bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
What is a nurse-led service? A discussion paper
Authors: Khair Kate , Chaplin Steve
Published: January 2017

The terms ‘nurse-led service’ and ‘nurse-led care’ are often used, but are frequently not well defined. As health care delivery evolves across the world and struggles to cope with changes in medical care and with the rising number of people living longer with long term conditions, it is frequently suggested that more care should be delivered and coordinated by nurses who have the most day-to-day contact with affected individuals and their families. This paper addresses the notion of modern ‘nurse-led’ care in the 21st century, with a focus on haemophilia. Haemophilia is one specialty in which totally nurse-led and delivered care could become a reality, there is already evidence from both developing and developed countries of nurses providing excellent and innovative haemophilia care.
Astressin, an antagonist of CRF receptors, reduces anxiety and fobial states in rats reared in social isolation conditions
Authors: Lebedev Andrei A , Pshenichnaya Anna G , Bychkov Eugenii R , Yakushina Natalia D , Shabanov Petr D
Published: January 2017

The influence of intranasal administration of astressin, a nonselective antagonist of CRF receptors, on delayed effects of chronic social isolation in the five first weeks after mother leaving on explorative and emotional behavior in rats was studied. Social exposures were applied from 21st to 93rd days of life. The rats reared in social isolation demonstrated higher level of motor activity compared with control in open field test. The assessment of both anxiety and fobial state and behavior in elevated plus maze revealed higher levels in anxiety and fear in isolated rats. Intranasal administration of astressin (1 µg/1µl, 20 µl, 10 µl in every nostrils) reduced significantly anxiety and fear levels in isolated rats. Therefore, both anxiolytic and antifobial effects of astressin, a nonselective antagonist of CRF receptors, were demonstrated in rats exposured to social isolation stress. The results support the idea taking into account the corticoliberin mechanisms in formation of social isolation syndrome and possibilities of using CRF antagonists to control the central stress mechanisms and dependence in ontogeny.
Temperature of animals and enhanced pressure of nitrogen-oxygen mixture
Authors: Luchakov Yury I , Vyotosh Alexandr N , Shabanov Petr D
Published: January 2017

The rat thermoregulation in conditions of enhanced pressure in inhalation gas environment was assessed both experimentally and using mathematical model. All experiments were carried out on rats in barocamera, where the pressure of gas environment was increased gradually up to 4.1 МPа. The pressure enhancement of gas environment up to 2.1 MPa stimulated oxygen consumption in 1.7-fold, when pressure enhancement up to 4.1 MPa did it up to 2.3-fold. The thermoneutral zone of rats was gradually reduced in these conditions, e.g. with enhancement of preasure. Using mathematical model we have shown that pressure enhancement up to 2.1 MPa in barocamera increased thermodelivery in 1.9-fold whereas pressure enhancement up to 4.1 MPa did it in 2.6-fold.
The pathophysiological role of serotonin receptor systems in opioid analgesia and tolerance
Authors: Ozdemir Ercan
Published: January 2017

Continuous treatment with opioid analgesics, such as morphine, leads to the development of ant nociceptive tolerance in patients. Although a lot of information about antinociceptive, the pathophysiological mechanisms of tolerance to opioid analgesia are not yet completely understood. Proposed mechanisms for opioid analgesic tolerance comprise down-regulation of opioid receptors, reduction of sensitivity G-proteins, altered intracellular signalling pathway including nitric oxide, adenyl cyclase, and protein kinase C. Numerous physiological and behavioural studies have shown an interaction of the serotonergic system and opioid antinociception. The serotonin (5-HT) receptor system is a necessary component of the spinal and midbrain pain modulation circuit mediating opioid analgesia. Various types of serotonin receptors demonstrate different effects on morphine analgesia. Systemic administration of opioids rise 5-HT levels in the spinal cord dorsal horn and contribute to opioid analgesia in the normal state but reduce that in neuropathic pain via spinal 5-HT3 receptors. Spinal and supraspinal serotonergic neurons may also play a pathophysiological role in the development of morphine analgesic tolerance. Serotonin receptor subtypes show different effects on opioid tolerance. This review paper focus on the current understanding of the role of serotonin receptor systems in opioid analgesia and tolerance.
Insulin delivery: what is new in the queue?
Authors: Rahman Syed Kasfur , Kawatra Pallavi
Published: January 2017

Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a cluster of  metabolic disorders with the shared feature of hyperglycemia which may be due to discrete etiopathogenesis. India stands to be the diabetic capital of the world, second only to China. After its discovery by Banting and Best, it has been established that insulin plays a fundamental role in the management of DM. In spite of insulin being in the market for so long, what still remains a challenge is the invasive approach of its administration. Conventional pharmacotherapeutic approaches of insulin delivery that have been available over the years are insulin syringes, pumps and pens. Upcoming innovative modes of insulin delivery include oral insulin, inhaled insulin, colonic insulin delivery, transdermal insulin, intra-peritoneal insulin, intra-nasal insulin, nano-technology etc. Constant research has been going on since many years to discover a route of administration for insulin that is minimally or noninvasive, effective, safe, convenient and cost-effective for patients. If successful, alternative routes of administration could revolutionize the treatment of DM and help improve patients’ quality of life.
Community pharmacists’ perception of and practice with drug package inserts in UAE
Authors: Sharif Suleiman I. , Alkharrat Jalal Edien M.W. , Khaled Lubna A. , Arafeh Nour Elhouda , Birawi Sana Y.
Published: January 2017

