bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Development of a question prompt list for Indian cancer patients receiving radiation therapy treatment and their primary family caregivers
Authors: Chawak Shweta , Chittem Mahati , Dhillon Haryana , Huligol Nagraj , Butow Phyllis
Published: January 2024

Aim

We aimed to develop two question prompt lists (QPLs), one for Indian cancer patients undergoing radiation therapy and the second for their primary family caregivers.

Methods

The study comprised three phases: (1) qualitative interviews with patients (n = 65) and PFCs (n = 39) to identify their information needs, queries and concerns regarding RT; (2) development of draft QPLs using conventional content analysis and translation into Hindi and Marathi using European Organisation Research and Treatment of Cancer guidelines; and, (3) A readability analysis, and acceptability study with patients (n = 22), PFCs (n = 26) and Radiation Oncology (RO) staff (n = 20) exploring barriers to QPL implementation.

Results and Discussion

Analysis in Phase I identified questions patients and PFCs asked or wanted to ask their physician. A list of 125 and 136 questions were generated for patients and PFCs, respectively. After five iterations, the draft QPLs were finalised, translated, and back‐translated from English into Hindi and Marathi (Phase II). In Phase III, most patients and PFCs reported the QPLs were easy to read, they did not find it difficult to ask the questions, and the questions were not emotionally upsetting. Conversely, RO staff reported concerns that patients may find it difficult to discuss the questions with their physician.

Conclusion

The study highlights the need to empower patients and PFCs to ask questions and for staff to feel comfortable answering them. Implementing physician‐endorsed QPLs could achieve these aims.
Inclusive education and school dropout of special needs students in Morocco: A spatial analysis
Authors: Ibourk Aomar , Raoui Soukaina
Published: January 2024

As a specific driver for the transformation of education systems in Morocco, inclusive education is a process that aims to reduce the exclusion of children with disabilities. Indeed, few studies have analysed the exclusion factors that cause children with disabilities not to pursue their education. Based on this, the present paper explores the spatial effect of factors related to accessibility and school supply. The database is from the latest national survey of the 2014 General Census of Population and Housing for the 75 provinces of Morocco. The designated age group is children aged 10–14 years. Exploratory spatial analysis has allowed us to map the hotspots of school dropout risk. The results of the spatial heterogeneity show a deficit in the distribution of accessibilities and the supply of paramedical services. From economic policy, we emphasise the need for spatial equity in the geographic distribution of inclusive education provision. The equitable distribution of psychological conditions for school retention is a straightforward factor in the success of the inclusive education model in Morocco.
Set‐membership estimation of switched LPV systems: Application to fault/disturbance estimation
Authors: Zhang Shuang , Puig Vicenç , Ifqir Sara
Published: January 2024

This paper proposes a set‐membership state estimation method for Switched Linear Parameter Varying (SLPV) systems subject to unknown but bounded parametric uncertainties, disturbances and noises. A zonotopic outer approximation of the state estimation domain is computed at every time iteration. The size of this zonotope is designed to be convergent and bounded by satisfying ‐radius‐based and Average Dwell Time (ADT) conditions that are formulated in the Linear Matrix Inequality (LMI) framework. An extension of the state estimation method is presented to address the fault/disturbance estimation problem for SLPV systems. By using the state augmentation technique, the fault/disturbance estimation problem is transformed into a state estimation problem of the generated augmented descriptor switched LPV system. An application to vehicle lateral dynamics fault estimation is used for assessment purposes. Simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm and highlight its advantages over the existing methods.
Design, Synthesis and Anticholinesterase Activity of Coumarin‐1,3,5‐triazine Derivatives
Authors: Zhang Xiao‐Qing , Wang Jing , Zou Jing‐Pei , Cao Yang , Xu Xu‐Hui , Ding Bo , Liu Wei‐Wei , Ma Shao‐Jie , Shi Da‐Hua
Published: January 2024

A series of coumarin‐1,3,5‐triazine derivatives were designed, synthesized and evaluated as acetylcholinesterase inhibitors. The structures of those compounds were characterized by IR, NMR, HRMS, HPLC, and X‐ray. The structures of those coumarin‐1,3,5‐triazine derivatives are the mixtures of two geometric isomers. The 1H‐NMR of compound 3 g without coumarin structure and its hydrochloride and single crystal structure of compound 3 g were studied to prove the coumarin‐1,3,5‐triazine derivatives are the mixtures of two geometric isomers. The acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase inhibitory activities of the synthesized compounds were determinated by Ellman's method. The results showed that all the compounds could inhibit acetylcholinesterase selectively. Among them, compound 3 b was found to have the strongest inhibitory effect on acetylcholinesterase with an IC50 value of 0.018 μM, which was closest to the IC50 of the positive control donepezil (IC50=0.016 μM). Enzyme kinetic studies indicate that this compound inhibited acetylcholinesterase with a mixed mode. Molecular docking, molecular dynamics simulation study and binding free energy calculation experiments demonstrated that compound 3 b could stably interact with key amino acids in the catalytically active site and the peripheral anion site of acetylcholinesterase. According to the results, compound 3 b demonstrates promising potential as acetylcholinesterase inhibitors for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease.
Water‐Promoted Synthesis of Pyrazole‐Thiazole‐Derivatives as Potent Antioxidants And their Anti‐cancer Activity: ADMET and SAR Studies
Authors: Kachhot Kanji D. , Vaghela Foram H. , Dhamal Chirag H. , Vegal Niyati K. , Bhatt Tejal D. , Joshi Hitendra S.
Published: January 2024

