bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The effects of rose bengal‐ and erythrosine‐mediated photodynamic therapy on Candida albicans
Authors: Costa Anna Carolina Borges Pereira , Rasteiro Vanessa Maria Campos , Pereira Cristiane Aparecida , Rossoni Rodnei Dennis , Junqueira Juliana Campos , Jorge Antonio Olavo Cardoso
Published: June 2011

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of photodynamic therapy (PDT) using rose bengal or erythrosine with light emitting diode (LED) on Candida albicans planktonic cultures and biofilms. Seven C. albicans clinical strains and one standard strain (ATCC 18804) were used. Planktonic cultures and biofilms of each C. albicans strain were submitted to the following experimental conditions: (a) treatment with rose bengal and LED (RB+L+); (b) treatment with erythrosine and LED (E+L+); and (c) control group, without LED irradiation or photosensitiser treatment (P−L−). After irradiation of the planktonic cultures and biofilms, the cultures were seeded onto Sabouraud dextrose agar (37 °C at 48 h) for counting of colony‐forming units (CFU ml−1) followed by posterior anova and Tukey’s test analyses (P < 0.05). The biofilms were analysed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results revealed a significant reduction of planktonic cultures (3.45 log10 and 1.97 log10) and of biofilms (<1 log10) for cultures that were subjected to PDT mediated using either erythrosine or rose bengal, respectively. The SEM data revealed that the PDT was effective in reducing and destroying of C. albicans blastoconidia and hyphae. The results show that erythrosine‐ and rose bengal‐mediated PDT with LED irradiation is effective in treating C. albicans.
Influence of serum on in vitro susceptibility testing of echinocandins for Candida parapsilosis and Candida guilliermondii
Authors: Saribas Zeynep , Yurdakul Pinar , Cetin‐Hazirolan Gulsen , Arikan‐Akdagli Sevtap
Published: June 2011

Echinocandins are antifungal drugs used for the treatment of invasive candidiasis and aspergillosis. They bind to serum proteins within a rate of 96 to >99%. The effect of serum on in vitro echinocandin susceptibility tests of certain Candida and Aspergillus species was reported. This study was performed to determine the effect of human serum on in vitro susceptibility testing of echinocandins for clinical isolates of Candida parapsilosis and Candida guilliermondii, the species which generally have higher minimum inhibitor concentrations compared with other Candida species. One hundred C. parapsilosis and 20 C. guilliermondii isolates were included in the study. The susceptibility tests of caspofungin, micafungin and anidulafungin were performed using microdilution method, either in the presence or absence of 50% human serum, according to the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) M27‐A3 guidelines. It was demonstrated that human serum significantly affects the in vitro susceptibility results of echinocandins for C. parapsilosis and C. guilliermondii isolates, mostly yielding an increase in MICs. The most prominent fold changes were for micafungin and anidulafungin in C. parapsilosis, and for anidulafungin in C. guilliermondii isolates. Serum influences the in vitro echinocandin susceptibility in C. parapsilosis and C. guilliermondii. The mechanism and clinical significance of this in vitro change need to be clarified.
Anidulafungin: when and how? The clinician’s view
Authors: George Jomy , Reboli Annette C.
Published: June 2011

Anidulafungin is the newest addition to the antifungal arsenal. It possesses fungicidal activity against Candida spp., including isolates that are azole and polyene resistant. In addition, it is fungistatic against Aspergillus spp. Anidulafungin is unique in that it possesses no clinically relevant drug interactions and does not require dosage adjustment in renal or hepatic impairment. Anidulafungin was well tolerated in clinical trials and its clinical efficacy has been demonstrated in the treatment of candidemia and other forms of candidiasis.
Infantile digital fibromatosis: A rare tumour of infancy. Report of five cases
Authors: Girgenti Valentina , Restano Lucia , Arcangeli Fabio , Cambiaghi Stefano , Gelmetti Carlo
Published: June 2011

Infantile digital fibromatosis (IDF) is a rare tumour of infancy with a typical clinical presentation and characteristic histopathological findings. Despite an alarming appearance, IDF does not cause deep infiltration or metastasis. The traditional approach of surgical resection was recently challenged by increasing evidence of self regression in months or years. We describe the clinical history of five patients with IDF that were followed in our departments for 5 years.
Psoriasiform eruption triggered by a dipeptidyl peptidase IV inhibitor
Authors: Mas‐Vidal Albert , Santos‐Juanes Jorge , Esteve‐Martinez Altea , Caminal‐Montero Luis , Coto‐Segura Pablo
Published: June 2011

Psoriatic patients have a higher prevalence of diabetes mellitus type 2 (DM). Since dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP‐IV) dysregulation is present in DM and psoriasis, DPP‐IV inhibitors have been proposed as therapeutic agents for both conditions. We report a psoriasiform eruption induced by sitagliptin, a DPP‐IV inhibitor. The role of DPP‐IV in the pathogenesis of DM is well established; however data on psoriatic patients is contradictory. More studies are required to elucidate the effect of DPP‐IV inhibitors and their relationship with DM and psoriasis.
Long‐term effectiveness of autologous cultured limbal stem cell grafts in patients with limbal stem cell deficiency due to chemical burns
Authors: Marchini Giorgio , Pedrotti Emilio , Pedrotti Massimo , Barbaro Vanessa , Di Iorio Enzo , Ferrari Stefano , Bertolin Marina , Ferrari Barbara , Passilongo Mattia , Fasolo Adriano , Ponzin Diego
Published: June 2011

Abstract

Background:  Chemical burns cause depletion of limbal stem cells and eventually lead to corneal opacity and visual loss. We investigated the long‐term effectiveness of autologous cultured limbal stem cell grafts in patients with limbal stem cell deficiency.

