bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Planetesimal formation at the gas pressure bump following a migrating planet
Authors: Shibaike Y. , Alibert Y.
Published: August 2023

Context. Planetesimal formation is still mysterious. One of the ways to form planetesimals is to invoke a gas pressure bump in a protoplanetary disc. In our previous paper, we proposed a new scenario in which the piled-up dust at a gas pressure bump created by a migrating planet forms planetesimals by streaming instability in a wide region of the disc as the planet migrates inwards.

Aims. In the present work, we consider the global time evolution of dust and investigate the detailed conditions and results of the planetesimal formation in our scenario.

Methods. We used a 1D grid single-sized dust evolution model, which can follow the growth of the particles in terms of their mutual collision and their radial drift and diffusion. We calculated the time-evolution of the radial distribution of the peak mass and surface density of the dust in a gas disc perturbed by an embedded migrating planet and investigated whether or not the dust satisfies the condition for planetesimal formation.

Results. We find that planetesimals form in a belt-like region between the snowline and the position where the planet reaches its pebble-isolation mass when the strength of turbulence is 10−4 ≤ α ≤ 10−3, which is broadly consistent with the observed value of α. Whether the mechanism of the formation is streaming instability or mutual collision depends on the timescale of the streaming instability. The total mass of planetesimals formed in this scenario also depends on α; it is about 30–100 ME if the planetary core already exists at the beginning of the simulation and grows by gas accretion, but decreases as the timing of the formation of the planetary core gets later. We also provide simple approximate expressions for the surface density and total mass of the planetesimals and find that the total planetesimal mass strongly depends on the dust mass.

Conclusions. We show that planetesimals form in a belt-like region by a combination of dust pile-up at the gas pressure bump formed by a planet and its inward migration.
Interior dynamics of super-Earth 55 Cancri e
Authors: Meier Tobias G. , Bower Dan J. , Lichtenberg Tim , Hammond Mark , Tackley Paul J.
Published: August 2023

The ultra-short-period super-Earth 55 Cancri e has a measured radius of 1.88 Earth radii. Previous thermal phase curve observations suggest a strong temperature contrast between the dayside and nightside of around 1000 K; the hottest point is shifted 41 ± 12 degrees east from the substellar point, indicating some degree of heat circulation. The dayside (and potentially even the nightside) is hot enough to harbour a magma ocean. We used results from general circulation models (GCMs) of atmospheres to constrain the surface temperature contrasts. There is still a large uncertainty on the vigour and style of mantle convection in super-Earths, especially those that experience stellar irradiation high enough to harbour a magma ocean. In this work our aim is to constrain the mantle dynamics of the tidally locked lava world 55 Cancri e. Using the surface temperature contrasts as a boundary condition, we model the mantle flow of 55 Cancri e using 2D mantle convection simulations, and investigate how the convection regimes are affected by the different climate models. We find that large super-plumes form on the dayside if that hemisphere is covered by a magma ocean and the nightside remains solid or only partially molten. Cold material descends into the deep interior on the nightside, but no strong downwellings form. In some cases the super-plume also moves several tens of degrees towards the terminator. A convective regime where the upwelling is preferentially on the dayside might lead to preferential outgassing on that hemisphere which could lead to the build-up of atmospheric species that could be chemically distinct from the nightside.
Increases in the volume of ore loss in ore pillars as the mine deepens
Authors: Hakimov Shadiboy , Kobilov Olimjon , Tadjiev Shukhrat , Khamzayev Sirojiddin
Published: August 2023

The article discusses the increase in ore loss in mining systems with natural maintenance pillars of the developed space, which cannot be extracted in conditions of high concentration of stress after development of reserves. The main directions of increasing the efficiency of traditional systems for the development of vein deposits are shown.
Development of an effective construction scheme and analysis of oscillations of the cotton fiber cleaner saw cylinder
Authors: Djuraev A. , Maksudov R. Kh. , Holdorov Sh. S.
Published: August 2023

A construction scheme and principle of operation of a fibrous material cleaner with saw cylinders on elastic bearing support are given in the article. The results of theoretical research of oscillations of the saw cylinder of the fiber cleaner are presented. The parameters of the system are substantiated based on the analysis of the law of oscillations of the cylinder and graphic dependencies.
Synthesis of methylpyridines by catalytic method in the gas phase
Authors: Kodirov Sardor , Mukhiddinov Bakhodir , Ikramov Abduvakhob , Vapoyev Khusnitdin , Umrzokov Аbdulla , Sharipov Sanat
Published: August 2023

The article presents the results of the yield of pyridine derivatives obtained on the basis of a catalyst of various compositions and, at the same time, the efficiency of new catalytic systems for the synthesis of pyridine derivatives is investigated. “Angren kaolin” (Uzbekistan) was used to develop catalytic systems. The development and implementation of new catalytic systems leads to a decrease in the problems associated with the purchase of catalysts from abroad and will entail economic benefits for the republic. To solve the problems, the following research methods were used: spectral analysis, microscopic analysis, potentiometric method, physicochemical methods of analysis, and methods of preparing catalysts.The catalysts have been developed with different ratios of starting components. The efficiency of heterogeneous catalysts was determined by the synthesis of pyridine derivatives at the facilities of JSC “Navoiyazot”. It was found that among the monocomponent catalysts, the CK-13 brand catalyst ((CdO-13.0%, kaolin-87.0%) (2-methylpyridine-41.2%, 4- methylpyridine-22.4%) was more efficient) with a yield of 63.6%, and among two-component catalysts of the CChK-13 brand (CdO-13.0%, Cr2O3-5.0%, kaolin-82.0%) (2-methylpyridine-45.4%, 4-methylpyridine - 24.8%)) with a yield of 70.2%. And also the influence of peptizers on the yield of finished products was studied.
Mineralogical characteristics of sulfuric acid formation during bacterial oxidation of flotation concentrate
Authors: Sharipov Sanat , Mukhiddinov Bakhodir , Oliqulov Fakhriyor , Shodikulov Jurabek
Published: August 2023

