bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Kajian Biblika 1korintus 15: 1-11 Bagi Pemahaman Iman Kristen Tentang Kebangkitan Yesus Kristus
Authors: Wibowo Moses , Salurante Tony
Published: October 2020

The doctrine of the resurrection of Christ is one of the foundations in Christianity. But the foundation of this faith continues to be challenged and attacked. One of the attacks came from Rudolf Bultmann, who believed that the resurrection of Jesus Christ was only a spiritual awakening and not even an objective historical reality. In the Indonesian context, there is a tradition called "Rambu Solo." This tradition believes that the slaughter of a buffalo will contribute to keeping the spirits of the dead safe. The doctrine of the resurrection in Corinth was due to a problem of misunderstanding. These situations will continue to occur in various places. Therefore, this article examines Paul's teachings in 1 Corinthians 15, especially verses 1-11 as an attempt to answer the teachings and practices of life that do not understand the work of the resurrection of Jesus Christ. The method used is the biblical exegesis of 1Corinthians 15: 1-11. It is through exegesis that the resurrection of Jesus Christ is an objective historical reality. That He did rise from physical death. The exegesis significance of 1 Corinthians 15:1-11 for Bultmann's teachings and the tradition of "Rambu Solo" indicate that the two are not biblical.
An alien species or another perspective to the freshwater gobies puzzle: a new finding in Lake Prespa
Authors: TRAJCHEVSKI Blagoja , SPIRKOVSKI Zoran , ILIKJ-BOEVA Dushica , TALEVSKI Trajce
Published: October 2020

Here we present a discovery of a new fish from the family Gobiidae in Lake Prespa, which is known as a European hotspot for biodiversity and endemism. This is the first detection of a fish species from this family, not only regarding this lake but also in the territory of the Republic of North Macedonia in general. The close examination of the recorded specimens revealed the presence of perianal organ surrounding the anus. This unique organ and various other observed morphometric and phenotypic characteristics point out to the genus Economidichthys. The two known fish species from this genus are currently considered endemic only to the rivers and lakes of western Greece. This new finding could be an evidence of alien species introduced in this lake, or an evidence of native species that are not recorded yet because of their characteristic life habits. Either way, this is a very important finding for the taxonomy and biogeographical distribution of the freshwater gobies in the Balkans.
Embroiled Mediums: George Eliot and Environment; or, the Ecologies of Middlemarch
Authors: Tang Maria
Published: October 2020

Cet essai interroge la raison pour laquelle relativement peu de recherches en écocritique ont été consacrées à la fiction de George Eliot et conclut que l’intérêt écocritique de son œuvre se dévoile moins au travers de l’étude thématique de ses romans que dans une lecture croisée du texte éliotien avec des relectures récentes de l’ Éthique de Spinoza menées dans la perspective d’une « écosophie » par quelques philosophes contemporains européens comme Gilles Deleuze, Félix Guattari ou Corine Pelluchon. S’inspirant de la typologie que dresse John Parham d’une écologie littéraire spécifiquement « victorienne », l’attention est portée à la relation qu’entretiennent les personnages de Middlemarch avec différents environnements ou « médiums » dans lesquels ils évoluent, que ce soit la « terre » qu’ils possèdent ou exploitent, le « milieu » social des rumeurs et des commérages, qui entrave, obstrue, et contamine leurs efforts, ou le « médium » que constituent la présence et le regard de l’Autre, au travers duquel l’individu se façonne. Le roman est ainsi abordé non pas par le prisme d’une moralité de la « sympathie » comme souvent chez la critique éliotienne, mais par celui d’une éthologie des corps, qui entrent en relation pour composer des communautés ou sociabilités plus ou moins harmonieuses.
“Such cognizance of men and things”: Glimpses of Life and Work in the Margins of George Eliot’s Fiction
Authors: Rignall John
Published: October 2020

Dans la recension que fit George Eliot du poème de Browning Hommes et femmes en 1856, elle cite des vers révélant les capacités d’observation du poète qui, « regardant travailler le cordonnier », « en tire une connaissance des hommes et des choses. » En tant que romancière, elle fait preuve des mêmes facultés d’observation, et l’on trouve dans ses romans, en marge de l’intrigue principale, de tels aperçus de la vie et du travail ordinaire, qu’il s’agisse du tisserand entrevu à travers une fenêtre dans le premier récit des Scènes de la vie cléricale , de la scène bien connue où Dorothea contemple par la fenêtre les silhouettes de paysans dans Middlemarch , ou encore du petit garçon déguisé dans la scène d’ouverture de Daniel Deronda . Quel que soit leur but, ces scènes sont caractéristiques du réalisme d’Eliot : en détournant l’attention du lecteur des personnages principaux, elles font jaillir pour lui de nouvelles intuitions et une nouvelle compréhension de l’œuvre.
George Eliot, Bessie Rayner Parkes, Sarah Marks and Barbara Bodichon: New George Eliot Letters
Authors: Baker William
Published: October 2020

