bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Benzylidenehydrazine Derivatives: Synthesis, Antidiabetic Evaluation, Antioxidation, Mode of Inhibition, DFT and Molecular Docking Studies
Authors: Seboletswe Pule , Kumar Gobind , Gcabashe Nontobeko , Olofinsan Kolawole , Islam Shahidul , Idris ALmahi , Singh Parvesh
Published: November 2024

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic condition that is a profound health concern across the globe due to its contribution to the increased mortality rate. It affects millions of people around the world and is associated with severe complications among people diagnosed with it. Among the array of approaches used for the management of DM, inhibition of enzymes viz. α‐amylase and α‐glucosidase which are responsible for sugars hydrolysis is regarded as a feasible therapeutic protocol for the management of DM. Herein, we report the synthesis of benzylidenehydrazine derivatives as well as their evaluation as α‐glucosidase and α‐amylase inhibitors including their antioxidant testing. Generally, all the synthesized derivatives were more potent inhibitors of α‐amylase than of α‐glucosidase. Specifically, 2,4 fluoro substituted analogue 9 (IC50 =116.19 μM) emerged as the strongest α‐amylase inhibitor with ~5‐fold superior activity in comparison to the standard drug, acarbose (IC50 =600 μM). Compounds 18 (IC50 =240.59) and 19 (IC50 =198.32 μM) displayed the strongest NO scavenging activity compared to Trolox (IC50 =272.36 μM). In addition, the enzyme kinetic studies indicated that compound 9 acts as a non‐competitive inhibitor of α‐amylase. Finally, density functional theory and molecular docking studies for compound 9 were conducted to explore its structural and electronic properties as well as to determine protein‐ligand interactions, respectively to decipher its observed activity. The obtained findings present promising possibilities for developing new drug candidates to control postprandial glucose levels in persons with diabetes.
Cinnamaldehyde as a Potential Cathepsin‐B Inhibitor: A Comparative Investigation with some Commercial Anticancer Drugs
Authors: Vashisth Chanchal , Kumar Verma Nitin , Afshari Mozhgan , Bendi Anjaneyulu , Raghav Neera
Published: November 2024

Cancer is a leading cause of death worldwide, surpassed only by heart disease. Despite improved diagnosis and treatment, cancer cells still evade normal physiological processes such as apoptosis, metabolism, angiogenesis, cell cycle, and epigenetics. To mitigate the numerous side effects linked to chemotherapy, leveraging natural products emerged as a promising alternative, either alone or in tandem with traditional agents. Cinnamaldehyde, an active ingredient of Cinnamomum cassia's stem bark has emerged as a molecule of research with diverse pharmacological properties. In the present study, we report an in silico potential of cinnamaldehyde (CM) potential as an anticancer agent across thirteen anti‐cancer targets in comparison with chlorambucil (CB), docetaxel (DOC), melphalan (MP). Computational tools such as DFT, CHEM3D, molinspiration, vNNADMET, SWISS ADME, admetSAR, galaxyrefine, iGEMDOCK, and DS‐Visualizer were employed. Additionally, anti‐cathepsin B activity was assessed for cinnamaldehyde and the commercial drugs CB, DOC, MP and the results showed 52.76, 62.41, 72.48 and 65.52 % inhibition respectively which is comparable. The results supported molecular docking using iGEMDOCK. Both in silico and experimental findings substantiate cinnamaldehyde as a promising drug for cancer treatment including metastasis and invasion where cathepsin B involvement is indicated.
Tannin Acid/Fe3+ Composite Film Filled with Essential Oil Extracted from Melaleuca bracteata F. Muell Leaves for the Preservation of Mango
Authors: Zhang Xiaonan , Zhuang Xiaocheng , Chen Manxin , Wang Jingrong , Liu Zhuoyu , Qiu Daxiong , Wang Jinna , Huang Yan , Li Weina , Liu Zhiwei
Published: November 2024

Tannic acid and Fe3+ were used in this study to create a polyphenol–metal network‐based composite film for the preservation of Melaleuca bracteata essential oils. The inhibition rate of ABTS and DPPH free radicals reached more than 90 % at an essential oil concentration of 20 mg/mL. Additive quantities of 2.0 % essential oil nano‐emulsion, 0.8 % tannic acid/Fe3+ solution, 0.4 % microcrystalline cellulose, and 1 % chitosan were used to maximize the characteristics of the composite films. When combined with FTIR analysis, X‐ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy revealed that the composite film containing the essential oil emulsion had a more reticulated structure. The essential oil composite layer on mangoes increased the fruit shelf time to 12 days, decreased weight loss by 10.81±4.70 %, increased the amount of soluble solids by 2.03±0.31 %, and increased the amount of vitamin C by 2.18±0.09 %. A trustworthy technical method for the storage and transportation of agricultural goods is offered by this study.
Anti‐Inflammatory Secoiridoids from the Medicinal Herb Gentianopsis barbata
Authors: Liu Huan , Cheng Hui‐Zhen , Qi Xiao‐Yu , Fan Yu‐Zhou , Yuan Zhong‐Zhu , Xu Yuan‐Liang , Liu Yan , Guo Kai , Li Sheng‐Hong
Published: November 2024

Five new secoiridoids, gentianopsins A–E (1–5), along with two known analogues (6 and 7) were isolated from the whole plants of the medicinal herb Gentianopsis barbata. Their structures were elucidated by a comparison of extensive spectroscopic analysis (1D and 2D NMR, and HRMS) and quantum chemical calculations. Gentianopsins A (1) and B (2) represented two unusual skeletons of trihomo‐secoiridoids. Anti‐inflammatory activity of these isolates was evaluated via suppressing the secretion of cytokines TNF‐α and IL‐6 in LPS‐induced macrophages RAW264.7. Significant inhibitory activity was observed for compounds 3 and 7 on IL‐6 secretion with IC50 values of 10.22 and 13.30 μM, respectively.
NAD(P)‐Dependent Glucose Dehydrogenases: Underestimated Multifunctional Biocatalysts
Authors: Kumar Rohit , Tambrini Samantha J. , Jiang Guangde
Published: November 2024

