bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Efficient general method for numerically modeling laser pulse propagation, overlap, and lifetime effects in amplifiers
Authors: Morrissey F. X. , Rotter M. D. , Erlandson A. C. , Heebner J. E.
Published: September 2024

An efficient numerical time-dependent general method is developed to address incoherent pulse overlap and lifetime effects in laser amplifiers. The alternating propagation-population laser energetics method (APPLE) has been validated against a semi-discrete coupled rate equation numerical method (SDRE) and analytic formalisms in bounding cases. APPLE is based on decoupled rates applied to a time-dependent framework where both space-time-dependent populations and pulse energetics are consistently updated in each time step. A significant advantage of APPLE lies in its conceptual simplicity, ease of implementation, and relatively small computational cost. SDRE tracks the populations through coupled rates and uses the method of lines to discretize the hyperbolic partial differential transport equations allowing for use of ordinary differential equation solvers. With reasonably sized mesh, we report both energetic and power pulse shape relative differences on the order of one percent between the models over a large range of initial conditions.
Digital pre-equalization for performance improvement in coherent PON
Authors: Gong Zepeng , Shi Fan , He Qingyu , Li Jie , Luo Ming , Zhang Xu , Huang Tianye , Li Xiang
Published: September 2024

As high-speed optical access networks continue to evolve, reducing the computational complexity at the optical network unit (ONU) side remains a significant challenge in coherent passive optical network (PON). This paper presents a pre-equalization scheme that integrates digital pre-distortion (DPD) and pre-emphasis techniques in 200 Gb/s coherent PON. The focus is on three modulation formats: 50 Gbaud polarization multiplexing-quadrature phase shift keying (PM-QPSK), 50 Gbaud Alamouti-coded polarization multiplexing-16 quadrature amplitude modulation (PM-16QAM), and 25 Gbaud PM-16QAM, using intradyne or heterodyne detection schemes. Through comprehensive numerical simulations and experimental evaluations, we demonstrate significant improvements in receiver sensitivity and power budget in 200 Gb/s coherent PON. When the number of digital filtering taps is small, the proposed scheme achieves power budget enhancements of 3 dB for 50 Gbaud PM-QPSK, 7 dB for 50 Gbaud Alamouti-coded PM-16QAM, and 2.1 dB for 25 Gbaud PM-16QAM in the downlink. These findings highlight the potential of pre-equalization techniques in enhancing the performance of next-generation coherent PON with low computational complexity at the ONU side.
Deep learning based measurement accuracy improvement of high dynamic range objects in fringe projection profilometry
Authors: Shen Mengmeng , He Liangbo , Zhang Haihua , Ma Lihong , Li Yong
Published: September 2024

One of the key factors affecting the accuracy of three-dimensional (3D) measurement in fringe projection profilometry (FPP) is the phase retrieve accuracy. In the 3D measurement of high dynamic range (HDR) objects, fringe saturation and/or low contrast are difficult to avoid. A greater number of fringe images are needed for 3D measurement of HDR objects by traditional methods, which is unfavorable for the measurement of moving objects. In this paper, what we believe to be a new method to solve the phase demodulation problem of HDR objects using deep learning is proposed. In this method, a “many-to-one” mapping relationship is established using an improved UNet deep neural network. In addition, in order to obtain more saturated fringe information, π-shifted binary fringes were also used. This allows us to retrieve the wrapped phase of HDR objects quickly and accurately. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness and reliability of the proposed method.
Nonlinear vibrational spectrometer for bioapplications featuring narrowband 1-µm pulses and a recycled OPA pump beam
Authors: Heiner Zsuzsanna , Der Andras , Petrov Valentin , Mero Mark
Published: September 2024

Moving the detection wavelength in vibrational sum-frequency generation (VSFG) spectroscopy to the near-infrared (> 700 nm) is crucial to avoid autofluorescence and electronic resonance effects distorting the molecular phase response or triggering unwanted chemical and photophysical reactions. Here, we employ an ultra-narrow bandpass interference filter on Yb laser pulses to generate an upconversion beam near 1.03 µm at a spectral resolution of 5 cm-1. We demonstrate that the beam rejected by the filter can be utilized for driving a supercontinuum-seeded near-infrared optical parametric amplifier, boosting the seed energy for a broadband LiGaS2-based mid-infrared amplifier. Through the example of a chromoprotein, we show that utilizing the scheme can extend the range of interfacial molecular systems that can be studied using VSFG spectroscopy, even in the case of high repetition rate Yb pump lasers with limited pulse energy. The scheme can also be utilized in other types of vibrational spectroscopies that derive their spectral resolution from bandpass-filtering of femtosecond near-infrared laser pulses, such as stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) and coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS) spectroscopy.
High-sensitivity and wide-range refractive index sensing based on the envelope spectrum of the subwavelength grating waveguide racetrack microring resonator
Authors: Yang Mingxiang , Han Shaoshuai , Gao Hongxia , Fang Kangwei , Zhang Shanshan , Liu Yutong , Yan Yunjie , Hao Xiaolei , Zhao Mingshan , Wu Zhenlin
Published: September 2024