George Eliot était perpétuellement préoccupée à l’idée ne pas en faire assez pour les autres, alors même qu’elle était constamment submergée de demandes d’aide. De là son ambivalence, notamment face aux demandes de soutien financier pour certaines causes ou certains individus. Dans cet article, des lettres récemment découvertes, ainsi que de nouveaux éclairages jetés sur des lettres déjà connues, démontrent qu’Eliot appartenait à un petit cercle de femmes faisant tout leur possible pour s’entraider émotionnellement, professionnellement et financièrement. Les préoccupations d’Eliot seront illustrées ici par les lettres qu’elle échangea avec trois correspondantes : Bessie Rayner Parkes (1829-1925), connue sous son nom d’épouse Mme Louis Belloc ; Phoebe Sarah Hertha Marks (1854-1923), plus jeune et moins bien introduite en société car issue d’un milieu désargenté ; et enfin Barbara Leigh Smith Bodichon (1827-1891). Si le choix a porté sur ces trois femmes, c’est que leurs lettres, en large partie inédites, éclairent la position de George Eliot au sein d’une communauté de femmes, et révèlent son empathie pour les difficultés rencontrées par ses connaissances ; elles montrent aussi les liens existant dans cette communauté entre amitié et questions financières.
Lyric Embarrassment and the Phenomenology of Alterity in Keats’s Two Odes on Art
Authors: Lo David
Published: October 2020

À la lumière des observations de Jonathan Culler sur l’embarras dont se charge l’apostrophe, l’article qui suit suggère que Keats montre dans « Ode to a Nightingale » et « Ode on a Grecian Urn » un sens aigu de l’altérité, qui lui permet de refaçonner la poésie lyrique pour en faire un genre de l’intersubjectivité. En dramatisant le rossignol antithétique et l’urne énigmatique, Keats fait le portrait d’un locuteur embarrassé, qui voit constamment lui échapper les destinataires de sa parole. L’embarras, en tant qu’affect conscient de l’être-l’autre, illustre le concept de chair selon Merleau-Ponty, qui rend compte de la réversibilité des positions entre percevant et perçu, et remet en question le dualisme sujet/objet. En mettant en lumière cet embarras lyrique — conséquence de la résistance de l’autre — Keats démontre la capacité de la poésie lyrique à négocier l’altérité.
On the Self-Enveloped Selflessness of Keats’s Last Great Ode
Authors: Elprin Jeremy
Published: October 2020

L’ode à l’automne de Keats demeure, 200 ans après sa publication, l’un des poèmes les plus connus de la littérature anglaise. Il est néanmoins important de se rappeler qu’il fut transcrit, partagé, et conservé (par le biais d’une correspondance privée) bien avant sa diffusion imprimée destinée à un lectorat anonyme — y compris des critiques potentiellement hostiles. Cet article se propose de réinsérer le poème dans son contexte épistolaire original, afin de mettre en exergue sa qualité de don privé. En lisant le poème, ainsi que la série de lettres qui le firent émerger, à la lumière de l’étude classique de Lewis Hyde sur l’esprit du don et de la création artistique ( The Gift ), cet article examine le lien entre altruisme et effacement de soi qui fait de cette dernière grande ode de Keats un chef-d’œuvre du don.
Le bonheur est-il dans le champ ? Initiatives locales et soutenables dans l’agri-alimentaire urbain et périurbain : émergence d’un travail institutionnel de redéfinition des espaces
Authors: Tissone Flore , Hernandez Solange , Moustier Emmanuelle
Published: October 2020

Le système alimentaire qui prévaut actuellement est insoutenable, pourvoyeur d’externalités négatives et d’inégalités. Face à ce constat, somme toute alarmant, des acteurs relevant de différentes sphères (publique, privée, société civile, académique) s’organisent pour encourager la transition vers des systèmes alimentaires territoriaux soutenables, responsables et inclusifs. Afin de mieux comprendre la manière dont ces acteurs s’y prennent, nous souhaitons comprendre en quoi le travail institutionnel en cours au sein du champ de l’agriculture et de l’alimentation entraîne-t-il une redéfinition des frontières, des pratiques, et des espaces d’intervention ? Notre méthodologie exploratoire est constituée d’une étude de cas multiple dans le cadre du projet européen MADRE (Métropole et Agriculture Durable pour des Relations équitables) menée dans six territoires Nord-Méditerranéens. Nos résultats montrent un foisonnement d’innovations soutenables, là où la sphère publique est considérée comme relativement passive. Le champ institutionnel de l’agriculture urbaine et périurbaine (AUP) s’étend par la mise en valeur de ses aspects multifonctionnels et la conquête de nouveaux espaces de développement. Nous observons également une transformation des chaînes de valeurs alimentaires en zone urbaine et périurbaine sous l’effet de la création d’autres chaînes d’activités de soutien et d’influence. Cette dernière, qui émane principalement d’acteurs habituellement externes au champ institutionnel, vise à minimiser les externalités négatives et à intégrer plus de durabilité dans les pratiques. De plus, des boucles de valeur alimentaires, soutenables et locales voient parfois le jour dans ce cadre. En outre, les innovations ont souvent comme moteur la volonté de dépasser des contraintes qui se transforment en opportunités, rappelant les travaux sur les innovations durables et frugales (Le Bas, 2017). Le rôle des acteurs est primordial face aux contraintes qu’ils rencontrent. Dans ce cadre, le choix du collectif, la modération dans la gestion des ressources, tout comme la redynamisation de pratiques ancestrales sont vectrices de pratiques innovantes et soutenables.
A Rare Cause of Acute Back Pain in a Young Adult: Case Report and Discussion of Calcific Discitis
Authors: Schulze Paul , O'Connor Colin , Anand Neil , Wynne Peter
Published: October 2020

