bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Implementation of an Educational Intervention for Gastric Cancer Awareness in the General Population in CELAC and Europe: A Strategy Proposed by the LEGACy Consortium
Authors: Carbonell-Asins Juan Antonio , Jiménez-Martí Elena , Romero Sergio , García Eduardo , Miralles-Marco Ana , Lopez Beatriz , Huerta Marisol , Caballero Carmelo , Boggino Hugo , Gauna Cinthia , Acevedo-Funes Olga Beatriz , Nuñez Gabriel Benitez , Céspedes-Cardozo Claudia Melina , Fernandez-Figueroa Edith A. , Ortiz-Olvera Nayeli , Ruiz-García Erika , Carneiro Fátima , Barros Rita , Figueiredo Ceu , Ferreira Rui M. , Groen - van Schooten Tessa Suzanne , van Santvliet Demi , Derks Sarah , Luca Romina , Alsina Maria , Riquelme Arnoldo , Cervantes Andrés , Fleitas Tania
Published: February 2025

Gastric cancer (GC) has a poor prognosis. The LEGACy consortium has been established to enhance GC outcomes though improved primary and secondary prevention strategies. We performed an educational intervention study using an online module to disseminate knowledge about GC risk factors and symptoms to the general population. Participants were recruited through various media channels and were exposed to an online questionnaire to assess their knowledge, before and after the educational intervention. The educational intervention included an informative brochure and a short video providing essential information about GC. Primary outcome was to evaluate the overall knowledge (global score) before and after the intervention. A total of 1034 participants were evaluated before the intervention. Of those, 866 also completed the short-term and 362 the long-term questionnaire after the intervention, respectively. On a scale of 0 to 17, the baseline global score mean was 9.4 (3.2). Results showed an increase in the average global knowledge score by 1.80 (95% CI: 1.63–1.96, p < 0.001) and 1.81 (95% CI: 1.65–1.96, p < 0.001) points after completing the short and long-term questionnaires compared to the baseline respectively for all individual questions (p < 0.05). This interventional study showed significantly improved knowledge in most domains on GC risk factors, signs, and symptoms which could be a useful strategy for promoting cancer prevention. ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04019808.
Are Sport and Exercise Science Students Receiving Enough Training to Adequately Design Exercise Programs for Patients with Cancer, Overweight, or Obesity in Spain? A Comprehensive Archival and Survey Analysis of 52 Spanish Universities
Authors: Gómez-Bruton Alejandro , Gónzalez-Agüero Alex , Lozano-Berges Gabriel , Matute-Llorente Angel , Garatachea Nuria , Vicente-Rodríguez German , Casajús Jose A.
Published: February 2025

Obesity and cancer are two of the most significant global public health concerns worldwide. Exercise in preventing and managing these diseases has become a prominent area of research, and BSc sport and exercise science (SES) graduates are among the professionals involved in designing exercise programs for these populations. The aims of the present study were (1) to quantify the number of teaching hours focused on exercise in patients with cancer or overweight/obesity and (2) to collect perceptions of SES teachers of whether these hours are enough to prescribe exercise to these populations adequately. An online survey was sent to 97 university teachers from 58 different institutions in Spain offering the sport and exercise sciences degree. The survey included questions designed to ascertain the number of hours lectured on the topics of exercise and cancer or overweight/obesity. Additionally, it aimed to gather teachers’ perceptions of how prepared students were to work with these populations. Seventy-six teachers (representing a 78% response rate) from 52 different centers (representing 88% of the centers) completed the survey. The teachers reported an average of 8.7 class hours dedicated to exercise and cancer and 17.1 class hours dedicated to exercise in patients with overweight/obesity. Teachers expressed low satisfaction with the number of class hours allocated to cancer education (2.2 points out of 5) and a neutral response regarding the allocation of hours to overweight/obesity (3.1 points out of 5). The findings of the current study suggest that Spanish SES students may be receiving a limited amount of instruction in the area of exercise prescription for patients with cancer and overweight/obesity. Although the curriculum is explicitly dedicated to training SES students, teachers believe that additional training in specific exercise prescription for people with cancer would enhance SES qualifications.
Gespalten zwischen Stadt und Land? Neue Ansätze der Ländlichkeitsforschung und die Perspektiven der Zeitgeschichte
Authors: Schlimm Anette
Published: February 2025

In den letzten Jahren mehren sich die Anzeichen für einen neuen oder wiederbelebten Konflikt zwischen Stadt und Land, der sich insbesondere in einer Abkehr der Landbevölkerung von der Demokratie zu zeigen scheint. Um diese Gegenwartsdiagnose zeithistorisch zu beurteilen, lohnt es sich, neuere Forschungsansätze zur Ländlichkeit zu nutzen. So werden die Vielfalt ländlicher Räume, ihre permanente Produktion durch diskursive und materielle Praktiken sowie die zahlreichen Verschränkungen mit anderen ländlichen oder städtischen Räumen sichtbar. Dadurch lassen sich vielfältige Forschungsgegenstände für die Zeitgeschichte erschließen, die bislang stark urban geprägt war. Die Zeitgeschichte kann darüber hinaus mit historischer Komplexität zu gegenwartsbezogenen Forschungen beitragen und die These von der (räumlich) gespaltenen Gesellschaft kritisch hinterfragen.
Smoothing, scattering and a conjecture of Fukaya
Authors: Chan Kwokwai , Leung Naichung Conan , Ma Ziming Nikolas
Published: February 2025

