bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Характеристики и анализ графов ближайших соседей, порожденных случайными матрицами
Authors: Kislitsyn Aleksei Alekseevich
Published: December 2024

Представлены результаты численного моделирования графов ближайших соседей,
порожденных случайными матрицами расстояний. Рассмотрены как симметричные, так и несимметричные случайные матрицы. Исследованы эмпирические распределения графов по числу связных фрагментов, фрагментов по числу вершин,
вершин по степеням. Полученные статистики рассматриваются как бенчмарк для
нового подхода к оценке вероятности зависимости выборочных данных. Поскольку
бенчмарк не зависит от функции распределения элементов случайных матриц, по
является возможность табулировать непараметрический статистический критерий
зависимости случайных элементов выборки по вероятности реализации структуры
порожденного этой выборкой графа ближайших соседей. Найденные статистики
позволяют также сравнивать различные генераторы псевдослучайных чисел и не
которые естественные генераторы. Приведен пример с анализом графов, порожденных десятичным представлением числа $\pi$, и показано, что первые 50 миллиардов цифр этой записи не являются независимыми случайными величинами.
Распределенный алгоритм моделирования задач газовой динамики на основе модифицированного метода адаптивной искусственной вязкости
Authors: Popov Igor Viktorovich
Published: December 2024

Рассматривается одношаговая модификация метода предиктор-корректор с адаптивной искусственной вязкостью для решения уравнений газовой динамики. При одинаковом порядке точности по пространству и времени модифицированный метод обладает лучшими характеристиками с точки зрения быстродействия, последовательной и распределенной программной реализации. Представлены результаты расчета нескольких задач газовой динамики и оценки эффективности разработанного программного обеспечения, включая пример $3\mathrm{D}$ моделирования на гибридной сетке, содержащей более $5\times 10^8$ элементов.
О повышении точности разностных схем при расчете центрированных волн разрежения
Authors: Ostapenko Vladimir Viktorovich , Polunina Ekaterina Ivanovna , Khandeeva Nadezhda Aleksandrovna
Published: December 2024

Предложен метод, позволяющий повышать точность численных схем сквозного счета внутри центрированных волн разрежения, возникающих в результате распада разрыва в начальных данных аппроксимируемой задачи Коши для гиперболической системы законов сохранения. В основе этого метода лежит сгущение численной сетки на некотором начальном временном интервале решаемой задачи. Приведены тестовые расчеты специальной задачи Коши для системы уравнений мелкой воды, демонстрирующие возможности данного метода.
Моделирование электризации градин в грозах умеренных широт с учетом фрактальных свойств облачной среды
Authors: Kumykov Tembulat Sarabievich , Parovik Roman Ivanovich
Published: December 2024

Рассмотрена математическая модель образования гроз умеренных широт, учитывающая фрактальную структуру облачной среды, с применением аппарата дробного интегро-дифференцирования. В отличие от классических работ, в представленной работе процесс электризации градин в кучево-дождевых облаках умеренных широт зависит не только от напряженности электрического поля, заряда, уносимого каплей, размера и скорости падения градины, но еще и от параметра фрактальности (фрактальной размерности) облачной среды. Показана зависимость динамики образования заряда градины в грозах умеренных широт от значений параметра фрактальности облачной среды, а также зависимость как от постоянных, так и от различных значений параметра, характеризующего фрактальные структуры.
DEPENDENCE OF THE EFFICIENCY OF A VORTEX CHAMBER EJECTOR ON ITS GEOMETRIC PARAMETERS
Authors: Rogovyi Andrii , Neskorozhenyi Artem , Timchenko Yevhen , Andriievska Viktoriia , Yaroshenko Mykola
Published: December 2024

The wear and decreased efficiency of superchargers with moving impellers make using jet devices in many technological processes advisable. Using the properties of swirling flows, such as reduced axial pressure, has created vortex ejectors. Still, their energy performance and efficiency are reduced compared to classical direct-flow jet pumps and ejectors. The solution to this problem may be the use of more advanced energy transfer principles and technical solutions in the design of vortex chamber-based jet superchargers. Such superchargers are vortex chamber superchargers, which, due to the use of centrifugal force, have better energy efficiency than vortex ejectors. The aim of this work is to determine the dependence of the efficiency of a vortex chamber ejector on its geometric parameters based on the design of the experiment. The study consisted of three stages: an experimental study of the vortex chamber ejector operation in a homogeneous medium with the initial geometric parameters of the vortex chamber and the supply and discharge channels for optimization. In the second stage, mathematical modeling was performed based on solving the Reynolds equations using the SST turbulence model. Next, the experimental data were compared with the calculation results. The optimization of parameters using the second-order model allowed us to find the maximum value of the efficiency of the vortex chamber ejector, which is equal to 16 %. The geometric parameters selected as factors are the relative height and diameter of the vortex chamber, the relative diameter of the supply channel. The relative height of the vortex chamber has the greatest influence on the efficiency. The significance of the obtained coefficients of the regression equations was tested using Student's t-test.
DESIGN OF HIGH HEAD RUNNERS OF FRANSIC TURBINES
Authors: Myronov Kostiantyn , Dmytriienko Olha , Sokolkov Danylo
Published: December 2024

