bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ECONOMIC AND FINANCIAL CONDITION OF COOPERATIVE BANKS IN POLAND IN THE LIGHT OF MARKET AND REGULATORY CHALLENGES
Authors: Kata Ryszard
Published: December 2023

The aim of the article is to assess the economic and financial condition of cooperative banks in Poland in 2020-2022, i.e. in the period of deterioration of the conditions of banking activity and the resulting specific market and regulatory challenges. It has been shown that many indicators of the activity of cooperative banks have improved compared to previous years, especially 2017-2019, or reached levels comparable to those recorded in the years of economic prosperity. This applies to e.g. return on assets and return on equity ratios and the loan portfolio quality ratio. Comparison of the financial results achieved by cooperative banks in 2020-2022 with the results of commercial banks shows that in difficult conditions for banking activity, local banks showed good economic condition and financial efficiency. However, this does not change the fact that cooperative banks must continue to adapt their operating model to modern market and regulatory challenges, in particular to technological challenges and growing customer expectations in terms of the quality of banking services.
CHANGES IN THE PRODUCTION OF RAPESEED IN POLAND AFTER ACCESSION TO THE EUROPEAN UNION
Authors: Bełdycka-Bórawska Aneta
Published: December 2023

The aim of this study was to evaluate changes on the Polish rapeseed market after accession to the European Union (EU). Special attention was paid to the demand, supply, and prices of rapeseed in Poland relative to other EU member states. The performance of the rapeseed sector was analyzed based on market data for 2005-2022. Changes on the Polish rapeseed market were assessed with the use of descriptive statistics, the Augmented Dickey-Fuller (ADF) test, and the ARiMA model. In Poland, rapeseed production is spatially diverse and dominates in the western and northern Polish provinces. The largest rapeseed area in 2022 was recorded in the following voivodeships: Lower Silesia (129.1 thousand ha), Wielkopolska (104 thousand ha) and West Pomerania (115.5 thousand ha). In the years 2005-2022 there were changes in the plans and harvest of rapeseed in Poland. The highest rapeseed yields were recorded in 2014 (34.4 dt/ha), 2022 (33.8 dt/ha) and 2021 (32.1 dt/ha), while the lowest in 2011 (22.4 dt/ha) and 2010 (23.6 dt/ha). The harvest were the largest in 2014 (3,275.8 thousand tons) and 2022 (3,643.4 thousand tons). Poland is an important producer of rapeseed in the EU and in 2022 it ranked third (3,300 thousand tons), after France (4,506 thousand tons) and Germany (4,295 thousand tons). Statistical analysis showed changes in the area, yields and harvest of rapeseed. The highest coefficient of variation was recorded for rapeseed harvest (0.236) and the lowest for yields (0.115). In the case of area, yields and harvests, the coefficient of variation was high, which proves the non-stationarity of the time series. The forecast developed for the years 2023-2027 showed downward trends for the area, yields and harvest of rapeseed.
POLISH FOREIGN TRADE OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD PRODUCTS DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC
Authors: Maśniak Jacek , Mikuła Aneta , Gruziel Kinga
Published: December 2023

In the research on the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the economic situation in agriculture, the demand and supply channels are distinguished. They indicate how restrictions on economic activity translate into the volume and structure of production and the demand for agricultural products. The aim of the research was to identify and assess the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on Polish agriculture through the transmission channel of foreign trade. The research period covered the years of 2017-2022. The primary research tool used was time series indicator analysis. During the pandemic, changes in foreign trade were limited only to short-term disruptions, which intensified in the first wave of COVID-19 (2020, second quarter). Trade in agri-food products turned out to be more resistant to shocks caused by the pandemic compared to trade in non-agricultural sectors. Therefore, disruptions on foreign markets did not significantly affect the production and economic situation of Polish agriculture. In the second quarter of 2020, the value of exports of agri-food goods decreased by 2.8% compared to the previous quarter. As it comes to other groups of goods, export values were lower by 7.2-40.1%. At the same time, the value of imports of agri-food goods was lower by 6.1% compared to the previous quarter. Imports of other goods collapsed much more severely as decrease in the value of imported goods ranged from 8.4 to 47.4%.
PRICE RELATIONS OF ORGANIC AND CONVENTIONAL FRUIT AND VEGETABLES
Authors: Smoluk-Sikorska Joanna
Published: December 2023

The paper’s objective is to identify the level of organic fruit and vegetables prices compared to their conventional substitutes’ prices and determine the price premiums for organic products. In order to achieve this goal, prices of both types of food were quoted for 9 months (between October 2022 and June 2023) in various types of commercial outlets offering organic and conventional food located in the Poznań agglomeration. Each week, 60 price registers were created – 30 for organic food and 30 for conventional food. It allowed to calculate the average monthly prices of the investigated products and, based on that, the average price premiums for selected fruits and vegetables. The conducted study proved that generally, the prices of the investigated fruit and vegetables were relatively high and fluctuated similarly, in line with their seasonality and storage properties. The highest price premiums (over 100%) were noted for red beetroots, tomatoes, apples, and potatoes. The price premiums lower than 100% were observed for carrots, onions, bananas, and cucumbers. A decrease in price premiums compared to the former study has been observed, however the price premiums in the Polish market are still relatively high considering more mature organic food markets. This proves that there is a need for further research to improve the market infrastructure efficiency, which would lower the price of organic food.
ECONOMIC EFFICIENCY OF SOYBEAN PRODUCTION DEPENDING ON SOIL TILLAGE SYSTEM
Authors: Bojarszczuk Jolanta , Księżak Jerzy
Published: December 2023

