bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Determination of mosquito diversity using 3D digital microscope in Cibinong district, Bogor Regency
Authors: Rizal Syaiful , Krishanti Ni Putu Ratna Ayu , Ramadhani Fathia
Published: March 2024

Bogor Regency is a suburban area with hilly topography and very wet tropical climate. In addition, there are still lot of bushes and the location is crossed by river basin. These conditions create an ideal habitat for mosquitoes, which are the deadliest animal in the world. Despite the high incidence of vector-borne diseases caused by mosquitoes in this area, the information regarding mosquito diversity in Cibinong District, Bogor Regency remains limited. The aim of this study is to determine mosquito diversity in Cibinong District, Bogor Regency. In this study, mosquitoes were collected using human landing catch and sweep nets. Then identification was performed using 3D digital microscope. The study’s findings revealed the presence of eight mosquito species from two genera: Aedes and Culex. In conclusion, this study provides valuable insights into the ecology and diversity of each collected mosquitoes.
Biodiversity of freshwater fish in Pangalengan District, Bandung, West Java
Authors: Mokodongan Daniel F. , Nurjirana  , Wahyudewantoro Gema , Rustiami Himma , Erlinawati Ina , Mahendra Taufik , Hernawati Rena T. , Mayangsari Ira D.
Published: March 2024

Java Island has about 132 freshwater fish species compared to the other major islands in the Sundaland region, such as Sumatra, which has about 589 species. This study aims to reveal and identify the diversity of freshwater fish around Pulosari Village, Pangalengan District. Exploration activities were conducted in river and lake habitats of Pangalengan District, Bandung Regency, West Java. Specimens were collected by authors and local fishermen using three fishing gears: gill nets, fishing rods, and fish scrappers. Immediately after collecting, fish were documented using a digital camera to obtain their original color. In this study, a total of 11 freshwater fish species belonging to 10 families were found. Some species are recognized as introduced fish.
Comparison of microscopic meat quality parameters in guinea pig [Cavia porcellus (Linnaeus, 1758)], broiler chicken, and local catfish as protein source
Authors: Nurmalia Sentono Diva , Aphrodita Adiva , Fitria Laksmindra
Published: March 2024

The amount of animal protein consumed determines the health status of individuals. Unfortunately, the rising demand for meat has resulted in a land shortage and exorbitant pricing. In Andean countries, guinea pigs (GP) have been raised for centuries as an inexpensive animal protein source like broiler chicken (BC) and local catfish (LC) in Indonesia. This study aimed to compare the meat quality of GP, BC, and LC based on their color and histomorphometry analysis. Samples were taken from the hind leg (GP), thigh (BC), and tail of frozen meats. After being observed visually to compare their color, samples were processed for histological preparation following routine procedure, fixed in NBF 10%, and stained with Hematoxylin-Eosin and Mallory Acid Fuchsin. Muscle cell size and collagen fibers were calculated. Results demonstrated that GP meat appeared red although all three meats are categorized as white meat. GP meat has the largest muscle cell size (87.7±10.9µm), indicated high content of protein. GP meat also has the most collagen fibers, affecting palatability. It can be concluded that GP meat is prospective to be developed as an alternative protein source. Another benefit is that the price of GP is affordable and requires less space to breed.
Jet grouting column measurement and soil assessment with electric measurements and cross-hole electric tomography
Authors: Saade Maria , Fourmy Julien , Fontanarava Olivier , Robert Simon , Ziaei Yekta Sina , Kouakam Kamdem Yannick-Franck
Published: March 2024

In the context of the construction of the new M3 Bordet-Albert metro line in Brussels, the new Tools Thielemans station will be built near the Gare du Midi. For this purpose, jet grouting work is planned at several sites. Hence, the control of the diameter of the jet grouting columns had to be done in parallel, in constrained conditions, such as, the geographical location in a historical building, the presence of 2m high cellars covering the area of interest, and the length of the columns (over 30 m). The only possible and most reliable methodologies were electric measurements in boreholes to image the reached diameter of the columns and cross-hole electric tomography for determining the electrical resistivities of the in-situ soils and identify heterogeneities in the medium for better parameterizing future jet grouting work.
The Hydrogeological Experimental Site of Poitiers: Hydrogeological versus geophysical investigations
Authors: Mari Jean Luc , Porel Gilles
Published: March 2024

The University of Poitiers (France) has a Hydrogeological Experimental Site (HES) built near the Campus for the sole purpose of providing facilities to develop long-term monitoring and experiments investigating the water and mass transfer processes. The site has been investigated by conventional hydrogeological surveys including flow and temperature measurements, pumping and slug tests. The site was also subjected to geophysical investigations both in surface (3D seismic) and in wells (vertical seismic profile (PSV) and acoustic logging). The paper presents an overview of the different field experiments and shows their relative contribution to knowledge of the karstified Dogger limestones of the Poitou threshold.
A Review on Biomaterials for Neural Interfaces: Enhancing Brain-Machine Interfaces
Authors: Ramesh B , R J Anandhi , Arun Vanya , Singla Atul , Chandra Pradeep Kumar , Sethi Vandana Arora , Abood Ahmed Salam
Published: March 2024

