bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mg3Al2Si3O12 jeffbenite inclusion in super-deep diamonds is thermodynamically stable at very shallow Earth’s depths
Authors: Nestola Fabrizio , Prencipe Mauro , Belmonte Donato
Published: January 2023

Jeffbenite (having the same chemical composition of pyrope, ~ Mg3Al2Si3O12, and also known as TAPP phase) is a mineral inclusion only found in diamonds formed between about 300 and 1000 km depth) and is considered a stable phase in the transition zone (410–660 km depth) and/or in the shallowest regions of the lower mantle (around 660–700 km depth). This rare and enigmatic mineral is considered to be a pressure marker for super-deep diamonds and therefore it has a key role in super-deep diamond research. However, the pressure–temperature stability fields for Mg3Al2Si3O12 jeffbenite is unknown and its actual formation conditions remain unexplored. Here we have determined the thermodynamic pressure–temperature stability field for the jeffbenite Mg-end member and surprisingly discovered that it is stable at low pressure–temperature conditions, i.e., 2–4 GPa at 800 and 500 °C. Thus, Mg3Al2Si3O12 jeffbenite is not the high-pressure polymorph of pyrope and is likely a retrogressed phase formed during the late ascent stages of super-deep diamonds to the surface.
Improving clinical trial design using interpretable machine learning based prediction of early trial termination
Authors: Kavalci Ece , Hartshorn Anthony
Published: January 2023

This study proposes using a machine learning pipeline to optimise clinical trial design. The goal is to predict early termination probability of clinical trials using machine learning modelling, and to understand feature contributions driving early termination. This will inform further suggestions to the study protocol to reduce the risk of wasted resources. A dataset containing 420,268 clinical trial records and 24 fields was extracted from the ct.gov registry. In addition to study characteristics features, 12,864 eligibility criteria search features are used, generated using a public annotated eligibility criteria dataset, CHIA. Furthermore, disease categorization features are used allowing a study to belong more than one category specified by clinicaltrials.gov. Ensemble models including random forest and extreme gradient boosting classifiers were used to train and evaluate predictive performance. We achieved a Receiver Operator Characteristic Area under the Curve score of 0.80, and balanced accuracy of 0.70 on the test set using gradient boosting classification. We used Shapley Additive Explanations to interpret the termination predictions to flag feature contributions. The proposed pipeline will lead to an optimised clinical trial design and consequently help potentially life-saving treatments reach patients faster.
Aβ efflux impairment and inflammation linked to cerebrovascular accumulation of amyloid-forming amylin secreted from pancreas
Authors: Verma Nirmal , Velmurugan Gopal Viswanathan , Winford Edric , Coburn Han , Kotiya Deepak , Leibold Noah , Radulescu Laura , Despa Sanda , Chen Kuey C. , Van Eldik Linda J. , Nelson Peter T. , Wilcock Donna M. , Jicha Gregory A. , Stowe Ann M. , Goldstein Larry B. , Powel David K. , Walton Jeffrey H. , Navedo Manuel F. , Nystoriak Matthew A. , Murray Andrew J. , Biessels Geert Jan , Troakes Claire , Zetterberg Henrik , Hardy John , Lashley Tammaryn , Despa Florin
Published: January 2023

Impairment of vascular pathways of cerebral β-amyloid (Aβ) elimination contributes to Alzheimer disease (AD). Vascular damage is commonly associated with diabetes. Here we show in human tissues and AD-model rats that bloodborne islet amyloid polypeptide (amylin) secreted from the pancreas perturbs cerebral Aβ clearance. Blood amylin concentrations are higher in AD than in cognitively unaffected persons. Amyloid-forming amylin accumulates in circulating monocytes and co-deposits with Aβ within the brain microvasculature, possibly involving inflammation. In rats, pancreatic expression of amyloid-forming human amylin indeed induces cerebrovascular inflammation and amylin-Aβ co-deposits. LRP1-mediated Aβ transport across the blood-brain barrier and Aβ clearance through interstitial fluid drainage along vascular walls are impaired, as indicated by Aβ deposition in perivascular spaces. At the molecular level, cerebrovascular amylin deposits alter immune and hypoxia-related brain gene expression. These converging data from humans and laboratory animals suggest that altering bloodborne amylin could potentially reduce cerebrovascular amylin deposits and Aβ pathology.
The molecular-level effect of alkoxide additives in iron-catalyzed Kumada cross-coupling with simple ferric salts
Authors: Bakas Nikki J. , Chourreu Pablo , Gayon Eric , Lefèvre Guillaume , Neidig Michael L.
Published: January 2023

Alkoxide additives promote the formation of low-coordinate homoleptic iron(ii) intermediates in cross-coupling reactions with simple iron salts.
Base-mediated ketenimine formation from N-sulfonylthioimidates for the synthesis of 5-amino-1-vinyl/aryl-1,2,3-triazoles
Authors: Chen Wan-Yu , Lin Wei-Han , Kuo Chia-Jou , Liang Chien-Fu
Published: January 2023

N-Sulfonylthioimidate was converted to ketenimine under basic conditions. The reaction with vinyl/aryl azides was induced to cause dipolar cycloaddition to form 5-amino-1-vinyl/aryl-1,2,3-triazoles.
Hydrazone dye passivator for high-performance and stable perovskite solar cells
Authors: Sun Zeyuan , Gu Ningxia , Feng Ye , Song Lixin , Du Pingfan , Jiang Hua , Xiong Jie
Published: January 2023