The hybridization of two drugs crizotinib and febuxostat was used for designing the molecules which were synthesized using the Hantzsch thiazole synthetic method. The reaction was improved using a variety of solvents. Nonetheless, the product was developed in aqueous conditions with a high yield (87 %). The explored approach has various benefits, including catalyst‐free synthesis, purification without column chromatography, and a greener solvent. The antioxidant potential was assessed by DPPH (1,1‐diphenyl‐2‐picrilhydrazyl) radical scavenging activity for compounds 7 a, 7 e, 7 g, 7 i, 7 j. The percentage of DPPH radical scavenging activity ranged from 20.674 to 59.083. The best antioxidant capacity was shown by 7 a (IC50=8.46); In addition, bioavailability was predicted for compound 7 a by in‐silico calculations of ADMET (absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity) and pharmacokinetic parameters. A total of 10 thiazole derivatives were synthesized and out of which 05 compounds were evaluated for their anti‐cancer activity against 60 distinct human tumor cell lines. Most of the synthesised compounds show moderate to good anti‐cancer activity.
Discriminative Chromogenic Detection of Fluoride and Cyanide Ions
Authors: Maurya Chandra Kant , Gupta Pradeep Kumar
Published: January 2024

A silylated chalcone based sensing probe was designed and synthesized for both simultaneous as well as discriminative detection of fluoride and cyanide ions. The probe showed chromogenic response after the addition of either fluoride or cyanide ion. However, addition of water caused discoloration of the probe solution in case of fluoride ion only while no such change was observed in case of cyanide ions. The probe was found to be selective for the colorimetric detection of F‐ and CN‐ions as it did not generate any chromogenic response in presence of other analyte. For fluoride ions, the detection limit of sensor was calculated to be 0.075 μM while in case of cyanide ions; the detection limit was determined to be 0.23 and 0.44 μM in absence and in presence of water respectively. Practical utility of the proposed method was also demonstrated by testing the real water samples.
Pillaring Electronic Nano‐Wires to Slice T‐Nb2O5 Laminated Particles for Durable Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Zheng Yongjian , Chen Keyi , Wang Lei , Chen Shuangqiang , Li Chilin
Published: January 2024

T‐Nb2O5 characterized by the pronounced intercalation pseudocapacitance effect, is regarded as a promising and alternative anode for fast‐charging Li‐ion batteries. However, its electrochemical kinetics are still hindered by the absence of sufficient and homogenous conductive wiring inside active microparticles. Herein, an in situ pillaring strategy of electronic nano‐wires is proposed to slice T‐Nb2O5 laminated particles for the development of durable and fast‐charging anodes for Li‐ion batteries. A micro‐level layered structure consisting of nano‐carbon‐inserted T‐Nb2O5 composite flakes is designed and enabled by successive ion exchange, slice exfoliation, in situ polymerization, and carbonization processes. The pillared carbon interlayer (derived from polyaniline) can serve as in‐built conductive wires to promote and homogenize electron transfer inside the micro‐level particles. The porous structure (formed by the self‐assembly of exfoliated flakes) contributes to the improved electrolyte immersion and enhanced lithium migration. Benefitting from the kinetically favorable effects, the modified T‐Nb2O5 anode achieves the high‐rate capability (108.4 mAh g−1 at 10 A g−1) and ultralong cycling durability (138 mAh g−1 at 1.0 A g−1 after 8000 cycles, with an average capacity decaying rate as small as 0.043‰). This work provides an effective strategy of electron wire pillaring with the slicing effect for laminated electrode materials with high tap density.
Self‐Assembled Preparation of Porous Nickel Phosphide Superparticles with Tunable Phase and Porosity for Efficient Hydrogen Evolution
Authors: Xu Wanjie , Chen Yuanzhi , Niederberger Markus , Tervoort Elena , Mei Jie , Peng Dong‐Liang
Published: January 2024

Self‐assembly of colloidal nanoparticles enables the easy building of assembly units into higher‐order structures and the bottom‐up preparation of functional materials. Nickel phosphides represent an important group of catalysts for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) from water splitting. In this paper, the preparation of porous nickel phosphide superparticles and their HER efficiencies are reported. Ni and Ni2P nanoparticles are self‐assembled into binary superparticles via an oil‐in‐water emulsion method. After annealing and acid etching, the as‐prepared Ni‐Ni2P binary superparticles change into porous nickel phosphide superparticles. The porosity and crystalline phase of the superparticles can be tuned by adjusting the ratio of Ni and Ni2P nanoparticles. The resulting porous superparticles are effective in driving HER under acidic conditions, and the modulation of porosity and phase further optimize the electrochemical performance. The prepared Ni3P porous superparticles not only possess a significantly enhanced specific surface area compared to solid Ni‐Ni2P superparticles but also exhibit an excellent HER efficiency. The calculations based on the density functional theories show that the (110) crystal facet exhibits a relatively lower Gibbs free energy of hydrogen adsorption. This work provides a self‐assembly approach for the construction of porous metal phosphide nanomaterials with tunable crystalline phase and porosity.
Knee function assessment of anterior cruciate ligament injury with a Kirigami buckling‐resistant stretchable sensor
Authors: Yang Xiaopeng , Zhang Menglun , Niu Pengfei , Guo Wenlan , Sun Chen , Pang Wei , Cui Guoqing , Liu Qiang
Published: January 2024

