bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PENERAPAN ALGORITMA K-MEANS UNTUK MENGETAHUI TINGKAT TINDAK KEJAHATAN DAERAH PEMATANGSIANTAR
Authors: Tampubolon Hotma Dame , Gultom Devi , Hutabarat Luvita Yolanda , R.H Zer Fikrul Ilmi , Hartama Dedy
Published: January 2022

Abstract - Crime is now a concern and concern for the community, especially those in the Pematangsiantar Region. Acts of crime that often occur are murder, theft, drugs, rape. With the rampant crime in Pematangsiantar City, it is necessary to group each region using the K-Means algorithm. The data source in this study is a collection of various documents of information Criminal Acts by Pematangsiantar Police Law. The data used in this study are data from 2019 consisting of 6 Districts. In this study, the K-Means algorithm is used to find out areas that have high crime rates and low crime rates areas.Keywords - Crime, K-Means, Clustering, Data Mining Abstrak - Kejahatan saat ini menjadi perhatian dan ke khawatiran bagi masyarakat terutama yang ada di Wilayah Pematangsiantar. Aksi kejahatan yang sering terjadi ialah pembunuhan, pencurian, narkoba, Pemerkosaan. Dengan maraknya kejahatan di Kota Pematangsiantar maka di perlukan pengelompokkan tiap daerah menggunakan algoritma K-Means. Sumber data pada penelitian ini merupakan kumpulan dari berbagai dokumen-dokumen keterangan Aksi Kriminalitas oleh Hukum Polres Pematangsiantar. Data yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah data dari tahun 2019 yang terdiri dari 6 Kecamatan. Dalam penelitian ini algoritma K-Means digunakan untuk mengetahui daerah yang memiliki tingkat kejahatan tinggi dan daerah tingkat kejahatan rendah.Kata Kunci -  Kejahatan, K-Means, Clustering, Data Mining
Modifikasi Caesar Cipher dengan Permutasi, Transposisi, Binary, Gerbang Logika, ASCII Dan HEXA
Authors: Syarif Akhmad
Published: January 2022

Abstract - Cryptography is the art of securing and keeping text or message from other people except those who receive it. Caesar Cipher algorithm is a classic algorithm that is vulnerable to hacker attacks by the brute force method. Caesar Cipher with 7 methods, the first is a transposition, the second is a permutation, the third is binary converting, the fourth is logistic gate calculation, the sixth is converting ASCII and the seventh is converting Hexa. With seven combinations of these methods, it can improve Caesar’s algorithm Cipher from hacker attacks and add variations to the modification of Caesar Cipher in classical encryption. Making ciphertext very complex and to overcome so many possibilities that must be tried.Keywords  -   Caesar Cipher, Modification, Convert, Transposition. Abstrak - Kriptografi adalah seni dalam mengamankan dan merahasiakan suatu teks atau pesan dari orang lain kecuali yang menerima. Algoritma Caesar Cipher adalah algoritma klasik yang rentan akan serangan hacker dengan metode brute force. Pada penelitian ini dilakukan memodifikasi algoritma Caesar Cipher dengan 7 metode yaitu pertama adalah tranposisi, ke-dua permutasi, ke-tiga convert biner, ke-empat perhitungan gerbang logika, ke-enam convert ASCII dan ke-tujuh convert hexa. Dengan tujuh kombinasi metode ini harapan bisa memperkuat algoritma Caesar Cipher dari serangan hacker dan menambah variasi modifikasi dari Caesar Cipher dalam enkripsi klasik. Menjadikan ciphertext sangat komplek dan untuk mengatasinya begitu banyak kemungkinan yang harus dicoba. Kata Kunci - Caesar Cipher, Modifikasi, Mengubah, Transposisi.
Pillars Of Pluralistic Education For Christian Education In The Context Of Multicultural Indonesia
Authors: Suardana I Made , Darmawan I Putu Ayub
Published: January 2022

Indonesia is a nation with a plurality of people. This is an advantage that can produce strength as well as a problem if it is not interpreted properly. This article presents a literature study on the pillars of pluralism education for Christian education. According to the author there are three pillars of pluralism education for Christian education in the multicultural context of Indonesia, namely the pillar of the Authority that emphasizes education in bringing wealth of faith, the pillar of Identity, namely education as a realization of humanity, and the pillar of reality which emphasizes that education is the nature of freedom.
GASTROINTESTINAL AND METABOLIC DISTURBANCES IN POST-COVID-19 DISEASE OUTCOMES
Authors: Hassan Saif M. , Jawad Mohammed J. , Jawad Mahmood J. , Abu-Raghif Ahmed R. , Hadi Najah R.
Published: January 2022