The aim of the study was to evaluate the economic efficiency of soybean cultivars at different soil tillage system (ploughing method, reduced tillage, strip tillage). The study was based on the results of a five-year (2016-2020) field study, conducted at the Agricultural Experimental Station in Kępa Puławy (farm in Osiny), belonging to the Institute of Soil Science and Plant Cultivation in Puławy. In the scheme of trial two cultivars of soybean: Aldana (000 – early) and Merlin (00-mid-early) were used. The strip-till system brought the highest value of harvested soybean seeds of Merlin cultivar – 6,262 PLN/ha (mean in 2016-2020). The high value was also obtained under full ploughing system (6,251 PLN/ha). The highest profitability of soybean cultivation determined based relation production value of seeds to direct cost was obtained under strip-tillage system (mean for two cultivars – 1.68). In direct cost structure the highest percentage had seeds material cost. The gross margin was determined as an indicator of economic efficiency. The economic effectiveness of cultivation of two soybean cultivars was evaluated from the perspective of utilizing the basic factors of production – land. Analysis showed that the highest level of gross margin determined on based the difference of production seeds value, direct cost and indirect cost was obtained in soybean cultivation under strip-tillage system. The profitability index was also determined as the relation of production value of soybean seeds to direct costs. The level of the gross margin was more impacted by the level of the obtained yield and the cost of agrotechnical treatments than by the level of other direct costs.
Epidural Spinal Cord Compression by an Abscess from a Dumbbell Extension of a Non-Osseous Soft Tissue Paravertebral Hydatid Cyst in the Dorsal Region
Authors:   M.B., Ch.B., C.A.B.R. (Radiodiagnosis) Lecturer,Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Duhok, Region of Kurdistan, Iraq., Musalah Saleem Khadir , Sulaiman Muhammad Azeez ,   M.B., Ch.B., F.I.C.M.S. (Neurology) Assistant Prof,Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Duhok, Region of Kurdistan, Mohammad Anas Amer ,   M.B., Ch.B., F.I.C.M.S. (Anaesthesia and Intensive Care) Assistant Prof,Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Duhok, Region of Kurdistan, Iraq, Al-Rawi Walid Wahab ,   M.B., Ch.B., F.R.C.S. (G) (Neurosurgery), Professor,Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Duhok, Region of Kurdistan, Iraq
Published: December 2023

Background and objectives: Human being may become infested with Echinococcus granulosus, as an intermediate host, ending with the formation of hydatid cyst. Hydatidosis, affecting various parts of human body and should be considered in the differential diagnosis of any cystic mass lesion. Osseous Hydatid cyst is rare; however, it involves the spinal column in half of the cases. In the current study, the epidural hydatid cyst had presented with spinal cord compression due to the formation of an epidural abscess formation. Methods: A young adult housewife lady who had been affected by the parasite, primary paravertebral hydatid cyst, between the seventh and ninth dorsal vertebral levels, presented with spinal cord compression due to epidural abscess lesion. Ultrasound, the contrast magnetic resonance, and computed tomography imaging are standard tests in the diagnostic work-up of the lesion and follow-up of the patient. Appropriate dorsal laminectomy, removal of the hydatid cyst, and the inflammatory epidural cystic compressing tissues were done. Results: Operative intervention had resulted in a dramatic improvement in the patient's condition and reversal of her neurological deficit back to normal; the paravertebral ectocyst size had eventually shrunken and there was no recurrence. The excised tissues that were compressing the dorsal spinal cord proved, Histopathologically, to be inflammatory in its microscopical appearance. Conclusions: Hydatid cyst epidural dumbbell extension may rupture and lead to the formation of an abscess, giving enhancement on contrast magnetic resonance and computed tomography scan studies. To our knowledge, this is the first case to be reported in the literature specifying spinal cord compression by an epidural abscess formation from a paraspinal dumbbell extension of hydatid cyst.
Perinatal outcome of women presenting with reduced fetal movements
Authors:   MBChB, KHCMS Trainee in Obstetrics and Gynecology, Maternity teaching hospital, Erbil, Iraq, Khalid Ahang Dizhwar , Khalid Srwa Ismael ,   FRCP, CCST, MRCOG, MRCPI, DRCOG, BSCCP, Consultant obstetrician & Gynecologist, Trainer at British Fertility Society, UKH- SoM University Kurdistan Hewler- School of Medicine
Published: December 2023

Background and objectives: Reduced fetal movement is a reason for concern in both mothers and clinicians. The objective of this study was to assess the pregnancy characteristics and perinatal outcomes in women with decreased fetal movements. Methods: A case-control study was conducted on 489 pregnant women in Maternity Teaching Hospital, Erbil city from October 2021 to December 2022. They were assigned into two groups, cases consisting of 244 women with a perception of reduced fetal movements and a control group including 245 women with good fetal movements. perinatal outcome was compared between the two groups. Results: The majority (59.5%) of the study participants were term pregnancies (? 37weeks). Among women with RFM, 32.4% were nulliparous and 59% were multiparous comparing to control group (26.9% and 63.7%, respectively). A higher proportion of women with reduced fetal movements had gestational diabetes (34%), and preeclampsia (40.2%), compared to women of Group II with the rate of 15.5% and 21.2% respectively. The rate of cesarean section was significantly higher among cases than controls (45% vs. 24.9%, respectively). The rate of abnormal Doppler among Group I women was higher than in Group II women (26.2% versus 2.9%). Significantly higher rate of neonates in Group I had low APGAR score. Conclusions: Perception of reduced fetal movements is a reason for woman to contact their healthcare providers. The poor perinatal outcome is more evident in women with reduced fetal movements.
Maternal Risk Factors & Perinatal Outcomes in Women with Placenta Previa: A Cross Sectional Study
Authors:   MBChB, KHCMS trainee in Obstetrics and Gynecology, Maternity Teaching Hospital, Erbil, Kurdistan region, Iraq, Mahmood Zanwer Sabir , Jawad Ariana Khalis ,   CABAG, FICMS, Professor in Obstetrics and Gynecology. Kurdistan Higher Council of Medical Specialties, Erbil, Kurdistan region, Iraq
Published: December 2023

