bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PERKEMBANGAN PENAFSIRAN KONFESI-KONFESI YEREMIA
Authors: Chandra Julianto
Published: October 2020

Konfesi-konfesi Yeremia adalah salah satu bagian teks kenabian Perjanjian Lama yang sulit ditafsirkan makna dan tujuan penulisannya. Para ahli berusaha menggunakan berbagai metode penafsiran dalam mengeksegesis konfesi-konfesi Yeremia. Tulisan ini memaparkan dan meninjau perkembangan metode penafsiran yang digunakan para ahli tersebut, mulai dari penafsiran biografis, penafsiran historis-kritis, hingga penafsiran sinkronik yang ditandai dengan penggunaan analisis retorik. Berdasarkan natur dan karakteristik teks konfesi-konfesi Yeremia, penulis menyimpulkan bahwa analisis retorik adalah metode yang paling tepat dalam menafsirkan makna dan tujuan penulisan konfesi-konfesi Yeremia.

Abstract: Jeremiah’s Confessions are considered as some of the most difficult Old Testament texts to be interpreted with respect to their meaning and purpose. Many Old Testament scholars throughout the years have used various methods to exegete Jeremiah’s Confessions. This study aims to present and review these methods, hanging from biographical interpretation, historical criticism method, to the bloom of synchronic interpretation, defined by the use of rhetorical analysis. Based on the text’s nature and characteristic, the study argues that rhetorical analysis is the most suited method to interpret the meaning and purpose of Jeremiah’s Confessions.
KEBANGKITAN STUDI TEOLOGI PATRISTIK: Doktrin Trinitas (Perikhoresis)
Authors: Pranoto Minggus Minarto
Published: October 2020

Teologi Patristik atau teologi bapa-bapa gereja muncul di masa-masa awal dalam sejarah perkembangan gereja. Namun demikian pemikiran teologi Patristik masih terus relevan berhadapan dengan persoalan-persoalan kehidupan sekarang ini. Teologi Patristik merupakan warisan berharga teologi Kristen yang tidak pernah membeku dan menjadi fosil di masa lalu, sebaliknya teologi Patristik mengalami kebangkitan dalam topik-topik kajiannya dan mempunyai daya dorong yang kuat untuk mendasari praksis transformasional pelayanan Kristen di masa sekarang ini. Kebangkitan studi teologi Patristik menunjukkan bahwa teologi Patristik memiliki ruang yang luas untuk diaplikasikan dalam berbagai isu kehidupan. Teologi Patristik setia terhadap kerygma rasul-rasul dan tujuannya agar kehidupan orang percaya memuliakan Allah dan berjuang melakukan praksis transformasional pelayanan Kristen. Doktrin Trinitas (perikhoresis), yang telah diformulasikan dalam teologi Patristik, merupakan salah satu doktrin yang begitu luas didiskusikan dan dikembangkan dalam wacana berteologi sekarang ini.

Abstract: Patristic theology or theology of the Church Fathers emerged in the early days in the history of the development of the Church. However, the thought of Patristic theology continues to be relevant in dealing with the problems of life today. Patristic theology is a valuable legacy of Christian theology that has never been frozen and fossilized in the past, instead Patristic theology experienced a revival in its study topics and has a strong impetus to underpin the transformational praxis of Christian service in the present. The revival of the study of Patristic theology shows that Patristic theology has ample scope to be applied in various issues of life. Patristic theology is faithful to the apostolic faith and its purpose so that the lives of believers glorify God and strive to carry out transformational praxis of Christian service. The doctrine of the Trinity (perikhoresis), which has been formulated in Patristic theology, is one of the doctrines that is so widely discussed and developed in current theological discourse.
ANALISIS KINERJA KEUANGAN DENGAN PENDEKATAN RASIO (Studi Pada PT. Bank Rakyat Indonesia (PERSERO)Tbk.)
Authors: Oktaviani Eka Bekti , - Febriyanto
Published: October 2020

Banks are a very important role for the Indonesian economy. The bank also runs because of thetrust of the community, if there is no trust from the community the bank may not run smoothly. This trustis channeled to the community in the form of credit to improve people's lives. Of the many banks thathave developed in Indonesia, customers must first evaluate the bank's performance to find out whetherthe bank is already good or not to be used as a storage place.The data used is quantitative data. The research method used is quantitative methods, namelyresearch methods that are based on the positivity philosophy used to examine the population or certainsample, this research focuses on aspects of the data originating from internal and external companies inthe process of collection and analysisBank management is advised to maintain and improve its performance so that it gets a verygood predicate. That way it will always be the choice of investors and customers in investing their funds.Banks must be careful in distributing loans that will allow risks for bad credit, which will cause adisruption to the liquidity ratio which will affect the customer's trust in the bank.
ANALISIS KEPUASAN PELANGGAN RESTORAN BUKIT RANDUDI BANDAR LAMPUNG
Authors: - Helmita , - Koriyangga
Published: October 2020

