bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Patient-Centered Strategies for Effective Communication During the Initial Audiological Consultation Sessions
Authors: Bellon-Harn Monica L. , Manchaiah Vinaya , Azios Jamie H.
Published: October 2019

Purpose

The article focuses on communication during initial audiology consultation sessions and written in two-fold. First, it provides an overview of audiological literature on communication between patients, their significant others, and audiologists. Second, it discusses patient-centered strategies for effective communication based on broader health care literature.

Method

A discussion was developed based on reviews of relevant literature.

Results

A recent literature review by
Manchaiah, Bellon-Harn, Dockens, Azios, and Harn (2019)
examined studies focusing on communication during initial audiology consultations. Five themes were highlighted: (a) interaction balance and reciprocity, (b) discussion of patient concerns and development of therapeutic alliance, (c) patient and family expressions of concerns, (d) audiologist response to patient and family expression of concerns, and (e) conversation patterns related to acceptance of treatment recommendations. Broader health care literature emphasizes some patient-centered strategies for effective communication, which include (a) focusing on patients' perspective, (b) building the therapeutic alliance, (c) attending to psychological consequences and concerns, and (d) understanding the power of turn in conversations.

Conclusions

Clinician–patient communication especially at initial consultation sessions is important in building a long-term relationship and will have bearing toward patient outcomes. It is essential for audiologists to adopt patient-centered strategies for effective communication, which makes patients comfortable and helps in building trust and positive therapeutic relationships.
Optimal DRPs selection using a non‐linear model based on load profile clustering
Authors: Moazzen Farid , Alikhani Majid , Parsa Moghaddam Mohsen , Gitizadeh Mohsen
Published: October 2019

In smart power system, effective methods have to be chosen to interact with consumers. Demand response programmes (DRPs) as the most effective way to interact with consumers have a variety of types that should be decided to be chosen and implemented according to consumer's behaviour. Power consumers are classified according to their behaviour and consumption. This classification consists of various clusters including residential, commercial, agricultural, industrial and public consumption. The consumers’ behaviour approach is classified by weighed fuzzy average K‐means clustering method. An accurate DRPs non‐linear model considering coefficient of participation is presented and applied to each cluster. The decision‐making indicators are determined and weighed using the entropy method. The aim is to prioritise the DRPs implementation in each cluster, which is done by the technique for order preference by similarity to ideal‐solution method. Finally, a case study is investigated on a real network and the impact of variables and factors on the priority of DRPs is discussed.
Image classification using SLIC superpixel and FAAGKFCM image segmentation
Authors: Kishorjit Singh Nongmeikapam , Johny Singh Ningthoujam , Kanan Kumar Wahengbam
Published: October 2019

Image classification is one of the popular fields for researchers in computer vision. This study highlights the use of simple linear iterative clustering (SLIC) superpixel in combination with fast and automatically adjustable Gaussian radial basis function kernel‐based fuzzy C‐means (FAAGKFCM) for image segmentation along with the deep learning techniques. Bag‐of‐feature with speeded up robust feature along with deep features are used for classification of 101 classes of the image and 256 classes of the image from Caltech 101, Caltech 256 and MIT 67 image datasets. The combination of SLIC superpixel with FAAGKFCM image segmentation acts as the pre‐processing step for image classification, which in turn provides a better result in the classification of images. This method has achieved an accuracy of 94% in Caltech 101 dataset, 85% in Caltech 256 dataset and 84% in MIT 67 dataset.
Analysis of GOOSE message and the engineering application for GOOSE message in the intelligent substation
Authors: Wang Shiming , Yang Fuyou , Yan Xu , Liu Tianze
Published: October 2019

Generic Object Oriented Substation Event (GOOSE) message reflects the transmission of information between many intelligent electronic devices, which is more reliable as original data. The communication Ethernet opaque also leads to a big problem of information extraction analysis, limiting the development of state maintenance and other techniques. This study describes the process equipment and the network transmission technology of the intelligent substation and analyses the specified message format of IEC61850. The study then compares it with the characteristics of the typical intelligent substation message and gives the analysis method and the meaning of each byte in the actual message frame, making the communication network in the process layer more transparent and giving a clear direction of information acquisitions and analysis. It also provides some reference meanings to the intelligent substation communication and the equipment status analysis.
The ESO supernovae type Ia progenitor survey (SPY)
Authors: Napiwotzki R. , Karl C. A. , Lisker T. , Catalán S. , Drechsel H. , Heber U. , Homeier D. , Koester D. , Leibundgut B. , Marsh T. R. , Moehler S. , Nelemans G. , Reimers D. , Renzini A. , Ströer A. , Yungelson L.
Published: October 2019

