bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Increased Cellular Levels of MicroRNA-9 and MicroRNA-221 Correlate with Cancer Stemness and Predict Poor Outcome in Human Breast Cancer
Authors: Cheng Chun-Wen , Yu Jyh-Cherng , Hsieh Yi-Hsien , Liao Wen-Ling , Shieh Jia-Ching , Yao Chung-Chin , Lee Huei-Jane , Chen Po-Ming , Wu Pei-Ei , Shen Chen-Yang
Published: August 2018

Background /Aims: Recent studies of microRNA (miRNA) involvement in tumorigenesis have indicated the critical role of these non-coding small RNAs in malignant transformation, but the prognostic role, if any, of miRNAs in breast cancer remains undetermined. Therefore, we assessed the prognostic significance of microRNA-9 (miR-9) and miR-221 in breast cancer toward the goal of understanding the contribution(s) of these miRNAs to cancer cell stemness. Methods: The level of each of miR-9 and miR-221 in 206 paired laser capture microdissected tumor cells and non-tumor cells was determined by quantitative reverse transcription-PCR (qRT-PCR). The relationship between the miRNA signature and clinicopathological data and prognosis of breast cancer was assessed. Identification of a stem cell-enriched side population was achieved with fluorescence-activated cell sorting and a sphere-forming assay. Wound healing, Boyden chamber assays, and western blotting were used to study the contribution of each miRNA to tumor cell migration and invasion. Results: We found that induction of miR-9 and miR-221 mimics conferred side-population cells to form spheroidal tumor colonies in suspension culture that maintained the mesenchymal stem-cell potential in non-invasive MCF-7 breast cancer cells. In contrast, knockdown of both miR-9 and miR-221 in invasive MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells dramatically decreased the number of side-population colonies with stem cell-like potency, which reduced the capacity for tumor-cell renewal, invasion, and migration. Clinically, the mean proportion of miR-9- or miR-221-overexpressing cells was significantly greater in tumor cells compared with non-tumor cells (P < 0.05). Increased levels of miR-9 and miR-221 in breast tissue portended a significantly elevated risk of progression to malignancy with respect to larger tumor size, poor differentiation, late-stage evolution, lymph-node metastasis (P < 0.05), and lower overall survival (Ptrend = 0.017; eight-year follow-up). Conclusion: Our findings provide strong evidence that miR-9 and miR-221 can enhance the generation of cancer stem cells to yield an invasive phenotype and that overexpression of these miRNAs predicts a poor outcome for breast cancer patients.
Harmonization of Contract Law in Eastern and South-Eastern Asia: What Can Be Learned from the CISG and the ECL Experience?
Authors: Durovic Mateja
Published: August 2018

This paper examines the pending initiative for harmonization of contract law in Eastern and South-Eastern Asian jurisdictions from the perspectives of the European Contract Law (ECL) and the Vienna Convention on International Sale of Goods (CISG). The idea behind the paper is that experiences, both positive and negative ones, gained from these two examples of harmonization of contract law may be very beneficial for the Asian initiative. Learning about the ECL and the CISG enables a better and more complete understanding of the contract law harmonization process. In particular, the analysis of these two examples show all the different problems, challenges and issues that harmonization of contract law brings which need always to be taken into consideration and the necessary conditions which need to be fulfilled in order to achieve a high level of harmonization in reality. Finally, this paper comes up with some of the suggestions that should be taken into consideration by the relevant stakeholders while discussing on how to proceed further with the harmonization of contract law in Asia.
Law and TV Series
Authors: Andrzejewski Adam , Salwa Mateusz
Published: August 2018

The aim of the article is to analyse seriality from the point of view of philosophical aesthetics. Such an approach reveals that seriality has a normative character that is often overlooked by other disciplines. Seriality is unanimously considered to be one of the most characteristic traits of contemporary popular culture, but the field where it currently comes to the foreground is TV series. They have been studied within media theory and cultural studies for quite a long time, but they have been analysed mainly in terms of their production, distribution, and consumption across various and changing social contexts. Aiming to show how philosophy may contribute to “seriality studies”, the authors follow the agenda of philosophical aesthetics and conceive of seriality as a factor which defines the structure of TV series, their aesthetic properties, as well as their modes of reception. They claim that seriality is normative as it is possible to indicate what features a television show has to have in order to be a serial show as well as the manner in which it should be watched if it is to be experienced as a serial work.
Abcoronalis protrusus, a new paraboloponine genus and species (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Deltocephalinae: Drabescini) from Borneo
Authors: LU LIN , ZHANG YALIN
Published: August 2018

The Oriental leafhopper genus Abcoronalis gen. nov. is described and illustrated, and placed in the subtribe Paraboloponina (Cicadellidae: Deltocephalinae: Drabescini). The genus differs from other Paraboloponina in having the coronal suture vestigial and the dorsal margin of the male pygofer with a pair of long, curved processes. The type species, Abcoronalis protrusus sp. nov. is from Borneo (Malaysia). A checklist and key of the subtribe Paraboloponina from Northern Borneo is provided.
Studies in Mexican Grasshoppers: A new species of Pedies Saussure (Acrididae: Melanoplinae) with comments on the unusual blue coloration on the abdomens of females and live specimen images for three other congenerics
Authors: MARIÑO-PÉREZ RICARDO , FONTANA PAOLO , WOLLER DEREK A.
Published: August 2018