Continuous and quantitative monitoring of knee joint function has clinical value in rehabilitation assessment and the timing of return to play for anterior cruciate ligament injury patients. However, the existing approaches, including clinical examination, arthrometry and inertial solutions, can only be used for qualitative, off‐line and low‐quality evaluations, respectively. Burgeoning Kirigami stretchable sensors could be a disruptive candidate solution, but they usually suffer from structural buckling issues when used for large strain applications, such as knee joint motion capture where the buckling degrades sensor reliability and repeatability. Here, we propose a buckling‐resistant stretchable and wearable sensor for knee joint motion capture. It enables continuous and precise motion signal capture of the knee joint and provides high wearing comfort and reliability. Clinical tests were conducted on 30 patients in the field, tracking data provided by the sensor from their initial hospitalization to later surgery. And the full rehabilitation of one subject was recorded and analyzed. The test results show that our sensor can dynamically assess knee function in real time and recommend the best timing for return to play, which paves the way for personalized and telerehabilitation.
A Comparative Study of Ratcheting Fatigue Behavior of Modified 9Cr–1Mo Steel and Inconel 617 Alloy at Homologous Temperature of 0.42
Authors: Mishra Prerna , Srinivas Nallan Chakravartula Santhi , Singh Vakil
Published: January 2024

The modified 9Cr–1Mo steel and Inconel (IN) 617 superalloy are high‐temperature alloys of prime importance in several industrial applications. Both of these are used at elevated temperature for various piping and tubing components and undergo asymmetric cyclic loading; therefore, it is highly essential to assess their resistance to accumulation of inelastic strain (ratcheting) under asymmetric stress cycling. In this study, ratcheting behavior of these alloys is compared at the homologous temperature of 0.42, under uniaxial asymmetric stress loading with positive mean stress. Deformation behavior of the tested samples is analyzed by transmission electron microscope. While there is homogeneous deformation in the modified 9Cr–1Mo steel, there is intersection of slip bands and presence of dislocation tangles in the IN 617 alloy. Fracture surface of the modified 9Cr–1Mo steel, tested under asymmetric cyclic loading, reveals typical ductile fracture resulting from tensile loading, whereas there is characteristic fatigue fracture of the IN 617 alloy.
Arsenic removal adsorbent using limonite–polyethersulfone composite fiber via continuous flow column process
Authors: Le Thi Anh Phuong , Zhe Li , Kobayashi Takaomi
Published: January 2024

This research introduces an enhanced limonite‐based composite fiber adsorbent for arsenic (As) removal. The modification involves creating polyethersulfone (PES)–limonite composite fibers loaded with 60 wt% limonite powders, designed to be applicable in water flow environments. The fibers were prepared using a wet‐spinning process based on phase inversion, with varying concentrations (10, 20, and 30 wt%) of PES in NMP solution. The composite fiber with 10 wt% NMP exhibited a porous structure and demonstrated efficient absorption of both As(III) and As(V). Adsorption followed the Langmuir model, with qm values of 1.5 mg/g for As(III) and 3.2 mg/g for As(V) at pH 6. In column experiments, As removal rates increased with contact time, attributed to decreased flow rates (1 mL/min). Moreover, increasing fiber column height led to enhanced removal rates, as indicated by the Adams–Bohart model. The mechanism for As(V) removal involved the formation of an inner‐sphere complex through ion exchange between α‐FeOOH and HAsO4− and H2AsO42− in an aqueous solution at pH 6.8.

Practitioner Points

Changing the polyethersulfone ratio in the composite leads to variations in the appearance of limonite within each composite fiber.

Limonite composite fibers effectively remove As(III) and As(V) at neutral pH.

The adsorption behavior follows Langmuir kinetic model, the qm of 1.5 mg/g for As(III) and 3.2 mg/g for As(V).

Longer columns and contact times enhance arsenic (As) removal in practical water treatment systems.

Adam–Bohart model aids in predicting breakthrough and saturation time in As adsorption column design.
Addiction Disorders
Authors: Krüger Reinhard T.
Published: January 2024

The core problem of addicts is addiction and not the other mental disorders that may be present. This is because the addictive thinking, feeling and acting is the dominant defense that blocks success in therapy. The therapist and the patient therefore externally symbolize with chairs 1. The patient’s healthy adult thinking, 2. His self-protection through his addictive thinking and feeling, and 3. His symptoms in everyday life. They develop further his addictive thinking and feeling in the as-if mode of play and paradoxically work out the positive meaning of this defense within the framework of his self-regulation. The patient’s self-development initially should take place in the symptom production. This is because metacognitive confusion prevents patients with addiction from adequately processing deeper conflicts. The patient should first gain ego control over his addictive self-regulation. This disorder-specific approach is indicated for harmful use or dependence on alcohol or drugs, and also for non-substance-related addictions such as eating disorders, internet addiction, sex addiction, and other addictions. It makes the experiences of Alcoholics Anonymous fruitful in digested form for depth psychological, behavioral, and systemic therapy.
Holographic renormalized entanglement and entropic c-function
Authors: Fujita Mitsutoshi , He Song , Sun Yuan , Zhang Jun
Published: January 2024

