bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
METHODS MODELING SYSTEMS FOR THE IMPROVEMENT OF THEIR RELIABILITY
Authors: Anna Zavgorodnya  , Valerii Zavgorodnii  , Vladyslav Plisenko  , Nikita Provatorov  , Pavlo Kudientsov
Published: May 2020

The method of Markov’s processes for the analysis of systems with constant bounce and recovery intensities considered. The article presents calculations of the failure probability of the system for describing the various cases of redundancy of its components using Markov’s models. Expressions obtained for calculating the approximate value of the failure probability of the system and analyzed of failures to improve the reliability of the system. The Markov’s graph of transitions in the reservation of the system, which reflects its behavior, described. Analysis of the results of numerical solution of systems shows that when loaded with redundancy, the probability of failure is higher than with partially loaded, and with partially loaded - higher than with unloaded backup. A tree of errors for the system of cooling and clearing of flue gas at the reservation made by replacing "2 of 3", which has seven minimum bounce cross sections. Calculated the probability of system failure. The obtained calculations allow to analyze failures of technical systems in order to increase the reliability of their functioning.
АДМІНІСТРАТИВНА РЕФОРМА ЯК ОСНОВА МОДЕРНІЗАЦІЇ ПУБЛІЧНОГО УПРАВЛІННЯ
Authors: Аль-Атті Ірина
Published: May 2020

The article analyzes the approaches to reforming the public administration system. Three types of reforms have been implemented in the world: first, economization is to increase the efficiency of administration while saving money; the second area of reform was the decentralization of public administration, which was clearly reflected in the growing role of local governments in European countries; The third area of reform was to increase the openness of public administration to the public, which should have helped to increase the legitimacy of the administration in the new environment. The author analyzed the following modern models of public administration: new state management; neo-institutionalism; "Governance" (or "good governance").
ТЕОРЕТИКО-МЕТОДИЧНІ АСПЕКТИ ВИКЛАДАННЯ ОСНОВ БЕЗПЕКИ ЖИТТЄДІЯЛЬНОСТІ В СПЕЦІАЛЬНІЙ ШКОЛІ
Authors: Наталія Максименко  , Валентина Козлова
Published: May 2020

Nowadays, it’s necessary to bring the problem of security without search, to keep up to date, stay for an hour, all the more, and more to be ashamed. І hoha in ukrainskіy pedagogic training practice naviovannya to wear more academic knowledge, post є the problem of reconciliation spivvіdnoshennya osvitnі dosyagnen ditini to real life, and adaptacii itself to a non-bezpepechny mid-residence.The disadvantage of theoretical development is the power of the core of the robot in the method of representation and on the standards of practical training. Bagato vchitelіv special shots rozіmіyut vіlivіst korektsіyno-vihovno ї roboti for navchannnu uchennіv pushenennyi intertekualnogo development. However, without a systemic reasoning, the ryznі priyomi on the other stages of the robot on uroci і tse not to lead to positive results.The direct development of core development is mainly for the psychic development of children’s interruption of inter-branch development. Under the influence of such a psychic development of schoolchildren to condemn the positive positive patterns, one-time the formation of knowledge and knowledge is consumed. Potentially, the robot is a core robot that is based on the tilting of the interactive development, and is hidden in the direction of the week and the future of the integrated development of the special characteristics.At the dan_y of the statistics of razglânutі okremі results and analysis of the pedagogical practice of forming the basics of the bezpekí zhittєdіyalnost in the classes for the children of torsive development. Pay attention to the importance of this subject, as a self-sufficient, self- righteous one with the most important objects and as methodologically- oriented, directly correctively and robustly. Visklyuyutsya okremі metodnі porady for vchitelіv-defectologіv on rozshirennyu pokrashchennyu koriktsіyno-privivalno ї that swiftly-cyclical robot with the form of a leisureless behavior in schoolchildren.
ІСТОРИЧНИЙ ФАКТ І ПОДІЯ В УКРАЇНСЬКІЙ ЛІТЕРАТУРІ ДЛЯ ДІТЕЙ ТА ЮНАЦТВА: ВІД ДАВНИНИ ДО СУЧАСНОСТІ
Authors: Васильєва М. В.
Published: May 2020

The article deals with Ukrainian literature for children and youth on a historical topic from the time of Kiev Rus to the present. Historical- adventure and historical-biographical works have been analyzed. An overview of the historical topic in literature for young readers in the works of writers of the Ukrainian diaspora is given. The main genre varieties of contemporary literature for children and youth of historical direction can be seen in the works of A. Bachinskyi, Ye. Bilousov, O. Havrosh, A. Kokotiukha, Zirka Menzatiuk, V. Rutkivskyi (e.g. biographical, adventure, detective, fantasy, fiction works). It is emphasized that works on historical themes often do not have a clear focus, they can be considered for a multi-age reader, both adult and child.
A METHOD FOR OPTIMIZING THE DOSING OF DEMULSIFIER AT A COMPLEX OIL PROCESSING UNIT
Authors: Abasova Inara Afrayil
Published: May 2020

The process of dosing demulsifier is considered by changing its consumption depending on the consumption of oil emulsin at the installation inlet. The oil emulsion flow ratio and the rate of change of the demulsifier level, which leads to a change in the consumption of the demulsifier, is determined. The proposed process allows to reduce the cost of oil refining by increasing the accuracy of dosing. The whole complex oil processing unit (COPU) is a single block module. The delivery set includes a technological unit, a control unit, furnaces and heat exchangers, automatic furnishing and maintenance units. COPU should be equipped with valves and flow sensors as well as, other means of monitoring, control and regulation, as well as, instruments for testing and emergency protection systems. Operation of COPU control is carried out using an automated system, both remotely and locally. In the process of oil preparation, monitoring and measurement must be carried out the regulation of technological parameters, if necessary. Various comprehensive training facilities correspond to various indicators of economic efficiency, in particular: indicator of energy consumption, complexity of technology; costs of installation, operation, maintenance of installations (including the cost of servicing personnel); the complexity of the oil preparation process.
КОМПРЕСІЙНА АСФІКСІЯ
Authors: Хоботова Наталія Володимирівна  , Єхалов Василій Вталійович
Published: May 2020

