bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Regulating Online Hate Speech through the Prism of Human Rights Law: The Potential of Localised Content Moderation
Authors: Hatano Ayako
Published: October 2023

This article explores whether international human rights standards can provide insights into the following questions: who can and should define what constitutes ‘hate speech’ for online moderation, and how can hate speech be detected and moderated on social media platforms? Regarding who should moderate hateful content, the article underscores the responsibility of social media companies, in reference to international human rights law and principles on business and human rights. This paper advocates for a multistakeholder approach where companies work in partnership with and under the monitoring of state actors, civil society and other relevant stakeholders. Given the complexity of what constitutes hate speech, the article proposes the localisation of terms of service and guidelines of social media companies. This approach, in line with human rights standards, enables the meaningful involvement of local experts and civil society groups in formulating, implementing and monitoring online community rules. Addressing the question of how social media companies can detect and moderate hate speech, the article argues that a globally standardised approach reliant on AI content moderation is limited in detecting contextual nuances of hate speech. Drawing from international human rights tools like the Rabat Plan of Action, the article suggests that social media companies should consider diverse local contexts for better interpretation and effective detection, with qualified human moderators with local knowledge and oversight boards with local expertise. By taking a human-centered, localised approach to content moderation and collaborating with relevant stakeholders, businesses can contribute to creating a digital space that upholds fundamental rights, prevents harm, and encourages inclusivity and diversity.
Meta Analytic Review on Recent Advancements of Class AB Power Amplifiers
Authors: Soni Shikha , Niranjan Vandana , Kumar Ashwni
Published: October 2023

The ever-increasing complexity and prohibitive fabrication costs associated with VLSI circuits necessitate the development of techniques that prioritize low power consumption and high-speed analog blocks. In today’s era of smart IoT devices, which are pervasive and heavily reliant
on efficient battery backups, the demand for low power architectures is paramount to preserve battery life and reduce weight. Simultaneously, maintaining high-speed performance and incorporating additional features is crucial in the wireless industry. Amplifiers, being fundamental front-ends
in transceiver design, significantly impact the overall performance of transceivers. Consequently, this study aims to provide a comprehensive and systematic review of amplifier techniques, with a specific focus on low-power and high-speed approaches, following the Preferred Reporting Items
for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) methodology. The findings presented herein identify the current state of research in the defined area and highlight potential avenues for future exploration.
Broadband High-Efficiency Solar Absorber Based on Tungsten Hole-Mesh
Authors: Li Na , Zhao Chi , Rao Xin , Xu Bonan , Shan Yuyu , Zhang Jingke , Zhang Yiqun , Liu Guo
Published: October 2023

Solar energy is widely considered a “green energy” source, and to maximize its utilization, efficient solar absorbers that can absorb solar energy at various optical frequencies are necessary. We report a high-performance, broadband solar absorber made of just two materials
–W and Al2O3. The absorber is composed of three layers, arranged from top to bottom: an Al2O3 dielectric layer, a W hole-mesh layer, and a W substrate layer. Finite difference time domain method analysis simulations demonstrated an ultra-high
absorption rate of 97.64% across a wide spectrum of visible and near-infrared light. The high absorption rate is attributed to the combined effects of surface plasmon resonance, cavity resonance, and the high imaginary part of the permittivity of tungsten. Furthermore, we analyzed the influence
of the geometric parameters of the W hole-mesh absorber on the absorption performance and explained the physical mechanism of the high absorption rate by analyzing impedance matching. Interestingly, the absorber is insensitive to polarized light and can still maintain a high absorption rate
of 90% at an incident angle of 0–60°. Our findings indicate that the W hole-mesh absorber has significant advantages in solar energy harvesting, paving the way for more efficient and cost-effective solar energy technology.
The Impact of an Extreme Cloud burst on Edinburgh Castle
Authors: Tett Simon F. B. , Cha YoungHwa , Donovan Kate , Geffers Gina-Maria , Hawkins Ed
Published: October 2023

An extreme cloudburst on 4 July 2021 damaged Edinburgh Castle. Relative to preindustrial, and based on results from a convective permitting model, observed warming increased the risk by ∼30%, which further increases to ∼70% in a +2-K world.
The incommensurability of digital and climate change priorities in schooling: An infrastructural analysis and implications for education governance
Authors: McKenzie Marcia , Gulson Kalervo N
Published: October 2023

This paper introduces the concept of infrastructure into discussions on climate change and education. We focus on the links between the increased use of digital data and the central role of data infrastructures in education, and the energy infrastructure needed to support their growing use in schools and school systems. We elaborate a need for a greater accounting of the climate and related social costs of these interwoven digital and energy infrastructures of schooling. We suggest this is part of the ‘disposition’ of the infrastructures of schooling that should be weighed into decisions on whether and how to continue with digital technologies in schools. By acknowledging the climate and environmental incommensurability of digital infrastructures, education leaders and young people can more fully understand their dispositions and their costs. We propose three implications for education governance that entail greater consideration of the limits of current school climate change infrastructures such as ‘eco school’ programs and EdTech ‘AI for good’ initiatives, pushes for ‘computing within limits’ without substantial changes, and current school governance practices which unnecessarily rely on digital infrastructures. Instead, what is needed may be a reversal of the extensive use of digital infrastructures by schools and education governance bodies.
Extruded Screw From Cervical Spine Hardware Causing Vocal Fold Paralysis
Authors: Deeb Meriam , Conti Keith R. , Ohlstein Jason F. , Jaworek Aaron J.
Published: October 2023