The aim: Recognizing gastrointestinal symptoms that precede COVID-19 respiratory difficulties may be crucial for effective early detection and treatment.
Materials and methods: A total of 200 individuals with the post-covid-19 symptoms for both genders in clinical private and hospital COVID-19 verified by polymerase chain reaction were tracked until they recovered. To evaluate the duration of symptoms as a predictor of COVID-19 prognosis, we proposed a link between gastrointestinal symptoms, metabolic disturbances and disease severity. Glucose disturbances were observed in 65 percent of participants, higher D-Dimer plasma levels have been found in 77 percent of participants, and ferritin plasma levels were found in 62 percent of participants.
Results: While gastrointestinal symptoms were common, with nausea accounting for 51% of participants, an increase in appetite accounting for 76% of patients, and anal fissure accounting for 30% of participants. Both metabolic and GIT symptoms disturbances impact a large percentage of men.
Conclusions: Our conclusion was any patient with covid-19 must need to follow up for at least 1 month after recovery to notified of the post-covid symptoms especially the male gender
EFFECTIVENESS OF EDUCATIONAL PROGRAM UPON HIGH-SCHOOL STUDENTS’ KNOWLEDGE TOWARD DRUG ADDICTION
Authors: Al-Tameemi Hussein Mansour Ali , Yasir Amean Ageel , Al-Jubouri Qahtan Hadi Hussein
Published: January 2022

The aim: 1. To assess the existing knowledge of high-school students regarding drug addiction. 2. To measure the effectiveness of planned teaching program upon study groups knowledge on drug addiction. 3. To assess and compare the knowledge levels among participants (post-test) for both groups (study and control). 4. To find the association between studies group post-test levels of knowledge with participants socio-demographic variables. Materials and methods: The present study carried out by using quasi-experimental design with two groups and over three assessment phases, in period from September 2019 to July 2021, with objective of assessing educational program effectiveness in improving knowledge of drug addiction among students at high-school in Al Najaf city. Total of 70 high-school students divided into two groups, which were included by non-probability purposive sampling methods. Results: After conducting program the (post-tests) revealed significant improvement in knowledge of students from study group in comparing to control group, which remained at same level of knowledge toward drug addiction with mild decline. Conclusions: Furthermore, the study concluded that the education program was effective in enhancing knowledge of students concerning drug addiction. Besides, it is beneficial to conduct such programs in order to protect students from addiction risk. The study recommended for further modification and application of current program in future besides the need to educate teachers and as well as families toward drug addiction issue.
Productivity and quality of sweet potato roots cultivation with and without chicken manure
Authors: Steffler Andersson Daniel , Canepelle Eduardo , Rotili Junior Rodrigo , Redin Marciel
Published: January 2022

Sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas) has cultural, social and economic importance due to its rusticity and wide climate adaptation, being cultivated in Brazil for human and animal food. However, cultivation is carried out mainly without fertilization and with Creole cultivars. The objective was to evaluate the yield and quality of roots of sweet potato cultivars with and without fertilization of chicken manure in an Oxisol. The experiment was carried out under field conditions in the 2015/16 and 2016/17 seasons in a randomized block design with three replications in 6 m2 plots. Four sweet potato cultivars, BRS Rubissol, BRS Amélia, BRS Cuia and Crioula, were used. Root productivity, number, length and diameter of roots, and cracked roots were evaluated. In both cultivation conditions, the virus-free cultivars Rubissol, Amélia and Cuia showed higher average root yields, 43,941, 45,498 and 52,095 kg ha-1, respectively, compared to the Crioula cultivar with 3,389 kg ha-1. Fertilization with chicken manure does not increase the productivity, number, length and diameter of roots, but it does increase the number of cracked roots. The cultivation of virus-free sweet potato without fertilizer reduces cracked roots by an average of 51.4%.
Are Paper Straws Friendly to the Marine Ecosystem?
Authors: Zhang Kunyue , Zhai Dongran
Published: January 2022

The impact of marine plastic garbage pollution on people all around the world is enormous. When we consider the benefits of paper straws, we can see that they have fewer negative effects on the environment, which means that if a paper straw falls into the water, it is more likely to biodegrade, whereas plastic would exist for a longer time. Aside from the benefits we’ve discussed, paper straws aren’t substantially more ecologically friendly than plastic straws. This study examines the detrimental effects of paper straws on the marine ecosystem, as well as the pollutants associated with their manufacture and whether they are biodegradable.
Efecto del germinado sobre las características nutricionales, propiedades bioactivas y funcionales de basul (Erythrina edulis)
Authors: Vilcanqui-Pérez Fulgencio , Chaquilla-Quilca Guadalupe , Sarmiento Casavilca Víctor Hugo , Céspedes Orosco Candy Naya , Ventura Saldívar Yeni , Cortés-Avendaño Paola
Published: January 2022

El basul es el fruto de la planta Erythrina edulis que posee un alto contenido de proteínas, fibra dietética y antioxidantes, pero también con contenido de antinutrientes. Objetivo. El objetivo del estudio fue evaluar el efecto del germinado sobre las características nutricionales, propiedades bioactivas y funcionales de las semillas de basul. Materiales y métodos. Mediante un diseño aleatorizado con arreglo factorial de 2x2x2 (tiempo de remojo, tiempo de germinado, presencia o ausencia de luz), las semillas de basul fueron germinadas y convertidas en harina (HBG) para determinar la composición proximal y la digestibilidad in vitro de la proteína. Además, se ha determinado los fenoles totales (CFT), la capacidad antioxidante (métodos ABTS y DPPH) y las propiedades de hidratación y adsorción de aceite. Resultados. Las diferentes condiciones de germinado no han modificado la composición proximal de la HBG; sin embargo, la digestibilidad in vitro de la proteína incrementó hasta en 6,25% en uno de los tratamientos respecto a la muestra no germinada. El CFT, también ha incrementado de 241,49 mg AGE/100g (sin germinar) a 267,15 mg AGE/100g (germinado); al igual que la capacidad antioxidante (ABTS) de 173,04 μmolTE/g (sin germinar) a 195,67 μmolTE/g (germinado). También se tuvo incrementos en la solubilidad, la capacidad de absorción de agua y la capacidad de hinchamiento. Conclusión. La calidad de la proteína, el contenido de fenoles totales, la capacidad antioxidante y propiedades funcionales de interacción con el agua de la semilla de basul mejora con el germinado.
Introduction of the adaptive management system at the enterprises of the tourist sphere
Authors: AVERIKHINA Tetiana , VLAIEVA Alina
Published: January 2022

