bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Colloque Cabinets ministériels et finances publiques Lille, 20 sept. 2019 - Synthèse
Authors: Vandendriessche Xavier
Published: February 2020

Malgré certains progrès, l’opacité du fonctionnement des cabinets demeure. L’hétérogénéité des situations rend difficile la conception d’un statut unique des collaborateurs de cabinet.
ANALISIS SOSIOLOGI SASTRA DRAMA “OPERA KECOA” KARYA NOERBERTUS RIANTIARNO
Authors: Logita Embang
Published: February 2020

Karya sastra merupakan hasil pemikiran dan cerminan dari sebuah budaya kelompok masyarakat mana saja yang memiliki kebudayaan, oleh karena itu dalam karya satra banyak menceritakan tentang interaksi manusia dengan manusia dan lingkunganya.Karya sastra juga merupakan salah satu ungkapan rasa estetis dari seorang pengarang terhadap alam sekitarnya.

Karya sastra yang baik biasanya mampu mengarahkan dan mendidik para pembaca karena nilai-nilai kebenaran yang terkandung di dalamnya. Di balik fungsinya sebagai bacaan yang menghibur, karya sastra merupakan media kontrol dalam dimensi fiksi. Karena karya sastra lahir dari realitas objektif yang diangkat oleh pengarangnya dengan imajinasi-realitas menjadi realitas baru. Karya sastra imajinatif di Indonesia terbagi menjadi tiga, yaitu puisi, fiksi atau prosa naratif, dan drama.

Drama sebagai salah satu karya sastra yang juga memiliki keindahan dan makna tersembunyi dibalik kata-katanya menjadikan drama sebagai karya seni yang estetis dan patut untuk dianalisis nilai-nilai kehidupan dan sosial budaya yang terkandung di dalamnya. Drama yang berjudul “Opera Kecoa” karya N. Riantiarno ini akan penulis analisis dengan menggunakan pendekatan sosiologi sastra.

 

Kata Kunci : Sastra, drama dan sosiologi sastra
MODERN TECHNOLOGIES FOR INCREASING THE REPRODUCTION LEVEL IN DAIRY CATTLE
Authors: V. V. Lyashenko  , N. A. Balakirev  , Yu. A. Yuldashbayev  , I. V. Kayeshova  , A. K. Karynbayev  , A. V. Gubina  , I. P. Prokhorov
Published: February 2020

The work aims to study the features of herd reproduction in the conditions of a modern specialized unit for growing repair young animals.
The studies were carried out in the conditions of Megaferma OOO in the Kuznetsky region, which is part of the Rusmolco Company in the Penza region, on the number of animals in the modern herd reproduction center. The object of the research was the replacement heifers of the Holstein breed; the subject of the research was: live weight of heifers in different technological periods and the efficiency of insemination of heifers with sexed and ordinary sperm.
The studies show the dynamics of live weight of the Holstein heifers of different origin (Holland, the USA, Russia) during directed growing; the achievement of live weight of 350 kg was established by the period of the first insemination at the age 12 months; the Dutch heifers had a higher growth rate during all growing periods.
The results of studies indicate that when using sexed semen, the pregnancy rate of heifers from the first insemination was 54.5%; 82.5% of heifers were received from the studied livestock, which is 29.5% more than from the insemination with ordinary semen. When inseminating with sexed semen of heifers of different origins (Hungary, Germany, Russia), the existing differences in the experimental groups were found. The pregnancy rate from the first insemination in the studied livestock ranged from 48.7 to 59.7%, and the yield of heifers - from 77.5 to 89.4%.
Such indicators are consistent with the international practice of using sexed semen and with the guarantees of the semen producer. Consequently, an increase in the number of heifers in offspring allows breeding farms to abandon the acquisi-tion of expensive breeding young stock.
ANALISA KERUSAKAN COLLET PADA MESIN COILLING PEMBUAT SPRING SPEEDOMETER CABLE DAN UPAYA PENCEGAHAN
Authors: Lesmana Andri
Published: February 2020

Abstraksi : Analisis kegagalan dan kerusakan komponen mesin Coilling di industri manufacture automotive salah satu ilmu yang dapat dipelajari dan digunakan untuk menganalisa suatu komponen mesin Coilling yang mengalami kegagalan dan kerusakan komponen mesin patah atau failure, dengan mencari akar penyebab kegagalannya (root causes of problems) tujuannya untuk memberikan rekomendasi penyebab Utama kegagalan dan kerusakan komponen mesin Coilling, Agar tidak terjadi kesalahan yang berulang.Hasil analisis ini harus dilakukan penelitian mengenai analisis kegagalan dan kerusakan sebuah collet pada mesin coilling pembuat spring speedometer cable yang menggunakan material dasar collet steel S45C, collet pada mesin coilling mengalami kegagalan dan kerusakan patah pada saat proses produksi spring speedometer cable.Untuk mengetahui hasil penelitian telah dilakukan pengujian komposisi kimia, pengujian kekerasan, pengujian struktur mikro dan pengamatan perubahan sifat mekanis collet. Penyebab utama kerusakan adalah fatigue yang diakibatkan oleh beban siklus dengan kondisi high nominal stress dan dapat digunakan untuk pengembangan kualitas collet serta optimasi usaha pencegahan perpatahan pada collet meliputi perbaikan desain, material, manufaktur dan cara pemasangan serta penerapan sistem manajemen pemilihan material yang tepat. Kata Kunci : Analisa Kerusakan, Collet, Mesin Coilling, Spring Speedometer Cable, Pencegahan
ANALYZING ISLAMOPHOBIA AS HATE SPEECH: AL-ATTAS' VIEWS ON THE CORRUPTION OF KNOWLEDGE
Authors: Zarkasyi Hamid Fahmy , Arroisi Jarman , Taqiyuddin Muhammad , Salim Mohammad Syam'un
Published: February 2020

