bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Conceptual Model of Predictors of SMEs' Performance in the Context of Sudan
Authors: Abdelrahman Osman Elsheikh , Abdullah Zarifah Bt , Abas Zakaria
Published: January 2018

Purpose: SMEs' performance in Sudan is in downturn and calls for research-based solution. To address this, this conceptual study proposes a model entailing management accounting practices (costing, budgeting, and performance measures practices) as predictors of SMEs' performance. Also, research findings on the relationship between management accounting practices and performance are inconsistent.  Given this, this study proposes a model entailing management accounting practices as determinants of SMEs' performance with moderating role of external business environment.

Design/methodology/approach: This work is theorized based on extensive literature survey through which a conceptual model is developed and discussed. Inconsistent relationship between management accounting practices and performance is valuated and established via published research. Also, moderating role of external business environment is discussed and validated based on contingency theory.

Findings: This paper proposes a conceptual model to serve as an answer to how Sudanese SMEs' performance can be improved through management accounting practices.

Research limitations/implications: The proposed model in this work is based on survey of published research, but it can be empirically solidified further through collection and analysis of relevant data.

Practical implications: The paper can help SMEs' owners/ managers and policy makers to understand how properly-adopted management accounting practices can improve SMEs' performance.

Originality/value: The proposed conceptual framework is an exceptional and all-inclusive model that will expectantly improve the relevant body of literature and serve as useful guide for stakeholders on how the performances of SMEs can be boosted to enable them catch up with the SMEs' performance level of the developed countries in order to boost the economy of Sudan as a nation.
Influence of University Experience on the Entrepreneurial Quality among Graduate Students in Malaysian Public Universities
Authors: Abd Rani Shamsul Huda , Kamil Bidayatul Akmal Mustafa , Rani Shamsul Hana Abd
Published: January 2018

Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to examine the influence of university experience on the development of entrepreneurial quality among graduate students in Malaysian Public Universities. A conceptual model is proposed and empirically tested where entrepreneurial quality is influenced by university experience. 

Methodology: A questionnaire survey was administered to 400 students in several Public Universities. Regression analysis as statistical tools was used to analyze the data and test the hypotheses that entrepreneurial quality is impacted by the university experience.

Findings: The postulated relationships were found supported by the data. The research found that university experience has significant and positive impact on entrepreneurial quality among graduate students in Malaysian Public Universities.

Implication: The study is particularly useful for Malaysian Ministry of Higher Education as well as the Malaysian Public Universities by identifying advantages university experience among students in Malaysian Public Universities. This paper is hoped to give valuable reference to the parties to consider the university in order to prepare for the young generation in the future.
Особливості фазоутворення при термічному синтезі композитів типу MAX-фаз, отриманих із порошкових сумішей на основі систем TiH2-Al-C та TiH2-Si-C
Authors: Suprun O.V. , Bagluk G.A.
Published: January 2018

У статі наведені результати досліджень особливостей фазового аналізу матеріалів типу MAX-фаз, отриманих термічним синтезом із порошкових сумішей систем TiH2-Al-C та TiH2-Si-C. Показана суттєва залежність фазового складу сплаву від температури термічного синтезу. Так, за результатами рентгенофазового аналізу показано, що при нагріванні досліджуваних вихідних сумішей системи TiH2-Al-C при 1150 °C відбувається виділення часток карбіду титану TiC, потрійної сполуки Ti2AlC та інтерметаліду Ti3Al. Збільшення температури синтезу до 1300 °C призводить до зменшення вмісту карбіду титану TiC та суттєвого збільшення вмісту потрійної сполуки Ti2AlC, а після синтезу при 1400 °C базовою фазою сплаву стає потрійна сполука Ti3AlC2. При дослідження взаємодії компонентів порошкової шихти на основі системи TiH2-Si-C виявлено, що при температурі синтезу 1150 °C основною фазою сплаву є карбід титану. У фазовому складі сплаву ідентифікуються також потрійна сполука Ti3SiC2 та інтерметаліди Ti5Si4 і Ti5Si3. Збільшення температури спікання до 1300 °C призводить до зменшення в складі зразку карбіду титану TiC та збільшення кількості Ti3SiC2, а після синтезу при 1400 °C в продуктах, крім основної фази - Ti3SiC2, можуть бути присутні домішки TiC та Ti5Si3.
Imunohistokimia Patogenitas Viral Nervous Necrosis Isolat Lapang Bali yang Diinfeksikan pada Kerapu Macan Budidaya
Authors: Sudaryatma Putu Eka , Lestari Artanti Tri
Published: January 2018