Integrated microring resonators (MRRs) on silicon on insulator (SOI) are attractive candidates for excellent performance sensing systems. In this work, a novel, to the best of our knowledge, subwavelength grating waveguide racetrack microring resonator (SWGW-RMRR) on SOI with high-sensitivity and wide-range refractive index (RI) sensing is proposed and demonstrated experimentally. Owing to the exceptional evanescence field of the Bloch mode for the SWGW, the SWGW-RMRR provides highly sensitive RI sensing. Meanwhile, the SWGW-RMRR makes the free of free spectral range (FSR) limitation on the detection range (DR) by monitoring the envelope spectrum. By combining the advantages of the evanescent field and envelope spectrum, a SWGW-RMRR sensor has been demonstrated with a RI sensitivity of 860.8 nm/RIU, a limit of the detection value of 1.9 × 10−5 RIU, and a wide range of detection range. The measured Q-factor of the SWGW-RMRRs with an 88.8 µm total cavity length is 6200. This work can successfully realize high-sensitivity and wide-range RI sensing, showing the promising applications of silicon photonics sensors on chips.
Thermal Properties of Fluoride Fibre Bragg Gratings at High to Cryogenic Temperatures
Authors: Grebnev Kirill , Sultanov Aidar , oelsner Gregor , Chiamenti Ismael , Chernysheva Maria
Published: September 2024

The thermal sensitivity of fibre Bragg gratings (FBGs) is extensively employed in diverse industrial and scientific applications. Notably, it lies at the core of flexible, low-cost and highly precise sensors, featuring stability in harsh environments and distributed sensing capability. This study assesses the thermal properties of FBGs in fluoride fibres within a temperature range of 4—373 K. Despite having higher thermal expansion coefficients, these fibres do not exhibit significantly higher sensitivity at room or higher temperatures. Still, the pronounced dependence of their thermal sensitivity on the Bragg wavelength in the light of the extended transmission range up to 4—5.5 µm shows the potential for sensing applications. Most importantly, employing FBGs inscribed in fluoride fibres enables the further expansion of fibre-based sensing systems to cryogenic environments, as they exhibit a sensitivity of 1—1.35 pm/K in a temperature range of 4—50 K. Moreover, exposure to low temperatures provides valuable information on glass stability and physical parameters, which is beneficial for further development of photonic systems based on fluoride fibres.
Plasmodium NEK1 coordinates MTOC organisation and kinetochore attachment during rapid mitosis in male gamete formation
Authors: Zeeshan Mohammad , Rashpa Ravish , Ferguson David J. , Mckeown George , Nugmanova Raushan , Subudhi Amit K. , Beyeler Raphael , Pashley Sarah L. , Markus Robert , Brady Declan , Roques Magali , Bottrill Andrew R. , Fry Andrew M. , Pain Arnab , Vaughan Sue , Holder Anthony A. , Tromer Eelco C. , Brochet Mathieu , Tewari Rita
Published: September 2024

Mitosis is an important process in the cell cycle required for cells to divide. Never in mitosis (NIMA)-like kinases (NEKs) are regulators of mitotic functions in diverse organisms. Plasmodium spp., the causative agent of malaria is a divergent unicellular haploid eukaryote with some unusual features in terms of its mitotic and nuclear division cycle that presumably facilitate proliferation in varied environments. For example, during the sexual stage of male gametogenesis that occurs within the mosquito host, an atypical rapid closed endomitosis is observed. Three rounds of genome replication from 1N to 8N and successive cycles of multiple spindle formation and chromosome segregation occur within 8 min followed by karyokinesis to generate haploid gametes. Our previous Plasmodium berghei kinome screen identified 4 Nek genes, of which 2, NEK2 and NEK4, are required for meiosis. NEK1 is likely to be essential for mitosis in asexual blood stage schizogony in the vertebrate host, but its function during male gametogenesis is unknown. Here, we study NEK1 location and function, using live cell imaging, ultrastructure expansion microscopy (U-ExM), and electron microscopy, together with conditional gene knockdown and proteomic approaches. We report spatiotemporal NEK1 location in real-time, coordinated with microtubule organising centre (MTOC) dynamics during the unusual mitoses at various stages of the Plasmodium spp. life cycle. Knockdown studies reveal NEK1 to be an essential component of the MTOC in male cell differentiation, associated with rapid mitosis, spindle formation, and kinetochore attachment. These data suggest that P. berghei NEK1 kinase is an important component of MTOC organisation and essential regulator of chromosome segregation during male gamete formation.
Deep autoencoder-based behavioral pattern recognition outperforms standard statistical methods in high-dimensional zebrafish studies
Authors: Green Adrian J. , Truong Lisa , Thunga Preethi , Leong Connor , Hancock Melody , Tanguay Robyn L. , Reif David M.
Published: September 2024

