bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
2. Infrastructure Planning, Challenges and Risks
Authors: Duffield Colin , Hui Felix Kin Peng , Wilson Sally
Published: November 2019

The second chapter briefly outlines relevant national and international plans and initiatives to assist with infrastructure investment and development in Indonesia. It then presents and discusses the challenges, barriers, risks and issues associated with delivering the required infrastructure necessary to underpin the economic growth and reform strategies for Indonesia. The chapter then presents some results from a survey of port executives, government officials, financiers and consultants undertaken in both Indonesia and Australia into efficient facilitation of major infrastructure projects with a focus on port planning and development.
3. Funding and Financing Infrastructure: Indonesia and Australia
Authors: Duffield Colin , Hui Felix Kin Peng , Wilson Sally
Published: November 2019

The third chapter explores the financing mechanisms available and funding required to support infrastructure investment in Indonesia. The Australian situation is also considered. A range of alternate investment approaches are explored as well as priority areas for investment in Indonesia and Australia. The relative effectiveness of various financing methods are explored from the perspective of Indonesian and Australian respondents to the port planning and development survey.
4. Efficient Facilitation of Major Infrastructure Projects
Authors: Duffield Colin , Hui Felix Kin Peng , Behal Vijayshree
Published: November 2019

The fourth chapter considers the processes involved in implementation of major infrastructure projects. It identifies the theoretical processes to instigate projects and compares them to the real-world practices that are being implemented in Indonesia and Australia with a focus on case study examples. A comparison with the Gateway review process undertaken for implementation of major infrastructure projects in Australia is presented.
6. Comparative Efficiency Analysis of Australian and Indonesian Ports
Authors: Hui Felix Kin Peng , Duffield Colin F. , Chin Andrew , Huang Hanlong
Published: November 2019

A comparative analysis of Australian and Indonesian port efficiency is presented in the sixth chapter. The analysis utilises the Data Envelope Analysis model to quantify and measure the efficiency of ports, focusing on port and container cargoes. Ports included in the benchmarking included major Australian, Indonesian and Chinese international ports. International benchmarking of port facilities provides an opportunity to identify areas for improvement.
7. Innovation in Port Development The Quad Helix Model
Authors: Wahyuni Sari
Published: November 2019

The seventh chapter presents a comprehensive case study from Japan on how an Academic-Business-Community-Government plus bank partnership can be nurtured to create innovation through various strategies, including engagement with key stakeholders for local industrial vitalization, analysis for new industries, support for creating an industrial vitalization plan, and support for collaboration with other regions.
9. Initial Investigation into the Effectiveness of Australian Ports’ Governance and Management Structures
Authors: Al-Daghlas Haya , Hui Felix Kin Peng , Duffield Colin F.
Published: November 2019

The ninth chapter considers effectiveness of port governance and management structures in Australia. It briefly reviews Australian port reform, before considering private, local and international investment in Australia; the make-up of investors in major city ports in Australia; and the need to carefully assess foreign investment in critical infrastructure. Asset recycling in Australia is discussed. Factors identified from focus group discussions (in Australia) with key port stakeholders that help improve or act as obstacles to governance/policy, and that help improve or hinder management structures in ports, are also presented.
10. Alternative Ways to Finance Major Port Projects
Authors: Galih Waskitha W. , Prijadi Ruslan
Published: November 2019

Various alternatives of port infrastructure project financing are explored in the tenth chapter. The insights and perspectives of various Indonesian seaport industry stakeholders on financing of infrastructure projects are presented from findings from an online survey, focus group discussions and in-depth interviews conducted in Indonesia. A detailed case study of the New Priok Container Terminal One (NPCT-1) is used to illustrate how different scenarios of financing schemes would affect the project risks allocation, and the project value itself. The first scenario examines the project’s current financing structure – the contractual relationships between the project company, its sponsors, lenders and the government. The second scenario is built under a what-if assumption where the project is assumed to be financed under a Public Private Partnership (PPP) scheme with an annuity availability payments feature.
Isotope Identification Mechanisms Enabled by Swept-Wavelength Raman Spectroscopy
Authors: Zulick Calvin , Kunapareddy Nagapratima , Grun Jacob
Published: November 2019

Swept-wavelength Raman signatures have been measured for isotopic variants of polyethylene, acetic acid, and potassium sulfates. The swept-wavelength measurements produce two-dimensional Raman signatures which enable identification techniques based on changes in Raman peak amplitudes as a function of wavelength. In addition to the typical Raman peak energy shifts, which results from the change in isotope mass, three wavelength dependent mechanisms for isotope identification have been identified. Changes in the shape of the Raman signal, the presence and absence of Raman peaks over specific wavelength ranges, and changes in absorption of the Raman signal were observed as a result of isotopic substitution. These features provide additional specificity in the isotopic Raman signatures which suggests swept-wavelength Raman signatures will facilitate the identification of isotopes in complex and dirty mixtures. Measurements in the visible range suggest that the identification mechanisms are primarily evident in the ultraviolet, or resonance Raman, region.
Chemometric Evaluation of Ultraviolet–Visible (UV–Vis) Spectra for Characterization of Silver Nanowire Diameter and Yield
Authors: Todd Clifford S. , Chen Xiaoyun
Published: November 2019

