bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Frequency and Risk factors of Reoperation in LDLT Donors
Authors: Bashir Aamir
Published: October 2024

Background:
Liver transplantation (LT) is the definitive treatment for end-stage liver disease, acute liver failure, liver tumors, and metabolic diseases. Re-exploration after surgery is associated with poor clinical outcomes and is considered a quality-of-care measure.
Objective:
To determine the frequency and risk factors of reoperation (early re-laparotomy) after hepatectomy in postoperative LDLT donors.
Materials and Methods:
A cross-sectional analytical study was conducted at the Pir Abdul Qadir Shah Jeelani Institute of Medical Sciences between December 2023 and May 2024. This study included 672 LDLT donors aged > 18 years old. Data on donor age, sex, blood group, operation time, and re-exploration were collected. The primary endpoints were the frequency and causes of re-exploration, and the secondary endpoints included the association of re-exploration with clinical outcomes. Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS 25.0, with the significance level set at P < 0.05.
Blood group analysis revealed that 57.9% of reexplored donors had blood group B+.
Results:
The frequency of re-exploration was 2.8%. Among those requiring re-exploration, 42.1% were aged 21-28 years. The difference in re-exploration rates between male and female patients was statistically significant (P<0.001). Blood group analysis revealed that 57.9% of the reexplored donors had blood group B+. Bleeding was the primary cause of re-exploration in 73.7% of cases. The majority (57.9%) of re-explorations occurred in patients with operation times between 451-550 minutes.
However, the significant sex disparity and high incidence of bleeding as a cause for re-exploration underscores the need for improved postoperative care.
Conclusion:
This study highlights a relatively low frequency of re-exploration (2.8%) among LDLT donors. However, the significant sex disparity and high incidence of bleeding as a cause for re-exploration underscore the need for improved postoperative care.
Genetic diversity study and estimation of iron and zinc content in red sorghum genotypes (Sorghum bicolor [L.] Moench)
Authors: Koppeti Vinodhini , T. Kalaimagal , D. Kavithamani , A. Senthil
Published: October 2024

Abstract A study involving 72 red sorghum genotypes was carried out during Rabi, 2021-22 with the objective of identifying high yielding red sorghum accessions with superior Fe and Zn content. These 72 genotypes were grouped into 10 clusters. All the four checks used in the study were grouped in cluster VIII (CO 4, Paiyur 2, Usilampatti local and AURS 013). Based on single plant yield, CO 4 was identified as the best check. Genotypes IS 29630, IS 30536 and 38 CS were grouped under cluster IX, and were better than the best check with respect to yield. These genotypes could be used in further breeding programmes. PCA identified five principal components that had Eigen value greater than one and accounted for about 72.5% of the total variation. Based on the mean performance, the genotypes viz., IS 14775, IS 29630, 38 CS, IS 29322, IS 30536, 34 CS, IS 23390, SD 8348, IS 4966 and IS 21544, which had recorded high single plant yield were used for the estimation of iron (Fe) and zinc (Zn) content. High Fe and Zn were recorded in IS 21544 and IS 4966. Keywords: Red sorghum, clustering, PCA, mean performance, Fe and Zn.
Exploring the usefulness of drought tolerance indices in screening of maize inter-racial derivatives
Authors: R. Jaishreepriyanka , R. Ravikesavan , K. Iyanar , D. Uma , N. Senthil
Published: October 2024

Abstract Among all the abiotic factors affecting maize yield, drought stress is the most destructive one. Since drought tolerance is a complicated trait that is difficult to quantify, screening for stress involves measuring the effects of stress on several traits, most notably plant yield. Selection using the drought tolerance indices is an easy way to identify the stable and tolerant genotypes based on yield performances alone. The current study aims to identify suitable maize hybrids with high drought tolerance. A total of 30 maize-teosinte hybrids and 3 checks were raised under optimal and water-stressed environments and were screened using twelve different drought tolerance indices. It was observed that the inter-racial hybrids viz., G24, G27, and G29 were better than the drought tolerant Zea mays ssp. mays check C3 for yield and most of the indices. The indices STI, TOL, GMP, MP, YI, DI, SSPI, K1STI, and K2STI were observed to be significantly correlated with yield under stress and optimal environments. Based on the yield both environments, the genotypes were classified under four groups, with Group A consisting of genotypes with high yields under both environments. The indices Stress Tolerance Index (STI), Geometric Mean Productivity (GMP), Yield Index (YI), and Modified Stress Tolerance Index (K2STI)were identified for their ability to discriminate Group A from the other genotypes and these indices could be utilized to screen for drought tolerance with high yield.Component Analysis revealed two principal components contributing up to 98.15 percent of the cumulative variation. The PCA biplot identified the hybrids viz., G24, G27, G14, G19, and G25 as tolerant ones. Based on the index scores, the hybrids viz., G27, G29, G17, G20,and G24were identified as the top-ranking genotypes, with high and more stable yields under both stress and optimal environments. Keywords: Drought index, maize, 3D plot, inter-racial hybrids, teosinte
Identification of guar [Cyamopsis tetragonoloba (L.) Taub.] genotypes with wider adaptability to rainfed environments through stability analysis
Authors: Sharma Manish , P. J. Patel , P. R. Patel , M. P. Patel
Published: October 2024

