bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A PLL‐less grid‐tied three‐phase multilevel inverter with reduced device count and LCL filter
Authors: Kumar Rohit , Chaudhari Madhuri Avinash , Chaturvedi Pradyumn , Choube Sharat Chandra
Published: July 2024

This paper introduces a novel three‐phase grid‐tied multilevel inverter (MLI) topology that employs a basic unit per phase, yielding a symmetrical configuration capable of generating five‐level output voltage and an asymmetrical configuration producing seven‐level and nine‐level output voltages. The generalization of the proposed MLI is presented in terms of the number of modules (M) and output levels (L). A comprehensive comparative analysis of the proposed MLI topology against existing configurations is presented for both symmetric and asymmetric cases. The switching devices in the MLI are controlled using the in‐phase disposition level shift PWM (IPD‐LSPWM) technique. The synchronization of the grid‐tied MLI is addressed by considering the uncertainties in grid and load parameters at the point of common coupling (PCC). To achieve synchronization, a PLL‐less grid voltage‐ modulated direct power control (GVM‐DPC) technique is implemented. To mitigate the delay associated with PLL, a GVM‐DPC based on the stationary reference frame (SRF) is applied. This paper also includes mathematical modelling of GVM‐DPC without PLL and the design of an LCL filter. A simulation model of a 15‐kVA, three‐phase, nine‐level grid‐tied MLI is developed in MATLAB/Simulink and tested under both steady‐state and dynamic conditions. The proposed controller's performance is evaluated under the load variations and sudden changes in available power from the distributed generator (DG). Robustness is tested under adverse conditions such as voltage sag/swell at the PCC. Furthermore, the system is implemented in the OPAL‐RT OP4510 real‐time simulator, and the results are validated to confirm the effectiveness and robustness of the proposed grid‐tied MLI.
Steady‐State and Transient Analysis of LLC and iLLC Resonant DC–DC Converters with Wide Voltage Operations Using GaN Technology for Light‐Duty xEV Charging Systems
Authors: Narasipuram Rajanand Patnaik , Mopidevi Subbarao
Published: July 2024

In recent times resonant converters have become more popular due to the demand for xEV chargers increasing rapidly. Due to its unique characteristics in operating the converter in either zero‐voltage or zero‐current switching during switching conditions, hence it reduces the switching and conduction losses. From the literature, there are several converters in the resonating networks one of its own is inductor‐inductor‐capacitor (LLC), it has a drawback of higher conduction losses at light loads, poor transient performance, and stability. Hence, this article investigates an electric vehicle (EV) charger for xEV charging stations using an interleaved inductor‐inductor‐capacitor (iLLC) DC‐DC converter. It has features of lower losses during various loads, better transient performance with low ripples and stable regulation during sudden variations. An integrated closed‐loop technique is proposed with a constant voltage charging mode of operation, along with a hybrid control scheme of variable frequency + phase shift modulation (VFPSM). To examine the performance of the proposed system, it is compared with the LLC converter under similar operating conditions and a detailed steady‐state and transient analysis is presented. The prototype is built using GaN switches at a rated power of 3.3 kW at an efficiency of 98.2%.
Examining Compatible Electron Transport Layers for CsSnBr3‐Based Solar Cell to Boost Photovoltaic Stability and Efficiency
Authors: Ali Amjad , Zulfiqar Muhammad , Bano N. , Hussain I. , Asif Sana Ullah
Published: July 2024

Over the past decade, there has been significant improvement in the efficiency of hybrid perovskite solar cells (PSCs). When discussing hybrid organic‐inorganic PSCs, it is important to consider stability and toxicity as crucial factors. Additional research is necessary to thoroughly investigate their potential for enhancing market accessibility. Research explores a comprehensive analysis of the photovoltaic performance of CsSnBr3‐based PSCs configurations. Solar cell capacitance simulator‐1D is utilized to study a variety of electron transport layers (ETLs) such as CeO2, TiO2, SnO2, WO3, MZO, ZnO, IGZO, PCBM, WS2, and C60. Examining the impact of different parameters on the performance of CsSnBr3‐based PSCs by precisely modifying spiro‐OMeTAD as a hole transport layer (HTL) is primarily concentrated on. Utilizing a well‐organized arrangement, FTO/ETLs/CsSnBr3/Spiro‐OMeTAD/Au, out of the mentioned ETLs, it has been observed that only four oxides based ETLs (CeO2, SnO2, WO3, and ZnO) are highly compatible and suitable for CsSnBr3‐based PSC. The photovoltaic performance of various ETLs is examined. The power conversion efficiencies of CeO2, SnO2, WO3, and ZnO ETLs are 18.42%, 22.06%, 21.35%, and 21.87% achieved by optimizing various parameters such as thickness, defect density, doping concentration, and electron affinity of all the layers. The validation and simulation findings indicate that CsSnBr3 has significant potential when combined with suitable ETLs and spiro‐OMeTAD as an HTL.
Sounding out the river: Seismic and hydroacoustic monitoring of bedload transport
Authors: Matthews Bronwyn , Naylor Mark , Sinclair Hugh , Black Andrew , Williams Richard , Cuthill Calum , Gervais Matthew , Dietze Michael , Smith Anna
Published: July 2024