The energy characteristics of the hydroturbine, reflecting the total effect of the interaction of the flow with the working bodies, allow us to judge the operation of the machine as a whole. Information about the energy qualities of individual elements of the flow space is provided by the energy balance. Using the data of the energy balance, it is possible to identify the most favorable conditions for the joint operation of the elements of the flow space, that is, to achieve their agreement to increase the level of efficiency – the most important energy indicator of the hydroturbine. In order to improve the energy performance of the designed hydroturbine, various analyzes are conducted, that is, the dependence of the kinematic and energy characteristics of the hydroturbine on its geometric parameters is investigated. Such an analysis is carried out to find the most rational options for the flow space. The paper presents the design of the flow space of the high head hydroturbine FR400, performed with the help of programs developed at the department "Hydraulic machines named after G. F. Proskura". The method of energy characteristics analysis, based on the application of dimensionless parameters, is described. To improve the energy indicators at the preliminary stage of the hydro turbine design, multivariate calculations of the influence of the geometric indicators of the runner on the formation of the energy indicators of the hydroturbine are carried out. To substantiate and analyze the results, a predictive universal characteristic of the hydroturbine is built. To analyze the formation of energy characteristics of hydroturbines, the general kinematic properties of spatial lattices, as well as the general regularities of the interaction of the fluid flow with the runner, were used. The analysis of energy losses in the flow space of the high head turbine Francis: the spiral case, the guide vane, the runner and the draft tube at the optimal operating mode of the hydroturbine, as well as the analysis of the effect of the geometric elements of the runner on the changes in energy losses in the flow space, was performed. The given results of the calculation study confirm that in order to increase the level of efficiency, while maintaining the indicators of the optimal mode, it is necessary to change both the position of the starting edge of the impeller and the law of the distribution of angles along it.
ADJUSTMENT OF THE ELEMENTS OF THE FLOW PART OF THE HIGH-EFFICIENCY OF PUMP- TURBINE
Authors: Tynianova Iryna , Drankovskiy Viktor , Tynianov Oleksandr , Savenkov Dmytro
Published: December 2024

The problem of the development of pumped storage power plants in Ukraine is considered, especially in the conditions of military operations, which damaged the energy infrastructure and created capacity shortage. The pumped storage power plants will help stabilize the power system by storing energy during periods of low load and efficiently using it during peak needs or accidents. All this has a positive impact on the role of energy autonomy and the integration of renewable energy sources. Efficiency increase of the hydro-turbine equipment of the PSPP requires the improvement of the water passage of the reversible hydraulic machines. This work shows that the creation of high-efficiency reversible hydraulic equipment depends on the correct selection of the geometry of the pater passage elements of the reversible hydraulic machines, consequently ensure the necessary level of energy characteristics of the hydraulic equipment. The equation of the optimal mode was used for the calculated assessment of kinematic and energy characteristics, analysis of their formation and search for rational variants that provide the specified requirements for the runner energy characteristics of the reversible hydraulic machines. Calculations are carried out using dimensionless kinematic parameters, which simplifies the process and eliminates the need for complex calculations. The numerical analysis data on the influence of the hydrodynamic parameters of the water passage on the parameters of the optimal mode can be used both for profiling the blade system of the runner, with the aim of improving energy characteristics (increasing power, efficiency level, etc.), and for modifying the blade system. The numerical study method for finding optimal variants of the runner blade system is given. The proposed approach was used to estimate the kinematic and energy characteristics of water passages of Francis turbines, as well as high-head reversible hydraulic machines ОRО200 and ОRО500 (both for basic and modified variants of the water passage).
NUMERICAL STUDY OF FLOW PARAMETERS IN THE HIGH-HEAD FRANCIS TURBINE
Authors: Krupa Yevhenii , Demchuk Roman
Published: December 2024

The scientific exploration of numerical computation regarding spatial flow within hydraulic machinery components is examined. A survey of contemporary software systems is conducted, and the benefits of their utilization over experimental studies are evaluated. It is indicated that the optimal approach involves a blend of experimental investigations and numerical simulation. This methodology facilitates the validation of simulation outcomes under real-world conditions and iteratively enhances the model based on acquired data. A review of the widely utilized Ansys software program is provided, emphasizing its pivotal features and capabilities for analyzing flow components of hydraulic turbines. An algorithm for computing flow parameters in hydraulic turbines using the Ansys software suite is outlined. The subject of this study is the high-head Francis hydraulic turbine Fr 500. The turbine's geometry was constructed employing a sector-based approach. This technique allows for significant simplification of calculations within the computational fluid dynamics framework, thereby reducing computational workload while preserving result accuracy. In selecting mathematical and turbulence models, a comprehensive analysis of the problem was undertaken, identifying models most suitable for the specific situation to ensure dependable numerical simulation outcomes. For spatial flow calculations in the turbine's flow component, the standard k-ε turbulence model was adopted. Considerable attention was devoted to mesh generation, as mesh quality strongly influences result accuracy and reliability. An unstructured mesh comprising tetrahedral-shaped cells was employed for discretizing the flow component, with local mesh refinement at the edges of the runner blades and guide vanes. As a result of numerical computations, the values of primary flow parameters for the design operating mode were determined. A visualization of the flow within the flow component is provided, alongside the assessment of hydraulic losses and turbine efficiency. The efficiency values obtained differ from corresponding experimental values by no more than 1 %. A thorough examination of the flow structure within the flow path was conducted, yielding recommendations for adjusting the blade angle β1 to reduce inlet impact losses.
The use of digital twins in healthcare
Authors:   National Defense Management Center of the Russian Federation, Prokhorova N. D. , Lebedev G. S. ,   Federal State Autonomous Educational Centre of Higher Education I. M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (Sechenov University), Prasolov M. S. ,   The Main Military Medical Directorate of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation, Kazakova A. А. ,   Federal State Autonomous Educational Centre of Higher Education I. M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (Sechenov University)
Published: December 2024

