bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
When Politics and Family Collide: A Two-Wave Prospective Study
Authors: Chan Christian Shaunlyn , Wong Jenny W. S. , Poon Cyanea Y. S.
Published: October 2018

What happens when family members disagree on politics? This prospective study examined the impact of incongruence in political attitude about political issues on familial conflicts, and vice versa. We tested relationship quality as a protective moderator. We used Hong Kong’s recent political movements as the context and asked participants about their conflict with their parent. Data were collected from 185 young adults who co-reside with at least one parent or guardian (69.7% female, mean age = 21.3) in May (T1) and June (T2), 2015. Results suggest that the likelihood and seriousness of conflicts arising from political issues at T2 were predicted by T1 political attitude congruence and T1 relationship quality. Moderation analyses revealed that youths with lower political attitude congruence and lower relationship quality had more, and more serious, conflicts at T2. Results also suggest that the frequency of conflict led to a decrease in political attitude congruence.
RZ Interval as an Impedance Cardiography Indicator of Effort-Related Cardiac Sympathetic Activity
Authors: Silvia Paul , McHone Ashley , Mironovová Zuzana , Eddington Kari , Harper Kelly , Sperry Sarah Havens , Kwapil Thomas Richard
Published: October 2018

Research on effort and motivation commonly assesses how the sympathetic branch of the autonomic nervous system affects the cardiovascular system. The cardiac pre-ejection period (PEP), assessed via impedance cardiography, is a common outcome, but assessing PEP requires identifying subtle points on cardiac waveforms. The present research examined the value of the RZ interval (RZ), which has recently been proposed as an indicator of sympathetic activity, for effort research. Also known as the initial systolic time interval (ISTI), RZ is the time (in ms) between the ECG R peak and the dZ/dt Z peak. Unlike PEP, RZ involves salient waveform points that are easily and reliably identified. Data from two experiments evaluated the suitability of RZ for effort paradigms and compared it to a popular automated PEP method. In Studies 1 (n = 89) and 2 (n = 71), participants completed a standard appetitive task in which each correct response earned a small amount of cash. As expected, incentives significantly affected PEP and RZ in both experiments. PEP and RZ were highly correlated (all rs ≥ .89), and RZ consistently yielded a larger effect size than PEP. In Study 3, a quantitative synthesis of the experiments indicated that the effect size of RZ’s response to incentives (Hedges’s g = .432 [.310, .554]) was roughly 15% larger than PEP’s effect size (g = .376 [.256, .496]). RZ thus appears promising for future research on sympathetic aspects of effort-related cardiac activity.
Gain-loss framing enhances mnemonic discrimination in preschoolers
Authors: Ngo Chi , Newcombe Nora , Olson Ingrid R.
Published: October 2018

Episodic memory relies on discriminating among similar elements of episodes. Mnemonic discrimination is relatively poor at age 4, and then improves markedly. We investigated whether motivation to encode items with fine grain resolution would change this picture of development, using an engaging computer-administered memory task in which a bird ate items that made the bird healthier (gain frame), sicker (loss frame), or led to no change (control condition). Using gain-loss framing led to enhanced mnemonic discrimination in 4- and 5-year-olds, but did not affect older children or adults. Despite this differential improvement, age-related differences persisted. An additional finding was that loss framing led to greater mnemonic discrimination than gain framing across age groups. Motivation only partially accounts for development in mnemonic discrimination.
Apples to apples? Neural correlates of emotion regulation differences between high and low risk adolescents
Authors: Perino Michael T. , Guassi Moreira Joao F , McCormick Ethan , Telzer Eva H.
Published: October 2018

Adolescence has been noted as a period of increased risk taking. The literature on normative neurodevelopment implicates aberrant activation of affective and regulatory regions as key to inhibitory failures. However, many of these studies have not included adolescents engaging in high rates of risky behavior, making generalizations to the most at-risk populations potentially problematic. We conducted a comparative study of non-delinquent community (N=24, Mage = 15.8 years, 12 female) and delinquent adolescents (N=24, Mage = 16.2 years, 12 female) who completed a cognitive control task during fMRI, where behavioral inhibition was assessed in the presence of appetitive and aversive socioaffective cues. Community adolescents showed poorer behavioral regulation to appetitive relative to aversive cues, whereas the delinquent sample showed the opposite pattern. Recruitment of the inferior frontal gyrus, medial prefrontal cortex, and tempoparietal junction differentiated community and high-risk adolescents, as delinquent adolescents showed significantly greater recruitment when inhibiting their responses in the presence of aversive cues, while the community sample showed greater recruitment when inhibiting their responses in the presence of appetitive cues. Accounting for behavioral history may be key in understanding when adolescents will have regulatory difficulties, highlighting a need for comparative research into normative and non-normative risk-taking trajectories.
Comparative study on litter production and nutrient return to soil in Tarai and Hill Sal (Shorea robusta Gaertn.) forests of eastern Nepal
Authors: Bhattarai K. P. , Mandal T. N.
Published: October 2018

