bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Narrative Review of the Evidence Supporting Factors Used by Residency Program Directors to Select Applicants for Interviews
Authors: Hartman Nicholas D. , Lefebvre Cedric W. , Manthey David E.
Published: May 2019

Background

Residency applicants feel increasing pressure to maximize their chances of successfully matching into the program of their choice, and are applying to more programs than ever before.

Objective

In this narrative review, we examined the most common and highly rated factors used to select applicants for interviews. We also examined the literature surrounding those factors to illuminate the advantages and disadvantages of using them as differentiating elements in interviewee selection.

Methods

Using the 2018 NRMP Program Director Survey as a framework, we examined the last 10 years of literature to ascertain how residency directors are using these common factors to grant residency interviews, and whether these factors are predictive of success in residency.

Results

Residency program directors identified 12 factors that contribute substantially to the decision to invite applicants for interviews. Although United States Medical Licensing Examination (USMLE) Step 1 is often used as a comparative factor, most studies do not demonstrate its predictive value for resident performance, except in the case of test failure. We also found that structured letters of recommendation from within a specialty carry increased benefit when compared with generic letters. Failing USMLE Step 1 or 2 and unprofessional behavior predicted lower performance in residency.

Conclusions

We found that the evidence basis for the factors most commonly used by residency directors is decidedly mixed in terms of predicting success in residency and beyond. Given these limitations, program directors should be skeptical of making summative decisions based on any one factor.
Resistência nas chapadas do Baixo Parnaíba: conflitos de lógicas entre a silvicultura e os camponeses do povoado Todos os Santos em Urbano Santos – Maranhão
Authors: Botelho Adielson Correia , Alencar Francisco Amaro
Published: May 2019

O Baixo Parnaíba, no Maranhão, sofre com a expansão do capital agrícola da silvicultura, em virtude de complexos de ações públicas e privadas voltado para à exportação da commodity. Essas ações resultam nos diferentes usos do território, por camponeses e silvicultores, que passam a disputá-lo e, consequentemente, entram em conflito. Para o estudo, fez-se a revisão de literatura, trabalho de campo e entrevistas com camponeses, que ajudou nos fundamentos empíricos para o estudo. Contrariando os desenvolvimentistas, percebeu-se que o avanço dos eucaliptais contribuiu para profundas mudanças do cotidiano das atividades desses camponeses que implica na destruição do seu modo vida.
Conflitos na luta pela terra e território em áreas de agronegócio: das violências, negligências e precariedades às manifestações e conquistas dos Guarani e Kaiowá
Authors: Mondardo Marcos , Serejo Ana Alice Cavalcanti , Staliano Pamela
Published: May 2019

Este texto consistiu em uma análise documental de reportagens veiculadas no jornal O Progresso, Mato Grosso do Sul, com o objetivo de caracterizar e identificar os conflitos, confrontos e conquistas, no processo de demarcação de terras, em áreas de fronteira de agronegócio que envolve os Guarani e Kaiowá e fazendeiros. A amostra abarcou 113 reportagens publicadas no período de 2016 a 2018, e respeitaram o delineamento metodológico da análise de conteúdo temática. Duas categorias foram criadas: Conflitos (79,65%) e Conquistas (20,35%). Contata-se que nas reservas indígenas o auxílio é escasso e falho, enquanto que os problemas, dificuldades, situações de resistência e condições de resiliência predominam nos conflitos pelos territórios tradicionais.
As faces do agronegócio maranhense: uma análise da expansão agrícola e do aumento da violência no campo
Authors: Sodré Ronaldo Barros , Almeida Juscinaldo Goes , Sousa Igor Breno Barbosa de , Souza Tibério Augusto Santos de , Mattos Júnior José Sampaio de
Published: May 2019

As relações capitalistas no campo são geradoras de territórios com lógicas distintas e contraditórias. A partir da produção agrícola desses territórios é possível diferencia-los e relaciona-los com as questões sociais que se plasmam no campo. Nesse artigo, temos como locus o estado do Maranhão, onde discutimos dados da produção agrícola (lavouras, produtos da extração vegetal e da silvicultura) e relacionamos com o aumento da violência, compreendendo que a expansão do agronegócio maranhense é um dos principais responsáveis pelo aumento da violência contra camponeses e trabalhadores rurais.
Análise da cobertura vegetal e da temperatura de superfície na região urbana e periurbana do município de Santarém/PA
Authors: Silva dos Santos Everson Raylan , Santos Teixeira Barbara Eleonora , De Almeida Everton Cristo , Neves Ítalla Cristina , Terra Ademir
Published: May 2019

As atividades antrópicas vêm, há tempos, mudando as características da superfície terrestre. Estudar a dinâmica dessas transformações é importante para executar medidas que possam tornar o ambiente um lugar favorável às condições de vida. Nesse sentido, este artigo teve como objetivo avaliar, por meio de classificação supervisionada de imagens de satélite e do método Mapping Evapotranspiration at High Resolution and With Internalized Calibration (METRIC), que é uma variação do método Surface Energy Balance Algorithm for Land (SEBAL), e da utilização de técnicas de geoprocessamento, as mudanças ocorridas na cobertura vegetal e na temperatura de superfície nos anos de 1986 e de 2010, no município de Santarém, no estado do Pará.
O processo de organização social do grupo agroecológico Herança Viva de Chapecó-SC e suas estratégias de ação conjunta
Authors: Klock Luiz Paulo Filho , Marini Marcos Junior , Godoy Wilson Itamar
Published: May 2019