One of the revolutionary steps stimulating the development of innovations in healthcare is the introduction of digital twins.
The purpose of the study. The purpose of the presented literature review was to study various data sources on the technology of digital twins in healthcare and the possibility of their application with the introduction of the national standard of the Russian Federation “Digital twins in healthcare”. As a result of the study, a digital twin scheme was formed, digital twins were classified according to criteria.
Materials and methods. The literature review was conducted in the Pubmed Web of Science and Elibrary databases in September 2024 using the following terms: “digital twin”, “digital healthcare”, “personalized medicine”.
Results. The use of digital twins will improve the quality, accessibility and continuity of medical care, and will create opportunities for the development of personalized medicine.
Conclusions. Effective development in the field of digital twins in healthcare is directly related to the issues of their standardization, their creation and use should be carried out in accordance with approved standards and not contradict the norms of ethics in medicine.
Outcomes Following Transtibial Amputation with and without a Tibiofibular Synostosis Procedure
Authors:   Major Extremity Trauma Research Consortium (METRC)
Published: December 2024

Background:

This study compared outcomes at 18 months between patients who underwent transtibial amputation with and without a tibiofibular synostosis procedure. We hypothesized that complication rates would be lower in patients who did not receive a synostosis procedure compared with those who did receive a synostosis procedure, but the synostosis group would report better function.

Methods:

This multicenter randomized clinical trial (RCT) included patients aged 18 to 60 years who were treated without (n = 52) or with synostosis (n = 54) during transtibial amputation. Patients who refused randomization were enrolled in an observational (OBS) study (n = 93; 31 synostosis, 62 non-synostosis). There were 2 primary outcomes: operative treatment for a complication within 18 months of amputation and Short Musculoskeletal Function Assessment (SMFA) scores. The primary analyses were based on the RCT participants, and the secondary analyses were based on the treatment received by the combined RCT + OBS participants.

Results:

In the primary RCT analysis, the probability of ≥1 operatively treated complication was higher for the synostosis group (42%; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 29.8% to 56.2%) than the non-synostosis group (24%; 95% CI: 14.2% to 37.9%), with an absolute risk difference of 18% (95% CI: 0.31% to 36%). There were no appreciable differences in mean SMFA scores. In the secondary combined analysis, the probability of an operatively treatment complication was larger in patients who did versus did not receive a synostosis procedure (absolute risk difference: 26.1%; 95% CI: 12.0% to 40.3%). Differences in SMFA scores favored synostosis, although there were no differences in pain, prosthetic use, and satisfaction.

Conclusions:

The results of the primary RCT analysis supported our hypothesis of fewer complications in patients who do not undergo a synostosis procedure compared with those who undergo a synostosis procedure, but we found insufficient evidence to conclude that those in the synostosis group have better function. The trial did not reach target enrollment. The secondary combined analysis supported the primary analysis in terms of complications. In the secondary analysis, while pain, prosthetic use, and satisfaction remained similar, the SMFA scores were better for the patients who received a synostosis procedure, although the differences are of uncertain clinical importance.

Level of Evidence:

Therapeutic Level I. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
THE EFFECT OF USING DIFFERENT TYPES OF THICKENERS IN NONI FERMENTATION WITH ENCAPSULATION TECHNIQUE
Authors: Cahyani Wahyu Kanti Dwi , Widodo Richardus
Published: December 2024

Noni is famous for its rich health benefits due to its anti-oncide content, anti-inflamation, and immunomodulatory properties. However, noni is not liked by many people because of its unpleasant taste and aroma so that it becomes an obstacle in its widespread use. Fermentation and Encapsulation techniques on noni are new solutions and innovations to reduce unpleasant tastes and improve the stability of their active compounds during storage and consumption. The objectives of the research are: 1) Making noni fermentation encapsulation and 2) Proximate Test (Protein, carbohydrate, ash and moisture content). The research method includes: 1) producing fermented noni fruit using the encapsulation method, and 2) conducting a Proximate Test. The research design utilizes a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with a single factor by comparing the effects of noni fermentation and different types of thickeners, namely maltodextrin, xanthan gum, and gelatin, in a 1:2 ratio. Subsequent analysis is performed using SPSS and the BNT (Least Significant Difference) test to determine significant differences. The research findings show that (1) the type of thickener used has a significant effect on moisture content, protein, carbohydrate, and yield; (2) encapsulated fermented noni fruit has a better shelf life compared to liquid fermentation; (3) the lowest moisture content was achieved using maltodextrin as a thickener 9.2%, the highest carbohydrate content with maltodextrin 88.2%, the highest protein content with gelatin 1.6%, the highest ash content with xanthan gum 1.8%, and the highest yield with xanthan gum 0.35%.
Keywords: Encapsulation; Noni; Proximate
Is there a lesser of two evils? Seasonality and energetic impacts of castrating parasites on an estuarine mud crab along a salinity gradient
Authors: Greenberg Sarah R. , Pochtar Darby L. , Blakeslee April M.H. , Hanley Daniel , Fowler Amy E.
Published: December 2024

