bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Niche filtering, competition and species turnover in a metacommunity of freshwater molluscs
Authors: Dubart Maxime , Pointier Jean‐Pierre , Jarne Philippe , David Patrice
Published: August 2022

Metacommunity structure reflects the interplay of various processes, including niche filtering, extinction/colonization and interspecific interactions. Spatial patterns of species distributions are often analyzed to infer these processes. However, such inferences rely on often unrealistic equilibrium assumptions, and remain ambiguous, as different processes can produce similar patterns. Temporal data may improve these inferences. For example, stochastic species turnover may occur in local communities, while, on the long run, temporal changes are kept within limits set by locally available niches. Our objective is to explore how the joint analysis of spatial and temporal patterns can clarify the contribution of different processes to metacommunity structure. We recorded the occurrences of 21 freshwater mollusc species, and environmental data, in 250 sites over 17 successive years in a network of ponds in Guadeloupe (Lesser Antilles). We analyzed variation in α and β‐diversities in space and time, and used a joint‐species distribution mode to characterize species–environment and species–species relationships. Local communities showed pronounced temporal variation reflecting both imperfect species detection and true stochastic species turnover. On the long term however, local communities were largely controlled by niche filtering along two main environmental gradients, one driven by site connectivity, the other by hydrological stability and aquatic vegetation. Two gastropod clades, caenogastropods and pulmonates, showed contrasted spatio–temporal distributions resulting from different responses to these gradients, and these distributions seemed little altered by interspecific competition. Our study illustrates the benefit of using spatiotemporal metacommunity data to discern long‐term impacts of niche filtering and species interactions behind short‐term stochasticity.
The United States in Chinese environmental policy narratives: Is there a trump effect?
Authors: Ba Yuhao , Schwaeble Kathryn , Birkland Thomas
Published: August 2022

Drawing on insights from studies of environmental politics, the policy process, and the Narrative Policy Framework (NPF), this study examines the Trump administration's influence on how the United States is characterized by Chinese environmental policy scholars. Using an NPF approach and policy narratives on the topic of global environmental governance, our empirical results suggest that the Trump administration has shifted Chinese environmental policy scholars' constructed role of the US but not China's relationship with the US in these narratives. Specifically, there was a widening polarization of the US being portrayed as hero and villain over the sampled time frame (2010–2020) yet the portrayal of the US as an ally remained stable. These portrayals of the US also do not vary across narrators' knowledge and professional backgrounds. Our findings help confirm previous arguments that the Trump Administration's influence on environmental policy and politics in China is more rhetorical than substantive, and indicate that, despite the escalating rivalry between the two countries, Chinese environmental policy scholars continue viewing the US as an ally in global environmental governance. The findings likewise provide insights for rebuilding international climate cooperation and global climate governance leadership.
Going beyond poles of power to examine the poles: A review of racism/anti‐blackness in Poland
Authors: Greene Bryan Ladson
Published: August 2022

This article provides an overview of literature pertaining to anti‐blackness and racism in Poland. Much of the literature on anti‐blackness and racism in Europe has focused on certain hegemonic powers in Europe. This literature reviews seeks to add another country to explore the topic. The article first discusses how anti‐blackness conversations are formulated in general and then shifts to examine Poland, exploring how these conversations on immigration, economic issues and Islamophobia add to a broader discussion of Europe's problems with anti‐blackness more broadly. From here, the article examines and dismantles the notions that Poland is isolated from the African continent and that Poland's historical and contemporary population can be viewed as totally homogenous. Self‐identified Afro‐Poles are discussed as a focal population of Black Poles, showing that there are generational interactions between the African continent and Polish society in the last section. This review seeks to add a new case study into the discourse of anti‐blackness and racism in Europe. I argue that cases like Poland are valuable and necessary to develop fuller conceptualizations of anti‐blackness.
Welfare contracting with Chinese socialist characteristics: Experience of the Bohai Bay Economic Rim, Northern China
Authors: Mok Ka Ho , Wen Zhuoyi
Published: August 2022

This study is set out against the broader socio‐political economy context, in which China searches for better social governance to improve service delivery catering to the soaring demand on social care in the Bohai Bay Economic Rim (BBER). BBER is one of China's industrial bases and currently an emerging economic powerhouse in Northern China, rivalling the Pearl River Delta in the south and Yangtze River Delta in the east. On the bases of policy reviews and in‐depth interviews with government officials, social welfare experts, and managers and social workers of non‐governmental organisations (NGOs), this research contributes to an improved understanding of social governance reforms in China through the welfare contracting, development trends and implementation challenges and changing state–NGO relationships. Empirical data have shown that the success of governance reforms in the BBER area depends heavily on personal relationships rather than organisational reforms. Local officials have successfully maintained strong discretion and intervention through a top‐down and authoritarian approach in welfare contracting, whilst they allocated resources to a circle of acquaintances in the manner of market exchange but without the substance of competition.
Numerical Analysis and Experimental Verification on Flow Characteristics of a Pressurized Fluidized Bed System
Authors: Öner Burcu Ayşe , Bektaş Zeynep , Yılmaz Barış
Published: August 2022