Background: Written information in drug package inserts (DPIs) is important source of information for doctors and pharmacists. Objectives: The present study was undertaken to evaluate the knowledge, perception and practice of community pharmacists with information in the DPIs, and their views on their usefulness.Methods: Seventy five pre-piloted questionnaires were distributed to community pharmacists in the United Arab Emirates. The questionnaire included questions covering demographics of pharmacists and whether they read and rely on DPI as a source of information. Pharmacists were also asked to evaluate and categorize DPI information with respect to the ease for patient use. The data were analyzed and are expressed as frequency and percentage.Results: The response rate was 90.7%. The majority (52, 76.5%) of pharmacists were in the age range of 20-39 years, with bachelor of pharmacy degree (50, 73.5%) and having 1-10 years of practice experience (48, 70.6%). Two thirds of the respondents obtained their degree outside the UAE. The majority (60, 88.2%) of pharmacists read the DPIs of prescription and OTC drugs, for all the information and think it is useful (67, 98.5%). Most participants think DPI is useful to patients and advise them to read it. The majority (49, 72.1%) of pharmacists believe that DPI are clear to read but their content should be shorter (46, 67.6%) and limited to the most important information (51, 75%). More pharmacists with a degree from outside UAE do not read the DPIs (p < 0.003), and find DPIs easily understood (P <0.008). More pharmacists with 1-5 years’ experience advise their patients to read the DPIs (P<0.033).Conclusions: Our findings suggest that there is a need for improving the content of drug package inserts to provide the necessary information required not only for health care professionals but also patients to further enhance their acceptance of and compliance with their medications.
Adequacy of pain management in oncology patients at a tertiary hospital in Ghana
Authors: Abruquah Akua A. , Biney Robert P. , Osei-Bonsu Ernest B. , Boamah Kofi M. , Woode Eric
Published: January 2017

Background: Although cancer pain is well documented, efficient management is largely inadequate in most patients especially in developing countries. This study evaluated the adequacy of pain management as well as potential social factors that may be associated with inadequate pain management.Methods: 204 ambulatory oncology patients (82% female; mean age 53.5) attending clinic at the Oncology Directorate, of a tertiary hospital in Ghana from January to December, 2015 were recruited and their pain severity and functional interference assessed with the Brief Pain Inventory (BPI). The adequacy of pain management was computed as the pain management index (PMI) using the BPI.Results: Although 62% of respondents were prescribed high potency opioids, 56.9% of them exhibited significant pain while 34.9% required a stronger analgesic to manage their pain. Majority of patients (56%) were over-managed for their pain (had PMI score >0). Only 26.4% had optimal cancer pain management. Pain interfered mostly with patients’ sleep (46.2%) and general activity (42.5%). Patients with high pain intensity were more likely to have it affect their daily activity (P<0.0001). Men were more likely to have inadequate pain management than females.Conclusions: This study has shown that whereas pain management may be adequate, there is the tendency for opioid tolerance and abuse as over 50% of patients receive more analgesics than required. The tenets of the WHO 3-step analgesic ladder should be strictly adhered to achieve optimum cancer pain relief.
A survey of prescription pattern of antibiotic drugs on patients suffering from ENT infection within Dhaka metropolis
Authors: Karim Rubaba , Uddin Md. Sahab , Rahman M. Sohanur , Nure Most. Akhlatun , Saha Rita Rani , Begum Taslima , Begum Rayhana , Islam Azharul , Begum Mst. Marium
Published: January 2017

Background: This survey was designed to assess and evaluate the prescription pattern of antibiotic drugs on patients suffering from ENT infection within Dhaka metropolis.Methods: A cross sectional, observational and prospective study was conducted from January to June 2015 in the out-patients (OPD) and in-patients (IPD) of ENT department at different general and specialized government and private hospitals (Dhaka Medical College and Hospital, Sir Solimullah Medical College Mitford Hospital, Holy Family Red Crescent Medical College and Hospital, Dhaka Community Medical College and Hospital) within Dhaka city.300 prescriptions were collected and randomly evaluated for this present study.Results: Out of 300 patients, 220 (73.33%) were male and 80 (26.67%) were female (including children and adults) where most of the patients were outpatients 262 (87.33%). In the patients information section it was observed that approximately 93.33%  prescription contained antibiotic drugs and almost all prescription (100%) contained antibiotic drugs along with other drugs such as 80.67%PPI (proton pump inhibitors), 76.67% analgesic and 51.33% vitamin / iron supplements. From this analysis we found that 19.33% prescription contained single antibiotic drug, 80.67% contained two antibiotic drugs and no prescription contained more than two antibiotic drugs. Most of the prescribed drugs were administered orally (12% capsule, 80% tablet form). Out of 473 prescribed antibiotic drugs majority of them lie underβ-Lactam (54%) class followed by cephalosporin (46.33%) class in which maximum drugs (92%) were prescribed by their brand names.Conclusions: Prescribing more than one antibiotics was commonly encountered in this study indicating the occurrence of polypharmacy. Interventions to rectify over prescription of antibiotics, use of brand names, inadequate labelling of drugs is necessary to improve rational drug use. Standard treatment guidelines, hospital formulary, and educational intervention become essential to modify this behaviour to benefit the patient.
Attenuation of anxiety on acute administration of aqueous extract of Terminalia belerica fruit pulp in Swiss albino mice
Authors: R. Chandrashekar , V. R. Manohar , R. Poovizhi Bharathi , Rai Mohandas
Published: January 2017

