bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dynamic tensile process of blended fabric using finite element method
Authors: Su Xuzhong , Liu Xinjin
Published: April 2020

Purpose

Tensile property is one basic mechanics performance of the fabric. In general, not only the tensile values of the fabric are needed, but also the dynamic changing process under the tension is also needed. However, the dynamic tensile process cannot be included in the common testing methods by using the instruments after fabric weaving.

Design/methodology/approach

By choosing the weft yarn and warp yarn in the fabric as the minimum modeling unit, 1:1 finite element model of the whole woven fabrics was built by using AutoCAD software according to the measured geometric parameters of the fabrics and mechanical parameters of yarns. Then, the fabric dynamic tensile process was simulated by using the ANSYS software. The stress–strain curve along the warp direction and shrinkage rate curve along the weft direction of the fabrics were simulated. Meanwhile, simulation results were verified by comparing to the testing results.

Findings

It is shown that there are four stages during the fabric tensile fracture process along the warp direction under the tension. The first stage is fabric elastic deformation. The second stage is fabric yield deformation, and the change rate of stress begins to slow down. The third stage is fiber breaking, and the change of stress fluctuates since the breaking time of the fibers is different. The fourth stage is fabric breaking.

Originality/value

In this paper, the dynamic tensile process of blended woven fabrics was studied by using finite element method. Although there are differences between the simulation results and experimental testing results, the overall tendency of simulation results is the same as the experimental testing results.
Evolution of project management studies in the XXI century
Authors: Wawak Sławomir , Woźniak Krzysztof
Published: April 2020

Purpose

The objectives of the study were to demonstrate the suitability of methodology based on a text mining toolset for detecting trends in scientific papers and to find trends that were present in the field of project management during the research time span (2000–2019).

Design/methodology/approach

An approach based on text mining tools supported by expert analysis was adopted due to an extensive number of publications in the field of project management. The novelty of the approach lies in the proposed method of trends discovery instead of the commonly used trends predefinition. The use of computer support allowed the full texts of papers, and not only abstracts, to be analysed, which significantly increased the reliability of the achieved results. Overall, 3,544 papers from seven journals were analysed.

Findings

As a result, 43 trends were discovered including seven long-lasting, four declining, 17 emerging and 15 ephemeris trends. Trends were analysed in comparison with the results of previous studies and project management frameworks. New trends and potential gaps were discussed.

Originality/value

The results highlight the topics of research that gain popularity among researchers, and which are related to the current problems that arise in project management. Therefore, the results can help focus studies on the most important areas, as well as find new ones which are not so popular yet. The knowledge of current trends is also important for those project managers who seek to improve the efficiency of their work.
Tensions between compliance, internal controls and ethics in the domain of project governance
Authors: Scoleze Ferrer Paulo Sergio , Galvão Graziela Darla Araujo , de Carvalho Marly Monteiro
Published: April 2020

Purpose

This study aims to investigate how the dynamics of compliance, internal controls and ethics can generate tensions in the domain of project governance. Moreover, it investigates the tensions between these constructs and the search for project success from a practice-based perspective.

Design/methodology/approach

A methodological approach is taken, with a case-based research carried out in a large European multinational company. Data were gathered through 21 interviews, between project managers and other key stakeholders, and documentary data from 64 projects for triangulation and critical analysis.

Findings

As a result, four patterns of tensions were identified: Tension A between compliance and project success, Tension B between internal controls and project success, Tension C between compliance and internal controls and Tension D between compliance and ethics.

Research limitations/implications

Some limitations should be acknowledged. The first, ontological, is inherent in the post-positivist perspective, accepting human subjectivity and the complexity of social reality intrinsic to research applied to the social sciences, respectively implying interpretive bias and incompleteness in the comprehension of the facts. The second limitation comes from the use of a single case study, in which singular contextual characteristics make it difficult to generalise the results.

Practical implications

This study has implications for practice, as it highlights weaknesses that may occur in organisations owing to tensions between the elements of compliance, internal controls and ethics. This, therefore, implies ways of strengthening the consistency of project governance. The project governance domain and its tensions affect the project-success holistic view in both efficiency and effectiveness, since the elements of internal control and compliance can create tensions that favour one project success perspective to detriment of the others. Understanding the nature of tensions, their implications and the long-term holistic perspective can lead to better decisions by managers.

Originality/value

The results suggest that a formal code of ethics, a project management methodology, internal controls and a well-established training programme are not sufficient, because, in the practical context, the interaction between these elements creates tensions that impact their logical consistency lost when interacting with each other.
Viewing marketing through entrepreneurial mindset: a systematic review
Authors: Yadav Anshita , Bansal Sanchita
Published: April 2020

Purpose

The present paper explores and analyses various aspects of entrepreneurial marketing in the different regions (developed or developing) and attempts to consolidate the extant literature in the field of entrepreneurial marketing and suggests future directions for research.

