bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A COVID-19 Hub for Zimbabwe
Authors: Matingo Kumbirai
Published: January 2022

Like the rest of the world, Zimbabwe has been suffering from the effects and conditions associated with the Coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic since March 2020. Throughout this period, citizens require information, knowledge, and understanding about the virus including the measures that have been implemented by the government in the fight against the pandemic. Decision-makers need data analytics to make informed decisions on policies and moreover, tech persons also require resources that can assist them in building solutions in the fight against the pandemic in this technology era.The COVID-19 Hub for Zimbabwe house’s location-based, informative, raw data and analytical resources that help the citizens, decision-makers, and persons in the technical fields to fight against this deadly virus which has claimed more lives over the past year. Citizens can also easily find resources using location intelligent applications contained within the hub (i.e., Vaccine Finders and COVID-19 Testing Centres). The solutions include dashboards, raw datasets, and visual informative tools for the republic of Zimbabwe. Moreover, through the ArcGIS API, we have managed to share external integration which leverages our data and resources into other innovative solutions by the Youth in Zimbabwe to promote and use Information Communication Technology (ICT) in the fight against COVID-19.
Meta-evaluation in Primary Health Care Evaluative Studies: a Scoping Review
Authors: Junior Osvaldo de Goes Bay , Silva Cícera Renata Diniz Vieira , Lopes Rayssa Horácio , Martiniano Cláudia dos Santos , Fuentealba-Torres Miguel , Arcêncio Ricardo Alexandre , Uchôa Severina Alice da Costa
Published: January 2022

Background: The evaluation of health policies and programs expanded in both practical and theoretical-methodological fields, with a strong influence on health system quality, decisions of managers, sustainability, and improvement of the primary care services. However, guaranteeing the qualification and credibility of the evaluation processes using meta-evaluations is a huge challenge for evaluators. This review aimed to map meta-evaluation use in Primary Health Care evaluative studies.Methods: We conducted a scoping review based on the Joanna Briggs Institute manual and guided by PRISMA Extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR). A systematic and comprehensive three-step search was performed in January and February 2021 in multidisciplinary health science databases and gray literature. No limits concerning publication dates were set. Data extraction and eligibility were performed by two independent authors and interpreted using thematic analysis. The themes were collated, and a narrative summary of the findings reported.Results: There were 11,641 potential studies identified from the search, finally, 23 studies were included in the analysis. Four thematic groups were identified: search results; characteristics of the included studies; meta- evaluation type, involved stakeholders, and Evaluative standards applied; potentialities and challenges in the meta-evaluation primary health care. Most were summative meta-evaluations focusing on health programs and primary care management and followed the quality standards of the Joint Committee on Standards for Educational Evaluation. We observed low involvement of service users and active participation of managers, health professionals, researchers like stakeholders. We also highlight the importance of formative and democratic meta-evaluations expanding the use of evaluations.Conclusion: Results showed the potential and challenges of using meta-evaluation in primary health care during or when the evaluations have been completed. Highlighted the importance of permanent and systematic analysis of the quality of evaluations. Meta-evaluators have the technical responsibility of the evaluation process, stimulus to the action of those involved, and decision-making capacity. There is a paucity of published literature on meta-evaluation in primary health care. Hence, further studies are recommended to qualify the processes and results of the evaluations capable of contributing to the improvement and qualification of public policies and health practices.
Bronchial Artery Embolization for the Management of Frequent Hemoptysis Caused by Bronchiectasis
Authors: Lu Guang-Dong , Yan Hai-Tao , Zhang Jin-Xing , Liu Sheng , Shi Hai-Bin , Zu Qing-Quan
Published: January 2022

Background: To retrospectively evaluate effectiveness of bronchial artery embolization (BAE) for the treatment of frequent hemoptysis caused by bronchiectasis, comparing with patients treated with conservative therapy.Methods: From January 2015 to December 2019, consecutive patients who admitted due to frequent (more than three times per year) bronchiectasis-related hemoptysis was retrospectively reviewed. They who treated with either BAE (n=69) or conservative therapy (n=47) were enrolled for analysis. Technical success, clinical success, and complications of BAE procedure were evaluated. Long-term hemoptysis-free survival rates were compared between the patients in BAE group with clinical success and the patients in conservative group. Cox proportional hazard regression model was used to identify the predictors of recurrent hemoptysis.Results: Technical success rate was 100% for BAE procedure and clinical success was achieved in 92.8% (64 of 69) of cases. No procedure-related major complication occurred and minor complications were observed in 16 cases (23.2%). The 1-, 2-, and 3-year hemoptysis-free survival rates were 88.3%, 71.3%, and 66.2%, for BAE group and 31.9%, 17.6%, and 2.5%, for conservative treatment group, respectively (P < 0.001). Multivariate analysis showed that BAE was a protective factor of recurrent hemoptysis in these patients. In addition, the presence of cystic bronchiectasis was the only independent risk factor for re-bleeding in the whole population and in BAE group. Conclusions: BAE could provide an effective option for these frequent bronchiectasis-related hemoptysis patients, especially for those patients without cystic bronchiectasis.
Selection for Yield Over Five Decades Favored an Isohydric and Phenological Adaptations to Early-Season Drought in Australian Wheat
Authors: Palta Jairo A. , Khan Faisal , Feng Yupeng , Chen Yinglong , Sadras Victor O , Siddique Kadambot H.M.
Published: January 2022

