bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Spatial Formation of The Berastagi Sub District, Kabupaten Karo
Authors: Wendi Prayudi
Published: August 2021

Berastagi sub-district is located in the Karo district of North Sumatra province. The majority of people in the Berastagi sub-district are the Karo tribe. The space arrangement settlement is very inspired by grade local culture, makes this area have traditional characteristics. Besides grade culture is very impressive, Berastagi is also be known as a tourism place. In the expected research, settlement can be well-identified it can be was found the spatial formation so that the development of the area will be carried out to be adapted with public expectation. So as the expansion expected can improve the standard of available living in term convenience, harmony and safety to serve life routinely.
Sustainable Landscape Criteria in Design Concept of Taman Merah Kampung Pelangi, Malang City
Authors: Hamka
Published: August 2021

Taman Merah is one of the thematic parks planned by the residents of Kampung Pelangi to provide a forum for activities and meet the needs of green open space for the environment by utilizing the empty land in Kampung Pelangi environment.  This activity is a service program communities that aims to help residents plan and design the Red Park according to their needs.  The method that used is the landscape architecture design method with a sustainable landscape approach, starting from site surveys, identifying people's needs and activities, studying literature related to sustainable landscape criteria to be applied to the Taman Merah design concept, compiling programming and design concepts.  The results of the study obtained are the criteria for sustainable landscapes that are applied in the design concept including environmental, economic, socio-cultural, aesthetic, and institutional aspects.  The five criteria were identified to be used as the basis for the Taman Merah design concept.  The sustainability of these five aspects aims to improve the quality of the environment, improve the residents' economy, a forum for the actualization of socio-cultural activities, provide interesting place experiences, and foster collaboration between residents and community groups in Kampung Pelangi RW 9 Joyogrand Housing, Merjosari Village, Malang City.
A teoria da evolução humana em outras espécies: o caso do “Dinosauroid”
Authors: Farah Leonardo de Castro
Published: August 2021

Carl Sagan (1934-1996) em seu livro: Os Dragões do Éden de 1977 sugeriu um experimento mental interessante, propondo que caso não houvesse a extinção K-T alguns dinossauros poderiam ter evoluído para uma forma humanoide. Em 1982, Dr. Dale A. Russell e Ron Séguin, escreveram um artigo sugerindo essa possibilidade. Segundo Russell, os Troodontidæ poderiam ter dado origem ao humanoide, dinosauroid que teria braços e pernas longas, tinha 1.100 cm3 de volume cerebral sendo bem habilidoso chegando ao ponto de criar ferramentas. Por isso, a mídia o chamou de Samartasaurus. Será que esse experimento mental estaria correto? Com o objetivo de explicar isso iremos contar com os artigos de especialistas, em locomoção humana: Owen Lovejoy, o especialista em cozimento, Dr. Richard Wrangham e o especialista em evolução humana, Dr. Walter Neves da USP.
An Exploration of Nonresident Student Enrollment and Institutional Finances at Public Universities
Authors: Kelchen Robert
Published: August 2021

Many public universities have sought to increase the number of students they enroll from other states, with the assumption that a larger share of nonresident students increases institutional revenues and prestige. In this paper, I examine the extent to which out-of-state undergraduate student enrollment shares are associated with changes in per-student revenue and expenditure patterns at four-year public universities both as a whole and by selectivity and Carnegie classification. I find that an increase in the percentage of students from out of state is associated with decreases in per-student tuition revenue and is often associated with a decline in per-student expenditures.
Cannabis Medicinal
Authors: Albuquerque de Sousa Ana Paula , Costa Nágla de Assis , Costa Silvia Helena Barros
Published: August 2021

O estudo de caso é uma das linhas de pesquisa das metodologias ativas e destaca-se por oferecer aos estudantes o desenvolvimento de conhecimentos acadêmicos e de atitudes propositivas em relação à realidade em que estão inseridos. Com o objetivo de discutir sobre o uso terapêutico da Cannabis sativa na epilepsia, denominada Dravet, e no combate a outras doenças ­­­graves que comprometem a qualidade de vida e provocam sofrimentos intensos aos doentes e familiares, esse estudo aborda uma questão específica em que uma família terá que decidir entre o uso de um composto importado de alto custo ou optar por um produto artesanal, mais acessível, sem controle de qualidade. A metodologia aborda a temática por meio da discussão do caso investigativo em cinco aulas dinamizadas através de vídeos, mapas conceituais, leituras do tema em livros e notícias jornalísticas e utilização de plataformas e aplicativos multimídias (Google Forms, Google Classroom, Google Meet, WhatsApp, Telegram, Instagram, Facebook, Twitter, Kahoot), fundamentando os alunos para que ofereçam soluções exequíveis. Como resultado, os discentes poderão apontar duas soluções diferentes para o caso: uma delas é direcionada para o uso legal do produto à base de Cannabis e a outra para o uso clandestino, sem prescrição médica.
EDUCAÇÃO EM SAÚDE E SEGURANÇA ALIMENTAR
Authors: Silva Aline Rose Santos Vieira
Published: August 2021

