bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparative Analysis of Different Tube Models for Linear Rheology of Monodisperse Linear Entangled Polymers
Authors: Shchetnikava Volha , Slot Johan , van Ruymbeke Evelyne
Published: April 2019

The aim of the present paper is to analyse the differences between tube-based models which are widely used for predicting the linear viscoelasticity of monodisperse linear polymers, in comparison to a large set of experimental data. The following models are examined: Milner–McLeish, Likhtman–McLeish, the Hierarchical model proposed by the group of Larson, the BoB model of Das and Read, and the TMA model proposed by the group of van Ruymbeke. This comparison allows us to highlight and discuss important questions related to the relaxation of entangled polymers, such as the importance of the contour-length fluctuations (CLF) process and how it affects the reptation mechanism, or the contribution of the constraint release (CR) process on the motion of the chains. In particular, it allows us to point out important approximations, inherent in some models, which result in an overestimation of the effect of CLF on the reptation time. On the contrary, by validating the TMA model against experimental data, we show that this effect is underestimated in TMA. Therefore, in order to obtain accurate predictions, a novel modification to the TMA model is proposed. Our current work is a continuation of earlier research (Shchetnikava et al., 2014), where a similar analysis is performed on well-defined star polymers.
Modern Christianity, Part of the Cultural Wars. The Challenge of a Visual Culture
Authors: Smalbrugge Matthias
Published: April 2019

The article focuses on the changing landscape of modern Christianity. It does so by analysing the use of the notion of image in early Christianity and in later eras. It appears that Christianity created an ambiguous concept of the notion of image, reducing it in the end to a void image. This development caused a separation between theology and culture. It is a separation which eventually led to a Christianity that is hostile to modern culture and seeks only to reinforce its own identity.
For Sustainable Benefits and Legacies of Mega-Events: A Case Study of the 2018 PyeongChang Winter Olympics from the Perspective of the Volunteer Co-Creators
Authors: Kim Hany , Choe Yeongbae , Kim Daehwan , Kim Jeongmi (Jamie)
Published: April 2019

This study examined the outcome of the 2018 PyeongChang Winter Olympics from multiple perspectives. Tourism and sport researchers have focused on the legacy of mega-events, due to the opportunity they provide to transform a city positively, including through the development of the tourism industry. However, outcomes are not always positive, and the effects differ for every event. The effects of an event can be short-term or long-term. An event, to be truly successful, should aim to have a long-lasting and sustainable positive effect for everyone involved in hosting the event. Additionally, the outcome effects are perceived to be different by each stakeholder of any event. While the roles of volunteers are critical to the success of an event, their perspectives of the event outcomes have been relatively overlooked. Therefore, this study examined the legacy of the 2018 Winter Olympics, as the most recent and unique Olympics (also known as the Peace Olympics), from the perspectives of the volunteers as co-creators. Specifically, volunteers were asked to explain their perceptions of the success of the Olympics. Furthermore, they were asked to identify the legacy of volunteering and the legacy of the Olympics, in order to examine whether volunteers can distinguish the difference between the legacies of volunteering and the Olympics (i.e., event legacy). Using a modified version of content analysis, the results of the volunteer interviews indicated that volunteers identified the legacies of volunteering on a more personal level, emphasizing personal experience, while they identified the legacies of the Olympics on a community and national level.
Junior Secondary School Students’ Conceptions of and Approaches to Learning Mathematics and Their Relationships in Mainland China
Authors: Yang Xinrong , Leung Frederick , Zhang Shasha
Published: April 2019

This study reports the findings of a study which investigated junior secondary school students’ conceptions of and approaches to learning mathematics and their relationships in Mainland China. Two questionnaires, conceptions of learning mathematics (COLM) and approaches to learning mathematics (ALM), were administered to 1590 students. Descriptive analysis results suggest that Chinese junior school students tend to hold (1) higher-level conceptions of learning mathematics rather than lower-level conceptions, and (2) deep approaches to learning mathematics with a rather mixed surface and deep motive in learning mathematics. Correlation and regression analysis results confirm a structural relationship between students’ conceptions of and approaches to learning in the subject of mathematics. Two factors of students’ lower-level conceptions of learning mathematics, “memorizing” and “testing”, were the strongest predictor for the surface approaches to mathematics learning, while students’ higher-level conceptions of learning mathematics, such as “applying” and “understanding and mathematical thinking”, had a noticeable effect on their deep approaches to learning mathematics. However, under the pressure of examination in Mainland China, “understanding and mathematical thinking” was also found to exert quite a strong influence on students’ “surface motive”.
An Exploration of Initial Purchase Price Dispersion and Service-Subscription Duration
Authors: Lee Seung Hwan (Shawn)
Published: April 2019

Despite the readily available consumer price information, price dispersion persists for products and services and has been extensively researched. However, there is scant literature on the influence of price dispersion on consumer behavior. The present study uses actual consumer purchase data of software service subscriptions and applies range–frequency principles to investigate how a customer’s price and relative position along a distribution at initial subscription might impact their subscription lifetimes. The study findings reveal that, in general, consumers paying higher initial prices retain their subscriptions longer, confirming the relationship between a consumer’s service value expectation and search cost. However, the amount of a consumer’s paid prices relative to that of other consumers’ can be helpful in predicting subscription duration. Consumers paying a relatively high price compared with others with similar subscription beginning dates have shorter subscription durations, which raise a concern regarding use of individual customer’s price information. The study suggests that principles of range–frequency theory are useful for comprehensively integrating price dispersion information. One interesting and counterintuitive implication of our analysis is that advantaged-price inequities (where the focal customer’s paid price is lower compared to another customer’s paid price) can also raise concerns about unfairness.
Carbon Emissions, Firm Size, and Corporate Governance Structure: Evidence from the Mining and Agricultural Industries in Indonesia
Authors: Nasih Mohammad , Harymawan Iman , Paramitasari Yuanita Intan , Handayani Azizah
Published: April 2019

