bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Recognition and Receptivity: Forms of Normative Response in the Lives of the Animals We Are
Authors: Kompridis Nikolas
Published: May 2013

Much of what has driven recent developments in political theories of recognition has been the attempt to diagnose recognition failures as particularly salient forms of injustice – be they distributive or cultural. If we wish to bring literary theory into dialogue with political theory around questions of recognition, as Rita Felski has proposed, perhaps the case of Elizabeth Costello in J. M. Coetzee’s The Lives of Animals is a particularly good, because particularly difficult, place to start. Not least because the failure of recognition at issue here is the failure to recognize—in some full-blooded sense of the word—the life and death concerns of a fictional person. What kind of failure is that? Does anything much hang on it? If so, what? What does such a failure tell us about the subject of recognition? What does it tell us about ourselves? What would it tell us about ourselves if this sort of failure, concerning the life of a fictional person were a failure to which we could be indifferent or unaccountable? Is there another form of normative response that does what recognition cannot? Is there something that political theorists can learn about their own concerns from the way they are figured in literature? How must literature mean for political theorists if they are to learn from it what they cannot learn from political philosophy or political theory?”
Reading for Recognition
Authors: Fluck Winfried
Published: May 2013

In the past decades the topic of recognition has moved to the center of critical theories and philosophical debates. Can these theories be of use for literary studies? This essay discusses the relation between literature and recognition in five parts: first, a comparison of two different perspectives on recognition that are especially suggestive for possible uses of the concept in literary studies; second, a discussion of the question of identity, since, in current debates, recognition is inextricably linked with questions of identity formation; third, an overview of some of the dominant motifs and patterns in narratives of recognition in order to highlight the amazing centrality of the theme in a wide range of literary texts and literary genres and to regain an awareness of an imaginary core of literature that has often been forgotten in the professionalization of literary studies; fourth, a discussion to what extent recognition can also be understood and described as an effect of the reading experience (and of aesthetic experience more generally); and fifth, a return to the starting question of the relation between literature and recognition, focusing on the issue of reciprocity and on the challenge provided by normative theories of recognition.
Ethopoiesis : Foucault’s Late Ethics and the Sublime Body
Authors: Lee James
Published: May 2013

This paper argues that Neil Hertz’s model of the sublime turn allows us to perceive the aesthetic, and specifically literary, consequences of Foucault’s late ethics reimagined as a sublime poetics. In doing so, the present analysis attempts to reanimate the concept of the sublime as a powerful ethical category reconceiving the subject in terms of the acts of writing that structure a constitutive aesthetic relationship to her own body. More generally, this account of Foucault proposes that his late ethics, and not necessarily the politics of his earlier work, holds the most interest for literary critics, since these ideas explicitly rethink ethics as a poetics, and thus foreground the frequently underrecognized force of literary creation, and not simply cultural representation, in shaping subjects of power.
Civilizing Societies: Recognition and Respect in a Global World
Authors: Assmann Aleida
Published: May 2013

The essay discusses the terms “recognition” and “respect” as new transcultural candidates for our post-ideological age. Although intimately connected with each other, the two terms have different genealogies, historical baggage, and ranges of application. The essay begins with eighteenth-century England, introducing the important bourgeois concepts of politeness and civility as new enlightened norms for social and transcultural behaviour. In the second part, the focus of the discussion is the anthropological concept of recognition as a vital resource for individual and collective identity construction. The last part introduces “respect” as a complementary term to “recognition,” offering a distinction between different forms of respect. It is the aim of this historical and conceptual analysis to reframe some of the crucial problems of our current social, political, and literary debates. Without disregarding differences, new global forms of respect simultaneously create and strengthen social ties that overcome the divisive aspects of difference through assertions of solidarity and similarity. In spite of, across, and underneath differences, civility is the practical response to the important recognition that we are all citizens of the same world.
Cosmopolitanism and Indigenism: The Uses of Cultural Authenticity in an Age of Flows
Authors: Chiu Kuei-fen
Published: May 2013

In an age of vibrant flows and border crossings, the notion of inauthenticity seems essential to conceptualizing the cultural production of our time. This paper examines two models of literary praxis that underscore the important role of inheritance in literary/cultural production, namely Taiwanese cosmopolitanism and indigenism. Though seemingly opposed to each other, the two paradigms operate with a great emphasis on the notion of cultural authenticity. They ask difficult questions, such as “What does it mean to identify oneself as an heir to a cultural tradition that is considered oppressive and overpowering to one’s native culture?”; “What constitutes ‘cultural authenticity’ in an age of ceaseless change and border-crossings?”; “What material stakes may be involved in the evocation of the notion of authenticity in literary praxis?” These two paradigms, as illustrated by two prominent writers from Taiwan—Yang Mu and Sayman Rapongan, demonstrate how the untimely question of authenticity may help shed light on some of the critical issues in global literary and cultural studies.
In Defense of Paraphrase
Authors: Fessenbecker Patrick
Published: May 2013

