bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Hydration Properties of Portland Cement Paste with Boron Gangue
Authors: Zhao Quan , Tu Jianwei , Han Weiwei , Wang Xi , Chen Youzhi
Published: March 2020

In order to prepare a good radiation shielding concrete with a proper setting time and a high strength, the hydration properties of cement with boron gangue were investigated by the methods of XRD, isothermal microcalorimetry, TG/DSC, and FTIR. The results demonstrated that it was mainly related to the insoluble matter CaB2O4·4H2O and Ca(H2BO3)2·4H2O that boron gangue could severely inhibit the cement hydration. Boron gangue made a significant retardation on Portland cement hydration with the form of BO33− and BO45−, which caused an obvious retardation of C3A and C3S hydration with an insoluble coat and a low solubility of calcium ion in the solution. Therefore, it is important and necessary to take into consideration the chemistry of borates in aqueous and the kind of cement‐based or cementitious materials used for radiation shielding concrete with boron or boron compounds, especially for the materials with a high content of C3A and C3S.
Liberation from Dialysis Dependence in a Patient with HIV-Associated Nephropathy (HIVAN) after Combined Antiretroviral Therapy (cART)
Authors: Ramoutar Virin , Makary Raafat , Ravi Malleswari , James Leighton , Heilig Charles
Published: March 2020

Prior to the advent of combined antiretroviral therapy (cART), human immunodeficiency virus-associated nephropathy (HIVAN) was inevitably associated with rapidly progressive renal failure and dialysis dependence. HIV-1 seropositive patients often met with untimely deaths due to complications of end-stage renal disease (ESRD), opportunistic infections, or other HIV-related end-organ failure. Although the association between cART and improved outcomes in HIVAN has been recognized for over 20 years, no randomized trials have specifically examined this effect to date. In terms of reversal of dialysis-dependent renal failure after cART initiation, only a handful of case reports exist. The authors report a case of a 44-year-old Latino male requiring thrice-weekly haemodialysis in the setting of biopsy-proven HIVAN who was able to stop dialysis in 7 months after being initiated on cART.
Sequence Analysis of the K13‐Propeller Gene in Artemisinin Challenging Plasmodium falciparum Isolates from Malaria Endemic Areas of Odisha, India: A Molecular Surveillance Study
Authors: Rana Ramakanta , Ranjit Manoranjan , Bal Madhusmita , Khuntia Hemant Kumar , Pati Sanghamitra , Krishna Sri , Das Aparup
Published: March 2020

Estimation of the spread and advancement of Plasmodium falciparum artemisinin‐resistant parasites can be done by probing polymorphisms in the kelch (Pfk13) domain (a validated molecular marker). This study aimed to provide baseline information for future artemisinin surveillance by analyzing the k13‐propeller domain in P. falciparum field isolates collected from 24 study areas in 14 malaria hot spots of Odisha (previously Orissa) during July 2018‐January 2019. A total of 178 P. falciparum mono infections were assessed. An 849‐base pair fragment encoding the Pfk13 propeller was amplified by nested polymerase chain reaction and sequenced in both directions (PCR). After DNA alignment with the 3D7 reference sequence, all samples were found to be wild type. It can be anticipated that malaria public health is not under direct threat in Odisha relating to ART resistance.
Total Phenolic, Flavonoid Contents, and Antioxidant Activities of Fruit, Seed, and Bark Extracts ofZanthoxylum armatumDC
Authors: Phuyal Nirmala , Jha Pramod Kumar , Raturi Pankaj Prasad , Rajbhandary Sangeeta
Published: March 2020

Natural antioxidants present in several medicinal plants are responsible for inhibiting the harmful effects of oxidative stress. These plants contain polyphenols and flavonoids that act as free radical scavengers and reduce oxidative stress and may be an alternative remedy to cure various harmful human diseases. This study aims to quantify the total phenolic and flavonoid contents (TPC and TFC) and antioxidant properties of methanol extracts of fruits, seeds, and bark of an important medicinal and aromatic plant,Zanthoxylum armatumcollected from wild and cultivated populations in Nepal. TPC was determined by Folin–Ciocalteu colorimetric method using gallic acid as standard, and various concentrations of the extract solutions were measured at 760 nm. TFC was calculated by aluminum chloride colorimetric assay. Quercetin was used as standard, and the absorbance was measured at 510 nm. The antioxidant potential of the different extracts was estimated by DPPH free radical scavenging assay, and the absorbance was measured at 517 nm. The highest TPC value was 226.3 ± 1.14 mg GAE/g in wild fruits, and the lowest was 137.72 ± 4.21 mg GAE/g in cultivated seeds. Similarly, the highest TFC value was 135.17 ± 2.02 mg QE/g in cultivated fruits, and the lowest was 76.58 ± 4.18 mg QE/g in cultivated seeds. The extracts showed variable antioxidant properties. The fruits exhibited excellent antioxidant properties with IC50values of 40.62 μg/mL and 45.62 μg/mL for cultivated and wild fruits, respectively. Similarly, the IC50values of the bark were 63.39 μg/mL and 67.82 μg/mL, respectively, for cultivated and wild samples. And the least antioxidant capacity was shown by the seeds extract with IC50values of 86.75 μg/mL and 94.49 μg/mL for wild and cultivated seeds, respectively. The IC50value of the standard ascorbic acid was 36.22 μg/mL. Different extracts ofZ.armatumcontain considerable amount of phenols and flavonoids, including antioxidant properties, suggesting the potential use of this species in pharmacy and phytotherapy as a source of natural antioxidants.
Study QoS Optimization and Energy Saving Techniques in Cloud, Fog, Edge, and IoT
Authors: Qu Zhiguo , Wang Yilin , Sun Le , Peng Dandan , Li Zheng
Published: March 2020