The last decade has witnessed tremendous progress in the field of biocatalysis. One of the most frequently utilized enzymes in diverse biocatalytic applications is NAD(P)‐dependent glucose dehydrogenases (GDHs). Traditionally, these enzymes are employed for their role in regenerating NAD(P)H in various enzymatic reactions utilizing glucose. However, recent studies have expanded the scope of GDHs beyond cofactor regeneration, highlighting their potential as biocatalysts in diverse chemical transformations. GDHs have demonstrated versatility in catalyzing key reactions in the synthesis of various drug molecules and intermediates, including ketone reduction to produce alcohols, imine reduction of C=N bonds to yield amines, reduction of aldehydes to alcohols, and dehydrogenation of cyclohexanol derivatives. This review highlights recent advancements in elucidating the multifunctional roles of NAD(P)‐dependent glucose dehydrogenases (GDHs) in biocatalysis, with an emphasis on their growing applications and significant potential in small molecule synthesis.
Anion and Substituents Effect on Spectral‐Kinetic and Biological Characteristics of Spiropyran Salts
Authors: Pugachev Artem D. , Kozlenko Anastasiia S. , Sazykina Marina A. , Sazykin Ivan S. , Rostovtseva Irina A. , Makarova Nadezhda I. , Borodkin Gennady S. , Tkachev Valery V. , Utenyshev Andrei N. , Demidov Oleg P. , Matukhno Alexey E. , Ponyatovskaya Arina M. , Azhogina Tatiana N. , Karchava Shorena K. , Klimova Maria V. , Aldoshin Sergey M. , Metelitsa Anatoly V. , Ozhogin Ilya V.
Published: November 2024

Spiropyran salts containing a cationic vinyl‐3H‐indolium moiety are characterized by NIR absorption and fluorescence of their merocyanine forms. This feature makes them promising fluorescent probes and markers for bioimaging. The article focuses on the synthesis and study of the spectral, kinetic and toxic characteristics of such compounds with respect to various substituents in different moieties and the type of anion. A detailed analysis of the acquired data made it possible to draw some important conclusions regarding the influence of structural factors, which will be very useful for the further rational design of such derivatives. In particular, it was shown that the counterion has minimal effect on the spectral and kinetic characteristics of the dyes but dramatically affects the toxicity of the compounds. Following selection of the most appropriate compounds, bioimaging experiments were carried out to visualize planktonic bacteria and bacterial biofilms of E. coli and A. calcoaceticus. The ability to visualize biofilms is critical for the diagnosis of chronic diseases. By the results of molecular docking a theoretical interaction pattern between spiropyran molecules and DNA was proposed.
Innovative Synthesis of YF3‐TiO2 Acid–Base Catalysts with High Surface Area by Embedding Yttrium Trifluoride Nanoparticles in TiO2 Metallogel
Authors: Salem Roua Ben , Eternot Marion , Purohit Bhagyesh , Bargiela Pascal , Essayem Nadine , Mishra Shashank
Published: November 2024

Combining a water‐tolerant oxide such as TiO2 with yttrium fluoride is expected to provide catalysts with enhanced acid–base properties for catalytic applications in water. We present here a new strategy of incorporating preformed YF3 nanoparticles (NPs) in a TiO2‐based metallogel, followed by its soft drying at room temperature to produce YF3‐TiO2 xerogel with high surface area. The as‐synthesized YF3‐TiO2 materials were calcinated at 300 and 400°C and characterized by X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), X‐ray diffraction (XRD), 19F NMR spectroscopy and N2 physisorption, calorimetry of NH3 adsorption, and FT‐IR of pyridine adsorption. These studies indicate that the fluorine is present under a stable form of YF3 for the catalysts calcined at 300°C. The acid–base properties of these YF3‐TiO2 catalysts were investigated in a model reaction, that is, dihydroxyacetone (DHA) conversion in water, and compared with the blank TiO2 and YF3 NPs alone. The incorporation of YF3 in the TiO2 matrix leads to enhanced initial rate of DHA dehydration into pyruvaldehyde, which is slowly converted to lactic acid as the reaction progresses. This suggests that the Brønsted acidity was boosted by the presence of YF3 species via water adsorption in a dissociative form.
Triflyl [18F]Fluoride as a Solution for Base‐Sensitive Late‐Stage Nucleophilic Aromatic 18F‐Fluorination Reactions
Authors: Haveman Lizeth Y. F. , de Kruijff Anna M. T. , van Eeden Sjoerd P. P. , Windhorst Albert D. , Vugts Danielle J.
Published: November 2024

Fluorine‐18 is the predominant radionuclide used to label Positron Emission Tomography (PET) tracers. One outstanding challenge in nucleophilic aromatic radiofluorination reactions is the sensitivity of precursors and catalysts for basic reaction conditions, which are necessary for the work‐up of [18F]fluoride, resulting in limited reproducibility. Triflyl [18F]fluoride is a new [18F]fluoride source that allows freedom in choice of type and amounts of base and cryptand. The aim of the current work is to explore the scope and limitations of triflyl [18F]fluoride in the late‐stage nucleophilic aromatic 18F‐fluorination of various functionalized precursors, exploring reduced amounts of base and cryptand. The assessment allowed for the application of this new nucleophilic [18F]fluoride reagent to the successful radiosynthesis of boron, stannane, hypervalent iodonium ylide and phenol substrates bearing electron‐deficient, ‐neutral and ‐rich functional groups as well as the clinically relevant PET tracers [18F]FPEB, [18F]mFBG and [18F]SynVesT‐1.
Unlocking the Potential of Push‐Pull Pyridinic Photobases: Aggregation‐Induced Excited‐State Proton Transfer
Authors: Mencaroni Letizia , Bianconi Tommaso , Aurora Mancuso Maria , Sheokand Manju , Elisei Fausto , Misra Rajneesh , Carlotti Benedetta
Published: November 2024

