bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Gate Oxide Reliability of SiC MOSFETs and Capacitors Fabricated on 150mm Wafers
Authors: Lichtenwalner Daniel J. , Sabri Shadi , van Brunt Edward , Hull Brett , Ganguly Satyaki , Gajewski Donald A. , Allen Scott , Palmour John W.
Published: July 2019

Gate oxide reliability on silicon carbide MOSFETs and large-area SiC N-type capacitors was studied for devices fabricated on 150mm SiC substrates. Oxide lifetime was measured under accelerated stress conditions using constant-voltage time-dependent dielectric breakdown (TDDB) testing, or ramped-voltage breakdown (RBD) testing. TDDB results from 1200V Gen3 MOSFETs reveal a field acceleration parameter of about 35 nm/V, similar to values reported for SiO2 on silicon. Temperature-dependent RBD tests of large capacitors from 25°C to 200°C reveal an apparent activation energy of 0.24eV, indicating that oxide lifetime increases as the temperature is decreased, as expected. Using this acceleration parameter and activation energy in the linear field model, the gate oxide lifetime from MOSFET TDDB testing extrapolates to greater than 108 hours at a gate voltage of 15 VGS at 175°C.
Dynamic Characterization and Robustness Test of High Voltage SiC MOSFETs
Authors: Soler Victor , Cabello Maria , Banu Viorel , Montserrat Josep , Rebollo Jose , Godignon Philippe , Bianda Enea , Knoll Lars , Kranz Lukas , Mihaila Andrei
Published: July 2019

This work addresses the electrical behaviour of high-voltage (HV) SiC MOSFETs, being the main motivation to check their robustness. Large area (25 mm2) devices rated for 3.3 kV applications were fabricated with a special process for the gate oxide formation. The unit cell was designed to achieve good short-circuit performance. Static and dynamic characterization is presented at room and high temperature. Output curves and 3rd quadrant behaviour were analysed. Dynamic tests were performed at high bus voltages and high current. To check device robustness, short-circuit and power cycling’s were considered. Robustness test results put in evidence the achievement of reasonable good results obtained due to a suitable cell design.
Avalanche Robustness of 4600 V SiC DMOSFETs
Authors: Sundaresan Siddarth G. , Mulpuri Vamsi , Jeliazkov Stoyan , Singh Ranbir
Published: July 2019

A comprehensive investigation of the operating limits and failure modes for 4600 V/7.78 mm2 SiC DMOSFETs under unclamped inductive switching (UIS) conditions is presented. Maximum single-pulse avalanche energies (EAS) as high as 1.07 J (13.75 J/cm2) and avalanche withstand times (tAV) as high as 71 μs are recorded. The variation of EAS and tAV with load inductance (or avalanche current) is quantified. Stability of the key DMOSFET performance characteristics including RDS,on, VTH, body-diode, gate/drain leakage currents and terminal capacitances under both single-pulse and repetitive (up to 1000 shots) avalanche conditions are examined. Different failure locations confined within the active area of the DMOSFETs are identified after avalanche failure for either low or high EAS failed devices and a tentative model to explain the failure physics is presented.
Reliability and Ruggedness of Planar Silicon Carbide MOSFETs
Authors: Matocha Kevin , Ji In Hwan , Chowdhury Sauvik
Published: July 2019

The reliability and ruggedness of Monolith/Littelfuse planar SiC MOSFETs have been evaluated using constant voltage time-dependent dielectric breakdown for gate oxide wearout predictions, showing estimated > 100 year life at VGS=+25V and T=175C. Using extended time high-temperature gate bias, we have shown < 250 mV threshold voltage shifts for > 5000 hours under VGS=+25V and negligible threshold voltage shifts for > 2500 hours under VGS=-10V, both at T=175C. Under unclamped inductive switching, these 1200V, 80 mOhm SiC MOSFETs survive 1000 mJ of avalanche energy, meeting state-of-art ruggedness for 1200V SiC MOSFETs.
Superior Short Circuit Performance of 1.2kV SiC JBSFETs Compared to 1.2kV SiC MOSFETs
Authors: Kanale Ajit , Han Ki Jeong , Baliga B. Jayant , Bhattacharya Subhashish
Published: July 2019

The high-temperature switching performance of a 1.2kV SiC JBSFET is compared with a 1.2kV SiC MOSFET using a clamped inductive load switching circuit representing typical H-bridge inverters. The switching losses of the SiC MOSFET are also evaluated with a SiC JBS Diode connected antiparallel to it. Measurements are made with different high-side and low-side device options across a range of case temperatures. The JBSFET is observed to display a reduction in peak turn-on current – up to 18.9% at 150°C and a significantly lesser turn-on switching loss – up to 46.6% at 150°C, compared to the SiC MOSFET.
Development of a High-Speed Switching Silicon Carbide Power Module
Authors: Sato Shinji , Kato Fumiki , Tanisawa Hidekazu , Koui Kenichi , Watanabe Kinuyo , Murakami Yoshinori , Kobayashi Yusuke , Sato Hiroshi , Yamaguchi Hiroshi , Harada Shinsuke
Published: July 2019

