bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Terbinafine and risperidone drug interaction contributing to clinical changes in a forensic psychiatric patient
Authors: Reynolds Jamie , Gramlich Nicole
Published: June 2023

Risperidone is a second generation “atypical” antipsychotic that exhibits its clinical effects through a combined effort of risperidone and its active metabolite, 9-hydroxyrisperidone (9-OHR), otherwise known as paliperidone. Risperidone is hepatically metabolized by the cytochrome P450 2D6 (CYP2D6) enzyme into 9-OHR. Significant interference with the metabolism of risperidone may lead to clinical consequences for patients via alterations in the ratio of the parent compound and active metabolite. This patient case reports 1 example of how a drug interaction could contribute to delayed response to a medication increase after psychiatric decompensation. A forensic psychiatric patient was transitioned from oral risperidone to risperidone microspheres long-acting injectable and had worsening of symptoms, necessitating an increased dose of the injection. This increase in symptoms may have been prolonged by addition of a CYP2D6 inhibitor, terbinafine. The changes in clinical symptoms correlate with medication concentrations that were drawn before terbinafine was started, during terbinafine therapy, and after terbinafine was discontinued.
Sarcopenia em pacientes de 40 a 64 anos hospitalizados por insuficiência cardíaca
Authors: Oliveira Lucian Batista de , Barreto Beatriz Pontes , Correia Alice Rodrigues Pimentel , Leão Vinícius Belfort , Moura Fábio , Bandeira Francisco
Published: June 2023

Introdução: a insuficiência cardíaca (IC) e a sarcopenia são condições prevalentes e inter-relacionadas, figurando como importantes causas de limitações funcionais. Objetivo: avaliar critérios de sarcopenia, e suas relações com parâmetros cardiometabólicos, em pacientes de 40 a 64 anos hospitalizados por IC. Metodologia: estudo de corte transversal com caráter analítico envolvendo indivíduos com IC confirmada. A massa muscular apendicular (MMA) foi avaliada através da absorciometria por raios-X de dupla energia (DXA), considerando-se baixa MMA mulheres com MMA/altura² <5,5 kg/m² ou MMA/índice de massa corporal (IMC) <0,512 e homens com MMA/altura² <7,0 kg/m² ou MMA/IMC <0,789. Baixa força de preensão manual (FPM) foi considerada quando <16 kg em mulheres e <27 kg em homens. Resultados: avaliou-se 109 pacientes (50,5% mulheres), com mediana de idade de 58 anos. Constatou-se baixa MMA em 41,3% e baixa FPM em 64,2%, não havendo correlação significativa entre FPM e MMA em nenhum dos gêneros. Baixa MMA se associou ao gênero masculino (68,9% versus 35,9%; p=0,001), a maiores idades (60,0 [53,0-63,0] versus 57,0 [51,3-60,0] anos; p=0,039) e maiores níveis séricos de paratormônio (48,0 [30,5-94,4] versus 29,9 [23,0-54,1] pg/mL; p=0,009). Baixa FPM se associou a maior sintomatologia cardíaca (75,7% com baixa FPM tinham classificação funcional da New York Heart Association III-IV, versus 51,3% daqueles com FPM normal; p=0,009). Conclusões: há uma relevante prevalência de sarcopenia em pacientes de 40 a 64 anos hospitalizados por IC, observando-se maior frequência de baixa MMA nos homens, associação entre baixa FPM e sintomatologia cardíaca, e maiores níveis de paratormônio naqueles com perda muscular.
A Study on the Thickness of Fire-Resistant Spray of U-shaped Composite Beams through Fire Resistance Test and Analysis
Authors: Kang Minjoung , Kim Sungbae , Kim Sangseup
Published: June 2023

Building fires can lead to loss of human lives and economic damage, as well as secondary damage due to collapsing buildings. Consequently, fire resistance performance of structural members has been garnering considerable interest in Korea. Fireproof structures are applied on the basis of the specification design. However, recent research results that focus on application of performance design have been published through a research project by the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, and Transport. Therefore, in this study, composite beam specimens coated with fire-resistant material were manufactured, and fire resistance tests were conducted for 3 h. Additionally, finite element analysis was performed under the same shape and conditions to verify the reliability of the fire resistance analysis, which was conducted by varying the thickness of the fire-resistant coating.
Effect of Taebaek Mountains on the Spatial Distribution of PM10 and PM2.5 in Gangwon Province
Authors: Lee Jaeheon , Kang Songlak
Published: June 2023

The purpose of this study was to empirically confirm that the Taebaek Mountains are one of the primary causes of the spatial difference in the concentration of particulate matter between the west (Yeongseo) and east (Yeongdong) sides of the mountain range in Gangwon Province in the Korean peninsula. We investigated the effects of the Taebaek Mountains by analyzing data on PM10 and PM2.5 concentrations, wind direction, and wind speed, collected over seven years from 2015 to 2021 in the Yeongseo and Yeongdong regions. Our results demonstrated that wind direction and speed could be considered significant features in the aerial transport of PM10 and PM2.5. When the concentrations were higher than normal, the reduction effect of the Taebaek mountain range on PM10 was clear, while the effect on PM2.5 was not as obvious. When wind blows from west to east across the Taebaek Mountains, the wind speed may increase on the Yeongdong; in these cases, the concentrations of PM10 and PM2.5 were much lower than at the Yeongseo. Moreover, with these westerly winds, when the wind speed at Yeongseo exceeded 2 m/s, the distribution range of high concentrations of PM10 and PM2.5 was narrower at Yeongseo and Yeongdong than when the wind speed was weaker.
A Study on the Retention Effectiveness Analysis of a Green Wall as a Low Impact Development (LID) Facility
Authors: Moon Jihyun , Park Jaerock , Kwon Soonchul , Kim Jaemoon
Published: June 2023