Zebrafish have become an essential model organism in screening for developmental neurotoxic chemicals and their molecular targets. The success of zebrafish as a screening model is partially due to their physical characteristics including their relatively simple nervous system, rapid development, experimental tractability, and genetic diversity combined with technical advantages that allow for the generation of large amounts of high-dimensional behavioral data. These data are complex and require advanced machine learning and statistical techniques to comprehensively analyze and capture spatiotemporal responses. To accomplish this goal, we have trained semi-supervised deep autoencoders using behavior data from unexposed larval zebrafish to extract quintessential “normal” behavior. Following training, our network was evaluated using data from larvae shown to have significant changes in behavior (using a traditional statistical framework) following exposure to toxicants that include nanomaterials, aromatics, per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), and other environmental contaminants. Further, our model identified new chemicals (Perfluoro-n-octadecanoic acid, 8-Chloroperfluorooctylphosphonic acid, and Nonafluoropentanamide) as capable of inducing abnormal behavior at multiple chemical-concentrations pairs not captured using distance moved alone. Leveraging this deep learning model will allow for better characterization of the different exposure-induced behavioral phenotypes, facilitate improved genetic and neurobehavioral analysis in mechanistic determination studies and provide a robust framework for analyzing complex behaviors found in higher-order model systems.
Antiviral capacity of the early CD8 T-cell response is predictive of natural control of SIV infection: Learning in vivo dynamics using ex vivo data
Authors: Vemparala Bharadwaj , Madelain Vincent , Passaes Caroline , Millet Antoine , Avettand-Fenoel Véronique , Djidjou-Demasse Ramsès , Dereuddre-Bosquet Nathalie , Le Grand Roger , Rouzioux Christine , Vaslin Bruno , Sáez-Cirión Asier , Guedj Jérémie , Dixit Narendra M.
Published: September 2024

While most individuals suffer progressive disease following HIV infection, a small fraction spontaneously controls the infection. Although CD8 T-cells have been implicated in this natural control, their mechanistic roles are yet to be established. Here, we combined mathematical modeling and analysis of previously published data from 16 SIV-infected macaques, of which 12 were natural controllers, to elucidate the role of CD8 T-cells in natural control. For each macaque, we considered, in addition to the canonical in vivo plasma viral load and SIV DNA data, longitudinal ex vivo measurements of the virus suppressive capacity of CD8 T-cells. Available mathematical models do not allow analysis of such combined in vivo-ex vivo datasets. We explicitly modeled the ex vivo assay, derived analytical approximations that link the ex vivo measurements with the in vivo effector function of CD8-T cells, and integrated them with an in vivo model of virus dynamics, thus developing a new learning framework that enabled the analysis. Our model fit the data well and estimated the recruitment rate and/or maximal killing rate of CD8 T-cells to be up to 2-fold higher in controllers than non-controllers (p = 0.013). Importantly, the cumulative suppressive capacity of CD8 T-cells over the first 4–6 weeks of infection was associated with virus control (Spearman’s ρ = -0.51; p = 0.05). Thus, our analysis identified the early cumulative suppressive capacity of CD8 T-cells as a predictor of natural control. Furthermore, simulating a large virtual population, our model quantified the minimum capacity of this early CD8 T-cell response necessary for long-term control. Our study presents new, quantitative insights into the role of CD8 T-cells in the natural control of HIV infection and has implications for remission strategies.
Histone variant H2A.Z is needed for efficient transcription-coupled NER and genome integrity in UV challenged yeast cells
Authors: Gaillard Hélène , Ciudad Toni , Aguilera Andrés , Wellinger Ralf E.
Published: September 2024

The genome of living cells is constantly challenged by DNA lesions that interfere with cellular processes such as transcription and replication. A manifold of mechanisms act in concert to ensure adequate DNA repair, gene expression, and genome stability. Bulky DNA lesions, such as those induced by UV light or the DNA-damaging agent 4-nitroquinoline oxide, act as transcriptional and replicational roadblocks and thus represent a major threat to cell metabolism. When located on the transcribed strand of active genes, these lesions are handled by transcription-coupled nucleotide excision repair (TC-NER), a yet incompletely understood NER sub-pathway. Here, using a genetic screen in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, we identified histone variant H2A.Z as an important component to safeguard transcription and DNA integrity following UV irradiation. In the absence of H2A.Z, repair by TC-NER is severely impaired and RNA polymerase II clearance reduced, leading to an increase in double-strand breaks. Thus, H2A.Z is needed for proficient TC-NER and plays a major role in the maintenance of genome stability upon UV irradiation.
The development and validation of a survey to measure fecal-oral child exposure to zoonotic enteropathogens: The FECEZ Enteropathogens Index
Authors: Ballard April M. , Haardörfer Regine , Angulo Betty Corozo , Freeman Matthew C. , Eisenberg Joseph N. S. , Lee Gwenyth O. , Levy Karen , Caruso Bethany A.
Published: September 2024

Child exposure to animal feces and associated enteropathogens contribute to a significant burden of disease in low- and middle-income countries. However, there are no standardized, validated survey-based approaches to enable accurate assessment of child exposure to zoonotic enteropathogens. We developed and validated a survey-based measure of exposure, the fecal-oral child exposure to zoonotic enteropathogens Index (the FECEZ Enteropathogens Index). First, we identified critical attributes of child exposure through in-depth interviews (IDIs) in Ecuador among individuals who care for animals (n = 29) and mothers of children under two years old (n = 58), and through a systematic review of existing exposure measures. Second, based on these findings, we developed a 105-question survey and administered it to 297 mothers with children under age five. Third, we refined the survey, using principal component analysis to determine the optimal number of components. The final index consisted of 34 items across two sub-domains: the child Environment and child Behavior. Lastly, we compared index scores to two commonly used, unvalidated measures of child exposure–maternal reported household animal ownership and presence of animal feces. Using the FECEZ Enteropathogens Index revealed varying degrees of exposure in our study population, with only two children having no exposure. In contrast, if we had used animal ownership or the presence of animal feces as a measure of exposure, 44% and 33% of children would have been classified as having no exposure, respectively. These common binary exposure measures may be inadequate because they do not provide sufficient information to identify the relative risk of zoonotic pathogen exposure. The FECEZ Enteropathogens Index overcomes this limitation, advancing our ability to assess exposure by quantifying the multiple components of child exposure to zoonotic enteropathogens with higher resolution. Additional testing and evaluation of the index is needed to ensure its reliability, validity, and cross-cultural equivalence in other contexts.
Developing an ensemble machine learning study: Insights from a multi-center proof-of-concept study
Authors: Fanizzi Annarita , Fadda Federico , Maddalo Michele , Saponaro Sara , Lorenzon Leda , Ubaldi Leonardo , Lambri Nicola , Giuliano Alessia , Loi Emiliano , Signoriello Michele , Branchini Marco , Belmonte Gina , Giannelli Marco , Mancosu Pietro , Talamonti Cinzia , Iori Mauro , Tangaro Sabina , Avanzo Michele , Massafra Raffaella
Published: September 2024

