bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Desire for labor companionship and its associated factors among pregnant women attending antenatal care at public health facilities in Debre Berhan City: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Silesh Mulualem , Demisse Tesfanesh Lemma , Abebe Kidist Ayalew , Taye Birhan Tsegaw , Moltot Tebabere , Chekole Moges Sisay , Kasahun Fetene , Mekuriyaw Abebayehu Melesew , Kebede Tirusew Nigussie , Hailemeskel Kibret
Published: January 2025

Background

Allowing women to have a companion of their choice during labor and delivery is a cost-effective strategy to enhance the quality of maternal care and promote a positive birth experience. Due to the limited studies on women's preferences for labour companionship, this study aimed to assess the desire for labour companionship and its associated factors among pregnant women attending ante-natal care at public health facilities in Debre Berhan City.

Method

A facility-based cross-sectional study was conducted from August 1–30, 2022. A face-to-face questionnaire administered was used to collect data. Then, entered into Epi-Data version 4.6 and exported to SPSS version 25 for data analysis. In multivariable logistic regression analysis, variables with P < 0.05 with AOR and 95% CI were considered statistically significant.

Result

Of 408 participants, 68.6% [95% CI: 63.8, 73.9] of pregnant women desired to have companionship in labour. Women who were living in urban [AOR: 2.32; 95% CI: 1.336, 4.022], had secondary level of education [AOR: 0.39; 95% CI: 0.207, 0.726], being pregnant for the first time [AOR: 1.88; 95% CI: 1.197, 2.945], women who had a good knowledge towards labour companion [AOR: 2.4; 95% CI: 1.522, 3.797] were statistically significant with desire on labour companionship.

Conclusion

The magnitude of desire towards labour companionship in this study area was found high. Place of residence, educational attainment, number of pregnancies (gravidity), and level of knowledge about labour companions significantly contribute to women's desire for labour companionship. Therefore, to increase the desire for labor companions; antenatal education about its benefits should emphasized, particularly in rural areas and among less-educated communities. Providing tailored support for primigravida women and underserved populations can also help to integrate labor companionship into maternal care.
NR2F6 regulates stem cell hematopoiesis and myelopoiesis in mice
Authors: Woelk Johannes , Narasimhan Hamsa , Pfeifhofer-Obermair Christa , Schraml Barbara U. , Hermann-Kleiter Natascha
Published: January 2025

Nuclear receptors regulate hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and peripheral immune cells in mice and humans. The nuclear orphan receptor NR2F6 (EAR-2) has been shown to control murine hematopoiesis. Still, detailed analysis of the distinct stem cell, myeloid, and lymphoid progenitors in the bone marrow in a genetic loss of function model remains pending. In this study, we found that adult germline Nr2f6-deficient mice contained increased percentages of total long-term and short-term HSCs, as well as a subpopulation within the lineage-biased multipotent progenitor (MPP3) cells. The loss of NR2F6 thus led to an increase in the percentage of LSK+ cells. Following the differentiation from the common myeloid progenitors (CMP), the granulocyte-monocyte progenitors (GMP) were decreased, while monocyte-dendritic progenitors (MDP) were increased in Nr2f6-deficient bone marrow. Within the pre-conventional dendritic progenitors (pre-cDCs), the subpopulation of pre-cDC2s was reduced in the bone marrow of Nr2f6-deficient mice. We did not observe differences in the development of common lymphoid progenitor populations. Our findings contrast previous studies but underscore the role of NR2F6 in regulating gene expression levels during mouse bone marrow hematopoiesis and myelopoiesis.
The combination treatment of RC48 and STAT3 inhibitor acts as a promising therapeutic strategy for basal bladder cancer
Authors: Li Jingxian , Shan Kun , Huang Wei , Su Qiang , Qi Yuanjiong , Zhang Zhihong , Zhu Jianqiang , Du E.
Published: January 2025

As an antibody-drug conjugate (ADC), disitamab vedotin (RC48) is a promising treatment targeting ERBB2 for locally advanced and metastatic bladder cancer (BLCA). However, the subtype heterogeneity of muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) often leads to different therapeutic outcomes. In our study, we aim to explore sensitivity differences and mechanisms of different molecular subtypes of MIBC to RC48 treatment and develop a strategy for combination therapy against cancer. Using large-scale mRNA expression profile datasets, Western blotting, and immunohistochemistry, we first found that ERBB2 is upregulated in the luminal type but downregulated in basal bladder cancer. In addition, luminal cells showed higher sensitivity to RC48 than basal cells. Basal cells with ERBB2 overexpression demonstrated increased sensitivity to RC48 in vitro and in vivo, indicating that ERBB2 expression mediates RC48’s therapeutic efficacy against cancer. In basal or RC48-exposed luminal cells, the JAK/STAT3 pathway was highly enriched, suggesting that downregulation or pharmacological inhibition of ERBB2 leads to compensatory activation of this pathway. Silencing STAT3 increased the inhibitory efficacy of RC48. In addition, artesunate (ART, a STAT3 inhibitor) showed a synergistic effect with RC48 against basal bladder cancer both in vitro and in vivo. In summary, these findings provide a theoretical foundation for subsequent clinical trials combining RC48 and ART in MIBC based on molecular subtypes.
Obesity, dietary interventions and microbiome alterations in the development and progression of prostate cancer
Authors: Trecarten Shaun , Liss Michael A. , Hamilton-Reeves Jill , DiGiovanni John
Published: January 2025

Purpose of review

The role of the microbiome in prostate cancer is an emerging subject of research interest. Certain lifestyle factors, such as obesity and diet, can also impact the microbiome, which has been implicated in many diseases, such as heart disease and diabetes. However, this link has yet to be explored in detail in the context of prostate cancer. The purpose of this review is to explore the cross-talk between obesity, dietary interventions, and microbiome alterations in the development and progression of prostate cancer.