Neste estudo de caso, trazemos à narrativa, um fato ocorrido em uma Vigilância Sanitária Municipal, no qual os fiscais se depararam com uma situação envolvendo denúncias sobre três restaurantes e, durante rotina de fiscalização aos estabelecimentos, encontram algumas irregularidades quanto às boas práticas de higiene, manipulação e comercialização de alimentos. O caso solicita a reflexão e a proposição de estratégias para a seguinte questão: suponha que você seja um dos fiscais, analise o caso e proponha estratégias e soluções para que casos como esse não voltem a acontecer e não gerem um problema de saúde pública. É feita uma breve contextualização e a exposição das características na narrativa. Em seguida é apresentada a discussão dos dados do caso com a sua devida fonte de inspiração. Posteriormente é citada a sua aplicabilidade ao ensino remoto, bem como as atitudes e habilidades passíveis de serem desenvolvidas com a aplicação do mesmo. Por fim, são citadas duas possíveis soluções/estratégias para o caso com as devidas fundamentações teóricas e as formas de avaliação do aluno. Espera-se que o estudo de caso em questão possa contribuir com a compreensão sobre o conhecimento científico e sua importância para ações de manejo e estratégias de prevenção à saúde, a importância do conhecimento das boas práticas de manipulação de alimentos na proteção à saúde, desenvolvimento de atitudes responsáveis quanto à compra e o consumo de alimentos e o desenvolvimento do empoderamento das pessoas na compreensão da importância da participação e controle social diante de situações como a do caso em questão.
Strategy for Rice Disease Management in Bangladesh
Authors: Khatun MT , Nessa B , Salam MU , Kabir MS
Published: August 2021

Disease is one of the most limiting biotic factors that affects rice production worldwide. In Bangladesh, there are 10 rice diseases considered as major, which cause economic loss in farmers’ fields. Therefore, the aim of this article is to explore all the feasible avenues of technology deployment on rice disease management to restrict the disease infection at minimum level and thus minimize economic loss. The article is generated using data and/or infromation from published and unpublished works and incorporating authors’ experience. It is evident that periodically (odd year) a disease outbreak or epidemic occurred in Bangladesh such as blast. Under epidemic situation, research findings estimated a yield loss of up to 98% at the highest disease severity level of infection of blast. On the other hand, field survey indicated the highest of 65.4% yield loss from severly infected field with the disease. To overcome the epidemics in odd years and to keep the loss under economic threshold level, it is necessary to undertake preventive measures such as planting of resistant or tolerant varieties, use of disease-free seeds from healthy plants, use of balanced fertilizer where applicable, and following feasible crop rotations. Currently, it is urgent need for developing strong and precise weather-based disease-risk forecasting system at least one week’s lead time based on real-time weather data. Subsequent quick management options such as disease-specific fungicidal treatment should be communicated to all stakeholders using fast-delivery media such as TV channels and SMS could be efficient and effective ways to address the disease outbreak under epidemic situation. To address annualized yield loss, it is suggested to execute interventions like effective training to the root level (both for farmers and extension personnel) and conducting demonstration in farmers fields, regular field monitoring, digitalization in disease management sector, revive indigenous technologies as appropriate, and improving rice production system. To continously improve rice disease management sector, this paper has proposed an innovative action for three decades through to 2050 under the banner ‘Location, Variety and Disease Specific Smart Management’ on research, development and extension.
Bangladesh Rice J. 25 (1) : 23-36, 2021
Adoption Lag Minimization for Increasing Rice Yield
Authors: Karmakar B , Rahman MM , Sarkar MAR , Mamun MAA , Rahman MC , Nessa B , Salam MU , Kabir MS
Published: August 2021

Sustainable adoption of promising technology leads to increase yield and productivity of rice significantly. Yield gap reduction through minimization of adoption cycle of rice technologies is essential to increase food security of Bangladesh. Adoption of promising rice variety required 16±3 years to reach its adoption peak at farm level following the existing dissemination protocol. The specific objective is to find out the ways and means to curtail adoption lag of variety, management practices and rice based technologies for sustainable food security of Bangladesh. The study is accomplished accordingly by reviewing previous works completed on technology adoption; calculation and estimation of future seed demand and supply. Our findings reveal that the average yield gap between actual farm yield and potential farm yield is 20.7%. Seed retention and motivated farmers estimated from the frontline demonstrations of BRRI were 18 and 20%, respectively. Sufficient amounts (128 kg/variety) of breeder seed need to be produced by the concerned research organizations concurrently the variety release process. The seed will be used to execute action plan by setting up 64 adaptive trials (AT) in 64 districts to select location specific suitable variety(s) for rapid dissemination. In the 2nd and 3rd years, 256 kg quality seeds per variety will be required to conduct 128 AT/SPDP in 64 districts. The seed of farmers’ chosen variety(s) will be collected, stored, and marketed by the local seed producer or farmers group; and they will provide this information to the extension organization and BRRI. At least 10 to 20% seed selling information will be checked by the concerned scientist of BRRI every year and total seed selling data will be calibrated based on the checked data. Similarly, the next two years’ trial data will be collected from conducted trials and associated seed producer/dealer/farmers’ club/groups. Then, the concerned research institute will be able to provide a projection of diffusion rate and demand of newly released variety(s) compiling three years data. Based on the authentic reports, the concerned organizations will conduct block, frontline and follow-up demonstrations in collaboration with all the stakeholders. Action plan of research and extension; large scale frontline demonstration of the selected variety(s) with more stakeholders followed by field day, training, and workshop would be the key drivers for effective and sustainable dissemination of technology lead to reduce adoption lag effectively. Combined initiatives and integrated approaches need to be taken nationally to execute the adoption lag minimization plans and model for rapid dissemination of promising technology to doubling the rice productivity. Therefore, popularization and adoption of new technology would be possible within five to seven years instead of 16±3 years.
Bangladesh Rice J. 25 (1) : 75-88, 2021
KANDUNGAN PROTEIN KASAR DAN SERAT KASAR SILASE BATANG PISANG KOMBINASI INDIGOFERA (INDIGOFERA SP) UNTUK PAKAN TERNAK RUMINANSIA
Authors: Hania Emil Mil , Novieta I. D. , Fitriani Fitriani , Irmayani Irmayani
Published: August 2021

ABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kandungan protein kasar dan serat kasar silase batang pisang kombinasi indigofera (indigofera sp) untuk pakan ternak ruminansia. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada bulan Januari-Maret 2020, yang bertempat di Laboratorium Fakultas Pertanian, Peternakan dan Perikanan Kampus ll UMPAR dan selanjutnya dilakukan analisa proksimat di laboratorium kimia makanan ternak Fakultas Peternakan Universitas Hasanuddin, Makassar. Penelitian ini menggunakan batang pisang, indigofera sp, konsentrat, garam, molases, air, kertas label, dan kantong plastik. Penelitian ini tiga kali ulangan yaitu N1= 50% batang pisang + 40% biomassa indigofera + 10% konsentrat, N2= 50% batang pisang + 30% biomassa indigofera + 20% konsentrat, N3= 50% batang pisang + 20% biomassa indigofera + 30% konsentrat, N4= 50% batang pisang + 10% biomassa indigofera + 40% konsentrat. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kandungan protein kasar silase batang pisang kombinasi indigofera (indigofera sp) untuk pakan ternak ruminansia tidak berpengaruh nyata (P>0,05) sedangkan kandungan serat kasar silase batang pisang kombinasi indigofera (indigofera sp) untuk pakan ternak ruminansia berpengaruh nyata (P<0.01). Kata kunci : Batang pisang,Indigofera sp,Protein Kasar dan Serat Kasar CRUDE PROTEIN AND CRUDE FIBER CONTENT OF BANANA STEM SILAGE COMBINATION OF INDIGOOFERA (Indigofera sp) FOR RUMINANT ANIMAL FEEDABSTRACT.This study aims to determine the content af crude protein and crude fiber in the silage of indigofera sp banana stems for ruminant feed. This research was conducted in january-march 2020, which took place in the Laboratory of the Faculty of Agriculture, Animal husbundry and Fisheries Campus II UMPAR and then carried out a proximate analysis at the Laboratory for animal feed chemistry, Faculty of Animal Husbundry, Mkassar. This study used banana stalks, indigofera sp, concentrate, salt, molasses, water, lebel paper and plastic bags. Thiis study used a completel randomised design (RAL) with four treatment levels and three replication, name N1= 50% banana stem + 40% indigofera biomass + 10% concentrate, N2=50% banana stem + 30% indigofera biomass + 20% concentrate, N3=50% banana stem + 20% indigofera biomass+ 30% concentrate, N4=50% banana stem + 10% indigofera biomass+ 40% concentrate. This results showed that the crude protein content of indigofera sp combination banana stem silage for ruminant animal feed had no significant effect (P>0,05), while the crude fiber content of indigofera sp combination banana stem silage for ruminant animal feed had a significant effect (P<0,01)Key word : Banana stem, indigofera sp, crude Protein and crude Fiber
PENGARUH BAURAN PEMASARAN TERHADAP KEPUTUSAN PEMBELIAN MADU PT KEMBANG JOYO SRIWIJAYA DI KOTA WISATA BATU
Authors: Febrianto Nanang , Hartono Budi , Masyithoh Dewi
Published: August 2021

Penelitian dilakukan dengan tujuan menganalisis faktor bauran pemasaran yang mempengaruhi keputusan pembelian madu PT Kembang Joyo Sriwijaya di Kota Batu. Metode penelitian studi kasus. Responden penelitian adalahi wisatawan yang berkunjung ke Kota Batu yang ditentukan secara accidental sampling method. Analisis data dengan menggunakan analisis regresi linier berganda. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa faktor yang berpengaruh secara positif dan signifikan terhadap keputusan pembelian adalah produk dan harga sedangkan faktor yang tidak berpengaruh signifikan adalah variabel lokasi, promosi, sdm dan proses.
FAKTOR YANG BERHUBUNGAN DENGAN KEMATIAN IBU AKIBAT KEJADIAN EKLAMPSIA PADA IBU BERSALIN DI RSUD DOKTER SOEDARSO PERIODE TAHUN 2018-2020
Authors: Vika Arianingsih Windiyati,
Published: August 2021

