bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Electrical conductivity of the seed soaking solution and soybean seedling emergence
Authors: Vieira Roberval Daiton , Scappa Neto Angelo , Bittencourt Sonia Regina Mudrovitsch de , Panobianco Maristela
Published: April 2005

Vigor of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merrill] seeds can be evaluated by measuring the electrical conductivity (EC) of the seed soaking solution, which has shown a satisfactory relationship with field seedling emergence, but has not had aproper definition of range yet. This work studies the relationship between EC and soybean seedling emergence both in the field and laboratory conditions, using twenty two seed lots. Seed water content, standard germination and vigor (EC, accelerated aging and cold tests) were evaluated under laboratory conditions using -0.03; -0.20; -0.40 and -0.60 MPa matric potentials, and field seedling emergence was also observed. There was direct relationship between EC and field seedling emergence (FE). Under laboratory conditions, a decreasing relationship was found between EC and FE as water content in the substrate decreased. Relationships between these two parameters were also found when -0.03; -0.20 and -0.40 MPa matric potentials were used. EC tests can be used successfully to evaluate soybean seed vigor and identify lots with higher or lower field emergence potential.
Copper desorption in a soil with variable charge
Authors: Casagrande José Carlos , Jordão Camila Beig , Alleoni Luís Reynaldo Ferracciú , Camargo Otávio Antônio de
Published: April 2005

Adsorption processes of heavy metals in soils have been more extensively studied than desorption, in spite of this latter process being related to nutrient bioavailability in the soil solution. Copper desorption from surface (0-0.2 m) and subsurface (1.0 - 1.2 m) samples of an Anionic Acrudox was studied at two pH values (4.5 and 7.5). Soil samples were incubated with Cu rates varying from 0 to 400 mg kg-1, during 4 and 12 weeks, in the presence of CaCl2 as support electrolyte at concentrations of 0.01 and 0.001 mol L-1. Complete soil adsorption of added Cu was observed at pH 7.5 in all incubation periods, indicating that a 24h-shaking period was enough to reach equilibrium and maximum adsorption. Copper adsorption varied with the incubation period and was much lower at pH 4.5 than at pH 7.5, after the 24 hour-incubation period. After 4 and 12 weeks, Cu adsorption values were higher and similar for all soil samples, irrespective of pH or depth of sampling. The effect of the incubation period on soil Cu adsorption surpassed the pH effect for all Cu rates. The hysteresis was expressive, suggesting that Cu enhances high-energy bonds with the soil colloids. Calcium chloride was not efficient in promoting native soil Cu desorption in the studied concentrations.
Root phosphatase activity, plant growth and phosphorus accumulation of maize genotypes
Authors: Machado Cynthia Torres de Toledo , Furlani Ângela Maria Cangiani
Published: April 2005

The activity of the enzyme phosphatase (P-ase) is a physiological characteristic related to plant efficiency in relation to P acquisition and utilization, and is genetically variable. As part of a study on maize genotype characterization in relation to phosphorus (P) uptake and utilization efficiency, two experiments were set up to measure phosphatase (P-ase) activity in intact roots of six local and improved maize varieties and two sub-populations. Plants were grown at one P level in nutrient solution (4 mg L-1) and the P-ase activity assay was run using 17-day-old plants for varieties and 24-day-old plants for subpopulations. Shoot and root dry matter yields and P concentrations and contents in plant parts were determined, as well as P-efficiency indexes. Root P-ase activity differed among varieties, and highest enzimatic activities were observed in two local varieties -'Catetão' and 'Caiano' -and three improved varieties -'Sol da Manhã', 'Nitrodente' and 'BR 106'. 'Carioca', a local variety, had the lowest activity. Between subpopulations, 'ND2', with low yielding and poorly P-efficient plants, presented higher root P-ase activity as compared to 'ND10', high yielding and highly P-efficient plants. In general, subpopulations presented lower P-ase activities as compared to varieties. Positive and/or negative correlations were obtained between P-ase activity and P-efficiency characteristics, specific for the genotypes, not allowing inference on a general and clear association between root-secreted phosphatase and dry matter production or P acquisition. Genotypic variability must be known and considered before using P-ase activity as an indicator of P nutritional status, or P tolerance, adaptation and efficiency under low P conditions.
Economic viability of the piauçu Leporinus macrocephalus (Garavello & Britski, 1988) production
Authors: Takahashi Leonardo Susumu , Gonçalves Flavio Daolio , Abreu Janessa Sampaio de , Martins Maria Inez Espagnoli Geraldo , Ferreira Antonio Carlos Manduca
Published: April 2005

Brazilian fish farms presented an accelerated development during the early 90's, mainly because of the increase in fee-fishing operations. To meet the demand of this market, fish production and supply became excessive and, as a consequence, the number of fee-fishing operations, farmers and the final selling price, decreased. This study analyzes the technical aspects, production cost, profitability and economic viability of the production of piauçu (L. macrocephalus) in ponds, based on information from a rural property. Feeding and fingerling costs amount to approximately 47.1% of the total production cost, representing together with the final selling price the most important factor affecting profitability. The payback period was 8.3 years, the liquid present value US$ 291.07, the internal return margin 9%, and the income-outcome ratio was 1.01, which represents an unattractive investment as a projection based on current conditions. The improvement in productive efficiency enhances the economic valuation index, and that the relative magnitude of cost and income are the most important points for the economic viability of the studied farm.
Gluconeogenic supplements do not affect production, reproductive traits and blood metabolite of holstein cows during the transition period
Authors: Oliveira Paulo Garcez de , Pires Alexandre Vaz , Meyer Paula Marques , Susin Ivanete , Villarreta Elias Tunon , Rodrigues Paulo Henrique Mazza , Santos Flávio Augusto Portella
Published: April 2005