Estuarine organisms can evade biotic threats by utilizing low salinity extremes as refuge from natural enemies; however, they must also withstand osmotic stress. We investigated the spatiotemporal distribution of a mud crab host (Rhithropanopeus harrisii), and two castrating endoparasites (rhizocephalan Loxothylacus panopaei and entoniscid isopod Cryptocancrion brevibrachium) in the Chesapeake Bay to elucidate if R. harrisii can utilize an environmental refuge against parasitic castration. Every two months over an 18-month period, we collected and dissected R. harrisii from nine Chesapeake Bay populations along three rivers with a salinity gradient of 1.38–20.14 ppt to capture host-parasite seasonality and quantify individual and reproductive stress via hepatosomatic and gonadosomatic (GSI) indices, respectively (N = 6530 R. harrisii total). Cryptocancrion brevibrachium occurred throughout R. harrisii’s sampled salinity range (1.38–12.33 ppt), while L. panopaei occurred > 8.70 ppt. The prevalence of C. brevibrachium varied considerably across salinities (maximum 50%), while up to 82% of R. harrisii were infected with L. panopaei at higher salinities. Prevalence and probability of infection for both parasites was highest in spring and summer months, and R. harrisii between 7–8 mm carapace width were most likely to be infected. Based on GSI, L. panopaei castrated both female and male hosts, while C. brevibrachium only castrated female hosts. Thus, although R. harrisii can escape castration from L. panopaei by utilizing low salinity regions of the Chesapeake Bay, female crabs are still at risk from castration by C. brevibrachium, potentially limiting the crab’s ability to use low-salinity refuges to fully escape parasitic castrators.
Quantified Fluorescence Imaging for the Detection and Perfusion of the Parathyroid Glands of Children (FLUOPATCH): Study Protocol for a Proof-of-Concept Study
Authors: de Berg Daniël J. van , Kruijff Schelto , Trotsenburg A.S. Paul van , Santen Hanneke M. van , Scheltinga Sheila C. E. J. Terwisscha van , Vriens Menno R. , Boot Annemieke M. , Dijkum Els J.M. Nieveen van , Derikx Joep P. M. , Engelsman Anton F.
Published: December 2024

Background
The most common complication of pediatric thyroid surgery is postoperative hypoparathyroidism, causing hypocalcemia and a lifelong need for daily medication, reduced quality of life and high morbidity rates. In adults, we have shown that the use of an intraoperative standardized workflow for quantified Indocyanine Green (ICG)-fluorescence imaging can reliably predict postoperative hypocalcemia. In children, no studies regarding fluorescence-guided imaging of the parathyroid glands have been conducted. The aim of this proof-of-concept study is to develop a standardized imaging workflow model for autofluorescence and quantified ICG-fluorescence imaging of the parathyroid glands of children, as a first step towards reducing the rate of postoperative hypocalcemia after pediatric thyroid surgery.
Methods
A prospective, observational, multicenter, proof-of-concept study. Children < 18 years undergoing thyroidectomy will be included. Participant enrollment will occur approximately over a twelve-month period, in which we expect to include 15–20 patients. Patients will follow standard care. All children receive perioperative alfacalcidol and calcium supplementation following a joint protocol for perioperative calcium management. Intraoperative autofluorescence and ICG-fluorescence imaging will be performed according to a standardized workflow model, to ensure a homogeneous data set for quantification of the fluorescence signal intensity. ICG-perfusion curves will be correlated to the presence/absence of postoperative hypocalcemia.
Discussion
The current proof-of-concept study protocol proposes the development of a standardized imaging workflow model for intraoperative autofluorescence and quantified ICG-fluorescence imaging of the parathyroid glands in children undergoing thyroid surgery, as a first step in reducing the rate of postoperative hypocalcemia after pediatric thyroid surgery using fluorescence-guided imaging. This proof-of-concept trial will evaluate the feasibility and anticipated effectiveness of our workflow model for fluorescence-guided surgery to justify the continuation of the study as a larger, multicenter phase II trial. Based on the findings, the effect size will be estimated, and the (intraoperative) study procedures may be adjusted to optimize its design. We expect that reducing the rate of postoperative hypocalcemia in these young patients will result in less need for daily medication, less complaints of fatigue and muscle cramps, kidney diseases and malignancies and a higher self-reported quality of life.
Trial registration
ClinicalTrials.gov, identifier NCT05917067. Registered on June 23rd, 2023. https://classic.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT05917067.
Effectiveness of adding a peak flow meter for the identification of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in real-world clinical practice
Authors: Ikeda Hideki
Published: December 2024