The pH effect on the photophysics of three push‐pull compounds bearing dimethoxytriphenylamine (TPA‐OMe) as electron donor and pyridine as electron acceptor, with different ortho‐functionalization (−H, −Br, and −TPA‐OMe), is assessed through steady‐state and time‐resolved spectroscopic techniques in DMSO/water mixed solutions and in water dispersions over a wide pH range. The enhanced intramolecular charge transfer upon protonation of the pyridinic ring leads to the acidochromic (from colorless to yellow) and acido(fluoro)chromic (from cyan to pink) behaviours of the investigated compounds. In dilute DMSO/buffer mixtures these molecules exhibited low pKa values (≤3.5) and extremely short singlet lifetimes. Nevertheless, it is by exploiting the aggregation phenomenon in aqueous environment that the practical use of these compounds largely expands: i) the basicity increases (pKa≈4.5) approaching the optimum values for pH‐sensing in cancer cell recognition; ii) the fluorescence efficiencies are boosted due to Aggregation‐Induced Emission (AIE), making these compounds appealing as fluorescent probes; iii) longer singlet lifetimes enable Excited‐State Proton Transfer, paving the way for the application of these molecules as photobases (pKa*=9.1). The synergy of charge and proton transfers combined to the AIE behaviour in these pyridines allows tunable multi‐responsive optical properties providing valuable information for the design of new light‐emitting photobases.
Flipping the Metalation of 4‐Dimethylaminopyridine: Steric Repulsion versus London Dispersion Attraction
Authors: Verkhov Valery A. , Gubanova Alexandra N. , Tonkoglazova Daria I. , Tupikina Elena Yu. , Antonov Alexander S.
Published: November 2024

Non‐covalent interactions, including the coordination of an organolithium reagent by a directing group and the steric hindrance from substituents, play a crucial role in determining the selectivity of metalation reactions. Here, we demonstrate the effective utilization of steric interactions for flipping the lithiation of 4‐dimethylaminopyridine (DMAP). Introduction of a Me3Si substituent to the position 1 of DMAP or simple complexation with t‐BuLi allows selective C3‐lithiation, due to the steric hindrance of a C2−H bond by the bulky moiety at the pyridine nitrogen. This simple approach creates a convenient way to achieve the selective C3‐functionalization of DMAP. In contrast, the utilization of an even bulkier i‐Pr3Si substituent leads to exclusive C2‐functionalization due to the dispersion interactions with organometallic bases. For the first time, it is demonstrated that the i‐Pr3Si moiety can serve as a directing group, providing a new type of directed ortho‐metalation effect.
Oxydiazomethylation of Alkenes via Photoredox Catalysis
Authors: Zeng Ying , Zheng Xiaochan , Shen Lixing , Jing Yaru , Chen Shaoyong , Luo Zhongfeng , Ke Zhuofeng , Xie Haisheng , Liu Junshan , Jiang Huanfeng , Zeng Wei
Published: November 2024

α‐Diazoesters belong to significantly important carbenoid precursors in synthetic chemistry. Diazomethylation‐based difunctionalization of alkenes is highly valuable but remain nontrivial. Herein, we reported a general and modular approach for the direct 1,2‐oxydiazomethylation of alkenes through visible‐light photoredox catalysis. This process exploits photocatalyzed strategy to convert alkenes to γ‐formyloxyl‐α‐diazoesters using α‐diazo iodonium salts as carbyne precursors, featuring wide substrate tolerance and broad late‐stage diversifications. Mechanistic studies suggest that the formation of γ‐carbocation‐tethered α‐diazoesters plays a crucial role in trapping DMF and H2O to allow for this transformation.
13C‐Labeling as a Method in Organic Synthesis, Catalysis and Biochemical Applications
Authors: Rodygin Konstantin S. , Bogachenkov Alexander S. , Gyrdymova Yulia V. , Potorochenko Anton N.
Published: November 2024

The incorporation of a labeled 13C atom provides a plethora of opportunities in organic synthesis and catalysis. Structure of complicated compounds can be successfully confirmed using the precise location of a labeled carbon atom; a reaction mechanism can be supported by the presence or absence of a label in reaction products; metabolic pathways of biological compounds can be found out depending on labeled products; the concentration of analyzed labeled compounds can be significantly lower for recording and successful interpretation of NMR spectra, etc. This review aims to provide a researcher with common and promising strategies for the synthesis of labeled compounds so that a researcher can select an appropriate route to save valuable labeled material. All the labeling approaches were considered based on starting labeling source. Ideological aim of the review is to demonstrate the opportunities for label incorporation so that a researcher can find the improvements in his own topic using labeled compounds. Utilization of labeled compounds in catalysis and studying reaction mechanisms were also considered to demonstrate the capabilities of labeled compounds, which may be useful in specific tasks and applications. The potential of labeled compounds in bioactive compound metabolite analysis was demonstrated on selected examples.
Changing treatment patterns for hepatocellular carcinoma: A Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results–Medicare study
Authors: Iheanacho Franklin , Tramontano Angela C. , Abrams Thomas Adam , Manz Christopher R.
Published: November 2024

Background

From 2007 to 2017, sorafenib was the sole systemic therapy for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), but nine new therapies were approved from 2017 to 2022. No studies have yet examined population‐level treatment patterns for HCC since these approvals.

