bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A viagem turística dos brasileiros à Argentina: a proposta da revista Viagem e Turismo (1996-2016)
Authors: Troncoso Claudia Alejandra
Published: December 2018

O turismo brasileiro teve uma presença significativa ao longo do tempo na Argentina. No entanto, pouco se sabe da academia sobre essas visitas. O que os turistas procuram saber? Quais são suas expectativas? Que mídia eles consultam para acessar informações sobre a Argentina? Este trabalho questiona como o conjunto de ideias e imagens sobre o país e as propostas para visitá-lo circulam na sociedade brasileira (e, sobretudo, entre seus turistas). Mais especificamente, o objetivo do artigo é identificar a maneira de apresentar a experiência da viagem turística brasileira à Argentina que foi realizada pela revista Viagem e turismo, uma das principais revistas brasileiras especializadas em turismo, desde seus inícios em 1996 até 2016
Editorial
Authors: Arroyo Mónica
Published: December 2018

With the publication of this issue, Geousp - Espaço e Tempo reaffirms its commitment to the construction of a scope capable of harboring the diversity of looks that characterizes Geography.
Bivariate Genome-Wide Association Scan Identifies 6 Novel Loci Associated With Lipid Levels and Coronary Artery Disease
Authors: Siewert Katherine M. , Voight Benjamin F.
Published: December 2018

Background:

Plasma lipid levels are heritable and genetically associated with risk of coronary artery disease (CAD). However, genome-wide association studies (GWAS) routinely analyze these traits independent of one another. Joint GWAS for two related phenotypes can lead to a higher powered analysis to detect variants contributing to both traits.

Methods:

We performed a bivariate GWAS to discover novel loci associated with both heart disease, using a CAD meta-analysis (122 733 cases and 424 528 controls), and lipid traits, using results from the Global Lipid Genetics Consortium (188 577 subjects).

Results:

We identified six previously unreported loci at genome-wide significance (
P
<5×10
−8
), three which were associated with triglycerides and CAD, two which were associated with LDL (low-density lipoprotein) cholesterol and CAD, and one associated with total cholesterol and CAD. At several of our loci, the GWAS signals jointly localize with genetic variants associated with expression level changes for more than one neighboring genes, indicating that these loci may be affecting disease risk through regulatory activity.

Conclusions:

We discovered six novel variants individually associated with both lipids and CAD.
A review of the genus Traegaardhia (Acari, Prostigmata, Rhagidiidae) with descriptions of new species and a key to species
Authors: ZACHARDA MILOSLAV , FONG DANIEL , HOBBS III HORTON H. , PIVA ERMINIO , SLAY MICHAEL E. , TAYLOR STEVEN J.
Published: December 2018

A new supplemented concept of the genus Traegaardhia Zacharda, 1980 (Acari: Rhagidiidae) is presented and descriptions of seven new species of the genus are given. These are Traegaardhia cavernarum n. sp., T. cavernicola n. sp., T. distosolenidia n. sp., T. gracilis n. sp., T. nasuta n. sp., T. subterranea n. sp., from caves located in northeastern Prealps, Italy, and T. similis n. sp. from the Ozark Plateaus, southeastern USA. The neotype of Foveacheles holsingeri Zacharda, 1980 is assigned, the species is redescribed and together with Foveacheles paralleloseta Zacharda, 1985, transferred into the genus Traegaardhia. Foveacheles thaleri n. sp. is described as the possible epigean ancestor of the derivative troglobiotic T. subterranea and the adaptive shift hypothesis and parapatric speciation of T. subterranea is outlined. A key to adults of the known eleven species of the genus Traegaardhia is presented. The biogeography, morphological adaptations to life in caves (troglomorphisms), vicariance and distribution of the presented taxa are briefly discussed. All new taxa are authored by M. Zacharda only.
The hyperdiverse oribatid mite genus Scapheremaeus (Acari: Oribatida: Cymbaeremaeidae) in Australia, with descriptions of new species and consideration of biogeographical affinities
Authors: COLLOFF MATTHEW J.
Published: December 2018

This paper contains descriptions of thirteen new Australian species of Scapheremaeus Berlese, 1910, belonging to the species groups Carinatus from New South Wales and Victoria (S. alisonae sp. nov., S. allmani sp. nov., S. nivalis sp. nov., S. tuberculosus sp. nov. and S. zephyrus sp. nov.), Patella from Western Australia and Tasmania (S. baylyi sp. nov. and S. tegulatus sp. nov.), Petrosus from New South Wales, Tasmania, Victoria and Western Australia (S. bulbosensillatus sp. nov., S. euthemellus sp. nov., S. minjambuta sp. nov., S. notoverrucatus sp. nov. and S. truncatus sp. nov.) and Emarginatus from Queensland (S. walteri sp. nov.), Only members of the predominantly Neotropical and Australasian Carinatus species-group have been described from Australia hitherto, and Australian species constitute a third of this group. The Patella species-group is mostly Afrotropical (four spp.), with one Palaearctic and three Australasian species, including the two new species described herein. The Petrosus species-group, previously known from three Palaearctic, two Oriental and one Neotropical species, is now dominated by five new Australian species described herein. The Emarginatus species-group contains one species each from Australia, New Zealand, Java and Cuba. A key to Australian species is provided. The genus Scapheremaeus contains some 112 species, and can beconsidered hyperdiverse by oribatid standards. Morphological traits are considered that may relate to the ecological diversification and adaptive radiation of Scapheremaeus, particularly those related to species living on leaves and stems within rainforest canopies.
Rediscovery, redescription, and illustrations of the milliped, Mitocybe auriportae Cook and Loomis, 1928 (Colobognatha: Platydesmida: Andrognathidae)
Authors: SHELLEY ROWLAND M.
Published: December 2018