Background and Aims: Climate change in the Mediterranean-climate region of Australia is reducing growing season rainfall and delaying first autumn rain or the onset of ‘autumn break’. We tested the hypothesis that selection for yield and agronomic adaptation has favored traits for early season drought a in Australian wheat (Triticum aestivum L.).MethodsTen wheat varieties released between 1958 and 2012 were grown in 1.0 m deep columns in a glasshouse. After sowing in dry soil, the equivalent of 25 mm rainfall was supplied, with no subsequent watering provided for 32 days to induce early season drought. We measured soil and plant water status, gas exchange, shoot and root traits at the end of drought (32 days after sowing) and at anthesis, and grain yield at maturity.ResultsGrain yield increased with year of release at 0.43% yr−1 under well-watered conditions and at 0.35% yr−1 under drought. The improved yield under drought was associated with a shorter time to flowering, and a shift from isohydric behavior in older varieties (i.e., reduced stomatal conductance in response to drought) to anisohydric behavior in newer varieties that reduced leaf area and maintained higher stomatal conductance and higher photosynthesis per unit leaf area.ConclusionsDirect selection for yield and agronomic adaptation between 1958 and 2012 has improved adaptation to early-season drought. Our collection of varieties is an interesting model to probe for variation in drought tolerance.
Differential water-use strategies in co-occurring pioneers and late-successional tree species in secondary tropical montane forests of Eastern Himalaya
Authors: Kumar Manish , Bhutia Yangchenla , Joseph Gladwin , Krishnaswamy Jagdish
Published: January 2022

Plant-water relations in secondary tropical montane forests (TMFs) are driven by complex interactions between environmental conditions, species composition, and forest structure. We investigated the differential water-use strategies of cooccurring pioneers and late-successional tree species in a secondary TMF of Eastern Himalaya, India. It is the wettest (mean annual precipitation = 4500 mm yr -1 ) high-elevation (> 2000 m) site in the world. The observed maximum daily stand transpiration (5.3 mm) is highest among other tropical montane or lowland forests. Although energy-limited, increased moisture availability allowed the observed sap flux densities from the studied species, Symplocos racemosa, Eurya acuminata, and Castanopsis racemosa , to be 3-9 times higher than their conspecifics from relatively drier TMFs. Interestingly, differential access to solar radiation, a characteristic of the forest canopy in secondary forests, induced significant radial and azimuthal variability in sap flow. Solar radiation was the key driver of transpiration in energy-limited winters and Vapour pressure deficit in energy-abundant summers. Nocturnal (1800-0500h) transpiration was significant (13.8%) part of daily T and was dominated by pre-dawn flux. Shallow-rooted pioneers, S. racemosa and E. acuminata , exhibited strong midday depression in sap flow in response to environmental extremes and soil moisture fluctuations, whereas the deep-rooted late-successional C. hystrix transpired unaffected. The complex interactions between different successional groups for accessing changing energy and moisture conditions are highlighted for prioritized conservation and management of these secondary forests in Eastern Himalaya.
An experimental investigation on laser assisted waterjet microgrooving of GaAs wafer
Authors: Duan Lingyun , Huang ChuanZhen , Liu Dun , Yao Peng , Liu Hanlian , Bai Xiaolan
Published: January 2022

Gallium arsenide (GaAs), the most extensively used compound semiconductor material, has historically been difficult to manufacture in wafer fabrication due to its brittle property. A unique method called laser assisted waterjet (LAW) has been developed and utilized to micromachining brittle and fragile materials. The inclined waterjet expels the material heated and softened by the laser and aids in cooling to reduce thermal damage during the machining process. It has a lot of potential as a micromachining tool for GaAs wafers. In this study, microgrooves on GaAs wafers are machined using dry laser, low-pressure waterjet assisted laser (LWAL), and LAW technology. In comparison to dry laser and LWAL, LAW technology can process high-quality grooves with maximum depth, minimal thermal damage, and the maximum depth to width ratio, making it suitable for GaAs wafer micromachining. The mechanism for material removal in GaAs LAW processing is discussed, and it can be concluded that the majority of the material is removed by the impact of the high-pressure waterjet when it reaches the decomposition temperature below the melting point. A full-factorial experiment is carried out on GaAs wafers using LAW technology. The results show that six process parameters, including laser power, waterjet pressure, traverse speed, inclination angle, focal plane position, and processing times, have significant effects on groove depth, groove width, and material removal rate. The groove depth, groove width, and material removal rate is increased with an increase in term of laser power. More energy is wasted when the waterjet pressure is increased, resulting in a reduction in groove depth, groove width, and material removal rate.
Diagnostic Value of 18 F-NOTA-FAPI PET/CT in A Rat Model of Radiation-induced Lung Damage
Authors: Qin Xueting , Wang Shijie , Liu Xiaoli , Duan Jinghao , Cheng Kai , Mu Zhengshuai , Jia Jing , Wei Yuchun , Yuan Shuanghu
Published: January 2022

