bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Self-Regard in Pastoral Ministry: Self-Compassion versus Self-Criticism in a Sample of United Methodist Clergy
Authors: Lee Cameron , Rosales Aaron
Published: August 2019

Pastoral ministry is a demanding and stressful vocation, and the empirical and anecdotal literature on ministry has often emphasized this negative outlook. More recent work, however, has shifted toward a more positive emphasis on personal characteristics that might help pastors be more resilient. The present study examined the interplay of identity demands, social support, and self-regard in accounting for both positive (positive affect and life satisfaction) and negative (negative affect and burnout) outcomes. Self-compassion, which was measured using the short form of Neff’s (2003) Self-Compassion Scale (SCS-SF), was herein reconceptualized as being comprised of two types of self-regard: self-compassion and self-criticism. Regression analyses with data collected from 200 United Methodist pastors indicated that social support and self-compassion (in descending order of importance) explained a significant proportion of the variance of the positive outcome, while self-criticism, social support, demand, and gender explained the negative.
Gender Differences in Mental Health, Institutional Misconduct, and Disciplinary Segregation
Authors: Severson Rachel E.
Published: August 2019

Despite a growing body of research on the use of disciplinary segregation within prisons, limited research has examined the role that mental health plays in this context, particularly across gender. This article advances theory and scholarship on disciplinary segregation by examining the role of mental health, violence, and gender. Examining these relationships provides insight into the implications of individual characteristics on in-prison behavior and punishment. Using nationally representative data and logistic regression analyses, this article examines the extent to which mental health history influences disciplinary segregation, if violent misconduct mediates this relationship, and the extent to which gender conditions this relationship. Findings suggest that the measurement of mental health history and violent misconduct are influential in the relationship between mental health history and disciplinary segregation and that gender differences emerge. Implications for theory, research, and policy related to in-prison punishment emerge from the results.
Internal Control Weakness and the Asymmetrical Behavior of Selling, General, and Administrative Costs
Authors: Kim Jeong-Bon , Lee Jay Junghun , Park Jong Chool
Published: August 2019

Firms with internal control weakness (ICW) problems are less likely to provide managers with timely and precise information useful for internal resource management. The real options theory implies that managers in ICW firms, faced with information uncertainty, are more likely to postpone downward adjustments of slack resources by exercising an option to wait until more information about future business prospects becomes available. Based upon this theory, we hypothesize and find that selling, general, and administrative (SG&A) costs are stickier for ICW firms than for non-ICW firms. We also find that the effect of ICW on SG&A cost stickiness is primarily attributable to internal information control problems, and becomes weakened significantly after firms remediate previously reported ICW. This impact of ICW on SG&A cost stickiness is robust to controlling for the possible influence of omitted variables, accounting for potential endogeneity in the presence of ICW, and using a firm-specific measure of cost stickiness. Our results are consistent with the prediction of the real options theory in that poor information quality associated with ICW incents managers to postpone downward adjustments of SG&A resources until the information uncertainty is resolved.
Teasing apart television industry disruption: consequences of meso-level financing practices before and after the US multiplatform era
Authors: Lotz Amanda D
Published: August 2019

The emergence of Internet-distributed television services such as Netflix has led viewers and legacy television companies to rethink the norms of television. Internet distribution is often presumed as the source of Netflix’s market differentiation, but the contemporary competitive field has simultaneously been adjusted by shifts in revenue model and ownership regulations. This article examines the multiple shifts in the US television industry to illustrate how adjustments in the underlying financing practices of series production and revenue sources also structure the multiplatform environment. Distribution technology is not reshaping the boundaries and norms of television texts and industries alone, but adjustments to industrial practices such as financing must also be examined. Comparison of the financing practices of subscriber-funded, linear, HBO, and nonlinear Netflix ground the analysis.
Conflict and negotiation in intergenerational care: Older women’s experiences of caring with the Old Age Grant in South Africa
Authors: Button Kirsty , Ncapai Thobani
Published: August 2019

Social policy and welfare provision have converged with socio-economic conditions, cultural beliefs about kin support and intra-household dynamics to position older women as important financial providers in their families. This article draws on the findings of a qualitative study about intergenerational relationships of care in a large township near Cape Town. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with fourteen female Old Age Grant recipients and some of their co-resident adult children. The article focuses on the grant recipients’ experiences of giving and receiving financial support (‘financial care’) in their intergenerational relationships. It also unpacks the intra-household dynamics involved in this caregiving. Although the grant better enabled the women in the study to meet the needs of their households, beliefs about the mutual and shared responsibility for financial caregiving in families informed their expectations of financial assistance from younger kin. When their co-resident younger relatives did earn an income, negotiations around the provision of financial care ensued; generating conflict and reflecting unequal power relations between relatives. These dynamics contributed to the women’s experiences of vulnerability and their high burden of care. In this context, the article examines the state’s role in the care process and how it has contributed to the gendered and generational distribution of care work in families.
The conditional legitimacy of claims made by mothers and other kin in South Africa
Authors: Seekings Jeremy
Published: August 2019

