bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Clonal heterogeneity in childhood myelodysplastic syndromes—Challenge for the detection of chromosomal imbalances by array‐CGH
Authors: Praulich Inka , Tauscher Marcel , Göhring Gudrun , Glaser Stefanie , Hofmann Winfried , Feurstein Simone , Flotho Christian , Lichter Peter , Niemeyer Charlotte M. , Schlegelberger Brigitte , Steinemann Doris
Published: June 2010

To evaluate whether copy number alterations (CNAs) are present that may contribute to disease development and/or progression of childhood myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS), 36 pediatric MDS patients were analyzed using array‐based comparative genome hybridization (aCGH). In addition to monosomy 7, the most frequent chromosome aberration in childhood MDS, novel recurrent CNAs were detected. They included a loss of 3p14.3–p12.3, which contains the putative tumor suppressor gene FHIT, a loss of 7p21.3–p15.3, a loss of 9q33.3–q34.3 (D184) and microdeletions in 17p11.2, 6q23 containing MYB, and 17p13 containing TP53. In this small patient cohort, patients without CNA, patients with monosomy 7 only and patients with one CNA in addition to monosomy 7 did not differ in their survival. As expected, all patients with complex karyotypes, including two patients with deletions of TP53, died. A challenge inherent to aCGH analysis of MDS is the low percentage of tumor cells. We evaluated several approaches to overcome this limitation. Genomic profiles from isolated granulocytes were of higher quality than those from bone marrow mononuclear cells. Decreased breakpoint calling stringency increased recognition of CNAs present in small clonal populations. However, further analysis using a custom‐designed array showed that these CNAs often did not confirm the findings from 244k arrays. In contrast, constitutional CNVs were reliably detected on both arrays. Moreover, aCGH on amplified DNA from distinct myeloid clusters is a new approach to determine CNAs in small subpopulations. Our results clearly emphasize the need to verify array‐CGH results by independent methods like FISH or quantitative PCR. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Tetraphenylphosphonium salts of N‐thiophosphorylated thiobenzamide, mono‐thioureas or bis‐thioureas
Authors: Safin Damir A. , Babashkina Maria G. , Bolte Michael , Klein Axel
Published: June 2010

Reaction of the sodium salts of RC(S) NHP(S)(O‐i‐Pr)2 (R = Ph, HLI; PhNH, HLII; 2‐MeC6H4NH, HLIII; 2,6‐Me2C6H3NH, HLIV; 2,4,6‐Me3C6H2NH, HLV) or Z[NHC(S)NHP(S)(O‐i‐Pr)2]2 (Z = o‐C6H4, H2LVI; 1,2‐CH2CH2, H2LVII) with PPh4Br in 96% aqueous EtOH leads to the compounds of formulae PPh4LI–V and (PPh4)2LVI,VII. Compounds obtained were investigated by 1H and 31P{1H} NMR spectroscopy, ES mass spectrometry, and microanalysis. Recrystallization of PPh4LI from an aqueous EtOH solution (1:1, v/v) leads to the formation of PhC(S)NHP(O)(O‐i‐Pr)2 (HQ). The crystal structure of HQ reveals to be a polymorph to the previously reported structure. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heteroatom Chem 21:343–350, 2010; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/hc.20607
Nonfilter and filter cigarette consumption and the incidence of lung cancer by histological type in Japan and the United States: Analysis of 30‐year data from population‐based cancer registries
Authors: Ito Hidemi , Matsuo Keitaro , Tanaka Hideo , Koestler Devin C. , Ombao Hernando , Fulton John , Shibata Akiko , Fujita Manabu , Sugiyama Hiromi , Soda Midori , Sobue Tomotaka , Mor Vincent
Published: June 2010

Shifts in the histologic type of lung cancer accompanying changes in lung cancer incidence have been observed in Japan and the United States. We examined the association between the shift in tobacco design from nonfilter to filter cigarettes with changes in the incidence of adenocarcinoma (AD) and squamous cell carcinoma (SQ) of the lung. We compiled population‐based incidence data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results in the United States (1973–2005) and from selected Japanese cancer registries (1975–2003). Trends in age‐standardized rates of lung cancer incidence by histologic type were characterized using joinpoint analyses. A multiple regression framework was used to examine the relationship between tobacco use and incidence by histologic type. We observed that AD has replaced SQ as the most frequent histologic type in males and females in both Japan and the United States. Filter cigarette consumption was positively associated with the incidence of AD, with time lags of 25 and 15 years in Japan and the United States, respectively (
$\hat \beta _2^{{\rm AD}}$: 1.946 × 10−3, p < 0.001 and 3.142 × 10−3, p < 0.001). In contrast, nonfilter cigarette consumption was positively associated with the incidence of SQ, with time lags of 30 and 20 years in Japan and the United States, respectively (
$\hat \beta _2^{{\rm SQ}}$: 0.464 × 10−3, p = 0.006 and 0.364 × 10−3, p = 0.008). In conclusion, the shift from nonfilter to filter cigarettes appears to have merely altered the most frequent type of lung cancer, from SQ to AD.
Inhibitory effect of MIL glycoprotein on expression of pro‐inflammatory mediators in carbon tetrachloride‐induced mice liver damage
Authors: Oh Phil‐Sun , Lee Jin , Lim Kye‐Taek
Published: June 2010

