bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Rapid Hard‐Mast Index From Acorn Presence‐Absence Tallies
Authors: GREENBERG CATHRYN H. , WARBURTON GORDON S.
Published: July 2007

Abstract: We used 21 years of acorn data from visual surveys of oak (Quercus spp.) trees (n = 20,113) conducted in western North Carolina, USA, to develop predictive equations for hard‐mast indices (HMIs) based on the proportion of trees bearing acorns (PBA). We calculated PBA using visual estimates of the percentage of oak crown with acorns (PCA), assigning acorn presence if PCA ≥ 33.5%.The proportion of trees bearing acorns and average PCA were highly correlated, and PBA alone was a successful predictor of HMIs. Precise estimates of PBA (therefore HMIs) at a 95% confidence level required 139‐385 sample trees for each oak subgroup or spatial scale of interest, and the sample size required varied with the true PBA. Substituting this faster, simpler visual survey method for others involving labor‐intensive counts of twigs and acorns means that more trees can be sampled (if needed) with less time and effort for improved PBA (therefore HMI) precision. We offer a reliable method for predicting HMIs that are comparable to past HMI estimates for states using the Whitehead (1969) method, thus providing continuity in tracking long‐term acorn production patterns. We also developed categories for subjectively ranking acorn crop sizes based on the range of PBA observed during 21 years. We recommend that PBA be adopted by resource management agencies as a standard, stand‐alone index of acorn production to ensure comparable data among years and across the eastern United States. A standardized protocol for assigning acorn presence or absence must be used for consistent, comparable regional use of PBA in predicting HMIs or by itself as an index of acorn production.
Bilinear Systems
Authors: Elliott David L.
Published: July 2007

This article contains necessary background on linear control systems; the definition of bilinear systems and some sources of BLS in engineering; a guide to some useful system theoretic methods; the application of these methods to problems such as stabilization, observability, and controllability; and brief accounts of areas where BLS have made a major contribution to system theory. A few examples and applications are given where appropriate. As much as possible, the notation and terminology are usual in control system work; the state‐space approach will be used, and the articleson Linear algebraand Stability theory,nonlinearmay be helpful. Some suggested textbooks and other recom mendationsare provided in the Reading list at the end of this article.
Missile Guidance
Authors: Rodriguez Armando A.
Published: July 2007

The future of missile guidance depends to a large extent on the ongoing reinterpretation of the ABM treaty between the United States and the former Soviet Union. After 9–11, work was initiated on the development of mini‐nukes for underground bunkers. The need for guided missiles that permit precision strikes with minimal collateral damage was also reaffirmed.

A Brief History: From 1944 to the Present

Missile Guidance, Navigation, and Control Subsystems

Classification of Missiles, Targets, Guidance Systems, Navigation Methods, and Target‐Sensing Methods

Guidance Algorithms

Future Developments

Acknowledements
Time Interval Measurement
Authors: Kostamovaara Juha , Määttä Kari
Published: July 2007

The sections in this article are

Performance Parameters in Time Interval Measurement
A de novo 1.1–1.6 Mb subtelomeric deletion of chromosome 20q13.33 in a patient with learning difficulties but without obvious dysmorphic features
Authors: Béna Frédérique , Bottani Armand , Marcelli Fabienne , Sizonenko Loredana D'Amato , Conrad Bernard , Dahoun Sophie
Published: July 2007

We report on a de novo submicroscopic deletion of 20q13.33 identified by subtelomeric fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) in a 4‐year‐old girl with learning difficulties, hyperlaxity and strabismus, but without obvious dysmorphic features. Further investigations by array‐based comparative genomic hybridization (array‐CGH) and FISH analysis allowed us to delineate the smallest reported subterminal deletion of chromosome 20q, spanning a 1.1–1.6 Mb with a breakpoint localized between BAC RP5‐887L7 and RP11‐261N11. The genes CHRNA4 and KCNQ2 implicated in autosomal dominant epilepsy are included in the deletion interval. Subterminal 20q deletions as found in the present patient have, to our knowledge, only been reported in three patients. We review the clinical and behavioral phenotype of such “pure” subterminal 20q deletions. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Upper airway obstruction in neonates and infants with CHARGE syndrome
Authors: Naito Yoko , Higuchi Masataka , Koinuma Goro , Aramaki Michihiko , Takahashi Takao , Kosaki Kenjiro
Published: July 2007

