bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
NO FURTHER — THE BATTLE FOR NARO-FOMINSK, 20-31 OCTOBER AND 1-3 DECEMBER 1941
Authors: RADEY Jack , SHARP Charles , BRUNOVA Elena G.
Published: February 2021

This article is a part of a much bigger project. Two of the authors (Jack Radey and Charles Sharp) are writing a book on the fighting west of Moscow from about 9 October to 31 October 1941. Our purpose is to examine why the German offensive against Moscow was stopped by the end of October.
There are no studies in English that convincingly explain this. Our approach is operational and tactical analysis, based on extensive use of Soviet and German archival documents, as well as memoirs, and secondary historical books and articles in all languages. We have found that nearly all the documents are contradictory or omit important information, sometimes deliberately, sometimes because accurate data was lacking.
Our method has been to compare them critically to determine what actually happened. This is challenging work, but we are confident that our analysis explains and clarifies the data from the raw documents. Our conclusions so far point to the outcome of these battles being the result of several factors, the most important being: incompetent German planning and logistics, an absence of clear and obtainable German objectives, and effective Soviet resistance.
This research was done to clarify our understanding of the fighting around Naro-Fominsk and because the Naro-Fominsk fighting reflects these factors in microcosm.
THE IMAGE OF A LION IN THE NINE VOLUMES OF FABLES BY I. A. KRYLOV
Authors: SHIPOV Sergey O. , KOMAROV Sergey A.
Published: February 2021

This article presents, for the first time, the meaning of the metaplot in the books of fables by I. A. Krylov. The metaplot of a lion is canonical for the fable genre and represents an invariant model of power in the fictional world. The purpose of this article is to identify and describe the metaplot as one of the significant factors of Krylov’s literary strategy, as he created the nine volumes of fables during a dynamic literary process and change in the dominant trends in the national verbal culture of the first half of the 19th century.
The idea of the fabulist regarding the lion’s metaplot is revealed in the horizontal sphere of the world, the prevalence of negative tendencies and the tragic, but natural ending of the character in the eighth and ninth books. The authors of this article consider the infernal space in the metaplot of a lion as a structural part of a moralistic message, dialogically addressed to the character; they fix the correlation between the plot punishment and the emergence of the space of hell in the nine-book.
Reconstruction of the character's individual hell, taking into account his passions, shows that Krylov’s use of infernal space is not accidental, which in the future will give researchers ample opportunities for analyzing the space of his entire meta-concept. This article focuses on the chronological points of actualization of the metaplot in the work of the fabulist, in particular, in 1818-1819, as well as his transferability of the texts within the framework of the nine books, which is obviously connected with his special vision of the intertextual integrity of the project.
Analiza materiału kostnego z wczesnośredniowiecznego cmentarzyska z Wilanowa
Authors: Tomczyk Jacek
Published: February 2021

Acient materials from Wilanow were excavated nearly 40 years ago. It was researched by professor Wiercinski but the results of this work did not appear (it was published only cranial researching). We decided to finish this project – make inventoring, measure, and compare our results. So, the aim of work is to examinate the structure of Wilanow’s population dated back to the early Middle Ages. The whole series is represented by 75 skulls and 48 sketetons. A lot of skulls are very fragmentary, and the analysis is based on the descriptions only of 49 skulls (21 male, 25 female and 3 children). The skulls form Wilanow are interesting because they are approaching the border of brachycephalic. This population is quite different from that one having lived in Poland and dated from this same age. This problem should be researched in the future.
Zu den ökologischen Metaphern bei Paulus
Authors: Najda Andrzej
Published: February 2021

Many times in his letters Paul underlines that he is an apostle of Christ Jesus chosen, called and sent to proclaim the Gospel of God (cfr. Rom 1,1; 1 Cor 1,1; 2 Cor 1,1). In his teaching he willingly used different metaphors, among which those taken from the held of ecology had an important role. Paul makes use of them when speaks of the reality, the nature and the tasks of the Christian community (e.g.: Rom 7,4ff.; 9,21; 1 Cor 3,9), when he wants to describe his missionary activity or to express his apostolic consciousness (e.g.: 1 Cor 3,6; 3,10; 2 Cor 10,8; 13,10).
Prawne aspekty uczestnictwa Polski w polityce energetycznej Unii Europejskiej
Authors: Rudnicki Maciej
Published: February 2021

After joining the European Union Poland became the participant of integrated power politics. Its basic task is to provide cheap and environment-friendly energy to customers. Three main purposes of power politics are: assurance of power safety, assurance of competitiveness on the market of manufacturers and distributors of energy, taking into account all the priorities of environmental protection, especially counteracting changes of climat.The structure of internal power market is carried out by harmonisation of national power markets. European Unions priority is creating a common power market which will be effective, safe and competitive.At the UE level two rules are accepted. The rule of controlled access - etitled receivers of electric energy have an access to net on the basis of tariffs accepted by the supervisors; these tariffs use not individually negotiated and they have aplication to all of entitled groups of electric energy receivers. The rule of negotiating the access - every user of the net negotiate with net operator the individual conditions of the access to the net in the area of delivery tariffs.
Epistemologiczne i metodologiczne aspekty sozologii
Authors: Krysiak Marian P.
Published: February 2021