The purpose of this research was to examine the relationship between firm size, corporate governance, and carbon emission disclosure (CED) in Indonesia, a country with rich natural resources. This study focused on the mining and agricultural industries to better capture the disclosure behavior of companies directly engaged in natural resources. Using a sample of 305 firm-year observations of listed firms in Indonesia spanning from 2011 to 2016, the results show that larger firms and firms with larger board sizes are more likely to have higher disclosure on CED. We also showed that firms with a higher percentage of independent commissioners and directors are less likely to disclose information related to carbon emissions. These findings indicate that a greater number of commissioners and directors sitting on the board will stimulate a firm’s decision to make a higher number of disclosures related to carbon emissions. However, the increased percentage of independent commissioners and directors will cause more conservative disclosure outcomes to the firms. In addition, firms in the mining industry are more likely to have a higher level of CED relative to firms in the agricultural industry. These findings remained robust even after we corrected the standard errors.
Technique, Creativity, and Sustainability of Bamboo Craft Courses: Teaching Educational Practices for Sustainable Development
Authors: Dai Ying , Hwang Shyh-Huei
Published: April 2019

The 18-year history of bamboo craftsmanship in the university curriculum of Taiwan started with the popularization of concepts such as green design, community building, and cultural and creative industries. Bamboo is an environmentally-friendly material that has received much attention in the 21st century. Craftsmanship has drawn the attention of universities. This study uses participatory observation and interviews to collect information on bamboo craft courses in four departments of three universities and uses qualitative coding analysis to explore the sustainable teaching methods of craftsmanship teachers, sustainable development learning effects on students, and different ways of promoting sustainable development education (ESD) with bamboo craft courses in different universities. The research results show the following: (1) There are differences in bamboo craft courses: teachers’ craftsmanship and curricula are different, resulting in differences in technical depth and creativity; (2) with respect to the ESD evaluation criteria of the four bamboo craft courses, skills learning itself is not complete, but students are provided with a path to self-reliance in the craft and in responding to cultural sustainability challenges; and (3) regarding the relationship between ESD and bamboo craft education, bamboo craft education promotes the concept of sustainability and is important for the creation of crafts; universities offer opportunities for testing students’ technical talents and knowledge, but ESD is limited and blurry.
The Benefits and Barriers for Promoting Bamboo as a Green Building Material in China—An Integrative Analysis
Authors: Shen Liyin , Yang Junsi , Zhang Rong , Shao Changzhuan , Song Xiangnan
Published: April 2019

Bamboo is commonly considered as a green, environmentally friendly material. However, it appears that bamboo finds limited application in the form of green building materials in the Chinese construction sector. In order to explain this phenomenon and promote the material’s application, this study summarizes the benefits of applying bamboo materials and presents an analysis on barriers affecting the effective application of bamboo materials in this specific building sector. Research data are collected from both literature surveys and semi-structured interviews with a group of carefully selected experts from the Chinese building sector. Fifteen characteristic barriers are identified, such as ineffective action by government departments. An integrative analysis is conducted, including investigation on the hierarchy structure among characteristic barriers using the interpretive structural modeling (ISM) method and the classification of barriers from a driving-driven perspective using the Cross-impact Matrix Multiplication Applied to Classification (MICMAC) technique. This classification provides a different profile for the characteristic barriers from that of traditional barrier analysis methods. The findings provide valuable references for helping policy makers and practitioners adopt effective policies and measures to promote the application of bamboo for green materials in building sector.
Electricity Consumption Changes across China’s Provinces Using A Spatial Shift-Share Decomposition Model
Authors: Bao Chao , Liu Ruowen
Published: April 2019

China’s growing electricity consumption has become an important factor to improving socio-economic development, as well as aggravating environmental degradation. Based on the provincial level data in China for the entire period and every five years during 2000–2015, this paper used a spatial shift-share analysis (SSS) to detect the driving factors of electricity consumption changes in China, mainly focusing on the spatial spillover effects of electricity consumption which have been ignored by previous literature. Results show that economic growth and industry structure change have increased China’s electricity consumption by 8919 and 746 billion kWh, respectively, while the electricity efficiency improvement has reduced China’s electricity consumption by 5337 billion kWh for the entire period. Among the total decrease in China’s electricity consumption caused by electricity efficiency improvement, about 20% is caused by spatial spillover effects, which cannot be ignored. Moreover, there are great differences in electricity consumption changes’ components across China’s provinces. The results provide a quantitative and better understanding of the determinants of China’s electricity consumption changes, and practical implications for differentiated electricity consumption regulation policies and regional energy cooperation strategies for China, as well as for other similar countries.
Social Network Analysis as a Valuable Tool for Understanding Tourists’ Multi-Attraction Travel Behavioral Intention to Revisit and Recommend
Authors: Park Deukhee , Lee Gyehee , Kim Woo Gon , Kim Taegoo Terry
Published: April 2019