The use of gluconeogenic supplements for dairy cows during the transition period has produced contradictory responses in the literature, making it difficult to recommend them. The objective of this trial was to evaluate supplementation with propylene glycol (PG), calcium propionate (CP), and "Dairy Power Drench®" (DR) on the transitional period of Holstein cows. Parameters studied were variation of body condition score (BCS), body weight (BW), milk production (MP), reproductive efficiency and nonesterified fatty acid concentration (NEFA). One hundred and sixty five animals from two commercial herds were used. Treatments consisted of: C- Control; DR- administration of "Dairy Power Drench®" (3 applications) during postpartum; CP- daily administration of calcium propionate (500 g); PG- daily administration of propylene glycol (500 mL). Variation sources studied were the effect of treatments and blocks as function of farm and parity. No interaction between time (weeks) and treatments, or treatment effects, were found for BCS. However, there was a quadratic effect of time. Body weight and its variation were not affected by treatment nor by the time × treatment interaction. However, a quadratic effect of time was observed. An interaction time × treatment was observed on MP, but possible differences within each week were not detected. Treatments also did not affect reproductive efficiency parameters. On average, the number of days to first detected postpartum estrus was 69.5, with 2.23 services per conception and 172.6 days open. The mean concentration of nonesterified fatty acids was 376.6 mmol L-1 and no effect of the interaction time × treatment, or of treatment, was observed. However, a linear effect was observed with time, with a decrease of 48.2 mmol L-1 per week.
Genetic structure of annual ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum) populations estimated by RAPD
Authors: Vieira Eduardo Alano , Castro Caroline Marques , Oliveira Antônio Costa de , Carvalho Fernando Irajá Félix de , Zimmer Paulo Dejalma , Martins Luís Fernando
Published: April 2005

Annual ryegrass is a temperate climate annual foraging grass, grown mostly in the South of Brazil, especially in the state of Rio Grande do Sul. Despite its importance, little is known about its genetic diversity, both within and among the populations cultivated. This knowledge is of fundamental importance for developing breeding and conservation strategies. The aim of this study was to characterize the genetic diversity and structure of four populations of annual ryegrass. Three of the populations were located in Rio Grande do Sul and the fourth in Uruguay. RAPD markers were used to study the genetic diversity and structure of these populations. Analysis of 375 individuals sampled from the populations, using six RAPD primers, generated a total of 82 amplified bands. They included 73 polymorphic bands (89,02%). The value of the total genetic diversity index obtained, (0,71) was high, indicating the presence of wide genetic diversity in the four populations. Genetic structure analysis revealed that 98% of total diversity is intrapopulational, whereas interpopulational genetic diversity was only 2%. These results suggest that before these populations separated, they had gone through a period of gene exchange and, even after the separation event, gene frequency stayed at levels similar to the original levels, with no differential selection for these genes in the different cultivation areas.
Alfalfa yield and quality as function of nitrogen fertilization and symbiosis with Sinorhizobium meliloti
Authors: Oliveira Wladecir Salles de , Oliveira Patrícia Perondi Anchão , Corsi Moacyr , Duarte Fábio Rodrigo Sanches , Tsai Siu Mui
Published: April 2005

The efficiency of the symbiotic process between alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) and Sinorhizobium meliloti can be drastically affected by soil nitrogen. This research evaluates how mineral fertilization affects the contribution of symbiosis to the yield and quality of alfalfa in two experiments under controlled conditions, and a third one in the field. Under controlled conditions, positive effect of nitrogen fertilizer was observed, whereas, in the field, negative effect of the mineral nitrogen (450 kg ha-1 year-1) on the symbiotic process was observed, with reduction of nodulation and nitrogenase activity. However, there was no effect on yield, total nitrogen concentration, crude protein, non-protein nitrogen and digestibility in relation to the treatment without mineral N. The cultivars showed similar performance under different conditions, with 'Crioula Brasileira' and 'Crioula Chilena' showing the highest yield and 'Pioneer-5454' the highest forage nutritive value.
Plant response to mechanical resistance and air-filled porosity of soils under conventional and no-tillage system
Authors: Silva Alvaro Pires da , Imhoff Silvia , Kay Beverley
Published: April 2005

Roots may respond to restrictive soil physical conditions and send signals to shoots to control plant growth. Soil mechanical resistance and aeration can be managed to improve the soil physical conditions for plant growth by using different tillage systems. The objective of this study was to quantify the influence of no-tillage and conventional-tillage systems on plant response to soil mechanical resistance and aeration. The study was carried out on a farm, cultivated with corn, with a side-by-side comparison of no-tillage and conventional-tillage systems. Thirty-two paired sampling sites were located along two transects, located one in each treatment. Soil water content, bulk density, and plant growth were measured in each treatment. Based on the soil water and bulk density measurements, the air-filled porosity values were computed for each treatment. Soil water contents and bulk density values were converted to soil mechanical resistance by using the soil resistance curve. Plant growth varied positively with soil air-filled porosity, and negatively with soil mechanical resistance in both tillage systems. However, the decrease rates/increase rates were dependent on the tillage system. The no-tillage system somehow improved the soil physical conditions for the plants, especially when they were more restrictive, allowing them to attain greater values of growth.
Size and form of plots for the culture of the Italian pumpkin in plastic greenhouse
Authors: Mello Rodrigo Machado , Dal'Col Lúcio Alessandro , Storck Lindolfo , Lorentz Leandro Homrich , Carpes Ricardo Howes , Boligon Alexandra Augusti
Published: April 2005