Dysphonia and dysphagia are often observed among patients presenting to the otolaryngology clinic. One of the more common etiologies includes iatrogenic injury to the recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) as a known complication of head and neck surgeries such as thyroidectomy or anterior approaches to the cervical spine. Most often, RLN injury occurs in this context due to traction or transection of the nerve. No reports on delayed presentation of RLN injury from the extrusion of cervical spine hardware (screw) could be found in the peer-reviewed literature. We present a case of a 63-year-old woman who presented to the otolaryngology office with a 3-month history of hoarseness and difficulty swallowing. The patient’s past medical history was significant for a motor vehicle accident (MVA) 6 years prior resulting in right arm radiculopathy and subsequent anterior cervical discectomy with spinal decompression and fusion (ACDF) at C5-C6 and C6-C7 approximately 3 months after the MVA. Strobovideolaryngoscopy revealed right vocal fold immobility. Computed tomography scan revealed that a screw from the right side of the ACDF hardware migrated approximately 2 cm with compression of the RLN. The patient underwent neck exploration with removal of the extruded hardware and microdirect laryngoscopy with right vocal fold injection laryngoplasty. Intraoperatively, the extruded screw was found embedded within the RLN fibers. This case represents the first report to our knowledge of extrusion of cervical spine hardware screw resulting in delayed RLN injury and vocal fold paralysis.
The Use of Trajectories in Management Research: A Review and Insights for Future Research
Authors: Swider Brian W. , Yang Junhui , Wang Mo
Published: October 2023

The increased incorporation of time, theoretically and empirically, has dramatically advanced our understanding of management. Trajectories, which describe longitudinal change in constructs using functions of time, have become one of management scholars’ most widely used methodological tools to examine if, how, and why constructs change. Yet, despite the rapid growth of trajectory research, we lack a coherent framework for understanding how trajectories can be used to generate valuable insights into change-related work phenomena. In this article, we review more than two decades of trajectory research to develop a taxonomy that delineates the theoretical extensions offered by different trajectory-related research questions. In addition, although seminal method articles offered initial how-to instructions for conducting trajectory analyses, there has since been no systematic review of the methodological practices actually used in trajectory research. Our review distinguishes eight critical methodological choices required in every trajectory study, catalogs the frequency of methodological choices made in prior research, identifies problematic practices that persist, and offers actionable recommendations to develop rigorous trajectory research. Finally, we discuss eight pressing issues in current trajectory research, including several prominent practices that must be abandoned, and suggest how to avoid or minimize these concerns in future studies. Together, our review provides management scholars with an organizing platform for developing trajectory-related research questions and a comprehensive guide to rigorous study designs and analyses.
A Decision Tree Analysis on Symptom Experience of Asian American Breast Cancer Survivors
Authors: Im Eun-Ok , Yi Jee-Seon , Chee Wonshik
Published: October 2023

Background:

Mainly due to their cultural attitudes toward symptoms and breast cancer, Asian American breast cancer survivors tend to suffer from symptoms and often delay in getting treatments, information, and support. To improve their symptom management, it would be important to determine risk groups among them. Decision tree analyses reportedly help determine risk groups by identifying the characteristics that are directly associated with target health outcomes.

Objective:

Using a decision tree analysis, this study aimed at identifying the characteristics that were closely linked to the symptom experience of Asian American breast cancer survivors.

Methods:

This was a part of a parent randomized controlled trial among Asian American breast cancer survivors. Only the data from 135 women at the pre-test were included. Multiple instruments were used to collect the data: the Memorial Symptom Assessment Scale-Short Form, the Cancer Behavior Inventory, the PRQ-2000, the Perceived Isolation Scale, and the Supportive Care Needs Survey-Short Form 34. The data were analyzed using latent profile analysis and decision tree analyses.

Results:

Two most frequently found profiles included the low symptom experience profile (72.6%) and the high symptom experience profile (27.4%). The high symptom experience profile was predicted by 2 combined characteristics; (a) high psychological needs for help (over 60.00 points), and (b) low psychological needs for help (cut point = 60.00), high perceived barriers (cut point = 1.62), and high social isolation (social support) (cut point = 2.33).