Seismological observations provide a non‐invasive and continuous means for indirectly measuring fluvial bedload transport. A significant challenge remains in independently characterising the seismic signature of bedload transport from other sources such as turbulence. We present a unique dataset from an alluvial Scottish river, combining seismic data and hydroacoustic measurements, to analyse bedload transport during three high‐flow events occurring within the same year. By studying three successive events, we assess the consistency of bedload transport thresholds in response to changing flow conditions and explore the presence of hysteresis in seismic data versus water level as an indicator of coarse bedload transport. Through the use of hydroacoustic data to independently characterise bedload transport, our findings reveal that bedload transport occurred during all three events but that the threshold for entrainment varied. These entrainment thresholds were influenced by antecedent events, with a drop of 15%–20% of the threshold flow depth following the largest of the three events. In agreement with recent studies, we also found that hysteresis in the seismic versus water level data is not sufficient for identifying and analysing bedload transport: Distinct hysteresis was only observed during the largest of the three events despite all events experiencing bedload transport as observed through the independent hydroacoustic data. Our work shows the value in combining independent datasets for long‐term monitoring of bedload transport to understand the evolution in the thresholds of bedload motion, providing crucial information for effective river and land‐use management in a changing climate with potentially impacted high‐flow events.
Heuristic estimation of river bathymetry in braided streams using digital image processing
Authors: Mancini Davide , Antoniazza Gilles , Roncoroni Matteo , Mettra François , Lane Stuart N.
Published: July 2024

Measurement of river bathymetry has been revolutionized by high‐resolution remote sensing that combines UAV platforms with SfM‐MVS photogrammetry. Mapping inundated and exposed areas simultaneously are possible using either two‐media refraction correction or some form of the Beer–Lambert Law to estimate water depths. If, as in turbid glacially‐fed braided streams, the bed is not visible then traditional survey techniques (e.g. differential GPS systems) are required. As an alternative, here we test whether the spatial distribution of water depths in a shallow braided stream can be modelled from basic planimetric data and used to estimate inundated zone bathymetry. We develop heuristic rules using; (1) distance from the nearest river bank; (2) total inundated width along a line tangential to the local flow direction; (3) local curvature magnitude and direction; and distance from the nearest flow (4) divergence and (5) convergence regions. We parameterize them using a sample of measured water depths in stepwise multiple linear regressions and validate them using independent data. Resulting water depth distribution maps explain between 50% and 60% of the measured water depth spatial variability when compared to independent data. After incorporating modelled water depths into digital elevation models (DEMs) of exposed areas, we show that the developed method is suitable for volumetric change calculations in both dry and inundated areas.
Orientin promotes diabetic wounds healing by suppressing ferroptosis via activation of the Nrf2/GPX4 pathway
Authors: Yang Jia‐yi , Zhuang Chen , Lin Yu‐zhe , Yu Yi‐tian , Zhou Chen‐cheng , Zhang Chao‐yang , Zhu Zi‐teng , Qian Cheng‐jie , Zhou Yi‐nan , Zheng Wen‐hao , Zhao Yu , Jin Chen , Wu Zong‐yi
Published: July 2024

Diabetic patients often experience delayed wound healing due to impaired functioning of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) under high glucose (HG) conditions. This is because HG conditions trigger uncontrolled lipid peroxidation, leading to iron‐dependent ferroptosis, which is caused by glucolipotoxicity. However, natural flavonoid compound Orientin (Ori) possesses anti‐inflammatory bioactive properties and is a promising treatment for a range of diseases. The current study aimed to investigate the function and mechanism of Ori in HG‐mediated ferroptosis. A diabetic wound model was established in mice by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (STZ), and HUVECs were cultured under HG to create an in vitro diabetic environment. The results demonstrated that Ori inhibited HG‐mediated ferroptosis, reducing levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), lipid peroxidation, and mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mtROS), while increasing decreased levels of malondialdehyde, lipid peroxidation, and mitochondrial reactive oxygen species, as well as increased levels of glutathione (GSH). Ori treatment also improved the wound expression of glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) and angiogenesis markers, reversing the delayed wound healing caused by diabetes mellitus (DM). Additional investigations into the mechanism revealed that Ori may stimulate the nuclear factor‐erythroid 2‐related factor 2 (Nrf2)/GPX4 signaling pathway. Silencing Nrf2 in HG‐cultured HUVECs negated the beneficial impact mediated by Ori. By stimulating the Nrf2/GPX4 signaling pathway, Ori may expedite diabetic wound healing by decreasing ferroptosis.
Reproductive health care seeking behavior in Bangladesh: A systematic literature review
Authors: Khanam Mahruba , Aktar Moonmoon , Mahamud Tareq , van Hal Guido
Published: July 2024

Background

Maternal health, in terms of pregnancy and childbirth, is an important aspect of women's reproductive health and remains a public health concern in underdeveloped countries of the world. Reproductive health care seeking behavior (RHSB), in both men and women in society, is influenced by a variety of social and environmental factors that needs to be summarized.

Objectives

This review aims to enhance understanding and perception of services in relation to RHSBs in several domains such as antenatal care (ANC), delivery care, postnatal care (PNC), and family planning (FP) services, for married women of reproductive age in Bangladesh.

Search Strategy

In major databases, for example, Medline, Ovid, PubMed, Web of Science, ProQuest and Google Scholar following keywords, timeline set as 2010 up to December 30, 2022.

Selection Criteria

Articles that included discussion on married women of reproductive age, and their type of care seeking behavior for reproductive health.