Background: In this study, we explore the diagnostic value of a novel PET/CT imaging tracer that specifically targets fibroblast activation protein (FAP), 18F-NOTA-FAPI, in a radiation induced lung damage (RILD) rat model. Methods: High focal radiation (40, 60, or 90 Gy) was administered to a 5-mm diameter area of the right lung in Wistar rats for evaluation of RILD induction. Lung tissues exposed to 90 Gy radiation were scanned with 18F-NOTA-FAPI PET/CT and with 18F- FDG. Dynamic 18F-NOTA-FAPI PET scanning was performed on day 42 post-irradiation. After in vivo scanning, lung cryosections were prepared for autoradiography, hematoxylin and eosin (HE) and immunohistochemical (IHC) staining. Results: An animal model of RILD was established and validated by histopathological analysis. On 18F-NOTA-FAPI PET, RILD was first observed on days 42, 35 and 7 in the 40, 60 and 90 Gy groups, respectively. After treatment with 90 Gy, 18F-NOTA-FAPI uptake in an area of RILD emerged on day 7 (0.65±0.05 %ID/ml) and reappeared on day 28 (0.81±0.09 %ID/ml), remaining stable for 4–6 weeks. Autoradiography and HE staining IHC staining revealed that 18F-NOTA-FAPI accumulated mainly in the center of the irradiated area. IHC staining confirmed the presence of FAP+ macrophages in the RILD area, while FAP+ fibroblasts were observed in the peripheral area of irradiated lung tissue. Conclusion:18F-NOTA-FAPI represents a promising radiotracer for in vivo imaging of RILD in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Noninvasive imaging of FAP may potentially aiding in the clinical management of radiotherapy patients.
Phylogenetic relationship and biogeography of the genus Diestramima, a cave cricket endemic to the Oriental realm (Rhaphidophoridae: Aemodogryllinae)
Authors: Zong Jingsong , QIN YANYAN , SHEN CHUZE , HE ZHUQING , LI KAI
Published: January 2022

Background

Diestramima is only distributed in the Oriental realm, and mainly in China. Because they are apterous, these insects are good materials for studying biogeography. In this study, we reconstruct the phylogeny tree of Diestramima species based on maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference based on six genes, and use fossil-based molecular dating and ancestral range estimation to reconstruct the dispersal route.
Results

The results of molecular system are highly consistent with the morphological characteristics of these species. At the subgenus level, it is difficult to give a reasonable explanation on the phylogenetic tree although we found that some groups share some common characteristics. Dating and historical biogeography analyses suggest an early Miocene origin of the genus. Some ancestors of the genus Diestramima have been distributed in Guangxi, Yunnan province and other regions of China at this time. In the late Miocene, the genus Diestramima dispersed from the low mountain and hilly areas of Guizhou, Guizhou and Hunan to inland China. Quaternary glaciation determines their current geographical distribution pattern. Southeast Asia is the most likely original place of the genus Diestramima.
Conclusion

In phylogenetic clades of Diestramima, similarity in geographic distribution is as important as similarity in morphological characteristics. Combined with the results of biogeographic analysis, the two temperature rises in the Palacocene and Miocene may have intensified the dispersal of the ancestors of the genus Diestramima in the Oriental realm. The temperature drop and the uplift of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau were the main reasons for the divergence within the genus Diestramima. In addition, changes in humidity and changes in surface plant communities are also important factors affecting their divergence.
A biomechanical comparison between cement packing combined with extra fixation and three-dimensional printed strut-type prosthetic reconstruction for giant cell tumor of bone in distal femur
Authors: Min Li , Hu Xin , Lu Minxun , Zhang Yuqi , Wang Yitian , Tu Chongqi
Published: January 2022

Background: The most common reconstruction method for bone defects caused by giant cell tumor of bone (GCTB) is cement packing combined with subchondral bone grafting and extra fixation. However, this method has several limitations involving bone cement and bone graft, which may lead to poor prognosis and joint function. A titanium-based 3D-printed strut-type prosthesis, featured with excellent biocompatibility and osseointegration ability, was developed for this bone defect in our institution. The goal of this study is to comparatively analyze the biomechanical performance of reconstruction methods aimed at the identification of better operative strategy. Methods: Four different 3D finite element models were created. Model #1: Normal femur; Model #2: Femur with tumorous cavity bone defect in the distal femur; Model #3: Cavity bone defect reconstructed by cement packing combined with subchondral bone grafting and extra fixation; Model #4: Cavity bone defect reconstructed by 3D-printed strut-type prosthesis combined with subchondral bone grafting. The femoral muscle multiple forces were applied to analyze the mechanical difference among these models by finite element analysis.Results：Optimal stress and displacement distribution were observed in the normal femur. Both reconstruction methods could provide good initial stability and mechanical support. Stress distributed unevenly on the femur repaired by cement packing combined with subchondral bone grafting and extra fixation, and obvious stress concentration was found around the articular surface of this femur. However, the femur repaired by 3D-printed strut-type prosthetic reconstruction showed better performance both in displacement and stress distribution, particularly in terms of the protection of articular surface and subchondral bone.Conclusions: 3D-printed strut-type prosthesis is outstanding in precise shape matching and better osseointegration. Compared to cement packing and extra fixation, it can provide the almost same support and fixation stiffness, but better biomechanical performance and protection of subchondral bone and articular cartilage. Therefore, 3D-printed strut-type prosthetic reconstruction combined with subchondral bone grafting can be an alternative method for the treatment of GCTBs in distal femur.
Urinary Albumin-Creatinine Ratio (UACR), Even within Normal Range, and Risk of Hypertension (HTN), Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM), HTN with T2DM, Dyslipidemia and Cardiovascular Diseases in the Chinese Population: A Report from REACTION Study
Authors: Wang Jie , Wang Yun , Li Yijun , Hu Ying , Jin Lingzi , Wang Anping , Wang Weiqing , Gao Zhengnan , Tang Xulei , Yan Li , Wan Qin , Luo Zuojie , Qin Guijun , Chen Lulu , Gu Weijun , Lyv Zhaohui , Mu Yiming
Published: January 2022