Compression asphyxia is a type of mechanical asphyxia when breathing stops with external pressure on the body, which leads to the absence of respiratory movements and disrupts venous return from the head. With a strong compression of the chest, a reflex spasm of the glottis occurs, which contributes to an increase in intrathoracic pressure, reverse venous blood flow and an obstruction of venous flow to the heart occur. A sharp increase in intracranial pressure and venous congestive congestion / hemorrhage deepen central respiratory failure. Mild degree: mental agitation; puffy face, slight cyanosis; individual conjunctival petechiae; tachypnea. Medium degree: light or heavy stunning, lost orientation; the face is puffy, cyanotic; swelling of the cervical veins, acrocyanosis; multiple petechiae that spread across the face, neck, conjunctiva of the eyes, inspiratory dyspnea, visual impairment. Severe degree: stupor or coma, sharp cyanosis of the whole body, exophthalmos; swelling of the face, neck and shoulder girdle, arms, multiple petechiae of the face, neck, arms, legs, conjunctiva of the eyes, swelling of the cervical veins, cyanosis and edema of the upper half of the body; superficial breathing, frequent, in the absence of treatment passes to agonal and apnea. Intensive care includes analgesia, oxygenation or mechanical ventilation, anticonvulsant, dehydration and decongestant therapy, prevention of acute kidney damage, DIC, septic complications, and treatment of posthypoxic encephalopathy.
THE DEVELOPMENT OF STUDENTS’ CRITICAL THINKING IN LEARNING A FOREIGN LANGUAGE
Authors: Suleimenova Zh. A.  , Kalikhaidarova G. E.  , Mussabekova Z. S.  , Duishonaliyeva B. T.
Published: May 2020

This article deals with the issue of working out and incorporating in educational process of higher educational institutions of the innovative technology for developing skills of critical thinking for the future Management specialists. The research is aimed at revealing both theoretical and practical ideas about critical thinking development in English language teaching. To enhance critical thinking in learners, foreign language teachers use various methods and techniques, consequently there have been described the following methods such as “Lead-in”, “Socratic Questioning”, “Business role play”, “Active reading”, and “Translation”. The use of the above methods by foreign language teachers in classes contribute to the development of critical thinking among students and motivate them for learning a foreign language, as well as making the study process be possible to turn from routine work into interactive, interesting and challenging activities.
СУЧАСНІ КУЛЬТУРНІ ПРОЕКТИ УКРАЇНИ В КОНТЕКСТІ ПОЛЬСЬКО-УКРАЇНСЬКИХ МУЗИЧНИХ ЗВ’ЯЗКІВ
Authors: Обух Людмила Василівна
Published: May 2020

The article attempts to isolate and highlight contemporary Ukrainian cultural projects that use the musical creativity of Polish composers and performers. This project orientation, viewed through the lens of cultural and artistic management, is the basis of cultural policy between the Republic of Poland (RP) and Ukraine and the strategies of its development.
ABOUT THE HISTORY OF DEVELOPMENT OF PUBLISHING INDUSTRY IN KARAKALPAKSTAN
Authors: Idrisov Rashid Baysovich
Published: May 2020

The article deals with the issues on the history of formation of publishing houses in Karakalpakstan at the first half of the XX century. The first typographic equipment in the region appeared at the end of the 19th century. During the Soviet period publication policy became an important part of the Soviet policy. The government financed this branch totally and provided the edition of book production includingthe books in the karakalpak language. In the 1930s the system of publishing industry which is completely controlled by the Centre was created in Karakalpakstan.
ACTUAL ISSUES OF FINANCIAL STABILITY OF THE AGRICULTURAL SECTOR OF UZBEKISTAN
Authors: Bafoyev Otabek
Published: May 2020

This article examines the prospects for increasing the competitiveness of the agro-industrial complex of the Republic of Uzbekistan through the formation and development of clusters as an innovative type of production management, outlines the main problems and the current state of the domestic agro-industrial sector, which forms national food security, directions and mechanism for the development of factors aimed at creating conditions for sustainable growth of the country's economy. At present, characterized by the global trend of growing global competition, the problem of finding new factors that can ensure the growth of national competitiveness and sustainable development of the state’s economy arises, and this makes this article relevant.One of the means of updating the production management system to solve this problem is the cluster approach, which can be effectively implemented, when will be taken into account the specific conditions of certain areas of economic activity.
ПОРІВНЯЛЬНИЙ АНАЛІЗ ЗМІСТУ ДІЯЛЬНОСТІ ЛОГОПЕДА З ДІЯЛЬНІСТЮ СУМІЖНИХ ФАХІВЦІВ
Authors: Цимбал-Слатвінська Світлана
Published: May 2020

The article compares the content and features of speech therapist activity against the activity of related specialists. The general functions of speech therapist professional activity and related specialists activities are scientific-methodical, cultural-educational, social- pedagogical, educational, and organizational-managerial. Distinctive features of the speech therapist are psychoprophylactic, counseling, correction-developmental, diagnostic-analytical, mastering which characterizes one as a competent specialist in the support of children with speech impairment and ones readiness for professional activity.
ПЕРСПЕКТИВЫ НЕФТЕГАЗОНОСНОСТИ СЕВЕРО- АБШЕРОНСКОГО АРХИПЕЛАГА ЮЖНО- КАСПИЙСКОЙ ВПАДИНЫ В СВЯЗИ С ТЕКТОНИЧЕСКИМ РАЗВИТИЕМ СТРУКТУР
Authors: Насибова Г. Д.  , Мухтарова Х. З.
Published: May 2020