Conclusions:

These characteristics linked to Asian American breast cancer survivors with high symptom experience need to be considered in future intervention development.
What Drives the Attractiveness of Public and Private Employers? Comparative Evidence From an Online Employer Review Platform
Authors: Vogel Rick , Satzger Melissa
Published: October 2023

Employees’ attraction to public or private employers is an issue of enduring practical concern and scholarly debate, with inconclusive evidence of both the levels and the drivers of employer attractiveness. This study builds on online reviews of more than 5,000 U.S.-based organizations by more than 200,000 current and former employees, using their recommendations as a behavioral and consequential measure of employer attractiveness. Results of a relative weight analysis show that public employees place less importance on altruistic and intrinsic attributes compared to their counterparts in the private sector when they recommend or do not recommend their employers, but more importance on social attributes; while no sector differences emerge for extrinsic and prestige attributes. These patterns remain stable when we focus on an industry with little occupational variation across the sectors. As some of these results contradict previous scholarship, they suggest that employer attractiveness at the post-entry stages of the human resource cycle, when preferences may change as a consequence of employee expectations and experience, is a puzzle that deserves more scholarly and practical attention.
A locally advanced colon cancer patient with Muir-Torre syndrome obtains durable response to neoadjuvant and adjuvant immunotherapy
Authors: Guo Zhihua , Cai Yue , Yin Weiqiang , Huang Jun
Published: October 2023

Introduction: Muir-Torre syndrome, presenting with cutaneous tumors and visceral malignancies, is a variant of Lynch syndrome. The development of immune checkpoint inhibitors provided novel effective treatment options for metastatic colorectal cancer patients with microsatellite instability and deficient mismatch repair. However, the use of immune checkpoint inhibitors in neoadjuvant and adjuvant settings for patients with locally advanced colorectal cancer remains undefined because of limited follow-ups in current studies. Case presentation: In the present study, we reported a 33-year-old Muri-Torre syndrome patient with stage ⅢC (c.T4N2M0) colorectal cancer and keratoacanthoma. Microsatellite instability / deficient mismatch repair, high tumor mutation burden, and MSH2 germline mutation were identified by next-generation sequencing. Pembrolizumab monotherapy was used as neoadjuvant treatment and the patient achieved a major pathological response. After surgical resection, pembrolizumab was continuously used in an adjuvant setting for 12 months. The patient remained disease-free with a durable disease-free survival for 44 months. To our knowledge, this is the first and longest follow-up study reporting pembrolizumab as a single-agent neoadjuvant therapy for locally advanced colon cancer. Conclusions: The results demonstrate promising performance in neoadjuvant and adjuvant settings. Further studies are needed to confirm its potential usefulness as an outcome measure in clinical practice.
Efficacy and safety of monoclonal antibodies targeting CGRP in migraine prevention. GRADE tables elaborated by the ad hoc working group of the International Headache Society
Authors: Aleksovska Katina , Hershey Andrew D. , Deen Marie , de Icco Robert , Lee Mi Ji , Diener Hans-Christoph
Published: October 2023

Objectives

Grading of Recommendations, Assessment Development and Evaluation (GRADE) tables were created using a standardized and independent assessment of the efficacy and side effects of treatments with monoclonal antibodies (mAb) against calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) or the CGRP receptor for the prevention of migraine. We hope to provide support for author groups writing national or regional treatment or management guidelines for migraine prevention.

Methods

We formulated patient/population, intervention, comparison and outcomes (PICO) questions for the efficacy and safety of mAb against CGRP or the CGRP-receptor for the prevention of migraine attacks. We performed a systematic literature research for randomized studies with eptinezumab, erenumab, fremanezumab and galcanezumab and a pooled analysis was done, using RevMan 5.4 software. For dichotomous outcomes we used risk ratio, and for continuous outcomes we used the mean difference to compare and summarize the evidence between groups. The evidence across studies, for each outcome, except serious adverse events, was assessed using GRADE evidence tables. Additionally, we report the serious adverse effects in the tables of the characteristics of the studies.

Results

All mAb are superior to placebo for the reduction in monthly migraine days (days in which a headache consistent with migraine occurred) in participants with episodic and chronic migraine. There are no major differences between the mAb.

Conclusions

The GRADE evidence summary tables provided will support author groups to write treatment guidelines for the prevention of migraine with mAb.
A contribution to the critique of Irish sociology
Authors: Rálaigh Chris Ó.
Published: October 2023

Irish society is situated within a period of epoch-defining social change. We are facing in to a short number of decades, which promise the significant re-shaping of the political and social contours of our nation. Irish sociology's disciplinary mandate is to analyse that change, yet a historical debate has found new expression – heightened by the 30th anniversary of the Irish Journal of Sociology (IJS) and the 50th anniversary of the formation of the Sociological Association of Ireland (SAI) – as to whether the discipline is utilising the appropriate means to achieve its ends. The current sociological division of labour is unevenly balanced, with empirical inquiry and sub-disciplinary focus privileged over systemic and synthesised social theorising. In the absence of such theorising, sociology runs the risk of remaining an empirical adjunct to other disciplines, as opposed to its rightful position at the centre of the constellation of social sciences. This paper acts as a contribution to the critique of Irish sociology, considering the extent of the disciplines absent centre, providing an analysis as to how we have reached our particular disciplinary juncture and offering certain proposals regarding appropriate analytical anchors for future theoretical focus.
Physical Activity, Sleep, and Screen Time in Children and Adolescents Before and During the COVID-19 Pandemic: An Analysis of the 2019-2020 National Survey of Children’s Health
Authors: Friel Ciarán P. , Diaz Keith M. , Rupp Kristie
Published: October 2023

