bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Balzac penseur de Dante
Authors: Vanoncini André
Published: January 2018

Balzac, dans Les Proscrits entre autres, a rendu hommage à Dante. La critique, quant à elle, a souvent insisté sur la référence voulue du titre de La Comédie humaine à celui de La Divine Comédie . Il reste pourtant à savoir comment les deux œuvres communiquent, s’associent ou se dissocient. On propose de répondre à cette question en étudiant particulièrement les concepts de sphère et de cercle, d’enfer et de ciel, de mouvement, lumière et parole divins.
La délimitation des groupes dans l’étude des représentations sociales : une comparaison méthodologique sur la représentation de Facebook
Authors: Buschini Fabrice , Cristea Mioara
Published: January 2018

Une étude exploratoire a été réalisée pour comparer, sur un même objet social, les résultats obtenus par deux approches différentes de l’étude des représentations sociales, notamment sur leur conception du consensus : l’approche structurale et les principes organisateurs. La représentation sociale de Facebook a été étudiée selon ces deux approches sur les mêmes participants issus d’une population suisse mixte ( N = 361), en comparant des groupes de tailles ou d’homogénéités différentes. Les résultats montrent que ces caractéristiques ont un impact sur les méthodes proposées par les deux approches, poussant à considérer leurs résultats habituels avec précaution : la révélation du noyau central est extrêmement tributaire de la taille des groupes, surtout s’ils sont hétérogènes. Les principes organisateurs sont peu applicables aux groupes de petite taille, mais ils captent des positionnements homogènes au sein d’une population hétérogène. Les implications théoriques et méthodologiques sont discutées selon les applications potentielles des deux perspectives.
L’invention de « l’ouvrier-machine » : esclave aliéné ou pure intelligence au début de l’ère industrielle ?
Authors: Jarrige François
Published: January 2018

La figure de « l’ouvrier-machine » – dont le publiciste Lemontey annonçait dès 1801 qu’il serait « timide et sédentaire », « prodigieusement ignorant, crédule et superstitieux » – est un enjeu de débat récurrent aux premiers temps de l’industrialisation. En explorant les usages de l’expression « ouvrier-machine » et les interprétations contradictoires qu’elle suscite dans la première moitié du xix e  siècle chez les théoriciens de l’économie politique et parmi les artisans et ouvriers qui prennent la plume pour décrire leur condition de travail, l’enjeu est d’explorer la généalogie et les fonctions de ce thème de l’homme-machine. De la condamnation morale de l’ouvrier aliéné et esclave du machinisme à la célébration de l’ouvrier devenu « pure intelligence », tout un spectre de significations s’élabore pour caractériser cette figure nouvelle aux premiers temps de l’âge industriel et ainsi tenter d’en fixer les contours et les significations.
Oppositional loyalty of the individual: When symbolic consumption and anti-consumption are two faces of the same coin
Authors: Djedidi Amina
Published: January 2018

La présente recherche a comme objectif d’explorer le phénomène de la fidélité oppositionnelle de l’individu puisqu’il emprunte de nouvelles composantes de la littérature sur la consommation symbolique et l’anti consommation symbolique. En se basant sur le marché des smartphones, nous analysons les commentaires des internautes et les entretiens des consommateurs. Les résultats mettent en avant l’existence de la fidélité oppositionnelle s’exprimant par une attitude et un comportement positifs envers la marque choisie et une attitude et comportement négatifs envers la marque rejetée. Les résultats permettent aux managers de définir des stratégies de défenses du capital marque et de résister à la concurrence. Une nouvelle grille de lecture de la fidélité est ainsi proposée.
Understanding the French collective unconscious for buying halal meat: Local butcher vs supermarket
Authors: Benabdallah Mounia
Published: January 2018

Le marché mondial relié à la religion musulmane représente environ un quart de la population mondiale et devrait augmenter d’environ 35 % au cours des 20 prochaines années. Les marketeurs devraient reconnaître que ce marché en croissance n’est pas homogène et que l’Islam est un mode de vie. En utilisant une approche qualitative d’entretiens semi-directifs pour approfondir notre compréhension du comportement des consommateurs musulmans dans une société confrontée au renouveau islamique, l’objectif de cet article est d’explorer la prise de décision dans le choix du point de distribution de la viande halal. Les résultats de l’étude révèlent dans quelle mesure le choix du consommateur est influencé non seulement par les variables marketing traditionnelles (en particulier le prix et la proximité), mais aussi par les valeurs et les principes de l’Islam. L’étude contribue à la littérature existante en proposant une explication contemporaine des raisons qui poussent les consommateurs musulmans à choisir un boucher halal pour acheter de la viande plutôt que d’autres lieux de distribution.
Protéger la liberté
Authors: Laclémence Patrick
Published: January 2018