We developed a silicon carbide (SiC) power module that can switch large currents at high speed. The withstand voltage of this power module is 1200 V, and two SiC MOSFETs are built-in and constitute a circuit for one inverter phase. This power module incorporates a snubber circuit for reducing the surge voltage generated by the SiC MOSFET for high-speed switching. In this study, switching at 270 A (a current density of 1000 A/cm 2 or more for the SiC MOSFET) was performed to evaluate this module. The turn-off switching time tf was ~10 ns, and the maximum dv/dt was 80 kV/us. Furthermore, this research examines the design and performance of the proposed power module.
Instrument-Assisted Soft Tissue Mobilization: A Systematic Review and Effect-Size Analysis
Authors: Seffrin Cristina B. , Cattano Nicole M. , Reed Melissa A. , Gardiner-Shires Alison M.
Published: July 2019

Objective

To determine the overall effectiveness of instrument-assisted soft tissue mobilization (IASTM) in improving range of motion (ROM), pain, strength, and patient-reported function in order to provide recommendations for use. We also sought to examine the influence of IASTM on injured and healthy participants, body part treated, and product used.

Data Sources

We searched the Academic Search Premier, Alt Healthwatch, CINAHL Complete, Cochrane Library, MEDLINE with full text, NLM PubMed, Physical Education Index, Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro), SPORTDiscus with full text, and Web of Science databases for articles published from 1997 through 2016. The Boolean string advantEDGE OR astym OR graston OR iastm OR “instrument assist* soft tissue mobil*” OR “augment* soft tissue mobil*” OR “myofascial release” OR “instrument assist* massage” OR “augment* massage” OR “instrument assist* cross fiber massage” was used.

Study Selection

Included articles were randomized controlled trials that measured ROM, pain, strength, or patient-reported function and compared IASTM treatment with at least 1 other group.

Data Extraction

Thirteen articles met the inclusion criteria. Four independent reviewers assessed study quality using the PEDro and Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine scales. Twelve articles were included in the effect-size analysis.

Data Synthesis

The average PEDro score for studies of uninjured participants was 5.83 (range = 5 to 7) and that for studies of injured participants was 5.86 (range = 3 to 7). Large effect sizes were found in outcomes for ROM (uninjured participants), pain (injured participants), and patient-reported function (injured participants). The different IASTM tools used in these studies revealed similar effect sizes in the various outcomes.

Conclusions

The current literature provides support for IASTM in improving ROM in uninjured individuals as well as pain and patient-reported function (or both) in injured patients. More high-quality research involving a larger variety of patients and products is needed to further substantiate and allow for generalization of these findings.
Transcatheter Unilateral Renal Artery Embolization for Managing Refractory Hypertension Prior to Renal Transplant
Authors: AlHendi Nasser Dafer , AlAklabi Aeed S. , Altheaby Abdulrahman , Al Zahrani Yousof , Arabi Mohammad
Published: July 2019

We report a case of unilateral renal artery embolization as a management of refractory hypertension that precluded renal transplantation in a patient with end-stage renal disease and not a candidate for nephrectomy. Over the subsequent few months, the targeted blood pressure was achieved followed by noncomplicated renal transplantation.
The lexical representation of English verbs of action. Complex predicates and structures
Authors: Ojanguren López Ana Elvira
Published: July 2019

This article aims at proposing a lexical representation for a set of English verbs of action. The analysis is carried out on the grounds of Role and Reference Grammar (RRG) and includes aspects like Aktionsart type, macrorole and syntactic function assignment, linking, as well as nexus and juncture. Against this background, the meaning components of the verbs in question are analysed, in such a way that a logical structure based on a lexical representation is defined for each verbal class. Conclusions fall on both the descriptive and the theoretical side. From the descriptive point of view, Fail and Try verbs constitute a unified verbal class as regards their meaning components and grammatical behaviour and, thus, they are represented by means of a unified logical structure. Conversely, Prevent verbs and Forbid verbs require different logical structures that account for their divergent grammatical behaviour, corresponding to the Causative Activity and Causative Achievement Aktionsart types respectively. On the theoretical side, the logical structures of End verbs, Fail verbs, Try verbs and Prevent verbs stick to the canonical representations of RRG, while those of Hinder verbs and Refrain verbs require complex predicates and complex logical structures which allow to incorporate extra meaning components and to combine different Aktionsart types.
In vivo monitoring of hepatic glycolipid distribution of n-6 ∕ n-3 in jugular-vein-cannulated rats as a nutritional research model for monogastric animal
Authors: Park Sang-O. , Zammit Victor A.
Published: July 2019

