bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Prepress Resonans mellem livets afslutning og livets begyndelse
Authors: Prinds Christina , Hvidtjørn Dorte , Moestrup Lene
Published: March 2019

Denne artikel er en sekundær analyse og diskussion af to forskningsprojekter, som søgte at udforske eksistentielle karakteristika ved henholdsvis livets begyndelse (blandt nybagte mødre) og livets afslutning (blandt døende og deres pårørende). På baggrund af empiri genereret via forskellige forskningsmetoder diskuteres resultaterne i lyset af en fællesteoretisk forståelse af sekulære, religiøse og spirituelle aspekter i menneskelivet. I artiklen fokuserer vi i særlig grad på, hvordan det at blive mor kan aktualisere eksistentielle overvejelser og hvordan resonansen til samme aktualisering i forbindelse med døden, kan informere sundhedsvæsenets svangreomsorg. Med begrundelse i to sammenfattende argumenter, det eksistentielle/åndelige og det sundhedsfaglige, argumenterer vi for, at eksistentiel og åndelig omsorg potentielt kan være relevant ved livets begyndelse på samme vis som ved livets afslutning.
Le faire-valoir indirect au Canada au XVIIIe siècle1
Authors: Dépatie Sylvie
Published: March 2019

Cet article porte sur la location d’exploitations agricoles dans la région montréalaise au XVIIIe siècle, ce qu’on nomme le faire-valoir indirect. Il pose la question de la nature des biens loués, des groupes sociaux engagés dans le processus et décrit les modalités du phénomène telles que les baux les présentent. Il en ressort qu’au XVIIIe siècle, il existe une grande variété de biens fonciers faisant l’objet de location, en particulier d’imposantes exploitations agricoles. Ce constat amène alors à s’interroger sur les raisons de la persistance de la location à mi-fruits, souvent associée à une agriculture archaïque et pauvre.
La mise en oeuvre d’une conception relationnelle de l’émotion en économie comportementale
Authors: Petit Emmanuel
Published: March 2019

Dans cet article, nous analysons comment la science économique standard, discipline qui a intégré tardivement le domaine de l’affectivité, se confronte aujourd’hui à ce que les historiens des émotions ont appelé le « tournant émotionnel ». Nous prenons appui sur la théorie des émotions en mettant en avant une conception relationnelle de l’affect. La prise en compte de cette dimension relationnelle peut-elle modifier le cadre rationnel caractéristique de l’analyse économique traditionnelle? A partir des travaux sur la coopération de Frans van Winden (2015) et de ses collègues, nous montrons que le tissage de liens affectifs entre individus transforme le problème du « passager clandestin » posé dans les dilemmes sociaux. Ceci ouvre une discussion fondamentale sur la place de l’émotion dans la construction de l’attitude coopérative dans une dynamique spatiale et temporelle.
Raconter sa visite à Auschwitz. Les conditions communicationnelles de l’expression des ressentis
Authors: Wadbled Nathanaël
Published: March 2019

L’expression des ressentis est un phénomène social et relationnel dans la mesure où elle se fait dans une situation communicationnelle. Il n’est pas possible de parler de ses ressentis intimes avec n’importe qui et dans n’importe quel dispositif relationnel. C’est ce que montre l’enquête réalisée sur l’expérience de visite scolaire du Musée-Mémorial d’Auschwitz-Birkenau. Les élèves n’avaient pas réussi à parler de leurs ressentis intimes à leurs proches, à leurs camarades ou à leurs enseignants. Ils ont avec chacun de ces groupes une impossibilité spécifique à parler de leur intimité. Au contraire, la relation instaurée pendant l’entretien a permis l’expression de cette intimité. Le tournant émotionnel des sciences humaines et sociales ne peut faire l’économie de cette question puisqu’elle engage une réflexion sur la relation qui se noue sur le terrain avec les enquêtés.
Les émotions dans l’action collective. Les mobilisations contre les parcs éoliens et les bâtiments d’élevages en Bretagne (France)
Authors: Romdhani Ali , Van Tilbeurgh Véronique
Published: March 2019

Les approches émotionnelles en sciences sociales sont aujourd’hui très diverses, mais intègrent encore peu les émotions pour expliquer les composantes sociales de l’action. Cet article entend interroger la dynamique de l’action collective en intégrant l’aspect émotionnel de la vie sociale dans une perspective relationnelle. Fondée sur les travaux de Pierre Livet (2001) et de Louis Quéré (2012), l’émotion est envisagée comme étant ce qui lie les individus à une situation. Cette relation provoque un « travail émotionnel », c’est-à-dire la révision de nos attentes dans une situation incertaine, que les acteurs opèrent pour s’engager dans l’action. L’objectif de cet article est de montrer la relation entre les caractéristiques des émotions ressenties et les formes des mobilisations collectives. Cet article repose sur l’analyse de conflits d’usages autour de neuf projets d’extension de bâtiments d’élevage et de parcs éoliens. La dynamique du conflit sera restituée dans le temps à travers les différentes situations émotionnelles que traversent les protagonistes.
Distinct progenitor populations mediate regeneration in the zebrafish lateral line
Authors: Thomas Eric D , Raible David W
Published: March 2019