The stability and yield of guar genotypes are important factors for the long-term development of this gum-producing industrial crop. A study was undertaken to assess the impact of the G × E interaction on yield stability in guar genotypes at seven distinct sites. Yield and its component traits such as the total number of pods per plant, pod length and seeds per pod were evaluated in the kharif season of 2020-21 and 2021-22 resulting in 14 environments. Stability tests for multivariate stability parameters were performed based on analyses of variance. For all the traits, the pooled analysis of variance revealed highly significant (p < 0.01) variations which provided sound evidence for the validity of the experiments. Genotypes KGG 6 and KGG 5 had desirable stability parameters for the number of pods per plant and pod length respectively. KGG 12 and KGG 3 were stable under all environments for number of seeds per pod. In the case of yield per hectare , the genotype KGG 6 recorded highest yield followed by KGG 4 and KGG 1. Among the tested genotypes, KGG 1 and KGG 2 were highly stable with average yield performance. AMMI biplots identified genotypes KGG 11 and KGG 12 as stable ones but these genotypes exhibited low-yield. The high-yielding stable genotypes identified in the present study could be recommended for commercial production in guar-growing areas of arid and semi-arid regions. Aside from these, the genotypes KGG 6 and KGG 4 were suited for exploiting better environmental conditions and genotype KGG 7 recorded more pod yield per plant and bi value less than one, explaining its suitability in poor environments. However, these genotypes could be incorporated into breeding strategy for yield enhancement in targeted environments. Keywords: Guar, Genotypes, Environments, G×E interaction, Stability.
Variability assessment and screening of superior rice (Oryza sativa L.) genotypes for grain micronutrients and yield components
Authors: Kumar Bishawajit , M. K. Singh , Kumari Namata , Kumari Shalu , . Banshidhar , Singh Digvijay
Published: October 2024

The present study was carried out to assess the genetic parameters and divergence in 38 rice genotypes for important yield and grain quality traits. Phenotypic coefficient of variation (PCV) exceeded genotypic coefficient of variation (GCV) for all the traits taken for the study, while high heritability was recorded for all the traits, except kernel length to breadth ratio and grain iron content. The trait number of grains per panicle exhibited high heritability (91.00%) and high genetic advance as a percentage of mean suggesting simple selection may be followed to improve the traits. Cluster analysis grouped the genotypes into seven clusters. The highest inter-cluster distance was observed between clusters VII and IV (537.17). Five genotypes excelled in grain yield, ten genotypes for grain zinc content and one genotype for grain iron content over the check variety Rajendra Bhagwati. Despite high variability in grain zinc and iron content, no genotype surpassed the check variety for all three crucial attributes i.e. grain yield, grain zinc and iron content. The experimental material's variability for grain nutrient status suggests their potential use in biofortification programs. Keywords: Rice, biofortification, micronutrients, variability, genetic diversity, heritability
Comparison of residual heterosis in F2 and F3 segregating generations of Indian Mustard [Brassica juncea (L.) Czern & Coss.] crosses
Authors: Sarkar Avralima , Roy Suvendu Kumar , S. Vishnupriya , Chakraborty Moumita , Hijam Lakshmi , Umamaheswar Naderla , Rout Sanghamitra , Bharti Shivani , Thapa Bandan , Das Saikat
Published: October 2024