Recent findings

Many possible mechanisms exist linking obesity and dietary interventions to microbiome alterations and prostate cancer. The gut microbiome produces metabolites that could play a role in prostate cancer oncogenesis, including short-chain fatty acids, cholesterol derivatives, and folic acid. The microbiome also plays a pivotal role in the prostate tumor microenvironment (TME), contributing to inflammation, local tissue hypoxia, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition. A bidirectional relationship exists between obesity and the microbiome, and certain diets can enact changes to the microbiome, its associated metabolites, and prostate cancer outcomes.

Cross-talk exists between obesity, dietary interventions, and the role of the microbiome in the development and progression of prostate cancer. To further our understanding, future human studies in prostate cancer should investigate microbiome changes and incorporate an assessment of microbiome-derived metabolites and cellular/immune changes in the TME.
Single-cell transcriptomics reveals the heterogeneity and function of mast cells in human ccRCC
Authors: Song Xiyu , Jiao Jianhua , Qin Jiayang , Zhang Wei , Qin Weijun , Ma Shuaijun
Published: January 2025

Introduction

The role of mast cells (MCs) in clear cell renal carcinoma (ccRCC) is unclear, and comprehensive single-cell studies of ccRCC MCs have not yet been performed.

Methods

To investigate the heterogeneity and effects of MCs in ccRCC, we studied single-cell transcriptomes from four ccRCC patients, integrating both single-cell sequencing and bulk tissue sequencing data from online sequencing databases, followed by validation via spatial transcriptomics and multiplex immunohistochemistry (mIHC).

Results

We identified four MC signature genes (TPSB2, TPSAB1, CPA3, and HPGDS). MC density was significantly greater in ccRCC tissues than in normal tissues, but MC activation characteristics were not significantly different between ccRCC and normal tissues. Activated and resting MCs were defined as having high and low expression of MC receptors and mediators, respectively, whereas proliferating MCs had high expression of proliferation-related genes. The overall percentage of activated MCs in ccRCC tissues did not change significantly but shifted toward a more activated subpopulation (VEGFA+ MCs), with a concomitant decrease in proliferative MCs (TNF+ MCs) and resting MCs. An analysis of the ratio of TNF+/VEGFA+ MCs in tumors revealed that MCs exerted antitumor effects on ccRCC. However, VEGFA+MC was produced in large quantities in ccRCC tissues and promoted tumor angiogenesis compared with adjacent normal tissues, which aroused our concern. In addition, MC signature genes were associated with a better prognosis in the KIRC patient cohort in the TCGA database, which is consistent with our findings. Furthermore, the highest level of IL1B expression was observed in macrophages in ccRCC samples, and spatial transcriptome analysis revealed the colocalization of VEGFA+ MCs with IL1B+ macrophages at the tumor–normal interface.

Discussion

In conclusion, this study revealed increased MC density in ccRCC. Although the proportion of activated MCs was not significantly altered in ccRCC tissues compared with normal tissues, this finding highlights a shift in the MC phenotype from CTSGhighMCs to more activated VEGFA+MCs, providing a potential therapeutic target for inhibiting ccRCC progression.
Assessment of heat-killed E. coli expressing Chikungunya virus E2 protein as a candidate vaccine for dual protection against Chikungunya virus and E. coli
Authors: Patra Surajit , Gajbhiye Virendra , Karpe Yogesh A.
Published: January 2025

The Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is a mosquito-borne virus with a long history of recurring epidemics transmitted through Aedes mosquitoes. The rapid spread of CHIKV has intensified the need for potent vaccines. Escherichia coli (E.coli), a vital part of human gut microbiota, is utilized in recombinant DNA technology for cloning. However, its high adaptability can lead to severe infections in humans. This study aimed to develop the candidate dual vaccine against CHIKV and E. coli. For this, we expressed the CHIKV E2 protein in the E. coli Rosetta Bl21 cells and the protein expression was confirmed by western blotting. The IgG immune response of the candidate vaccine was determined against CHIKV and E. coli by ELISA. Further, the potential of antibodies to neutralize CHIKV was evaluated via Tissue Culture Infectious Dose 50 (TCID50). We observed that cells expressing E2 protein with alum immunized mice serum showed a five-fold higher IgG immune response against CHIKV, compared to control cells. The CHIKV neutralization assay results showed a two-fold decrease in CHIKV TCID50 value after 12 hours and a three-fold reduction after 120 hours. Similarly, the vaccine formulation also elicited a significantly higher IgG immune response against E. coli. The results suggested that expressing CHIKV E2 protein in E. coli is a potential approach for generating an IgG immune response against CHIKV and E. coli both. This study proposes a faster, safer, and cost-effective recombinant protein-based vaccine development.
PANoptosis in intestinal epithelium: its significance in inflammatory bowel disease and a potential novel therapeutic target for natural products
Authors: Zhao Chuanxiang , Lin Shan
Published: January 2025

