bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of A Breastfeeding Promotion Film Among A Racially Minoritized Sample
Authors: Blackman Kacie C.A. , Slama Derek S. , Pickering Trevor A. , Russell Aqueelah , Valentine Wenonah , Merchant Meridith A. , Saetermoe Carrie
Published: November 2021

Background: In Los Angeles County (LAC), disparities in breastfeeding rates vary by race and region. Black persons are more affected by social and environmental factors than other racial/ethnic groups, leading to lower breast/chestfeeding rates. This study aims to evaluate the community’s knowledge, perceptions, experiences, barriers, and solutions regarding breast/chestfeeding among Black persons. Methods: Participant responses were collected anonymously through an online survey (via QR code) pre-and post-viewing with open- and closed-ended questions. There were 15 pre-screening questions and 24 post-screening questions. Questions included four main areas in breast/chestfeeding: current/past experiences, support, awareness of laws, and solutions. Central tendency, variance, and paired differences were calculated from evaluation responses. Results: There were 185 participants who completed the pre-screening evaluation and 57 participants who completed the post-screening evaluation. Racial/ethnic differences were found for stated reasons for attendance, and perceptions of breastfeeding being challenging after viewing the video. Most participants felt the video was relevant (median response = “2-relevant”; IQR = “3-neutral”, “1-very relevant”), learned something new (81.4%) and knew how to access breast/chestfeeding support after viewing the video (93.2%). Conclusions: Current media is a way to alter perceptions and opinions, and provides information. Additionally, it can be a way of increasing awareness of issues that Black breast/chestfeeding persons encounter. Strategic marketing efforts for future film screenings may increase attendance from those that can gain insight into breast/chestfeeding support (youth/young adults and males). Supportive breast/chestfeeding environments can also be a reality with a readily accessible, unified, and encouraging personal and professional networks.
Marine Subsidies Produce Cactus Forests on Desert Islands
Authors: Wilder Benjamin , Becker Amanda , Dettman David
Published: November 2021

Marine nutrient subsidies can shape terrestrial plant biodiversity. In island systems, nitrogen-rich seabird guano is a large component of such marine subsidies. In zones of nutrient upwelling such as the Gulf of California, copious seabird guano is commonplace on bird islands. Several bird islands host regionally unique cactus forests, especially of the large columnar cactus, cardón (Pachycereus pringlei). We propose that a chain of interactions across the land-sea interface yields an allochthonous input of nitrogen in the form of seabird guano, fueling the production of some of the densest cactus populations in the world. Fish, seabird, guano, soil, and cactus samples were taken from Isla San Pedro Mártir for nitrogen stable isotope ratio measurements, which were compared to soil and cactus samples from other seabird and non-seabird Gulf islands and terrestrial ecosystems throughout the range of the cardón. Isla San Pedro Mártir δ15N values of the food/nutrient cycle are distinctively high, ranging from fish +17.7, seabird +19.7, guano +14.8, soil +34.3 and cactus +30.3. These δ15N values are among the highest ever reported for plants. Seabird island soil and cactus δ15N values were consistently enriched relative to mainland and non-bird islands. Our findings demonstrate that seabird mediated marine nutrient deposits provide the source for solubilized N on desert islands, which stimulate terrestrial plant production in the cardón cactus significantly beyond that seen in either mainland ecosystems or non-seabird islands. These results elucidate the integral nature of nutrient movement across the land-sea interface.
Modeling of Casting Technology of Large-Sized Ingots from Deformable Aluminum Alloys
Authors: Bezrukikh Aleksandr Innokentyevich , Baranov Vladimir Nikolaevich , Konstantinov Igor Lazarevich , Sidelnikov Sergey Borisovich , Iliin Aleksey Aleksandrovich , Zavizin Anton Viktorovich , Bondarenko Dmitriy Nikolaevich , Kulikov Boris Petrovich , Yuryev Pavel Olegovich , Voroshilov Denis Sergeevich , Baykovskiy Yuriy Viktorovich , Partyko Evgeniy Gennadyevich , Mansurov Yulbarskhon Nabievich
Published: November 2021

Industrial technology has been developed for the semi-continuous casting of large-sized ingots from deformable aluminum alloys through the use of complex modeling, including computer modeling and physical modeling. The ProCAST and ANSYS software packages equipped with the FLUENT module were used for computer modeling. The physical modeling was carried out on a laboratory semi-continuous casting unit (SCCU), which represents a tenfold reduced physical model of an industrial casting unit for the vertical semi-continuous casting of ingots from aluminum alloys. An aluminum-magnesium alloy with the addition of 0.05% (wt.) of scandium was used as the object of modeling. The results of computer modeling were tested at the SCCU, and then computer modeling was carried out for casting a large ingot. According to the modes obtained in the simulation, an ingot with a section of 1310×560 mm was cast under industrial conditions, which had a good surface quality with the absence of casting defects. In the microstructure of an industrial ingot and an ingot cast on the SCCU, there were no primary intermetallic compounds Al3(Sc, Zr), which makes it possible to strengthen the alloy upon annealing. To check the manufacturability during rolling, billets with a size of 40×120×170 mm were cut from these ingots, which were hot-rolled to a thickness of 5 mm, and then cold rolled to a thickness of 1 mm. The rolling results revealed good workability of the alloy, which was reflected in the high quality of the surface and the absence of cracks at the edges of the rolled stock. The mechanical properties of sheets obtained from both ingots were at the same level, which proves the reliability of casting modes for ingots obtained by complex modeling and the validity of their use for industrial conditions of the semi-continuous casting of large ingots from aluminum alloys.
TV Networks for College Sports: Implications for Institutional Subsidies
Authors: Delaney Jennifer A. , Kearney Tyler D.
Published: November 2021

