bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Rallying round the flag of the Star of David during the first wave of Covid-19: Increased popular support for Netanyahu in the time of crisis
Authors: Hamanaka Shingo
Published: October 2020

The new coronavirus epidemic was perceived as a national crisis, and Israel mobilized all its security agencies to formulate countermeasures. Prime Minister Netanyahu seems to have successfully capitalized on this national crisis to boost support for himself in the short term. Prime Minister However, as discussed below, even if the growing death toll from the outbreak was reversed, there were other countries whose successes did not translate into increased support for the government, one of which was Japan.This study analyzes the surge in support for the prime minister during the first wave of the coronavirus epidemic in Israel within the framework of the rally effect. Israel was chosen as a case study for two reasons. First, the country was repeatedly polled during the first wave of infection. Second, a special policy that met the requirements for natural experimentation—a strict compartmentalized blockade limited to certain areas—had been in place for a while. These two conditions mean that a study of Israel during the first wave of the epidemic will allow us to make discoveries about the conditions under which a society supports its political leaders in the face of a national crisis.
RESEARCH ON REGIONAL ECONOMIC COOPERATION BETWEEN CHINA AND MONGOLIA
Authors: Mavidkhaan Baasandulam
Published: October 2020

Regional economic integration has become inevitable to promote the further development of regional economy in China and Mongolia. Since China’s reform and opening up and Mongolia’s democratic revolution, China Mongolia regional economic cooperation has been developing continuously. This paper summarizes the trend of economic cooperation between China and Mongolia through the analysis of economic and trade cooperation between China and Mongolia and the influencing factors of regional economy.
Evaluation of adaptivity of herbal peony varieties, depending on ecological and biological conditions of Moscow region
Authors: Artyukhova A. V. , Kelina A. V.
Published: October 2020

The study, maintenance, and replenishment of the genetic collection of the herbaceous peony in the All-Russian Horticultural Institute for Breeding, Agrotechnology and Nursery is conducted since the 80s of the XX century. The article provides information on the evaluation of reproductive ability: high-productive varieties were revealed – Dawn Pink, Early Scout, Vostok, Yubilej Revolyutsii, Seraphim, Goldich, Ufimskie Zori, Pervaya Radost’, Gloirette, Marry Eddy Jones, Pobeda, Podmoskovnye Vechera, Old Lace, Agidel’, Tomas Waar, Nezhnyj, Martha Bulloch, Mihail Lomonosov, Parkovyj, Pfeiff er’s Red Triumph, Odile et al., their reproductive capacity is estimated of 8-10 points; resistant varieties to Botrytis paeonie Qud were identified – Mamino Serdechko, Varen’ka, Orlenok, El’brus, Moguchij, Polonez, Rossiya, Brat Moguchego, SHkol’nyj Val’s, Valentina Tereshkova, Parkovyj 1, Zhemchuzhina Urala, Zor’ka, Rhapsody, President Wilson, The Fawn, Moon Glow, Yellow King, Waikiki, Белый парус, Sinbad, Gene Wild; varieties strongly aff ected by Cronartium fl accidum (Alb. et Schw.) Wint.) were identified – Lunnaya Doroga, Tajfun, Parkovyj 2, Nahodka, Agidel’, Ufimskie Zori, Kuril’skie Ostrova, Shirley Temple, M-me Calot, M-me Claude Tain, Goldich. The analysis of weather conditions in the years of research is given. Varieties that are resistant to adverse conditions are identified, their significance is determined and in the future the possibility of propagation and use in landscaping, as well as preservation in collection stands. Directions for further study of the collection’s varieties are outlined. Keywords: peony herbaceous, collection, decorative qualities, weather conditions, adaptability
Promising forms of apricot for the conditions of the Orenburg Urals
Authors: Beskopyl’naya V. V. , Mushinskiy A. A. , Aminova E. V. , Saudabayeva A. Zh.
Published: October 2020

The article describes new forms of apricot revealed in the sharply continental climate of the steppe zone of the southern Urals. The research was carried out in the period 2014-2020 on the basis of the Orenburg experimental station of horticulture and viticulture of the All-Russian Horticultural Institute for Breeding, Agrotechnology and Nursery. The experiment was conducted on annual seedlings in rain-fed conditions on a collection site in 2013, the layout of trees is 6×4 m. The soil of the experimental site and the adjacent massif is southern carbonate Chernozem, low-power, medium-loamy. According to productivity, fruit taste and winter hardiness (damage of 2 points), three forms of apricot SIZV-6-1, NO. 40, and D-36 were identified with the following characteristics: average fl owering period (from April 27 to May 1), the height is from 2 (D-36) to 3.5 (SI-ZV-6-1) meters, the yield is from 9.8 kg (form 40) to 15.7 kg per tree (form D-36). The revealed forms SI-ZV-6-1, No. 40 have a good, harmonious, sweet taste of fruits. The exception is the D-36 form, which has a sourness in the pulp. For all the time of research, the forms SI-SV-6-1, D-36, No. 40 were not aff ected by clasterosporium and moniliosis. The climatic conditions of the Orenburg region during the period of observation of phenological parameters were very diverse, which allowed us to give a comprehensive assessment of new forms of apricot. The information obtained during monitoring is new and can be used in breeding work.
Promising varieties and forms of golden currant (Ribes aureum Pursh.) in the conditions of the steppe zone of the Southern Urals
Authors: Aminova E. V. , Mushinskiy A. A. , Feshchenko E. M.
Published: October 2020

