bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Vasopressin Response and Clinical Trajectory in Septic Shock Patients
Authors: Bauer Seth R. , Sacha Gretchen L. , Siuba Matthew T. , Wang Lu , Wang Xiaofeng , Scheraga Rachel G. , Vachharajani Vidula
Published: September 2022

Background

In septic shock, vasopressors aim to improve tissue perfusion and prevent persistent organ dysfunction, a characteristic of chronic critical illness (CCI). Adjunctive vasopressin is often used to decrease catecholamine dosage, but the association of vasopressin response with subsequent patient outcomes is unclear. We hypothesized vasopressin response is associated with favorable clinical trajectory.

Methods

We included patients with septic shock receiving vasopressin as a catecholamine adjunct in this retrospective cohort study. We defined vasopressin response as a lowering of the catecholamine dose required to maintain mean arterial pressure ≥65 mm Hg, 6 h after vasopressin initiation. Clinical trajectories were adjudicated as early death (ED; death before day 14), CCI (ICU stay ≥14 days with persistent organ dysfunction), or rapid recovery (RR; not meeting ED or CCI criteria). Trajectories were placed on an ordinal scale with ED the worst outcome, CCI next, and RR the best outcome. The association of vasopressin response with clinical trajectory was assessed with multivariable ordinal logistic regression.

Results

In total 938 patients were included; 426 (45.4%) were vasopressin responders. The most frequent trajectory was ED (49.8%), 29.7% developed CCI, and 20.5% had rapid recovery. In survivors to ICU day 14 (those without ED), 59.2% had CCI and 40.8% experienced RR. Compared with vasopressin non-responders, vasopressin responders less frequently experienced ED (42.5% vs. 55.9%) and more frequently experienced RR (24.6% vs. 17.0%; P < 0.01). After controlling for confounders, vasopressin response was independently associated with higher odds of developing a better clinical trajectory (OR 1.63; 95% CI 1.26−2.10). Medical patients most frequently developed ED and survivors more commonly developed CCI than RR; surgical patients developed the three trajectories with similar frequency ( P < 0.01).

Conclusions

Vasopressin responsive status was associated with improved clinical trajectory in septic shock patients. Early vasopressin response is a potential novel prognostic marker for short-term clinical trajectory.
In vitro and in vivo assessment of a novel ultra-flexible ventriculoamniotic shunt for treating fetal hydrocephalus
Authors: Emery Stephen P , Greene Stephanie , Elsisy Moataz , Chung Kaitlin , Ye Sang-Ho , Kim Seungil , Wagner William R , Hazen Nika , Chun Youngjae
Published: September 2022

Fetal aqueductal stenosis (AS) is one of the most common causes of congenital hydrocephalus, which increases intracranial pressure due to partial or complete obstruction of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) flow within the ventricular system. Approximately 2–4 infants per 10,000 births develop AS, which leads to progressive hydrocephalus, which enlarges the head often necessitating delivery by cesarean section. Most babies born with AS are severely neurologically impaired and experience a lifetime of disability. Therefore, a new device technology for venticuloamniotic shunting is urgently needed and has been studied to ameliorate or prevent fetal hydrocephalus development, which can provide a significant impact on patients and their family’s quality of life and on the decrease of the healthcare dollars spent for the treatment. This study has successfully validated the design of shunt devices and demonstrated the mechanical performance and valve functions. A functional prototype shunt has been fabricated and subsequently used in multiple in vitro tests to demonstrate the performance of this newly developed ventriculoamniotic shunt. The shunt contains a main silicone-nitinol composite tube, a superelastic 90° angled dual dumbbell anchor, and an ePTFE valve encased by a stainless-steel cage. The anchor will change its diameter from 1.15 mm (collapsed state) to 2.75 mm (deployed state) showing up to 1.4-fold diameter change in human body temperature. Flow rates in shunts were quantified to demonstrate the valve function in low flow rates mimicking the fetal hydrocephalus condition showing “no backflow” for the valved shunt while there is up to 15 mL/h flow through the shunt with pressure difference of 20 Pa. In vivo ovine study results show the initial successful device delivery and flow drainage with sheep model.
Between-Reporter Agreement Among Couples: Exploring Nonlinear Patterns in Marital Conflict
Authors: Nisanci Zubeyir , Nisanci Aslihan
Published: September 2022

