bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Some Issues of Repairing Manned Space Vehicles in Outer Space Using Electron Beam Welding
Authors: Lobanov Leonid M. , Asnis E.A. , Ternovy Ye.G. , Zubchenko Yu.V. , Statkevich I.I. , Volkov V.S. , Glushak S.A.
Published: March 2021

A new generation of electron beam tool for welding during assembly and repair-restoration works on board of manned space vehicles in open space was demonstrated. The tool includes a small-sized electron beam gun (EBG) with an electron beam power of up to 2.5 kW and a high-voltage power source with a voltage of 10 kV. The design of the electron-optical system of EBG allows using it in both manual as well as in automatic mode applying robotic devices. Applying the manufactured EBG and manipulator, in vacuum chamber the works on simulating the repair of a spacecraft’s section of aluminum 2219 alloy were carried out. The obtained results of studying the structure and mechanical characteristics and also sealing of welds confirmed the high quality of welded joints and a reliability of the technology for repairing a damaged fragment of a spacecraft's body using electron beam welding.
Formation of Ferrosilicon Alloy at 1550°C via Carbothermic Reduction of SiO2 by Coal and Graphite: Implication for Rice Husk Ash Utilization
Authors: Kongkarat Somyote , Boonyaratchinda Meekaruna , Chobtham Chirakit
Published: March 2021

Ferrosilicon alloy has been commercially produced in an electric furnace at 1700 - 1750 °C, using quartz as a silica source. With an aim to reduce production cost, rice husk ash (RHA) had been introduced to the process as a silica source. The present study reports an in-depth investigation on the ferrosilicon alloy formation at 1550 °C via carbothermic reduction using RHA with coal and graphite. Blend A: RHA/Fe2O3/Coal and B: RHA/Fe2O3/Graphite were prepared according to the C/O molar ratio of 1/1. The well-mixed samples were compacted into a pellet and then heated at 1550 °C in the tube furnace for 30 and 60 minutes while the argon flowing at the rate of 1 L/min. XRD and SEM results show that the bulk metal mainly composes of FeSi phase, while SiC and other slag phases adhere at the surface of the droplet. Characteristics of the carbonaceous materials, especially ash oxides content affect the kinetic of ferrosilicon formation. Silicon concentration in the produced metal droplets was measured using an ICP technique. For blend A, Si content in the metal was 18.3 wt% and 81.9 wt% after 30 and 60 minutes, respectively. While, Si recovery in the metal for blend B reached 88.4 wt% since 30 minutes. The experimental results show that the production of ferrosilicon alloy from RHA can be produced at 1550 °C, which the temperature lower than that of the commercial method by 150-200 °C. The finding in this research is beneficial for ferrosilicon and agricultural industries and thus promotes the sustainable steelmaking industry.
Effect of Cast and Heat Treatment Processes on Microstructure and Properties of K4169 Superalloy
Authors: Lian Ye Da , Gao Li Qiang , Wang Ping , Yin Qian , Hu Pin Pin , Wen Zhi Xun
Published: March 2021

The effects of cast and heat treatment processes on microstructure and mechanical property of K4169 alloy have been investigated. The results show that low shell and pouring temperature can significantly improve the room temperature tensile and elevated temperature stress-rupture properties of the alloy; The joint function of hot isostatic pressing (HIP) and homogenization+solution+aging (HSA)standard heat treatment can effectively close casting defects such as micro-looseness, significantly improve the segregation of the alloy structure, basically eliminate the Laves phase, only a small amount of MC carbide dispersed in the grain boundary and short rod-shaped δ-phase. What is the most significant is that a large number of lenticular γ'' phases are uniformly precipitated, Which enhance the microstructural stability, and significantly improve the room temperature tensile properties and high temperature endurance properties of K4169 alloy.
Anisotropy in Compression Creep-Ageing Behavior of 2219-T3 Aluminum Alloy
Authors: Chen Xue Ying , Zhan Li Hua , Liao Hai Long , Gao Yuan
Published: March 2021

Creep age forming technology (CAF) has been widely used to manufacture large integral panels in aerospace industry. However, due to the bending of the sheet metal, the stress states usually changes along the thickness direction during the CAF process, resulting in a complex distribution of stress. In addition, deformation texture is introduced when the sheet has a large pre-deformation, which also greatly affects the shape and performance of the component after aging. In this paper, the anisotropy in compression creep-ageing behavior of 2219-T3 aluminum alloy was studied. It was found that there is obvious anisotropy of compressive creep strains, the creep strain is the largest when the applied stress is along the rolling direction (RD) and the smallest when the applied stress is along the transverse direction (TD). The results of room temperature (25 ° C) and high temperature (165 ° C) tensile property test shows that the as-received material properties has obvious in-planar anisotropy, and the yield strength in the RD is the largest, but the 45° and TD are basically the same. Interestingly, the anisotropy of yield strength after SFA and compressive stress creep aging has basically disappeared, that is,the material properties tended to be isotropic after ageing.
Arrangement Optimization and Crashworthiness Analysis of B-Pilla Solder Joint Based on Collision Safety
Authors: Wen Dong , Hua Wang , Yang Hai Feng , Tao Liu , Jiang Qiu Yue
Published: March 2021