Background: Albuminuria has been widely considered as a risk factor for cardiovascular diseases (CVDs)，which is associated with hypertension (HTN), type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), HTN with T2DM and dyslipidemia. However, it is unclear the association between albuminuria and HTN, T2DM, HTN with T2DM, dyslipidemia and CVDs. Thus, this study is aimed to thoroughly explore the association of albuminuria, even within the normal range, with the abovementioned diseases in the Chinese population. Methods: This study included 40188 participants aged over 40 years from seven centers across China. Urinary albumin-creatinine ratio (UACR) was firstly divided into the ≥ 30 mg/g group, indicating kidney damage, and < 30 mg/g group. Furtherly, UACR was divided into five groups: the < 20% group, the 20–39% group, the 40–59% group, the 60–79% group and the ≥ 80% group, according to quintile division of participants within the normal range. Propensity score matching was used to reduce bias, and multiple logistic regression models were conducted to examine the association between UACR and HTN, T2DM, HTN with T2DM, dyslipidemia and CVDs. Results: Multivariable regression analysis revealed that UACR, even within the normal range, is significantly associated with HTN, T2DM, HTN with T2DM, dyslipidemia and CVDs, and the association between UACR and HTN with T2DM was most significant in model 3 even after adjusting for confounding factors (HTN: OR: 1.76, 95%CI: 1.65-1.88, P<0.0001; T2DM: OR: 1.98, 95%CI: 1.84-2.12, P<0.0001; HTN with T2DM: OR: 2.37, 95%CI: 2.19-2.57, P<0.0001; Dyslipidemia: OR: 1.08, 95%CI: 1.01-1.14, P=0.0154; CVDs: OR: 1.14, 95%CI: 1.02-1.27, P=0.0244). In the stratified analysis, high normal UACR was significantly associated with HTN, T2DM, HTN with T2DM, dyslipidemia in subgroups. Conclusions: We conclude the higher prevalence of HTN, T2DM, HTN with T2DM, dyslipidemia and CVDs in abnormal UACR and reveal a significant association of UACR, even within the normal range, with HTN, T2DM, HTN with T2DM, dyslipidemia and CVDs.
Formation of Bifunctional Cross-Linked Products Due To Reaction of NAMI-A With DNA Bases – A DFT Study
Authors: Shah Pramod Kumar , Shukla Pradeep Kumar
Published: January 2022

It is reported that NAMI-A and other Ru-anticancer complexes preferably bind with the N7 site of guanine and can also form DNA inter-strand cross-links. Therefore, in order to understand the DNA cross-link formation capability of NAMI-A, we have investigated here the structure and energetics of the reactions of the GN7-NAMI-A (a monofunctional adduct of NAMI-A with the N7 site of guanine) with the N3, N7 and O6 sites of guanine, the N1, N3 and N7 sites adenine, the O2 and N3 sites of cytosine and the O2 and O4 sites of thymine, using the M06-2X functional of density functional theory. It is found that the GN7-NAMI-A can form stable cross-linked products at all the sites studied here except at the N3 site of cytosine and O2 site of thymine. The calculated reaction free energies and reaction enthalpies indicate that the N3 site of adenine (AN3) and N7 site of guanine (GN7) are most exothermic among all the studied reactions. This study shows that NAMI-A would favorably form the cross-linked products involving the N7 site of guanine at one side and the N7 site of guanine or the N3 site of adenine at the other side.
Functional Outcome of Unstable Pelvic Fractures Treated in a Level III Hospital in a Developing Country: A 10-Year Prospective Observational Study
Authors: Chunteng Nana Theophile , ANGE NGO YAMBEN MARIE , PIUS FOKAM , MAHAMAT ALI , FREDDY BOMBAH , BOUKAR EKANI , KENNEDY MULUEM , MEFIRE CHICHOM ALAIN
Published: January 2022

Background: Unstable pelvic fractures are severe and life-threatening injuries with high morbi-mortality rates. Management of these fractures is a major challenge in orthopaedic practice in limited resource communities. The aim of this study is to evaluate the functional outcome of unstable pelvic fractures managed in a hospital with limited diagnostic and therapeutic facilities. Methodology: This was a hospital based prospective observational study carried out from 1st of January 2009 to 31st of December 2018 at the Limbe Regional, a level III health institution in the South West region of Cameroon. Results: A total of 68 patients were included in the study. The ages ranged from 18 to 80 years with a mean age of 39 ± 5 years. The average follow-up duration at the latest visit was 36 months (range 3–84 months). There were 59 cases that were evaluated. The overall average Majeed score was fair. Poor outcomes were noted in patients aged 60 years and above, those with co-morbidities, and those managed conservatively. Conclusion: although the functional outcomes following unstable pelvic fractures have improved with modernised diagnostic and therapeutic modalities, it is not the case in poor resource settings where the lack of these modalities make the management challenging, consequently affecting the functional outcome
Salidroside attenuates HALI via IL-17A-mediated ferroptosis of alveolar epithelial cells by regulating Act1-TRAF6-p38 MAPK pathway
Authors: Guo Baoyue , Zuo Zhongfu , Di Xingwei , Huang Ying , Gong Gu , Xu Bo , Wang Lulu , Zhang Xiaoyu , Liang Zhuang , Hou Yang , Liu Xuezheng , Hu Zhansheng
Published: January 2022