Data Collection and Analysis

A systematic literature search was carried out and expected outcome was health care seeking behavior in the aspects of ANC, delivery care, PNC, and FP services. A data extraction form and quality appraisal form were used for data on RHSB of married women of the reproductive age group in Bangladesh and associated factors.

Main Results

A total of 245 articles were retrieved from databases; stepwise screening was done and finally 23 full‐text articles were included for analysis. Descriptive statistics were used based on the included articles for narrative synthesis. In the selected articles, 17 (73.91%) were cross‐sectional studies and more than half discussed both urban and rural women. Ante‐ and postnatal visits have proven to have positively influenced overall RHSB, as seen in Bangladesh. Grass root level workers play a major role in upgrading RHSB in women. Many factors limit rural access to mother and child health services including distance of the health facility and cost of the health service.

Conclusions

In particular, education level, women's autonomy in family decision making and distance from health service can be considered as factors influencing RHSBs in Bangladesh. Exposure to mass media and TV watching are likely to positively impact RHSB patterns for women in Bangladesh.
Pregnancy and perinatal outcomes in pregnancies following frozen embryo transfer (FET) after transcervical resection of adhesions (TCRA): A retrospective cohort study with propensity score matching analysis
Authors: Ding Kai , Li Xin , Wei Yi , Zhang Mianqiu , Ling Xiufeng , Zhao Chun
Published: July 2024

Objective

To compare the pregnancy and perinatal outcomes of frozen–thawed embryo transfer (FET) in patients following transcervical resection of adhesions (TCRA) versus patients with normal uterine morphology, and to investigate the factors influencing pregnancy outcomes in patients undergoing FET after TCRA.

Methods

We retrospectively analyzed FET cycles from September 2014 to September 2023, comparing patients with normal uterine morphology to those with intrauterine adhesions (IUAs) treated with TCRA. Propensity score matching (PSM) adjusted for confounding factors. LASSO regression and multivariate logistic regression identified predictors of outcomes, which were visually represented in nomograms. Model performance was assessed using calibration curves, ROC curves, and DCA, with bootstrap method for internal validation.

Results

Post‐PSM analysis showed higher live birth rates in patients with normal uterine morphology after clinical pregnancy (75.1% vs. 61.7%, P < 0.001). No significant differences were noted in clinical pregnancy rates and perinatal outcomes between the groups. Factors influencing clinical pregnancy in FET after TCRA included basal progesterone levels, endometrial thickness, parity, infertility cause, embryo stage at transfer, number and quality of embryos transferred, IUA severity, and TCRA surgical procedures. Body mass index, basal LH levels, and day 14 HCG levels post‐embryo transfer were determinants of live birth outcome.

Conclusion

FET cycles following TCRA showed a lower rate of successful live births, but TCRA did not increase adverse perinatal outcome risks. Our study introduces an innovative predictive model for clinical pregnancy and live birth outcomes in patients undergoing FET following TCRA, addressing a significant void in existing research.
Effects of thalassemia minor on umbilical artery blood flow and perinatal outcomes in pregnancy: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Zhang Li , Fan Erwen , Chen Xin , Zhuo Yeqi , Lee Yan , Yan Ruiling
Published: July 2024

Objective

The aim of the present study was to compare the fetal umbilical artery blood flow parameters in the third trimester and perinatal outcomes between pregnant women with and without thalassemia minor in South China.

Methods

This was a retrospective cohort study. Doppler ultrasound was used to detect fetal umbilical artery hemodynamics in pregnant women with or without thalassemia minor during the third trimester. The main parameters assessed were umbilical artery peak systolic flow velocity/end‐diastolic flow velocity (S/D), resistance index (RI), pulsation index (PI), and relevant perinatal outcomes.

Results

This study included 540 pregnant women, 180 with thalassemia minor and 360 being healthy controls. In the third trimester, the thalassemia minor group had higher umbilical artery S/D (P = 0.002), RI (P = 0.002), and PI (P = 0.012) than healthy pregnant women, as well as lower levels of hemoglobin (Hb) (P < 0.001) and higher ferritin levels (P < 0.001). Compared to the non‐thalassemia group, neonatal body weight in the thalassemia minor group was significantly lower (P = 0.001). Additionally, the incidence of maternal anemia (odds ratio [OR] 3.92; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.57–5.99, P < 0.001), low birth weight (OR 15.35; 95% CI: 1.71–137.93, P = 0.015), fetal distress (OR 2.18; 95% CI: 1.12–4.26, P = 0.023), neonatal asphyxia (OR 12.81; 95% CI: 1.40–117.33, P = 0.024), oligohydramnios (OR 18.25; 95% CI: 2.21–150.36, P = 0.007) and Apgar score <7 at 1 min after birth (OR 7.97; 95% CI: 1.53–41.54, P = 0.014) was significantly higher in the thalassemia minor group.

Conclusion

Pregnant women with thalassemia minor have higher umbilical artery S/D, RI and PI during the third trimester and a higher risk of adverse perinatal outcomes.
Transplant renal vein thrombosis and stenosis were rescued by interventional radiology
Authors: Uchida Naoki , Miyajima Keiichiro , Yanagiswa Takafumi , Ashida Hirokazu , Kawabe Mayuko , Yamamoto Izumi , Yokoo Takashi , Kimura Takahiro , Urabe Fumihiko , Miki Jun
Published: July 2024

Introduction

Transplant renal vein thrombosis is a serious post‐transplant complication. We report a case in which a thrombus was found in the transplant renal vein and rescued the transplanted kidney utilizing interventional radiology.