Abstract The present investigation was undertaken to study the residual heterosis in F2 and F3 populations of Indian mustard [Brassica juncea (L.) Czern & Coss.]. The study material included eight parents and the 28 crosses of Indian mustard in two generations, namely F2 and F3. The experiment was conducted over two years at Uttar Banga Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Cooch Behar, West Bengal, during Rabi season 2020-21 and 2021-22. Out of the 28 crosses, three crosses namely, Npj-194 × DRMR-15-16, Npj-194 × RW- 85-59 (Sarma) and Npj-194 × SKJM-05 were found to show significantly positive residual standard heterosis over the standard variety (SKJM-05) for both the characters siliquae per plant and seed yield per plant. This provides us evidence that by improving siliquae per plant, the character seed yield per plant can be improved. The promising cross populations which have shown significant standard heterosis for seed yield in F2 and F3, can be utilized for the development of hybrid varieties, which would be very much beneficial to the marginal farmers of our country as they would be able to use the F2 and F3 seeds of the hybrid varieties without any compromise with seed yield. Keywords: Residual relative heterosis, Residual heterobeltiosis, Residual standard heterosis, Indian Mustard, Segregating generations
ВОДНЫЕ СОСУДИСТЫЕ РАСТЕНИЯ ДОЛИНЫ р. ОМОЛОН
Authors: Мочалова О. А. , Бобров А. А.
Published: October 2024

Aquatic vascular plants of the Omolon River valley are represented by 49 taxa (44 species and 5 hybrids) from 24 genera and 18 families. Lemna trisulca, L. turionifera, Potamogeton × nitens (P. gramineus × P. perfoliatus), Sparganium rothertii, S. × longifolium (S. gramineum × S. rothertii), S. × obscurum (S. natans × S. hyperboreum) are recorded for flora of Chukotka for the first time. New taxa of aquatic plants for the Magadan region and Yakutia were not found. Most of the aquatic plants (31 out of 49 taxa) are found throughout the Omolon valley. The number of boreal aquatic species in the Omolon flora is low.
«ХОЖДЕНИЕ ПО ЧЕТЫРЕМ МОРЯМ»: К ПЯТИЛЕТИЮ УНИКАЛЬНОЙ ТРАНСАРКТИЧЕСКОЙ ЭКСПЕДИЦИИ (ихтиологические и рыбохозяйственные исследования)
Authors: Орлов А. М.
Published: October 2024

The review focused on the main results of the ichthyological and fisheries research of the unique Transarctic expedition aboard the research vessel «Professor Levanidov» in September-October of 2019 in the Chukchi, East Siberian, Laptev, and Kara seas. New data on the composition of ichthyofauna, zoogeography, ecology, biology and genetics of the fishes inhabiting these seas were obtained, as well as the fishing potential of the surveyed areas of the Russian Arctic was estimated.
БИОРЕСУРСНАЯ КОЛЛЕКЦИЯ ИНСТИТУТА БИОЛОГИЧЕСКИХ ПРОБЛЕМ КРИОЛИТОЗОНЫ СО РАН КАК ФОРМА СОХРАНЕНИЯ БИОРАЗНООБРАЗИЯ МЛЕКОПИТАЮЩИХ СЕВЕРО-ВОСТОКА АЗИИ
Authors: Охлопков И. М. , Соловьëва Н. А. , Павлова Н. И. , Кычкина О. И. , Ун Кан Ми , Сазонова М. И. , Михайлова Н. А. , Мамаев Н. В. , Ефремова А. В. , Алексеев И. Т.
Published: October 2024

The paper presents the results of work on the formation of a bioresource collection of primary biomaterial and DNA samples of mammals of Northeast Asia on the basis of the molecular genetic laboratory of IBPC SB RAS. The bioresource collection includes original primary and DNA samples with linked databases of wild, introduced and synanthropic species. The total number of storage units is 1988.
Von der Tragik eines Lebens in der Diktatur‹
Authors: Hartmann Martina
Published: October 2024

Der junge Mediävist Ottokar Menzel (1912-1945) habilitierte sich 1943 an der Universität Kiel und hätte nach dem Krieg eine glänzende Karriere vor sich gehabt. Anfang Februar 1945 beging er jedoch mit seiner Ehefrau
Hildegund (1910-1945), einer promovierten Spezialistin für den spätmittelalterlichen Kardinal Nikolaus von Kues, erweiterten Suizid. Der Beitrag, der auf zahlreichen Quellen und Fotos aus Familiennachlässen beruht,
zeichnet das Leben des Ehepaares nach und versucht mögliche Gründe aufdecken, die Anfang 1945 zur tödlichen Katastrophe führten. Menzel, in Odessa als Sohn eines Münchner Orientalisten und einer wohlhabenden
Russlanddeutschen geboren, machte nach seiner Promotion in Berlin als Mitarbeiter des Reichsinstituts für ältere deutsche Geschichtskunde und bei der Leibniz-Ausgabe bei der Preußischen Akademie Karriere, bevor er
nach einem kurzen aber traumatischen Fronteinsatz im Herbst 1941 als Hilfsarbeiter in die kriegsgeschichtliche Abteilung im Oberkommando der Wehrmacht unter Oberst Scherff aufgenommen wurde. Seine Bibliothek
vermachte er testamentarisch dem Historischen Seminar in Kiel, dessen damaliger Ordinarius Karl Jordan (1907-1984) allerdings eine wenig rühmliche Rolle in der Nachkriegszeit spielte und versuchte, in Kiel die
Erinnerung an den jungen Gelehrten zu tilgen. Der Beitrag möchte zugleich die schwierigen Lebensbedingungen junger Wissenschaftler im sog. Dritten Reich beleuchten, insbesondere in der Reichshauptstadt Berlin.
Desafios da governança interfederativa para a Política Nacional de Desenvolvimento Urbano
Authors:   Instituto de Pesquisa Econômica Aplicada (Ipea)
Published: October 2024

