bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ensino na educação básica vol. 4: propostas e aplicações
Authors: Silva Ananias , Coelho Marcelo , Tamanini Paulo
Published: July 2022

Falar sobre processos de ensino-aprendizagem pode parecer repetitivo para quem é docente. Qual seria o sentido de recordar/repetir isso que nós [supostamente] já conhecemos? O hábito nos conduz a imaginar ser suficiente recorrer às velhas fórmulas dos manuais de Didática e/ou de Prática de Ensino para pôr em marcha uma suposta “mágica” educativa. A verdade é que não há mágica alguma. É certo que os saberes da profissão docente estão atados às nossas histórias e são frutos de uma elaboração na qual vida e docência se cruzam, e nesse bojo estão nossas crenças, costumes, hábitos, habilidades e todo o arsenal teórico-metodológico do qual lançamos mão para gerir os processos de ensino-aprendizagem. E se recordamos/repetimos temas tão discutidos por todos nós, é porque, com a presente coletânea, pensamos ser possível dar um passo a mais nas reflexões sobre o Ensino na Educação Básica.
HJB-INEQUALITIES IN ESTIMATING REACHABLE SETS OF A CONTROL SYSTEM UNDER UNCERTAINTY
Authors: Filippova Tatiana F.
Published: July 2022

Using the technique of generalized inequalities of the Hamilton--Jacobi--Bellman type, we study here the state estimation problem for a control system which operates under conditions of uncertainty and nonlinearity of a special kind, when the dynamic equations describing the studied system  simultaneously contain the different forms of nonlinearity in state velocities. Namely, quadratic functions and uncertain matrices of state  elocity coefficients are presented therein. The external ellipsoidal bounds for reachable sets are found, some approaches which may produce internal estimates for such sets are also mentioned. The example is included to illustrate the result.
Direct Ammonia Fuel Cells
Authors: Cai Andrew , Rozario Zoe
Published: July 2022

Ammonia will be utilised as a key energy vector for storage and long-distance transport in the developing hydrogen economy. Direct ammonia fuel cells (DAFCs) have the potential to decrease the process complexity of current fuel cell technology and therefore increase overall efficiency and unit footprint where implemented. In this paper, current DAFC technologies are explored, such as solid oxide, alkaline and ammonia borane fuel cells. From this, it is shown that solid oxide fuel cells with oxygen conducting electrolyte (SOFC-O) have high experimental power outputs of 1100 mW cm–2 but have disadvantages of high nitrogen oxides (NOx) production, lower fuel utilisation and low efficiency. Alkaline and ammonia borane fuel cells are of lesser interest due to complex ammonia pretreatment, high NOx production and lower power outputs of 450 mW cm–2 and 110 mW cm–2, respectively. Solid oxide fuel cells with proton conducting electrolyte (SOFC-H) seem to have the most potential due to high theoretical power outputs, high efficiency, increased fuel utilisation and low NOx production. DAFC technology has yet to reach full commercialisation, but as the hydrogen economy develops the potential benefits of DAFCs in complexity and footprint reduction will drive further investment and development, particularly in the shipping sector.
AN IMPROVED CORRELATION OF EVAPORATION RATE OF A WATER POOL DERIVED USING COMBINED ANN-GA
Authors: Bhendura Manish , Muralidhar Krishnamurthy , Khandekar Sameer
Published: July 2022

Empirical correlations are extensively utilized in applications such as the design of solar stills to estimate the evaporation rate from a pool of water. These correlations are based on specific experimental measurements carried out for a particular design and operating conditions. In a semiempirical approach, theoretical modeling is incorporated in deriving the expression for the evaporation rate. These models utilize assumptions such as zero temperature gradient in air and water and constant relative humidity in the surrounding air so as to circumvent whole field formulations. One such empirical correlation, called Dunkle's correlation, is improved in the present work by using a comprehensive ab initio approach in the background for estimating the evaporation rate, which incorporates two-layer natural convection with moisture transport for estimating the evaporative mass flux. The empirical and the ab initio approaches are compared to improve Dunkle's correlation in the inverse heat transfer framework. Here, the objective function is minimized using the combined artificial neural network-genetic algorithm (ANN-GA) tool. The uncertainties in estimating the parameters of interest are evaluated by sprinkling noise with a Gaussian distribution over the solutions of the comprehensive model. The improved Dunkle's correlation reduces the error in the predicted evaporation rate between 12% and 25%, depending on the water depth.
Management of Dyslipidemia after Stroke
Authors: Chang Yoon kyung , Song Tae-Jin
Published: July 2022

Dyslipidemia is a major risk factor for stroke, following hypertension, diabetes, and smoking. Treatment of dyslipidemia is important for the prevention and treatment of various vascular diseases, including stroke, coronary artery disease, and peripheral vascular disease. Statins, ezetimibe, and proprotein convertase subtilisinkexin type 9 (PCSK9) inhibitors have been shown to reduce the risk of stroke and cardiovascular disease in previous studies. When prescribing dyslipidemia drugs for secondary prevention of stroke, the combination, type, and dose of dyslipidemia drugs should be appropriately selected according to the patient's comorbidity and stroke subtype. In the case of statins, highintensity statin administration should be considered, but it is essential to take into account side effects, comorbidities, and individual characteristics of each patient. If the target low density lipoproteincholesterol level is not reached or inappropriate drug dosing due to the side effects of statins, ezetimibe or a PCSK9 inhibitor may be considered. Finally, statin discontinuation due to improper judgment may be detrimental to the patient in the longterm view.
Hypertensive Brainstem Encephalopathy Combined with Acute Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Kim Seon Jeong , Cho Ja Hyeon , Jin Bora , Kim Dae-Hyun
Published: July 2022

Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome is a clinicoradiological syndrome characterized by a unique reversible pattern on imaging and total regression of clinical symptoms and signs. Hypertensive brainstem encephalopathy (HBE), a brainstem variant of posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome, is rare. In addition, a concomitant occurrence of acute ischemic stroke and HBE is even more rare. We here report three patients with HBE accompanied by acute cerebral infarction detected by brain magnetic resonance imaging and the importance of initial blood pressure control.
CLOCC Patient after COVID-19 (BNT162b) Vaccine Improved by Steroid Treatment
Authors: Kim Hyunkee , Kim Nakhoon , Choi Saemi , Kim A-yeung , Choi Hojin
Published: July 2022

Cytotoxic lesions of the corpus callosum (CLOCC) are secondary lesions on corpus callosum caused by cytokinopathy of callosal neurons and microglia. Fever, headache, and digestive disturbances are common symptoms. Reversible and hyperintense signals on fluid‐attenuated inversion recovery imaging, diffusion‐weighted imaging (DWI) and decreased apparent diffusion coefficient are typical features of magnetic resonance imaging. Herein, we report a rare case of CLOCC caused by COVID19 vaccination (BNT162b) and discharged without no neurologic symptoms due to prompt treatment.
Recurrent Bacterial Meningitis Associated with Inflammatory Nasal Polyp
Authors: Kim Si-Yeon , Hong Jun Yeong , Na Sang-Jun , Yim Soo Hwan
Published: July 2022

In case of no head trauma history and intact immunity, adultonset recurrent bacterial meningitis is scarce. Parameningeal infection is the crucial latent cause of recurrent bacterial meningitis in adults. Nasal polyp can cause a variety of nasal symptoms, depending on its location and size. Chronic sinusitis with nasal polyp tends to have more severe symptoms than those without nasal polyp. We report a case of adult onset third recurrent bacterial meningitis associated with inflammatory nasal polyp.
Guillain-Barré Syndrome Associated with Shiga Toxin-Producing and Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli Infection
Authors: Kang Jaeho , Eun Jeong Ik , Hwang Hyunyoung , Yoon Byeol-A , Shin Kyong Jin
Published: July 2022

GuillainBarré syndrome (GBS) is the inflammatory neuropathy that affects the myelin and nodal or paranodal areas of peripheral nerves. Immunoglobulin G GM1 antibody is well known as the cause of GBS associated with Campylobacter jejuni infection. However, the relationship between other specific infectious agents and autoantibodies is not yet well elucidated in patients with GBS. Recently we have experienced a case with GBS associated with antiGM1 and phosphatidic acid complex antibody that occurred after Shiga toxinproducing and enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli enteritis.
Evaluating the Monsoon (Rainfall) Risk Profile for the Feasibility of Rainfall Derivatives Instrument in India
Authors: V. Bharath , N. Dileep , G. Kotreshwar
Published: July 2022

Indian monsoon rainfall has significant variations and unpredictability. Therefore, there is a need for suitable risk mitigation techniques to manage the monsoon risk. This paper aims to study the statistical properties of the monsoon (rainfall) risk profile of the meteorological subdivisions of India. A thorough examination of the monsoon rainfall's statistical properties will help to understand the monsoon risk problem and the feasibility of rainfall derivatives for India. The study is based on the empirical data of the South-West monsoon rainfall for the past fifty years of all 36 meteorological sub-divisions. The results reveal that the monsoon rainfall data has taken a wide range across years and sub-divisions reflecting that the variability has increased in recent years. This is particularly useful to design rainfall derivatives’ contracts. Therefore, the creation of the monsoon (rainfall) risk market similar to the temperature risk markets holds the key to effective management of monsoon risk in India.
MIDAS 2 Protocol v1
Authors: not provided miriam.goldman
Published: July 2022

The Metagenomic Intra-Species Diversity Analysis System 2 (MIDAS2) is a scalable pipeline that identifies single nucleotide variants (SNVs) and gene copy number variants (CNVs) in metagenomes using comprehensive reference databases built from public microbial genome collections (“metagenotyping”). MIDAS2 is the first metagenotyping tool with functionality to control metagenomic read mapping filters and to customize the reference database to the microbial community, features that improve the precision and recall of detected variants. Here we present four basic protocols for the most common use cases of MIDAS2, along with two supporting protocols for installation and advanced use. All the steps of metagenotyping, from raw sequencing reads to population genetic analysis, are demonstrated with example data in two downloadable sequencing libraries of single-end metagenomic reads representing a mixture of multiple bacterial species. This set of protocols empowers users to accurately genotype hundreds of species in thousands of samples, providing rich genetic data for studying the evolution and strain-level ecology of microbial communities.
Support Protocol 2: Metagenotyping with a Custom Collection of Genomes v1
Authors: not provided miriam.goldman
Published: July 2022