Abstract

We compute holographic entanglement entropy (EE) and the renormalized EE in AdS solitons with gauge potential for various dimensions. The renormalized EE is a cutoff-independent universal component of EE. Via Kaluza-Klein compactification of S1 and considering the low-energy regime, we deduce the (d − 1)-dimensional renormalized EE from the odd-dimensional counterpart. This corresponds to the shrinking circle of AdS solitons, probed at large l. The minimal surface transitions from disk to cylinder dominance as l increases. The quantum phase transition occurs at a critical subregion size, with renormalized EE showing non-monotonic behavior around this size. Across dimensions, massive modes decouple at lower energy, while degrees of freedom with Wilson lines contribute at smaller energy scales.
Dualities from Swampland principles
Authors: Bedroya Alek , Hamada Yuta
Published: January 2024

Abstract

We initiate the program of bottom-up derivation of string theory dualities using Swampland principles. In particular, we clarify the relation between Swampland arguments and all the string theory dualities in d ≥ 9 dimensional supersymmetric theories. Our arguments center around the sharpened distance conjecture and rely on various other Swampland principles.
Foam fractionation Tags (F-Tags) enabling surfactant-free, activity-preserving recovery of enzymes
Authors: Krause Thomas , Keshavarzi Behnam , Heitkam Sascha , Ansorge-Schumacher Marion B.
Published: January 2024

Enzymes have become important tools in many industries. However, the full exploitation of their potential is currently limited by a lack of efficient and cost-effective methods for enzyme purification from microbial production. One technology that could solve this problem is foam fractionation. In this study, we show that diverse natural foam-stabilizing proteins fused as F-Tags to β-lactamase, penicillin G acylase, and formate dehydrogenase, respectively, are able to mediate foaming and recovery of the enzymes by foam fractionation. The catalytic activity of all three candidates is largely preserved. Under appropriate fractionation conditions, especially when a wash buffer is used, some F-Tags also allow nearly complete separation of the target enzyme from a contaminating protein. We found that a larger distance between the F-Tag and the target enzyme has a positive effect on the maintenance of catalytic activity. However, we did not identify any particular sequence motifs or physical parameters that influenced performance as an F-tag. The best results were obtained with a short helical F-Tag, which was originally intended to serve only as a linker sequence. The findings of the study suggest that the development of molecular tags that enable the establishment of surfactant-free foam fractionation for enzyme workup is a promising method.

Key points

• Foam-stabilizing proteins mediate activity-preserving foam fractionation of enzymes

• Performance as an F-Tag is not restricted to particular structural motifs

• Separation from untagged protein benefits from low foam stability and foam washings

Graphical Abstract
Recent advances in molecular profiling of bone and soft tissue tumors
Authors: Baumhoer D. , Hench J. , Amary F.
Published: January 2024

The molecular characterization of soft tissue and bone tumors is a rapidly evolving field that has changed the perspective of how these tumors are diagnosed today. Morphology and clinico-radiological context still represent the cornerstone of diagnostic considerations but are increasingly complemented by molecular data that aid in objectifying and confirming the classification. The spectrum of analyses comprises mutation or gene fusion specific immunohistochemical antibodies, fluorescence in situ hybridization, DNA and RNA sequencing as well as CpG methylation profiling. This article provides an overview of which tools are presently available to characterize bone and soft tissue neoplasms molecularly, what limitations should be considered, and what conclusions can be drawn from the individual findings.
Multidisciplinary rehabilitation with a focus on physiotherapy in patients with Post Covid19 condition: an observational pilot study
Authors: Weigl Martin , Beeck Saskia , Kraft Eduard , Stubbe Hans Christian , Adorjan Kristina , Ruzicka Michael , Lemhöfer Christina
Published: January 2024

There is a lack of interventions that treat the Post-Covid-19 Condition (PCC) itself. Accordingly, treatment guidelines recommend physiotherapy interventions to alleviate symptoms and enhance functioning. In cases where unimodal treatments prove ineffective, non-organ-specific multidisciplinary bio-psycho-social rehabilitation (MBR) programs are a suitable option. In a pilot observational study with assessments at the entry and end of treatment we aimed to evaluate the feasibility of a 3-week day clinic MBR program and explore its effects on physical functioning in PCC patients with fatigue and reduced physical capacity. Patient selection was based on an interdisciplinary assessment involving a physician, a psychologist and a physiotherapist. Feasibility was determined based on full participation (≥ 8 of 9 days) and maintenance of stable endurance in the 6-Minute Walk Test (6MWT). From 37 patients included in the study, 33 completed the MBR (mean age: 43 ± 12 years, 73% female). Four patients discontinued the MBR, with two of them having reported deterioration of PCC symptoms. The 6MWT showed a numerical improvement from 501 ± 97 m to 512 ± 87 m, although it did not reach statistical significance. These results support the feasibility of outpatient MBR with a focus on active physiotherapy interventions in PCC patients with fatigue. This study aligns with previous research supporting the effectiveness of physiotherapy and rehabilitation in PCC patients. However, further research is needed to address possible different treatment responses and varying treatment approaches in subgroups of PCC patients.
Morphine concentrations in fatalities after palliative treatment of acute burn injury
Authors: Bickel Julian , Aboutara Nadine , Jungen Hilke , Szewczyk Anne , Müller Alexander , Ondruschka Benjamin , Iwersen-Bergmann Stefanie
Published: January 2024