Introduction. In the current situation, enterprises themselves must take responsibility for their competitiveness and market position, using all options for management systems, while stimulating the development of market relations in the field of tourism services. Businesses are required to find new, sometimes non-standard solutions and approaches. In this case, the management system should be viewed through the prism of the constant search for new adaptive forms that have focus, flexibility and diversity.
The purpose of the paper is to scientifically substantiate the need for adaptive management systems and develop practical recommendations for tourism enterprises that have the potential to adapt to ever-changing operating conditions.
Results. The process of adaptive management in a tourism enterprise should look like this: Step 1 – Involvement of stakeholders. Step 2 – Objectives. Step 3 – Management actions. Step 4 – models. Step 5 – monitoring plans. Step 6 – Decision Making. Step 7 – Further monitoring. Step 8 – evaluation. Step 9 – iteration – return to step 6.
Thus, adaptive enterprise management is an ongoing process that requires a lot of effort and time. However, the results of its implementation should significantly improve the efficiency of the tourism enterprise.
Conclusion. Adaptive management of a tourism business requires a much more open decision-making process in which stakeholders are directly involved and decision-making powers are shared between them. It also requires that the goals, assumptions and other elements of the decision-making process be clear and therefore subject to analysis and discussion. Finally, it requires a strong commitment from managers to the necessary monitoring and evaluation that underpins adaptive management, not as marginal activities but as essential elements of the process. There is no doubt that many, and perhaps most, projects in the tourism sector involve monitoring, and in some cases management actually takes into account the results of the monitoring. But this in itself is a long way from structured, adaptive decision-making in a learning-based environment.
Active Main-belt Asteroid (6478) Gault: Constraint on Its Cohesive Strength and the Fate of Ejected Particles in the Solar System
Authors: Jackson Pierce M. , Nakano Ryota , Kim Yaeji , Hirabayashi Masatoshi
Published: January 2022

Active asteroid (6478) Gault sheds mass independent of location along its orbit. Rotational instability is considered to induce the observed activities. If this is the case, because Gault’s breakup event has not been detected, surface failure is likely, implying that its surface materials are constantly ejected while its major body remains intact. Given this scenario, we first constrain Gault’s bulk cohesive strength. We then characterize heliocentric trajectories of ejected particles over thousands of years. The results show that Gault may be sensitive to structural failure at the current spin period (∼2.5 hr). Gault’s bulk density needs to be below 1.75 g cm−3 in order for particles on the equatorial surface to be shed owing to centrifugal forces. In this case, Gault requires cohesive strength of at least ∼200 Pa to maintain the structure at the center, whereas the surface strength needs to be less than ∼100 Pa to induce mass shedding. This suggests that Gault’s structure may consist of a weak surface layer atop a strong core. The trajectories of dust ejected from Gault depend on how efficiently they are accelerated by solar radiation pressure. Escaped particle clouds with sizes of < ∼100 μm could collide with Gault after ∼700–5300 yr with speeds of ∼0.2 km s−1. This implies a temporal increase in the impact flux and complex interactions between the ejected particles and their host body.
1-Year Post-loading of Short and Ultrashort Implants in Posterior Mandibular and Maxillary Regions
Authors: ElAdl Noha M. , Sholkamy Hisham M. , Emara Aala'a S.
Published: January 2022

BACKGROUND: Short implants have been proposed as an option for management of deficient alveolar ridges without the need for complex augmentation procedures. AIM: In this study, we aim to assess the use of short and ultrashort implants for the management of deficient alveolar ridges in posterior mandibular and maxillary areas with a 1-year post-loading follow-up. METHODOLOGY: Ten patients were recruited in this trial with a total of 14 implants to be placed. The patients all needed implants in the maxillary/mandibular posterior regions for prosthetic rehabilitation with deficient alveolar ridge heights. Implants of 5 mm diameter and lengths either 6 or 8.5 mm were to be placed in the edentulous spaces after proper radiographic assessment. Two-stage surgeries were followed with ¾ months between implant placement and loading. The follow-up lasted for a year to allow for peri-implant clinical assessment and radiographic analysis. RESULTS: All patients showed uneventful healing and no infection, wound dehiscence or inflammation was noted. Prosthetic rehabilitation was successful and satisfactory to the patients. None of the cases showed excessive marginal bone loss and stability was maintained at acceptable levels to the end of the follow-up period. CONCLUSION: Within the limitations of this study, short and ultrashort implants seem like a valid option for management of posterior edentulous regions with deficient ridge heights.
Nutritional Status of Patients with Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma
Authors: Dewi Yussy Afriani , Fakhrizal Arief , Boesoirie Shinta Fitri , Saputri Ayu Hardianti
Published: January 2022

BACKGROUND: Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is the most common malignant tumor found in the otorhinolaryngology department of the head and neck. On the other hand, malnutrition is common problems among patients with cancer.

