bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Three‐Dimensional (3D) Framework of Freestanding Vanadium Nitride Nanowires for Dendrite‐Free and Long Life‐Span Lithium Metal Anodes
Authors: Feng Xiaoyu , Huang Xian , Gao Biao
Published: September 2023

Lithium (Li) metal is a promising anode candidate for high‐energy‐density batteries owing to its high theoretical capacity and low electrochemical potential. However, uneven Li nucleation, uncontrollable dendritic growth, infinite voltage change and even safety issues hinder its commercial application. Herein, a three‐dimensional (3D) framework of freestanding vanadium nitride nanowires (VN NWs) is established as Li host for dendrite‐free Li metal anode. A lithiophilic Li3N interlayer which in situ formed by the surface reaction between molten Li and VN NWs is utilized to guide a uniform Li nucleation and deposition within the skeleton, as well as avoid the dendrite formation. Meanwhile, VN NWs can decrease local current density, homogenize Li‐ion flux and accommodate volume fluctuations of the anode due to its 3D structure with high electron conductivity. Thus, the corresponding composite Li metal anode delivers a long‐life span of 500 cycles (1000 h) at a current density of 0.5 mA cm−2, and exhibits lower nucleation over‐potential and voltage hysteresis at different current densities from 0.5~5 mA cm−2 in carbonate electrolyte. In conclusion, this work provides a new type of scaffold with both high electronic conductivity and excellent lithiophilicity for stable Li anodes.
Efficient cobalt oxalate synthesis process optimization via second‐order modifier adaptation with transfer learning
Authors: Chu Fei , Chai Guowei , Wang Jiachen , Jia Runda , He Dakuo
Published: September 2023

This paper proposes a second‐order modifier adaptation optimization based on the transfer model, which aims to improve the optimization efficiency. Although the traditional modifier adaptation strategy adds a bias to the model to meet the necessary condition of optimality (NCO), approximating only to the first‐order may neglect some key higher‐order information. Making use of as much higher‐order information as possible is an effective way to improve the efficiency of optimization. For this issue, by introducing the second‐order information into the modifier adaptation method to compensate the mismatch of higher‐order information during the optimization, the compensation of the mismatch between model and plant can get accelerated, thus improving the optimization efficiency. To overcome the difficulty of insufficient data for new process modelling, a process transfer model is also used to fit the relationship between manipulated variables and final product quality. The simulation study of the cobalt oxalate synthesis process shows that this strategy has better optimization efficiency.
Visible Light‐Induced [3+2] Annulation Reaction of Alkenes with Vinyl Azides: Direct Synthesis of Functionalized Pyrroles
Authors: Yang Ming , Wang Xin‐Yu , Wang Jie , Zhao Yu‐Long
Published: September 2023

Comprehensive Summary

A photocatalytic [3+2] annulation of alkenes with vinyl azides was developed under irradiation by visible light in the presence of organic dye photocatalysts. Broad substrate scope and high functional group tolerance were demonstrated by more than 50 examples. The reaction provides a novel and efficient method for the synthesis of polyfunctionalized pyrroles under very mild metal‐free conditions without other additives.
Effect of Lipid‐Lowering Drugs on Renal and Cardiovascular Outcomes in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease and Dyslipidemia: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Lin Yi‐Chih , Tsao Hsiao‐Mei , Lai Tai‐Shuan , Chen Yi‐Ting , Chou Yu‐Hsiang , Lin Shuei‐Liong , Chen Yung‐Ming , Hung Kuan‐Yu , Tu Yu‐Kang
Published: September 2023

The effects of lipid‐lowering drugs (LLDs) on cardiovascular and renal outcomes in patients with advanced chronic kidney disease (CKD) and dyslipidemia are not completely understood. We conducted a retrospective cohort study to evaluate the effect of LLDs on end‐stage kidney disease (ESKD), major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs), and mortality in adult patients with CKD stage 3b, 4, or 5, and dyslipidemia. Participants were recruited between January 1, 2008, and December 31, 2018, and classified as LLD or non‐LLD users; the final follow‐up date was December 31, 2020. The primary outcome was time to ESKD or death due to renal failure. Sub‐distribution hazard regression models adjusted for multivariables, including time‐varying lipid profile covariates, were used for the analysis. Among the 6,740 participants, 4,280 patients with CKD and dyslipidemia, including 872 using LLDs and 3,408 not using LLDs, completed the primary analysis. The multivariable analyses showed that LLD users had a significantly lower risk of time to the composite renal outcome (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR], 0.76, 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.65–0.89), and MACE incidence (aHR, 0.75, 95% CI, 0.62–0.93) than did non‐LLD users. After adjusting for time‐varying covariates of the lipid profile, there was a significant difference in the composite renal outcome (aHR, 0.78, 95% CI, 0.65–0.93) and MACEs (aHR, 0.77, 95% CI, 0.60–0.98). Among adult patients with advanced CKD and dyslipidemia, LLD users had a significantly lower risk of composite renal outcomes and MACEs than non‐LLD users. In addition to reducing lipid profile, the use of LLD is associated with renal and cardiovascular protective effects.
Association between dietary vitamin intake and mortality in US adults with diabetes: A prospective cohort study
Authors: Liu Wei , Cao Shuting , Shi Da , Ye Zi , Yu Linling , Liang Ruyi , Cheng Man , Chen Weihong , Wang Bin
Published: September 2023

Aims

To explore the association of dietary vitamin intake from food and/or supplement with mortality in US adults with diabetes.