Background and objectives: Placenta previa is one of the main factors in adverse maternal and neonatal outcomes. This study was conducted to determine risk factors for placenta previa and subsequent maternal and perinatal outcomes. Methods: This cross sectional study was conducted at Maternity Teaching Hospital, Erbil City, Kurdistan region, Iraq, from August 2020 to August 2021. Sixty Patients with placenta previa who presented with antepartum hemorrhage after 24 weeks of gestational age were included in the study. Participants underwent complete obstetrical and clinical assessment including history of risk factors, general physical, abdominal and pelvic examinations. Imaging methods used included transabdominal and transvaginal ultrasound. Patients were managed according to maternal and fetal conditions, and any maternal and fetal complications were recorded. Results: previous history of placenta previa was observed in 16.7% and previous cesarean section in 60% of women. Maternal outcome was good in majority (91.7%) of cases. Hysterectomy was performed on two women (3.3%). Emergency caesarean section was performed on 58.3% of women, and elective caesarean section was performed on 36.7% of women and neonatal death rate was 66.7% among those delivered by spontaneous vaginal delivery. Greater gestational age, lesser neonatal death rate. Women with grade IV placenta previa had worse neonatal and maternal outcomes than women with lower grades of placenta previa. Conclusion: A higher incidence of placenta previa is seen in patients with previous cesarean section, advanced maternal age, and high parity. No significant association was detected between neonatal outcomes and maternal risk factors.
The role of antiplatelet therapy on arteriovenous fistula malfunctioning among hemodialysis patients
Authors:   M.B.Ch.B, M.Sc Community Medicine, Kurdistan Higher Council of Medical Specialties, Erbil,Iraq, Wahab Moayad Abdullah , Mahmood Majeed Hassan ,   M.B.Ch.B, FIBMS-Nephrology, Kurdistan Higher Council of Medical Specialties, Erbil
Published: December 2023

Background and objectives: The vascular access of choice for hemodialysis is the Arteriovenous fistula. A functional vascular access is required for a successful hemodialysis performance. The aim of the study is to examine the effect of antiplatelet therapy on arteriovenous fistula malfunctioning among hemodialysis patients. Methods: A cross-sectional study on 78 end-stage renal disease patients who undergone hemodialysis and had arteriovenous fistula was conducted. The data were collected during the period of 1st April 2020 to 1st April 2021, taking information about socio-demographic data of the patients such as age, gender, past medical history and hemodialysis status. Results: The mean age of patients was 63.87 (± 8.44) years; most of them were female and smokers. Only 17.9% of the patients were not on erythropoietin, while the rest were taking 8000 IU/week (55.1%) or 4000 IU/week (26.9%). After one year of having arteriovenous fistula, more than half (52.6%) of the patients developed arteriovenous fistula malfunctioning in the form of stenosis (17.95%) or thrombosis (34.62%). There were significant statistical associations between arteriovenous fistula malfunctioning and comorbidities, type of anti-platelet and use of erythropoietin. However, non-significant statistical association was found between the development of arteriovenous fistula malfunctioning and gender, duration of hemodialysis and smoking. Conclusions: Antiplatelet therapy and lower doses of erythropoietin use is associated with lower arteriovenous fistula malfunctioning. Prior to the arteriovenous fistula creation, patients should be assessed appropriately.
Flexible ureteroscopy and laser lithotripsy in unilateral multiple renal stones
Authors:   FICMS. Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Sulaimani.Iraq, Rashid Aso Omer , Kamal Lawan Twana ,   MBChB.Department of Urology, Sulaimani Teaching Hospital, Sulaimani, Iraq, Abdulla Goran Friad ,   FICMS.Department of Urology, Shar Teaching Hospital.Sulaimania
Published: December 2023

Background and Objectives: To identify the factors contributing to stone-free rates and postoperative complications of flexible ureteroscopy and laser lithotripsy in unilateral multiple renal stones. Methods: A total of 20 patients had retrograde intrarenal surgery procedures to treat unilateral multiple renal stones, less than 50 mm collectively were reviewed from May 2021 to December 2021. Stone numbers were calculated, and stone size was measured as the cumulative stone diameter of all intrarenal stones. The clinical insignificant residual stones were defined as the absence of stone fragments <4 mm in the kidney at the end of the procedures. Baseline patient characteristics, operation time, hospital stay, stone-free rates, and complications were recorded. Results: Retrograde intrarenal surgery was performed on 20 patients (12 males and 8 females). The overall success rate was 80%. Depending on the sizes of the stones, patients with stones <20 mm had a stone-free rate of 100% (10/10 patients) and patients with stone size? 20mm had a stone-free rate of 60% (6/10) with a (p < 0.003). The number of stones per renal unit was two in 13 patients with a stone-free rate of (92.3%), three in 7 patients, and a stone-free rate was (57.1%) with a (p= 0.06). Postoperative complications were encountered in 4 patients (20%), and all were treated conservatively. Conclusions: Retrograde intrarenal surgery provides a satisfactory stone-free rate with a low complication rate when treating multiple renal stones. However, the success rate, stone-free rate, and the number of sessions significantly depend on the size and the number of stones.
A comparison between modified Kessler and modified Tsuge suture techniques in flexor tendon repair
Authors:   M.B.Ch.B. Rizgary Teaching Hospital, Erbil- Shorsh, Kurdistan region-Iraq, Bakhshi Gulstan Taimur , Fattah Jalal Hamasalih ,   M.B.Ch.B. DGS, FIBMS(Plastic surg.), FEBOPRAS ISAPS member, Assistant Prof. in plastic surgery, Head of Plastic surgery dep. / College of medicine/HMU, Erbil-Iraq
Published: December 2023

