bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Adipose-derived Stem Cells Stimulated with n-Butylidenephthalide Exhibit Therapeutic Effects in a Mouse Model of Parkinson’s Disease
Authors: Chi Kang , Fu Ru-Huei , Huang Yu-Chuen , Chen Shih-Yin , Hsu Ching-Ju , Lin Shinn-Zong , Tu Chi-Tang , Chang Li-Hsun , Wu Ping-An , Liu Shih-Ping
Published: May 2018

Parkinson’s disease (PD) causes motor dysfunction and dopaminergic cell death. Drug treatments can effectively reduce symptoms but often cause unwanted side effects. Stem cell therapies using cell replacement or indirect beneficial secretomes have recently emerged as potential therapeutic strategies. Although various types of stem cells have been proposed as possible candidates, adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) are easily obtainable, more abundant, less ethically disputed, and able to differentiate into multiple cell lineages. However, treatment of PD using adult stem cells is known to be less efficacious than neuron or embryonic stem cell transplantation. Therefore, improved therapies are urgently needed. n-Butylidenephthalide (BP), which is extracted from Angelica sinensis, has been shown to have anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects. Indeed, we previously demonstrated that BP treatment of ADSCs enhances the expression of neurogenesis and homing factors such as nuclear receptor related 1 protein, stromal-derived factor 1, and brain-derived neurotrophic factor. In the present study, we examined the ability of BP-pretreated ADSC transplantation to improve PD motor symptoms and protect dopamine neurons in a mouse model of PD. We evaluated the results using neuronal behavior tests such as beam walking, rotarod, and locomotor activity tests. ADSCs with or without BP pretreatment were transplanted into the striatum. Our findings demonstrated that ADSC transplantation improved motor abilities with varied efficacies and that BP stimulation improved the therapeutic effects of transplantation. Dopaminergic cell numbers returned to normal in ADSC-transplanted mice after 22 d. In summary, stimulating ADSCs with BP improved PD recovery efficiency. Thus, our results provide important new strategies to improve stem cell therapies for neurodegenerative diseases in future studies.
Contemporary art music and its audiences: Age, gender, and social class profile
Authors: Grebosz-Haring Katarzyna , Weichbold Martin
Published: May 2018

Contemporary art music (CAM) has experienced significant aesthetic changes in recent decades and has acted as a seismograph for socio-cultural movements. New music festivals have had a significant influence on the development and perception of this music by promoting aesthetic pluralism, introducing new concert formats, and expanding to unusual venues. These movements induce changes in the social patterns of CAM consumers and have an impact on the traditional high culture audience profile. This article relies on audience surveys at three European CAM festivals and draws on Bourdieu’s (1984) and Schulze’s (1992) class and lifestyle concepts in order to explore demographic characteristics and social class in CAM audiences. As the results show, consumption of CAM is still a distinctive practice sustained by an exclusive community having considerable education and “musical capital”. Nevertheless, the festivals show heterogeneity in the age structure and motivational structure of attendees as well as in specific patterns regarding knowledge, experience and active involvement with CAM. The analysis shows that aesthetic pluralism can lead to greater social openness regarding social class affiliation.
Gender and religion as factors of individual differences in musical preference
Authors: Soares-Quadros Júnior João Fortunato , Lorenzo Oswaldo , Herrera Lucía , Araújo Santos Naiara Sales
Published: May 2018

The goal of this article is to analyse the musical preferences of Brazilian students by considering the variables of gender and religion. Using random sampling, a class was selected from each high school year group of 10 public schools in the city of São Luís (Brazil).The total study sample consisted of 658 students: 358 females (54.4%) and 300 males (45.6%). Of these, 343 (52.1%) were Protestants and 315 (47.9%) were Catholics, and their ages ranged from 14 to 19 years ( M = 16.24 years old, SD = 1.14). For the data collection, a version of the Questionnaire on Musical Style Preferences by Lorenzo, Herrera, and Cremades (2008) was used; however, it was shortened and culturally adapted to the Brazilian context. The participants were asked to evaluate how often they listened to 19 different styles of music. The overall results indicated that the participants’ musical preferences were heavily influenced by mass media. However, ANOVA results indicated significant differences and a variety of size effects in the frequency of musical listening based on gender and religion. Females had a greater preference for styles with emotional content, dance music and music with a strong connection to mass culture, while males preferred more vigorous styles. Regarding religion, Protestants had a stronger preference for gospel music, while Catholic preferences were more diverse.
Online and Hybrid Learning
Authors: Hwang Alvin
Published: May 2018

Online and hybrid learning research in business and management education has grown in the 21st century. This curated collection of articles highlights some emerging themes, including online/virtual teamwork and learning outcomes, importance of instructor and student interactions, research methods in this area, and future research direction. Ongoing works by early pioneers in the business and management education online and hybrid learning area, such as Ben J. Arbaugh, have helped draw interest into this research area. This set of articles should further grow that interest.
Trading Your Diversification Strategy for a Green One: How Do Firms in Emerging Economies Get on the Green Train?
Authors: Hu Die , Wang Yuandi , Yang Xue
Published: May 2018