Product and service quality is a determinant of the level of satisfaction obtained by the customer after making a purchase and the use of the product to buy back or not. Bukit Randu Restaurant also serves dishes and drinks with a variety of menus. Customers are the parties who play an important role in assessing the quality of products and food and beverage services.The results of data analysis were obtained; product quality variable, service affect the consumer satisfaction of Bukit Randu Bandar Lampung Resto by 83.34%.Product quality and service partially have a positive effect on customer satisfaction. The quality of products and services together has a positive influence on customer satisfaction in Bukit Randu Bandar Lampung restaurant.
ANALISIS PEMELIHARAAN PREVENTIF AC PACKAGE PADA GERBONG KERETA PENUMPANG K1 DI DEPO 2 GERBONG KERETA BANDUNG
Authors: Pratama Putra Gilang Muharam , Irawan Andri
Published: October 2020

This study aims to analyze the maintenance of AC Package preventive on the K1 passenger train car at Depo 2 of Bandung Rail Car. This research is a qualitative descriptive, using snowball sampling technique. Data collection techniques in this study were interviews, observation, and documentation. In this study using a validity test that is a triangulation of sources, triangulation of techniques and triangulation of time. The results showed that in maintaining the economic life of the AC Package is still not good and still found damage to the AC Package. In the supply of technicians, equipment and supplies are still not available as specified. There are still 44 technicians needed and the equipment is still in poor condition. in this case, the AC Package preventive maintenance activities on K1 passenger train cars still have a lot to be repaired at Depo 2 Bandung
ANALISIS HARGA SAHAM PADA PERUSAHAAN REAL ESTATE DAN PROPERTY YANG TERDAFTAR DI BURSA EFEK INDONESIA TAHUN 2017
Authors: Palupi Galuh Retno , Suhendi Andreas
Published: October 2020

Profitability ratios are ratios to assess a company's ability to find profits. This ratio also provides a measure of the effectiveness of a company's management. This is shown by the profits generated from sales and investment income. Components of profitability ratios used by the author are Return On Assets (ROA), Return On Equity (ROE), and Earning Per Share (EPS). In the case of this study, Real Estate and Property companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange will be the object to be examined by the author.

The results showed that Return On Asset (ROA), Return On Equity (ROE), and Earning Per Share (EPS) simultaneously had an effect on the stock price. It is known from the F test results where the value of Fresult is 10.074 and test T where the value of T-Test significance is less than the success rate value with the value t = 0.000 < α 0.05. In addition, it is also known that variables that affect the stock price are Earning Per Share. This is demonstrated by the results of the T-Test partial ROA having a Sig value of 0.659 and ROE has a value of Sig 0.803. The second value of the variable is greater than the probability value (α) 0.05, whereas the EPS variable has a value of Sig 0.000 smaller than the probability value (α) 0.05.
ANALISIS PENERAPAN LAPORAN KEUANGAN BERDASARKAN STANDAR AKUNTANSI KEUANGAN ENTITAS MIKRO KECIL MENENGAH (SAK EMKM) PADA KIOS GAPOKTAN MARGO MAKMUR DI KECAMATAN JATI AGUNG LAMPUNG SELATAN
Authors: Sundari Elisabet Melita , Purwanti Agnes Susana Merry
Published: October 2020

Gapoktan Kios Margo Makmur, Kec, Jati Agung, South Lampung is a business entity in the form of MSME. So that standardization is needed in carrying out financial records. SAK EMKM is very much needed in regulating the application of financial statements. The variables needed in this study are: Gapoktan Kios financial statements. The aim is to determine the implementation of financial statements based on SAK EMKM on Gapoktan Margo Makmur Kios, Kec, Jati Agung, South Lampung. This type of research is qualitative with a descriptive approach. Data sources are primary and secondary data. Data collection techniques are carried out through interviews, observation and documentation studies. Data analysis with the following stages: data reduction, data display, and drawing conclusions. The results of the study are the records in Margo Makmur Gapoktan Kios are not in accordance with SAK EMKM. This is due to the understanding of the importance of imperfect financial statements held by Gapoktan Kios Owners. Where there are accounts such as expenses, depreciation of fixed assets, capital, receivables and income that have not been explained and recorded in the financial statements.

 Keywords: Financial statements, SAK EMKM

Kios Gapoktan Margo Makmur, Kec, Jati Agung, Lampung Selatan merupakan Badan usaha berbentuk UMKM. Sehingga diperlukan adanya standarisasi dalam melakukan pencatatan keuangannya. SAK EMKM sangat diperlukan dalam mengatur penerapan laporan keuangan. Variabel yang diperlukan dalam penelitian ini adalah: laporan keuangan Kios Gapoktan. Tujuannya untuk mengetahui penerapan Laporan kuangan berdasarkan SAK EMKM pada Kios Gapoktan Margo Makmur, Kec, Jati Agung, Lampung Selatan. Jenis penelitian ini adalah kualitatif dengan pendekatan deskriptif. Sumber data yaitu data primer dan sekunder.  Teknik pemgumpulan data yang dilakukan  melalui metode wawancara, observasi, dan studi dokumentasi. Analisis data dengan tahapan sebagai berikut: reduksi data, display data, dan penarikan kesimpulan. Hasil penelitian adalah pencatatan yang ada pada Kios Gapoktan Margo Makmur belum sesuai dengan SAK EMKM. Hal ini disebabkan karena pemahaman pentingnya laporan keuangan belum sempurna yang dimiliki oleh Owner Kios Gapoktan. Dimana terdapat akun-akun seperti beban-beban, penyusutan aset tetap, modal, piutang dan pendapatan yang belum dijelaskan dan dicatat dalam laporan keuangan.

