bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Recuperando o guia incisal de um paciente com bruxismo - Relato de caso
Authors: Melo Neto Clóvis Lamartine de Moraes , Vieira Aline Martins , Costa Bispo Carina Gisele , Mondelli José , Sábio Sérgio , Sábio Silvia Sbeghen
Published: December 2018

O objetivo do presente relato de caso clínico foi descrever a reabilitação estética e funcional dos incisivos anteriores superiores de um paciente com bruxismo. Paciente do gênero masculino, 23 anos de idade, bruxoma, procurou tratamento para os dentes anteriores superiores devido aos diastemas dentários e também por causa dos comprimentos reduzidos dos incisivos centrais superiores. Para isso, foi realizada a gengivoplastia e osteotomia na região dos incisivos centrais superiores com o objetivo de melhorar as posições dos contornos gengivais e aumentar o comprimento desses dentes. Após 90 dias, o clareamento dentário foi realizado. Depois de 1 mês as facetas de resina composta foram confeccionadas nos incisivos centrais superiores. Durante o tratamento as necessidades e perspectivas do paciente foram levadas em consideração para alcançar o sucesso clínico. Após a conclusão dos procedimentos, o resultado fi nal foi satisfatório. Portanto, um plano de tratamento integrado se mostrou de extrema valia, principalmente quando o paciente é devidamente esclarecido das opções disponíveis de tratamento e colabora com o mesmo.
Internet addiction increases poor sleep quality among high school students
Authors: Koças Fazıl , Şaşmaz Tayyar
Published: December 2018

Objective: Good sleep quality is
important for human health. Internet addiction can disrupt sleep quality. The
purpose of this study was to investigate
the relationship between the use of online
communication tools, internet addiction and
poor sleep quality. Methods: This
cross-sectional study was conducted in Mersin in 2016. The universe of the
research consisted of 55043 high school students. Based on minimum sampling, it
was planned to include 1110 people in the study, but in actuality, 1061 people participated. Descriptive statistics,
chi-square, t test, Mann Whitney U, Binary Logistic Regression analysis and
Classification and Regression Tree analysis were employed during the data
processing. Results: A total of 1061
students, of which 531 (50.0%) were females,
participated in the research, with an average
age of 16.6±1.2 years. Out of all the
participants, 65.6% had personal computers, 87.0% had
personal mobile phones and 90.4% of these participants had access to the
Internet via their mobile phones. Among all, 58.6% were found to be suffering
from poor sleep quality. Studied factors like internet addiction (OR=2.31),
being female (OR=1.95) and having conflict
with parents due to excessive internet use (OR=1.95) were found to be the
contributing factors which diminished sleep quality. Furthermore,
it has been shown in the classification and
regression tree analyses that internet
addiction is the most significant determinant of poor sleep quality. Conclusion: The co-occurrence of
prevalent poor sleep quality and internet addiction among the participants of
the study may be a strong evidence of the link between internet addiction and
poor sleep quality.

Keywords:
Internet, addiction, sleep,
adolescence
Birth-sex cohort alcohol use transitions in the general population: the cross-sectional PEGASUS-Murcia project
Authors: Husky Mathilde M. , Bharat Chrianna , Vilagut Gemma , Salmerón Diego , Martínez Salvador , Navarro Carmen , Alonso Jordi , Kessler Ronald C. , Navarro-Mateu Fernando
Published: December 2018

To examine the potential impact of prevalence of alcohol use in a birth-sex cohort on subsequent initiation and progression of alcohol use in the PEGASUS-Murcia project, a cross-sectional survey of a representative sample of non-institutionalized adults in Murcia (Spain). Data on lifetime history of alcohol use, DSM-IV use disorders, and remission were collected from 1,459 adults using face-to-face interviewers based on the Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI 3.0). Life-table estimates based on survival functions for alcohol use age-of-onset and remission were used as time-varying predictors of subsequent individual-level alcohol use in discrete-time survival models. Nearly nine out of ten adults had a lifetime alcohol use history at time of interview. Of these lifetime users, 84.3% became regular users (>12 drinks a year) and 5.5-1.6% went on to meet criteria for DSM-IV alcohol abuse or dependence, respectively. By the age of 18, 70.9% of respondents had used alcohol, and one half (50.2%) had used regularly. Regular use sharply increased during early adulthood to reach 90.8% by age 22. Birth-sex cohort alcohol use was significantly and positively associated with increased odds of all subsequent transitions examined except for the transition from use to abuse. The findings highlight sensitive periods with rapid transitions to higher levels of alcohol use and emphasize the importance of cohort experiences in the full spectrum of stages of alcohol use. These results may contribute to predicting population-levels trends in alcohol-related problems in Spain.
CORPORATION AS THE ACTORS OF FISHERIES CRIME IN INDONESIA
Authors: Retno Ningsih Sri Dwi , Supanto S. , Latifah Emmy
Published: December 2018