Urbanization and climate change produce distortions in urban water circulation. This issue can be resolved using a stormwater management technique called Low Impact Development (LID), which mimics natural processes and restores the hydrological state as it was before development. This study aims to evaluate the performance of a LID facility and calculate the runoff reduction and delay effect. The test-bed is a green wall of the Korea GI & LID Center. Scenarios for 30 mm/hr, 50 mm/hr, and 70 mm/hr were set based on the percentile of rainfall events from 2012 to 2021 in Geumjeong-gu, Busan. By setting an impervious surface as the control group, runoff reduction was found to be 91%~94% of 30 mm/hr, 50 mm/hr, and 70 mm/hr. The total outflow time increased by 47, 88, and 58 minutes, respectively, demonstrating the effect of reduced runoff and delayed time. A storm water management model (SWMM) was constructed to evaluate this effect quantitatively. Verification and correction were done using the experiment results. R2 was 0.96~0.98 for the test and 0.93~0.94 for the correction. This paper thus verified the retention effectiveness performance of a green wall and analyzed its quantitative effect through a SWMM. The study findings can be used as a guideline to test parameter-wise hydrological performance of the model.
Pragmatics and the Internet
Authors: Yus Francisco
Published: June 2023

Pragmatics analyzes the use of language in context and the gap existing between speakers' intended interpretations and the literal meaning coded in the utterances that they produce to accomplish their communicative goals. When applied to Internet communication, researchers have to consider a number of factors. These include the role of interfaces in the eventual (un)successful outcome of online interactions, the differences between online and offline contexts, varied ways in which interactions are accomplished in online environments compared to offline scenarios, the different modes in which discourses are transferred to other users (mainly textual, visual, and multimodal), and the role of nonpropositional information (feelings and emotions) stemming from these online interactions. This entry discusses these factors.
Form‐Focused Instruction
Authors: Spada Nina
Published: June 2023

Form‐focused instruction (FFI) is defined as an L2) teaching approach in which learners' attention is drawn to language forms within primarily meaning/content‐based instruction. FFI includes explicit and implicit instruction and corrective feedback and can be provided in both planned and spontaneous ways. Considerable research has examined
type
of FFI (i.e. explicit and implicit), and the overall findings indicate benefits for both types on different language features (e.g., simple/complex) with greater benefits for explicit FFI. Less research has investigated the
timing
of FFI (i.e. isolated and integrated). One of the central questions motivating this work is whether isolated or integrated FFI may contribute to different types of L2 ability, as measured by learners' performance on different tasks (e.g., error correction vs. communicative tasks). The findings, range from equal benefits for both integrated and isolated FFI to greater benefits for one over the other with limited support for the hypothesis that they contribute to different types of L2 ability. This research includes studies that have focused exclusively on the provision of immediate (i.e., integrated) and delayed (i.e., isolated) corrective feedback. Continued research—formal and informal—carried out by both researchers and teachers should offer more insights into optimal ways of drawing learners' attention to form within meaning‐based approaches to L2 instruction.
Multilingual Pragmatics
Authors: Antoniou Kyriakos
Published: June 2023

This entry reviews research on child multilingualism—the experience of regularly using more than one language from childhood—and pragmatic performance—the use and interpretation of language and nonverbal behaviors in context, so people can communicate and understand intended meanings. The entry shows that, over a broad range of pragmatic skills, multilingual children exhibit comparable to and often better performance than monolinguals. Specifically, they do not differ from monolinguals in implicature comprehension and discourse aspects that depend on pragmatics, such as narrative macrostructure, and they exhibit advantages in considering the interlocutor's communicative needs and perspective, identifying communicatively inappropriate utterances, repairing communication breakdowns, and using nonverbal pragmatic cues during communication. Moreover, multilingual children can differentiate their languages from around the age of 2 and employ the appropriate language and adjust their language use based on their interlocutor's language preference, knowledge, and choices. The entry closes by discussing four explanations about why some studies find a multilingual pragmatic advantage, while others do not.
Computer‐Mediated Communication and Pragmatics
Authors: Cunningham Darren Joseph
Published: June 2023

Because human interaction is central to computer‐mediated communication (CMC), it has long been of interest to applied linguists to understand how communication in digital spaces impacts the expression and understanding of meaning, especially in regard to politeness, appropriateness, and related social phenomena. In other words, a central question has been and continues to be how the pragmatics of languages are expressed, learned, and taught in contexts where communication is mediated through an electronic device. This entry therefore brings together two areas of inquiry—CMC and pragmatics—and discusses how CMC can offer a fruitful environment for researching and teaching pragmatics.
Experimental Pragmatics
Authors: Holtgraves Thomas
Published: June 2023

