bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Surgical management for ponto-mesencephalic cavernoma: determining the brainstem safe entry zone – a case report
Authors: Setiawan Fariz Eka , Arifin Muhamad Thohar , Prihastomo Krisna Tsaniadi , Brotoarianto Happy Kurnia , Risdianto Ajid , Bakhtiar Yuriz , Priambada Dody , Andar Erie Bambang Priyono Setyabudi , Muttaqin Zainal
Published: March 2024

Introduction: Cavernous malformations of the brainstem are groups of dilated sinusoidal tracts. The surgical excision of cavernous abnormalities of the brainstem is high-risk and challenging. Clinical manifestations due to mass effect or hemorrhage, as well as MRI studies, have become valuable factors in determining the most appropriate procedure for brainstem cavernoma to achieve the safe entry zone of the brainstem.
Case: A case report on a brainstem cavernoma is reported here. A 10-year-old male with a pontomesencephalic cavernoma is presented. The cavernoma was surgically removed using a lateral supracerebellar infratentorial approach. The safe brainstem entry point was obtained with an intraoperative neuromonitoring (IOM) in spite of a neuronavigation devices. Post-op MRI images revealed a small residual mass. The patient had a favorable surgical outcome and was discharged on day 5.
Conclusion: Recognizing a microsurgical anatomical landmark and an intraoperative neuromonitoring instrument will be critical in preventing neurologic function injury.
Effects of Acupuncture Therapy at the Mingmen (GV4) and Zusanli (ST36) Points on the Expression of Transforming Growth Factor Beta 1 in Mice with Lupus Nephritis Model
Authors: Suparyanti Endang Listyaningsih , Purwanto Bambang , Wasita Brian , Handayani Selfi
Published: March 2024

Introduction: Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic autoimmune inflammation involving various factors and autoantibodies targeting cell components, resulting in epigenetic changes. Lupus nephritis is one of the clinical manifestations of SLE. Nowadays, it is known that acupuncture could inhibit disease development, including chronic nephritis, chronic diarrhea, lumbago adnexitis, impotence, enuresis in children, myelitis, and endometritis. Thus, this study aimed to examine the effect of improving Mingmen (GV4) and Zusanli (ST36) point acupuncture therapy on the expression of Transforming Growth Factor Beta 1 (TGFβ1) in lupus nephritis model mice.
Method: It was a laboratory experiment on mice (Mus musculus) lupus nephritis model with a post-test only with a control group design. The research samples were divided into four groups, with seven mice in each group, consisting of a control group (KN), a negative control group given pristane (K), treatment group 1 (P1); given pristane and methylprednisolone, and a treatment group 2 (P2); given pristane and acupuncture at the Mingmen (GV4) and Zusanli (ST36) points. This acupuncture needle insertion was carried out thrice a week for 12 insertions during the intervention. The bivariate analysis was done using Kruskal Wallis.
Results: There were 28 samples examined in this study. we found that the TGFβ1 expression was high in group P2 (72.86±11.13), after that followed by group P1 (65.71±25.73), N (60.71±25.24), and K (5.88±5.35). According to the bivariate analysis, it showed a significant difference in TGF-β (p= 0.010).
Conclusion: Mingmen (GV4) and Zusanli (ST36) point acupuncture therapy improves TGFβ1 expression. Acupuncture therapy triggers inhibition of TGF-β1 expression in lupus nephritis model mice.
Comparison of visual improvement based on the Potential Visual Test "Retinometry" in patients with Posterior Capsular Opacity Fibrotic and Regenerative types before and after Nd YAG Laser Capsulotomy
Authors: Mubaraq Ghulam Ahmad , Muhammad Abrar Ismail  , Hamzah
Published: March 2024

Background: Posterior Capsular Opacity (PCO) can disrupt a patient's vision and is a prevalent challenge medical professionals face in restoring visual clarity after cataract surgery. Various evaluation methods can be employed to measure visual improvement and the efficacy of Nd: YAG Laser Capsulotomy. One such method is Retinometry, which harnesses interference patterns of light on the retina as light passes through the pupil to provide patients with relevant information regarding the potential outcomes of Nd: YAG Laser Capsulotomy. This study aims to review the efficacy of the potential vision test "Retinometry" in patients with posterior capsular opacity before and after Nd: YAG Laser Capsulotomy.
Methods: Literature searching was conducted using six online databases (PubMed, Scopus, Science Direct, Clinical Key, and Google Scholar). Search terms included a combination of main keywords: "Retinometer", "Posterior Capsulotomy", "Nd: YAG laser", and "Visual Acuity".
Results: A total of 5 articles were included in this review. It’s found that the retinometer visual potential test has a function in evaluating the effects that occur and visual function after Nd: YAG laser capsulotomy. Due to the increasing incidence of cataract surgery, the rise of IOL placement will increase the risk of PCO formation and the need for Nd: YAG capsulotomy.
Conclusion: Posterior Capsular Opacity (PCO) management remains a significant concern in patients post-cataract surgery, given its potential to disrupt visual acuity. Neodymium-doped Yttrium Aluminum Garnet (Nd: YAG) laser capsulotomy is a practical approach for addressing PCO-related visual impairment. Still, its impact on visual improvement may be modest, especially regarding refractive measurements. The type of lens used does not significantly influence the procedure outcomes. As the incidence of cataract surgery continues to rise, the prevalence of PCO and the need for Nd: YAG capsulotomy are likely to increase.
Matrix Metalloproteinase as Predictors of Local Recurrence in Early-Stage Breast Cancer After Mastectomy and Chemotherapy A Cross-Sectional Study in Single Centre
Authors: Andrianto Andreas , Sudiana I Ketut , Suprabawati Desak G.A
Published: March 2024