The phenomenon of Islamophobia has always been a contemporary issue, especially in a world that is supposed to be global and full of diversity. In fact, in some Muslim-majority countries, the phenomenon is actually spread. Further study found that among the reasons was a misunderstanding in exploring and understanding Islam as a religion. Especially on the meaning of Islam as a universal religion for humans. Methodologically, this literature research model uses a historical literacy approach in the form of a Western phobia of Islam (especially religion) in the Middle Ages (anti-semitic), primary sources of Islamic teachings, and Islamic religious philosophy specifically excavated from Syed Muhammad Naquib al-Attas. Al-Attas’ analysis is used based on his capacity to understand ideas about metaphysics and Western civilization and Islam itself. The theoretical study is focusing on al-Attas' conception of 'corruption of the knowledge' that occurs as a result of 'loss of adab'. This is a global challenge for contemporary Muslims, the 'pursuit of knowledge' ; that is, the spread of 'erroneous science' that is like true, but contains falsehood and brings damage to the correct understanding of Islam. This study found that 'the corruption of the Knowledge' about Islam often results in Islamophobia; which begun with misunderstanding about the very essential things in Islam. Muslims join in phobias towards their religion because of the loss of adab. Most of the misconceptions result from 1) studying Islam without referring to scientific authority 2) framing social media about Islam 3) Secularization which reduces Islam is only limited to ancient Arabic culture.
The Theatre in contemporary Public Institutions
Authors: Junior Jorge Luiz Machado , Esteves Alejandra Luisa Magalhães
Published: February 2020

The right and the performing arts have been together for centuries. The Greek tragedies depicted the cases presented in the courts demonstrating a close link between the two. Over the years, the plays often reflect the inconsistencies of judicial decisions or laws applied unfairly or ineffectively. The performing arts are used to assist the undergraduate law to experience the experiences of the profession through the simulation of courts, monitors where there is a need for staging. However, it is emphasized that the intention is to prepare the student for the various situations that the student may pass through the exercise of his activities. In this context, public institutions and their peculiarities are observed. These present a worn image in the face of the problems currently faced, such as corruption and managerial inefficiency that are addressed more deeply in the search for possible solutions to the slowness in the provision of services. Finally, it is noted that there is the possibility of correlating theater and public institutions to elucidate the role of its actors in the management of the services provided.

Keywords: theater, public institution, slowness.
Fièvre jaune et le besoin constant de surveillance épidémiologique
Authors: Gitirana José Valdeci Almeida
Published: February 2020

Objectif : dévoiler les facteurs qui justifient l’importance d’une surveillance épidémiologique efficace pour le contrôle de la fièvre jaune dans le pays. Méthode : recherche exploratoire, bibliographique, qualitative et descriptive. Résultats: les dernières enquêtes épidémiologiques indiquent que le nombre de cas de fièvre jaune sauvage enregistrés au Brésil est très variable, donc, s’il est considéré que pour chaque cas détectable il ya 10 autres cas d’évolution subclinique, les chiffres réels peut être beaucoup plus grande que celles enregistrées par les agences de santé. Conclusion : La fièvre jaune, en tant que maladie infectieuse grave, est une zoonose difficile à contrôler, car elle est capable de provoquer des épidémies imprévisibles dans les populations humaines, un exemple est le moment vécu par l’État du Minas Gerais, qui souffre d’une épidémie de maladie, motivée par des conditions de déséquilibre environnemental qui favorisent le développement et la prolifération des vecteurs, coopérant à l’apparition de centaines de décès dans les premiers mois de 2017 seulement.

Mots-clés : contrôle, fièvre jaune, diagnostic, surveillance épidémiologique.
Uji Kekerasan Resin Komposit Olahan Sendiri dengan Filler Hidroksiapatit dari Tulang Ikan Air Tawar
Authors: Djustiana Nina , Karlina Elin , Cahyanto Arief , Hasratiningsih Zulia , Nurhayati Rosidah
Published: February 2020

Resin composite is one of the restoration materials used in dentistry. The study toward resin composite was being done to improve mechanical properties and the biocompatibilities, one of the ways  by using hydroxyapatite filler. State of the aim of this study was to evaluate the hardness number of resin composite with hydroxyapatite filler from fresh water fish bones. The study was true experimental using five samples of resin composites processed with hydroxyapatite filler from fresh water fish bones and five samples of  fabricated resin composites (GC Solare P) as a  control. Hardness was evaluated using the Vickers microhardness testing machine (Leco). The average hardness number of resin composite processed was 18.384 VHN and resin composite made by factory was 27.952 VHN. The results were analyzed statistically by t independent (α=0.05) and showed significantly difference between resin composite processed with hydroxyapatite filler from fresh water fish bones compared to fabricated resin composite. The conclusion from this study showed that the hardness number of resin composite processed with hydroxyapatite filler from fresh water fish bone is lower than fabricated resin composite.
Perbandingan Aktivitas Antibakteri Ekstrak Curcuma zedoaria dan Bahan Irigasi Natrium Hipoklorit 2.5% terhadap Enterococcus faecalis
Authors: Mozartha Martha , Silvia Prisisilia , Sujatmiko Billy
Published: February 2020

Sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) is a powerful disinfectant used in root canal therapy, yet it has some disadvantages. There are growing interests of using extracts of natural materials containing antibacterial secondary metabolite compounds as an alternative of irrigation solution. Aim, to compare the antibacterial activity of white turmeric extracts and 2,5% sodium hypochlorite irrigant against Enterococcus faecalis. Methods, this was a quasi experimental study. White turmeric extracts at the concentrations of 75%, 50%, 25% and  10% were used as experimental groups, while 2,5% NaOCl and distilled water were the control groups. Suspensions of Enterococcus faecalis were prepared to a 0.5 Mc Farland standard and applied onto petri plates containing Muller Hinton Agar. Six wells were created in each plate, and filled with 20 mL of the test solution. Plates were incubated at 37 ° C for 24 hours. The antibacterial activity was evaluated by measuring the clear zone around the well. Data were analyzed by Kruskall Wallis and continued by Mann U Whitney. Results, the largest growth inhibition zones were produced when the test bacteria were in contact with 2,5% NaOCl (15,0233 mm). White turmeric extract 75% concentration had weak antibacterial effect, while white turmeric extract 50%, 25%, 10% concentration, and distilled water did not has antibacterial properties against Enterococcus faecalis. Conclusion, white turmeric extract 75% concentration can inhibit the growth of Enterococcus faecalis with weak antibacterial activity.
Non-linear Impact of the Short Circuit Impedance Selection on the Cost Optimized Power Transformer Design
Authors: Orosz Tamás , Tamus Zoltán Ádám
Published: February 2020