The evaluation of a morphine concentration in postmortem blood is routine for a forensic toxicologist. We here report three fatal cases where we found high morphine concentrations with 7.96, 4.30, and 5.82 mg/l in femoral blood that have to be estimated as unusually high. All these individuals died due to severe burn injuries and obtained morphine in the context of their palliative care in the last hours of their lives. According to the autopsy results, the cause of death in case 1 was burn disease with burns of about 90% of the body surface area (BSA), case 2 burn trauma, and case 3 burn shock. Besides morphine, propofol, fentanyl, sufentanil, midazolam, diazepam, lorazepam, cefazolin, and rocuronium were detected in femoral blood. The findings fitted well with the detailed clinical documentation. Further evidence of therapeutic concentrations of quetiapine, duloxetine, and melperone could be matched to preexisting medication of the individuals. Physiologically based pharmacokinetic modelling (PBPK) was applied, developed for the intravenous administration of morphine, to find an explanation for the high morphine concentrations in femoral blood. Quantification of morphine in body fluids and tissue was performed to calculate morphine tissue concentration ratios to the morphine concentration in femoral blood. The presented cases show that pharmacokinetic simulations can reflect decreased renal clearance and decreased hepatic metabolism in general. However, this prediction is not sufficient to explain the high morphine concentrations in femoral blood measured here. It can be assumed that burn shock in particular leads to altered pharmacokinetics, namely decreased distribution of morphine.
Impact of CT-measured sarcopenic obesity on postoperative outcomes following colon cancer surgery
Authors: Bajawi Mariam , Corral Sara , Blázquez Javier , Die Javier , Muñoz Paula , Barranquero Alberto G. , Juez Luz , Nisa Francisca García-Moreno
Published: January 2024

Objective

This study aimed to investigate the influence of sarcopenic obesity on anastomotic leak following elective colon resection for non-metastatic colon cancer. Secondary outcomes included overall morbidity, mortality and length of hospital stay.

Methods

This retrospective observational study, conducted at a colorectal surgery referral centre, spanned from January 1, 2015, to January 1, 2020. A total of 544 consecutive patients who underwent elective colon resection were included in the analysis, excluding patients with rectal cancer, urgent surgery, absence of anastomosis, lack of imaging, multivisceral resections and synchronic tumours.

Results

Postoperative complications were observed in 177 (32.3%) patients, with 51 (9.31%) classified as severe (Clavien-Dindo > II). Sarcopenic obesity was identified in 9.39% of the sample and emerged as an independent predictor of increased overall morbidity [OR 2.15 (1.14–3.69); p = 0.016] and 30-day mortality [OR 5.07 (1.22–20.93); p = 0.03] and was significantly associated with the development of anastomotic leak [OR 2.95 (1.41–6.18); p = 0.007]. Furthermore, it increased the risk of reoperation and was linked to a prolonged length of hospital stay.

Conclusions

CT-measured sarcopenic obesity demonstrates a discernible correlation with an elevated risk of postoperative morbidity and mortality in the context of colon cancer surgery.
The renin angiotensin aldosterone system
Authors: Triebel Hannah , Castrop Hayo
Published: January 2024

In this review, we will cover (i) the proteolytic cascade of the RAAS, (ii) its regulation by multiple feedback-controlled parameters, and (iii) the major effects of the RAAS. For the effects of the RAAS, we focus on the role of the RAAS in the regulation of volume homeostasis and vascular tone, as major determinants of arterial blood pressure.
A systematic review and meta-regression on international trends in the incidence of ulcerative colitis in children and adolescents associated with socioeconomic and geographic factors
Authors: Weidner Jens , Kern Ivana , Reinecke Ines , Bathelt Franziska , Manuwald Ulf , Henke Elisa , Zoch Michele , Rothe Ulrike , Kugler Joachim
Published: January 2024

The incidence of ulcerative colitis (UC) among children and adolescents is rising globally, albeit with notable discrepancies across countries. This systematic review and meta-analysis aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the incidence rates of pediatric UC in various countries and explore potential influencing factors. A systematic literature search was conducted in PubMed and EMBASE (via OVID) for studies published between January 1, 1970, and December 31, 2019. Additionally, a manual search was performed to identify relevant systematic reviews. Meta-analyses and meta-regressions were employed to determine the overall incidence rate and examine potential factors that may influence it. A total of 66 studies were included in the qualitative analysis, while 65 studies were included in the meta-analysis and 50 studies were meta-regression. The study reports a rising incidence of pediatric UC in several countries but significant differences across geographic regions, with no discernible global temporal trend. In addition, our meta-regression analysis showed that geographic location and socioeconomic factors significantly influenced the incidence of UC.