University athletics because of its reporting structure, regulation by the NCAA, and relationship to the academic enterprise of institutions, provides a unique look into postsecondary institutional behavior. Using a difference-in-difference design, this study tests the introduction of new television networks dedicated to college sports on institutional subsidy levels for athletics. Overall, our findings show that institutions are responsive to the introduction of new college-sports-dedicated television networks. When considering institutions in the Power Five athletic conferences, we find an average decline in subsidy levels of approximately $1.2 million. When considering different types of subsidies, we find significant declines in direct subsidies and student fees, but no significant change for indirect subsidies.
Effects of Non-Essential Protein On D-Glucose to Control Diabetes: DFT Approach
Authors: Tiwary Shreya , Kumar Hemant , Verma Mohan L , Pateria Deepti
Published: November 2021

Diabetes is a disease found in every 1 out of 4 people in the world. The glucose molecule is one of the sources of energy in the body and the lack of the digestion of glucose causes diabetes type 1 and type 2. Arginine and Cysteine is a nonessential amino acid that contains sulfur and help to maintain the metabolisms of humans. We explored the Glucose-Arginine (Glc-arg) and Glucose-Cysteine (Glc-cys) molecules by finding their structural properties, electronic properties, chemical reactivity, mechanical strength and transport properties because these non-essential amino acids molecules inhibit glucose-stimulated insulin secretion. Density functional theory (DFT) have been implemented to study all the properties of Glc-arg and Glc-cys using SIESTA software. Glucose-Arginine (Glc-arg) inhibits a large percentage of glucose secretion and shows high chemical reactivity.
A New Infodemiological Approach Through Google Trends: Longitudinal Analysis of COVID-19 Scientific and Infodemic Names in Italy
Authors: Rovetta Alessandro , Castaldo Lucia
Published: November 2021

COVID-19 has been classified by the scientific community as the worst pandemic in human history. The damage caused by the new disease was direct (e.g., deaths) and indirect (e.g., closure of economic activities). Within the latter category, we find infodemic phenomena such as the adoption of generic and stigmatizing names used to identify COVID-19 and the related novel coronavirus 2019 variants. These monikers have fostered the spread of health disinformation and misinformation, and fomented racism and segregation towards the Chinese population. In this regard, we present a comprehensive infodemiological picture of Italy from the epidemic outbreak in December 2019 until September 2021. In particular, we propose a new procedure to examine in detail the web interest of users in scientific and infodemic monikers linked to the identification of COVID-19. To do this, we exploited the online tool Google Trends. Our findings reveal the widespread use of multiple COVID-19-related names not considered in the previous literature, as well as a persistent trend in the adoption of stigmatizing and generic terms. Inappropriate names for cataloging novel coronavirus 2019 variants of concern have even been adopted by national health agencies. Furthermore, we also showed that early denominations influenced user behavior for a long time and were difficult to replace. For these reasons, we suggest that the assignments of scientific names to new diseases are more timely and advise against mass media and international health authorities using terms linked to the geographical origin of the novel coronavirus 2019 variants.
Ultrasonic Extraction of Bioactive Compounds From Green Soybean Pods and Application in Green Soybean Milk Antioxidants Fortification
Authors: Leksawasdi Noppol , Taesuwan Siraphat , Prommajak Trakul , Techapun Charin , Khonchaisri Rattanaporn , Sittilop Nattha , Halee Anek , Jantanasakulwong Kittisak , Phongthai Suphat , Nunta Rojarej , Kiadtiyot Maneerat , Saefung Arisa , Khemacheewakul Julaluk
Published: November 2021

Green soybean (Glycine max L.) pods (GSP) are agro-industrial waste from the production of frozen green soybean and milk. These pods contain natural antioxidants and various bioactive compounds that are still underutilized. Polyphenols and flavonoids in GSP were extracted by ultrasound techniques and used in antioxidant fortification of green soybean milk. The ultrasound extraction that yielded the highest total polyphenol content was 50% amplitude for 10 min, whereas maximum flavonoids content was obtained at 50% amplitude for 15 min. Radical scavenging activity assayed by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl radical (DPPH) and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) methods did not differ significantly (p>0.05) between the two conditions. Response surface methodology was applied to analyze an optimum ultrasonic-assisted extraction (UAE) condition of these variables. The highest desirability was found to be 50% amplitude with extraction time of 12.5 min. Fortification of the GSP extracts (1-3% v/v) in green soybean milk resulted in higher levels of bioactive compounds and antioxidant activity in a dose-dependent manner. Procyanidins were found to be the main polyphenols in dried GSP which were present at the concentration of 104.1 ± 2.1 mg/g dry sample, respectively. Addition of GSP extracts obtained by using an ultrasound technique to green soybean milk increased its bioactive compound content especially procyanidins as well as its antioxidant activity.
Isolation and optimization of a glyphosate-degrading Rhodococcus soli G41 for bioremediation
Authors: Nguyen Tuan Ngoc , Vo Van Tam , Nguyen Phong The Hong , Kiefer Rudolf
Published: November 2021