Upper airway obstruction can be life‐threatening in neonates and infants with CHARGE syndrome, many of whom undergo intratracheal intubation early in life. Although some of these patients are successfully extubated, others require tracheotomy. Deciding whether to complete tracheotomy is challenging since there are no clear criteria upon which to base this decision. We assessed 10 infants with CHARGE syndrome, 5 of whom required tracheotomy. Fiberoptic laryngoscopy showed that all of these patients shared certain features: anteroposterior flattening of the larynx; short vocal cords; anteriorly positioned, tall and hypertrophic arytenoids obscuring the glottis; uncoordinated movement of the vocal cords, epiglottis and arytenoids; salivary pooling. In addition, we observed only in those requiring tracheotomy an obstructive supraglottis that prevented visualization of the vocal cords throughout respiration. Salivary retention was much more severe in this group. These findings might be helpful for predicting the need for an early tracheotomy in situations where the vocal cords are not visible throughout the entire respiratory cycle. Given the high prevalence of malformed larynx and abnormal cranial nerve function, which are not alleviated by supraglottoplasty, we suggest that a thorough investigation of upper airway obstructive entities other than laryngomalacia be performed before embarking on supraglottoplasty in patients with CHARGE syndrome. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Agenesis of the corpus callosum, optic coloboma, intractable seizures, craniofacial and skeletal dysmorphisms: An autosomal recessive disorder similar to Temtamy syndrome
Authors: Li Jiang , Shivakumar Shilpa , Wakahiro Mari , Mukherjee Pratik , Barkovich A. James , Slavotinek Anne , Sherr Elliott H.
Published: July 2007

Agenesis of the corpus callosum (ACC) is a common brain anomaly with a birth incidence of at least 1 in 4,000. ACC can occur as an isolated malformation or as a component of a syndrome. Here, we report on an autosomal recessive syndrome with ACC, optic coloboma, craniofacial dysmorphism, skeletal anomalies, and intractable seizures in a brother and sister from a consanguineous family. Homozygosity mapping excluded three genes, VAX1, ASXL2, and ZNF462, which have previously been implicated in ACC with optic coloboma. This case presents many features similar to Temtamy syndrome and will help in establishing the spectrum of this disorder. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Genetic, geographic, and environmental correlates of human temporal bone variation
Authors: Smith Heather F. , Terhune Claire E. , Lockwood Charles A.
Published: July 2007

Temporal bone shape has been shown to reflect molecular phylogenetic relationships among hominoids and offers significant morphological detail for distinguishing taxa. Although it is generally accepted that temporal bone shape, like other aspects of morphology, has an underlying genetic component, the relative influence of genetic and environmental factors is unclear. To determine the impact of genetic differentiation and environmental variation on temporal bone morphology, we used three‐dimensional geometric morphometric techniques to evaluate temporal bone variation in 11 modern human populations. Population differences were investigated by discriminant function analysis, and the strength of the relationships between morphology, neutral molecular distance, geographic distribution, and environmental variables were assessed by matrix correlation comparisons. Significant differences were found in temporal bone shape among all populations, and classification rates using cross‐validation were relatively high. Comparisons of morphological distances to molecular distances based on short tandem repeats (STRs) revealed a significant correlation between temporal bone shape and neutral molecular distance among Old World populations, but not when Native Americans were included. Further analyses suggested a similar pattern for morphological variation and geographic distribution. No significant correlations were found between temporal bone shape and environmental variables: temperature, annual rainfall, latitude, or altitude. Significant correlations were found between temporal bone size and both temperature and latitude, presumably reflecting Bergmann's rule. Thus, temporal bone morphology appears to partially follow an isolation by distance model of evolution among human populations, although levels of correlation show that a substantial component of variation is unexplained by factors considered here. Am J Phys Anthropol 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Brief communication: Infracranial maturation in the skeletal collection from Coimbra, Portugal: New aging standards for epiphyseal union
Authors: Coqueugniot Hélène , Weaver Timothy D.
Published: July 2007

