bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Real-time ultrasound guided thoracic epidural catheterization: a technical review
Authors: Lee Jong-Hyuk , Kim Doo-Hwan , Koh Won Uk
Published: July 2021

Thoracic epidural analgesia is known to have superior perioperative pain control over intravenous opioid analgesia in open abdominal surgery and is an essential enhanced recovery after surgery component in major abdominal surgeries. Recently, the ultrasound-guided thoracic epidural catheter placement (TECP) technique has drawn attention as an alternative for the traditional landmark palpation-based TECP or fluoroscopic-guided TECP technique due to the equipment’s improvement and increased popularity. However, only a small number of studies have introduced the advantages and usefulness of ultrasound-guided TECP. Moreover, a certain level of ultrasound-guided in-plane technique is required to perform this technique. Thus, to apply ultrasound-guided TECP correctly and reduce the likelihood of side effects and complications, the practitioner must have a thorough understanding of the anatomical region, optimal block positioning, device selection, and management. In this technical review, the authors have compared the advantages and disadvantages of ultrasound-guided TECP to traditional techniques and described its technical aspects from patient positioning, ultrasound probe selection and scanning, needle insertion under ultrasound guidance, and successful thoracic epidural catheter insertion confirmation through ultrasound imaging. Additionally, the recommended epidural catheter tip placement level with the extent of its injectate epidural spread is further described in this review in reference to a recent prospective study published by the authors.
Biological Activity of Sacha Inchi (Plukenetia volubilis Linneo) and Potential Uses in Human Health: A Review
Authors: Cárdenas Sierra Denny Miley , Gómez Rave Lyz Jenny , Soto Javier Andres
Published: July 2021

Sacha inchi (Plukenetia volubilis Linneo) is an ancestral plant originating in the Amazon
jungle that has been adopted as a food source due to its high nutritional value, which has
gradually been recognized to have potential benefits for human health. Diverse prospective studies have evaluated the effect of consuming components from the plant, derivatives from its seeds, leaves and shell on preventing the risk of cardiovascular disease, chronic inflammatory disease, dermatitis and controlling tumor proliferation, especially given its recognized high content of essential fatty acids, phenolic compounds and vitamin E, showing antioxidant, hypolipidemic, immunomodulation and emollient activity, as well as the capacity to remove heavy metals from aqueous solutions. This review offers a complete description of the existing information on the use and biological activity of P. volubilis L., based on its essential lipid components and evidenced on its use in the field of human health, in prevention, therapeutic and nutritional contexts, along with industrial uses, making it a promising bioresource.
First record of the Common Wolfsnake, Lycodon capucinus (H. Boie in F. Boie 1827), from New Guinea, with comments on its widespread distribution and confused taxonomy, and a new record for the Common Sun Skink, Eutropis multifasciata (Kuhl 1820)
Authors: O’Shea Mark , Kusuma Kukuh Indra , Kaiser Hinrich
Published: July 2021

We report the first records of the Island Wolfsnake, Lycodon capucinus (H. Boie in F. Boie 1827) at Timika, Mimika Regency, Papua Province, Indonesian New Guinea. These are of considerable interest since they provide further proof for the ability of this species to disperse via human transport, and the expansion into New Guinea represents a significant milestone, a distance of 675 km (by air) from the closest known population on Seram Island in the Moluccan Archipelago. Of even broader interest is the fact that one of the specimens contained a prey item, a Common Sun Skink, Eutropis multifasciata (Kuhl 1820), in itself a significant territorial expansion for that species. We preface our reports with a comprehensive review of the available information on the Island Wolfsnake’s taxonomy and distribution. We also discuss the expansion of E. multifasciata across Wallacea and into New Guinea.
An Improved Approach to Measuring Sexual Dimorphism in Snakes: Morphological Variation in the Bahamian Racer (Cubophis vudii vudii)
Authors: Johnson Scott , Hayes William K.
Published: July 2021

Sexual dimorphism in animals exists in many forms, including overall size difference between the sexes (sexual size dimorphism, SSD) and size and structural differences in body components (sexual body component dimor­phism, SBCD). Studies of sexual dimorphism seek to determine whether dimorphic traits result from sexual selection, natural selection, or non-adaptive processes. Characterizing sexual dimorphism depends on identifying an unbiased character for overall body size, which can then be used to assess both SSD and SBCD. Most studies of snakes use snout-vent length (SVL) for this purpose, but SVL may itself be dimorphic. In this study, we examined SSD and SBCD in three island populations of the Bahamian Racer (Cubophis vudii vudii). Discriminant function analysis (DFA) showed that head width (females wider) and tail length (males longer) best discriminated between the sexes, and total length provided the least discrimination. Linear models using total length as the least-biased measure for overall size revealed an absence of SSD, but SBCD existed for head size (width 8.9% greater in females, length similar), trunk length (4.3% longer in females), and tail length (9.8% longer in males). Linear models also revealed differences among island populations for total length (New Providence < Eleuthera = Allen Cay) and head length (Allen Cay < Eleuthera < New Providence), but not head width or tail length. Extent of SBCD varied depending on choice of character to control for overall body size, with total length yielding the most female-biased values, and geometric mean, principal component 1 (PC1) of a principal components analysis, and SVL providing increasingly more male-biased values, respectively. Body condition was statistically similar for the two sexes and three seasons (spring, summer-fall, winter), but the mod­erate and large effect sizes, respectively, suggest that females were heavier than males, and both sexes were heaviest in spring. Females, which represented 64.9 of all snakes, suffered injuries disproportionately to males (19.7% and 3.1%, respectively), but no differences in sex ratio or frequency of injury existed among the island populations. Collectively, these findings illustrate the utility of using DFA and other approaches (geometric mean, PC1) to identify a relatively unbiased reference character for overall body size and suggest that sexual and natural selection interact to shape the morphology of these snakes.
Notes on the feeding habits of the Caribbean Watersnake, Tretanorhinus variabilis (Dipsadidae)
Authors: López-Hurtado Yaira , García-Padrón L. Yusnaviel , González Adonis , Díaz Luis M. , Rodríguez-Cabrera Tomás M.
Published: July 2021