Eklampsia merupakan penyebab kematian ibu tertinggi di Indonesia setelah Perdarahan Postpartum. Sebanyak 24% kematian ibu disebabkan oleh eklampsia. Pada tahun 2018 di Rumah Sakit Umum Daerah Dokter Soedarso terdapat 3 kematian ibu akibat eklampsia, sedangkan 1 kematian ibu bersalin merupakan kejadian luar biasa. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan kejadian kematian ibu akibat eklampsia di RSUD Dokter Soedarso periode 2018-2020. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain penelitian case control dengan pendekatan retrospektif, dalam penelitian ini diperoleh data rekam medis ibu yang meninggal karena eklampsia untuk kelompok kasus dan ibu yang mengalami eklampsia tetapi tidak meninggal. Sebanyak 10 responden untuk kelompok kasus. dan jumlah sampel kontrol sebanyak 20 responden. Dari hasil penelitian kelompok kasus sebagian besar 6 responden (60%) berusia 20-35 tahun, kelompok kontrol sebagian besar 12 responden (60%) dengan paritas 1, dan >4 anak, sebagian besar kontrol. kelompok 13 responden (63, 3%) memiliki tingkat pendidikan sedang, sebagian besar kelompok kasus 7 responden (70%) berpenghasilan kurang, hampir semua kelompok kasus 9 responden (90%) tidak memiliki riwayat eklampsia pada persalinan sebelumnya, dan kelompok kasus terbanyak adalah 7 responden. (70%) masuk melalui jalur rujukan, dan tidak ada hubungan antara faktor umur, paritas, pendidikan, pendapatan, riwayat kelahiran, rujukan dan penyakit penyerta dengan kejadian kematian akibat eklampsia. Saran bagi petugas kesehatan dapat memberikan pendidikan kesehatan dengan mendeteksi secara dini ibu yang mengalami preeklampsia agar eklampsia tidak menyebabkan kematian pada ibu dan dapat memberikan pelayanan sesuai kebutuhan agar permasalahan yang dialami pasien dapat segera tertangani sehingga pasien dan keluarga merasa puas dengan pelayanan yang diberikan. layanan yang diberikan diberikan.Kata Kunci: Ibu Bersalin, Eklampsia, Rumah Sakit Umum Dokter Soedarso
A COMPARISON STUDY ON THE RESISTANCE CALCULATION OF PLANNING BOAT
Authors: Khai Do Quang , Thu Quynh Nguyen Thi , Manh Chien Nguyen
Published: August 2021

Calculation of the resistance and trim of highspeed boat at planning regime is a complex hydrodynamic
problem. At the planning regime, with the aid of lifting
force, the boat is lifted over the water surface with high
trim angle. Many methods have been applied to calculate
the resistance and the trim of the high-speed boat at this
planning regime. This paper will study the two typical
methods, the first one is empirical method by Savitsky [1]
and the second one is the computational fluid dynamic
method (CFD). The calculation results of two methods are
compared with experimental results.
MESOPHASE AND GLASS FORMATION IN BINARY SYSTEMS CEASIUM AND BARIUM ALKANOATESMESOPHASE AND GLASS FORMATION IN BINARY SYSTEMS CEASIUM AND BARIUM ALKANOATES
Authors: Mirnaya Tatiana , Yaremchuk Galina , Bylina Denis
Published: August 2021

Phase equilibria in binary systems of individually non-mesomorphic components: propionates, isobutyrates, butyrates and valerates of cesium and barium at temperatures from 20 to 400 °C have been investigated by the me­thods of differential thermal analysis and polarization polythermal microscopy. In all systems, the formation of intermediate li­quid-crystalline solutions of smectic modification (type A) was established. The tempe­rature-concentration regions of the formation of ionic liquid crystals and glasses are determined. The studies carried out show that in binary systems of cesium and barium alkanoates interme­diate liquid-crystal solutions are generated due to the latent mesomorphism of the correspon­ding cesium alkanoate and due to the eutectic decrease in liquidus temperatures in the binary systems. The thermal stability of the induced mesophase in the case of systems of the consi­dered type is influenced by the following factors: the degree of ordering of the melt, which correlates with the length of the alkyl chain of the alkanoate anion, and a decrease in the temperatures of the liquidus line relative to the latent clearing temperature. The possible influence of compounds melting congruently or incongruently, formed in binary systems, should also be taken into account. Experimental data indicate the largest temperature-concentration range of the mesophase in the butyrate system, where there are the most favorable conditions for the implementation of intermediate li­quid crystal solutions. Such conditions are the lar­gest decrease in liquidus temperatures in a series of systems relative to the latent clearing point, as well as an additional increase in thermal stability due to the formation of a congruently melting compound of anisometric structure. In the case of the valerate system, a certain increase in anisotropy in comparison with the butyrate system is leveled by high liquidus temperatures; here is the narrowest region of existence of the intermediate mesophase due to its thermal destabilization.
Digital and Decentralized Management of Patient Data in Healthcare Using Blockchain Implementations
Authors: Westphal Erik , Seitz Hermann
Published: August 2021