Design:  Prospective, non‐comparative interventional case series.

Participants:  Sixteen eyes from 16 patients with severe, unilateral limbal stem cell deficiency caused by chemical burns.

Methods:  Autologous ex vivo cultured limbal stem cells were grafted onto the recipient eye after superficial keratectomy.

Main Outcome Measures:  Clinical parameters of limbal stem cell deficiency (stability/transparency of the corneal epithelium, superficial corneal vascularization and pain/photophobia), visual acuity, cytokeratin expression on impression cytology specimens and histology on excised corneal buttons.

Results:  At 12 months post‐surgery, evaluation of the 16 patients showed that 10 (62.6%) experienced complete restoration of a stable and clear epithelium and 3 (18.7%) had partially successful outcomes (re‐appearance of conjunctiva in some sectors of the cornea and instable corneal surface). Graft failure (no change in corneal surface conditions) was seen in three (18.7%) patients. Penetrating keratoplasty was performed in seven patients, with visual acuity improving up to 0.8 (best result). For two patients, regeneration of the corneal epithelium was confirmed by molecular marker (p63, cytokeratin 3, 12 and 19, mucin 1) analysis. Follow‐up times ranged from 12 to 50 months.

Conclusions:  Grafts of autologous limbal stem cells cultured onto fibrin glue discs can successfully regenerate the corneal epithelium in patients with limbal stem cell deficiency, allowing to perform successful cornea transplantation and restore vision.
Pseudophakic rhegmatogenous retinal detachment in a large Asian tertiary eye centre: a cohort study
Authors: Quek Desmond T‐L , Lee Shu Y , Htoon Hla M , Ang Chong L
Published: June 2011

Abstract

Background:  To determine the incidence and identify risk factors for the development of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment in patients who had cataract surgery at the Singapore National Eye Centre between 2001 and 2003.

Design:  Retrospective case–control study.

Participants:  All patients who had cataract surgery between 2001 and 2003 and subsequently retinal detachment surgery in the same eye, between 2001 and June 2008, at Singapore National Eye Centre.

Methods:  Review of case records.

Main Outcome Measures:  Incidence of posterior capsular rupture and retinal detachment.

Results:  Thirty‐nine eyes, out of 24 846 cataract operations performed between 2001 and 2003, developed rhegmatogenous retinal detachment in the follow‐up period from 2001 to 2008 (cumulative incidence 0.16%, 95% confidence interval 0.11–0.21%). Of the 508 eyes with posterior capsular rupture during cataract surgery, nine developed retinal detachment (cumulative incidence 1.77%, 95% confidence interval 0.87–3.23%). Men were more likely to develop retinal detachment (P < 0.001). On Kaplan–Meier survival analysis, younger patients had a higher probability of retinal detachment in comparison with older subjects (P < 0.001). Similarly, eyes with posterior capsular rupture during surgery had shorter interval duration to retinal detachment, compared with eyes that did not (P = 0.002). When compared with patients more than 70 years of age, younger patients had significantly higher hazard ratios of retinal detachment (hazard ratio 19.7, 95% confidence interval 3.6–107.3, P < 0.05).

Conclusion:  The incidence of pseudophakic retinal detachment in our institution is low. Posterior capsular rupture during surgery, men and younger age at time of surgery increases the risk of developing retinal detachment, and careful observation for the occurrence of retinal detachment may be warranted in these groups of patients.
Comparison of clinical outcomes between iris‐fixated anterior chamber intraocular lenses and scleral‐fixated posterior chamber intraocular lenses in Marfan syndrome with lens subluxation
Authors: Zheng Danying , Wan Pengxia , Liang Jingli , Song Tingting , Liu Yizhi
Published: June 2011

Abstract

Background:  To compare the clinical outcomes in Marfan's with subluxated lens having phaco‐emulsification with simultaneous scleral‐fixated posterior chamber intraocular lens or iris‐fixated anterior chamber intraocular lens implantation.

Design:  Randomized case series in the State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat‐sen University, Guangzhou, China.

Participants:  Seventy‐one eyes of 49 patients with Marfan syndrome with subluxated lens.

Methods:  This is a randomized case series of patients with Marfan syndrome and subluxated lenses who underwent phaco‐emulsification combined with scleral‐fixated posterior chamber intraocular lens or iris‐fixated anterior chamber intraocular lens implantation.

Main Outcome Measures:  The evaluation indexes included the surgery time, best corrected visual acuity, intraocular pressure, aqueous flare and cells counts, corneal endothelium counts and complications.

Results:  Increase in best corrected visual acuity in both groups was not significant. The aqueous flare and cells rose in both groups postoperatively. Significant difference between the two groups at 1 week postoperatively was found, whereas no statistically significant difference was found later. The loss rate of corneal endothelium cells in the scleral‐fixated posterior chamber intraocular lens group was 13.2% and 19.5% at 3 months and 1 year postoperatively, which in the iris‐fixated anterior chamber intraocular lens group was 13.3% and 19.3% (P > 0.05). Prolapse of vitreous was found in 21 cases intraoperatively. The posterior capsule opacification rate was 32% and 15%, respectively. The decentration of the intraocular lens was found in 19 eyes (48.7%) in the scleral‐fixated posterior chamber intraocular lens group 1 year postoperatively, whereas none was found in the iris‐fixated anterior chamber intraocular lens group.