Since the electrical machine design is a complex task it can be divided into sub-problems, e.g. preliminary and final design processes and checking of the final design. This paper deals with the preliminary design process, which provides the key-design parameters of the electrical machine. Traditionally, these electrical machine models in preliminary design phase neglect or use oversimplified insulation system models and the tap changing selection is not involved during the calculation of key-design parameters. The aim of this study is to assess the effect of the insulation distance minimization and tap-changing on the key design parameters of a cost-optimized large power transformer. For this purpose, the paper shows some examples, where the cost optimal design — in contrast to the classical insulation design rule — contains larger insulation distances than the possible minimum values. The effect of tap-changing methods are also investigated. These cost optimization made by a verified, metaheuristic method-based transformer optimization algorithm. The results show involving the insulation design and tap-changing selection into the preliminary design process can provide more economical designs.
KEŞAN HERSEKZADE AHMET PAŞA CAMİİ HAZİRESİNDE BULUNAN MEZAR TAŞLARI
Authors: Karademir Murat , Kunt İbrahim
Published: February 2020

Araştırmamızda
Keşan Hersekzade Ahmet Paşa Camii haziresi içerisinde, günümüze sağlam olarak
gelebilmiş 11 adet mezar yer almaktadır. Bu mezarlardan 1 tanesi sandık mezar(
sembolik lahit) diğerleri toprak mezardır. Mezar taşlarının hepsinin
fotoğrafları çekilmiş ve kitabeleri okunmuştur. Örneklerin hepsinin başlık
tipleri, formları ve bezeme özellikleri ele alınarak Türk mezar taşı sanatı
içerisindeki yerleri belirlenmeye çalışılmıştır. Çalışmada her bir mezar taşı
ayrı ayrı ele alınmış ve taşlar üzerinde genel bir değerlendirme yapılmıştır. İncelemiş
olduğumuz mezar taşlarından 1’i XIX. yüzyıl, 1’i XVIII. yüzyıla, 1’i de XVI.
yüzyıla tarihlenmektedir. 3 adet mezar taşında ise taşlar toprak altında
kaldığı için tarih okunamamıştır. Diğerlerinde tarih bulunmamaktadır. Taşlarda
işleme yöntemi olarak zemin oyma tekniği uygulanmıştır. Sade örneklerin ön
planda olduğu mezar taşlarında süsleme kompozisyonu açısından asma, kıvrık
dallar, gül demetleri, selvi olmak üzere bitkisel karakterli motiflere yer
verilmiştir. Haziredeki mezar taşları sosyal ve kültürel açıdan Osmanlı mezar
taşı geleneğini devam ettiren örnekler olarak dikkat çekmektedir.
İZNİK ROMA TİYATROSU KAZILARI BİR GRUP PLASTİK KANDİL KULPU
Authors: Güngör Alper Eda
Published: February 2020

Günümüzdeki
ismi İznik olan Nikaia antik kentinin korunan en önemli yapılarından biri Roma
Dönemi’ne tarihlenen Tiyatro yapısıdır. Bu yapıda yapılan kazılar sırasında
uzun bir tarih aralığına ait olan seramik buluntular ele geçmiştir. Bu seramik
buluntular arasında kandiller önemli bir gruptur. Roma ve erken Bizans Dönemine
tarihlendirilen bir grup kandilin plastik kulplara sahip olduğu görülmüştür. Bu
makalenin konusunu bu plastik kulplar oluşturur. Temelde üç farklı grup altında
incelenen plastik kulplar, bitkisel, haç motifli ve figürlü olarak ayrılmış,
tipolojik ve kronolojik olarak incelenerek hangi bölgelerle ilişkilerinin
olduğu tespit edilmeye çalışılmıştır.
MİLLÎ MÜCADELE SÜRECİNDE TÜRK-BULGAR İLİŞKİLERİ VE BULGARİSTAN TÜRKLERİNİN YARDIMLARI
Authors: Kaytan Gizem
Published: February 2020

19 Mayıs 1919 tarihinde Mustafa Kemal Paşa’nın Samsun'a çıkışı ile başlayan ve destansı bir zaferle nihayete eren Türk Milli Mücadelesi’nin 100. yıl dönümünü geride bırakmaktayız. Türk tarihinde kendisine altın harflerle yer edinen bu büyük zafer, askerî bir başarı olmasına ilaveten Türkiye Cumhuriyeti'nin temellerinin atıldığı, ülkenin idarî ekonomik ve toplumsal olmak üzere önemli değişimlerine zemin hazırlandığı bir süreci de kapsamaktadır. Nitekim kazanılan bu büyük zaferin ardından meydana gelen rejim değişikliğini takip eden Atatürk ilke ve inkılapları, adeta yaşanan bu değişimlerin üzerinde yükseldiği bir kaideyi temsil etmektedir. Bu noktadan hareketle, Türkiye Cumhuriyeti Devleti’nin temellerinin atıldığı bu dönem, birçok Türk ve yabancı tarihçinin araştırmalarına konu olmuş, Batılı ve Rus tarihçilerin yanı sıra Bulgar tarihçiler de kendi bakış açıları ve milli tarihleri çerçevesinde bu dönemi ele almışlardır. Fakat özellikle Bulgar tarihçiler bazı gerçekleri görmezden gelerek olay ve olguları nesnel bir bakış açısıyla ele almaktan kaçınmışlardır.
Role of Ownership Concentration and Dividend Policy on Firm Performance
Authors: Murtaza Sadia , Noor-Ud-Din Ahmad , Aguir Amel , Batool Saadia
Published: February 2020