The aim of the present study was to evaluate immunomodulatory and hepatoprotective effects of glycoprotein isolated fromMorus indicaLinne (MIL glycoprotein) on carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)‐induced liver injury. In the present study, MIL glycoprotein (5 and 10 mg kg−1body weight) was administered to ICR mice for 7 days prior to CCl4treatment. We evaluated the activities of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and thiobarbituric acid‐reactive substances (TBARS), and expression of inflammation‐related mediators including cyclooxygenase (COX)‐2, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)‐α, and interleukin (IL)‐1βin CCl4‐treated mice. Our results revealed that MIL glycoprotein reduced the activities of ALT, LDH and TBARS in serum from CCl4‐treated mice. We also found that MIL glycoprotein reduced the activity of COX‐2 and expression of TNF‐αand IL‐1βin liver from CCl4‐treated mice. Moreover, administration of MIL glycoprotein suppressed on stress‐activated protein kinase/c‐jun N‐terminal kinase phosphorylation and activator protein‐1 transcriptional activation in livers from CCl4‐treated mice. The results from these experiments indicate that MIL glycoprotein effectively protects against liver injury, mainly through downregulation of oxidative stress and the inflammatory response. In conclusion, we suggest that the MIL glycoprotein might be one component of health supplements for prevention of liver diseases. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Raman microscopy and surface‐enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) for in situ analysis of biofilms
Authors: Ivleva Natalia P. , Wagner Michael , Horn Harald , Niessner Reinhard , Haisch Christoph
Published: June 2010

Biofilms are communities of micro‐organisms enclosed in a matrix of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS). They represent a ubiquitous form of microbial life on Earth. Detailed information on chemical composition and structure of the EPS matrix is relevant in medicine, industry and technological processes. Raman microscopy (RM) provides whole‐organism fingerprints for biological samples with spatial resolution in the μm range and enables correlations between optical and chemical images to be made. Low water background makes RM beneficial for in situ studies of biofilms, since water is the major component of the biofilm matrix. In this paper we discuss the feasibility of RM for chemical characterization of different structures in a multispecies biofilm matrix, including microbial constituents and EPS. We show that by improving the sensitivity of RM with surface‐enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) one can perform rapid biofilm analysis. In particular, by choosing appropriate SERS substrates and solving the problem of SERS measurement reproducibility one can carry out in situ study of different components in the complex biofilm matrix. (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
RUNX1 repression‐independent mechanisms of leukemogenesis by fusion genes CBFB–MYH11 and AML1–ETO (RUNX1–RUNX1T1)
Authors: Hyde R. Katherine , Liu P. Paul
Published: June 2010

The core binding factor (CBF) acute myeloid leukemias (AMLs) are a prognostically distinct subgroup that includes patients with the inv(16) and t(8:21) chromosomal rearrangements. Both of these rearrangements result in the formation of fusion proteins, CBFB–MYH11 and AML1–ETO, respectively, that involve members of the CBF family of transcription factors. It has been proposed that both of these fusion proteins function primarily by dominantly repressing normal CBF transcription. However, recent reports have indicted that additional, CBF‐repression independent activities may be equally important during leukemogenesis. This article will focus on these recent advances. J. Cell. Biochem. 110: 1039–1045, 2010. Published 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Ganglioside GD1a Suppression of NOS2 Expression Via ERK1 Pathway in Mouse Osteosarcoma FBJ Cells
Authors: Cao Ting , Zhang Tianyi , Wang Li , Zhang Lan , Adachi Tomoko , Sato Toshinori , Yamagata Sadako , Yamagata Tatsuya
Published: June 2010

Inducible nitric oxide synthase (NOS2) is over‐expressed in a number of tumors and implicated in tumor growth and metastasis. Murine FBJ osteosarcoma‐derived FBJ‐S1 cells are poorly metastatic and express the ganglioside GD1a, whereas highly metastatic FBJ‐LL cells only slightly express this ganglioside. The present study demonstrates that NOS2 is more highly expressed in FBJ‐LL cells compared to FBJ‐S1 cells. By manipulating GM2/GD2 synthase expression or adding exogenous GD1a, GD1a inversely regulated NOS2 at the transcriptional level. GT1b suppressed NOS2 to the same extent as GD1a. Silencing NOS2 inhibited proliferation, migration, and anchorage‐independent growth of FBJ‐LL cells, suggesting that the metastatic properties of FBJ‐LL cells are associated with NOS2. MEK1/2 inhibitor (U0126) increased NOS2 expression, whereas GD1a treatment decreased it. Co‐treating the cells with GD1a and U0126 blocked the inhibition of NOS2 expression, suggesting that the GD1a signal is mediated by ERK1/2. NOS2 expression increased when ERK1, but not ERK2, was silenced, and GD1a did not suppress NOS2 expression in cells treated with another MEK1/2 inhibitor PD98059, suggesting that ERK1 phosphorylation is indispensable for the GD1a signal suppressing NOS2. J. Cell. Biochem. 110: 1165–1174, 2010. Published 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The role of apoptosis in mineralizing murine versus avian micromass culture systems
Authors: Roy Rani , Kudryashov Valery , Binderman Itzhak , Boskey Adele L.
Published: June 2010

Chondrocyte apoptosis is thought to be an important step in the calcification of cartilage in vivo; however, there are conflicting reports as to whether or not this apoptosis is a necessary precursor to mineralization. The goal of this study was to determine whether or not apoptosis is necessary for mineralization in an in vitro murine micromass model of endochondral ossification. C3H10T1/2 murine mesenchymal stem cells were plated in micromass culture in the presence of 4 mM inorganic phosphate with the addition of the apoptogens, camptothecin, or staurosporine, to induce apoptosis. The rate and total accumulation of mineralization was measured with 45Ca uptake. In these studies, both apoptogens increased the rate of mineralization, with staurosporine increasing 45Ca accumulation by about 2.5 times that of controls and camptothecin increasing total amounts of mineralization about 1.5 times that of controls. Inhibiting cell apoptosis with the caspase inhibitor, ZVAD‐fmk, to prevent apoptosis, caused slower rates of 45Ca uptake; however, total amounts of 45Ca accumulation reached the same values by day 30 of culture. FTIR data showed mineralization in all samples treated with 4 mM inorganic phosphate, with the highest mineral to matrix ratios in the camptothecin treated samples. J. Cell. Biochem. 111: 653–658, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Early response to ErbB2 over‐expression in polarized Caco‐2 cells involves partial segregation from ErbB3 by relocalization to the apical surface and initiation of survival signaling
Authors: Pfister Amber B. , Wood Robert C. , Salas Pedro J.I. , Zea Delma L. , Ramsauer Victoria P.
Published: June 2010

