bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Manevi Danışmanlık Açısından Duha Suresinin Psikolojik Analizi
Authors: KULA Naci
Published: June 2022

Bu makale, Duha Suresinin bireyler için olan manevi önemini irdeleyerek surenin manevi danışmanlık açısından anlam ve önemini tartışmayı amaçlamaktadır. Çalışma, konu ile ilgili kaynaklardan yararlanılarak hazırlanan teorik bir çalışmadır. Bu bağlamda, Hz. Muhammed’in peygamberlik öncesi ve sonrasında yaşadığı sıkıntılar karşısında Allah’ın suredeki ona yönelik manevi desteğine değinilmektedir. Ayrıca, suredeki peygambere yönelik “yetimken barındırılması,” “yalnız bırakılmadığı,” “ihtiyaçlı iken nimetler verildiği” ifadeleri ve “daha iyi şartlara kavuşacağı” müjdesi, “umut” kavramı ile de ilişkili olarak bireye manevi destek noktaları şeklinde değerlendirilebilir. Peygamberimize sağlanan bu manevi destek noktaları Duha suresinde şöylece belirtilmiştir: Allah, “Rabbin seni terketmedi ve sana darılmadı” (Duha: 3). “Nitekim seni yetim bulup barınmanı sağlamadı mı? Şaşkın bir haldeyken seni doğru yola O iletmişti. İhtiyaçlıyken seni O zengin etmişti” (Duha: 6-8) ayetlerinde peygamberimize yönelik manevi desteğini ve yakınlığını hissettirmiştir. Bu destek çerçevesinde Allah’ın peygamberimize lütufları, ikramlarından da Duha, 4-5. ayetlerde “Muhakkak ki (Peygamberliğin) ilk dönemlerinden daha iyi olacaktır. (Bu çerçevede) Rabbin sana çeşitli imkânlar bahşedecek ve sen mutlu olacaksın” şeklinde bahsedilerek peygamberin manevi ve moral açıdan güçlü olması sağlanmıştır. Peygamberimizin yaşadığı sıkıntılar karşısında Allah’ın ona sağladığı manevi destekle yalnız olmadığı ve sıkıntıları aşacağına ve güzel şeyleri yaşayacağına ilişkin umut duygusunu aşılayıcı hususlar, her insanın hayatında yer almasını isteyeceği durumlardır. Zaman zaman günlük yaşamda yaşanan zorluk ve sıkıntılar nedeniyle bireyler kendilerini yalnız, umutsuz ve karamsar hissedebilir. Böylesi durumları aşmada etkili yöntemlerden biri manevi destek olabilir. İnsanın ilahi bir gücün yakınlığını ve kendisine yardım edeceği inancı ve güvenini hissetmesi manevi danışmanlık açısından en önemli yöntemlerden biridir. Duha Suresinde peygamberimiz örneğinde sıkıntıların aşılmasında yalnız olunmadığının belirtilmesi ve hayatın daha iyiye gideceğine ilişkin umut duygusunun önemine değinilmesi bireylerin günlük hayatlarında da manevi açıdan referans alabilecekleri hususlardır. Sonuç olarak, sure insanlara, Allah’ın onları yalnız bırakmadığını veya terk etmediğini hatırlatarak daha iyi bir hayat adına umut ve problemlerini çözmeleri için kaynaklar sunmasından ötürü manevi danışmanlık açısından anlamlı ve önemlidir.
Özofagus Atrezisi ve Trakeaözofageal Fistül Tanısı Alan Çocuk Sahibi Anne-Babaların Manevi Danışmanlık ve Rehberlik İhtiyaçları
Authors: KAYA Sümeyye Nur
Published: June 2022

