bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Heterogeneous Growth of 3D Printed Polymer Network for Multi‐Material Integration
Authors: Mu Hongfeng , Wang Ziyin , Xu Xiaona , Yuan Hui , Zhang Kaihang , Zhang Yihao , Yang Xuxu , Wu Jingjun , Zhao Qian , Xie Tao , Fang Zizheng , Zheng Ning
Published: November 2024

3D printing has been highly pursued owing to its effortless fabrication of custom‐defined geometries, yet the integration of multi‐material with diverse properties in one printed object remains challenging. In this work, a digital light 3D‐printed polymer network that is capable of heterogeneous growth to seamlessly integrate multi‐material is designed. This is accomplished through orthogonal photochemistry design, where visible light is utilized to initiate radical polymerization of acrylates for 3D printing. Inspired by plants’ phototropism due to uneven auxin distribution, UV light is employed to induce spatiotemporal catalyst generation for promoting network heterogeneous growth. In this process, it is found that the UV‐generated catalyst effectively facilitates the hydrolysis of ketals to produce hydroxyls, which can further serve as “growing sites” to initiate the ring‐opening polymerization of polycaprolactone. This enables precise manipulation of both shape and mechanical properties in 3D‐printed objects. The distinctive heterogeneous growth mechanism of 3D printing enables the production of multi‐material components using a single resin.
Light‐Driven Dynamic Defect‐Passivation for Efficient Inorganic Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Wang Zhiteng , Chen Qiyong , Xie Huidong , Feng Xiaolong , Du Yachao , Zhou Tianxiang , Li Rui , Zhang Junqi , Zhang Lu , Xu Zhuo , Xi Lili , Tian Qingwen , Liu Shengzhong (Frank)
Published: November 2024

Due to its soft lattice characteristics, all‐inorganic cesium lead halide (CsPbI3‐xBrx) perovskite is vulnerable to external environmental stress such as moisture, polar solvent, illumination. resulting in structural defects (VI, Ii, etc.) and ion mobility. However, most of the prior arts focus on short‐term and static passivation, which has a negligible effect on defects formed during solar cell operation. Herein, a photoisomerizable molecule, 1,3,3‐trimethylindolino‐8′‐methoxybenzopyrylospiran (OMe‐SP), exhibiting light‐driven pre‐isomeric (SP) and post‐isomeric (PMC) configurations, is employed as an interfacial protective layer on top of CsPbI3‐xBrx. The present strategy not only effectively suppresses migration of halogen ions, but also enables sustainable passivation of defects, thereby significantly reducing interfacial charge recombination and retarding perovskite degradation. Consequently, the OMe‐SP‐modified perovskite solar cells (PSCs) exhibit superior stability, maintaining 91% of their initial efficiency after aging 1032 h under maximum power point (MPP) tracking and continuous one sun illumination. Meanwhile, the OMe‐SP‐modified cell also achieves an impressive power conversion efficiency of 22.20%, which stands as the highest among all‐inorganic perovskite solar cells. Overall, the implementation of this robust strategy provides sustainable defect passivation and continuous suppression of ion migration for achieving both high PCE and stable inorganic perovskite.
Energy Level Alignment Regulation and Carrier Management in Perovskite Solar Cells with Various Bandgaps Using Tailored Metal‐Organic Frameworks
Authors: Xiao Bo , Zhang Wenguang , Xiong Yuchen , Huang Yihuai , Huang Changkai , Qian Yongxin , Shen Guibin , Basit Abdul , Luo Yubo , Li Xin , Yang Junyou
Published: November 2024

The interface energy level alignment modulation and charge carrier transportation play an important role in the device performance of perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Herein, tailored hydrophobic metal‐organic frameworks (MOFs) are employed as interfacial layers between perovskite absorbers and hole transport layers (HTLs). The tailored MOFs feature abundant carboxylic acid groups capable of bonding with Pb2+ and organic cations, which can effectively passivate interface defects and suppress non‐radiative recombination. Meanwhile, the MOF interfacial layers optimized the energy level alignment between the perovskite and the HTL, further facilitating carrier transportation. Specifically, the CsFAMA‐based PSCs with a bandgap of 1.63 eV attained power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 23.06% upon modification with MOFs. Additionally, the MOFs‐treated FA‐based PSCs with a bandgap of 1.55 eV achieved a remarkable PCE of 24.81%, accompanied by an outstanding fill factor of 84.3% and a minimal open‐circuit voltage loss of merely 0.386 V. Furthermore, the integration of the MOF interfacial layer substantially improved the moisture stability of the PSCs. The unencapsulated CsFAMA PSCs modified with MOFs retained 91.2% of their initial efficiency after 2500 h of aging under ambient conditions with 40% relative humidity (RH). This work underpins the commercialization of PSCs with diverse bandgaps.
Static Magnetic Stimulation and Magnetic Microwires Synergistically Enhance and Guide Neurite Outgrowth
Authors: Neuman Katelyn , Zhang Xiaoyu , Lejeune Brian. T. , Pizzarella Dominic , Vázquez Manuel , Lewis Laura H. , Koppes Abigail N. , Koppes Ryan A.
Published: November 2024