A new species of Melanoplinae (Orthoptera: Acrididae) is described from Central Mexico: Pedies andreae sp. nov. Fontana, Mariño-Pérez, & Woller and is added to the 12 existing species. Taxonomic placement of this species is justified based on distinct morphology and comparisons with congeneric species are provided. Additionally, species in this genus are associated with higher elevations (1,700 to 3,700 masl) that possess larger fluctuations in temperatures. We observed that females of P. andreae sp. nov. exhibit blue coloration on their abdomens and we discuss the possible reasons for this peculiar pigmentation. Interestingly, we did not observe this coloration in males. Finally, images are provided for three live previously described species of Pedies.
Metric-Dependent Tendency of Tropical Belt Width Changes during the Last Glacial Maximum
Authors: Wang Na , Jiang Dabang , Lang Xianmei
Published: August 2018

Motivated by studies of tropical expansion under modern global warming, the behavior of the tropical belt during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) relative to the preindustrial period has been investigated in this study, using simulations from phase 3 of the Paleoclimate Modelling Intercomparison Project (PMIP3) under the framework of phase 5 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5). The tropical belt width changes determined by multiple metrics present two opposite tendencies. One refers to the poleward migration of the tropical edge as measured by the steep tropopause gradient and the subtropical jet, and the other suggests that the LGM tropics become narrower as measured by the Hadley cell extent, the eddy-driven jet, and the latitude where precipitation minus evaporation equals zero. The magnitude of such changes widely differs across models and metrics. In absolute terms, the multimodel mean total width changes range from 0.6° to 1.7° among metrics, with contributions predominantly from the Northern Hemisphere. Furthermore, the two metrics that indicate tropical widening are located in the upper troposphere. Such widening is closely related to the vertical and meridional temperature gradient changes in the subtropical regions. The other metrics are located in the middle and lower troposphere, and their variations are directly or indirectly related to changes in the low-level baroclinicity. The diverse responses of metrics to the LGM boundary conditions suggest that the tropical belt width changes and their climatic impacts are distinguished by the different measurements. The selection of metrics should correspond to the specific tropical properties of concern.
Community Global Observing System Simulation Experiment (OSSE) Package (CGOP): Assessment and Validation of the OSSE System Using an OSSE–OSE Intercomparison of Summary Assessment Metrics
Authors: Boukabara Sid-Ahmed , Ide Kayo , Zhou Yan , Shahroudi Narges , Hoffman Ross N. , Garrett Kevin , Kumar V. Krishna , Zhu Tong , Atlas Robert
Published: August 2018

Observing system simulation experiments (OSSEs) are used to simulate and assess the impacts of new observing systems planned for the future or the impacts of adopting new techniques for exploiting data or for forecasting. This study focuses on the impacts of satellite data on global numerical weather prediction (NWP) systems. Since OSSEs are based on simulations of nature and observations, reliable results require that the OSSE system be validated. This validation involves cycles of assessment and calibration of the individual system components, as well as the complete system, with the end goal of reproducing the behavior of real-data observing system experiments (OSEs). This study investigates the accuracy of the calibration of an OSSE system—here, the Community Global OSSE Package (CGOP) system—before any explicit tuning has been performed by performing an intercomparison of the OSSE summary assessment metrics (SAMs) with those obtained from parallel real-data OSEs. The main conclusion reached in this study is that, based on the SAMs, the CGOP is able to reproduce aspects of the analysis and forecast performance of parallel OSEs despite the simplifications employed in the OSSEs. This conclusion holds even when the SAMs are stratified by various subsets (the tropics only, temperature only, etc.).
Using Rapid Cycle Improvement (Plan, Do, Study, Act) to Design a Scalable Appointment Scheduling System for Complex Oncology Clinical Trials at an Academic Cancer Center
Authors: Dang Avantika H. , Gjolaj Lauren N. , Peck Helen
Published: August 2018

Purpose:

This study’s purpose was to optimize the efficiency of and to design a scalable research scheduling team to meet the growing demands of an academic cancer center with increasing clinical trial accruals.

Methods:

The Plan, Do, Study, Act improvement methodology was deployed to increase the efficiency of research scheduling, to reduce non–value-added (NVA) activities, and to reduce cycle time to meet takt time. In the Plan phase, voice-of-the-customer interviews were conducted. In the Do phase, the baseline workflow was mapped and billing data were analyzed. In the Study phase, cycle time, takt time, and capacity analysis metrics were calculated at baseline. In the Act phase, interventions were implemented to increase efficiency by reducing NVA activities and increasing value-added activities, and metrics were reassessed after intervention.

Results:

An 8% increase in appointment requests was noted from baseline to after intervention, and the cycle time for appointment scheduling decreased by 11%, demonstrating increased efficiency. Process steps decreased from 15 to 10, eliminating NVA activities and rework and waiting, two types of waste.

Conclusion:

Although efficiency increased, the number of total appointments scheduled weekly increased by 4%, resulting in a reduced takt time, or a shorter time to schedule each appointment to meet demand. A capacity analysis demonstrated that even after interventions, an additional 0.5 full-time employee is required to reduce cycle time to equal takt time. Capacity analysis creates a scalable framework for the scheduling team and facilitates movement from reactive to proactive staffing, which can be applied throughout the research enterprise.
Patient- and Hospital-Level Factors Associated With Readmission for Malignant Pleural Effusion
Authors: Yang Theresa S. , Hsia David W. , Chang Dong W.
Published: August 2018

Purpose:

Readmission after hospitalization for malignant pleural effusion (MPE) may represent gaps in the quality of health care delivery. The goal of this study was to determine the frequency of 30-day readmission for MPE and identify clinical factors associated with rehospitalization.