Bu çalışmanın amacı, özofagus atrezisi-trakeaözofageal fistül tanısı alan çocuk sahibi anne ve babalara yönelik manevi danışmanlık ve rehberlik ihtiyacını ortaya koymaktır. Araştırmanın girişinde genel bir bilgi verildikten sonra yapılan çalışmanın amacına kısaca değinilmiştir. Aynı bölümde, çalışmanın metodolojik olarak yerli ve yabancı literatür taraması yapılarak dokümantasyon tekniğine göre hazırlandığına değinilmiştir. Öncelikle özofagus atrezisi- trakeaözofageal fistül hastalığının tanımı yapılmıştır. Özofagus atrezisi-trakeaözofageal fistül çeşitleri ele alınırken şekil ile konunun anlaşılırlığı desteklenmiştir. Özofagus atrezisi- trakeaözofageal fistül hastalığının tedavi yöntemleri ele alınmıştır. Hastalığın önce embriyolojisine sonra etiyolojisine yer verilerek hastalığa dair genel çerçeve çizilmiştir. Ardından özofagus atrezisi-trakeaözofageal fistül tanısı alan çocuk sahibi anne ve babaların değişen günlük rutinlere uyumsuzluk, kötü anne-baba olma hissi, toplumdan dışlanmışlık, sosyal değer düşüklüğü, savunmasızlık gibi birtakım psiko-sosyal uyum sorunlarının olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Özofagus atrezisi-trakeaözofageal fistül tanısı alan çocuk sahibi anne ve babaların, çocuklara yönelik temel bakım ve temel ilkyardımı öğrenme, mevcut durumla başa çıkmada maddi destek, sosyal destek, psikolojik anlamda başa çıkabilme konusunda din hizmetleri gibi ihtiyaç alanlarının olduğuna değinilmiştir. Dinsel başa çıkmanın ne olduğu açıklandıktan sonra bu anne ve babaların dinsel başa çıkma ihtiyaçları incelenmiştir. Ardından dinsel bağlanma üzerinde durulmuş ve özofagus atrezisi-trakeaözofageal fistül tanısı alan çocuk sahibi anne ve babaların dinsel bağlanma ihtiyaçları ele alınarak manevi danışmanlık ihtiyaçları bölümü sonlandırılmıştır. Daha sonra özofagus atrezisi-trakeaözofageal fistül tanısı alan çocuk sahibi anne-babaların rehabilitasyonunda anlam arayışı, dua ve ibadet, tevekkül ve kader gibi manevi danışmanlık temalarının önemine dikkat çekilmiştir. Anlam arayışı bölümünde ‘anlam arayışı’nın ne olduğuna yer verildikten sonra hastalıkla özdeşlik kurulmuştur. Özofagus atrezisi- trakeaözofageal fistül tanısı alan çocuk sahibi anne-babaların rehabilitasyonunda manevi içerikli psiko-eğitime olan ihtiyaç gözler önüne serilmiştir. Dua ve ibadet başlığında dua ve ibadetin tanımı yapılmış, konu ile ilişiği ayrı paragraflarda ele alınmıştır. Tevekkül ve kaderin tanımı yapılarak manevi danışmanlıktaki rehabilite özelliğine değinilmiştir. Araştırmanın sonuç bölümünde çalışma toparlanmış ve konuyla ilgili yapılabilecek çalışmalara değinen öneriler bölümüne yer verilmiştir.
Advances in subspace learning and its applications
Authors: Gatto Bernardo B. , Fukui Kazuhiro , S. Júnior Waldir S. , Santos Eulanda M. dos
Published: June 2022

Pattern-set matching refers to a class of problems where learning takes place through sets rather than elements. Much used in computer vision, this approach presents robustness to variations such as illumination, intrinsic parameters of the signal capture devices, and pose of the analyzed object. Inspired by applications of subspace analysis, three new collections of methods are presented in this thesis summary: (1) New representations for two-dimensional sets; (2) Shallow networks for image classification; and (3) Tensor data representation by subspaces. New representations are proposed to preserve the spatial structure and maintain a fast processing time. We also introduce a technique to keep temporal structure, even using the principal component analysis, which classically does not model sequences. In shallow networks, we present two convolutional neural networks that do not require backpropagation, employing only subspaces for their convolution filters. These networks present advantages when the training time and hardware resources are scarce. Finally, to handle tensor data, such as videos, we propose methods that employ subspaces for representation in a compact and discriminative way. Our proposed work has been applied in problems other than computer vision, such as representation and classification of bioacoustics and text patterns.
Real-Time Frequency Adjustment of Images and Videos
Authors: Germano Rafael L. , Gastal Eduardo S. L.
Published: June 2022

We present a technique for real-time adjustment of spatial frequencies in images and videos. Our method allows for both decreasing and increasing of frequencies, and is orthogonal to image resizing. Thus, it can be used to automatically adjust spatial frequencies to preserve the appearance of structured patterns during image downscaling and upscaling. By pre-computing the image's space-frequency decomposition and its unwrapped phases, these operations can be performed in real time, thanks to our novel mathematical perspective on frequency manipulation of digital images: interpreting the problem through the theory of instantaneous frequencies and phase unwrapping. To make this possible, we introduce an algorithm for the simultaneous phase unwrapping of several unordered frequency components, which also deals with the frequency-sign ambiguity of real signals. As such, our method provides theoretical and practical improvements to the concept of spectral remapping, enabling realtime performance and improved color handling. We demonstrate its effectiveness on video and a large number of images subject to frequency adjustment. By providing real-time control over the spatial frequencies associated with structured patterns, our technique expands the range of creative and technical possibilities for image and video processing.
Partial Least Squares: A Deep Space Odyssey
Authors: Jordão Artur , Schwartz William Robson
Published: June 2022

Modern visual pattern recognition models are based on deep convolutional networks. Such models are computationally expensive, hindering applicability on resource-constrained devices. To handle this problem, we propose three strategies. The first removes unimportant structures (neurons or layers) of convolutional networks, reducing their computational cost. The second inserts structures to design architectures automatically, enabling us to build high-performance networks. The third combines multiple layers of convolutional networks, enhancing data representation at negligible additional cost. These strategies are based on Partial Least Squares (PLS) which, despite promising results, is infeasible on large datasets due to memory constraints. To address this issue, we also propose a discriminative and lowcomplexity incremental PLS that learns a compact representation of the data using a single sample at a time, thus enabling applicability on large datasets. We assess the effectiveness of our approaches on several convolutional architectures and computer vision tasks, which include image classification, face verification and activity recognition. Our approaches reduce the resource overhead of both convolutional networks and Partial Least Squares, promoting energyand hardware-friendly models for the academy and industry scenarios. Compared to state-of-theart methods for the same purpose, we obtain one of the best trade-offs between predictive ability and computational cost.
Dealing with Imbalanceness in Hierarchical Classification Problems Through Data Resampling
Authors: Pereira Rodolfo M. , Costa Yandre M. G. , Silla Jr. Carlos N.
Published: June 2022