Abstract. The metabolic distribution via blood from liver of glycerolipids by omega-6
to omega-3 fatty acid (n-6 ∕ n-3) ratio in monogastric animal nutrition is
very important. In vivo monitoring technique using jugular-vein-cannulated
rats as a nutritional model for monogastric animal can yield important
insights into animal nutrition. This study was conducted to determine the
effect of different n-6 ∕ n-3 ratios (71:1, 4:1, 15:1, 30:1) on
metabolic distribution of glycerolipids newly synthesized and secreted in
the liver of the rats and explore the mechanism involved. Regarding
14CO2 released from oxidation of glycerolipid metabolism, it was
the highest (22.5 %) in groups with a n-6 ∕ n-3 ratio of 4:1 (P<0.05).
The control group showed the highest total glycerolipid level, followed by the
30:1, 15:1, and 4:1 groups in order (P<0.05). When secreted
triacylglycerol level of each group was compared with that of the control
group, the 4:1, 15:1, and 30:1 groups were decreased by 36.3 %, 20.9 %, and
13.3 %, respectively (P<0.05). Regarding the distribution of
phospholipid against total glycerolipid compared to the control group, the 4:1, 15:1, and 30:1 groups were 1.38, 1.29, and 1.17 times higher, respectively
(P<0.05). In the comparison of 14CO2 emission against
total glycerolipid compared with the control group, the 4:1, 15:1, and 30:1
groups were 1.61, 1.52, and 1.29 times higher, respectively
(P<0.05). These results demonstrate that a dietary n-6 ∕ n-3 fatty acid
ratio of 4:1 could significantly decrease harmful lipid levels in the blood
by controlling the mechanism of metabolic distribution via blood from
triglyceride and phospholipid newly synthesized in the liver of cannulated
rat.
Influence of Arctic stratospheric ozone on surface climate in CCMI models
Authors: Harari Ohad , Garfinkel Chaim I. , Ziskin Ziv Shlomi , Morgenstern Olaf , Zeng Guang , Tilmes Simone , Kinnison Douglas , Deushi Makoto , Jöckel Patrick , Pozzer Andrea , O'Connor Fiona M. , Davis Sean
Published: July 2019

Abstract. The Northern Hemisphere and tropical circulation response to interannual variability in Arctic stratospheric ozone is analyzed in a set of the latest model simulations archived for the Chemistry-Climate Model Initiative (CCMI) project. All models simulate a connection between ozone variability and temperature/geopotential height in the lower stratosphere similar to that observed. A connection between Arctic ozone variability and polar cap surface air pressure is also found, but additional statistical analysis suggests that it is mediated by the dynamical variability that typically drives the anomalous ozone concentrations. While the CCMI models also show a connection between Arctic stratospheric ozone and the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO), with Arctic stratospheric ozone variability leading to ENSO variability 1 to 2 years later, this relationship in the models is much weaker than observed and is likely related to ENSO autocorrelation rather than any forced response to ozone. Overall, Arctic stratospheric ozone is related to lower stratospheric variability. Arctic stratospheric ozone may also influence the surface in both polar and tropical latitudes, though ozone is likely not the proximate cause of these impacts and these impacts can be masked by internal variability if data are only available for ∼40 years.
Plasma transport into the duskside magnetopause caused by Kelvin–Helmholtz vortices in response to the northward turning of the interplanetary magnetic field observed by THEMIS
Authors: Yan Guang Qing , Parks George K. , Cai Chun Lin , Chen Tao , McFadden James P. , Ren Yong
Published: July 2019

Abstract. A train of Kelvin–Helmholtz (K–H) vortices with plasma transport across the magnetopause has been observed by the Time History of Events and Macroscale Interactions during Substorms (THEMIS) when the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) abruptly turns northward. This unique event occurred without pre-existing denser boundary layer to facilitate the instability. Two THEMIS spacecraft, TH-A and TH-E, separated by 3 Re, periodically encountered the duskside magnetopause and the low-latitude boundary layer (LLBL) with a period of 2 minutes and tailward propagation of 194 km/s. There was no high-velocity low-density feature, but the rotations in the bulk velocity observation, distorted magnetopause with plasma parameter fluctuations and the magnetic field line stretching, indicate the formation of rolled-up K–H vortices at the duskside magnetopause. A mixture of magnetosheath ions with magnetospheric ions and enhanced energy flux of hot electrons is identified in the K–H vortices. This mixture region appears more periodic at the upstream spacecraft and more dispersive at the downstream location, indicating a significant transport can occur and evolve during the tailward propagation of the K–H waves. There is still much work to fully understand the Kelvin–Helmholtz mechanism. The observations of direct response to the northward turning of the IMF, the unambiguous plasma transport within the vortices, involving both ion and electron fluxes can provide additional clues to the K–H mechanism.
Progress towards a probabilistic Earth system model: examining the impact of stochasticity in the atmosphere and land component of EC-Earth v3.2
Authors: Strommen Kristian , Christensen Hannah M. , MacLeod Dave , Juricke Stephan , Palmer Tim N.
Published: July 2019

Abstract. We introduce and study the impact of three stochastic schemes in the EC-Earth climate model: two atmospheric schemes and one stochastic land scheme. These form the basis for a probabilistic Earth system model in atmosphere-only mode. Stochastic parametrization have become standard in several operational weather-forecasting models, in particular due to their beneficial impact on model spread. In recent years, stochastic schemes in the atmospheric component of a model have been shown to improve aspects important for the models long-term climate, such as El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO), North Atlantic weather regimes, and the Indian monsoon. Stochasticity in the land component has been shown to improve the variability of soil processes and improve the representation of heatwaves over Europe. However, the raw impact of such schemes on the model mean is less well studied. It is shown that the inclusion of all three schemes notably changes the model mean state. While many of the impacts are beneficial, some are too large in amplitude, leading to significant changes in the model's energy budget and atmospheric circulation. This implies that in order to maintain the benefits of stochastic physics without shifting the mean state too far from observations, a full re-tuning of the model will typically be required.
A unique vadose zone model for shallow aquifers: the Hetao irrigation district, China
Authors: Liu Zhongyi , Wang Xingwang , Huo Zailin , Steenhuis Tammo Siert
Published: July 2019