Background and Objective: Severed digital flexor tendon needs to be repaired to restore flexion function of the finger. The aim is to evaluate tendon repair outcomes by using two different suturing techniques modified Kessler and modified Tsuge. Patients and Methods: This is a comparative study performed in Rozhawa Emergency Hospital and Emergency Medical Center in Erbil city, Kurdistan region-Iraq between 1st of December 2019 to 1st of June 2021. The study included (33) patients of both genders who presented with acute flexor tendons laceration in fingers which their number were (44) fingers underwent digital flexor repair by using two different suture techniques modified Tsuge and modified Kessler. Results: This study includes (30) males and (3) females, patients with digital flexor tendon cut the age ranged from 18 years to 58 years, mean age was 30.1 ± (10.5) years SD. The majority of the injuries (90.9%) were in zone 2, and the right hand was injured in 56.8% of the total injuries. The most common injured fingers were the ring (25%) and the little finger (25%). The Flexor digitorum profundus was the most common (79.5%) injured tendon. The proportion of the patients who were satisfied with the operation's outcome is 60.6%. Conclusions: Tendon repair by using modified Tsuge 4 strands suture technique showed significant strength and less complication rate.
Thyroid dysfunction and autoantibodies among patients infected with Covid 19 in Erbil city /IRAQ
Authors:   M.B.Ch.B., F.I.B.M.S, Ahmed Halgurd Fathulla ,   Assistant Professor in Internal Medicine-Director of training Kurdistan higher council of medical specialties, Consultant physician,   Rizgary Teaching Hospital, Erbil-Kurdistan region/Iraq, Hameed Esra Omar ,   M.B.Ch.B., FKBMS; Lecturer Department of Medicine College of Medicine, Hawler Medical University, Erbil Teaching Hospital, Erbil-Kurdistan region/Iraq, Ali Yahya Kamal Mohammed ,   M.B.Ch.B., FKBMS; Lecturer, Department of Medicine College of Medicine, Hawler Medical University, Erbil Teaching Hospital, Erbil-Kurdistan region/Iraq
Published: December 2023

Background and objectives: Autoimmune thyroid diseases or specifically Anti-thyroid peroxidase antibodies increasing after corona virus infection pandemic. This study investigating Anti-thyroperoxidase, anti-thyroid stimulating receptor antibodies in conjunction with traditional thyroid markers after corona virus infection hoping that this would aid in reduction of enduring morbidity and associated health concerns. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in Rizgary Teaching Hospital and Erbil Teaching Hospital in Erbil, Iraq, within the period of February to September 2022. The study comprised hundred patients; 80 females and 20 males, these patients had clinical symptoms suspecting thyroid abnormalities and were suspected for having a sort of thyroid disease. They had abnormal thyroid function tests, with investigating thyroid autoantibodies and corona virus infection. Investigations include thyroid function test and antithyroid antibodies. Results: The level of Anti-thyroid peroxidase antibodies was positive among 75 hypothyroidism patients than among hyperthyroidism cases 2, p-value 0.012. Positive Anti-thyroperoxidase antibodies and hypothyroidism were significantly more common among corona virus infected cases, p-value 0.012 and 0.0109 respectively. However; anti-thyroid stimulating hormone receptor antibody was positive only among hyperthyroidism group (18%); p-value was significant 0.019. Conclusions: This study confirmed the correlation between thyroid function test, Anti-thyroperoxidase antibodies values and corona virus infection. Autoimmune thyroid diseases are more common among female cases, in addition; antithyroid antibodies especially Anti-thyroperoxidase antibodies were more common among female patients. There was high prevalence of both hypothyroidism and positive anti-TPO Ab in COVID-19 cases.
ANÁLISE DO USO E COBERTURA DO SOLO NA APA TRIUNFO DO XINGU – PA
Authors: Fernandes Ana Paula Silva , Martins Quézia de Oliveira , Pinho Bianca Caterine Piedade , Pena Gueive Astur , Trovão Ana Alzira Fayal
Published: December 2023

Este trabalho tem como objetivo analisar as transformações do uso e cobertura da terra da APA Triunfo do Xingu - PA, utilizando o software Qgis no tratamento dos dados produzidos pelo MapBiomas na coleção 7 para Amazônia. Considerando essas premissas, este trabalho busca a análise utilizando as técnicas de geoprocessamento e sensoriamento remoto para avaliar a dinâmica dos dados de uso e cobertura da terra gerados pelo MapBiomas, fazendo a caracterização da área de estudo e mapeando as mudanças ocorridas no ano da sua criação e o ano de 2021, onde os resultados gerados podem auxiliar os impactos ocorridos no uso e cobertura da terra da região.
Crossbreeding effects on milk yield and components of Saudi Aradi, Damascus goats and their crosses
Authors: AL-SAEF A M
Published: December 2023

The objective of the study was to improve productivity of Aradi goat breed (A), for milk production traits through crossbreeding with the imported Damascus goats (D). Milk yield and composition were measured biweekly from kidding up to the 24th weeks of lactation. Direct additive genetic effects, direct heterosis, maternal heterosis, and direct recombination effects were determined. Crossbred goats showed improved milk yield and components compared to the local Aradi purebred. The estimates of direct heterosis expressed as percentages relative to parental purebreds showed a range of 3.1 to 6.9% for milk traits. Estimates of direct additive effects for milk traits were significantly higher in favour of Damascus goats by 31.7%. The estimates for milk components were mostly insignificantly in favour of Damascus goats for fat, SNF, protein, lactose and ash. Crossbred goats were associated with significant heterotic improvements for daily milk yield, fat, SNF, protein and ash.
Use of spent maize cobs as source of roughage in the ration of Bandur lambs
Authors: SENANI S , SHARATH B S , ELANGOVAN A V , SAMANTA A K , KOLTE ATUL P
Published: December 2023