Many studies have been performed to explore how firms transform from a nongreen strategy to a green one, but there is no definitive answer. Aiming to untangle this complex process in the context of the strategy and belief that being green is an important endeavor, this study details how firms implement green strategy from product diversification to innovation under the pressure of environmental regulations. Consistent with our arguments, data from Chinese listed firms reveal that environmental regulations create pressure for resources and managerial skills to be split between diversification and innovation strategies, which leads to innovation at the cost of diversification. This tension is strengthened when the firm has insufficient slack resources and faces strong environmental dynamism. Furthermore, we find that the innovation strategy increasingly substitutes the loss of the downsized diversification strategy. In addition, these effects show the differences between sectors and the dynamic change over time.
Economic Results of Private Investments in the Road Infrastructure Projects: Does the HDM-4 Show the Big Picture?
Authors: Badasyan Norayr , Alfen Hans Wilhelm
Published: May 2018

The Highway Development and Management model (HDM-4) is a software system developed for the evaluation and optimization of the economic benefits of the road projects and is widely used both by practitioners, decision makers, international consulting companies, and academia. This article analyzes the application of the HDM-4 in the management of the private investment projects in the road sector thus trying to identify the main missing points for the evaluation of the big picture in the sector. The aim of the current study is to justify the need for the further development of a relevant plug-in tool for the HDM-4 to completely estimate the economic results of the projects in the road sector with private investments.
MRI prevalence and characteristics of supraacetabular fossae in patients with hip pain
Authors: Boutris Nickolas , Gardner Stephanie L , Yetter Thomas R , Delgado Domenica A , Pulido Luis , Harris Joshua D
Published: May 2018

Background:

Supraacetabular fossae (SAF) are normal anatomic variants found at the 12 o’clock position of the acetabulum and can be mistaken for osteochondral defects.

Purpose:

Determine SAF prevalence on MRI of patients with hip pain. Characterise SAF by type, size, and location. Determine sensitivity of radiology reports and sensitivity of radiographs in SAF detection.

Methods:

MRIs performed over 1 year in patients with hip/groin pain were analysed for SAF. Measurements of SAF in the coronal and sagittal planes and location using clockface notation were recorded. Radiology reports were reviewed to determine if SAF were identified and radiographs were assessed for presence of SAF. Mean characteristics of type 1 and 2 SAF were compared using Student’s t-test.

Results:

214 hips (mean age 35.9 ± 14.2 years; 66.8% female) were analysed. Twenty-seven hips (12.6%) had SAF. There were five type 1 SAF (mean age 16.8 ± 2.2 years) and 23 type 2 SAF (mean age 33.0 ± 16.3 years). Mean dimensions of type 1 and 2 SAF (coronal width × sagittal width × depth, in millimetres) were 7.1 × 6.5 × 3.4 and 6.1 × 5.9 × 2.8, respectively. Mean clockwise location in the coronal and sagittal planes (in minutes) was 1236 and 1212 for type 1 SAF and 1213 and 1207 for type 2 SAF. Radiology reports identified 7.1% of SAF identified on MRI. Plain radiographs demonstrated 67.9% of SAF identified on MRI.

Conclusion:

This study found a 12.6% prevalence of SAF in hips. Radiology reports had a 7.1% sensitivity in correctly identifying SAF on MRI. IRB: Pro00016584
Recurrent Pityriasis Rubra Pilaris: A Case Report
Authors: MacGillivray Megan E. , Fiorillo Loretta
Published: May 2018

Pityriasis rubra pilaris (PRP) is an uncommon papulosquamous dermatosis characterized by follicular, erythematous, hyperkeratotic papules coalescing to salmon-coloured plaques with islands of sparing. The disease tends to be self-limited and resolves spontaneously after a few years. In some cases, the disease is persistent. However, recurrence of this disease has rarely been described. An 8-year-old male was diagnosed with type III (classic juvenile) PRP. He was treated with acitretin, and his skin was clear after 6 months. He remained disease free for 6 years. At 14 years old, he was diagnosed again with type III PRP. His cutaneous manifestations were highly similar to his initial presentation. He was treated with acitretin and methotrexate concurrently and achieved skin clearance. Recurrence of type III PRP is possible although rarely described in the literature. Acitretin ± methotrexate therapy is effective at achieving skin clearance.
Lived Space of Urban Development: The Everyday Politics of Spatial Production in Nanjing, China
Authors: Tynen Sarah
Published: May 2018

This article is about experiences of insecurity and the pursuit of resources in the midst of impending housing demolition in the city of Nanjing, China. How do everyday practices reproduce or contest spatial production of the neighborhood? How do residents articulate belonging in urban space? How does spatial production interact with social and cultural life in the neighborhood? Through an ethnographic study of the discourses and practices in an old city neighborhood in China, I find that residents construct their urban neighborhood community through social and cultural means by (1) building and maintaining relationships and (2) negotiating their right to the city. I use state propaganda, ethnographic field notes, and interview data to show how urban inhabitants create their city neighborhood. How residents create space in their neighborhood by building relationships and contesting the right to its resources illustrate their making sense of social belonging and conflicted experiences with urban renewal projects.
Spatial Practices in the Space of Haze City
Authors: Zhou Xian
Published: May 2018