O texto tem como objetivo, analisar o processo de organização social e ação conjunta realizado pelo Grupo Agroecológico Herança Viva do município de Chapecó/Santa Catarina. Para tal proposta foi adotada a opção metodológica da Pesquisa-ação. Para obter um melhor entendimento dos atores sociais e da organização social, foi utilizada a metodologia SWOT. No decorrer do trabalho, observa-se que o grupo aprimore suas dinâmicas de cooperação social/redes de relacionamento, e próprio papel político deste no que tange as políticas públicas que envolvam a agroecologia em Chapecó.
Measurement techniques of identifying and quantifying sulfur compounds in fog and cloud water
Authors: Dovrou Eleni , Lim Christopher Y. , Canagaratna Manjula R. , Kroll Jesse H. , Worsnop Douglas R. , Keutsch Frank N.
Published: May 2019

Abstract. Oxidation of sulfur dioxide (SO2) in the gas phase and in cloud and fog water leads to the formation of sulfate that contributes to ambient particulate matter (PM). For severe haze events with dim conditions, current models underestimate the levels of sulfate formation which occurs exclusively via the oxidation of sulfur dioxide. We show here that measurement techniques commonly used in the field to analyse PM composition can fail to efficiently separate sulfur-containing species resulting in possible misidentification of compounds. Hydroxymethanesulfonate (HMS), a sulfur(IV) species that can be present in fog and cloud water, has been largely neglected in both chemical models and field measurements of PM composition. As HMS is formed without oxidation it represents a pathway for SO2 to contribute to PM under dim conditions. In this work, we evaluate two techniques for specific quantification of HMS and sulfate in PM, Ion Chromatography (IC) and Aerosol Mass Spectrometry (AMS). In cases where the dominant sulfur-containing species are ammonium sulfate or HMS, differences in AMS fragmentation patterns can be used to identify HMS. However, the AMS quantification of HMS in complex ambient mixtures containing multiple inorganic and organic sulfur species is challenging due to the lack of unique organic fragments and variability of fractional contributions of HxSOy+ ions as a function of matrix. We describe an improved IC method that provides efficient separation of sulfate and HMS and thus allows identification and quantification of both. The results of this work provide a technical description of the efficiency and limitations of these techniques as well as a method that enables further studies of the contribution and role of S(IV) versus S(VI) species to PM under dim atmospheric conditions.
Efficient surrogate modeling methods for large-scale Earth system models based on machine-learning techniques
Authors: Lu Dan , Ricciuto Daniel
Published: May 2019

Abstract. Improving predictive understanding of Earth system variability and change
requires data–model integration. Efficient data–model integration for
complex models requires surrogate modeling to reduce model evaluation time.
However, building a surrogate of a large-scale Earth system model (ESM) with
many output variables is computationally intensive because it involves a
large number of expensive ESM simulations. In this effort, we propose an
efficient surrogate method capable of using a few ESM runs to build an
accurate and fast-to-evaluate surrogate system of model outputs over large
spatial and temporal domains. We first use singular value decomposition to
reduce the output dimensions and then use Bayesian optimization techniques to
generate an accurate neural network surrogate model based on limited ESM
simulation samples. Our machine-learning-based surrogate methods can build
and evaluate a large surrogate system of many variables quickly. Thus,
whenever the quantities of interest change, such as a different objective
function, a new site, and a longer simulation time, we can simply extract the
information of interest from the surrogate system without rebuilding new
surrogates, which significantly reduces computational efforts. We apply the
proposed method to a regional ecosystem model to approximate the relationship
between eight model parameters and 42 660 carbon flux outputs. Results
indicate that using only 20 model simulations, we can build an accurate
surrogate system of the 42 660 variables, wherein the consistency between
the surrogate prediction and actual model simulation is 0.93 and the mean
squared error is 0.02. This highly accurate and fast-to-evaluate surrogate
system will greatly enhance the computational efficiency of data–model
integration to improve predictions and advance our understanding of the Earth
system.
Sensitivity study on the main tidal constituents of the Gulf of Tonkin by using the frequency-domain tidal solver in T-UGOm
Authors: Piton Violaine , Herrmann Marine , Lyard Florent , Marsaleix Patrick , Duhaut Thomas , Allain Damien , Ouillon Sylvain
Published: May 2019

Abstract. Tidal dynamics consequences on hydro-sedimentary processes are a recurrent issue in estuarine and coastal processes studies and accurate tidal solutions are a prerequisite for modelling sediment transport, especially in macro-tidal regions. The motivation for the study presented in this publication is to implement and optimize the model configuration that will satisfy this prerequisite in the frame of a larger objective to study the sediment dynamics and fate in the Red River delta to the Gulf of Tonkin from a numerical hydrodynamical-sediment coupled model. Therefore we focus on the main tidal constituents to conduct sensitivity experiments on the bathymetry and bottom friction parameterization. The frequency-domain solver available in the hydrodynamic unstructured grid model T-UGOm has been used to reduce the computational cost and allow for wider parameter explorations. Tidal solutions obtained from the optimal configuration were evaluated from tide measurements derived from satellite altimetry and show a strong improvement (compared to pre-existing tidal atlases) due to an improved bathymetry dataset and fine friction parameters adjustment. However, our experiments seem to indicate that the solution error budget is still dominated by bathymetry errors, which is the most common limitation for accurate tidal modelling.
Landslide susceptibility mapping by using a geographic information system (GIS) along the China–Pakistan Economic Corridor (Karakoram Highway), Pakistan
Authors: Ali Sajid , Biermanns Peter , Haider Rashid , Reicherter Klaus
Published: May 2019