Many important classification problems are imbalanced. Although resampling approaches are a common solution for different types of classification problems, they were still not defined for hierarchical classification problems. The objective of this work is to propose novel resampling approaches to handle the class imbalanceness issue in hierarchical classification problems. Four directions were investigated: (i) The use of classic resampling methods; (ii) A label path conversion strategy; (iii) The design of schemas to use resampling algorithms with local approaches; (iv) The proposal of global resampling algorithms. To show the impacts of the contribution of this work, we have investigated the imbalanceness issue in the COVID-19 identification in chest x-ray images.
Aprendizado Profundo na Classificação de Lesões Crescentes Glomerulares: modelos e condições
Authors: Silva Joacy Mesquita da , Angelo Michele Fulvia , Santos Washington L. C. dos , Loula Angelo C.
Published: June 2022

Glomérulos são estruturas localizadas nos rins e responsáveis por filtrar o sangue e podem ser acometidos por diversas lesões, como a crescente glomerular, que é caracterizada por apresentar uma anormal proliferação de células. Neste trabalho, são avaliados diferentes modelos e condições de aplicação de deep learning na tarefa de classificação de imagens histopatológicas de crescente glomerular. Para isso, foram comparadas as redes pré-treinadas Xception, InceptionV3, MobileNet, VGG16 e ResNet50, aplicando-se para a classificação de imagens com glomérulos com crescente vs normais. Comparando acurácia, precisão, recall e f1-score dos modelos, a ResNet50 apresentou desempenho significativamente superior ao das demais redes, em todas as medidas. A aplicação de data augmentation não resultou em melhora significativa nos resultados neste caso. Em experimento de classificação de glomérulos crescentes vs não crescentes, adicionando imagens de três outras lesões à base de dados, a aplicação do Focal Loss, apresentou maior acurácia e precisão.
Coffee Leaf Diseases Identification and Severity Classification using Deep Learning
Authors: Lisboa Eduardo , Lima Givanildo , Queiroz Fabiane
Published: June 2022

In this paper, we propose a method for automatic identification and classification of leaf diseases and pests in the Brazilian Arabica Coffee leaves. We developed a Machine Learning model, trained with the BRACOL public image dataset, to evaluate if a given image of a leaf has a disease or pest — Miner, Phoma, Cercospora and Rust — or if it is healthy. We then compared our model with other famous and well-known classification models, and we were able to achieve an accuracy of 98,04%, which greatly exceeds the accuracy of the other methods implemented. In addition, we developed an assessment to perform a classification related to the percentage of each leaf that is affected by the disease, achieving an accuracy of approximately 90%.
Detecção de Fissuras Utilizando Redes Neurais Convolucionais
Authors: Oliveira Raianny Proença C. de , Mauricio Claudio Roberto M. , Santos Valéria Nunes dos , Peres Fabiana Frata F.
Published: June 2022

Fissuras em concreto representam manifestações patológicas e ocorrem por diversos motivos, mesmo que haja boas práticas na fase de construção. Em estruturas de grande porte, como pontes, túneis e barragens é exigido que, com certa periodicidade, ocorra inspeções visuais com objetivo de detectar, diagnosticar a causa e quando possível, reparar a fissura. Nos casos que não é possível reparar a fissura, se deve acompanhar o seu comportamento. Muitas técnicas computacionais para a detecção de fissuras têm sido propostas mas suas aplicações são limitadas pois as imagens de fissuras tendem a variar muito e neste caso, extrair informações como a localização da fissura em uma imagem requer que seja realizada uma segmentação a nível de pixel. Neste contexto, esse trabalho apresenta uma proposta utilizando o Detectron2, inspirado na rede neural convolucional Mask R-CNN, que oferece suporte para detecção de objetos, segmentação de instâncias, segmentação de panorâmica, e segmentação de semântica.
Improved Smart Eye Tracker Communicator Using Low Resolution Webcam
Authors: Rocha Allana L. dos S. , Silva Leandro H. de S. , Fernandes Bruno J. T.
Published: June 2022

Eye tracking is a tool presented in many applications ranging from scientific research to commercial applications. One of them is assistive technologies that aim to help people with some disabilities, including communication. However, the applications usually require specific hardware components or a high computational cost. This work proposes the Smart Eye Communicator II (SEC-II), an evolution of a previously presented algorithm to detect the pupil center and the user's gaze direction in real-time, using a low-resolution webcam and a conventional computer without a need for calibration. In SEC-II, a face aligner, which gets a canonical face alignment based on translation, scale, and rotation, has been added to the system. Likewise, strategies using eye coordinates were implemented to find the dominant the algorithm eye. By implementing these new approaches, achieved 86% accuracy, even under variable and non-uniform environmental conditions. Moreover, a graphical interface was implemented connecting the SEC-II to the internet and allowing users to express their desires and watch online videos chosen by themselves.
Detecção e Classificação de Objetos Presentes em Imagens Aéreas de Drones de Ambientes Urbanos
Authors: Sganderla Guilherme R. , Mauricio Claudio Roberto M. , Santos Valéria Nunes dos , Peres Fabiana Frata F.
Published: June 2022