Axonal growth is heavily influenced by topography and biophysical stimuli including magnetic and electrical fields. Despite extensive investigation, the degree of influence and the underlying genetic mechanisms remain poorly understood. Here, a novel approach to guide neurite growth is undertaken using an innovative ferromagnetic composite material – glass‐coated magnetic microwire – to furnish a synergistic combination of magnetic and topographical cues. Whole rat dorsal root ganglia (DRG) are cultured under five different conditions: control, static magnetic field, magnetic microwire, static magnetic field + glass fiber, and static magnetic field + magnetic microwire. DRG outgrowth responses under each condition, including total neurite outgrowth and directionality, are compared. The combination of both magnetic stimulation and topography significantly increases total neurite outgrowth compared to the controls. The combination of magnetic stimulation and magnetic microwire lead to a strong directional bias of growth along the microwire, double what is observed with the glass fiber. Next generation RNA sequencing of DRG exposed to static magnetic field + magnetic microwire reveals the downregulation of genes relating to the immune response, interleukin signaling, and signal transduction. These results set the stage for contemplating future biophysical stimulation for axonal guidance and improved understanding of material‐tissue interactions.
Progress in the Sputtering Preparation of Hf0.5Zr0.5O2 Ferroelectric Films and Memories
Authors: Chen Kun , Zheng Dan , Gao Jie , Wang Hao , Wang Baoyuan
Published: November 2024

Since the first report of ferroelectric HfO2 in 2011, researchers are making rapid progress in the understanding of both material properties and applications. Due to its compatibility with complementary metal oxide semiconductor, high coercivity voltage and the fact that ultrathin films remain ferroelectric, it is developed for applications in non‐volatile memories for data storage in different polarization states. As the most representative hafnium‐based ferroelectric materials, Hf0.5Zr0.5O2 has received a great deal of attention due to its various of outstanding properties. Magnetron sputtering is a promising method for the preparation of ferroelectric HfO2 films. This paper reviews recent developments in preparing Hf0.5Zr0.5O2 ferroelectric films and memories. Meanwhile, due to the many advantages of sputtering, such as higher throughputs, low cost and no carbon contamination, this review mainly focused on the preparation of Hf0.5Zr0.5O2 ferroelectric thin films by sputtering and explored its working mechanism and optimization strategy. In addition, the factors affecting the reliability of the memories, the mechanism of action, the solution ideas are introduced. These provide the basis for the design and optimization of Hf0.5Zr0.5O2 ferroelectric films and memories.
Titanium Oxysulfate‐Derived 1D Lepidocrocite Titanate Nanostructures
Authors: Maity Sukanya , Ibrahim Mohamed , Badr Hussein , Reji Treesa , Hassig Mary Q. , Zhang Tongjie , Li Christopher , Rosén Johanna , Barsoum Michel W.
Published: November 2024

Nanostructured titania, TiO2, holds significant importance in various scientific fields and technologies for their distinctive properties and multipurpose characteristics. In this article, the facile, economical, and scalable synthesis of 1D lepidocrocite, 1DL, titania nanostructures derived from a water‐soluble Ti precursor, titanium oxysulfate (with oxidation of Ti+4) at temperature <100 °C under atmospheric pressure is discussed. Titanium oxysulfate with tetramethyl ammonium hydroxide, TMAH, is simply reacted to yield individual lepidocrocite titania‐based chain‐forming nanofilaments, NFs, 6 × 6 Å2 in minimal cross‐section and aspect ratios of ≈20 1DLs. If only ethanol is used for washing, the 1DL self‐assemble into ≈10 µm, porous mesostructured particles, PMPs. If water is used, quasi‐2D sheets form instead. Characterization of the resulting powders showed them to be quite similar to those derived from TiB2, and other water‐insoluble Ti precursors. The 1DL bandgap energies are ≈4 eV, due to quantum confinement. They adsorbed rhodamine 6G. The latter also sensitized the 1DLs and allowed for dye degradation using only visible light. Used as electrodes in supercapacitors, the 1DLs can be cycled over 1.6 V and result in high power densities (300 W kg−1). Stronger birefringence started to appear in samples with concentrations >15 gL−1 indicating the formation of a liquid crystal phase. This new synthesis protocol enables the cheaper scalable production of 1DLs with significant implications across various fields.
Mitochondrial Dysfunction‐Evoked DHODH Acetylation is Involved in Renal Cell Ferroptosis during Cisplatin‐Induced Acute Kidney Injury
Authors: Liang Nan‐Nan , Guo Yue‐Yue , Zhang Xiao‐Yi , Ren Ya‐Hui , He Yi‐Zhang , Liu Zhi‐Bing , Xu De‐Xiang , Xu Shen
Published: November 2024