Biomaterials are essential to the development of neural interfaces, including brainmachine interfaces. Biomaterial methods improve neural interface functionality, compatibility, and longevity, enabling brain-device communication. An extensive investigation of biomaterials utilized in brain electrode arrays, neural probes, & implantable devices rely on how materials affect neural signals recording, stimulation, & tissue contact. It also investigates how biomaterials, bioelectronics and 3D printing could improve neural interfaces. Biomaterials modulate neuroinflammatory responses, enhance brain tissue regeneration, and promote neural interface longevity. This study shows the potential for change of biomaterial-based neural interfaces in neuroprosthetics, neurological rehabilitation, and fundamental neuroscience research, addressing the need for brain-machine relationship and neurotechnology innovation. These findings suggest expanding biomaterials research and development to advance and sustain neural interface technologies for future use.
The Future of Transportation Design: Balancing Aesthetics and Functionality in Autonomous Vehicles
Authors: Praveena K , Manjunatha  , Dutt Amit , Khan Irfan , Maan Preeti , Hussien Raghad Ahmed
Published: March 2024

This study examines the rapidly changing and competitive area of automobile design, with a particular focus on the introduction of autonomous vehicles. The study moves the focus of the conversation from conventional automotive design approaches to new, usercentric techniques which make use of the opportunities of autonomous technology. Moreover, it assesses the potential effects of different design choices on the experience of users, protection, and transportation within cities. Also, the research offers realistic viewpoints on the coming shifts and alterations in mobility design, predicting the significant effect of autonomous vehicles on both personal and social transportation models. When it comes to aesthetics, the recommendations for designing autonomous vehicles highlight finding an equilibrium between practicality and efficacy without compromising aesthetic appeal. Incorporating adaptable design characteristics that may be changed according to different user needs is advised, while also giving importance to ergonomics and simple designs that improve user interaction. Vehicle aerodynamics should be enhanced, and sustainable materials should be used if possible because these actions can help cut reduce emissions and energy use. In addition, the design process must take into account the integration of cutting-edge technology, including artificial intelligence and machine learning, to improve the vehicle's functionalities while verifying that aesthetic improvements have no impact on the vehicle's efficiency.
A Comprehensive Review of Electron Microscopy in Materials Science: Technological Advances and Applications
Authors: Agrawal Manoj , Prasad VVSH , Nijhawan Ginni , Jalal Sarah Salah , Rajalakshmi B , Dwivedi Shashi Prakash
Published: March 2024

In nanomaterials and microstructural evolution, electron microscopy has had an important effect on materials investigation. Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Energy-Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDS), Electron Diffraction, Operando Electron Microscopy, and Aberration-Corrected Electron Microscopy offer the investigation on understanding of nanoscale material properties and structure. The present research covers the basics, advantages and disadvantages, and material-related applications of various electron microscopy techniques. TEM is useful for investigating atomic arrangements and imperfections in materials, while SEM offers micro- to nanoscale topographical, morphological, & compositional information. EDS, frequently employed with SEM or TEM, analyzes elements and compounds to determine material compositions. Opando Electron Microscopy allows researchers to observe and assess materials during catalytic reactions and battery charge/discharge cycles. This approach is vital for knowing how dynamic processes influence nanoscale material characteristics and behaviour. Another advanced technique, Aberration-Corrected Electron Microscopy, corrects lens aberrations that interfered with electron microscope resolution. This adjustment enables imaging at sample-limited resolutions, allowing further studies of atomic structures & flaws. These electron microscopy methods significantly improve nanomaterial microstructural evolution understanding. These have enabled extensive study of flaws, transitions between phases, and formation mechanisms, which are essential to producing optimal materials.
Development of an efficient e-waste recycling and beneficiation method into separable precious metals
Authors: Nkhoma Richard , Ngonda Tiyamike , Mwale Vincent Dodoma , Falayi Thabo , Siyasiya Charles
Published: March 2024

The issue of e-waste recycling is the uncharted territory in in most developing countries with a full potential to be a source of secondary resources. Every year there are tonnes of electronic materials with precious metals in them that lie in the landfills as there are no economically viable methods to extract them. Many people have attempted to recover precious metals from e-waste and the challenge is to come up with a method that is fast, clean (environmentally friendly), cheap and safe. The aim of the research was to recover precious metals that are of high value such as gold using hydrometallurgical methods. To achieve the faster reaction rate, the process involved heating H2SO4 to about 70±10°C and then washing with water after using a 1:1 solution of water to HNO3 to get rid of other remaining metals. Afterwards, a 10:1 ratio of HCl to H2O2 was added in order to strip the components of gold. Precipitation of the gold solution was done using Na2S2O5 and left for 4 hrs to settle. The final result, after precipitating and drying , showed that with the devised method, it is possible to recover gold at a shortest possible period of 4 days.
Review of Multiscale Modeling and Simulation Techniques in Metal Forming, Bending, Welding, and Casting Processes for Enhanced Predictive Design and Analysis
Authors: K Gopal , Bhavana G , Kaushik Abhishek , Al-Jawahry Hassan M. , Gupta Lovi Raj , Pahwa Shilpa , Bandhu Din
Published: March 2024