Di Indonesia dilaporkan bahwa VNN (Viral Nervous Necrosis) telah menyerang sebagian besar budidaya ikan kerapu dengan tingkat kematian 100%. Untuk mencegah penyebaran penyakit VNN pada kerapu yang dilalulintaskan Balai Karantina Ikan Pengendalian Mutu dan Keamanan Hasil Perikanan kelas I Denpasar mengembangkan pemeriksaan imunohistokimia untuk mengetahui tingkat patogenitas VNN sebagai dasar penanggulangan dan pencegahan penyakit VNN di wilayah Bali. Kerapu macan berukuran 150 g - 300 g sebanyak 50 ekor diaklimatisasi, sepuluh ekor kerapu sebagai kontrol, 40 ekor diinjeksi dengan inokulum VNN (isolat Bali) konsentrasi 101,5 yang dipelihara tanpa siklus pergantian air. Pengamatan gejala klinis dan pengambilan sampel organ dilakukan 12 jam pasca infeksi dan berturut-turut setiap 12 jam. Pengambilan organ digunakan untuk pemeriksaan imunohistokimia (streptavidin-biotin) dan uji konfirmasi menggunakan pemeriksaa RT- PCR kit IQ-2000 VNN. Hasil imunohistokimia pada 24 jam pertama hanya menyerang mata dan otak, 36 jam pasca infeksi virus penyebab VNN terdapat di organ jantung, 48 jam pasca infeksi virus penyebab VNN terdapat di organ hati dan limpa yang diakhiri pada 60 jam pasca infeksi virus penyebab VNN berada di organ ginjal. Distribusi VNN yang luas pada seluruh organ tubuh menunjukkan bahwa viraemia menjadi faktor penting dalam patogenesis infeksi penyakit VNN.Kata kunci: VNN, patogenitas, kerapu macan, imunohistokimia (Imunohistochemistry of Pathogenicity Viral Nervous Necrosis Bali Field Isolate are Infected in Tiger Grouper Marine Culture)In Indonesia was reported VNN (Viral Nervous Necrosis) has invaded most of grouper culture with a mortality rate of 100%. To prevent the spread of VNN in groupers export from Balai Karantina Ikan Pengendalian Mutu dan Keamanan Hasil Perikanan kelas I Denpasar, it develop immunohistochemistry to determine the level of pathogenicity VNN as a basis for prevention and disease prevention VNN in Bali. Tiger grouper sized 150 - 300 g as much as 50 animals acclimatized, ten head of grouper as a control, 40 tails were injected with an inoculum concentration of 101.5 VNN are preserved without change of the water cycle. Observation of clinical symptoms and organ sampling performed 12 hours post-infection and successively every 12 hours, making the organ used for immunohistochemistry (streptavidin-biotin) and a confirmatory test using RT - PCR kit examination of the IQ -2000 VNN. Immunohistochemical results on the first 24 hours only attacks the eyes and brain, 36 hours post-infection the virus that was found in cardiac, 48 hours post-infection the virus that VNN contained in the liver and spleen were terminated at 57 hours post-infection the virus in the kidney. Spread of VNN distribution in all organs showed that viraemia is an important factor in the pathogenesis of infectious diseases VNN.Keywords: VNN, immunohistochemistry, tiger grouper, patogenitas
Profil Kreatinin dan Nitrogen Urea Darah pada Anak Sapi Friesian Holstein yang Disuplementasi Zn
Authors: Widhyari Sus Derthi , Esfandiari Anita , Cahyono Aditia Dwi
Published: January 2018

Parameter kreatinin dan nitrogen urea darah atau blood urea nitrogen (BUN) dapat digunakan sebagai indikator untuk melihat adanya gangguan fungsi ginjal. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kadar kreatinin dan BUN dalam serum anak sapi Friesian Holstein (FH) yang diberi suplementasi mineral Zn di dalam pakan. Penelitian ini menggunakan 9 ekor anak sapi FH yang sehat secara klinis dan umur berkisar antara 6-10 bulan. Hewan dibagi menjadi 3 kelompok, yaitu kelompok tanpa suplementasi Zn, kelompok yang diberi suplementasi Zn sebesar 60 ppm, dan kelompok yang diberi suplementasi Zn sebesar 120 ppm. Pengambilan sampel darah dilakukan melalui vena jugularis sebelum pemberian Zn dan setiap bulan setelah pemberian Zn selama 3 bulan. Sampel darah dalam bentuk serum dianalisis untuk kadar kreatinin dan BUN menggunakan alat spektrofotometer. Hasil pemeriksaan memperlihatkan bahwa kadar kreatinin darah berkisar antara 0,64 sampai 0,77 mg/dL, dan kadar BUN berkisar antara 8 sampai 19 mg/dL. Kadar kreatinin dan BUN darah pada anak sapi FH masih berada pada kisaran normal. Oleh karena itu suplementasi Zn 60 ppm maupun 120 ppm yang diberikan selama tiga bulan pada anak sapi FH relatif aman dan tidak menggangu fungsi ginjal.Kata kunci: mineral Zn, BUN, kreatinin, anak sapi Friesian Holstein. (Creatinin and Blood Urea Nitrogen Profiles on Friesian Holstein Calves Supplemented by Zn)Creatinine and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) can be used for indicator renal disfuction. The objective of this experiment was to study the concentration of creatinine and blood urea nitrogen in Friesian Holstein (FH) calves, received feed supplemented by Zn. Nine healthy Holstein calves, 6-10 months old were used in this experiment. The calves were devided into 3 groups, consisted of three calves, i.e. no supplementation (control), 60 ppm and 120 ppm of Zn supplementation. Blood sample were collected from jugular vein, before dan after supllementation Zn every month untill 3 months. Blood urea nitrogen and creatinine concentrations in serum were analysed using spectrophotometer. Results of the experiment had indicated that the creatinine and BUN concentration ranging between 0,64-0,77 mg/dL and 8-19 mg/dL, respectively. In conclusion, concentration of creatinine and Blood urea nitrogen were in a normal range. So the supplementation of Zn 60 and 120 ppm were given for three months in Friesian Holstein calves relatively safe for renal function.Keywords: zinc, blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, Friesian Holstein calves.
Examining the Interstate Mobility of Recent College Graduates
Authors: Kelchen Robert , Webber Douglas A.
Published: January 2018

An increasingly important goal of state policymakers is to keep young, well-educated adults to remain in that state instead of moving elsewhere after college, as evidenced by New York’s recent move to tie state grant aid to staying in state after graduation. We used American Community Survey data from 2005–2015 to examine the prevalence of interstate mobility over the past decade as well as provide state-level rates of “brain drain.” We found substantial variations in interstate mobility across states, which has important policy implications.
Callus Induction and Plant Regeneration in Rauvolfia Serpentina (L.) Benth Ex. Kurz.
Authors: Aryal Saraswoti , Joshi Sanu Devi
Published: January 2018