Design/methodology/approach

The research questions developed by the paper deal with (1) comparison of entrepreneurial marketing in the developed and developing world; (2) methodological approaches used in entrepreneurial marketing; (3) the constructs or theories used in literature; (4) the existing research gaps and potential future directions in research of entrepreneurial marketing. To answer the same, we conduct a systematic literature review of the 82 research papers extracted from the Web of Science (WoS) and ScienceDirect databases.

Findings

The findings are presented in the form of descriptive and results. The descriptive findings show that more studies are needed in developing nations, introducing or developing entrepreneurial marketing conceptually, using mixed research designs, having objective measurements of constructs and contributing to comparative studies. The results discuss the constructs and theories employed in the extant literature and suggest that theories like human capital, creation, causation or trust are fundamental to study entrepreneurial marketing.

Originality/value

The paper adopts the existing entrepreneurial, marketing, innovation, and customer orientation (EMICO) framework and further develops an organizing framework to discover several gaps in the existing literature that can further be explored and promote the development of research in entrepreneurial marketing.
A dual systems model of online impulse buying
Authors: Xu Haiqin , Zhang Kem Z.K. , Zhao Sesia J.
Published: April 2020

Purpose

Consumers often communicate with other consumers and perform impulse buying behavior on social commerce websites. Based on stimulus-organism-response framework and dual systems theory, the present study examines the effects of social interactions and self-control on consumers' impulse purchase.

Design/methodology/approach

An online survey consisting of 315 participants on social commerce websites was recruited to empirically examine the proposed research model. Partial Least Squares (PLS) was employed to analyze the research model.

Findings

Our main findings indicate that (1) source credibility, observational learning and review quality are important antecedents of perceived usefulness of online reviews, (2) source credibility, observational learning and perceived usefulness positively affect positive affect, which further results in urge to buy and impulse buying, (3) self-control weakens the effect of positive affect on urge to buy impulsively and also weakens the effect of urge to buy impulsively on impulse buying behavior.

Originality/value

The present study will bring more attention to social interactions in social networks in practice and encourage scholars to pay more attention to the reflective system in online impulse buying.
Effects of culture on graphical password image selection and design
Authors: Mohamed Mona , Chakraborty Joyram , Pillutla Sharma
Published: April 2020

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to examine the effects of culture on the cross-cultural design of the recognition-based graphical password (RBG-P) interface as inferred from Chinese and Saudi subjects’ image selections.

Design/methodology/approach

The authors use a between-group design adopted using two groups of participants from China and the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia to measure the differences caused by the effects of cultures on graphical password image selections. Three hypotheses have been tested in a four-week long study carried out using two questionnaires and an RBG-P webtool designed for images selection.

Findings

The results have indicated that participants are equally biased not only toward their own culture but also depending on their opinions about other cultures. In addition, when creating the password, it has been observed that culture not only influenced the image selection to create the password but also have an effect on the sequence of the images forming the password.

Research limitations/implications

Appropriately used image selection differences can be used appropriately in cross-cultural designs that will lead to better development of culturally adaptive interfaces that will boost the security posture of RBG-P authentication.

Practical implications

Some RBG-P interfaces that are produced outside the designer’s culture may suffer the effects of cultural differences. Hence, to incorporate culture in the interface, authentication systems within applications should be flexible by designing images that fit the culture in which the software will be used. To this end, access control interface testing should also be carried out in the environmental and cultural context in which it is will be used.

Originality/value

This paper provides useful information for international developers who develop cross-cultural usable secure designs. In such environments, the cross-culturally designs may have significant effects on the acceptability and adoption adaptation of the interface to multi-cultural settings.
Child helplines: exploring determinants and boundary conditions of volunteer encounter satisfaction
Authors: Siegel Joshua , van Dolen Willemijn
Published: April 2020

Purpose

Volunteers at child helplines play an important role in providing support for children, so keeping them satisfied during encounters is crucial to continue helping children. The purpose of this study is to understand how children’s perceptions of instrumental and emotional support (partner effects) influence volunteer encounter satisfaction, and whether this effect is moderated by a volunteer’s previous encounter experience and levels of interpersonal and service-offering adaptiveness.

Design/methodology/approach

The sample consisted of 377 dyads of 116 volunteers and 377 children from online service encounters at a child helpline. Questionnaires were used to measure satisfaction, support and volunteer adaptiveness. A multilevel model was estimated to test the hypothesized moderation effects.

Findings

This study revealed that the instrumental support partner effect positively influenced volunteer encounter satisfaction. This relationship was stronger when the previous encounter was less satisfying or for volunteers with higher interpersonal, but not higher service-offering, adaptiveness. Negative effects on the relationship between the emotional support partner effect and volunteer encounter satisfaction were found after a less satisfying previous encounter or for volunteers with higher interpersonal adaptiveness.