The intestinal epithelium, beyond its role in absorption and digestion, serves as a critical protective mechanical barrier that delineates the luminal contents and the gut microbiota from the lamina propria within resident mucosal immune cells to maintain intestinal homeostasis. The barrier is manifested as a contiguous monolayer of specialized intestinal epithelial cells (IEC), interconnected through tight junctions (TJs). The integrity of this epithelial barrier is of paramount. Consequently, excessive IEC death advances intestinal permeability and as a consequence thereof the translocation of bacteria into the lamina propria, subsequently triggering an inflammatory response, which underpins the clinical disease trajectory of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). A burgeoning body of evidence illustrates a landscape where IEC undergoes several the model of programmed cell death (PCD) in the pathophysiology and pathogenesis of IBD. Apoptosis, necroptosis, and pyroptosis represent the principal modalities of PCD with intricate specific pathways and molecules. Ample evidence has revealed substantial mechanistic convergence and intricate crosstalk among these three aforementioned forms of cell death, expanding the conceptualization of PANoptosis orchestrated by the PNAoptosome complex. This review provides a concise overview of the molecular mechanisms of apoptosis, necroptosis, and pyroptosis. Furthermore, based on the crosstalk between three cell deaths in IEC, this review details the current knowledge regarding PANoptosis in IEC and its regulation by natural products. Our objective is to broaden the comprehension of innovative molecular mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of IBD and to furnish a foundation for developing more natural drugs in the treatment of IBD, benefiting both clinical practitioners and research workers.
Case report: Adult case of A20 haploinsufficiency suspected as neuro-Behçet disease
Authors: Shirai Harumi , Saito-Sato Naoko , Horiuchi Emiko , Kikuchi Hirotoshi , Kadowaki Saori , Ohnishi Hidenori , Suzuki Takeshi
Published: January 2025

Patients with A20 haploinsufficiency (HA20) presenting with central nervous system (CNS) symptoms are rare, and available reports are limited. Here, we describe a patient with HA20, previously followed up as Behçet disease, who presented with CNS symptoms in adulthood. A 38-year-old Japanese male who had been followed up for incomplete Behçet disease at another hospital since 28 years of age presented to our hospital with acute-onset diplopia and persistent hiccups that were severe enough to cause vomiting. Despite suspicion of neuro-Behçet disease on the basis of the patient’s medical history, a definitive diagnosis could not be made. He experienced transient episodes of diplopia over a short period, and brain magnetic resonance imaging T2 fluid-attenuated inversion recovery images revealed nonspecific hyperintensities in the cerebral white matter. He was initially managed with low-dose prednisolone and colchicine but continued to experience low-grade fever, recurrent oral ulcers, and genital ulcers. A gene panel test for periodic fever syndromes revealed a variant in the TNFAIP3 gene, showing a c.259C>T nonsense variant. As previous reports have described the same variant in patients with HA20, the patient was diagnosed with HA20. The patient’s response to glucocorticoids and colchicine therapy was limited, and his symptoms improved upon initiation of tumor necrosis factor-α inhibitor therapy. The variant showing a c.259C>T nonsense variant in the TNFAIP3 gene has been previously reported in China and France, making this the first report in Japan, which is considered a rare instance of HA20 with CNS involvement.
Prognostic value of immunosuppression scores in patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma: a multicenter study
Authors: Xu Shao-jun , Luo Yun-fan , Huang Jin , Tu Jia-hua , Chen Chao , Shen Yan-ming , Sun Zhao-min , Chen Shu-chen
Published: January 2025

Introduction

The prognostic impact of human leukocyte antigen-E (HLA-E) expression and the proportion of natural killer (NK) cells in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) was investigated.

Methods

This study retrospectively evaluated 397 ESCC patients across two centers. The cumulative incidence of recurrence (CIR) and the incidence of tumor-related death (CID) were analyzed in various groups. An immunosuppression score (ISS) was developed based on HLA-E expression and NK cell proportion. Differences between groups were adjusted using inverse probability treatment weighting (IPTW). The factors influencing cancer-specific survival (CSS) and recurrence-free survival (RFS) were also examined.

Results

Patients with low HLA-E expression had significantly higher five-year CIR and CID compared to those with high expression (CIR: 20.7% vs. 45.1%, CID: 19.3% vs. 40.1%; p< 0.001). Similarly, NK cell-positive patients had significantly better five-year CIR and CID than NK cell-negative patients (CIR: 16.3% vs. 59.6%, CID: 13.9% vs. 53.7%; p < 0.001). The Sankey diagram indicated that the low ISS group had a lower recurrence and tumor-related mortality rate (p < 0.05). After IPTW adjustment, the low ISS group showed improved five-year RFS (80.1% vs. 35.4%, p < 0.001) and five-year CSS (82.3% vs. 42.5%, p < 0.001) compared to the high ISS group.