Rauvolfia serpentina (L.) ex. Kurz is an important medicinal plant. Callus induction and regeneration was studied from stem explant of in-vitro grown plant of Rauvolfia serpentina(L.) Benth. ex Kurz (Apocynaceae) on Murashige Skoog (1962) medium supplemented with 1mg/l 2,4-Dichlorophenocy acetic acid (2,4-D) and 1mg/l Kinetin (Kn). Vigorous growth of callus occurs after 4 weeks of culture. Callus was sub-cultured on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with different concentration of 2, 4-D (0.5-3.0 mg/l) and 10% coconut milk. Regeneration of plantlets occurred on MS medium containing 3 mg/1 of 2, 4-D and 10% coconut milk. These plantlets were rooted on MS medium supplemented with 1 mg/l IAA .The regenerated plantlets were able to grow on soil after short period ofacclimatization. Key words: Explant; In-vitro culture; MS medium;  2, 4 Dichlorophenoxy acetic acid; Kinetin; Callus; Tissue culture; Coconut milk. Journal of Natural History Museum Vol. 24, 2009 Page: 82-88
Flying Predators of Honeybees in Different Apiaries of Kathmandu Valley
Authors: Bhatta Chet Prasad , Tamrakar Ananda Shova
Published: January 2018

An investigation on Flying Predators of Honeybees and its Management in Different Apiaries of Kathmandu valley was carried out at Bhatkyapati-12 (Apiary A) and Tyangla-3 (Apiary B), Kirtipur Municipality under apiary and field condition during July, 2004 to September, 2004. Four species of hornets belonging to family Vespidae and six species of birds of the order Passeriformes were recorded as major flying predators around the study site which consume both house and field honeybees. Hornets were observed as most serious natural enemies of bees. Among four species of hornets viz: Vespa velutina Smith, Vespa tropica L., Vespa mandarina Smith, Vespa basalis Smith; V. velutina and V. mandarina were found most abundant and serious enemies of honeybees in apiaries. Among six species of birds, Dicrurus macrocercus and Dicrurus aeneus were serious predators which heavily feed on flying honeybees during the rainy reason with high rainfall and relative humidity. Other birds recorded around the apiaries have minor effects as they consume dead bees only.Key words: Honeybees; Apiary; Predators; Hornets; Vespa; DicrurusJournal of Natural History MuseumVol. 24, 2009Page : 121-125 .
Studies on Length-Weight Relationship of a Hill-Stream Loach, Schistura cupicola (McClelland)
Authors: Ansumal Aman , Subba Bharat Raj
Published: January 2018

The study of length-weight relationship of a hill-stream loach, Schistura rupicola McClelland collected from Lampengwa Khola, Nepal was done using the least square formula W=aLTb. The values of 'a' and 'b' calculated from the measurement of total length and total body weight were -2.1431 and 3.0508 respectively. The computed value of correlation coefficient (r) was 0.9970.  Key words: Correlation coefficient; Regression coefficient; Allometric growth; Body weight.  Journal of Natural History MuseumVol. 24, 2009Page : 126-129
Container Preference of the Asian Tiger Mosquito (Aedes albopictus) in Kathmandu and Lalitpur Districts of Nepal
Authors: Gautam Ishan , KC Aradhana , Tuladhar R , Pandey Basu Dev , Tamrakar Anand Shova , Byanju Reena , Dhimal Meghnath , Aryal Krishna , Kuch Ulrich
Published: January 2018

In various countries the Asian Tiger Mosquito (Aedes albopictus) is a known vector of dengue and chikungunya viruses and other pathogens, but its ecology and role in disease transmission in Nepal has not been studied yet. Here, we report on an investigation of the seasonal distribution of potential artificial breeding habitats of A. albopictus in urban areas of the Kathmandu and Lalitpur districts of Nepal. Larval collections were performed from April 2009 to March 2010 simultaneously in all the wet containers present in and around the houses of the study areas. Altogether 1873 water containers in Kathmandu district and 1807 in Lalitpur district were searched in 12 months, out of which 107 (5.7%) and 129 (7.1%), respectively, were found positive for A. albopictus breeding. Within the urban agglomeration of both districts, the breeding was found to vary between localities. Immature stages of A. albopictus were recorded in pre-monsoon, monsoon and post-monsoon seasons as 1.9%, 6.7% and 5.6%, respectively, in wet containers in Kathmandu district. In Lalitpur district, A. albopictus larvae were detected in 4.6%, 7.6% and 7.1% of the wet containers in the pre-monsoon, monsoon and post-monsoon, respectively. The breeding preference ratio during all seasons was highest for discarded tires lying outdoors in both Kathmandu and Lalitpur districts. Among nine container types searched and examined, 95% of discarded tires were found positive for A. albopictus larvae and pupae, followed by metal drums (2%) and plastic drums (1.25%). Continued and increased urbanization and vehicle movement in Kathmandu and Lalitpur districts have resulted in increased amounts of non-biodegradable containers such as tires around human dwellings, thereby creating ideal breeding habitats for A. albopictus.J. Nat. Hist. Mus. Vol. 26, 2012: 181-193
Status Monitoring and Conservation Issues of Teinopalpus Imperialis Hope (Lepidoptera: Papilionidae), an Endangered Butterfly of Nepal
Authors: Khanal Bhaiya , Shrestha Keshab , Shrestha Madan Krishna
Published: January 2018