Materials and Methods

This prospective cohort study was conducted on 5418 US adults with diabetes from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1999–2018. Vitamin intake from food and supplements was estimated via dietary recall. Sufficient intake from food or food + supplement was defined as ≥ estimated average requirement (EAR) and ≤ tolerable upper intake level (UL), insufficient intake, < EAR; and excess intake, > UL. Medium supplementary intake was classified as > median level and ≤75th percentile; low intake, ≤ median level; and high intake, >75th percentile, as reported by supplement users.

Results

A total of 1601 deaths occurred among the participants over a median follow‐up of 11.0 years. Cox regression analysis of the single‐vitamin model demonstrated that sufficient vitamin A and folate intake from food and food + supplement and medium vitamin A and folate intake from supplement; sufficient riboflavin, niacin, and vitamin B6 intake from food and food + supplement; and sufficient thiamin and vitamin E intake from food + supplement were significantly associated with reduced all‐cause mortality (all p < 0.05). In the multivitamin model, sufficient vitamin A and folate intake from food and food + supplement, medium vitamin A and folate intake from the supplement, and sufficient niacin intake from food and food + supplement were inversely associated with mortality (all p < 0.05).

Conclusions

Vitamin A and folate intake from food or supplement and niacin intake from food were significantly associated with reduced mortality in US adults with diabetes.
Evidences of differential methylation in the genome during development in the cactophilic Drosophila species
Authors: Santos Adriano S. , Ramos Ester S. , Valente‐Gaiesky Vera L. S. , de Melo Sene Fábio , Manfrin Maura H.
Published: September 2023

DNA methylation with 5‐methylcytosine (5mC) has been reported in the genome of several eukaryotes, with marked differences between vertebrates and invertebrates. DNA methylation is poorly understood as its role in evolution in insects. Drosophila gouveai (cluster Drosophila buzzatii) presents larvae that develop obligatorily in necrotic tissues of cacti in nature, with the distribution of populations in South America, and plasticity of phenotypes in insect–plant interaction. We characterize organisms at developmental stages and analyze variations at multiple methylation‐sensitive loci in pupae, and adult flies using methylation sensitive amplification polymorphism. We obtained 326 loci with CCGG targets in the genome of D. gouveai. Genomic regions with molecular lengths from 100 to 700 pb were most informative about methylation states. Multiple loci show differences in methylation‐sensitive sites (MSL) concerning developmental stages, such as in pupae (MSL = 40), female reproductive tissue (MSL = 76), and male reproductive tissues (MSL = 58). Our results are the first evidence of genome‐wide methylation in D. gouveai organisms.
Transgenerational plasticity in morphological characteristics and biomass of the invasive plant Xanthium strumarium
Authors: Liu Xinyue , Man Xiaozhen , Chen Meishan , Zhao Changxin , Liu Chuang , Tong Jialin , Meng Fanqi , Shao Meini , Qu Bo
Published: September 2023

Transgenerational plasticity (TGP) allows a plant to acclimate to external variable environments and is a potential mechanism that explains the range expansion and invasion success of some exotic plants. Most studies explored the traits of TGP associated with the success of exotic plant invasions by comparison studies among exotic, native, invasive, and noninvasive species. However, studies on the TGP of invasive plants in different resource environments are scarce, and the biological mechanisms involved are not well understood. This study aimed to determine the role of TGP in the invasiveness of Xanthium strumarium in northeast China. We measured the plant morphology of aboveground parts and the growth of three generations of the invader under different environmental conditions. The results showed that the intergenerational plasticity of X. strumarium was stronger under stress conditions. We found that the X. strumarium parent generation (F0) grown under water and/or nutrient deficiency conditions transferred the environmental information to their offspring (F1 and F2). The F1 generation grown under high‐resource conditions has greater height with larger crown sizes, thicker basal diameters, and higher biomass. Both water and nutrients can affect the intergenerational transmission of plant plasticity, nutrients play a more important role compared with water. The high morphological intergenerational plasticity of X. strumarium under a pressure environment can help it quickly adapt to the new environment and accelerate the rapid expansion of the population in the short term. The root:shoot ratio and reproductive and nutrient distribution of the X. strumarium F0 and F1 generations showed high stability when the growth environment of the F0 generation differed from that of the F1 generation. The stable resource allocation strategy can ensure that the obtained resources are evenly distributed to each organ to maintain the long‐term existence of the community. Therefore, the study of intergenerational transmission plasticity is of great significance for understanding the invasion process, mechanism, and prevention of invasive plants.
Copper‐Catalyzed α,β‐Regioselective (2+4) Cycloaddition of Propargylic Esters
Authors: Zhang Guo‐Ke , Wu Shu‐Fang , Zhong Chen , Liu Yu‐Qi , Wang Da‐Hua , Zhang Yu‐Chen , Shi Feng
Published: September 2023