Litter production and nutrient return to soil through litter fall is important pathway for the regulation of nutrient cycling and primary production of the forest. Litter fall dynamics is generally influenced by phenology of tree species, seasons and altitude of the forest stand. As most of the information on litter production are from temperate and dry tropical region. A comparative study on litter production and nutrient return were conducted in Terai Sal forest (TSF) and Hill Sal forest (HSF) located in moist tropical region of eastern Nepal. Litter samples were collected from the litter traps (1m × 1m size) placed randomly in the forest. Collection was done at two months interval for one year. Annual litterfall in TSF (8.82 Mg ha-1y-1) was significantly (p < 0.001) higher than in HSF (7.18 Mg ha-1y-1).There was distinct seasonality in litter production. In TSF and HSF, litterfall was maximum in the summer (6.57 Mg ha-1 and 5.05 Mg ha-1, respectively) and minimum in winter season (0.86 Mg ha-1 and 0.72 Mg ha-1, respectively). Amount of nutrient return to forest soil through litter fall (kg ha-1 y-1) was higher in TSF (72.44 N, 6.80 P and 33.23 K) than HSF (54.31 N, 4.84 P and 22.23 K). The difference in litter production between these two forests was influenced by the phenology of dominant tree species, variation in altitude and seasons. Nutrient return through litter fall is a great input of nutrients in soil which is required for production process. Thus, litter constitutes a significant role in forest management.Banko JanakariA Journal of Forestry Information for NepalVol. 28, No. 1, 2018, page: 11-19
Distribution pattern of tree species from tropical to temperate regions in Makawanpur district, central Nepal
Authors: Bhattarai S. , Bhatta B. , Tamang R.
Published: October 2018

Tree species are the dominant component of forest ecosystems which influence most structural and functional attributes of these ecosystems. This study aims to document distribution pattern of forest types and their composition from tropical region at Hetauda (550 m asl) to temperate region above Simbhangyang (2500 m asl) of Makawanpur district, central Nepal. The carbon stock in the living biomass of tree  species was estimated using an allometric equation while the biodiversity index was calculated using Shannon-Wiener Biodiversity index. A total of 62 species of trees belonging to 51 genera was recorded. Shorea forest was dominant in lower elevation while Quercus forest, Alnus-Rhododendron, Quercus-Lyonia and Quercus-Symplocos forests at higher elevation. Similarly, Castanopsis tribuloides has the widest distribution range (570 m to 2240 m asl) followed by Shorea robusta, Lagerstroemia parviflora, Trichilia connaroides, Syzigium jambos, Castanopsis indica, Schima wallichii etc. The highest number of tree species was recorded at 550 m elevation. Estimated carbon stocks were ranged from 0.85 — 53.37 t/ha with the mean value 24.98 t/ha. The values of Shannon-Wiener Biodiversity index ranged from 1.23— 2.78. There was positive relationship between carbon stock and biodiversity index (R2 = 0.40, p = 0.03). People have been practicing community forest management to support sustainability of harvesting in the study area.Banko JanakariA Journal of Forestry Information for NepalVol. 28, No. 1, 2018, page: 20-25
Pterospermum truncatolobatum Gagnepain (Sterculaceae): A new addition to the flora of Nepal
Authors: Basnet B. K. , Siwakoti M.
Published: October 2018

Not available.Banko JanakariA Journal of Forestry Information for NepalVol. 28, No. 1, 2018, page: 48-49
Células madre mesenquimales para la regeneración de tejidos: ¿Por qué siguen siendo una promesa sin cumplir?
Authors: Hugo Escobar Carlos
Published: October 2018

Desde su descripción inicial, hace ya más de 40 años, las células madre mesenquimales (MSC) fueron reconocidas como una importante alternativa para el manejo de enfermedades caracterizadas por la pérdida aguda o crónica de tejido, gracias a su capacidad de proliferación y diferenciación, lo cual les permitiría sustituir las células perdidas y de esta forma recuperar la estructura y función. Cada vez es más abundante la evidencia que sugiere el potencial de estas células para el manejo de un amplio grupo de enfermedades, al menos en modelos experimentales preclínicos. No obstante, esta capacidad no ha podido refrendarse contundente y consistentemente en ensayos clínicos. Con la presente revisión, se pretende presentar una visión del estado actual del desarrollo conceptual en torno a las capacidades terapéuticas de las MSC y un análisis crítico de algunos de los factores, que han impedido que estas sean una opción terapéutica usable en la práctica clínica diaria.
Extrasístoles ventriculares: relación deflexión intrinsecoide / QRS para discriminar el origen
Authors: Olaya Alejandro , Sánchez Jorge , Nieto Jaime , Díaz Andrés
Published: October 2018

Introducción: las taquicardias ventriculares (TV) y complejos ventriculares prematuros (CVP) de los tractos de salida (TS) son arritmias ventriculares más frecuentes que se producen en el corazón estructuralmente sano. El manejo intervencionista con ablación es el tratamiento que en casos seleccionados ha demostrado tener mayor efectividad terapéutica; para optimizar el lugar de ablación sobre el foco de origen  se han conformado ayudas complementarias a los estudios de extensión. Objetivo: proponer una herramienta para discriminar tempranamente el origen de las extrasístoles ventriculares provenientes de los tractos de salida a partir del cálculo del valor de la relación deflexión intrinsecoide/QRS medida en extrasístoles ventriculares en V6. Materiales y métodos: se realizó un estudio de corte transversal, en pacientes con diagnóstico de CVP llevados a estudio electrofisiológico más ablación exitosa. Se midió la deflexión intrinsecoide y se relacionó con el tiempo total del QRS en V6. Resultados: a partir de los análisis de los puntos del corte se estableció un valor de la relación deflexión intrisecoide/qrs menor  o igual a 0.67 para el ventrículo derecho y mayor o igual a o.68 para el ventrículo izquierdo. El análisis de los datos registró una correcta clasificación de los pacientes en el 80% de los casos.  Conclusiones: este estudio propone una herramienta corta y sencilla de aplicar, que intenta predecir el origen de estas arritmias a partir de unas mediciones  realizadas en un electrocardiograma en que se muestre dicha extrasístole ventricular en V6, en donde es obtener posible origen del foco arritmogénico antes del procedimiento intervencionista.
Características del ciberacoso y psicopatología de las víctimas
Authors: Torres Montilla Yormar , Mejia Montilla Jorly , Reyna Villasmil Eduardo
Published: October 2018