Through large data sets, it is possible to train and instruct a machine with skills to perform tasks previously performed only by humans. This possibility has become increasingly real with the use of Deep Learning and powerful algorithms that have been developed over time. Among them is YOLO, a Convolutional Neural Network algorithm that allows several uses, including the detection and classification of objects contained in images of urban environments, such as people and vehicles, allowing the identification and location of objects within the images. This work presents a model for detecting and classifying common object classes in urban environments People, Small Vehicles, Medium-Vehicles and Large-Vehicles). For this project we used a combination of 3 datasets of aerial drone images of urban environments (Stanford Drone Dataset, Vision Meets Drone, The Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Benchmark Object Detection and Tracking). The result obtained from the initial training of this YOLO algorithm was an average accuracy of 67.2%.
Visualization, Interaction and Simulation Lab
Authors: Freitas Carla M. D. S. , Nedel Luciana , Maciel Anderson
Published: June 2022

The Visualization, Interaction, and Simulation Laboratory (VISLab) at UFRGS is majorly concerned with data visualization and human-computer interaction research. Research on data visualization focuses on the development of information visualization techniques and their application to different domains. Studies on interaction emphasize non-conventional, 3D interaction and haptics in the context of virtual (VR) and augmented reality (AR) applications. We integrate these two areas into immersive analytics research and develop data visualization and novel interaction techniques based on VR and AR technologies. The main goal of our projects is to enhance the human with computers, extending the perception capabilities and improving the human power of action in a natural way. In this paper, we present our research focus and strategy to move towards that goal. We also briefly describe and illustrate some recent works developed in the lab.
Bioremediation of Petroleum-Contaminated Soil
Authors: Kumar Ravi Raman , Gupta Shalini , Verma Reeta
Published: June 2022

Petroleum is not only an important energy resource to boost economic development but also a major pollutant source of soil. Petroleum toxicity can cause an adverse impact on the environment, as well as has negative effects for both animals and humans due to its carcinogenic nature. Therefore, its removal from the environment becomes a matter of concern. Although a lot of techniques are in use for remediation of petroleum-contaminated soil, exploitation of fungal ability provides a sustainable solution for this due to their ability to survive in harsh environmental conditions. Mycoremediation is the bioremediation technique employed for the removal of toxic compounds using fungal biomass. The fungi have been proved as a potential biomass degrader for complex organic compounds, resulting in the production of versatile extracellular enzymes. In this chapter, we have highlighted the basic concept of mycoremediation, the enzymatic system involved in the degradation process, the mechanism of fungal degradation, and factors affecting the degradation process. The chapter also provides useful insight for greater future understanding and improvement of the technique towards solving the problem of petroleum-contaminated soils.
Health Benefits of Starch
Authors: Suarez-Diéguez Teodoro , Antonio Nieto Juan
Published: June 2022

In recent years, scientific research has focused on evaluating the relationship between consumption and the effect of food components on the body, with the aim of improving the health condition of the population. In particular, starch is the main component in grains and provides most of the energy in the diet. It is classified according to its nutritional characteristics as rapidly digestible starch (RDS), slowly digestible starch (SDS), and non-digestible starch (RS). Several studies have reported that different starch fractions show a correlation between digestibility and assimilation with physiological effect and metabolic impact. Each type of starch fraction consumed shows a different postprandial response, such that SDS and RS generate a slower absorption rate and lower serum glucose concentration, leading to a gradual uptake of glucose into the tissue, as well as a probiotic effect. Current reports suggest that consumption of SDS- and RS-rich products can generate a postprandial response of prolonged glucose uptake without hyperglycemic peaks, and improve the efficiency of modulation of carbohydrate metabolism. In this regard, there is a growing interest in carbohydrates with functional effects generating an emerging area of study. The aim of this chapter is to describe the potential functional effect and metabolic impact of consumption of the SDS and SR fractions of starch.
Metabolomics and Genetic Engineering for Secondary Metabolites Discovery
Authors: M. Shuikan Ahmed , N. Hozzein Wael , M. Alshuwaykan Rakan , A. Arif Ibrahim
Published: June 2022

Since 1940s, microbial secondary metabolites (SMs) have attracted the attention of the scientific community. As a result, intensive researches have been conducted in order to discover and identify novel microbial secondary metabolites. Since, the discovery of novel secondary metabolites has been decreasing significantly due to many factors such as 1) unculturable microbes 2) traditional detection techniques 3) not all SMs expressed in the lab. As a result, searching for new techniques which can overcome the previous challenges was one of the most priority objectives. Therefore, the development of omics-based techniques such as genomics and metabolomic have revealed the potential of discovering novel SMs which were coded in the microorganisms’ DNA but not expressed in the lab or might be produced in undetectable amount by detecting the biosynthesis gene clusters (BGCs) that are associated with the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites. Nowadays, the integration of metabolomics and gene editing techniques such as CRISPR-Cas9 provide a successful platform for the detection and identification of known and unknown secondary metabolites also to increase secondary metabolites production.
Isolation and Identification of Campylobacter spp. from Food and Food-Related Environment
Authors: Huang Honsheng , Mariano Garcia Manuel
Published: June 2022