Face aux mutations du défi « terrorisme », comment doit-on appréhender la sécurité aujourd’hui ? Depuis une vingtaine d’années, la mission sécurité/sûreté subit de profondes transformations : privatisation de certaines activités, réorganisation police et gendarmerie, impact des nouvelles technologies, émergence de stratégies basées sur l’évaluation de la menace et l’analyse des risques. Ne pouvant maintenir le mythe de l’État providence, les autorités s’adaptent au bassin de vie. Dans cette configuration, la force est de conserver la plus grande proximité possible entre le citoyen et l’action. Les contours d’une telle démarche obligent à explorer les champs de différents temps action - réflexion - décision. L’expertise professionnelle proposée par les centres de recherche du ministère de l’Intérieur favorise ce continuum . La démarche est basée sur les attentes du citoyen. Un cycle vertueux d’échanges en confiance est alors réalisé pour le décideur au bénéfice de la liberté. Patrick Laclémence est directeur du centre de recherche de l’École Nationale Supérieure de Police et ancien commandant de CRS. Depuis 1992, il participe à diverses actions pour favoriser la recherche à finalité opérationnelle. À partir de 2001, il développe le concept de "sécurité globale et anticipation" mis en place avec l’Institut des Hautes Études de Sécurité Intérieure (aujourd’hui IHNESJ). Il est Conseiller recherche auprès du Centre des Hautes Études du ministère de l’Intérieur.
Creatividad artificial en los mundos bioinmersivos
Authors: Hernández-García Iliana
Published: January 2018

Este artículo se propone argumentar acerca de las mutaciones ontológicas que están sobreviniendo en el horizonte contemporáneo de las artes biomediales y electrónicas, a propósito de las transformaciones que producen las epistemologías biocomputacionales no humanas en intersección con el biarte inmersivo. Estas se producen en la biología sintética, en la generación de vida química mínima no orgánica en laboratorio y en la realización de bioarte sintético con tecnologías vivas.
Escrito en el cuerpo. Nuevas performances tecnoartísticas
Authors: Próspero Carolina Di
Published: January 2018

El objeto de estudio en este trabajo es el « Live Coding » (LC), una expresión musical de tipo digital, que desarrolla un colectivo de artistas computacionales, programando música en vivo. El live coder como programador artista, dialoga con el lenguaje de programación que utiliza en sus performances, a través de la manipulación de los códigos en vivo (« on the fly“). En ese diálogo se produce la intervención imaginativa que los constituye como live coders: híbrido lenguaje-artista constituido en el momento de la improvisación.
Lightweight TRC Facade Panels with the LEDs
Authors: Laiblová Lenka , Vlach Tomáš , Ženíšek Michal , Řepka Jakub , Hájek Petr
Published: January 2018

High performance concrete reinforced by technical textiles has found a wide range of applications in recent years. One of the most widespread is the use of this composite for the very thin facade panels of various shapes and technical solutions. This paper presents an unique way how to lighten the facade panels made of high performance concrete (HPC) reinforced by technical textiles, which are additionally equipped with LEDs, so that a sufficient distance can be watch programmed based image displays.
Usage of Recycled Concrete as Subsoil under Industrial Floor
Authors: Mikulica Karel , Hela Rudolf
Published: January 2018

The current construction trend is the reconstruction or revitalization of damaged, unsuitable or unused building materials or objects. One of such large projects in the Czech Republic currently is the reconstruction of the D1 motorway, where the original cement-concrete cover is being replaced. This bulged material has limited field of use. Further use of this material in the Czech Republic is hampered by the lack of legislative provisions for defining the properties of recycled aggregate produced by pre-treatment of old concrete and, consequently, the experience with the further use of this material. Recommendations for which types of concrete or other silicate composites should be used are stated in legislation. It is possible to use recycled concrete in stacked substrates under base concrete or final concrete layers.
The Behavior of FRA Concrete with High Replacement Ratio
Authors: Šefflová Magdaléna
Published: January 2018

This study deals with determination of the properties of the fine recycled aggregate (FRA) concrete with partial replacement of natural sand in concrete mixtures. The FRA was obtained from concrete waste and crushed on fraction 0 – 4 mm by laboratory jaw crusher. The geometrical and physical properties of natural sand and the FRA were tested. The main goal of this study is evaluation of the basic physical and mechanical properties of the concrete with partial natural sand replacement by the FRA such as workability, water absorption capacity, compressive strength and flexural strength. A total four concrete mixtures were prepared. The first concrete mixture was prepared only with natural sand, did not include the FRA. In other concrete mixtures, natural sand was replaced by the FRA in various replacement ratios (40 %, 50 %, and 60 %). All concrete mixtures were designated with the same parameters for clear comparison. The workability of fresh concrete mixtures and physical and mechanical properties of hardened concrete were tested.
Rheological Properties of Lime Mortars with Guar Gum Derivatives
Authors: Vyšvařil Martin , Hegrová Michaela , Žižlavský Tomáš
Published: January 2018

In this paper, the behaviour of fresh lime mortars modified by etherified derivatives of guar (hydroxypropyl guar (HPG), carboxymethyl hydroxypropyl guar (CMHPG) and native guar gum (GG)) is assessed with the purpose of exploring a new application of such derivatives as lime mortar admixtures. The rheological parameters (relative yield stress, consistency coefficient and fluidity index) and viscoelastic properties were correlated with flow table tests, relative density measurements, water retention abilities of mortars and air content in mortars. Results were seen to be strongly dependent on substituents of the guar. Non-ionic derivative (HPG) exhibited the biggest impact on the yield stress and elastic properties of the mortars. The ionic CMHPG showed the thickening effect. GG had low impact on water retention, while HPG and CMHPG displayed high water retention capability.
Experimental Analysis of the Development of Compressive Strength, Modulus of Elasticity and Acoustic Emission Parameters of Alkali-Activated Composites
Authors: Kocáb Dalibor , Topolář Libor , Bílek Jr. Vlastimil , Kucharczyková Barbara , Hoduláková Michaela , Halamová Romana
Published: January 2018