Because redistribution concerns ‘who gets what and from whom’, redistributive conflicts revolve around ‘who should get what and from whom’. Individuals as well as states distinguish between deserving and undeserving claimants. People may favour people they know over strangers, kin over non-kin, or some kin over other kin. This paper uses data from survey experiments to show that young South Africans distinguish between deserving and undeserving claimants on both the state and kin. The hierarchy of desert with respect to public welfare is clear and intuitive, with people who cannot look after themselves being considered more deserving than those who can. Deservingness with respect to different categories of kin – i.e. the ‘radius’ of responsibility for kin – varies less markedly, but with some variation between racial or cultural groups. Deservingness with respect to both public and private support is affected dramatically by the attitude and reciprocity of the claimant, with the important exceptions of mothers who should be supported unconditionally. Public and private support appear to be complements not substitutes for each other, in that people who believe that the state should support people in need are also more likely to believe that kin should do so also.
An exploratory study of verbal interaction between children with different profiles of DLD and their classroom teachers in educational dialogues
Authors: Bruce Barbro , Hansson Kristina
Published: August 2019

Children with a history of developmental language disorder (DLD) entering school are a challenge for classroom teachers. Teachers are often not very familiar with DLD, and language difficulties in school age children are often not obvious in context-supported everyday language. However, their language is still vulnerable. The teachers’ way of talking with four children with DLD, two with predominantly production difficulties and stronger language comprehension and two with language comprehension difficulties were studied in two types of context, differing in their degree of structure. Variables for a quantitative analysis were number of words per minute and mean length of utterance (MLU) in words for both teachers and children, and the number of questions asked by the teacher. A qualitative analysis focused on identifying typical characteristics depending on context and the child’s type of difficulties. In both contexts the teachers talked more than the children, but the difference was smaller in the less structured context, mainly because the children talked more. The two children with predominantly production difficulties seemed to take advantage of the opportunities to take initiatives offered in the less structured context. The children with comprehension difficulties function better in the more structured context, where their comprehension difficulties were less obvious. Studies with more rigorous design analysing more aspects of teacher’s interactive behavior in different contexts and with children with different linguistic profiles are needed to provide teachers with information to raise their awareness of how to provide support adapted to the linguistic profiles of children with DLD.
Clinical relevance of asymptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage post thrombectomy depends on angiographic collateral score
Authors: Nawabi Jawed , Kniep Helge , Broocks Gabriel , Faizy Tobias D , Schön Gerhard , Thomalla G , Fiehler Jens , Hanning Uta
Published: August 2019

Asymptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage (aICH) is a common phenomenon in patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS) treated with endovascular thrombectomy (ET). However, the impact of aICH on the functional outcome remains widely unclear. In this study, we aimed at identifying predictors for aICH and analyzing its impact on functional outcome. Patients with AIS due to large artery occlusion in the anterior circulation treated with successful ET were enrolled in a tertiary stroke center. Patients with aICH or without intracerebral hemorrhage were included according to post-treatment CT performed within 72 h; 100 consecutive patients fulfilled the inclusion criteria and 30% classified with aICH. In logistic regression analysis, lower collateral score (OR 0.24; 95% CI 0.12–0.46, p < 0.0001) was significantly associated with aICH. Less patients with aICH achieved an independent outcome (mRS 0–2, 16.7% vs. 44.3%, p = 0.007). Poor outcome (mRS 4–6) was significantly higher in patients with aICH (41.4% vs. 70%, p = 0.021). Patients with aICH had a lower ratio of independent outcome (OR 0.23, 95% CI 0.05–0.1.05, p = 0.041) than without ICH. There were no differences concerning poor outcome ( p = 0.5). Lower collateral status was a strong independent predictor for aICH. aICH after successful ET may decrease the likelihood of an independent functional outcome without influencing poor outcome.
Implementation Research on Shared Decision Making in Primary Care: Inventory of Intracluster Correlation Coefficients
Authors: Ben Charif Ali , Croteau Jordie , Adekpedjou Rhéda , Zomahoun Hervé Tchala Vignon , Adisso Evehouenou Lionel , Légaré France
Published: August 2019

