bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mitigation measures for the impact of hydrotechnical works in Răstoliţa River, Romania on Hucho hucho species
Authors: Deák G. , Georgeta T. , Lucian L. , Monica M. , Mădălina B. , Elena H. , Isabela S. , Hashim Nur Anira Asyikin
Published: November 2024

Hucho hucho habitats in the Răstoliţa River, Romania are under the pressure of anthropic activities, the most significant impact coming from hydrotechnical works implemented in the river started in the ‘80s. In the context of further development of the hydropower system, mitigation measures must be taken in order to ensure the conservation of ichthyofauna habitats, especially for Hucho hucho, a critically endangered species in Romania. Based on available data regarding the fish specimens’ presence and specific local hydromorphological and hydrodynamic conditions, a scientific-based tailored impact mitigation measures set for the conservation of Hucho hucho habitats is proposed for the Răstoliţa dam downstream area. By using hydraulic modelling and hydrological statistics, 12 monthly discharge values ranging from 1.00 to 1.80 m3/s have been determined as echohydrograph minimum values to be spilled by the Răstoliţa dam, with an additional 0.5 m3/s to be provided for April and May in order to ensure the conditions for the spring-cleaning phenomena. The proposed set of measures aims to mitigate the negative impact of the planned hydrotechnical works on the conservation of species of community interest, especially Hucho hucho.
Physical and Rheological Properties of Coconut Waste Modified Bitumen
Authors: Hashim Wardati , Mohd Johari Aina Farzhana Juani , Kamaluddin Noor Azreena , Zainuddin Nor Izzah , Noh Nur Ilya Farhana Md , Shaffie Ekarizan
Published: November 2024

Numerous modifications have been made to bitumen to improve its durability and performance. This study aims to enhance bitumen by evaluating the physical and rheological properties of bitumen modified with coconut waste. The study develops bitumen samples modified with varying lengths and fiber content of coconut waste as a sustainable material. The samples were evaluated for rheological behavior using modern testing methods like the Dynamic Shear Rheometer (DSR) and Rolling Thin Film Oven (RTFO). F indings shows the penetration value decrease and the softening point increase with higher coconut waste content, suggesting the modified bitumen is more prone to deformation. The complex modulus G* increase significantly to 3872Pa for the 1% coconut fiber modified bitumen and 9771Pa for 1% coconut powder modified bitumen as compared to the control sample (3431Pa), indicating prospective higher resistance to rutting. In conclusion, modified with coconut waste, bitumen exhibits enhanced flexibility and reduced susceptibility to temperature-related issues. Unlike conventional bitumen, which often suffers from rutting and thermal cracking, this modified version shows improved resistance against shear stresses at elevated temperatures and retains greater flexibility in colder conditions.
Assessing the Efficacy of Magnesium Hydroxide and Aluminium Hydroxide in Enhancing Flame Retardancy of Natural Fiber
Authors: Nizam Nurul Syafiqah Mohamad , Izhar Tengku Nuraiti Tengku , Saad Farah Naemah Mohd , Zakarya Irnis Azura , Holban E. , Sadica Isabela , Enache Natalia
Published: November 2024

Natural fiber panels have gained attention as sustainable alternatives in various applications, including construction and interior design. Although these fibres are highly valued for their environmental sustainability and acoustic advantages, they are inherently flammable. These panels, when subjected to fire or high-temperature conditions, pose significant safety risks due to their flammability and potential for rapid combustion. This study evaluates the efficacy of various synthetic additives in enhancing the flame retardancy of natural fiber panels. The panels were made by mixing the natural fiber with polyester resin and additives. The experimental setup includes standard fire tests such as ASTM D635 Horizontal Burning and ASTM D3801 Vertical Burning Test. The results show that rice husk demonstrates a slower burning rate when combined with both magnesium hydroxide and aluminium hydroxide, indicating better flame retardancy. Coconut coir outperforms rice husk and sawdust for both magnesium hydroxide and aluminium hydroxide which are 655 s and 640 s respectively in terms of vertical burning. The study showed that magnesium hydroxide is a better flame retardant than aluminium hydroxide. This makes it a promising option for enhancing the fire resistance of natural fiber panels.
The sustainability strategy of a metallurgical company in the context of digitalization
Authors: Gromova Elizaveta A.
Published: November 2024

Digitalization has spread its influence to all aspects of life. It is already difficult to imagine that there are non-digitized processes. In response to the challenges of digitalization, industrial enterprises are increasingly focusing their activities on the implementation of the principles of sustainable development, which provides them with certain competitive advantages. Metallurgy is traditionally considered a conservative industry, but it is one of the most promising industries in terms of digital development. Thus, the goal of the study is to analyze the sustainability strategy of a metallurgical company in the conditions of digitalization. Severstal is one of the most efficient mining and metallurgical companies in the world, creating new products and integrated solutions from steel together with customers and partners. At the beginning of 2023, it published a Strategy for Sustainable Development until 2030 under the general motto “Together towards a sustainable metallurgy of the future”. Severstal has achieved some success in key economic indicators in the field of sustainable development. For example, reduction of gross emissions of pollutants in the air, reducing the intensity of greenhouse gas emissions, achieving an increase in the share of recycled waste, reducing the volume of pollutants discharged into water bodies in excess of permissible discharge standards, improvement in aspects such as occupational safety, industrial safety and working conditions, improving the corporate governance system. It confirms the study about the prospects for the development of the domestic sector of the economy, in particular, the metallurgical industry.
Effects of Coal Desulfurization on Ultimate, Proximate, Calorific Value and Functional Group Transformations
Authors: Ismail Syarifah Nursyimi Azlina Syed , Ismail Khudzir , Alias Azil Bahari , Razi A. , Ishak Mohd Azlan Mohd
Published: November 2024