This paper describes an experiment focused on monitoring the development of the modulus of elasticity and the compressive strength of composites that are based on alkali‑activated slag (AAS) during the first 28 days of ageing. The test specimens were tested at the age of 3 and 28 days using two non-destructive methods (ultrasonic pulse and resonance methods) to determine the value of the dynamic modulus of elasticity. Subsequently, the same specimens were used to determine the static modulus of elasticity using compressive stress test, during which the behaviour of the composite was monitored by equipment for recording the acoustic emission in the material. The result of the experiment is the evaluation of the behaviour of the AAS composite in regard to the development of its modulus of elasticity and compressive strength, as well as in regard to the acoustic emission method during loading.
Influence of CNT Addition to the Frost Resistance of Concrete
Authors: Jarolím Tomáš , Brožovský Jiří , Šácha Dominik , Pizúrová Naděžda
Published: January 2018

Frost resistance of concrete is one of the main durability parameter of Central European climatic conditions. Nanoparticles are the most worldwide examining in materials science. In Brno University of Technology has been interested in nanoparticles for years. First steps were dedicated in identification of nanoparticles (CNT), their dosage and dispersion. After solving before mentioned steps the CNT implementation to concrete could happened. In article was experimentally verify influence of CNT addition to concrete frost resistance after 100 frost cycles. Per results it could be said that addition small dosage of CNT increased frost resistance of concrete.
Effect of Ageing Period on Properties of Mechanically Activated Portland Cement
Authors: Dvořák Karel , Švéda Matěj
Published: January 2018

This experiment describes the effects of the aging time since the moment of milling to Portland cements physico-mechanical properties. Possible mechanical activation effects to Portland cement particles has been found. For this experiment two kind of milling technology were used, the conventional milling in a ball mill and high-speed grinding technology in high speed disintegrator and influence of these technologies was also described. The aging period of the cement influences in particular physico-mechanical properties in the early stages of hydration but the final properties after 28 days were not influenced.
Influence of Supplementary Cementitious Materials on the Properties of Concrete for Secondary Protection Barrier in Radioactive Waste Repositories
Authors: Koťátková Jaroslava , Čáchová Monika , Bezdička Petr , Vejmelková Eva , Konvalinka Petr , Zemanová Lucie , Černý Robert
Published: January 2018

The paper studies the basic physical, mechanical and thermal properties of concrete with three types of supplementary materials for use in waste repositories. The used supplementary materials were natural zeolite, brick dust and metashale. These have pozzolanic properties which modify the parameters of resulting matrix and the unreacted part of the material offers sites for sorption of hazardous species. Results showed rather negative influence of natural zeolite on compressive strength and porosity, as well as thermal properties when compared to brick dust and metashale.
Mechanical Performance and Moisture Absorption of Unidirectional Bamboo Fiber Polyester Composite
Authors: Nabinejad Omid , Debnath Sujan , Beh Jack Kai , Ali Mohammad Yeakub
Published: January 2018

Bamboo fibers as a natural fiber offer numerous advantages such as high specific strength over synthetic fiber when used as reinforcing fiber for polymer composites. Yet the hydrophilic nature of bamboo fibers with high moisture absorption results in incompatibility in between bamboo fibers and unsaturated polyester resin. An experimental study was carried out to investigate the effects of alkali treatment of bamboo fiber on the mechanical properties and water sorption properties of polyester composite. The result revealed that, the bamboo fiber polyester composite with 5% Alkali treated bamboo fiber possesses the highest mechanical properties. Besides, Alkali treated fibers composite showed a significant reduction in moisture uptake compared to untreated fibers, where composite with 7% Alkali treated showed the lowest moisture uptake.
Genotyping pattern of the vacuolating cytotoxin A and cytotoxin associated gene A of the Helicobacter pylori strains detected in fecal samples of household dogs
Authors: Bolandi Asieh , Torkan Saam , Alavi Iman
Published: January 2018

In despite of the high clinical impact of Helicobacter pylori, its exact sources and routes of transmission are unknown. Dogs may play an imperative role in the transmission of H. pylori to humans. The current investigation was done to study the status of vacA and cagA genotypes in the H. pylori strains of dogs. One-hundred and fifty fecal samples were collected from healthy and complicated household dogs. Genomic DNA was extracted from fecal samples and presence of 16S rRNA gene was studied using the PCR amplification. Distribution of vacA and cagA genotypes were studied by the multiplex PCR. Thirteen out of 150 fecal samples (8.66%) were positive for H. pylori 16S rRNA gene. Prevalence of H. pylori in healthy and complicated dogs were 5.55% and 8.57%, respectively. Male had the higher prevalence of H. pylori (P=0.038). The most commonly detected genotypes among the H. pylori strains were vacAs1A (61.53%), cagA (38.46%), vacAm1a (38.46%), vacAs2 (30.76%) and vacAm2 (30.76%). The most commonly detected combined genotypes were s1aCagA (30.76%), s1am1a (23.07%), s2m1a (23.07%) and s2CagA (23.07%). Iranian household dogs harbor H. pylori in their fecal samples similar in genotypes of the vacA and cagA alleles which suggest that complicated and even healthy dogs may be the latent host of the H. pylori and its genotypes. However, supplementary studies are required to found the exact role of dogs as a definitive host of the H. pylori.
Comparison between molecular methods (PCR vs LAMP) to detect Candida albicans in bronchoalveolar lavage samples of suspected tuberculosis patients
Authors: Goodarzi Meysam , Shahhosseiny Mohammad Hassan , Bayat Mansour , Hashemi Seyed Jamal , Ghahri Mohammad
Published: January 2018