Abstract. The Karakoram Highway (KKH) is an important route,
which connects northern Pakistan with Western China. Presence of steep
slopes, active faults and seismic zones, sheared rock mass, and torrential
rainfall make the study area a unique geohazards laboratory. Since its
construction, landslides constitute an appreciable threat, having blocked the
KKH several times. Therefore, landslide susceptibility mapping was carried
out in this study to support highway authorities in maintaining smooth and
hazard-free travelling. Geological and geomorphological data were collected
and processed using a geographic information system (GIS) environment.
Different conditioning and triggering factors for landslide occurrences were
considered for preparation of the susceptibility map. These factors include
lithology, seismicity, rainfall intensity, faults, elevation, slope angle,
aspect, curvature, land cover and hydrology. According to spatial and
statistical analyses, active faults, seismicity and slope angle mainly
control the spatial distribution of landslides. Each controlling parameter
was assigned a numerical weight by utilizing the analytic hierarchy process
(AHP) method. Additionally, the weighted overlay method (WOL) was employed to
determine landslide susceptibility indices. As a result, the landslide
susceptibility map was produced. In the map, the KKH was subdivided into four
different susceptibility zones. Some sections of the highway fall into high
to very high susceptibility zones. According to results, active faults, slope
gradient, seismicity and lithology have a strong influence on landslide
events. Credibility of the map was validated by landslide density analysis
(LDA) and receiver operator characteristics (ROC), yielding a predictive
accuracy of 72 %, which is rated as satisfactory by previous researchers.
Measurement of specific surface area of fresh solid precipitation particles in heavy snowfall regions of Japan
Authors: Yamaguchi Satoru , Ishizaka Masaaki , Motoyoshi Hiroki , Nakai Sent , Vincent Vionnet , Aoki Teruo , Yamashita Katsuya , Hashimoto Akihiro , Hachikubo Akihiro
Published: May 2019

Abstract. In countries such as Japan, particular solid precipitation particles (PP) like unrimed PP and graupel sometimes form a weak layer in snow that subsequently triggers slab avalanches. It is therefore essential for avalanche prevention authorities to design a predictive model for slab avalanches triggered by weak PP layers. The specific surface area (SSA) is a parameter that could characterize the physical properties of PP. The SSAs of solid PP were measured for four winters (from 2013/2014–2016/2017) in Nagaoka, one of the heaviest snowfall-experiencing cities in Japan. More than 100 SSAs of PP were measured during the study period using the gas absorption method. The measured SSA values range from 42 to 153 m2 kg−1. PP under the melting condition show smaller values than that without melting. Unrimed and slightly rimed PP exhibited low SSA, whereas heavily rimed PP and graupel exhibited high SSA. The degree of riming depends on the synoptic meteorological conditions. Based on the potential of weak PP layer formation with respect to the degree of riming of PP, the results indicate that SSA is a useful parameter for describing the characteristics of PP to predict avalanches triggered by weak PP layers. The study found that the values of SSA strongly depend on wind speed (WS) and wet-bulb temperature (Tw) on the ground. SSA increases with increase in WS, and decreases with increase in Tw. Using WS and Tw, an equation to empirically estimate the SSA of fresh PP in Nagaoka was established. The equation successfully reproduced the fluctuation of SSA. The SSA equation, with the meteorological data, is an efficient first step toward describing the development of weak PP layers in the snow cover models.
Editorial
Authors: Scaduto Alessandro Antonio
Published: May 2019

Editorial do volume 23 da Revista Interação em Psicologia
Cotesia flavipes Cameron (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) alters the nutrients in the hemolymph, fat body, and cytochemistry of Diatraea flavipennella Box (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) hemocytes
Authors: Passos Eliana Maria dos , Wanderley-Teixeira Valéria , Porto Ana Lucia Figueiredo , Marques Edmilson Jacinto , Teixeira Álvaro Aguiar Coelho , Silva Flávio Silva Oliveira
Published: May 2019

Nutritional and physiological interactions depend on the evolutionary history of the host-parasitoid interaction considering that the host’s regulation by the parasitoid is species-specific. Cotesia flavipes Cameron was introduced in Brazil in the 70’s to be used in the control of Diatraea sugarcane borer complex; however, Diatraea flavipennella Box is restricted to Brazil. Thus, this study investigated the possible nutritional changes in the hemolymph and fat body, and cytochemistry of D. flavipennella hemocytes parasitized by Cotesia flavipes. The levels of nutrients were quantified using colorimetric tests in the hemolymph and fat body. Levels of acidic polysaccharides, mucin, and lipids were investigated only in hemocytes using cytochemical techniques. In addition, histological sections of parasitized and non-parasitized caterpillars were prepared to observe volume changes and the presence of glycogen in the fat body. The results showed a reduction in protein and lipid concentration in the hemolymph of parasitized caterpillars. The parasitism reduced the levels of total carbohydrate, glycogen, and protein in the fat body and almost completely consumed the perivisceral fat body. It changed the cytochemistry of hemocytes and reduced acidic glycans in prohemocytes and oenocytoids, mucin in plasmatocytes and granulocytes, and lipids in adipohemocytes, granulocytes, and prohemocytes. We concluded that the presence of the parasitoid leads to different changes in D. flavipennella hemolymph and fat body and alters the cytochemistry of hemocytes causing a significant reduction in the reserve tissue. The results from this study contribute to consolidating the use of C. flavipes in biological control programs targeting D. flavipennella in sugarcane crops.
Histopathological alterations in the reproductive tract of male dogs with Canine Visceral Leishmaniasis
Authors: Barros Andrea Lantiere Correa de , Benites Ariane Pereira , Mateus Nathália Lopes Fontoura , Fernandes Carlos Eurico dos Santos
Published: May 2019