The Caribbean Watersnake, Tretanorhinus variabilis (Dipsadidae) is one of two aquatic West Indian snakes. Despite being a relatively common species in Cuba and the Cayman Islands, its feeding habits have been poorly stud­ied. Herein we report several new instances of predation by this species on fishes, frogs, and a freshwater crab. The latter represents the first record of durophagy in this species and the third snake reported as a crab eater in the West Indies.
El posmodernismo y el realismo en la aporía de la posverdad
Authors: González Arocha Jorge
Published: July 2021

En las últimas décadas ha emergido el problema de la posverdad. Valores como la imparcialidad, la objetividad y el diálogo crítico, se han vuelto más difíciles de alcanzar. A lo anterior se asocian diversas características como la emergencia de nuevas tecnologías y una nueva era en las relaciones políticas con el aumento del fundamentalismo y el populismo. Además, la referencia al posmodernismo es siempre un lugar común en la bibliografía sobre el tema. Tomando eso en cuenta, el objetivo principal del artículo es analizar filosóficamente el fundamento teórico del concepto de posverdad, el posmodernismo. Desde el punto de vista metodológico, este estudio teórico tomará como referencia el enfoque interpretativo. Se ha conjugado la crítica hermenéutica interpretativa con el análisis documental de las principales obras que abordan este problema. El artículo se divide en cuatro partes. En la primera sección se introduce el problema. En el segundo epígrafe se explican las características principales del concepto, teniendo en cuanta la interpretación corriente y notoria. En el tercer epígrafe se interpreta la postura que critica al posmodernismo como base teórica de la era de la posverdad. Y finalmente se concluye en el cuarto epígrafe definiendo que la relación entre la posverdad y su fundamento teórico tiene un carácter dogmático y contradictorio, puesto que enfrenta al relativismo subjetivista con el dogma de una metafísica realista.
Las transformaciones subjetivas en el diagrama de poder actual y sus implicancias en la educación
Authors: FLORES GRACIELA , VILLARREAL MAGALÍ
Published: July 2021

El presente trabajo explicita la problemática del poder en relación con las transformacionessubjetivas en el marco del diagrama de poder actual y se formulan vinculaciones con la educación.Mediante aportes de filósofos como Han, Foucault y Deleuze se exponen condiciones constitutivasdel diagrama de poder actual, que opera sobre los sujetos mediante una imposición de rendimientoentramada con una semántica del poder que impone sigilosamente horizontes de sentido. Los sujetosse auto-explotan en un trabajo sobre sí mismos en una libertad paradojal que obliga mediante unexceso de positividad del poder y a la vez se atan a significados y sentidos naturalizados por la fuerzade la obviedad. Estas estrategias alteran la potencia de los sujetos ocasionando diversos malestaressubjetivos. Se reflexiona en torno a las implicancias que estos mecanismos de sujeción pueden teneren el ámbito educativo mediante un enfoque filosófico. La reflexión puede operar como alertaque oriente la búsqueda de praxis emancipatorias y transformaciones subjetivas en el marco de lacontingencia donde resulta urgente revitalizar la potencia de ser y actuar de los sujetos. Los modos desujeción perjudiciales pueden ser modificados mediante el ejercicio de la libertad en una estética de laexistencia que es también una ética y una política.
La educación en tiempos del COVID desde la epistemología social de Thomas Popkewitz
Authors: Oviedo Oviedo Marlon Alexis
Published: July 2021

Este artículo interpreta, desde la epistemología social, la actividad educativa ecuatoriana durante laCOVID-19. Desde esta teoría/metodología desarrollada por el académico estadounidense Thomas Popkewitz se busca comprender el momento educativo de la educación ecuatoriana, inscrita en la dinámica impuesta por la pandemia. Se estudia cómo se agudizan, se hacen más visibles o pierden su sutileza diversos conceptos educativos, o de qué manera estos se confirman. Se logra, por un lado, presentar la epistemología social como perspectiva interpretativa de investigación, no tan difundida en nuestro medio. Por otro, estudiar desde sus orientaciones teóricas la influencia del evento sanitario en la educación, contrastando conceptos con manifestaciones problémicas de la educación en pandemia e interpretando la información vertida por docentes, autoridades y comunicadores en medios de comunicación. Se develan los cambios ocurridos en la escolarización, el currículo y el discurso pedagógico al surgir la pandemia. Se reflexiona sobre las alteraciones acaecidas en esos conceptos al mudar de la educación presencial a la educación virtual, así como frente a la introducción de nuevas prácticas y la interrelación de estas con las estructuras existentes y sus reglas. Se presenta la influencia de la psicología educativa en la escolarización, la organización curricular y el discurso pedagógico vinculados a la disciplina, al currículo, la evaluación y encargada de lograr el ajuste exitoso del individuo con su medioambiente.
La función explicativa de la noción de representación interna
Authors: Bernache Maldonado Fabián
Published: July 2021