Mitocybe auriportae Cook and Loomis, 1928, is a thread-like, densely pubescent andrognathid milliped that lacks exoskeletal ornamentations and is equivalent in size to the veins in decaying leaves. Its anterior gonopods are dominated by a broad, subtriangular sternum; the falcate ultimate podomere arises subterminally and is directed ventrolaterad. The species is known from a single collection 91 years ago in Marin County, California; I report a new locality in Santa Cruz County and redescribe and illustrate somatic and gonopodal features. Mitocybe Cook and Loomis, 1928, is monotypic; a new species from Guerrero, Mexico, reported 30 years ago, is still undescribed and, from geographical proximity, probably referrable to Andrognathus Cope, 1869. Somatic features of these genera are contrasted. The taxonomy of Platydesmida is uncertain because it is based on somatic, rather than gonopodal, features and because Brachycybe Wood, 1864, bridges the anatomical gap between the two component families. The family-group name, Mitocybeini Hoffman, 1980, is available to accommodate Mitocybe. In situ SEM examinations of colobognath gonopods do not show details of the anterior gonopod sternum, and studies on dissected gonopods are recommended.
Entomacrodus solus, a new species of blenny (Perciformes, Blenniidae) from the Red Sea
Authors: WILLIAMS JEFFREY T. , BOGORODSKY SERGEY V.
Published: December 2018

Entomacrodus solus, new species, is described on the basis of 35 specimens collected by J.E. Randall on a shallow rocky shore at the end of a mangrove channel at Ras Mohammed, Red Sea. The new species belongs to the Nigricans Species Group, which is distinguished from all other blennies in having about the medial third of the ventral margin of the upper lip entire and the lateral thirds crenulate. Within the group, now consisting of 11 species, the new species is distinguished by having only single pores at each preopercular pore position, typically three predorsal commissural pores, and small white spots on lips, head and body. Entomacrodus solus is the only species of the circumtropical genus Entomacrodus known from the Red Sea.
Review of the genus Hexarhopalus Fairmaire, 1891 (Coleoptera, Tenebrionidae, Stenochiinae) from Borneo with description of new species
Authors: PURCHART LUBOŠ
Published: December 2018

Six new species—Hexarhopalus barclayi sp. nov., H. becvari sp. nov., H. ferreri sp. nov., H. iwani sp. nov., H. murudensis sp. nov., and H. rolandi sp. nov. — from Borneo are described. Photos of their habitus and a key to all known species from Borneo are provided.
Two new Afrotropical genera and species of braconine wasps (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) with descriptions of new species
Authors: MAHMOOD KHALID , PAPP JENO , QUICKE DONALD L. J.
Published: December 2018

Two new genera Presoter gen. nov. and Admonitosoter gen. nov. (Braconinae, Braconidae) are erected to include two new species from the southern part of Africa. These species are Presoter yusufi sp. nov., from South Africa and Admonitosoter rafiqui sp. nov. from Congo. These new genera appear closely related to Serrundabracon Achterberg and Soter Saussure.
The family Opisidae (Crustacea: Amphipoda: Lysianassoidea) in Australasian waters
Authors: STODDART H. E. , LOWRY J. K.
Published: December 2018

The lysianassoid amphipod family Opisidae is reported from Australian waters for the first time. Five new species in three genera are described: Normanion hipposideros sp. nov., N. whoi sp. nov., Podoprionella bulla sp. nov., Podoprionides akantha sp. nov., P. moonamoona sp. nov.
Redescriptions of two morphologically confusing sea lice Caligus aesopus Wilson, 1921 and C. spinosus Yamaguti, 1939 (Copepoda: Siphonostomatoida: Caligidae) parasitic on amberjacks (Seriola spp.) from Korea
Authors: CHOE MI-KYUNG , KIM IL-HOI
Published: December 2018

The taxonomically confusing species of sea lice Caligus aesopus Wilson, 1921 and C. spinosus Yamaguti, 1939 are redescribed based on material taken from gills of amberjacks (Seriola spp.) from Korean seas. These two sea lice can be distinguished from each other by the following major differences: (1) the female abdomen of C. aesopus has a lateral constriction in the distal third, but that of C. spinosus is fusiform, without a constriction; (2) the proximal process on the first antennal segment is subcircular distally in C. aesopus, but tapered in C. spinosus; (3) the basis of leg 1 has a small tubercle in C. aesopus, but none in C. spinosus; (4) the protopod (apron) of leg 3 of C. aesopus has an inner patch of less than 15 large spinules, but that of C. spinosus has a patch of more than 25 small spinules; (5) the innermost spine on the third exopodal segment of leg 4 is distinctly longer than the nearby middle spine in C. aesopus, but subequal to the middle spine in C. spinosus; (6) the inner margin of the first maxillipedal segment of the male has four processes in C. aesopus, but three in C. spinosus; and (7) the first maxillipedal segment of the female has a tubercle on the myxal area in C. aesopus, but absent in C. spinosus.
Description of the larvae of Drusus ramae Marinković-Gospodnetić and Drusus medianus Marinković-Gospodnetić (Trichoptera: Limnephilidae) with some genetic, distributional, ecological, faunal and conservation notes
Authors: KUČINIĆ MLADEN , PREVIŠIĆ ANA , STANIĆ-KOŠTROMAN SVJETLANA , FRANJEVIĆ MILIVOJ , JELASKA LUCIJA ŠERIĆ , DELIĆ ANTUN , POSILOVIĆ HRVOJE
Published: December 2018

