bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
O Campo de Pouso da Base Aérea de Manaus e o Aeroporto de Ponta Pelada:
Authors: Rocha Eliaquim Batista da , Ferreira Chesterson Aguiar , Lopes Diogo Lopes e
Published: December 2024

This article tries to identify the period and the stages that contributed to the opening of the runway of the Air Base of Manaus. The survey sets as its starting point the second period of rubber (1940) and its influence on the process of opening the runway Ponta Pelada - South-Central region of Manaus. To understand this point, the research uses of different studies and documents, works such as bibliographic, periodicals, laws and decrees, thus understanding the context and define the relationships that led to the building of the International Airport Getulio Vargas in the 1950s and the start of the Brazilian Air Force activities in the same region.
Instituto Tecnológico de Aeronáutica (ITA):
Authors: Calabria Angelica Raiz
Published: December 2024

The Technological Institute of Aeronautics (ITA) was founded on the sixteenth of January 1950, in the city of São José dos Campos, São Paulo. This institute is considered one of the first steps towards the development of the aerospace industry in Brazil and, in addition to it, ITA still prepares some of the best engineering professionals. Therefore, this work, which is part of the PhD thesis of this author for the Graduate Program in Mathematics Education from UNESP campus Rio Claro / SP is based on the biographical study of the teacher and mathematician Francisco Antonio Lacaz Netto, who worked and devoted himself to the ITA since its inception. We had access to the personal collection of the aforementioned teacher and also to ITA Memory Records, which enabled a brief presentation of these documents, showing the importance of creating the ITA for the aeronautic technological development and for the Brazilian Air Force.
Estudo sobre a influência do Curso de Formação Líder de Esquadrilha de Caça no esforço aéreo total dos Esquadrões do 3º GAV
Authors: Carneiro Edgar Barcellos
Published: December 2024

The goal of this study was to assess the consumption of exclusive flight hours for the training of the Fighter Squadron Leader in the airborne effort of the 3rd GAV Air Squadrons, by comparing the courses conducted in the Brazilian Air Force (FAB) and in the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO). This study sought to measure which airborne effort and which missions of the Fighter Squadron Leader Training Course (CFLEC) are not used in the program of operational maintenance of the Air Squadrons (EsqAe), searching in meaningful learning theories and in the stages of motor learning reasons for such exclusive missions. During the research, the legislations governing the CFLEC and those governing the Flight Lead Upgrade (FLUG) were explored in a NATO member country, used as a standard of comparison. As a survey method, a questionnaire was sent to assess the level of proficiency of the 3rd GAV pilots at the beginning of the course, used as a tool to explain why there are more missions to the CFLEC in comparison with the FLUG, as found in the research. The data analysis verified that, on average, 21% of the total airborne effort of the EsqAe in the year 2016 were dedicated exclusively to missions of the CFLEC, in other words, that they do not have similarities in the program necessary to maintain the operational qualification of the equipment. Compared to NATO, all FLUG missions can be used in the program to maintain the Combat Ready qualification, and they do not require any extra air effort for this purpose.
Defesa aeroespacial e segurança nacional em xeque:
Authors: Farias Andrew Fernandes
Published: December 2024

This article, based on documentary and bibliographic research, aims to verify if the Brazilian normative apparatus enables an effective defense of airspace against threats from hostile aircraft. As is common, airspace is a locus of vulnerability for security and defense issues. In this sense, the destruction of aircraft proves to be an essential measure for the preservation of national security and defense. As aircraft destruction in Brazil is restricted only to suspected illicit drug traffic hypotheses, issues that are much more serious than these, such as terrorism, are not regulated, making national property and national interests vulnerable. Then, despite Brazil having the operational means (trained personnel, radars, planes, helicopters, etc.) to face threats via national airspace, it does not have the legal means. To solve the issue, it is necessary to prepare a normative act that expands the possibilities of reference about aircraft destruction, allowing it for other cases that threaten national security and defense.
Recuos, avanços e continuidade do Programa de Satélite Sino-Brasileiro de Recursos Terrestres (CBERS)
Authors: Missagia Raquel dos Santos , Guimarães Victória Viana Souza
Published: December 2024

The article with a focus on Brazil seeks, through the assessment of the current state of the CBERS Program, to identify the main stakeholders, to verify if the objective of the program is being achieved and if there are obstacles to it, finally it presents possible paths for public policies aimed to the space sector in Brazil. The 1999-2019 time frame is based on the first and last satellite launch of the CBERS Program. From the analysis of the data collected, it was verified that the program, despite reaching great prestige within the international scientific community, still has a series of obstacles that, even with so many years of existence, have not yet been resolved. Among the main issues diagnosed, we highlight the ineffective management of the time interval between launches with recurring delays, the difficulty of regularity in the transfer of the budget allocated to the program in terms of value and periodicity.
O Ministério da Aeronáutica e as sementes de uma política pública de formação de pilotos no Brasil
Authors: Fontes Rejane de Souza
Published: December 2024

The origin of aviation in Brazil began in 1911 with the foundation of the first aeroclub in Brazil: the Aero Club Brasileiro. Since the success of the first flights, other people get started to be interested in learning the piloting technique. Therefore, there was a need to provide adequate training to these new aviators. However, the systematization of air instruction in Brazil occurred only in the 1940s, with the National Aviation Campaign and the creation of the Ministry of Aeronautics. This paper proposes to present a reflection on the role of the Ministry of Aeronautics in structuring a public policy for pilot training and to learn how the modus operandi and the aeronautical mentality worked behind the first pilot course manuals published in Brazil.
Escola Assistencial da Aeronáutica:
Authors: Nascimento Jussara Cassiano
Published: December 2024