Kata kunci: Laporan keuangan, SAK EMKM
A Global Analysis of Dust Diurnal Variability Using CATS Observations
Authors: Yu Yan , Kalashnikova Olga V. , Garay Michael J. , Lee Huikyo , Choi Myungje , Okin Gregory S. , Yorks John E. , Campbell James R. , Marquis Jared
Published: October 2020

Abstract. The current study investigates the diurnal cycle of dust loading across the global tropics, sub-tropics, and mid-latitudes by analyzing aerosol extinction and typing profiles observed by the Cloud–Aerosol Transport System (CATS) lidar aboard the International Space Station. According to the comparison with ground-based and other satellite observations, CATS aerosol and dust loading observations exhibits reasonable quality but significant day–night inconsistency. To account for this day–night inconsistency in CATS data quality, the diurnal variability in dust characteristics are currently examined separately for daytime and nighttime periods. Based on an analysis of variance analytical framework, pronounced diurnal variations in dust loading are generally uncovered during daytime periods and over terrestrial areas. The current study identifies statistically significant diurnal variability in dust loading over key dust sources, including the Bodélé Depression, the West African El Djouf, Rub-al Khali Desert, and western and southern North America, confirming the previous observation-based findings regarding the diurnal cycle of dust emission and underlying meteorological processes in these regions. Significant seasonal dust diurnal variability is identified over the Iraqi and Thar deserts. The identified significant diurnal cycles in dust loading over the rainforests in Amazon and tropical southern Africa are hypothesized to be driven by enhanced dust emission due to wildfires.
Jupiter's aurora liveliness during solar minimum
Authors: Palmaerts Benjamin , Grodent Denis , Bonfond Bertrand , Yao Zhonghua , Guo Ruilong , Dumont Maïté , Gérard Jean-Claude , Haewsantati Kamolporn
Published: October 2020

Although studied for many years, the powerful ultraviolet auroral emissions at Jupiter still contain many mysteries. Even well-established theories explaining the Jovian main auroras are now questioned in the light of observations by the Juno spacecraft currently orbiting the giant planet. Jupiter’s aurora is known to respond to changes in solar wind on one hand and to processes occurring inside the magnetosphere on the other hand. However, many changes regularly observed in the aurora could not yet be categorized as solar wind-driven or as internally-driven dynamics. An observing campaign of the Jovian aurora with the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) has been performed between February and September 2019 (HST GO-15638), including approximately 10 visits around each of the perijoves of Juno’s orbits 18 to 22. During this time, the solar activity was minimal, giving the opportunity to investigate auroral dynamics mainly controlled by internal processes. The main emission often appeared dim and diffuse (see the example on Figure 1), in particular on the dawn side where a narrow arc is generally found. In contrast, emissions poleward of the main emission were very dynamic, exhibiting some periodic brightening and intensities occasionally increasing tenfold over a few minutes (like in the middle panel of Figure 1). Many other interesting features are observed, such as dawn storms, duplication of the main emission, fresh and old injection signatures and transpolar arcs. All of these emissions are investigated by combining HST high temporal and spatial resolution images with in situ data simultaneously collected by Juno in Jupiter’s magnetosphere. Additionally, some HST visits have been scheduled while Juno-UV Spectrograph was observing the opposite hemisphere at the same time, enabling the tracking of conjugate auroral features in both hemispheres simultaneously.Figure 1: Sequence of polar projections of HST images of the northern aurora at Jupiter, taken on September 10, 2019.
Atmospheric Escape From TOI-700 d: Venus versus Earth Analogs
Authors: Dong Chuanfei , Jin Meng , Lingam Manasvi
Published: October 2020

The recent discovery of an Earth-sized planet (TOI-700 d) in the habitable zone of an early-type M-dwarf by the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite constitutes an important advance. In this Letter, we assess the feasibility of this planet to retain an atmosphere – one of the chief ingredients for surface habitability – over long timescales by employing state-of-the-art magnetohydrodynamic models to simulate the stellar wind and the associated rates of atmospheric escape. We take two major factors into consideration, namely, the planetary atmospheric composition and magnetic field. In all cases, we determine that the atmospheric ion escape rates are potentially a few orders of magnitude higher than the inner Solar system planets, but TOI-700 d is nevertheless capable of retaining a 1 bar atmosphere over gigayear timescales for certain regions of the parameter space. The simulations show that the unmagnetized TOI-700 d with a 1 bar Earth-like atmosphere could be stripped away rather quickly (< 1 gigayear), while the unmagnetized TOI-700 d with a 1 bar CO2-dominated atmosphere could persist for many billions of years; we find that the magnetized Earth-like case falls in between these two scenarios. We also discuss the prospects for detecting radio emission of the planet (thereby constraining its magnetic field) and discerning the presence of an atmosphere.
Foraminiferal shells under extreme shock conditions
Authors: Muruganantham Mariyappan , Surendra Vikram Sing , Mekka Jayakrishna , Bhushan Ravi , Mason Nigel , Vijayan Sivaprahasam , Sivaraman Bhalamurugan
Published: October 2020

