bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
IMPLEMENTACIÓN DE UN SISTEMA AMBIENTAL DE RIESGO DE LA CONCENTRACIÓN Y DISPERSIÓN DEL METANO EN EL VERTEDERO MUNICIPAL DE RESIDUOS SÓLIDOS DE PUCALLPA, UCAYALI, 2014.
Authors: Flores Saldaña León Esteban , Aliaga Romayna Carlos Eliot , Aliaga Romayna Eric Edilberto , Bollet Ramírez Frank
Published: January 2020

En este trabajo se presenta la aplicación de un sistema ambiental de riesgo del comportamiento del metano, este caso de estudio se realizó en el vertedero principal de la ciudad de Pucallpa ubicado en el km 22 de la carretera Federico Basadre, Coronel Portillo, Ucayali. El objetivo principal del trabajo de investigación fue obtener un prototipo funcional para un sistema ambiental de riesgo de la determinación de la concentración y dispersión del metano en el vertedero y acceder a los resultados de las mediciones de forma simultanea mediante el sitio web, mostrando indicadores climáticos (temperatura, humedad, precipitación, radiación y dirección y velocidad del viento); y dispersión del gas metano sobre un mapa satelital del vertedero influenciado por las condiciones climáticas, si el nivel del metano supera el valor límite se activa una alarma de riesgo. En la presente investigación de tipo cuantitativo cuasi experimental. El tipo de diseño fue de tipo “Series cronológicas de un solo grupo”. A un único grupo se le administran varias pruebas (observaciones “pre y post pruebas“). El número de mediciones está sujeto a las necesidades específicas de la investigación que estemos realizando (5 observaciones por hora, por 8 horas, durante 31 días). A la luz de los resultados podemos concluir: A) Los resultados muestran la factibilidad y la eficiencia del sistema de control propuesto, con monitoreo web. B) Se crearon mapas de emisión de metano en del vertedero en el periodo de 31 días de experimentación para posteriores estudios. C) Se logró la interacción entre el sistema ambiental de riesgo de medición del metano y el usuario mediante el uso de una página web de control, que facilita la obtención de resultados, y de actualización cada 10 minutos. PALABRAS CLAVE: sistemas, metano, arduino, ambiental, control.
INFLUENCIA DE LA GESTION MUNICIPAL EN LA SEGURIDAD CIUDADANA, PUCALLPA PERIODO 2014-2016
Authors: Huamán Fernández César Augusto
Published: January 2020

RESUMEN El objetivo de la investigación fue estudiar la influencia de la gestión municipal de Coronel Portillo en el campo de la seguridad ciudadana en la ciudad de Pucallpa en el periodo 2014- 2016. El tipo de investigación fue aplicada en su nivel descriptivo y explicativo. Se utilizó el diseño no experimental (Ex pos Facto) transversal o transeccional. La población del presente trabajo de investigación estuvo conformada por 300 habitantes del distrito de Gallería - Pucallpa, en el periodo 2014 — 2016. La selección de la muestra se utilizó la técnica del muestreo no probabilística por conveniencia por tanto estuvo conformado por los 60 ciudadanos del Distrito de Calleria — Pucallpa, en el periodo 2014-2016. Los resultados llegados en la investigación fueron: El 66,7 % de su población se siente inseguro, el 31,7 % seguro y el 1,6% no opina, siendo que los problemas que más preocupan a la población son la inseguridad, la educación, corrupción, pobreza y desempleo ,y que los mismos se han incrementado al (81,7%), sigue igual (8,3 %), disminuyeron (1,7 %), no sabe (8,3 %). La conclusión llegado en la investigación fueron: Los lugares donde la población se siente más segura son: su casa, la escuela y su centro de trabajo. Los lugares donde más se siente insegura son: la calle, el mototaxi, la carretera, el colectivo, el mercado y los parques. PALABRAS CLAVE: Gestión Municipal, Seguridad Ciudadana, Participación Ciudadana.
APLICACIÓN DE LA ROBÓTICA EDUCATIVA WEDO Y SU INCIDENCIA EN LA MEJORA DE LOS APRENDIZAJES DE MATEMÁTICA
Authors: León Calixto John Israel , Chávez Epiquén Abdías , Carmen Santos Ofelia
Published: January 2020

La presente investigación nace de la preocupación de utilizar nuevas estrategias pedagógicas para mejorar los aprendizajes de los estudiantes en el área de matemática del nivel primaria. El propósito de estudio fue demostrar en qué medida la aplicación de la robótica educativa WeDo ayuda a la mejora de los aprendizajes en el área de matemática del Programa de Recuperación Pedagógica en los niños de segundo grado de educación primaria de la Institución Educativa Nº 4008 Nuestra Señora de Fátima. La investigación fue de tipo aplicada, se empleó el método científico, de nivel explicativo. El diseño de la investigación fue pre experimental, con prueba Pre Test y Pos Test, con un solo grupo de trabajo, con el enfoque cuantitativo. Para la prueba de hipótesis se utilizó el estadístico de la T de Student para muestras emparejadas, mediante el programa SPSS versión 24. Se concluyó que, la aplicación de la robótica educativa WeDo, ayuda significativamente en la mejora de los aprendizajes del área de matemática en los niños de segundo grado de educación primaria de la Institución Educativa Nuestra Señora de Fátima, con 5% de margen de error, con P-valor = 0 menor al 0,05 de significancia. La media aritmética en la prueba de entrada fue de 8.64 y en la prueba de salida alcanzó 14.6, con una diferencia de 5.96 significativa al 0,05. PALABRAS CLAVE: Robótica educativa WeDo, aprendizaje, matemática
EXONERACIONES DEL IMPUESTO GENERAL A LAS VENTAS INTERNO DE LA LEY N° 27037 Y SU INCIDENCIA EN LOS CONSUMIDORES DE UCAYALI, 2017
Authors: Romero Amasifuen Rocio Justina
Published: January 2020