This protocol describes how to build a MIDASDB from a custom collection of genomes and perform SNV metagenotyping with it. Other MIDAS2 commands can also be run with the new database. Single-sample SNV metagenotyping is shown as an example. There are three steps: construct a custom rep-genome database for a collection of representative genomes of interest, build a bowtie2 index, and execute run_snps command with the prebuilt bowtie2 index.
BASIC PROTOCOL 2: Download MIDAS Reference Database v1
Authors: not provided miriam.goldman
Published: July 2022

This protocol describes how to download all or part of a MIDASDB, a set of custom files constructed from microbial genome sequences and containing all the information needed to metagenotype the species detected in a set of shotgun-metagenomic samples. MIDAS2 provides two prebuilt MIDASDBs sourced from large, public microbial genome collections: MIDASDB-UHGG (4,644 species / 286,997 genomes) based on the Unified Human Gastrointestinal Genome catalog (v1) [9] and MIDASDB-GTDB (47,893 species / 258,405 genomes) based on the Genome Taxonomy Database (v202) [10]. Support Protocol 2 describes how to build a new MIDASDB locally from a custom genome collection. A MIDASDB should be downloaded or built before any other MIDAS2 protocols can be run. There are three components in a MIDASDB: single-copy marker genes (SCGs), representative genomes (rep-genome), and pangenomes (pan-genome). Each species contributes sequences to all three components. By preloading the MIDASDB, individual calls to MIDAS2 commands do not need to automatically download the necessary files. As a result, with a preloaded MIDASDB, per-sample analyses can be run in parallel without a risk of processes interfering with one another.
The Resilient Metropolis: Planning in an Era of Decentralization
Authors: Vicino Thomas J.
Published: July 2022

This thematic issue of Urban Planning focuses on recent transformations of the built environment, the economy, and society around the world. The articles examine how planning processes and policy responses can adapt to the transformation of metropolitan areas in the pursuit of a more just and resilient society. Key themes are centered on socio-spatial processes that drive the uneven growth, the economic globalization of cities and the pursuant human migration, and the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic. Collectively, the authors engage in a scholarly conversation about the future of the resilient metropolis in an era of decentralization.
Martin Heidegger VS Ludwig Wittgenstein: the world as an image and metaphysical dial
Authors: Malyshev Vladislav B.
Published: July 2022

The article compares the views of M. Heidegger and L. Wittgenstein, two of the greatest thinkers of the XX century, in terms of the basic positions of their philosophy, in the main ontological and epistemological attitudes, the semantics of their key concepts. The key common position of the discrepancy is the problem of language and the problem of pictorial representation of the world. This is clear already based on the nature of the teachings of two of the greatest philosophers of the twentieth century: M. Heidegger appeals to the traditions of initial thinking, as it was born at the dawn of European philosophy; L. Wittgensteins teaching is a completely new post-metaphysical epistemology based on the idea of language as a constitutive factor in the formation of a picture or image (of the world). Semantically, M. Heideggers WeltBild and L. Wittgensteins Bild as a linguistic representation of the world and is a metaphors of the New European Reason itself, something like the dial of a mechanical clock. In fact, the metaphor of the metaphysical dial is best suited to this screening of existence.
Socio-philosophical aspects of the transformation of the category of «Civil unity» in the political realities of the XXI century
Authors: Grober Eva M.
Published: July 2022

The main content of the study is the analysis of aggressive socio-political masses and the disunity of the population during the period of destabilization of the world space. In order to identify the socio-philosophical aspects of the transformation of the category of "civil unity" under the influence of the events of the 20s of the XXI century, the article analyzes N.F. Fedorov's concept of acquiring a social idea to achieve world unity and world order. Special attention is paid to the problem of human unity in the social world.
Education: paradigmatic shift in a culture of paradox
Authors: Sevastov Kirill V.
Published: July 2022

The article considers the educational crisis as a phenomenon in the context of postmodern culture. On the example of education, crisis locality is demonstrated as a component of the totality of the crisis state of postmodern culture. A phenomenological discourse is proposed to reflect the paradoxicality of postmodernism, at first considered in the form of a modernist stage of self-revision, which in turn entailed the decline of the era of modernity and the deployment of a new type of culture.
Assessment of the quality of distance (digital) education: analysis of the digital footprint of participants in the educational process
Authors: Zhelnina Evgenia V.
Published: July 2022

The article presents the results of research conducted to study the digital footprint and its capabilities for assessing the attitude of users to distance education. The sociological survey showed that the population is familiar with the concept of a digital footprint, but vaguely represents its content, methods of formation and areas of application. Intellectual analysis made it possible to assess their attitude to distance education based on the digital footprint left by users of social networks.
Philosophy of medicine and historiography of medicine
Authors: Kaufman Igor S.
Published: July 2022

Historiography and philosophy of medicine has met with dramatic disciplinary rise in the recent decades. Philosophers of biomedical sciences response to the rise resulted in writing of some innovative and detailed studies. On contrary the research in historiography of medicine is dominated by the case-studies and non-contextualist approaches. Only recently the history of the early modern medicine has received proper place in the scholarship. Still the philosophy and historiography of the early military modern medicine lacks due research attention. Our contribution attempts to explain why the history of the early military modern medicine is core element of the genesis of modern medicine.
Transdisciplinary shift and biophysics
Authors: Zaitseva Natalya V. , Rodenko Natalia A.
Published: July 2022