A copper‐catalyzed α,β‐regioselective (2+4) cycloaddition of propargylic esters with o‐hydroxyphenyl substituted secondary phosphine oxides (SPOs) was established, which afforded a series of phosphorus‐containing six‐membered heterocycles in high yields. This reaction represents the first α,β‐regioselective (2+n) cycloaddition of propargylic esters via the intermediates of copper‐allenylidenes, which will enrich the chemistry of propargylic esters and copper‐allenylidenes. Moreover, this work also represents the first application of o‐hydroxyphenyl substituted SPOs as 1,4‐dinucleophiles in (2+4) cycloadditions, which provides a useful protocol for the synthesis of phosphorus‐containing six‐membered heterocycles with potential bioactivity.
Computational fluid dynamics of coronary arteries with implanted stents: Effects of Newtonian and non‐Newtonian blood flows
Authors: Ahadi Fatemeh , Biglari Mojtaba , Azadi Mohammad , Bodaghi Mahdi
Published: September 2023

This study introduces and compares computational fluid dynamics of Newtonian and non‐Newtonian blood flows in coronary arteries, with and without considering stents. Three blood flow models, including Newtonian, Carreau, and non‐Newtonian power‐law models, were simulated to investigate their effect, and the solution algorithm includes drawing the geometry, creating the desired mesh, and then simulating Newtonian and non‐Newtonian blood flow different models and comparing them with each other, is presented in the article. A Newtonian fluid model has been commonly used in the simulation of blood flow, whereas blood has non‐Newtonian properties due to the nature of a solution containing suspended particles. The goal of this research is to investigate the differences between the models built with Newtonian and non‐Newtonian fluid assumptions. In addition, a stent was designed and the effect of the stent on blood flow parameters was investigated for all three flow models, including Newtonian, Carreau, and non‐Newtonian power‐law models. Stents are medical devices that can be placed in arteries to open up blood flow in a blocked vessel. Stents can affect the wall shear stress. Knowing the slight deformation of the shear stress makes the importance of stent implantation and also helps to optimize the design of the intravascular stent, which can affect the occlusion of the vessels. The distribution of the velocity, pressure, and wall shear stress in all blood flow models with and without considering the effect of stents have been investigated and finally compared. Therefore, in general, the innovation of this article is to find the effect of implanted stents on blood flow parameters with different blood flow models, both Newtonian and non‐Newtonian. A comparison of Newtonian and non‐Newtonian flows showed that in the case of the Carreau non‐Newtonian model, the wall shear stress was higher. In addition, in the results of the geometric model with a stent effect compared to the geometric model without a stent effect, it is evident that there was a higher velocity and wall shear stress.
Remote detection of upland surface water storage capacity in deglaciated terrain
Authors: Van Dam Bea E. , Smith Sean M. C.
Published: September 2023

A notable characteristic of terrain in non‐urbanized deglaciated areas of northeastern North America is the microtopography created by processes related to surficial geology, deglaciation and mechanical disturbances to surface materials from excavating events, most of which are caused by tree throw in the modern landscape. The features are often on the scale of 1–4 m across and decimetres to a metre in depth, appearing as ‘puddles’ during intense or high‐magnitude precipitation events. Generalized storage capacity values have been summarized in textbooks for varied landscape conditions, but surprisingly little information is available about how microtopography and related surface water storage varies in dominant physiographic settings in deglaciated landscapes defined by slope, surficial geology and land cover conditions. The increasing availability of elevation data at a horizontal resolution of 2 m or higher has made it possible to remotely evaluate differences in terrain elevation and quantify upland surface water storage capacity from relatively small topographic depressions. Here, we describe and quantify these topographic features in several coastal and inland watersheds in the state of Maine (USA) with measurements of depression volume calculated from digital elevation models (DEMs) using a pit filling approach. Results show that microtopographic storage capacity varies with slope and land cover conditions in deglaciated terrain of northeastern North America. Basin‐average surface water depression storage capacity estimates range from ~4 mm to as low as 0.2 mm. Human interventions such as clearing land for agriculture are associated with lower microtopographic surface water storage capacity than forested landscapes in the region.
Examining the fire risk in London dwellings using the London Fire Brigade Incident database
Authors: Bonner Matthew , Caracci Leonardo , Rein Guillermo
Published: September 2023

Analysis of the Fire Brigade's database of fires in London between 2009 and 2020 provided insight into the level of fire safety in the city and how it varies across different types of dwellings and different levels of protection. Regarding the number of fires, fatalities, and injuries, fire safety in London has significantly improved on average over these years. However, average trends cannot analyze catastrophic fires with multiple fatalities, like at Grenfell Tower in 2017, as these events are too rare to form a suitable sample size. Dwelling fires are the most lethal in London: despite accounting for only 28% of fires, they lead to 87% of fatalities and 83% of injuries. The odds of a dwelling fire becoming fatal in London fell from 1 in 174 in 2009 to 1 in 208 in 2019, a decrease of 16%. The total number of fires has decreased over this period, and the number of fires where an alarm was raised has increased, suggesting that the prevention and detection layers of fire safety have improved, while our analysis suggests that the level of protection from the compartmentation and evacuation layers has remained constant over time. An analysis of the different layers of fire protection suggests that compartmentation was the most impactful layer, with a failure in compartmentation increasing the odds of a fire being fatal by 1.5 to 5 times. Overall, this analysis shows that the fire hazard to Londoners in general is low and the lowest since 2009; however, there is still a threat that should not be understated.
An adaptive, training‐free reduced‐order model for convection‐dominated problems based on hybrid snapshots
Authors: Zucatti Victor , Zahr Matthew J.
Published: September 2023