This work synthesized a hydrazone dye with a carbonyl and pyrazolone structure and benzene ring to passivate defects, significantly improving the perovskite solar cell's efficiency and stability.
Plasma processing: a sustainable technology in agri-food processing
Authors: Rajan Anbarasan , Boopathy Bhavadharini , Radhakrishnan Mahendran , Rao Lakshminarayana , Schlüter Oliver K. , Tiwari Brijesh K.
Published: January 2023

Overview of the different applications of plasma in pre and post-harvest processing of agri-food chain.
Improvements in gait and balance in patients with multiple sclerosis after treatment with coconut oil and epigallocatechin gallate. A pilot study
Authors: Cuerda-Ballester María , Proaño Belén , Alarcón-Jimenez Jorge , de Bernardo Nieves , Villaron-Casales Carlos , Lajara Romance José María , de la Rubia Ortí Jose Enrique
Published: January 2023

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a neurodegenerative disease that progressively decreases the muscular and functional capacity.
Anti-obesity effect of vegetable juice fermented with lactic acid bacteria isolated from kimchi in C57BL/6J mice and human mesenchymal stem cells
Authors: Lee Moeun , Yun Ye-Rang , Choi Eun Ji , Song Jung Hee , Kang Jin Yong , Kim Daun , Lee Ki Won , Chang Ji Yoon
Published: January 2023

Investigation of the effect of fermented vegetable juice obtained from a blend of crops (Brassica oleraceavar.capitata,B. oleraceavar.italica,Daucus carotaL. andBeta vulgaris) on adipogenesis and identification of active compounds.
Activating zinc-ion storage in MXene through Mn4+ loading on surface terminations
Authors: Zhang Boya , Du Yiqun , Kang Rongkai , Zhou Wei , Wang Han , Wan Jiaqi , Zhang Jianxin
Published: January 2023

The Mn4+ loading on the surface terminations successfully activates the zinc-ion storage behavior of Ti3C2Tx MXene.
Atomic layer deposition enables multi-modal three-dimensional electron microscopy of isoporous membranes
Authors: Simon Assaf , Zhang Zhenzhen , Abetz Clarissa , Abetz Volker , Segal-Peretz Tamar
Published: January 2023

3D understanding of block copolymer membranes is challenging due to the lack of inherent contrast between the blocks. Selective growth of AlOx within the pore-forming domain achieved stable contrast enhancement and enabled 3D characterization.
Photon pairs bi-directionally emitted from a resonant metasurface
Authors: Son Changjin , Sultanov Vitaliy , Santiago-Cruz Tomás , Anthur Aravind P. , Zhang Haizhong , Paniagua-Dominguez Ramon , Krivitsky Leonid , Kuznetsov Arseniy I. , Chekhova Maria V.
Published: January 2023

SPDC in a metasurface with the signal and idler photons emitted in opposite directions.
Dramatic improvement in the stability and mechanism of high-performance inverted polymer solar cells featuring a solution-processed buffer layer
Authors: Sung Yun-Ming , Chang Cheng-Hsun-Tony , Tsao Cheng-Si , Lin Hua-Kai , Cha Hou-Chin , Jiang Pei-Cheng , Liu Tian-Cheng , Chang Kang-Wei , Huang Yu-Ching , Tsay Jyh-Shen
Published: January 2023

In this study, we demonstrate inverted PTB7:PC71BM polymer solar cells featuring a solution-processed s-MoO3 hole transport layer that can, after thermal aging at 85 °C, retain their initial power conversion efficiency for at least 2200 h.
Toward a new generation of permeable skin electronics
Authors: Yang Jiawei , Zhang Zongman , Zhou Pengcheng , Zhang Yujie , Liu Yi , Xu Yumiao , Gu Yuheng , Qin Shenglin , Haick Hossam , Wang Yan
Published: January 2023

This article provides a comprehensive and systematic review of permeable skin-mountable electronics, with a focus on representative porous materials and structures, device properties, and latest applications.
Desorption and ablation regimes in UV-MALDI: the critical fluence
Authors: Alonso E. , Conde A. Peralta
Published: January 2023

Although MALDI is a widely used technique, there is so far no theoretical description able to reproduce some critical aspects of the experimental results.
Catalytic production of 1,2-propanediol from sucrose over a functionalized Pt/deAl-beta zeolite catalyst
Authors: Wang Shizhuo , Jiang Jikang , Gu Minyan , Gao Feng , Shen Zheng
Published: January 2023

A Pt/deAl-beta@Mg(OH)2 alkaline core–shell structured catalytic system was designed for producing 1,2-PDO from sucrose via one-step hydrogenolysis.
Experimental investigation of the dehumidification and decarburization performance of metal–organic frameworks in solid adsorption air conditioning
Authors: Chen Liu , Yang Famei
Published: January 2023

Solid adsorption air conditioning systems use solid adsorption materials to co-adsorb water vapor and carbon dioxide, allowing the humidity and carbon dioxide concentration in the air-conditioned room to be controlled.
Synthesis of benzo[b]furans from alkynyl sulfoxides and phenols by the interrupted Pummerer reaction
Authors: Kobayashi Akihiro , Matsuzawa Tsubasa , Hosoya Takamitsu , Yoshida Suguru
Published: January 2023

The interrupted Pummerer reaction of alkynyl sulfoxides with phenols is disclosed. The good availability of alkynyl sulfoxides and phenols enabled us to prepare various functionalized benzo[b]furans.
Designing strategies and enhancing mechanism for multicomponent high-entropy catalysts
Authors: Xu Haitao , Jin Zeyu , Zhang Yinghe , Lin Xi , Xie Guoqiang , Liu Xingjun , Qiu Hua-Jun
Published: January 2023