Introduction: The prognosis for early-stage breast cancer is generally favourable. However, in cases when a recurrence manifests after therapy, the prognosis becomes significantly poor. To determine early breast cancer recurrence risk, a marker is needed. Currently, previous tumour markers are used to predict general breast cancer, lacking specificity in the context of early breast cancer. Matrix Metalloproteinase1 (MMP1) is already acquainted with the local recurrence process of invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC). MMP1 expression may better predict early recurrence in early-stage IDC than other approaches. This research examined the potential predictive value of MMP1 expression in early-stage IDC for early local recurrence and its correlation with clinicopathological factors.
Methods: This study was a cross-sectional analysis of a single center's medical records. The sample size was 25 subjects for the group without recurrence and 25 subjects with recurrence. Mastectomy and chemotherapy were performed from January 2014 through December 2019. Using immunohistochemistry, paraffin blocks of surgical specimens were examined for MMP1. The data processing was done utilising the trial version of IBM SPSS 25. and Openepi 3.0 programs and analysed using Bivariate, which is performed using the Chi-square test or Fisher's exact test.
Result: The statistic test showed a significant difference (p < 0.000) in the average expression of MMP1 for non-recurrence cases (3,95±5,36) compared to recurrence cases (14,95±5,36). We also found a statistically significant correlation between recurrence and high expression of MMP1 (odd ratio [OR]= 60.38, 95% confidence interval [CI]=10.01-364.3, p<0.001). Clinicopathological variables and MMP1 expression did not have a significant correlation.
Conclusions: In early-stage IDC, MMP1 expression had the potential to predict and could be an independent prognostic factor for early recurrence.
Effect of Paraquat toxicity on lung and kidney organs on histopathological image assessment
Authors: Yulianti Maria Eka Patri , Alfath Habib Thariq , Habibullah Syauqi , Sari Kartika , Suzery Meiny , Susilaningsih Neni , Suhartono  , Mahati Endang , Suwondo Ari , Sadhana Udadi
Published: March 2024

Background: Paraquat is one of the active ingredients of the gramoxone type herbicide, which has very high toxicity so that it can cause poisoning and death. Paraquat causes direct cell damage by producing free radicals, which can cause pulmonary fibrosis and kidney failure. This study aims to analyze the effects of paraquat toxicity on the lungs and kidneys on histopathological features.
Methods: This research is an experimental research post-test only control group design. The research subjects used stored biological material in the form of 12 lung and kidney organ samples from white rats (Rattus norvegicus) that had been treated in previous research, which were divided into 2 groups, namely the negative control group (P1, given distilled water), the positive control group (P2; given paraquat 0.01 gr/kgBW [single dose intraperitoneal]). All samples of stored biological material were made for lung and kidney preparations. The lung condition was assessed using the American Thoracic Society criteria, and the kidneys were evaluated using the Mitchell criteria with the help of the ImageJ application. Data were analyzed using the Kruskal-Wallis test and the Mann-Whitney test.
Results: The Kruskal-Wallis test showed a significant difference in lung damage scores between groups with a p-value of 0.01 (p <0.005). The results of the Kruskal-Wallis test of the kidneys showed substantial differences in glomerular and proximal tubular damage scores between groups with p values ​​of 0.004 and 0.009 (p <0.005). The results of the Mann-Whitney test also showed significant differences between groups P1 and P2 with a lung p value = 0.008 (p> 0.005) and kidney p = 0.009 (p > 0.005).
Conclusion: In this study, it can be concluded that induction of paraquat 0.01 gr/kgBW causes changes in the histopathological appearance of the lungs and kidneys of white rats (Rattus norvegicus) in the form of lung and kidney damage as assessed by histopathological scores.
Invasive candida infection as the cause of seizure in a patient with systemic lupus erythematosus: a report of unusual case
Authors: Adi Mirza Suryo , Awalia Awalia
Published: March 2024

Background: Neuropsychiatric systemic lupus erythematosus (NPSLE) is a complication of SLE involving the nervous and psychiatric systems with clinical manifestations including seizures, strokes, myelopathy, neuritis, meningitis, and psychosis. Seizures in NPSLE might be caused by intracranial infection, with bacteria as the most common pathogens. This study reported a rare case of seizure in a SLE patient due to invasive Candida infection.
Case Presentation: A 26-year-old female presented in the emergency department of Dr. Soetomo Hospital Surabaya, Indonesia with seizure, which she has experienced in the last 2 days prior to hospital admission. She experienced a convulsion that lasted 5-10 minutes followed by loss of consciousness. The patient also complained of severe headaches two days before hospital admission. She was diagnosed with SLE in November 2022 and was currently taking methylprednisolone. Physical examination showed Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) of E3V4M5, fever, dyspnea, and rough rhonchi on the right lung. Chest X-ray indicated pneumonia, while brain computed tomography (CT) suggested subacute to chronic thromboembolism. The patient was diagnosed with NPSLE due to intracranial infection, and hospital-acquired pneumonia (HAP), and was given Levofloxacin. On the 3rd day, a reddish lesion with central healing was found on the cheeks, and the patient had dyspnea, suggesting fungi infection. Methylprednisolone was stopped while fluconazole and urine cultures were initiated. Urine culture suggested Fluconazole-sensitive Candida and consultation with a dermato-venerologist confirmed Candida, thus, Fluconazole was continued along with dexamethasone, and Levofloxacin. The patient showed clinical improvement and was discharged after 12 days.
Conclusion: Seizure is one of the most common manifestations of NPSLE, due to intracranial infection. Although rare, we cannot rule out the possibility of fungal infection in NPSLE patients with intracranial infection. Early diagnosis and prompt treatment are critical for better prognosis, as shown in this patient.
Diagnostic approaches and treatments of systemic sclerosis patient with interstitial lung disease
Authors: Retnaningtyas Fauziah Diayu , Awalia
Published: March 2024