Coal desulfurization is essential for addressing environmental concerns about air quality, human health, and climate change. In this study, coal treated with potassium carbonate (PC)-ethylene glycol (EG) at a molar ratio of 1:8 for 60 minutes at 30 °C achieved a 40.24 % reduction in sulfur content. The ultimate analysis revealed reductions in carbon, hydrogen, and nitrogen content but an increase in oxygen concentration. The proximate analysis showed a significant decrease in the volatile matter, indicating the transformation of the coal’s aromatic and long-chain hydrocarbons into shorter-chain hydrocarbons. Additionally, the treatment increased the fixed carbon content, suggesting better heat generation during combustion and improved coal quality. Although the proximate analysis has implications for calorific value, the decrease in calorific value for the treated coal was mainly due to the reduction in sulfur content. The Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) detected changes in peak positions for aromatic C=C, thiophene, and organic sulfates. The peaks for thiophene and organic sulfates showed a shift to higher wavenumbers, indicating that the PC: EG mixture effectively removed sulfur from coal. This study demonstrates a promising approach towards meeting the safety and environmental targets outlined in the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development.
The Development of Food Waste Management in Universiti Malaysia Perlis
Authors: Zakarya Irnis Azura , Dzahran Nur Uzma , Izhar Tengku Nuraiti Tengku , Amat Roshazita Che , Isa Mohd Firdaus Mohd
Published: November 2024

Due to changing lifestyles and population expansion, food waste is currently on the rise. A large amount of food waste can lead to a number of issues, including those that impact the environment and public health and are caused by ineffective food waste management. The objective of this study was to determine physical and chemical properties of manual composting and composting machine. Two methods for composting to manage the food waste produced such as manual composting bin and composting machine were conducted. Firstly, temperature results obtained for manual composting is 33°C while composting machine is 56°C. However, nitrogen results obtained for manual composting and composting machine are 1.4 % and 2.1 % while phosphorus result obtained for manual composting and composting machine are 4.5 mg/L and 4.23 mg/L. After that, for potassium results obtained for manual composting and composting machine are 3.02 mg/L and 2.2 mg/L. Lastly, the best method to manage food waste is manual composting based on data analysis, manual composting achieved the most optimal range for all parameters and making the best compost in this research compare to composting machine. Food waste generation rate for 8 cafeteria per week is 0.079 kg/capita/week and 28.96 kg/capita/year for a year.
Assessing The Photocatalytic Activity of Zno/Ha Composites Obtained Through an Advanced Mechano-Chemical Grinding Method
Authors: Gheorghe Florina-Diana , Ştefan Larisa-Mădălina , Dumitrescu Cristina , Matei M. , Boboc M. , Rahim Nur Liza
Published: November 2024

Wastewater treatment is crucial for the removal of pollutants and microorganisms from wastewater generated by human activities, but the traditional approach of treating contaminated water presents several drawbacks. A continuously developing solution is the use of materials with photocatalytic properties involving an advanced oxidation process (AOP) due to its efficiency in degrading pollutants without generating harmful byproducts. The development of these metal oxide nanoparticles in an economical, sustainable, and ecologically benign manner is the main challenge facing the entire planet. As a result, hydroxyapatite and zinc oxide were combined in different ratios in a ball-mill for 30 min at 400 rpm to create composites that can be activated under solar radiation (UV). Their photocatalytic activity was evaluated for the degradation of an organic pollutant (methyl orange). The ZnO/HA composites demonstrate significant potential for use in AOPs due to its high efficiency in degrading organic pollutants under UV light, achieving a 99% degradation efficiency of methyl orange after 3h of exposure. The proposed simple approach leads to the development of efficient, low-cost filtering composites.
Comparison of Optimized Production of Palm Oil Waste Biochar with Response Surface Methodology for Cement Replacement Application
Authors: Aman Aan Mohammad Nusrat , Selvarajoo Anurita , Laua Teck Leong , Chen Wei-Hsin
Published: November 2024