Close double degenerate binaries are one of the favoured progenitor channels for type Ia supernovae, but it is unclear how many suitable systems there are in the Galaxy. We report results of a large radial velocity survey for double degenerate (DD) binaries using the UVES spectrograph at the ESO VLT (ESO SN Ia Progenitor surveY – SPY). Exposures taken at different epochs are checked for radial velocity shifts indicating close binary systems. We observed 689 targets classified as DA white dwarfs (displaying hydrogen-rich atmospheres), of which 46 were found to possess a cool companion. We measured radial velocities (RV) of the remaining 643 DA white dwarfs. We managed to secure observations at two or more epochs for 625 targets, supplemented by eleven objects meeting our selection criteria from literature. The data reduction and analysis methods applied to the survey data are described in detail. The sample contains 39 double degenerate binaries, only four of which were previously known. Twenty are double-lined systems, in which features from both components are visible, the other 19 are single-lined binaries. We provide absolute RVs transformed to the heliocentric system suitable for kinematic studies. Our sample is large enough to sub-divide by mass: 16 out of 44 low mass targets (≤0.45 M⊙) are detected as DDs, while just 23 of the remaining 567 targets with multiple spectra and mass > 0.45 M⊙are double. The detected fraction amongst the low mass objects (36.4 ± 7.3%) is significantly higher than for the higher-mass, carbon-oxygen core dominated part of the sample (3.9 ± 0.8%), but it is much lower than expected from the detection efficiency for companion masses of 0.05 M⊙or higher and a 100% binary fraction. This suggests either companion stars of with a mass below 0.05 M⊙or some of the low mass white dwarfs are single.
Justification of the construction automated device for hydraulic removal of weeds in horticultural
Authors: Khort Dmitriy , Kutyrev Alexey , Filippov Rostislav
Published: October 2019

Currently, the search continues for efficient, low-energy, environmentally friendly technologies for the destruction of weeds. The practical application of an environmentally friendly method of removing weeds using high-pressure water jets is hampered by the lack of technical solutions to ensure compliance with the treatment regimes in field conditions. The article presents a device for the hydraulic removal of weeds for use in gardening. To comply with the treatment regimens when performing technological operations in the field, a system of adaptation of the spray head has been developed. The results of field studies of the developed device with the proposed automated adaptation system are given.
Criterial models of the stem separation process when harvesting rice
Authors: Primak V.N. , Tsarev Yu.A. , Popov A.Yu.
Published: October 2019

The problem of determining the influence of several major environmental factors on the value of grain losses during rice stem separation by a vibratory grain divider is considered. It makes it possible to establish the grain loss dependences upon varying the divider's parameters obtained for polynomial and criterial models, as well as enables to confirm the advantage and feasibility of using a vibratory grain divider on windrowers for rice harvesting. The criterion equations of the stem separation process by a vibratory grain divider are developed and the dependences of the change in the loss values behind the divider when cutting upright and lodged rice are obtained. They confirm the results of statistical studies, but to a greater extent illustrate information about the stem separation process. For this research, a classical theory of similarity and modeling was used, which made it possible to develop a model construction method taking into account physical and mechanical properties of plants when they are cut with windrowers on upright and lodged agricultural backgrounds with losses in the divider zone and under the windrow in the harvest field.
Explanation of the angle of sharpening of a plough cutting working body
Authors: Belousov Sergey V. , Saprykin Eugeny A. , Karmazin Ilya S.
Published: October 2019

The work is devoted to main tillage, namely the theoretical justification of the angle of sharpening of tillage working bodies. The article has a research character, which is expressed in the fact that the theoretical analysis of the method of determining the angle of sharpening of tillage working organs on the degree of gradual wear of working bodies. Also, the type of the proposed design is justified, its description and the flow of technological process are given. As a result of the work done, the theoretical dependence of the sharpening angle of the working bodies and the influence of the degree of wear on the traction resistance of the arable unit are obtained. The conclusions set out the main results achieved so far.
Theoretical research of process of separating tobacco leaf from stem
Authors: Papusha Sergey K. , Papusha Vladimir K. , Pestryakova Yulia A.
Published: October 2019

The article is devoted to tobacco leaves harvesting in per leaf way, using a roller-type separating device acting on object of harvesting with rolling cutter having cutting flanges forming leaf–separating cells in working area.The subject of these studies is highly specialized and relates to field of agricultural engineering. Tobacco plants were chosen as an object of processing. The aim of research was theoretical substantiation of the interaction of tobacco stems with leaf–separating device in process of harvesting.The article has a research character, which is expressed in fact that theoretical analysis of interaction of tobacco plant with leaf–separating of cutter–roller type in process of harvesting is carried out. In result of research there were obtained dependences that allow to determine constructive and technological parameters of separating device for separating tobacco leaf. Conclusions set out the main results achieved so far.
Development and justification of the parameters of the coulter group of grain drills
Authors: Kurushin Viktor , Kurdyumov Vladimir , Sharonov Ivan
Published: October 2019

The urgency of creation and use of resource-saving means of mechanization of agriculture is proved. Proposed grain drill, performing the sowing of grain crops on stubble background. Its use allows to sowseeds in the soil with minimum costs due to the reduction of the number of technological operations. The theoretical substantiation of the grain seeder, on the basis of which the optimal design and operating parameters are revealed, is carried out.
Separator design optimization for collecting the finely dispersed particles from the gas flows
Authors: Zinurov Vadim E. , Popkova Oksana S. , Nguyen Vu L.
Published: October 2019