Multiscale modeling and simulation offer crucial insights for designing and analyzing metal forming, bending, welding, and casting processes, all of which are vital across automotive, aerospace, and construction industries. This paper overviews multiscale techniques used in these areas. Macroscopically, continuum-based methods like finite element analysis (FEA) model the overall process and its impact on metal materials. FEA reveals deformation, stress distribution, and temperature changes during manufacturing processes. Mesoscale techniques, including crystal plasticity, phase field methods, and cellular automata, focus on microstructural evolution and mechanical properties. They model the behavior of grains and phases within the metal. These models combine macro and mesoscale data for accuracy. This allows for the prediction of grain growth, recrystallization, and phase transformations – critical for optimizing processes, refining component design, and ensuring quality. For example, multiscale modeling successfully captured microstructural evolution during casting (demonstrating ±2% average grain growth deviation) and predicted defect formation in welded joints with high accuracy (demonstrating a 0.95 correlation coefficient with non-destructive testing).
A Review of Numerical Simulation and Modeling in High Strain Rate Deformation Processes
Authors: Swamy Sujeeth , Usha P , Meheta Ankit , Al-Fatlawi Mohammed , Thethi H Pal , Pratap Bhishm , Bandhu Din
Published: March 2024

Numerical simulation and modeling play a crucial role in understanding and predicting the behavior of materials subjected to high strain rate deformation processes. These processes involve rapid deformation and loading rates, typically encountered in scenarios such as impact events, explosive detonations, metal forming, and crash simulations. By employing advanced computational techniques, researchers and engineers can gain insights into complex material behavior under extreme loading conditions. This paper provides an overview of numerical simulation and modeling approaches used in studying high-strain rate deformation processes. It discusses the challenges associated with capturing dynamic material response, the development of constitutive models, and the use of finite element analysis and computational fluid dynamics. The paper also highlights the importance of material characterization, model validation, and sensitivity analysis for accurate and reliable simulations. Additionally, it explores the application of numerical simulations in optimizing material properties, designing protective structures, and improving the performance of impact-resistant materials. Overall, this review paper emphasizes the significance of numerical simulation and modeling as powerful tools for advancing the understanding and design of high-strain rate deformation processes.
Real-Time Biomedical Imaging for Surgical Guidance: A Review of Challenges and Solutions
Authors: Alekhya V , Reddy Uma , Sobti Rajeev , Kumar Ashwani , Chauhan Shilpi , Ghani Ruqayyah Haider , Bandhu D
Published: March 2024

The domain of real-time biomedical imaging has seen remarkable technological advances, enhancing the efficacy of surgical interventions. This paper addresses the critical challenges associated with the implementation of real-time biomedical imaging systems for surgical guidance and discusses comprehensive solutions to mitigate these issues. It outlines the substantial computational demands for real-time processing and the necessity for high-fidelity image synthesis. The intricacies of integrating multimodal imaging data, ensuring minimal latency, and maintaining spatial accuracy for augmented reality applications are also examined. Solutions leveraging cutting-edge machine learning algorithms for image segmentation and enhancement, as well as the application of parallel processing architectures for expediting computational tasks, are presented. This manuscript also explores the potential of quantum computing paradigms in transcending conventional processing limitations. Also, the paper addresses the importance of interoperability standards for seamless integration of imaging systems in diverse surgical environments. It concludes with a discussion on the ethical implications and privacy considerations in deploying artificial intelligence in surgical settings. This paper highlights the importance of interdisciplinary innovations necessary for the advancement of real-time biomedical imaging for surgical guidance. The machine learning techniques such as CNNs, helps the trade-off with accuracy and computational speed. Whereas transfer learning procedures take 20 seconds and Federated Learning in 15 seconds represents the better performance.
A Review on Enhancing Accessibility Through Image and Video Processing: Solutions for Differently Abled Individuals
Authors: Anjimoon Shaik , B Swathi , Sobti Rajeev , Kumar Ashwani , Chauhan Shilpi , Ali Abdul-jabbar A. , Bandhu Din
Published: March 2024

This paper presents innovative methodologies in image and video processing aimed at augmenting accessibility for differently abled individuals. Central to this research is the development of advanced algorithms that enable enhanced interpretation and interaction with multimedia content, thereby empowering users with sensory impairments. The study introduces a multi-layered framework that integrates adaptive filtering, object recognition, and augmented reality, tailored to the needs of users with visual and auditory challenges. Semantic scene analysis is leveraged to provide descriptive audio annotations for the visually impaired, facilitating a comprehensive understanding of visual data. For individuals with hearing impairments, the system incorporates real-time sign language interpretation within videos, utilizing deep learning techniques. The efficacy of these solutions is measured against conventional accessibility tools, demonstrating significant improvements in user engagement and comprehension. A novel contribution of this research is the application of machine learning to calibrate the system according to individual user profiles, ensuring a personalized and intuitive user experience. The scalability of the proposed system is validated through its implementation across various platforms and content formats. The findings suggest that such technological advancements have the potential to significantly reduce the barriers faced by differently abled individuals in accessing multimedia information.
Integrating Augmented Reality in Architectural Design: A New Paradigm
Authors: Alekhya V , Jose Sujin , Lakhanpal Sorabh , Khan Irfan , Paul Surovi , Mohammad Q.
Published: March 2024