The COVID-19 pandemic led to unprecedented changes in people’s lifestyles across the United States, but the extent to which the pandemic affected health behaviors of children and adolescents (i.e., physical activity, screen-time, and sleep) is not well understood. These behaviors hold particular significance because of their association with health outcomes.

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to examine whether engagement in health behaviors changed from pre-pandemic (2019) to during the pandemic (2020).

Methods

The combined 2019-2020 National Survey of Children’s Health (NSCH) was used to inform this study. The NSCH is an annual survey designed to provide national estimates of key indicators of childhood health and well-being. Physical activity (number of days/week with >60 min of activity), screen-time (hours/day of TV viewing and computer use), and sleep (hours/day) were assessed by parental report. Adjusted binomial and multinomial logistic regression models were used to determine the association between survey year and health behaviors.

Results

Children and adolescents were 36% more likely to be physically inactive in 2020 compared to 2019. Additionally, children and adolescents were 14% more likely to meet sleep guidelines and 39% less likely to meet screen-time guidelines in 2020 compared to 2019, independent of age, sex, race/ethnicity, and poverty level. Children (6-13 year) and adolescents (14-17 years) were 10% and 15% less likely to get below the recommended amount of sleep in 2020 compared to 2019, respectively.

Conclusion

Prevalence of meeting sleep guidelines increased among children and adolescents in 2020 but decreased for physical activity and screen-time. Initiatives targeting activity and screen-time may be urgently needed. Whether rates of these health behaviors return to pre-pandemic levels over the next few years should be closely assessed.
Bounded Nonnormativity of Heterosexuality: Gendered Sex Partying in Hong Kong
Authors: Tsui Pamela P.
Published: October 2023

Despite queer theory’s intention to critically analyze the institution of heterosexuality, how heterosexual men and women are differently constrained by normativity—or potentially rupture it—is underexplored. Through an ethnography of sex partying, I integrate queer and feminist perspectives to examine how people navigate and cope with institutionalized heterosexuality and compulsory monogamy. This study finds a contradictory relationship between sex partygoers and normativity: They embrace the ideal of straight manhood and womanhood but simultaneously feel constrained by and desire to transgress it. Therefore, the bounded nonnormativity of sex partying, which allows the compartmentalization of normative and nonnormative desires, is instrumental in helping them cope with the contradiction. This paper contributes to gendering transnational queer sociology by highlighting the distinct experiences of men and women in relation to the regime of normalcy in Hong Kong.
Digital instructional leadership in schools facing different levels of challenging contexts: A survey study during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Hassan Tahani , Berkovich Izhak
Published: October 2023

This study highlights the growing significance of integrating digital technology into instructional leadership in schools. Educational administration research cannot ignore the fact that digital technology has become an integral part of human interactions and organizational processes in twenty-first-century workplaces. This paper aims to explore digital instructional leadership behaviours of principals during the COVID-19 pandemic and explain behavioural differences in leadership related to different levels of socio-economic school settings. Data were collected through an online study from 380 teachers in Bahrain. We used a series of two-sample t-tests between percentages to compare differences in digital instructional leadership behaviours. The study revealed that means of principals’ digital instructional leadership behaviours were generally higher in schools serving student populations with a high rather than low socio-economic background. Principals in schools serving student populations with low socio-economic background were higher than their peers only in one digital instructional leadership behaviours, and this was related to socio-economic gaps. The study contributes to better understanding of digital instructional leadership, an approach that is becoming highly prevalent because of the pandemic, and sheds light on how levels of principals’ behaviours vary in different circumstances. Overall, the findings attest to the presence of a digital instructional leadership divide.
An Empirical Mapping of Environmental Protection and Conservation Nonprofit Discourse on Social Media
Authors: Ter-Mkrtchyan Ani V. , Taylor Marshall A.
Published: October 2023

This article is a comprehensive empirical overview of environmental protection and conservation nonprofits’ discourse on social media. To what extent have these nonprofits framed climate change in their public discourse and how has it evolved over time? How do organizational characteristics and resources affect their social media behavior? To address our research questions, we use machine learning with texts—specifically topic modeling—to track the activity of 120 environmental nonprofits during a 14-year time span on X, formerly known as Twitter. Our analysis of more than 1.3 million tweets shows that climate change, although not closely aligned with the missions for more than half of the top tweeting organizations included in our sample, has consistently been a prevalent priority issue on their social media agendas for more than a decade. This heightened attention to climate change discourse by the environmental nonprofit sector denotes their uniform efforts to inspire government for climate action.
Entrepreneurial intention of university students: A moderated approach using entrepreneurship education
Authors: Dar Arsheed Ahmad , Hurrah Shabir Ahmad , Hassan Aamir , Mansuri BB , Saleem Ambreen
Published: October 2023