Dogs are considered the main domestic host of Leishmania infantum. The transmission between vertebrate hosts normally occurs during blood feeding of Lutzomyia sp., a genus of phlebotomine sand flies. However, other forms of transmission without a vector have been reported. Presence of amastigotes of Leishmania sp. in different organs can cause several pathologies depending on the immune status of the host and the parasite load. The aim of this study was to evaluate histopathological changes in the reproductive tract of male dogs. Samples of testes, epididymis, and prostate gland were collected from 70 animals that were grouped according to serology test results for visceral leishmaniasis and clinical symptoms. Three experimental groups were formed based on serological results and clinical presentation: asymptomatic, symptomatic and control. Prostatic changes were seen regardless of the serological results; however, the changes were more severe in symptomatic animals. In the testes and epididymis, lesions such as interstitial infiltrate, degeneration, and fibrosis were seen more frequently and were more severe in positive animals when compared to the control group. These results demonstrate that dogs infected with Leishmania sp. can develop nonspecific changes in the reproductive tract, which are more severe in symptomatic animals.
Seroepidemiology of leptospirosis and toxoplasmosis in equines in the northwest region of Paraná
Authors: Pacheco Filipe Corrêa , Bondezan Maria Augusta Dorigan , Pereira Ulisses de Pádua , Chiderolli Roberta Torres , Pretto-Giordano Lucienne Garcia , Navarro Italmar Teodorico , Oliveira Juliana Silva de , Matos Andressa Maria Rorato Nascimento de , Otutumi Luciana Kazue , Gonçalves Daniela Dib
Published: May 2019

Leptospirosis and toxoplasmosis are diseases that may affect man and domestic and wild animals. They also have wide geographical distributions and thus cause large public health issues. The objective of the current study was to conduct leptospirosis and toxoplasmosis seroepidemiology in horses used for animal traction in small rural propertiesof the municipality of Umuarama, in northwest region of the state of Paraná, Brazil. Blood samples were collected from 312 horses from 87 small farms. Microscopic agglutination tests (MAT) and indirect immunofluorescence (IIF) analysis were performed on sera to detect leptospirosis and toxoplasmosis, respectively. These were performed in conjunction with an epidemiological questionnaire. The MAT results included 180 (57.69%) samples that were considered reactive with titers between 100 and 12800 for one or more serovars. Thirty-three (10.57%) samples subjected to IIF were considered reactive, with titers ranging between 64 and 1024. From the analyzed variables, contact with wild animals (p= 0.012) and animal exchange between properties (p = 0.004) were associated with toxoplasma infection. The study revealed that horses in the northwestern region of Paraná were exposed to Leptospira spp. and Toxoplasma gondii, with an insignificant implication of the animals’ clinical condition; however, since it is possible for animals to transmit infection to other animals as well as humans via the intermittent shedding of leptospires through urine into the environment, it may be considered a problem of one health. As for the presence of T. gondii antibodies, these horses played the role of sentinel of the infection. Environmental sanitation measures, serological studies of herds, control of rodents and felids on properties, and the dissemination of information about these diseases are relevant for disease control at the study site.
Purified glycerin diets for broilers from 8 to 42 days old
Authors: Silva Mônica Calixto da , Vaz Roberta Gomes Marçal Vieira , Rodrigues Kênia Ferreira , Sousa Luciano Fernandes , Sousa Marilú Santos , Silva Gerson Fausto da , Fonseca Flávia Luzia Rodrigues , Ribeiro Mayara da Cruz , Campos Carla Fonseca Alves , Bezerra Latóya de Sousa
Published: May 2019

Aqui nós avaliamos a viabilidade da inclusão de glicerina purificada em dietas balanceadas para frangos de corte de 8 a 42 dias de idade. Para tanto, foram utilizados 160 fios de 8 dias de idade da linhagem Cobb 500®, distribuídos em delineamento inteiramente casualizado (CRD) com quatro tratamentos (0, 2, 4 e 6% de inclusão de glicerina purificada) e quatro repetições. de dez pássaros. Foram avaliados o consumo de ração, ganho de peso, rotação alimentar, peso final, biometria de coração, fígado, moela e intestino delgado, rendimento de carcaça, cortes especiais, coxa e sobrecoxa. de proteína e gordura. no músculo do peito.Os níveis de inclusão de glicerina purificaram nas dietas influenciaram (p <0,05) o ganho de peso, um peso alimentar eo peso de corte aos 42 dias, sem efeito (p> 0,05) sem consumo de ração (FI ). The same form, not much effect (p> 0. 05) nos income de carcaça e cortes especiais. Os níveis de inclusão de glicerina não são influenciados (p> 0,05) o peso relativo da moela, nem o peso e a duração do intestino delgado. No entanto, os níveis de inclusão de glicerina aumentaram os pesos do coração e do fígado (p <0,05).Os níveis de inclusão de glicerina purificada nas dietas não afetaram (p> 0,05) os valores de leveza (L *), vermelhidão (a *), amarelecimento (b *), pH ou proteína, mas aumentaram (p <0,05) a deposição de gordura no músculo do peito. Com base em nossos achados, propomos que a inclusão de 6% de glicerina purificada em dietas é tecnicamente viável para frangos de corte de 8 a 42 dias de idade. os níveis de inclusão de glicerina purificada afetaram os pesos relativos do coração e do fígado (p <0,05). Os níveis de inclusão de glicerina purificada nas dietas não afetaram (p> 0,05) os valores de leveza (L *), vermelhidão (a *), amarelecimento (b *), pH ou proteína, mas aumentaram (p <0,05) a deposição de gordura no músculo do peito. Com base em nossos achados, propomos que a inclusão de 6% de glicerina purificada em dietas é tecnicamente viável para frangos de corte de 8 a 42 dias de idade. os níveis de inclusão de glicerina foram relacionados com o peso do coração e do fígado (p <0,05). Os níveis de inclusão de glicerina purificados nas dietas não afetaram (p> 0,05) os valores de leveza (L *), vermelhidão (a *), amarelecimento (b *), pH ou proteína, mas aumentaram (p <0, 05) a deposição de gordura no peito. Com base em nossos achados, propomos que a inclusão de 6% de glicerina purificada em dietas é tecnicamente viável para frangos de corte de 8 a 42 dias de idade.
Management of natural pasture increases native and exotic herbaceous biomass and biodiversity in the Caatinga of Brazil
Authors: Conrado Jefte Arnon de Almeida , Cavalcante Ana Clara Rodrigues , Tonucci Rafael Gonçalves , Saldanha Alan Rocha , Cândido Magno José Duarte
Published: May 2019

