bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Issues of shared-equity construction development in the Russian Federation
Authors: Uskov Vladislav , Shariapova Emma
Published: December 2019

The leading role of the construction sector is considered toppriority for the development of other sectors of economic activity and consolidation of social stability. The development and competitiveness of the country’s economy largely depends on the efficiency of the construction complex functioning. Besides the legislative amendments aimed at protection from real estate scams, it was proposed to create a new system of shared-equity construction. For instance, in 2017, the list of instructions from the President of the Russian Federation was published that summarized the results of the meeting with members of the government. The Government of the Russian Federation, together with the Central Bank of Russia and the Agency of Housing Mortgage Loans, were assigned to develop within three years a legal framework of the staged replacement of citizens’ funds attracted for erection of apartment buildings and other real estate with bank lending or other forms of financing. Changes in the legislation of the Russian Federation inevitably lead to new risks emerging in the shared-equity construction. The article presents the analysis of the development of legal relations in shared-equity construction, shows possible ways of development, shortcomings and risks of the construction sector, ways to resolve possible conflicts.
Measurement of proton-distribution radii of neutron-rich nitrogen isotopes
Authors: Bagchi Soumya , Kanungo Rituparna , Horiuchi Wataru , Hagen Gaute , Morris Titus D. , Stroberg Steven Ragnar , Suzuki Toshio , Ameil Frederic , Atkinson Joel , Ayyad Yassid , Cortina-Gil Dolores , Dillmann Iris , Estradé Alfredo , Evdokimov Alexey , Farinon Fabio , Geissel Hans , Guastalla Giulia , Janik Rudolf , Kaur Satbir , Knöbel Ronja , Kurcewicz Jan , Litvinov Yury , Marta Michele , Mostazo Magdalena , Mukha Ivan , Nociforo Chiara , Ong Hooi Jin , Pietri Stephane , Prochazka Andrej , Scheidenberger Christoph , Sitar Branislav , Strmen Peter , Takechi Maya , Tanaka Junki , Tanaka Yoshiki , Tanihata Isao , Terashima Satoru , Vargas Jossitt , Weick Helmut , Winfield John Stuart
Published: December 2019

Measurement of root-mean-square radii of proton distributions of 17–22N from charge-changing cross section shows the emergence of thick neutron skin towards the neutron-drip line. Signature of N = 14 shell gap has been found in nitrogen isotopes along with the emergence of neutron halo in 22N. The measured radii are in good agreement with the shell model calculations.
Phase transition dynamics in hot nuclei and N/Z influence
Authors: Borderie Bernard , Le Neindre Nicolas , Désesquelles Pierre
Published: December 2019

An abnormal production of events with almost equal-sized fragments was theoretically proposed as a signature of spinodal instabilities responsible for nuclear multifragmentation in the Fermi energy domain. On the other hand finite size effects are predicted to strongly reduce this extra production. High statistics quasifusion hot nuclei produced in central collisions between Xe and Sn isotopes at 32 and 45 MeV per nucleon incident energies have been used to definitively establish, through the experimental measurement of charge correlations, the presence of spinodal instabilities. N/Z influence was also studied. The nature of the phase transition dynamics i.e. the fragment formation was the last missing piece of the puzzle concerning the liquidgas transition in nuclei.
Three-body description of 12C: From the hyperspherical formulation to the algebraic cluster model and its application to α + 12C inelasticscattering
Authors: Casal J. , Fortunato L. , Vitturi A. , Lanza E.G.
Published: December 2019

Form factors for α+12C inelastic scattering are obtained within two theoretical (α+α+α) approaches:The hyperspherical framework for three identical bosons, and the algebraic cluster model assuming the D3h symmetry of an equilateral triangle subject to rotations and vibrations. Results show a good agreement, with form factors involving the Hoyle state having a slightly larger extension within the hyperspherical approach. Coupled-channel calculations using these form factors are ongoing.
Recent results on heavy-ion induced reactions of interest for neutrinoless double beta decay at INFN-LNS
Authors: Cavallaro Manuela , Acosta Luis , Agodi Clementina , Altana Carmen , Amador-Valenzuela Paulina , Auerbach Naftali , Barea Jose , Bellone Jessica I. , Bijker Roelof , Bonanno Danilo , Borello-Lewin Thereza , Boztosun Ismail , Branchina Vincenzo , Brasolin Sandro , Brischetto Giuseppe A. , Brunasso Oscar , Burrello Stefano , Calabrese Salvatore , Calabretta Luciano , Calvo Daniela , Capirossi Vittoria , Cappuzzello Francesco , Carbone Diana , Charon Garcia Luis E. , Chávez Lomeli Efrain R. , Chen Ruofu , Ciraldo Irene , Colonna Maria , D'Agostino Grazia , Delaunay Franck , Deshmukh Nikit , Djapo Haris , De Geronimo Gianluigi , De Los Rìos K. , Ferraresi Carlo , Ferreira Jonas L. , Ferretti Jacopo , Finocchiaro Paolo , Firat Suna , Fisichella Maria , Foti Antonino , Gallo Giuseppe , Garcia-Tecocoatzi Hugo , Hacisalihoglu Aylin , Huerta-Hernandez Arcadio , Kotila Jenni , Kucuk Yasemin , Iazzi Felice , Lanzalone Gaetano , Antonio Lay José , La Fauci Laura , La Via Francesco , Lenske Horst , Linares Roberto , Lo Prest Domenico , Lubian Jesus , Ma Junbing , Marin-Lámbarri Daniel , Mas Ruiz J. , Medina Nilberto H. , Mendes Djalma R. , Mereu Paolo , Moralles Mauricio , Neri Lorenzo , Oliveira José R. B. , Pakou Athena , Pandola Luciano , Petrascu Horia , Pietralla Norbert , Pinna Federico , Reito Santo , Ries Philipp C. , Rodrigues Marcia R. D. , Russo Antonio D. , Russo Giuseppe , Santopinto Elena , Santos Roberto B. B. , Serbina Leonardo , Sgouros Onoufrios , da Silveira Marcilei A. G. , Solakci Selçuk O. , Souliotis George , Soukeras Vasileios , Spatafora Alessandro , Torresi Domenico , Ameil Frederic , Tudisco Salvatore , Vargas Hernandez Hesiquio , Vsevolodovna Ruslan I. M. , Wang Jan Song , Werner Volker , Yang Yan Yun , Yildirin Aydin , Zagatto Vinicius A. B.
Published: December 2019