Background: Systemic sclerosis or scleroderma is a rare disease with multiple complications which may include interstitial lung disease. The findings of diffuse type of systemic sclerosis, moderate restriction in pulmonary function test, interstitial pneumonia in chest x-ray, and ground glass opacity in thoracic CT-scan establish the diagnosis of interstitial lung disease associated with systemic sclerosis. We present a case of interstitial lung disease in a systemic sclerosis case, which was approached and treated comprehensively to slow the progression.
Case Presentation: A 40-year-old female was admitted to the rheumatology polyclinic of Dr. Soetomo Hospital Surabaya with persistent dry cough for two years in June 2021. The patient also complained of breathlessness, painful joints, swollen knees, and morning stiffness three months prior to admission. The positive results of antinuclear antibody and rheumatoid factor were identified in 2016, which suggested autoimmune disease of scleroderma and being treated with azathioprine 50 mg twice a day, methylprednisolone 4 mg once a day, chloroquine 200 mg once a day, and calcium lactate once a day. The examinations in 2020 showed moderate restriction from the pulmonary function test, bilateral lung parenchymal infiltrates from the chest x-ray, and ground-glass opacity from the chest computed tomography scan (CT-scan). The patient was monthly prescribed cyclophosphamide 500 mg intravenously for six months as the substitution of azathioprine, methylprednisolone 4 mg once a day, and aspirin 100 mg once a day. The latest worsening condition led the patient to receive the substitution of cyclophosphamide which was mycophenolate mofetil 360 mg twice a day, along with aspirin 100mg and methylprednisolone 4 mg once a day, respectively.
Conclusion: As a rare disease, the complications of systemic sclerosis should be anticipated. In this case, interstitial lung disease occurred following nearly five years of systemic sclerosis course which required immunosuppressive agents to enhance the efficacy of treatment. Comprehensive treatment with tight monitoring is necessary to slow the disease progression.
Gigi Barardi: Food Wise: A Whole Systems Guide to Sustainable and Delicious Food Choices
Authors: Murrell Di
Published: March 2024

Gigi Barardi: Food Wise: A Whole Systems Guide to Sustainable and Delicious Food Choices: North Atlantic Books, 2020: 242 pp., paperback, £14.67.
Pupils’ Risky Behavior in the Cyberspace During the Transition to Distance Education
Authors: MIČKOVÁ HELENA , MIKOVÁ JANA , NOVÁKOVÁ ZDENKA , ŠMIDA JAN
Published: March 2024

In connection with the covid pandemic and the closing of schools as anti-covid emergency measures in many countries, face-to-face teaching has moved to an online environment.

The Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports of the Czech Republic has issued Methodological Recommendations for distance education realized online using software tools, the Internet, and digital technologies. The presented pilot study brought disturbing findings about online teaching, namely that respondents experienced threats during distance education, with some even being blackmailed. Three hundred fifteen respondents from elementary and secondary schools in the Czech Republic took part in the pilot study, which was realized via a questionnaire survey.

At the same time, the pilot study points to other risks of online learning when transitioning to a distance form of education, which also presents several other risks in cyberspace.
Child: “I don’t Understand – We didn’t Learn that in Kindergarten!”
Authors: HILČENKO SLAVOLJUB , NIKOLIĆ SANJA
Published: March 2024

By the end of 2022, Serbia transformed its preschool education system, transitioning from a traditional approach to a project-based learning approach. However, if this transformation remains limited to preschool education without coordinated changes in learning at lower (and even higher) grades of elementary school in the next 4–8 year cycle, teachers, children, and their parents will be most affected. We believe that the new project-based approach to learning for children will not provide adequate fundamental and systematic knowledge in many scientific fields, including mathematics methodology (e.g., spatial and temporal relationships, arithmetic, number concept, ratios, fractions, geometry…). The consequences will not only be visible in their further education but also in their inadequate preparation to navigate their environment and understand space, time, relationships, and other mathematical concepts. This is what the educators' survey results are talking. The aim of this paper is to highlight possible problems since the Government of the Republic of Serbia and the Ministry of Education have not suggested a linear reform of these education levels.
Prospołeczna aktywność młodzieży a poziom dobrostanu psychicznego – perspektywa mediacyjna
Authors: Tkaczyk Justyna , Krok Dariusz
Published: March 2024

An analysis of the current literature shows that there are links between young people’s prosocial activity and psychological well-being. Meaning in life also plays an important role, allowing individuals to interpret and organise their daily experiences, achieve goals and categorise important objects. The aim of this article was to determine the direction and strength of the relationship between the dimensions of the Light Triad and eudaimonic psychological well-being in the mediating perspective of existential meaning of life in a group of late adolescents. A total of 190 late adolescent subjects participated in the study 108 females (56.8%) and 82 males (43.2%). The age of the subjects ranged from 17 to 24 years; the mean age was M = 22.35 years (SD = 2.06). The results of the study indicated positive relationships between the two dimensions of the Light Triad: belief in people and humanism, and the dimensions of meaning in life: understanding and purpose, and psychological well-being. In addition, the Light Triad dimension – kantianism positively correlated with psychological well-being. Meaning in life was a statistically significant mediator in the following two relationships: belief in people with psychological well-being and humanism with psychological well-being. These results support the research conjecture that the relationships of adolescents’ prosocial activity with psychological well-being depend on their meaning in life.
Immune Evasion in Cancer Is Regulated by Tumor-Asociated Macrophages (TAMs): Targeting TAMs
Authors: Jung Megan , Bonavida Benjamin
Published: March 2024