It seems necessary that the police surroundings should get known about the natural environmental protection which sozology is. During the research that I carried out among the policemen I’ve done the questionnare about information and ecological consciousness of the police. I’ve examined 500 policemen. Just 2 % of the surveyed brought the environmental protection to their mind, 98% wrongly thought just about ecology. This situation forces wider defining teh sozology and presenting its episthemological and methodological aspects. What is more it demands wider participation in police teaching programmes.
Zarządzanie środowiskiem
Authors: Grott Edward
Published: February 2021

Streszczenie nie jest dostępne.
Grupy producentów rolnych w świetle ustawodawstwa polskiego
Authors: Safiejko Bogusława
Published: February 2021

Streszczenie nie jest dostępne.
Życie jest obrazem piękna
Authors: Ruszczyński Jacek
Published: February 2021

Streszczenie nie jest dostepne.
Człowiek jako misterium osoby. Wokół personalizmu Jana Pawła II
Authors: Bortkiewicz Paweł
Published: February 2021

W artykule autor przedstawia próbę zgłębienia istoty-człowieka, przechodząc za K. Wojtyłą, „od fenomenu do fundamentu”. Człowiek jest ukazany (przypomniany), jako ten, który jest nie tylko przedmiotem norm, które regulują jego działanie moralne, lecz także jako ktoś, kto jest zdolny w swoim działaniu moralnym wyrazić siebie jako osobę.
Idee kinematograficzne u progu trzeciej dekady XXI wieku
Authors: Łęcicki Grzegorz
Published: February 2021

Syntetyczna prezentacja zasadniczych cech współczesnej kinematografii, kontestująca klasyczną triadę wartości: prawdy, dobra i piękna. Przedstawienie głównych nurtów współczesnej kinematografii na przykładzie filmów zagranicznych i polskich. Omówienie takich zjawisk jak wulgaryzacja, erotyzacja, tolerancja. Próba przewidzenia głównych kierunków ideologicznych kina trzeciej dekady XXI wieku.
CD47 Functionalization of Nanoparticles as a Poly(ethylene glycol) Alternative: A Novel Approach to Improve Drug Delivery
Authors: Vandchali Noushin R. , Moadab Fatemeh , Taghizadeh Eskandar , Tajbakhsh Amir , Gheibihayat Seyed M.
Published: February 2021

Bio-degradable nanoparticles (NPs) have several utilizations as drug delivery vehicles
due to their acceptable bio-availability, lower toxicity, potency for encapsulation and controlled release.
Moreover, the interaction of the NPs with the macrophages of the reticuloendothelial system
(RES) may decrease NPs efficacy for medical purposes. The surface of NPs is conventionally neutralized
with the molecules such as poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG), as one of the most widely applied
stealth polymers, in order to restrict the NPs clearance through the RES system. In fact, these
molecules exhibit resistance to RES clearance and protein adsorption. It is unfortunate that modifying
the PEG has some shortcomings, like problems in the synthesis as well as correlation to the immune
reaction. The CD47 receptor has been well known as a ‘don’t-eat-me’ molecule on the self--
cells' surface. Therefore, the receptor will inhibit phagocytosis via binding to its ligand that is
known as the signal regulatory protein α (SIRP-α). Moreover, the CD47 receptor, as one of the
biomimetic substances, or its derivative peptides, have been used recently on the surface of nanoparticles
to inhibit phagocytosis and increase the NPs retention time in the blood circulation.

Therefore, this review study examined the CD47 receptor and its role in the immune system as
well as the use of the CD47 receptor in coating NPs to increase their retention time in the blood circulation.
Detection of Lung Cancer on Computed Tomography Using Artificial Intelligence Applications Developed by Deep Learning Methods and the Contribution of Deep Learning to the Classification of Lung Carcinoma
Authors: Aydın Nevin , Çelik Özer , Aslan Ahmet Faruk , Odabaş Alper , Dündar Emine , Şahin Meryem Cansu
Published: February 2021

Background:

Every year, lung cancer contributes to a high percentage deaths in the
world. Early detection of lung cancer is important for its effective treatment, and non-invasive
rapid methods are usually used for diagnosis.

Introduction:

In this study, we aimed to detect lung cancer using deep learning methods and determine
the contribution of deep learning to the classification of lung carcinoma using a convolutional
neural network (CNN).

Methods:

A total of 301 patients diagnosed with lung carcinoma pathologies in our hospital were
included in the study. In the thorax, Computed Tomography (CT) was performed for diagnostic purposes
prior to the treatment. After tagging the section images, tumor detection, small and non-small
cell lung carcinoma differentiation, adenocarcinoma-squamous cell lung carcinoma differentiation,
and adenocarcinoma-squamous cell-small cell lung carcinoma differentiation were sequentially
performed using deep CNN methods.

Result:

In total, 301 lung carcinoma images were used to detect tumors, and the model obtained
with the deep CNN system exhibited 0.93 sensitivity, 0.82 precision, and 0.87 F1 score in detecting
lung carcinoma. In the differentiation of small cell-non-small cell lung carcinoma, the sensitivity,
precision and F1 score of the CNN model at the test stage were 0.92, 0.65, and 0.76, respectively.
In the adenocarcinoma-squamous cancer differentiation, the sensitivity, precision, and F1 score
were 0.95, 0.80, and 0.86, respectively. The patients were finally grouped as small cell lung carcinoma,
adenocarcinoma, and squamous cell lung carcinoma, and the CNN model was used to determine
whether it could differentiate these groups. The sensitivity, specificity, and F1 score of this
model were 0.90, 0.44, and 0.59, respectively, in this differentiation.