The explores into the significant impact of augmented reality (AR) within the domain of architectural. The research being conducted examines the transformative effect of augmented reality (AR) on the practice of architectural design, including the entire process from basic conceptualization through ultimate execution. The present investigation analyzes the utilization of augmented reality (AR) as an approach to enhance visualization, increase design accuracy, and ease client communication. This study discusses the advantages of augmented reality (AR) in facilitating the production of realistic and engaging design experiences. By using AR technology, designers are able to go past the restrictions presented by standard two-dimensional drawings and realistic models. The work addresses the challenges and obstacles linked to augmented reality (AR) technology, such equipment standards and technical knowledge. This article provides a comprehensive examination of current uses of augmented reality (AR) in architecture, utilizing a combination of mathematical modeling and practical case studies. Also, it analyzes the potential of AR to reshape the next phase of architectural design.
Optimization of bar soap extrusion process parameters through numerical modelling
Authors: Maina Amos , Tanui Josephat K. , Bayode Abiodun , Mwema F.M.
Published: March 2024

Mechanical soap plodders refine, homogenize, and compact soap. Processing pressure, screen mesh size, and L/D affect plodder capacity and soap quality. Grittiness, air bubbles, and poor surface finish hinder soap production. This study optimised soap plodder machine screw length, speed, and density to maximise pressure at low-temperature. Soap plodder FEM was made with ANSYS Polyflow software. The rheological and thermal properties of soap paste were measured with a rotational viscometer and transient hot wire. Viscosity, thermal conductivity, and heat capacity were 900 cps, 0.0449 W/m-K, and 17.29 J/Kg-K. A L9 Taguchi DOE was used for three screw speeds (20, 35, and 50 RPM), screw lengths (300, 550, and 800 mm), and soap product densities in FEM simulation. ANOVA and Taguchi optimization modelling were adopted for analysis. The ANOVA showed a positive correlation between extrudate pressure, screw length, speed, and density. Temperature was mostly density-dependent. Ideal conditions were 800 mm screw length, 50 RPM screw speed, and 900 kg/m3 material density. Response pressure was 4.3604 bar, temperature 315 K. The observed responses would optimize soap plodder pressure, improving refining, homogenization, and soap processing with small mesh screens. The low temperature eliminates the need for a cooling jacket, reducing construction and operating costs
A review on Machine Learning Enhanced Predictive Maintenance for Electric Vehicle Power Electronics: A Pathway to Improved Reliability and Longevity
Authors: Gupta Priyanka , A.B Gurulakshmi , Nijhawan Ginni , Praveen  , Tyagi Lalit Kumar , Hussien Raghad Ahmed
Published: March 2024

The emergence of electric vehicles (EVs) as a mainstream mode of transportation presents new challenges in the realm of power electronics, particularly concerning reliability and longevity. Power electronics are the cornerstone of EV performance, dictating efficiency, durability, and overall vehicle health. Traditional maintenance strategies fall short in addressing the dynamic operational demands and complex failure mechanisms inherent in EV power systems. This paper introduces a machine learning (ML)-enhanced predictive maintenance framework designed to revolutionize the upkeep of EV power electronics. By harnessing advanced ML algorithms, the framework predicts potential system failures and degradation patterns, enabling preemptive maintenance actions. A robust data-driven approach is employed, utilizing operational data and failure modes to train the predictive models. The efficacy of the proposed method is demonstrated through extensive simulation and real-world EV power system analyses, showcasing significant improvements in fault identification accuracy and maintenance scheduling optimization. The result is a substantial extension of component lifespan and a reduction in unplanned downtimes, propelling EV power electronics towards higher reliability standards. This work not only contributes a novel predictive maintenance methodology but also paves the way for adaptive maintenance regimes, tailored to the unique demands of EV power electronics systems in the pursuit of sustainable and resilient transportation solutions.
Women’s voices for the earth: Communication strategies of women candidates on environmental issues in the 2024 election
Authors: Mardhiah Ainol , Puspitasari Cindenia , Anismar  , Husniati Ade Muana , Fauzi
Published: March 2024

Environmental issues have become a major focus in political agendas, including the selection of legislative candidates. This research aims to understand the communication strategies of women legislative candidates in shaping political narratives related to environmental issues in Aceh ahead of the 2024 legislative elections. This includes analyzing the communication approaches used, such as through mass media, social media platforms, and direct meetings with voters. Methods: This study used a qualitative approach. Data were collected through interviews, observations, and content analysis of messages delivered by women legislative candidates through various communication channels. Results showed that women legislative candidates successfully used persuasive language to relate environmental issues to voters’ daily lives. Communication strategies included active participation in mass media, use of social media platforms, and direct meetings with voters. The narratives developed strengthened voters’ perceptions of the impact of environmental issues in the local context. This research shows that women in Aceh politics play an important role in shaping political messages related to the environment. Skillful communication strategies helped strengthen the relationship between women legislative candidates and voters, while the narratives created a deeper and more personal understanding of environmental issues.
Un pénétromètre à pointe contrôlé en force ou en déplacement pour une caractérisation étendue des sols
Authors: Hosseini-Sadrabadi Hamid , Volcy Sebastien , Chareyre Bruno , Dano Christophe , Sibille Luc , Riegel Pierre
Published: March 2024