Recent advancements in cancer treatment have explored a variety of approaches to address the needs of patients. Recently, immunotherapy has evolved as an efficacious treatment for various cancers resistant to conventional therapies. Hence, significant milestones in immunotherapy were achieved clinically in a large subset of cancer patients. Unfortunately, some cancer types do not respond to treatment, and among the responsive cancers, some patients remain unresponsive to treatment. Consequently, there is a critical need to examine the mechanisms of immune resistance and devise strategies to target immune suppressor cells or factors, thereby allowing for tumor sensitivity to immune cytotoxic cells. M2 macrophages, also known as tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), are of interest due to their role in suppressing the immune system and influencing antitumor immune responses through modulating T cell activity and immune checkpoint expression. TAMs are associated with signaling pathways that modulate the tumor microenvironment (TME), contributing to immune evasion. One approach targets TAMs, focusing on preventing the polarization of M1 macrophages into the protumoral M2 phenotype. Other strategies focus on direct or indirect targeting of M2 macrophages through understanding the interaction of TAMs with immune factors or signaling pathways. Clinically, biomarkers associated with TAMs' immune resistance in cancer patients have been identified, opening avenues for intervention using pharmacological agents or immunotherapeutic approaches. Ultimately, these multifaceted approaches are promising in overcoming immune resistance and improving cancer treatment outcomes.
Deformation characteristics and creep behaviour of rigid particulates-EPS beads composites
Authors: Khorrami R. , Moshfeghnia Tochaee M. , Payan M. , Jamshidi Chenari R.
Published: March 2024

The compression behaviour of the mixture of glass beads (representing rigid particles) and EPS beads (representing deformable particles) during the loading-unloading process is systematically examined through performing two sets of large-size oedometer experiments, including incremental step-by-step and one-step loading scenarios. At each step during the loading-unloading cycle, the void ratio (e) and the at-rest coefficient of lateral earth pressure (K0) are measured for pure rigid samples and rigid-soft particle mixtures. To consider the creep effect, the overburden pressure at the final loading step is maintained on the sample for 24 h prior to unloading. The results show that at a given overburden pressure, with the addition of soft particles to the pure rigid aggregates, the values of e and K0 decrease. Additionally, for both pure rigid samples and rigid-soft particle mixtures, with increasing the overburden pressure, e decreases whereas K0 augments. Moreover, due to the creep behaviour during the constant loading step, K0 decreases over time for both samples; a phenomenon which is observed to be more pronounced for pure rigid aggregates compared to rigid-soft particle mixtures. Finally, a well-established creep model is used to simulate the creep behaviour of pure rigid samples and rigid-soft particle composites.
Shear contribution of beams of different sizes strengthened in shear with anchored CFRP strips
Authors: Jiang Xuan'ang , Jin Liu , Qin Peng , Xia Maoxin , Du Xiuli
Published: March 2024

Carbon-fibre-reinforced polymer (CFRP) materials can be used as structural reinforcement in engineering projects, but its effectiveness is jeopardised by debonding of the CFRP. Anchoring of the CFRP is thus crucial for efficient shear strengthening. The effect of anchoring on the shear resistance of nine CFRP U-wrapped concrete beams with varying shear span-to-depth (SSD) ratios (1.0, 1.5 and 2.0) and depths of 300–900 mm was investigated in this work. Nine unanchored beams and nine plain (without CFRP wrapping) concrete beams were also included in the comparison, considering the influence of the beam effective depth and the SSD ratio, with reference to prior research. An evaluation of the shear contribution of the CFRP wrapping was conducted, particularly for cases involving large dimensions and diverse SSD ratios. The anchoring effect was found to be most pronounced in small-scale beams with a large SSD ratio, demonstrating an improvement of over 60% compared with the CFRP shear-strengthened beam without anchoring. In contrast to beams without CFRP wrapping, the shear performance was enhanced by approximately 90%. Additionally, formulas for calculating the shear capacity from different national specifications were analysed and compared. A new calculation method for CFRP shear resistance was established and its accuracy was verified.
Physical modelling of cyclic loading-induced footing settlement with nearby pit excavation
Authors: Liu Zhiyong , Ma Jiapei , Xiao Jinhua , Xue Jianfeng , Yang Fei
Published: March 2024

A series of physical model tests and cyclic triaxial tests were conducted on a dry sand to investigate the effects of excavating an adjacent pit on the settlement behaviour of a footing under cyclic loading. The excavation was simulated by moving a retaining wall between loading cycles in the physical model tests. The excavation-induced stress disturbance on soil elements was modelled by reducing cell pressure between loading cycles in triaxial tests. The results indicate that nearby excavation leads to a reduction in lateral stress in ground, and therefore increases the settlement of footing in the subsequent loading cycles. However, there is no clear relationship between the settlement increment and the magnitude of wall movement, when the lateral movement of the wall is within the range of 0.1–0.37% of the wall height. The lateral excavation does not have a great impact on the influence zone of the footings under cyclic loading. An empirical model was proposed to estimate the cyclic loading-induced strain accumulation of sand with the consideration of lateral unloading effects between loading cycles. After being validated using cyclic triaxial test results, the proposed model was employed to predict cyclic loading-induced settlement of the footing before and after the excavation.
DEPREM SONRASINDA BİREYLERİN DEPREM KAYGISI, ÖLÜM KAYGISI VE PSİKOLOJİK SAĞLAMLIK DÜZEYLERİNİN DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ
Authors: CANLI Derya , YILMAZ Feyza
Published: March 2024

Amaç: Çalışmamızda 6 Şubat 2023 Kahramanmaraş merkezli depremler sonrasında depremi yaşamış, depremden doğrudan etkilenen bireyler ile depreme uzaktan tanıklık eden bireylerin deprem kaygısı, ölüm kaygısı ve psikolojik sağlamlık düzeylerini değerlendirmeyi ve ilgili değişkenlerin çeşitli sosyodemografik değişkenlere göre farklılık gösterip göstermediğini incelemeyi amaçladık.