Teinopalpus imperialis an endangered swallowtail butterfly of high conservation value is encompassed into the Appendix II of CITES (Convention of International Trade of Endangered Species). This butterfly prefers its habitat at the altitudinal range of 2180 - 3000 m and emerges out for a brief period in summer months of May till July first week annually. This target species dwells in the broad leaved evergreen and mixed forest of Oaks (Quercus spp.). This specific work made an extensive study of Teinopalpus imperialis with respect to its population status, associated habitats and prevailing threats in Phulchoki Mountain (Lalitpur District), Nagarjun –Shivapuri National Park (Kathmandu District) and Nagarkot Mountain (Bhaktapur District). This revealed out the occurrence of 21 individual populations of this butterfly in the Phulchoki Mountain and 8 individuals in the Nagarjun forest. Nagarkot of Bhaktapur district did not represent any of this species due to prevailing high impact on its habitat area.J. Nat. Hist. Mus. Vol. 28, 2014: 49-56
Study on Culex Mosquitoes of Bhelukhel, Bode and Tathali of Bhaktapur District, Nepal
Authors: Shrestha Monica , Gautam Ishan , Gupta Ranjana
Published: January 2018

An entomological study was carried out in Bhelukhel, Bode and Tathali of Bhaktapur district to compare fluctuation in population size of Culex mosquitoes in relation to relative humidity and temperature. Mosquitoes were collected during July-December 2012 around the pig enclosures and cattle sheds by means of dark activated rechargeable CDC light trap. The study resulted 73.41% of Culex mosquitoes out of the total mosquitoes collected (884). Total eleven species of Culexmosquitoes were recorded namely Cx. tritaeniorhynchus, Cx. fuscocephala, Cx. gelidus, Cx. vishnui, Cx. pseudovishnui, Cx. bitaeniorhynchus, Cx. quinquefasciatus, Cx. edwardsi, Cx. hutchnsoni, Cx. whitei and Cx.whitmorei. Distribution of Culexspecies was abundant in July and August. Cx. quinquefasciatus, the principal vector of Lymphaticfilariasis (LF) was recorded to be the most dominant species in all the three sites. Cx. tritaeniorhynchus, the principal Japanese encephalitis (JE) vector was collected in higher number during August from Tathali and Bode site and during July from Bhelukhel site. Significant variation was not observed in abundance of Culex mosquito in three study sites in six different months.J. Nat. Hist. Mus. Vol. 28, 2014: 118-126
Diversity of Wild Mushrooms In Rupandehi District, Western Nepal
Authors: Aryal Hari Prasad
Published: January 2018

This paper highlights the one of the underappreciated natural resource of NTFPs, has high food and medicinal values. The area embraces different mycophagus ethnic communities. The work emphasized the knowledge on the use of various ways of the wild mushrooms in the different ethnic groups and communities in habiting in the district and to explore in the study area. This mycological investigation carried out in different area ranging between 90 and 1229 m asl in tropical deciduous riverine forest, to subtropical deciduous hill forest. The specimens are housed in the Central Department of Botany, Pathology Unit, Tribhuvan University. The collected samples represented 46 species of Basidiomycetes belongs to 32 genera, 20 families and 9 order. The mycoelements prevailing in this area need sustainable utilization and conservation. J. Nat. Hist. Mus. Vol. 29, 2015, Page: 19-31
Phyto-Ecological Assessment of Mahakali River, Far-western Nepal
Authors: Kunwar Ripu M , Pyakurel Pratistha , Burlakoti Chundamani , Pyakurel Parakram , Shah Shree G.
Published: January 2018

An assessment of phyto-ecology and socio-economy of wetlands of Mahakali River system of far-western Nepal was carried through rapid ecological assessments, participatory discussions, transects and quadrat studies, and laboratory analyses to reveal the interactions between physico-chemical characteristics of water and soil, biodiversity and socio-economic regimes. Mahakali river system was flanked by a number of tributaries, steep cliffs, rocks, and was closely associated with riverine and mixed Shorea robusta (Sal) forests, resulting in richness and diversity of habitats and plant species. Vegetation succession was found to conspicuous as transcends farther from river edge, the Phragmites karka was gradually succeeded by Saccharum spontaneum and riverine forest species such as Acacia catechu, Dalbergia sissoo, Bombax ceiba, Eugenia jambolina, Aegle marmelos, etc. A total 140 plant species including 78 ethnomedicinal were inventoried, representing about 27 percent of the district flora. This study serves as a baseline data of phyto-ecological attributes of Mahakali River and can be taken as a reference to investigate the temporal changes in Mahakali River system.  J. Nat. Hist. Mus. Vol. 29, 2015, Page: 32-48
Status of Striped Hyena (Hyaena Hyaena Linnaeus, 1758) and Their Conservation Approaches in Rautahat and Sarlahi Forests, Nepal
Authors: Bhandari Shivish , Rijal Bishwanath , Khanal Sujan
Published: January 2018

The striped hyena is one of the least studied large carnivores in Nepal. We evaluated status of Striped hyena (Hyaena hyaena Linnaeus, 1758) and their conservation approaches in Rautahat and Sarlahi forests, Nepal. The overall objective of this study was to explore the baseline information on striped hyena and to recommend the future conservation action for striped hyena. Camera trapping, sign transect and questionnaire surveys were used to collect the baseline information on striped hyena. A total of 20 mammalian species including striped hyena were recorded. The striped hyena preferred riverbed than that of mixed forest, Accacia forest, Shorea forest and grassland. Most of the striped hyena sign evidences (36.27 %) were located in riverbed, followed by mixed forest (26.47%), Accacia forest (20.58 %), Shorea forest (15.56 %) and grassland (0.98%). Habitat degradation was one of the major threats to this animal and its prey species.  J. Nat. Hist. Mus. Vol. 29, 2015, Page: 49-59
Ethnobotanical study of Indigenous Knowledge on Some Wild Plants in Parsa District, Nepal
Authors: Singh Shila
Published: January 2018