Peak expiratory flow (PEF) measurement is useful to detect moderate and severe chronic obstructive lung disease (COPD). We aimed to validate its combined effectiveness with a questionnaire and to determine appropriate cutoff values for Japan. Outpatients receiving non-respiratory treatment aged ≥60 years and with a smoking index ≥400 cigarette-years and patients with COPD receiving regular treatment underwent PEF measurements and pulmonary function tests. Based on the PEF values normalized by height (method A) and height squared (method B), receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were created. COPD was confirmed in 15 patients (15.3%) among 98 with suspected COPD. The reference values for %FEV1 <80% were 2.40 and 1.37 for methods A and B, respectively. Both methods had a high AUC (0.92) (p<0.001). The number of suspected COPD cases was reduced from 98 to 33 and to 27 using methods A and B, respectively. The detection rate improved from 15.3% to 33.3% and 37.0%, respectively. The combination of the COPD questionnaire and peak flow meter can effectively detect moderate and more severe COPD and improve the detectability of COPD.
Impact of Industrial Robot Application on Labor Spatial Mobility
Authors: Wang Jing , Xie Xiangjie , Zeng Deyuan
Published: December 2024

With the widespread adoption of emerging automation technologies replacing manual labor in manufacturing, the question arises: has the advancement of industrial robot technology altered the spatial mobility of labor in China? Drawing on population census data from 2005 to 2015 and the International Federation of Robotics (IFR) database, this paper investigates labor mobility patterns at the city level in the context of machine automation, providing a novel perspective on labor mobility in China. The study reveals that the implementation of industrial robots significantly reduces the influx of migrant labor from other regions, with this negative effect primarily affecting medium-skilled workers. A heterogeneity analysis indicates that in cities with extensive industrial robot deployment, high trade openness, and large manufacturing sectors, the negative impact of industrial robots on the migration rate of non-local registered labor is more pronounced. Compared to other regions, the eastern region, as China's primary manufacturing hub, experiences a more substantial negative impact on the overall labor migration rate, while the western and central regions demonstrate positive effects. Further analysis reveals that the implementation of industrial robots, driven by shifts in labor skill demand, accounts for the observed skill heterogeneity in labor migration. Additionally, the deployment of industrial robots suppresses overall labor productivity in cities, thereby hindering the influx of migrant labor. To address the "machine replacement of human" trend driven by industrial robots, the government should adapt to the new technological realities of factor mobility, develop regionally differentiated policies that leverage local comparative advantages, and allocate appropriate social security and public services, such as education and healthcare, to promote the optimal allocation of labor resources, ensuring balance in China's labor market.
Spatial Transcriptomics of Perineural Invasion in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinomas
Authors: Nones Katia , Lakis Vanessa , Chan Noni , Lyons Ruth , Blackburn Nicola , Nguyen Tam , Chang Crystal , Masel Andrew , West Nicholas , Boyle Glen , Patch Ann-MArie , Gill Anthony
Published: December 2024

Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma (PDAC) has a high incidence of perineural invasion (PNI), a pathological feature of cancer invasion of nerves. PNI is associated with poor prognosis, metastasis, local recurrence and cancer pain. It has been suggested that interactions between nerves and the tumour microenvironment (TME) play a role in the PDAC tumorigenesis, however our ability to study these interactions in patient samples has been technologically limited. Here we used Nanostring GeoMx Digital Spatial Profiler to analyze the whole transcriptome of the cancer and nerve compartments in PNI and non-PNI foci from 13 PDAC patients. We identified previously reported pathways involved in PNI, including Axonal Guidance, ROBO-SLIT Signaling supporting the study approach. Spatial transcriptomics highlighted the potential role of nerve and cancer cells in PNI foci in influencing the immune landscape of the TME and suggested similarities between PNI and nerve injury-response. This study revealed novel pathways, Endocannabinoid and Polyamine metabolism, which may contribute to PNI and cancer pain. These findings require additional in vitro and/or in vivo investigations to dissect the mechanism that Endocannabinoids and Polyamines may play in PNI and cancer growth. These pathways can be targeted providing a potential novel approach to treat PDAC.
A predictive model for distinguishing non-low-risk patients from active surveillance candidates with papillary thyroid microcarcinoma
Authors: Wang Zhengmin , Zhang Yuhan , Xue Shuai
Published: December 2024

