bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
HTLV-1 Hbz protein, but not hbz mRNA secondary structure, is critical for viral persistence and disease development
Authors: Maksimova Victoria , Wilkie Tasha , Smith Susan , Phelps Cameron , Melvin Corrine , Yu Lianbo , Niewiesk Stefan , Green Patrick L. , Panfil Amanda R.
Published: June 2023

Human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) is the etiologic cause of adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATL) and encodes a viral oncoprotein (Hbz) that is consistently expressed in asymptomatic carriers and ATL patients, suggesting its importance in the development and maintenance of HTLV-1 leukemic cells. Our previous work found Hbz protein is dispensable for virus-mediated T-cell immortalization but enhances viral persistence. We and others have also shown that hbz mRNA promotes T-cell proliferation. In our current studies, we evaluated the role of hbz mRNA on HTLV-1-mediated immortalization in vitro as well as in vivo persistence and disease development. We generated mutant proviral clones to examine the individual contributions of hbz mRNA, hbz mRNA secondary structure (stem-loop), and Hbz protein. Wild-type (WT) and all mutant viruses produced virions and immortalized T-cells in vitro. Viral persistence and disease development were also evaluated in vivo by infection of a rabbit model and humanized immune system (HIS) mice, respectively. Proviral load and sense and antisense viral gene expression were significantly lower in rabbits infected with mutant viruses lacking Hbz protein compared to WT or virus with an altered hbz mRNA stem-loop (M3 mutant). HIS mice infected with Hbz protein-deficient viruses showed significantly increased survival times compared to animals infected with WT or M3 mutant virus. Altered hbz mRNA secondary structure, or loss of hbz mRNA or protein, has no significant effect on T-cell immortalization induced by HTLV-1 in vitro; however, the Hbz protein plays a critical role in establishing viral persistence and leukemogenesis in vivo.
Therapeutic Banding for Bleeding Duodenal Lymphangiectasias: A Novel Approach
Authors: Duve Robert , Robillard Kevin , Kanehira Kazunori
Published: June 2023

With endoscopic advancements, the number of detected intestinal lymphangiectasias has been on the rise. They are generally considered benign and incidental; occasionally, these lesions carry complications, and best management options need to be established. Bleeding intestinal lymphangiectasias should be considered a rare cause in the differential diagnosis for gastrointestinal bleeding. References in the literature primarily indicate surgical treatment in these situations. In this study, we report an uncommon case of a man with esophageal adenocarcinoma who developed acute gastrointestinal bleeding from duodenal lymphangiectasias that were successfully banded.
AVALIAÇÃO DA SUSCEPTIBILIDADE A ESCORREGAMENTOS TRANSLACIONAIS EM MAQUINÉ/RS E INFLUÊNCIA DOS DADOS DE CAMPO NA QUALIDADE DO MAPEAMENTO DE PERIGO
Authors: Franck Alessandro Gustavo , Menezes Danrlei de , Kobiyama Masato
Published: June 2023

Identificar regiões suscetíveis a escorregamentos e realizar mapeamentos das áreas de perigo são ferramentas essenciais na gestão de risco e desastres associados a esses fenômenos naturais. Uma das ferramentas mais utilizadas para a elaboração de mapeamentos dessas áreas é a modelagem numérica. Dessa forma, o objetivo do presente estudo foi caracterizar as unidades geotécnicas (UGs) na bacia hidrografia do rio Maquiné/RS, realizar o mapeamento de perigo e avaliar a influência dos dados geotécnicos coletados em campo na qualidade do mapeamento. Foi utilizado o modelo SHALSTAB, com a consideração da caracterização das UGs da bacia com dados obtidos através de análises de solo in situ e em laboratório. Assim, foram simulados três cenários: cenário-1: default (com os valores recomendados pelo SHALSTAB original); cenário-2: médio (com um valor único para cada parâmetro, sendo esse a média dos valores obtidos em campo); e cenário-3: discretizado (com os valores espacializados para cada UG). Através dos índices de eficiência utilizados (Índice de Acerto e Índice de Erro), os resultados obtidos demonstraram que o cenário-3 apresentou o melhor desempenho, demonstrando a importância da espacialização com as UGs e da utilização de dados locais para uma maior qualidade dos mapeamentos realizados com o SHALSTAB.
LOS PAISAJES DE LA CUENCA HIDROGRÁFICA DEL ALTO TAQUARI (MS) BRASIL, COMO FUNDAMENTO PARA LA PLANIFICACIÓN Y GESTIÓN DE ÁREAS PROTEGIDAS
Authors: Brito Rafael Martins , Chávez Eduardo Salinas , Garcia Patricia Helena Mirandola
Published: June 2023

La transformación acelerada en el uso y cobertura de la tierra como resultado de las actividades humanas ha modificado significativamente la matriz del paisaje y los diferentes ecosistemas. El papel de las áreas protegidas es cada vez más importante para la conservación del medio ambiente. En este sentido, la cuenca hidrográfica del alto Taquari es un claro ejemplo de la dinámica entre producción versus conservación. Por tanto, el objetivo de este trabajo fue delimitar, clasificar y cartografiar las unidades de paisaje de la cuenca, analizando sus principales características y relaciones con sus áreas protegidas. La metodología se basó en el uso de variables físico-geográficas, ordenadas y jerarquizadas en un proceso de cruce y superposición de información en SIG. Se identificaron cinco unidades de paisaje de primer nivel (localidades), 14 de segundo nivel (comarcas) y 28 de tercer nivel (subcomarcas). Las conclusiones indican que las localidades 2 y 3 son más propensas a la sustitución de vegetación natural por actividades agropecuarias y al desarrollo de procesos erosivos. Para consolidar la conservación de las áreas protegidas, se sugiere el estudio de indicadores como naturalidad, singularidad y fragilidad y la delimitación de zonas de amortiguamiento utilizando la cartografía del paisaje.
INVENTÁRIO E AVALIAÇÃO QUANTITATIVA DO PATRIMÔNIO GEOMORFOLÓGICO DO MACIÇO DE BATURITÉ (CE)
Authors: Silveira Andrea César da , Bastos Frederico de Holanda , Meira Suedio Alves
Published: June 2023