The objective of this study was to evaluate the ability of savanna thinning and enrichment with grasses to maintain local biodiversity and intensify biomass production in an area of Caatinga. The study was carried out in a Caatinga area thinned into savanna and an unmanipulated area during the rainy and rainy-dry transition seasons of 2016. The herbaceous biomass production, diversity, and equability of the thinned and unmanipulated areas were evaluated by calculating values of the Shannon-Weaver (H?) and Pielou (J?) indices. The establishment of massai and buffel grasses in the savanna-thinned area was also evaluated. The area thinned into savanna produced more native herbaceous forage biomass in both the rainy (1,940.55 kg ha-1) and rainy-dry transition seasons (1,918.55 kg ha-1) than that in the unmanipulated area in the same periods (78.42 and 37.40 kg ha-1, respectively), without compromising biodiversity, as the Shannon-Weaver and Pielou indices for the savanna-thinned area (H? = 1.48 and J? = 0.62, respectively) and for the unmanipulated area (H? = 1.29 and J? = 0.72) were comparable. The frequency of species with a known forage value in the area thinned into savanna was still able to increase by 141% in the rainy season and 1,700% in the rainy-dry transition season. Massai grass became better-established in the savanna-thinned area that buffel grass, where it produced up to 3 t of dry matter ha-1. The thinning and enrichment treatments promoted an increase in the biodiversity of the area, and moreover contributed to increases in forage biomass in the Caatinga.
Diet and breed alter community structures of rumen protozoa in cattle subjected to different feeding systems
Authors: Reis Cândida Camila dos , Maeda Emilyn Midori , Cedrola Franciane , Martins Elias Nunes , Paula Fabiana Matielo De , Martinele Isabel
Published: May 2019

The objective were to identify and quantify the rumen protozoa from two genetic groups of beef cattle (Nellore and crossbred European beef cattle) subjected to three feeding systems (pasture, pasture supplement, and confined). Samples of rumen contents were obtained from the center of the ruminal mass after slaughter. Quantification and identification of rumen protozoa were performed with a Sedgewick-Rafter counting chamber by optic microscopy. Data were analyzed using general linear analysis methodology with a Poisson distribution (1 %). In addition, the data underwent of Analisys Principal Component. A effect on ruminal protozoa was observed for the diets and breeds analyzed. Was identified 14 genera, among which Entodinium was predominant in all animals analyzed. Ciliates belonging to Entodiniomorphida, Eodinium, Epidinium, Eremoplastron, Eudiplodinium, Metadinium, and Ostracodinium showed highest density in Nellore animals when compared with the crossbreed, Nellore × European. Larger numbers of protozoa from the family Isotrichidae (Dasytricha and Isotricha) were observed in animals maintained by pasture or pasture supplement feeding. According to the kind of feeding, those fed exclusively with pasture had a greater diversity of ciliates in comparison to those restricted to, or supplemented with pasture. In one animal, the occurrence of ciliates belonging to the genus Buetschlia, was observed (prevalence of 1.66 %), which is one of only a few records of this genus in ruminants.
O SENTIDO DE “ECONOMIA POPULAR”: A ORIGEM DO ANTITRUSTE NO BRASIL NOS ANOS 1930
Authors: Cabral Mário André Machado
Published: May 2019

O trabalho tem como objetivo compreender o sentido de “economia popular” no contexto da primeira lei nacional com conteúdo antitruste, o Decreto-Lei nº 869, de 18 de novembro de 1938 (Lei de Crimes contra a Economia Popular). O problema identificado diz respeito à insuficiência e à imprecisão da doutrina concorrencial sobre a economia popular. Justifica-se a pesquisa em razão da importância do conceito de economia popular para a formulação do antitruste no Brasil. A hipótese é de que economia popular pode ser traduzida por bem-estar econômico da coletividade, relacionando-se a duas preocupações da época: preços e abastecimento. A metodologia tem por base a pesquisa bibliográfica e da jurisprudência do órgão responsável pela aplicação da lei, o Tribunal de Segurança Nacional. Como resultado, confirma-se a hipótese e demonstra-se a continuidade da ideia de fomento da economia popular. A conclusão aponta, entre outros aspectos, a necessidade de localizar historicamente o sentido de economia popular.
A RESERVA DE CARGOS E EMPREGOS PÚBLICOS PARA AS PESSOAS COM DEFICIÊNCIA COMO ESTRATÉGIA CONSTITUCIONAL RUMO À IGUALDADE CONCRETA
Authors: Lôbo Edilene , Teixeira Bruno Martins
Published: May 2019