Case presentation

A 56‐year‐old woman underwent ABO‐compatible living donor renal transplantation due to impaired renal function caused by IgA nephropathy. On postoperative Day 13, there was a finding on transplant renal echocardiography that appeared to be an interruption of peripheral renal blood flow in diastole. Contrast‐enhanced computed tomography revealed that the vein was occluded due to the hematoma, and thrombosis was observed within, and distal contrast showed regurgitation into the collateral vessels. The stenosis was breached and balloon dilation restored progressive blood flow through interventional radiology.

Conclusion

Although open surgical thrombectomy is mainly considered for treatment for transplant renal vein thrombosis, interventional radiology might be the alternative treatment option.
VALD‐2 mitigates cisplatin‐induced acute kidney injury: Mechanistic insights into oxidative stress modulation and inflammation suppression
Authors: Zhao Xuhui , Meng Yuna , Dang Chunyan , Xue Li , Zhang Jing , Ma Shuping , Li Hongling
Published: July 2024

This study explores the compelling antitumor properties of VALD‐2, a synthetic Schiff base ligand known for its low toxicity. The focus is on investigating VALD‐2's protective role against cisplatin‐induced acute kidney injury (AKI) in mice, with a specific emphasis on mitigating oxidative stress and inflammation. The study involves daily intraperitoneal injections of amifostine or VALD‐2 over 7 days to establish an AKI model. Subsequently, mice were assigned to normal control, cisplatin group, cisplatin + amifostine group, and cisplatin + VALD‐2 10 mg/kg group, cisplatin + VALD‐2 20 mg/kg, and cisplatin + VALD‐2 40 mg/kg. Kidney injury is assessed through serum blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine (Cr) activity assays. Levels of inflammatory factors, tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α) and interleukin‐6 (IL‐6), in kidney tissue of mice were assessed through enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The protective effect of VALD‐2 is further examined through HE staining to observe pathological changes in kidney injury. The ultrastructural changes of renal cells and tubular epithelial cells were observed by electron microscopy under experimental conditions, indicating the effect of VALD‐2 on reversing cisplatin‐induced renal injury. The study delves into VALD‐2's protective mechanisms against cisplatin‐induced kidney injury by using western blot analysis to assess the expression levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH‐Px), and malondialdehyde (MDA) in kidney tissues. VALD‐2 demonstrates significant improvement in cisplatin‐induced AKI, as evidenced by increased BUN and Cr levels. It effectively protects kidney tissue from oxidative damage, enhancing SOD and GSH‐Px activities while reducing MDA levels. The study also reveals a decrease in TNF‐α and IL‐6 levels, supported by ELISA results, and histological findings confirm anti‐nephrotoxic effects. Western blot analysis shows an upregulation of antioxidant enzymes (SOD, GSH‐Px) and a reduction in MDA production. VALD‐2 emerges as a promising mitigator of cisplatin‐induced AKI, showcasing its ability to enhance oxidative stress‐related protein expression. The findings suggest VALD‐2 as a potential therapeutic agent for protecting against cisplatin‐induced kidney injury.
Synthesis of chitosan polyethylene glycol antibody complex for delivery of Imatinib in lung cancer cell lines
Authors: Kamali Mehrdad , Jafari Hanieh , Taati Fatemeh , Mohammadnejad Javad , Daemi Amin
Published: July 2024

Lung cancer is known as the most common cancer. Although the Ramucirumab antibody is a second‐line treatment for lung cancer, the high interstitial fluid pressure limits the antibody's performance. In this way, Imatinib is a chemotherapeutic drug to reduce the interstitial fluid pressure. Up to now, unfortunately, both Ramucirumab and imatinib have not been reported in one nanosystem for cancer therapy. To fulfill this shortcoming, this paper aims to design a chitosan nanocarrier that loads imatinib and attaches to Ramucirumab for selective bonding to A549. Therefore, this paper aims to develop a polymeric nanosystem for non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) treatment. In first, the chitosan polyethylene glycol nanoparticle is synthesized, loaded with imatinib, and then targeted using Ramucirumab. Afterwards, the CS‐PEG‐Ab‐Im by FTIR, TEM, DLS, zeta potential, and TGA techniques are characterized. The size of CS‐PEG‐Ab‐Im was 25–30 nm, its surface charge was 13.1 mV, and the shape of CS‐PEG‐Ab‐Im was nearly spherical and cylindrical. The therapeutic potential of CS‐PEG‐Ab‐Im was assessed using the A549 cell line. According to the obtained results, the cell viability was 48% after 48 h of treatment of A549 cells using the IC50 concentration of CS‐PEG‐Ab‐Im (100 nanomolar). Moreover, the apoptosis and cell cycle arrest percentages were increased by 3 and 6 times, respectively, as compared to free imatinib. Furthermore, the release rate of imatinib from CS‐PEG‐Ab‐Im in an acidic medium was 17% during 1 h, indicating five times the imatinib release in the natural medium. Eventually, the result of flow cytometry indicates the more apoptotic effect of nanosystem to free imatinib and CS‐PEG‐Ab. Besides, cell arresting result exhibits the CS‐PEG‐Ab‐Im and causes cell arrested at G1 by %8.17. Thus, it can be concluded that CS‐PEG‐Ab‐Im can be an ideal nanosystem in NSCLC treatment.
Small but mighty: Case report and practical guidance for peripheral blood stem cell collection in small infants
Authors: Walker Hannah , O'Reilly Erin , Millard Zoe , Cusack Brendan , Duncan Anna , Clucas Luisa , Fleming Jacqueline , Hughes David , Greenway Anthea , Metz David
Published: July 2024