A widely used herbicide for controlling weeds, glyphosate, is causing environmental pollution. It is necessary to remove it from environment using a cost-effective and eco-friendly method. The aims of this study were to isolate glyphosate-degrading bacteria and to optimize their degradative conditions required for bioremediation. Sixteen bacterial strains were isolated through enrichment and one strain, Rhodococcus soli G41, demonstrated a high removal rate of glyphosate than other strains. Response surface methodology was employed G41 strain to optimize distinct environmental factors on glyphosate degradation of G41 strain. The optimal conditions for the maximum glyphosate degradation were found to have the NH4Cl concentration of 0.663% and glyphosate concentration of 0.115%. Degradation analysis showed 47.1% of glyphosate in soil was degraded by G41 strain after 14 days. The presence of soxB gene in G41 strain indicates that the glyphosate is degraded via the eco-friendly sarcosine pathway. The results indicated that G41 strain has the potential to serve as an in-situ candidate for bioremediation of glyphosate polluted environments.
Community-level Mental Health and Psychosocial Support During Armed Conflict: A Cohort Study from the Democratic Republic of Congo, Mali and Nigeria
Authors: Andersen Ida , Rossi Rodolfo , Hubloue Ives
Published: November 2021

Introduction: Community-level mental health and psychosocial support (MHPSS) was the first type of MHPSS program launched by the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) back in 2004. Standardized beneficiary-level monitoring was put in place in late 2018. This is the first study to explore whether this type of program correlates, as intended, with reduced psychological distress and increased daily functioning.Methods: Between December 2018 and June 2020, 6,413 victims of violence received MHPSS through 32 community-level projects in the Democratic Republic of Congo, Mali and Nigeria. Symptoms of psychological distress (IES-R or DASS21) and daily functioning (ICRC scale) were assessed before and after the intervention and logistical regression models were used to identify predictors of these symptoms. Results: The most predominant perpetrators were weapon-bearers (76%) and the most common type of violence was rape (46%). Victims of violence committed by weapon-bearers were more likely to show high levels of anxiety prior to MHPSS (aOR 3.51; p<0.0001). Also, victims of physical violence were more likely to show high levels of stress (aOR 1.49; p<0.0001) whereas victims who had witnessed physical violence were more like to report high levels of depression (aOR 2.54; <0.0001). Lack of social support stood out as a predictor of both high anxiety (aOR 2.10; p<0.0001) and post-traumatic stress (aOR 2.04; p<0.0001) prior to MHPSS. Following MHPSS, the vast majority of beneficiaries reported a reduction in distress on the DASS21 (96.58%) and the IES-R scales (92.70%) as well as an increase of functioning (82.26%). Adherence to group therapy (7 sessions on average) was stronger than individual therapy (4 sessions on average). A linear trend was found between length of treatment and likelihood of reporting reduced symptoms of depression. Having suffered destruction or loss of property or income was predicted less improvement of functioning following MHPSS (aOR 0.90; p=0.044). Conclusion: Community-level MHPSS is associated with increased well-being among the vast majority of beneficiaries. To further increase intended health outcomes, it is recommended to increase the number of sessions per beneficiary and address, where relevant, the financial consequences of violence. Also, a longitudinal study is recommended to assess the longer-term changes in symptoms.
Fast Sheath-driven Electrothermal Artificial Muscles with High Power Densities
Authors: Hu Xinghao , Jia Jingjing , Wang Yingming , Tang Xintian , Fang Shaoli , Wang Yilun , Wang Jian , Baughman Ray , Ding Jian-Ning
Published: November 2021

Electrothermal carbon nanotube (CNT) yarn muscles can provide large strokes during heating-cooling cycles. However, the slow cooling rate of thermal muscles limit their applications, since large diameter prior-art thermal muscles cannot be rapidly cycled. We here report an ultrafast thermally powered sheath-driven yarn muscle that uses a hybrid CNT sheath and an inexpensive polymer core. Our coiled muscle contracts 14.3% at 1 Hz and 7.3% at 8 Hz in air when powered by a square-wave electrical voltage input. The 70-mm-diameter actuated muscle cools in air to 16℃ from 150℃ within 0.5 s, compared with 6 s for a 65-mm-diameter sheath-run muscle that uses an electrothermally heated CNT core and 9 s for a 78-mm-diameter muscle that uses the sheath material for the entire muscle. An average power density of 12 kW/kg was obtained for a sheath-driven muscle, which is 42 times that for human skeletal muscle. This high performance results since the heating that drives fast actuation cycles is largely restricted to the muscle sheath, and this sheath is in direct contact with ambient temperature air.
AKT-mTOR Signaling-Mediated Rescue of PRKAG2 R302Q Mutant-Induced Familial Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy by Treatment with β-AR Blocker Metoprolol
Authors: Zhuo Jian , Geng Haihua , Yao Lihong , Wu Xiaohui , Fan Mengkang , Sheng Hongzhuan , Yao Jian
Published: November 2021