Background. Cluster randomized trials are important sources of information on evidence-based practices in primary care. However, there are few sources of intracluster correlation coefficients (ICCs) for designing such trials. We inventoried ICC estimates for shared decision-making (SDM) measures in primary care. Methods. Data sources were studies led by the Canada Research Chair in Shared Decision Making and Knowledge Transition. Eligible studies were conducted in primary care, included at least 2 hierarchical levels, included SDM measures for individual units nested under any type of cluster (area, clinic, or provider), and were approved by an ethics committee. We classified measures into decision antecedents, decision processes, and decision outcomes. We used Bayesian random-effect models to estimate mode ICCs and the 95% highest probability density interval (HPDI). We summarized estimates by calculating median and interquartile range (IQR). Results. Six of 14 studies were included. There were 97 ICC estimates for 17 measures. ICC estimates ranged from 0 to 0.5 (median, 0.03; IRQ, 0–0.07). They were higher for process measures (median, 0.03; IQR, 0–0.07) than for antecedent measures (0.02; 0–0.07) or outcome measures (0.02; 0–0.06), for which, respectively, “decisional conflict” (mode, 0.48; 95% HPDI, 0.39–0.57), “reluctance to disclose uncertainty to patients” (0.5; 0.11–0.89), and “quality of the decision” (0.45; 0.14–0.84) had the highest ICCs. ICCs for provider-level clustering (median, 0.06; IQR, 0–0.13) were higher than for other levels. Limitations. This convenience sample of studies may not reflect all potential ICC ranges for primary care SDM measures. Conclusions. Our inventory of ICC estimates for SDM measures in primary care will improve the ease and accuracy of power calculations in cluster randomized trials and inspire its further expansion in SDM contexts.
Transferring Habits of Mind From an Aesthetic Context to Everyday Life
Authors: Berenhaus Molly , Cupchik Gerald
Published: August 2019

This discussion of Habits of Mind is rooted in Ellen Winner and colleagues’ groundbreaking research on the skills and dispositions taught in visual arts, music, and theater classrooms in the United States. The Habits students are learning in these creative contexts have applications to other domains, such as the sciences and everyday life. The philosophical origins of Habits of Mind are discussed in the context of American pragmatism, critical theory, and aesthetic theory in order to expand our understanding of habits and their relationship to creative-thinking and cognition. In contrast with cultural-norms, students’ artistic pursuits may benefit from additional training in expressive imagination.
Nitric oxide (NO) levels in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS): a meta-analysis
Authors: Meng Chan
Published: August 2019

Objective

The pathogenesis of polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) remains unclear, but is known to be related to increased insulin resistance, diabetes, obesity, oxidative stress, inflammation, and cardiovascular disease. No meta-analyses have examined whether PCOS is associated with nitric oxide (NO). Therefore, we aimed to evaluate the association between serum/plasma nitrite levels and PCOS.

Methods

We performed a meta-analysis. To identify eligible original articles, we searched online computerized databases, including EMBASE, Medline, and Web of Science. The characteristics of each single study, as well as the standard mean difference (SMD) with corresponding confidence intervals (CIs), were calculated and subgroup analysis was performed to examine heterogeneity.

Results

We included 12 articles with 16 studies and a total of 895 patients were included in the meta-analysis. We found a significant association between PCOS and serum or plasma nitrite levels, with a pooled SMD of −0.61 (95% CI: −1.05 to −0.16). The final pooled data were determined by the random effects model because significant high heterogeneity ( I2 = 89%) was found.

Conclusions

Our meta-analysis shows that decreased serum or plasma nitrite levels are associated with PCOS. The pathogenesis of PCOS may be due to endothelial dysfunction; however, further research to confirm this possibility is required.
Children’s and adolescents’ views on upper limb prostheses in relation to their daily occupations
Authors: Sims Tara , Donovan-Hall Maggie , Metcalf Cheryl
Published: August 2019

Introduction

Prosthetic treatment is widely used for children and adolescents with upper limb difference, for functional benefit, cosmetic restoration or the performance of specific activities. Children and adolescents feel, however, that prostheses do not help function, are uncomfortable, are unreliable, are heavy and are not aesthetically acceptable. This research aims to develop an understanding of children’s and adolescents’ views on upper limb prostheses in relation to their daily occupations.

Method

Eight children and adolescents with upper limb difference participated in a focus group ( n=4) or an individual interview ( n=4). Data was analysed using thematic analysis.

Results

Participants described both positive and negative views of their prostheses. Participants described experiences where their prosthesis was helpful to them for social interactions, when playing and in self-care and productive activities. However, participants also described choosing not to use prostheses due to lack of functional benefit, causing a hindrance in certain activities and restriction of movement.

Conclusion

Prostheses can be useful tools for occupational participation for children and adolescents. General purpose functional prostheses for children and adolescents can result in the prosthesis not being useful, becoming a hindrance and restricting movement. Task specific devices can overcome these issues to help children and adolescents in social interactions, when playing and in carrying out self-care and productive activities.
Conceptual framework of developmental coordination disorder in adolescence: Findings from a qualitative study
Authors: Payne Sally , Ward Gillian
Published: August 2019

Introduction

Developmental coordination disorder is a common disorder of childhood. Little is known about adolescence, however, and research typically reflects professionals’ and parents’ perspectives. This study explored how life is experienced by teenagers with developmental coordination disorder from their own contemporaneous perspective.

Methods

The study was guided by the principles of interpretative phenomenological analysis and a reference group of older teenagers with developmental coordination disorder. A total of 16 interviews were carried out with nine teenagers aged 13–15 years over a 2-year period, offering the opportunity to examine changes in their experience over time. Accounts were subjected to a systematic process of ideographic, inductive and interpretative analysis.