Conclusion: Our findings indicate a rising incidence of pediatric UC in numerous countries since 1970, but with significant geographical variation, potentially presenting challenges for respective healthcare systems. We have identified geographic and socioeconomic factors that contribute to the observed heterogeneity in incidence rates. These findings provide a foundation for future research and health policies, aiming to tackle the growing burden of UC among children and adolescents.

What is Known:• The incidence of ulcerative colitis in childhood and adolescence appears to be increasing worldwide and varies internationally.• Environmental and lifestyle factors are suspected as potential causes.

What is New:• Our results highlight that the heterogeneity in incidence rates can be attributed to geographic and socio-economic factors.
Non-photochemical quenching may contribute to the dominance of the pale mat-forming lichen Cladonia stellaris over the sympatric melanic Cetraria islandica
Authors: Solhaug Knut Asbjørn , Eiterjord Gaute , Løken Martine Hana , Gauslaa Yngvar
Published: January 2024

The mat-forming fruticose lichensCladonia stellarisandCetraria islandicafrequently co-occur on soils in sun-exposed boreal, subarctic, and alpine ecosystems. While the dominant reindeer lichenCladonialacks a cortex but produces the light-reflecting pale pigment usnic acid on its surface, the common but patchierCetrariahas a firm cortex sealed by the light-absorbing pigment melanin. By measuring reflectance spectra, high-light tolerance, photosynthetic responses, and chlorophyll fluorescence in sympatric populations of these lichens differing in fungal pigments, we aimed to study how they cope with high light while hydrated. Specimens of the two species tolerated high light equally well but with different protective mechanisms. The mycobiont of the melanic species efficiently absorbed excess light, consistent with a lower need for its photobiont to protect itself by non-photochemical quenching (NPQ). By contrast, usnic acid screened light at 450–700 nm by reflectance and absorbed shorter wavelengths. The ecorticate usnic species with less efficient fungal light screening exhibited a consistently lower light compensation point and higher CO2uptake rates than the melanic lichen. In both species, steady state NPQ rapidly increased at increasing light with no signs of light saturation. To compensate for less internal shading causing light fluctuations with a larger amplitude, the usnic lichen photobiont adjusted to changing light by faster induction and faster relaxation of NPQ rapidly transforming excess excitation energy to less damaging heat. The high and flexible NPQ tracking fluctuations in solar radiation probably contributes to the strong dominance of the usnic mat-formingCladoniain open lichen-dominated heaths.
Diagnostic value of cervical spine ZOOM-DWI in cervical spondylotic myelopathy
Authors: Li Jia , Tian Xiao-Nan , Zhao Bao-Gen , Wang Ning , Zhang Yu-Jin , Zhang Li
Published: January 2024

Purpose

To investigate the clinical application value of the non-shared incentive diffusion imaging technique (ZOOM-DWI) diagnoses of cervical spondylotic myelopathy (CSM).

Methods

49 CSM patients who presented from January 2022 to December 2022 were selected as the patient group, and 50 healthy volunteers are recruited as the control group. All subjects underwent conventional MRI and ZOOM-DWI of the cervical spine and neurologic mJOA scores in patients with CSM. The spinal ADC values of segments C2-3, C4-5, C5-6, and C6-7 are measured and analyzed in all subjects, with C5-6 being the most severe level of spinal canal compression in the patient group. In addition, the study also analyzes and compares the relationship between the C5-6 ADC value and mJOA score in the patient group.

Results

The mean ADC shows no significantly different levels in the control group. Among the ADC values at each measurement level in the patient group, except for C4-5 and C6-7 segments are not statistically significant, the remaining pair-wise comparisons all show statistically significant differences (F = 24.368, p < 0.001). And these individuals have the highest ADC value at C5-6. The C5-6 ADC value in the patient group is significantly higher compared with the ADC value in the control group (t = 9.414, p < 0.001), with statistical significance. The ADC value at the patient stenosis shows a significant negative correlation with the mJOA score (r = −0.493, p < 0.001).

Conclusion

Cervical ZOOM-DWI can be applied to diagnose CSM, and spinal ADC value can use as reliable imaging data for diagnosing cervical myelopathy.
Interdental papilla reconstruction: a systematic review
Authors: Patel Monal , Guni Alaa , Nibali Luigi , Garcia-Sanchez Ruben
Published: January 2024

Objectives

To assess treatment options for the reconstruction of the lost interdental papilla and to evaluate evidence for their efficacy.

Methods

An electronic search (Medline, Embase and the Cochrane Library Database and OpenGray) and a hand search were carried out to identify all types of studies investigating interdental papilla reconstruction (except for reviews) with a minimum of 3 months follow-up.

Results

Forty-five studies were included in the study including 7 RCTs, 2 cohort studies, 19 case series and 17 case reports. Fifteen studies reported on the use of hyaluronic acid, 6 studies on platelet-rich fibrin, 16 studies on soft tissue grafting, 4 studies on orthodontics and 4 on additional modalities. The most common outcome measures were black triangle dimensions and papillary fill percentage. Meta-analysis was not possible due to the high heterogeneity of the studies.

Conclusion

There are various options for interdental papilla reconstruction of which hyaluronic acid injections, PRF, surgical grafting and orthodontics seem to improve outcomes at a minimum 3 months. The use of soft tissue grafting with sub-epithelial connective tissue graft seems to be associated with the most robust evidence for the longer-term reduction of ‘black triangles’. There is insufficient evidence to make recommendations to clinicians. Further research is needed in the form of well conducted RCTs with longer follow ups and patient reported outcome measures.