A região do Maciço de Baturité no Ceará (Brasil) possui configuração geomorfológica decorrente, sobretudo, de deformações crustais cretáceas, diversidade litológica e erosão diferencial. Cristas, domos rochosos e encostas formam mirantes que, assim como diversas cachoeiras, constituem importantes atrativos turísticos. Nesse contexto, este trabalho apresenta o primeiro inventário e a avaliação quantitativa de patrimônio geomorfológico realizados na região. O principal objetivo foi identificar locais de interesse geomorfológico com valor didático/interpretativo e turístico/recreativo para inseri-los em propostas de conservação e educação ambiental, visando contribuir para sua valorização e proteção. O inventário ocorreu por meio de levantamento bibliográfico/cartográfico, consulta a especialistas e trabalho de campo. Em seguida, foi realizada a quantificação dos valores patrimoniais (científico, didático e turístico/recreativo) e da susceptibilidade à degradação, o que determinou as prioridades de proteção de cada local. Ao todo, foram inventariados e avaliados 17 locais de interesse geomorfológico. Os valores avaliados ficaram classificados como médio, alto e muito altos; a susceptibilidade à degradação se revelou de moderada a alta; o cálculo das prioridades de proteção apontaram necessidade de proteção a curto e médio prazos. Esses resultados poderão auxiliar na proposição de medidas conservacionistas para a região, por meio de ações voltadas para o perfil de cada local.
Determinação do limiar crítico à ocorrência de incêndios no Parque Nacional de Brasília (Brasil) por meio da análise temporal utilizando índices espectrais
Authors: Silva Lucas Inácio da , Baptista Gustavo Macedo de Mello
Published: June 2023

O Cerrado brasileiro é um dos maiores biomas do Brasil. Infelizmente a pressão antrópica está agravando os processos de degradação do bioma e juntamente com os processos de estiagem, os eventos de fogo surgem como grande fator de preocupação. Devem ser concebidos ferramentas de monitoramento, principalmente os que envolvem os conceitos de sensoriamento remoto, antepondo-se ao fenômeno de fogo, mitigando os efeitos devastadores. Sendo assim, a presente pesquisa tem como objetivo a determinação do limiar crítico à ocorrência de incêndios por meio do diagnóstico das condições de verdor, umidade e senescência da vegetação utilizando da análise temporal de imagens “Sentinel-2” no Parque Nacional de Brasília, para isso, faz-se necessário a determinação quantitativa de cada condição por meio da análise de eventos passados, determinando o limiar de criticidade que condicione a região apresentar condições que favoreçam o início de um incêndio bem como a construção de um algoritmo, no “Google Earth Engine”. Á área de estudo é o Parque Nacional de Brasília, com o acervo de dados de imagens “Harmonized Sentinel-2 MSI: MultiSpectral Instrument, Level-1C” dentro do “Google Earth Engine”. O algoritmo visa construir um sistema de máscaras para remover materiais das cenas, bem como o cálculo dos índices NDVI, NDII, PSRI e dNBR, extraindo os dados por meio da máscara de pixels queimados. Foi possível identificar seis períodos de ocorrência de fogo, a extração de dados permitiu a determinação estatística do limiar, sendo esse 0,580 para o NDVI, 0,015 para o NDII e 0.150 para o PSRI.
Editorial
Authors: Arroyo Julio , Rotman Sofía Bárbara
Published: June 2023

Editorial
Investigación - Categoría B
Authors: VV. AA.
Published: June 2023

Premio ARQUISUR Investigación - Categoría B
Los trabajos presentados al Premio ARQUISUR Investigación son aquellos que derivan de procesos de producción del conocimiento, elaborados por docentes y/o estudiantes de las Facultades o Escuelas de Arquitectura de ARQUISUR, como parte de su actividad académica, independientemente de su fuente de financiación, si existiera.
La Categoría B contiene trabajos producidos en forma individual o grupal por investigadores formados con directores reconocidos en sistemas formales. En esta categoría se podrán aceptar tesis de posgrado que no hayan sido publicadas.
BATASAN KEWENANGAN MENGADILI SENGKETA PAJAK ANTARA PENGADILAN PAJAK DAN PENGADILAN TATA USAHA NEGARA
Authors: Sa'adah Nabitatus , Wibawa Kadek Cahya Susila
Published: June 2023

Hubungan antara wajib pajak dengan fiskus kadangkala diwarnai adanya sengketa pajak. Keluarnya undang-undang Pengadilan Pajak menimbulkan anggapan bahwa semua sengketa pajak, satu-satunya pengadilan yang mempunyai kompetensi menyelesaian sengketa adalah Pengadilan Pajak. Faktanya banyak sengketa di bidang perpajakan yang diajukan ke pengadilan lain selain Pengadilan Pajak salah satunya PTUN. Tulisan ini mengkaji batasan kewenangan mengadili Pengadilan Pajak dengan PTUN. Batasan kewenangan antara Pengadilan Pajak dan PTUN atas Surat Ketetapan Pajak dapat disimpulkan: jika terkait dengan jumlah rugi yang ditimbulkan atas SKP dan kesalahan prosedur terkait dengan hal-hal yang dapat diajukan gugatan sebagaimana yang diatur UU KUP, maka kewenangan pengujiannya ada pada Pengadilan Pajak, sementara jika gugatan yang masuk terkait dengan keabsahan kewenangan, dugaan penyalahgunaan wewenang dan perbuatan melanggar hukum maka PTUN yang memiliki kewenangan menguji.
ANALISIS URGENSI PENGATURAN JAMINAN BANK OLEH KOMISI PENGAWAS PERSAINGAN USAHA
Authors: Nurhayati Irna
Published: June 2023