With the increase of patients suffering from immune deficiency infections also increased pulmonary fungi even in people with defective immune system can cause fatal and lethal candidiasis. The timely diagnosis of pulmonary candidiasis is one of the problems that has been detected. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test and Loop mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) method optimized on the basis of α INT1 gene and then sensitivity and specificity were evaluated. LAMP is a novel nucleic acid amplification technique with high specificity and sensitivity which has been done under isothermal condition. Samples were the bronchoalveolar lavage suspected of tuberculosis (TB) reviews for TB disease negative have been reported. DNA extraction carried out by standard phenol/chloroform method on samples and PCR test and LAMP was done. PCR and LAMP testing was performed on samples and products of 441 bp were amplified and observed with agarose gel electrophoresis. At the end of the LAMP reaction, SYBR Green was used for identifying negative and positive results. Among the 60 quantities sera, only 7 cases were PCR positive but 8 cases were LAMP positive. In comparison, between LAMP and PCR, the LAMP technique in spite of its simplicity, high sensitivity and specificity, could be an appropriate replacement for PCR.
Antibacterial effects of the methanolic extract of Glycine Max (Soybean)
Authors: Hosseini Chaleshtori Seyede Asma , Ataie Kachoie Mehrdad , Hashemi Jazi Seyed Mojtaba
Published: January 2018

High occurrence of antibiotic resistance in pathogenic bacteria is caused by the use of natural medicinal plants to eliminate risk of infectious diseases. Glycine max is on the most popular and nutritious foods with high antimicrobial effects. The present research was done to study the antibacterial effects of the methanolic extract of G. max against Gram-negative and positive bacteria. G. max seeds of M7 and M9 varieties were purchased and their methanolic extracts were collected. Diameter of the zone of growth inhibition of extracts were measured for pathogenic bacteria using the CLSI guidelines. Antimicrobial effects of G. max extracts were also compared with several antibiotics. Diameter of the inhibition zone of tested bacteria against different treatments of G. max had a ranges of 5.93±0.18 to 22.61±1.80 mm. M7 variety had a higher antimicrobial effects on tested bacteria (P0.05). The highest diameter of the zone of growth inhibition was seen for L. monocytogenes (22.61±1.80 mm) and S. aureus (19.33±1.56 mm). Antimicrobial effects of the methanolic extract of the G. max was also dose-dependent (P0.05). Diameter of the inhibition zone of tested bacteria against different antibiotic agents had a ranges of 5.94±0.38 to 24.95±2.11 mm. Ciprofloxacin, penicillin G tetracycline, gentamicin and azithromycin antibiotic agents exhibited the highest diameter of zone of the growth inhibition for K. pneumoniae (15.71±1.46 mm), L. monocytogenes (23.94±2.03 mm), L. monocytogenes (20.55±1.95 mm), S. aureus (14.27±1.36 mm) and L. monocytogenes (24.95±2.11 mm), respectively. Formulation of antibiotic agent using the 100 mg/mL concentration of the M7 variety of G. max has been recommended for treatment of the cases of infectious diseases
Calibration and assessment of electrochemical air quality sensors by co-location with regulatory-grade instruments
Authors: Hagan David H. , Isaacman-VanWertz Gabriel , Franklin Jonathan P. , Wallace Lisa M. M. , Kocar Benjamin D. , Heald Colette L. , Kroll Jesse H.
Published: January 2018

Abstract. The use of low-cost air quality sensors for air pollution research has outpaced our understanding of their capabilities and limitations under real-world conditions, and there is thus a critical need for understanding and optimizing the performance of such sensors in the field. Here we describe the deployment, calibration, and evaluation of electrochemical sensors on the island of Hawai`i, which is an ideal test bed for characterizing such sensors due to its large and variable sulfur dioxide (SO2) levels and lack of other co-pollutants. Nine custom-built SO2 sensors were co-located with two Hawaii Department of Health Air Quality stations over the course of 5 months, enabling comparison of sensor output with regulatory-grade instruments under a range of realistic environmental conditions. Calibration using a nonparametric algorithm (k nearest neighbors) was found to have excellent performance (RMSE < 7 ppb, MAE < 4 ppb, r2 > 0.997) across a wide dynamic range in SO2 (< 1 ppb, > 2 ppm). However, since nonparametric algorithms generally cannot extrapolate to conditions beyond those outside the training set, we introduce a new hybrid linear–nonparametric algorithm, enabling accurate measurements even when pollutant levels are higher than encountered during calibration. We find no significant change in instrument sensitivity toward SO2 after 18 weeks and demonstrate that calibration accuracy remains high when a sensor is calibrated at one location and then moved to another. The performance of electrochemical SO2 sensors is also strong at lower SO2 mixing ratios (< 25 ppb), for which they exhibit an error of less than 2.5 ppb. While some specific results of this study (calibration accuracy, performance of the various algorithms, etc.) may differ for measurements of other pollutant species in other areas (e.g., polluted urban regions), the calibration and validation approaches described here should be widely applicable to a range of pollutants, sensors, and environments.
Earth system modelling with complex dynamic human societies: the copan:CORE
World-Earth modeling framework
Authors: Donges Jonathan F. , Heitzig Jobst , Barfuss Wolfram , Kassel Johannes A. , Kittel Tim , Kolb Jakob J. , Kolster Till , Müller-Hansen Finn , Otto Ilona M. , Wiedermann Marc , Zimmerer Kilian B. , Lucht Wolfgang
Published: January 2018