Age at death of a single skeletal individual or a group is essential information in archaeological, paleoanthropological, and forensic contexts. Dental remains are the most commonly used age indicators, but when the dentition is not available, or too few teeth are present for an accurate age assessment, other age indicators such as skeletal maturation must be used. Of particular utility in this regard is the fusion of the epiphyses of the infracranial skeleton. Here we present new aging standards based on the infracranial maturation of individuals from the known age and sex collection from Coimbra, Portugal. We scored infracranial epiphyseal fusion and spheno‐occipital synchondrosis closure (64 loci of ossification in total) on 137 skeletons from individuals between 7 and 29 years old. We further discuss developmental differences between the sexes and similarities and differences between the Coimbra documented collection and other published aging standards. Am J Phys Anthropol 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Which measures of diaphyseal robusticity are robust? A comparison of external methods of quantifying the strength of long bone diaphyses to cross‐sectional geometric properties
Authors: Stock Jay T. , Shaw Colin N.
Published: July 2007

Measures of diaphyseal robusticity have commonly been used to investigate differences in bone strength related to body size, behavior, climate, and other factors. The most common methods of quantifying robusticity involve external diameters, or cross‐sectional geometry. The data derived from these different methods are often used to address similar research questions, yet the compatibility of the resulting data has not been thoroughly tested. This study provides the first systematic comparison of externally derived measures of postcranial robusticity, with those based upon cross‐sectional geometry. It includes sections taken throughout the skeleton, comparisons of prediction errors associated with different measurements, and analysis of the implications of different methods of body size standardization on the prediction of relative bone strength. While the results show reasonable correlations between diaphyseal diameters and strengths derived from cross‐sectional geometry, considerable prediction errors are found in many cases. A new approach to externally based quantification of diaphyseal robusticity based upon moulding of sub‐periosteal contours is proposed. This method maximizes correlation with cross‐sectional geometry (r2 = .998) and minimizes prediction errors in all cases. The results underscore the importance of accurate periosteal measurement in the quantification of bone strength, and suggest that, regardless of theoretical scaling predictions, external area based robusticity estimates involving the product of diaphyseal diameters are most directly comparable to cross‐sectional geometric properties when they are standardized using the product of body mass and bone length. Am J Phys Anthropol 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Die Kolonnen zur Laboratoriumsdestillation. Eine Übersicht über den Entwicklungsstand der Kolonnen zur Destillation im Laboratorium
Authors: Stage F.
Published: July 2007

Während im ersten Teil dieser Arbeit die konstruktiven Belange der Laboratoriumskolonnen behandelt wurden, befaßt sich der nachfolgende zweite Teil mit den verfahrenstechnischen Erfordernissen und Möglichkeiten, insbesondere dem Destillationsdruck und der Destillationstemperatur; im folgenden letzten Teil werden Destillationsvolumen und ‐verfahren besprochen.
Antioxidant defenses preserve membrane transport activity in Chironomus riparius larvae exposed to anoxia
Authors: Forcella Matilde , Berra Elisa , Giacchini Roberto , Parenti Paolo
Published: July 2007

Changes in enzyme activities, metabolite concentrations, and membrane transport activity underlying the Chironomus riparius larvae adaptive response to anoxia were investigated. Trehalose, malate, and aspartate degradation and alanine accumulation were recorded. During anoxia exposure, there was a boost of antioxidant defenses as shown by an increase of the specific activity of the enzymes catalase, glutathione‐S‐transferase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione‐synthase, malic enzyme, and NADP‐dependent isocitrate dehydrogenase. The ratio, glutathione reduced over glutathione oxidized, decreased. Except for alanine and catalase, the parameters return to their basal value when larvae are transferred to normoxic conditions. To test whether antioxidant defenses had protective effects on membrane functionality, l‐leucine uptake into brush border membrane vesicles and membrane lipid peroxidation was measured. No difference between membranes prepared from larvae exposed to anoxia and control larvae was found. The amino acid alanine, when present inside the vesicles, trans‐stimulated leucine uptake. This effect could represent a mechanism to stimulate amino acid uptake and catabolism in vivo when free alanine concentration increases during hypoxic periods. Arch. Insect Biochem. Physiol. 65:181–194, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Cance and luck are not the same
Authors: Wgenaar Willem A. , Kerenm Gideon B.
Published: July 2007

In the mind of many people chance and luck act as real but different causes of events. Even in strictly defined situations as casino gambling, people may perceive influences of luck that help to overcome the negative expectancy defined by the rules of chance. Interviews with gamblers in casinos confirmed this idea.