Through hyperworks and Lsdyna, the side impact simulation of the vehicle model with Q&P980 class B-pilla is carried out. The middle part of B-pillar is the main part to bear the impact load, which corresponds to the occupant's chest and abdomen. The invasive displacement and the speed are large and the change trend is basically the same. After the optimization of the B-pillar weld solder joint layout, the number of solder joints was reduced by 23.61%, the structural static stiffness and the first-order torsional frequency were improved, the collision performance remained basically unchanged, and the body assembly cost was reduced.
Detection of Hydrogen Damage in 2.25Cr1Mo0.25V by Ultrasonic Inspection
Authors: Gu Qing Dong , Ge Jia Hao , Song Jin Kun , Yin Chang Dong
Published: March 2021

2.25Cr1Mo0.25V steel has better high temperature strength than ordinary Cr-Mo steel, and has been widely used in nuclear and chemical environments such as nuclear energy and chemical industry. However, vanadium-added steel is still likely to cause hydrogen damage and requires early detection. Ultrasonic inspection has strong penetrating ability. It can detect thin plates with thickness of 1-2mm and steel structure of several meters long. In this paper, ultrasonic longitudinal wave was used to detect the amplitude and longitudinal wave period before and after hydrogen charging, and the change of wave velocity was obtained. The dynamic tensile test of the specimen before and after hydrogen charging was also carried out, and the elastic modulus and elongation of hydrogen before and after hydrogen charging were obtained. The relationship between ultrasonic signal and hydrogen embrittlement was also discussed in this paper.
IL-1α Mediates Innate and Acquired Resistance to Immunotherapy in Melanoma
Authors: Singh Shubhra , Xiao Zhilan , Bavisi Karishma , Roszik Jason , Melendez Brenda D. , Wang Zhiqiang , Cantwell Mark J. , Davis Richard E. , Lizee Greg , Hwu Patrick , Neelapu Sattva S. , Overwijk Willem W. , Singh Manisha
Published: March 2021

Inflammation has long been associated with cancer initiation and progression; however, how inflammation causes immune suppression in the tumor microenvironment and resistance to immunotherapy is not well understood. In this study, we show that both innate proinflammatory cytokine IL-1α and immunotherapy-induced IL-1α make melanoma resistant to immunotherapy. In a mouse melanoma model, we found that tumor size was inversely correlated with response to immunotherapy. Large tumors had higher levels of IL-1α, Th2 cytokines, polymorphonuclear myeloid-derived suppressor cells (PMN-MDSCs), and regulatory T cells but lower levels of IL-12, Th1 cytokines, and activated T cells. We found that therapy with adenovirus-encoded CD40L (rAd.CD40L) increased tumor levels of IL-1α and PMN-MDSCs. Blocking the IL-1 signaling pathway significantly decreased rAd.CD40L-induced PMN-MDSCs and their associated PD-L1 expression in the tumor microenvironment and enhanced tumor-specific immunity. Similarly, blocking the IL-1 signaling pathway improved the antimelanoma activity of anti–PD-L1 Ab therapy. Our study suggests that blocking the IL-1α signaling pathway may increase the efficacy of immunotherapies against melanoma.
Involvement of CD95 and ligand in CD4+ T-cell and CD8+ T-cell depletion and hepatic cytolysis in patients with chronic viral hepatitis B
Authors: Azebaze Agueguia Franklin S. , Talla Paul , Okomo Assoumou Marie C. , Jacobs Graeme B. , Mbakam Cedric H. , Guiedem Elise , Tongo Mesembe Martha , Lyonga Emilia , Mondinde Ikomey George
Published: March 2021

Background: Chronic viral hepatitis B (HBV) is characterised by progressive hepatocyte destruction and T-cell depletion. The mechanisms of the CD95-CD95 ligand (CD95L) signalling pathway during this chronic disease and the cirrhotic process remains unclear.Objective: We evaluated the involvement of the CD95-CD95L receptor-ligand system in T-cell depletion and hepatic cytolysis in patients with chronic HBV.Methods: This was a cross-sectional study conducted from September to December 2018 at the Yaoundé General Hospital, Cameroon. Four mL of whole blood was collected and analysed. The CD95 and CD95L levels, as well as the CD4+ T-cell and CD8+ T-cell counts, were performed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and flow cytometry.Results: Of the 130 HBV-positive patients, 36 (27.7%) were cirrhotic and 94 (72.3%) were non-cirrhotic. The cirrhotic patients had significantly elevated CD95 (p 0.001) and CD95L (p = 0.001) plasma levels, compared with non-cirrhotic patients. The CD4/CD8 ratios were lower in cirrhotic patients, compared to non-cirrhotic patients (p 0.001). There were statistically significant correlations between CD95 level and CD4+ T-cell counts, between CD95 level and CD8+ T-cell counts, between CD95 level and the CD4/CD8 ratio, between CD95 level and fibrosis score, and between CD95L level and fibrosis score.Conclusion: CD95 and CD95L could be involved in T-cell depletion and hepatic cytolysis during the pathogenesis of chronic HBV and could potentially be used as biomarkers for immunological and hepatic monitoring in patients with chronic HBV.
Epstein-Barr virus, human papillomavirus and herpes simplex virus 2 co-presence severely dysregulates miRNA expression
Authors: Okoye Jude O. , Ngokere Anthony A. , Onyenekwe Charles C. , Omotuyi Olaposi , Dada Deborah I.
Published: March 2021

This cross-sectional study evaluated the expression of miR-let-7b, miR-21, miR-125b, miR-143, miR-145, miR-155, miR-182, miR-200c, p53 gene, Ki67, SCCA1 and CD4+ T-cell counts among 319 women, to Epstein-Barr virus, human papillomavirus and herpes simplex virus 2 mono-infections and co-infections, using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction methods. This study suggests that malignancies associated with viral co-infection could be diagnosed early by monitoring cluster of differentiation 4+ T-cell counts and serum expression of miR-145 and miR-182.
Feasibility of Direct Observation and Consumption Method for Hand Hygiene Compliance in an Intensive Care Unit of a Tertiary Care Hospital
Authors: Kashyap Bineeta , Jhamb Rajat , Saha Rituparna , Prasad Pratima , Singh N. P.
Published: March 2021

Background:

Emerging pandemics, rampant multidrug resistance, and diversity of healthcare-associated infections entail hand hygiene (HH) compliance, surveillance, and documentation as the cornerstone of infection control practices.