Rising carbon emissions from cement production have drawn attention to the need for sustainable alternatives, as cement is a widely used building material. This has led to increased research into cement replacements, which can enhance the mechanical properties of mortar composites. In Malaysia, the growing palm oil industry has generated abundant palm waste, such as palm kernel shells and empty fruit bunches, making them viable candidates for biochar production. This study used response surface methodology to optimize the production of biochar from empty fruit bunches for potential use as a cement replacement. The pyrolysis parameters investigated included temperature, heating rate, and residence time, with responses measured in terms of biochar yield and chemical composition (carbon, oxygen, potassium, and silicon content). The optimal parameters were 455 °C, 15 °C/min, and 20 minutes, resulting in a biochar yield of 37%, along with 71.98% carbon, 23.40% oxygen, 0.61% potassium, and 3.68% silicon. These results were compared to biochar produced from palm kernel shells under similar conditions, underscoring the importance of selecting appropriate biomass for effective cement replacement. Ultimately, this research supports waste management in the palm oil industry and promotes sustainable construction practices.
Impact of Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) powder ingestion on growth rate and length of Oreochromis niloticus - A Preliminary Study
Authors: Sadîca Isabela , Matei Monica , Boboc Mădălina , Jawdhari Abdulhusein , Cucu George , Stegărescu Sorin , Holban E.
Published: November 2024

Aquatic ecosystems face increasing contamination from plastic pollutants, with Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) being one of the most prevalent. This study investigates the impact of ingested PVC powder particles on the body weight and length of O. niloticus (Nile tilapia), a commercially important fish species and a common inhabitant of freshwater systems worldwide. Groups of Nile tilapia specimens were subjected to different amounts of PVC powder particles, specifically 500 ppm and 1000 ppm. Specimens and water parameters were meticulously observed for 40 days. The control groups were provided with a diet that did not contain any PVC. After exposure, body weight and length were measured every two weeks and compared between the experimental and control groups. Preliminary results suggest a significant correlation between PVC ingestion and alterations in the growth parameters of Nile tilapia. Fish exposed to higher concentrations of PVC exhibited reduced body weight and length compared to the control groups. These findings indicate a potential negative impact of PVC pollution on the growth and development of aquatic organisms, highlighting the urgent need for effective strategies to mitigate plastic pollution in freshwater ecosystems.
Assessing the Level of Implementation of Cost Reduction Techniques on Educational Building Projects in Public Tertiary Institutions in Southwestern Nigeria
Authors: Akinola Gbemisola Ajoke , Fagbenle Olabosipo Ishola , Ogunde Ayodeji Olubunmi
Published: November 2024

In the face of limited financial resources, public tertiary institutions are pressured to optimize expenditure on educational building projects. Effective cost reduction techniques can help bridge the gap between limited budgets and the need for quality infrastructure. This research investigates cost reduction techniques implemented on educational building projects in public tertiary institutions in southwestern Nigeria and its relationship with the type of tertiary institution. A quantitative research method was employed in the study using a questionnaire survey. The building projects considered were those completed between the years 2012-2022. 133 projects from 15 public tertiary institutions in southwestern Nigeria were surveyed using purposive sampling techniques. The mean item score and the Kruskal-Wallis test were employed for data analysis. The findings showed that amongst the 16 various cost reduction techniques investigated, value analysis/engineering, supply chain management, target value design, and budget control were top-ranked and used on many elements of the projects. At the same time, automation and circular economy were the least ranked cost reduction techniques used. The study further showed significant differences in implementing 7 of the techniques in the various tertiary institutions. It is concluded that integrating cost reduction techniques into existing policies and guidelines will facilitate the development of a standardized framework for their implementation across public tertiary institutions, promoting broad adoption and ensuring consistency in their application.
Petrophysical Relationship between Soil Moisture Content and Dielectric Permittivity for Wastewater Landfill Contaminated in Cherang Hangus Soil Using GPR
Authors: Umar Mohd Syuib , Ghazali Mimi Diana , Samad Abd Manan , Zhainon Othman , Zainuddin Khairulazhar , Marzuki Faradina
Published: November 2024

This study focuses on the dielectric permittivity of Cherang Hangus soil, a laterite type known for its water retention and landfill liner applications. By leveraging GPR data alongside empirical models, researchers aim to understand how moisture content influences dielectric permittivity, which is critical for managing wastewater migration in various soil types. The methodology involves simulating landfill conditions using a concrete tank filled with Cherang Hangus soil and solid waste, allowing for detailed monitoring of moisture and GPR scans. The study employs various regression models to predict dielectric permittivity based on moisture content, including linear, logarithmic, and polynomial approaches. Results indicate that more complex models, particularly the third-order polynomial, provide better accuracy in capturing the relationship between moisture content and dielectric permittivity, as evidenced by high R² 0.9883 for 3rd order regression model for Cherang Hangus. The findings underscore the significance of soil composition in predicting dielectric permittivity, highlighting that the high gravel content in Cherang Hangus soil affects moisture retention and, consequently, the accuracy of empirical models.
Development of Eco-friendly Particleboard Composite using Fly Ash
Authors: Rahim Nur Liza , Gordial Veera Vimallen A/L , Arul Jothy Thannuss Krisna A/L , Ibrahim Norlia Mohamad , Irnis Azura Z. , Salehuddin Shamshinar , Rahim Mustaqqim Abdul , Amat Roshazita Che , Sofri Liyana Ahmad , Raluca Prangate , Natalia Enache , Stelian Matei
Published: November 2024