Las exoneraciones del Impuesto General a las Ventas interno de la Ley N° 27037 no ha sido abordado en las investigaciones con relación a su incidencia en la aplicación de los consumidores en el departamento de Ucayali. La Amazonia cuenta con privilegio tributarios con la finalidad de compensar las carencias básicas en el que se encontraba hace 19 años los contribuyentes y consumidores, la ley de Promoción de la inversión en la Amazonia la que origina la exoneración del IGV Interno al consumo de bienes y servicios en el departamento de Ucayali, sin embargo la norma también trajo contradicciones, haciendo que las empresas sucursales en la Amazonia y que por el nivel de sus ingresos fuera de la Amazonia deben de gravar con el IGV, lo cual complico toda vez que los consumidores pagan el IGV de ciertos bienes y servicios. El tipo de investigación fue descriptivo- correlacional. De una población de 1380 personas, 301 personas fueron seleccionadas para ser parte de una encuesta de 12 preguntas sobre la exoneración del IGV Interno de la Ley N° 27037 y su incidencia en la aplicación en los consumidores del departamento de Ucayali. Se creó una base de datos obtenidos de la encuesta, estos fueron procesados a nivel descriptivo, además usados para la prueba de Chi-cuadrado mediante Excel. Los resultados indican que la exoneración del IGV Interno si incide en la aplicación en los consumidores del departamento de Ucayali. La mayoría de los encuestados están de acuerdo que la exoneración del IGV Interno tiene incidencia en la aplicación en los consumidores del departamento de Ucayali (65.78%), mientras que un 6.98% de los encuestados no están de acuerdo con lo mencionado anteriormente y así como también el 4.65% no supieron responder al respecto. Aunque la exoneración del IGV Interno sean considerados importantes para los consumidores de bienes y servicios en el departamento de Ucayali. PALABRAS CLAVE: Impuesto General a las Ventas, Consumidores, Amazonia
EVALUACIÓN DE LA CALIDAD ACADÉMICA SEGÚN LOS ESTUDIANTES DE UNA UNIVERSIDAD PRIVADA DE HUANCAYO EN EL PERÚ
Authors: Bollet Ramírez Frank , Chenet Zuta Manuel Enrique , Vargas Espinoza Jorge Luis , Rojas Guere Oscar Raúl
Published: January 2020

La Universidad Privada de Huancayo FranklinRoosevelt necesita monitorear un conjunto devariables educativas como parte del proceso delicenciamiento institucional de la organización, deentre ellas, la calidad educativa es la más resaltante,debido a su importancia en cuanto al logro de la misióny visión de la universidad. La calidad académicafue dividida en cinco dimensiones: planificación delprograma de estudio, metodología de la enseñanza,gestión de docentes, certificación, investigación,desarrollo tecnológico e innovación. El objetivo dela investigación fue determinar el nivel de calidadeducativa según los estudiantes del último ciclo dela universidad a fin de recomendar mecanismos demejora. El estudio fue cuantitativo, tipo básico, niveldescriptivo, método descriptivo y diseño descriptivosimple. Se asumió un censo compuesto por 140estudiantes del décimo semestre de las cincoescuelas profesionales. Se determinó que la calidadacadémica de la Universidad Privada de HuancayoFranklin Roosevelt, en base a las percepciones delos estudiantes de décimo ciclo, alcanza un nivelbueno con un 71% de aprobación.
CLIMA INSTITUCIONAL Y DESEMPEÑO DOCENTE EN INSTITUCIONES EDUCATIVAS DEL NIVEL SECUNDARIO DE ZONA URBANA DEL CONCEJO EDUCATIVO MUNICIPAL DEL DISTRITO DE YARINACOCHA – PUCALLPA, 2010 -2011
Authors: Rojas Medina Ercy Orlando , Rojas Elescano Jaime Augusto , Macedo Marquez Madeleine , Yon Delgado Julia Cecilia
Published: January 2020

La presente investigación tuvo comoproblema principal saber cuál es el grado derelación existente entre el clima institucionaly el desempeño docente en las institucioneseducativas del nivel secundario de la zonaurbana del Consejo Educativo Municipal deYarinacocha-Pucallpa; el objetivo general fueestablecer el grado de relación existente entre elclima institucional y el desempeño docente en lasinstituciones educativas del nivel secundario de lasede de estudio. La investigación fue descriptivocorrelacional, la población estuvo integrada por300 docentes de las instituciones educativas delnivel secundario de zona urbana del ConsejoEducativo Municipal del distrito de Yarinacochay la muestra de estudio estuvo conformada por135 profesores. La técnica de investigación fuela encuesta y el instrumento, el cuestionario. Laprincipal conclusión fue que existe relación entreclima institucional y desempeño docente, siendopositiva.
Impact of the Gut Microbiome on Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Efficacy—A Systematic Review
Authors: Pierrard Julien , Seront E.
Published: January 2020