With an increase of service users’ demands on high quality of services (QoS), more and more efficient service computing models are proposed. The development of cloud computing, fog computing, and edge computing brings a number of challenges, e.g., QoS optimization and energy saving. We do a comprehensive survey on QoS optimization and energy saving in cloud computing, fog computing, edge computing, and IoT environments. We summarize the main challenges and analyze corresponding solutions proposed by existing works. This survey aims to help readers have a deeper understanding on the concepts of different computing models and study the techniques of QoS optimization and energy saving in these models.
Green Synthesis of S- and N-Codoped Carbon Nanospheres and Application as Adsorbent of Pb (II) from Aqueous Solution
Authors: Hussain Nadia , Alwan Salam , Alshamsi Hassan , Sahib Ibrahim
Published: March 2020

In this paper, green and facile synthesis of sulfur- and nitrogen-codoped carbon nanospheres (CNs) was prepared from the extract of Hibiscus sabdariffa L by a direct hydrothermal method. Finally, sulfur-carbon nanospheres (CNs) were used as the adsorbent to remove Pb+2 ions from aqueous solutions because of the high surface area of S-CNs from CNs and N-CNs. The synthesized nanospheres were examined by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and nitrogen adsorption-desorption isotherms. The results show spherical shapes have a particle size of up to 65 nm with a high surface area capable of absorbing lead ions efficiently. Additionally, the factors affecting the process of adsorption that include equilibrium time, temperature, pH solution, ionic intensity, and adsorbent dose were studied. The equilibrium removal efficiency was studied employing Langmuir, Freundlich, and Temkin isotherm forms. The kinetic data were analyzed with two different kinetic models, and both apply to the adsorption process depending on the values of correlation coefficients. The thermodynamic parameters including Gibbs free energy (ΔG°), standard enthalpy change (ΔH°), and standard entropy change (ΔS°) were calculated for the adsorption process.
Nonlinear Dynamics Analysis and Global Stabilization of Underactuated Horizontal Spring-Coupled Two-Link Manipulator
Authors: Zhang Ancai , She Jinhua , Li Zhenxing , Pang Guochen , Liu Zhi , Qiu Jianlong
Published: March 2020

An underactuated horizontal spring-coupled two-link manipulator (UHSTM) is a nonlinear system that has one actuator and two degrees of freedom (DOF). This paper analyzes the nonlinear dynamics and develops a new global stabilization control method for this 2-DOF underactuated system. First, a set of suitable state variables are constructed to change the UHSTM system into a cascade nonlinear system. Second, a Lyapunov function is constructed based on the structural characteristics of the cascade system. A control law is designed to ensure the closed-loop control system to be Lyapunov stable. After that, the global asymptotical stability conditions are derived from the analysis of the closed-loop control system. Finally, numerical examples demonstrate the validity of the theoretical analysis results.
Experimental Study on the Seismic Behavior of a Steel‐Concrete Hybrid Structure with Buckling Restrained Braces
Authors: Li Liang , Li Guoqiang , Zhou Tianhua
Published: March 2020

The damage to a concrete wall caused by a strong earthquake is generally concentrated at the bottom of the concrete wall, which seriously threatens the safety of the steel‐concrete hybrid structure and is very difficult to repair after an earthquake. In this paper, a steel‐concrete hybrid structure with buckling restrained braces at a scale of 1/10 is constructed and tested on a shaking table. First, the mechanical properties of the BRBs are obtained through a static reciprocating loading test. Then, the dynamic properties and seismic response of the steel‐concrete hybrid structure with BRBs are obtained through shaking table tests. The results show that (1) the energy dissipation capacity of the BRBs is very good, and none of the BRBs buckle during the shaking table tests; (2) the steel beams and columns are basically in an elastic state; (3) all the cracks on the concrete wall are microcracks, which are widely distributed in floors 1–8 of the concrete walls; (4) the maximum interstory drift angle reaches 1/40, which indicates that the ductility of the steel‐concrete hybrid structure is very good. In conclusion, BRBs can significantly improve the seismic performance of the steel‐concrete hybrid structures.
Wage Differential between Rural Migrant and Urban Workers in the People's Republic of China
Authors: Cheng Hong , Hu Dezhuang , Li Hongbin
Published: March 2020

Using a recently constructed dataset that draws on the China Employer–Employee Survey, this paper provides new evidence on the earnings gap between rural migrant and urban manufacturing workers in the People's Republic of China. When we only control for province fixed effects, we find that rural migrant workers are paid 22.3% less per month and 32.2% less per hour than urban workers. We find that the gap in hourly earnings is larger than the gap in monthly earnings because rural migrant workers tend to work an average of 5.6% more hours per month than urban workers. Using these data, we also find that 87.4% of the monthly earnings gap and 73.9% of the hourly earnings gap can be attributed to differences in the individual characteristics and human capital levels of rural migrant and urban workers. Furthermore, we find that this unexplained earnings gap varies among different groups of workers. The earnings gap is much larger (i) for workers in state-owned enterprises than in nonstate-owned enterprises, (ii) for college-educated workers than workers with lower levels of educational attainment, and (iii) in Guangdong province than in Hubei province.
Volumetric Reconstructions of Found Footage:Stressing the Nonidentity of 3D Replicas
Authors: Menotti Gabriel
Published: March 2020