Conclusions:  Iris‐fixated anterior chamber intraocular lens after phaco‐emulsification presented a safe, simple and efficient approach for managing subluxated lens in Marfan syndrome.
There is insufficient evidence to recommend lens extraction as a treatment for primary open‐angle glaucoma: an evidence‐based perspective
Authors: Walland Mark J , Parikh Rajul S , Thomas Ravi
Published: June 2011

Abstract

Cataract extraction in primary open‐angle glaucoma has not been thought to provide a clinically useful or predictable decrease in IOP. This concept has now been challenged, with the opposite belief being promulgated: namely, that lens exchange should be considered as treatment for glaucoma. This revelation could bring a significant change in the glaucoma treatment paradigm.

There are no randomised controlled trials to guide the role of lens extraction in primary open‐angle glaucoma. The available evidence suggests at most a modest reduction in IOP from cataract extraction – greater in the presence of pseudoexfoliation – which is likely to be of marginal benefit, and only in milder forms of open‐angle glaucoma. There is currently no evidence of any quality to suggest that lens extraction routinely represents a clinically useful treatment for primary open‐angle glaucoma.
Comparison of retinal nerve fibre layer thickness with visual evoked potential and visual field in patients with multiple sclerosis
Authors: Alpay Atilla , Guney Tuncer , Unal Aysun , Ugurbas Suat H
Published: June 2011

Abstract

Background:  To evaluate retinal nerve fibre layer thickness and to compare results with visual evoked potentials and visual field in patients with multiple sclerosis.

Design:  A prospective, case‐control study, university hospital setting.

Participants:  Seventy‐three eyes of 37 multiple sclerosis patients and 74 eyes of 37 healthy subjects.

Methods:  All patients underwent a complete neurological and ophthalmological examination and peri‐papillary retinal nerve fibre layer thickness was evaluated using scanning laser polarimetry (GDx). Furthermore, visual evoked potential and visual field testing were performed.

Main Outcome Measures:  The χ2 test, Student's t‐test, Mann–Whitney U‐test and Pearson's correlation coefficient analysis of the GDx, visual evoked potential and visual field testing parameters.

Results:  GDx measurements showed significantly more retinal nerve fibre layer damage in the patients than in the control groups. Comparison of the GDx parameters between patients with optic neuritis and non‐optic neuritis demonstrated a statistically significant difference in symmetry (P = 0.046) and superior/nasal parameters (P = 0.009). A correlation was found between the number, superior and inferior ratio parameters, and P100 amplitude obtained with visual evoked potential in patients with non‐optic neuritis. Additionally, there was a correlation between the number, inferior ratio and superior/nasal parameters, and the mean deviation of visual field in the non‐optic neuritis group.

Conclusions:  For retinal nerve fibre layer thickness measurements in multiple sclerosis patients, the GDx, along with other techniques, such as visual evoked potential, can be used as a diagnostic and follow‐up criterion, particularly in patients without optic neuritis.
The effect of timing and temperature of oral fluids ingested after minor surgery in preschool children on vomiting: a prospective, randomized, clinical study
Authors: Mercan Arzu , El‐Kerdawy Hala , Bhavsaar Bharati , Bakhamees Hassan S.
Published: June 2011

Background:  The time at which children should resume oral intake after surgery is controversial. No information has been published about the relationship between postoperative vomiting and the temperature of the fluid ingested. This study was designed to analyze the effect on postoperative vomiting of the timing and temperature of the fluids ingested in the first oral intake.

Methods:  Two hundred and thirty‐seven male children aged 2–7 years, scheduled for correction of inguinal hernia or undescended testis under general anesthesia and were allocated into four groups. The patients in groups C1 and C2 received clear fluids at room temperature or at body temperature, respectively, 2 h after emergence. The patients in groups E1 and E2 received clear fluids at room temperature or at body temperature, respectively, 1 h after emergence. Vomiting was assessed at intervals of 30 min for 6 h postoperatively, starting from 10 min after emergence.

Results:  The incidence of vomiting was higher in groups C1 (25%) (P = 0.016) and E1 (26.7%) (P = 0.011) than in groups C2 (6.9%) and E2 (10.2%). The incidence was found to be increased significantly 40 min after oral intake in groups C1 (P = 0.012) and E1 (P = 0.010) compared with earlier measurements in the same groups.

Conclusion:  A first oral intake in children 1 h after anesthesia for minor surgery seems not to increase the incidence of vomiting as long as the ingested fluid is at body temperature.
Valuation effects of investor relations investments
Authors: Vlittis Adamos , Charitou Melita
Published: June 2011

We investigate the stock price performance of 146 firms announcing the appointment of a new investor relations (IR) officer or the hiring of an IR firm between 1999 and 2005. We find positive abnormal returns around the announcement day. In addition, we find evidence that firms with lower valuations, higher idiosyncratic risk, greater chief executive officer holdings, and firms that announce in the post‐Sarbanes‐Oxley Act era experience greater valuation effects. Finally, we document significant reductions in the information asymmetry and significant increases in the liquidity and visibility of IR firms in the year following the IR announcement.
Self‐Presentational Motivations and Personality Differences in Self‐Esteem
Authors: Baumeister Roy F. , Tice Dianne M. , Hutton Debra G.
Published: June 2011