Clinical relevance

Patients frequently complain about the appearance of black triangles and their management options seem unclear. This systematic review provides insight into the available reconstructive options.
The Systemic Immune-Inflammation Index (SII) and coronary artery lesions in Kawasaki disease
Authors: Huang Tiantuo , Peng Qi , Zhang Yiyue , Zhu Zaifu , Fan Xiaochen
Published: January 2024

Coronary artery lesions (CALs) are the most common complications of Kawasaki disease (KD) and play a crucial role in determining the prognosis of the disease. Consequently, the early identification of children with KD who are at risk of developing coronary artery damage is vitally important. We sought to investigate the relationship between the Systemic Immune-Inflammation Index (SII) and CALs in patients with KD and to assess its predictive value. We carried out a retrospective review and analysis of medical records for KD patients treated at the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University between January 2017 and January 2023. We utilized single-variable tests, binary logistic regression analysis, ROC curve analysis, restricted cubic spline tests, and curve fitting to evaluate the association between SII and CALs. In our study, 364 patients were included, with 63 (17.3%) presenting with CALs at the time of admission. The binary logistic regression analysis indicated that SII was a significant risk factor for CALs at admission, evident in both unadjusted and models adjusted for confounders. The ROC curve analysis revealed an AUC (Area Under the Curve) value of 0.789 (95%CI 0.723–0.855, P < 0.001) for SII's predictive ability regarding CALs at admission. A consistent positive linear relationship between SII and the risk of CALs at admission was observed in both the raw and adjusted models. Our research findings suggest that SII serves as a risk factor for CALs and can be used as an auxiliary laboratory biomarker for predicting CALs.
Seeing number relations when solving a three-digit subtraction task
Authors: Kullberg Angelika , Björklund Camilla , Runesson Kempe Ulla
Published: January 2024

The decomposition of numbers when solving subtraction tasks is regarded as more powerful than counting-based strategies. Still, many students fail to solve subtraction tasks despite using decomposition. To shed light upon this issue, we take a variation theoretical perspective (Marton, 2015) seeing learning as a function of discerning critical aspects and their relations of the object of learning. In this paper, we focus on what number relations students see in a three-digit subtraction task, and how they see them. We analyzed interview data from 55 second-grade students who used decomposition strategies to solve 204 − 193 = . The variation theory of learning was used to analyze what number relations the students experienced and how they experienced them, aiming to explain why they made errors even though they used presumably powerful strategies in their problem-solving. The findings show that students who simultaneously experienced within-number relations and between-number relations when solving the task succeeded in solving it, whereas those who did not do this failed. These findings have importance for understanding what students need to discern in order to be able to solve subtraction tasks in a proficient way.
Socialization via Online Gaming: Perspectives of Five Autistic Adolescents and Their Parents
Authors: Hughes Caitlin N. , Nguyen Lan
Published: January 2024

This study investigated whether autistic adolescents are socially motivated to play Massive Multiplayer Online Role-Playing Games (MMORPGs) and sought to explore whether parents’ perceptions of MMORPGs and the closeness of the parent-child relationships’ impact upon gaming habits. In a qualitative-based study, we explored the perspectives of five pairs of autistic adolescents and one of their parents. The themes identified through adolescent interviews indicated that autistic adolescents who play MMORPGs perceive that in-game socializing enhances their gaming experience which motivates them to socialize with other players and facilitates development of friendships. The themes derived from interviewing parents indicated that parents perceive social benefits to playing MMORPGs for their child, but there are factors that impact their support of socializing via gaming such as their own game use, attitudes towards socializing via games, and the amount of time their child spends gaming. This study’s findings suggest that playing MMORPGs can potentially enhance quality-of-life for autistic adolescents through increased socialization and friendships and highlights the importance of the parent-child relationship and how this supports autistic adolescents to develop socially. However, as there were no parent-child pairs reporting low closeness, the transferability of these findings may be limited to parent-child pairs with close relationships. This research indicates that parents who play games alongside their autistic child are more likely to be more understanding of, and acknowledge, the social benefits of gaming in helping their child develop socially. These findings have implications for the development of cost-efficient, accessible interventions to facilitate socialization.
Recrystallization of bulk nanostructured magnesium alloy AZ31 after severe plastic deformation: an in situ diffraction study
Authors: Liss Klaus-Dieter , Han Jae-Kyung , Blankenburg Malte , Lienert Ulrich , Harjo Stefanus , Kawasaki Takuro , Xu Pingguang , Yukutake Eitaro , Kawasaki Megumi
Published: January 2024

The magnesium alloy AZ31, which has undergone high-pressure torsion processing, was subjected to in situ annealing microbeam synchrotron high-energy X-ray diffraction and compared to the as-received rolled sheet material that was investigated through in situ neutron diffraction. While the latter only exhibits thermal expansion and minor recovery, the nanostructured specimen displays a complex evolution, including recovery, strong recrystallization, phase transformations, and various regimes of grain growth. Nanometer-scale grain sizes, determined using Williamson–Hall analysis, exhibit seamless growth, aligning with the transition to larger grains, as assessed through the occupancy of single-grain reflections on the diffraction rings. The study uncovers strain anomalies resulting from thermal expansion, segregation of Al atoms, and the kinetics of vacancy creation and annihilation. Notably, a substantial number of excess vacancies were generated through high-pressure torsion and maintained for driving the recrystallization and forming highly activated volumes for diffusion and phase precipitation during heating. The unsystematic scatter observed in the Williamson–Hall plot indicates high dislocation densities following severe plastic deformation, which significantly decrease during recrystallization. Subsequently, dislocations reappear during grain growth, likely in response to torque gradients in larger grains. It is worth noting that the characteristics of unsystematic scatter differ for dislocations created at high and low temperatures, underscoring the strong temperature dependence of slip system activation.