El objetivo de este trabajo es presentar una objeción a uno de los principios centrales de la Teoría Representacional de la Mente (TRM): la idea de que la noción de representación interna tiene una función primordial en la explicación de la actividad cognitiva. De acuerdo con la TRM, la vida cognitiva de un organismo consiste esencialmente en la formación, procesamiento y almacenamiento de representaciones internas. Tales representaciones son vistas como objetos o eventos concretos capaces de influir causalmente en los procesos cognitivos de los organismos. Expuesta en forma de dilema, la objeción pretende mostrar las dificultades inherentes a la postulación de representaciones internas, dada la manera en que estas representaciones y su operación han sido concebidas en el marco mismo de la TRM. La cuestión que introduce al dilema es: ¿en virtud de qué propiedades una representación interna influye en la actividad cognitiva de un organismo? Dos respuestas son posibles: en virtud de sus propiedades representacionales o en virtud de sus propiedades no representacionales. En la sección 1 se mostrarán las consecuencias problemáticas de cada una de estas respuestas y en la sección 2 se discutirán dos ejemplos que ilustran estas dificultades. El resultado del dilema es que la noción de representación interna es incapaz de satisfacer la función explicativa que le ha sido asignada por la propia TRM.
The fluctuation-dissipation theorem and the autocorrelation function of thermal radiation
Authors:   Novosibirsk State Technical University, Russian Federation, Krasnopevtsev Evgeniy
Published: July 2021

A new relatively simple derivation of the fluctuation-dissipation theorem (FDT) is presented. The generalized coordinate of the system is changed by an external force and is expressed by means of causal susceptibility, its Fourier transform – the transfer function, generalized impedance and active resistance. These characteristics describe heat dissipation on the resistor and the result is generalized to the dissipative system which is under the action of macroscopic force. The fluctuation voltage on the resistor is obtained by decomposing the thermal chaotic motion of free charges along the conductor into a Fourier series. The number of standing waves and the average energy of the quantum oscillation state at a fixed temperature give the thermal power of charge transfer. By comparing with the Joule-Lenz law and by generalizing the result to an arbitrary isothermal system, the mean square of the fluctuating force and dispersion of the generalized coordinate caused by the thermal motion are obtained. The autocorrelation functions of the generalized coordinate and the random force, and their spectral densities are expressed through the considered characteristics. The content of FDT is that the power of heat release, the spectral densities of the fluctuating force and the autocorrelation are proportional to the imaginary part of the transfer function of the system. The result is used for thermal radiation in a cavity the walls of which contain electric dipoles excited by thermal motion. The transfer function, the fluctuating force acting on the charge, the dispersion of the electric field strength, time autocorrelation of the electric field strength and its spectral density are obtained. Real and imaginary components, the modulus and phase are found for complex relative autocorrelation of the electric field strength and the coherence time is determined.
Sine waves frequency identification system modeling based on artificial network operation
Authors:   Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education “K.G. Razumovsky Moscow State University of Technologies and Management”, Russian Federation, Piotrovskii Dmitri ,   University of Mediterranean Karpasia, Lefkosa, Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus, Kukolev Alexander ,   Kuban State Technological University, Krasnodar, Russian Federation, Podgornyi Sergei ,   Kuban State Technological University, Krasnodar, Russian Federation
Published: July 2021

Sine wave contribution can be observed in many casual periodic processes- starting with nature and finishing with complex hand-made processes like social, economic, technical and biological. This sphere of science have been staying under strict society attention thus having promoted and developed different theories, based on discrete Fourier transform, least squares methods and so on. Technical problem in question can be represented by the list of different processes of wave nature, e.g. sound and light occurrence, wave motion of different mediums. One of the most actual problems in question examples is marine sine wave impact identification for the marine ship main engine speed of rotation adjustment– the process, where control object inevitably is subject to load impact fluctuations. Especially evident this object can be concerned for the Northern Sea Route area, where climate severity is next to the states freights turnover increase desire. In this case marine main engine speed of rotation adjustment without specific control algorithm can be considered to be ineffective because of efficiency drops, increased parts and facilities run-outs. That is why, due to neural networks integration trend into industry processes, we tried to attempt building a separate neural network for defining the frequency of a noisy low-frequency sine wave. The obtained results [1] proved sine waves frequency identification possibility with the help of artificial network, however accuracy was found to be unacceptable because of sketchy algorithm elaboration and small learning array size.
Compiler from El programing language: improvement and development
Authors:   Novosibirsk State Technical University, Russian Federation, Zelenchuk Nikita , Pristavka Ekaterina ,   Novosibirsk State Technical University, Russian Federation, Maliavko Aleksandr ,   Novosibirsk State Technical University, Russian Federation
Published: July 2021