Methods:

HH adherence rates (HHARs) were determined by the WHO's “Direct Observation” technique and compared with the “Indirect Hand-Rub Consumption” method, in the main intensive care unit of a tertiary care hospital over a period of 15 days, encompassing 3000 HH opportunities. HHARs were also compared over the study duration and among doctors and nurses.

Results:

The overall HHAR estimated by direct observation as per the WHO criteria was 28.5% and by “indirect hand-rub consumption” method was 12.12%. Healthcare workers adhered maximally to the WHO HH moment 3 (64.6%) followed by 5 (31.6%), 4 (27%), and 2 (27%).

Conclusion:

The direct observation technique for monitoring HH, though conventionally deemed as the gold standard, mandates skilled personnel and devoted time which may deter daily surveillance in resource-limited settings. The time constraints in addition to the observation biases often confound or may even push HH surveillance to the backburners. The indirect “hand-rub consumption” technique, on the other hand, might prove to be an attractive alternative in resource-limited settings, which, in addition to providing an overall glimpse of existing HH culture, is also devoid of observation biases.
Simple Predictors of Peripheral Blood Stem Cell Yield in Healthy Donors
Authors: Ramalingam Thulasi Raman , Vaidhyanathan Lakshman , Muthu Anurekha , Prabhakar Vikram , Ramakrishnan Balasubramaniam , Raj Revathi , Easow Jose M.
Published: March 2021

BACKGROUND:

Peripheral blood stem cells (PBSCs) are commonly used for hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) over other stem cell sources. The hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) are mobilized from marrow by granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) and then harvested by apheresis technique. The HSC yield differs in donors that may be due to inadequate mobilization or difficulty in harvesting the mobilized stem cells.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

We retrospectively analyzed donor demographic and pre-apheresis hematological variables with circulating CD34+ cell (cir CD34) count and HSC yield in product in 100 normal donors. G-CSF was given for 5 consecutive days, and the stem cells were harvested on day 5. The cir CD34 count and pre-apheresis variables were recorded a day before harvest.

RESULTS:

Of 100 donors, 77% were males and 23% were females. Male sex, younger age, and donor weight were significantly associated with better CD34 yield in the product. Among the pre-apheresis hematological variables, absolute neutrophil count, hematocrit, and absolute nucleated red blood cell count significantly correlated with post-GCF circulating CD34 and CD34 yield in the product. Donors with mean corpuscular volume <80 fL showed relatively poor CD34 cell harvest as compared to normal donors, though with adequate mobilization.

CONCLUSION:

Selection of donors for PBSC apheresis is crucial for a good transplant outcome and recovery. Alternate strategies that improve the final CD34 yield should be employed for donors with high risk for poor CD34+ cell yield.
Primary Osseous Burkitt Lymphoma Mimicking Multiple Myeloma – A Case Report and Review of Literature
Authors: Roy Somnath , Mandal Tanmoy Kumar , Nayak Lingaraj , Gupta Avinash , Shetty Dhanlaxmi Lalit
Published: March 2021

Burkitt lymphoma (BL) is one of the aggressive subtypes of non-Hodgkin lymphoma commonly seen among pediatric and young population. Primary BL of pelvic bone presenting with back pain, paraparesis, and multifocal osteolytic lesion in the elderly is a rare entity. We report a case of primary BL of pelvic bone in a 65-year-old female presenting with back pain and paraparesis, facing diagnostic dilemma as the lesions were radiologically mimicking multiple myeloma. Subsequently, bone marrow flowcytometry and cytogenetic evaluation by fluorescence insitu hybridization confirmed the diagnosis. We highlight the diagnostic challenge, clinical presentation, and treatment strategy in such a rare case along with a review of literature.
Ferric Carboxymaltose Solution Versus Iron Sucrose Complex in Treating Iron-Deficiency Anemia Patients with Heavy Uterine Bleeding
Authors: Hejazi Ayman , Mohamed Omneya , Alhowimel Mansour , AlAdham Maysoun
Published: March 2021

BACKGROUND:

Heavy uterine bleeding (HUB) affects 4.0%–51.6% of women and is responsible for the high prevalence of iron-deficiency anemia (IDA). Ferric carboxymaltose (FCM) is a novel Type I polynuclear iron (III)-hydroxide carbohydrate complex that is highly stable and requires short administration time. The current study estimated the budgetary impact of adopting FCM to treat IDA in HUB patients from the perspective of a tertiary care hospital in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA).

SUBJECTS AND METHODS:

A budget impact model was adopted to compare the total annual costs of iron sucrose complex (ISC) versus FCM from a tertiary care hospital setting perspective in a 1-year time horizon.

RESULTS:

The total annual cost in ”ISC” scenario was higher than in ”FCM” scenario (Saudi Riyal [SAR] 1,079,535 vs. SAR 724,981), resulting in a cost saving of SAR 355,000 over a 1-year time horizon with FCM. Lower expenditure on health professionals and lower costs of disposables and overhead were the main drivers to the cost savings accounting for nearly 96% of the savings. Although the direct IV iron cost was higher in ”FCM” scenario, the increase in pharmaceutical drug cost was offset by the savings in the cost associated with disposables (−SAR 232,000) and resource utilization (−SAR 451,195).