This study aims to examine the impact of students’ entrepreneurial self-efficacy on their opportunity recognition capability after their exposure to classroom-based entrepreneurship education, leading to the development of intention to undertake an entrepreneurial activity. A detailed questionnaire was used to collect data from 351 students pursuing undergraduate and postgraduate courses. Results confirm that the student’s entrepreneurial self-efficacy positively influences their intention to undertake an entrepreneurial activity directly and indirectly via their opportunity recognition capability. Also, entrepreneurship education significantly moderates the link between students’ entrepreneurial self-efficacy and opportunity recognition capability. These results have practical implications for universities and policymakers, as universities that are not providing entrepreneurship education can adopt the same module of classroom education. Also, policymakers can frame policies directing institutions to start similar kinds of entrepreneurship education programs, even at the intermediate level, particularly in lower-middle-income countries.
Influence of welding conditions and flux composition on chemistry of welds using recycled steel slag in submerged arc welding
Authors: Saini Sumit , Singh Kulwant
Published: October 2023

The slag generated by steel-making plant has been employed to manufacture flux essential for submerged arc welding process. The developed flux has been used for depositing beads on plates, and the weld metal chemistry has been evaluated. The effect of welding conditions and flux composition on element transfer behavior has been investigated. The experiments were carried out as dictated by the design matrix generated using CCRD in response surface methodology. The data generated during experimentation was used to develop mathematical models. The developed models were tested for their adequacy through the ANOVA technique in design expert software. It is interesting to note that the recycled slag provided the chemistry of weld metal which is accepted as per ASME specifications. The rise in welding current increases the amount of carbon in weld metal from 0.11 to 0.14 wt.%, whereas it decreases with increasing travel speed. Manganese content decreases (1.28 wt.% to 0.795 wt.%) with increasing welding current (250 A to 650 A). The increase in welding speed from 4.44 mm/s to 8.88 mm/s results in an increment in manganese content from 0.87 wt.% to 1.21 wt.%. Since increasing travel speed decreases heat input per unit length of the weld, evaporation of manganese is suppressed. Therefore, the highest manganese content was achieved at a lower current (250 A) and higher speed (8.88 mm/s). Smooth beads with evenly distributed ripples free from surface defects like undercuts, porosity, pockmarks, etc., were achieved.
Bee Pollen and Doxorubicin by Synergistic Effects Inhibit the Proliferation of Breast Tumors in 4T1 Tumor-bearing BALB/c Mice: A Biochemical, Immunohistochemical,and Molecular Approach
Authors: Li Jinwen
Published: October 2023

Objectives

This study investigated the effects of BP and doxorubicin (DOX) on 4T1 tumor cells in a mouse model.

Materials and Methods

After inducing breast tumors, 70 4T1-tumor-bearing BALB/c mice were divided into seven groups ( n = 10/group). The groups were treated with DOX and BP for 35 days. On the 36th day, blood was taken from the heart, and serum was separated to measure levels of cytokines, estrogen, progesterone, testosterone, and nitric oxide. Antioxidant enzyme activities, as well as tissue ferric-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, were evaluated. The expression of apoptotic genes and metastasis was measured using real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR), while the expression of apoptotic proteins was evaluated using Western blotting. Finally, Ki-67 and p-53 were examined using immunohistochemistry to determine apoptosis.

Results

The study found that BP, with its synergistic effects with DOX, reduced the volume of tumors and increased the expression of apoptotic genes and proteins. In a dose-dependent manner, groups receiving BP and DOX with their synergistic effects reduced the level of estrogen and nitric oxide and also reduced the level of pro-inflammatory cytokines. BP along with DOX increased serum interferon-γ (IFN-γ) levels. Tumor tissue FRAP and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) levels increased in BP-treated groups. Ki-67 and Bcl-2 proliferation markers levels decreased, and p53 levels increased in 4T1-breast tumors.

Conclusion

The study concluded that BP with its synergistic effects along with DOX has the ability to suppress the growth of tumors and can also inhibit the oxidative damage of DOX.
Exploring Experiences of Pain Management Among Family Caregivers of Community-Dwelling Older Adults With Dementia
Authors: Zhao Hui , Kulbok Pamela A. , Williams Ishan C. , Manning Carol , Logan Jeongok G. , Romo Rafael D.
Published: October 2023

Background

Pain is often underreported and under-treated in older adults with dementia. The role of family caregivers (FCGs) in managing pain for their loved ones with dementia living in community has been significantly burdensome. Surprisingly, research has not delved into the experiences of FCGs’ concerning pain management in this context.

