bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ДЕРЖАВНЕ УПРАВЛІННЯ ВИЩОЮ ОСВІТОЮ У США КРІЗЬ ПРИЗМУ АКРЕДИТАЦІЇ
Authors: Воробйова Оксана
Published: March 2022

Метою даної статті є аналіз державного управління вищою освітою у США через призму процесу акредитації. Розвиток сучасного суспільства спонукає до того, що галузь вищої освіти є пріоритетною у національній стратегії розвитку, адже її діяльність спрямована на підготовку спеціалістів нового формату, тому питання управління вищою освітою залишається актуальним, а процес акредитації є підтвердження якості підготовки в університеті та гармонізації національних освітніх систем. Основою реалізації дослідницької мети є використання таких методів, як аналіз (проаналізовано основні засади процесу акредитації у США), синтез (визначено практико-прикладні аспекти реалізації системи державного управління у галузі вищої освіти щодо забезпечення якості), узагальнення (визначено особливості державного управління у США вищою освітою у контексті акредитації) тощо. Визначено, що роль Міністерства освіти США (US Department of Education) щодо процесу акредитації університетів полягає у здійсненні нагляду за виданими федеральними органами акредитаційними документами, несе відповідальність за акредитаційні агенції, є гарантом додержання стандартів з акредитації, періодичне оприлюднення списку національних агенцій з акредитації. Констатовано основні акредитаційні заходи: стандарти; самостійне вивчення; оцінка на місці; рішення та оприлюднення; моніторинг; переоцінка. Ідентифіковано основні підходи щодо покращення політики акредитації, а саме: підвищення відповідності як стандарту; відновлення регуляторної координації; підвищення академічної та кар’єрної мобільності; забезпечення інноваційної освітньої практики; захист інституційної автономії; оцінювання за загальними показниками; оптимізація процесів визнання акредитатора; заохочення акредитаторів до підтримки інноваційних практик. На основі аналізу досвіду США щодо державного управління вищою освітою у контексті акредитації можна сформулювати такі пропозиції щодо вдосконалення цієї діяльності в Україні: при розробленні та оцінюванні освітніх програм акредитація має здійснюватися незалежними агенціями з акредитації, що на державному рівні затверджуються найвищим органом виконавчої влади у цій сфері; органи державного управління мають зосередити свою увагу на розробленні державної політики у сфері вищої освіти, перманентному контролі щодо її реалізації, контроль за акредитаційним агенціями; використовуючи досвід США, слід удосконалити механізм, порядок та процедуру проведення акредитації освітніх програм.
Серед перспективних напрямів дослідження проблеми державного управління вищою освітою в США слід вказати управління у сфері електронного навчання та розвитку віртуальних освітніх ресурсів.
Impact research of CH4 replacement with CO2 in hydrous coal under high pressure injection
Authors: Chen Liwei , Zhao Mingzhen , Li Xiaohua , Liu Yuan
Published: March 2022

Purpose. Based on high-pressure gas injection technology that enhances coal seam gas drainage, the effect of CH4 replacement with CO2 in aquiferous coal has been studied. Methods. Using the laboratory experimental method and the self-built high-pressure gas injection experimental device, high-pressure CO2 is injected into coal with different moisture contents to replace CH4 under different adsorption equilibrium pressures. Findings. With an increase in coal moisture content, the adsorption capacity of coal for CH4 and CO2 gradually weakens, the adsorption capacity for CO2 is always greater than that of CH4, and the CH4 replacement rate and the CO2 injection ratio gradually decrease. It is concluded that the CH4 replacement rate and the CO2 injection ratio are negatively correlated with the water content of coal. With an increase of the pre-adsorption equilibrium CH4 pressure (0.5, 0.75, 1.0, 1.3 and 2.0 MPa), the CH4 replacement rate and the CO2 injection ratio first sharply and then slowly increase. The transition point is 1.3 MPa (pre-adsorption equilibrium pressure of CH4). Originality. Based on the adsorption characteristics of coal seam gas injection, the influence of coal water content and gas injection pressure on CH4 replacement rate and CO2 injection ratio is analyzed, and the mechanism is studied. Practical implications. The experimental results have important guiding significance for selecting reasonable gas injection pressure and the source of gas to drive its injection into underground coal seam.
Pendekatan Monodisipliner: Sosok Tokoh Dalam Pemahaman Novel Sastra Indonesia
Authors: Rokhyanto Rokyanto , Salamah Umi , Nurwakhid Nurwakhid
Published: March 2022

This Indonesian Literary Novel contains various kinds of incidents, such as events of real people living in the world, both mere fiction and reality. Every good literary work always carries ethical and moral messages, so that good literature always voices ethical, moral, and full of mandates. The problems in this paper are: what are the figures in Indonesian literary novels ?; what are the problems that exist in the character figures in Indonesian literary novels ?; (3) what are the details of the two problems in the Indonesian literary novel? The purpose of this paper is: want to study in detail, want to examine in detail the figure of a character in Indonesian literary novels and want to know in detail the problems that exist in the figure of the character and want to know a detailed description according to the two problems in Indonesian literary novels. This paper uses a qualitative approach, which data is in the form of words, phrases, sentences, in the dialogue of characters in Indonesian literary novels. Data collection techniques in this paper are: text analysis in the form of exposure to language in the novel. The results of this paper produce a character who cares for the poor, a Kiai who is always patient and does not have a sad face. The figure of an irresponsible mother, a husband and wife who divorced because of angry lust, a child who lacks gratitude, and a mother who is not honest.
HISTORICKÝ VÝVOJ A SÚČASNÁ PODOBA PRÁVA ŽIVOTNÉHO PROSTREDIA EURÓPSKEJ ÚNIE V KONTEXTE VPLYVU MEDZINÁRODNÉHO PRÁVA ŽIVOTNÉHO PROSTREDIA
Authors: Jankuv Juraj
Published: March 2022