Methods

For this retrospective cohort, Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER)–Medicare data were used to identify patients who had HCC diagnosed between 2014 and 2019 with claims through 2020. The authors examined patient characteristics, comorbidities, and receipt of local (e.g., transplantation, resection, embolization) and systemic (e.g., sorafenib, lenvatinib, atezolizumab plus bevacizumab) therapies. Cohort characteristics, treatment patterns, and overall survival (OS) were analyzed, and χ2 tests and t‐tests were used to compare treatments between the 2014–2017 and 2018–209 cohorts. Adjusted Cox models were used to compare median OS between treatment groups.

Results

Among 11,766 patients (men, 69.2%; White, 76.9%; median age, 71 years), 60.5% received treatment within 1 year, which remained stable over time (2014–2017, 60.4%; 2018–2019, 61.0%; p = .84). The use of local therapy also remained stable (2014–2017, 52.1%; 2018–2019, 52.8%; p = .43), whereas the use of systemic therapy slightly decreased (2014–2017, 17.0%; 2018–2019, 15.2%; p = .01). First‐line systemic treatments shifted significantly, with sorafenib use dropping from 84.5% (2014–2017) to 41.3% (2018–2019). The median OS among patients who received no treatment, systemic therapies first, or local therapies first was 2.2, 12.0, and 23.6 months, respectively. Patients who were diagnosed in 2019 had better OS (hazard ratio [HR], 0.80; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.74–0.86) as did those who received systemic therapy first (HR, 0.33; 95% CI, 0.18–0.61), but survival was worse for those who received local therapy first (HR, 1.41; 95% CI, 1.08–1.84) compared with those who were diagnosed in 2014.

Conclusions

Local therapy patterns remained stable, but novel therapies replaced sorafenib as the preferred first‐line treatment, improving survival.
Impact of Geometric Attributes on Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Rupture Risk: An In Vivo FSI‐Based Study
Authors: Wang Xiaochen , Ghayesh Mergen H. , Li Jiawen , Kotousov Andrei , Zander Anthony C. , Dawson Joseph A. , Psaltis Peter J.
Published: November 2024

Reported in this paper is a cutting‐edge computational investigation into the influence of geometric characteristics on abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) rupture risk, beyond the traditional measure of maximum aneurysm diameter. A Comprehensive fluid–structure interaction (FSI) analysis was employed to assess risk factors in a range of patient scenarios, with the use of three‐dimensional (3D) AAA models reconstructed from patient‐specific aortic data and finite element method. Wall shear stress (WSS), and its derivatives such as time‐averaged WSS (TAWSS), oscillatory shear index (OSI), relative residence time (RRT) and transverse WSS (transWSS) offer insights into the force dynamics acting on the AAA wall. Emphasis is placed on these WSS‐based metrics and seven key geometric indices. By correlating these geometric discrepancies with biomechanical phenomena, this study highlights the novel and profound impact of geometry on risk prediction. This study demonstrates the necessity of a multidimensional assessment approach, future efforts should complement these findings with experimental validations for an applicable approach for clinical use.
HRCUNet: Hierarchical Region Contrastive Learning for Segmentation of Breast Tumors in DCE‐MRI
Authors: He Jiezhou , Luo Zhiming , Peng Wei , Su Songzhi , Zhao Xue , Zhang Guojun , Li Shaozi
Published: November 2024

Segmenting breast tumors from dynamic contrast‐enhanced magnetic resonance images is a critical step in the early detection and diagnosis of breast cancer. However, this task becomes significantly more challenging due to the diverse shapes and sizes of tumors, which make it difficult to establish a unified perception field for modeling them. Moreover, tumor regions are often subtle or imperceptible during early detection, exacerbating the issue of extreme class imbalance. This imbalance can lead to biased training and challenge accurately segmenting tumor regions from the predominant normal tissues. To address these issues, we propose a hierarchical region contrastive learning approach for breast tumor segmentation. Our approach introduces a novel hierarchical region contrastive learning loss function that addresses the class imbalance problem. This loss function encourages the model to create a clear separation between feature embeddings by maximizing the inter‐class margin and minimizing the intra‐class distance across different levels of the feature space. In addition, we design a novel Attention‐based 3D Multi‐scale Feature Fusion Residual Module to explore more granular multi‐scale representations to improve the feature learning ability of tumors. Extensive experiments on two breast DCE‐MRI datasets demonstrate that the proposed algorithm is more competitive against several state‐of‐the‐art approaches under different segmentation metrics.
Automatic Experimental Numerosity Generation and Numerical Training for Rodents
Authors: Liang Tuo , Rong Kang‐Lin , Qiao Jing‐Da , Ke Ya , Yung Wing‐Ho
Published: November 2024

Non‐symbolic stimuli representing numerosities are invariably associated with continuous magnitudes, complicating the interpretation of experimental studies on numerosity perception. Although various algorithms for experimental numerosity generation have been proposed, they do not consider the quantifiable distribution of values of continuous magnitudes and the degree of numerosity‐magnitudes association. Consequently, they cannot thoroughly exclude the possibility of magnitudes integration or strategy switch between different magnitudes in numerical stimulus perception. Here, we introduce a protocol for numerosity generation, animal training, and behavior outcomes analysis that takes the aforementioned issues into consideration. This protocol has been applied to rodents and is applicable to other animals in numerosity studies. © 2024 Wiley Periodicals LLC.

