bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The use of pentoxifylline within the medical regime for the management and prevention of osteoradionecrosis in patients with cardiac‐, cerebrovascular and thromboembolic conditions
Authors: Jawad Nadeen , AlHakim Reem , Sproat Chris , Patel Vinod
Published: January 2024

Objective

Osteoradionecrosis (ORN) is a serious and late complication following radiotherapy for head and neck cancer (HNC). Current medical management involves the use of pentoxifylline, which is advised to be used with caution in certain patients with cardiac‐ or cerebrovascular conditions. This retrospective review aims to assess the clinical outcomes of patients medically managed on the background of pre‐existing cardiac‐ and cerebrovascular conditions or treatment with anticoagulant/antiplatelet therapy for thromboembolic disease.

Materials and Methods

Clinical records of 36 patients were identified and reviewed retrospectively. Patients were split into two subgroups—patients having treatment for established ORN (n = 21) and patients ‘at risk’ of ORN following dentoalveolar surgery (n = 15).

Results

In the established ORN group, 38% healed, and 57% were considered stable. In the prophylaxis group, 100% of cases healed with no ORN. Overall, across both groups, most patients reported no major side effects from pentoxifylline, with the most common being gastric irritation (n = 3, 8%).

Conclusion

This retrospective review provides early valuable insight on pentoxifylline for patients with existing cardiac‐, cerebrovascular and thrombo‐embolic conditions who have been treated with radiotherapy for HNC, both prophylactically to help prevent ORN and as treatment for established ORN.
Cutaneous Mycobacterium avium‐intracellulare infection masquerading as sarcoidosis
Authors: Hirt Penelope A. , Gonzalez Adrianna M. , Acosta Ana S. , Price Alexandra , Elgart George W. , Nousari Carlos H. , George Manju , Schachner Lawrence A.
Published: January 2024

Mycobacterium avium‐intracellulare (MAC) infection may have different skin manifestations, including cutaneous granulomas. Granulomatous skin reactions have distinct morphologic and histopathologic appearances. We present the case of an adolescent male with cutaneous MAC, misdiagnosed as sarcoidosis after initial biopsy results, demonstrated preservation of reticulin fibers and absence of organisms within granulomas. Sarcoidal granulomas often stain positive for reticulin fibers, which could be used to distinguish them from the infectious kind. This case should alert clinicians to the fact that the presence or quantity of intact reticular fibers may not be a reliable tool to differentiate between a sarcoidal and an infectious granuloma. Our case also highlights the diagnostic challenge of cutaneous MAC infection.
Seeking the best alternatives:Asystematic review and meta‐analysis on replacing fishmeal with plant protein sources in carnivorous fish species
Authors: Qian Yi‐Fan , Limbu Samwel M. , Qiao Fang , Luo Yuan , Chen Li‐Qiao , Zhang Mei‐Ling , Du Zhen‐Yu
Published: January 2024

The price of fishmeal (FM) has been increasing continuously due to the expansion of the gap between its stable production and rising demand. Therefore, plant protein sources are widely applied in the aquaculture industry to accomplish the protein requirement of farmed fish species. However, the massive number of results produced under various experimental conditions appended challenges for comprehensive summarization and comparison of the effects of plant protein sources on carnivorous fish species. Thus, a systemic review and meta‐analysis were conducted to compare the impacts of various plant protein sources on growth, feed utilization efficiencies, blood lipid, and liver health of representative carnivorous species. Supported by the data from 256 articles, our results indicated that Atlantic salmon, African catfish, Black seabass, and Hybrid striped bass were better at utilizing plant protein sources than Grouper and Japanese seabass. Cottonseed and lupin proteins were promising protein alternatives, while rapeseed showed significant growth suppression effects for these carnivorous fish species. Besides, deep processing methods such as fermentation and enzymolysis alleviated undesirable consequences effectively when less than half of FM was replaced by plant protein sources. Moreover, the optimal plant protein sources are discussed for each fish species. Overall, this article depicts the impact patterns of major plant protein sources on carnivorous farmed fish species and lays a solid foundation for further investigation on mechanisms for improving plant protein utilization.
Physical activity, chronic kidney disease, and cardiovascular risk: A study in half a million adults
Authors: Castillo‐García Adrián , Valenzuela Pedro L. , Saco‐Ledo Gonzalo , Morales Javier S. , Ruilope Luis M. , Santos‐Lozano Alejandro , Lucia Alejandro
Published: January 2024

Objective

There is a growing prevalence of chronic kidney disease (CKD), a condition associated with a higher cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. We assessed the association between self‐reported physical activity (PA) and CKD and also studied whether PA attenuates CKD‐associated CVD risk.

Methods

A cohort of Spanish adults (18–64 years) participated in this nationwide study. Participants were categorized at baseline as being either inactive (performing no PA), regularly, or insufficiently active (meeting or not, respectively, international PA recommendations) and were followed for up to 5 years. The presence of CKD (estimated glomerular filtration rate <60 mL/min/1.73 m2) and major CVD risk factors (diabetes, hypercholesterolemia, hypertension, obesity) was determined at baseline and at follow‐up.

