bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Forecasting global and multi-level thermospheric neutral density and ionospheric electron content by tuning models against satellite-based accelerometer measurements
Authors: Forootan Ehsan , Kosary Mona , Farzaneh Saeed , Kodikara Timothy , Vielberg Kristin , Fernandez-Gomez Isabel , Borries Claudia , Schumacher Maike
Published: February 2022

Global estimation of thermospheric neutral density (TND) on various altitudes is important for geodetic and space weather applications. This is typically provided by models, however, the quality of these models is limited due to their imperfect structure and the sensitivity of their parameters to the calibration period. Here, we present an ensemble Kalman filter (EnKF)-based calibration and data assimilation (C/DA) technique that updates the model’s states and simultaneously calibrates its key parameters. Its application is demonstrated using the TND estimates from on-board accelerometer measurements, e.g., those of the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) mission (at $$\sim 410$$

∼
410

km altitude), as observation, and the frequently used empirical model NRLMSISE-00. The C/DA is applied here to re-calibrate the model parameters including those controlling the influence of solar radiation and geomagnetic activity as well as those related to the calculation of exospheric temperature. The resulting model, called here ‘C/DA-NRLMSISE-00’, is then used to now-cast TNDs and individual neutral mass compositions for 3 h, where the model with calibrated parameters is run again during the assimilation period. C/DA-NRLMSISE-00 is also used to forecast the next 21 h, where no new observations are introduced. These forecasts are unique because they are available globally and on various altitudes (300–600 km). To introduce the impact of the thermosphere on estimating ionospheric parameters, the coupled physics-based model TIE-GCM is run by replacing the O2, O1, He and neutral temperature estimates of the C/DA-NRLMSISE-00. Then, the non-assimilated outputs of electron density (Ne) and total electron content (TEC) are validated against independent measurements. Assessing the forecasts of TNDs with those along the Swarm-A ($$\sim 467$$

∼
467

km), -B ($$\sim 521$$

∼
521

km), and -C ($$\sim 467$$

∼
467

km) orbits shows that the root-mean-square error (RMSE) is considerably reduced by 51, 57 and 54%, respectively. We find improvement of 30.92% for forecasting Ne and 26.48% for TEC compared to the radio occulation and global ionosphere maps (GIM), respectively. The presented C/DA approach is recommended for the short-term global multi-level thermosphere and enhanced ionosphere forecasting applications.
Banknote authenticity is signalled by rapid neural responses
Authors: Dodgson Daniel B. , Raymond Jane E.
Published: February 2022

Authenticating valuable objects is widely assumed to involve protracted scrutiny for detection of reproduction flaws. Yet, accurate authentication of banknotes is possible within one second of viewing, suggesting that rapid neural processes may underpin counterfeit detection. To investigate, we measured event-related brain potentials (ERPs) in response to briefly viewed genuine or forensically recovered counterfeit banknotes presented in a visual oddball counterfeit detection task. Three ERP components, P1, P3, and extended P3, were assessed for each combination of banknote type (genuine, counterfeit) and overt response (“real”, “fake”). P1 amplitude was greater for oddballs, demonstrating that the initial feedforward sweep of visual processing yields the essential information for differentiating genuine from counterfeit. A similar oddball effect was found for P3. The magnitude of this P3 effect was positively correlated with behavioural counterfeit sensitivity, although the corresponding correlation for P1 was not. For the extended P3, amplitude was greatest for correctly detected counterfeits and similarly small for missed counterfeits, incorrectly and correctly categorised genuine banknotes. These results show that authentication of complex stimuli involves a cascade of neural processes that unfolds in under a second, beginning with a very rapid sensory analysis, followed by a later decision stage requiring higher level processing.
Computed tomography with segmentation and quantification of individual organs in a D. melanogaster tumor model
Authors: Holland Petter , Quintana Eduardo Martin , Khezri Rojyar , Schoborg Todd Andrew , Rusten Tor Erik
Published: February 2022

Drosophila melanogaster tumor models are growing in popularity, driven by the high degree of genetic as well as functional conservation to humans. The most common method to measure the effects of a tumor on distant organs of a human cancer patient is to use computed tomography (CT), often used in diagnosing cachexia, a debilitating cancer-induced syndrome most visibly characterized by loss of muscle mass. Successful application of high resolution micro-CT scanning of D. melanogaster was recently reported and we here present the segmentation of all visible larval organs at several stages of tumor development. We previously showed the strong expected reduction in muscle mass as the tumor develops, and we here report a surprisingly strong reduction also in gut and Malpighian tubules (kidney) volume. Time-point of tumor development was found to have a stronger correlation to cachectic organ volume loss than tumor volume, giving support to the previously proposed idea that tumor size does not directly determine degree of cachexia.
3D pCASL-perfusion in preoperative assessment of brain gliomas in large cohort of patients
Authors: Batalov A. I. , Zakharova N. E. , Pronin I. N. , Belyaev A. Yu. , Pogosbekyan E. L. , Goryaynov S. A. , Bykanov A. E. , Tyurina A. N. , Shevchenko A. M. , Solozhentseva K. D. , Nikitin P. V. , Potapov A. A.
Published: February 2022