O presente artigo indaga acerca da concretização do direito constitucional que trata da reserva de cargos e empregos públicos para as pessoas com deficiência, partindo da importância histórica das ações afirmativas nesse campo, perquirindo a valorização da igualdade na práxis. Também é objetivo verificar o acesso dessas pessoas ao mercado de trabalho, questionando os entraves que o sistema econômico apresenta à referida inclusão. Por fim, examina como vem sendo efetivado o direito fundamental em tela. Norteado pelo referencial constitucional, cujo objetivo é erradicar a marginalização e a discriminação, utilizou-se o método dedutivo, com aplicação da técnica de pesquisa bibliográfica. Conclui-se, arrematando, que para além do aprimoramento da legislação ordinária e da incisiva atuação na capacitação dos destinatários dessa importante regra constitucional, há que se adotar novas práticas na Administração Pública, voltadas à valorização das habilidades de tais pessoas, sob fiscalização incessante dos órgãos competentes.
Intervenção precoce e a participação da família: relato de profissionais de APAES
Authors: Ferreira Tahena Silva , Falcão Alessandra Pereira , De Oliveira Ana Paula , Rolim Rodrigues Olga Maria Piazentin , Pereira Veronica Aparecida
Published: May 2019

O presente estudo teve por objetivo descrever, a partir do relato de diferentes profissionais, como é a participação da família em serviços de Intervenção Precoce (IP) oferecidos por Associações de Pais e Amigos dos Excepcionais (APAEs) do Estado de São Paulo, investigar quais ações essas instituições promovem para a integração desse público em seus atendimentos e se há continuidade das intervenções no ambiente domiciliar. Participaram vinte e três profissionais de diferentes áreas de atuação atuando como responsável pelo serviço de IP de 22 APAES do estado de São Paulo. Os profissionais responderam um questionário online para coleta de dados sociodemográficos e informações referentes à participação das famílias no serviço de IP que versavam sobre: principais atividades/funções executadas pela família na IP; quais familiares participam da IP; a frequência dos atendimentos oferecidos; o perfil das famílias participantes; as dificuldades identificadas para a continuidade das intervenções propostas e os resultados desse serviço. Os resultados apontaram que os profissionais valorizam a participação da família e atribuem a essa participação o progresso da criança. Todavia, para 67% o atendimento à família é feito quando os profissionais identificam necessidades específicas da criança. O não envolvimento familiar é atribuído ao pouco tempo que a família dispõe para a realização do que foi orientado pelos profissionais. Tais resultados provavelmente se devem pelo atendimento não se caracterizar como centrado na família. Para futuros estudos sugere-se investigar um maior número de instituições que realizam o processo de IP cujos resultados podem confirmar ou não os obtidos neste estudo.
Pensando a inclusão que temos para tecer a inclusão que queremos: refletindo sobre a (re)orientação político-pedagógica do PME de Itaguaí/RJ
Authors: Andrade Patrícia Ferreira de , Damasceno Allan Rocha
Published: May 2019

Este artigo tem como objeto de investigação o Plano Municipal de Educação de Itaguaí/RJ, que foi reformulado no ano de 2015, com validade até o ano de 2025. Para tal, tomando conhecimento da relevância do PME (2015) de Itaguaí, no que se refere a (re)orientação da educação do Município, este estudo teve como objetivo pesquisar/problematizar qual (re)orientação inclusiva está instituída para o atendimento pedagógico e educacional dos estudantes público-alvo da Educação Especial do Município. Neste sentido, como procedimento metodológico realizamos análise documental que consistiu na reflexão acerca do vigente Plano Municipal de Educação de Itaguaí. A concepção metodológica desta pesquisa se fundamenta na indissociabilidade entre teoria e método posta na Teoria Crítica da educação. O pensamento de Theodor Adorno subsidiou nossas análises, assim como as reflexões de Damasceno e Costa, comentadores de seu pensamento. Identificamos que o PME (2015) representa uma significativa conquista para a educação do Município, pois apresenta disposições político-pedagógicas que colaboram com a inclusão escolar de estudantes público-alvo da Educação Especial. Assim, torna-se urgente que o instituído no PME (2015) se implemente na esfera instituinte dos movimentos democráticos desta rede de ensino.
Habilidades sociais e empoderamento de pais de crianças pré-escolares do público-alvo da educação especial
Authors: Aragon Carmelina Aparecida , Costa Carolina Severino Lopes da , Cia Fabiana
Published: May 2019

A família considerada o primeiro contexto social ao qual o indivíduo é inserido logo ao nascer, é responsável pela transmissão de valores que influenciam no desenvolvimento infantil. Em relação às pessoas com deficiências, os pais exercerão um papel de protagonismo na procura por profissionais e serviços que trabalharão com essas crianças, por esta razão é de extrema importância que disponham de habilidades interpessoais para realizar com sucesso tais funções. Desse modo, o presente estudo teve por objetivo caracterizar o repertório de habilidades sociais e o empoderamento de familiares de pré-escolares do Público-Alvo da Educação Especial (PAEE) e correlacionar as variáveis. Participaram 35 pais de crianças pré-escolares com diferentes condições especiais. Os mesmos responderam à Escala de Empoderamento Familiar e ao Inventário de Habilidades Sociais. Os resultados mostraram que os pais se autoavaliaram de forma muito positiva com relação ao empoderamento, mas houve grande discrepância de avaliação com relação ao próprio repertório de habilidades sociais. Além disso, os dados indicaram correlação positiva entre a escala de ‘Conhecimento’ (Empoderamento) e a de ‘Autocontrole da agressividade’ (Habilidades sociais). Sugere-se que novas pesquisas sejam realizadas para identificar classes de habilidades sociais relevantes que contribuam para empoderamento de pais de crianças do PAEE.
Altas habilidades/superdotação na perspectiva da inclusão escolar: experiências fenomenológicas a partir da implementação de diretrizes municipais
Authors: Fraga Maria Amelia Barcellos , Gomes Vitor
Published: May 2019