The article discusses the development of biophysics as a transdisciplinary science that uses approaches and methods that are used in physics to study biological phenomena and processes. Transdisciplinary science is aimed at solving multifactorial problems of nature and society. Research in the field of biophysics finds its application today in medicine (medical diagnostics and therapy). Transdisciplinary research is considered as cooperation or joint scientific work of researchers from different disciplines. Such research expands the scientific worldview and will contribute to the modification of the face of science in the future.
Las reseñas de TripAdvisor: ¿un nuevo género de discurso turístico?
Authors: Colantonio Claudia
Published: July 2022

En este artículo nos proponemos presentar los resultados de un análisis descriptivo e interpretativo del estilo comunicativo de algunas valoraciones que aparecen en la página web TripAdvisor, que serán analizadas desde la perspectiva de la pragmalingüística. El propósito es identificar los patrones lingüísticos comunes que aparecen en las opiniones de los usuarios y en las respuestas de los gerentes de las empresas hoteleras y gastronómicas. Asimismo, se pondrán de relieve las características esenciales de la reseña para averiguar si se puede considerar parte del género de discurso turístico y de esta manera generar una nueva forma de comunicación especializada. Los resultados cualitativos del análisis de los córpora demuestran que la reseña en TripAdvisor cumple con las funciones propias del discurso turístico (informativa, prescriptiva y persuasiva), con un patente protagonismo de la última. Además, ésta parece ser el marco ideal para subrayar las estrategias pragmalingüísticas más comunes a la hora de describir y de (des)aconsejar la experiencia turística vivida por turistas que se convierten inconscientemente en toroperadores y expertos de turismo.
Pengembangan bahan ajar e-handout berbasis Kodular materi Istana Gebang untuk pembelajaran Sejarah di SMA Negeri 1 Blitar
Authors: Sarita Vira Rahma , Jati Slamet Sujud Purnawan , Ayundasari Lutfiah
Published: July 2022

This research was conducted based on potential and problems. The problem found is that teachers still often use conventional teaching materials due to time constraints in making teaching materials, so that innovation in learning is needed according to the development of science and technology. This is supported by the potential that students are allowed to use smartphones in learning. Based on this background, the purpose of this research and development is to produce products and test the effectiveness of history teaching materials in the form of a code-based e-handout of Gebang Palace material for history learning at SMA Negeri 1 Blitar. The research method used is Research and Development (R&D) by Sugiyono. The teaching materials developed are in the form of an android application e-handout for smartphones that contains a summary of the material to make it easier for students to gain knowledge. E-handout is a teaching material developed by combining handout teaching materials in electronic form. Based on the results of data analysis at the material expert validation stage, 90 percent (very valid). In the results of the validation of media experts, the results were 86.3 percent (very valid). In product trials in small groups, the results obtained are 85% (very effective). In the trial of the use of large groups, the results of 88.3 percent (very effective) were used in learning.

Penelitian ini dilakukan berdasarkan potensi dan masalah. Masalah yang ditemukan yaitu guru masih sering menggunakan bahan ajar konvensional karena keterbatasan waktu dalam pembuatan bahan ajar, sehingga diperlukan inovasi dalam pembelajaran sesuai perkembangan ilmu pengetahuan dan teknologi. Hal tersebut didukung dengan potensi yaitu diperbolehkannya siswa menggunakan smartphone dalam pembelajaran. Berdasarkan latar belakang tersebut, tujuan penelitian dan pengembangan ini adalah untuk menghasilkan produk dan menguji keefektifan produk bahan ajar sejarah berupa e-handout berbasis kodular materi Istana Gebang untuk pembelajaran sejarah di SMA Negeri 1 Blitar. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah Research and Development (R&D) oleh Sugiyono. Bahan ajar yang dikembangkan berupa e-handout aplikasi android untuk smartphone yang berisi ringkasan materi untuk memudahkan siswa memperoleh pengetahuan. E-handout merupakan bahan ajar yang dikembangkan dengan memadukan bahan ajar handout dalam bentuk elektronik. Berdasarkan hasil analisis data pada tahap validasi ahli materi adalah 90 persen (sangat valid). Pada hasil validasi ahli media memperoleh hasil sebesar 86,3 persen (sangat valid). Pada uji coba produk pada kelompok kecil diperoleh hasil sebesar 85 persen (sangat efektif). Pada uji coba pemakaian pada kelompok besar diperoleh hasil sebesar 88,3 persen (sangat efektif) digunakan dalam pembelajaran.
The Faculty of Pharmaceutical Medicine – Foundation, function and future
Authors: Boyd Alan , Cottam Ben , Obiora Konrad , Stonier Peter
Published: July 2022