In this study we present morphological features of the last instar larvae of Drusus ramae Marinković-Gospodnetić, 1971, and Drusus medianus Marinković-Gospodnetić, 1976, both of which are endemic species from Bosnia and Herzegovina. Using the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I gene (COI), larvae of these species were successfully associated with adult specimens. We present the most important diagnostic features enabling separation from larvae of the other Drusus species and an identification key for the known larvae of Drusus species in the Balkan Peninsula. Notes on the distribution and ecology of both species are given. Additionally, faunistics and possible conservation implications for studied springs are discussed.
Erratum—MACHADO, R.J.P. & RAFAEL, J.A. (2010) Two new species of Dilaridae (Insecta: Neuroptera) with additional notes on Brazilian species. Zootaxa, 2421, 61–68.
Authors: MACHADO R. J.P. , RAFAEL J. A.
Published: December 2018

(Erratum)
Revision of the genus Ambracius Stål, 1860 (Heteroptera: Miridae: Deraeocorinae: Clivinematini), with descriptions of three new species
Authors: FERREIRA PAULO SÉRGIO F. , HENRY THOMAS J.
Published: December 2018

The clivinematine genus Ambracius Stål is revised and the three new species Ambracius alineae from Venezuela, A. liviae from the United States (Texas), and A. rudybuenoi from Panama are described and illustrated. The previously known species Ambracius capucinus (Reuter), A. dufouri Stål, A. mexicanus Carvalho, A. pallescens (Distant), A. rubricosus (Distant), and A. vittatus Carvalho are redescribed. A key to species is provided to aid in identification.
A review of the Oriental Japanagromyza Sasakawa (Diptera: Agromyzidae), with descriptions of four new species
Authors: SASAKAWA MITSUHIRO
Published: December 2018

The Oriental agromyzid leafminers of the genus Japanagromyza Sasakawa are reviewed. Four new species, Japanagromyza browni and J. hymenoedemia from Thailand, J. cestra from Malaysia and South China, J. intricata from Malaysia, are described. Six species are recorded as new to Taiwan, Malaysia, Thailand and Vietnam, and one new synonym is established. Key to Oriental species is given. Distribution, systematics and biology of Oriental species are discussed.
A taxonomy of iguanodontians (Dinosauria: Ornithopoda) from the lower Wealden Group (Cretaceous: Valanginian) of southern England
Authors: NORMAN DAVID B.
Published: December 2018

This short review discusses current understanding of the history, anatomy and taxonomy of the lower Wealden Groupaged (Valanginian ~141–137Ma) iguanodontian dinosaurs from southern England. English Wealden iguanodontian taxonomy has been the subject of comment and scrutiny since the latter half of the 19 th century. As proposed over two decades ago, iguanodontians recovered from quarries across this geographic region can be subdivided into anatomically and chronologically distinct assemblages. A review of the lower Wealden Group (Valanginian) assemblage (formerly understood to comprise the relatively poorly known and understood taxa Iguanodon dawsoni, Iguanodon fittoni and Iguanodon hollingtoniensis) establishes the presence of two diagnosable taxa: Barilium dawsoni (Lydekker, 1888) comb. nov. and Hypselospinus fittoni (Lydekker, 1889) comb. nov. The upper Wealden Group (Hauterivian–Lower Aptian) assemblage comprises Iguanodon bernissartensis and Mantellisaurus atherfieldensis. Recent suggestions concerning the creation of additional new Wealden Group taxa reflect systemic misunderstandings of the actual skeletal material. A detailed taxonomic review of all Wealden Group iguanodontians is in preparation.
A new species of Biribellus Galileo, 1987 (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae, Prioninae, Anacolini) from Peru and key to species
Authors: SANTOS-SILVA ANTONIO , HERNANDEZ JUAN JOSÉ RAMÍREZ , GALILEO MARIA HELENA M.
Published: December 2018

Biribellus isabelae, a new species from Peru, is described and illustrated. The new species is compared with B. huedepohli (Galileo, 1987), a species with a very similar general appearance. An updated key to species of Biribellus is provided.
Branchinecta uruguayensis Rogers & Racz Lorenz, 2015 is a junior synonym of B. achalensis César, 1985 (Branchiopoda: Anostraca: Branchinectidae)
Authors: COHEN ROSA GRACIELA , ROGERS D. CHRISTOPHER
Published: December 2018