Abstract. Possible future trajectories of the Earth system in the Anthropocene are determined by the increasing entanglement of processes operating in the physical, chemical and biological systems of the planet, as well as in human societies, their cultures and economies. Here, we introduce the copan:CORE open source software library that provides a framework for developing, composing and running World-Earth models, i.e., models of social-ecological co-evolution up to planetary scales. It is an object-oriented software package written in Python designed for different user roles. It allows model end users to run parallel simulations with already available and tested models. Furthermore, model composers are enabled to easily implement new models by plugging together a broad range of model components, such as opinion formation on social networks, generic carbon cycle dynamics, or simple vegetation growth. For the sake of a modular structure, each provided component specifies a meaningful yet minimal collection of closely related processes. These processes can be formulated in terms of various process types, such as ordinary differential equations, explicit or implicit functions, as well as steps or events of deterministic or stochastic fashion. In addition to the already included variety of different components in copan:CORE, model developers can extend the framework with additional components that are based on elementary entity types, i.e., grid cells, individuals and social systems, or the fundamental process taxa environment, social metabolism, and culture. To showcase possible usage we present an exemplary World-Earth model that combines a variety of model components and interactions thereof. As the framework allows a simple activation and deactivation of certain components and related processes, users can test for their specific effects on modeling results and evaluate model robustness in a controlled way. Hence, copan:CORE allows developing process-based models of global change and sustainable development in planetary social-ecological systems and thus fosters a better understanding of crucial mechanisms governing the co-evolutionary dynamics between societies and the natural environment. Due to its modular structure, the framework enhances the development and application of stylized models in Earth system science but also climatology, economics, ecology, or sociology, and allows combining them for interdisciplinary studies at the interface between different areas of expertise.
The GEWEX Water Vapor Assessment archive of water vapour
products from satellite observations and reanalyses
Authors: Schröder Marc , Lockhoff Maarit , Fell Frank , Forsythe John , Trent Tim , Bennartz Ralf , Borbas Eva , Bosilovich Michael G. , Castelli Elisa , Hersbach Hans , Kachi Misako , Kobayashi Shinya , Kursinski E. Robert , Loyola Diego , Mears Carl , Preusker Rene , Rossow William B. , Saha Suranjana
Published: January 2018

Abstract. The Global Energy and Water cycle Exchanges (GEWEX) Data and Assessments Panel (GDAP) initiated the GEWEX Water Vapor Assessment (G-VAP), which has the main objectives to quantify the current state of art in water vapour products being constructed for climate applications and to support the selection process of suitable water vapour products by GDAP for its production of globally consistent water and energy cycle products. During the construction of the G-VAP data archive, freely available and mature satellite and reanalysis data records with a minimum temporal coverage of 10 years were considered. The archive contains total column water vapour (TCWV) as well as specific humidity and temperature at four pressure levels (1000, 700, 500, 300 hPa) from 22 different data records. All data records were remapped to a regular longitude/latitude grid of 2° × 2°. The archive consists of four different folders: 22 TCWV data records covering the period 2003–2008, 11 TCWV data records covering the period 1988-2008, as well as seven specific humidity and seven temperature data records covering the period 1988–2009. The G-VAP data archive is referenced under the following digital object identifier (doi): doi:10.5676/EUM_SAF_CM/GVAP/V001. Within G-VAP, the characterisation of water vapour products is, among other ways, achieved through intercomparisons of the considered data records, as a whole and grouped into three classes of predominant retrieval condition: clear-sky, cloudy-sky and all-sky. Associated results are shown using the 22 TCWV data records. The standard deviations among the 22 TCWV data records have been analysed and exhibit distinct maxima over central Africa and the tropical warm pool (in absolute terms) as well as over the poles and mountain regions (in relative terms). The variability in TCWV within each class can be large and prohibits conclusions on systematic differences in TCWV between the classes.
Development of an inorganic and organic aerosol model (CHIMERE 2017β v1.0): seasonal and spatial evaluation over Europe
Authors: Couvidat Florian , Bessagnet Bertrand , Garcia-Vivanco Marta , Real Elsa , Menut Laurent , Colette Augustin
Published: January 2018