The article presents the results of a study on the formation of sulfuric acid in the process of bacterial oxidation of sulfide ore flotation concentrate. The results are estimated from the point of view of the thermodynamics of the course of some bacterial oxidation reactions, calculating the standard enthalpies of formation - (ΔН0298), entropy (ΔS0298) and Gibbs energy of formation (ΔG0298) of some reactions and substances at 298 K. Conclusions about the formation of sulfuric acid based on X-ray phase and electron scanning microscope results of changes in mineralogical and elemental composition in the processes of bacterial oxidation of flotation concentrate are substantiated.
Influence of river flow regulation in the Angara-Yenisei region on the hydrochemical regime of the cascade of hydroelectric power plant reservoirs and their downstream sections
Authors: Pavlovna Spitsyna Tatiana , Rizvanulayevich Tagirov Rizvan
Published: August 2023

The paper gives an analysis of the influence of river regulation on the chemical composition of surface waters in cascades of HPP reservoirs and downstream sections on the example of the largest rivers of Eastern Siberia. After regulation changes in the temperature regime of watercourses occur, which leads to a change in the timing of the onset of the main ice formations and the emergence of non-freezing sections of rivers. There is a local oxygen deficiency in the summer in the bays and the near-bottom horizon. According to the ionic composition surface waters belong to the hydrocarbonate class of the calcium group. A change in the morphometric parameters of water bodies causes a chain of subsequent hydrochemical reactions. In surface waters, there is a violation of fishery standards for the content of Al, Fe, Zn, Mn, Al, Cu, phenols and oil products. The integral assessment of water quality by the value of the specific value of the combinatorial index of water pollution shows a high fluctuation along the rivers. The risk of negative impact on the watercourse increases with increasing concentrations of pollutants relative to natural conditions.
Controlling power of short circuited induction motor via modern sensors without speed change
Authors: Olimov Jasurjon S. , Fayziyev Sherzod Sh. , Raximov Feruz M. , Majidov Ahror U. , Muxammadov Bobur Q.
Published: August 2023

Short-circuited rotor induction motors are the most common and largest power consumers in industry. Therefore, it is necessary to find ways to ensure optimal performance of this type of motors and reduce their energy consumption. By this work, we will have the opportunity to automatically control the power of motors used in processes that do not have a stable operating mode. To perform this experiment, we use modern sensors and make special changes to the stator coil. Through our work, we create a special induction motor that is efficient, energy-saving and has a long service life. However it should be kept in mind that our developed motor is distinguished by its slightly complicated construction.
Improvement of methods to ensure energy efficiency of ball mills functioning
Authors: Mavlonov Jonibek , Mardonov Davron , Eshmirzayev Mirzohid , Togayev Islomjon
Published: August 2023

Mining, metallurgical, enrichment and processing enterprises require a large amount of electricity consumption. Among them, hydrometallurgical and enrichment enterprises currently consume 50-60% of total costs and 5.2% of all world electricity. The main reason for this is the use of traditional ball mills. Including metallurgical, enrichment and processing enterprises consume 5-20% of the electricity produced in the world. The main way to improve the performance of ball mills is to optimize the operating modes of the electric drive and mill equipment, to ensure stable operation of the ball mill and electric motor at full load. To determine such operating modes and ensure the operation of equipment in them, modern control systems, methods for assessing the energy efficiency of ball mills and optimizing the operating modes of electrical systems are required.
Prospects of application of modern wear-resistant coatings to improve the performance properties of combined cutting and forming tools for finishing of cylindrical gears
Authors: Sidorkin Andrey V. , Ergashov Doston R.
Published: August 2023

The article deals with the aspects of improving the performance of a combined cutting and deforming tool designed for finishing gear machining of cylindrical gears. Presented are currently relevant proposals on the prospects for the applicability of wear-resistant coatings for this type of tool. It is emphasized that regardless of where coatings are used, they all have one thing in common: the coating changes the surface properties of the tool.
Adaptability analysis of linear continuous control systems with reference model
Authors: Botirov Tulkin , Latipov Shahriyor , Khusanov Zafar
Published: August 2023

The problem of analyzing the tuning parameters of linear continuous controllers related to the class of state models is studied. To do this, algorithms for adjusting the controller are used, which are based on estimates of the plant parameters. Within the framework of this study, the adaptability property of the system is considered, and the primary goal is to determine the possibility of finding an exact solution to the problem of tuning the control loop for a given reference transient. Moreover, the study extends to a whole class of input actions, such as piecewise continuous functions of time. Based on the analysis of the convergence properties of the identification residual in a closed control system, additional simplified conditions for the adaptability of control systems using an identifier and a reference model are put forward, which supplement the already existing knowledge on this topic.
Technological parameters of roller machines
Authors: Khurramov Shavkat , Khalturaev Farkhad
Published: August 2023