Modern apheresis devices, with increased procedural precision, automation, and monitoring, have been shown to allow for safe delivery of apheresis therapies in young children. Medical advances are increasing demand for apheresis procedures like mononuclear cell collection in infants <10 kg, including stem‐cell supported chemotherapy, cell collection for chimeric antigen receptor T cell development, and now ex vivo gene therapies for rare genetic diseases. Nevertheless, safe delivery in small infants involves a range of unique considerations and challenges, beyond just size, and experience will vary between centers. In this case report we describe our experience performing mononuclear cell collection in our smallest patient to date and outline a practice guideline developed following a literature review and discussion with both international experts and device representatives. This case may help to inform other clinicians aiming to provide apheresis care to very small infants in their own centers.
Unraveling the power of leisure crafting for unengaged employees: Implications for creativity and meaning at work
Authors: Petrou Paraskevas , Hamrick Alexander B. , Abdel Hadi Sascha
Published: July 2024

Drawing on enrichment theory and the identity‐based integrative crafting model, the present paper explores the impact of leisure crafting on creativity and meaning at work using both the compensation and the spillover perspectives. We hypothesized that leisure crafting relates to employee creativity, particularly when employees experience low work engagement; and that leisure crafting predicts meaning at work via employee creativity, particularly for employees with low work engagement. We also expected that cognitive developmental and affective leisure‐to‐work enrichment acts as the mediator in the link between leisure crafting and creativity. Study 1, a three‐wave survey study with 1‐week time intervals among 191 employees confirmed that the indirect effect of leisure crafting on meaning at work via creativity is stronger among employees reporting low work engagement. Study 2, a follow‐up study of a similar design among 421 employees revealed that leisure crafting leads to creativity via cognitive developmental resources and that leisure crafting leads to creativity via affective resources for employees who report low levels of work engagement. Our findings highlight that leisure crafting possesses the inherent capacity to enhance meaning at work through employee creativity (spillover), especially for those employees who experience a lack of fulfillment at work (compensation). We also refine work‐life enrichment theories by uncovering that leisure crafting may enrich work via different pathways for different employees.
Impact of increasing urbanization on heatwaves in Indian cities
Authors: Boyaj Alugula , Karrevula N. R. , Sinha Palash , Patel Pratiman , Mohanty U. C. , Niyogi Dev
Published: July 2024

Urbanization alters local climates and exacerbates urban heat islands. Understanding and addressing the impacts of urbanization on regional high impact weather systems is critical. This study examines the feedback loop between urbanization and heatwaves (HWs) in inland and coastal Indian cities of Hyderabad and Bhubaneswar which have been profoundly affected by urbanization and temperature extremes. Observational analysis reveals that during the pre‐monsoon season, daytime and nighttime air temperature anomalies, and the frequency of 90th percentile days, have increased by ~0.35°C and ~3 days for Hyderabad, and by ~0.2°C, and ~6 days for Bhubaneswar in the last two decades (2001–2020) relative to the previous decades (1981–2000). Analysis of  land‐use land‐cover (LULC) datasets shows a dramatic urban expansion by ~13 and ~11 times in Hyderabad and Bhubaneswar, respectively, between 1993 and 2019. Numerical experiments with the Weather Research and Forecasting model were undertaken considering hectometer spatial resolution (~500 m) and a lower boundary conditions representing the 1993 and 2019 LULC. The impact of urbanization on temperature changes and HWs in particular were analyzed. The HW simulations indicate that urbanization significantly enhances air and surface temperatures by ~4–6°C, particularly during nighttime rather than daytime. Urbanization effects are discerned in surface temperatures at night by 1–2°C relative to  air temperatures. Unlike nighttime, urbanization showed a negative or little influence on air and surface temperatures during the daytime. In contrast to surface and air temperatures, increased urbanization runs indicated enhanced regional soil temperature by ~5°C more during the daytime than at nighttime. The rise in nighttime air and surface temperatures is due to an increase in surface sensible heat fluxes by ~40–50 W/m2 in urban areas. The influence of urbanization on nighttime temperatures emphasizes the necessity for cool housing and engineering recommendations in urbanized regions of India.
Comparing the Saccule‐to‐Utricle Ratio in Early‐ Versus Late‐Stage Meniere's Disease Patients
Authors: Deng Wenting , Wu Haoyang , Chen Yi , Xiong Hao , Ou Yongkang
Published: July 2024

Objective

To compare the saccule‐to‐utricle ratio in early‐ versus late‐stage Meniere's disease (MD) patients based on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) images.

Methods

In this retrospective study, we performed 3‐dimensional real inversion recovery (3D‐real IR) MRI 24 h after intratympanic gadolinium administration in unilateral MD patients at early‐stage (n = 56) and late‐stage (n = 70). Two radiologists independently graded endolymphatic hydrops (EH) and the saccule‐to‐utricle ratio inversion (SURI) was compared between the two groups. Furthermore, early‐stage MD patients were further divided into two subgroups based on disease duration: ≤6 months (n = 20) and >6 months (n = 36) and the SURI was compared.

