bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Current Trends in the Treatment and Prevention of Asthma in Children and Adults
Authors: Fageeh Randa Khalil , Almuzaini Mansour Mohsen , Alraddadi Robba Awad , Aljohani Basmah Mohammed , AL Jaffer Zainab Zaki , Baothman Eman Abdulrahman , Almajed Zahra Dheya
Published: December 2024

Asthma, a chronic respiratory condition affecting both children and adults, remains a global health concern due to its high prevalence and significant impact on quality of life. The management of asthma has evolved significantly, with advancements in both pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions. Traditionally, asthma treatment focused on symptom relief using inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) and bronchodilators. However, recent developments in biologic therapies, such as monoclonal antibodies targeting specific inflammatory pathways like immunoglobulin E (IgE) and interleukin-5 (IL-5), have provided new options for patients with severe, treatment-resistant asthma. The pathophysiology of asthma involves a complex interplay between genetic and environmental factors, with chronic airway inflammation playing a central role. Biomarkers such as fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) and blood eosinophil counts are increasingly used to guide treatment decisions, offering more targeted approaches for individual patients. In addition to pharmacological advancements, lifestyle modifications, including diet, physical activity and environmental control, play a crucial role in asthma prevention. A Mediterranean-style diet, rich in antioxidants and omega-3 fatty acids, along with regular exercise and reduction of allergen exposure, has been shown to reduce asthma exacerbations. Personalized asthma care is emerging as a critical trend, incorporating genetic, environmental and lifestyle factors to optimize treatment. Pharmacogenomics helps to identify patients who may respond better to specific therapies based on genetic markers. The use of digital health technologies and real-time monitoring is also contributing to more effective management by enabling timely interventions and improving patient adherence. The integration of these advancements offers a more holistic approach to asthma management, aiming to improve long-term outcomes, reduce exacerbations and enhance the quality of life for patients with this chronic condition. Future research and continued innovation will likely further refine these personalized strategies, making asthma care even more precise and effective.
Ethical Considerations in End-of-Life Decision Making: Balancing Autonomy and Beneficence
Authors: Alshawaf Amani Hussain , Alghamdi Ashwaq Saad , Shaikh Abdulmohsen Abdulrahman , Kabli Mohammad Fuad , Binobaid Abdullah Obaid , Alshabib Zahra Ali
Published: December 2024

Population aging has intensified the need for thoughtful end-of-life care, as the global demographic of those aged over 60 continues to rise. Modern medical advancements, while extending life through interventions like artificial nutrition and respiratory support, have also heightened the focus on end-oflife care. This care involves managing terminal illnesses, ensuring dignified death, and supporting families and caregivers. Ethical considerations are paramount in this context, as decisions about treatment limitations or continuation often fall on families, proxies, or physicians when patients cannot decide for themselves. Balancing autonomy patients' rights to make their own medical decisions with beneficence the duty to act in the patient’s best interest poses significant challenges. This review synthesizes ethical issues in end-of-life decision-making, emphasizing the principles of autonomy and beneficence. It explores dilemmas surrounding advanced directives, resuscitation, and palliative care. It underscores the importance of adopting a compassionate approach that honors patient preferences while managing intricate treatment choices to enhance quality of life and reduce suffering.
DISCUSSION BETWEEN AL-GHAZZĀLĪ AND IBN RUSHD ABOUT THE NATURE OF RESURRECTION
Authors: Yusuf Imtiaz
Published: December 2024

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MAINTENANCE OF DIVORCED WIVES:
Authors: Naseem Mohammad Farogh
Published: December 2024

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THE RISE AND FALL OF THE PARTY-KINGS, POLITICS AND SOCIETY IN ISLAMIC SPAIN, 1002-1086:
Authors: Muhammad Benaboud
Published: December 2024

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BETWEEN GRAMMAR AND RHETORIC ("BALĀGHAH"):
Authors: Mir Mustansir
Published: December 2024

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The Concept of al-Insān al-Kāmil as a Cultural Phenomenon and its Implications for Muslim-West Relations
Authors: Hofmann Murad Wilfried
Published: December 2024

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Islam after the Enlightenment
Authors: Winter T.J.
Published: December 2024

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Islam and Muslims in the Twenty-First Century
Authors: Iqbal Muzaffar
Published: December 2024

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Ghazzālī, Ibn Rushd and Islam's Sojourn into Modernity
Authors: Koshul Basit Bilal
Published: December 2024

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The Caliphate of Reason
Authors: Walbridge John
Published: December 2024

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Teaching of Islamic Law and Shari‘ah
Authors: Masud Muhammad Khalid
Published: December 2024

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The Islamic Law Maxims
Authors: Mohammed Khaleel
Published: December 2024

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The Qur'ānic View of Moses
Authors: Khan Irfan Ahmad
Published: December 2024

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Sufism in History and its Relationship with Power
Authors: Anjum Tanvir
Published: December 2024

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The Emergence of Muslim Rule in India
Authors: Anjum Tanvir
Published: December 2024