Peraturan KPPU Nomor 2 Tahun 2021 (Perkom) mengatur kewajiban bagi pelaku usaha terlapor yang dikenakan sanksi denda dalam putusan KPPU serta mengajukan keberatan ke Pengadilan Niaga untuk menyerahkan jaminan bank kepada Ketua KPPU. Apabila jaminan bank tidak diserahkan dalam jangka waktu 14 hari, maka pelaku usaha tersebut dianggap tidak mengajukan keberatan. Tulisan ini mengkaji apakah pengaturan dimaksud dalam Perkom tepat serta diperlukan? Melalui penelitian normatif disimpulkan bahwa pengaturan tersebut tidak tepat serta tidak perlu. KPPU tidak perlu mengatur anggapan demikian, bahwa tidak diserahkannya jaminan bank dianggap tidak ada keberatan, karena sejatinya keberatan bukan ranah kewenangan KPPU. Anggapan seperti itu justru dapat bertentangan dengan faktanya, sebagaimana terjadi pada kasus Garuda yang mengajukan keberatan ke Pengadilan Niaga tetapi gagal menyerahkan jaminan bank kepada KPPU.
Sustainable Development in Danish Public Libraries
Authors: Skøtt Bo
Published: June 2023

In 2015, the United Nations adopted a program of principles, Agenda 2030, to create a more sustainable world and better the living conditions for people. In this ambition, culture plays a crucial role. As such, the world goals seem to be an obvious topic for Danish public libraries, but this has not been the case until recently.

This study is based on a mixed-method approach including document studies, semi-structured interviews, and participation in a practitioners’ conference. It finds that Danish librarians strive to make the world goals comprehensible and articulate the parent institution as local communicators. Libraries are shown to be correctives to current commercial structures, but apart from this display great variation in how far the various libraries are advanced in their sustainable transformation.

The study concludes that public libraries inform citizens about the ambition of the world goals as a starting point for adjustments in the citizens’ actions. Public libraries have ventured into unknown territory, where previous practices do not hold much status. Many library professionals lack this awareness, which is necessary for our understanding of the United Nations world goals as a library policy task.
CHATGPT and the Global South: how are journalists in sub-Saharan Africa engaging with generative AI?
Authors: Gondwe Gregory
Published: June 2023

Study purpose

This study explores the usage of generative AI tools by journalists in sub-Saharan Africa, with a focus on issues of misinformation, plagiarism, stereotypes, and the unrepresentative nature of online databases. The research places this inquiry within broader debates of whether the Global South can effectively and fairly use AI tools.

Design/methodology/approach

This study involved conducting interviews with journalists from five sub-Saharan African countries, namely Congo, DRC, Kenya, Tanzania, Uganda, and Zambia. The objective of the study was to ascertain how journalists in sub-Saharan Africa are utilizing ChatGPT. It is worth noting that this study is a component of an ongoing project on AI that commenced on September 19, 2022, shortly after receiving IRB approval. The ChatGPT project was initiated in January 2023 after discovering that our participants were already employing the Chatbot.

Findings

The study highlights that generative AI like ChatGPT operates on a limited and non-representative African corpus, making it selective on what is considered civil and uncivil language, thus limiting its effectiveness in the region. However, the study also suggests that in the absence of representative corpora, generative AI tools like ChatGPT present an opportunity for effective journalism practice in that journalists cannot completely rely on the tools.

Practical implications

The study emphasizes the need for human agencies to provide relevant information to the tool, thus contributing to a global database, and to consider diverse data sources when designing AI tools to minimize biases and stereotypes.

Social implications

The social implications of the study suggest that AI tools have both positive and negative effects on journalism in developing countries, and there is a need to promote the responsible and ethical use of AI tools in journalism and beyond.

Originality/value

The original value of the study lies in shedding light on the challenges and opportunities associated with AI in journalism, promoting postcolonial thinking, and emphasizing the importance of diverse data sources and human agency in the development and use of AI tools.
Pilipenkova Gora – eine Siedlung der Zarubincy-Kultur am Mittleren Dnjepr
Authors: Iarmulschi Vasile
Published: June 2023

Einer der wichtigsten Fundplätze der Zarubincy-Kultur im Gebiet des mittleren Dnjepr ist die Siedlung von Pilipenkova Gora. Sie liegt etwa 2,5 km südöstlich der Stadt Kaniw auf einer Landzunge am rechten Ufer des Dnjepr. Das Plateau, auf dem sich der Fundort befindet, umfasst eine Fläche von etwa 1,5 ha. Die Spuren der latènezeitlichen Siedlung erstrecken sich über das gesamte Gebiet des Vorgebirges. Pilipenkova Gora wurde 1945 bei einer von T. S. Passek durchgeführten Feldbegehung entdeckt. Im Jahr 1948 wurden hier archäologische Ausgrabungen durchgeführt, die die Identifizierung von drei (?) Wohnstrukturen ermöglichten, die der Zarubincy-Kultur zugeschrieben werden. Später, in den Jahren von 1966–1970, wurde die Siedlung von E. V. Maksimov ausgegraben und eine Fläche von 3000 m2 freigelegt. Als Ergebnis dieser archäologischen Untersuchungen wurden mehr als 30 Wohngebäuden und 100 Gruben aus der der jüngeren vorrömischen Eisen- und frühen Römischen Kaiserzeit entdeckt.
Rethinking the City in the Industrial Aftermath
Authors: Potkonjak Sanja , Škrbić Alempijević Nevena
Published: June 2023