This paper deals with the problem of gas flow purification from the finely dispersed particles, which is becoming significantly important nowadays due to the growth of production capacities. The authors developed a separator in order to solve this problem. This paper shows the design scheme of device and the principle of its operation. The authors studied the changes in the pressure losses within the device at different inlet rate of gas flow, as well as different parameters of finely dispersed particles: density and size. The studies show that in order to improve the quality of gas flow purification from the finely dispersed particles, it is necessary to increase the energy costs due to an increase in the pressure loses in the separator.
The study of the working body of a ridge seeder in laboratory settings
Authors: Zykin Evgeny , Albutov Sergey , Lazutkina Svetlana
Published: October 2019

The authors consider the design of a ridge seeder in the article, the practical implementation of which will allow the machine and tractor unit to perform pre-sowing cultivation for one pass, sowing seeds in a moist soil on a compacted bed, form a soil ridge of a required size over the seeds and roll it on three sides, finally forming the soil crest with a required size and density. The authors have also substantiated the design features and operation parameters of the working bodies of the ridge seeder.
Theoretical and experimental substantiation of the design parameters for the working body of a row cultivator
Authors: Zykin Evgeny , Lazutkina Svetlana
Published: October 2019

The authors of the article propose the design of a row cultivator, equipped with combined working bodies, which makes it possible to carry out inter-row weed control in one pass with full cultivation of the protective zones of grown crops. The soil drop distance and the distance between the flat discs located in the adjacent gangs of the row cultivator for thorough covering weed plants with a layer of soilwithout damage to cultivated plants have been substantiated theoretically.
Modeling of power and torque curves of a diesel at the design stage
Authors: Gots Alexander , Klevtsov Vladimir , Lyukhter Alexander
Published: October 2019

An external speed characteristics outlines the upper limit of the field of possible operating conditions of the engine. With its help, therefore, it is possible to judge the extreme values of the indicators and parameters of the engine when it is running at a specific speed of the crankshaft. It is at theexternal speed characteristics of the engine parts are subjected to the greatest mechanical and thermalloads, the maximum is also the smoke of the exhaust gases of diesel engines. This indicates the particular importance of techniques that allow to determine the performance of the engine in the modes of external speed characteristics. Get external speed characteristics when testing the engine on the test bench. However, this possibility is not always available, especially it is not at the design stage. When calculating the cycle, the engine performance is obtained in two modes – rated power and maximum torque. Therefore, the external speed characteristics, built by calculation is important at the stage of justification of the main indicators and parameters of the designed engine.
Features of environmental factors to ensure the environmental safety of urban planning complexes
Authors: Bespalov Vadim , Kotlyarova Ekaterina
Published: October 2019

The problem of integrated accounting of environmental factors to ensure the environmental safety of urban complexes is currently not fully resolved. To solve it, we propose to consider the factors of theurban environment at three main territorial levels: macro level, meso level and micro level. At the same time, those that are most important for the integrated consideration of environmental factors to ensure environmental safety at a specific level should be separately identified. In our opinion, further research in this direction should be based on the correct identification and detailed consideration of factors affecting the urban environment, followed by an assessment of impact levels. According to the results of the research stage, it can be concluded that the achievement of the environmental safety of theurban-planning territorial complexes is possible only with the improvement of the existing scientific and methodological base in the field of preliminary assessment of the level of environmental impacts andthe selection of appropriate measures. Undoubtedly, such an approach can bring closer the achievement of the global goal in the field of sustainable urban development, making a comprehensive assessment ofthe environmental impact of influencing factors more informative and accurate.
Environmental safety in the implementation of carbon dioxide geological storage technologies in the Donbass
Authors: Nedopekin Fedor , Shestavin Nikolay , Yurchenko Viktoriya
Published: October 2019

The Donbass has the largest potential in Europe for the geological storage of carbon dioxide (CO2), which needs to be implemented on a large scale to mitigate the effects of global climate change. The environmental risks of CO2 leaks in the processes of capturing, transporting and geological storage of CO2 at the enterprises of the energy and industrial sectors of the economy of the eastern regions of Ukraine are analyzed. Geographic information systems have been created in these areas with layers of geological structures suitable for long-term storage of supercritical CO2. The impact of CO2 leaks from geological repositories on the environment is estimated. In the proposed CO2 storage areas, some CO2 leakagescenarios were analyzed due to the filtering of CO2 fluids through porous rock layers, through abandoned wells and tectonic faults of the Donbas geological structures. The potential effects of CO2 leakage on groundwater quality in the region are also assessed.
The temperature effect on portland cement strength
Authors: Abzaev Yurii , Gnyrya Aleksei , Korobkov Sergei , Dudov Danil , Mihailov Dmitrii , Vodnev Bogdan
Published: October 2019