El ciberacoso es una nueva forma de intimidación y acoso diferente a las formas tradicionales, que ha demostrado efectos sobre la aparición de psicopatologías. Las experiencias previas o actuales de acoso tradicional se asocian con la aparición de conductas que pueden llevar a la aparición de víctimas y/o agresores por internet o por diferentes medios electrónicos de comunicación, ya que parece haber mayor facilidad para que se produzca el proceso de intimidación y que luego de un tiempo las víctimas se conviertan en agresores, lo que es más común que en el acoso tradicional. Las víctimas y los agresores tienen problemas emocionales, psicosomáticos, dificultades sociales y académicas. La psicopatología que se produce incluye estrés emocional, ansiedad social, consumo de sustancias psico-activas y se relaciona con la aparición de tendencias suicidas. Se deben realizar estudios para evaluar los diferentes factores que pueden favorecer el ciberacoso tanto en grupos de niños y adolescentes como en adultos, en un intento por evitar o limitar los efectos, ya que no existe consenso claro en la literatura sobre cómo prevenir o gestionar los efectos del ciberacoso en las victimas. El objetivo de esta revisión fue evaluar las posibles asociaciones entre las características del ciberacoso y la psicopatología de las víctimas.
Reportes y series de casos en patología: una mirada más allá de la H&E
Authors: Parra Medina Rafael , Romero Rojas Alfredo
Published: October 2018

Los primeros reportes y series de casos en patología aparecen en la medicina egipcia en los papiros de Edwin Smith (siglo 17 AC) y de Ebers (alrededor de 1550 AC). Desde aquellos tiempos pasando por Hipócrates, Aristóteles, Avicena, Harvey, Morgani y Virchow, entre otros ilustres médicos, el patólogo ha descrito sus observaciones a través de reportes y series de casos. Esta contribución científica ha sido fundamental en el desarrollo de la medicina moderna y de la investigación básica aplicada a la clínica.1  A lo largo del tiempo estas publicaciones han sido y serán una fuente de educación para informar enfermedades nuevas o reclasificar entidades previamente descritas en términos de nuevas clasificaciones, las cuales han cambiado basadas en el comportamiento biológico o en nuevos hallazgos de la biología molecular o la genética. El objetivo de estos estudios es comunicar sobre la evaluación, el diagnóstico, el tratamiento y el pronóstico de las enfermedades, e incluso mejorar muchos aspectos de la educación médica.
How the prison is a black box in punishment theory
Authors: Kerr Lisa
Published: October 2018

The field of punishment theory promises to deal with the question of whether state punishment can be justified and on what grounds. In this field, punishment is rarely conceptualized as imprisonment. Even in the more practical subfield of sentencing theory, the realities of prison conditions rarely appear. Legal actors borrow the vocabulary of punishment and sentencing theory, proceeding as if theories speak to and justify the practice of imposing custodial sanctions and imprisonment generally. This article tries to explain how the fields of punishment and sentencing theory largely avoid the prison. The question, in a sense, is how a field can evade what is ostensibly its own subject matter. What this critique means is that sentencing authorities and other legal actors should turn away from punishment theory – or should look well beyond its boundaries – when they are thinking through the legitimacy and severity of the custodial sanctions they are imposing and administering.
Система управління ефективністю діяльності підприємств, її особливості та проблеми застосування в Україні
Authors: Potiy V. Z. , Kulish H. P.
Published: October 2018

Стаття присвячена питанням, пов’язаним із особливостями використання концепції управління ефективністю діяльності як прогресивного підходу до прийняття управлінських рішень щодо покращення здатності компанії оцінювати свій фінансовий стан і підвищувати кінцевий фінансовий результат.
Інвестиційний потенціал економіки України та країн ЄС
Authors: Bilousova O. S.
Published: October 2018

У статті розкрито сутність інвестиційного потенціалу економіки, ресурсного і витратного підходів до його оцінювання. Проаналізовано статистичні показники, що відображають інвестиційний потенціал в країнах ЄС і Україні (рівень нагромадження основного капіталу сектором нефінансових корпорацій, частка прибутку сектору нефінансових корпорацій). Розроблено пропозиції щодо удосконалення системи показників статистики інвестицій.
Вибір інвестиційних проектів методом Монте-Карло за наявності ризику
Authors: Sinytskyi M. E. , Motsnyi F. V.
Published: October 2018

Розглянута балансна модель інвестиційного проекту з дисконтуванням. Проаналізовані проекти зі слабкою і сильною кореляцією параметрів чистої приведеної вартості. Виявлена методом Монте-Карло чітка градація проектів за ризиком. Встановлено, що при виборі проекту необхідно враховувати кореляційні ефекти, застосувавши багатовимірну імітацію.
Можливості статистичних методів для дослідження взаємозв’язків суспільно-економічних явищ і процесів
Authors: Prydannykova Yu. Е.
Published: October 2018