Príspevok je venovaný analýze historického vývoja a súčasnej podoby práva životného prostredia EÚ v kontexte vplyvu medzinárodného práva životného prostredia. Jeho jednotlivé časti sú venované historickému vývoju a súčasnej podobe medzinárodného práva životného prostredia, historickému vývoju a systému práva životného prostredia Európskej únie v kontexte vplyvu medzinárodného práva životného prostredia, problematike subjektov a aktérov práva životného prostredia Európskej únie, tematike prameňov a zásad práva Európskej únie a problematike prienikov práva životného prostredia Európskej únie a medzinárodného práva životného prostredia. Uvedené analýzy vytvoria teoretický základ pre formuláciu záverov týkajúcich sa historického vývoja a súčasnej podoby práva životného prostredia EÚ v korelácii s pravidlami medzinárodného práva životného prostredi
PEŇAŽNÝ TREST V HISTORICKO-PRÁVNOM A KOMPARATÍVNOM KONTEXTE
Authors: Michaľov Lukáš
Published: March 2022

Peňažný trest predstavuje de lege lata najvyužívanejší trest nespojený s odňatím slobody. Tento trest vystupuje ako jedna z významnejších a všeobecne akceptovaných alternatív ku krátkodobým trestom odňatia slobody. Popritom ide o jeden z mála alternatívnych trestov, ktoré boli predmetom regulácie aj skôr platných úprav, hoci nie vždy a nevyhnutne v pozícii alternatívy. Cieľom tohto príspevku je analyzovať úpravu peňažného trestu platnú na našom území od roku 1918 až po rekodifikáciu trestného práva hmotného v roku 2005. V nadväznosti nato autor skúma platnú a účinnú normatívnu reguláciu, a to tak z pohľadu teórie, ako aj vo svetle aktuálnych aplikačných záverov. V tretej časti článku autor ponúka zahraničnokomparatívny pohľad na právnu úpravu peňažného trestu v Rakúsku. Účelom článku je komparatívne zhodnotenie právnych úprav peňažného trestu a vyslovenie návrhov de lege ferenda.
Evaluation of Liquation Cracking Susceptibility of CM247LC Superalloy Repair Welds via Pre-Weld Varestraint Test
Authors: Jeong Ye-Seon , Jeong Jingon , Kim Se-Yun , Bae Sung-Hwan , Lee Uijong , Lee Hyungsoo , Seo Seong-Moon , Chun Eun-Joon
Published: March 2022

In this study, the liquation cracking susceptibility in the heat-affected zone of CM247LC superalloy gas turbine blades during repair welding was quantitatively evaluated using a newly developed pre-weld Varestraint test method. The repair welding geometry was replicated through Varestraint tests for the pre-weld bead. The liquation cracking susceptibility, that is, the liquation cracking temperature range (LCTR), could be evaluated through temperature visualization at the time of crack formation during the Varestraint test. The LCTR of CM247LC alloy repair welds (heat-affected zone of the second layer weld) was 280 K. Compared to the LCTR of as-cast (620 K) and aged (65 K) CM247LC, metallurgical mechanisms for controlling the LCTR of repair welds were examined based on the microstructural characterization and Scheil’s solidification calculations for the pre-weld. The LCTR of the CM247LC alloy repair weld was influenced by the MC carbide fraction and the segregated concentration of trace and impurity elements, such as B and S in pre-weld solidification path. A process design capable of reducing the fraction of MC carbides and solidification segregation of trace impurity elements is required. Based on the experimental and theoretical results, the proposed modified Varestraint testing method for dissimilar welds is expected to analyze the solidification cracking behavior effectively in manufacturing high-soundness CM247LC superalloy welds.
Conceptual approaches to rehabilitation of pesticide-polluted soils of Ukraine
Authors: Lishchuk A. , Draga M. , Horodyska І. , Ternovyi Yu.
Published: March 2022