This study explores the development of eco-friendly particleboard composite by integrating fly ash (FA) as a partial substitute for wood particles, aiming to promote resources conservation and sustainability. The physical and mechanical properties of fly ash particleboard (FAPB) were systematically examined. Both FA and wood particles used in this research were sieved through a 2 mm sieve. FAPB samples were produced with FA content at 30%, 40% and 50% as replacement for wood particles. The particleboards were produced in the dimension of 300 mm x 300 mm x 15 mm (thickness). These samples underwent a series of test including density, color, scratch resistance, water absorption, compression and flexural tests. Results revealed that increasing FA content led to a rise in the density of the FAPB. The color tests indicated a darker hue with higher FA content, while scratch resistance and surface durability improved correspondingly. Water absorption tests showed a reduction in water uptake with increased FA replacement. The compression test result demonstrated that the FAPB with 40% FA replacement exhibited the highest compressive strength of 3.49 MPa. However, flexural strength decreased as the FA content increased. This research concludes that, incorporating 40% FA into particleboard creates a sustainable, eco-friendly material and promoting waste reduction.
Investigating the Strength Characteristics of Reinforced Concrete Grouted Sleeve Connections in Seismic Zones
Authors: Naiyuan Cui , Syamsunur Deprizon , Hisyam Muhammad Noor , Muhamad Noor Safwan , Ismail Muhammad Isha , Azahar Muhammad Azrief
Published: November 2024

Four precast columns with vertical grouted splice anchor connection are simulated using the pseudo-static method while the cast-insitu columns are the control group to assess the performance of the precast concrete members having steel sleeve connections. The result showed that the cracking modes of the precast columns and the cast-in-place columns are identical, however, these variations come into play when considering the pattern distribution of fractures. The insitu columns are usually base cracked horizontally and much higher diagonally descending fractures at their sleeves while prefabricated columns experience higher sleeves horizontally cracked followed by descending diagonally high at their bases. Also, additional cracks progress into the beam within a high range of 300 mm that appear on the underside of the beam. The hysteresis curves for prefabricated columns are generally stably shaped, signalling the fact that such structures are prone to dissipate or absorb energy. In addition, the rate at which the stiffness of the prevailed prefabricated specimens reduces is lull compared to the rate at which the stiffness of the wet-cast specimens reduces. A base mold of columns with a minimum displacement angle of 0.55 degrees is used and it is an appropriate displacement ratio for the design of large earthquakes. At the very end this given paper recommends the best way to do the construction of the Earthquake Framework applying precast concrete constituents with the grouted secured joinages.
Compressive Strength of Corn Stalk Ash as Supplementary Cementitious Material in Mortar
Authors: Sulaiman Lusman , Ramadhan R. M. Ernadi , Islami Rizky Citra
Published: November 2024

The availability of agricultural wastes, especially corn stalks, offers sustainability benefits in reducing the demand for cement production. Altering this waste into ash becomes significant for cementitious material. Thus, the study utilized corn stalk ash (CSA) as a partially cementitious material in producing cement mortar. This experimental study aims to understand the compressive strength of CSA mortar samples and their characteristics, such as absorption and their correlation. Compressive strength and absorption tests were performed in the laboratory to specimen control (M0) and partial replacement of CSA to Portland Composite Cement (PCC) at different portions of 5%, 10%, and 15% or M5, M10, and M15 at 7d, 28d, and 56d. Before mixing, we measured cement and fine aggregate (sand) properties with a water-to-binder ratio (w/b) of 0.48, based on the standard reference in producing an ordinary mix mortar. The CSA used came from an agricultural field around central Java known to have good pozzolanic reactivity. Then, the average compressive strength and weight change were measured. The results indicate that the optimum increase in compressive strength of mortar was achieved with a 10 percent CSA replacement, which exhibited 96% enhancement from 7 to 28 days compared to other mixes. In addition, the weight changes of the mortar mix have shown an increase with the CSA replacement through 10 percent at 28 days of curing. Nevertheless, the relation between compressive strength and weight change of specimens shows a low linear relationship.
Artificial Intelligence Prediction Tool for Hydrogen Production from Renewable Energy Aimed at Reducing the Impact on the Environment
Authors: Deák Gyorgy , Ghiţă Octavian Mihai , Monica M. , Dumitrescu Cătălin , Bănică Cosmin-Karl , Noor Norazian Mohamed
Published: November 2024

Hydrogen production from renewable energy sources is a sustainable idea both in the field of energy storage and for environmental protection. Still, the fluctuations of production levels can become an impediment and may attract risks or additional production costs. In order to predict hydrogen production from such sources, an Artificial Intelligence prediction tool was implemented as a measure of control for future forecasts and evolutions. In the reason of resilience for further developments, this tool was made in the LabVIEW programming environment, using the easy but also capable graphical programming language. The results of this work found a periodically fluctuations in the hydrogen production but a general stability of the hydrogen marketplace. Into account of the further development of the clean energy to protect the environment, the use of hydrogen from renewable energy can be found as a good strategy.
Assessing Sustainability Impacts and Paradoxes of Large-Scale Solar Farms in Energy Infrastructure Project
Authors: Ismail Siti Isma Hani Binti , Sinnakaudan Shanker Kumar , Jeffery Keddy Ambau Anak , Zakaria Zulfairul , Seng Loh Yong
Published: November 2024