Results

517 917 participants (44 ± 9 years, 67% male, CKD prevalence = 7%) were studied at baseline, with prospective analyses (median follow‐up = 2 years, range = 2–5) in a subcohort of 264 581 individuals. Compared to physical inactivity, cross‐sectional analyses at baseline showed that regular PA (odds ratio = 0.80; 95% confidence interval = 0.79–0.81), but not insufficient PA (1.02; 0.99–1.04) was associated with lower CKD prevalence. However, prospective analyses failed to confirm this association (p > 0.1). In turn, CKD was associated with a higher prevalence of hypertension (+3%) and diabetes (+5%) at baseline and with a greater incidence of hypertension at follow‐up (+37%). Among those participants with CKD, regular PA was associated with a lower prevalence (−45% to −7%) and incidence (−38% to −4%) of all CVD risk factors.

Conclusion

Although PA might not reduce incident CKD in the middle term (~2 years), it can attenuate the CVD risk linked to this condition.
Does sticking close to home make for better research? In‐state authorship and citation rates in public administration journals
Authors: Fox Dalten , Fowler Luke
Published: January 2024

Objective

Although other social science disciplines have considered researcher positionality, whether a researcher belongs to the communities they study (insider) or does not (outsider), public administration scholars have yet to examine this aspect of scholarly production nor its impacts on perceptions of research quality.

Methods

We use a data set of 554 articles from eight top public administration journals that focus on a single or a few states in the United States as the research setting. Using in‐state authorship as a proxy for insider research, we test whether insider status significantly affects citation rates for these articles.

Results

Findings indicate that citation rates are higher for in‐state authors, but the journal impact factor serves as a critical moderating factor. Articles written by in‐state authors in Public Administration Review or Journal of Public Administration Research & Theory (the field's top two journals) are cited around 30 percent more than out‐of‐state authors, and we estimate that the articles across journals likely to be cited most are written by in‐state authors.

Conclusion

Although there is room for strong insider and outsider research in social sciences, generally, and public administration, specifically, scholars should remain mindful of positionality from both the production and consumption sides of the research process.
Impact of terror on international trade in financial services: Does the development of financial institutions matter?
Authors: Pham Cong S. , Nguyen Hoa
Published: January 2024

We examine the impact of terror on international trade in financial services and the role of financial institutions in alleviating this impact. Using a sample of 67 countries from 2000 to 2020, we find that a 10% increase in the number of terrorist incidents in the importer and/or the exporter results, on average, in a 1.77–2.05% annual reduction in their bilateral financial service trade which is more economically significant than what has been documented for trade in commodities. Top exporters and importers of financial services, however, are less affected by the incidence of terrorism. Confirming the critically important role of systemic stability, we further find that financial institutions' stability (measured by the Z score) is the most powerful factor in mitigating the detrimental impact of terrorism on trade. There is also some limited evidence that exporting countries where financial institutions exhibit more efficiency (measured as the ratio of overhead costs to total assets) cope better with terrorism.
MECHANISM OF MEMBRANE FOULING IN HYBRID MEMBRANE PHOTOCATALYTIC REACTOR FOR PALM OIL MILL SECONDARY EFFLUENT TREATMENT
Authors: Hawari Yahaya , Ngatiman Muzammil , Mohamed Halim Rohaya , Sharudin Hazim , Abd Kadir Hasannuddin
Published: January 2024

Palm oil mill secondary effluent (POMSE) is a byproduct of the biological treatment of palm oil mill effluent. This research aims to investigate the mechanism of membrane fouling in the treatment of POMSE using a hybrid membrane photocatalytic reactor (MPR). The effectiveness of MPR in POMSE treatment is currently limited due to membrane fouling on the membrane surface. This study focuses on understanding the various mechanisms of membrane fouling, including complete blocking, intermediate blocking, standard blocking, and cake filtration. The determination of each fouling mechanism is achieved through an analysis of normalized flux data employing the Wiesner and Aptel equation. The results demonstrate a high degree of model fitness (R2 = 0.9576) for MPR Run 3, confirming its effectiveness. Based on the (R2) values and the fitted parameter (Ks^(-1)), it is evident that, under varying pH levels, catalyst types, catalyst loading, and initial POMSE concentrations, the cake formation fouling mechanism prevails in MPR Run. In conclusion, this research holds promising potential for implementation in the wastewater treatment industry while ensuring compliance with environmental regulations.
ANALYZING THE ATTAINMENT OF COURSE OUTCOMES IN STATICS COURSE FOR DIPLOMA IN MECHANICAL ENGINEERING PROGRAM UiTM CAWANGAN PULAU PINANG DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC
Authors: Shah A.M. , Aziz M.R. , Othman R.
Published: January 2024

The outbreak of Covid-19 in 2020 had a significant impact on the delivery of educational courses, including lectures, labs, workshops, and assessments. In this study, the focus was on the Statics course, which is mandatory for all Diploma in Mechanical Engineering UiTM Cawangan Pulau Pinang students. The primary aim was to determine the achievement of course outcome (CO) during the pandemic. Three course outcomes were mapped for the methodology. The findings revealed that there were variations in the attainment of all COs, particularly CO3. Therefore, it can be concluded that the assessment of COs might have influenced the overall achievement rates for each CO.
STRUCTURAL DEFORMATION ANALYSIS ON MORPHING MAV WING
Authors: Ismail Noor Iswadi , M. Hisyam Basri  , Mahadzir M.M  , Sharudin Hazim , Che Mat Sharzali , Ab Hamid Pahmi Muhammad Arif , Husin Azmi , Othman Rozaini
Published: January 2024