The present study was carried out to document ethnobotanical informations of some wild plants used by the Tharu community of Parsa district forest area of Nepal. This study was designed to gather primary folk knowledge on different plant based therapies used at four adjacent villages; Gadi, Madhuban mathwal, Sonbarsa and Shanker Sharaiya for various purposes through frequent field visits in the forest and adjoining villages, participatory observations, group discussion, interviews with tribal's and local knowledgeable people in the year 2013 from February to November. A total of 54 ethno-medicinal wild plant species belonging to 29 families and 44 genera were documented in this study. It can be concluded that Tharu community of the Parsa district possess valuable traditional knowledge on plant based therapies. Present documentation will provide novel information to protect traditional knowledge for the conservation and sustainable use of the rich biodiversity for future generations and serve to open the door for new pharmacological research.  J. Nat. Hist. Mus. Vol. 29, 2015, Page: 103-121
Enhancement of antitumor activity by using 5-ALA–mediated sonodynamic therapy to induce apoptosis in malignant gliomas: significance of high-intensity focused ultrasound on 5-ALA-SDT in a mouse glioma model
Authors: Suehiro Satoshi , Ohnishi Takanori , Yamashita Daisuke , Kohno Shohei , Inoue Akihiro , Nishikawa Masahiro , Ohue Shiro , Tanaka Junya , Kunieda Takeharu
Published: January 2018

OBJECTIVE

High invasiveness of malignant gliomas frequently causes early local recurrence of the tumor, resulting in extremely poor outcome. To control such recurrence, novel therapies targeted toward infiltrating glioma cells around the tumor border are required. Here, the authors investigated the antitumor activity of sonodynamic therapy (SDT) combined with a sonosensitizer, 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA), on malignant gliomas to explore the possibility for clinical use of 5-ALA–mediated SDT (5-ALA-SDT).

METHODS

In vitro cytotoxicity of 5-ALA-SDT was evaluated in U87 and U251 glioma cells and in U251Oct-3/4 glioma stemlike cells. Treatment-related apoptosis was analyzed using flow cytometry and TUNEL staining. Intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) were measured and the role of ROS in treatment-related cytotoxicity was examined by analysis of the effect of pretreatment with the radical scavenger edaravone. Effects of 5-ALA-SDT with high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) on tumor growth, survival of glioma-transplanted mice, and histological features of the mouse brains were investigated.

RESULTS

The 5-ALA-SDT inhibited cell growth and changed cell morphology, inducing cell shrinkage, vacuolization, and swelling. Flow cytometric analysis and TUNEL staining indicated that 5-ALA-SDT induced apoptotic cell death in all gliomas. The 5-ALA-SDT generated significantly higher ROS than in the control group, and inhibition of ROS generation by edaravone completely eliminated the cytotoxic effects of 5-ALA-SDT. In the in vivo study, 5-ALA-SDT with HIFU greatly prolonged survival of the tumor-bearing mice compared with that of the control group (p < 0.05). Histologically, 5-ALA-SDT produced mainly necrosis of the tumor tissue in the focus area and induced apoptosis of the tumor cells in the perifocus area around the target of the HIFU-irradiated field. The proliferative activity of the entire tumor was markedly decreased. Normal brain tissues around the ultrasonic irradiation field of HIFU remained intact.

CONCLUSIONS

The 5-ALA-SDT was cytotoxic toward malignant gliomas. Generation of ROS by the SDT was thought to promote apoptosis of glioma cells. The 5-ALA-SDT with HIFU induced tumor necrosis in the focus area and apoptosis in the perifocus area of the HIFU-irradiated field, whereas the surrounding brain tissue remained normal, resulting in longer survival of the HIFU-treated mice compared with that of untreated mice. These results suggest that 5-ALA-SDT with HIFU may present a less invasive and tumor-specific therapy, not only for a tumor mass but also for infiltrating tumor cells in malignant gliomas.
Extensive Broadband X-Ray Monitoring During the Formation of a Giant Radio Jet Base in Cyg X-3 with AstroSat
Authors: Pahari Mayukh , Yadav J S , Chauhan Jai Verdhan , Rawat Divya , Misra Ranjeev , Agrawal P C , Chandra Sunil , Bagri Kalyani , Jain Pankaj , Manchanda R K , Chitnis Varsha , Bhattacharyya Sudip
Published: January 2018

We present X-ray spectral and timing behavior of Cyg X-3 as observed by AstroSat during the onset of a giant radio flare on 2017 April 1–2. Within a timescale of a few hours, the source shows a transition from the hypersoft state (HPS) to a more luminous state (we termed as the very high state), which coincides with the time of the steep rise in radio flux density by an order of magnitude. Modeling the Soft X-ray Telescope (SXT) and Large Area X-ray Proportional Counter (LAXPC) spectra jointly in 0.5–70.0 keV, we found that the first few hours of the observation is dominated by the HPS with no significant counts above 17 keV. Later, an additional flat power-law component suddenly appeared in the spectra that extends to very high energies with the power-law photon index of