The aim of the study was to evaluate the role of pseudocontinuous arterial spin labeling perfusion (pCASL-perfusion) in preoperative assessment of cerebral glioma grades. The study group consisted of 253 patients, aged 7–78 years with supratentorial gliomas (65 low-grade gliomas (LGG), 188 high-grade gliomas (HGG)). We used 3D pCASL-perfusion for each patient in order to calculate the tumor blood flow (TBF). We obtained maximal tumor blood flow (maxTBF) in small regions of interest (30 ± 10 mm2) and then normalized absolute maximum tumor blood flow (nTBF) to that of the contralateral normal-appearing white matter of the centrum semiovale. MaxTBF and nTBF values significantly differed between HGG and LGG groups (p < 0.001), as well as between patient groups separated by the grades (grade II vs. grade III) (p < 0.001). Moreover, we performed ROC-analysis which demonstrated high sensitivity and specificity in differentiating between HGG and LGG. We found significant differences for maxTBF and nTBF between grade III and IV gliomas, however, ROC-analysis showed low sensitivity and specificity. We did not observe a significant difference in TBF for astrocytomas and oligodendrogliomas. Our study demonstrates that 3D pCASL-perfusion as an effective diagnostic tool for preoperative differentiation of glioma grades.
Clinical implication of initial intravenous diuretic dose for acute decompensated heart failure
Authors: Yoshioka Kenji , Maeda Daichi , Okumura Takahiro , Kida Keisuke , Oishi Shogo , Akiyama Eiichi , Suzuki Satoshi , Yamamoto Masayoshi , Mizukami Akira , Kuroda Shunsuke , Kagiyama Nobuyuki , Yamaguchi Tetsuo , Sasano Tetsuo , Matsumura Akihiko , Kitai Takeshi , Matsue Yuya
Published: February 2022

Although intravenous diuretics is a cornerstone of acute heart failure treatment (AHF), its optimal initial dose is unclear. This is a post-hoc analysis of the REALITY-AHF, a prospective multicentre observational registry of AHF. The initial intravenous diuretic dose used in each patient was categorised into below, standard, or above the recommended dose groups according to guideline-recommended initial intravenous diuretic dose. The recommended dose was individualised based on the oral diuretic dose taken at admission. We compared the study endpoints, including 60-day mortality, diuretics response within six hours, and length of hospital stay (HS). Of 1093 patients, 429, 558, and 106 were assigned to the Below, Standard, and Above groups, respectively. The diuretics response and HS were significantly greater in the Below group than in the Standard group after adjusting for covariates. Kaplan–Meier analysis indicated a significantly higher incidence of 60-day mortality in the Above group than the Standard group. This difference was retained after adjusting for other prognostic factors. Treatment with a lower than guideline-recommended intravenous diuretic dose was associated with longer HS, whereas above the guideline-recommended dose was associated with a higher 60-day mortality rate. Our results reconfirm that the guideline-recommended initial intravenous diuretic dose is feasible for AHF.
Favorable association between Mediterranean diet (MeD) and DASH with NAFLD among Iranian adults of the Amol Cohort Study (AmolCS)
Authors: Doustmohammadian Azam , Clark Cain C. T. , Maadi Mansooreh , Motamed Nima , Sobhrakhshankhah Elham , Ajdarkosh Hossein , Mansourian Mohsen Reza , Esfandyari Saeed , Hanjani Nazanin Asghari , Nikkhoo Mahsa , Zamani Farhad
Published: February 2022

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is an emerging cause of chronic liver diseases and a major health problem worldwide. Dietary patterns may play a critical role in controlling and preventing this disease, but the available evidence is scarce. The current study aims to ascertain the association of adherence to the Dietary Approach to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet and Mediterranean diet (MeD) with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) among Iranian adults of the Amol Cohort Study (AmolCS). In a cross-sectional analysis among 3220 adults (55.3% men), age ≥ 18 years (46.96 ± 14.67), we measured usual dietary intake with a validated food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) and then calculated dietary pattern scores for DASH and MeD. Sociodemographic and lifestyle factors were collected by a structured questionnaire. The presence and degree of NAFLD were also determined by abdominal sonography. Multiple regression models were used to estimate NAFLD odds across tertiles of DASH and Mediterranean dietary scores. Dietary DASH and Mediterranean components were adjusted for total energy intake, based on the residual methods. After adjusting for multiple potential confounders, we found an inverse association of DASH and MeD with NAFLD (Ptrend = 0.02, and Ptrend = 0.002, respectively). Those in the highest tertiles of adherence to the DASH and MeD had the lowest risk for NAFLD (OR = 0.80, 95%CI = 0.66–0.96, OR = 0.64, 95%CI = 0.52–0.78, respectively). The results of logistic analysis of MeD, stratified by gender and abdominal obesity, revealed the favorable association was more pronounced in women (OR = 0.42, 95%CI = 0.29–0.61, Ptrend = 0.004), and in participants with or without abdominal obesity (OR = 0.62, 95% CI = 0.47–0.81, Ptrend = 0.03, OR = 0.64, 95%CI = 0.475–0.91, Ptrend = 0.04, respectively). Similar results were obtained for the adherence to DASH diet score with the prevalence of NAFLD patients with abdominal obesity (OR = 0.75, 95% CI = 0.57–0.97, Ptrend = 0.04). The findings suggested the favorable association between DASH and MeD with NAFLD in Iranian adults, especially women and subjects with or without abdominal obesity. Further prospective investigations are needed to confirm the integrity of our findings.
Identification of powdery mildew resistance in wild grapevine (Vitis vinifera subsp. sylvestris Gmel Hegi) from Croatia and Bosnia and Herzegovina
Authors: Lukšić Katarina , Zdunić Goran , Hančević Katarina , Mihaljević Maja Žulj , Mucalo Ana , Maul Erika , Riaz Summaira , Pejić Ivan
Published: February 2022

Wild grapevine (Vitis vinifera subsp. sylvestris) is widely recognized as an important source of resistance or tolerance genes for diseases and environmental stresses. Recent studies revealed partial resistance to powdery mildew (Erysiphe necator, PM) in V. sylvestris from Central Asia. Here, we report resistance to PM of V. sylvestris collected from different regions of Croatia and in seedling populations established from in situ V. sylvestris accessions. Ninety-one in situ individuals and 67 V. sylvestris seedlings were evaluated for PM resistance according to OIV 455 descriptor. Three SSR markers (SC47-18, SC8-071-0014, and UDV-124) linked to PM resistance locus Ren1 were used to decipher allelic structure. Nine seedlings showed resistance in in vivo evaluations while leaf disk assays revealed three PM-resistant accessions. One V. vinifera cultivar used as a control for PM evaluations also showed high phenotypic resistance. Based on the presence of one or two resistance alleles that are linked to the Ren1 locus, 32 resistant seedlings and 41 resistant in situ genotypes were identified in the investigated set. Eight seedlings showed consistent phenotypic PM resistance, of which seven carried one or two alleles at the tested markers. This study provides the first evidence of PM resistance present within the eastern Adriatic V. sylvestris germplasm.
The mitochondrial genome of Grapsus albolineatus (Decapoda: Brachyura: Grapsidae) and phylogenetic associations in Brachyura
Authors: Lü Jiayin , Xia Liping , Liu Xiaojuan , Ma Yanwen , Li Jiji , Ye Yingying , Guo Baoying
Published: February 2022