Experimental techniques (e.g., reaction time and EEG) are now frequently used to study a variety of pragmatic phenomena. In this entry, I provide an overview of how these techniques have been used to empirically examine how adults comprehend nonliteral meaning. The specific pragmatic phenomena reviewed include indirect requests, indirect replies, figures of speech (metaphors and idioms), scalar expressions, politeness, speech act recognition, and reference. The use of experimental techniques has and will continue to contribute to the refinement of pragmatic theories.
Testing Independent Relationships
Authors: Gries Stefan T.
Published: June 2023

This entry discusses the use of the chi‐squared test for distributions from two‐dimensional frequency tables.
Translanguaging in Pragmatics
Authors: Masaeed Khaled Al
Published: June 2023

Pragmatics is concerned with situated language behavior and how meaning is communicated and interpreted in social interaction. Translanguaging takes into consideration the speaker, the context, and the whole linguistic repertoire. It focuses on how multidialectal and ‐lingual practices reflect the speaker's agency to purposefully deploy all of her/his linguistic repertories to construct knowledge, communicate ideas, and project identities in social interaction. In doing so, it acknowledges the internal perspective of the speakers and underscores their agency to draw on their whole language repertoire to make meaning and express their identities. Consequently, adopting a translanguaging perspective in pragmatics is indispensable as it (a) rejects monolingual ideologies that see language hierarchies as the norm and (b) empowers pragmatics research methods to measure pragmatic development. This entry is meant to discuss the relationship between translanguaging and pragmatics through providing an overview of translanguaging and underscoring the need for adopting a translanguaging perspective in pragmatic research and assessment.
Researching Vocabulary: Mixed Methods Research
Authors: Dang Thi Ngoc Yen , Van Vu Duy , Nguyen Thi My Hang
Published: June 2023

Mixed methods research combines both quantitative and qualitative approaches to examine a phenomenon from different perspectives. Although mixed methods research enables researchers to achieve a broader and deeper understanding of the phenomenon, vocabulary studies employing this approach are limited in number. This entry provides an overview of the use of mixed methods research in three major lines of vocabulary studies: description, pedagogy, and assessment. It also calls for more attention to the mixed methods research in vocabulary studies and suggests some issues that need further consideration when this kind of methodological approach is employed for vocabulary research.
Singleton, David
Authors: Flynn Colin J.
Published: June 2023

This article is about the applied linguist Prof. David Singleton, Fellow Emeritus at Trinity College Dublin. Singleton has been a prominent figure in applied linguistics in Ireland and internationally. He is best known for his work on the age factor in Second Language Acquisition.
Solid Additive Delicately Controls Morphology Formation and Enables High‐Performance in Organic Solar Cells
Authors: Zhong Lian , Sun Zhe , Lee Seunglok , Jeong Seonghun , Jung Sungwoo , Cho Yongjoon , Park Jeewon , Park Jaeyeong , Yoon Seong‐Jun , Yang Changduk
Published: June 2023

Volatile solid additives are an effective strategy for optimizing morphology and improving the power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of organic solar cells (OSCs). Much research has been conducted to understand the role of solid additives in active layer morphology. However, it is crucial to delve deeper and understand how solid additives affect the entire morphology evolution process, from the solution state to the film state and the thermal annealing stage, which remains unclear. Herein, the use of a highly crystalline solid additive, phenoxathiin (Ph), in D18‐Cl:N3‐based OSCs and study its impact on morphology formation and photovoltaic performance is presented. Owing to its good miscibility with the acceptor N3, Ph additive can not only extend the time for the active layer to form from the solution state to the film state, but also provide sufficient time for acceptor aggregation. After thermal annealing, Ph solid additive volatilizes better aligned the N3 molecules and formed a favorable hybrid morphology. Consequently, the D18‐Cl:N3–based OSC exhibited an outstanding PCE of 18.47%, with an enhanced short‐circuit current of 27.50 mA cm−2 and a fill factor of 77.82%. This research is spurring the development of high‐performance OSCs using solid additives that allow fine control during morphology development.
Overcoming Water Diffusion Limitations in Hydrogels via Microtubular Graphene Networks for Soft Actuators
Authors: Hauck Margarethe , Saure Lena M. , Zeller‐Plumhoff Berit , Kaps Sören , Hammel Jörg , Mohr Caprice , Rieck Lena , Nia Ali Shaygan , Feng Xinliang , Pugno Nicola M. , Adelung Rainer , Schütt Fabian
Published: June 2023

Hydrogel‐based soft actuators can operate in sensitive environments, bridging the gap of rigid machines interacting with soft matter. However, while stimuli‐responsive hydrogels can undergo extreme reversible volume changes of up to ≈90%, water transport in hydrogel actuators is in general limited by their poroelastic behavior. For poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) the actuation performance is even further compromised by the formation of a dense skin layer. Here it is shown, that incorporating a bioinspired microtube graphene network into a PNIPAM matrix with a total porosity of only 5.4% dramatically enhances actuation dynamics by up to ≈400% and actuation stress by ≈4000% without sacrificing the mechanical stability, overcoming the water transport limitations. The graphene network provides both untethered light‐controlled and electrically powered actuation. It is anticipated that the concept provides a versatile platform for enhancing the functionality of soft matter by combining responsive and 2D materials, paving the way toward designing soft intelligent matter.
Preferential Contamination in Electroadhesive Touchscreens: Mechanisms, Multiphysics Model, and Solutions
Authors: Chatterjee Sitangshu , Ma Yuan , Sanghani Adit , Cherif Mondher , Colgate J. Edward , Hipwell M. Cynthia
Published: June 2023