Background: Immune checkpoint inhibitors (icis) are increasingly being used in clinical practice, improving outcomes for cancer patients. Preclinical models showed significant interaction between the gut microbiome (gm) and response to icis. However, that interaction remains unclear in clinical practice. Methods: We performed a systematic review in medline to determine (1) whether antibiotics affect ici efficacy, (2) whether baseline gm composition and ici efficacy show any correlations, (3) whether baseline gm composition and emergence of immune-related adverse events (iraes) show any correlations, and (4) whether gm manipulation can alleviate the iraes. Included publications had to be written in English or French and had to describe a quantifiable link between gm composition or its modification and the response to icis or the occurrence of iraes, or both. Results: Of 1451 articles published before December 2018, 13 publications met the inclusion criteria. Five full-text articles and two abstracts highlighted a negative effect of antibiotics on ici efficacy. The composition of the gm was associated with ici efficacy in five full-text articles and one abstract, and with iraes in two full-text articles. In 2 cases, fecal microbiota transplantation was reported to reduce immune colitis. Conclusions: If possible, antibiotics should be avoided before ici treatment because of their negative effect on ici anticancer efficacy. No specific commensal bacterium was associated with ici efficacy, but an intact gm with high bacterial diversity and a good ratio of “responder-associated” bacteria to “non-responder-associated” bacteria seem to be correlated with better patient outcomes. Fecal microbiota transplantation is a promising technique for reducing ici-associated colitis.
The Somatic Curation and Interpretation Across Laboratories (SOCIAL) Project—Current State of Solid-Tumour Variant Interpretation for Molecular Pathology in Canada
Authors: Spence T. , Sukhai M. A. , Kamel-Reid S. , Stockley T. L.
Published: January 2020

Background: Practices in somatic variant interpretation and classification vary between Canadian clinical molecular diagnostic laboratories, and understanding of current practices and perspectives is limited. To define gaps and future directions, including consensus guideline development, the Somatic Curation and Interpretation Across Laboratories (SOCIAL) project examined the present state of somatic variant interpretation in Canadian molecular laboratories, including testing volumes and methods, data sources and evidence criteria, and application of published classification guidelines. Methods: Individuals who perform somatic variant interpretation in Canadian centres were invited to participate in an online survey. Invitees included laboratory directors (certified as Fellows of the Canadian College of Medical Geneticists or the American College of Medical Geneticists), MD or MD and PhD molecular pathologists, and other PhD experts, including PhD specialists in variant annotation or bioinformatics. Current testing methods, volumes, and platforms in next-generation sequencing, use of variant annotation resources and evidence criteria, and preference for variant classification schemes were evaluated. Results: Responses were received from 37 participants in 8 provinces. A somatic variant classification scheme jointly supported by the Association for Molecular Pathology (AMP), the American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO), and the College of American Pathologists (CAP) was used by 47% of respondents; an alternative guideline or a combination of published guidelines was used by 35% of respondents. The remaining 18% did not use a published scheme. Only 41% of respondents used a published scheme without alteration. Although all respondents indicated that there is a need for Canadian laboratories to adopt a somatic variant classification guideline, only 38% of respondents felt that it should be mandatory to adopt the AMP/ASCO/CAP–endorsed guideline. Conclusions: Data from the SOCIAL project identified high variability in current practice, yet strong support for standardization of solid-tumour somatic variant interpretation across Canadian institutions. Aligning classification methods will reduce variation in cross-institutional classification and reporting practices, aiding in consistent practice nationwide.
Patient–Physician Discordance in Goals of Care for Patients with Advanced Cancer
Authors: Douglas S. L. , Daly B. J. , Meropol N. J. , Lipson A. R.
Published: January 2020

Background: Shared decision-making at end of life (EOL) requires discussions about goals of care and prioritization of length of life compared with quality of life. The purpose of the present study was to describe patient and oncologist discordance with respect to goals of care and to explore possible predictors of discordance. Methods: Patients with metastatic cancer and their oncologists completed an interview at study enrolment and every 3 months thereafter until the death of the patient or the end of the study period (15 months). All interviewees used a 100-point visual analog scale to represent their current goals of care, with quality of life (scored as 0) and survival (scored as 100) serving as anchors. Discordance was defined as an absolute difference between patient and oncologist goals of care of 40 points or more. Results: The study enrolled 378 patients and 11 oncologists. At baseline, 24% discordance was observed, and for patients who survived, discordance was 24% at their last interview. For patients who died, discordance was 28% at the last interview before death, with discordance having been 70% at enrolment. Dissatisfaction with EOL care was reported by 23% of the caregivers for patients with discordance at baseline and by 8% of the caregivers for patients who had no discordance (p = 0.049; φ = 0.20). Conclusions: The data indicate the presence of significant ongoing oncologist–patient discordance with respect to goals of care. Early use of a simple visual analog scale to assess goals of care can inform the oncologist about the patient’s goals and lead to delivery of care that is aligned with patient goals.
The Physician’s Achilles Heel—Surviving an Adverse Event
Authors: Stukalin I. , Lethebe B. C. , Temple W.
Published: January 2020