Methods

A qualitative descriptive study was conducted to gain a deep understanding of FCGs’ experiences in managing pain for their loved ones. Family caregivers participated in semi-structured face-to-face or telephone interviews. Inclusion criterion included being an adult providing care to community-dwelling older adults with dementia. Recruitment stopped upon reaching thematic saturation. Basic demographic characteristics was also collected. Constant comparison analytic method was employed.

Results

The study included 25 FCGs in central Virginia, spanning ages from 29 to 95. Participants were predominantly white, female, married, and had a minimum high school education. Most of them were adult children (52%) or the spouses (28%) of the care recipients. Four thematic categories emerged around exploring FCGs’ pain management experiences: (1) Values; (2) Barriers; (3) Support; and (4) Adaptation. Each theme included sub-themes.

Conclusion

Family caregivers follow their values to make decisions in pain management. Barriers existed for effective pain management. Adaptation and support from professional or formal caregivers greatly improved FCGs’ perception of their competence in pain management. The finding underscores the need for further research and the development of interventions aimed at enhancing FCGs’ perception of self-efficacy in this crucial aspect of caregiving.
Hydroxychloroquine-Chloroquine, QT-Prolongation, and Major Adverse Cardiac Events: A Meta-analysis and Scoping Review
Authors: Garcia Michael Cristian , Tsang Kai La , Lohit Simran , Deng Jiawen , Schneider Tyler , Matos Silva Jessyca , Mbuagbaw Lawrence , Holbrook Anne
Published: October 2023

Objectives:

We aimed to evaluate the high-quality literature on the frequency and nature of major adverse cardiac events (MACE) associated with either hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) or chloroquine (CQ).

Data sources:

We searched Medline, Embase, International Pharmaceutical Abstracts, and Cochrane Central from 1996 onward using search strategies created in collaboration with medical science librarians.

Study selection and data extraction:

Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) published in English language from January 1996 to September 2022, involving adult patients at least 18 years of age, were selected. Outcomes of interest were death, arrhythmias, syncope, and seizures. Random-effects meta-analyses were performed with a Treatment Arm Continuity Correction for single and double zero event studies.

Data synthesis:

By study drug, there were 31 HCQ RCTs (n = 6677), 9 CQ RCTs (n = 622), and 1 combined HCQ-CQ trial (n = 105). Mortality was the most commonly reported MACE at 220 of 255 events (86.3%), with no reports of torsades de pointes or sudden cardiac death. There was no increased risk of MACE with exposure to HCQ-CQ compared with control (risk ratio [RR] = 0.90, 95% CI = 0.69-1.17, I2 = 0%).

Relevance to patient care and clinical practice:

These findings have important implications with respect to patient reassurance and updated guidance for prescribing practices of these medications.

Conclusions:

Despite listing as QT-prolonging meds, HCQ-CQ did not increase the risk of MACE.
The Histological Detection of Ulcerative Colitis Using a No-Code Artificial Intelligence Model
Authors: Hamamoto Yuichiro , Kawamura Michihiro , Uchida Hiroki , Hiramatsu Kazuhiro , Katori Chiaki , Asai Hinako , Shimizu Shigeki , Egawa Satoshi , Yoshida Kyotaro
Published: October 2023

Ulcerative colitis (UC) is an intractable disease that affects young adults. Histological findings are essential for its diagnosis; however, the number of diagnostic pathologists is limited. Herein, we used a no-code artificial intelligence (AI) platform “Teachable Machine” to train a model that could distinguish between histological images of UC, non-UC coloproctitis, adenocarcinoma, and control. A total of 5100 histological images for training and 900 histological images for testing were prepared by pathologists. Our model showed accuracies of 0.99, 1.00, 0.99, and 0.99, for UC, non-UC coloproctitis, adenocarcinoma, and control, respectively. This is the first report in which a no-code easy AI platform has been able to comprehensively recognize the distinctive histologic patterns of UC.
Model-free robust decentralised control of multi-input-multi-output nonlinear interconnected dynamic systems
Authors: Zhu Quanmin , Li Ruobing , Zhang Jianhua , Shi Baiyang
Published: October 2023

This study presents a generalised framework for model-free robust decentralised control (MFRDC) of interconnected MIMO dynamic systems, with the goal of significantly reducing complexity in model-based design. A model-free robust sliding mode control, by Lyapunov differential inequality, is presented to achieve simultaneous nonlinear, dynamic, interaction/coupling inversion/cancellation (NDII) for such MIMO systems, which treats the plant/process as a total uncertainty from input to output. The U-control platform is presented, to integrate separately independently designed NDII and an invariant controller (IC) into a complete double loop control system. The associated robust stability and other properties are analysed to provide reference for applications. Two simulated tracking control tests are presented for functionally numerical demonstration, validation of the analytical results and illustration of the transparent procedure for general expansion/applications. These are: a coupled inverted pendulum and a two-input and two-output (TITO) non-affine nonlinear dynamic plant.
Calling it out? A Q Methodological Study of Sexual Harassment Labelling
Authors: Lazard Lisa , Capdevila Rose , Turner Jim
Published: October 2023