ABSTRACT  This article discusses the interpersonal motivations associated with different levels of self‐esteem. Although self‐esteem literally refers to an intrapsychic attitude, we propose that self‐esteem scales often measure a self‐presentational orientation. High self‐esteem scores are associated with a tendency to present oneself in a self‐enhancing fashion that is characterized by willingness to accept risks, focus on outstandingly good qualities, strategic ploys, and calling attention to self. Low self‐esteem scores are associated with a tendency to present oneself in a self‐protective fashion that is characterized by unwillingness to accept risks, focus on avoiding outstandingly bad qualities, avoidance of many strategic ploys, and reluctance to draw attention to self. Considerable evidence shows that most people rate themselves as above average on self‐esteem scales; relatively few people score below any self‐esteem scale's conceptual midpoint. Review of past literature yields the following conclusions: (a) Low scores on self‐esteem scales are typically the result of neutral and intermediate rather than self‐derogatory responses to scale items; (b) behavioral correlates of measured self‐esteem sometimes depend on self‐presentational variables such as audience presence; and (c) many past findings with self‐esteem scales may be interpretable in self‐presentational terms.
‘Shopping for Voice’: Do Pre‐Existing Non‐Union Representation Plans Matter When Employees Unionize?
Authors: Timur A. Tarik , Taras Daphne , Ponak Allen
Published: June 2011

The transition to unionization in three workplaces with pre‐existing non‐union employee representation plans (NERPs) is contrasted to three matched sites, which had only individual representation. Pre‐existing collective voice arrangements had substantial effects on the process and outcomes of unionization. While the individual representation sites presented a conventional process of mobilization and attachment to the union, the NERP sites revealed a more equivocal outcome. The union was used in an instrumental manner to increase NERP power and to achieve worker demands already articulated by the NERP. NERP leaders became union leaders. There remained significant attachment to the NERP and a reluctance to fully embrace unionization.
Learning Boundary Edges for 3D‐Mesh Segmentation
Authors: Benhabiles Halim , Lavoué Guillaume , Vandeborre Jean‐Philippe , Daoudi Mohamed
Published: June 2011

This paper presents a 3D‐mesh segmentation algorithm based on a learning approach. A large database of manually segmented 3D‐meshes is used to learn a boundary edge function. The function is learned using a classifier which automatically selects from a pool of geometric features the most relevant ones to detect candidate boundary edges. We propose a processing pipeline that produces smooth closed boundaries using this edge function. This pipeline successively selects a set of candidate boundary contours, closes them and optimizes them using a snake movement. Our algorithm was evaluated quantitatively using two different segmentation benchmarks and was shown to outperform most recent algorithms from the state‐of‐the‐art.
Social income transfers and poverty: A cross‐country analysis for OECD countries
Authors: Caminada Koen , Goudswaard Kees , Koster Ferry
Published: June 2011

Caminada K, Goudswaard K, Koster F. Social income transfers and poverty: a cross‐country analysis for OECD countries

Poverty alleviation is an important policy objective in developed welfare states. This article reports on a study of the association between social transfer policies and poverty. It has been claimed in several studies that based on a simple bivariate approach, high social effort goes along with low poverty levels. Empirical studies have also found that factors such as demographic and economic conditions may also have an influence on poverty, affecting the relationship between social spending and poverty. In the present study, we empirically analysed the impact of social expenditure on poverty for the period 1985–2005, and in contrast to previous research, demographic and macroeconomic differences across countries were controlled for. Quite a strong negative relationship was still found between the level of social expenditure and poverty. Ageing and unemployment rates were found to have some explanatory power but without affecting the association between social transfers and poverty. Thus, the multivariate approach chosen in this study confirms the results of earlier research.
Executive functioning in children with specific language impairment
Authors: Henry Lucy A. , Messer David J. , Nash Gilly
Published: June 2011

Background:  A limited range of evidence suggests that children with specific language impairment (SLI) have difficulties with higher order thinking and reasoning skills (executive functioning, EF). This study involved a comprehensive investigation of EF in this population taking into account the contributions of age, nonverbal IQ and verbal ability.

Methods:  Ten separate measures of EF were assessed in 160 children: 41 had SLI; 31 had low language/cognitive functioning but did not fulfil the criteria for SLI (low language functioning or LLF); and 88 were typically developing with no language difficulties. Group differences in performance were assessed after controlling for age, nonverbal IQ and verbal ability in a series of regression analyses.

Results:  Children with SLI and LLF had significantly lower performance than typical children on 6 of the 10 EF tasks once age and nonverbal IQ had been controlled (verbal and nonverbal executive‐loaded working memory, verbal and nonverbal fluency, nonverbal inhibition and nonverbal planning). Performance on these EF tasks remained lower for those in the SLI group even when verbal IQ was entered in the regressions.