In this review, HEM-based catalyst designing strategies were summarized, including nanostructure design, defect engineering, strain effect, composition regulation, and theoretical calculation/prediction.
Replacing all petroleum-based chemical products with natural biomass-based chemical products: a tutorial review
Authors: Mori Ryohei
Published: January 2023

Production quantity ratio of petroleum derived chemical products. This also presents the concept of replacing all petroleum-based chemical products with natural biomass-based chemical products.
The atypical thioredoxin ‘Alr2205’, a newly identified partner of the typical 2-Cys-Peroxiredoxin, safeguards the cyanobacterium Anabaena from oxidative stress
Authors: Banerjee Manisha , Waghamare Namrata , Kalwani Prakash , Hurali Deepak T. , Agarwal Rachna , Ballal Anand
Published: January 2023

Thioredoxins (Trxs) are ubiquitous proteins that play vital roles in several physiological processes. Alr2205, a thioredoxin-like protein from Anabaena PCC 7120, was found to be evolutionarily closer to the Trx-domain of the NADPH-Thioredoxin Reductase C than the other thioredoxins. The Alr2205 protein showed disulfide reductase activity despite the presence a non-canonical active site motif ‘CPSC’. Alr2205 not only physically interacted with, but also acted as a physiological reductant of Alr4641 (the typical 2-Cys-Peroxiredoxin from Anabaena), supporting its peroxidase function. Structurally, Alr2205 was a monomeric protein that formed an intramolecular disulfide bond between the two active site cysteines (Cys-38 and Cys-41). However, the Alr2205C41S protein, wherein the resolving cysteine was mutated to serine, was capable of forming intermolecular disulfide bond and exist as a dimer when treated with H2O2. Overproduction of Alr2205 in E. coli protected cells from heavy metals, but not oxidative stress. To delve into its physiological role, Alr2205/Alr2205C41S was overexpressed in Anabaena, and the ability of the corresponding strains (An2205+ or An2205C41S+) to withstand environmental stresses was assessed. An2205+ showed higher resistance to H2O2 than An2205C41S+, indicating that the disulfide reductase function of this protein was critical to protect cells from this peroxide. Although, An2205+ did not show increased capability to withstand cadmium stress, An2205C41S+ was more susceptible to this heavy metal. This is the first study that provides a vital understanding into the function of atypical thioredoxins in countering the toxic effects of heavy metals/H2O2 in prokaryotes.
The importance of placental lipid metabolism across gestation in obese and non-obese pregnancies
Authors: Siemers Kyle M. , Baack Michelle L.
Published: January 2023

In this commentary, we highlight a new study by Bidne and colleagues that identifies changes in placental lipids and lipid metabolic enzymes that happen not only in the context of parental obesity but also from as early as 4 weeks of gestation. Their assessment of lipid and enzyme content demonstrates a feasible approach to untangling the complexities of metabolic pathologies that impact the lifelong health of both parent and child.
A rapid state estimation method for calculating transmission capacity despite cyber security concerns
Authors: Eidiani Mostafa
Published: January 2023

The present paper simulates cyberattacks in DIgSILENT for energy management and state estimation. Assuming hackers have adequate information to alter input data, they can alter the power market and the available transmission capability (ATC). Detection programs may fail if false information is coordinated in the presence of error information. The minimum number of network measurements before the state estimation program converges is 54% of the total measurements. In the new method, weighted least squares improve the state estimation speed. The new method can also improve the speed of ATC. In addition to identifying the cyberattack, the algorithm in the present paper can be used to identify the target of the attack. It also uses complete and correct information and even incorrect measurements to report state estimator errors. The present paper shows that ATC values follow the inverse pattern of load and loss. A real sample network is presented at the end of the paper to test the suggested method.
Distributed energy sharing algorithm for Micro Grid energy system based on cloud computing
Authors: Su Wenwei , Shi Yan
Published: January 2023

The reduction of adverse environmental effects and the socioeconomic advantages of renewable energy systems promote greater integration of distributed energy systems into the traditional electrical networks. A new type of sharing economy is emerging with the sharing of energy resources to reduce transaction costs by using platform services in the cloud. Given the obstacles posed by the legacy system and various forms of renewable energy integration, Distributed Energy and Micro Grids (DE‐MG) are an efficient means of raising the quality of energy services. Rules for microgrid scalability, maintaining a budget, and security can make this difficult. Consumers are better at receiving the best renewable energy allotment price using a cloud‐based Peer‐to‐Peer (P2P) network. The main objective is to lower the daily energy cost of microgrid power in commercial buildings. In the proposed work, cloud‐based P2P for peer‐Multi Agent System (p‐MAS) optimization techniques are used to reduce system peak and integrated Demand Response (DR) with Energy Management System (EMS) in a commercial MG. To fill knowledge gaps about how various power market architectures and individual decision‐making processes impact local interactions and market outcomes, cloud‐based P2P for Modelling Leveraging Agents (MLA) is used for bill calculation. A performance measure is finally created for cost evaluation and reliability to measure the social benefits of cloud‐based P2P models for exchanging energy. For various price environments and resource types, a comparison between the proposed cloud‐based P2P model with an existing P2P model for exchanging energy is provided. The primary use of a distributed P2P model for exchanging power in a microgrid is to reduce electricity costs and increase grid environment reliability.
Exponential stabilization for carbon nanotubes modeled as Timoshenko beams with thermoelastic effects
Authors: Ramos Anderson J.A. , Rincon Mauro A. , Madureira Rodrigo L.R. , Freitas Mirelson M.
Published: January 2023