High intensity shock tubes are generally used to mimic extreme conditions, of pressure and temperature, that prevail in impact scenarios. In our experiment we tried to simulate the condition of asteroid and meteorite impacts on early Earth organisms such as foraminifera. The survivability of foraminifera shells (made up to calcium carbonate) in such extreme conditions of pressure and temperature are least known to-date. There are several species of foraminifera and few species of them were subjected to the shock condition, they are the shallow benthic foraminifera Calcarina spengleri, Sorites orbiculus and deep dwelling planktonic foraminifera Pulliniatina obliquiloculata (Fig 1).The experiment was carried out using the high intensity shock tube in PRL. The samples were subjected to shock temperatures of ~ 4000 K for 2 ms using helium as driver gas and krypton as driven gas and the foraminifera samples were kept at the end of the driven section before the end flange. After shock processing the samples were collected by opening the end flange, while physical appearance of the samples analysed by sterioscopic light microscope and it underwent powder, fragmented and turned from pure white to brown, therefore a clear indication found that the shells had undergone high temperature processing. However, it was found that certain variety of foraminiferal shells can be survive at the extreme conditions in an impact event.Fig 1 The foraminifera species used for experiment: 1. Textularia sp., 2. Calcarina spengleri, 3. Pulliniatina obliquiloculata and 4. Sorites orbiculus 
Constraints for a Saturn dust environment model based on in-situ data of the CDA instrument
Authors: Srama Ralf , Albin Thomas , Altobelli Nicolas , Eberhard Grün , Hillier Jon K , Horanyi Mihaly , Hsu Sean , Kempf Sascha , Krüger Harald , Mocker Anna , Moragas-Klostermeyer Georg , Postberg Frank , Schmidt Jürgen , Simolka Jonas , Sommer Maximilian
Published: October 2020

The Cosmic Dust Analyzer (CDA) onboard Cassini characterized successfully the dust environment at Saturn from 2004 to 2017. The study of Saturn’s E ring and its interaction with the embedded moons was a major scientific goal of Cassini. After the end of the mission, the entire CDA data can be analyzed to derive the global parameters of Saturn’s E ring.The CDA instrument measured the primary charge, speed, mass and composition of individual submicron and micron sized dust grains. The instrument was continuously collecting data of dust fluxes and apparent dust densities. Therefore the data cover radial distances between 3 and 20 Saturn radii and equatorial as well as high latitudes. However, the relative impact velocities varied with the dynamical properties of the Cassini spacecraft and with the dust particles. Small relative impact speeds lead to higher mass thresholds for impact detection such that this effect has to be considered in calculating apparent dust densities. Furthermore, the pointing profile of the instrument and the related observation geometry was highly variable. This paper describes an approach to define a dust environment model at Saturn based on the entire CDA dataset.
Aerosol-Organic Condensates-Lake Interactions on Titan
Authors: Yu Yue , Garver Julia , Yu Xinting , Zhang Xi
Published: October 2020

Titan is a dynamic world with a unique N2-CH4 atmosphere where photochemistry is actively converting nitrogen and methane into organic hydrocarbon and nitrile molecules such as C2H6, C2H2, C3H8, C6H6, HCN, etc (Horst, 2017). These simple organic molecules could also further polymerize into more complex molecules and coagulate to form the refractory aerosols that make up Titan’s opaque haze layers. Observations from ground-based telescopes and spacecrafts have shown layers of clouds in Titan’s atmosphere and we have detected multiple hydrocarbon and nitrile compounds residing in the clouds, such as CH4, C2H6, C6H6, HCN, C4N2, HC3N (e.g., Anderson et al., 2018). The discovery of Titan’s clouds has made us wonder about their origin and formation and their role in Titan’s dynamics. The goal of this project is to provide a theoretical framework to better understand cloud formation on Titan through wetting and contact angle estimation. Many of the hydrocarbon and nitrile ice cloud species would remain solid when they fall onto Titan’s surface, so we also aim to study the interactions between these species and the surface of Titan’s lakes.We first determined the species that are condensable in Titan’s atmosphere by plotting their condensation curves and the temperature profile of Titan. We found that CH4, C2H6, C2H2, C3H4, C3H6, C4H2, C6H6, C2N2, C4N2, HCN, and HC3N are able to condense into ice clouds and C3H8 are able to condense into liquid clouds. The refractory solid aerosols in Titan’s atmosphere are proposed to be cloud seeds for the observed cloud species. The surface energy of Titan’s aerosol analog “tholin” has been determined previously (Yu et al., 2017, in revision), which enabled us to estimate the liquid-solid/ice-solid contact angle between the potential cloud condenses and Titan’s aerosol. With the surface tension of the liquid cloud condensate (C3H8) and the surface energy of the solid cloud condensates (CH4, C2H6, C2H2, C3H4, C3H6, C4H2, C6H6, C2N2, C4N2, HCN), we found that the contact angle between all the organic condensates (solid CH4, C2H6, C2H2, C3H4, C3H6, C4H2, C6H6, C2N2, C4N2, HCN, and HC3N and liquid C3H8) and the aerosols are all relatively small (
Electric current systems at Mars and Venus
Authors: Fränz Markus , Dubinin Eduard , Maes Lukas
Published: October 2020