Abstract. Rapid population growth is increasing pressure on the world water resources.
Agriculture will require crops to be grown with less water. This is
especially the case for the closed Yellow River basin, necessitating a better
understanding of the fate of irrigation water in the soil. In this
paper, we report on a field experiment and develop a physically based
model for the shallow groundwater in the Hetao irrigation district in Inner
Mongolia, in the arid middle reaches of the Yellow River. Unlike other
approaches, this model recognizes that field capacity is reached when the
matric potential is equal to the height above the groundwater table and not
by a limiting soil conductivity. The field experiment was carried out in
2016 and 2017. Daily moisture contents at five depths in the top 90 cm and
groundwater table depths were measured in two fields with a corn crop. The
data collected were used for model calibration and validation. The
calibration and validation results show that the model-simulated soil
moisture and groundwater depth fitted well. The model can be used in areas
with shallow groundwater to optimize irrigation water use and minimize
tailwater losses.
Cartographic support of design, construction and operation of underground gas storage in rock salt
Authors: Vereshchaka Tamara V. , Bakanova Marina Y. , Stepanchenko A. L.
Published: July 2019

Abstract. Investigated the directions of use of topographic maps and requirements for them at different stages of design, construction and operation of underground gas storages in rock salt – one of the most important parts of Russia's Unified gas supply system. The specificity, complexity and diversity of cartographic support of this industry emphasized. A new type of topographic map is proposed, the content of which is subjected specially to the purpose of creating underground gas storage with the display of information about the objects of the entire complex of storage, their parameters, and data about development of dangerous natural and anthropogenic processes.The system of notation conventions is developed: a) wells of various type and purpose, their characteristics; b) underground and surface objects of storage in the form of water-brine and technological complexes, pipelines for various purposes; c) environmental monitoring facilities, specially protected areas. The necessity substantiated to supplement the main original of the map with text characteristics with thematic maps-insert and 3-D models (figure 1).As the most current thematic maps are considered: the depth and power of the salt rocks (figure 2); the calculated subsidence trough of the earth's surface (figure 3); the zone of maximum spread of the construction of the brine and mineralization of groundwater (figure 4).In general, all the presented developments characterize a new type of specialized topographic map for the design, construction and operation of underground gas storage.
Simulating impact of over-grazing on grassland degradation using GIS: a case study in the Heihe River Basin, China
Authors: Wang Bingyu , Oguchi Takashi , Zhang Lin
Published: July 2019

Abstract. Inland river basins in arid to semi-arid regions are widely distributed in Northwest China, Central Asia, Central Australia, and North Africa, and are often subject to significant human activities. The most distinctive natural feature of such basins is the shortage of water resources, and the pivotal reasons involve less precipitation and heavy evapotranspiration (ET). In recent years, intensive human activities also damage the natural environment of the basins. They result in many problems especially the deterioration of ecological environment which will lead to severe consequences such as desertification, sandstorm, the disappearance of wetlands, reduction of forest and grassland degradation. They prevent us from achieving the goal of sustainable development. How to balance economic development and ecosystem conservation and to realize the sense of sustainability in inland river basins will be vitally important.The Heihe River is the second largest inland river in the Northwest of China with a long history development by human (Figure 1). Water resources from the river are crucial not only for the ecosystem but also for local human societies. The Heihe River Basin (HRB) is divided into three zones with different landscapes and natural environments. The upstream of HRB is the headstream which generates water resources mainly from glaciers and snow in Qilian Mountain. A large population of nomadic national minorities inhabits here and keeps animal husbandry as the primary production activity. In the early times, the Chinese government encouraged production activities to stimulate economic growth, and significant over-grazing and resultant severe grassland degradation occurred. Grassland is crucial for maintaining water resources especially in arid regions, without grasses most water will quickly evaporate into the air. Therefore, land resource management about grassland and the impact of human activities on the natural environment are of high research value in the HRB.This research aims to investigate the impact of over-grazing on grassland degradation in the inland ecosystem of the HRB. The changes of grassland distribution were simulated under different over-grazing scenarios to provide a reference for resource management and the related decision-making process and to contribute to the sustainable development of the region.
Visualization of fire brigade interventions based on statistical data
Authors: Wielebski Łukasz
Published: July 2019