CONCLUSION:

FCM was associated with cost savings as compared to ISC for the treatment of IDA in HUB patients from the tertiary care hospital perspective in the KSA.
Caregivers' Perception of Iron Overload and its Implications
Authors: Alqarni Nof Saadi , Algiraigri Ali H.
Published: March 2021

BACKGROUND:

Although frequently diagnosed in our region, transfusion-dependent thalassemia (TDT) often remains a poorly managed disease. This is due to a lack of awareness of the long-term effect of iron overload among thalassemic patients. This study aimed to examine the unmet needs of TDT patients and provide insight into achieving better care.

METHODS:

We conducted a cross-sectional study of 50 caregivers of heavily transfused thalassemia and sickle cell anemia (SCA) patients. The participants were recruited during their visit to the pediatric hematology clinic or daycare unit between September 2018 and May 2019. The researchers administered a questionnaire to assess the awareness of iron overload and compliance with its management in TDT and SCA.

RESULTS:

Most participant caregivers of children with TDT and SCA had a low level of awareness about the most critical complication of TDT and SCA, which is iron overload. Furthermore, two-thirds of the participants did not appreciate the seriousness of iron overload nor its potential complications. Moreover, the participants reported that their health-care providers rarely or occasionally discuss iron overload or its management. Furthermore, they reported that compliance with health-care appointments and iron chelation therapy was suboptimal.

CONCLUSION:

Caregivers of TDT and SCA patients reported a low level of knowledge of the magnitude of iron overload, its management, and expected complications if not treated appropriately. Health education on iron overload is critical to ensure appropriate compliance and consequently, control of such disease. The focus must be shifted from giving blood to eliminating excess iron among TDT patients.
Community Outreach, COVID-19, and Challenges
Authors: Hazarika Suranjana Jonak , Brahma Priyanka , Jnaneswar Avinash , Jha Kunal
Published: March 2021

The COVID-19 pandemic has brought about a major challenge to health systems across the world. With this dental outreach, programs play a very crucial role in raising community awareness through health education and dental services. In developing countries like India, access to oral health care is poor in rural areas. People need to be motivated for participation in outreach activities and avail the services. Initiatives should be taken up to raise awareness regarding maintenance of good oral hygiene by using antimicrobial mouthwashes and visiting the dentist at regular intervals.
University-wide implementation of problem-based learning
Authors: Ahmaida Altawaty Adel , Ambarek Mohammed
Published: March 2021

Problem-based learning (PBL) is a few decades-old innovative educational strategy that is spreading throughout the academic world. The Libyan International Medical University decided to adopt this strategy and to change from its traditional system shortly after its establishment in the year 2007. This case study aimed to outline the reasons for considering the change, the obstacles, and the strategies adopted throughout the university to effect the change at the student, faculty, curriculum, physical environment, and organization levels and also to compare this experience with that of other universities. significant implementation of PBL was accomplished using a combination of three types of change strategies: rational, normative re-educative, and coercive. It was also shown that this experience of implementation of PBL is quite similar to that of other universities and colleges. It was concluded from this case study that a combination of change strategies was productive in bringing up the change, and that the strategies adopted as well as the obstacles faced are similar to those reported by other universities.
A cross sectional preliminary study on the prevalence of ABO and rhesus blood groups in Bani Waleed City, Libya
Authors: Ameigaal Samira , Ageel Ahmed
Published: March 2021

Background: The distribution of ABO and rhesus (Rh) blood groups has been reported to be different in several world populations. There have been few studies about blood groups among Libyan population. Aims: The study aims to determine the distribution and frequency of ABO and Rh blood groups among Libyan population in Bani Waleed city. Subjects and Methods: The study group had included 344 participants of both genders aged between 15 and 80 years. Blood samples were collected for ABO and Rh blood group analysis from September to December 2018. Results: The percentage of male participants was 55.8% and 48.2% were female. The highest percentage (30.2%) were among the age group of 23–32 years. O blood group was the most common (43.6%), followed by A (31.7%), B (17.7%), and finally, AB blood group (7.0%). The percentage of Rh positive (Rh+) was 72.2% and of Rh negative (Rh−) was 23.8%. Moreover, the prevalence of ABO with Rh+ was 33.4%, 27.6%, 11.3%, and 4.7% for O+, A+, B+, and AB+, respectively. The prevalence of ABO with Rh− was 9.9%, 6.11%, 4.1%, and 2.6% for O−, B−, A−, and AB−, respectively. Conclusion: The distribution of ABO blood group in the present study is ordered of O > A> B > AB with majority of Rh+ and higher frequencies of Rh−. The findings of this study will contribute in health services and use them as database to know detailed information of blood types such as for blood bank and blood transfusion and also to be used in population studies.
Contraceptive use of HIV-positive women attending an HIV treatment center in Osogbo, Nigeria
Authors: Olowookere Samuel , Ajayi Akindele , Idowu Ajibola , Ajayi Adeola , Afolabi Babatunde
Published: March 2021