This article aims to carry out a historical flyover over the early years at Brigadier Newton Braga College, a school institution that is part of the set of assistance schools linked to the Air Force Command and teaches from the 1st year of elementary school (literacy) to high school. Initially, some data on assistance schools will be addressed, described in the Internal Regulations of these institutions, where we point out the purpose and mission for which they are intended. Then, it highlights the importance of studies and research aimed at school institutions, as well as the changes that took place in the scope of historical research. We spoke with Paolo Nosella and Esther Buffa (2009), researchers in the area, who study school institutions and ensure that this type of study has been significantly expanded, especially in the context of the History of Education. In the specific case of this article, it was decided to bring in more detail the history of the early years, presenting the various peculiarities that involve teaching aimed at children, considered by the school community to be of quality. The conceptions presented in this article were based on approaches from the School of the Annales, by Marc Bloch and Lucien Febvre (1977), with the so-called New History, of French origin, pointing out how important it is to develop studies focused on the particular, while glimpse what happens in general, making history a living and dynamic science.
Regulação para o ADS-B1 no espaço aéreo brasileiro
Authors: Cerqueira Raul Sandoval
Published: December 2024

The Automatic Dependent Broadcasting Surveillance (ADS-B) is a well-known technology, internationally  standardized and recognized as an inexpensive way to carry out radar-like surveillance, even in places where conventional radar surveillance is not adequate. The implementation of this technology means the introduction of new monitored airspace configurations and new operational capabilities that should be understood by the aeronautical community and the regulation of the Department of Airspace Control (DECEA) and the National Civil Aviation Agency (ANAC) should provide adequate processes for civil aviation operations in order to face this evolutionary stage, improving concepts and adapting procedures. This study, whose objective is to contribute to the strengthening of the regulation that will support ADS-B in Brazil, was developed with a multi-methodological approach, including a literature review, expert consultation, international benchmark and case study, and resulted in the identification of 15 possible regulatory improvements with a positive impact on the implementation of ADS-B in national airspace.
O futuro da confiabilidade da navegação aérea dependente do clima espacial
Authors: Aguiar João Pedro Souza , Eberhardt Dario
Published: December 2024

The world’s aviation activity rises constantly, increasing aircraft density in all geographic territories. For this reason, there is a tendency of new navigation technologies to arise that, attending requirements of integrity, accuracy, availability, and continuity, will promote maintenance of air safety, even with increasing flight numbers. The means of positioning determination most used today at aircraft are dependent on satellites. The constellations GPS (Global Positioning System) and GLONASS (Global Navigation Satellite System – in Russian), and the augmentation systems WAAS (Wide Area Augmentation System) and European Geostationary Navigation Overlay Service (EGNOS), for example, are compounds of the Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS).  All the mentioned, are dependent of Earth geomagnetic and ionosphere equilibrium. Both are targets of solar and cosmic radiation bombardments, i.e. space weather. Depending on that phenomenon intensity, serious damages could occur on positioning systems, as in several others, such communications and power grids. In retrospect, space weather already led to losses such as in the events of 1989 and October 2003 on CONUS American region. The forecast quality for such occurrences is still poor, while society complacency associated to this subject is high, which further extends to the aviation, considering the potential damages.
Ensino Superior Militar
Authors: Nascimento Maria Estela Ferreira do
Published: December 2024

This article is about the viability of using active teaching methodologies in the military higher education at AFA (The Brazilian Air Force Academy). The social isolation, a consequence of the pandemic, has been requiring urgent adaptations in the teaching and learning process. This study is based on a research application composed by 178 cadets from the 2nd, 3rd and 4th Squadron and by 38 professors who taught general field disciplines during the 1st semester of 2021, via Google forms and WhatsApp. It was adopted a bibliographic method research and a field research. The results could show that the changes in the higher education have been happening in a moderated way, demanding urgent adaptations in the teaching-learning process from AFA, to continue the development of online classes and accomplish the academic calendar. Although, it will be necessary many technological investments, for instance, the infrastructure and professional training, aiming significant advances. The adoption of active methods added to traditional methods which had already been used, will generate greater engagement of the cadets, therefore, it is necessary to identify the cadets’ predominant learning styles to realize how is the interaction among the cadets’ learning context and the teachers’ teaching context. The Military Higher Education at AFA has been changed and there is viability to advance in the actions which can improve the active methodologies. In this way, this study aims to contribute to advanced actions which have been happening at AFA’s Teaching Division, in a practical and applicable way.
O preparo de tropa de Infantaria da Aeronáutica para Operações de Paz: percepção de militares que atuaram na missão das Nações Unidas para a estabilização no Haiti.
Authors: Oliveira Gustavo Moura de , Hirata Newton , Haberland Débora Fernanda
Published: December 2024