The Faculty of Pharmaceutical Medicine was established in the United Kingdom (UK) in 1989 to develop and maintain competence, ethics and the highest professional standards of practice in the discipline. This article charts the founding principles and history of the Faculty, details its composition and membership, and outlines the major functions and achievements of the organisation in the context of the development of the discipline of pharmaceutical medicine. The recognition of pharmaceutical medicine as a medical specialty in the UK is described together with the associated certification programme Pharmaceutical Medicine Specialty Training, which enables pharmaceutical physicians to become certified practitioners in the specialty with the UK General Medical Council (UK GMC).
The Role of Subnational Governments in the Covid-19 Pandemic Response: Are There Opportunities for Intergovernmental Fiscal Reform in the Post-Pandemic World?
Authors: Smoke Paul , Gómez-Álvarez David , Muñoz Miranda Andrés , Radics Axel
Published: July 2022

In early 2020, once the severity was recognized on a global scale, the COVID-19 pandemic quickly became the most immediately pressing crisis. In addition to the general demands the pandemic created for strong and competent national and international response, it also raised numerous issues and generated tensions around the sharing of responsibilities and resources among levels of governments in many countries around the world. A number of comparable health and economic issues have emerged fairly universally, but they have manifested in different ways and the responses and results have been diverse across and within countries. This monograph summarizes available information about how the pandemic has affected fiscal decentralization around the world, focusing on five Latin American countries: Argentina, Brazil, Colombia, Mexico, and Peru. It briefly characterizes the intergovernmental fiscal systems in these countries, provides an overview of the known impacts of the pandemic and summarizes available information on government responses to the pandemic, both national and those undertaken by subnational governments with national support or more independently. The conclusions draw lessons from regional and global experiences about if and how post-pandemic policies might be developed to improve the intergovernmental fiscal system in particular countries.
¿Impacta la calidad regulatoria de los servicios de infraestructura en el crecimiento económico y la distribución del ingreso?: el caso de América Latina y el Caribe
Authors: Mastronardi Leonardo , Chisari Omar O. , Serebrisky Tomás , Mercatante Juan I.
Published: July 2022

La regulación económica es determinante para que los servicios de infraestructura se provean con eficiencia, calidad y a precios asequibles. La literatura económica se ha concentrado en los impactos de la regulación en los mercados de infraestructura, siendo mucho más escasa la que analiza los impactos macroeconómicos y distributivos de dicha regulación. Este paper mide los impactos del desempeño del regulador en variables macroeconómicas crecimiento económico, actividad de los sectores que utilizan servicios de infraestructura y bienestar de los hogares. Para ello elaboramos un modelo de Equilibrio General Computado (CGE) y utilizamos las Matrices de Contabilidad Social (MCS) de Argentina, Bolivia, Chile, Costa Rica, Jamaica y Perú para evaluar el papel del regulador. Se modelan dos casos extremos. (i) Regulador ineficiente: el regulador no tiene la habilidad o los instrumentos para que los precios estén alineados a los costos, estableciendo un markup del 10%. (ii) Regulador benevolente: el regulador fija un markup del 10% temporal (solo en el primer período) para fondear obras de infraestructura con tres outputs diferenciados en calidad del servicio: (ii-a) aumento del stock de infraestructura sin cambios en calidad del servicio; (ii-b) aumento del stock de infraestructura y mejoras de calidad en la provisión de los servicios; y (ii-c) aumento del stock de infraestructura y pérdidas de calidad del servicio producto de inversión en proyectos inadecuados. Para (ii-b) diferenciamos en qué medida el impacto sobre la actividad y el bienestar de los hogares son explicados por mejoras de calidad en el entramado productivo y en qué medida a través de mejoras directas a los hogares; esto constituye un aspecto novedoso en la literatura. Los resultados muestran que cuando el regulador es benevolente la inversión genera crecimiento económico en todos los países; en estos casos, el bienestar de los hogares suele ser positivo, aunque su magnitud varía. Cuando el regulador estimula inversión que genera mejoras de calidad (ii-b) se generan los mayores impactos en bienestar y crecimiento. El principal impacto de las mejoras de calidad se da a través de la industria, ya que los sectores que forman parte del entramado productivo tienen un efecto multiplicador más grande que los hogares. En el escenario de un regulador benevolente, asignaciones de recursos a inversiones que empeoran la calidad del servicio (ii-c) tienen costos significativos en términos de crecimiento y bienestar de los hogares. Los resultados del escenario del regulador ineficiente muestran la importancia de desarrollar y capacitar a los reguladores económicos. No hacerlo reduce el crecimiento económico y empeora la distribución del ingreso.
Atypical Adams-Oliver syndrome with typical ocular signs of familial exudative vitreoretinopathy
Authors:   Department of Ophthalmology, Ophthalmology & Optometry Center, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Therapy of Retinal and Choroidal Diseases, Beijing 100044, China, Jin En-Zhong , Zhao Ming-Wei ,   Department of Ophthalmology, Ophthalmology & Optometry Center, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Therapy of Retinal and Choroidal Diseases, Beijing 100044, China, Yin Hong ,   Department of Ophthalmology, Ophthalmology & Optometry Center, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Therapy of Retinal and Choroidal Diseases, Beijing 100044, China
Published: July 2022