The article presents the results of many years of work on the study of golden currant (Ribes aureum Pursh.) in the conditions of the steppe zone of the Southern Urals. The study was carried out on the experimental plot of Orenburg Experimental Station of Horticulture and Viticulture in the 2009-2019. The object of research was varieties Samocvet, Uralskaya and forms 1-7, 2-1, 2-9, 2-6, 3-2 of golden currant. The soil cover of the experimental site was represented by ordinary chernozem, the humus content in the arable layer was 2.7-3.0 %, the phosphorus content was 18.4 mg/kg, potassium – 358.6 mg/kg, nitrogen – 96.6 mg/kg. There was shown the development of the scientific foundations of crop breeding in the steppe zone of the Southern Urals, where the gene pool was first created, from which new varieties with a complex of economically valuable traits were developed, and promising forms were identified. As a result of the research, promising varieties and forms were distributed by maturation period into 2 groups: medium (Samotsvet, Uralskaya, 1-7, 2-1, 2-9) and late (2-6, 3-2). Adapted varieties (Samotsvet, Uralskaya) and forms (2-6, 2-1) were revealed, which are distinguished by high productivity from a bush (from 4.8 to 5.6 kg), number of berries in a cluster (from 4.6 to 6 pcs. ), berry weight (from 3.4 to 4.1 g). A brief economic and biological characteristics of selected forms and varieties are given.
Rhizogenesis in clonal apple rootstocks (Malus Mill.) in vitro depending on the influence of abiotic factors
Authors: Bjadovskiy I. A.
Published: October 2020

In vitro culture at the rooting stage the aft ereff ect of the use of earlier (during proliferation) growth regulators with cytokinin activity (6-benzylaminopurine and thidiazuron) and the eff ect of lamps of diff erent spectral composition on the percentage of rooting and biometric parameters of the development of the roots of clonal apple rootstocks were studied. The following forms of apple clonal rootstocks were taken as objects of research: 54-118, 57-490, 57-545, ММ 106 and М 26. The research methods used at the stages of in vitro culture studies corresponded to those generally accepted for this section of research. Studies were performed on two variants of explants, one part was cultured at the proliferation stage on media with 6-benzylaminopurine and the other on media with tidiazurone. It was found that explants that were cultivated at the stage of proliferation on media with thidiazuron had a tendency to a subsequent increase in the number of roots (at the stage of rooting) by one microscopic cut, in comparison with cultivation on media with 6-benzylaminopurine, by 1.1-1.3 times, and this regularity was observed in all studied clonal rootstocks of the apple tree. It was noted that when explants were illuminated, explants had a greater percentage of rooting when illuminated with phytolamps in comparison with lighting with lamps with a color temperature of 6500K by 1.1-1.4 times in all studied apple rootstocks, and an increase in the number of roots per one microstalk was observed (for excluding rootstock 57-490), by 1.1-1.9 times. During the research, the specificity of rooting of clonal apple rootstocks was observed under the infl uence of the composition of light and the use of 6-benzylaminopurine and thidiazuron at the stage of proliferation, which was expressed in a higher ability to rhizogenesis of some rootstocks compared to others. The rootstocks MM 106 (83.3-93.9 %) and M26 (87.8-92.7 %) had a greater percentage of rooting, according to the average number of roots per one microcut, rootstocks 57-545 (15.4 pcs.), MM 106 (11.2 pcs.), and M 26 along the average root length (27.0 mm).
SMARTPHONE ADDICTION: A BOON OR BANE FOR PAKISTANI UNIVERSITY STUDENTS
Authors: Shah M. Anees ul Husnain , Ahmad Iqbal , Maqbool M. Adnan
Published: October 2020

The use of smartphones has enormously increased among students around the world. Few studies have focused on this critical issue in Pakistan. This study examined the influence of Smartphone addiction in Pakistan. A survey questionnaire was utilized to collect data consisting of three dimensions: (a) Smartphone usage, (b) textbook use, and (c) self-study. A total of 401 university students responded to the survey. The data were analyzed by calculating descriptive statistics, independent sample t-test, and ANOVA. The results showed significant differences in students' perceptions of all three dimensions of the questionnaire regarding gender, age, Grade Point Average (GPA), and year (academic session). Male students were found to have a higher tendency towards Smartphone use than female students compared to textbook use and self-study. The results of this study have broader policy implications for researchers and teachers of higher education.
Impact of Homework on the Student Academic Performance at Secondary School Level
Authors: Nisar Ul Haq Muhammad , Fatima Shakil Anila , Naseer Ud Din Muhammad
Published: October 2020

Homework is the means by which the relationship between home and school is demonstrated and developed, leading to more consistent progress in all aspects of school life. The current research was carried out in Gilgit Baltistan to find out the impact of homework on the academic performance of students at secondary level. The research was observed by teachers of Gilgit Baltistan public schools while 100 teachers were chosen by a random sampling technique as a sample. Questionnaires were as a research instrument. The study found that homework impacts learning for learners, its impact differs with the age of students, and it plays an important role in student achievement. The study proposed that homework should be purposeful, i.e. it should include the introduction of new content, the practise of skills, the creation of any data and the ability for students to explore topics of their own interest.
An Investigation of the Contribution of Women to the Socio-Economic
Authors: Urooge Saima , Jehan Noor , Sadiqa Bibi Aisha
Published: October 2020