Quality control is the guaranty that experimental error is kept under acceptable levels, and the definition of the proper size and form of experimental plots ensures acurate experimental planning. This paper aims to determine the proper plot size and shape for the culture of the Italian pumpkin in protected environments. Two experiments were set in plastic green house in distinct crop seasons: either Summer-Fall or Winter-Spring season. The experiment comprised eight, 23-m long lines with 20 plants each, and fruit weight was considered the main performance parameter. Estimates of best plots size and shape were obtained by the maximum curvature, variance comparison and Hatheway methods. The plot size and shape varied according to the season and the ideal size and shape, according to the maximum curvature and Hatheway methods, to the Summer-Fall and Winter-Spring seasons, were eight plants (4 ´ 2 plot) and four plants (2 ´ 2 plot), respectively.
Leaf life span and nitrogen content in semideciduous forest tree species (Croton priscus and Hymenaea courbaril)
Authors: Haddad Claudia Regina Baptista , Lemos Damiani Pereira , Mazzafera Paulo
Published: April 2005

In comparison to deciduous species, evergreen plants have lower leaf nutrient contents and higher leaf life span, important mechanisms for nutrient economy, allowing the colonization of low fertility soils. Strategies to conserve nitrogen in two semideciduous tropical forest tree species, with different leaf life spans were analyzed. The hypothesis was the fact that the two species would present different nitrogen conservation mechanisms in relation to chemical (total nitrogen, protein, chlorophyll, and proteolytic activity), functional (leaf life span, N-use efficiency, and N-resorption efficiency), morphological (specific leaf mass) leaf characteristics, and total nitrogen in the soil. Hymenaea courbaril L. presented lower nitrogen compounds in leaves, longer leaf life span, higher N-use efficiency, and higher specific leaf mass, while absorbing proportionally less nitrogen from the soil than Croton priscus Croizat. These characteristics can contribute for a better nitrogen economy strategy of H. courbaril. No relationship was found between leaf life span and N resorption efficiency, nor between leaf life span, protease activity and nitrogen mobilization. The electrophoretic profiles of proteolytic enzymes in young leaves of the two species presented more bands with enzymatic activity than other kinds of leaves.
Phosphite effect on hot and sweet pepper reaction to Phytophthora capsici
Authors: Sala Fernando Cesar , Costa Cyro Paulino da , Echer Márcia de Moraes , Martins Marise Cagnin , Blat Sally Ferreira
Published: April 2005

Phosphite has been recommended to enhance plant resistance against Phytophthora. This work evaluated the response of hot and sweet pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) to Phytophthora capsici from juvenile up to the adult stage following treatment with phosphite. Sweet pepper hybrids considered to be resistant to P. capsici, like Reinger, Nathalie and Athenas, were evaluated. The susceptible checks were hybrid Magali R and cvs. Myr 10 and Ikeda. Hot pepper Criollo de Morelos 328, CM 334, BGH 3756, BGH 5122, CNPH 294 and Locorte were used as referential resistant lines. Phosphite did not have an effect on the hot pepper resistant lines because of their genetic homozygozity, while no protection was observed for the Athenas hybrid claimed to be resistant. Heterozygous hybrids recognized as resistant, like Reinger and Nathalie, showed higher survival following phosphite treatment, and their reaction was equivalent to the resistant cvs. CM 328 and CM 334, except for the fruiting stage. Depending of the hybrid heterozygous genotype, phosphite possibly acts through indirect phytoalexin induction through the inhibited pathogen.
Nutritional diagnosis for eucalypt by DRIS, M-DRIS, and CND
Authors: Silva Gualter Guenther Costa da , Neves Júlio César Lima , Alvarez V. Víctor Hugo , Leite Fernando Palha
Published: April 2005

The evaluation of the nutritional status in eucalypt (Eucalyptus grandis W. Hill ex Maid.) forests through vegetal tissue analyses what reflects water and nutrient flows in the system, and represents a complementary tool to soil analysis can be helpful to raise and maintain the forest productivity at high levels. This study compared the use of the Diagnosis and Recommendation Integrated System (DRIS), Modified-DRIS (M-DRIS), and Compositional Nutrient Diagnosis (CND) diagnose methods in eucalypt stands in Central-Eastern Minas Gerais State, Brazil. Data of productivity and of N, P, K, Ca, and Mg leaf contents in 993 Eucalyptus grandis stands aging between 72 and 153 months, planted on six sites in 3 ´ 2 m spacing, were used. The nutritional status was diagnosed by the DRIS, M-DRIS, and CND methods, and validated by the chi-square (c²) test applied to the nutrients diagnosed as primary limiting by deficiency. These three methods were compared to each other based on the diagnosis concordance frequency (DCF) derived from the fertilization response potential (FRP) by the criteria considering each nutrient separately; from all (5) to none (0); and only the primary limiting nutrients by either deficiency or excess. The diagnosis concordance level among the methods was procedure-dependent, and varied according to the nutrient concentration in trees.
Development of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides isolated from green pepper in different culture media, temperatures, and light regimes
Authors: Mello Alexandre Furtado Silveira , Machado Andressa Cristina Zamboni , Bedendo Ivan Paulo
Published: April 2005