The study is devoted to the determination of the technological parameters of roller squeezing machines; these parameters determine the efficiency of the process, product quality, and the environmental situation of production. A mathematical model for the distribution of hydraulic force in roller machines has been obtained. The formulas for calculating the removed and residual moisture of the processed material are determined. It was found that the value of residual moisture depends on the value of the angle where the moisture changes position.
Influence of yttrium element on the crystallization performance of ZnSb alloy for phase change memory application
Authors: Fu Bowen , Wu Weihua , Zhang Pei , Gu Han , Zhou Xiaochen , Zhu Xiaoqin
Published: August 2023

The crystallization behavior and electrical performance of Y-doped Zn15Sb85 phase change material were proposed and experimental examined. The relationship between the resistance and temperature reveals that the Y dopant is able to enhancing the thermal stability (Tc ~ 237°C, T10 ~ 169 °C) and resistivity (Ra ~ 105 Ω, Rc ~ 102 Ω) of Zn15Sb85 films, which are suitable for automobile design and surface mount technology. XRD results indicate that the Y dopant could effectively inhibit grain growth and reduce grain size. Meanwhile, XPS illustrates that Y is more likely to form bonds with Sb. Further, the resistance drift index and surface roughness become small after doping Y element, which is of great benefit to improving the reliability and electrical performance of the device. Moreover, T-shaped phase change memory cells based on Y0.36(Zn15Sb85)0.64 film were also built and analyzed. The characteristic of current − voltage (I-V) and resistance − voltage (R-V) prove that the SET and RESET operations can be achieved by electric induction, implying the excellent candidate of Y-doped Zn15Sb85 material for high thermal and high reliability application.
Dynamic event-triggered-based human-in-the-loop formation control for stochastic nonlinear MASs
Authors: Peng Yonghua , Lin Guohuai , Chen Guangdeng , Li Hongyi
Published: August 2023

The dynamic event-triggered (DET) formation control problem of a class of stochastic nonlinear multi-agent systems (MASs) with full state constraints is investigated in this article. Supposing that the human operator sends commands to the leader as control input signals, all followers keep formation through network topology communication. Under the command-filter-based backstepping technique, the radial basis function neural networks (RBF NNs) and the barrier Lyapunov function (BLF) are utilized to resolve the problems of unknown nonlinear terms and full state constraints, respectively. Furthermore, a DET control mechanism is proposed to reduce the occupation of communication bandwidth. The presented distributed formation control strategy guarantees that all signals of the MASs are semi-globally uniformly ultimately bounded (SGUUB) in probability. Finally, the feasibility of the theoretical research result is demonstrated by a simulation example.
Gesundheitskompetenz in Krisenzeiten
Authors: Bitzer Eva , Walter Ulla , Schaefer Corinna , Schaeffer Doris , Seidler Andreas
Published: August 2023

Die im Tagungsthema der DGSMP im Jahr 2023 angesprochenen Krisenzeiten sind im
öffentlichen und privaten Bewusstsein präsent. Es sind die gerade
halbwegs überstandene COVID-19 Pandemie, der Krieg gegen die Ukraine im
Osten Europas und die – nicht erst seit kurzem bekannten – zunehmend
sichtbar werdenden Folgen der Klimakrise für alle Menschen. Damit einher
gehen eine weiter auseinanderdriftende (oder: sich entsolidarisierende) Gesellschaft
mit teilweise medial sehr präsenten, sich radikalisierenden Akteur:innen
sowie Fehl- und Desinformation. In dieser Gemengelage aus tatsächlichen
Veränderungen, wahrgenommenen Belastungen und realer Zukunftsangst stehen
die Bürgerinnen und Bürger, die Gesundheits- und Heilberufe und die
Einrichtungen auf Bundes-, Landes- und kommunaler Ebene vor großen
Herausforderungen. Dagegen nimmt sich „Gesundheitskompetenz“
bescheiden aus: was kann die individuelle Fähigkeit hier ausrichten, sich
gesundheitsbezogene Informationen zu erschließen, zu verstehen, zu bewerten
und zu nutzen, um gute gesundheitsbezogene Entscheidungen zu treffen? Aber
Gesundheitskompetenz ist mehr, setzt sie doch auch organisatorisch und damit
systemverändernd an.
Ernährung bei Rheumatoider Arthritis: Ihr Einfluss auf
Erkrankungsrisiko und Krankheitsverlauf
Authors: Keyßer Gernot , Reuß-Borst Monika
Published: August 2023