In order to better understand tourists’ multi-attraction travel behavior, the present study developed a research model by combining the social network analysis technique with the structural equation model. The object of this study was to examine the structural relationships among destination image, tourists’ multi-attraction travel behavior patterns, tourists’ satisfaction, and their behavioral intentions. The data were gathered via an online survey using the China panel system. A total of 468 respondents who visited multiple attractions while in Seoul, Korea, were used for actual analysis. The results showed that all hypotheses are supported. Specifically, destination image was an important antecedent to multi-attraction travel behavior indicated by density and degree indices. In addition, the present study confirmed that density and degree centrality, the indicators of tourists’ multi-attraction travel behavior, were positively related to tourist satisfaction. The current study represented theoretical and practical implications and suggested avenues for future research.
A Calculation Model for CO2 Emission Reduction of Energy Internet: A Case Study of Yanqing
Authors: Yang Shuxia , Zhang Di , Li Dongyan
Published: April 2019

This paper takes the regional energy internet as the research object, and combines the power system, primary energy system, transportation system, and thermal energy system to give the system boundary. First, the mathematical decomposition method and the logical integration method were combined to decompose the total low-carbon capability into seven single low-carbon capabilities. On the basis of the mechanism of carbon emission reduction, a comprehensive calculation model for CO2 emissions reduction of the energy internet was then established. Finally, taking the Yanqing Energy Internet Demonstration Zone in China as an example, it was calculated that the model could reduce CO2 emissions by 14,093.19 tons in 2025. The results show that the methods adopted in this paper avoided the overlap calculation reasonably well; the comprehensive calculation model of CO2 emissions reduction has strong versatility, and can quantitatively calculate the carbon emission reduction amount for any completed or planned energy internet. Among the seven low-carbon capabilities, “replacement of gasoline with electricity” had the highest contribution rate, with a value of 42.62%, followed by “renewable energy substitution” (37.13%). The innovations in this paper include: (1) The problem of reasonable splitting of the overlapping parts in carbon emission reduction calculations being solved. (2) The first comprehensive calculation model of CO2 emission reduction on the energy internet being established. (3) The contribution of the seven low-carbon capabilities of the energy internet to total emissions reduction being clarified.
Measuring Social Sustainability with the Developed MCSA Model: Güzelyurt Case
Authors: Doğu Feriha , Aras Lerzan
Published: April 2019

The aim of the study is to develop a sample scale to measure social sustainability in an urban context. Social sustainability is an important component of sustainable development and it gained importance in the 1990s with awareness of the rising welfare of the society. The definitions, criteria, and the measurement system of social sustainability are still vague. In this context, this article bridges the gap in measuring social sustainability in an urban context and it proposes a model called Measurement of the City from Social Aspects (MCSA). The developed model was applied to the city of Güzelyurt, which has continuously experienced immigration from past to present. Quantitative research method was used in the research and the data was collected through interviews and a questionnaire survey, conducted with 400 local residents. The proposed model was tested in terms of model fit using confirmatory factor analysis. Also, the construct validity and discriminant validity of the model were tested. Research results indicate that the developed MCSA model works and it is suitable to be applied to other cities for measuring their social sustainability. Thus, the problems in the social aspects of the cities could be revealed and solutions could be generated to ensure the social sustainability of the cities.
AwaP-IC—An Open-Source GIS Tool for Measuring Walkable Access
Authors: Majic Ivan , Pafka Elek
Published: April 2019

Within the broad field of walkability research, a key area of focus has been the relationship between urban form and capacities for walking. Measures of walkable access can be grouped into two key types: permeability measures that quantify the ease of movement through an urban fabric, and catchment measures, quantifying the potential to reach destinations within walking distance. Of numerous street network measures in use, it has been shown that many are poor proxies of permeability and catchment. Instead, two new measures have been proposed: the area-weighted average perimeter (AwaP) and interface catchment (IC), that, combined, better capture the capacities of urban morphologies to enable and attract pedestrian movement. In this paper, we present the QGIS tool AwaP-IC, developed to overcome the difficulty of computing these measures. Unlike GIS tools based on models that abstract streets to axial lines, by employing new algorithms and spatial computation techniques, AwaP-IC analyses actual urban morphologies, based on cadastral maps delineating public and private land. This can empower a new stream of urban morphological studies with the computational power of GIS. As an open-source tool, it can be further developed for use in urban mapping and to streamline the analysis of large datasets.
The Legal Geographies of Water Claims: Seawater Desalination in Mining Regions in Chile
Authors: Campero Cecilia , Harris Leila M.
Published: April 2019

The use of desalination has been increasing in recent years. Although this is not a new technology, its use often proceeds within ill-defined and ambiguous legal, institutional, economic and political frameworks. This article addresses these considerations for the case of Chile, and offers an evaluation of legal ambiguities regarding differences between desalinated water and other freshwater sources and associated consequences. This discussion reviews court records and legal documents of two companies operating desalination plants, both of which have simultaneous rights granted for underground water exploitation: the water supply company in the Antofagasta Region and Candelaria mining company in the Atacama Region. The analysis shows that issues of ambiguity and gaps in the legal system have been exploited in ways that allow these entities to continue the use and consumption of mountain water. They do so by producing desalinated water, and by entering into water transfer and diversion contracts with the mining sector. These findings highlight the importance of undefined socio-legal terrain in terms of shifting hydro-geographies of mining territories, contributing conceptually to critical geographies of desalination, delineating the importance of legal geographies important for water governance, as well as empirically documenting the significance of this case to consider shifts for the mining sector and water technologies and uses in contemporary Chile.
Temporal Evolution of Seabed Scour Induced by Darrieus-Type Tidal Current Turbine
Authors: Sun Chong , Lam Wei Haur , Lam Su Shiung , Dai Ming , Hamill Gerard
Published: April 2019