This essay notes initially an assumption underlying much of the criticism addressing ethics and literaturethe belief that if there is something especially ethically significant about literature, it results from the peculiar nature of the relationship between the aesthetic text and its reader. Readings relying on this assumption often seek to outperform each other in emphasizing their attention to the ineffable features of literary texts, while criticizing rivals as inappropriately reading for a paraphrasable “message” commendable on philosophical grounds. I suggest that an alternative approach, one that sees the paraphrasable ideas such texts express as part of what makes them worthwhile, would be promising. The essay goes on to defend this account from two objections: an aesthetic objection, which suggests that it is mistaken to see literary texts as making theoretical assertions at all; and an objection from the history of literary criticism, which points out that it is debatable whether this approach is really new. I respond to the first by arguing that in fact moral-philosophical ideas are a necessary element of the artistic form of narratives, especially that of realist novels. Insofar as narratives necessarily involve the depiction of persons who make decisions and subsequently act, they cannot help but present at least an implicit view of the nature of human agency. Moreover, when narrators describe and reflect upon the decisions and actions of such characters, their articulations bring the implicit philosophical claims to a level of awareness. I draw out these ideas through a brief reading of George Eliot’s Middlemarch . The reply to the second objection depends on a genealogy of interpretative theory, one that draws out how an opposition to critical emphasis on ideas in literature developed within formalist theories of the novel, a process culminating in the New Critical insistence that literary ideas matter only insofar as they create an aesthetic structure. The genealogy shows then how deconstruction and the hermeneutics of suspicion share this fundamental opposition through their insistence that one must go beyond the mere ideas in a text to something more fundamental—either its reliance upon a fundamental instability or its repression of a non-normative political entity. Against this opposition, I propose a “content formalism”: an approach that openly admits its primary attention to the intellectual content of the literary work while accompanying this attitude with a non-reductive recognition of the importance of literary form.
Cognition is Recognition: Literary Knowledge and Textual “Face”
Authors: Simpson James
Published: May 2013

Our language for the truths of literature is reformist and nominalist; our experience of reading is, by contrast, habitual and idealist. Contrary to the way we talk about what kind of new, liberatory truths literature expresses, our reading practice itself is grounded in long-standing forms of recognition. Every time we interpret we recall deep seated, ingrained and circular protocols that give us access to truths immanent within the separate realms of literary experience. As interpreters, we depend on préjugés that produce recognition of already existing truths. Literary knowledge, that is, is dependent on recognition. We know because we knew. Literary cognition is fundamentally a matter of re-cognition. This default position for reading is certainly at odds with any revolutionary pedagogic program that prizes originality and pure novelty, wholly freed from the strictures of the past. The default practice of “recognitional” reading proposed here is not, however, at odds with a reformist and a nominalist interpretation of a work, since the recognitions of literary experience are not instances of mere repetition; on the contrary, the literary recognitions we care about are memorable because we see a truth—we know the place, we see a face—as for the first time, and as unique. The recognition is old and general; the force of the recognition is reformist and very particular.
The 'Discovery' of Penang Island at Tanjong Tokong before 1785: Bapu Alaidin Meera Hussein Lebai and Captain Francis Light
Authors: Karim Wazir Jahan
Published: May 2013

While historians dispute that Penang Island was 'ceded' and was in fact 'occupied' illegally on 11 August 1786, contravening the proposal for and conditions of the temporary lease of the island from Sultan Abdullah of Kedah, local Malay accounts of Tanjong Tokong's early history support statements that Captain Francis Light was determined to claim the island on behalf of the EIC, regardless of whether the lease was permanently secured; hence the eventual attack by Sultan Abdullah in 1791. Malay villagers at Tanjong Tokong, through oral histories and written genealogies, trace and blame the intrusion on Bapu Alaidin Meera Hussein Lebai who, they claim, led English scouts to the peak of Bukit Meriam (Cannon Hill) where a Malay trading and fishing village had been established. Soon afterwards, land transfers to a French Roman Catholic order forced villagers to move downhill to merge with a Malay fishing village on the 'water's teeth' (gigi air). Hence land titles were never obtained, except by Bapu Alaidin who had assisted Captain Francis Light secure the hill as a military post and eventually a French Roman Catholic mission.
Chettiar Moneylenders and Rural Credit in British Malaya
Authors: Kratoska Paul H.
Published: May 2013

Nattukottai Chettiar moneylenders were a major source of investment capital in British Malaya during the nineteenth century. They gained notoriety when rural indebtedness became an issue in the 1920s and 1930s, but their significance went far beyond loans to small farmers. This article draws together archival material and recent research findings to describe how Chettiar moneylending evolved as firms broadened their business activities, and why an increasingly hostile political environment following the Japanese Occupation led the Chettiars to withdraw from Malaya.
The 'Everett Collection from Borneo Caves' in the Natural History Museum, London: Its Origin, Composition and Potential for Research
Authors: Of Earl
Published: May 2013

An inventory has been made of archaeological material in the Natural History Museum, London, arising from the joint British Association/Royal Society investigation of Borneo caves undertaken by Alfred Hart Everett in 1878-9. Unregistered mammal specimens have been entered in the Palaeontology register (M series) and other animal remains have been given provisional identification numbers. This collection was made at the height of scientific enthusiasm for Darwin's theory of natural selection. The support of A. R. Wallace, who had experience of the limestone area of Sarawak, led to the choice of Everett to undertake the investigation. Everett's background and subsequent career are summarized and his working methods are evaluated. The disposition of his finds is described, and his cave excavations are reconstructed as far as possible, with a summary tabulation of finds. An assessment is made of the reliability of Everett's field data, and the value of this collection for future research.
Three Men and a Bird - Motley, Dillwyn, Stickland, and Copsychus stricklandii - and an Introduction to Bornean Nature for Alfred Russel Wallace
Authors: Laverty Martin
Published: May 2013