As part of preparation for identification keys to the branchiopod crustaceans of the Neotropical Region, we re-examined many species of Anostraca that appeared to be closely related. Our examination caused us to re-evaluate the status and relationship of two branchinectid species.
Synonymy of the reduviid (Hemiptera: Heteroptera) genus Torrealbaia (Triatominae) with Amphibolus (Harpactorinae), with notes on Amphibolus venator (Klug, 1830)
Authors: FORERO DIMITRI , WEIRAUCH CHRISTIANE , BAENA MANUEL
Published: December 2018

The monotypic reduviid genus Torrealbaia Carcavallo, Jurberg & Lent, 1998 (Triatominae, Cavernicolini) from Venezuela is synonymized with Amphibolus Klug, 1830 (Harpactorinae) described from Northern Africa. Morphological evidence for the synonymy of Torrealbaia martinezi Carcavallo, Jurberg & Lent, 1998 with Amphibolus venator (Klug, 1830) is discussed. The currently known distribution of A. venator (Northern Africa and the Middle East, Jamaica, India, Japan) is supplemented by new locality data from Venezuela, Canada and India. It is hypothesized that the distributional records of A. venator from the Neotropical region are due to dispersal of this species by human means, possibly with stored products.
Whiteflies of Belize (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae). Part 1 introduction and account of the subfamily Aleurodicinae Quaintance & Baker
Authors: MARTIN JON H.
Published: December 2018

A field survey of sternorrhynchous Hemiptera in Belize, principally conducted within the Chiquibul Forest Reserve, has revealed in excess of 180 species of whiteflies, over 40 of which belong to the subfamily Aleurodicinae. Provided here are a key to all the neotropical genera of Aleurodicinae, an illustrated account of all definable Belize species of Aleurodicinae, and a review of literature that is relevant to systematic studies of New World species in both whitefly subfamilies. Four appendices provide a check list of Belize members of the Aleurodicinae, a list of their known host plants in Belize, a list of nomenclatural changes proposed by this work, and a protocol for the field collection and subsequent laboratory preparation of whitefly specimens. As detailed in Appendix 3, this account proposes one revised subfamilial placement, three new generic synonymies, six new specific synonymies and 12 new combinations; 18 new species are here described.
Typhlomyrmex meire, a remarkable new species endemic to Southern Bahia, Brazil (Formicidae: Ectatomminae)
Authors: LACAU SEBASTIEN , VILLEMANT CLAIRE , DELABIE JACQUES H.C.
Published: December 2018

The worker, queen and male of the ant Typhlomyrmex meire Lacau, Villemant & Delabie new spe- cies (Ectatomminae: Typhlomyrmecini) are described from the Brazilian Atlantic rainforest. This endemic species from southern Bahia is easily distinguished from all other members of the genus by the peculiar morphology of mandibles and the reduction of the antennal segments observed in both sexes. We provide a partial redefinition of the genus diagnosis taking into account the antennal structure of the new species. A new identification key for workers is provided.
Study and modeling of fabric hydric behavior to improve wearer comfort
Authors: Marolleau A , Salaün F , Dupont D , Gidik H , Ducept S
Published: December 2018

In this study, the sorption and desorption isotherms from the dynamic vapor sorption test are modeled by using six different models, that is, the (i) BET (Brunauer–Emmett–Teller), (ii) modified BET, (iii) GAB (Guggenheim–Anderson–Boer), (iv) PEK (parallel exponential kinetics), (v) HH (Hailwood–Horrobin), and (vi) Nelson and Young models. The application principle of each model is explained and a comparison is done between these models, based on the understanding of sorption mechanisms on or into the textile substrates. They mainly depend on the chemical nature of the fibers used to manufacture the samples. Thus, the presence of various sorption/desorption sites on the surface and/or in the inner core of hydrophilic materials promotes the formation of more hydrogen bonds with water vapor molecules than for hydrophobic materials. Among these previous used models, the PEK, HH, and Nelson and Young models were studied to analyze the water molecule diffusion into the structures, while the GAB and BET models were selected to gain information on the water uptaken as the monolayer and energies of interactions between fibers and water molecules. By understanding the hydric behavior of fabrics during sorption/desorption processes, the fiber blends can be modified for improving the wearer comfort.
The Relationship of Cardiometabolic Risk and Auditory Processing among African Americans: The Jackson Heart Study
Authors: Smith Erin , Bishop Charles E. , Spankovich Christopher , Su Dan , Valle Karen , Schweinfurth John
Published: December 2018

Objectives

There is limited research in population‐based studies on auditory processing. The purpose of this work is to determine the prevalence of auditory processing impairment in the Jackson Heart Study cohort and to identify potential relationships with cardiometabolic risk factors.

Study Design

Cross‐sectional study.

Setting

Jackson Heart Study in Jackson, Mississippi.

Subjects

Participants of an all–African American cardiovascular study cohort (n = 1314).

Methods

The Quick Speech‐in‐Noise and Dichotic Digits, Double Pairs tests were used to assess auditory processing. Logistic regression and multinomial logistic regression models were used to examine how participants’ cardiometabolic risk factors and audiologic characteristics were associated with speech perception in noise and binaural integration.

Results

Quick Speech‐in‐Noise and Dichotic Digits, Double Pairs testing showed a prevalence of auditory processing impairment in 69% and 71% of the cohort, respectively, which was significantly related to age, hearing thresholds, sex, and education level. With covariate adjustment in statistical models for age, sex, pure tone average, and education level, waist circumference, systolic blood pressure, and hypertension were statistically predictive of auditory processing impairment (P <. 05).