Over the past decades, discovery of giant hydrocarbon fields at the depth of above 10 km in the World oceans enables the possibility of identifying oil and gas at great depths of the South Caspian depression (SCD).The main oil and gas resources in this region are associated with the Productive Series (PS) -Red Series (RS) of the Lower Pliocene. Paleogene-Miocene and Mesozoic sediments in the southern Caspian are submerged to great depths, the prospects of their oil and gas potential are associated with the most uplifted tectonic zones.The Northern Absheron, that is considered as one of the promising areas of this region, covers the uplifts zone under the same name that is the most elevated tectonic unit of the South Caspian. The zone under consideration consists of two anticlinal lines, within which about 20 structures have been identified and explored. Currently, about 10 structures are covered by prospecting and exploration drilling and 5 prospective oil and gas structures have been identified: Absheron kupesi, Western Absheron, Novkhany, Ashrafi, Garabakh.Testing of exploration wells on the structures Gilavar, Hali, Arzu, Ashrafi, Mardakan-deniz and Oguz has not been positive. It should be noted that the deep structure of these uplifts is poorly studied by seismic exploration. Detailed integrated geophysical survey at modern technological and methodological levels is necessary to examine the relation of structural plans of sediments of various ages. The prospects oil and gas field exploration are associated with the lower part of the PS, Miocene, Cretaceous and Jurassic.It should be noted that despite negative conclusions of some foreign researchers on non-productiveness of the structures above, in recent years, the data obtained from the results of new geological and geophysical methods give SOCAR the basis to resume exploration drilling without involvement of foreign companies.
ХАРАКТЕРИСТИКА ЛЕКСИКО-СЕМАНТИЧЕСКИХ ГРУПП РУСИЗМОВ В ЯЗЫКЕ ТУНДРОВЫХ ЮКАГИРОВ: ТЕХНИКА
Authors: Курилова С. Н.
Published: May 2020

The Yukaghirs is one of the ancient aboriginal peoples of the north- eastern Siberia. Nowadays there are two local Yukaghir groups. The Tundra Yukagirs live in Lower Kolyma river and the Forest Yukaghirs dwell in Upper Kolyma. Their languages are common in sintax, but different in lexicon and phonetics as a result of historic established contacts with other newcomers. The paper is devoted to lexical transfer as a result of the language contacts as one of the most actual in the modern linguistics and purely studied themes in Yukagir studies. According to last research of the foreign lexicon in Yukaghir there is appr. 800 Russian words in Tundra Yukaghir, of which 170 entered via Yakut. The author classifies, characterizes and analyzes the direct and indirect Russian words within the group titled as “Technics” from functional and formal assimilative points of view.
GOAL SCORING FREQUENCY IN SOCCER IN DIFFERENT AGE GROUPS
Authors: Farias Vinícius Martins , Bergmann Gabriel Gustavo , Vaz Luís Miguel Teixeira , Pinheiro Eraldo Dos Santos
Published: May 2020

Scoring goals is the main objective and key to success in soccer. Therefore, all the aspects of this important performance indicator must be studied. Many authors have proposed to study different aspects related to goal scoring in soccer. However, the vast majority of these studies include adult players from professional or amateur teams. The aim of the present study was to analyze the goal scoring frequency in 388 soccer matches of Professional, Under-20 and Under-17 competitions from Brazil in order to compare the results between the different age groups. The impact of the first goal scored on the match outcome was also studied. The frequency of 1100 goals was analyzed by dividing the game in two (first and second half) and six equal periods of time. Data showed that there was a tendency of a greater number of goals scored over time with a higher percentage of goals scored in second half in all three competitions (p
RELAÇÕES SOCIOAMBIENTAIS E O SIGNIFICADO DO LAZER NA PRÁTICA CAVING
Authors: Mendes Marilda Teixeira , Beltrame André Luis Normanton , Bringel Denise Araújo , Alves Michela Abreu Francisco , Sampaio Tânia Mara Vieira , Melo Gislane Ferreira de
Published: May 2020

O estudo teve como objetivo identificar o significado atribuído ao lazer de dois grupos de espeleologia nas relações socioambientais durante a prática do caving. Trata-se de uma pesquisa de abordagem qualitativa, desenvolvida com o Espeleogrupo Peter Lund e a Associação de Agentes Ambientais do Vale do Peruaçu com 30 indivíduos. Os dados foram coletados por meio de entrevistas semiestruturadas, processados no IRAMUTEQ e a análise de similitude feita. Os resultados indicaram que entre os pares de associação se ressalta uma forte relação do lazer, entre lazer-caverna e lazer-atividade. Conclui-se que o lazer pode ser entendido como uma atividade prática em ambiente de caverna realizada no tempo livre. Ele promove o prazer individual e coletivo, um contato máximo com a natureza que proporciona sensações, emoções, bem-estar, aventura e a descoberta, por meio do caving, na contemplação do ambiente cavernícola.
LAZER NOS CENTROS DE CONVIVÊNCIA DOS MUNICÍPIOS DA REGIÃO NORTE DO PARANÁ
Authors: De Almeida Maria Angela Garcia , Wagner Valdilene , De Oliveira Leonardo Pestillo
Published: May 2020