A bird endemic to Sabah and NE Kalimantan is named after the first English geologist to be killed by a train. Finding out why reveals a link between the two most prolific natural history writers and collectors in 1850s Borneo, James Motley and Alfred Russel Wallace.
Recovering Destination from Devastation: Tourism, Image, and Economy Along the Hurricane Coasts
Authors: Schumann Ronald L.
Published: May 2013

Economías costeras impulsadas por turismo son susceptibles a daño físico causado por los huracanes y daños no físicos de una imagen de destino negativamente alterada. Mientras que algunos estudios cuestionan el papel de la imagen de destino turístico en la recuperación después de un desastre natural, los que sí tratan la imagen de destino en forma aislada de otros parámetros sociales y económicos se conocen por influenciar la recuperación. Para solucionar este inconveniente, este estudio utiliza métodos mixtos para investigar cómo la imagen de destino, trabajando en conjunto con la vulnerabilidad social de los residentes locales, la dependencia de la economía local en el turismo, y la popularidad del destino antes de la tormenta, puede alterar el modelo económico de desarrollo turístico en los condados de la costa del sudeste de los EE.UU. recuperándose de azotes de huracán. Los resultados muestran que los patrones de la recuperación económica no se ajustan a los patrones estándar de daño físico a lo largo de la ruta del huracán. También subrayan la importancia de la diversidad económica y una imagen de destino positiva en el fomento de una recuperación rápida del sector turismo después de los huracanes.
Pentagon Contracts and Dixie
Authors: Warf Barney
Published: May 2013

Los estudios geográficos recientes sobre el gasto militar se caracterizan por un silencio estridente. Este trabajo analiza los contratos del Pentágono adjudicados a los condados del Sur en 2011, incluyendo la rama de las fuerzas armadas que los otorgó. Éste abre con una descripción general de las cambiantes literaturas sobre este tema. En segundo lugar, cartografía la distribución de estos fondos, enfatizando su concentración muy desigual en unos pocos lugares, centrándose en los principales motores de su distribución, como los grandes contratistas comerciales con estrechos vínculos con el gobierno federal y la presencia de bases militares. A continuación, el artículo investiga varias posibles correlaciones sociodemográficas con contratos militares, incluyendo ingresos familiares, origen étnico y afiliación política. La conclusión indica que el gasto militar en el Sur puede contraerse durante los períodos sostenidos de reducción del presupuesto del gobierno federal.
Displacement and the Racial State in Olympic Atlanta 1990–1996
Authors: Gustafson Seth
Published: May 2013

Contribuciones recientes a la teoría crítica racial y estudios de refugiados pueden pulir y extender los análisis de desplazamiento urbano en ciudades globales emergentes, especialmente con respecto a cómo estas ciudades se visualizan demográficamente. En los seis años inmediatamente precediendo los Juegos Olímpicos de 1996, la ciudad de Atlanta desplazó muchos pobladores de vecindarios y vivienda pública, a la vez que ilegalmente arrestaba miles más, a su vez, moviendo muchos habitantes de la calle a la cárcel de la ciudad. Utilizando The Racial State de David Theo Goldberg junto con el trabajo de Peter Nyers sobre Rethinking Refugees , este ensayo propone que el gobierno municipal de Atlanta y sus aliados cívicos, en su afán por el estatus de una ciudad global “autentica”, exhibió características de un estado urbano racial predicado sobre la imagen del desplazado y su ausencia.
Downstream Trends in Grain Size, Angularity, and Sorting of Channel-Bed and Bank Deposits in a Coastal Plain Sand-Bed River: the Pascagoula River System, Mississippi, USA
Authors: Musselman Zachary A. , Tarbox Allison M.
Published: May 2013

Cambios en el lecho del canal y el tamaño de partícula de la cuenca baja que se producen en el sistema de Pascagoula River, un clima húmedo sub-tropical, arena del lecho de la corriente que fluye a través de la llanura costera del Golfo se resumen en este ensayo. Tomas de muestras recogidas en 59 sitios a lo largo de los dos principales sistemas de ríos se caracterizaron medi-ante análisis de laboratorio y estadísticos, e índices estándar de sedimentación (Φ5, Φ16, Φ50, Φ84, Φ95, y clasificando). Muestras del lecho del canal muestran una tendencia de refinación en la zona baja de la cuenca. Desviaciones estándar inclusivas gráficas se calcularon para estimar la clasificación; toda la cuenca reveló una clasificación moderada, sin una clara indicación de un aumento en la zona baja de la cuenca. La forma del grano Modal de todas las muestras de material muestra que el material del banco es ligeramente más angular que el material del lecho. Unos porcentajes bajos de recubrimientos se observan en la mayoría de las muestras, sugiriendo que la cuenca del río Pascagoula tiene un sistema de transporte de sedimentos activos. El bajo relieve y la litología similar dentro de la cuenca del río Pascagoula hacen estos datos empíricos únicos y los resultados relevantes dentro del estudio de la dinámica de los sistemas fluviales.
Foreign-born Latino Labor Market Concentration in Six Metropolitan Areas in the U.S. South
Authors: Gleave Sara , Wang Qingfang
Published: May 2013