Objective:
We aim to introduce more objective indicators and establish a predictive model to improve the accuracy of preoperative diagnosis of low-risk papillary thyroid microcarcinoma (LR PTMC) in clinical practice.
Methods:
Non-LR independent risk factors were selected using a backward stepwise regression method. A nomogram was constructed based on the chosen independent risk factors, and the model accuracy, fit, and clinical value were evaluated by the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve.
Results:
After logistic regression screening, we identified the following independent risk factors for non-LR patients: male (2.608 [1.596, 4.238]); younger age (0.959 [9.356, 0.982]); non-clear boundary (11.445 [2.181, 212.610]); aspect ratio > 1 (0.500 [0.306, 0.818]); largest tumor diameter (14.561 [5.133, 42.426]); bilateral (1.534 [1.152, 2.635]); two cancer foci (1.777 [1.116, 3.138]); more than two cancer foci (3.617 [1.889, 6.878]); thyroid-stimulating hormone ≤ 1.22 (1.973 [1.233, 3.147]); absolute lymphocyte count > 1.96 (1.663 [1.033, 2.684]); neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio > 1.22 (1.933 [1.348, 4.461]); thyroglobulin antibody ≤ 1.64 (1.619 [1.105, 2.665]); thyroid peroxidase antibody ≤ 1.06 (1.443 [1.029, 2.339]). A nomogram was constructed based on these risk factors, and the ROC curve showed an area under the curve of 0.812 [95% (CI): 0.7652–0.8584].
Conclusion:
In this study, we developed and validated a predictive model to assist in the preoperative prediction of non-LR PTMC patients. This model contributes to the more accurate and objective diagnosis of LR PTMC for active surveillance, ultimately reducing the rate of missed non-LR PTMC cases and improving patient prognosis.
Accurate POI Recommendation for Random Groups With Improved Graph Neural Networks and Multi-negotiation Model
Authors: Song Xiaoyu , Liu Zhizhong , Meng Lingqiang , Chu Dianhui , Yu Jian , Sheng Quan Z.
Published: December 2024

In recent years, the growing prevalence of group activities has increased interest in Point of Interest (POI) recommendations for groups. While progress has been made in recommending POIs for fixed groups, research on personality-aware recommendations for random groups is relatively scarce. Moreover, existing works always recommend a POI list for the group, and let the group to make further choice to determine the optimal POI, which results in poor experience. To solve the above problems, this work proposes a model for Accurate POI Recommendation for Random Group with improved Graph Neural Networks and Multi-negotiation Model (termed as APRRGM). Specifically, APRRGM first produces the fitted feature of the random group based on members' personalities and members' POI interaction data. Then, APRRGM learns POIs' features from the bipartite graph of user and POI with an improved Graph Neural Networks (GNN) while considering members' personalities. Next, APRRGM recommends a POI sequence based on the fitted feature of the random group and the features of POIs. Finally, based on the recommended POI list and members' personalities, APRRGM determines the optimal POI for the random group with an improved multi-negotiation model. Extensive experiments has been conducted on three public benchmark datasets (Yelp, Gowalla and Foursquare), and experimental results have proved that APRRGM has better performance than that of other baseline models.
Trends in the global burden of multiple myeloma, between 1990 and 2021, an up-to-date analysis from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021
Authors: Hou Qianru , Li Xinyang , Ma Huanxin , Fu Di , Liao Aijun
Published: December 2024

Background
Multiple myeloma (MM) is a prevalent hematologic cancer. This investigation analyzes the latest global, regional, and national data from the Global Burden of Diseases (GBD), Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2021.
Methods
Data on the incidence, prevalence, disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), and mortality rates of MM, including estimates and 95% uncertainty intervals, were sourced from the 2021 GBD Study. Furthermore, we explored the trends affecting the MM burden from 1990 to 2021, breaking it down by demographic, age, and epidemiological factors.
Results
By 2021, the global incidence of MM involved 148,754.63 reported cases, with confidence intervals ranging from 131,780.43 to 162,049.23. Worldwide, the number of mortalities attributed to MM reached 116,359.63, with the confidence interval lying between 103,078.62 and 128,470.57, and an age-standardized mortality rate (ASR) of 1.37 per 100,000 individuals, the confidence interval for which was 1.22 to 1.52.
Conclusions
There has been a consistent increase in the incidence, prevalence, and DALYs associated with MM. Most of the disease burden is seen in high income countries though its incidence is on the rise in low-income countries. Forecast for the years 2022–2050 shows the further increase in the incidence, prevalence, DALYs, and age-standardized death rates of MM.
Enhanced Performance of Lithium-Ion Batteries with Lithium Bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide and Lithium Hexafluorophosphate Binary-Salt Electrolytes
Authors: Zeng Xiangbing , Gao Xiuling , Sun ZhengMing
Published: December 2024

Lithium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide (LiFSI) based lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) are known for their superior electrochemical performance; however, they are hindered by the severe corrosion of aluminum current collectors. This study extensively explores the effects of a Lithium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide and lithium hexafluorophosphate (LiFSI-LiPF6) binary-salt electrolyte on both the electrochemical performance and the aluminum corrosion in LIBs. These electrolytes increase in ionic conductivity as the LiFSI concentration rises. Graphite/LNCM cells using LiFSI show reduced resistance, enhanced rate performance, and greater cycling stability. A LIB featuring the LiFSI-LiPF6 (0.4 M LiFSI + 0.7 M LiPF6) binary-salt electrolyte achieves 86.8% capacity retention after 1800 cycles. Furthermore, no aluminum corrosion was detected after extensive high-temperature stability tests. Consequently, this electrolyte configuration offers a promising approach to improve the longevity and storage capabilities of LIBs.
Brain natriuretic peptide and all-cause mortality in patients with kidney failure and haemodialysis treatment
Authors: Svensson Maria K , Nassar Rita , Melin Jan , Lindberg Magnus , Furuland Hans , Stenberg Jenny
Published: December 2024