Campylobacter species are among the most common causes of bacterial gastroenteritis in humans worldwide. The genus Campylobacter consists of at least 39 validly published species with wide distribution in various hosts and environments, which are either pathogens for humans or animals, or not pathogenic as identified so far. Various methods have been used for detecting campylobacters including conventional culture methods, molecular (such as polymerase chain reaction), immunological methods and genome sequencing. Currently, isolation and subsequent identification of the target campylobacters are required by most of the regulatory bodies globally. The multiple Campylobacter species exhibit diverse physiological and metabolic characteristics and growth requirements, which can interfere with the sensitivity and specificity of culture-dependent methods. Furthermore, strains among each species may behavior differently in various culture media and under various culture conditions. Therefore, it is important to apply appropriate isolation and identification methods for different types of species and samples based on specific purposes. This chapter will review the development and the current status of culture-dependent methods for the isolation and detection of various Campylobacter species from food and food-related environments during the next generation sequencing era.
The Saga of Selenium Treatment Investigation in Chagas Disease Cardiopathy: Translational Research in a Neglected Tropical Disease in Brazil
Authors: C. de Araujo-Jorge Tania , Cristina C. Carvalho Anna , R. Ferreira Roberto , R. Garzoni Luciana , M.S. Gonzaga Beatriz , T. Holanda Marcelo , M. Sperandio da Silva Gilberto , da Gloria Bonecini-Almeida Maria , F.F. Mediano Mauro , M. Saraiva Roberto , M. Hasslocher-Moreno Alejandro
Published: June 2022

This chapter describes the steps from basic research to the definition of a putative public health recommendation in the clinical protocols and therapeutic guidelines for selenium (Se) supplementation for patients with Chagas disease. From 1998 to 2018, we conducted a translational research project to test the concept that chronic Chagas disease cardiopathy (CCC) severity could be associated with low levels of blood selenium (Se), and if oral Se supplementation could help to sustain the asymptomatic cardiac stage and reduce disease severity. Pre-clinical studies in mice and a clinical trial conducted in the early asymptomatic cardiac stage of CCC patients (B stage) were performed, identified as “Selenium Treatment of Chagasic Cardiopathy (STCC)” trial. The roadmap of the selenium project was/is a real saga, with important obstacles that tested team resilience and revealed Brazilian conditions of science development. We discuss the main possible mechanisms involved in the physiopathology of CCC and the lessons learned in this process. In this chapter, we also organized the timeline of the translational project and described the crucial moments of the journey, as well as the next steps driving the research teams and their international and health industry connections.
Tribological Behavior of Atmospheric Plasma Sprayed HA-CNT Coatings of Biomaterials
Authors: M. Sonekar Mahesh , S. Rathod Walmik
Published: June 2022

A MWCNT-induced hydroxyapatite, air plasma spray coatings were produced on SS-316 L, CoCrMo, and Ti6Al4V alloys at varied weight percent ratios. The shape, thickness, adhesion, structure, and content of the APS-treated samples, as well as particle distribution, were studied using an X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscope, Fourier transform infrared, and 3D-profilometer. The study looks at dry and wet unidirectional sliding wear behaviors, as well as the influence of incorporating carbon nanotubes in different weight percent to hydroxyapatite by plasma spraying on its tribological properties in physiological condition. In-vitro investigation was conducted in controlled environment to model complicated interactions among cells growth factors. Both CNT and HA particles were absorbed into the APS layers, as evidenced by the results. Crystallinity and volume percent with open porosity were substantially higher in the APS-CNT imposed HA coating than in the control. When compared to pure HA coating, the enhanced hardness ranged from 2.4 to 5.6 GPa, the modulus of elasticity ranged from 105 to 172 GPa, and the fracture toughness from 0.6 to 2.4 MPa.m1/2, with a reduced wear rate of 50.2 × 10−5 mm3 to 4.2 × 10−5 mm3 N−1 m−1. CNT addition has no negative effect on osteoblast proliferation and cell viability.
Perspective Chapter: Data as Currency - On the Impact of ICTs and Data on the Saudi Economy and Industrial Sector
Authors: R. Dahlan Kinda , A. Badawi Ahmed , Megahed Ali
Published: June 2022

In delineating successful digital application models in Saudi Arabia, this chapter explores the country’s digital readiness to further expound its industrial strategic goals. We argue that a gap exists between the availability of data and technology and the availability of human capabilities that can facilitate the meaningful processing of industrial data. Data deluge brings substantial challenges in the collection and management of massive amounts of unstructured data towards decision making. Likewise, unprecedented production of information exceeds the ability of authoritative bodies to create regulations and policies that can keep up with these transformations in the nature of work. We explicate the impact of well-timed policies (fiscal and monetary), prediction of long-term structural changes in the industrial sector, industrial strategy formulation practices, and examine the economic studies and analysis of sustainable development in these areas.
Estimation of the Grain Trajectory and Engaging on the Material
Authors: Ono Takenori
Published: June 2022

In this chapter, a numerical estimation of the grain trajectory in the grinding process is introduced. The topic describes a fundamental of the numerical theory of the grain trajectory, the estimation of the grain trajectory in the hemispherical grinding stone in the micro grooving process as an application of the numerical estimation.
An Effective Method for Secure Data Delivery in IoT
Authors: Alnaghes Mnar , Falkner Nickolas , Shen Hong
Published: June 2022