Com o advento dos estudos acerca da inteligência e, consequentemente, de modelos e políticas educacionais para identificação e atendimento de educandos nas altas habilidades/superdotação (AH/SD), este artigo tem como objetivo apresentar, por meio de um relato da experiência do vivido (HOLANDA, 2003), contribuições do método fenomenológico no processo de implantação e implementação de diretrizes operacionais de uma rede municipal de ensino, para identificação e encaminhamento de educandos a projetos de enriquecimento curricular nas AH/SD, no atendimento educacional especializado (AEE). As diversas formas de identificação das AH/SD têm sido amplamente discutidas na literatura científica. Os resultados desses estudos compreendem as AH/SD como um fenômeno multidimensional, incluindo atributos que vão além do âmbito intelectual. Certas visões restritas ao campo educacional foram substituídas por outras, em aspectos multidimensionais, que envolvem Biologia, Psicologia, emoções e o social/histórico/cultural (ZAIA; NAKANO; PEIXOTO, 2018). O método fenomenológico, a partir de sua perspectiva humanista, pode contribuir significativamente na potencialização das habilidades nos indivíduos com AH/SD e, fundamentalmente, no olhar do professor especializado para além da lógica psicométrica ou instrumentalizadora e, por conseguinte, pode realizar um trabalho permeado pela lógica compreensiva da pessoa com AH/SD dentro de perspectivas favorecedoras de seu empoderamento, bem estar e inclusão escolar. Nesse processo, deve prevalecer o pertencimento da pessoa, transcendendo o exclusivo desenvolvimento e/ou a potencialização de suas habilidades.
Ensino de habilidades rítmicas para meninos com Transtorno do Espectro do Autismo
Authors: Asnis Valéria Peres , Arantes Ana , Elias Nassim Chamel
Published: May 2019

Crianças são diagnosticadas com Transtorno do Espectro do Autismo (TEA) quando apresentam déficits na comunicação e interação sociais e comportamentos e interesses restritos e repetitivos. Estudos afirmam que usar estratégias adequadas para o ensino de música para pessoas com TEA pode colaborar para um ambiente propício à aprendizagem musical, desenvolvimento de comportamentos sociais adequados e diminuições de comportamentos inadequados. Este trabalho teve como objetivo verificar os efeitos do uso de reforçamento diferencial e esvanecimento de dicas no aprendizado de habilidades rítmicas ao tocar instrumentos musicais na presença de cantigas de roda com quatro meninos com idades entre oito e 12 anos diagnosticados com TEA e se o engajamento nas atividades musicais levaria à redução de comportamentos inadequados e aumento de comportamentos adequados. Foi utilizado um delineamento de linha de base múltipla entre repertórios musicais, em que o participante foi ensinado a tocar um instrumento musical acompanhando um ritmo pré-estabelecido. Os resultados indicam que todos os participantes aprenderam a resposta ao pulso musical e generalizaram para todas as cantigas deste estudo. Este estudo corroborou outros estudos que indicam a efetividade de atividades musicais como ferramenta para desenvolver e ampliar comportamentos adequados e diminuir aqueles socialmente inadequados.
VELASCO, Juan Carlos (2016): El azar de las fronteras. Políticas migratorias, ciudadanía y justicia, México: FCE.
Authors: Fernández-Jardón Francisco
Published: May 2019

Reseña del libro: Velasco, Juan Carlos (2016): El azar de las fronteras. Políticas migratorias, ciudadanía y justicia, México: FCE.
A multimodal discourse analysis of positioning and identity work in a leadership development practice.
Authors: Bager Ann Starbæk
Published: May 2019

The paper shows an example of how interaction in a leadership development forum can be analyzed from a narrative-in-use perspective through a combined dialogicality and small story analysis strategy. This entails that a multimodal discourse analysis is conducted of the positioning and identity work accomplished in a research- and dialogue-based leadership development forum in a university setting. A micro-generic positioning analysis of the participants’ small story efforts is combined with an analysis of dialogicality involving other-orientation to show how storytelling takes place and how opposing discourses within organization and leadership studies co-emerge in multimodal interaction. Among other things the analysis shows how different sociomaterial interactional setups shape identity work in situ. The research contributes to the emerging study of organizational dialogical and narrative practices up close. It emphasizes both the broad (Discursive) and the local (discursive) dimensions together with sociomaterial aspects of discourse and storytelling, which are increasingly pursued and recommended within the fields of narrative, dialogue, and discourse studies.
Complexity of human walking: the attractor complexity index is sensitive to gait synchronization with visual and auditory cues
Authors: Terrier Philippe
Published: May 2019