This article examines the history and operational underpinnings of forms of volumetric reconstruction based on the capture of visual data, particularly photogrammetry. Photogrammetry is one of the chief techniques currently employed in the production of virtual replicas for heritage conservation and audiovisual production. The computational realism resulting from this process induces the belief that it is possible to recover the totality of an object from its medial traces. The author analyzes how his work, as well as those of other artists, challenges this technological promise by exploring the formal idiosyncrasies of photogrammetric models.
Morpho-anatomy of the cypselae of native species of Mutisieae (Asteraceae) from Mexico

Authors: REDONDA-MARTÍNEZ ROSARIO , TERRAZAS TERESA , ROJAS-LEAL ALICIA
Published: March 2020

The aims of this study were to describe and illustrate cypselae of 15 Mexican species of Mutisieae from observations using optical and scanning electron microscopy. The cypselae are heteromorphic with pilose, sericeous or glandular indumentum. The primary sculpture of the surface has two microstructural patterns: reticulate and plicate. The secondary sculpture is striate in 13 taxa, but in two species, Chaptalia estribensis and C. mexicana, differences were found in the secondary sculpture of the external and internal cypselae. The most distinctive anatomical trait is in the epicarp, which has rectangular or square-shaped cells that have a convex periclinal wall in most species of Chaptalia. The mesocarp has vascular bundles with fibers in all species of Chaptalia, but fibers are absent in Adenocaulon, Gerbera and Leibnitzia. In addition, the cells of the mesocarp inner layer have either thick walls or only an anticlinal wall in nine species of Chaptalia. The micromorphological characteristics of the primary or secondary sculpture of the surface, the type of trichomes and the variation they present have taxonomical value for recognizing closely-related taxa, whereas anatomical traits of the mesocarp distinguish Adenocaulon, Gerbera and Leibnitzia from most Chaptalia species.
A new name for Emilia flaccida C.Jeffrey (Asteraceae)

Authors: KOTTAIMUTHU RAMALINGAM , BASU MUTHURAMALINGAM JOTHI , SUKANYADEVI MOORTHI , KUMAR JOHN KENNEDY JOHN PRAVEEN
Published: March 2020

Emilia Cassini (1817: 68) is a palaeotropical genus of annual and perennial herbs comprising about 116 species (POWO 2020), the majority of which found in Africa south of the Sahara (Beentje et al. 2005, Nordenstam 2007). In 1986, Jeffrey described Emilia flaccida but he appears to have been unaware of an earlier homonym, E. flaccida Miquel (1856: 102), which already exists for a Sumatran species. Therefore, E. flaccida Jeffrey (1986: 916) is to be treated as an illegitimate later homonym of E. flaccida Miquel (1856: 102). Till now, no legitimate synonym was known to exist for E. flaccida Jeffrey (POWO 2020), hence a new name is proposed here.
Hieracium richianum (Asteraceae), a new species of H. sect. Alpina from the Eastern Carpathians in Romania

Authors: SZELĄG ZBIGNIEW
Published: March 2020

Hieracium richianum, a new, apomictic, tetraploid (x = 9) species is described from the Ciucaș Mountains, Eastern Carpathians, Romania. It belongs to the H. fritzei aggregate comprising taxa of presumably hybrid origin between H. alpinum and H. prenanthoides. The new species is illustrated with photos of the holotype and living plants.
Four new species of the Oriental genus Siamites Franz (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae, Scydmaeninae)
Authors: JAŁOSZYŃSKI PAWEŁ
Published: March 2020

Four new species of the rare glandulariine genus Siamites Franz are described: S. langkatensis sp. n. (Indonesia); S. thantonus sp. n. (Thailand); S. sumatrensis sp. n. (Indonesia); and S. sabahensis sp. n. (E Malaysia). The Indonesian species represent the first records of Siamites on Sumatra, and the Malay species is the first Siamites known to occur in Sabah; the number of nominal Siamites species increases to eight.
Taxonomic study of the freshwater shrimps genus Atyoida Randall, 1840 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Atyidae) in Polynesia with a revalidation of A. tahitensis Stimpson, 1860
Authors: LORANG CAMILLE , DE MAZANCOURT VALENTIN , MARQUET GÉRARD , KEITH PHILIPPE
Published: March 2020