As China undergoes rapid industrialization and urbanization, haze has become a serious environmental problem, which has brought about some significant changes to the urban space. By examining the changes to the space in haze city using a social–cultural approach, the article suggests a triadic conception of spatial practice in a haze city and analyzes its three component factors: risk experience, stress behavior, and resistant discourse. People’s risk experience in haze space has led to a behavioral tendency toward isolation or escape and resulted in the creation of an ironic folk humor culture as a discourse of resistance. The author believes that people’s spatial practice in haze city has been exerting increasing pressures on the Chinese authorities, urging them to take measures to improve the environment.
A DIY, Project-based Approach to Teaching Data Journalism
Authors: Graham Caroline
Published: May 2018

As a case study, this article will illustrate how a project-based approach has addressed some of the challenges of embedding data journalism content into courses at a small Australian university. It will also identify some of the associated limitations and difficulties. Since 2013, Bond journalism students have undertaken five collaborative data-driven investigations, with a sixth underway in 2018. The project-based approach encourages resilience, creative problem-solving and minimizes students’ aversion to maths and statistics while empowering students to produce industry-standard work in an area of inexperience and discomfort. However, it is a reasonably resource-intensive approach and would be difficult to replicate in a larger cohort.
Oncoplastic Breast-Conserving Surgery in Iceland: A Population-Based Study
Authors: Palsdottir E. P. , Lund S. H. L. , Asgeirsson K. S. A.
Published: May 2018

Background and Aims:

In Iceland, oncoplastic breast-conservation surgery has been performed since 2008. The aim of this population-based study was to assess and compare the efficacy and patient satisfaction of standard breast-conservation surgery with oncoplastic breast-conservation surgery.

Materials and methods:

This is a population-based, retrospective, observational cohort study on all women undergoing breast-conservation surgery in Iceland from the 1 January 2008 to 31 December 2014. A multivariate logistic regression and linear regression were performed to assess differences in outcomes and a patient satisfaction questionnaire was used to assess certain patient-related outcome measures.

Results and conclusion:

A total of 750 women underwent breast-conserving surgery, 665 had standard breast-conservation surgery and 85 oncoplastic breast-conservation surgery. Oncoplastic breast-conservation surgery was associated with a significantly larger mean size (2.4 cm vs 1.7 cm, p < 0.001) and weight (181.8 g vs 63.4 g, p < 0.001) of breast specimen excised when compared to standard breast-conservation surgery. After correcting for confounding factors, there was no significant difference in surgical margin involvement (odds ratio = 0.97, confidence interval = 0.44–1.97), frequency of complications (odds ratio = 1.06, confidence interval = 0.46–2.18), frequency of reoperations (odds ratio = 0.98; confidence interval = 0.50–1.81), or time to first adjuvant therapy (–0.23 days for oncoplastic breast-conservation surgery, p = 0.95). Patient satisfaction was high in both groups, although not statistically different (96% in oncoplastic breast-conservation surgery group vs 89% in the standard breast-conservation surgery group, p = 0.84). Our results show that oncoplastic breast-conservation surgery is at least as safe as standard breast-conservation surgery in selected cases and may be preferable in ductal carcinoma in situ.
Mapping the dilemmatic space of early childhood education and care practitioners when challenged by children’s curiosity
Authors: Menning Soern Finn
Published: May 2018

This article explores the notion of curiosity as a gateway to value dilemmas in early childhood education and care practices. The concept of dilemmatic space (Honig) is used to highlight the complexity of educational practices. Through an ethnographic approach based on video-observation and stimulated recall interviews, the reflections of the practitioners in three early childhood education and care institutions in Norway are analysed regarding situations in which curiosity was challenging and in which explorative behaviour was stopped, transferred or adjusted. The analyses allowed the construction of several axes of dilemmatic space, such as Equality versus Supporting the Individual, Social Order versus Questioning Status Quo and Being Professional versus Being Private. This highlights the entanglement of values, which is part of the ongoing process of constructing professional identity. It is argued that even in the case of widely accepted notions like curiosity, standardised and fixed guidelines on practice cannot be the sole answer to the complexity of early childhood education and care.
An anomaly node detection method for distributed time synchronization algorithm in cognitive radio sensor networks
Authors: Yang Qi , Zhang Xuan , Qian Jingfeng , Ye Qiang
Published: May 2018

In wireless sensor networks, time synchronization is an important issue for all nodes to have a unified time. The wireless sensor network nodes should cooperatively adjust their local time according to certain distributed synchronization algorithms to achieve global time synchronization. Conventionally, it is assumed that all nodes in the network are cooperative and well-functioned in the synchronization process. However, in cognitive radio wireless sensor networks, the global time synchronization process among secondary users is prone to fail because the communication process for exchanging synchronization reference may be frequently interrupted by the primary users. The anomaly nodes that failed to synchronize will significantly affect the global convergence performance of the synchronization algorithm. This article proposes an anomaly node detection method for distributed time synchronization algorithm in cognitive radio sensor networks. The proposed method adopts the statistical linear correlation analysis approach to detect anomaly nodes through the historical time synchronization information stored in local nodes. Simulation results show that the proposed method can effectively improve the robustness of the synchronization algorithm in distributed cognitive radio sensor networks.
Pneumococcal vaccination for HIV-infected individuals in Singapore
Authors: Licciardi Paul V , Tan Eng Lee , Li Peng , Ng Oon Tek
Published: May 2018