Background: Access to combination antiretroviral therapy (ART) enables HIV-positive women to live longer in good health. Some of these women are sexually active having unintended pregnancies and unsafe abortions because of not using contraceptives. Objective: This study assessed pattern of contraceptive use by HIV-positive women of reproductive age group attending an HIV treatment center at Ladoke Akintola University of Technology Teaching Hospital, Osogbo, Nigeria. Materials and Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study of 400 HIV-positive women that completed an interviewer-administered semi-structured questionnaire on awareness and use of contraceptives. Data collected were analyzed with SPSS version 17. Results: Majority, 217 (54.3%), had been pregnant since enrollment with 120 (55.3%) having an induced abortion. Majority, 378 (94.5%), were aware of contraception with health workers as the source of awareness being 204 (54%). Although 313 (82.8%) desire to use a contraceptive, 281 (74.3%) currently used a contraceptive with male condom, 130 (34.4%), being the most common type used. Selected factors significantly associated with contraceptive use included age 35 years and above (odds ratio [OR] =2.58, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.18–5.63, P = 0.018), higher education (OR = 4.48, 95% CI = 2.80–7.16, P = 0.0001), being unmarried (OR = 4.34, 95% CI = 2.74–6.88, P = 0.0001), skilled worker (OR = 4.64, 95% CI = 2.76–7.81, P = 0.0001), higher income (OR = 2.15, 95% CI = 1.20–3.82, P = 0.01), and increasing duration on highly active ART 6–12 months (OR = 8.88, 95% CI = 4.50–17.50, P = 0.0001) and >12 months (OR = 4.37, 95% CI = 2.27–8.43, P = 0.0001). Conclusions: Some sexually active HIV-positive women were not using contraceptives. It is necessary to increase contraceptive awareness and use among this vulnerable population.
Effect of diabetes on central macular thickness quantitatively measured using optical coherence tomography at Sidi-Hussein Health Center, Benghazi, Libya
Authors: Omear Mervat , Bukhatwa Samar , Benkhaial Fatma
Published: March 2021

Introduction: Diabetic macular edema (DME) is the most common cause of decreased vision in diabetic retinopathy (DR) and its detection needs equipment and skills. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is an objective technique that can measure retinal morphologic characteristic which help improving diagnosis and treatment. Aims: This study was conducted to evaluate the role of OCT macula in the screening for DME in patients with diabetes by comparing it to clinical funduscopy in addition to assessing the relationship between central macular thickness (CMT) as measured by OCT macula and the visual acuity of patient. Settings and Design: A retrospective study was done at Sidi Hussein Health center/Benghazi in the period between 2014 and 2017. Subjects and Methods: The data of 393 (786 eyes) patients with diabetes (type II) were reviewed. Cases characteristics records were extracted in addition to fundus examination records (done by noncontact +90-diopter lens). The records of OCT (CMT) were evaluated for agreement with the subjective fundus examination and in relation to other measures. Data were presented as frequencies and the statistical analyses were performed using Statistical Package for the Social Science (Windows version 17.0; SPSS Inc., USA). Results: Around 537 eyes (82%) of eyes with mild DME as diagnosed by OCT were having no DR when examined subjectively. With OCT, it was found that 555 eyes (85%) with mild DME were having good visual acuity (logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution 0.3 and less). About 10 eyes (71%) having severe DME were having duration of diabetes of 10–20 years. Conclusions: OCT is a noninvasive method that can objectively detect and quantify early DME before it affects the vision of patients and it is strongly recommended that this should be the technique of choice for detecting and screening of DME in Libyan patients.
Health professional students' preparedness for E-Health
Authors: A. Al-Tawaty Adel , Omar Elfallah Ehab
Published: March 2021

Background: E-Health is one of the recent major developments in health-care provision. Today's health professional students are considered digitally oriented, and this may endow them with the necessary capabilities to implement E-Health on graduation. Aim: This study aimed to assess students' views, use, confidence, and need for training on E-Health. Participants: Fourth-, 5th- and internship-year students of the medical and dental schools at the Libyan International Medical University constituted the study population. Methodology: This is a cross-sectional study conducted using an online administered survey. Prior to implementation, the questionnaire was reviewed by experts and then piloted on a group of research-targeted students. Likert scale was used for most questions and few were in the form of short answers. Descriptive statistics were reported using SPSS software version 23.0. Results: One hundred and two students responded, and all responders were included for most select-response questions. The male-to-female ratio was 2:3, with a mean age of 24 ± 1.8 years. Medical students accounted for 52% of the participants. An average of 45% reported proficiency in written and spoken English. Only 12% have taken IT-related courses. Their view on E-Health was moderately positive with a mean of 3.5 ± 0.34 of 3.1 ± 1.029. In spite of this, 43% ± 3.9% had negative views on E-Health. Nearly 58% of the participants used digital tools and software with a mean score of 2.43 ± 0.6. Most students reported using social media, especially Facebook (mean 4.95 ± 1.7). The students reported a confidence level of information and communication technology (ICT) use of 3.4 ± 1.2. They also described their confidence in learning a new technology with a value of 3 ± 0.3. Almost 32.9% of the participants expressed an overall need for training on ICT tools. Conclusion: The overall preparedness of this group for ICT is moderate and needs improvement. This could be achieved through introducing changes in the taught curriculum.
Evaluation of Success of Stainless Steel Crowns Placed Using the Hall Technique in Children with High Caries Risk
Authors: Kaptan A , Korkmaz E
Published: March 2021

Objective:

This study aimed to compare the clinical efficacy and survival rates of the hall technique (HT), and conventional restoration (CR) for the management of occlusoproximal carious lesions in primary molars.