In Indonesia, the Corporation is already recognized as one of the perpetrators of criminal acts in a variety of specific criminal acts and regulations, including in the Fisheries Act. Article 1 paragraph (14) Act No. 31 of the year 2004 jo Act No. 45 of the year 2009 about fisheries States that every person is a person, the individual or Corporation. This research is normative juridical research. The approach used is statute approach.The results showed that in the theory of criminal law, there is some form of the position of the Corporation as the perpetrator of a criminal offence may be subject to iability. The purpose of this study is to examine how the legal position of the Corporation as the perpetrator of the criminal offence of fishing in Indonesia. This research is the normative legal research. The data used are secondary data, while data collection is done through the study of the literature. Data analysis techniques using the deductive approach of law and interpretation.Keywords: corporations, criminal act fisheries
Risk of Transverse Myelitis Following Dengue Infection: A Systematic Review of the Literature
Authors: Badat Nafisa , Abdulhussein Dalia , Oligbu Peter , Ojubolamo Olakunle , Oligbu Godwin
Published: December 2018

Dengue virus (DENV) is the most common arbovirus disease, with wide spectrum of presentation. Spinal cord involvement in dengue infection (DF) is rare. However, the risk of transverse myelitis (TM) following Dengue has not been systematically assessed. Methods: We undertook a systematic review of the English literature published from January 1974 to December 2017 to assess risk of TM and outcomes following DF. Data sources included MEDLINE, EMBASE Cochrane library, and references within identified articles. Results: We identified 242 potential studies, 62 were duplicates. A further 136 were excluded on the basis of title and abstract and 19 studies did not meet the eligibility criteria on full text screening. We included 25 publications involving 2672 cases of DF. 10.8% (289/2672) had neurological complications, of which 2.3% (61/2672) was TM. For articles reporting epidemiological data, the neurological complication was twice in males compared to female 67.7% (130/192) vs 32.7% (62/192) and 1.5 fold increase TM for males 59.3% (32/54) vs 40.7% (22/54). The mean age at presentation was 33.1years (Range 0.75 – 61), with onset at 11.7days. The method of diagnosing TM due to DF was mainly IgM seropositivity 92% (n=23/25) and the commonest treatment modality was steroid 78.3% (n=18/23). Only half had full recovery 50.8% (n=31/61). There was no mortality following dengue, however, the crude case fatality rate following TM was 3.3% (n=2/61). Conclusion:  This review highlights the risk of TM following dengue. Although neurological complications are rare, especially TM, once set in, it is associated with a significant morbidity.
Strengthen Financial Holding Companies’ Business Sustainability by Using a Hybrid Corporate Governance Evaluation Model
Authors: Huang Jim-Yuh , Shen Kao-Yi , Shieh Joseph C.P. , Tzeng Gwo-Hshiung
Published: December 2018

While the importance of corporate governance has been broadly acknowledged in global financial markets and academic research, how to devise a practical evaluation system is relatively unexplored. This paper attempts to refine the Corporate Governance Evaluation System (CGES), constructed by the Taiwan Stock Exchange (TWSE) since 2014. The current CGES has several debatable issues in its complicated design (e.g., it comprises over 80 indicators in different types). To resolve those issues, this study invited ten senior domain experts (including several CEOs of financial holding companies) to retrieve 13 essential criteria from the CGES in four dimensions. And this study integrates several multiple criteria decision-making (MCDM) methods (i.e., Decision-making trial and evaluation laboratory (DEMATEL), modified VIKOR, DEMATEL-based analytical network process (DANP)) and the fuzzy evaluation technique to rank the exemplary companies. The obtained ranking is consistent with the one released from the CGES in 2017. This study conducted additional experiments to ensure the robustness of the findings. The newly devised model not only supports the ranking decisions but also provides a managerial guidance for companies to pursue systematic improvements. These findings enrich the understanding of corporate governance and contribute to gaining business sustainability for financial holding companies.
Modelling the Rising Tails of Galaxy Rotation Curves
Authors: Zhang Fan
Published: December 2018

It is well known but under-appreciated in astrophysical applications, that it is possible for gravity to take on a life of its own in the form of Weyl-curvature-only metrics (note we are referring to the Weyl-only solutions of ordinary General Relativity, we are not considering Weyl conformal gravity or any other modified gravity theories), as numerous examples demonstrate the existence of gravitational fields not being sourced by any matter. In the weak field limit, such autonomous gravitational contents of our universe manifest as solutions to the homogeneous Poisson's equation. In this note, we tentatively explore the possibility that they may perhaps account for some phenomenologies commonly attributed to dark matter. Specifically, we show that a very simple solution of this kind exists that can be utilized to describe the rising tails seen in many galaxy rotation curves, which had been difficult to reconcile within the cold dark matter or modified Newtonian dynamics frameworks. This solution may also help explain the universal $\sim 1$Gyr rotation periods of galaxies in the local universe.
CO2 Utilization in the Ironmaking and Steelmaking Process
Authors: Dong Kai , Wang Xueliang
Published: December 2018

A overview on application of CO2 in the ironmaking and steelmaking process is presented. Study on resource utilization of CO2 is significant for the reduction of CO2 emissions and the coping with global warming. The paper introduces the research progress of CO2 utilization in the sintering, Blast Furnace, Converter, secondary refining, Continuous Casting and smelting process of stainless steel in recent years in China. According to the foreign and domestic research and application status, the paper analyzes the feasibility and metallurgical effects of the CO2 utilization in the ferrous metallurgy process. The paper mainly introduces such new techniques as 1) flue gas circulating sintering, 2) blowing CO2 through Blast Furnace tuyere and CO2 as a pulverized coal carrier gas, 3) top and bottom blowing CO2 in the converter, 4) Ladle Furnace and Electric Arc Furnace bottom blowing CO2, 5) CO2 as Continuous Casting shielding gas, 6) CO2 for stainless steel smelting, and 7) CO2 circulation combustion. CO2 has a very wide application prospect in ferrous metallurgy process and the quantity of CO2 utilization is expected to be 100kg per ton of steel. It will effectively facilitate the progress of metallurgical technology and strongly promote the energy conservation of metallurgical industry.
Penerapan Sparse Principal Component Analysis dalam Menghasilkan Matriks Loading yang Sparse
Authors: Tinungki Georgina M. , Sunusi Nurtiti
Published: December 2018

