bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of Cryotherapy in Plantar Fasciitis
Authors: Rupareliya Disha A. , Shukla Yagna U.
Published: October 2021

Background: Plantar fasciitis is one of the most common causes of heel pain in adults. It is very painful and disabling condition and most patients seek medical attention. Cryotherapy is the application of cold to the part of the body for reducing local temperature.
Methodology: 30 subjects diagnosed as plantar fasciitis and fulfilling inclusion and exclusion criteria were included in the study. Written informed consent was taken and study was undertaken. Subjects were randomly divided into two groups, Group A received cryotherapy along with conventional physiotherapy and Group B received only conventional physiotherapy. All the patients were treated once daily and for 6 days.
Results: Wilcoxon signed rank test applied for NPRS and FFI showed significant improvement within both the groups (p<0.05). Mann Whitney U test applied for NPRS and FFI showed significant improvement in Group A (Study group) as compared to Group B (Control group) (p<0.05).
Conclusion: Cryotherapy along with conventional physiotherapy is found to be effective in reducing pain and improving function and hence helps early rehabilitation in plantar fasciitis.

Key words: Plantar fasciitis, Cryoflow IR, Foot function index.
Comparison of Dynamic Balance in Football Players with and without Genu Varum Using Star Excursion Balance Test
Authors: Shah Nirbhay , Palkar Anagha
Published: October 2021

Background and Aims: Genu Varum is an angular deformity of the knee that is responsible for the alteration of the forces at the knee so that the line of force shifts farther medially from the knee joint centre intensifying the medial compartment load and creating a medial joint reaction force that is nearly three and a half times that of the lateral compartment. Football is a high intensity sport that places inordinate amounts of load and torque on the knee joint making it more susceptible to growth deformities in the developing age groups. Genu varum is a predisposing factor to lateral instability which affects dynamic balance. This study consists of a comparison in dynamic balance between professional football players, those without a knee deformity and those with genu varum deformity using the Star excursion balance test.
Methodology: A comparative study was conducted among 40 elite level football players and they were divided into two groups one of which consisted football players without a knee deformity and the other group which comprised of football players with genu varum. Genu varum was calculated using the intercondylar distance measure. Star excursion balance test was used to assess dynamic balance of each individual and their average distances were calculated for each direction in the test.
Results: The Reach Distances in the anterior direction showed no significant difference (P>0.05) between the control and Group Bs whereas significant differences (P<0.05) were obtained in the Posteromedial and Posterolateral directions.
Conclusion: There was no significant difference in reach distances in the anterior direction but significant differences in the reach distances were observed in the posteromedial as well as the posterolateral direction suggesting that genu varum deformity does affect the dynamic balance in elite level football players.

Key words: Genu Varum, Football Players, Dynamic Balance, Star excursion balance test.
Effect of Post Isometric Relaxation with Deep Neck Flexor Exercise in Subacute Mechanical Neck Pain
Authors: Chauhan Priyanka , Attrey Pooja , Singh Anand Kumar
Published: October 2021

Background: Mechanical neck pain (MNP) is the most common type of pain confined in the posterior aspect of neck, also known as nonspecific or simple neck pain affecting two thirds of the general population at some time in their lives.
Prevalence: Neck pain is most common muscular skeletal condition affecting up to 70% of individual and 5% to 10% of adults having a disabling neck pain problem. Neck pain is more common in women than men. The prevalence of neck pain in the general population has been reported to be 15% for men and 23% for women.
Objectives of the Study:

To find out the effect of Post Isometric Relaxation (PIR) along with Deep Neck Flexor (DNF) exercises in reducing pain and disability and improving ROM in patient with sub-acute mechanical neck pain.
To find out the effect of Deep Neck Flexor exercise alone in reducing pain and disability and improving ROM in patient with sub-acute mechanical neck pain.
To compare whether Post Isometric Relaxation (PIR) along with Deep Neck Flexor exercises or Deep Neck Flexor exercises alone are effective in reducing pain and disability and improving ROM in patient with sub-acute mechanical neck pain
Methods: Study included 30 patients with lateral epicondylitis between ages 30-50 years. The subjects were randomly divided into 2 groups: Group-A and Group-B. Group A (n = 15) was treated using Cyriax physiotherapy, group B (n = 15) was treated with movement with mobilization. Patients were treated for 3 times a week for 4 weeks. Outcome measures are NPRS (Numeric Pain Rating Scale) and DASH (The Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand).
Results: The results of the study indicate that there were highly statistically significant improvement in functional disability on NDI, cervical lateral flexion(Right & Left), rotation (Right & Left) ROM and reduction in pain on VAS in Group-A as compared to Group-B. There was no significant difference observed when the groups were compared for cervical flexion and extension ROM.
Conclusion: From the result it is concluded that Post isometric relaxation with DNF exercise is effective in mechanical neck pain.
Key words: Mechanical neck pain (MNP), Post Isometric Relaxation (PIR), Deep Neck Flexor (DNF) exercise.
Bilateral Sensorineural Hearing Loss and Septic Arthritis in Streptococcus suis Meningitis Patient:
A Case Report
Authors: Goller Astari Arum Cendani , Sihanto Rindha Dwi , Ayu Putri Laksmidewi Anak Agung
Published: October 2021