Purpose- The main aim of this study is to determine the role of ownership concentration and dividend policy on the firm performance of chemical sector firms of Pakistan. Design/Methodology- This research used the secondary data collected from the annual reports of the companies listed at the Karachi Stock Exchange (KSE). However, inclusion criteria are the 26 listed firms from 2012 to 2017, giving a total of 156 observations. This study used the Generalized Least Squares Model. Findings- The findings reveal that ownership concentration has a significant positive association with firm financial performance. This stated that larger shareholders could attribute to the alignment of managerial incentives with shareholder interests. They also monitor the team very effectively and efficiently. The dividend policy has a significant positive relationship with ROA. Leverage and tangibility have a significant negative relationship with firm performance. Practical Implications- These results potentially can be relevant for policymakers and academic research as well as also helpful for managers and policymakers.
HISTORY OF ONE CRIME: ANDRIY SPSAY AND THE CRACKS OF THE XX CENTURY
Authors: Венгер А. , Головань M.
Published: February 2020

The article deals with the biography of the peasant Andrii Sapsai, whose life came at a time of the great turmoil in the first half of the twentieth century.On the eve of the 1917 revolution his family successfully farmed in the village Pryyut of Katerynoslav province. In the post-revolutionary years they continued to farm: they kept cattle, cultivated land. The turning point for the family was the dislocation and eviction from the village.The whole family was deported to live in the Urals at the Lisna Vovchanka station. There Andrii was sentenced under a political article. On the eve of the German-Soviet war he returned to Ukraine and settled not far from the village Pryyut.With the arrival of German troops he volunteered with the police, moved to the village Pryyut where he settled down in his house. He was responsible for sending local youth to Germany, searching the villages of those in hiding, and sending them to the collection point in the village Friesendorf, and from there escorted to the train station. Aboveall, Andrii Sapsai participated in the execution of the Jews of the village Kamyana in the Berestianabalka.In May 1942, police officers from the area were summoned to the Friesendorf meeting, for a total of 50 men arrived. The police chief Keller ordered everyone to get into two trucks and to go to the village Zlatoustovka.The policemen were brought to the Berestiana balka, which was located near the village, where a hole up to 20 m long, 2 m wide and 2 m deep had already been dug.They were informed that the Jews were going to be brought now and they would have to be shot. Those who would refuse to participate in the shooting would face severe punishment. Following the police the chief of the Friesendorf Gendarmerie, who had organized the whole process, arrived. In 1934 he left the territory of Ukraine together with some German troops, reaching Romania and leaving them there. In the summer of 1944 local authorities gathered those who had retreated with the Germans at the camp and they worked to rebuild the airfield and then they were transferred to the Soviet command. Then Andrii was called to the ranks of the Red Army by the field enlistment office. To the 4th platoon of the 1st military company, 375 special assault battalion 41 rifle regiment of the 2nd Ukrainian Front.He participated in the battles for the liberation of Hungary, in January 1944 became a German prisoner, and in May 1945 in the territory of Austria he was liberated by Soviet troops and again drafted into the army, where he served until 1946.
ORDINASI SUNGAI BIRU DESA TULUNGREJO KECAMATAN BUMIAJI KOTA BATU BERDASARKAN MAKROZOOBENTHOS
Authors: Tantalu Lorine , Sudaryanti Sri , Mulyanto Mulyanto
Published: February 2020

This research aim to make ordination of Blue Rivers on Dusun Wonorejo, Desa Tulungrejo, Kecamatan Bumiaji, Kota Batu based on macrozoobenthos and environmental variable which support. The research is conducted in the early of February to mid of August. Items at the research consisting of macrozoobenthos community, water, environmental physical on Blur Rivers. Intake of some sample conducted in 15 sites which done only one intake as long as Blue River which representing reference site area. Way of intake of the makrozoobenthos sample are done with kicking sampling methods. Macrozoobenthos which had been taken would be identified and calculated as data sampling. Data analysis technique use CANOCO (“Canonical Community Ordination”) programs on 4.5 version for determining the ordination of ecology group based on makrozoobenthos. From data analysis use CANOCO to be got Blue River ordination from 15 sites that is A ordination counted 7 site that means are good condition proven by finding of Glossomatidae. B rdination counted 8 site that means are site that begin to degradation proven by finding of Simuliidae.
AGROINDUSTRI KAKAO UNTUK MENINGKATKAN PENDAPATAN MASYARAKAT PETANI DI KABUPATEN KONAWE
Authors: Rayuddin Rayuddin
Published: February 2020

Tujuan inovasi agroindustri kakao adalah menerapkan teknik fermentasi biji kakao dengan menggunakan kotak fermentasi yang didesain khusus guna meningkatkan kualitas biji kakao pada usahatani kakao rakyat, sehingga memiliki nilai jual yang lebih tinggi dan dapat meningkatkan pendapatan petani kakao. Nilai ekonomi produk kakao rakyat masih dominan diperoleh dari produk primer menyebabkan perolehan pendapatan per satuan unit produk usahatani kakao tergolong relatif rendah. Nilai tambah komoditas kakao dapat diperoleh masyarakat dengan cara melakukan fermentasi biji kakao dalam proses pasca panen kakao. Masalahnya adalah bagaimana meningkatkan kualitas biji kakao dalam proses pascapanen menjadi produk biji kakao fermentasi yang mempunyai nilai jual yang lebih tinggi sehingga dapat meningkatkan pendapatan petani kakao. Teknik fermentasi kakao dilakukan dengan cara: (a) biji kakao basah dimasukkan kedalam kotak fermentasi ukuran 30x30x30 cm (p.l.t) selama 48-27 jam, (b) pembalikan dan pengadukan biji kakao, (c) pengontrolan suhu biji kakao minimal 52 derajat celsius, (d) pencucian biji kakao, (e) pengeringan biji kakao, serta (f) penyimpanan dan pengemasan biji kakao. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa nilai produk biji kakao fermentasi dapat meningkatkan harga jual kakao kualitas fermentasi (52,17 persen) dan meningkatkan nilai pendapatan usahatani kakao rakyat sebesar Rp 23.268.000,00.-/ha per tahun dalam masyarakat perkebunan.
CODE SWITCHING IN ARTICLES IN THE JAKARTA POST
Authors: Bria Maria Gaudensia , Kasmiran Marselus Suarta , Bram Barli
Published: February 2020