The Concept of Rehabilitation of Contaminated Soils has been developed, which substantiates the ways to restore areas contaminated with persistent organic pesticides. The practical implementation of the Concept will contribute to the transfer of existing land use systems to the principles of sustainable agricultural development, as well as the preservation, reproduction and expansion of biodiversity, as well as improving the environmental safety of agro-ecosystems for sustainable development of the Agrosphere. The Concept combines ways of practical implementation of environmentally friendly methods of cleaning pesticide-contaminated areas and further use of rehabilitated land in the process of agricultural activity in Ukraine. The problem of pesticide pollution of agroecosystems is proposed to be solved by using scientifically sound ecologically safe methods of soil remediation with multicomponent pesticide pollution developed at the Institute of Agroecology and Environmental Management of NAAS, in particular using bioremediation methods. The following are proposed for use: methods of agroecological monitoring of areas contaminated with persistent organic pollutants, methods of phytotesting and phytoremediation of soils contaminated with resistant pesticides. For phytoremediation of contaminated soils, it is proposed to use annual cultivated (barley, wheat, beans, soybeans, zucchini, pumpkin) and wild (dandelion, bitter wormwood, common wormwood, wheatgrass) species of plant-mediators, which are suitable for phytostabilation and in the conditions of multicomponent soil pollution. The main stages of the Concept implementation are: complex agroecological monitoring of soils contaminated with residues of persistent organic pollutants (POPs); comprehensive ecotoxicological assessment of soil condition; determining the degree of chemical degradation of soils; adaptation of remediation technologies to the specifics of the area in need of cleaning; introduction of ecologically safe remediation methods into practical use; realization of prospects of further use of rehabilitated soils in various branches of agriculture; taking into account the ecological and economic efficiency of the use of remediation methods. Possibility and ways of using restored areas in the process of agricultural activity, taking into account the main stages of implementation of the Concept are set out in the developed in the Institute of Agroecology and Environmental Management of NAAS «Scientific and methodological recommendations for restoration of soil contaminated with organochlorine pesticides depending on their toxicity» and «Scientific and methodological recommendations for the use of restored areas in the process of agricultural activity».
Mapping of consumptive water use by winter wheat in the right-bank part of Сherkasy region
Authors: Mykolajko V. , Kyrylyuk V.
Published: March 2022

The article considers the issues of mapping and providing users with data on consumptive water use of winter wheat with a probability of 5%, 10%, 25%, 50%, 75%, 90%, 95% for administrative subject. The problem, which is the need to provide farmers with relevant data on consumptive water use of winter wheat and tools for its analysis, is formulated. The study of consumptive water use of winter wheat was carried out by the method of water balance. Statistical processing of data of consumptive water use of winter wheat was carried out by the method of ordinal statistics on the basis of which empirical curves of security of various probability were constructed. On the basis of equally probable values of water consumption, maps of consumptive water use (mm) of winter wheat with probability of 5%, 10%, 25%, 50%, 75%, 90%, 95% for the right-bank part of Cherkasy region were compiled and generalized. Cartograms of consumptive water use of winter wheat were complied by the method of isolines, which were obtained by interpolation at test points. As a result, information on individual meteorological stations was approximated to the entire study area. High complexity of measurement and the need to study the variability of consumptive water use over time and area have led to creation of a number of methods for determining consumptive water use. However, in our opinion, it is more convenient to use directly water consumption data provided by us for the growing seasons with a probability of 5%, 10%, 25%, 50%, 75%, 90%, 95% and presented in the form of cartograms winter wheat water consumption. The information obtained during the study of cartograms can be used to identify factors that affect consumptive water use of winter wheat or to carry out appropriate differentiated agronomic and reclamation measures necessary to achieve the planned yield. Farmers should be interested in precision farming, as they will always be able to evaluate the effectiveness of different solutions to determine the most effective one in specific conditions.
Mitrídates como pretexto. Sila y la financiación de la campaña de Italia.
Authors: Coello Joaquín Muñiz
Published: March 2022

ResumenLa primera Guerra Mitridática fue el instrumento de Sila para buscar el dinero que necesitaba para su guerra contra los marianos, y recuperar el poder en Roma. Esta idea armonizaba con la visión que la oligarquía romana tenía sobre Oriente y Asia, en particular, alimentada por las noticias y contactos entre ambas regiones y Roma, y las ambiciones políticas del personaje.
La lexicografía española desde la perspectiva glotopolítica: análisis de la representación de la RAE en el discurso mediático
Authors: Rodríguez Barcia Susana
Published: March 2022

El estudio de los instrumentos lingüísticos desde una perspectiva glotopolítica constituye una tendencia analítica relevante en la investigación actual. Se parte ahora de la repercusión social que tienen el discurso público sobre la lengua y los textos lingüísticos de referencia, en especial los que recogen los posicionamientos de instituciones que rigen la norma culta. En este contexto, las publicaciones ortográficas, gramaticales y lexicográficas mantienen su poder como pilares normativos. Los diccionarios se construyen, así, como fetiches de la normatividad en el imaginario popular, y se convierten de este modo en materiales incuestionables que la sociedad en general acepta y sobre los que justifica sus propias prácticas lingüísticas. Representan de este modo un esencialismo que se superpone al uso espontáneo de las lenguas, con lo que quienes hablan una lengua ven condicionado el referido uso, que se limita a la hora de acometer intervenciones innovadoras como el lenguaje inclusivo o en el momento de emplear las variedades propias en situaciones formales. En este artículo se realiza una reflexión sobre la influencia de los diccionarios en la sociedad y sobre el modo en que favorece la construcción del privilegio androcéntrico y neocolonial en el ámbito de la lengua española. Para comprender la relevancia glotopolítica de la RAE y su obra lexicográfica por antonomasia, se analizan con perspectiva crítica siete textos periodísticos publicados en el diario El País entre julio de 2018 y agosto de 2021. La conclusión principal es que la RAE se presenta como una institución global, referencial y de prestigio dedicada a proteger el patrimonio lingüístico del español. Además, la norma culta se sigue identificando con la institución, por lo que continúa siendo clave como freno en los procesos de cambio.
Correlation Between Wavelet-Based Energy Parameter and Observational Damage Degrees for Gravity Design Building During the May 2018 Mayotte Seismic Crisis
Authors: Negulescu Caterina , Roullé Agathe
Published: March 2022