The implementation of the new multi-paradigm (functionally- imperative) programming language El, developed at the Department of Computer Science of the Novosibirsk State Technical University, in the form of a compiler is associated with the need to find ways to solve a number of complex problems. The current version of the compiler does implement only partially functionality of the language and generates far from optimal executable codes. In this paper, we consider the problem of an efficient compilation of an El-program, taking into account the need to implement new high-level data structures (two-sided lists, vectors with special forms of access, and a number of others) and control structures of the language, which make it possible to uniformly define cyclic and branching computational processes, as well as those laid down in the language a mechanism for explicitly controlling the mutability of variables. The tasks of improving and developing a compiler organized according to the classical multi-platform scheme are briefly considered, in which the front-end (lexical, syntactic, and semantic analyzers) converts the program to be translated into pseudocode of a single format, and used efficient infrastructure for building LLVM compilers as a back-end that turns pseudocode into executable code for different platforms. Execution of all possible operations on elements of high-level data structures (lists, tuples, vectors), as well as on arbitrary-precision numbers, has been moved to the runtime support library and, accordingly, can be deeply optimized. For this structure, the outlined ways of solving the problem of developing and improving the compiler by deep reforming and optimization of the chain of transformations of the translated program implemented by the front-end are formulated. At the initial stage, it is planned to implement a new compiler for two platforms: Linux and Windows.
Aberrant promoter hypermethylation of RAR-β in endometrial carcinoma- an Indian study.
Authors:   Research Scholar, Department of Biochemistry, Kidwai Memorial Institute of Oncology, Bangalore, Karnataka, India, Shivanandappa Nagaratna , Swamy Dr. Shalini N ,   Research Scholar, Department of Biochemistry, Kidwai Memorial Institute of Oncology, Bangalore, Karnataka, India, Kumar S Dr. Sandeep ,   Senior Research Fellow, Department of Biochemistry, Kidwai Memorial Institute of Oncology, Bangalore, Karnataka, India, Sheshadri Dr. Suma ,   Associate Professor Department of Pathology, Kidwai Memorial Institute of Oncology, Bangalore, Karnataka, India, Pallavi Dr. Venkateshaiah Reddihalli ,   Professor, Department of Gynaecology, Kidwai Memorial Institute of Oncology, Bangalore, Karnataka, India, Gawari Dr. Ramesh ,   Professor, Department of Biochemistry, Kidwai Memorial Institute of Oncology, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
Published: July 2021

Endometrial cancer is the seventh most common cancer in women worldwide with an age-standardized rate of 8.4 per 100,000 women. Epigenetic alterations such as promoterhypermethylation of TSGs are known to be early events in carcinogenesis. The aim of the presentstudy, we assessed the aberrant promoter hypermethylation pattern of RAR-β in 78 endometrialcancer samples. Methods: DNA was isolated from endometrial carcinoma samples and normaltissues and aberrant promoter hypermethylation was assessed using nested and methylation-specificPCR. The Chi-square test was used for statistical analysis and a p-value<0.05 was considered to bestatistically significant. Results: 40 of the 78 (51.28%) endometrial carcinoma samples showedaberrant hypermethylation of the RAR-β gene. Methylation status in each histological subtype, gradeand stage of the disease was also assessed. Conclusion: Aberrant hypermethylation is an importantearly epigenetic alteration that occurs during tumorigenesis. The Data shown here reports thatpromoter hypermethylation of RAR-β occurs in endometrial carcinoma and therefore could be usedas a potential marker for early diagnosis and prognosis of the disease.
Dosimetric comparison of radiotherapy treatment plans done by IMRT and VMAT technique in head and neck cancer patients
Authors:   Junior Resident, Department of Radiation Oncology, Shri Ram Murti Institute of Medical Sciences, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India, Aparajeeta Dr. Aparajeeta , Mehta Dr. Ankita ,   Senior Resident, Department of Radiation Oncology, Shri Ram Murti Institute of Medical Sciences, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India, Silambarasan Mr. N.S. ,   Assistant Professor cum Medical Physicist, Department of Radiation Oncology, Shri Ram Murti Institute of Medical Sciences, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India, Kumar Dr. Piyush ,   Professor and Head, Department of Radiation Oncology, Shri Ram Murti Institute of Medical Sciences, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
Published: July 2021

Background: The increasing patient load in radiotherapy centres demands selection of thetechnique that provides plans with optimal dosimetry in terms of target volume coverage, organs atrisk (OAR) sparing and a lesser treatment time. This study was designed to compare the two widelypractised conformal techniques, IMRT and VMAT in head and neck cancer patients in terms ofplanning target volume (PTV) coverage, OAR sparing and treatment delivery parameters. Materialsand methods: For ten postoperative head and neck cancer patients who had been treated by IMRTtechnique virtual VMAT plans were generated for study purposes. The dose prescribed to PTV was 60Gy in 30 fractions. The dose-volume parameters of PTV and OARs and the treatment deliveryparameters were compared amongst both the techniques. Statistical significance was calculatedusing paired ‘t’ test. Results: Both the plans were comparable in terms of dosimetry. The onlysignificant difference being better conformity in the IMRT plans. The dose to OARs was alsocomparable in both the techniques except for a significant reduction in the point dose to brainstemwith the IMRT technique. Given the treatment delivery parameters, there was a significant reductionin the treatment delivery time and monitor units with the VMAT technique compared to the IMRTtechnique. Conclusion: VMAT technique gave comparable plans to that of the IMRT technique interms of dosimetry but reduced the treatment time. It seems feasible in radiotherapy centres withincreased patient load.
The Problems of School Administrators Scale
Authors: Bozkus Kivanc
Published: July 2021