Objective: to analyzethe preparation of troops with a view to employment in Peace Operations, based on the perception of themilitary, commanders of the Air Force Infantry Platoon (PINFA) and graduates. It is intendedverify that the protocols used in the training are in accordance with the recommendations of the UNand attended to what was needed on the job. Method: qualitative, exploratory and descriptive approachfor interviews with military personnel with experience in MINUSTAH. The questionnaire included fiveparts: professional profile, preparation for mission, evaluation in relation to the preparation for action in themissions and questions about lessons learned, training gaps, and suggestions for improvement.For the analysis, we chose to use tables and descriptive statistics in the interpretation of thedata collected, with subsequent discussion of the results. Results: it is possible to identify that theTraining received was important, but the participating platoons had different backgrounds.It was identified that the participation in MINUSTAH brought operational gains to the Infantry, used,for example, in a Law and Order Assurance (GLO) mission. Conclusions: the FAB has establisheda preparation that meets the competencies recommended by the UN. Evaluation of the preparation: based onin MINUSTAH participants, can contribute to a more appropriate training, so thatmake them able to act in a real situation for the benefit of society.
A substituição de cursos de curta duração por cursos de Ciências Aeronáuticas no licenciamento inicial de profissionais aviadores
Authors: Carolino Gustavo Mateus
Published: December 2024

This work consists of an investigation into the education process of future aviators. To that end, an exploratory and bibliographic research was conducted, delving into the fields of learning sciences and the current training of aviator pilots in Brazil. The objective was to ascertain whether the undergraduate program in Aeronautical Sciences can contribute to enhancing aviation safety by replacing massive short-duration courses. At the conclusion of this research, it was observed that the education process for aviators could be improved through the mandatory inclusion of Aeronautical Sciences courses. By replacing short-duration medium-level piloting courses, these courses provide a conducive environment for spaced learning, resulting in better retention of memories in the long term. This enables aviators professionals to retain, retrieve, and apply critical information with more confidence and precision in aviation, as this information stems from more significant learning processes when made available in the job market.
A convergência das atividades militares e policiais no Brasil e o emprego de sistemas de aeronaves remotamente pilotadas
Authors: Motta Murilo , Mariutti Eduardo Barros
Published: December 2024

The deployment of the Armed Forces in public security operations contributes to the convergence of military and police activities and objectives. This article investigates whether the use of Remotely Piloted Aircraft Systems by the Brazilian Air Force is an example of this convergence process. These systems are part of the Intelligence, Surveillance and Reconnaissance Aviation, and are used to identify targets and support decision-making, mainly within national borders, in operations at the border strip and operations to Guarantee Law and Order. The methodology employed is the textual analysis of the news published on the Air Force’s official website: Content Analysis allows the collection of texts to be systematically classified, while the IRAMuTeQ software allows them to be statistically analysed. The results show that, although military and police activities are distinct, the use of Remotely Piloted Aircraft Systems by the Air Force is an example of their convergence.
Liderança Situacional:
Authors: Reis Luiz Fernando Nascimento dos , Nascimento Maria Estela Ferreira do
Published: December 2024

This article is based on a research within the leadership chain - CLC of the Aeronautical Cadet Corps-CCAER. Among all the situational leadership theories researched, the Hersey and Blanchard model was chosen, as this study has a methodology aligned with the existing reality in the process of training Air Force Cadets from the 1st to the 4th squadrons. Investigate the possibility of adopting an ideal leadership style for each squadron, establishing a specific style according to the respective degree of maturity of each squadron. The necessary information for studying the application of situational leadership was collected through two questionnaires. The study used bibliographic research and surveys for data collection. Each CCAER Squad sees itself with a moderate-high “M3” maturity level, with disparities between the idealized style and the one adopted by the leaders. It was also evidenced that there is no increasing graduation in the maturity of the groups, and the troop can increase, maintain or decrease the level of organizational maturity. All this information was enough to reach conclusions that situational leadership is applicable as long as the organizational culture is considered and that there are gaps between idealized styles x employees, contributing to a discrepancy of expectations between leader and subordinate, generating frustrations that make it difficult to this one in the Chain of Leadership.
Gestão do Conhecimento na Força Aérea Brasileira:
Authors: Freitas Gabriela Cardoso de , Telles Marta Maria
Published: December 2024

This study aims to examine the Knowledge Management (KM) approach in the institutional documents of the Brazilian Air Force (FAB) from the perspective of the SECI Model (TAKEUCHI; NONAKA, 2008) and the OKA Method (WORLD BANK, 1999). Data collection was carried out by consulting the Air Force Command Bulletin (BCA) and the Air Force Legislation System (SISLAER), in addition to considering the information collected by Bussmann (2021) in his study on KM in FAB’s Flight Testing Course. Examining the KM approach in FAB's institutional documents, elements related to the dimensions of the OKA Method and the conversion modes of the SECI Model were identified. However, the guidelines reflect intentions of practices to optimize the processes of each Great Command and not specific guidelines for implementation, corroborating the findings of Bussmann (2021). Considering that the study only presented strategic documents, without investigating how they are operationalized in Military Organizations (OM) for future studies, it is suggested to deepen the analysis in one of the cited organizations, demonstrating how the theme has evolved over the years.
Doutrina de defesa do litoral aplicada na autodefesa de superfície de bases aéreas no Brasil
Authors: Bastos Carlos Alberto Santos , Neves Fernando Vitor da Silva
Published: December 2024