Conclusions

ESCC with different ISS statuses represents two distinct biological subtypes, underscoring the need for personalized treatment strategies tailored to varying tumor behaviors.
Transplant oncology and anti-cancer immunosuppressants
Authors: Kong Dejun , Duan Jinliang , Chen Shaofeng , Wang Zhenglu , Ren Jiashu , Lu Jianing , Chen Tao , Song Zhuolun , Wu Di , Chang Yuan , Yin Zhongqian , Shen Zhongyang , Zheng Hong
Published: January 2025

Organ transplantation is a life-saving intervention that enhances the quality of life for patients with end-stage organ failure. However, long-term immunosuppressive therapy is required to prevent allogeneic graft rejection, which inadvertently elevates the risk of post-transplant malignancies, especially for liver transplant recipients with a prior history of liver cancer. In response, the emerging field of transplant oncology integrates principles from oncology and immunology to improve outcomes for patients at high risk of tumor occurrence or recurrence following transplantation. Therefore, it is of substantial clinical significance to develop immunosuppressants that possess both immunosuppressive and anti-tumor properties. For instance, mTOR inhibitors demonstrate anti-tumor effects among antimetabolite immunosuppressive drugs, and recent studies indicate that capecitabine, an antimetabolite chemotherapeutic, may also exhibit immunosuppressive activity in the clinic for liver transplants suffering from hepatocellular carcinoma. This review systematically explores potential immunosuppressants with dual anti-tumor and immunosuppressive effects to support the management of transplant patients at elevated risk of tumor occurrence or recurrence.
Current status and perspectives of hematopoietic cell transplantation in patients with paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria
Authors: Ussowicz Marek , Przystupski Dawid , Mensah-Glanowska Patrycja , Piekarska Agnieszka
Published: January 2025

Background

Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH) is a rare complement-driven acquired hemolytic anemia with specific presentations of hemoglobinuria, abdominal pain, fatigue, and thrombosis.

Objective

To review the current therapeutic strategies for PNH, including anti-complement therapy and allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (alloHCT), focusing on the tailoring of the approach to the disease subtype.

Results

The outcome of alloHCT varies depending on disease severity, thrombotic history, and response to prior therapies. Non-transplant PNH therapies include anti-C5 monoclonal antibodies that reduce terminal complement activation (eculizumab, ravulizumab, and crovalimab) and proximal complement pathway inhibitors such as pegcetacoplan (C3 inhibitor), iptacopan (complement factor B inhibitor), and danicopan (complement factor D inhibitor). Although complement inhibitors have revolutionized treatment, alloHCT remains the only curative therapy, particularly for patients who are refractory to medical management or have severe cytopenia. This review outlines the conditioning regimens used in alloHCT and summarizes recent studies showing that overall survival rates improve with less toxic conditioning protocols.

Conclusions

AlloHCT can be used to manage PNH, particularly in patients who are resistant to or without access to complement-targeted therapies. Any potential cure offered by alloHCT must be counterbalanced by the significant procedure risks, including graft-versus-host disease and transplant-related mortality, particularly in patients with comorbidities. In the case of severe aplastic anemia with an associated PNH clone, immunoablative protocols based on anti-thymocyte globulin serotherapy with fludarabine and cyclophosphamide are recommended. The use of reduced toxicity protocols with fludarabine has been well-documented in patients with classic PNH. A treosulfan/fludarabine-based regimen is recommended; however, there is no consensus on optimal drug selection.
Targeting the chemokines in acute graft-versus-host disease
Authors: Xu Ziwei , Wang Huafang
Published: January 2025

Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) constitutes a critical therapeutic approach for patients with malignant hematological disorders. Nevertheless, acute graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), one of the most prevalent complications associated with HSCT, remains a leading contributor to non-relapse mortality. In recent years, there has been an increasing focus on the interplay between chemokines and their receptors in the context of acute GVHD. Chemokines exert substantial effects across various pathological conditions, including autoimmune diseases, inflammatory processes, tumorigenesis, and metastatic dissemination. In this review, we aim to elucidate the role of chemokines in the pathogenesis of acute GVHD and further understand their potential as diagnostic biomarkers. We also present both preclinical and clinical insights into the application of chemokines in preventing and treating acute GVHD. The objective of this review is to offer novel perspectives on the clinical diagnosis and management strategies for acute GVHD.
Absence of infection by Trichinella spp. (Nematoda: Trichinellidae) in free-living wild carnivores in Brazil
Authors: Andrade Lívia de Oliveira , Perin Patricia Parreira , Arias-Pacheco Carmen Andrea , Amorim Camilla de Souza , Lefort Fernanda , Pereira Fernanda Mara Aragão Macedo , Soares-Neto Lauro Leite , Bordignon Fernandes Antonio de Pádua , Oliveira Wilson Junior , Ichikawa Ricardo Shoiti , da Costa André Luiz Mota , Ruffino Paulo Henrique Peira , Werther Karin , Lux Hoppe Estevam Guilherme
Published: January 2025

Background

Nematodes of the genus Trichinella are foodborne zoonotic pathogens that are widespread globally. These parasites have two epidemiological cycles, domestic and sylvatic, with the latter having wild carnivores as the main reservoirs of the parasite. Trichinella spp. have been increasingly detected in wild carnivores in Argentina and Chile. Although the disease is absent in domestic animals in Brazil, there is serological evidence that the agent is circulating in wild boars in some areas. This study aimed to diagnose Trichinella spp. infection through artificial tissue digestion and histopathology of selected tissues of wild carnivores from São Paulo state, southeastern Brazil.