Evidências demonstram o aumento da expectativa de vida em pessoas acima dos 60 anos. O lazer, aliado a outros determinantes, pode ser decisivo para a qualidade de vida da pessoa idosa. Este estudo analisou o direcionamento das atividades de lazer desenvolvidas nos Centros de Convivência de Idosos (CCI) nos Municípios da Região Norte do Paraná e a importância do gosto do idoso na seleção das atividades dos Centros de Convivência. Essa é uma pesquisa descritiva, de caráter quantitativo realizada com uma amostra composta por 200 idosos de 10 Municípios, os quais responderam a um questionário composto por questões abertas, fechadas e mistas respaldadas pelos objetivos propostos. Os dados foram analisados por meio de estatística descritiva, frequência e porcentagem. As atividades desenvolvidas pelos centros de convivência analisados não estão em consonância com o gosto dos indivíduos e se repetem no decorrer do tempo, não respeitando as mudanças culturais e sociais de cada geração. Conclui-se que, atender ao gosto dos idosos emergiu como um fator indispensável para a emancipação, o desenvolvimento psíquico e físico visando a amplitude de possibilidades para o envelhecimento saudável e consequentemente, para a qualidade de vida.
O QUE OCORREU APÓS O EPISÓDIO DE LACI DE ARAÚJO EM 2008? A HOMOSSEXUALIDADE DISCUTIDA NAS FORÇAS ARMADAS DO BRASIL
Authors: Verbicaro Soares Douglas , Demétrio Rafaela , Morais Rafael
Published: May 2020

O artigo versa sobre a homossexualidade nas Forças Militares do Brasil, enfatizando o notório caso de Laci de Araújo, envolvido em uma polêmica com repercussão nacional após o relato nos meios de comunicação de que o ex-militar mantinha uma relação homoafetiva com outro militar e que estariam sofrendo discriminação por parte da Instituição Militar. O episódio permitiu um questionamento social em temas de aceitação e negação de militares homossexuais servirem às Forças Armadas no/ país. Para esse tema foi trabalhado no estudo o artigo 235 do Código Penal Militar – CPC, que até a atualidade possui uma tipificação que condena e discrimina a prática da relação homoafetiva, em desacordo com as previsões constitucionais. Foi realizada uma investigação bibliográfica para a metodologia do estudo. A investigação conclui pela existência de ideais preconceituosos que vem discriminado, ao longo dos tempos, as pessoas homossexuais no âmbito militar.
 
Palavras-chave: Militares. Diversidade sexual. Discriminação.
Objects Removed for Study
Authors: Guendelman Hales Rafael
Published: May 2020

“Objects Removed for Study” is a creative remaking of a fraction of the Library of Ashurbanipal (part of the Assyrian collection of the British Museum) by a group of women from the Iraqi Community Association in London. Inspired by the main role of the library as a guide for the Assyrian king Ashurbanipal, and considering the current situation in Iraq, the women were invited to rewrite and re-create a series of ceramic books and artifacts. This project aims to critically rethink both the identity and the role of these old artifacts in the articulation of new sensitivities and possibilities in today’s context of displacement.
FACADE ARCHITECTURE OF ECO-FRIENDLY RESIDENTIAL CLUSTERS
Authors: Alawsi W. A.K. , Molchanov V. M.
Published: May 2020

It is necessary to improve the architecture quality of multi-storey residential clusters through increasing the aesthetic expressiveness of facades. Modern environmental technologies, for example, alternative energy sources used as facade elements, require a review of façade archirecture. The proposed methods allow evaluating the architectural expressiveness and harmony of facades to improve the structural composition of residential clusters. These methods involve the identification of qualitative characteristics of facades of multi-storey buildings in which environmental solutions are applied. The paper proposes the system of specific indicators, according to which the facade elements can be quantified. This method will increase the façade architecture using modern environmental technologies without high expenditures.
Vasopressor treatment and mortality following nontraumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage: a nationwide electronic health record analysis
Authors: Williams George , Maroufy Vahed , Rasmy Laila , Brown Derek , Yu Duo , Zhu Hai , Talebi Yashar , Wang Xueying , Thomas Emy , Zhu Gen , Yaseen Ashraf , Miao Hongyu , Leon Novelo Luis , Zhi Degui , DeSantis Stacia M. , Zhu Hongjian , Yamal Jose-Miguel , Aguilar David , Wu Hulin
Published: May 2020

OBJECTIVE

Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is a devastating cerebrovascular condition, not only due to the effect of initial hemorrhage, but also due to the complication of delayed cerebral ischemia (DCI). While hypertension facilitated by vasopressors is often initiated to prevent DCI, which vasopressor is most effective in improving outcomes is not known. The objective of this study was to determine associations between initial vasopressor choice and mortality in patients with nontraumatic SAH.

METHODS

The authors conducted a retrospective cohort study using a large, national electronic medical record data set from 2000–2014 to identify patients with a new diagnosis of nontraumatic SAH (based on ICD-9 codes) who were treated with the vasopressors dopamine, phenylephrine, or norepinephrine. The relationship between the initial choice of vasopressor therapy and the primary outcome, which was defined as in-hospital death or discharge to hospice care, was examined.

RESULTS

In total, 2634 patients were identified with nontraumatic SAH who were treated with a vasopressor. In this cohort, the average age was 56.5 years, 63.9% were female, and 36.5% of patients developed the primary outcome. The incidence of the primary outcome was higher in those initially treated with either norepinephrine (47.6%) or dopamine (50.6%) than with phenylephrine (24.5%). After adjusting for possible confounders using propensity score methods, the adjusted OR of the primary outcome was higher with dopamine (OR 2.19, 95% CI 1.70–2.81) and norepinephrine (OR 2.24, 95% CI 1.80–2.80) compared with phenylephrine. Sensitivity analyses using different variable selection procedures, causal inference models, and machine-learning methods confirmed the main findings.