This study aims to determine the sustainability impact of large-scale solar PV farms and to recommend strategies for their sustainable development. Using a comprehensive assessment framework, we analyzed environmental, economic, and social dimensions through a combination of life cycle assessment (LCA), cost-benefit analysis, and respondent interviews. Our findings reveal that while solar farms significantly reduce greenhouse gas emissions and dependence on fossil fuels, they also pose challenges such as land use conflicts, ecological disruption, and social equity issues. Specifically, the displacement of agricultural land and impacts on local biodiversity emerged as critical concerns. Additionally, although solar farms create jobs and reduce energy costs, these benefits are sometimes offset by high initial investment costs and long-term maintenance. The study underscores the importance of integrated planning and policy-making to address these challenges and enhance the sustainability of solar energy projects. These insights contribute to the broader discourse on balancing renewable energy development with sustainable land and community management practices.
Synergistic Effect Between Empty Fruit Bunch and HDPE on Products Yield and Functional Group Content in Bio-fuels Produced from Co-liquefaction Process Under Supercritical Methanol Condition
Authors: Ani Asnida Yanti , Ali Siti Nurlia , Ibrahim Nur Rahimah , Ahmad Razi , Ismail Khudzir , Mohd Ishak Mohd Azlan
Published: November 2024

Synergism between biomass and plastic waste during co-processing reported to produce higher products yield with enhanced quality which thereby solving the problems of high oxygenated compounds and low yields with high viscosity in oil from its individual processing. However, study on synergistic effect (SE) between these feedstocks is considered lacking. In this study, the SE of co-liquefying empty fruit bunch (EFB) and high-density polyethylene (HDPE) in sc-MeOH was investigated using a high-pressure, high-temperature batch-wise reactor system at 260 °C for 30 minutes and at various EFB-HDPE ratios to determine the best ratio for bio-fuel yield and its functional group content. It was found that 25% EFB:75% HDPE (wt/wt %) provides the most significant SE (≈ 8 wt%) for bio-fuel yield and the most considerable reduction in solid residue formation under the studied conditions. The presence of hydroxyl groups from EFB and aliphatic hydrocarbons from HDPE, along with new carbonyl compounds, further highlights the SE resulting from the combined processing of these materials. The findings suggest that optimizing the ratio of biomass to plastic waste in co-liquefaction can significantly enhance the efficiency and yield of bio-fuels while minimizing waste, providing a promising approach for sustainable energy production and waste management.
Contribution of Natural Lighting in Workspaces to Visual Comfort Improving User Productivity
Authors: Vicaningrum Ingrid , Marcillia Syam Rachma
Published: November 2024

Visual comfort is an essential aspect of workspace interior design, especially architecture studios where creativity and productivity can affect the health and well-being of users. Poor visual conditions can lead to eyestrain, headaches, and decreased work productivity. This study the factors that affect visual comfort in architecture studio workspaces against user perceptions. This research method uses SketchUp simulation experiments, VR (Virtual Reality), and questionnaires to determine the user’s response to visual comfort in the architecture studio workspace. The variables used in this evaluation look at the amount of light entering, window openings (WWR), wall materials and colors, perceptions of visual comfort, and work productivity. The results showed that natural lighting plays an important role in creating visual comfort, with the right lighting intensity, so that it has a positive impact on user health. In addition, the use of bright wall colors such as white and orange tends to make a positive contribution to the user’s visual environment which can directly improve work performance and productivity. This study proves that workspace design with the right lighting and color selection can have a positive visual impact on users with sustainable lighting distribution techniques and methods.
Development of an Innovative Hydrogen Production Solution for Use in the Field of Environmental Protection
Authors: Deák Gyorgy , Diaconu Teodor , Monica M. , Laslo Lucian , Sara Y. Y.
Published: November 2024

The European Union has marked out various targets to achieve climate neutrality by 2050, one of which includes reducing CO2 emissions and the impact of climate change, through a transition to green energy and contributing to the EU targets on the production of an annual hydrogen capacity of 1 million tons by 2025 and 10 million tons by 2030. In this context, the paper analyses the water quality restrictions used for the electrolyser supply, facilitating the placement of a hydrogen installation near any source of water. Renewable energy sources will be used simultaneously to obtain hydrogen production efficiency. The suggested technology offers a decarbonized solution in the protected wetlands regions’ naval sector and as natural gas potentially used in the domestic and industrial sectors. Additionally, its potential to be repeatable, resilient, and sustainable makes the developed innovative hydrogen production solution eco-friendly.
Removal of Oil from Wastewater: Sources and Advances in Polymeric Photocatalytic Membranes
Authors: Chiulan Ioana , Dumitru Florina-Diana , Matei M. , György D. , Tengku Izhar Tengku Nuraiti
Published: November 2024