The vast majority of reduced‐order models (ROMs) first obtain a low dimensional representation of the problem from high‐dimensional model (HDM) training data which is afterwards used to obtain a system of reduced complexity. Unfortunately, convection‐dominated problems generally have a slowly decaying Kolmogorov ‐width, which makes obtaining an accurate ROM built solely from training data very challenging. The accuracy of a ROM can be improved through enrichment with HDM solutions; however, due to the large computational expense of HDM evaluations for complex problems, they can only be used parsimoniously to obtain relevant computational savings. In this work, we exploit the local spatial coherence often exhibited by these problems to derive an accurate, cost‐efficient approach that repeatedly combines HDM and ROM evaluations without a separate training phase. Our approach obtains solutions at a given time step by either fully solving the HDM or by combining partial HDM and ROM solves. A dynamic sampling procedure identifies regions that require the HDM solution for global accuracy and the reminder of the flow is reconstructed using the ROM. Moreover, solutions combining both HDM and ROM solves use spatial filtering to eliminate potential spurious oscillations that may develop. We test the proposed method on inviscid compressible flow problems and demonstrate speedups up to a factor of five.
Purification and characterization of a novel immunoregulatory peptide from Sipunculus nudus L. protein
Authors: Lin Haisheng , Li Wan , Sun Ruikun , Xu Cheng , Zhang Chaohua , Gao Jialong , Cao Wenhong , Qin Xiaoming , Zhong Saiyi , Chen Yibin
Published: September 2023

This study aimed to purify and characterize immunoregulatory peptides from Sipunculus nudus L. and to explore the underlying mechanisms. Ultrafiltration, gel filtration chromatography, and reverse phase high‐performance liquid chromatography (RP‐HPLC) were used to purify the peptide following enzymatic hydrolysis. Rates of lymphocyte proliferation and phagocytosis as well as nitric oxide (NO) production levels were used as indicators of immunoregulatory activity to screen the fractions. The amino acid sequence of the peptide, designated as SNLP, was identified as Arg–Val–Lys–Gly–Lys–Ile–Leu–Ala–Lys–Arg–Leu–Asn (RVKGKILAKRLN) by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS). Treatment with the synthetic SNLP increased the proliferation and phagocytosis of RAW 264.7 macrophages and promoted the secretion of tumor necrosis factor‐ɑ (TNF‐α), interleukin‐6 (IL‐6), interleukin‐1β (IL‐1β), and NO levels. The mRNA levels of these cytokines and iNOS were also increased by SNLP. Our results provide preliminary evidence suggesting that SNLP acts as a dual immunomodulatory peptide with immunostimulatory and anti‐inflammatory activities. In summary, SNLP derived from Sipunculus nudus L. is a potent immunoregulatory peptide and represents a potential functional food or immunoregulatory drug.
The effect of quercetin supplementation on clinical outcomes in COVID‐19 patients: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Ziaei Somayeh , Alimohammadi‐Kamalabadi Malek , Hasani Motahareh , Malekahmadi Mahsa , Persad Emma , Heshmati Javad
Published: September 2023

Coronavirus disease (COVID‐19) affects both the respiratory system and the body as a whole. Natural molecules, such as flavonoid quercetin, as potential treatment methods to help patients combat COVID‐19. The aim of this systematic review and meta‐analysis is to give a comprehensive overview of the impact of quercetin supplementation on inflammatory factors, hospital admission, and mortality of patients with COVID‐19. The search has been conducted on PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library using relevant keywords until August 25, 2023. We included randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing COVID‐19 patients who received quercetin supplementation versus controls. We included five studies summarizing the evidence in 544 patients. Meta‐analysis showed that quercetin administration significantly reduced LDH activity (standard mean difference (SMD): −0.42, 95% CI: −0.82, −0.02, I2 = 48.86%), decreased the risk of hospital admission by 70% (RR: 0.30, 95% CI: 0.14, 0.62, I2 = 00.00%), ICU admission by 73% (RR: 0.27, 95% CI: 0.09, 0.78, I2 = 20.66%), and mortality by 82% (RR: 0.18, 95% CI: 0.03, 0.98, I2 = 00.00%). No significant changes in CRP, D‐dimmer, and ferritin were found between groups. Quercetin was found to significantly reduce LDH levels and decrease the risk of hospital and ICU admission and mortality in patients with COVID‐19 infection.
Increased microglia activation in late non‐central nervous system cancer survivors links to chronic systemic symptomatology
Authors: Schoenberg Poppy L. A. , Song Alexander K. , Mohr Emily M. , Rogers Baxter P. , Peterson Todd E. , Murphy Barbara A.
Published: September 2023