Background: Of hospitalized patients in Canada, 7.5% experience an adverse event (AE). Physicians whose patients experience AES often become second victims of the incident. The present study is the first to evaluate how physicians in Canada cope with aes occurring in their patients. Methods: Survey participants included oncologists, surgeons, and trainees at the Foothills Medical Centre, Calgary, AB. The surveys were administered through REDCap (Research Electronic Data Capture, version 9.0: REDCap Consortium, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, U.S.A.). The Brief COPE (Coping Orientation to Problems Experienced) Inventory, the IES-R (Impact of Event Scale–Revised), the Causal Dimension Scale, and the Institutional Punitive Response scale were used to evaluate coping strategies, prevalence of post-traumatic stress, and institutional culture with respect to AES. Results: Of 51 responses used for the analysis, 30 (58.8%) came from surgeons and 21 (41.2%) came from medical specialists. On the IES-R, 54.9% of respondents scored 24 or higher, which has been correlated with clinically concerning post-traumatic stress. Individuals with a score of 24 or higher were more likely to report self-blame (p = 0.00026) and venting (p = 0.042). Physicians who perceive institutional support to be poor reported significant post-traumatic stress (p = 0.023). On multivariable logistic regression modelling, self-blame was associated with an IES-R score of 24 or higher (p = 0.0031). No significant differences in IES-R scores of 24 or higher were observed between surgeons and non-surgeons (p = 0.15). The implications of AES for physicians, patients, and the health care system are enormous. More than 50% of our respondents showed emotional pathology related to an AE. Higher levels of self-blame, venting, and perception of inadequate institutional support were factors predicting increased post-traumatic stress after a patient AE. Conclusions: Our study identifies a desperate need to establish effective institutional supports to help health care professionals recognize and deal with the emotional toll resulting from AES.
A Primer on the Genetics of Medullary Thyroid Cancer
Authors: Larouche V. , Akirov A. , Thomas C. M. , Krzyzanowska M. K. , Ezzat S.
Published: January 2020

Medullary thyroid cancer is a rare type of neuroendocrine tumour that arises from the parafollicular cells (C cells) of the thyroid gland. It accounts for 3%–5% of thyroid cancer cases. Close to 25% of cases are familial, and 75% are considered sporadic. Familial cases are associated with a germline RET mutation; 43%–65% of sporadic cases harbour a somatic event in the gene. Germline RET mutations are associated with the autosomal-dominant inherited multiple endocrine neoplasia (MEN) 2A and 2B syndromes and the isolated familial medullary thyroid cancer syndrome. More than 100 RET codon mutations have been reported to date, with genotype–phenotype correlations that include the extent and aggressiveness of the medullary thyroid cancer and the presence of other features of the MEN2 syndromes. The latter include pheochromocytoma–paraganglioma, hyperparathyroidism, cutaneous lichen amyloidosis, and Hirschsprung disease. In this narrative review, we focus on RET proto-oncogene physiology and pathogenesis induced by germline and somatic RET mutations, the genotype–phenotype correlation, and the management and follow-up of patients with germline-mutated medullary thyroid cancer.
Probing the Evolutionary History of Comets: An Investigation of the Hypervolatiles CO, CH4, and C2H6 in the Jupiter-family Comet 21P/Giacobini–Zinner
Authors: Roth Nathan X. , Gibb Erika L. , Bonev Boncho P. , DiSanti Michael A. , Russo Neil Dello , McKay Adam J. , Vervack Ronald J. , Kawakita Hideyo , Saki Mohammad , Biver Nicolas , Bockelée-Morvan Dominique , Feaga Lori M. , Fougere Nicolas , Cochran Anita L. , Combi Michael , Shou Yinsi
Published: January 2020

Understanding the cosmogonic record encoded in the parent volatiles stored in cometary nuclei requires investigating whether evolution (thermal or otherwise) has modified the composition of short-period comets during successive perihelion passages. As the most volatile molecules systematically observed in comets, the abundances of CO, CH4, and C2H6 in short-period comets may serve to elucidate the interplay between natal conditions and post-formative evolution in setting present-day composition, yet secure measurements of CO and CH4 in Jupiter-family comets (JFCs) are especially sparse. The highly favorable 2018 apparition of JFC 21P/Giacobini–Zinner enabled a sensitive search for these “hypervolatiles” in a prototypical carbon-chain depleted comet. We observed 21P/Giacobini–Zinner with the iSHELL spectrograph at the NASA Infrared Telescope Facility on four pre-perihelion dates, two dates near-perihelion, and one post-perihelion date. We obtained detections of CO, CH4, and C2H6 simultaneously with H2O on multiple dates. We present rotational temperatures, production rates, and mixing ratios. Combined with previous work, our results may indicate that the hypervolatile coma composition of 21P/Giacobini–Zinner was variable across apparitions as well as within a particular perihelion passage, yet the spread in these measurements is a relatively small fraction of the variation in each molecule from comet to comet. We discuss the implications of our measured hypervolatile content of 21P/Giacobini–Zinner for the evolution of JFCs, and place our results in the context of findings from the Rosetta mission and ground-based studies of comets.
Efficient Production of S8 in Interstellar Ices: The Effects of Cosmic-Ray-driven Radiation Chemistry and Nondiffusive Bulk Reactions
Authors: Shingledecker Christopher N. , Lamberts Thanja , Laas Jacob C. , Vasyunin Anton , Herbst Eric , Kästner Johannes , Caselli Paola
Published: January 2020