Background: Brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) is a biomarker secreted from the heart in response to fluid overload. In patients with kidney failure, inadequate fluid management during haemodialysis may cause fluid overload and overhydration (OH), risk factors for mortality. The aim of this study was to analyse the relationships among BNP, OH and all-cause mortality in patients with kidney failure and haemodialysis.
Methods: In this prospective observational study, five-year survival was analysed in 64 patients with kidney failure and haemodialysis. Univariate correlations were performed to analyse the relationships between BNP, OH, and all-cause mortality. Cox regression analysis was performed to adjust the relationship between BNP and all-cause mortality for selected baseline clinical and biochemical characteristics.
Results: By the end of the study, 33 patients (52%) had died. Age (r=0.38), BNP level (r=0.48), handgrip strength (r=-0.34), lean tissue index (r=-0.41) and CRP level (r=-0.34, p=0.007) were significantly associated with all-cause mortality. BNP was found to be a significant predictor of all-cause mortality (HR 3.1). However, after adjusting for age, sex, handgrip strength, OH and CRP, BNP was no longer a statistically significant predictor of all-cause mortality. Instead, age, handgrip strength and CRP were significant predictors of all-cause mortality (HR 1.04; HR 0.94 and HR 2.41, respectively).
Conclusions: In this study, BNP was correlated with all-cause mortality in patients with kidney failure and haemodialysis, but OH was not. When adjusting for other clinical and biochemical factors, age, inflammation, and handgrip strength were found to be independent and more important predictors of all-cause mortality than BNP.
Identification, comparism of GC/ MS analysis and cytotoxicity of volatile constituents of essential oils in stem, root and leaves of Dioclea reflexa found in South- West, Nigeria
Authors: Kareem Muili Mojisola , Oladimeji Abdulkabir Oladele
Published: December 2024

Dioclea reflexa is a plant from Fabaceae family which has been reported from previous studies to possesses pharmacological properties such as antioxidant and antiviral effects. However, no biological activity from its essential oil has been reported in literature. The aim of this work is to analyse the chemical constituents, cytotoxic activity and antioxidant capability of the essential oils from root, stem and leaves of the plant. Volatile oil was obtained via hydro-distillation using a Clevenger apparatus, and were subjected to GC-MS analysis on an Agilent 7809A. Cytotoxic assay was carried out using Brine Shrimp Test (BST), antioxidant assay was carried out using DPPH and FRAP. A total of 63 compounds dominated by 1,8-Cineole (11.9%), α-terpinyl acetate (7.30%) and Borneol acetate (6.37%) were found in the leaves, in the stem with α- terpinyl acetate (11.06 %), camphene (3.94%) and Borneol acetate (7.22%) dominated the compounds and in the root the major compounds includes 1,8-Cineole (6.04%), α-terpinyl acetate (6.78 %) and Borneol acetate (6.43 %). The oil obtained from D. reflexa root is more active than the oil obtained from leaves and stem with LC50 values of 1.0439, 1.8059 and 1.2826 µg/mL respectively. The oil from the leaves showed the least ferric radicals reducing ability with the value of 0.1950 mg Fe2+/g, while the stem showed the highest ferric radicals reducing ability with the value of 0.8751 mg Fe2+/g. The essential oil derived from the stem and root could be used in future application in the treatment of inflammatory diseases.
Understanding the Impact of Admissions Variables on Admissions Diversity: A Single Program Review
Authors: Bourassa Michael , Bourassa Allison , Mehta Saurabh
Published: December 2024

Introduction Health profession education serves as the initial pipeline for increasing healthcare workforce diversity. Physical therapy is notably lacking in diversity within the healthcare sector. Admission procedures for healthcare programs play a crucial role in diversifying student populations and, consequently, the profession. This study aimed to characterize applicants' demographic and educational profiles applying to a single accredited Doctor of Physical Therapy program and examine factors associated with admission outcomes.
Methods Retrospective data from 1,409 applicants who applied to the Doctor of Physical Therapy program between 2017 and 2022. Data from pre-admission applications encompassed demographic details, overall GPA, prerequisite GPA, GRE scores, average professional reference scores, and admission outcomes. Descriptive statistics were employed, including means, standard deviations, and frequency counts. An Independent Sample T-Test compared variables between minority and White applicants. Additionally, binary logistic regression analyzed the relationship between racial status and admission outcome, with odds ratios indicating significance at p<0.5.
Results Pre-admission cognitive factors varied significantly between White and minority applicants. Among admitted students, minorities tended to have lower GRE scores but higher KGPA scores than White students, with no significant difference in OGPA. Additionally, KGPA, reference scores, and residency status significantly influenced acceptance odds, while factors like GRE score, minority status, age, race, and gender did not impact acceptance rates.
Discussion and Conclusion A diverse healthcare workforce begins with a varied applicant pool. There is a shift towards holistic admissions, away from solely cognitive factors. Programs must balance cognitive and non-cognitive criteria to meet the needs of healthcare education and the broader population.
Enhancing Marine Wildlife Observations: The Application of Tethered Balloon Systems and Advanced Imaging Sensors for Sustainable Marine Energy Development
Authors: Amerson Alicia , Dexheimer Darielle
Published: December 2024