Basic Protocol 1: Algorithm for generating non‐symbolic numerical stimuli

Alternate Protocol: General algorithm for generating non‐symbolic numerical stimuli

Basic Protocol 2: Numerical training and testing for rodents
Clinical and Patient‐Reported Outcome Measures of Palatal Donor Site Healing Using Polyvinylpyrrolidone–Sodium Hyaluronate Gel as a Dressing Material Following Free Gingival Graft Harvesting: A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial
Authors: Baroudi Mohammad , Othman Majd
Published: November 2024

Objectives

This study evaluates the efficacy of polyvinylpyrrolidone–sodium hyaluronate (PVP‐SH) gel as a dressing material in enhancing both clinical and patient‐reported outcomes post‐free gingival graft (FGG) harvesting from the hard palate.

Material and Methods

This randomized clinical trial included 18 patients and spanned from June 2022 to August 2023. Patients received an FGG procedure to manage a lack of attached gingiva. Following graft harvesting, patients were divided into two groups: the control group, which received Coe‐Pak, and the test group, which was treated with PVP‐SH gel. The primary outcome measured was complete epithelialization. Secondary outcomes included the Landry healing scale, post‐operative pain level, and patient willingness to receive the same treatment again.

Results

The test group reported significantly lower analgesic use (p < 0.001) and reduced pain severity (p < 0.001) compared to the control group. Furthermore, test group patients indicated a higher level of satisfaction regarding the prospect of retreatment. In contrast, the control group showed significantly slower progress in wound healing and epithelization (p < 0.05) compared to the test group.

Conclusions

The findings of this study suggest that PVP‐SH gel is a superior dressing material post‐FGG harvesting, yielding improved clinical and patient‐reported outcomes relative to Coe‐Pak.
Analysis, Design, and Optimization of Segment‐Compensated PCB Coil for Multirelay Wireless Power Transfer System
Authors: Xia Hui , Shi Yong , Hou Xinyu
Published: November 2024

This paper proposed a segment‐compensated printed circuit board (PCB) coil for multirelay wireless power transfer (WPT) system. The PCB coil is designed with variable width to improve the system transfer efficiency, and the segmented compensation method is applied to avoid the high voltage stress on resonant capacitors in case of the multirelay WPT system with a low load resistance operating at a constant voltage frequency. The segmented compensation capacitors are integrated into the PCB coil, so as to constitute the compact coupler used in multirelay WPT system. The optimization procedure of the segment‐compensated PCB coil is also provided. The quality factor of the PCB coil can be improved by optimizing the proportional coefficients of width variation. The voltage of capacitors can be reduced by optimizing the number of segments. A physical variable‐width PCB coil with 3 segments is constructed. The experimental prototypes of the three‐coil, four‐coil, and five‐coil WPT systems are built. The experimental results show that the voltage of the segmented compensation capacitors on each coil is almost uniformly distributed and does not exceed 250 V when the input voltage is 50 V and the load resistance is 10 Ω. Compared with the multirelay WPT system using the equal‐width PCB coil, the multirelay WPT system using the PCB coil designed in this paper has higher output power and higher efficiency.
Node Localization Based on Unsupervised Approach and Secure Routing for Healthcare Management in Delay‐Tolerant Network
Authors: Ragesh G. K. , Kumar Ajay
Published: November 2024

The ability of the current global healthcare system to continue providing high‐quality medical care has been questioned. By using delay‐tolerant networks (DTNs) in healthcare management, people that spend a lot of time treating illnesses are exposed to more people while also putting their lives in danger. Unsupervised approach‐based node localization and secure routing in DTNs are developed in the proposed method. The proposed adaptive density‐based localization algorithm is constructed in two modules. The entire network is clustered depending on density utilizing density‐based spatial clustering of applications with noise (DBSCAN). An RSA‐based location estimation algorithm is employed to identify the unlocalized node within each cluster. After finding the location of each node, routing mechanism is carried out. An adaptive spray and wait routing strategy is utilized in the proposed method. When a node only has one copy of a message, the spray and wait, routing mechanism moves the relay node while it waits for the destination to be countered. Then modified DNA encryption algorithm is applied for secure data transmission. It is used for encrypting the information before storing it in the network. The trusted center will generate the private key needed for encrypting the data based on the sensitivity level of the information. This proposed algorithm is tested with several metrics which attain better performance, like 94% localization accuracy, 6% localization error, average residual energy of 93%, 5.7 Mbps throughput, 18% encryption time, and 14% decryption time. Thus, the techniques used in the proposed approach are the best choice for node localization, energy efficiency, and secure data transmission in DTN.
Combination of artificial intelligence endoscopic diagnosis and Kimura‐Takemoto classification determined by endoscopic experts may effectively evaluate the stratification of gastric atrophy in post‐eradication status
Authors: Kirita Kumiko , Futagami Seiji , Nakamura Ken , Agawa Shuhei , Ueki Nobue , Higuchi Kazutoshi , Habiro Mayu , Kawawa Rie , Kato Yusuke , Tada Tomohiro , Iwakiri Katsuhiko
Published: November 2024

Background

Since it is difficult for expert endoscopists to diagnose early gastric cancer in post‐eradication status, it may be critical to evaluate the stratification of high‐risk groups using the advance of gastric atrophy or intestinal metaplasia. We tried to determine whether the combination of endoscopic artificial intelligence (AI) diagnosis for the evaluation of gastric atrophy could be a useful tool in both pre‐ and post‐eradication status.

Methods

270 Helicobacter pylori‐positive outpatients (Study I) were enrolled and Study II was planned to compare patients (n = 72) with pre‐eradication therapy with post‐eradication therapy. Assessment of endoscopic appearance was evaluated by the Kyoto classification and Kimura‐Takemoto classification. The trained neural network generated a continuous number between 0 and 1 for gastric atrophy.