In this work, we reexamine sulfur chemistry occurring on and in the ice mantles of interstellar dust grains, and report the effects of two new modifications to standard astrochemical models: namely, (a) the incorporation of cosmic-ray-driven radiation chemistry and (b) the assumption of fast, nondiffusive reactions for key radicals in the bulk. Results from our models of dense molecular clouds show that these changes can have a profound influence on the abundances of sulfur-bearing species in ice mantles, including a reduction in the abundance of solid-phase H2S and HS, and a significant increase in the abundances of OCS, SO2, as well as pure allotropes of sulfur, especially S8. These pure-sulfur species—though nearly impossible to observe directly—have long been speculated to be potential sulfur reservoirs and our results represent possibly the most accurate estimates yet of their abundances in the dense interstellar medium. Moreover, the results of these updated models are found to be in good agreement with available observational data. Finally, we examine the implications of our findings with regard to the as-yet-unknown sulfur reservoir thought to exist in dense interstellar environments.
Unveiling Sizes of Compact AGN Hosts with ALMA
Authors: Chang Yu-Yen , Le Floc’h Emeric , Juneau Stéphanie , da Cunha Elisabete , Salvato Mara , Dekel Avishai , Civano Francesca , Marchesi Stefano , Suh Hyewon , Wang Wei-Hao
Published: January 2020

We present rest-frame far-infrared (FIR) and optical size measurements of active galactic nucleus (AGN) hosts and star-forming galaxies (SFGs) in the COSMOS field, enabled by high-resolution Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA)/1 mm (0.″1–0.″4) and Hubble Space Telescope (HST)/F814W imaging (∼0.″1). Our sample includes 27 galaxies at z < 2.5, classified as infrared-selected AGN (three sources), X-ray selected AGN (four sources), and non-AGN SFGs (20 sources), for which high-resolution Band 6/7 ALMA images are available at 1 mm from our own observing program as well as archival observations. The sizes and star formation rate surface densities measured from both ALMA/1 mm and HST/F814W images show that obscured AGN host galaxies are more compact than non-AGN SFGs at similar redshift and stellar mass. This result suggests that the obscured accretion phase may be related to galaxies experiencing a compaction of their gaseous component, which could be associated with enhanced central star formation before a subsequent quenching driving the formation of compact passive galaxies. Moreover, most of the detected and stacked rest-frame FIR sizes of AGNs in our sample are similar or more compact than their rest-frame optical sizes, which is consistent with recent results of ALMA-detected sources. This might be explained by the fact that the dusty starbursts take place in the compact regions, and suggests that the star formation mechanisms in the compact regions of AGN hosts are similar to those observed in SFGs observed with ALMA.
When Citizen Science highlights alien invasive species in France: the case of Indochina mantis, Hierodula patellifera (Insecta, Mantodea, Mantidae)
Authors: Moulin Nicolas
Published: January 2020

Originally from Asia,Hierodula patellifera(Serville, 1839) occurs several Mediterranean countries, such as Italy. These arrivals could come from many factors: new pets or commercial human transport.

The presence ofHierodula patellifera(Serville, 1839) is here reported for the first time in France. A well settled and probably widespread population of this species is here discussed as its adaptability to the Mediterranean climate. Some considerations on the potential impacts on the local ecosystems and its future spreading in Europe as an invasive species are given.
Blumea htamanthii (Asteraceae), a new species from Myanmar
Authors: Peng Yulan , Yang Chenxuan , Luo Yan
Published: January 2020

A new species, Blumea htamanthii Y.L. Peng, C.X. Yang & Y. Luo from Myanmar is described. The new species is distinguished from B. bifoliata by its leaves with short petioles, abaxially purple, leaf blade with papillary hair and sparse multicellular villous, capitula with 1–4 heads, glabrous florets and usually unbranched stems. A key to Blumea species in Myanmar is provided.
The Pediatrician’s Dilemma
Authors: Nelson Leonard B.
Published: January 2020

EXCERPT

Traditionally, gram-negative pathogens have been the major cause of bacterial conjunctivitis. However, more recently, gram-positive pathogens have assumed a more prominent role in causing bacterial conjunctivitis in children. Although most symptoms are self-limiting and bacterial conjunctivitis will eventually resolve itself, it is important to stop the spread of bacterial conjunctivitis to others by killing as many pathogens as quickly as possible. Therefore, the goal of treating bacterial conjunctivitis is to kill both gram-positive and gram-negative pathogens quickly to stop possible spread and resolve infection. The eyedrop should be as comfortable as possible, especially when treating children. Also, the antibiotic should have a realistic dosing schedule.
Composed, Altered and Transformed: The Other Self in Seventeenth-Century English Character-Books
Authors: Labarbe Claire
Published: January 2020

Seventeenth-century books of characters were collections of short satirical essays which metaphorically applied the image of the typeface, with its different characters or fonts, to the description of the various persons, trades and places of London. The repetitive format of character-books and the commonplace cavilling at recurring types seem hardly compatible with psychological exploration. Drawing on the formal proximities between the character and the essay, this article nonetheless traces the contribution of the genre to representations of the self in the early modern period. This article first gives an overview of prevailing characterizations of fickle and self-obsessed types who do not know themselves, and then presents a brief analysis of the moral and ideological stigmatization of change evidenced in contemporary literature. But not all change was conceived of as negative. By focusing on a character collection entitled A Strange Metamorphosis of Man, this essay argues that character-writing, while expressing the human figure in its social form, could also serve to project the self in what could be called its natural form.
De la biographie criminelle à l’autobiographie spirituelle : emprunts, réécriture et autoréécriture chez Defoe
Authors: Peraldo Emmanuelle
Published: January 2020