Background/aim: Bacterial meningitis is inflammation of the lining of the brain due to bacterial invasion of the CNS, especially in the cerebrospinal fluid in the subarachnoid and ventricles. Transmission of S. suis to humans occurs through direct contact with pigs and their processed products and consuming raw pork products. This case report reports a case of meningitis S. Suis with symptoms of decreased consciousness, bilateral sensorineural deafness and arthritis.
Case: with a gradual loss of consciousness accompanied by headache and fever. The patient works in a pig slaughterhouse, and often consumes processed pork. The patient has decreased consciousness, fever, stiff neck, headache and septic arthritis. The patient found S.Suis type I in the blood, joint fluid culture (+), and CSF culture (+). The patient was treated with ceftriaxone according to CSF sensitivity culture test, dexamethasone and antipyretic/ analgesic as adjuvants. Patient recovered with improved genu arthritis and bilateral sensorineural hearing loss.
Conclusion: Transmission of S. suis to humans occurs through direct contact with pork and its raw processed products. Clinical manifestations such as headache, fever, nausea and vomiting accompanied by signs of meningeal stimulation. The most prominent and frequently reported symptom is hearing loss. Definitive diagnosis is highly dependent on clinical examination, CSF culture and blood culture. Antibiotic therapy for 14 days, corticosteroids are the treatment of choice in bacterial meningitis. A frequently reported complication with sensorineural loss. Death is frequently reported in cases with systemic infection.

Keywords: Bacterial meningitis, Streptococcus Suis, sensorineural hearing loss, arthritis septic, infected pigs and pork products.
Ileosigmoid Knotting: Clinical Profiles and Prognostic Outcomes among Patients in a Rural Medical College: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Maulik Dhrubajyoti , Mandal Debjyoti
Published: October 2021

Background: Ileosigmoid knotting (ISK) is one of the rare causes of acute intestinal obstruction. It has a rapid course for forming gangrene. In this condition, the ileum and sigmoid colon wrap around each other, causing a knot and strangulation of both structures. ISK is extremely rare in North America most cases are reported in Asia and Africa. This is a surgical emergency and an attempt to relieve the obstruction must be done promptly. The management may range from a resection and anastomosis of the ileum and Sigmoid Colon, ileostomy and Hartmann's procedure depending on patients condition and gangrenous bowel segment.
Method: It is a retrospective study. Data collection was done for three years from September 2018 to August 2021 in Bankura Sammilani Medical College and Hospital in the Department of General Surgery.
Result: In our study 26 patients (M: F ratio 3:1) was identified with ileosigmoid knotting. The mean age of the patients are 43 years (SD+/- 13) in the study population. It more commonly affects males (76.92%) who are in the fourth decade of life. About fifty percent patients (53.84%) presented with shock (chi square test p value <0.05). The double segment gangrene (69.23%) is the most common presentation than single segment. The most of the patients was operated with ileal and sigmoid colon resection and ileostomy and colostomy. The septicemia (23.07%) is the most common cause of mortality in the study (chi square test p value <0.05).
Conclusion: Ileosigmoid knotting is a rare cause of intestinal obstruction and bowel ischemia. So the early diagnosis and prompt surgical intervention in general includes bowel resection with ileostomy and or colostomy and or primary anastomosis.

Keywords: Ileosigmoid knotting, volvulus, gangrene, ileostomy, Hartmann’s procedure.
Relationship between Family Income and Support for Health Workers on Exclusive Breastfeeding in Indragiri Hulu District
Authors: Zulniati Merry , Aritonang Evawany Y. , . Asfriyati
Published: October 2021

Exclusive breastfeeding (ASI) is the practice of breastfeeding without giving the baby any other food or drink other than breast milk. Exclusive breastfeeding is the basis for the continuity of the child's life and health because breast milk is irreplaceable for its nutrition for the growth and development of children. A country is said to be developed if the infant mortality rate is low and the health status is good. Breastfeeding is important because the amount of breast milk is needed by babies until the age of 6 months, by breastfeeding can reduce infant mortality. This study aims to determine the relationship between family income and support for health workers on exclusive breastfeeding in Indragiri Hulu District. The type of research used is observational quantitative using a cross sectional research design. The number of samples was 173 mothers who had babies aged 6-8 months. Research analysis was conducted using bivariate test. The results showed that there was a relationship between family income (p=0.005) and exclusive breastfeeding. There was no relationship between the support of health workers on exclusive breastfeeding (p=0.410). It is recommended for health workers to conduct more in-depth counseling, especially counseling about what the true meaning of exclusive breastfeeding for babies is when pregnant women are born until their babies are born and can increase the coverage of exclusive breastfeeding in Indragiri Hulu District.

Keywords: Family Income, Support for Health Workers, Exclusive Breastfeeding.
Türkiye’nin Covid-19 Sürecini Yaşlılar Üzerinden Düşünmek: Eleştirel Bir Söylem Analizi
Authors: DEMİRBAŞ Banu
Published: October 2021