In two experiments it was established that the distinction between chance and luck are also made by ordinary subjects in everyday situations. The results revealed that chance is perceived to operate when an event is surprising, an unexpected coincidence. Luck is perceived when an event implies the escape from negative consequences, or the achievement of something that is important and difficult.

The distinction between chance and luck can explain why people are trapped by the illusion of control, even when it is clear that they have no influence on the physical causation determining the outcomes of events. They cannot change the outcome of the roulette wheel, but they can employ their luck, which helps them to place their bets on the winning number.
Judgmental forecasting of univariate time series
Authors: Harvey Nigel
Published: July 2007

To forecast numbers appearing in sequence, do people just take some sort of average of past items or do they use temporal pattern information that they have extracted from the sequence? In an experiment, subjects forecast successive numbers generated by a first‐order auto regressive algorithm. Afterwards, they were asked to generate their own series of numbers to simulate the sequence they had been forecasting. It was found that (1) generation performance was good—subjects acquired an internal representation of the pattern in the sequence while forecasting it; (2) generation and forecasting performance were uncorrelated—this internal representation was not used for forecasting; (3) learnt ability to forecast a sequence did not transfer to another sequence that was of the same type but that subjects believed to come from another source; (4) subjects were good at estimating the probability that their forecasts would be correct but this ability declined with practice.
Back to the future: Temporal perspective in the explanation of events
Authors: Mitchell Deborah J. , Edward Russo J. , Pennington Nancy
Published: July 2007

Prospective hindsight involves generating an explanation for a future event as if it had already happened; i.e., one goes forward in time, and then looks back. In order to examine how shifts in perspective might influence people's perceptions of events, we investigated two possible factors: temporal perspective (whether an event is set in the future or past) and uncertainty (whether the event's occurrence is certain or uncertain). In the first experiment, temporal perspective showed little influence while outcome uncertainty strongly affected the nature of explanations for events. Explanations for sure events tended to be longer, to contain a higher proportion of episodic reasons, and to be expressed in past tense. Evidence from the second experiment supports the view that uncertainty mediates not the amount of time spent explaining, but rather subjects' choice of explanation type. The implications of these findings for the use of temporal perspective in decision aiding are discussed.
Groupthink and the space shuttle challenger accident: Toward a quantitative case analysis
Authors: Esser James K. , Lindoerfer Joanne S.
Published: July 2007

Research on historical cases of policy decisions thought to involve groupthink nearly always has been qualitative, rather than quantitative. We propose that observable antecedents and consequences can be used to code incidents in a group's decision process, thereby providing the basis for more rigorous, quantitative analyses. As a first step toward such a quantitative case analysis, we coded statements from the investigative report on the space shuttle Challenger accident as positive or negative instances of the observable antecedents and consequences of groupthink. Positive instances of groupthink were twice as frequent as negative instances. More importantly, during the 24 hours prior to launch the ratio of positive to negative instances increased, then remained high. These results are consistent with the notion that the decision to launch the Challenger involved groupthink and provide a first step toward more rigorous quantitative analysis of historical or current decision processes.
An elicitation method for multiple linear regression models
Authors: Garthwaite Paul H. , Dickey James M.
Published: July 2007

This paper describes a method of quantifying subjective opinion about a normal linear regression model. Opinion about the regression coefficients and experimental error is elicited and modeled by a multivariate probability distribution (a Bayesian conjugate prior distribution). The distribution model is richly parameterized and various assessment tasks are used to estimate its parameters. These tasks include the revision of opinion in the light of hypothetical data, the assessment of credible intervals, and a task commonly performed in cue‐weighting experiments. A new assessment task is also introduced. In addition, implementation of the method in an interactive computer program is described and the method is illustrated with a practical example.
Cognitive components in risk perception: Natural versus manmade risks
Authors: Brun Wibecke
Published: July 2007

In a questionnaire study 106 Norwegian students rated natural and manmade hazards according to risk magnitude and public versus private responsibility for risk management. Another group of 50 subjects judged 36 natural hazards on nine risk dimensions used in previous psychometric studies of ‘manmade risks’. When ratings on nine risk characteristics for natural hazards were factor analyzed a three‐dimensional solution was found, with one active/passive dimension, one potency dimension, and one novelty dimension. This contrasts with the two‐dimensional solution found for manmade hazards. Responsibility for risk management was found to be related to the type of risk in focus, and different risk characteristics seem to play different roles for manmade and natural hazards.
Provision of step‐level public goods with continuous contribution
Authors: Suleiman Ramzi , Rapoport Amnon
Published: July 2007