In this article we consider the problem of heat conduction in carbon nanotubes modeled like Timoshenko beams, inspired by the work of Yoonet al. [Compos. Part B: Eng.35(2004) 87–93]. Using the theory of semigroups of linear operators, we prove the well-posedness of the problem and the exponential stabilization of the total energy of the system of differential equations, partially damped, without assuming the known relationship of equality of wave velocities. Furthermore, we analyze the fully discrete problem using a finite difference scheme, introduced by a spatiotemporal discretization that combines explicit and implicit integration methods. We show the construction of numerical energy and simulations that prove our theoretical exponential decay results and display the convergence rates.
Favoriser le développement du raisonnement clinique des étudiants en médecine : une démarche d’amélioration
Authors: Cleverley-Leblanc Heidi , Chemin Clara , Sader Julia , Junod Noëlle , Zamberg Ido , Schiffer Eduardo , Nendaz Mathieu , Audétat Marie-Claude
Published: January 2023

Contexte et problématique : La littérature scientifique récente nous force à constater que les étudiants en médecine rencontrent des difficultés pour développer leurs raisonnement clinique. De plus, il semblerait qu’ils gagnent à être stimulés afin de raisonner. Or, ils manquent d’opportunités et de ressources pédagogiques à cet effet. Comment encourager et rendre accessible l’apprentissage du raisonnement clinique, aux étudiants en médecine ? Buts : Présenter les réflexions qui ont conduit à la création d’un nouvel outil pédagogique numérique, visant à favoriser le développement du raisonnement clinique dans le contexte de soins, chez les étudiants de la faculté de médecine à l’Université de Genève. Description de l’innovation : Nous avons développé une vidéo reprenant une consultation médicale complète, exposant explicitement le raisonnement clinique du médecin durant l’anamnèse et l’examen physique. Nous dévoilons le « pourquoi » qui se cache derrière les questions et les gestes de l’examen clinique, et mettons ainsi du sens sur chaque parole et geste du médecin, lors d’une consultation. Conclusion : La valeur des connaissances des étudiants réside dans leur capacité à se les approprier, les exploiter et les réinvestir avec justesse dans une intervention clinique. Notre outil permet de soutenir l’apprentissage précoce du raisonnement clinique afin de permettre aux étudiants de mettre en valeur leurs connaissances en les exploitants de manière pertinente.
Wunsch nach Lernplattform – Mediale Bedürfnisse im Praktikum
Authors: Kranz Florence
Published: January 2023

Während ihrer Hochschulausbildung entwickeln angehende Ergotherapeut*innen berufliche Kompetenzen, die sie in ihren Praktika zum Einsatz bringen. Stehen sie dabei vor Hürden, führt sie die Suche nach Lösungen mitunter ins World Wide Web. Daher untersuchte Bettina Großauer in ihrer Masterarbeit, welche Bedürfnisse Studierende und deren Anleiter*innen mit Blick auf das digitale Lernen und Lehren im Praktikum haben.
Partizipation als Dreh- und Angelpunkt – Canadian Model of Occupational Participation
Authors: Strebel Helen
Published: January 2023

2022 veröffentlichte der kanadische Ergotherapieverband das Canadian Model of Occupational Participation (CanMOP). Dabei handelt es sich um ein neues Inhaltsmodell, das die Betätigungsperformanz von Individuen und Gemeinschaften in den Mittelpunkt stellt.
Betätigung als roter Faden – Erfahrungen mit klientenzentrierter Ergotherapie
Authors: Romein Ellen
Published: January 2023

Eine klienten- und betätigungszentrierte Sichtweise steht zwar im aktuellen ergotherapeutischen Paradigma im Fokus, stellt jedoch Ergotherapeutinnen immer wieder vor Herausforderungen. Ellen Romein gibt in ihrem Buch „Ergotherapie – durch Betätigung und Klientenzentrierung Teilhabe verbessern“ anhand von 35 Fallgeschichten Anregungen und Inspirationen für die Umsetzung in der Praxis. Ein Auszug.
Den Wandel wagen – Ergotherapie in der forensischen Psychiatrie
Authors: Haase Dagmar
Published: January 2023

Im aktuellen ergotherapeutischen Paradigma ist der Begriff der Beschäftigungstherapie nahezu vollständig verschwunden. Nicht so in der Forensik. Dagmar Haase berichtet über den Veränderungsprozess in einer forensischen Einrichtung in Bayern: von der Beschäftigungstherapie hin zu einer betätigungsorientierten und klientenzentrierten Ergotherapie.
Einklemmungsphänomene als Ursache für eine Parese des
N. abducens
Authors: Engemann Katharina
Published: January 2023

In osteopathischen Praxen stellen sich immer wieder Patienten mit einer
Lähmung der Augenmuskeln vor. Paresen der Augenmuskulatur können
aufgrund verschiedenster Ursachen entstehen. Sie können traumatisch oder
vaskulär bedingt, Symptom einer Raumforderung oder einer anderen
neurologischen Erkrankung sein. Welche Möglichkeiten bestehen vonseiten
der Osteopathie, den Heilungsprozess zu unterstützen?
‘Building back better’ or sustaining the unsustainable? The climate impacts of Bank of England QE in the Covid-19 pandemic
Authors: Bailey Daniel
Published: January 2023