Findings

Themes revealed were: ‘Doing everything the hard way’; ‘I didn’t want to be seen as anyone different’; ‘I’m an intelligent person but I can’t even write’; ‘Right help, right time’ and ‘Making sense of the diagnosis’. Self-efficacy was a strong recurring theme, influencing participants’ motivation for and participation in daily activities, and affecting teenagers’ sense of resilience, agency, ambition and identity. This article describes the development of a conceptual framework illustrating patterns and connections that occurred across the study themes. The conceptual framework is offered as a novel means of illustrating the complex interaction of factors representing the lived experience of teenagers with developmental coordination disorder.

Conclusion

This study furthers understanding of developmental coordination disorder in adolescence. The conceptual framework is firmly grounded in teenagers’ experience and illustrates the complex interaction of factors influencing teenagers’ lives. The study suggests avenues for intervention and research, and highlights the need for interventions that build teenagers’ self-efficacy to promote positive futures for teenagers with developmental coordination disorder.
Equivalent 10-Year Outcomes After Implantation of Autologous Bone Marrow–Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Versus Autologous Chondrocyte Implantation for Chondral Defects of the Knee
Authors: Teo Alex Quok An , Wong Keng Lin , Shen Liang , Lim Jia Ying , Toh Wei Seong , Lee Eng Hin , Hui James Hoi Po
Published: August 2019

Background:

The use of bone marrow–derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) in cartilage repair procedures circumvents some of the limitations of autologous chondrocyte implantation (ACI), but long-term outcomes for this newer procedure are lacking. The authors previously reported comparable outcomes for the 2 procedures at 2-year follow-up.

Purpose/Hypothesis:

The purpose was to compare the long-term clinical outcomes of ACI versus BMSCs. It was hypothesized that there would be no significant difference between the groups in terms of patient-reported outcome scores and safety outcomes at 10-year follow-up.

Study Design:

Cohort study; Level of evidence, 2.

Methods:

Seventy-two patients who underwent either ACI or BMSC implantation—matched in terms of age and lesion site— were followed up to a median of at least 10 years. Patients were assessed with the 36-item Short Form Health Survey (SF-36), the International Knee Documentation Committee knee evaluation form, the Lysholm Knee Score, and the Tegner Activity Scale. In addition, information was obtained regarding any additional surgical procedures as well as safety data, with particular attention to infection and tumor formation.

Results:

There was an improvement in all patient-reported outcomes scores apart from the Mental Component Summary of the SF-36 after cartilage repair surgery. There was no significant difference in any of the patient-reported outcomes between cohorts at any time point. Six and 5 patients in the ACI and BMSC groups, respectively, underwent subsequent surgical procedures, including 1 total knee replacement in the BMSC group. None of the patients in either group developed any deep infection or tumor within the follow-up period.

Conclusion:

BMSC implantation used for the treatment of chondral defects of the knee appears to result in equivalent clinical outcomes to first-generation ACI at up to 10 years, with no apparent increased tumor formation risk.
Increased Chondrocytic Gene Expression Is Associated With Improved Repair Tissue Quality and Graft Survival in Patients After Autologous Chondrocyte Implantation
Authors: Ackermann Jakob , Merkely Gergo , Mestriner Alexandre Barbieri , Shah Nehal , Gomoll Andreas H.
Published: August 2019

Background:

Assays to quantitate the quality of autologous chondrocyte implants have recently become available. However, the correlation of the assay score with radiological and clinical outcomes has not been established.

Purpose/Hypothesis:

The purpose was to assess the influence of cell identity (chondrocyte/synoviocyte gene expression ratio) and viability on patient-reported outcome measures, graft survival, and repair tissue quality. It was hypothesized that greater cell product quality as assessed through an identity assay and cell viability is associated with superior outcomes after autologous chondrocyte implantation (ACI) for symptomatic cartilage defects.

Study Design:

Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3.

Methods:

Seventy-nine patients with a minimum follow-up of 2 years were included in this study. Of these, 67 patients were available for imaging assessment utilizing the Magnetic Resonance Observation of Cartilage Repair Tissue (MOCART) scoring system. Patients were assigned to groups either below or above the cohort’s mean based on their individual cell identity score and viability percentage.

Results:

Patients were predominantly female (57.7%) with a mean age of 30.0 ± 9.3 years. No differences were seen between Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score, Lysholm, Tegner, or International Knee Documentation Committee Subjective Knee Evaluation Form within the viability and cell identity groups at a final follow-up of 3.8 ± 1.4 years after ACI ( P > .05). In a subset of patients, the mean MOCART score was 68.3 ± 15.6 at an average magnetic resonance imaging follow-up of 17.7 ± 9.56 months. Low cell identity was significantly associated with the degree of defect filling ( P = .025), integration of border zone ( P = .01), effusion ( P = .024), and ACI graft failure ( P = .002). Patients with above-average cell identity scores had a significantly higher survival rate at 5-year follow-up compared with patients with below-average scores (95.8% vs 64.7%; P = .013). Cell viability did not influence MOCART subscales or graft failure (all P > .05). Cell viability and identity showed no significant correlation with each other ( r = −0.045; P = .694).