The emergence of Muslim rule in India is an important development in south Asia. This phenomenon, however, has not been treated in a holistic manner both in temporal and spatial terms. In temporal terms, there seems to be a disconnect in its historical reconstruction. The textbooks, for instance, show a number of disconnects among the various episodes in history, delinking them from each other. Besides, there are also several historiographical silences which mar the historiography of the emergence of Muslim rule in India. In spatial terms, the narrative remains focused on northern and north-western India, whereas the developments resulting in eastward expansion as well as in the coastal regions of India are generally ignored. These developments are the major missing links in the narrative of the emergence of Muslim rule in India. This paper attempts to point out the above-stated historical disconnents and missing links, but does not undertake to fill these gaps. The paper argues that the establishment of Muslim rule in India was not the result of any abrupt development; rather it was a complex and protracted process stretching over centuries. The Arab conquest of 93/712 was a part of the military expeditions in the north-western peripheral regions of India under the Pious Caliphs and the Umayyads. The later military expansion under the Ghaznavids and Ghaurids should be seen in the context of the weakening of the central authority of the 'Abbāsid Caliphate in face of the rise of the regional military leaders which gave fresh impetus to expansion towards India. The establishment of Muslim rule in India, eventually culminating in the foundation of Delhi Sultanate, was its direct outcome.
Towards Understanding Islamic Architecture
Authors: Omer Spahic
Published: December 2024

This article aims to discuss the meaning, functions and salient characteristics of Islamic architecture. The discussion will be divided into the following sections: (1) the meaning of Islamic architecture; (2) the object that Islamic architecture seeks to achieve; (3) the house and the mosque as examples of Islamic architecture; (4) pragmatism and Islamic architecture; (5) Islamic versus Muslim architecture; (6) the significance of Quṣayr 'Amrah as an example of early Muslim architecture. The article seeks to enhance the awareness, both of the professionals and general readership, as to the importance of correctly conceptualizing the theme of Islamic architecture, especially at the present when the signs of a Muslim cultural and civilizational re-awakening are becoming increasingly evident. The nature of the article, along with its content, methodology and conclusions, is conceptual and philosophical, rather than empirical
Muslim-Western Cultural Encounter in the Eighteenth Century
Authors: Khan Gulfishan
Published: December 2024

The present paper studies the interface between the dynamics of the Persian poetry as embodied in the poetics of Hafiz of Shiraz and early British Romantic writers in the context of the Muslim-Western cultural encounter in the eighteenth century. The major part of the study is devoted to an interpretation of Hafiz and his ghazals as contained in the writings of the foremost Orientalist Sir William Jones and his lesser known contemporaries who studied Hafizian poetry for the reinvigoration of their national literature. It has been shown that the brilliant ideas of the Sufi poet gave impetus to the burgeoning English Romanticism. Jones’s English translation of the celebrated ghazal of Hafiz known as the Turk-i Shirazi ghazal inaugurated a literary trend later identified as Romanticism. Significantly, many of the present-day scholarly debates on the medieval Sufi poet such as whether to interpret his poems as mystic longings for the Divine Beloved or as profane love lyrics, had already been foreshadowed in the writings of the eighteenth-century British bourgeoisie intellectual writers.
In this context it has been argued that if the British Orientalists’ intellectual endeavours are viewed in the perspective of the post-Saidian re contextualisation of Romantic Orientalism, hardly any corresponding relationship is discernible in the British scholarly interest with Persian poetics and their growing political ascendancy in India. The passion of Jones and his contemporary Hafiz devotees, like Hafiz himself, was also the representative of their age. Moreover, the Hafiz tradition was fully appropriated as well as assimilated in the dynamics of the Indo-Persianate culture of medieval India. Hafiz and his poetics formed an integral part of the collective memory of the Persophonic Indo-Persian intelligentsia, where it remained an important subject of analysis, commentary, and interpretation of the Indo-Muslim cultural elite. The extant manuscripts of the Diwan-i Hafiz and its numerous commentaries throughout the libraries of South Asia attest to the popularity of Hafiz among the educated Indo-Islamic elite. With the establishment of British colonial ascendancy in the late eighteenth century, India served as a ‘pool of information’ for Hafiz and his poetics. Indo-Persian intelligentsia with its collective memory acted as the preserver and transmitter of Hafizian tradition to the West.
Implementing Islamic Law within a Modern Constitutional Framework
Authors: Hamid Ahmad Fauzi Abdul
Published: December 2024

Muslim countries in the post-colonial period are faced with the challenge of developing political structures consistent with Islamic teachings. The uniqueness of the task stems from the fact that these structures have to be raised in a constitutional framework very different from their historical experience until modern times. This paper studies the case of Malaysia whose Federal Constitution proclaims Islam to be Malaysia’s official religion. Opinions have fiercely diverged among legal scholars and practitioners as to how substantive should the relevant clause on this matter be interpreted. Such vagueness is typical of the document whose drafting took place amidst intense negotiations among Malaysia’s multi-racial communities, resulting in an informal bargain or ‘social contract’ which till today remains a subject of dispute amidst the rising polarisation largely along ‘Muslim versus non-Muslim’ lines. Locating origins of contemporaneous legal conflict to divergent understandings of constitutional clauses, this paper proceeds to discuss contemporary controversies which shed light on Malaysia’s struggle to identify itself as a nation-state which integrates the best of both modern and Islamic civilisations. It is argued that this delicate balance has been recently threatened by the increasing penetration of a form of orthodox Islamist legalism which seems to antagonise non-Muslim minorities and unduly homogenises its Malay-Muslim population. The cut-off point for this article is Abdullah Ahmad Badawi’s tenure as Prime Minister of Malaysia, which drew to a close in April 2009 under embattled circumstances.
Dialogue Between Islam and Buddhism through the Concepts Ummatan Wasatan (The Middle Nation) and Majjhima-Patipada (The Middle Way)
Authors: Yusuf Imtiyaz
Published: December 2024