AIM: To report an atypical Adams-Oliver syndrome (AOS) family with typical ocular signs of familial exudative vitreoretinopathy (FEVR).
METHODS: A patient with visible avascular area and obvious non-perfusion zone in the peripheral retina with systemic signs of AOS was reported. Familial and personal characteristics were collected for the patient and his sister. Gene sequencing and ophthalmic examinations including fluorescein angiography were all performed for the whole family.
RESULTS: Two novel mutations of DOCK6 (c.1396C>T and c.4796G>A) were identified in the proband and his family, and two compound heterozygous mutations were revealed in the proband and his sister. The patient and his sister showed physical deformities and mental abnormalities while FEVR mimicking retinal disorder can also be defined. No remarkable ocular or systemic abnormality can be observed for their parents. Peripheral retinal non-perfusion area, obvious abnormal vascularization or even retinal fold were observed in the proband and his sister, while only small avascular zone was identified for their parents.
CONCLUSION: This is the first genetic authenticated AOS case mimicked as FEVR with genetic sequencing of a family. For the patients with ocular phenotype of FEVR, further examination should be performed if the systemic or mental abnormalities exist.
Severe unilateral congenital ptosis with poor levator function: tarsoconjunctival mullerectomy plus levator resection vs frontalis sling procedure
Authors:   Farabi Eye Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran 1336616351, Iran, Kasaee Abolfazl , Najafi Laily ,   Endocrine Research Center, Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Tehran 1593716615, Iran, Jamshidian-Tehrani Mansooreh ,   Ophthalmic Plastic Surgery, Farabi Eye Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran 1336616351, Iran
Published: July 2022

AIM: To compare frontalis sling and tarsoconjunctival mullerectomy plus levator resection (TCMLR) in subjects with severe unilateral congenital ptosis with poor levator function (LF).
METHODS: A prospective non-randomized non-blinded single center clinical trial. Fifty patients with severe unilateral congenital ptosis with poor LF were recruited. The frontalis sling and TCMLR were performed and the functional, cosmetic outcomes, complications, and success rate were evaluated at 1, 3, and 6mo postoperatively. The t-test, Chi-square, Fishers exact, and nonparametric Mann-Whitney tests were used by SPSS software.
RESULTS: Frontalis sling and TCMLR procedures were performed on 26 and 24 patients respectively. The mean age was 10.97±10.67y. LF was significantly better in the TCMLR group at months 1, 3, and 6 (P=0.002). Lagophthalmos was more common in the TCMLR group (no significant difference). At month 3, mild punctate epithelial erosions were observed more in the frontalis sling group (P=0.002). Significant complete success rate of 1st and 6th month for the frontalis sling vs TCMLR groups were 50% vs 20.8% (P=0.02), and 38.4% vs 50% (P=0.03) respectively.
CONCLUSION: Complete success rate of TCMLR is higher in long-term follow-up in contrast with the frontalis sling in the short-term. Transient complications are more detected in mid-term follow-ups in both groups.
Outcomes of chronic angle-closure glaucoma treated by phacoemulsification and endocyclophotocoagulation with or without endoscopically goniosynechialysis
Authors:   Senior Department of Ophthalmology, the Third Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100039, China, Wu Xing , Liu Xi ,   Department of Ophthalmology, Beijing Children’s Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children’s Health, Beijing 100045, China, Li Zhao-Hui ,   Senior Department of Ophthalmology, the Third Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100039, China, Deng Li-Qin ,   Senior Department of Ophthalmology, the Third Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100039, China, Chen Dai-Shi ,   Shenzhen People’s Hospital, the Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, the First Affiliate Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518020, Guangdong Province, China, Wang Da-Jiang ,   Senior Department of Ophthalmology, the Third Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100039, China
Published: July 2022

AIM: To investigate the surgical outcomes of patients with chronic angle-closure glaucoma (CACG) treated with phacoemulsification (phaco)/endocyclophotocoagulation (ECP) with and without endoscopic goniosynechialysis (E-GSL).
METHODS: A retrospective, nonrandomized, comparative case series was conducted. Patients with CACG who underwent phaco in combination with either ECP alone (ECP group) or GSL with ECP (E-GSL group) from 2018 to 2019 were followed for 12mo and reviewed. Clinical features and outcomes were identified and analyzed. The ECP and E-GSL groups were matched in age and baseline intraocular pressure (IOP). Changes in IOP, mean of visual acuity (VA), peripheral anterior synechiae (PAS) formation, and the number of glaucoma medications was examined.
RESULTS: The ECP group included 32 eyes of 27 patients, and the E-GSL group included 32 eyes of 26 patients. The preoperative baseline IOP was 22.18±6.48 mm Hg in the ECP group and 22.95±6.71 mm Hg in the E-GSL group (P=0.644). The mean IOP reduction was 26.2% in the ECP group and 41.6% in the E-GSL group at 12mo. The mean postoperative VA (logMAR units) at 12mo was 0.47 in the ECP group and 0.36 in the E-GSL group. The reduction in PAS formation and the number of glaucoma medications was also higher in the ECP group than E-GSL group at 12mo.
CONCLUSION: The phaco/ECP and phaco/E-GSL groups both achieve a significant reduction in IOP without complications associated with traditional glaucoma filtration surgeries.
Outcomes and predictors of vitrectomy and silicone oil tamponade in retinal detachments complicated by proliferative vitreoretinopathy
Authors:   University of Health Sciences, Ulucanlar Eye Education and Research Hospital, Ankara 06240, Turkey, Sonmez Kenan
Published: July 2022