Numerous specimens of Atyoida were collected in Polynesia during specific samplings led by the Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle (MNHN, Paris) from 1983 to 2017. In the context of an integrative taxonomy, all the Polynesian specimens were morphologically and genetically studied. The molecular study proved that the specimens were split in two different clades separated by 7% genetic distance (16S) and geographically structured that can be considered as two distinct species. In this article, A. tahitensis Stimpson, 1860 from Eastern Polynesia is re-validated as a distinct species from A. pilipes (Newport 1847) from Vanuatu to Marquesas archipelago. The morphological study, besides coloration patterns (Body blackish on its back, ornamented on its flanks with numerous bluish dots and longitudinal stripes for A. tahitensis; orange-yellow back as well as the antennular peduncle, telson and uropods with the flanks whitish ornamented with numerous blue-black patterns of various shapes for A. pilipes), did not allow us to find characters to distinguish easily the two species. Detailed re-descriptions and the geographical distribution of these two species are given and a neotype deposited in the MNHN (Paris) is designated for A. tahitensis.
Three new species of the millipede genus Catharosoma Silvestri, 1897 from southern Brazil, with new records and a clarified identity of Catharosoma intermedium (Carl, 1902) (Diplopoda: Polydesmida: Paradoxosomatidae)
Authors: RODRIGUES PATRÍCIA E. S. , GOLOVATCH SERGEI I. , OTT RICARDO , RODRIGUES EVERTON N. L.
Published: March 2020

Three new species of Catharosoma are described from southern Brazil: Catharosoma pedritense n. sp., Catharosoma promatense n. sp., and Catharosoma ibirapuitense n. sp.. New records of three other Catharosoma species, which considerably extend their distributions, are provided, including a redescription of the hitherto particularly poorly-known species Catharosoma intermedium (Carl, 1902).
Four new and three newly recorded species of Diduga Moore, [1887] (Lepidoptera, Erebidae, Arctiinae) from China
Authors: BAYARSAIKHAN ULZIIJARGAL , LI HOUHUN , IM KYUNG-HOAN , BAE YANG-SEOP
Published: March 2020

Four new species, Diduga luteogibbosa n. sp., D. allodubatolovi n. sp., D. scalprata n. sp. and D. hainanensis n. sp. are described from China along with three newly recorded species, D. albicosta Hampson, 1891, D. nigridentata Bayarsaikhan & Bae, 2019 and D. hanoiensis Bayarsaikhan & Bae, 2019. A key to the Chinese species of the genus Diduga, with illustrations of adults and genitalia of examined species are presented.
Revision of the genus Systellapha Enderlein (Micropezidae, Taeniapterinae)
Authors: MARSHALL STEPHEN A.
Published: March 2020

The genus Systellapha Enderlein, currently treated as part of Grallipeza Rondani, is resurrected and redescribed to include S. ornatithorax Enderlein and two new species, S. digifurca and S. ornatifemur. The genus is diagnosed by its extremely broad palpus and characteristic silvery thoracic vittae, and further defined by characters of the male and female terminalia.
Taking a closer look: an SEM review of Levinsenia species (Polychaeta: Paraonidae) reported from California
Authors: LOVELL LAWRENCE L. , FITZHUGH KIRK
Published: March 2020

Scanning electron (SEM) and light microscope examinations of members of Levinsenia Mesnil, 1897, species from California yielded a new species, new characters, emended name and range extension for L. kirbyorum Lovell, 2002. Specimens of L. gracilis (Tauber, 1879) from Sweden, Iceland, and California were compared and could not be distinguished on the basis of morphology. Two other Californian species, L. multibranchiata (Hartman, 1957) and L. oculata (Hartman, 1957), were also examined. SEM revealed features previously undescribed for the genus. Additional prostomial ciliary bundles, dorsal transverse ciliary branchial connections, notopodial sensory pores, and neurochaetal fascicle configurations. Levinsenia barwicki n.sp. possessing a terminal sensory organ, 4-8 leaf-like ciliate branchiae, and recurved neurochaete with distal hood is described More SEM work is necessary to confirm if these features are present among other members of Levinsenia and other Paraonidae genera. The status of Levinsenia according to the phylogenetic analysis performed by Langeneck et al. (2019, Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 136, 1-13) is discussed.
A new stiletto fly genus from South America (Diptera: Therevidae: Agapophytinae)
Authors: IRWIN MICHAEL E. , WINTERTON SHAUN L.
Published: March 2020

The South American members of the stiletto fly subfamily Agapophytinae (Diptera: Therevidae) comprise three genera that occur predominantly in the western region. Here we describe a newly discovered genus, Sigalopella gen. n., from Chile containing four new species.
On the genera Ptiloneura Enderlein, Loneura Navás, and Loneuroides García Aldrete (Psocodea: ‘Psocoptera’: Ptiloneuridae)
Authors: ALDRETE ALFONSO N. GARCÍA , OBANDO RANULFO GONZÁLEZ , GIRONZA NANCY CARREJO
Published: March 2020

The Psocodea genera Ptiloneura Enderlein and Loneura Navás are redefined. Some species of Loneura are transferred to Ptiloneura. Loneuroides García Aldrete is synonymized with Ptiloneura. Ptiloneura ceases to be monotypic, and extends its distribution to Brazil, Colombia, Nicaragua and Venezuela.
The invertebrate host of salmonid fish parasites Ceratonova shasta and Parvicapsula minibicornis (Cnidaria: Myxozoa), is a novel fabriciid annelid, Manayunkia occidentalis sp. nov. (Sabellida: Fabriciidae)
Authors: ATKINSON STEPHEN D. , BARTHOLOMEW JERRI L. , ROUSE GREG W.
Published: March 2020