The general goal of this work was to investigate how the coast defense doctrine elaborated by the Land Force contributes to the ground defense planning of coastal air bases. For that, an applied, exploratory and qualitative research was developed, with data collection in documental, bibliographical and survey forms. First, in the doctrinal documents of the Brazilian Army, the specific characteristics of greater relevance for the planning of coastal defensive operations were identified, represented by flexibility, mobility, integration, “position defense” tactics and vigorous resistance on the beach. Then, the importance of these factors was confirmed, after being compared with the principles of amphibious warfare defended by Gatchel, Clausewitz, Jomini, Corbett, Gorshkov and Furse, whose works were taken as a referential theory for this research. A survey with these factors were submitted to the Air Force Infantry officers, who are responsible for preparing the ground defense plans of the air bases. All aspects of littoral defense doctrine were considered contributing factors in the ground defense planning of coastal air bases. The ground defense plans of the coastal units were consulted and did not contain the employment hypothesis of coastal defense actions. The difference between the referential theory and the procedures contained in the plans demonstrated that the coastal defense doctrine has the potential to provide improvements to the defensive actions of the FAB units.
Loneliness is Associated with Decreased Support and Increased Strain Given in Social Relationships
Authors: Silver Emily M. , Restrepo Anita , Faig Kelly , Raja Sabina , Dmitroff Stephanie , Smith Karen E. , Norman Greg
Published: December 2024

Prolonged loneliness can be detrimental to both mental and physical
health. However, variability in how individuals respond to loneliness
can shape health outcomes. Here, we explored whether loneliness is
related to perceptions of support and strain given in family and friend
relationships. Specifically, we assessed whether resting parasympathetic
nervous system (PNS) activity, a marker of emotion regulation and
flexible adaptation, moderates self-evaluation of support and strain
given. Participants were from the Midlife Development in the US (MIDUS)
dataset who had measures of loneliness, perceived support given and
perceived strain given in relationships, and resting PNS activity.
Loneliness was associated with decreased support and increased strain
given in both family and friend relationships. Resting parasympathetic
activity moderated the relationship between loneliness and strain given
to family, with lower PNS activity associated with a stronger
relationship. These findings contribute to our understanding of how
loneliness shapes social perception.
Interseccionalidade e acesso a serviços de urgência e emergência em Pelotas, 2022
Authors: Mendes Delpino Felipe , Munhoz Figueiredo Lílian , Faria Rodrigues Leandro , Pereira Nunes Bruno
Published: December 2024

IntroduçãoOs serviços de urgência e emergência são parte importante do sistema de saúde, e seu acesso pode apresentar desigualdade de acordo com o perfil socioeconômico e demográfico da população. Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a associação entre um índice de privação de direitos sociais e a utilização dos serviços de urgênciae emergência em um município de médio porte no Sul do país.
MétodosFoi realizado um estudo longitudinal, com dados de 3425 participantes que responderam as duas ondas, 2021 e 2022, do estudo “EAI PELOTAS? – Emergency Service Utilization and Artificial Intellingence in PELOTAS-RS”. O desfecho principal foi a utilização dos serviços, que foi dividida em serviços públicos e privados. A exposição principal foi a interseccionalidade de variáveis que expressam a privação de  direitos sociais, chamado Jeopardy Index, cuja pontuação varia de 0 a 8, ao passo que 0 representa homem, branco, com alta escolaridade e alta classe econômica, e 8 representa mulher, preta/parda/amarela/indígena, com baixa escolaridade e baixa classe econômica. Foram realizadas análises de regressão de Poisson, com resultados expressos como Risco Relativo (RR), com intervalos de confiança de 95% (IC95%) e ajustados para possíveis fatores de confusão. O estudo foi aprovado pelo Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa, parecer número 39096720.0.0000.5317.
ResultadosA maior parte dos participantes eram mulheres, casadas, com idades entre 30 e 59 anos. Cerca de 32% da amostra utilizou os serviços públicos de saúde ao menos uma vez, enquanto 9,5% utilizaram os serviços privados ao menos uma vez. Quanto maior a privação dos direitos sociais, maior foi o uso dos serviços públicos de saúde (RR: 1.13; IC95%: 1.10-1.16). Por outro lado, quanto menor a privação dos direitos sociais, menor foi o uso dos serviços privados (RR: 0.65; IC95%: 0.61-0.69).
Discussão e conclusões
Nossos resultados mostraram que há desigualdades sociais no acesso aos serviços de urgência e emergência, com efeito sinérgico de variáveis que expressam privação de direitos sociais. Grupos com menor privação de direitos têm maior acesso aos serviços particulares, enquanto aqueles com maior privação acessam mais os serviços públicos. As desigualdades sociais são um problema que reflete as históricas e amplas iniquidades que existem no Brasil, pais que apresenta alta concentração de renda. Os serviços públicos de urgência e emergência são caracterizados por superlotação e demora no atendimento, o que evidencia injustiça na atenção à saúde, uma vez que os grupos com maior privação de direitos são os que mais utilizam esses serviços. É preciso reduzir as desigualdades no acesso aos serviços de saúde, conscientizar e investir na prevenção por meio de políticas públicas de qualidade que visem à promoção da saúde e à redução das desigualdades interseccionais no Brasil
Ampliando a Participação Social nas Consultas Públicas da CONITEC: Uma Análise da Opinião da Sociedade
Authors: Araujo Soraya , Bento Andrea , Cohen Carolina
Published: December 2024