. Such a flat power-law component has never been reported from Cyg X-3. Interestingly the fitted power-law model in 25–70 keV, when extrapolated to the radio frequency, predicts the radio flux density to be consistent with the trend measured from the RATAN-600 telescope at 11.2 GHz. This provides direct evidence of the synchrotron origin of flat X-ray power-law component and the most extensive monitoring of the broadband X-ray behavior at the moment of decoupling the giant radio jet base from the compact object in Cyg X-3. Using SXT and LAXPC observations, we determine the giant flare ejection time as MJD 57845.34 ± 0.08 when 11.2 GHz radio flux density increases from ∼100 to ∼478 mJy.
Tour de table
Authors: Preston Marie , Suchet Myriam
Published: January 2018

Résumé À table !
Act Up, une histoire
Authors: Martineau Jacques
Published: January 2018

Résumé Mémoire d’une quetsche
Le traité de l’Élysée et les différents domaines de la coopération franco-allemande
Authors: Calmes-Brunet Sylvia
Published: January 2018

Le traité de l’Élysée, conclu le 22 janvier 1963 par le Général de Gaulle et le Chancelier Adenauer, a eu pour objectif politique de sceller la « réconciliation » franco-allemande/germano-française. Il ne constitue certes qu’un renforcement de la coopération, donc une étape dans la coopération progressive qui s’est instaurée entre l’Allemagne et la France depuis l’après-guerre, mais une étape décisive, au moins sur le plan symbolique. Il marque en outre l’essor d’un partenariat institutionnel au sein du « couple » franco-allemand, considéré depuis comme le moteur de la construction européenne.
L’homme autochtone à l’orée du xxie siècle
Authors: Goy Raymond
Published: January 2018

Le droit international définit maintenant les droits des individus autochtones. Il reconnaît leurs droits de l’homme, l’ONU par les pactes de 1966 et la déclaration de 2007, l’Unesco par une convention de 1989. Et, il considère ses droits de l’homme comme égaux entre les différentes identités mais comme s’adaptant à des différences matérielles.
La crise de la loi en droit public camerounais
Authors: Bilounga Stève Thiery
Published: January 2018

Le système législatif camerounais propre au droit public, semble en cours de dégradation du fait de certaines incongruités juridiques et dysfonctionnements institutionnels qui altèrent sa qualité, son effectivité et son efficacité. De la conception à l’application, la loi est en proie à de nombreux maux qui minent son essence et son existence. Son concept, littéralement élastique et normativement plastique, requiert une esthétique à l’aune de l’orthodoxie législative. Ses institutions, organiquement désaxées et mécaniquement désarçonnées, nécessitent une réforme profonde au gré de répartition principielle de la fonction législative. La problématique détermination juridique de la loi tend à entamer sa mise en œuvre effective et efficace, en pervertissant ses actes techniques de classification théorique et ses facteurs de bonne application pratique.
The visual resonances of a Harari Qur’ān: An 18th century Ethiopian manuscript and its Indian Ocean connections
Authors: Mirza Sana
Published: January 2018

Although not widely recognized as Harari, a Qur’ān manuscript in the Khalili Collection in London (QUR706) provides an opportunity to consider long-distance artistic circulations and encounters in the early modern Indian Ocean. Dated to 1162/1749, the Khalili Qur’ān can be linked with Mamluk and earlier Indian Qur’ān manuscripts through its illuminations and its use of biḥārī script, a type rarely seen outside of India. Later inscriptions in the Qur’ān record its eventual arrival in Zanzibar. The trans-regional visual resonances of the manuscript, and its later circulation, highlight the position not only of Harar as a regional artistic center within Ethiopia, but also that of the Horn of Africa within a broader Indian Ocean ecumene. Focusing on the Khalili Qur’ān, this essay will explore Harar’s nuanced engagement and selective participation in networks of artistic circulation and exchanges and their role in the formation of a Harari visual idiom within the burgeoning globalization of 18th-century Ethiopia.
Les nouveaux programmes de français au collège : réapprendre à lire ?
Authors: Guillaume Daniel
Published: January 2018

Á partir de l’analyse d’une séance consacrée en classe de Cinquième à l’adoubement de Perceval par Governal, et d’un état des lieux des difficultés rencontrées par le système scolaire pour relever le pari républicain de l’enseignement, l’article se propose de mettre au jour les objectifs principaux des nouveaux programmes, en termes de corpus et de méthodes, pour servir l’ambition d’une lecture existentielle des textes médiévaux. Il cherche à démontrer de la sorte la capacité intrinsèque de ces textes à la formation d’une lecture et de lecteurs véritables.
Affordable Access to Internet and ICT
Authors: Pancham Jay , Millham Richard
Published: January 2018

Telecentres were conceived and designed in order to provide internet access to designated disadvantaged groups that could not otherwise afford this access. In this chapter, the concept of telecentres, with its goal of affordable internet access for the community, is introduced. A few of the common challenges faced by telecentres and their evolving business models are discussed. The problem of monitoring, with its related aspect of affordability is discussed. In order to provide uniform data on usage and user profiles, a common set of data attributes for telecentre operational monitoring is obtained through a literature review of telecentre data collection projects and through interviews with local telecentre managers. Traditional monitoring methods for telecentres, such as through questionnaires, are evaluated as to the timeliness of their data and their associated cost which impact telecentre affordability. The common set of attributes form the basis of an electronic monitoring system with its advantages of continuous data collection and lower costs.
Scaling Mobile Technologies to Maximize Reach and Impact
Authors: Samarthya-Howard Ambika , Rogers Debbie
Published: January 2018