Abstract Sparse Principal Component Analysis (Sparse PCA) is one of the development of  PCA. Sparse PCA modifies new variables as a linier combination of  p old variables (original variable) which  is yielded by PCA method. Modifying new variables is conducted by producing a loading yang sparse matrix, such that old variable which is not effective (value of loading is zero) able be exit from PCA.  In this study, Sparse PCA method was applied on data of Indonesia Poverty population in 2015, that contains 13 variables and 34 observation with variable reduction such that yields 4 (four) new variables, which can explain 80.1% of total variance data. This study show, the loading matrix that has been yielded by using Sparse PCA method to become sparse with there exist 11 elements (loading value) zero entry of matrix, such that the model that has been produced to be simpler and easy to be interpreted. Keywords:  Principal Component Analysis, Sparse Principal Component Analysis, reduksi dimensi, matriks loading yang sparse Abstrak Sparse Principal Component Analysis (Sparse PCA) merupakan salah satu pengembangan dari metode PCA. Sparse PCA memodifikasi variabel-variabel baru yang merupakan kombinasi linear dari  variabel lama (variabel asli) yang dihasilkan oleh metode PCA. Pemodifikasian variabel baru ini dilakukan dengan dengan menghasilkan matriks loading yang sparse sehingga variabel lama yang tidak efektif (memiliki nilai loading sama dengan nol) dapat dikeluarkan dari model PCA. Pada penelitian ini, metode Sparse PCA diterapkan pada data Indikator Kemiskinan Penduduk Indonesia Tahun 2015 yang memuat 13 variabel dan 34 observasi dengan reduksi variabel menghasilkan 4 (empat) variabel baru yang telah mampu menjelaskan 80,1% dari total variansi data. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan, matriks loading yang dihasilkan menggunakan metode Sparse PCA menjadi sparse dengan terdapat 11 elemen (nilai loading) matriks bernilai nol sehingga model yang dihasilkan menjadi lebih sederhana dan mudah untuk diinterpretasikan. Kata Kunci: Principal Component Analysis, Sparse Principal Component Analysis, reduksi dimensi, matriks loading yang sparse
Utilizing the Nonlinearity of Tendon Elasticity for Compensation of Unknown Gravity of Payload
Authors: Shao Chao , Togashi Junki , Mitobe Kazuhisa , Capi Genci ,   Department of Mechanical Systems Engineering, Yamagata University 4-3-16 Yonezawa, Yamagata 992-8510, Japan,   Kumagaigumi Co., Ltd. 1043 Onigakubo, Tsukuba 300-2651, Japan,   Department of Mechanical Engineering, Hosei University 3-7-2 Kajinocho, Koganei, Tokyo 184-8584, Japan
Published: December 2018

This paper discusses the positioning control of an elastic tendon-driven robot arm under gravity. The robot is driven by rubber string tendons and winding drums attached on the outside frames. Low-cost rubber strings that are available commercially are used as tendons. The goal is to utilize the nonlinear nature of the rubber materials to control a low-cost and soft robot arm. Theoretically, a mathematical model with accurate parameters and accurate measurement of the payload weight is necessary for rigorous gravity compensation. However, the necessity for the information of the robot parameters is hindering easy adaptability, versatility, and cost-efficiency. This paper presents an iterative estimation and compensation method for unknown payloads based on the steady-state position error and the nominal stiffness coefficient. Owing to the nonlinearity of the actual rubber strings, the position error remains after a single operation of the gravity compensation. However, experiments indicate that the error reduces by a simple iteration of the same compensation operation. Considering the nonlinearity in rubber strings, the mechanism of the error reduction is analyzed theoretically. Although the iterative process is time consuming, the method requires less prior information. In addition, it is cost effective because a sophisticated force sensor is not required. As the mechanism of error reduction applies to typical rubber string materials, it is useful for significant cost-reduction and reconfigurable robotics.
Individualization of Musculoskeletal Model for Analyzing Pelvic Floor Muscles Activity Based on Gait Motion Features
Authors: Wakaiki Tomohiro , Tanaka Takayuki , Shimatani Koji , Kurita Yuichi , Iida Tadayuki ,   Hokkaido University Kita 14, Nishi 9, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-00814, Japan,   Prefectural University of Hiroshima 1-1 Gakuen-machi, Mihara City, Hiroshima 723-0053, Japan,   Hiroshima University 1-4-1 Kagamiyama, Higashihiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8527, Japan
Published: December 2018