Materials and Methods:

This clinical study observed 35 children (aged 4–8 years). Exclusion criteria included symptoms of pulpal or periradicular pathology or systemic conditions requiring special dental considerations. For each child, at least one tooth was treated with HT and one with CR. The primary outcome measures were minor and major clinical failure rates. Plaque and gingival scores of the teeth were also evaluated. Friedman test and Wilcoxon signed ranks test were used to compare the plaque and gingival index scores for each arm. Chi-square tests were used for comparisons of clinical outcomes, plaque-gingival index, and distribution of ICDAS categories among treatment arms (P < 0.05).

Results:

Thirty-three of 35 (94.2%) participants returned for 1-year follow-up. HT showed statistically significantly higher treatment survival rate and fewer minor failures than CR (P = 0.040). The rate of major failures was minimal (2 of 84 teeth) and did not differ between treatments (P = 0.092). In both treatment groups, the gingival score and plaque score were significantly decreased at the 1-year follow-up (P < 0.05).

Conclusion:

HT was a more successful method for managing caries in primary molars than CR, both for symptoms of pulpal disease and longevity of the restorations. HT is a simplified method of managing carious primary molars using SSCs cemented with no local anesthesia, caries removal, or tooth preparation.
Comparing the Effects of Self-Management and Hospital-Based Pulmonary Rehabilitation Programs in COPD Patients
Authors: Kilic B , Cicek HS , Avci MZ
Published: March 2021

Background:

Pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) is a core component of the management of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Although several types of PR programs are implemented for patients with COPD on the basis of patient preferences or clinical protocols, the clinical efficiencies of these programs may vary, with each program having its own unique purpose, procedures, benefits, challenges, and effectiveness.

Aim:

The aim of this study was to compare the effects of self-management and hospital-based PR programs in COPD patients.

Materials and Methods:

This study was prospective intervention research. Fifty-eight patients with stable COPD were randomly allocated to a hospital-based outpatient group and a self-management group before commencement of a 12-week PR program. Before and after the PR program, all patients were evaluated using the 6-min walk test, Modified Borg Scale, St. George's Respiratory Questionnaire, State–Trait Anxiety Inventory, and Standardized Mini-Mental Test.

Results:

Pulmonary functions, dyspnea, quality of life, and 6MWT distance were significantly improvement the hospital-based PR than self-management PR (P < 0.05). Moreover, cognitive function significantly improved after the PR program in both groups with no significant intergroup difference (P > 0.05).

Conclusions:

Our findings suggest that PR is useful for to improvement functional capacity, quality of life, cognitive function and anxiety, in patients with COPD. A hospital-based PR is more effective than a self-management PR program.
Prevalence of Odontogenic Cysts and Tumors on Turkish Sample According to Latest Classification of World Health Organization
Authors: Izgi E , Mollaoglu N , Simsek MB
Published: March 2021

Aim:

The aims of this study are to investigate the prevalence of odontogenic cysts and tumors occurred in a sample of Turkish population in the last 10 years and to compare the data with latest reports.

Methods and Material:

The present retrospective study was carried out at Gazi University, School of Dentistry (GUSD) in Ankara, Turkey. All the data was retrieved from the GUSD archive on patients treated for various oral and maxillofacial lesions between 2008 and 2018. Patients' demographical data, main clinical features of the lesions along with histopathological findings were retrieved from the dental files of the patients. The type of lesions was evaluated according to the latest Head and Neck Tumor (HNT) classification published by the World Health Organization (WHO) in 2017. Data was analyzed by descriptive statistics and Chi-square test using SPSS version 21.0 software.

Results:

Among a total of 739 biopsy-conducted lesions, 467 (63.19%) were odontogenic cysts, 43 (5.82%) were benign odontogenic tumors, and 7 (0.95%) were malignant tumors. The rest of 222 cases were defined as others.

Conclusions:

The present study assessed the demographic and clinico-pathological characteristics of odontogenic cysts/tumors in a group of Turkish people, who visited GUSD for therapeutic purpose in the past 10 years. Results showed that male patients in their 5th-6th decades have the highest risk of odontogenic cyst/tumor, especially in the mandibular posterior region.
Dramatic Rapid Recovery After Transcathater Aortic Valve Implantation in Patient with Ischemic Hepatitis and Hyperbilirunemia
Authors: Sari C , Sarı S Özer , Kucukukur M
Published: March 2021

Transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) is widely used in high-risk patients with severe symptomatic aortic valve stenosis (AS). The use of traditional surgical aortic valve replacement (SAVR) significantly increases the risk of complications in chronic liver failure with the release of many vasoactive and cytotoxic substrates. In patients with ischemic hepatitis or liver dysfunction along with the severe AS, TAVI may be advantageous due to its minimally invasive nature. However, there is limited information about the outcome of TAVI in a patient with both hepatic and multisystem dysfunction. We report this case demonstrating dramatic result of TAVI in a patient in extremely poor clinical condition due to ischemic hepatitis and hyperbilirunemia.
Proximal Femoral Geometry Analysis of Igbos of South East Nigeria and its Clinical Application in Total Hip Replacement and Hip Surgeries
Authors: Katchy AU , Nto NJ , Agu AU , Ikele IT , Chime SC , Ugwu AU
Published: March 2021

Background:

Proximal femoral geometry(PFG) plays a role in the biomechanics of the hip. During total hip replacement detailed efforts are made to restore this biomechanics in other to ensure patients satisfaction and implant survival. There are variations in these parameters. Ethnicity is one of the most influential factors accounting for these variations.