Dünya üzerinde ortaya çıkan ilk vakanın ardından salgından en çok etkilenen grubun yaşlılar, kronik rahatsızlığı olanlar, kanser hastaları, kronik solunum yolu hastalığı olanlar ve sağlık çalışanları olduğu sürekli olarak kamuoyuyla paylaşılmıştır. Bunun yanında yaşlarından dolayı birden fazla hastalığa sahip olan yaşlıların COVID-19’dan daha çok etkilendiği ve yaşlıları korumak için mecbur kalmadıkça dışarı çıkmamaları gerektiği hem hükümet söylemleriyle hem de medya yoluyla sürekli olarak hatırlatılmıştır. Özellikle 11 Mart 2020’de ülkede ilk vakanın görülmesiyle vaka ve ölüm sayılarının yaşlılar üzerinden açıklanması, salgının tehlikeli boyutunu gözler önüne sermiş ve yaşlılar için “evde kal” çağrısı yapılmıştır. Bu çağrılar yaşlıların risk altında olduğunu hatırlatmak ve onları korumak için yapılırken zamanla halk tarafından bu söylemlerin yönü değişmiş ve yaşlıların özellikle sosyal medya yoluyla damgalandığı, ötekileştirildiği ve nefret söylemine maruz kaldığı görülmüştür. Bu çalışma, Twitter’da gençler tarafından yaşlılara yönelik olumsuz söylemler içeren tweet’leri anlamlandırmak amacıyla yapılmıştır. Çalışmanın amacına bağlı olarak nitel araştırma yöntem ve teknikleri kullanılmış ve pandemi döneminde Twitter’da paylaşılan tweet’ler sürekli okumalar sonucunda temalar altında toplanarak Teun A. van Dijk’ın eleştirel söylem analizi yöntemiyle analiz edilmiş ve yaşlıların pandemi dönemiyle birlikte karşılaştıkları sorunlar değerlendirilmiştir.
Tissue based biomarkers in non-clear cell RCC: Correlative analysis from the ASPEN clinical trial
Authors:   Duke University and the Duke Cancer Institute Center for Prostate and Urologic Cancers, Durham, Halabi Susan , Yang Qian , Carmack Andrea , Zhang Shiqi , Foo Wen-Chi , Eisen Tim , Stadler Walter , Jones Robert , Garcia Jorge , Picus Joel , Hawkins Robert , Hainsworth John , Kollmannsberger Christian , Logan Theodore , Puzanov Igor , Pickering Lisa , Ryan Christopher , Protheroe Andrew , George Daniel , Armstrong Andrew
Published: October 2021

Biomarkers are needed in patients with non-clear cell renal cell carcinomas (NC-RCC), particularly papillary renal cell carcinoma, in order to inform on initial treatment selection and identify potentially novel targets for therapy. We enrolled 108 patients in ASPEN, an international randomized open-label phase 2 trial of patients with metastatic papillary, chromophobe, or unclassified NC-RCC treated with the mTOR inhibitor everolimus (n=57) or the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) receptor inhibitor sunitinib (n=51), stratified by MSKCC risk and histology. The primary endpoint was overall survival (OS) and secondary efficacy endpoints for this exploratory biomarker analysis were radiographic progression-free survival (rPFS) defined by intention-to-treat using the RECIST 1.1 criteria and radiographic response rates. Tissue biomarkers (n=78) of mTOR pathway activation (phospho-S6 and -Akt, c-kit) and VEGF pathway activation (HIF-1α, c-MET) were prospectively explored in tumor tissue by immunohistochemistry prior to treatment and associated with clinical outcomes. We found that S6 activation was more common in poor-risk NC-RCC tumors and S6/Akt activation was associated with worse PFS and OS outcomes with both everolimus and sunitinib, while c-kit was commonly expressed in chromophobe tumors and associated with improved outcomes with both agents. C-MET was commonly expressed in papillary tumors and was associated with lower rates of radiographic response but did not predict PFS for either agent. In multivariable analysis, both pAkt and c-kit were statistically significant prognostic biomarkers of OS. No predictive biomarkers of treatment response were identified for clinical outcomes. Most biomarker subgroups had improved outcomes with sunitinib as compared to everolimus.
Obituario, Gerald Weiss (1932-2021)
Authors: O'Hagan Zachary
Published: October 2021

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Differences in Energy Expenditure and Typing Speed While Sitting, Standing, and Walking in College Students
Authors: Miller Fred , Barrow Avniel , Perez Adrian , Londono Calle Yenly
Published: October 2021

Introduction: The purpose of this study was to determine if caloric expenditure and typing speed differed among three positions (sitting, standing, walking).
Methods:  Participants included 40 college students (18-22 years, 30 males and 10 females) on either the baseball or track and field teams. Each participant was tested for 5 minutes in three different positions. Caloric expenditure was measured via indirect calorimetry and typing productivity via a 3-minute typing test. Repeated measures ANOVAs and T-Tests were performed to determine statistical differences for caloric expenditure and typing speed.
Results: Caloric expenditure (calories per 5 minutes) was significantly higher for walking (16.4 ± 3.1) than for sitting (9.0 ± 2.4, p <0.0001) and standing (9.4 ± 2.0, p <0.0001). For typing productivity, standing resulted in faster typing speed than walking (37.4 ± 10.2 vs. 34.7 ± 10.7 wpm, p = 0096).
Conclusions: Using a standup walking desk to type while working expends significantly more calories than typing while sitting or standing at a desk. However, typing speed was significantly higher while standing at a desk than while walking at a desk.
Ciclo de precios, producción, empleo y salarios
Authors: Becerra Emperatriz , Arcos Oscar , Gonzáles Jorge Ivan
Published: October 2021

El examen presentado en el Documento “Inflación y Pacto Social” permitió determinar algunas de las causas estructurales de la inflación. Entre esas se mencionaron las “condiciones de oferta”. En líneas generales, las “condiciones de oferta” abarcan los procesos relacionados con la producción y la distribución. Dentro de “la amplia gama de aspectos que cubren estas etapas hemos escogido cuatro: el valor del producto final, la productividad, los salaros y el empleo. Restringiendo aún más el análisis, solo haremos referencia a las industrias de alimentos y vestidos. No contamos con la información necesaria para estudiar los demás sectores.