Stress urinary incontinence (SUI) is a typical quality of life disease in women. The strengthening of the pelvic floor muscle (PFM) is considered effective to prevent this. Specifically, PFM activity is affected by individual pelvic shape and posture. Therefore, it is necessary to analyze muscle activity by considering the individual differences. In this study, individual pelvic alignment was estimated from the feature values of natural gait via multiple regression analysis. In addition, individual pelvic feature points were derived from X-ray images and used to deform the standard model to obtain individual pelvic shapes. Results indicate that the residual averages of the estimated feature angles were less than 2° in most cases. Subsequently, measurements of the pelvis were obtained via MRI to evaluate the estimated pelvis shape. The results indicate that individual adaptation leads to muscle attachment positions, which are important in the muscle activity analysis, and closer to the true MRI value when compared to that of the standard pelvic model.
Dynamic Friction Characterization of a Linear Servo Motor Using an Optimal Sinusoidal Reference Tracking Controller
Authors: Waleed Danial ,   American University of Sharjah P.O. Box 26666 Sharjah, United Arab Emirates, Usman Hafiz M. , Dhaouadi Rached
Published: December 2018

This letter presents the design of an optimal sinusoidal tracking and disturbance rejection controller for a linear voice-coil motor. The optimal tracking and disturbance rejection system is used to characterize the nonlinear dynamic friction of the servo motor. The control scheme allows investigating the hysteresis characteristics of friction as a function of frequency. Experimental results indicate the effectiveness of the proposed identification procedure for the dynamic friction estimation.
On optimal system, exact solutions and conservation laws of the modified equal-width equation
Authors: Khalique Chaudry Masood , Adeyemo Oke Davies , Simbanefayi Innocent
Published: December 2018

In this paper we study the modified equal-width equation, which is used in handling simulation of a single dimensional wave propagation in nonlinear media with dispersion processes. Lie point symmetries of this equation are computed and used to construct an optimal system of one-dimensional subalgebras. Thereafter using an optimal system of one-dimensional subalgebras, symmetry reductions and new group-invariant solutions are presented. The solutions obtained are cnoidal and snoidal waves. Furthermore, conservation laws for the modified equal-width equation are derived by employing two different methods, the multiplier method and Noether approach.
Hamilton-connectivity of Interconnection Networks Modeled by a Product of Graphs
Authors: Liu Donglin , Wang Chunxiang , Wang Shaohui
Published: December 2018

The product graph Gm *Gp
of two given graphs Gm
and Gp
, defined by J.C. Bermond et al.[J Combin Theory, Series B 36(1984) 32-48] in the context of the so-called (Δ,D)-problem, is one interesting model in the design of large reliable networks. This work deals with sufficient conditions that guarantee these product graphs to be hamiltonian-connected. Moreover, we state product graphs for which provide panconnectivity of interconnection networks modeled by a product of graphs with faulty elements.
Some Invariants of Flower Graph
Authors: Virk Abaid ur Rehman , Quraish Muhammad
Published: December 2018

Let G be a graph and let mij
(G), i, j ≥ 1, represents the number of edge of G, where i and j are the degrees of vertices u and v respectively. In this article, we will compute different polynomials of flower graph f(
n×m
), namely M polynomial and Forgotten polynomial. These polynomials will help us to find many degree based topological indices, included different Zagreb indices, harmonic indices and forgotten index.
The Ethics of TESOL a quarter century on
Authors: Williams Alan
Published: December 2018

Discussion of ethical considerations in Australian TESOL began 25 years ago, with arguments about the need for TESOL professionals to be aware of the potentially harmful consequences of their work, the loss of first language proficiency, and even the loss of languages themselves (Williams, 1992, 1995). The intervening quarter of a century has seen sweeping changes to the context in which TESOL professionals work and developments in our professional knowledge about the processes and consequences of TESOL professional practice (Canagarajah, 1999; Phillipson, 1992, 2013). In this paper developments in the sociocultural context of TESOL, the general education context and the TESOL professional context are explored. This article revises the arguments about ethical directions in TESOL presented a quarter century ago to take account of these changes. Guiding principles for individuals and professional bodies are identified. It is argued that our role is to sensitively help our learners to explore the potential consequences of the learning of English, and for professional bodies to take an active role in advocacy given the impact of globalization processes, more centralized curriculum and assessment frameworks, and the relatively reduced capacity of individual teachers to influence the institutions that employ them.
TEACHING ENGLISH TO SECOND LANGUAGE LEARNERS IN ACADEMIC CONTEXTS- READING, WRITING, LISTENING AND SPEAKING
Authors: Fairjones Carolyn
Published: December 2018

TEACHING ENGLISH TO SECOND LANGUAGE LEARNERS IN ACADEMIC CONTEXTS- READING, WRITING, LISTENING AND SPEAKINGJonathan M. Newton, Dana R. Ferris, Christine C.M. Goh, William Grabe, Fredricka L. Stoller, and Larry Vandergrift New York: Routledge, 2018
CARer-ADministration of as-needed subcutaneous medication for breakthrough symptoms in homebased dying patients (CARiAD): study protocol for a UK-based open randomised pilot trial
Authors: Poolman Marlise , Roberts Jessica , Byrne Anthony , Perkins Paul , Hoare Zoe , Nelson Annmarie , Hiscock Julia , Hughes Dyfrig , Foster Betty , O'Connor Julie , Reymond Liz , Healy Sue , Roberts Rossela , Wee Bee , Lewis Penney , Johnstone Rosalynde , Roberts Sian , Holmes Emily , Wright Stella , Hendry Annie , Wilkinson Clare
Published: December 2018