Patients and Methods:

A retrospective cohort of adults hospitalized for MPE from 2009 to 2011 was analyzed using an administrative database. The primary outcome was all-cause 30-day readmission rate. Hierarchic mixed-effects logistic regression models were used to examine associations between patient- and hospital-level factors and 30-day readmission and assess variation in readmission rates across hospitals.

Results:

The 7-, 14-, 30-, 60-, and 90-day readmission rates for MPE were 16.1%, 25.9%, 38.3%, 52.5%, and 63.8%, respectively. The most common primary diagnoses for 30-day readmission were MPE (69.5%) and other clinical issues related to malignancy (21.1%). Clinical factors associated with 30-day readmission were female sex (odds ratio [OR], 0.78; 95% CI, 0.63 to 0.95), greater number of medical comorbidities (OR, 1.51; 95% CI, 1.15 to 1.99), and having a do-not-resuscitate order (OR, 1.37; 95% CI, 1.03 to 1.84). Hospitals in the 90th percentile were only 1.1 times more likely to have a 30-day readmission for MPE than those in the lowest 10th percentile (40.9% v 37%).

Conclusion:

Readmission for MPE is common and frequently results from progression of malignancy. Readmission rates were similar across all hospitals, suggesting they are unlikely to be mutable using conventional approaches to reduce rehospitalizations. Instead, interventions may need to focus on addressing care planning at the end of life.
Clinical and Radiographic Gastrointestinal Abnormalities in McCune-Albright Syndrome
Authors: Robinson Cemre , Estrada Andrea , Zaheer Atif , Singh Vikesh K , Wolfgang Christopher L , Goggins Michael G , Hruban Ralph H , Wood Laura D , Noë Michaël , Montgomery Elizabeth A , Guthrie Lori C , Lennon Anne Marie , Boyce Alison M , Collins Michael T
Published: August 2018

Context

McCune-Albright syndrome (MAS) is a rare disorder characterized by fibrous dysplasia of bone, café-au-lait macules, and hyperfunctioning endocrinopathies. It arises from somatic gain-of-function mutations in GNAS, which encodes the cAMP-regulating protein Gαs. Somatic GNAS mutations have been reported in intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms (IPMNs) and various gastrointestinal (GI) tumors. The clinical spectrum and prevalence of MAS-associated GI disease is not well established.

Objective

Define the spectrum and prevalence of MAS-associated GI pathology in a large cohort of patients with MAS.

Design

Cross-sectional study.

Setting

National Institutes of Health Clinical Center and The Johns Hopkins Hospital.

Methods

Fifty-four consecutive subjects with MAS (28 males; age range, 7 to 67 years) were screened with magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP).

Results

Thirty of 54 subjects (56%) had radiographic GI abnormalities. Twenty-five (46%) of the screened subjects had IPMNs (mean age of 35.1 years). Fourteen of the 25 had IPMNs alone, and 11 had IPMNs and abnormal hepatobiliary imaging. The 30 patients with MAS-associated GI pathology had a higher prevalence of acute pancreatitis, diabetes mellitus, and skeletal disease burden of fibrous dysplasia than patients without GI disease.

Conclusions

A broad spectrum of GI pathology is associated with MAS. IPMNs are common and occur at a younger age than in the general population. Patients with MAS should be considered for screening with a focused GI history and baseline MRCP. Further determination of the natural history and malignant potential of IPMNs in MAS is needed.
A dual genetic tracing system identifies diverse and dynamic origins of cardiac valve mesenchyme
Authors: Liu Kuo , Yu Wei , Tang Muxue , Tang Juan , Liu Xiuxiu , Liu Qiaozhen , Li Yan , He Lingjuan , Zhang Libo , Evans Sylvia M. , Tian Xueying , Lui Kathy O. , Zhou Bin
Published: August 2018

In vivo genomic engineering is instrumental for studying developmental biology and regenerative medicine. Development of novel systems with more site-specific recombinases (SSRs) that complement with the commonly used Cre-loxP would be valuable for more precise lineage tracing and genome editing. Here, we introduce a new SSR system via Nigri-nox. By generating tissue-specific Nigri knock-in and its responding nox reporter mice, we show that the Nigri-nox system works efficiently in vivo by targeting specific tissues. As a new orthogonal system to Cre-loxP, Nigri-nox provides an additional control of genetic manipulation. We also demonstrate how the two orthogonal systems Nigri-nox and Cre-loxP could be used simultaneously to map the cell fate of two distinct developmental origins of cardiac valve mesenchyme in the mouse heart, providing dynamics of cellular contribution from different origins for cardiac valve mesenchyme during development. This work provides a proof-of-principle application of the Nigri-nox system for in vivo mouse genomic engineering. Coupled with other SSR systems, Nigri-nox would be valuable for more precise delineation of origins and cell fates during development, diseases and regeneration.
РЕЧЕВОЙ ПОРТРЕТ АМЕРИКАНСКОГО УЧЕНОГО-АНТРОПОЛОГА: ФОНЕТИЧЕСКИЕ ХАРАКТЕРИСТИКИ
Authors: Muchkina Ekaterina Sergeevna , Bitner Marina Aleksandrovna , Nemchinova Natalya Viktorovna , Tsykina Anastasiya Olegovna
Published: August 2018