The environmental impacts of monetary policy received academic attention after the 2008 financial crisis and the ‘market neutral’ quantitative easing policies that followed. This article examines the Bank of England’s Corporate Covid Financing Facility (CCFF) and the Asset Purchasing Facility (APF) between June 2020 and June 2021 to assess whether the Bank’s response to the COVID-19 pandemic was aligned with the transition to sustainability. The data indicates that the Bank of England’s monetary allocation schemes again served as a panacea for businesses with ecologically intensive business models and a Treasury committed to restoring the pre-existing growth model. Indeed, the Bank’s QE schemes now represents an element of the crisis management governance that repeatedly ‘locks in’ the ecologically-calamitous economic trajectory at potential critical junctures. The Bank’s shielding of its technocratic and depoliticised status has thus far inhibited any leadership role in tackling the climate crisis, despite its growing power as an actor of economic governance at times of crisis and purported enthusiasm to ‘build back better’.
Measuring the occupational segregation of males and females in Pakistan in a multigroup context
Authors: Khan Muhammad Zaheer , Said Rusmawati , Mazlan Nur Syazwani , Nor Norashidah Mohamed
Published: January 2023

This study measures the occupational segregation of male and female workers in Pakistan using the microdata obtained from the labour force survey of Pakistan for the period 2013–18. The local segregation method is used to study occupational segregation by gender and for several subgroups based on individual and labour market characteristics. Results show that female segregation explains a substantially large proportion of the overall gender segregation, even though the demographic weight of the female labour force is low compared to the male labour force. The analysis of different age groups shows that occupational segregation is significantly higher among elderly males than males in other age groups. Similarly, for females, occupational segregation is significantly higher among elderly females compared to females in other age groups and males in any age group. Furthermore, it is also found that human capital characteristics such as higher education do not contribute to reducing occupational segregation in the labour market, as both males and females with higher levels of education are more segregated than those with low education. Finally, the study concludes that the devaluation and compensating differentials theories partially explain gender segregation in Pakistan.
Comment on “Noether’s-type theorems on time scales” [J. Math. Phys. 61, 113502 (2020)]
Authors: Torres Delfim F. M.
Published: January 2023

We comment on the validity of Noether’s theorem and on the conclusions of Anerot et al. [J. Math. Phys. 61(11), 113502 (2020)].
A study of radar reflection signal characteristics in multi-domain using a closed plasma generator
Authors: Song Lihao , Bai Bowen , Li Xiaoping , Niu Gezhao , Liu Yanming , Mao Yiding
Published: January 2023

This paper theoretically and experimentally studies the radar reflection signal characteristics in a multi-domain using a closed plasma generator, especially for a correlation domain. A multi-domain computation method is proposed for a radar signal reflected by a metal covered with plasma. The reflected signal characteristics are studied in the time, frequency, and correlation domain. A closed plasma generator device is designed to verify the computation method for the radar signal reflected from metal plate covered with plasma experimentally. The plasma in the device is terminated by a transmission window at one end and a metal plate at another end, which is able to provide the environment for a radar signal reflection experiment. Based on the theoretical and the experimental results, the time and frequency domain of radar reflection signal not only show the amplitude attenuation characteristics but also frequency dispersion phenomenon. For the correlation domain characteristics of the radar reflection signal, the peak value in correlation domain significantly decreases, which demonstrates the stealth effect of the plasma. The effect of plasma and radar parameters on the peak value decrease phenomenon, as well as the stealth effect in the correlation domain, is further analyzed.
Layered, tunable graphene oxide-nylon composite heterostructures for wearable electrocardiogram sensors
Authors: Hallfors N. G. , Maksimovski D. , Farhat I. A. H. , Abi Jaoude M. , Devarajan A. R. , Liao K. , Ismail M. , Pade H. , Adhikari R. Y. , Isakovic A. F.
Published: January 2023

Nanoscale engineered materials combined with wearable wireless technologies can deliver a new level of health monitoring. A reduced graphene oxide-nylon composite material is developed and tested, demonstrating its usefulness as a material for sensors in wearable, long-term electrocardiogram (ECG) monitoring via a comparison to one of the widely used ECG sensors. The structural analysis by scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy shows a limited number of defects on a macroscopic scale. Fourier transform infrared and Raman spectroscopy confirm the presence of rGOx, and the ratio of D- and G-features as a function of thickness correlates with the resistivity analysis. The negligible effect of the defects and the tunability of electrical and optical properties, together with live ECG data, demonstrate its signal transduction capability. Other potential electronic and optical sensor uses beyond ECG are possible, given the controllable nature of the heterostructures and the correlation of transport and optical properties.
The protection design method of the engine control system under electromagnetic pulses
Authors: Cao Jie , Wei Minxiang
Published: January 2023

This study assessed the survivability of an engine control system under intense electromagnetic pulses. It investigated the electromagnetic sensitivity of the system under the action of intense electromagnetic pulses. In this work, the evaluation focuses on the terminal circuit of the control system. It proposes a co-design method for electromagnetic pulse protection circuits on a printed circuit board. The electromagnetic interference mechanism and phenomena were analyzed through simulation and experiments. The electromagnetic susceptibility of the control system was tested using the bulk current injection test method, and the pulse coupling signal of the sensitive part was obtained. Subsequently, the terminal circuit was analyzed using a numerical calculation method. The pulse coupling signal was injected into the terminal circuit. Thus, we can determine why the control system exhibits sensitive phenomena. Then, a protection circuit of the terminal circuit was established. The design method’s advantage is accurately locating the circuit’s sensitive points and reducing the controller circuit’s electromagnetic sensitivity by designing the circuit without drastically changing the original circuit. At the same time, the redundancy of protection circuit design can be effectively reduced.
First-principles based computational framework for the thermal conductivity of complex intermetallics: The case study of MgZn2 and Mg4Zn7
Authors: Wang Ao , Li Shouhang , Ying Tao , Zeng Xiaoqin , Bao Hua
Published: January 2023