Conclusion:

Cell identity was significantly correlated with structural repair quality and graft survival after second-generation ACI for symptomatic chondral lesions in the knee. While improved imaging outcome and higher graft survivorship were associated with a higher individual cell identity score indicating a higher chondrocyte/synoviocyte gene expression ratio in the final cell product, clinical outcome did not correlate with the identity score.
The Kaplan Fibers of the Iliotibial Band Can Be Identified on Routine Knee Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Authors: Batty Lachlan , Murgier Jerome , O’Sullivan Richard , Webster Kate E. , Feller Julian A. , Devitt Brian M.
Published: August 2019

Background:

The Kaplan fibers (KFs) of the iliotibial band have been suggested to play a role in anterolateral rotational instability of the knee, particularly in the setting of an anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) rupture. Description of the normal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) anatomy of the KFs may facilitate subsequent investigation into the MRI signs of injury.

Purpose:

To assess if the KF complex can be identified on 3-T MRI using standard knee protocols.

Study Design:

Cohort study (diagnosis); Level of evidence, 3.

Methods:

3-T MRI scans of 50 ACL-intact knees were reviewed independently by a musculoskeletal radiologist and 2 orthopaedic surgeons. Identification of the KFs was based on radiological diagnostic criteria developed a priori. Identification of the KFs in the sagittal, coronal, and axial planes was recorded. Interobserver reliability was assessed using the Kappa statistic. Detailed anatomy including distance to the joint line and relationship to adjacent structures was recorded.

Results:

The mean patient age was 43 years (range, 15-81 years), 58% were male, and 50% were right knees. The KFs were identified by at least 2 reviewers on the sagittal images in 96% of cases, on the axial images in 76% of cases, and on the coronal images in 4% of cases. The mean distance from the KF distal femoral insertion to the lateral joint line was 50.1 mm (SD, 6.6 mm) and the mean distance to the lateral gastrocnemius tendon origin was 10.8 mm (SD, 8.6 mm). The KFs were consistently identified immediately anterior to the superior lateral geniculate artery on sagittal imaging. Interobserver reliability for identification was best in the sagittal plane (Kappa 0.5) and worst in the coronal plane (Kappa 0.1).

Conclusion:

The KF complex can be identified on routine MRI sequences in the ACL-intact knee; however, there is low to moderate interobserver reliability. Imaging in the sagittal plane had the highest rate of identification and the coronal plane the lowest. There is a consistent relationship between the most distal KF femoral attachment and the lateral joint line, lateral gastrocnemius tendon, and superior lateral geniculate artery.
Lifestyle in urology: Cancer
Authors: Emilio Sacco , Luigi Vaccarella , Riccardo Bientinesi , Carlo Gandi
Published: August 2019

The opportunity to prevent, to improve their prognosis, or even to cure uro-oncological diseases by modifying the lifestyle habits is a very modern topical subject and represents a great and fascinating challenge for the future. A PubMed and Web of Science databases search has been performed to review the published knowledge on most important lifestyle habits, such as smoking, physical activity, nutrition, sexual activity, and personal hygiene, highlighting modifiable factors influencing development and progression of urological cancers. Cigarette smoking has been historically established as risk factors for urothelial cancer, and an association with risk of renal cell carcinoma and worse prognosis of prostate cancer has been sufficiently demonstrated. Poor genital hygiene is a recognized risk factor for penile cancer. Furthermore, a convincing evidence has been found on the association between physical activity and both risk and prognosis of bladder and prostate cancer. Obesity is strongly associated with increased risk of developing lethal prostate cancer. An unequivocal evidence of a direct relationship between most of the other lifestyle habits and development of the uro-oncological diseases has not been found.
The political rationalities of indebtedness: Control, discipline, sovereignty
Authors: Bissonnette Jean François
Published: August 2019

This article examines the political character of debt relations, focusing in particular on the increasingly important phenomenon of personal indebtedness. Following Michel Foucault and Gilles Deleuze, it distinguishes between three forms of ‘rationality’ that explain the various power dynamics at play beneath the formal and seemingly voluntary loan contract. Debt first exemplifies the open-ended flows of power that circulate in the networked structures of the ‘societies of control’ described by Deleuze. Far from signaling the demise of the modern disciplines analyzed by Foucault, credit relations are, on the contrary, shown to depend on some of the normalizing procedures that constituted the common core of disciplinary institutions. Arguing for a synchronic approach to historical political rationalities, this article highlights the relationship between debt and sovereignty, showing the intrication of contemporary, financialized forms of capitalist exploitation and the state’s ancient pretension to exact from its citizens an infinite debt of existence. Debt thus combines the respective effects of control, discipline and sovereignty and constitutes as such a powerful technology for the governing of individuals and populations.
Exploring the Impact of Q-Matrix Specifications Through a DINA Model in a Large-Scale Mathematics Assessment
Authors: Wu Haiyan , Liang Xinya , Yürekli Hülya , Becker Betsy Jane , Paek Insu , Binici Salih
Published: August 2019