The Internet of Things (IoT) has become very popular recently due to its important features that contribute to many aspects of our lives such as health and transportation. It consists of a vast number of different projects such as sensors, tags, actuators, and mobile devices, which can communicate and collaborate without human interactions. These devices carry small memory and low-energy battery, which affects their performance and lead to many issues. In this work, we are going to focus on the efficiency and security issues. We will propose a secure and efficient routing protocol for data delivery in order to improve its performance. The proposed technique will be evaluated in an implemented platform with appropriate case study. The expected outcome of this study will be a reference design and its practical implementation to support efficiency and security in IoT.
Traumatic Optic Neuropathy
Authors: Klein Ainat , Wahbi Wahbi
Published: June 2022

Traumatic optic neuropathy (TON) is a specific neurological sequence of traumatic brain injury (TBI). It has a different mechanism than other most neurologic complications of head trauma and its consequences can be devastating. The damage can be from direct penetrating trauma or bone fracture injuring the optic nerve directly or secondary to indirect blunt trauma (usually causing traction). The diagnosis of TON is based on the clinical history and examination findings indicative of optic neuropathy, especially the presence of defective pupillary light response. TON can cause only mild vision loss but, in some cases, severe vision loss is present. Imaging findings can support the diagnosis, and provide information on the mechanism as well as treatment options. The treatment options include observation alone, systemic steroids, erythropoietin, surgical decompression of the optic canal, or combination. The evidence base for these various treatment options is controversial and each treatment has its side effects and risks. Poor prognostic factors include poor visual acuity at presentation, loss of consciousness, no improvement in vision in the first 48 hours, and evidence of optic canal fractures on neuroimaging.
Rabies: Incurable Biological Threat
Authors: Bhogilal Nayak Jitendrakumar , Harnathbhai Chaudhary Jeetendrakumar , Prafulchandra Bhavsar Prakrutik , Ashok Anjaria Pranav , N. Brahmbhatt Manojbhai , Pravinbhai Mistry Urvish
Published: June 2022

Rabies is a lethal zoonotic disease that affects all the homeotherms, including humans, and is caused by the Rabies virus of Rhabdoviridae family. Every year, this disease kills about 55,000 individuals globally. The stray dog is a key player in the spread of rabies. The disease is usually transmitted through the bite of a rabid animal. After being exposed to the virus, the virus must travel to the brain before generating symptoms. Delirium, unusual behaviour, hallucinations, hydrophobia and insomnia may occur as the condition advances. Diagnostic tests such as direct fluorescent antibody test (dFAT), direct rapid immunohistochemical test (dRIT), lateral flow assay (LFA), reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), nuclear sequencing, etc. are used in diagnosis of this dreadful disease. The genotype and lineage of the rabies virus can be determined via N gene sequencing and phylogenetic analysis. There is no effective treatment for rabies. Even though a tiny number of people have survived rabies, the disease is usually fatal. Rabies can be completely avoided in people if they receive timely and adequate medical treatment. Vaccinating and sterilising the dogs in our neighbourhoods effectively and humanely limit their population and eliminate rabies in both dogs and humans.
Bifacial Photovoltaic Technology: Recent Advancements, Simulation and Performance Measurement
Authors: Aghaei Mohammadreza , Korevaar Marc , Babal Pavel , Ziar Hesan
Published: June 2022

In this chapter, we introduce the physic principle and applications of bifacial PV technology. We present different bifacial PV cell and module technologies as well as investigate the advantages of using bifacial PV technology in the field. We describe the measurement and modeling of Albedo, which is one of the important factors for the energy yield of bifacial PV technology. For an accurate assessment of the performance ratio of bifacial PV strings, it is necessary to measure the albedo irradiance using an albedometer or the front- and rear-side plane of array (POA) irradiance. We also discuss the advanced techniques for the characterization of bifacial PV modules. By means of simulation, we give insight into what boundary conditions result in new bifacial technology gains and the influence of the mounting position of irradiance sensors. We executed several simulations by varying the sensor positions on the rear side of the PV modules, different places, different albedo numbers, mounting heights, different geographical locations with various tilts, seasons, and weather types. To validate the simulation results, we performed various experiments in the field under different conditions. The results prove that the bifacial gain is highly dependent on the mounting heights of PV modules, tilt angles, weather conditions, latitude, and location.
Advances in Bioenergy Production Using Fast Pyrolysis and Hydrothermal Processing
Authors: R. Chandraratne Meegalla , Gezae Daful Asfaw
Published: June 2022