Drawing on ethnographic studies of two postindustrial cities in Croatia, Sisak and Bakar, the authors analyse how the communities narrate their industrial pasts, address industry-related environmental fallouts and define the potentials of postindustrial urban life. They focus on diverse narrations and practices through which the formerly industrial communities make sense of industrialisation and deindustrialisation. Local understandings of (post)industrial urban life are grasped through the concept of socio-industrial memory. The concept highlights the fact that communities can have different ideas about similar socio-economic processes depending on the ways in which they conceptualise the present and futures of their postindustrial cities, but it also underlines that the process of industrialisation was orchestrated politically as an act of socialist modernisation. The article outlines shared features and investigates disparities of postindustrial city-making and, in doing so, underlines the significance of context-based interpretations of such transformations. In both cities, the shutting down of factories left the inhabitants without major providers of livelihood. In Sisak, deindustrialisation meant long-term unemployment, which triggered postindustrial nostalgia. For citizens of Bakar, socialist industrialisation is an environmental threat and a turn away from tourism-development prospects. The authors conclude that images of the industrial past change their meanings in relation to the present needs and fears of postindustrial communities, as well as their visions of alternative, hopefully brighter futures.
A Desirable Place to Live
Authors: Teleišė Aušra
Published: June 2023

This paper focuses on an unexpected, nonroutine and destabilising event – a fire at a tyre recycling factory, which occurred in the Lithuanian city of Alytus on 16 October 2019. It discusses how an environmental accident, which affected all residents of the city and their relationship with the environment, brought new meanings to the city. It analyses the lived experiences of the city residents as well as images, the transformation of values, social initiatives and movements that occurred in Alytus during the accident. This includes citizens’ involvement in the affairs of the city afterwards as well. The article concludes that the environmental accident mobilized the community and encouraged it to re-evaluate the meaning of the factory, and the aspects that make the city a desirable place to live.
WYKORZYSTANIE PRZECIERU Z KISZONEGO KORZENIA BURAKA ĆWIKŁOWEGO (BETA VULGARIS L.) DO PRODUKCJI CHLEBÓW GRYCZANYCH O PODWYŻSZONYM POTENCJALE PRZECIWUTLENIAJĄCYM
Authors: POSADZKA ZUZANNA , PAWŁOWSKA AGATA , KASZUBA JOANNA , PYCIA KAROLINA
Published: June 2023

Background. Gluten-free bread is nowadays a very important type of grain products. The growing knowledge of raw materials for its production allows also to improve technological quality and ensures this bread has characteristics of health-promoting food. The aim of the work was to develop a production technology and assess the quality of gluten-free (buckwheat) sourdough bread having the following variants: with half or all of the added water being replaced with fermented beetroot (Beta vulgaris L.) puree. The research included the determination of the total acidity of the first sourdough phase, the measurements of the dough fermentation process by means of a fermentograph and the physicochemical evaluation of the produced loaves of bread. Antioxidant properties of the finished products were also determined, broken down into bread crumb and crust. Results and conclusion. The analyzes conducted clearly indicated that replacing water with fermented beetroot puree had a positive effect on the fermentation of buckwheat dough, its overall quality and was characterized by higher antioxidant activity compared to the control sample. It was also proven that extending the fermentation of the liquid sourdough to four days had a positive effect on the quality of the final product.
STING agonist delivery by lipid calcium phosphate nanoparticles enhances immune activation for neuroblastoma
Authors: Feng Bo , Lu Xiao , Zhang Guangqin , Zhao Libo , Mei Dong
Published: June 2023

Neuroblastoma (NB) is a common solid tumor in children and infants, the formation and regression of which is closely linked to the tumor-host immune relationship. Stimulator of interferon genes (STING) agonists, particularly cyclic dinucleotide (CDN), have promising potential in NB therapy by generating innate and adaptive immune stimulation, thus leading to tumor control. CDN delivery in vivo is challenging due to the negative charge, hydrophilicity, and susceptibility to degradation by phosphodiesterase, which hinders the effectiveness of CDN. Thus, our study proposed four methods to load CDN into liposomes, using 2′,3′-cGAMP as the model drug. Lipid nanoparticles were prepared, followed by physicochemical characterization. Subsequently, cellular inhibition and immune stimulation were investigated. As a result, lipid calcium phosphate nanoparticles (LCP-NPs) possessed the highest encapsulation efficiency among the four preparation methods, with a diameter of 82.57±3.72 nm. LCP-NPs maintained size stability under refrigeration conditions at 4°C within 48 h. The surface of the liposome was positively charged. Compared to free cGAMP, LCP-NPs resulted in a slower release, enhanced cytotoxicity against tumor cells, greater activation of the cGAS-STING pathway, and increased expression of the immune factors. Taken together, these findings clearly demonstrated the effectiveness of the liposomal delivery system for cGAMP and provided a promising strategy for the treatment of NB.
Consumer assessment, in Ireland and the United Kingdom, of the impact of the method of suspension of carcasses from dairy-origin bulls and steers, on the sensory characteristics of the longissimus muscle
Authors: Moloney A.P. , Chong F.S. , Hagan T.D.J. , Gordon A.W. , Methven L. , O’Sullivan M.G. , Farmer L.J.
Published: June 2023