AIM: To evaluate outcomes and determine factors influencing the outcomes of vitrectomy with silicone oil (SO) endotamponade for the management of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) complicated by advanced proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR).
METHODS: This is a retrospective, interventional case series of eyes with PVR grade C associated RRD with or without prior surgery that underwent vitreoretinal surgery and SO tamponade. Eyes with a minimum follow-up of 6mo after SO extraction were included. Eyes were classified into three PVR subgroups according to severity and extension of proliferation. The influence of several preoperative, intraoperative and postoperative factors upon the functional and anatomical outcomes was assessed using multivariate logistic regression analysis.
RESULTS: A hundred and one eyes of 101 patients that met the inclusion criteria were studied. Seventy-five of 101 eyes (74.3%) had successful retinal reattachment after one operation. Increased aqueous cell and flare at the first week exam had a statistically significant association with redetachment, recurrent membrane proliferation and keratopathy. Visual acuity improvement was significantly associated with faint postoperative aqueous inflammation values, primary vitrectomy and PVR outside of the posterior pole.
CONCLUSION: Although encouraging anatomical and functional outcomes are achieved after vitrectomy and SO tamponade in eyes with RRD complicated by PVR, an increase in aqueous flare or cells at the first week follow-up is most likely to result in postoperative late complications. Primary vitrectomy, PVR associated with minimal posterior pole extension and absent to mild postoperative aqueous inflammation are associated with improved post-operative final visual acuity.
Changes in axial length after vitrectomy for rhegmatogenous retinal detachment combined with choroidal detachment
Authors:   Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100730, China, Li Ji-Peng , Zhao Meng ,   Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100730, China
Published: July 2022

AIM: To report the postoperative axial length (AL) changes in rhegmatogenous retinal detachment combined with choroidal detachment (RRD-CD) patients.
METHODS: The medical records of 97 consecutive patients from January 2015 to December 2018 were reviewed. Patients included were divided into RRD-CD and RRD only groups. All patients had received AL measurements before pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) and before silicone oil removal (SOR). The changes in AL of the two groups were compared. In addition, the potential factors related to AL changes were analyzed.
RESULTS: AL elongation after PPV was 1.01 mm [interquartile range (IQR): 0.37, 1.79; P=0.02] in the RRD-CD group, which was greater than in RRD only group (0.15 mm, IQR: 0.04, 0.41; P<0.001). AL increased 0.06 mm per 1 mm Hg intraocular pressure changes in the RRD-CD group (R2=0.11, P=0.03). RRD-CD patient was 11.42 times (3.54-46.80) more likely to experience post-PPV AL elongation of more than 1 mm [P<0.001, Akaike information criterion (AIC)=92.33, area under the curve (AUC)=0.839].
CONCLUSION: RRD-CD patients are very likely to have a postoperative elongation of AL. The primary intraoclular lens implantation using presurgery AL data may cause a significant refractive error in RRD-CD patients who underwent PPV.
Analysis of retinal vasculature changes in indirect traumatic optic neuropathy using optic coherence tomography angiography
Authors:   State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510060, Guangdong Province, China, Ma Huan , Li Jin-Miao ,   State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510060, Guangdong Province, China, Bao Yue-Kun ,   State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510060, Guangdong Province, China, Nie Cong ,   State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510060, Guangdong Province, China, Yin Pan ,   State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510060, Guangdong Province, China, Lyu Xi ,   State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510060, Guangdong Province, China, Ding Xiao-Yan ,   State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510060, Guangdong Province, China, Lu Rong ,   State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510060, Guangdong Province, China
Published: July 2022

AIM: To assess the retinal vasculature alterations in indirect traumatic optic neuropathy (ITON) patients following craniofacial trauma by optic coherence tomography angiography (OCTA).
METHODS: Patients diagnosed of monocular ITON were recruited from August 2016 to May 2020. OCTA was performed using the AngioVue OCT-A system for two cube scans centered at the optic nerve head and fovea. OCTA data included thicknesses of peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) and macular ganglion cell complex (GCC), as well as proportion of capillary perfusion and data were analyzed for correlation with post-injury timepoints: within 7, 8-30, 31-90, and 91-365d.
RESULTS: A total of 73 ITON patients were studied. Significant thinning of RNFL and GCC layers and attenuation of microvascular perfusion were observed in ITON eyes as compared to contralateral unaffected eyes (for most of the analyzed sectors and quadrants, P<0.05). Without respect to surgical intervention and vision recovery, the decrease in retinal layer thicknesses and microvascular perfusion was time-dependent, and most significant within three months (P<0.001).
CONCLUSION: ITON presents with time-dependent thinning of retinal layers and attenuation of microvasculature, indicating possible degeneration of retinal ganglion cells due to reduced retinal blood supply.
CHECK TEMPERATURE: A Small-Scale Elastocaloric Device for the Cooling of the Electronic Circuits
Authors: Cirillo Luca , Greco Adriana , Masselli Claudia
Published: July 2022