Досліджено можливості застосування статистичних методів для кількісного вивчення залежності суспільно-економічних явищ та процесів. Для статистичного аналізу взаємозв’язків запропоновано використовувати поряд із методом кореляційно-регресійного аналізу метод статистичних рівнянь залежностей.
Теоретичні основи соціальної відповідальності підприємства
Authors: Borycki K.
Published: October 2018

В статті розкрито теоретичні основи соціальної відповідальності підприємства, розглянуто тлумачення терміна “соціальний”. Проаналізовано моделі соціальної відповідальності підприємства та системи соціальної відповідальності. Доведено, що схема системи соціальної відповідальності підприємств працюватиме ефективно та сприятиме реалізації цілей організації, якщо вона матиме риси відкритої системи, якій притаманна взаємодія з оточенням. Водночас із цим, згідно із системним напрямком сучасних теорій управління, сприймаючи підприємство як однорідну, цільову систему, слід пам’ятати, що всі внутрішні дії, які проходять в одному елементі системи, мають наслідки для інших її елементів.
Місце та роль промо-акції в системі маркетингових комунікацій підприємства
Authors: Pitinova Т. В. , Khyzhnyak К. В.
Published: October 2018

Проведення промо-акції вимагає детального опрацювання і постійного контролю, оскільки цей інструмент маркетингових комунікацій здатний вплинути як позитивно, так і негативно на ставлення споживача до компанії. У статті визначено поняття промо-акції, її сутність та роль у системі маркетингових комунікацій, виведено критерії планування та проведення ефективної промо-акції.
Співпраця між Україною та Республікою Польща: економіко-дипломатичний аспект
Authors: Ryeznikov V. V. , Ryeznikov V. V.
Published: October 2018

Стан та перспективи економіко-дипломатичних відносин між Україною та Республікою Польща досліджено шляхом аналізу документів, пов’язаних із дипломатичною та економічною співпрацею між двома країнами після здобуття ними політичної незалежності, а також статистичних даних про взаємну торгівлю товарами і послугами та взаємні прямі інвестиції.
Оцінювання ризиків при проведенні аудиту
Authors: Dorosh N. I.
Published: October 2018

У статті розкрито сутність підприємницького ризику та методи управління ризиками суб'єкта господарювання. Висвітлено вплив ризиків на достовірність фінансової звітності. Підкреслено взаємозалежність між  вказаними ризиками та ризиком взяття зобов 'язань з аудиту й аудиторським ризиком. Визначено чинники, які впливають на аудиторське рішення про прийняття нового або продовження об- слуговування вже існуючого клієнта.
Вартісна модель оцінки ризику припинення діяльності підприємств у аудиті
Authors: Selishchev S. V.
Published: October 2018

У статті досліджено підхід до оцінки ризику припинення діяльності підприємства шляхом побудови вартісної моделі. Така модель надає аудитору інформацію про розуміння та адекватність сприйняття управлінським персоналом факторів впливу на зміну вартості активів і зобов 'язань, а також методів, за допомогою яких можна найбільш ефективно та достовірно її визначити. На основі такої інформації аудитор може оцінити адекватність застосування припущення про безперервність діяльності підприємства при підготовці управлінським персоналом фінансових звітів.
Чинники формування та регулювання доходів населення України в контексті становлення середнього класу
Authors: Ihnatenko Т. S.
Published: October 2018

Досліджено структуру та динаміку доходів населення України; проаналізовано стан державного регулювання доходів та заробітної плати; проведено оцінювання рівня зайнятості як передумови збільшення доходів населення. Зроблено висновок щодо необхідності удосконалення механізмів державного регулювання доходів, подальшої розбудови фондового ринку та більш досконалого обгрунтування розмірів мінімальної заробітної плати.
Пошук глобального екстремуму в задачі розподілу пов’язаних ресурсів
Authors: Sbitnev A. I. , Kozlov V. V.
Published: October 2018

У роботі запропоновано розширення алгоритму сформульованої узагальненої математичної задачі розподілу взаємопов ’язаних ресурсів для пошуку глобального екстремуму.
A New Mechanism for State Support to Technological Innovation for Industrial Development
Authors: Salikhova O. B. , Krekhivsky O. V.
Published: October 2018

Although innovation is defined as a priority in the strategic documents of the Ukrainian government, its trends of 2006–2016 show that nearly 80% of the Ukraine’s industrial enterprises were not innovating.  Innovation activities were carried out mainly by large enterprises, of which 4–5% created new products or improved existing products (processes). 80–85% of innovations were acquisitions (mainly imports) of ready technologies in form of machinery; 95–100% of the innovations costs were covered by companies’ own funds. Such results give evidence of the inefficiency of the current system of government support for innovation and the need to change approaches to financing development and innovation.

The authors are first to propose a mechanism for government support to the implementation of industrial-innovative projects at domestic industrial enterprises, which involves co-financing of project implementation and partial compensation of interest on loans involved in project implementation.  The criteria for applicant and project compliance and principal indicators of the industrial-technological and financial-economic expertise of projects are determined. 