Background: The objective of this study was to evaluate the attenuation of anxiety on acute administration of aqueous extract of Terminalia belerica fruit pulp (AETBFP) by using elevated plus maze test and dark and light arena models.Methods: Thirty Swiss albino mice were divided into five groups, Group I received vehicle (1% Gum acacia suspension, 3ml/kg, orally), Group II received standard drug Diazepam (1mg/kg, orally) and Group III, IV and V received AETBFP 9, 18 and 36 mg/kg, orally respectively. In elevated plus maze test, the mouse was placed on the central platform facing towards open arm. The percentage of time spent and frequency of entries and number of rears in open arm was counted for a period of 5 min. In dark and light arena, the time spent, number of entries and number of rears in light arena was counted for a period of 5 min. The mean±SEM values were calculated for each group. The data was analyzed using one-way ANOVA followed by Dunnet’s multiple comparison tests; p< 0.05 was considered as statistically significant.Results: Significant (p<0.05) reduction in anxiety was noted in experimental animals when given at a dose of AETBFP (36mg/kg), where number of entries and duration of stay in open arm and light arena increased in elevated plus maze and light and dark arena respectively when compared with control animals.Conclusions: Our study reveals that AETBFP at a dose of 36mg/kg has significant attenuation of anxiety in Swiss albino mice.
Antibiotic trends in acute febrile illness
Authors: Siddiqui Riyaz Ahmed , Shende Tanaji R. , Dhoble Y. , Borkar Archana S.
Published: January 2017

Background: Acute febrile illness has various etiologies. Different antimicrobials are used for different causes of fever to treat and there are interpersonal variations in prescription of antimicrobials. Therefore this study aims at to analyze the trends in the antimicrobial prescription in patients of acute febrile illness due to various etiologies in the medicine department of a tertiary care hospital.Methods: It is a record based observational study that was carried out at NKP salve institute of medical sciences and RC, Nagpur. 200 case record files of patients admitted with a diagnosis of acute febrile illness in the dept. of Medicine due to various etiologies were analyzed. Antibiotics prescribed for various causes of acute febrile illness like respiratory tract infections, urinary tract infection, gastrointestinal infection, malarial infections, septicemia, meningitis, pyrexia of unknown origin etc. were noted and data was analyzed for prescription pattern of antimicrobials.Results: Out of 200 patients of febrile illness the common clinical conditions for which antibiotics were prescribed were respiratory tract infections (upper respiratory tract infection 25.5% and lower respiratory tract infection 14%), acute gastroenteritis (20%), and urinary tract infection (13.5%) followed by, pyrexia of unknown origin (8.5%), viral fever (8%), malaria (7%), hepatitis A (1.5%), meningitis (1%) and rickettsial infection (1%). The commonly prescribed antibiotics were ceftriaxone in (19.37%) and cefixime (15.93%) followed by coamoxiclav (12.5%), azithromycin (11.87%), doxycycline (10.31%), ofloxacin and ornidazole (8.43%), levofloxacin (6.25%), ofloxacin (4.68%), ciprofloxacin (1.87%), artesunate (3.75%), artemether and lumefantrine (4.37%) and valacyclovir (0.625%).Conclusions: Our study concluded that most common disease for which antibiotics prescribed were respiratory tract infection and gasterointestinal infections. Most common antibiotic used were third generation cephalosporins especially ceftriaxone and cefixime.
Treatment satisfaction and safety of sitagliptin versus pioglitazone in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus inadequately controlled on metformin monotherapy
Authors: Haque Shahnaz , Singh Sunita , Shukla Anand , Kem Anil
Published: January 2017

Background: This study was designed to assess the treatment satisfaction between Sitagliptin versus Pioglitazone added to Metformin in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).Methods: We conducted a prospective, open label, randomized, parallel group study in SIMS, Hapur, U.P. Eligible patients fulfilling inclusion criteria were randomized into two groups having 25 patients in each group using tab Sitagliptin 100mg,tab Pioglitazone 30mg added to ongoing tab Metformin (500mg) therapy for 16 weeks. The follow-up visits were on weeks 4, 12 and 16.Results: 16 weeks later, addition of Sitagliptin 100mg compared to that of Pioglitazone 30mg to ongoing Metformin therapy provided similar glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1c) lowering efficacy in patients with T2DM with inadequate glycemic control on metformin monotherapy. Change in HbA1c in group1 was -0.656±0.21% (p<0.0001) whereas in group 2 was -0.748±0.35% (p<0.0001). Hence decrease in HbA1c from baseline was more in group2.Both treatments were well tolerated with negligible risk of hypoglycaemia. Weight loss was observed with Sitagliptin in contrast to weight gain seen in Pioglitazone.Conclusions: In this study, Sitagliptin 100 mg along with metformin therapy in comparison to pioglitazone 30 mg plus metformin therapy was effective, well-tolerated and improved glycemic control in both the groups. Addition of pioglitazone had cause oedema and weight gain to the patients whereas sitagliptin caused weight loss in its patients.
A study of adverse drug reactions in patients receiving treatment for multi-drug resistant tuberculosis
Authors: Shinde Mayur P. , Halasawadekar Nimish R. , Ramanand Sunita J. , Pore Shraddha M. , Ramanand Jayprakash B. , Patil Praveenkumar T. , Kumbhar Arvind V.
Published: January 2017