The temporal evolution of seabed scour was investigated to prevent damage around a monopile foundation for Darrieus-type tidal current turbine. Temporal scour depths and profiles at various turbine radius and tip clearances were studied by using the experimental measurements. Experiments were carried out in a purpose-built recirculating water flume associated with 3D printed turbines. The scour hole was developed rapidly in the initial process and grew gradually. The ultimate equilibrium of scour hole was reached after 180 min. The scour speed increased with the existence of a rotating turbine on top of the monopile. The findings suggested that monopile foundation and the rotating turbine are two significant considerations for the temporal evolution of scour. The scour depth is inversely correlated to the tip-bed clearance between the turbine and seabed. Empirical equations were proposed to predict the temporal scour depth around turbine. These equations were in good agreement with the experimental data.
Étude cristallographique de deux oxychlorures de plomb synthétiques : Pb3O2Cl2 et Pb2O Cl2
Authors: Perrault Guy , Vincent Henri , Renaud Maurice
Published: April 2019

Pb₃O₂Cl₂ présente l'aspect Pn*a. Ce composé est probablement centro˗symétrique, donc le groupe spatial probable est Pnma. Les dimensions de la maille cristalline sont : a = 11,87 ± 0.01 Å, b = 5,806 ± 0,005 Å et c = 9,51 ± 0,01 Å ; Z = 4. Densité calculée 7,3 ; densité observée 6,7. Pb₃O₂Cl₂ a été synthétisé par pression et cristallisation du mélange stœchiométrique de 2 PbO et de 1 PbCl₂. La mendipite correspond à Pb₃O₂Cl₂ naturel et a les mêmes paramètres réticulaires, mais le groupe spatial est rapporté comme P2₁2₁2₁.

Pb₂OCl₂ appartient au groupe spatial P2₁/c. Les paramètres réticulaires sont : a = 8,73 ± 0,01 Å, b = 15,85 ± 0,01 Å, c = 8,27 ± 0,01 Å, β = 92° 10' ± 5' ; Z = 10. Densité calculée 7,3 ; densité observée 6,6.

La structure cristalline de Pb₃O₂Cl₂ sera publiée prochainement, tandis que celle de Pb₂OCl₂ est en cours d'étude.
Structure cristalline du sulfure La2Fe2S5
Authors: Collin Gaston , Laruelle Pierre
Published: April 2019

Description de la structure de La₂Fe₂S₅ orthorhombique du groupe spatial A2₁am dont les paramètres sont :

a = 11,40 Å, b = 16,55 Å, c = 4,055 Å (Z = 4).

Les atomes de terres rares occupent deux sites sensiblement équivalents de coordinence 7, alors que les atomes de fer sont répartis dans deux types de sites très différents : l'un octaédrique déformé et le second tétraédrique. Le facteur R final est de 0,068.
Connaissance de l'orthosilicate de calcium
Authors: Forest Jean
Published: April 2019

It is possible with D. T. A. to determine where the representative point of the stœchiometric dicalcium silicate lies on a graph relating the temperature of one its inversion to the ratio CaO/SiO₂.

This investigation is followed by deductive considerations concerning the evolution of the solubility in terms of temperature and the influence of the γ → α'[L] inversion.

This is but a first step in the critical study of the conditions required to prepare unstable β Ca₂SiO₄ crystals, greater in size than 5 µm. The presence of oxygen lacunae should be able to take a part as a stabilizer as it does for the ß belit (Ca₂Mₓ.Si₁_ₓ.O₄ — x/2) in the Portland Cement Clinker.

The factors which govern the growth of dicalcium through its polymorphism are used in order to outline the consequence they involve in burning materials which move through a rotary kiln.
Synthèse de l'andradite par réaction à l'état solide à la pression atmosphérique. Transformation pseudowollastonite → wollastonite
Authors: Kabbani Mayer , Phan Kieu-Duong , Arnould Marcel
Published: April 2019

The garnet andradite, Ca₃Fe₂Si₃O₁₂, was obtained at 1 020° C and atmospheric pressure by sintering a mixture of calcium silicate, CaSiO₃. and hematite. In the range 1 100°-1 140° C, less garnet was formed, and at temperatures higher than 1 140°C the presence of andradite was not observed. As andradite decomposes at 1 157° C, the phenomenon was explained by the non-reactivity of the high form of CaSiO₃ (pseudowollastonite) with Fe₂O₃.

The promoting effect of Fe₂O₃ on the transformation of pseudowollastonite into wollastonite was observed during this study.
Propriétés optiques de la covelline et de l'énargite dans le visible et dans l'infrarouge proche
Authors: Cervelle Bernard , Lévy Claude
Published: April 2019

L'emploi d'un nouveau micro-réflectomètre a permis de doubler la largeur du domaine spectral dans lequel étaient mesurées les propriétés optiques des minéraux absorbants. Il a été ainsi possible d'étudier les courbes de dispersion des pouvoirs réflecteurs, des indices de réfraction, des indices d'extinction et des coefficients d'absorption de la covelline et de l'énargite de 400 à 960 nm sur des sections orientées.

Ces nouvelles séries de mesures en lumière réfléchie sont en accord, pour ce qui concerne la partie visible du spectre, avec les données antérieures.

Pour l'infrarouge proche, elles permettent de révéler l'existence d'une bande d'absorption sélective propre à la covelline, et de confirmer la transparence de l'énargite déjà étudiée en lumière transmise dans ce même domaine spectral.