Control of anthracnose in green pepper involves the use of resistant varieties and/or fungicides. The selection of varieties and efficient products demands great amounts of conidia as inoculum. It is thus necessary to optimize the production of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides conidia in the laboratory, establishing the best conditions for fungus development. The present study aimed at determining the most favorable culture media, temperature, and light conditions for the production of fungus inoculum. The fungus was isolated from green pepper fruits (Capsicum annuum L.) and transferred to four culture media (PDA, oat, filtered pepper extract, and autoclaved pepper extract), under different temperatures (15, 20, 25, 30, and 35ºC) and light conditions (24h dark, and 24h light). Colony growth was evaluated after 7 and 12 days of incubation. No differences were found between the culture media. However, the greatest number of conidia was obtained from colonies grown in oat medium at 25ºC. Temperatures of 20 and 25ºC were the most favorable for colony growth and sporulation. Higher sporulation was obtained under incubation in constant light. Cultivation of C. gloeosporioides in oat medium, at 25ºC, and constant light is recommended.
DRIS: concepts and applications on nutritional diagnosis in fruit crops
Authors: Mourão Filho Francisco de Assis Alves
Published: April 2005

Nutrition and fertilization are important factors in determining fruit yield and fruit quality. There are several methods for plant nutritional status diagnosis, among them, two are relevant and named as Sufficiency Range Approach (SRA) and Diagnosis and Recommendation Integrated System (DRIS). This research reports the main concepts and applications of DRIS in nutritional diagnosis of fruit crops, comparing it with current nutritional diagnosis methods, indicating advantages and disadvantages, and possible limitations to be investigated.
Inheritance of reaction to Leveillula taurica (Lev.) Arn. in Capsicum annuum L.
Authors: Blat Sally Ferreira , Costa Cyro Paulino da , Vencovsky Roland , Sala Fernando Cesar
Published: April 2005

The use of fungicides to control powdery mildew in sweet pepper has been ineffective and genetic resistance is the best alternative. Resistance sources identified in Capsicum annuum L. are rare and unsatisfactory. The purpose of this work was to study the inheritance of C. annuum reaction to powdery mildew. Three homozygous powdery mildew resistant parents, HV-12, Chilli and #124 and three susceptible lines, 609, 442 and 428 were used to obtain seven F1's and respectively their generations F2: HV-12 x 609, 442 × HV-12, 428 × HV-12, Chilli × 609, #124 × 609, Chilli × HV-12 and #124 × HV-12. The powdery epidemic was natural using inoculum from highly sporulating susceptible pepper host. Powdery mildew host reaction evaluations were carried out during the fruit production using a rating system based on disease severity scales varying from 1 (resistant) to 5 (highly susceptible). The experimental design was completely randomized. The following genetic parameters were estimated: locus numbers, gene action, heritability coefficient, expected selection gain and observed progress in F3 generation, and possibly allelic relationship among resistance genes of different resistance sources. The HV-12×609 cross was the only one that showed absence of dominance. Other genetically analyzed crossings showed dominant and epistatic effects. Resistance was characterized as being due to at least four pairs of genes. The heritability and selection gains estimates were high. The resistance mechanisms of #124, Chilli and HV-12 showed differences in their expression.
Molecular identification of Aspergillus spp. isolated from coffee beans
Authors: Magnani Marciane , Fernandes Thiago , Prete Cássio Egidio Cavenaghi , Homechim Martin , Ono Elisabete Yurie Sataque , Vilas-Boas Laurival Antonio , Sartori Daniele , Furlaneto Márcia Cristina , Fungaro Maria Helena Pelegrinelli
Published: April 2005

Some species belonging to the genus Aspergillus are potential producers of ochratoxin A (OA), a mycotoxin with nephrotoxic, immunosuppressive, teratogenic and carcinogenic effects. The aim of the present study was to identify the species of Aspergillus that contaminate the inside of coffee beans collected in the stage of maturation and drying, from 16 producing areas located in the northern region of the State of Paraná, in the South of Brazil. A total of 108 isolates of Aspergillus spp. was identified at the species level, by sequencing the internal transcribed spacer (ITS1-5.8S-ITS2) of ribosomal DNA (rDNA). The results revealed the presence of potentially ochratoxigenic species in 82% of the geographic regions studied, among which Aspergillus niger was the species most frequently detected, followed by A. ochraceus and A. carbonarius. The presence of A. carbonarius in immature coffee fruits harvested from trees is reported for the first time.
Strategic marker selection to detect quantitative trait loci in chicken
Authors: Ruy Deborah Clea , Nones Kátia , Baron Erica Elias , Ledur Mônica Corrêa , Melo Cláudio Manoel Rodrigues de , Ambo Marcel , Campos Raquel de Lello Rocha , Coutinho Luiz Lehmann
Published: April 2005

Selective genotyping for a certain trait in individuals with extreme phenotypes contributes sufficient information to determine linkage between molecular markers and quantitative trait loci (QTL). In this experiment an F2 population, developed by crossing males from a broiler line with females from a layer line, was employed to detect QTL on chromosomes 3 and 5. Twenty-eight performance and carcass traits were measured in F2 offspring, and phenotypic correlations between traits were calculated. Body weight at 42 days (BW42) presented the greatest positive correlations with most other traits, with correlation between body weights at 35 and 41 days, weight gain between birth and 35, 41 and 42 days, as well as weights of carcass and some body parts superior to 0.8. One hundred-and-seventy F2 offspring, representing the top (4.5%) and the bottom (4.5%) of a normal distribution curve of BW42, were selected with equal proportions of males and females, and within dam family. Samples were genotyped for 19 informative markers on chromosome 3, and 11 markers on chromosome 5. Marker allelic frequencies of phenotypic groups with high and low BW42 were compared with a chi-square test. Four regions on chromosome 3 and three regions on chromosome 5 had markers that were suggestively associated with BW42 (P < 0.10), confirming and expanding previous studies.
Edible mushroom Pleurotus sajor-caju production on washed and supplemented sugarcane bagasse
Authors: Moda Evelise Moncaio , Horii Jorge , Spoto Marta Helena Fillet
Published: April 2005