In 2002, Fukaya [19] proposed a remarkable explanation of mirror symmetry detailing the Strominger–Yau–Zaslow (SYZ) conjecture [47] by introducing two correspondences: one between the theory of pseudo-holomorphic curves on a Calabi–Yau manifold

$\check {X}$

and the multivalued Morse theory on the base

$\check {B}$

of an SYZ fibration

$\check {p}\colon \check {X}\to \check {B}$

, and the other between deformation theory of the mirror X and the same multivalued Morse theory on

$\check {B}$

. In this paper, we prove a reformulation of the main conjecture in Fukaya’s second correspondence, where multivalued Morse theory on the base

$\check {B}$

is replaced by tropical geometry on the Legendre dual B. In the proof, we apply techniques of asymptotic analysis developed in [7, 9] to tropicalize the pre-dgBV algebra which governs smoothing of a maximally degenerate Calabi–Yau log variety introduced in [8]. Then a comparison between this tropicalized algebra with the dgBV algebra associated to the deformation theory of the semiflat part

$X_{\mathrm {sf}} \subset X$

allows us to extract consistent scattering diagrams from appropriate Maurer–Cartan solutions.
¿Cómo no tener que saber? Tecnicismos jurídicos y delitos flagrantes en Santiago, Chile
Authors: Araya-Moreno Javiera
Published: February 2025

Sobre la base de información recolectada en tribunales de primera instancia y en una unidad del Ministerio Público en Santiago, Chile, en este artículo se explora la manera en que el sistema de justicia penal trata los delitos considerados “flagrantes.” Citando literatura sobre tecnicismos jurídicos, describo cómo los delitos flagrantes se construyen a través de prácticas que hacen posible para los actores involucrados evitar referirse directamente a los supuestos hechos. Desde su identificación en las calles por parte de policías a su asignación a otra unidad del Ministerio Público, los delitos flagrantes se definen por una manera específica de aproximarse a los supuestos hechos, la que consiste en prácticas organizacionales y documentales específicas. Estas prácticas contrastan con el rol marginal de la detención “en flagrancia” según el Código Procesal Penal. Como un tecnicismo, el carácter flagrante del delito expresa ciertas suposiciones epistemológicas respecto a cómo determinar lo que pasó y lo que exactamente lo constituye. Más específicamente, el carácter flagrante expresa suposiciones sobre lo que, por el momento, no puede ser sabido y puede, por tanto, ser ignorado a través del proceso burocrático y judicial.
Evaluating the Application of Probation as a Non-Custodial Sentence under the Nigerian Administration of Criminal Justice Act 2015: Lessons from Kenya
Authors: Omodanisi Kemi Beatrice
Published: February 2025

This article evaluates the application of probation orders in Nigeria. It offers a detailed discussion of international legal frameworks for probation and in particular discusses penal provisions that provide for probation, while noting innovations provided by the Administration of Criminal Justice Act 2015, the Administration of Criminal Justice Laws of States and the Nigerian Correctional Services Act 2019. The article highlights the benefits, terms and conditions and duties of a probation officer and the application of probation in Nigeria. Complementarily, it discusses Kenya as a jurisdiction, where judicial activism and other underpinning factors have occasioned a robust application of probation. The article also identifies noticeable gaps which hinder the robust application of probation in Nigeria and proffers solutions by way of recommendations.
Anthropogenic Disturbances Superimpose Climate Effects on Soil Organic Carbon in Savanna Woodlands of Sub‐Saharan Africa
Authors: Jorge F. , Mutwale‐Mutale N. , Sandhage‐Hofmann A. , Braun M. , Cambule A. , Nhantumbo A. , Chabala L. M. , Shepande C. , Chishala B. , Lisboa S. , Matangue M. , Schmidt M. , Amelung W.
Published: February 2025

Savanna ecosystems in sub‐Saharan Africa harbor substantial yet relatively unexplored reserves of soil organic carbon (SOC). Our study unravels for the first time the interplay between climate, reference soil groups, and anthropogenic disturbances in shaping SOC dynamics in these ecosystems. We analyzed SOC along climosequences in natural woodlands in Mozambique and Zambia, with mean annual temperature (MAT) of 20–24°C, and mean annual precipitation (MAP) of 365–1,227 mm. Anthropogenic disturbances were assessed through comprehensive field surveys and remote sensing of vegetation and indices change. MAT and evapotranspiration (PET) had no discernible effect on SOC. Bulk SOC, particulate organic matter, and mineral‐associated organic matter stocks in the topsoil (0–10 cm) increased with MAP, though this relationship was not significant for the subsoil. MAP explained only 35% of topsoil SOC variability, limited by anthropogenic disturbances, which raised SOC stocks in the dry savanna but resulted in SOC losses at >600 mm MAP, which even extended into subsoil. For sites with little disturbance in the past decades, there were soil group‐specific effects of MAP on SOC, explaining up to 85% of data variability. In disturbed sites, human presence altered the carbon (C) balance to an extent that, as rough estimate, could account for up to 2.6 Gt CO2‐C loss over 20 years in wetter sites, with another 2.4 Gt CO2‐C at risk as populations spread into these otherwise pristine environments. Accurate modeling of climate‐change effects on the C cycle must therefore include the transformative impacts of current human activities, such as wood harvesting and grazing.
Geographical Patterns and Determinants of Selenium Deficiency in Tibet: A Cross‐Sectional Study Based on Urinary Selenium Analysis
Authors: Yang Yi , Zhang Ru , Deji Yangzong , Li You , Li Yonghua
Published: February 2025