The pressurized fluidized bed technology is recently shown to be a most promising technology for energy conversion and carbon capture. In the present work, two-phase flow characteristics of a laboratory-scale bubbling fluidized bed (BFB) system have been examined numerically under pressurized cold flow conditions. The BFB hydrodynamics is presented by axial pressure distributions and radial particle volume fractions. Moreover, the influence of drag models on minimum fluidization and bubble formation is studied using two different drag models, namely Wen-Yu/Ergun and EMMS–Yang, at both atmospheric and elevated pressure conditions. The numerical results are validated with a series of pressure drop and axial pressure measurements conducted at three different pressure conditions. The experimentally observed minimum fluidization velocity results are also compared with the theoretical correlations found in the literature. Good agreement has been found between experiments and numerical predictions.
Taxonomical classification of reef fish with broadband backscattering models and machine learning approaches
Authors: Roa Camilo , Pedersen Geir , Bollinger Michael , Taylor Christopher , Boswell Kevin M.
Published: August 2022

Commercially available broadband echosounders have the potential to classify acoustic targets based on their scattering responses, which are a function of their species-specific morphological and physiological properties. This is particularly important in complex environments with biologically diverse fish assemblages. Using theoretical acoustic scattering models among 130 fishes across six species, we examine the potential to classify reef fish based on the fine-scale gas-bearing swim bladder morphology quantified from three-dimensional computed-tomography models. Modeled echoes of the swim bladder for an incident broadband sound source (30–200 kHz) and across a range of orientation angles (±44°) are acoustically simulated using the boundary element method. Backscatter models present characteristics that are consistent within species and distinguishable among them. Broadband and multifrequency echoes are classified and compared with Bayesian, support vector machine, k-nearest neighbor, and convolutional neural network estimators. Classifiers have higher accuracies (>70%) when noise is not present and perform better when applied to broadband spectra than multifrequency data (42, 70, 100, 132, 160, 184 kHz). The modeling and classification approaches presented indicate that a taxonomic distinction based on morphologically dependent scattering responses is possible and may provide the capacity to acoustically discriminate among fish species.
Role of perceptual integration in pitch discrimination at high frequencies
Authors: Mehta Anahita H. , Oxenham Andrew J.
Published: August 2022

At very high frequencies, fundamental-frequency difference limens (F0DLs) for five-component harmonic complex tones can be better than predicted by optimal integration of information, assuming performance is limited by noise at the peripheral level, but are in line with predictions based on more central sources of noise. This study investigates whether there is a minimum number of harmonic components needed for such super-optimal integration effects and if harmonic range or inharmonicity affects this super-optimal integration. Results show super-optimal integration, even with two harmonic components and for most combinations of consecutive harmonic, but not inharmonic, components.
A Novel Oral GyrB/ParE Dual Binding Inhibitor Effective against Multidrug-Resistant
Neisseria gonorrhoeae
and Other High-Threat Pathogens
Authors: Park Steven , Russo Riccardo , Westfall Landon , Shrestha Riju , Zimmerman Matthew , Dartois Veronique , Kurepina Natalia , Kreiswirth Barry , Singleton Eric , Li Shao-Gang , Mittal Nisha , Ahn Yong-Mo , Bilotta Joseph , Connolly Kristie L. , Jerse Ann E. , Freundlich Joel S. , Perlin David S.
Published: August 2022

Drug-resistant
Neisseria gonorrhoeae
is a serious global health concern. New drugs are needed that can overcome existing drug resistance and limit the development of new resistances.
Barcoding Genetically Distinct Plasmodium falciparum Strains for Comparative Assessment of Fitness and Antimalarial Drug Resistance
Authors: Carrasquilla Manuela , Drammeh Ndey F. , Rawat Mukul , Sanderson Theo , Zenonos Zenon , Rayner Julian C. , Lee Marcus C. S.
Published: August 2022

The complex interplay between antimalarial resistance and parasite fitness has important implications for understanding the development and spread of drug resistance alleles and the impact of genetic background on transmission. One limitation with current methodologies to measure parasite fitness is the ability to scale this beyond simple head-to-head competition experiments between a wildtype control line and test line, with a need for a scalable approach that allows tracking of parasite growth in complex mixtures.
Draft Genome Sequence of Calonectria pteridis, the Causal Agent of Calonectria Leaf Blight on Eucalyptus
Authors: Queiroz Marcia F. , Santos Samuel A. , Vidigal Pedro M. P. , Morgan Túlio , Fernandes Fernando M. , Alfenas Rafael F. , Zarpelon Talyta G. , Alfenas Acelino C.
Published: August 2022

Here, we report the draft genome sequence of
Calonectria pteridis
, the causal agent of Calonectria leaf blight in eucalyptus plantations in Brazil. The 58,373,473-bp genome assembly consists of 1,167 scaffolds, with a GC content of 50.21%. These genomic data can contribute to future studies involving the biology, adaptability, and pathogenicity of
C. pteridis
.
Complete Genome Sequence of a Hyaluronate Lyase HysA- and HysB-Producing, Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Sequence Type 30, Staphylococcal Cassette Chromosome
mec
Type IVc Strain Isolated from Furunculosis in Japan
Authors: Koizumi Yuma , Hisatsune Junzo , Toyoda Atsushi , Yamasaki Osamu , Kaneko Jun , Sugai Motoyuki
Published: August 2022