The procedure for providing government support to industrial-innovative projects is proposed, which implementation will allow for social and economic effects: higher level of production localization and more jobs in Ukraine, higher added value of production; stimuli to the development of related industries; increased revenues to budgets of various levels; technological effects: building scientific and technical competencies and technology development, grown competitiveness of the domestic industry, created objects of intellectual property rights, created scientific and production clusters; market effects: access to foreign markets, import substitution and lower dependence on imported supplies (primarily from the Russian Federation), supplies of intermediate goods (materials, units, units, parts and components) to end-product manufacturer, supplies of investment goods (means of production) to business entities, higher profitability, higher flexibility of production, higher labor productivity, better consumer quality of manufactured goods; environmental effects: saved material resources, reduced energy consumption, reduced production waste, reduced pollution.
The Instruments for Forecasting Budget Effects of the Tax Stimulation of Innovation Activities
Authors: Lunina I. O. , Bilousova O. S.
Published: October 2018

The principles underlying the long-term solvency of the government through creating the necessary preconditions for the innovation-driven development of the national economy are studied. Dynamic series on change in revenues and expenditures of consolidated budget, and budget losses caused by tax exemptions over 2013–2017 in Ukraine are analyzed. It is found that the revenue shortfalls caused by the preferential taxation of company incomes are hardly predictable. A comparative analysis of the structure of budget losses caused by preferential income taxation of companies in 2014–2017 demonstrates the limited character of support for innovation activities at company level. This support could be observed only in the aircraft industry in 2014 and 2017. According to the results of the survey of innovation activities at non-innovating companies of Ukraine, performed in 2012–2014 and 2014–2016, the limited internal funds or private capital and the limited access to government assistance in innovation were significant factors discouraging companies from decisions in favor of innovation projects or innovation activities.

The conclusion is made that the tax policy of the government, apart from seeking for stable balance of the budget, needs to create stimuli for capital formation and effective performance of companies and, consequently, the accelerated economic development. Absence of an innovation tax credit in Ukraine and appropriate instruments for assessing its budget effects has dramatic negative consequences for company performance and macroeconomic competitiveness.   

Econometric models for tax stimulation of innovation activities at company level are constructed, enabling to select approaches to the innovation tax credit policy and the tax credit intensity, in order to enhance the potential of the national economy to develop by innovation factors. Considering the real budget capacities in Ukraine, the results of computations of budget effects of innovation tax credit (by the first or the second proposed model and by the given alternative options of tax credit amounts) can be used in selecting options of tax stimulation of innovation activities of companies.
Analisa Aliran Angin Pada Sudu Turbin Angin Savonius Tipe-U Berbasis Software
Authors: Canra Delffika - , Rahmi Meri , Haris Emin
Published: October 2018

Generally, wind energy sources in Indonesia's coastal areas is one of the potential sources of renewable energy (renewable energy resources) which are abundant, environmentally friendly and renewable. Savonius wind turbines can produce relatively high torque even at low wind speeds. Because it is very well developed to produce electrical energy. To get a large electric power, a large turbine construction is also needed which also certainly requires a large cost. For this reason, it is necessary to develop the dimensions of this wind turbine construction which is known as aspect ratio (Ar). The Ar that has been researched is the blade section, and other values. While the arch depth or the length of the blade arc in U -type is still likely to be researched. Therefore, it is necessary to do research on the U-type blade arc to get greater power than before. In addition to the experimental method with a prototype of the U type Savonius wind turbine with a number of 2 blades, a software-based simulation method will be carried out to analyze the air flow on the wind turbine blade. Parameters varied only with the aspect ratio of the arc length and blade cross section width, other parameters follow the previous research. This analysis will be a comparative data with experimental methods. The expected simulation results obtain the best aspect ratio (Ar) blade in capturing wind energy.
Hubungan Paritas dengan Kejadian Kekurangan Energi Kronik (KEK) pada Ibu Hamil Di BPM Ny. “A” Desa Gombang Kecamatan Slahung Kabupaten Ponorogo.
Authors: Sumini Sumini
Published: October 2018

There are several factors that occur Chronic Energy Deficiency incident (CED),one of them is parity. Based on preliminary data generated from pregnant women's visitbook in January - December 2016 at BPM Mrs. "A" Gombang Village, Slahung Subdistrict,Ponorogo Regency, 115 pregnant women with K1, 48 pregnant women with anupper arm circumference <23.5 cm, with wires of 28 nullipara, 17 primiparas and 3multiparas. From the incidence of CED cases 50% have abortion and BBLR. This studyaims to determine the relationship parity with chronic energy deficiency incident (CED)in pregnant women in BPM Mrs. "A" Village Gombang Slahung District PonorogoRegency.The type of this research is analytic with retrospective approach using totalsampling technique. The population is all pregnant women who visit Antenatal Care atBPM Mrs. "A" Gombang Village Slahung District Ponorogo Regency from January toDecember in 2016 with the number of 115 pregnant women. The number of samples ofthis study was 115 pregnant women. Method of data analysis using ContingencyCoefficient statistical test with significance determined by value ρ <0,05. The variables ofthis research are parity (independent) and CED (dependent). The measuring tool used inthis study is to use the cohort register of pregnant women.Based on the results of the study, obtained the number of parity in pregnantwomen in BPM Mrs. "A" Gombang Village Slahung District Ponorogo regency almosthalf as many as 45 respondents (39.1%) is primipara. Meanwhile, Chronic EnergyDeficiency incident (CED) in BPM Mrs. "A" Gombang Village Slahung DistrictPonorogo Regency almost half of which is 48 respondents (41.7%) with an upper armcircumference <23.5 cm. So that the value obtained from statistical test ContingencyCoefficient with the significance level of 0.05 is ρ = 0,00 so that ρ <α then H0 is rejectedso that there is relation between parity with Chronic Energy Deficiency incident (CED) inpregnant woman in BPM Mrs. "A" Gombang Village Slahung District Ponorogo Regencyand obtained the value of Contingency Coefficient 0.374 which means the level ofcloseness of the low relationship.In this research, it is expected that the prospective mother and parity make aneffort to pay attention to nutritional condition during pregnancy that is at the time ofAntenatal Care there is measurement of upper arm circle to know whether the mother isrisk of KEK or not, do regulation of food consumption, Hb level examination, Andpregnant upper arm circumference Mother before pregnancy is less than that number,cariudara postponed because do not risk giving birth.
Associations of Chronic Kidney Disease Markers with Cognitive Function: A 12-Year Follow-Up Study
Authors: Sacre Julian W. , Magliano Dianna J. , Zimmet Paul Z. , Polkinghorne Kevan R. , Chadban Steven J. , Anstey Kaarin J. , Shaw Jonathan E.
Published: October 2018