PRKAG2 cardiac syndrome, as a common form of metabolic hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) caused by mutations in PRKAG2 gene, often shows myocardial hypertrophy and abnormal glycogen deposition in cardiomyocytes. However, it remains incurable due to lacking of a management guideline for treatment. Herein, a β1-AR blocker Metoprolol was applied to 5 patients with PRKAG2 cardiac syndrome identified from a PRKAG2 R302Q mutant family, resulting in significantly postponed progression of cardiac hypertrophy. Overexpression of PRKAG2 R302Q in primary cardiomyocytes increased the activity of AMPK, induced cellular hypertrophy and glycogen storage, and promoted the phosphorylation levels of AKT-mTOR signaling. Application of either β1-AR blocker metoprolol or protein kinase A (PKA) inhibitor H89 to the cardiomyocytes rescued the HCM-like phenotypes induced by PRKAG2 R302Q, including suppression of both AKT-mTOR phosphorylation and AMPK activity. In conclusion, the current study not only determined the mechanism regulating HCM induced by PRKAG2 R302Q mutant, but also demonstrated a therapeutic strategy using β1-AR blocker to treat the patients with PRKAG2 cardiac syndrome.
Navigating communication between Conventional Medicine and Traditional Chinese Medicine: A case study of cancer patients in Hong Kong
Authors: Pun Jack , Wong Wendy
Published: November 2021

Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) is a growing phenomenon around the world. However, despite its historical role in Chinese society, there has been limited research exploring the nature of communication around cancer patients who receive TCM care in additional to conventional medicine. If TCM practitioners with adequate knowledge in understanding the needs and communication issues around patients with cancer, particularly those who simultaneously receive conventional medicine, it will lead to a better quality of care and result in better clinical outcomes such as high patient satisfaction and compliance with treatments.Objectives: To fill in this gap, this study aims to explore the nature of the communication amongst cancer patients in Hong Kong who receive TCM treatment in addition to conventional medicine.Participants: Twenty patients, 5 oncologists and 5 TCM practitioners were invited to conduct in-depth interviews to elicit their views towards their TCM treatment.Method: A qualitative approach called Interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA) is adopted.Results: Based on the themes that emerged from the interview transcripts, we outline the priorities of communication when dealing with cancer patients who receive both TCM and conventional medicine. A framework was developed to assist training TCM practitioners to better integrate their patients' conventional medical history when delivering patient care. Conclusions: The findings of this study can shed light to inform priorities in communication when caring for patients who opt for TCM care in addition to conventional treatments, and to provide useful information for developing future clinical research of providing integrated approach between TCM and conventional medicine in treating cancer patients.
Identification and Profiling of Microbial Community from Industrial Sludge
Authors: Sharma Pooja , Singh Surendra Pratap
Published: November 2021

This study aims to identify microbial communities and their taxonomical profiling basis of order, species, genus, family, and class at the level in the sludge of pulp and paper industry. Studies showed dominant phyla in 16S rDNA Illumina Miseq analysis inside sludge were Anaerolinea, Pseudomonas, Clostridia, Bacteriodia, Gammaproteobacteria, Spirochetia, Deltaproteobacteria, Spirochaetaceae, Prolixibacteraceae and some unknown microbial strains are also dominant. The results of metabarcoding of the V3-V4 16S rRNA regions acquired from paired-end Illumina MiSeq sequencing were used to analyze bacterial communities and structure. Microorganisms can produce a vast variety of secondary metabolites, all of which are playing a crucial in biogeochemical cycle processes. The present work demonstrates the potential approach to sludge treatment in the open environment via the naturally adapted microorganism, which could be an essential addition to the disposal site. In summary, these investigations indicate that the indigenous microbial community is an acceptable bioresource for remediation or detoxification following secondary treatment. This research aims at understanding the structure of microbial communities and their taxonomic diversity (%) in highly contaminated sludge to perform in-situ bioremediation.
Respiratory Rehabilitation Does not Prevent Post-Pperative Pulmonary Complications, Morbidity and Mortality After Esophagectomy.- A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
Authors: VASAVADA BHAVIN , patel Hardik
Published: November 2021

Aim: The analysis aimed to study the effect of preoperative pulmonary rehabilitation on post-operative pulmonary complications, overall morbidity, and mortality after esophagectomy.Methods: The study was conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement (2020) and MOOSE guidelines. The meta-analysis was done using Review Manager 5.4. We compared postoperative pneumonia, postoperative pulmonary complications, morbidity, and mortality between the preoperative respiratory group vs. no prehabilitation group. Heterogeneity was evaluated using the I2 test. The random-effect model was used with I2 was more than 25% otherwise fixed-effect model was used. I2 less than 25%, 25-50%, and more than 50% were taken as low, moderate, or high heterogeneity.Results: Seven studies consisting of. 606 patients were included in the analysis. 322 patients in the respiratory prehabilitation group and 284 in the control group. There was no statistically significant difference in postoperative pneumonia (p=0.11), post-operative pulmonary complications (p= 0.09), All cause morbidity and mortality. (p=0.98, and 0.30 respectively). However, heterogeneity was moderate to high in most analyses.Conclusion: There is no conclusive evidence as of now regarding the benefits of preoperative pulmonary rehabilitation in esophagectomy. However, further studies are needed to confirm it.
Phenanthrene-Enriched Extract from Eulophia Macrobulbon Using Subcritical Dimethyl Ether for Phosphodiesterase-5A1 Inhibition
Authors: Srivi Jukkarin , Boonnoun Panatpong , Saesong Tongchai , Pingyoda Chitaporn , Chaichamnong Nattiya , Engsuwan Jinutda , Temkitthawon Prapapan , Scholfield C. Norman , Nuengchamnong Nitra , Khorana Nantaka , Ingkaninan Kornkanok
Published: November 2021