Mechanosensory hair cells of the zebrafish lateral line regenerate rapidly following damage. These renewed hair cells arise from the proliferation of surrounding support cells, which undergo symmetric division to produce two hair cell daughters. Given the continued regenerative capacity of the lateral line, support cells presumably have the ability to replenish themselves. Utilizing novel transgenic lines, we identified support cell populations with distinct progenitor identities. These populations show differences in their ability to generate new hair cells during homeostasis and regeneration. Targeted ablation of support cells reduced the number of regenerated hair cells. Furthermore, progenitors regenerated after targeted support cell ablation in the absence of hair cell damage. We also determined that distinct support cell populations are independently regulated by Notch signaling. The existence of independent progenitor populations could provide flexibility for the continued generation of new hair cells under a variety of conditions throughout the life of the animal.
Transcriptome analysis of osmotic-responsive genes in ABA-dependent and -independent pathways in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) roots
Authors: Li Chunxi , Zhang Wenli , Yuan Meng , Jiang Lina , Sun Bo , Zhang Daijing , Shao Yun , Liu Anqi , Liu Xueqing , Ma Jianhui
Published: March 2019

Bread wheat is one of the most important crops in the world. However, osmotic stress significantly inhibits wheat growth and development, and reduces crop yield and quality. Plants respond to osmotic stress mainly through abscisic acid (ABA)-dependent and -independent pathways. In this study, root transcriptome profiles of wheat seedlings exposed to osmotic stress and exogenous ABA were analysed to identify osmotic-responsive genes belonging to the ABA-dependent or -independent pathways. We found that osmotic stress promoted proline biosynthesis in the ABA-dependent pathway, and trehalose biosynthesis is likely promoted among soluble sugars to maintain protein bioactivity under osmotic stress. In wheat roots subjected to osmotic stress, calcium ions, and glutathione exert their functions mainly through calcium-binding protein (CaM/CML) and glutathione-S-transferase, respectively, depending on both pathways. In addition, a complex relationship among phytohormones signal transduction was observed in response to osmotic stress. The findings of this study deepen our understanding of the molecular mechanisms of osmotic-stress resistance, and provide several candidate osmotic-responsive genes for further study.
Effect of Surface Sterilants on in vitro Establishment of Pineapple (Ananas comosus (L.) Merill.) cv. Kew
Authors: Parveen Shaheena , Mir Hidayatullah , Ranjan Tushar , Pal Awadhesh K. , Kundu Manoj
Published: March 2019

The rate of pineapple propagation through conventional technique is quite low and time taken and that by seed is apparently hard to germinate. Non-availability of quality planting material is one of the major constraints for expansion of its cultivation area in Bihar. Keeping this in view an experiment was conducted for in vitro establishment for large scale disease free planting materials production. The most commonly encountered problem during in vitro pineapple germplasm establishment is the rate of contamination, which is very high in case of pineapple. Suckers of pineapple cultivar Kew were used as explants for the study. In this experiment the efficiency of three sterilizing agents (Clorox, HgCl2 and NaOCl) at different concentrations and duration was evaluated in terms of number of aseptic cultures. Results revealed that when no sterilant was used all the cultures were contaminated. The contamination of explants significantly decreased with increase in concentration of different sterilants and their time of exposure. The highest survival of explants (58.31±1.71%) were observed when explants were treated with Clorox 40% for 20 minutes which also resulted in 17.89±0.25% and 25.03±2.63%  mortality and per cent contamination respectively. As the duration of Clorox 40% was increased, percent contamination decreased but simultaneously increased the mortality rate at 25 mins of duration. The percent survival also increased when explants were treated with different concentrations of HgCl2 and NaOCl at different time durations. However, NaOCl treatments were less effective as compared to other two sterilants.
Effect of Sulphur Sources and Levels on Growth, Yield and Quality of Onion (Allium cepa L.)
Authors: Singh Sanjay Kumar , Kumar Manish , . Seema , Singh P. K. , Yadav L. M.
Published: March 2019

A field experiment was conducted during rabi season at Trihut college of Agriculture Dholi, Muzaffarpur to evaluate the response of sources (Elemental sulphur and gypsum) and different doses (15, 30 and 45 kg S ha-1) of sulphur growth yield and quality of onion. Bulb yield, nutrient content in onion and nutrient uptake were significantly improved by the application of sulphur by gypsum over elenmental sulphur. Amongst sulphur doses, the application of sulphur at 40 kg/ha showed significant superiority over others, however it was at par to sulphur at 30 kg/ha.
In silico Characterization and Homology Modelling of Potato Leaf Roll Virus (PLRV) Coat Protein
Authors: Kumar Jitesh , Ranjan Tushar , Kumar Ravi Ranjan , Ansar Mohammad , Rajani Kumari , Kumar Mahesh , Kumar Vinod , Kumar Anand
Published: March 2019

Polerovirus (Family-Luteoviridae) are one of the most destructive viruses causing detrimental diseases in vegetable crops in tropical regions of the world including India. Four species viz. potato leaf roll virus (PLRV), potato virus Y(PVY), potato virus X(PVX) and potato virus S(PVS) are known to cause different diseases in potato crops. Of the various viral diseases inflicting potato crops, potato leaf roll disease is the most destructive and widely distributed. They cause huge agro-economical losses (90%) worldwide and thus are the subjects of immense concern. PLRV is a phloem-limited spherical virus transmitted by several aphid species in a persistent manner. A study was performed in order to detect the infection of potato leaf roll virus from different regions of Bihar. These infected samples were diagnosed first using DAS-ELISA for the PLRV infection and later, coat protein was amplified and sequenced from PLRV positive sample. Phylogenetic tree deduced based on the nucleotide sequence of the coat protein gene gene showed a distinct divergence of PLRV isolates in two major clades. The molecular weight of the predicted protein sequence of 203 amino acids was found 22617.06 daltons while theoretical pI was 5.22. The extinction coefficient of predicted coat protein was 0.836. An attempt was taken in order to illustrate the 3D model of the coat protein which was further verified using Ramachandran plot. The model structure obtained using Swiss-Model had 92.9% residues in the most favourable region of the Ramachandran plot (Fig. 3c) and showed Z-score for bond angles, chi-1/chi-2 correlation and Ramachandran Z-score were 1.457, 1.773 and -2.633 respectively which exhibited  considerably good model quality.
Pre-Treatments Maintain the Quality of Banana Flakes
Authors: Ahmad Md. Shamsher , Siddiqui M. W. , Singh J. P. , Mir H. , Nayyer Md. Abu
Published: March 2019

Objective: Pre treatments such as T2 (citric acid 1% + 0.5% haldi +1% salt) and T3 (citric acid 1% + KMS 0.5%) were the most effective to reduce browning and resulted high quality banana flakes. The flakes were evaluated for moisture content, non enzymatic browning and sensory (color, texture and flavour) quality attributes after treatment and during storage.