Background: A high frequency of adverse drug reactions (ADRs) is one of the major challenges in the treatment of Multi-drug resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB). Patients may refuse to continue treatment if ADRs are not properly addressed, drugs may be stopped unnecessarily and treatment may be terminated prematurely by inexperienced health workers, resulting in a high proportion of failure.Methods: Patients diagnosed for MDR-TB and registered in Drug Resistant TB centre (DR-TB) of tertiary care hospital during period of July 2014 to June 2015 were enrolled in the study. Data of patients hospitalized for the complaints of ADR in DR-TB centre during study period was collected.Results: Out of 468 patients, 60 (12.82%) patients developed at least one adverse reaction and were hospitalised for the same. Among 109 reported ADRs, Gastrointestinal upset was the most common ADR reported (5.98%) followed by psychosis (4.91%) and ototoxicity (2.99%).Conclusions: The health providers, the patients and their relatives should be sensitised about these ADRs for early detection and treatment. It can also be suggested that the setup of DR-TB centre should be integrated with psychiatry and ENT specialities, with all the provisions of early detection of ADR and treatment.
Evaluation of anti ulcer activity of ethanolic root extract of Beta vulgaris in rats
Authors: Samyuktha K. , Chinnala Krishna Mohan , Prathiba G. , Rajendhar D. , Reddy P. Smana
Published: January 2017

Background: Beta vulgaris (chenopodiacea) is a plant reported for its variety of ethnic medicinal uses. Hence we have planned to screen anti ulcer activity of root of the plant with the alcoholic extract. Root powders successively extracted with alcohol and were subjected for phytochemical screening to identify different phytoconstituents.Methods: Anti ulcer activity was evaluated in various animal models like pylorus ligation and ethanol induced ulcer models in rats.Results: Preliminary phytochemical screening revealed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, carbohydrates, saponins, polyphenols. No mortality was observed with root extract up to maximum dose level of 4g/kg. Further alcoholic extract of 200 and 400mg/ kg / p.o significantly (p˂0.01) reduced the ulcer score, ulcer number, ulcer index, free acidity and total acidity in pylorus ligation and ethanol induced ulcer models in rats.Conclusions: The present study revealed that the root extract of Beta vulgaris has antiulcer activity.
Effect of intravenous Deferoxamine concomitant use with blood transfusion on serum ferritin in thalassemia major patients
Authors: Fathi Afshin , Amani Firouz , Araghchin Samira , Farzaneh Esmaeil
Published: January 2017

Background: Subcutaneous Deferoxamineis often not tolerated by patients and its rejection leads to iron overload with its complications. So, other methods with better toleration and reduction of Deferoxamine consumption are necessary. The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of intravenous Deferoxamine infusion during blood transfusion on serum ferritin (SF) in thalassemia major patients.Methods: In a retrospective cross-sectional study, thirty four patients with β-thalassemia major treated with monthly blood transfusion at Bu-Ali hospital in Ardabil city from April 2013 to April 2014, were selected and followed for six months. The mean SF rate and the needed subcutaneous Deferoxamine rates before intervention were considered as baseline. All patients received intravenous Deferoxamine concomitant with their routine monthly blood transfusion for six months. After six months mean values for ferritin, subcutaneous Deferoxamine were compared with baseline values. Collected data were analyzed using t-test and paired t-test by SPSS, version 18.P<0.05 was considered as significant.Results: Compared with baseline, the subcutaneous Deferoxamine rate and ferritin level have been decreased significantly after intervention.Conclusions: Intravenous Deferoxamine concomitant use with routine monthly blood transfusion in thalassemia major patients can lead to decreasing of ferritin level. With this method, patient care could be improved, health care costs and complications of treatment effectively reduced.
Knowledge attitude and practice of pharmacovigilance among nursing professionals in a tertiary care teaching hospital in Dehradun, Uttarakhand
Authors: Sharma Taruna , Dhasmana D. C. , Sharma Rajendra , Bala Suman , Sharma Upasana , George Upma
Published: January 2017