Monotheistic religions—Judaism, Christianity and Islam—have coexisted with Buddhism in many parts of Asia for centuries. This led in the past to dialogue as well as misunderstanding between the two at the doctrinal and social levels. This paper seeks to initiate dialogue between Islam and Buddhism through the Islamic concept of ummatan wasatan (Middle Nation) and the Buddhist concept of majjhima-patipada (Middle Way) as a means to build understanding and harmony in Asian societies.
The Buddha and the Prophet Muhammad (peace be on him) as religious teachers explained to humanity as to what is the true state of being and how the illusions which drag humanity through darkness and injustice can be overcome. In this age of globalization when physical barriers between various societies in terms of material culture are virtually being eliminated there is an urgent need for dialogue between monotheistic religious traditions and Buddhism. This could take place between Islam and Buddhism or Judaism and Buddhism or Christianity and Buddhism, but it is imperative that this dialogue takes place for it is likely to generate mutual understanding and respect between the followers of these two categories of religion.
Islamophobia or Islamophobias
Authors: Iqbal Zafar
Published: December 2024

This paper attempts to explore Islamophobia and assumes it to be a composite and multi-dimensional construct with its epistemic/symbolic dimensions having different connotations, the meaning of which needs to be distilled through its explication into less abstract dimensions. This study assumes Islamophobia to be a mediated construct which is variegated; hence, it appears as a corpus constituted of Islamophobias.
This exploration attempts to conceptualize and operationalize the said construct so that its nexus with the media and other social antecedents can be empirically examined.
Procedural Political Liberalism and Political Islam
Authors: Benhenda Mostapha
Published: December 2024

The conceptual challenge raised by political Islam to liberalism is of a fundamental nature. Political Islam in particular challenges liberalism’s conception of the human person. For political liberalism, persons must be viewed as sovereign. On the contrary, for political Islam, persons are vice-regents of God. In order to overcome this opposition, we restate a famous American political theory, Rawls’s political liberalism, in a purely procedural way. In this restatement, we do not assume the citizens’ agreement on any conception of the person. Instead, we only rely on their commitment to engage in a particular form of dialogue. More precisely, we design an idealized procedure of deliberation between people holding conflicting moral views. We illustrate this procedure with the case of Islamists and liberals. We attempt to show how this procedure can lead the followers of political Islam to endorse liberal political positions and/or vice versa.
Islamic Studies in Germany
Authors: Schimmel Annemarie
Published: December 2024

In December 1996, the renowned German scholar Annemarie Schimmel (d. 2003) visited the Islamic Research Institute, Islamabad, and delivered a lecture on Islamic Studies in Germany. In view of the Schimmel’s eminence and the excellence of the lecture, Islamic Studies is publishing it. Minor editorial changes have been made in the lecture, without compromising the substance while transforming verbal to written communication.
Narratives of Emancipation in Modern Islam
Authors: Tareen SherAli
Published: December 2024

This essay examines certain key epistemological assumptions and positions found in the thought of prominent modern Muslim scholars, as they imagined the interaction of Islam and the conditions of colonial modernity. The event of colonialism in the nineteenth century, and its twin ideology of modernity, transformed the political and conceptual terrain on which the question of Islam was imagined and contested. While operating in this new terrain, Muslim scholars reconfigured the conceptual underpinning of Islam in novel ways, as they strived to curate an intellectual programme for the moral and political emancipation of Muslims. In what follows I highlight major features of some of these intellectual programmes. Specifically, I address the question of how Muslim scholars conceptualised the ideas of temporality, hermeneutics, and sovereignty during the colonial moment. The central focus of this essay is on the religious and political thought of the towering twentieth-century Indian Muslim modernist Muhammad Iqbal (d. 1939) as seen in his important English text The Reconstruction of Religious Thought in Islam published in 1930. I also juxtapose Iqbal’s thought with that of the famous Islamist thinker/activist Sayyid Qutb (d. 1966)to think through some of the epistemological convergences between Muslim modernist and Islamist/fundamentalist thought on questions of time and sovereignty.
The Doctrine of Siyasah in the Hanafi Criminal Law and Its Relevance for the Pakistani Legal System
Authors: Ahmad Muhammad Mushtaq
Published: December 2024