Цель. Данная статья посвящена описанию фонетических особенностей речи американских ученых-антропологов и выполнена в рамках актуального направления лингвистических исследований – лингвоперсонологии. Предметом исследования выступают фонетические особенности речи ученых, в частности доминантные интонационные черты устной речи.Материалы и методы исследования. Материалом исследования послужили расшифровки видео- и аудиозаписей публичных выступлений и интервью ученых-антропологов. Для обработки звучащей речи была использована программа WaveSurfer, а для создания транскрипций устной речи была применена система «ТРУД» М.Л. Макарова.Результаты. В ходе исследования были выделены фонетические характеристики, являющиеся доминантными для антропологов: равномерность в расстановке логических пауз, использование вопросительных интонационных конструкций в речи, склонность к имитации фонетических характеристик, реакция на экстралингвистические факторы. В статье приводится утверждение о том, что фонетические явления, выявленные в ходе анализа речи ученых, в значительной мере обусловлены спецификой профессиональной деятельности антропологов.Область применения результатов. Практическая значимость исследования состоит в возможности использовать приведенные в нем материалы и методы для изучения особенностей речи иных профессиональных подгрупп.
СЕМАНТИКА И ГРАНИЦЫ КАТЕГОРИАЛЬНОГО ПОЛЯ БЕЗЛИЧНОСТИ В СОВРЕМЕННОМ АНГЛИЙСКОМ ЯЗЫКЕ
Authors: Berezina Olga Aleksandrovna
Published: August 2018

Признаки категории «безличность», в том числе объединяющие разнородные синтаксические структуры в единое поле, представляются недостаточно полно описывающими сущность данной категории в семантическом плане. Данный факт ведет к неопределенности границ самой категории, к неоднозначности критериев включения определенных сентенциональных структур в рассматриваемое поле.Цель данной статьи состоит в том, чтобы определить инвариантную семантику категориального поля «безличность», на ее основе предложить иное толкование основного общего содержательного компонента данного поля, выявить признаки и аспекты проявления данного семантического признака на материале негомогенного класса сентенциональных структур, а также установить границы категории «безличность» на материале английского языка.Методология проведения работы основывается на положениях теории биологии познания, развиваемых в лингвистическом аспекте, концепций теории системы «организм-среда», разрабатываемой в русле психологии восприятия, а также положений когнитивных направлений в исследовании лингвистического материала.Результаты. В результате выявлен семантический инвариант категории «безличность», которым является признак СОБЫТИЙНОСТЬ, актуализирующийся в различных аспектах в ряде сентенциональных структур. Именно данный признак постулируется как фундаментальное свойство, на основе которого говорящий конструирует сентенциональную структуру определенным образом. На основе проведенного исследования предлагается иное толкование термина «безличность», который может рассматриваться как «событийность».Область применения результатов определяется общей исследовательской парадигмой и связана со сферой междисциплинарных исследований в области когнитивной лингвистики, биокогнитивной лингвистики, и общей теоретической грамматики.
СЕМАНТИЧЕСКИЕ ТИПЫ УСЛОВНЫХ И ОТНОСИТЕЛЬНО-РАСПРОСТРАНИТЕЛЬНЫХ КОНСТРУКЦИЙ В МЕДИКО-БИОЛОГИЧЕСКОЙ ЛИТЕРАТУРЕ
Authors: Vitlinskaya Ludmila Grigorevna , Makarova Nina Fiodorovna , Mikhailova Natalja Dmitrievna
Published: August 2018

Цель. В статье представлен авторский взгляд на функционирование условных и относительно-распространительных конструкций в медико-биологической литературе. Цель работы – выявить и описать смысловые особенности синтаксических единиц с точки зрения прагматики научного (медицинского) текста.Методологической основой исследования послужили принципы научно-исследовательского подхода к тексту, согласно которым научный текст рассматривается как источник разноуровневой информации с позиции содержания и формы. В связи с этими направлениями в работе использованы следующие методы: целенаправленная выборка, научное описание, статистический анализ – что позволило получить достоверную информацию о семантической значимости условных и относительно-распространительных конструкций в медико-биологической литературе.Результаты работы: синтаксис научного (медицинского) текста отличается широкой употребительностью условных сложноподчиненных предложений, функциональное назначение которых связано с представлением медицинских знаний в виде законов и закономерностей, чаще основанных на вероятностном представлении явлений и их связей в объективной действительности. Анализ функционирования относительно-распространительных конструкций в медицинском тексте выявил особую активность данных синтаксических моделей в аспекте выражения результата активных динамических процессов. В свою очередь, относительно-распространительный тип сложных предложений с субъективно-модальным значением малопродуктивен в исследуемых текстах и чаще всего используется для выражения общеклинической оценки.Область применения результатов. Результаты исследования могут быть использованы при изучении синтаксиса научного (медицинского) текста; в педагогической практике, обучении иностранных студентов-медиков языку специальности.
Algumas considerações sobre o trabalho e sua precarização no contexto capitalista | Some considerations on labor and its precariousness in the capitalist context
Authors: Macêdo Dayana Valério Coimbra de
Published: August 2018

Este artigo realizará breve exposição sobre o processo de trabalho na sociedade capitalista segundo os estudos de Karl Marx, para ajudar na reflexão sobre as ameaças às condições trabalhistas na atualidade. Inicialmente, será realizada análise sobre o funcionamento do processo de trabalho anterior à sociedade capitalista, seguida da análise desse funcionamento no contexto capitalista. Na sequência, será trabalhada a “lei geral da acumulação capitalista” e, por fim, será estudada a precarização do trabalho no cenário atual. Palavras-Chave: Karl Marx; capitalismo; classe trabalhadora; precarização do trabalho. Abstract — This article will give a brief exposition on the labor process in capitalist society according to the studies of Karl Marx, to help reflect on threats to labor conditions today. Initially an analysis will be carried out on the functioning of the labor process prior to capitalist society, followed by its analysis in the capitalist context. Next, the “general law of capitalist accumulation” will be worked out, and finally precarious work in the present scenario will be analyzed.Keywords: Karl Marx; capitalism; working class; precarious work.
Kualitas Hidup Penderita Talasemia berdasarkan Instrumen Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory 4.0 Generic Core Scales di Ruang Rawat Anak Rumah Sakit Umum Cut Meutia Aceh Utara
Authors: Nikmah Muhsinun , Mauliza Mauliza
Published: August 2018