The possibility to use a special class of heavy-ion induced direct reactions, such as double charge exchange reactions, is discussed in view of their application to extract information that may be helpful to determinate the nuclear matrix elements entering in the expression of neutrinoless double beta decay half-life. The methodology of the experimental campaign presently running at INFN - Laboratori Nazionali del Sud is reported andthe experimental challenges characterizing such activity are described.
Comparative study of four reactions at onset of pre-equilibrium emission
Authors: Cicerchia Magda , Gramegna Fabiana , Fabris Daniela , Marchi Tommaso , Cinausero Marco , Mantovani Giorgia , Degerlier Meltem , Barlini Sandro , Bini Maurizio , Bruno Mauro , Caciolli Antonio , Camaiani Alberto , Casini Giovanni , Cieplicka-Orynczak Natalia , Collazuol Gianmaria , D’Agostino Michela , Dell’Aquila Daniele , Fornal Bogdan , Frosin Catalin , Gelli Nicla , Gruyer Diego , Kravchuk Vladimir , Leoni Silvia , Lombardo Ivano , Mengoni Daniele , Morelli Luca , Olmi Alessandro , Ottanelli Pietro , Pasquali Gabriele , Piantelli Silvia , Poggi Giacomo , Valdré Simone
Published: December 2019

The study of the emitted particles, comparing pre-equilibrium and thermal components, is a useful tool to examine the nuclear structure of emitters. Possible clustering effects, which may change the expected decay chain probability, could be highlighted on the competition between different reaction mechanisms. The NUCL-EX collaboration (INFN, Italy) has carried out an extensive research campaign on pre-equilibrium emission of light charged particles from hot nuclei. In this framework, the reactions 16O+30Si, 18O+28Si, 19F+27Al at 7 AMeV and 16O+30Si at 8 AMeV have been carried out using the GARFIELD+RCo array at Legnaro National Laboratories. Some anomalies in the α-particle emission channels have been evidenced in the measurement reported above, showing in an exclusive way the observed effects related to the entrance channels. The experimental results are compared to model prediction, for which the same filtering and complete event selection have been applied.
Chiral three-body force and monopole properties of shell-model Hamiltonian
Authors: Fukui Tokuro , Coraggio Luigi , De Angelis Luca , Gargano Angela , Itaco Nunzio , Ma Yuanzhuo , Xu Furong
Published: December 2019

So far, the nature of three-nucleon forces (3NFs) derived by the chiral effective field theory has been intensively investigated by various theoretical approaches. In this work, to address the chiral 3NF within the shell-model framework, three-body matrix elements are formulated in terms of the harmonic oscillator basis functions, by adopting the nonlocal regulator. We perform a benchmark test for p-shell nuclei inorder to confirm our framework. Then we show that the contribution of the 3NF to the monopole component of the effective shell model Hamiltonian plays an essential role to account for the shell evolution of f p-shell nuclei.
Particle-Hole Cluster Shell Model States in 8Be, a Challenge for Ab-Intio Nuclear Theories
Authors: Gai Moshe
Published: December 2019

We propose the first application of the Cluster Shell Model (CSM) of Della Rocca and Iachello to particle-hole (p-h) states in 8Be. We demonstrate a few essential features of the CSM in 8Be: 1) All predicted p-h states of the CSM, and only the predicted p-h states, are observed near thresholds and up to 19.5 MeV in 8Be. 2) The states are observed in the predicted order, with positive parity states below negative parity states. 3) Some of the p-h states are already known to have the rotational structure predicted for the deformed p-h states. 4) The rotational structures observed at high excitations in the p-h bands in 8Be, resemble the ground state bands of 8Be, 9Be and 9B, with similar moment of inertia. Based on these observations we contemplate new measurements of the spectroscopy of 8Be at energies above 19.5 MeV, where our knowledge of states in 8Be is scarce. We examine the observed B(M1)s and B(E2)s in these nuclei and contemplate a measurement of the B(E2) of the isobaric Analog transition in 8B. We discuss the observed rotational structure in 8Be as a challenge to ab-initio calculations that searched for “emerging rotational structures at high excitations" in beryllium nuclei, and reveal rotational structure at high excitations in 10Be and 12Be but not in 8Be.
Spin-tensor decomposition:
A useful tool for shell model effective interaction
Authors: Kumar Pawan , Sarkar Shahariar , Singh Pushpendra .P , Raina P. K.
Published: December 2019

The spin-tensor decomposition is employed to construct a new interaction, named CKHeN, for 0p-shell. This new interaction is used to calculate the ekective single-particle energies of π0p1/2 and π0p1/2orbitals in Li isotopes, and the level structures of 7,8,9Li isotopes. The calculated level structures are found in good agreement with experimental data.
New Results on Excited States in the one-particle one-hole nucleus 56Co measured with MINIBALL detectors
Authors: Montaner-Pizá A. , Rubio B. , Mücher D. , Orrigo S.E.A. , Simpson E.C. , Gelletly W. , Agramunt J. , Algora A. , Bender C. , Fujita Y. , Ganioglu E. , Guadilla V. , Hellgartner S. , Reichert S.
Published: December 2019