Background: Whilst the majority of seriously ill people wish to die at home, only half achieve this. The likelihood of someone dying at home often depends on the availability of able and willing lay carers to support them. Dying people are usually unable to take oral medication. When top-up symptom relief medication is required, a clinician travels to the home to administer injectable medication, with attendant delays. The administration of subcutaneous injections by lay carers, though not widespread practice in the UK, has proven key in achieving home deaths in other countries. Our aim is to determine if carer-administration of as-needed subcutaneous medication for four frequent breakthrough symptoms (pain, nausea, restlessness and noisy breathing) in home-based dying patients is feasible and acceptable in the UK.
Methods: The paper describes a randomised pilot trial across three UK sites, with an embedded qualitative study. Dyads of adult patients/carers are eligible, where patients are in the last weeks of life, wish to die at home, and lay carers who are willing to be trained to give subcutaneous medication. Dyads who do not meet strict risk assessment criteria (including known history of substance abuse or carer ability to be trained to competency) will not be approached. Carers in the intervention arm will receive a manualised training package delivered by their local nursing team. Dyads in the control arm will receive usual care. The main outcomes of interest are feasibility, acceptability, recruitment rates, attrition and selection of the most appropriate outcome measures. Interviews with carers and healthcare professionals will explore attitudes to, experiences of and preferences for giving subcutaneous medication and experience of trial processes. The study has obtained full ethical approval.
Discussion: This study will rehearse the procedures and logistics which will be undertaken in a future definitive randomised controlled trial, and will inform the design of such a study. Findings will illuminate methodological and ethical issues pertaining to researching last days of life care.
The study is funded by the National Institute for Health Research (Health Technology Assessment [HTA] project 15/10/37).
Trial registration: ISRCTN, ISRCTN 11211024. Assigned 27 September 2016, http://www.isrctn.com/ISRCTN11211024.
Keywords: End-of-life care, Care of the dying, Palliative care, Symptom control, Carer administration, Randomised pilot trial
Winter Cereal Cover Crops for Spring Forage in Temperate Climates
Authors: Landry E. , Janovicek K. , Lee E. A. , Deen W.
Published: December 2018

Core Ideas

Barley is not a suitable cover or forage crop for southern Ontario due to winter‐kill.

Flag leaf, boot, and heading of cereal rye are about 1 wk earlier than for wheat or triticale.

Forage quality of winter cereals was high from flag leaf to boot stages.

Nitrogen fertilization (50–67 kg N ha−1) optimized forage yield without affecting quality.

In this study four winter cereals commonly used as cover crops were evaluated for forage yield potential and nutritional quality when harvested in early spring. Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), triticale (X Triticosecale Wittm.), cereal rye (Secale cereale L.), and barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) were evaluated via experimental plots and on‐farm trials in southern Ontario, Canada, between 2013 and 2015. Barley was the only species that failed to overwinter. The average forage yield of all other winter cereal species was 2.9 Mg ha−1 dry matter (DM) at boot stage with total digestible nutrient (TDN) values above 700 g kg−1 at flag leaf and boot stages of development. At the flag leaf and boot stages of development the fiber content of cereal rye was higher and nonfiber carbohydrates lower than wheat or triticale. However, crude protein (CP) and TDN were indistinguishable among species. Across species and experimental plot site‐years, a spring N application of 50 kg N ha−1 increased forage yield by 0.9 Mg ha−1 DM and CP by 26 g kg−1, but all other quality parameters were unaffected. Additional N fertilization, on‐farm, increased DM yield, but economically optimum N rates remained low, at 42, 50, and 65 kg N ha−1 for cereal rye, triticale, and wheat, respectively. While wheat and triticale may be used as spring forage, the approximately 7d earlier flag leaf or boot stage of cereal rye makes it a better fit for rotations with corn (Zea mays L.) and soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr].
Can a Mixture of Perennial Grasses with Contrasting Growth Strategies Compose Productive and Stable Swards?
Authors: Duchini Paulo Gonçalves , Guzatti Gabriela Cristina , Echeverria Joilson Roda , Américo Luana Fidelis , Sbrissia André Fischer
Published: December 2018

Core Ideas

Mixing grass forage species can increase forage yield and stability.

Overyielding was more influenced by increasing leaf biomass rather than stem biomass.

Dominant grasses with contrasting growth strategies can compose productive and stable pastures.

Mixtures composed of species with different growth strategies (e.g., exploitative and conservative), which have different abilities for resource capture and use, are thought to improve grassland ecosystem services. However, plant species that compete better for limiting resources can become dominant. This study examined whether potential dominant perennial grasses with different growth strategies can compose productive and stable forage mixtures under low competition for resources (nutrients and light). Arrhenatherum elatius L. (exploitative), Festuca arundinacea Schreb. (conservative), and Dactylis glomerata L. (moderately exploitative) were sowed as monocultures and as a three‐species mixture. Pastures were fertilized to maintain high soil fertility levels and mowed by half when their canopies reached 20 cm in height (95% of light interception in the vegetative stage) allowing for over 2 yr of data collection. The proportion of each species in the mixture remained unaltered throughout the experimental period. Transgressive overyielding was not observed; however, the mixture presented a similar yield to the most productive monocultures (10,200 kg DM ha−1 yr−1), although D. glomerata, which presented the lowest yield in monoculture (6400 kg DM ha−1 yr−1), comprised 68.1% of post‐cutting biomass in the mixture. Arrhenatherum elatius and F. arundinacea populations presented less yield variance in monoculture, but higher yield stability was observed in the mixture. Overyielding in the three studied species was strongly affected by leaf production. Mixtures composed of perennial grasses with different growth strategies when grown in nutrient‐rich soil and under conditions of low light competition can compose productive and stable swards, while maximizing leaf production.
Effects of Seed‐Placed Hog Manure‐Recovered Struvite on Canola Seedling Emergence
Authors: Katanda Yeukai , Zvomuya Francis , Flaten Don , Cicek Nazim , Amarakoon Inoka
Published: December 2018

Core Ideas

Struvite and coated monoammonium phosphate did not cause significant seedling toxicity regardless of rate.