Twelve groups of five subjects each participated in a nonco‐operative game in which each member of a group receives the same endowment and must then decide independently and anonymously how much of it to contribute to the group benefit. Regardless of the size of his or her contribution, each member receives the same reward if, and only if, the sum of contributions is equal to or larger than a prespecified provision threshold. The results show that the level of contribution depends on the provision threshold, and that it increases when contributions are not restricted to be all‐or‐none. We present, discuss, and competitively test two models for this class of social dilemmas, one postulating maximization of expected utility and the other yielding an equitable solution.
Experiences extended across time: Evaluation of moments and episodes
Authors: Varey Carol , Kahneman Daniel
Published: July 2007

Intuitions relating to outcomes extended over time are examined. Utility integration is proposed as a normative rule for the evaluation of extended episodes. In Experiment 1, subjects explicitly compared aversive experiences of varying durations. By several measures, disutility was a marginally decreasing function of episode duration, even for experiences that were thought to become increasingly aversive. This pattern is a qualitative violation of the integration rule. In Experiment 2, subjects made global evaluations of a hypothetical person's aversive experiences, on the basis of a series of subjective ratings of discomfort made at periodic intervals. The results showed an extreme sensitivity to improving or deteriorating trend and a striking neglect of duration. The final moments of an extended episode appear to exert a strong influence on the overall judgment. This leads to violations of monotonicity when adding some moments of moderate pain reduces judgments of global aversiveness.
A case study of expert judgment: Economists' probabilities versus base‐rate model forecasts
Authors: Braun Phillip A. , Yaniv Ilan
Published: July 2007

In this case study of economists' forecasts concerning economic downturn, we examine key issues concerning the psychology of prediction and the controversy surrounding the value of expertise in forecasting. We examine when experts' knowledge promotes forecast accuracy and whether biases found in psychological studies (including underutilization of relevant base rates and tendencies to extreme prediction) occur in these economic forecasts. Experts' forecasts were compared to forecasts derived from base‐rate models that relied on the historical frequencies of economic downturns. The performance patterns of the experts and models crossed over the forecast horizon. Experts outperformed models in shorter‐term forecasting, whereas models outperformed experts in longer‐term forecasting. These results highlight the abilities and limits of experts and models in prediction and the sources of their inaccuracy.
Procedural fairness and profit seeking: The perceived legitimacy of market exploitation
Authors: Bies Robert J. , Tripp Thomas M. , Neale Margaret A.
Published: July 2007

Recent studies by Kahneman et al. (1986a, b) present consistent evidence that the economically rational decision of market exploitation is perceived as unfair by individuals. Further, these fairness judgments are influenced by the sign of the outcome—that is, an outcome coded as a gain is perceived as fairer than an objectively similar outcome coded as a loss, particularly when they occur for the benefit of the exploiter. As an extension of the Kahneman et al. research, we examine the influence of both outcome sign and information about the procedures used to allocate the outcome on individual judgements of market exploitation. Replicating Kahneman et al., we found that market exploitation is judged as unfair, and that such judgements are influences by the subjective coding (as gains or losses) of objectively similar outcomes. In addition, we found that procedural information also influences judgements of market exploitation. The implications of these results are discussed.
Evaluation of job candidates with missing information: Effects of attribute importance and interattribute correlation
Authors: Jagacinski Carolyn M.
Published: July 2007

How do people make evaluations when important items of information are missing? In the context of personnel evaluations or product evaluations, researchers have proposed that decision makers may predict the missing attribute based on its assumed relationship to attributes that are present. In addition, some researchers have suggested that there is a penalty for missing information. An experiment was conducted to investigate the influence of the importance of the missing attribute on the hypothesized inference effect. Hypothetical job candidates were evaluated based on one or two attributes. The correlation between the attributes was varied between groups of subjects as was the importance of one of the attributes. The pattern of ratings of candidates with missing information varied significantly with the correlation condition when the missing attribute was very important, but did not vary as much when the missing attribute was less important. The results were generally consistent with the predictions of the Inferred Information Model (Johnson and Levin, 1985). On average, candidates with missing information were rated lower than comparable candidates with complete information and the missing attribute at an average level.
Escalation in organizational decision making a case of recruiting an incompetent employee
Authors: Drummond Helga
Published: July 2007