Electroadhesive surface haptic touchscreens can help augment user experiences by providing tactile effects. The electrode layout in current commercialized designs has separated electrodes for the sensing and actuating functions. During regular use, it is observed that fingerprint residue preferentially deposits on the actuating electrodes far more than the sensing electrodes, which makes the underlying electrode pattern apparent and is highly undesirable for touchscreen users. To address this issue, various physical phenomena (electrohydrodynamic deformation, capillary bridge stabilization, electrowetting, and electrophoretic deposition) are investigated to understand the mechanism. Through experimentation, multiphysics modeling, and surface characterization, it is found that the root cause can be attributed to two mechanisms occurring in the actuating regions: 1) electrohydrodynamic deformation of sebum droplets attached to the finger valleys leading to the formation of additional capillary bridges and residual droplets on the screen surface after their rupture, and 2) electric field‐induced stabilization of sebum capillary bridges existing between the finger ridges and the screen, leading to the coalescence and formation of larger‐sized droplets. The developed model can then be used to address the issue during the screen design process. An example of using the model to explore the impact of changes in screen oleophobicity is shown.
Racial disparities in farm loan application processing: Are Black farmers disadvantaged?
Authors: Mishra Ashok K. , Short Gianna , Dodson Charles B.
Published: June 2023

Black farmers have historically been discriminated against in services from the federal government, including access to credit. Discrimination can take the form of delayed loan processing requests, which can affect timely planting, harvesting, feeding of livestock, and farm performance. This study uses nationwide, farm‐level data from 2009 to 2021 from the Farm Service Agency's direct farm loan program to investigate racial discrimination in the farm loan program. Findings reveal loan processing times average longer for Black borrowers on operating loans, though with a substantial state‐level variation. Specifically, it takes an average of more than two additional days for Black farmers' operating loan applications to be completed and another two additional days to be processed. However, there was no significant difference in time for farm ownership loans suggesting a more nuanced cause than outright racial discrimination. Other factors that increased loan processing time for borrowers included larger loan amounts, more complex loan types, a mix of collateral, and being a new borrower.
Gravitational Lensing by Traversable Wormholes Supported by Three‐Form Fields
Authors: Samart Daris , Autthisin Natthason , Channuie Phongpichit
Published: June 2023

In this paper, the deflection angle of light by traversable wormholes, which are supported by the three‐form fields, are studied. The specific forms of the redshift and shape functions that produce results compatible with the energy conditions at throat of the wormholes are used. Having used the well‐defined parameter sets of the three‐form wormholes, the photon geodesic motion is investigated under the effective potential of the wormhole background. As a result, it is discovered that the radius of the photon sphere can be used to analyze the geometrical structures of a physical wormhole. The analytical form of the effective potential is used to figure out a deflection angle of light caused by wormholes with the three‐from fields. In this work, the relativistic images generated from the wormholes are also constructed.
Clinical Issues — July 2023
Authors: Miner Mary Alice
Published: June 2023

THIS MONTH

Use of clean versus sterile pneumatic tourniquet cuffs

Key words: clean, sterile, pneumatic tourniquet, incision site, cuff placement.

Active shooter crisis preparedness

Key words: active shooter preparedness, emergency response, active shooter event, evacuate, barricade.

Heating, ventilation, and air‐conditioning parameters

Key words: laminar airflow (LAF); unidirectional ultraclean air‐delivery system; unidirectional downward airflow; turbulent; heating, ventilation, and air‐conditioning (HVAC) system.

Modifying directional air pressure settings

Key words: directional air pressure, negative‐pressure room, positive‐pressure room, bronchoscopy, parameters.
Tree‐like PA6/PVP/CS hemodialysis membrane to improve the contradiction between medium molecular toxins and proteins
Authors: Wang Qingfeng , Shao Zungui , Li Haonan , Kang Guoyi , Chen Huatan , Jiang Jiaxin , Wang Xiang , Li Wenwang , Liu Yifang , Zheng Gaofeng
Published: June 2023

The contradiction between sufficient removal of middle molecular toxins and the retention of beneficial proteins is a great challenge for hemodialysis. The tree‐like structure was introduced to prepare a tree‐like PA6/PVP/CS nanofibrous membrane, which has good performance in the effective removal of middle molecular toxins and retention of beneficial proteins. The removal rates of urea and lysozyme were 75.4% and 46.3%, respectively, and the retention rate of bovine serum albumin (BSA) was 90.3%, which were 9%, 13%, and 18% higher than that of the membrane without tree‐like structure. In addition, to explore the possibility of further optimization of the tree‐like hemodialysis membrane, AC was added to prepare a tree‐like PA6/PVP/CS@AC nanofibrous membrane, which the urea removal rate was increased to 83.9%. The introduction of a tree‐like structure provides an effective way to solve the problem of protein loss and has great application potential in hemodialysis.
Comparative morphology of the avian bony columella
Authors: Peacock John , Spellman Garth M. , Field Daniel J. , Mason Matthew J. , Mayr Gerald
Published: June 2023