We report the complete genome sequence of
Staphylococcus aureus
strain JP025, which was isolated from a furunculosis sample from a Japanese patient. The strain carried two hyaluronate lyase genes, JP025
hysA
and JP025
hysB
, on the chromosome and was classified as sequence type 30.
Supplemental Material: Relationship of organic carbon deposition in the Monterey Formation to the Monterey excursion event based on an updated chronostratigraphic framework of the Naples Beach section, California
Authors: Blake Gregg
Published: August 2022

Table S1: Additional biostratigraphic samples of the Monterey Formation from the Naples Beach Section 
Promoting psychosocial environments in Norwegian primary schools: a scoping review protocol exploring the roles and responsibilities of school social workers
Authors: Singstad Marianne Tevik , Røkenes Fredrik Mørk , Ekornes Stine Margrethe
Published: August 2022

Introduction

Early intervention by identifying children at risk and providing necessary support is vital to prevent stunted psychosocial development and mental health issues. In this regard, schools are important intervention arenas, reaching all students at a universal level. The need for enhanced efforts is well recognised in Norwegian policy documents, whereas school social workers can represent significant roles in supporting teachers with expanded knowledge on psychosocial factors, mental health and relevant interventions. Despite the clearly stated needs for interprofessional competence in school, limited research has been conducted, and there are no national standards or guidelines for school social workers’ practice. Thus, this scoping review’s overall objectives are to systematically map the existing research on social workers’ roles and responsibilities in Norwegian primary schools.

Methods and analysis

A scoping review will be conducted, using the methodological framework of Arksey and O’Malley. Four of their defined goals will be of significance: (1) examine the extent, range and nature of the research activity; (2) determine the value of undertaking a full systematic review; (3) summarise and disseminate research findings; (4) identify research gaps in the existing literature. Systematic searches will be conducted in relevant databases and search portals, including snowballing and manually searching reference lists. Publication language is restricted to English and Norwegian, the date range is from 1 January 2000 until 31 October 2022, and inclusion requires focus on social workers in a Norwegian primary school context. The data will be screened using the screening data extraction software Covidence. A thematic analysis of the literature will be carried out.

Ethics and dissemination

Ethical approval is not considered necessary as the aim of this scoping review is to investigate already published materials. Findings will be submitted as scientific papers and at conferences as part of the main project.
What are the effects of implementing patient-controlled admissions in inpatient care? A study protocol of a large-scale implementation and naturalistic evaluation for adult and adolescent patients with severe psychiatric conditions throughout Region Stockholm
Authors: Smitmanis Lyle Maria , Allenius Emelie , Salomonsson Sigrid , Björkdahl Anna , Strand Mattias , Flyckt Lena , Hellner Clara , Lundgren Tobias , Jayaram-Lindström Nitya , Rozental Alexander
Published: August 2022

Introduction

Patient-controlled admissions (PCAs) represent a change in psychiatric inpatient care where patients are allowed to decide for themselves when hospitalisation might be required. Prior research has demonstrated that PCA increase the number of admissions, but decrease days in inpatient care, while both the admissions to and days in involuntary care decrease. However, investigations have been restricted to specific patient groups and have not examined other possible benefits, such as effects on symptoms, quality of life and autonomy.

Methods and analysis

This study explores the implementation process and effects of PCA in Region Stockholm, who is currently introducing PCA for all patients with severe psychiatric conditions and extensive healthcare utilisation. In total, the study comprises approximately 45 inpatient wards, including child and adolescent psychiatry. In a naturalistic evaluation, patients assigned PCA will be followed up to 36 months, both with regard to hospitalisation rates and self-reported outcomes. In addition, qualitative studies will explore the experiences of patients, caregivers of adolescents and healthcare providers.

Ethics and dissemination

Approval has been granted by the Swedish Ethical Review Authority (Dnr: 2020-06498). The findings from this study will be disseminated via publications in international peer-reviewed journals, at scientific conferences, as part of two doctoral theses, and through the Swedish Partnership for Mental Health.

Trial registration number

NCT04862897.
Neoadjuvant immunotherapy of locoregionally advanced solid tumors
Authors: Tarhini Ahmad A , Eads Jennifer R , Moore Kathleen N , Tatard-Leitman Valerie , Wright John , Forde Patrick M , Ferris Robert L
Published: August 2022