Monoammonium phosphate reduced canola seedling emergence in the clay loam at high P rate (15 mg kg−1).

Final emergence count decreased in the order: struvite (88%) > CMAP (86%) > MAP (69%).

Struvite can be applied at higher rates than monoammonium phosphate with minimal risk of seedling damage.

Seedling toxicity is a major limitation to P fertilizer rates that can be seed‐placed with sensitive crops such as canola (Brassica napus L.). In this growth room bioassay, we tested whether struvite recovered from liquid hog (Sus domesticus L.) manure could improve seedling emergence in canola relative to monoammonium phosphate (MAP) and polymer‐coated monoammonium phosphate (CMAP). Twenty canola seeds per pot were planted in two low‐P soils (a Gleyed Regosolic sand [Entisol] and an Orthic Black Chernozemic clay loam [Udic Boroll]). The P sources were applied in the seedrow at rates of 7.5 or 15 mg P kg−1 soil (∼25 or 50 kg P2O5 ha−1), either at 5.4 or 10.9% seedbed utilization (SBU). Final emergence (percent of seeds planted), emergence rate, and lag were predicted using the Gompertz function. The higher rate of MAP reduced overall seedling emergence by 47% in the clay loam and 34% in the sand while the slow‐release P sources, struvite and CMAP, showed no significant evidence of seedling toxicity in either soil. Emergence was 0.6 d faster with struvite than with MAP, regardless of soil or P rate. Averaged across soils, SBUs, and P rates, final emergence decreased in the order: struvite (87%) > CMAP (86%) > MAP (69%), indicating the superiority of struvite and CMAP with respect to seedling toxicity. These results indicate that struvite can be seed‐placed at higher rates than those recommended for MAP on canola, with a much lower risk of seedling damage, thereby minimizing yield losses and replanting costs.
Allelic Impacts of TaPHS1, TaMKK3, and Vp1B3 on Preharvest Sprouting of Northern Great Plains Winter Wheats
Authors: Vetch Justin M. , Stougaard Robert N. , Martin John M. , Giroux Mike
Published: December 2018

Preharvest sprouting (PHS) of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is a common problem that can lead to negative economic impacts arising from yield loss and undesirable end‐use quality. Twenty‐one winter wheats adapted to northwestern Montana were grown over two field seasons and used to assess three loci observed in previous studies to have moderate to large impacts on PHS. The main goal was to validate the usefulness of TaPHS1‐3A (a Mother of Flowering Time‐like gene), TaMKK3‐4A (a mitogen‐activated protein kinase kinase 3), and Vp1‐1B (Viviparous 1) in breeding for modified dormancy before harvest, as well as to determine their potential relationships to agronomic and seed traits, specifically, falling number and α‐amylase concentrations. Variation in PHS susceptibility across entries ranged from 0% sprout (fully dormant) to 95% sprout (fully nondormant) after 7 d of wetting. Most entries showed an intermediate level of sprouting susceptibility ranging between 10 and 50% sprouted. Alleles previously reported to impact dormancy were found for all three genes but TaPHS1 was the only locus found to be significantly associated with PHS. It is unclear whether variation caused by TaPHS1 may be masking the effects of the other loci, but it is evident that TaPHS1 could be used in a breeding program to modify the level of seed dormancy in winter wheat before harvest.
Developing KASP Markers on a Major Stripe Rust Resistance QTL in a Popular Wheat TAM 111 Using 90K Array and Genotyping‐by‐Sequencing SNPs
Authors: Yang Yan , Basnet Bhoja R. , Ibrahim Amir M.H. , Rudd Jackie C. , Chen Xianming , Bowden Robert L. , Xue Qingwu , Wang Shichen , Johnson Charles D. , Metz Richard , Mason Richard Esten , Hays Dirk B. , Liu Shuyu
Published: December 2018