Bandur lambs (18), 10-month-old, weighing 11.97 kg body weight were randomly divided into 3 groups of 6 each. The lambs were given a basal diet of ragi straw and concentrate in control group (T1). The maize cobs replaced 50 and 100% ragi straw in the diet of T2 and T3 groups of lambs. All lambs were fed complete diets as TMR with 50:50 of concentrate: roughage meeting the nutrient requirement. Initial body weight, final body weight and the body weight gains were similar among the three groups. There was no effect of the diet on the weight gain. There was no significant change in DMI and nutrient digestibility in different groups. However, incorporation of maize cobs in the diet increased bacterial and fungal counts in the rumen. Bulk density of maize cobs and maize cob-based diets could be increased many folds by converting them in to blocks for easy storage and transportation. The study concludes that ground maize cobs could replace ragi straw completely in the ration of lambs.
In vivo therapeutic evaluation of phage cocktail and probiotic in reducing Salmonella infection in Broilers
Authors: KUMAR TARUN , RAJORA V S , ARORA NIDDHI , MITTAL DINESH , PRASAD AMIT
Published: December 2023

Antimicrobial resistance and ban on the usage of most of the antibiotics in food producing animals especially in poultry and pigs propelled research towards antibiotic alternatives. Food borne and multidrug-resistant (MDR) pathogens like Salmonella can enter food chain via consumption of the contaminated meat. Bacteriophage (phage) therapy could be used during rearing or pre-harvest stages of poultry production to overcome these emerging problems. The present study was conducted to determine the therapeutic effectiveness of bacteriophage cocktail and probiotics against Salmonella gallinarum in experimentally infected broiler chicks based on mortality, clinical manifestations, and faecal shedding. In vitro evaluation revealed that optical density (OD) of Salmonella gallinarum at MOIs of 102 was significantly reduced by individual phages as well as phage cocktail, with comparably less decrease in optical density in the culture treated with individual phage than the phage cocktail. Bacteriophage cocktail with concentration 1011 PFU/ml was able to protect 100% birds infected with Salmonella gallinarum. Faecal shedding rate was significantly low in the birds treated with bacteriophage cocktail and probiotics (1.2%) than untreated group. Significant improvement in body weight was seen in the bacteriophage treated groups as compared to untreated infected group. Based on the findings of the current study, administering high titre bacteriophages alone or in combination with probiotics for the effective management of Salmonella infection in broiler chicks may be suggested as an alternative to antibiotics as well as a useful strategy to control food borne pathogens in the food chain.
Dynamics of livestock and poultry population in India and Himachal Pradesh:A comparative temporal analysis
Authors: DINESH KRISHANENDER , THAKUR D , SANKHYAN V , SUMAN M
Published: December 2023

The present study on livestock population dynamics can provide useful insights about growth trends of various species and overall livestock population. Such type of analysis is useful for making sound policy and programme planning in livestock sector. The study is based on the secondary data (1977 to 2019) collected from sources such as different livestock census, basic animal husbandry statistics, statistical outlines of India and Himachal Pradesh. The results revealed that India’s cattle population after attaining a peak of 204.5 million in 1992 remained in the range of 190-200 million during majority of census period. Cattle population in Himachal after attaining peak in 2007 has shown sharp decline in last two censuses. During last two census (2007-19) period, buffalo population’s growth has slowed down in India whereas it showed negative growth rate in Himachal Pradesh. Goat population in India showed promising positive trend in majority of census period but in Himachal Pradesh, growth has slowed down. Sheep population also showed steady growth in majority of census period in India whereas in Himachal Pradesh it has declined in every census. Therefore, growth rate of cattle and buffalo population has either stagnated or slowed down in India. On the contrary, cattle, buffalo, sheep population declined in Himachal Pradesh and goat population witnessed slower growth rate in comparison to entire India. The poultry population in the India and Himachal Pradesh increased at impressive and consistent growth rate.
Development of a new protocol for estrus induction and synchronizationin multiparous weaned sows
Authors: SINGH MAHAK , MOLLIER R TALIMOA , PATTON R N , PONENER NUNGSHITULA , KATIYAR RAHUL , KALITA H , MISHRA V K
Published: December 2023

Estrus induction and estrus synchronization with P.G. 600 to improve the reproductive performance of multiparous sows is a standard protocol. However, its nonavailability in India and higher cost warrants development of new protocols without compromising the reproductive performance. The present study compared the efficacy of two different protocols for estrus induction and synchronization in multiparous sows. The sows (n=80) were randomly divided into two groups. In group-I, sows (n=40) were injected with P.G. 600 (equine chorionic gonadotropin [eCG] 400 I.U. and human chorionic gonadotropin [hCG] 200 I.U.) and in group-II, P.G. 450 (eCG 300 I.U. and hCG 150 I.U.) intramuscularly. Reproductive performance parameters, including estrus induction, treatment to estrus induction interval, estrus duration, farrowing rate, live born piglets/litter, stillborn piglets, total piglets born/litter, litter size at weaning and pre-weaning mortality were analyzed between two groups. Estrus induction and farrowing rate were numerically higher in group-II but statistically nonsignificant. Treatment to estrus induction interval was 55.59 h and 55.57 h, respectively in group-I and group-II. Similarly, total litter size at birth and litter size at weaning were non-statistically higher in group-II as compared to group-I. In conclusion, the present study demonstrated that estrus induction and synchronization can be successfully achieved in multiparous sows with P.G. 450 and this will reduce the cost of hormonal treatment and optimize the reproductive efficiency in Indian condition.
РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ ФАКТОРНОГО АНАЛИЗА ОСНОВНЫХ КЛИНИЧЕСКИХ СИМПТОМОВ У ДЕТЕЙ С БРОНХИАЛЬНОЙ АСТМОЙ С ОЖИРЕНИЕМ
Authors: Шамсиев Фуркат , Махпиева Гулдона
Published: December 2023