Methods

Tissue samples (forearm muscles, diaphragm, and tongue) from 53 wild carnivores (21 Canidae, 25 Felidae, 04 Mustelidae, 03 Procyonidae) were used, along with a retrospective study of the slide bank, considering samples from the period 2010 to 2021, totaling 89 free-living carnivores (42 Canidae, 42 Felidae, 03 Mustelidae, 02 Procyonidae).

Results

Either artificial digestion or histopathological analyses did not reveal any larvae suggestive of Trichinella spp., indicating that the nematode was not circulating within the target population.

Conclusion

To date, there is no direct evidence of nematode circulation in wild carnivores in the study area.
From ocean to cage: evaluating the culture feasibility of Black-spotted croaker (Protonibea diacanthus)
Authors: Ghosh Shubhadeep , Dash Gyanaranjan , Dash Biswajit , Pradhan Rajesh Kumar , Megarajan Sekar , Behera Pralaya Ranjan , Ranjan Ritesh , Sen Swatipriyanka , Das Madhumita , Suresh Vettath Raghavan , Gopalakrishnan Achamveetil , Jena Joykrushna
Published: January 2025

Introduction

This study evaluates the feasibility of culturing the high-value marine fish Protonibea diacanthus in a polyculture system with Indian pompano (Trachinotus mookalee) using a marine cage culture setup. The study aims to determine growth performance, feed efficiency, and the potential of P. diacanthus as a candidate species for polyculture.

Methods

Wild-caught P. diacanthus were reared in six high-density polyethylene sea cages (Inner Diameter: 6 m; Outer Diameter: 7 m; Depth: 4.5 m; Area: 28.29 m²; Volume: 127.29 m³). Two experimental groups were established: Group-1 with 90 individuals (average weight: 130.15 ± 6.39 g) and Group-2 with 90 individuals (average weight: 287.80 ± 16.90 g). Each group was divided into three cages (30 fish/cage) and reared in triplicate with T. mookalee (2,500 fish/cage, average weight: 31.12 ± 1.17 g). The fish were cultured for 148 days and fed a commercial diet (40% crude protein, 10% crude lipid). Growth indices and feed efficiency indices were analyzed, and growth of the fish was modeled using von Bertalanffy Growth Function (VBGF).

Results

Growth performance indices, including total length gain, body weight gain, and specific growth rate, were significantly higher in Group-1 (P ≤ 0.05). Feed efficiency indices (feed conversion ratio, feed efficiency ratio, and protein efficiency ratio) did not differ significantly between the groups (P > 0.05). VBGF modeling estimated P. diacanthus asymptotic length (L∞) at 164.21 ± 3.58 cm, asymptotic weight (W∞) at 44,070.19 ± 2811 g, growth coefficient (K) at 0.30 ± 0.01 yr−1 and t₀ at -0.005 ± 0.02 yr. The growth performance index (ϕ’) was calculated at 1.91, surpassing values reported for wild populations. Polyculture with P. diacanthus did not significantly affect the growth or feed utilization of T. mookalee (P > 0.05).

Discussion and conclusion

The results indicate that P. diacanthus exhibits superior growth under marine cage culture conditions, with a high growth performance and compatibility in polyculture systems. These findings support the potential of P. diacanthus as a viable candidate for integration into commercial polyculture systems.
State of the art on biodegradability of bio-based plastics containing polylactic acid
Authors: Lors Christine , Leleux Pauline , Park Chung Hae
Published: January 2025

Bio-based plastics represent an opportunity to reduce the impact of petroleum-based plastics on the environment, leading to harmful effects on both terrestrial and marine ecosystems. Nevertheless, the plant origin of bio-based plastics does not necessarily imply better management of their end of life. However, when recycling is impossible, the biological degradation of bio-based plastics would be an effective method to reduce their environmental impact. Polylactic acid (PLA) is one of the most produced biopolymers currently among the bio-based plastics already developed for several years. Thus, the objective of this article is to provide a state of the art on the biodegradation of bio-based plastics based on PLA. In particular, the microorganisms catalyzing the different biochemical reactions and the main biodegradation mechanisms are reviewed according to aerobic and anaerobic conditions. Moreover, different microorganisms involved in the degradation of PLA are summarized. Furthermore, a special attention is paid to the analytical methods to evaluate the biodegradation of polylactic acid and to the different existing biodegradation test methods, because this subject has rarely been reviewed in the literature. In the end, several promising topics for the future research are proposed, such as enzyme engineering technology as a recently emerging method for PLA degradation and a new common testing method to collect as much data as possible on the biodegradability to compare different studies.
The risk control of rollover safety for new energy vehicles based on wire controlled chassis system
Authors: Wang Guosheng
Published: January 2025

Introduction

Technological innovation is the key to ensuring the safety performance of new energy vehicles, which is crucial for ensuring the safety performance of new energy vehicles.

Methods

In order to ensure the safety and dynamism of new energy vehicles, a fuzzy dynamic Markov control strategy was adopted to design a vehicle’s anti-rollover wire controlled chassis system, analyze its fuzzy failure efficiency, and combine fault tree analysis to assess the safety integrity level of the vehicle.