AIM: The objective of the study was to determine the relationship between NPC stage and nutritional status.

METHODS: Data were obtained retrospectively through medical records of NPC patients at Hasan Sadikin General Hospital Bandung and Santosa Hospital Bandung Kopo who were examined in the first examination between 2016 and 2020. Data collection included age, gender, NPC stage, and body mass index (BMI) of all patients. To analyze the association among variables, Mann–Whitney, Chi-square test with alternative Kolmogorov–Smirnov test and Fisher’s exact for categorical data, and multivariate analysis with binary logistic regression were performed.

RESULTS: Patients who were included in this study found 554 people, mostly malnourished. There was a significant difference between the NPC stage and the level of malnutrition with p = 0.0001, but there was no significant difference between the NPC stage and age (p = 0.353), the NPC stage and gender (p = 0.074), BMI and age only (p = 0.194), early stage only (p =0.464), and late stage only (p = 0.368); BMI and gender in early and late stage (p = 0.411), early stage only (p = 0.583), and late stage only (p = 0.731).

CONCLUSION: At an advanced stage of NPC, the BMI value will be lower.
Anxiety Levels and Behavioral Changes among Pregnant Women Amidst the Coronavirus Disease-19 Pandemic at Fauziah Mother and Child Hospital Tulungagung, East Java
Authors: Sutrisno Sutrisno , Widowati Ayu Rizky , Suprobo Nina Rini
Published: January 2022

AIM: The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic has reportedly leaded to anxiety in women during pregnancy around the world. Anxiety during pregnancy is known to have negative outcomes for pregnancy and the baby. The aim of this study is to describe anxiety levels and behavioral changes of pregnant women during the COVID-19 pandemic at Fauziah Mother and Child Hospital Tulungagung, East Java.

METHODS: This descriptive study involved 30 pregnant women. The instrument used was a questionnaire asking about socio-demographic characteristics, gestational age, and the number of children, a questionnaire to assess attitudes and behavioral changes, and Generalized anxiety disorder-7-item Scale.

RESULTS: About 66.6% of pregnant women exhibited had mild anxiety levels, while 16.7% of them had moderate anxiety levels. Most pregnant women worried about their own, their children’s, unborn babies, and their elderly family members’ health, worked from home, avoided large-scale social activities and gatherings, and limited visits to health facilities.

CONCLUSION: The COVID-19 pandemic increases the likelihood of anxiety symptoms and changes in attitudes and behaviors in pregnant women.
Chancroid Coexisting with Vaginal Candidiasis: A Case Report
Authors: Putri Raja Tina Anggrainy Dwi , Madjid Asnawi , Widita Widya , Yaumil Nahda
Published: January 2022

BACKGROUND: Chancroid is a sexually transmitted disease caused by the Gram-negative bacteria, Haemophilus ducreyi. In endemic areas, the ratio of men to women is 3:1. Clinical symptoms of chancroid manifest as genital ulcers which are generally painful and tender with irregular edges. The base of the ulcer can be covered with yellow or gray necrotic purulent exudate, and often bleeds when rubbed. Vaginitis is an inflammation of the vagina and can be accompanied with symptoms such as vaginal discharge, complaints of itching, and pain. The most common cause is an imbalance of bacteria or normal flora in the vagina.

CASE REPORT: We report a case of chancroid in a 20-year-old woman in conjunction with vaginal candidiasis that was later identified as Candida glabrata. The patient was then treated with a combination of oral antibiotics and antifungals, as well as normal saline dressing that then showed significant clinical improvements.

CONCLUSION: Chancroid is a sexually transmitted disease that is still prevalent especially in developing countries. Diagnosis of the disease is often made clinically and should be promptly treated to prevent further complications. Coexistence of chancroid with vaginal candidiasis is rare, and combination of antibiotics and antifungals, as well as normal saline dressing proved to be effective in treating the condition.
Graptophyllum pictum Extract in the Treatment of Experimental Hemorrhoids: Effects on Vascular Leakage and Matrix Metalloproteinase-9 Levels
Authors: Parish Budiono Bernadus , Adi Presetyo Sigit , Riwanto Ignatius , Sulistyaningsih Sulistyaningsih , Nugroho Eriawan Agung
Published: January 2022

BACKGROUND: The micronized purified flavonoid fraction, which has been shown to be effective for the treatment of hemorrhoids, is too expensive for Indonesian patients and is not included in the National Formulary.

AIM: The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of Graptophyllum pictum extract (GPE), a phlebotropic drug, as it is a cheaper and safer alternative medication for the treatment of hemorrhoids.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty-eight male Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups. Hemorrhoids were induced in groups 2, 3, and 4 using 6% croton oil. After induction, group 1 (negative control) and group 2 (positive control) were administered normal saline, whereas groups 3 and 4 were administered 100 mg/kg BW and 300 mg/kg BW GPE, respectively. On the 9th day, blood samples were collected to measure serum matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9 levels. The anus, containing the internal and external sphincters, was resected. Vascular leakage was measured based on edema and extravascular leukocyte count. The edema was measured using the rectoanal coefficient.