Conclusion.:

In this study, we successfully detected tumors and differentiated between adenocarcinoma-
squamous cell carcinoma groups with the deep learning method using the CNN model. Due
to their non-invasive nature and the success of the deep learning methods, they should be integrated
into radiology to diagnose lung carcinoma.
The Ineluctable Role of ACE-2 Receptors in SARS COV-2 Infection and Drug Repurposing as a Plausible SARS COV-2 Therapy: A Concise Treatise
Authors: Joseph Sherin , Nair Bhagyalakshmi , Nath Lekshmi R.
Published: February 2021

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the
etiological agent for the COVID-19 infectious disease that spreads via the respiratory
route and has reached a drastic level of a global pandemic. Symptoms of COVID-19
may vary from mild (fever, dry cough, shortness of breath) to severe pneumonia-like
respiratory symptoms as exacerbation of disease occurs. Unlike SARS-CoV, the SARSCoV-
2 has a higher binding affinity to ACE-2 receptors, which signifies its higher
transmission rate from person to person. Even though ACE-2 is significant in the reninangiotensin-
aldosterone system (RAAS) regulation that exhibits protection to various
organs, it plays a significant role in COVID-19 disease pathogenesis. Viral interferences
with the ACE-2 peptidase activity are found in SARS-CoV-2 infected patients leading to
pro-inflammatory responses, hypertension and multi-organ damage. Angiotensinconverting
enzyme-2 is constrained to a variety of organ systems, but surface ACE-2
receptors on lung epithelia are largely affected, which lead to pathological alterations in
lung histology which may progress to respiratory failure. The viral tropism mainly occurs
by the attachment to the angiotensin-converting enzymes-2 receptors in the host cell;
thus drugs targeting ACE-2 expressions may arise as the future therapeutic strategy to
combat COVID-19 infections. The innovative approach of repurposing drugs has shown
temporary effectiveness to curb the rising pandemic. This article mainly focuses on the
prominence of ACE-2 receptors which are expressed during the COVID infections and
the repurposing strategy of available drug therapies.
In Vitro Metabolism of E2, G2: Novel Bile Acid-Coupling Camptothecin Analogues, in Rat Liver Microsomes
Authors: Zhang Xiangli , Shen Qin , Wang Yi , Zhou Leilei , Weng Qi , Li Qingyong
Published: February 2021

Background:

E2 (Camptothecin - 20 (S) - O- glycine - deoxycholic acid), and G2
(Camptothecin - 20 (S) - O - acetate - deoxycholic acid) are two novel bile acid-derived camptothecin
analogues, modified deoxycholic acid at 20-position of CPT(camptothecin) with greater
anticancer activity and lower systematic toxicity in vivo.

Objective:

We aimed to investigate the metabolism of E2 and G2 by Rat Liver Microsomes
(RLM).

Methods:

Phase I and Phase II metabolism of E2 and G2 in rat liver microsomes were performed,
respectively, and the mixed incubation of phase I and phase II metabolism of E2 and G2 was also
processed. Metabolites were identified by liquid chromatographic/mass spectrometry.

Results:

The results showed that phase I metabolism was the major biotransformation route for
both E2 and G2. The isoenzyme involved in their metabolism had some difference. The intrinsic
clearance of G2 was 174.7 mL/min. mg protein, more than three times that of E2 (51.3 mL/min .
mg protein), indicating a greater metabolism stability of E2. 10 metabolites of E2 and 14 metabolites
of G2 were detected, including phase I metabolites (mainly via hydroxylations and hydrolysis)
and their further glucuronidation products.

Conclusion:

These findings suggested that E2 and G2 have similar biotransformation pathways except
for some differences in the hydrolysis ability of the ester bond and amino bond from the parent
compounds, which may result in the diversity of their metabolism stability and responsible
CYPs(Cytochrome P450 proteins).
Prediction of Microbe-drug Associations Based on Chemical Structures and the KATZ Measure
Authors: Zhu Lingzhi , Duan Guihua , Yan Cheng , Wang Jianxin
Published: February 2021

Background:

Microbial communities have important influences on our health and disease.
Identifying potential human microbe-drug associations will be greatly advantageous to explore
complex mechanisms of microbes in drug discovery, combinations and repositioning. Until
now, the complex mechanism of microbe-drug associations remains unknown.

Objective:

Computational models play an important role in discovering hidden microbe-drug associations, because
biological experiments are time-consuming and expensive. Based on chemical structures of drugs and the KATZ
measure, a new computational model (HMDAKATZ) is proposed for identifying potential Human Microbe-Drug
Associations.

Methods:

In HMDAKATZ, the similarity between microbes is computed using the Gaussian Interaction
Profile (GIP) kernel based on known human microbe-drug associations. The similarity
between drugs is computed based on known human microbe-drug associations and chemical structures.
Then, a microbe-drug heterogeneous network is constructed by integrating the microbemicrobe
network, the drug-drug network, and a known microbe-drug association network. Finally,
we apply KATZ to identify potential associations between microbes and drugs.

