bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Technology Refusal
Authors: Hodas Steven
Published: December 2014

Analyses of the deployment of technology in schools usually note its lack of impact on the day-to-day values and practices of teachers, administrators, and students. This is generally construed as an implementation failure, or as resulting from a temperamental shortcoming on the part of teachers or technologists. It is predicated on the tacit assumption that the technology itself is value-free. This paper proposes that technology is never neutral: that its values and practices must always either support or subvert those of the organization into which it is placed; and that the failures of technology to alter the look-and-feel of schools more generally results from a mismatch between the values of school organization and those embedded within the contested technology.
Is Water an Input to a Fish? Problems with the Production-Function Model in Education
Authors: Hodas Steven
Published: December 2014

The concept of a production-function as a metaphor of the educational process is critiqued. In particular, Monk's (1992) discussion of the production-function is seen as typical of the final stages of a dying paradigm.
Against "Values": Reflections on Moral Language and Moral Education
Authors: Strike Kenneth A.
Published: December 2014

It is increasingly popular to ask educational institutions to do something about values. It is also becoming possible to take substantive moral positions in schools. We have become increasingly concerned about the morals of our children. Much of the discussion of values is incoherent. Many educators contribute to the public babble about ethics because of how they talk about moral questions; they have acquired a dysfunctional and obfuscating vocabulary ("values speak") for describing ethical phenomena and ethical issues. Assertions about values are distinct from assertions about character. The question of how to form democratic character is a crucial question that society has almost stopped asking. We do occasionally put the question as one about democratic values. While "values speak" seems initially liberating, nevertheless, it easily contributes to an authoritarian outlook. Four pieces of advice to educators are offered: 1) do not let "values speak" make you deaf to the nuances of the complex moral vocabularies; 2) learn to think of a liberal arts education as part of professional training; 3) an essential moral practice is dialogue; 4) support those trends in educational reform that increase opportunities for conscientious moral dialogue among members of school communities.
Educational Reform in an Era of Disinformation
Authors: Berliner David C.
Published: December 2014

Data which suggest the failure of America's schools to educate its youth well do not survive careful scrutiny. School reforms based on these questionable data are wrongheaded and potentially distructive of quality education. Reforms of the kind proposed by those who have started from an assumption that America's schools have failed will exacerbate the differences between the "have" and the "have-not" school districts.
The Devil's Bargain: Educational Research and the Teacher
Authors: Goodson Ivor F.
Published: December 2014

The concern of this paper is to explore why it is that so much educational research has tended to be manifestly irrelevant to the teacher. A secondary question is how that irrelevance has been structured and maintained over the years. There are I think three particularly acute problems. Firstly the role of the older foundational disciplines in studying education. Secondly, the role of faculties of education generally. Thirdly, related to the decline of foundational disciplines and the crisis in the faculties of education, the dangers implicit in too hasty an embrace of the panacea of more practical study of education.
The development of nursing with older people a 21st century leadership priority
Authors: Tolson Debbie
Published: December 2014

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Factors affecting nurses' organizational commitment
Authors: Lorber Mateja , Skela-Savič Brigita
Published: December 2014

Introduction: Commitment to an organization can be described as employee’s belief in the goals of the organization and determination to remain a part of the organization. The aim of the study was to establish the level of nurses’ commitment and to identify the factors affecting the commitment. Methods: 5.4 % of the total nursing population in Slovenian hospitals participated in the study. The questionnaire that was employed included statements related to leadership style, interpersonal relationship, organizational support, nurses’ job satisfaction and commitment. The statistical analysis included the correlation analysis, ANOVA analysis and multivariate regression analysis. Results: Leaders in nursing are statistically significantly (F = 41.588, p < 0.001) more committed to organization than other nurses. There is a positive correlation between nurses’ commitment, job satisfaction, interpersonal relationship, organizational support and leadership style. With multivariate regression analysis, 78 % of total variability of nurses’ commitment can be explained with interpersonal relationship, job satisfaction, organizational support and leadership style. Discussion and conclusion: Employees’ commitment and job satisfaction correlate with quality, performance of hospitals and their competitiveness. The responsibility of managers and leaders in nursing is also to consider and direct people in the field of commitment and not only to provide quality services. It is recommended that once a year the managers survey the satisfaction and commitment of all employees.
Telesna dejavnost in zdravje žensk v pomenopavzi
Authors: Marn Radoš Maja , Šćepanović Darija
Published: December 2014

Uvod: Kot posledica pomanjkanja estrogenov se po menopavzi pojavi večja verjetnost nastanka kardiovaskularnih bolezni, osteoporoze, depresije in urinske inkontinence. Namen članka je pregled literature in predstavitev rezultatov raziskav, ki so proučevale vpliv telesne dejavnosti na kardiovaskularni in vazomotorni sistem, na urogenitalno in vezivno tkivo ter na duševno zdravje pri ženskah v pomenopavzi.
Metode: Iskanje strokovne in znanstvene literature je bilo opravljeno s pomočjo bibliografskih baz podatkov COBISS.SI, PubMed, CINAHL, EMBASE in registra študij Cochrane Library. Iskanje je bilo omejeno na besedila, dostopna na spletu, v slovenščini ali angleščini (ali drugih jezikih, če so članki vsebovali izvlečke v angleščini), izdana od januarja 2000 do decembra 2012. Glede na vključitvene in izključitvene kriterije je bilo v pregled zajetih enajst randomiziranih kontroliranih raziskav, ki so bile glede na tematiko razdeljene v pet skupin.
Rezultati: Pokazal se je pozitiven vpliv redne telesne dejavnosti na izražanje simptomov, ki so posledica pomanjkanja estrogena v telesu žensk v pomenopavzi. Redna telesna dejavnost ima najboljši vpliv na kardiovaskularni sistem, mentalno zdravje, urinsko inkontinenco in osteoporozo, glede njenega vpliva na izražanje vazomotornih simptomov pa so mnenja deljena.
Diskusija in zaključek: Najkoristnejša telesna dejavnost za zdravje žensk v pomenopavzi je aerobna vadba zmerne intenzitete. Potrebne so nadaljnje raziskave o vplivu telesne dejavnosti na izražanje vazomotornih simptomov pri ženskah v pomenopavzi.
Sociodemographic and socioeconomic inequalities in physical activity among Slovenian youth
Authors: Kirbiš Andrej , Tavčar Krajnc Marina , Musil Bojan
Published: December 2014