The demand for diagnostic feedback has triggered extensive research on cognitive diagnostic models (CDMs), such as the deterministic input, noisy output “and” gate (DINA) model. This study explored two Q-matrix specifications with the DINA model in a statewide large-scale mathematics assessment. The first Q-matrix was developed based on five predefined content reporting categories, and the second was based on the post hoc coding of 15 attributes by test-development experts. Total raw scores correlated strongly with the number of skills mastered, using both Q-matrices. Correlations between the DINA-model item statistics and those from the item response theory analyses were moderate to strong, but were always lower for the 15-skill model. Results highlighted the trade-off between finer-grained modeling and less precise model estimation.
Effects of Parental Childhood Abuse on Daily Stress Processes in Adulthood
Authors: Kong Jooyoung , Martire Lynn M. , Liu Yin , Almeida David M.
Published: August 2019

Extensive evidence suggests that exposure to childhood abuse can lead to harmful health effects across a lifetime. To contribute to the literature, the current study examined whether and how a history of parental childhood abuse affects exposure to and severity appraisal of daily stressors in adulthood, as well as emotional reactivity to these stressors. We analyzed 14,912 daily interviews of 2,022 respondents from the second wave of the National Study of Daily Experiences. Multilevel modeling was utilized to analyze nested data, in that each person provided repeated measures of daily experience for eight consecutive study days. Results showed that more frequent experience of maternal childhood abuse was associated with more severe appraisal of daily stressors. In addition, adults with more frequent maternal childhood abuse exhibited greater emotional reactivity to daily stressors. The current study provides evidence that a history of parental childhood abuse may serve as a vulnerability factor in the process of experiencing and responding to stressful events encountered in daily life. Future research should further explore the long-term health effects of daily stress and emotional experience among adults with a history of parental childhood abuse. Interventions for these adults should focus on promoting emotional resilience in the face of daily stress.
Empowerment, Stress, and Depressive Symptoms Among Female Survivors of Intimate Partner Violence Attending Personal Empowerment Programs
Authors: Garcia Esmeralda R. , Stoever Jane K. , Wang Peiyi , Yim Ilona S.
Published: August 2019

Intimate partner violence (IPV) affects one in three women and can have long-lasting psychological effects, with abuse survivors typically exhibiting elevated stress and depressive symptoms. However, women with greater personal empowerment resources (i.e., self-care, agency, self-efficacy) and who practice relaxation techniques generally exhibit lower stress and depressive symptoms. The present study investigated the effectiveness of Personal Empowerment Programs (PEP) and practicing relaxation techniques in promoting empowerment and lowering stress and depressive symptoms. Ninety women were recruited from PEP classes conducted at domestic violence agencies in Orange County, California. Salivary cortisol and affect were assessed before and after one PEP class. Perceived stress, depressive symptoms, empowerment, and relaxation techniques were also assessed. Practicing relaxation techniques correlated with more empowerment. For women without sexual abuse experiences only, having completed more classes (>5 classes) in the program was associated with greater empowerment, less stress, and fewer depressive symptoms. Implications extend to future studies and interventions for IPV survivors.
Sexual Assault Among Women in College: Immediate and Long-Term Associations With Mental Health, Psychosocial Functioning, and Romantic Relationships
Authors: Rothman Karen , Georgia Salivar Emily , Roddy McKenzie K. , Hatch S. Gabe , Doss Brian D.
Published: August 2019

The current study sought to examine immediate and long-term consequences of college sexual assault (C-SA) among women with no prior sexual assault history. While much is known regarding the short-term negative impact of C-SA, the current study examines whether C-SA is associated with immediate academic and psychosocial consequences as well as long-term poorer mental health (depression, posttraumatic stress [PTS], anxiety) and interpersonal functioning (relationship quality, sexual and emotional intimacy). In addition, the current study explores potential moderators of these associations, including race, the nature of the assault, resulting injury, relation to perpetrator, and whether the assault was reported. A stratified design was used comparing women who experienced C-SA ( n = 201) to women with no C-SA history (n = 203) controlling for age, education, race, and ethnicity. Results from a series of repeated-measures analyses of variance (ANOVAs) demonstrated that across race and ethnicity, women with a history of C-SA reported lower grade-point averages, more missed classes, and fewer serious romantic relationships in college following the assault. Furthermore, results from a series of linear and logistic regression revealed that approximately 9 years later, women who experienced C-SA reported greater symptoms of depression, anxiety, and PTS as well as lower emotional and sexual intimacy. These associations differed by a number of assault variables (assault type, relation to perpetrator, amount of fear reported, physical injuries sustained, whether the assault was reported, whether medical treatment was sought). The current study further confirms the significant and pervasive impact of C-SA associated with women’s health and functioning, warranting further intervention to both reduce the incidence of C-SA and expand the reach of existing mental health interventions to survivors.
Educational System Building
Authors: Cohen David K. , Spillane James P.
Published: August 2019