Une propriété remarquable de la covelline consiste en l'augmentation, entre 620 et 745 nm, de son pouvoir réflecteur avec l'indice de réfraction du milieu d'immersion. La relation liant les indices de réfraction et d'extinction d'une substance à l'indice de réfraction du milieu d'immersion pour que se produise ce phénomène a été établie. Elle explique la rareté de celui-ci.
L'interprétation des successions paragénétiques au moyen des diagrammes d'affinité
Authors: Leleu Michel
Published: April 2019

Une méthode d'interprétation des successions paragénétiques formées à partir de solutions ioniques en milieu fermé est décrite.

Basée sur la thermodynamique chimique, cette méthode permet de connaître la nature des solutions ioniques et leur évolution.

Les résultats sont représentés graphiquement dans des systèmes d'axes choisis selon le problème traité.

Deux exemples empruntés aux minéralisations Pb˗Zn du Laurium (Grèce) illustrent notre démarche.
La fischesserite, Ag8Au Se2, premier séléniure d'or, isotype de la petzite
Authors: Johan Zdenek , Picot Paul , Pierrot Roland , Kvacek Milan
Published: April 2019

Fischesserite, Ag₃AuSe₂ was found in carbonate veins at Predborice, Bohemia, Czechoslovakia, associated with naumannite, clausthalite, berzelianite, gold and other selenides. Isometric, isostructural with petzite ; space group O⁸-I4₁3₂ ; a₀ = 9.967 ± 0.003 Å ; Z = 8 ; dₓ = 9.05. The strongest X-ray lines are : 2.662 (10) ; 2.229 (8) ; 2.035 (8) ; 1.820 (8) ; 1.266 (7) Å. Chemical analyses (electron micro-probe) give : Ag : 47.5 (48.6) ; Cu : 0.0 (0.3) ; Au : 27.4 (27.2) ; Se : 24.4 (22.8) ; totals : 99.3 (98.9). In reflected light, the new mineral has a pink colour. It is isotropic. Reflectivity : 33.4 (4,200 Å) ; 30.1 (5,200 Å) ; 32.9 (6,200 Å) ; 36.0 (7,000 Å). Microhardness (Vickers) 31.9 kg/mm² (P = 25 g), 32.7 kg/mm² (P = 50 g). Named in honor of R. Fischesser.
Cookéite dans des filons de quartz des Pyrénées centrales (Ariège et Haute-Garonne)
Authors: Orliac Marcel , Permingeat François , Tollon Francis , Passaqui Bernard
Published: April 2019

La cookéite, découverte dans des filons de quartz des Pyrénées centrales, est décrite en détail : lamelles micacées blanches, biaxie positive, 2 V = 30°, np ⋍ nm = 1,580, ng = 1,600, d[mes.] = 2,65. Le diagramme de poudre indicé donne a = 5,16, b = 8,92, c = 14,24 Å, β = 97°. Avec l'analyse chimique, il montre qu'il s'agit d'une chlorite lithique di-trioctaédrique :

Al₂ (OH)₂ (Al₁,₁₉, Si₂,₈₁) O₁₀ • Li₀,₉₁Al₂,₀₉ (OH)₆.

Les courbes d'analyses thermique différentielle et thermopondérale diffèrent notablement de celles des chlorites normales par les pics endothermiques à 560° et 630° C et par une déshydratation continue, sans inflexion, entre 450° et 650° C. Les occurrences connues jusqu'à présent sont décrites sommairement ; leurs caractères communs sont mis en évidence : filons de quartz de basse température, encaissés dans des schistes et calcschistes dévoniens non métamorphiques, loin de toute roche plutonique grenue, association avec des carbonates, une chlorite verte et parfois de la pyrite. Ce type de gisement de lithium paraît nouveau. Il permet de préciser le contenu du « district à lithium » des Pyrénées et pose le problème de l'origine du lithium.
Premières données sur un faciès orbiculaire dans le massif granitique de l'Aber-Ildut (Finistère, France)
Authors: Barrière Michel , Chauris Louis , Cotten Joseph
Published: April 2019

Une roche quartzique à orbicules de plagioclase apparaît dans une granodiorite rubanée incluse dans un massif de granite circonscrit. Le faciès orbiculaire a environ 2 m de puissance. Il montre une gradation marquée par la taille et l'abondance des orbicules et par la composition de la matrice. Les orbicules, de 3 à 17 cm de grand axe, sont constitués d'un noyau, de nature variée (micacée, feldspathique, granodioritique) et d'une enveloppe oligoclasique blanchâtre. La granodiorite rubanée pourrait être interprétée comme une différenciation magmatique du granite de l'Aber-Ildut ; les orbicules, comme le résultat d'une rapide accrétion feldspathique autour de noyaux préexistants, disséminés dans une chambre magmatique de faible viscosité, en voie de cristallisation, où ils se seraient sédimentés par gravité.
Les kersantites : étude des lamprophyres à plagioclases et biotite
Authors: Velde Danielle
Published: April 2019