Introduction: Frequent physical activity has previously been found associated with numerous health benefits, yet it is unequally distributed across social strata, including in Slovenia. The aim of the present study was to examine the frequency of and inequalities in physical activity among Slovenian youth.
Methods: A representative cross-sectional study of 907 men and women aged 16–27 years (x̄age = 21.90, s = 3.25, 48.3 % women) living in Slovenia was carried out examining the determinants of physical activity (measured with a single item on the frequency of physical activity in previous 7 days).
Results: More than four out of ten young people (41.3 %) reported being vigorously physically active for at least 20 minutes daily only on only two days or less in the previous week. Regression analysis indicated that eight predictor variables explained 4.2 % of the variance (Adjusted R2 = 3.4 %) in physical activity. Male gender was the only significant predictor of more frequent physical activity (β = 0.20, p < 0.001). In addition, interaction effect was detected with gender moderating the association between age and physical activity (β = -0.10, p < 0.05).
Discussion and conclusion: Socioeconomic gradient in physical activity was not detected. Future studies should examine additional indicators of socioeconomic status and deprivation. The study results could provide a basis for programmes and interventions on physical activity that should target especially young women.
Samozaupanje medicinskih sester in zdravnikov pri praktičnem izvajanju paliativne oskrbe
Authors: Kamnik Petra , Pajnkihar Majda , Habjanič Ana
Published: December 2014

Uvod: Zdravstveni delavci so v paliativni oskrbi soočeni s številnimi zapletenimi in neprijetnimi situacijami, ko je potrebno bolnikom lajšati bolečine, jim na različne načine pomagati in hkrati tolažiti družino. Namen raziskave je bil ugotoviti, kako zdravstveni delavci ocenjujejo svoje znanje in stopnjo samozaupanja pri izvajanju paliativne oskrbe.
Metode: Izvedena je bila neeksperimentalna kvantitativna raziskava, v katero so bili vključeni zdravstveni delavci primarnega in sekundarnega nivoja zdravstvene dejavnosti Koroške regije (n = 100). Vzorčenje je bilo namensko nenaključno. S strukturiranim vprašalnikom pridobljeni podatki so bili statistično analizirani s programom SPSS ver. 20.0. Sklopa vprašanj, ki sta se nanašala na izvajanje paliativne oskrbe, sta pokazala dobro mersko zanesljivost instrumenta (Cronbach alfa 0,781 in 0,914).
Rezultati: Medicinske sestre in zdravniki so znanje in izkušnje v paliativni oskrbi v največji meri pridobivali v klinični praksi (50 %), svoje znanje so pretežno ocenili le kot zadovoljivo (53 %). Lasten odziv na zdravstvene težave oziroma na svetovanje in komunikacijo z bolnikom so medicinske sestre in zdravniki ocenili s povprečno oceno 2,7 do 3,2, kar pomeni, da pretežno zmorejo situacije pri praktičnem izvajanju paliativne oskrbe rešiti samostojno. Medicinske sestre in zdravniki na primarnem nivoju zdravstvene dejavnosti so navedli večjo stopnjo samozaupanja glede svetovanja o možnostih izbire kraja paliativne oskrbe.
Diskusija in zaključek: Ugotovitve kažejo, da medicinske sestre in zdravniki vprašanj bolnikov o procesu umiranja in njihovih želja niso ocenili kot posebej neprijetnih. Bodoče raziskave bi lahko nadaljevale v tej smeri in ugotavljale, katere situacije zdravstvenemu osebju predstavljajo največje breme in kako se z njimi soočiti.
Kompetence zdravstvene nege ter opredelitev strategij razvoja kompetenc na dodiplomskem študiju zdravstvene nege
Authors: Trobec Irena , Čuk Vesna , Istenič Starčič Andreja
Published: December 2014

Uvod: Obseg znanja, ki ga medicinske sestre potrebujejo pri svojem delu, se stalno povečuje in s tem se spreminjajo tudi njihove kompetence. Naloga izobraževalnih ustanov je usposobiti diplomante za učinkovito soočanje z vse kompleksnejšimi zahtevami delovnega okolja in družbe. Osnovni namen pregleda literature je bil preučiti kompetence zdravstvene nege ter vpliv učnih metod na razvoj kompetenc.
Metode: Opravljen je bil pregled literature, objavljene v obdobju 2000 do 2012. Uporabljene so bile baze podatkov CINAHL, Medline, ERIC, Academic Search Premier in Health Source: Nursing/Academic Edition, dostopne preko podatkovnih zbirk EBSCOhost/EIFL Direct, vzajemna bibliografska-kataložna baza podatkov COBIB.SI, relevantne spletne strani strokovnih organizacij zdravstvene nege ter elektronski in drugi tiskani viri.
Rezultati: Identificiranih je bilo pet opisnih kategorij: kompetence zdravstvene nege, podlage v kompetence usmerjenega učenja, učenje in razvoj kompetenc, učenje v kliničnem okolju ter spremljanje in ocenjevanje kompetenc.
Diskusija in zaključek: Preučevanje kompetenc v zdravstveni negi je aktualna tema, saj so ključne pri opredelitvi sposobnosti, spretnosti in znanj, ki jih medicinske sestre potrebujejo za zagotavljanje učinkovite in kakovostne zdravstvene nege.
The importance of robust corpora in providing more realistic descriptions of variation in English grammar
Authors: Davies Mark
Published: December 2014