The physics of the interaction of unmagnetized planets with the Solar wind hasbeen investigated since the first Mariner spacecraft did reach Mars and Venusmore than 50 years ago. Recent observations of the magnetic fields at Mars allowed to derive the global electric current configuration in the Martian system.Earlier magneto hydro-dynamic models were able to predict the formationand location of the bowshock in front of the planets. More sophisticated models of the interaction with the magnetized solar wind later could demonstratethe global static picture of the plasma environment of Mars and Venus. But earlier models were rarelyable to model dynamic effects and the timing of physical process in this interaction.We here use the open source PLUTO code in its 3D spherical hydrodynamic and magneto-hydrodynamic version. We also develop a multi-species extension of this code. We investigate the interaction of the solar wind with the ionospheres of Mars and Venus with the aim to understand the importance of  different physical effects on bow shock location, ion escape and specifically the electric current structures. We compare these simulations to observations by the VEX and MAVEN spacecraft.
The influence of infall on the properties of protoplanetary disks
Authors: Schib Oliver , Mordasini Christoph , Helled Ravit
Published: October 2020

The formation of protoplanetary discs is central to planet formation because it sets its initial conditions. Planet formation may also occur  while the star-and-disc system is still being formed.In this work we perform an extensive parameter study of the formation and evolution of protostellar and protoplanetary discs that includes many key physical processes and produces a population of stars in agreement with the initial mass function.We constrain physical quantities like mass, radius, lifetime and gravitational instabilities of protostellar and protoplanetary discs by studying their evolution from formation to dispersal.We perform a total of 50'000 simulations using a 1D vertically-integrated viscous evolution code, studying a parameter space of final stellar masses from 0.05 to 5 Msol. Each star-and-disc system is set up shortly after the formation of the protostar and fed by infalling material from the parent molecular cloud core. Initial conditions are chosen based on the results from the radiation hydrodynamics population synthesis of circumstellar discs by Bate (2018). We also consider a different infall prescription based on the results of Hennebelle et al. (2016) in order to assess the influence of magnetic fields  on the disc formation.We find that protoplanetary discs are very massive early in their lives. When averaged over the entire stellar population, we find ~0.3 and ~0.1 Msol for systems based on hydrodynamic or MHD initial conditions, respectively. Around stars of mass ~ 1 Msol, we find disc masses of ~0.7 and ~0.2 Msol for "hydro"/"MHD", respectively. Furthermore, the inferred total disc lifetimes are long, ~5 - 7 Myr on average. This is despite our choice of a  high value of 10-2 for the background viscosity α-parameter.In addition, we find fragmentation is common in systems based on hydrodynamic simulations, with more fragments of larger mass formed in more massive systems. In contrast, magnetic fields may suppress fragmentation completely. 
The European Commission funded NEO-MAPP project in support of the ESA Hera mission: Near-Earth Object Modelling And Payload for Protection
Authors: Michel Patrick , Falke Albert , Ulamec Stephan ,   NEO-MAPP Team
Published: October 2020

NEO-MAPP stands for Near Earth Object Modelling And Payload for Protection. This project is funded by the H2020 program of the European Commission and addresses the topic "Advanced research in Near Earth Objects (NEOs) and new payload technologies for planetary defence" (SU-SPACE-23-SEC-2019).NEO-MAPP selected as primarily reference scenario the ESA Hera mission, which has recently been approved by the ESA Council at Ministerial Level, Space19+, in November 2019 for launch in 2024. The main goal of NEO-MAPP is to support the development and data analysis of NEO missions, as Hera and provide significant advances in both our understanding of the response of NEOs to external forces (in particular a kinetic impact or a close planetary approach), and in the associated measurements by a spacecraft (including those necessary for the physical and dynamical characterization in general).The NEO-MAPP objectives, include: (1) Pushing the limits of numerical modelling of the response of NEOs to a kinetic impact, as well as of their physical and dynamical properties while maturing European modelling capabilities linked to planetary defence and NEO exploration; (2) Increasing the maturity of multiple spaceborn and landed European instruments directly related to planetary defence, while focusing on measurements of surface, shallow sub-surface and interior properties of NEOs; (3) Developing algorithms and simulators to prepare for closeproximity operations and payload data analyses and exploitation; (4) Developing innovative and synergetic measurement and data-analysis strategies that combine multiple payloads, to ensure optimal data exploitation for NEO missions; (5) Developing and validating robust GNC strategies and technologies enabling surface interaction and direct response measurements performed by CubeSat or small/micro-lander architectures.Building on the expertise of NEO-MAPP participants, who are directly involved in the Hera mission and some of them also in other relevant missions (e.g., NASA OSIRIS-REx, JAXA Hayabusa2 and MMX), the NEO-MAPP consortium is ideally set to further advance NEO scientific research and payload technologies. NEO-MAPP will also dedicate considerable resources to developing important and innovative synergies between the two sub-topics. As such, NEO-MAPP will provide significant advances in our understanding of NEOs while at the same time build upon and sustainably increase expertise of European scientists and engineers in both planetary defence efforts and small-body exploration.Acknowledgement: This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No 870377 (project NEO-MAPP).
Virtual and Augmented Reality for increasing the awareness of current scientific research
Authors: Daricello Laura , Leonardi Laura , Maggio Antonio , Orlando Salvatore , Pillitteri Ignazio , Bocchino Fabrizio
Published: October 2020