Susceptibility to infections with pneumococcal bacteria ( Streptococcus pneumoniae) is substantially higher among human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected individuals, and accounts for a significant burden of morbidity and healthcare costs. Pneumococcal vaccination is recommended in most countries for HIV-infected adults. Current policy in Singapore and Australia recommends the use of the 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPSV23) as a booster dose following the use of 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13). Despite this, adherence to this policy has been suboptimal in Singapore. This may be related to the fact that PPSV23 has not been shown to have any impact on pneumococcal carriage (the necessary prerequisite for disease development). PPSV23 has also been associated with immune hyporesponsiveness, raising concerns over the use of this vaccine globally and, in particular, in high-risk populations. The lack of data from studies comparing PCV13 and PPSV23 has also contributed to the suboptimal uptake of pneumococcal vaccines by healthcare professionals for HIV-infected individuals. This review article discusses the key issues and importance of rigorous pneumococcal vaccination programmes for HIV-infected individuals. Current recommendations for pneumococcal vaccination of HIV-infected individuals in Singapore should be adopted more readily to reduce the burden of pneumococcal disease in this high-risk group.
Pure erythroid leukemia in a polymyositis patient treated with azathioprine
Authors: Imataki Osamu , Takeuchi Akihiro , Uchida Shumpei , Yokokura Shigeyuki , Uemura Makiko , Kadowaki Norimitsu
Published: May 2018

Acute erythroid leukemia, also known as acute myeloid leukemia-M6, may be associated with previous chemotherapy or immunosuppressive therapy. For 10 years, a 69-year-old Japanese female patient with pure erythroid leukemia (or acute myeloid leukemia-M6b) was treated for polymyositis with 50–100 mg/day azathioprine. She complained of dyspnea with low-grade fever and was diagnosed as having pure erythroid leukemia. Chromosomal analysis revealed a complex karyotype abnormality, with the deletion of 5q, -6, -7 and addition of 11q13. No morphological myelodysplastic changes were observed in her bone marrow cells. In this study, azathioprine accumulation was considered to be associated with the patient’s leukemogenesis.
Being “on Point”: Exploring the Stress-related Experiences of Incarceration
Authors: Porter Lauren C.
Published: May 2018

Prior studies establish a link between incarceration and stress-related health, but relatively little is known about perceived stressors among current and former prisoners. To better understand the stress-related experiences of this population, in-depth interviews were conducted with 25 former inmates in upstate New York and northeast Ohio in 2012 and 2013. Participants were asked about their health during and after prison, with all participants describing aspects of their incarcerations as stressful. The most commonly identified primary stressors (i.e., stressors while incarcerated) were interactions with correctional officers, interactions with medical staff, and fear of other inmates. Post-release, employment troubles emerged as the most cited secondary stressor. Surprisingly, few participants described feeling stigmatized following their imprisonment. Findings carry implications for the long-term health and well-being of ever-incarcerated individuals and point to the need for further research, both quantitative and qualitative, on stress-related health among correctional populations.
Fluid Extravasation in Shoulder Arthroscopic Surgery: A Systematic Review
Authors: Memon Muzammil , Kay Jeffrey , Gholami Arian , Simunovic Nicole , Ayeni Olufemi R.
Published: May 2018

Background:

Arthroscopic surgery of the shoulder joint has become increasingly more common given its advantages over open surgery; however, one rare but potentially life-threatening complication is fluid extravasation into the surrounding tissues, causing edema, respiratory compromise, abnormal results on laboratory blood tests, and possibly death. Currently, no systematic review exists that summarizes the existing clinical research on this topic.

Purpose:

To perform a systematic review on fluid extravasation as a complication of shoulder arthroscopic surgery, specifically assessing clinical presentation, risk factors, management, and outcomes.

Study Design:

Systematic review; Level of evidence, 4.

Methods:

Two reviewers independently searched 3 databases (PubMed, Ovid [MEDLINE], and Embase) from database inception until July 1, 2017. The PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) checklist guided the reporting and data abstraction. The methodological quality of these studies was assessed using the Methodological Index for Non-Randomized Studies (MINORS) checklist. The results are presented in a narrative summary fashion using descriptive statistics including ranges and agreement statistics.

Results:

A total of 26 studies (20 case reports, 4 case series, and 2 prospective comparative studies) encompassing 205 patients (mean age, 50.8 years [range, 15-83 years]) were included. The most common signs of fluid extravasation included chest wall swelling (n = 86) and neck swelling (n = 116). In 32 patients, observation alone was sufficient. Other patients required airway intubation (n = 16), diuretics (n = 7), steroids (n = 1), and percutaneous drainage of fluid (n = 1). Clinical edema resolved after 2 to 48 hours, and patients were discharged 1 to 20 days postoperatively. Serious complications included transfer to the intensive care unit (n = 14), anterior interosseous nerve palsy (n = 4), rhabdomyolysis (n = 1), and death (n = 1).