This paper provides many concrete examples of how English grammar varies in important ways, as a function of differences between genres, as a function of language change, and as a function of differences between dialects. We also show – in great detail – how several recent corpora – such as COCA (2008), COHA (2011), GloWbE (2013), and the BYU interface to the Google Book n-grams (2012) – allow us to accurately examine this full range of variation, in ways that are not available with smaller corpora. As a result, these new corpora allow us to provide a much more reliable and insightful view into English syntax than was possible even four or five years ago.
Extraction studies of actinides and lanthanides by bifunctional H-phosphonates
Authors: Rao C. V. S. Brahmmananda , Jayalakshmi S. , Subramaniam S. , Sivaraman N. , Vasudeva Rao P. R.
Published: December 2014

The extraction behavior of actinides and lanthanides was investigated
by three homologues of H-phosphonates viz. diamylhydrogen
phosphonate (DAHP), dihexylhydrogen phosphonate (DHeHP) and
dioctylhydrogen phosphonate (DOHP). These compounds were synthesized,
characterized by using elemental analysis, IR, NMR (1H,
13C and 31P) and mass spectroscopy. The
extraction behavior of these ligands was compared with a member of
dialkylalkyl phosphonate viz. diamylamyl phosphonate (DAAP). The
present study has been taken up to understand the influence of
phosphorus bonded hydrogen and alkyl groups in H-phosphonates
on the extraction behavior of actinides and lanthanides. The important
physicochemical properties such as density, viscosity, phase
disengagement time, dispersion number and solubility are also reported
for the first time. These compounds extract actinides through the
P–OH group which is present in tautomeric equilibrium
with the P–H bond at lower acidities, and through the
phosphoryl group at higher acidities thus exhibiting a dual
behaviour. The physical properties can be modified by suitably
designing the extractant based on the requirement for a given
purpose. The H-phosphonates have potential applications in
pre-concentration of large quantities of dilute solutions of uranium
and plutonium.
Sequestering of thorium ions from aqueous media on rice husk: Equilibrium, kinetic and thermodynamic studies
Authors: Zafar Shagufta , Khalid Nasir , Mirza Muhammad Latif
Published: December 2014

The adsorption behaviour of thorium on rice husk has been studied by optimizing different parameters like nature of
electrolyte, amount of adsorbent, equilibration time, metal concentration, and temperature, employing batch method and
radiotracer technique. Maximum adsorption was observed at 0.0001 mol L
–1 HNO3, using 0.1 g of
adsorbent for 4 cm3 of 5.19 · 10
–5 mol L
–1 of Th+4 solution in fifteen minutes equilibration
time. The adsorption phenomenon was verified by FTIR, SEM and EDX techniques. The adsorption data was well fitted to
Freundlich, Langmuir and Dubinin-Radushkevich isotherm equations. The characteristic Freundlich constants i.e.
1/n = 0.528 ± 0.019 and K = 4.88 × 10−4 ± 1.29 · 10
–5 mol g
–1 whereas the Langmuir constants
Q
m = (4.159 ± 0.234) × 10
–6 mol g
–1 and K
L = (3.627 ± 0.328) × 104 dm3 mol
–1 have been computed for the sorption system. The sorption free energy was found to be
11.24 ± 0.211 kJ mol
–1 showing chemisorption nature of interaction between thorium and rice husk. The results
showed that thorium adsorption on rice husk follows pseudo 2nd order with rate constant =
1.448 g mg
–1 min
–1. The determined negative values of ΔG indicated spontaneity of the process, whereas
the positive values of ΔH and ΔS confirmed endothermic nature and increased randomness during the adsorption
process respectively. The removal of Th+4 ions from spiked tap water was checked by employing the optimized experimental
parameters which indicated that rice husk is a good adsorbent for thorium ions and may be used for waste management of
radionuclides.
Evaluation of a generalized Selberg integral
Authors: Nagar Daya K. , Naranjo-Ríos Sandra Milena , Gupta Arjun K.
Published: December 2014

In this article, we evaluate the integral

∫

0

1

∫

0

1

x

α
+
g
-
1

y

α
+
h
-
1

(
1
-
x
)

β
+
k
-
1

(
1
-
y
)

β
+
ℓ
-
1

|

x
-
y

|

2
γ

d
y

d
x
,

$
\int _{0}^{1}\int _{0}^{1} x^{\alpha +g-1}y^{\alpha +h -1}(1-x)^{\beta +k-1} (1-y)^{\beta +\ell -1} |{x -y}|^{2\gamma }\,\mathrm {d}y\,\mathrm {d}x ,
$

where α > 0, β > 0,
γ ≥ 0, and g, h, k, ℓ are positive integers. Explicit expressions of the above integral are derived in simple elementary functions for various values of g, h, k, and ℓ.
A Shigella flexneri Virulence Plasmid Encoded Factor Controls Production of Outer Membrane Vesicles
Authors: Sidik Saima , Kottwitz Haila , Benjamin Jeremy , Ryu Julie , Jarrar Ameer , Garduno Rafael , Rohde John R
Published: December 2014