Gereç ve Yöntemler: Bu araştırmaya 6 Şubat 2023 depremleri sonrası deprem bölgesinden gelen, depremi yaşayan 61 birey ile depremi yaşamamış, depreme uzaktan tanıklık eden 69 birey dahil edildi. Veri toplama araçları olarak “Kişisel Bilgi Formu”, “Deprem Kaygısı Ölçeği”, “Ölüm Kaygısı Ölçeği” ve “Kısa Psikolojik Sağlamlık Ölçeği” kullanıldı.

Bulgular: Katılımcıların deprem kaygısı ve ölüm kaygısının orta düzeyde, psikolojik sağlamlıklarının ise ortanın üzerinde görülmüştür. Depremden doğrudan etkilenenlerde deprem kaygısı ve ölüm kaygısı depreme uzaktan tanıklık edenlere göre anlamlı olarak daha yüksek saptanmıştır. Psikolojik sağlamlık ile deprem kaygısı ve ölüm kaygısı arasında negatif yönde ve orta düzeyde bir ilişki bulunmuştur. Kadınların deprem ve ölüm kaygısının erkeklere göre daha yüksek olduğu, erkeklerin ve çalışanların psikolojik sağlamlıklarının diğerlerine oranla daha yüksek olduğu tespit edilmiştir.

Sonuç: Çalışmamızda bireylerin psikolojik sağlamlık düzeyleri arttıkça kaygı düzeylerinin azaldığı görülmüştür. Deprem gibi travmatik yaşantılar sonrasında en sık gözlenen ruhsal belirtilerden biri olan kaygıdır. Kaygının uzun sürmemesi, bozukluk haline dönmemesi ve bireylerin normal yaşamlarına daha hızlı dönmeleri için psikolojik sağlamlığı arttırmaya yönelik bireysel ve toplumsal müdahalelerin yapılması yararlı olacaktır.

Anahtar Kelimeler: Deprem; Deprem Kaygısı; Ölüm Kaygısı; Psikolojik Sağlamlık
Anatomy Practical Learning: Opinions of medical faculty year 2 students about anatomy practical course
Authors: TOKPINAR Adem , YILMAZ Selen , DEĞERMENCİ Muhammet , YILMAZ Halil , PAYAS Ahmet , BAS Orhan
Published: March 2024

Objective: With the development of technology, anatomy teaching methods have also been updated. In this direction, a different method was tried in practical lessons. It is foreseen that anatomy lessons will be more useful and laboratory lessons will be active and efficient. Students want to see themselves as an individual. Students want to transfer their thoughts and experiences in a positive or negative way during the education process. Contributing in this way motivates the student. The survey study aims to evaluate the thoughts and suggestions of the students.

Material and Methods: A study was conducted on the practical anatomy courses of Ordu University Faculty of Medicine Term II students during the 2022-2023 academic year. A questionnaire study was organised to learn the student's perspective on the practice. A total of 16 questions were asked in the questionnaire. One of these questions was open-ended and the others were multiple choice questions. Except for the open-ended question, the other questions had to be answered. The survey questions were prepared from Google Forms application. The questionnaire prepared in this application was sent to the students via a link on the social platform.

Results: In the questionnaire, the students were asked the question 'Which of the auxiliary resources do you mostly use? The expected frequency for the answer 'textbook' is 1.7. There is no difference between the answers given to this question in the whole population (p>0.05). In the questionnaire, the students were asked 'Do you find the question-answer (mini-exam) technique useful while teaching the laboratory course? The expected frequency of 'yes' answer is 12.8. There was no difference between the answers given to this question in the whole population (p>0.05).

Conclusion: In conclusion, in this study, students were asked multifaceted questions related to the anatomy course. Positive and negative answers were received and evaluated. According to the results of the study, all opportunities should be used for anatomy lesson. Especially technology should be included in every stage of the course. Thus, anatomy can be taught more efficiently and continuously.
WHISTLEBLOWING KAVRAMINA KAPSAMLI BİR BAKIŞ: KAVRAMSAL BİR ANALİZ VE KAVRAMIN SAĞLIK SEKTÖRÜNE YANSIMASI
Authors: CEYLAN Havva , ERİGÜÇ Gülsün , ŞAHİNBAŞ Furkan
Published: March 2024

Bir kavramın yaygın kullanımının analizi, kavramın tanımlanmasına ve açıklığa kavuşturulmasına olanak tanımaktadır. Bu sayede, kavram daha etkin kullanılabilmekte; güçlü yönleri ve sınırlamaları değerlendirilebilmekte ve kavramın entelektüel bilgi birikimine katkısı artırılabilmektedir. Kavramlar sürekli olarak dinamik bir gelişimden geçmekte ve kavramın bağlamı, yerine geçen ve ilgili olduğu terimler, öncülleri, nitelikleri, örnekleri ve sonuçları yeniden tanımlanmaktadır. Whistleblowing kavramı da ortaya çıkışından bu yana farklı şekillerde tanımlanmış ve farklı bağlamlarda ele alınmıştır. Bu nedenle kavramın belirli başlıklar altında irdelenmesinin kavramın doğası ile ilgili daha net bir görünüm ve bakış açısı sağlayacağı düşünülmektedir. Bu çalışmada whistleblowing kavramına ilişkin kapsamlı bir bakış açısı sunmak ve kavramın daha iyi anlaşılmasını sağlamak amacıyla ulusal ve uluslararası literatür incelenerek kavram analiz edilmiştir. Bu doğrultuda, Google Akademik, Web of Science, Yök Tez Merkezi ve kütüphane veri tabanlarında “whistleblowing”, “bilgi uçurma”, “ihbarcılık”, “ifşa etme” vb. anahtar kelimeler ile tarama yapılarak konuyla ilgili makale, tez ve yayımlanmış kitaplar incelenmiştir. İnceleme sonucunda kavramın ulusal ve uluslararası literatürdeki yeri, çeşitli kullanımları, özellikleri ve ölçülmesi, kavram ile birlikte ele alınan konular ve farklı disiplinlerle ilişkisi açıklanmıştır. Son olarak ise whistleblowing kavramı sağlık sektörü özelinde incelenerek bu alandaki görünümü ortaya koyulmuştur.
ÇAĞDAŞ ERDEM ETİĞİ NİÇİN ELIZABETH ANSCOMBE İLE BAŞLAR?
Authors: DAĞ Enes
Published: March 2024