Graphical Abstract
The Inborn Errors of Immunity—Virtual Consultation System Platform in Service for the Italian Primary Immunodeficiency Network: Results from the Validation Phase
Authors: Coppola Emma , Sgrulletti Mayla , Cortesi Manuela , Romano Roberta , Cirillo Emilia , Giardino Giuliana , Dotta Laura , Cancrini Caterina , Bruzzese Dario , Badolato Raffaele , Moschese Viviana , Pignata Claudio ,   in collaboration with IEI-VCS Task Force, Alessandro Aiuti , Amodio Donato , Azzari Chiara , Canessa Clementina , Caorsi Roberta , Castagnoli Riccardo , Cicalese Maria Pia , Conti Francesca , Consolini Rita , Dellepiane Rosa Maria , Finocchi Andrea , Gallo Vera , Gattorno Marco , Graziani Simona , Lippi Francesca , Lougaris Vassilios , Martire Baldassarre , Matucci Andrea , Marzollo Antonio , Milito Cinzia , Montin Davide , Ottaviano Giorgio , Palma Paolo , Patuzzo Giuseppe , Pession Andrea , Pietrogrande Maria Cristina , Plebani Alessandro , Quinti Isabella , Ricci Silvia , Saettini Francesco , Soresina Annarosa , Spadaro Giuseppe , Tommasini Alberto , Trizzino Nino , Volpi Stefano , Vultaggio Alessandra , Zunica Fiammetta
Published: January 2024

Purpose

Inborn errors of immunity (IEI) represent a heterogeneous group of rare genetically determined diseases. In some cases, patients present with complex or atypical phenotypes, not fulfilling the accepted diagnostic criteria for IEI and, thus, at high risk of misdiagnosis or diagnostic delay. This study aimed to validate a platform that, through the opinion of immunologist experts, improves the diagnostic process and the level of care of patients with atypical/complex IEI.

Methods

Here, we describe the functioning of the IEI-Virtual Consultation System (VCS), an innovative platform created by the Italian Immunodeficiency Network (IPINet).

Results

In the validation phase, from January 2020 to June 2021, 68 cases were entered on the IEI-VCS platform. A final diagnosis was achieved in 35/68 cases (51%, 95% CI 38.7 to 64.2). In 22 out of 35 solved cases, the diagnosis was confirmed by genetic analysis. In 3/35 cases, a diagnosis of secondary immunodeficiency was made. In the remaining 10 cases, an unequivocal clinical and immunological diagnosis was obtained, even though not substantiated by genetic analysis.

Conclusion

From our preliminary study, the VCS represents an innovative and useful system to improve the diagnostic process of patients with complex unsolved IEI disorders, with benefits both in terms of reduction of time of diagnosis and access to the required therapies. These results may help the functioning of other international platforms for the management of complex cases.
Fine mapping of the panicle length QTL qPL5 in rice
Authors: Wang Pengfei , Ma Ling , Li Daoyang , Zhang Bo , Zhou Tianhao , Zhou Xiangchun , Xing Yongzhong
Published: January 2024

Panicle length is a crucial trait tightly associated with spikelets per panicle and grain yield in rice. To dissect the genetic basis of panicle length, a population of 161 recombinant inbred lines (RILs) was developed from the cross between an aus variety Chuan 7 (C7) and a tropical Geng variety Haoboka (HBK). C7 has a panicle length of 30 cm, 7 cm longer than that of HBK, and the panicle length was normally distributed in the RIL population. A total of six quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for panicle length were identified, and single QTLs explained the phenotypic variance from 4.9 to 18.1%. Among them, three QTLs were mapped to the regions harbored sd1, DLT, and Ehd1, respectively. To validate the genetic effect of a minor QTL qPL5, a near-isogenic F2 (NIF2) population segregated at qPL5 was developed. Interestingly, panicle length displayed bimodal distribution, and heading date also exhibited significant variation in the NIF2 population. qPL5 accounted for 66.5% of the panicle length variance. The C7 allele at qPL5 increased panicle length by 2.4 cm and promoted heading date by 5 days. Finally, qPL5 was narrowed down to an 80-kb region flanked by markers M2197 and M2205 using a large NIF2 population of 7600 plants. LOC_Os05g37540, encoding a phytochrome signal protein whose homolog in Arabidopsis enlarges panicle length, is regarded as the candidate gene because a single-nucleotide mutation (C1099T) caused a premature stop codon in HBK. The characterization of qPL5 with enlarging panicle length but promoting heading date makes its great value in breeding early mature varieties without yield penalty in rice.