Background:

The role of chronic kidney disease (CKD) as a risk factor for cognitive impairment independent of their shared antecedents remains controversial.

Objective:

To determine whether kidney damage (indicated by albuminuria) or kidney dysfunction (estimated glomerular filtration rate [eGFR] <60 ml/min/1.73 m2) predict future (12-year) cognitive function independently of their shared risk factors.

Methods:

We studied 4,128 individuals from the 1999/00 population-based Australian Diabetes, Obesity, and Lifestyle (AusDiab) Study who returned in 2011/12 for follow-up cognitive function testing. Albuminuria was defined by urinary albumin:creatinine≥3.5 (women) or≥2.5 mg/mmol (men). Kidney dysfunction was indicated by eGFR <60 ml/min/1.73 m2. Cognitive function domains assessed included memory (California Verbal Learning Test [CVLT]) and processing speed (Symbol Digit Modalities Test [SDMT]).

Results:

Baseline albuminuria and kidney dysfunction were identified in 142 (3.4%) and 39 (0.9%) individuals, respectively, with minimal overlap ( n = 7). Those with albuminuria demonstrated concurrently reduced 12-year SDMT ( p = 0.084) and CVLT scores ( p = 0.005) following adjustment for age, sex, and education. However, only CVLT performance remained worse ( p = 0.027) following additional adjustment for myocardial infarction, stroke, and related risk factors (hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidemia, smoking, BMI, physical activity, and alcohol intake). Indeed, these collective covariates were responsible for 47% of the effect of albuminuria on SDMT, but only 21% of its effect on CVLT. Kidney dysfunction was not associated with either SDMT or CVLT performance ( p > 0.10).

Conclusions:

Albuminuria predicted worse memory function at 12 years follow-up, whereas its effect on processing speed was driven largely by differences in cardiovascular risk. Kidney dysfunction based on eGFR predicted neither cognitive domain.
Social Isolation and Cognitive Function in Later Life: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Evans Isobel E.M. , Martyr Anthony , Collins Rachel , Brayne Carol , Clare Linda
Published: October 2018

Background:

There is some evidence to suggest that social isolation may be associated with poor cognitive function in later life. However, findings are inconsistent and there is wide variation in the measures used to assess social isolation.

Objective:

We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to investigate the association between social isolation and cognitive function in later life.

Methods:

A search for longitudinal studies assessing the relationship between aspects of social isolation (including social activity and social networks) and cognitive function (including global measures of cognition, memory, and executive function) was conducted in PsycInfo, CINAHL, PubMed, and AgeLine. A random effects meta-analysis was conducted to assess the overall association between measures of social isolation and cognitive function. Sub-analyses investigated the association between different aspects of social isolation and each of the measures of cognitive function.

Results:

Sixty-five articles were identified by the systematic review and 51 articles were included in the meta-analysis. Low levels of social isolation characterized by high engagement in social activity and large social networks were associated with better late-life cognitive function ( r = 0.054, 95% CI: 0.043, 0.065). Sub-analyses suggested that the association between social isolation and measures of global cognitive function, memory, and executive function were similar and there was no difference according to gender or number of years follow-up.

Conclusions:

Aspects of social isolation are associated with cognitive function in later life. There is wide variation in approaches to measuring social activity and social networks across studies which may contribute to inconsistencies in reported findings.
A Randomized Controlled Trial of Adherence to a 24-Month Home-Based Physical Activity Program and the Health Benefits for Older Adults at Risk of Alzheimer’s Disease: The AIBL Active-Study
Authors: Cox Kay L. , Cyarto Elizabeth V. , Ellis Kathryn A. , Ames David , Desmond Patricia , Phal Pramit , Sharman Matthew J. , Szoeke Cassandra , Rowe Christopher C. , Masters Colin L. , You Emily , Burrows Sally , Lai Michelle M.Y. , Lautenschlager Nicola T.
Published: October 2018

Background:

Previous studies have demonstrated that physical activity (PA) interventions can improve physical and cognitive outcomes in older adults, but most have been relatively short in duration (<1 year) with a few having specifically targeting individuals at risk of developing Alzheimer’s disease.