Background: Pharmacovigilance deals with identification, assessment and prevention and reporting of adverse drug reaction (ADR), play a pivotal role in ensuring safe use of drugs. However, in spite of having well established ADR reporting system in India and worldwide, the ADR underreporting is a big challenge till date. It is therefore very important to assess the level of awareness of Pharmacovigilance among healthcare professionals to identify the factors affecting ADRs reporting. The objective of the study was to evaluate knowledge, attitude and practice of pharmacovigilance among nursing professionals in a tertiary care teaching hospital in Dehradun, India.Methods: It was a cross sectional observational study conducted at HIMS over a period of 1 year. Nursing professionals who work in internal medicine, Surgery, PAC and intensive care unit (ICU) were included in this study. A self-administered questionnaire comprising of 15 items related to ADRs and Pharmacovigilance programme of India (PvPI) activity was provided to them and sufficient time to fill the questionnaire was given. The completely filled questionnaire was collected and data was analyzed using SPSS ver.20.0.Results: A total of 415 participants were included in the study. The mean age of the participant was 28.52 years. The number of female was more than male participants. Majority of participant (56%) couldn’t answer the meaning of pharmacovigilance. Only 25% participants were aware about ADR reporting process to ADR monitoring centre (AMC). Although majority of the participants understand the necessity of ADR reporting and aware about AMC centre and PvPI, but most of them showed unfamiliarity about ADR reporting form and previous experience of any kind of ADR. The most common reason for not reporting the ADR was difficulty in deciding the nature of adverse effects (AE) (44%) followed by lack of time (30%). Majority of participant (67%) denied any previous pharmacovigilance training and almost all (98%) have shown their interest in PvPI training.Conclusions: Nursing professionals in our hospital may lack adequate knowledge about ADR reporting and may need more education and training on the National Pharmacovigilance System and ADR reporting process.
Cost analysis study of price variation among the various brands of antiepileptics available in India
Authors: Sai Nagaraja Prasad , H. Vedavathi
Published: January 2017

Background: One of the major cost that the patient has to bear during therapy is medication cost Different brands of the same mediations are available leading to considerable price variation. This can affect medication compliance by the patient. The present study was undertaken to evaluate the variation in costs of antiepileptic’s available in India.Methods: Cost of all antiepileptics (tablets/capsules) available in India was obtained from CIMS July to Oct 2016 and from IDR Vol XXII issue No 3, 2016. The percentage cos ratio and percentage variation in cost were calculated and compared.Results: The highest cost ratio and percentage price variation was found with carbamazepine 200mg (1:12 and 1100) followed by acetazolamide 250mg (1:11.38 and 1037.68). Other significant cost variations (>100%) were seen with carbamazepine 100mg, phenobarbital 30mg, divalproex sodium 25mg, lorazepam 1mg, clonazepam 1mg and valproic acid 500mg. Lowest percentage cost variation was seen with oxcarbazepine 450mg (1.09), lacosamide 50mg (2.56), pregabalin 50mg (3.51) and zonisamide 50mg (4.21).Conclusions: The Government of India regulates prices of essential drugs through Drug Price Control Order (DPCO) and this is implemented by National Pharmaceutical Pricing Policy (NPPA). However nearly 80% of medications donot fall into this category. This leads to considerable economic burden on poor patients. There is still considerable price difference among various brands of antiepileptic available in India. The Government of India should take a firm decision and implement them with regard to pricing of medications so as to make them more affordable, especially for diseases which require long term treatment such as epilepsy.
Antiulcer activity of hydroalcoholic extract of unripe fruit of carica papaya in experimental rats
Authors: Kaur Ramandeep , Sen Kalyan
Published: January 2017

Background: Carica papaya has previously reported antioxidant, analgesic and anti-inflammatory, antibacterial and anti-histaminic activity. Peptic ulcer disease involves inflammation and oxidative stress, so hydroalcoholic extract of Carica papaya fruits may have strong potential for an antiulcer agent. Aim and objectives of the study were in this study pharmacological evaluation of antiulcer effect of hydroalcoholic extract of Carica papaya fruits was performed by pyloric ligation induced gastric ulcers.Methods: Preliminary phytochemical investigation, estimation of phenolic and flavonoid content, In vitro antioxidant activities, antiulcer activity to find out the efficacy of hydroalcoholic extract of Carica papaya fruits.Results: Treatment with 500 mg/kg of hydroalcoholic extract of Carica papaya fruits efficacious in reducing ulcer index in pyloric ligation induced gastric ulcer model. Hydroalcoholic extract Carica papaya of showed a dose dependent decrease in ulcer and reduces ulcer index which was supported by morphological and histological studies.Conclusions: Thus it can be concluded that hydroalcoholic extract of Carica papaya fruits have antiulcer activity, which can be attributed to its antioxidant mechanism of action.
Profile of serious adverse drug events in a tertiary care hospital of South India - a five years experience
Authors: C. R. Jayanthi , Pasha Mohammed Yaqub , M. Sushma
Published: January 2017

Background: Adverse drug event (ADE) is said to be serious, when it is life-threatening, leads to hospitalization, disability, congenital anomaly, death or requires intervention to prevent permanent impairment or damage. The present study aimed to determine the pattern, causality, preventability of serious ADEs.Methods: This retrospective study was carried out to profile serious ADEs reported from Bangalore Medical College and Research Institute to Adverse Drug Reaction (ADR) Monitoring Centre, under Pharmacovigilance Programme of India from 2012 to 2016. Patient demographics, clinical and drug data, details of the ADE, onset time, causal drug details, outcome and severity were collected as per CDSCO form. Causality was assessed by WHO-ADR probability scale, preventability by modified Schumock and Thornton scale.Results: A total of 809 ADEs were reported, of which 50 (6.18%) were serious in nature. Male preponderance (74%) was observed, with 42% among patients aged 20-40 years. 56% of serious ADEs were reported from department of Dermatology. Steven Johnson Syndrome (SJS) (20%) contributed for most of the ADEs. Antiepileptics caused maximum number of serious ADEs (32%). 76% of the ADEs were found to be ‘probable’ and 4% were definitely preventable. 56% of them was life threatening and 86% required intensive interventions. 16% patients experienced serious ADEs during hospital stay.Conclusions: Serious ADEs constituted 6.18% of all ADEs reported. SJS was commonly seen with antimicrobials and hepatotoxicity with ATT. Antiepileptics and ATT contributed for majority of them. This study highlights the importance of monitoring and timely management of serious ADEs to commonly prescribed medications.
An experimental study to evaluate the anti-inflammatory effect of moringa oleifera leaves in animal models
Authors: Mittal Amit , Sharma Monica , David Abhinav , Vishwakarma Pinki , Saini Manish , Goel Mani , Saxena K. K.
Published: January 2017