RESULTS: The highest rectoanal coefficient was observed in groups 2 (3.13 ± 0.85) and 3 (2.46 ± 0.41); that in group 4 (2.60 ± 0.34) was significantly lower than that in group 2 (p < 0.05). The highest leukocyte count was observed in groups 2 (1003.28 ± 99.30) and 3 (900.14 ± 48.09); that in group 4 (835.85 ± 42.65) was significantly lower than that in group 2 (p < 0.05). The highest mean serum MMP-9 level was observed in groups 2 (1840.25 ±437.84) and 3 (525.78 ± 577.33); that in group 4 (1122.03±675.76) was significantly lower than that in group 2 (p < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONS: GPE effectively reduced vascular leakage (edema and extravascular leukocyte count) and MMP-9 level in this experimental model of hemorrhoids.
Phylogenetic analysis of the tribe Dufouriini (Diptera: Tachinidae) using a total evidence approach based on adult and immature stages
Authors: de Santis Marcelo Domingos , Nihei Silvio Shigueo
Published: January 2022

Abstract

Dufouriini are a worldwide distributed tachinid tribe comprised of 51 species in 13 genera, made up of parasitoids of adult Coleoptera. The systematic positioning of Dufouriini has been controversial. Currently, it is placed within Dexiinae, but was previously placed in Phasiinae and Voriinae, and has even had the status of subfamily. Delimitation and composition of Dufouriini has also been debated, whether it is a single tribe or divided into two (Dufouriini and Freraeini) or three (Dufouriini, Oestrophasiini and Freraeini) tribes. Herein, we present the first phylogenetic analysis of Dufouriini based on total evidence using morphological data from adult and immature stages. The taxonomic sampling included all genera in Dufouriini (including Oestrophasiini) and also the genus belonging to Freraeini, a historically related tribe. Data matrix comprised 35 species and 22 genera in the ingroup, and 185 characters constructed from eggs, first instar larvae, puparia and adults, including female and male terminalia and spermathecae. The phylogenetic analysis recovered Dexiinae as paraphyletic in relation to Phasiinae, since the clade (Freraeini (Dufouriini + Oestrophasiini)) is more closely related to Phasiinae than Dexiinae. Dufouriini, Oestrophasiini and Freraeini are recovered as separate monophyletic tribes, strongly supported by a number of synapomorphies. Oestrophasiini is revalidated. A new synonymy is proposed:ComyopsisTownsendsyn. nov.ofEbeniaMacquart. Accordingly,Ebenia fumata(Townsend, 1919) isnomen preoccupatumbyEbenia fumata(Wulp, 1891), thus we change its specific epithet by designation of the new replacement nameEbenia neofumataSantis and Nihei [nomen novum]. The generaMesnilanaandRhinophoroidesare removed from Dufouriini and tentatively placed into Palpostomatini. Finally,Cenosomastat. rev., previously a subgenus ofOestrophasia, is revalidated as genus.
Molecular and morphological evidence for a new species of Pogostemon (Lamiaceae) from Hainan Island, China
Authors: Yuan Langxing , Tan Gan , Zhang Wenhua , Xue Bine , Deng Jiwen , Liu Lei , Yao Gang
Published: January 2022

Pogostemon hainanensis, a new species of Lamiaceae from Hainan Island, China, is described. The phylogenetic position of the new species within Pogostemon was investigated based on analyses of the nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (nrITS) and five plastid markers (viz. matK, psbA-trnH, rbcL, rsp16, trnL-F). The results show that P. hainanensis is supported to be a member of subgenus Pogostemon and is sister to P. parviflorus, a species widely distributed from Eastern Himalaya, through the Indo-China peninsula to China. Morphologically, the new species can be distinguished from all the other taxa of subgenus Pogostemon in having long petioles usually 4.5‒11.5 cm in length, and the calyx teeth 2/3 to subequal as long as the calyx tube. The new species differs from P. parviflorus further by its obviously double serrate leaf margin, spikes of inflorescence usually 2.5–8.0 cm long, calyx 4‒5 mm long and corolla 6–7 mm long.
Hybrid modeling and distributed optimization control method for the iron removal process
Authors: Chen Ning , Zhao Yan Xia , Dai Jia Yang , Guo Yu Qian , Gui Wei Hua , Peng Jun Jie
Published: January 2022

Iron removal by goethite is a key procedure in zinc hydrometallurgy. Due to its complex chemical reaction mechanism, multiple reactors cascade, and high uncertainty, it is difficult to optimize and control in industrial process. In this paper, a distributed optimization control method which is based on a novel hybrid model of the iron removal process is proposed. By combining the mechanism model and a data-driven oxygen mass transfer coefficient model, a hybrid model is first established. Then, to overcome the influence of the former reactor on the latter reactor, the ratio of the status in each subsystem to the set point is taken as a new status, and a distributed optimization control problem is constructed. Considering the high dimensionality of this problem, it is necessary to reconstruct it by Virtual Motion Camouflage (VMC), so that the optimal control problem is transformed into a nonlinear constrained optimal trajectory planning problem. And a Legendre pseudo-spectral method is used to solve the problem accurately to obtain the optimal trajectory of the ion concentration. Finally, simulation results show that the proposed method can effectively reflect the industrial process, and track the fluctuation of inlet ion concentrations with a nice real-time performance.
Drug repositioning of COVID-19 based on mixed graph network and ion channel
Authors: Wang Xianfang ,   Henan Institute of Technology, Xinxiang 453003, China, Li Qimeng , Liu Yifeng , Du Zhiyong , Jin Ruixia ,   College of Computer and Information Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China,   SanQuan Medical College, Xinxiang 453003, China
Published: January 2022