Traditionally, the cultivation of Pleurotus sajor-caju is performed on different composted and pasteurized agricultural residues. The objective of this study was to investigate whether traditional composting and pasteurization processes could be replaced by washed and supplemented (mineral or organic) sugarcane bagasse. In one experiment, fresh sugarcane bagasse was immersed in hot water at 80°C for two hours (control) or washed in fresh water for one hour using an adapted machine for residue treatment. In another experiment, fresh sugarcane bagasse was washed in fresh water (control), and supplemented with corn grits (organic supplementation), or supplemented with nutrient solution (mineral supplementation). In the first experiment, the washed bagasse presented a average biological efficiency (ABE) of 19.16% with 44% contamination, and the pasteurized bagasse presented a ABE of 13.86% with 70% contamination. In the second experiment, corn grits presented the poorest performance, with a ABE of 15.66% and 60% contamination, while supplementation with the nutrient solution presented a ABE of 30.03%, whereas the control of 26.62%. Washing fresh sugarcane bagasse could suppress the pasteurized substrate in Pleurotus sajor-caju production, compensating a reduced ABE with a faster process.
Growth rate and nutritional status of an organic coffee cropping system
Authors: Ricci Marta dos Santos Freire , Alves Bruno José Rodrigues , Miranda Simone Cordeiro de , Oliveira Fabio Freire de
Published: April 2005

In view of the low N concentration in organic fertilizers, it is necessary to use high rates of such fertilizers to attend coffee crop requirements. Hence, N is the most limiting nutrient for organic coffee production. The objective of this work was to evaluate the influence of sunn hemp (Crotalaria juncea) organic fertilization on the growth and nutritional status of coffee cultivars, as well as to quantify plant biomass and N input derived from biological nitrogen fixation, and their effect on soil chemical characteristics. The experiment consisted of six coffee (Coffea arabica) cultivars intercropped with and without sunn hemp sown in November 2001 and pruned at mid-height 76 days later. At 175 days, the standing biomass of the legume was cut, measuring dry mass, total N, P, K, Ca, Mg, and 15N natural abundance, resulting 16 t ha-1 of dry mass and the recycling of 444, 21, 241, 191, and 44 kg ha-1 of N, P, K, Ca, and Mg, respectively. Cultivars 'Obatã' and 'Catuaí Vermelho' presented the highest growth rates in terms of plant height, while cultivars 'Icatu' and 'Oeiras' presented the lowest rates. Biological nitrogen fixation associated to the legume introduced more than 200 kg ha-1 of N, which is a demonstration that N fertilization in organic cropping systems is a valuable alternative. Intercropping lead to a constant coffee leaf N content during the entire cropping cycle, contrary to what was observed in plots grown without sunn hemp.
Boron rates for triticale and wheat crops
Authors: Corrêa Juliano Corulli , Esteves José Antônio de Fátima , Grassi Filho Helio , Alves Elza , Ceccon Gessi
Published: April 2005

No reports are registered on responses to boron fertilization nutrient deficiency and toxicity in triticale crops. The aim of this study was to evaluate triticale response to different rates of boron in comparison to wheat in an hapludox with initial boron level at 0.08 mg dm-3 4 ´ 4 factorial design trial completely randomized blocks design (n = 4). Boron rates were 0; 0.62; 1.24 and 1.86 mg dm-3; triticale cultivars were IAC 3, BR 4 and BR 53 and IAPAR 38 wheat crop was used for comparison. The wheat (IAPAR 38) crop presented the highest boron absorption level of all. Among triticale cultivars, the most responsive was IAC 53, presenting similar characteristics to wheat, followed by BR 4; these two crops are considered tolerant to higher boron rates in soil. Regarding to BR 53, no absorption effect was observed, and the cultivars was sensitive to boron toxicity. Absorption responses differed for each genotype. That makes it possible to choose and use the best-adapted plants to soils with different boron rates.
Ações e estratégias do CNDM para o "empoderamento" das mulheres
Authors: JUREMA SOLANGE BENTES
Published: April 2005

Situando a temática do acesso ao poder como uma prioridade para a atual gestão do CNDM, a exposição traz um rápido diagnóstico da participação das mulheres no Executivo e no Judiciário e cita estratégias, ações e compromissos que o Conselho tem assumido, nas últimas gestões, com o fito de contribuir para o aumento da presenças das mulheres nos espaços de poder.
Gênero e cidadania: referenciais analíticos
Authors: BRITO MARIA NOEMI CASTILHOS
Published: April 2005

Os temas propostos neste trabalho - cidadania e gênero - levam-nos a buscar referenciais de análise suficientemente abrangentes para que possamos dar conta da sua articulação. A idéia de cidadania e a construção de identidade de gênero têm sido definidas como um entendimento da sociedade que parte da definição de esferas dicotômicas, o público e o privado, responsáveis por uma desqualificação das mulheres no âmbito do político. O feminismo contemporâneo discute esta visão, criticando-a, e propõe novas abordagens que permitem integrar homens e mulheres nas suas relações, no desenvolvimento dos processos sociais.
Pessoa e parentesco nas novas tecnologias reprodutivas
Authors: LUNA NAARA
Published: April 2005