En estas páginas hacemos un análisis detallado de las interacciones que se presentan entre los salarios, los precios, el empleo y la producción. Se ha tratado de conjugar el rigor técnico con una exposición que esté al alcance de quienes no están familiarizados con la formalización utilizada por los economístas. El documento desvirtúa afirmaciones ligeras que se suelen hacer sobre la relación entre los salarios, el empleo y la producción.
Violencia de los derechos fundamentales en Antioquia: Norte, Nordeste y Bajo Cauca
Authors: Hernández Garay Omar
Published: October 2021

El Centro de Investigación y Educación Popular, Cinep, presenta un balance del acompañamiento y seguimiento a las regiones norte, nordeste y bajo Cauca, ubicadas en la esquina nororiental del departamento de Antioquia, parte norte del país. El trabajo de recolección de información se realizó a través de carias jornadas de campo, talleres y un proceso de sistematización permanente de Organizaciones No Gubernamentales de Derechos Humanos de las regiones, recogiendo los testimonios de víctimas y testigos de graves hechos violatorios de los derechos fundamentales.

Este informa contiene una parte central sobre la situación de derechos humanos en las regiones mencionadas, y un anexo sobre investigaciones de caso, como el ocurrido en el municipio de Segovia en el mes de marzo de 1995.
América Latina en una encrucijada: ¿Modernizaciones alternativas, postliberalismo o posdesarrollo?
Authors: Escobar Arturo
Published: October 2021

El artículo caracteriza las actuales transformaciones socioeconómicas, políticas y culturales en Sudamérica, se pregunta si estas constituyen formas alternativas de modernización o si tienden a transformaciones sociales más radicales que podrían definiré como “alternativas a la modernidad”. Discute los cambios específicos introduciendo en los estados de Ecuador y Bolivia y su relación con los movimientos sociales. Plantea un debate entre formas liberales y post-liberales en términos de ontologías dualistas y relacionales. Concluye contrastando las distintas perspectivas de los estados y los movimientos sociales ante las transformaciones en marcha.

Latin America at a Crossroad: Alternative Modernization, Postliberalism or Postdevolepment?

This article discusses the current socioeconomic, political, and cultural transformations in South America, it wonders if these are alternative forms of modernization or if these tend to be more redical social changes, which might be defined as “alternative modernity”. Discusses the specific changes introduced in the state of Ecuador and Bolivia, and its relationship to social movements. This article proposes also a debate between liberal and post-liberal forms in terms of dualist and relational ontology. It concludes by contrasting the different perspective of states and social movements in face off the changes in progress.

 

Keywords: Modernities, Post-Development, Social Movements, Ecuador, Bolivia, Ontologies.
Dual Mechanism Inhibitor Control and Pharmacological Utility of Drug Resistance FLT3-ITD in Acute Myeloid Leukemia Cells
Authors: Rogdaki Maria , Xiao Xinhua
Published: October 2021

FLT3 mutations are among the most common genetic alterations in acute-myeloid leukemia (AML). They are associated with poor prognosis. Multiple FLT3 inhibitors have been in clinical evaluation at various stages. Resistance to FLT3 inhibitors due to acquired point mutations in the tyrosine-kinase domain (TKD), have limited the effectiveness of treatments. A “gatekeeper” mutation (F691L), is also resistant to most FLT3 inhibitors. New therapies are therefore needed. FLT3 inhibitors are needed to protect against FLT3-TKD mutations and FLT3 internal tandem duplicate (FLT3–ITD). We identified KX2-391, a dual FLT3/tubulin inhibitor, and examined its efficacy and mechanisms for overcoming drug-resistant FLT3ITD-TKD mutations. KX2-391 had potent growth inhibitory effects and apoptosis promoting effects on AML cell lines that harbor FLT3-ITD mutations. KX2-391 orally administered significantly prolonged the survival time of a murine model with leukemia caused by FLT3ITD-F691L. KX2-391 also inhibited growth of primary AML cells that express FLT3ITD-F691L and 2 primary cells that are FLT3ITD-D835Y. Preclinical data suggest that KX2-391 is a promising FLT3 inhibitor. The treatment of AML patients with FLT3 mutations, particularly refractory/relapsed patients suffering from F691L or other FLT3TKD mutations.
An Exploratory Study of Building Information Modelling Maturity in the Construction Industry
Authors:   Universiti Sains Malaysia, Malaysia, Yusof Nor’Aini , Ishak Siti Salwa Mohd ,   Universiti Sains Malaysia, Malaysia, Doheim Rahma ,   Effat University, Saudi Arabia and Assiut University, Egypt
Published: October 2021

Despite the benefits of Building Information Modelling (BIM), the adoption level of BIM remains much lower than expected. Construction companies should appraise the existing condition in the BIM implementation to ascertain the applicable progress avenues that fit the user’s traits. To achieve this aim, the objectives of this paper are i) to identify the trends of BIM maturity studies ii) to conceptualise what is BIM maturity; iii) to identify the existing models of BIM maturity iv) to identify the indicators for measuring BIM maturity in the company, the project and the industry. A systematic review was conducted on BIM maturity articles, published in the Scopus database from 2008 to April 2018. The results reveal that most BIM maturity studies are dominated by authors from the United Kingdom and the United States, but the top three authors highly-cited were from Australia, Canada and the United Kingdom. The results highlight four aspects in the conceptualisation of BIM maturity: quality of use, the extent of use, the context of use and stages of the processes. The four most frequently quoted BIM maturity models are the National BIM Standard Capability Maturity Model, BIM maturity, BIM proficiency matrix and BIM implementation models. The results revealed seven major indicators for assessing BIM maturity namely information, people, policy, process, technology, organisation and BIM output. The findings advance the practitioners’ understanding of important indicators that must be considered to initiate or increase the BIM maturity levels in their respective companies or projects.
The Impact of Social Media on Mental Health of Under Graduate Students of Nadia District in West Bengal During Covid-19 Pandemic
Authors: Biswas Santu , Bhattacharyya Dibyendu
Published: October 2021