Originality/value

This study contributes to the services and volunteerism literature by providing a unique perspective on the interpersonal influence between volunteers and children during service encounters. In the context of child helplines, this paper illustrates how volunteer encounter satisfaction is a function of the intricate interplay between children’s perceptions of the service encounter and volunteers’ perceptions of previous experiences and their adaptiveness.
Impact of humble leadership on project success: the mediating role of psychological empowerment and innovative work behavior
Authors: Ali Mudassar , Zhang Li , Shah Syed Jamal , Khan Salim , Shah Adnan Muhammad
Published: April 2020

Purpose

This paper aims to examine the impact of humble leadership on project success. The mediating effects of psychological empowerment and innovative work behavior on the relationship between humble leadership and project success are tested.

Design/methodology/approach

Data were collected from 337 individuals employed in the civil construction sector of Pakistan.

Findings

The results showed that humble leadership is positively related to project success. Furthermore, psychological empowerment and innovative work behavior partially mediate the relationship between humble leadership and project success.

Originality/value

Drawing on conservation of resource theory, this study found that how humble leadership is important for project success and thus extends the utility of the concept of humble leadership to the project literature.
Corporate governance in state-owned enterprises in Lesotho
Authors: Botlhale Emmanuel Kopang
Published: April 2020

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to discuss corporate governance in state-owned enterprises (SOEs) in Lesotho to influence policy debates.

Design/methodology/approach

This is a desktop study that used the qualitative research approach. For this research, the case study method has been adopted. In terms of orientation, this is descriptive research. Data were collected from three-tiered sources: independent publications (e.g. World Bank); government publications; and newspaper articles. Data analysis was in the form of document analysis.

Findings

The study concluded that there are instances of poor and/or bad governance in SOEs in Lesotho. Egregious examples include transgressing against the Public Financial Management Act (2011) and the failure to submit Audited Financial Results.

Research limitations/implications

The findings are limited to a specific case. Nonetheless, there are general lessons that can be drawn for African countries from the case study. A key general lesson is the imperative need to reconfigure the legal-institutional architecture of SOEs so that they create public value.

Practical implications

Other than cataloguing instances of poor and/or bad governance in SOEs in Lesotho, the paper goes further and accordingly makes policy recommendations to enhance corporate governance in SOEs in Lesotho.

Originality/value

There is no academic study on corporate governance in SOEs in Lesotho; therefore, there is a gap in the literature. Hence, the study makes an original contribution to the literature.
Spatially constrained attenuation compensation in the mixed domain
Authors: Ma Xiong , Li Guofa , He Shumei , Li Hao , Wang Zhewu
Published: April 2020

Seismic attenuation compensation is a spectrum‐broadening technique for enhancing the resolution of non‐stationary seismic data. The single‐trace attenuation compensation algorithms ignore the prior information that the seismic reflection events are generally continuous along seismic traces, thus, the compensated result may have poor spatial continuity and low signal‐to‐noise ratio. To address this problem, we extend the single‐trace approaches to the multi‐trace algorithms and furthermore propose a multi‐trace attenuation compensation with a spatial constraint. The frequency‐space prediction filters are the key to construct this spatial regularization. We test the effectiveness of the proposed spatially constrained attenuation compensation algorithm by applying both synthetic and field data examples. Synthetic data tests indicate that the proposed multi‐trace attenuation compensation approach can provide a better compensated result than single‐trace attenuation compensation algorithm in terms of suppressing noise amplification and guaranteeing structural continuities. Field data applications further confirm its stability and practicality to improve seismic resolution.
Deer density drives habitat use of establishing wolves in the Western European Alps
Authors: Roder Stefanie , Biollaz François , Mettaz Stéphane , Zimmermann Fridolin , Manz Ralph , Kéry Marc , Vignali Sergio , Fumagalli Luca , Arlettaz Raphaël , Braunisch Veronika
Published: April 2020

The return of top carnivores to their historical range triggers conflicts with the interests of different stakeholder groups. Anticipating such conflicts is key to appropriate conservation management, which calls for reliable spatial predictions of future carnivore occurrence. Previous models have assessed general habitat suitability for wolves, but the factors driving the settlement of dispersing individuals remain ill‐understood. In particular, little attention has been paid to the role of prey availability in the recolonization process.

High spatial resolution and area‐wide relative densities of the wolf's main ungulate prey species (red deer, roe deer and chamois) were assessed from snow‐track surveys and modelled along with wolf presence data and other environmental descriptors to identify the main drivers of habitat selection of re‐establishing wolves in the Western European Alps.

Prey species abundance was estimated from the minimum number of individuals recorded from snow‐tracks along two hundred and eighteen 1‐km transects surveyed twice a year during four successive winters (2012/2013–2015/2016). Abundance estimates per transect, corrected for species‐specific detection probabilities and averaged across winters, were used to model area‐wide relative prey density and biomass.

Confirmed wolf observations during the same four winters were used to develop a spatially explicit habitat selection model for establishing wolves, based on our estimates of prey supply and other environmental descriptors of topography, land‐use and climate.