Roxana (1724) est le dernier « roman criminel » de Daniel Defoe – ou du moins est-il désigné comme tel aujourd’hui par un pan de la critique. La question du genre littéraire est problématique lorsque l’on s’intéresse aux récits criminels écrits par Defoe dans les années 1720 puisqu’il a écrit à la fois des histoires de criminels ayant vraiment existé comme John Sheppard, Moll King ou les femmes pirates Ann Bonny et Mary Read et des histoires fictionnelles largement inspirées par les nombreux types d’écrits criminels à cette époque. En observant les emprunts à ces multiples genres criminels, la réécriture et l’auto-réécriture, cet article proposera une lecture des biographies et autobiographies de John Sheppard et de Roxana afin de réfléchir à « l’écriture criminelle » de Defoe : une écriture qui témoigne du passage de la biographie criminelle à l’autobiographie criminelle ou spirituelle et qui aboutira au genre du novel.
Captain Kidd
Authors: Faucquez Anne-Claire
Published: January 2020

L’histoire de William Kidd met parfaitement en lumière le glissement possible entre les activités légales des corsaires et le monde criminel de la piraterie, ainsi que l’instrumentalisation par les gouvernements de ces « hommes de main » utilisés pour servir les desseins impérialistes des nations européennes. En retraçant le parcours de ce marchand devenu corsaire puis pirate, qui déchaîna la haine des autorités anglaises, avant d’être érigé au rang de héros de la culture populaire, cet article a pour objet d’expliquer comment la pratique de la piraterie puis sa criminalisation par la Couronne dans la dernière décennie du XVIIe siècle illustrent l’émergence des tensions entre la mère patrie et ses colonies, faisant de Kidd un martyr précoce de la cause des rebelles coloniaux.
Feet of Marble or Feet of Clay? John Howard and the origins of prison reform in Britain, 1773-1790
Authors: Davie Neil
Published: January 2020

The publication of John Howard’s The State of the Prisons in England and Wales (1777) has traditionally been considered to mark the starting point of a concerted prison reform movement in Britain. However, for many recent commentators, Howard’s was simply one voice among a choir of critics of the unreformed prisons; and someone, moreover, whose personal failings limited his impact. It is further suggested that other factors – notably the rising prison population, the suspension of transportation and the outbreak of disease – were ultimately more important in explaining the emergence of a campaign for prison reform. Based on a new analysis of Howard’s seminal work and its context, this article will argue that neither recent nor more traditional accounts capture the full significance and impact of the man’s actions and writings in this period, and that the book’s striking combination of exposé and plan of action, of criticism and exhortation, succeeded in transforming the debate on penal questions.
Cytokines and Chemokines in the Pathogenesis of Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis
Authors: Karpus William J.
Published: January 2020

Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis is a CD4+ T cell–mediated demyelinating disease of the CNS that serves as a model for multiple sclerosis. Cytokines and chemokines shape Th1 and Th17 effector responses as well as regulate migration of leukocytes to the CNS during disease. The CNS cellular infiltrate consists of Ag-specific and nonspecific CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, neutrophils, B cells, monocytes, macrophages, and dendritic cells. The mechanism of immune-mediated inflammation in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis has been extensively studied in an effort to develop therapeutic modalities for multiple sclerosis and, indeed, has provided insight in modern drug discovery. The present Brief Review highlights critical pathogenic aspects of cytokines and chemokines involved in generation of effector T cell responses and migration of inflammatory cells to the CNS. Select cytokines and chemokines are certainly important in the regulatory response, which involves T regulatory, B regulatory, and myeloid-derived suppressor cells. However, that discussion is beyond the scope of this brief review.
Seasonal Changes in Productive and Reproductive Performance in Holstein Dairy Cows Synchronized for Estrus with the Ovsynch Protocol Under Subtropical Conditions
Authors: M. M. Shabaan M. M. Shabaan
Published: January 2020

This study aimed to evaluate the effects of heat stress on productive and reproductive performances in Holstein dairy cows during summer compared to winter seasons. During each seasons, temperature–humidity index (THI), rectal temperature, and respiration rate were recorded for 105 days. Daily milk yield (Kg/day) was recorded for 5 consecutive months each season. Serum cholesterol, glucose, urea and progesterone (P4) concentrations were determined around the times of inseminations. Conception rate to first insemination (CR/AI), overall pregnancy rate, number of services per conception (NSPC) and number of days open (DO) were determined each season. Values of THI, rectal temperatures and respiration rate were greater in summer than winter. Daily milk yield was greater in winter months compared to summer. Serum glucose and urea concentrations were greater in summer than winter during the dry period and at the times of GnRH and PGF injections. However, cholesterol was greater in winter during GnRH and PGF injection times. Serum P4 concentrations were not affected by GnRH treatment in summer, whereas GnRH injection increased P4 concentration during winter season. More winter cows conceived to first AI and required less number of services per conception and had fewer days open compared to summer cows.
The Effect of Tree Plantations on Moderating Air Temperature in Arafat, Makkah for the Period 2002-2016
Authors: Atef M.F. Mohammed Atef M.F. Mohammed
Published: January 2020