Micro air vehicles (MAV) and the notion of morphing are always changing to suit their mission characteristics. To achieve twist morphing, however, the process underlying the application of the morphing force and its related aerodynamic load is not well understood. In this study, the structural deformation of the washout twist morphing wing MAV was investigated, and the association between wing deformation, morphing force, and membrane inflation owing to aerodynamic force was clarified. Several numerical simulations of washout TM wings were undertaken and compared to those of rigid and membrane wings. The results demonstrated that twist morphing is associated with considerable wing deformation. In comparison to the TM 3N, TM 1N, and baseline wing, the TM 5N wing was the most distorted. The deformation of the wing structure was substantially influenced by the morphing force applied to the wing. Larger morphing power led to a greater degree of wing distortion.
DECISION ANALYSIS FOR OPTIMAL CONCEPTUAL DESIGN OF CONCURRENT BRAKE ACTUATOR
Authors: Basri M. Hisyam , Ismail N.I. , Pahmi Arif , M.M Mahadzir , Rabilah R. , Azmi H. , Othman R. , Che Mat S.
Published: January 2024

Enhanced capabilities and customization in designs demand a thorough conceptual design phase for products or equipment. To ensure favorable outcomes, a comprehensive analysis of multiple design concepts is vital. This paper aims to conduct a decision analysis to determine the most suitable design for a concurrent brake actuator (CBA) among a range of alternative design concepts. It presents the development of the conceptual design of the CBA mechanism, which serves as a foundational mechanism design for future CBA development. Four mechanism design concepts were generated by utilizing the expanding curvature contour design, linear contour design, tilted position linear slope, and the nonlinear radius profile of the cam roller. The assessment of potential failures in the CBA concept design was performed by employing the risk priority number (RPN) within the framework of Design Failure Mode and Effects Analysis (DFMEA). The data obtained from DFMEA was utilized to conduct thorough analyses of motion and stress performance for each conceptual design using commercial software. Subsequently, the most optimal concept design for the CBA was chosen. This decision was reached by selecting the CBA concept design that achieved the highest score during the evaluation process, which employed a weighted decision matrix. According to the findings, the optimal CBA concept design was determined to be CBA Design B with the highest total score of 102 based on an RPN score is 32 and maximum stress of 3.647 x 104 N/m2. Its expanding linear contour design effectively distributes nonlinear brake force while minimizing failure risk, forming the foundational framework for future CBA development.
COMPARISON BETWEEN JOHNSON COOK’S PLASTICITY WITH DAMAGE MODEL AND ISOTROPIC HARDENING PLASTICITY WITH DUCTILE DAMAGE MODEL ON ALUMINIUM ALLOY SHEET 2024 T3 TENSILE TEST IN CORRELATING THE FINITE ELEMENT METHOD (FEM) TO THE EXPERIMENT TEST RESULT
Authors: Gunsalam Henry , Abdullah Ahmad Sufian , Awi Murni , Aziz Mohd Rozaiman , Kamarudin Kamarul-Azhar
Published: January 2024

Sometimes students and/or researchers are faced with a limited sample and data issue and need to choose carefully which approaches to be used, especially in performing analysis with numerical analysis. As there are a lot of numerical analysis approaches that are having similar purposes and the approaches can be used depending on the analysis cases and objectives. For example, Johnson Cook’s plasticity model and isotropic plasticity hardening model are the common approaches available and used in ABAQUS software to determine the metal and metal alloy plasticity or inelastic mechanical properties. Therefore, in this paper, two approaches – Johnson Cook’s plasticity with damage model and isotropic plasticity hardening with ductile damage model which is used to define the metal and metal alloy mechanical properties and performance are studied using ABAQUS Computer Aided Engineering (CAE) software and compared accordingly.  In this study, the experimental result of the tensile test was used to determine the mechanical properties of the Aluminium alloy 2024 T3 sheet with 0.29mm thickness. Then the experiment test data are used to correlate the finite element method (FEM) model and the experimental test result by using Johnson Cook’s plasticity hardening with damage model approach and the isotropic hardening plasticity with ductile damage model approach. Based on the comparison with the experiment failure sample mode, both FEM model failure mode is closely identical to the experiment failure sample. From the mechanical properties comparison, Johnson Cook’s model shows a bigger deviation compared to the isotropic plasticity with ductile damage model in comparison to the experiment value. From this paper, it can be concluded that the ductile damage model is more appropriate to be used when the sample and data are limited.
STUDY THE PERFORMANCE OF TWO-WHEELED BALANCING MOBILE ROBOT USING FUZZY PD CONTROLLER
Authors: Mohd Noor Nurul Muthmainnah , Mohd Halid Saiful Amirul Asyraf , Mahmod @Wahab Rohidatun
Published: January 2024