This study compares self-reported and spouse-reported frequencies of various types of behaviors couples use in marital conflict using data from Turkish Family Structure Survey (2016), which included 9,636 couples. Existing literature reported low levels of agreement among couples. These studies measured between-reporter agreement levels among couples with linear models which report cumulative scores. However, we hypothesized that low levels of agreement reported in the literature might be due to nonlinear patterns in the self-reported and spouse-reported frequencies. To detect such nonlinear patterns, we compared self-reported and spouse-reported frequencies for each level (frequency) of using the types of conflict behavior styles we investigated. This allowed us to explore the patterns of agreement or disagreement at the low, medium, or high levels of using these conflict style behaviors. Findings of this study confirmed our hypothesizes. There are meaningful nonlinear patterns that are not detectable with cumulative comparative scores. There are also differences in these patterns across the types of conflict behaviors we looked at. For example, the nonlinear patterns we observed for aggressive conflict behavior types are different from the patterns for passive conflict behavior types. We also found that these patterns are different for husbands and wives. This paper highlights the limited capacity of linear models for exploring between-reporter agreement levels and it calls for the consideration of using nonlinear methods for these types of systematic investigation. The major limitation is the lack of analysis on the effect of sociodemographic factors on the observed discrepancies other than gender.
Predicting Depression Among Spouses of Ex-POWs: The Contribution of Exposure to Violence, Trauma, and Stress Through the Life Cycle
Authors: Dayan Hava , Solomon Zahava , Dekel Rachel
Published: September 2022

The current longitudinal study focused on predicting depression among spouses of former Israeli war veterans (combat veterans or ex-prisoners of war [ex-POWs]). The research examined the direct and moderating role of secondary trauma related to their husbands’ war-related experiences, stress related to being exposed to intimate partner violence in their relationship, being a second-generation Holocaust (SGH) survivor, and the effects of additional stressful life events (SLEs) since the end of the war. Wives of ex-POWs and combat veterans ( N = 129) participated in two time measurements. Spouses of ex-POWs were found to be at higher risk of depression and psychological violence. Psychological violence was a risk factor for depression. The three-way interaction among psychological violence, being a SGH survivor, and experiencing SLEs was significant. In addition, experiencing earlier stressful events had a protective effect. The findings suggest that the association between early exposure and additive exposure through life is a complex iteration of factors and does not necessarily follow the vulnerability perspective.
Intra-Urban Variation of Intimate Partner Violence Against Women and Men in Kenya: Evidence from the 2014 Kenya Demographic and Health Survey
Authors: Ringwald Beate , Tolhurst Rachel , Taegtmeyer Miriam , Digolo Lina , Gichuna Grace , Gaitho Mwangi Michael , Phillips–Howard Penelope A. , Otiso Lilian , Giorgi Emanuele
Published: September 2022

Although urban areas are diverse and urban inequities are well documented, surveys commonly differentiate intimate partner violence (IPV) rates only by urban versus rural residence. This study compared rates of current IPV victimization among women and men by urban residence (informal and formal settlements). Data from the 2014 Kenya Demographic and Health Survey, consisting of an ever-married sample of 1,613 women (age 15–49 years) and 1,321 men (age 15–54 years), were analyzed. Multilevel logistic regression was applied to female and male data separately to quantify the associations between residence and any current IPV while controlling for regional variation and other factors. Results show gendered patterns of intra-urban variation in IPV occurrence, with the greatest burden of IPV identified among women in informal settlements (across all types of violence). Unadjusted analyses suggest residing in informal settlements is associated with any current IPV against women, but not men, compared with their counterparts in formal urban settlements. This correlation is not statistically significant when adjusting for women’s education level in multivariate analysis. In addition, reporting father beat mother, use of current physical violence against partner, partner’s alcohol use, and marital status are associated with any current IPV against women and men. IPV gets marginal attention in urban violence and urban health research, and our results highlight the importance of spatially disaggregate IPV data—beyond the rural-urban divide—to inform policy and programming. Future research may utilize intersectional and syndemic approaches to investigate the complexity of IPV and clustering with other forms of violence and other health issues in different urban settings, especially among marginalized residents in informal urban settings.
The spatial impacts of the circular economy on carbon intensity - new evidence from the super-efficient SBM-DEA model
Authors: Chen Pengyu
Published: September 2022

With the signing of the Paris Agreement in 2016, countries began to explore new economic models to get rid of the high emissions and high pollution caused by the traditional extensive economic model. Circular economy (CE) is regarded as an important way to achieve carbon neutrality, yet there is little literature has explored the relationship between the two. This paper aims to provide evidence and suggestions for developing circular economy strategies in emerging developing countries such as China by exploring the relationship between circular economy and carbon emissions. In this study, urban carbon emissions were measured by using high-resolution carbon emission data and the circular economy of 285 cities in China from 2009 to 2018 was estimated using a data envelopment analysis (SBM-DEA) model based on a super effective slackness measure. Then, the spatial impact of the circular economy was analyzed based on the spatial Durbin model. The empirical results are as follows: first, carbon intensity shows a positive spatial correlation, with most cities clustered in high-high (H-H) and low-low (L-L) types. Second, it was found that CE has a significant negative impact on the carbon intensity of local cities and neighboring cities. Third, based on regional heterogeneity, CE has significant negative direct and indirect effects in central and western cities. In contrast, CE has only significant direct effects (negative values) in eastern cities.
Least Protected, Most Affected: Looking through Lens of Cross-border Migration in COVID Period
Authors: Ratha Keshab Chandra
Published: September 2022