Die Art der Ernährung trägt nach den Daten großer
Kohortenstudien als ätiologischer Faktor zur Entstehung einer
rheumatoiden Arthritis (RA) bei. Die Bedeutung einzelner Nahrungskomponenten ist
am besten belegt für den protektiven Effekt von geringen Alkoholmengen
und die risikosteigernde Wirkung eines hohen Konsums an rotem Fleisch. Relativ
gut untersucht ist die Rolle einer Adipositas, die Schweregrad-abhängig
das Erkrankungsrisiko für die RA erhöht. Zusätzlich wird
diskutiert, ob vor allem eine abdominelle Adipositas die Entstehung
entzündlicher Gelenkerkrankungen begünstigt.
Interventionsstudien, welche den Nutzen einzelner Kostformen bei etablierter RA
untersuchen sollten, sind in ihrer Qualität und Aussagekraft
beschränkt. Eine an den Prinzipien der Mittelmeerkost ausgerichtete
Ernährung ist wahrscheinlich von Nutzen für RA-Patienten, auch
wenn die positiven Auswirkungen am ehesten die Reduktion des
kardiovaskulären Risikos betreffen. Es existieren nur wenige valide
Daten zum sinnvollen Einsatz von Nahrungsergänzungsmitteln bei
etablierter RA. Einige positive Effekte lassen sich für
Fischölkapseln in ausreichend hoher Dosierung von
Omega-3-Fettsäuren ableiten. Die Zufuhr von Eisenpräparaten und
Vitamin D sollte an objektiven Kriterien und aktuellen Leitlinien ausgerichtet
sein.
Cervical Chondrocutaneous Branchial Remnants: A Rare Congenital Anomaly of the Neck. A Case Series, Literature Review, and Associated Anomalies
Authors: Şimşekcan Efe , Sarıay Büşra , Turcan Didem
Published: August 2023

Cervical chondrocutaneous branchial remnants (CCBRs) are rare anomalies found in the neck. These remnants can be easily misdiagnosed due to their low incidence, and they are often associated with other anomalies. Previous studies have reported an association with other anomalies in up to 76% of cases. In this article, the authors present a case series of two patients with bilateral CCBRs and investigate the associated anomalies through a literature review. Patients diagnosed with CCBRs who presented with cervical masses were included. Records were reviewed to investigate factors such as sex, location of the CCBRs, associated anomalies, timing of operations, and cartilage pathology. A surgical excision technique was employed, and the study also included a literature review focusing on reports related to CCBRs and associated anomalies. Two patients, a 3-year-old boy and a 17-year-old adolescent girl, with bilateral CCBRs underwent surgical excision. Patient demographics, prevalence, and characteristics of associated anomalies in CCBR cases were documented in the literature review. This case series presented two successful surgical excisions of CCBRs without complications or recurrence at 1 year of follow-up. The study emphasized the importance of thorough evaluation and assessment for associated anomalies in various body systems due to the potential co-occurrence of CCBRs with other anomalies.
Multidisciplinary Management of Lateral Skull Base Paragangliomas: A 20-Year Experience
Authors: Cleere Eoin F. , Mc Loughlin Laura , McArdle Orla , Fitzpatrick David , Looby Seamus , Rawluk D. , Javadpour Mohsen , McConn-Walsh Rory
Published: August 2023

Objectives Paragangliomas of the lateral skull base are rare, largely benign, neuroendocrine tumors. Little evidence exists to support clinicians in the management of these tumors. The present study evaluates considerations in the multidisciplinary workup and management of paragangliomas affecting the lateral skull base.

Methods A STrengthening the Reporting of OBservational studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) checklist compliant retrospective review of adult patients with lateral skull base paragangliomas over 20 years (2002–2021) was performed. Patient and tumor data were collected from patient health care records.

Results Seventy patients were identified including 21 (30.0%) males and 49 (70.0%) females. The mean length of follow-up was 87.3 months (range: 12–239 months). Twenty-nine (41.4%) patients had Fisch A or B tumors. Overall, 57 patients (81.4%) were offered treatment upfront, with 13 patients (18.6%) initially undergoing active surveillance. Younger age and reduced American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) grade was significantly associated with a decision to offer treatment at presentation (both p = 0.03), while all patients with succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) mutations (n = 10) and tumor secretion (n = 4) were offered treatment. Patients with Fisch A/B tumors (p = 0.01), cranial neuropathies (p = 0.01), and smaller tumors (p = 0.01) were more likely to undergo surgical resection. At the time of the last follow-up, the proportion of patients with a cranial neuropathy was notably lower in the observation (3/12, 25.0%) and radiotherapy (1/6, 16.7%) groups.

Conclusion In our series, younger, fitter patients with SDH mutations, cranial neuropathies, or tumor secretion were more likely to be offered upfront treatment. There was a low incidence of new cranial neuropathy in the patients selected for observation during long-term follow-up.
Endoscopic Multiportal Approaches to Meckel's Cave: A Cadaveric Study and a Three-Dimensional Anatomical Video
Authors: Salem Eman H. , Abd El-Fattah Ahmed Musaad , Ebada Hisham Atef , Koevering Kyle van , Hardesty Douglas A. , Prevedello Daniel M. , Al-Saddeik Mohamed Abd El-halem , Carrau Ricardo L.
Published: August 2023

Objective This cadaveric study aims to illustrate the lateral transorbital (LTO), transantral transpterygoid (TATP), and endoscopic endonasal approaches (EEA) to Meckel's cave (MC), defining their surgical freedom, area of exposure, and advantages and limitations; thus, refining their respective indications.

Design Cadaveric study.

Setting The Anatomical Laboratory for Visuospatial Innovations in Otolaryngology and Neurosurgery (ALT-VISION) at the Ohio State University, Wexner Medical Center.

Participants Bilateral dissections of five injected cadavers (10 sides).

Main Outcome Measures Distance to targets, surgical freedom, and area of exposure provided by the EEA, TATP, and LTO approaches.