Results

There were significant associations between the severity of gastric atrophy determined by AI endoscopic diagnosis and not having a regular arrangement of collecting venules in angle, visibility of vascular pattern, and mucus using Kyoto classification in H. pylori‐positive gastritis. There were significant differences (p = 0.037 and p = 0.014) in the severity of gastric atrophy between the high‐risk group and low‐risk group based on the combination of Kimura‐Takemoto classification and endoscopic AI diagnosis in pre‐ and post‐eradication status. The area under the curve values of the severity of gastric atrophy (0.674) determined by the combination of Kimura‐Takemoto classification and gastric atrophy determined by AI diagnosis was higher than that determined by Kimura‐Takemoto classification alone in post‐eradication status.

Conclusion

A combination of gastric atrophy determined by AI endoscopic diagnosis and Kimura‐Takemoto classification may be a useful tool for the prediction of high‐risk groups in post‐eradication status.
Green Turtle Feeding on Terrestrial Leaves Reveals Energy Pathway From Land to Sea
Authors: Robinson Nathan J. , Killackey Ryan P. , Valverde‐Cantillo Veronica , Santidrián Tomillo Pilar
Published: November 2024

We report on an adult male green turtle (Chelonia mydas) feeding on fallen leaves from a terrestrial tree, frangipani (Plumeria rubra), in the waters in front of Cabuyal—a known sea turtle nesting beach—on the north Pacific coast of Costa Rica. This observation, in conjunction with similar reports worldwide, corroborates that terrestrial leaves may be a common food item for green turtles in areas near mangrove forests or coastal deciduous trees. Our observation also indicates that male turtles may feed during reproductive periods if food is available.
Escape behavior of rocky‐reef fish reveals the impact of spearfishing across different management regimes
Authors: Contreras‐Drey Francisco J. , Godoy Natalio , Smith Andrés , Rezende Enrico L. , Pérez‐Matus Alejandro , Estevez Rodrigo A. , Beldade Ricardo , Ojeda F. Patricio , Gelcich Stefan
Published: November 2024

Flight initiation distance (FID), the distance at which an organism begins to flee from an approaching threat, is a major component of antipredator escape behavior and a potential indicator of threat perception in fishes. In this study, we analyzed the FID of three important rocky‐reef fish species targeted by spearfishers, which are of commercial and recreational importance. We tested predictions that FID to a diver threat increases with the following factors: (1) fish body size, (2) less restricted access regimes, and (3) increased historical fishing pressure. We studied three size ranges of three rocky‐reef fish species, in three different access regimes (i.e., open access, territorial user rights for fishery areas, no‐take marine protected areas), and in two regions (northern and central region with different levels of fishing pressure depending on the species). We conducted an ANOVA to analyze pairwise interactions. We used the mean square criterion to select the models that best explained the variation of our response variable. Our findings indicate that FID can be distinctly elucidated by factors such as individual size, species, access regimes, and regions. Additionally, our models show that interactions involving regions and either species or size further contribute to explain FID variability. FID was higher in larger fishes and those of higher commercial value, outside marine reserves and in the region with the highest historical fishing pressures (based on landings data). This study supports the predictions that increased FID is associated with the threat posed by spearfishing activities. Furthermore, our findings indicate that spearfishing may already be altering the behavior of rocky‐reef fishes on the north‐central coast of Chile.
Regulating Spin‐Crossover Behavior in Iron(II) Complexes: Control over SCO Temperatures by Varying NCE− Co‐ligands
Authors: Wan Yu‐Xuan , Qi Da‐Fan , Fan Yu‐Xiao , Chen Ze‐Hao , Dou Di‐Yu , Tian Hai‐Quan , Bao Xin
Published: November 2024

In this research, we introduce new members to the [Fe(bzL)(NCE)2] complex series by incorporating NCS− and NCBH3− as co‐ligands, expanding on our established tetradentate bzL ligand. The synthesis of three isostructural structures has allowed for a systematic tuning of SCO temperatures, with T1/2 values ranging from 85 K for the S‐α complex, featuring approximately 15 K thermal hysteresis, to 194 K for the Se‐α complex, and a stable low‐spin state up to 300 K for the B‐α complex. This work demonstrates the efficacy of modulating SCO properties through variation of the NCE− ancillary ligands. Furthermore, we conducted a comparative analysis of 21 analogs within this family. This analysis aims to elucidate the similarities and differences among the complexes and their correlation with SCO properties, furthering our understanding of the structural determinants that influence SCO behavior.
Design, Synthesis and Characterization of BODIPY based 1H‐Tetrazole Ligands
Authors: Huber Martin , Schöbinger Matthias , Cirera Jordi , Stöger Berthold , Weinberger Peter
Published: November 2024