This paper explored code switching between English and Indonesian in articles in the daily newspaper The Jakarta Post. Data were collected from six articles published in The Jakarta Post. The code switching data were analyzed to determine the reasons for the writers to switch codes. Results showed that there existed five reasons for code switching, namely “lack of one word in either language, one wants to make a point, some activities have only been experienced in one of the languages, some words are easier, more distinguishable and easier to use in one of the languages, and the speaker has difficulty in expressing oneself: expressing group identity”. Related to the educational field, it is expected that the results will be beneficial for English teachers or lecturers to be more aware that sometimes they cannot avoid using code switching because translating some Indonesian words into English will lose the essence of the meaning.
LABUAN DELI KOTA PELABUHAN TRADISIONAL PORT CITY DELI LABUAN TRADITIONAL
Authors: Hutagaol Novita Mandasari
Published: February 2020

Labuan Deli merupakan salah satu kota tradisional yang ramai dikunjungi sebelum kedatangan Belanda. Selain sebagai kota, Labuan Deli juga digunakan sebagai bandar perdagangan. Melalui Labuan Deli barang di ekspor dan di impor. Labuan Deli yang berada di bawah kekuasaan Kesultanan Deli dijadikan sebagai pusat pemerintahan Kesultanan Deli, sehingga hal ini menyebabkan Labuan Deli berkembang menjadi sebuah kota tradisional. Melalui artikel ini dapat dilihat gambaran kota tradisional sebelum kedatangan Belanda di Sumatra Timur, sehingga dapat diketahui bentuk dan aktivitas kota tradisional, khususnya Labuan Deli.Kata Kunci ; Labuan Deli, Kota PeLabuLabuan Deli is one of the traditional cities that visited before the arrival of the Dutch. Aside from being a city, Labuan Deli also used as a trading port. Through Labuan Deli goods in exports and in imports. Labuan Deli under the Sultanate of Deli serve as the central government of the Sultanate of Deli, so it caused Labuan Deli develop into a traditional city. Through this article can be seen picture of a traditional city before the arrival of the Dutch in the East Sumatra, so that can know the shape and traditional activities in the city, especially Labuan Deli.Keywords;Labuan Deli, City Harbor
Performa Pertumbuhan dan Kelulushidupan Lobster Air Tawar Capit Merah (Cherax quadraciantus) melalui Formulasi Pemberian Pakan dengan Frekuensi yang Berbeda
Authors: Partini Partini , Ahlina Hadra Fi , Harahap Syaiful Ramadhan
Published: February 2020

Lobster air tawar capit merah Redclaw (Cherax qudricarinatus) merupakan komoditas perikanan air tawar yang sangat potensial untuk dikembangkan sebagai komoditas budidaya. Performa pertumbuhan dan kelulushidupan dapat ditingkatkan dengan meningkatkan frekuensi pemberian pakan. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk mengetahui frekuensi pemberian pakan yang optimal dalam mendukung pertumbuhan dan kelulushidupan. Perlakuan yang diuji adalah variasi frekuensi pemberian pakan 2 kali sehari, 3 kali sehari, dan 4 kali sehari. Lobster Redclaw yang digunakan memiliki bobot tubuh rata-rata 0,53±0,11 gram dengan panjang rata-rata 3,15±0,02 cm. Pemeliharaan dilakukan selama 90 hari dalam wadah akuarium, dengan padat tebar 20 ekor/wadah. Jenis pakan yang diberikan adalah pelet udang PF 100 ukuran 0,4–0,7 mm dengan proporsi 3% dari berat biomassa. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perbedaan variasi frekuensi pemberian pakan tidak berpengaruh secara signifikan terhadap performa pertumbuhan dan kelulushidupan. Nilai parameter kualitas air pada seluruh wadah selama pemeliharaan masih mendukung pertumbuhan dan kelangsungan hidup lobster air tawar capit merah.
Factores asociados a malformaciones congénitas
Authors: Ayala-Peralta Félix Dasio , Guevara-Ríos Enrique , Carranza-Asmat César , Luna-Figueroa Antonio , Espinola-Sánchez Marcos , Racchumí-Vela Augusto , Mejico Caja Melisa , Morales-Alvarado Sabrina , Valdivieso-Oliva Vanessa , Reyes-Serrano Bertha Nathaly , Barbaggelata-Huaraca Adriana Josefina , Moreno-Reyes Katherin Faviola
Published: February 2020