Les kersantites sont des roches à olivine (altérée), biotite, plagioclase, parfois pyroxène monoclinique. L'étude détaillée de 12 filons a donné lieu à 22 analyses nouvelles, dont 7 analyses de minéraux. Le caractère fondamental de ces roches est la présence de plagioclase primaire, mais certaines kersantites (celles du Limousin, par exemple) contiennent du feldspath alcalin tardif. Les kersantites peuvent être divisées en deux groupes, dont la minéralogie contrastée s'explique par des conditions de gisement différentes : les kersantites en filons étroits sont des roches à labrador et biotite magnésienne, alors que dans les filons larges, où le refroidissement a été plus lent, on trouve un assemblage qui comporte, outre oligoclase et biotite, albite, chlorite, hornblende, calcite, épidote, quartz, prehnite et feldspath potassique. L'origine des kersantites est un problème difficile : leur composition chimique ne les rapproche pas des résidus de fusion partielle que l'on trouve dans les séries granitiques ou gneissiques. L'absence de roches à composition de kersantites au sein de complexes volcaniques caractérisés ne milite pas en faveur d'une origine magmatique directe. On est donc conduit à examiner l'hypothèse d'un mélange entre magma « basaltique » et matériel à composition « granitique ». Un certain nombre de calculs montrent en effet que des mélanges de certaines proportions de « granite » et « basalte » peuvent conduire à une composition de kersantite. Le problème est alors d'imaginer comment un magma peut assimiler un volume de l'ordre de 50 à 100 % du sien propre, problème qui n'est pas résolu.
Description de la ludjibaïte, un polymorphe de la pseudomalachite, Cu5(PO4)2(OH)4
Authors: Piret Paul , Deliens Michel
Published: April 2019

Ludjibaïte occurs on red micaceous shale at Ludjiba, Zaire, in association with pseudomalachite and libethenite. It forms crest-like aggregates of small blue-green blades (up to 0.3 mm) on the surface of deep green crystals of pseudomalachite. Triclinic, space group PI, a = 4.446(3), b = 5.871(4), c = 8.680(7) Å, α = 103.9(2), β = 90.3(2), γ = 93.2(2)°, V = 219.5(3) Å3, Z = 1. Calculated density : 4.36 g.cm-3. Strongest lines of X-ray powder pattern [d(Å) (I) hkl] : 4.46(10)100, 2.462(5)1-20, 2.353(5)103 and 11-3, 3.02(2)102 and 2.408(2)-103. Biaxial positive or negative, 2V large, α' = 1.786(2) and γ' = 1.840(5). Chemical composition : CuO 69.1, P2O5 24.6, H2O 6.3 %. The corresponding artificial compound had been prepared by Shoemaker et al. (1981) who had also determined the crystal structure.
La macle "papillon", cas particulier de la macle "en genou" du zircon
Authors: Alinat Michel , Pupin Jean-Pierre , Turco Guy
Published: April 2019

The "butterfly" twin is a particular case of geniculate twinning in zircons. In contrast with elbow twins, the butterfly twinned crystals, frequently flattened on (110), show two double pyramidal ends. This very rare twin has been found in orogenic granites derived from mainly sialic hydrous magmas. Occurrences are reported from subduction-collision magmatism of different ages in France, Ivory Coast, Italy and Brazil.
Особливості фізичної підготовленості студентів закладів освіти в процесі фізичного виховання
Authors: Asaulyuk I.O. , Diachenko A.A.
Published: April 2019

Мета роботи – дослідження рівня фізичної підготовленості студентів музичних спеціальностей. Завдання дослідження відображають поступовість досягнення мети та передбачали визначення розвитку статичної силової витривалості м’язів тулуба. Матеріал і методи. Аналіз і узагальнення даних літературних джерел, педагогічні методи дослідження (експеримент, тестування), методи математичної статистики. У педагогічному експерименті брали участь 154 студента першого та другого курсів Вінницького училища культури і мистецтв імені М. Д. Леонтовича. Було протестовано студентів спеціальності «Музичне мистецтво» спеціалізацій «фортепіано, оркестрові, струнні інструменти» (скрипка, альт, віолончель, контрабас); «оркестрові духові та ударні інструменти» (флейта, гобой, кларнет, фагот, саксофон, валторна, труба, тромбон, туба, ударні інструменти), «народні інструменти» (баян, акордеон, домра, бандура, гітара); «вокал, хорове диригування».  Результати. Висвітлено проблему фізичного виховання та процесу фізичної підготовки студентів музичних спеціальностей. Наголошується, рівень працездатності, стан здоров’я і професійне майбуття студентів значною мірою залежать від ефективності їх фізичного виховання. Можливим є підвищення результативності процесу фізичного виховання студентів за рахунок оптимізації та розвитку  професійно-важливих фізичних якостей. Навчальна та майбутня робоча діяльність студентів спеціальності «Музичне мистецтво»  передбачає малозручну робочу позу та особливості прояву фізичних якостей, від рівня розвитку яких залежить ефективність професійної діяльності. Висновки. Здійснено оцінювання показників  фізичної підготовленості студентів з використанням батареї тестів, що характеризують статичну силову витривалість м’язів тулуба. Проведення оцінки фізичної підготовленості студентів дозволило визначити загальну тенденцію погіршення показників за період навчання, за переважною кількістю показників це було статистично достовірне погіршення.
Взаємозв’язок спортивної майстерності і компонентів тренувального навантаження у студентів-легкоатлетів (на прикладі бігу на середні дистанції)
Authors: Neporadna N.І.
Published: April 2019