Conclusion

The results suggest a high prevalence of auditory processing deficits in the Jackson Heart Study cohort. In addition, cardiometabolic and audiologic factors show a statistically significant independent relationship with auditory impairment measures.
‘There was no mercy at all’: Hooliganism, homosexuality and the opening-up of China
Authors: Worth Heather , Jun Jing , McMillan Karen , Chunyan Su , Xiaoxing Fu , Yuping Zhang , Zhao Rui , Kelly-Hanku Angela , Jia Cui , Youchun Zhang
Published: December 2018

This article discusses the Chinese state crackdown on homosexuality during the reform period through the narratives of homosexual men who were arrested and sentenced to re-education through labour at that time. Utilising the work on morality and law by Zygmunt Bauman, it is shown that Deng Xiaoping’s proposal in 1979 to advance Chinese socialist spiritual civilisation was operationalised through a wide variety of procedures, including the use of the criminal justice system through the new crime of ‘hooliganism’. It was understood that the object infringed upon by hooliganism was the social order itself, through acts that violated the moral principles of Chinese society. Legislated in 1979, hooliganism was an obvious tool for the regulation of sexuality. Those engaged in hooliganism had to be severely punished. Seven men of the 31 men in our study were arrested and six were sentenced to re-education through labour.
Riluzole for treatment of men with methamphetamine dependence: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial
Authors: Farahzadi Mohammad-Hadi , Moazen-Zadeh Ehsan , Razaghi Emran , Zarrindast Mohammad-Reza , Bidaki Reza , Akhondzadeh Shahin
Published: December 2018

Background:

Riluzole is a glutamate regulator and effective in treatment of neuropsychiatric conditions.

Aims:

We assessed riluzole for treatment of methamphetamine dependence.

Methods:

In this randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial, male outpatients with methamphetamine dependence who were 18–65 years old received either 50 mg riluzole ( n=34) or placebo ( n=54) twice daily for 12 weeks. Patients were excluded in case of comorbid serious medical conditions or neurologic disorders, comorbid psychiatric disorders other than methamphetamine dependence requiring specific treatment interventions, simultaneous positive urine test result for substances of abuse other than methamphetamine, smoking >3 days per week, simultaneous consumption of medications which are contraindicated or have interaction with riluzole.

Results:

Concerning primary outcomes, the cumulative mean number of attended weekly visits was higher in the riluzole arm compared with the placebo arm approaching a statistically significant difference (riluzole, median (range)=13.00 (2.00–13.00); placebo=4.00 (2.00–13.00); Mann-Whitney U=505.00, p-value=0.073), and the weekly measured rate of positive methamphetamine urine test results was significantly lower in the riluzole arm by the end of the study (riluzole=1 (5.00%), placebo=9 (45.00%), p-value=0.004). Patients in the riluzole arm experienced significantly greater improvement on all the craving, withdrawal, and depression measures regarding mean score changes from baseline to endpoint. No significant difference was detected between the two arms in terms of incidence of adverse events.

Conclusion:

Future randomized clinical trials are needed to investigate proper dosing strategy in a more inclusive sample.
Intramedullary nails with cannulated screw fixation for the treatment of unstable femoral neck fractures
Authors: Guo Jialiang , Dong Weichong , Yin Bing , Jin Lin , Lin Zhe , Hou Zhiyong , Zhang Yingze
Published: December 2018

Objective

Unstable femoral neck fractures are typically high-angled shear fractures caused by high-energy trauma. Internal fixation of femoral neck fractures with placement of parallel cannulated screws in an inverted triangle configuration is commonly performed in the clinical setting. This study was performed to investigate the primary results of intramedullary nailing with cannulated screws for the treatment of unstable femoral neck fractures in young and middle-aged patients.

Methods

In total, 96 consecutive patients with no history of hip surgery using inverted triangular cannulated compression screws or construction nails with cannulated screws were reviewed. Their demographic and radiological data were retrospectively collected from our institutional database.

Results

Inverted cannulated screws had an excellent effect on decreasing the blood loss volume and incision size, but intramedullary nails exhibited superior advantages in decreasing screw exit and shortening the hospital stays. The Harris hip scores were comparable between the two groups.

Conclusions

Intramedullary fixation with cannulated screws has advantages in treating complicated femoral neck fractures. Besides cannulated screws, intramedullary fixation with cannulated screws might be another method to treat unstable femoral neck fractures in young and middle-aged patients. The study was registered in ClinicalTrials.gov. Unique Protocol ID: 11156458. The ClinicalTrial number is NCT03550079.
The Sexual Murderer Is a Distinct Type of Offender
Authors: Chopin Julien , Beauregard Eric
Published: December 2018