Cette étude présente une méthode pénétrométrique novatrice utilisant un pénétromètre statique (CPT) équipé d’une pointe mécanique. L’objectif est d’évaluer les propriétés du sol, la sensibilité à la liquéfaction, en donnant la possibilité de réaliser les essais dans des conditions difficiles d’accès. Contrairement aux pénétromètres statiques traditionnels, cette méthode se concentre sur la résistance de pointe et utilise un chargement contrôlé en force ou en déplacement depuis la surface. Les essais expérimentaux ont été effectués avec un pénétromètre spécialement développé par le Groupe Equaterre, dans une chambre de calibration. Le massif de sable fin était soumis à une contrainte de confinement contrôlée. De plus, un modèle numérique basé sur la méthode des éléments discrets a été utilisé pour analyser les résultats. Les avantages de cette méthode péétrométrique incluent la possibilité d’évaluer la résistance de pointe, la rigidité du sol, et la détection in situ de la sensibilité à la liquéfaction, évitant ainsi les difficultés liées à l’échantillonnage dans les zones de faible cohésion et de faible compacité. En résumé, cette étude explore les possibilités offertes par cette méthode pénétrométrique innovante, tant sur le plan expérimental que numérique, en fournissant des informations précieuses sur les propriétés du sol et la susceptibilité à la liquéfaction.
Nouveau dispositif pour l’étude de la suffusion suivant différents états mécaniques
Authors: Marot Didier , Oli Bikram , Gelet Rachel , Bendahmane Fateh
Published: March 2024

Les instabilités et les ruptures que peuvent subir les digues et les barrages en remblais sont très majoritairement dues aux processus d’érosion externe (surverse) et d’érosion interne (renard hydraulique, érosion régressive, érosion de contact ou suffusion). Cette étude porte sur la suffusion qui peut mobiliser la fraction fine de sols pulvérulents ou faiblement cohésifs. Ce processus complexe combine trois mécanismes : le détachement, le transport et l’éventuelle filtration des particules fines. De nombreux critères ont été proposés dans littérature, pour caractériser la susceptibilité à la suffusion, en considérant uniquement la distribution granulométrique et éventuellement la densité du sol. Toutefois, plusieurs études ont montré que l’initiation et le développement de la suffusion dépendent aussi du chemin de chargement hydraulique. Par ailleurs, chacun des trois mécanismes susmentionnés dépend du chargement mécanique subi par le sol. Dans ce contexte, un dispositif expérimental a été développé afin de caractériser la sensibilité vis-à-vis de la suffusion, de quatre sols pulvérulents à distribution lacunaire (composé de sable et de gravier), en contrôlant l’état mécanique et le chemin de chargement hydraulique. Les essais sont réalisés à l’aide du banc triaxial dédié qui permet d’appliquer à l’échantillon (diamètre : 100 mm ; hauteur : 200 mm) un écoulement vertical descendant. La charge hydraulique appliquée est augmentée automatiquement, par faibles incréments et suivant le même chemin pour tous les essais. Les échantillons sont tous consolidés sous une même contrainte effective moyenne, mais la valeur du déviateur de contrainte est propre à chaque essai. Enfin des essais sont menés en conditions œdométriques. L’interprétation des évolutions de conductivité hydraulique et de taux d’érosion permet tout d’abord d’identifier 4 étapes successives : initiation, filtration, débourrage et état permanent caractérisant la fin du processus de suffusion. Chacune de ces étapes est ensuite étudiée à l’aide de différentes méthodes interprétatives. À la fin de chaque essai, les échantillons sont découpés en 4 couches afin de mesurer les évolutions de distribution granulométrique. Les résultats obtenus soulignent la présence d’écoulements préférentiels circonférentiels pour l’essai réalisé en conditions œdométriques, ce qui conduit à une légère surestimation de la sensibilité à la suffusion. En conditions triaxiales, l’influence sur la suffusion du déviateur de contrainte apparaît limitée, notamment en regard de l’influence du pourcentage de sable. Enfin la confrontation de ces résultats montre que contrairement à l’approche énergétique, l’approche en conductivité hydraulique ne permet pas de détecter toutes les étapes pour tous les essais.
Asymptomatic Leishmania infantum infection in dogs and dog owners in an endemic area in southeast France
Authors: Hide Mallorie , Michel Gregory , Legueult Kevin , Pin Raphaelle , Leonard Susana , Simon Loïc , Bañuls Anne-Laure , Delaunay Pascal , Marty Pierre , Pomares Christelle
Published: March 2024

The prevalence of asymptomatic leishmaniasis in dogs and their owners in the main endemic areas of France has not been studied to date. The objective of this study was to quantify asymptomatic Leishmania infantum infection in southeast France in healthy people and their dogs using molecular and serological screening techniques. We examined the presence of parasitic DNA using specific PCR targeting kinetoplast DNA (kDNA) and specific antibodies by serology (ELISA for dogs and Western blot for humans) among immunocompetent residents and their dogs in the Alpes-Maritimes. Results from 343 humans and 607 dogs were included. 46.9% (n = 161/343) of humans and 18.3% (n = 111/607) of dogs were PCR positive; 40.2% of humans (n = 138/343) and 9.9% of dogs (n = 60/607) were serology positive. Altogether, 66.2% of humans (n = 227) and 25.7% of dogs (n = 156) had positive serologies and/or positive PCR test results. Short-haired dogs were more frequently infected (71.8%, n = 112) than long-haired dogs (12.2%, n = 19) (p = 0.043). Dogs seemed to be more susceptible to asymptomatic infection according to their breed types (higher infection rates in scenthounds, gun dogs and herding dogs) (p = 0.04). The highest proportion of dogs and human asymptomatic infections was found in the Vence Region, corresponding to 28.2% (n = 20/71) of dogs and 70.5% (n = 31/44) of humans (4.5/100,000 people). In conclusion, the percentage of infections in asymptomatic humans is higher than in asymptomatic dogs in the studied endemic area. It is questionable whether asymptomatic infection in humans constitutes a risk factor for dogs.
Post–Pulmonary Embolism Syndrome: An Update Based on the Revised AWMF-S2k Guideline
Authors: Meyer F. Joachim , Opitz Christian
Published: March 2024