The non-yrast states of the odd-odd nucleus 56Co have been investigated by studying the γ-rays induced in the predominantly fusion-evaporation reaction 56Fe(p,n γ)56Co at an incident energy of 10 MeV. The γ-rays were measured in-beam with four high-resolution MINIBALL-triple germanium (Ge) detectors. The experiment provided excellent data in γ-γ coincidences. The complex level scheme of 56Co was constructed mainly based on the analysis of these γ-γ coincidences. The angular distributions of the γ-rays were also analysed and allowed us to assign spin-parity values to most of the excited states in this nucleus. Despite the extensive work previously done studying the 56Co nucleus, the analysis presented in this work has resulted in a large improvement in the knowledge of its structure.
Fusion probability of massive nuclei in reactions leading to heavy composite nuclear systems
Authors: Sagaidak Roman
Published: December 2019

Reactions between massive nuclei show a considerable reduction in fusion-evaporation cross-sections at the Coulomb barrier according to the comparison of experimental values with those calculated by barrier passing (BP) and statistical model (SM) approximations. Reduced fusion cross-sections corresponding to fusion probability PCN<1 are accompanied by a high probability of deep-inelastic and quasi-fission processes arising on the way to fusion. At the same time, the excitation functions for evaporation residues (ERs) obtained in very mass-asymmetric projectile-target combinations are well described in the framework of the BP model (assuming PCN=1) and SM approximations. In the framework of SM, the survivability of produced heavy nuclei can be described with the use of adjusted macroscopic fission barriers. Fusion suppression appears in less asymmetric combinations, for which PCN values can be estimated using survivability obtained for very asymmetric ones leading to the same CN. An attempt was made to systemize the PCN data derived from different projectile-target combinations leading to ERs in the range from Pb to the most heavies, which are compared withPCN values obtained in fission experiments.
Variation of NMEs of 0νββ for 48Ca with different components of NN interaction
Authors: Sarkar Shahariar , Kumar Pawan , Jha Kanhaiya , Raina P.K.
Published: December 2019

We examine the sensitivity of nuclear matrix elements (NMEs) for light-neutrino exchange mechanism of neutrinoless double beta decay (0νββ) for 48Ca to the various components of two-nucleon interaction, GXPF1A, in fp model space. It is found that the contribution in NMEs coming from the central component is close to contribution from total interaction. The spin-orbit and tensor components are found canceling the contribution of each other.
Study of continuum excitation by light weakly bound projectiles on proton
target
Authors: Sgouros O. , Soukeras V. , Pakou A. , Cappuzzello F. , Acosta L. , Agodi C. , Alamanos N. , Calabrese S. , Carbone D. , Cavallaro M. , Foti A. , Keeley N. , Martel I. , Rusek K. , Torresi D.
Published: December 2019

Elastic scattering and breakup angular distribution measurements for the systems 6,7Li + p were performed at the MAGNEX facility of the Istituto Nazionale di Fisica
Nucleare-Laboratori Nazionali del Sud (INFN-LNS) in Catania, in the energy range of (2.3–5.4)AMeV. The breakup channel was identified and quantified adopting the algorithm MULTIP.Within this algorithm which is a Monte Carlo simulation code, the history of the breakup fragments can be tagged from the rest frame of the decay nucleus itself to the laboratory frame. Angular distribution data of both elastic scattering and breakup were analyzed under the same theoretical model and the influence of continuum on the elastic channel was investigated.
Nuclear structure in the neutron-deficient Sn nuclei TKEL effects on lifetime measurements
Authors: Siciliano Marco , Valiente-Dobón José-Javier , Goasduff Alain
Published: December 2019

The presence of seniority-like isomers along the Z = 50 isotopic chain have been an experimental limitation to the investigation of the electromagnetic properties of the low-lying states in the light Sn nuclei. Combining a multi-nucleon transfer reaction with the Recoil-Distance Doppler-Shift technique, the lifetimes of the 21+ and 41+ excited states have been directly measured in the neutron-deficient 106, 108Sn isotopes for the very first time. The emitted γ rays were detected by the AGATA array, while the reactionproducts were uniquely identified by the VAMOS++ magnetic spectrometer. The control of the direct feeding of the statesby gating on the Total Kinetic Energy Loss, together with the unique capabilities of the two spectrometers, was crucial for the measurementin 108Sn.
The 3 H(α, γ)7 Li and 3He(α, γ)7 Be Radiative Capture Reactions in a Wide Energy Range
Authors: Solovyev Alexander
Published: December 2019

The mirror 3 H(α, γ)7 Li and 3 He(α, γ)7 Be reactions are considered from the microscopic viewpoint within a developed approach based on the multiscale algebraic version of the resonating group model. The total astrophysical S factors and the branching ratios for these reactions are calculated at low and intermediate energies covering the lowest resonances of the final fused nuclei. The results from the calculations are in an agreement with data from experiments.
Equilibration dynamics in nuclear reactions
Authors: Umar A.S. , Simenel C. , Ayik S. , Godbey K.
Published: December 2019

We discuss the equilibration dynamics and time–scales for various quantities that are connected to the experimentally observable entities. These include the study of mass, isospin, and total kinetic energy (TKE)equilibration time–scales as well as the time–scale for fluctuations.
Spectroscopy of natural parity states in 20Ne via the 19F(p,α0) and 19F(p,απ)reactions at low energies
Authors: Vigilante Mariano
Published: December 2019