Calcific discitis in the adult population is very rare, with fewer than 40 cases reported in the literature. Most cases thus far have involved patients presenting with mid to upper back pain of acute to subacute onset. As it is a condition that is self-resolving with rare exception, the true incidence is likely underestimated. Another factor contributing to the underestimation of individuals with back pain in general is that many patients will treat themselves before presenting for care. Back pain is one of the most common presenting symptoms to primary care physician offices and represents an economic burden of billions of dollars annually. The utilization of MRI imaging and other diagnostic work-up amount to an important component of this cost and one that could possibly be reduced with early radiological identification of this condition. We present a case in which an adult patient presented with subacute lumbar back pain, eventually diagnosed as calcific discitis.
Spontaneous bronchobiliary fistula: Case report
Authors: Acquasanta Marzia , Spadarella Gaia , Civelli Enrico Maria
Published: October 2020

Bronchobiliary fistula (BBF) is a rare condition that results from the communication between the bile ducts and the bronchial tree. It is characterized by the presence of bile in the sputum as pathognomonic symptom, and it is often associated with suspicious pneumonia. The most common causes include infections (e.g. echinococcosis), hepatobiliary surgery, blunt torso traumas, tumors and percutaneous transhepatic procedures. Opinions about BBF treatment are still controversial as it can be treated by both conservative and surgical procedures, while pharmacological treatments are only rarely used. This case report presents a patient who had been diagnosed with chronic BBF of unknown cause, underwent several ineffective conservative procedures and was at last surgically treated.
Faire face aux tensions liées à la reconfiguration du système universitaire italien : la voix des professeurs(es)
Authors: Chello Fabrizio
Published: October 2020

La reconfiguration du système universitaire est un phénomène international d’actualité. Il est caractérisé par de nombreux changements liés aux pratiques quotidiennes de tous les acteurs qui vivent dans ce contexte (professeurs, étudiants, personnel technique-administratif, etc.). Parmi ces changements, l'article se concentre sur les transformations de l’agir professionnel des professeurs universitaires – avec une attention particulière aux activités de recherche, d’enseignement et de gouvernance – à travers l'analyse des résultats d'une recherche menée à l'université Suor Orsola Benincasa de Naples. Réalisée à partir d’une posture épistémologique et méthodologique de type compréhensive, la recherche s’est articulée en deux phases successives. Une première phase exploratoire a permis de préciser les questions de recherche, de choisir le terrain d’investigation, d’élaborer des hypothèses ancrées et de construire les outils méthodologiques pour l’enquête empirique. La deuxième phase, faisant usage de l’entretien semi-structuré, a visé à faire émerger et à déconstruire les représentations dominantes de l’agir professionnel. Les résultats montrent que, pour faire face aux tensions liées à la reconfiguration du système universitaire italien, les professeurs d’UNISOB oscillent entre différentes grammaires actionnelles.
Apprendre à conseiller, devenir conseiller(ère)
Authors: Masdonati Jonas , Massoudi Koorosh
Published: October 2020

La formation au métier de psychologue du conseil et de l’orientation est confrontée à de nouveaux défis, liés à la nécessité d’accompagner des individus aux prises avec de multiples transitions de carrière et des parcours professionnels complexes. En nous appuyant sur les notions de professionnalité émergente (Jorro, 2014) et de formation de l’identité professionnelle (Brown & Bimrose, 2017) et en partant de deux groupes focalisés avec douze étudiants, nous avons analysé les apprentissages initiés par un dispositif de formation pratique au conseil d’orientation. Les résultats font état d’une multitude de processus d’apprentissage (par l’observation, par les rétroactions, par la pratique, mais aussi par l’articulation de celle-ci avec la théorie), permettant le développement de compétences tant techniques qu’intrapersonnelles et interpersonnelles. Ils montrent également que le passage par le dispositif stimule la formation de l’identité professionnelle des étudiants, tant dans son versant social que personnel.
Analyser les textes avec internet : étude d’une pratique professionnelle en transformation
Authors: Brunel Magali , Heiser Laurent
Published: October 2020

L’usage d’internet en classe est un sujet d’actualité au sein de l'institution scolaire. À travers une étude de cas, nous analysons un dispositif permettant aux élèves de puiser dans les ressources disponibles en ligne pour étudier les textes littéraires. Celui-ci s’appuie à la fois sur l’utilisation du numérique dans la classe et sur une pratique de l’analyse des textes reposant sur les recherches et propositions des élèves plutôt que sur les choix du professeur. Nous analysons comment la mise en œuvre de ce dispositif accentue certaines préoccupations de l’enseignant et, en étudiant comparativement deux entretiens menés au début et en fin d’expérimentation, nous cherchons à cerner certains signes d’appropriation. L’analyse établit que le processus repose notamment sur la manière dont l’enseignant parvient à mettre en relation ses habitudes avec les contraintes techniques et didactiques induites par le dispositif, mais aussi avec les pratiques médiatiques numériques hétérogènes effectives des élèves. Ce cas tend à illustrer que l’introduction d’un dispositif didactique numérique exige un temps long d’appropriation et souligne la nécessité d’un enseignement explicite des compétences en littératie médiatique numérique reposant sur la prise en compte des pratiques informelles des élèves dans la classe.
Effects mediated by the α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor on cell proliferation and migration in rat adipose-derived stem cells
Authors: Pernarella Marta , Piovesana Roberta , Matera Carlo , Faroni Alessandro , Fiore Mario , Dini Luciana , Reid Adam J. , Dallanoce Clelia , Tata Ada Maria
Published: October 2020

Adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) are an attractive source for regenerative medicine as they can be easily isolated, rapidly expandable in culture and show excellent in vitro differentiation potential. Acetylcholine (ACh), one of the main neurotransmitters in central and peripheral nervous systems, plays key roles in the control of several physiological processes also in non-neural tissues. As demonstrated in our previous studies, ACh can contribute to the rat ASCs physiology, negatively modulating ASCs proliferation and migration via M2 muscarinic receptor (mAChR) activation. In the present work we show that rat ASCs also express α7 nicotinic receptors (nAChRs). In particular, we have investigated the effects mediated by the selective activation of α7 nAChRs, which causes a reduction of ASC proliferation without affecting cell survival and morphology, and significantly promotes cell migration via upregulation of the CXCR4 expression. Interestingly, the activation of the α7 nAChR also upregulates the expression of M2 mAChR protein, indicating a cooperation between muscarinic and nicotinic receptors in the inhibition of ASC proliferation.
The Roles of Phonological Awareness and Oral Vocabulary Knowledge in English-Chinese Biliteracy Acquisition among Chinese Heritage Language Learners
Authors: Lü Chan , Koda Keiko
Published: October 2020

In this study, we examined how reading development varies between two typologically distant languages within biliteracy learners. Specifically, we compared the relative contributions of two oral variables, oral vocabulary knowledge and phonological awareness, to word reading development in school-age Chinese heritage language (CHL) speakers who were learning to read Chinese and English concurrently. The results showed that oral vocabulary knowledge accounted for a significant portion of the variance in Chinese character reading, but it contributed to English and Pinyin word decoding only indirectly through phonological awareness within each language. Phonological awareness was significant in explaining performance differences in English and Pinyin word reading across languages as well. These findings suggest that phonological awareness and oral vocabulary knowledge play distinct roles in learning to read in typologically diverse languages; more importantly, that each oral sub-skill contributes differently to word reading development when shared across typologically diverse languages.
Comparative Physicochemical and Proximate Analyses of Different Extracts of Persea americana
Authors: Imoisi C. , Michael U.C.
Published: October 2020

Avocado and Avocado oil are high in monosaturated oleic acid, a heart-healthy fatty acid that is believed to be one of the main reasons for the health benefits of olive oil. This study, was therefore carried out to determine the physicochemical and proximate composition of the seed and rind of avocado pear with the extraction and characterization of oil obtained from the seed and rind using solvent extraction. The phytochemical screening was also carried out on the seed and rind of avocado pear oil. The moisture contents were (51.05% and 71.77%) for the seed and rind respectively. The ash content of the unripe seed and rind were (0.52% and 0.55%) respectively. The fat (lipid) content in both the unripe seed and rind oil were (21.41g and 9.53 g) respectively. The unripe rind sample was richer in protein (6.4%) and unripe seed being lower (3.04%) to the rind. The crude fibre content for the seed and rind oil were (51.2 g and 2.54 g) respectively. Saponification value of the oil from unripe seed had a higher value of 258.82 mg KOH/g and for unripe rind was 203.47 mg KOH/g. The peroxide value for oil obtained from both unripe seed and rind of Persea americana were 0.91 mg/kg and 0.33 mg/kg respectively. Acid value was low in the unripe seed with a mean value of 0.057 mg KOH/g. It was observed that the Acid value for unripe rind was 0.058 mg KOH/g. The iodine value for rind was 182.85 (gI2/100 g), the seed oil contains 53.78 (gI2/100 g) of iodine. The refractive index was 1.21 and 1.35 for the unripe seed and rind oil respectively. The pH of the various avocado pear extracts also showed their slightly acidic nature.
Investigation of Wound Healing Potential of Azadirachta indica Seed Extract using Wistar Rats
Authors: Ajayi I. A. , Omolere O. B.
Published: October 2020

This study investigated the wound healing potential of hexane and methanolic seed extracts of Azadirachta indica using 35 wistar rats that were divided into 5 groups of 7 rats each. Phytochemical screening and antimicrobial activity of the extracts were carried out while the wound healing potential was evaluated by treating the test rats with 5 % and 10 % hexane and methanol extracts in an experiment that lasted for 21 days. Wound area and percentage of wound closure of the rats were noted at four-day intervals and at 21 days, the blood and organs of the rats were subjected to haematological and histopathological analyses respectively. The extracts were found to contain tannins, glycosides and phenols and they inhibited the growth of tested organisms. All the test rats displayed better and faster healing than the control ones but there were no significant differences between their haematological and histophatological results. The seed extracts quickened the wound healing process of the rats and might therefore be useful in wound treatment.
Isolation and Analysis of Methanol Extract of Leaf of Senna siamea
Authors: Balami V. M. , Yakubu J. , Yakubu J. , Mamza U. T. , Dawa S. I. , Dawa S. I. , Abdulrahman F. I. , Sodipo O. A.
Published: October 2020