Background and Purpose: Hyperoxia-induced acute lung injury (HALI) is a critical life-threatening disorder characterized by severe infiltration immune cells and death of type II alveolar epithelial cells (AECII). However, little is known about the relations between immune cells and AECII in HALI. IL-17A is a pro-inflammatory cytokine mainly secreted by Th17 cells, contributing to the pathogenesis of various inflammatory diseases. The present study investigated the role of IL-17A in cell-cell communication between immune cells and AECII in HALI, and explored the therapeutic effect of salidroside (Sal, a natural anti-inflammatory agents) on HALI.Methods: Mice with HALI were induced by exposure to hyperoxia over 90% for 12 h, 24 h, 48 h or 72 h, and the optimal timing was detected by H&E and Masson staining. Ferroptosis was confirmed by detecting the levels of MDA, Fe2+ and GPX4, and the morphological alterations of AECII under transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The expression of pro-inflammatory cytokine, including IL-6, TGF-β1, IL-17A and IL-17A receptor (IL-17RA) were measured by Western blotting and immunohistochemical stanning. The ferroptosis-related Act1/TRAF6/p38 MAPK pathway was detected by Western blotting. The role of pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-17A for AECII ferroptosis, and the effect of Sal on HALI were investigated by administration of Y-320 (IL-17 inhibitor) and Sal respectively 3 days before mice exposed to hyperoxia.Results: Mice exposed to hyperoxia for 24 h suffered sufficient HALI with inflammatory cell infiltration and collagen deposition, and exhibited features of ferroptosis under TME. Meanwhile, compared with sham mice, mice exposed to hyperoxia showed down-regulation of GPX4, and up-regulation of IL-6, TGF-β1, IL-17A, IL-17RA, Act1, TRAF6, p38 MAPK and p-p38 MAPK. Moreover, inhibition of IL-17A with Y-320 or administration with Sal could reverse the effect caused by hyperoxia respectively. Conclusions: IL-17A is associated with immune cells infiltration in HALI, and contributes to ferroptosis of AECII that related to Act1/TRAF6/p38 MAPK pathway. Additionally, Sal protects against HALI throughout the whole pathogenic process.
Internal and External Validation of a Machine Learning-assisted Predicting Models for Mechanical Ventilation-associated Severe Acute Kidney Injury
Authors: Feng Cong
Published: January 2022

Background
The preventative and therapeutic strategies of mechanical ventilation (MV)-associated severe AKI are still limited. We developed clinical prediction models for early warning the occurrence of severe AKI in the first week of ICU during the initiation of MV.
Methods
Retrospective analysis of a large ICU database (MIMIC-IV). Data collection were based on the clinical information available on ICU admission and during the first 12 hours of MV. Predictors were selected successively using univariable and multivariable analysis. Two machine learning algorithms were compared for model development. The primary outcome was predicting the development of AKI stage 2 or 3 (AKI-23) and AKI stage 3 (AKI-3) in the first week of ICU stay after the initiation 12 hours of MV. The developed models were further external validated in another multi-center ICU database (eICU) and evaluated in different subpopulations of patients.
Results
Models were developed in the development cohort (MIMIC-IV: 2008-2016 n=3,986) and random forest performed better than logistic regression. In the internal (MIMIC-IV: 2017-2019, n=1,210) and external (eICU, n=1,494) validation cohort, the incidences of AKI-23 were 154 (12.7%) and 119 (8.0%), the AUCs were 0.78 (95% CI 0.74-0.82) and 0.80 (95% CI 0.76-0.84), respectively, while AKI-3 had the incidences were 81 (6.7%) and 67 (4.5%), the AUCs were 0.81 (95% CI 0.76-0.87) and 0.80 (95% CI 0.73-0.86), respectively.
Conclusions
MV-associated severe AKI can be predicted early with models driven by machine learning techniques based on routinely clinical information. The validated models are available at: https://apoet.shinyapps.io/mv_aki_2021_V2.0/
Optical pulse labeling studies reveal exogenous seeding slows α-synuclein clearance
Authors: Croft Cara , Paterno Giavanna , Vause Ava , Ryu Daniel , Goodwin Marshall , Moran Corey , Cruz Pedro , Giasson Benoit , Golde Todd
Published: January 2022

The accumulation of α-synuclein (α-syn) in intracellular formations known as Lewy bodies (LBs) is associated with several neurodegenerative diseases including Parkinson’s disease and Lewy Body Dementia. There is still limited understanding of how α-syn and the formation of LBs is associated with cellular dysfunction and degeneration in these diseases. To examine the clearance and production dynamics of α-syn we transduced organotypic murine brain slice cultures (BSCs) with recombinant adeno-associated viruses (rAAVs) to express Dendra2-tagged human wild-type and mutant A53T α-syn, with and without the addition of exogenous α-syn fibrillar seeds and tracked them over several weeks in culture using optical pulse labeling. We found that neurons expressing wild-type or mutant A53T human α-syn show similar rates of α-syn turnover even when insoluble, phosphorylated Ser129 α-syn has accumulated. Taken together, this data reveals α-syn aggregation and overexpression, pSer129 α-syn, nor the A53T mutation affect the protein dynamics of α-syn in this system. Prion-type seeding with exogenous α-syn fibrils significantly alters the kinetics of α-syn turnover, resulting in slowed clearance associated with the accumulation of anti-p62 immunoreactivity and Thiazin Red positivity. Prion-type induction of α-syn aggregation results in a more mature LB formation, pointing towards a potential protein clearance deficit in the presence of fibrillar seeds and the ease of this system to explore precise mechanisms underlying these processes. This novel BSC model system facilitates the exploration of α-syn protein dynamics over long-term culture periods. This platform can further be exploited to provide mechanistic insight on what drives this slowing of α-syn turnover and how therapeutics, other genes or different α-syn mutations may affect α-syn protein dynamics.
Interaction analysis of lipid accumulation product and family history of diabetes on impaired fasting glucose and diabetes risk in population with normotension in Eastern China: a community-based cross-sectional survey
Authors: Shu Li , Zhao Yingying , Shen Yanqi , Jia Linlin , Zhang Jiaye
Published: January 2022