Several studies have observed renal cell ferroptosis during cisplatin‐induced acute kidney injury (AKI). However, the mechanism is not completely clear. In this study, oxidized arachidonic acid (AA) metabolites are increased in cisplatin‐treated HK‐2 cells. Targeted metabolomics showed that the end product of pyrimidine biosynthesis is decreased and the initiating substrate of pyrimidine biosynthesis is increased in cisplatin‐treated mouse kidneys. Mitochondrial DHODH, a key enzyme for pyrimidine synthesis, and its downstream product CoQH2, are downregulated. DHODH overexpression attenuated but DHODH silence exacerbated cisplatin‐induced CoQH2 depletion and lipid peroxidation. Mechanistically, renal DHODH acetylation is elevated in cisplatin‐exposed mice. Mitochondrial SIRT3 is reduced in cisplatin‐treated mouse kidneys and HK‐2 cells. Both in vitro SIRT3 overexpression and in vivo NMN supplementation attenuated cisplatin‐induced mitochondrial DHODH acetylation and renal cell ferroptosis. By contrast, Sirt3 knockout aggravated cisplatin‐induced mitochondrial DHODH acetylation and renal cell ferroptosis, which can not be attenuated by NMN. Additional experiments showed that cisplatin caused mitochondrial dysfunction and SIRT3 SUMOylation. Pretreatment with mitochondria‐target antioxidant MitoQ alleviated cisplatin‐caused mitochondrial dysfunction, SIRT3 SUMOylation, and DHODH acetylation. MitoQ pretreatment protected against cisplatin‐caused AKI and renal cell ferroptosis. Taken together, these results suggest that mitochondrial dysfunction‐evoked DHODH acetylation partially contributes to renal cell ferroptosis during cisplatin‐induced AKI.
Highly Sensitive Perovskite Photoplethysmography Sensor for Blood Glucose Sensing Using Machine Learning Techniques
Authors: Zheng Yongjian , Zhan Zhenye , Chen Qiulan , Chen Jianxin , Luo Jianwen , Cai Juntao , Zhou Yang , Chen Ke , Xie Weiguang
Published: November 2024

Accurate non‐invasive monitoring of blood glucose (BG) is a challenging issue in the therapy of diabetes. Here near‐infrared (NIR) photoplethysmography (PPG) sensor based on a vapor‐deposited mixed tin‐lead hybrid perovskite photodetector is developed. The device shows a high detectivity of 5.32 × 1012 Jones and a large linear dynamic range (LDR) of 204 dB under NIR light, guaranteeing accurate extraction of eleven features from the PPG signal. By a combination of machine learning, accurate prediction of blood glucose level with mean absolute relative difference (MARD) as small as 2.48% is realized. The self‐powered PPG sensor also works for real‐time outdoor healthcare monitors using sunlight as a light source. The potential for early diabetes diagnoses by the perovskite PPG sensor is demonstrated.
Arrangement Free Wireless Power Transfer via Strongly Coupled Electrical Resonances
Authors: Lee Bonyoung , Kim Jungho , Jo Hyunkyeong , Min Hyungki , Bien Franklin
Published: November 2024

Research on magnetically resonant wireless power transfer (MRWPT) is actively pursued for diverse applications. Dependent on magnetic fields for wireless power transfer (WPT), MRWPT encounters a challenge due to the absence of monopole magnetic properties, impacting power transfer efficiency (PTE) sensitivity to receiver arrangement. Despite extensive research, achieving the desired receiver freedom remains a persistent challenge—a core limitation rooted in magnetic field‐based WPT. To address this, electrically resonant wireless power transfer (ERWPT) is proposed, utilizing an open bifilar coil at a resonant frequency. Experimental results demonstrate nonradiative power transfer of up to 50 watts and 46% PTE over a distance of 2 meters, maintaining consistent PTE performance. This phenomenon arises from the electric charge's monopole capability, distinguishing it from the limitations associated with magnetic fields. The practical viability of this system is delved and suggest directions for further investigation. ERWPT overcomes MRWPT challenges, ensuring lateral plane consistent efficiency and offering a breakthrough for practical wireless power applications.
Buried Interface Engineering for Scalable Processing of High‐Performance Inverted Perovskite Solar Modules
Authors: Liu Wenguang , Chen Rui , Tan Zhengtian , Wang Jianan , Liu Sanwan , Shi Chenyang , Liu Xiaoxuan , Cai Yong , Ren Fumeng , Zhou Zheng , Zhou Qisen , Li Wenpei , Miao Tianyin , Zhu He , Imran Tahir , Liu Zonghao , Chen Wei
Published: November 2024

Achieving high efficiency over large areas remains a significant bottleneck in commercializing perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Recent advancements in passivation technology, especially using self‐assembled monolayers (SAMs) to address buried interface defects, have been instrumental in boosting the efficiency of PSCs. However, SAMs' compactness, uniformity, and wettability are crucial factors influencing the quality of perovskite films. This study presents a buried interface layer based on NiOx/mesoporous Al2O3 sponge as a carrier for SAM solution adsorption, combined with a dip coating process, successfully developing a large‐area preparation technology for SAM layers. The results indicate that the compact SAM layer deposited by this approach effectively passivates buried interface defects on a large scale, while the enhanced wettability of the Al2O3 layer aids in eliminating interfacial voids. The modified PSCs with an active area of 0.09 cm2 achieve a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 25.46%. The device attains a champion PCE of 22.66%, marking one of the highest efficiencies reported for p‐i‐n PSMs prepared via large‐area coating in mini‐modules (10–200 cm2) under air ambient conditions. Moreover, encapsulated devices retain 93.8% of their initial PCE after 1000 h of continuous operation under one‐sun equivalent intensity at 65 °C in an air environment.
Robust Sodium Storage Enabled by Heterogeneous Engineering and Electrolyte Modification
Authors: Tang Shaocong , Li Jiabao , Yuan Quan , Wang Tian , Xiang Weiwei , Yu Jae Su
Published: November 2024