Latar belakang. Talasemia merupakan kelainan genetik yang diderita seumur hidup dan akan menimbulkan banyak masalah akibat proses penyakit itu sendiri maupun karena pengobatannya. Hal ini akan memengaruhi kualitas hidup anak.Tujuan. Mengetahui kualitas hidup penderita talasemia berdasarkan instrumen Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory (PedsQL) 4.0 Generic Core Scales di Ruang Rawat Anak Rumah Sakit Umum Cut Meutia Aceh Utara.Metode. Penelitian deskriptif dengan desain penelitian cross sectional dengan besar sampel sebanyak 41 orang anak.Hasil. Hasil analisis univariat didapatkan rerata kualitas hidup subjek penelitian adalah 60,48. Kualitas hidup paling tinggi terdapat pada kelompok usia 13-18 tahun (68,42), jenis kelamin laki-laki (62,86), pendidikan SMA/Sederajat (81,52), kadar Hb pre-transfusi <9 g/dL (60,51), mendapat transfusi 3 bulan terakhir (61,60), lama sakit >5 tahun (65,74), dan pendapatan orangtua per bulan > Rp.3.5.000.000 (68,59).Kesimpulan. Rerata kualitas hidup penderita talasemia di Rumah Sakit Umum Cut Meutia Aceh Utara adalah buruk, khususnya pada fungsi sekolah.
Islamologi Terapan dan Problema Aplikasinya: (Mengkaji Pemikiran Mohammed Arkoun)
Authors: Baedhowi Baedhowi
Published: August 2018

This article is trying to elaborate Arkoun's thought on the applied Islamology, which is an effort to evaluated, develop and activates some deficiencies of Western traditional islamology. In Arkoun's point of view, the studies of classical islamology are so rigid and inflexible. They tend to restrict their studies on certain and selected works of Islam, so their works are not empirical, unfruitful, could not answer the Muslims need in the contemporary world. Therefore, the applied islamology should leave the shackle of classical episteme of medieval era that is colored by romanticism in the past and develop to toward the modern episteme with the religious anthropological tool. The problem is how to link the methodological and Epistemological gap between Islamic thought that has been cut from its old tradition and the progressive modern thought. To link this gap, according to Arkoun, the bath should be dealt with by applied islamology, i.e., al-turāth (tradition or cultural heritage) and modernity.
Cultural and Intellectual Exchange Between the Ottoman Egypt and the Rest of the Arab Muslim World in the Eighteenth - Early Nineteenth Century
Authors: Kirillina Svetlana
Published: August 2018

Tulisan ini membabas tentang pertukaran kultur dan intelektual yang terjadi di Mesir Usmani dan beberaba bagian dunia Muslim Arab pada abad ke-l8 M -awal abad ke-19 M, yang digambarkan oleh sebagian peneliti sebagai 'Abad Kegelapan" di mana terjadi "stagnasi", "degradasi"dan "anabiosis" dalam kehidupan sosial di Timur Tengah dan Mesir khususnya. Menarut penulisnya, penggambaran yang menyedihkan dan tanpa harapan tentang masyarakat Mesir itu dapat dianggap sebagai sesuatu yang berlebihan atau suatu pendekatan yang terlalu menyederhanakan  persoalan tentang sejarah bangsa Mesir. Padahal selama periode tersebut, telab terjadi hubangan yang intensif di antara Mesir Usmani dan dunia Muslim lainnya. Berlandaskan pada sumber data historis yang berupa kronik-kronik bangsa Mesir Usmani, didukung oleh ringkasan-ringkasan hagiografis dan bibliografs, dapat dibuktikan bahwa telah terjadi pertukaran kultural dan intelektual yang intensif di pusat-pusat pendidikan terkenal di Istanbul, Damaskus, Jerusalem, Tunisia, Algeria, Maroko, Mekkah, Madinah dan Mesir.
The influence of performance expectations and personality on audience ratings of humor
Authors: Fried Kristopher , Carson Shelley
Published: August 2018

Are our ratings of comics and the humor of their material affected by our perceived expectations? We tested the responses of fifty participants, recruited from comedy club audiences in the United States, who completed a standard personality test and then watched and rated video clips of stand-up comedy performances. The comedians in each clip were unknown to the viewers, and were either introduced with enhanced/exaggerated credentials (such as having experience writing for The Tonight Show or appearing on the Modern Family television series), or were given a more generic introduction, hinting that they have not yet achieved notable success. Participants rated their enjoyment of each comedian at three points during each eight-minute video clip, and rated their favorite joke and favorite comedian overall. Results indicated that expectations (based on exaggerated/enhanced credentials) affected humor ratings early in the performance but dissipated as the performance continued, suggesting that expectations only briefly affect one’s judgment of humor. Personality results indicated that the traits Extraversion and Agreeableness were significantly and positively correlated with overall performance ratings but only Extraversion affected whether viewers’ ratings were influenced by enhanced/exaggerated introductions. Agreeableness, gender, and age were more salient predictors of viewers’ humor ratings of comedians than were viewer expectations based on enhanced/exaggerated credentials.
A Fast-Multi-Channel Sub-Millikelvin Precision Resistance Thermometer Readout Based on the Round-Robin Structure
Authors: Ding Jiong , Yang Suijun , Ye Shuliang
Published: August 2018