In several human cancers, ErbB2 over‐expression facilitates the formation of constitutively active homodimers resistant to internalization which results in progressive signal amplification from the receptor, conducive to cell survival, proliferation, or metastasis. Here we report on studies of the influence of ErbB2 over‐expression on localization and signaling in polarized Caco‐2 and MDCK cells, two established models to study molecular trafficking. In these cells, ErbB2 is not over‐expressed and shares basolateral localization with ErbB3. Over‐expression of ErbB2 by transient transfection resulted in partial separation of the receptors by relocalization of ErbB2, but not ErbB3, to the apical surface, as shown by biotinylation of the apical or basolateral surfaces. These results were confirmed by immunofluorescence and confocal microscopy. Polarity controls indicated that the relocalization of ErbB2 is not the result of depolarization of the cells. Biotinylation and confocal microscopy also showed that apical, but not basolateral ErbB2 is activated at tyrosine 1139. This phosphotyrosine binds adaptor protein Grb2, as confirmed by immunoprecipitation. However, we found that it does not initiate the canonical Grb2‐Ras‐Raf‐Erk pathway. Instead, our data supports the activation of a survival pathway via Bcl‐2. The effects of ErbB2 over‐expression were abrogated by the humanized anti‐ErbB2 monoclonal antibody Herceptin added only from the apical side. The ability of apical ErbB2 to initiate an altered downstream cascade suggests that subcellular localization of the receptor plays an important role in regulating ErbB2 signaling in polarized epithelia. J. Cell. Biochem. 111: 643–652, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Effect of leukotriene D4 on mouse embryonic stem cell migration and proliferation: Involvement of PI3K/Akt as well as GSK‐3β/β‐catenin signaling pathways
Authors: Kim Min Hee , Lee Yu Jin , Kim Mi Ok , Kim Jin Sang , Han Ho Jae
Published: June 2010

The actual leukotriene D4 (LTD4) signaling pathways that regulate cell proliferation have not been elucidated thoroughly although fatty acid and its metabolites play a key role in regulations of embryonic functions. Thus, this study investigated the response of mouse embryonic stem (ES) cells exposed to LTD4 and elucidated the signaling pathways as well. LTD4 increased DNA synthesis in concentration‐dependent (≥10−7 M) and time‐dependent (≥12 h) manners, as determined by [3H] thymidine incorporation and increased cell number. LTD4 induced the phosphorylation of signal transducer and activator of transcription‐3 (STAT3) and the increase of intracellular Ca2+ levels via cysteinyl leukotriene (CysLT) 1 and 2 receptors. LTD4 increased Akt activation and calcineurin expression, which were blocked by STAT3 inhibitor and calcium chelators. LTD4‐induced glycogen synthase kinase (GSK)‐3β phosphorylation was decreased by LY294002, Akt inhibitor, and cyclosporine A. LTD4 inhibited the phosphorylation of β‐catenin. In addition, LTD4‐stimulated migration through increased activation of focal adhesion kinase (FAK) and paxillin which were blocked by Akt inhibitor and cyclosporine A. LTD4‐induced increases in protooncogene and cell cycle regulatory proteins were blocked by cyclosporine A, FAK siRNA, and β‐catenin siRNA. In conclusion, LTD4‐stimulated mouse ES cell proliferation and migration via STAT3, phosphoinositide 3‐kinases (PI3K)/Akt, Ca2+‐calcineurin, and GSK‐3β/β‐catenin pathway. J. Cell. Biochem. 111: 686–698, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Protegrin‐1 orientation and physicochemical properties in membrane bilayers studied by potential of mean force calculations
Authors: Rui Huan , Im Wonpil
Published: June 2010

Protegrin‐1 (PG‐1) belongs to the family of antimicrobial peptides. It interacts specifically with the membrane of a pathogen and kills the pathogen by releasing its cellular contents. To fully understand the energetics governing the orientation of PG‐1 in different membrane environments and its effects on the physicochemical properties of the peptide and membrane bilayers, we have performed the potential of mean force (PMF) calculations as a function of its tilt angle at four distinct rotation angles in explicit membranes composed of either DLPC (1,2‐dilauroylphosphatidylcholine) or POPC (1‐palmitoyl‐2‐oleoylphosphatidylcholine) lipid molecules. The resulting PMFs in explicit lipid bilayers were then used to search for the optimal hydrophobic thickness of the EEF1/IMM1 implicit membrane model in which a two‐dimensional PMF in the tilt and rotation space was calculated. The PMFs in explicit membrane systems clearly reveal that the energetically favorable tilt angle is affected by both the membrane hydrophobic thickness and the PG‐1 rotation angle. Local thinning of the membrane around PG‐1 is observed upon PG‐1 tilting. The thinning is caused by both hydrophobic mismatch and arginine‐lipid head group interactions. The two‐dimensional PMF in the implicit membrane is in good accordance with those from the explicit membrane simulations. The ensemble‐averaged Val16 15N and 13CO chemical shifts weighted by the two‐dimensional PMF agree fairly well with the experimental values, suggesting the importance of peptide dynamics in calculating such ensemble properties for direct comparison with experimental observables. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comput Chem, 2010
Leptin potentiates antiproliferative action of cAMP elevation via protein kinase A down‐regulation in breast cancer cells
Authors: Naviglio Silvio , Di Gesto Davide , Illiano Fausto , Chiosi Emilio , Giordano Antonio , Illiano Gennaro , Spina Annamaria
Published: June 2010