Selenium is an essential micronutrient, yet its deficiency poses severe health risks, including Kashin‐Beck disease, a debilitating disorder endemic to selenium‐deficient regions like Tibet. Despite the known risks, the extent and drivers of selenium deficiency in Tibetan populations remain poorly characterized. Here, we present the first large‐scale assessment of urinary selenium levels across Tibet, based on 637 systematically collected samples, revealing an average concentration of 7.71 μg/L, far below adequate thresholds. Dietary patterns, particularly reliance on the red meat and vegetable diet, emerged as the dominant factor influencing selenium levels, while aging was associated with a marked decline in selenium status. Geographical factors were found to exert indirect but significant effects. These findings highlight critical selenium deficiencies among Tibetan residents and emphasize the urgent need for targeted interventions, including the introduction of selenium‐enriched foods, to mitigate health risks—especially for older populations most at risk.
Mercury Sources Between Zhongshan Station and Dome A, Eastern Antarctica Identified Using Mercury Stable Isotopes
Authors: Li Chuanjin , Chen Jiubin , Shi Guitao , Sun Ruoyu , Zheng Wang , Angot Hélène , Ding Minghu , Cai Hongming , Du Zhiheng , Guo Rui , Xiao Cunde , Sun Bo , Ren Jiawen , Qin Dahe
Published: February 2025

Although mercury (Hg) is a neurotoxic metal of global relevance, its Antarctic biogeochemical cycles are not well characterized. Here, we present the total Hg (THg) distribution and stable isotopic fractionation between the Zhongshan Station and Dome A (1,248 km), in eastern Antarctica, to characterize THg sources and controlling factors. Surface snow samples and snow blocks similarly exhibited higher THg concentrations in the coastal and interior sections than the intermediate section. From the THg distribution and stable isotopic fractionation (notably for 200Hg and 202Hg), we inferred an adjacent oceanic Hg source for the coastal section and primary oceanic sources at 63°S–55°S and 50°S–45°S for the intermediate and interior sections, respectively. Snow drifting and postdepositional effects also influenced THg concentrations and stable isotopic fractionation, particularly in areas with marked terrain slope variations. Finally, the stratospheric contribution of THg near Dome A was negligible, with a possible transport pathway through the lower troposphere.
Elevation‐Dependent Vegetation Greening and Its Responses to Climate Changes in the South Slope of the Himalayas
Authors: Mukhtar Hamza , Yang Yujia , Xu Mengjiao , Wu Jiujiang , Abbas Sawaid , Wei Da , Zhao Wei
Published: February 2025

The South Slope of the Himalayas (SSH) is witnessing dynamic shifts in vegetation greenness driven by climatic conditions across elevation variability. Here, we analyzed greening patterns of natural vegetated surfaces along the elevational gradient and examined their connection to climate changes from 2000 to 2022. Over 50% area of SSH exhibited significant greening, with higher rates in Central Himalayas (CH) and Western Himalayas (WH) compared to Eastern Himalayas (EH). The relative change rate (RCR) showed a notable increasing vegetation greenness from ∼2,600 to ∼5,000 m, followed by a decreasing trend in all subregions. Results showed that air temperature promoted the vegetation greening significantly in the high mountains but caused heat stress in lowlands of CH and WH. Precipitation supported growth in the middle mountains across the region except EH, which faced waterlogging stress. These findings are valuable for understanding vegetation changes under future climate changes and advancing our knowledge of ecosystem responses.
Radiocarbon Fingerprinting Black Carbon Source History in the Himalayas
Authors: Wang Mo , Wang Hailong , Xu Baiqing , Li Zhen , Zhao Huabiao , Li Jiule , Cui Anning , Zhu Sanyuan , Li Jun
Published: February 2025

Black carbon (BC) is considered as an important contributor to the Himalayan glaciers melt in the past few decades. However, the long‐term source apportionment of BC remains unclear. Here we present the first radiocarbon (14C)‐based annual variation of BC source apportionment in an ice core spanning the period of 1959–2012 drilled from the Southeastern Tibetan Plateau, a receptor site of South Asia outflow. We find fossil fuel combustion is a major contribution (73% ± 5%), yet the biomass burning fraction (ƒbiomass) has grown from 24% ± 4% to 30% ± 4% since 1990. Intriguingly, we further find the ƒbiomass demonstrating a robust correlation with South Asian wildfires linked to climate oscillations. Thus, for mitigating BC impacts on Himalayan glaciers, South Asia's transition from fossil fuels to clean energy is a more efficient and urgent strategy than reducing residential biomass burning.
Deciphering Landslide Precursors From Spatiotemporal Ground Motion Using Persistent Homology
Authors: Mei Jiangzhou , Ma Gang , Guo Chengqian , Wu Ting , Zhao Jidong , Zhou Wei
Published: February 2025

Landslides are major natural disasters that pose significant challenges for prediction. Recent advances in monitoring tools have led to the accumulation of monitoring data with high spatiotemporal resolution, calling for new and robust methodologies to efficiently analyze these complex big data and accurately predict landslides. Here, we present a persistent homology‐based method that integrates the slope‐scale monitoring data from interferometric synthetic aperture radar with novel measures of spatiotemporal evolution of slope deformation to identify early warning precursors for impending landslides. Our proposed method can capture critical patterns of accelerated deformation evolution and generate warning signals long before the landslide occurrence. Six case studies confirm the effectiveness and accuracy of the proposed method in landslide prediction, with a leading time exceeding 100 days for the Xinmo and Mud Creek landslides. Strong spatiotemporal correlations of slope deformation underscore long‐range effective predictions. Our method offers a new, robust alternative to the conventional threshold‐based approach for understanding and predicting landslides in natural slopes.
Integrating the Interconnections Between Groundwater and Land Surface Processes Through the Coupled NASA Land Information System and ParFlow Environment
Authors: Maina Fadji Z. , Rosen Dan , Abbaszadeh Peyman , Yang Chen , Kumar Sujay V. , Rodell Matthew , Maxwell Reed
Published: February 2025