Discute os desafios da governança interfederativa para a Política Nacional de Desenvolvimento Urbano (PNDU) no Brasil. Reconhecendo a governança interfederativa como uma questão estratégica, explora como diferentes níveis de governo podem se comprometer e colaborar nas propostas da PNDU em um contexto tradicionalmente marcado por políticas setoriais. O estudo identifica preocupações chave, incluindo a autonomia municipal e as capacidades institucionais necessárias para uma participação efetiva. Destaca a natureza problemática da governança interfederativa atual, caracterizada por poderes assimétricos e cooperação institucional limitada, e enfatiza a necessidade de uma abordagem mais sistemática e estratégica. O conceito de governança interfederativa, definido de forma restrita no Estatuto da Metrópole, precisa ser ampliado para abranger a diversidade das condições locais para uma implementação eficaz da PNDU. O artigo está dividido em três partes: conceitualização do federalismo e governança, alinhamento das demandas da PNDU com a Constituição brasileira e leis relevantes, e enfrentamento dos desafios institucionais com base nas contribuições dos participantes da elaboração da PNDU. Em última análise, visa sugerir caminhos para aprimorar a relação entre a governança interfederativa e a PNDU, reconhecendo a complexidade da questão e os esforços contínuos na formulação de políticas.
Pengaruh Fungsi Kepemimpinan, Budaya Kerja, Kompetensi dan Motivasi Terhadap Kinerja Pegawai Sekertariat Dprd
Authors: Indriani Pratami Eggi , Subarkah Cici
Published: October 2024

Tujuan  penelitian  ini untuk  mengetahui,  menganalisis  dan mengkaji pengaruh, baik secara simultan maupun parsial, dari Fungsi Kepemimpinan, Budaya Kerja, Kompetensi dan Motivasi terhadap Kinerja Pegawai Sekertariat DPRD di Kota Bandung. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan deskriptif dan verifikatif, metode penelitian yang digunakan descriptive survey dan explanatory survey. Dalam penelitian ini yang menjadi sampel adalah pegawai sekertariat DPRD di Kota Bandung sebanyak 50 orang pegawai. Metode analisis dalam penelitian ini menggunakan analisis Jalur (Path Analysis). Hasil penelitian menyimpulkan bahwa terdapat pengaruh yang signifikan dari Fungsi Kepemimpinan, Budaya Kerja, Kompetensi dan Motivasi terhadap Kinerja Pegawai Pada Sekertariat DPRD Kota Bandung
Pengaruh Pemahaman Tri-Nga Dan Motivasi Diri Terhadap Minat Berkarir Mahasiswa Akuntansi Di Bidang Perpajakan
Authors: Jaemah Siti , Utami Citra Kharisam , Nurfauziah Farah Latifah
Published: October 2024

This research is categorized as quantitative descriptive method research, where the research instruments are observation, interviews and questionnaires. The sampling technique in this study used the hair formula. The population in this study were accounting students in the city of Bandung. The sample taken was 115 respondents, with the analysis used in this study including the research instrument test, classical assumption test, multiple linear test, t test, f test and determination test.The results of this study are the tri-ga understanding variable (X1) has a positive and significant effect on the career interest of accounting students in the field of taxation (Y). Self-motivation variable (X2) has a positive and significant effect on the career interest of accounting students in the field of taxation (Y). And the tri-ga understanding variable (X1), self-motivation (X2) simultaneously affects the career interest of accounting students in the field of taxation (Y).
Sistem Pengendalian Internal Dana Pihak Ketiga pada Bank Mandiri Taspen KCP Karangnunggal
Authors: Awaliyah Halimatul , Romdoni Nijar Kurnia
Published: October 2024