The main tool used for routine screening of silver nanowire diameter and wire-to-particle yield is ultraviolet–visible (UV–Vis) spectroscopy. The normalized absorbance near 500 nm is generally taken to correlate with wire yield (lower absorbance means fewer particles and higher wire yield). The location of the UV–Vis peak near 375 nm is generally believed to correlate with wire diameter. These qualitative assessments are of unknown uncertainty. Improved microscopy-based analysis of wire diameter distribution and wire yield had recently been developed and were used to characterize synthesis products in parallel with UV–Vis data collection. Here we present results of leveraging this quantitative wire yield and diameter distribution data to quantitatively calibrate the UV–Vis methods for characterizing wire diameter and yield. Chemometric analysis was also applied to this UV–Vis data set and resulted in statistically significant models that can predict average wire diameter and wire/particle yield slightly better than the univariate method.
Environmental competencies for healthcare educators and trainees: A scoping review
Authors: Parker Gillian , Berta Whitney , Shea Christine , Miller Fiona
Published: November 2019

Background:

The health-care community has a responsibility to address the environmental impact of delivering health-care services. Educational programmes present ideal fora to confer ‘environmental competencies’ to future health system leaders, managers, practitioners and researchers. The aim of this review is to synthesise the literature on health-care competencies, education and training of relevance to issues of environmental sustainability and climate change in the health sector.

Methods:

We conducted a systematic review of English language articles on environmental competencies in healthcare in the MEDLINE, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL) and ProQuest databases published from inception to April 2019. Thematic analysis and descriptive statistics were used to synthesise the findings and develop a typology of environmental competencies.

Results:

Of the 902 unique citations, we identified 23 articles that met our inclusion criteria. Environmental competencies that align with general management skills were most frequent (40%), followed by research skills (37%). Three competencies specific to the environment (22%) were identified: resource stewardship ( n = 16), systems thinking ( n = 14) and social and environmental justice ( n = 7). The majority of work was identified in nursing, medicine and public health. Competencies were most commonly embedded in existing curricula or offered as new courses or workshops.

Conclusion:

Incorporating environmental competencies into education programmes will serve to raise awareness of, and advance the significance of, the health sector’s impact on climate change and environmental sustainability. Our findings that environmental competencies align with previously validated health-care competencies support the perspective that these competencies represent essential knowledge and skills for the health-care workforce.
On the dynamics of failure in organizational change: A dialectical perspective
Authors: De Keyser Bart , Guiette Alain , Vandenbempt Koen
Published: November 2019

How does failure emerge and develop during organizational change? As organizations are pushed for change, the notion of failure that relates to change becomes gradually ingrained in contemporary research. However, with studies having primarily added to the conversation from a static outset, extant scholarly work might not fully capture the transience that marks change in essence. This article contributes to the literature on failure in change by advancing a dialectical perspective, offering the scholarly community insight in the emergence and development of failure as happening in three processes. In a retentive process, change agents adhere to a change approach deemed successful in spite of alternatives emerging, causing tensions to gradually build within the organization’s social atmosphere. In a reactive process, looming tensions find themselves affirmed and flare up, instigating the display of a new change approach that is antithetical to the one initially adhered to. Finally, in a recursive process, organizational members collectively recall the positive aspects of prior failure, smoothening organizational change towards re-combinatory synthesis. Marking failure’s emergence and development as a dialectic, this article notes failure in organizational change to be as generative as it is deteriorating, paving the way for both success and failure to continuously remit.
Price Promotions Cause Impatience
Authors: Shaddy Franklin , Lee Leonard
Published: November 2019

In this research, the authors propose that incidental exposure to price promotions can cause downstream impatience in an unrelated domain. Specifically, price promotions trigger reward seeking—a general motivational state—and reward seeking, in turn, yields impatience. Seven experiments (N = 1,795) demonstrate how incidental exposure to price promotions can cause greater willingness to pay to avoid waiting (Experiments 1a and 1b), shorter actual wait times (Experiments 2, 3b, and 5), greater propensity to break a rule to save time (Experiment 3a), and greater discounting in a consequential intertemporal choice (Experiment 4). Consistent with this account, the effect is both more pronounced for people with greater reward sensitivity (Experiments 3a and 3b) and mediated by reward seeking (Experiment 4). Finally, a conceptual replication in a field setting underscores the external validity and managerial relevance of the findings (Experiment 5).
Native Advertising in Online News: Trade-Offs Among Clicks, Brand Recognition, and Website Trustworthiness
Authors: Aribarg Anocha , Schwartz Eric M.
Published: November 2019