Blockchain solutions offer efficient approaches for trustworthy data management, especially in the medical field when storing and processing sensitive patient data. Many institutional and industrial facilities have already recognized the importance of the technology for the health sector and have also formulated basic ideas, concepts and main use cases, but concrete implementations and executions are comparatively rare. This mini review examines current research on specific blockchain implementations in healthcare that go beyond the state of concept studies or theoretical implementation ideas and describes the most promising systems based on systematic literature research. The review shows that secure storage and easy access to complete patient data is becoming increasingly important. Blockchain technology can be used as a secure, transparent and digital way to meet these needs. Hybrid solutions consisting of conventional data storage and blockchain-based access management are increasingly being developed and implemented. The automation of blockchain processes through smart contracts is also recommended. The review further reveals ambiguities in the use of permissioned and permissionless blockchain frameworks, machine learning (ML) integration as well as the question of which data should be stored in the blockchain and how this should be viewed legally. Therefore, there is still a need for further research, especially on these aspects, in order to further establish the use of blockchains in healthcare.
High-Level Serum Fibroblast Growth Factor 21 Concentration Is Closely Associated With an Increased Risk of Cardiovascular Diseases: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Zhang Yucong , Yan Jinhua , Yang Ni , Qian Zonghao , Nie Hao , Yang Zhen , Yan Dan , Wei Xiuxian , Ruan Lei , Huang Yi , Zhang Cuntai , Zhang Le
Published: August 2021

Background: The association between fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk remains unclear. We conducted this systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate the association between FGF21 and CVDs, and relevant vascular parameters.

Methods: PubMed and Web of Science databases were systematically searched to identify relevant studies published before March 2021. The FGF21 concentration was compared between individuals with and without CVDs. The effect of FGF21 on CVD risk was assessed by using hazard ratio (HR) and odds ratio (OR). The association between FGF21 and vascular parameters was assessed by Pearson's r. Study quality was assessed using Newcastle–Ottawa Scale and Joanna Briggs Institution Checklist.

Results: A total of 29,156 individuals from 30 studies were included. Overall, the serum FGF21 concentration was significantly higher in CVD patients (p < 0.001), especially for coronary artery disease (CAD) (p < 0.001) and hypertension (p < 0.001). The pooled OR (p = 0.009) and HR (p < 0.001) showed that the risk of CVDs increased with FGF21. The linear association between FGF21 and vascular parameters, including pulse wave velocity (r = 0.32), carotid intima-media thickness (r = 0.21), ankle-brachial index (r = 0.33), systolic blood pressure (r = 0.13), and diastolic blood pressure (r = 0.05), was insignificant. The incidence of overall CVDs (p = 0.03) was significantly higher in individuals with higher FGF21 levels.

Conclusion: High-level serum FGF21 concentration is closely associated with an increased risk of CVDs, which may be independent of vascular parameters. A standard FGF21 classification threshold needs to be established before clinical use for CVD risk assessment.

Systematic Review Registration:https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?RecordID=241968, identifier: CRD42021241968.
Test of Designing and Manufacturing a Polyether Ether Ketone Endoprosthesis for Canine Extremities by 3D Printing
Authors: Mendaza-DeCal Rosa , Peso-Fernandez Salvador , Rodriguez-Quiros Jesus
Published: August 2021

Total limb amputation is quite common in small animals, although most of the indicated pathologies do not need such a restrictive procedure. Exo-endoprosthesis is a suggested alternative for the enhancement of the biomechanical situation of these patients. 3D printing of the internal part of exo-endoprostheses in polyether ether ketone (PEEK) is evaluated. Two different shapes of this internal part—one for radius’ and the other for cylindrical medullary cavities—were assessed. Proper PEEK temperature settings for 3D printing, the internal part of exo-endoprostheses, by fused filament fabrication (FFF) were obtained. Printing trials were carried out for different dimensions and printing orientation of these parts to achieve the best bone anchorage and thread strength outcomes. Pull-off strength tests for different surfaces of the internal part were performed with a best outcome for positive surfaces. All printed internal parts were inserted in canine tibiae and radii for an ex vivo assessment of bone anchorage and thread strength parameters. The best printing results were obtained at 410 and 130°C of the nozzle and bed temperatures, respectively. Also, a positive correlation was observed between the printing code, quality, and take-off time, while inverse correlation was shown between the take-off and the printing code, or quality, just like the print-bed temperature and the printing code. The positive surfaces had the best pull-off strength outcomes. Excellent bone anchorage and thread strength outcomes were obtained for one variant of each internal part shape. Designed devices had shown good threaded rod’s fitting inside the PEEK plug and perfect bone anchorage of the PEEK plug for tibiae and radii. In addition, iteration of manufacturing PEEK small devices by FFF technology has been shown due to small standard deviation of most variants.
Rapid and Laboratory SARS-CoV-2 Antibody Testing in High-Risk Hospital Associated Cohorts of Unknown COVID-19 Exposure, a Validation and Epidemiological Study After the First Wave of the Pandemic
Authors: O'Kelly Brendan , McLaughlin Ronan , O'Doherty Roseann , Carroll Hailey , Murray Roisin , Dilworth Rachel , Corkery Laura , Cotter Aoife G. , McGinty Tara , Muldoon Eavan G. , Cullen Walter , Avramovic Gordana , Sheehan Gerard , Sadlier Denise , Higgins Michaela , O'Gorman Peter , Doran Peter , Inzitari Rosanna , Holden Sinead , O'Meara Yvonne , Ennis Sean , Lambert John S.
Published: August 2021

Objective: We aimed to use SARS-CoV-2 antibody tests to assess the asymptomatic seroprevalence of individuals in high-risk hospital cohorts who's previous COVID-19 exposure is unknown; staff, and patients requiring haemodialysis or chemotherapy after the first wave.