Eulophia macrobulbon (E.C.Parish & Rchb.f.) Hook.f. contains a natural PDE5A1 inhibitor, the phenanthrene, 1-(4'-hydroxybenzyl)-4,8- dimethoxyphenanthrene-2,7-diol (HDP) a potential treatment for erectile dysfunction. This investigation aimed to improve extraction efficiency of HDP from E. macrobulbon by using greener extraction methodology, subcritical fluid dimethyl ether extraction (sDME) rather than classical solvent extraction (CSE) and ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE). The efficiency and quality of obtained extracts were evaluated by: %process yield; solvent amount; extraction period; temperature; %HDP content by LC-MS assay, bioactivity as inhibition of phosphodiesterase-5A1 (PDE5A1) by radio-enzymatic assay; and chemical profiles by LC-QTOF-MS analysis. sDME yielded the highest content of HDP in the extract at 4.47%, much higher than using ethanol (0.4-0.5%), ethyl acetate (1.2-1.7%), or dichloromethane (0.7-1.4%). Process yield for sDME (1.5-2.7%) was similar or less than that observed with other solvents (0.9-17%), but providing that process yield is not prohibitively low, concentration is a more important metric for clinical application. Optimal sDME extraction conditions were: extraction period, 40 mins; 200% water as a cosolvent; sample-to-solvent ratio of 1:8; temperature, 35°C. Phenanthrene aglycone and glycoside derivatives were major constituents in sDME extracts and lesser amounts of phenolic compounds and sugars. Inhibition of PDE5A1 by sDME (IC50 0.67±0.22 µg/mL) was 10-fold more potent than the ethanolic extract and other extraction methods, suggesting a high likelihood of clinical efficacy. Thus, sDME was more efficient, faster, solvent-sparing, greener extraction methodology and more selective for phenanthrene when extracted from E. macrobulbon.
Cacoepy (bad pronunciation or mispronunciation) of scientific terms and their effect on learning of secondary level science students
Authors: Rasheed Arsalan , Awan Anita
Published: November 2021

This research investigates cacoepy of science terminology encountered by the secondary level school students of Kohat district. The problem of cacoepy of scientific terms needs investigation due to the assumption that mispronunciations if learned in secondary level were still frequently performed by the advanced level students or may be throughout their life. The current research was designed in order to identify the cacoepy of common science terminologies by secondary school students and to study the science teachers’ views on secondary level science textbooks produced by the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Textbook board. It was found that majority of the students like science subjects and find the terminologies difficult in which most of the terms contain more than 7 alphabets and were considered as complex terms. Due to this complexity, students feel difficulty in learning of scientific terms. Most of science terms were derived from Greek, Latin and other ancient languages, so students cannot understand their meanings. Almost every chapter of secondary school biology, chemistry and physics is overloaded with difficult terms and students felt difficulty in preparation of those subjects in which mostly difficult terms were found in biology. Mostly science teachers emphasize goals for school science that are directed only toward preparing students for the next academic level (for further formal study of science) and finishing his course within session ignoring the students` pronunciation of scientific terminologies. It is recommended that authors should use simple terms and avoid terms containing more than 7 alphabets. It is important to expose the students of secondary level to such a workload which is appropriate for their studying needs instead of annual books`s revision and insertion of high workload. Teachers should insert few terms into science lessons for practising daily, and it is enough to devote a minute or two to some pronunciation issue so that fluency during lecture is not interrupted a lot. Pointing out a pronunciation problem when it has just arisen in the course is a good way of introducing correct pronunciation into the class. English plays an important part in the development of students because of its present and future as an international language. Real life activities or examples should be associated with important topics. Textbooks should be altered for language of explanation to match the level of students in secondary schools in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, and some outdated themes should be replaced with new themes to meet the needs of the 21st century. It is suggested that the textbook board in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa should include the urdu phonology and meaning of the found terminologies at the start of each chapter.
Detection of child abuse on computed tomography imaging due to presence of severe caries: A case report
Authors: tokue hiroyuki , Tokue Azusa , Tsushima Yoshito
Published: November 2021

Background: Child abuse can result from physical, verbal, or sexual harm. While child abuse often involves an action that harms the child, inaction, such as neglect, can also cause harm.Case presentation: We present a case in which child abuse was detected through computed tomography imaging findings of severe dental caries. This case was a 5-year-old girl who fell down the stairs and hit her head. The computed tomography of her head showed no abnormalities; however, severe dental caries was detected. The mother’s incomplete history and inadequate explanation of injuries further made us suspect abuse. A whole-body computed tomography was conducted for child abuse screening, which showed an unnatural fracture in the left arm. Through these imaging findings, we were able to identify and help a victim of child abuse.Conclusions: Physicians should be aware that severe dental caries may be a sign of child abuse.
Electrical Transport and Fluctuation Processes in NbRe and NbReN Ultrathin Films for Superconducting Electronics Applications
Authors: Barone Carlo , Cirillo Carla , Carapella Giovanni , Granata Veronica , Santoro Daniele , Attanasio Carmine , Pagano Sergio
Published: November 2021