Research on the relationship between drugs and targets is the key to precision medicine. Ion channel is a kind of important drug targets. Aiming at the urgent needs of corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) treatment and drug development, this paper designed a mixed graph network model to predict the affinity between ion channel targets of COVID-19 and drugs. According to the simplified molecular input line entry specification (SMILES) code of drugs, firstly, the atomic features were extracted to construct the point sets, and edge sets were constructed according to atomic bonds. Then the undirected graph with atomic features was generated by RDKit tool and the graph attention layer was used to extract the drug feature information. Five ion channel target proteins were screened from the whole SARS-CoV-2 genome sequences of NCBI database, and the protein features were extracted by convolution neural network (CNN). Using attention mechanism and graph convolutional network (GCN), the extracted drug features and target features information were connected. After two full connection layers operation, the drug-target affinity was output, and model was obtained. Kiba dataset was used to train the model and determine the model parameters. Compared with DeepDTA, WideDTA, graph attention network (GAT), GCN and graph isomorphism network (GIN) models, it was proved that the mean square error (MSE) of the proposed model was decreased by 0.055, 0.04, 0.001, 0.046, 0.013 and the consistency index (CI) was increased by 0.028, 0.016, 0.003, 0.03 and 0.01, respectively. It can predict the drug-target affinity more accurately. According to the prediction results of drug-target affinity of SARS-CoV-2 ion channel targets, seven kinds of small molecule drugs acting on five ion channel targets were obtained, namely SCH-47112, Dehydroaltenusin, alternariol 5-o-sulfate, LPA1 antagonist 1, alternariol, butin, and AT-9283.These drugs provide a reference for drug repositioning and precise treatment of COVID-19.
Banks, Liquidity Management, and Monetary Policy
Authors: Bianchi Javier , Bigio Saki
Published: January 2022

We develop a tractable model of banks' liquidity management with an over‐the‐counter interbank market to study the credit channel of monetary policy. Deposits circulate randomly across banks and must be settled with reserves. We show how monetary policy affects the banking system by altering the trade‐off between profiting from lending and incurring greater liquidity risk. We present two applications of the theory, one involving the connection between the implementation of monetary policy and the pass‐through to lending rates, and another considering a quantitative decomposition behind the collapse in bank lending during the 2008 financial crisis. Our analysis underscores the importance of liquidity frictions and the functioning of interbank markets for the conduct of monetary policy.
RCTs to Scale: Comprehensive Evidence From Two Nudge Units
Authors: DellaVigna Stefano , Linos Elizabeth
Published: January 2022

Nudge interventions have quickly expanded from academic studies to larger implementation in so‐called Nudge Units in governments. This provides an opportunity to compare interventions in research studies, versus at scale. We assemble a unique data set of 126 RCTs covering 23 million individuals, including all trials run by two of the largest Nudge Units in the United States. We compare these trials to a sample of nudge trials in academic journals from two recent meta‐analyses. In the Academic Journals papers, the average impact of a nudge is very large—an 8.7 percentage point take‐up effect, which is a 33.4% increase over the average control. In the Nudge Units sample, the average impact is still sizable and highly statistically significant, but smaller at 1.4 percentage points, an 8.0% increase. We document three dimensions which can account for the difference between these two estimates: (i) statistical power of the trials; (ii) characteristics of the interventions, such as topic area and behavioral channel; and (iii) selective publication. A meta‐analysis model incorporating these dimensions indicates that selective publication in the Academic Journals sample, exacerbated by low statistical power, explains about 70 percent of the difference in effect sizes between the two samples. Different nudge characteristics account for most of the residual difference.
Identification and Estimation of a Partially Linear Regression Model Using Network Data
Authors: Auerbach Eric
Published: January 2022

I study a regression model in which one covariate is an unknown function of a latent driver of link formation in a network. Rather than specify and fit a parametric network formation model, I introduce a new method based on matching pairs of agents with similar columns of the squared adjacency matrix, the
ijth entry of which contains the number of other agents linked to both agents
i and
j. The intuition behind this approach is that for a large class of network formation models the columns of the squared adjacency matrix characterize all of the identifiable information about individual linking behavior. In this paper, I describe the model, formalize this intuition, and provide consistent estimators for the parameters of the regression model.
Financing corporate tax cuts with shareholder taxes
Authors: Anagnostopoulos Alexis , Atesagaoglu Orhan Erem , Cárceles-Poveda Eva
Published: January 2022

We study the aggregate and distributional consequences of replacing corporate profit taxes with shareholder taxes, namely taxes on dividends and capital gains, in a setting with incomplete markets and heterogeneity at both the household and the firm level. The reform yields distributional gains with a large majority of households benefiting. Moreover, if dividend and capital gains are taxed at the same rate, the reform is also efficiency‐enhancing and the implied optimal corporate income tax rate is zero. In contrast, an asymmetric tax treatment of dividend and capital gains induces a trade‐off between efficiency and distributional concerns that is optimally resolved at a positive optimal corporate tax rate, implying double taxation.
The environmental cost of land‐use restrictions
Authors: Colas Mark , Morehouse John M.
Published: January 2022