The paper argues that a clear understanding of the doctrine of siyasah in the Hanafi criminal law, an ignored area in the deleberations on Islamic criminal law in the post-colonial world, is of vital importance in resolving the conflicts and contradictions existing in the Pakistani laws. The basic contention of the paper is that the classification of rights violated by a crime forms the backbone of the Hanafi criminal law the ignorance of which causes basic confusions. The paper shows that the usage of term ta‘zir in Hanafi law covers a broad range of punishments: punishments laid down by the ruler for offences generally, lesser punishment in cases of hudud and qisas offences and private disciplinary actions. The last of these categories relates to the right of individual and as such it should be excluded from the domain of criminal law. The remaining categories, siyasah and ta‘zir, relate to the right of the ruler and they have almost similar consequences, except for the standard of proof and the limit of punishment. The paper concludes that the doctrine of siyasah can offer better solutions for the complicated problems of the Pakistani criminal justice system, such as blasphemy, rape and pardon in murder cases as well as admissibility of the testimony of women.
Beyond Dichotomies
Authors: Akram Muhammad
Published: December 2024

This paper discusses the issue of the relationship between theology and religious studies, drawing on certain principles of Hans-Georg Gadamer’s hermeneutical theory. Leaving aside differences between Gadamer and his critics, it is argued that his rehabilitation of prejudice, authority and tradition as well as his notions of the fusion of horizons and intersubjective dialogue put into question the utility of dichotomous categories like subjective-objective, normative-descriptive, and insider-outsider in approaches to religion. It is suggested, therefore, that a clearer distinction between theology and religious studies can be established in terms of the subject matter of these disciplines rather than on the basis of their methodological principles. However, as both disciplines venture to understand at least some overlapping dimensions of religious phenomena which make up their common subject matter, to this extent, they can be viewed as dialogical partners and as providing different but complementary perspectives on religion.
A Framework for Evaluating Islamic Banking from “Within”
Authors: Siddique Muhammad Zahid , Iqbal Mazhar
Published: December 2024

Literature on Islamic finance/banking claims that this discipline differs significantly from its counterpart both in its business forms as well as underlying values which guide those business practices. Given the growth performance of Islamic finance/banking, it is important to develop a framework for examining convergence between theory and practice of Islamic banking. Islamic banking theory and practice have been evaluated on several grounds, but no integrated theoretical and empirically verifiable framework has thus far been proposed to take account of the practice of Islamic banking in the light of its own objectives. This study aims at developing an empirically verifiable theoretical framework for this purpose. A set of testable propositions is derived from the theory of Islamic banking proposed by its pioneers. This work will provide the foundation for investigating empirically to what extent Islamic finance/banking theory and practice have converged to its ideals over time.
Farhad Daftary. A History of Shi‘i Islam
Authors: Naqvi Ali Raza
Published: December 2024

Farhad Daftary. A History of Shi‘i Islam
The Hindūstānī Mujāhidīn and the British from the Annexation of Punjab to the Frontier Uprising of 1897
Authors: Ahmad Ishtiaq
Published: December 2024

Hindustani Mujahidin came to the Indian North-West Frontier with Sayyid Ahmad from Rayi Baraili. They, after the demise of their leader, were not powerful enough and hence became highly dependent on the local tribes. The local chiefs not only used them against each other but also made them party to their conflict with the colonial British. After the Ambilah (Ambelah/Ambela) expedition of 1863, the Hindustani Mujahidin faced the worst time of their stay in the Indian North-West frontier due to first, their enmity with the Akhūnd of Swat, and second, the strong colonial check on their supporters in India. This paper argues that on every occasion when Hindustani Mujahidin faced the colonial troops, they not only suffered heavily but were compelled to wander from place to place. The 1890s were particularly a decade in which the Hindustani Mujahidin tried their utmost to avoid confrontation with the colonial troops. This was the reason that the Mujahidin as a group or party remained neutral in the Frontier Uprising of 1897.
Al-Firāsah as a Basic Condition for Achieving Justice in the Judiciary
Authors: Hilal Huda
Published: December 2024

The disagreement among scholars in the field of Islamic jurisprudence requires in-depth research to shed light on opposing viewpoints. Unfortunately, Ibn al-Qayyim’s (d. 751/1350) assumptions about the use of firāsah (ability to interpret signs and contextual evidence) in the judiciary did not receive much attention, despite his efforts to revitalise traditional jurisprudence by adding new meanings and purposes. This study aims to present a comprehensive view of Ibn al-Qayyim’s theory of firāsah in the judiciary. It seeks to answer the following questions: What is Ibn al-Qayyim’s vision of firāsah and what is his legal evidence for it? What are the methods for applying it in the judiciary? What is the position of Muslim scholars regarding his views? The study arrived at some valuable conclusions that can be summarised as follows: Justice is the most important goal of Islam, and to achieve it, the arbiter must use multiple means in addition to confession and witnesses, such as indication (qarīnah), sign (imārah), and circumstantial evidence. Successful firāsah depends on two factors: the sharpness of the arbiter’s mind and the clarity of evidence. Ibn al-Qayyim employed several categories of firāsah, including inferring internal states from external gestures, inferring the recondite from facial reactions and tongue slips, and others. He excluded the Greek physiognomy, which infers dispositions from physical features, as it contradicts Islamic teachings. However, most Muslim scholars strongly opposed his vision, citing authentic ḥadīths as evidence for their views. Ibn al-Qayyim, on the other hand, supported his theory with Qur’ānic verses and the greatest objective of sharī‘ah, which is to achieve justice.
‘Umar b. al-Khaṭṭāb’s Treaties with the People of the Book
Authors: El-Wakil Ahmed , Zein Ibrahim , Rane Halim
Published: December 2024