The major thrust of the present article is to explore the gruesome sufferings of migrants with respect to detention and deportation, social stigma, income and livelihoods, lack of health services and digital divide by establishing the fact that an inclusive global migration governance supported with a prudent and forward-looking migration policy and a human rights dimension is the way forward to address the consequences of COVID-19. An inclusive approach to migrant health leaving no one behind during the COVID-19 pandemic deserves cynosure of attention to direct our public health efforts since there can be no public health without migrant health.
Assessing Combined Longitudinal Mentorship and Skills Training on Select Maternal and Neonatal Outcomes in Rural and Urban Health Facilities in Malawi
Authors: Blair Alden Hooper , Openshaw Maria , Mphande Isaac , Jana Oveka , Malirakwenda Richard , Muller Anna , Rankin Sally , Baltzell Kimberly
Published: September 2022

Introduction:

Despite successful efforts to improve clinical access and skilled birth attendance in Malawi, it still faces high rates of maternal and neonatal mortality. In 2017, the UCSF-GAIN partnership began a nurse-midwifery clinical education and longitudinal mentorship program. While it has received positive reviews, it is unclear whether routinely collected indicators can assess such a program’s impact.

Method:

A longitudinal review of the Malawian DHIS2 database explored variables associated with maternal and newborn care and outcomes before and after the intervention. Data were analyzed using generalized estimating equations (GEE) to account for facility-level correlations over time.

Results:

Quality issues with DHIS2 data were identified. Significant changes potentially associated with the GAIN intervention were noted.

Discussion:

The GAIN approach appears to be associated with positive trends in maternal and neonatal care. National summary databases are problematic, however, for evaluating targeted interventions and the provision of care to specific outcomes.
The Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on Health Inequities: A Photovoice Study With Nursing Students
Authors: Andina-Díaz Elena , Siles-González José , Solano-Ruiz MCarmen , Welch Lindsay , Delblanco-Ubiergo Gema , Serrano-Fuentes Nestor
Published: September 2022

Introduction:

The COVID-19 pandemic has an amplified impact on vulnerable populations. Also, aspects related to health inequalities are insufficiently taught in higher education. This study aims to promote reflection in nursing students on the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on vulnerable populations affected by health inequities.

Methodology:

A photovoice method was used. Undergraduate nursing students (Spain and United Kingdom) took and explained photographs using SHOWED models.

Results:

108 students participated. Two-domain summary themes were created: The COVID-19 pandemic has impacted ethnic minorities and socioeconomically vulnerable groups, and Proposals to respond to the negative impact on ethnic minorities and socioeconomically vulnerable groups.

Discussion:

The students identified negative health scenarios by linking COVID-19 with aspects of work, salary, and housing of these two specific populations. Holistic actions were also proposed to protect their health. As future health professionals, they must recognize these communities and work to eliminate inequalities.
Establishing Victim Services in an American Indian Tribal Community: A Needs Assessment
Authors: Koch Tracey A. , Anderson Michelle , Weaver Melody
Published: September 2022

Introduction:

American Indian/Alaska Native (AIAN) communities experience a disproportionate number of violent crimes compared with other populations. Tribal-based services for victims are lacking on smaller reservations. A needs assessment was conducted for a tribe in the Pacific Northwest addressing this issue.

Method:

Utilizing a framework of community-based participatory research (CBPR), a survey study was conducted with tribal members and local service providers. Survey A was composed of questions constructed by a tribal working group and Survey B questions were from an existing survey.

Results:

Tribal members ( n = 5) indicated violence was experienced by all and witnessed by 80% of participants. Service providers ( n = 17) perceived adequate but underutilization of resources.

Discussion:

The presence of violence in the community was confirmed. Services were not routinely accessed by members. Service providers indicated knowledge gaps in the community and cultural barriers for AIAN people. The study raised awareness of violence in AIAN communities and need for additional research.
Qualitative System Dynamics Modeling to Support Community Planning in Opioid Overdose Prevention
Authors: Sabounchi Nasim S. , Lounsbury David W. , Iftikhar Pulwasha , Lutete Priscila , Trajkoska Biljana , Estrada Weanne Myrrh , El-Bassel Nabila , Rapkin Bruce , Gilbert Louisa , Hunt Timothy , Goddard-Eckrich Dawn A. , Feaster Daniel J. , Huang Terry T.-K.
Published: September 2022

Purpose: We aimed to help community stakeholders develop a shared understanding of the opioid crisis through qualitative system dynamics (SD) modeling to inform local strategies for prevention and treatment. Methods: As part of the HEALing Communities Study-New York State, we used secondary qualitative data from community stakeholder interviews and coalition meeting notes to develop qualitative SD models that elucidate the interdependencies and feedback structures underlying the opioid epidemic in each community. Results: The synthesized model revealed multiple balancing and reinforcing feedback loops that influenced the adoption and reach of evidence-based practices to reduce opioid overdose and fatality. Conclusion: SD modeling is a novel approach to helping community stakeholders to see the inter-connectedness of actors, factors and sectors and the need for multiple mutually reinforcing strategies to avert opioid overdose and fatality. Social workers could play a key role in linking actions across sectors in such a complex system.
Admissions and Selection Criteria for Master’s Students in Music Education Degree Programs
Authors: Springer D. Gregory , Royston Natalie Steele , Allen Ashley D.
Published: September 2022