Complete mitochondrial genomes (mitogenomes) can provide useful information for phylogenetic relationships, gene rearrangement, and evolutionary traits. In this study, we determined the complete mitochondrial DNA sequence of the herbivorous crabGrapsus albolineatus. It is a typical metazoan mitochondrial genome. The total size is 15,583 bp, contains the entire set of 37 genes, and has an AT-rich region. Then, 23 of the 37 genes were encoded by the heavy (+) strand while 14 are encoded by the light (−) strand. Compared with the pan-crustacean ground pattern, two tRNA genes (tRNA-HisandtRNA-Gln) were rearranged and the tandem duplication/random loss model was used to explain the observed gene rearrangements. The phylogenetic results showed that all Grapsidae crabs clustered together as a group. Furthermore, the monophyly of each family was well supported, with the exception of Menippidae. In general, the results obtained in this study will contribute to the better understanding of gene rearrangements in Grapsidae crab mitogenomes and provide new insights into the phylogeny of Brachyura.
Emergency fueling unit for means of heavy transport affected by electromagnetic pulse
Authors: Pawlak Grzegorz , Płochocki Patryk , Simiński Przemysław , Skrzek Tomasz
Published: February 2022

The electromagnetic pulse (EMP) is either a natural phenomenon caused by a solar storm or can be an effect of the deliberately use of destructive weapons. It is a threat to critical infrastructure systems, including transportation. The construction of transportation means continues to pursue the rapidly accelerating economy and ecological demands while increasingly becoming more dependent on electricity and electronics each day. The paper presents a method that enables driving a vehicle after an impact of EMP of high energy, where the standard protection systems like insulations or protection shields are not efficient, and the vehicle electrical system is destroyed. The device called the Emergency Fueling Unit (EFU) is described. EFU was installed and tested on a truck equipped with a six-cylinder, 11 L CI engine. The truck acceleration test results presented in the paper confirm that the EFU could be effectively used to drive the truck in case of the destruction of its electrical system. The paper’s topic also provides an opportunity to reflect on how and why modern vehicles' powertrains, especially commercial vehicles, are exposed to the influence of phenomena that do not occur in everyday life but can have a disastrous impact on means of transportation and our safety.
Development and validation of a high throughput SARS-CoV-2 whole genome sequencing workflow in a clinical laboratory
Authors: Rosenthal Sun Hee , Gerasimova Anna , Ruiz-Vega Rolando , Livingston Kayla , Kagan Ron M. , Liu Yan , Anderson Ben , Owen Renius , Bernstein Laurence , Smolgovsky Alla , Xu Dong , Chen Rebecca , Grupe Andrew , Tanpaiboon Pranoot , Lacbawan Felicitas
Published: February 2022

Monitoring new mutations in SARS-CoV-2 provides crucial information for identifying diagnostic and therapeutic targets and important insights to achieve a more effective COVID-19 control strategy. Next generation sequencing (NGS) technologies have been widely used for whole genome sequencing (WGS) of SARS-CoV-2. While various NGS methods have been reported, one chief limitation has been the complexity of the workflow, limiting the scalability. Here, we overcome this limitation by designing a laboratory workflow optimized for high-throughput studies. The workflow utilizes modified ARTIC network v3 primers for SARS-CoV-2 whole genome amplification. NGS libraries were prepared by a 2-step PCR method, similar to a previously reported tailed PCR method, with further optimizations to improve amplicon balance, to minimize amplicon dropout for viral genomes harboring primer-binding site mutation(s), and to integrate robotic liquid handlers. Validation studies demonstrated that the optimized workflow can process up to 2688 samples in a single sequencing run without compromising sensitivity and accuracy and with fewer amplicon dropout events compared to the standard ARTIC protocol. We additionally report results for over 65,000 SARS-CoV-2 whole genome sequences from clinical specimens collected in the United States between January and September of 2021, as part of an ongoing national genomics surveillance effort.
A deletion at the polled PC locus alone is not sufficient to cause a polled phenotype in cattle
Authors: Hennig Sadie L. , Owen Joseph R. , Lin Jason C. , McNabb Bret R. , Van Eenennaam Alison L. , Murray James D.
Published: February 2022

Dehorning is a common practice in the dairy industry, but raises animal welfare concerns. A naturally occurring genetic mutation (PC allele) comprised of a 212 bp duplicated DNA sequence replacing a 10-bp sequence at the polled locus is associated with the hornless phenotype (polled) in cattle. To test the hypothesis that the 10 bp deletion alone is sufficient to result in polled, a CRISPR-Cas9 dual guide RNA approach was optimized to delete a 133 bp region including the 10 bp sequence. Timing of ribonucleoprotein complex injections at various hours post insemination (hpi) (6, 8, and 18 hpi) as well as in vitro transcribed (IVT) vs synthetic gRNAs were compared. Embryos injected 6 hpi had a significantly higher deletion rate (53%) compared to those injected 8 (12%) and 18 hpi (7%), and synthetic gRNAs had a significantly higher deletion rate (84%) compared to IVT gRNAs (53%). Embryo transfers were performed, and bovine fetuses were harvested between 3 and 5 months of gestation. All fetuses had mutations at the target site, with two of the seven having biallelic deletions, and yet they displayed horn bud development indicating that the 10 bp deletion alone is not sufficient to result in the polled phenotype.
Iron-doped calcium phytate nanoparticles as a bio-responsive contrast agent in 1H/31P magnetic resonance imaging
Authors: Ziółkowska Natalia , Vít Martin , Laga Richard , Jirák Daniel
Published: February 2022