Muslim and non-Muslim historical sources provide us with contradictory stipulations in the treaties attributed to the second Caliph of Islam ‘Umar b. al-Khaṭṭāb. This article argues that the initial treaties were non-intrusive, with few, if any restrictions on the non-Muslim populations. Notwithstanding that, some security concerns may have been implemented by ‘Umar’s generals during the early conquests on a temporary basis. When the major urban centres came to be classified as amṣār al-muslimīn, the restrictions that had been imposed in the garrison towns of Kūfah, Baṣrah, and Fusṭāṭ were now transferred to cities like Damascus, Jerusalem, and Ṣan‘ā’. The article concludes that over time, more and more restrictions were placed on the local non-Muslim populations, beginning with the decrees of the Umayyad Caliph ‘Umar b. ‘Abd al-Azīz and culminating with the edicts of the ‘Abbāsid Caliph al-Mutawakkil, after which the Pact of ‘Umar took its final form.
The Qur’ānic Covenants
Authors: Soofi Ahmer Bilal
Published: December 2024

This paper explores the Qur’ānic concept of covenants through a legal lens, presenting a structured framework to examine the Qur’ān’s assurances, directives, and obligations as legally cognizable agreements. By integrating theological scholarship with principles of modern contract law, the study identifies Qur’ānic covenants as foundational to divine-human interaction. Through detailed analysis, the paper categorizes these covenants into overarching universal commitments, legal relationships with nonbelievers, and a comprehensive array of believer-specific agreements, including personal, social, and worldly obligations. Emphasizing the Qur’ān’s unique legal architecture, the research illustrates how covenants resemble modern contractual elements such as offer, acceptance, and consideration while maintaining the Qur’ān’s spiritual and transcendental essence. The findings highlight the Qur’ān’s capacity to regulate moral and ethical conduct internally, independent of external legal systems, underscoring its relevance to contemporary faith-based and secular frameworks. This interdisciplinary approach offers profound insights into the Qur’ānic message, reaffirming its role as a self-sustaining system of accountability and ethical universality.
Topological and Parametric Properties of Deep Neural Network
Authors: Misbah Arshad  , Zill e Shams  , Taskeen  , Aizzah Saleem
Published: December 2024

Topological invariant known as index describes the numerous biological functions as well as the physical and chemical characteristics of chemical structure with several applications. A Deep Neural Network (DNN) is created to imitate the functioning of the human brain and has numerous layers to learn its more complicated patterns. Recent studies have focused on the classification of structural features of neural networks.
Nghiên cứu lý thuyết phản ứng giữa gốc propynylidyne với phân tử acetic acid
Authors: Trần Quốc Trị , Phạm Thị Kim Thoa
Published: December 2024

Phản ứng của gốc propynylidyne (Ċ3H) và acetic acid (CH3COOH) đã được nghiên cứu bằng lý thuyết phiếm hàm mật độ (DFT) với phiếm hàm B3LYP sử dụng bộ hàm cơ sở 6-311++G(d,p). Bề mặt thế năng (PES) của hệ Ċ3H + CH3COOH, cùng các thông số nhiệt động học cho các đường phản ứng đã được thiết lập và tính toán chi tiết. Kết quả tính 5 đường phản ứng cho biết sản phẩm của phản ứng này có thể là (l-CCCH2 + H2COOH), (l-CCCH2 + CH3CO ), (c-CCCH2 + H2COOH), (c-CCCH2 + CH3CO ), (C3HCOOH + H3). Trong đó, sự tạo thành (c-CCCH2 + H2COOH) là thuận lợi nhất. Nghiên cứu này là một đóng góp cho sự hiểu biết thêm về khả năng phản ứng của gốc propynylidyne với phân tử nhỏ trong khí quyển và hóa học đốt cháy. Điều này giúp tăng hiểu biết về cơ chế phản ứng hóa học và có thể hướng dẫn cho việc thiết kế các phản ứng hóa học mới và hiệu quả hơn trong tương lai.
HUBUNGAN PENGETAHUAN IBU HAMIL TENTANG TANDA BAHAYA KEHAMILAN DENGAN KEDISPLINAN MELAKSANAKAN ANTENATAL CARE DI PUSKESMAS PAKUAN BARU KOTA JAMBI TAHUN 2024
Authors: Dormina Dormina , Rosdawati Rosdawati
Published: December 2024