CONCLUSIONS

In patients with nontraumatic SAH, phenylephrine was significantly associated with reduced mortality in SAH patients compared to dopamine or norepinephrine. Prospective randomized clinical studies are warranted to confirm this finding.
Quality Outcomes Database Spine Care Project 2012–2020: milestones achieved in a collaborative North American outcomes registry to advance value-based spine care and evolution to the American Spine Registry
Authors: Asher Anthony L. , Knightly John , Mummaneni Praveen V. , Alvi Mohammed Ali , McGirt Matthew J. , Yolcu Yagiz U. , Chan Andrew K. , Glassman Steven D. , Foley Kevin T. , Slotkin Jonathan R. , Potts Eric A. , Shaffrey Mark E. , Shaffrey Christopher I. , Haid Regis W. , Fu Kai-Ming , Wang Michael Y. , Park Paul , Bisson Erica F. , Harbaugh Robert E. , Bydon Mohamad
Published: May 2020

The Quality Outcomes Database (QOD), formerly known as the National Neurosurgery Quality Outcomes Database (N2QOD), was established by the NeuroPoint Alliance (NPA) in collaboration with relevant national stakeholders and experts. The overarching goal of this project was to develop a centralized, nationally coordinated effort to allow individual surgeons and practice groups to collect, measure, and analyze practice patterns and neurosurgical outcomes. Specific objectives of this registry program were as follows: “1) to establish risk-adjusted national benchmarks for both the safety and effectiveness of neurosurgical procedures, 2) to allow practice groups and hospitals to analyze their individual morbidity and clinical outcomes in real time, 3) to generate both quality and efficiency data to support claims made to public and private payers and objectively demonstrate the value of care to other stakeholders, 4) to demonstrate the comparative effectiveness of neurosurgical and spine procedures, 5) to develop sophisticated ‘risk models’ to determine which subpopulations of patients are most likely to benefit from specific surgical interventions, and 6) to facilitate essential multicenter trials and other cooperative clinical studies.” The NPA has launched several neurosurgical specialty modules in the QOD program in the 7 years since its inception including lumbar spine, cervical spine, and spinal deformity and cerebrovascular and intracranial tumor. The QOD Spine modules, which are the primary subject of this paper, have evolved into the largest North American spine registries yet created and have resulted in unprecedented cooperative activities within our specialty and among affiliated spine care practitioners. Herein, the authors discuss the experience of QOD Spine programs to date, with a brief description of their inception, some of the key achievements and milestones, as well as the recent transition of the spine modules to the American Spine Registry (ASR), a collaboration between the American Association of Neurological Surgeons and the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons (AAOS).
What factors impact the clinical outcome of magnetic resonance imaging–guided focused ultrasound thalamotomy for essential tremor?
Authors: Fukutome Kenji , Kuga Yoshihiro , Ohnishi Hideyuki , Hirabayashi Hidehiro , Nakase Hiroyuki
Published: May 2020

OBJECTIVE

Magnetic resonance imaging–guided focused ultrasound (MRgFUS) is a novel and useful treatment for essential tremor (ET); however, the factors impacting treatment outcome are unknown. The authors conducted this study to determine the factors affecting the outcome of MRgFUS.

METHODS

From May 2016 through August 2017, 15 patients with ET were admitted to Ohnishi Neurological Center and treated with MRgFUS. To determine the factors impacting treatment outcome, the authors retrospectively studied correlations between the Clinical Rating Scale for Tremor (CRST) improvement rate and age, disease duration, baseline CRST score, skull density ratio (SDR), skull volume, maximum delivered energy, or maximum temperature.

RESULTS

The mean CRST score was 18.5 ± 5.8 at baseline and 4.6 ± 5.7 at 1 year. The rate of improvement in the CRST score was 80% ± 22%. Younger age and lower baseline CRST score were correlated with a higher CRST improvement rate (p = 0.025 and 0.007, respectively). To obtain a CRST improvement rate ≥ 50%, a maximum temperature ≥ 55°C was necessary. There was no correlation between SDR and CRST improvement rate (p = 0.658). A lower SDR and higher skull volume required significantly higher maximum delivered energy (p = 0.014 and 0.016, respectively). A higher maximum temperature was associated with a significantly larger lesion volume (p = 0.026).

CONCLUSIONS

Younger age and lower baseline CRST score were favorable outcome factors. It is important to assess predictive factors when applying MRgFUS.
Correlation between localization of supratentorial glioma to the precentral gyrus and difficulty in identification of the motor area during awake craniotomy
Authors: Saito Taiichi , Muragaki Yoshihiro , Tamura Manabu , Maruyama Takashi , Nitta Masayuki , Tsuzuki Shunsuke , Fukui Atsushi , Kawamata Takakazu
Published: May 2020

OBJECTIVE

Identification of the motor area during awake craniotomy is crucial for preservation of motor function when resecting gliomas located within or close to the motor area or the pyramidal tract. Nevertheless, sometimes the surgeon cannot identify the motor area during awake craniotomy. However, the factors that influence failure to identify the motor area have not been elucidated. The aim of this study was to assess whether tumor localization was correlated with a negative cortical response in motor mapping during awake craniotomy in patients with gliomas located within or close to the motor area or pyramidal tract.

METHODS

Between April 2000 and May 2019 at Tokyo Women’s Medical University, awake craniotomy was performed to preserve motor function in 137 patients with supratentorial glioma. Ninety-one of these patients underwent intraoperative cortical motor mapping for a primary glioma located within or close to the motor area or pyramidal tract and were enrolled in the study. MRI was used to evaluate whether or not the tumors were localized to or involved the precentral gyrus. The authors performed motor functional mapping with electrical stimulation during awake craniotomy and evaluated the correlation between identification of the motor area and various clinical characteristics, including localization to the precentral gyrus.