Results:

The experimental results showed that HMDAKATZ achieved area under the curve
(AUC) values of 0.9010±0.0020, 0.9066±0.0015, and 0.9116 in 5-fold cross-validation (5-fold
CV), 10-fold cross-validation (10-fold CV), and leave one out cross-validation (LOOCV), respectively,
which outperformed four other computational models(SNMF,RLS,HGBI, and NBI).

Conclusion:

HMDAKATZ obtained the better prediction performance than four other methods in 5-fold CV, 10-fold CV,
and LOOCV. Furthermore, three case studies also illustrated that HMDAKATZ is an effective way to discover hidden
microbe-drug associations.
Genome-wide Characterization Deciphers Distinct Properties of Aquaporins in Six Phytophthora Species
Authors: Azad Abul Kalam , Ahmed Jahed , Al Hakim  , Hasan Md. Mahbub , Alum Md. Asraful , Hasan Mahmudul , Raihan Topu , Ishikawa Takahiro , Sawa Yoshihiro
Published: February 2021

Background:

Aquaporins, also known as major intrinsic proteins (MIPs), facilitate the
membrane diffusion of water and some other small solutes. The roles of MIPs in plant physiological
processes are established and now their roles in plant-pathogen interactions are getting more
attention.

Objective:

To investigate the evolution, diversity, and structural insights of Phytophthora MIPs
(PhyMIPs) and to compare them to those in other domains of life.

Methods:

Bioinformatics approaches were used to identify and characterize the PhyMIPs. The
phylogenetic analysis was done with MEGA7.0 using maximum likelihood method. The prediction
of transmembrane α-helices was done by using SOSUI and TMpred servers, and that of subcellular
localization was performed with WoLF PSORT and Cello prediction system. The structure
of PhyMIP genes was predicted by GeneMark.hmm ES-3.0 program. The 3D homology models
were generated using the Molecular Operating Environment software and the stereochemical
quality of the templates and models was assessed by PROCHECK. The PoreWalker server was
used to detect and characterize PhyMIP channels from their 3D structural models.

Results:

Herein, we identified 17, 24, 27, 19, 19, and 22 full-length MIPs, respectively, in the genomes
of six Phytophthora species, P. infestans, P. parasitica, P. sojae, P. ramorum, P. capsici,
and P. cinnamomi. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the PhyMIPs formed a completely distinct
clade from their counterparts in other taxa and were clustered into nine subgroups. Sequence and
structural properties indicated that the primary selectivity-related constrictions, including aromatic
arginine (ar/R) selectivity filter and Froger's positions in PhyMIPs were distinct from those in other
taxa. The substitutions in the conserved Asn-Pro-Ala motifs in loops B and E of many PhyMIPs
were also divergent from those in other taxonomic domains. The group-specific consensus sequences/
motifs deciphered in different loops and transmembrane α-helices of PhyMIPs were distinct
from those in plants, animals, and other microbes.

Conclusion:

This study represents PhyMIPs with distinct evolutionary and structural properties,
and the data collectively indicates that PhyMIPs might have novel functions.
COVID-19: Our Current Knowledge of Epidemiology, Pathology, Therapeutic Approaches, and Diagnostic Methods
Authors: Marofi Faroogh , Azizi Ramyar , Motavalli Roza , Vahedi Ghasem , Nasimi Maryam , Yousefi Mehdi , Motavalli Yalda , Tahmasebi Safa , Gharibi Tohid , Mohammed Rebar N. , Etemadi Jalal , Khiavi Farhad M.
Published: February 2021

Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) firstly emerged in Wuhan, China
at the end of 2019. After going through the experimental process, the virus was named the novel coronavirus
(2019-nCoV) by the World Health Organization (WHO) in February 2020 which has created a global pandemic.
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection is challenging the people who are especially suffering
from chronic health problems such as asthma, diabetes, and heart disease or immune system deteriorating disorders,
including cancers, Alzheimer's, etc. Other predisposing/risk factors consist of smoking and age (elderly
people are at higher risk). The 2019-nCoV attacks epithelial cells in all organs, particularly epithelial cells in
the lungs, resulting in viral pneumonia. The 2019-nCoV starts its invasion with the attachment and entry into
the respiratory tract epithelial cells via Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptors on the epithelial
cells. The critical problem with 2019-nCoV is its ability in human to human asymptomatic transmission which
causes the rapid and hidden spread of the virus among the population. Also, there are several reports of highly
variable and tightly case-dependent clinical manifestations caused by SARS-CoV2, which made the virus more
enigmatic. The clinical symptoms are varied from common manifestations which occurred in flu and cold, such
as cough, fever, body-ache, trembling, and runny nose to severe conditions, like the Acute Respiratory Distress
Syndrome (ARDS) or even uncommon/unusual symptoms such as anosmia, skin color change, and stroke. In
fact, besides serious injuries in the respiratory system, COVID-19 invades and damages various organs, including
the kidney, liver, gastrointestinal, and nervous system. Accordingly, to cut the transmission chain of disease
and control the infection spread. One of the major solutions seems to be early detection of the carriers, particularly
the asymptomatic people, with sensitive and accurate diagnostic techniques. Moreover, developing novel
and appropriate therapeutic approaches will contribute to the suitable management of the pandemic. Therefore,
there is an urgent necessity to make comprehensive investigations and study reviews about COVID-19, offering
the latest findings of novel therapies, drugs, epidemiology, and routes of virus transmission and pathogenesis.
In this review, we discuss new therapeutic outcomes and cover and the most significant aspects of COVID-19,
including the epidemiology, biological features, organs failure, and diagnostic techniques.
Theory, Concepts and Future of Self Organizing Networks (SON)
Authors: Ibrahim Qutaiba , Qassab Mustafa
Published: February 2021