Abstract. A new aerosol module was developed and integrated in the air quality model CHIMERE. Developments include the use of the Model of Emissions and Gases and Aerosols from Nature (MEGAN) 2.1 for biogenic emissions, the implementation of the inorganic thermodynamic model ISORROPIA 2.1, revision of wet deposition processes and of the algorithms of condensation/evaporation and coagulation and the implementation of the secondary organic aerosol (SOA) mechanism H2O and the thermodynamic model SOAP. Concentrations of particles over Europe were simulated by the model for the year 2013. Model concentrations were compared to the European Monitoring and Evaluation Programme (EMEP) observations and other observations available in the EBAS database to evaluate the performance of the model. Performances were determined for several components of particles (sea salt, sulfate, ammonium, nitrate, organic aerosol) with a seasonal and regional analysis of results. The model gives satisfactory performance in general. For sea salt, the model succeeds in reproducing the seasonal evolution of concentrations for western and central Europe. For sulfate, except for an overestimation of sulfate in northern Europe, modeled concentrations are close to observations and the model succeeds in reproducing the seasonal evolution of concentrations. For organic aerosol, the model reproduces with satisfactory results concentrations for stations with strong modeled biogenic SOA concentrations. However, the model strongly overestimates ammonium nitrate concentrations during late autumn (possibly due to problems in the temporal evolution of emissions) and strongly underestimates summer organic aerosol concentrations over most of the stations (especially in the northern half of Europe). This underestimation could be due to a lack of anthropogenic SOA or biogenic emissions in northern Europe. A list of recommended tests and developments to improve the model is also given.
Hydro-Climatic Modelling of an Ungauged Basin in Kumasi, Ghana
Authors: Osei Marian Amoakowaah , Amekudzi Leonard Kofitse , Wemegah David Dotse , Preko Kwasi , Gyawu Emmanuella Serwaa , Obiri-Danso Kwasi
Published: January 2018

Abstract. The Owabi catchment which is about 69 km2 provides about 20 % of water needs of the Kumasi metropolis has been in recent times prone to high anthropogenic activities that threaten water resource management. The Soil-Water-Assessment-Tool (SWAT) was used to assess the extent of these activities on the hydrology on the catchment from 1986 to 2015. Specifically, the model simulated historic and projected stream-flow and water balance. Initial results revealed the forest and topography played major role in water loss at the catchment as evapotranspiration and surface runoff were the dominant modulating processes. Monthly calibration/validation of the model yielded satisfactory results with NSE (0.66/0.67), R2 (0.67/0.67), PBIAS (8.2 %/8.0 %) and RSR (0.59/0.58). Nine sensitive parameters of which the catchment slope (CN2) ranked principal were found to control runoff amounts into the river. The model uncertainty was also quite low as the 95PPU enveloped about 50 % of the observed streamflow within a width of 0.45–0.55. Furthermore, future streamflow predictions were modelled under RCP2.6, RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 climatic scenarios, and two landuse scenarios, landuse category 1 and 2 (LU1 and LU2). An increasing trend of the downscaled rainfall totals between 2021 to 2050 for all RCPs were observed. This will positively impact streamflow generation at the catchment under LU1. There is an expected deficit of streamflow amounts under LU2 relative to LU1, and a marginal reduction as compared to the baseline. In general, the model proved efficient in determining the hydrology parameters in the catchment and therefore has potential to be used for further modelling of water quality and pollution to aid effective water resource decisions at the catchment.
Impacts of future climate change on urban flood volumes in Hohhot in northern China: benefits of climate change mitigation and adaptations
Authors: Zhou Qianqian , Leng Guoyong , Huang Maoyi
Published: January 2018

Abstract. As China becomes increasingly urbanised, flooding has become a regular
occurrence in its major cities. Assessing the effects of future climate
change on urban flood volumes is crucial to informing better management of
such disasters given the severity of the devastating impacts of flooding
(e.g. the 2016 flooding events across China). Although recent studies have
investigated the impacts of future climate change on urban flooding, the
effects of both climate change mitigation and adaptation have rarely been
accounted for together in a consistent framework. In this study, we assess
the benefits of mitigating climate change by reducing greenhouse gas (GHG)
emissions and locally adapting to climate change by modifying drainage
systems to reduce urban flooding under various climate change scenarios
through a case study conducted in northern China. The urban drainage
model – Storm Water Management Model – was used to simulate urban flood
volumes using current and two adapted drainage systems (i.e. pipe
enlargement and low-impact development, LID), driven by bias-corrected
meteorological forcing from five general circulation models in the Coupled
Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 archive. Results indicate that urban
flood volume is projected to increase by 52 % over 2020–2040 compared to the
volume in 1971–2000 under the business-as-usual scenario (i.e.
Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP) 8.5). The magnitudes of urban
flood volumes are found to increase nonlinearly with changes in precipitation
intensity. On average, the projected flood volume under RCP 2.6 is 13 %
less than that under RCP 8.5, demonstrating the benefits of global-scale
climate change mitigation efforts in reducing local urban flood volumes.
Comparison of reduced flood volumes between climate change mitigation and
local adaptation (by improving drainage systems) scenarios suggests that
local adaptation is more effective than climate change mitigation in reducing
future flood volumes. This has broad implications for the research community
relative to drainage system design and modelling in a changing environment.
This study highlights the importance of accounting for local adaptation when
coping with future urban floods.
Scale effect challenges in urban hydrology highlighted with a distributed hydrological model
Authors: Ichiba Abdellah , Gires Auguste , Tchiguirinskaia Ioulia , Schertzer Daniel , Bompard Philippe , Ten Veldhuis Marie-Claire
Published: January 2018