The current study investigates the question of the specificity of sexual homicide offenders by comparing three types of crimes: sexual homicide, nonsexual homicide, and violent sexual assault. The comparison is based on victim, offender and modus operandi characteristics throughout 102 variables. The sample has been taken from a French national police database including 1,736 cases. Among these cases, there are 463 nonsexual homicides, 173 sexual homicides and 1,100 violent sexual assaults. Bivariate and multivariate analyses are performed to highlight the differences. Major differences are observed between, on one hand, sexual homicides and, on the other hand, nonsexual homicides and violent sexual assaults. These differences focus mainly on the offender and modus operandi characteristics. By analyzing specifically the type of observed differences, this research suggests that the sexual murderer and his crime should be analyzed through the lens of a unique type of crime. Findings present implications in terms of correctional practices, offender treatment, and rehabilitation.
What do we know about the impact of stress on foster carers and contributing factors?
Authors: Adams Emma , Hassett Alexander R , Lumsden Virginia
Published: December 2018

Research has highlighted the many challenges that foster carers face in caring for children who have experienced adversity and has charted a growing mismatch between the numbers of children needing placements and the availability of carers. This review synthesises and evaluates the current empirical evidence on the causes and consequences of stress experienced by foster carers and the factors that lessen or increase it. PsychINFO, ASSIA, Web of Science and Google Scholar were searched for relevant studies, 15 of which met the specific inclusion criteria. The factors identified included both system variables, such as working in a wider service framework, and individual ones, such as children’s behaviour. One consequence of this stress was reduced foster carer retention. Scrutiny of the papers also revealed methodological issues related to sampling, research design and cultural variability. Topics for future research were identified, especially an analysis of the perspectives of people involved in the system around foster carers, such as social workers and the carers’ birth children. Clinical implications were also highlighted, most notably the promotion and provision of effective training and support and the development of integrated ways of working with services and foster carers’ families.
Cortical abnormalities in episodic migraine: A multi-center 3T MRI study
Authors: Magon Stefano , May Arne , Stankewitz Anne , Goadsby Peter J , Schankin Christoph , Ashina Messoud , Amin Faisal M , Seifert Christian L , Mallar Chakravarty M , Müller Jannis , Sprenger Till
Published: December 2018

Background

Several previous studies have investigated cortical abnormalities, specifically cortical thickness, in patients with migraine, with variable results. The relatively small sample sizes of most previous studies may partially explain these inconsistencies.

Objective

To investigate differences of cortical thickness between control subjects and migraineurs in a large cohort.

Methods

Three Tesla MRI data of 131 patients (38 with and 93 without aura) and 115 control subjects were analysed. A vertex-wise linear model was applied controlling for age, gender and MRI scanner to investigate differences between groups and determine the impact of clinical factors on cortical thickness measures.

Results

Migraineurs showed areas of thinned cortex compared with controls bilaterally in the central sulcus, in the left middle-frontal gyrus, in left visual cortices and the right occipito-temporal gyrus. Frequency of migraine attacks and the duration of the disorder had a significant impact on cortical thickness in the sensorimotor cortex and middle-frontal gyrus. Patients without aura showed thinner cortex than controls bilaterally in the central sulcus and in the middle frontal gyrus, in the left primary visual cortices, in the left supramarginal gyrus and in the right cuneus. Patients with aura showed clusters of thinner cortex bilaterally in the subparietal sulcus (between the precuneus and posterior cingulate cortex), in the left intraparietal sulcus and in the right anterior cingulate.

Conclusion

These results indicate cortical abnormalities in specific brain regions in migraineurs. Some of the observed abnormalities may reflect a genetic susceptibility towards developing migraine attacks, while others are probably a consequence of repeated head pain attacks.
The Role of Inflammatory Cytokines in Cardiac Arrest
Authors: Jou Christopher , Shah Rian , Figueroa Andrew , Patel Jignesh K.
Published: December 2018

Introduction:

Post-cardiac arrest syndrome (PCAS) is characterized by systemic ischemia/reperfusion injury, anoxic brain injury, and post-arrest myocardial dysfunction superimposed on a precipitating pathology. The role of inflammatory cytokines in cardiac arrest remains unclear.

Aims:

We aimed to describe, with an emphasis on clinical applications, what is known about the role of inflammatory cytokines in cardiac arrest.

Data Sources:

A PubMed literature review was performed for relevant articles. Only articles in English that studied cytokines in patients with cardiac arrest were included.

Results:

Cytokines play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of PCAS. Following cardiac arrest, the large release of circulating cytokines mediates the ischemia/reperfusion injury, brain dysfunction, and myocardial dysfunction seen. Interleukins, tumor necrosis factor, and matrix metalloproteinases all play a unique prognostic role in PCAS. High levels of inflammatory cytokines have been associated with mortality and/or poor neurologic outcomes. Interventions to modify the systemic inflammation seen in PCAS continue to be heavily studied. Currently, the only approved medical intervention for comatose patients following cardiac arrest is targeted temperature management. Medical agents, including minocycline and sodium sulfide, have demonstrated promise in animal models.