Myxosporea (Cnidaria: Myxozoa) are common fish parasites with complex life cycles that involve annelid hosts. Two economically important salmonid-infecting myxosporeans from rivers of the northwestern United States, Ceratonova shasta (Noble, 1950) and Parvicapsula minibicornis Kent et al., 1997, have life cycles that require a freshwater annelid host, identified previously as Manayunkia speciosa Leidy, 1859. This species was described originally from Pennsylvania, with subsequent records from New Jersey, the Great Lakes and west coast river basins. Despite apparent widespread distributions of both suitable fish hosts and the nominal annelid host, both parasites are restricted to river basins in the northwestern US and have never been recorded from the Great Lakes or the eastern US. In this study, we sampled 94 infected and uninfected annelids from two northwestern US rivers to confirm the identity of the host. We found these new specimens had mitochondrial COI sequences with no more than 4.5% distance from each other, but with at least 11% divergence from M. speciosa sampled from near the type locality (New Jersey) and Lake Superior. We did not recover any M. speciosa from either west coast river. The annelid from the Klamath and Willamette rivers showed marked sexual dimorphism that has not been reported in any Manayunkia described to date, though it is apparent that this had been missed in M. speciosa. Accordingly, we describe a new taxon, Manayunkia occidentalis sp. nov., and show that it can host both C. shasta and P. minibicornis. We suspect that previous records of Manayunkia from Pacific Northwest watersheds are likely to be M. occidentalis sp. nov. and not M. speciosa. Sampling of Manayunkia from additional localities is underway to test if the novel Manayunkia species is the only freshwater fabriciid annelid present across the Pacific Northwest.
Improving High-Impact Numerical Weather Prediction with Lidar and Drone Observations
Authors: Leuenberger Daniel , Haefele Alexander , Omanovic Nadja , Fengler Martin , Martucci Giovanni , Calpini Bertrand , Fuhrer Oliver , Rossa Andrea
Published: March 2020

The current atmospheric observing systems fail to provide a satisfactory amount of spatially and temporally resolved observations of temperature and humidity in the planetary boundary layer (PBL) despite their potential positive impact on numerical weather prediction (NWP). This is particularly critical for humidity, which exhibits a very high variability in space and time or for the vertical distribution of temperature, determining the atmosphere’s stability. Novel ground-based lidar remote sensing technologies and in situ measurements from unmanned aerial vehicles can fill this observational gap, but operational maturity was so far lacking. Only recently, commercial lidar systems for temperature and humidity profiling in the lower troposphere and automated observations on board of drones have become available. Raman lidar can provide profiles of temperature and humidity with high temporal and vertical resolution in the troposphere. Drones can provide high-quality in situ observations of various meteorological variables with high temporal and vertical resolution, but flights are complicated in high-wind situations, icing conditions, and can be restricted by aviation activity. Both observation systems have shown to considerably improve analyses and forecasts of high-impact weather, such as thunderstorms and fog in an operational, convective-scale NWP framework. The results of this study demonstrate the necessity for and the value of additional, high-frequency PBL observations for NWP and how lidar and drone observations can fill the gap in the current operational observing system.
The Formation of Turbidity Maximum Zones by Minor Axis Tidal Straining in Regions of Freshwater Influence
Authors: Flores Raúl P. , Rijnsburger Sabine , Horner-Devine Alexander R. , Kumar Nirnimesh , Souza Alejandro J. , Pietrzak Julie D.
Published: March 2020

This study investigates the influence of tidal straining in the generation of turbidity maximum zones (TMZ), which are observed to extend for tens of kilometers along some shallow, open coastal seas. Idealized numerical simulations are conducted to reproduce the cross-shore dynamics and tidal straining in regions of freshwater influence (ROFIs), where elliptical current patterns are generated by the interaction between stratification and a tidal Kelvin wave. Model results show that tidal straining leads to cross-shore sediment convergence and the formation of a nearshore TMZ that is detached from the coastline. The subtidal landward sediment fluxes are created by asymmetries in vertical mixing between the stratifying and destratifying phases of the tidal cycle. This process is similar to the tidal straining mechanism that is observed in estuaries, except that in this case the convergence zone and TMZ are parallel to the shoreline and perpendicular to both the direction of the freshwater flux and the major axis of the tidal flow. We introduce the term minor axis tidal straining (MITS) to describe the tidal straining in these systems and to differentiate it from the tidal straining that occurs when the major axis of the tidal ellipse is aligned with the density gradient. The occurrence of tidal straining and the coastal TMZ is predicted in terms of the Simpson (Si) and Stokes (Stk) numbers, and top–bottom tidal ellipticity difference (Δε). Based on our results, we find that SiStk2 > 3 and Δε > 0.5 provide a limiting condition for the required density gradients and latitudes for the occurrence of MITS and the generation of a TMZ.
Hierarchical Bayes Approach to Estimate the Treatment Effect for Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: Liang Xinya , Kamata Akihito , Li Ji
Published: March 2020