The paper presents the results of predictive modelling of the curing mechanism of the type CEM I 42.5B Portland cement using the VCCTL tool. The cement curing is studied during 28 days within the 0–99 оС temperature range. It is shown that the degree of Portland cement hydration is ~0.55 at 10 оС, and with the temperature increase the hydration process substantially intensifies. The hydration degree of 0.75 is achieved after 50 hours at a temperature over 90 оС. The VCCTL modelling is used to determine the quantitative content of the initial minerals and the main reaction products calcium silicate hydrate comprising C-S-H and portlandite (CH). Their total amount significantly grows during the indicated time period. In Portland cement, the amount of clinker minerals decreases, whereas the fraction of hydrated cement comprising C-S-H and CH achieves 0.70 of the solid phase and pore space. The temperature has a great effect on these processes. The pore space reduces with the increasing time and temperature. It is found that the effective elastic moduli of Portland cement rapidly grow during 400 hours and achieve the following values: 16.79 MPa for the bulk modulus, 8.90 MPa for the shear modulus and 22.69 MPa for Young’s modulus. The equivalence of the VCCTL modelling of cement curing is examined by a search for the correlation between the experimental values of the yield stress at 20, 40, 50 and 70 оС and Young’s modulus. With a high degree of reliability, this correlation matches the cubic function which is in agreement with the literature data.
Calculation of Dynamic Hardness by Molecular Dynamics
Authors: Bolesta Alexey
Published: October 2019

Based on the molecular-dynamic simulation of the impact of a solid ball on the surface of polycrystalline copper, a method for calculating the dynamic hardness of nanocrystalline materials is proposed. It is proposed to carry out the calculation of hardness by dividing the impact work by the squeezed volume. It is shown that this expression of dynamic hardness is consistent with Meyer hardness in the case of quasistatic indentation. As a result of this simulation, it is shown that under conditions when the diameter of the impactor decreases and approaches the crystal lattice constant of the target, the dynamic hardness increases. Also, in the calculations, the impactor density varied approximately twice, which was equal to the density of steel and the density of tungsten carbide. For a striker diameter of 5 nm, dynamic hardness increases with the speed of the striker and does not depend on its density.
The study of the dependence of mechanical properties and fracture of water-saturated high-strength concrete on the parameters of pore structure
Authors: Konovalenko Igor , Shilko Evgeny , Konovalenko Ivan
Published: October 2019

Based on the hybrid numerical method, namely, the hybrid method of movable cellular automata, we developed a computer-based two-scale mechanical model of heavy water-saturated concrete. The model takes into account the content of the liquid phase and its redistribution in networks of microscopic and capillary pores. The features of deformation and fracture of concrete samples under uniaxial compression were numerically studied in a wide range of variation of the macroscopic characteristics of the pore space, viscosity of an interstitial liquid and loading rate. Simulation results confirmed the possibility of a unified description of the dependence of the strength of heavy concrete on the sample permeability and size, fluid viscosity and the loading rate in terms of the complex dimensionless parameter that combines these characteristics.
Nucleation of twins and dislocations in V-Ti alloys under various straining conditions
Authors: Korchuganov Aleksandr , Kryzhevich Dmitrij , Zolnikov Konstantin
Published: October 2019

The features of plasticity nucleation in V-4Ti and V-16Ti crystallites under uniaxial tension and bilateral compression are studied. It is shown that the nucleation of plasticity in crystallites is associated with the formation of twins under uniaxial tension. During the development of plasticity, a screw dislocation cell structure is formed between twin plates. The strain and stress at which plasticity nucleates in the material decreases with increasing Ti concentration. It was found that the distribution pattern of Ti atoms in the initial structure has a significant effect on the elastic limit of the simulated crystallites. The plastic deformation of crystallites with 16% Ti under bilateral compression is realized only by the dislocation mechanism. This behavior of the material is due to the low value of the stress at the elastic limit, which is insufficient for the formation of twins.
Numerical simulation of stress-strain state of oblique sections of reinforced concrete structures subjected to compression and bending on yielding supports under short-term dynamic load
Authors: Mescheulov Nikita , Kumpyak Oleg
Published: October 2019

This research is aimed at studying the method for improving blast resistance of buildings and structures by using yielding supports. The paper reports the data on dynamic analysis of reinforced concrete elements subjected to compression and bending on yielding supports under the condition of elasto-plastic stress-strain state performed in ANSYS software package. Algorithms and techniques for dynamic amplification factor calculation for reinforced concrete elements subjected to compression and bending are presented. The paper provides load diagrams of dynamic amplification factors with the account of yielding capacity of supports for subsequent dynamic analysis of structures for equivalent static load.
Distribution of material properties in finite element models of inhomogeneous elements of structures
Authors: Moskvichev Egor
Published: October 2019