Prolonged inflammatory expression within the central nervous system (CNS) is recognized by the brain as a molecular signal of “sickness”, that has knock‐on effects to the blood–brain barrier, brain‐spinal barrier, blood‐cerebrospinal fluid barrier, neuro‐axonal structures, neurotransmitter activity, synaptic plasticity, neuroendocrine function, and resultant systemic symptomatology. It is concurred that the inflammatory process associated with cancer and cancer treatments underline systemic symptoms present in a large portion of survivors, although this concept is largely theoretical from disparate and indirect evidence and/or clinical anecdotal reports. We conducted a proof‐of‐concept study to link for the first time late non‐CNS cancer survivors presenting chronic systemic symptoms and the presence of centralized inflammation, or neuroinflammation, using TSPO‐binding PET tracer [11C]‐PBR28 to visualize microglial activation. We compared PBR28 SUVR in 10 non‐CNS cancer survivors and 10 matched healthy controls. Our data revealed (1) microglial activation was significantly higher in caudate, temporal, and occipital regions in late non‐central nervous system/CNS cancer survivors compared to healthy controls; (2) increased neuroinflammation in cancer survivors was not accompanied by significant differences in plasma cytokine markers of peripheral inflammation; (3) increased neuroinflammation was not accompanied by reduced fractional anisotropy, suggesting intact white matter microstructural integrity, a marker of neurovascular fiber tract organization; and (4) the presentation of chronic systemic symptoms in cancer survivors was significantly connected with microglial activation. We present the first data empirically supporting the concept of a peripheral‐to‐centralized inflammatory response in non‐CNS cancer survivors, specifically those previously afflicted with head and neck cancer. Following resolution of the initial peripheral inflammation from the cancer/its treatments, in some cases damage/toxification to the central nervous system occurs, ensuing chronic systemic symptoms.
Broad subcutaneous emphysema with airway obstruction during robot‐assisted partial nephrectomy: A case report and literature review
Authors: Ono Akihiro , Nakamura Masaki , Hayashi Tomoe , Tsuru Ibuki , Izumi Taro , Kusakabe Masashi , Nakao Kazunari , Kashiwagi Masanori , Kume Haruki , Shiga Yoshiyuki
Published: September 2023

Introduction

Subcutaneous emphysema is a relatively common complication in laparoscopic surgery. However, airway obstruction secondary to subcutaneous emphysema is rare.

Case presentation

A 63‐year‐old woman with a 56‐mm left renal tumor underwent a robot‐assisted partial nephrectomy. The operative time was 155 min, the insufflation time was 108 min, and the estimated blood loss was 70 mL. The pneumoperitoneum pressure was maintained at 12 mmHg, except at 15 mmHg for 19 min during tumor resection. The end‐tidal CO2 was <47 mmHg throughout the procedure. Postoperatively, broad subcutaneous emphysema from the thigh to the eyelid was observed. Computed tomography revealed airway obstruction, and extubation was aborted. On postoperative day 1, emphysema around the trachea and neck improved and the intubation tube was successfully removed.

Conclusion

Both laryngeal emphysema and physical compression secondary to emphysema can cause airway obstruction. To reduce gas‐related complications, the risk of developing subcutaneous emphysema should be properly assessed during robot‐assisted laparoscopic surgery.
Determinants influencing SMEs in E‐commerce adoption through local government facilities in Indonesia: Mixed methods approach
Authors: Harmawan Bagus Nuari , Ridho Wahyu Fahrul
Published: September 2023

The entry of SMEs into the E‐Commerce network is influenced by various variables that can affect success in the business world. This study examines the determinant factors contributing to SMEs competing in the world of E‐Commerce. In addition, this study also examines several factors that can influence SMEs in entering digital market networks. This research uses a mixed method with an explanatory design approach. For the first stage, this study was analyzed using a quantitative approach by surveying 56 SMEs members of the Banyuwangi-mall.com E‐Commerce in Banyuwangi City, East Java Province, Indonesia. Quantitative data analysis was carried out by utilizing the Smart PLS 4 application. Furthermore, to carry out a more in‐depth analysis, a qualitative stage was carried out by conducting semi‐structured interviews with 13 SMEs owners who are members of Banyuwangi-mall.com E‐Commerce marketing. The study results show that the factors influencing SMEs to enter e‐commerce networks are regulatory support, competitor pressure, and the stability of information technology infrastructure. In contrast, the characteristics of the supporters/leaders and budget variables negatively influence the characteristics. The negative relationship between leader characteristics is caused by two things: the dominance of the role of creative houses and the lack of orders received by SMEs on the Banyuwangi-mall.com website. As for the budget aspect, the absence of a particular budget for SME activities in Banyuwangi-mall.com online marketing is the reason for needing a positive influence.
Do P‐glycoprotein Medications Alter the Risk of Ventriculoperitoneal Shunt in Adults with Hydrocephalus?
Authors: Grullon Jason R. , Koutsouras George W. , Onwumere Nneka F. , Lehmann David F. , Krishnamurthy Satish
Published: September 2023

Hydrocephalus is a disorder caused by excess fluid accumulation in the brain and results in brain damage with consequent cognitive and physical problems. This condition has no cure; the only treatment is brain surgery. Experimental data indicate that P‐glycoprotein (P‐gp) plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of hydrocephalus due to its function in clearing macromolecules from the brain. Numerous medications frequently used are classified as P‐gp inducers or inhibitors, and comprehending their effects may aid in attaining improved patient outcomes. Therefore, in this single‐center retrospective study, we examined the risk of the need for ventriculoperitoneal shunt placement over 10 years among 4588 adult patients with hydrocephalus not exposed to any P‐gp inhibitors/inducers or exclusively exposed to either P‐gp inhibitors or inducers. Our analysis shows that patients exposed to P‐gp inhibitors had a 3.2 times higher risk of requiring ventriculoperitoneal shunt surgery (P < .0001). In contrast, the relative risk was not significantly affected (P = .07) among those exposed to P‐gp inducers. Our findings indicate the need for caution when prescribing P‐gp inhibitors to patients with hydrocephalus. Additional studies using larger cohorts are required to confirm whether P‐gp inducers in patients with hydrocephalus can mitigate the risk of ventriculoperitoneal shunt.
Stimulus control of a social operant
Authors: Lattal Kennon A. , Okouchi Hiroto
Published: September 2023