Çağdaş erdem etiğine bir başlangıç tayin etme noktasında literatürde iki farklı yaklaşım söz konusudur. Bu yaklaşımlardan birincisi, çağdaş erdem etiğini Anscombe’u anarak Aristoteles’e dayandırırken, ikincisi Anscombe’u anmadan Aristoteles dışı kaynaklara referans vermektedir. Bu çalışma, öncelikle çağdaş erdem etiğinin Anscombe ile başladığını savunmakta, Anscombe’un temel kaynağının ise Aristoteles olduğunu belirgin kılmakta ve çağdaş erdem etiğini Aristoteles’e dayandıranların tarafında yer almaktadır. İkinci olarak çalışmada, Aristoteles’i referans olarak gösteren çağdaş erdem etiği temsilcilerinin ortaya koydukları farklı yaklaşımların Anscombecu karakteri tespit edilmeye çalışılmaktadır. Bu çerçevede, Anscombe’un “Modern Moral Philosophy” makalesinin, çağdaş erdem etiği için Aristoteles’in klasik erdem etiğini referans olarak gösterme noktasında bir “köprü” ve yeniden canlanan bir etik teori olarak kendini sunmasında da bir “kaynak” olduğu savunulmaktadır.
L’État colonial face à l’activisme de Barthélémy Boganda
Authors: Ricard Laurie
Published: March 2024

À la fin de la Seconde Guerre mondiale, la France est affaiblie par les conflits qui ont pris place en Europe et en Afrique, alors elle réalise que son empire n’a plus la force d’administrer ses colonies avec autant de contrôle. Les autorités coloniales optent pour une ouverture stratégique de leur système politique. Avec la création de l’union française, une vague d’émancipation relative traverse les colonies françaises avec cependant l’intention pour la puissance coloniale de réformer dans le but de mieux contrôler. L’institutionnalisation du cadre de l’Union française en 1946, concrétise ce changement de mentalité. La France désire rompre avec l’image d’une puissance européenne violente1. Même dans ce contexte d’ouverture politique, il y a une opposition entre les nationalismes africains naissants et le gouvernement colonial.
COVID-19 et éducation en Afrique
Authors: BÉCHÉ Emmanuel
Published: March 2024

En Afrique, l'éducation a été l'un des secteurs les plus touchés par le COVID-19. Divers acteurs s’étaient alors mobilisés pour trouver des solutions face à cette crise, s'efforçant de ne pas abandonner le système éducatif, tel un malade en soins palliatifs. Ce chapitre fait une description panoramique de ces réponses sur la base de l'analyse des données issues de l'exploration documentaire numérique sur «~COVID-19~et éducation en Afrique~» et de deux webinaires internationaux sur le même sujet, auxquels nous participions. Le tableau que nous avons dépeint, détaille les réponses suivantes~: fermeture des écoles, comité d'experts, formations à distance, soutien à la continuité pédagogique, actions d'inclusion éducative, recours aux ressources éducatives numériques, mobilisation des partenariats, et initiatives individuelles et communautaires. L'analyse de ces ripostes profuses met en évidence la vitalité du terreau africain en termes d'expériences, compétences et innovations pour bâtir des ripostes originales dans une situation de crise, mais révèle aussi, en même temps, à quel point les systèmes éducatifs africains sont vulnérables aux chocs perturbateurs. Le fait qu'avec la mitigation de la pandémie, la majorité de ces réponses ait disparu, montre également que les leaders éducatifs africains ont été peu audacieux à capitaliser ces réponses pour développer une éducation soucieuse de l'inclusion, du numérique et de l'urgence.
Le COVID-19 et les enseignants maliens
Authors: TRAORÉ Amadou Zan , TRAORÉ Nassoum Yacine
Published: March 2024

Depuis plusieurs décennies, sous le couvert de la mondialisation, nous vivons dans un monde planétaire qui connait son mal du siècle~: le COVID-19. En effet, depuis son apparition en décembre en Chine en 2019~et sa propagation en Asie, en Europe, en Afrique et dans le reste du monde, une crise sanitaire foudroyante s'était emparée de l'humanité. L'Afrique n'étant pas épargnée, le Mali non plus, le continent s'adaptait. Chaque pays y allait de sa politique. Dès l'apparition des premiers cas en mars, en plus des mesures barrières édictées et le couvre-feu nocturne, le Mali avait fermé ses écoles et ses universités. Cette mesure solennelle visait à enrayer l'avancée de la pandémie. À la suite de cette décision drastique mais utile, l'éducation et l'enseignant ont fait un saut avec gravité dans les méandres universels, corroboré par les contingences humaines locales. Cette crise sanitaire et hygiénique était doublée d'une grève sans précédents des enseignants des écoles publiques qui étaient déjà paralysées depuis trois mois. Cette conjugaison de faisceaux a eu des conséquences multiformes sur les enseignants. Cette étude analyse d'une part, l'avènement du COVID-19~et ses conséquences socio-éducatives au Mali, et d'autre part, ses impacts sur les enseignants du public et du privé et leurs aptitudes de résilience.
Les écoles tchadiennes face aux défis du COVID-19
Authors: ALLAMBADEMEL Vincent de Paul
Published: March 2024