Understanding the interactions between the atmosphere, the land, and the subsurface is fundamental to hydrology and is critical for a better assessment of the impacts of climate change and human management on hydrological systems. However, many land surface models simplify the subsurface hydrology and thereby these interactions. In this study, we couple the land surface model Noah‐MP included in the NASA Land Information System (LIS) with the integrated hydrologic model ParFlow (ParFlow‐LIS) using the Earth System Modeling Framework (ESMF) and the National United Operational Prediction Capability (NUOPC). This coupling improves the simulation of water and energy cycle processes by adding the three‐dimensional variably saturated and heterogeneous flow in the subsurface using sophisticated and nonlinear physics‐based equations as well as the advances in satellite remote sensing‐based data assimilation of the land surface, thereby benefiting the integrated hydrologic modeling and data assimilation community. We use the High Plains aquifer, located in the central United States, as a testbed to evaluate the coupled ParFlow‐LIS system. The new ParFlow‐LIS system accounts for the effects of topographically driven flows on the land surface, producing more fine‐scale patterns of land surface states and fluxes than standalone LIS. In addition, ParFlow‐LIS enables the consideration of the effect of subsurface water storage on evapotranspiration. This is particularly important in areas and times with dry soils, such as during drought conditions or in the presence of a cone of depression due to pumping.
The Rapid Transition From Shallow to Precipitating Convection as a Predator–Prey Process
Authors: Vraciu Cristian V. , Savre Julien , Colin Maxime
Published: February 2025

Properly predicting the rapid transition from shallow to precipitating atmospheric convection within a diurnal cycle over land is of great importance for both weather prediction and climate projections. In this work, we consider that a cumulus cloud is formed due to the transport of water mass by multiple updrafts during its lifetime. Cumulus clouds then locally create favorable conditions for the subsequent convective updrafts to reach higher altitudes, leading to deeper precipitating convection. This mechanism is amplified by the cold pools formed by the evaporation of precipitation in the sub‐cloud layer. Based on this conceptual view of cloud–cloud interactions which goes beyond the one cloud equals one–plume picture, it is argued that precipitating clouds may act as predators that prey on the total cloud population, such that the rapid shallow–to–deep transition can be modeled as a simple predator–prey system. This conceptual model is validated by comparing solutions of the Lotka‐Volterra system of equations to results obtained using a high‐resolution large‐eddy simulation model. Moreover, we argue that the complete diurnal cycle of deep convection can be seen as a predator–prey system with varying food supply for the prey. Finally, we suggest that based on the present conceptual model, new unified cloud‐convection parameterizations can be designed which may lead to improved representations of the transition from shallow to precipitating continental convection.
Physiological responses to retinopathy of prematurity screening: indirect ophthalmoscopy versus ultra-widefield retinal imaging
Authors: Purohit Ravi , Usman Fatima , Ie Amanda , van der Vaart Marianne , Robinson Shellie , Buckle Miranda , Baxter Luke , Clee Michelle , Clifford Amanda , Adams Eleri , Slater Rebeccah , Patel Chetan K. , Hartley Caroline , Xue Kanmin
Published: February 2025

Background/Aims

Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) screening is vital for early disease detection in very premature infants but can cause physiological instability. This study compares the physiological response to binocular indirect ophthalmoscopy (BIO) with indentation and non-contact ultra-widefield (UWF) retinal imaging in non-ventilated neonates. The impact of the Dandle WRAP, a specialised swaddling aid, on UWF imaging was also assessed.

Methods

This retrospective study included 86 ROP screening events in 66 non-ventilated infants aged 35.3 weeks (range 30.6–44.6). Vital signs were continuously recorded, evaluating immediate (within 15 min) and longer-term (within 12 h) physiological responses.

Results

ROP screening significantly increased heart and respiratory rates and decreased oxygen saturation within 15 min of screening. No significant differences in physiological responses were found between BIO and UWF imaging, although there was a trend towards lower maximum heart rate with UWF imaging. The Dandle WRAP did not significantly alter physiological responses but improved the ease and speed of UWF imaging.

Conclusion

UWF imaging does not increase physiological instability compared to BIO in non-ventilated infants. Specialised swaddling aids may facilitate the imaging procedure.

Impact

ROP screening can be distressing for premature infants and induce physiological instability during and after the examination. We deployed non-contact ultra-widefield retinal imaging as the default method of ROP screening and show that it induces comparable physiological responses as traditional indirect ophthalmoscopy in non-ventilated babies. Dandle WRAP swaddling facilitated handling and speed of retinal imaging. The study demonstrates that imaging-based ROP screening is safe and efficacious in non-ventilated neonates, and continuous multimodal physiological recordings can provide detailed assessment of the effects of procedures and medications.
A pooled analysis evaluating prognostic significance of Residual Cancer Burden in invasive lobular breast cancer
Authors: Mukhtar Rita A. , Gottipati Soumya , Yau Christina , López-Tarruella Sara , Earl Helena , Hayward Larry , Hiller Louise , Osdoit Marie , van der Noordaa Marieke , de Croze Diane , Hamy Anne-Sophie , Laé Marick , Reyal Fabien , Sonke Gabe S. , Steenbruggen Tessa G. , van Seijen Maartje , Wesseling Jelle , Martín Miguel , del Monte-Millán Maria , Boughey Judy C. , Goetz Matthew P. , Hoskin Tanya , Valero Vicente , Edge Stephen B. , Abraham Jean E. , Bartlett John M. S. , Caldas Carlos , Dunn Janet , Provenzano Elena , Sammut Stephen-John , Thomas Jeremy S. , Graham Ashley , Hall Peter , Mackintosh Lorna , Fan Fang , Godwin Andrew K. , Schwensen Kelsey , Sharma Priyanka , DeMichele Angela M. , Cole Kimberly , Pusztai Lajos , Kim Mi-Ok , J van ’t Veer Laura , Cameron David , Esserman Laura J. , Fraser Symmans W.
Published: February 2025