Detection‐corrected ungulate prey abundances and modelled relative densities varied considerably in space (0–2.8, 1.3–4.5 and 0–6.3 per 50 ha in red deer, roe deer and chamois respectively; 1.3–11.65 pooled), while total predicted prey biomass ranged from 23 to 304 kg per 50 ha.

Red deer density was the most important factor explaining wolf occurrence (31% contribution), followed by roe deer density (22%), winter precipitation (19%) and presence of game reserves (16%), showing that food supply, especially red deer as the most profitable prey in the Western Alps, was the main driver of winter habitat selection during the settlement phase.

Synthesis and applications. We demonstrate the crucial importance of including accurate, fine‐grained information about prey supply for predicting recolonization patterns of carnivores and thus anticipating areas with potential human–wildlife conflicts where preventive measures should be prioritized.
Reverse transcriptase enzyme and priming strategy affect quantification and diversity of environmental transcripts
Authors: Cholet Fabien , Ijaz Umer Z. , Smith Cindy J.
Published: April 2020

Reverse‐transcriptase‐quantitative PCR (RT‐Q‐PCR) and RT‐PCR amplicon sequencing, provide a convenient, target‐specific, high‐sensitivity approach for gene expression studies and are widely used in environmental microbiology. Yet, the effectiveness and reproducibility of the reverse transcription step has not been evaluated. Therefore, we tested a combination of four commercial reverse transcriptases with two priming techniques to faithfully transcribe 16S rRNA and amoA transcripts from marine sediments. Both enzyme and priming strategy greatly affected quantification of the exact same target with differences of up to 600‐fold. Furthermore, the choice of RT system significantly changed the communities recovered. For 16S rRNA, both enzyme and priming had a significant effect with enzyme having a stronger impact than priming. Inversely, for amoA only the change in priming strategy resulted in significant differences between the same samples. Specifically, more OTUs and better coverage of amoA transcripts diversity were obtained with GS priming indicating this approach was better at recovering the diversity of amoA transcripts. Moreover, sequencing of RNA mock communities revealed that, even though transcript α diversities (i.e., OTU counts within a sample) can be biased by the RT, the comparison of β diversities (i.e., differences in OTU counts between samples) is reliable as those biases are reproducible between environments.
Subsistence and complexity of antimicrobial resistance on a community‐wide level
Authors: Perri Riccardo , Kolvenbach Boris A. , Corvini Philippe F. X.
Published: April 2020

There are a multitude of resistance strategies that microbes can apply to avoid inhibition by antimicrobials. One of these strategies is the enzymatic modification of the antibiotic, in a process generally termed inactivation. Furthermore, some microorganisms may not be limited to the mere inactivation of the antimicrobial compounds. They can continue by further enzymatic degradation of the compounds' carbon backbone, taking nutritional and energetic advantage of the former antibiotic. This driving force to harness an additional food source in a complex environment adds another level of complexity to the reasonably well‐understood process of antibiotic resistance proliferation on a single cell level: It brings bioprotection into play at the level of microbial community. Despite the possible implications of a resistant community in a host and a lurking antibiotic failure, knowledge of degradation pathways of antibiotics and their connections is scarce. Currently, it is limited to only a few families of antibiotics (e.g. β‐lactams and sulfonamides). In this article, we discuss the fluctuating nature of the relationship between antibiotic resistance and the biodegradation of antibiotics. This distinction mainly depends on the genetic background of the microbe, as general resistance genes can be recruited to function in a biodegradation pathway.
The Multitude and the Machine: Productivism, Populism, Posthumanism
Authors: Pitts Frederick Harry
Published: April 2020

There has been a proliferating literature on postcapitalist and post‐work futures in recent years, underpinned by policy proposals like the basic income and a reduction in working hours. It has gained increasing uptake within left electoral politics and policy making. The generational potency of these ideas require that we understand their theoretical roots. This article considers the interplay between the work of Michael Hardt and Antonio Negri and the new postcapitalism exemplified by the likes of Paul Mason and Aaron Bastani, as well as its relationship with intellectual currents around Corbynism and the wider contemporary left. Through a discussion of their latest book, Assembly, it will be seen that Hardt and Negri both inform, and are increasingly informed by, the postcapitalist and post‐work thinking popular on the left today—in particular at its ‘posthumanist’ fringes. However, this recent work is characterised by a series of tactical redirections that, rather than indicating renewal, reflect the potential collapse of this utopian framework for the future in the face of a rapidly unravelling global political context. Whilst the determinist understanding of social transformation cannot permit these setbacks, this shines a light on more general shifts in left strategy and analysis.
Inter‐professional practice in the prevention and management of child and adolescent self‐harm: foster carers’ and residential carers’ negotiation of expertise and professional identity
Authors: Jennings Stephen , Evans Rhiannon
Published: April 2020