Recognizing that there are many different sorts of school systems in the United States and noting the absence of comparative research on these systems, we sampled six such systems—two public, one not, and three at various places on the border between public and private—for a comparative study of educational system in the United States. In this introduction, we motivate the research and discuss our research questions in order to situated the four papers in this special issue. The first three papers capture how different systems inhabit their environments similarly and differently, exploring the relationship between environments on one hand and the system–instruction connection on the other. The fourth paper sketches a comparative research agenda that would include more school systems, in and outside the United States, as they try to improve instruction.
Validation of Regional Lymph Node Excisional Biopsy for Staging Oral and Maxillofacial Malignant Neoplasms in 97 Dogs and 10 Cats (2006-2016)
Authors: Odenweller Patrick H. , Smith Mark M. , Taney Kendall G.
Published: August 2019

The objective of this retrospective clinical study was to confirm the validity of excisional biopsy of regional lymphocentrums for staging oral and maxillofacial neoplasms in a population of 97 dogs and 10 cats. Patients diagnosed with oral and maxillofacial malignant neoplasms underwent ipsilateral excisional biopsy of the mandibular, parotid, and medial retropharyngeal lymphocentrums that receive afferent drainage from the oral and maxillofacial region followed by curative intent surgery of the neoplasm. Biopsy specimens and the resected neoplasm were submitted to a commercial pathology laboratory for histopathologic assessment. The incidence of metastasis to one or more regional lymphocentrums was 14.0%. Of the cases with metastatic disease, 26.7% did not involve the mandibular lymphocentrum. Although the incidence of regional lymph node metastasis was less than reported previously, regional lymph node assessment is warranted in cases of oral and maxillofacial neoplasia.
Screening tools for targeted comprehensive geriatric assessment in HIV-infected patients 50 years and older
Authors: Sangarlangkarn Aroonsiri , Apornpong Tanakorn , Justice Amy C , Avihingsanon Anchalee
Published: August 2019

Many people living with HIV (PLWH) are aging with geriatric syndromes, but few undergo comprehensive geriatric assessment (CGA) due to limited resources. Our study evaluates tools to identify aging PLWH who may forego CGA. We conducted a cross-sectional study on 357 PLWH ≥50 years old at the Red Cross, Thailand. Tools evaluated were the Veterans Aging Cohort Study Index (VACSI) and G-8, which is predictive among older cancer patients. CGA consists of eight tests: history of fall within 12 months, timed-up-and-go test (TUG), activities of daily living (ADL), instrumental ADL (IADL), Montreal cognitive assessment (MoCA), Thai depression scale (TDS), mini nutritional assessment (MNA), and HIV symptom index (HSI). We considered ≥2 impaired domains on CGA to be abnormal results. Forty-nine percent (n = 175) had ≥2 impaired domains on CGA. Few participants had experienced a fall (11%) or abnormal TUG/ADL/IADL (<2%), and only MoCA/TDS/MNA/HSI were analyzed. A VACSI < 17 produces 85% sensitivity (Se) and 30% specificity (Sp) (area under the ROC curve [AUC] = 63, 95%CI 58–69) and G-8 > 15.5 produces 90%Se and 33%Sp (AUC = 74, 95%CI 69–79) in identifying patients with <2 impaired domains. A G-8 > 13.5 produces 91%Se and 77%Sp (AUC = 89, 95%CI 86–92) in ruling out abnormal nutrition. Patients with VACSI < 17 and G-8 > 15.5 may forego CGA due to low likelihood of abnormal cognition, mood, nutrition, or symptom burden.
Design and experimental analysis of end face profile of tri-screw pump
Authors: Dong Peng , Zhao Shengdun , Zhao Yongqiang , Zhang Peng , Wang Yongfei
Published: August 2019

This study proposes a new type of tri-screw pump, which has a 1:2:3 ratio of the active diameter of the screw, the diameter of the pitch circle, and the top diameter of the active screw. Fixed width correction method of the driven screw is also proposed to avoid wear of tooth top. The mathematical model of active and driven screws is established. To avoid the wear of the tooth top arc, several transition patterns are proposed, and the transition curve in the form of a circular arc is deduced. The designed screw curve is grinded, and the tri-screw pump is assembled. The hydraulic pump test bench is tested using the overflow valve to perform pressure loading of 3–5 MPa on the outlet of the screw pump. The outlet flow rate and pressure are tested, and results indicate that the output flow of the pump conforms to the designed flow rate. This study establishes the detailed equation of the end face profile of the tri-screw pump (active and driven screws) and corrects the arc profile of the line angle.
Parametric identification of integrated model of a coal-fired boiler in a thermal power plant
Authors: Chandrasekharan Sreepradha , Panda Rames C , Natrajan Swaminathan Bhuvaneswari , Panda Atanu , Thyagarajan T
Published: August 2019