Comparando con entradas de inmigración ya establecidas, sabemos relativamente poco sobre experiencias de mercado laboral latino nacido en el extranjero en nuevos destinos de inmigración. El objetivo de este estudio es examinar las experiencias de mercado laboral de la fuerza laboral hispana nacida en el extranjero en cinco áreas estadísticas metropolitanas del sur como relativamente nuevos destinos latinos, comparado con Miami como una entrada ya establecida. Utilizando datos del American Community Survey de 2006–2010, este estudio examina los patrones de concentración y características asociadas del mercado laboral latino nacido en el extranjero. Los resultados indican una alta concentración de latinos nacidos en el extranjero en generalmente industrias de bajo adiestramiento y de bajos salarios, tales como la construcción, restaurantes, servicios a edificios, y jardinería a lo largo de casi todas las áreas estadísticas (MSAs). Mientras la educación, fluidez en inglés, y extensión del tiempo en los EE.UU. están significativamente asociados con estos patrones, los nuevos destinos de la inmigración latina demuestran niveles más altos de concentración industrial.
2012 – the success-year of the 20 year-old Hungarian adult heart transplant program
Authors: Szabolcs Zoltán , Hartyánszky István , Hüttl Tivadar , Fazekas Levente , Balogh Orsolya , Becker Dávid , Soós Pál , Varga Tamás , Paulovich Erzsébet , Németh Endre , Rácz Kristóf , Horkay Ferenc , Merkely Béla
Published: May 2013

The Hungarian adult heart transplant program, which started in 1992, has changed gradually in the past 20 years. After the early enthusiasm of the first cases it changed significantly and it became an organized programme. However, low donation activity and moderate referral numbers to the national transplant waiting list slowed down the process therefore, heart transplant numbers did not fulfill expectations in the early years. After a moderate increase in 2007 transplant numbers have dropped again until recently when Hungary partially joined Eurotransplant network. Excess fundamental resources allocated to cardiac transplantation by health care professionals and reorganizing transplant coordination as well as logistics forced dramatic changes in clinical management. In 2011 and 2012 major structural changes had been made at Semmelweis University. The newly established transplant intensive care unit and the initiation of mechanical circulatory support and assist device programme increased transplant numbers by 131% compared to previous years, as well as it resulted an 86.63% 30-day survival rate, hence last year was the most successful year of cardiac transplantation ever. Orv. Hetil., 2013, 154, 863–867.
Progress of the liver transplantation programme in Hungary
Authors: Kóbori László , Görög Dénes , Fehérvári Imre , Nemes Balázs , Fazakas János , Sárváry Enikő , Varga Marina , Gerlei Zsuzsanna , Doros Attila , Monostory Katalin , Perner Ferenc
Published: May 2013

The history of organ transplantation in Hungary dates back to 50 years, and the first succesful liver transplantation was performed in the United States in that time as well. The number of patients with end stage liver disease increased worldwide, and over 7000 patients die in each year due to liver disease in Hungary. The most effective treatment of end-stage liver disease is liver transplantation. The indications of liver transplantation represent a wide spectrum including viral, alcoholic or other parenchymal liver cirrhosis, but cholestatic liver disease and acute fulminant cases are also present in the daily routine. In pediatric patients biliary atresia and different forms of metabolic liver disorders represent the main indication for liver transplantation. The results of liver transplantation in Hungary are optimal with over 80% long-term survival. For better survival individual drug therapy and monitoring are introduced in liver transplant candidates. Orv. Hetil., 2013, 154, 858–862.
Role of simultaneous pancreas-kidney transplantation in the treatment of diabetes mellitus
Authors: Kalmár Nagy Károly , Horváth Szabolcs , Szakály Péter , Piros László , Langer Róbert
Published: May 2013

The life expectancy of patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus is inferior to that of patients with some malignancies. Simultaneous pancreas-kidney transplantation is the procedure providing the best survival results among all options of renal replacement therapy. The operative techniques and immunosuppresion have been standardized in the last decade. Although the number of transplantable organs falls behind the need, simultaneous pancreas-kidney transplantation is the method of choice for the eligible patients. The results of the two Hungarian simultaneous pancreas-kidney transplantation programs are in accordance with data published in the international literature. Orv. Hetil., 2013, 154, 850–856.
50-year history of kidney transplantation in Hungary
Authors: Szederkényi Edit , Szenohradszky Pál , Csajbók Ernő , Perner Ferenc , Asztalos László , Kalmár Nagy Károly , Langer Róbert
Published: May 2013

The first Hungarian kidney transplantation was performed by András Németh in Szeged in 1962, approximately 50 years ago. A preliminary agreement with Eurotransplant was signed in 2011, and special patient groups gained benefit from this cooperation in 2012, wnich lead to a full membership to Eurotransplant. This event inspired the authors to review the history of Hungarian kidney transplantation of the past 50 years, from the first operation to recent via the specific cornerstones of the transplant program. The donor of the first Hungarian kidney transplantation was the brother of the recipient. The operation itself was technically successful, but the lack of immunosuppression caused graft rejection, and the patient died after 79 days. His brother, the donor, is still healthy, after 50 years, and he encourages everybody to donate organs. Organized kidney transplant program started more than 10 years later, such as 1973, in Budapest. The program was supported by the Ministry of Health. New centers joined the program later, Szeged in 1979, Debrecen in 1991 and Pécs in 1993. These four transplant centers work currently in Hungary, and 6611 kidney transplantation has been performed up to the end of year 2012. Orv. Hetil., 2013, 154, 846–849.
Weed Control in White Bean with Pendimethalin Applied Preplant Followed by Postemergence Broadleaved Herbicides
Authors: Soltani N. , Nurse R.E. , Shropshire C. , Sikkema P.H.
Published: May 2013