Virtual reality (VR) devices allow the exploration of 3D data in a fully immersive fashion and make it possible to create a powerful engagement experience and a direct interaction with current scientific data to learn more about astronomy in Education and Public Outreach (E&PO) activities. In 2019 the INAF Osservatorio Astronomico di Palermo (INAF-OAPa) launched 3DMAP-VR (3-Dimensional Modeling of Astrophysical Phenomena in Virtual Reality; Orlando et al. 2019, RNAAS 3, ID.176), a project for visualizing 3D results of astrophysical (magneto)-hydrodynamic (MHD) simulations, through VR equipments. The models, uploaded on the Sketchfab portal (a platform widely used to publish and share 3D models and VR contents), received a very positive feedback from the scientific community and the general public.  Here we will show some of the scenes produced in the framework of 3DMAP-VR  to describe astrophysical phenomena. More specifically, we will focus our attention on MHD simulations describing the interaction of exoplanets (https://skfb.ly/6QYtC) with their host stars, and on artististic views of exoplanets which are based on information extracted from multi-wavelength observations, such as in the case of exoplanets 55 Cancri (https://skfb.ly/6R6Pt) and Wasp-76b (https://skfb.ly/6QZHF). Moreover, the 3DMAP-VR project team used augmented reality to produce informative videos to explore the characteristics of some of these models, published on media.inaf.it and edu.inaf.it. These E&PO products not only allowed the public to understand the astrophysical phenomena but they have stimulated great synergy between the outreach team and the astronomers, and between researchers and the public.
PRISMA and the finding of the Cavezzo meteorite: the success of a close collaboration among professional astronomers, amateurs and citizens
Authors: Gardiol Daniele ,   PRISMA Team
Published: October 2020

I will tell the story of the recent success of the italian fireball network PRISMA (Prima Rete Italiana per la Sorveglianza sistematica di Meteore e Atmosfera) in finding the first italian meteorite thanks to the computation of a precise strewn-field made possible by observations with eight all-sky camera of the network. And how this success is due to close cooperation among professional astronomers, amateur astronomers, astronomy enthusiasts and simple citizens. 
Exploring planetary space weather and inner heliosphere by BepiColombo/Mio: updates of cruise science
Authors: Murakami Go , Benkhoff Johannes
Published: October 2020

The Mio spacecraft for the BepiColombo mission was successfully launched on 20 October 2018. BepiColombo will arrive at Mercury in the end of 2025, and it has 7-years cruise with the heliocentric distance range of 0.3-1.2 AU. The long cruise phase also includes 9 planetary flybys: once at the Earth, twice at Venus, and 6 times at Mercury. The Mio spacecraft has a complete package of plasma instruments, a spectral imager for the exosphere, and a dust monitor. Even though the Mio spacecraft is surrounded by the Mio’s sunshield and observation capabilities of some instruments are constrained during the cruise phase, it still includes many important opportunities to investigate the inner heliosphere and planetary environments by Mio. Here we present the initial results of the first Earth flyby and cruise observations, and updated operations plans during the cruise phase.
The study of Terrestrial microorganisms in space conditions and search for extraterrestrial microorganisms on space bodies
Authors: Garipov Gali , Panasyuk Mikhail , Svertilov Sergey , Konyukhov Ivan , Pogosyan Sergey , Rubin Andrey , Andreev Dmitriy
Published: October 2020

The aim of the researches is detecting and exploration of microorganisms of Terrestrial and Cosmic origin.Microorganisms are supposed to be studied in the near-earth space on space objects of manmade origin and on the space bodies of Solar system in the extraterrestrial space, including   planets.For research, it is proposed to use the properties of microorganisms to emit a fluorescent glow when they irradiated with flashes of light causing their fluorescence.One of the research tasks is to search for terrestrial microorganisms that have occurred in space from Earth, as well as research of the survival of the terrestrial microorganisms in space conditions which shall be placed in special laboratories on board of the microsatellites on the Earth.The second task is to search for microorganisms on space bodies in interplanetary space by remote sensing of the surface of space bodies by flashes of light.To solve the first problem of this work is considered an example of a micro-laboratory for the study of terrestrial microorganisms located in space conditions in near-earth space on microsatellites. To solve the second problem, is considered an example of remote sensing equipment of space objects for searching for microorganisms on space bodies in interplanetary space which is installed on board of microsatellite created for far space exploration.Concerning to the first task it is shown that in automatic laboratories on microsatellites, it is possible to study the dynamics of microorganisms survival in space in conditions with a fixed habitat similar to earth's and in a changing environment that adequate the entry of microorganisms into open space and return them back to the earth conditions.Concerning to the second task it is shown that colonies of microorganisms on the surface of space bodies can be detected and studied from the orbits of their artificial satellites or from flight path trajectories near the space body at distances in order 200 km, and single microorganisms can be detected and studied at distances in order hundreds of meters
Design Thinking for Education, community development and a better Earth
Authors: Doran Priscila , Saraiva José
Published: October 2020