The present study investigates women’s contribution to the socio-economic development of a country via their shares in the family’s total income. District Peshawar was selected as a research area A well-defined questionnaire was randomly distributed among women respondents both working women and housewives (sample size 450 = 300 urban and 150 rural). Two models, working women share in the income of household and wife’s share in household income were estimated. Based on the findings of research it is deducted that Model 2 for working women’s share in family’s total is preferred to second Model 2 for housewives shares in family’s total income although both models showed a positive and significant effect in most of the urban and rural areas of the Peshawar. It is suggested that the rate of economic participation of these women can be substantially raised through the introduction of appropriate measures if these are carried out with true letter and spirit.
Surgical management of incidentally discovered low-grade gliomas
Authors: Gogos Andrew J. , Young Jacob S. , Pereira Matheus P. , Morshed Ramin A. , Potts Matthew B. , Hervey-Jumper Shawn L. , Berger Mitchel S.
Published: October 2020

OBJECTIVE

Although most patients with low-grade glioma (LGG) present after a seizure, a small proportion is diagnosed after neuroimaging is performed for a sign or symptom unrelated to the tumor. While these tumors invariably grow, some surgeons argue for a watchful waiting approach. Here, the authors report on their experience in the surgical treatment of patients with incidental LGG (iLGG) and describe the neurological outcomes, survival, and complications.

METHODS

Relevant cases were identified from a prospective registry of patients undergoing glioma resection at the University of California, San Francisco, between 1997 and 2019. Cases were considered iLGG when the lesion was noted on imaging performed for a reason unrelated to the tumor. Demographic, clinical, pathological, and imaging data were extracted from the electronic medical record. Tumor volumes, growth, and extent of resection were calculated from pre- and postoperative volumetric FLAIR sequences.

RESULTS

One hundred thirteen of 657 (17.2%) first-time resections for LGG were for incidental lesions. The most common reasons for the discovery of an iLGG were headaches (without mass effect, 34.5%) or trauma (16.8%). Incidental tumors were no different from symptomatic lesions in terms of laterality or location, but they were significantly smaller (22.5 vs 57.5 cm3, p < 0.0001). There was no difference in diagnosis between patients with iLGG and those with symptomatic LGG (sLGG), incorporating both molecular and pathological data. The median preoperative observation time for iLGG was 3.1 months (range 1 month–12 years), and there was a median growth rate of 3.9 cm3/year. Complete resection of the FLAIR abnormality was achieved in 57% of patients with incidental lesions but only 23.8% of symptomatic lesions (p < 0.001), and the residual volumes were smaller for iLGGs (2.9 vs 13.5 cm3, p < 0.0001). Overall survival was significantly longer for patients with incidental tumors (median survival not reached for patients with iLGG vs 14.6 years for those with sLGG, p < 0.0001). There was a 4.4% rate of neurological deficits at 6 months.

CONCLUSIONS

The authors present the largest cohort of iLGGs. Patient age, tumor location, and molecular genetics were not different between iLGGs and sLGGs. Incidental tumors were smaller, a greater extent of resection could be achieved, and overall survival was improved compared to those for patients with sLGG. Operative morbidity and rates of neurological deficit were acceptably low; thus, the authors advocate upfront surgical intervention aimed at maximal safe resection for these incidentally discovered lesions.
The value of intraoperative MRI in recurrent intracranial tumor surgery
Authors: Wang Sophie S. , Selge Friederike , Sebök Martina , Scheffler Pierre , Yang Yang , Brandi Giovanna , Winklhofer Sebastian , Bozinov Oliver
Published: October 2020

OBJECTIVE

Identifying tumor remnants in previously operated tumor lesions remains a challenge. Intraoperative MRI (ioMRI) helps the neurosurgeon to reorient and update image guidance during surgery. The purpose of this study was to analyze whether ioMRI is more efficient in detecting tumor remnants in the surgery of recurrent lesions compared with primary surgery.

METHODS

All consecutive patients undergoing elective intracranial tumor surgery between 2013 and 2018 at the authors’ institution were included in this retrospective cohort study. The cohort was divided into two groups: re-craniotomy and primary craniotomy. In contrast-enhancing tumors, tumor suspicion in ioMRI was defined as contrast enhancement in T1-weighted imaging. In non–contrast-enhancing tumors, tumor suspicion was defined as hypointensity in T1-weighted imaging and hyperintensity in T2-weighted imaging and FLAIR. In cases in which the ioMRI tumor suspicion was a false positive and not confirmed during in situ inspection by the neurosurgeon, the signal was defined as a tumor-imitating ioMRI signal (TIM). Descriptive statistics were performed.

RESULTS

A total of 214 tumor surgeries met the inclusion criteria. The re-craniotomy group included 89 surgeries, and the primary craniotomy group included 123 surgeries. Initial complete resection after ioMRI was less frequent in the re-craniotomy group than in the primary craniotomy group, but this was not a statistically significant difference. Radiological suspicion of tumor remnants in ioMRI was present in 78% of re-craniotomy surgeries and 69% of primary craniotomy surgeries. The incidence of false-positive TIMs was significantly higher in the re-craniotomy group (n = 11, 12%) compared with the primary craniotomy group (n = 5, 4%; p = 0.015), and in contrast-enhancing tumors was related to hemorrhages in situ (n = 9).