Study Design: Completely Randomized Block Design (CRD)

Place and Duration of Study: Department of food Science and Postharvest Technology, BAU, Sabour (Bihar) India during March 2013 to August 2015.

Methodology: In this curriculum, banana flakes prepared from different cooking and Table banana cultivars (G-9, Kothiya, Alpan and Batisha,) were subjected to different pre-treatments with citric acid, potassium meta bisulphite, salt and turmeric powder. The flakes were evaluated for moisture content, non enzymatic browning and sensory (color, texture and flavour) quality attributes during storage.

Results and Conclusions: Pre treatments prior to drying decreased the incidence of browning of finished products as compared to control. Pre treatments such as T3 (citric acid 1% + KMS 0.5%) and T2 (citric acid 1% + 0.5% haldi +1% salt) were the most effective to reduce browning and resulted high quality banana flakes. OD at 445 was recorded minimum in all cultivars (Kothiya-0.61, Digha-0.68, Batisha-0.69 and G-9-0.72 against T3. Hence treatment T3 maintained whiter colour than other treaments. From the results, it is suggested that quality banana flakes could be prepared from all the cultivars using theses pre-treatments.
Study on Genetic Variability in Cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp]
Authors: Gupta Ramesh Kumar , . Parmila , Arya Madhuri , Kumar Ashutosh , Kumari Preeti
Published: March 2019

Cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp] also known as a black-eyed pea or Southern pea, belongs to Fabaceae family is rich in proteins, vitamins, minerals and phosphorus. It is mainly grown for grain, pulse cum vegetable and fodder purposes. Twenty-seven genotypes of cowpea were sown in RBD with three replications and observations regarding eighteen characters were recorded at the vegetable farm, RPCAU, Pusa, Samastipur during zaid-2017. Analysis of variance shows that there was a significant difference among genotypes recorded among all the eighteen quantitative characters indicates the diverse genetic nature of base population. The coefficient of phenotypic variation was slightly greater than those of genotypic variation for almost all the character shows that the existing variation is mainly governed by the genotypic factor and there is little influence of environment in the expression of the character. High heritability coupled with high genetic advance was observed for characters like pod yield per plant, plant height, pod yield (q/ha), number of pods per plant and number of nodes on the main stem shown that the direct selection will be more effective. Genetic divergence using D2 analysis was also carried out for all the twenty-seven genotypes and were grouped into six clusters. Cluster I was largest including of eleven genotypes whereas cluster VI was smallest consisting only one genotype. Inter-cluster D2 values ranged from 606.11 to 1837.92. The high value of D2 distance help breeder in  selection of the parental line for initiating any hybridization programme.
Performance of Different Herbicides on Weed Control in Onion (Allium cepa L.) and Its Effect on Economics
Authors: Kumari Sangeeta , Kumar Rajesh , Das S. N. , . Kavita
Published: March 2019

Onion is one of the most important vegetable in India. However, yields are generally low due to weeds problem which reduce onion yields. In order to evaluate various  herbicides for weed control in onion, an experiment was conducted at Agricultural Research Institute, Patna under Bihar Agricultural  University, Sabour, Bhagalpur during two consecutive rabi Season 2016-17 and 2017-2018.The experiment comprised 3 herbicides and were applied alone , their combinations ,hand weeded plot and a weedy check was also included. Thus the eight different treatments were: weed free throughout the all crop period, two hand weeding at 20 and 40 days after transplanting, glyphosate at the rate 1kg  active ingredient /ha 15 days before transplanting, pendimethalin at the rate 1 kg active ingredient/ha as pre emergence i.e., 3 days after transplanting, oxyfluorfen  at the rate  250 g  active ingredient /ha as post emergence i.e. 30 days after transplanting, pendimethalin followed by oxyfluorfen, glyphosate followed by pedimethalin followed by oxyfluorfen and the control.

 Statistical analysis of the data showed that the hand weeded treatment had the lowest  total dry weight of weeds (10.3g) and total fresh weight of weeds (29.4g) followed by combined application of glyphosate, pendimethalin and oxyfluorfen treated plot (12.7g) and (24.5g) as compared to the weedy check (45.8g) and (159.0g) respectively. Similarly, the maximum size of onion bulbs (62.5g), yield (281q/ha) was recorded in the hand weeded plots followed by the combined application of glyphosate, pendimethalin and oxyflurfen treated plot (61.9g and 268q/ha) as compared to weedy check (13.3g and 49q/ha). The highest cost benefit ratio was obtained in the treatment (where combinations of the 3 herbicides were applied i.e., (T7) due to low labour consumption as compared to weed free treatment (T1).
Evaluation of Different Herbicide on Weed Growth, Yield Attributes, Yield and Economics on Lentil (Lens culinaris)
Authors: Singh Rajeev , Kumar Ravi Ranjan , Kumar Praveen , Singh A. K. , Sohane R. K. , Singh R. N. , Singh Anjani Kumar , . Nityanand , Pratap Tej , Mehta Sangita
Published: March 2019