Nowadays, the research on a two-wheeled self-balancing robot is an active area of research especially in terms of design as well as control to continue the innovation applications of robots in the future. Most of the two-wheeled self-balancing robots are designed based on an inverted pendulum system for stability and maneuverability. The aim of this paper is to propose the fuzzy PD controller to control and maintain its balance on the two wheels. A sensor of the Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU) was used as an input to evaluate and obtain the position and orientation of the robot. The control algorithms for the robot also are designed to keep the pendulum upright.  Then, the fuzzy PD concept was applied to correct the error between the desired set point and the actual tilt angle position to adjust the speed of the motor accordingly. The results obtained from this controller were capable of maintaining the balancing of the robot by using an experimental method of PID tuning. The prototype of the two-wheeled self-balancing robot was implemented with Arduino Uno and a fuzzy PD controller. However, the limitation of the project is the longer size and heavier weight of the robot are less stable, then a better controller is needed to balance the robot.
Reduced-Size Antenna for Leadless Cardiac Pacemaker
Authors: DiviyaDevi Paramasivam  , Dewan Raimi , Nuradilah Yusri
Published: January 2024

The advancement in technology led to the development of leadless cardiac pacemaker (LCP) systems that resolved the issues that arise due to the use of leads in the conventional pacemakers (CP). However, the compact size of the LCP system also requires a miniaturized antenna that can fit inside the limited space of the LCP. Therefore, this study was conducted to propose and design a reduced-size antenna that operates at 2.4 GHz. An implantable antenna with a footprint of 4.00  5.00 0.50 mm was designed using CST Microwave Studio (student version). An LCP system was integrated with the antenna and simulated inside the heart tissue model to evaluate the performance of the antenna. Based on the S11 parameter, the antenna was further optimized, and the coaxial-feed cable position was offset until the impedance matching was achieved for the resonant frequency to be at 2.4 GHz. The antenna exhibited good performance with a S11 of less than -10 dB at 2.4 GHz. In addition, the proposed antenna satisfies the requirements of LCP with limited space. Therefore, the proposed antenna is envisaged to be implemented for LCP systems.
Alginate and Collagen Composite for Hard Tissue Generation: A Mini Review
Authors: Mohd Daud Nurizzati , Adrianna Batrisyia Nu’man Izzat Rosli  , Clanessa Terra Peter  , Mohammad Firdaus Mohd Salleh  , Nur Farisha Hanna Hamizun  , Puteri Eyriena Maysara Yazit  , Tan Xian Huai
Published: January 2024

The bone regeneration process involves the formation of the regenerative cells, the cell proliferation to produce new tissue and subsequently will repair the fractured area. During regeneration process, the osteoblast cells will secrete several proteins, organic and inorganic components as the base components to form the bone tissues or known as matrix. However, some conditions such as bone tumor removal, massive bone loss injury, extensive infections at the bone, minerals deficiency resulting the failure of bone regeneration and lead to prolonged bone fracture. To overcome this, bone scaffold is implanted or encapsulated bioactive cells are applied at the damaged area to support the bone regeneration. The materials should be osteogenic, osteoconductive and have osteoinductive properties. Natural polymer such as alginate and collagen are often used as biomaterials due to their high biocompatibility, degradability, low toxicity and easy to form a crosslinker with other materials through various method process. Therefore, this review will highlight the properties of alginate and collagen, the fabrication method to form composite and its application in biomedical area.
Development of Smart Gloves Prototype for Cyclists
Authors: Mohamad Mohd Riduan , Ahmad Hayedaud
Published: January 2024

Smart technologies have set their own standards and made their way into the current period. In that way, smart gloves have their own reputation for various purposes, such as gaming, boxing, power lifting, etc. However, there are not many smart gloves exclusively for cyclists in the market. Smart gloves for cyclists would be beneficial for monitoring their vitals during the athletic training or tracking their activity. There are few highly expensive wearable activity monitors that results in detecting the abnormal health status before it affects the athlete, during cycling and resistance exercise. In this paper, a smart glove prototype for cyclists is developed using Arduino software with affordable price, accurate reading of the heart rate, and oxygen-saturated level in the blood using MAX30100 sensor. The GPS enables locating and detecting the location of the user during the cycling activities. The determined data will be displayed on the Android smart phone of the user with the support of Bluetooth connection. The values can be monitored in real time, benefiting the user to act accordingly to the values in case of any significant abnormalities seen during the cycling activity. MIT app inventor had contributed a great part in accomplishing the mobile application for monitoring. As a result, in this study the developed prototype compensates the limitations of the existing smart glove and in cooperated it for serving its purpose at an affordable price.
Experiences of people with diabetes mellitus of telehealth for diabetes management during the COVID-19 pandemic: a qualitative systematic review protocol
Authors: Gerrie Alexander , Bellman Susan , Pollock Danielle
Published: January 2024

Objective:

The objective of this review is to explore the experiences of people with diabetes who used telehealth for diabetes management due to COVID-19 pandemic protocols rather than traditional in-person consultations.

Introduction:

COVID-19 intensified globally from January 2020, eliciting a multinational response to infection control for health preservation, including social distancing in public areas and health care settings. The outcome had a significant impact on the health care system, where people with chronic diseases, such as those with diabetes, were required to transition most of their care to telehealth to align with social restrictions.