Native advertising is a type of online advertising that matches the form and function of the platform on which it appears. In practice, the choice between display and in-feed native advertising presents brand advertisers and online news publishers with conflicting objectives. Advertisers face a trade-off between ad clicks and brand recognition, whereas publishers need to strike a balance between ad clicks and the platform’s trustworthiness. For policy makers, concerns that native advertising confuses customers prompted the U.S. Federal Trade Commission to issue guidelines for disclosing native ads. This research aims to understand how consumers respond to native ads versus display ads and to different styles of native ad disclosures, using randomized online and field experiments combining behavioral clickstream, eye movement, and survey response data. The results show that when the position of an ad on a news page is controlled for, a native ad generates a higher click-through rate because it better resembles the surrounding editorial content. However, a display ad leads to more visual attention, brand recognition, and trustworthiness for the website than a native ad.
Is Research on Transgender Children What It Seems? Comments on Recent Research on Transgender Children with High Levels of Parental Support
Authors: Schumm Walter R. , Crawford Duane W.
Published: November 2019

Recent research on transgender children who have had support from their parents for their transitioning has concluded that their mental health is virtually no different than that of nontransgender children. Such research has been extensively cited, over 370 times in the past three years. Most of the hundreds of reviews received the stated results of the studies with little caution. However, the research featured numerous statistical errors and omissions, the implications of which would likely lead neutral observers to conclude that the mental health of transgender children, even when supported by their parents, was poorer than that of the groups of control children. In particular, levels of anxiety as reported by both parents and their transgender children appear to be significantly higher, and the transgender children’s reports of self-worth appear to be significantly lower. Although reports regarding depression are not as significantly different, the effect sizes were generally in a similar direction as the other outcomes, being less favorable for the transgender children. Such issues highlight the need for careful examination of statistical research, even when published in highly regarded medical journals. As with other research, findings from the early stages of controversial research may often be premature. Further research is needed to explore factors underlying these results.

Some scholars have believed that if transgender children were supported by their parents before the children reached puberty, the generally higher rates of mental illness experienced by many transgender persons might be prevented or alleviated. Dr. Kristina Olson of the Department of Psychology at the University of Seattle was the first scholar to have studied groups of transgender children who were being supported by their parents and to have compared them to a control group of children and to siblings of the same transgender children. Her conclusion was that there were minimal, if any, differences in anxiety, depression, and self-worth among the groups of children; her research has since been cited extensively as having found just that. We reanalyzed her raw data and found that, to the contrary, the transgender children, even when supported by their parents, had significantly lower average scores on anxiety and self-worth. Often, a significantly higher percentage of transgender children, compared to controls, featured preclinical or clinical levels of anxiety. Parental support of transgender children may temporarily reduce levels of poor mental health for some transgender children, but it does not appear to eliminate those problems for all transgender children. Our findings should serve as a warning against accepting research at a surface level, which can lead to acceptance of invalid information and pursuit of ineffective interventions.
Formation control for multi-UAVs systems based on Kullback-Leibler divergence
Authors: Liao Wei , Wei Xiaohui , Lai Jizhou , Sun Hao
Published: November 2019

This paper presents a formation control method for multi unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) systems. The first step is to design two probability density functions describing to the desired formation and current formation, respectively. Then, through minimizing the Kullback-Leibler divergence, this method is able to bring the UAVs to a desired formation and stabilizes the desired formation in all initial conditions except the case where a pair of UAVs are in the same initial position. The gradient of Kullback-Leibler divergence is calculated using Monte Carlo method, by means of which it is not necessary to preplan route for every UAV and to take extra measure to avoid collisions between any two UAVs during the motion. At the end of this paper, the proposed method is adopted to carry out to some numerical simulations in a two-dimensional space and a three-dimensional space, respectively, to illustrate the effectiveness of the method. Conclusions show that the formation of the UAVs can converge to the desired formation under the control law proposed in this paper.
Improving organizational and working conditions for managers in the Swedish public sector: A conceptual model and evaluation of interventions
Authors: Härenstam Annika , Pousette Anders , Berntson Erik
Published: November 2019

The demands on managers seem to have increased as a consequence of management reforms. This study evaluates interventions aimed at improving working conditions and performance of managers in the Swedish public sector by changing organizational conditions. Six intervention organizations were compared to 34 reference organizations. Organizational conditions relevant for managerial work were surveyed and the results presented to the management teams who decided on the action plans and implemented changes. Fidelity to the intentions and contextual circumstances were documented. A psychometrically tested questionnaire was used for pre- and post-measurements of effects among a sample of 303 managers. The results showed that the interventions were associated with changes in managers’ quality of work and performance. The evaluation design made it possible to show that organizational conditions can be changed in order to improve the operations managers’ situation if there is fidelity to the intentions and support from the strategic level management.
CEO Advice Seeking: An Integrative Framework and Future Research Agenda
Authors: Ma Shenghui , Kor Yasemin Y. , Seidl David
Published: November 2019