RESULTS

Thirty-four of the 91 patients had tumors that were localized to the precentral gyrus. The mean extent of resection was 89.4%. Univariate analyses revealed that identification of the motor area correlated significantly with age and localization to the precentral gyrus. Multivariate analyses showed that older age (≥ 45 years), larger tumor volume (> 35.5 cm3), and localization to the precentral gyrus were significantly correlated with failure to identify the motor area (p = 0.0021, 0.0484, and 0.0015, respectively). Localization to the precentral gyrus showed the highest odds ratio (14.135) of all regressors.

CONCLUSIONS

Identification of the motor area can be difficult when a supratentorial glioma is localized to the precentral gyrus. The authors’ findings are important when performing awake craniotomy for glioma located within or close to the motor area or the pyramidal tract. A combination of transcortical motor evoked potential monitoring and awake craniotomy including subcortical motor mapping may be needed for removal of gliomas showing negative responses in the motor area to preserve the motor-related subcortical fibers.
External validation of current prediction systems of improvement after decompression surgery in Chiari malformation type I patients: can we do better?
Authors: Feghali James , Xie Yangyiran , Chen Yuxi , Li Sean , Huang Judy
Published: May 2020

OBJECTIVE

The Chiari Severity Index (CSI) and points-based algorithm of Thakar et al. are two prognostic tools that have been developed to predict the likelihood of improvement after suboccipital decompression in adult patients with Chiari malformation type I (CM-I). This study aimed to externally validate and critically evaluate these algorithms in the interest of guiding the development of improved prediction systems.

METHODS

A consecutive cohort of CM-I patients undergoing suboccipital decompression between September 2006 and September 2018 were included. The CSI and Thakar point score were computed for all patients, and associations with improvement were analyzed. The ability of both prediction systems to predict improvement as measured by different Chicago Chiari Outcome Scale (CCOS) cutoffs was assessed using receiver operating curve analysis. Post hoc correlations between the algorithms and different CCOS subcomponents were also assessed.

RESULTS

The surgical cohort was composed of 149 adult CM-I patients, of whom 39 (26%) had a syrinx. Most patients experienced improvement after surgery (80% CCOS ≥ 13; 96% CCOS ≥ 11). The proportion of patients improving decreased with increasing CSI, but the results were not statistically significant (p = 0.246). No statistically significant difference in the mean Thakar point score was identified between improved and nonimproved patients using both CCOS cutoffs (p = 0.246 for a cutoff of 13 and p = 0.480 for a cutoff of 11). The CSI had a poor ability in identifying improved patients at a CCOS cutoff of 13 (area under the curve [AUC] 0.582) and 11 (AUC 0.646). The Thakar point score similarly had poor discrimination at a cutoff of 13 (AUC 0.467) and 11 (AUC 0.646). Neither algorithm had significant correlation with any of the CCOS subcomponents except for CSI and nonpain symptom improvement (coefficient = −0.273, p = 0.001).

CONCLUSIONS

Previously published algorithms failed to provide prediction value with regard to clinically meaningful improvement following suboccipital decompression in adult CM-I patients. Future models and practical scoring systems are still required to improve the decision-making process.
Fusion patterns of minor lateral calvarial sutures on volume-rendered CT reconstructions
Authors: Wilkinson C. Corbett , Serrano Cesar A. , French Brooke M. , Graber Sarah J. , Schmidt-Beuchat Emily , Batista-Silverman Lígia , Hubbell Noah P. , Stence Nicholas V.
Published: May 2020

OBJECTIVE

Several years ago, the authors treated an infant with sagittal and bilateral parietomastoid suture fusion. This made them curious about the normal course of fusion of “minor” lateral sutures (sphenoparietal, squamosal, parietomastoid). Accordingly, they investigated fusion of these sutures on 3D volume-rendered head CT reconstructions in a series of pediatric trauma patients.

METHODS

The authors reviewed all volume-rendered head CT reconstructions obtained from 2010 through mid-2012 at Children’s Hospital Colorado in trauma patients aged 0–21 years. Each sphenoparietal, squamosal, and parietomastoid suture was graded as open, partially fused, or fused. In several individuals, one or more lateral sutures were fused atypically. In these patients, the cephalic index (CI) and cranial vault asymmetry index (CVAI) were calculated. In a separately reported study utilizing the same reconstructions, 21 subjects had fusion of the sagittal suture. Minor lateral sutures were assessed, including these 21 individuals, excluding them, and considering them as a separate subgroup.

RESULTS

After exclusions, 331 scans were reviewed. Typically, the earliest length of the minor lateral sutures to begin fusion was the anterior squamosal suture, often by 2 years of age. The next suture to begin fusion—and first to complete it—was the sphenoparietal. The last suture to begin and complete fusion was the parietomastoid. Six subjects (1.8%) had posterior (without anterior) fusion of one or more squamosal sutures. Six subjects (1.8%) had fusion or near-complete fusion of one squamosal and/or parietomastoid suture when the corresponding opposite suture was open or nearly open. The mean CI and CVAI values in these subjects and in age- and sex-matched controls were normal and not significantly different. No individuals had a fused parietomastoid suture with open squamosal and/or sphenoparietal sutures.