Residual Cancer Burden (RCB) after neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) is validated to predict event-free survival (EFS) in breast cancer but has not been studied for invasive lobular carcinoma (ILC). We studied patient-level data from a pooled cohort across 12 institutions. Associations between RCB index, class, and EFS were assessed in ILC and non-ILC with mixed effect Cox models and multivariable analyses. Recursive partitioning was used in an exploratory model to stratify prognosis by RCB components. Of 5106 patients, the diagnosis was ILC in 216 and non-ILC in 4890. Increased RCB index was associated with worse EFS in both ILC and non-ILC (p = 0.002 and p < 0.001, respectively) and remained prognostic when stratified by receptor subtype and adjusted for age, grade, T category, and nodal status. Recursive partitioning demonstrated residual invasive cancer cellularity as most prognostic in ILC. These results underscore the utility of RCB for evaluating NAC response in those with ILC.
Effects of a marine heatwave associated with the Kuroshio Extension large meander on extreme precipitation in September 2023
Authors: Hirata Hidetaka , Kawamura Ryuichi , Nonaka Masami
Published: February 2025

In 2023, the Kuroshio Extension (KE) exhibited an unusually large meander (LM) path, which caused a significant increase in sea surface temperatures, a marine heatwave (MHW), to the east of Japan. Although this MHW has the potential to influence heavy precipitation, it has not yet been examined. Here, we address this issue by examining an extreme precipitation event that occurred in Japan in September 2023 using high-resolution cloud-resolving numerical experiments. Results indicated that the MHW contributed to an increase in surface precipitation by ~ 300 mm, accounting for ~ 70% of the total precipitation. This precipitation intensification was attributed to the MHW-enhanced atmospheric instability and its influence on the formation and positioning of surface fronts. This research suggests that the KE-LM-induced MHW has elevated the risk of heavy precipitation in Japan, with significant societal implications. These findings could be applied to other regions such as the Northeastern United States.
Annealing-inspired training of an optical neural network with ternary weights
Authors: Skalli Anas , Goldmann Mirko , Haghighi Nasibeh , Reitzenstein Stephan , Lott James A. , Brunner Daniel
Published: February 2025

Artificial neural networks (ANNs) represent a fundamentally connectionist and distributed approach to computing, and as such they differ from classical computers that utilize the von Neumann architecture. This has revived research interest in new unconventional hardware for more efficient ANNs rather than emulating them on traditional machines. To fully leverage ANNs, optimization algorithms must account for hardware limitations and imperfections. Photonics offers a promising platform with scalability, speed, energy efficiency, and parallel processing capabilities. However, fully autonomous optical neural networks (ONNs) with in-situ learning are scarce. In this work, we propose and demonstrate a ternary weight high-dimensional semiconductor laser-based ONN and introduce a method for achieving ternary weights using Boolean hardware, enhancing the ONN’s information processing capabilities. Furthermore, we design an in-situ optimization algorithm that is compatible with both Boolean and ternary weights. Our algorithm results in benefits, both in terms of convergence speed and performance. Our experimental results show the ONN’s long-term inference stability, with a consistency above 99% for over 10 h. Our work is of particular relevance in the context of in-situ learning under restricted hardware resources, especially since minimizing the power consumption of auxiliary hardware is crucial to preserving efficiency gains achieved by non-von Neumann ANN implementations.
Comparison of volatile compounds among different types of Tieguanyin oolong tea using DHI-GC-MS
Authors: Su Desen , Zheng Yunyun , Huang Minmin , Chen Ziqiang , Chen Lisong , Chen Meizhen , Yao Qinghua
Published: February 2025

Profile the differences of the volatile constituent in three TGY using DHI-GC-MS.
Eutectic Electrolyte: New Platform for High-safety Batteries
Authors: Liu Zheng , Feng Fan , Feng Wanchang , Wang Guanwen , Qi Bin , Gong Ming , Zhang Fan , Pang Huan
Published: February 2025

Eutectic electrolytes (EEs) have garnered significant attention in the field of metal-ion batteries due to their remarkable properties, including high flame retardancy and excellent thermal and electrochemical stability. Beyond the...
Bio-inspired polypyrrole nanowire arrays on melamine foam with high-performance photo/electro-thermal conversion for all-weather cleanup of crude oil
Authors: Wang Qin , Liu Yu-long , Huang Zi-jie , Tang Zi-cheng , Sun De-xiang , Yang Jing-hui , Qi Xiao-dong , Wang Yong
Published: February 2025

Moth-eye structured polypyrrole nanowire arrays (PPy NWAs) enable all-weather crude oil adsorption via photo/electrothermal conversion.
Dual-plating aqueous Zn–iodine batteries enabled via halogen-complexation chemistry for large-scale energy storage
Authors: Li Hong , Huang Bosi , Chuai Mingyan , Zheng Zhiyang , Chen Hao , Piao Zhihong , Zhou Guangmin , Fan Hong Jin
Published: February 2025