Communities worldwide are facing challenges related to global environmental problems that impact our planets' Hydrosphere, Atmosphere and Biosphere such as climate change, ocean pollution, loss of biodiversity, among others. Bringing awareness about such problems and their solutions can be a powerful way of promoting community development and reducing the environmental, social and economic impact of such problems at a local level.Islands Diversity for Science Education (IDiverSE) was an educative project (co-funded by the Erasmus+ program) that aimed at promoting collaboration between students (K-12) from different countries (with special focus on islands) in the creation of solutions to local and global problems. It involved students from Portugal, Spain and Greece.The project led the students through the four phases of the Design Thinking method where they Felt the problem and how their communities related toward it, Imagined solutions and possible ways of implementing them in their community, Created ways of implementing such solutions and increasing awareness in their community and Shared their creations and their solutions with the community. The key in the whole process was the involvement of the community and the focus on community awareness and development.IDiverSE students focused on the following problems: endangered pollinator species, namely bees; plastic pollution in the ocean and beaches; UV radiation and its implications for human physical and psychological health. Related to these, several outputs where created and shared with the communities. Students appeared on local TV channels, sharing their work and findings with the community; one class presented their work in the form of art pieces made with the plastics they collected from the beach and created an exhibit in a public gallery; one class from a primary school went to share solutions with the city hall related to the pollution around the school and noticed a major decrease in the pollution afterwards; several classes from one school joined efforts in creating a science trail around the school, to share different local problems and their solutions with their community, etc.In conclusion, it was evident that the project brought a relevant increase in the awareness of the students, which reported to have changed their perception and behaviour towards the problems in study. These students have worked hard to bring awareness about these problems to their community and to be part of the solution. Earth is our home and IDiverSE brought students a sense of responsibility to take care of their home.
Life at the Dallol geothermal area, Ethiopia- a Planetary Field Analog on Earth
Authors: Escudero Cristina , Martínez Jose M. , Rodríguez Nuria , Amils Ricardo , Gómez Felipe
Published: October 2020

IntroductionDallol volcano area, proposed as a Mars analog, is considered one of the most extreme environment on Earth. It is located in the Danakil depression, a tectonically and volcanically active region in Ethiopia. The hydrothermal springs that compose the system discharge hyperacidic hot Fe-rich brines, which results in halite deposition when they contact with the atmosphere. As a result, Dallol geothermal area shows extremely high temperature (90-108°C in the springs), pH from -1.7 to 4, and supersaturated salt deposits [1-3].Still, life finds a way. Despite these extreme features, microorganisms inhabiting Dallol geothermal region, as members of the class Nanohaloarchaea, have been described [3,4]. The analysis of the biodiversity that are surviving and thriving in such polyextreme system, as well as the study of their metabolic potential, could be fundamental to establish the habitability conditions to search for life on other planets.MethodsWe applied Shotgun metagenomics and Fluorescence in situ Hybridizations (FISH) methods to analyze the biodiversity and metabolic potential of Dallol geothermal area microbiome.ResultsOur results show the presence of both bacteria and archaea in the Dallol geothermal area, being Bacteria the most abundant domain in this environment. The detected microorganisms are mostly halophiles. However, there is a lower percentage of microorganisms described in extremely hot or acidic environments. FISH experiments corroborated that both bacteria and archaea are alive and active in the system.Metagenomics analysis shows a predominance of metabolisms based on photosynthesis, heterotrophy and fermentation. In addition, metabolisms that use hydrogen and reduced sulfur compounds as an energy source stand out.Additionally, genes related to the response to oxidative stress, heat shock, osmotic stress and detoxification have been detected, which could be involved in the adaptation of these microorganisms to the extreme conditions of the Dallol volcano area.References[1] Cavalazzi, B., et al. (2019). The Dallol geothermal area, Northern Afar (Ethiopia)—An exceptional planetary field analog on Earth. Astrobiology, 19(4), 553-578.[2] Kotopoulou, E., et al. (2018). A polyextreme hydrothermal system controlled by iron: the case of Dallol at the Afar Triangle. ACS Earth and Space Chemistry, 3(1), 90-99.[3] Carrizo, D., et al. (2019). Lipid Biomarker and Carbon Stable Isotope Survey on the Dallol Hydrothermal System in Ethiopia. Astrobiology, 19(12), 1474-1489.[4] Gómez, F., et al. (2019). Ultra-small microorganisms in the polyextreme conditions of the Dallol volcano, Northern Afar, Ethiopia. Scientific reports, 9(1), 1-9.
Comet Dust Tail Analysis using the Finson-Probstein Model
Authors: Afghan Qasim , H. Jones Geraint , Price Oliver
Published: October 2020

The fine-structure detail of several comet dust tails is analysed from amateur and professional comet images using the Finson-Probstein mdoel. Given the date and time of the image taken, the comet’s position in the sky is calculated using an open source algorithm [1] and the comet’s dust tail is simulated for that position and time. This modeled dust tail structure is then projected and overlaid onto the comet image to directly compare and identify similarities and discrepancies between the model and the image. Using the novel analysis method of mapping the image to a dust grain beta against ejection time plot [2], tail structures can be more easily identified and analysed. This also allows for the tracking of tail structure over time, as images of a single comet from different times and observatories can be mapped onto the same plot. This method compensates for the difficulties of investigating tail structures in images as the comet moves across the image and as viewing geometry changes over time.      This is a continuation of the work done previously on Comet C/2006 P1 (McNaught), which ultimately led to the observation of the formation processes of new fine-scale structure features in the comet’s dust tail [2]. This model is now applied to several other comets, including the recent Comet ATLAS (C/2019 Y4), to map their tail structures and to highlight this model’s utility in comet dust tail analysis.Finally, this work will be put into context as the first step in the development of an automated analysis method for cometary dust and ion tails. This automated method is in preparation for the upcoming opening of the Vera Rubin Observatory (LSST), and aims to automatically identify comet tail structures from the Observatory’s stream of comet images. The robustness of this analysis suite enables it to also be implemented on amateur comet images, making use of the abundant and valuable data from amateur astronomers.    [1] Lang, Dustin, David W. Hogg, Keir Mierle, Michael Blanton, and Sam Roweis. 2010. "ASTROMETRY.NET: BLIND ASTROMETRIC CALIBRATION OF ARBITRARY ASTRONOMICAL IMAGES". The Astronomical Journal 139 (5): 1782-1800. doi:10.1088/0004-6256/139/5/1782.[2] Price, Oliver, Geraint H. Jones, Jeff Morrill, Mathew Owens, Karl Battams, Huw Morgan, Miloslav Drückmuller, and Sebastian Deiries. 2019. "Fine-Scale Structure In Cometary Dust Tails I: Analysis Of Striae In Comet C/2006 P1 (Mcnaught) Through Temporal Mapping". Icarus 319: 540-557. doi:10.1016/j.icarus.2018.09.013.
WASP-117 b: An Eccentric hot-Saturn as a Future Complex Chemistry Laboratory
Authors: Anisman Lara , Edwards Billy , Changeat Quentin , Venot Olivia , Al-Refaie Ahmed , Tsiaras Angelos , Tinetti Giovanna
Published: October 2020