The oily wastewater represents one of the major threats to the environment nowadays and requires innovative water treatment technology. This review provides an overview of polymeric photocatalytic membranes used for oily wastewater treatment, with key focus on the pollution sources and the membrane materials. Moreover, the advantage of coupling the photocatalyst technology into the membrane fabrication for oil removal is explored. This work evaluates the removal performance and anti-fouling properties in oily wastewater treatment of the most recent developed polymeric photocatalytic membranes.
Influence of Temperatures of Biochar Derived from Agro-waste onto Polyester Composite for improving the Water Effluent Discharge
Authors: Suradi Siti Samahani , Mohamed Fouzi Muhammad Fauzan Syafi , Zainal Abidin Zainatul Umairah , Abu Bakar Sidik Dilaeleyana , Izhab Izirwan , Mohd Ismail Nurul Izzati , Bujang Hazirah , Abdullah Nurmina
Published: November 2024

The biochar-based rice straw (RS) is the agro-waste from rice production which is one of the significant contributors to pollution. This study focused on altering RS biochar on polyester/polyvinylidene fluoride (RS-g-polyester) composites to improve the quality of water final effluent from industrial-based palm oil mills. Alteration of RS biochar-g-polyester composites was investigated at various RS calcination temperatures ranging from 300-900°C. The RS biochar-g-polyester composites were prepared using a dip-coating technique and characterized via spectroscopy (FTIR-ATR), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM-EDS), and tensile strength. Meanwhile, the performance of biochar RS-g-polyester composites was evaluated based on the pH, turbidity, and color removal of water effluent discharge. It was found that the biochar RS-g-polyester samples displayed different patterns in intensities and morphologies at different temperatures affecting the filtration of water effluent. Good interfacial compatibility of RS-g-polyester composite is also evidently seen via morphologies and mechanical properties. With consistent pH of waste effluent (8.83-8.89), the filtrate effluent discharge exhibits a significant reduction in color removal, 35% (~1150 ADMI), and turbidity, ~85% (0.9 8NTU) compared to initial water effluent discharge (~1800 ADMI). An increase in temperature has significantly improved the quality of water, thus it has potential use in the filtration of water treatment.
Assessing the Transboundary Water Pollution Possibly Produced By an Armed Conflict
Authors: György D. , Harabagiu Alexandra , Gheorghe Florina-Diana , Georgeta T. , Sadîca I. , Boboc Mădălina , Chiulan Ioana , Sam Sung Ting
Published: November 2024

The impact of armed conflicts can be direct and indirect, highlighted by population displacement and casualties, infrastructure destruction, together with social and economic hiatus, but also the movement of air, water and soil pollutants across regional and national borders. There are numerous possible contamination sources of the water bodies and aquatic ecosystems that may appear during armed conflicts, including projectile composition, use of chemical weapons, discharge of untreated wastewater due to damage to sewage lines or wastewater treatment plants, unregulated waste management (improper disposal of industrial, hospital and municipal waste), oil spills, and deliberate poisoning of water resources. Thus, a comprehensive study from a multidisciplinary perspective of the armed conflicts is a sine qua non condition. In accordance, to properly assess the effects of pollution in the study area (Black Sea and coastal area) and to establish further strategies that can hinder the impact, water samples from various points of interest were analyzed to determine the water quality of the aquatic ecosystem and to possibly identify contaminants in the analyzed water bodies. Higher concentration values were observed for Pb in MB3 (27.9 μg/L) and Zn in MB1 (232 μg/L) and MB2 (53.1 μg/L), exceeding the maximum concentration limits set by the national legislation (10 μg/L for Pb and 50 μg/L for Zn).
The effect of soil treatment methods against dodder (Cuscuta sp.) in soybean cultivating field
Authors: Akhmurzaev Shavkat , Khudarganov Kamaliddin , Muratova Rakhima , Ermatova Venera , Abdurasulov Abdygani , Zulushova Akylbu
Published: November 2024

In the paper, it was described the effectiveness of different tillage methods against dodder in soybean field. In the conditions of typical sierozem and sierozem-meadow soils, it was determined that the fight against the dodder gave good results when the soil was plowed with a two- tier plug at a depth of 0-40 cm in the 1st year, 0-24 in the 2nd year, and 0- 32 cm in the 3rd year. In this case, it was observed that the spread of dodder was reduced by 45.3-50.2 % compared to the control in proportion to the soil types, and the efficiency was 95.2-94.7 %. Organic amendments improved soil health parameters but were less effective in controlling dodder, achieving only a 50% reduction. Mechanical tillage was the least effective, with a 30% reduction in dodder density. Soybean yield was highest in chemically treated plots, followed by solarized plots, with organic amendments and mechanical tillage showing marginal yield improvements over the control.
Post-Reclamation Enhancement of Physical and Biological Properties of Soils Contaminated by Oil and Petroleum Products
Authors: Jabbarov Zafarjon , Abdrakhmanov Tokhtasin , Zakirova Salomat , Abdushukurova Zamira , Sultanova Nodirabonu , Abdullaev Shokhrukh , Matkarimova Anora , Nomozov Urol , Musurmanov Alisher , Kaxorov Bolta , Berdiev Tolib
Published: November 2024