In the research conducted with the survey design, data were collected from 709 school administrators to develop the problems of school administrators scale. In this study, a theoretical framework was created according to the findings of the relevant studies and the scale of determining the problems of school administrators was developed. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were done. According to the results, the problems of school administrators scale is a valid and reliable data collection tool that consists of 44 items and 8 dimensions. The scale can determine the problems of school administrators related to workload, personal rights, school administration, school climate, respect, education system, organizational commitment, and violence. With the Problems of School Administrators Scale, the level of problems can be determined and necessary measures can be taken. If the scale can be applied in different regions at the same time, comparisons between regions can be made and attempts can be made to ensure equal opportunity.
Two-sample Tests for Functional Data Using Characteristic Functions
Authors: Krzyśko Mirosław , Smaga Łukasz
Published: July 2021

In this paper, we consider the two-sample problem for univariate and multivariate functional data. To solve this problem, we use tool of characteristic function and a basis function representation of functional data. We construct test statistics for conformity of distributions based on a weighted distance between characteristic functions of random vectors obtained in basis representation. Different weight functions result in different test statistics, whose distributions are approximated by permutation method. Testing procedures are implemented in the R program and the code is available. Simulation study shows good finite sample properties of proposed methods, while real data example illustrates the application of them.
ESP-block in thoracic surgery: a case report
Authors: Stukalov Anatoliy V. , Lakhin Roman E. , Ershov Evgeniy N.
Published: July 2021

This report presents a clinical case of combined anesthesia in a patient with videothoracoscopic atypical resection of the right lung. In the operating room, the patient underwent ultrasound-assisted blockade in the plane of the m. erector spinae (ESP block) using 20 mL of 0.375% levobupivacaine solution, after which general anesthesia was induced. Opioid consumption per surgery was 0.3 mg of fentanyl. In the postoperative period, high-quality multimodal pain relief was achieved without the use of opioids. Within 7 h after the operation, the patient could actively expectorate with minimal discomfort. The article demonstrates the possibility of the effective application of the ESP block to reduce the risk of respiratory complications during lung surgery and to prevent the development of neuropathic post-thoracotomy pain syndrome.
Treatment of hypotension during neuraxial anesthesia for cesarean section: clinical guidelines
Authors: Kulikov Alexander V. , Shifman Efim M. , Ronenson Alexander M. , Ovezov Alexey M.
Published: July 2021

The guidelines contain information on the prevention and treatment of arterial hypotension during cesarean section under neuraxial anesthesia. Vasopressors, elastic compression of lower extremities, co-infusion of crystalloids, low doses of local anesthetics, lateral position, and ondansetron are proposed. A positive effect is achieved only through the joint application of preventive measures.
Incidencia De Factores Clínicos Y Sociodemográficos De Hemorragia Postparto En Pacientes Atendidas En El Hospital Niño Jesús En Barranquilla. Enero 2017-Enero 2018
Authors: Bolaños Marcos , Ferrer Linda , Martínez Juan Carlos
Published: July 2021

Objetivo: Determinar la incidencia Factores Clínicos Y Sociodemográficos relacionados con Hemorragia post parto en las puérperas atendidas en el servicio de Gineco-obstetricia Del Hospital Niño Jesús de la ciudad de Barranquilla. Materiales y métodos: Estudio descriptivo, de corte transversal y retrospectivo. La muestra estuvo constituida por el total de la población que tuvieron parto vaginal y cesárea (5384) se reclutaron un total de 280 pacientes lo que equivale al 5.2%, se excluyeron del estudio la diferencia de 5104 debido a que no cumplieron con los criterios de inclusión y/o falta de información que presentaron hemorragias postparto inmediato atendidas en el Hospital Niño Jesús de Barranquilla, la cual fue escogida a través de un muestreo no probabilístico por conveniencia y los resultados obtenidos de la revisión documental de los expedientes de las pacientes entre enero 2017 a enero 2018. Resultados: La edad avanzada de las pacientes, se considera un factor de riesgo asociado a las hemorragias posparto, evidenciándose en un 70% entre las edades de 30 a 47 años. Con respecto a los factores sociodemográficos como el estado civil, se observó que predominó la unión libre con 47% y en la ocupación, el 79% de las pacientes son amas de casa. La gesta es un factor importante de las pacientes, se evidenció que el 80% ya han tenido más de 3 partos anteriores. Conclusiones: El control prenatal durante el embarazo es de vital importancia para evitar hemorragias pospartos, permitiendo identificar tempranamente factores de riesgo, signos y síntomas de peligro y atender las complicaciones de manera oportuna.
Clinico-epidemiology and assessment of folate and vitamin B12 status in severe acute malnourished children: a hospital-based observational study in the rural area of Uttar Pradesh
Authors: Verma Divya , Singh Sunil Kumar , Ziauddin M. , Kumari Rinki
Published: July 2021