Inter‐professional collaboration remains a significant concern within healthcare and social care. However, there has been scant attention paid to practices at the interface of clinicians and carers, namely foster carers and residential carers. The present study considers child and adolescent self‐harm management and prevention practices as a site of empirical interest due to reports that multi‐agency teams are not effectively operating. Drawing upon a grounded theory approach, data were generated via semi‐structured interviews and focus groups with residential carers (n = 15) and foster carers (n = 15) in Wales. Themes were developed through axial coding. The results present two central themes to explain the nature and perceived causes of inter‐professional discord. First, there are clear contestations in expertise, with carers challenging clinicians’ propositional knowledge in favour of their own experiential expertise. However, participants simultaneously endorse medical dominance, which contributes to their sense of disempowerment and marginalisation. Second, is the preclusion of carers’ professional identity, primarily due to inadequate professionalisation procedures. Meanwhile, the privileging of their parenting role is perceived to support the perpetuation of courtesy stigma. Carers are then compelled to undertake the effortful labour of legitimisation. Together these thematic insights provide direction on mechanisms to improve inter‐professional interactions, notably around training and accreditation.
Risk factors for the recurrence of obstetrical anal sphincter injury and the role of a mediolateral episiotomy: an analysis of a national registry
Authors: van Bavel J , Ravelli ACJ , Abu‐Hanna A , Roovers JPWR , Mol BW , de Leeuw JW
Published: April 2020

Objective

The assessment of risk factors, including mediolateral episiotomy (MLE), for the recurrence of obstetric anal sphincter injury (rOASI).

Design

Population‐based cohort study.

Setting

Data from the nationwide database of the Dutch Perinatal Registry (Perined).

Population

A cohort of 391 026 women at term, of whom 9943 had an OASI in their first delivery and had a second vaginal delivery of a liveborn infant in cephalic position.

Methods

Possible risk factors were tested for statistical significance using univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis.

Main outcome measures

Rate of rOASI.

Results

The rate of rOASI was 5.8%. Multivariate analysis identified a birthweight of ≥4000 g (adjusted OR, aOR, 2.1, 95% CI 1.6–2.6) and a duration of second stage of ≥30 minutes (aOR 1.8, 95% CI 1.4–2.3) as statistically significant risk factors for rOASI. Mediolateral episiotomy was associated with a statistically significant lower rate of rOASI in spontaneous vaginal delivery (SVD) (aOR 0.4, 95% CI 0.3–0.5) and in operative vaginal delivery (OVD) (aOR 0.2, 95% CI 0.1–0.5).

Conclusions

Women with a history of OASI have a higher rate of OASI in their next delivery. Duration of the second stage of ≥30 minutes and a birthweight of ≥4000 g are significantly associated with an increased rate of rOASI. Mediolateral episiotomy is associated with a significantly lower rate of rOASI in both SVD and OVD.

Tweetable abstract

Mediolateral episiotomy is associated with a significant lower recurrence rate of OASI in women with an OASI in their first delivery.
Updates on understanding of probiotic lactic acid bacteria responses to environmental stresses and highlights on proteomic analyses
Authors: Mbye Mustapha , Baig Mohd Affan , AbuQamar Synan F. , El‐Tarabily Khaled A. , Obaid Reyad S. , Osaili Tareq M. , Al‐Nabulsi Anas A. , Turner Mark S. , Shah Nagendra P. , Ayyash Mutamed M.
Published: April 2020

Probiotics are defined as live microorganisms that improve the health of the host when administered in adequate quantities. Nonetheless, probiotics encounter extreme environmental conditions during food processing or along the gastrointestinal tract. This review discusses different environmental stresses that affect probiotics during food preparation, storage, and along the alimentary canal, including high temperature, low temperature, low and alkaline pH, oxidative stress, high hydrostatic pressure, osmotic pressure, and starvation. The understanding of how probiotics deal with environmental stress and thrive provides useful information to guide the selection of the strains with enhanced performance in specific situations, in food processing or during gastrointestinal transit. In most cases, multiple biological functions are affected upon exposure of the cell to environmental stress. Sensing of sublethal environmental stress can allow for adaptation processes to occur, which can include alterations in the expression of specific proteins.
Effect of nintedanib on non‐small cell lung cancer in a patient with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: A case report and literature review
Authors: Shiratori Toshihiro , Tanaka Hisashi , Tabe Chiori , Tsuchiya Junichiro , Ishioka Yoshiko , Itoga Masamichi , Taima Kageaki , Takanashi Shingo , Tasaka Sadatomo
Published: April 2020

Nintedanib has been approved for the treatment of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). In addition, in EU countries, nintedanib plus docetaxel is used for patients with advanced non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) after first‐line chemotherapy. Here, we report a case of advanced NSCLC in a patient with IPF successfully treated with nintedanib monotherapy. A 69‐year‐old man was diagnosed with NSCLC complicated by IPF. After three lines of chemotherapy, he still had progressive disease. Because his IPF had also progressed, requiring supplemental oxygen, we decided to start best supportive care and introduced nintedanib to treat his IPF. One month later, we observed a partial remission of the primary tumor and pleural disseminations without severe adverse events. Nintedanib monotherapy might therefore be an effective therapeutic choice for NSCLC in patients with IPF who are unable to tolerate cytotoxic chemotherapy.