Аннотация: Существует ряд научных публикаций, свидетельствующих о наличии многочисленных патогенетических связей между БА и сопутствующем ей ожирения. Цель исследования: факторный анализ основных клинических симптомов у детей с бронхиальной астмой с ожирением. Материал и методы: Нами проведен ретроспективный анализ историй болезни детей, проходивших лечения в Городской детской больнице города Андижана, Андижанской районной Многопрофильной центральной поликлинике, и в отделениях пульмонологии и аллергологии РСНПМЦ Педиатрии 2015-2019 гг.  В 2015-2019 году на лечение поступило 8919 детей в возрасте от 0 до 18 лет с бронхолегочной патологией, из них, 485 детей с установленным диагнозом БА, что составило 5,4%, среди них было 293 мальчиков и 192 девочек. Каждый повторно обратившийся ребенок госпитализировался от 4 до 6 раз в год. Результаты и обсуждения:  Факторный анализ показал, что у детей с БА с ОЖ кашель, свистящие хрипы в грудной клетке и одышка встречались у 126 (96,9%) и было в 2,12 раз (RR) выше, чем в контрольной группе, доля избыточной заболеваемости (атрибутивный риск) обусловленной влиянием фактора риска равна 0,102, удельный вес случаев заболевания от изучаемого фактора риска (этиологическая доля) равно 52,9%, отношение шансов в группе БА с ОЖ было в 4,85 раза выше, чем в группе с БА. Выводы: Факторный анализ основных клинических симптомов, встречающихся у обследованных детей с БА с ОЖ, показал, что слабость, потливость, одышка, вялость, приступы удушья, влажный кашель и периоральные хрипы являются основными.
HOMILADORLIKNING BIRINCHI TRIMESTRIDA ODATIY HOMILA KO‘TARA OLMASLIKNING MUDDATLARIGA KO‘RA DETSIDUAL TO‘QIMANING PATOMORFOLOGIK VA IMMUNOGISTOKIMYOVIK XUSUSIYATLARI
Authors: Ixtiyorova Gulchehra , Matrizaeva Gulnora
Published: December 2023

Annotatsiya. Homiladorlikning birinchi trimestrida odatiy homila ko‘tara olmaslikda gravidar endometriyning patomorfologik  xususiyatlari fibroblastsimon hujayralar va  predetsidual hujayralarga differensiatsiyasi va o‘zgarishi homiladorlikning asoratlanmagan davridagi hujayralardan sitologik xilma-xilligi va polimorfik ko‘rinishi bilan farq qildi. Tadqiqot maqsadi: Homiladorlikning birinchi trimestrida odatiy homila ko‘tara olmaslikda bachadon endometriysi detsidual qavatining klinik-morfologik va immunogistokimyoviy xususiyatlarini o‘rganib, patologik o‘zgarishlarni aniqlash algoritmini yaratishdan iborat. Tadqiqot material va usullari: RIO va RIATM Xorazm filiali va Xorazm viloyati Perinatal markazida  2021-2023 yillar davomida Homiladorlikning birinchi trimestrida odatiy homila ko‘tara olmaslikda bachadon bo‘shlig‘i kyuretaji va aspiratsiyasi bajarilgan ayollar bachadonidan olingan qirindi tekshirildi. Bachadon kyuretaji yoki aspiratsiyasi yuli bilan olingan to‘qimalardan shu kunning o‘zida kesmalar olindi. Materiallarga biopsiya va operatsion materiallarni gistologik tekshirish usullari unifikatsiyasi Thermo Fisher Scientific gistoprotsessorida 16 soat davomida ko‘rsatmaga mos ravishda ishlov berildi. Natijalar: Immunogistokimyoviy tadqiqot natijasiga ko‘ra, asosiy guruhga nisbatan Ki 67 oqsili va SD34 ekspressiyasi nazorat guruhida yuqori bo‘ldi. Bu homila tushishida detsidual qobiqda proleferativ jarayonlarning sustligi va tomir adgeziyasi pastligi natijasida yuzaga kelishini bildirdi. Xulosa: aniqlangan o‘zgarishlar patomorfologlar, akusher-ginekologlar, immunologlar tomonidan ayollarda homila ko‘tara olmaslik  rivojlanishining patomorfologik mexanizmlarini aniqlash uchun muammoni qo‘shimcha o‘rganishni talab qiladi. Immunogistokimyo gormonlarni davolash samaradorligini aniqroq tashxislash va nazorat qilish imkonini beradi, bemorga induvidual yondashuvni ta’minlaydi va shuning uchun gormon terapiyasi sxemalarini optimallashtirishga imkon beradi.
DESAIN VIDEO LITERASI INFORMASI KEBENCANAAN GEMPA BUMI SESAR LEMBANG
Authors: Bachtiar Alfahrul Bachrudin , Erwina Wina , Kurniasih Nuning
Published: December 2023