In this paper, we review the burgeoning but dispersed literature on chief executive officer (CEO) advice seeking, which has important effects on strategic decision making, the CEO’s and the board of directors’ effectiveness, and firms’ entrepreneurial orientation, innovativeness, and financial performance. We synthesize research findings about the key features of CEO advice seeking and its antecedents and outcomes across multiple levels of analysis. On the basis of our review, we identify important research gaps and develop a future research agenda that outlines new research questions and empirical foci that extend the current scope of analysis. We also highlight promising new theories and underutilized methods suitable for this area of research. With an integrative review and research agenda, we hope to stimulate cross-fertilization of different lines of inquiry and encourage new research that shines a spotlight on the remaining puzzles of CEO advice-seeking research.
Health Lifestyles in Late Middle Age
Authors: Cockerham William C. , D. Wolfe Joseph , Bauldry Shawn
Published: November 2019

A growing body of work identifies distinct health lifestyles among children, adolescents, and young adults and documents important social correlates. This study contributes to that line of research by identifying the health lifestyles of U.S. adults entering late middle age, assessing structural predictors of membership in different health lifestyles in this understudied age-group, and examining net associations between health lifestyles, chronic conditions, and physical health. The data come from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1979 50+ Health Module. The analysis is based on respondents who answered the 50+ Health Module in 2008, 2010, 2012, or 2014 ( N = 7,234). The results confirm similar relationships between health lifestyles and structural factors like class, gender, and race that prior studies observe and also reveal a unique pattern of associations between health lifestyle and health status because of diagnosed conditions that impact health behaviors in adulthood.
Probable blueberry-induced haemolysis in a G6PD deficient child: A case report
Authors: Babu Tirin , Panachiyil George Mathew , Sebastian Juny , Ravi Mandyam Dhati
Published: November 2019

Background:

Blueberry is a North American native fruit increasingly popular as a source of health-promoting bioactive compounds. However, there is evidence in the literature stating that blueberries should be avoided in individuals with glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency.

Case Presentation:

We report the first case of a G6PD deficient child who developed haemolysis approximately after half a day following the intake of fresh blueberry. He presented with the complaints of the passage of orange coloured urine and hurried breathing. The child had haemoglobin of 7.9 g/dl on admission day and the laboratory results were indicative of haemolytic process.

Outcomes and Implications:

During the stay in the hospital, the child was managed conventionally, and he improved both clinically and symptomatically. The child was discharged after four days of treatment and diet counselling was provided to his parents.

Recommendations:

Our report should encourage further research on this fruit regarding the mechanism behind the development of haemolytic anaemia. Also, it is important in the case of G6PD deficient patients to take lifelong precautions to avoid the foods that can trigger haemolysis.
Taking sides and feeling caught: Communicative complications for immediate family members of estranged parent–child dyads
Authors: Scharp Kristina M.
Published: November 2019

Framed by family systems theory and social constructionism, the present study is the first to illuminate the experiences of immediate family members of estranged parent–child dyads. A thematic analysis of 27 immediate family members (13 siblings, 6 children, 4 spouses, and 4 parents of estranged parent–child dyads) revealed (a) 4 ways they discussed taking sides, (b) 3 messages that contributed to them feeling caught, and (c) 6 practices they engaged in to manage feeling caught. Findings suggest that immediate family members do not report feeling particularly agentic in the process and actively attempt to extract themselves from the parent–child conflict. Both theoretical implications and practical applications are discussed.
An anti-migration campaign and its impact on public opinion: The Hungarian case
Authors: Bajomi-Lázár Péter
Published: November 2019

During the 2015 migration wave, Hungary was a transit, rather than a target, country for migrants fleeing from North Africa and the Middle East to Europe. In reaction to this, Viktor Orbán’s right-wing populist government built a wall on the country’s southern border and launched an anti-migration communication campaign, portraying itself as the saviour of European, Hungarian and Christian values. This article reconstructs the messages and effects of this campaign. It finds that in a context of limited political and media pluralism, an anti-migration campaign may exert a significant impact on public opinion and political behaviour.
Comparison of estimation of cardiac output using an uncalibrated pulse contour method and echocardiography during veno-venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation
Authors: Bond Ottavia , Pozzebon Selene , Franchi Federico , Zama Cavicchi Federica , Creteur Jacques , Vincent Jean-Louis , Taccone Fabio Silvio , Scolletta Sabino
Published: November 2019

Introduction:

During veno-venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, cardiac output monitoring is essential to assess tissue oxygen delivery. Adequate arterial oxygenation depends on the ratio between the extracorporeal pump blood flow and the cardiac output. The aim of this study was to compare estimates of cardiac output and blood flow/cardiac output ratios made using an uncalibrated pulse contour method with those made using echocardiography in patients treated with veno-venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation.

Methods:

Cardiac output was estimated simultaneously using a pulse contour method (MostCareUp; Vygon, Encouen, France) and echocardiography in 17 hemodynamically stable patients treated with veno-venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. Comparisons were made using Bland–Altman and linear regression analysis.