Background

To address the numerous unmeet clinical needs, in recent years several Machine Learning models applied to medical images and clinical data have been introduced and developed. Even when they achieve encouraging results, they lack evolutionary progression, thus perpetuating their status as autonomous entities. We postulated that different algorithms which have been proposed in the literature to address the same diagnostic task, can be aggregated to enhance classification performance. We suggested a proof of concept to define an ensemble approach useful for integrating different algorithms proposed to solve the same clinical task.

Methods

The proposed approach was developed starting from a public database consisting of radiomic features extracted from CT images relating to 535 patients suffering from lung cancer. Seven algorithms were trained independently by participants in the AI4MP working group on Artificial Intelligence of the Italian Association of Physics in Medicine to discriminate metastatic from non-metastatic patients. The classification scores generated by these algorithms are used to train SVM classifier. The Explainable Artificial Intelligence approach is applied to the final model. The ensemble model was validated following an 80–20 hold-out and leave-one-out scheme on the training set.

Results

Compared to individual algorithms, a more accurate result was achieved. On the independent test the ensemble model achieved an accuracy of 0.78, a F1-score of 0.57 and a log-loss of 0.49. Shapley values representing the contribution of each algorithm to the final classification result of the ensemble model were calculated. This information represents an added value for the end user useful for evaluating the appropriateness of the classification result on a particular case. It also allows us to evaluate on a global level which methodological approaches of the individual algorithms are likely to have the most impact.

Conclusion

Our proposal represents an innovative approach useful for integrating different algorithms that populate the literature and which lays the foundations for future evaluations in broader application scenarios.
Differential protection by nicotinamide in a mouse model of glaucoma DBA/2J revealed by second-harmonic generation microscopy
Authors: Boodram Vinessia , Lim Hyungsik
Published: September 2024

Glaucoma is a blinding disease where the retinal ganglion cells and their axons degenerate. Degradation of axonal microtubules is thought to play a critical role in the pathogenesis, but the mechanism is unknown. Here we investigate whether microtubule disruption in glaucoma can be alleviated by metabolic rescue. The integrity of axonal microtubules and the morphology of the retinal nerve fibers were evaluated by second-harmonic generation microscopy in a mouse model of glaucoma, DBA/2J, which received a dietary supplement of nicotinamide (NAM) for reducing metabolic stress. It was compared with control DBA/2J, which did not receive NAM, and non-glaucomatous DBA/2J-Gpnmb+. We found that the morphology of the retinal nerve fibers, but not axonal microtubules, are significantly protected by NAM. The decoupling is analogous to microtubule deficit, a glaucoma pathology in which axonal microtubules exhibit rapid degradation compared to the morphology of the retinal nerve fibers. Understanding microtubule deficit could provide insights into the divergent responses to NAM. From co-registered images of second-harmonic generation and immunofluorescence, it was determined that microtubule deficit was not due to a shortage of tubulins. Furthermore, microtubule deficit colocalized with the sectors in which the retinal ganglion cells were disconnected from the brain, suggesting that microtubule disruption is associated with axonal transport deficit in glaucoma. Together, our data suggests significant role axonal microtubules play in glaucomatous degeneration, offering a new opportunity for neuroprotection.
Role of the JAK2/STAT3 pathway on infection of Francisella novicida
Authors: Matsumoto Sonoko , Shimizu Takashi , Uda Akihiko , Watanabe Kenta , Watarai Masahisa
Published: September 2024

Francisella tularensisis a causative agent of the zoonotic disease tularemia, and is highly pathogenic to humans. The pathogenicity of this bacterium is largely attributed to intracellular growth in host cells. Although several bacterial factors important for the intracellular growth have been elucidated, including the type VI secretion system, the host factors involved in the intracellular growth ofF.tularensisare largely unknown. To identify the host factors important forF.tularensisinfection, 368 compounds were screened for the negative regulation ofF.tularensissubsp.novicida(F.novicida) infection. Consequently, 56 inhibitors were isolated that decreasedF.novicidainfection. Among those inhibitors, we focused on cucurbitacin I, an inhibitor of the JAK2/ STAT3 pathway. Cucurbitacin I and another JAK2/STAT3 inhibitor, Stattic, decreased the intracellular bacterial number ofF.novicida. However, these inhibitors failed to affect the cell attachment or the intrasaccular proliferation ofF.novicida. In addition, treatment with these inhibitors destabilized actin filaments. These results suggest that the JAK2/STAT3 pathway plays an important role in internalization ofF.novicidainto host cells through mechanisms involving actin dynamics, such as phagocytosis.
Methylation of KSHV vCyclin by PRMT5 contributes to cell cycle progression and cell proliferation
Authors: Niu Danping , Ma Yuanming , Ren Pengyu , Chang Sijia , Li Chenhui , Jiang Yong , Han Chunyan , Lan Ke
Published: September 2024