The modulation of heterointerfaces in 2D materials is critically important for improving the electrochemical performance of sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs). In this context, the MoS2/Ti3C2Tx MXene heterostructure is taken as a typical example to reveal the fundamental principle of high sodium storage performance by regulating the terminal groups of Ti3C2Tx. It is demonstrated that MoS2/Ti3C2(OH)x (M/‐(OH)x) heterostructure with a high work function difference generates an enhanced built‐in electric field, which facilitates charge transfer. Moreover, ether‐based electrolytes, when compared to ester‐based electrolytes, provide lower solvation‐free energies and exhibit high compatibility with M/‐(OH)x, resulting in superior rate capability. Notably, COMSOL simulations of sodium ion (Na+) concentration and Na+ flux distributions reveal that the M/‐(OH)x electrode has low concentration polarization and rapid diffusion kinetics in ether‐based electrolytes. Consequently, the combination of M/‐(OH)x heterostructure with the ether‐based electrolyte provides 224.06 mAh g−1 after 1000 cycles at 5.0 A g−1. Furthermore, the Na3V2(PO4)3/C//M/‐(OH)x full cell demonstrates robust electrochemical performance, delivering 116.49 mAh g−1 after 140 cycles at 1.0 A g−1. These findings emphasize the impact of modulating terminal functional groups to optimize the electrochemical functionality of heterostructures and highlight the crucial role of electrode/electrolyte synergistic coupling in advancing the practical applications of SIBs.
RAFT Copolymerization of Pt(II) Pincer Complexes With Water‐Soluble Polymer as an Efficient Way to Obtain Micellar‐Type Nanoparticles With Aggregation‐Induced NIR Emission
Authors: Shilov Roman A. , Baigildin Vadim A. , Kisel Kristina S. , Galenko Ekaterina E. , Gubarev Alexander S. , Mikhailova Mariya E. , Vezo Olga S. , Tsvetkov Nikolai V. , Shtyrov Andrey A. , Ryazantsev Mikhail N. , Shakirova Julia R. , Tunik Sergey P.
Published: November 2024

The idea of preparation a water‐soluble Pt‐containing AIEgen was successfully realized by direct reversible addition‐fragmentation transfer copolymerization of a Pt(II) complex (LPtPV) containing a vinyl group and polyvinylpyrrolidone (p(VP)). The resulting block‐copolymer p(VP‐b‐LPtPV) containing 5–8 Pt(II) chromophores exhibits intriguing photophysical properties—strong solvent and concentration dependence of absorption and emission characteristics. Various physicochemical and analytical methods (NMR spectroscopy, XRD analysis, ESI‐MS, AUC, DLS, ICP‐OES, GPC, viscometry, TEM) were used to characterize the initial complex, its binuclear analogs, p(VP) and p(VP‐b‐LPtPV). The obtained data indicate that the photophysical properties of the latter are dictated by the type of aggregation process rather than solvatochromic effects. It is shown that at low concentration in organic solvents, the platinum chromophores aggregation is either absent (dimethylformamide) or occurs predominantly at intramolecular level (MeCN), whereas in aqueous media, p(VP‐b‐LPtPV) readily aggregates into micellar‐type nanoparticles with a hydrophilic p(VP) corona and a hydrophobic Pt‐containing core, in which strong intra‐ and intermolecular Pt···Pt and/or π···π interactions result in a significant red shift of absorption and emission down to 600 and 816 nm, respectively. Despite of emission shift into NIR area where emission is commonly quenched by nonradiative vibrational relaxation, an increase in the emission quantum yield occurs in complete agreement with the typical aggregation‐induced emission (AIE) emitters’ behavior. Quantum mechanics/molecular mechanics simulations of aggregation processes also confirm the trends in the relationship between aggregation mode and photophysical behavior, particularly, in the variations of energy gaps between the ground state of the AIEgens and their excited singlet and triplet states.
Data‐Driven Kinematic Modeling of Physical Origami Robots
Authors: Mete Mustafa , Schüßler Alexander , Martin des Taillades Yves , Trivelli Bruno , Paik Jamie
Published: November 2024

Origami‐inspired structures facilitate the design of compliant and compact robots. However, physical origami robots possess inherent material compliance and mechanical imperfections, presenting challenges in modeling and redundant actuation for accurate control of all degree of freedom (DoF). Herein, a data‐driven kinematic modeling approach tailored for physical origami robots to effectively address the inherent compliance is introduced. This approach is applied to a multiloop origami spherical joint, which features a minimalistic design comprising two parallel waterbomb structures. This design allows for the integration of four actuators, thereby enabling full control over the structure's three DoF and its inherent compliance. It is demonstrated that a small dataset is adequate for accurately learning the forward kinematics, which then informs an optimization‐based inverse kinematics. Additionally, through trajectory tracking experiments, it is verified that the modeling method is both rapid and accurate, making it suitable for real‐time applications. To showcase a practical application, the joint and its models are utilized as a force feedback origami joystick, designed for intuitive drone control. This joystick offers an enhanced control experience and conveys crucial information about collisions and external forces to drone operators. Overall, the data‐driven modeling approach introduces a new possibility of designing controllable compliant interfaces.
Macrocyclic Schiff Base Complexes of Zn(II), Cu(II), Co(II), and Ni(II) Targeting Topoisomerase IIβ: Synthesis, Docking, and Evaluation as Potential Anticancer Agents
Authors: Yadav Monika , Yadav Deepak , Singh Dharam Pal , Kapoor Jitander Kumar
Published: November 2024