Stripe rust, caused by Puccinia striiformis Westend. f. sp. tritici Erikss. (Pst), is an important disease of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in the United States and many other areas of the world. To identify the genetic basis of resistance in the winter wheat cultivar ‘TAM 111’, a mapping population of 124 F6 recombinant inbred lines (RILs) developed from the cross TAM 112/TAM 111 was evaluated against Pst populations over eight field environments in the United States and against race PST‐100 in the greenhouse. A high‐density genetic map was constructed using the wheat 90K iSelect array and genotyping‐by‐sequencing (GBS) markers. A set of 6343 markers covering 11.8 Gb of all 21 chromosomes, including 16 simple sequence repeat (SSR) and sequence‐tagged site (STS), 3335 GBS, and 2992 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers from the 90K array were used for quantitative trait locus (QTL) analyses. Eight QTL on chromosomes 1A, 2A, 2B, 4A, 4B, 6B, and 7D were identified, and two of them were novel. Six tightly linked SNP markers were converted to Kompetitive allele specific polymerase chain reaction (KASP) markers for high‐throughput screening of the largest and most consistent QTL at 154.3 Mb of chromosome 2B. This QTL, QYr.tamu‐2B, was involved with significant epistatic interactions on both disease severity and infection type, and epistasis × environment interactions with QYr.tamu‐2A1 on disease severity only. These QTL can be combined with effective major genes to enhance the stripe rust resistance, and corresponding diagnostic markers can be applied through marker‐assisted breeding.
SNO KARST: A French Network of Observatories for the Multidisciplinary Study of Critical Zone Processes in Karst Watersheds and Aquifers
Authors: Jourde H. , Massei N. , Mazzilli N. , Binet S. , Batiot-Guilhe C. , Labat D. , Steinmann M. , Bailly-Comte V. , Seidel J.L. , Arfib B. , Charlier J.B. , Guinot V. , Jardani A. , Fournier M. , Aliouache M. , Babic M. , Bertrand C. , Brunet P. , Boyer J.F. , Bricquet J.P. , Camboulive T. , Carrière S.D. , Celle-Jeanton H. , Chalikakis K. , Chen N. , Cholet C. , Clauzon V. , Soglio L. Dal , Danquigny C. , Défargue C. , Denimal S. , Emblanch C. , Hernandez F. , Gillon M. , Gutierrez A. , Sanchez L. Hidalgo , Hery M. , Houillon N. , Johannet A. , Jouves J. , Jozja N. , Ladouche B. , Leonardi V. , Lorette G. , Loup C. , Marchand P. , de Montety V. , Muller R. , Ollivier C. , Sivelle V. , Lastennet R. , Lecoq N. , Maréchal J. C. , Perotin L. , Perrin J. , Petre M.A. , Peyraube N. , Pistre S. , Plagnes V. , Probst A. , Probst J.L. , Simler R. , Stefani V. , Valdes-Lao D. , Viseur S. , Wang X.
Published: December 2018

Core Ideas

SNO KARST is dedicated to the study of karst functioning.

Hydrodynamics and geochemistry are measured at springs and in karst compartments.

Process sampling was set up at nine sites in various climatic contexts.

Continuous monitoring concerns timescales from 10 to >50 yr.

New tools and findings are due to the complementarity of gathered data.

Karst aquifers and watersheds represent a major source of drinking water around the world. They are also known as complex and often highly vulnerable hydrosystems due to strong surface–groundwater interactions. Improving the understanding of karst functioning is thus a major issue for the efficient management of karst groundwater resources. A comprehensive understanding of the various processes can be achieved only by studying karst systems across a wide range of spatiotemporal scales under different geological, geomorphological, climatic, and soil cover settings. The objective of the French Karst National Observatory Service (SNO KARST) is to supply the international scientific community with appropriate data and tools, with the ambition of (i) facilitating the collection of long‐term observations of hydrogeochemical variables in karst, and (ii) promoting knowledge sharing and developing cross‐disciplinary research on karst. This paper provides an overview of the monitoring sites and collective achievements, such as the KarstMod modular modeling platform and the PaPRIKa toolbox, of SNO KARST. It also presents the research questions addressed within the framework of this network, along with major research results regarding (i) the hydrological response of karst to climate and anthropogenic changes, (ii) the influence of karst on geochemical balance of watersheds in the critical zone, and (iii) the relationships between the structure and hydrological functioning of karst aquifers and watersheds.
Water Stress in Maize Production in the Drylands of the Loess Plateau
Authors: Zhu Wei , Li Huijie , Qu Hongchao , Wang Yilin , Misselbrook Tom , Li Xiao , Jiang Rui
Published: December 2018

Core Ideas

HYDRUS‐1D was successfully used to simulate the change in soil water in a 0–200‐cm soil profile.

We quantified the process of soil water balance in detail during the maize growing season.

This study indicated the plow pan's effect on soil water storage.

Water stress during two maize (Zea mays L.) growing seasons (2013 and 2014) was investigated in a semiarid region of northwest China. The HYDRUS‐1D model gave good simulation of the soil water content in different layers throughout a 0‐ to 200‐cm depth during the maize growing season, with R2 values of 70.6 and 77.0% for the calibration and validation periods, respectively. Water stress for maize production was observed in June of 2013 and in July of 2014. The soil water storage (SWS) decreased significantly during the early stage of the maize growing season, especially in 2014. The root depth and crop height were 20 cm deeper and 100 cm higher, respectively, in 2014 than in 2013 at the early stage. These results suggest that in the early stage of the maize growing season, pre‐seeding SWS can alleviate crop water stress effectively via deep roots. Model simulation showed that the plow pan layer (at a depth of 20–40 cm), with high soil bulk density and a lower soil water retention curve, significantly reduced infiltration. High evapotranspiration and low precipitation result in a temporary dry layer during the early stage, highlighting the plow pan as the sensitive layer for water stress during the drought period. Effective management practices such as deep plowing, plastic film mulching, or water conservation treatments in the fallow period are needed to avoid the formation of this temporary dry layer during the drought period at the early stage and thus improve maize production in rainfed agriculture on the Loess Plateau of China.
A Century of Denial: Preferential and Nonequilibrium Water Flow in Soils, 1864‐1984
Authors: Beven Keith
Published: December 2018

Core Ideas

In the 20th century there was a general denial of the evidence for preferential flow.

The development of models of preferential flow is reviewed.

Some critical areas for future research in this field are identified.