The purpose of this study was to examine music education faculty members’ perceptions of admissions and selection criteria for entering master’s students in music education degree programs. Using multistage sampling, we distributed a questionnaire to music education faculty at National Association of Schools of Music (NASM)-accredited institutions in the United States that offered master’s degrees in music education. Results indicated that music education faculty were involved in most admission decisions, and that transcripts, interviews, and letters of recommendation were the most common materials submitted for review. In response to open-ended questions, participants reported that their admission decisions are usually determined by four criteria: academic skills, demonstration of potential as a graduate student, demonstration of teaching ability, and less measurable indicators. This exploration of the admissions and selection criteria that music education faculty use when making admission decisions provides music teacher educators a greater understanding of this important transition point.
Foreign Military Intervention and Cabinet Government Stability
Authors: Pickering Jeffrey , Kisangani Emizet F.
Published: September 2022

Cabinet governments are the most prevalent form of democratic rule and studies of cabinet government duration are common. These studies tend to focus on the domestic influences associated with cabinet longevity, not the impact that foreign policy decisions may have. We begin to address this gap in the literature by analyzing the effect that one particularly visible foreign policy decision, the initiation of a foreign military intervention, has on cabinet duration. We argue that the consequential decision to send troops abroad and possibly into harm’s way holds the potential to reset a country’s policy agenda. Such a reset can, in turn, prove beneficial for cabinet longevity. In Cox proportional survival analyses of 563 cabinets from 26 European countries between 1946 and 2008, we find that foreign military intervention does have a significant impact on government duration. Governments that dispatched soldiers overseas on supportive or neutral missions lasted significantly longer than those that did not, even after controlling for numerous alternative explanations of cabinet duration. Research on cabinet stability would thus benefit from looking beyond the domestic conditions commonly associated with longevity. The impact of foreign policy decisions should be considered as well.
Severe Mental Illness and Family Involvement During Treatment
Authors: L. Perocier Vanessa
Published: September 2022

Treating clients with severe mental illness in community mental health settings can be challenging. Often, they lack solid intrapersonal support and have utilized surrounding resources to the best of their ability; yet, they still find themselves caught in the system of repeat treatment with no actual results. We can resolve these issues, which are amendable to family treatment and intervention, per previous research. It is essential for effective community mental health treatment that does not result in clients re-entering treatment on numerous occasions. Doing so could assist progress and advocate for inclusivity and emotional empowerment in identified clients—including their family members in treatment as a collective unit. This article proposes an ecological and systemic approach to mental health treatment for severe mental illnesses and provides treatment implications for clinicians.
Associations Between Children's Emotion Regulation, Mindful Parenting, Parent Stress, and Parent Coping During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Moran Megan J. , Murray Samantha A. , LaPorte Emily , Lucas-Thompson Rachel G.
Published: September 2022

Stress among parents has increased during the COVID-19 pandemic. Research prior to the pandemic indicates that parents of children who struggle with emotion regulation (ER) and who themselves are less mindful report more stress and diminished coping abilities. We know little, however, about these associations in the context of COVID-19. To prevent COVID-related deteriorations in parent well-being and child outcomes and to support parents during this potentially challenging time, it is important to understand the factors that are associated with increased stress as well as adaptive coping. This paper discusses the association between children's ER, mindful parenting (MP), parent stress, and parents’ coping with parenting during the pandemic in a sample of 217 caregivers of school-aged children (91.0% mothers). Results indicated that children's ER was associated with parents’ self-reported coping with parenting in the pandemic but was not associated with increased stress. Further, MP moderated the association between children's ER and coping, such that parents who were the most mindful and had children with better ER skills reported significantly greater ability to cope with pandemic parenting. Coping was lower for other combinations of ER and mindful parenting. These findings contradict those from before COVID, suggesting the relationship between children's ER and parent outcomes may differ in the COVID-19 context, and offering insights into which parents may be most likely to struggle with coping with pandemic parenting.
The Impact of Attachment Styles on Attitudes Toward Marriage: The Mediating Role of Emotional Intimacy
Authors: Park Cheolwoo , Harris Victor W.
Published: September 2022

Studies to identify the association between individuals’ attachment patterns and their marital attitudes are insufficient and necessitate more empirical study. The current study aimed to investigate the impact of attachment styles on attitudes toward marriage and the mediating role of emotional intimacy among 182 participants at a southeastern university in the United States. Differences in perceptions of the degree of emotional intimacy among securely, avoidantly, and anxiously/ambivalently attached participants were explored to analyze the mediation effect of emotional intimacy between attachment styles and marital attitudes. The research findings revealed that secure, anxious/ambivalent, and avoidant individuals tended to have different attitudes toward marriage. Their marital attitudes were mediated by the emotional intimacy levels associated with their attachment styles. Implications for educators, researchers, and practitioners are discussed.
Water Governance, Institutions and Conflicts in the Maasai Rangelands
Authors: Agade Kennedy Mkutu , Anderson David , Lugusa Klerkson , Owino Evelyne Atieno
Published: September 2022