CONCLUSIONS

Fusion and partial fusion of the sphenoparietal, squamosal, and parietomastoid sutures is common in children and adolescents. It usually does not represent craniosynostosis and does not require cranial surgery. The anterior squamosal suture is often the earliest length of these sutures to fuse. Fusion then spreads anteriorly to the sphenoparietal suture and posteriorly to the parietomastoid. The sphenoparietal suture is generally the earliest minor lateral suture to complete fusion, and the parietomastoid is the last. Atypical patterns of fusion include posterior (without anterior) squamosal suture fusion and asymmetrical squamosal and/or parietomastoid suture fusion. However, these atypical fusion patterns may not lead to atypical head shapes or a need for surgery.
Colonel É.-F.-R. Pouchelon report about battle at Moscow River on 5–7th September 1812
Authors: Gorshkov Dmitriy I.
Published: May 2020

In the article which comes before our publication of the report (from Service Historique de la Défense – S.H.D.) of the colonel of the 33rd regiment of line infantry Baron of the Empire and officer of the Legion of Honour Pouchelon we give analysis of the conditions in which this source was created. This document is dedicated to the events of 5–7 of September 1812 and its full text is published completely for the first time. We discover the importance to use in our research written sources. Also we make source analysis of this text.
The cult of Sol in Ancient Rome (from ancient times to the reform of Elagabal)
Authors: Kulikova Yulia V.
Published: May 2020

The Solar cult can be found in the religious beliefs of many peoples. In Rome, the worship of the sun has been recorded since ancient times, unfortunately, the ancient authors left us only scattered mentions. The Importance of the cult of Sol grew with the transformation of the system of control, under the influence of Hellenism and penetrating the Roman worldview Oriental cults. In the course of its evolution, the cult of Sol became the part of the imperial cult, allowing to justify the emperor’s increasing power. However, in the reign of the emperor of Elagabal the essence of the Roman Sol was perverted by the oriental rituals of the new official cult.
Publishing is evolving, but are we? Developing talent for the future
Authors: Miller Andrew James
Published: May 2020

At the APE 2020 Pre-Conference in Berlin, a group of talent development and HR experts from across the scientific research and publishing community came together to discuss the future of talent development in the scholarly publishing industry.

We heard from an excellent group of speakers who shared with us a rich and diverse range of expertise and experience. We set ourselves the challenge of imagining what the world of scholarly academic publishing would look like in 2030, and asked ourselves the question: how can we work together to develop the talent we will need now, and for the future, in a rapidly changing world? Are we keeping pace, and are we prepared for the challenge ahead?

Based on our discussion, three key themes emerged: the importance of supporting increased diversity & inclusion within scholarly publishing, interorganizational leadership development initiatives for leaders across the publishing ecosystem to exchange experiences and ideas, and greater research and publishing career mobility to encourage more fluid movement between research and publishing jobs.

We believe these things are all very achievable if we commit to investing in the kind of culture change and new ways of thinking that will lead us to success in 2030.
Vietnam: en busca de una tercera vía
Authors: Rul–Lán Baudes Gaspar
Published: May 2020

El autor pretende dar una visión positiva del moderno Vietnam, un país que después de años de dominación extranjera, y terminada una de las más sangrientas guerras del siglo XX, ha vuelto una página de su historia, y animado por su lema de “independencia–unidad–socialismo”, mira al futuro con ilusión. El artículo empieza con un breve repaso a su turbulenta historia, para analizar, seguidamente, el actual sistema político socialista de Vietnam tal como viene reflejado en su Constitución de 1992. También se estudia el proceso de profunda autocrítica del gobierno vietnamita que llevó a la adopción de la politica del “Doi Moi” (renovación) y a la introducción de un sistema de mercado libre sin renunciar al ideal socialista. Luego se analiza el papel de la empresa privada en esta nueva economía y su marco jurídico, para terminar con una rápida mirada a los derechos civiles reconocidos por la Constitución, con especial énfasis en el derecho de libertad religiosa.
El futuro de Europa. Compromiso político, valores y religión
Authors: II Juan Pablo
Published: May 2020

Nota de la redacciónIncluimos a continuación dos documentos que pueden resultar de interés para nuestros lectores. El primero es la carta al Presidente Bush del Presidente de la Conferencia Episcopal estadounidense, en relación a la anunciada declaración de guerra contra Irak de la que hemos tenido referencias generalmente fragmentarias en los medios de comunicación en las últimas semanas. El segundo documento constituye una interesante reflexión valorativa de la Comisión de las Conferencias Episcopales de la Comunidad Europea (COMECE) acerca de los trabajos de la Convención europea actualmente en marcha1 . Creemos que ambos textos faciltan un acercamiento crítico y constructivo a dos procesos cargados de implicaciones éticas y sociales.
"Hojas (vivas) del Derecho (de los negocios). Un ensayo sobre el mercado" (Recensión)
Authors: Paniagua Zurera Manuel
Published: May 2020

Recensión de la obra de: JIMÉNEZ DE PARGA, R., (2001), Hojas (vivas) del Derecho (de los negocios). Un ensayo sobre el mercado, Madrid, Marcial Pons, 230 págs.
环境监测水和废水现场采样的影响因素分析
Authors: 刘 明野 , 蒋 亮
Published: May 2020

废水污染是主要环境问题之一,水和废水现场采样是掌握水体环境污染情况的主要环节,现场采样时影响因素比较多,任何一个因素控制不当,都会影响总体效果。基于此,本文结合理论实践,在简要阐述废水现场采样影响因素的基础上,分析具体的处理措施,对提升水和废水现场采样精度有一定参考。
Review of the monography -Pilipchuk Ya. V. Social history of the Kipchaks in the IX-XIII centuries. Kiev, 2018
Authors: Timokhin Dmitry , Tishin Vladimir
Published: May 2020