Mayotte seismic crisis started on 10 May 2018, with a first felt earthquake, quickly followed by many others, that surprised inhabitants. Before 10 May 2018, Mayotte Island, part of the volcanic Comoros archipelago in the North Mozambique Channel of the Indian Ocean was not considered as a significantly seismically active area, and hence the structures were designed without or very recently with a low seismic code. In this study, we pay particular attention to existing seismic records of earthquakes with a magnitude greater than 5, and we try to establish their dangerousness for existing buildings. As the magnitude is not very large, it is difficult to observe and classify the slight to moderate damages using the drift parameter. It is for this reason that in this study we try to consider the shift of the inelastic period and the dissipated energy, estimated using wavelet transform, in order to estimate the damage. We have modeled a target building and calculated its dynamic response using the recordings of the 46 strongest earthquakes of the current crisis as the input. The dynamic calculations were performed using open source finite element software, Opensees © Berkeley. We analyzed the dynamic response at the top of the building in terms of the period of vibration, energy dissipated, and drift. We used the aforementioned 46 recordings from two different seismological stations in terms of site effects: YTMZ station, considered as rock, and MILA station, which shows strong site effects and therefore the strongest recordings in terms of acceleration. We try to find a correlation between the wavelet energy dissipation and the observational damage degree or drift-based damage degrees. We found out that about 25% of the 46 earthquakes selected on soils with site effects (MILA station) have building response parameters corresponding to degrees of damage D1 and D2 of the EMS-98 scale: negligible to light damage (no structural damage and slight non-structural damage) and moderate damage (light structural damage and moderate non-structural damage). This damage can appear for relatively low peak ground acceleration values (e.g., about 0.3 m/s2 for some earthquakes). Furthermore, the damage assessment results from the three damage parameters for the target gravity design building are compared and discussed.
Vaccine Adjuvants Induce Formation of Intraperitoneal Extracellular Traps in Flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus)
Authors: Li Qian , Chi Heng , Shi Xueyan , Gan Qiujie , Dalmo Roy Ambli , Sun Yuan-yuan , Tang Xiaoqian , Xing Jing , Sheng Xiuzhen , Zhan Wenbin
Published: March 2022

Adjuvants are used to increase the strength, quality, and duration of the immune response of vaccines. Neutrophils are the first immune cells that arrive at the injection site and can release DNA fibers together with granular proteins, so-called neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), to entrap microbes in a sticky matrix of extracellular chromatin and microbicidal agents. Similar extracellular structures were also released by macrophages, mast cells, and eosinophils and are now generalized as “ETs.” Here we demonstrated that Alum adjuvant stimulation led to peritoneal cells swarming and ET release in vitro. Moreover, compared to antigen stimulation alone, ET release was significantly increased after stimulation with antigen-mixed adjuvants and in a time- and dose-dependent manner. In vivo, we were able to monitor and quantify the continuous changes of the ET release in the same fish by using the small animal in vivo imaging instrument at different times during the early stages after intraperitoneal immunization. The results showed that the fluorescence signal of ETs in the peritoneum increased from 0 to 12 h after injection and then gradually decreased. The fluorescence signals came from extracellular DNA fibers, which are sensitive to DNase I and confirmed by microscopy of peritoneal fluid ex vivo. In summary, this study introduced a new method for detecting ETs in the peritoneum of fish in vivo and indicated that ET formation is involved in the immune response at the early stage after intraperitoneal immunization to vaccines.
Association of Circulating Cathepsin B Levels With Blood Pressure and Aortic Dilation
Authors: Chai Tianci , Tian Mengyue , Yang Xiaojie , Qiu Zhihuang , Lin Xinjian , Chen Liangwan
Published: March 2022

Hypertension is a key risk factor for spontaneous coronary artery dissection (SCAD) and aortic dilation. Circulating proteins play key roles in a range of biological processes and represent a major source of druggable targets. The aim of this study was to identify circulating proteins that were associated with blood pressure (BP), SCAD and aortic dilation. We identified shared genetic variants of BP and SCAD in genome-wide association studies, searched for circulating protein affected by these variants and examined the association of circulating protein levels with BP, aortic aneurysm and dissection (AAD) and aortic diameters by integrating data from circulating protein quantitative trait loci (pQTL) studies and genome wide association study (GWAS) in individuals from the UK Biobank using two-sample Mendelian randomization analysis methods. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in JAG1, ERI1, ULK4, THSD4, CMIP, COL4A2, FBN1, FAM76B, FGGY, NUS1, and HNF4G, which were related to extracellular matrix components, were associated with both BP and SCAD. We found 49 significant pQTL signals among these SNPs. The regulated proteins were encoded by MMP10, IL6R, FIGF, MMP1, CTSB, IGHG1, DSG2, TTC17, RETN, POMC, SCARF2, RELT, and GALNT16, which were enriched in biological processes such as collagen metabolic process and multicellular organism metabolic process. Causal associations between BP and AAD and aortic diameters were detected. Significant associations between circulating levels of cathepsin B, a well-known prorenin processing enzyme, and BP and aortic diameters were identified by using several Mendelian randomization analysis methods and were validated by independent data.