Shigella spp. use a repertoire of virulence plasmid-encoded factors to cause shigellosis. These include components of a Type III Secretion Apparatus (T3SA) that is required for invasion of epithelial cells and many genes of unknown function. We constructed an array of 99 deletion mutants comprising all genes encoded by the virulence plasmid (excluding those known to be required for plasmid maintenance) of Shigella flexneri. We screened these mutants for their ability to bind the dye Congo red: an indicator of T3SA function. This screen focused our attention on an operon encoding genes that modify the cell envelope including virK, a gene of partially characterized function. We discovered that virK is required for controlled release of proteins to the culture supernatant. Mutations in virK result in a temperature-dependent overproduction of outer membrane vesicles (OMVs). The periplasmic chaperone/protease DegP, a known regulator of OMV production in Escherichia coli (encoded by a chromosomal gene), was found to similarly control OMV production in S. flexneri. Both virK and degP show genetic interactions with mxiD, a structural component of the T3SA. Our results are consistent with a model in which VirK and DegP relieve the periplasmic stress that accompanies assembly of the T3SA.
A Neuroprotective Function of NSF1 Sustains Autophagy and Lysosomal Trafficking inDrosophila
Authors: Babcock Daniel T , Shen Wei , Ganetzky Barry
Published: December 2014

A common feature of many neurodegenerative diseases is the accumulation of toxic proteins that disrupt vital cellular functions. Degradative pathways such as autophagy play an important protective role in breaking down misfolded and long-lived proteins. Neurons are particularly vulnerable to defects in these pathways, but many of the details regarding the link between autophagy and neurodegeneration remain unclear. We previously found that temperature-sensitive paralytic mutants in Drosophila are enriched for those exhibiting age-dependent neurodegeneration. Here we show that one of these mutants, comatose (comt), in addition to locomotor defects, displays shortened lifespan and progressive neurodegeneration, including loss of dopaminerigic (DA) neurons. comt encodes N-ethyl-maleimide sensitive fusion protein (NSF1), which has a well-documented role in synaptic transmission. However, the neurodegenerative phenotypes we observe in comt mutants do not appear to depend on defects in synaptic transmission, but rather from their inability to sustain autophagy under stress, due at least in part to a defect in trafficking of lysosomal proteases such as cathepsin-L. Conversely, overexpression of NSF1 rescues α-synuclein-induced toxicity of DA neurons in a model of Parkinson’s disease. Our results demonstrate a neuroprotective role for NSF1 that involves mediation of fusion events crucial for degradative pathways such as autophagy, providing greater understanding of cellular dysfunctions common to several neurodegenerative diseases.
Cryptic Virulence and Avirulence Alleles Revealed by Controlled Sexual Recombination in Pea Aphids
Authors: Kanvil Sadia , Collins C Matilda , Powell Glen , Turnbull Colin G N
Published: December 2014

Although aphids are worldwide crop pests, little is known about aphid effector genes underlying virulence and avirulence. Here we show that controlling the genetics of both aphid and host can reveal novel recombinant genotypes with previously undetected allelic variation in both virulence and avirulence functions. Clonal F1 progeny populations were derived from reciprocal crosses and self-matings between two parental genotypes of pea aphid (Acyrthosiphon pisum) differing in virulence on a Medicago truncatula host carrying the RAP1 and RAP2 resistance genes. These populations showed Mendelian segregation consistent with aphid performance being controlled largely by a dominant virulence allele derived from only one parent. Altered segregation ratios on near-isogenic host genotypes differing in the region carrying RAP1 were indicative of additional heritable functions likely related to avirulence genes originating from both parents. Unexpectedly, some virulent F1 progeny were recovered from selfing of an avirulent parent, suggesting a reservoir of cryptic alleles. Host chlorosis was associated with virulence, whereas necrotic hypersensitive-like response was not. No maternal inheritance was found for any of these characteristics, ruling out sex-linked, cytoplasmic, and endosymbiotic factors. Our results demonstrate the tractability of dissecting the genetic basis of pest-host resistance mechanisms and indicate that the annual sexual cycle in aphids may lead to frequent novel genotypes with both increased and decreased virulence. Availability of genomes for both pest and host can facilitate definition of cognate gene-for-gene relationships, potentially leading to selection of crop genotypes with multiple resistance traits.
Novel Low Temperature Molten Salt Synthesis of a Li5La3Nb2O12 Solid State Electrolyte and Its Properties
Authors: Teng Shiang , Wang Wei , Tiwari Ashutosh
Published: December 2014

The solid state electrolyte (SSE) of Li5La3Nb2O12 (LLNO) was synthesized via a novel molten salt synthesis (MSS) method at the relatively low temperature of 900°C. The low sintering temperature prevented the loss of lithium that commonly occurs during synthesis of the SSE using conventional solid state or wet chemical reactions. Recent publications have demonstrated that preserving the Li content is critical in improving the ionic conductivity of SSEs. The LLNO in this experiment showed a high Li-ion conductivity which is comparable to other values reported for LLNO. X-ray diffraction (XRD) measurements confirmed the formation of the cubic garnet Ia-3d crystal structure. In addition, the morphology was examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), which showed a uniform grain size and crack-free microstructure. These results demonstrate that MSS is a powerful synthesis method to fabricate LLNO at a relatively low temperature while still achieving a high quality material.
Glass as dielectric for high temperature power capacitors
Authors: Patey Timothy J , Schlegel Christoph , Logakis Emmanuel
Published: December 2014

Modern polypropylene film power capacitors are state of the art for power factor correction and many DC link applications, but their long-term commercial use is limited to temperatures of less than 85°C. The temperature limit is given by the dielectric polypropylene which has a melting point in the range of 140 to 170°C, while glass is much higher. Thus, the temperature limit could potentially be overcome by use of thin, alkali-free glass as dielectric. “Glass capacitors” employing ultra-thin and high purity glass layers are promising devices for high temperature applications in oil, gas, aerospace, hybrid electric vehicles, DC transmission, and pulsed power systems. This includes emerging power electronic systems using silicon carbide switches and diodes.