O trabalho trata do universo de representações das novas tecnologias reprodutivas, refletindo sobre as implicações desses procedimentos para as noções ocidentais de pessoa e de parentesco. Tais técnicas incidem no modo ocidental de pensar a reprodução e o domínio da natureza. A abordagem sobre pessoa se detém em textos relacionados à figura do embrião extracorporal gerado por meio da fertilização in vitro. A análise do parentesco enfoca como as novas tecnologias reprodutivas reconfiguram as representações de parentesco e, reciprocamente, de que forma as concepções ocidentais de parentesco constituem a compreensão das tecnologias, levando em conta crenças ocidentais sobre a natureza enquanto fundamento da realidade. A pesquisa utiliza como material para análise matérias sobre novas tecnologias reprodutivas publicadas na grande imprensa brasileira entre os anos de 1994 e 2000.
A construção do masculino: dominação das mulheres e homofobia
Authors: WELZER-LANG DANIEL
Published: April 2005

A partir de definições de homofobia e de heterossexismo, este artigo explora a profundidade heurística das relações sociais de sexo transversais ao conjunto de pessoas e grupos de gênero, no interior de um quadro teórico que rompe com definições naturalistas e/ou essencialistas dos homens. O texto analisa os esquemas, o habitus, o ideal viril, homofóbico e heterossexual que constroem e fortalecem a identidade e a dominação masculina. Para desenvolver este argumento, o autor faz uma vasta revisão bibliográfica da literatura feminista francesa contemporânea.
Mau aluno, boa aluna?: como as professoras avaliam meninos e meninas
Authors: CARVALHO MARÍLIA PINTO DE
Published: April 2005

Baseado em pesquisa qualitativa numa escola pública de ensino fundamental de São Paulo, o artigo discute os critérios de avaliação escolar das professoras, apontando em que medida suas opiniões sobre masculinidade e feminilidade interferiam em seus julgamentos e o que era mais valorizado no comportamento de meninas e meninos. Conclui pela urgência de promover essa reflexão no campo educacional, pois, se já eram marcantes em sistemas de avaliação mais formalizados, com testes, atribuição de notas e organização da escola em séries, as hierarquias de gênero parecem tornar-se mais poderosas nas chamadas avaliações de processo, em curso na maioria das escolas brasileiras, a partir do sistema de ciclos.
Ao Brasil dos meus sonhos: feminismo e modernismo na utopia de Adalzira Bittencourt
Authors: RAMOS MARIA BERNARDETE
Published: April 2005

O texto associa o feminismo de Adalzira Bittencourt ao movimento modernista, tecendo relações entre sua utopia-- não só de uma sociedade sob o poder das mulheres, mas também sua utopia de modernidade-- e o sonho nacional que projetou a nação na década de 1920. Tece também relações entre o feminismo de Adalzira, na linha do Partido Republicano Feminino dos anos 1920 e 1930, e o discurso hegemônico que enfatizou a maternidade como missão da mulher no projeto de regeneração nacional, ou do cultivo da raça, sob as leis da eugenia ou da higiene que se espalharam pelo mundo ocidental.
Reprodução e gênero: paternidades, masculinidades e teorias da concepção
Authors: Costa Rosely Gomes
Published: April 2005

Trata-se de uma discussão sobre reprodução e gênero, a partir de uma pesquisa realizada com homens que procuravam um ambulatório de reprodução humana na cidade de Campinas (SP) em busca de tratamento para esterilidade ou de informações e métodos de planejamento familiar. A pesquisa teve como objetivo estudar as representações masculinas da paternidade, analisando o que estas revelavam sobre a masculinidade e sobre as formas como gênero é constituído. O estudo apontou associações entre paternidade e masculinidade, entre fertilidade e masculinidade, mas sempre mediadas por gênero e por conexões específicas. O estudo levou, ainda, a uma reflexão a respeito das teorias sobre a concepção, em uma análise de como uma teoria duogenética da reprodução informa as representações dos entrevistados sobre paternidade e maternidade.
As parteiras-chefes da maternidade Port-Rroyal de Paris no século XIX: obstetras antes do tempo?
Authors: Beauvalet-Boutouyrie Scarlet
Published: April 2005

A Maternidade de Port-Royal, fundada em Paris em 1795, era um estabelecimento-modelo que, além do atendimento às parturientes, possuía um curso para formação de parteiras, sendo uma das poucas escolas a fornecer formação clínica às alunas. O artigo analisa os primeiros cem anos da Maternidade, destacando a atuação das parteiras-chefes como diretoras de ensino e do atendimento às parturientes. Ressalta a situação excepcional das parteiras-chefes, que conseguiram manter a ascendência sobre os parteiros apesar das críticas e da luta pelo poder por eles desencadeada, e da crescente importância que esses profissionais vinham adquirindo no panorama obstétrico e hospitalar do século XIX. Aponta para a necessidade de pesquisa em outras escolas de parteiras francesas e européias para poder avaliar o grau de originalidade dessa experiência.
Cindy Sherman ou de alguns estereótipos cinematográficos e televisivos
Authors: Fabris Annateresa
Published: April 2005

Em Stills cinematográficos sem título e Projeções num telão, Cindy Sherman encena de maneira crítica os estereótipos que regem a imagem da mulher como produto do olhar masculino.
As publicações feministas e a política transnacional da tradução: reflexões do campo
Authors: Costa Claudia de Lima
Published: April 2005