This paper discusses an approach to finite element modelling of structure elements considering material inhomogeneity. This approach is based on the functional dependence of mechanical properties on the spatial coordinates of finite elements. It allows modelling gradient transitions between different materials, which avoid stress discontinuities during strength analysis. The finite element models of cold formed angle, welded joint and thermal barrier coating, created by this method, have been presented.
Strength evaluation of concrete elements with non-metallic reinforcement under short-term dynamic compression
Authors: Plevkov Vasilii , Baldin Igor , Nevskii Andrei
Published: October 2019

The article presents a method for calculating the strength of concrete elements with non-metallic fiber, rod and external reinforcement. The algorithm and the calculation program are shown, which are based on the use of a nonlinear deformation model of the normal section of such elements, taking into account the real deformation properties of materials under static and short-term dynamic loading.
Experimental research of cavity geometry behind high-speed bodies in water
Authors: Ischenko Alexander , Burkin Victor , Diachkovskiy Alexey , Sammel Anton , Chupashev Andrey
Published: October 2019

At high speed launching of bodies via smoothbore throwing facility into water, a stabilization of bodies was experimentally achieved due to periodical interactions of body contour with the cavity boundaries. If the body contours are not exceeding produced cavity boundary, drag force localized mostly at nose part of a body, which calls “cavitator”. Based on this, it will be rational to take into consideration cavity shape when designing contours of bodies.
Molecular-dynamic investigation of the influence of initial temperature on the character of shock-wave processes in silicon carbide nanocluster
Authors: Utkin Andrey , Fomin Vasily , Golovnev Igor
Published: October 2019

In the present study, using the molecular dynamics method, we investigated the impact interaction of a spherical cluster of 3C-SiC silicon carbide with a rigid wall at a wide range of velocities. The influence of cluster initial temperature on the fracture process was analyzed.
Enhanced imaging – Neue diagnostische Methoden beim Urothelkarzinom
Authors: Knoll Thomas , Bach Thorsten
Published: October 2019

Die korrekte Detektion von Blasentumoren ist die Voraussetzung zur vollständigen Resektion und damit zur Reduktion von Rezidiven, aber auch zum korrekten Staging von fortgeschrittenen und High-grade-Karzinomen. Die Weißlicht-Zystoskopie stellt den Goldstandard dar und konnte durch die digitale HD-Zystoskopie weiter verbessert werden. Die weiteren Verfahren zur verbesserten Bildgebung etablieren sich schrittweise. Narrow-Band Imaging und S-System könnten v. a. im ambulanten Setting einen Vorteil darstellen, da keine Kontrastmittel notwendig sind. Die fotodynamische Diagnostik hat sich bereits im klinischen Setting bei der TURB, zumindest bei High-grade-Karzinomen, etabliert und einen gesicherten Stellenwert in den Leitlinienempfehlungen. Die Kombination von diesen makroskopischen Verfahren mit mikroskopischer Bildgebung könnte die Diagnostik verbessern. Solche neueren Verfahren wie optische Kohärenztomografie oder konfokale Laser-Endomikroskopie sind derzeit in der klinischen Evaluation. Andere Techniken bis hin zur molekularen Bildgebung stellen spannende Konzepte dar, deren Weg in die Klink aber noch lang zu sein scheint.
Two Distinctively Rare Syndromes in a Case of Primary Amenorrhea: 18p Deletion and Mayer–Rokitansky–Kuster–Hauser Syndromes
Authors: Anant Monika , Raj Nutan , Yadav Neelu , Prasad Arun , Kumar Subhash , Saxena Ajit K.
Published: October 2019

Mayer–Rokitansky–Kuster–Hauser (MRKH) syndrome and 18p deletion syndrome, two genetic disorders having distinct genetic etiologies, have an exceedingly rare likelihood of coexistence. Vaginal agenesis or MRKH syndrome, the developmental failure of Mullerian ductal system-derived structures in a genotypic female fetus (46, XX), leads to congenital absence of uterus and vagina in variable degree. The 18p deletion syndrome is a rare chromosomal disorder, characterized by dysmorphic features, stunted growth, and mental retardation, which is caused by deletion of a part or all of the short arm of chromosome 18. A detailed evaluation of primary amenorrhea in a 16-year-old girl yielded both MRKH syndrome and 18p deletion syndrome. Extensive literature search could not identify any reported case bearing this combination of syndromes. This case presentation and review emphasizes on the importance of karyotyping in MRKH patients having atypical features.
The logic of the slave patrol: the fantasy of black predatory violence and the use of force by the police
Authors: Ralph Laurence
Published: October 2019