Objective:

To examine adherence and physical health outcomes in a 24-month home-based PA intervention in older adults at risk of Alzheimer’s disease.

Methods:

Participants 60 years and older with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) or subjective memory complaints (SMC) with at least 1 cerebrovascular risk factor recruited from The Australian Imaging Biomarkers and Lifestyle Flagship Study of Aging (AIBL) were randomized to a PA or control group ( n = 106). The control group continued with their usual lifestyle. The PA group received a 24-month home-based program with a target of 150 minutes/week of moderate PA and a behavioral intervention. Retention (participants remaining) and PA adherence (PA group only, percent PA completed to the PA prescribed) were determined at 6, 12, 18, and 24 months. Assessments at baseline, 6, 12, and 24 months included, PA; fitness; body composition and fat distribution. Key outcome measures were PA adherence and PA.

Results:

The 24-month retention rate (97.2%) and the median PA adherence 91.67% (Q1–Q3, 81.96, 100.00) were excellent. In the long-term the intervention group achieved significantly better improvements in PA levels, leg strength, fat mass and fat distribution compared to the control.

Conclusion:

This study demonstrates that in this target group, long-term PA adherence is achievable and has physical health benefits.
Study on domestic market of medicinal products of plant origin
Authors: Minarchenko V. M. , Butko A. Yu.
Published: October 2018

The popularity of herbal remedies and medicines, with the participation of biologically active substances from plants is traditionally high. The annual increase of the domestic market for herbal remedies is due to the preservation and modernization of production capacities for processing of medicinal vegetative raw materials in Ukraine, introduction of modern scientific developments, a large natural resource base of medicinal plants and attracting investments in the development of this industry.

The aim of our work was the study of the domestic market of medicines of plant origin, which includes herbal remedies, substances and preparations with the participation of biologically active substances from plants. The object of the study was domestic medicines of plant origin that are registered in Ukraine for 2012–2017. The study used the analytical, statistical methods, and the results of its own resource studies of medicinal plants.

Phytopharmaceutical market of Ukraine is actively developing due to the attraction of new types of medicinal plants and expanding the range of medicines. The number of domestic drugs with the participation of biologically active substances from plants has increased by 17.4% compared with 2014. It is established that as of 1 January 2017 in Ukraine was 1 141 the form of medicinal drugs of plant origin. Of them: 645 – domestic products, 496 – foreign. Most of the herbal drugs in the pharmaceutical market of Ukraine are made from wild and cultivated domestic raw materials.
Implementation of automation based on computer technologies into process of knowledge controlling of pharmacists-interns
Authors: Revyatskyy I. Yu.
Published: October 2018

Optimization of the process of knowledge controlling of pharmacists-interns has become a current issue due to implementation of «Krok 3. Pharmacy» and increase in the number of hours for individual work. According to priority directions and program tasks for the development of pharmaceutical sector in Ukraine, we decided to involve contemporary standards for digital processing of information. Thus, the aim of the work was to optimize the process of controlling the level of knowledge by means of its optimization using computer technologies.

Generalization of the results of previous investigations on common computer testing systems and current approaches to digital information exchange was used. Data in electronic forms approved by Testing center of Ministry of Health of Ukraine (testcentr.org.ua) were also used as research objects. The data include information about pharmacists-interns who are allowed to pass Krok 3 and tests that are prepared by university tutors.

Based on analysis of non-automated conduction of testing at the department, we have pointed out certain processes. Writing a program code in the system of database management, automation of the following processes was implemented: formation of test options; preparation of a form for writing answers; standardization of digital information for downloading; downloading of information to database; checking and presenting results. Other processes (scanning, graphic processing and standardization of scanned imaging; digital record of scanned information) were automated applying other digital technologies.

As a result of conducted work, the process of mechanical transformation of test tasks from one information structure into the other one has been completely eliminated; obtaining of statistic information about each answer provided by a pharmacist-intern has been implemented. Possibility of automatic formation of test options according to the user’s suggested parameters became possible. Due to implementation of graphic processing of scanned forms with completed answers, possibility of their filling with a pen or a pencil of any color was provided. We also suggested storage of test tasks in HTML format in order to improve self-control of knowledge level of pharmacists-interns.
The development of technology of Fludeoxyglucose (18F) for injection, laboratory analysis methods
Authors: Kachaniuk V. V. , Trokhymchuk V. V. , Sarychev S. Y.
Published: October 2018

18F-Fluorodeoxyglucose has optimal characteristics for use in nuclear medicine and is a priority among radiopharmaceuticals for the diagnosis of cancer by positron emission tomography (PET). 18F-Fluorodeoxyglucose has the longest half-life with the lowest energy of radiation, it allows to obtain PET images of high contrast at low dose loading on the patient. Low energy positron radiation provides high spatial resolution of PET images. However, the half-life of 18F-Fluorodeoxyglucose  is large enough to allow the transportation of radiopharmaceuticals from the centralized production site to diagnostic centers with PET scanners (the so-called PET satellite concept), and to extend the time limits of PET research and synthesis of radiopharmaceuticals [1].

The study is the development of technology and quality control methods to ensure quality at all stages of the production of radiopharmaceuticals 18F-Fluorodeoxyglucose, injection.

There was justified 18F-Fluorodeoxyglucose production technology and quality control at all stages of production, based on complex research in the department producing radiopharmaceuticals Ukrainian Center of radiosurgery consisting Clinical Hospital «Feofaniya».