Results The TATP approach provides superior surgical freedom to foramen rotundum (167.70 ± 29.762 mm). However, surgical freedom to foramen ovale was best when using the LTO approach (75.01 ± 15.773 mm). The EEA provides a superior exposure of the medial MC (mean area of 587.69 ± 38.59 mm2). The LTO and TATP approaches provide equivalent access to the lateral MC (ranging from 468.90 ± 26.98 mm2 for TATP to 650.11 ± 35.76 mm2 for the LTO approach). Combining approaches increases the area of exposure significantly (1,237.79 ± 48.41 mm2 and 1,056.59 ± 48.12 mm2 for EEA and LTO vs. EEA and TATP).

Conclusion This study thoroughly emphasizes the pros and cons of the aforementioned approaches. Each approach may be applied in selected cases as a single or as part of a combined technique. However, conventional approaches are still indicated according to extent and pathology.

Level of Evidence: V.
Functional and Radiographic Outcomes of Cavernous Meningiomas Based on Treatment Modality
Authors: Laing Brandon , Feller Christina , Treffy Randall , Montoure Andrew , Best Benjamin , Zwagerman Nathan T.
Published: August 2023

Introduction Cavernous sinus meningiomas (CSMs) are challenging given their proximity to neurovascular structures. Treatments include surgery, radiation, or observation. There are little data comparing outcomes based on treatment. This study presents the radiographic and functional outcomes of patients with CSMs treated with either radiation, surgical resection ± radiation, or radiographic surveillance.

Methods This is a retrospective review of adults diagnosed with CSMs between 2009 and 2016. Patient and tumor characteristics and outcomes were obtained from chart review. Categorical and continuous variables were compared via nonparametric tests.

Results Sixty-four patients were diagnosed with CSMs between 2009 and 2016. Thirty-four had radiation. Thirteen had surgical resection with adjuvant radiation and 14 underwent observation.

Fifty-four patients had a pretreatment deficit (84.4%). Radiographic control rates were 100% in the surgery group, 97.1% in the radiation group, 69.2% in the surgery + adjuvant radiation, and 90.9% in the observation group (p = 0.035). The radiotherapy group had complete improvement of symptoms in 32.4% and partial improvement in 23.1% (p = 0.022). In the surgery group, one patient had complete resolution of symptoms (6.3%), eight had partial improvement (50.0%), and seven patients had no improvement (p = 0.002). Surgery was more likely to lead to progression of symptoms posttreatment (odds ratio: 5.16, confidence interval: 1.309–20.34) (p = 0.019).

Conclusion Radiation has an excellent rate of radiographic control. Surgery is an option for large or symptomatic lesions. The role of surgery is primarily for vision preservation, decompression of cranial nerves, and tumor debulking and patients should be counseled extensively regarding treatment goals and expectations prior to surgery.
Group norms and policy norms trigger different autonomous motivations for Chinese investors in cryptocurrency investment
Authors: Gong Yongzhi , Tang Xiaofei , Chang En-Chung
Published: August 2023

Cryptocurrency has become a hot area of global investment. Despite the increasing regulation of cryptocurrencies, some investors are still obsessed with investing in cryptocurrencies, and the reasons behind this are worth exploring. Emerging studies from a cryptocurrency behavioural perspective demonstrate that investments in cryptocurrency are influenced by a variety of factors, but ignore the objective factor of the political environment. Based on social norms theory, this article explores the impact of group norms and policy norms on Chinese investors’ autonomous motivation to invest in cryptocurrencies. This article adopts a questionnaire and investigates 727 Chinese investors. Research has found that: (1) Cryptocurrency investment is influenced by group norms and policy norms, and autonomous motivation serves as a mediator in the process. Group norms promote autonomous motivation among investors, thereby increasing cryptocurrency investment. Conversely, policy norms inhibit investors’ autonomous motivation and reduce cryptocurrency investment. (2) Cryptocurrency knowledge plays a moderating role between social norms and autonomous motivation. The moderating effects of investors’ subjective and objective knowledge of cryptocurrency in the model have no significant differences, showing a consistent suppressing effect on autonomous motivation. The findings suggest governments should focus on both regulations and public opinion. On the one hand, the government needs to strengthen and improve the laws and regulations related to cryptocurrencies. On the other hand, the government also needs to strengthen social supervision and exercise necessary control in the dissemination of cryptocurrency information.
Phenotypic and genetic relationships for feed intake, feed efficiency, body composition and cow milk yield measured postweaning and in mature beef cows
Authors: Archer J. A. , Reverter A. , Herd R. M. , Arthur P. F.
Published: August 2023