The 19F(p,α0)16O and 19F(p,απ)16O reactions can be fruitfully exploited to probe natural parity states above the proton emission threshold in the compound 20Ne nucleus. However, despite the relatively large number of data sets published in the literature, it is still not possible to draw a fully unambiguous picture of the spectroscopy of 20Ne, especially close to the proton emission threshold. To contribute to clarify these aspects, we have collected and reviewed all existing data sets of the 19F(p,α0)16O and 19F(p,απ)16O reactions to perform, for the first time, a comprehensive R-matrix fit including both reactions in the bombarding energy range Ep = 0:2–10 MeV. Our analysis clarifies several ambiguities present in the literature and affecting the spectroscopy of 20Ne and clearly demonstrates the importance of the 19F(p,απ) reaction to better constraint the spectroscopy parameters of the fit.
Experimental studies of neutron-rich nuclei aroundN= 126 at KEK isotope separation system
Authors: Watanabe Yutaka , Hirayama Yoshikazu , Mukai Momo , Ahmed Murad , Kakiguchi Yutaka , Miyatake Hiroari , Oyaizu Michihiro , Schury Peter , Wada Michiharu , Kimura Sota , Ishiyama Hironobu , Jeong Sun-Chan , Moon Jun Young , Park Jin Hyung
Published: December 2019

Nuclear parameters such as lifetimes and masses of the waiting point nuclei of r-process nucleosynthesis are significant to investigate its astrophysical environment. However, the difficulty in the production of extremely neutron-rich nuclei at the 126 neutron closed shell makes their experimentalstudies unfeasible. Therefore, the theoretical nuclear models play crucial roles in the simulation of the r-process nucleosynthesis. The systematic nuclear spectroscopy of the neutron-rich nuclei around the 126 neutron closed shell provides significant inputs to those theoretical models to improve their predictability for the waiting point nuclei. We are developing KEK Isotope Separation System (KISS) to perform the systematic nuclear spectroscopy of those neutron-rich nuclei. The nuclei of interest are produced by multi-nucleon transfer reactions between136Xe and198Pt. The experimental study demonstrated its promising potential to produce them. We have successfully performed theβ­γspectroscopy and the laser ionization spectroscopy at KISS using the nuclear production by the multi-nucleon transfer reactions.
Reactions with Exotic Nuclei at Near and Sub-barrier Energies
Authors: Yang Lei , Lin Chengjian , Jia Huiming , Ma Nanru , Wang Dongxi , Yang Feng , Sun Lijie , Xu Xinxing , Wen Peiwei , Zhong Fupeng
Published: December 2019

We will introduce some new results derived recently by the nuclear reaction group at China Institute of Atomic Energy, on the properties of the optical model potentials of neutron-halo 6He system and reaction mechanisms induced by proton-drip line nucleus 17F at energies around the Coulomb barrier. For the study of optical model potentials of exotic nuclear system, we proposed a novel method, i.e., the transfer reaction method. This method has been applied to extract the optical potentials of neutron-halo 6He+209Bi system by measuring the one-proton transfer reactions induced by 7Li on a 208Pb target. A complete picture of threshold anomaly behavior was obtained in the 6He+209Bi system for the first time, where a decreasing trend of the depth of the imaginary potential is observed in the deep sub-barrier region, and the reaction threshold energy is extracted. Moreover, results show thatthe dispersion relation is not applicable for this exotic nuclear system. Reaction mechanisms of proton-rich nuclear systems 17F+89Y and 58Ni were also studied at energies around the Coulomb barrier. Continuum discretized coupled-channels calculations indicate that the coupling effects of the continuum states of 17F+89Y is not significant. Thanks to the employment of a powerful ionization-chamber based detector array, the reaction products over a large Z in the systems of 17F+58Ni can be identified clearly. The data analysis is undergoing.
Study of neutron-deficient mercury isotopes Preliminary results on 189Hg
Authors: Zanon Irene , Siciliano Marco , Goasduff Alain , John Philipp R.
Published: December 2019

The mercury isotopic chain is depicted as one of the best fields to observe many phenomena related to collectivity evolution as, for instance, shape transition, shape coexistence or shape staggering. In this context, the 189Hg presents several interesting aspects and is still relatively unexplored. The nucleus has been studied at the Laboratori Nazionali di Legnaro using a fusion-evaporation reaction and the γ rays emitted have been detected by the GALILEO array, coupled with Neutron Wall and the GALILEO plunger. The presorting and the preliminary results are presented.
Bioaccumulation of heavy metals inEphemera danicalarvae under influence of a trout farm outlet waters
Authors: Božanić Milenka Lj. , Dojčinović Biljana P. , Živić Miroslav Ž. , Marković Zoran Z. , Manojlović Dragan D. , Živić Ivana M.
Published: December 2019

Trout farms are one of the major sources of pollution of highland streams and rivers. Since river sediment burdened with organic pollution binds greater amounts of heavy metals we investigated the influence of the trout farm on the accumulation of metals in the sediment, water andEphemera danicalarvae. Research was conducted seasonally (April, July, and October of 2015 and January of 2016) at one control locality (SK1) and three localities downstream from the farm (SK2–SK4). In agreement with the hypothesis the fish farm discharge induced localized and statistically significant increase of concentrations of Fe, Cu, Cr,Ni, Pb and Cd in sediment andE. danicalarvae, but not in water at locality SK2 just below the fish farm indicating that sediment is the main source of heavy metals for this organism. However, according to the values of Biota sediment accumulation factor (BSAF) only metals with low sediment concentrations (As, Cd and Cu) accumulated in the larvae. Moreover, BASF values for toxic metals (As, Cd and Cr) showed negative correlation with their concentrations in sediment indicating existence of defense mechanisms inE. danicaagainst assimilation of these metals in high concentrations lethal for it. On the other hand, BSAF values for essential microelements (Cu and Fe) were positively correlated with their sediment concentrations. In conclusion the trout farm induced accumulation of heavy metals in river sediment andE. danicalarvae proved to be a good bioindicators of the pollution of river systems by As, Cd and Cu.
Gift und Galle für alle? Nutzen Sie Ihre Energie lieber positiv!
Authors: Jürgens Ute
Published: December 2019

Merken Sie manchmal, wie Ihnen der Ärger hochsteigt und sich nur mühsam oder auch gar nicht unterdrücken lässt? Wie fangen wir wallende Wut auf, damit sie sich nicht unkontrolliert über Kollegen und Patienten ergießt, die sie womöglich „verursacht“ haben?
Editorial
Authors: Jung Britta A.
Published: December 2019

Sehr geehrte Kolleginnen und Kollegen!