This work analyzes and compares various glasses with a thickness of less than 50 µm by dielectric spectroscopy and elemental analysis. It is demonstrated that glass is attractive as dielectric for a wide frequency range up to 200°C. It argues that the dielectric losses are currently too great for thin glass to be used within a commercial power capacitor.

While high temperature prototypes already exist, we demonstrate through our analysis that further developments are required to integrate this promising device into commercial systems. It is seen that even trace amounts of alkali materials can have an impact on losses. These losses must be further reduced through fundamental research into polarization/conduction mechanisms of various glass components.
Agravos à saúde referidos pelos trabalhadores de enfermagem em um hospital público da Bahia
Authors: Machado Luciana Souza de Freitas , Rodrigues Eder Pereira , Oliveira Luciana de Matos Mota , Laudano Rodrigo Cunha Sales , Nascimento Sobrinho Carlito Lopes
Published: December 2014

Embora o trabalho seja essencial à vida humana, o contexto no qual é realizado pode desencadear tensão, desajuste e consequente adoecimento. Estudos apontam a Enfermagem como uma ocupação com alto risco para adoecimento, em especial no ambiente hospitalar. O objetivo deste estudo foi estimar a ocorrência de agravos à saúde referidos pelos trabalhadores de enfermagem em um hospital na Bahia. Estudo de corte transversal envolvendo 309 profissionais. As queixas de saúde mais frequentes relacionaram-se a sintomas osteomusculares como dor nas pernas 66,4% (192) e dor nas costas 61,8% (178); e à saúde mental com predomínio de cansaço mental 47% (131) e nervosismo 33,7% (93). Os resultados apontam que enfermeiros apresentaram maior frequência de agravos posturais e queixas de saúde mental enquanto as queixas de agravos respiratórios foram mais prevalentes entre técnicos e auxiliares. Estes resultados evidenciam necessidade de maior consciência do processo de trabalho e realização de atividades preventivas.
Instrumento para avaliação da qualidade do Time de Resposta Rápida em um hospital universitário público
Authors: Dias Alexsandro Oliveira , Martins Eleine Aparecida Penha , Haddad Maria do Carmo Lourenço
Published: December 2014

O artigo descreve a construção de um questionário para avaliação da qualidade do atendimento de um Time de Resposta Rápida, em Hospital Universitário de Londrina-PR, fundamentado no modelo conceitual de Donabedian (estrutura-processoresultado). A coleta de dados ocorreu no mês de março de 2012 e o processo de adequação do questionário foi desenvolvido com a aplicação da Técnica Delphi com a participação de 15 especialistas. Ao término do estudo obteve-se um questionário com 37 enunciados, sendo alcançado índice de concordância final na pesquisa com valores superiores a 80% para todos os conceitos. Espera-se que as contribuições do grupo de especialistas tornem o instrumento confiável e seja aplicado em outros serviços semelhantes. Aplicações futuras deste instrumento poderão trazer subsídios para melhor avaliação da qualidade dos serviços de equipes de Resposta Rápida.
Distress do paciente oncológico: prevalência e fatores associados na opinião de familiares
Authors: Albuquerque Karla Alexsandra de , Pimenta Cibele Andrucioli de Mattos
Published: December 2014

Este estudo verificou a prevalência e fatores associados ao distress de pacientes oncológicos, na opinião de familiares. Foram entrevistados 140 familiares responsáveis pelo cuidado de pacientes com câncer. O Termômetro de Distress foi adaptado para uso em familiares. Estes consideraram que 72,9% dos pacientes estavam com distress relacionado a preocupações (80,4%), nervosismo (78,4%), tristeza (74,5%), dor (67,6%), fadiga (67,6%) e problemas com alimentação (57,8%). Modelos de regressão logística hierárquica mostraram que, enquanto familiares do sexo masculino (OR=0,025) e idades mais avançadas (OR=0,006 a 0,059) tiveram menor risco de perceber o distress, indivíduos protestantes, comparados a católicos, tiveram chance 12,77 vezes maior de percebê-lo. Quanto aos fatores associados, nervosismo (OR=10,8) contribuiu significativamente mais com a percepção de distress pelos familiares quando comparado a fadiga (OR=3,38) ou ter plano de saúde privado (OR=2,55). Familiares podem ser grandes aliados na avaliação e acompanhamento do distress de pacientes com câncer.
Ressignificação da vida do cuidador do paciente idoso com câncer
Authors: Anjos Anna Cláudia Yokoyama dos , Zago Márcia Maria Fontão
Published: December 2014

O estudo objetivou analisar o processo de tornar-se cuidador de idoso com câncer, submetido a quimioterapia, no contexto domiciliar. Estudo exploratório, com orientação teórico-metodológica da antropologia interpretativa e estudo de caso etnográfico. Os dados foram coletados de janeiro a setembro de 2009, com quatro cuidadores, por entrevistas semiestruturadas, observação e consulta em prontuários. Com a analise dos dados foram construídas quatro unidades de significação. Apresentamos neste artigo a unidade temática "A ressignificação da vida do cuidador", composta por aspectos positivos da atividade de cuidar e de ajudar a superar dificuldades, como união, solidariedade, oportunidade de reaproximação. As dificuldades foram mais evidentes, principalmente pelo despreparo para cuidar em domicilio, que levou a transformações nas relações familiares e sociais do cuidador, resultando em comprometimento dos aspectos físicos, emocionais e sociais. O enfermeiro, como agente do cuidar, deve prover qualificação adequada ao cuidador, auxiliando-o no enfrentamento da doença e na melhoria da relação cuidador-paciente-serviço.
Percepção materna quanto aos filhos recém-nascidos hospitalizados
Authors: Carmona Elenice Valentim , Vale Ianê Nogueira do , Ohara Conceição Vieira da Silva , Abrão Ana Cristina Freitas de Vilhena
Published: December 2014