Background: Inflammatory diseases are a major cause of morbidity and disability of work force throughout the world. The treatment of inflammation with standard steroidal and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs shares the risk of toxicity on various organ systems. Moringa oleifera, an herbal plant has been claimed to be effective in the treatment of various types of inflammatory conditions. However, there is lack of scientific studies to ratify these claims. Therefore, the present study was undertaken to explore the anti-inflammatory activity of aqueous extract of leaves of Moringa oleifera (AEMO) in experimentally induced inflammation in albino rats.Methods: The study was commenced after obtaining approval from Institutional Animal Ethical Committee using AEMO leaves in Albino wistar rats (150-200 gm) of either sex. The anti-inflammatory activity was evaluated using carrageenan induced paw edema model, cotton pellet induced granuloma method and formaldehyde induced paw edema method. For each set of experiment, animals were divided in three groups of six animals each. In each experiment, 1st group was given normal saline (5 ml/kg/day), 2nd group was given standard anti-inflammatory drug dexamethasone (0.5 mg/kg/day) and 3rd group was given Moringa oleifera (200 mg/kg/day).Results: Aqueous extract of Moringa oleifera leaves at dose of 200 mg/kg, p.o. exhibited the significant anti-inflammatory effect in all the models used in this study.Conclusions: It can be concluded from our study that aqueous extracts of Moringa oleifera leaves possess anti-inflammatory activity.
A rare case of oxcarbazepine induced Stevens Johnson Syndrome: toxic epidermal necrosis overlap
Authors: Maitra Aditi , Bhattacharyya Shashwat , Mukherjee Shatavisa , Era Nikhil
Published: January 2017

Oxcarbazepine is a closely related analogue of carbamazepine and is useful in the monotherapy of seizures with an improved toxicity profile. Its clinical safety has been recently put under scrutiny as evidence has emerged about its adverse drug reactions and it is increasingly being reported to cause cutaneous drug eruptions. Here we report a rare case of oxcarbazepine induced Stevens Johnson - toxic epidermal necrolysis overlap.
A case report of life threatening Dapsone Hypersensitivity Syndrome
Authors: Jeevangi Santoshkumar R. , Saba Amreen
Published: January 2017

Dapsone is widely used for a variety of infections, immune and hypersensitivity disorders. However, the use of Dapsone may be associated with a plethora of adverse effects, the most serious being Dapsone Hypersensitivity Syndrome (DHS) wherein the patient typically presents with a triad of fever, skin eruption and internal organ involvement, that occurs during first 2 to 8 weeks of initiating the treatment. The incidence of DHS ranges from 0.5% to 3%.  Here we report a case of severe life threatening Dapsone induced hypersensitivity reaction in a 21year old female who presented with high grade fever, generalized lymphadenopathy, skin rash and hepato-splenomegaly. This condition is best approached with immediate discontinuation of offending drug and prompt administration of oral or IV glucocorticoids. The case is being reported to emphasize the need for timely diagnosis and prompt treatment for successful outcome as it can cause irreversible organ damage or death if untreated early.
Association between chronic spontaneous urticaria and thyroid autoimmunity: a case control study from a tertiary care centre
Authors: Reena Mariyath Olasseri K. , Binitha Manikoth P. , Anilakumari Vadakke P. , Biju George , Nikhila Pappinisseri K. , Pradeep Mann
Published: January 2017

Background: The exact etiology of chronic spontaneous urticaria is unknown in the majority of patients. A subset of chronic spontaneous urticaria can be autoimmune and may be associated with thyroid autoimmunity.

Methods: Serum anti thyroid peroxidase (anti-TPO) antibody level and thyroid function tests (TFT) including triiodothyronine (T3), thyroxine (T4) and thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) levels were estimated in 100patients with chronic spontaneous urticaria and 50 controls. Autologous serum skin test (ASST) was done in 84 chronic urticaria patients and 21 patients with high anti-TPO antibody.

Results: High anti-TPO antibodies and abnormal thyroid function were seen in 24 (24%) patients each. High anti-TPO antibody levels were seen in nine (18%) and abnormal TFT in 11 (22%) controls. Abnormal TSH was seen in 22 patients (22%) and 6 (12%) controls. Autologous serum skin test was positive in 53 patients with chronic spontaneous urticaria. It was positive in 16 and negative in five out of 21 patients with high anti-TPO antibody levels.