This paper analyses a case of hiring a manager who subsequently proves to be incompetent. Analysis reveals the importance of structural factors in escalation, especially politics. When these are considered, persistence emerges as both escalatory and rational. Likewise, behaviours manifest of information bias are actually logical managerial strategies and may mask political calculation. New potential escalation variables are identified including power, visibility, and organization culture. Withdrawal reflects an intricate balancing of factors including risk and opportunity. The theoretical implications of the findings are discussed.
Arguments in the practical reasoning underlying constructed probability responses
Authors: Curley Shawn P. , Browne Glenn J. , Smith Gerald F. , George Benson P.
Published: July 2007

Reasoning is an important cognitive activity in probability assessment, and one that has been understudied. This proposition motivates the paper's three general aims. First, based on research in rhetoric, we present a theoretical means of analyzing the arguments constructed during the reasoning that occurs in probability assessment. Second, from verbal protocol data, we establish that subjects constructed arguments in forming beliefs and assessing the associated probabilities. Third, we analyze the data for the structure of subject's arguments, including argument content and form. Subjects used a limited amount of relevant evidence and used a variety of argument forms that could be characterized by the nature of the knowledge that subjects brought to bear in forming the arguments. Subjects predominantly used causal reasoning, but also employed hierarchical category knowledge, resemblance relationships, and arguments from authority. These findings form a basis for expanding our accounts of probability assessment and for improving assessment practice.
Pervasiveness of framing effects among physicians and medical students
Authors: Christensen Caryn , Heckerung Paul , Mackesy‐Amiti Mary E. , Bernstein Lionel M. , Elstein Arthur S.
Published: July 2007

Researchers have been documenting the influence of framing upon decision making for more than two decades; decisions appear to change in response to superficial changes in the presentation of possible outcomes. Several studies of medical decision making have revealed; for instance, that clinical decisions differ when options are presented as gains (survival rates) rather than losses (mortality rates). However, most studies of framing effects in the medical domain have utilized a very limited number of clinical problems that have not allowed an adequate test of the prevalence of the phenomena. To extend previous studies, we presented three groups of subjects (experienced internists, residents, and third‐year medical students) with booklets containing twelve hypothetical medical cases. Half of the subjects received gain versions and half received loss versions of the same cases. Chi‐square analyses revealed that framing did not influence any of the decisions of medical students and influenced the decisions of residents and experienced physicians on only two of the clinical problems (the same two problems). It appears that the prevalence of framing effects in the clinical domain may be limited.
Prediction of the Candida antarctica Lipase A Protein Structure by Comparative Modeling and Site‐Directed Mutagenesis
Authors: Kasrayan Alex , Bocola Marco , Sandström Anders G. , Lavén Gaston , Bäckvall Jan‐E.
Published: July 2007

A number of model structures of the CalA suggested by comparative modeling were tested by site‐directed mutagenesis. Enzyme variants were created where amino acids predicted to play key roles for the lipase activity in the different models were replaced by an inert amino acid (alanine). The results from activity measurements of the overproduced and purified mutant enzymes indicate a structure where the active site consists of amino acid residues Ser184, His366, and Asp334 and in which there is no lid. This model can be used for future targeted modifications of the enzyme to obtain new substrate acceptance, better thermostability, and higher enantioselectivity.
Plaque vulnerability and related coronary event prediction by intravascular ultrasound with virtual histology: “It's a long way to tipperary”?
Authors: Sangiorgi Giuseppe M. , Clementi Fabrizio , Cola Clarissa , Biondi‐Zoccai Giusseppe
Published: July 2007