Für diese Ausgabe haben wir eine bunte Mischung an verschiedenen Themen von der Gebiss- und Zahnentwicklung bis hin zu digitalen Verfahren zur Unterstützung kieferorthopädisch-kieferchirurgischer Therapieplanungen zusammengestellt.
Technik und Klinik der kieferorthopädischen Plattenapparatur im Gebiss der 1. Dentition
Authors: Tränkmann Joachim
Published: December 2019

Es wird die Herstellung der kieferorthopädischen Plattenapparatur im Gebiss der 1. Dentition und ihre Anteile im Einzelnen sowie ihre klinische Anwendung und Vielfältigkeit aufgezeigt. So ergibt sich ein technischer und ein klinischer Anteil. Wichtig ist es, dass technischer und klinischer Anteil ineinandergreifen. Der Techniker sollte die Notwendigkeiten des Klinikers verstehen und umsetzen und der Kliniker die technischen Möglichkeiten erfassen und umfangreich gebrauchen. Die abgesprochene oder gemeinsame Arbeit sollte das größtmögliche Behandlungsergebnis ergeben.

Die Indikation der Unterkiefer-Plattenapparatur im Gebiss der 1. Dentition ist häufiger als die der Oberkiefer-Plattenapparatur. Es sollten kleine, aber stabile und für die jungen Patienten leicht handhabbare Apparaturen sein. Die häufigsten Ausführungen und Anwendungen werden beschrieben und die Abläufe gezeigt. Plattenkorrekturen und -änderungen während der Behandlung können den Behandlungserfolg vergrößern.
Lückenschluss bei Hypodontie regio 25, 35 und 45 durch skelettale Verankerung
Authors: Jung B. A.
Published: December 2019

Der vorliegende Patientenfall thematisiert den kieferorthopädischen Lückenschluss bei Nichtanlagen der Zähne 25, 35 und 45 mittels skelettalen Verankerungselementen und hat das Ziel einen kurzen Überblick zu klinischen Aspekten und Anwendungsmöglichkeiten zu geben. In diesem Zusammenhang wird unter anderem auch kurz auf Alternativen und die Einstellungsoption der Weisheitszähne eingegangen.
Antireflux-Operation im ersten Lebensjahr, wenn ja, wann und wie? Kontra OP
Authors: Rösch Wolfgang
Published: December 2019

Das Management des vesikoureteralen Refluxes (VUR) im Säuglingsalter bleibt auch weiterhin ein überaus kontrovers diskutiertes Thema in der Kinderurologie. Hohe Spontanmaturationsraten selbst bei dilatierenden Refluxen von bis zu 45 %, der hohe Anteil an Jungen mit hohen Refluxgraden und oft assoziierter Nierenhypoplasie/Nierendysplasie von bis zu 30 % sowie die noch unreife Blasenfunktion kennzeichnen das Krankheitsbild in diesem Alter. Der Reflux per se hat in diesem Kontext eher an Bedeutung verloren. Umso erstaunlicher ist es, dass in letzter Zeit vermehrt Publikationen erscheinen, die eine endoskopische Therapie nicht nur als Alternative bei Durchbruchsinfektionen unter der Langzeittherapie, sondern auch als primäre Alternative zur Chemoprophylaxe empfehlen. Keine der bislang vorliegenden Metaanalysen konnte jedoch eine Evidenz für die Überlegenheit der endoskopischen Therapie gegenüber der Langzeitantibiose im Hinblick auf die Infekthäufigkeit oder die Entstehung neuer Parenchymnarben belegen. Demgegenüber stehen Nachteile dieser Methode wie die Notwendigkeit einer Narkose, die häufige Refluxpersistenz und das Obstruktionsrisiko sowohl postoperativ als auch im Langzeitverlauf. Die klassischen operativen Antireflux-Techniken sollten trotz moderner minimal invasiver Techniken aufgrund der hohen Spontanmaturationsrate und der in diesem Alter noch nicht abgeschlossenen Blasenfunktionsausreifung (sog. immature Blasenfunktion) auch weiterhin routinemäßig nicht zur Anwendung kommen und nur Einzelfällen vorbehalten bleiben
Zum Umgang mit Fieber in der homöopathischen Kinderarztpraxis
Authors: Lucae Christian
Published: December 2019

In der Kinderarztpraxis ist man so gut wie täglich mit dem Symptom Fieber konfrontiert. Dabei sollte zunächst „Fieber“ als Hauptbeschwerde mit den damit verbundenen Ängsten der Eltern immer ernst genommen und anschließend die zugrundeliegende Erkrankung diagnostiziert werden. Nach einem Exkurs zum Fieberbegriff in der Geschichte der Homöopathie werden sowohl die aktuellen Leitlinien zur konventionellen Fiebersenkung als auch der homöopathische Behandlungsansatz besprochen, der anhand einer Krankengeschichte eines Kleinkindes mit zahlreichen fieberhaften Episoden illustriert wird.
Extended Oral Antibiotics and Infection Prophylaxis after a Primary or Revision Total Knee Arthroplasty
Authors: Hong Cierra S. , Black Collin S. , Ryan Sean P. , Seyler Thorsten M.
Published: December 2019