Key points

Efficacy of nintedanib administered in a NSCLC patient with IPF.

Nintedanib monotherapy might be a therapeutic option for NSCLC patients with IPF who are unable to tolerate chemotherapy.
Reporting Bias and Monitoring in Clean Development Mechanism Projects*
Authors: Chen Hui , Letmathe Peter , Soderstrom Naomi
Published: April 2020

The Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) is a flexible carbon market mechanism managed by the United Nations. The program grants tradable carbon emissions credits (Certified Emission Reductions) for carbon‐reducing projects in developing countries. A project can only be admitted to the program if it is not financially profitable, and thus would not take place without the emission credits granted through the CDM. In this paper, we examine how monitoring reduces incentives of companies to bias the reported expected financial viability of potential CDM projects to gain admission to the program. We find that reported rates of return, which are a key factor for admission to the program, tend to be downwardly biased and are negatively associated with the expected benefits stemming from forecasted greenhouse gas reductions. However, monitoring from various sources mitigates some of the distorted incentives and related reporting bias. Furthermore, the monitoring effect becomes much stronger after 2008, when the CDM Executive Board implemented a series of measures to strengthen the additionality testing that provides guidance for program applications.
Creating Safe Space for Undocumented Students: Building on Politically Unstable Ground
Authors: Nájera Jennifer R.
Published: April 2020

This article presents a case study that examines how undocumented students created a safe space for themselves on their college campus and how that space was ultimately institutionalized by the university. It also considers the politically vulnerable position of undocumented youth in such endeavors. Drawing from Bronfenbrenner's ecological systems model, the analysis provided here examines the micro and macro contexts that facilitate and impede the development of safe space for undocumented students.
Keratinocyte cancer with incidental perineural invasion: A registry analysis of management and 5‐year outcomes
Authors: Adams Agnieszka , De’Ambrosis Brian , Panizza Ben , Belt Paul , Emmett James , Warren Tim , Whiteman David C.
Published: April 2020

Background/Objectives

Perineural invasion within keratinocyte cancer is a hallmark of tumour aggression, and a definitive treatment paradigm for this condition remains undetermined. Our aim was to investigate the treatment and outcomes of keratinocyte cancer with incidental perineural invasion within two skin cancer databases to refine treatment protocols.

Methods

We retrospectively assessed the Queensland Perineural Invasion Registry for surgery, histopathology, adjuvant radiotherapy and recurrence of keratinocyte cancer five years post‐definitive treatment. We also reviewed the Princess Alexandra Hospital Head and Neck clinical perineural invasion database, specifically looking at surgical margins and adjuvant radiotherapy of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) with incidental perineural invasion in the primary lesion.

Results

There was no recurrence at 5 years in the Perineural Invasion Registry. Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) lesions with nerves <0.1 mm were more commonly treated with surgery alone, compared to lesions with nerves ≥0.1 mm which were offered adjuvant radiotherapy. Of the total BCC lesions with incidental perineural invasion, those with perineural margins ≥5 mm and peripheral tumour margins ≥3 mm were predominantly treated with surgery alone. Eighty‐nine per cent of cSCC lesions with incidental perineural invasion were treated with surgery and adjuvant radiotherapy.

Conclusion

Surgery alone is suitable for BCC lesions with incidental perineural invasion. The majority of BCC lesions achieved ≥5 mm perineural and ≥3 mm peripheral tumour margins. Future research can guide if adjuvant radiation is required for BCC with perineural invasion. The treatment of cSCC with incidental perineural invasion with surgery alone remains undetermined.
Short‐term outcomes following intrauterine transfusions for fetal anaemia: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Urutherakumar Varshinee , Welsh Alec , Henry Amanda
Published: April 2020

Background

Intrauterine transfusion (IUT) is the accepted standard for management of severe fetal anaemia. However, fetal transfusion may be associated with procedural complications such as fetal demise. There is a paucity of recent data on outcomes for severe fetal anaemia in Australia as compared with published outcomes from large international centres.

Aims

To review the indications for and the procedural, obstetric and neonatal outcomes following intrauterine transfusion for fetal anaemia conducted at the New South Wales Fetal Therapy Centre (NSW FTC).

Materials and Methods

Retrospective cohort study conducted between 2005 and 2017 of the outcomes of 85 IUT procedures (39 pregnancies). Data collected included maternal demographics, procedural and obstetric details and short‐term neonatal outcomes.