Water scarcity in Narok county, Kenya may be attributed to demographic pressures, land-use changes, environmental degradation and the effects of climate change. This article combines methodologies from history and political science to investigate how local communities cope with water scarcity. In so doing, we consider how institutions, both indigenous and modern, mitigate conflict over access to and control of water sources. Cases are presented from sites of irrigation and development projects or plans. We find that climate change has little to do with water conflicts in Narok, but that more important factors are privatisation and commoditisation of formerly common-pool resources, and challenges and failures in modern water governance in mediating between Maasai (pastoralist) and non-Maasai (agriculturalist) groups. Indigenous governance institutions still have a place in conflict resolution and environmental protection.
Cyclin F, Neurodegeneration, and the Pathogenesis of ALS/FTD
Authors: Rayner Stephanie L. , Hogan Alison , Davidson Jennilee M. , Cheng Flora , Luu Luan , Morsch Marco , Blair Ian , Chung Roger , Lee Albert
Published: September 2022

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is the most common form of motor neuron disease and is characterized by the degeneration of upper and lower motor neurons of the brain and spinal cord. ALS is also linked clinically, genetically, and pathologically to a form of dementia known as frontotemporal dementia (FTD). Identifying gene mutations that cause ALS/FTD has provided valuable insight into the disease process. Several ALS/FTD-causing mutations occur within proteins with roles in protein clearance systems. This includes ALS/FTD mutations in CCNF, which encodes the protein cyclin F: a component of a multiprotein E3 ubiquitin ligase that mediates the ubiquitylation of substrates for their timely degradation. In this review, we provide an update on the link between ALS/FTD CCNF mutations and neurodegeneration.
Post Philosophies and the Doing of Inquiry: Webinars and WEBing Sessions Become a Special Issue(s)
Authors: Kuby Candace R. , Bozalek Vivienne
Published: September 2022

In this guest co-editors’ introduction to the special issue(s) titled “Post Philosophies and the Doing of Inquiry,” the authors share the backstory to the webinar series, information about the webinars and how to locate the recordings, and how WEBing sessions with our (former) students came from the webinar series. A list of articles and article titles for the special issue(s) are also included.
Tackling Oppressive Beliefs and Sexual Violence on College Campuses: Evaluation of an Innovative Theater-Based Intervention
Authors: Fleckman Julia , Brown Komal , Lederer Alyssa , Stoltman Sarah , Craft Timothy
Published: September 2022

Background

Sexual violence (SV) prevalence remains high among U.S. college campuses; prevention strategies may benefit from addressing socially oppressive beliefs, including racism, sexism, and heterosexism that all directly link to attitudes and beliefs related to SV.

Aims

The objective of this study is to evaluate the potential efficacy of a novel student-driven, theater-based intervention in shifting beliefs regarding racism, heterosexism, and SV.

Method

Data were utilized from paired pre- and posttest surveys ( n = 272) from undergraduate students, at a university in the Southeastern United States, who attended a student-driven theater production covering topics of SV, heterosexism, and racism. The survey included questions on rape myth acceptance, heteronormative attitudes and beliefs, perceived racism on campus, and relevant respondent demographic information.

Results

After viewing the theater production, participants demonstrated significant decreases pretest-posttest in rape myth acceptance, (Δ M = 0.04, SD = 0.25), t(261) = 2.57, p = .01, heteronormative attitudes and beliefs, (Δ M = 0.09, SD = 0.36), t(267) = 3.32, p = .0001, and an increased pretest-posttest in perceived racism on campus, (Δ M = −0.15, SD = 0.47), t(266) = −5.15, p < .0001. For rape myth acceptance and heteronormative attitudes and beliefs, no apparent differences were present by race, gender identity, sexual orientation, or year in school. Only White and mixed-race students’ levels of perceived prevalence racism increased when examined by race.

Implications

Findings from this study suggest that theater interventions may not only be an effective tool for addressing SV on campus, but also targeting other forms of discrimination, including sexism, homophobia, and racism among students.
Melatonin receptor agonist ramelteon alleviates experimental acute ocular inflammation via HIF-1Α/VEGF/E-NOS signaling
Authors: Usta Sofu Gulsah , Erzurumlu Yalcın , Karaca Umut , Candan Ibrahim Aydın , Savran Mehtap , Asci Halil , Hasseyid Nursel
Published: September 2022

Purpose

Ramelteon (RML) is a potent, selective agonist of the high-affinity melatonin receptor 1 and 2 receptors. In addition, RML is known to have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effects of RML on HIF-1α, VEGF and e-NOS signaling pathway in a rat model of endotoxin-induced uveitis (EIU).