Three pigeon dyads were exposed to a two‐component multiple schedule comprised of two tandem variable‐interval 30‐s interresponse time (IRT) > 3‐s schedules in the presence of different stimuli. Pecks to keys by both pigeons of a dyad occurring within 500 ms of one another were required for reinforcement under one tandem schedule (the coordination component), and such coordinated responses were not required under the other (the control component). The terminal link of each schedule ensured that the reinforced coordination response was an IRT > 3 s. Rates of coordinated IRTs > 3 s and total rates of coordinated responses (composed of IRTs > 3 s and IRTs ≤ 3 s) were higher in the coordination components than in either of two different control components in which coordination was not required for reinforcement. This difference in coordinated responses in the presence and absence of the coordination requirement under stimulus control transitorily deteriorated and then was reestablished when the relation between the stimulus and the coordination contingency or its absence was reversed. The results show coordinated responding to function as a discriminated social operant.
Total synthesis of [13C2]‐labeled phytosiderophores of the mugineic and avenic acid families
Authors: Kratena Nicolas , Draskovits Markus , Biedermann Nina , Oburger Eva , Stanetty Christian
Published: September 2023

We, herein, report the synthesis of 13C2‐labeled natural products from the mugineic acid and avenic acid family. These phytosiderophores (“plant iron carriers”) are built up from non‐proteinogenic amino acids and play a key role in micronutrient uptake in gramineous plants. In this work, two central building blocks are prepared from labeled starting materials (13C2‐bromoacetic acid, 13C2‐glycine) and further employed in our recently reported divergent, branched synthetic strategy delivering eight isotopically labeled phytosiderophores. The required labeled building blocks (13C2‐l‐allylglycine and a related hydroxylated derivative) were prepared via enantioselective phase‐transfer catalysis and enantio‐ and diastereoselective aldol condensation with a chiral auxiliary, respectively, both potentially valuable themselves for other synthetic routes toward labeled (natural) products.
Accuracy and precision of fixed and random effects in meta‐analyses of randomized control trials for continuous outcomes
Authors: Gnambs Timo , Schroeders Ulrich
Published: September 2023

Meta‐analyses of treatment effects in randomized control trials are often faced with the problem of missing information required to calculate effect sizes and their sampling variances. Particularly, correlations between pre‐ and posttest scores are frequently not available. As an ad‐hoc solution, researchers impute a constant value for the missing correlation. As an alternative, we propose adopting a multivariate meta‐regression approach that models independent group effect sizes and accounts for the dependency structure using robust variance estimation or three‐level modeling. A comprehensive simulation study mimicking realistic conditions of meta‐analyses in clinical and educational psychology suggested that imputing a fixed correlation 0.8 or adopting a multivariate meta‐regression with robust variance estimation work well for estimating the pooled effect but lead to slightly distorted between‐study heterogeneity estimates. In contrast, three‐level meta‐regressions resulted in largely unbiased fixed effects but more inconsistent prediction intervals. Based on these results recommendations for meta‐analytic practice and future meta‐analytic developments are provided.
The Application of Superior Laryngeal Nerve Block for Non‐Cough Laryngeal Hypersensitivity
Authors: Benninger Michael S. , Quinton Brooke A. , Tierney William S. , Gau Victoria L. , Nelson Rebecca C. , Hrelec Candace M. , Bryson Paul C.
Published: September 2023

Objective(s)

To investigate the effect of superior laryngeal nerve (SLN) block in patients with non‐cough complaints relating to laryngeal who have failed conventional medical therapy.

Methods

Retrospective chart review of 46 patients who underwent SLN block for non‐cough indications between July 2019 and March 2022 was performed. Demographics, comorbidities, and patient‐reported outcomes were collected. The primary diagnoses for this group included: odynophagia, throat pain, cervicalgia, muscle tension dysphonia, globus sensation, hyoid bone syndrome, and Eagle syndrome.

Results

The cohort underwent an average of 1.24 bilateral injections (range 0–7) and 0.87 unilateral injections (range 0–4). About 35 of 46 patients reported an average of 51.0% improvement in their symptoms, with the treatment effect lasting 7.60 weeks on average. On subgroup analysis, the patients with spasmodic dysphonia, odynophagia, and hyoid bone syndrome had the best percent improvement on average (75%–77.5%). Patients with globus sensation had the lowest percent improvement on average in response to this therapy, reporting only about 25%. Five patients experienced a mild adverse reaction immediately following injection which resolved spontaneously.

Conclusion

The use of in‐office SLN block for non‐cough disorders involving the larynx requires further study with larger sample sizes to better delineate the efficacy of these applications.