Background: Lipid accumulation product (LAP) is considered to be a new convenient useful indicator to assess the visceral fat. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate the risk factors of impaired fasting glucose (IFG) and diabetes, and explore the possible interacting influences of LAP with other factors on the risk of IFG and diabetes among Chinese normotension adults.Methods: A multistage stratified cluster sampling method was conducted to select urban residents in Bengbu, China. For each eligible participant, data on questionnaire survey, anthropometric measurements and laboratory tests were obtained. The effects of body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), waist to height ratio (WHtR) and LAP for predicting IFG and diabetes were performed by multiple logistic regressions and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analyses. The interaction effects were evaluated by relative excess risk of interaction (RERI), attributable proportion due to interaction (AP) and synergy index (SI).Results: 6467 normotension subjects (2695 men and 3772 women) were enrolled in our study, the prevalence of IFG and diabetes were 9.37% and 14.33%, respectively. When assessed using ROC curve analysis, LAP exhibited higher diagnostic accuracy for identifying IFG and diabetes than BMI, the area under the AUC curve was 0.650 (95% CI: 0.637 to 0.662). After adjustment for age, sex, educational level and other confounding factors, multivariate logistic regression analyses indicated that subjects with the fourth quartile of LAP were more likely to develop IFG (adjusted OR: 2.735, 95% CI: 1.794-4.170) and diabetes (adjusted OR: 1.815, 95% CI: 1.297-2.541) than those with the first quartile. A significant interaction between LAP and family history of diabetes was observed in participants (RERI=1.538, 95%CI: 0.167 to 3.612; AP=0.375, 95%CI: 0.118 to 0.631; SI=1.980, 95%CI: 1.206 to 3.251). However, a significant interaction between LAP and abdominal obesity was indicated by the value of RERI (1.492, 95%CI: 0.087 to 3.723) and AP (0.413, 95%CI: 0.014 to 0.756), but not the value of SI (1.824, 95%CI: 0.873 to 3.526). Conclusion: Our results demonstrated that there might be synergistic effect between LAP and family history of diabetes on the risk of IFG and diabetes.
Survival Analysis of Recurrent Events on Women Breast Cancer: The case of Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital, Ethiopia
Authors: Biru Tashome Fenta , Akessa Geremew Muleta , Jabir Yasin Negash , Gurmu Selamawit Endale
Published: January 2022

Background
Breast cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancers worldwide. It is a cancer that develops from breast tissue and most common invasive cancer in women. Recurrent events data have been increasingly important in clinical studies where individuals experience an event more than once and it is a major clinical indicator, which represents the principal cause of breast cancer-related deaths. The aim of the study was to investigate determinants of the recurrence of breast cancer.
Methods
To reach the aim, 421 women with breast cancer were included in the study based on data taken from medical record card of patients enrolled starting from 1st January 2013 to 30th January 2019. A retrospective study has been applied to obtain data on women breast cancer that recorded in oncology department of Tikur Anbessa specialized Hospital. Unmeasured shared similarities due to the impact of multiple events were modeled using a random effect. Cox-PH model and Shared frailty model were used to identify which factor was significantly affecting the recurrence of breast cancer.
Results
From the total of 997 recurrent events, about 609 (61.1%) of them experienced recurrence of breast cancer. The shared log-normal frailty model was chosen as the best fit for this breast cancer data set based on the value of Likelihood cross validation criterion. From the result of shared log-normal frailty model age, stage of breast cancer, tumor size, histology grade, breast feeding and oral contraceptives were significantly associated with recurrence of women breast cancer.
Conclusion
generally shared log-normal frailty model shows that the stage (II, III, IV), tumor size ((3-5) cm, >5 cm), histology grade (poorly differentiated) and oral contraceptive were significantly increases the risk of recurrence of breast cancer. While, breast feeding was significantly decreases the risk of recurrence of breast cancer. It is recommended that policy maker, ministry of health and Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital are expected to make interventions based on these hazardous groups for recurrence of breast cancer.
The influence of the motivation theory on women startup enterprises in Kigali
Authors: Nsengimana Simon , Naicker Visvanathan
Published: January 2022

Achievement motivation refers to the attainment of business goals. An entrepreneur can receive a reward from the achievement motivation in terms of intrinsic or extrinsic rewards. However, due to cultural norms, stereotyping, and patriarchy, Rwandan women face difficulties when starting a business. Some women broke the glass ceiling and launched their businesses amidst many challenges.

A quantitative method guided this study. The survey collected 409 questionnaires from purposively selected women-owned SMEs in Kigali.