Field trials were conducted over a three-year period (2009 to 2011) to evaluate the efficacy of pendimethalin preplant-incorporated (PPI), bentazon, fomesafen, bentazon plus fomesafen, or halosulfuron applied postemergence (POST) and the sequential application of pendimethalin applied PPI followed by bentazon, fomesafen, bentazon plus fomesafen or halosulfuron applied POST in white bean in Ontario. There was minimal effect on seed moisture content of white bean with the herbicides evaluated. Pendimethalin provided 97% control of A. retroflexus, 9% of A. artemisiifolia, 90% of C. album, 12% of S. arvensis, and 96% of S.viridis. Bentazon, fomesafen, bentazon plus fomesafen, and halosulfuron applied POST provided as much as 93% control of A. retroflexus, 86% control of A. artemisiifolia, 72% control of C. album, 99% control of S. arvensis, and 29% control of S. viridis. The sequential application of pendimethalin applied PPI followed by bentazon, fomesafen, bentazon plus fomesafen, and halosulfuron applied POST provided 100% control of A. retroflexus, 87% control of A. artemisiifolia, 90% control of C. album, 100% control of S. arvensis, and 95% control of S .viridis, respectively. White bean yield generally reflected the level of weed control.
Adult Rat Bone Marrow-Derived Stem Cells Promote Late Fetal Type II Cell Differentiation in a Co-Culture Model
Authors: Knoll AB , Brockmeyer T , Chevalier R , Zscheppang K , Nielsen HC , Dammann CE
Published: May 2013

Bronchopulmonary dysplasia develops in preterm infants due to a combination of lung immaturity and lung injury. Cultured pluripotent bone marrow stem cells (BMSC) are known to reduce injury and induce repair in adult and in immature lungs, possibly through paracrine secretion of soluble factors. The paracrine relationship between BMSC and primary fetal lung epithelial type II cells is unknown. We determined the effects of BMSC on type II cell and fibroblast behavior using anin vitroco-culture model. Rat BMSC were isolated and co-cultured with primary fetal E21 rat type II cells or lung fibroblasts in a Transwell®system without direct cell contact. Effects of BMSC conditioned media (CM) on type II cell and fibroblast proliferation and on type II cell surfactant phospholipid (DSPC) synthesis and mRNA expression of surfactant proteins B and C (sftpbandsftpc)were studied. We also determined the effect of fibroblast and type II cell CM on BMSC proliferation and surface marker expression. Co-culture with BMSC significantly decreased type II cell and fibroblast proliferation to 72.5% and 83.7% of controls, respectively. Type II cell DSPC synthesis was significantly increased by 21% andsftpbandsftpcmRNA expressions were significantly induced (2.1 fold and 2.4 fold, respectively). BMSC proliferation was significantly reduced during the co-culture. Flow cytometry confirmed that BMSC retained the expression of undifferentiated stem cell markers despite their exposure to fetal lung cell CM. We conclude that BMSC induce fetal type II cell differentiation through paracrine release of soluble factors. These studies provide clues for how BMSC may act in promoting alveolar repair following injury.
Effects of Perinatal Protein-Nacl Diets on Offspring's Blood Pressure and
Renal Function in Lewis Rats
Authors: Lee Jong Y. , Azar Silvia H.
Published: May 2013

Perinatal diets may affect the cardiovascular-renal functions of offspring. To understand effects of maternal diet
on the renal function and blood pressure (BP) of offspring, protein (10% low, LP; 23% normal, NP) and/or NaCl (4% high
salt, HS; 0.6% normal, NS) diets were started at pre-pregnancy through pups' weaning to either a 4% high NaCl (hs) or
0.6% NaCl (ns) diet. Telemetered BP data was analyzed by methods of linear least square rhythmometry. Systolic BPs
(circadian mean ±SE mm Hg) were: NPNSns, 131±2; NPNShs, 137±2; NPHSns, 137±0.2; NPHShs, 134±3; LPNSns,
138±1; LPNShs, 138±0.6; LPHSns, 135±2; LPHShs, 142±2. Offspring in NPNShs and NPHSns had significantly increased
SBPs versus NPNSns (both P<0.05). Most LP-offspring had increased SBP (P<0.01 to <0.05) and lower body
weight (BW) with smaller glomerular filtration rate changes (renal reserve, RR-GFR) following overnight acute highprotein
loads: RR-GFRs (inulin, ml/min/g kidney) for groups stated above were, respectively: 0.935; 0.927; 0.537; -0.064;
-0.229; 0.057; -0.515; -0.404. The kidney weight/BW ratio of offspring was higher on hs- than on ns-diets (all P<0.001).
Rats on a low caloric diet had reduced sclerotic glomerular numbers compared to those on normal diets (11.2±1 vs.
15.7±2, P<0.001), though glomerular numbers were similar in both groups.