Recently many studies have shown that average temperature has increased globally. However, temperature trends vary in different parts of the world due to local geographical, climatic, land usage and various socio-economic factors. This study focuses on temperature trend in Makkah and intends to investigate the effect of vegetations on temperature trend. Temperature trend is analyzed from two meteorological monitoring sties in Arafat and Waly Al-Ahd area for the period 2002-2016. The two sites have demonstrated opposite trends from each other for the above period. In Arafat area temperature has not increased and has rather decreased during the last 15 years (-0.05oC/year). The negative trend in Arafat was more evident since 2009 (-0.21oC/year). In contrast, Waly Al-Ahd area demonstrated positive significant trend (+0.14oC/year). In Arafat area mass tree plantation has taken place during the last couple of decades. Furthermore, Arafat has experienced no urbanization, as it is one of those Holy areas that are reserved for the purpose of Hajj. During the study period greenery in Arafat area has increased significantly since the plantation project was started in 1986. In contrast rapid urbanization, resulting in increase in energy use, road traffic, and change in land usage has led to temperature rise in most parts of the Makkah City including Waly Al-Ahd. This study shows how local factors, such as vegetation can affect local temperature trend. Arafat tree plantation project can be used as a good example to encourage more tree plantation in the Holy sites to cope with the increasing heat in the coming decades. Trees also provide shelter from the blazing sun, especially during Hajj season in Makkah, where temperature reaches as high as 50oC in summer months and probably will continue to rise in the future.
Response of Different Sugar Beet Cultivars to Nitrogen Fertilizer Rates under the Arid Land Conditions
Authors: Fathy S. El-Nakhlawy Fathy S. El-Nakhlawy
Published: January 2020

This study was conducted during 2016-2018 at the Agriculture Research Station of King Abdulaziz University at Hada Al-Sham, Saudi Arabia. The study aimed to evaluate three sugar beet cultivars (Farida, Dita and Heros) under three nitrogen fertilizer rates (100, 200 and 300 kg N/ha). As nitrogen fertilizer rate increased root yield, yield components, sucrose (%) and yield significantly increased in both seasons. Fresh root yield under 300 kg N/ha was the highest in both seasons. Farida cv. was the highest in root yield (60.62 t/ha and 97.00 t/ha) and sucrose yield (4.15 and 6.95 t/ha) in both seasons, respectively.
The Molecular Medicine Investigation Unit: Linking Patient Care and Scientific Inquiry in Physician-Scientist Training
Authors: Berger Amy , Matloubian Mehrdad , Shah Neil P. , Wachter Robert M. , DeRisi Joseph L. , Anderson Mark
Published: January 2020

Background

Medical innovation depends on translation, the process of applying clinical insights to solve biological problems, and vice versa, yet existing training programs provide few opportunities for physician-scientists to integrate their clinical and research training.

Objective

We developed and determined the feasibility and acceptability of a rotation on the Molecular Medicine Investigation Unit (MMIU), a novel program that engages trainees in the deliberate linkage of patient care and scientific inquiry to cultivate their interest and skills in translation.

Methods

Between July 2017 and January 2019, fourth-year medical students and internal medicine residents were offered a 4-week elective rotation on the MMIU. Supervised by 2 part-time faculty, trainees evaluated patients with unusual and perplexing presentations with the goal of generating hypotheses and a research plan to elucidate the underlying mechanisms of disease. We tracked the development of research hypotheses and resulting projects and surveyed participants about their satisfaction with the program.

Results

Over 18 months, 21 trainees (11 medical students and 10 residents) participated in the program and evaluated a total of 70 patients. Trainees generated a mechanistic hypothesis in 45 (64%) cases, and this resulted in a patient-centered research project in 38 (54%) cases. Trainees unanimously agreed that the program gave them an opportunity to integrate their clinical and research training, and many expressed that it reinforced their interests in translational research.

Conclusions

With modest funding support, it was feasible to deliver authentic experiences of translational inquiry for medical students and internal medical residents, and these experiences were valued by trainees.
Mirror
Authors: Synessios Natasha
Published: January 2020

At the centre of Tarkovsky’s oeuvre, Mirror is his most complex and autobiographical film. It stretches the viewer by moving without apparent effort between past, present and imagined realities, in a series of episodes which observe neither plot nor overt logic. The film reconstructs and records iconic memories and deep emotional impressions in the life of an individual, a nation and an era. Audience reaction to Mirror was overwhelming and it came to represent a watershed in many people’s lives. It also occasioned Tartovsky’s first open dialogue with his viewers, as letters poured in to convince him of the importance and need for his films. It remains to this day most Russians’ favourite Tarkovsky film.
Fashioning Indie
Authors: Lifter Rachel
Published: January 2020

In 2005, British supermodel Kate Moss went to Glastonbury with her then-boyfriend, indie rocker Pete Doherty. Their unwashed appearance captured widespread attention, propelling the British indie music scene and its signature look—slender bodies clad in skinny jeans—to the center of popular fashion.

Using this fashionable watershed as a launching point, Fashioning Indie narrates indie’s evolution: from a 1980s British music subculture into a 21st-century international fashion phenomenon. It explores the lucrative transformation of indie style, first into high concept menswear and later into “festival fashion”—a womenswear phenomenon that remade what indie looked like and provided a launching point to reimagine who the ideal subject of indie could be.