Inclusion criteria:

This review will include qualitative and mixed methods studies and theses of any research design and in any language that examine the experiences of adults with diabetes who transitioned from in-person consultations to telehealth during the COVID-19 pandemic. Exclusions will include pre-COVID-19 data; quantitative studies; and secondary, tertiary, and all other gray literature.

Methods:

A search of CINAHL (EBSCOhost), Scopus, Emcare (Ovid), Embase, PubMed (NCBI), and several ProQuest databases will be conducted. Studies from January 2020 onwards in any language will be assessed for inclusion. Two independent reviewers will retrieve and screen titles and abstracts and full-text studies, and assess the methodological quality of the included studies utilizing the JBI qualitative critical appraisal tool. The included studies will be synthesized utilizing JBI meta-aggregation, and the certainty of the findings will be assessed with ConQual.

Review registration:

PROSPERO CRD42023424667
Bi-level Analysis of Computed Tomography Images of Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma: Deep Learning-Based Classification and Subsequent Three-Dimensional Reconstruction
Authors: Weiss Cohen Miri , Ghidotti Anna , Regazzoni Daniele
Published: January 2024

A bi-level analysis of computed tomography (CT) images of malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) is presented in this paper, starting with a deep learning-based system for classification, followed by a three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction method. MPM is a highly aggressive cancer caused by asbestos exposure, and accurate diagnosis and determination of the tumor’s volume are crucial for effective treatment. The proposed system employs a bi-level approach, utilizing machine learning and deep learning techniques to classify CT lung images and subsequently calculate the tumor’s volume. The study addresses challenges related to deep neural networks, such as the requirement for large and diverse datasets, hyperparameter optimization, and potential data bias. To evaluate performance, two convolutional neural network (CNN) architectures, Inception-v3 and ResNet-50, were compared in terms of their features and performance. Based on CT images, the second stage incorporates 3D volume reconstruction. The process is carried out by cropping, registering, filtering, and segmenting images. This study demonstrated the efficacy of the developed system by combining CNN optimizations with 3D image reconstruction. It is intended to improve the accuracy of MPM diagnosis and to assist in the determination of chemotherapy doses, both of which may result in improved outcomes for patients.
Influence of Fixed Ring Gear Structural Compliance on the Quasi-Static and Dynamic Response of Epicyclic Gear Sets
Authors: Ryali Lokaditya , Talbot David
Published: January 2024

The structural compliance of annular ring gear can significantly influence the quasi-static and dynamic performance of an epicyclic gear set. As powertrain components are continually being optimized to their design limits, this influence becomes prominent and can no longer be ignored. The current paper will study the impact of ring gear compliance on the dynamic response of epicyclic gear sets in fixed ring kinematic configuration. To achieve this objective, the current study will incorporate a finite element–based ring gear formulation into the three-dimensional planetary load distribution model of Ryali and Talbot (2021, “A Dynamic Load Distribution Model of Planetary Gear Sets,” Mech. Mach. Theory, 158, p. 104229). The proposed model employs a modified simplex algorithm to iteratively solve for the elastic gear mesh contacts in conjunction with a numerical integration scheme, which enables it to inherently capture the influence of several components and system-level design variations. The developed formulation is used to conduct parametric studies involving different planetary gear designs, ring gear fixtures (bolted vs. splined), and operating conditions (quasi-static, dynamic). In the case of a splined ring gear fixture, an external splined tooth contact model is developed, which will be used to validate the model against the quasi-static experiments of Kahraman et al. (2010, “Influence of Ring Gear Rim Thickness on Planetary Gear Set Behavior,” ASME J. Mech. Des., 132(2), pp. 0210021–0210028). The discussed results demonstrate the fidelity of the developed model, thus making it an excellent tool for the design and analysis of planetary gears with thin annular ring gears.
Thermodynamically stable plumber’s nightmare structures in block copolymers
Authors: Lee Hojun , Kwon Sangwoo , Min Jaemin , Jin Seon-Mi , Hwang Jun Ho , Lee Eunji , Lee Won Bo , Park Moon Jeong
Published: January 2024

Block copolymer self-assembly affords diverse nanostructures, spanning from spheres and cylinders to networks, offering meticulous control over properties and functionalities at the nanoscale. However, creating thermodynamically stable network structures with high packing frustration remains a challenge. In this study, we report a methodology to access diverse network structures such as gyroid, diamond, and primitive phases from diblock copolymers using end group and linker chemistry. The stability of the medial packing of polymer chain ends (plumber’s nightmare structure) over skeletal aggregation (gyroid) is attributed to the interplay between the strength of the end-end interactions and the initial shape of the curvature. Our study establishes an approach to develop tailored network structures from block copolymers, providing an important platform for using block copolymers in nanotechnology applications.
Evolutionary radiation and microbial community dynamics shape the thermal tolerance of Fungiidae in the southern South China Sea
Authors: Wei Yuxin , Chen Biao , Yu Kefu , Liao Zhiheng , Yu Xiaopeng , Qin Zhenjun , Bao Zeming , Xu Lijia , Wang Yongzhi
Published: January 2024