This chapter provides an overview of current efforts and advances as well as environmental and economic aspects of fast pyrolysis and hydrothermal processing, which are potential technologies for bioenergy production, mainly bio-oil and syngas. Biomass is presently the primary bioenergy resource in the world. The chapter presents a brief discussion of sources and compositions of biomass. Biomass is converted to various products using thermochemical conversions. Pyrolysis is a thermochemical process that converts biomass into carbon-rich solid residue, condensable vapors, and non-condensable gases in the absence of oxygen. It is a promising technology for converting biomass into renewable biofuels with environmental and economic advantages. Pyrolysis processes are classified based on their operating conditions and desired products. Two thermochemical processes, fast pyrolysis and hydrothermal processing are reviewed. Fast pyrolysis produces a higher quantity and quality of bio-oil and syngas than slow and intermediate pyrolysis processes. Hydrothermal processing converts wet biomass into carbonaceous biofuel. The ability to produce higher-value bioenergy by these pyrolysis technologies depends on the feedstock and operating condition of the pyrolysis processes. This chapter will present the most promising features of fast pyrolysis and hydrothermal processing along with their optimal pyrolysis conditions in maximizing the production of biofuels.
Solvent Catalysis in the Sensitizer-Mediator Redox Kinetics
Authors: Khattak Rozina
Published: June 2022

The sensitizer-mediator redox reaction is a vital component of the dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). The efficiency and stability of dye-sensitized solar cells are aided by the kinetics of this redox process. Several reaction parameters influence the kinetics of a reaction, and if those parameters are controlled, the rate of the process and its results can be controlled. One of the most important aspects of the sensitizer-mediator interaction is the reaction medium. Aqueous DSSCs are unquestionably a good replacement when it comes to taking a green approach to avoiding toxic, flammable, and volatile organic solvents and their mixtures, which are commonly used in DSSCs and are known to harm the environment while also reducing the lifetime and stability of the DSSCs. The catalytic role of a small volume fraction of organic solvent in the aqueous electron transfer kinetics of a few putative sensitizer-mediator reactions is discussed in this chapter. In binary solvent media including dilute tertiary butyl alcohol (TBA)-water and dilute 1,4-dioxane-water, the reduction of dicyanobis(2,2′-dipyridyl)iron(III) and dicyanobis(1,10-phenanthroline)iron(III) was investigated. The reactions were carried out in a 10% TBA or dioxane to water media with a volume-volume fraction of both solvents using iodide as a reducing agent. The effect of several parameters on the rate constant was also calculated and analyzed.
An Overview on Techniques Involved in Recharging Ground Water and Its Impacts
Authors: R. Muthuminal , Priya R. Mohana
Published: June 2022

The movement of water from the surface of the earth into the sub surface areas are said to be as a hydrologic process which helps in improving the water table at the ground level. This process of water movement towards downward direction is said to be as Groundwater recharge or deep drainage or deep percolation. Ground water recharge could be achieved either by natural method or by artificial methods which involves anthropogenic processes. The ground water recharge has a superior impact while in consideration of various complexities such as climate, land surface and biosphere processes, and characteristics in the unsaturated and saturated subsurface. So in this chapter, we would like to briefly explain about the techniques involved in recharging the ground water table and also about the methods involved in estimating the ground water available along with the importance of agriculture globally along with the policies incorporated to maintain the ecological demand and also about the impacts caused to the environment due to the insufficient water at the ground water table.
Perspective Chapter: Essentials of Lobectomy under Video-Assisted Thoracoscopic Surgery for Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Li Jian , Zhu Xu , Li Jianglun , Zhang Jian , Wang Kaiying , Du Xiaojun
Published: June 2022

The morbidity and mortality of lung cancer rank second and first respectively in malignant solid tumors worldwide. As we all know, surgical resection is the cornerstone of comprehensive treatment of non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The current National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) guidelines for NSCLC suggest that for medically operable disease, resection is the preferred local treatment modality, anatomic pulmonary resection is preferred for the majority of patients with NSCLC, and video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) or minimally invasive surgery should be strongly considered for patients with no anatomic or surgical contraindications. With many advantages, uniportal VATS (u-VATS) has been widely accepted and used. Therefore, in this article, we attempted to review the essentials of lobectomy under u-VATS for NSCLC.
Advantages of Noncoding RNAs in Molecular Diagnosis
Authors: Fujii Tomomi , Uchiyama Tomoko , Takeda Maiko
Published: June 2022

Noncoding RNAs contribute to physiological processes by regulating many intracellular molecules participating in the life-supporting mechanisms of development, differentiation, and regeneration as well as by disrupting various signaling mechanisms such as disease development and progression and tumor growth. Because microRNAs (miRNAs) target and regulate the functions of key proteins, it is very useful to identify specific miRNAs that contribute to cellular functions and to clarify the roles of their target molecules as diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for cancer prognosis and treatment. In this section, the roles of miRNAs in various cancers and the processes leading to the identification of their target molecules are described, and the latest diagnostic strategies using miRNAs are discussed with specific examples.
Challenges of Health Information Systems (HISs) During COVID-19 Pandemics: Lessons Learned from Teaching Hospitals in a Developing Country
Authors: Ebnehoseini Zahra , Ebrahimipour Hosein , Koohjani Zahra , Adel Amin , Badiee Aval Shapour , Hoseini Seyed Javad , Jamili Sara , Vejdani Marjan , Hoseini Masoumeh , Deldar Kolsoum
Published: June 2022