Results:

There were significant correlations between cardiac output estimated using pulse contour method and echocardiography and between blood flow/cardiac output estimated using pulse contour method and blood flow/cardiac output estimated using echocardiography (r = 0.84, p < 0.001 and r = 0.87, p < 0.001, respectively). Bland–Altman analysis showed a good agreement (bias −0.20 ± 0.50 L/min) and a low percentage of error (25%) for the cardiac output values estimated by the two methods. The bias between the blood flow/cardiac output ratios obtained with the two methods was 5.19% ± 12.3% (percentage of error = 28.1%).

Conclusions:

The pulse contour method is a valuable alternative to echocardiography for the assessment of cardiac output and the blood flow/cardiac output ratio in patients treated with veno-venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation.
Compact models for adaptive sampling in marine robotics
Authors: Fossum Trygve Olav , Ryan John , Mukerji Tapan , Eidsvik Jo , Maughan Thom , Ludvigsen Martin , Rajan Kanna
Published: November 2019

Finding high-value locations for in situ data collection is of substantial importance in ocean science, where diverse bio-physical processes interact to create dynamically evolving phenomena. These cover a variable spatial extent, and are sparse and difficult to predict. Autonomous robotic platforms can sustain themselves in harsh conditions with persistent presence, but require deployment at the correct place and time. To that end, we consider the use of remote sensing data for building compact models that can improve skill in predicting sub-mesoscale features and inform onboard sampling. The model enables prediction of regional patterns based on sparse in situ data, a capability that is essential in regions where use of satellite remote sensing in real time is often limited by cloud cover. Our model is based on classification of sea-surface temperature (SST) images, but the technique is general across any remotely sensed parameter. Images having similar magnitude and spatial patterns are grouped into a compact set of conditional means representing the dominant states. The classification is unsupervised and uses a combination of dictionary learning and hierarchical clustering. The method is demonstrated using SST images from Monterey Bay, California. The consistency of the classification result is verified and compared with oceanographic forcing using historical wind measurements. The established model is then shown to work in a real application using measurements from an autonomous surface vehicle (ASV), together with forecast and sampling strategies. Finally an analysis of the model prediction error is presented and compared across different paths and survey duration.
Oesophageal ulceration in adult patients treated with doxycycline for acne vulgaris
Authors: Guo Yan , Li Hua-Ming , Li Chun-Xia , Zhu Wei-Qin , Wang Yu-Fang , He Ya-Hong
Published: November 2019

Objective

To report drug-induced oesophageal ulceration in adult patients treated with doxycycline for acne vulgaris.

Methods

This retrospective case series included data from adult patients treated with oral doxycycline therapy for acne vulgaris, who had presented with oesophageal ulceration at the Third People’s Hospital of Hangzhou between June 2016 and December 2017, and whose diagnosis was confirmed by gastroscopy. Clinicodemographic data were analysed, including symptom onset, endoscopy results, that were assessed for classic features of oesophageal ulceration. Patients were questioned regarding medication intake.

Results

A total of 12 patients were included (mean age, 23.50 ± 3.20 years), eight (66.67%) of whom were female. Based on history of medication and endoscopic findings, these patients were diagnosed with doxycycline-induced oesophageal ulceration. Most patients were found to have taken the medication at bedtime, just before lying down, and/or with insufficient water.

Conclusion

Doxycycline may cause oesophageal irritation when not taken with sufficient water, or taken just before lying down to sleep. Prescribing physicians should be aware of these issues, and instruct patients as to the correct method for intake of doxycycline.
Clinical characteristics of patients with atrial fibrillation suffering from pulmonary vein stenosis after radiofrequency ablation
Authors: Xu Lingping , Cui Lei , Hou Junlong , Wang Jing , Chen Bin , Xue Xianjun , Yang Ye , Wu Jine , Chen Jianhui
Published: November 2019

Objective

Pulmonary vein stenosis (PVS) is a serious complication in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) receiving radiofrequency catheter ablation (RFCA). We therefore examined these patients’ clinical characteristics in relation to PVS occurrence.

Method

We retrospectively analyzed the clinical symptoms, diagnostic procedures, and treatment strategies in patients with AF who developed PVS after RFCA.

Results

Among 205 patients with AF who underwent RFCA, five (2.44%) developed PVS (all men; age 44–64 years; AF history 12–60 months; 2 paroxysmal AF, 3 persistent AF). One patient underwent two RFCA sessions and the others received one. The time to PVS diagnosed by pulmonary vein computed tomography angiography (CTA) was 3 to 21 months. PVS symptoms included dyspnea and hemoptysis. Nine pulmonary veins developed PVS. Single mild PVS occurred in two asymptomatic patients and multiple PVS or single severe PVS in three symptomatic patients who underwent pulmonary vein angiography and stent placement. Symptoms in the three patients significantly improved after stent implantation; however, stent restenosis occurred 1 year later in one case.