In birds, the columella is the only bony element of the sound conducting apparatus, conveying vibrations of the cartilaginous extracolumella to the fluid of the inner ear. Although avian columellar morphology has attracted some attention over the past century, it nonetheless remains poorly described in the literature. The few existing studies mostly focus on morphological descriptions in relatively few taxa, with no taxonomically broad surveys yet published. Here we use observations of columellae from 401 extant bird species to provide a comprehensive survey of columellar morphology in a phylogenetic context. We describe the columellae of several taxa for the first time and identify derived morphologies characterizing higher‐level clades based on current phylogenies. In particular, we identify a derived columellar morphology diagnosing a major subclade of Accipitridae. Within Suliformes, we find that Fregatidae, Sulidae, and Phalacrocoracidae share a derived morphology that is absent in Anhingidae, suggesting a secondary reversal. Phylogenetically informed comparisons allow recognition of instances of homoplasy, including the distinctive bulbous columellae in suboscine passerines and taxa belonging to Eucavitaves, and bulging footplates that appear to have evolved at least twice independently in Strigiformes. We consider phylogenetic and functional factors influencing avian columellar morphology, finding that aquatic birds possess small footplates relative to columellar length, possibly related to hearing function in aquatic habitats. By contrast, the functional significance of the distinctive bulbous basal ends of the columellae of certain arboreal landbird taxa remains elusive.
New paradigms in actomyosin energy transduction: Critical evaluation of non‐traditional models for orthophosphate release
Authors: Månsson Alf , Ušaj Marko , Moretto Luisa , Matusovsky Oleg , Velayuthan Lok Priya , Friedman Ran , Rassier Dilson E.
Published: June 2023

Release of the ATP hydrolysis product ortophosphate (Pi) from the active site of myosin is central in chemo‐mechanical energy transduction and closely associated with the main force‐generating structural change, the power‐stroke. Despite intense investigations, the relative timing between Pi‐release and the power‐stroke remains poorly understood. This hampers in depth understanding of force production by myosin in health and disease and our understanding of myosin‐active drugs. Since the 1990s and up to today, models that incorporate the Pi‐release either distinctly before or after the power‐stroke, in unbranched kinetic schemes, have dominated the literature. However, in recent years, alternative models have emerged to explain apparently contradictory findings. Here, we first compare and critically analyze three influential alternative models proposed previously. These are either characterized by a branched kinetic scheme or by partial uncoupling of Pi‐release and the power‐stroke. Finally, we suggest critical tests of the models aiming for a unified picture.
Development and clinical feasibility study of a brief version of an addiction‐focused phenotyping battery in females receiving buprenorphine for opioid use disorder
Authors: Parlier‐Ahmad Anna Beth , Eglovitch Michelle , Legge Catherine , Keyser‐Marcus Lori A. , Bjork James M. , Adams Amanda , Ramey Tanya , Moeller Frederick Gerard , Martin Caitlin E.
Published: June 2023

Introduction

We aimed to streamline the NIDA Phenotyping Assessment Battery (PhAB), a package of self‐report scales and neurobehavioral tasks used in substance use disorder (SUD) clinical trials, for clinical administration ease. Tailoring the PhAB to shorten administration time for a treatment setting is critical to expanding its acceptability in SUD clinical trials. This study's primary objectives were to develop a brief version of PhAB (PhAB‐B) and assess its operational feasibility and acceptability in a female clinical treatment sample.

Methods

Assessments of the original PhAB were evaluated along several criteria to identify a subset for the PhAB‐B. Non‐pregnant females (N=55) between ages 18–65, stabilized on buprenorphine for opioid use disorder (OUD) at an outpatient addiction clinic, completed this abbreviated battery remotely or after a provider visit in clinic. Participant satisfaction questions were administered. REDCap recorded the time to complete PhAB‐B measures.

Results

The PhAB‐B included 11 measures that probed reward, cognition, negative emotionality, interoception, metacognition, and sleep. Participants who completed the PhAB‐B (N =55) were 36.1 ± 8.9 years of age, White (54.5%), Black (34.5%), and non‐Latinx (96.0%). Most participants completed the PhAB‐B remotely (n = 42, 76.4%). Some participants completed it in‐person (n = 13, 23.6%). PhAB‐B mean completion time was 23.0 ± 12.0 min. Participant experiences were positive, and 96% of whom reported that they would participate in the study again.

Conclusion

Our findings support the clinical feasibility and acceptability of the PhAB‐B among a female opioid use disorder outpatient addiction treatment sample. Future studies should assess the PhAB‐B psychometric properties among broader treatment samples.
Machine learning‐based classifying of risk‐takers and risk‐aversive individuals using resting‐state EEG data: A pilot feasibility study
Authors: Eyvazpour Reza , Navi Farhad Farkhondeh Tale , Shakeri Elmira , Nikzad Behzad , Heysieattalab Soomaayeh
Published: June 2023

Background

Decision‐making is vital in interpersonal interactions and a country's economic and political conditions. People, especially managers, have to make decisions in different risky situations. There has been a growing interest in identifying managers’ personality traits (i.e., risk‐taking or risk‐averse) in recent years. Although there are findings of signal decision‐making and brain activity, the implementation of an intelligent brain‐based technique to predict risk‐averse and risk‐taking managers is still in doubt.