Objetivo: Identificar los factores de riesgo obstétricos y perinatales asociados a recien nacidos con malformaciones congénitas (MC) en gestantes atendidas en el Instituto Nacional Materno Perinatal durante el periodo 2018. Material y Métodos: Estudio observacional, retrospectivo, corte transversal en mujeres hospitalizadas de enero a diciembre 2018 que cumplieron con criterios de inclusión. Las variables de estudio fueron: edad materna, edad gestacional, tipo de parto, peso al nacer, puntuación Apgar al nacer, tipo de MC y supervivencia. Se utilizó análisis estadístico para cálculo de prevalencias y proporciones. Se aplicó la prueba de Mann-Whitney y Chi-cuadrado. Para estimar las curvas de sobrevida se usó el Método de Kaplan Meier. Resultados: Se enrolaron 340 casos que representan el  1,9% de prevalencia de MC. La tasa de mortalidad neonatal específica de MC fue 8,1x1000 nv. Corresponden 7,9% a mujeres adolescentes y 29,7% edad materna avanzada. Culminaron por cesárea en 65,9%. El 33,5% corresponden a recién nacido (RN) con bajo peso al nacer (p<0,005). El 68,5% fueron de edad gestacional a término y 31,5% pretérmino; de ellos, fallecieron 54,2% y 45,8% RN pretérmino y a término respectivamente (p<0,005). Correspondió Apgar bajo al nacer al minuto menor de puntaje 7 al 37,9% y a los 5 minutos 20,8% (p<0,005). Según tipo de MC, en madres adolescentes predominan macrocefalia con 44,4%, testículo no descendido 22,2%, hidrocefalia 11,1%, entre otras; en edad media, otros síndromes de malformaciones congénitas de causas exógenas con 15,4%, seguida MC renal 11%; anemia congénita y macrocefalia 7,7%; entre otras; y en edad materna avanzada predomina el Síndrome de Down con 26,4%, seguida de otros síndromes de malformaciones congénitas debidas a causas exógenas con 15,1%; malformaciones múltiples con 7,1% entre otras. La probabilidad de supervivencia de RN sexo femenino es mayor que el masculino alcanzando por encima del 60% después de 20 días; y los RN de madres de edad media y edad materna avanzada sobreviven mayor que de las madres adolescentes alcanzando por encima del 62% después de 15 días de nacido. Conclusión: Recien nacido pretérmino con bajo peso al nacer y Apgar bajo al nacer tuvieron asociación estadística significativa; asimismo, el Sindrome de Down fue la MC predominante en edad materna avanzada.
Anti-angiogenesis en la fisiopatología de la preeclampsia. ¿la piedra angular?
Authors: Lacunza-Paredes Rommel Omar , Avalos-Gómez Jorge
Published: February 2020

La preeclampsia es la enfermedad más enigmática de la medicina fetal, recientes descubrimientos nos acercan a poder completar la compleja cascada fisiopatológica de la disfunción endotelial materna en preeclampsia. Los factores angiogénicos y el desequilibrio producido por el aumento de la producción placentaria de factores antiangiogénicos se constituyen como una sólida teoría para unificar la disfunción endotelial materna y la hipoperfusión placentaria.
Some remarks on socketed axes of the Passau type
Authors: Blajer Wojciech
Published: February 2020

Among artefacts from a private collection there is a bronze socketed axe which resembles the Passau type, originating from an unknown locality. Since the type was first defined in 1935, its definition tended to be extended to cover axes of other variants, and as a result, apart from those decorated with three arched planes (wings), axes ornamented with 1 to 4 arched ribs have also been included into this type. In recent years, however, the name has practically fallen out of use in archaeological literature. A review of relevant publications indicates that both the Passau type proper and the variants decorated with ribs should be dated to a broad timespan of HaA2–HaB3. The earliest assemblages, mostly hoards, occur in the middle Danube basin, and the younger ones in the upper Danube and upper Elbe basins. The closest analogies to the privately-owned axe discussed here are stray finds from Bavaria and Austria. Their chronology falls within HaA2–HaB2, perhaps with a focus on HaB2.
La Tène culture in Silesia. Remarks on the state of research and new cognitive perspectives
Authors: Dulęba Przemysław
Published: February 2020

The article presents the latest state of research on the issues of La Tène culture settlement in the area of modern-day Silesia. The text discusses the specific of field research and their interpretation in the light of all the discoveries that are known from the analysed region. Until recently, studies on the La Tène culture in Poland were considerably hampered by a particular state of research. The vast majority of finds which can be dated to the Early La Tène period have sepulchral nature, while the settlement sites represented the Middle La Tène period. The author also discusses the model of periodization used for the territory of Central Europe, the settlement potential of the local populations, their interregional connections and contacts with indigenous societies.
Three lies of digital ethnography
Authors: De Seta Gabriele
Published: February 2020

The relative novelty of digital ethnography as a research methodology, along with the challenges that it moves to classical understandings of fieldwork, participation and representation, results in a repertoire of professional illusions through which digital ethnographers justify their work when confronted with the disciplinary culture of anthropology. This essay is based on the author’s reflexive experience of researching digital media use in China, and updates Gary Alan Fine’s 1993 article “Ten Lies of Ethnography” by identifying three lies of digital ethnography. Illustrating each of these lies through an archetypal figure – the ‘networked field-weaver’, the ‘eager participant-lurker’ and the ‘expert fabricator’ – this article argues for the need to confront methodological illusions and embrace the tensions behind them as useful heuristics for conducting ethnographic research on, through and about digital media.
Yapay Zeka Bağlamında Dijital Dönüşüm Ofisi
Authors: TAMER Halil Yasin , ÖVGÜN Barış
Published: February 2020

Devlet, ekonomik ve toplumsal gereksinimlere göre konum ve işlev değiştirmektedir. Bu konum ve işlev kimi zaman müdahaleci bir nitelik arz ederken kimi zaman da oyunun kurallarını belirleme ya da düzenleme şeklinde kendini göstermektedir. 1980’li yıllarda başlayan yeni sağ politikalar çerçevesinde devletin konumu ve rolü ciddi bir şekilde sorgulanmaya başlanmış ve yaşanan krizleri aşabilmek için devletin yeni bir kalkınma anlayışı çerçevesinde örgütlenmesi ve çalışması gerektiği iddia edilmiştir. Bu düşünceye göre devlet, artık doğrudan yapan değil; aktörleri yapabilir kılan ve bütün aktörleri kalkınma çabasında aynı amaç doğrultusunda bir araya getiren bir anlayışa sahip olmalıdır. Çünkü günümüz teknoloji ve dijitalleşme çağıdır ve bu dönem bütün aktörlerin ortaklığını gerektirmektedir. İşte bu çalışma kamu yönetimi alan yazınında yavaş yavaş ilgi duyulmaya başlanan dijitalleşme ve onun temel bir unsuru olan yapay zeka konusuna eğilmektedir. Çalışmanın temel tezi, yapay zeka tartışmalarının ve çalışmalarının devletin yeni konumu ve işlevi ile doğrudan ilgisi olduğu ve yapay zeka uygulamalarının yeni kalkınma anlayışında önemli bir yer teşkil ettiğidir. Bu değişim Türk kamu yönetiminin örgütlenmesinde ve işleyişinde de kendisini göstermektedir. 2017 yılında benimsenen Cumhurbaşkanlığı Hükümet Sistemi’nde en önemli konulardan biri olarak dijitalleşme ve yapay zeka görüldüğünden Dijital Dönüşüm Ofisi adı altında doğrudan cumhurbaşkanına bağlı bir birim kurulmuştur. Bu yeni yapının görev ve yetkilerinin küresel çaptaki gelişmelere uygun bir şekilde izlenmesi yapay zekanın devletin geleceğini nasıl şekillendireceğini göstermesi bakımından oldukça dikkat çekicidir.
До питання щодо декриміналізації обігу канабісу в незначних розмірах
Authors: Одинцова О. В.
Published: February 2020