Identification of so‐called “vulnerable plaque” or “high‐risk” plaques have spawned manifold attempts to develop diagnostic tools capable to afford this task. This task is particularly challenging but the reward is high: local intervention on identified “vulnerable plaque” could preclude plaque thrombosis and possibly prevent acute coronary syndromes. Various imaging techniques are currently under investigation by extensive clinical testing to identify which could become the most sensible and specific modality for vulnerable plaque detection. Noninvasive techniques are fascinating for their easily applicability to a broad population but nowadays are not sufficiently powered for this task. The emerging technologies with the greatest resolution are indeed catheter‐based and many intravascular modalities have been developed for identification of “vulnerable plaque”. Among these, IVUS‐Virtual Histology™™ (IVUS‐VH) is the most promising technique in the field. IVUS‐VH offers an in vivo opportunity to assess plaque morphology and histology. IVUS‐VH uses underlying frequency information along with echoes intensity, while grey‐scale IVUS data are obtained from echoes of different intensity or amplitude. The major advantage of IVUS‐VH is that it is based on a device that is practical for use in the clinical setting and that it generates a real‐time assessment of plaque morphology. Unfortunately, numerous challenging issues still need to be overcome until the numerous “vulnerable plaques” could be identified and successfully treated. Future efforts may identify plaques that are on a trajectory of evolution toward a vulnerable state, and help us target interventions to those plaques most likely to develop plaque disruption and related complications. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Persistent sciatic artery—A curious vascular anomaly
Authors: Patel Samir N. , Reilly J.P.
Published: July 2007