This study investigates the capabilities of a tethered balloon system (TBS) for detecting and monitoring marine wildlife, primarily focusing on gray whales (Eschrichtius robustus) and various avian species. Over 55.7 h of aerial and surface footage were collected, yielding significant findings regarding the detection rates of marine mammals and seabirds. A total of 59 gray whale, 100 avian, and 6 indistinguishable marine mammal targets were identified by the airborne TBS, while surface-based observations recorded 1,409 gray whales, 1,342 avian targets, and several other marine mammals. When the airborne and surface cameras were operating simultaneously, 21% of airborne whale and 34% of airborne avian detections were captured with the airborne TBS camera and undetected with the surface-based camera. The TBS was most effective at altitudes between 50 to 200 m above ground, with variable-pitch scanning patterns providing superior detection of whale blows compared to fixed-pitch and loitering methods. Notably, instances of airborne detections not corroborated by surface observations underscore the benefits of combining aerial monitoring with traditional survey techniques. Additionally, the integration of machine-learning (ML) algorithms into video analysis enhances our capacity for processing large datasets, paving the way for real-time wildlife monitoring. Of the total number of blows detected by an ML algorithm, the percentage of blows identified by a human analyst was greater than that uniquely detected by the algorithm. Notably, more unique detections by the ML algorithm occurred during daylight, suggesting that sun artifacts may hinder human detection performance, thereby highlighting the added value of ML under these conditions. This research lays the groundwork for future studies in marine biodiversity monitoring, emphasizing the importance of innovative aerial surveillance technologies and advanced imaging methodologies in understanding species behavior and informing conservation strategies for sustainable marine energy, offshore wind development, and other marine resource management efforts.
Insights into the blood, gut, and oral microbiomes of myocardial infarction patients
Authors: Khan Ikram , Khan Imran , Xie Ping , Xiaohui Yu , Lei Shengnan , Song Tianzhu , Li Zhiqiang , Xie Xiaodong
Published: December 2024

Background
A growing body of evidence links shifts in blood microbial composition with cardiovascular diseases, particularly myocardial infarction (MI). Recent studies have raised questions regarding a core blood microbiome's existence, positing that microbes may translocate from the gut or oral cavities into the bloodstream. To test this hypothesis, here we examined the blood, gut, and oral microbiome composition in a cohort of MI patients and healthy people (HP).
Methods
A total of 144 samples were collected from 48 participants, including blood, stool, and saliva from 24 HP and 24 MI patients. The samples were then analyzed using 16S rRNA gene sequencing to achieve comprehensive microbial profiling.
Results
Our findings revealed significant shifts in the gut and oral microbiome composition between both groups. Notably, MI patients exhibited a distinct increase in the abundance of Selenomonadaceae, Enterobacterales, and Dialister within their gut microbiota. Similarly, their oral microbiomes showed elevated levels of Actinobacteriota, Streptococcaceae, Micrococcaceae, Coriobacteriaceae, and the genera Streptococcus, Rothia, and Granulicatella. Our findings also revealed potential associations between specific bacteria and MI markers. Gut bacteria such as Lachnospirales, Clostridia, Enterobacterales, Selenomonadaceae, Bifidobacteriales, Bifidobacterium, Lachnospiraceae, and Blautia, along with oral bacteria like Fusobacteriaceae, Fusobacterium, Fusobacteriales, and Fusobacteria, show links to MI markers including triglycerides, LDL, neutrophils, hemoglobin, uric acid, fasting blood glucose, platelets, and total cholesterol. Conversely, analyses of the blood microbiome revealed no notable distinctions in alpha diversity, beta diversity, or predicted functional pathways between the groups.
Conclusion
This study identifies distinct shifts in the gut and oral microbiomes of MI patients, with specific bacteria linked to key MI markers, underscoring a potential gut-oral-cardiovascular axis in disease progression. The lack of unique blood microbiome signatures supports microbial translocation rather than a stable blood microbiome, highlighting the gut and oral microbiota as key players in cardiovascular health.
Efficacy of hydration combined with rectal non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) versus NSAIDs alone for the prevention of post-endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography pancreatitis: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Li Huimin , Miao Changfeng , Fang Wei , Deng Yuan , Li Xiong , Du Ting , Tian Hongwei
Published: December 2024

Background
The most prevalent complication of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) is post-ERCP acute pancreatitis (PEP). Both hydration and rectal non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) can effectively prevent PEP; however, the effect of combined treatment is currently highly controversial.
Methods
The PubMed/Medline, Web of Science, Embase, Cochrane Library and Chinese Biomedical Literature Database (last updated in April 2024) were systematically searched to identify and screen potentially eligible studies, from which relevant data were extracted, Review Manager 5.3 was used for meta-analysis to determine the preventive utility of hydration + rectal NSAIDs for PEP.
Results
Eight studies comprising 3467 patients were included in the meta-analysis. Patients were divided into 2 groups (hydration + NSAIDs [n=1651] and NSAIDs alone [n༝1816], a total of 210 patients experienced PEP (hydration + NSAIDs [n༝84] and NSAIDs alone [n༝126]). Results of meta-analysis revealed a significant difference in the incidence of PEP between patients receiving rectal NSAIDs + hydration versus rectal NSAIDs alone (odds ratio [OR] 0.71, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.53–0.94; P = 0.02).
Conclusion
Compared with rectal NSAIDs alone, hydration + NSAIDs significantly reduce the incidence of PEP.