Kaposi’s sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) is a double-stranded DNA virus that encodes numerous cellular homologs, including cyclin D, G protein-coupled protein, interleukin-6, and macrophage inflammatory proteins 1 and 2. KSHV vCyclin encoded by ORF72, is the homolog of cellular cyclinD2. KSHV vCyclin can regulate virus replication and cell proliferation by constitutively activating cellular cyclin-dependent kinase 6 (CDK6). However, the regulatory mechanism of KSHV vCyclin has not been fully elucidated. In the present study, we identified a host protein named protein arginine methyltransferase 5 (PRMT5) that interacts with KSHV vCyclin. We further demonstrated that PRMT5 is upregulated by latency-associated nuclear antigen (LANA) through transcriptional activation. Remarkably, knockdown or pharmaceutical inhibition (using EPZ015666) of PRMT5 inhibited the cell cycle progression and cell proliferation of KSHV latently infected tumor cells. Mechanistically, PRMT5 methylates vCyclin symmetrically at arginine 128 and stabilizes vCyclin in a methyltransferase activity-dependent manner. We also show that the methylation of vCyclin by PRMT5 positively regulates the phosphorylate retinoblastoma protein (pRB) pathway. Taken together, our findings reveal an important regulatory effect of PRMT5 on vCyclin that facilitates cell cycle progression and proliferation, which provides a potential therapeutic target for KSHV-associated malignancies.
Logos, Inspiration, and Self-Motion in Plato’s Phaedrus
Authors: Bickford Susan
Published: September 2024

Plato is often seen as the quintessential champion of reason, but many of his dialogues dramatize the insufficiency of certain conceptions of reason for ethical and political life. In this article, I trace out the multiple forms and purposes of reason and inspiration in Plato’s Phaedrus, and show that each can be discerning or misleading. No method of reason or experience of inspiration can automatically provide secure moral knowledge. Instead of certainty, the Phaedrus recommends a kind of self-motion that requires an ongoing choice of self via an ongoing practice of logos with others. In this practice, reason intertwines with other forces to ask and answer the questions generated by the multiple values of the soul.
Re)visitar os clássicos greco-latinos em sala de aula
Authors: Cravo Cláudia , Marques Susana , Pereira Susana Marques
Published: September 2024

Este volume reúne vários contributos que exploram, na sua maioria, textos de autores portugueses, de diferentes épocas, com o propósito comum de revisitar os clássicos greco-latinos em sala de aula.

Esta diversidade de colaborações pretende inspirar os docentes do ensino básico e secundário a promover, nas suas aulas, diferentes abordagens didático-pedagógicas, que possam motivar os alunos para a receção da Antiguidade Clássica na língua e na literatura portuguesas.
Género y trayectorias de vida en adultos mayores del Barrio Esmeralda en Arica, Chile
Authors: Montecinos Romero Isabel , Fernández-Murillo María Soledad , Rodríguez-Altamirano Miguel , Naranjo Casapia Jemima
Published: September 2024

El artículo analiza la construcción de roles de género en adultos mayores en Barrio Esmeralda, Arica, Chile, enfocándose en cómo los contextos sociohistóricos y aprendizajes afectan percepciones en familia, educación y trabajo. A través del análisis cualitativo revela la internalización de estereotipos de género y su influencia en interacciones familiares, expectativas sociales y trayectorias ocupacionales. Concluye además la urgencia de implementar intervenciones donde las experiencias de las vejeces se enfoquen desde la experiencia de género.
Collaborative Governance on Energy Management Online Reporting According To Energy Conservation Policy
Authors: Windaru Akim , Kumorotomo Wahyudi , Pitoyo Agus Joko
Published: September 2024

Energy savings in Indonesia are still far from the expected target of only around 79,358 GWh/141,220 GWh. The achievement is based on online reporting of energy management by industry according to government regulation No. 70 of 2009 which is reported regularly every year. This is done by the government as support in reducing the impact of climate change that occurs today. The qualitative method used in this study was a collaborative governance process approach between the government and industry with a collaborative governance cycle that occurs, is then analyzed, and conclusions drawn. The research results obtained include difficulties in identifying industries because there are still differences in authority within different government agencies. There are still 30% of industries that meet the requirements but have not done online energy management reporting including the fulfillment of all energy management activities that must be carried out. Articles related to incentives and disincentives that have not been fully implemented by the government. Collaborative governance is very important to be applied in the division of tasks, functions, and roles of each party involved. So that all can run according to their rights and responsibilities so that the achievement of future energy saving targets can be achieved.  
The Impact of Digital Innovation in School Admission on The High School Participation of Students From Poor Families: Case Study of Online PPDB
Authors: Fachrizal Fachrizal , Jasmina Thia
Published: September 2024