Мета роботи – виявити вплив різних компонентів тренувального навантаження на вдосконалення спортивної майстерності легкоатлетів на етапах попередньої підготовки і початкової спеціалізації. Матеріал і методи. В дослідженні взяли участь студенти віком 17 років, які займались у легкоатлетичній секції і виконували нормативні тести на рівні ІІІ спортивного розряду. Їх розділили на 2 групи: експериментальну та контрольну (по 10 чол. в кожній). Студенти експериментальної групи проходили підготовку за авторською 6-ти компонентною програмою тренувальних навантажень. Студенти контрольної групи займались за програмою розробленою у науково-дослідному інституті фізичного виховання і спорту. Досліджували показники фізичного розвитку (ріст, вага тіла, функціональні резерви кардіо-респіраторної системи) і фізичну підготовленість (витривалість, швидкісні і силові показники) кожні 6 місяців протягом 5 років. Результати. Розроблена програма, яка реалізується на етапах попередньої підготовки і початкової спеціалізації легкотлетів передбачає розвиток спеціально орієнтованих фізичних здібностей і дозволяє підвищувати рівень спортивної майстерності. На це вказує динаміка отриманих позитивних результатів тестування основних антропометричних даних і показників фізичної підготовки студентів-легкоатлетів. При цьому необхідно також враховувати напрямок розвитку фізичних здібностей, що базується на розвитку основних показників кардіо-респіраторної системи та провідної ролі механізмів, що впливають на регуляцію рівня загальної витривалості, швидкості рухів і силових характеристик у цілісному організмі. Програма передбачає систематичне, але поступове ускладнення фізичних навантажень, що визначає відповідні умови для реалізації основного принципу фізичного виховання у вищих навчальних закладах і розвиваючого навчання студентів-спортсменів різної кваліфікації. Висновок. Результати 5-ти річного тестування студентів-легкоатлетів після впровадження авторської програми у тренувальний процес, вказують на виражені позитивні зрушення у фізичному розвитку і фізичній підготовленості, що виражається у підвищенні рівня їх спортивної майстерності і досягнення спортивних результатів, які відповідають І спортивному розряду.
Применение нестабильных опор и упражнений для контроля положения центра тяжести в тренировочном процессе баскетболисток 13-14 лет
Authors: Sobko I.N. , Ischenko A.A. , Khrapov S.B. , Pasichna T.V.
Published: April 2019

Цель работы - экспериментально обосновать методику развития специальной физической и технической подготовленности баскетболисток 13-14 лет. Материал и методы. В эксперименте приняли участие баскетболистки ДЮСШ №13 (возраст 13-14 лет): экспериментальная группа (n=18); контрольная группа (n=18). Эксперимент проводился в августе 2018 года в течение трех месяцев. До и после эксперимента было проведено тестирование баскетболисток по физической подготовленности (бег 6 м, челночный бег 2х28 м, сгибание рук в упоре лежа, прыжки на скакалке), технической подготовленности (скорость защитных перемещений, броски с разной дистанции, скоростное ведение мяча). Для определения психофизиологического состояния спортсменок эксперимента регистрировали психофизиологические показатели с помощью компьютерной программы «Психодиагностика» (скорость простой и сложной реакции в различных режимах тестирования). Для определения скорости моторики рук использовался тест «Перекладывание фишек». Результаты. Разработана и внедрена в тренировочный процесс юных баскетболисток методика развития специальной физической и технической подготовленности баскетболисток. Методика включает в себя выполнение упражнений с помощью резиновой ленты, упражнения с использованием нестабильных платформ и бег из нестандартных исходных положений. Выявлено достоверное (р<0,05) улучшение показателей в тестах: скорость защитных перемещений, челночный бег, скоростная техника ведения мяча, броски с разных дистанций спортсменок экспериментальной группы по сравнению с контрольной. Установлено достоверное (р<0,05)  различие показателей после проведения эксперимента в тестах: скорость простой и сложной реакции и моторики рук спортсменок экспериментальной группы по сравнению со спортсменками контрольной группы. Выводы. Показано положительное влияние экспериментальной методики на уровень физической, технической подготовленности и психофизиологическое состояние баскетболисток 13-14 лет.
Особливості взаємозвязоку між результатами у олімпійському багатоборстві між різними дисциплінами скелелазіння у юнаків 16-17 років за результатами Чемпіонату світу 2017 р.
Authors: Uvarova N.V. , Kozina Zh.L. , Kolomiets N.A. , Tieniakova K.V.
Published: April 2019

Мета даного дослідження: виявлення взаємозв’язку між окремими видами спортивного скелелазіння у олімпійський дисципліні  скелелазіння «багатоборство» у юнаків 16-17 років. Матеріал і методи. В дослідженні взяли участь спортсмени-юнаки  16 - 17 років, учасники Чемпіонату Світу серед молоді 2017 р., що проводився у  м. Інсбрук (Австрія). Всього проаналізовано результати 79 юнаків скелелазів віком 16-17 років,  які представляли 36 країн світу. Аналізувалася результати багатоборства, показані  учасниками змагань, та час проходження еталонної трас на швидкість. В рамках проведеного дослідження були проаналізовані протоколи змагань з багатоборства, та до балів, набраним кожним учасником змагань був доданий його час проходження траси на швидкість. Результати. 1. Між результатами в окремих видах скелелазіння та багатоборстві достовірні взаємозв’язки виявлено між результатами у видах «Багатоборство» та «Трудність» (r=0,69, p<0,05), «Багатоборство» та «Швидкість» (r=0,66, p<0,05), «Багатоборство» та «Боулдерінг» (r=0,69, p<0,05). Дисперсійний аналіз впливу результатів в окремих видах скелелазіння на результат в багатоборстві показав наявність достовірної залежності очків в багатоборстві від результатів в дисциплінах «Боулдерінг» (р<0,05), «Трудність» (р<0,05) та від поєднаної взаємодії результатів в цих видах скелелазіння на результат в багатоборстві (р<0,05). Не виявлено достовірного впливу результату в дисципліні «Швидкість» на результат в багатоборстві (р>0,05). Висновок. Для високого результату в багатоборстві більші шанси мають спортсмени, які спеціалізуються в дисциплінах «Трудність» та «Болдерінг», оскільки  результати в цих дисциплінах пов’язані між собою. Для спортсменів, які спеціалізуються в дисципліні «Швидкість», досягнення високого результату є складним завданням, оскільки результати в дисципліні «швидкість» не пов’язані з результатами в дисциплінах «Трудність» та «Боулдерінг» і достовірно не впливають на результат в багатоборстві.
A Network Approach to Developing Immuno-Oncology Combinations in Canada
Authors: Higenell V. , Fajzel R. , Batist G. , Cheema P.K. , McArthur H.L. , Melosky B. , Morris D. , Petrella T.M. , Sangha R. , Savard M.F. , Sridhar S.S. , Stagg J. , Stewart D.J. , Verma S.
Published: April 2019