Previously, we have shown that leptin potentiates the antiproliferative action of cAMP elevating agents in breast cancer cells and that the protein kinase A (PKA) inhibitor KT‐5720 prevented the antiproliferative effects induced by the leptin plus cAMP elevation. The present experiments were designed to gain a better understanding about the PKA role in the antitumor interaction between leptin and cAMP elevating agents and on the underlying signaling pathways. Here we show that exposure of MDA‐MB‐231 breast cancer cells to leptin resulted in a strong phosphorylation of both ERK1/2 and STAT3. Interestingly, intracellular cAMP elevation upon forskolin pretreatment completely abrogated both ERK1/2 and STAT3 phosphorylation in response to leptin and was accompanied by a consistent CREB phosphorylation. Notably, leptin plus forskolin cotreatments resulted in a strong decrease of both PKA regulatory RIα and catalytic subunits protein levels. Importantly, pretreatment with the PKA inhibitor KT‐5720 blocked the forskolin‐induced CREB phosphorylation and prevented both the inhibition by forskolin of leptin‐induced ERK1/2 and STAT3 phosphorylation and the PKA subunits down‐regulation induced by the combination of leptin and forskolin. Altogether, our results indicate that leptin‐dependent signaling pathways are influenced by cAMP elevation and identify PKA as relevantly involved in the pharmacological antitumor interaction between leptin and cAMP elevating drugs in MDA‐MB‐231 cells. We propose a molecular model by which PKA confers its effects. Potential therapeutic applications by our data will be discussed. J. Cell. Physiol. 225: 801–809, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Regulation of lipopolysaccharide‐induced inflammatory response and endotoxemia by β‐arrestins
Authors: Porter Katie J. , Gonipeta Babu , Parvataneni Sitaram , Appledorn Daniel M. , Patial Sonika , Sharma Deepika , Gangur Venugopal , Amalfitano Andrea , Parameswaran Narayanan
Published: June 2010

β‐Arrestins are scaffolding proteins implicated as negative regulators of TLR4 signaling in macrophages and fibroblasts. Unexpectedly, we found that β‐arrestin‐1 (β‐arr‐1) and ‐2 knockout (KO) mice are protected from TLR4‐mediated endotoxic shock and lethality. To identify the potential mechanisms involved, we examined the plasma levels of inflammatory cytokines/chemokines in the wild‐type (WT) and β‐arr‐1 and ‐2 KO mice after lipopolysaccharide (LPS, a TLR4 ligand) injection. Consistent with lethality, LPS‐induced inflammatory cytokine levels in the plasma were markedly decreased in both β‐arr‐1 and ‐2 KO, compared to WT mice. To further explore the cellular mechanisms, we obtained splenocytes (separated into CD11b+ and CD11b− populations) from WT, β‐arr‐1, and ‐2 KO mice and examined the effect of LPS on cytokine production. Similar to the in vivo observations, LPS‐induced inflammatory cytokines were significantly blocked in both splenocyte populations from the β‐arr‐2 KO compared to the WT mice. This effect in the β‐arr‐1 KO mice, however, was restricted to the CD11b− splenocytes. Our studies further indicate that regulation of cytokine production by β‐arrestins is likely independent of MAPK and IκBα‐NFκB pathways. Our results, however, suggest that LPS‐induced chromatin modification is dependent on β‐arrestin levels and may be the underlying mechanistic basis for regulation of cytokine levels by β‐arrestins in vivo. Taken together, these results indicate that β‐arr‐1 and ‐2 mediate LPS‐induced cytokine secretion in a cell‐type specific manner and that both β‐arrestins have overlapping but non‐redundant roles in regulating inflammatory cytokine production and endotoxic shock in mice. J. Cell. Physiol. 225: 406–416, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A review of evidence on mobile use by micro and small enterprises in developing countries
Authors: Donner Jonathan , Escobari Marcela X.
Published: June 2010

The paper offers a systematic review of 14 studies of the use of mobile telephony by micro and small enterprises (MSEs) in the developing world, detailing findings about changes to enterprises' internal processes and external relationships, and findings about mobile use vs. traditional landline use. Results suggest that there is currently more evidence for the benefits of mobile use accruing mostly (but not exclusively) to existing MSEs rather than new MSEs, in ways that amplify existing material and informational flows rather than transform them. The review presents a more complete picture of mobile use by MSEs than was previously available, and identifies priorities for future research, including comparisons of the impact of mobile use across subsectors of MSEs and extensions beyond studies of existing enterprises. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The interaction of Jagged‐1 cytoplasmic tail with afadin PDZ domain is local, folding‐independent, and tuned by phosphorylation
Authors: Popovic Matija , Bella Juraj , Zlatev Ventsislav , Hodnik Vesna , Anderluh Gregor , Barlow Paul N. , Pintar Alessandro , Pongor Sándor
Published: June 2010