:

The ever-developing technologies in wireless communication networks have the urge for integrating smartness
and automation into these networks. This survey paper presents the literature on the rising field of self-organization as a
new concept applied to wireless communication networks over the last two decades. We make an in-depth survey of the
current literature, standards as well as projects in self-organizing communication networks. Also, our objective is to show
a deep knowledge of this active field of research, by defining a simple taxonomy, algorithms, architectures, routing
protocols, and security aspects for the design and implementation of self-organizing techniques. Also, we discuss existing
solutions, compare their strength and weakness, point out assessment metrics and measurements, and mention the main
research scopes for subsequent evolution. This article may act as a starting point and guidance for anybody who seeks to
investigate the researches done on self-organization in the area of wireless communication networks.
THE EFFECT OF CHIA AND SESAME FLOUR SUBSTITUTION TO NUTRIENT CONTENT AND SENSORY QUALITY OF MINI CROISSANT
Authors:   Prof. DR. HAMKA University of  Muhammadiyah, Sofyaningsih Mira , Arumsari Imas ,   Prof. DR. HAMKA University of  Muhammadiyah
Published: February 2021

The use of flour made from sesame seed and chia seed could be applied into bakery products, such as croissant which made into “mini” form fits for one bite-size. Sesame flour contains considerable amount of calcium, fiber, and essential fatty acids compared to wheat flour. Chia flour also can be used as a substitution along with sesame flour as it is one source of linoleic acid. This study aims to develop a substituted mini croissant with added nutrient value and sensory acceptable. This is an experimental study with three levels of flour substitution (0%, 10%, and 20%), each experiment was performed duplicate with sesame flour and chia flour ratio was set at 1:2. The results showed that sesame and chia flour substitution significantly increased the fiber and calcium content of mini croissant, but not the carbohydrate content. Substitution significantly affected sensory profile, both for hedonic test and sensory quality.
Development of a Pediatric Integrative Oncology Program: Pearls, Barriers, and Future Directions
Authors: Ast Allison , Meyer Margaret , Heidelberg R. Elyse , Allen Jennifer M. , Ly Amy , Spraker-Perlman Holly ,   Department of Oncology, Division of Quality of Life and Palliative Care, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital Memphis, TN, 38105, USA
Published: February 2021

Children with cancer can experience intense suffering. Currently, despite our best efforts, symptoms associated with both cancer and its treatment result in physical, psychological, and emotional discomfort that can be difficult to manage with traditional Western medicine alone. Developing integrative services within a pediatric hematology-oncology program may help improve cancer-related symptoms by combining different modalities targeting overall health with traditional oncology care. This study details the initial development of a Pediatric Integrative Oncology (PIO) program at St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, which treats cancer and other catastrophic pediatric diseases. We highlight facilitators and barriers to integration of PIO. In addition, we advocate that PIO clinicians add to the growing literature base by sharing clinical and administrative experiences across institutions to support the long-term goal of developing specific guidelines that focus on using integrative modalities in children with cancer.
Modelo de dispersión de polen de maíz transgénico en el municipio de Tierralta (Córdoba, Colombia)
Authors: Mazo Castaño Carolina , Rodríguez Susa Manuel
Published: February 2021

Los cultivos transgénicos aparecen como respuesta a la preocupación por abastecer la gran demanda alimenticia derivada del crecimiento poblacional. Sin embargo, diferentes autores han argumentado que los transgénicos contaminan genéticamente los cultivos tradicionales y ocasionan la pérdida de la biodiversidad agrícola nativa. Aunque este trabajo no aborda la afectación de los cultivos tradicionales, explica la importancia de este tipo de estudios y su posible uso para investigaciones posteriores. Esta investigación tuvo como objetivo determinar mediante el programa Hysplit® la distancia promedio que alcanzaron los granos de polen de maíz transgénico durante el año 2016 en el municipio de Tierralta, Córdoba. En los resultados, la concentración fue de 10-9 mg/m3 y el promedio anual de la distancia alcanzada por lo granos de polen de maíz fue de 500 m. El promedio máximo se registró en el mes de mayo con un valor de 799 m y el promedio mínimo se obtuvo en marzo con un valor de 474 m. Para el análisis de los resultados, se consideró que a comienzos del año 2016, el fenómeno de El Niño en Colombia generó que los granos de polen de maíz viajaran menos que durante un año neutro o un año con el fenómeno de La Niña, debido a los vientos débiles que se presentaron en el Caribe colombiano. En caso de haberse presentado un año neutro o con La Niña, las partículas habrían viajado más porque la fuerza de los vientos estaría por encima de lo normal.
Predictive Modeling of 30-Day Emergency Hospital Transport of German Patients Using a Personal Emergency Response: Retrospective Study and Comparison with the United States
Authors: op den Buijs Jorn , Pijl Marten , Landgraf Andreas
Published: February 2021

Background

Predictive analytics based on data from remote monitoring of elderly via a personal emergency response system (PERS) in the United States can identify subscribers at high risk for emergency hospital transport. These risk predictions can subsequently be used to proactively target interventions and prevent avoidable, costly health care use. It is, however, unknown if PERS-based risk prediction with targeted interventions could also be applied in the German health care setting.