Definitive management of locoregionally advanced solid tumors presents a major challenge and often consists of a combination of surgical, radiotherapeutic and systemic therapy approaches. Upfront surgical treatment with or without adjuvant radiotherapy carries the risks of significant morbidities and potential complications that could be lasting. In addition, these patients continue to have a high risk of local or distant disease relapse despite the use of standard adjuvant therapy. Preoperative neoadjuvant systemic therapy has the potential to significantly improve clinical outcomes, particularly in this era of expanding immunotherapeutic agents that have transformed the care of patients with metastatic/unresectable malignancies. Tremendous progress has been made with neoadjuvant immunotherapy in the treatment of several locoregionally advanced resectable solid tumors leading to ongoing phase 3 trials and change in clinical practice. The promise of neoadjuvant immunotherapy has been supported by the high pathologic tumor response rates in early trials as well as the durability of these responses making cure a more achievable potential outcome compared with other forms of systemic therapy. Furthermore, neoadjuvant studies allow the assessment of radiologic and pathological responses and the access to biospecimens before and during systemic therapy. Pathological responses may guide future treatment decisions, and biospecimens allow the conduct of mechanistic and biomarker studies that may guide future drug development. On behalf of the National Cancer Institute Early Drug Development Neoadjuvant Immunotherapy Working Group, this article summarizes the current state of neoadjuvant immunotherapy of solid tumors focusing primarily on locoregionally advanced melanoma, gynecologic malignancies, gastrointestinal malignancies, non-small cell lung cancer and head and neck cancer including recent advances and our expert recommendations related to future neoadjuvant trial designs and associated clinical and translational research questions.
ENDS advertising expenditures in English language media in the USA, 2015–2020
Authors: Welding Kevin , Marynak Kristy L , Trigger Sarah , Kelley Dannielle , Jewler Lena , Kennedy Ryan David
Published: August 2022

Background

Electronic nicotine delivery system (ENDS) advertising is associated with ENDS purchase and use. This study assessed trends in ENDS advertisement (ad) expenditures in the USA from 2015 to 2020 overall, by media channel and by advertiser.

Methods

Data came from Numerator, which conducts surveillance of ads and estimates expenditures. The estimates are dollars spent (adjusted to 2020) by the advertiser for each ad occurrence for print, radio, television and digital (online, mobile) media channels. ENDS ad expenditures were assessed by quarter, media channel and the top five advertisers based on ad occurrences.

Results

Overall ENDS ad expenditures increased from $38 million in 2015 to $217 million in 2019 before decreasing to a low of $22 million in 2020. By media channel, print expenditures led the channels with more than twice as much spent as television, four times more than radio and 10 times more than digital. By advertiser, JUUL led in ENDS ad expenditures from 2015 to 2020 with almost $189 million spent, followed by British American Tobacco (BAT, $105 million) and Imperial Tobacco ($62 million).

Conclusions

Overall ad expenditures were relatively stable from 2015 to mid-2018 when large expenditures by JUUL and subsequent expenditures by BAT and Imperial Tobacco led to expenditure highs in 2019. E-cigarette and vaping-associated lung injury (EVALI), the JUUL self-imposed ad suspension and COVID-19 likely all played a role in advertising lows in 2020. The absence of popular Puff Bar brand ads from the traditional media channels studied highlights the importance of monitoring direct and indirect advertising on newer media channels like social media.
Effects of non-standard interaction on microscopic black holes from ultra-high energy neutrinos
Authors: Alok Ashutosh Kumar , Sarkar Trisha , Yadav Shweta
Published: August 2022

If the universe has more than 4-dimensions, the TeV scale gravity theories predict formation of microscopic black holes due to interaction of ultra high energy neutrinos coming from some extragalactic origin with the nucleons present in the Earth’s atmosphere. The decay of these black holes can generate high multiplicity events which can be detected through neutrino telescopes. Ultra high energy neutrinos can also produce events without the formation of black holes which can be distinguished from the black hole events depending on their topological structure. In this work we study the effects of non-standard interaction on the production of these shower events. We find that new physics has inconsequential impact on the number of events produced through the generation of black holes. For events produced without the formation of black holes, new physics can only provide a marginal deviation. Therefore a large enhancement in the number of shower events over the standard model prediction can provide unambiguous signatures of TeV scale gravity in the form of microscopic black hole production.
Separating pigments and fillers from the polymer matrix in acrylic colors subjected to natural aging
Authors: Barni D. , Raimondo L. , Galli A. , Caglio S. , Mostoni S. , D’Arienzo M. , Martini M. , Sassella A.
Published: August 2022

Upon aging and exposure to ambient conditions, acrylic colors get dry and the degree of polymerization of the polymer matrix increases due to progressive cross-linking. When interested in studying acrylic colors, separation of the different components, namely matrix, pigments, and fillers, may be particularly useful for their identification and characterization. In the case of aged acrylic colors, as found in artworks themselves or in materials present in artist studios, the separation approaches requiring chemical treatments of fluid samples cannot be applied. To overcome this limit, here a controlled combustion strategy is developed for eliminating the polymer matrix from the color and then recovering a powder made of pigments and fillers, which is analyzed by optical spectroscopy and demonstrated to display the same chromatic/chemical properties of the original color. As a case study, the new method is successfully applied to acrylic colors used by the Italian artist Domenico “Ico” Parisi (1916–1996), found in the original tubes in his studio.
A Study on Chinese-English Machine Translation Based on Migration Learning and Neural Networks
Authors: Ying Fan
Published: August 2022