Results

Among the 56 patients in the early‐stage group, 26 cases (46.43%) exhibited an enlarged saccule that is larger than the utricle, showing SURI. In contrast, among the late‐stage MD, only four cases (5.71%) showed SURI (p < 0.001). In the early‐stage MD subgroup with a disease duration of ≤6 months, the proportion of SURI was 70% (14/20), which was higher than that in the subgroup with a disease duration of >6 months (33.33%, 12/36, p = 0.02).

Conclusion

SURI may serve as an effective imaging marker for diagnosis of early‐stage MD. Our finding suggests that endolymphatic hydrops in MD may primarily originate from the saccule.

Level of Evidence

3 Laryngoscope, 134:5116–5121, 2024
Supersulfide formation in the sinus mucosa of chronic rhinosinusitis
Authors: Suzuki Jun , Hemmi Tomotaka , Ida Tomoaki , Ogata Seiryo , Yoshitake Jun , Matsunaga Tetsuro , Ishida Tomoyasu , Numano Yuki , Kusano Yusuke , Ikeda Ryoukichi , Nomura Kazuhiro , Sugawara Mitsuru , Ohta Nobuo , Akaike Takaaki , Katori Yukio
Published: July 2024

Objectives

Disruption of the oxidative stress defense system is involved in developing various diseases. Sulfur compounds such as glutathione (GSH) and cysteine (CysSH) are representative antioxidants in the body. Recently, supersulfides, including reactive persulfide and polysulfide species, have gained attention as potent antioxidants regulating oxidative stress and redox signaling. However, their involvement in the pathogenesis of chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) remains unclear.

Methods

To clarify the changes in sulfur compounds within the sinus mucosa of each CRS subtype, we measured sulfur compound levels in the sinus mucosa of control individuals (n = 9), patients with eosinophilic CRS (ECRS) (n = 13), and those with non‐ECRS (nECRS) (n = 11) who underwent sinus surgery using mass spectrometry.

Results

GSH and CysSH levels were significantly reduced, and the glutathione disulfide (GSSG)/GSH ratio, an oxidative stress indicator, was increased in patients with ECRS. Despite the absence of notable variations in supersulfides, patients with ECRS and nECRS exhibited a significant reduction in glutathione trisulfide (GSSSG), which serves as the precursor for supersulfides.

Conclusions

This study is the first quantitative assessment of supersulfides in normal and inflamed sinus mucosa, suggesting that sulfur compounds contribute to the pathogenesis of CRS.

Level of Evidence

N/A.
Association of prior military service with olfactory function among older adults
Authors: Chiu Richard G. , Suleiman Khamis , Nyenhuis Sharmilee M. , Eldeirawi Kamal , Lee Victoria S.
Published: July 2024

Objective

Olfactory dysfunction (OD) is a condition primarily affecting older adults. Several factors have been implicated in OD, such as age, socioeconomic status, and neurodegenerative disease; however, the effect of military service still requires additional investigation. Here, we aim to determine if there is an association between prior military service and OD among older adults.

Methods

This cross‐sectional study included 2268 adults from Round 1 of the National Social Life, Health, and Aging Project. OD was defined as 0–3 odors correctly identified on the 5‐item Sniffin' Sticks test. Bivariate analysis was conducted to calculate crude odds ratios (cOR) for the association of prior military service with OD and identify covariates for regression. Associations between prior military service and OD were assessed using logistic regression, and adjusted odds ratios (aOR) were calculated controlling for age, gender, race/ethnicity, education, stroke history, dementia, diabetes, and mental health. All analyses were weighted using survey weights to account for sampling design.

Results

OD was present in 489 adults (21.6%). Among those with OD, the average age was 71.0 ± 7.9 years, whereas the average age in those without OD was 67.0 ± 7.2 years. Among adults with OD, 34.4% reported prior military service, compared to 27.7% of adults without OD (cOR = 1.37; 95% CI: 1.05–1.79). However, after adjusting for covariates, prior military service was not associated with OD (aOR: 1.09; 95% CI: 0.79–1.50). Older age (aOR: 1.07; 95% CI: 1.05–1.09) and worse mental health (aOR: 1.68; 95% CI: 1.14–2.49) were associated with OD.

Conclusion

Prior military service was not associated with OD among older adults after controlling for covariates. More nuanced research is needed to examine correlations between OD and specific elements of military service such as duration, toxin exposure, and head trauma.

Level of Evidence: Level 4.
Experimental Preparation of Optical Cat States Carrying Orbital Angular Momentum
Authors: Qiao Chenyu , Xu Fengyi , Wang Meihong , Ma Rong , Su Xiaolong
Published: July 2024

As an important quantum resource, optical cat state is successfully prepared and applied in quantum information science. It is shown that optical quantum states carrying orbital angular momentum (OAM) have wide applications in quantum communication and quantum precision measurement. Here, optical cat states carrying OAM are experimentally prepared with topological charges = 0, +1, +2, +4 by changing the wavefront of the photon‐subtracted squeezed vacuum state with a combination of quarter‐wave plate and q‐plate. To verify the prepared cat states, both Wigner functions and topological charges of OAM are measured. It is shown that the fidelities and amplitudes of optical cat states carrying OAM decrease slightly with the increase of topological charges of OAM, although the spatial size of the optical beam is increased. These results present a new kind of optical cat state carrying OAM, which has potential applications in quantum precision measurement.
Neuromorphic Computing Using a Floating Gate Modulated Photoelectric Synaptic Transistor
Authors: Hu Xiaoliang , Hao Rui , Luo Lili , Zhang Youwei , Li Yingtao , Zhang Zemin
Published: July 2024