Abstract. Hydrological models are extensively
used in urban water management, development and evaluation of future
scenarios and research activities. There is a growing interest in the
development of fully distributed and grid-based models. However, some complex
questions related to scale effects are not yet fully understood and still
remain open issues in urban hydrology. In this paper we propose a two-step
investigation framework to illustrate the extent of scale effects in urban
hydrology. First, fractal tools are used to highlight the scale dependence
observed within distributed data input into urban hydrological models. Then
an intensive multi-scale modelling work is carried out to understand scale
effects on hydrological model performance. Investigations are conducted
using a fully distributed and physically based model, Multi-Hydro, developed
at Ecole des Ponts ParisTech. The model is implemented at 17 spatial
resolutions ranging from 100 to 5 m. Results clearly exhibit scale effect
challenges in urban hydrology modelling. The applicability of fractal
concepts highlights the scale dependence observed within distributed data.
Patterns of geophysical data change when the size of the observation pixel
changes. The multi-scale modelling investigation confirms scale effects on
hydrological model performance. Results are analysed over three ranges of
scales identified in the fractal analysis and confirmed through modelling.
This work also discusses some remaining issues in urban hydrology modelling
related to the availability of high-quality data at high resolutions, and
model numerical instabilities as well as the computation time requirements.
The main findings of this paper enable a replacement of traditional methods of
“model calibration” by innovative methods of “model resolution
alteration” based on the spatial data variability and scaling of flows in
urban hydrology.
The evolution of mode-2 internal solitary waves modulated by background shear currents
Authors: Zhang Peiwen , Xu Zhenhua , Li Qun , Yin Baoshu , Hou Yijun , Liu Antony K.
Published: January 2018

Abstract. The evolution process of mode-2 internal solitary waves (ISWs) modulated by the background shear currents was investigated numerically. The forward-propagating long wave, amplitude-modulated wave packet were generated during the early stage of modulation, where the amplitude-modulated wave packet were suggested playing an important role in the energy transfer process, and then the oscillating tail was generated and followed the solitary wave. Five different cases were introduced to assess the sensitivity of the energy transfer process to the Δ, which defined as a dimensionless distance between the centers of pycnocline and shear current. The forward-propagating long waves were found robust to the Δ, but the oscillating tail and amplitude-modulated wave packet decreased in amplitude with increasing Δ. The highest energy loss rate was observed when Δ = 0. In the first 30 periods, ~ 36 % of the total energy lost at an average rate of 9 W m−1, it would deplete the energy of the solitary wave in ~ 4.5 h, corresponding to a propagation distance of ~ 5 km, which is consistent with the hypothesis of Shroyer et al. (2010), who speculated that the mode-2 ISWs are short-lived in the presence of shear currents.
Tie points for Gondwana reconstructions from a structural interpretation of the Mozambique Basin, East Africa and the Riiser-Larsen Sea, Antarctica
Authors: Klimke Jennifer , Franke Dieter , Mahanjane Estevão Stefane , Leitchenkov German
Published: January 2018

Abstract. Movements within early East Gondwana dispersal are poorly constrained, and there is debate about conjugate geologic structures and the timing and directions of the rifting and earliest seafloor spreading phases. We present a combined structural interpretation of multichannel reflection seismic profiles from offshore of northern Mozambique (East Africa) and the conjugate Riiser-Larsen Sea (Antarctica). We find similar structural styles at the margins of both basins. At certain positions at the foot of the continental slope close to the continent–ocean transition, the basement is intensely deformed and fractured, a structural style very untypical for rifted continental margins. Sediments overlying the fractured basement are deformed and reveal toplap and onlap geometries, indicating a post-breakup deformation phase. We propose this unique deformation zone as a tie point for Gondwana reconstructions. Accordingly, we interpret the western flank of Gunnerus Ridge, Antarctica as a transform margin similar to the Davie Ridge offshore of Madagascar, implying that they are conjugate features. As the continental slope deformation is post-rift, we propose a two-phase opening scenario. A first phase of rifting and early seafloor spreading, likely in NW–SE direction, was subsequently replaced by a N–S-directed transform deformation phase overprinting the continent–ocean transition. From previously identified magnetic chrons and the sediment stratigraphy, this change in the spreading directions from NW–SE to N–S is suggested to have occurred by the late Middle Jurassic. We suggest that the second phase of deformation corresponds to the strike-slip movement of Madagascar and Antarctica and discuss implications for Gondwana breakup.
Motivations of Vietnamese Students in Study Abroad: A Case of Vietnamese Graduate Students in the Philippines
Authors: Huong Tran Thanh , Cong Le Van
Published: January 2018

This paper investigates the motivational factors of Vietnamese graduate students choose to study abroad and why they select the Philippines as their academic destination. Descriptive data using mixed method from 56 Vietnamese graduate students (VNGSs) in six universities in Metro Manila were collected through questionnaires and semi-structured interview. The findings reveal that VNGSs respectively identify “professional development”, “English improvement and “better educational quality” as the most important motivational factors to study abroad. The factors of affordable tuition fees and living costs, English speaking environment, convenience for travelling and the closeness of the Philippines are considered as very significant factors influence VNGSs’ coming to study in this country. From the findings, the paper discusses their implications for Vietnam graduate education.
“Not so Fine”: Governor John Fine and the 1952 Republican Presidential Nominating Struggle in Pennsylvania
Authors: Birkner Michael J.
Published: January 2018