Methods

This study proposes an electroencephalogram (EEG)‐based intelligent system to distinguish risk‐taking managers from risk‐averse ones by recording the EEG signals from 30 managers. In particular, wavelet transform, a time‐frequency domain analysis method, was used on resting‐state EEG data to extract statistical features. Then, a two‐step statistical wrapper algorithm was used to select the appropriate features. The support vector machine classifier, a supervised learning method, was used to classify two groups of managers using chosen features.

Results

Intersubject predictive performance could classify two groups of managers with 74.42% accuracy, 76.16% sensitivity, 72.32% specificity, and 75% F1‐measure, indicating that machine learning (ML) models can distinguish between risk‐taking and risk‐averse managers using the features extracted from the alpha frequency band in 10 s analysis window size.

Conclusions

The findings of this study demonstrate the potential of using intelligent (ML‐based) systems in distinguish between risk‐taking and risk‐averse managers using biological signals.
Deconvolution of bulk gene expression profiles reveals the association between immune cell polarization and the prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma patients
Authors: Chiu Yen‐Jung , Ni Chung‐En , Huang Yen‐Hua
Published: June 2023

Background

Many studies have utilized computational methods, including cell composition deconvolution (CCD), to correlate immune cell polarizations with the survival of cancer patients, including those with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, currently available cell deconvolution estimated (CDE) tools do not cover the wide range of immune cell changes that are known to influence tumor progression.

Results

A new CCD tool, HCCImm, was designed to estimate the abundance of tumor cells and 16 immune cell types in the bulk gene expression profiles of HCC samples. HCCImm was validated using real datasets derived from human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and HCC tissue samples, demonstrating that HCCImm outperforms other CCD tools. We used HCCImm to analyze the bulk RNA‐seq datasets of The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA)‐liver hepatocellular carcinoma (LIHC) samples. We found that the proportions of memory CD8+ T cells and Tregs were negatively associated with patient overall survival (OS). Furthermore, the proportion of naïve CD8+ T cells was positively associated with patient OS. In addition, the TCGA‐LIHC samples with a high tumor mutational burden had a significantly high abundance of nonmacrophage leukocytes.

Conclusions

HCCImm was equipped with a new set of reference gene expression profiles that allowed for a more robust analysis of HCC patient expression data. The source code is provided at https://github.com/holiday01/HCCImm.
Psychological states and needs among post‐allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation survivors
Authors: Yanling Sun , Pu Yan , Duorong Xu , Zhiyong Zhong , Ting Xu , Wenjun Xin , Xiangzhong Zhang , Jingwen Zhang
Published: June 2023

Objectives

To analyze psychological states and needs of patients after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo‐HSCT).

Methods

Questionnaires were sent to 101 allo‐HSCT survivors and 96 questionnaires were returned. The questionnaire covered several categories: (1) demographics and general information, (2) physical conditions, (3) psychologic status and sleep quality, (4) survivor's comments on transplantation, (5) demands and needs, (6) preferred forms and channels of information.

Results

Depression and poor sleep quality were major concerns troubling allo‐HSCT survivors. A notable discrepancy exists between clinically diagnosed depression (4.2%) and self‐ reported depression based on BDI‐13 (55.2%). Young adults (18–49 years old), chronic graft‐versus‐host disease, the ECOG performance score of 2–4, surviving within 5 years since HSCT, no or low dose of ATG used and being single were significantly associated with self‐reported depression. Based on the PSQI score, 75% of survivors experienced varying degrees of sleep quality impairment. Young adults, chronic GVHD and the ECOG score of 2–4 were significantly associated with worse sleep quality. The majority of patients reported unmet needs on physical and psychosocial aspects. Nutrition information was the most important topic, followed by disease treatments and fatigue. Differences in informational needs were found in the survivors according to age, time since HSCT and gender. WeChat public account and WeChat applet, mobile interactive platform and one‐to‐one conversation were the favorite channel for information.

Conclusions

Clinicians should establish more appropriate survivorship care plans focusing on survivors' psychologic states, demands and needs.
Clinical characteristics, tumor‐infiltrating lymphocytes, and prognosis in HER2‐low breast cancer: A comparison study with HER2‐zero and HER2‐positive disease
Authors: Lu Yujie , Tong Yiwei , Fei Xiaochun , Chen Xiaosong , Shen Kunwei
Published: June 2023

Introduction

HER2‐low breast cancer is a gradually recognized and unexplored group of diseases. We aimed to investigate the clinical and prognosis features and to identify the role of stromal tumor‐infiltrating lymphocytes (sTILs) in this population.

Methods

Consecutive primary breast cancer patients treated between January 2009 to June 2013 were retrospectively reviewed. HER2‐low was defined as immunohistochemistry (IHC) 1+, or 2+ and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) negative. sTILs were scored following the international guidelines. Clinicopathologic features and survival were compared according to HER2 and sTILs category.