Desa Pagerwangi Kecamatan Lembang menjadi salah satu wilayah dengan resiko kebencanaan tinggi termasuk bencana gempa bumi. Bencana tersebut dapat terjadi yang diakibatkan dari aktivitas lempeng aktif Sesar Lembang. Adanya sesar aktif tersebut menjadi kekhawatiran Masyarakat di sekitarnya termasuk kalangan pemuda. Organisasi Karang Taruna sebagai organisasi kepemudaan yang bergerak di bidang sosial harus terus bergerak dalam menanggulangi masalah kebencanaan yang terjadi di wilayahnya. Oleh karena itu, organisasi Karang Taruna harus terus berinovasi dalam melakukan penanggulangan bencana dengan memberikan informasi yang tepat guna dan bermanfaat bagi masyarakat luas. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menentukan model literasi informasi pada video literasi informasi serta merancang konten dan visual pada video sebagai bentuk penyampaian media informasi kepada masyarakat. Menurut data yang diperoleh, video literasi informasi merupakan media yang efektif dalam menyampaikan informasi. Video literasi informasi yang menarik perlu dirancang semenarik mungkin agar menarik minat penonton serta menjadikan masyarakat yang melek informasi. Perancangan penelitian dilakukan dengan metode penelitian tindakan (action research) yang terdiri dari tahap perencanaan, pelaksanaan, pengamatan dan refleksi. Objek dalam penelitian adalah Karang Taruna Pagerwangi Muda Berdaya. Hasil dari penelitian ini berupa video literasi informasi tentang informasi dasar mengenai terbentuknya Sesar Lembang, filosofi menurut Sasakala Sangkuriang, dan penanggulangan situasi darurat bencana melalui Call Center 112. Dengan adanya perancangan ini diharapkan masyarakat dapat lebih mengetahui apa yang harus dilakukan ketika situasi darurat kebencanaan terjadi.
DISEMINASI MELALUI PROGRAM PODCAST SEBAGAI MEDIA EDUKASI TENTANG SITUS BATU KALDE DI KABUPATEN PANGANDARAN
Authors: Azzahra Angie Poetri Febrina , Khadijah Ute Lies S. , Rodiah Saleha
Published: December 2023

Kemajuan teknologi dan informasi telah mengubah cara pengelola wisata Situs Batu Kalde, yaitu Dinas Pariwisata dan Kebudayaan (DISPARBUD), Polisi Husus (Polsus) Cagar Budaya Serta Balai Pelestarian Cagar Budaya (BPCB) yang bertugas di Kabupaten Pangandaran dalam mendiseminasikan koleksi sejarah dan informasi lainnya. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk memberikan sarana edukasi dalam pengembangan pembuatan podcast bagi lembaga. Dalam penelitian ini, metode yang digunakan adalah metode kualitatif dengan pendekatan action research. Proses penelitian ini menghasilkan proses perancangan podcast yang terdiri dari tiga tahap, yaitu tahap melihat (look) untuk mengidentifikasi dan menganalisis strategi tindakan, tahap berpikir (think) untuk merancang produk podcast, dan tahap tindakan (act) untuk menganalisis hasil pengamatan serta melakukan perbaikan terhadap produk penelitian. Dari penelitian ini, diketahui bahwa pengelolaan dan penyebaran informasi oleh lembaga Kabupaten Pangandaran masih kurang optimal, sehingga langkah-langkah untuk mengembangkan media informasi perlu dilakukan agar kegiatan tersebut dapat dilaksanakan dengan lebih efektif dan efisien. Hasil luaran produk penelitian telah teruji kredibilitasnya sehingga podcast dapat dilanjutkan untuk dipublikasikan dan disebar luaskan sebagai media edukasi sejarah kepada masyarakat dan wisatawan.
Evaluation of Stevia rebaudiana Leaf-Axillary Shoot Formation, Cultured in MS Medium Supplemented with IAA-BAP and MS Medium Supplemented with Kinetin
Authors: Rahmawati Andira , Emmanuel Victor , Iriawati Iriawati , Lambangsari Khalilan , Rachmi Esyanti Rizkita , Othman Roohaida , Simamora Aldo Nathan Dela , Suwito Bugy
Published: December 2023

Stevia rebaudiana leaves can be used as a sweetener alternatives because they contain steviol glycoside derivative compounds, including steviosides and rebaudioside-A. Propagation of Stevia is more optimally carried out using in vitro culture when compared to conventional propagation through seeds or cuttings. This study aimed to evaluate the formation and growth of Stevia shoots and leaves in MS medium containing a mixture of IAA and BAP with MS medium containing kinetin only, as well as evaluating the use of a liquid medium containing kinetin. Stevia was initiated from apical shoot then grown in MS medium containing a mixture of IAA and BAP with MS medium containing kinetin only. Stevia was subcultured every 4 weeks. Several parameters measured were number of axillary shoots and number of leaves. It was transferred into a liquid medium for 7 days. The results showed that the formation and growth of axillary buds and leaves at the initiation stage were better in medium containing IAA and BAP compared to medium containing single hormone kinetin. At the stage of shoot multiplication and maintenance, cultivation in semi-solid medium containing kinetin showed more leaves and axillary shoots compared to that cultivated in semi-solid medium with the addition of IAA and BAP. Plants acclimatized in liquid medium supplemented with 1 ppm kinetin showed fast plant growth but were not accompanied by sturdy stem growth. The presence of brownish color on certain parts of the plant such as in some leaves and stems was also observed.
Primer Design and Optimization of Annealing Temperature for Analysis of Glutathione Reductase Gene Expression in Rice (Oryza sativa L.)
Authors: Khaira Annisa , Achyar Afifatul , Zulyusri Zulyusri , Atifah Yusni , Putri Dwi Hilda , Violita Violita
Published: December 2023