We present the MR properties of a novel bio-responsive phosphorus probe doped with iron for dual proton and phosphorus magnetic resonance imaging (1H/31P-MRI), which provide simultaneously complementary information. The probes consist of non-toxic biodegradable calcium phytate (CaIP6) nanoparticles doped with different amounts of cleavable paramagnetic Fe3+ ions. Phosphorus atoms in the phytate structure delivered an efficient 31P-MR signal, with iron ions altering MR contrast for both 1H and 31P-MR. The coordinated paramagnetic Fe3+ ions broadened the 31P-MR signal spectral line due to the short T2 relaxation time, resulting in more hypointense signal. However, when Fe3+ was decomplexed from the probe, relaxation times were prolonged. As a result of iron release, intensity of 1H-MR, as well as the 31P-MR signal increase. These 1H and 31P-MR dual signals triggered by iron decomplexation may have been attributable to biochemical changes in the environment with strong iron chelators, such as bacterial siderophore (deferoxamine). Analysing MR signal alternations as a proof-of-principle on a phantom at a 4.7 T magnetic field, we found that iron presence influenced 1H and 31P signals and signal recovery via iron chelation using deferoxamine.
Climate-related drivers of nutrient inputs and food web structure in shallow Arctic lake ecosystems
Authors: Calizza Edoardo , Salvatori Rosamaria , Rossi David , Pasquali Vittorio , Careddu Giulio , Sporta Caputi Simona , Maccapan Deborah , Santarelli Luca , Montemurro Pietro , Rossi Loreto , Costantini Maria Letizia
Published: February 2022

In order to predict the effects of climate change on polar ecosystems, disentangling mechanisms of nutrient transfer in food webs is crucial. We investigated sources of nutrients in tundra lakes, tracing their transfer through the food web and relating the observed patterns to runoff, snow coverage, and the presence of migratory geese in lake catchments. C and N content (elemental and isotopic) of several food web components including Lepidurus arcticus (Notostraca, at the top of the lake food webs) in 18 shallow Arctic lakes was compared. Terrestrial productivity and geese abundance were key biotic factors that interacted with abiotic variables (snow coverage, lake and catchment size) in determining the amount and origin of nutrient inputs, affecting the trophic interactions among aquatic species, food chain length and nutrient flow in Arctic lake food webs. Decreasing snow coverage, increasing abundance and expansion of the geese’s range are expected across the Arctic due to climate warming. By relating nutrient inputs and food web structure to snow coverage, vegetation and geese, this study contributes to our mechanistic understanding of the cascade effects of climate change in tundra ecosystems, and may help predict the response of lakes to changes in nutrient inputs at lower latitudes.
Development of coordination and muscular fitness in children and adolescents with parent-reported ADHD in the German longitudinal MoMo Study
Authors: Opper Elke , Kunina-Habenicht Olga , Oriwol Doris , Hanssen-Doose Anke , Krell-Roesch Janina , Schlack Robert , Worth Annette , Woll Alexander
Published: February 2022

This study examined the development of muscular fitness and coordination in children and adolescents with and without attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) over a period of 11 years. Data was collected in three measurement waves as part of the longitudinal, representative Motorik-Modul (MoMo) study in Germany (2003–2006, 2009–2012, 2014–2017). The overall sample comprised 2988 participants (253 with ADHD, 65% males; 2735 non-ADHD, 47% males; mean age 9 years). Structural equation modeling was conducted, and the estimated models had a good fit. No differences in muscular fitness were observed between participants with and without ADHD. Participants with ADHD had a lower coordinative performance at first measurement than those without ADHD. The difference in coordinative performance persisted throughout the study period.
Retinal vascular impairment in Wolfram syndrome: an optical coherence tomography angiography study
Authors: Battista Marco , Cascavilla Maria Lucia , Grosso Domenico , Borrelli Enrico , Frontino Giulio , Amore Giulia , Carbonelli Michele , Bonfanti Riccardo , Rigamonti Andrea , Barresi Costanza , Viganò Chiara , Tombolini Beatrice , Crepaldi Anna , Montemagni Marina , La Morgia Chiara , Bandello Francesco , Barboni Piero
Published: February 2022

To evaluate differences in macular and optic disc circulation in patients affected by Wolfram Syndrome (WS) employing optical coherence tomography-angiography (OCTA) imaging. In this retrospective study, 18 eyes from 10 WS patients, 16 eyes of 8 patients affected by type I diabetes and 17 eyes from 17 healthy controls were enrolled. All patients were imaged through OCT and OCTA and vascular parameters, as perfusion density (PD) and vessel length density (VLD) were measured. OCTA showed reduced PD in WS patients at the macular superficial capillary plexus (SCP, 27.8 ± 5.3%), deep vascular complex (DVC, 33.2 ± 1.9%) and optic nerve head (ONH, 21.2 ± 9.1%) compared to both diabetic patients (SCP 33.9 ± 1.9%, P < 0.0001; DVC 33.2 ± 0.7%, P = 1.0; ONH 33.9 ± 1.3, P < 0.0001) and healthy controls (SCP 31.6 ± 2.5, P = 0.002; DVC 34.0 ± 0.7%, P = 0.089; ONH 34.6 ± 0.8%, P < 0.0001). Similarly, VLD was lower in WS patients at the SCP (10.9 ± 2.7%) and ONH levels (7.5 ± 4.1%) compared to diabetic patients (SCP 13.8 ± 1.2%, P = 0.001; DVC 13.8 ± 0.2%, P < 0.0001; ONH 13.0 ± 0.7%, P =  < 0.0001), but higher in DVC (15.7 ± 1.2%, P < 0.0001). Furthermore, VLD was lower in WS patients in all the vascular parameters compared to controls (SCP 13.8 ± 1.5%, P < 0.0001; DVC 17.3 ± 0.6%, P < 0.0001; ONH 15.7 ± 0.5%, P < 0.0001). A significant microvasculature impairment in the macular SCP and ONH microvasculature was demonstrated in eyes affected by WS. Microvascular impairment may be considered a fundamental component of the neurodegenerative changes in WS.
Influence of sampling design on landslide susceptibility modeling in lithologically heterogeneous areas
Authors: Dornik Andrei , Drăguţ Lucian , Oguchi Takashi , Hayakawa Yuichi , Micu Mihai
Published: February 2022