Este artigo investiga os pressupostos teóricos das viagens das teorias feministas pelo eixo Norte-Sul, argumentando que teorizar no feminismo implica desde já engajar-se em tradução - traduzir conceitos e terminologias de um campo disciplinar para as categorias analíticas de outro(s) em um processo que Gayatri Spivak caracteriza como "transação dinâmica de significados", ou seja, o ato de colocar uma forma de teorizar em contato ou transação com outra (ou várias outras) na leitura de qualquer tipo de texto, literário ou social. Nos resvalos resultantes desse encontro de linguagens, textos e significados, e a partir de traduções necessariamente infiéis, faz-se possível a construção de outros mapas do conhecimento. No entanto, para que haja qualquer tipo de circulação de teorias e conceitos, é preciso a existência de aparatos materiais (por exemplo, as revistas feministas) que organizam traduções e disseminações. Refletindo a partir do lugar específico que ocupei como co-editora da Revista Estudos Feministas entre 1998 e 2002, teço algumas considerações sobre as práticas de mediação praticadas pela revista nas traduções das teorias feministas.
Publicações feministas sediadas em ONGs: limites, alcances e possibilidades
Authors: Toneli Maria Juracy Filgueiras
Published: April 2005

O presente trabalho tem origem na relatoria da segunda sessão sobre publicações feministas sediadas em organizações não-governamentais do I Encontro Brasileiro de Publicações Feministas. Busca, através das contribuições resultantes, caracterizar esse cenário, apontando aspectos comuns entre elas, incluindo suas dificuldades e possibilidades. Além disso, a partir de consulta aos sites das organizações, apresenta uma pequena análise do material por eles disponibilizado nos diversos formatos de textos eletrônicos (artigos, dossiês, folhetos, cartilhas...). O cenário, embora promissor, revela fragilidades que precisam ser consideradas sob pena do comprometimento dos objetivos dos projetos editoriais aqui descritos.
Mulheres atletas: re-significações da corporalidade feminina
Authors: Adelman Miriam
Published: April 2005

A participação esportiva das mulheres contribui para uma re-significação da corporalidade feminina? Lembrando da idéia de Susan Brownmiller, para quem a feminilidade representa, na sociedade moderna, uma "estética da limitação", e trabalhando com noções de gênero e corporalidade advindas particularmente da produção recente de Susan Bordo e Judith Butler, procuro identificar mudanças nas práticas e representações do corpo feminino que decorrem da atividade esportiva. Analiso depoimentos de atletas brasileiras profissionais, algumas praticantes de um esporte de elite (hipismo) e, outras, de um esporte mais popular (o vôlei). Incorporo também a análise de imagens culturais da atleta, como veiculadas nos meios de comunicação. Evidências de pesquisa de campo mostram que, se, por um lado, as atletas de fato participam da "desconstrução" de certos elementos da mencionada "estética da limitação", por outro, continuam em uma cultura na qual a atividade esportiva das mulheres pode 'comprometer a feminilidade' da atleta.
Feministas y feminismos en el II Foro Social Mundial de Porto Alegre
Authors: Chejter Silvia , Laudano Claudia
Published: April 2005

El artículo trata acerca de la presencia feminista en el II Foro Social Mundial, realizado en Porto Alegre, a fines de enero y principio de febrero de 2002. En el marco de los discursos y prácticas de oposición a la globalización neoliberal hegemónica, los movimientos de mujeres y feministas colocaron en el centro del debate diferentes aspectos de la interrelación entre patriarcado y capitalismo desde distintos enfoques y estrategias.
¿Quien quiere genero cuando puede tener sexo?
Authors: Garrido Lucy
Published: April 2005

A partir de un paneo sobre la definición de red y del trabajo en redes del movimiento feminista, y de algunas de las últimas experiencias de coordinación regional, el artículo plantea la interrogante "Articular cómo, desde dónde y para qué". Se sugieren tres grandes líneas de trabajo que en varios casos guían o podrían guiar la acción feminista regional. La inserción en el Foro Social Mundial forma parte de la estrategia de incidencia que la Articulación Feminista Marcosur se ha dado para contestar esa pregunta. Y la elección del tema y el estilo de la campaña "Tu boca fundamental contra los fundamentalismos", es una manera de responder a la del título: "quién quiere género cuando puede tener sexo?"
Jovens, feministas, em movimento: a Marcha Mundial das Mulheres no III Acampamento Intercontinental da Juventude
Authors: Di Giovanni Julia Ruiz
Published: April 2005

O propósito deste texto é aproveitar as questões suscitadas pela participação da Marcha Mundial das Mulheres no III Acampamento Intercontinental da Juventude. As atividades e as ações propostas pelas jovens feministas de todos os continentes revelaram que as experiências dessa nova geração política atualizaram e renovaram as questões fundamentais da organização dos movimentos feministas.
Gênero e políticas públicas
Authors: Farah Marta Ferreira Santos
Published: April 2005

Análise da incorporação da perspectiva de gênero por políticas públicas desenvolvidas por governos subnacionais no Brasil. O artigo inicia-se com uma reconstituição da agenda de gênero e de sua relação com a agenda de reforma do Estado e das políticas públicas desde a década de 1980. Identificam-se a seguir propostas formuladas por movimentos de mulheres e entidades feministas no campo das políticas públicas. Com base nessas propostas, são analisados programas das áreas de saúde, combate à violência contra a mulher e geração de emprego e renda, destacando-se a maior ou menor aderência das iniciativas locais à agenda feminista.
Observações sobre a libido colonizada: tentando pensar ao largo do patriarcado
Authors: Bensusan Hilan
Published: April 2005

Nestas observações procuro refletir sobre algumas conseqüências da maneira como pensamos e vivemos nossos desejos. Procuro contrastar nossos desejos com a idéia de liberdade e com a maneira como pensamos a natureza. Isso me leva rapidamente a pensar na pornografia, na identidade masculina e em seguida no nosso regime de auto-estima. Desemboco então em um conjunto de temas que se relacionam com as estruturas institucionais e emocionais do patriarcado sob um regime de heterossexualidade normatizada. Tento considerar esses temas sob um ponto de vista da experiência de quem foi treinado na masculinidade e se incomoda com suas conseqüências. Procuro encontrar um modo de repensar o agenciamento de nossos desejos e encontrar caminhos para um exercício de nossas capacidades de desejo que sejam, de alguma forma, mais livres.
Os direitos da mulher à terra e os movimentos sociais rurais na reforma agrária brasileira
Authors: Deere Carmen Diana
Published: April 2005