Results

The results showed that the proposed control strategy achieved a wheel turning angle error of within 0.002° for new energy vehicles, indicating good vehicle performance. In the case of sharp turns, the proposed control strategy had a body roll angle of basically within 3.0°. The designed new energy vehicle reached the automotive safety integrity level D, which means that the designed system can maintain functional safety in the event of potential faults, significantly reducing the risk of vehicle accidents and ensuring passenger safety and vehicle dynamic stability.

Discussion

By reducing the risk of vehicle rollover under extreme driving conditions, vehicle handling and reliability could be improved, ensuring that new energy vehicles can operate more safely in a wider range of real-world scenarios. This provides a certain technical theory for the safety control of car rollover, which is helpful for the safety risk management of vehicles.
Epidemiology of endometriosis in Kazakhstan: a national population-based cohort analysis (2014–2019) using data from the national electronic healthcare system
Authors: Aimagambetova Gulzhanat , Sakko Yesbolat , Ukybassova Talshyn , Terzic Milan , Marat Aizada , Kamzayeva Nazira , Gusmanov Arnur , Zhakhina Gulnur , Yerdessov Sauran , Mussina Kamilla , Syssoyev Dmitriy , Gaipov Abduzhappar
Published: January 2025

Background

Endometriosis is a condition affecting reproductive-age women and associated with dysmenorrhea, pelvic organs dysfunction, pelvic pain, and infertility. The real epidemiology of endometriosis remains underestimated. No data are available on prevalence of endometriosis in Kazakhstan. Therefore, the aim of this was to investigate the epidemiology, complications, surgical management approach, and outcomes of endometriosis in Kazakhstan by analyzing large-scale Kazakhstani healthcare data from the Unified Nationwide Electronic Health System (UNEHS).

Methods

A population-based study among women with endometriosis treated in any healthcare setting of the Republic of Kazakhstan during the period of 2014–2019 was performed. The International Classification of Diseases (ICD) 10th edition was used to retrieve data on endometriosis (“N80” and “N97”). ICD 9th edition’s procedural codes were utilized to retrieve information on surgical procedures performed to manage patients with endometriosis.

Results

In total, 7,682 records of women diagnosed with endometriosis were analyzed from all Kazakhstani regions. The overall prevalence of endometriosis among Kazakhstani female population was 0.12%, with 50.1% of them suffering from endometriosis of the uterus, 34.5% with ovarian endometriosis, and 9.5% with endometriosis of pelvic peritoneum. The most affected group was reproductive-age women (25–44 years old). Endometriosis rates were higher among women of 35–39, 40–44, and 45–49 years old age groups – 0.4 per 1000 women of corresponding age. The most common procedures performed for surgical management were laparoscopic cystectomy and closed biopsy of the uterus, 16.4 and 13.5%, respectively.

Conclusion

Among all registered cases of endometriosis, ovarian endometriosis is the most prevalent condition. However, the analysis of the UNEHS records on endometriosis reveals incomplete and inconsistent registration of the disease, which results in the underestimation of the disease’s real burden. Clinical specialist and health authorities in Kazakhstan must work to ensure the endometriosis proper diagnosis end registration to improve the disease management and outcomes.
A novel approach of using transtibial transport (TTT) to manage thromboembolic events following surgical management of necrotizing soft tissue infection: a case report
Authors: Boey Johnson , Lee Jordon , Zhou ZheGang
Published: January 2025

Necrotising soft tissue infections (NSTIs) are one of the most challenging and severe forms of infections. The prognosis requires accurate and aggressive diagnosis and management. In this case, we present an unexplained case of concurrence of TE events following BKA for the surgical management of NSTI. As with the standard management, the first step involves aggressive surgical debridement of non-viable tissue which eventually lead to below-knee amputation for effective source control. Lower limb endovascular angioplasty was attempted but unsuccessful. The PAD was managed with antithrombotic therapy. In spite of this, the patient developed thromboembolic events 1 week following BKA. In response, the antiplatelet therapy with low-molecular weight heparin was enhanced. Transtibial transport was performed after patient found to have stenosis in distal tibial arteries, which the patient refused any further vascular intervention. Nonetheless, with meticulous planning and concerted team efforts, we successfully reversed TE events and salvaged the contralateral limb without the need for amputation. With intensive rehabilitation, the patient was able to return to their pre-morbid functional quality of life.
Effect of diet low in omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids on the global burden of cardiovascular diseases and future trends: evidence from the Global Burden of Disease 2021
Authors: Mao Qingsong , Kong Yuzhe
Published: January 2025

Background

This research analyzes the worldwide impact of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) associated with low consumption of omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids, utilizing data from the 2021 Global Burden of Disease Study.

Method

The study explored the influence of diets deficient in omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids on CVD across global, regional, and national levels. It examined variations across different age groups and genders and analyzed the relationship between the disease burden and the socio-demographic index (SDI). Furthermore, it employed an ARIMA model to project the future prevalence of CVD linked to insufficient omega-6 intake until 2050.

Result

In 2021, insufficient omega-6 intake was linked to roughly 737.88 thousand deaths and 17.87 million disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) due to CVD, showing a decreasing trend in this health burden throughout the study period. The most significant effects were seen in individuals aged 75 and older, with a higher disease burden noted in males. Forecasts suggest likely declines in disease prevalence in regions with high SDI. On a national level, regions like Russia and various countries in North Africa and the Middle East might experience increasing challenges related to CVD due to low omega-6 intake by 2030 and 2050.