This chapter explores three existing financial approaches to scaling mobile technologies in low- and middle-income countries: user-paid services, reverse billing, and zero-rated platforms. As affordability is an impediment to internet access, key strategies focusing around the involvement of mobile network operators and governments are investigated in relation to sustainability, scale, reach, and impact for mobile technology projects in the world. Various examples under each type are explored as a starting point for understanding the risks and benefits of each approach. The chapter also discusses the importance of mobile initiatives in tackling social issues today.
Rule of Law, Governance, and Sustainable Development
Authors: Afolabi Olugbemiga Samuel , Amao-Kolawole Titilayo Grace , Shittu Afeez Kolawole , Oguntokun Olufunke Oluwanike
Published: January 2018

The chapter is predicated on the premise that strong adherence and commitment to the rule of law and good governance is essential for sustainable development. Using a holistic approach, the study established that Nigerian leaders have consistently disregarded the principles of rule of law and good governance, violating the ideal democratic values and institutions which undermine the country's sustainable development. Over long years of military rule, governance has been badly and negatively impacted because observance of rule of law and democratic tenets are not in consonance with military ethics and rule. Civilian regimes have not fared better. The process leading to non-sustainable development and underdevelopment are mostly accompanied by the subversion of due process, the manipulation of existing laws and regulations to suit parochial interests. The chapter concluded that for sustainable development to take effect, there is need for re-orientation of political leaders towards adherence to the principle of rule of law and good governance as the foundation for sustainable development in Nigeria.
Analysis of Shunt Active Power Filter Using Adaptive Blanket Body Cover Algorithm (ABBC) in Aircraft System
Authors: Khalid Saifullah
Published: January 2018

A novel adaptive blanket body cover algorithm (ABBC) has been presented, which has been used for the optimization of conventional control scheme used in shunt active power filter. The effectiveness of the proposed algorithm has been proven by applying this in aircraft system. The superiority of this algorithm over existing genetic algorithm results has been presented by analyzing the THD and compensation time of both the algorithms. The simulation results using the MATLAB model ratify that that algorithm has optimized the control technique, which unmistakably proves the usefulness of the proposed algorithm in 400 Hertz aircraft system.
Key Success Factors for Developing and Implementing a Workplace Skills Plan
Authors: Van der Westhuizen Thea , Shange Proctus Lucky
Published: January 2018

The aim of this chapter is to determine the key success factors for implementing a workplace skills plan (WSP). To obtain perspectives of department managers on the key success factors for implementation of a WSP in the Limpopo Department of Education, a quantitative research approach was used. A probability sample of 75 managers was selected. The sample was composed comprise 51% women and 49% men. Of the sample, 74% of the participating managers were members of the skills development committee. The study revealed various key success factors for WSP implementation that were determined by managers, which included aspects of information gathering to inform a WSP, aspects of skills auditing, aspects of compiling and submitting a WSP, aspects of implementing, monitoring, and evaluating a WSP, and aspects of reporting on an implemented WSP. The chapter provides insights for organisations in implementing a WSP according to the determined key success factors, identifies obstacles that may hinder the implementation, and recommends strategies that can be implemented.
Managerial Mindsets in the Academic World
Authors: Pulcini Gabriella Giulia , Polzonetti Valeria
Published: January 2018

Academic didactics has started implementing pedagogic strategies that overcome the traditional frontal lecture to reach a new aim: supporting the learning process. According to the leading connectivism principles, which are revolutionizing education, learning processes are a complex and dynamic concept. On one side, new technologies are promoted to support the learners' “cold” cognition. On the other, strategies boasting a “hot” cognition are acquiring more and more importance. The student-teacher relationship is facing change: teachers are required to consolidate their profession and tutor the learning process, regardless of the field of study. These new strategies, although carried out reluctantly, have been successfully implemented in some action research projects highlighting the learners' engagement on one side and the professors' hesitation on the other. This chapter explores this phenomenon.
The Involvement of the Patient and his Perspective Evaluation of the Quality of Healthcare
Authors: Rosiek-Kryszewska Aleksandra , Rosiek Anna
Published: January 2018

This chapter describes how the complexity of the process of satisfying health needs is in providing different type of services at the same time. It is associated with both the qualifications of the staff and the complexity of the procedures. High-quality healthcare is a priority, because it provides trust, safety and health of patients. Engaging a patient in assessing the quality of healthcare contributes to the change in the way people think about healthcare system. In the chapter, the authors point out the role of patient engagement in the quality assessment of healthcare. The quality of medical services is one of the fundamental problems of healthcare. Providing good quality services at the right price - this is the challenge healthcare institutions are facing to stay ahead of the increasingly competitive healthcare market. The hard market demands healthcare units pay attention to the quality of healthcare, seeing the patient's perspective, and gaining greater credibility in the healthcare market.
Social Capital and Subjective Quality of Life
Authors: Mularska-Kucharek Monika
Published: January 2018

This chapter describes how in recent decades, the concepts of social capital and quality of life have attracted the interest of both theoreticians and creators of social life. Both on the micro-, meso- and macrosocial levels, social capital has been viewed as one of the key elements of human well-being. Its positive influence on social well-being has been underlined by academics, practitioners of social life. In this chapter, the authors evaluate the relationship between social capital and the mental well-being of individuals. Through empirical analysis, the results of a representative research conducted among residents of one of the biggest Polish cities were examined. This concludes that social capital and social interaction are essential to the health of the individual.
Thinking Historically
Authors: Rose Amy D.
Published: January 2018

This chapter introduces readers to the multiple ways of perceiving historical research. It focuses on differing approaches to historical understanding and the ways that these methods shape the way we see the field. This chapter discusses archives, types of sources, and approaches to interpretation.
Creating a Typology of Organizational Culture Using Cluster Analysis
Authors: Munn Sunny L.
Published: January 2018