Context Providing feed is the largest cost in beef production. Genetic variation exists in feed efficiency traits in young cattle but the genetic associations with feed efficiency traits in cows are poorly understood, but if strong and favourable, they might be used to improve feed efficiency of cows. Aim To examine the phenotypic and genetic relationships among feed intake, feed efficiency, body composition and cow milk yield measured in young cattle and in cows. Methods Data on 1783 young Angus, Hereford, Polled Hereford and Shorthorn bulls and heifers, and for 751 of the females as cows, were used to calculate the phenotypic and genetic relationships among feed efficiency traits, body composition and cow milk yield measured postweaning and in mature cows. The young cattle were tested for feed intake and feed efficiency at approximately 9 months of age and the females, after two calvings, were tested again as non-pregnant, non-lactating cows at approximately 4 years of age. Key results At the postweaning test, the heritability estimates for feed intake, average daily gain, test weight, residual feed intake (RFI), feed conversion ratio, rump fat depth and eye-muscle area were 0.47, 0.32, 0.46, 0.42, 0.28, 0.47 and 0.20 respectively. Corresponding heritability estimates in the cow test were 0.27, 0.35, 0.74, 0.22, 0.30, 0.47 and 0.12. Heritability estimates for 400-day weight, cow 4-year weight and cow milk yield were 0.47, 0.62 and 0.15 respectively. Genetic correlations between traits measured postweaning and the same traits measured in the cow were moderate to high, and for the feed efficiency trait, RFI, was very high (0.95), close to unity. Conclusions Inclusion of postweaning RFI as a selection criterion in beef cattle breeding can be expected to lead to improvement in cow feed efficiency. Implications Most breeding decisions in beef cattle are based on traits measured early in life and for replacement heifers are made with an aim to improve their productivity and profitability as cows. The strong and favourable associations measured between postweaning RFI and cow RFI mean that feed efficiency measured in young cattle can be used as a selection trait to improve cow feed efficiency.
Survival analysis of germination data in response to temperature for Ornithopus species and other temperate pasture legumes
Authors: Kidd D. R. , Valifard M. , Qi Juan , Wisdom J. M. B. , Simpson R. J. , Ryan M. H.
Published: August 2023

Cool temperatures can limit productivity of temperate grazing systems as poor pasture growth rates in winter create feed shortages for livestock. Ornithopus spp. (serradella) are broadly adapted annual pasture legumes that produce high-quality forage in soil types considered marginal for other temperate legume species. However, serradella establishment is perceived to be difficult in cool-season environments. We used survival analysis to compare germination rate and seedling emergence for two serradella species (yellow serradella and French serradella) against three reference species (Medicago sativa, M. polymorpha and Trifolium subterraneum) in four temperature treatments (10/5, 15/10, 20/15 and 25/20°C; max/min). We also compared shoot relative growth rate and photosynthetic rate at 15/10°C (cool) and 23/18°C (warm). Cool temperatures (10/5, 15/10°C) did not slow germination rates for serradella relative to the reference species, but warm temperatures (20/15, 25/20°C) delayed emergence and reduced post-emergent shoot growth rates. Once established, Ornithopus spp. had similar mean photosynthetic rates and stomatal conductance at cool temperatures to the reference species. We conclude that, contrary to common perception, cool temperatures did not adversely influence germination, emergence, or early growth of Ornithopus spp. relative to the reference species.
Using measures of race to make clinical predictions: Decision making, patient health, and fairness
Authors: Manski Charles F. , Mullahy John , Venkataramani Atheendar S.
Published: August 2023

The use of race measures in clinical prediction models is contentious. We seek to inform the discourse by evaluating the inclusion of race in probabilistic predictions of illness that support clinical decision making. Adopting a static utilitarian framework to formalize social welfare, we show that patients of all races benefit when clinical decisions are jointly guided by patient race and other observable covariates. Similar conclusions emerge when the model is extended to a two-period setting where prevention activities target systemic drivers of disease. We also discuss non-utilitarian concepts that have been proposed to guide allocation of health care resources.
Fermionic quantum processing with programmable neutral atom arrays
Authors: González-Cuadra D. , Bluvstein D. , Kalinowski M. , Kaubruegger R. , Maskara N. , Naldesi P. , Zache T. V. , Kaufman A. M. , Lukin M. D. , Pichler H. , Vermersch B. , Ye Jun , Zoller P.
Published: August 2023

Simulating the properties of many-body fermionic systems is an outstanding computational challenge relevant to material science, quantum chemistry, and particle physics.-5.4pc]Please note that the spelling of the following author names in the manuscript differs from the spelling provided in the article metadata: D. González-Cuadra, D. Bluvstein, M. Kalinowski, R. Kaubruegger, N. Maskara, P. Naldesi, T. V. Zache, A. M. Kaufman, M. D. Lukin, H. Pichler, B. Vermersch, Jun Ye, and P. Zoller. The spelling provided in the manuscript has been retained; please confirm. Although qubit-based quantum computers can potentially tackle this problem more efficiently than classical devices, encoding nonlocal fermionic statistics introduces an overhead in the required resources, limiting their applicability on near-term architectures. In this work, we present a fermionic quantum processor, where fermionic models are locally encoded in a fermionic register and simulated in a hardware-efficient manner using fermionic gates. We consider in particular fermionic atoms in programmable tweezer arrays and develop different protocols to implement nonlocal gates, guaranteeing Fermi statistics at the hardware level. We use this gate set, together with Rydberg-mediated interaction gates, to find efficient circuit decompositions for digital and variational quantum simulation algorithms, illustrated here for molecular energy estimation. Finally, we consider a combined fermion-qubit architecture, where both the motional and internal degrees of freedom of the atoms are harnessed to efficiently implement quantum phase estimation as well as to simulate lattice gauge theory dynamics.
Bilingualism and language control
Authors: Calabria Marco
Published: August 2023