NbRe-based superconducting thin films recently received relevant interest in the field of low-temperature electronics. However, for these materials the electrical conduction mechanisms, in particular in the normal state, still need to be investigated in more detail. Here, NbRe and NbReN films of different thicknesses have been deposited on two different substrates, namely monocrystalline Si and SiO2 buffered Si. The films were characterized by DC electrical transport measurements. Moreover, a connection with the charge carriers fluctuation processes has been made by analyzing the electrical noise generated in the normal state region. Despite the films morphology seems not to be affected by the substrate used, a lower noise level has been found for the ones grown on SiO2, in particular for NbReN. From this study it emerges that both NbRe and NbReN ultrathin films are of very good quality, as far as the low-temperature electrical noise and conduction are concerned, with noise levels competitive with NbN. These results may further support the proposal of using these materials in a nanowire form in the field of superconducting electronics.
Factors associated with a malaria outbreak at Tongogara Refugee Camp in Chipinge District, Zimbabwe, 2021: A case-control study
Authors: Takarinda Kudzai Patience , Nyadundu Simon , Govha Emmanuel , Chadambuka Addmore , Gombe Notion Tafara , Juru Tsitsi Patience , Tshimanga Mufuta
Published: November 2021

BackgroundMalaria is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality among forcibly displaced populations including refugees, approximately two-thirds of whom reside in malaria endemic regions. Data from the rapid disease notification system (RDNS) reports for Manicaland Province in Zimbabwe showed that despite implementation of malaria control initiatives, there was an increase in number of malaria cases above action thresholds at Tongogara Refugee Camp in Chipinge District during weeks 12-14. We investigated the malaria outbreak describing the outbreak by person, place and time, assessing malaria emergency preparedness and response and appropriateness of case management. We also determined the factors associated with contracting malaria to enable the formulation of appropriate interventions, establish control and prevent future malaria outbreaks among this vulnerable population.MethodsWe conducted a 1:1 unmatched case control study involving 80 cases and 80 controls using interviewer-administered questionnaires at household level. Data was entered using Epi Data version 3.1 and analyzed using Epi InfoTM version 7.2.4 to generate medians, proportions, odds ratios and their 95% confidence intervals.ResultsMalaria cases were distributed throughout the 10 residential sections within Tongogara Refugee Camp, the majority being from section 7, 28/80 (35%). Despite constituting 11% of the total population, Mozambican nationals accounted for 36/80 (45%) cases. Males constituted 47/80 (59%) among cases versus controls 43/80 (54%), p=0.524. Median age for cases was also lower compared to controls; 15 years [Interquartile range (IQR), 9-26] versus 17 years (IQR, 10-30). Several natural and manmade potential vector breeding sites were observed around the camp. Risk factors associated with contracting malaria were engaging in outdoor activities at night [AOR 4.26 (95% CI, 1.43-12.68)], wearing clothes that do not cover the whole body [AOR=2.74 (95% CI 1.04-7.22) while sleeping in a refugee housing unit reduced the risk of contracting malaria [AOR=0.18 (CI, 0.06-0.55)]. ConclusionsThe malaria outbreak at Tongogara Refugee Camp reemphasizes the role of behavioral factors in malaria transmission. We recommend intensified health education to address human behaviors that expose residents to malaria and habitat modification with larviciding to eliminate mosquito breeding sites.
Protection of Ang1-7 througth MKK/P38MAPKs inflammatory signal pathway on TNF-α stimulated mouse HL-1 cells
Authors: Wang Xuewen , Cao Yuan , depark Pradeep , Sharma Deepark , Li Guangping , Xu Yanmin
Published: November 2021

Background
to explore the effect of Ang1-7 througth MKK/P38MAPKs inflammatory signaling pathway on TNF-α-stimulated mouse HL-1 cells.
Methods
Using TNF-α (100 µg/ml) to establish an inflammatory atrial fibrillation model in HL-1 cell, which derived from mouse atrial myocyte. treated HL-1 cells with different concentrations of Ang 1-7 (0.1, 1 and 10 mmol/L) and divided into 5 groups, namely A group(control group), B group(TNF ), C group(TNF + Ang 1-7 0.1 mmol/L), D group(TNF + Ang 1-7 1 mmol/L ) and E group(TNF + Ang 1-7 10 mmol/L ). Firstly, different concentrations of Ang 1-7 (0.1 mmol/L, 1 mmol/L and 10 mmol/L) were used to stimulate for half an hour, and then TNF-α (100 µg/ml) was added to stimulate for four hours. Both the cells and supernatant were collected. Cells were collected for Western Blotting to detect the protein expression of MKK3, MKK4, MKK6, PMMK4 and PP38. The supernatant was subjected to flow cytometry for detecting multi-inflammatory factors.
Results
Compared with the A group, the protein expression of MKK3, MKK4, MKK6, PMMK4 and PP38 was statistically significant increased after stimulation with inflammatory factors (TNF-α) (P < 0.05). After intervention with Ang 1-7, the protein expression of MKK3, MKK4, MKK6, PMMK4 and PP38 was statistically significant lower than that of B group (P < 0.05). There is no significant difference of the protein expression of P38 after stimulation with inflammatory factor (TNF-α). Compared with the A group, there was no significant difference in the protein expression of MAS after the stimulation of inflammatory factor (TNF-α). After the intervention of Ang 1-7, the protein expression of MAS was higher than that of the A group and B group, but there was no significant difference (P > 0.05). The expression of MAS protein had an increasing trend, but there was no significant difference (P > 0.05). TGF-β, TNF-α was significantly increased after stimulating factor (TNF-α) was given, but was decreased after the intervention of Ang 1-7, both there were statistically significant (P < 0.05). IL-6 also had the same trend, but there was no significant difference.
Conclusion
Ang1-7 througth MKK/P38MAPKs inflammatory signal pathway protected on TNF-α stimulated mouse HL-1 cells
Transcriptome Profiling of Cellular Response to Kanamycin B in E.coli
Authors: Chang Yaowen , Zhang Xuhui , Murchie Alastair I.H. , Chen Dongrong
Published: November 2021