Conclusion

The present study identified the association between circulating cathepsin B and BP and aortic diameters. The findings indicated that BP-associated genetic variants may influence aortic dilation risk by circulating proteins that regulate BP.
Long-Term Aortic Remodeling After Thoracic Endovascular Aortic Repair of Acute, Subacute, and Chronic Type B Dissections
Authors: Li Zhenjiang , Wang Xiaohui , He Yangyan , Xiang Yilang , Wu Ziheng , Zhang Hongkun , Li Donglin
Published: March 2022

Objective

This study aimed to investigate the characteristics and predictors of aortic remodeling over a long-term follow-up period after thoracic endovascular aortic repair (TEVAR) for acute, subacute, and chronic type B aortic dissections (TBADs).

Methods

Patients who underwent TEVAR for TBAD from July 2011 to December 2013 were included, and relevant data were retrospectively analyzed.

Results

After TEVAR, the true lumen (TL) dimension increased and the false lumen (FL) dimension decreased or did not change over a 5-year follow-up period in all three temporal groups. Shrinkage proportion of the thoracic aorta was the highest in the subacute group (acute, 28.1%; subacute, 39.1%; and chronic, 17.4%; p = 0.048), while abdominal expansion showed no significant differences among the groups (acute, 29.6%; subacute, 40.5%; and chronic, 44.4%; p = 0.502). The chronic group had a rate of complete FL regression, which is lower than the subacute or acute group at all anatomic sections, with significant differences only in the stented section (chronic, 21.7%; acute, 92.2%; and subacute, 80.4%; p < 0.05) and in the distal thoracic aortic section (chronic, 13.0%; acute, 31.1%; and subacute, 50.0%; p < 0.05). Logistic regression analysis demonstrated that chronic dissection, TL compression, endoleak, the number of branches from FL, and the number of residual tears affected optimal FL remodeling.

Conclusion

The present study provides data on aortic remodeling of TBAD after TEVAR during a long-term follow-up period. The features and risk factors of aortic remodeling in the acute, subacute, and chronic phases are different in different aortic segments. These findings may have implications in the timing of TEVAR.
Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease Risk and Lipid-Lowering Therapy Requirement in China
Authors: Bi Lei , Yi Jiayi , Wu Chaoqun , Hu Shuang , Zhang Xingyi , Lu Jiapeng , Liu Jiamin , Zhang Haibo , Yang Yang , Cui Jianlan , Xu Wei , Song Lijuan , Guo Yuanlin , Li Xi , Zheng Xin
Published: March 2022

Background

Lipid-lowering therapy (LLT) is one of the key strategies for reducing the atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) burden. However, little is known about the percentage of people in need of different LLT regimens to achieve optimal targets of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and the corresponding cost and benefit.

Methods

We conducted a simulation study based on the data from the nationwide China PEACE MPP population cohort (2015–2020), from which we included 2,904,914 participants aged 35–75 years from all the 31 provinces in mainland China. Participants were grouped based on their 10-year ASCVD risks, then entered into a Monte Carlo model which was used to perform LLT intensification simulation scenarios to achieve corresponding LDL-C goals in each risk stratification.

Results

After standardizing age and sex, the proportions of participants included at low, moderate, high, and very-high risk were 70.8%, 15.6%, 11.5%, and 2.1%, respectively. People who failed to achieve the corresponding LDL-C goals −8.1% at low risk, 19.6% at moderate risk, 53.2% at high risk, and 93.6% at very-high risk (either not achieving the goal or not receiving LLT)—would be in need of the LLT intensification simulation. After the use of atorvastatin 20 mg was simulated, over 99% of the population at low or moderate risk could achieve the LDL-C goals; while 11.3% at high and 24.5% at very-high risk would still require additional non-statin therapy. After the additional use of ezetimibe, there were still 4.8% at high risk and 11.3% at very-high risk in need of evolocumab; and 99% of these two groups could achieve the LDL-C goals after the use of evolocumab. Such LLT intensification with statin, ezetimibe, and evolocumab would annually cost $2.4 billion, $4.2 billion, and $24.5 billion, respectively, and prevent 264,170, 18,390, and 17,045 cardiovascular events, respectively.

Conclusions

Moderate-intensity statin therapy is pivotal for the attainment of optimal LDL-C goals in China, and around 10–25% of high- or very-high-risk patients would require additional non-statin agents. There is an opportunity to reduce the rising ASCVD burden in China by optimizing LLT.
Case Report: Repeated Stereotactic Radiotherapy of Recurrent Ventricular Tachycardia: Reasons, Feasibility, and Safety
Authors: Haskova Jana , Peichl Petr , Šramko Marek , Cvek Jakub , Knybel Lukáš , Jiravský Otakar , Neuwirth Radek , Kautzner Josef
Published: March 2022

Stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) has been reported as an attractive option for cases of failed catheter ablation of ventricular tachycardia (VT) in structural heart disease. However, even this strategy can fail for various reasons. For the first time, this case series describes three re-do cases of SBRT which were indicated for three different reasons. The purpose in the first case was the inaccuracy of the determination of the treatment volume by indirect comparison of the electroanatomical map and CT scan. A newly developed strategy of co-registration of both images allowed precise targeting of the substrate. In this case, the second treatment volume overlapped by 60% with the first one. The second reason for the re-do of SBRT was an unusual character of the substrate–large cardiac fibroma associated with different morphologies of VT from two locations around the tumor. The planned treatment volumes did not overlap. The third reason for repeated SBRT was the large intramural substrate in the setting of advanced heart failure. The first treatment volume targeted arrhythmias originating in the basal inferoseptal region, while the second SBRT was focused on adjacent basal septum without significant overlapping. Our observations suggested that SBRT for VT could be safely repeated in case of later arrhythmia recurrences (i.e., after at least 6 weeks). No acute toxicity was observed and in two cases, no side effects were observed during 32 and 22 months, respectively. To avoid re-do SBRT due to inaccurate targeting, the precise and reproducible strategy of substrate identification and co-registration with CT image should be used.
Association Between Measures Derived From Children's Primary Exfoliated Teeth and Psychopathology Symptoms: Results From a Community-Based Study
Authors: Dunn Erin C. , Mountain Rebecca V. , Davis Kathryn A. , Shaffer Ida , Smith Andrew D. A. C. , Roubinov Danielle S. , Den Besten Pamela , Bidlack Felicitas B. , Boyce W. Thomas
Published: March 2022

Mental disorders are among the most disabling health conditions globally. However, there remains a lack of valid, reliable, noninvasive, and inexpensive biomarkers to identify (at an early age) people who are at the greatest risk of experiencing a future mental health condition. Exfoliated primary teeth, when used in combination with established and emerging tools (e.g., family history, imaging, genetics, epigenetics), may provide important additional insights about vulnerability to mental illness. Teeth are especially promising because they develop in parallel with the brain and maintain a permanent record of environmental insults occurring during prenatal and perinatal development. Despite their potential, few empirical studies have investigated features of exfoliated teeth in relation to mental health. Here, we used micro-CT imaging to test the hypothesis that measures derived from exfoliated primary incisors associated with psychopathology symptoms in a community-based sample of children (n = 37). We found that enamel volume (β = −0.77, 95% CI, −1.35 to −0.18, P = 0.01) had large negative associations with internalizing symptoms, and enamel mineral density (β = 0.77, 95% CI, 0.18–1.35, P = 0.01) had large positive associations with internalizing behavioral symptoms, even after stringent control for multiple testing. Pulp volume (β = −0.50, 95% CI, −0.90 to −0.09, P = 0.02) had a moderately-large negative association with externalizing behavioral symptoms, though these associations did not survive multiple testing correction. These results support the ongoing investigation of teeth as potential novel biomarkers of mental health risk.
An Investigation on Longitudinal Surface Subsidence Deformation of Large-Span Undercut Metro Tunnel
Authors: Yan Nan , Jing Desheng , Sang Songkui , Bai Xiaoyu , Liu Xueying , Zhang Mingyi , Jiao Yujin , Liu Honghua , Yan Jun , Wang Zhongsheng , Huang Yongfeng
Published: March 2022

Underground excavation techniques are frequently used in subway stations during the construction of urban rail transit. The current study analyzes and investigates the surface settlement and deformation laws of large-span shallow buried underground excavated stations depending on a vast quantity of measured data from the Qingdao Metro Line 3. According to the comprehensive study, obtained results show that: 1) the excavation of pilot tunnels on both sides will result in the longitudinal settlement at the ground surface; however, the settlement will be quite minor, within −10 mm. During the excavation of the middle part of the pilot tunnel, large surface settlement may occur, and the settlement may reach −30 mm, while during the excavation of the lower soil and construction of the station structure, the surface settlement changes insignificantly, and some monitoring points show a sinking trend. 2) Data fitting reveals that regression analysis with a one variable cubic polynomial produces excellent fitting results. In addition, the analysis based on statistical methods reveals that the conditions of the surrounding rock are poor (Class that the arch, and the overall buried depth of the station is not larger than 10 m. 3) Since the surface settlement control standard for large-span boring tunnels is −60 mm, using −48 mm as the warning value is more reasonable. The test conducted in the current study has helped accumulate a large amount of ground settlement monitoring data, which can provide a particular reference for the subsequent design of similar lines.
Lithology Classification and Porosity Estimation of Tight Gas Reservoirs With Well Logs Based on an Equivalent Multi-Component Model
Authors: Wang Zhenyang , Nie Xin , Zhang Chong , Wang Mingrui , Zhao Junwei , Jin Longde
Published: March 2022

Tight gas makes up a significant portion of the natural gas resources. There are tight gas reservoirs with great reserve and economic potential in the west Sichuan Basin, China. Due to the complex mineral component and heterogeneity of the thick tight sand formations, the reservoir parameters are challenging to evaluate from well logs using conventional methods, even the fundamental porosity. The mineral components must be considered. In this study, based on the analysis of different logging responses of varying lithologies, we introduced the complex reservoir analysis (CRA) method. CRA is always used in the carbonate reservoirs to calculate the different rock component volume fractions and can be used to classify the lithology and calculate the porosity simultaneously. By analyzing the component, a new equivalent component method (CRAE) is proposed based on the CRA method in this paper. In this method, the AC-CNL equation-calculated porosity is calibrated according to the core porosity data to set the rock components’ physical parameters. After calibration, the rock component fractions and porosity can be calculated accurately. Also, according to the relationship between the grain size and natural gamma-ray, a granularity median model was established. Six lithology types, including coarse-grained quartz sandstone and coarse-grained lithic sandstone, are distinguished, and the porosity is estimated in the study area. The identification results are compared with the mud logging data and other methods. It shows that this method is very well adequate in the tight sandstone gas reservoirs in the study area.
Force-Chain-Based Analysis of Factors Influencing Pressure Arch Around Tunnel Under Earthquake
Authors: Changxin Sun , Yumin Zhang , Lei Guan , Liye Zhang , Jiafeng Peng
Published: March 2022