Jagged‐1, one of the five Notch ligands in man, is a membrane‐spanning protein made of a large extracellular region and a 125‐residue cytoplasmic tail bearing a C‐terminal PDZ recognition motif (1213RMEYIV1218). Binding of Jagged‐1 intracellular region to the PDZ domain of afadin, a protein located at cell–cell adherens junctions, couples Notch signaling with the adhesion system and the cytoskeleton. Using NMR chemical shift perturbation and surface plasmon resonance, we studied the interaction between the PDZ domain of afadin (AF6_PDZ) and a series of polypeptides comprising the PDZ‐binding motif. Chemical shift mapping of AF6_PDZ upon binding of ligands of different length (6, 24, and 133 residues) showed that the interaction is strictly local and involves only the binding groove in the PDZ. The recombinant protein corresponding to the entire intracellular region of Jagged‐1, J1_ic, is mainly disordered in solution, and chemical shift mapping of J1_ic in the presence of AF6_PDZ showed that binding is not coupled to folding. Binding studies on a series of 24‐residue peptides phosphorylated at different positions showed that phosphorylation of the tyrosine at position ‐2 of the PDZ‐binding motif decreases its affinity for AF6_PDZ, and may play a role in the modulation of this interaction. Finally, we show that the R1213Q mutation located in the PDZ‐binding motif and associated with extrahepatic biliary atresia increases the affinity for AF6_PDZ, suggesting that this syndrome may arise from an imbalance in the coupling of Notch signaling to the cytoskeleton. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Antecedents of work–family conflict: A meta‐analytic review
Authors: Michel Jesse S. , Kotrba Lindsey M. , Mitchelson Jacqueline K. , Clark Malissa A. , Baltes Boris B.
Published: June 2010

This study provides and meta‐analytically examines an organizing framework and theoretical model of work–family conflict. Results, based on 1080 correlations from 178 samples, indicate that work role stressors (job stressors, role conflict, role ambiguity, role overload, time demands), work role involvement (job involvement, work interest/centrality), work social support (organizational support, supervisor support, coworker support), work characteristics (task variety, job autonomy, family friendly organization), and personality (internal locus of control, negative affect/neuroticism) are antecedents of work‐to‐family conflict (WFC); while family role stressors (family stressors, role conflict, role ambiguity, role overload, time demands, parental demands, number of children/dependents), family social support (family support, spousal support), family characteristics (family climate), and personality (internal locus of control, negative affect/neuroticism) are antecedents of family‐to‐work conflict (FWC). In addition to hypothesized results, a revised model based on study findings indicates that work role stressors (job stressors, role conflict, role ambiguity, role overload) and work social support (organizational support, supervisor support, coworker support) are predictors of FWC; while family role stressors (family stressors, role conflict, role ambiguity, role overload), family involvement (family interest/centrality), family social support (family support, spousal support), and family characteristics (family climate) are predictors of WFC. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Biochemical T2* MR quantification of ankle arthrosis in pes cavovarus
Authors: Krause Fabian G. , Klammer Georg , Benneker Lorin M. , Werlen Stefan , Mamisch Tallal C. , Weber Martin
Published: June 2010

Pes cavovarus affects the ankle biomechanics and may lead to ankle arthrosis. Quantitative T2 STAR (T2*) magnetic resonance (MR) mapping allows high resolution of thin cartilage layers and quantitative grading of cartilage degeneration. Detection of ankle arthrosis using T2* mapping in cavovarus feet was evaluated. Eleven cavovarus patients with symptomatic ankle arthrosis (13 feet, mean age 55.6 years, group 1), 10 cavovarus patients with no or asymptomatic, mild ankle arthrosis (12 feet, mean age 41.8 years, group 2), and 11 controls without foot deformity (18 feet, mean age 29.8 years, group 3) had quantitative T2* MR mapping. Additional assessment included plain radiographs and the American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) score (groups 1 and 2 only). Mean global T2* relaxation time was significantly different between groups 1 and 2 (p = 0.001) and groups 1 and 3 (p = 0.017), but there was no significance for decreased global T2* values in group 2 compared to group 3 (p = 0.345). Compared to the medial compartment T2* values of the lateral compartment were significantly (p = 0.025) higher within group 1. T2* values in the medial ankle joint compartment of group 2 were significantly lower than those of group 1 (p = 0.019). Ankle arthrosis on plain radiographs and the AOFAS score correlated significantly with T2* values in the medial compartment of group 1 (p = 0.04 and 0.039, respectively). Biochemical, quantitative T2* MR mapping is likely effective to evaluate ankle arthrosis in cavovarus feet but further studies are required. © 2010 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 28:1562–1568, 2010
Modeling of chromatographic lipophilicity of food synthetic dyes estimated on different columns
Authors: Sârbu Costel , Casoni Dorina , Kot‐Wasik Agata , Wasik Andrzej , Namieśnik Jacek
Published: June 2010

The retention behavior of some food synthetic dyes has been studied by RP‐HPLC on chemically bonded C18, C8, C16 and CN stationary phases. Using methanol‐ammonium acetate (0.08 mol/L, pH=6.76) as mobile phase, a linear behavior of retention parameters throughout the methanol fraction variance was obtained in all cases (r>0.99). The patterns of chromatographic behavior of the compounds illustrate high similarities between the C18, C8 and C16 columns, respectively. Highly significant correlations were obtained between experimental lipophilicity indices log kw and φ0 estimated on C18 and C8 stationary phases and some computed log P‐values. An extensive investigation made for quantitative structure–property (lipophilicity) relationships of studied dyes, using descriptors from Dragon software, multiple linear regression and genetic algorithm, revealed that the molecular descriptors appearing in the best models combine 2‐D and 3‐D aspects of the molecular structure. The most significant descriptors can be classified as radial distribution function, GETAWAY (autocorrelation), 3D‐MoRSE signal, Burden eigenvalues and edge adjacency descriptors.
Liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry method for simultaneous determination of cyclosporine A and its three metabolites AM1, AM9 and AM4N in whole blood and isolated lymphocytes in renal transplant patients
Authors: Brozmanová Hana , Peřinová Ilona , Halvová Petra , Grundmann Milan
Published: June 2010