Au Tchad, la survenue du COVID-19~a freiné toutes les activités, touchant ainsi durement les écoles. Ces dernières ont néanmoins développé des stratégies pour faire face aux défis éducatifs de cette pandémie. Les premiers plans de riposte incluaient la fermeture des écoles, instituts et universités sur toute l'étendue du territoire, ainsi que la mise en œuvre d'un plan de riposte pour éviter une année blanche. Les managers éducatifs ont ainsi créé des nouveaux modes de formation, à travers la télévision, la radio et les cours en ligne. Ce chapitre met en relief les stratégies et les limites des réponses que le système éducatif tchadien a adoptées pour faire face au COVID-19~et ses effets. Il analyse aussi l'efficacité des mesures mises en place sur le plan pédagogique et sanitaire, et appréhende les habitudes, les pratiques et l'état psychologique des apprenants, parents et enseignants. Pour réaliser ce travail, nous avons utilisé la méthode qualitative qui met en avant le processus de communication verbale pour recueillir des informations. Cette méthode inclut l'attention volontaire et l'intelligence orientée pour avoir les informations et interpréter les pratiques pendant la période de la COVID-19. Il ressort de l'analyse de nos données d'entretien et observation que les stratégies d'urgence ont eu un impact positif sur le plan sanitaire~; mais les avis sont mitigés quant aux stratégies mises en place pour sauver l'année scolaire. Nos résultats mettent également en avant les effets des mesures barrières qui impactent drastiquement la vie socioéconomique et culturelle des tchadiens.
Pertinences et limites du dispositif académique anti-covid-19 à l’École Normale Supérieure de Maroua
Authors: MAÏDOKI Asta Djouma
Published: March 2024

Le COVID-19 a entrainé des mutations dans toutes les sphères de la société camerounaise notamment sur le plan éducatif. Face à l’augmentation du taux de contamination, le gouvernement a pris le 17 Mars 2020 des mesures de confinement de la population, dont la fermeture de tous les établissements publics et privés de formation relevant des différents ordres d’enseignement, de la maternelle au supérieur, y compris les centres de formation professionnelle et les grandes écoles. Face à cette situation qui hypothéquait l’année académique 2019/2020, les responsables universitaires et les experts ont réfléchis à des options pédagogiques en vue d’éviter une année blanche. Ainsi, de nouvelles méthodes pédagogiques furent adoptées pour limiter la propagation de la pandémie tout en assurant la continuité des activités académiques. L’adoption et la mise en œuvre des dispositifs pédagogiques pendant la période du COVID-19 à l’ENS de Maroua a transformé le processus enseignement/apprentissage. Si les écrits sur la COVID-19 orientés vers le domaine de l’éducation la décrivent comme une occasion pour faire avancer l’enseignement à distance, cette crise laisse néanmoins apparaître des difficultés liées à la fermeture des écoles dans un contexte de déficits. S’inscrivant dans cette perspective exploratoire et descriptive, ce chapitre rend compte des difficultés d’adaptation académique et sanitaire de l’École Normale Supérieur de Maroua aux défis de cette pandémie. Il repose sur une méthodologie qualitative qui a impliqué la conduite d’une série de quarante-six entretiens avec des personnels, enseignants, étudiants, infirmiers et vigils.
L’enseignement supérieur en temps de confinement préventif de la covid 19 dans les universités du Bénin
Authors: GNAMMOU Jacob , N’KOUÉ SAMBIENI Emmanuel
Published: March 2024

Cet article décrit le processus de l’appropriation de l’enseignement à distance au Bénin. Il met l’accent sur les mécanismes et les pratiques mis en place par les universités pour assurer la couverture et la qualité des enseignements d’une part et ceux adoptés par les étudiants pour réussir les examens de fin d’année d’autre part. Il se base sur une analyse mixte des données collectées au moyen de questionnaires administrés et d’entretiens réalisés avec les enseignants et étudiants des Universités d’Abomey-Calavi et de Parakou. Si les lacunes liées à la pédagogie numérique de certains enseignants ont entravé l’assimilation des cours dispensés en ligne chez les étudiants, il faut néanmoins reconnaître l’engouement et l’engagement des différentes parties en vue de la poursuite des formations comme en témoignent les réussites scolaires. Favorables pour le plus grand nombre à l’usage du numérique dans la formation, enseignants et étudiants retiennent des leçons positives de « l’école à l’écran ».
Inégalités sociales et continuité pédagogique en temps du COVID-19 dans la ville de Ouagadougou (Burkina Faso)
Authors: SORÉ Zakaria
Published: March 2024

En mars 2020, les premiers cas de COVID-19 sont diagnostiqués au Burkina Faso. Pour limiter la propagation de la maladie, l’État annonce un ensemble de mesures dont la fermeture des écoles et des universités. Ces mesures contraignent les élèves à rester dans leurs domiciles, limitant ainsi les possibilités de la continuité des activités pédagogiques. Face à cette situation, plusieurs stratégies sont développées par l’État, afin de permettre aux élèves de pouvoir continuer leurs apprentissages : ce sont les cours à la Télévision et à la radio. Avec ces innovations qui demandent des moyens matériels, les élèves n’ont pas les mêmes possibilités d’apprentissage. Les conditions sociales et économiques des ménages imposent en effet des inégalités face aux apprentissages. Comment l’origine sociale des élèves joue sur leurs apprentissages en temps de COVID-19 ? Aussi face à la situation d’arrêt des activités pédagogiques en présentiel, certains parents d’élèves ont mis en œuvre d’autres stratégies afin d’assurer une continuité des apprentissages pour leurs enfants. Quelles sont les stratégies employées par les élèves et leurs parents pour continuer les apprentissages dans ce contexte de COVID-19 ? Qui sont les élèves qui bénéficient de cette continuité pédagogique ? Comment la poursuite des activités pédagogiques en ce temps de COVID-19 laisse apparaître des inégalités sociales ? Pour répondre à ces questions, une démarche socio-anthropologique a été mobilisée. Elle a consisté à réaliser des enquêtes de terrain (entretien et enquête par questionnaire) auprès des élèves, des parents d’élèves et des enseignants. Aussi une observation a été réalisée, afin de saisir la réalité des activités d’apprentissage des élèves pendant la période de suspension des cours.
L’enseignement-apprentissage dans les écoles primaires et secondaires du Cameroun septentrional à l’ère de la COVID-19
Authors: PADAMA Panya
Published: March 2024