Este artigo examina a evolução da reivindicação dos direitos da mulher à terra na reforma agrária brasileira sob o prisma dos três principais movimentos sociais rurais: o Movimento dos Trabalhadores Rurais Sem Terra (MST), os sindicatos rurais e o movimento autônomo de mulheres rurais. O mérito maior por levantar a questão dos direitos da mulher à terra é das mulheres dentro dos sindicatos rurais. Os direitos formais das mulheres à terra foram conseguidos na reforma constitucional de 1988, e em grande medida isso foi um subproduto do esforço para acabar com a discriminação contra as mulheres em todos as suas dimensões. A conquista das igualdades formais, contudo, não levou a um aumento na parcela de mulheres beneficiárias da reforma, a qual permaneceu baixa até a metade da década de 1990. Isso aconteceu principalmente porque garantir na prática os direitos da mulher à terra não estava entre as prioridades dos movimentos sociais rurais. Além disso, o principal movimento social a determinar o passo da reforma agrária, o (MST), considerava classe e gênero questões incompatíveis. Próximo ao final da década de 1990, entretanto, havia uma consciência crescente de que deixar de reconhecer os direitos da mulher à terra era prejudicial ao desenvolvimento e à consolidação dos assentamentos da reforma agrária e, portanto, para o movimento. O crescente consenso, entre todos os movimentos sociais rurais, sobre a importância em assegurar o direito da mulher à terra, junto com um lobby efetivo, encorajou o Estado em 2001 a adotar mecanismos específicos para a inclusão de mulheres na reforma agrária.
Gênero e agricultura: a situação da mulher na agricultura do Rio Grande do Sul
Authors: Brumer Anita
Published: April 2005

O texto examina as formas de inserção das mulheres na agricultura familiar, procurando explicar a seletividade de gênero do processo migratório. Primeiramente, aborda a distribuição da população, por sexo e por grupos de idade, em diversas regiões do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul, caracterizando o maior índice de emigração de mulheres jovens do que dos demais grupos etários e de sexo. Depois, trata da divisão do trabalho por sexo e idade, dos efeitos da modernização sobre o trabalho agrícola, da inserção dos jovens no trabalho da unidade produtiva familiar, das atividades fora da agricultura e dos procedimentos utilizados pelos produtores agrícolas para a transmissão da propriedade rural para os filhos. Finalmente, discute o possível efeito do acesso das mulheres rurais à Previdência Rural sobre suas perspectivas de permanecer ou não na atividade agrícola.
Relações de gênero e subjetividades no devir MST
Authors: Silva Cristiani Bereta da
Published: April 2005

Os relatórios internos e as diversas e distintas publicações do e sobre o MST produzidos nos últimos 20 anos desvelam processos que permitem perceber que outras preocupações foram constituídas em meio às lutas e disputas pela conquista da terra. Essas preocupações foram mudando, adquirindo outros contornos nas idas e vindas da produção de idéias, práticas e sujeitos de um Movimento em construção. Este estudo é um exercício crítico de reflexão sobre a natureza dessas produções nas relações cotidianas, nas tentativas de construir sujeitos militantes. Busca investigar como as mudanças foram sendo construídas e de que forma foram investidas sobre as relações de trabalho, sociais, políticas e, também, afetivas de mulheres e homens, bem como de homens e homens, e de mulheres e mulheres nas dobras do MST.
Estratégias de implementação do processo de enfermagem para uma pessoa infectada pelo HIV
Authors: Sena Cristina Arreguy , Carvalho Emilia Campos de , Rossi Lídia Aparecida , Ruffino Márcia Caron
Published: April 2005

Buscando valorizar a utilização de estratégias como os métodos de ensino e de aprendizagem, a técnica de relaxamento e o "coping é relatado um estudo de caso de uma pessoa infectada pelo HIV e portadora da Síndrome da Imunodeficiência Adquirida (AIDS) que se encontra hospitalizada. Adotou-se, como referencial teórico, o modelo conceptual de Dorothéia Orem (OREM, 1985), a proposta de Risner para a condução do raciocínio diagnóstico e a Uniformização do Diagnóstico de Enfermagem proposta pela NANDA (NANDA, 1996). Dos diagnósticos identificados foram selecionados três para exemplificar as fases de planejamento, implementação e avaliação do processo.
A comunicação não-verbal nas interações enfermeiro-usuário em atendimentos de saúde mental
Authors: Castro Rosiani B. R. de , Silva Maria Júlia Paes da
Published: April 2005

Neste estudo exploratório-descritivo, analisamos a comunicação não-verbal do enfermeiro em 11 interações em atendimentos de saúde mental. Dentre os sinais não verbais observados, maior número foi utilizado para a demonstração de sentimentos, decodificados principalmente, como interesse, atenção, tranqüilidade/descontração, tensão/medo, indiferença, ansiedade e irritação. Identificamos também o não-verbal contradizendo o verbal, alertando-nos que a maneira contraditória de emitir mensagens pode dar interpretação dupla ou distorcida da mensagem enviada. Em nossa percepção, a maioria dos enfermeiros pesquisados não está atenta o suficiente para perceber conscientemente o quanto a forma não-verbal de comunicar-se pode influir na assistência e na humanização dos atendimentos.