Conclusions:  Children with language impairments showed marked difficulties on a range of EF tasks. These difficulties were present even when adjustments were made for their verbal abilities.
SV31 is a Zn2+‐binding synaptic vesicle protein
Authors: Barth Joern , Zimmermann Herbert , Volknandt Walter
Published: June 2011

J. Neurochem. (2011) 118, 558–570.

We recently identified in a proteomic screen a novel synaptic vesicle membrane protein of 31 kDa (SV31) of unknown function. According to its membrane topology and its phylogenetic relation SV31 may function as a vesicular transporter. Based on its amino acid sequence similarity to a prokaryotic heavy metal ion transporter we analyzed its metal ion‐binding properties and show that recombinant SV31 binds the divalent cations Zn2+ and Ni2+ and to a minor extent Cu2+, but not Fe2+, Co2+, Mn2+, or Ca2+. Zn2+‐binding of SV31 in viable cells was verified following heterologous transfection of pheochromocytoma cells 12 (PC12) with recombinant red fluorescent SV31 (SV31‐RFP) and the fluorescent zinc indicator FluoZin‐3. Sucrose density gradient fractionation of SV31‐RFP‐transfected PC12 cells revealed a partial overlap of SV31‐RFP with synaptic‐like vesicle markers and the early endosome marker rab5. Immunocytochemical analysis demonstrated a punctuate distribution in the cell soma and in neuritic processes and in addition in a compartment in vicinity to the plasma membrane that was immunopositive also for synaptosomal‐associated protein 25 (SNAP‐25) and syntaxin1A. Our data suggest that SV31 represents a novel Zn2+‐binding protein that in PC12 cells is targeted to endosomes and subpopulations of synaptic‐like microvesicles.
R3F, a novel membrane‐associated glycogen targeting subunit of protein phosphatase 1 regulates glycogen synthase in astrocytoma cells in response to glucose and extracellular signals
Authors: Kelsall Ian R. , Voss Martin , Munro Shonagh , Cuthbertson Daniel J. R. , Cohen Patricia T. W.
Published: June 2011

J. Neurochem. (2011) 118, 596–610.

Abnormal regulation of brain glycogen metabolism is believed to underlie insulin‐induced hypoglycaemia, which may be serious or fatal in diabetic patients on insulin therapy. A key regulator of glycogen levels is glycogen targeted protein phosphatase 1 (PP1), which dephosphorylates and activates glycogen synthase (GS) leading to an increase in glycogen synthesis. In this study, we show that the gene PPP1R3F expresses a glycogen‐binding protein (R3F) of 82.8 kDa, present at the high levels in rodent brain. R3F binds to PP1 through a classical ‘RVxF’ binding motif and substitution of Phe39 for Ala in this motif abrogates PP1 binding. A hydrophobic domain at the carboxy‐terminus of R3F has similarities to the putative membrane binding domain near the carboxy‐terminus of striated muscle glycogen targeting subunit GM/RGL, and R3F is shown to bind not only to glycogen but also to membranes. GS interacts with PP1‐R3F and is hyperphosphorylated at glycogen synthase kinase‐3 sites (Ser640 and Ser644) when bound to R3F(Phe39Ala). Deprivation of glucose or stimulation with adenosine or noradrenaline leads to an increased phosphorylation of PP1‐R3F bound GS at Ser640 and Ser644 curtailing glycogen synthesis and facilitating glycogen degradation to provide glucose in astrocytoma cells. Adenosine stimulation also modulates phosphorylation of R3F at Ser14/Ser18.
Human aging is characterized by focused changes in gene expression and deregulation of alternative splicing
Authors: Harries Lorna W. , Hernandez Dena , Henley William , Wood Andrew R. , Holly Alice C. , Bradley‐Smith Rachel M. , Yaghootkar Hanieh , Dutta Ambarish , Murray Anna , Frayling Timothy M. , Guralnik Jack M. , Bandinelli Stefania , Singleton Andrew , Ferrucci Luigi , Melzer David
Published: June 2011

Aging is a major risk factor for chronic disease in the human population, but there are little human data on gene expression alterations that accompany the process. We examined human peripheral blood leukocyte in‐vivo RNA in a large‐scale transcriptomic microarray study (subjects aged 30–104 years). We tested associations between probe expression intensity and advancing age (adjusting for confounding factors), initially in a discovery set (n = 458), following‐up findings in a replication set (n = 240). We confirmed expression of key results by real‐time PCR. Of 16 571 expressed probes, only 295 (2%) were robustly associated with age. Just six probes were required for a highly efficient model for distinguishing between young and old (area under the curve in replication set; 95%). The focused nature of age‐related gene expression may therefore provide potential biomarkers of aging. Similarly, only 7 of 1065 biological or metabolic pathways were age‐associated, in gene set enrichment analysis, notably including the processing of messenger RNAs (mRNAs); [P < 0.002, false discovery rate (FDR) q < 0.05]. This is supported by our observation of age‐associated disruption to the balance of alternatively expressed isoforms for selected genes, suggesting that modification of mRNA processing may be a feature of human aging.
Parent experiences of attending a specialist clinic for assessment of their child's obsessive compulsive disorder
Authors: Hilton Kristina , Turner Cynthia , Krebs Georgina , Volz Chloe , Heyman Isobel
Published: June 2011

Background:  There are few published studies that have examined parental satisfaction with child mental health assessment. This study reports parental satisfaction with assessment in a national and specialist Child and Adolescent Mental Health Service for obsessive‐compulsive disorder (OCD) and related disorders.

Method:  Forty parents completed a specially developed questionnaire designed to assess expectations and experiences of attending a specialist assessment.

Results:  High levels of satisfaction were reported. Common expectations of the assessment included: advice or information about the treatment of OCD, a diagnosis or understanding of the child's problems, and an offer of treatment.