Methods: In a single Center, study participants had five SARS-CoV-2 antibody tests done simultaneously; one rapid diagnostic test (RDT) (Superbio Colloidal Gold IgM/IgG), and four laboratory tests (Roche Elecsys® Anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG [RE], Abbott Architect i2000SR IgG [AAr], Abbott Alinity IgG [AAl], and Abbott Architect IgM CMIA). To determine seroprevalence, only positive test results on laboratory assay were considered true positives.

Results: There were 157 participants, of whom 103 (65.6%) were female with a median age of 50 years (range 19–90). The IgG component of the RDT showed a high number of false positives (n = 18), was inferior to the laboratory assays (p < 0.001 RDT vs. AAl/AAr, p < 0.001 RDT vs. RE), and had reduced specificity (85.5% vs. AAl/AAr, 87.2% vs. RE). Sero-concordance was 97.5% between IgG laboratory assays (RE vs. AAl/AAr). Specificity of the IgM component of the RDT compared to Abbott IgM CMIA was 95.4%. Ten participants had positivity in at least one laboratory assay, seven (9.9%) of which were seen in HCWs. Two (4.1%) hematology/oncology (H/O) patients and a single (2.7%) haemodialysis (HD) were asymptomatically seropositive. Asymptomatic seroprevalence of HCWs compared to patients was not significant (p = 0.105).

Conclusion: HCWs (9.9%) had higher, although non-significant asymptomatic seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies compared to high-risk patients (H/O 4.1%, HD 2.7%). An IgM/IgG rapid diagnostic test was inferior to laboratory assays. Sero-concordance of 97.5% was found between IgG laboratory assays, RE vs. AAl/AAr.
Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Extracts of Cordyceps sinensis: Chromatography-based Metabolite Profiling and Protective Efficacy Against Hypobaric Hypoxia
Authors: Mishra Jigni , Khan Washim , Ahmad Sayeed , Misra Kshipra
Published: August 2021

The toxicity and disposal concerns of organic solvents used in conventional extraction purposes has entailed the need for greener alternatives. Among such techniques, supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) has gained popularity by yielding extracts of high purity in a much faster manner. Carbon dioxide (CO2) is generally preferred as a supercritical solvent because of its lower temperature requirements, better diffusivity and easy removal. The present study describes the characterization of supercritical CO2 extracts of Indian variety of Cordyceps sinensis (CS)- a high-altitude medicinal mushroom widely revered in traditional medicine for its extensive anti-hypercholesterolemic, anti-inflammatory, anti-proliferative and energy-enhancing properties. Experimental parameters viz. 300 and 350 bar of extraction pressure, 60°C of temperature, 0.4°L/h CO2 of flow rate and use of 1% (v/v) of ethanol as entrainer were optimized to prepare three different extracts namely, CSF1, CSF2 and CSF3. High-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC) was used for assessing the quality of all the extracts in terms of cordycepin, the pivot biomarker compound in CS. Characterization by HPTLC and GC-MS confirmed the presence of flavonoids and nucleobases and, volatile organic compounds (VOCs), respectively. The chromatographic data acquired from metabolite profiling were subjected to chemometric analysis in an open source R studio which illustrated interrelatedness between CSF1 and CSF2 in terms of two major principal components. i.e. Dim 1 and Dim 2 whose values were 40.33 and 30.52% in variables factor map plotted using the HPTLC-generated retardation factor values. The factor maps based on retention times of the VOCs exhibited a variance of Dim 1 = 43.95% and Dim 2 = 24.85%. Furthermore, the extracts demonstrated appreciable antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhi by generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), protein leakage and efflux pump inhibition within bacterial pathogens. CSFs were elucidated to be significantly cytoprotective (p < 0.05) in a simulated hypobaric hypoxia milieu (0.5% oxygen). CSF2 showed the best results by effectively improving the viability of human embryonic kidney (HEK 293) cells to 82.36 ± 1.76% at an optimum dose of 100 µg/ml. Levels of hypoxia inducible factor-1 alpha (HIF-1α) were modulated four-fold upon supplementation with CSF2. The results collectively evinced that the CSF extracts are substantially bioactive and could be effectively utilized as mycotherapeutics for multiple bioeffects.
Distinctive Gut Microbiota in Patients with Overweight and Obesity with Dyslipidemia and its Responses to Long-term Orlistat and Ezetimibe Intervention: A Randomized Controlled Open-label Trial
Authors: Jin Jin , Cheng Ruyue , Ren Yan , Shen Xi , Wang Jiani , Xue Yigui , Zhang Huimin , Jia Xiuhua , Li Tingting , He Fang , Tian Haoming
Published: August 2021