Digital innovation holds a crucial position in enhancing the quality of the education ecosystem in Indonesia. This study assesses the impact of a specific digital innovation in education—the online school admission process (PPDB)—on the participation of students from poor families at the high school level in the Provinces of DKI Jakarta and West Java between 2015 and 2019. Using the Difference-in-Difference method, the research compares regencies/cities that adopt online PPDB with the control variables of the regencies/cities that do not adopt. The findings reveal that the implementation of online PPDB at the high school level led to a 3.28% increase in the school participation of poor students compared to regencies/citiesthat do not implement the online PPDB. Given the significant role of digital innovation in elevating Indonesia's education ecosystem, digital innovation is expected to increase, particularly those facilitating accessible education for the less privileged. However, there are several obstacles still experienced by parents or students regarding the implementation of online PPDB for high school admissions. Future research is encouraged to broaden the sample size, encompassing more provinces, to yield more comprehensive and robust results.
The Effect of Organizational Capacity For Change To Achieve High Performance Organization in Public Research Institutions: Evidence From BRIN Indonesia
Authors: Lastiwi Danarsiwi Tri , Pradana Aditya Wisnu , Wijaya Chandra , Soeling Pantius Drahen , Jatraningrum Diah Anggraeni , Hastuti Tri
Published: September 2024

Strong organizational capacity is necessary to ensure a sustainable or enhanced performance during any form of change. In this regard, changing for achieving a high performance is a must for an institution. This study, through a case study at National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), aims to investigate the effect of organizational capacity of a public research institution for changes to achieve high R&D performance. Eight dimensions in Organizational Capacity for Change (OCC) and five dimensions in High Performance Organization (HPO) were examined. Data were analyzed using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) method. The results reveal that OCC significantly affected HPO at the 5% level, as the value of t-statistics > t-table (1.96). The influence of OCC was 0.875, meaning that an increase in the OCC resulted in a rise in HPO. Furthermore, the structural model of HPO produced an R-square value of 76.6%, reflecting the extent of the diversity of HPO that were able to be explained by the model used in this study, while the remaining (23.4%) were explained by factors outside the model. System Thinking (ST) was revealed as the most dominant dimension in OCC, indicating that BRIN’s capacity for change emphasizes the importance of aligning structures, processes, people, and policy to foster adaptability and resilience. Meanwhile, Management Quality (MQ) was revealed as the most dominant dimension in HPO, indicating that it facilitates smoother transitions in BRIN during the period of organizational change to achieve better R&D performance.
Pandemia e Justiça Criminal: um estudo sobre o julgamento de habeas corpus impetrados por mulheres no Mato Grosso do Sul
Authors: Faisting André Luiz , Rosa Bianca Dutra da
Published: September 2024

A pesquisa analisa habeas corpus impetrados por mulheres no Tribunal de Justiça de Mato Grosso do Sul durante a Pandemia de COVID-19. Considerando que entre os pedidos haviam pacientes gestantes e mães de crianças menores de 12 anos, destacam-se algumas das moralidades apresentadas para a denegação dos pedidos, entre elas a de que as pacientes não cumpriram com seu papel de mãe e, portanto, não seriam merecedoras da prisão domiciliar. Ou seja, elas foram julgadas não apenas na perspectiva do crime imputado, mas também acerca da condição de mãe e mulher. Assim, torna-se imprescindível aprofundar no conhecimento dessas representações sobre os papeis de gênero no intuito de compreender como as desigualdades de gênero também se apresentam como estruturantes do sistema de justiça penal.
«Prospecto» de L’Artiste, por Théophile Gautier. Nota preliminar y texto traducido
Authors: Videla Martínez Julieta
Published: September 2024

El «Prospecto» que escribe Théophile Gautier para la presentación de la renovada propuesta del periódico El artista –del cual es, desde 1856, el director de redacción elegido por los directores generales Édouard Houssaye y Xavier Aubryet–, es un texto importante en torno a los debates sobre la autonomía del arte o su subordinación a las ideologías políticas de la época. A pesar de su importancia, Gautier ha caído en cierto descrédito para la comunidad de investigadores, al menos en lengua castellana, a tal punto que, no sólo escasean estudios sobre sus obras, sino que, hasta el día de hoy, el texto que aquí presentamos, no había sido traducido, y sólo aparece mencionado en contados estudios sobre las ideas estéticas por su famosa frase «creemos en la autonomía del arte (...)».
Una antología reúne múltiples voces de poetas uruguayas
Authors: Puppo María Lucía
Published: September 2024

Se trata de una reseña de
Flores raras: [escondido país]. Poesía de mujeres uruguayas.
Silvia Guerra y Jesse Lee Kercheval (compilación y edición), Prólogo de Lucía Delbene, Epílogo de María Rosa Olivera-Williams. Montevideo: Yaugurú-La madre del borrego, 2023, 448 páginas.
Driving Innovative Healthcare Reform through Meta-governance Strategies
Authors: Meutia Intan , Yulianti Devi , Sujadmiko Bayu
Published: September 2024

Objectives: This study explores the transformative potential of innovation in public sector governance, specifically within the healthcare sector, through meta-governance strategies. Methods: Employing qualitative case study methodology, the study thoroughly analyzes the impact of Bandar Lampung’s free health service program. Drawing from interviews, documents, and observations, the research highlights the critical influence of meta-governance in guiding innovation within the healthcare sector. Results: The findings contribute significantly to our understanding of public sector innovation, emphasizing the importance of meta-governance in fostering transformative change. Conclusion: By highlighting technological advancements in Bandar Lampung, this study offers actionable insights for policymakers, practitioners, and scholars to enhance public service delivery and promote societal progress through innovation.
The Role of Health Literacy in Patient-Physician Communication: A Scoping Review
Authors: Vamos Sandra , Vine Michelle , Gordon Ian , Alaimo Domenic
Published: September 2024