This review of Y. V. Pilipchuk's monograph "the Social history of the Kipchaks in the XI - XIII centuries" is an attempt to analyze in detail the only experience of understanding the social history of the Kipchaks at the moment.
O lúdico na educação infantil: A dança e imaginário nas aulas de Educação Física
Authors: Silva Érica Jacira de Araújo , Silva José Ernando de Farias
Published: May 2020

O presente artigo buscou trazer algumas reflexões sobre o lúdico e sua importância na Educação Infantil aliada ao conteúdo dança na Educação Física. Estudos afirmam esta importância no desenvolvimento cognitivo, físico e emocional das crianças O trabalho aborda, sucintamente, as discussões sobre infância, ludicidade, Dança e Educação Infantil, sobretudo no que diz respeito à questão da aprendizagem de que forma é concebida neste ciclo. A ludicidade é uma forma prazerosa de aprender, brincando reconhecendo-o o corpo de si e do outro, a dança traz a expressão natural de cada individuo criando seu próprio mundo.
Akupunktur in der Prävention, Behandlung von Verletzungen und Verbesserung der Leistung bei Sportlern: Literatur-Review
Authors: Junior Julio Cesar Dias
Published: May 2020

Studien haben gezeigt, dass Akupunktur verbessert die körperliche Leistungsfähigkeit bei Profisportlern, aber das große Problem sind Sportverletzungen, die sie von Aktivitäten für längere Zeit verlassen können. Die Studie führte eine Literaturrecherche durch, die die Wirksamkeit der Technik bei der Prävention, Verbesserung der Leistung und bei der Behandlung von Läsionen anstrebte. Einige Autoren veranschaulichen und klären den Prozess der Schmerzneurophysiologie und die Art und Weise, wie Akupunktur in dieses Problem eingreifen kann, andere entwickeln und wenden Protokolle an, um eine Verbesserung der Leistung, Behandlung von Krankheiten und Prävention von Verletzung. Unter den Ergebnissen wurden 89 Artikel zu diesem Thema gefunden, wo: zweiundzwanzig berichteten über die Behandlung von Läsionen und 37 die Prävention und Verbesserung der sportlichen Leistung, die Anwendung einmal in der Woche, von 20 – 30 Minuten, zufriedenstellende Ergebnisse für die analysierten Daten. Basierend auf dieser Literatur und evidenzbasierten Praxis kann geschlossen werden, dass Akupunktur eine große Intervention ist, um diese Ziele im Bereich des Sports zu erreichen.
Fatores relacionados ao superendividamento do consumidor de baixa renda
Authors: Gonzaga Samara Coelho
Published: May 2020

Uma das grandes preocupações sobre o desenvolvimento e globalização da sociedade é o excesso de dividas, ou que pode ser denominado como o superendividamento, com o propósito de adquirir produtos que são muitas vezes inviáveis devido ao poder aquisitivo, cada vez mais as pessoas recorrem a métodos de crédito fácil, resultando em um grande problema econômico e social. Com base no contexto realizado que a presente pesquisa tem o objetivo de demonstrar os fatores e aspectos que estão relacionados a causa do superendividamento nos consumidores de baixa renda. A metodologia adotada é um estudo bibliográfico que teve como base as literaturas que possuem relação ao tema e assunto pesquisado e teve como intuito os autores mais qualificados do meio acadêmico e citados. Dessa forma, a partir do conteúdo desenvolvido foi possível constatar que os consumidores de baixa renda são os mais afetados pelo superendividamento, tendo em vista os problemas sociais enfrentados no baixo poder aquisitivo e fazendo uso das ofertas fáceis de crédito, através da ausência de uma legislação determinante com relação ao assunto e por ser influenciado através das técnicas e práticas de marketing de consumo.
Contribuições da Neuropsicologia: Altas Habilidades/Superdotação
Authors: Galvão Jéssyca de Alcantara
Published: May 2020

A Neuropsicologia é um campo da psicologia e das neurociências que estuda as relações entre o sistema nervoso central, o funcionamento cognitivo e o comportamento. Desde os primórdios, os pesquisadores da área buscam compreensões à respeito da anatomia do cérebro e a sua correlação com as habilidades cognitivas. A neuropsicologia está em constante avanço e transformação, e, dessa forma, os achados dessa ciência oferecem cada vez mais respaldo teórico e metodológico para os profissionais e possibilitam intervenções e tratamentos mais adequados aos pacientes. Apesar dos avanços em pesquisa acerca das habilidades cognitivas, atualmente ainda existem dificuldades quanto ao reconhecimento de indivíduos com Altas Habilidades/Superdotação. Além disso, em muitas das vezes, confunde-se AH/SD com transtornos. Por essa razão, este estudo bibliográfico apresenta as principais contribuições da Neuropsicologia para a identificação e desenvolvimento de pessoas com AH/SD, denotando os aspectos históricos, os principais avanços e o cenário atual. A análise dos dados coletados em artigos, teses, livros, leis e políticas públicas vigentes evidenciou que ainda não existe uma classificação precisa para a compreensão das AH/SD. O que se sabe atualmente é que a inteligência é um dos fatores para a identificação, porém outras aptidões também são consideradas como os aspectos artísticos, motivacionais e a capacidade de liderança. Há, ainda, a associação dos resultados de testes psicológicos com exames de neuroimagem. Em continuidade a investigação, averiguou-se os mecanismos neuropsicológicos de pessoas identificadas com AH/SD. Os resultados das pesquisas examinadas apontam uma relação entre o quociente intelectual e a atividade cerebral bem como indicativos de diferenças no funcionamento e anatomia do cérebro dessas pessoas quando comparadas com sujeitos de quociente intelectual médio. O último tópico aborda a realidade brasileira de crianças e adolescentes com AH/SD na perspectiva escolar, as dificuldades quanto ao processo de identificação e o atendimento adequado para esses indivíduos.