This study investigated the gut microbiota and short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) characteristics of subjects with obesity from Xinjiang in northwestern China, a region with a multiethnic culture and characteristic lifestyle, and to explore the potential microbes that respond to a 12-wk medication of orlistat and ezetimibe with a randomized controlled open-label trial manner. The gut microbiota profile of patients with overweight and obesity with dyslipidemia in Xinjiang was distinctive and characterized by enrichment of Lactobacillus and the reduction of the diversity and the depletion of Actinobacteria, Bacteroides, Bifidobacterium, and Bacteroides fragilis. Prevotella-type, Gemmiger-type, and Escherichia/Shigella-type were the gut microbial patterns of the Xinjiang population. However, the fecal SCFAs levels and enterotypes were similar between healthy individuals and patients. These results indicated that the contribution of the gut microbiota to obesity was highly dependent on geography and dietary habits. Waist circumference, total triglyceride (TG), and fasting blood glucose (FBG) were significantly decreased after orlistat therapy, whereas TG, total cholesterol (TC), and low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) were significantly decreased by ezetimibe. Overall, the gut microbiota and their SCFAs metabolites were relatively stable after treatment with the two drugs, with alteration of some low-abundant bacteria, i.e., significantly increased Proteobacteria and decreased Alloprevotella after orlistat, and increased Fusobacteria and Fusobacterium after ezetimibe therapy. These results indicated that intestinal malabsorption of dietary fat and cholesterol caused by orlistat and ezetimibe had a limited effect on the overall gut microbial community and their metabolites. Nevertheless, significant correlations between several core microbes that responded to the medications and biochemical data were found; in particular, Actinomyces and Bacteroides were positively correlated with FBG after orlistat intervention, while Clostridium XVIII and Lachnospiracea incertae sedis were negatively correlated with TC and LDL-C after ezetimibe intervention, thus indicating their roles in improving glucolipid metabolism in obesity by acting as potential microbial targets.
Psychological Problems in a Sample of Jordanian Healthcare Workers Involved in Caring for Patients With COVID-19: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Alhalaiqa Fadwa Naji , Khalifeh Anas H. , Al Omari Omar , Yehia Dalal Bashier , Khalil Malek Mohammad Hassan
Published: August 2021

Purpose: To explore the psychological problems (stress, depression, and anxiety) and the level of resilience among frontline healthcare workers (HCWs) who provide care for patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Additionally, the current study identified the correlation among these problems, resilience, and demographics of participants. The study explored the main predictors of stress, depression, anxiety, and resilience.

Methods: Both the descriptive cross-sectional correlational design and convenience sample technique were used to collect data from active Jordanian HCWs who directly deal with patients suspected or confirmed to be infected with COVID-19 and work at healthcare facilities in Jordan. Data were collected by using online questionnaires about the demographics, stress, anxiety, depression, and resilience of the participants.

Results: Data were collected from 225 HCWs. Their mean age was 31.17 years (SD = 6.8). All the participants perceived different levels of stress, with most perceiving exposure to a high level of stress (distress) (46.2% with low level and 53.8% with high level of stress); approximately half of them (52.9%; n = 119) reported a high level of anxiety, and more than half (66.2%; n = 149) had a high level of depression. Additionally, an increased anxiety and depression level was significantly associated with the decreased resilience and increased stress level. Increased age and experience of HCWs are significantly correlated with increased stress levels. The participants having personal protection equipment (PPE) reduced anxiety and depression and increased resilience (p > 0.05). The predictors of the main variables were varied in the study.

Conclusion: Frontline HCWs involved in treating the patients with COVID-19 are liable to have a high level of stress that is associated with increased anxiety and depression levels. These high levels affect their mental well-being and resilience. Healthcare institutions in Jordan must tailor appropriate psychological interventions and support that are congruent with the needs of HCWs during and after caring for patients with COVID-19.
Porosity Evaluation of Concrete Containing Supplementary Cementitious Materials for Durability Assessment through Volume of Permeable Voids and Water Immersion Conditions
Authors: Kewalramani Manish , Khartabil Ahmad
Published: August 2021

Concrete containing supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs) as partial replacement of ordinary Portland cement is regarded as green and durable concrete, with several advantages such as improved strength gain mechanism, resistance to degradation and extended service life of structure. Water absorption or porosity of concrete is directly related to the durability of concrete. In this present study, five concrete mixes involving three different SCMs are investigated for water absorption and rapid chloride penetration rating. A comparison between porosity values obtained using four standard testing methods, i.e., BS 1881-122, RILEM CPC 11.1, RILEM CPC 11.3, and ASTM C642 are presented for three different concrete mixes containing varied compositions and proportions of two SCMs. The testing method by RILEM CPC 11.3 includes distinctive sample preparation and is regarded as a stringent method to represent the degree of concrete porosity. Two additional concrete mixes with three SCMs are further investigated for their water absorption and immersion following the testing method by RILEM CPC 11.3. The impact of SCMs on concrete porosity is discussed. A linear correlation between porosity and rapid chloride penetration (RCP) ratings obtained as per ASTM C1202-19 on specimens of all investigated concrete mixes is proposed as a rapid approach to assess chloride penetration of concrete specimens containing SCMs.
The Importance of Parents’ Income and Education Level in Relation to Their Preschool Children’s Activity Level at Leisure
Authors: Malmo Oda , Kippe Karin , Lagestad Pål
Published: August 2021

Previous research indicate that socioeconomic status positively corresponds with adults’ and adolescents’ physical activity levels. This study investigated the relationship between parents’ education and income, and preschool children’s physical activity level. A total of 244 Norwegian preschool children aged four to six and their parents were enrolled in the study. The children wore an Actigraph GT1M accelerometer for seven consecutive days to measure their physical activity level. Parents completed a questionnaire that provided information about their education level and income level. To examine the relationship between the parents’ education and income and their children’s physical activity level at leisure, the Kruskal-Wallis H test was conducted. The results revealed that neither mothers’ nor fathers’ education level or income, were associated with their children’s minutes in moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) at leisure. The preschool curriculum of Norway may be one explanation why socioeconomic status was not linked to physical activity in this study. Another possibility is that this study was limited to full-time students with two parents. More research is needed to determine whether parent income or education is linked to physical activity among more diverse or older children in Norway.
The Ring-LWE Problem in Lattice-Based Cryptography: The Case of Twisted Embeddings
Authors: Ortiz Jheyne N. , de Araujo Robson R. , Aranha Diego F. , Costa Sueli I. R. , Dahab Ricardo
Published: August 2021