Four novel fluorescence active ligands (1–4) consisting of a 1H‐tetrazol‐1‐yl moiety as coordinating unit and a 4,4‐difluoro‐4‐bora‐3a,4a‐diaza‐s‐indacene (BODIPY) derivative as fluorophore, bridged via alkyl (‐(CH2)n‐, n=1–3) or benzyl (‐CH2‐C6H4‐) spacers were designed. Successful synthesis is demonstrated by multinuclear NMR spectroscopy, as well as powder and single crystal XRD analysis. The methylene bridged ligand 2 (4,4‐difluoro‐1,3,5,7‐tetramethyl‐8‐[(1H‐tetrazol‐1‐yl)methyl]‐4‐bora‐3a,4a‐diaza‐s‐indacene) crystallizes in different polymorphs and solvatomorphs, in contrast to the other three ligands, which show no polymorphism under identical conditions. Photophysical studies revealed high fluorescence quantum yields (69 – 95 %) in solution for the ‐(CH2)2‐ bridged ligand 3 (4,4‐difluoro‐1,3,5,7‐tetramethyl‐8‐[(1H‐tetrazol‐1‐yl)ethyl]‐4‐bora‐3a,4a‐diaza‐s‐indacene) and the ‐(CH2)3‐ bridged ligand 4 (4,4‐difluoro‐1,3,5,7‐tetramethyl‐8‐[(1H‐tetrazol‐1‐yl)propyl]‐4‐bora‐3a,4a‐diaza‐s‐indacene). Non‐radiative decay due to rotational motion of the 1H‐tetrazol‐1‐yl‐ and/or ‐CH2‐C6H4‐ moiety for 2 and 1 (4,4‐difluoro‐1,3,5,7‐tetramethyl‐8‐[4‐((1H‐tetrazol‐1‐yl)methyl)phenyl]‐4‐bora‐3a,4a‐diaza‐s‐indacene) respectively leads to reduced quantum yields of ≥35 %. Complete fluorescence quenching upon aggregation is prevented by installation of the sterically demanding 1H‐tetrazol‐1‐yl moiety and a spacer in meso‐position of the BODIPY core to elongate the intermolecular distances between two adjacent BODIPY cores. Detailed photophysical and crystallographic investigations are supported by theoretical calculations.
Fractional modeling of bioconvection in Jeffrey nanofluids with gyrotactic organisms
Authors: Abbas Shajar , Gilani Syeda Farzeen Fatima , Nazar Mudassar , Metwally Ahmed Sayed M. , Nisa Zaib Un , Juraev Nizomiddin
Published: November 2024

The current study examines how mass and heat transfer affect mobility of Jeffrey fluid while taking sun radiation across the vertical plate into account. In the polyvinyl alcohol water base fluid, the study combines gyrotactic organisms with copper nanoparticles. Microorganisms classified as gyrotactic respond to gravitational and viscous forces by swimming and orienting themselves, which results in the formation of patterns known as bioconvection, which is the result of the collective movement of these microorganisms. The main goals are to address the growing uses of solar plates by creating a unique mathematical model for flow and thermal properties of the parabolic trough solar collector (PTSC) installed on solar panel. Sunlight is directed onto a single focal line by curved mirrors in PTSCs, which heat the fluid moving over the plate at this focused line. The momentum, heat, and mass equations are solved by the model using Fourier and Fick's laws. The Laplace transform is then used to convert the solution sets into dimensionless Partial differential equation (PDE) for the velocity, energy, and mass fields. The innovative aspect of this model is its in‐depth examination of non‐Newtonian nanofluids, which are boosted by the addition of gyrotactic organisms and copper nanoparticles to increase heat transfer efficiency. The impacts of several factors on flow characteristics, including the Lewis number, mass Grashof number, Grashof number for bioconvection, magnetic and electric parameters, Peclet number, chemical reaction parameter, and Prandtl number, are shown graphically. Increasing the radiation parameters and volume fraction results in a noticeable improvement in the temperature profile. By demonstrating the superior heat transfer capabilities of non‐Newtonian nanofluids in solar energy applications, this work advances the field. It is particularly relevant to microchip cooling, solar energy systems, and thermal energy systems. In summary, the work provides a comprehensive model that advances our understanding of heat and mass transfer in non‐Newtonian nanofluids that are exposed to ambient sunlight. In the future, the model will be employed in real solar energy systems to confirm its effectiveness. The findings have applications in the development of temperature control technology and solar energy systems that are more effective.
Epilepsy care pathway: The Finnish model
Authors: Kälviäinen Reetta , Hadj‐Allal Zakarya , Kirjavainen Jarkko , Roivainen Reina , Linnankivi Tarja , Peltola Jukka , Eriksson Kai , Lamusuo Salla , Lähdesmäki Tuire , Annunen Johanna , Vieira Päivi , Tarkiainen Virpi , Jutila Leena , Saarela Anni , Kämppi Leena , Metsähonkala Liisa , Gaily Eija , Lähde Niina , Antinmaa Jaana , Erme Sini , Pirttisalo Anna‐Leena , Virolainen Jari , Ylijoki Milla , Kela Laura , Komulainen‐Ebrahim Jonna , Sorjonen Paula ,   Finnish Severe Epilepsy Coordination Group
Published: November 2024

Objective

Integrated care pathways are essential for consistent, effective epilepsy care, offering equal access and quality regardless of socioeconomic status. They must align with the WHO Global Action Plan on Epilepsy, ensuring best practices and cost‐effective management. We describe the Finnish national epilepsy care pathway, which includes multiple levels of care, from initial diagnosis to long‐term care for all types of epilepsy, with a specific focus on rare and complex cases integrated with the European Reference Network (ERN) for Rare and Complex Epilepsies EpiCARE.

Methods

In 2017, the Finnish government nominated Kuopio University Hospital to coordinate diagnostics and care for severe epilepsy in Finland. A national multidisciplinary consensus panel, including specialists from both adult and pediatric neurology departments across all five Finnish university hospitals and from the patient organization, was established. The resulting pathway was adopted into the current Finnish evidence‐based current care guidelines for epilepsy.

Results

The Finnish epilepsy care pathway focuses on timely referrals, continuity of care and enhanced communication between healthcare providers at different levels of care. Patient involvement is assured with an individualized digital application offering secure online messaging, a seizure calendar, and remote visits. The pathway enhances virtual consultations and includes regular national diagnostic multidisciplinary meetings for severe epilepsies before selected cases are consulted in ERN EpiCARE meetings.

Significance

This Finnish model for epilepsy care provides a streamlined, multidisciplinary approach to diagnosis and treatment and combines modern digital tools, data sharing, and peer support. This pathway can serve to model how integrated healthcare systems can effectively manage complex conditions.