Conclusion:

Fluid extravasation has the potential to be a life-threatening complication of shoulder arthroscopic surgery; however, it is most commonly managed nonoperatively, and symptoms typically resolve with no evidence of long-term complications. Intraoperative surgical decisions, such as minimizing the surgical time and volume of irrigation fluid used, may limit fluid extravasation, while careful intraoperative monitoring may facilitate prompt diagnosis and management to optimize patient outcomes.
Anti-Hyperglycemic and Anti-Inflammatory Activities of Polyphenolic-Rich Extract of Syzygium cumini Linn Leaves in Alloxan-Induced Diabetic Rats
Authors: Ajiboye Basiru O. , Ojo Oluwafemi A. , Akuboh Olivia S. , Abiola Okesola M. , Idowu Olajumoke , Amuzat Aliyu O.
Published: May 2018

In this study, anti-hyperglycemic and anti-inflammatory activities of polyphenolic-rich extract of Syzygium cumini leaves in alloxan-induced diabetic rats were determined. Diabetes was induced by a single intraperitoneal injection of alloxan (150 mg/kg body weight) in female Wistar rats. The rats were orally administered with 400 mg/kg free phenol, 400 mg/kg bound phenol, and 5 mg/kg metformin, respectively. On the 14th day of oral administration, the animals were sacrificed, anti-hyperglycemic and anti-inflammatory were assessed. Fasting blood glucose and glycated hemoglobin levels; homeostasis model assessment–insulin resistance scores, lipid peroxidation concentration, glucose-6-phosphatase activity, and all concentrations of anti-inflammatory studied in alloxan-induced diabetic rats were significantly ( P < .05) reduced with the administration of polyphenolic-rich extract of Syzygium cumini leaves. Also there was significant ( P < .05) increase in glycogen and insulin concentrations, pancreatic β-cell scores, antioxidant enzymes and hexokinase activities, as well as glucose transporter levels in diabetic animals administered with polyphenolic-rich extract of S cumini leaves. The results indicate that S cumini leaves possess anti-hyperglycemic and anti-inflammatory activities.
BRAF Mutations in Low-Grade Serous Ovarian Cancer and Response to BRAF Inhibition
Authors: Moujaber Tania , Etemadmoghadam Dariush , Kennedy Catherine J. , Chiew Yoke-Eng , Balleine Rosemary L. , Saunders Catherine , Wain Gerard V. , Gao Bo , Hogg Russell , Srirangan Sivatharsny , Kan Casina , Fereday Sian , Traficante Nadia ,   Australian Ovarian Cancer Study, Patch Ann-Marie , Pearson John V. , Waddell Nicola , Grimmond Sean M. , Dobrovic Alexander , Bowtell David D.L. , Harnett Paul R. , deFazio Anna
Published: May 2018

Purpose

Low-grade serous ovarian carcinoma (LGSC) responds poorly to chemotherapy and is characterized by activating mutations in the Ras sarcoma–mitogen-activated protein kinase (RAS-MAPK) pathway, including oncogenic BRAF. However, response to BRAF inhibitors is tumor-type specific. Significant improvement in survival is seen in patients with BRAF-mutant melanoma, but other cancer types, such as colorectal cancers, are generally less sensitive. We examined the frequency and characteristics of BRAF-mutated LGSC and described the response to treatment with BRAF inhibitors.

Patients and Methods

Mutations were assessed in LGSC (N = 65) by using targeted, exome, and whole-genome sequencing. Patient characteristics, treatment, and clinical outcome were assessed, and the median follow-up time was more than 5 years. BRAF inhibitors were trialed in two patients with a somatic BRAF V600E mutation: one patient received dabrafenib monotherapy and was monitored clinically, biochemically (cancer antigen [CA]-125 levels), and with positron emission tomography (PET) imaging. Expression of the BRAF V600E protein in this patient was assessed by immunohistochemistry.

Results

Among patients with LGSC, nine (13.8%) of 65 had a somatic BRAF mutation. Of the nine patients with BRAF mutation–positive LGSC, four experienced progressive disease that did not respond to conventional chemotherapy. Two of the patients experienced progression quickly and died as a result of disease progression, and two received targeted treatment. Two patients with BRAF V600E mutation received BRAF inhibitors at relapse and both achieved durable responses.

Conclusion

BRAF mutations are not uncommon in patients with LGSC and should be routinely tested, because BRAF inhibitors can be an effective treatment for these patients. The results highlight the need for targeted treatment in this rare tumor type, and a prospective study is needed to formally assess the response rate and clinical benefit.
Rebounding with Medicare: Reform and Counterreform in American Health Policy
Authors: Starr Paul
Published: May 2018

America's major health care programs were all enacted on the rebound from defeat of more expansive progressive ideas. Chastened reformers have typically adopted rebound strategies that accommodate some sources of opposition, incorporate elements of counterreforms, and reflect intervening institutional change. This dynamic has unfolded three times: from the Progressive Era to the enactment of Medicare and Medicaid in 1965, from the late 1960s to the expansion of Medicaid in the 1980s, and from defeat of the 1993 Clinton plan to the enactment of the Children's Health Insurance Plan in 1997 and the Affordable Care Act in 2010. Setbacks in the Trump era will require advocates of universal coverage to coalesce around a rebound strategy that similarly takes account of recent developments and recognizes the Affordable Care Act's limitations and political vulnerabilities. This article argues that Medicare provides a platform for such a strategy and that the next fiscally and politically feasible step is the creation of a new “Midlife Medicare” program that would extend protection to people fifty to sixty-four years of age.
Morphological Development and Coordination Change in the Course of Cd2+ Hydrolysis
Authors: Sakai Yuka , Kawamoto Daisuke , Yokoyama Takushi , Miyazaki Akane
Published: May 2018