The objective was to compare the assessment of beef produced in Ireland from a 19-month bull or a 24-month steer dairy beef production system by consumers in Ireland (Cork) and the United Kingdom (Belfast and Reading). Carcass sides were suspended by the Achilles tendon or by the pelvic bone and 21-d aged longissimus muscle assessed using Meat Standards Australia protocols. Carcass weight and classification were similar for bulls and steers. Consumers in Belfast and Cork rated aroma liking, tenderness, juiciness, overall liking and the composite meat quality score (MQ4) similarly, but lower (P < 0.05) than consumers in Reading. Consumers in Belfast and Cork rated flavour liking similarly as did consumers in Cork and Reading, but consumers in Reading rated flavour liking higher (P < 0.05) than consumers in Belfast. Muscle from steers had higher scores for aroma liking, flavour liking, overall liking and MQ4 scores than bulls (P < 0.05). On average, pelvic suspension increased (P < 0.05) the scores for aroma liking and flavour liking compared with conventional suspension but increased (P < 0.05) tenderness, juiciness, overall liking and MQ4 scores only in bulls. Consumers in Reading rated striploin from the traditional Achilles tendon-suspended steers similarly to striploin from pelvic-suspended bulls (MQ4 score of 71.8 and 68.2, respectively). Beef from the latter system could replace the traditional steer beef in this market, thereby benefiting the beef producer and the environment.
The Therapeutic Frequency Profile of Subthalamic Nucleus Deep Brain Stimulation in Rats Is Shaped by Antidromic Spike Failure
Authors: Cassar Isaac R. , Grill Warren M.
Published: June 2023

The therapeutic mechanisms of subthalamic nucleus (STN) deep brain stimulation (DBS) may depend on antidromic activation of cortex via the hyperdirect pathway. However, hyperdirect pathway neurons cannot reliably follow high-stimulation frequencies, and the spike failure rate appears to correlate with symptom relief as a function of stimulation frequency. We hypothesized that antidromic spike failure contributes to the cortical desynchronization caused by DBS. We measuredin vivoevoked cortical activity in female Sprague Dawley rats and developed a computational model of cortical activation from STN DBS. We modeled stochastic antidromic spike failure to determine how spike failure affected the desynchronization of pathophysiological oscillatory activity in cortex. We found that high-frequency STN DBS desynchronized pathologic oscillations via the masking of intrinsic spiking through a combination of spike collision, refractoriness, and synaptic depletion. Antidromic spike failure shaped the parabolic relationship between DBS frequency and cortical desynchronization, with maximum desynchronization at ∼130 Hz. These findings reveal that antidromic spike failure plays a critical role in mediating the dependency of symptom relief on stimulation frequency.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTDeep brain stimulation (DBS) is a highly effective neuromodulation therapy, yet it remains uncertain why conventionally used stimulation frequencies (e.g., ∼130 Hz) are optimal. In this study, we demonstrate a potential explanation for the stimulation frequency dependency of DBS through a combination ofin vivoexperimental measurements and computational modeling. We show that high-frequency stimulation can desynchronize pathologic firing patterns in populations of neurons by inducing an informational lesion. However, sporadic spike failure at these high frequencies limits the efficacy of the informational lesion, yielding a parabolic profile with optimal effects at ∼130 Hz. This work provides a potential explanation for the therapeutic mechanism of DBS, and highlights the importance of considering spike failure in mechanistic models of DBS.
DE VENDERESAS Y TENDERAS DE TABACO. LOS GÉNEROS ULTRAMARINOS Y EL EMPRENDIMIENTO FEMENINO EN LAS PROVINCIAS EXENTAS (SIGLOS XVIII-XIX
Authors: Angulo Morales Alberto
Published: June 2023

Las obras de algunos jesuitas del norte peninsular del setecientos trazan alrededor de la mujer un discurso vinculado al desarrollo de una «cultura de consumo» de coloniales que hacía peligrar la continuidad de los esquemas culturales tradicionales. La literatura de época, los relatos de viajeros y la documentación notarial ayudan a calibrar la imagen que sobre la mujer emprendedora se genera en el horizonte cultural del largo siglo XVIII. Este trabajo se centra en el emprendimiento femenino expresado en la presencia activa de la mujer en el mundo (legal e ilegal) de la comercialización de los productos coloniales (tabaco y cacao). Bajo los títulos de venderesas y tenderas, los coloniales abrieron unos seguros niveles de ingresos a las mujeres que intervinieron en su comercialización y producción. Una sociedad que consumía ávidamente tales productos ultramarinos no básicos para la subsistencia de sus familias. En este sentido, las tenderas alavesas y vizcaínas, al igual que las «venderesas» de tabaco guipuzcoanas, serán el principal objeto de análisis. Estas mujeres —solteras, casadas o viudas— aparecen como titulares de un negocio, es decir, de una empresa (tienda o lonja). Las entrañas de alguna de estas tiendas (productos, créditos, clientela y contrabando) permitirá comprender con mayor precisión la relevancia de estas emprendedoras femeninas y el impacto de los coloniales en el área de las Provincias Vascas del XVIII e inicios del XIX.
Optimization of synthesis and characterization of palm shell-based bio-char as a by-product of bio-oil production process
Authors: Arami-Niya Arash , Abnisa Faisal , Shafeeyan Mohammad Saleh , Wan Daud W. M. A. , Sahu J. N.
Published: June 2023