This work aims at evaluating the sensitivity of landslide susceptibility mapping (LSM) to sampling design in lithologically-heterogeneous areas. We hypothesize that random sampling of the landslide absence data in such areas can be biased by statistical aggregation of the explanatory variables, which impact the model outputs. To test this hypothesis, we train a Random Forest (RF) model in two different domains, as follows: (1) in lithologically heterogeneous areas, and (2) in lithologically homogeneous domains of the respective areas. Two heterogeneous areas are selected in Japan (125 km2) and Romania (497 km2), based on existing landslide inventories that include 371 and 577 scarps, respectively. These areas are divided into two, respectively three domains, defined by lithological units that reflect relatively homogeneous topographies. Fourteen terrain attributes are derived from a 30 m SRTM digital elevation model and employed as explanatory variables. Results show that LSM is sensitive to a random sampling of the absence data in lithologically heterogeneous areas. Accuracy measures improve significantly when sampling and LSM are conducted in lithologically homogeneous domains, as compared to heterogeneous areas, reaching an increase of 9% in AUC and 17% in the Kappa index.
Cascade aryne insertion/vinylogous aldol reaction of vinyl-substituted β-keto/enol carbonyls
Authors: Chaitanya Nandikolla Krishna , Rao Y. N. Sambasiva , Choutipalli Venkata Surya Kumar , Mainkar Prathama S. , Subramanian Venkatesan , Chandrasekhar Srivari
Published: February 2022

Cyclic and acyclic vinyl substituted β-keto/enol carbonyl substrates, on reaction with arynes, result in differentially substituted naphthyl carbocycles, hitherto difficult to synthesize with existing protocols.
A dual-electrolyte system for highly efficient Al–air batteries
Authors: Zhao Qian , Wu Pengfei , Sun Dan , Wang Haiyan , Tang Yougen
Published: February 2022

Herein, a brand-new dual-electrolyte consisting of porous polyacrylic acid (PAA) hydrogel and 4 M KOH aqueous electrolyte is put forward.
Surface plasmon resonance sensing with thin films of palladium and platinum – quantitative and real-time analysis
Authors: Andersson John , Svirelis Justas , Ferrand-Drake del Castillo Gustav , Sannomiya Takumi , Dahlin Andreas
Published: February 2022

We show that conventional surface plasmon resonance sensing with planar 20 nm Pd and Pt films is possible in the Kretschmann configuration, with real-time monitoring of surface binding and quantitative analysis of adsorbed layers.
Highly robust and efficient MnZnFe2O4 decorated fibrous KCC-SiO2 catalyst for the synthesis of light olefins from syngas
Authors: Abbas Mohamed , Zhang Juan , Kotarba Andrzej , Chen Jiangang
Published: February 2022

In this study, high light olefin (C2–C4) selectivity is obtained through FTS reaction and using a novel and robust catalyst of KCC-SiO2 fibrous nanospheres decorated with MnZnFe2O4 NPs.
Two-site occupancy induced the broad-band emission in the Ba4−x−ySryLa6O(SiO4)6:xEu2+ phosphor for white LEDs and anti-counterfeiting
Authors: Wang Zhi , Li Xu , Li Mingyang , Zhao Jinxing , Liu Zhenyang , Wang Dawei , Guan Li , Wang Fenghe
Published: February 2022

With the increasing demand for new inorganic functional materials, more and more attention is paid to rare earth ion doped luminescent materials.
Dehydrogenation of formic acid using iridium-NSi species as catalyst precursors
Authors: Guzmán Jefferson , Urriolabeitia Asier , Polo Víctor , Fernández-Buenestado Marta , Iglesias Manuel , Fernández-Alvarez Francisco J.
Published: February 2022

Selective solventless formic acid dehydrogenation.
Sargassum fusiformepolysaccharide is a potential auxiliary substance for metformin in the management of diabetes
Authors: Wu Juan , Jia Rui-Bo , Luo Donghui , Li Zhao-Rong , Lin Lianzhu , Zheng Qianwen , Zhao Mouming
Published: February 2022

Study of the positive effects of LMET-SFP in high-fat diet and streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats, and the underlying mechanisms of LMET-SFP as compared to metformin alone in managing diabetes.
Multifunctionally wearable monitoring with gelatin hydrogel electronics of liquid metals
Authors: Yuan Ximin , Wu Pengcheng , Gao Qing , Xu Jie , Guo Bin , He Yong
Published: February 2022

Gelatin hydrogel based flexible electronics with liquid metal are proposed, which could be used as body surface sensor to monitor human heart rate during exercise and implantable sensor to monitor heartbeat.
Revealing the heterogeneity in neuroblastoma cells via nanopillar-guided subnuclear deformation
Authors: Zeng Yongpeng , Ramani Priya Dharshana , Gao Weibo , Zhao Wenting
Published: February 2022

Quantitative characterization of heterogeneity in neuroblastoma cells is achieved using nanopillar-guided subnuclear irregularities.
Fe-Based metal–organic frameworks as functional materials for battery applications
Authors: Yang Qingyun , Liu Yanjin , Ou Hong , Li Xueyi , Lin Xiaoming , Zeb Akif , Hu Lei
Published: February 2022