Abstract. Graphically supported analysis of data concerning the intervention of selected Polish fire brigade units in the spatial and temporal depiction, as well as in the context of the recognition of the type and scale of threats that occur on the areas protected by those units, was the fundamental issue touched upon in the research. Statistical data from 2010–2018, encompassing 75 000 fire brigade interventions on the area of Poznań and the Poznań county, constituted the source of the information.The aim of the research was to create the set of cartographic visualizations demonstrating the rescuing and firefighting actions of the fire brigade in the form of various mapping methods, diagrams and other types of graphic presentation that allow one to observe links, relations and tendencies with regard to the occurrence of events that pose a threat to life, health or property.The methods of multicriterial classification of qualitative and quantitative data, as well as gradual transformations of mapping techniques of data presentation, were employed in the research, resulting in 2D and 3D visualizations oriented toward the opportunity to analyze data from the intervention base in terms of the event type, location and time of occurrence. Apart from traditional mapping techniques, more complex and new graphic solutions, such as the rose graph, tessellation grid map, time-event prism map or indexed zonal statistic map, were utilized. Such combination is supposed to facilitate the analysis and interpretation of the data collected in the intervention base.The evaluation of those visualization methods in terms of their effectiveness and usefulness, carried out with the help of experts, i.e. fire brigade members, brought about some interesting conclusions. The set of graphic solutions targeted at conducting analyses on operational data concerning the actions of the fire brigade, as well as the knowledge about the effectiveness of the visualizations worked out in the demonstration of spatial and temporal principles of the occurrence of events that required the fire brigade intervention on the examined area, constitute the results of the research.
Reading Nietzsche with Irigaray: Not your garden-variety philosophy
Authors: Oliver Kelly
Published: July 2019

My short essay on Irigaray’s relation to Nietzsche could be divided into the beginnings of six arguments: First, Nietzsche continues to hold a special place in Irigaray’s thinking. Second, Amante Marine is an important part of Irigaray’s elemental philosophy. Third, Irigaray’s insistence on depth over surface in Amante Marine points to two different ways Nietzsche has been taken up in French Philosophy, which could be characterized as the difference between surface and depth. Fourth, Irigaray’s Amante Marine anticipates the most recent direction in Nietzsche scholarship, which focuses on plants and the earth. Fifth, following Nietzsche, Irigaray suggests that we can learn lessons about sharing the earth from plants. And, finally, Irigaray’s elemental philosophy resonates with my own conception of earth ethics as responsiveness to other earthlings and our environment, which I develop in my recent book Earth and World.
Book Review: Drew Dalton, The Ethics of Resistance: Tyranny of the Absolute (London, U.K.: Bloomsbury Academic, 2018), pp. 154.
Authors: Nethery IV H.A.
Published: July 2019

A review of Drew Dalton, The Ethics of Resistance: Tyranny of the Absolute (London, U.K.: Bloomsbury Academic, 2018), pp. 154.
Izvajanje koncepta skupnega prometnega prostora s preobrazbo ulic v poslovnem središču Pešavarja v Pakistanu
Authors: AMAN Maryam , WAHEED Abdul , NAEEM Malik Asghar , SHAH Syed Akhtar Ali
Published: July 2019

Zamisel o skupnem prometnem prostoru (ang. living streets) se je razvila šele nedavno, upošteva pa se predvsem pri prostorskem načrtovanju in razvoju mest. Njena glavna namena sta zagotavljanje varnega dostopa za vse vrste prometa in s tem osredotočanje na splošni trajnostni razvoj mesta. Avtorji v članku proučujejo značilnosti glavnih prometnih žil v poslovnem središču Pešavarja z vidika koncepta skupnega prometnega prostora, na podlagi česar bi se lahko sprejeli ustrezni ukrepi za izboljšanje tega mestnega območja. Predpostavljajo, da trenutna infrastruktura skupnega prometnega prostora v poslovnem središču mesta ne zadovoljuje potreb različnih uporabnikov (nakupovalcev, stanovalcev, zaposlenih in ljudi, ki območje uporabljajo za rekreacijo). Da bi določili in analizirali osnovno javno infrastrukturo v poslovnem središču mesta, so opravili raziskavo, ki je vključevala opazovanje in anketo. Raziskava je razkrila težave, kot so hrup, onesnažen zrak, smeti, pomanjkanje ustrezne javne prometne infrastrukture in površin za pešce ter slabo upravljanje prometa. Anketiranci so izrazili močno nezadovoljstvo z zdajšnjo ureditvijo za pešce in parkiranje na ulici. Terenska raziskava je poleg tega pokazala, da površine za pešce ne zadovoljujejo potreb pešcev, pomanjkanje ulične opreme pa prebivalce odvrača od tega, da bi se bolj družili.
A dynamic sense of home: Spatio-temporal aspects of mobility of young Tokyo residents
Authors: IKALOVIĆ Vedrana , CHIESI Leonardo
Published: July 2019

In highly industrialized and institutionalized societies aiming for maximum efficiency, individual activities must be synchronized with the daily rhythms of a city. As a spatial and institutional realm, the city imposes on people and influences their level of attachment, consequently altering their sense of home. This is most obvious in contemporary cities, where daily life involves movement, and where rest is often sought outside the living place, while on the move. By examining the spatial and temporal aspects of mobility of young Tokyo residents, this article explores how their sense of home and levels of attachment to the physical environment are affected by the city. It reveals a dynamic sense of home in which routes are more significant than roots and in which attachment is not restricted to a single location. Instead, it is understood as attachment to temporal and spatial relationships produced by the activities of people and institutions.
Misunderstandings and Contradictions in Discursive Argumentation: silence emergence production processes in cases of Brazilian digital media
Authors: Ponsoni Samuel , Baronas Roberto Leiser
Published: July 2019