The findings indicate the challenges they faced, such as HIV/AIDS, a lack of entrepreneurship skills, and market opportunities. Despite the challenges they faced, their businesses performed well, which supported the theory of ‘achieve motivation’. This resulted in rewards, such as respect among family members, the community, and an improvement in their lifestyle, which is critical in Kigali.

This study provides novelty in discovering women’s SME achievements in Kigali based on motivation theories. 

The findings of this study provide a directive to policymakers to improve women-owned businesses under patriarchal environments in Kigali.
Preschool teachers and musically gifted children in Slovene kindergartens
Authors: Žnidaršič Jerneja , Sicherl Kafol Barbara , Denac Olga
Published: January 2022

The aim of the present study, which involved preschool teachers, was to explore the area of working with musically gifted children. In particular, we focused on the identification of musically gifted children and monitoring of their musical development, preschool teachers’ competence for working with children, and evaluation of factors important for the development of musically gifted children. Research results showed that the majority of preschool teachers: were able to identify musically gifted children; rarely monitored and documented children’s musical development systematically and did not acquire enough knowledge for working with musically gifted children during their formal and informal education. Among the important factors influencing the development of musically gifted children, preschool teachers pointed out motivation to work with musically gifted children, identification of musically gifted children, cooperation with music experts and parents, and implementation of additional musical activities.
Učiteljska procjena znanja o simptomima, etiologiji i tretmanu ADHD-a
Authors: Skočić Mihić Sanja , Sekušak Galešev Snježana , Kehonjić Selma
Published: January 2022

Cilj je studije bio utvrditi učiteljsku procjenu znanja o simptomima, etiologiji i tretmanu ADHD-a te njenu povezanost sa sociodemografskim obilježjima učitelja, obilježjima škole i učiteljevoj samoprocjeni općeg
znanja o ADHD-u. Prigodan uzorak činilo je 233 učitelja. Primijenjen je
Upitnik učiteljskih znanja o ADHD-u trofaktorske strukture: Simptomi, Etiologija i Tretman ADHD-a, odgovarajuće pouzdanosti. Učitelji poznaju važnost tretmana za akademske i socijalne ishode učenika s ADHD-om te simptome ADHD-a, dok iskazuju nedovoljno poznavanje etiologije ADHD-a. Prisutne su zablude u identificiranju uzroka ADHD-a u obiteljskim stresnim okolnostima. Učiteljska procjena općeg znanja o ADHD-u povezana
je s višom razinom znanja o simptomima i tretmanu, radnim mjestom učitelja razredne nastave, dok je viša razina znanja o tretmanu povezana
s nižom kronološkom dobi učitelja. Implikacije dobivenih nalaza ukazuju
na značaj stjecanja kompetencija učitelja za poučavanje učenika s ADHD-om tijekom inicijalnog obrazovanja i trajnog profesionalnog razvoja, kao i osiguravanja podrške stručnjaka edukacijskih rehabilitatora.
IWB integration in the school subject Science
Authors: Kovačić Ines , Čović Marina
Published: January 2022

This study investigates the integration of the interactive whiteboard (IWB) into Science teaching during the primary educational cycle and teachers’ perceptions about the use of the information and communication
technology (ICT) in the school subject Science. An online questionnaire
was distributed to Croatian schools in 2015/2016. A total of 104 teachers expressed their perceptions, 65 of them were from schools without an IWB, while the remaining 39 responded to our online questionnaire from schools with an implemented IWB. The results indicate
the higher usage of ICT in schools with an IWB compared to schools without an IWB. Teachers use IWBs and computers mostly once or twice per
week and DVDs once per week. Additional results pointed to the positive
teachers’ perceptions on technology in linking student motivation to outcome levels in science. The findings reveal the constant education focused on IWB integration, and internet and technical support as a starting point for an innovative practice in science. Future studies are
directed to the investigation of the use of technology in all schools in the Republic of Croatia.
La banalización del morir. Una aproximación a las políticas de la memoria histórica desde la perspectiva de Paul Ricœur y Hannah Arendt
Authors: Rúa Zarauza Begoña
Published: January 2022

La cuestión que se plantea es la relación que puede haber entre la crisis de legitimación de las sociedades contemporáneas, tras el declive de los grandes sistemas teóricos y metafísicos previos a la Ilustración, y la actual proliferación de las políticas de la memoria histórica. Apoyándose en los autores contemporáneos Paul Ricœur y Hannah Arendt, en este trabajo subyace la idea de que dichas políticas tratan de subsanar la ausencia de legitimación y, tal vez, de esperanza. Cabe preguntarse, en fin, si los cuerpos políticos están poniendo el acento en el verdadero bien supremo, que no es otro que la vida.
Espiritualidade Martirial: uma experiência de fé latino-americana
Authors: Carvalho da Silva Daniel
Published: January 2022

O presente artigo traz à baila uma reflexão teórico-narrativa acerca daquela que tem sido chamada «Espiritualidade Martirial». A conceituação sobre espiritualidade e martírio deu-se por meio de pesquisa exploratório-bibliográfica. A discussão central foi tecida em diálogo, sobretudo, com os estudos teológicos de Casaldáliga, Sobrino e Gutierrez. As conclusões apontam no sentido de que a Espiritualidade Martirial não está relacionada ao desejo de ser mártir. Tampouco o martírio relaciona-se à concepção de sacrifício cruento como redentor de pecado. A Espiritualidade Martirial diz respeito à fidelidade ao Evangelho do perseguido e mártir, Jesus de Nazaré. De igual modo, diz respeito à fidelidade à realidade histórica atual e concreta na qual o cristão deve anunciar boas notícias aos pobres e denunciar a injustiça estrutural. Por fim, diz respeito à memória da morte dos inocentes e à fileira dos seguidores de Jesus que foram martirizados.
A questão primeira de Deus: O desafio humanitário da eclesiologia do século XXI
Authors: Mendes Everaldo dos Santos , Peretti Clélia
Published: January 2022