Cities with cleaner power plants and lower energy demand tend also to have tighter land‐use restrictions; these restrictions increase housing prices and reduce the incentive for households to live in these lower greenhouse gas‐emitting cities. We use a spatial equilibrium model to quantify the overall effects of land‐use restrictions on the levels and spatial distribution of household carbon emissions. Our model features heterogeneous households, cities that vary in both their power plant technologies and their utility benefits of energy usage, as well as endogenous wages and rents. Relaxation of the current land‐use restrictions in California to the level faced by the median urban household in the US leads to a 0.6% drop in national household carbon emissions and a decrease in the social cost of carbon of $310 million annually.
The influence function of semiparametric estimators
Authors: Ichimura Hidehiko , Newey Whitney K.
Published: January 2022

There are many economic parameters that depend on nonparametric first steps. Examples include games, dynamic discrete choice, average exact consumer surplus, and treatment effects. Often estimators of these parameters are asymptotically equivalent to a sample average of an object referred to as the influence function. The influence function is useful in local policy analysis, in evaluating local sensitivity of estimators, and constructing debiased machine learning estimators. We show that the influence function is a Gateaux derivative with respect to a smooth deviation evaluated at a point mass. This result generalizes the classic Von Mises (1947) and Hampel (1974) calculation to estimators that depend on smooth nonparametric first steps. We give explicit influence functions for first steps that satisfy exogenous or endogenous orthogonality conditions. We use these results to generalize the omitted variable bias formula for regression to policy analysis for and sensitivity to structural changes. We apply this analysis and find no sensitivity to endogeneity of average equivalent variation estimates in a gasoline demand application.
Faire construire les logements sociaux par le secteur privé. Les leviers insoupçonnés de la Région bruxelloise en matière de TVA
Authors: Bernard Nicolas , Traversa Edoardo
Published: January 2022

La Région bruxelloise manque dramatiquement de logements sociaux, on le sait. Si le régime de la TVA avantage incontestablement la production publique des logements sociaux (par l’octroi d’un taux réduit : 6 %), il n’aide en rien les opérateurs privés ni les associations qui, pareillement, ont pour vocation de mettre à disposition des logements à un tarif modeste (sans passer par une agence immobilière sociale).  En plus, ce système différencié de TVA heurte deux principes juridiques fondamentaux : l’égalité de traitement et la neutralité fiscale (suivant lequel deux opérations semblables quant à leurs résultats doivent connaître un régime fiscal lui-même semblable). Il est temps dès lors de changer ce logiciel fiscal. Mais que peut bien faire la Région bruxelloise dès lors que cet impôt relève des compétences de l’autorité fédérale ? Deux choses au moins : englober dans la catégorie de « société de logement » (qui bénéficie déjà du taux de TVA réduit) la construction privée de logements à caractère social ou, à défaut, accorder à cette dernière activité un subside qui compenserait la différence entre le taux standard de TVA (qui sera appliqué) et le taux réduit. Le tout, naturellement, moyennant une série de contreparties sociales, comme vendre une certaine proportion des biens ainsi produits à une société de logement social et assujettir à certaines conditions sociales la vente (ou la location) du solde. En impliquant de la sorte le secteur privé, il sera permis d’espérer une résorption plus rapide de la très longue file d’attente des logements sociaux.
Topic Modeling Techniques for Text Mining Over a Large-Scale Scientific and Biomedical Text Corpus
Authors: Avasthi Sandhya , Chauhan Ritu , Acharjya Debi Prasanna
Published: January 2022

Topic models are efficient in extracting central themes from large-scale document collection and it is an active research area. The state-of-the-art techniques like Latent Dirichlet Allocation, Correlated Topic Model (CTM), Hierarchical Dirichlet Process (HDP), Dirichlet Multinomial Regression (DMR) and Hierarchical Pachinko Allocation (HPA) model is considered for comparison. . The abstracts of articles were collected between different periods from PUBMED library by keywords adolescence substance use and depression. A lot of research has happened in this area and thousands of articles are available on PubMed in this area. This collection is huge and so extracting information is very time-consuming. To fit the topic models this extracted text data is used and fitted models were evaluated using both likelihood and non-likelihood measures. The topic models are compared using the evaluation parameters like log-likelihood and perplexity. To evaluate the quality of topics topic coherence measures has been used.
Automatic Brain Tumor Detection From MRI Using Curvelet Transform and Neural Features
Authors: Mostafiz Rafid , Uddin Mohammad Shorif , Jabin Iffat , Hossain Muhammad Minoar , Rahman Mohammad Motiur
Published: January 2022

The brain tumor is one of the most health hazard diseases across the world in recent time. The development of the intelligent system has extended its applications in the automated medical diagnosis domains. However, image-based medical diagnosis result strongly depends on the selection of relevant features. This research focuses on the automatic detection of brain tumors based on the concatenation of curvelet transform and convolutional neural network (CNN) features extracted from the preprocessed MRI sequence of the brain. Relevant features are selected from the feature vector using mutual information based on the minimum redundancy maximum relevance (mRMR) method. The detection is done using the ensemble classifier of the bagging method. The experiment is performed using two standard datasets of BraTS 2018 and BraTS 2019. After five-fold cross-validation, we have obtained an outperforming accuracy of 98.96%.
Cuff-Less Non-Invasive Blood Pressure Measurement Using Various Machine Learning Regression Techniques and Analysis
Authors: Srinivasa M. G.  , Pandian P. S.
Published: January 2022