A LC‐MS/MS method was developed and validated for the determination of cyclosporine A (CsA) and its three phase 1 metabolites AM1, AM9, and AM4N in whole blood and lymphocytes isolated on the Histopaque gradient. 200 μL of whole blood was precipitated with 10 mol/L zinc sulfate in acetonitrile/methanol (40:60, v/v) and lymphocytes isolated from 1.5 mL blood were extracted with acetonitrile/methanol (40:60, v/v). The analytes and internal standard cyclosporine D were separated on RP column BEH C18, 2.1×50 mm, 1.7 μm using gradient LC‐MS/MS analysis in positive electrospray mode. Time of analysis was 5 min. Linearity in blood was 5–2000 μg/L for CsA, AM1, and AM9; 2–500 μg/L for AM4N; and 2–500 μg/L for all substances in lymphocytes. Coefficient of variations was 1.8–9.8% and recovery was 92.0–110.0%. The method was used in early and chronic renal transplant patients for therapeutic drug monitoring of CsA to compare either its share in lymphocytes as target organ or binding to one lymphocyte. The same parameters were calculated for all metabolites tested.
A simple validated GIS expert system to map relative soil vulnerability and patterns of erosion during the muddy floods of 2000–2001 on the South Downs, Sussex, UK
Authors: Faulkner H. , Boardman J. , Ruiz J.‐L.
Published: June 2010

The soils of the South Downs in East Sussex, England (UK), are dominated by loessic silt (>70 per cent) and are prone to crusting. Continuing erosion of these soils means that they are thin, typically less than 25 cm thick and are becoming stonier, more droughty and less easier to work. Rates of erosion are relatively low but during extreme events, soils are vulnerable and on‐ and off‐site erosion is a current and long‐term risk. Property damage due to muddy flooding is of particular concern. Due to a long history of research interest, a rich database exists on the erosional history of an area of approximately 75 km2of these thin, calcareous South Downs soils. In particular, during the winter of 2000–2001, Hortonian overland flow was common on certain crop types. Consequent sheet, rill and gully erosion was intense.

The gullies and rills formed by runoff during these winter events were mapped in detail. In this paper, a method to estimate soil vulnerability to erosion is described and illustrated. Then, to validate the predictive efficacy of the algorithm used, the actual mapped distribution of rills and gullies following the winter events of 2001 on a particularly badly‐affected site are compared with predictions from our soil erosion vulnerability model. Methods for adjusting the land‐cover weightings to optimise the map fit are outlined.

In a further survey of the utility of the map, it was discovered that farmers' recollections of events provided additional verification. Thus, one implication of our research is that erosion models can be validated by inviting farmers to comment on their efficacy to predict known histories. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Comparative corrosion studies of conventional nickel‐based brazing alloys and newly developed iron‐based brazing alloys
Authors: Wielage B. , Hoyer I. , Hausner S.
Published: June 2010

Im vorliegenden Artikel werden neu entwickelte Lote auf Eisenbasis vorgestellt, die mit Liquidustemperaturen unterhalb von 1100°C als interessante und kostengünstige Alternative zu kommerziellen Nickelbasisloten angesehen werden können. Vergleichende Korrosionsuntersuchungen (Stromdichte‐Potenzial‐Untersuchungen) zeigen, dass die Eisenbasislote den Nickelbasisloten mindestens analoge, meist bessere Korrosionsbeständigkeiten aufweisen. Weiterhin werden Ergebnisse aus dem dynamischen Korrosionsprüfstand nach DIN EN 15664‐1 und damit erstmals Werte für die Nickelionenabgabe von Nickelbasisloten in Trinkwasser vorgestellt. Es zeigt sich, dass diese innerhalb der in der Trinkwasserverordnung vorgeschriebenen Grenzwerte liegen.

This paper presents newly developed iron‐based brazing alloys, which are an interesting and a cost efficient alternative for commercial nickel‐based brazing alloys. Comparative corrosion studies (potentiodynamic corrosion test) show, that the iron‐based brazing alloys exhibit at least similar, but mostly better corrosion behaviour than the nickel‐based brazing alloys. Furthermore, the paper presents results from a dynamic corrosion test in conformity with DIN EN 15664‐1. The determined values show for the first time, that the release of nickel‐ions from nickel‐based brazing alloys is within the prescriptive limits of the drinking water regulation.
Load monitoring in fibre composites utilising the microstructural transformation of sensor wires
Authors: Wielage B. , Mäder Th. , Nestler D. , Schurig Th. , Michaelis B. , Sievers S.
Published: June 2010

Das hier vorgestellte Vorhaben hat die Entwicklung eines neuartigen Sensor‐ und Messtechnikkonzepts zur Erfassung der Maximalwerte mechanischer Belastungen von Bauteilen bestehend aus Kohlenstofffaserverbundwerkstoffen mit polymerer Matrix (CFK) zum Ziel. Die Anwendbarkeit der spontanen Magnetisierung durch die martensitische Gefügeumwandlung metastabiler Stähle als möglicher Sensoreffekt wurde untersucht. Als ein einfaches passives Sensorverfahren hat die Ausbildung einer spontanen Magnetisierung durch die Gefügeumwandlung ein denkbares Anwendungspotenzial. Um die Eignung des Effekts zu überprüfen, erfolgten verschiedene Untersuchungen. Die Ergebnisse von Zugversuchen, durchgeführt an eingebetteten und nicht eingebetteten Sensorproben, und die Messwerte magnetischer Messungen der Sensormagnetisierung wurden zur Ermittlung einer Abhängigkeit zwischen dem Grad der Belastung und der Änderung der Magnetisierung infolge der martensitischen Transformation korreliert. Mittels materialografischer Untersuchungen sowie durch Röntgenbeugung erfolgte zudem der Vergleich zwischen dem Martensitgehalt und den Messergebnissen zur spontanen Magnetisierung.