Conclusions:

The role of inflammatory cytokines for both short- and long-term outcomes is an important area for future investigation.
Improved fracture toughness of carbon fiber fabric/epoxy composite laminates using polyether sulfone fibers
Authors: Zheng Wenjian , Yao Zhengjun , Lin Haiyan , Zhou Jintang , Cai Haishuo , Qi Tongbaihui
Published: December 2018

This study demonstrated that the addition of dissolvable polyether sulfone fibers to the interlaminar area of carbon fiber/epoxy composites can effectively increase the toughness with very high accuracy. Resin film infusion (RFI) is used to fabricate composite structures. RFI was applied to obtain polyether sulfone as an interleaf of chopped fibers between fabric piles of carbon fibers. The thermoplastic polyether sulfone fiber dissolved in the epoxy when it was cured at a high temperature. A phase-separated morphology with a polyether sulfone-rich secondary phase was formed during the curing process. Experimental results indicated that G Ic, which is the average value of Mode-I fracture toughness, was increased fivefold with the addition of 10 wt% polyether sulfone fiber (with respect to the gross content of the matrix). No detrimental effects were observed in other characteristics such as thermal stability, Young’s modulus, and tensile strength. In addition, the thermal and mechanical characteristics of neat epoxy–polyether sulfone blends were analyzed for comparison.
An efficient flame retardant for epoxy resin: Preparation and pyrolytic behaviour
Authors: Yang Baoping , Li Xiang , Wang Lurong , Zhang Yabin , Cui Jinfeng , Guo Junhong , Tian Li
Published: December 2018

Using 4,4-diaminodiphenyl methane as a curing agent, three kinds of monomers, 4,4′-dihydroxybenzophenone, diphenyl chlorophosphite and 1,4-phenylene diisocyanate (NCO), were introduced into a thermosetting resin (DGEBA). The flame retardancy properties of the composites were studied, and the results were compared with those of 5 wt% bis(bis(4-((diphenoxyphosphoryl)oxy)phenyl)methyl) 1,4-phenylenedicarbamate (DHPP-OH-NCO), 10 wt% DHPP-OH-NCO and 15 wt% DHPP-OH-NCO curing agents. The results showed that 15 wt% DHPP-OH-NCO had an improved flame retardancy, the limited oxygen index reached 33.5% and the vertical burning test (UL94) achieved a V-0 level. A cone calorimeter experiment showed that the addition of the flame retardant significantly reduced the amount of generated smoke and heat. Macroscopic digital images, scanning electron microscopy images and thermogravimetric analysis results further revealed that the epoxy resin (EP) with DHPP-OH-NCO exhibited greater char yields. The flame retardancy mechanism of the flame retardant was preliminarily shown by pyrolysis–gas chromatography–mass spectrometry analysis. The combined test results demonstrate that a high-efficiency phosphorous-containing flame retardant for EPs was successfully developed.
Experimental study on force model in grinding of maraging steel 3J33
Authors: Guo Weicheng , Li Beizhi , Shen Shouguo , Zhou Qinzhi
Published: December 2018

Grinding is always a complicated machining process for joint interaction of numerous random abrasive grits in different chip formation processes. Therefore, analysis of grinding force requires a more comprehensive insight on the grinding mechanisms. This paper is devoted to propose an analytical force model in grinding of maraging steel 3J33 based on the fact that grinding process is divided into three stages, namely rubbing, ploughing and cutting, in terms of grits working status. These three stages are determined by the chip thickness model that is assumed to conform to Rayleigh distribution, in which the rubbing stage is derived from Hertzian contact theory. The experimental coefficients in the force model are calibrated by performing a set of training tests. The predicted normal and tangential grinding forces of the developed model are compared with those obtained from validation tests, which show favorable agreement quantitatively. The contributions of the grinding force components in different grit–workpiece interaction stages are obtained from the model and theirs relationships with process parameters are discussed.
Why Beliefs About Emotion Matter: An Emotion-Regulation Perspective
Authors: Ford Brett Q. , Gross James J.
Published: December 2018

The world is complicated, and we hold a large number of beliefs about how it works. These beliefs are important because they shape how we interact with the world. One particularly impactful set of beliefs centers on emotion, and a small but growing literature has begun to document the links between emotion beliefs and a wide range of emotional, interpersonal, and clinical outcomes. Here, we review the literature that has begun to examine beliefs about emotion, focusing on two fundamental beliefs, namely whether emotions are good or bad and whether emotions are controllable or uncontrollable. We then consider one underlying mechanism that we think may link these emotion beliefs with downstream outcomes, namely emotion regulation. Finally, we highlight the role of beliefs about emotion across various psychological disciplines and outline several promising directions for future research.
Stylistics goes to school
Authors: Cushing Ian
Published: December 2018

Stylistics offers a wealth of benefits to English teachers who wish to integrate aspects of language and literature together, and to engage their students in a text-driven, reader-response informed grammar pedagogy. Recently, there has been a growing interest in how stylistics can be re-contextualised to schools, with academics working collaboratively with teachers in teacher workshops, school curriculum reform and classroom-based research. In this paper, I aim to provide a picture of what this work looks like, and I argue that it presents an important moment in the history of stylistics, both as a discipline and as a pedagogical method. The re-contextualisation of stylistics to schools has the potential to further validate academic research findings, as well as offering English teachers an enabling and accessible toolkit for teaching about language and literature that is likely to sit comfortably with their own beliefs about the subject. However, there are various logistical and political complexities involved, such as access to training, teacher subject knowledge and teacher attitudes towards linguistics. In light of these complexities, I discuss the design and implementation of a training course about stylistics for teachers, and how course participants have taken the knowledge acquired and actualised it in their own practice. I also present some of the barriers that teachers have faced in trying to do so. I argue that stylistics is beneficial for teachers, and that the present moment presents an important and potentially fruitful time for the discipline.
Mountains in labour: Eliot’s ‘Atrocities’ and Woolf’s alternatives
Authors: Li Fang , Kellogg David
Published: December 2018