The world is going through panic, fear, anxiety, stress, worry and isolation because of COVID 19 pandemic and lockdown. Almost one third of the world population is living under some kind of quarantine or lockdown. All these things affect the mental health of any individual a lot. At this time of social distancing and self-isolation, social media can be an indispensible tool for keeping you in touch with friends, online class, loved ones and the wider world. But be mindful of how it makes you feels. If spending time on social media enhance your stress, anxiety, and uncertainty, takes steps to limit your engagements. And always check reputable news sources before believing—or forwarding—any rumors about COVID-19 pandemic that may cause panic. In West Bengal, Government has declared that all educational institutes will remain closed till 10th June, 2020. Studies in different parts of the world stated that even in normal time, depression, anxiety, stress among under graduate college students are high. Several reasons are there. In this situation the researcher wanted to carry out the study to find out the condition of the Mental Health of the under Graduate Students of Nadia District in West Bengal during lockdown and how they are facing this pandemic situation.
Government’s Powers During an Emergency
Authors: Azmi Zaki
Published: October 2021

This write-up looks into the political situation that existed in Malaysia commencing with the 2018 General Election when Pakatan Harapan toppled the long-established Barisan Nasional and thereafter fall of Pakatan Harapan (PH) Government in 2020. Thereafter the Perikatan Nasional (PN) led by Tan Sri Muhyiddin Yassin took over the government. The PN Government was accused of being a back-door government. Immediately after PN took over the Government, the world, including Malaysia, faced the Covid-19 pandemic. At the same time, the PN Government, which included UMNO and PAS, had only a very small majority in Parliament. The issue of the Government invoking the Emergency powers under Article 150 of the Federal Constitution was extensively discussed amongst the politicians and writers. Article 150 became very relevant. A major part of this write-up (which is supported by legal authorities) involves the legality of the Government invoking Article 150 towards fighting the Covid-19 pandemic in Malaysia.
Ad hoc networks capacity scaling problem
Authors: Hasković Džubur Adisa , Čolaković Alem , Memić Belma , Avdagić-Golub Elma
Published: October 2021

A large number of researchers found their interest in addressing the issue of capacity scaling for wireless ad hoc networks. This paper aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the development of capacity scaling laws in wireless networks, highlighting the problem of scaling as one of the basic challenges in their research. The review began with the definition of the notion of bandwidth of random networks, which were taken as a reference model of consideration when determining more advanced strategies for improving throughput capacity. Based on these strategies, other factors that have an impact on capacity scaling laws have been identified and elaborated. Finally, the capacity of hybrid wireless networks, ie networks in which at least two types of nodes functionally exist (ad hoc nodes/infrastructure nodes / auxiliary nodes), was partially investigated.
Perbedaan Tingkat Pengetahuan Siswa Sebelum Dan Sesudah Diberikan Penyuluhan Pencegahan Hiv/Aids
Authors: Liawati FNU
Published: October 2021

Latar Belakang: Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) adalah sejenis virus yang menyerang/menginfeksi sel darah putih yang menyebabkan turunnya kekebalan tubuh manusia. Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) adalah sekumpulan gejala penyakit yang timbul karena turunnya kekebalan tubuh yang disebabkan infeksi oleh HIV. Penyakit HIV/AIDS merupakan salah satu penyakit menular yang bisa diakibatkan melalui perilaku seks yang tidak sehat dan penggunan alat suntik narkoba bersama. Remaja merupakan salah satu kelompok umur yang rentan terhadap kasus HIV. Mengingat isu pokok dalam kesehatan reproduksi remaja terutama pada penyakit menular seksual dan HIV/AIDS. Upaya yang diperlukan untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan remaja terkait HIV dan AIDS yaitu melalui program penyuluhan, dan promosi kesehatan. Tujuan Penelitian: Untuk mengetahui perbedaan tingkat pengetahuan siswa sebelum dan sesudah diberikan penyuluhan mengenai pencegahan HIV/AIDS di SMK Kesehatan Rajawali Tahun 2018. Metode Penelitian: Pra eksperimen desain One Group Pretest-Postest. Sampel yaitu 56 responden dan teknik pengambilan sampel simple random sampling. Analisa data Uji Wilcoxon. Hasil: Pengetahuan siswa sebelum diberikan penyuluhan yaitu pada kategori pengetahuan baik sebesar 6,2%, cukup 79,2% dan kurang 14,6%. Setelah diberikan penyuluhan tingkat pengetahuan baik sebesar 91,7% (n=44), cukup 8,3%. Simpulan: Terdapat perbedaan tingkat pengetahuan yang bermakna sebelum dan setelah diberikan penyuluhan.
Pengukuran Faktor Yang Berpengaruh Terhadap Produktivita Bidan Dalam Pelayanan Manajemen Terpadu Balita Sakit
Authors: Barbara Maria A.D.
Published: October 2021