Objective

The objectives were to develop and validate a predictive model of 30-day emergency hospital transport based on data from a German PERS provider and compare the model with our previously published predictive model developed on data from a US PERS provider.

Methods

Retrospective data of 5805 subscribers to a German PERS service were used to develop and validate an extreme gradient boosting predictive model of 30-day hospital transport, including predictors derived from subscriber demographics, self-reported medical conditions, and a 2-year history of case data. Models were trained on 80% (4644/5805) of the data, and performance was evaluated on an independent test set of 20% (1161/5805). Results were compared with our previously published prediction model developed on a data set of PERS users in the United States.

Results

German PERS subscribers were on average aged 83.6 years, with 64.0% (743/1161) females, with 65.4% (759/1161) reported 3 or more chronic conditions. A total of 1.4% (350/24,847) of subscribers had one or more emergency transports in 30 days in the test set, which was significantly lower compared with the US data set (2455/109,966, 2.2%). Performance of the predictive model of emergency hospital transport, as evaluated by area under the receiver operator characteristic curve (AUC), was 0.749 (95% CI 0.721-0.777), which was similar to the US prediction model (AUC=0.778 [95% CI 0.769-0.788]). The top 1% (12/1161) of predicted high-risk patients were 10.7 times more likely to experience an emergency hospital transport in 30 days than the overall German PERS population. This lift was comparable to a model lift of 11.9 obtained by the US predictive model.

Conclusions

Despite differences in emergency care use, PERS-based collected subscriber data can be used to predict use outcomes in different international settings. These predictive analytic tools can be used by health care organizations to extend population health management into the home by identifying and delivering timelier targeted interventions to high-risk patients. This could lead to overall improved patient experience, higher quality of care, and more efficient resource use.
Application of high-throughput serological tests for controlling zoonotic viral infection in Amazon rainforest and as a strategy to prevent future pandemics (Preprint)
Authors: De Azevedo Marcela Santiago Pacheco , Ribeiro Daniela Gomes , Santos Felipe Rocha Da Silva , Soares Siomar De Castro , Azevedo Vasco Ariston De Carvalho , Bielavsky Monica , Naveca Felipe Gomes , Lindoso José Angelo Lauletta , Junior Alberto Fernandes De Oliveria , Alcântara Luíz Carlos Júnior , Da Costa Hernan Hermes Monteiro , Prudêncio Carlos Roberto
Published: February 2021

UNSTRUCTURED

From the bubonic plague on the 14th century to the new Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), pandemics have profoundly changed societies function. Infectious disease outbreaks are getting shorter and shorter due to our densely populated cities, global travel, and nature mass exploration. In this regard, there is a particular concern about fires occurring in Brazil's Amazon rainforest, one of the most biodiverse places on earth that facilitates cross-species transmission giving rise to the emergency of new virulent pathogens. Situation is further complicated because Amazon spans across eight developing countries with limited preventive health care services. In this perspective, this review highlights the role of new methodologies best suited for epidemiological monitoring in low-income countries, such as high-throughput serological tests. Phage immunoprecipitation sequencing (Phip-Seq), for example, can evaluate antibody-repertoire binding specificities using oligonucleotides libraries encoding epitopes covering the DNA sequences from all human pathogenic viruses or all Arboviruses already described. After incubation with an individual's serum, these libraries can be immunoprecipitated for subsequent analysis by DNA sequencing. Data are analyzed revealing peptides recognized by the antibodies present in the sample. Being a technique at a relatively low cost, its implementation in developing countries is feasible and can generate very interesting scientific information.
The Effect of Incentives and Leadership Styles on Creative Performance
Authors: Ilyana Sariyatul , Sholihin Mahfud
Published: February 2021

Introduction/Main Objectives: This study investigates whether the type of incentives offered and leadership styles interact to affect creative performance. Background Problems: Creativity is highly needed by companies to survive in a volatile business environment. Prior research found that management control systems and the leadership style were able to stimulate creativity. It is still unclear which type of incentives and leadership styles are able to stimulate creativity. Therefore, this research proposes a research question, what kind of management control systems and leadership style can improve creative performance? Novelty: This research focuses on comparing monetary and non-monetary incentives, based on competition, to produce the most creative ideas, but empirical studies into the context of creativity are still limited. Furthermore, this study investigates two different leadership styles and it sheds light on the fact that the leadership styles needed in a creative environment differ from those styles used in a non-creative environment. Research Methods: This study was conducted using a 2x2 between subject experimental design with two incentive treatments (tournament and recognition) and two leadership style treatments (directive and empowering). Finding/Results: Consistent with Lourenco (2016), monetary incentives (including tournaments) and non-monetary incentives (recognition) are substitutive. Furthermore, the empowering leadership style leads to a greater creative performance than the directive style does. The results indicate that, in the condition of a tournament incentive, empowering leadership is able to produce a higher creative performance than directive leadership can. Conclusion: There is no significantly difference between the effect of monetary incentives and non-monetary incentives on creative performance. This study’s result is consistent with the situational leadership theory, certain types of leadership are appropriate for certain environmental conditions. For improved creative performance, employees need to be empowered because they need the authority and freedom to develop ideas. This study provides knowledge about the impact of incentives and leadership styles on creative performance. Furthermore, this study provides practical knowledge for companies on how to improve creativity in the work environment by using certain incentives and leadership styles.
Thermo-Fluid Mechanics of gas-Solid Particle Flows over horizontal Flat Plate
Authors:   Department of Mathematics, Osmania University, Hyderabad,Telangana-500007-India, REDDY K. SREERAM , MAHESH Ch. ,   Department of Mathematics, Osmania University, Hyderabad,Telangana-500007-India
Published: February 2021