A field experiment was conducted at Aurangabad district of Bihar during 2014-15 and 2015-16. The experiment was laid out in randomized block design with five replications and six treatments. The major weeds in experimental field were Chenopodium album, Phalaris minor, Anagalis arvensis and Convolvulus arvensis were recorded with some other minor weed species. Lowest weed density (4.90 m-2 & 6.20 m-2) at 30DAS was recorded where pendimethalin  was applied @ 1.0 kg a.i./ha as PE followed by Imazethapyr @40 g a.i./ha at 25 DAS, which was statistically at par with Imazethapyr @40 g a.i./ha at 25 DAS in 2014-15 and 2015-16, respectively. Similarly weed density and dry weight at 30DAS and harvest during 2014-15 and 2015-16 were recorded significantly lower with pendimethalin  was applied @ 1.0 kg a.i./ha as PE followed by Imazethapyr @40 g a.i./ha at 25 DAS, which was statistically at par with Imazethapyr @40 g a.i./ha at 25 DAS. Significantly decreased the weed density (38.77% & 60.37%) at 30DAS with pendimethalin applied @ 1.0 kg a.i./ha as PE followed by Imazethapyr @40 g a.i./ha at 25 DAS, which was statistically at par with Imazethapyr @40 g a.i./ha at 25 DAS during 2014-15 and 2015-16 and similar finding was also recorded at harvest stage in both the year. Grain yield was recorded with pendimethalin was applied @ 1.0 kg a.i./ha as PE followed by Imazethapyr @40 g a.i./ha at 25 DAS 17.61 q/ha and 14.61 q/ha, respectively during 2014-15 and 2015-16 being at par with Imazethapyr @40 g a.i./ha during both the year among other treatments. The highest net returns of Rs. 61925 & Rs 67140  and B:C 4.57 & 4.27 were recorded by pendimethalin was applied @ 1.0 kg a.i./ha as PE followed by Imazethapyr @40 g a.i./ha at 25 DAS being on par with Imazethapyr @40 g a.i./ha during both the year.
Effect of Zinc Foliar Application on Seed Yield of Lentil (Lens culinaris Medikus) and Its Yielding Components
Authors: Pal Pragun , Mondal Subhasis , Samanta Puspendu
Published: March 2019

Zinc plays a greater role during reproductive phase especially during fertilization. A field experiment was conducted in district seed farm AB block, Kalyani, Nadia, Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya (B.C.K.V) during 2016-17 and 2017-18 in Randomized Block Design (RBD) and replicated thrice to check the response of lentil against different concentration of ZnSO4· 7H2O. Zinc foliar application applied at preflowering and podding stage. It has been observed that all the zinc applications have better results than the control. Among different treatments 0.04% and 0.08% zinc shown better result. Among humans, Zinc (Zn) deficiency is a well documented global health problem, affecting nearly half of the world population. Zn content of the seed increased maximum in 0.08% Zn treatment but seed yield is maximum in 0.04% Zn treatment. Therefore, it is concluded that foliar application of zinc improves lentil productivity and lentil production.
Genetic Variability and Association of Traits in Mutant Lines of Rice (Oryza sativa L.) for Submergence Tolerance
Authors: Kumari Nikita , Kumar Rajesh , Kumar Avinash
Published: March 2019

Present investigation was carried out with 240 mutant lines developed from different combination of gamma rays and ethyl methyl sulfonate on three rice varieties i.e FR13A, FR13B and Labella along with three untreated checks (FR13A, FR13B and Labella). These were evaluated for their survival percentage under submerged condition and yield potential along with 9 other morpho-physiological traits using Type 2 modified augmented design during Kharif season of 2017 in the agroclimatic region of north bihar, India. Analysis of variance revealed highly significant differences among the mutant lines for all morpho-physiological characters under study. Higher magnitude of phenotypic coefficient of variation (PCV), genotypic coefficient of variation (GCV), heritability (broad sense) and genetic advance as percentage of mean were observed for number of tillers per plant, number of fertile tillers per plant, relative shoot elongation and survival percentage, indicating that these traits could be used as selection indices for yield improvement and submergence tolerance. Association study revealed that number of tillers per plant and survival percentage had significant positive high to moderate direct association with grain yield per plant under submergence condition. Thus, these traits may be used as selection criteria in further crop improvement programmes for submergence tolerance.
Effect of Sowing Date and Plant Geometry on Seed Yield of Early Cauliflower (Brassica oleracea var. botrytis L.) cv. Sabour Agrim
Authors: Kumari Ritu , Singh Vijay Kumar , Kumar Sunil , Shree Sangeeta , Kherwa Radhe Shyam
Published: March 2019

Present investigation was framed with four sowing date (25th July, 10th August, 26th August and 10th September) and four plant spacing (50 × 40 cm, 50 × 50 cm, 60 × 50 cm and 60 × 60 cm) having 16 treatment combinations. The experiment was laid out in Factorial Randomize Block Design and replicates thrice. The result of the present investigation indicates that the main effect of date of sowing and plant spacing as well as their interaction effect were found significant. The significantly highest plant height (63.93 cm), leaf area (97.00 cm2), polar diameter (10.3 cm) and equatorial diameter (21.20 cm) were recorded on 10th August and seedlings were transplanted  at spacing of 60 × 60 cm. Significantly number of branches/plant, number of siliqua/plant, Number of seed/siliqua, seed yield/plant, seed yield (q/ha) and 1000 seed weight were obtained when sowing was done on 10th August and transplanted at spacing of 60 × 60 cm. Therefore, it may be concluded that combined effect of sowing date (10th August) and plant spacing (60 × 60 cm) was the most effective treatment combination for growth and seed yield in early cauliflower.
Optimization of High Density Planting with Drip Irrigation in Rabi Onion
Authors: Ojha M. D. , Kumar Vijay , Verma R. B. , Pal M. , Singh S. R. P. , Singh P. K.
Published: March 2019