One important issue in Bayesian estimation is the determination of an effective informative prior. In hierarchical Bayes models, the uncertainty of hyperparameters in a prior can be further modeled via their own priors, namely, hyper priors. This study introduces a framework to construct hyper priors for both the mean and the variance hyperparameters for estimating the treatment effect in a two-group randomized controlled trial. Assuming a random sample of treatment effect sizes is obtained from past studies, the hyper priors can be constructed based on the sampling distributions of the effect size mean and precision. The performance of the hierarchical Bayes approach was compared with the empirical Bayes approach (hyperparameters are fixed values or point estimates) and the ordinary least squares (OLS) method via simulation. The design factors for data generation included the sample treatment effect size, treatment/control group size ratio, and sample size. Each generated data set was analyzed using the hierarchical Bayes approach with three hyper priors, the empirical Bayes approach with twelve priors (including correct and inaccurate priors), and the OLS method. Results indicated that the proposed hierarchical Bayes approach generally outperformed the empirical Bayes approach and the OLS method, especially with small samples. When more sample effect sizes were available, the treatment effect was estimated more accurately regardless of the sample sizes. Practical implications and future research directions are discussed.
When (and why) job self-efficacy does not promote career success: The roles of resilience and organizational prototypicality
Authors: Guillén Laura
Published: March 2020

Does job self-efficacy affect career success? In this article, we explore the idea that not only insufficient, but also excessive self-efficacy can impede success. We used multisource, time-lag data on managers working at a social-work organization to test our theoretical predictions. Our results show that job self-efficacy has a curvilinear relationship with resilient behavior, which in turn affects managers’ career success: self-efficacy increased resilience up to a point where it turned not significant. We also found an antidote for the negative consequences of low self-efficacy: when managers were perceived to embody the values and behaviors typical in their organization—i.e., high organizational prototypicality—low self-efficacy did not hamper their success. These findings suggest that low job self-efficacy is not invariably an obstacle to being successful in organizations. They also contravene the assumption that the more self-efficacy, the better; a supportive work environment might be just as important.
Subgingival Host-Microbial Interactions in Hyperglycemic Individuals
Authors: Kumar P.S. , Monteiro M.F. , Dabdoub S.M. , Miranda G.L. , Casati M.Z. , Ribeiro F.V. , Cirano F.R. , Pimentel S.P. , Casarin R.C.V.
Published: March 2020

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is an established risk factor for periodontitis, yet its contribution to creating host-bacterial disequilibrium in the subgingival crevice is poorly understood. The present investigation aimed to quantify the impact of hyperglycemia on host-bacterial interactions in established periodontitis and to map shifts in these dynamics following mechanical nonsurgical therapy. Seventeen T2DM and 17 non-T2DM subjects with generalized severe chronic periodontitis were recruited along with 20 periodontally healthy individuals. Subjects with periodontitis were treated with scaling and root planing (SRP). Samples of subgingival biofilm and gingival crevicular fluid were collected at baseline and at 1-, 3-, and 6 mo postoperatively. Correlations were generated between 13.7 million 16S ribosomal DNA sequences and 8 immune mediators. Intermicrobial and host-microbial interactions were modeled using differential network analysis. Periodontal health was characterized by a sparse interbacterial and highly connected cytokine-bacterial network, while both normoglycemics and T2DM subjects with periodontitis demonstrated robust congeneric and intergeneric hubs but significantly fewer cytokine-bacterial connections. Following SRP, the cytokine-bacterial edges demonstrated a 2-fold increase 1 mo postoperatively and a 10-fold increase at 6 mo in normoglycemics. In hyperglycemics, there was a doubling at 1 mo but no further changes thereafter. These shifts accompanied an increasingly sparse interbacterial network. In normoglycemics, the nodes anchored by interleukin (IL)–4, IL-6, and IL-10 demonstrated greatest rewiring, while in hyperglycemics, IL-1β, IL-6, INF-γ, and IL-17 exhibited progressive rewiring. Thus, the present investigation points to a breakdown in host-bacterial mutualism in periodontitis, with interbacterial interactions rather than host-bacterial interactions primarily determining community assembly. Hyperglycemia further exacerbates this uncoupled mutualism. Our data also demonstrate that while nonsurgical therapy might not consistently alter microbial abundances or lower proinflammatory molecules, it “reboots” the interaction between the immunoinflammatory system and the newly colonizing microbiome, restoring a role for the immune system in determining bacterial colonization. However, this outcome is lower and delayed in hyperglycemics.
The Intersectionality of Trauma and Activism: Narratives Constructed From a Qualitative Study
Authors: Milo Haglili Ronna
Published: March 2020

The literature on social action in the face of trauma, even while relatively sparse, indicates potential links between these domains of experience. Drawing on this literature, this article explores the meanings made by two mental health professionals who identify as being highly involved in social activism and who experienced past trauma that has significantly affected their lives. The personal narratives of these individuals were compiled from semistructured interviews that were selected for a qualitative thematic analysis. Meaningful recurrent themes indicated mutual influences of social action and trauma. Themes included (1) retraumatization and emotional pain associated with activism, (2) trauma and empathy, (3) healing and transformation through activism, (4) from powerlessness to action, (5) from alienation to validation, and (6) integration of parts of self. When applied within the psychoanalytic context of “witnessing,” data revealed three modes: (1) witnessing oneself, (2) communal witnessing, and (3) the language of activism as a witness. While excessive, overwhelming contact with trauma through activism may, in certain situations, engender risks of retraumatization and psychic stagnation, social activism may serve as a facilitator of intrapsychic movement and trauma transformation. Additionally, processing trauma through psychotherapy may contribute to an effective activism. Therefore, while trauma may involve devastating consequences, this article illustrates how people who experienced trauma may avert psychological states of helplessness and powerlessness, and processes and conditions by which individuals who endured trauma may develop a humane, compassionate view of self and others.
The evolution of religious cognition
Authors: Watts Fraser
Published: March 2020