Conclusion

These results highlight the critical need for preventive strategies for CVD and stress the importance of managing dietary patterns to mitigate health risks.
Advances in the clinical application of machine learning in acute pancreatitis: a review
Authors: Tan Zhaowang , Li Gaoxiang , Zheng Yueliang , Li Qian , Cai Wenwei , Tu Jianfeng , Jin Senjun
Published: January 2025

Traditional disease prediction models and scoring systems for acute pancreatitis (AP) are often inadequate in providing concise, reliable, and effective predictions regarding disease progression and prognosis. As a novel interdisciplinary field within artificial intelligence (AI), machine learning (ML) is increasingly being applied to various aspects of AP, including severity assessment, complications, recurrence rates, organ dysfunction, and the timing of surgical intervention. This review focuses on recent advancements in the application of ML models in the context of AP.
The prediction value of serum anion gap for short-term mortality in pulmonary hypertension patients with sepsis: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Zhu Jinhua , Zhang Zeying , Lei Yefei , Ouyang Zhenrong , Kutty Shelby , Liu Qiming , Xiao Yunbin
Published: January 2025

Background

The relationship between anion gap (AG) and short-term mortality of pulmonary hypertension (PH) patients with sepsis in the intensive care unit (ICU) remains unclear.

Methods

This study involved a retrospective analysis of incident PH patients with sepsis first admitted to the ICU in the MIMIC IV database (2008 to 2019). Short-term outcomes include in-hospital mortality and 28-day mortality. According to the AG value (17.0 mmol/L), patients were divided into high-AG and low-AG groups. The Kaplan–Meier survival curve was used to compare the cumulative survival rates of the high and low groups using the log-rank test. Multivariable Cox regression analyses were constructed to assess the relationship between AG and short-term outcomes in PH patients with sepsis.

Results

A total of 2,012 sepsis patients with PH were included. The in-hospital mortality rates (11.4%) and 28-day mortality rates (12.8%) in the high-AG group were higher than those in the low-AG group (5.0% or 7.2%, respectively; P < 0.001). The Kaplan–Meier curve showed that the in-hospital and 28-day cumulative survival rates were lower in the high-AG group than in the low-AG group (P < 0.001). The multivariable Cox regression analysis confirmed that elevated AG was an independent risk factor of in-hospital mortality, 28-day mortality, and length of stay in the ICU and hospital. The relationship between elevated AG and in-hospital mortality remains stable after subgroup analyses.

Conclusion

Elevated serum AG is associated with increased risk-adjusted short-term mortality in PH patients with sepsis, and it may aid clinicians in identifying patients with poor prognosis as early as possible.
Application of artificial intelligence in the health management of chronic disease: bibliometric analysis
Authors: Pan Mingxia , Li Rong , Wei Junfan , Peng Huan , Hu Ziping , Xiong Yuanfang , Li Na , Guo Yuqin , Gu Weisheng , Liu Hanjiao
Published: January 2025

Background

With the rising global burden of chronic diseases, traditional health management models are encountering significant challenges. The integration of artificial intelligence (AI) into chronic disease management has enhanced patient care efficiency, optimized treatment strategies, and reduced healthcare costs, providing innovative solutions in this field. However, current research remains fragmented and lacks systematic, comprehensive analysis.

Objective

This study conducts a bibliometric analysis of AI applications in chronic disease health management, aiming to identify research trends, highlight key areas, and provide valuable insights into the current state of the field. Hoping our findings will serve as a useful reference for guiding further research and fostering the effective application of AI in healthcare.

Methods

The Web of Science Core Collection database was utilized as the source. All relevant publications from inception to August 2024 were retrieved. The external characteristics of the publications were summarized using HistCite. Keyword co-occurrences among countries, authors, and institutions were analyzed with Vosviewer, while CiteSpace was employed to assess keyword frequencies and trends.

Results

A total of 341 publications were retrieved, originating from 775 institutions across 55 countries, and published in 175 journals by 2,128 authors. A notable surge in publications occurred between 2013 and 2024, accounting for 95.31% (325/341) of the total output. The United States and the Journal of Medical Internet Research were the leading contributors in this field. Our analysis of the 341 publications revealed four primary research clusters: diagnosis, care, telemedicine, and technology. Recent trends indicate that mobile health technologies and machine learning have emerged as key focal points in the application of artificial intelligence in the field of chronic disease management.

Conclusion

Despite significant advancements in the application of AI in chronic disease management, several critical challenges persist. These include improving research quality, fostering greater international and inter-institutional collaboration, standardizing data-sharing practices, and addressing ethical and legal concerns. Future research should prioritize strengthening global partnerships to facilitate cross-disciplinary and cross-regional knowledge exchange, optimizing AI technologies for more precise and effective chronic disease management, and ensuring their seamless integration into clinical practice.
Efficacy of an intervention to increase therapeutic adherence in patients with secondary prevention for cardiovascular disease: a study protocol for a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Lidón-Muñoz Francisco Manuel , Quesada José Antonio , Gil-Guillén Vicente Francisco , Orozco-Beltrán Domingo
Published: January 2025

Introduction

Cardiovascular diseases represent the leading cause of mortality worldwide. This category includes cerebrovascular disease, ischemic heart disease, and peripheral vascular disease. Secondary prevention is effective for patients with a history of cardiovascular events, with antihypertensives, statins, and acetylsalicylic acid being the most prescribed drugs. Therapeutic adherence is crucial, as the lack of it increases morbidity, mortality, reduces quality of life, and raises healthcare costs. However, less than half of patients adhere to all three drugs within the first year post-event. Furthermore, non-adherence is more pronounced in primary care.