Retrofit or replacement of few units in a subcritical facility may not only improve overall efficiency of conversion of energy in a power plant but also support sustainability issues. The primary objective of this article is to identify model parameters of a coal-fired integrated boiler and to present a comparative study on three different identification methods. This leads to select most suitable models that are applied for the developed model of the boiler of 210 MW coal-fired thermal power plants. The mathematical models of economizer, drum, and super-heater assembly are derived using mass balance and energy balance equations. The derived multi input–multi output model is then validated, and the model parameters are identified using three different identification methods namely nonlinear least square technique, maximum likelihood estimation, and expectation maximization algorithms. Identification of the plant model will essentially help to frame a good controller. In this article, parameter estimation has been carried out from real-time plant as it provides selective tool through quantitative comparative study of the three methods. The expectation maximization method has been found to provide suitable results compared to the other two methods. Model parameters of integrated boiler of a comprehensive structure have been obtained for the first time using expectation maximization method.
The “diaspora” diaspora in sport? A systematic literature review of empirical studies
Authors: McSweeney Mitchell , Nakamura Yuka
Published: August 2019

The study and application of the concept of diaspora has grown from its original references to a particular group to encapsulate any individual or group living in a collective community. In the sociological study of sport, diaspora is applied in innovative but potentially problematic ways insofar as the concept of “diaspora” may lose its conceptual and theoretical roots. Given this – as well as the call for greater scholarly examination of diaspora and sport – this article offers a systematic literature review on studies concerned with diaspora and sport. Specifically, we critically discuss: (1) How was diaspora conceptualized? (2) What populations were studied and in what context? (3) How was diaspora examined (i.e. methodology)? (4) What were the results of the study (i.e. main findings and discussion)? In conclusion, we offer theoretical and conceptual dialogue and questions about the future study of diaspora and sport, as well as the application of the term diaspora to dispersed groups in sport contexts.
Direct culture–independent sequence typing of Taylorella equigenitalis obtained from genital swabs and frozen semen samples from South African horses
Authors: May Catherine E. , Guthrie Alan J. , Schulman Martin L.
Published: August 2019

We report herein the use of crude extracts obtained from samples of Taylorella equigenitalis–infected horses for the purpose of multi-locus sequence typing (MLST). Samples ( n = 36) were collected from horses in South Africa from 1996 to 2017: 34 from genital swabs (stored at −20°C for 2–3 y) and 2 from cryopreserved raw semen aliquots (stored at −70°C for 18 y) prior to assay. The MLST assay showed a single sequence type (ST), designated ST4, that supported a point introduction and thus a common source for the South African outbreak of contagious equine metritis.
Critical Factors for Field Staff: The Relationship Between Burnout, Coping, and Vocational Purpose
Authors: Kolaski Alexandra Z. , Taylor Jennifer M.
Published: August 2019

Background: Outdoor Behavioral Health Care (OBH) programs rely on field staff (FS) for the daily management of program activities, client safety and security, assessment information, and therapeutic intervention. Purpose: Given research that indicates turnover rates among FS are high, the present study was designed to evaluate components of resilience and burnout among FS that may help OBH programs retain FS. Methodology/Approach: Confirmatory factor analysis was used to empirically examine the impact of McEwan’s Workplace Resilience Model factors on FS resilience. Findings/Conclusions: A well-fitting model was developed to explain relationships between burnout, coping skills, and purpose among FS. Important links between vocational purpose, coping, and burnout were found. Implications: This article concludes by discussing implications and recommendations for OBH programs, in support of FS retention and workplace satisfaction, including the importance of creating workplace social and physical health support systems and key characteristics of resilient FS.
Barkley Deficits in Executive Functioning Scale (BDEFS): Validation in a Large Multisite College Sample
Authors: Kamradt Jaclyn M. , Nikolas Molly A. , Burns G. Leonard , Garner Annie A , Jarrett Matthew A. , Luebbe Aaron M. , Becker Stephen P.
Published: August 2019

Despite the importance of daily life executive functioning (EF) for college students’ success, few measures exist that have been validated in college students specifically. This study examined the factor structure of the Barkley Deficits in Executive Functioning Scale (BDEFS) in college students. Participants were 1,311 students (ages 18-28 years, 65% female) from five universities in the United States. Additionally, the study examined invariance across sex, age, and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder symptoms. Exploratory structural equation modeling provided strong support for the BDEFS five-factor structure though some items had high cross-loadings on multiple factors. Findings generally supported invariance across sex and age; however, loadings, thresholds, and factor means differed based on attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder symptoms. Stronger support for invariance across sex emerged for a reduced item version that eliminated cross-loading items. Overall, findings provide support for the validity and utility of the BDEFS in college students.