This paper constructs a neural machine translation model for Chinese and English using encoder feature extraction with migration learning, allowing the machine to automatically perform feature migration learning, transforming Chinese and English data into word vectors using a centralized representation, and using neural networks to achieve a direct mapping between Chinese and English languages. In this paper, we study the construction of a neural machine translation model by the neural network structure. Firstly, the neural machine translation model is constructed using the neural network structure, which is simplified based on the neural network structure and achieves good performance while reducing the training complexity. To address the problem that neural machine translation cannot make good use of linguistic knowledge, a neural machine translation model with lexical sequence information is proposed. Based on the translation model of a bidirectional neural network incorporating attention mechanism, syntactic analysis is performed to obtain lexical sequence information, and then it is incorporated into the encoder part of the translation model in the form of bidirectional encoding, and the background vector is formed together by vector splicing. To address the problem that the Chinese-English language sequences of any length in the encoder part are encoded into a fixed dimensional background vector, an attention mechanism is introduced to dynamically adjust the degree of influence of the context at the source language end on the target language sequences to improve the translation model’s ability to deal with long-distance dependencies. To better reflect the contextual information, this paper further proposes a machine translation model based on migration learning and neural network and conducts a comparative analysis for various translation models to verify the effectiveness of the model performance improvement.
Interior Individual Trajectory Simulation with Population Distribution Constraint
Authors: Shao Erzhuo , Han Zhenyu , Xie Yulai , Zhang Yang , Geng Lu , Li Yong
Published: August 2022

Individual trajectory generation plays an important role in simulation tasks, reconstructing fine-grained mobility behaviors that can be used to evaluate epidemic risks, congestion risks, or commercial profit. Previous research works adopt the Newton’s mechanic-based particle model as their core algorithm, such as the Social Force model. However, real-world human mobility behaviors hardly follow the particle models, especially in the interior scenes where interactions between pedestrians and environments matter. In this article, we propose a Social Force-based trajectory simulator for interior scenarios that improve both trajectory quality and generation speed for interior scenarios. First, we introduce prior scene knowledge to guide the generation process, where pedestrians are armed with exploration behaviors that follow the group-level distribution. It provides more flexibility to simulate complicated human behaviors rather than straight-line movements, generating high-quality individual trajectories. Experiments show that the correlation between the aggregated population distribution of generated trajectories and ground-truth distribution is improved by 11.84% by our method. Second, we optimize the algorithm procedure by introducing a caching mechanism for tenderized intermediate values, along with graph-processing-unit-based implementation. Compared with the baseline Social Force model, we reduced the time consumption by 95%. More importantly, based on our simulation paradigm, we quantitatively evaluate several common mobility interventions in our simulation scenario, which can shed light on better policy designs in public spaces.
FLAG: A Feedback-aware Local and Global Model for Heterogeneous Sequential Recommendation
Authors: He Mingkai , Lin Jing , Luo Jinwei , Pan Weike , Ming Zhong
Published: August 2022

Heterogeneous sequential recommendation that models sequences of items associated with more than one type of feedback such as examinations and purchases is an emerging topic in the research community, which is also an important problem in many real-world applications. Though there are some methods proposed to exploit different types of feedback in item sequences such as RLBL, RIB, and BINN, they are based on RNN and may not be very competitive in capturing users’ complex and dynamic preferences. And most existing advanced sequential recommendation methods such as the CNN- and attention-based methods are often designed for making use of item sequences with one single type of feedback, which thus can not be applied to the studied problem directly. As a response, we propose a novel feedback-aware local and global (FLAG) preference learning model for heterogeneous sequential recommendation. Our FLAG contains four modules, including (i) a local preference learning module for capturing a user’s short-term interest, which adopts a novel feedback-aware self-attention block to distinguish different types of feedback; (ii) a global preference learning module for modeling a user’s global preference; (iii) a local intention learning module, which takes a user’s real feedback in the next step, i.e., the user’s intention at the current step, as the query vector in a self-attention block to figure out the items that match the user’s intention well; and (iv) a prediction module for preference integration and final prediction. We then conduct extensive experiments on three public datasets and find that our FLAG significantly outperforms 13 very competitive baselines in terms of two commonly used ranking-oriented metrics in most cases. We also include ablation studies and sensitivity analysis of our FLAG to have more in-depth insights.
From the chair
Authors: Schuler Douglas
Published: August 2022

As the countless tendrils of digital computing continue their awesome encroachment into every nook and cranny of our existence, the job of SIGCAS, to consider the effects of computing on society and what actions might we do in relation to those, has grown astronomically --- should we choose to accept it.
From the chair
Authors: Schuler Douglas
Published: August 2022

For my From the Chair column this issue, I thought I'd use the Viability Report that we just submitted to the ACM Viability Advisor. Please feel free to contact me at chair_sigcas@acm.org.
Thinking like a lawyer
Authors: Blumenthal Johanna
Published: August 2022