Complex intermetallics usually exist as second phases in metal alloys. How these second phases can affect the thermal conductivity of alloys is generally unknown because the intrinsic thermal transport properties of these complex intermetallic compounds are quite less explored. In this work, we propose a computational framework based on first-principles calculations to study the electron and phonon thermal transport in complex intermetallics. Two typical intermetallics, i.e., MgZn2 and Mg4Zn7, are studied as prototypes. The rigorous mode-level first-principles calculations are first carried out to study the thermal transport of MgZn2. The calculations not only provide accurate thermal conductivity results, but also allow to prove that the constant relaxation time approximation and the Slack model work quite well in complex intermetallics. Then these two models are combined with first-principles calculations to predict the thermal transport properties for Mg4Zn7. Our results show that the directional average thermal conductivities for MgZn2 and Mg4Zn7 are 53.9 and 21.9 W/mK, significantly smaller than those of their elemental counterparts. Electrons are found to be the main heat carriers in these compounds, leading to a nearly temperature-independent thermal conductivity. Phonon thermal conductivity is negligible due to large unit cells and weak metallic bondings. Our work provides reliable thermal conductivity values for MgZn2 and Mg4Zn7. The computational framework developed in this work can also be further extended to study the electrical and thermal transport of other complex intermetallics.
Direct calibration of neutron detectors for laser-driven nuclear reaction experiments with a gated neutron source
Authors: Xi Xiaofeng , Zhang Guoqiang , Liu Fulong , Fu Guangyong , He Chuangye , Chen Hongtao , Lv Chong , Sun Wei , Zhang Kai , Wang Putong , Deng Xiangai , Ma Zhiguo , Fu Changbo , Guo Bing
Published: January 2023

Nowadays, the sustained technological progress in high-intensity lasers is opening up the possibility of super-intense laser pulses to trigger or substantially influence nuclear reactions. However, it is a big challenge to quantitatively measure the reaction products because of the interference of electromagnetic pulses induced by high-intensity lasers. Fast scintillation detectors are widely chosen for fast neutron detection. The calibration of neutron detectors is crucial to measuring the yield of neutron products. Since one large signal superimposed by a number of neutron signals appears during a short period, it is difficult to directly and precisely calibrate the detectors’ response for a single neutron. In the present work, we developed a direct calibration method with a gated fission neutron source 252Cf to solve this problem. This work demonstrates that the gated fission neutron source approach, with a unique “Pulse Shape Discrimination & Time of Flight window” function, has the highest background-γ-rejection and improves the confidence level of the final results for both liquid and plastic scintillator. Compared with the result of Compton edge method and neutron beam method, the gated fission neutron source method achieves much cleaner neutron signals and avoids interference caused by the modeling accuracy of the neutron detectors. This approach can be widely used in laser-driven nuclear physics experiments with higher accuracy for neutron detection.
Readout of a quantum processor with high dynamic range Josephson parametric amplifiers
Authors: White Theodore , Opremcak Alex , Sterling George , Korotkov Alexander , Sank Daniel , Acharya Rajeev , Ansmann Markus , Arute Frank , Arya Kunal , Bardin Joseph C. , Bengtsson Andreas , Bourassa Alexandre , Bovaird Jenna , Brill Leon , Buckley Bob B. , Buell David A. , Burger Tim , Burkett Brian , Bushnell Nicholas , Chen Zijun , Chiaro Ben , Cogan Josh , Collins Roberto , Crook Alexander L. , Curtin Ben , Demura Sean , Dunsworth Andrew , Erickson Catherine , Fatemi Reza , Burgos Leslie Flores , Forati Ebrahim , Foxen Brooks , Giang William , Giustina Marissa , Grajales Dau Alejandro , Hamilton Michael C. , Harrington Sean D. , Hilton Jeremy , Hoffmann Markus , Hong Sabrina , Huang Trent , Huff Ashley , Iveland Justin , Jeffrey Evan , Kieferová Mária , Kim Seon , Klimov Paul V. , Kostritsa Fedor , Kreikebaum John Mark , Landhuis David , Laptev Pavel , Laws Lily , Lee Kenny , Lester Brian J. , Lill Alexander , Liu Wayne , Locharla Aditya , Lucero Erik , McCourt Trevor , McEwen Matt , Mi Xiao , Miao Kevin C. , Montazeri Shirin , Morvan Alexis , Neeley Matthew , Neill Charles , Nersisyan Ani , Ng Jiun How , Nguyen Anthony , Nguyen Murray , Potter Rebecca , Quintana Chris , Roushan Pedram , Sankaragomathi Kannan , Satzinger Kevin J. , Schuster Christopher , Shearn Michael J. , Shorter Aaron , Shvarts Vladimir , Skruzny Jindra , Smith W. Clarke , Szalay Marco , Torres Alfredo , Woo Bryan W. K. , Yao Z. Jamie , Yeh Ping , Yoo Juhwan , Young Grayson , Zhu Ningfeng , Zobrist Nicholas , Chen Yu , Megrant Anthony , Kelly Julian , Naaman Ofer
Published: January 2023