IntroduçãoEste estudo analisou a participação social nas consultas públicas promovidas pela CONITEC (Comissão Nacional de Incorporação de Tecnologias no Sistema Único de Saúde) com o objetivo de promover a equidade no acesso a tecnologias em saúde. A pesquisa, realizada por meio de um formulário eletrônico durante junho e julho de 2023, buscou compreender a percepção da sociedade sobre as consultas públicas da CONITEC e propor melhorias na metodologia de Avaliação de Tecnologias em Saúde (ATS).
MétodosForam coletadas respostas de 650 participantes por meio de um questionário eletrônico. Os dados incluíram informações demográficas, níveis de conhecimento sobre a CONITEC e ATS, percepções sobre o impacto das ATS na qualidade da assistência no SUS, viabilidade da participação pública, confiança nas decisões governamentais e a importância da participação da população na formulação de políticas de saúde.
ResultadosA pesquisa revelou que a maioria dos respondentes estava na faixa etária de 26 a 45 anos, com predomínio de mulheres (69,2%). Cerca de 47,7% dos participantes não trabalhavam na área de saúde, enquanto 52,3% estavam envolvidos de alguma forma, com destaque para aqueles que trabalhavam em estabelecimentos de saúde (26,2%). A maioria dos entrevistados (64,6%) conhecia a CONITEC e seu papel na saúde pública, mas apenas 58,5% entendiam o que era ATS. A maioria acreditava que as ATS impactavam positivamente a qualidade da assistência no SUS (75,5%) e que sua participação nas consultas públicas era viável (80%). No entanto, uma parcela significativa (63,1%) não tinha confiança de que o governo utilizava as informações coletadas nas consultas para incorporar novas tecnologias. A participação da população nas políticas de saúde foi considerada importante por 76,9% dos entrevistados, embora apenas 60% tivessem participado de consultas públicas online, possivelmente devido à falta de conhecimento (76,9%) e confiança (15,4%) em sua capacidade de contribuir efetivamente. 
Discussão e conclusões
Os resultados destacam a necessidade de melhorias nas consultas públicas da CONITEC para aumentar a confiança da população e garantir que suas opiniões sejam consideradas. Uma sugestão apoiada por 67,7% dos participantes foi a criação de formulários específicos para diferentes doenças ou tecnologias. Essas conclusões ressaltam a importância de reformular a metodologia de ATS e promover uma participação efetiva da sociedade na tomada de decisões em saúde.
Jornada Assistencial de Valor do RARAS (JAV RARAS): Análise de microcusteio “time-driven activity-based costing” (TDABC) de pacientes com Polineuropatia Amiloidótica Familiar (PAF)
Authors: Azevedo Camila , Ogata Gabriel , Lopes Luana , Almeida Alef , Barbosa Myrianne , Felix Temis , Nita Marcelo
Published: December 2024

Introdução
A PAF é uma doença hereditária que afeta o sistema nervoso periférico. Em 2018 foi aprovado o Protocolo Clínico e Diretrizes Terapêuticas (PCDT) da PAF. O custeio baseado em atividades orientado pelo tempo (TDABC) é uma metodologia que permite que as organizações de saúde tenham uma visão mais precisa dos custos associados aos seus serviços. Ao usar o TDABC, as organizações podem identificar quais atividades são mais caras e, assim, encontrar maneiras de otimizar processos e reduzir custos sem comprometer a qualidade do atendimento ao paciente.
Métodos
Este estudo descreve a implementação do TDABC no JAV RARAS, com o propósito de quantificar os custos relacionados ao tratamento da PAF. O PCDT foi utilizado como protocolo base para análise do TDABC. Os dados de custo foram obtidos por meio de entrevistas e levantamentos com dados administrativos, enfermagem e profissionais de saúde, nos centros participantes nas regiões Sudeste e Nordeste do Brasil. Foram estudados os custos diretos, envolvendo a identificação das atividades no manejo da PAF, a alocação dos recursos consumidos, a estimativa do custo por unidade de tempo, e a mensuração do tempo de atividade. Além disso, o estudo possibilitou a validação de protocolos que abrangem a jornada assistencial do paciente com doenças raras, contribuindo para uma compreensão mais precisa do custo anual da assistência ao paciente com PAF em âmbito nacional. Este estudo foi financiado pelo Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) e pelo Ministério da Saúde MS - CNPq/MS Nº 25/2019.
Resultados
Em média, um paciente com PAF gasta anualmente R$198.853,14 em sua jornada de tratamento, sendo que a grande parte desse valor é destinado aos medicamentos. Os custos são recursos humanos (R$253,20), materiais (R$489,54), medicamentos (R$197.240,40) e exames (R$870,00). O valor total anual é dedicado exclusivamente ao tratamento da doença. Em relação à origem dos recursos, cerca de 99% são provenientes dos próprios centros de tratamento onde o paciente é acompanhado, enquanto cerca de 1% é custeado pelo SUS em outros locais.
Discussão e conclusões
Este estudo ressalta a importância de investigar os custos e o acesso a intervenções terapêuticas no tratamento da PAF. Os medicamentos representam a maior parcela dos gastos anuais, exigindo uma compreensão mais aprofundada dos determinantes desses custos. Compreender os custos diretos em escala nacional é fundamental para uma alocação precisa de recursos e a sustentabilidade do sistema de saúde. A busca por alternativas terapêuticas mais eficazes pode reduzir os custos a longo prazo e melhorar os desfechos clínicos dos pacientes com PAF. Essas informações são cruciais para orientar decisões políticas, investimentos e avanços no cuidado de pacientes com PAF e outras doenças raras.
Jornada Assistencial de Valor do RARAS (JAV RARAS): Resultados preliminares da mensuração da Aderência ao Protocolo de Tratamento da Fenilcetonúria por meio do “time-driven activity based costing” – (TDABC).
Authors: Barbosa Myrianne , Lorea Cláudia , Azevedo Camila , Lopes Luana , Almeida Alef , Felix Temis , Ogata Gabriel , Nita Marcelo
Published: December 2024