The force chain method is a powerful tool to analyze the pressure arch of a tunnel, which has important influence on the seismic stability of tunnel structures. The force distribution around the tunnel before and after an earthquake was observed with numerical simulation and shaking table test, and then some parameters related to the pressure arch around the tunnel were analyzed. The discrete element method software PFC was used to numerically simulate the variation of shape and height of pressure arch with tunnel depth before and after an earthquake. The effect of tunnel depth, span, section shape, lining stiffness, seismic spectrum, and seismic amplitude on the shape and height of pressure arch was numerically simulated. The numerical results show that the tunnel depth, span, section shape, and seismic amplitude have great effect on the pressure arch shape, while the lining stiffness and seismic spectrum has little effect on the pressure arch shape. In addition, the shaking table tests were conducted to observe the pressure arch shape before and after an earthquake, and the experimental results were applied to verify the numerical simulation results.
A Thermodynamic Method for the Estimation of Free Gas Proportion in Depressurization Production of Natural Gas Hydrate
Authors: Li Shouding , Sun Yiming , Lu Cheng , Chen Weichang , Liu Shimin , Chen Lin , Li Xiao
Published: March 2022

Free gas saturation is one of the key factors that affect the overall production behaviors of hydrate reservoirs. For example, different free gas contents could alter the thermal response of hydrate reservoirs to the artificial stimulation and hence change the gas production performance. To investigate whether and how much the hydrate reservoir contains free gas, we proposed a thermodynamic method to calculate the total heat consumption of hydrate dissociation throughout gas production and assess the free gas proportion. Based on the monitoring data of the first offshore hydrate production in Japan, we calculated the total heat consumption and analyzed the contributions of heat convection, heat conduction, and sensible heat during the entire test. The calculation results showed that there is likely to be a certain amount of free gas in the hydrate reservoir in the Eastern Nankai Trough. In addition, the analysis of different heat sources revealed the critical thermodynamic phenomenon in which the reservoir sensible heat was the main source for enthalpy of hydrate dissociation, which consistently contributed more than 95% of the total heat supply during the 6-day production test. The results of this work may help upgrade the production strategy for natural gas hydrates.
Characteristics of an Effective University Professor From Students’ Perspective: Are the Qualities Changing?
Authors: Nushi Musa , Momeni Ali , Roshanbin Maryam
Published: March 2022

This study investigates the characteristics of an effective university professor based on the evaluations made by students in different majors at a state university in Iran. Two-hundred forty BA, MA, and Ph.D. students’ evaluations of their teachers were selected via purposive sampling. The evaluations were then content analyzed to determine which characteristics build the profile of an effective teacher in the students’ eyes. The results confirmed the findings of many previous studies that a good university professor needs to possess certain essential qualities. However, the profile of an effective university professor, at least the importance of the qualities that make up this profile, was rather different. More specifically, the most important criterion for evaluating the teachers was their assessment policies and practices. Furthermore, the findings suggest that the characteristics of an effective professor are dynamic and open to contextual, cultural and temporal influences. In light of the results of this study, it is recommended that higher education institutions put in place programs that educate teachers about a more learner-centered pedagogy to maximize not only their own teaching efficacy but also their students’ motivation and learning.
Reliability Synthesis and Prediction for Complex Electromechanical System: A Case Study
Authors: Yu Chunyu , Guan Yuanlin , Yang Xixin
Published: March 2022

The life test of a complex electromechanical system (CEMS) is restricted by many factors, such as test time, test cost, test environment, test site, and test conditions. It is difficult to realize system reliability synthesis and prediction of a CEMS which consists of units with different life distributions. Aiming at the problems, a numerical analysis method based on the computer simulation and the Monte Carlo (MC) method is proposed. First, the unit’s life simulation values are simulated using the MC method with the given each unit’s life distribution and its distribution parameter point estimation. Next, using the unit’s life simulation values, the CEMS life simulation value can be obtained based on the CEMS reliability model. A simulation test is realized instead of the life test of the CEMS when there are enough simulation values of the CEMS life. Then, simulation data are analyzed, and the distribution of the CEMS life is deduced. The goodness-of-fit test, point estimation and confidence interval of the parameters, and reliability measure are estimated. Finally, as a test example of the wind turbine, the practicability and effectiveness of the method proposed in this paper are verified.
Contrasting Birth Preferences to Practices in El Paso, Texas
Authors: Curtis Rachel S. , Vadney Regina , Heckert Carina , Román Cathy
Published: March 2022