Background: Severe acute malnutrition (SAM) is a serious health problem in children in India. Vitamin B12 and folate are crucial micronutrients along with others required for rapid growth and development during infancy and early childhood, whereas their deficiencies contribute to malnutrition. The study aimed to evaluate iron, folate and vitamin B12 status in hospitalized SAM children aged between 6-59 months and their clinical, epidemiological profile.Methods: A hospital-based observational study on 159 children with SAM in the age group 6-59 months who were enrolled in the study based on anthropometric indicators after written informed consent from parents. The clinical, demographic profile and pertinent details of each patient were collected using standardized proforma and the blood samples were collected. Serum ferritin level was done in all anaemia cases, while vitamin B12 and folic acid (FA) were done only in children with macrocytic or dimorphic anaemia. For statistical analysis, SPSS 20.0 software was used.Results: Mean age of admitted children was 23.77±13.95 months belonging mainly to lower socioeconomic scale and joint families with preferential vegetarian diet. 39.62% SAM patients were between 6-12 months of age at the time of admission. The most common associated infections were GI infections (gastrointestinal tract) in 52.20%. Out of all cases, 93.71% of SAM patients were anaemic. 39.59% cases had macrocytic anaemia followed by microcytic anaemia in 30.20%. Of the 91 cases with macrocytic/dimorphic anaemia (based on MCV and morphology), vitamin B12 and FA levels were done, 92.30% and 61.53% had a deficiency of vitamin B12 and FA, respectively. Overall out of all admitted patients, 52.83% of SAM children had vitamin B12 deficiency and folate deficiency was found in 35.22% of children.Conclusions: SAM children had a high prevalence of vitamin B12 and folate deficiency. Efforts should be made to prevent deficiency of such micronutrients in pregnant and breastfeeding mothers and their infants. Treatment can affect a child's prognosis.
A hospital based cross sectional study on subclinical hypothyroidism in females over fifty years of age and its relation to hypertension, diabetes mellitus and ischemic heart disease at a tertiary care hospital, Hyderabad
Authors: Palakurthi Arun Kumar , Alam Krishna Chaitanya
Published: July 2021

Background: Prevalence of subclinical hypothyroidism is more common in females compared to males and elderly age group. More studies are required to throw light on these aspects especially among elderly women with subclinical hypothyroidism and its association with prevalence of hypertension, diabetes and ischemic heart disease (IHD) among these women. The objective was to study prevalence of subclinical hypothyroidism among elderly females and its relation with the diabetes, hypertension and IHD.Methods: Hospital based cross-sectional study was carried out among 178 women of 50 years and more. Detailed history, clinical examination and routine investigations were carried out. Free T4, free T3 and TSH (thyroid stimulating hormone) levels were measured using electro chemiluminescent method. Presence of hypertension, diabetes mellitus, IHD was noted.Results: Prevalence of subclinical hypothyroidism was 24.7% and more in 61-70 years (38.5%). In 55% of the women the symptoms were absent. The most common symptom was fatigability and constipation. The prevalence of IHD among women with subclinical hypothyroidism was 22.7% compared to only 7.5% in women without subclinical hypothyroidism and this difference was found to be statistically significant (p<0.05). For hypertension and diabetes, it was observed that the prevalence of these two conditions was slightly more in women without subclinical hypothyroidism but the difference was not found to be statistically significant (p>0.05).Conclusions: Prevalence of subclinical hypothyroidism in the elderly women was high. Subclinical hypothyroidism was found to be significantly associated with IHD but not with hypertension and diabetes.
Trustful Voters, Trustworthy Politicians: A Survey Experiment on the Influence of Social Media in Politics
Authors: Aruguete Natalia , Calvo Ernesto , Scartascini Carlos , Ventura Tiago
Published: July 2021

Recent increases in political polarization in social media raise questions about the relationship between negative online messages and the decline in political trust around the world. To evaluate this claim causally, we implement a variant of the well-known trust game in a survey experiment with 4,800 respondents in Brazil and Mexico. Our design allows to test the effect of social media on trust and trustworthiness. Survey respondents alternate as agents (politicians) and principals (voters). Players can cast votes, trust others with their votes, and cast entrusted votes. The players rewards are contingent on their preferred “candidate” winning the election. We measure the extent to which voters place their trust in others and are themselves trustworthy, that is, willing to honor requests that may not benefit them. Treated respondents are exposed to messages from in-group or out-group politicians, and with positive or negative tone. Results provide robust support for a negative effect of uncivil partisan discourse on trust behavior and null results on trustworthiness. The negative effect on trust is considerably greater among randomly treated respondents who engage with social media messages. These results show that engaging with messages on social media can have a deleterious effect on trust, even when those messages are not relevant to the task at hand or not representative of the actions of the individuals involved in the game.
Criminal cases of local residents of Komi region accused of insulting the royal family (Based on SARF's materials)
Authors: Osipov Roman
Published: July 2021