This study explores the potential of newly synthesized macrocyclic Schiff base metal complexes containing Zn(II), Cu(II), Ni(II) and Co(II) ions as Topoisomerase IIβ inhibitors. The complexes were derived from the condensation of 2,3‐diamino‐5‐bromopyridine and 2,5‐thiophenedicarboxaldehyde. Their formation was confirmed through various spectroscopic techniques. To gain insights into their structure and potential biological activity, computational modeling was employed. The density functional theory (DFT) was utilized to optimize the molecular geometries of the complexes. Furthermore, in silico docking simulations with the AutoDock Vina and GOLD scoring function investigated their binding interactions with Topoisomerase IIβ, an enzyme critical for cancer cell proliferation. The combined computational analysis revealed promising binding affinities for all complexes, with complex 3b demonstrating the most favorable interaction with the target enzyme having binding energy −8.56 kcal/mol. To validate these in silico predictions, the cytotoxicity of the complexes was evaluated using the established MTT assay. The observed cytotoxicity results complemented the anticipated binding patterns, with Cu(II) complex 3b demonstrating the strongest inhibitory effect on cancer cells with IC50 value 0.04 μM. Additionally, the hemolytic effect of the complexes on human red blood cells (hRBCs) was assessed to determine their biocompatibility. This strong correlation between predicted interactions, observed cytotoxicity, and minimal hemolytic effect highlights the potential of these complexes, particularly 3b, as promising leads for developing novel anticancer drugs targeting Topoisomerase IIβ. Future research will focus on elucidating the detailed mechanism of action of these complexes and exploring their broader pharmacological profile.
Protein Purification Using Chitosan‐Modified Polyacrylonitrile Membranes
Authors: Andrade Gizele G. F. , Leal Andressa N. R. , Andrade Jéssica S. , Silva Joyce , Monte Rubenia S. , de Aguiar Maurício F. , da Silva Romário J. , de Melo Celso P.
Published: November 2024

Protein purification is essential for biomedical and industrial applications, but current methods often face challenges like low efficiency, high cost, and limited selectivity. To overcome these drawbacks, we developed electrospun polyacrylonitrile (PAN) membranes with chitosan (Cs) and evaluated their ability to capture bovine serum albumin (BSA) and immunoglobulin G (IgG) from aqueous solutions. Comparing PAN/Cs and pristine PAN membranes, we showed Cs significantly enhances BSA adsorption. The membranes were characterized using scanning electron microscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy, tensile testing, surface area analysis, energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy, and contact angle measurements. PAN/Cs membranes exhibited smooth, uniform fibers averaging 0.454 μm in diameter. The maximum BSA adsorption capacity () was 75.61 mg g−1 for PAN/Cs and 21.17 mg g−1 for PAN, while for IgG, was 28.83 mg g−1 for PAN/Cs and 19.77 mg g−1 for PAN. SDS‐PAGE electrophoresis confirmed that the eluted proteins maintained their quality and integrity. Elution efficiency of PAN/Cs membranes reached 89.13% for BSA and 62.16% for IgG. Additionally, PAN/Cs membranes selectively captured BSA and IgG when co‐dissolved in aqueous solutions. These results position PAN/Cs electrospun membranes as promising materials for efficient, cost‐effective, and selective protein purification, with potential applications in both biomedical and industrial fields.
Synthesis and Properties of High Melt Strength Poly(Butylene Succinate)
Authors: Jia Wanglong , Liu Yi , Han Na , Zheng Liuchun
Published: November 2024

Due to the good combined properties, poly(butylene succinate) (PBS) is a biodegradable polymer material with good application potential. Nevertheless, it has the drawback of low melt strength arising from its inherent linear macromolecular structure, which greatly restricts its processing, such as blowing. Multifunctional branching agents can be applied to boost polyester melt strength and improve blowing processability. In this work, the branched PBS was synthesized by introducing various branched agents, such as tartaric acid (TA), citric acid (CA), and pentaerythritol (PER), and their effect on the characteristics was systematically analyzed. Due to the incorporation of branched chains and micro‐crosslinking structures, mechanical characteristics and melt strength of polymers have been improved effectively. PBS‐PER0.1% exhibited tensile strength and elongation at break as high as 50.71 MPa and 347.92%, respectively. Additionally, crystallinity increases with the increase of PER content, which is opposite to the crystallinity of polymer synthesized from other branching agents. Thus, mechanical properties and rheological properties of PBS can be facilely controlled by regulating the chemical structure and content of branching agent.
Elevated parkinsonism symptoms in autism during middle and older adulthood are linked with psychosocial, physical health, and mental health outcomes
Authors: Wallace Gregory L. , Said Alex Job , McQuaid Goldie A.
Published: November 2024