The public condemnation of high-profile men accused of gendered violence in 2017 resulted in an upsurge of women labelling past experiences as sexual harassment. This study used Q methodology to explore understandings of sexual harassment in the UK. Forty participants sorted 62 statements into quasi-normal grids which were factor analyzed (by person). Eight factors were identified which were titled: Sex Not Sexism, Sexualized Discriminations, Victim Voice, Sameness and Difference, Power/Sex, Repeated Power Abuse, Personal Boundaries, and Masculinity and Heterosexism. Taken together, they signal that feminist efforts to articulate the experience of sexual harassment have gained ground during this period.
“Anywhere But Here”: Understanding the Influence of Antihomeless Coalitions on Street-Level Bureaucratic Discretion and Judicial Nullification
Authors: Nevarez Martinez Deyanira
Published: October 2023

A comprehensive understanding of the housing situation in California specifically, and the United States generally, cannot be addressed without close examination of the material conditions of the poor and how the actions of public servants charged with implementing and delivering housing regulations and policy affect them and the law. This research focuses on everyday interactions between street-level bureaucrats and homeless residents to examine how and why discretion—the legal authority of government officials to enforce the law—is exercised. This paper argues that factors involved in triggering enforcement and criminalization are highly influenced by local political dynamics which are shown to play a role in the discretionary decision-making process of those on the frontlines of homelessness in Orange County, California, and ultimately nullifying important precedent aimed at protecting the constitutional rights of the unhoused.
Can Local Government Mergers Reduce Costs When Capital Expenditures Are Low? Evidence from Court Mergers
Authors: Mughan Sîan , Overstreet Dallin
Published: October 2023

Local government mergers, motivated by promises of cost savings via economies of scale (EoS) and reduced duplication of function, often fail to produce the anticipated savings. An inability or unwillingness to reduce personnel costs is often offered as a reason for this outcome. We explore this explanation by estimating the expenditure effects of court mergers in California. Our main result is that current judicial spending (total expenditures minus capital expenditures) increases significantly following consolidation. This is partially explained by a sustained increase in salaries paid to full-time workers. The number of workers increases in the years immediately following merger however over the long-term merger has no effect on employment levels, suggesting that mergers change the composition of the workforce. These findings have implications for all local governments that provide labor-intensive services, if mergers are to reduce expenditures officials must be willing to make difficult personnel decisions.
Resettled Refugees and African Americans in the Same Neighborhoods: Insights for Intergroup Dynamics and Multicultural Community Building
Authors: Lee Wonhyung , Disney Lindsey
Published: October 2023

After resettlement, refugees are situated to navigate new environments and social relationships with nonrefugee residents in the United States. This study focuses on the intergroup dynamics between refugees and native African American residents with whom refugees often share spatial boundaries in urban neighborhoods. Based on 30 in-depth interviews in Albany, NY and Clarkson, GA, our findings suggest that both groups share the experiences of social marginalization and disadvantageous neighborhood factors. On the other hand, each group differed in their views on the police and the type of poverty that they deal with. Although two groups rarely collaborated, solidarity was deemed possible and desirable. Several suggestions for community building were made, including cross-cultural activities for youth and neighborhood activism for adults. Future research can examine the space-making and rights-seeking processes of resettled refugees in the context of urban poverty and in their relation to other locals.
Insulin Resistance in Adolescents and Youth With Type 1 Diabetes: A Review of Problems and Solutions
Authors: Khadilkar Anuradha , Oza Chirantap , Mondkar Shruti A
Published: October 2023

Though insulin resistance (IR) was previously considered a feature of only type 2 Diabetes (T2DM), its development in type 1 Diabetes (T1DM) is not an uncommon occurrence, the causes of which are multifactorial (gender, pubertal status, diabetes duration, ethnicity, genetics, adiposity, glycemic control, chronic inflammation). Despite improvements in glucose, blood pressure and lipid profile, vascular complications (coronary artery disease and nephropathy) continue to remain common causes of morbidity and mortality in T1DM. Aggressive glycemic control reduces but does not eliminate the risk of IR. IR accelerates the development of micro and macrovascular complications, many of which can be potentially reversed if diagnosed and managed early. Lack of endogenous insulin production makes estimation of insulin sensitivity in T1DM difficult. As hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp studies are cumbersome and invasive, the use of prediction equations for calculating estimated insulin sensitivity may prove to be useful. Along with intensive insulin therapy, dietary modifications and increasing physical activity, the role of Metformin in managing IR in T1DM is becoming increasingly popular. Metformin adjunct therapy in T1DM has been shown to improve insulin sensitivity, glycemic control, lipid profile, body composition, vascular smooth muscle function, thereby reducing the risk of vascular complications, as well as reversal of early vascular dysfunction. However, further studies to assess long-term efficacy and safety of Metformin use in adolescents and youth with T1DM are needed. This review aims at revisiting the pathophysiology of IR in T1DM and techniques of identifying those at risk so as to put into action various strategies for management of the same.
The RNA m6A-Binding Protein YTHDC1 Is Downregulated and Associated With M2 Macrophage Infiltration in Muscle-Invasive Bladder Cancer
Authors: Zhao Lamei , Han Dongyan , Zhu Jianghua , Bi Dexi , Ding Tingting , Zhu Xingchen , Huang Dengfeng , Zhang Youhua , Lu Ling , Wu Weijun , Gao Yaohui , Liu Hu , Huang Qiongyi , Wei Qing , Yao Xudong
Published: October 2023