Статтю присвячено аналізу підстави та приводів декриміналізації незаконного виробництва, виготовлення, придбання, зберігання, перевезення та пересилання канабісу без мети збуту за відсутності кваліфікуючих ознак, передбачених ч. ч. 2 та 3 ст. 309 КК України. Наведено аргументи на користь позиції, що в сучасних умовах протидія незаконному обігу канабісу без мети збуту кримінально-правовими засобами потребує удосконалення. Пропонується декриміналізувати назаконні дії з канабісом в незначних розмірах і передбачити за них адміністративну відповідальність за ст. 44 КУпАП за умов, що в діях винної особи відсутні такі кваліфікуючі ознаки, передбачені ч. ч. 2 та 3 ст. 309 КК України, як вчинення цих дій за попередньою змовою групою осіб; протягом року після засудження за ст. 309 КК України; із залученням неповнолітнього.
Ситуаційна обумовленість збирання, дослідження та використання доказів у кримінальному провадженні
Authors: Коваленко А. В.
Published: February 2020

Стаття присвячена обґрунтуванню ситуаційної обумовленості збирання, дослідження та використання доказів у кримінальному провадженні. Автором проаналізовано основні підходи до розуміння терміна «слідча ситуація» та особливості застосування даного поняття як категорії криміналістичної тактики й методики. Розглянуто інші види криміналістично значущих ситуацій у кримінальному провадженні, зокрема ситуації слідчої (розшукової) дії, техніко-криміналістичні ситуації, експертні ситуації тощо. Запропоновано шляхи вдосконалення криміналістичних рекомендацій за рахунок використання науковцями закономірностей ситуаційної обумовленості доказування в кримінальному провадженні. Визначено пріоритетні напрямки дослідження ситуаційної обумовленості доказування в кримінальному провадженні.
Еволюція розвитку виборчого законодавства України
Authors: Діденко О. М.
Published: February 2020

У статті розкриваються особливості становлення виборчого законодавства України з часу проголошення незалежності нашої держави. Виокремлено певні тенденції й закономірності його еволюційного шляху розвитку. Так вибори Президента України, народних депутатів України, як і місцеві вибори органів і посадових осіб місцевого самоврядування проводилися переважно на основі нових законів чи їх нових редакцій, апробуючи різні види виборчих систем. Виокремлено певні етапи і позитивну динаміку до стабільності виборчого законодавства України в останні роки. Наголошено значення Виборчого кодексу України для упорядкування даної галузі законодавства, гармонізації з існуючими міжнародними стандартами в цій сфері, а також визначено перспективні напрями удосконалення виборчого законодавства.
Leptospiral Culture without 5’-Fluorouracil Revealed Improved Leptospira Isolation from Febrile Patients in North-Eastern Malaysia
Authors: Mohamad Safiee Amira Wahida , Mohd Ali Mohammad Ridhuan , Fauzi Mohd Hashairi , Muhd Besari Alwi , Yean Yean Chan , Neela Vasantha Kumari , Ismail Nabilah
Published: February 2020

Objectives: Isolation of Leptospira by culture represents a definitive growth and confirmation of the disease, yet it is hampered with its nature of slow growth. With slight modification of culture method, the study aims to isolate and characterize Leptospira spp. from patients with acute febrile illness. Methods: A total of 109 blood samples were collected from patients with acute febrile illness that presented at the Emergency Department of Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia, Malaysia. Clinical samples were subjected to Leptospira IgM Rapid test, microscopic agglutination test (MAT), isolation by culture method, and direct real-time PCR test. For leptospiral isolation, the samples (whole blood and deposit from spun plasma) were cultured into modified Ellinghausen McCullough Johnson Harris (EMJH) media with and without 5’-fluorouracil (5-FU). In every culture positive sample, partial 16S rRNA gene sequencing was performed for molecular identification of the isolates. Phylogenetic analysis was carried out to determine the genetic relatedness among the isolates. An inhibition of 5-FU study was performed on Leptospira interrogans serovar Canicola with different concentrations to compare the growth detection of the tested Leptospira with or without 5-FU within 7 days of incubation. Results: Leptospirosis was diagnosed in 14.7% of patients with acute febrile illness. Two Leptospira spp. (n = 2/109, 1.85%) were successfully isolated from whole blood and deposit from spun plasma samples. B004 and B208 samples were positive at day 11 and day 7, respectively, in EMJH media without addition of 5-FU. Sample B004 was identified as Leptospira interrogans and B208 as Leptospira weilli. Phylogenetic analysis confirmed that both of them were within pathogenic group and they were not related. The 5-FU inhibition study revealed that additional of 5-FU at final concentration of 200 µg/mL to EMJH media demonstrated an inhibitory effect on the growth of the tested strain Conclusion: Isolation of Leptospira spp. using EMJH media without addition of 5’-fluorouracil resulted in a better outcome. Two pathogenic Leptospira isolates were successfully cultivated from patients with acute febrile illness that were genetically not related.
PPP2R5D-Related Intellectual Disability and Neurodevelopmental Delay: A Review of the Current Understanding of the Genetics and Biochemical Basis of the Disorder
Authors: Biswas Dayita , Cary Whitney , Nolta Jan A.
Published: February 2020