In summary, perinatal LP-HS diets significantly affected the BW, BP, renal injuries and kidney function of offspring. RR
was seriously reduced, especially among offspring in hs- and perinatal LP groups. The most interesting result was the
glomerular maturation staging in the pups, which suggests delayed nephrogenesis by a maternal LP diet.
Feeding Children in a Rural Area: Proper Nutrition and Psycho-Social
Development
Authors: Luz Martinez Pineiro Adriana , Ballali Simonetta , Berchialla Paola , Chiffi Daniele , del Socorro del Rio Angulo Maria , Giunta Francesco , Stanchi Rossana , Gregori Dario
Published: May 2013

Children nutrition in early life plays a relevant role not only in general health but also in development, with
special regards to school performances and attention. Desarrollo Integral de la Juventud Oaxaqueña (DIJO) is a nongovernmental
association which since 1993 has developed programs directed towards the education of children, youth and
families in and around the city of Oaxaca. This study was performed from February 2009 to July 2011, and involved a
total of 286 children from 1st to 6th grade. The principal aim was to assess the results of the Educational intervention
performed in the colonies of Monte Alban, Tlalixtac and Xoxocotlan, Oaxaca, Mexico. Two types of questionnaires were
administered to children. The first one, shorter, consisted in 16 questions, divided into 4 areas of investigation:
communication, comprehension, artistic expression and development. The second questionnaire was an expanded version
of the previous one, administered in Monte Alban colony. When considered the data of the whole number of participants,
the evaluation of total score of all the groups showed a significant improvement from the initial phase to the final one
(p<0.001). After performing a multiple comparison of the three phases of the cycle (initial-final, intermediate-final, initialintermediate),
the results indicated a significant improvement when considering all initial phases initial (p<0.001). The
results were all consistent in showing a significant improvement in all considered domains, proving therefore the
successfulness of the method in addressing both facets of the problem.
How Mothers Cook in Chile: an Experimental Exercise to Use Food Labels
to Control Portion Sizes
Authors: Gregori Dario , Ballali Simonetta , Vecchio Maria Gabriella , Contreras Luis Marcel Valenzuela , Correa Jorge Baeza , Perez Cecilia Bahamonde , Luengo Jorge Barrera , Moyano Edgardo , Arrieta Maurizio , Gutierrez Angelo
Published: May 2013

Portion size of food and drink products is an important factor when providing nutrition information for food
labeling purposes. The present study was conducted in order to understand more about consumer attitudes and
understanding of portion size information on food and drink products. An experimental trial was performed on mothers
and one of their relative. The participants were asked to prepare two meals (one meant for a child, one for an adult), with
ingredients measured only with kitchen tools. Participants were stratified by portion size information in two groups, one
with labels bearing the “100 gram” and one with “per portion”. Subsequently, every participant was interviewed on the
basis of a questionnaire assessing nutritional and portioning knowledge. When measured the total Kcal of prepared meals
after the simulation, an increase of calories was recorded in the group of subjects who prepared foods bearing the100g
label, although not statistically significant(p =0.842). Portion size use seemed to be a more intuitive way to properly share
nutritional information on food label, especially when considering common traditional recipes. Meals responsible
appeared to be much more at ease with per portion labeling, when preparing both children's meals and adult ones.
How to Communicate Nutritional Information to People: the Attitudes of
Chile Population Toward Food
Authors: Gregori Dario , Ballali Simonetta , Vecchio Maria Gabriella , Contreras Luis Marcel Valenzuela , Correa Jorge Baeza , Perez Cecilia Bahamonde , Luengo Jorge Barrera , Moyano Edgardo , Arrieta Maurizio , Gutierrez Angelo , Ghidina Marco , Giunta Francesco , Walker Marcela Alvina
Published: May 2013

Nutrition labelling on food products represents an important tool for promoting healthy eating in consumers,
and to guarantee transparency and clarity on products' characteristics. In an ideal scenario, consumers' better
understanding and subsequently better compliance to nutritional facts would result in healthier choices, which could lead
to an improved diet and to a reduction in disease-related risk factors. Research is necessary not only in assessing
consumers' preferences towards different labels formats, but also to evaluate their ability to process food labels and their
disposition towards new regulations concerning labelling. In our study, an ad-hoc survey was conducted to assess general
knowledge and use of different labels and nutrition fact information in a Chilean sample (n= 1280), which was
interviewed through a phone survey, performed over a 1-month period, in September 2012. The major part of the
interviewees did not habitually read the labels and showed a low interest in paying an additional fee for additional
information (89%). The rest was willing to pay an additional fee of the 5%, in order to get information expressed as Kcal
per portion in 68% of cases compared to per 100g. Chilean consumers appeared to be interested to nutritional matters and
considered nutritional labelling as a proper tool to achieve a healthy lifestyle. Considering the Chilean low knowledge on
nutritional labelling, it is necessary to improve nutrition messages and nutrition knowledge among the Chilean population
through fast action, especially to help consumers to make health-conscious choices.
Rhabdomyolysis Following Bariatric Surgery: a Retrospective Analysis
Authors: Forfori Francesco , Sidoti Anna , Taddei Riccardo , Terrasini Nora , Arbeid Erik , Gregori Dario , Giunta Francesco , Chuntranuluck Sawitri
Published: May 2013

Background:

Rhabdomyolysis (RML) indicates a skeletal muscle necrosis which results in an emission of
intracellular contents from myocytes into the circulatory system. It has been recognized to be a complication of bariatric
surgery. A high BMI and a prolonged operative time are the main risk factors associated to the development of RML. The
aim of this study is to define the incidence and the main features of RML in a cohort of obese patients undergoing
bariatric surgery.