With the Korean War stalemated, inflation rising, and stories of corruption in the Truman White House on newspaper front pages, Republicans believed their nominee for president in 1952 was well positioned to capture the White House for the first time since 1928. But who would carry the Republican banner? In the dramatic contest between Ohio senator Robert A. Taft and General Dwight D. Eisenhower, Pennsylvania governor John Fine intended to play a significant, perhaps even a kingmaker, role. This article traces Fine's decision to withhold an endorsement of either candidate until the last possible moment at the Republican National Convention and its impact. As events played out, he waited too long, thereby alienating leaders from the two rival candidates' camps and negating his influence. Worse for Fine, his inability to gain recognition from the convention chair to put Eisenhower over the top as the party nominee played out in full view of television cameras. Fine returned to Harrisburg as a failed kingmaker. His political misadventure blighted his prospects for a position in the Eisenhower administration or further elective office and political influence in Pennsylvania.
EDITORIAL
Authors: Editoras As
Published: January 2018

Editorial do volume 66, número 1, da revista História: Questões e Debates.
ARCHAEOLOGICAL PRACTICE IN QUÉBEC CITY, A UNESCO WORLD HERITAGE CITY
Authors: Moss William
Published: January 2018

A arqueologia é conhecida como ferramenta de desenvolvimento econômico assim como meio de engajamento social. O nível municipal está sendo, cada vez mais, visto como o meio privilegiado para a proteção do patrimônio cultural arqueológico e a participação cidadã. Enquanto sitio do patrimônio mundial da UNESCO, a cidade de Quebec desenvolveu uma abordagem conectando governança e participação publica, assim como legislação e prática. O programa arqueológico da cidade de Quebec conta entre os mais antigos no Canadá e ilustra as evoluções na governança e na prática arqueológicas desde os últimos cinquenta anos. Os arqueólogos da cidade de Quebec trabalham atualmente em preparar um plano diretor arqueológico no contexto da atualização da legislação do patrimônio na província canadense de Quebec. Este plano será acompanhado por politicas e programas pensados para favorecer o interesse público bem como promover a participação da população nesse processo de gestão e valorização desse patrimônio.
CHANGING PERSPECTIVES ON RESPONSIBLE HERITAGE SITE MANAGEMENT: THE CASE OF LUXOR CITY, EGYPT
Authors: Hesham Eman Shokry , Baller Inken
Published: January 2018

Este texto tem como objetivo estimular uma conscientização crítica em relação ao desenvolvimento da gestão de sítios patrimoniais, especialmente no caso de sítios arqueológicos e das comunidades vizinhas no Egito. Até onde a gestão de sítios patrimoniais age de forma responsável em relação as comunidades locais? Para a identidade destas comunidades? E para os turistas? Este texto usa a ferramenta de avaliação do impacto do patrimônio desenvolvido por ICOMOS, para analisar os sistemas de gestão e a influencia do sítio do patrimônio mundial da UNESCO “Tebas antiga e sua necrópole” sobre a cidade moderna de Luxor, no Egito. Esta ferramenta propõe às autoridades locais como nacionais um conjunto de recomendações destinadas a desenvolver planos de ação para salvar a historia viva localizada ao redor do sitio. Os resultados da análise sugerem meios de melhorar esta ferramenta aumentando as estratégias de mitigação dos impactos ligados ao turismo assim como definindo de novo as variáveis dos sítios arqueológicos egípcios de modo a desenvolver modelos mais responsáveis com respeito à identidade das comunidades locais e a conscientização dos visitantes.
The Perceptions of Credit Officers towards External Auditors: A Case Study from Jordan
Authors: Mansur Hasan , Tangl Anita
Published: January 2018

This study aimed at detecting the existence of credit officer’s perceptions in Jordanian commercial banks towards external auditors. This research is an analytical research based on analysis of previous studies and conducting semi structured interviews. This paper focused on credit officers’ perceptions who work at commercial banks towards the external auditors. It was concluded that there are high perceptions from credit officers towards external auditors, regarding the following aspects, auditor's independence and neutrality towards the entity subject to auditing; auditor's responsibility to evaluate the entity's viability; and the effect of auditing fees and remuneration on auditing quality.
Chemotherapy and extreme exercise: A potentially dangerous combination
Authors: Gandhi Shivani Jatin , Roy Satyajeet
Published: January 2018

Acute exertional compartment syndrome of the thighs is extremely rare. It should be considered in patients who present with myalgia and swelling after vigorous exercise. We present a case of a 35-year-old female athlete with breast cancer who had received one cycle of chemotherapy. The patient presented with diffuse myalgias in her thighs after an exercise session. She was diagnosed with chemotherapy induced compartment syndrome of the bilateral thighs with resultant rhabdomyolysis and acute kidney injury. She required continuous venovenous hemodialysis. The patient suffered a cardiac arrest and could not be resuscitated. This case draws attention to the potential myotoxocity of certain chemotherapeutic agents. It also demonstrates acute compartment syndrome as a rare but devastating consequence of extreme physical training associated with certain chemotherapeutic agents. As many of our patients are adopting vigorous exercise routines, it is important for physicians to be aware of acute exertional compartment syndrome, as it necessitates a high degree of clinical suspicion.