Level of Evidence

4 Laryngoscope, 134:1765–1768, 2024
Can ChatGPT be an author? A study of artificial intelligence authorship policies in top academic journals
Authors: Lund Brady D. , Naheem K.T.
Published: September 2023

Academic publishers have quickly responded to the impact of artificial intelligence (AI) tools on authorship and academic integrity. However, there remains a lack of understanding about AI authorship policies and the attitude of academic journals towards these tools. This study aims to address this gap by examining the AI authorship policies of 300 top academic journals during the period of late‐spring 2023. Over half of the journals examined have an AI authorship policy and guidelines for acknowledging AI usage in manuscript preparation. These acknowledgments are typically made in the methods or acknowledgement sections, although some journals have introduced a new, special section on AI usage. The study also found that AI authorship policies may differ depending on the publisher and discipline of the journal. Many publishers have adopted uniform AI authorship policies that are implemented across all journals that they publish. These results are useful for publishers, editors, and researchers who want to learn more about how academic journals are dealing with the emergence of large language models and other AI tools in scholarly communications.
Orthogonally Crosslinked Gelatin‐Norbornene Hydrogels for Biomedical Applications
Authors: Lin Chien‐Chi , Frahm Ellen , Afolabi Favour O.
Published: September 2023

The thiol‐norbornene photo‐click reaction has exceptionally fast crosslinking efficiency compared with chain‐growth polymerization at equivalent macromer contents. The orthogonal reactivity between norbornene and thiol/tetrazine permits crosslinking of synthetic and naturally derived macromolecules with modularity, including poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG)‐norbornene (PEGNB), gelatin‐norbornene (GelNB), among others. For example, collagen‐derived gelatin contains both cell adhesive motifs (e.g., Arg‐Gly‐Asp or RGD) and protease‐labile sequences, making it an ideal macromer for forming cell‐laden hydrogels. First reported in 2014, GelNB is increasingly used in orthogonal crosslinking of biomimetic matrices in various applications. GelNB can be crosslinked into hydrogels using multi‐functional thiol linkers (e.g., dithiothreitol (DTT) or PEG‐tetra‐thiol (PEG4SH) via visible light or longwave ultraviolet (UV) light step‐growth thiol‐norbornene reaction or through an enzyme‐mediated crosslinking (i.e., horseradish peroxidase, HRP). GelNB‐based hydrogels can also be modularly crosslinked with tetrazine‐bearing macromers via inverse electron‐demand Diels‐Alder (iEDDA) click reaction. This review surveys the various methods for preparing GelNB macromers, the crosslinking mechanisms of GelNB‐based hydrogels, and their applications in cell and tissue engineering, including crosslinking of dynamic matrices, disease modeling, and tissue regeneration, delivery of therapeutics, as well as bioprinting and biofabrication.
Hybrid Poly(β‐amino ester) Triblock Copolymers Utilizing a RAFT Polymerization Grafting‐From Methodology
Authors: Kasza Karolina , Elsherbeny Amr , Moloney Cara , Hardie Kim R. , Cámara Miguel , Alexander Cameron , Gurnani Pratik
Published: September 2023

The biocompatibility, biodegradability, and responsiveness of poly(β‐amino esters) (PBAEs) has led to their widespread use as biomaterials for drug and gene delivery. Nonetheless, the step‐growth polymerization mechanism that yields PBAEs limits the scope for their structural optimization toward specific applications because of limited monomer choice and end‐group modifications. Moreover, to date the post‐synthetic functionalization of PBAEs has relied on grafting‐to approaches, challenged by the need for efficient polymer–polymer coupling and potentially difficult post‐conjugation purification. Here a novel grafting‐from approach to grow reversible addition–fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymers from a PBAE scaffold is described. This is achieved through PBAE conversion into a macromolecular chain transfer agent through a multistep capping procedure, followed by RAFT polymerization with a range of monomers to produce PBAE–RAFT hybrid triblock copolymers. Following successful synthesis, the potential biological applications of these ABA triblock copolymers are illustrated through assembly into polymeric micelles and encapsulation of a model hydrophobic drug, followed by successful nanoparticle (NP) uptake in breast cancer cells. The findings demonstrate this novel synthetic methodology can expand the scope of PBAEs as biomaterials.
Market orientation, organizational performance, and the mediating role of crowdsourcing in knowledge‐based firms
Authors: Devece Carlos , Llopis‐Albert Carlos , Palacios‐Marqués Daniel
Published: September 2023

This paper establishes the relationships between market orientation and crowdsourcing in knowledge‐based firms for improving their organizational performance. By understanding the relationships among these variables, firms are in a better position to tackle complex business and innovation problems faster and at a lower cost. Results from the Spanish biotechnology and telecommunications sectors show the relevance of social networks for a better adaptation to rapidly changing markets and increasing competitiveness.
A venue‐based approach to understanding advocacy by environmental nonprofits
Authors: Kagan Jennifer A.
Published: September 2023

This article explores the advocacy tactics that nonprofit organizations use to influence environmental policy across five venues: legislatures, regulatory agencies, courts, ballot boxes, and governors' offices. The literature on nonprofit advocacy has grown in recent years, with studies highlighting nonprofits' use of inside and outside tactics, but studies do not consistently link tactics to venues. This article addresses this gap by exploring advocacy tactics within specific venues. Bringing venues to the forefront leads to new insights about nonprofit advocacy, along with why advocates choose certain venues and tactics. Data are based on semi‐structured interviews with 24 environmental nonprofits across three states: Colorado, New Mexico, and Oklahoma. Results illuminate dynamics of nonprofit advocacy including the prevalence of nonprofit reliance on inside and hybrid tactics, insights regarding layers of outside tactics, the roles and implications of advocacy in courts and ballot measures, and nonprofits' infrequent use of venue shifting strategies.
Impact of hospitalization for vaso‐occlusive crisis on health‐related quality of life in children with sickle cell disease
Authors: Vuong Caroline , Moussa Ibtissame , van Muilekom Maud M. , Heijboer Harriët , Rettenbacher Eva , Haverman Lotte , Twisk Jos , Fijnvandraat Karin , Eckhardt Corien L.
Published: September 2023

Background

Sickle cell disease (SCD) is characterized by vaso‐occlusive crises (VOCs) that impair the health‐related quality of life (HRQoL). The aim of this study is to evaluate the impact of hospitalization for VOCs on HRQoL in children with SCD over time.