Mathematical model has been developed to protect fluid and solid particle homogeneous mixture velocity concentration and temperature for a heated horizontal flat plate. Conversation equation based on Eulerian scale are approximated for small relaxation times through stream function and similarity transformations. Parametric database generated through computer program for arbitrary constants on comparison with clear fluid reveals the particle concentration has pronounced effect on velocity and temperature profiles.
Гадание, опирающееся на ламу Цонкапу
Authors:   Kalmyk Scientific Center of the RAS (8, Ilishkin St., Elista 358000, Russian Federation), Mitruev Bembya L. , Dugdanov Zhargal D. ,   Zayaev Dashi Choynkhorlin Buddhist University, Ivolginsky Datsan (Verkhnyolginsky District 671050, Republic of Buryatia, Russian Federation)
Published: February 2021

Introduction. Rosary divinations used to be most widespread in Tibet, Mongolia, Buryatia, Kalmykia and other Buddhist regions. Various types of this divination include ones implying appeals to Yidam deities, Buddhist protector deities, and prominent spiritual teachers. The latter are rare enough, and such rosary divinations are of particular interest. Goals. The article introduces into scientific discourse a Tibetan text of the Lama Tsongkhapa rosary divination. This is an example of divination text based on a religious figure. Materials. The rosary divination text was received from Rev. Zhargaal D. Dugdanov, a Buddhist priest affiliated to Ivolginsky Datsan (Buryatia, Russia), and has never been published in Russian before. Results. The article analyzes traditional rosary divination techniques, translates, transliterates the text, and publishes its facsimile.
Советско-монгольская комплексная историко-культурная экспедиция. 1970 год — второй сезон. Дневник этнографического отряда (продолжение: 13 августа – 2 сентября 1970 г.)
Authors:   Mikloukho-Maclay Institute of Ethnology and Anthropology of the RAS (32a, Leninsky Ave., Moscow 119991, Russian Federation), Zhukovskaya Natalia L.
Published: February 2021

Goals. The article introduces into scientific discourse materials dealing with the history of ethnography research of Mongolic peoples. In 2019, the Mongolian Studies published 1969 (season one) diary notes of the ethnography research team affiliated to the Soviet- Mongolian comprehensive history and culture research expedition. This publication includes field diary notes of 1970 describing contacts with scholars from different countries in Ulaanbaatar, and research activities in aimags of Central Mongolia.
Рукописи К. Ларионова и К. Малишевского как одни из первых источников изучения буддийских наскальных изображений Тамгалытаса на реке Или
Authors:   Kalmyk Scientific Center of the RAS (8, Ilishkin St., Elista 358000, Russian Federation), Bayanova Alexandra Т. , Doleeva Aisa O.
Published: February 2021

Introduction. The paper deals with the unique Buddhist culture complex of Tamgaly Tas located in the Ili River Valley, in the vicinity of Kapchagay (present-day Talgar District of Almaty Region). The carvings of pictures and inscriptions have been investigated for over a century and a half since the locality was visited by the renown Kazakh scholar, ethnographer and traveler Sh. Walikhanov. Goals. The work introduces into scientific discourse manuscript reports by the military topographer K. Larionov and Orientalist K. Malishevsky. Results. The article analyzes the research historiography, publishes original manuscripts supplemented with all drawings made by the authors, and evaluates them as sources for further studies of the unique monument attesting to the dissemination of Buddhism across the region during the Dzungar rule.
Материалы о калмыках из фонда 10 «Казанская духовная академия» в Государственном архиве Республики Татарстан
Authors:   Kalmyk Scientific Center of the RAS (8, Ilishkin St., Elista 358000, Russian Federation), Bayanova Alexandra T. , Sibgatullina Rimma R. ,   State Archive of the Republic of Tatarstan (5A, 8 Marta St., Kazan 420029, Russian Federation)
Published: February 2021

Goals. The article seeks to examine understudied materials related to missionary activities of Kazan Theological Academy’s graduates. To facilitate this, the paper analyzes archival sources about Kalmyks contained in Collection 10 of Tatarstan State Archive and characterizes some documents. Materials. The study discovers quite a number of manuscript papers included in catalogues 1, 2, 5 and 7 of Collection 10. Moreover, catalogues 5 and 7 happen to contain some significant Clear Script (Old Kalmyk-language) documents that should be investigated additionally. Results. The work introduces into scientific discourse a set of documents dealing with Kalmyks, and shows that materials of Collection 10 (Tatarstan State Archive) may serve as precious and informative sources to shed light on actual forms and means of preserving written monuments, ethnic culture, and folklore tradition of the Kalmyk people, constituting a wide multi-disciplinary research field (philology, history, ethnology, etc.).
К вопросу присоединения Средней Азии к России (обзор некоторых башкирских письменных источников второй половины XIX в.)
Authors:   Institute of History, Language and Literature of the Ufa Federal Research Centre of the RAS (71, Oktyabrya Ave., Ufa 450054, Russian Federation), Nadergulov Minlegali Kh. , Igdavletov Ilshat S.
Published: February 2021