Le présent chapitre interroge la qualité du processus d'enseignement-apprentissage dans les écoles primaires et secondaires du Cameroun septentrional à l'ère de la COVID-19. Il a été rédigé grâce à des données qualitatives et quantitatives issues de la recherche documentaire et empirique, et analysées sous le prisme des théories constructiviste et socioconstructiviste. Il ressort de cette étude que pour assurer la continuité pédagogique, les pouvoirs publics camerounais et leurs démembrements territoriaux ont mis en place des mécanismes nationaux et régionaux d'adaptation à la pandémie, consistant en des programmes alternatifs d'enseignement à distance synchrones et asynchrones. Ils ont été implémentés à travers la radio, la télévision, WhatsApp et les plateformes e-learning des ministères de l'éducation de base et des enseignements secondaires. Toutefois, la qualité de l'enseignement-apprentissage est restée aléatoire. Parmi les fragilités constatées, figurent la non-pertinence des méthodes transmissives adoptées, le suivi différé des devoirs à faire à la maison et les problèmes d'accessibilité, d'inclusion et d'équité liés à cette éducation à distance. Il en résulte une baisse des performances des élèves aux examens officiels de la session 2020. L'intérêt de cette réflexion se veut ainsi double~: améliorer la pertinence opérationnelle des programmes proposés et veiller à ce qu'ils favorisent effectivement le développement cognitif des apprenants.
Le télé-enseignement à l’université de Maroua au Cameroun
Authors: BITOND Adrien
Published: March 2024

Face à la pandémie mondiale imprévue de la COVID-19, les pouvoirs publics camerounais ont recouru au télé-enseignement pour « sauver » l’année universitaire 2019-2020. C’est dans ce contexte de crise que l’enseignement à distance en tant que dispositif pédagogique est officiellement expérimenté pour la première fois à l’Université de Maroua. Ce travail s’intéresse au vécu des enseignants et apprenants face à un dispositif à eux « imposé » par le contexte de crise. À partir des entretiens semi-directifs conduits auprès des acteurs, cette recherche montre que la pratique de l’enseignement à distance à l’Université de Maroua reste caractérisée par de nombreuses difficultés : impréparation, improvisation, découverte d’une nouvelle possibilité offerte par les TIC, déception…, autant de points de vue que cette recherche tente de mettre en relief.
Enseigner en période de confinement
Authors: DOUANLA Adèle
Published: March 2024

Depuis mars 2020, l´enseignement à distance est de plus en plus convoité par les universités camerounaises. L´irruption de la COVID-19 en est pour beaucoup. C´est dans ce sillage que le triangle didactique d´Houssaye connu jusqu´ici comme modèle par excellence pour expliquer les interactions didactiques, va fortement être modifié. La nouvelle figure, le tétraèdre pédagogique développé par Faeber contient des éléments nouveaux permettant de comprendre cette reconfiguration. Quels sont donc les changements majeurs qui s´opèrent sur le triangle didactique dans le cadre de la formation à distance ? Quel est l´impact de ces changements sur le processus d’enseignement – apprentissage ? L’objectif de ce chapitre est de mettre à nu ces différentes transformations dans les cours en ligne à l´Université de Dschang, à travers une enquête menée auprès de 04 enseignants et 24 étudiants du Département de Langues Étrangères Appliquées (LEA), dans la filière des Études germaniques. Elle montre comment le projet de digitalisation initié par cette institution change complètement les rapports entre le trinôme (enseignant- étudiant- savoir) et dévoile les défis de la pédagogie à distance au Cameroun.
Planifier l’éducation en temps de crise
Authors: ONANA BEBENE Gervais Patrick , SII Marie Pascale , MBOG DJOM Armand Didier
Published: March 2024

La pandémie COVID-19 a entrainé les écoles africaines dans une paralysie allant jusqu’à la fermeture totale des établissements scolaires. Ce chapitre analyse la corrélation entre la politique de planification de l’éducation en temps de crise et la gestion qualitative des Universités de Maroua et Ngaoundéré au Cameroun. Son investigation s’est appuyée sur une approche qualitative, descriptive et corrélationnelle. Le questionnaire, sous la structuration d’une échelle qualitative Reuchlin (1998), a été administré auprès de 310 participants à partir d’une base de sondage homogène au sein desdites universités. L’hypothèse générale a été opérationnalisée à partir de la théorie de l’analyse stratégique de Crozier et Friedberg (1997). À partir de test du Kh2 de Pearson 1900, l’étude a expérimenté l’hypothèse générale suivante : La prévision de crise sanitaire dans la politique de planification de l’éducation, favorise significativement la qualité de la gestion universitaire en contexte de COVID-19 dans les Universités de Maroua et Ngaoundéré au Cameroun. Après expérimentation, il ressort que la prévision d’un échéancier pédagogique stratégique à court terme, la création d’une cellule d’encadrement et de prise en charge psychologique en temps de COVID-19 et la prévision d’une ligne budgétaire annuelle d’urgence sont des mobiles du facteur qualité dans la gestion des universités de Maroua et Ngaoundéré.