Fashioning Indie is essential reading for academic and popular audiences, offering an original account of what happens when a subculture is incorporated into the commercial fashion system. As the music and fashions of festivals face increasing scrutiny in debates about diversity and inclusion, and the transformations of indie style coincide with the global expansion of the second-hand retail sector, the book offers also essential insights into the broader culture of popular fashion in the 21st century and the values that inform it.
Spatiotemporal Changes of Heat Waves and Extreme Temperatures in Main Cities of China from 1955 to 2014
Authors: Li Kuo , Amatus Gyilbag
Published: January 2020

Abstract. In the past decades, severe heat waves have frequently occurred in many parts of the world. These conspicuous heat waves exerted terrible influences on human health, society, economy, agriculture, ecosystem and so on. Based on observed daily temperatures in China, an integrated index of heat waves and extreme temperature days was established involving the frequency, duration, intensity, and scale of these events across large cities in China. Heat waves and extreme temperature days showed increasing trend in most regions except Northwest China from 1955 to 2014. After late 1980s, the increasing trend was more obvious than the past decades. The cities in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtse river were threatened by the most serious hot events in the past 60 years, especially Chongqing and Changsha. Due to the subtropical monsoon climate and special terrain, Chongqing would occupy the top of hot cities in a long period. In particular, there was obvious fluctuation for hot years in 31 cities, which were not continuously rising with the global warming; 21 cities mainly located in the eastern and southern regions of China had obvious rising trend; 8 cities had clear declining trend which mainly distributed in the western and northern regions of China; and there were no extreme temperature days in Kunming and Lasa in the past 60 years. The study revealed an obvious differentiation of hot events for 31 cities under climate change; hot threat in most cities is aggravating but declining or remained unchanged in the other cities. The trend is likely to intensify with global warming.
Magmatic sulfides in high-potassium calc-alkaline to shoshonitic and alkaline rocks
Authors: Georgatou Ariadni A. , Chiaradia Massimo
Published: January 2020

Abstract. We investigate the occurrence and chemistry of magmatic
sulfides and their chalcophile metal cargo behaviour during the evolution of
compositionally different magmas from diverse geodynamic settings both in
mineralised and barren systems. The investigated areas are the following: (a) the Miocene
Konya magmatic province (hosting the Doğanbey Cu–Mo porphyry and Inlice
Au epithermal deposits, representing post-subduction) and (b) the Miocene Usak basin
(Elmadag, Itecektepe, and Beydagi volcanoes, the latter associated with the
Kişladağ Au porphyry in western Turkey, representing post-subduction). For comparison we
also investigate (c) the barren intraplate Plio-Quaternary Kula volcanic
field west of Usak. Finally, we discuss and compare all the above areas
with the already studied (d) Quaternary Ecuadorian volcanic arc (host to the
Miocene Llurimagua Cu–Mo and Cascabel Cu–Au porphyry deposits, representing subduction).
The volcanism of the newly studied areas ranges from basalts to
andesites–dacites and from high-K calc-alkaline to shoshonitic series.
Multiphase magmatic sulfides occur in different amounts in rocks of all
investigated areas, and, based on textural and compositional differences,
they can be classified into different types according to their
crystallisation at different stages of magma evolution (early versus late
saturation). Our results suggest that independently of the magma
composition, geodynamic setting, and association with an ore deposit, sulfide
saturation occurred in all investigated magmatic systems. Those systems
present similar initial metal contents of the magmas. However, not all
studied areas present all sulfide types, and the sulfide composition depends
on the nature of the host mineral. A decrease in the sulfide Ni∕Cu (a proxy
for the monosulfide solid solution (mss) to intermediate solid solution (iss) ratio) is
noted with magmatic evolution. At an early stage, Ni-richer, Cu-poorer
sulfides are hosted by early crystallising minerals, e.g. olivine–pyroxene,
whereas, at a later stage, Cu-rich sulfides are hosted by magnetite. The
most common sulfide type in the early saturation stage is composed of a
Cu-poor, Ni-rich (pyrrhotite mss) phase and one to two Cu-rich (cubanite,
chalcopyrite iss) phases, making up ∼84 and ∼16 area % of the sulfide, respectively. Sulfides resulting from the late
stage, consisting of Cu-rich phases (chalcopyrite, bornite, digenite iss),
are hosted exclusively by magnetite and are found only in evolved rocks
(andesites and dacites) of magmatic provinces associated with porphyry Cu
(Konya and Ecuador) and porphyry Au (Beydagi) deposits.
Alkali basalt from the Seifu Seamount in the Sea of Japan: post-spreading magmatism in a back-arc setting
Authors: Morishita Tomoaki , Hirano Naoto , Sumino Hirochika , Sato Hiroshi , Shibata Tomoyuki , Yoshikawa Masako , Arai Shoji , Nauchi Rie , Tamura Akihiro
Published: January 2020

Abstract. We present geochemical and 40Ar∕39Ar age data
for a peridotite xenolith-bearing basalt dredged from the Seifu Seamount (SSM
basalt) in the northeast Tsushima Basin, southwest Sea of Japan. An
40Ar∕39Ar plateau age of 8.33±0.15 Ma (2σ) was
obtained for the SSM basalt, indicating that it erupted shortly after the
termination of back-arc spreading in the Sea of Japan. The SSM basalt is a
high-K to shoshonitic alkali basalt that is characterized by light rare
earth element enrichment. The trace element features of the basalt are
similar to those of ocean island basalt, although the Yb content is much
higher, indicating formation by the low-degree partial melting of spinel
peridotite. The Nd, Sr, and Pb isotopic compositions of the SSM basalt
differ from those of back-arc basin basalts in the Sea of Japan. The Sr–Nd
isotopic composition of the SSM basalt suggests its source was depleted
mid-ocean ridge mantle containing an enriched mantle (EM1) component. The SSM basalt was
formed in a post-back-arc extension setting by the low-degree partial melting of
an upwelling asthenosphere that had previously been associated with the main
phase of back-arc magmatism.