This study aimed at isolation and characterization of biochemical constituents of the leaf extract of Senna siamea. The fresh leaves of Senna siamea were air-dried, pulverized and extracted using methanol by maceration method. The extract was screened for phytochemicals using standard methods. Fifty grammas (50 g) of the crude extract was defatted using n-hexane; 20 g was subjected to column chromatographic (CC) analysis using ethyl acetate and n-butanol fractions with similar retardation factor (Rf) were pooled and coded. Subsequently purification of fraction SSM5 was carried out using CC with solvent [Toluene and n-butanol (4:1) as mobile phase]. The collection was based on colour bands) and TLC was carried out where a sub-fraction SSM54 amongst other fractions gave a single spot on TLC and the Rf value was 0.71. It was then subjected to UV, IR and GC-MS analysis. The extract by maceration yielded 12.60% w/w and the defatted extract yielded 10.0% w/w. The result of the UV-visible gave a wavelength of 289 nm and an absorbance of 4.268. The result of infrared spectroscopy revealed functional groups thus O-H, N-H, C-H stretching group at 3385.8 cm-1, -CHO at 2955.8 cm-1, -CHO stretching at 2926.0 cm-1,-NH3+ at 1640.0 cm-1, carboxylate ion–CO2- for amino acid at 1449.9cm-1, -N=N- at 1401.5 cm-1, -N+O-=N- at 1315.8 cm-, C-O-C at 1189 cm-1, Si-O at 1084 cm-1 and S=O at 1013.8. The GC-MS analysis of SSM54 revealed the presence of Diisoctyl phthalate, Purine-2,6-dione, 8-(3-Ethoxypropylamino)-1,3-dimethyl-3, 9-dihydro-, a-Pinene, 10-(dimethylaminomethyl), 1H-indene-2-ethanamine, N, N- dimethyl-3-[1-(2-pyrindinyl) ethyl] -, Benzene, 1, 2- bis(2,5 dimethylphenylaminomethyl)-3,6- dimethyl- and Cinnamic acid, p-(trimethylsiloxy)-, methyl ester were among the probable bioactive compounds.
PREPARATION OF ACTIVATED CARBON FROM TEAK LEAVES FOR THE DECOLORIZATION OF PALM OIL
Authors: Ofulue E. I. , Adekola F. A. , Adimula V. O
Published: October 2020

The bleaching efficiency of activated carbon prepared from teak leaves was investigated for the removal of pigments from palm oil. The adsorbents were activated using KOH and FeCl3 as activating agents. The effects of adsorbent dosage (2% - 6 %), contact time (15 min. – 90 min.) and temperature (30 °C – 80 °C) were studied, while the unactivated adsorbent was used as standard. The ash content, moisture content, volatile matter content, and fixed carbon content were determined and the adsorptive bleaching of palm oil investigated using 1.2 g activated carbon with 20 g crude palm oil. Bleaching efficiency was observed to be 93.09 % and 96.68 % for the KOH and FeCl3 activated adsorbent respectively, while the unactivated adsorbent was observed to have a bleaching efficiency of 89.21 %. The optimum bleaching efficiency was observed at a temperature of 70 °C, adsorbent dosage of 6 %, and contact time of 90 min. Results obtained suggests that teak leaves can be a source of low-cost adsorbent for the removal of pigments from palm oil which is of great relevance in obtaining a clean environment.
Optimized Sorption of Methyl Orange using Functionalized Carob Plant Pod
Authors: ABDULSALAM K. A. , Amodu B. H. , Fakorede O. K. , Adelowo J. M. , Onifade A. P. , Olowosaga F.C. , Omikunle O.D. , Akintayo B.
Published: October 2020

One of the most problematic groups of water pollutants is dye, a main constituent of textile industrial wastewater, which is carcinogenic. Therefore, this research delved into adsorption of dyes from textiles and wastewater using acid-treated as an adsorbent. The adsorbent was prepared by functionalizing the pod of carob with concentrated H3PO4. The effects of operational parameters such as adsorbent dosage, contact time, initial concentration of dye and temperature were studied and optimized using central composite design of design of experiment (DOE). The effects of process parameters (contact time, concentration, adsorbent dosage and temperature) on the dye adsorption were determined and optimized. It was observed that the colour removal efficiency increased with an increase in adsorbent mass and contact time. The adsorption process is endothermic as the percentage removal increases with temperature. The optimum contact time, concentration, adsorbent dosage and temperature were found to be 60oC, 9.74hr, 10ppm, and 5g respectively for the maximum decolorization.
Comparative Studies on the Chemo and Biosynthesized Nanomaterials for the Remediation of Pharmaceutical Residues in Wastewater
Authors: Ngwu C. M. , Nnaji J. C. , Odoemelam S. O. , Amaku F. J.
Published: October 2020