Glutathione Reductase (GR) belongs to the NADPH-dependent flavoprotein oxidoreductase family and is found in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes. The GR gene is considered to play a key role in the elimination of oxidative reaction products by looking at the level of gene expression of GR rice in dealing with  drought stress using qPCR. One of the important steps to develop a specific, effective and efficient qPCR is the primer design. Several studies analyzing GR gene expression in rice have also designed primers. However, the primer still lacks an ideal characteristic of primer, as it still has a secondary structure. This studies aims to design rice GR specific primers and optimize the annealing temperature for GR gene expression analysis on rice. Primers were designed using the  Primer3 and Geneious Prime and checked for specificity using the Primer-BLAST tool. The selected primer pairs were then optimized for annealing  temperature using gradient PCR. The best primer design results were GR-Forward 5’-ACGATTGCAGCCAGTGAAGA-3’ and GR-Reverse 5’-TGCGGCAATACTATCAACATCC-3’, with an amplicon length of 204 bp, primer base lengths of 20 and 22 nucleotides, Tm values of 60°C and 58.9°C, %GC of 50% and 45.5%, respectively. This primer pair had no secondary structure, both hairpin and self dimer. Gradient PCR showed the optimum annealing temperature for this primer pair was 52.2oC so that the primer can be used as a specific primer to analyze  the GR gene expression in rice using qPCR.
TINGKAT MOTIVASI PETANI DALAM USAHATANI NILAM DI DESA KECAMATAN ANGATA KABUPATEN KONAWE SELATAN
Authors: Arisanto Muh. , Rosmawaty Rosmawaty , Suriana Suriana
Published: December 2023

The goal of this study was to determine the level of intrinsic and extrinsic motivation of patchouli farmers. This research is located in Puulipu Village, Angata District, South Konawe Regency because the majority of the population works as patchouli farmers and is one of the largest patchouli oil suppliers in Angata District. This research was carried out from October 2022 to January 2023. The data obtained was analyzed quantitatively using the class interval formula. The results of the study found that the level of intrinsic motivation of farmers which includes the expectation of a pleasant job, social needs, and economic needs in running patchouli farming is classified in the high category. This happens because most of the needs and expectations of farmers in patchouli farming have been fulfilled. The level of extrinsic motivation of farmers which includes the availability of facilities and infrastructure, market opportunities, and innovation in patchouli farming is also relatively high. So that farmers are encouraged to increase their patchouli farming.
ANALISIS KOMPETENSI PETANI DISEKITAR WILAYAH PERTAMBANGAN DAN DAMPAKNYA TERHADAP KEGIATAN PERTANIAN BERKELANJUTAN
Authors: Rela Iskandar Zainuddin
Published: December 2023

The research aims to examine the competence of the community around the mining area and its impact on sustainable agricultural development. This research was carried out in January 2023 with a total of 104 farmers living in mining areas. This study uses a quantitative method with data processed by simple linear regression analysis with the help of SPSS software. The results showed that community competence as seen from the ability to plan, solve problems, cooperation, creativity and adaptability as a whole was in the high category. Actions of agricultural development seen from the development of farmer capacity, superior commodities, application of intensification innovations, conservation of agricultural land, strengthening of farmer institutions, and capital support as a whole are in the medium category. Community competence towards sustainable development has a positive and significant relationship with the strength of the relationship referred to in the weak category
ANALISIS SUMBER INFORMASI DAN KAPASITAS PETANI DI DESA LAMBUSA	KECAMATAN KONDA KABUPATEN KONAWE SELATAN
Authors: Maryana Maryana , Rela Iskandar Zainuddin , Wunawarsih Ima Astuty
Published: December 2023

This study aims to determine the utilization of information sources in increasing the capacity of farmers owned by vegetable farmers in Lambusa Village, Konda District, Konawe Selatan District. This research was conducted from December 2022-January 2023. The selection of research locations was carried out purposively (intentionally). The sampling technique is through simple random sampling technique, using descriptive statistical analysis and inferential statistics using the Rank Spearman formula with the help of SPSS software. The results showed that vegetable farmers' use of information sources, such as conventional media, non-conventional media (new media), agricultural extension workers, and motivator farmers, was in the moderate category, with a total average score of 2.58. Meanwhile, the capacity of vegetable farmers, which includes aspects of technical ability, ability to solve problems, planning ability, evaluation ability, environmental adaptability, and partnering ability, is quite varied, from the medium to high category. The role of extension workers in facilitating vegetable farmers to access and use communication technology needs to be increased so that the competence of farmers continues to increase.
HUBUNGAN KAPASITAS PETANI DENGAN KEBERLANJUTAN USAHA PETANI TANAMAN HIAS DI KELURAHAN BENDE KECAMATAN KADIA KOTA KENDARI
Authors: Rafil Muhamad , Sidu Dasmin , Salahuddin Salahuddin
Published: December 2023

The purpose of this study was to determine the capacity of farmers and business sustainability in ornamental plant business and to determine the relationship between farmer capacity and business sustainability of ornamental plant farmers in Bende Village, Kadia District, Kendari City. The determination of the research location was carried out purposively with the consideration that the research location was a center for ornamental plants in Kendari City. The sample in this study was 22 farmers who were taken by the census method. Data collection by way of interviews, surveys, and documentation and using a questionnaire as a data collection instrument. Data analysis used the class interval formula and Spearman rank correlation with the help of SPSS 26. The results of this study indicate that the capacity of ornamental plant farmers in Bende Sub-district which consists of social capacity is dominantly determined by the ability to build partnership networks with a percentage of 45.45%, managerial capacity, dominance is determined by the ability to communicate in problem-solving with a percentage of 54.55% and technical capacity, dominant is determined by the ability to carry out plant nurseries with a percentage of 45.45%. Business continuity in Bende Village consists of social sustainability, dominantly determined by education level with a percentage of 63.63%, economic sustainability, dominantly determined by marketing ability with a percentage of 45.45% and environmental sustainability, dominantly determined by the ability to keep the business environment clean with a percentage of 54 .55%. There is a close and significant relationship between farmer capacity and business sustainability with a correlation coefficient of 0.711 with a significant level of 0.000.