Soil contamination by oil is a common issue in areas surrounding oil fields, storage depots, and refining industries. This contamination can damage the physical, chemical, and biological properties of the soil, requiring recultivation. This article presents the results of soil property recovery after biological recultivation. The results show that the rate of water transfer in treated soil was 37.5 g/kg, which is 2.5 times faster than in contaminated soil. Additionally, the water retention capacity of contaminated soil was 1200 mm after 90 minutes, while in treated soil it was only 75 mm. This represents a 16-fold improvement. Due to oil pollution, the anthropogenic carbon (Cant) in the soil increased to 1.87%. After reclamation, it decreased to 0.21%. The number of microorganisms, including heterotrophs, phosphorus-decomposing bacteria, ammonifiers, actinomycetes, and microscopic fungi, decreased as a result of oil pollution. However, after recultivation, their number increased up to several hundred times, with only oil-decomposing bacteria decreasing. The activity of catalase, invertase, phosphotase, and dehydrogenase enzymes decreased after pollution, but improved and restored after recultivation.
A Comparative Study of Three Supervised Algorithms for Mixed Crop Classification
Authors: Padma VVL Alekhya , Suhail Mohammad , Lutfullo Ibragimov , Shodiyor Boboyev
Published: November 2024

This study focuses on advancing precision agriculture through machine learning algorithms applied to crop classification using PlanetScope multispectral data in Kheda district, Gujarat. Three algorithms—Support Vector Machines (SVM), Spectral Angle Mapper (SAM), and Random Forests (RF)—were tested for their accuracy in classifying crop types. Additionally, the research utilized multi-temporal satellite imagery to monitor crop phenological cycles, enhancing classification reliability. The results highlighted SVM's boundary delineation, SAM's spectral similarity approach, and RF's ensemble learning as effective in distinguishing crops in mixed scenarios. Integrating ground truth data further validated classification accuracy, underscoring the study's contribution to improving agricultural management and planning.
Study of assessment and monitoring of pastures land areas in hills based on GIS technologies (case study Southern Uzbekistan)
Authors: Shogdarov Doniyor , Mukhtorov Uzbekkhon , Islomov Utkir , Sultanbekova Parida , Nazarov Mamatkodir , Ermakhametova Elvina , Karimov Erkin
Published: November 2024

In this study, we have undertaken a comprehensive exploration of vegetation monitoring and biomass assessment in the mountainous and sub-mountainous regions of southern Uzbekistan, leveraging the capabilities of Geographic Information System (GIS) technologies and remote sensing data. Our research has focused on the critical analysis of biomass levels during the primary plant season, as well as continuous plant monitoring. Our methodology involved the utilization of Landsat 9 satellite image data, further analyzed through the application of two essential vegetation indices, namely the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and the Soil- Adjusted Vegetation Index (SAVI). One of the key objectives of our investigation was to assess the potential for extrapolating the biomass model for plant cover using GIS technologies. This extrapolation aims to extend our understanding to encompass the period of continuous vegetation coverage monitoring. The combination of GIS, remote sensing data, and advanced vegetation indices serves as a powerful framework for gaining insights into the dynamics of plant growth and biomass variations. Such research not only enhances our understanding of the ecological landscape but also provides valuable information for sustainable land management and agriculture practices in the region
Study of soil salinity in agricultural land using Remote Sensing data in Amudarya district, Uzbekistan
Authors: Qobulov Eshbolta , Botirova Halima , Tursunov Nurullo , Jumayeva Shohida , Kabulov Kamoliddin
Published: November 2024

One of the primary concerns in agricultural regions is the presence of soil salinity, which is especially prominent in the Amudarya district of Uzbekistan. This investigation aims to evaluate the salinity of the local soil utilizing data acquired through remote sensing. By integrating remote sensing data with modeling methodologies, this study offers a comprehensive understanding of the patterns of soil salinity. The outcomes of the study demonstrate the effectiveness of this approach, with a 72% accuracy in interpolation and a Kappa value of 81%. The study underscores the critical importance of amalgamating modeling techniques and remote sensing data to monitor local changes in soil salinity and assess the potential impact of climate change on soil salinity levels. These findings are of utmost significance in facilitating the planning of water resources and agricultural management, ultimately supporting the sustainable utilization of farmland in the region.
Quantum optimization methods in water flow control
Authors: Muhamediyeva Dilnoz , Niyozmatova Nilufar , Yusupova Dilfuza , Samijonov Boymirzo
Published: November 2024

This paper examines the problem of optimizing water flow control in order to minimize costs, represented as the square of the water flow. This takes into account restrictions on this flow, such as the maximum flow value. To solve this problem, two optimization methods are used: the classical optimization method Sequential Least SQuares Programming (SLSQP) and the quantum optimization method Variational Quantum Eigensolver (VQE). First, the classical SLSQP method finds the optimal control (water flow) according to the given cost function and constraints. Then the obtained result is refined using the quantum VQE method. The quantum method uses an ansatz to represent the quantum circuit and a Hamiltonian to describe the system. The problem comes down to finding the minimum eigenvalue of the Hamiltonian, which makes it possible to determine the optimal parameters of the quantum circuit that minimize the cost of controlling the water flow. Thus, the proposed approach combines the strengths of classical and quantum optimization to effectively solve the water flow control optimization problem.
Innovative Floodwater Management via Continuous GIS Monitoring
Authors: Reyimov Dayanch , Akhmedov Soyench , Akmyradova Maral , Annayeva Guljeren , Orazberdiyeva Guncha , Nazarov Qiyom , Babaev Isa
Published: November 2024