Objective

Based on our hypothesis that in patients undergoing cardiovascular secondary prevention, an intervention grounded in the application of the Chronic Care Model improves adherence to the three preventive drugs, this study aims to evaluate the efficacy of a health education intervention, which implements this model, to increase adherence in patients with cardiovascular disease.

Methods

An open-label randomized controlled trial will be conducted, selecting patients who meet inclusion criteria through consecutive non-probability sampling. Random assignment will be performed using the random number table method. Based on a therapeutic adherence rate of 50% in the control group and 80% in the intervention group, with a type I error of 5% (95% confidence interval), a type II error of 20% (80% power), and accounting for a 15% loss to follow-up, the final sample size will be of 45 patients per group. Follow-up will last for 1 year. Following data collection, univariate, bivariate, and multivariate analyses will be performed to isolate confounding factors and assess the intervention’s impact on adherence.

Discussion

If the results obtained in this study are favorable and the intervention is successful in enhancing therapeutic adherence, its applicability would be substantial, representing a feasible intervention for implementation in primary care. This approach addresses a significant public health issue, namely the lack of therapeutic adherence and its associated consequences. Moreover, this is particularly pertinent for high-risk patients, such as those in secondary prevention, given that cardiovascular disease remains the leading cause of mortality in developed countries. This trial has been registered at clinicalTrials.gov, https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT06510946.
Asperulosidic acid inhibits the PI3K/Akt/NF-κB pathway to suppress endotoxin-induced uveitis
Authors: Du Yong , Lu Jing , Feng Lujia , Zhao Long , Wu Ping , He Yuxia , Zhou Linbin , Wang Xing , Peng Hui
Published: January 2025

Introduction

Uveitis, a severe inflammatory disease affecting the uvea, is associated with visual impairment and irreversible blindness. Asperulosidic Acid (ASPA), derived from Hedyotis diffusa, is known for its notable anti-inflammatory and antioxidant characteristics.

Methods

The present study explored the potential anti-inflammatory effects and the fundamental processes of ASPA by injecting it or a placebo into the vitreous of rats with endotoxin-induced uveitis (EIU). The severity of the disease was assessed using clinical scores obtained through slit lamp examination. The study involved the examination of protein concentrations and cell count in the aqueous humor (AqH), the detection of inflammatory mediators expressed in the retina. We evaluated the expression levels of various proteins, including the tight junction protein ZO-1, the endothelial marker VE-cadherin, and the key inflammatory mediators NF-κB and its phosphorylated form, along with the regulatory proteins IκB-a and IKK in their phosphorylated and non-phosphorylated states.

Results

ASPA treatment significantly reduced the clinical score of EIU, including inflammatory leukocyte penetration, protein accumulation, cellulose-like exudates, the expression of ICAM-1, IL-6, MCP-1, and TNF-α in the AqH; and adhesion of leukocytes. The activation of the PI3K/Akt/NF-κB pathway was observed in EIU. Nevertheless, pretreatment with ASPA significantly suppressed the release of ICAM-1, TNF-α, MCP-1, and IL-6.

Discussion

ASPA may play a role in suppressing LPS-induced inflammation by obstructing the activation of the PI3K/Akt/NF-κB signaling pathway. As a result, ASPA has shown the capacity to significantly reduce immune inflammation.
Epigenetic and epitranscriptomic regulation during oncogenic γ-herpesvirus infection
Authors: Singh Rajnish Kumar , Vangala Ramakrishna , Torne Atharva S. , Bose Dipayan , Robertson Erle S.
Published: January 2025

Oncogenic gamma herpesviruses, including Epstein–Barr Virus (EBV) and Kaposi’s Sarcoma-associated Herpesvirus (KSHV), are opportunistic cancer-causing viruses and induces oncogenesis through complex mechanisms, which involves manipulation of cellular physiology as well as epigenetic and epitranscriptomic reprogramming. In this review, we describe the intricate processes by which these viruses interact with the epigenetic machinery, leading to alterations in DNA methylation, histone modifications, and the involvement of non-coding RNAs. The key viral proteins such as EBNA1 and LMP1 encoded by EBV; LANA and vGPCR encoded by KSHV; play pivotal roles in these modifications by interacting with host factors, and dysregulating signaling pathways. The resultant reprogramming can lead to activation of oncogenes, silencing of tumor suppressor genes, and evasion of the immune response, which ultimately contributes to the oncogenic potential of these viruses. Furthermore, in this review, we explore current therapeutic strategies targeting these epigenetic alterations and discuss future directions for research and treatment. Through this comprehensive examination of the epigenetic and epitranscriptomic reprogramming mechanisms employed by oncogenic gamma herpesviruses, we aim to provide valuable insights into potential avenues for novel therapeutic interventions.