Elastocaloric is a technology to the class of solid-state cooling based on caloric-effects have attracted great interest in recent years, representing a new and viable alternative to vapour-compression. The physical phenomenon on which elastocaloric systems are based is elastocaloric effect: a physical-thermal phenomenon manifesting in some materials called shape memory alloys where, consequently to an adiabatic variation of the intensity of an external field, a temperature variation (ΔTad), occurs. If the intensity of the field is increasing, a temperature rise is observed in the elastocaloric material; conversely, to a decreasing intensity a temperature fall corresponds. Controlling the temperature of electronic equipment is also essential and, currently, there are not elastocaloric devices specifically addressed to this application. In this context CHECK TEMPERATURE (acronym of “Controlling the Heating of Electronic Circuits: a Key-approach Through Elastocaloric Materials in a Prototype Employing them as Refrigerants of an AcTive Ultrasmall Refrigerator”) project was born: the main purpose of this project is to develop an elastocaloric device targeted on miniature scale for environmentally friendly cooling of electronic components. In this paper all the aspect concerning the development are described.
Digital Analysis of Common Turbulence Patterns in Centrifugal Pump Flow Simulation Based on COMSOL Multiphysics Software
Authors: Niou Slimane , Otmani Abdessalam , Dekhane Azzeddine , Azzouz Salaheddine
Published: July 2022

The present paper tackles the convergence and performance of three numerical turbulence models in the flow simulation. The benchmark analysis was performed using the COMSOL Multiphysics code, and the turbulence on a centrifugal water pump was generated numerically using the k−ε,k−ω, and k−ω SST models. However, the geometry was conducted on SolidWorks due to its complexity. First, the flow modeling was driven by solving the stationary Navier-Stokes equations. Then, the effects of the tested models, on the numerical CFD simulation, were examined. The analyzed results demonstrated that the best calculation precision was obtained using the k−ω model, whereas the lowest was provided by the k−ω SST model. A remarkable pumping performance was also recorded.
Social Performance Vs Financial Performance of Microfinance Institutes (MFIs) In Cameroon: Case of MFIs Affiliated to Mutelles Communautaires de Croissance (MC²)
Authors: Ngum N. Mrs. Parveen
Published: July 2022

Microfinance is a means of the struggle against poverty in developing countries like Cameroon through financing activities that generate incomes for poor households. The issue regarding the best way to provide financial services to the poor has fuelled intensive debates between two different schools of thought: Institutionalists and Welfarists. This debate faces two requirements of microfinance: Targeting the poorest among the poor (social performance) and enhancing the profitability of the institution (financial performance). The main objective of this paper is to asses if there is mutuality between Social Performance(SP) and Financial Performance(FP) or there is trade-off between Social Performance and Financial Performance of Microfinance Institutions. To attain our objectives, the methodology used was that based on the estimation of panel data for the retained model for the period of 2016-2019. Secondary source was used to collect data from 37 MFIs affiliated to MC2 and analysed using a computerized data analysis package known as SPSS 11.0 and the following results were obtained: the findings shows that there exist a relationship between social performance and financial performance when certain variable like return to equity at 10% is considered which is in conformity with Joseph Nzongand and al.(2013) findings and when the engagement in favour of the related committed is consider as a variable, the finding shows that there is no relationship between SP and FP neither at 1% or 5% nor 10% which ties with the findings of   Djamaman Brice Gaétan (2012). After our findings, some recommendation were made of which include; information concerning the number of women who are in real terms borrowers could be treated as an important aspect so as to provide a solid information background for research such as ours, then further study in such work will be more grounded.
TENSE AND TIME NOTION IN MIDDLE TAMIL OF LINGUISTICS
Authors: Jeyavasanthi Dr. N.
Published: July 2022

Tamil Language can be divided into three, the old Tamil (sangam Period) the middle Tamil (post-sangam period, pallava and chola period) and modern Tamil (form Naika period to tillnow) Prof. Agsathialinganar Says that they can be referred as Sangathamil, Theivathamil, and Valarumthamil. During middle period, Tamil langugar is closely attached with Bakthi movement. Nayanmartal who are saivas and Aivarkal who are Vaishnaws have written many book which were collected and named as panniru Tirumaraikal and Nalayira Tivyaprapantham respectively.
Use of Honorific in Islamic Boarding Schools as a Form of Maintaining a Culture of Courtesy
Authors: Haryono Akhmad , Wibisono Bambang , Maulana Fadlil Firman
Published: July 2022

Usage honorifics are one aspect of politeness that must be adhered to in communicating at the NQ Islamic Boarding Schools so that the relationship between members of the Islamic Boarding Schools community remains harmonious. This study aims to describe the forms of honorifics used in Islamic boarding schools NQ and the factors behind their use. To achieve this goal, a qualitative approach is used. Data were collected by participating, listening, and speaking observation methods with recording and note-taking techniques. The data were analyzed using socio pragmatics theory. The research found that the honorific types used were greeting words, speech level, and phatic markers. The greeting words used include kinship greetings, second personal pronoun greetings, title greetings, and professional or position greetings. The Madurese speech level (BM) used in the NQ Islamic Boarding School community is the speech level of enje'-iye (E-I), ngghi-enten (E-E), and ngghi-bhunten (E-E: ordinary variety and -B: high variety). The phatic markers used are pure phatic and polar phatic. The determinants of the use of honorifics are age differences, social status, social distance, situations, habits, and learning.