Virginia Woolf was in two minds about George Eliot. On the one hand, she called Middlemarch ‘magnificent’ and described it as ‘one of the few English novels written for grown-up people’. On the other, she said that Eliot wrote in the typical ‘male’ sentence of the early 19th century, with which she committed ‘atrocities that beggar description’. In this paper, we use Michael Halliday’s systemic-functional linguistics to describe some of these ‘atrocities’: long clause-complexes, heavy use of abstract nouns, and delicately balanced pairs of clauses that contrast in polarity, for example, ‘not … but …’. We show, however, that they only form the crust of the book and outer layers of each chapter: they are concentrated in the prelude, the finale and in the narrative passages rather than in the ‘magnificent’ dialogue. Woolf’s own work then fuses this dialogue with narrative by transforming it into inner speech and allowing this inner speech to narrate the story. What unites Woolf to Eliot is their shared conviction that it is the ridiculous mice of little life which move the mountains of literature.
The Eighth Army at the Gothic Line, August–September 1944: A Study in Staff Compatibility and Coalition Command
Authors: Delaney Douglas E.
Published: December 2018

This article takes a reverse-engineering approach to gain some insight as to how the armies of the British Commonwealth became so compatible – and, therefore, easy for commanders to use. It begins with an examination of operations conducted by the British Eighth Army in the late summer of 1944 to examine how common staff procedures and methods allowed a limited commander like Lieutenant-General Sir Oliver Leese to assemble his multinational forces and break the much-vaunted Gothic Line. It then looks at how staff uniformity had been developed over months, years, and, in some cases, decades.
Lost Charcoal at Textile Frontiers: An Investigative Negotiation
Authors: Ahmad M. Ghufran
Published: December 2018

Lost Charcoal at Textile Frontiers is an investigative negotiation exercise involving ethical issues. In this exercise, two participants are asked to do a role-play, representing the two individuals involved in the negotiation. Mr Javed Khan, an employee at Textile Frontiers, has stolen some important and confidential information and Mr Wasif Kamal, General Manager of Textile Frontiers and a friend of Khan, is investigating the matter. The ethical nature of the issue is compounded by the fact that Kamal had earlier hired Javed Khan after bypassing regular hiring checks and knew about the past wrongdoing of Khan. Kamal is tasked with recovering the missing information whereas Javed wants to sell the information for money without being discovered.
The Gap Between Tools and Best Practice: An Analysis of Safety Prequalification Surveys in the Construction Industry
Authors: Liu Kang-Hung , Tessler Jamie , Murphy Lauren A. , Chang Chien-Chi , Dennerlein Jack T.
Published: December 2018

This study characterizes safety prequalification surveys currently in use in the construction industry to identify approaches that include leading indicators of worker safety performance. We collected prequalification surveys available in the public domain from internet searches, construction company websites, published literature, and construction industry partners. We utilized a conceptual framework, based on safety theory and best practices, to categorize survey questions. Fifty-two prequalification surveys were identified containing 112 unique questions. Most included questions related to lagging indicators (83 percent), safety management leadership (75 percent), and worker training (60 percent). Safety management system elements such as hazard prevention and control, program evaluation and improvement, and coordination and communication were notably absent in 90 percent of the surveys. There was little consistency in the surveys available concerning leading indicators of safety. Only a small number of surveys currently in use incorporate all the elements of best practices associated with robust safety management systems.
Spreading the Good News: Analyzing Socially Shared Inspirational News Content
Authors: Ji Qihao , Raney Arthur A. , Janicke-Bowles Sophie H. , Dale Katherine R. , Oliver Mary Beth , Reed Abigail , Seibert Jonmichael , Raney Arthur A.
Published: December 2018

Past research indicates that people often share awe-inspiring news online. However, little is known about the content of those stories. In this study, more broadly defined “inspirational” articles shared through The New York Times website over a 6-month period were analyzed, with the goals of describing the content and identifying characteristics that might predict inspirationality and measures of retransmission. The results provided a snapshot of content found within inspirational news stories; they also revealed that self-transcendent language use predicted the inspirationality of a news story, as well as how long an article appeared on a most shared list.
Stress analysis in transverse loading of soft core sandwich plates with various boundary conditions
Authors: Ahmadi Isa
Published: December 2018

In this paper, the transverse loading of sandwich plate is formulated to study the three-dimensional stress field in the sandwich plates for various edge conditions. The formulation is based on the weak formulation approach. A complete three-dimensional displacement field is considered and the weak formulation approach is employed to obtain the governing equations of the plate using the three dimensional equilibrium equations of elasticity. An analytical solution is presented for governing equations when two opposite edges of plate are simply supported. A one-step stress recovery scheme is used to compute the out-of-plane stresses in the sandwich plates. A comparison is made with the predictions of exact elasticity solutions in the open literature and very good agreements are achieved. The distribution of stresses is investigated for various boundary conditions and the log-linear procedure is employed to study the order of stress singularity at free and clamped edge of the plate. It is seen that the present approach accurately predicts the distribution of out-of-plane stresses and local concentration of stresses in the vicinity of free and clamped edges of sandwich structures.