The background context for this study is the relationship between the right to bear arms and the role of policing in the United States. The fact that the second amendment guarantees the right to bear arms and the correlative right to form “a well-regulated militia” have long been central to the scholarly understanding of the role of guns in American society. Yet few social scientific studies have taken the friction between militias and the burgeoning police departments of the 1800s as a point of departure for present-day debates about the police’s use of force. For the early part of US history, many citizens feared that the police would attempt to supplant militias. In some southern cities, like New Orleans, residents argued that if the city government was going to let the police patrol the city, they should do so without guns. It was the threat of slave uprisings that ended the conflict between militias and the police. A major implication of this study is that rooting the contemporary understanding of police violence in early debates about the police’s use of force can help social scientists better understand how policing is understood and experienced today. Indeed, the African Americans interviewed for this study view the gun in the hands of a police officer as a technology that is rooted in the slave patrol. This is because it is the descendants of enslaved people who are disproportionately subject to police shootings. The article demonstrates this point by exploring a 2014 police shooting. The shooting of Laquan McDonald garnered national attention when, on October 20, 2014, Chicago police Officer, Jason Van Dyke, shot the 17-year-old Black teenager 16 times. The methods employed in this study include: archival data on the early use of force debate, discourse analysis of court testimony from Van Dyke’s 2018 first degree murder trial, and semi-structured interviews with Chicago residents who discuss this case. Ultimately, this study finds that in the McDonald shooting, the gun helps to reproduce the fantasy of Black predatory violence that is rooted in slavery.
Correction: ‘Work Conquers All’: psychiatry, agricultural labor, and the Juliano Moreira Colony in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (1890–1958)
Authors: Meyer Manuella
Published: October 2019

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.
A systems approach to cultural evolution
Authors: Buskell Andrew , Enquist Magnus , Jansson Fredrik
Published: October 2019

A widely accepted view in the cultural evolutionary literature is that culture forms a dynamic system of elements (or ‘traits’) linked together by a variety of relationships. Despite this, large families of models within the cultural evolutionary literature tend to represent only a small number of traits, or traits without interrelationships. As such, these models may be unable to capture complex dynamics resulting from multiple interrelated traits. Here we put forward a systems approach to cultural evolutionary research—one that explicitly represents numerous cultural traits and their relationships to one another. Basing our discussion on simple graph-based models, we examine the implications of the systems approach in four domains: (i) the cultural evolution of decision rules (‘filters’) and their influence on the distribution of cultural traits in a population; (ii) the contingency and stochasticity of system trajectories through a structured state space; (iii) how trait interrelationships can modulate rates of cultural change; and (iv) how trait interrelationships can contribute to understandings of inter-group differences in realised traits. We suggest that the preliminary results presented here should inspire greater attention to the role of multiple interrelated traits on cultural evolution, and should motivate attempts to formalise the rich body of analyses and hypotheses within the humanities and social science literatures.
Credibility of climate change denial in social media
Authors: Samantray Abhishek , Pin Paolo
Published: October 2019

Public perception about the reality of climate change has remained polarized and propagation of fake information on social media can be a potential cause. Homophily in communication, the tendency of people to communicate with others having similar beliefs, is understood to lead to the formation of echo chambers which reinforce individual beliefs and fuel further increase in polarization. Quite surprisingly, in an empirical analysis of the effect of homophily in communication on the level of polarization using evidence from Twitter conversations on the climate change topic during 2007–2017, we find that evolution of homophily over time negatively affects the evolution of polarization in the long run. Among various information about climate change to which people are exposed to, they are more likely to be influenced by information that have higher credibility. Therefore, we study a model of polarization of beliefs in social networks that accounts for credibility of propagating information in addition to homophily in communication. We find that polarization can not increase with increase in homophily in communication unless information propagating fake beliefs has minimal credibility. We therefore infer from the empirical results that anti-climate change tweets are largely not credible.
Shifting characterizations of the ‘Common People’ in modern English retranslations of Thucydides’ History of the Peloponnesian War: a corpus-based analysis
Authors: Jones Henry
Published: October 2019

Little research has yet explored the impact of (re)translation on narrative characterization, that is, on the process through which the various actors depicted in a narrative are attributed particular traits and qualities. Moreover, the few studies that have been published on this topic are either rather more anecdotal than systematic, or their focus is primarily on the losses in character information that inevitably occur when a narrative is retold for a new audience in a new linguistic context. They do not explore how the translator’s own background knowledge and ideological beliefs might affect the characterization process for readers of their target-language text. Consequently, this paper seeks to make two contributions to the field: first, it presents a corpus-based methodology developed as part of theGenealogies of Knowledgeproject for the comparative analysis of characterization patterns in multiple retranslations of a single source text. Such an approach is valuable, it is argued, because it can enhance our ability to engage in a more systematic manner with the accumulation of characterization cues spread throughout a narrative. Second, the paper seeks to move discussions of the effects of translation on narrative characterization away from a paradigm of loss, deficiency and failure, promoting instead a perspective which embraces the productive role translators often play in reconfiguring the countless narratives through which we come to know, imagine and make sense of the past, our present and imagined futures. The potential of this methodology and theoretical standpoint is illustrated through a case study exploring changes in the characterization of ‘the common people’ in two English-language versions of classical Greek historian Thucydides’History of the Peloponnesian War, the first produced by Samuel Bloomfield in 1829 and the second by Steven Lattimore in 1998. Particular attention is paid to the referring expressions used by each translator—such asthe multitudevs.the common people—as well as the specific attributes assigned to this narrative actor. In this way, the study attempts to gain deeper insight into the ways in which these translations reflect important shifts in attitudes within key political debates concerning the benefits and dangers of democracy.
Hydrodynamics of a rigid stationary flat plate in cross-flow near the free surface
Authors: Díaz-Ojeda H. R. , Huera-Huarte F. J. , González-Gutiérrez L. M.
Published: October 2019