The fast response multipoint high-precision temperature measurement is often necessary in many dynamical measurement fields and industrial applications. However, limited by the existing electric circuit architecture, either the AC or DC bridges have the shortcoming that the rates or precisions degenerate markedly in the multi-channel scanning mode. To overcome this disadvantage, a round-robin structural low-cost ratiometric resistance thermometer readout based on several commercial 32-bit sigma-delta analogue-to-digital converters (Σ-Δ ADCs) was presented in this article. The experimental results show that the precision of this readout corresponds to 0.1 mK at 1 Hz when sampling four channel resistors simultaneously, while the precision and rate are not degenerating with the channel number increasing. In addition, the uncertainty of the readout is investigated in this article. It shows that the presented readout can achieve an uncertainty as low as 2.1 mK at 1 Hz (K = 2).
The crystal structure of 4-((3,4-dichlorobenzylidene)amino)-1,5-dimethyl-2-phenyl-1,2-dihydro-3H-pyrazol-3-one, C18H15Cl2N3O
Authors: Atalay Sehriman
Published: August 2018

C18H15Cl2N3O, monoclinic, P21/c (no. 14), a = 9.370(2) Å, b = 28.367(9) Å, c = 6.7161(16) Å, β = 103.10(2)°, V = 1738.6(8) Å3, Z = 4, R
gt(F) = 0.0416, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.0821, T = 293(2) K.
Notes to the role of the so-called imitative coins at the beginning of the Bohemian (and Moravian) coinage of the 10th century
Authors: Videman Jan
Published: August 2018

The article is focused on problems with the so-called imitative coins, i.e. deniers copying the Bavarian and Bohemian prototypes which are documented in hoards together with official issues. In the case of the earliest phase of production of the first Bohemian coins – dating to the third quarter of the 10th century – also the so-called imitative pieces with corruptive marginal legends are registered in the contemporary hoards together with the official coins bearing the name of the duke and the mint. The author brings an actualized list of these coins produced in that period and found locally. The pieces made of worse-quality metal – mostly with plated copper core – dominate among the newly documented specimens predominantly coming from important hillforts or trade centers. Based on the map of the finds and on the variability of their fabric, at least a significant part of these coins were evidently mostly produced outside of the center of the Duchy of Bohemia (Prague). Local origin can be considered also in the case of the Moravian pieces.
Historicizing Elinor Ostrom: Urban Politics, International Development and Expertise in the U.S. Context (1970-1990)
Authors: Locher Fabien
Published: August 2018

The goal of this article is to write a social and political history of the now preeminent approach to the ‘commons’ institutions, by focusing on Elinor Ostrom’s contributions to its development. My methodology is that of Science and Technology Studies (STS). I focus here on the materiality of E. Ostrom and her team’s research practices (fieldwork, data collecting, indexing and analysis), on their intellectual and institutional strategies, their networking practices, how their research was funded, and their interactions with administrative and academic institutions and actors (USAID, NSF, National Academy of Sciences). I analyze the history of the Workshop in Political Theory and Policy Analysis, the research center that E. Ostrom and her husband Vincent founded and animated for some 40 years at Indiana University, Bloomington. By doing so, I hope to be able to analyze the close ties between the form and content of the Ostromian theories on the commons and the main lines of tension in the U.S. society of the 1970s and 80s that saw their emergence: urban crisis and “neighborhood revolution”, increasing distrust of modernization and centralization ideals, mutations in U.S. development policies and doctrines, rise of neoliberalism.
Re-romanticizing Commons and Community in Israeli Discourse: Social, Economic, and Political Motives
Authors: Lehavi Amnon
Published: August 2018

Public discourse in Israel is taking a somewhat surprising turn in its vacillation between individualism and collectivism. While mainstream public opinion in the 1980s and 1990s pointed to the failures of common- and public-property regimes, elected officials, entrepreneurs, and consumers are nowadays singing the praises of commons and communities. The re-romanticizing of commons and community is driven by a number of explicit and implicit motives, which also underscore, however, the limits of a full-fledged return to common-property regimes. This article highlights three instances of the reemergence of the commons- and community-discourse across the Israeli landscape.

First, while the old-style “cooperative kibbutz” suffered a substantial decline in past decades, the evolution of a new type of midlevel communitarianism in the “renewing kibbutz” has led to a growing demand to join the ranks of such kibbutzim.

Second is the development of urban shared office-space compounds such as WeWork, and the next phase of urban commons: co-living buildings.

Third, the emergence of “community villages” on state-owned lands, located mostly in Israel’s peripheral areas, has been praised by governmental agencies and residents alike as restoring a key role for community for middle-class families. But this advocacy may also be driven by exclusionary social and political motives, as applicants may be turned down based on open-ended criteria, such as “incompatibility with social life in the community” or incongruity with its “social-cultural texture.”