We demonstrate a high dynamic range Josephson parametric amplifier (JPA) in which the active nonlinear element is implemented using an array of rf-SQUIDs. The device is matched to the 50 Ω environment with a Klopfenstein-taper impedance transformer and achieves a bandwidth of 250–300 MHz with input saturation powers up to −95 dBm at 20 dB gain. A 54-qubit Sycamore processor was used to benchmark these devices, providing a calibration for readout power, an estimation of amplifier added noise, and a platform for comparison against standard impedance matched parametric amplifiers with a single dc-SQUID. We find that the high power rf-SQUID array design has no adverse effect on system noise, readout fidelity, or qubit dephasing, and we estimate an upper bound on amplifier added noise at 1.6 times the quantum limit. Finally, amplifiers with this design show no degradation in readout fidelity due to gain compression, which can occur in multi-tone multiplexed readout with traditional JPAs.
On the origin of polarization fatigue and Curie–von Schweidler relaxation current in Pb(Zrx,Ti1−x)O3 ferroelectric thin films: A unique mechanism based on charge trapping by interface defects
Authors: Bouregba Rachid
Published: January 2023

This article discusses the widespread problem of polarization fatigue in ferroelectric materials. After a review of the bibliographical data on this topic but also on the older and equally widespread problem of dielectric relaxation in solids, a possible correlation between these two phenomena is established by observing that the decrease with time of polarization obeys the Curie–von Schweidler (CVS) law like the relaxation current. An electrical model involving a charge trapping mechanism by electronic defects in bandgap at the contact/ferroelectric interface is then developed, which simultaneously explains polarization fatigue and relaxation current. The CVS law is found considering interface traps with a continuum of time constants. This study sheds new light on the origin of these phenomena, which remain unexplained to date.
A method for near-perfect gas separation in two interconnected streams
Authors: Elmegreen Bruce , Luan Binquan , Neumann Barros Ferreira Rodrigo , O’Conchuir Breanndan
Published: January 2023

Gas separation such as CO2 from N2 in flue gas is an important step in reducing greenhouse gas emission. We discuss a separation method that moves mixed gas between two tracks at different pressures with ever-increasing purity at each stage along the tracks. Designs for adsorbents driven by volumetric pumps and membranes driven by a pressure drop are illustrated. For selectivity exceeding 10 in a three-stage system, the purity of the CO2 output is 97.8% with 99.75% recovered. For a six-stage example, the purity of CO2 is 99.996% and 99.9996% is recovered. The cost of compression is estimated from the number of times the two components have to be pressurized as they move between the tracks. For large selectivity, the effective number of times for CO2 is 2 for the adsorbent case and 3 for the membranes in the three-stage design; these numbers are 5 and 6 in the six-stage design. As a result, the compressional energy requirement per input mole is RTln⁡(C)(1+Af) in the isothermal case for compression factor C, effective number of re-compressions A, and input CO2 fraction f. This compressional energy exceeds the minimum energy from entropy by the factor ∼(1+Af)/f if C=1/f for efficient membrane use.
Digitally encoded RF to optical data transfer using excited Rb without the use of a local oscillator
Authors: Menchetti Marco , Bussey Liam W. , Gilks Daniel , Whitley Tim , Constantinou Costas , Bongs Kai
Published: January 2023

We present a passive RF to optical data transfer without a local oscillator using an atomic “Rydberg” receiver. We demonstrate the ability to detect a 5G frequency carrier wave (3.5 GHz) and decode digital data from the carrier wave without the use of a local oscillator to detect the modulation of the RF signal. The encoding and decoding of the data are achieved using an intermediate frequency (IF). The rubidium vapor detects the changes in the carrier wave's amplitude, which comes from the mixing of the IF onto the carrier. The rubidium vapor then upconverts the IF into the optical domain for detection. Using this technique for data encoding and extraction, we achieve data rates up to 238 kbps with a variety of encoding schemes.
A new method for measuring magnetorheological fluid redispersibility by testing yield stresses of sediments at different depths
Authors: Lv Jingcheng , Wang Shiwei , Li Yao , Wu Mingyu , He Junxiang , Zhao Tong , Wei Yintao
Published: January 2023

Magnetorheological fluid (MRF) is a widely used smart material that suffers from sedimentation. Since sedimentation is unavoidable, it is crucial to study and improve the redispersibility of MRFs. However, previous redispersibility testing methods have problems, such as complicated operation and low precision. Simultaneously, a simple and effective method is urgently needed for high-precision modeling of MRF sedimentation to test the rheological properties of settled MRFs at different depths. After systematically analyzing the redispersion problem, this paper proposes decoupling the energy required for redispersing settled MRFs into two parts, which are related to different factors. These two parts are the energy required to separate the agglomerated particles (related to the MRF formula) and that to redisperse the settled MRF uniformly vertically against gravity (related to the solid concentration and packing limit). The energy that separates the agglomerated particles is proportional to the shear stress of slowly shearing the corresponding agglomerated samples, i.e., the yield stress. Thus, this paper proposes a simple microdamage quasi-static indentation method to measure the yield stresses of settled MRFs at different depths to characterize the redispersibility of the corresponding MRFs. Herein, this method is applied to study the mechanisms of the influences of surfactants, thixotropic agents, and their networks on the redispersibility of MRFs. The results indicate that a well-dispersed plate-like thixotropic agent network can effectively improve redispersibility, while surfactants with poor compatibility degrade redispersibility. In summary, this redispersibility test method will greatly facilitate studies of MRFs, such as optimizing the formulas and establishing sedimentation models.
Terahertz photoconductance dynamics of semiconductors from sub-nanosecond to millisecond timescales
Authors: Butler-Caddle Edward , Grant Nicholas E. , Pain Sophie L. , Murphy John D. , Jayawardena K. D. G. Imalka , Lloyd-Hughes James
Published: January 2023