Introduction. The article studies southeastern policies of the Russian Empire in the second half of the 19th century, its campaigns and the annexation of Central Asia. Goals. The work analyzes reasons for the activation of foreign policy in the region during the mentioned period. The course and goals of the conquest of the Khanates of Kokand and Khiva, Emirate of Bukhara are considered. Materials. The paper investigates data contained in reports by the State Councilor М. Bekchurin, and one more document ― Arabic-script travel records (manuscript) by a private soldier Husniyar currently stored at the Manuscript Collection of the Institute of History, Language and Literature (Ufa Federal Research Centre of the RAS) and for the first time studied as a historical source. Results. Messages about the beauty of Eastern cities and Asian wealth had long attracted attention of Russian monarchs. Finally, Russia’s attempts to penetrate into Central Asia were crowned with success. In just two decades, the vast country further extended its borders far to the south and became a neighbor of another one ― the British Empire. Nowadays, the study of the history of establishing relations with Kazakhstan and Central Asia, when the southeastern borders of Russia almost returned to those of the early 18th century, is relevant and practically expedient. Reports by State Councilor M. Bekchurin reveal the economic objectives of the government: Russian industry and trade were looking for new markets for their products. So, M. Bekchurin gives his suggestions how to facilitate the growth of trade. The manuscript of Husniyar’s travel notes contains observations of an ordinary soldier, his attitude and experience as a Muslim in the campaign against his co-religionists. The source makes it possible to present the set and route of one military formation. Both the documents provide an opportunity to depict this region in the late 19th century. Currently, there are independent countries across this territory with different state borders, and the ethnic composition of many settlements has changed significantly.
Стоянка среднего палеолита в пещере Иманай-1 на Южном Урале: предварительные итоги археологических исследований
Authors:   Institute of History, Language and Literature of the Ufa Federal Research Centre of the RAS (71, Oktyabrya Ave., Ufa  450054, Russian Federation), Kotov Vyacheslav G. , Rumyantsev Mikhail M. , Gimranov Dmitry O. ,   Institute of Plant and Animal Ecology of the Ural Branch of the RAS (202, 8 Marta St., Yekaterinburg 620144, Russian Federation)
Published: February 2021

Introduction. Imanai-1 Cave is a new monument of the Middle Paleolithic in the Southern Urals. It was discovered by the authors in 2009 and is located in the west of the Ural mountain system, in the interfluve of the Belaya and Nugush Rivers, on the border of the mountain-forest and steppe zones. Goals. The paper aims to introduce preliminary results of archaeological investigations into scientific discourse. Results. The cave is of a tunnel type, its 70 m long passage ending with a far hall which contained bones of a small cave bear and a cave lion. The monument is multi-layered. The first cultural horizon contained 399 items of stone and bone. Tools make up to 60 % of all stone products, while cores and scales are absent, therefore, primary and secondary processing was carried out outside the far hall. The stone industry is characterized by the use of shards and amorphous flint chips. The working areas were made out with monofacial and bifacial retouching, incisal cleavage. The tools are of the following types: 3 Mousterian bifacial points, 4 convergent side-scrapers with bifacial processing, butt knives, some with bifacial processing ― 6 items, carvers on fragments and amorphous chips ― 229 items (59 %), points ― 19 items (5 %), tools with a thorn ― 13 items (3 %), incisors ― 21 items (5 %). At the base of the first cultural horizon, a skull of a small cave bear with an artificial hole made with a stone spearhead was found. The industry of the site has numerous analogies at the Ilskaya-1 site in the North Caucasus and in the materials of the upper layer of the Kiik-Koba grotto in the Crimea, as well as at other sites of the Middle Paleolithic of the Tayacian tradition. Three uncalibrated dates show the interval from 26 to 42 thousand years. This indicates the finale of the Mousterian era.
Структурно-вероятностная модель монгольской грамматики и измерение употребительности обобщенных грамматических единиц
Authors:   Institute of Oriental Studies of the RAS (12, Rozhdestvenka St., Moscow 107031, Russian Federation), Krylov Sergej A.
Published: February 2021

Syntactic molecule (SM) is the minimum functional and syntactically autonomous unit able to serve as an answer to the question. Goals. The paper formulates the principles of identification of the SM. Results. The main features of grammatical tagging in the General Corpus of the Mongolian Language GCML-3b (compared to earlier versions GCML) are delineated: introducing of the basic vocabulary, principles of monosemization, principles of categorial-semantic notation, main distinctive features of grammar notation (part-of-speech splitting of the indeclinable words and splitting of the nominative). The principles of ordering of morphological structures in a quantitative model of the Mongolian language, as well as the interpretation of suprasegmental markers in written text are discussed. In conclusion, a brief survey of the general structure of the quantitative model of the positional-morphological grammar of the Mongolian language is discussed.