In language, there are a few cases of exposition of arguments that, in spite of all the effort the subjects do in their enunciative constructs, misunderstandings and contradictions seem to return in these arguments, which may generate some disagreement. These flaws in argumentation can and must be explained by several theories within the scope of language studies: from the most structural, through the enunciative theories, to the most discursive. In this sense, we propose in this paper to search, in a discursive understanding of language, namely, from French Discourse Analysis, and more specifically that of the discursive theory of constitutive silence to every language process, proposed by Eni Orlandi (2007), the analyzes for these ritual failures in the elaboration of the arguments. To do so, we have brought the analysis of some cases that have occurred in what we call the digital media of Brazilian daily life, that is, cases that circulated in the virtual spaces of the Internet and its various enunciative devices. In these case analysis, we seek, through the formula of constitutive and foundational silence, described by Orlandi (2007), to understand how misunderstandings and contradictions are, in fact, the evidence and irruption of these discursive silencings in the discursive arguments of the cases. Thus, responding to this hypothesis is our main objective in this work.
Zwischen Tradition und Moderne: Die Ausschusseinsetzung des Deutschen Bundestages in der 19. Wahlperiode
Authors: Heynckes Heinz-Willi
Published: July 2019

The first time arrival of the AfD in the Bundestag focused public attention on the distribution of committee chairmanships . The process of determining who chairs which committees is still based on an old German parliamentary custom whereby the committee chairs are allocated in accordance to a calculation method adopted in advance by the House and based on the relative strengths of the parliamentary groups . Following that procedure the AfD group is entitled to chairing three committees . The Reichstag procedures for appointing committee chairpersons were intentionally incorporated into the Rules of Procedure of the Bundestag and specify that committees are to ‘appoint’ their chairs in accordance to the agreements reached by the Council of Elders . An election is not prescribed . This has been standard practice throughout the course of many electoral terms . In the 19th electoral term objections against the candidates nominated by the AfD group were raised and the committees called for a vote to be taken . The AfD group argued that the Bundestag Rules of Procedure make no provisions for a vote on committee chairmanships and that the agreement reached by the parliamentary groups on their distribution was binding for the committees . Quite rightly, votes were ultimately taken because a presumptive binding effect of the parliamentary group decisions is superimposed by the freedom of the MPs in the exercise of their mandate . A Member cannot be compelled to vote for anyone for whom he or she does not wish to vote . Due to the new larger size of the Bundestag, the committees have grown in size . This led to an increase in the restrictions on speaking time . Such curbs are also permissible at the committee stage as long as they do not impair the fairness of parliamentary proceedings .
Beeinflussen Regierungen die parlamentarische Tagesordnung? Agendakontrolle und Zeitverteilung im britischen Unterhaus und im Deutschen Bundestag
Authors: Koß Michael , Tan Miryam
Published: July 2019

Do governments use their control of the parliamentary agenda to influence the allocation of plenary time and devote relatively less time to important legislation? Using an original dataset comprising all plenary debates during two parliamentary sessions each in the British House of Commons and the German Bundestag in which all (legislative and non-legislative) debates on matters of national importance are identified, one can find no support for this claim . Both in absolute and relative terms, more legislative time is allocated to important legislation under centralized agenda control in the House of Commons . If one additionally considers non-legislative debates, the relative shares of plenary time devoted to important topics is similar . However, in absolute terms, more than twice as much time is allocated to important topics in the House of Commons than in the Bundestag .
Politische Krisenkommunikation: Welche Rollen nehmen Politiker in TV-Sondersendungen ein?
Authors: Dörner Andreas , Vogt Ludgera
Published: July 2019

One reason why special German broadcast programs like „ARD Brennpunkt“ and „ZDF spezial“ fulfill their function in crisis communication is that politicians appear in them . In the course of an interdisciplinary research project on media disturbances, 164 of such special broadcasts from 2015 and 2016 were analyzed and 40 interviews with participants were conducted, eleven of those with national and local politicians . It is their roles that are elaborated here . Triangulating the conducted interviews on the one hand and textual analyses on the other, a typology of political role figurations can be presented . Political actors assumed the following roles: (1) “representative of the sovereign”, either as a statesperson or as responsive and palpable; (2) “representative of the party”, bringing forth the agenda of their respective party or subverting it as a deviator; (3) “communicator of exclusive knowledge”, underlining researched facts; (4) authorized expert, driving towards sobriety; (5) “evaluator”, emphasizing normative perspectives and (6) “crisis manager”, underlining their problem solving competence or even, within the sub-role of “local caretaker”, their personal engagement . The roles are part of a crisis communication that aims at calming and orientating the public .
POWER THROUGH LINGUISTIC MODALITIES IN INDONESIAN PRESIDENTIAL SPEECHES
Authors: Ekawati Rosyida
Published: July 2019