CONCLUSIONS

A history of previous surgery in contrast-enhancing tumors made correct identification of tumor remnants in ioMRI more difficult, with a higher rate of false-positive ioMRI signals in the re-craniotomy group. The majority of TIMs were associated with the inability to distinguish contrast enhancement from hyperacute hemorrhage. The addition of a specific sequence in ioMRI to further differentiate both should be investigated in future studies.
Walk Local, Argue Local: A Campus-Based Prompt for a Basic Writing Course
Authors: Langdon Lance , Lloyd Jens
Published: October 2020

This assignment deploys place-based pedagogy in a basic writing course, and enacts it through first-person research in the form of a walking tour of a university campus. Students first read and discuss two texts about their campus: an article analyzing campus architecture and a philosophical treatise about the campus park. Students then marshal evidence gathered through a walking tour to argue with one of these texts. In addition to bolstering students’ confidence for contesting claims advanced by authorities, this assignment encourages students and teachers alike to cultivate a more deliberate awareness of their surroundings. Because this assignment is meant to be grounded in a specific locale, instructors adapting this prompt are encouraged to seek out texts addressing their own institutional settings.
Proceso de formación en tipificación en el código orgánico integral penal para los delitos cibernéticos
Authors: Rodas Soto Patricia , Loor Elizabeth
Published: October 2020

Actualmente las computadoras se utilizan no sólo como equipos de soporte a diferentes diligencias humanas, sino como medio obtener información, a su vez la informática está presente en casi todos los campos de la vida moderna. El presente artículo aborda los delitos informáticos que logran ser considerados como crímenes electrónicos, tan graves que consiguen llegar a ser un genérico problema para el avance de la informática. Estos delitos tienen consigo lo que es fraude, robo, falsificación (documentos), etc. El ejemplo más claro es cuando una persona sea hombre o mujer consigue robar información y causar daños de servidores o computadores que llegan ser la mayoría virtuales para la información está de forma digital cuyo daño cada vez se vuelve más grande. Podemos apreciar, el análisis de las acciones realizadas por parte de diversos países para regular esta incidencia en las redes digitales y a su vez dar recomendaciones para que los usuarios puedan adoptar para mejorar su experiencia mientras navegan en esta red. En la investigación realizada tenemos como puntos clave el realizar una investigación bibliográfica del arte de los delitos informáticos en el Ecuador, quienes lo hemos comparado con la legislación de otros países en la cual se verá que aún tenemos mucho que cambiar. En las conclusiones dadas están que nuestro debería de reestructurar su Código Orgánico Integral Penal(COIP), y el tener más severas para quienes infrinjan las ley el hurto de información, el desvío de dinero, a quienes se les confía el dinero de los usuario, de lo cual es materia de estudio, que no solo sea investigado y sancionado el representante legal si no también el funcionario bancario que dé o accese a la información de la base de datos de las diferentes instituciones financieras en el Ecuador.
Contribuições de estudos acadêmicos para o estresse no trabalho
Authors: SILVA Luis
Published: October 2020

O principal objetivo deste estudo é identificar o nível de estresse no trabalho que os trabalhadores de uma das áreas comerciais mais antigas e produtivas da cidade de Guayaquil. A organização em que o estudo foi mantido mantém seu anonimato, sua atividade econômica é a comercialização de roupas, a mesma que possui cerca de 10 unidades de atendimento, a amostra foi de 243 trabalhadores, o que representa uma média de 95% da população. organização. Foi utilizado o Questionário de Estresse da OIT / OMS (Organização Internacional do Trabalho e Organização Mundial da Saúde); em sua aplicação, foi obtido um escore de 0,93 de acordo com a medida de consistência interna alfa de Crombach. A conclusão do estudo indica que as pessoas que prestam seus serviços de trabalho a essa organização na Baía de Guayaquil estão expostas a condições de trabalho recarregadas, como o alto número de horas de trabalho, a escassez de dias de descanso, o clima de trabalho denso, a liderança focou apenas no resultado, portanto, essa organização possui um alto nível de estresse no trabalho; Isso pode causar efeitos potenciais negativos na saúde de seus trabalhadores. Em si mesmas, essas condições podem afetar a consecução da missão e o escopo da visão da organização.
Enzyme-Accelerated Acid Hydrolysis of Untanned Proteinaceous Wastes from Tanning Industry
Authors:   Leather Research Institute, Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (BCSIR), Savar, Dhaka-1350, Bangladesh, Nur-E-Alam Md. , Akter Nasifa ,   Leather Research Institute, Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (BCSIR), Savar, Dhaka-1350, Bangladesh, Fatema Kanish ,   Leather Research Institute, Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (BCSIR), Savar, Dhaka-1350, Bangladesh, Azad Md. Abul Kashem ,   Leather Research Institute, Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (BCSIR), Savar, Dhaka-1350, Bangladesh, Chakma Shimul ,   Delhi Technological University, Delhi, 110042, India, Khan Md. Anwar Arfien ,   Institute of Mining, Mineralogy and Metallugy, BCSIR, Joypurhat
Published: October 2020