In the present study, comparison was made on the wastewater remediation efficiencies of chemically and biologically synthesized magnetite and zinc oxide nanoparticles. Starchytarpheta indica (snake weed) leaf extract was used as a reducing and capping agent in the green synthesis of magnetite and zinc oxide. The synthesized nanoparticles (NPs) were characterized by X-ray diffraction studies (XRD), Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and Fourier transform infra-red spectroscopy (FTIR). These synthesized nanoparticles were further applied in the treatment of industrial pharmaceutical effluent basically comprising amoxicillin, acetaminophen and ascorbic acid. The NPs all performed differently in the removal of these pharmaceutical active compounds. Results showed that the NPs had significant removal efficiencies for acetaminophen, ranging from 67.07 % - 93.59 %, with bio-ZnO having the highest removal efficiency and magnetite giving the least. The range of removal efficiency for ascorbic acid was 54.35 % - 100 %, Magnetite and bio-magnetite showed the highest removal efficiencies whereas bio-ZnO had the least removal rate. Wastewater treatment for the removal of amoxicillin residues with the synthesized nanoparticles was not quite significant, negative removal patterns were observed for wastewater treatment with bio-ZnO and magnetite, a removal rate of 16.82 % was obtained for treatment with bio-magnetite, ZnO NPs had the highest removal efficiency of 49.73 %. Generally, ZnO and bio-magnetite NPs displayed better removal capacities than the other NPs, with overall removal rates of 64.71 % and 48.92 % for ZnO and bio-magnetite NPs respectively.
TEACHERS’ TEACHING METHODS AND STUDENTS’ ACADEMIC PERFORMANCES IN IBARAPA EAST LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA SECONDARY SCHOOLS
Authors: Abiodun Oke
Published: October 2020

This study was to investigate the differential relationship between teaching methods and students’ academic performances in Ibarapa East Local Government area Secondary schools. A sample of 100 students drawn from the Sciences, Commercial and Arts departments of all the secondary schools in the local government area were used for the study. Using the inferential statistics, students’ assessment test scores were derived from the internal class test prepared by some Measurement and Evaluation teachers. The differential relationship of the three major teaching methods on students’ academic performances was analysed using the General Linear Model based univariate ANOVA technique. The F(2, 107) statistic (= 10.13; p < 0.05 level of significance) and the Tukey HSD post-hoc results indicate that there is significant differences in the relationship between the three teaching methods and students’ academic performances. The mean scores results demonstrate that teacher-students interactive method was the most effective teaching method, followed by student-centered method while the teacher-centered approach was the least effective teaching method. Among the recommendations suggested were: New approaches to teaching – learning processes which connect to the learning needs of students should be put in place in order to reduce the menace of students performing poorly in school and eventually dropping out of studies. Student-centered learning environment should be encouraged in our secondary schools because it produces higher-level learning outcomes more efficiently than a traditional teacher-centered environment. There should be no bias in the selection of teaching methods by teachers in areas in which they possess exclusive monopoly knowledge to improve students’ academic performances in our secondary schools. Teachers should create an atmosphere conducive for learning in order to enhance the development of students’ learning experiences.
COMPARATIVE STUDY OF BIOETHANOL POTENTIALS PRODUCED FROM YAM PEELS AND BAMBARA NUT SHELLS
Authors: A Yusuf , CM Elinge , A Hannatu , DS Senchi
Published: October 2020

In this study, Yam peels and Bambara nut shells were hydrolyzed with 0.25m, 0.50m, 1.00m, and 2.00m concentration of dilute sulphuric acid (H2SO4) respectively and the reducing sugar concentration were determined using the dinitrosalicylic acid (DNS) colorimetric method. The results revealed that there is no significant difference (p<0.05) in the yields of the reducing sugar obtained from the two substrates at different treatment conditions. Confirmatory tests and other fuel properties such as; specific gravity, boiling point, flash point, pour point, cloud point, octane number FTIR and GCMS analysis were also determined in order to ascertained that the distillate produced were actually ethanol with respect to the standard from WHO/DPR and ASTM.
PRODUCTION OF FUEL BRIQUETTES FROM SHEA NUT SHELLS AND MILLET STALK
Authors: DS Senchi , A Yusuf
Published: October 2020

In an effort to provide an affordable firewood alternative source of fuel to the rural households in Nigeria, this study was carried out to produce some biomass briquettes (Shea nut shells and millet stalk) prepared using a briquetting machine (Extruding machine). The proximate analysis of the raw samples and briquettes biomass were determined. Different samples of briquettes were produced by blending varying ratios of Shea nut shells and millet stalk of 100:0, 80:20, 70:30, 60:40, 50:50, using starch as adhesive. The results of the briquettes tested was found to have moisture content for Shea nut shell and Millet stalk 2.5% and 3.0%, ash content 2.5% and 4.5% and volatile of 16.0% and 11.0%. A test on physical parameters like ignition time, combustibility test and afterglow time were determined and it was observed that ignition time increases with high volatile matter and with high percentage of ash and moisture content it ignites slowly. Water boiling test was also performed to compare between butane gas and fuel briquettes, it was observed that both butane gas and briquettes took the same time to boil 2litre of water (18 minutes).
EFFECT OF ENTREPRENEURIAL SKILLS ON SMALL AND MEDIUM SCALE ENTERPRISES (SMEs) PERFORMANCE: A STUDY OF REGISTERED BUSINESSES OPERATING IN SABON GARI MARKET KANO
Authors: Khamis Muslimu , Musa Alhassan
Published: October 2020