Several accounts of the evolution of religion distinguish two phases: an earlier shamanic stage and a later doctrinal stage. Similarly, several theories of human cognition distinguish two cognitive modes: a phylogenetically older system that is largely intuitive and a later, more distinctively human system that is more rational and articulate. This article suggests that cognition in the earlier stage in the evolution of religion is largely at the level of intuition, whereas the cognition of doctrine or religion is more conceptual and rational. Early religious cognition is more embodied and is more likely to carry healing benefits. The evolutionary origins of religion in humans seem to depend on developments in the cognitive architecture. It is further suggested that the cognition of early religion shows less conceptual differentiation, is characteristically participatory rather than objectifying and is less individualistic. The development of religion in recent centuries appears to show some approximate recapitulation of the stages through which religion originally evolved.
Too Stressed To Be Engaged? The Role of Basic Needs Satisfaction in Understanding Work Stress and Public Sector Engagement
Authors: Breaugh Jessica
Published: March 2020

This article explores employee engagement by linking stress, motivation, and employee engagement theory and testing this across 30 countries and eight public sector occupations. First, it is argued that work stress will be negatively related to engagement. Self-determination theory is then used as a basis for exploring the positive link between basic needs satisfaction (BNS) and engagement. It argued that BNS will moderate the relationship between stress and engagement due to the impact that BNS has on coping strategies. These claims are tested using the 2015 wave of the European Working Conditions Survey. Results show stress and engagement are negatively related, whereas BNS and engagement are positively related. Moderation analyses revealed that the detrimental relationship between stress and engagement is lessened for individuals who have strong interpersonal relations at work. This suggests that social relationships play an important role in managing stressful work environments.
Driving change with evidence and knowledge: Transforming knowledge services for the NHS across England
Authors: Day Alison , Goswami Louise
Published: March 2020

Health Education England (HEE) through its publication of Knowledge for Healthcare (HEE (2014) Knowledge for Healthcare: a development framework for NHS Library and Knowledge Services in England 2015–2020. https://www.hee.nhs.uk/sites/default/files/documents/Knowledge_for_healthcare_a_development_framework_2014.pdf sets out an ambitious vision to transform NHS Library and Knowledge Services at a time of great change for the health service. Five years on this article outlines the key strand of work undertaken to mobilise evidence and organisational knowledge at scale across the health service in England. Using evidence and knowledge is crucial to drive and sustain change and the role of librarians and knowledge specialists is business critical to underpin this service transformation in healthcare. Driver diagrams were used to plan the work to encourage NHS organisations to apply and use evidence, build know-how, continue to learn and drive innovation. Engagement with senior stakeholders was a critical enabler and the impact of the #AMillionDecisions advocacy campaign to highlight the multiple benefits of working with librarians and knowledge specialists is considered. The development of practical tools has supported delivery. These have included a maturity model self-assessment tool to identify opportunities to use evidence and knowledge by senior leaders and updating of the NHS Knowledge Mobilisation Framework e-learning and postcards to enable healthcare staff to use simple knowledge management techniques to share their knowledge and learning. This work was dependent upon developing the skills of existing health librarians and various approaches are described. The article concludes with a reflection on the recommendations from the Topol Review (Topol E (2019) The Topol Review. Preparing the healthcare workforce to deliver the digital future. An independent report on behalf of the Secretary of State for Health and Social Care. https://topol.hee.nhs.uk/wp-content/uploads/HEE-Topol-Review-2019.pdf (accessed 31 January 2020)) to expand the knowledge specialist workforce and outlines future developments planned for the next 5 years and beyond.
Shaping Identity: Older Adults’ Perceived Community Volunteering Experiences in Shanghai
Authors: Chen Lin , Ye Minzhi , Wu Yilin
Published: March 2020

This study explores elderly volunteers’ identity during their experiences volunteering in the community in Shanghai. Purposive and snowball sampling strategies were used to recruit elderly volunteers to participate in semi-structured, in-depth interviews ( N = 40). Participants developed new identities during volunteering. Through volunteering, they also continued to sustain their professional identities and Chinese Communist Party identities. Volunteering had both positive and negative implications for participants’ identities. Our findings suggest that volunteering strengthened participants’ role identity and social identity to better adapt to life after retirement. Volunteering also helped participants achieve identity continuity. This study offers nuanced sociocultural context to current elderly volunteering research and informs tailored policy and practice development in urban China.
Getting urban density to work in informal settlements in Africa
Authors: Visagie Justin , Turok Ivan
Published: March 2020

The drawbacks of crowded informal settlements stand in stark contrast to the theoretical promise that urban density is the key to building more productive, sustainable and resilient cities. African cities cannot be expected to prosper while the majority of residents live in sprawling informal settlements with no prospect of improvement beyond the provision of basic services. There is a strong case for governments to embrace a broader reconstruction agenda in order to harness the potential of density for all-round progress. The core proposition of the paper is that urban population growth would be accommodated more effectively by building upwards and not merely outwards. We consider the circumstances under which this is true and how the state and communities might refashion conditions in informal settlements despite their restricted resources. To expand upwards requires participatory planning, more tenure security, settlement redesign, and in-situ investments in public services and housing.
Insider and outsider support for unions across advanced industrial democracies: Paradoxes of solidarity
Authors: Oliver Rebecca J , Morelock Andrew L
Published: March 2020