Traditionally, tanning industry has been producing considerable amounts of solid wastes, which raises serious concerns on account of their environmental impact. Out of these, untanned raw trimmings account for about 5-7% of the total quantity of raw materials processed. This waste could be a value-added cheap source of collagen, which has numerous industrial applications if properly and scientifically utilized. This research work deals with the utilization of raw trimmings of solid waste from tanneries in the process of enzymatic hydrolysis, performed by using acetic acid and protease, in order to obtain protein hydrolysate. The hydrolysis was carried out with varying acid concentrations, acid solutions, temperatures and times. The maximum obtained protein hydrolysate was about 88% at 1.5 M acid concentration, 4% enzyme ratio, and 60 °C.
PENGARUH Trichoderma asperellum DAN KOMPOS TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN DAN HASIL TANAMAN BAWANG MERAH VARIETAS LEMBAH PALU (Allium L.x Wakegi Araki)
Authors: Jaya Kasman , Idris Idris , Yuliana
Published: October 2020

This study aims to determine the effect of giving T. asperellum and compost on the growth and yield of shallots of the Palu Valley variety. This research was conducted on July to September 2019 in Oloboju Village, Sigi Biromaru District, Sigi Regency, Central Sulawesi Province. This research is a kind of experimental research that is designed by using a Randomized Group Design  with grouping based on watering time. The treatments tested consisted of: P0 = Control (without treatment), P1 = T. asperellum 48g + 12 liters of water, P2 = T. asperellum 48g + 12kg compost and P3 = 12kg compost. To determine the effect of the treatment being tried, a diversity test was conducted. If the diversity test results show a real influence, then proceed with the Honestly Significant Difference test (BNJ) α = 0.05 to find out the differences between treatments. Treatment of various combinations of T. asperellum and compost significantly affected plant height at ages 15 and 25 HST, but had no significant effect on the number of leaves, leaf fresh weight, root fresh weight, leaf dry weight, root dry weight, number of tubers per clump, fresh tuber weight per clump, fresh tuber weight per plot and fresh tuber weight per hectare. The compost treatment gives a better effect on the height of plants aged 15 HST (average 15.09cm) and 25 HST (average 19.86cm).
PENERAPAN MODEL PEMBELAJARAN QUANTUM LEARNING UNTUK MENINGKATKAN HASIL BELAJAR SISWA KELAS VII A MTs. ALKHAIRAAT BIROMARU PADA MATERI ARITMATIKA SOSIAL
Authors: Sultan Lisdayanti , Hajerina Hajerina
Published: October 2020

The basic problem in this study is the low students learning outcomes in social arithmetic material regarding the profit, loss and percentage and discount in class VII A MTs Alkhairaat Biromaru 2017/2018 school year. There are several causes of the low students learning outcomes including teachers are still learning centers so students still tend to be passive in learning. This makes students become inactive, recultant, afraid and ashamend to ask. Therefore, to improve the learning outcomes of students of class VII A MTs Alkhairaat Biromaru and maximize learning, the researcher applied a quantum learning model, which is a learning model whose entire learning process can sharpen understanding and memory, and make learning a pleasant and useful process, so that learning becomes more motivated. The quantum learning model consists of 6 learning components, namely : 1. grow, 2. natural, 3. name, . demonstrate, 5. repeat, 6. Celebrate This research is a classroom action research using  qualitative approachthat aims to improve the learning outcomes of class VII A MTs Alkhairaat Biromaru sudents. The subject of this study were all students of class VII A totaling 21 people. In the research tht has been carried out, the result of his study indicate that learning activities have been going well and have increased in each cycle. This can be seen from the percentage of completeness of classical learning. In the final test of the first cycle reached the average score of students that is 71,43% with the amount of absorption of 15 students. Then in the final test the second cycle increased to 85,71% in good qualifications. With the number of students who get individual absorption of 18 students.
Soziale Ungleichheit in der Freiwilligenarbeit
Authors: Beckmann Fabian , Schönauer Anna-Lena
Published: October 2020

Freiwilligenarbeit gilt als normativer Grundpfeiler einer Bürgergesellschaft, ist zugleich aber hochgradig sozialselektiv. Der Beitrag beleuchtet soziale Ungleichheiten in der Freiwilligenarbeit und zeigt, dass neben objektiven Soziallagen auch Wert- und politische Orientierungen von Bedeutung sind.
Autoförderung in der Krise – aber nur zugunsten der E-Mobilität
Authors: Budrich Edmund
Published: October 2020

Bundestag und Bundesrat haben am 29.6.2020 ein Konjunkturpaket verabschiedet. Es soll den Folgen der Corona-Krise entgegenwirken. Neben vielen anderen Maßnahmen enthält das Paket eine Förderung der E-Mobilität in Form einer Prämie beim Kauf eines E-Autos. Keine Prämie wird für den Kauf von Autos mit Verbrennungsmotor versprochen. Diese ungleiche Behandlung führte zu einer heftigen Diskussion. Mit ihrer Entscheidung hat die Bundesregierung ihre Politik der E-Mobilität erneut bestätigt, die sie über mehr als ein Jahrzehnt, durch drei Legislaturperioden hindurch und in unterschiedlichen Koalitionen, verfolgt hat.
Erwerbsarbeit und Digitalisierung. Corona als Vorgeschmack auf das, was kommt?
Authors: Hipp Lena
Published: October 2020