Very simple Ah-level aqueous batteries are realized by employing an X electrolyte which can fundamentally inhibit the polyiodide shuttle effect and zinc dendrite growth.
Effect of chiral camphor thiolate ligands on the structure and stability of Au19 nanoclusters
Authors: Zhang Xiaoya , Wu Shuwen , Li Qinzhen , Chai Jinsong , Gao Guiqi , Huang Baoyu , Yang Sha , Zhu Manzhou
Published: February 2025

The three order-hierarchy chiral structure of the Au19 cluster, consisting of chiral ligands, M–L arrangement and kernel, endows it with excellent stability in alkaline, thermal, and reducing environments.
Annona squamosa seeds capped calcium oxide nano particles – anti-microbial, antioxidant, anti-ulcer analysis
Authors: T Sarathamani , V Kalaiselvi , B Blessymol , S Gopi , Khuwaja Gulrana , Palanismy Sivasubramanian , Ismail Khatib Sayeed , Ali Syed Kashif , Sillanpaa Mika , Ayrilmis Nadir
Published: February 2025

Custard apple, which has high antioxidant and anticancer properties, was mixed 1 : 1 with calcium chloride to form nanoparticles and investigated for various applications.
Hollowing integration engineering to construct MOF-derived carbon composites for lightweight and efficient microwave absorption materials
Authors: Zhang Zhe , Cui Jiewu , Yu Dongbo , Zhang Pengjie , Sun Wei , Zhang Yong , Ma Song , Liang Xiaohui , Wu Yucheng
Published: February 2025

Hollow particle-integrated Co-ZIF-HPT-700 nanotube composites reach RLmin values of −76.93 dB at 8.96 GHz (10 wt% filling). Tuned thickness enables full-band absorption in the X and Ku bands, demonstrating superior microwave absorption potential.
Clustering‐based recommendation method with enhanced grasshopper optimisation algorithm
Authors: Zhao Zihao , Xia Yingchun , Xu Wenjun , Yu Hui , Yang Shuai , Chen Cheng , Yuan Xiaohui , Zhou Xiaobo , Wang Qingyong , Gu Lichuan
Published: February 2025

In the era of big data, personalised recommendation systems are essential for enhancing user engagement and driving business growth. However, traditional recommendation algorithms, such as collaborative filtering, face significant challenges due to data sparsity, algorithm scalability, and the difficulty of adapting to dynamic user preferences. These limitations hinder the ability of systems to provide highly accurate and personalised recommendations. To address these challenges, this paper proposes a clustering‐based recommendation method that integrates an enhanced Grasshopper Optimisation Algorithm (GOA), termed LCGOA, to improve the accuracy and efficiency of recommendation systems by optimising cluster centroids in a dynamic environment. By combining the K‐means algorithm with the enhanced GOA, which incorporates a Lévy flight mechanism and multi‐strategy co‐evolution, our method overcomes the centroid sensitivity issue, a key limitation in traditional clustering techniques. Experimental results across multiple datasets show that the proposed LCGOA‐based method significantly outperforms conventional recommendation algorithms in terms of recommendation accuracy, offering more relevant content to users and driving greater customer satisfaction and business growth.
Analytical model for ring winding axial flux permanent magnet motor using Schwarz–Christoffel conformal mapping
Authors: Bapiri Mohammad , Vahedi Abolfazl , Azizi Moghaddam Hossein
Published: February 2025

Recently, there has been a growing interest in new permanent magnet (PM) motor topologies. However, these newly developed PM motors are still in their early design stages and face various challenges. In order to overcome these drawbacks, further development of these motor topologies is necessary. One such new motor topology is the ring winding axial flux permanent magnet (RWAFPM) motor. Enhancing the performance of this motor requires optimising its geometry, which can be a time‐consuming process when using the three‐dimensional (3D) finite element method (FEM). It is essential to propose a two‐dimensional model that offers faster processing but lower accuracy to address this issue compared to 3D FEM for this motor. Due to the three‐dimensional structure of ring‐winding axial flux machine|axial flux motors, creating a two‐dimensional (2D) model for this motor presents a significant challenge. In this article, while studying the RWAFPM motor, the simplifications to the motor's geometry have been proposed in order to create a 2D model that provides sufficient accuracy as a substitute for 3D FEM. To validate our findings, the Schwarz–Christoffel conformal mapping technique has been employed to extract the modelling results. Finally, these findings have been compared with the outcomes obtained from the 3D simulation. Validation. Validation of 3D finite element results has been done by experimental results.
Decolonizing Development Studies: Rejecting or Repurposing the Master’s Tools?
Authors: Meagher Kate
Published: February 2025

Focusing on the project of decolonizing Development Studies, this thought piece reflects on tensions between Decolonial Studies and the critical political-economy of Development, known as Critical Development Studies. It highlights the divergent approaches to addressing epistemic inequalities between these two streams of Development thinking, demonstrating that Critical Development Studies has a longer history of valorising development knowledge from the Global South, and a focus on the need to address structural as well as epistemic inequalities. The analysis challenges the palliative cultural focus of Decolonial Studies and exposes its vulnerability to neoliberal capture at the epistemic and the political levels in ways that risk perpetuating colonial subordination. With examples from the African context, this thought piece argues that Critical Development Studies advances a more transformative approach to decolonizing Development Studies through its emphasis on the role of epistemic recognition as part of the wider objective of material redistribution.
Fiber-tip photothermal transducer with gold-coated multi-beam interferometric cavity for high sensitivity gas detection
Authors: Ran Sixiang , Ni Wenjun , Yang Chunyong , Zhao Zhongke , Jiang Zhengshuo , Lin Qiaosong , He Bingze , Wu Ruiming , Shum Perry Ping
Published: February 2025