Irrigation scheduling is necessary for increasing onion production in an Agro-climatic zone III A and B of Bihar, where water is becoming scarce gradually and a limiting factor for onion production. Field experiments were conducted during the Rabi season of 2013-14 and 2014-15 at the experimental farm, Nalanda College of Horticulture, Noorsarai, Nalanda. The objectives were to standardize high density planting with drip irrigation and to study the yield performance and storability on onion in Nalanda region. The treatments consisted of factorial combination of three irrigation intervals (2, 4 and 6 days) and four population densities (2000000, 1333333,  1000000 and 666666 plants/ha) corresponding to 10 x 5, 10 x 7.5, 10 x 10 and 15 x 10 cm respectively. The experiments were laid out in randomized block design replicated three times. Results revealed that the highest marketable yield was significantly favoured by 2 days interval followed by 4 days. However, lower plant spacing 10 x 5 cm recorded higher plant height, minimum maturity days, grass and marketable bulb yield were significantly higher with plant spacing 10 x10 cm followed by 15 x10 cm. The marketable bulb yield was significantly higher with interaction of T7 (10 x10 cm with 2 days irrigation interval) 1000000 plant density and 2 days irrigation interval than other treatment combinations. From the results of the study, it can be concluded that 2 days interval irrigation with a plant density of 1000000 (10x10 cm) plants per hectare can be practised for maximum onion bulb yield.
Correlation and Multiple Regression Studies of Yield and Yield Contributing Characters in Cauliflower (Brassica oleracea var. Botrytis L.)
Authors: Singh K. P. , Patel B. , Kumar Rakesh , Roy R. K. , Singh S. K.
Published: March 2019

The study on Cauliflower cv. ‘Pusa Dipali’ was carried out to find out the correlation and multiple regression coefficients studies of yield and yield contributing characters. Yield was found to be highly and significantly positively correlated with all the ancillary characters viz, curd depth (0.9180), curd diameter (0.9050), weight of curd (0.8990, plant height (0.8898), weight of plant (0.8768) and plant girth (0.6880). The multiple regression coefficients were found to be non significant due to multi collinearly between the characters. The step wise regression analysis showed that curd depth has highest contribution towards field followed by curd weight, curd diameter and plant height while the lowest contribution was due to plant girth and weight of plant.
Diallel Analysis for Estimation of Combining Ability for Seed Yield and It’s Component Traits in Linseed (Linum usitatissimum L.)
Authors: Mahto Divya , Vashistha Anshuman , Sinha Suparna , Singh P. K. , Marker Shailesh
Published: March 2019

The present investigation consisted of eight parents of linseed which were crossed as per diallel analysis [1] (Model 1 and Method 2) in Rabi 2010-11 to generate 28 crosses (excluding reciprocals). These 28 crosses were evaluated along with eight parents and three checks viz: T-397, Neelum and Allahabad Local in RBD having three replications during 2011-12 at the Field Experimentation Centre of Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences, Allahabad. The data were recorded on ten characters to study the combining ability. The significant mean sum of squares for all the ten characters indicated the presence of a substantial amount of variability. Per se performance for seed yield and its components depicted that cross M-42 (169) × POLF-19 (1765) was found to be best. Analysis of variance for combining ability showed significant differences for all the characters. The parents FRW-6 (973) and POLF-19 (1765) were good general combiner for seedyield and most of the traits. Highest positive SCA effect for seed yield per plant was depicted by the cross PbD2-42 (2789) × GS-129 (1018).
Impact of Climate Change in Capsicum Production: A Review
Authors: Srikanth D. , Rekha G. Kranthi , Lakshmi A. Praveena , Vimatha P.
Published: March 2019

Vegetable crops are sensitive to temperature, most of them require specific temperatures for optimum yield and quality. Climate change will effect capsicum production through increase in pollination failures, floral abortion, reduced fruit size and quality under higher temperature, increased incidence of physiological disorders (sun scald and blossom end rot), increased risk of soil borne diseases (leaf blight and fruit rot). Increasing temperatures will also influence greenhouse crop production, particularly in sub-tropical regions. In temperate areas there will be less effect and sowing time can be adjusted accordingly. Irrigation requirement will be high because of higher evaporative demand. So there is a need to adjust the sowing time according to changing temperatures. Selecting cultivars which are more tolerant are adaptable to changing environmental conditions. So polyhouses are best solution to avoid losses due to unfavourable climatic conditions like high temperature, heavy rains, strong winds and hailstones etc. Integrated pest and disease management (IPDM) will be an important tool to adapt to changing climate. Mulching with different mulching materials will help in reducing the incidence of soil born diseases like fruit rot and leaf blight. Scientists have to breed the cultivars, suitable to grow under changing temperature, resistant to insect, pest and diseases. To cope up with the effects of climate change we have to follow good production technology in capsicum and also to increase the yield and for good quality of the produce.
In vitro Multiplication and Genetic Fidelity Studies in Cleopatra Mandarin (Citrus reshni Tanaka)
Authors: Prakash Shashi , Sharma Suneel , Kajla Subhash , . Renu
Published: March 2019