Estudo transversal e descritivo, desenvolvido em unidade neonatal de um hospital público de ensino do estado de São Paulo, Brasil, em que se objetivou verificar a percepção das mães quanto aos filhos recém-nascidos hospitalizados. A amostra foi constituída por 100 mulheres, questionadas, por meio do Inventário de Percepção Neonatal de Broussard, sobre quanta dificuldade esperavam que os bebês da unidade, em geral, apresentassem para comportamentos como: chorar; alimentar; regurgitar ou vomitar; evacuar; dormir e estabelecer uma rotina. Em seguida, as mesmas perguntas foram repetidas sobre o próprio filho. Noventa mães consideraram os filhos com menos dificuldades que os outros bebês da unidade. As mulheres mais jovens e as mães de bebês com maiores pesos tenderam a considerar seus filhos com mais dificuldade. O Inventário é de fácil aplicação e pode ser útil no processo de avaliação da interação mãe-filho, embora seu resultado não possa ser considerado de forma isolada.
Qualidade de vida em mulheres no climatério atendidas na Atenção Primária
Authors: Miranda Jéssica Steffany , Ferreira Maria de Lourdes da Silva Marques , Corrente José Eduardo
Published: December 2014

A vivência do climatério está cada vez mais presente, e demanda estratégias que melhorem a qualidade de vida das mulheres nesse período. A pesquisa objetivou avaliar a qualidade de vida de mulheres na fase do climatério, com ou sem uso da terapia de reposição hormonal (TRH). Estudo epidemiológico longitudinal, com amostra de 99 mulheres para cada grupo. Avaliaram-se as características sociodemográficas, clínicas e comportamentais. Foram aplicados à amostra a Menopause Rating Scale (MRS) e o Medical Outcomes Study 36-item Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36). Utilizaram-se os testes t de student, Qui-quadrado e Tukey. As usuárias de TRH apresentaram média etária de 50,76 ± 3,63 anos, e as não usuárias de 48,95 ± 6,27anos (p=0,01). Relataram maior frequência de sintomas climatéricos de intensidade leve a moderada. Os aspectos sociais apresentaram escore abaixo de 50 para os dois grupos. Houve diferenças entre os grupos em relação aos componentes do SF-36 e MRS para estado geral de saúde, capacidade funcional, menor capacidade, depressão, insônia e fenômenos vasomotores.
Prejuízos nutricionais e distúrbios no padrão de sono de trabalhadores da Enfermagem
Authors: Coelho Martina Pafume , Pinto Olaine Oliveira , Mota Maria Carliana , Crispim Cibele Aparecida
Published: December 2014

Este artigo apresenta uma revisão integrativa das publicações científicas da última década, que investigaram os hábitos de sono, a ingestão alimentar e o estado nutricional de profissionais de enfermagem. Foram analisados artigos publicados em periódicos nacionais e internacionais no período de 2002 a 2014, disponibilizados na base de dados PubMed/MEDLINE (USA National Library of Medicine), Lilacs / SciELO (Scientific Eletronic Library Online) e Google Acadêmico. Trinta e um artigos preencheram os critérios estabelecidos. Na análise destes estudos foi identificada elevada prevalência de sobrepeso e obesidade, além de uma modificação negativa nos hábitos alimentares, bem como prejuízos na dinâmica do sono dos profissionais da área de enfermagem
Prevalence of comorbidities between mood and anxiety disorders: associated factors in a population sample of young adults in southern Brazil
Authors: Molina Mariane Ricardo Acosta Lopez , Spessato Bárbara , Jansen Karen , Pinheiro Ricardo , Silva Ricardo , Souza Luciano Dias de Mattos
Published: December 2014

This research aims to evaluate factors associated with the presence of comorbidities between mood and anxiety disorders in young adults aged 18 to 24 years, from Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil. This was a cross-sectional, population-based study with a probabilistic sample by conglomerates. The Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI) was used to assess mood and anxiety disorders. The prevalence of mental disorders in the sample (n = 1,561) was of 26.8% of which 9.7% had comorbidities between mood and anxiety disorders. The prevalence of comorbidities on mood and anxiety disorders is almost three times higher among women than men (p < 0.001). Lower education levels, socioeconomic status (p < 0.001) and a history of divorced parents (p < 0.050) was associated with comorbidities between mood and anxiety disorders. The main conclusion is that social factors are highly associated with comorbidities between mood and anxiety disorders. Prevention strategies on mental health should focus particularly on women in vulnerable social conditions.
The financial crisis and health care systems in Europe: universal care under threat? Trends in health sector reforms in Germany, the United Kingdom, and Spain
Authors: Giovanella Lígia , Stegmüller Klaus
Published: December 2014