Results

Complete outcome data were available for 36/39 pregnancies. Red cell antibodies were the main indication for fetal transfusion (79%, predominantly D, Kell and other Rhesus antibodies) with parvovirus accounting for 8% of procedures. IUT was associated with a pregnancy loss rate of 1.2%/procedure, amounting to 2.6%/pregnancy. Fetal losses were limited to those complicated by hydrops prior to IUT (3/10 hydrops vs 0/26 non‐hydropic; P = 0.003).

Conclusions

Procedural outcomes at NSW FTC compare favourably with international centres (1.1–8.7% procedural loss rate). However, this comparison is limited, as no procedures were performed during the last 24 months of the study. Given this, a nationwide audit is recommended to help guide appropriate centralisation of procedures and thereby maximise clinician experience and outcome.
Infertility in Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people: A cause for concern?
Authors: Gilbert Emily W. , Boyle Jacqueline A. , Campbell Sandra K. , Rumbold Alice R.
Published: April 2020

In many Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander communities, women and men are disproportionately affected by a range of risk factors for infertility including sexually transmitted infections, polycystic ovary syndrome and obesity. However, very little is known about the occurrence of infertility in this group or how Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people access fertility treatments. This opinion piece aims to reflect on current evidence concerning infertility risk factors and infertility per se among Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people, highlighting gaps in the literature about access and outcomes in this group.
Letter: pregnant women with IBD are more likely to be adherent to biologic therapies than other medications
Authors: Laube Robyn , Selinger Christian P.
Published: April 2020

LINKED CONTENT

This article is linked to Lee et al papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.15596 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.15599.
MC1R c.310G>‐ and c.871G > A determine the coat color of Kumamoto sub‐breed of Japanese Brown cattle
Authors: Matsumoto Hirokazu , Kojya Masatake , Takamuku Hiroko , Kimura Satoshi , Kashimura Atsushi , Imai Saki , Yamauchi Kenji , Ito Shuichi
Published: April 2020

Coat color is one of the important factors characterizing breeds for domestic animals. Melanocortin 1 receptor (MC1R) is a representative responsible gene for this phenotype. Two single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in bovine MC1R gene, c.296T > C and c.310G>‐, have been well characterized, but these SNPs are not enough to explain cattle coat color. As far as we know, MC1R genotypes of Kumamoto sub‐breed of Japanese Brown cattle have not been analyzed. In the current study, genotyping for c.296T > C and c.310G>‐ was performed to elucidate the role of MC1R in determining the coat color of this sub‐breed. As a result, most animals were e/e genotype, suggesting the coat color of this sub‐breed is derived from the e allele of MC1R gene. However, we found six animals with E/e genotype, which coat color would be black theoretically. Subsequently, sequence comparison was performed with these animals to identify other polymorphisms affecting coat color, elucidating that these animals possessed the A allele of c.871G > A commonly. c.871G > A was a non‐synonymous mutation in the seventh transmembrane domain, suggesting alteration of the function and/or the structure of MC1R protein. Our data indicated that the A allele of c.871G > A might be a loss‐of‐function mutation.
Concentration patterns of antibacterial factors and immunoglobulin A antibody in foremilk fractions of healthy cows
Authors: Kitano Nana , Isobe Naoki , Noda Jun , Takahashi Toshihiko
Published: April 2020

Antibacterial factors act as innate immune components, which respond as soon as bacteria enter a living organism. To prevent and treat mastitis in cattle, understanding the concentrations of these substances inside the udder is important; however, they remain to be studied. In this investigation, the concentration of lingual antimicrobial peptide (LAP), S100 protein (S100A7), lactoferrin (LF), and immunoglobulin antibody were measured in the different fractions of foremilk. Lactating Holstein cows were examined, and 10 foremilk fractions were obtained from sequential samples up to 150 ml. The LAP concentrations in milk samples increased until 25 ml. The LF concentrations increased up to the 10 ml fraction, then stabilized at low level after the 50 ml fraction. For S100A7, some fractions had significantly higher (p < .05) concentrations than the 5 or 10 ml fractions. The IgA antibody concentration increased up to the 5 ml fraction, then after 50 ml fraction showed relatively low concentrations. This investigation determined the concentration patterns of LAP, LF, S100A7, and IgA antibody secreted in milk inside the udders of healthy lactating cows as baseline data. These distinct concentration patterns might indicate various protective responses.
Long‐term risk of hip or forearm fractures in older occasional users of benzodiazepines
Authors: Carrier Hélène , Cortaredona Sébastien , Philipps Viviane , Jacqmin‐Gadda Hélène , Tournier Marie , Verdoux Hélène , Verger Pierre
Published: April 2020

Aims

This article sought to study the association between patterns of benzodiazepine (BZD) use and the risk of hip and forearm fractures in people aged 50 and 75 years or more.

Methods

In a representative cohort of the French National Health Insurance Fund of individuals aged 50 years or older (n = 106 437), we followed up BZD dispensing (reflecting their patterns of use) and the most frequent fall‐related fractures (hip and forearm) for 8 years. We used joint latent class models to simultaneously identify BZD dispensing trajectories and the risk of fractures in the entire cohort and in those 75 years or older). We used a survival model to estimate the adjusted hazard ratios (aHRs) between these trajectories and the risk of fractures.