Plain Language Summary

We describe the Finnish national epilepsy care pathway, which includes multiple levels of care, from initial diagnosis to long‐term care for all types of epilepsy, with a specific focus on rare and complex cases integrated with the European Reference Network (ERN) for Rare and Complex Epilepsies EpiCARE. Finnish model for epilepsy care provides a streamlined, multidisciplinary approach to diagnosis and long‐term treatment of epilepsy. The pathway enhances virtual consultations and includes national and European‐level diagnostic multidisciplinary meetings for severe epilepsies. To improve outcomes, we emphasize the use of modern digital tools, data sharing, and peer support.
Evaluation of the applicability of three sediment transport capacity equations on steep colluvial slopes and their modifications
Authors: Shen Haoming , Wang Hua , Ha Fang , Zhang Zhenggang , Tao Changwu , Zhang Yue , Lin Jinshi , Huang Yanhe , Jiang Fangshi
Published: November 2024

Accurate estimations of the sediment transport capacity (Tc) are essential for soil erosion modelling. However, the applicability of existing Tc equations to colluvial soils with high steep slopes and high gravel content is limited. In this study, the variation of Tc with shear stress (τ), unit stream power (P) and stream power (ω) is investigated for different slopes and flow discharge. We also evaluate the applicability of the Yalin, Govers and GUEST equations (based on τ, P and ω, respectively) for estimating Tc on steep–slope colluvial deposits. Experiments were conducted using colluvial soil in a non‐erodible rill flume. The results reveal that Tc follows a power function with τ and ω and a linear function with P. The regression results of the three hydrodynamic parameters and Tc agree with the Tc equation forms of the corresponding equations. The Yalin equation, developed based on gently sloping erodible bed conditions, simulates overall low Tc values for steep sloping non‐erodible bed conditions (P.O.0.5–2 = 42.8%). The accuracy is significantly improved by correcting the sediment transport coefficient Kt (P.O.0.5–2 = 100%). The accuracy of the Govers‐simulated Tc values under steep slope conditions, based on gentle slope conditions, decreases with increasing slope gradient (P.O.0.5–2 = 37.14%), which is attributed to the large amount of coarse‐grained sediment present in this study. Thus, we retained the original form of the equation and further improved its accuracy by adjusting the coefficients (P.O.0.5–2 = 94.29%). As Tc increases, the GUEST equation can accurately simulate Tc. The accuracy is improved by calibrating the F‐value (P.O.0.5–2 = 100%). Using dimensional analysis, the equations built based on hydraulic conditions (excess current power, shear stress, flow velocity, etc.) and median particle size can accurately simulate Tc values (P.O.0.5–2 = 100%). These findings provide a basis for the development of erosion models for avalanche deposits on steep slopes.
Short‐Term Safety of Nutri‐Jelly in Adults Undergoing Hemodialysis
Authors: Kitiya Janjiraporn , Chantaramungkorn Thun , Pantoe Apinya , Chupeerach Chaowanee , Trachootham Dunyaporn
Published: November 2024

Excessive water consumption from liquid or reconstituted oral nutrition supplements may increase risk of fluid overload in renal patients. Nutri‐jelly, a ready‐to‐eat texture‐modified diet with 52.8% water, some protein, low potassium, phosphorus, and sodium, could be an alternative. However, its safety is unknown for adults undergoing hemodialysis (HD). This study investigated the short‐term physiological safety of Nutri‐Jelly intake and its preliminary impact on renal outcomes. A randomized open‐label, single‐arm, two‐sequence, two‐period cross‐over trial was conducted in 20 adults undergoing HD with inadequate protein intake (0.50 ‐ 0.70 g/ kg body weight/day). Participants were randomly allocated into 2 groups (n =10 each) and assigned in random sequence into both Without‐Jelly (HD 3 times during 7 days) and With‐Jelly periods (100 g Nutri‐Jelly twice daily along with HD 3 times during 7 days). A two‐week washout was between the periods. Outcome measures included adverse symptoms, changes in body weight, heart rate, blood pressure, and blood biochemical parameters relevant to renal outcomes. The results showed no intervention‐related adverse symptoms or significant changes in body weight, heart rate, systolic blood pressure, creatinine, albumin, and sodium. Potassium level and pre‐HD diastolic blood pressure were better controlled during the With Jelly than the Without Jelly Periods (p < 0.01 and p < 0.05, respectively). The eGFR was improved with no significant difference between the periods. The findings suggest that continuous intake of 100 g Nutri‐Jelly twice daily for 7 days is safe in adults undergoing hemodialysis. Its efficacy on renal‐related parameters warrants further investigations in long‐term studies.
Effect of the Freeze‐Drying Preservation Process on Some Quality Attributes of Pork Meat (Longissimus thoracis)
Authors: Coria‐Hernández Jonathan , Meléndez‐Pérez Rosalía
Published: November 2024

Meat preservation processes have been widely studied over time, especially those related to low temperatures (freezing and freeze‐drying); however, there is very little research that directly relates the effect of these processes on the structure of meat—and the main meat proteins—and how these changes affect some attributes of the final quality. Pork loin meat (Longissimus thoracis) was used, which was frozen–thawed and freeze‐dried‐rehydrated to subsequently evaluate changes in its chemical composition and physicochemical parameters such as water activity (aw), pH, and water‐holding capacity. Physical aspects such as color profile, surface myoglobin fraction, shear force, and histological sections were also evaluated, along with thermal analysis by modulated differential scanning calorimetry. The data obtained were analyzed through different statistical techniques. It was found that the freeze‐drying process significantly modifies the interactions of water with the rest of the meat components (p < 0.05), promoting differences concerning samples that were only frozen, allowing us to establish the importance of water and its associations with each other and with proteins on their effect on meat preservation processes at low temperatures.