Evidence is growing for a link between parkinsonism, or the motor symptoms associated with Parkinson's Disease and autism. However, research to date has yet to examine whether the presence of these motoric symptoms impacts critical adult outcomes in autism. Therefore, the current study utilized a screening measure to bifurcate a relatively large (n = 379) sample of middle and older age autistic adults (40–83 years) into parkinsonism screen positive (n = 119) versus parkinsonism screen negative (n = 260) groups in order to compare them on broad metrics of daily living skills and subjective quality of life as well as non‐motoric features linked to parkinsonism, namely memory problems, sleep quality, and depression symptoms. Overall, co‐occurring parkinsonism was linked with lower subjective quality of life, more memory problems, lower sleep quality, and greater depression symptoms in autistic adults. Taken together, these findings implicate an important co‐occurring motoric phenotype in middle and older adulthood for autistic people that could have significant real‐world impacts yet has been largely neglected in the extant literature to date.
Guidelines for robotic credentialling in reconstructive and functional urology. Consensus study
Authors: Harley Frances , Ruseckaite Rasa , Fong Eva , Yao Henry Han‐I , Hashim Hashim , O'Connell Helen E.
Published: November 2024

Objectives

This study aims to define criteria for robotic reconstructive and functional urology credentialing using expert consensus. A recent narrative review identified a lack of standardised minimal requirements for performing robotic‐assisted surgery procedures. The substantial variability or absence of a standardised curriculum and credentialing process within a highly specialised surgical field is often insufficient to guarantee surgeon proficiency and could potentially jeopardise patient safety.

Subjects and Methods

Thirty‐five international robotic surgery experts in urology and urogynaecology, selected based on surgical and research expertise, were invited to participate as expert panellists. Using a modified Delphi process the experts were asked to indicate their agreement with the proposed list of recommendations that was identified from the literature and review of relevant international credentialing policies in three electronic survey rounds.

Results

Fourteen experts participated in round 1 of online surveys, 9 in round 2 and 13 in round 3. From 50 statements presented to the Delphi panel in round 1, a total of 39 recommendations (32 from round 1, 4 from round 2 and 3 from round 3) with median importance (MI) ≥ 7 and disagreement index (DI) < 1 were proposed for inclusion into the final draft set and were reviewed by the project team. Panellists agreed reconstructive and functional urology required its own specific modular training curriculum as the foundation for robotic training and a surgeon must have appropriate training i.e., fellowship or evidence of speciality training in functional urology.

Conclusions

This was the first study to develop preliminary guidelines on credentialing for robotic surgery in reconstructive and functional urology. A Delphi approach was employed to establish comprehensive credentialing criteria for robotic‐assisted surgery. The consistent adoption of these criteria across institutions will foster the proficiency of robotic surgeons and has the potential to bring improvements in patient outcomes.
Integrating CSR with environmental consciousness and commitment: Pathways to employee stewardship in Vietnam's mechanical manufacturing sector
Authors: Pham Hung M. , Pham Anh D. , Tran Dung V. , Vuong Nham L. , Nguyen Ha D. N.
Published: November 2024

This research investigates the influence of perceived corporate social responsibility (CSR) on employee environmental stewardship actions (ESA) by drawing upon social exchange theory (SET) and social identity theory (SIT). The mediating role of environmental consciousness (ECS) and commitment (ECM) within this relationship is also examined. The empirical research builds on a sample survey involving 392 participants from various mechanical manufacturing firms in Hanoi, Vietnam. The proposed model was analyzed using a Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS‐SEM) approach. We find that (i) perceived CSR positively impacts employees' ESA, and (ii) both ECS and ECM mediate the relationship between perceived CSR and ESA. These results suggest that CSR fosters ESA through direct and indirect pathways (via ECS or ECM). This research offers valuable insights for businesses in the manufacturing industry, informing the development of effective CSR strategies that promote environmental sustainability among employees.
DNA Cleavage System by Nanomaterials
Authors: Li Jinci , Zhao Yingcan
Published: November 2024

DNA cleavage using specific agents is essential for gaining insights into the mechanisms of DNA breakage, repair, and signal transduction. These cleaving agents hold significant promise as therapeutic drugs in biomedical applications. Recently, the development of biomimetic nanozymes – an innovative class of inorganic nanomaterials that exhibit enzyme‐like catalytic activity – has paved the way for creating of novel DNA cleavage systems. Nanomaterials have been utilized as DNA cleavage agents due to their exceptional catalytic activity and stability. This review summarized the DNA cleavage activities and mechanisms with various nanomaterials. This review study will have great importance in designing the next‐generation “CRISPR” nanomaterials for more biomedical and environmental applications.
The Influence of Temperature on Charging Effects in Mask During Plasma Etching
Authors: Zhang Peng
Published: November 2024

This research examines the correlation between temperature effects and surface charging problems on a silicon dioxide mask using simulation techniques. The findings of this study validate the significance of considering electron–solid interactions, especially when influenced by varying temperatures. The impacts of temperature changes on the spatial distributions of net charge deposition, electric potential, and electric field are examined. It was noted that the temperature rise leads to an increase in the concentration of positively charged holes near the surface of the mask, thereby diminishing the spatial dispersion of positive potential. This results in a less conspicuous alteration of the mask profile as the temperature increases. This investigation is anticipated to possess substantial significance and offer valuable insights for optimizing mask design.
Gaussian Mixture—Expectation Maximization–Based Learned AMP Network With CNN Deep Residual Network for Millimeter Wave Communication
Authors: K Shoukath Ali , Philip Sajan P , T Perarasi
Published: November 2024