The paper analyzes trends in contemporary health sector reforms in three European countries with Bismarckian and Beveridgean models of national health systems within the context of strong financial pressure resulting from the economic crisis (2008-date), and proceeds to discuss the implications for universal care. The authors examine recent health system reforms in Spain, Germany, and the United Kingdom. Health systems are described using a matrix to compare state intervention in financing, regulation, organization, and services delivery. The reforms’ impacts on universal care are examined in three dimensions: breadth of population coverage, depth of the services package, and height of coverage by public financing. Models of health protection, institutionality, stakeholder constellations, and differing positions in the European economy are factors that condition the repercussions of restrictive policies that have undermined universality to different degrees in the three dimensions specified above and have extended policies for regulated competition as well as commercialization in health care systems.
Coordenação da assistência prestada às pessoas que vivem com HIV/AIDS em um município do Estado de São Paulo, Brasil
Authors: Lopes Livia Maria , Magnabosco Gabriela Tavares , Andrade Rubia Laine de Paula , Ponce Maria Amélia Zanon , Wysocki Anneliese Domingues , Ravanholi Glaucia Morandim , Nogueira Jordana de Almeida , Pinto Ione Carvalho , Neves Lis Aparecida , Neves Fátima Regina de Almeida Lima , Reis Renata Karina , Villa Tereza Cristina Scatena , Scatena Lúcia Marina , Monroe Aline Aparecida
Published: December 2014

Objetivou-se analisar a coordenação das ações e serviços de saúde na assistência às pessoas que vivem com HIV/AIDS. Trata-se de um estudo seccional com 301 pessoas que vivem com HIV/AIDS. A análise foi feita por técnicas descritivas, analise de variância e comparação múltiplas de médias. Encontrou-se que a coordenação da assistência foi satisfatória (média = 3,69 e DP = 1,74). As pessoas que vivem com HIV/AIDS utilizavam outros serviços de saúde além dos Serviços de Assistência Especializada em HIV/AIDS – SAE (Pronto Atendimento: 67%; atenção básica: 43,2%; outros serviços especializados: 23,6%; serviços privados: 15%). Os cinco SAE apresentaram diferentes desempenhos, bem como distintos contextos e composições assistenciais, entretanto adequado manejo dos aspectos clínicos em detrimento dos sociais. O fornecimento da guia de referência foi tido como satisfatório, entretanto a guia de contrarreferência insatisfatório. Há necessidade de estratégias que favoreçam o desenvolvimento de ações compartilhadas e cooperadas dentro das equipes dos SAE e entre os diferentes serviços com o intuito de fortalecer a produção de cuidado resolutivo.
Aspectos psicossociais do trabalho e transtornos mentais comuns em pilotos civis
Authors: Feijó Denise , Câmara Volney Magalhães , Luiz Ronir Raggio
Published: December 2014

O objetivo foi investigar a associação entre aspectos psicossociais do trabalho e prevalência de transtornos mentais comuns (TMC) em pilotos da aviação civil brasileira. Estudo transversal quantitativo utilizando os instrumentos de autopreenchimento Job Content Questionnaire (JCQ) e Self-Reporting Questionnaire (SRQ-20). Foram avaliados 778 pilotos. No modelo de regressão logística múltipla se observa forte associação entre alta exigência e prevalência de TMC, quando comparada com baixa exigência, definida como referência (OR ajustado = 29,0). No modelo ajustado final permaneceram estatisticamente associadas às variáveis carga de trabalho e prática regular de exercício físico. A prevalência esperada de TMC nos pilotos do subgrupo de alta exigência, com carga pesada de trabalho e que não realizavam exercícios físicos, foi de 39,7%, enquanto que para os indivíduos de baixa exigência, que praticam exercícios e têm carga leve de trabalho foi de 0,4%. As condições de trabalho podem ser consideradas como potenciais fatores contribuintes para o surgimento de TMC, com provável impacto na segurança de voo.
Time spent by Brazilian students in different modes of transport going to school: changes over a decade (2001-2011)
Authors: Silva Kelly Samara , Lopes Adair da Silva , Silva Rosane Carla Rosendo da , Costa Filipe Ferreira , Assis Maria Alice Altenburg de , Nahas Markus Vinicius
Published: December 2014

To examine changes in the time spent in each mode of transportation used for going to school by gender and age among adolescents from Santa Catarina State, Brazil. Two school-based surveys were performed in 2001 (N = 5,028) and 2011 (N = 6,529) in high school students (15-19 years old). The mode of transportation (on foot; by bicycle; by bus; car/motorcycle) and the time spent for commuting to school were assessed. Active commuting increased for short trips in both genders (male: 25.1% to 36.7%; female: 18.8% to 29.2%) and in all ages (15-16 years: 21% to 32.7%; 17-19 years: 21.9% to 32.4%), and declined for longer trips in males (30.5% to 21.9%) and in 15-16 years old students (25.7% to 34.7%). Car/motorcycle use has doubled for short trips in males (38.1% to 65.9%) and in 17-19 years old students (37.7% to 62.7%), while the use of buses remained stable in both genders. Our findings contribute to discussions on public policy focusing on the design of safe environments to promote active commuting to schools, particularly to decrease the use of motorized transport for short trips.
Individual and social determinants of self-rated health and well-being in the elderly population of Portugal
Authors: Silva Pedro Alcântara da
Published: December 2014

This article aims to identify the main determinants of self-rated health and well-being in the elderly Portuguese population, using a set of dimensions including demographic and socioeconomic indicators, characteristics of interpersonal networks and social activities, health, sexual activity, representations of aging, and feeling of happiness. Taking socioeconomic, behavioral, and attitudinal predictors into account to analyze the explanatory value of the interrelated dimensions and weights for each factor, the author argues that social capital, activities associated with active aging, and greater optimism towards aging can contribute greatly to better self-rated health and wellbeing among the elderly, partially offsetting the effect of socioeconomic factors and illness associated with age.
Associations between time spent traveling in motor vehicles and physical activity in Colombian adults from urban areas
Authors: Paez Diana C. , Gomez Luis F. , Mallarino Christina , Arango Carlos M. , Flórez Alberto , Nylander Andrew , Parra Diana C.
Published: December 2014