The power-boosted laser transmitted via a fiber tip sinusoidally excites the target trace molecules, generating a photothermal (PT) effect. The Gaussian-distributed plane wave heats the medium adjacent to the Fresnel reflection surface. Meanwhile, a continuous probe light traverses the heating field, and the periodic temperature change then modulates the phase of the probe light. A multi-beam interferometer formed by aligning the Fresnel reflection surface to a gold-coated high-reflection surface possesses high resolution and sensitivity, significantly enhancing the detection performance. A well-established theoretical model of instantaneous PT transduction and optical phase modulation is employed to obtain the optimized interferometric configuration. To validate the effective interferometric phase transformation within the cavity, a comparison is made between the simple silicon cavity and the gold-coated cavity. The limitation of detection of such extrinsic fiber-tip PT sensors indicates one magnitude lower as compared to the conventional PT interferometric gas sensor with such robust and compact sensing designs. This work lays a solid foundation for future research on gas laser phase modulators and nonlinear laser–matter interactions.
Symmetric oscillatory flow induces asymmetric lift on a bottom-mounted horizontal cylinder
Authors: Jiang Hongyi , Teng Yunfei , Cheng Liang , Draper Scott , An Hongwei
Published: February 2025

Peak hydrodynamic loads and on-bottom stability of subsea pipelines and cables laid on seabed are major design considerations in engineering practice. The analogous problem of a bottom-mounted cylinder subjected to wave-induced sinusoidal oscillatory flow has been investigated in different experimental and numerical studies, which coincidently reported an interesting and puzzling phenomenon where symmetric sinusoidal oscillatory flow is shown to induce asymmetric lift on the cylinder between the two halves of an oscillation period (T). The present study unveils the physical mechanism for this lift asymmetry through new analysis based on both flume experiment and numerical simulation. By decomposing the pressure into a reference pressure for which the cylinder is removed, and a dynamic pressure due to the presence of the cylinder body, we found that the degree of lift asymmetry (ΔCL) is proportional to both the difference in reference pressure between two time instants T/2 apart and the width of seal/contact commonly used to connect the cylinder and the plane boundary. Based on the physical understanding of the lift asymmetry, a method is proposed to predict ΔCL and to convert the time history of the lift coefficient (CL) obtained from an experimental/numerical study to that induced by actual subsea conditions, which enables quantification of the peak lift and on-bottom stability of the pipeline/cable.
Regional heat stress maps for grazing dairy cows in New Zealand under climate change
Authors: Woodward S. J. R. , Beukes P. C. , Edwards J. P. , Verhoek K. J. , Jago J. G. , Zammit C.
Published: February 2025

Context For dairy cows housed indoors, ambient temperature and relative humidity are key drivers of heat stress, whereas for cows kept outdoors, solar radiation and wind speed are also important. Solar radiation directly increases the heat load on cows, whereas wind speed affects their ability to dissipate heat through convection and evaporation. Aim We aimed to determine whether climate-driven changes in these variables affect heat stress risk where cows are outdoors during summer and shoulder seasons, particularly in pasture-based farming systems such as in New Zealand. Understanding outdoor-specific factors is crucial for accurately assessing and mitigating heat stress in grazing dairy cattle, because their management needs differ substantially from those in housed systems. Methods Using daily climate projection data from 2006 to 2098, peak daily values of the temperature–humidity index (THI) of Thom and the grazing heat-load index (GHLI) of Bryant were calculated and used to map predicted changes in both the annual (June–May) number of days with heat stress risk and also the annual accumulated heat stress exposure (the sum of effective degrees Celsius above the threshold) for dairy production regions of New Zealand. Key results The results illustrated the limitations of using THI in the context of outdoor use, where solar radiation and wind speed are shown to be more important than relative humidity. The GHLI predicted that the risk of heat stress is already high in the Waikato (69 days), Bay of Plenty (69 days) and Canterbury (80 days) regions in the 2020s. Canterbury was also notable for having high heat stress exposure within day compared with other regions (i.e. heat stress days were particularly intense), attributable to the combined effect of high air temperatures, high solar radiation and low wind speeds. Conclusions According to climate projections, regions already experiencing high numbers of heat stress risk days and heat stress exposure in the 2020s will experience the greatest increases in heat stress risk to the 2050s. However, dramatic increases in the number of heat stress days are not anticipated. Implications This allows research and development to focus on mitigation practices in these regions where dairy farming systems must adapt to a changing climate. Mitigation strategies may include provision of shade, access to sprinklers, genetic selection for heat stress resilience, modifying feeding regimes to reduce heat load, or development of new solutions and technologies.
The relationship between the presence of people, fire patterns and persistence of two threatened species in the Great Sandy Desert
Authors: Paltridge Rachel , Napangati Yalti , Ward Yukultji , Nangagee Johnny , James Mantua , Olodoodi Raymond , Napangati Nanyuma , Eldridge Stephen , Schubert Andrew , Blackwood Edward , Legge Sarah
Published: February 2025