Immune checkpoint inhibitors have revolutionized care for many cancer indications, with considerable effort now being focused on increasing the rate, depth, and duration of patient response. One strategy is to combine immune strategies (for example, CTLA-4 and PD-1/L1–directed agents) to harness additive or synergistic efficacy while minimizing toxicity. Despite encouraging results with such combinations in multiple tumour types, numerous clinical challenges remain, including a lack of biomarkers that reliably predict outcome, the emergence of therapeutic resistance, and optimal management of immune-related toxicities. Furthermore, the selection of ideal combinations from the myriad of immune, systemic, and locoregional therapies has yet to be determined. A longitudinal network-based approach could offer advantages in addressing those critical questions, including long-term follow-up of patients beyond individual trials.
Treatment-Induced Remission of Medulloblastoma Using a Chemotherapeutic Regimen Devoid of Vincristine in a Child with Charcot–Marie–Tooth Disease
Authors: Bernstock J.D. , Cohen J.L. , Singh S. , Schlappi C.W. , Fiveash J.B. , Johnston J.M. , Fequiere P. , Orr B.A. , Li R. , Friedman G.K.
Published: April 2019

Charcot–Marie–Tooth (CMT) disease is the most common form of inherited neuropathy. Core features include peripheral neuropathy and secondary axonal degeneration, with a noted distal predominance of limb-muscle wasting, weakness, and sensory loss. Given the significant prevalence of CMT, superimposed neoplastic disease can be encountered within this patient population. Malignancies that are treated with vincristine (a microtubule-targeting agent), even at low doses as part of standard treatment, pose a significant challenge for patients with CMT. Here, we present the case of a child with CMT who was successfully treated for medulloblastoma without vincristine, a standard drug used for treatment of that disease, to avoid the risk of severe debilitating neuropathy. This report is the first of a patient successfully treated for medulloblastoma without vincristine.
HIGHER EDUCATION INSTITUTIONS’ IMPACT ON THE ECONOMY
Authors: Vaiciukevičiūtė Agnė , Stankevičienė Jelena , Bratčikovienė Nomeda
Published: April 2019

Despite the strong public interest in the accountability and efficiency in education spending on higher education institutions (HEIs) in Lithuania, there are currently no existing studies which have examined the impact of HEIs on the country’s economy. In the present study, we have used a disaggregated input-output table for Lithuania’s tertiary education institutions in order to determine the output value added to the local economy by the presence of HEIs. The results of the study have revealed that HEIs contribute to the Lithuanian economy in the period of (2010–2016), with the average of gross domestic output (GDP) of 298.48 mln. euros. The present study is the first of its kind to use input-output table evaluate the impact of HEIs on Lithuania’s economy, and its results could be of significant value to the current policy debates regarding the status of higher education in Lithuania.
The Curious Case of KOI 4: Confirming Kepler’s First Exoplanet Detection
Authors: Chontos Ashley , Huber Daniel , Latham David W. , Bieryla Allyson , Eylen Vincent Van , Bedding Timothy R. , Berger Travis , Buchhave Lars A. , Campante Tiago L. , Chaplin William J. , Colman Isabel L. , Coughlin Jeff L. , Davies Guy , Hirano Teruyuki , Howard Andrew W. , Isaacson Howard
Published: April 2019

The discovery of thousands of planetary systems by Kepler has demonstrated that planets are ubiquitous. However, a major challenge has been the confirmation of Kepler planet candidates, many of which still await confirmation. One of the most enigmatic examples is KOI 4.01, Kepler’s first discovered planet candidate detection (as KOI 1.01, 2.01, and 3.01 were known prior to launch). Here we present the confirmation and characterization of KOI 4.01 (now Kepler-1658), using a combination of asteroseismology and radial velocities. Kepler-1658 is a massive, evolved subgiant (M
⋆ = 1.45 ± 0.06 M
⊙, R
⋆ = 2.89 ± 0.12 R
⊙) hosting a massive (

 = 5.88 ± 0.47

,

 = 1.07 ± 0.05

) hot Jupiter that orbits every 3.85 days. Kepler-1658 joins a small population of evolved hosts with short-period (≤100 days) planets and is now the closest known planet in terms of orbital period to an evolved star. Because of its uniqueness and short orbital period, Kepler-1658 is a new benchmark system for testing tidal dissipation and hot Jupiter formation theories. Using all four years of the Kepler data, we constrain the orbital decay rate to be

 ≤ −0.42 s yr−1, corresponding to a strong observational limit of

 ≥ 4.826 × 

for the tidal quality factor in evolved stars. With an effective temperature of

 ∼ 6200 K, Kepler-1658 sits close to the spin–orbit misalignment boundary at ∼6250 K, making it a prime target for follow-up observations to better constrain its obliquity and to provide insight into theories for hot Jupiter formation and migration.