These case studies serve as a basis for offering new theoretical tools for thinking about the commons, fifty years after The Tragedy of the Commons presented their apparent failures. A fresh theory of commons and community could highlight how the revived discourse attests to the need to design a new set of balances between the perils of commons and anticommons, between values of anonymity and familiarity, and between governance by hierarchy and egalitarian rules.
Die Zeit der Kirche als die Zeit göttlicher Langmut. Der Taumellolch im Weizenfeld und seine Deutung (Mt 13,24–30.36–43)
Authors: Müller Mogens
Published: August 2018

Who are the servants in the parable offering to cleanse the wheat of the weed during the growth process? When at all discussed in the commentaries, they are often taken to be people wanting to exercise church discipline. This would be in sheer contradiction to the disciplinary rules set forth in Matthew 18.15–20. Therefore, this article argues that we instead shall understand them as angels of the son of man longing to eliminate unworthy community members. Against this background the message of the parable together with its interpretation is that when nothing the like happens it is because of God’s forbearance, shown to extend the possibility to repent.
THE COMMITTEE OF EXPERTS OF THE RUSSIAN SOCIETY OF CARDIOLOGY (RSC). SECTION OF CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES IN PREGNANT WOMEN. NATIONAL GUIDELINES FOR DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT OF CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES DURING PREGNANCY 2018. NEW REVISION: JULY, 2018 (TEXT IS AVAILABLE IN ELECTRONIC VERSION)
Authors: Editorial Article
Published: August 2018

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Heuristic methods applied in reference evapotranspiration modeling
Authors: Althoff Daniel , Bazame Helizani Couto , Filgueiras Roberto , Dias Santos Henrique Brant
Published: August 2018

ABSTRACT The importance of the precise estimation of evapotranspiration is directly related to sustainable water usage. Since agriculture represents 70% of Brazil’s water consumption, adequate and efficient application of water may reduce the conflicts over the use of water among the multiple users. Considering the importance of accurate estimation of evapotranspiration, the objective of the present study was to model and compare the reference evapotranspiration from different heuristic methodologies. The standard Penman-Monteith method was used as reference for evapotranspiration, however, to evaluate the heuristic methodologies with scarce data, two widely known methods had their performances assessed in relation to Penman-Monteith. The methods used to estimate evapotranspiration from scarce data were Priestley-Taylor and Thornthwaite. The computational techniques Stepwise Regression (SWR), Random Forest (RF), Cubist (CB), Bayesian Regularized Neural Network (BRNN) and Support Vector Machines (SVM) were used to estimate evapotranspiration with scarce and full meteorological data. The results show the robustness of the heuristic methods in the prediction of the evapotranspiration. The performance criteria of machine learning methods for full weather data varied from 0.14 to 0.22 mm d-1 for mean absolute error (MAE), from 0.21 to 0.29 mm d-1 for root mean squared error (RMSE) and from 0.95 to 0.99 coefficient of determination (r²). The computational techniques proved superior performance to established methods in literature, even in scenarios of scarce variables. The BRNN presented the best performance overall.
Image analysis to qualify soil erodibility into a wind tunnel
Authors: Asensio Carlos , Rodríguez-Caballero Emilio , García-Navarro Francisco Jesús , Torres José Antonio
Published: August 2018

ABSTRACT A wind erosion research was carried out in a wind tunnel where sediment samples acquired were studied by an artificial vision camera. These images could be enlarged for further analysis. Image analyses were mainly colorimetry, number of particles present and their size. Soil wind erodibility was analyzed with the image analyses supported by other laboratory results. Anthrosols were the most erodible soils, whereas Calcisols showed the highest resistance to the erosive action of wind. Sediment characteristics show the influence of trap height with decreasing particle size, number and darkness as transport height increases. A two-factor ANOVA for main effect height showed that there were significant differences in particle number and size for sediments trapped 0-15 cm and 40-70 cm high. Soils could be grouped by differences in particle number and size at different heights into highly erodible Anthrosols and Leptosols, non-erodible Calcisols and Arenosols, in which fine particles were already depleted by natural wind erosion. Aggregation showed a similar pattern with decreasing values from Calcisols and Leptosols to Anthrosols and finally Arenosols, where only single sand grains were observed in adhesive traps.
Metodologia integrada de acompanhamento de políticas públicas e situação de saúde: o SISAP-Idoso
Authors: Romero Dalia Elena , Castanheira Débora , Marques Aline Pinto , Muzy Jessica , Sabbadini Leticia , Silva Raulino Sabino da
Published: August 2018

Resumo O artigo trata da estratégia de construção do Sistema de Indicadores de Saúde e Acompanhamento de Políticas do Idoso (SISAP-Idoso). O Sistema pretende articular a produção de informações em saúde com a decisão político-institucional, de modo a servir como instrumento de gestão em saúde do idoso. Seu foco é suprir a necessidade de informações para o planejamento e o controle de políticas e programas dos gestores municipais do Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS). Apresentam-se as metodologias de criação da Matriz Conceitual por Dimensões de Saúde e da Matriz Conceitual para Acompanhamento de Políticas e Programas. A primeira sistematiza um painel de indicadores para o diagnóstico da situação de saúde da população idosa, procedimento sem o qual não é possível planejar adequadamente ações em saúde. A segunda seleciona indicadores para monitorar a implementação e avaliar os resultados de políticas e programas de saúde do idoso. O Sistema se mostra uma importante ferramenta de suporte da formulação e acompanhamento de programas de saúde, principalmente no nível municipal. Além disso, é uma poderosa ferramenta de controle social e de empoderamento da população. A incorporação plena do SISAP-Idoso depende da consolidação do uso de informação e de indicadores no processo de políticas públicas.
Adherencia a controles prenatales en el norte argentino desde la perspectiva de la interfaz social
Authors: González-Cowes Valeria Laura , Landini Fernando Pablo
Published: August 2018