This paper proposes a new approach for non-invasive cuff-less arterial Blood Pressure (BP) estimation using pulse transit time (PTT). The ECG and PPG signals were acquired at a sampling rate of 500Hz. Standard cuff based Sphygmomanometer used to take reference BP and heart rate simultaneously. The hardware for the acquiring the ECG and PPG signals were designed and fabricated and were made and study was carried out with 60 subject during various activities. The objective of this work is to estimate the Systolic BP and Diastolic BP using PTT techniques and to apply regression analysis using machine learning methods for estimating the BP, compare the results with recording simultaneously carried out using the standard devices. The proposed work concludes that AdaBoost algorithm has highest accuracy in estimating systolic and diastolic BP values. The readings obtained are in accordance with the AHA standards and are in acceptable limits and can be used for measuring BP in wearable devices.
Program Outcomes and Rural Immersion Track
Authors: Patil Sagar B. , Patil S. V.
Published: January 2022

AICTE committee (2018), during the curriculum reviewing process, opined the MBA curriculum should include exposure to social responsiveness, rural innovation projects, and field learning to meet changing requirements of the industry. Further, committee also highlighted that present management education addresses the problems of the corporate sector only. Rural Immersion (RI) Track provides rural exposure to the students with real life leanings. Track is spread across four semesters of the MBA program, and each phase has objectives to be met that are graded. The study attempted to examine the program outcomes (PO’s) attained in the journey. Outcomes are periodically measured through fieldwork, presentations, role play, reports, and viva-voce. The researcher followed content analysis research methods to collect the data. It can be concluded that track attained 100% mapped PO’s required by the MBA graduates and outcomes mentioned by the AICTE committee, such as social responsiveness, leadership, and teamwork. The advantage of RI is in achieving 66% PO’s that were not mapped.
E-Mind-Mapping Strategy for Better EFL Middle School Student Vocabulary Use Skills
Authors: Abdelhamid Eman
Published: January 2022

This study’s purpose was to investigate the effect of E-mind mapping strategy on vocabulary use skills of middle School Students. The quasi- experimental design was adopted. Participants were forty (40) students at Abdel Wahab Elgohary middle School, Egypt. They were equally allocated in two groups. The groups were pretested to guarantee they were equal. The treatment group was taught using E-mind mapping strategy meanwhile the control one was taught by the old-style method in the first semester of the scholastic year 2019-2020. The experiment sustained for ten weeks during which the instruments of the study were implemented to examine the impact of E-mind mapping strategy. The outcomes were analyzed using SPSS to get final results. The findings indicated that there were statistically remarkable variances at (α = 0.05) between the mean scores of the control and of the treatment on the vocabulary use posttest favoring the treatment group. The effect of utilized the E-mind mapping strategy was a reason to this positive result.
A New Defuzzification Method for Cost Analysis of Economic Order Quantity under Cloud Pentagonal Fuzzy Demand
Authors: Shah Nita H. , Patel Milan B. , Shah Pratik H.
Published: January 2022

The present research work explores a pentagonal dense fuzzy set (PDFS) and a novel defuzzification method for the same based on cut. The proposed concept is then applied in the field of inventory management by considering an economic order quantity (EOQ) model. To comprehend the uncertainty associated with the EOQ model, a pentagonal fuzzy number is utilized. Based on PDFS, cloud pentagonal fuzzy number (CPFN) is defined and the model is developed by considering demand as CPFN. The developed models are being tested numerically and graphically to understand the significance of the concept of CPFN. Sensitivity analysis is performed to identify the most critical parameters. A comparative analysis is made to figure out the difference between the models.
Designing a Serious Game for Scrum Learning
Authors: Tounkara Thierno , Daidj Nabyla
Published: January 2022

Scrum approach is now an important component of project management courses in universities. Experiential learning approaches as serious games seem to be more effective for Scrum learning since they have the advantage of providing students with an opportunity of encountering complex, realistic project situations. However, these educational games often lack clear specifications as to how they are to be incorporated within an experiential learning approach following a systematic instructional design. In this paper, we propose a conceptual framework that shapes serious games design, providing guidelines that allow integrating mechanisms of transfer aligned with the nature of knowledge. These transfer mechanisms rely on a “boundary perspective” with the use of boundary objects and boundary actors as a means to fostering social exchange during the game. Our framework is tested through the design of a LEGO serious game, MindScrum, to strengthen Scrum learning. We present the design principles of the game and discuss its effectiveness in the learning process.
Visual Chatbot for Knowledge Transfer
Authors: Bouzayane Sarra , Aberkane Arezki
Published: January 2022

This paper proposes an approach to design a visual chatbot to enhance the virtual knowledge sharing process. Existing chatbots are either textual or vocal whose performance has not exceeded 60%. However, in various fields a textual description is no longer sufficient, and it is so essential for users to exchange images to better express their preferences. This prevents them from individually describing the image content and transmitting it in writing, which is not always obvious. This work developed a preliminary version of a visual chatbot called SIRSBot (Smart Information Retrieval System roBot). The objective of this paper is to make experiments to identify the main challenges which may face visual information identification. The role of the visual chatbot is (1) to understand the user request, (2) to extract the characteristics of each object in the image that ultimately represent the user's preferences and finally (3) to find a response that meets the user's needs.