The field of neuropsychology can contribute to
bilingualism research from a multidisciplinary perspective that
ranges from psycholinguistics and brain imaging studies. While the
psycholinguistic approach provides the outlook on linguistic
processes in experimental study of patients with brain damage,
neural models define the underlying brain areas of such processes
and help to predict language deficits in said patients. Current
neural models of bilingualism do not provide accurate predictions of
deficits in bilinguals with brain damage since they have not been
tested in a systematic way. However, they do offer a roadmap for the
underlying cognitive and linguistic processes of bilingual language
control and speech production. In this chapter, I propose how a
neurolinguistic approach to bilingualism might be implemented in
neuropsychology by including: (a) the application of traditional
methods of cognitive (neuro)psychology to the field of bilingualism,
such as dissociations, (b) the use of psycholinguistic methods, and
(c) how neurodegenerative diseases may be a neuropsychological
paradigm in which one can study bilingual language processes.
England and Wales
Authors: Koller Veronika
Published: August 2023

This chapter analyses the discourse of supporters of the
populist Brexit Party, as it manifested itself on Instagram during the
campaign for the 2019 European elections. Based on eleven posts with high
numbers of comments and replies, it shows how supporters use social actor
representation, evaluation and violence metaphors to create a scenario in
which the EU and its representatives oppress the British people, mainstream
parties betray the interests of the people and the Brexit Party and its
leader saves them from both. Original posts are recontextualised by
intensifying their message, by negatively evaluating EU officials and rival
parties, or by answering rhetorical questions in the original post. During
the EU election campaign, Brexit Party supporters shed their victim status
and reclaim agency through voting. Both support and voting decisions become
an expression of British identity where the perceived oppression and treason
are extended to the homeland as a whole, metonymically conflating Leave
voters with Britain, and are linked to historical narratives.
Spain
Authors: Filardo-Llamas Laura
Published: August 2023

This chapter explores how populist traits permeate
Vox’s supporters’ discursive construction of this
political party, of the nation, and of other political and social actors.
The analysis is based on a corpus of 400 tweets produced during the 2019
European and general elections. The qualitative analysis uses tools from
cognitive linguistics, mostly related to positioning and framing, and
multimodality. Findings show a nativist trait in the discursive blend
established between the political party, its supporters and the nation. The
construction of the Other is varied, comprising other political parties and
social groups. The existence of Vox is legitimised by
supporters as a means for maintaining a Spanish identity both within Spain
and Europe. The centrality of the nation is seen both in the textual and
visual mode of the tweets, where emojis abound.
France
Authors: Stopfner Maria
Published: August 2023

This chapter aims to uncover possible motives of the
French electorate to support the right-wing populist Rassemblement
National (National Rally) in the 2019 elections to the European
Parliament analysing public discourse on Twitter with a view to identity
construction and recontextualisation. Assuming that supporters respond
differently to long-time party leader Marine Le Pen than to “France’s
far-right boy wonder” (Momtaz
2019) Jordan Bardella, the lead candidate in the 2019 European
elections, the qualitative analysis examines the extent to which populist
supporters adapt their line of argumentation to the respective political
champion based on 801 tweets that were published on Marine Le Pen’s and
Jordan Bardella’s official Twitter accounts. The results for France show
that even though Marine Le Pen has turned the formerly right-extremist
Front National into a “modern” populist party that is
also appealing to a broader electorate, the basic premisses of far-right
ideology stay the same for both, populist leaders as well as supporters:
There is a difference between the French and others, and the French people
need to come first. What is most striking in terms of identity construction
and recontextualisation is the fact that populist argumentation and rhetoric
are taken up by supporters in such a way that they are no longer seen as
belonging to far-right ideology, but are recontextualised as common
sense.
Disability as dialogue
Authors: Christensen-Strynø Maria Bee , Phillips Louise , Frølunde Lisbeth
Published: August 2023

This chapter takes a view of disability as embodied
knowing. This knowing formed the basis for a collaborative research process
between dancers with Parkinson’s disease, dance practitioners and university
researchers. Drawing on dialogic communication theory and critical
disability studies, we develop a dialogic and discursive theorization of
embodied knowing by centering on the productive particularities of disabled
embodiment in and about Parkinson’s dance as important forms and sites of
knowledge production. The analysis focuses on data from dance sessions and
discussion panels in a dance and research symposium in which disability is
examined and thematized in terms of productive ways of knowing. By
displaying critical insights into dialogic enactments and articulations of
embodied knowing, the analysis shows how a framing of disability
as dialogue enriches our understanding of particular
marginalized forms of embodiment in and about dance.
Current fluctuations in an interacting active lattice gas
Authors: Jose Stephy , Dandekar Rahul , Ramola Kabir
Published: August 2023

We study the fluctuations of the integrated density current across the origin up to timeTin a lattice model of active particles with hard-core interactions. This model is amenable to an exact description within a fluctuating hydrodynamics framework. We focus on quenched initial conditions for both the density and the magnetization fields and derive expressions for the cumulants of the density current, which can be matched with direct numerical simulations of the microscopic lattice model. For the case of uniform initial profiles, we show that the variance of the integrated current displays three regimes: an initialTrise with a coefficient given by the symmetric simple exclusion process, a cross-over regime where the effects of activity increase the fluctuations, and a large-timeTbehavior with a prefactor that depends on the initial conditions, the Péclet number, and the mean density of particles. Additionally, we study the limit of zero diffusion, where the fluctuations intriguingly exhibit aT2behavior at short times. However, at large times, the fluctuations still grow asT, with a coefficient that can be calculated explicitly. For low densities, we show that this coefficient can be expressed in terms of the effective diffusion constantDefffor non-interacting active particles.
Factorization of density matrices in the critical RSOS models
Authors: Westerfeld Daniel , Großpietsch Maxime , Kakuschke Hannes , Frahm Holger
Published: August 2023