Language plays a crucial role in political speech. The use of a particular language canreflect or be influenced by the speaker’s ideology, power, cultural/social background, region, or social status. This paper is concerned with the relationship between language and power, specifically as manifested in the language used by an Indonesian president in international forums. It aims to uncover the power relations that were projected through the linguistic features of the president’s speech texts, particularly the use of modal verbs. Data for this paper are the speeches on the topics of peace and climate change delivered by Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono (SBY) in international forums during his first and second presidential terms. This paper’s analysis of linguistic modalities uses Fairclough’s three-dimensional model of critical discourse analysis (CDA) to answer its research questions. The results show that, in projecting his power, SBY used several linguistic modal verbs. From the context of the modality used it can be understood that the president conveyed his strategic desire to be himself as he tried to relate to the audience (as he assumed it to be) and construct an image of himself, of his audience, and of their relationship. The president produced discourse that embodied assumptions about the social relations between his leadership and the audience and asserted both his legitimate power as president and his expert power. Through the language used, SBY created, sustained, and replicated the fundamental inequalities and asymmetries in the forums he attended.
Scholastická logika „vědění“ II.
Authors: Hanke Miroslav ,   University of South Bohemia
Published: July 2019

Further development of the research on the fourteenth-century logic of iterated modalities (Heytesbury, Wyclif, and Peter of Mantua) leads to further exploration in fifteenth- and sixteenth-century Italian scholasticism, in particular, the contributions of Paul of Venice and his followers (including Paul of Pergula, Cajetan of Thiene, and Domenico Bianchelli). The research confirms the well-established notion of “British logic in Italy”, as the major logical strategies used in the analysed works can be traced back to earlier British authors. Logically speaking, the problem of iterated epistemic modalities (such as knowledge and doubt) was framed as debate on the consistency of the hypothesis that an agent doubts whether she knows φ and the hypothesis that an agent knows φ and doubts whether she knows φ, in which the principles of positive and negative introspection play a major part. Philosophically speaking, the debate on the possibility of doubting one’s own knowledge utilised theories of evidence and scientific proof and philosophy of the mind (including the problems of direct and reflexive mental acts and of propositional attitudes).
Encyklopedismus J. H. Alsteda jako jedna z inspirací Komenského pansofismu?
Authors: Čížek Jan ,   University of South Bohemia
Published: July 2019

The paper aims to introduce the encyclopaedic project presented by the reformed philosopher and theologian Johann Heinrich Alsted (1588–1638) and study it as one of the possible sources of the pansophism of the Czech philosopher, theologian and educational reformer Jan Amos Comenius (1592–1670). For this reason, the author first briefly describes the genesis, development and structure of Alsted’s encyclopaedic work with a special focus on his mature and monumental Encyclopaedia septem tomis distincta (1630). The crucial part of the paper is devoted to comparing Alsted’s and Comenius’s conceptions of metaphysics, physics (or philosophy of nature) and other important fields of their shared interest. The author concludes that Comenius was undoubtedly influenced by Alsted in structural and terminological matters; furthermore, that both Alsted and Comenius inclined to base their philosophy of nature on so-called Mosaic physics and tended to understand metaphysics as a primary science not only in view of its dignity, but also with regard to its place in the system of sciences and in the curriculum.
Avaliação do perfil motor em crianças com transtorno do espectro autista (TEA)
Authors: Teixeira Bruna Marques , Carvalho Fabiana Teixeira de , Vieira Jaqueline Raíssa Lopes
Published: July 2019

Foco temático. Uma das principais comorbidades associadas ao autismo em crianças relaciona-se diretamente ao déficit do desempenho motor como resposta ao movimento. Crianças com TEA apresentam uma série de alterações motoras, com atrasos na coordenação, resultando em déficits na aprendizagem de habilidades motoras finas e complexas. Objetivo. Avaliar o perfil motor de crianças com transtorno do espectro autista (TEA). Método. Trata-se de um estudo clínico, observacional, transversal, prospectivo, quantitativo e descritivo. A pesquisa foi realizada com 20 crianças com diagnóstico de TEA, de ambos os sexos, com idades entre 05 e 11, em uma Associação em Teresina-PI. Para a realização do estudo utilizou-se a Escala de Desenvolvimento Motor (EDM), que compreende provas diversificadas e de diferentes dificuldades que permitem avaliar o nível de desenvolvimento motor. Resultados. Os resultados revelaram diferença significativa entre a idade motora e a idade cronológica, com nível de desenvolvimento motor inferior e muito inferior. Conclusão. Foi possível observar que crianças com TEA apresentam idade motora geral inferior à idade cronológica.
Características de qualidade do professor na percepção de alunos com altas habilidades/superdotação
Authors: Fonseca Fernanda Cardoso Fraga , Abud Maria José Milharezi
Published: July 2019