Objective: Our objective was to explore the influence of health literacy on patient-physician communication. Methods: We conducted a scoping review of academic papers using PRISMA guidelines and guidance from the Joanna Briggs Institute. We explored health literacy competencies in studies by examining methods used to evaluate the effectiveness of patient-physician communication and identifying barriers and facilitators to communication in the broader context of relevant health literacy domains. Results: In total, we identified 51 papers that met inclusion criteria. Barriers to effective patient-physician communication were physicians’ lack of understanding of patients’ health literacy capacity, changes in healthcare delivery (time constraints and transforming technology due to COVID-19), and language barriers. Facilitators to communication included patient health literacy level, patient trust in the patient-physician relationship leading to decision-making, telehealth/digital health services, health literacy tools, and patient education materials. Conclusion: Future research, policy, and practice should aim for comprehensive assessment of all health literacy domains crucial for patient-physician communication. Delineating health literacy competencies is essential given increasing emphasis on technological resources in healthcare, culturally and linguistically appropriate care in multicultural societies, and addressing service backlogs precipitated by the COVID-19 pandemic. Findings may inform educational programs focused on health literacy.
The Influence of Electroporation on in Vitro Photodynamic Therapy of Human Breast Carcinoma Cells
Authors: Kulbacka J. , Nowak M. , Skołucka N. , Saczko J. , Kotulska Malgorzata
Published: September 2024

Phototoxicity of drugs used in cancer photodynamic therapy could be augmented by increased accumulation of a photosensitizer in target cells. The intracellular delivery mode that enhances drug transportation could facilitate therapy by reducing the exposure time. Doses of the administered drug and related side effects could be lowered, whilst maintaining the same therapeutic efficiency. Electroporation supports transport of many drugs by creating electric field-induced transient nanopores in the plasma membrane. In this study, the electroporation-assisted transport of a photosensitizer was testedin vitroin human breast carcinoma cell lines: wild-type (MCF-7/WT) and doxorubicin-resistant (MCF-7/DOX). The efficacy of photodynamic therapy alone and in combination with electroporation was evaluated by cell viability with MTT test, using a haematoporphyrin derivative as a model. The data presented show up to 10-fold greater efficacy of the combined method, with very significantly reduced drug exposure times.
The Politics of Business in the Economic "Grossraum": The Example of Belgium
Authors: Gillingham John
Published: September 2024

The purpose of this paper is to consider the experience of occupied Belgium in light of the extraordinary success of Hitler's attempt to harness the European economy to the nazi war effort. Stated baldly: industry in northern and western Europe became a vast engine for the transformation of raw materials from the Balkans into the artifacts of war needed to conquer the East. The immense material yield from the Grossraum, 80.1 billion RM by March, 1944, enabled the Reich to sustain warfare even after the military setbacks in the Russian Winter of 1941-1942. The eventual defeat of the Third Reich occurred in spite of it.
Das Ostrauer Industriegebiet in der Kriegswirtschaft des Dritten Reiches 1938 - 1945
Authors: Grobelný Andělín
Published: September 2024

Das Münchner Abkommen und das Ultimatum der Sanations — Regierung Polens vom 1. Oktober 1938 trugen dazu bei, daß das Ostrauer Industrie- gebiet in vier Teile zerfiel. Der Kern dieses Gebietes mit der Stadt Mor. Ostra- va (Mähr. Ostrau) blieb im Rahmen der restlichen Tschechoslowakei, die Industrieagglomeration um die Städte Bohumín (Oderberg), Karviná (Kar- win) und Třinec (Trzinetz) wurde vom Sanations — Polen besetzt, das Gebiet von Nový Jičín (Neutitschein) und Opava (Troppau) als Teil des sogenannten Sudetengebietes annektiert und zu dem sich neu formenden Sudetendeutschen Gau angeschlossen, während Hluöin (das Hultschiner Land), als ehemaliger Bestandteil des Deutschen Staates bis 1920, direkt ans Reich angeschlossen, in den Kreis Racibórz (Rattibor) und mit ihm in den Regierungsbezirk Opole (Oppeln) und in die Provinz Schlesien eingegliedert worden ist. Das Ostrauer Industriegebiet verlor auf diese Weise einen beträchtlichen Teil seiner In- dustriekapazität. Die Besetzung eines Teils vom Kern und des fast gesamten Hinterlandes beeinträchtigte störend die alten traditionellen Bindungen sowohl in der Rphstoffzufuhr als auch in der Ausfuhr fertiger Erzeugnisse, in der Versorgung mit landwirtschaftlichen Produkten und betraf auch den Markt der Arbeitskräfte. Das brennendste Problem entstand im Zusammen- hang mit den Arbeitskräften und mit manchen inneren Veränderungen in der Ökonomik des Ostrauer Industriegebietes, die sich aus der extensiven Produktionsentwicklung erga ben.
МИЛИТАРИЗАЦИЯ ЭКОНОМИКИ ЧЕХИИ И МОРАВИИ В 1939-1945 ГГ. Изменение структуры управления
Authors: Voraček Emil
Published: September 2024