We study reduced density matrices of the integrable critical restricted solid-on-solid (RSOS) model in a particular topological sector containing the ground state. Similar as in the spin-

1

/

2

Heisenberg model it has been observed that correlation functions of this model on short segments can be ‘factorized’: they are completely determined by a single nearest-neighbour two-point function ω and a set of structure functions. While ω captures the dependence on the system size and the state of the system the structure functions can be expressed in terms of the possible operators on the segment, in the present case representations of the Temperley–Lieb algebra

TL
n

, and are independent of the model parameters. We present explicit results for the function ω in the infinite system ground state of the model and compute multi-point local height probabilities for up to four adjacent sites for the RSOS model and the related three-point correlation functions of non-Abelian

s
u
(
2

)
k

anyons.
Combined Effects of Ultraviolet Irradiation and Magnetic Field on the Properties of Dip-coated ZnO thin films
Authors: Chalabi Lougen M , Loucif Aicha , Alarfaj Esam A
Published: August 2023

In this study, four ZnO thin films were deposited on FTO substrates using the sol–gel dip coating method to examine their microstructural, morphological, and optical properties through various techniques. Three of them were subjected to ultraviolet (UV) light, magnetic field (MF), and a combination of UV and MF during deposition, referred as ZnO: UV, ZnO: MF, and ZnO: (UV+MF), respectively. The results obtained showed that the simultaneous UV and MF exposure improved the crystallinity and surface homogeneity of the as-deposited film. Moreover, ZnO: (UV+MF) film exhibited an average transparency of 80% in the visible region and a high optical bandgap (3.67 eV). Room-temperature photoluminescence (PL) spectra revealed a weak UV emission and a strong violet emission peaks for all films. However, the violet emission intensity being lower in ZnO: UV and ZnO: MF films due to a reduction in zinc interstitials (Zni) defects, The simultaneous UV and MF exposure did not reduce Zni defects, and the violet emission intensity was almost identical to that of the untreated film. These findings suggest that the ZnO: (UV+MF) film can be a promising candidate for the development of ultraviolet and violet lasers and light-emitting diodes.
Infernal and exceptional edge modes: non-Hermitian topology beyond the skin effect
Authors: Denner M Michael , Neupert Titus , Schindler Frank
Published: August 2023

The classification of point gap topology in all local non-Hermitian (NH) symmetry classes has been recently established. However, many entries in the resulting periodic table have only been discussed in a formal setting and still lack a physical interpretation in terms of their bulk-boundary correspondence. Here, we derive the edge signatures of all two-dimensional phases with intrinsic point gap topology. While in one dimension point gap topology invariably leads to the NH skin effect, NH boundary physics is significantly richer in two dimensions. We find two broad classes of non-Hermitian edge states: (1) infernal points, where a skin effect occurs only at a single edge momentum, while all other edge momenta are devoid of edge states. Under semi-infinite boundary conditions, the point gap thereby closes completely, but only at a single edge momentum. (2) NH exceptional point dispersions, where edge states persist at all edge momenta and furnish an anomalous number of symmetry-protected exceptional points. Surprisingly, the latter class of systems allows for a finite, non-extensive number of edge states with a well defined dispersion along all generic edge terminations. Concomitantly, the point gap only closes along the real and imaginary eigenvalue axes, realizing a novel form of NH spectral flow.
Design of a low-cost, environment friendly perovskite solar cell with synergic effect of graphene oxide-based HTL and CH3NH3GeI3 as ETL
Authors: Chaudhary Akhilesh Kumar , Verma Sudhanshu , Chauhan R K
Published: August 2023

This research explores a novel, environment friendly perovskite solar cell (PSC) featuring a lead-free CH3NH3SnI3 absorber layer, capitalizing on tin’s analogous electronic configuration and chemical properties to lead. Tin-based perovskite exhibits similar optoelectronic features to lead-based perovskite, such as high absorption coefficient and long carrier diffusion length and tin’s higher abundance than lead renders it a cost-effective and promising alternative for PSCs. The proposed PSC employs an FTO/CH3NH3GeI3/CH3NH3SnI3/GO/C structure, incorporating graphene oxide (GO) as the hole transport layer (HTL) and CH3NH3GeI3 as the electron transport layer (ETL). Graphene oxide, renowned for its exceptional electrical conductivity and low processing costs, enables efficient hole transfer, while the use of CH3NH3GeI3 as ETL not only ensures seamless electron transfer due to its compatible crystallographic structure with CH3NH3SnI3 but also mitigates interface defects, making it a critical aspect of the design. Carbon is used as the back contact, providing a cost-effective option to increase sustainability. The absorber layer parameters, such as the thickness of the absorber layer and acceptor density, are optimized. The effects of defect density, interface defects of HTL/absorber and ETL/absorber, as well as series and shunt resistance, are also analyzed. By optimizing absorber layer parameters, the solar cell attains a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 24.11% and a fill factor exceeding 85% within the visible light spectrum range, showcasing the potential for a high-performance, environment friendly, and cost-effective solar cell substitute. Device simulations were performed using the SCAPS-1D tool.