Background:

Dysregulation of RNA N6-methyladenosine (m6A) modification is indispensable in tumorigenesis. However, in muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC), the key regulators and mechanisms involved in this process remain largely unknown. This study aimed to screen the key m6A regulators and explore its possible role in MIBC.

Methods:

Aberrantly expressed m6A regulator genes were screened in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) MIBC cohort (n = 408) and validated using fresh-frozen and formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) specimens collected during this study. Clinicopathological relevance and association with tumor immune infiltration was further assessed.

Results:

We identified that the expression of YT521-B homology-domain-containing protein 1 (YTHDC1), an m6A RNA-binding protein, was downregulated in tumor tissues compared with adjacent noncancerous tissues in the TCGA MIBC cohort and our clinical samples. Low YTHDC1 expression correlated with short patient survival, advanced pathologic stage, lymph node metastasis, basal-squamous molecular subtype, non-papillary histological type, and certain genetic mutations important to MIBC. Remarkably, YTHDC1 expression exhibited negative association with tumor-infiltrating M2 macrophage abundance in MIBC.

Conclusion:

Among m6A regulators, we identified that YTHDC1 was downregulated in MIBC and might play an important role in the pathological process in MIBC, especially tumor microenvironment regulation.
The MoxFo initiative – outcomes: Outcome measures in studies of exercise training in multiple sclerosis; scoping review of reviews and classification according to the ICF framework
Authors: Ramari Cintia , Awadia Zain , Bansi Jens , Casey Blathin , Feys Peter , Pilutti Lara A , Sandroff Brian M , Paul Lorna
Published: October 2023

Background:

The number of published studies of exercise training in multiple sclerosis (MS) has grown exponentially with increasing numbers of outcomes capturing exercise effects. This has complicated the selection of relevant indicators and interpretation of intervention effects.

Objectives:

The Outcomes subgroup of the MoXFo initiative aimed to (1) identify outcome measures and biomarkers in studies of exercise training in MS; (2) systematically map retrieved outcomes to International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) categories; (3) identify gaps where relevant ICF categories have been omitted.

Methods:

Electronic databases and registers were searched from 2010 to July 2020 to identify systematic reviews or meta-analyses of controlled trials of exercise training on any outcome in MS. Retrieved outcomes/biomarkers were mapped to the corresponding ICF category.

Results:

Eighty-one review articles reporting 235 different outcomes were included. The outcomes corresponded to 15 chapters and 45 categories within the ICF. Outcomes mapped primarily to body function (30 categories) and activities and participation (9 categories) components. Few outcomes mapped to body structures (2 categories) or environmental factors (1 category).

Conclusion:

This sets the stage to develop a resource for researchers/clinicians that will aid in the selection of appropriate outcomes/biomarkers when examining exercise effects in MS.
Do volatilities in tourism arrivals and foreign aids matter for GDP volatility in Cambodia? Partial and vector coherence wavelet models
Authors: Das Narasingha , Gangopadhyay Partha , Işık Cem , Alvarado Rafael , Ahmad Munir
Published: October 2023

The purpose of this research note is to investigate the nexus between volatility in international tourist arrivals, volatility in foreign aids and gross domestic product (GDP) volatility in Cambodia over the period of 1993–2018 by using partial and vector coherence wavelet models. The partial wavelet coherence models show that volatility in tourist arrival has strong impacts on GDP volatility across all time and frequency domains. Secondly, we find from the vector wavelet coherence plots strong and significant coherence between GDP volatility and volatility in overseas development assistance to Cambodia across all time and frequency domains.
Information technology use and tasks left undone by nursing staff: A qualitative analysis
Authors: Golay Diane , Cajander Åsa , Salminen-Karlsson Minna
Published: October 2023

Nursing staff perceive information technology (IT) as time-consuming and impinging on direct patient care time. Despite this, researchers have directed little attention toward the interplay between IT use and tasks left undone by nursing staff. In this paper, we analyze interview and focus group data on hospital nursing staff’s experience working with IT to identify ways IT use interacts with tasks left undone. We found that tasks left undone by nursing staff can have IT-related antecedents and that IT-related tasks are also sometimes left undone. This analysis adds to the body of knowledge by showing that tasks related to the work environment and IT can be left undone and that nursing staff avoid certain IT-supported tasks because they do not know how to do them or why they ought to be done. These findings form the basis for our call for further research on the topic.