This review provides a historical summary of the development of knowledge on preferential and non‐equilibrium flows in soils, particularly in the period 1864 to 1984. It is pointed out that preferential flows were recognized long before the equilibrium concepts of Edgar Buckingham and Lorenzo A. Richards were developed and became the dominant underpinnings of soil physics in the 20th century, effectively in denial of all the evidence that the Buckingham–Richards theory was inadequate to deal with water flows in field soils. Summaries of evidence from soil microscopy, tracing and breakthrough curve experiments, infiltration and throughflow observations, and studies of natural pipes are presented. Approaches to modeling preferential flows at soil profile and hillslope responses are also reviewed, including viscous flow theory and particle tracking methods. Further research is required into the integration of viscosity and capillarity‐dominated flows, into nonlaminar flows in larger pores, and into upscaling from core and profile experiments to larger hillslope scales. Also, more rigorous hypothesis testing is required in soil physics and hillslope hydrology using both flow and tracer data. This might lead to a new paradigm in representing the detail complexity of flow in soils in applications at larger scales.
Toward Better Understanding of Terrestrial Processes through Long‐Term Hydrological Observatories
Authors: Bogena H.R. , White T. , Bour O. , Li X. , Jensen K.H.
Published: December 2018

Core Ideas

Awareness of hydrological observatories needs to be increased.

These 23 papers document hydrological observatories on four continents.

Hydrological observatories can help to solve relevant and important scientific questions.

Observation of hydrological processes has a long‐standing tradition covering various climatic, hydrologic, geologic, and geomorphologic conditions. Hydrological observations are either organized in dedicated observatories focused on hydrology or within larger environmental observatories that address processes from the atmosphere to the groundwater. In this special section, we document hydrological observations currently conducted in long‐term hydrological observatories and other multidisciplinary observatories across the world. Besides monitoring basic climatic and hydrological variables, dedicated experiments are performed in many of these observatories. Hydrological observatories have proven to be crucial for the advance of the hydrological and greater Earth surface and environmental sciences. The accrued benefits include the development of integrated hydrological models that consider complex feedbacks between hydrological compartments. It is of utmost importance to increase awareness and knowledge of these infrastructures to optimize exploration of new hypotheses in hydrology and neighboring and allied disciplines. This special section consists of 23 papers documenting hydrological observatories on four continents covering diverse environmental conditions and research aspects of catchment science. We expect that the use of worldwide long‐term hydrological observatories across multiple compartments will help to solve important relevant scientific and societal questions.
Reconstructing the gluon
Authors: Cyrol Anton K. , Pawlowski Jan M. , Rothkopf Alexander , Wink Nicolas
Published: December 2018

We reconstruct the gluon spectral function in Landau gauge QCD from
numerical data for the gluon propagator. The reconstruction relies on
two novel ingredients: Firstly we derive analytically the low frequency
asymptotics of the spectral function. Secondly we construct a functional
basis from a careful consideration of the analytic properties of the
gluon propagator in Landau gauge. This allows us to reliably capture the
non-perturbative regime of the gluon spectrum. We also compare different
reconstruction methods and discuss the respective systematic errors.
POST-PROSPECTING RADIOECOLOGICAL SURVEYS ON THE TOMTORSKOYE RARE METAL DEPOSIT (SAKHA REPUBLIC (YAKUTIA))
Authors: Kasatkin V. V. , Kasatkin A. V. , Ilyichev V. A. , Sedov N. S. , Vasilenko E. M. , Evdokimov S. V.
Published: December 2018

In 2017, the specialists of the radiation safety laboratory of JSC «VNIPIpromtekhnologii» conducted a radioecological examination of the «Buranny», «Severny» and «Yuzhny» sites in the Tomtorskoe rare metal deposit (the northern part of the Olenek ulus of the Sakha Republic (Yakutia)). By this time, exploration work was completed at the field with an assessment of the radiation situation. Due to the fact that the amount of information received was not sufficient for a comprehensive analysis and prediction of the radiation situation, it was decided to conduct an additional radioecological survey at the field and in the adjacent area. The research program included field and laboratory work: gamma surveying of the territory, measuring the flux density of alpha and beta particles, gamma spectrometric measurements, environmental sampling, residues of drill cuttings and core, conducting research on the content of natural and man-made radionuclides, as well as individual chemical elements in the selected samples. According to the results of the research, a conclusion was drawn about the normal radiation situation in general in the field. Certain sites of the radioactive contamination was associated with an anthropogenic impact on the ecology of the field during exploratory drilling with the extraction of core from the ore body to the surface of the sites.
Targeting Tumour Metastasis: The Emerging Role of Nanotechnology
Authors: Visentin Sarah , Sedić Mirela , Pavelić Sandra Kraljević , Pavelić Krešimir
Published: December 2018

The metastatic process has still not been completely elucidated, probably due to insufficient knowledge of the underlying mechanisms. Here, we provide an overview of the current findings that shed light on specific molecular alterations associated with metastasis and present novel concepts in the treatment of the metastatic process. In particular, we discuss novel pharmacological approaches in the clinical setting that target metastatic progression. New insights into the process of metastasis allow optimisation and design of new treatment strategies, especially in view of the fact that metastatic cells share common features with stem cells. Nano- and micro-technologies are herein elaborated in details as a promising therapeutic concept in targeted drug delivery for metastatic cancer. Progression in the field could provide a more efficient way to tackle metastasis and thus bring about advancements in the treatment and management of patients with advanced cancer.