Methods

Twenty-eight Wistar albino rats were divided into 4 groups as controls, lypopolysaccharide (LPS) group (5 mg/kg i.p.), LPS  +  RML group (5 mg/kg i.p and 8 mg/kg orally, respectively) and RML group (8 mg/kg orally). EIU was induced by a single intraperitoneal LPS injection. Histopathological and genetical analyses were performed.

Results

In histopathological analysis, LPS caused mild anterior uveitis characterized by increased surface area of iris leaflets and ciliary body due to edema, mild to moderate congestion, and inflammatory infiltrate 6 h following the injection. The pathological findings were reduced by RML. Higher inflammation levels seen in LPS group were significantly reduced in LPS  +  RML group. Also, HIF-1 α, eNOS and VEGF expressions increased in LPS and decreased in LPS  +  RML group.

Conclusion

RML treatment reversed the changes in the HIF-1α /eNOS/ VEGF signaling pathway in LPS-induced uveitis in rats, preventing the progression of the damage and showed positive effects.
Intravitreal fluocinolone acetonide implant for chronic postoperative cystoid macular edema – two years results
Authors: Chronopoulos Argyrios , Chronopoulos Panagiotis , Hattenbach L.O. , Ashurov Agharza , Schutz James S. , Pfeiffer Norbert , Korb Christina
Published: September 2022

Purpose

We report visual and anatomical outcomes of chronic postoperative macular edema treated with a fluocinolone acetonide intravitreal implant.

Method

Retrospective study of chronic, post-surgical CME treated with a fluocinolone acetonide intravitreal implant. Best registered visual acuity (BRVA), central retinal thickness (CRT), and Goldmann tonometry intraocular pressure (IOP) were assessed over 24 months. The need for IOP lowering treatment, top-up therapy during follow-up, and complications were also assessed.

Results

We analyzed 16 consecutive eyes of 16 patients with chronic, post-surgical CME treated with fluocinolone acetonide intravitreal implant. Surgical indications included cataract surgery, vitrectomy plus membrane peeling and combined phaco-vitrectomy. Baseline mean BRVA of 0.8 ± 0.65 logMAR improved to 0.60 ± 0.4 logMAR ( p = 0.02) at 12 months and to 0.7 ± 0.5 logMAR ( p = 0.32) at 24 months. At month 12, BRVA improved in 11 eyes, stabilized in 4 eyes, and decreased in 1 eye. At month 24, VA remained improved in 5 eyes, remained stabilized in 5 eyes, and decreased in 1 eye. Mean CRT decreased from 524 ± 132 μm at baseline to 389 μm at month 3, 347 μm at month 6, 355 ± 106 μm ( p = 0.0003) at month 12, and 313 ± 83 μm ( p = 0.0001) at month 24. At 12 months, CRT improved in 13 eyes and remained unchanged in 2 eyes. At 24 months, CRT improved further in 8 eyes, and stabilized in 3 eyes. Increased IOP (≥21 mmHg) was observed only in 4 eyes, all successfully managed with topical medication. No further side effects were observed in any patient.

Conclusion

Visual and anatomic improvements were achieved by a single fluocinolone acetonide implant with few side effects up to 24 months in CME eyes with a long and heavy prior treatment history.
Effect of telehealth interventions on anxiety and depression in cancer patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Yang Yufan , Huang Yingying , Dong Ning , Zhang Liping , Zhang Shuanghong
Published: September 2022

Introduction

Cancer patients not only experience a variety of problems associated with the treatment of their disease but also a range of psychological problems such as anxiety and depression, which may lead to reduced adherence to treatment and a lower quality of life for cancer patients. Telehealth interventions are widely used for cancer patients, and their effectiveness in improving anxiety and depression in cancer patients is variable and still contradictory.

Methods

Embase, Pubmed, Web of Science, PsycINFO, CINAHL Complete, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials were searched from inception to 19 April 2022. Data synthesis was conducted using STATA 15.0, and scores for anxiety and depression were calculated using standardized mean differences and 95% confidence intervals.

Results

A total of 13125 cancer patients from 68 randomized controlled trials were included in the systematic evaluation. The meta-analysis showed that the telehealth intervention had a significant effect on anxiety (standardized mean differences = −0.40, 95% confidence intervals: −0.6 to 0.2, p < 0.001) and depression (standardized mean differences = −0.48, 95% confidence intervals: −0.67 to 0.28, p < 0.001) in patients with cancer.

Discussion

Telehealth interventions significantly improved anxiety and depression levels in cancer patients compared to traditional care interventions. Breast cancer patients most often received telehealth interventions; electronic device-based and application-based telehealth interventions were more effective than online interventions; short-term interventions were more effective than medium-term and long-term interventions, and different outcome measurement tools led to different intervention outcomes. More high-quality research is needed to explore the effects of telehealth interventions.
The association between baseline circulating progenitor cells and vascular function: The role of aging and risk factors
Authors: Moazzami Kasra , Mehta Anurag , Young An , Dhindsa Devinder Singh , Martin Greg , Mokhtari Ali , Ghaini Hesaroieh Iraj , Shah Amit , Bremner J Douglas , Vaccarino Viola , Waller Edmund K , Quyyumi Arshed A
Published: September 2022

Background:

To investigate the cross-sectional and longitudinal relationships between vascular function and circulating progenitor cell (CPC) counts with respect to aging and exposure to risk factors.