Results

In the entire cohort, we identified 5 BZD trajectories: non‐users (76.7% of the cohort); occasional users (15.2%); decreasing users (2.6%); late increasing users (3.0%); and early increasing users (2.4%). Compared with non‐users, fracture risk was not increased in either occasional users (aHR = 0.99, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.99–1.00) or in decreasing users (aHR = 0.90, 95% CI 0.74–1.08). It was significantly higher in early increasing users (aHR = 1.86, 95% CI 1.62–2.14) and in late increasing users (aHR = 1.39, 95% CI 1.15–1.60). We observed similar trajectories and risk levels in the people older than 75 years.

Conclusion

Occasional BZD use, which is compatible with current recommendations, was not associated with an excess risk of the most frequent fall‐related fractures in people older than 50 or 75 years.
Molecular and immunohistochemical analysis of BRAF gene in primary cutaneous melanoma: Discovery of novel mutations
Authors: Fatnassi‐Mersni Ghaya , Arfaoui Amira Toumi , Cherni Marwa , Jones Mariem , Zeglaoui Faten , Ouzari Hadda Imen , Rammeh Soumaya
Published: April 2020

Background

Determination of BRAF status is mandatory for targeted therapy but it is not currently available in most developing countries.

Aim

We aimed to analyze BRAF mutations in a series of cutaneous melanoma of Tunisian patients and to compare BRAF V600E mutation detection by immunohistochemistry to DNA sequencing.

Patients and methods

Archival formalin fixed paraffin embedded tissues from 28 patients with primary cutaneous melanoma were evaluated for the BRAF mutations by Sanger sequencing and immunohistochemistry.

Results

BRAF mutations were detected in 19/28 (68%) of analyzed tumors. The sensitivity and specificity of immunohistochemistry compared to DNA sequencing for identification of the BRAF V600E mutation were 100%. We found five novel mutations, one of them had deleterious effect.

Conclusion

The present study shows an intermediate frequency of mutations of the BRAF gene in cutaneous melanoma of Tunisian patients, and supports the use of immunohistochemistry as a screening test for the assessment of the BRAF V600E status in the management of melanoma in clinical practice.
An unusual variant of lichen nitidus: Generalized follicular spinous with perifollicular granulomas
Authors: Taneja Neha , Mehta Nikhil , Arava Sudheer , Gupta Vishal
Published: April 2020

Several unusual variants of lichen nitidus are described in the literature. Spinous follicular lichen nitidus with perifollicular granulomas is one such variant characterized by generalized follicular as well as nonfollicular keratotic papules, which show perifollicular granulomas on histopathology as well as a lichenoid granulomatous tissue reaction typical of lichen nitidus. Owing to its atypical clinical and histopathologic manifestations, it raises several clinical possibilities and can be a diagnostic challenge. We report this rare variant of lichen nitidus in a 19‐year‐old female, and discuss its clinical and histopathological differential diagnosis.
The newly proposed International Endocervical Adenocarcinoma Criteria and Classification and its relevance to cervical cytology screening assessed in a prospective 2‐year study of 118 cases
Authors: Ondič Ondrej , Němcová Jana , Alaghehbandan Reza , Černá Kateřina , Gomolčáková Barbora , Kinkorová‐Luňáčková Iva , Chytra Jan , Šidlová Henrieta , Hósová Marta , Bouda Jiří
Published: April 2020

Background

It is generally acknowledged that interobserver variability for the histological diagnosis of endocervical adenocarcinoma (EA) subtypes is suboptimal. The recently proposed International Endocervical Adenocarcinoma Criteria and Classification (IECC) system is based on the presence of associated human papilloma virus (HPV) infection. It recognises HPV‐associated EAs and non‐HPV‐associated EAs.

Methods

This prospective cytology‐histology and molecular genetics‐based study investigated the potential effect of IECC being applied to Papanicolaou (Pap) test with regard to the diagnostic accuracy of severe glandular lesions reported at least as adenocarcinoma in situ (AIS).

Results

Out of 118 liquid‐based cytology Pap tests with AIS+ lesion, complete information on follow‐up biopsy and HPV status was available in 51 cases. AIS and EA category correlated with histologically confirmed AIS/EA in 88.5% (23/26) and 70.5% (12/17) of cases, respectively. Interestingly, 93% (40/43) of cases diagnosed as AIS/EA were HPV positive and 7% (3/43) were HPV negative (originating in the cervix, endometrium and adnexa).

Conclusions

Our findings suggest that this approach could possibly divide Pap tests containing severe glandular lesion into two groups: (a) robust diagnosis of HPV‐associated EA and (b) non‐HPV associated glandular lesions of heterogeneous origin, requiring further clinical preoperative diagnostic workup.