One of the most common reasons for failure of primary total knee arthroplasty and need for revision surgery is periprosthetic infection. Antibiotics are one of the mainstays of treatment to address prosthetic joint infections, but the route of administration and timing of delivery to optimize patient outcomes are debated. This article reviews the use and attributes of commonly used oral antibiotics, especially extended or long-term utilization, as prophylaxis and treatment for prosthetic joint infections in a primary or revision total knee arthroplasty, which include debridement, antibiotics, and implant retention, one-stage and two-stage exchange arthroplasty.
Dispersive shock wave, generalized Laguerre polynomials, and asymptotic solitons of the focusing nonlinear Schrödinger equation
Authors: Kotlyarov Vladimir , Minakov Alexander
Published: December 2019

We consider dispersive shock waves of the focusing nonlinear Schrödinger equation generated by discontinuous initial conditions which are periodic or quasiperiodic on the left semiaxis and zero on the right semiaxis. As an initial function, we use a finite-gap potential of the Dirac operator given in an explicit form through hyperelliptic theta-functions. The aim of this paper is to study the long-time asymptotics of the solution of this problem in a vicinity of the leading edge, where a train of asymptotic solitons are generated. Such a problem was studied in the work of Kotlyarov and Khruslov [Teor. Mat. Fiz. 68(2), 751–761 (1986)] and Kotlyarov {Mat. Zametki 49(2), 84–94 (1991) [Math. Notes 49(1-2), 172–180 (1991)]} using Marchenko’s inverse scattering techniques. We investigate this problem exceptionally using the Riemann-Hilbert (RH) problem techniques that allow us to obtain explicit formulas for asymptotic solitons themselves in contrast with the cited papers where asymptotic formulas are obtained only for the square of the absolute value of solution. Using transformations of the main RH problems, we arrive at a model problem corresponding to the parametrix at the end points of the continuous spectrum of the Zakharov-Shabat spectral problem. The parametrix problem is effectively solved in terms of the generalized Laguerre polynomials, which naturally appeared after appropriate scaling of the Riemann-Hilbert problem in small neighborhoods of the end points of the continuous spectrum. Further asymptotic analysis gives an explicit formula for solitons at the edge of dispersive waves. Thus, we give the complete description of the train of asymptotic solitons: not only bearing the envelope of each asymptotic soliton, but its oscillating structure is found explicitly. Besides, the second term of asymptotics describing an interaction between these solitons and oscillating background is also found. This gives the fine structure of the edge of dispersive shock waves.
Implementation of a pulse-type laser detection and ranging system based on heterodyne detection for long-range measurement with high repetition rate
Authors: Song Hajun , Lee Chang Jae , Koh Hae Seog , Jo Min Sik , Choi Young Soo , Kwon Yong Joon
Published: December 2019

This paper presents the implementation of a pulse-type LAser Detection And Ranging (LADAR) system based on heterodyne detection for long-range measurement. A pulse-type LADAR based on an intensity direct-detection is certainly simple and mature, but it requires a high peak-power laser and a low-noise avalanche photodiode for long-range measurement, which restricts the scope of the application due to the weight, power consumption, and cost of the laser and the photodetector. In this work, heterodyne detection using a PIN photodiode is implemented to increase receiver sensitivity instead of using a low-noise avalanche photodiode. An optical phase-locked loop is adopted to generate an optical local oscillator signal for heterodyne detection. The proposed heterodyne detection scheme achieves a minimum detectable signal level of −52.6 dBm at a bandwidth of 1.2 GHz, and it is adopted in a pulse-type LADAR system for long-range measurement. The pulse-type LADAR system can measure a distance of 2.77 km at a repetition rate of 40 kHz, and it demonstrates great advantages for realizing real-time 3D imaging for long-range measurement with a high frame rate.
Compact and sensitive heterodyne receiver at 2.7 THz exploiting a quasi-optical HEB-QCL coupling scheme
Authors: Joint F. , Gay G. , Vigneron P.-B. , Vacelet T. , Pirotta S. , Lefevre R. , Jin Y. , Li L. H. , Davies A. G. , Linfield E. H. , Delorme Y. , Colombelli R.
Published: December 2019

We demonstrate a sensitive and compact terahertz heterodyne detection system based on a quantum cascade laser (QCL) as a local oscillator and a hot electron bolometer (HEB) as a mixer. It relies on an original optical coupling scheme where the terahertz (THz) signal to be detected and the local oscillator (LO) signal are coupled to the HEB from both sides of the integrated lens/antenna mixer. The THz signal of interest impinges on the front side through the silicon lens while the LO onto the rear (air) side. This concept allows us to remove the beam splitter usually employed in terahertz heterodyne receivers. The mixer consists of a Niobium Nitride HEB with a log-spiral planar antenna mounted on the flat side of a hyperhemispherical silicon lens. The local oscillator of the heterodyne detector is a low power consumption and low beam divergence 3rd-order distributed feedback laser with single mode emission at the target frequency of 2.7 THz. The coupling between the QCL and the HEB has been further optimized, using a dielectric hollow waveguide that reliably increases the laser beam directivity and permits us to pump the HEB into its most sensitive state through the air side of the planar antenna. We have measured a noncorrected double sideband receiver noise temperature of 880 K at 2.7 THz.
Quantifying charge carrier density in organic solar cells by differential charging techniques
Authors: Nakano Kyohei , Chen Yujiao , Tajima Keisuke
Published: December 2019