Confronting the limitations of traditional von Neumann architectures—chiefly their inability to process unstructured data efficiently, this work proposes a new in‐memory sensing and computing paradigm exemplified by introducing a pioneering tin oxide nanowire‐based photoelectric synaptic transistor (PST) with a floating gate replicating biological synapses' functionality. Capitalizing on the nanowire structure's high surface area to volume ratio, the PST overcomes the challenges of photo response in metal oxide semiconductors. Integrating metal oxides' Photoelectric‐Phenomenon‐Coupling effect with the charge storage capacity of field‐effect transistors enables effective optical detection and weight storage. The PST performs exceptional optoelectrical and synaptic properties, including capabilities for long‐term memory, short‐term memory, paired‐pulse facilitate, and synaptic plasticity. Furthermore, by incorporating a learning mechanism, the PST achieves an impressive 94.65% accuracy in recognizing patterns in the Modified National Institute of Standards and Technology's(MNIST) handwritten digit dataset within 50 epochs. This research indicates a significant step toward intelligent computing systems closely mimicking the human brain's computational prowess.
Cremation during the early period (1000 bc–600 ad) in the archaeological site of Matecaña (Pereira, Colombia)
Authors: Rincón‐Jaramillo Ana María , Gómez‐Mejía Juliana
Published: July 2024

Cremation was a common behavior during the Early period in the Middle Cauca region of Colombia. Nevertheless, few bioarchaeological analyses have focused on understanding this phenomenon. Four funerary urns from the archaeological site Matecaña (Pereira, Risaralda, Colombia) were analyzed to understand the cremation mortuary practice during the Early period (1000 bc–600 ad). For this, the cremains went through an anatomical classification that led to establishing the minimal number of individuals with the landmark system, as well as reconstructing their biological profile and interpreting the macroscopic changes made by heat exposure, such as colorimetry, the degree of cremation, the presence of heat‐induced changes, and the temperature that the incineration reached. The results indicated that the funerary cycle had three processes divided into 11 steps. During the first process, an individual's biological death led to rituals and a temporary deposition. After the skeletonization of the corpse, the second process was the cremation itself. The combustion of at least 28 individuals of different ages (fetuses, infants, and adults) was intense (400°C to over 600°C) and finalized in the third process with their burial in funerary urns. This funerary behavior reflects the long‐term relationship between the living and the dead.
Characterization of partially soluble filament for use in material extrusion 3D printing technology
Authors: Jaime Danay Manzo , Ramôa Sílvia D. A. S. , Santana Leonardo , Merlini Claudia , Alves Jorge Lino , de Oliveira Barra Guilherme Mariz
Published: July 2024

The implementation of material extrusion 3D printing for technological purposes necessitates a thorough understanding of the chosen material. This study conducted a comprehensive analysis of Gel‐Lay™ filament, providing valuable insights for future research directed towards the application of the characterized filament. Gel‐Lay™ filament comprises a blend of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and a thermoplastic elastomer (TPE). The material underwent evaluation based on its morphology, chemical composition, thermal behavior, and dynamic‐mechanical properties. The characterization process yielded insights into the type of TPE material and transition temperatures, offering avenues for enhancing the printing process. Furthermore, the study explored the process of PVA extraction from printed parts using three different methodologies to determine the approach resulting in the most significant difference between the mass of the as‐printed part and the mass after PVA extraction. With PVA removal, the parts became porous which makes this material very promising for different applications.
Optimization and ranking of dental restorative composites by ENTROPY‐VIKOR and VIKOR‐MATLAB
Authors: Yadav Ramkumar , Saini Sonu , Sonwal Sonam , Meena Anoj , Huh Yun Suk , Brambilla Eugenio , Ionescu Andrei Cristian
Published: July 2024

Resin‐based composites, now the most prevalent material for restorative dental treatments, are available in a multitude of types. Next‐generation composites are designed to be bio interactive, solving issues such as secondary caries and mechanical failures, thus prolonging the restoration lifespan. To facilitate the discrimination of the bio interactive composite's performance and the identification of the optimal composition, we tested the VIKOR method for multi‐criteria decision‐making analysis. This study encompassed 12 performance parameters and 5 experimental dental composites. We measured density, void content, water sorption, water solubility, polymerization shrinkage, depth of cure, degree of conversion, hardness, compressive strength, and surface roughness as performance parameters, and we tested a conventional BisGMA‐TEGDMA resin blend filled with yttria‐stabilized zirconia (20 wt.%) and tricalcium phosphate. The alignment between computational methods and MATLAB‐based calculations validated the robustness of the assessment, verifying the significance of the conclusions drawn from this comprehensive analysis. Both methods (ENTROPY‐VIKOR and VIKOR‐MATLAB) ranked TZC0 as the top composite. This research provided a comprehensive understanding of the complex relationship between material composition, performance attributes, and optimization strategies in dental restorative composites, offering valuable insights for future advancements in restorative dentistry.
Asian Screening Array and Next‐Generation Sequencing Based Panels Applied to Preimplantation Genetic Testing for Monogenic Disorders Preclinical Workup in 294 Families: A Retrospective Analysis
Authors: Ren Jun , Peng Cuiting , Chen Han , Zhou Fan , Keqie Yuezhi , Li Yutong , Yang Hong , Zhang Haixia , Du Ze , Hu Ting , Zhang Xuemei , Luo Shan , Fan Wei , Wang Yan , Wang He , Chen Xinlian , Liu Shanling
Published: July 2024