Conclusions:  The majority of parents reported that their expectations were met, and some suggestions for improvement to the service were noted.
Fossil cocoons associated with a dinosaur egg from Patagonia, Argentina
Authors: GENISE JORGE F. , SARZETTI LAURA C.
Published: June 2011

Abstract:  Eight fossil (Cretaceous) insect cocoons were discovered within the infillings of a broken dinosaur egg of a clutch from a Patagonian locality. Cocoons are considered to be in situ based on detailed preservation of thin, delicate walls with surface texture, infillings that are similar to the surrounding rock matrix and the clustered distribution of cocoons in only one egg out of the clutch of five eggs. According to the shape, size, and thin wall with surface texture, the cocoons are interpreted as having been produced by wasps. The wasps may have been attracted to the egg because of the presence of scavenging insects feeding on the decaying organic matter, or they may have been attracted to spiders feeding on the scavenging insects. In either scenario, after attacking the insects or spiders inside the sand infillings of the egg, the wasp larvae produced the cocoons described herein. The presence of wasps, which are at the top of the scavenging food webs, suggests that a complex community of invertebrates would have developed around rotten dinosaur eggs.
Applying a system approach to forecast the total hepatitis C virus‐infected population size: model validation using US data
Authors: Kershenobich David , Razavi Homie A. , Cooper Curtis L. , Alberti Alfredo , Dusheiko Geoffrey M. , Pol Stanislas , Zuckerman Eli , Koike Kazuhiko , Han Kwang‐Hyub , Wallace Carolyn M. , Zeuzem Stefan , Negro Francesco
Published: June 2011

Background: Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is associated with chronic progressive liver disease. Its global epidemiology is still not well ascertained and its impact will be confronted with a higher burden in the next decade.

Aim: The goal of this study was to develop a tool that can be used to predict the future prevalence of the disease in different countries and, more importantly, to understand the cause and effect relationship between the key assumptions and future trends.

Methods: A system approach was used to build a simulation model where each population was modeled with the appropriate inflows and outflows. Sensitivity analysis was used to identify the key drivers of future prevalence.

Results: The total HCV‐infected population in the US was estimated to decline 24% from 3.15 million in 2005 to 2.47 million in 2021, while disease burden will increase as the remaining infected population ages. During the same period, the mortality rate was forecasted to increase from 2.1 to 3.1%. The diagnosed population was 50% of the total infections, while less than 2% of the total infections were treated.

Conclusion: We have created a framework to evaluate the HCV‐infected populations in countries around the world. This model may help assess the impact of policies to meet the challenges predicted by the evolution of HCV infection and disease. This prediction tool may help to target new public health strategies.
A systematic review of hepatitis C virus epidemiology in Europe, Canada and Israel
Authors: Cornberg Markus , Razavi Homie A. , Alberti Alfredo , Bernasconi Enos , Buti Maria , Cooper Curtis , Dalgard Olav , Dillion John F. , Flisiak Robert , Forns Xavier , Frankova Sona , Goldis Adrian , Goulis Ioannis , Halota Waldemar , Hunyady Bela , Lagging Martin , Largen Angela , Makara Michael , Manolakopoulos Spilios , Marcellin Patrick , Marinho Rui T. , Pol Stanislas , Poynard Thierry , Puoti Massimo , Sagalova Olga , Sibbel Scott , Simon Krzysztof , Wallace Carolyn , Young Kendra , Yurdaydin Cihan , Zuckerman Eli , Negro Francesco , Zeuzem Stefan
Published: June 2011

Background and Aim: Decisions on public health issues are dependent on reliable epidemiological data. A comprehensive review of the literature was used to gather country‐specific data on risk factors, prevalence, number of diagnosed individuals and genotype distribution of the hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection in selected European countries, Canada and Israel.

Methodology: Data references were identified through indexed journals and non‐indexed sources. In this work, 13 000 articles were reviewed and 860 were selected based on their relevance.

Results: Differences in prevalence were explained by local and regional variances in transmission routes or different public health measures. The lowest HCV prevalence (≤0.5%) estimates were from northern European countries and the highest (≥3%) were from Romania and rural areas in Greece, Italy and Russia. The main risk for HCV transmission in countries with well‐established HCV screening programmes and lower HCV prevalence was injection drug use, which was associated with younger age at the time of infection and a higher infection rate among males. In other regions, contaminated glass syringes and nosocomial infections continue to play an important role in new infections. Immigration from endemic countries was another factor impacting the total number of infections and the genotype distribution. Approximately 70% of cases in Israel, 37% in Germany and 33% in Switzerland were not born in the country. In summary, HCV epidemiology shows a high variability across Europe, Canada and Israel.

Conclusion: Despite the eradication of transmission by blood products, HCV infection continues to be one of the leading blood‐borne infections in the region.
Hepatobiliary cystadenomas and cystadenocarcinomas: a report of 33 cases
Authors: Sang Xinting , Sun Yongliang , Mao Yilei , Yang Zhiying , Lu Xin , Yang Huayu , Xu Haifeng , Zhong Shouxian , Huang Jiefu
Published: June 2011

Background: Hepatobiliary cystadenomas and cystadenocarcinomas are rare and often misdiagnosed.

Aims: We report our experience with 33 cases over 20 years to discuss an algorithm for these diseases.

Methods: Patients presenting with a diagnosis of hepatobiliary cystadenomas and cystadenocarcinomas were retrospectively reviewed from January 1991 to October 2010. Clinical data were collected by examining hospital records and by follow‐up questionnaire interviews.