Methods

In this longitudinal cohort study, children aged 8–18 years diagnosed with SCD at the Amsterdam UMC were included between 2012 and 2021. HRQoL was annually measured as part of standard care using the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory. The impact of hospitalization for VOC on HRQoL was evaluated using linear mixed models 3, 6, 9, and 12 months after hospitalization. The effect of frequency of hospitalization for VOC on HRQoL was evaluated over the last 12 months.

Results

In total, 94 children with SCD were included with a median age of 11.8 years (interquartile range [IQR]: 9–14). Thirty‐seven patients (39%) had been hospitalized for a VOC. Hospitalization for VOC led to a decrease of 3.2–4.8 points in total HRQoL compared to patients without hospitalization, most pronounced 3 months after hospitalization. Recurrent admission for VOC in the last 12 months was associated with a decrease of 2.3 points in total HRQoL (p = .04). The most affected subscale was physical functioning.

Conclusion

The adverse effects of hospitalization for VOC in children with SCD persist up to 12 months after hospitalization. After hospitalization for VOC, extra attention and support for its negative impact on HRQoL are recommended. This study also underlines the importance of systematically measuring HRQoL, allowing clinicians to intervene accordingly.
Application of sample displacement batch chromatography for fractionation of proteoforms
Authors: Hidayah Siti Nurul , Biabani Ali , Gaikwad Manasi , Nissen Paula , Voß Hannah , Riedner Maria , Schlüter Hartmut , Siebels Bente
Published: September 2023

Fractionation of proteoforms is currently the most challenging topic in the field of proteoform analysis. The need for considering the existence of proteoforms in experimental approaches is not only important in Life Science research in general but especially in the manufacturing of therapeutic proteins (TPs) like recombinant therapeutic antibodies (mAbs). Some of the proteoforms of TPs have significantly decreased actions or even cause side effects. The identification and removal of proteoforms differing from the main species, having the desired action, is challenging because the difference in the composition of atoms is often very small and their concentration in comparison to the main proteoform can be low. In this study, we demonstrate that sample displacement batch chromatography (SDBC) is an easy‐to‐handle, economical, and efficient method for fractionating proteoforms. As a model sample a commercial ovalbumin fraction was used, containing many ovalbumin proteoforms. The most promising parameters for the SDBC were determined by a screening approach and applied for a 10‐segment fractionation of ovalbumin with cation exchange chromatography resins. Mass spectrometry of intact proteoforms was used for characterizing the SDBC fractionation process. By SDBC, a significant separation of different proteoforms was obtained.
Aspects of Kink‐Like Structures in 2D Dilaton Gravity
Authors: Lima Francisco Cleiton E. , Almeida Carlos Alberto S.
Published: September 2023

The topological structures that arise from two‐dimensional (2D) models are relevant physically and the first step toward understanding more complex systems. In this work, one studies the kink‐like solutions of the matter field that emerge in a 2D dilaton gravity scenario. Considering this scenario, the linear stability of the matter field and the translational mode is examined. Due to the specific profile of the solutions found, a differential configurational complexity (DCC) analysis of the system is necessary to confirm the nature of the structures. Furthermore, the interforce and scattering process is studied, considering a pair of kink‐antikink‐like solutions in a fixed time ().
PDB‐BRE: A ligand–protein interaction binding residue extractor based on Protein Data Bank
Authors: Chen Shutao , Yan Ke , Liu Bin
Published: September 2023

Proteins typically exert their biological functions by interacting with other biomolecules or ligands. The study of ligand–protein interactions is crucial in elucidating the biological mechanisms of proteins. Most existing studies have focused on analyzing ligand–protein interactions, and they ignore the additional situational of inserted and modified residues. Besides, the resources often support only a single ligand type and cannot obtain satisfied results in analyzing novel complexes. Therefore, it is important to develop a general analytical tool to extract the binding residues of ligand–protein interactions in complexes fully. In this study, we propose a ligand–protein interaction binding residue extractor (PDB‐BRE), which can be used to automatically extract interacting ligand or protein‐binding residues from complex three‐dimensional (3D) structures based on the RCSB Protein Data Bank (RCSB PDB). PDB‐BRE offers a notable advantage in its comprehensive support for analyzing six distinct types of ligands, including proteins, peptides, DNA, RNA, mixed DNA and RNA entities, and non‐polymeric entities. Moreover, it takes into account the consideration of inserted and modified residues within complexes. Compared to other state‐of‐the‐art methods, PDB‐BRE is more suitable for massively parallel batch analysis, and can be directly applied for downstream tasks, such as predicting binding residues of novel complexes. PDB‐BRE is freely available at http://bliulab.net/PDB-BRE.