Background: Aminoglycosides are not only antibiotics but also have wider and diverse non-antibiotic cellular functions. No genome-wide study focusing on the changes of gene expression by aminoglycosides in E.coli has been reported. Here, we report transcriptome-profiling analysis of E.coli with or without Kanamycin B to elucidate the understanding of non-antibiotic cellular functions. Results: The differentially expressed genes (DEGs) at two given concentrations of Kanamycin B were identified. The results indicated that Kanamycin B does not affect the expression of the majority of the genes. Functional classification of the DEGs revealed that they were mainly related to microbial metabolism including two-component systems, biofilm formation, oxidative phosphorylation and nitrogen metabolism in diverse environments. Conclusions: Kanamycin B treatment causes diverse changes in the transcriptional profile of E. coli JM109, that are not directly associated with the antibiotic activity of Kanamycin B.
Synthesis and Crystal Structure of Benzyl 4-(2-fluoro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)- 2,6,6-trimethyl-1,4,5,6,7,8-hexahydroquinoline-3-carboxylate and Its DFT Analysis Combined with Bond Order Modeling in Terms of The Bond Critical Point Quantities
Authors: Büyükmumcu Zeki , YILDIRIM Sema OZTURK , Çetin Gökalp , Şimşek Rahime , Butcher Ray J.
Published: November 2021

Inflammation is the underlying cause of many diseases such as cardiovascular diseases, cancer and autoimmune diseases. Recently 1,4-dihydropyridine (1,4-DHP) compounds were found effective to reduce inflammation which contributes to development of inflammation associated diseases. Based on these data we synthesized to investigate this type of action of annulated 1,4-DHP molecule, benzyl 4-(2-fluoro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-2,6,6-trimethyl-5-oxo-1,4,5,6,7,8-hexahydroquinoline-3-carboxylate and proved the structure of this molecule by IR, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, HMRS and X-ray crystallography.X-ray analyses were conducted to find out the exact 3D structure of the mentioned molecule. The molecular structure crystallizes in triclinic space group, P-1, with a = 7.0889(11) Å, b = 12.4861(18) Å, c = 14.338(2) Å, α = 66.899(4)°, β = 89.025(4)°, γ = 85.101(4)° and V = 1162.9(3) Å3. In the title molecule, C27H25F4NO3, the cyclohexene ring is in a sofa conformation and the 1,4-dihydropyridine ring is in a slight boat conformation. In the 2-fluoro phenyl and benzyl rings form a dihedral angle of 13.6(1)°. In the crystal structure stabilized by the intra- and intermolecular N—H···O, C—H···O and C—H···F interactions. The molecules are linked together to form a dimer by N(1)—H(1N) ···O(1)i and C(2)—H(2A) ···O(1)i hydrogen bonds [symmetry code: (i) x+1,y,z ], producing two R12(6) rings.Natural charge, QTAIM, bond order, molecular planarity and molecular surface analyses have been performed on the optimized geometry by DFT. Considering the quantities obtained at the bond critical poins, the chemical bonds are discussed for classification. The correlation between bond critical point quantities and the bond orders based on different definitions have been explored considering different bond order models from the literature. The Laplacian Bond Order (LBO) gives best correlation for four of five bond order models. All the bond order models with an exception of the model with parameter G have approximately same correlation degree for C-C bonds. For C-H bonds, only bond model with parameters of electron density and the principle curvatures for LBO gives relatively good correlation with R2 value of 0.943. The two phenyl rings of the structure have aromaticity comparable to benzene as deduced from QTAIM quantities and molecular planarity metrics. As a result of molecular surface analysis, the mass density, molecular polarity index, v (the measure of charge balance), σ2tot .v (measure of intermolecular interactions) were calculated and compared with literature values.
Reduction of Wastes and Costs Through the Modified Kanban System in Unit Storerooms of HGH: A Value-for-Money Quality Improvement Initiative
Authors: LOGRONO KENNETH JUN , ZU'BI BELAL SALEM
Published: November 2021