In this study the optimum preparation conditions of bio-char were achieved as a by-product of the bio-oil production process from oil palm shell as an agricultural waste material. To investigate the possibility of utilizing bio-char as an adsorbent for wastewater treatment and other applications, a central composite design was applied to investigate the influence of carbonization temperatures, nitrogen flow rates, particle sizes of precursor, and duration on the bio-char yield and methylene blue adsorption capacity as the responses. Methylene blue was chosen in this study due to its wide application and known strong adsorption onto solids. Two quadratic models were developed for the responses and to calculate the optimum operating variables providing a compromise between yield and adsorption. From the analysis of variance, temperature was identified as the most influential factor on each experimental design response. The predicted yield and adsorption capacity was found to agree satisfactorily with the experimental values. A temperature of 400°C, nitrogen flow of 2.6 L/min, particle size of 1.7 mm and time of 61.42 min were found as the optimum preparation conditions and near to the optimal bio-oil production variables.
Process optimization in kraft pulping, bleaching, and beating of Leucaena diversifolia
Authors: Feria Manuel Javier , García Juan Carlos , Pérez Antonio , Gomide José Lívio , Colodette Jorge Luiz , López Francisco
Published: June 2023

A variety of the Leucaena genus, Leucaena diversifolia, was used for pulp and paper making by kraft and refining processes and a OD(EP)DP bleaching sequence. The same species has been suggested as an energy crop and, in fact, this species used shows a high gross heating value; besides, this variety of Leucaena has appropriate characteristics for pulp and paper making. The holocellulose content was higher than Eucalyptus globulus, and ash and lignin contents were comparable to other varieties of Leucaena. Pulps with a kappa number between 17 and 18, and 21.4 cP viscosity were obtained using an active alkali concentration of 31%. Also, paper sheets showed good strength properties, comparable or even greater than those obtained with Eucalyptus or others varieties of Leucaena at comparable refining degrees, between 30 and 40 ºSR. The pulp was successfully bleached in all cases with a kappa number below 1.5 in the EP stage and a value of brightness higher than 90%.
Pre-flocculation of precipitated calcium carbonate filler by cationic starch for highly filled mechanical grade paper
Authors: Sang Yizhou , McQuaid Michael , Englezos Peter
Published: June 2023

Three commercial starches were evaluated in conjunction with colloidal silica and flocculant to retain precipitated calcium carbonate (PCC) filler. A unique feature of this study was the fact that the filler was pre-flocculated by a portion of starch (2kg starch/t PCC) and the rest of the starch was added after the flocculant but before the silica. The pulp used was peroxide bleached thermo-mechanical pulp (TMP). A statistical design methodology was employed and empirical process models were constructed based on the analysis of variance (ANOVA) results. The models were then employed to predict the retention and drainage. It was found that the high-charged cationic starch gave the highest retention and best drainage performance. The high-charged cationic starch S880 also resulted in stronger paper, probably because of the larger and stronger flocs produced and its higher affinity with the fiber and fines. Finally, pre-flocculation was found to provide stronger paper compared with a conventional starch/retention aid addition sequence.
Biogas production by encapsulated methane-producing bacteria
Authors: Youngsukkasem Supansa , Rakshit Sudip K. , Taherzadeh Mohammad J.
Published: June 2023

Encapsulation of methane-producing bacteria was carried out with the objective of enhancing the rate of biogas production. Encapsulation with a one-step liquid-droplet-forming technique was employed for the natural membrane, resulting in spherical capsules with an average diameter and a membrane thickness of 4.3 and 0.2 mm, respectively. The capsules were made from alginate, using chitosan or Ca2+ as counter-ions, together with the addition of carboxymethylcellulose (CMC). A Durapore® membrane (hydrophilic PVDF) with a pore size of 0.1 µm was used for synthetic encapsulating sachets having width and length dimensions 3×3 and 3×6 cm2 for holding the bacteria. During the digesting process, the dissolved substrates penetrated through the capsule membrane, and biogas inside the capsules was able to escape by diffusion. The results indicate encapsulation to be a promising method of digestion, with a high density of anaerobic bacteria. The method holds considerable potential for further development of membranes and their applications.
Ideación suicida en adolescentes y adultos jóvenes de América Latina y el Caribe: scoping review
Authors: Caro Delgado Angela Gissette , Ballesteros-Cabrera Magnolia del Pilar
Published: June 2023

Objetivo Identificar factores sociales, interpersonales e individuales asociados a la ideación suicida en adolescentes y adultos jóvenes de América Latina y el Caribe.
Método El tipo de estudio corresponde a una scoping review. Se construyó una ecuación de búsqueda a partir de la estrategia PCC que incluye elementos relacionados con Participantes, Concepto y Contexto. La búsqueda se realizó en las bases de datos Scopus, SAGE y Embase durante los últimos 7 años.
Resultados Se analizaron un total de 44 artículos. La ideación suicida se relacionó con la regulación emocional, el estado de ánimo, el consumo de drogas, el género, los problemas económicos, el apoyo familiar, la violencia, la ruptura con la pareja romántica, la religión y el apoyo social.
Conclusiones Se identificó que los factores individuales vinculados con la ideación suicida son el afecto positivo bajo, el afecto negativo alto, el estado de ánimo deprimido,  la ansiedad, la inteligencia emocional, el abuso de alcohol, el consumo de tabaco, la impulsividad, el género femenino y las conductas suicidas. Los factores sociales son el hambre, la pobreza, la violencia, los problemas económicos, la calidad de vida, la clase económica, la religión y el apoyo social limitado. Por último, los factores interpersonales son el apoyo y el funcionamiento familiar, el apoyo de personas significativas, el apoyo de la escuela y de amigos, la ruptura con la pareja romántica, el bajo apoyo de los padres.
Screening of antibacterial and antioxidant activities of marine fungi isolated from the North Sea of Vietnam
Authors: Ngo Thi Duy Ngoc , Phan Thi Hoai Trinh , Dinh Thanh Trung , Yurchenko Anton N. , Huynh Hoang Nhu Khanh , Le Dinh Hung , Vo Thi Dieu Trang , Le Thi Hoa , Pham Duc Thinh
Published: June 2023