Accurate determination of charge carrier density in organic solar cells under light irradiation is essential because charge carrier density is directly related to the bimolecular recombination rate and open-circuit voltage of the cells. We investigate the robustness of transient photovoltage/current (TPV/C) and impedance spectroscopy (IS) to interference from the geometric capacitance of the cells (Cgeo) during quantification of the charge carrier density. TPV/C and IS accurately quantify the charge carrier density of bulk heterojunction cells with small Cgeo. For planar heterojunction cells with a larger Cgeo contribution, IS fails to separate the charge carriers in the organic layer from those in the electrodes. In contrast, TPV/C eliminates the effect of Cgeo and gives a reasonable estimation of the charge carrier density in the organic layer with the planar heterojunction, demonstrating that TPV/C is more robust than IS to interference from Cgeo of the cells.
Spectrophotometry in modular microfluidic architectures
Authors: Thompson Bryant , Bhargava Krisna C. , Czaja Alexander T. , Pan Bin , Samuelsen Brian T. , Malmstadt Noah
Published: December 2019

Assays for chemical biomarkers are a vital component in the ecosystem of noninvasive disease state assessment, many of which rely on quantification by colorimetric reactions or spectrophotometry. While modern advances in microfluidic technology have enabled such classes of devices to be employed in medical applications, the challenge has persisted in adapting the necessary tooling and equipment to integrate spectrophotometry into a microfluidic workflow. Spectrophotometric measurements are common in biomarker assays because of straightforward acquisition, ease of developing the assay's mechanism of action, and ease of tuning sensitivity. In this work, 3D-printed, discrete microfluidic elements are leveraged to develop a model system for assaying hyaluronidase, a urinary biomarker of bladder cancer, via absorbance spectrometry of gold nanoparticle aggregation. Compared to laboratory microtiter plate-based techniques, the system demonstrates equivalent performance while remaining competitive in terms of resource and operation requirements and cost.
Development and testing of an unstructured mesh method for whole plasma gyrokinetic simulations in realistic tokamak geometry
Authors: Lu Z. X. , Lauber Ph. , Hayward-Schneider T. , Bottino A. , Hoelzl M.
Published: December 2019

In this work, we have formulated and implemented a mixed unstructured mesh-based finite element–Fourier decomposition scheme for gyrokinetic simulations in realistic tokamak geometry. An efficient particle positioning (particle-triangle mapping) scheme for the charge deposition and field scattering using an intermediate grid as the search index for triangles has been implemented, and a significant speed-up by a factor of ∼30 is observed as compared with the brute force scheme for a medium-size simulation. The TRIMEG (TRIangular MEsh based Gyrokinetic) code has been developed. As an application, the ion temperature gradient (ITG) mode is simulated using the simplified gyrokinetic Vlasov-Poisson model. Our simulation and that using the ORB5 code for the DIII-D Cyclone case show reasonable agreement. As an additional application, ITG simulations using an ASDEX Upgrade equilibrium have been performed with density and temperature gradient profiles similar to the Cyclone case. Capabilities of the TRIMEG code for simulations with realistic experimental equilibria in the plasma core and in the whole plasma volume with open field lines are demonstrated.
Coherent charge-phonon correlations and exciton dynamics in orthorhombic CH3NH3PbI3 measured by ultrafast multi-THz spectroscopy
Authors: Lan Yang , Tao Xixi , Kong Xianghua , He Yihui , Zheng Xiaohong , Sutton Mark , Kanatzidis Mercouri G. , Guo Hong , Cooke David G.
Published: December 2019

We use time-resolved multi-terahertz spectroscopy for the range 4–40 meV to probe coherent and incoherent ultrafast charge carrier and exciton dynamics in the low temperature orthorhombic phase of the hybrid metal halide perovskite CH3NH3PbI3. Time- and energy-resolved terahertz reflectivity maps reveal strongly damped but coherent oscillations in the 2–4 THz reststrahlen band, indicating charge coupling to a distribution of low energy phonon modes centered at 0.9 THz (3.7 meV or 30 cm−1). First-principles calculations reveal that these modes are entirely of mixed organic/inorganic sublattice character, with the power spectrum of the coherent oscillations showing a high frequency cutoff just at the onset of organic cation-only vibrations. Two anomalous reflectivity signatures are observed which are not phonon related, which we assign to a free exciton at 12 meV appearing on a 0.5 ps time scale and a defect bound exciton at 29–32 meV appearing on slower 1 ps time scale. Our measurements reveal the coherent coupling of charges to low energy vibrations of mixed sublattice character and the presence of two distinct populations of free and bound excitons at low temperatures.
Atlas of putative minima and low-lying energy networks of water clusters n = 3–25
Authors: Rakshit Avijit , Bandyopadhyay Pradipta , Heindel Joseph P. , Xantheas Sotiris S.
Published: December 2019

We report a database consisting of the putative minima and ∼3.2 × 106 local minima lying within 5 kcal/mol from the putative minima for water clusters of sizes n = 3–25 using an improved version of the Monte Carlo temperature basin paving (MCTBP) global optimization procedure in conjunction with the ab initio based, flexible, polarizable Thole-Type Model (TTM2.1-F, version 2.1) interaction potential for water. Several of the low-lying structures, as well as low-lying penta-coordinated water networks obtained with the TTM2.1-F potential, were further refined at the Møller-Plesset second order perturbation (MP2)/aug-cc-pVTZ level of theory. In total, we have identified 3 138 303 networks corresponding to local minima of the clusters n = 3–25, whose Cartesian coordinates and relative energies can be obtained from the webpage https://sites.uw.edu/wdbase/. Networks containing penta-coordinated water molecules start to appear at n = 11 and, quite surprisingly, are energetically close (within 1–3 kcal/mol) to the putative minima, a fact that has been confirmed from the MP2 calculations. This large database of water cluster minima spanning quite dissimilar hydrogen bonding networks is expected to influence the development and assessment of the accuracy of interaction potentials for water as well as lower scaling electronic structure methods (such as different density functionals). Furthermore, it can also be used in conjunction with data science approaches (including but not limited to neural networks and machine and deep learning) to understand the properties of water, nature’s most important substance.
Oscillatory flow of Maxwell fluid in a tube of isosceles right triangular cross section
Authors: Sun Xuyang , Wang Shaowei , Zhao Moli
Published: December 2019