Latar Belakang: Mortalitas atau morbiditas ibu hamil dan melahirkan merupakan masalah besar di negara-negara berkembang, yaitu sekitar 25-50%. Sekitar 90% kematian ibu hamil disebabkan oleh persalinan dan pasca persalinan. Pelayanan antenatal merupakan salah satu cara untuk memantau dan mendukung kesehatan ibu hamil. Banyak ibu hamil yang memiliki risiko tinggi dalam persalinan dan harus dirujuk ke rumah sakit. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara pengetahuan ibu hamil tentang tanda-tanda bahaya dengan kedisiplinan  pemeriksaan antenatal. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian analitik korelasional dengan pendekatan cross sectional. Penelitian ini menggunakan 46 sampel dengan purposive sampling. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan dengan wawancara pada ibu hamil. Teknik analisis yang digunakan adalah Chi-Square dengan nilai p<0,05. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan nilai Chi-Square sebesar 5,073 dengan nilai p 0. Terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara pengetahuan ibu hamil tentang tanda-tanda bahaya dengan keteraturan pemeriksaan antenatal. Kata kunci: Pengetahuan, Tanda bahaya, Pelayanan antenatal
A Hybrid Transfer Learning Approach Using Obesity Data for Predicting Cardiovascular Diseases Incorporating Lifestyle Factors
Authors: Modi Krishna , Singh Ishbir , Kumar Yogesh
Published: December 2024

Cardiovascular Diseases (CVDs), particularly heart diseases, are becoming a significant global public health concern. This study enhances CVD detection through a novel approach that integrates obesity prediction using machine learning (ML) models. Specifically, a model trained on an obesity dataset was used to add an 'Obesity level' feature to the heart disease dataset, leveraging the relation of high obesity with increased heart disease risk. We have also calculated BMI and added as a feature in CVD dataset. We evaluated this transfer learning-based novel approach alongside eight ML models. Performance of these models was assessed using precision, recall, accuracy and F1-score metrics. Our research aims to provide healthcare practitioners with reliable tools for early disease diagnosis. Results indicate that ensemble learning methods, which combine the strengths of multiple models, significantly improve accuracy compared to other classifiers. We are able to achieve a 74% accuracy score along with 0.72 F1 score, 0.77 precision and 0.80 AUC with XGBoost classifier, followed closely by the DNN with 73.7% accuracy with 0.72 F1 score, 0.75 precision and AUC of 0.798 with our proposed model. We seek to enhance healthcare efficiency and promote public health by integrating AI-based solutions into medical practice. The findings demonstrate the potential of ML techniques and the effectiveness of incorporating obesity-related features for optimized cardiovascular disease detection.
Analysis and Visualize the Predictive Model Performance: Manual Vs Automated Machine Learning (AutoML) Algorithms for Heart Failure Prediction
Authors: RAJEEV C , Natarajan Karthika
Published: December 2024

Heart failure (HF) is a common complication of cardiovascular diseases. This research focuses on assessing the effectiveness of different models for predicting HF using both Traditional Machine Learning (TML) methods and Automated Machine Learning (AutoML) approaches. TML models need extensive manual tuning and expert knowledge for algorithm selection and optimization, making the process slow and susceptible to human error. To tackle this challenge, the work proposed an AutoML approach utilizing the AutoGluon framework for predicting HF. The main goal of this study is to automate the process of selecting the most efficient model. This study compares a total of twenty (20) individual-trained ML models, consisting of fourteen (14) from AutoML and six (6) from TML. In TML, Logistic Regression (LR) produced the highest 87.50% accuracy and ROC-AUC of 88.83% compared to Support Vector Models (SVM), Decision Trees (DT), Gaussian Naïve Bayes (GNB), Random Forests (RF) and K-Nearest Neighbors (KNN). In AutoML, the CatBoost model outperforms the other thirteen algorithms with the highest accuracy of 99.39% and ROC-AUC of 99.89%. The results show that an AutoML based algorithm called the CatBoost model gives the most accurate model among all 20 models. SHAP was employed to interpret the top-performing model, increasing its transparency and usability.
Automated Machine Learning Classification Framework to Predict Crop Yield and Detect Pest Patterns
Authors: R Gopi , M Tamil Selvi , G Saranraj , P Nagaraj , K Parthiban , A Ranjith Kumar
Published: December 2024

Plant disease identification is crucial to food security and agricultural product availability. Traditional disease diagnosis can be tedious, annoying, and inaccurate. The investigation examines how modern machine learning algorithms might improve plant disease diagnostics for efficacy and precision. Despite this, machine learning faces many obstacles, including model training, processing costs, and rising demand for large data sets. This study proposes a novel method called Automated Machine Learning Classification Framework (AMLCF) to predict crop yield and detect pest patterns. This framework simplifies model selection, hyperparameter adjustment, and feature engineering for non-experts. The amount of time and computational resources needed have additionally been greatly reduced. The suggested AMLCF is evaluated on different unique agricultural datasets to validate its plant disease detection versatility. Our extensive simulation analysis found that AMLCF exceeds existing machine learning methods in speed, accuracy, and usability. AMLCF's detailed demonstration shows this; besides predicting plant illnesses, this system can predict crop yield and detect pests. Those findings suggest AMLCF could transform farming. Better plant health monitoring, early disease identification, and farmer selection could be achieved. The experimental results show that the proposed AMLCF model increases the accuracy ratio by 92.6%, computational efficiency analysis by 97.4%, versatility analysis by 98.3%, user accessibility ratio by 99.1%, and crop health tracking analysis by 94.8% compared to other existing models.
Connecting Visions for a Collaborative Development of El Oulfa Pond (Casablanca, Morocco): Involvement of Civil Society and Scientists
Authors: Nachchach Badr , Jounaid Halima , Fouad Amraoui , Mohamed Taoufik
Published: December 2024