Most public health sectors in many countries were heavily burdened both financially and operationally as a result of the pandemic's new changes. Organizations have been pushed to develop innovative solutions to balance expenses and revenues through value-for-money initiatives as a result of erratic economic conditions. Purchasing and supply distribution to the point of care account for approximately 30–40% of the hospital's operating budget. The demand-based ordering system, also known as the par system, has inherently resulted in increased waste due to obvious estimations for the quantity of items. Increased waste and costs have become a widespread issue in the healthcare supply chain, which was identified as a priority for improvement. The project is aimed to reduce the costs by 50% by implementing the Kanban system in the unit storeroom of medical units within three months. The IHI Model of Improvement was undertaken to go through the implementation of the project. Several quality improvement tools were used to test different ideas of change and measurement of improvements were also made. Following the adoption of the modified Kanban System, the costs of consumable item supply decreased by 69% from 16,000 QAR to 5,000 QAR. The percentage of wastes has reduced significantly to 0% while limiting the percentage of out stocking to a median of 1%. Kanban as a lean method, reduces wastes by controlling the flow of consumables within a supply chain. Eliminating or reducing waste is a cornerstone of lean management. The project’s new evidence demonstrated significant and sustainable cost saving strategy by reducing waste and pre-quantifying items based on their usage and flow. The Kanban system ultimately improved nurses’ productivity, streamlined the unit’s stock supply, promoted value improvement, and helped increased end-user satisfaction.
Fractures of the distal femur in elderly patients: retrospective analysis of a case series treated with single or double plate
Authors: Nam Dae Jin , Kim Min Seok , Kim Tae Ho , Kim Min Woo , Kweon Suc Hyun
Published: November 2021

Introduction: We evaluated the radiologic and clinical outcomes of a lateral incision single plate with and a single-incision double plating in elderly patients with osteoporotic distal femoral fractures.Materials and Methods: We performed a retrospective study of 82 cases of distal femoral fractures from May 2004 to June 2018. Group A consisted of 42 patients who underwent single-plate fixation. Group B consisted of 40 patients who underwent double-plate fixation. The mean patient age was 77 years (67–87 years) and 76 years (64–86 years) in groups A and B, respectively. All patients were evaluated for procedure duration, time to union, range of knee motion, Lysholm knee score, and presence of complications.Results: The average procedure time was 81 min (66–92 min) and 110 min (95–120 min) in groups A and B, respectively(p=0.33). One case in group B required bone grafting after 5 months. The average time to union was 14 weeks (9–19 weeks) and 12.2 weeks (8–19 weeks) (p=0.63), and the mean range of knee motion was 105° (90–125°) and 110.7° (90°–130°) (p=0.37) in groups A and B, respectively. There was no significant statistical difference between the two groups in the Lysholm knee score(p=0.44) and knee society score(p=0.53).Conclusion: The clinical and radiological outcomes were similar in the 2 groups. In elderly patients, double plate fixation for distal femoral fractures is an useful method for several advantages such as adequate exposure, easy manipulation, anatomical reduction and stable fixation.
“Everything the hujur tells is very educative but if I can’t not apply those in my own life then there is no meaning”: A mixed-methods process evaluation of a smoke-free homes intervention in Bangladesh.
Authors: Jackson Cath , Azdi Zunayed Al , Kellar Ian , Md Noreen Dadirai , Fairhurst Caroline , Ferdous Tarana , Hewitt Catherine , Huque Rumana , Marshall Anna-Marie , Semple Sean , Sheikh Aziz , Siddiqi Kamran
Published: November 2021

Background
Exposure to second-hand smoke from tobacco is a major contributor to global morbidity and mortality. A cluster RCT in Bangladesh concluded a community-based smoke-free home (SFH) intervention delivered in mosques, with or without indoor air quality (IAQ) feedback to households was neither effective nor cost-effective compared to no intervention. This paper presents the process evaluation embedded within the trial.
Methods
A mixed method process evaluation comprising interviews with 30 household leads and six imams, brief questionnaire administered to 848 household leads, fidelity assessment of intervention delivery in six mosques and research team records. Data sets were triangulated using meta-themes informed by three process evaluation functions: implementation, mechanisms of impact and context.
Results
IMPLEMENTATION: The frequency of SFH intervention delivery was judged moderate to good. However there were mixed levels of intervention fidelity and poor reach. Ayahs-messages targeting SHS attitudes were most often fully implemented and had greatest reach (with social norms). Frequency and reach of IAQ feedback intervention were good. MECHANISMS OF IMPACT: Both interventions had good acceptability. However, views on usefulness of the interventions were mixed. Only half of households reported achieving a SFH home at 3-months follow-up. Individual drivers to behaviour change were new SFH knowledge with corresponding positive attitudes, social norms and intentions. Individual barriers were a lack of self-efficacy and plans. CONTEXT: Social context drivers to SFH intervention implementation in mosques were in place and important. No context barriers to implementation were reported. Social context drivers to SHS behaviour change were children’s requests. Barriers were a reluctance to request visitors to smoke outside. (Not) having somewhere to smoke outside was a physical context (barrier) and driver.
Conclusions
Despite detailed development and adaption work with relevant stakeholders, the SFH and IAQ interventions became educational interventions that were motivational but insufficient to overcome significant context barriers to SHS behaviour change. Embedding these interventions into community wide strategies that include practical cessation support and enforcement of SFH legislation is needed.