It was a typical Friday morning. I had finished breakfast and moved on to my new practice of spending 15 minutes following a Shaolin breathing and movement exercise that I hoped would increase my flexibility and calm in my body. With just about 1 minute left in the routine it shifts to some massage movements. The first is to rub your hands to relax then from the particular poses they have been in. I started to rub my right hand with my left. All of a sudden, I had this eerie sensation that someone else was touching my hand and arm. I looked around. No one was in the room. The feeling persisted. I spoke aloud. "Stop it; your scaring me." I felt dizzy and nauseous. I went to grab the remote in order to turn off the TV. "What; it was right here a minute ago." At this point, I couldn't care about the TV. I decided I needed to lie down. I made my way up the first flight of stairs in our split-level house and for reasons that I could not articulate I felt uncertain that I could not make it upstairs. I called out tentatively to my husband who was working in the study and responded, "Is everything ok?". My response, "I don't know".
Improved Particle Swarm Optimization-Extreme Learning Machine Modeling Strategies for the Accurate Lithium-ion Battery State of Health Estimation and High-adaptability Remaining Useful Life Prediction
Authors: Zhang Chu-yan , Wang Shun-li , Yu Chun-mei , Xie Yan-xin , Fernandez Carlos
Published: August 2022

To ensure the secure and stable operation of lithium-ion batteries, the state of health (SOH) and the remaining useful life (RUL) are the critical state parameters of lithium-ion batteries, which need to be estimated precisely. A joint SOH and RUL estimation approach based on an improved Particle Swarm Optimization Extreme Learning Machine (PSO-ELM) is proposed in this paper. The approach adopts Pearson coefficients to screen multivariate information of the discharge process as health indicators and uses them as inputs to enable accurate estimation of SOH and RUL prediction of lithium-ion batteries on the basis of the PSO-ELM model. The validity of the model is demonstrated by the NASA lithium-ion battery data set: the maximum root mean square error (RMSE) of the SOH estimation of the tested battery is 0.0033, the maximum RMSE of its RUL prediction is 0.0082, and the maximum absolute error of RUL prediction is one cycle number. In comparison with the prediction results of the traditional extreme learning machine, the optimized model proposed in this paper estimates the SOH of lithium-ion batteries and RUL with relatively high accuracy.
In Situ Construction of Sodiophilic Alloy Interface Enabled Homogenous Na Nucleation and Deposition for Sodium Metal Anode
Authors: Liu Congyin , Xie Yangyang , Li Huangxu , Xu Jingyu , Zhang Zhian
Published: August 2022

The sodium (Na) metal anode is a desirable anode for the next-generation batteries because of its abundant resources and the high specific capacity. However, the poor cyclic stability hinders its practical application. In this study, we report a facile strategy of in situ constructing sodiophilic alloying sites for Na metal anodes by using zinc (Zn) foil as the current collector, which enables smooth and compact deposition morphology and excellent cyclic stability. The Zn current collector and the initial deposited Na generate a NaZn13 alloy interface, which can guide the subsequent plating/stripping behavior of Na. As a result, the Na metal anode with Zn current collector exhibits ultrahigh stability with Coulombic efficiency of 99.87% (over 450 cycles at 1 mA cm−2 for 1 mAh cm−2). Furthermore, the impressive capacity retention (98.5% after 40 cycles at 0.5 C) in Zn∣∣NVP (Na3V2(PO4)3) batteries suggests the anticipated application prospect of Zn current collector in anode-free Na metal batteries, which opens up a new way for the evolution of the next generation of safe and efficient Na metal anodes.
The Analytical Solutions of the Stochastic Fractional RKL Equation via Jacobi Elliptic Function Method
Authors: Al-Askar Farah M. , Mohammed Wael W.
Published: August 2022

This article considers the stochastic fractional Radhakrishnan-Kundu-Lakshmanan equation (SFRKLE), which is a higher order nonlinear Schrödinger equation with cubic nonlinear terms in Kerr law. To find novel elliptic, trigonometric, rational, and stochastic fractional solutions, the Jacobi elliptic function technique is applied. Due to the Radhakrishnan-Kundu-Lakshmanan equation’s importance in modeling the propagation of solitons along an optical fiber, the derived solutions are vital for characterizing a number of key physical processes. Additionally, to show the impact of multiplicative noise on these solutions, we employ MATLAB tools to present some of the collected solutions in 2D and 3D graphs. Finally, we demonstrate that multiplicative noise stabilizes the analytical solutions of SFRKLE at zero.
[Retracted] PRISM: A Novel Visual Instrument to Facilitate Self‐Reflection and Learning Progress in Undergraduate Dental Education
Authors: Schmalz Gerhard , Sensky Tom , Kullmann Henrike , Büchi Stefan , Ziebolz Dirk
Published: August 2022