The article deals with "The Penal Code – the first сriminal сode in the history of Russia, provided the criminal responsibility for insulting the ruling dynasty (article 246). The criminal cases of the residents of Komi region (namely Ust–Sysolsky Uyezd), who broke the law in the above-mentioned article are anylized in this article. This article based on SARF’s materials.
The Political Theory of F. Guizot on the Nature of Power and the Opposition on the Example of Elections to the State Duma in 2016
Authors: Gritsay Vladislav
Published: July 2021

The article analyzes the political theory of F.Gizo about the nature of power and opposition, about their mutual relations with each other and with the population. The author tries to consider this theory in the context of elections to the Russian Parliament in 2016.
On moral aspects of adaptive behavior of artificial agents
Authors: Karpov Valery
Published: July 2021

This article describes a model of a social agent, whose behavior can be stated in terms of basic moral mechanisms and norms. Morality is considered here as a flexible adaptive mechanism that allows agents to vary behavior depending on the environment conditions. The control system of the social agent is based on the "emotion-requirement" architecture. Together with the mechanisms of imitative behavior and the identification of other observable agents with the subjective "Me" concept, this architecture allows to interpret the agent's behavior in terms of empathy, sympathy, and friend-foe relationships. Experiments with this model are described, the main variable parameter of which was the tendency to sympathy. The objective of the experiments was to determine the dependence of the group "well-being" indicators on their altruism. The results obtained are quite consistent with the well-known sociological conclusions, which made it possible to say that the proposed behavioral models and architecture of agents are adequate to intuitive ideas about the role and essence of morality. Thus, the possibility of transition in this area from abstract humanitarian reasoning to constructive schemes and models of adaptive behavior of artificial agents was demonstrated.
Using Big Data in Social Science - Perspectives and Limitations
Authors: Gurov Oleg
Published: July 2021

The article provides an overview of the development of big data technologies in terms of the potential of their use in the study of social processes. The development of these technologies makes it necessary to transform the usual methods of scientific research and revise the models of social reality. To meet the demands of the modern world, the researcher needs to adopt digital tools. However, the relevance of the stated topic is not limited solely to the possibilities, since the use of digital technologies in the study of society is associated with many risks that can lead to negative consequences. Speaking about the sphere of big data, it is important to remember that one of the main risks is the violation of the rights and freedoms of other people, therefore, a researcher of social processes must understand and assess the consequences of his actions, guided, first of all, by ethical norms that allow the use of new technologies for the public. the benefits and suppression of the threats of a technogenic society. The authors propose to consider the complex of risks associated with the use of big data technologies, and also present their own approach to their systematization and classification.
Healing Through Remembering
Authors: Farinango Eli
Published: July 2021

Healing Through Remembering es una serie fotográfica en la que Eli Farinango emprende un viaje de sanación y encuentro con sus ancestros. Es una historia íntima que se teje entre las conversaciones con sus abuelas, entre emociones y dolor. La familia de Eli migró a Canadá cuando ella tenía nueve años. Eli creció entre idas y venidas, a medio camino siempre entre pertenecer y no pertenecer. En este trabajo, escuchamos a Eli conversar con ella misma, con los suyos y con nosotrxs. La vemos buscarse y encontrarse en tres lenguas, en distintos territorios y siempre en ella.
Правовые проблемы участия хозяйственных партнерств в гражданском обороте
Authors: Небиеридзе Д.Н. , Кужильний Г.В.
Published: July 2021

В данной статье проведен правовой анализ хозяйственных партнерств как одной из категории юридических лиц. Определяются основы участия хозяйственных партнерств в гражданском обороте в РФ. Кроме того, выделяются проблемы, связанные с определением правового статуса хозяйственных партнерств как участников гражданского общества, и предлагаются возможные пути выхода из данных проблем. Безусловно, данная тема актуальна в настоящее время. Результаты данного исследования позволяют углубить познания.
Женская преступность: состояние и тенденции
Authors: Портянко Е.М.
Published: July 2021

В статье рассмотрены статистические показатели женской преступности за последние десятилетие. Приведен анализ количественных и качественных характеристик женской преступности. В заключении автором предпринимается попытка выявить основные тенденции развития женской преступности на современном этапе.
Расстройства пищевого поведения и EMDR
Authors: Валлис И.
Published: July 2021

В статье рассматривается понятие пищевого поведения, проявление и причины пищевых нарушений.
В.П. Некрасов. Повесть «В окопах Сталинграда» Поэтика Способы повествования. Андрей Платонов о повести «В окопах Сталинграда»
Authors: Серафимова В.Д.
Published: July 2021

Повесть «В окопах Сталинграда» передает непосредственные впечатления автора, участника обороны Сталинграда, офицера саперного батальона. В точных, художественно убедительных подробностях повествуется о рядовых защитниках города от наступающих фашистов --- не дать «спихнуть» себя в Волгу», выиграть битву за Сталинград. «В самом изображении наших воинов автор сумел раскрыть тайну нашей победы» - напишет Андрей Платонов в одном из первых и лучших анализов повести. В точных, художественно убедительных батальных, бытовых подробностях создается общая панорама фронтовых сражений, из которых складывается главная идея повести. Книга Виктора Некрасова повествует о силе духа русского солдатаинтернационалиста, заявленной перед всемирной историей и перед человечеством.
Французские писатели о СССР к. 1920-х – сер. 1930-х гг.: по воспоминаниям путешественников
Authors: Платонова Т.В.
Published: July 2021