Materials and Methods:

a retrospective observational analysis was carried out on 100 patients undergone bariatric
surgery. The bariatric operations were open or laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) and laparoscopic sleeve
gastrectomy (SG); they were performed at the university hospital Nuovo S. Chiara in 2011.

Results:

6 of 100 patients enrolled developed RML. Three of these also showed acute kidney injury due to RML (50%). A
significant correlation between post-operative increased creatine phosphokinase (CPK) levels and BMI was found
(r=0.369; r2=0,137; p=0.005) as well as a significant correlation between the increased levels of creatine phosphokinase,
myoglobin and operative time (increased operative time - highest CPK: r=0.550; r2=0.302; p<0.0001; increased operative
time - highest myoglobin: r=0.553; r2=0.305; p<0.0001). Moreover, hypertension and prolonged operative time were
found to be variables associated with RML in bivariate analysis.

Conclusions:

The incidence of RML following bariatric surgery was 6%. Since rhabdomyolysis is the most important
complication of bariatric surgery, appropriate precautions should be taken during surgery. Post-operative monitoring of
CPK and myoglobin levels is essential for an early diagnosis of RML.
Validation of immunoenzymatic tests for the detection of aflatoxin present in food
Authors: Kirilov Irena , Djokic Gordana , Popov Sasa
Published: May 2013

The significance of this study is reflected in proving the reliability of the
ELISA test for the detection of aflatoxin in food and feed. Verification
tests were based on the use of reference materials with known concentrations
of aflatoxins, contamination of samples by adding known concentrations of
analyte and participation in inter-laboratory studies, by different
perpetrators and different laboratories. By measuring the known
con?centrations of analytes it was proved that aflatoxins, in the selected
samples, were determined in accordance with the requirements defined for a
given method, and it was demonstrated that it is possible to determine the
level / concentration of mycotoxins in relation to the MRL defined by the
Regulation on amendments to the Ordinance on the maximum allowable residue
levels of pesticides in food and feed and feed and feed for which maximum
allowed quantities of residues of plant protection products (Sluzbeni Glasnik
RS broj 28/2011 clan 2. prilog 5. tacka 2).
Influence of mycotoxin zearalenone on the swine reproductive failure
Authors: Prodanov-Radulovic Jasna , Dosen Radoslav , Stojanov Igor , Pusic Ivan , Zivkov-Balos Milica , Ratajac Radomir
Published: May 2013

Reproductive failure in swine is often a difficult diagnostic problem. If
diagnoses of infectious disease or management related problems are not
obtained, feed quality and safety may be questioned. Mycotoxins are often
present in swine feed in the amount that can have detrimental impact on
production and reproduction. Problems are expressed only as alterations of
the reproductive cycle, reduced feed intake, slow growth or impaired feed
efficiency. In Serbia, generally speaking, high concentrations of mycotoxins
were noticed, especially mycotoxin zearalenone. High presence of zearalenone
in swine feed is probably due to climatic influence and should be monitored
constantly. This paper includes field observations regarding the influence of
moldy feed containing mycotoxin zearalenone on the occurrence of the
reproductive failure in swine breeding categories (sows, gilts and boars).
The material for this research was obtained from four swine farms where
certain reproductive disorders and health problems in breeding animals were
detected. Depending on the specificity of each evaluated case and available
material, the applied research methods included: anamnestic and clinical
evaluation, pathomorphological examination, standard laboratory testing for
detection of aerobic and anaerobic bacteria, and microbiological feed
testing, in order to examine the presence of fungi and mycotoxins by applying
the method of thin layer chromatography. On the basis of the obtained
results, it could be concluded that mycotoxin zearalenone was detected in all
examined feed samples. The presence of mycotoxin in feed was directly related
to the reproductive failures in the examined swine categories
(vulvovaginitis, endometritis, rebreeding, infertility). Swine reproduction
represents the base for intensive swine production. The presence of
mycotoxins in swine feed have influence on the reproduction and health status
of pigs and under certain conditions may significantly disturb the production
process.
Presence of T-2 and HT-2 toxins in maize
Authors: Janic-Hajnal Elizabet , Kos Jovana , Mastilovic Jasna
Published: May 2013

Data on the occurrence of T-2 and HT-2 toxins in maize from Serbia and Europe
are very limited. In this study a total of 50 maize samples harvested during
September and October 2012 in Serbia were analyzed. Presence of T-2/HT-2
toxins was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method.
Among the 50 analyzed maize samples even 26 (52.0%) samples were contaminated
with T-2/HT-2 toxins. Concentration interval between 25-60 ?g/kg and 60-200
?g/kg were found in 46.0% and 6.0% of analyzed maize samples, respectively.
Clinical and pathomorphological diagnostics of mycotoxicosis in parent poultry flock caused by T-2 trychotecene
Authors: Kapetanov Milos , Potkonjak Dubravka , Stojanov Igor , Zivkov-Balos Milica , Jaksic Sandra
Published: May 2013