Este trabalho expõe uma pesquisa que tem como tema a percepção de alunos com altas habilidades/superdotação, a respeito das características docentes que contribuem para o êxito do processo de ensino e aprendizagem em sala de aula. Assim, este estudo tem como objetivo geral oferecer contribuições para a prática de professores que trabalham com alunos com altas habilidades/superdotação, e como objetivo específico investigar, segundo a percepção de alunos com altas habilidades, quais são as características docentes que contribuem para o êxito de sua aprendizagem. Participaram desta pesquisa 40 alunos com altas habilidades/superdotação do 8º e 9º ano do Ensino Fundamental que fazem parte de um projeto de um Instituto social de uma cidade do interior paulista. Foi utilizado como instrumento metodológico para coleta de dados um questionário composto por uma questão aberta que foi respondida por todos os alunos. Para a análise das respostas desses participantes, foram empregados os constructos da análise de conteúdo de Bardin (2011). Os resultados dessa pesquisa apontam que, na percepção da maioria dos alunos participantes, as principais características docentes que contribuem para o êxito de sua aprendizagem estão relacionadas à boa didática/ao bom trabalho didático do professor. Embora com menor frequência, também foram mencionadas como características de qualidade o bom relacionamento, o bom senso de humor e a disposição do professor para aprender. Concluiu-se que as características obtidas na presente pesquisa são atributos necessários a todos os professores e benéficos a todos os alunos e não apenas aos alunos com altas habilidades/superdotação.
The moderating role of gender in siblings of adults with intellectual disabilities
Authors: Prino Laura Elvira , Scigala Dawid , Fabris Matteo Angelo , Longobardi Claudio
Published: July 2019

Siblings play an important role in psychological and relational development in the lifecycle, especially if the family includes brothers or sisters with intellectual disability. The main objective of this study was to examine whether the relationships experienced by siblings of people with intellectual disability (ID-sibs) and siblings of people with typical development (TD-sibs) influence their ways of coping with stress and anxiety level, with particular emphasis on gender differences. The participants were 187 adults, of whom 104 (55.6%) were females aged 18 to 76 years (M = 29.42; SD = 11.93). Of our sample, 51.9% (N = 97) had a sibling with an intellectual disability and 48.1% (N = 90) had a sibling with typical development. The participants completed a self-report questionnaire that assessed demographics, sibling-relationship quality, anxiety, and coping orientations to problems experienced. The results show that women report a higher quality of relationship with ID-sibs compared to men and to women who have TD-sibs. The results further indicate that women with ID-sibs had higher levels of anxiety and used Transcendent-Oriented coping strategies more frequently. Lastly, gender moderated the relation between relationship quality and coping strategies in diverse ways in the two groups considered. The implications of the overall results are that sibling-focused interventions should focus on improving negative sibling relationships in order to reduce the impact of difficulties on TD siblings of both genders and that the content and delivery framework of interventions should be shaped accordingly.
Explaining how college-aged individuals provide information to friends experiencing romantic relational uncertainty
Authors: McManus Tara G , Yurashevich Yuliya , McDaniel Courtney
Published: July 2019

College-aged individuals report having difficulty deciding what and how much information to provide to friends, yet they often turn to one another for information when experiencing relational uncertainty in a romantic relationship. Given the central role friendships have in college-aged individuals’ lives, identifying ways to decrease the difficulty of providing information is necessary. By framing friends’ relational uncertainty conversations as an information management process, the information-provider’s cognitions and emotions are highlighted as factors likely influencing the information provided to friends requesting it to manage their relational uncertainty. In an online survey (N = 367), participants recalled their most recent conversation in which a friend requested information to help manage a romantic relational uncertainty. Results showed participants provided a greater amount, more accurate, and more positively valenced information to friends when participants had positive expected outcomes and greater efficacy assessments. However, anxiety had a small negative effect on expected outcomes, efficacy assessments, and the information provided. In addition to the theoretical contributions, results suggest that helping college-aged individuals focus on the positive outcomes of relational uncertainty conversations and improving their efficacy could help them be better information-providers to friends.
Characteristics of adhesion areas between the tissue expander and capsule in implant-based breast reconstruction
Authors: Lim Yoon Min , Park Kwang Hyun , Lee Dong Won , Lew Dae Hyun , Roh Tai Suk , Song Seung Yong
Published: July 2019

Background The use of anatomic implants has improved the aesthetic results of breast surgery; however, implant malrotation is an uncommon, but serious complication of these procedures. Nevertheless, little research has explored implant adhesion. In this study, we investigated adhesion between the expander and the capsule.

Methods Seventy-nine cases of immediate breast reconstruction via two-stage implantbased reconstruction performed between September 2016 and November 2017 were evaluated. Mentor CPX4 expanders were used in 14 breasts, and Natrelle expanders in 65. We analyzed areas of adhesion on the surfaces of the tissue expanders when they were exchanged with permanent implants. We investigated whether adhesions occurred on the cephalic, caudal, anterior, and/or posterior surfaces of the expanders.

Results Total adhesion occurred in 18 cases, non-adhesion in 15 cases, and partial adhesion in 46 cases. Of the non-adhesion cases, 80% (n=12) were with Mentor CPX4 expanders, while 94.4% (n=17) of the total adhesion cases were with Natrelle expanders. Of the partial adhesion cases, 90.7% involved the anterior-cephalic surface. The type of tissue expander showed a statistically significant relationship with the number of attachments in both univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses (P<0.001) and with total drainage only in the univariate analysis (P=0.015).

Conclusions We sought to identify the location(s) of adhesion after tissue expander insertion. The texture of the implant was a significant predictor of the success of adhesion, and partial adhesion was common. The anterior-cephalic surface showed the highest adhesion rate. Nevertheless, partial adhesion suffices to prevent unwanted rotation of the expander.