Objectives. PRISM (Pictorial Representation of Illness and Self‐Measure) is a simple visual tool that has been successfully used as a visual metaphor in medicine. In this pilot study, PRISM was used for the first time to test its potential to support self‐reflection and expectations of learning in dental students. Methods. Dental student volunteers (25 3rd year, 10 4th year, and 10 5th year) participated. Using both quantitative and qualitative methods, PRISM interviews were compared with a numerical scale in assessing learning objectives concerning theoretical knowledge, practical skills, interest, and training need in the field of conservative dentistry. Results. Overall, 71% of total student group stated that they would draw personal consequences for their studies due to participating in the PRISM interviews. Compared to the numeric scales, PRISM was rated as more helpful regarding appraisal of students’ theoretical knowledge (p = 0.02), practical skills (p < 0.01), training needs (p < 0.01), importance of dental subspecialties (p < 0.01), and facilitating self‐reflection (p = 0.02). In focus groups, students commented that PRISM fostered the development of a trusting relationship with their teacher. Strengths of PRISM mentioned by the students included being able to observe and manipulate a visual summary of their individual learning needs and seeing their different learning needs in relation to one another. Conclusion. In this pilot study, dental students evaluated PRISM to be superior against numeric scales. Furthermore, it ameliorated the communication with teachers. The PRISM task is both simple and brief and warrants further exploration as a useful tool for self‐reflection in dental education.
Research on the Optimization of Automobile Plastic Front Frame Structure
Authors: Wang Lu , Tang Lingfeng , Wu Peng , CHEN Jiaqi
Published: August 2022

Plastic instead of steel technology is one of the important means of automotive lightweighting, which can greatly reduce the weight of the car while ensuring the same performance of the product. For the lightweighting of the automotive all-plastic front-end frame structure, the initial structural design of the front-end frame was carried out by HyperMesh; based on the compromise planning method and entropy weight method, the compromise planning method with weight coefficients was used to unify the planning of each subobjective to obtain the integrated response function, and the minimization of the integrated response function was the objective. The main considerations were the lock limit crash load, the cushion area load, and the pedestrian protection impact load under typical operating conditions, the shape optimization, and topology optimization, respectively. The mass of the sheet metal front-end frame was reduced from the original 10.5 kg to 6.8 kg—a weight reduction of 35.24%. The front-end frame was extracted and the mid-plane was repaired by HyperMesh, the complete mid-plane was meshed, loads and properties were added to the mesh, the front-end frame was subjected to static and modal analysis in the OptiStruct module, and the stiffness and intrinsic frequency were verified. The results show that the smallest first-order mode in the modal analysis is 57.38 Hz, which is much larger than the 30 Hz required before design. The fatigue analysis of the front-end frame was then performed using N-code to derive the damage results; it is concluded that its life is 6122 s, much larger than the specified 1200 s. Through the verification of the relevant resonance test, it is judged that the performance of the test part meets the actual requirements comprehensively by checking the status after the test.
M6A Modifier-Mediated Methylation Characterized by Diverse Prognosis, Tumor Microenvironment, and Immunotherapy Response in Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Liu Fei , Zhang Xinyue , Liu Ziyu , Cai Weiye , Song Chao , Jiang Yan , Yin Ji , Liu Zongchao , Huang Chenyi
Published: August 2022

Objective. Emerging evidence highlights the clinical implications of N6-methyladenosine (m6A) modification in HCC. Yet, the roles of m6A modification in modulating cancer immunity and shaping tumor microenvironment (TME) are undefined in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Methods. Here, m6A modification classification was determined for HCC through 23 m6A modifier levels by employing consensus clustering approach. Prognosis analysis was presented for comparing the differences in survival outcomes. The ssGSEA and ESTIMATE approaches were adopted for evaluating the abundances of tumor-infiltrating immune cell populations. The m6A scoring system was computed for reflecting m6A modification classification via PCA algorithm. Results. Three m6A modifier-mediated modification patterns were established among HCC specimens, which were characterized by different prognosis, signaling pathways, and TME features. After extracting m6A phenotype-associated DEGs, we determined m6A scores in individual HCC and stratified patients into high- and low-score groups. Patients with low m6A score displayed the survival advantage and higher sensitivity to gemcitabine. Moreover, those with low m6A score possessed the better anti-PD-1/PD-L1 therapeutic response in the IMvigor210 immunotherapy cohort. Conclusion. Our findings highlighted that m6A modification exerted a nonnegligible role in remodeling diverse and complex TME. Quantification of the m6A modification patterns of individual HCC may enhance the comprehension of TME features and facilitate immunotherapeutic plans.
Establishment and Validation for Predicting the Death of Multiple Myeloma among Whites
Authors: Tao Jian , Wang Ling , Zhang Liyu , Gu Zheyun , Zhou Xiaodan
Published: August 2022

The prognosis of multiple myeloma (MM) patients was poor in white-American patients as compared to black-American patients. This study aimed to predict the death of MM patients in whites based on the National Cancer Institute’s Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database. A total of 28,912 white MM patients were included in this study. Data were randomly divided into a training set and a test set (7 : 3). The random forest and 5-fold cross-validation were used for developing a prediction model. The performance of the model was determined by calculating the area under the curve (AUC) with 95% confidence interval (CI). MM patients in the death group had older age, higher proportion of tumor distant metastasis, bone marrow as the disease site, receiving radiotherapy, and lower proportion of receiving chemotherapy than that in the survival group (all