Resumen La adherencia a controles prenatales constituye una herramienta fundamental para disminuir la mortalidad materna. Usualmente se piensa la adherencia a partir de las características de las mujeres asistidas o de las particularidades del sistema de salud y sus agentes. Aquí se la aborda como emergente del modo en que se articulan las racionalidades y mundos de vida de profesionales y mujeres asistidas. Se realizó un estudio de casos múltiple buscando a comprender la adherencia a controles prenatales de mujeres rurales. Se realizaron 47 entrevistas en el norte argentino a mujeres embarazadas o que habían sido madres en los últimos años y a agentes del sistema de salud. El contenido de las entrevistas fue codificado con el apoyo del software Atlas Ti. El estudio permitió identificar dos tipos de interacción médico-paciente. El primero se caracteriza por una representación de las pacientes como ignorantes y desinteresadas, lo que lleva al agente a insistir con sus recomendaciones sin atender a las dificultades vividas por las mujeres. El segundo parte de concebir a las mujeres como cumplidoras y responsables, lo que permite un mayor diálogo, aún sin que se observe un interés claro por conocer el contexto de vida de las mujeres atendidas.
Impacto de um programa de intervenção nutricionalcom idosos portadores de doença renal crônica
Authors: Magalhães Fernanda Guilhermino , Goulart Rita Maria Monteiro , Prearo Leandro Campi
Published: August 2018

Resumo A doença renal crônica (DRC) é complexa, exigindo múltiplas abordagens em seu tratamento. O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar o impacto de um programa de intervenção nutricional sobre o estado nutricional e a qualidade de vida de idosos com DRC não dialítica. Foi realizada uma coorte prospectiva com 64 idosos, de ambos os sexos, com DRC estágio 3, atendidos em Unidade Básica de Saúde, em Diadema/SP. A intervenção nutricional consistiu em três encontros coletivos e um individual. O estado nutricional foi avaliado por antropometria, classificado pelo Índice de Massa Corporal (IMC) e o risco cardiovascular pela circunferência da cintura (CC). A qualidade de vida foi avaliada pelo WHOQOL-bref. Para as análises estatísticas, adotou-se nível de significância de 5%. A amostra apresentou idade média de 73,95 ± 7,84 anos, sendo a maioria do sexo feminino. Quanto ao estado nutricional, 21,9% apresentou baixo peso, 32,8% excesso de peso e 62,6% risco cardiovascular elevado ou muito elevado. O programa de intervenção proporcionou impacto positivo no estado nutricional, com redução do IMC e da CC, diminuindo o risco de desenvolvimento de doenças cardiovasculares e promoveu aumento da satisfação dos idosos em relação ao estado de saúde repercutindo na melhora da qualidade de vida.
Inflammation and kidney injury attenuated by prior intake of Brazil nuts in the process of ischemia and reperfusion
Authors: Cury Maria Fernanda Ribeiro , Olivares Estéfany Queiroz , Garcias Renata Correia , Toledo Giovana Queda , Anselmo Natassia Alberici , Paskakulis Leticia Colombo , Botelho Fernanda Fortuci Resende , Carvalho Natiele Zanardo , Silva Analice Andreoli da , Agren Camila , Carlos Carla Patrícia
Published: August 2018

ABSTRACT Introduction: Ischemia and reperfusion (IR) is a process inherent to the procedures involved in the transplantation of organs that causes inflammation, cell death and cell injury, and may lead to rejection of the graft. It is possible that the anti-inflammatory properties of the Brazil nuts (BN) can mitigate the renal injury caused by IR. Objective: To investigate whether the previous intake of BN reduces the expression of markers of inflammation, injury, and cell death after renal IR. Methods: Male Wistar rats were distributed into six groups (N = 6/group): SHAM (control), SHAM treated with 75 or 150 mg of BN, IR, and IR treated with 75 or 150 mg of BN. The IR procedure consisted of right nephrectomy and occlusion of the left renal artery with a non-traumatic vascular clamp for 30 min. BN was given daily from day 1 to 7 before surgery (SHAM or IR), and maintained until sacrifice (48 h after surgery). Inflammation was evaluated by renal expression of COX-2 and TGF-β, injury by the expression of vimentin, and cell death by apoptosis through caspase-3 expression (immunohistochemistry). Results: Pretreatment with 75 mg of BN reduced renal expression of the COX-2, TGF-β, vimentin, and caspase-3. The dose of 150 mg caused increased expression of COX-2. Conclusion: In experimental IR, the damage can be minimized with a prior low-dose intake of BN, improving inflammation, injury, and cell death.
Ideación suicida y estrategias de afrontamiento frente al embarazo precoz en un hospital de Lima Metropolitana
Authors: Hilaquita Cruz Gerson , Palacios Ponce de León Yomira , Herrera Blancas Rocío Evelin
Published: August 2018

Objetivo: Determinar la relación entre ideación suicida y estrategias de afrontamiento frente al impacto del embarazo en adolescentes de un hospital nacional de Lima Metropolitana. Material y Métodos: Se utilizó un diseño no experimental, de corte transversal y alcance correlacional. Se llevó a cabo en un grupo de 140 adolescentes gestantes entre 13 y 18 años. Los instrumentos usados fueron la Escala de Ideación Suicida (SSI) de Beck, adaptada en el Perú por Eugenio y Zelada (2011) y la Escala de Afrontamiento para Adolescentes (ACS) de Frydenberg y Lewis (2000). Resultados: Los resultados obtenidos demuestran que existe una relación negativa altamente significativa entre ideación suicida y quince de las estrategias de afrontamiento (rho=-0.562**p<0.05). Conclusiones: Por lo tanto, se concluye que a mayor uso de las estrategias de afrontamiento, menor riesgo de ideación suicida y viceversa.