In this work, the flow normal to a rectangular flat plate with sharp angles in the presence of the free surface and gravity has been studied numerically, using a three dimensional (3D) large Eddy simulation methodology. Most of the previous studies on this geometry consider either periodic assumptions or laminar regime Re ∼ O(103). The numerical study described here, with a fully 3D simulation of the flat plate in turbulent regime Re ∼ O(105), had not been reported earlier. Important differences have been found with respect to the laminar case or when periodic boundary conditions are assumed. The influence of the gravity force and the free surface interface on the hydrodynamics of the problem is extremely relevant for industrial applications. The simulations are initially validated using a reference case with a plate with sharp corners and a single phase laminar 3D-periodic configuration. The time averaged drag force, the velocity, and pressure fields are compared as well against the case of the plate with smooth corners. Finally, in the case of the two-phase 3D numerical simulations, the drag force and the vorticity fields in the near wake of the plate are compared to recent experimental work [S. Satheesh and F. J. Huera-Huarte, “Effect of the free surface on a flat plate translating normal to the flow,” Ocean Eng. 171, 458–468 (2019)]. These experiments were used as a guideline for the computational setup; consequently, the values of most of the dimensionless parameters are the same. A second scenario where the free surface is replaced by a solid wall is considered. Two important observations show up after this research: first, the characteristic unsteady frequencies that are found associated with two periodic regimes disappear when 3D cases are evaluated. In such a scenario, no dominant frequencies are found. Second, a critical submergence depth (distance) between the upper part of the plate and the free surface (or solid wall) has been found, where the drag force shows a maximum value. These observations are discussed in relation to the pressure distribution, the vortex structures formed at the wake, and the gap flow formed between the plate and the free surface.
Linking dissipation, anisotropy, and intermittency in rotating stratified turbulence at the threshold of linear shear instabilities
Authors: Pouquet A. , Rosenberg D. , Marino R.
Published: October 2019

Analyzing a large database of high-resolution three-dimensional direct numerical simulations of decaying rotating stratified flows, we show that anomalous mixing and dissipation, marked anisotropy, and strong intermittency are all observed simultaneously in an intermediate regime of parameters in which both waves and eddies interact nonlinearly. A critical behavior governed by the stratification occurs at Richardson numbers of order unity and with the flow close to being in a state of instability. This confirms the central dynamical role, in rotating stratified turbulence, of large-scale intermittency, which occurs in the vertical velocity and temperature fluctuations, as an adjustment mechanism of the energy transfer in the presence of strong waves.
Electrochemical etching of AlGaN for the realization of thin-film devices
Authors: Bergmann Michael A. , Enslin Johannes , Yapparov Rinat , Hjort Filip , Wickman Björn , Marcinkevičius Saulius , Wernicke Tim , Kneissl Michael , Haglund Åsa
Published: October 2019

Heterogeneously integrated AlGaN epitaxial layers will be essential for future optical and electrical devices like thin-film flip-chip ultraviolet (UV) light-emitting diodes, UV vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers, and high-electron mobility transistors on efficient heat sinks. Such AlGaN-membranes will also enable flexible and micromechanical devices. However, to develop a method to separate the AlGaN-device membranes from the substrate has proven to be challenging, in particular, for high-quality device materials, which require the use of a lattice-matched AlGaN sacrificial layer. We demonstrate an electrochemical etching method by which it is possible to achieve complete lateral etching of an AlGaN sacrificial layer with up to 50% Al-content. The influence of etching voltage and the Al-content of the sacrificial layer on the etching process is investigated. The etched N-polar surface shows the same macroscopic topography as that of the as-grown epitaxial structure, and the root-mean square roughness is 3.5 nm for 1 μm×1 μm scan areas. Separated device layers have a well-defined thickness and smooth etched surfaces. Transferred multi-quantum-well structures were fabricated and investigated by time-resolved photoluminescence measurements. The quantum wells showed no sign of degradation caused by the thin-film process.
Magnetic domain size tuning in asymmetric Pd/Co/W/Pd multilayers with perpendicular magnetic anisotropy
Authors: Dugato D. A. , Brandão J. , Seeger R. L. , Béron F. , Cezar J. C. , Dorneles L. S. , Mori T. J. A.
Published: October 2019