Objective

Currently, the most commonly used methods for linkage analysis of pre‐implantation genetic testing for monogenic disorders (PGT‐M) are next generation sequencing (NGS) and SNP array. We aim to investigate whether the application efficacy of Asian screening array (ASA) in PGT‐M preclinical workup for the Chinese population is superior to NGS based single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) panels.

Methods

We conducted a retrospective analysis by reviewing 294 couples from a single center over the past 4 years and compared the detection results between NGS‐based SNP panels and ASA. Using the numbers of informative SNPs upstream and downstream flanking of variants, we assessed the detection efficiency of both methods in monogenic diseases, chromosomal microdeletion syndrome and males with de novo variants, among other scenarios.

Results

Results indicate that ASA offers a greater number of informative SNPs compared with NGS‐based SNP panels. Additionally, data analysis for ASA is generally more straightforward and may require less computational resources. While ASA can address most PGT‐M challenges, we have also identified certain genes in previous tests that are not suitable for PGT‐M using ASA.

Conclusion

The application of ASA in PGT‐M preclinical workup for Chinese populations has good practical value as it can perform linkage analysis for most genetic variants. However, for certain variants, NGS or other testing methods, such as mutated allele revealed by sequencing with aneuploidy and linkage analysis (MARSALA), may still be necessary for completion.
Temporary migration and wage inequality: The effects of skills, nationality and migration status in Aotearoa New Zealand
Authors: Islam Ahmed Zohirul , Collins Francis L. , Alimi Omoniyi B.
Published: July 2024

This study focuses on the labour market dimensions of temporary migration by quantitatively exploring the relationship between temporary migration and wage inequality. Over recent decades, there has been a growing emphasis on migration management in shaping migration policies across the world, especially in the Anglophone settler societies. At the same time, temporary migration policies have been criticized for contributing to the creation of inequalities. This study investigates wage inequality among temporary migrants between 2010 and 2019 in Aotearoa New Zealand, a period when the number of people holding temporary visas more than doubled. Despite the increase in this population of temporary migrants, our analysis of administrative data has shown that the overall level of wage inequality of temporary migrants holding work visas declined between 2010 and 2019. The study uses the Shapley‐value decomposition approach to quantify the contributions of skills, nationality and migration status on wage inequality, factors that are associated with the migration system and the composition of migrants. Results suggest that skills and nationality were the key factors that have led to decrease wage inequality over the period. In contrast, migration status has a small countervailing effect on the decreases in wage inequality. Our analysis concludes that wage inequality is shaped by two factors in the case of temporary migration. The first is the migration system itself which sets different conditions for migrants in terms of skills and migration status, and the second is the composition of the migrant population.
A novel reliability analysis approach for multi‐component systems with stochastic dependency and functional relationships
Authors: Atashgar Karim , Abbasi Majid , Khazaee Mostafa , Karbasian Mehdi
Published: July 2024

Reliability prediction for complex systems utilizing prognostic methods has attracted increasing attention. Furthermore, achieving accurate reliability predictions for complex systems necessitates considering the interaction between components and the multivariate functional relationship that exists among them. This paper proposes a bi‐level method to evaluate the variability of degradation processes and predictive reliability based on the profile monitoring approach for multicomponent systems. Firstly, a multivariate profile structure is introduced to model the framework of degradation analysis in scenarios where there exists stochastic dependency and a multivariate functional relationship between the degradation processes of components. At the component level, the objective is to evaluate the variability of the degradation process for each component considering the presence of stochastic dependence. For the system level analysis, the proposed approach enables the prediction of degradation variability and system reliability by considering the functional relationships among components, without the need for direct calculation of individual component reliabilities. The performance of the proposed model is evaluated through a numerical study and sensitivity analysis conducted on a multicomponent system with a k‐out‐of‐n structure. The results demonstrate the model's notable flexibility and efficiency.
Unleashing digital transformation to achieve the sustainable development goals across multiple sectors
Authors: Varriale Vincenzo , Camilleri Mark Anthony , Cammarano Antonello , Michelino Francesca , Müller Julian , Strazzullo Serena
Published: July 2024

Digital technologies have the potential to support achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Existing scientific literature lacks a comprehensive analysis of the triple link: “digital technologies – different industry sectors – SDGs”. By systematically analyzing extant literature, 1098 sustainable business practices have been collected from 578 papers, using 11 digital technologies in 17 industries to achieve the 17 SDGs. For instance, find that artificial intelligence can be used to achieve affordable and clean energy (SDG 7), responsible consumption and production (SDG 12) as well as to address climate change (SDG 13). Further, geospatial technologies may be applied in the agricultural industry to reduce hunger in various domains (SDG 2), to foster good health and well‐being (SDG 3), to improve the availability of clean water and sanitation facilities (SDG 6), raise awareness on responsible consumption and production (SDG 12), and to safeguard life on land (SDG 15), among other insights.