Über: Lisa Herzog, Die Rettung der Arbeit. Ein politischer Aufruf , 2019, Berlin. Ausgangspunkt des Buches ist die spätestens seit der Marienthal-Studie (Jahoda, Lazarsfeld und Zeisel, 1975 [1933]) fest etablierte Erkenntnis, dass Erwerbsarbeit nicht nur Einkommensquelle ist, sondern auch ein Element, das den Alltag der meisten Menschen strukturiert und sie sozial integriert. Diese Funktionen gilt es zu schützen, wenn nicht gar zu retten. Für Herzog ist Erwerbsarbeit eine „zutiefst menschliche Angelegenheit“, die insbesondere im Zuge einer fortschreitenden Digitalisierung zusätzlicher sozialer, organisatorischer und rechtlicher Gestaltung bedarf, um ihre Integrationsfunktion weiterhin und für viele Menschen beizubehalten. Sie hinterfragt zentrale Vorstellungen, die wir von Arbeit – insbesondere digitalisierter Arbeit – haben, und entwickelt daraus Ansätze und Vorschläge, wie die Spielregeln einer digitalisierten Arbeitswelt lauten könnten. Dazu betrachtet sie fünf Themenfelder: Arbeitsteilung, politische Gestaltung der Arbeitswelt, Verantwortung und Haftung im Wirtschaftsleben, Hierarchien und der soziale Gestaltungswert von Erwerbsarbeit.
Serum interleukin-8 as a potential diagnostic biomarker in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Huang Zeting , Zhou Bin , Li Zheng , Liu Cantong , Zheng Chunwen , Zeng Ruijie , Hong Chaoqun , Xu Liyan , Li Enmin , Peng Yuhui , Xu Yiwei
Published: October 2020

BACKGROUND: Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) has poor prognosis mainly due to the difficulty of making early diagnosis. Therefore, novel biomarkers are critically needed. OBJECTIVE: We aimed to investigate the diagnostic value of serum interleukin-8 (IL-8) in ESCC. METHODS: Data mining of TCGA was used to analyze expression level of IL-8 mRNA in esophageal carcinoma. Serum levels of IL-8 were measured in 103 ESCC patients and 86 normal controls by ELISA. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to evaluate its diagnostic accuracy. RESULTS: IL-8 mRNA expression level and serum IL-8 concentration were both statistically higher in patients than normal controls (P< 0.001). ROC curve demonstrated that the optimum diagnostic cut-off for serum IL-8 was 80.082 pg/mL, providing an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.694 (95% CI: 0.620–0.768), with specificity of 86.0% and sensitivity of 42.7%. The AUC for early-stage ESCC was 0.618 (95% CI: 0.499–0.737), with sensitivity of 35.3% and specificity of 86.0%. Kaplan-Meier analysis and the log-rank test indicated that IL-8 may not be a prognostic predictor for ESCC. CONCLUSIONS: Serum IL-8 was highly expressed in ESCC patients and may be a potential marker for early diagnosis of ESCC.
Canal-LASSO: A sparse noise-resilient online linear regression model
Authors: Lei Hejie , Chen Xingke , Jian Ling
Published: October 2020

Least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) is one of the most commonly used methods for shrinkage estimation and variable selection. Robust variable selection methods via penalized regression, such as least absolute deviation LASSO (LAD-LASSO), etc., have gained growing attention in works of literature. However those penalized regression procedures are still sensitive to noisy data. Furthermore, “concept drift” makes learning from streaming data fundamentally different from the traditional batch learning. Focusing on the shrinkage estimation and variable selection tasks on noisy streaming data, this paper presents a noise-resilient online learning regression model, i.e. canal-LASSO. Comparing with the LASSO and LAD-LASSO, canal-LASSO is resistant to noisy data in both explanatory variables and response variables. Extensive simulation studies demonstrate satisfactory sparseness and noise-resilient performances of canal-LASSO.
Boosting meta-learning with simulated data complexity measures
Authors: Garcia Luís P.F. , Rivolli Adriano , Alcoba Edesio , Lorena Ana C. , de Carvalho André C.P.L.F.
Published: October 2020

Meta-Learning has been largely used over the last years to support the recommendation of the most suitable machine learning algorithm(s) and hyperparameters for new datasets. Traditionally, a meta-base is created containing meta-features extracted from several datasets along with the performance of a pool of machine learning algorithms when applied to these datasets. The meta-features must describe essential aspects of the dataset and distinguish different problems and solutions. However, if one wants the use of Meta-Learning to be computationally efficient, the extraction of the meta-feature values should also show a low computational cost, considering a trade-off between the time spent to run all the algorithms and the time required to extract the meta-features. One class of measures with successful results in the characterization of classification datasets is concerned with estimating the underlying complexity of the classification problem. These data complexity measures take into account the overlap between classes imposed by the feature values, the separability of the classes and distribution of the instances within the classes. However, the extraction of these measures from datasets usually presents a high computational cost. In this paper, we propose an empirical approach designed to decrease the computational cost of computing the data complexity measures, while still keeping their descriptive ability. The proposal consists of a novel Meta-Learning system able to predict the values of the data complexity measures for a dataset by using simpler meta-features as input. In an extensive set of experiments, we show that the predictive performance achieved by Meta-Learning systems which use the predicted data complexity measures is similar to the performance obtained using the original data complexity measures, but the computational cost involved in their computation is significantly reduced.
Bayesian hierarchical K-means clustering
Authors: Liu Yue , Li Bufang
Published: October 2020