Despite calls for increased access to midwifery and a reduction in unnecessary labor interventions by the World Health Organization, the American College of Obstetrics and Gynecologists, and the American Public Health Association, for many birthing parents in the United States, this model remains out of reach. Only 10% of U.S. births are attended by midwives, and in Texas, which leads the nation in maternal morbidity and mortality, that number is <7%. This study examines an unmet demand for personalized, low-intervention midwifery care in El Paso, Texas and the surrounding area through surveys and focus groups aimed at exploring women's perceptions of their birthing experiences and access to different models of perinatal care. Resulting data suggests a high level of satisfaction with midwifery among those who were able to access it, while those who had used obstetric care often reported limited options and feelings of trauma.
Do Refugee Camps Offer a Refuge From Conflict? A Spatially Explicit Analysis of Conflict Incidence at 1,543 Refugee Camps Across Africa (1997–2020)
Authors: Fein Frieda , Van Den Hoek Jamon
Published: March 2022

By the end of 2020, 20.7 million refugees worldwide were under the protection of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR). Despite the intended role of refugee camps as sanctuaries for people fleeing conflict and persecution, recent empirical research has shown that many refugees continue to experience conflict even after settling in camps. Measuring refugee exposure to conflict, especially recurrent conflict, is important for the design and evaluation of refugee settlement and asylum policies, refugee-host relationships, as well as refugee security and protection. However, existing research is either nationally aggregated or highly localized at a small number of refugee camps and does not consider changes in conflict incidence following refugee arrivals, leaving uncertainty around near-camp conflict dynamics across refugee hosting countries. To address these gaps, we measured conflict event proximity, frequency, and trends around refugee and non-refugee settlements in all refugee-hosting countries in Africa over a 24-year period (1997–2020). We used georeferenced data on 1,543 refugee camps from UNHCR and conflict event data from the Armed Conflict Location Event Database (ACLED), and compared localized conflict incidence at refugee camps to 4,003 non-refugee settlements from the Global Rural-Urban Mapping Project (GRUMP). Our results show that 52% of all refugee camps and 94% of urban refugee camps were within 10 km of at least one armed conflict event after camp establishment. Conversely, only 82% of urban settlements without refugee camps were within 10 km of a conflict event, suggesting that urban refugee camps are subject to nearby conflict at a disproportionately higher rate compared to both rural refugee camps and non-refugee settlements. We also find that conflict events moved an average of 11.2 km closer to refugee camps after camp establishment, indicating a general encroachment of conflict upon camps. Such persistent and widespread conflict challenges the security of camps and the protections afforded to refugees, and merits increased attention from host countries and humanitarian actors.
The Host Peritoneal Cavity Harbors Prominent Memory Th2 and Early Recall Responses to an Intestinal Nematode
Authors: Yordanova Ivet A. , Jürchott Karsten , Steinfelder Svenja , Vogt Katrin , Krüger Ulrike , Kühl Anja A. , Sawitzki Birgit , Hartmann Susanne
Published: March 2022

Intestinal parasitic nematodes affect a quarter of the world’s population, typically eliciting prominent effector Th2-driven host immune responses. As not all infected hosts develop protection against reinfection, our current understanding of nematode-induced memory Th2 responses remains limited. Here, we investigated the activation of memory Th2 cells and the mechanisms driving early recall responses to the enteric nematodeHeligmosomoides polygyrusin mice. We show that nematode-cured mice harbor memory Th2 cells in lymphoid and non-lymphoid organs with distinct transcriptional profiles, expressing recirculation markers like CCR7 and CD62-L in the mesenteric lymph nodes (mLN), and costimulatory markers like Ox40, as well as tissue homing and activation markers like CCR2, CD69 and CD40L in the gut and peritoneal cavity (PEC). While memory Th2 cells persist systemically in both lymphoid and non-lymphoid tissues following cure of infection, peritoneal memory Th2 cells in particular displayed an initial prominent expansion and strong parasite-specific Th2 responses during early recall responses to a challenge nematode infection. This effect was paralleled by a significant influx of dendritic cells (DC) and eosinophils, both also appearing exclusively in the peritoneal cavity of reinfected mice. In addition, we show that within the peritoneal membrane lined by peritoneal mesothelial cells (PeM), the gene expression levels of cell adhesion markers VCAM-1 and ICAM-1 decrease significantly in response to a secondary infection. Overall, our findings indicate that the host peritoneal cavity in particular harbors prominent memory Th2 cells and appears to respond directly toH. polygyrusby an early recall responseviadifferential regulation of cell adhesion markers, marking the peritoneal cavity an important site for host immune responses to an enteric pathogen.
Three Layers of Intestinal γδ T Cells Talk Different Languages With the Microbiota
Authors: Rampoldi Francesca , Prinz Immo
Published: March 2022

The mucosal surfaces of our body are the main contact site where the immune system encounters non-self molecules from food-derived antigens, pathogens, and symbiotic bacteria. γδ T cells are one of the most abundant populations in the gut. Firstly, they include intestinal intraepithelial lymphocytes, which screen and maintain the intestinal barrier integrity in close contact with the epithelium. A second layer of intestinal γδ T cells is found among lamina propria lymphocytes (LPL)s. These γδ LPLs are able to produce IL-17 and likely have functional overlap with local Th17 cells and innate lymphoid cells. In addition, a third population of γδ T cells resides within the Peyer´s patches, where it is probably involved in antigen presentation and supports the mucosal humoral immunity. Current obstacles in understanding γδ T cells in the gut include the lack of information on cognate ligands of the γδ TCR and an incomplete understanding of their physiological role. In this review, we summarize and discuss what is known about different subpopulations of γδ T cells in the murine and human gut and we discuss their interactions with the gut microbiota in the context of homeostasis and pathogenic infections.