In survivors of acute pulmonary embolism (PE), the post-PE syndrome (PPES) may occur. In PPES, patients typically present with persisting or progressive dyspnea on exertion despite 3 months of therapeutic anticoagulation. Therefore, a structured follow-up is warranted to identify patients with chronic thromboembolic pulmonary disease (CTEPD) with normal pulmonary pressure or chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH). Both are currently understood as a dual vasculopathy, that is, secondary arterio- and arteriolopathy, affecting the large and medium-sized pulmonary arteries as well as the peripheral vessels (diameter < 50 µm). The follow-up algorithm after acute PE commences with identification of clinical symptoms and risk factors for CTEPH. If indicated, a stepwise performance of echocardiography, ventilation–perfusion scan (or alternative imaging), N-terminal prohormone of brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) level, cardiopulmonary exercise testing, and pulmonary artery catheterization with angiography should follow. CTEPH patients should be treated in a multidisciplinary center with adequate experience in the complex therapeutic options, comprising pulmonary endarterectomy, balloon pulmonary angioplasty, and pharmacological interventions.
Comparable Psychotropic Prescription Rates After Hospital Discharge
Between Patients with COVID-19 and Those With Non-COVID-19-Related Respiratory
Infection
Authors: Takahashi Yuna , Yatomi Taisuke , Yamaguchi Naohito , Yoshimura Kimio , Hori Satoko , Uchida Hiroyuki
Published: March 2024

Introduction Whether psychiatric symptoms after recovery from coronavirus
disease 2019 (COVID-19) are specific to this illness remains unclear.

Methods In this retrospective study, the Diagnosis Procedure Combination
data and outpatient clinic data were used for patients who received inpatient
treatment in Saiseikai-affiliated hospitals for COVID-19 or other respiratory
tract infections (non-COVID) from 2020 to 2022. The primary outcome was new
prescriptions of psychotropic drugs after discharge (i. e., prescriptions of
psychotropics to patients who had not received them before or during their
hospitalization). Values of interest were compared between groups using the
chi-square test or Fisher’s exact test. A COX proportional-hazards model was
used to examine factors associated with psychotropic prescriptions after
discharge in age- and sex-matched COVID-19 and non-COVID patients.

Results Of 31,993 chart records, 19,613 were excluded due to a positive
history with psychiatric disorders (n=2,445), prescriptions of psychotropics
(n=744), and no follow-ups (n=16,424). Thus, 3,648 COVID-19 and 8,732 non-COVID
patients were included (mean [range] duration of follow-up, days: 146.9 [1–727]
and 239.2 [1–729], respectively). Two hundred and four (5.6%) of the 3,648
patients with COVID-19 received psychotropic prescriptions after discharge. No
statistically significant differences were observed in the prescription rates of
any psychotropic category between the COVID-19 and non-COVID groups. An increase
in severity during hospitalization was significantly associated with more
frequent psychotropic prescriptions (hazard ratio 1.83, p<0.001).

Discussion The development of psychiatric symptoms should be closely
observed, especially in patients who experienced increased severity during
hospitalization, regardless of whether they suffered from COVID-19.
Feasibility and safety of a novel plastic stent designed specifically for endoscopic ultrasound-guided pancreatic duct drainage
Authors: Fukuda Soma , Hijioka Susumu , Nagashio Yoshikuni , Maruki Yuta , Ohba Akihiro , Agarie Daiki , Hagiwara Yuya , Hara Hidenobu , Okamoto Kohei , Yamashige Daiki , Yagi Shin , Kuwada Masaru , Chatto Mark , Kondo Shunsuke , Morizane Chigusa , Ueno Hideki , Saito Yutaka , Okusaka Takuji
Published: March 2024

Background and study aims Endoscopic ultrasound-guided pancreatic
duct drainage (EUS-PD) is emerging as an effective alternative treatment for obstructive
pancreatitis after unsuccessful endoscopic retrograde pancreatography (ERP). However, the high
incidence of adverse events associated with EUS-PD (approximately 20%) remains an issue.
Recently, we developed a novel plastic stent for EUS-PD, with a radiopaque marker positioned
at approximately one-third of the length from the distal end of the stent and side holes
positioned exclusively distal to the marker. This study aimed to evaluate the feasibility and
safety of using this stent in EUS-PD.

Patients and methods We retrospectively reviewed data from 10
patients who underwent EUS-PD with the novel plastic stent at the National Cancer Center
Hospital between March 2021 and October 2023. Technical and clinical success, procedure times,
adverse events (AEs), recurrent pancreatic duct obstruction (RPO), and time to RPO were
assessed.

Results Of the 10 patients, five had postoperative benign
pancreaticojejunal anastomotic strictures and five had malignant pancreatic duct obstruction.
The technical and clinical success rates were both 100% (10/10). An AE (self-limited abdominal
pain) occurred in one patient (10.0%). Two patients (20.0%) died of their primary disease
during the follow-up period (median, 44 days; range, 25–272 days). The incidence of RPO was
10.0% (1/10), and the 3-month non-RPO rate was 83.3%.