Conclusions: Though there was a slight increase in abnormal anti-TPO antibody level and thyroid dysfunction in patients with chronic spontaneous urticaria compared to controls, it was not statistically significant.
Российские предприниматели – создатели национальной системы высшего экономического образования в России
Authors: Гришин Алексей Игоревич
Published: January 2017

В статье рассказывается о зарождении Российского экономического университета имени Г.В. Плеханова и национальной русской системы экономического образования в целом. Особое внимание уделено ключевой роли российских предпринимателей – купцов, промышленников и финансистов – в данном процессе, который можно также классифицировать, как проявление социальной ответственности бизнеса. Помимо истории становления РЭУ им. Г. В. Плеханова, описываются также судьбы некоторых его основателей, представляющих наиболее типичные примеры отечественных предпринимателей начала XX века – А.С. Вишнякова, Г.М. Марка, А. Н. Найденова.
Проблемы и задачи развития малого и среднего предпринимательства в России
Authors: Завьялов Дмитрий Вадимович , Сагинова Ольга Витальевна , Завьялова Надежда Борисовна
Published: January 2017

В статье рассмотрены проблемы и тенденции развития малого и среднего предпринимательства в России, суммированы факторы, препятствующие активному развитию предпринимательства, и намечены пути активизации работы в соответствие с задачами новой стратегии развития предпринимательства.
Особенности предпринимательства в индустрии моды
Authors: Ченчик Анастасия Валерьевна
Published: January 2017

Индустрия моды остается постоянным источником роста всей мировой экономики, а также вносит весомый вклад в развитие многих национальных экономик. Роль дизайнера, как предпринимателя, заключается не только в своевременном создании новой коллекции, но и в эффективном управлении бизнесом. Безусловно, совмещение двух направлений деятельности (художественной и коммерческой) является сложной задачей, в особенности для новых компаний. Данная статья посвящена анализу особенностей ведения бизнеса в сфере создания дизайнерской одежды и обуви на рынке индустрии моды. В статье представлены статистические данные и тенденции развития рынка дизайнерской одежды и обуви в России, рассмотренные с точки зрения анализа перспективности данного рынка. Специфика отрасли рассматривается с точки зрения ее влияния на ведение бизнеса. Даются рекомендации по решению основных задач предпринимателей, работающих в сфере создания дизайнерской одежды и обуви.
Социальное предпринимательство в здравоохранении
Authors: Филимендиков Юрий Александрович
Published: January 2017

В статье представлено мнение об основных структурных изменениях, которые помогли бы сделать систему здравоохранения в России более социальной. Начальной точкой изменений может стать социальное предпринимательство. Выделены основные признаки социального предпринимательства: социальное воздействие направленное на смягчение существующих социальных проблем, постоянное развитие, финансовая устойчивость, тиражируемость. Определены барьеры развития социального предпринимательства в здравоохранении: отсутствие общественных, экономических и налоговых предпосылок, недостаточность контроля со стороны профессиональных сообществ, негибкость системы налогообложения и поощрения социальных предпринимателей.
Государство как участник предпринимательской деятельности в сфере общественных закупок
Authors: Смотрицкая Ирина Ивановна
Published: January 2017

В статье рассматривается круг вопросов, связанных с подходами, условиями и возникающими практическими проблемами развития предпринимательской деятельности государства в сфере закупок товаров, работ, услуг для обеспечения общественных потребностей. Исследуются масштабы и специфика экономической деятельности государства на рынке государственных и регулируемых закупок. Особое внимание уделено обобщению мирового опыта и практики применения различных новых контрактных форм государственно-частного партнерства как современного направления предпринимательской деятельности государства. Раскрываются пути и даны предложения по развитию института государственно-частного партнерства в сфере общественных закупок в российской экономике.
Эволюция института государственного предпринимательства
Authors: Нагалин Виталий Юрьевич
Published: January 2017

В статье представлен обзор эволюции различных форм государственного участия в экономической деятельности, показаны основные мотивы усиления и ослабления роли государства в экономике в определенные периоды и результаты политики национализации и приватизации.
Стратегия лидерства в управлении организацией в период экономического кризиса
Authors: Докукина Анна Анатольевна
Published: January 2017

Статья посвящена особенностям реализации компанией стратегии лидерства в условиях кризиса, который рассматривается как часть экономического цикла. Наряду с обострением конкурентной борьбы и увеличением неопределенности, сдвиги деловой среды связаны также с перспективами занятия доли рынка, высвобожденной конкурентами. На примере показано, что правильно разработанная и внедренная стратегия антикризисного управления, основанная на лидерском стратегическом подходе, может сделать кризис благоприятным явлением и ступенью для роста рыночных преимуществ организации.
Пути развития межорганизационной логистической координации в цепях поставок
Authors: Абрамова Елена Ричардовна
Published: January 2017

В статье рассматриваются проблемы межорганизационной координации участников цепей поставок, выявляются наиболее актуальные исследовательские направления в области логистической координации и определяются пути ее развития на основе: обеспечения информационной «прозрачности» предприятий-партнеров, совместного управления спросом, совместной разработки сервисных предложений, развития поставщиков.
По мнению автора, использование рассмотренных направлений в практике работы логистических компаний позволяет наилучшим образом согласовывать совместную деятельность участников цепей поставок.
Создание добавленной стоимости в цепях поставок при минимальных сроках и стоимости в условиях дефицита временного ресурса предпринимателя
Authors: Киреева Наталья Сергеевна
Published: January 2017