The present investigation was undertaken for in vitro multiplication of Cleopatra mandarin using nodal segment explants. Nodal segments taken from 9 years old plant in the month of March - April were cultured on Murashige and Skoog (1962) medium supplemented with BAP 0.5 mg/l + Kin 0.5 mg/l for establishment. Various concentrations of auxins viz.  IAA and NAA were used singly or in combination with cytokinins (Kinetin and BAP) for shoot multiplication. Maximum number of shootlets per sprouted bud (8.2 ± 0.22) and maximum length of shootlets (3.0 ± 0.12cm) were recorded when auxins were used in combination with cytokinins at a concentration of NAA 0.3 mg/l + BAP 1.0 mg/l. Full strength MS media fortified with 1mg/l IBA was used for rooting of multiplied shoots and was kept in potting media containing sand, soil and vermi compost in 1:1:1 ratio for hardening.In vitro raised plants were examined for genetic stability by using RAPD primers. Out of fifty primers screened, eleven primers produced amplification while thirty-nine primers did not show any amplification. All RAPD profile for in vitro raised plants were monomorphic and similar to their mother plant, which showed that all the plants raised through micropropagation were true to type.
Effect of Date of Planting and Plant Geometry on Growth and Yield Characters of Kalmegh cv. CIM Megha
Authors: Pal Mahender , Kumar Vijay , Singh A. P. , Singh R. S. , Ojha M. D. , Singh S. R. P. , Singh P. K.
Published: March 2019

The experiment was laid out in Factorial Randomized Block design assigning time of planting (Factor A), planting geometry (Factor B) with four replications to assess the effect of date of planting and planting geometry on growth and yield of Kalmegh cv. CIM Megha. The experiment was conducted at Experimental farm, Nalanda College of Horticulture, Noorsarai, Nalanda (Bihar Agricultural University, Sabour) in the year 2013-14 and 2014-15. Factor A consisted of three time of planting viz., 15th May, 01st June and 15th June and factor B consisted of two levels of spacing S1 (30 x15 cm) and S2 (30 x20 cm). Pooled data on different growth and yield characters revealed 15th June as  best time of planting of Kalmegh and proclaimed highest values for plant height (75.46 cm), Plant girth (7.69 mm), no. of secondary branches, no. of leaves per plant and total dry matter yield (31.75 q/ha) . on the other hand spacing level of  S2 (30x20 cm) also recorded highest values for plant height (68.75 cm), plant girth (7.75 mm), no. of secondary branched/plant, no. of leaves/plant and total dry matter yield (27.38 q/ha). The treatment combination of 15th June as time of planting and plant spacing of 30 x20 cm found best for planting of Kalmegh in the growing conditions of the Nalanda. It was followed by planting time 15th June and plant spacing of 30x 15 cm for higher growth and yield of Kalmegh.
Mindfulness at Metropolitan Universities
Authors: Archuleta Kristi , Jennings Christopher T. , Cunliff Ed
Published: March 2019

This chapter highlights mindfulness and meditation practices at two metropolitan universities and includes a discussion of programming challenges, classroom teaching practices, and suggestions for expanding offerings for non‐traditional learners.
A Philosophical Embodied Practice: Meditation in the European–Italian Adult Education Context
Authors: Formenti Laura
Published: March 2019

This chapter describes a practice of philosophical meditation as a way to transformation in an Italian context. It makes use of poetic and autoethnographic writing to highlight some features of the method, and offers suggestion for adult education practice.
Bonsai as Meditation for Adult Learning
Authors: Doyle James F. , Tisdell Elizabeth J. , Palmer Charles
Published: March 2019

This chapter discusses ways of engaging the plant–human connection and exchange by learning about bonsai and then engaging and meditating on the tree to eventually cultivate the experience of bonsai as meditation.
Summing Up: Themes and Variations, and Further Directions for Mindfulness and Meditation in Adult Education
Authors: Gupta Kalpana , Archuleta Kristi
Published: March 2019

This chapter summarizes the articles contained in this special issue, highlighting emerging themes and future implications for research and practice for adult educators.
Stretchable Nanocomposite Conductors Enabled by 3D Segregated Dual‐Filler Network
Authors: Peng Shuhua , Wu Shuying , Zhang Fan , Wang Chun H.
Published: March 2019

Flexible and stretchable electrical conductors are needed in a wide range of applications to maintain electrical conductance under large deformation. Herein a new type of stretchable electrical conductor capable of large deformation is reported. Using a simple and cost‐effective dip‐coating technique, conductive nanomaterials including sliver nanowires (AgNWs) and carbon nanofibers (CNFs) are deposited onto the surface of polyurethane foam, forming a 3D segregated conductive network. The pores are subsequently infused with elastomeric polymethylsiloxane. Upon curing, the resultant nanocomposite is highly conductive even under large strain. Compared with nanocomposites made of a single type of conductive nanomaterial, the nanocomposite obtained by sequential dip‐coating with AgNWs and then CNFs give the best performance, due to the synergetic effect between the two conductive nanomaterials. This highly conductive nanocomposites can withstand large mechanical deformations, including stretching, twisting, and bending while maintain its high electrical conductivity. With a low‐cost and simple fabrication process, these newly developed conductive nanocomposites offer a new type of stretchable conductors for wearable electronics.
Flavin Oxidoreductase‐Mediated Regeneration of Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide with Dioxygen and Catalytic Amount of Flavin Mononucleotide for One‐Pot Multi‐Enzymatic Preparation of Ursodeoxycholic Acid
Authors: Chen Xi , Cui Yunfeng , Feng Jinhui , Wang Yu , Liu Xiangtao , Wu Qiaqing , Zhu Dunming , Ma Yanhe
Published: March 2019

Ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA), a pharmaceutical ingredient widely used in clinics, can be prepared from chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA) by the epimerization of the 7α‐OH group. In this study, a nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) regeneration system was developed by using flavin oxidoreductase (FR) and flavin mononucleotide (FMN). Only catalytic amount of FMN is required for the effective NAD+ recycling. FR/FMN system was then applied in the oxidation of CDCA to 7‐ketolithocholic acid (7‐keto‐LCA) by NAD+‐dependent 7α‐hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (Bs‐7α‐HSDH) from Brevundimonas sp., which showed extremely high enzyme activity toward CDCA (kcat/Km=8050 s−1 ⋅ mM−1). When Escherichia coli whole cells coexpressing Bs‐7α‐HSDH and FR genes were used as biocatalyst, CDCA (50 mM) was completely converted to 7‐keto‐LCA with the turnover number of FMN being 227 and 58.8 g ⋅ L−1 ⋅ d−1 space‐time yield of 7‐keto‐LCA. For the reduction of 7‐keto‐LCA, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH)‐dependent 7‐β‐hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (Cm‐7β‐HSDH) from Clostridium sp. Marseille was employed with alcohol dehydrogenase from Thermoanaerobacter brockii (TbADH) and iso‐propanol as co‐factor regeneration system. When E. coli whole cells coexpressing Cm‐7β‐HSDH and TbADH genes were used as biocatalyst, 40 mM 7‐keto‐LCA was reduced to UDCA with 26.8 g ⋅ L−1 ⋅ d−1 space‐time yield. The oxidation and reduction were then carried in a one‐pot concurrent mode, 12.5 mM CDCA was completely converted to UDCA. The epimerization of CDCA to UDCA proceeded to completion at the substrate concentration of 30 mM in the one‐pot sequential process. Therefore, the complete conversion of CDCA to UDCA in one‐pot has been realized by employing 7α‐HSDH and 7β‐HSDH of different co‐factor specificities with independent co‐factor recycling systems. The cholic acids, especially UDCA, exert inhibitive effect on the activities of these enzymes, preventing the complete epimerization of 7α‐OH at higher substrate loading. This inhibition issue should be solvable by engineering the involved enzymes, that is currently pursued in our laboratory.

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Asymmetric [3+3] Cycloaddition of Donor−Acceptor Aziridines with N,N‐Dialkyl‐3‐vinylanilines to Construct Highly Functionalized Enantioenriched Tetrahydroisoquinolines
Authors: Kim Seungyeon , Kim Sung‐Gon
Published: March 2019

A diastereo‐ and enantioselective [3+3] cycloaddition of donor−acceptor aziridines with N,N‐dialkyl‐3‐vinylanilines has been established using a Mg(OTf)2/bisoxazoline catalyst, providing highly functionalized tetrahydroisoquinolines in good yields and with high levels of stereocontrol. A wide variety of N,N‐dialkyl‐3‐vinylanilines, such as m‐N,N‐dimethylaminophenyl α,β‐unsaturated phenyl ketones and 3‐(m‐N,N‐dimethylaminophenyl)acrylates, as well as donor−acceptor N‐tosylaziridines, have been applied in this asymmetric catalytic protocol.
Ring‐Opening Metathesis Polymerization of Biomass‐Derived Levoglucosenol
Authors: Debsharma Tapas , Behrendt Felix N. , Laschewsky André , Schlaad Helmut
Published: March 2019

The readily available cellulose‐derived bicyclic compound levoglucosenol was polymerized through ring‐opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP) to yield polylevoglucosenol as a novel type of biomass‐derived thermoplastic polyacetal, which, unlike polysaccharides, contains cyclic as well as linear segments in its main chain. High‐molar‐mass polyacetals with apparent weight‐average molar masses of up to 100 kg mol−1 and dispersities of approximately 2 were produced despite the non‐living/controlled character of the polymerization due to irreversible deactivation or termination of the catalyst/active chain ends. The resulting highly functionalized polyacetals are glassy in bulk with a glass transition temperature of around 100 °C. In analogy to polysaccharides, polylevoglucosenol degrades slowly in an acidic environment.
Preparation and characterization of Fe3O4@Boehmite core‐shell nanoparticles to support molybdenum or vanadium complexes for catalytic epoxidation of alkenes
Authors: Mirzaee Mahdi , Bahramian Bahram , Gholampour Parichehr , Teymouri Samaneh , Khorsand Toktam
Published: March 2019

Fe3O4 core nanoparticles were prepared via a solvothermal process, and then they were covered with a surface hydroxyl‐rich boehmite shell via the hydrothermal‐assisted sol–gel processing of aluminum 2‐propoxide. The outer surface of the boehmite shell was subsequently covalently functionalized with 3‐(tri‐methoxysilyl)‐propylamine or 3‐(tri‐methoxysilyl)‐propyl chloride, and the terminal chlorine groups were treated with imidazole. These compounds were used to support the hexa‐carbonyl molybdenum and oxo‐sulfato vanadium (IV) complexes. The supported catalysts were characterized by the FT‐IR, CHN, ICP, and TEM analysis techniques. They were then used in the epoxidation of cis‐cyclooctene. The catalytic procedures were optimized for different parameters such as the solvent, oxidant, and temperature. The reaction progress was investigated by the gas–liquid chromatography analysis. The catalysts used were simply recovered from the solution by applying a magnet, and recycling the experiments revealed that the heterogeneous nanocatalysts could be repeatedly used for the epoxidation of cis‐cyclooctene. The optimized conditions were also successfully used for the epoxidation of some other alkenes.
Preparation and investigation of efficient flame retardant TPE composites with piperazine pyrophosphate/aluminum diethylphosphinate system
Authors: Zhu Pingbo , Xu Miaojun , Li Sheng , Zhang Zhiyong , Li Bin
Published: March 2019