Optical pump terahertz probe spectroscopy (OPTP) is a versatile non-contact technique that measures transient photoconductance decays with femtosecond temporal resolution. However, its maximum temporal range is limited to only a few nanoseconds by the mechanical delay lines used. We extended the temporal range of OPTP to milliseconds and longer while retaining sub-nanosecond resolution. A separate pump laser was electrically synchronized to the probe pulses, allowing the pump–probe delay to be controlled with an electronic delay generator. We demonstrated the capabilities of this technique by examining the photoconductance decays of semiconductors with lifetimes ranging over six orders of magnitude: III-Vs, metal halide perovskites, germanium, and silicon. A direct comparison of results on silicon from OPTP and inductively coupled photoconductance decay highlighted the higher spatial and temporal resolution of OPTP, which allowed in-plane and out-of-plane carrier diffusion to be studied.
Long-wavelength electromagnetic waves of surface type in circular metal waveguides partially filled by plasma in presence of an axial static magnetic field
Authors: Girka Igor O. , Thumm Manfred
Published: January 2023

The method of successive approximations is applied to solve the Maxwell equations in cylindrical plasma waveguide geometry for electromagnetic waves with arbitrary azimuthal wave index and small axial wavenumber. The theory of surface flute waves is used as zeroth approximation. This study generalizes previous investigations whose results are utilized for verification of newly obtained conclusions. The influences of several plasma waveguide parameters such as magnitude and sign of the azimuthal wave index, the width of the dielectric layer between a plasma and a waveguide wall and the magnitude of its dielectric constant, the radii of the plasma column and the metal wall, and the external axial static magnetic field on the wave dispersion properties are analyzed.
Corrigendum to: White-footed dunnarts (Sminthopsis leucopus) in Queensland’s Wet Tropics, with the description of a new subspecies
Authors: Lavery Tyrone H. , Collett Rachael , Fisher Diana O. , Hoskin Conrad J. , Rowland Jesse
Published: January 2023

A population of white-footed dunnarts (Sminthopsis leucopus) occurs in the Wet Tropics bioregion of tropical north Queensland, Australia separated by about 1800 km from conspecifics in temperate New South Wales, Victoria and Tasmania. We conducted targeted surveys for S. leucopus in north-east Queensland and obtained new records, including the first reported capture of the species in Queensland in 18 years. We assessed the genetic and morphological divergence of the north Queensland population against New South Wales, Victorian and Tasmanian S. leucopus, in conjunction with distribution and habitat differences, to assess whether this isolate should be described as a distinct taxon. Sequencing of the mitochondrial Cytochrome b gene revealed genetic divergence estimates of 2.3–2.8% and 4.3–4.8% between the north Queensland population and S. l. ferruginifrons (Victoria) and S. l. leucopus (Tasmania) respectively. Based on genetic divergence, cranial morphology, differences in habitat, and geographical isolation, we describe the north Queensland population as a new subspecies of Sminthopsis leucopus. We suggest a conservation classification of Endangered given its small distribution, apparent low density, tropical upland location and potential threats, especially related to climate change.
Inclusion of guanidinoacetic acid in the diet of laying hens at late phase of feeding
Authors: Pimenta Jeniffer G. F. , Barbosa Hítalo J. S. , Fraga Matheus G. , Triginelli Marcela V. , Costa Bruno T. A. , Ferreira Matheus A. , Mendonça Michele O. , Cançado Silvana V. , Lara Leonardo J. C.
Published: January 2023

Context There are few studies on the effects of guanidino acetic acid (GAA) on the performance, quality and fortification of eggs from commercial laying hens. Aims This study aimed to evaluate the effects of dietary supplementation with GAA in the diet of laying hens on productive performance, economic viability and the quality and fortification of eggs. Methods In total, 720 semi-heavy 101-week-old Lohmann LB-Lite® laying hens were distributed in a completely randomised design consisting of five treatments defined by the dietary GAA concentration, with six replicates of 24 birds per experimental unit. Diets were formulated to contain 0.00, 0.05, 0.10, 0.15 or 0.20% GAA. Productive performance and economic viability were evaluated for 12 weeks. Egg quality and fortification were evaluated at 4 and 12 weeks post-GAA inclusion. Key results A negative linear response was found for the bird final weight with an increasing GAA concentration and the optimal value for feed conversion per dozen eggs, as determined by quadratic regression model, was 0.12% GAA. After 4 weeks of GAA inclusion, egg-specific weight responded linearly and positively and yolk colour had a quadratic response, with an optimal concentration at 0.12% GAA. After 12 weeks of GAA inclusion, the optimum level for yolk colour was 0.14% GAA. The treatments did no affect creatine fortification of eggs. Economic analysis showed a linear increase in feed cost with an increasing dietary GAA level. The diet with the best feed cost per kilogram of dozen eggs produced was that with 0.12% GAA inclusion level. Conclusion The inclusion of 0.12% GAA in the diet of commercial laying hens influenced performance parameters and egg quality without fortifying egg creatine concentrations. Implications An egg is a very accessible food and enrichment is a good alternative, as it would help increase consumption of egg nutrients. New research with other products is fundamental for a greater diversification of enriched eggs and better service to consumers.