В условиях изобилия информации и дефицита временного ресурса следует научиться выделять самое главное и перспективное, в том числе и инструменты, которые позволяют достичь конкурентных преимуществ. В статье приводятся результаты проведенного автором исследования инструментов бизнеса и логистики, которое позволило выявить инструменты, в наибольшей степени отвечающие высоким запросам современных потребителей к срокам получения заказанного товара и его стоимости. В статье показано, как ускорение оборачиваемости отражается на логистических затратах. Даются рекомендации по применению перспективных с точки зрения будущих рынков концепций, философии и методов, которые автор относит к инструментам логистики, т.к. они приводят к изменению бизнес-процессов, по сути своей являющихся потоковыми процессами, что, в свою очередь, уже является объектом изучения логистики.
Опыт взаимодействия вузов и предпринимательских структур
Authors: Сагинова Ольга Витальевна , Максимова Светлана Михайловна
Published: January 2017

Статья посвящена вопросам взаимодействия вуза с бизнесом с целью подготовки выпускников с практическими навыками. Рассмотрена и обоснована необходимость сотрудничества вуза с компаниями разного размера, подчеркнута роль малого и среднего бизнеса. Проанализирован зарубежный и отечественный опыт взаимодействия вуза и бизнеса, выделены основные проблемы и перспективы сотрудничества вуза с предпринимательскими структурами, предложены пути решения. Представлен проект «Система привлечения студентов к выполнению заказов малого и среднего бизнеса», разработанный в РЭУ им. Г. В. Плеханова. Проект направлен на формирование предпринимательских компетенций у выпускников вуза на основе погружения студентов в предпринимательскую среду, привлечения к работе по выполнению реальных заказов малого и среднего бизнеса.
Использование результатов интеллектуальной деятельности в предпринимательском университете
Authors: Гришина Ольга Алексеевна , Завьялова Надежда Борисовна
Published: January 2017

В статье рассмотрены вопросы совершенствования подготовки студентов на основе внедрения и развития информационной системы управления результатами интеллектуальной деятельности (РИД) вуза. На основе анализа направлений применения РИД определена перспективность использования в учебном процессе баз данных, сформированных в процессе выполнения НИР, показана возможность и технология включения соответствующего функционала в структуру корпоративной ИС РЭУ им. Г.В. Плеханова.
Студенческие проекты как поддержка малого предпринимательства
Authors: Слепенкова Елена Васильевна , Киреева Наталья Сергеевна , Строганов Игорь Алексеевич
Published: January 2017

Статья приводит результаты исследования наиболее востребованных тем для консультаций представителей малого бизнеса и обосновывает возможность реализации консалтинговой и исследовательской поддержки микро- и малых предприятий силами студентов в рамках учебных проектов.
Docência compartilhada: estratégia didática para a educação de adolescentes, jovens e adultos do município de Goiânia (GO)
Authors: Moreira Fabíola Correia de Souza Araújo , Shuvartz Marilda
Published: January 2017

A Educação de Jovens e Adultos (EJA), modalidade de educação amparada pela Lei de Diretrizes e Bases da Educação Nacional (Lei 9394/96 – LDB), há muito, vem sendo negligenciada em sua elaboração, visto que não é privilegiada de políticas públicas educacionais brasileiras. São notórios, nas características desta modalidade, aspectos pedagógicos específicos, para que o sujeito trabalhador alcance um aprendizado significativo durante sua estada na escola. Para isso é importante que os professores estejam preparados para situações pedagógicas nunca antes vivenciadas, com formação específica para esse público. Faz-se necessário, também, que o professor adote posturas e práticas pedagógicas capazes de proporcionar esse aprendizado. O presente artigo relata uma experiência pedagógica possível para os sujeitos da EJA, a docência compartilhada. Nessa proposta, dois professores compartilharam seus planejamentos e conteúdos, proporcionando uma (re)significação de suas práticas pedagógicas, viabilizando a inclusão dos alunos da EJA. As áreas de Ciências da Natureza e Ciências Humanas direcionaram uma pedagogia diferenciada, demonstrando as possibilidades de se alcançar um aprendizado significativo na EJA, em uma escola municipal de Goiânia.Palavras-chave: EJA; Docência compartilhada; Pedagogia diferenciada; Experiência didática. ABSTRACT: The Youth and Adult Education (EJA), type of education supported by the Law of Guidelines and Bases of National Education (Law 9394/96 - LDB) long, has been neglected in its preparation, as it is not privileged public policy Brazilian educational. Are notorious, the characteristics of this type, specific pedagogical aspects, so that the subject worker reach a significant learning during their stay at school. For this it is important that teachers are prepared for teaching situations never before experienced, specially trained for this audience. It is necessary also that the teacher adopt attitudes and teaching practices to provide this learning. This article reports a possible educational experience for the subjects of the EJA, shared teaching. In this proposal, two teachers shared their plans and content, providing (re) signification of their teaching practices, enabling the inclusion of adult education students. Areas of Natural Sciences and Humanities directed a differentiated pedagogy, demonstrating the possibilities of achieving a significant learning in adult education in a municipal school in Goiânia.Keywords: Adult education; Shared teaching; Differentiated learning; Teaching experience.