Protein Phosphatase 2 Regulatory Subunit B′ Delta (PPP2R5D)-related intellectual disability (ID) and neurodevelopmental delay results from germline de novo mutations in the PPP2R5D gene. This gene encodes the protein PPP2R5D (also known as the B56 delta subunit), which is an isoform of the subunit family B56 of the enzyme serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A). Clinical signs include intellectual disability (ID); autism spectrum disorder (ASD); epilepsy; speech problems; behavioral challenges; and ophthalmologic, skeletal, endocrine, cardiac, and genital malformations. The association of defective PP2A activity in the brain with a wide range of severity of ID, along with its role in ASD, Alzheimer’s disease, and Parkinson’s-like symptoms, have recently generated the impetus for further research into mutations within this gene. PP2A, together with protein phosphatase 1 (PP1), accounts for more than 90% of all phospho-serine/threonine dephosphorylations in different tissues. The specificity for a wide variety of substrates is determined through nearly 100 different PP2A holoenzymes that are formed by at least 23 types of regulatory B subunits, and two isoforms each of the catalytic subunit C and the structural subunit A. In the mammalian brain, PP2A-mediated protein dephosphorylation plays an important role in learning and memory. The PPP2R5D subunit is highly expressed in the brain and the PPP2A–PPP2R5D holoenzyme plays an important role in maintaining neurons and regulating neuronal signaling. From 2015 to 2017, 25 individuals with PPP2R5D-related developmental disorder were diagnosed. Since then, Whole-Exome Sequencing (WES) has helped to identify more unrelated individuals clinically diagnosed with a neurodevelopmental disorder with pathological variants of PPP2R5D. In this review, we discuss the current understanding of the clinical and genetic aspects of the disorder in the context of the known functions of the PP2A–PPP2R5D holoenzyme in the brain, as well as the pathogenic mutations in PPP2R5D that lead to deficient PP2A–PPP2R5D dephosphorylation and their implications during development and in the etiology of autism, Parkinson’s disease, Alzheimer’s disease, and so forth. In the future, tools such as transgenic animals carrying pathogenic PPP2R5D mutations, and patient-derived induced pluripotent stem cell lines need to be developed in order to fully understand the effects of these mutations on different neural cell types.
H-Terminated Diamond Surface Band Bending Characterization by Angle-Resolved XPS
Authors: Alba Gonzalo , Eon David , Villar M. Pilar , Alcántara Rodrigo , Chicot Gauthier , Cañas Jesús , Letellier Juliette , Pernot Julien , Araujo Daniel
Published: February 2020

Concerning diamond-based electronic devices, the H-terminated diamond surface is one of the most used terminations as it can be obtained directly by using H2 plasma, which also is a key step for diamond growth by chemical vapour deposition (CVD). The resultant surfaces present a p-type surface conductive layer with interest in power electronic applications. However, the mechanism for this behavior is still under discussion. Upward band bending due to surface transfer doping is the most accepted model, but has not been experimentally probed as of yet. Recently, a downward band bending very near the surface due to shallow acceptors has been proposed to coexist with surface transfer doping, explaining most of the observed phenomena. In this work, a new approach to the measurement of band bending by angle-resolved X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (ARXPS) is proposed. Based on this new interpretation, a downward band bending of 0.67 eV extended over 0.5 nm was evidenced on a (100) H-terminated diamond surface.
Modeling Human Cytomegalovirus in Humanized Mice for Vaccine Testing
Authors: Koenig Johannes , Theobald Sebastian J. , Stripecke Renata
Published: February 2020

Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV or HHV-5) is a globally spread pathogen with strictly human tropism that establishes a life-long persistence. After primary infection, high levels of long-term T and B cell responses are elicited, but the virus is not cleared. HCMV persists mainly in hematopoietic reservoirs, whereby occasional viral reactivation and spread are well controlled in immunocompetent hosts. However, when the immune system cannot control viral infections or reactivations, such as with newborns, patients with immune deficiencies, or immune-compromised patients after transplantations, the lytic outbursts can be severely debilitating or lethal. The development of vaccines for immunization of immune-compromised hosts has been challenging. Several vaccine candidates did not reach the potency expected in clinical trials and were not approved. Before anti-HCMV vaccines can be tested pre-clinically in immune-compromised hosts, reliable in vivo models recapitulating HCMV infection might accelerate their clinical translation. Therefore, immune-deficient mouse strains implanted with human cells and tissues and developing a human immune system (HIS) are being explored to test anti-HCMV vaccines. HIS-mice resemble immune-compromised hosts as they are equipped with antiviral human T and B cells, but the immune reactivity is overall low. Several groups have independently shown that HCMV infections and reactivations can be mirrored in HIS mice. However, these models and the analyses employed varied widely. The path forward is to improve human immune reconstitution and standardize the analyses of adaptive responses so that HIS models can be forthrightly used for testing novel generations of anti-HCMV vaccines in the preclinical pipeline.
GAME EDUKASI PENYAKIT MALARIA DAN CARA PENCEGAHANNYA
Authors: Hermawan Galih , Mahafi Aditya Galang
Published: February 2020

Malaria merupakan salah satu masalah utamakesehatan masyarakat di Indonesia. Diperkirakanterdapat 15000000 kasus klinis di setiap tahunnya.Beberapa program telah dilakukan oleh pemerintah,di antaranya: memberikan kelambu, brosur, pamflet,penyuluhan, dan penyemprotan DDT (DichloroDiphenyl Trichloroethane). Brosur, pamflet danpenyuluhan sebagai sarana edukasi dan pengetahuanmalaria kurang begitu efisien karena jangkauan yangtidak tercapai, kurangnya jumlah tenaga penyuluhan,dan masyarakat kurang begitu tertarik membacabrosur khususnya anak-anak. Berdasarkannarasumber yang ada pamflet dan penyuluhanmalaria saat ini hanya terdapat pada daerah endemismalaria saja.Pendidikan berkaitan dengan penyakit malariadan cara pencegahannya tentunya sangat dibutuhkanmasyarakat. Secara khusus bagi anak-anak,pengemasan media pendidikan dalam bentuk gameyang mudah digunakan, menarik, danmenyenangkan sangat diharapkan.