Methods:

In 797 adult participants, CPCs were enumerated by flow cytometry as CD45med mononuclear cells expressing CD34 epitope and its subsets co-expressing CD133, and chemokine C-X-C motif receptor 4 (CXCR4+). Arterial stiffness was evaluated by tonometry-derived pulse wave velocity (PWV) and microvascular function was assessed as digital reactive hyperemia index (RHI).

Results:

In cross-sectional analyses, for every doubling in CD34+ cell counts, PWV was 15% higher and RHI was 9% lower, after adjusting for baseline characteristics and risk factors ( p for all < 0.01). There were significant CPC-by-age-by-risk factor interactions ( p <0.05) for both vascular measures. Among younger subjects (< 48 years), CPC counts were higher in those with risk factors and vascular function was better in those with higher compared to those with lower CPC counts ( p for all < 0.0l). In contrast, in older participants, CPCs were not higher in those with risk factors, and vascular function was worse compared to the younger age group. A lower CPC count at baseline was an independent predictor of worsening vascular function during 2-year follow-up.

Conclusion:

A higher CPC count in the presence of risk factors is associated with better vascular function among younger individuals. There is no increase in CPC count with risk factors in older individuals who have worse vascular function. Moreover, a higher CPC count is associated with less vascular dysfunction with aging.
Valuing and supporting the complex writing processes of emergent writers
Authors: Zurcher Melinda , Stefanski Angela
Published: September 2022

This collective case study sought to investigate the distinctive writing processes and productions of young writers within the space of a writers’ workshop. Based on video-taped observations, fieldnotes, writing samples, and teacher and student interviews, a description of preschool students’ writing processes began to unfold. Some might consider these preschool writing processes to be necessary stepping stones to more conventional writing, but this study makes clear the students already engaged in complex writing processes that may have distinct, valuable qualities to be encouraged and supported. The following research questions guided the data collection and analysis for this study: “How do preschool students create texts within a writers’ workshop?” and “How do these processes differ from past descriptions of the writing process?” These questions are significant, because much of the literature focuses on the writing processes of older students or specific aspects of the emergent writing process (e.g., rehearsal, transcription, dialogue), but this study attempted to describe preschool writing processes as a whole and then identify the dimensions distinctive to these early writers. The data collected in this study highlighted three tightly interconnected themes that reflected aspects of preschool writing processes: the use of illustrations to direct the story, play within writing, and the socialization of emergent authoring. All of these themes underscore how students were writing “in the moment” and creating a multimodal production. By valuing this entire production rather than only the finished written product, young students can view themselves as authors and take on that role.
Response mixture models based on supervised components: Clustering floristic taxa
Authors: Gibaud Julien , Bry Xavier , Trottier Catherine , Mortier Frédéric , Réjou-Méchain Maxime
Published: September 2022

In this article, we propose to cluster responses in order to identify groups predicted by specific explanatory components. A response matrix is assumed to depend on a set of explanatory variables and a set of additional covariates. Explanatory variables are supposed many and redundant, which implies some dimension reduction and regularization. By contrast, additional covariates contain few selected variables which are forced into the regression model, as they demand no regularization. The response matrix is assumed partitioned into several unknown groups of responses. We suppose that the responses in each group are predictable from an appropriate number of specific orthogonal supervised components of explanatory variables. The classification is based on a mixture model of the responses. To estimate the model, we propose a criterion extending that of Supervised Component-based Generalized Linear Regression, a Partial Least Squares-type method, and develop an algorithm combining component-based model and Expectation Maximization estimation. This new methodology is tested on simulated data and then applied to a floristic ecology dataset.
Education policy governance and the power of ideas in constructing the new European Education Area
Authors: Alexiadou Nafsika , Rambla Xavier
Published: September 2022

Twenty ye ars after the Lisbon strategy, education policy in the European Union (EU) is at a critical juncture, with a new set of strategic goals endorsed for the 2021–2030 decade. This article examines the complex interplay of ideas, institutions and actors, in articulating education policy priorities in the new European Education Area (EEA). Drawing on documentary reviews and interviews with policy actors in the European Commission and the Council of the European Union, we trace the rise and fall of policy ideas in the new framework. The negotiations over the definition of EEA reveal new tensions between and within European institutions over specific policy ideas, with “lifelong learning” and “gender” as the most controversial ones. Continuing, longstanding tensions between the education and employment fields remain, and present a difficulty for the construction of a comprehensive and cohesive education policy program.
The purpose and potential of entrepreneurship research
Authors: Wry Tyler , York Jeffrey G , Waldron Theodore L
Published: September 2022