Conclusion

PVS is a rare complication of RFCA for AF that can be diagnosed by CTA. Pulmonary vein stent implantation can remarkably improve the symptoms, but stent restenosis may occur.
Acute symptomatic seizure due to tacrolimus-related encephalopathy after liver transplantation: two case reports
Authors: Li Yao , Wang Haijiu , Han Dongdong , Wang Zhixin , Zhang Li , Yang Shiwei , Wang Qiang , Wen Hao , Fan Haining
Published: November 2019

Liver transplantation is suitable for acute and chronic liver diseases that cannot be cured by other methods. Immunosuppressants such as azathioprine, methylprednisolone, cyclophosphamide, cyclosporine A, and tacrolimus have been applied to prevent rejection after liver transplantation. Among them, tacrolimus is generally effective in resisting rejection, and its main adverse reaction is nephrotoxicity. Tacrolimus-induced seizures are rarely reported. The present report describes trismus, restlessness, and generalized muscle twitching in a 44-year-old man and a 59-year-old man who received tacrolimus after liver transplantation. Tacrolimus-induced epilepsy was diagnosed by clinical symptoms and video-electroencephalography. After the patients developed epileptic symptoms, they received intramuscular injections of diazepam and phenobarbital. When the symptoms were relieved, the patients were treated with oral levetiracetam tablets. The tacrolimus was immediately stopped, and the epilepsy symptoms gradually disappeared after treatment with sedatives and levetiracetam. The patients continued taking the levetiracetam for approximately 2 weeks. No evidence of seizures occurred during the next 8 months. Although tacrolimus is reportedly effective against rejection after liver transplantation, tacrolimus-induced epilepsy should be carefully managed to prevent death. Additionally, epilepsy may rarely occur in patients with a normal blood concentration of tacrolimus. Further study on the mechanism of such neurological complications is needed.
A novel LOXHD1 variant in a Chinese couple with hearing loss
Authors: Zhang Chuan , Hao Shengju , Liu Yali , Zhou Bingbo , Liu Furong , Zheng Lei , Ma Panpan , Liu Qing , Lin Xiaojuan , Yan Yousheng , Zhang Qinghua
Published: November 2019

Objective

To perform molecular diagnosis and genetic counseling in a young Chinese couple with congenital hearing loss.

Methods

Variant screening analysis was performed by PCR and direct Sanger sequencing or targeted next-generation sequencing of all known hearing loss genes. Novel variants were evaluated by PolyPhen2 and PROVEAN software tools to evaluate possible effects on protein function.

Results

We identified causative variants in the young couple: c.235delC (rs80338943)/c.299-300delAT (rs111033204) compound heterozygous variants of GJB2 in the husband and c.1828G>A (p.Glu610Lys, rs535637788)/c.2825-2827delAGA compound heterozygous variants of LOXHD1 in the wife. The LOXHD1 c.1828G>A variant has only previously been reported in a Mexican-American individual in the 1000 Genomes Project database. Using PolyPhen2 and PROVEAN, we speculated that the LOXHD1 variant c.1828G>A is potentially pathogenic.

Conclusion

We carried out molecular diagnosis in a young couple with congenital hearing loss, and identified different disease-causing genes in the two individuals. The LOXHD1 variant c.1828G>A present in the wife had not previously been reported in individuals with congenital hearing loss. We determined this to be a potential pathogenic variant, and a novel variant associated with hearing loss in a Chinese individual.
‘But He Has Broken Every Jar in the Place, as He Said He Would …’: Letters of Petrie to von Bissing: A Short Contribution to the History of Egyptology
Authors: van Haarlem Willem
Published: November 2019

The Archives of the Allard Pierson Museum in Amsterdam contain a stack of letters from W. M. Flinders Petrie to the German Egyptologist von Bissing, dating from between 1899 to 1911. Among other subjects, the letters refer to Petrie’s conflict with the French excavator Amélineau, his rival for the concession at Abydos, asking von Bissing to keep an eye on him. Furthermore, Petrie gives short reports about his work in Abydos, Heracleopolis, the Fayum and Memphis, sometimes with otherwise unpublished details. Personal details, complaints on the bureaucracy of the Service des Antiquités are other important subjects occurring in the letters.

[Formula: see text]
Long-term tolerability and nonvascular safety of erenumab, a novel calcitonin gene-related peptide receptor antagonist for prevention of migraine: A pooled analysis of four placebo-controlled trials with long-term extensions
Authors: Ashina Messoud , Kudrow David , Reuter Uwe , Dolezil David , Silberstein Stephen , Tepper Stewart J , Xue Fei , Picard Hernan , Zhang Feng , Wang Andrea , Zhou Yanchen , Hong Frank , Klatt Jan , Mikol Daniel D
Published: November 2019

Background

Efficacy and safety of erenumab have been evaluated in a comprehensive clinical development program resulting in approval for migraine prevention in over 40 countries to date.

Methods

This integrated safety analysis included four double-blind randomized trials and their extensions (up to three-plus years). Safety endpoints included exposure-adjusted patient incidences of adverse events, serious adverse events, and anti-erenumab antibodies.