Magnetic multilayers presenting perpendicular magnetic anisotropy (PMA) have great potential for technological applications. On the path to develop further magnetic devices, one can adjust the physical properties of multilayered thin films by modifying their interfaces, thus determining the magnetic domain type, chirality, and size. Here, we demonstrate the tailoring of the domain pattern by tuning the perpendicular anisotropy, the saturation magnetization, and the interfacial Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction (iDMI) in Pd/Co/Pd multilayers with the insertion of an ultrathin tungsten layer at the top interface. The average domain size decreases around 60% when a 0.2 nm thick W layer is added to the Co/Pd interface. Magnetic force microscopy images and micromagnetic simulations were contrasted to elucidate the mechanisms that determine the domain textures and sizes. Our results indicate that both iDMI and PMA can be tuned by carefully changing the interfaces of originally symmetric multilayers, leading to magnetic domain patterns promising for high density magnetic memories.
Design, mechanics, and operation of spiral-interconnect based networked sensor for stretchable electronics
Authors: Qaiser N. , Damdam A. N. , Khan S. M. , Shaikh S. F. , Hussain M. M.
Published: October 2019

Currently, stretchable electronics has gained intensive attention due to its numerous applications, especially for implantable medical diagnostics and soft actuator based surgeries. A practical stretchable system requires the use of a feedback-assisted structure, i.e., that can detect the movement of the device, analyze the data, and manage the motion, referred to as digitally controlled actuation. An island-interconnect configuration is used to attain the stretchable electronics such as a spiral interconnect is commonly used architecture due to its high stretchability and ability to accommodate large deformations. Here, we fabricate the microscale stretchable series networks and experimentally demonstrate their stretching profiles. A systematic comparison using experiments and finite element method modeling illustrates the mechanical response of the series network up to their fracture limit and shows the stretchability of 160% before the fracture. Cyclic testing shows that the spiral-interconnect experiences no fracture up to 412 cycles. We then devise a sensing mechanism, which detects the actual movement of the island during stretching. The sensitivity and resolution of the sensing mechanism are 1.4 fF/μm and 0.7 μm, respectively. Our proposed sensing mechanism might digitally control the soft robotic-arms and actuators for next-generation drug delivery and targeted application of artificial entities.
Natural convection of water-based carbon nanotubes in a partially heated rectangular fin-shaped cavity with an inner cylindrical obstacle
Authors: Hamid M. , Khan Z. H. , Khan W. A. , Haq R. U.
Published: October 2019

This study investigates the heat augmentation and hydromagnetic flow of water-based carbon nanotubes (CNTs) inside a partially heated rectangular fin-shaped cavity. A thin heated rod is placed within the cavity to create a resistance or to provide a source for heat transfer. The obstacle is tested for the heated case, while the right side of the horizontal tip is tested for three different temperatures (adiabatic, cold, and heated). The left vertical side of the cavity is partially heated with temperature Th, and the rest of the sides are kept cold at temperature Tc except the right tip. Two different thermal boundary conditions (prescribed temperature and adiabatic) are employed on the fin tip. The CNTs and water are assumed to be in thermal equilibrium with no-slip velocity. The magnetic field and thermal radiation are introduced in the momentum and energy equations, respectively. The governing equations are obtained in dimensionless form by means of dimensionless variables. The numerical computation is performed via the finite element method using the Galerkin approach. The substantial effects of emerging parameters on the streamlines, isotherms, dimensionless velocities, and temperature are reported graphically and discussed. In the case of a cold or adiabatic fin-tip, a drop to minimum is found in the dimensionless temperature. The components of velocity are perceived maximum at a vertical corner while minimum at the horizontal corner. It is demonstrated that the local Nusselt numbers are increased by introducing both solid volume fraction of CNTs and radiation effects, while the Nusselt number noticed maximum at the corners.
Time-resolved ion energy distribution functions in the afterglow of an EUV-induced plasma
Authors: Beckers J. , van de Ven T. H. M. , Banine V. Y.
Published: October 2019

Since the introduction of extreme ultraviolet (EUV) lithography (EUVL), the inevitable presence of EUV-induced plasmas inside the lithography tools impacts the operation of EUV optical components. EUV-induced plasmas are created everywhere in the optical path due to the ionizing interaction between the high energy (92 eV) EUV photons and the tools' background gas, which typically is hydrogen gas at a pressure of 1–10 Pa. From a physical point of view, the main impact of the plasma is due to the presence of ions that imping the plasma-facing surfaces. Experimental research into the fluence and energy distribution functions (IEDFs) of ions from EUV-induced plasmas has been limited to time-averaged measurements. In this Letter, we present time-resolved measurements of IEDFs for H+, H2+, and H3+ ions from an EUV-induced plasma in pure hydrogen gas. To this end, an electrostatic quadrupole plasma (EQP) analyzer has been used. The measurements pinpointed momentary fluxes up to three orders of magnitude higher than earlier reported average ion fluxes. In addition, the mean ion energy was unexpectedly found to remain elevated up to 50 μs after the gas had been irradiated with EUV photons. Also, it was shown that the EQP detects H2+ ions on time scales much larger than expected. The presented results are valuable not only for the understanding of elementary processes regarding EUV-induced plasmas interacting with surfaces but also for simulating and predicting the impact of EUV-induced plasma on the lifetime and stability of optical components in EUVL.