Исследование направлено на изучение материалов путешествий французских писателей в СССР в к. 1920- сер. 1930-х гг. Выявлен образ советской страны в представлениях французских авторов. Показаны усилия советского руководства по созданию благоприятного образа советской страны на Западе. Показаны достижения и недостатки строительства нового общества в восприятии французов.
К вопросу обоснования основных постулатов философии
Authors: Чумаков В.А.
Published: July 2021

В докладе показано, что теоретический вопрос о порядке возникновении материи и сознания, поставленным основным вопросом философии, разрешѐн исследованиями астрофизиками в пользу первичности материи. Предложен новый свод обоснованных положений – постулатов, закрепляющий и направляющий дальнейшее развитие философии в изучении природы и социума.
Functional Morphology of Goblet Cells of the Small Intestine under the Influence of Various Factors
Authors: Sharapov I. Yu. , Kvaratskheliiya A. G. , Bolgucheva M. B. , Korotkikh K. N.
Published: July 2021

The gastrointestinal tract is constantly exposed to various physical and chemical factors. In the intestine, the contact of bacteria and the epithelium largely depends on mucus, which mainly consists of highly glycosylated mucin-2 secreted by goblet cells in the epithelium. Goblet cells are located along the entire length of the small and large intestine and are responsible for the production and maintenance of a protective layer of mucus through the synthesis and secretion of high-molecular glycoproteins known as mucins. The article presents data on the embryogenesis of the small intestine in general and goblet cells, in particular, a literary review of the role of goblet cells in the morphology of the intestinal tract, the functional aсtivity of their secretion is carried out. Due to the unique nature of this highly polarized exocrine cell, the cellular mechanisms by which goblet cells  secrete their products are discussed.
Charakterystyka ruchu turystycznego w parkach narodowych Karpat Zachodnich - typy funkcjonalne parków
Authors: Krakowiak Beata
Published: July 2021

Artykuł dotyczy funkcji turystycznej pięciu parków narodowych znajdujących się w Karpatach Zachodnich. Za podstawowy miernik tej funkcji uznany został ruch turystyczny i jego elementy - wielkość, sezonowość, cechy społeczno-demograficzne, zasięg przestrzenny, częstotliwość i motywy przyjazdów, długość pobytu. W podsumowaniu autorka podejmuje próbę określenia typów funkcjonalnych parków narodowych tworzących badaną grupę.
​​Impact of Trace Minerals Supplement on Reproductive Performance of Crossbred Cattle
Authors: Kumar Dheeraj , Bhosale Tushar Rajendra , Kumar Mahendra , Paswan V.K. , Kumar Keshav , Nagori Anjali
Published: July 2021

Background: In lactating animals, the majority of factors like nutrient intake, physiological health, housing management and atmospheric conditions affect reproductive performance of the animal. In dairy animals the main factor affecting reproduction is nutrition status that too trace minerals. So to have a good return from the livestock trace minerals with balanced feeding of the animals must be done. Optimum feeding of minerals with respect to the various stages of reproductive life cycle must be done to increase the reproductive performance. Methods: Hence, present research trial was carried out at the Dairy farm of Banaras Hindu University, Dist. Varanasi (Uttar Pradesh). 24 Cross bred (Sahiwal × HF) non-cyclic, non-pregnant cattle, ranging 3 - 6 years of age were randomly selected to assess the role of trace minerals in fertility of infertile cows. Result: It is observed from the study, total 24 infertile crossbred cows were selected to induce oestrus taken for correction of anoestrosity with incorporated minerals. Total 8 out of 24 animals exhibited oestrus symptoms after the treatment. Among the animals received incorporated mineral (treatment group) 50% showed the oestrus symptoms. Among the animals under control 16.66% came into heat.
Use of Zip Code Based Aggregate Indicators to Assess Race Disparities in COVID-19
Authors: Long Kevin D. , Albert Steven M.
Published: July 2021

Objective: In the first six months of the pandemic, information on race and ethnic­ity was missing for half of the US COVID-19 cases. Combining case ascertainment with census-based zip code indicators may iden­tify COVID-19 race-ethnicity disparities in the absence of individual-level data.Design: Ecological retrospective study for the period March-July 2020.Setting: Population-based investigation, Al­legheny County, Pennsylvania.Participants: All COVID-19 cases, adjusted for zip code area population, in the early period of the pandemic.Main Outcome Measures: Monthly COVID-19 incidence and requests for hu­man services by zip code level indicators of race-ethnicity and poverty.Results: In the early period of the pan­demic, COVID-19 incidence was higher in zip codes with a greater proportion of racial and ethnic minorities. Zip codes with the highest quartile of minority residents (>25.1% of population) had a COVID-19 incidence of 60.1 (95% CI: 51.7-68.5) per 10,000 in this period; zip codes with the lowest quartile of minority residents (<6.3%) had an incidence of 31.3 (95% CI: 14.4-48.2). Requests for human services during this period (volume of 211 calls and county services) confirm these disparities.Conclusion: Use of census-defined race-ethnicity proportions by zip code offers a way to identify disparities when individual race-ethnicity data are unavailable.Ethn Dis. 2021;31(3):399-406; doi:10.18865/ed.31.3.399