In urban context, wetlands play a proven role in retaining pollution, alleviating the impacts of climate change, and enhancing the well-being of citizens. Managing these ecosystems requires formulating an integrated development policy reconciling protection, enhancement, and the satisfaction of economic and social needs. Achieving this goal requires the establishment of a holistic and collaborative vision that engages all stakeholders. This paper focuses on rehabilitating the El Oulfa Pond located in Casablanca, outlining the role of civil society and scientists in producing quantitative and qualitative data. This work aims to facilitate an informed decision-making process concerning the pond's development. The quantitative analysis enabled us to characterize the water quality and identify the biodiversity of El Oulfa pond. The outcomes underscore that 60% of the bird species whose presence around the pond is confirmed require a habitat in a wetland.  Some species identified are classified as rare, or endangered. 23% of the recorded plants are indicative of a natural area of ecological Interest. These characteristics are important to take into consideration when developing the site. The biodiversity in El Oulfa pond could be jeopardized by significant water pollution. Indeed, the parameters of surface water monitored between 2015 and 2021 show concentrations that exceed the Moroccan thresholds relating to fish water quality. This suggests that for these parameters, the ecosystem does not provide conditions conducive to the maintenance of biodiversity. This pollution also poses challenges for residents who have expressed, during the open forum and interviews conducted in this study, the critical need for depollution and securing the pond before initiating any development. Building upon the study's findings, development strategies have been proposed to enhance the site and promote collective stewardship.
Effect of Different Levels of Nitrogen and Silicon in Rice under Red and Laterite Soil
Authors: Paul Sujay Kumar , Malik Ganesh Chandra , Banerjee Mahua , Majumder Sitabhra
Published: December 2024

A field experiment was conducted at Agriculture Farm, Institute of Agriculture, Visva-Bharati, Sriniketan, West Bengal, during kharif season of 2021-22 and 2022-23 in order to assess the performance of rice under various levels of nitrogen and silicon in red and laterite soil of West Bengal. The experiment was laid out in split plot design with three levels of nitrogen in main plots and five levels of silicon in sub plots. In the pooled data of both the years, among the main plots, treatment N3 with nitrogen applied @ 20 kg/ha as basal + LCC-4 at 20 kg N/ha had the highest plant height (141.24 cm), dry matter accumulation (1411.97 g/sq. m) at harvest, LAI at 60 DAT (4.88), number of tillers per sq. m at harvest (273.94), panicle length (29.04 cm), panicle number (263.82), number of filled grains (102.51), test weight (25.2 g), rice grain yield (6.17 t/ha), straw yield (8.25 t/ha), protein content (7.22%) and protein yield (446.78 kg/ha). Among the sub-plots, treatment S5 with SiO2 applied @ 400 kg/ha recorded the highest plant height (137.98 cm), dry matter accumulation (1337.48 g/sq. m) at harvest, LAI at 60 DAT (4.74), number of tillers per sq. m at harvest (272.91), panicle length (29.53 cm), panicle number (259.73), number of filled grains (105.37), test weight (25.3 g), rice grain yield (5.83 t/ha), straw yield (7.86 t/ha), protein content (7.65 %) and protein yield (445.81 kg/ha).
An Elitism-based Novel Approach for Community Detection in Social Networks
Authors: Sikarwar Ranjana , Gupta Shyam Sunder , Shakya Harish Kumar
Published: December 2024

The detection of communities is an important problem in social network analysis, which has applications in various domains like sociology, biology, computer science, and marketing. In this context, genetic algorithms have proven to be effective in detecting communities by optimizing the modularity score of the network. The proposed work in this research paper uses an elitism-based genetic algorithm with some modified crossover and mutation techniques to detect communities in social networks. The proposed methodology incorporates the concepts of elitism, N-point crossover, and inverse mutation to enhance the effectiveness of genetic algorithms in solving optimization problems. The idea introduced in this article significantly extends the current understanding of optimization and evolutionary algorithms. We present an advanced methodology that leverages various genetic operators to improve the performance of a genetic algorithm in solving community detection problems in complex networks. Numerous research papers have extensively showcased the practicality of evolutionary and swarm-based algorithms in addressing real-world problems across diverse domains like viral marketing, link prediction, influence maximization, political polarization, etc. Hybridizing these algorithms with other optimization techniques has improved the performance and convergence speed, leading to enhanced optimization outcomes.
A Comparative Study on Detection of Breast Cancer by Applying Machine Learning Approaches
Authors: Chakraborty Pradip , Sarkar Bikash Kanti
Published: December 2024