Introdução
A aderência aos Protocolos Clínicos e Diretrizes Terapêuticas (PCDT) é vital para o tratamento eficaz de doenças raras como a Fenilcetonúria (PKU). No entanto, a discrepância entre a teoria e a prática é um desafio constante. Neste estudo, utilizamos o método TDABC, via plataforma TPValue, para avaliar a aderência ao protocolo de tratamento da PKU, visando gerenciar a adoção dos padrões de tratamento estabelecidos pelos PCDTs.
Métodos
Adotamos uma abordagem que combina o TDABC, uma técnica de custeio baseada em atividades, com o TPValue, uma plataforma de apoio à gestão. Mapeamos a jornada assistencial (conforme estabelecido pelo PCDT) e a de valor (JAV-RARAS) para a PKU, quantificando o tempo e recursos envolvidos em cada etapa do tratamento. Através da TPValue, estruturamos os dados coletados, simplificando a análise dos processos. Este estudo foi financiado pelo Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) e pelo Ministério da Saúde MS - CNPq/MS Nº 25/2019.
Resultados
Os resultados preliminares revelam discrepâncias entre o PCDT, e a realidade clínica, no SUS, via o TDABC e a TPValue. Os resultados indicam que as atividades que compõem diagnóstico, o tratamento e os recursos empregados frequentemente não coincidem com o proposto pelo protocolo vigente. Por exemplo, enquanto o TDABC indica que no tratamento há uma alocação de 98,9% para medicamentos e 1,1% para não medicamentos, o PCDT atribui uma alocação de 100% para medicamentos. Além disso, a alocação percentual de recursos ao longo das diferentes etapas da jornada do paciente também apresenta variações significativas. No PCDT, 95,8% dos recursos são alocados para o tratamento, 0,66% para o diagnóstico e 3,2% para o acompanhamento. No entanto, de acordo com o TDABC, a alocação é distribuída de forma diferente: 1,94% para o diagnóstico, 93,1% para o tratamento e 4,74% para o acompanhamento. Outro aspecto relevante é a origem dos recursos, enquanto o PCDT indica que 97,7% dos recursos são provenientes do próprio paciente, 1,08% do Centro e 1,14% do SUS, o TDABC evidencia uma distribuição distinta, com 95,9% dos recursos sendo atribuídos ao paciente, 3,05% ao Centro e 1,02% ao SUS.
Discussão e conclusões
A aplicação inovadora do TDABC via TPValue oferece uma perspectiva entre o definido no PCDT, e a prática diária real no tratamento da PKU. Essa abordagem pode reformular os PCDTs, permitindo uma abordagem mais precisa e eficiente no gerenciamento dos recursos e jornada das doenças raras. Ainda, usando esta abordagem de vida real é possível mensurar desfechos centrados nos pacientes e os custos reais dos PCDTs. Essa abordagem tem o potencial de melhorar o gerenciamento dos PCDTS, melhorar a eficácia dos cuidados, a gestão de recursos e a qualidade de vida dos pacientes.
Formação inovadora em Economia e Avaliação de Tecnologias em Saúde no Brasil: monitoramento do MBA do Hospital Alemão Oswaldo Cruz
Authors: Fernandes Probst Livia , Oliveira de Almeida Matheus , Montezuma Thais , Almeida de Andrade Renata , de A. Felisbino Caique Eduardo , Fonseca Spinel Ligia , Pinheiro Ferri Cleusa
Published: December 2024

Introdução
Integrado ao projeto Desenvolvimento da Avaliação de Tecnologias em Saúde (DATS) do Hospital Alemão Oswaldo Cruz (HAOC) no âmbito do PROADI-SUS desde o triênio 2012-2014, o curso de MBA em Economia e ATS apresenta uma proposta inovadora na capacitação de profissionais para interpretação e condução de estudos de ATS, com ênfase em atividades práticas relacionadas às etapas de revisões sistemáticas e avaliações econômicas.
Métodos
Foi desenvolvido um questionário de monitoramento para os ex-alunos do MBA em Economia e Avaliação de Tecnologias em Saúde pela equipe do projeto DATS. O questionário, também revisado pelo Núcleo de Monitoramento e Avaliação da Diretoria de Sustentabilidade e Responsabilidade Social do HAOC, abordou quatro eixos temáticos: 1) utilização e disseminação do conhecimento do curso; 2) engajamento profissional em contextos relacionados à ATS; 3) execução das atividades atuais ligadas à ATS; e 4) contribuição para avanços na carreira e envolvimento na docência. Como a avaliação se concentrou em informações administrativas em vez de envolver diretamente as pessoas, não precisou passar pela revisão de um comitê de ética em pesquisa com seres humanos.
Resultados
Dos 173 egressos do curso, 171 foram contatados para responder o questionário, dos quais 74 (43%) participaram. A maioria dos respondentes (68%) pertencia às últimas três turmas. Os resultados destacam que o curso atraiu profissionais de variadas formações (15 graduações diferentes) e níveis acadêmicos (mestrado, doutorado, especialização e pós-doutorado) de todas as regiões do país. Os ex-alunos demonstraram ampla aplicação dos conhecimentos adquiridos em suas práticas profissionais, influenciando na elaboração de estudos de síntese de evidências e avaliações econômicas. Além disso, esses conhecimentos impulsionaram redes de trabalho em ATS, crescimento profissional e oportunidades de disseminação de conteúdo. É importante observar que a pesquisa baseada em questionários pode apresentar viés de seleção, considerando que os egressos mais ativos na área podem ter maior interesse em participar.
Discussões e conclusões
O curso de MBA em Economia e Avaliação de Tecnologias em Saúde tem atingido satisfatoriamente os objetivos do projeto DATS, contribuindo significativamente para o fortalecimento da ATS no Brasil. A capacitação de profissionais aptos a liderar e disseminar conteúdo de alta qualidade em ATS demonstra seu impacto positivo na área da saúde.
Peculiarities of functional and planning organisation of university libraries
Authors: Voronkova Ivanna
Published: December 2024