Object of study – 18F-Fluorodeoxyglucose, injection, injection is used in nuclear medicine for PET diagnosis of cancer.

We used the biopharmaceutical and pharmaceutical methods.

For the first time based pharmaceutical research was the rational technology of diagnostic radiopharmaceuticals 18F-Fluorodeoxyglucose, injection for use in PET diagnosis of cancer patients. Methods of controlling drug 18F-Fluorodeoxyglucose, injection according monographs of the State Pharmacopoeia of Ukraine. On the basis of the analysis developed by established methods of control performance specifications and shelf life of radiopharmaceuticals 18F-Fluorodeoxyglucose, injection.
Marketing analysis of some groups antidiabetic medicines, presented at pharmaceutical market of Ukraine
Authors: Vyshnytska I. V. , Trokhymchuk V. V.
Published: October 2018

The scarcity of state resources, the social economic and demographic situation, the deterioration of health status of population require new state approaches of organizing  medical and pharmaceutical provision for the population. The aim of the study is the drug supply for patients with type ІІ diabetes. Relevance of theme is determined by the prevalence of the disease, the development of complex concomitant diseases, complications, early disability and high mortality due to low-quality and untimely medical and pharmaceutical care for this category of patients.

The object of marketing research was the drugs registered in Ukraine, which cost is the subject to reimbursement for outpatient treatment of patients with type ІІ diabetes by the conditions of March 2017. The search for the proposals of drugs under study on the website of Morion Company was also conducted to assess the real state of the pharmaceutical market on this issue. The main used methods are bibliographic, statistical, marketing, graphic and systematization.

The Ukrainian pharmaceutical market of drugs with the cost, which is the subject to reimbursement for outpatient treatment of patients with type II diabetes,   has been investigated, and found that Gliclazide and Metformin are registered on the territory of Ukraine in the form of 22 and 91 medicines, respectively. The part of domestic producers of Gliclazide and Metformin is 36% and 33%, respectively.

It was revealed, that the assortment of drugs Gliclazide and Metformin, which are available in the pharmacy network, is 2 and 1.4 times less than registered in Ukraine, respectively.

Gliclazide and Metformin tablets are offered by domestic and foreign manufacturers in a dosage of 30 mg, 60 mg, 80 mg and 500 mg, 800 mg, 1 000 mg, respectively.
Synthesis and anаlgеsic activity 5-methyl-3-aryl[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyrimidin-7-oles derivatives
Authors: Ogorodnik A. G. , Yanchenko V. A. , Bobkova L. S. , Seredinska N. M. , Demchenko A. M.
Published: October 2018

Pain is a signal of inflammation and disruption of the body. It is the most important protective and adaptive mechanism that ensuring the safety of the individual. A strong and prolonged effect of "pain" irritant arising in injuries or after surgical manipulation transforms the protective reaction of the body to harmful factor that is the cause of secondary violations physiological processes.

The aim of this work was the synthesis of substances in a series of 5-methyl-3-aryl [1,2,4] triazolo [4,3-a] pyrimidine-7-ol and study the analgesic effect of the synthesized compounds.

The objects of our research were selected derivatives of 5-methyl-3-aryl [1,2,4] triazolo [4,3-a] pyrimidine-7-ol, which were synthesized by condensation and subsequent cyclization of 6-methyl-2-metylsulfanilpirymidyn-4-ol (1) with the corresponding substituted benzoic acid hydrazide The primary evaluation of analgesic activity conducted on thermal  stimulation models («hot plate»).

A number of 5-methyl-3-aryl [1,2,4] triazolo [4,3-a] pyrimidin-7-ol derivatives were synthesized, and their structure and purity were confirmed by 1H NMR spectroscopy. The analgesic activity of 5-methyl-3-aryl [1,2,4] triazolo [4,3-a] pyrimidin-7-ol was investigated in order to reveal the structure-activity relationship.

The screening for analgesic activity for 5-methyl-3-aryl [1,2,4] triazolo [4,3-a] pyrimidin-7-ol derivatives in in vivo experiments on hot plate models showed that the highest activity Was noted for the compound containing the methyl group in the fourth position of the aryl substituent, which is 184.28% of the change in the latent period of the reaction, which exceeds the action of the reference preparation of ketorolac by 71.57%. The introduction of halogens into the aryl moiety leads to a decrease in the analgesic activity of the compounds.

A series of 5-methyl-3-aryl [1,2,4] triazolo [4,3-a] pyrimidine-7-ol derivatives were synthesized by condensation and subsequent cyclization of 6-methyl-2-metylsulfanylpirymydyn-4-ol with relevant substituted hydrazide of benzoic acid. The structure and purity of obtained compounds were confirmed by 1H NMR spectroscopy. The analgesic activity of 5-methyl-3-aryl [1,2,4] triazolo [4,3-a] pyrimidin-7-ol was investigated in order to reveal the structure-activity relationship.

The screening of analgesic activity of 5-methyl-3-aryl [1,2,4] triazolo [4,3-a] pirymidyn-7-ol derivatives in vivo models for «hot plate» shows that the highest activity was noted for compound containing methyl group in the fourth position of the aryl substituent, which is 184.28% change latent period reaction, that exceeds effect reference drug ketorolac at 71.57%. The introduction of halogens in the aryl fragment leads to a decrease analgesic activity of compounds.