In millimeter wave (mmWave) multiple input and multiple output (MIMO) hybrid systems, estimating beamspace channels is complex due to the use of fewer RF chains compared with the number of transceiver antennas. Additionally, beamspace channels exhibit sparsity, making channel estimation a sparse signal recovery problem. This problem can be addressed using iterative algorithms such as orthogonal matching pursuit (OMP), approximate message passing (AMP), and learned AMP (LAMP) enabled by deep neural networks (DNNs). Two methods—GM‐LAMP and GM‐EM‐LAMP—have been proposed in the literature to improve channel estimation accuracy further. The GM‐LAMP algorithm employs a Gaussian mixture (GM)–based shrinkage function within the LAMP network to enhance estimation accuracy. The GM‐EM‐LAMP algorithm incorporates the expectation maximization (EM) algorithm to recover channel information from the beamspace channel vector. However, both methods result in noisy computed channel matrices. This article addresses this challenge by proposing a GM‐EM‐LAMP network integrated with a convolutional neural network deep residual network (CDRN). The proposed method enhances the contraction function and the DNN, modeling channel estimation as a denoising problem using an element‐wise subtraction structure. The spatial properties of the channel matrix are estimated using GM‐EM‐LAMP, and the outputs of GM‐EM‐LAMP are fed into the CDRN network. Compared with existing algorithms such as LS‐CDRN, OMP‐CDRN, AMP‐CDRN, LAMP‐CDRN, and GM‐LAMP‐CDRN, the proposed approach provides superior results in terms of normalized mean squared error (NMSE) and enhanced spectral gains.
Roaming the Seas—Assessing Marine Invertebrate Biodiversity Along Salinity Gradients With Zooplankton and eDNA Metabarcoding
Authors: Ohnesorge Alica , John Uwe , Kuczynski Lucie , Neuhaus Stefan , Beng Kingsly Chuo , Krock Bernd , Laakmann Silke
Published: November 2024

Marine metazoan biodiversity is accretively being explored through environmental DNA (eDNA) metabarcoding of seawater. However, knowledge gaps in the use of eDNA to study changes in diversity resulting from changing abiotic conditions still do exist. In order to address these gaps, we analyzed patterns of marine invertebrate biodiversity based on eDNA from water and sediment samples along a decreasing salinity gradient from the North Sea toward the Baltic Sea. eDNA was collected from surface (SW) and bottom (BW) water, and from the uppermost sediment layer (SE). To supplement the eDNA approach, we conducted parallel zooplankton (ZP) metabarcoding and morphological identification. DNA was extracted from eDNA and ZP samples, amplified using two universal primers that target of the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (COI) and the nuclear ribosomal 18S rRNA genes, and paired‐end sequenced on Illumina Miseq. Metabarcoding detected 279 metazoan species (from 16 phyla) of which > 87% are known from the study area or adjacent regions. Communities identified in SW eDNA were a subset of communities identified in ZP metabarcoding. BW eDNA had additional benthic (mainly bivalve) species. Communities identified in SE eDNA were distinct from those in water eDNA and ZP metabarcoding, and mainly represented by in‐ and meiofauna. Out of all approaches, only ZP metabarcoding uncovered the expected decrease in species richness toward brackish conditions. Neither salinity nor spatial distance had a significant effect on species composition. All approaches revealed regional differences of which SE eDNA was least informative. The detection of holoplanktonic species from SE eDNA provided evidence for sinking of eDNA particles, dead organisms or the presence of resting eggs. Our study confirms the value of metabarcoding to identify the North Sea and Baltic Sea invertebrates and underscores the importance of combining multiple approaches to understand invertebrate biodiversity and its change in the marine realm.
When is a student considered “in attendance”?
Authors: Lyerly Eric
Published: November 2024

The Student Privacy Policy Office recently updated a resource addressing when a student is considered “in attendance” at a postsecondary institution under the Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act. FERPA generally prohibits the disclosure of an eligible student's personally identifiable information in an education record to a third party without consent.
Nucleus accumbens shell electrical lesion attenuates seizures and gliosis in chronic temporal lobe epilepsy rats
Authors: Xue Shuaishuai , Yi Peiyao , Mao Yangqi , Zhan Zhengming , Cai Yonghua , Song Zibin , Wang Kewan , Yang Kaijun , Song Ye , Wang Xingqin , Long Hao
Published: November 2024

Objective

Temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) is the most prevalent form of epilepsy. Prior research has indicated the involvement of the nucleus accumbens shell (NAcSh) in the process of epileptogenesis, thereby implying its potential as a therapeutic target for TLE. In the present study, we investigated the antiepileptic effect of the NAcSh electrical lesion.

Methods

Chronic TLE was induced by stereotactic injection of kainic acid (KA) into the hippocampus 3 weeks after KA administration, and NAcSh electrical lesions were performed. Seizures in rats were monitored by video electroencephalogram (EEG) 1 week following the NAcSh electrical lesion. Besides, the spatial memory function assessment in rats was conducted using the Morris water maze (MWM) test in the final week of the experiment. Later, hippocampal glial cell activation and neuron loss in rats were evaluated through immunohistochemistry.

Results

TLE rats subjected to NAcSh electrical lesion exhibited a significant reduction in the frequency of seizures compared to untreated TLE rats. Furthermore, NAcSh electrical lesion led to less activation of hippocampal glial cells and fewer neuronal loss in TLE rats. It is worth noting that the NAcSh electrical lesion did not cause additional memory impairment.