Results: Thirty‐three patients had pathologically diagnosed hepatobiliary cystadenomas (19/33, 17 females and two males) or cystadenocarcinomas (14/33, five females and nine males). Symptoms of cystadenomas at hospitalization were abdominal bloating or pain (9/19). Nine patients had an elevated level of carbohydrate antigen (CA) 19‐9. The surgical procedures, i.e. cyst enucleation, segmentectomy, sectionectomy and hemihepatectomy, were performed with satisfactory outcomes. Symptoms of cystadenocarcinomas included abdominal bloating or pain (8/14) and fever (3/14). Seven patients had elevated CA19‐9. The imaging characteristics of cystadenocarcinomas were similar to those of cystadenomas. The clinical outcomes for cystadenocarcinomas were mostly poor after either surgical or conservative treatment.

Conclusions: Clinical symptoms are unreliable for these diagnoses and their differential diagnosis. Imaging evaluations and CA19‐9 are of value for the recognition of cystadenoma and cystadenocarcinoma, but not for their differential diagnosis. Any recurrence of liver cyst after surgery or other treatments should lead one to suspect one of these diseases. Invasive examination and percutaneous fine‐needle aspiration cytology are not recommended. Complete excision or careful enucleation should be the first treatment choice for a better prognosis.
NOD2 gene variants are a risk factor for culture‐positive spontaneous bacterial peritonitis and monomicrobial bacterascites in cirrhosis
Authors: Bruns Tony , Peter Jack , Reuken Philipp A. , Grabe Dominik H. , Schuldes Sonja R. , Brenmoehl Julia , Schölmerich Jürgen , Wiest Reiner , Stallmach Andreas
Published: June 2011

Background: Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP) is considered as result of bacterial translocation from the gastrointestinal lumen to the mesenteric lymph nodes and subsequent circulation. Variants of the NOD2 gene contribute to bacterial translocation and were associated with SBP in a recent study.

Methods: We determined common NOD2 variants by TaqMan polymerase chain reaction and analysed the ascitic fluid neutrophil count and bacterial culture results in 175 prospectively characterized hospitalized patients with decompensated cirrhosis who underwent diagnostic paracentesis in two German centres.

Results: Ten patients presented with culture‐positive SBP, 19 with culture‐negative SBP and six had bacterascites. Minor allele frequencies for R702W, G908R and 1007fs in subjects with sterile non‐neutrocytic ascites were 3.2, 2.5 and 2.5% respectively. Patients with SBP [odds ratio (OR) 2.7; P=0.036], culture‐positive SBP (OR 6.0; P=0.012) and bacterascites (OR 6.0; P=0.050) were more often carriers of NOD2 variants than patients with sterile non‐neutrocytic ascites. The mutations 1007fs and G908R were associated with culture‐positive SBP (P≤0.005) and R702W with bacterascites (P=0.014). There was no significant association of NOD2 variants with culture‐negative SBP (OR 1.6; P=0.493). In logistic regression, previous SBP, a higher model for end‐stage liver disease (MELD) score and the presence of a NOD2 variant were independent predictors of ascitic fluid infection. The median survival was insignificantly shorter in patients with NOD2 variants (268 vs. 339 days; P=0.386). In patients without hepatocellular carcinoma at study entry (N=148), NOD2 was a predictor of survival after adjustment for the MELD score and age (hazard ratio 1.89; P=0.045).

Conclusion:
NOD2 variants increase the risk for culture‐positive SBP and bacterascites in cirrhosis and may affect survival.
Environmental Risk Factors in Pediatric Psoriasis: A Multicenter Case–Control Study
Authors: Özden Müge G. , Tekin Nilgün S. , Gürer Mehmet A. , Akdemir Devrim , Doğramacı Çiğdem , Utaş Serap , Akman Ayşe , Evans Sibel E. , Bahadır Sevgi , Öztürkcan Serap , İkizoğlu Güliz , Şendur Neslihan , Köse Osman , Bek Yüksel , Yaylı Savaş , Cantürk Tayyar , Turanl Ahmet Y.
Published: June 2011

Abstract:  To analyze the effect of possible risk factors, including breastfeeding, on the development of childhood‐onset psoriasis, a multicenter case‐control study with prospective collection of data was performed. Using a standard questionnaire, personal and specific variables including family history of psoriasis, maternal and environmental tobacco smoke exposure, body mass index (BMI), exclusive and partial breastfeeding for at least 3 and 12 months, cow’s milk intake before 1 year, birth delivery method, and stressful life events were collected during 2009 from 537 patients with psoriasis and 511 controls younger than 18. Overall, patients more frequently reported exposure to environmental tobacco smoke at home and stressful life events in the year preceding the diagnosis than controls. The odds ratios (OR) for smoking and stressful life events were 2.90 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 2.27–3.78) and 2.94 (95% CI = 2.28–3.79), respectively. In addition, children with psoriasis were more likely to have a higher BMI (>26) than controls (OR = 2.52; 95% CI = 1.42–4.49). High BMI, environmental tobacco smoke exposure at home, and stressful life events may influence the development of pediatric psoriasis.
A Prospective Self‐Controlled Phase II Study of Imiquimod 5% Cream in the Treatment of Infantile Hemangioma
Authors: Jiang ChengHong , Hu XiaoJie , Ma Gang , Chen Da , Jin YunBo , Chen Hui , Chen XiaoDong , Lin XiaoXi
Published: June 2011