Several works have characterized weak instances of the Ring-LWE problem by exploring vulnerabilities arising from the use of algebraic structures. Although these weak instances are not addressed by worst-case hardness theorems, enabling other ring instantiations enlarges the scope of possible applications and favors the diversification of security assumptions. In this work, we extend the Ring-LWE problem in lattice-based cryptography to include algebraic lattices, realized through twisted embeddings. We define the class of problems Twisted Ring-LWE, which replaces the canonical embedding by an extended form. By doing so, we allow the Ring-LWE problem to be used over maximal real subfields of cyclotomic number fields. We prove that Twisted Ring-LWE is secure by providing a security reduction from Ring-LWE to Twisted Ring-LWE in both search and decision forms. It is also shown that the twist factor does not affect the asymptotic approximation factors in the worst-case to average-case reductions. Thus, Twisted Ring-LWE maintains the consolidated hardness guarantee of Ring-LWE and increases the existing scope of algebraic lattices that can be considered for cryptographic applications. Additionally, we expand on the results of Ducas and Durmus (Public-Key Cryptography, 2012) on spherical Gaussian distributions to the proposed class of lattices under certain restrictions. As a result, sampling from a spherical Gaussian distribution can be done directly in the respective number field while maintaining its format and standard deviation when seen in Zn via twisted embeddings.
Applying Criteria Equations in Studying the Energy Efficiency of Pump Systems
Authors: Popov Gencho , Legutko Stanislaw , Klimentov Kliment , Kostov Boris
Published: August 2021

This paper presents a method for evaluating the energy efficiency of pump systems used to transport fluids .It is mainly scientifically applied and engineering-applied in nature and aims to propose a new approach (method) to researchers in their study of the energy efficiency of such systems. By applying the well-known scientific method of Dimensional Analysis (Buckingham π-theorem), dimensionless complexes (π-criterions and their relevant equations, which are original (innovative) and are offered for the first time in the scientific literature), used in accomplishing an energy assessment and analysis of such systems, are obtained. The criterion ∏1 = ev/ρgD represents specific energy consumption in kWh/m3 for a given pipe system with an exemplary diameter D. The criterion ∏2 = Q/[n(Hp − Hst)D2] represents a generalized parameter which is characterized by the selected method of flow rate (Q) regulation for a pump system with given static head Hst—by changing the speed of rotation (VFD, Variable Frequency Drive), by throttling, leading to an increase of the system hydraulic losses hv = (HpHst) or by diverting a part of the flow, known as “by-pass”, where the pump operates with the required system head Hp, but ensures higher flow rates, i.e., Qp > Qs. The flow rate criterion ∏3 = Q/(νD) characterizes the flow rate for a pipe system with an exemplary diameter D, used to transport a liquid with known viscosity ν. An example for applying these dimensionless complexes in accomplishing a quantitative evaluation of the energy efficiency of a given pump system is presented. A method for determining the main parameters forming these criterions, used to describe the different methods of flow rate regulation, has been developed. To demonstrate the application of this method, newly proposed by the authors, including obtaining the relevant criteria equations of the type ∏1 = f(∏2, ∏3), a certain pump system was used. This original approach for studying pump systems used to transport fluids can be used both to accomplish an energy analysis of such systems as well as to solve for optimization or other engineering problems.
Sustainable Intelligent Charging Infrastructure for Electrification of Transportation
Authors: Paniyil Prahaladh , Powar Vishwas , Singh Rajendra
Published: August 2021

For sustainable electrification of surface transportation, a viable charging infrastructure is necessary. Firstly, this paper focuses on emphasizing the viability of a free fuel-based photovoltaics and/or wind turbines and lithium-ion battery-based power network to enable sustainable electric power. The importance of power electronics for a DC-based power network and extremely fast charger based on DC power is presented. Finally, the core design concepts of intelligent charging infrastructure using an intelligent energy management system are discussed. The paper aims to cover all aspects associated with a clean, reliable, efficient, and cost-effective solution to the novel charging infrastructure.
Online SOC Estimation Based on Simplified Electrochemical Model for Lithium-Ion Batteries Considering Current Bias
Authors: Wu Longxing , Liu Kai , Pang Hui , Jin Jiamin
Published: August 2021

State of Charge (SOC) is essential for a smart Battery Management System (BMS). Traditional SOC estimation methods of lithium-ion batteries are usually conducted using battery equivalent circuit models (ECMs) and the impact of current sensor bias on SOC estimation is rarely considered. For this reason, this paper proposes an online SOC estimation based on a simplified electrochemical model (EM) for lithium-ion batteries considering sensor bias. In EM-based SOC estimation structure, the errors from the current sensor bias are addressed by proportional–integral observer. Then, the accuracy of the proposed EM-based SOC estimation is validated under different operating conditions. The results indicate that the proposed method has good performance and high accuracy in SOC estimation for lithium-ion batteries, which facilitates the on-board application in advanced BMS.