Fungiidae have shown increased thermal adaptability in coral reef ecosystems under global warming. This study analyzes the evolutionary divergence and microbial communities of Fungiidae in the Sanjiao Reef of the southern South China Sea and explores the impact of coral evolution radiation and microbial dynamics on the heat tolerance of Fungiidae. The results found that
Cycloseris
was an ancient branch of Fungiidae, dating back approximately 147.8953 Mya, and Fungiidae differentiated into two ancestral clades (clades I and II) before 107.0312 Ma. Fungiidae exhibited specific symbioses with the
Cladocopium
C27 sub-clade. Notably, the
Cladocopium
C1 sub-clade has a high relative abundance in clade I, whereas the heat-tolerant
Cladocopium
C40 and C3u sub-clades subdominante in clade II. Regarding bacterial communities,
Cycloseris costulata
, the earliest divergent species, had higher bacterial β-diversity, while the latest divergent species,
Lithophyllon scabra
, displayed lower bacterial α-diversity and higher community stability. Beneficial bacteria dominante Fungiidae’s bacterial community (54%). The co-occurrence network revealed that microbial networks in clade II exhibited lower complexity and greater resilience than those in clade I. Our study highlights that host evolutionary radiation and microbial communities shaped Fungiidae’s thermal tolerance. The variability in subdominant Symbiodiniaceae populations may contribute to interspecific differences in thermal tolerance along the evolutionary branches of Fungiidae. The presence of abundant beneficial bacteria may further enhance the thermal ability of the Fungiidae. Furthermore, the later divergent species of Fungiidae have stronger heat tolerance, possibly driven by the increased regulation ability of the host on the bacterial community, greater microbial community stability, and interaction network resistance.

IMPORTANCE

Coral reefs are facing significant threats due to global warming. The heat tolerance of coral holobionts depends on both the coral host and its microbiome. However, the association between coral evolutionary radiation and interspecific differences in microbial communities remains unclear. In this study, we investigated the role of evolutionary radiation and microbial community dynamics in shaping the thermal acclimation potential of Fungiidae in the Sanjiao Reef of the southern South China Sea. The study’s results suggest that evolutionary radiation enhances the thermal tolerance of Fungiidae. Fungiidae species that have diverged more recently have exhibited a higher presence of heat-tolerant Symbiodiniaceae taxa, more stable bacterial communities, and a robust and resilient microbial interaction network, improving the thermal adaptability of Fungiidae. In summary, this study provides new insights into the thermal adaptation patterns of corals under global warming conditions.
Supplemental Material: In situ U-Pb dating of Jurassic dinosaur bones from Sichuan Basin, South China
Authors: Qi Liang , Mingcai Hou , al. et
Published: January 2024

Analytical methods, Figures S1–S10, and supplemental data Tables S1–S6.  
Supplemental Material: Stratigraphic and geochronologic investigation of the Muddy Creek Basin: Implications for the Eocene tectonic evolution of southwest Montana
Authors: Thoresen H.E. , et al.
Published: January 2024

Zircon (U-Pb), Zircon (U-Th)/He, and Sanidine 40Ar/39Ar datasets, as well as full stratigraphic sections and maximum depositional age calculations.
Petrographical and petrophysical characterization of pre-salt Aptian carbonate reservoirs from the Santos Basin, Brazil
Authors: Zeitoum Najlah , Vidal Alexandre Campane , Ruidiaz Eddy Muñoz , de Almeida Rafael Valladares
Published: January 2024

Reservoir quality in carbonates is influenced by various factors such as the depositional environment, burial history and diagenesis processes. Understanding these geological heterogeneities is essential for successful petroleum exploration. This study characterizes Brazilian pre-salt reservoirs and aims to understand how their heterogeneity impacts reservoir quality. We analysed carbonate samples from the Barra Velha Formation (Santos Basin) through an integration of petrographical and core plug descriptions, petrographical facies characterization, porosity and permeability measurements, and image analysis to identify the principal controls on porosity and permeability, pore-size distribution, and groups with similar petrophysical properties using the hydraulic flow unit (HFU) concept. Five facies groups were recognized: Spherulitestone (F1); Shrubstone (F2); Intraclastic Grainstone (F3); Intraclastic Packstone, Spherulitestone with mud and Shrubstone with mud (F4); and Shrub–Spherulite Intercalations and Bioclastic Grainstone (F5). The analysis of porosity and permeability showed that their variations are associated with pore type and cementation rate. Greater contributions of inter-aggregate, interparticle and vugular porosity, combined with a reduced amount of cement, results in higher porosity and permeability but an increase in cement tends to reduce the porosity and permeability. Among the facies groups, F2 and F3 exhibited the best porosities and permeabilities, followed by F1, F4 and F5. From image analysis, small pores (1.5 × 10
−5
–0.01 mm
2
) are the most common in all rocks. However, these small pores contributed significantly to total porosity only in F4 and some samples of F3. For F2 and F3, the large pores (from 0.01 mm
2
to a maximum of 19.62 mm
2
) are the main contributors, while F5 has a homogeneous contribution. Finally, the data were grouped into five HFUs: HFU1 and HFU2 represent the zones with the best reservoir quality, primarily composed of F2 and F3.
Effect of Pr and Mn co-substitution on Structural and Optical Properties of Bismuth Ferrite
Authors: Rani Sonu , Shekhar Mukesh , Dev Amar , Prasad Surabhi , Kar Manoranjan , Kumar Pawan
Published: January 2024