This review presents a comprehensive discussion on the development and application of pristine Fe-MOFs in lithium-ion batteries, sodium-ion batteries, potassium-ion batteries, metal–air batteries and lithium–sulfur batteries.
Rapid electron/ion transport in CNT/LiTi2(PO4)3@C–N electrodes for aqueous lithium-ion batteries with high stability, flexibility and safety
Authors: Lin Jun , Zhang Zhigang , Xue Fangfang , Long Deng , Li Qiuhong
Published: February 2022

Self-supporting and flexible carbon nanotube/carbon-coated nitrogen-doped LiTi2(PO4)3 (CNT/LTP@C–N) hybrid films are manufactured via vacuum filtration and show high electrochemical properties.
Cu(ii)–vitamin C-complex catalyzed photo-induced homocoupling reaction of aryl boronic acid in base-free and visible light conditions
Authors: Pourmorteza Narges , Jafarpour Maasoumeh , Feizpour Fahimeh , Rezaeifard Abdolreza
Published: February 2022

TiO2–ascorbic acid (AA)–Cu(ii), nanohybrid is active in the selective aerobic oxidative homocoupling of aryl boronic acids under heterogeneous conditions in air and visible light conditions.
A simple hydrothermal route for the preparation of novel Na–Y–W nano-oxides and their application in dye degradation
Authors: Moshtaghi Saeed , Hamadanian Masoud , Salavati-Niasari Masoud
Published: February 2022

NaY(WO4)2 nanoparticles were fabricated via a simple hydrothermal method using saccharide carbohydrates as capping agents. The photocatalytic behavior of the as-prepared NaY(WO4)2 nanostructures was studied.
Palladium-catalyzed selective C–C bond cleavage and stereoselective alkenylation between cyclopropanol and 1,3-diyne: one-step synthesis of diverse conjugated enynes
Authors: Pati Bedadyuti Vedvyas , Ghosh Asit , Yadav Komal , Banjare Shyam Kumar , Pandey Shalini , Lourderaj Upakarasamy , Ravikumar Ponneri C.
Published: February 2022

Palladium-catalyzed tandem activation and functionalization of readily accessible cyclopropanols have been demonstrated to access valuable conjugated enynes from 1,3-diynes with high stereo-selectivity.
Bridging electrocatalyst and cocatalyst studies for solar hydrogen production via water splitting
Authors: Saruyama Masaki , Pelicano Christian Mark , Teranishi Toshiharu
Published: February 2022

This perspective briefly reviews recently developed water splitting electrocatalyst materials and discusses their utilization as cocatalysts for photocatalytic and photoelectrochemical water splitting systems.
A carbonyl-rich covalent organic framework as a high-performance cathode material for aqueous rechargeable zinc-ion batteries
Authors: Ma Dingxuan , Zhao Huimin , Cao Fan , Zhao Huihui , Li Jixin , Wang Lei , Liu Kang
Published: February 2022

A covalent organic framework (Tp-PTO-COF) with carbonyl active sites was proposed as a novel cathode material and successfully applied in aqueous rechargeable zinc-ion batteries (ZIBs).
Multi-walled carbon nanotube supported manganese selenide as a highly active bifunctional OER and ORR electrocatalyst
Authors: Singh Harish , Marley-Hines McKenzie , Chakravarty Shatadru , Nath Manashi
Published: February 2022

A manganese selenide and multiwalled carbon nanotube-based composite shows promising bifunctional electrocatalytic activity for the oxygen evolution and oxygen reduction reactions with superior stability and lower overpotential for both OER and ORR.
Zero fire battery concept: water-in-battery
Authors: Bae Junho , Bae Hyuntae , Cho Jihun , Jung Jaebeom , Choi Yunseok , Kim Youngsik
Published: February 2022

The fire condition of lithium-ion batteries is satisfied by fulfilling three elements. Through the concept of Water-in-Battery (WiB), fire can be suppressed by controlling these elements via direct water penetration into the cell, reducing temperature and blocking oxygen.
Erythrocyte membrane-enveloped molybdenum disulfide nanodots for biofilm elimination on implants via toxin neutralization and immune modulation
Authors: Shi Tingwang , Ruan Zesong , Wang Xin , Lian Xiaofeng , Chen Yunfeng
Published: February 2022

We proposed an integrated strategy to bridge hyperthermia/ROS therapy, anti-virulence therapy and immunomodulatory therapy utilizing a MoS2 ND-based biomimetic platform, which provides a practicable alternative to fight against biofilm infections.
Suitability of alkyne donor-π-donor-π-donor scaffolds for electrofluorochromic and electrochromic use
Authors: Wałęsa-Chorab Monika , Muras Kacper , Filiatrault Heather L. , Skene W. G.
Published: February 2022

A series of electroactive materials consisting of an aromatic core that was conjugated with two alkynes and flanked with two triphenyl amines was investigated as electrochromes and electrofluorochromes.
Indeno-anthraquinone hosts with thermally activated delayed fluorescence for deep-red OLEDs
Authors: Yin Chen , Liu Ruihuan , Zhang Dongdong , Duan Lian
Published: February 2022

High efficiency and reduced efficiency roll-off were realized for a cationic iridium complex with deep-red emission based on an indeno-anthraquinone host endowing thermally activated delayed fluorescence.
Investigation of factors affecting the stability of compounds formed by isovalent substitution in layered oxychalcogenides, leading to identification of Ba3Sc2O5Cu2Se2, Ba3Y2O5Cu2S2, Ba3Sc2O5Ag2Se2 and Ba3In2O5Ag2Se2
Authors: Limburn Gregory J. , Davies Daniel W. , Langridge Neil , Malik Zahida , Williamson Benjamin A. D. , Scanlon David O. , Hyett Geoffrey
Published: February 2022