In the present study, the oscillatory flow of a Maxwell fluid in a long tube of isosceles right triangular cross section is considered. The analytical expressions for the velocity and phase difference for the flow driven by the periodic pressure gradient are obtained explicitly. The numerical solutions are calculated by using a high-order compact finite difference method. The effects of relaxation time and the Deborah number on the velocity and phase difference are discussed numerically and graphically.
Anomalous self-diffusion, structural and energy relaxations and temporal scaling laws in pure tantalum and pure vanadium metallic glasses
Authors: Xu Donghua , Wang Zhengming , Saini Jaskaran S. , Chen Fangzheng
Published: December 2019

While most studies have considered diffusion in metallic glasses (MGs) to be normal, with a temporally asymptotic diffusivity at a given temperature (T), we report that the diffusion is anomalous and should be described as subdiffusion in pure Ta and pure V MGs—two examples chosen here because of chemical simplicity, fast relaxation, and minimal ambiguity. The diffusivity at a constant T (below the glass transition temperature) drops continuously with time t according to a negative power law instead of the commonly assumed exponential decay. To understand this, we trace the dynamic evolution of potential energy (Ep) and icosahedral short-range ordering (fico) of the system. We find that at large t, fico increases linearly with ln(t), causing Ep to decrease linearly with ln(t), with a remarkably simple linear correlation between fico and Ep. Based on Ep, we infer a continuously increasing effective migration energy barrier, also scaling linearly with ln(t), which perfectly recovers the negative power law time-dependence of diffusivity. The finding of anomalous diffusion and its origin in the fast-relaxing MGs calls out the need to distinguish potentially anomalous diffusion from normal diffusion in MGs, which is critical in disentangling time and temperature in experimental data and developing a robust theory for diffusion in MGs. The temporal scaling laws for diffusivity and structural and energy relaxations reported here may find their validity in other MGs and aid future theory development. In addition, we also discuss the effect of sample thermal history on the time-dependent diffusivity and how to prevent confusion caused by such effect.
Development of a semi-empirical potential suitable for molecular dynamics simulation of vitrification in Cu-Zr alloys
Authors: Mendelev M. I. , Sun Y. , Zhang F. , Wang C. Z. , Ho K. M.
Published: December 2019

The fast increase in available computation power allowed us to decrease the cooling rate in molecular dynamics (MD) simulation of vitrification by several orders of magnitude. While the reliability of the MD simulation should obviously benefit from this increase in the computational power, in some cases, it led to unexpected results. In particular, Ryltsev et al. [J. Chem. Phys. 149, 164502 (2018)] found that the most popular potentials for the Cu-Zr and Cu-Zr-Al alloys from Mendelev et al. [Philos. Mag. 89, 967 (2009)] and Cheng et al. [Phys. Rev. Lett. 102, 245501 (2009)] do not actually describe good glass forming systems but in contradiction with experiment predict rather fast crystallization of the Cu64.5Zr35.5 alloy which is the well-known example of bulk metallic glasses. In this paper, we present a new Cu-Zr semiempirical potential suitable to simulate vitrification. No crystal nucleation was observed in MD simulation using this potential in the concentration range from 75% to 5% of Zr. Since the new potential leads to about the same liquid structure and viscosity as the Cu-Zr potential from Mendelev et al. [Philos. Mag. 89, 967 (2009)] which failed to describe the good glass formability, our study clearly shows that no reliable conclusions about the glass formability can be deduced based solely on the analysis of the liquid properties and a nucleation/crystal growth study should be performed to address this question.
Lead-free white light-emitting thin film achieves full range of light
Authors: Frank Jodi Ackerman
Published: December 2019

Cost-effective, lead-free LED material is achieved by controlling material dimensionality in a one-step process and using a more efficient phosphor.
Structure and function of an unusual flavodoxin from the domain
Archaea
Authors: Prakash Divya , Iyer Prashanti R. , Suharti Suharti , Walters Karim A. , Santiago-Martinez Michel Geovanni , Golbeck John H. , Murakami Katsuhiko S. , Ferry James G.
Published: December 2019

Flavodoxins, electron transfer proteins essential for diverse metabolisms in microbes from the domain
Bacteria
, are extensively characterized. Remarkably, although genomic annotations of flavodoxins are widespread in microbes from the domain
Archaea
, none have been isolated and characterized. Herein is described the structural, biochemical, and physiological characterization of an unusual flavodoxin (FldA) from
Methanosarcina acetivorans
, an acetate-utilizing methane-producing microbe of the domain
Archaea
. In contrast to all flavodoxins, FldA is homodimeric, markedly less acidic, and stabilizes an anionic semiquinone. The crystal structure reveals an flavin mononucleotide (FMN) binding site unique from all other flavodoxins that provides a rationale for stabilization of the anionic semiquinone and a remarkably low reduction potentials for both the oxidized/semiquinone (−301 mV) and semiquinone/hydroquinone couples (−464 mV). FldA is up-regulated in acetate-grown versus methanol-grown cells and shown here to substitute for ferredoxin in mediating the transfer of low potential electrons from the carbonyl of acetate to the membrane-bound electron transport chain that generates ion gradients driving ATP synthesis. FldA offers potential advantages over ferredoxin by (
i
) sparing iron for abundant iron-sulfur proteins essential for acetotrophic growth and (
ii
) resilience to oxidative damage.