A university library is a space in which complex organisational processes take place, various functional areas are intertwined and separate movement schedules coexist. If the library’s physical space does not provide appropriate conditions for individual and group work, quick and free access to information resources, or the possibility of using computers and copying equipment, such a library will be infrequently visited. All of this determines the specifics of the library’s internal space organisation. To ascertain this, one needs to rethink its planning structure from the standpoint of possible functional development. That is why the essay’s objective is to highlight the main functional and planning elements of a modern library, the presence or absence of which directly affects the quality of its functioning.
Quantitative assessment of hydrological efficiency of rain garden design in the context of managing the volume and quality of storm effluent
Authors: Kravchenko Мarina , Tkachenko Tetiana , Mileikovskyi Viktor , Trach Yuliia
Published: December 2024

Rain gardens are a popular element of green infrastructure, often integrated into the sponge city concept to address stormwater management issues. Such structures perform three main functions: reducing the volume of water runoff from the catchment area, reducing peak flows in the drainage system, which is critical for preventing overloading of the sewer network, and improving water quality, which contributes to the preservation of groundwater. The design of rain gardens is based on specific requirements and characteristics that determine their construction and calculation methods to achieve optimal parameters, such as area and depth. Scientometric analysis shows that significant research contributions are made by different countries, but most existing rain garden systems are based on general recommendations, which can lead to problems in their operation. The purpose of the work is to develop a model for calculating the main parameters of rain gardens and methods for assessing their hydrological efficiency in order to improve their implementation in the urban environment. A numerical model for calculating the effective area of a rain garden is presented, which considers one rain event and excludes overflow. Methods are proposed for evaluating three key functions of rain gardens in the context of stormwater management: a method for determining runoff reduction, a method for estimating annual runoff reduction, a method for peak runoff reduction, and a method for estimating total pollutant reduction.
A Comparative Case Study of Maxillary Temporary Dentures Fabricated Using Two Digital Impression Techniques
Authors: Kim Ji-Han , Yun Jeong-Woo , Kim Su-Min , Son Mee-Kyong , Heo Yu-Ri
Published: December 2024

The loss of multiple teeth can lead to various issues such as impaired oral function, speech difficulties, and aesthetic concerns, significantly reducing a patient's quality of life. Prosthetic treatment is necessary to address these issues, and the specific treatment plan is determined based on the individual patient's condition. Temporary dentures are used to restore oral function and aesthetics until the final prosthesis is completed, helping patients recover from the functional and esthetic changes caused by tooth loss.Advances in digital technology have enabled the use of CAD-CAM in dental treatments, reducing the number of visits and improving the accuracy of denture fabrication. For the fabrication of the temporary denture in this case, impressions were acquired using two methods: intraoral scanning and a conventional impression method followed by model scanning. The teeth were arranged and the denture was designed using CAD software, and then fabricated using a 3D printer. This case report details the process of creating a temporary denture for a completely edentulous patient using digital technology, and the patient achieved a satisfactory functional and aesthetic outcome.
Genetic Discovery and Risk Prediction for Type 1 Diabetes in Individuals Without High-Risk HLA-DR3/DR4 Haplotypes
Authors: McGrail Carolyn , Chiou Joshua , Elgamal Ruth , Luckett Amber M. , Oram Richard A. , Benaglio Paola , Gaulton Kyle J.
Published: December 2024

OBJECTIVE

More than 10% of patients with type 1 diabetes (T1D) do not have high-risk HLA-DR3 or -DR4 haplotypes with distinct clinical features, such as later onset and reduced insulin dependence. We aimed to identify genetic drivers of T1D in the absence of DR3/DR4 and improve prediction of T1D risk in these individuals.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

We performed T1D association and fine-mapping analyses in 12,316 non-DR3/DR4 samples. Next, we performed heterogeneity tests to examine differences in T1D risk variants in individuals without versus those with DR3/DR4 haplotypes. We further assessed genome-wide differences in gene regulatory element and biological pathway enrichments between the non-DR3/DR4 and DR3/DR4 cohorts. Finally, we developed a genetic risk score (GRS) to predict T1D in individuals without DR3/DR4 and compared with an existing T1D GRS.