Conclusions The novel plastic stent shows potential as a useful
and safe tool in EUS-PD.
Effectiveness of Mediterranean Diet on Daytime Sleepiness among Individuals with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Oman
Authors: AlAufi Najwa Salim , Chan Yoke Mun , Chin Yit Siew , Ahmad Norliza , Mohd-Yusof Barakatun Nisak , Waly Mostafa I , Al Busaidi Noor , Al-Shuriqi Sulaiman , Al Amri Khadija , Al Bulushi Fatma , Al Bulushi Sajda
Published: March 2024

Background Sleep disturbance is a major complaint among individuals with diabetes mellitus and may be augmented by dietary interventions. The objective of this randomized controlled trial was to determine the effectiveness of a Mediterranean diet intervention on daytime sleepiness among individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in Oman.

Methods In total, 134 eligible individuals with T2DM (61 and 73 participants in the intervention and control groups, respectively) were recruited. The intervention participants underwent a 6-month Mediterranean diet intervention consisting of individual dietary counseling, cooking classes, phone calls, and social media messages, while the control group continued with standard diabetes care. Daytime sleepiness was assessed using the Epworth Sleepiness Scale. All data was analyzed using IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, version 26.0 (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY, USA).

Results Daytime sleepiness was evident, with ∼ 30% of the participants experiencing it, with no significant difference between control and intervention participants at baseline. There was a significant reduction in daytime sleepiness in both the intervention and control groups after 6 months, with daytime sleepiness significantly lower in the intervention group, with a modest difference of 42.56% (p < 0.001).

Conclusion Adherence to the Mediterranean diet is effective in reducing daytime sleepiness among individuals with T2DM.

Clinical Trial UMIN000041152
Assessment of Impact of Dietary Patterns on Obstructive Sleep Apnea Patients
Authors: Gunes Fatma Esra , Agan Kadriye , Aktac Sule , Karadeniz Derya , Sunter Gulin , Vural Ezgi , Benbir-Senel Gulcin
Published: March 2024

Objective Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) is characterized by episodic cessations of breathing due to upper airway obstruction during sleep, which may cause disturbances in dietary patterns resulting from appetite-related hormonal changes. The aim of the present study was to investigate the relationship between OSAS and nutritional and dietary patterns.

Materials and Methods A total of 20 female and 53 male OSAS patients aged > 30 years were enrolled. Demographic data, as well as data on smoking and alcohol habits, were noted, anthropometric measures were made, and a questionnaire regarding chronic diseases including OSAS and four questionnaires on recent food intake frequency and content of nutrition were filled out. The content of nutrition was noted under seven categories: meat, legumes, milk and dairy products, fruits and vegetables, bread and cereals, fat and carbohydrates, and beverages.

Results The severity of OSAS (assessed by the apnea-hypopnea index. AHI) was positively correlated with the body mass index (BMI), the circumferences of the waist, chest, and buttocks, and, in males, with the circumference of the neck as well. There was no correlation between the AHI and nutritional habits in terms of the frequency of meals or snacks, the scores on the Snoring, Tiredness, Observed Apnea, and High Blood Pressure-Body Mass Index, Age, Neck Circumference, and Gender (STOP-BANG) Questionnaire and the corresponding macro- and micronutrients. Worsening apnea scores led to increased intake of macronutrients of carbohydrate and protein and micronutrients of niacin and pyridoxine (p < 0.05), and decreased intake of fat (p < 0.05).

Conclusion The present study demonstrated an association between OSAS severity and recent food intake, manifested in increased intake of carbohydrates, niacin, and pyridoxine, and decreased fat intake.
Xylopia aethiopica Attenuates Oxidative Stress and Hepatorenal Damage in Testosterone Propionate-Induced Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia in Rats
Authors: Ibiam Udu A. , Uti Daniel E. , Ejeogo Chris C. , Orji Obasi U. , Aja Patrick M. , Nwamaka Ezeaani N. , Alum Esther U. , Chukwu Chukwuma , Aloke Chinyere , Itodo Matthew O. , Agada Samuel A. , Umoru Grace U. , Obeten Uket N. , Nwobodo Valentine O.G. , Nwadum Solomon K. , Udoudoh Mfon P.
Published: March 2024

Objectives Xylopia aethiopica (XAE), commonly known as African pepper or Ethiopian pepper, is a plant native to West Africa and known for its aromatic and medicinal properties. It was used to investigate the antioxidative, antihepatotoxic, and antinephrotoxic potentials of XAE in benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) in Wister albino rats.

Methods The proximate, and vitamin composition, oxidative stress indicators, and indices of kidney and hepatic functions were performed by standard methods.

Results The proximate composition of the XAE leaf showed varied concentrations of Mg, Ca, Na, Zn, Se, and Cl, as well as vitamins A, E, B3, D, C, K, B2, and Bi. The activities of catalase glutathione, superoxide dismutase, malondialdehyde levels, K, Na, Cl−, urea, uric acid, and creatinine in the kidney were increased in testosterone propionate (Tp)-induced BPH compared with the control groups. Total protein levels significantly decreased in Tp-induced BPH compared with XAE-treated groups increased on XAE treatment. The aspartate transaminase, alanine aminotransferase, and alkaline phosphatase activities were not significantly different in Tp-induced BPH, XAE, and normal controls.