Results

In all, 2375 of the patients randomized across the four studies received at least one dose of erenumab (70 mg or 140 mg), with cumulative exposure of 2641.2 patient-years. Exposure-adjusted adverse event rates during the double-blind treatment phase were similar to placebo, with the exception of injection-site reactions (17.1 vs. 10.8 per 100 patient-years), constipation (7.0 vs. 3.8 per 100 patient-years), and muscle spasm (2.3 vs. 1.2 per 100 patient-years). During the long-term extensions, adverse events reported were similar to those observed during the double-blind treatment phase, and rates of injection site reactions, constipation, and muscle spasm were reported at lower rates than in the double-blind treatment phase. There were two deaths reported, both confounded by pre-existing conditions.

Conclusions

This pooled safety analysis revealed a favorable and stable adverse event profile over time for erenumab with more than three years of exposure.

Trial registration

ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01952574, NCT02483585, NCT02456740, NCT02066415, and NCT02174861.
Granzyme A Participates in the Pathogenesis of Infection-Associated Acute Encephalopathy
Authors: Yamanaka Gaku , Morichi Shinichiro , Takamatsu Tomoko , Takahashi Ryou , Watanabe Yusuke , Ishida Yu , Takeshita Mika , Morishita Natsumi , Kasuga Akiko , Kanou Kanako , Oana Singo , Suzuki Shunsuke , Go Soken , Kashiwagi Yasuyo , Kawashima Hisashi
Published: November 2019

Objective:

The present study aimed to determine whether granzymes are implicated in the pathogenesis of infection-associated acute encephalopathy (AE).

Methods:

We investigated granzyme and cytokine levels in the cerebrospinal fluid of patients with acute encephalopathy or complex febrile seizures (cFS). A total of 24 acute encephalopathy patients and 22 complex febrile seizures patients were included in the present study. Levels of granzymes A and B were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and levels of tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), interferon-γ (IFN-γ), interleukin 1β (IL-1β), IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1RA), IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, and IL-10 were assessed using the Bio-Plex suspension array system.

Results:

Cerebrospinal fluid levels of granzyme A were significantly higher, and those of TNF-α and IL-1RA were significantly lower in the AE group than in the cFS group; however, no significant differences in the levels of granzyme B, IFN-γ, IL-1β, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, and IL-10 were observed between the 2 groups. In addition, no significant differences in granzyme A, granzyme B, or cytokine levels were observed between acute encephalopathy patients with and those without neurologic sequelae.

Conclusions:

Our findings indicate the involvement of granzyme A in the pathogenesis of acute encephalopathy.
Resource Use and Outcomes for Children Hospitalized With Severe Sepsis or Septic Shock
Authors: Odetola Folafoluwa O. , Gebremariam Achamyeleh
Published: November 2019

Objective:

To describe patient and hospital characteristics associated with in-hospital mortality, length of stay (LOS), and charges for children with severe sepsis or septic shock who often require specialized organ-supportive technology to enhance outcomes, availability of which might vary across hospitals.

Design:

Retrospective study among children hospitalized for severe sepsis or septic shock, using the 2012 Kids’ Inpatient Database. Multivariate regression methods identified factors associated with mortality, LOS, and charges.

Measurements and Main Results:

Of an estimated 11 972 hospitalizations for pediatric severe sepsis or septic shock, most hospitalizations (85%) were to urban teaching hospitals. Hospitalizations were more frequent among neonates and older adolescents than other age groups. Mortality was 17%, average LOS was 24 days, and average hospital charges were US$314 950. Higher mortality was associated with neonates, cumulative organ dysfunction, more comorbidities, and cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Longer hospitalization and higher charges were associated with neonates, more comorbidities, higher illness severity, invasive medical technology, and urban hospitals.

Conclusions:

Efforts to mitigate the substantial in-hospital mortality and resource use observed in pediatric severe sepsis or septic shock should be age-specific and focused on the influence of comorbidities and organ dysfunction on outcomes. Future research should elucidate reasons for higher resource use at urban hospitals.
Impact of a Critical Care Specialist Intervention on First Pass Success for Emergency Airway Management Outside the ICU
Authors: Fein Daniel G. , Mastroianni Fiore , Murphy Charles G. , Aboodi Michael , Malik Ryan , Emami Nader , Abramowitz Matthew , Shiloh Ariel L. , Eisen Lewis
Published: November 2019

Background:

There has been limited investigation into the procedural outcomes of patients undergoing emergent endotracheal intubation (EEI) by a critical care medicine (CCM) specialist outside the intensive care unit (ICU). We hypothesized that EEI outside an ICU would be associated with lower rates of first pass success (FPS) as compared to inside an ICU.

Methods:

We performed a retrospective cohort study of all adult patients admitted to our academic medical center between January 1, 2016, and July 31, 2018, who underwent EEI by a CCM practitioner. The primary outcome of FPS was identified in the EEI procedure note. Secondary outcomes included difficult intubation (> 2 attempts at laryngoscopy) and mortality following EEI.