RESULTS

A total of 18 T1D risk variants in non-DR3/DR4 samples were identified. Risk variants at the MHC and multiple other loci genome wide had heterogeneity in effects on T1D dependent on DR3/DR4 status, and non-DR3/DR4 T1D had evidence for a greater polygenic burden. T1D-associated variants in non-DR3/DR4 were more enriched for regulatory elements and pathways involved in antigen presentation, innate immunity, and β-cells and depleted in T cells compared with DR3/DR4. A non-DR3/DR4 GRS outperformed an existing risk score GRS2 in discriminating non-DR3/DR4 T1D from no diabetes (area under the curve 0.867; P = 7.48 × 10−32) and type 2 diabetes (0.907; P = 4.94 × 10−44).

CONCLUSIONS

In total, we identified heterogeneity in T1D genetic risk dependent on high-risk HLA-DR3/DR4 haplotype, which uncovers disease mechanisms and enables more accurate prediction of T1D across the HLA background.
Developing analytical thinking through the use of maps in geography
Authors:   “Nicolae Bălcescu” National College, Brăila, ROMANIA, CÎINEANU MARIANA-DOINA , DULAMĂ MARIA ELIZA ,   ”Babeş-Bolyai” University, Faculty of Psychology and Sciences of Education, ROMANIA, HÎRLAV COSTIN ,   ”O.C.Tăslăuanu” Secondary School, Bilbor, ROMANIA
Published: December 2024

The purpose of the study is to investigate the effects on students' analytical thinking of a learning activity based on the analysis of flowing waters, represented on a hypsometric map. 20 students from the 8th grade participated in the study. The experimental design included three stages: in the first stage in which the students were asked to analyze flowing waters based on a map; in the second stage the students analyzed, in groups, the flowing waters represented on a hypsometric map using a worksheet; in the third stage the students solved the task received in the first stage. The results show that the students, after the formative intervention, have a higher level of competence in analyzing flowing waters on the hypsometric map and that the worksheet determined the increase in the level of competence and contributed to the development of analytical thinking
Interdisciplinarity Team Teaching: Opportunities and Challenges
Authors:   West University of Timișoara, Faculty of Chemistry, Biologie, Geography, ROMANIA, IVAN Ramona , ZAMBORI Andreea-Erika ,   ″Henri Coandă″ Technical College, Timișoara, ROMANIA
Published: December 2024

The study presents the design and implementation of team teaching in high school geography classes and analyzes the students' opinions regarding this type of teaching approach. The didactic activity was carried out in the 9th grade, at the Earth's Atmosphere learning unit. The participants in this activity were high school students, a geography teacher and a physics teacher. The research findings highlight the advantages and challenges of team teaching and suggest ways to improve this approach.
Geographic Information System Design for Irrigation System Performance Index Main Network
Authors: Ernanda Heru , Andriyani Idah , Nadzirah Rufiani , Indarto Indarto
Published: December 2024

Irrigation plays an important factor in supporting agricultural land productivity to improve agricultural production. This is achieved by maintaining a sustainable irrigation system through an effective and efficient irrigation system. One method to asses is by using the Irrigation System Performance Index (IKSI). This study designs an information system for IKSI in the main network system. The assessment of IKSI follows PERMEN PU NO.32/2007, with parameters such as physical infrastructure assessment, crop productivity, supporting facilities, personnel organization, documentation, and P3A. The purpose of this system is to determine the operation and maintenance (O&M) strategies and non-physical management strategies. The Main Network SIG IKSI design includes functionalities such as (i) a data folder system, (ii) an imaging system, (iii) GIS, and (iv) an evaluator of physical and non physical irrigation systems. The results of the program in the Antirogo irrigation area show an IKSI the main network value for physical infrastructure of 85,0% and non physical strategies (crop productivity, supporting facilities, personnel organization, documentation, and P3A) of 70,0% until 80,0%. The results shows that the physical infrastructure needs to be carried out regularly and non-physical strategies need to be maintained and improved. Keywords: Association of Farmer Water Users, Geographic Information System, Irrigation System Performance Index, Irrigation, PAKSI.
Energy Analysis in the Production of Purple Sweet Potato Crackers
Authors: Putri Renny Eka , Gurning Melia Elius Putri , Ifmalinda Ifmalinda , Oktavionry P.A
Published: December 2024

The production process of purple sweet potato (PSP) crackers involves several stages, including peeling, washing, boiling, kneading, grinding, cutting, frying, and packaging. This study aims to analyze the energy flow and production costs associated with each stage of processing sweet potatoes into crackers at the Azizah Crackers Production House in Padang City. The types of energy considered in this study included human labor, fuel gas, electricity, and raw materials (PSP, cooking oil, and supporting materials). Results showed that the total input energy for the production of PSP crackers was 784,629.95 kJ with average output energy of PSP crackers 803,880.00 kJ. The energy output of PSP crackers was 1.02 times the energy input. The cutting and frying activity required the largest input energy of 46.18% (362,310.15 kJ), while packaging activity required the smallest energy of 0.38% (2,992.33 kJ). Based on the energy type, raw materials contribute the largest energy, amounted to 85.83% (674,822.86 kJ), and the smallest type of energy was electrical energy, which was 0.74% (5,839.72 kJ). Keywords: Energy consumption. Energy flow, Production costs, Production process, PSP Crackers.