Conclusion The study revealed that XAE can be used in the management of oxidative stress and hepatorenal damage in BPH condition.
Therapeutic Benefits of N-Acetylcysteine in the Management of Contrast-Induced Nephropathy
Authors: Velusamy Sivakumar , Parthasarathy Rama , Jayakumar Jessica , Parthiban Dharshini
Published: March 2024

Objective This study aimed to assess the beneficial effects of N-acetylcysteine (NAC) in the treatment of contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN).

Materials and Methods A prospective study was conducted in the department of cardiology of a tertiary health care hospital. A sample of 100 patients who had developed CIN through coronary angioplasty were categorized into two groups: one group treated with intravenous fluids (IVF) monotherapy and the other group treated with the combination of IVF and NAC therapy.

Statistical Analysis The data were analyzed using statistical software SPSS software version 26 and statistical significance was set at p < 0.05. Independent t-test and paired t-test were used to analyze the parameters.

Results The rate of incidence of CIN was found to be 10%. We observed that the IVF + NAC combination therapy significantly decreases the serum creatinine compared to IVF monotherapy (p = 0.004). Both therapies show similar treatment outcomes with no significant difference (p = 0.556) in the case of estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). Based on creatinine clearance, the results show adding NAC does not impact any additional benefits (p = 000). The duration of hospital stay of the NAC group was reduced significantly (p = 0.000).

Conclusion At present, we found that the treatment outcomes which we analyzed based on factors such as serum creatinine, eGFR, and creatinine clearance, are too inconsistent to conclude the beneficial effect of NAC in the management of CIN.
Prostate Carcinoma: Urologist's Perspective
Authors: Murugesan Anandan , S.M Gowtham
Published: March 2024

Prostate cancer management has undergone radical changes in recent times, due to early diagnosis in localized stage and availability of multiple treatment modalities. But the onus of selecting appropriate treatment rests with the urologist. Radiological investigations are immensely important in these patients. Measurement of prostate-specific antigen and its derivatives is the primary investigation in the diagnosis of prostate carcinoma. Ultrasonogram is of limited utility in prostate carcinoma. Magnetic resonance imaging provides extensive information to the treating physician regarding the approach and the treatment modality to be used in the management of prostate carcinoma. Radiological investigations are the cornerstones for efficient management of prostate carcinoma.
Anatomy of the Prostate Gland: Modalities and Techniques for Its Assessment
Authors: Mahadevan Gowtham S. , Arunachalam Venkatesh Kasi , Rajasekaran Sriman , Kashyap Ravindar , Gunasekaran Kannan , Thirumoorthi Suruthi
Published: March 2024

Prostate imaging is indispensable for the diagnosis and management of prostatic carcinoma and other prostate lesions. Understanding imaging anatomy is the basis for accurate diagnosis and standardized reporting of the prostatic lesions. In this article, we will discuss about general anatomy of the prostate, zonal anatomy, imaging techniques for its assessment, modality specific appearance of different zones of the prostate in detail.
The interactions of antiviral drugs and a phosphonium fluorescent dye with proteins as revealed by a multiple ligand simultaneous docking
Authors: Zhytniakivska O. A. , Tarabara U. K. , Vus K. O. , Trusova V. M. , Gorbenko G. P.
Published: March 2024

In the present study, the multiple ligands simultaneous docking technique was employed to explore the feasibility of developing the protein-based nanocarriers in which the therapeutic agents (antiviral drugs) will be combined with a visualizing agent (the phosphonium dye TDV). By varying both the protein (serum albumin, lyso-zyme, cytochrome c, insulin) and antiviral agent (favipiravir, molnupiravir, nirmatrelvir, ritonavir) components of the examined complexes it was demonstrated that in the albumin- and cytochrome c-containing systems the TDV and antiviral dyes occupy distinct binding sites on the protein molecule, exhibiting no interference with each other. It was found that the TDV propensity to reside within the same insulin cavity as the antiviral agent might hinder the drug’s release from the nanocarrier. Our results indicate that the most promising energetically stable protein-drug-TDV systems for developing protein-based nanocarriers with the examined antiviral drugs can be created on a basis of serum albumin.
IR and Raman markers of the interactions between MoS2 and pyrimidine bases
Authors: Piddubnyi T. , Stepanian S. , Karachevtsev V. , Adamowicz L.
Published: March 2024

Changes in vibrational spectra are among the most important manifestations of the interaction between transition metal dichalcogenides and nucleic acid bases (NAB). Infrared and Raman spectra were calculated using the DFT/M06-2X method for the most stable stacked and covalently bonded complexes of pyrimidine bases with MoS2. Obtained spectra were analyzed to determine the spectral markers of the interactions between the pyrimidine bases and MoS2. We found that interaction with MoS2 leads to significant changes in both frequencies and intensities of NAB vibrations. The correlation between the changes and interaction energies of the NAB molecules with MoS2 was demonstrated. In general, changes in the vibrational frequencies in complexes with covalent bonds are significantly greater than ones in stacked ones. For the bonded complexes, the most significant changes are observed for those fragments of the NAB molecules that are directly involved in the formation of the covalent bonds. Calculations predict the decrease of the IR intensity and Raman activities of the NAB molecules in the spectra of stacked complexes and their increase in the spectra of covalently bonded complexes.