Cancer in breasts appears as a terrible malediction in society. It snitches huge human lives across the world and its peril is going to increase at a startling rate. Identification of this disease at the initial stages is indispensable. In many cases, traditional methods are prone to errors and protracted. Models applying machine learning approaches have been shown fruitful in this application area. There are large numbers of approaches in machine learning which demonstrate impressive results. This research strives to take out the short comings from the existing models and, by resolving the underlying technical issues, deliver higher accuracy in end results. The research motivates and endeavours to make the patients' treatment processes more justified and cost-effective. The research works with WDBC dataset for breast cancer, which is publicly accessible from the UCI research database. This study uses multiple individual learners, namely Support Vector Machines (SVM), Logistic Regression(LR), Random Forest(RF), Naive Bayes(NB), K-Nearest Neighbours(K-NN), Decision Tree(DT) and an ensemble learner called Gradient Boosting(GB) with multiple techniques of feature selection namely Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Recursive Feature Elimination (RFE). The experimental techniques discern subtle patterns within the dataset. The proposed model evaluates the results and performances through metrics specificity, sensitivity and accuracy in a comparative structure. It succeeds with higher accuracy of 98%. The study highlights its potential as a significant tool in medical diagnostics.
Exploring Shareable Contents of Cantonment Public School, College and Govt Zila School in the Field of Education Management
Authors: Hasan K M Zahidul
Published: December 2024

In Bangladesh, there are two common simultaneous branches of education system at secondary levels e.g., Cantonment Public School and College (CPSC) and Govt Zila School (ZS). This study aims to explore the shareable contents of these schooling systems in terms of academic results, co-curricular activities, students’ attendance, and students’ enrollment. To do this, a quantitative research design using a survey questionnaire was employed. A total number of 400 parents and students voluntarily participated in this study. The results explored that there were deviations in the perceptions of parents and students on different aspects of the educational system of these two schools in terms of academic results, co-curricular activities, student attendance, and student enrollment. Nevertheless, the results indicated that some common contents i.e., classroom monitoring, parents’ involvement, and infrastructure are responsible for improving the academic results of these educational systems. The results left insights for teachers, students, policymakers, and researchers.
Investigating EFL Students’ Speaking Anxiety in Speaking Performance
Authors: Nuraeni Devi , Wati Atikah , Larasaty Gina
Published: December 2024

The study examines the levels of anxiety in speaking English among students and explores strategies they employ to alleviate this anxiety. Drawing from Balemir's categorization of Foreign Language Speaking Anxiety into high, moderate, and low levels, and supported by Kondo and Ying's theory, six strategies for reducing speaking anxiety are identified: preparation, relaxation, positive thinking, audience depreciation, concentration, and resignation. Conducted as a qualitative case study, the research involved 30 students from class XI IPS 3 at SMAN 1 Lohbener. While all students completed questionnaires to assess their anxiety levels, 12 students were selected for in-depth interviews, representing each level of anxiety. Instruments included the Foreign Language Speaking Anxiety Scale (FLSAS) and a semi-structured interview based on Kondo's framework. Results indicate that 16.6% of students experienced low anxiety, 40% moderate anxiety, and 43.3% high anxiety in speaking English. Strategies employed by students to reduce anxiety included preparation through studying and seeking assistance, relaxation techniques like calming down and consuming water, positive thinking, audience depreciation by diverting attention, concentration methods such as speaking slowly, and resignation, where students withdraw or remain silent. These findings shed light on the prevalence of speaking anxiety among students and the efficacy of various coping strategies, providing insights for educators to support students in improving their english speaking proficiency.
Keywords: Speaking performance, Anxiety
An Analysis of Factors of Student’s Difficulties in Listening Comprehension
Authors: Fadli Moch , Kurniasari Renny , Amalia Hariana
Published: December 2024

Listening comprehension in the learning process greatly helps increase students’ performance in mastering English listening skills students and to understand the topic or lesson being studied. The purpose of this research to find out students’ difficulties in listening comprehension. Based on what the researcher observed when doing preliminary with some students, it seems they have difficulties when doing an exercise in listening comprehension. In this research mixed method were used. The researcher took 34 participants of the students and for the interview sections, the researcher took 6 students from 34 students in the class of XI IPA 1 at the year eleventh of SMA Tunas Bangsa. The data were gathered by using questionnaire and interview adapted by Hamouda (2013) in the classroom. Based on the research findings, the researcher found out that the most of students at the year eleventh of Senior High School Tunas Bangsa have various difficulties in listening comprehension such as (1) unfamiliar words in listening material, (2) unfamiliar topics of linguistics, (3) unable to concentrate, (4) students’ anxiety, (5) the audiences’ factors, (6) the audio factors, and (7) physical environmental.
EFL Teacher’s Tactics In Teaching Speaking at Senior High School
Authors: Tarmin Andi Masriadi , Aeni Nur
Published: December 2024

This research is aimed to describe the strategies utilized by the Englsih teacher in teaching speaking to the tenth-grade students of SMA Islam Negeri Athirah Bone. This research explores how innovative methods improve students’ speaking proficiency, offering insights into adaptable strategies for language teaching. This study utilizes a qualitative research design focusing on interviews. The study was conducted with one English teacher as the research subject. The findings of the research indicate that the teacher utilized a variety of strategies, in this case, role-play, dialogue, group discussion, modeling use of media or technology, storytelling, peer teaching, simulation, interactive games, presentations, language games, think-pair-share, task-based learning, question and answer sessions, improvisation activities, use of authentic materials, and error correction and feedback sessions. It is concluded that the teacher utilized diverse strategies in teaching and speaking to the tenth-grade students of SMA Islam Athirah Bone. Additionally, the implication of this research is that educators in different levels of education can adopt a variety of interactive techniques to adapt to students’ various learning style and needs.