In this paper we identify a novel p-type conductor and a photocatalyst both adopting layered oxychalcogenide structure types, and also identify the factors which affect the stability of such compounds.
Enhancing ionic conductivity in tablet–bottlebrush block copolymer electrolytes with well-aligned nanostructures via solvent vapor annealing
Authors: Liu Dong , Yang Weilu , Liu Yun , Yang Shichu , Shen Zhihao , Fan Xing-He , Yang Huai , Zhou Qi-Feng
Published: February 2022

Solvent vapor annealing was employed to obtain tablet–bottlebrush block copolymer electrolytes (BCPEs) with well-aligned lamellar nanostructures stable at high temperatures above 200 °C. The alignment greatly enhances the ionic conductivity of the BCPE, with value reaching 2.19 mS cm−1 at 200 °C.
Probing photovoltaic performance in copper electrolyte dye-sensitized solar cells of variable TiO2 particle size using comprehensive interfacial analysis
Authors: Pradhan Sourava Chandra , Velore Jayadev , Hagfeldt Anders , Soman Suraj
Published: February 2022

Copper-based metal complex redox mediators proved to be an efficient, futuristic electrolyte for dye-sensitized solar cell (DSC) applications addressing many critical issues of conventional iodide/triiodide electrolytes.
Mechanochromic cyclodextrins
Authors: Sugita Yuki , Aoki Daisuke , Tokita Masatoshi , Otsuka Hideyuki
Published: February 2022

Cyclodextrins effectively work as mechanical-force transducers.
A metal-free catalyst for the efficient and stable one-step photocatalytic production of pure hydrogen peroxide
Authors: Shi Hong , Wu Qingyao , Wu Zhenyu , Liu Yan , Wang Xiting , Huang Hui , Liu Yang , Kang Zhenhui
Published: February 2022

A metal-free photocatalyst composed of quercetin-1 and methyl blue-1 (CQM-1) shows high photocatalytic activity for the photoproduction of pure H2O2 under visible light (λ ≥ 420 nm) by a dual-channel pathway.
Effective carbon dioxide uptake in a tailored covalent organic framework with pore size and active atom regulation
Authors: Zhang Yuwei , Chen Zhangfu , Liu Qianyu , Wan Jieqiong
Published: February 2022

A novel tailored covalent organic framework (T-COF) with microporous structure has been designed and constructed for effective CO2 uptake.
Hot off the press
Authors: Hill Robert A. , Sutherland Andrew
Published: February 2022

A personal selection of 32 recent papers is presented covering various aspects of current developments in bioorganic chemistry and novel natural products such as anisotanol A from Anisodus tanguticus.
Synthesis of phenoxathiins using an iron-catalysed C–H thioarylation
Authors: Dodds Amy C. , Sutherland Andrew
Published: February 2022

A C–H thioarylation reaction involving the combination of iron and biaryl sulfide catalysis has been used as the key step for the synthesis of phenoxathiins.
Synthesis of 2-monosubstituted indolin-3-ones by cine-substitution of 3-azido-2-methoxyindolines
Authors: Yamashiro Toshiki , Abe Takumi , Sawada Daisuke
Published: February 2022

We have developed an efficient reaction of 3-azido-2-methoxyindolines with O-nucleophiles in the presence of a Lewis acid, affording 2-monoacyloxy or alkoxy indolin-3-ones.
NMR analysis of the enantiomeric purity of chiral diols by a new chiral boron agent
Authors: Zhang Xuebo , Xu Jing , Sun Zhaofeng , Bian Guangling , Song Ling
Published: February 2022

A new boric agent with bridged structure, boric acid D, was first synthesized and used as an excellent chiral derivative agent for highly efficient enantiodiscrimination of various diols.
Deciphering the exceptional kinetics of hierarchical nitrogen-doped carbon electrodes for high-performance vanadium redox flow batteries
Authors: Li Yang , Yang Shida , Zhao Yunhe , Mubarak Nauman , Xu Mengyang , Ihsan-Ul-Haq Muhammad , Zhao Tianshou , Chen Qing , Kim Jang-Kyo
Published: February 2022

The exceptional kinetics of VO2+/VO2+ on a hierarchical nitrogen-doped carbon electrode are quantitatively deciphered by diffusion-less cyclic voltammetry and theoretical calculations.
Buformin alleviates sepsis-induced acute lung injury via inhibiting NLRP3-mediated pyroptosis through an AMPK-dependent pathway
Authors: Liu Bohao , Wang Zhong , He Ruyuan , Xiong Rui , Li Guorui , Zhang Lin , Fu Tinglv , Li Chenyuan , Li Ning , Geng Qing
Published: February 2022

Background: NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3)-mediated macrophage pyroptosis plays an important role in sepsis-induced acute lung injury (ALI). Inhibition of pyroptosis may be a way to alleviate inflammation as well as tissue damage triggered after lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation. The aim of the present study was to explore whether buformin (BF), a hypoglycemic agent, could alleviate sepsis-induced ALI by inhibiting pyroptosis.

Methods: Wildtype C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into control group, BF group, LPS group and LPS+BF group. BF group and LPS+BF group were pretreated with BF at a dose of 25 mg/kg, and the changes were observed. In addition, BF was used to interfere with THP-1 cells. The therapeutic effect of BF has been verified by intraperitoneal injection of BF in vivo after LPS stimulation.

Results: Inflammation and injury was significantly reduced in BF pretreated mice, and the indexes related to pyroptosis were suppressed. The phosphorylation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) in lung tissues of mice in the BF and LPS+BF groups was significantly higher. In THP-1 cells, the AMPK inhibitor, Compound C was added to demonstrate that BF worked via AMPK to inhibit NLRP3 inflammasome. It was further demonstrated that BF up-regulated autophagy, which in turn promoted NLRP3 inflammasome degradation. On the other hand, BF decreased NLRP3 mRNA level by increasing nuclear factor-erythroid 2 related factor 2 (Nrf2). And BF showed a therapeutic effect after LPS challenge.