Aim:

To determine the values of the parameters of the proximal femoral geometry among the ethnic Igbos of the South Eastern Nigeria, determine any correlation between these parameters, and compare these values with known populations as well as discuss the clinical application in total hip replacement and other hip surgeries. Materials and Method: Seven hundred and sixteen (716) femoral bones taken from the osteology unit of department of anatomy of University of Nigeria Enugu Campus (UNEC) were screened and proximal femoral parameters measured using Vernier calipers. Results: There were 356 right and 360 left femoral bones with the following values: Femoral Neck Anteversion Angle (FNAVA): M=19.04°, SD=2.075°, Proximal Femoral Length(PFL): M=73.24mm, SD=7.622, Femoral Head Vertical Diameter(FHVD):M= 44.64mm, SD=3.134, Femoral Head Transverse Diameter(FHTD),M=44.55mm, SD=3.379mm, Femoral Head Diameter(FHD),M=44.60mm, SD=3.119mm, Femoral Neck Anterior Length(FNAL), M=31.86mm, SD=5.383mm, Femoral Posterior Neck Length(FPNL):M=22.23mm, SD=3.520mm, Femoral Neck Diameter (FND), M=32.71mm, SD= 3.315mm, Proximal Femoral Width Head to Side (PFWHS), M=89mm.80,SD= 10.331mm, Proximal Femoral Width Side to Side (PFWSS), M=31.47mm, SD=2.812mm, Femoral Neck Shaft Angle(FNSA), M=132.15°, 7.305°.

Conclusion:

The parameters of the proximal femoral geometry of the ethnic Igbos of the South East of Nigeria, differed from other populations and exhibited laterality.
Macular Diseases in Ibadan, Nigeria
Authors: Oluleye TS , Babalola YO , Majekodunmi OI , Ijaduola MA
Published: March 2021

Background:

Retina diseases including the diseases of the macular are underreported in developing countries of sub-Sahara Africa including Nigeria.

Method:

A retrospective review of retinal register of cases presenting to the retinal clinic of the University College Hospital, Ibadan within 4 years (December 2015, to November 2019). Demographics and clinical data of all patients with macula diseases were retrieved. Data were analysed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences IBM (SPSS-IBM), version 22 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, Illinois, USA), and reported as frequency distributions and percentages.

Results:

A total of 1291 retinal cases were seen during the period under review, out of which 322 cases were diseases of the macula, representing 24.9% of retinal cases seen. The top 3 common causes of macular disease found in the study were dry Age-related Macular Degeneration (AMD) 63 (19.6%); Macula oedema 53 (16.5%) and Non-AMD atrophic maculopathy (from Retinitis Pigmentosa, chloroquine maculopathy and hereditary causes) 51 (15.9%) representing more than 50% of cases. Macular holes 48 (14.9%); Non-AMD macular scar (Toxoplasmosis, Trauma) 37 (11.5%) and choroidal neovascular membrane (CNVM) 26 (8.1%) are other important causes. Idiopathic Polypoidal Choroidal Vasculopathy (IPCV) 17 (5.3%) is an emerging cause of macular disease in the retina unit of the University College Hospital Ibadan.

Conclusion:

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD), Macular oedema and Non-AMD atrophic maculopathy are major causes of macular disease presentation in the retinal clinic of the University College Hospital Ibadan, Nigeria. CNVM and IPCV are emerging causes.
Cephalometric Evaluation of Hyoid Bone Position in Subjects with different Vertical Dental Patterns
Authors: Soyoye OA , Otuyemi OD , Newman-Nartey M
Published: March 2021

Objective:

This study investigated the relationship between hyoid position and vertical dental dimensions (overbite), and the influence of gender on the location of this bone.

Methods:

One hundred and seventy-four standardized lateral cephalometric radiographs were randomly selected from a pool of radiographs of patients seeking orthodontic treatment with ages ranging from 10 to 58 years. The subjects were divided into three groups according to their vertical dental dimensions (overbite) into reduced, normal, and increased overbite groups. The hyoid bone position was determined by four horizontal linear and three vertical linear line measurements. Associations between the position of the bone and different vertical dental patterns were analyzed using ANOVA and Tukey's multiple comparison analysis.

Results:

There was a progressive increase in the horizontal linear position of the hyoid bone parameters across the groups from the reduced through normal to increase overbite. Similarly, a statistical reduction in the vertical linear positions of the hyoid bone parameters was found across the groups from reduced overbite through normal overbite to increased overbite (P < 0.05). The vertical linear hyoid bone positions were located higher in the male than in female subjects. Tukey's multiple comparison analysis showed a highly statistically significant difference in the vertical linear hyoid bone positions between reduced and normal overbite groups and between reduced and increased overbite groups.

Conclusion:

The hyoid bone was positioned more antero-inferiorly and more postero-superiorly in subjects with reduced overbite and increased overbite, respectively.
Prevalence of Refractive Errors and Visual Impairment in School Children in Enugu South-East Nigeria
Authors: Ezegwui IR , Oguego NC , Okoye OI , Maduka-Okafor FC , Udeh N , Aghaji AE , Okoye O , Nwobi E , Umeh-Aneji C , Onwasigwe EN , Umeh RE
Published: March 2021

Aims:

To determine the prevalence of refractive errors and causes of visual impairment in school children in Enugu State, South-eastern Nigeria.

Methods:

A descriptive cross-sectional, school-based survey in children aged 5–15 years from selected primary and junior secondary schools (public and private) in both urban and rural communities of Enugu State was carried out. Ocular examinations were performed on them according to the Refractive Error in School-age Children (RESC) protocol.