The development of a novel sensor and measurement technique for mechanical load monitoring in fibre reinforced polymer matrix composites is the goal of the herein presented project. The spontaneous magnetisation due to the deformation induced martensitic transformation of metastable steel is used as a sensor signal. Investigations were carried out to characterise this effect, its strength in dependence of the mechanical loads and all important, associated side effects. Results of tensile tests of embedded and plain sensors and data of magnetic measurements of the magnetisation were used to determine the direct relation between the applied mechanical loads and the spontaneous magnetisation. Materialographic techniques, magnetic force microscopy as well as diffraction experiments were done to investigate the amount of martensite developed in deformation.
The influence of substrate material on structure and properties of anodic oxide coatings from oxalic acid
Authors: Wielage B. , Lampke T. , Alisch G. , Meyer D. , Dietrich D.
Published: June 2010

Die Anodisation ist eines der wichtigsten und am häufigsten eingesetzten Verfahren, um den Verschleiß‐ und Korrosionswiderstand aluminiumbasierter Bauteile zu steigern sowie diese dekorativ zu gestalten. In diesem Artikel werden Unterschiede zwischen anodischen Oxidschichten, basierend auf unterschiedlichen Grundwerkstoffen, hinsichtlich Morphologie und ausgewählter Schichteigenschaften untersucht. Besonderheiten von Ausscheidungen im Grundmaterial und deren Einfluss auf den Schichtaufbau werden herausgestellt. Die Ausbildung und Modifizierung der typischen Porenstruktur wird in Abhängigkeit verschiedener Anodisierparameter charakterisiert und die Auswirkung auf Durchschlagspannung und Härte diskutiert. Signifikante Unterschiede zwischen Werkstoffaufbau und Eigenschaften werden festgestellt und betonen den Einfluss des Grundmaterials bei der Anodisation.

Anodising is one of the most important and most often used methods for increasing the wear and corrosion resistance of aluminium‐based components as well as for their decorative modification. In this article, oxide coatings produced on different substrate materials are examined regarding their morphology and selected coating properties. The characteristics of precipitations in the substrate material and their influence on the structure of the oxide coatings are exposed. The formation and modification of the typical pore structure is discussed in dependence on anodising parameters and the effects on breakdown voltage and hardness are shown. The differences in the materials structure and properties are determined and underline the role of the substrate composition during anodising.
Metformin suppresses azoxymethane‐induced colorectal aberrant crypt foci by activating AMP‐activated protein kinase
Authors: Hosono Kunihiro , Endo Hiroki , Takahashi Hirokazu , Sugiyama Michiko , Uchiyama Takashi , Suzuki Kaori , Nozaki Yuichi , Yoneda Kyoko , Fujita Koji , Yoneda Masato , Inamori Masahiko , Tomatsu Akiko , Chihara Takeshi , Shimpo Kan , Nakagama Hitoshi , Nakajima Atsushi
Published: June 2010

Metformin is widely used for the treatment of diabetes mellitus. Adenosine monophosphate‐activated protein kinase (AMPK) is known to be activated by metformin and to inhibit the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway. The mTOR pathway plays an important role in the protein translational machinery and cell proliferation. We examined the effect of metformin on the suppression of colorectal carcinogenesis in chemical carcinogen‐induced models. Seven‐wk‐old BALB/c mice were intraperitoneally (i.p.) injected with azoxymethane (AOM, 10 mg/kg) and then treated with or without metformin (250 mg/kg/d) for 6 wk (for the investigation of aberrant crypt foci [ACF] formation) or 32 wk (for polyp formation). We next investigated colonic epithelial proliferation using bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) and the proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) labeling indices. Furthermore, to examine the indirect effect of metformin, the insulin resistance status and the serum lipid levels were assessed. Treatment with metformin significantly reduced ACF formation. The effect of metformin on colon polyp inhibition was relatively modest. No significant difference in body weight or glucose concentration was observed. The BrdU and PCNA indices decreased in mice treated with metformin. A Western blot analysis revealed that the phosphorylated mTOR, S6 kinase, and S6 protein levels in the colonic mucosa decreased significantly in mice treated with metformin. In conclusion, metformin suppresses colonic epithelial proliferation via the inhibition of the mTOR pathway through the activation of AMPK. As metformin is already used daily as an antidiabetic drug, it might be a safe and promising candidate for the chemoprevention of colorectal cancer. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Decreased ventral striatal activity with impulse control disorders in Parkinson's disease
Authors: Rao Hengyi , Mamikonyan Eugenia , Detre John A. , Siderowf Andrew D. , Stern Matthew B. , Potenza Marc N. , Weintraub Daniel
Published: June 2010

A range of impulse control disorders (ICDs) are reported to occur in Parkinson's disease (PD). However, alterations in brain activity at rest and during risk taking occurring with ICDs in PD are not well understood. We used both arterial spin labeling perfusion functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to directly quantify resting cerebral blood flow (CBF) and blood oxygenation level dependent (BOLD) fMRI to measure neural responses to risk taking during performance on the Balloon Analogue Risk Task (BART). Eighteen PD patients, either with a diagnosis of one or more ICDs (N = 9) or no lifetime ICD history (N = 9), participated. BOLD fMRI data demonstrated that PD patients without an ICD activate the mesocorticolimbic pathway during risk taking. Compared with non‐ICD patients, ICD patients demonstrated significantly diminished BOLD activity in the right ventral striatum during risk taking and significantly reduced resting CBF in the right ventral striatum. ICDs in PD are associated with reduced right ventral striatal activity at rest and diminished striatal activation during risk taking, suggesting that a common neural mechanism may underlie ICDs in individuals with PD and those without PD. Thus, treatments for ICDs in non‐PD patients warrant consideration in PD patients with ICDs. © 2010 Movement Disorder Society
Long‐term disability and prognosis in dentatorubral‐pallidoluysian atrophy: A correlation with CAG repeat length
Authors: Hasegawa Arika , Ikeuchi Takeshi , Koike Ryoko , Matsubara Nae , Tsuchiya Miyuki , Nozaki Hiroaki , Homma Atsushi , Idezuka Jiro , Nishizawa Masatoyo , Onodera Osamu
Published: June 2010