Why do workers support trade unions? For insider–outsider analysts, unions display limited concern with representing interests beyond the full-time labour force. However, recent research on union revitalization and inclusionary practices stresses new initiatives towards labour market outsiders. We use multilevel regression models, employing data from the 2005 and 2015 International Social Survey Programme, in order to study how workers perceive the role of unions. We develop a four-quadrant categorization of insiders and outsiders that captures both current labour market status and vulnerability. We find that outsiders, and more specifically all categories of non-insiders, are more likely to agree with the need for strong unions than insiders. These results hold both before and after the Great Recession.
A study on the evaluation analysis of the library’s social values
Authors: Noh Younghee
Published: March 2020

The purpose of this research is to develop evaluation indicators for assessing the social value of libraries. To this end, preliminary evaluation indicators were derived from a comprehensive analysis of approximately 60 domestic and overseas papers which focus on the value of libraries. On the basis of the derived preliminary evaluation indicators, 11 experts were selected and the final evaluation indicators were developed by conducting a Delphi survey three times. The final evaluation indicators are composed of five main issues, which are divided into areas around the social value of libraries. Included in this process are: the development of local communities, the network of local communities, the improvement of local residents’ quality of life, the levels of equal opportunities for local residents, and the information services necessary for local communities, along with 12 evaluation items, and 64 evaluation indicators. Based on this, public librarians and users were surveyed to obtain a measurement of the social value of libraries. Results showed that in general, there are negligible differences between genders and varying age groups. There are, however, significant differences in perception between people who visit the library with different frequencies; those who visit more often tended to have higher opinions on the library’s availability of resources and positive role in communities.
In Vivo and In Vitro Evaluation of a Novel Hyaluronic Acid–Laminin Hydrogel as Luminal Filler and Carrier System for Genetically Engineered Schwann Cells in Critical Gap Length Tubular Peripheral Nerve Graft in Rats
Authors: Dietzmeyer Nina , Huang Zhong , Schüning Tobias , Rochkind Shimon , Almog Mara , Nevo Zvi , Lieke Thorsten , Kankowski Svenja , Haastert-Talini Kirsten
Published: March 2020

In the current study we investigated the suitability of a novel hyaluronic acid–laminin hydrogel (HAL) as luminal filler and carrier system for co-transplanted cells within a composite chitosan-based nerve graft (CNG) in a rat critical nerve defect model. The HAL was meant to improve the performance of our artificial nerve guides by giving additional structural and molecular support to regrowing axons. We filled hollow CNGs or two-chambered nerve guides with an inserted longitudinal chitosan film (CNG[F]s), with cell-free HAL or cell-free HA or additionally suspended either naïve Schwann cells (SCs) or fibroblast growth factor 2-overexpressing Schwann cells (FGF2-SCs) within the gels. We subjected female Lewis rats to immediate 15 mm sciatic nerve gap reconstruction and comprehensively compared axonal and functional regeneration parameters with the gold standard autologous nerve graft (ANG) repair. Motor recovery was surveyed by means of electrodiagnostic measurements at 60, 90, and 120 days post-reconstruction. Upon explantation after 120 days, lower limb target muscles were harvested for calculation of muscle-weight ratios. Semi-thin cross-sections of nerve segments distal to the grafts were evaluated histomorphometrically. After 120 days of recovery, only ANG treatment led to full motor recovery. Surprisingly, regeneration outcomes revealed no regeneration-supportive effect of HAL alone and even an impairment of peripheral nerve regeneration when combined with SCs and FGF2-SCs. Furthermore, complementary in vitro studies, conducted to elucidate the reason for this unexpected negative result, revealed that SCs and FGF2-SCs suspended within the hydrogel relatively downregulated gene expression of regeneration-supporting neurotrophic factors. In conclusion, cell-free HAL in its current formulation did not qualify for optimizing regeneration outcome through CNG[F]s. In addition, we demonstrate that our HAL, when used as a carrier system for co-transplanted SCs, changed their gene expression profile and deteriorated the pro-regenerative milieu within the nerve guides.
Same proof, different pudding: comparative views of New Zealand child psychiatrists, child psychologists and child psychotherapists regarding a proposed national child and adolescent research network
Authors: Thabrew Hiran , Moor Stephanie , Eggleston Matthew
Published: March 2020

Objectives:

This study was undertaken to evaluate the views of New Zealand clinicians regarding a proposed national child and adolescent mental health research network.

Methods:

Child psychiatrists, child psychologists and child psychotherapists were invited to participate in an electronic survey describing their previous experience of research, current interest in research, barriers to undertaking research and interest in a national research network.

Results:

Responses were received from child psychiatrists ( N = 33), child psychologists ( N = 58) and child psychotherapists ( N = 8), many of whom were clinicians and few of whom were researchers. Although most clinicians were interested in participating in future research, areas of interest differed between clinical groups. Clinician barriers to research included lack of time, lack of confidence and lack of research skills. Researcher barriers included lack of funding, time and administrative support. All groups were supportive of the development of a national research network.

Conclusions:

Despite some different areas of interest, there appears to be sufficient combined support from New Zealand child psychiatrists, child psychologists and child psychotherapists to pursue the establishment of a national child and adolescent mental health research network.