Entrepreneurial skills are a set of specific knowledge, abilities, skills, traits, motives, attitudes and values essential for the personal development and successful participation of each person in an organization. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of entrepreneurial skills on SMEs performance among owners/managers operating registered businesses in Sabon Gari Market Kano, Nigeria. Descriptive survey research design was used while a sample size of one hundred and seventy two (172) business owners/managers were drawn through the use of Yamane (1967) formula for sample size determination out of three hundred and three (303) owners/managers operating registered businesses in Sabon Gari Market, Kano, which constituted the study population. Probability sampling technique was used which involves simple random sampling. Closed-ended questionnaire served as a data collection tool for the study and Regression analysis was used to analyse the collected data through Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) version 21. Face validity and reliability test (Cronbach’s Alpha) were conducted. The findings indicate that entrepreneurial skills have significant effect on SMEs performance; it also shows that significant relationship exists between entrepreneurial skills and SMEs performance. The study recommends that business owners and managers should focus on improving entrepreneurship skills in order to improve the performance of small and medium scale enterprises. Future researchers should expand the scope of the study to incorporate more organizations; again the research used only one variable, future researchers should use more variables in order to better capture the opinion of the respondents.
AN EMPIRICAL INVESTIGATION OF THE INDICATORS OF GOVERNANCE AND INSECURITY IN NIGERIA: 1984-2018
Authors: Aminu Hadi , Aminu Alhassan
Published: October 2020

Governance particularly poor governance is a syndrome that is incentivizing security crime in Nigeria and that has constituted impediments to the Nigerian development process. In this regard, this study decentralises governance to its six indicators namely: government accountability; government stability and absence of internal conflicts; control of corruption; bureaucratic quality and rule of law and therefore investigating the impact of each of the six indicators on insecurity in Nigeria. The study utilized Johansen Cointegration and FMOLS to essentially reveal that, poor nature of all of the six indicators of governance except absence of internal conflicts impacts positively on insecurity in Nigeria. Also, among all the poor five indicators that impact positively on insecurity, corruption, government accountability and rule of law are of significant positive impact on insecurity in Nigeria. The study therefore concluded that the bad shape of the indicators of governance contribute to the weak governance system that consequently exacerbate insecurity situation in Nigeria. The study then recommends among others, strengthening and advancing the Nigerian anti-corruption war to match the changing ways of perpetrating corruptions by public office holders particularly officers of the Nigerian security departments should be strictly enforced so as to abate the upsurge of corruption among public office holders thereby suppressing the hiking level of insecurity in the country due to corruption; ensuring full application of law on the insecurity culprits irrespective of the social status and connections so as to serve as deterrent to other defiant in the mix of conformists in the society.
ECONOMETRIC APPRAISAL OF AUDITORS’ INDEPENDENT CHARACTERISTICS AND AUDIT QUALITY OF DEPOSIT MONEY BANKS IN NIGERIA
Authors: Ahmed Sabo , Kwanti Alfred
Published: October 2020

The study examines the characteristics of auditor’s independence on audit quality of Deposit Money Banks (DMBs) listed on the Nigerian Stock Exchange (NSE) from 2010 to 2019. A sample size of seven Deposit Money Banks was selected using the purposive sampling technique. The study used secondary data, sourced from the audited annual financial reports of the sampled banks. The analysis of the data was done using descriptive statistics, correlation matrix, and panel regression technique. The findings reveal that audit independence and audit firm rotation are positively related to audit quality, whereas audit firm tenure relates negatively to audit quality. The relationship between audit fees and audit quality is positively insignificant. The study recommends that audit firms are to be rotated after three years of service so as to avoid over-familiarity that may jeopardize the quality of audit reports. Also, the regulatory bodies should commence the enforcement of the three years audit tenure requirement proposed by stakeholders to forestall lengthy auditor/client relationship.
Enforcement Mechanisms in International Law and International Environmental Law
Authors: Brunnée Jutta
Published: October 2020

This essay aims to launch the proceedings of international law on a high note, and to suggest that many common impressions of it are wrong in general, and particularly wrong in the context of international environmental law. Even more particularly, multilateral environmental agreements (MEAs) illustrate the maturation and sophistication of international environmental law. If anything, the diversity and flexibility of compliance approaches under MEAs highlight the limited purchase of simple dichotomies such as “binding vs. non-binding” or “enforcement vs. ineffectiveness”. The essay begins by exploring the concept of “enforcement” in international law in general. It suggests that a concept of enforcement as imposition of legal sanctions, or penalties, is unduly narrow. The essay then canvasses some of the main theoretical assumptions about international law and compliance. An exploration of this theoretical context illuminates the reasons underlying common misconceptions about international law and its enforcement, and helps put in perspective the evolution of approaches to compliance in international environmental law. Finally, against the backdrop of these general considerations, the author examines key features of the approaches to compliance and enforcement in international environmental law and MEAs. The aim is to provide a ‘bigger picture’, a context for the detailed discussions of compliance mechanisms that make up the bulk of the conference proceedings.
The network of European Environment and Sustainable Development Advi- sory Councils (EEAC)
Authors: Niestroy Ingeborg
Published: October 2020

Advisory councils for environmental policy and sustainable development are a special kind of body, established by national and regional governments with the explicit task of giving independent policy advice. A variety of institutional types of councils has evolved over time, some of which have common tasks and some of which are more distinct. The network of European Environment and Sustainable Development Advisory Councils (EEAC) is an own initiative for cooperation, whose objectives are to allow member states' councils to exchange experiences and to collaborate in giving policy advice at EU level where appropriate. EEAC has developed from a rather loose set of discussions into what is now an extensive network with some degree of institutionalisation. It gives selective, joint advice on EU policy development, which can be a distinctive source of influence upon environmental policy and sustainable development.
European Union Network for the Implementation and Enforcement of Environmental Law (IMPEL)
Authors: Shears Terry
Published: October 2020