Clustering algorithm is the foundation and important technology in data mining. In fact, in the real world, the data itself often has a hierarchical structure. Hierarchical clustering aims at constructing a cluster tree, which reveals the underlying modal structure of a complex density. Due to its inherent complexity, most existing hierarchical clustering algorithms are usually designed heuristically without an explicit objective function, which limits its utilization and analysis. K-means clustering, the well-known simple yet effective algorithm which can be expressed from the view of probability distribution, has inherent connection to Mixture of Gaussians (MoG). At this point, we consider combining Bayesian theory analysis with K-means algorithm. This motivates us to develop a hierarchical clustering based on K-means under the probability distribution framework, which is different from existing hierarchical K-means algorithms processing data in a single-pass manner along with heuristic strategies. For this goal, we propose an explicit objective function for hierarchical clustering, termed as Bayesian hierarchical K-means (BHK-means). In our method, a cascaded clustering tree is constructed, in which all layers interact with each other in the network-like manner. In this cluster tree, the clustering results of each layer are influenced by the parent and child nodes. Therefore, the clustering result of each layer is dynamically improved in accordance with the global hierarchical clustering objective function. The objective function is solved using the same algorithm as K-means, the Expectation-maximization algorithm. The experimental results on both synthetic data and benchmark datasets demonstrate the effectiveness of our algorithm over the existing related ones.
Subcutaneous Administration of AMD3100 into Mice Models of Alzheimer’s Disease Ameliorated Cognitive Impairment, Reduced Neuroinflammation, and Improved Pathophysiological Markers
Authors: Gavriel Yuval , Rabinovich-Nikitin Inna , Ezra Assaf , Barbiro Becki , Solomon Beka
Published: October 2020

Background: Alzheimer’s disease (AD), the prevalent dementia in the elderly, involves many related and interdependent pathologies that manifest simultaneously, leading to cognitive impairment and death. Amyloid-β (Aβ) accumulation in the brain triggers the onset of AD, accompanied by neuroinflammatory response and pathological changes. The CXCR4/CXCL12 (SDF1) axis is one of the major signal transduction cascades involved in the inflammation process and regulation of homing of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) within the bone marrow niche. Inhibition of the axis with AMD3100, a reversible antagonist of CXCR4 mobilizes endogenous HSCs from the bone marrow into the periphery, facilitating the recruitment of bone marrow-derived microglia-like cells into the brain, attenuates the neuroinflammation process that involves release of excitotoxic markers such as TNFα, intracellular Ca2 +, and glutamate and upregulates monocarboxylate transporter 1, the major L-lactate transporter in the brain. Objective: Herein, we investigate if administration of a combination of AMD3100 and L-lactate may have beneficial effects in the treatment of AD. Methods: We tested the feasibility of the combined treatment for short- and long-term efficacy for inducing endogenous stem cells’ mobilization and attenuation of neuroinflammation in two distinct amyloid-β-induced AD mouse models. Results: The combined treatment did not demonstrate any adverse effects on the mice, and resulted in a significant improvement in cognitive/memory functions, attenuated neuroinflammation, and alleviated AD pathologies compared to each treatment alone. Conclusion: This study showed AMD3100’s beneficial effect in ameliorating AD pathogenesis, suggesting an alternative to the multistep procedures of transplantation of stem cells in the treatment of AD.
Understanding the Association Between Antidepressants and the Risk of Being Diagnosed with Dementia in Older People: A Self-Controlled Case Series Study
Authors: Xu Zhongzhi , Yang Jiannan , Lau Kui Kai , Yip Paul S.F. , Wong Ian C.K. , Zhang Qingpeng
Published: October 2020

Background: Given concerns about adverse outcomes for older people taking antidepressants in the literature, we investigated whether taking antidepressants elevates the risk of dementia. Objective: This study aims to investigate the putative association of antidepressants with the risk of dementia. Methods: We conducted a population-based self-controlled case series analysis of older people with dementia and taking antidepressants, using territory-wide medical records of 194,507 older patients collected by the Hospital Authority of Hong Kong, to investigate the association between antidepressant treatment and the risk of developing dementia in older people. Results: There was a significantly higher risk of being diagnosed with dementia during the pre-drug-exposed period (incidence rate ratio (IRR) 20.42 (95% CI: 18.66–22.34)) compared to the non-drug-exposed baseline period. The IRR remained high during the drug-exposed period (IRR 8.86 (7.80–10.06)) before returning to a baseline level after washout (IRR 1.12 (0.77–1.36)). Conclusion: The higher risk of dementia before antidepressant treatment may be related to emerging psychiatric symptoms co-occurring with dementia, which trigger medical consultations that result in a decision to begin antidepressants. Our findings do not support a causal relationship between antidepressant treatment and the risk of dementia.
A named entity recognition model based on ensemble learning
Authors: Zhu Xinghui , Zou Zhuoyang , Qiao Bo , Fang Kui , Chen Yiming
Published: October 2020