Morphological development from nanowire to hexagonal platelet was observed for hydrolysis products of Cd(NO3)2 aqueous solution. 113Cd cross-polarization magic-angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction revealed that the morphological development corresponds to the change of coordination environment around Cd2+ from double salts containing nitrate ions to β-Cd(OH)2.
It's fantastic weather for a party
Authors: Neville Sarah
Published: May 2018

As we move into June our planning will take advantage of warmer days and opportunities this affords for being outside more. A teddy bear's picnic can involve children of all ages.
Z is for Zygomaticus muscles…
Authors: Hammond Paula , Lillie Stephen
Published: May 2018

This month, we continue our series that takes the form of an extended alphabetical adventure around the body, helping children to get to know themselves a little better.
Latest developments
Authors: Johnson Jennie , Smith Sue
Published: May 2018

Send your letters, news stories or latest developments to: The Editor, Child Care, St Jude's Church, Dulwich Road, Herne Hill, London, SE24 0PB email: childcare@markallengroup.com
Physical development
Authors: Webb Penny
Published: May 2018

With Ofsted's recent announcement that its inspectors would put a greater emphasis on movement, exercise and control activities, how can childminders get children moving?
It's time to track the vulnerable
Authors: O'Connell Suzanne
Published: May 2018

Schools are expected to follow up every absence, and yet there are thousands of children who have nobody checking up on them at all. The issue of children missing education is difficult to tackle, so what can be done to protect the vulnerable? Suzanne O'Connell reports
Specialist community public health nursing: Understanding and exploring assessment for learning
Authors: Seal Joanne
Published: May 2018

This article explores assessment ‘for’ learning (AfL), rather than focusing on accreditation or ‘of’ learning. AfL is a process of seeking and interpreting evidence, for use by both the learner and the teacher to inform future learning and development. Exploring assessment through a sociocultural lens provides an alternative in which practice teachers can make sense of the assessment process and in doing so support specialist community public health nurses in their learning and development.
Family support for alcohol misuse
Authors:   Al-Anon Family Groups
Published: May 2018

Much is written about the effects of heavy alcohol consumption on the drinker, but how it affects those closest is equally as devastating. As Fiona's story shows, there is a place to help sufferers and their families through the journey to recovery.
CattleReview
Authors: Barrett David C
Published: May 2018

Introduction:

From 1st June 2018, Red Tractor Assurance dairy standards regarding medicine use are being strengthened. It will now be a full standard that highest priority critically important antimicrobials (HP-CIAs), defined as third-generation or fourth-generation cephalosporins and fluoroquinolones, only be used as a last resort following veterinary advice and supported by appropriate diagnostics including sensitivity testing. This edition of Cattle Review considers recent published research from both the University of Nottingham and University of Bristol pertinent to this change.
Quantifying Atherogenic Lipoproteins: Current and Future Challenges in the Era of Personalized Medicine and Very Low Concentrations of LDL Cholesterol. A Consensus Statement from EAS and EFLM
Authors: Langlois Michel R , Chapman M John , Cobbaert Christa , Mora Samia , Remaley Alan T , Ros Emilio , Watts Gerald F , Borén Jan , Baum Hannsjörg , Bruckert Eric , Catapano Alberico , Descamps Olivier S , von Eckardstein Arnold , Kamstrup Pia R , Kolovou Genovefa , Kronenberg Florian , Langsted Anne , Pulkki Kari , Rifai Nader , Sypniewska Grazyna , Wiklund Olov , Nordestgaard Børge G ,   for the European Atherosclerosis Society (EAS) and the European Federation of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (EFLM) Joint Consensus Initiative
Published: May 2018

BACKGROUND

The European Atherosclerosis Society–European Federation of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine Consensus Panel aims to provide recommendations to optimize atherogenic lipoprotein quantification for cardiovascular risk management.

CONTENT

We critically examined LDL cholesterol, non-HDL cholesterol, apolipoprotein B (apoB), and LDL particle number assays based on key criteria for medical application of biomarkers. (a) Analytical performance: Discordant LDL cholesterol quantification occurs when LDL cholesterol is measured or calculated with different assays, especially in patients with hypertriglyceridemia >175 mg/dL (2 mmol/L) and low LDL cholesterol concentrations <70 mg/dL (1.8 mmol/L). Increased lipoprotein(a) should be excluded in patients not achieving LDL cholesterol goals with treatment. Non-HDL cholesterol includes the atherogenic risk component of remnant cholesterol and can be calculated in a standard nonfasting lipid panel without additional expense. ApoB more accurately reflects LDL particle number. (b) Clinical performance: LDL cholesterol, non-HDL cholesterol, and apoB are comparable predictors of cardiovascular events in prospective population studies and clinical trials; however, discordance analysis of the markers improves risk prediction by adding remnant cholesterol (included in non-HDL cholesterol) and LDL particle number (with apoB) risk components to LDL cholesterol testing. (c) Clinical and cost-effectiveness: There is no consistent evidence yet that non-HDL cholesterol-, apoB-, or LDL particle-targeted treatment reduces the number of cardiovascular events and healthcare-related costs than treatment targeted to LDL cholesterol.