Context Indigenous Australians who lived in the desert used fire for many purposes. The interruption of these practices following colonisation, and the spread of invasive predators, coincided with massive faunal loss. Many extant species are still threatened by invasive predators and changed fire regimes. The study indicates that reinvigoration of traditional fire practice could help conserve declining species. The work presented here arises from a collaboration of scientists and Pintupi people (Traditional Custodians of the Kiwirrkurra Indigenous Protected Area, IPA). Some Pintupi co-authors grew up with a traditional nomadic lifestyle, and they include members of the Pintupi Nine, the last Pintupi people to walk out of that nomadic life, joining the Kiwirrkurra community in 1984. Aim To understand how traditional burning practices affect two threatened and culturally significant species: ninu (greater bilby, Macrotis lagotis) and tjalapa (great desert skink, Liopholis kintorei), on the Kiwirrkurra IPA. Methods We used satellite imagery to examine fire regimes in a 40-year time series (1980–2020) that includes transitions of people leaving, or returning, to different parts of the IPA. We collated information about traditional fire practices shared by Kiwirrkurra co-authors. Finally, we examined how ninu and tjalapa are affected by people presence and the fire regime. Results People influenced the fire regime by burning while hunting, by increasing the number of fires, decreasing their size, shifting the fire season (towards cooler months), and increasing the extent of long-unburnt vegetation. This regime reduced the fire extent after prolonged, widespread rainfall. Hunters have been active in the Kiwirrkurra community over the past 35 years, and fire patterns resemble those in the 1950s before the desert was depopulated. Under this fire regime, both bilbies and great desert skinks have persisted over 20 years of monitoring, with no large fires occurring since 2002. By contrast, they have disappeared from surrounding unmanaged parts of the landscape. Conclusions We suggest traditional burning helps ninu and tjalapa by increasing food resources in the fresh firescars and reducing vulnerability to predators by maintaining more mature habitat. Implications We support the use of traditional foot-based hunting fires in accessible hunting areas. Where prescribed burning is used for conservation, we recommend burns that are the width of typical hunting fires (~100−200 m wide). After significant rainfall events, burning should occur as grasses cure so that fuel continuity can be broken up, and extensive fires prevented.
Lax pair in m × m matrix functions form of the m-component modified KP hierarchy
Authors: Chen Huizhan , Liu Ling
Published: February 2025

In this paper, the m-component modified KP hierarchy is introduced as an identity expressed in terms of free fermions and tau functions, where tau functions are defined as group

G

L

∞

orbitals. Subsequently, the Hirota bilinear identity, which as a system of partial differential equations, is derived using simple lattice vertex algebra. Finally, we present the bilinear identity in the form of m × m matrix functions. Based on this, we obtain the wave operator, Sato equation, Lax equations, and other pseudo-differential operators in matrix form.
Global dynamics in a Keller–Segel system with rotation and indirect signal production
Authors: Chen Yuanlin , Liu Shuo , Xiang Tian
Published: February 2025

In this work, we study global dynamics in a no-flux initial-boundary value problem (IBVP) for the following fully parabolic minimal Keller–Segel system with matrix-valued sensitivity and indirect signal production:

{

u
t

=
Δ
u
−
χ
∇
⋅

(

u
S
∇
v

)

 
 
 
 
 
 
in 
Ω
×

(

0
,
∞

)

,

v
t

=
Δ
v
−
v
+
w
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
in 
Ω
×

(

0
,
∞

)

,

w
t

=
Δ
w
−
w
+
u
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
in 
Ω
×

(

0
,
∞

)

,

in a bounded and smooth domain

Ω
⊂

R

n

(
n
⩾
1
)

with chemosensitivity parameter χ > 0, nonnegative initial datum

(

u
0

,

v
0

,

w
0

)

and no-flux boundary conditions. Here, S is a given n × n matrix representing rotational effect.
First, when

n
∈
{
1
,
2
,
3
}

, without further conditions on the underlying domains, initial data and sensitivity matrices, we establish global boundedness of classical solutions to the corresponding IBVP. Next, for S commuting with rotation or

S
=
a
I
+
A

with

A
T

=
−
A

and

a
∈

R

, we show that the above IBVP preserves the radial symmetry of initial data. Then, when

Ω
=

B
R

⊂

R

4

and

S
=
cos
⁡
θ
⋅
I
+
A

with

A
T

=
−
A

and

θ
∈
(
−

π
2

,

π
2

)

, we show global boundedness for

‖

u
0

‖

L
1

(
Ω
)

<

(
8
π

)
2

χ
cos
⁡
θ

and the occurrence of blow-up for

‖

u
0

‖

L
1

(
Ω
)

>

(
8
π

)
2

χ
cos
⁡
θ

. Finally, under certain smallness of

(

u
0

,
∇

v
0

,

w
0

−

w
¯

0

)

in optimal Lebesgue spaces for

n
⩾
1

(smallness of

χ

u
¯

0

cos
⁡
θ

in radial setting for

n
=
1
,
2

), we demonstrate boundedness and exponential convergence of the globally bounded solution

(
u
,
v
,
w
)

to its average

(

u
¯

0

,

u
¯

0

,

u
¯

0

)

. These findings in particular identify that anti-symmetry of the sensitivity matrix A plays no effect in radial framework.
This work provides quantitative and qualitative effects of the sensitivity matrix S on global boundedness, preservation of radial symmetry, blow-up and exponential convergence of bounded solutions in the minimal indirect Keller–Segel model. The exponential convergence is new and fills up a gap even for the (scalar) indirect Keller–Segel model, namely, S being the identity I. Therefore, this work significantly generalises the previous knowledge on the (scalar) indirect Keller–Segel model and the (direct) Keller–Segel model with rotational sensitivity to the indirect Keller–Segel model with rotational effect.