Marine fungi are recognized as a rich source of pharmacologically active secondary metabolites, different from terrestrial fungi. This study aimed to assess the antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of 61 marine fungal strains isolated from 34 samples collected in the research journey of the Akademik Oparin vessel in the North Sea of Vietnam in 2021. Of these, 23 were from sponges, 21 from seaweeds, 15 from sediments, and only 2 from seawater. The antimicrobial screening results showed that 75.4% (n = 46) of fungal strains exhibited inhibitory activity against at least one test microorganism. The antioxidative properties results indicated the capacity for free DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) and ABTS (2,2’-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) radical scavenging of crude extracts with 32.7% (n = 20) and 93.4% (n = 57), respectively. Six isolates with potent antibiotic and antioxidant activities were identified as belonging to the phylum Ascomycota and affiliated with five genera. Our findings indicated that these marine fungi could be impressive sources of multi-functional bioactive compounds and may find applications in the pharmaceutical industry.
Frequent occurrence of tetrodotoxin in the marine gastropod \(\textit{Nassarius glans}\) causing a food poisoning in Khanh Hoa province, Vietnam in 2020
Authors: Ha Dao Viet , Le Ho Khanh Hy , Pham Xuan Ky , Bui Quang Nghi , Nguyen Phuong Anh , Phan Bao Vy , Doan Thi Thiet
Published: June 2023

A fatal neurotoxic poisoning case happened in Khanh Hoa province in 2020 after eating a certain number of marine gastropods, later identified as Nassarius glans, one of the common marine gastropods in Vietnam. As the remaining causative food in the incident, 62 specimens were collected to examine tetrodotoxin toxicity individual variation and frequency of toxic specimens by using HILIC/MS-MS analysis. 100% of studied specimens exhibited toxicity (556 ± 821 MU/g) beyond the regulatory level of consumption (10 MU/g) for puffer(fish) recommended in Japan and extensive variation (18–4,046 MU/g). The result pointed out that only 5 g of soft tissue from N. glans (equivalent to 2–3 specimens) containing maximum toxicity detected in the present study may cause human death if consumed. Fhe first time, this study identified TTXs in the gastropods as a causative toxin in the poisoning in Vietnam. Moreover, 65.5% of studied specimens with high toxicity higher than 100 MU/g, including 16.1%, showing extremely high toxicity (> 1,000 MU/g). The results suggested that this gastropod is quite dangerous for human consumption and should be alerted to public awareness.
Evaluation of lightning warning technique with multi-source data for Vung Tau coastal area
Authors: Hoang Hai Son , Nguyen Xuan Anh , Pham Xuan Thanh , Pham Le Khuong , Nguyen Hiep Van
Published: June 2023

In this paper, the authors used multi-source data, including the electric field data observed by EFM-100C at Rescue Station No. 1 on the “Bai Sau” beach in Vung Tau coastal area for 166 days from May to October 2019; Himawari satellite data and Nha Be weather radar data and the GLD-360 lightning position data to evaluate the lightning warning method. Radar and satellite data were used to determine deep convective clouds. The GLD-360 lightning position data were used to examine the consistency of lightning location with the deep convective clouds. The “two areas” method was applied. The Area of Concern (AOC) has a radius of 10 km from the electric field measurement station. The Warning Area (WA) is 20 km extending from the outermost AOC area. Due to the influence of sea-salt aerosol on the background electric field intensity, the electric field threshold selected for a warning is larger than the absolute value (1.5 kV/m). The results showed that the probability of detection (POD), failure to warn (FTW), and false alarm ratio (FAR) were 86.3%, 13.07%, and 23.17%, respectively. The average time of lightning warning for the Vung Tau coastal area is 23 minutes in advance. The warning time is equivalent to that in some studies around the world. The value is suitable for practical application in lightning prevention on the beach and in the Vung Tau coastal area.
Synchronic and Diacronic Analysis of the Word Zauj in the Al-Qur'an/ Analisis Sinkronik dan Diakronik Kata Zauj Dalam Al-Qur’an
Authors: Ummu Hani Assyifa  , Mirwan Akhmad Taufiq
Published: June 2023

Abstract
A single word in the Qur’an may give many similar and sometimes different meanings. Determining the intended meaning of the verse has become a necessary matter. This research attempts to discover the different meanings of the word “Zauj” written in the texts of the Holy Qur’an and to discover the development of the meaning of “Zauj” throughout history; pre-Quranic, during the revelation, pasca-Quranic. This research uses both quantitative and qualitative methods using synchronic and diachronic analysis techniques. The primary data used is the word Zauj in the Qur’an and the secondary data use all related articles, especially the Tafsir al-Misbah. The results show that the word Zauj has six different meanings; husband, wife, couple, kind of plants, kind of animals, and kind of a group. And its meaning before Islam may refer to the mattress that protects from the weather. Its meaning in the modern period is divided into classical, medieval and modern ones.
Analysis of factors associated with sterile inflammation in women with pe receiving different antihypertensive treatment strategies
Authors: Muminova K. T. , Khodzhaeva Z. S. , Yarotskaya E. L. , Ziganshina M. M.
Published: June 2023