Latar Belakang : Produktivitas berhubungan dengan kepemimpinan, lingkungan kerja, motivasi dan kompetensi bidan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh langsung dan tidak langsung serta besarnya pengaruh Kepemimpinan Atasan, Lingkungan Kerja, Motivasi, dan Kompetensi Bidan terhadap Produktivitas Bidan dalam Pelayanan Manajemen Terpadu Balita Sakit (MTBS) di Puskesmas Nita, Maumere NTT Tahun 2016. Metode Penelitian : dalam penelitian ini menggunakan desain cross sectional dengan pendekatan kuantitatif. Sampel yang digunakan sebanyak 32 Bidan. Metode analisis dengan Struktural Equation Model (SEM). Hasil Penelitian menunjukkan adanya pengaruh langsung Kepemimpinan Atasan terhadap Produktivitas Bidan 15,11%. Ada pengaruh langsung lingkungan kerja terhadap produktivitas bidan sebesar 34,66%. Saran Pengaruh langsung Motivasi terhadap Produktivitas Bidan 11,15% dan Kompetensi Bidan terhadap Produktivitas 28,00%. Disarankan agar Pimpinan Puskesmas Nita dan bidan koordinator dapat melalukan sosialisasi mengenai tujuan program kerja yang jelas, membuat program penghargaan atas prestasi kerja, membuat kebijakan insentif yang adil, memberikan pelatihan, seminar maupun workshop, dapat menciptakan kondisi kerja yang nyaman, dapat menghindarkan terjadinya konflik dalam bekerja sehingga diharapkan dengan terciptanya lingkungan kerja yang nyaman, Bidan dapat termotivasi untuk lebih meningkatkan kompetensi dirinya dalam pelayanan MTBS dan produktivitas kerjanya bisa meningkat pula.
De spiegel van Straatsburg
Authors: Crijns J.H. (Jan) , Hirsch Ballin M.F.H. (Marianne) , Verrest P.A.M. (Pieter)
Published: October 2021

De spiegel van Straatsburg

De redactie zag in de recente Straatsburgse veroordelingen aanleiding om de Nederlandse strafrechtspleging kritisch tegen het licht te (laten) houden voor wat betreft haar omgang met fundamentele rechten, waarbij niet alleen betekenis toekomt aan het EVRM maar ook in toenemende mate aan het Handvest voor de Grondrechten van de Europese Unie. Aldus staat dit nummer in het teken van de centrale vraag of het Nederlandse strafrecht nu en in de nabije toekomst in de spiegel van Straatsburg verdere bijsturing nodig heeft.
The Quality of Evidence-Based Morning Reports with an Interactive and Consultative Approach in the Viewpoint of Clinical Faculties and Residents: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Daryazadeh Saeideh , Adibi Payman
Published: October 2021

Background: Morning reports are important training programs (especially for residents) as they enhance clinical decision-making skills, social interactions, and participatory learning. Given the need to eliminate the educational gap and provide optimal conditions, educational interventions regarding morning reports are often implemented in the form of evidence-based morning reports with an interactive and consultative approach. Objectives: The present study aimed to evaluate the quality of evidence-based morning reports using an interactive and consultative approach. Methods: This qualitative study was conducted with an inductive approach in 2019 in Iran. Changes were made to develop an evidence-based morning report and create a friendly educational environment between faculty members and residents, as well as interactive learning among the residents. The intervention was assessed through explaining the experiences of 16 participants via individual semi-structured interviews. Purposive sampling continued until data saturation. Data analysis was performed in the MAXQDA10 software. Results: In total, 153 codes, two main categories (education and dimensions of change), six categories (educational deficiencies, influential factors in the quality of education, requirements, barriers, benefits, and response to change), and 20 subcategories were extracted. Conclusions: According to the results, the residents were satisfied with the changes, while the faculty members needed more justification and motivation. The strengths and weaknesses identified in the intervention could lay the groundwork for broader changes in the same clinical fields.
Evaluation of the Effect of Multiple Linear Gadolinium-Based Contrast Agent Exposures on the Signal Intensity of the Dentate Nucleus in Multiple Sclerosis Patients
Authors: Mohammadzadeh Maryam , Sheibani Zahra , Shakiba Madjid , Azimi Amir Reza , Hashemzadeh Arezou , Barzegar Mojtaba , Naghibi Hamed
Published: October 2021

Background: Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with gadolinium (GAD)-based contrast agents has been the imaging modality of choice for early detection and monitoring of multiple sclerosis (MS) patients. Objectives: This study aimed to assess the effect of multiple injections of linear GAD-based contrast agents on the signal intensity of the dentate nucleus (DN) in MS patients. Patients and Methods: A cohort of 122 MS patients with GAD-enhanced MRI scans and 61 healthy controls were enrolled in this study. The final standard GAD-enhanced MRI scans were acquired using 1.5T MRI systems. Non-enhanced T1-weighted MRI was performed to assess the DN hyperintensity. The signal intensity ratio (SIR) was also calculated by setting the regions of interest (ROIs) on the DN and pons and dividing the signal intensity of DN to that of pons. The patients were also divided into two subgroups, based on the total number of MRI exposures (> 4 times vs. others), and the subgroups were compared in terms of the mean SIR and hyperintensity. Results: Overall, 68% (n = 83) of the patients were exposed to a contrast agent more than four times. Of these patients, 31.3% (n = 26) showed DN hyperintensity, while no hyperintensity was found in other patients or healthy controls (P < 0.02 for both). The mean SIRs were 1.10 ± 0.07 and 1.04 ± 0.02 in the patients and healthy controls, respectively (P < 0.001). Besides, the mean SIR was 1.14 ± 0.04 in patients with DN hyperintensity and 1.09 ± 0.07 in other patients (P < 0.001). Based on the results, the mean SIR was 1.12 ± 0.7 in patients with > 4 contrast injections, while it was 1.06 ± 0.04 in patients with ≤ 4 contrast injections (P < 0.001). Conclusion: The SIR and visible DN hyperintensity increased by increasing the number of GAD injections, which could be due to the tissue deposition of GAD.
Effect of Fibroblast Growth Factor 21 on the Expression of TLR4 and BAMBI Genes in Cholesterol-Treated Human Hepatic Stellate Cells
Authors: Shakerian Elham , Mohammadtaghvaei Narges , Askari Zohre , Afarin Reza
Published: October 2021