A persistent sciatic artery (PSA) is a rare vascular anomaly not extensively described in the interventional cardiology literature. Because of its vulnerable position, it is associated with a high risk of aneurysm formation, making it prone to thrombus formation with subsequent arterial insufficiency because of distal embolization. We report the case of an 80‐year‐old woman who was found to have bilateral PSA with unilateral aneurysm and evidence of possible distal embolization on conventional angiography. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
ChemInform Abstract: An Emission Spectrum of the InO+ Molecular Ion
Authors: BALFOUR W. J. , SAKSENA M. D.
Published: July 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: On BaPtLa2O5 (I) and BaNiY2O5 (II).
Authors: MUELLER‐BUSCHBAUM HK. , SCHLUETER D.
Published: July 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Entropy and Crystal Structure of Hydrates of Disodium Hydrogen Phosphate.
Authors: TEMPLETON D. H. , RUBEN H. W. , ZALKIN A.
Published: July 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Superconducting Cuprates and Related Oxides. Part 2. Profile Refinement of Neutron Powder Diffraction Data.
Authors: CHRISTENSEN A. N. , LEBECH B.
Published: July 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Electrochemical Reduction of Carbon Dioxide at Various Metal Electrodes in Aqueous Potassium Hydrogen Carbonate Solution.
Authors: NODA H. , IKEDA S. , ODA Y. , IMAI K. , MAEDA M. , ITO K.
Published: July 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Proton‐Loaded Zeolites. Part 1. HX (X: Cl, Br, I) in Sodium Zeolite Y Archetype: Packaged Acids on the Road to Intrazeolite Semiconductors
Authors: OZIN G. A. , OEZKAR S. , STUCKY G. D.
Published: July 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Two‐Photon Fluorescence Excitation Spectra of Indole in Vapor and Jet: 1La States.
Authors: SAMMETH D. M. , YAN S. , SPANGLER L. H. , CALLIS P. R.
Published: July 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Counting Independent Conjugated Circuits in Benzenoid Hydrocarbons
Authors: GUTMAN I.
Published: July 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Kinetics and Thermochemistry of the sec‐C4H9 + HBr ⇌ n‐C4H10 + Br Equilibrium
Authors: SEETULA J. A. , GUTMAN D.
Published: July 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric Catalysis. Part 58. Enantioselective S‐H and C‐H Insertions with Optically Active Rh(II) and Cu(II) Catalysts.
Authors: BRUNNER H. , WUTZ K. , DOYLE M. P.
Published: July 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Regiocontrolled Nucleophilic Addition to the Carbonyl and Imino Groups in the Reaction of 2‐Arylamino‐2‐methoxy‐1‐phenylethanones with Simple Lithium Ester Enolates.
Authors: ALCAIDE B. , RODRIGUEZ‐LOPEZ J. , MONGE A. , PEREZ‐GARCIA V.
Published: July 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Chemistry of Aldolate Dianions. Effects of β‐Heteroatom Substituents on Ketone Enolization.
Authors: MARTIN V. A. , MURRAY D. H. , PRATT N. E. , ZHAO Y. , ALBIZATI K. F.
Published: July 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Experimental Study of HCN+ and HNC+ Ion Chemistry.
Authors: PETRIE S. , FREEMAN C. G. , MEOT‐NER M. , MCEWAN M. J. , FERGUSON E. E.
Published: July 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Vinyl Ethers with an Isothiocyanate Group. Part 4. Electrophilic Addition of Polyfluoroalkanols.
Authors: NEDOLYA N. A. , GERASIMOVA V. V. , IL'ICHEVA L. N.
Published: July 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Improved Synthesis of 1,2‐Dimethoxy‐3‐isopropylbenzene and General Synthesis of 3‐Substituted 1,2‐Dimethoxybenzenes.
Authors: DECK L. M. , BRAZWELL E. M. , VANDER JAGT D. L. , ROYER R. E.
Published: July 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Some Reactions of 3‐Trichloromethyl‐4,5‐ dichloroisothiazole.
Authors: KABERDIN R. V. , POTKIN V. I. , OL'DEKOP YU. A.
Published: July 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: A General Synthesis of 2‐Alkyl(aryl)‐4‐morpholinopyridines
Authors: ARMITAGE M. A. , MITCHELL M. B.
Published: July 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Some 1,4‐Dihydropyridine Derivatives and Their Calcium Antagonistic Activity.
Authors: SAFAK C. , SAHIN I. , SUNAL R.
Published: July 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: New Aspects of Synthesis of the Compounds with P‐C Bonds.
Authors: KORMACHEV V. V. , VASILYEVA T. V. , MITRASOV Y. N.
Published: July 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Chemistry of C‐Phosphorylated Thioformic Acid Derivatives.
Authors: KOWALENKO L. W. , BUWASHKINA N. I.
Published: July 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: New Reactions of Halogenphosphoranes with Quinones.
Authors: KUTYREV A. A. , BIRUKOV V. V. , FOMIN S. G. , MOSKVA V. V.
Published: July 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Pseudochalcogeno Compounds. Part 24. Cyanamido Trimetaphosphimates.
Authors: KOEHLER H. , AHMED S. , JAEGER L.
Published: July 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: New Aspects in the Chemistry of Some Cyclic Esters of Alkylphosphonates.
Authors: YUAN C. Y. , LI S. S. , LIAO X. G. , CHENG Z. Y.
Published: July 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Prostanoids. Part 33. Investigation of the Possibilities of the Chemo‐ and Stereoselective Reduction of the Methyl Esters of (.+‐.)‐1‐Homo‐3, 4‐cis‐didehydro‐16‐phenoxy‐ or ‐16‐m‐chlorophenoxy‐17,18,19,20‐ tetranor‐9,15‐diketo‐13,14‐trans‐prostenoic Acids.
Authors: TOLSTIKOV G. A. , MIFTAKHOV M. S. , SIDOROV N. N. , KUCHIN A. V. , SPIRIKHIN L. V. , ORLOV V. E. , SIDOROVA L. V. , VOSTRIKOV N. S.
Published: July 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Spin Pairing and Magnetic Coupling in Quasi One‐Dimensional Semiconductors with a Trimeric Stacking Structure. Structural, Charge‐ Transport, and Magnetic Studies of (Ni(tatbp))3(ReO4)2×C10H7Cl and (Cu(tatbp))3(ReO4)2×C10H7Cl.
Authors: GODFREY M. R. , NEWCOMB T. P. , HOFFMAN B. M. , IBERS J. A.
Published: July 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: New Aspects of Stereoselective Synthesis of 1,3‐Polyols
Authors: OISHI T. , NAKATA T.
Published: July 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Photoelectrochemical Properties of Semiconducting Cadmium Mercury Telluride Thin Films with Bandgaps Between 1.47 and 1.08 eV.
Authors: NEUMANN‐SPALLART M. , TAMIZHMANI G. , LEVY‐CLEMENT C.
Published: July 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Diffusion of Electronic Defects in Calcia‐Stabilized Zirconia from a Desorption Rate Study.
Authors: DOU S. , MASSON C. R. , PACEY P. D.
Published: July 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Vibrational Studies of the Disulfide Group in Proteins. Part 3. A Simplified ab initio Force Field for Diethyl Disulfide and SS and CS Stretch Frequency‐Conformation Correlations for Diisobutyl Disulfide.
Authors: ZHAO W. , BANDEKAR J. , KRIMM S.
Published: July 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.