Knowledge Graph has gradually become one of core drivers advancing the Internet and AI in recent years, while there is currently no normal knowledge graph in the field of agriculture. Named Entity Recognition (NER), one important step in constructing knowledge graphs, has become a hot topic in both academia and industry. With the help of the Bidirectional Long Short-Term Memory Network (Bi-LSTM) and Conditional Random Field (CRF) model, we introduce a method of ensemble learning, and implement a named entity recognition model ELER. Our model achieves good results for the CoNLL2003 data set, the accuracy and F1 value in the best experimental results are respectively improved by 1.37% and 0.7% when compared with the BiLSTM-CRF model. In addition, our model achieves an F1 score of 91% for the agricultural data set AgriNER2018, which proves the validity of ELER model for small agriculture sample data sets and lays a foundation for the construction of agricultural knowledge graphs.
A portable real-time EEG signal acquisition and tele-medicine system
Authors: Zhang Qiang , Wang Peng , Li Shanshan , Jing Yonghao
Published: October 2020

Since electroencephalogram (EEG) signals contain a variety of physiological and pathological information, they are widely used in medical diagnosis, brain machine interface and other fields. The existing EEG apparatus are not perfect due to big size, high power consumption and using cables to transmit data. In this paper, a portable real-time EEG signal acquisition and tele-medicine system is developed in order to improve performance of EEG apparatus. The weak EEG signals are induced to the pre-processing circuits via a noninvasive method with bipolar leads. After multi-level amplifying and filtering, these signals are transmitted to DSP (TMS320C5509) to conduct digital filtering. Then, the EEG signals are displayed on the LCD screen and stored in the SD card so that they can be uploaded to the server through the internet. The server employs SQL Server database to manage patients’ information and to store data in disk. Doctors can download, look up and analyze patients’ EEG data using the doctor client. Experimental results demonstrate that the system can acquire weak EEG signals in real time, display the processed results, save data and carry out tele-medicine. The system can meet the requirement of the EEG signals’ quality, and are easy to use and carry.
Calculation methods of bridge deck for prestressed short rib T-beam bridges
Authors: Wang Sijia , Yu Tianlai
Published: October 2020

Because of the low height of the prestressed short rib T-beam bridge and the poor torsion resistance of the main beam, the positive moment in the middle span of the bridge deck will increase correspondingly compared with the normal rib beam bridge. At present, there is little research on the calculation method of the bridge deck of the prestressed short rib T-beam bridge. In this paper, the space finite element method and the continuous one-way slab method are used to calculate the forces on the bridge deck, based on the space finite element method, a finite element elastic supported continuous beam method is proposed to calculate the forces on the bridge deck. By comparing the calculation results of the three methods with the test results, the reasonable calculation method of the bridge deck is studied. The results show that the spatial finite element analysis method can simulate the mechanical performance of the deck of the bridge of the prestressed short rib T-beam bridge well, the stress calculation results are consistent with the test results, and the calculation accuracy is high, which can be used in the actual engineering design; The finite element analysis method of elastic support continuous beam can also simulate the mechanical performance of the deck of the bridge of the prestressed short rib T-beam bridge. The concept of the method is clear, the calculation is convenient, and it is more suitable for the application of engineering design; The calculation results of the continuous one-way slab method are too large to be safe for design.
Variance error of multi-classification based anomaly detection for time series data
Authors: Wang Baoquan , Jiang Tonghai , Zhou Xi , Ma Bo , Zhao Fan , Wang Yi
Published: October 2020

For abnormal detection of time series data, the supervised anomaly detection methods require labeled data. While the range of outlier factors used by the existing semi-supervised methods varies with data, model and time, the threshold for determining abnormality is difficult to obtain, in addition, the computational cost of the way to calculate outlier factors from other data points in the data set is also very large. These make such methods difficult to practically apply. This paper proposes a framework named LSTM-VE which uses clustering combined with visualization method to roughly label normal data, and then uses the normal data to train long short-term memory (LSTM) neural network for semi-supervised anomaly detection. The variance error (VE) of the normal data category classification probability sequence is used as outlier factor. The framework enables anomaly detection based on deep learning to be practically applied and using VE avoids the shortcomings of existing outlier factors and gains a better performance. In addition, the framework is easy to expand because the LSTM neural network can be replaced with other classification models. Experiments on the labeled and real unlabeled data sets prove that the framework is better than replicator neural networks with reconstruction error (RNN-RS) and has good scalability as well as practicability.
An hyper elliptic curve based efficient signcryption scheme for user authentication
Authors: Devarajan Malathi , Sasikaladevi N.
Published: October 2020

With ever growing popularity, wireless communication system also vulnerable to various security attacks. To provide high level security, many cryptographic solutions have been proposed. One such solution is signcryption, where authenticity and confidentiality provided by single logical step. Therefore, signcryption scheme helps to reduce computational cost, but it is not feasible for resource constraint environments. Because, most of the existing approaches were based on El-Gamal, bilinear pairing, Rivest-Shamir-Adleman (RSA), and Elliptic curve Cryptography (ECC). They consume more energy due to their increased key size. Hence, the new signcryption approach is proposed based on Hyper Elliptic Curve Cryptosystem (HECC) whose key size is much lesser than ECC. It significantly reduces the cost of computation and communication overhead by half the amount of ECC which suits well for resource constraint environments. Further, the proposed scheme attains necessary security features along with forward secrecy and public verifiability. On the other hand, the security of the approach is validated through an automated protocol validation tool – AVISPA.