In this essay, we argue that it is folly to stake the legitimacy and value of entrepreneurship research on the uniqueness of its theory. A better path is to orient around questions where we are uniquely positioned to create useful and important knowledge. To this end, we anchor on Venkataraman’s seminal definition and argue that entrepreneurship research should focus on understanding the outcomes of venture creation not just for founders, but also for other stakeholders and society as a whole. Moreover, we argue that generating robust insight into these questions requires contributions from multiple perspectives, and this makes our field’s theoretical diversity a great and under-appreciated asset. Drawing on the metaphor of “borderlands,” we argue that embracing and leveraging diversity can help to address important social and environmental problems while also laying a foundation for the unique identity so long sought by the members of our field.
A Medical-Legal and Psychological Systematic Review on Vitriolage Related to Gender-Based Violence
Authors: Barchielli Benedetta , Lausi Giulia , Pizzo Alessandra , Messineo Manuel , Del Casale Antonio , Giannini Anna Maria , Ferracuti Stefano
Published: September 2022

Attacks perpetrated using acid are a particular form of interpersonal violence, possibly one of the most heinous manifestations of Intimate Partner Violence (IPV). Acid attacks are mainly motivated by extramarital cheating, marital conflicts, women’s rejection of marriage proposals, and sexual advances. As these attacks are not well understood from a psychological perspective, we conducted a systematic review, following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, of 284 articles identified, 13 were eligible for inclusion. Three main focuses were identified: “Risk and vulnerability factors,” “Consequences and implications,” and “Interventions and treatments.” Acid attacks seem to be more frequent in countries where social and economic development leads to greater tensions over traditional gender roles like Bangladesh, Pakistan, and India. Identified risk factors were young age, low socioeconomic status, low educational attainment, ethnicity, unemployment status of the victim, alcohol, and drug use of the perpetrator. Among the main psychosocial consequences of acid attacks, isolation and social exclusion emerged. Additionally, the paper will discuss the role of mental health consequences and specific treatments from psychological, clinical, and medical-legal points of view.
Implementing Spiritual Care in the Pediatric Complex Care Clinic
Authors: Brand Emi Alisa Johnson , Shaw Martin , Galo Jessica
Published: September 2022

A project integrated a Clinical Pastoral Education Fellow into a clinic designed to treat children with medical complexity (CMC). The integration of a chaplain into the care team fulfilled the goal of increasing accessibility to spiritual care through a quality improvement project and seemed to positively affect patients and the interdisciplinary team itself. These efforts demonstrate the need for research to better understand the relationship between spiritual screenings, interventions, and outcomes for CMC patients.
Serum cytokine/chemokine profile and clinical/paraclinical data in COVID-19 deceased and recovered patients
Authors: Aghcheli Bahman , Behboudi Emad , Tabarraei Alijan , Razavi Nikoo Hadi , Rajabi Abdolhalim , Moradi Abdolvahab , Nakstad Britt , Tahamtan Alireza
Published: September 2022

Objectives: The induction of an intense immune response and cytokine storm is proposed to be central in the pathogenesis of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The study evaluated serum cytokine/chemokine profiles, and clinical and paraclinical data of COVID-19 deceased and recovered patients in Iran. Methods: The severity of disease, clinical data, and routine laboratory and inflammatory cytokine/chemokine responses were retrospectively explored in 60 in-hospital patients in northern Iran. Characteristics of those who deceased ( n = 30) were compared to recovered ( n = 30), and associations with serum levels of potential disease regulating pro- and anti-inflammatory mediators were studied. Results: The serum levels of IFN-γ, IL-1β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12, IL-17, IP-10, MIP1-α, MCP1, RANTES, and TNF-α were upregulated in all COVID-19 patients when compared to healthy and gender-matched individuals ( n = 30). Although with no significant difference between deceased and recovered cases, the serum levels of all cytokines/chemokines tended to be higher in the severely diseased non-surviving patients. Association analyses revealed that all cytokine/chemokine levels (except IL-10) significantly affect the disease outcome. Conclusion: This study provides more evidence for the association of cytokine/chemokine levels with the clinical course and outcome of COVID-19. More studies are needed to consider this measurement as an indicator of disease stage and strategy for treatment.
A post-COVID-19 proposal to apply artificial saliva substitutes to polish the cricket ball
Authors: Ferdinands René ED , Fuss Franz Konstantin , Sabnis Kashmira
Published: September 2022

The COVID-19 pandemic has caused administrators to issue a major change in the playing regulations of cricket. For hygienic reasons, the historic practice of applying saliva to polish one side of the cricket ball has been banned. Fast bowlers feel that this regulation will limit their ability to swing the cricket ball. Wax-like substances have been suggested as a replacement, but the concern is that they may generate excessively high swing forces, unfairly disadvantaging the batters. Instead, we suggest that artificial polishing substances that more closely resemble the properties of saliva, such as alpha-amylase, and mucin-based and Aloe vera-based saliva substitutes could produce swing forces on the ball that are more in keeping with the traditions of the sport. Wind-tunnel experiments will be necessary to develop suitable artificial polishing agents that bowlers can use at all levels of competition.