Grouping methodologies such as cluster analysis can be used to create typologies of organizational culture. An organization's culture is created by the beliefs, values, traditions, policies, and processes carried out by the organization. The focus of this chapter is to deconstruct the common methodology of cluster analysis used to identify typologies of organizational culture in two different studies, which set out to identify the impact of organizational culture on the use and existence of work-life benefits for individuals and organizations, respectively. The chapter discusses the cluster analysis methodology in detail as a means to understanding the place of organizational culture in work-life research. The theoretical contributions of using cluster analysis to create typologies of organizational culture and the implications for workforce research are discussed.
Born Global Market Dominators and Implications for the Blockchain Avantgarde
Authors: Wurster Simone , Böhmecke-Schwafert Moritz , Hofmann Frank , Blind Knut
Published: January 2018

Issues of dominance in the market place, “standards wars,” and “battles for dominance” between large companies are frequently addressed by researchers and the business press alike. The existence of companies that could establish internationally dominant solutions to customers' problems within a few years after their founding is quite unknown and the reasons for their success are hardly investigated so far. Therefore, they are not covered by traditional stage models for the establishment of dominant solutions. Presenting 22 cases and a new success factors model, this chapter shows how young companies can successfully establish their technologies as dominant solutions in the global market. Based on the studies' result, the authors then have a look at the groundbreaking IT invention of blockchain that is expected to disrupt many industries. The most prevalent success factors of the study are discussed along with the current blockchain innovation system. Their degree of significance for the success of international blockchain innovators is hypothesised for further empirical analyses.
Impact of Industry Conditions on Innovation
Authors: Ortt J. Roland , Egyedi Tineke Mirjam
Published: January 2018

This chapter underscores the importance of timing by focusing on the effect of pre-existing standards and regulations on the innovation and diffusion of new high-tech product innovations. The effect is assessed in terms of the time interval between the invention of a technological principle and the introduction of the first marketable product (development phase), and the successive time interval up to the start of large-scale industrial production and diffusion (adaptation phase). Fifty heterogeneous cases of new high-tech product innovations from 1850 onward are analysed. Results indicate that pre-existing standards and regulations significantly shorten the adaptation phase, an effect not found for the development phase. The shortening effect on the adaptation phase is particularly evident for more radical innovations and for innovations that are more interrelated with a larger technological system. This accelerating effect on the diffusion of innovations is highly relevant for innovation managers and policy makers alike.
A EROSÃO EM ESTRADAS NÃO PAVIMENTADAS NA BACIA DO RIO DO ATALHO EM CRUZ MACHADO – PR
Authors: Marinheski Vanderlei
Published: January 2018

O presente artigo teve como objetivo discorrer sobre os processos erosivos em estradas não pavimentadas, na Bacia hidrográfica do Rio do Atalho em Cruz Machado, no Paraná. A bacia tem relevo dissecado, com presença constante de blocos e matacões de rochas ígneas, com uso do solo feito pelo sistema de agricultura familiar de baixo nível tecnológico. Na metodologia foi utilizada pesquisa bibliográfica e trabalho de campo com a averiguação dos pontos impactados. Os resultados apontam que na maioria das estradas está ocorrendo perda acelerada de solo, acúmulo de materiais ao longo das vertentes (mata, pastagem e açudes), assoreamento do rio principal e incisões no relevo que prejudicam ou até mesmo inviabilizam o trafego. Desta forma, evidencia-se que a atual forma de construção e manutenção das estradas na bacia do rio do Atalho, apresenta impactos para o meio ambiente e que merecem atenção, visto que se trata de uma área com singularidades ambientais e agropecuárias análogas na região.
Detection of Experimental and Clinical Immune Complexes by Measuring SHIP-1 Recruitment to the Inhibitory FcγRIIB
Authors: Stopforth Richard J. , Oldham Robert J. , Tutt Alison L. , Duriez Patrick , Chan H. T. Claude , Binkowski Brock F. , Zimprich Chad , Li Dun , Hargreaves Philip G. , Cong Mei , Reddy Venkat , Leandro Maria J. , Cambridge Geraldine , Lux Anja , Nimmerjahn Falk , Cragg Mark S.
Published: January 2018

Fc γ receptors (FcγR) are involved in multiple aspects of immune cell regulation, are central to the success of mAb therapeutics, and underpin the pathology of several autoimmune diseases. However, reliable assays capable of accurately measuring FcγR interactions with their physiological ligands, IgG immune complexes (IC), are limited. A method to study and detect IC interactions with FcγRs was therefore developed. This method, designed to model the signaling pathway of the inhibitory FcγRIIB (CD32B), used NanoLuc Binary Interaction Technology to measure recruitment of the Src homology 2 domain–containing inositol phosphatase 1 to the ITIM of this receptor. Such recruitment required prior cross-linking of an ITAM-containing activatory receptor, and evoked luciferase activity in discrete clusters at the cell surface, recapitulating the known biology of CD32B signaling. The assay detected varying forms of experimental IC, including heat-aggregated IgG, rituximab–anti-idiotype complexes, and anti-trinitrophenol–trinitrophenol complexes in a sensitive manner (≤1 μg/ml), and discriminated between complexes of varying size and isotype. Proof-of-concept for the detection of circulating ICs in autoimmune disease was provided, as responses to sera from patients with systemic lupus erythematosus and rheumatoid arthritis were detected in small pilot studies. Finally, the method was translated to a stable cell line system. In conclusion, a rapid and robust method for the detection of IC was developed, which has numerous potential applications including the monitoring of IC in autoimmune diseases and the study of underlying FcγR biology.