Abstract:  Imiquimod has been reported to be efficacious in the topical treatment of uncomplicated infantile hemangiomas (IH). However, due to the natural tendency of IH to involute spontaneously, prior uncontrolled efficacy and safety studies have been called into question. We conducted a prospective self‐controlled phase II study of imiquimod initially applied to uncomplicated, proliferative superficial or mixed IHs treating half of each IH once every other night for 16 weeks, leaving the other half untreated. After 16 weeks, an independent dermatologist evaluated the color, area, and volume of each half of the hemangioma. Of the 44 patients treated, the total effective rate was 80% (n = 35), with an overall resolution rated as excellent or good rate in 39% of lesions (n = 17/44). The relapse rate was 2% (n = 1). Side effects were noted in 61% (n = 27) including erythema or/and edema (n = 16%, 7), local itching (n = 7%, 3), peeling (n = 7%, 3), erosion (n = 5%, 2), crusting (n = 55%, 24), ulceration (n = 9%, 4), and scarring (n = 5%, 2). Some patients had two or more side effects. Most were judged to be mild to moderate and did not result in treatment being interrupted. Crusting or ulceration was noted to cause post‐treatment skin reactions, such as texture change, whereas cases without crusting involuted to almost normal skin. No local infection or systemic reaction was observed. The difference in effective rate and side effect incidence between superficial and mixed IH was not statistically significant. Imiquimod 5% cream can be an effective and safe treatment option for superficial mixed IH in which the superficial component predominates. The recurrence rate is low, but local reactions including crusting can develop and result in post‐treatment skin changes.
Intrinsic Factors for Continued ERP Learning: A Precursor to Interdisciplinary ERP Curriculum Design
Authors: Chen Kuanchin , Razi Muhammad , Rienzo Thomas
Published: June 2011

Unilateral enterprise resource planning (ERP) curriculum improvements from the instructor's perspective are likely to generate only limited success. Understanding student motivations and beliefs with ERP systems is the missing link to effective ERP education. Relatively little attention in the ERP literature has been given to student learning associated with ERP experience, and almost none to factors influencing current and expected student beliefs and behaviors relative to ERP. The complexity of ERP systems demands that beliefs and behaviors be considered when planning ERP curricula. In the present study, the Theory of Planned Behavior was extended to examine students’ intentions to explore additional aspects of ERP after their class exercises. When considering all students, attitude and subjective norm had positive and significant effects on intentions to continue ERP learning. Subjective norm also affected attitude, and availability of support materials had a positive effect on subjective norm. Distinctive patterns are found for the construct relationships between student groups who valued ERP education (the engaged) and those who placed little or no value on ERP education (the undecided). Results from competing model analyses indicate that support materials influenced the engaged and undecided groups differently. Strategies for ERP curriculum design are provided.
Project Cheddarfield: Supporting Co‐Curricular Themes Through Creative Use of Video Course‐Casting
Authors: Simpson Natalie C. , Hancock Philip G.
Published: June 2011

This article chronicles the coordination and better integration of existing institutional resources to support cocurricular themes embedded in the provision of a large enrollment, video‐mediated undergraduate operations management (OM) course. The name Project Cheddarfield refers to a 2008 initiative in which two professors team‐taught an OM course to over 600 undergraduates on two different continents through the repeated rapid exchange of digital video between the United States and Singapore. Simultaneously infused in this core curricular delivery were themes of global awareness and study‐abroad, including the promotion of one particular opportunity that bridged the two campuses. This action research narrative spans over 5 years of related activity leading up to the initiative, as this project is best understood as a trajectory, or the evolving result of design adapting to unfolding realities.
Knowledge Management ERP Curriculum Design/Mapping (Theory and Development Tools)
Authors: Swanson Zane , Hepner Michelle
Published: June 2011

This study proposes a knowledge management framework for developing and managing enterprise resource planning (ERP) curriculum within business schools. Both theory and a practical implementation are addressed. The knowledge management (KM)1 framework has two components which utilize ERP from a big picture curriculum overview and a ground level coursework perspective. First, a flowchart illustrates the mapping of ERP2 system practice cases to program courses. Using the flowchart, faculty can more easily communicate and manage ERP curriculum features within an existing major course structure. Our design was implemented using a specific ERP system and example company setup to provide for minimal start‐up and overhead costs for faculty and a minimal learning curve for students. The second component of the KM framework provides a mapping and library function. Specific design course cells have a general description of case summary features and/or homework exercises. Each design course cell also links to the relevant ERP system settings and a list of learning objectives. This mapping enables one company to be used throughout an undergraduate Accounting or IS degree program where the student's learning experiences in each course are tailored to provide by program's end a broad experiential view of ERP system usage. The system design flowchart is flexible and can be modified year‐to‐year or differentiated to work at any school. The system design flowchart also enables faculty to assign a list of accreditation competencies (within the context of learning objectives) to each course in the system design chart.
The Ordering Challenge: An Online Game to Introduce Independent Demand Inventory Concepts
Authors: Meyer Brad C. , Bishop Debra S.
Published: June 2011

Students are put in the role of a manager who watches inventory levels decrease and must order at the right time and in the right quantity to minimize costs. This interactive game requires the students to race against time and has levels of increasing difficulty. It introduces the students to the concepts of holding cost, ordering cost, backlog cost, the sawtooth curve, reorder point, order quantity, ABC categorization, and continuous review systems. The game is simple and is available free online. An accompanying assignment is designed to guide the student's reflection process while playing the game.