Follow-up of pre- and on-treatment (measured or calculated) LDL cholesterol concentration in a patient should ideally be performed with the same documented test method. Non-HDL cholesterol (or apoB) should be the secondary treatment target in patients with mild to moderate hypertriglyceridemia, in whom LDL cholesterol measurement or calculation is less accurate and often less predictive of cardiovascular risk. Laboratories should report non-HDL cholesterol in all standard lipid panels.
Retranslating Strindberg: Adaptation, (re)location and site-related performance
Authors: Connor Rachel
Published: May 2018

This article offers a practitioner’s perspective on the experience of adapting, devising and co-producing A Dream Play for a northern British audience at an art café during the Manchester Festival Fringe in 2015. It explores how the process of re-versioning A Dream Play provides insights that might be of relevance to the fields of adaptation and translation studies. Starting from the position that translation is ‘rewriting’ – an ‘active form of interpretation whose cultural impact is extensive’ – the article argues that the adaptation of August Strindberg’s text to a devised, site-related performance amplified that ‘cultural impact’ through its ‘retranslation’ to a non-traditional theatre site. In shaping the responses of cast and audience to the physical performance space, the production created a ‘poetics of the collective’, which permitted a new engagement with Strindberg’s canonical text. The piece concludes with some reflections on the constraints of the writer-adaptor in the re-visioning, particularly in an iconic text such as A Dream Play.
Women’s International Alliances in an Emergent Ghana
Authors: Sackeyfio-Lenoch Naaborko
Published: May 2018

As Africans sought to build nations during the independence era, their efforts were informed by international currents. In addition to political parties, nonstate actors such as civil society groups played a role in this process. Women activists in an emergent Ghana—most notably, the National Federation of Gold Coast Women and one of its leaders, Evelyn Amarteifio—created a new form of internationalism that merged the nation-building strategies of Kwame Nkrumah and the Convention People’s Party with women’s efforts elsewhere in Africa and the wider Diaspora. Thus, she and her organization did not fit neatly into the conventional Ghanaian nationalist political and economic narrative and at times came into conflict with national political leaders. Examining Amarteifio’s actions and those of the Federation demonstrates the diverse and conscious ways in which African women sought to achieve their own objectives through engagements with the Ghanaian state and international groups.
Sex, Drugs, and Female Agency: Why Siramori Diabaté’s Song “Nanyuman” Was Such a Success in Mali and Guinea
Authors: Jansen Jan , Counsel Graeme , Camara Brahima
Published: May 2018

This article presents the lyrics of the song “Nanyuman” by Mali’s legendary female griot (bard) Siramori (Sira Mory) Diabaté (c. 1925–1989). It will demonstrate how a female griot integrates into her songs topical moral discussions on the position of married women in the socialist-inspired nations of Guinea and Mali in the 1960s and 1970s. Through the voice of “Nanyuman,” the protagonist of the song, Siramori, comments in ways a male griot never could, discussing marriage, sex, men’s roles as husbands, motherhood, and even the use of stimulant drugs. This source publication shows that the remarkable rise of female griots in West Africa from the 1960s onwards can be explained by new topical debates on West African society, and not only by technological innovations and new aesthetic appreciations of female voices that have received scholarly attention. The performance of “Nanyuman” also reveals Siramori’s artistic and comedic talents as an entertainer, thus evidencing why she was elevated to the highest ranks of musicians in Mali.
La orientación teológica de la metafísica de Francisco Suárez
Authors: Salas Víctor M.
Published: May 2018

La narración común sobre la metafísica de Francisco Suárez entre un grupo diverso de pensadores es que el jesuita presenta una ontología «indiferente» que descuida la concepción medieval tradicional de Dios como absolutamente trascendente y única. Aunque las críticas dirigidas contra Suárez son legiones e igualmente diversas como las críticas de las que derivan, tal como yo lo entiendo, hay una convicción común a todas ellas, aunque no expresada, de que el pensamiento del jesuita finalmente resulta en la secularización de la metafísica. Por «secularización» me refiero a que, como se afirma con frecuencia, el análisis de Suárez sobre la naturaleza del ser ocurre por completo sin la necesidad de advertir sobre ningún marco teológico general. En este ensayo, cuestiono ese punto de vista y sostengo que la metafísica de Suárez está completamente determinada por su visión teológica y su proyecto.
Proyección histórica de Francisco Suárez: Xavier Zubiri
Authors: Monserrat Javier
Published: May 2018