Background: Activated hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) are the primary mediators in the progression of hepatic fibrosis. The activation of toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) signaling leads to the downregulation of the transmembrane inhibitory transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) pseudoreceptor BMP and activin membrane-bound inhibitor (BAMBI) on HSCs. Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) is a natural secretory protein in the body with effects, such as the reduction of fat accumulation and oxidation of lipids; however; no study has investigated FGF21 ability to prevent the progression of liver fibrosis. Objectives: This study aimed to examine the beneficial effects of FGF21 to reduce cholesterol-activated human HSCs. Methods: The human HSCs were incubated in media containing different concentrations of cholesterol, including 25, 50, 75, 100, 125, and 150 μM, for 24 h and then incubated with FGF21 for 24 h. Total ribonucleic acids were extracted and reversely transcribed into complementary deoxyribonucleic acid. A quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction was performed in this study. Results: The results showed that the messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) expression of TGF-β, collagen, type I, alpha 1 (collagen1α), and TLR4 genes increased significantly in the presence of cholesterol (75 and 100 μM), compared to that of the control group (* P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01, and *** P < 0.001); nevertheless, the mRNA expression of the BAMBI gene significantly reduced, compared to that of the control group (* P < 0.05). The FGF21 significantly reduced the mRNA expression of TGF-β, collagen1α, and TLR4 genes (# P < 0.05). The mRNA expression of the BAMBI gene significantly increased with FGF21 (# P < 0.05). Conclusions: It was concluded that the treatment with FGF21 reduces the cholesterol-activated HSCs by decreasing the mRNA expression of the TLR4, TGF-β, and collagen1α genes and increasing the mRNA expression of the BAMBI gene.
Edward Shils as Stranger, Social Thought as Vocation
Authors: Blum Peter C. ,   The Polanyi Society
Published: October 2021

This essay is a response to Struan Jacobs, “Recovering the Thought of Edward Shils,” which is an extended review of Adair-Toteff and Turner’s The Calling of Social Thought. It considers Edward Shils as a “stranger,” in the sense defined by Georg Simmel, relative to contemporary sociology. Christian Smith’s claim that American sociology is implicitly pursuing a “sacred project” is invoked, in contrast with Shils’ vision for consensual sociology. The expansion by CST to “Social Thought” as a calling (vocation), and its ties to science as understood by Polanyi, are strongly affirmed.
The Dilemma of the Modern Mind and the Limits of Rules
Authors: Tartaro Alessio ,   The Polanyi Society
Published: October 2021

Starting in 1946, Polanyi begins to criticize a comprehensive system of ideas that he names positivism. His criticism is twofold. On the one hand, it has the narrow aim of pointing out the inconsistencies of a positivist account of science, according to which the essence of scientific objec­tivity lies in establishing rigorous mathematical relations between measured variables employing fixed rules. On the other hand, it examines the broad assumptions underlying this view, namely radical empiricism and skeptical doubt. The present paper analyzes both aspects of this criticism, stressing its crucial role in the development of Polanyi’s philosophy.
Juice processing potential of different grape cultivars under conditions in southern Brazil
Authors: Bender Angelica , Souza André Luiz Kulkamp de , Malgarim Marcelo Barbosa , Caliari Vinicius , Lemos Pedro Luís Panisson Kaltbach , Costa Vagner Brasil
Published: October 2021

The objective of this study was to evaluate the juice quality of 11 grape cultivars over three productive cycles, aiming to identify which cultivars are indicated to complement the varietal matrix and allow the extension of the harvest period in the region of Vale do Rio do Peixe - SC. The grapes used to elaborate the juices were: BRS Rúbea (RUB), BRS Cora (COR); BRS Violet (VIO); BRS Carmen (CAR), BRS Magna (MAG), Bordô (BOR), Isabel (ISA), Isabel Precoce (IP), Concord (CON), Concord Clone 30 (C30) and SCS 421 Paulina (SCSP), produced in the EPAGRI experimental station vineyard, in Videira-SC. The physical-chemical variables analyzed showed statistically significant differences for the different cultivars. From the analysis of main components performed, it was possible to observe the noticeable differences between the levels of this factor and the correlations between the parameters. ISA and IP showed lower levels of anthocyanins and color, differing from VIO and MAG. CON and C30 stood out for their high acidity and low soluble solids content. BOR, SCSP and RUB presented juices with intense coloring, high content of bioactive compounds, nevertheless they presented lower levels of soluble solids and a higher acidity, while COR presented slightly higher contents for total soluble solids. The cultivars that brought together the greatest number of favorable characteristics (physical-chemical, sensory and extension of the harvest dates) for the juice elaboration in the studied region, proving favorable to complement the productive matrix composed of ISA and BOR, were VIO, MAG, IP, COR and CAR.
Agro-industrial wastes for biotechnological production as potential substrates to obtain fungal enzymes
Authors: Matei Jéssica Crecencio , Oliveira João Arthur dos Santos , Pamphile João Alencar , Polonio Julio Cesar
Published: October 2021