We present spectral analysis of the transiting Saturn-mass planet WASP-117 b, observed with the G141 grism of the Hubble Space Telescope’s Wide Field Camera 3 (WFC3).  We reduce and fit the extracted spectrum from the raw transmission data using the open-source software Iraclis before performing a fully Bayesian retrieval using the publicly available analysis suite TauREx 3.0. We detect water vapour alongside a layer of fully opaque cloud, with an ADI of 2.30, retrieving a terminator temperature of Tterm =833+260-156 K. Due to the eccentric orbit of WASP-117 b, it is likely that chemical and mixing timescales oscillate throughout orbit due to the changing temperature, possibly allowing hotter chemistry to remain visible as the planet begins transit, despite the proximity of its point of ingress to apastron. We present simulated spectra of the planet as would be observed by the future space missions Ariel and JWST and show that, despite not being able to probe such chemistry with current HST data, these observatories should make it possible in the not too distant future.
Rings in a Young Embedded Disk: Footholds of Planet Formation at Early Times
Authors: Segura-Cox Dominique
Published: October 2020

Ringed protoplanetary disks, in the Class II phase of low-mass star formation when the envelope has mostly dispersed, have been found in abundance in recent years with high-resolution ALMA observations. These ringed disks have been often interpreted as evidence of ongoing planet formation. In the younger Class 0 and I phases there are few examples of high resolution dust disk observations due to the challenge of the dense envelope surrounding the disk, and more often than not reveal spiral-like structures. However, these embedded stages may be when the first steps of planet formation occur, and studying ringed structures in these phases will constrain the initial conditions of planet formation. We have used ALMA 1.3 mm long-baseline dust continuum observations to study the Class I protostar IRS 63 with 7 au resolution and expose the detailed physical structure of a Class I disk. The ALMA data indicate that concentric dust rings are present in the disk, revealing IRS 63 is the youngest-known protostellar disk with multiple ringed dust substructures and demonstrating that these features are already present in the Class I phase. The dust ring structures could arise via several mechanisms including rapid pebble growth near snowlines, magnetorotational instabilities, asymmetric accretion from the envelope to disk, or planet-disk interactions carving gaps in the disk. Even if planets have not yet formed, dust rings in disks at such an early evolutionary stage could provide a stable environment for long enough time scales to grow planets.
Investigating the Influence of Mean-Opacity (𝜅) Values on Interior-Atmosphere Modelling
Authors: MacKenzie Jasmine , Baumeister Philipp , Godolt Mareike , Grenfell John Lee , Tosi Nicola
Published: October 2020

Ever since the discovery of sub-Neptunes, exoplanets with masses < 20 M⊕ and radii < 4 R⊕, they have presented a distinct challenge in the exoplanet modelling community. When plotted on a mass-radius diagram, their bulk densities lie in a range spanning from that of pure iron to less than water. Such bulk densities are not necessarily indicative of the interior structure within, and when characterized using interior models the results are often varied in their morphology and highly degenerate.  A semi-grey pressure-temperature profile approximation for an atmosphere is a popular choice in Interior-Atmosphere modelling as could allow us to estimate the radius contribution of an atmosphere as well as a full radiative transfer line-by-line model, but without the computational cost of a full 1-D radiative convective climate-chemistry model. Since the parameter space is large, thousands of interior-atmosphere model runs are required in order to quantify the potential degeneracies. Nevertheless, while the semi-grey approximation treats the problem in a more simplified manner than other more robust methods, which allows for faster analytical calculations, there are still underdetermined factors which make choosing the most appropriate value difficult without more data (e.g. atmospheric spectra and profiles).  In this talk I will explore the impact of the different ways one chooses the value of one factor, the mean-opacity (𝜅). As this is a function of the stellar and planetary radiation wavelengths, it has an effect on not only the atmospheric and planetary profiles, but also the range of characterization solutions and their degeneracies therein. To highlight these differences, I will be focussing on two real-world test cases: GJ 1214 b and K2-18 b, at two different atmospheric compositions (1x and 50x solar metallicity). By comparing the atmosphere profiles and the range of solutions from interior modelling, both within the parameter range and to values in literature, we will quantify the impact on planetary characterization and develop a more systematic method for future models.