La obra epistemológica y metafísica de Francisco Suárez supuso un cambio importante en la filosofía escolástica. Por ello ha sido denominada como la Segunda Escolástica. En realidad, más que un «cambio» o «reforma» del tomismo, es una verdadera alternativa. En Suárez tienen su eco el pensamiento nominalista y la ciencia moderna. Estos puntos de referencia nos hacen entender por qué Suárez dijo lo que dijo. En alguna manera intuyó lo que su tiempo significaba. El tomismo puro asumió una interpretación «dura» del dualismo griego y esto había dado lugar a la teoría de la prevalencia del universal en el proceso cognitivo. El nominalismo y la ciencia moderna no iban en esta línea. Para ellos, la mente humana se construía a partir de la experiencia, en la línea del sensismo y del empirismo posterior. Suárez, en efecto, cambió también de perspectiva, haciéndola más conforme con su tiempo, al reconstruir el proceso del conocimiento a partir de la teoría epistemológica de la prevalencia del singular sobre el universal en el proceso cognitivo. Durante los siglos siguientes, la obra de Suárez supuso una alternativa eficaz frente al tomismo puro, sobre todo por la obra docente de los jesuitas. Por ello, el estilo filosófico de Suárez se extendió por toda Europa y marcó una línea de presencia filosófica en España. Creemos que puede hablarse de una constante filosófica española que recoge las grandes líneas de Suárez. Esta manera de pensar se ha proyectado, o ha fructificado, en el siglo XX, en autores como Amor Ruibal y Zubiri. En este artículo mostraremos la conexión entre la epistemología de Suárez y la de Zubiri.
La ley natural en Francisco de Suárez: exaltación de la libertad
Authors: López Casquete de Prado Manuel
Published: May 2018

La formulación suareciana sobre la ley natural ofrece una de las elaboraciones más brillantes y acabadas de la tradición iusnaturalista. En este artículo analizamos las claves desde las que Suárez formula su propuesta, la cual encuentra en el concepto de libertad su punto culminante. Desde la llamada radical e irrenunciable del ser humano al ejercicio de su libertad, Suárez desgrana lo esencial de su elaboración, una de cuyas derivas terminaría por decantar —siglos después— el concepto de derecho subjetivo. Así mismo, hacemos especial mención de los aspectos epistemológicos de su sistema, que consideramos esenciales para abordar una correcta comprensión de la propuesta iusnaturalista suareciana. Para ello ofrecemos una ceñida comparación con la gnoseología tomista de la ley natural.
Alternating Modulation of Subthalamic Nucleus Beta Oscillations during Stepping
Authors: Fischer Petra , Chen Chiung Chu , Chang Ya-Ju , Yeh Chien-Hung , Pogosyan Alek , Herz Damian M. , Cheeran Binith , Green Alexander L. , Aziz Tipu Z. , Hyam Jonathan , Little Simon , Foltynie Thomas , Limousin Patricia , Zrinzo Ludvic , Hasegawa Harutomo , Samuel Michael , Ashkan Keyoumars , Brown Peter , Tan Huiling
Published: May 2018

Gait disturbances in Parkinson's disease are commonly refractory to current treatment options and majorly impair patient's quality of life. Auditory cues facilitate gait and prevent motor blocks. We investigated how neural dynamics in the human subthalamic nucleus of Parkinsons's disease patients (14 male, 2 female) vary during stepping and whether rhythmic auditory cues enhance the observed modulation. Oscillations in the beta band were suppressed after ipsilateral heel strikes, when the contralateral foot had to be raised, and reappeared after contralateral heel strikes, when the contralateral foot rested on the floor. The timing of this 20–30 Hz beta modulation was clearly distinct between the left and right subthalamic nucleus, and was alternating within each stepping cycle. This modulation was similar, whether stepping movements were made while sitting, standing, or during gait, confirming the utility of the stepping in place paradigm. During stepping in place, beta modulation increased with auditory cues that assisted patients in timing their steps more regularly. Our results suggest a link between the degree of power modulation within high beta frequency bands and stepping performance. These findings raise the possibility that alternating deep brain stimulation patterns may be superior to constant stimulation for improving parkinsonian gait.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTGait disturbances in Parkinson's disease majorly reduce patients' quality of life and are often refractory to current treatment options. We investigated how neural activity in the subthalamic nucleus of patients who received deep brain stimulation surgery covaries with the stepping cycle. 20–30 Hz beta activity was modulated relative to each step, alternating between the left and right STN. The stepping performance of patients improved when auditory cues were provided, which went along with enhanced beta modulation. This raises the possibility that alternating stimulation patterns may also enhance beta modulation and may be more beneficial for gait control than continuous stimulation, which needs to be tested in future studies.
Medidas de prevenção e proteção em casos de incêndios criminosos em edificações
Authors: Queiroz da Silva Amanda Thaís , Santos Carmo Shirlene Kelly , Santos Rogério de Jesus
Published: May 2018

O crescimento acelerado dos grandes centros urbanos provocou diversas consequências, dentre elas, a ocorrência de incêndios catastróficos. Diante desse quadro, os incêndios tornaram-se uma problemática real para a sociedade, causando perdas irreparáveis de todos os tipos. Mediante a gravidade dos efeitos desses eventos, o estudo e a investigação sobre os mesmos são de fundamental importância para elucidação de possíveis crimes, considerando que muitos são de ordem intencional. Nessa perspectiva, esse trabalho aborda um estudo sobre incêndios criminosos, discorrendo sobre a utilização de acelerantes, principais agentes utilizados em eventos desse tipo, bem como medidas de prevenção e proteção empregadas nas edificações contra a ocorrência dos mesmos. Por fim, é apresentado um estudo de caso, no qual é analisada a implantação correta das medidas de segurança contra incêndio em uma edificação do tipo comercial, a partir do projeto de incêndio da mesma.