Sedentary behaviors are associated with less physical activity. Little evidence exists about this association and its relation with commuting time in Latin America. This study examined the association between time spent traveling in motor vehicles and physical activity levels in the domains of leisure time physical activity and transportation, among Colombian adults in urban areas. A secondary data analysis of the 2010 National Nutrition Survey was conducted. Time spent traveling in motor vehicles and physical activity were assessed using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire. Binary logistic regressions were conducted. Time spent traveling in motor vehicles for 120 minutes or more was reported among 27.6% of the sample. The prevalence of walking and bicycling as a means of transportation for at least 150 minutes per week was 34% and 4.4%, respectively. Achieving at least 150 minutes of leisure time physical activity a week was reported by 18.4% of the sample. This study suggests negative associations between time spent traveling in motor vehicles and active transport, with significant trend associations in stratified analyses. No significant associations were found between time spent traveling in motor vehicles and leisure time physical activity.
Physicochemical Properties and Interfacial Adaptation of Root Canal Sealers
Authors: Cañadas Piedad S. , Berástegui Ester , Gaton-Hernández Patrícia , Silva Léa A. B. , Leite Giselle A. , Silva Roberto S.
Published: December 2014

This study compared the physicochemical properties and interfacial adaptation to canal walls of Endo-CPM-Sealer, Sealapex and Activ GP with the well-established AH Plus sealer. The following analyses were performed: radiopacity, pH variation and solubility using samples of each material and scanning electron microscopy of root-filled bovine incisors to evaluate the interfacial adaptation. Data were analyzed by the parametric and no-parametric tests (α=0.05). All materials were in accordance with the ANSI/ADA requirements for radiopacity. Endo-CPM-Sealer presented the lowest radiopacity values and AH Plus was the most radiopaque sealer (p=0.0001). Except for ActiV GP, which was acidic, all other sealers had basic chemical nature and released hydroxyl ions. Regarding solubility, all materials met the ANSI/ADA recommendations, with no statistically significant difference between the sealers (p=0.0834). AH Plus presented the best adaptation to canal walls in the middle (p=0.0023) and apical (p=0.0012) thirds, while the sealers Activ GP and Endo-CPM-Sealer had poor adaptation to the canal walls. All sealers, except for ActiV GP, were alkaline and all of them fulfilled the ANSI/ADA requirements for radiopacity and solubility. Regarding the interfacial adaptation, AH Plus was superior to the others considering the adaptation to the bovine root canal walls.
Measurement of Elastic Modulus and Vickers Hardness of Surround Bone Implant Using Dynamic Microindentation - Parameters Definition
Authors: Soares Priscilla Barbosa Ferreira , Nunes Sarah Arantes , Franco Sinésio Domingues , Pires Raphael Rezende , Zanetta-Barbosa Darceny , Soares Carlos José
Published: December 2014

The clinical performance of dental implants is strongly defined by biomechanical principles. The aim of this study was to quantify the Vicker's hardness (VHN) and elastic modulus (E) surround bone to dental implant in different regions, and to discuss the parameters of dynamic microindantion test. Ten cylindrical implants with morse taper interface (Titamax CM, Neodent; 3.5 mm diameter and 7 mm a height) were inserted in rabbit tibia. The mechanical properties were analyzed using microhardness dynamic indenter with 200 mN load and 15 s penetration time. Seven continuous indentations were made distancing 0.08 mm between each other perpendicularly to the implant-bone interface towards the external surface, at the limit of low (Lp) and high implant profile (Hp). Data were analyzed by Student's t-test (a=0.05) to compare the E and VHN values obtained on both regions. Mean and standard deviation of E (GPa) were: Lp. 16.6 ± 1.7, Hp. 17.0 ± 2.5 and VHN (N/mm2): Lp. 12.6 ± 40.8, Hp. 120.1 ± 43.7. No statistical difference was found between bone mechanical properties of high and low profile of the surround bone to implant, demonstrating that the bone characterization homogeneously is pertinent. Dynamic microindantion method proved to be highly useful in the characterization of the individual peri-implant bone tissue.
Aggressive Multilocular Osteoblastoma in the Mandible: A Rare and Difficult Case to Diagnose
Authors: Pontual Maria Luiza Anjos , Pontual Andréa Anjos , Grempel Rafael Grotta , Campos Leonardo Rocha Mendes , Costa Antonio de Lisboa Lopes , Godoy Gustavo Pina
Published: December 2014

Osteoblastoma is a benign neoplasia and is uncommon in the jaws. In some cases, this lesion presents extremely aggressive local characteristics and is termed aggressive osteoblastoma. Because the clinical, radiographic and histopathologic characteristics are similar to those of a variety of benign and malignant tumors, it poses a diagnostic dilemma. This report presents a case of an aggressive osteoblastoma in the mandible and discusses the differential diagnosis of this lesion. A 13-year-old white male sought the Stomatology Clinic at the State University of Paraíba, Campina Grande, PB, Brazil, complaining of asymptomatic swelling on the left side of his face. Cone-beam computerized tomography showed a multilocular, hypodense bone lesion, located in the body of the left mandible and lower third of the ascending ramus. The initial diagnostic hypothesis was juvenile ossifying fibroma or osteosarcoma. After histopathologic examination, the final diagnosis was aggressive osteoblastoma. Surgical resection with a safety margin was performed. There was no evidence of recurrence after a follow-up period of 4 years.