Results:

A total of 1167 children were examined. The mean age (standard deviation) was 10.58 ± 3.0 years. Females were 653 (54.4%) of the study population. The uncorrected, presenting and best-corrected visual acuity of ≤20/40 (6/12) in the better eye of the children in this study were 3.6%. 3.5% and 0.4%. Among the children that had visual impairment, refractive error accounted for 33.3% of reduced vision while the overall prevalence of refractive error was 2.1%. Prevalence of myopia was 1.9% and hyperopia, 0.1%. The most prevalent astigmatism was ≤0.75 dioptre cylinder.

Conclusion:

The prevalence of refractive error in this study is low, with myopia being more common. Despite the low prevalence of refractive error, school vision screening is still important for African children as it serves as an opportunity to identify other ocular morbidities among the children.
Hemoptysis and Massive Focal Alveolar Hemorrhage after Successful Biventricular Pacemaker Implantation
Authors: Bankir M , Koc AS , Gorgulu FF , Sumbul HE , Koc M
Published: March 2021

During and after cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) implantation, many adverse events may occur. We present an interesting and important patient with hemoptysis and massive focal alveolar hemorrhage in a patient after a successful CRT implantation. CRT implantation was completed without any problems. In the follow-up, complaints of cough and hemoptysis began 1 h after the procedure. On the PA chest X-ray, a ground glass image was found in the left upper zone. Thorax CT revealed focal alveolar hemorrhage in the left upper lobe anterior segmental lung parenchyma. The patient was followed up with medical treatment and discharged in good health.
Palliative endoscopic retrograde biliary drainage for malignant biliary obstruction in Korea
Authors: Jang Dong Kee , Kim Jungmee , Yoon Seung Bae , Yoon Won Jae , Kim Jung-Wook , Lee Tae Hee , Jang Jae-Young , Paik Chang Nyol , Lee Jun Kyu
Published: March 2021

Background:

Malignant biliary obstruction (MBO) is usually caused by biliary tract cancer or pancreatic cancer. This study was performed to summarize the current situation regarding palliative endoscopic retrograde biliary drainage (ERBD) for MBO in Korea and to determine its clinical significance by analyzing representative nationwide data.

Methods:

Patients that underwent palliative ERBD for MBO between 2012 and 2015 were identified using the Health Insurance Review and Assessment database, which covers the entire Korean population. We assessed clinical characteristics and complications and compared the clinical impacts of initial metal and plastic stenting in these patients.

Results:

A total of 9,728 subjects (mean age, 65 ± 11.4 years; male, 61.4%) were identified and analyzed. The most common diagnosis was malignant neoplasm of liver and intrahepatic bile ducts (32.1%) and this was followed by extrahepatic or Ampulla of Vater cancer and pancreatic cancer. Initial plastic stent(s) placement was performed in 52.9% of the study subjects, and metal stent(s) placement was performed in 23.3%. The number of sessions of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) or percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage (PTBD) was significantly higher in patients that underwent initial plastic stenting than in patients that underwent metal stenting (2.2 ± 1.7 vs 1.8 ± 1.4, P < 0.0001), but rates of post-ERCP pancreatitis, hospital days, and time to second ERCP or PTBD were not significantly different.

Conclusion:

This nationwide assessment study suggests that initial metal stenting is associated with fewer sessions of total ERCP or PTBD following the initial procedure, despite the preference for initial plastic stenting in Korea.
Mid-term results of one-stop endovascular aortic repair/ percutaneous coronary intervention hybrid procedure for patients with aortic and coronary artery diseases
Authors: Luo Mingyao , Fang Kun , Ye Shaodong , Yang Min , Fan Bowen , Xue Yunfei , Zhao Jiawei , Chen Zujun , Zhang Haitao , Lv Bin , Tang Yida , Shu Chang
Published: March 2021

BACKGROUND:

This study aimed to report our experience of endovascular aortic repair (EVAR) combined with percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) for “one-stop” treatment of aortic and coronary artery diseases.

SUBJECTS AND METHODS:

From January 2016 to December 2017, 17 patients (average age: 69.0, range: 44–86) with abdominal aortic aneurysms (n = 9), penetrating aortic ulcers (n = 6), and type B aortic dissection (n = 2), also combined with severe coronary artery disease, underwent “one-stop” EVAR/PCI hybrid procedure in Fuwai Hospital and were analyzed retrospectively.

RESULTS:

The technical success rate was 100%. 11 cases received abdominal EVARs, 5 cases underwent thoracic EVARs, and 1 case had just aortic angiography. For the coronary lesions, 10 cases received coronary stent implantations, with an average stent number of 1.8 (1–3); one case underwent only balloon dilatation, and 6 cases merely had coronary angiography. There was no in-hospital death. Postoperative complications included subcutaneous ecchymosis in 4 cases; One suffered from pseudo-aneurysm at the puncture point of the left brachial artery, which was repaired surgically. Two had mild type II endoleak after abdominal EVAR. One patient was lost 12 months later and 16 patients were followed up for 28.6 (12–39) months. 3 deaths, with the cause of cancer in 2 and unknown in 1, and 2 readmissions were recorded. All other patients reported disappearance or significant reduction of previous symptoms. Both type II endoleak disappeared in 12 months.

CONCLUSIONS:

The “one-stop” EVAR/PCI hybrid procedure is a safe and feasible option for the treatment of aortic and coronary artery disease.
A Tauberian approach to Weyl’s law for the Kohn Laplacian on spheres
Authors: Bosch Henry , Gonzales Tyler , Spinelli Kamryn , Udell Gabe , Zeytuncu Yunus E.
Published: March 2021

We compute the leading coefficient in the asymptotic expansion of the eigenvalue counting function for the Kohn Laplacian on the spheres. We express the coefficient as an infinite sum and as an integral.