Flood management is essential for the sustainability of communities, particularly in mountainous regions where floodwaters can cause significant damage to infrastructure, agriculture, and settlements. This research explores a novel floodwater management system using continuous GIS monitoring to protect villages located in Turkmenistan’s foothills, with a focus on Nohur village in the Baherden district. The proposed method emphasizes the construction of medium-height rock dams along flood streams, aimed at preventing flood-related destruction while providing a reliable water source for households, agricultural lands, and industrial enterprises throughout the year. Using Google Earth Pro for terrain analysis, this study evaluates floodwater flow patterns and presents a cost-effective solution to capture and utilize rainwater. The findings contribute to sustainable water resource management, supporting the broader objectives of environmental protection and local development. This innovative approach ensures both flood protection and water conservation, offering long-term benefits for the local population and infrastructure resilience.
Quantifying Water Bodies with Sentinel-2 Imagery and NDWI: A Remote Sensing Approach
Authors: Avezov Sattarbergan , Yunusova Dilnoza , Yusupjonov Otabek , Kazakbaeva Mukhabbat , Gulmurzaeva Roza , Saksonov Umidjon , Ruzikulova Oykhumor , Djumabaeva Salomat
Published: November 2024

This paper presents a comparative analysis of surface water dynamics using Sentinel-2 satellite imagery and the Normalized Difference Water Index (NDWI) obtained through the Google Earth Engine (GEE) platform. The study focuses on assessing changes in surface water area and water ratio in the area between the winter and summer seasons of 2017 and 2023. Our results indicate a notable fluctuation in water area over the study period, with the reservoir exhibiting varying extents of surface water coverage across different seasons and years. Specifically, in the summer of 2023, the water area was measured at 14.35 km2, compared to 14.98 km2 in 2017. Conversely, during the winter months, the water area decreased to 12.54 km2 in 2023, while it was 14.68 km2 in 2017. The findings suggest a shift in surface water dynamics over time, potentially influenced by climatic and environmental factors. Furthermore, the study highlights the efficiency of utilizing GEE and remote sensing techniques for surface water mapping and monitoring. Remote sensing provides a cost-effective and reliable means of monitoring surface water resources, enabling timely assessments and informed decision-making for water resource management and conservation efforts. This research underscores the importance of leveraging remote sensing technologies for effective resource management and environmental stewardship in the face of changing climatic conditions.
Research of floods in the mountains and foothill areas of Uzbekistan
Authors: Yangiev Asror , Adjimuratov Dilmurat , Panjiev Sherzod , Azizov Shokhrukh , Primova Sarafroz
Published: November 2024

The article examines the rising frequency of extreme weather events linked to global climate change, particularly noting an increase in flash floods and peak flow rates over the last decade. To conduct the analysis, mathematical and statistical techniques were employed, followed by field data collection and comparative calculations of the measurements obtained. The findings reveal a clear correlation between the rise in flooding incidents and global climate change. In Uzbekistan, the mudflow-active watersheds cover an area of 53,770 km², representing 12% of the nation’s total land area. There are 709 mudflow-active waterways, and 858 national and other economic structures are situated within flood-prone zones. Additionally, the impacts of climate change and natural disasters extend across borders and are influenced by the management of natural resources. Flood-related damages tend to be substantial, but they can be significantly mitigated through well-organized flood control measures based on scientific principles, such as assessing flood hazards in developed mountainous areas and implementing effective preventive and warning measures, including the establishment of flood hazard warning services. Thus, to effectively prevent disasters, it is essential to establish cross-border monitoring and early warning systems.
Harnessing Geoinformatics for Uzbekistan’s Development in the Digital Era
Authors: Muminova Elnorakhon A. , Davlyatova Gulnorakhon , Nazarova Latofatkhon , Abdusattorova Mohirabonu , Askarov Farhod R.
Published: November 2024

In the rapidly evolving landscape of Uzbekistan’s development, geoinformatics emerges as a pivotal tool in navigating the challenges and opportunities of the digital era. This article explores the multifaceted ways in which geoinformatics is being harnessed to drive progress across various sectors in Uzbekistan. From urban planning and infrastructure development to agriculture, disaster management, and environmental conservation, geoinformatics offers robust spatial data analysis and visualization capabilities that are instrumental in informed decision-making. By integrating geographic information systems (GIS), remote sensing, and geospatial technologies, Uzbekistan is enhancing resource management, optimizing public services, and fostering sustainable growth. Moreover, geoinformatics plays a crucial role in facilitating evidence-based policymaking and improving overall governance. As Uzbekistan continues its digital transformation journey, leveraging geoinformatics promises to further accelerate economic development, enhance quality of life, and ensure resilience in a dynamic global context.