Dentatorubral‐pallidoluysian atrophy (DRPLA) is a rare autosomal dominant neurodegenerative disorder caused by CAG repeat expansion. Previous studies demonstrated that the onset of DRPLA is closely associated with CAG repeat length. However, the natural history of DRPLA has not yet been evaluated. We here retrospectively investigated the factors that determine the disease milestones and prognosis in 183 Japanese patients genetically diagnosed with DRPLA. We determined the age at onset, age at which each of the subsequent clinical manifestations appeared, age at becoming wheelchair‐bound, and age at death. Kaplan‐Meier analysis revealed that the patients with CAG repeats larger than the median length of 65 repeats developed each of the clinical features of DRPLA at a younger age than those with <65 repeats. The patients became wheelchair‐bound at a median age of 33 years (n = 61; range, 3–77 years) and died at a median age of 49 years (n = 23; range, 18–80 years). The ages at becoming wheelchair‐bound and at death strongly correlated with the expanded CAG repeat length. Moreover, the patients with ≥65 CAG repeats showed a more severe long‐term disability and a poorer prognosis. In contrast, the rate of progression after the onset did not correlate with CAG repeat length. The CAG repeat length may have a considerable effect on not only the disease onset but also the disease milestones and prognosis in DRPLA patients. These effects of CAG repeat length may be relevant in designing future clinical therapeutic trials. © 2010 Movement Disorder Society
Brain Interstitial Nociceptin/Orphanin FQ Levels are Elevated in Parkinson's Disease
Authors: Marti Matteo , Sarubbo Silvio , Latini Francesco , Cavallo Michele , Eleopra Roberto , Biguzzi Sara , Lettieri Christian , Conti Carlo , Simonato Michele , Zucchini Silvia , Quatrale Rocco , Sensi Mariachiara , Candeletti Sanzio , Romualdi Patrizia , Morari Michele
Published: June 2010

Expression and release of nociceptin/orphanin FQ (N/OFQ) are elevated in the substantia nigra reticulata of 6‐hydroxydopamine‐hemilesioned rats, suggesting a pathogenic role for N/OFQ in Parkinson's disease. In this study, we investigated whether elevation of N/OFQ expression in 6‐hydroxydopamine‐hemilesioned rats selectively occurs in substantia nigra and whether hypomotility following acute haloperidol administration is accompanied by a rise in nigral N/OFQ levels. Moreover, to prove a link between N/OFQ and idiopathic Parkinson's disease in humans, we measured N/OFQ levels in the cerebrospinal fluid of parkinsonian patients undergoing surgery for deep brain stimulation. In situ hybridization demonstrated that dopamine depletion was associated with increase of N/OFQ expression in substantia nigra (compacta +160%, reticulata +105%) and subthalamic nucleus (+45%), as well as reduction in caudate putamen (−20%). No change was observed in globus pallidus, nucleus accumbens, thalamus, and motor cortex. Microdialysis coupled to the bar test allowed to demonstrate that acute administration of haloperidol (0.8 and 3 mg/kg) increased nigral N/OFQ levels (maximally of +47% and +53%, respectively) in parallel with akinesia. A correlation with preclinical studies was found by analyzing N/OFQ levels in humans. Indeed, N/OFQ levels were found to be ∼3.5‐fold elevated in the cerebrospinal fluid of parkinsonian patients (148 fmol/ml) compared with nonparkinsonian neurologic controls (41 fmol/ml). These data represent the first clinical evidence linking N/OFQ to idiopathic Parkinson's disease in humans. They strengthen the pathogenic role of N/OFQ in the modulation of parkinsonism across species and provide a rationale for developing N/OFQ receptor antagonists as antiparkinsonian drugs. © 2010 Movement Disorder Society
Temperature‐ and pressure‐dependent study of 35Cl NQR frequency and spin lattice relaxation time in 2,3‐dichloroanisole
Authors: Ramu L. , Ramesh K. P. , Ramananda D. , Chandramani R.
Published: June 2010

The temperature and pressure dependence of 35Cl NQR frequency and spin lattice relaxation time (T1) were investigated in 2,3‐dichloroanisole. Two NQR signals were observed throughout the temperature and pressure range studied. T1 were measured in the temperature range from 77 to 300 K and from atmospheric pressure to 5 kbar. Relaxation was found to be due to the torsional motion of the molecule and also reorientation of motion of the CH3 group. T1 versus temperature data were analyzed on the basis of Woessner and Gutowsky model, and the activation energy for the reorientation of the CH3 group was estimated. The temperature dependence of the average torsional lifetimes of the molecules and the transition probabilities were also obtained.

NQR frequency shows a nonlinear behavior with pressure, indicating both dynamic and static effects of pressure. The pressure coefficients were observed to be positive for both the lines. A thermodynamic analysis of the data was carried out to determine the constant volume temperature coefficients of the NQR frequency. The variation of spin lattice time with pressure was very small, showing that the relaxation is mainly due to the torsional motions of the molecules. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
NMR investigation of guest–host complex between chloroform and cryptophane C
Authors: Takacs Z. , Šoltésová M. , Kotsyubynskyy D. , Kowalewski J. , Lang J. , Brotin T. , Dutasta J. P.
Published: June 2010

Guest–host complex between cryptophane C, possessing two non‐equivalent caps, and chloroform is investigated by NMR spectroscopy. The kinetics of the chloroform exchange between the bound and free sites is determined by 1H exchange spectroscopy. Moreover, the preferential orientation of chloroform molecule with respect to the cryptophane C frame is examined by the NOESY and ROESY experiments. The experimental findings are compared to the results of quantum chemical calculations. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.