One of the most recent developments in the area of modern optics arises due to perovskite materials. The ABO3 perovskite materials like bismuth ferrite is an appealing alternative for various optical devices. Hence, in the present study, Praseodymium (Pr) and Manganese (Mn) co-substituted bismuth ferrite ceramics are prepared by the modified sol-gel method and the correlation between structural and optical properties with the variation in co-substitution concentration has been investigated. Rietveld refinement of X-ray diffraction patterns demonstrates a structural phase change in crystal symmetry from rhombohedral to orthorhombic phase with the increase in concentration for x ≥ 0.025. Lattice deformation in the co-substituted samples is confirmed by Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) and Raman spectra. UV–vis diffuse reflectance spectra confirm the strong absorption of light in the visible region. Furthermore, optical energy band gap decreases from 1.95 eV to 1.50 eV with increase in concentration from x = 0.000 to x = 0.100. The refractive index attains the maximum value i.e. 6.16 for x = 0.025 whereas it drops to minimum value of 4.06 for x = 0.100. This demonstrates that the structural modification in bismuth ferrite can be used to tune its optical parameters for the device applications.
Ambipolarity Sensitivity Investigation using a Charge-Plasma TFET with Graphene Channel for Biomolecule Detection
Authors: Dash Sidhartha , Mishra Guru Prasad
Published: January 2024

This research proposes a label-free detection of neutral and charged biomolecules using a graphene channel-based charge-plasma tunnel field effect transistor (GC-CPTFET). The presence of a graphene channel provides a greater tunneling barrier at the channel/drain interface, significantly reducing ambipolarity and increasing the current gradient in the ambipolar condition. A nanocavity is created underneath the drain metal to investigate the sensitivity. Here, the various analog sensitivity parameters of the suggested biosensor are evaluated for a few neutral biomolecules in the ambipolar condition, including gelatin, biotin, and 3-aminopropyl-triethoxysilane (APTES). The sensor’s electrostatic performance, including its IDS-VGS characteristics, energy band, and tunneling distance, has been estimated in the ambipolar state. The sensitivity analysis is carried out in terms of ambipolar sensitivity (SAMB), transconductance (Sgm), cut-off frequency sensitivity (Sft), and maximum frequency sensitivity (Sfm). Further research has been done to study the effects of Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA), a charged biomolecule (k = 6) with varied positive and negative charge densities, on various sensitivity parameters. The detailed simulation work for the designed biosensor is achieved using the 2D Silvaco ATLAS device simulation tool.
Illumination-Dependent I-V Characteristics of MgF2/Al Multilayered Photodetector
Authors: Gaballah A. E. H. , Karmalawi Abdallah , ElMoghazy E. M.
Published: January 2024

The demand for highly efficient and sensitive photodetectors has driven extensive research in the field of optoelectronics. In this study, a novel photodetector utilizing a multilayered structure based on MgF2/Al/Si is presented. The heterostructure device was fabricated using the electron beam deposition technique, and their structural, and electrical properties were thoroughly characterized. The optoelectronic properties were explained based on the thermionic emission (TE) theory under different light intensities. Additionally, a comprehensive study was established to explore the diode electronic parameters, such as the ideality factor (n), potential barrier height (Φ0), and series resistance (Rs), using the methods proposed by Cheung and Nord. The photocurrent shows an increase with higher illumination intensity, indicating efficient generation of electron-hole pairs within the device. Additionally, the photo-transient time measured under an irradiance level of approximately 1000 W m−2 exhibits a fast detection of light. Furthermore, the MgF2 photodetector showed remarkable stability, offering long-term reliability for practical applications. Overall, this research offers valuable perspectives on the potential of MgF2 as a competent substance for the development of highly efficient and sensitive photodetectors for various optoelectronic applications.
Concurrent Enrollment ADN-BSN Programs: A Call to Expand Access to This Innovative Approach to the BSN
Authors: Nelson J. Michelle
Published: January 2024

Background. The National Education Progression in Nursing’s current goal is for one million incumbent nurses and 90% of new ADN nurses to achieve a BSN or higher by 2025 in the United States. To meet this goal, programs nationwide are exploring options to increase BSN graduates. One method is the concurrent enrollment ADN-BSN pathway. This review examines how nurse educators develop and implement concurrent enrollment ADN-BSN programs in the US and calls to expand access to this important approach to academic progression in nursing. Method. A PRISMA search strategy was used to identify articles that detailed the development and implementation of dual-admission nursing programs. Ten relevant works were analyzed in this review. Results. Dual enrollment programs vary in program type and implementation methods nationwide and offer an innovative, cost-effective, and time-efficient approach to obtaining the BSN. Conclusion. While employing dual or concurrent enrollment partnerships between community colleges and universities is a complex endeavor, these programs are a powerful and cost-effective way to increase the number of BSN nurses in the workforce and should be considered for expansion as we promote academic progression for all nurses.
Evaluation of Sterify Gel as an Adjunctive Treatment to Scaling and Root Planing in Promoting Healing of Periodontal Pockets: A Split‐Mouth Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Levrini Luca , Rossini Michela , Truppello Elisa , Sevi Simone , Fiorini Enrico , Benedicenti Stefano , Pasquale Claudio , Farronato Davide
Published: January 2024