Systemic inflammation alongside endothelial dysfunction is considered to play a crucial role in PE pathogenesis. Endothelial dysfunction can be assessed by endothelial glycocalyx (eGC) damage. eGC is a superficial layer of cells associated with endothelial membrane that provides all endothelial cells functions. Its damage can be evaluated by the levels of its circulating components in blood. Patients with PE generally receive methyldopa (Dopegyt) solely or in combination with nifedipine (Cordaflex), and there is no understanding of their effect on proinflammatory state of blood vessels. Our study aimed to assess levels of IL-6, IL-18, TNFα, galektin-3 and homocysteine as well as levels of syndecan-1, eCG structural component, representing system inflammatory response and endothelial dysfunction development in blood of women with early- and late-onset PE receiving different antihypertensive treatment strategies. Eighty-two patients were enrolled into this interventional longitudinal pilot study. The comparison group included 15 patients before 34 gestational weeks and 15 patients after 34 weeks. Study subgroup 1 included 12 patients with early- onset PE receiving Dopegyt solely and 16 patients with early-onset PE receiving Dopegyt together with Cordaflex. Study subgroup 2 included 12 patients with late-onset PE receiving Dopegyt solely and 12 patients with late-onset PE receiving combined therapy. As for early-onset PE, only IL-6 demonstrated statistically significant differences in patients receiving both treatment strategies compared to control. Proinflammatory state was more profound in late-onset PE. IL-6 levels were significantly increased in late-onset PE treated with Dopegyt. IL-6 and TNFa levels were significantly higher in late-onset PE patients treated with Dopegyt + Cordaflex compared to control. Syndecan-1 levels were statistically significantly higher in patients with early-onset PE treated with Dopegyt solely. There were no statistically significant differences between the groups despite elevated mean values of syndecan-1 in late-onset PE. Galectin-3 and homocysteine levels did not differ significantly between the groups, representing lack of pronounced inflammatory response and endothelial dysfunction.
Associations of IL17A G-197A single nucleotide polymorphism with immunological parameters and structural changes of the brain in schizophrenia
Authors: Malashenkova I. K. , Ushakov V. L. , Krynskiy S. A. , Ogurtsov D. P. , Khailov N. A. , Ratushnyy A. Yu. , Filippova E. A. , Zakharova N. V. , Kostyuk G. P. , Didkovsky N. A.
Published: June 2023

Schizophrenia is a chronic mental disorder that is caused by a complex palette of genetic, epigenetic and environmental factors. Some of the important components of its pathogenesis are systemic inflammation and the dysfunction of immunity, which lead to neuroinflammation, contributing to development of structural brain changes. Earlier we have shown that increase in interleukin-17A levels is associated with morphometric changes and immune dysregulation in schizophrenia. IL17A G-197A (rs2275913) genetic polymorphism is involved in determining interleukin-17A secretion. The goal of this work was to investigate the associations between rs2275913 polymorphism, immune disorders and structural neurovisualization findings in schizophrenia to provide new insights into the immunopathogenesis of this disease. 60 patients aged 18 to 42 years diagnosed with schizophrenia were enrolled. 85 healthy volunteers were included into the control group. Multiplex assay was used to determine cytokine and chemokine serum levels. Rs2275913 polymorphism was assessed by polymerase chain reaction with electrophoretic detection of amplification products. A number of relationships between rs2275913 polymorphism and the immune parameters in schizophrenia were revealed. Carriers of G allele showed significant increase in IFNY, a key cytokine of Th1-link of adaptive immunity, and IL-8, an inflammatory chemokine. Also, increased levels of CXCL16 were observed in patients carrying the G allele. CXCL16 activates secretion of other proinflammatory chemokines and is involved in activation of Th1 adaptive immunity. Associations of heterozygous GA genotype with reduced cortical thickness in a number of areas of the frontal cortex in schizophrenia were found. Changes in cortical thickness in some of these areas, including middle frontal gyrus and orbitofrontal cortex, can be relevant to the pathogenesis of schizophrenia. The results highlight the importance of immunogenetic factors in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia and indicate that the rs2275913 polymorphism requires further studies as a potential biomarker of immune dysregulation and morphometric brain changes in schizophrenia.
Cytokine diagnostics in the prognosis of critical conditions in newborns born to mothers infected with COVID-19
Authors: Navruzova Sh. I. , Baratov S. S. , Nabieva Z. T.
Published: June 2023

The article is devoted to the development of a cytokine diagnostic method for predicting the development of critical conditions in newborns born to mothers with COVID-19, which is of great importance for health authorities when organizing specialized neonatology and pediatric services. Objective: to develop a method of noninvasive cytokine diagnostics for predicting the development of critical conditions in newborns born from a mother with COVID-19. The proposed method allows early diagnosis and prevention of the development of critical conditions in newborns, which is of great practical importance. The control of urine cytokines in dynamics determines the prognosis of the development of critical conditions, both in the early and late period of adaptation of newborns. As a marker of the inflammatory process and a key cytokine of bone resorption, IL-17A plays a complex role in the adaptation process of newborns born from a mother with COVID-19. Newborns born from a mother with COVID-19 have an increase in IFNγ and IFNα in the blood on the first day of life against the background of an increase in IL-17A by 1.48 times, which shows the risk of developing both infection and osteogenesis disorders. Activation of interferon status by the 7th day of life in newborns was established against the background of an increase in the key cytokine of bone resorption (IL-17A). A decrease in the urine of molecular markers of vascular endothelial damage – MSR-1 by 4.25 times was found in newborn children born from a mother infected with COVID-19. A decrease in VEGF in the urine of newborns was found, both with COVID-19 infection in the mother and in its absence. Non-invasive urine cytokine diagnostics allows achieving economic efficiency by reducing hospital beds, as well as medical efficiency due to minimal traumatization of newborns.