IMPEL was set up in 1992 in Chester, UK, and its original name was the Chester Network. At the time it was established, a concern had been expressed that the growth of environmental legislation was not being matched by improvements in the quality of the environment. The conclusion was that all the links in the environmental chain needed to be strong with an implication that implementation and enforcement were two of the weaker links. Furthermore, disparities in enforcement systems were seen as likely to impose unequal burdens on industry across the Community. There was a proposal that an environmental enforcement network should be created within Member States and that subsequently attention might be focused on developing common enforcement standards and approaches.
The greatest achievement is probably the creation of the network itself. As a result, there is now an EU-wide forum that allows environmental regulators, policy makers and Commission officials to come together for informal exchange of information about the practical implementation of environmental law. There is little doubt as to its value as a contribution to “levelling of the playing field” on enforcement of environmental legislation across the EU, and to development of operational systems within the Member State enforcement agencies as well as assisting in the process of capacity building.
The Nordic Environmental Law Network (NELN)
Authors: Anker Helle Tegner
Published: October 2020

The Nordic Environmental Law Network (NELN) was formally established in 2003 as a network funded by the former Nordic Research Academy – now the Nordic Research Board (NordForsk). However, Nordic co-operation within environmental law research and research training has existed for a number of years. Since 1992 a group of environmental lawyers have organized annual research training courses or seminars for the benefit of in particular Ph.d. students and young researchers within environmental law. These courses and seminars were also generously funded by the former Nordic Research Academy – now NordForsk.
The primary purpose of NELN is to enhance and develop Nordic environmental law research and research training through a variety of network activities. Nordic environmental law researchers are – as in many other countries – often spread among several universities and institutions. The network activities thus serve the purpose of promoting contacts and exchange of experience among environmental law researchers and others dealing with environmental law issues. Previous network activities have led to co-operation in the form of research projects and book projects involving also researchers outside the Nordic countries.
Networking in the Nordic Countries
Authors: de Sadeleer Nicolas
Published: October 2020

The author of this contribution, a lawyer working for different Belgian universities, was appointed to hold the chair of dealing with risk and precaution in social sciences at the University of Oslo in Norway. This short article describes the aim and achievements of the research project.
Transposition and Implementation of EIA Directive in some EU Member States (with special emphasis on transport infrastructure cases)
Authors: Černý Pavel , Jendrośka Jerzy
Published: October 2020

One of the main goals of the Directive 85/337/EEC, on the assessment of the effects of certain public and private projects on the environment (“EIA Directive”), expressed in its Preamble, is to ensure that projects that are likely to have significant environmental impact proceed only after prior assessment of their likely effect on the environment, based on appropriate information supplied by the developer and with proper avenues for public participation. The European Court of Justice (ECD) repeatedly narrowed down the (originally large) scope of discretion of the member states in deciding whether a project shall be subject to EIA or not by requiring the environmental impact assessment for any project which is likely to have serious impacts de facto.
Central to this article is a description of the typical and most important gaps of implementation of the EIA directive, emerging from the specific traffic infrastructure cases. Prior to that, some general remarks on the typical characteristics and problems concerning transposition of the EIA Directive are made.
Member States missing the opportunity to implement ‘polluter pays’ principle
Authors: Coroner Florence
Published: October 2020

The Environmental Liability Directive (ELD), which was adopted in April 2004 and should be transposed by Member States before 30 April 2007, seeks to apply the ‘polluter pays’ principle by forcing operators who are responsible for environmental damage to pay for its remediation. ELD’s provisions apply to water, land and biodiversity. The fact that Member States enjoy great latitude in transposing the Directive has two direct consequences. First, it delays the transposition process owing to the debate between stakeholders over controversial clauses in this Directive. A few EU countries, including the UK, Ireland, and Austria risk missing the deadline. Second, this situation could lead to a very multifarious liability régime in Europe and even among different regions in a single country in federal states, which would clearly complicate monitoring and enforcement of the new law. The indirect consequence is that differing liability régimes risk failing to meet the Directive’s objective of applying the ‘polluter pays’ principle. As it stands most Member States seem to take advantage of the leeway the Directive offers by implementing weak legislation which only complies with the bare minimum requirements of the EU’s legislative text. Those countries are missing the opportunity to implement the ‘polluter pays’ principle.
REACH — Assessment of the political agreement
Authors: Lahl Uwe
Published: October 2020

The purpose of the REACH Regulation is to comprehensively restructure European chemicals law. On 27 June 2006, the Council adopted its Common Position on the basis of the political agreement reached on 13 December 2005. Since September 2006, the European Parliament (EP) has been deliberating the proposed regulation, on the basis of the Council's approved text. This process is now at the 2nd reading stage. This 2nd reading was accompanied by "trilogue" negotiations, between the Parliament, Council Presidency and the Commission, with the aim of achieving a so-called "agreement in the 2nd reading", i.e. a resolution of the European Parliament that the Council could then accept without any changes. In difficult negotiations, this aim was finally achieved. The resulting agreement was then formally approved on 13 December 2006 by the European Parliament's plenary assembly and on 18 December 2006 by the Council. The new Regulation is to be promulgated in the Official Journal in December 2006, and the Regulation enters into force on 1 June 2007.
The trilogue agreement represents the successful conclusion to a reform process lasting more than eight years. It brings great progress in the areas of environmental, consumer and worker protection, while giving companies throughout industry new innovation opportunities via improved knowledge about substances.