The most relevant mycotoxin from the trychotecene group, T-2, causes
prominent citotoxic effects. The toxin is a secondary product of fungi from
the genus Fusarium that contaminates feed. Oraly intaken, T-2 is absorbed
fast in the upper digestive system and within only 3 to 4 hours later reaches
liver, kidneys and muscle tissue. Clinical and pathological changes are
sometimes not obvious. The case of mycotoxicosis in a breeder flock of
chickens, here presented, is aimed to underline the significance of clinical
and pathological diagnosis supported with laboratory analysis that gave an
objective causative diagnosis. On the farm, the disease occurred suddenly and
with total cessation of feed consumption. First cases were recorded in the
flock at the age of 42 weeks. Grouping, intensive breathing and lying with
overstretched legs and extended neck were symptoms observed in birds. Evident
necrosis of beak tips and painful multi-focal necrosis in oral cavity were
recorded during the clinical examination. On section, dark unclothed blood
was first observed. Other postmortem findings included: filled gizzard with
mucosal erosions and easy-removable cuticle, enlarged congested liver with
multi-focal necrosis and subcapsulary bleeding. The mortality rate increased
by 4%, and the drop of laying rate was by about 18%. The fertility rate
decreased by 22%. There was the increased number of rejected hatching eggs,
12%. Culture of the complete diet resulted in approximately 150000 colonies
per 1g of Fusarium. T-2 was detected by using ELISA in concentration of 480
?g/kg, which corresponded to the upper limit of maximum permitted
concentrations for chickens, according to national legislations. This bylaw
interpretation of ?tolerable? concentrations of mycotoxins provokes
controversy among experts and public.
Mycobiota of Serbian wheat grain in 2010
Authors: Stanojev Zagorka , Bagi Ferenc , Bodroza-Solarov Marija , Stojsin Vera , Vuckovic Jovana , Budakov Dragana , Bodoci Karolina
Published: May 2013

This research focused on the assessment of the infection level of sampled
wheat grains with phytopathogenic fungi. The samples were taken from the
localities Rimski Sancevi and Sombor. The research investigated the impact of
localities to intensity of fungal infection by fungi from genus Fusarium and
Alternaria. Isolates from genus Fusarium and Alternaria were determined to
species level. Pathogenicity of Fusarium and Alternaria isolates from
different localities to wheat seedlings was also established.
Contamination of cakes with toxigenic molds
Authors: Kocic-Tanackov Suncica , Dimic Gordana , Levic Jelena , Mojovic Ljiljana , Pejin Jelena
Published: May 2013

The total number of molds in cakes ranged up to 9.0 ? 102 CFU/g. The highest
number of molds was isolated on Dichloran 18% Glycerol Agar (DG18), and the
lowest on Malt Yeast Extract 50% Glucose Agar (MY50G). Mycopopulation of
cakes composed of species of genera Acremonium, Alternaria, Aspergillus,
Cladosporium, Eurotium, Mucor, Phialophora, Penicillium, Fusarium and
Ulocladium. Dominant species were A. niger, P. aurantiogriseum, P.
brevicompactum, P. hirsutum, F. proliferatum and A. alternata. The most
common potential producers were those of ochratoxin A (50.50%). The potential
producers of fumonisins were present with 7.75%, moniliformin with 6.5% and
sterigmatocystin with 0.75%. Potential producers of Alternaria toxins
amounted to 4.5%. Aflatoxigenic molds were not isolated from the tested
samples. Mycotoxicological analysis of the cakes did not determine the
presence of aflatoxin, sterigmatocystin, ochratoxin A and zearalenone.
Morphological and molecular characterization of Colletotrichum coccodes isolated from pepper cultivated in Bulgaria and Macedonia
Authors: Stojanova Zornica , Rodeva Rosica , Karov Ilija , Kovacevic Biljana , Manova Vasilisa , Georgijeva Ralica
Published: May 2013

Colletotrichum coccodes has been recognized as one of the causal agents of
pepper fruit anthracnose in Bulgaria. Recently, this species has been
recorded in pepper fruits in Macedonia. In Bulgaria, the fungus has also been
isolated from roots of premature senescent pepper plants but in Macedonia it
has not been isolated yet. The purpose of the investigation was to make
comparative morphological, cultural and molecular characterization of C.
coccodes isolates obtained from pepper fruits and roots in Bulgaria and
Macedonia. Additionally, a technique was applied to differentiate among the
C. coccodes isolates obtained from roots and other microsclerotia-producing
fungi. On the host tissue, C. coccodes developed acervular conidiomata with
cup-shaped fruiting bodies accompanied with dark-pigmented, unbranched,
thick-walled sterile hyphae called setae. A slimy mass of hyaline, straight,
unicellular, fusiform conidia appeared on nutrient media. In a short time,
numerous small dark globose setose microsclerotia emerged in the colony
starting from its centre and distributing proportionally throughout agar
plates. Two PCR primer sets were used to sequences of the ribosomal internal
transcribed spacer (ITS1 and ITS2) regions. Single products of ~450 bp and
~350 bp were amplified by the genus-specific (Cc1F1/Cc2R1) and the
species-specific primers (Cc1NF1/Cc2NR1), respectively. Morphological,
cultural and molecular characterization of the isolates from roots and fruits
showed that root rot and fruit anthracnose of pepper were caused by one and
the same causal agent determined as C. coccodes. The isolates from roots
showed rapid mycelial growth, gave rise to numerous minute microsclerotia and
produced conidia only on SSPA. SSPA supported significantly more mycelium
growth and sporulation than all other media tested and could be recommended
for production of large quantity of conidia. No pattern of genetic variation
associated with the organ or geographic origin of the isolates was
determined.