Conclusion: Our study confirmed that BF inhibited NLRP3-mediated pyroptosis in sepsis-induced ALI by up-regulating autophagy and Nrf2 protein level through an AMPK-dependent pathway. This provides a new strategy for clinical mitigation of sepsis-induced ALI.
Role of prostaglandin D2 receptors in the pathogenesis of abdominal aortic aneurysm formation
Authors: Weintraub Neal L. , Blomkalns Andra L. , Ogbi Mourad , Horimatsu Tetsuo , Benson Tyler W. , Huo Yuqing , Fulton David J. , Agarwal Gautam , Lee Richard , Winkler Michael A. , Young Lufei , Fujise Ken , Guha Avirup , Fukai Tohru , Ushio-Fukai Masuko , Long Xiaochun , Annex Brian H. , Kim Ha Won
Published: February 2022

Prostaglandin D2 (PGD2) released from immune cells or other cell types activates its receptors, D prostanoid receptor (DP)1 and 2 (DP1 and DP2), to promote inflammatory responses in allergic and lung diseases. Prostaglandin-mediated inflammation may also contribute to vascular diseases such as abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA). However, the role of DP receptors in the pathogenesis of AAA has not been systematically investigated. In the present study, DP1-deficient mice and pharmacological inhibitors of either DP1 or DP2 were tested in two distinct mouse models of AAA formation: angiotensin II (AngII) infusion and calcium chloride (CaCl2) application. DP1-deficient mice [both heterozygous (DP1+/−) and homozygous (DP1−/−)] were protected against CaCl2-induced AAA formation, in conjunction with decreased matrix metallopeptidase (MMP) activity and adventitial inflammatory cell infiltration. In the AngII infusion model, DP1+/− mice, but not DP1−/− mice, exhibited reduced AAA formation. Interestingly, compensatory up-regulation of the DP2 receptor was detected in DP1−/− mice in response to AngII infusion, suggesting a potential role for DP2 receptors in AAA. Treatment with selective antagonists of DP1 (laropiprant) or DP2 (fevipiprant) protected against AAA formation, in conjunction with reduced elastin degradation and aortic inflammatory responses. In conclusion, PGD2 signaling contributes to AAA formation in mice, suggesting that antagonists of DP receptors, which have been extensively tested in allergic and lung diseases, may be promising candidates to ameliorate AAA.
Hearing Aid Technology Settings and Speech-in-Noise Difficulties
Authors: Davidson Alyssa , Marrone Nicole , Souza Pamela
Published: February 2022

Purpose:

Hearing aids are the primary method to manage hearing loss. However, there are limited recommendations for when and how to set advanced hearing aid features. The purpose of this study is to describe how hearing aid features are utilized in clinically fit devices and to evaluate the relationship between the fitted hearing aid feature and the Quick Speech-in-Noise Test (QuickSIN).

Method:

Data from two laboratories were evaluated retrospectively, resulting in 107 bilateral hearing aid participants who obtained their hearing aids at clinics in their communities. Ages ranged from 60 to 93 years. Degree of speech-in-noise difficulty was evaluated using the QuickSIN (mild, moderate, or severe). Settings for directionality, digital noise reduction (DNR), and hearing assistive technology (HAT) use were documented. Directionality was categorized as omnidirectional, fixed (full-time directional), or adaptive (adjusts automatically based on noise source). DNR was recorded as either on or off. HAT use was recorded as either yes or no.

Results:

QuickSIN scores ranged from −1.5 to 25 dB SNR loss (
M
= 7). A moderate correlation was determined for QuickSIN scores and pure-tone averages. Adaptive directionality was used most often, most participants had DNR turned on, and HAT use was low. The biggest contributions to the Chi-square test for directionality and degrees of speech-in-noise difficulty together were fixed/severe, fixed/moderate, and adaptive/mild.

Conclusions:

In this clinical sample, there was limited HAT use and advanced features are not set in a way that is consistent with speech-in-noise abilities. It is likely that patients fit with noise management that is not suited to their listening abilities are experiencing increased difficulties in challenging listening environments that could potentially be mitigated with alternative management. Evidence-based research on prefitting measures of speech in noise to help inform patient-centered clinical decisions is needed.
Open-Set Phoneme Recognition Performance With Varied Temporal Cues in Younger and Older Cochlear Implant Users
Authors: Shader Maureen J. , Kwon Bomjun J. , Gordon-Salant Sandra , Goupell Matthew J.
Published: February 2022

Purpose:

The goal of this study was to investigate the effect of age on phoneme recognition performance in which the stimuli varied in the amount of temporal information available in the signal. Chronological age is increasingly recognized as a factor that can limit the amount of benefit an individual can receive from a cochlear implant (CI). Central auditory temporal processing deficits in older listeners may contribute to the performance gap between younger and older CI users on recognition of phonemes varying in temporal cues.

Method:

Phoneme recognition was measured at three stimulation rates (500, 900, and 1800 pulses per second) and two envelope modulation frequencies (50 Hz and unfiltered) in 20 CI participants ranging in age from 27 to 85 years. Speech stimuli were multiple word pairs differing in temporal contrasts and were presented via direct stimulation of the electrode array using an eight-channel continuous interleaved sampling strategy. Phoneme recognition performance was evaluated at each stimulation rate condition using both envelope modulation frequencies.

Results:

Duration of deafness was the strongest subject-level predictor of phoneme recognition, with participants with longer durations of deafness having poorer performance overall. Chronological age did not predict performance for any stimulus condition. Additionally, duration of deafness interacted with envelope filtering. Participants with shorter durations of deafness were able to take advantage of higher frequency envelope modulations, while participants with longer durations of deafness were not.

Conclusions:

Age did not significantly predict phoneme recognition performance. In contrast, longer durations of deafness were associated with a reduced ability to utilize available temporal information within the signal to improve phoneme recognition performance.