P
<
0.001

). The AUC of the random forest model in the training set and testing set was 0.741 (95% CI, 0.740–0.741) and 0.703 (95% CI, 0.703–0.704), respectively. In addition, the AUC of the age-based model was 0.688 (95% CI, 0.688–0.689) in the testing set. The results of the DeLong test indicated that the random forest model had better predictive effect than the age-based model (Z = 7.023,

P
<
0.001

). Further validation was performed based on age and marital status. The results presented that the random forest model was robust in different age and marital status. The random forest model had a good performance to predict the death risk of MM patients in whites.
In Vitro Antibacterial Potential against Multidrug-Resistant Salmonella, Cytotoxicity, and Acute Biochemical Effects in Mice of Annona muricata Leaf Extracts
Authors: Ngemenya Moses Njutain , Asongana Rodolph , Zofou Denis , Ndip Rita Ayuk , Itoe Lamson Ottotoh , Babiaka Smith Borakaeyabe
Published: August 2022

The treatment of Salmonella infections is threatened by multidrug resistance necessitating the search for alternative treatments, such as from medicinal plants. There are several reports on the antibacterial activity of Annona muricata. This study assessed the activity against multidrug-resistant (MDR) Salmonella and also the toxicity of the leaves of this plant. The hexane and methanol extracts of the leaves were screened against characterized MDR isolates by disc diffusion and microdilution methods. A cytotoxicity test was performed on monkey kidney epithelial cells; an acute toxicity test was conducted in BALB/c mice and the liver and kidney functions were assessed at the end of the test. Both extracts recorded weak activity in the disc test. Conversely, the extracts showed a wide range of activity against specific Salmonella isolates in the microdilution assay, and the lowest minimum inhibitory concentration value recorded was 0.0625 mg/mL. The hexane extract (ANOHEX) was not cytotoxic (CC50 = 57.7 µg/mL) and was also not toxic to the mice at 2000 mg/Kg bodyweight, while the methanol extract (ANOMET) was cytotoxic (CC50 = 18.44 µg/mL), and mortality was recorded at 2000 mg/Kg but not at 300 mg/Kg. There were no significant changes in biomarkers of the liver (alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase) and kidney (creatinine and urea) functions

P
>
0.05

, except for ANOHEX which significantly decreased creatinine

P
=
0.01

, in the test mice which was not considered a toxic effect. In conclusion, this study has demonstrated high bacteriostatic activity against MDR Salmonella and a low risk of toxicity of A. muricata leaves. Hence, the leaves are a potential alternative treatment for resistant Salmonella infection. The natural products should be further investigated in vitro and in vivo.
A Cell Differentiation Trajectory-Related Signature for Predicting the Prognosis of Lung Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Yang Fan , Zhao Yan , Huang Xiaohan , Zhang Jin , Zhang Ting
Published: August 2022

Objective. To screen the cell differentiation trajectory-related genes and build a cell differentiation trajectory-related signature for predicting the prognosis of lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD). Methods. LUAD single cell mRNA expression profile, TCGA-LUAD transcriptome data were obtained from GEO and TCGA databases. Single-cell RNA-seq data were used for cell clustering and pseudotime analysis after dimensionality reduction analysis, and the cell differentiation trajectory-related genes were acquired after differential expression analysis conducted between the main branches. Then, the consensus clustering analysis was carried out on TCGA-LUAD samples, and the GSEA analysis was performed, then the differences on the expression levels of immune checkpoint genes and immunotherapy response were compared among clusters. The prognostic model was constructed, and the GSE42127 dataset was used to validate. A nomogram evaluation model was used to predict prognosis. Results. Two subsets with distinct differentiation states were found after cell differentiation trajectory analysis. TCGA-LUAD samples were divided into two cell differentiation trajectory-related gene-based clusters, GSEA found that cluster 1 was significantly related to 20 pathways, cluster 2 was significantly enriched in three pathways, and it was also shown that clusters could better predict immune checkpoint gene expression and immunotherapy response. A six cell differentiation-related genes-based prognostic signature was constructed, and the patients in the high-risk group had poorer prognosis than those in the low-risk group. Moreover, a nomogram was constructed based on the prognostic signature and clinicopathological features, and this nomogram had strong predictive performance and high accuracy. Conclusion. The cell differentiation-related signature and the prognostic nomogram could accurately predict survival.
Analysis on the Pattern of County Carbon Emission Intensity and the Evolution of Influencing Factors in China Based on LMDI Model
Authors: Chen Yang
Published: August 2022

The global economy is deteriorating, and the problem of climate anomalies is becoming more prominent. Countries around the world are actively developing. The progress by leaps and bounds of China’s economy has brought huge environment, resources, and other problems, and the problem of carbon emissions is more prominent. Based on this, this paper studies the evolution analysis of county carbon emission intensity pattern. Based on the simple analysis of carbon emission research and the research progress of influencing factors, according to the economic development status, the counties in China are divided into four parts, the county carbon emission intensity analysis model is constructed, and the influencing factors are studied by using LMDI model. The results of empirical analysis show that the intensity of county carbon emissions in China has been growing, and there are many influencing factors. The increase of population and economy will lead to a certain level of carbon emissions.