Results:

In total, 1958 patients (1035 [52.9%] inside ICU and 923 [47.1%]) outside an ICU) were included in the final cohort. Unadjusted rate of FPS was not different between patients intubated out of the ICU and patients intubated inside of the ICU (689 [74.7%] vs 775 [74.9%]; P = .91). There was also no difference in FPS between groups after adjusting for predictors of difficult intubation and baseline covariates (odds ratio: 0.95; 95% confidence interval, 0.75-1.2, P = .65). Mortality of patients undergoing EEI out of the ICU was higher at each examined time interval following EEI.

Discussion:

For EEI done by CCM practitioners, rate of FPS is not different between patients undergoing EEI outside an ICU as compared to inside an ICU. Despite the lack of difference between rates of procedural success, patient mortality following EEI outside an ICU is higher than EEI inside an ICU at all examined time points during hospitalization.
Lipid Profiles at Birth Predict Teacher-Rated Child Emotional and Social Development 5 Years Later
Authors: Manczak Erika M. , Gotlib Ian H.
Published: November 2019

The fetal environment has been increasingly implicated in later psychological health, but the role of lipids is unknown. Drawing on the ethnically diverse Born in Bradford (BiB) birth cohort, the current study related levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL), very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL), and triglycerides in umbilical cord blood to 1,369 children’s teacher-rated psychosocial competence approximately 5 years later. Results of ordinal logistic regressions indicated that low levels of HDL, high levels of VLDL, and high levels of triglycerides predicted greater likelihood of being rated as less competent in domains of emotion regulation, self-awareness, and interpersonal functioning. Furthermore, these results generalized across ethnic background and children’s sex and were not accounted for by variables reflecting mothers’ psychological or physical health, children’s physical health, or children’s special education status. Together, these results identify fetal exposure to anomalous lipid levels as a possible contributor to subsequent psychological health and social functioning.
Assessment of Tidal Current Resources: Case Studies of Estuarine and Coastal Sites
Authors: Hardisty Jack
Published: November 2019

The potential for tidal stream power in North Western European waters is large and a number of axial flow, vertical rotor and oscillating hydroplane schemes are approaching full scale design and construction. The accurate determination of the available or potential fluid power is being addressed by, in particular, the regulatory bodies as they move towards the establishment of industry standards and the identification and designation of licensing areas. A generic formulation is developed here which utilises Admiralty tidal diamond data and the arithmetic summation of harmonics due to the lunar semi-diurnal, the solar semi-diurnal and (for shallow water and estuarine sites) the lunar quarter diurnal components. Numerical and sensitivity analyses show that the long term potential power is sensitive to the amplitudes of the harmonics but insensitive to the frequencies and phase differences. The results are applied to estuarine sites off Immingham and at Hull Roads in the Humber and to a shallow water, coastal site off Weston-super-Mare in the Bristol Channel. The results indicate that the shore side energy output from a small scale, meso-generation, 100 m2 capture area device with 60% efficiency varies from about 600 MWha–1 in the Bristol Channel to about 900 MWha–1 in the Humber where the ebb dominated tide flows for longer durations and at slightly higher speeds.
180 Years of Atmospheric CO2 Gas Analysis by Chemical Methods
Authors: Beck Ernst-Georg
Published: November 2019

More than 90,000 accurate chemical analyses of CO2 in air since 1812 are summarised. The historic chemical data reveal that changes in CO2 track changes in temperature, and therefore climate in contrast to the simple, monotonically increasing CO2 trend depicted in the post-1990 literature on climate-change. Since 1812, the CO2 concentration in northern hemispheric air has fluctuated exhibiting three high level maxima around 1825, 1857 and 1942 the latter showing more than 400 ppm.

Between 1857 and 1958, the Pettenkofer process was the standard analytical method for determining atmospheric carbon dioxide levels, and usually achieved an accuracy better than 3%. These determinations were made by several scientists of Nobel Prize level distinction. Following Callendar (1938), modern climatologists have generally ignored the historic determinations of CO2, despite the techniques being standard text book procedures in several different disciplines. Chemical methods were discredited as unreliable choosing only few which fit the assumption of a climate CO2 connection.
The re-making of Europe: The long view
Authors: Room Graham
Published: November 2019

This article starts with three commonplace judgements on the European Union – its success in healing the wounds of war, its failure to win democratic engagement and its vulnerability now to the seeds of disintegration. Setting these against the background of the High Middle Ages, and the original making of Europe, the article argues that each of these judgements is overly simplistic and for reasons that are closely interconnected. They are, moreover, the ‘high politics’ of European integration, expressing the concerns of political elites. Against these, the article proposes a rather different agenda, in relation to the following: social and economic justice; the turmoil, dislocation and hurt that European integration produces; the critical questioning of political elites; and the creative diversity of the Union. These are the ‘hot politics’ that matter to ordinary citizens.