Agro-industrial wastes contain high moisture content and are rich in nutrients, and can be used as useful substrates by microbes with the supplementation of nitrogen sources, thus providing an alternative tool for the industrial production of many products of economic value, such as enzymes for example. These are proteins that function as biological catalysts, responsible for carrying out various biochemical reactions, being applied in detergent, food, paper and cellulose, cosmetics, textile industries, etc. However, they are expensive raw materials, and it is worth noting that an important part of the cost of manufacturing enzymes is mainly due to the expense of means and fermentation processes. Thus, to minimize the cost of this production and in order to reduce the degradation of the environment due to agricultural waste, a variety of microorganisms and agro-industrial “by-products” can be used to facilitate the economic production of enzymes.Therefore, in this work, a review was carried out on agro-industrial residues and the main enzymes in the industrial market, as well as the use of these materials as sources to obtain enzymes produced by fungi.
Impact of urbanization on the water quality of the Uberaba River and tributaries
Authors: Domingues Anna Ligia Leocadio , Biscalquini Amanda Cunha , Senhuk Ana Paula Milla dos Santos , Anhê Ana Carolina Borella Marfil
Published: October 2021

This paper evaluated the quality of the water in Uberaba River and tributaries. Seven sites were sampled, in a 12-km under the influence of the urban area. The sampling site started upstream the raw-water catchment station, passing through the urban perimeter, upstream and downstream the discharge of the effluent treated by the Sewage Treatment Plant. Benthic macroinvertebrates were collected using a Surber net and, after identification, the indices of BMWP, diversity, equitability and dominance were calculated, besides functional group analysis. In each sampling site, it was analyzed microbiological and physicochemical parameters in order to identify possible domestic and/or industrial pollution sources. A rapid assessment protocol (RAP) was also applied, and land use and occupation aspects were mapped. The water collected in the furthest sampling site from the urban area and with vegetation in the surroundings, presented satisfactory quality, based in BMWP index. However, this quality dropped to very poor as the river water crossed the urban perimeter. The land use and occupation map showed a predominance of agriculture/pasture and urbanization. In addition, the presence of E. coli and the high levels recorded for some metals (principally cooper and cadmium), suggested contamination of the water with domestic and industrial effluents.
Water quality in individual groundwater supply systems in Southern Brazil
Authors: Schneider Silvana Isabel , Golombieski Jaqueline Ineu , Seben Debora , Menegazzo Kananda Cabral , Wastowski Arci Dirceu , Borba Willian Fernando de , Decezaro Samara Terezinha , Medeiros Raphael Corrêa
Published: October 2021

This study aimed to evaluate the potability of drinking water in ten municipalities of Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil, distributed in rural and urban areas, with three different sources: springs, shallow wells, and deep wells. The water quality parameters analyzed from 2017 to 2019 were: pH, temperature, apparent and true color, turbidity, electrical conductivity, total alkalinity, total hardness, nitrate, total phosphorus, total iron, fluoride, biochemical oxygen demand, total coliforms, and Escherichia coli. A macroscopic analysis was also conducted in the surrounding of sampling points. According to the Brazilian and the WHO (World Health Organization) guidelines, some of the analyzed variables, in some sampling points, were in disagreement with the current both guidelines, which are pH, apparent color, turbidity, total iron, total coliforms, and Escherichia coli. The surveillance showed that the deeper the water is abstracted the less are natural and anthropogenic interferences in physical, chemical, and microbiological characteristics of the water; and the protection of the location where the water is abstracted improves its quality. Nonetheless, for the sampled waters it is necessary a disinfection process for posterior human consumption.
Assessment and analysis of the slope stability landfill mining waste on the location "Brvenica" - Raška
Authors: Đurđevac Vanja , Tašić Dušan , Ignjatović Dragan , Stepanović Saša
Published: October 2021

For the purposes of the Project Cadastre of Mining Waste in the Republic of Serbia.", implemented by the association PLEJADES GmbH - Independent Experts and DMT GmbH & Co. KG, Germany, the Mining and Metallurgy Institute Bor has performed the geotechnical exploration and testing in order of the slope stability assessment of the mining waste facilities.
Prospective image of the industrial future
Authors: Todosijević-Lazović Snežana , Katanić Zoran , Radosavljević Damnjan
Published: October 2021

World and facts that will structurally organize it, in the future will be much different from a position in which they are nowadays. Dynamics of development is a result of rapid events and implementation of change. If technology generates a change, a question of survival of functioning and controlling mechanisms for managing businesses in past is being imposed. Chain reaction will show as necessary. The new information will represent the basic of decision of predictive character. The laws of construction and functioning of cybernetic systems are supported. Evolutionary economy [1] and digital Darwinism will mark, from a historical aspect, the content of work and communication. If the natural systems came to be in a spontaneous order, the social organizations are constructed, which especially stands for enterprise, that is set to be efficient and useful creation and whose shaping and management is based solely on a rational behaviour, which means a goal-oriented business direction. In accordance with the topic, the industrial policies, dying industries, propulsive industries in making, occurring technologies will be evaluated that are characterized by AI as well as tendencies of the evolutionary character and digital Darwinism. The result of work should represent the whole model and partial models of industry of the future. IT and communication process (networking) create a symbiosis and that will be a necessity for functioning the organizational systems