Background. During steady walking, gait parameters fluctuate from one stride to another with complex fractal patterns and long-range statistical persistence. When a metronome is used to pace the gait (sensorimotor synchronization), long-range persistence is replaced by stochastic oscillations (anti-persistence). Fractal patterns present in gait fluctuations are most often analyzed using detrended fluctuation analysis (DFA). This method requires the use of a discrete times series, such as intervals between consecutive heel strikes, as an input. Recently, a new nonlinear method, the attractor complexity index (ACI), has been shown to respond to complexity changes like DFA. But in contrast to DFA, ACI can be applied to continuous signals, such as body accelerations. The aim of this study was to further compare DFA and ACI in a treadmill experiment that induced complexity changes through sensorimotor synchronization. Methods. Thirty-six healthy adults walked 30 minutes on an instrumented treadmill under three conditions: no cueing, auditory cueing (metronome walking), and visual cueing (stepping stones). The center-of-pressure trajectory was discretized into time series of gait parameters, after which a complexity index (scaling exponent alpha) was computed via DFA. Continuous pressure position signals were used to compute the ACI. Correlations between ACI and DFA were then analyzed. The predictive ability of DFA and ACI to differentiate between cueing and no-cueing conditions was assessed using regularized logistic regressions and areas under the receiver operating characteristic curves (AUROC). Results. DFA and ACI were both significantly different among the cueing conditions. DFA and ACI were correlated (Pearson’s r = 0.78). Logistic regressions showed that DFA and ACI could differentiate between cueing/no cueing conditions with a high degree of confidence (AUROC = 1.0 and 0.96, respectively). Conclusion. Both DFA and ACI responded similarly to changes in cueing conditions and had comparable predictive power. This support the assumption that ACI could be used instead of DFA to assess the long-range complexity of continuous gait signals.
Non-selective inhibition of inappropriate motor-tendencies during response-conflict by a fronto-subthalamic mechanism
Authors: Wessel Jan R , Waller Darcy A , Greenlee Jeremy DW
Published: May 2019

To effectively interact with their environment, humans must often select actions from multiple incompatible options. Existing theories propose that during motoric response-conflict, inappropriate motor activity is actively (and perhaps non-selectively) suppressed by an inhibitory fronto-basal ganglia mechanism. We here tested this theory across three experiments. First, using scalp-EEG, we found that both outright action-stopping and response-conflict during action-selection invoke low-frequency activity of a common fronto-central source, whose activity relates to trial-by-trial behavioral indices of inhibition in both tasks. Second, using simultaneous intracranial recordings from the basal ganglia and motor cortex, we found that response-conflict increases the influence of the subthalamic nucleus on M1-representations of incorrect response-tendencies. Finally, using transcranial magnetic stimulation, we found that during the same time period when conflict-related STN-to-M1 communication is increased, cortico-spinal excitability is broadly suppressed. Together, these findings demonstrate that fronto-basal ganglia networks buttress action-selection under response-conflict by rapidly and non-selectively net-inhibiting inappropriate motor tendencies.
An acquired scaffolding function of the DNAJ-PKAc fusion contributes to oncogenic signaling in fibrolamellar carcinoma
Authors: Turnham Rigney E , Smith F Donelson , Kenerson Heidi L , Omar Mitchell H , Golkowski Martin , Garcia Irvin , Bauer Renay , Lau Ho-Tak , Sullivan Kevin M , Langeberg Lorene K , Ong Shao-En , Riehle Kimberly J , Yeung Raymond S , Scott John D
Published: May 2019

Fibrolamellar carcinoma (FLC) is a rare liver cancer. FLCs uniquely produce DNAJ-PKAc, a chimeric enzyme consisting of a chaperonin-binding domain fused to the Cα subunit of protein kinase A. Biochemical analyses of clinical samples reveal that a unique property of this fusion enzyme is the ability to recruit heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70). This cellular chaperonin is frequently up-regulated in cancers. Gene-editing of mouse hepatocytes generated disease-relevant AML12DNAJ-PKAc cell lines. Further analyses indicate that the proto-oncogene A-kinase anchoring protein-Lbc is up-regulated in FLC and functions to cluster DNAJ-PKAc/Hsp70 sub-complexes with a RAF-MEK-ERK kinase module. Drug screening reveals Hsp70 and MEK inhibitor combinations that selectively block proliferation of AML12DNAJ-PKAc cells. Phosphoproteomic profiling demonstrates that DNAJ-PKAc biases the signaling landscape toward ERK activation and engages downstream kinase cascades. Thus, the oncogenic action of DNAJ-PKAc involves an acquired scaffolding function that permits recruitment of Hsp70 and mobilization of local ERK signaling.
A terpene synthase-cytochrome P450 cluster in Dictyostelium discoideum produces a novel trisnorsesquiterpene
Authors: Chen Xinlu , Luck Katrin , Rabe Patrick , Dinh Christopher QD , Shaulsky Gad , Nelson David R , Gershenzon Jonathan , Dickschat Jeroen S , Köllner Tobias G , Chen Feng
Published: May 2019

Terpenoids are enormously diverse, but our knowledge of their biosynthesis and functions is limited. Here we report on a terpene synthase (DdTPS8)-cytochrome P450 (CYP521A1) gene cluster that produces a novel C12 trisnorsesquiterpene and affects the development of Dictyostelium discoideum. DdTPS8 catalyzes the formation of a sesquiterpene discoidol, which is undetectable from the volatile bouquet of wild type D. discoideum. Interestingly, a DdTPS8 knockout mutant lacks not only discoidol, but also a putative trisnorsesquiterpene. This compound was hypothesized to be derived from discoidol via cytochrome P450 (CYP)-catalyzed oxidative cleavage. CYP521A1, which is clustered with DdTPS8, was identified as a top candidate. Biochemical assays demonstrated that CYP521A1 catalyzes the conversion of discoidol to a novel trisnorsesquiterpene named discodiene. The DdTPS8 knockout mutant exhibited slow progression in development. This study points to the untapped diversity of natural products made by D. discoideum, which may have diverse roles in its development and chemical ecology.