Background: Health information systems have major impacts on improving the decision-making process during pandemics. Objectives: The qualitative study explored health information systems (HISs) challenges based on HIS’s manager viewpoint during the COVID-19 outbreak. Methods: In the study, data were collected in two phases: First, in response to an official letter, all participants reported their challenges with HISs. Second, semi-structured interviews were conducted with the same participants. Results: The semantic units were extracted, collected, and coded. Eighteen HIS managers from 18 hospitals reported the challenges of HISs. The 46 HIS challenges and 24 solutions were classified into three categories: Technology, organization, and human. The technology category included three sub-categories: Multiple non-interoperable HISs, inconsistencies between reports of HISs, and lack of suitable hardware equipment. The organizational category encompassed three sub-categories: Data quality, environment and equipment contamination by COVID-19 virus, and lack of sufficient preparedness to respond to the pandemic condition in hospitals. The human category had four subsets: multiple resources of stress, instability in business conditions, and shortage of human resources, and increased workload. Conclusions: It seems that reconstruction of health information systems, revision of medical record documentation processes, holding training courses, and planning to deal with pandemics, human resource support programs are very necessary.
Podpora udržitelného městského rozvoje z programu Horizont 2020
Authors: Lelková Tereza , Herbočková Lucie
Published: June 2022

Current urban development is based on the principles of sustainability. Efforts to respond to the deepening economic, environmental, and social problems have led to the development of a number of innovative approaches, concepts, and models with the potential to contribute to the transition to sustainable development. The aim of the paper is to present selected current approaches to sustainable urban development and map out projects that explicitly contribute to meeting its objectives, funded by the 8th Framework Program for Research and Innovation Horizon 2020. To achieve this, the paper uses a literature review and analysis of secondary data obtained from the CORDIS database. A total of 406 relevant projects identified were classified into seven categories according to the predominant focus (corresponding sustainability challenge). Most projects (79%) were implemented in the field of smart, green, and integrated transport. However, in terms of the total amount of funding, the predominance of transport sustainability projects was not as significant. Projects related to sustainable energy, climate change, and environmental protection accounted for more than half of the total costs. Based on the findings, the paper emphasizes the need for implementing similar initiatives.
Teoretický koncept zámeckých a panských brownfieldů v České republice
Authors: Turečková Kamila , Nenička Lubomír , Přikrylová Kateřina
Published: June 2022

Chateaus (castles) and mansion houses (residences) are a common part of village and town settlements in our conditions in the Czech Republic. Due to the interruption of ownership and property relations to these buildings during the 20th century, many of them lost their original or additional useful purpose, were abandoned and fell into disrepair and ruins. Nowadays, these chateau and mansion houses wish regeneration and renewal, and they have thus become an important historical, urban and social element in the development of the territory and cultural landscape. Due to the absence of a theoretical definition of this type of brownfield, the intention of this paper is to try to do this through a synthesis of expertise in the field of brownfields and the historical context of the existence of chateaus (castles) and mansions and grounds (areas). The intention is also to identify the historical milestones that contributed to the formation of the castle brownfields. The findings are inductively generalized in the created conceptual scheme of the genesis and restoration of chateau and mansion brownfields. The term castle brownfield was defined and the main historical milestones were emphasized, which significantly contributed to the emergence of this type of brownfield in the Czech Republic.
Management a implementace programů územní spolupráce na příkladu ESÚS
Authors: Dušek Jiří , Kavan Štěpán
Published: June 2022

European Groupings of Territorial Cooperation (EGTCs) were set up to facilitate cross-border, transnational and interregional cooperation between Member States or their regional and local authorities. EGTCs enable these partners to implement joint projects, share expertise and improve coordination of spatial planning. Unlike the older cooperation structures which governed cross-border, transnational and interregional cooperation before 2007, the European Grouping of Territorial Cooperation is a legal entity and as such, will enable regional and local authorities from different European states, to set up cooperation groupings with a legal personality. The contribution deals with an analysis of European Grouping of Territorial Cooperation, new form of cross-border cooperation in the European Union. The main objective of the submitted contribution is to analyse historical development of this cooperation between years 2008–2022, based on own research and study of relevant Committee of Regions documents (for example EGTC Monitoring Report). The assessment of the EGTC can be described as a comparative time and space analysis, because different units are being compared not just in time, but also from the point of view of their geographical location. The contribution discussed the growing relevance of the EGTC as instrument of regional development, uneven development in individual countries (Hungary, France, Slovakia x Scandinavia, the Baltic States, Great Britain and Ireland), terminological problems and validity of EGTC databases.
Analýza kvality života Slovákov na základe korelácií indexu ľudského rozvoja s vybranými ukazovateľmi
Authors: Kraslanová Michaela , Poláková Zuzana
Published: June 2022

In many developed countries, the income of countries because of economic and trade activity has been growing for a long time, although the satisfaction of the population with life does not show a growing trend. Modern views on quality of life consider, in addition to economic indicators, e.g., income, consumption, GDP per capita, human development index, etc. to a greater extent, subjective evaluation. The aim of the article was to point out the existence or the absence of dependence between the development of quality of life in Slovakia using the human development index and various subjectively selected variables such as consumption of essential commodities such as wheat flour and bread but also avoidable mortality, years of healthy life, crude marriage rate and median age. Bakery commodities were included in the survey because, among other indicators, we had the partial goal of examining whether and how the consumption of essential foods such as e.g., bread affects quality of life.The article found the dependence between the consumption of the mentioned commodities, the median age, years of healthy life and the IRL based on multiple regression in the SAS software.