Results

A total of 973 breast cancer patients were enrolled, including 615 (63.2%) HER2‐low patients. HER2‐low patients shared more similarity with HER2‐0 cases in clinicopathological features. sTILs in HER2‐Low patients was comparable to HER2‐0 patients (p = 0.064), both significantly lower than HER2‐positive ones (p < 0.001). Meanwhile, tumors with sTILs ≥50% accounted for the least proportion of HER2‐low cases (p < 0.001). HER2 status had no significant influence on recurrence‐free survival (RFS, p = 0.901) in the whole population. However, in the estrogen receptor (ER)‐negative subgroup, HER2‐low was related to worse RFS (p = 0.009) and OS (p = 0.001) compared with HER2‐positive ones. sTILs increment was an independent favorable prognostic factor in the whole (OS, p = 0.003; RFS, p = 0.005) and HER2‐low population (OS, p = 0.007; RFS, p = 0.009) after adjusted to clinicopathological parameters.

Conclusions

HER2‐low patients shared similar clinicopathological features with HER2‐0 rather than HER2‐positive cases and had relatively low sTILs. ER‐negative/HER2‐low patients had significantly inferior survival. sTILs increment was independently associated with favorable survival in the HER2‐low group, suggesting a potential benefit from a novel treatment strategy.
Beacons of democratic ideals: How critical community college leaders can promote civic discourse and engage for the public good
Authors: Al‐Sharif Mary Ann Bodine , Schiffecker Sarah Maria , García Hugo Alberto
Published: June 2023

This chapter explores the ways in which critical community college leaders leveraged their leadership position in order to promote civic discourse and engagement in their institutions and respective communities. Five community college presidents from diverse communities across the United States were interviewed using a narrative inquiry approach to excavate the factors that enhance and promote civic discourse and engagement. The findings reveal that indeed community college presidents held a unique position within both their communities and institutions. The navigation of the power, the politics among differing relationships, and the ability to remain humble within their roles were themes that emerged as central to what it means to be a community (college) leader with trust constituting the overarching requirement.
Case of calcinosis cutis associated with Sjogren's syndrome
Authors: Gonzalez‐Ramos Keysha , Ramsubeik Karishma , Kaeley Gurjit
Published: June 2023

Key Clinical Message

Calcinosis cutis is a chronic condition involving skin and soft tissue deposition of calcium and phosphate. It is associated with several conditions including idiopathic, iatrogenic, malignant metastasis, calciphylaxis, and connective tissue diseases. The most common connective tissue diseases it is associated with include systemic sclerosis and dermatomyositis. We present a case image of a patient with Sjogren's syndrome and calcinosis cutis and its progression over time. The patient was optimized on her current treatment regimen to prevent further progression. Written informed consent was obtained from the patient to publish this report in accordance with the journal's patient consent policy.
Shift‐invariant tri‐linearity—A new model for resolving untargeted gas chromatography coupled mass spectrometry data
Authors: Schneide Paul‐Albert , Bro Rasmus , Gallagher Neal B.
Published: June 2023

Multi‐way data analysis is popular in chemometrics for the decomposition of, for example, spectroscopic or chromatographic higher‐order tensor datasets. Parallel factor analysis (PARAFAC) and its extension, PARAFAC2, are extensively employed methods in chemometrics. Applications of PARAFAC2 for untargeted data analysis of hyphenated gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometric detection (GC‐MS) have proven to be very successful. This is attributable to the ability of PARAFAC2 to account for retention time shifts and shape changes in chromatographic elution profiles. Despite its usefulness, the most common implementations of PARAFAC2 are considered quite slow. Furthermore, it is difficult to apply constraints (e.g., non‐negativity) to the shifted mode in PARAFAC2 models. Both aspects are addressed by a new shift‐invariant tri‐linearity (SIT) algorithm proposed in this paper. It is shown on simulated and real GC‐MS data that the SIT algorithm is 20–60 times faster than the latest PARAFAC2‐alternating least squares (ALS) implementation and the PARAFAC2‐flexible coupling algorithm. Further, the SIT method allows the implementation of constraints in all modes. Trials on real‐world data indicate that the SIT algorithm compares well with alternatives. The new SIT method achieves better factor resolution than the benchmark in some cases and tends to need fewer latent variables to extract the same chemical information. Although SIT is not capable of modeling shape changes in elution profiles, trials on real‐world data indicate the great robustness of the method even in those cases.
A review of prospects and challenges of photocatalytic decomposition of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) under humid environment
Authors: Masresha Girma , Jabasingh S. Anuradha , Kebede Shimelis , Doo‐Arhin David , Assefa Mekdim
Published: June 2023

Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are harmful for humans and the surrounding ecosystem. Emissions from these pollutants have caused a significant reduction in air quality, which has an effect on people's health. Alkanes, alkenes, alcohols, aromatics, and other VOC pollutants have all been broken down by TiO2 photocatalytic processes. Due to several operating inefficiencies and deactivation issues in humid environments, the practical application of photocatalysis has not been realized on a broader scale. The effectiveness of photo‐oxidation of VOCs is impacted by a variety of environmental conditions. In the photocatalytic oxidation of the VOCs, relative humidity (RH) is critical. Therefore, it is important to review the recent findings on how humidity affects the photocatalytic breakdown of VOCs in air. To satisfy this need, this work provides a critical review of the related literature with focus on the fundamentals of photocatalysis, photocatalytic degradation of air pollutants, and the influence of humidity on the photocatalytic process degradation for selected air pollutants. It also highlights the kinetic models and typical photocatalytic reactor and supports for VOC removal.
Engineering Colloidal Metal‐Semiconductor Nanorods Hybrid Nanostructures for Photocatalysis†
Authors: Chen Jiayi , Hao Derek , Chen Wei , Liu Yazi , Yin Zongyou , Hsu Hsien‐Yi , Ni Bing‐Jie , Wang Aixiang , Lewis Simon W. , Jia Guohua
Published: June 2023

Comprehensive Summary

Emerging engineering strategies of colloidal metal‐semiconductor nanorod hybrid nanostructures spanning from type, size, dimension, and location of both metal nanoparticles and semiconductors, co‐catalyst, band gap structure, surface ligand to hole scavenger are elaborated symmetrically to rationalize the design of this type of intriguing materials for efficient photocatalytic applications.
Evaluation of industrial network robustness against targeted attacks
Authors: Alrumaih Thuraya N. I. , Alenazi Mohammed J. F.
Published: June 2023

Developing a long‐lasting, secure Industry 4.0 system presents a significant challenge for businesses and other interested parties. Industrial control systems (ICSs) are particularly vulnerable to cybercrime because of the operating systems' excessive availability and high robustness requirements. This research investigates five graph‐theory‐based measures to evaluate the robustness of industrial network topologies against three centrality‐based attacks and one random attack. Experiments are conducted to examine the three levels of the ICS network topology, from the field devices to the controllers and the enterprise devices. The results are twofold. On the one hand, the closeness‐based attack is the most harmful since it has the highest destructive potential and needs to attack only half of the total nodes in the network to reach the lowest robustness level. The betweenness‐based attack follows closely in terms of destruction, whereas the degree‐based attack is less destructive but rapidly degrades the robustness of the network. On the other hand, the flow robustness measure provides the best performance in the presence of any of the studied attacks, showing strong perception of robustness reduction when only one percent of the total nodes in the network are attacked. For this reason, the flow robustness measure is suitable to identify and locate the targeted attacks at their early stages, preventing them from becoming more catastrophic. Finally, the results suggest that the industrial network security system should combine at least two measures to ensure robustness against the most destructive attacks and their early‐stage detection. The research also confirmed the results by implementing attacks and measures on a real gas transmission network.
Oreocharis oriolus, a new species of Gesneriaceae in a sclerophyllous oak community from Yunnan, Southwest China
Authors: Hu Jun , Zhang Jun‐Yi , He Hai , Yu Ding‐Xiang , Jiang Hong , Liu Qing , Wen Fang
Published: June 2023

Oreocharis oriolus, a new species of Gesneriaceae in a sclerophyllous oak community from Yunnan, Southwest China, is described and illustrated. Morphologically, it resembles both O. forrestii and O. georgei, while it is distinct in combined characters of wrinkled leaves, peduncle and pedicel covered with whitish and egladular villous hairs, bract lanceolate and nearly glabrescent adaxially, and staminode absent. Molecular phylogenetic analysis based on nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (nrITS) and chloroplast DNA fragment (trnL‐F) of 61 congeneric species also supported O. oriolus as a new species while it was nested with O. delavayi. It was currently assessed as ‘Critically Endangered’ (CR) regarding to its small‐sized population and narrow distribution following the IUCN categories and criteria.
Zfp362 potentiates murine colonic inflammation by constraining Treg cell function rather than promoting Th17 cell differentiation
Authors: Herppich Susanne , Hoenicke Lisa , Kern Fabian , Kruse Friederike , Smout Justine , Greweling‐Pils Marina C. , Geffers Robert , Burton Oliver T. , Liston Adrian , Keller Andreas , Floess Stefan , Huehn Jochen
Published: June 2023

Mucosal barrier integrity and pathogen clearance is a complex process influenced by both Th17 and Treg cells. Previously, we had described the DNA methylation profile of Th17 cells and identified Zinc finger protein (Zfp)362 to be uniquely demethylated. Here, we generated Zfp362−/− mice to unravel the role of Zfp362 for Th17 cell biology. Zfp362−/− mice appeared clinically normal, showed no phenotypic alterations in the T‐cell compartment, and upon colonization with segmented filamentous bacteria, no effect of Zfp362 deficiency on Th17 cell differentiation was observed. By contrast, Zfp362 deletion resulted in increased frequencies of colonic Foxp3+ Treg cells and IL‐10+ and RORγt+ Treg cell subsets in mesenteric lymph nodes. Adoptive transfer of naïve CD4+ T cells from Zfp362−/− mice into Rag2−/− mice resulted in a significantly lower weight loss when compared with controls receiving cells from Zfp362+/+ littermates. However, this attenuated weight loss did not correlate with alterations of Th17 cells but instead was associated with an increase of effector Treg cells in mesenteric lymph nodes. Together, these results suggest that Zfp362 plays an important role in promoting colonic inflammation; however, this function is derived from constraining the effector function of Treg cells rather than directly promoting Th17 cell differentiation.