Neste artigo, objetivamos refletir sobre a experiência cristã de Deus diante da tentação do vazio cultural que assola as «teologias» da secularização e o vazio de Deus nas «contra-teologias». No percurso investigativo, revisitamos a literatura teológica da tradição católica, mapeando as contribuições das teologias da experiência cristã de Deus como a experiência de uma plenitude. Por este caminho, delineamos uma pesquisa bibliográfica de abordagem qualitativa. No seio da sociedade contemporânea, desafiada por «crises permanentes», corrupção, barbáreis e pandemia aflora a carência de um Mistério Sagrado, capaz de revelar o sentido último da existência humana. Na eclesiologia do século XXI, a experiência cristã de Deus — latino-americana e caribenha — reclama para a sua práxis histórica a epifania do rosto de um Deus sofredor. Este Deus, sensivelmente, assume o fardo da existência humana, solidarizando-se com o sofrimento de pessoas concretas, de corpo-vivente, psique e espírito - um Deus responsável, inclusivo, totalmente envolvido com o destino da humanidade e da «Casa Comum», que não renuncia a nenhuma das suas criaturas.
Estado del arte de las trayectorias investigativas sobre educación religiosa escolar en Hispanoamérica (1991-2020)
Authors: Sepúlveda Romero Luis Vicente , Saldarriaga Vélez Óscar de Jesús
Published: January 2022

La presente investigación hace una revisión de la producción académica publicada sobre educación religiosa escolar (ERE) entre los años 1991-2020 en Hispanoamérica, donde la ERE ha estado presente en los sistemas educativos en estos países a partir de la primera evangelización desde la época de la colonia, cambiando de finalidades, métodos y formatos. Entender su lugar en la escuela actual requiere identificar los cambios históricos, de contexto y finalidad, y las distintas preocupaciones de sus actores educativos. La investigación hace una revisión general de las publicaciones de la región, puntualizando en el caso colombiano, argentino, mexicano y uruguayo.

 

La metodología usa un análisis de contenido que identifica tres niveles de análisis del texto: de superficie, analítico e interpretativo. Los hallazgos se clasificaron en cinco temáticas: 1) análisis jurídicos; 2) estudios historiográficos; 3) análisis sobre las nuevas realidades sociales y educativas; 4) análisis de los currículos y la práctica pedagógica del maestro; y, 5) fundamentación epistemológica de la ERE.

 

La revisión permite concluir que el tipo de educación religiosa escolar de cada país en Hispanoamérica está determinado por la comprensión de laicidad que cada país tenga en su ordenamiento constitucional y por las complejas trayectorias históricas de las relaciones Iglesia – Estado en su consolidación como nación. Además, los documentos dan cuenta de diversidad de enfoques y preocupaciones por la necesidad –o no- de una educación religiosa fundamentada teológica y pedagógicamente, para un contexto religioso y cultural claramente diverso y plural en el cual se encuentran jóvenes y adolescentes que asisten a la escuela, algunos en búsqueda de identidad y sentido de vida
A review of microbial corrosion in reclaimed water pipelines: challenges and mitigation strategies
Authors: Yang Guangming , Gong Min , Zheng Xingwen , Lin Li , Fan Jinlong , Liu Feng , Meng Junchen
Published: January 2022

With the continuous development and expansion of the water reclamation and reuse market, it is vital to ensure water quality safety and stability over the entire water reuse system. Because the quality of reclaimed water is distinct from that of drinking water, it is likely to deteriorate, even after advanced treatment, during distribution and transport. This review identifies the common microbial corrosion in reclaimed water distribution pipelines and end use applications (e.g. industrial cooling system) and the dominant corrosive microorganisms in reclaimed water. The microbial corrosion mechanism and the affecting factors on microbial corrosion are discussed in depth. Moreover, this study also proposes possible strategies for dealing with pipeline microbial corrosion, including the control of the assimilable organic carbon content via coagulation and filtration processes as well as disinfection technologies for microbial inactivation. This study is of great novelty to provide a comprehensive overview of microbial corrosion in reclaimed water distribution and application and point out future directions towards sustainable and long-lasting water reuse.
A fartura do desperdício
Authors: Santos Ana Thaís Vasconcelos , Pereira Cavalcante Jorge Luis
Published: January 2022

O caju é uma fruta nativa das regiões do Norte e Nordeste brasileiro. Possui um pseudofruto, pedúnculo, que é desperdiçado devido à valorização da castanha. Ele serve como matéria prima para diversas receitas regionais. O trabalho fotográfico teve como objetivo registrar imagens de um momento de desvalorização do aproveitamento do caju como um dos expoentes históricos da cultura alimentar cearense. O conjunto da obra, intitulada “A fartura do desperdício”, ficou em segundo lugar na categoria atividade cultural do curso de bacharelado em Nutrição do UNINTA, Sobral, Ceará, Brasil. Todas as imagens foram captadas por meio de celular. Por meio da análise da mensagem fotográfica relaciona-se a desvalorização do pedúnculo como matéria prima ao alto índice de desperdício na região.