Significance

In the present study, the NAcSh electrical lesion exhibited a definitive therapeutic effect on the chronic TLE rat model, potentially due to decreased hippocampal TLE‐induced activation of glial cells and neuron loss. In conclusion, our results indicated that the NAcSh is a promising therapeutic target for TLE and possesses high potential for clinical application.
A Quantification Approach of Changes in Firms' Financial Situation Using Neural Networks for Predicting Bankruptcy
Authors: du Jardin Philippe
Published: November 2024

For a very long time, bankruptcy models were considered ahistorical, as they were mostly based on ratios measured over a single year. However, time is an essential variable that explains a firm's ability to survive. It is precisely for these reasons that measures intended to represent firm history have been studied and progressively used to complement traditional explanatory variables using financial ratios or variation indicators of such ratios. Even if these measures are not totally useless, they failed to be widely used in the literature. This is the reason why we propose a method, called temporal financial pattern–based method (TPM) that makes it possible to efficiently represent a firm's history using a quantification process and use the result of this process to improve model accuracy. This method relies on an estimation of typical temporal financial patterns that govern changes in a firm's financial situation over time, using neural networks. The results demonstrate that TPM leads to better prediction accuracy than that achieved with traditional models.
Characteristics and Material Sources of Global Brine‐Type Lithium Deposits
Authors: Bing Pan , Ting Ding , Zhijun Zhu , Shaohua Wei
Published: November 2024

Lithium brine deposits are mainly distributed in the three major plateaus of the world: the Qinghai‐Tibet Plateau in China, the Andean Plateau in South America and the Western Plateau in North America, forming the three major lithium ore‐forming regions in the world. The lithium‐rich salt lakes on the Qinghai‐Tibet Plateau in China include Zabuye Salt Lake, Nam Co Salt Lake and Da Qaidam Salt Lake. The lithium‐rich salt lakes on the Andean Plateau in South America mainly include Uyuni Salt Lake and Atacama Salt Lake, while the lithium‐rich salt lakes on the Western Plateau in North America mainly include the Salton Sea and Clayton Valley. Based on a large amount of data collection, this article analyses the characteristics of the lithium‐rich salt lakes on the three plateaus, and concludes that the tectonic background of the lithium‐rich salt lakes is mostly associated with subduction‐collision orogenic belts, surrounded by abundant igneous rocks. The main source of lithium is deep‐seated hydrothermal fluids leaching lithium from rocks and bringing it to the surface in the form of hot springs, replenishing the salt lakes.
FIGO good practice recommendations to standardize the assessment of outcomes following vesicovaginal fistula surgery
Authors: Browning Andrew , Trautvetter Lilli , Slinger Gillian , Akhter Sayeba , Ayenachew Fekade , Chapa James , Demrew Yeshineh , Mabeya Hillary , Majinge Peter , Pathirana Vindhya , Raassen Thomas
Published: November 2024

Obstetric fistula is a debilitating childbirth injury causing immense suffering for women and girls with the condition. The majority of fistulas can be successfully treated with a surgical repair, performed by a competent surgeon who has undergone specialist training and who works with a holistic fistula care team. As well as surgical repair, a critical component of fistula treatment is meticulous postoperative assessment to accurately determine surgical outcomes so that further treatment and support can be provided as required, and the risk substantially reduced of any patient being discharged with associated ongoing problems, such as urinary retention or residual/ongoing incontinence. Based on the opinions of experts in the field, these good practice recommendations provide a practical and standardized protocol for the correct assessment of surgical outcomes following vesicovaginal fistula surgery and appropriate subsequent management.
Extreme weather events, food shopping behavior, and card spending
Authors: Wahdat Ahmad Zia , Lusk Jayson L.
Published: November 2024

We examine the impact of Hurricane Ian on food retail sales and consumer spending behavior in Florida. We show how shopping patterns evolved before and during the hurricane across 10 food and beverage categories, with significant stockpiling for commercially prepared foods, beverages, and meats/eggs/nuts categories. Using debit card data, we show that card spending peaked at general retail stores 5 days before the hurricane and then shifted to convenience and grocery stores. Our findings highlight the need for better stockpiling guidelines and supply chain solutions during extreme weather events, which are expected to increase due to climate change.
Correspondence between preference for and efficacy of behavioral interventions: A systematic review
Authors: Goldman Kissel J. , Martinez Catherine , Hack Garret O. , Hernandez Rachael , Laureano Brianna , Argueta Tracy , Sams Reilly , DeLeon Iser G.
Published: November 2024

Understanding of the correspondence between intervention preference and efficacy is limited. We systematically reviewed 112 articles (457 cases) evaluating efficacy of and preference for behavioral interventions. We analyzed the percentage of cases for whom interventions were preferred and efficacious across broad (e.g., behavior reduction, performance, skill acquisition) and specific (e.g., noncontingent reinforcement, video modeling) intervention types. Authors reported one preferred intervention for most cases. Regarding efficacy, authors reported about half of cases as having one efficacious intervention and the other half having multiple equally efficacious interventions. The same intervention was preferred and efficacious for 74% of cases for whom authors reported one preferred and one efficacious intervention. Several specific interventions were generally preferred and efficacious across cases (e.g., digital stimuli, computer‐based instruction, accumulated reinforcement, contingent reinforcement). We discuss clinical recommendations, the importance of assessing preference, and the need for research in developing protocols for assessing intervention preference.