The piperazine pyrophosphate (PPAP) combined with aluminum diethylphosphinate (AlPi) with a certain mass fraction and then incorporated into thermoplastic elastomer (TPE) composites composed of oil extended styrene–ethylene–butadiene–styrene block copolymer and polypropylene. The fire retardancy, thermal behavior, mechanical performance, and flame retardant mechanism of TPE materials were investigated in detail. The results demonstrated that 1.6 mm TPE composites reached UL‐94 V‐0 grade during vertical burning tests and the limiting oxygen index value was 28.5% when 25 wt % PPAP/AlPi with the mass ratio of 4:1 was incorporated. The introduction of PPAP/AlPi improved the residual mass and thermal stability, and stimulated to produce the char layer with high quality. The formed char layer exerted shielding effect and AlPi could inhibit the flame in gas phase. Consequently, the PPAP/AlPi system evoked fire retardant effects in condensed and gas phase simultaneously, and the fire resistance of the TPE composites was enhanced. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci.2020,137, 47711.
Glucocorticoid Dosages and Acute‐Phase Reactant Levels at Giant Cell Arteritis Flare in a Randomized Trial of Tocilizumab
Authors: Stone John H. , Tuckwell Katie , Dimonaco Sophie , Klearman Micki , Aringer Martin , Blockmans Daniel , Brouwer Elisabeth , Cid Maria C. , Dasgupta Bhaskar , Rech Juergen , Salvarani Carlo , Schulze‐Koops Hendrik , Schett Georg , Spiera Robert , Unizony Sebastian H. , Collinson Neil
Published: March 2019

Objective

This study was undertaken to evaluate glucocorticoid dosages and serologic findings in patients with giant cell arteritis (GCA) flares.

Methods

Patients with GCA were randomly assigned to receive double‐blind dosing with either subcutaneous tocilizumab (TCZ) 162 mg weekly plus 26‐week prednisone taper (TCZ‐QW + Pred‐26), every‐other‐week TCZ plus 26‐week prednisone taper (TCZ‐Q2W + Pred‐26), placebo plus 26‐week prednisone taper (PBO + Pred‐26), or placebo plus 52‐week prednisone taper (PBO + Pred‐52). Outcome measures were prednisone dosage, C‐reactive protein (CRP) level, and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) at the time of flare.

Results

One hundred patients received TCZ‐QW + Pred‐26, 49 received TCZ‐Q2W + Pred‐26, 50 received PBO + Pred‐26, and 51 received PBO + Pred‐52. Of the 149 TCZ‐treated patients, 36 (24%) experienced flare, 23 (64%) of whom were still receiving prednisone (median dosage 2.0 mg/day). Among 101 PBO + Pred–treated patients, 59 (58%) experienced flare, 45 (76%) of whom were receiving prednisone (median dosage 5.0 mg/day). Many flares occurred while patients were taking >10 mg/day prednisone: 9 (25%) in the TCZ groups and 13 (22%) in the placebo groups. Thirty‐three flares (92%) in TCZ‐treated groups and 20 (34%) in PBO + Pred–treated groups occurred with normal CRP levels. More than half of the PBO + Pred–treated patients had elevated CRP levels without flares. Benefits of the TCZ and prednisone combination over prednisone alone for remission induction were apparent by 8 weeks.

Conclusion

Most GCA flares occurred while patients were still receiving prednisone. Acute‐phase reactant levels were not reliable indicators of flare in patients treated with TCZ plus prednisone or with prednisone alone. The addition of TCZ to prednisone facilitates earlier GCA control.
Statistical inference for coherent systems with Weibull distributed component lifetimes under complete and incomplete information
Authors: Jablonka A. , Cramer E. , Hermanns M.
Published: March 2019

Point estimators for the parameters of the component lifetime distribution in coherent systems are evolved assuming to be independently and identically Weibull distributed component lifetimes. We study both complete and incomplete information under continuous monitoring of the essential component lifetimes. First, we prove that the maximum likelihood estimator (MLE) under complete information based on progressively Type‐II censored system lifetimes uniquely exists and we present two approaches to compute the estimates. Furthermore, we consider an ad hoc estimator, a max‐probability plan estimator and the MLE for the parameters under incomplete information. In order to compute the MLEs, we consider a direct maximization of the likelihood and an EM‐algorithm–type approach, respectively. In all cases, we illustrate the results by simulations of the five‐component bridge system and the 10‐component parallel system, respectively.
Mild hypothermia reduces endoplasmic reticulum stress‐induced apoptosis and improves neuronal functions after severe traumatic brain injury
Authors: Wang Chuan‐Fang , Zhao Cheng‐Cheng , He Yi , Li Zong‐Yang , Liu Wen‐Lan , Huang Xian‐Jian , Deng Yue‐Fei , Li Wei‐Ping
Published: March 2019

Background

Mild hypothermia is wildly used in clinical treatment of traumatic brain injury (TBI). However, the effect of mild hypothermia on endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress‐induced apoptosis after severe TBI is still unknown.

Methods

In the present study, we used BALB/c mice to investigate the efficacy of posttraumatic mild hypothermia in reducing ER stress. Severe TBI was induced by controlled cortical impact injury. Mild hypothermia treatment was performed immediately after surgery and maintained for 4 hr. The animals were euthanized at 1 and 7 days after severe TBI. The expression levels of ER stress marker proteins were evaluated using Western blot and immunofluorescence. Cell apoptosis rate was analyzed by TUNEL staining. Neuronal functions of the mice were assessed using rotarod test and Morris water maze.

Results

Our results revealed that mild hypothermia significantly attenuated ER stress marker proteins, including p‐eIF2α/eIF2α, ATF4, CHOP and IRE‐1α, and reduced apoptosis rate in the pericontusion region at 1 and 7 days after severe TBI. Interestingly, mild hypothermia also prevented the translocation of CHOP into nucleus. In addition, posttraumatic mild hypothermia significantly improved neuronal functions after severe TBI.

Conclusions

Our findings illustrated that mild hypothermia could reduce ER stress‐induced apoptosis and improve neuronal functions after severe traumatic brain injury.