During the occupation, the Czechoslovak economy (in the territory of the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia) developed under the influence of comprehensive militarization, which directly or indirectly affected all sectors of the national economy. A significant deformation of the pre-war sectoral structure took place, when the importance of arms production and other sectors working for military purposes grew, while other sectors reduced their production and fell into decline. Naturally, the Czechoslovak big bourgeoisie assumed all this and, during the repeated visits of its leaders to Hitler's Germany during 1938, was able to thoroughly familiarize themselves with the military economy of the Third Reich in practice.
Myth and Cyber: A Study of the Narrative and Visual Language of Chinese Cyberpunk Anime Films
Authors: Wang Xiaoya , Yuan Jinbo
Published: September 2024

The cyberpunk genre started a new trend in Chinese anime movies after 2020, represented by the hugely commercially successful New Gods: Nezha Reborn (2021). Unlike Western cyberpunk, which focuses on portraying the future as a subcategory of science fiction, Chinese cyberpunk anime chooses to look back, fusing ancient myths with cyborgs, which is called myth-cyberpunk, reconstructing traditional Chinese culture, and broadening the boundaries of cyberpunk. This paper focuses on spatial construction and characterization in Chinese cyberpunk anime films. It traces the influence of Western cyberculture on Chinese animation and the uniqueness and local innovation of the Chinese side. Importantly, it examines the role of audience participation in the processes of cultural encoding and decoding, as proposed by Stuart Hall, to understand the dynamics behind the growing popularity of cyber animation in China. This paper aims to interpret the evolution of the cyberpunk style in Chinese animations, its reception, and its deeper societal motivations, offering insights into the unique allure of Chinese cyberpunk anime within the contemporary socio-cultural context.
Phytochemical screening, molecular docking, antifertility investigations, and ADME potential of various extracts of Pandanus odoratissimus leaves
Authors: Kumar Satyender , Kumar Dinesh , Sindhu Rakesh K. , Seema  , Devi Manisha , Sagar Sneha
Published: September 2024

Objectives

The purpose of this study was to explore the molecular docking characteristics and antifertility impacts of petroleum ether extract (PEEPO) and chloroform (CHEPO) derived from Pandanus odoratissimus (PO) leaves.

Methods

TriposSybyl-X 2.1 for molecular docking and Swiss ADME for ADME predictions were used. Antifertility activity was determined by using two in vivo animal models, with a focus on estrogenic/antiestrogenic activity and anti-implantation effects.

Results

The findings showed that at different doses (100, 200, and 400 mg/kg), PEEPO had more anti-implantation effect than CHEPO. After taking either extract orally for up to 4,000 mg/kg, no acute toxicity was found. Furthermore, both extracts substantially raised blood oestrogen levels while lowering serum cholesterol and LDL levels, improving their antiimplantation and estrogenic activities, whether given alone or in combination with ethinyl estradiol. Molecular docking scores suggested strong interactions between phytochemicals in the extracts and estrogen receptors. ADME studies highlighted four phytochemicals present in PO leaves, showing high gastrointestinal absorption, blood-brain barrier permeability, and negative Log Kp values, indicating their potential as antifertility agents.

Conclusions

The phytochemicals in both PEEPO and CHEPO demonstrated promising antifertility potential and interactions with estrogen receptors. Isolation of these phytochemicals could lead to the development of effective herbal antifertility formulations.
Predation of Natalus macrourus (Chiroptera: Natalidae) by Trachops cirrhosus (Chiroptera: Phyllostomidae) in a ferriferous Brazilian Amazon cave
Authors: Genelhú Sebastião Maximiano Corrêa , Marcos Marcelo Henrique , Prous Xavier , Ribeiro Mariane , Pietrobon Thadeu
Published: September 2024

Trachops cirrhosus bats are especially notable for feeding on various types of preys throughout its range, including other bat species. Here we report predation events of T. cirrhosus on Natalus macrourus, a new bat species among a wide range of prey.
Effect of magnesium doping on NiO hole injection layer in quantum dot light-emitting diodes
Authors: Lee Nayoon , Vo Van Khoe , Lim Hyo-Jun , Jin Sunwoo , Dang Thi Huong Thao , Jang Heewon , Choi Dayoung , Lee Joon-Hyung , Jeong Byoung-Seong , Heo Young-Woo
Published: September 2024

This study reports on the fabrication of quantum dot light-emitting diodes (QLEDs) with an ITO/Ni1−x
Mg
x
O/SAM/TFB/QDs/ZnMgO/Al structure and investigates the effects of various Mg doping concentrations in NiO on device performance. By doping Mg into the inorganic hole-injection layer NiO (Ni1−x
Mg
x
O), we improved the band alignment with the hole-injection layer through band tuning, which enhanced charge balance. Optimal Mg doping ratios, particularly a Ni0.9Mg0.1O composition, have demonstrated superior device functionality, underscoring the need for fine-tuned doping levels. Further enhancements were achieved through surface treatments of Ni0.9Mg0.1O with UV-Ozone (UVO) and thermal annealing (TA) of the ZnMgO electron transport layer. Consequently, by optimizing Mg-doped NiO in QLED devices, we achieved a maximum external quantum efficiency of 8.38 %, a brightness of 66,677 cd/m2, and a current efficiency of 35.31 cd/A, indicating improved performance. The integration of Mg-doped NiO into the QLED structure resulted in a device with superior charge balance and overall performance, which is a promising direction for future QLED display technologies.