Background. Periodontal disease is a common infectious disease that leads to the destruction of tooth‐supporting structures. Current treatments, such as scaling and root planing (SRP), have limitations in deep and complex pockets, and antibiotic use carries the risk of resistance. Sterify Gel, a medical device composed of polyvinyl polymers, hydroxytyrosol, nisin, and magnesium ascorbyl phosphate, offers a new approach to periodontal care. This study aims to evaluate the safety and efficacy of Sterify Gel as an adjunctive treatment to SRP in promoting the healing of periodontal pockets. Methods. The study includes 34 patients with moderate to advanced chronic periodontal disease. Randomization assigned one site for SRP alone (control) and the other site for SRP with Sterify Gel (treatment). Periodontal parameters were evaluated at baseline, 1, 2, and 3 months after treatment bacterial contamination was assessed through quantitative PCR at baseline and 3 months after treatment. Statistical analysis was conducted using ANOVA and Wilcoxon test. Results. Treatment with Sterify Gel and SRP demonstrated significant improvements in pocket depth, gingival recession, and clinical attachment level compared with SRP alone. Bleeding and plaque indexes, pain perception, tooth mobility, and furcations showed no significant differences between the two groups. The treatment group showed a reduction in bacterial contamination at 3 months. Conclusions. Sterify Gel in combination with SRP shows the potential for improving periodontal health by promoting healing and reducing periodontal pockets. It may offer benefits in preventing bacterial recolonization and reducing reliance on antibiotics.
Disruption of OVOL2 Distal Regulatory Elements as a Possible Mechanism Implicated in Corneal Endothelial Dystrophy
Authors: Dudakova Lubica , Noskova Lenka , Kmoch Stanislav , Filipec Martin , Filous Ales , Davidson Alice E. , Toulis Vasileios , Jedlickova Jana , Skalicka Pavlina , Hartmannova Hana , Stranecky Viktor , Drabova Jana , Novotna Drahuse , Havlovicova Marketa , Sedlacek Zdenek , Liskova Petra
Published: January 2024

The genetic architecture of corneal endothelial dystrophies remains unknown in a substantial number of affected individuals. The proband investigated in the current study was diagnosed in the neonatal period with bilateral corneal opacification due to primary endothelial cell dysfunction. Neither his parents nor his sister had signs of corneal disease. Conventional karyotyping revealed a de novo translocation involving chromosomes 3 and 20, t(3;20)(q25;p11-12). Following genome and targeted Sanger sequencing analysis, the breakpoints were mapped at the nucleotide level. Notably, the breakpoint on chromosome 20 was identified to lie within the same topologically associated domain (TAD) as corneal endothelial dystrophy-associated gene OVOL2, and it is predicted to disrupt distal enhancers. The breakpoint at chromosome 3 is located within intron 2 of PFN2, which is currently not associated with any human disease. Further interrogation of the proband’s genome failed to identify any additional potentially pathogenic variants in corneal endothelial dystrophy-associated genes. Disruption of a candidate cis-regulatory element and/or positional effects induced by translocation of OVOL2 to a novel genomic context may lead to an aberrant OVOL2 expression, a previously characterized disease mechanism of corneal endothelial dystrophy. Further research is necessary to explore how disruption of regulatory elements may elucidate genetically unsolved corneal endothelial dystrophies.
Effects of Acupuncture-Point Stimulation on Perioperative Sleep Disorders: A Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis and Trial Sequential Analysis
Authors: Liu Ying , Li Yi , Liu Meinv , Zhang Meng , Wang Jing , Li Jianli
Published: January 2024

Background. Perioperative sleep disorders exert a severe adverse impact on postoperative recovery. Recently, some observational studies reported that acupuncture-point stimulation (APS) provided benefits for promoting perioperative sleep quality. However, the effects of APS on perioperative sleep disorders following general anesthesia have not been thoroughly assessed by any systematic study and meta-analysis. Therefore, we conducted this systematic review and meta-analysis to reveal the effects of APS on perioperative sleep disorders. Methods. Eight databases (Chinese: CNKI, VIP, CBM, and Wanfang; English: PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library) were thoroughly searched to find randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that indicated a link between APS and the occurrence of perioperative sleep disorders. We applied RevMan 5.4 (Cochrane Collaboration) and Stata 16.0 (Stata Corp) to conduct our meta-analysis. In addition, the trial sequential analysis (TSA) tool was utilized to estimate the validity and reliability of the data. Results. In this study, nine RCTs with 719 patients were conducted. Compared to the control group, APS significantly improved perioperative subjective sleep quality (SMD: −1.36; 95% CI: −1.71 to −1.01; P<0.00001). Besides, it increased perioperative TST (preoperative period MD = 24.29, 95% CI: 6.4 to 42.18, P=0.0008; postoperative period MD = 45.86, 95% CI: 30.00 to 61.71, P<0.00001) and SE (preoperative MD = 3.62, 95% CI: 2.84 to 4.39, P<0.00001; postoperative MD = 6.43, 95% CI: 0.95 to 11.73, P<0.00001). The consequence of trial sequential analysis further confirmed the reliability of our meta-analysis results. Conclusion. According to the currently available evidence, APS could effectively improve perioperative sleep quality and play an essential role in decreasing the incidence of perioperative sleep disorders.