At the beginning of 2022, Bank Mandiri Taspen management will not only focus on lending, but will also start encouraging each Branch Office to expand the volume of Third Party Funds as a contributor to profit growth. The purpose of this research is to determine the Internal Control System for Third Party Funds implemented by Bank Mandiri Taspen Karangnunggal Sub-Branch Office. The research method used is a qualitative method that describes facts and events that occur in the field. The data used by the author in analyzing the Internal Control System for Third Party Funds comes from primary data and secondary data. After analyzing and discussing the problem, the author came to the conclusion that the Internal Control System for Third Party Funds at Bank Mandiri Taspen Karangnunggal Sub-Branch Office has been implemented well.
Valuing ecosystem services of community gardens in developing countries: a case study of Dezful City in Iran
Authors: Baniasadi Mostafa , Eydipour Mohammad
Published: October 2024

Allotment (AGs) and community gardens (CGs) are types of urban gardens that provide diverse ecosystem services (ESs) such as climate regulation, beautiful landscapes, biodiversity and food security. Despite this, there are no AGs or CGs in many developing countries such as Iran. One of the main reasons for the lack of development of CGs in developing countries is the lack of proper understanding by policy-makers and citizens regarding the economic value of the ESs provided and the lack of disclosure of the benefits of its construction in urban areas. The purpose of this study is to analyse the preferences of citizens, to examine the existence of a potential market, to estimate the willingness to pay (WTP) for the creation and operation of CG services and to investigate the factors affecting residents’ WTP in Dezful, Iran. For this purpose, a choice experiment, based on the stated preferences valuation approach, was applied through interviews with 170 respondents living in Dezful urban area. The data were collected during the autumn of 2022 and analysed using conditional logit model. The results indicated that the responding citizens are willing to pay 4.57 USD per month to create CG and operate its ESs in Dezful. Amongst the attributes and ESs of the community garden, citizens valued cultural services the most, followed by provisioning services. In addition, the variables “age”, “being native”, “education”, “household expenditure level” and “awareness and recognition of CG ecosystem services” had a significant effect on WTP. According to the results, it is suggested to follow the policy of creating CGs with the participation of citizens instead of focusing only on the creation of urban green space with a government budget and heavy financial burden. CGs, while providing diverse ESs, can generate sustainable incomes for municipalities and accelerate the movement toward sustainable urban development.
Deciphering the genomic character of the multidrug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus from Dhaka, Bangladesh
Authors: Anjum Afia , Tabassum Jarin , Islam Sohidul , Hassan A. K. M. Imrul , Jabeen Ishrat , Shuvo Sabbir R.
Published: October 2024

Staphylococcus aureus is one of the leading agents of nosocomial and community-acquired infections. In this study, we explored the genomic characterization of eight methicillin-resistant clinical isolates of S. aureus from Dhaka, Bangladesh. Notably, all strains were resistant to penicillin, cephalosporins, and monobactams, with partial susceptibility to meropenem and complete susceptibility to amikacin, vancomycin, and tigecycline antibiotics. The strains were found to have an average genome size of 2.73 Mbp and an average of 32.64% GC content. Multi-locus sequence typing analysis characterized the most predominant sequence type as ST361, which belongs to the clonal complex CC361. All isolates harbored the mecA gene, often linked to SCCmec_type IV variants. Multidrug resistance was attributed to efflux pumps NorA, NorC, SdrM, and LmrS alongside genes encoding beta-lactamase BlaZ and factors like ErmC and MepA. Additionally, virulence factors including adsA, sdrC, cap8D, harA, esaA, essC, isdB, geh, and lip were commonly identified. Furthermore, genes associated with heme uptake and clumping were present, highlighting their roles in S. aureus colonization and pathogenesis. Nine secondary metabolite biosynthetic gene clusters were found, of which six were common in all the strains. Numerous toxin-antitoxin systems were predicted, with ParE and ParB-like nuclease domains found to be the most prevalent toxin and antitoxin, respectively. Pan-genome analysis revealed 2007 core genes and 229 unique genes in the studied strains. Finally, the phylogenomic analysis showed that most Bangladeshi strains were grouped into two unique clades. This study provides a genomic and comparative insight into the multidrug resistance and pathogenicity of S. aureus strains, which will play a crucial role in the future antibiotic stewardship of Bangladesh.
Predictive and Prescriptive Analytics for IoT
Authors: Sharma Ravi Mohan , Dwivedi Sunita , Kumar Vinod
Published: October 2024

In today's information era, the use of internet of things (IOT) technologies and associated devices has multiplied, and they are now present in every sector. IOT technologies use sensors to sense data from the environment of deployment. Sensors generate a great deal of data that has valuable insights. Therefore, this chapter explores the intersection of predictive and prescriptive analytics within the context of the IoT. The chapter delves into the theoretical foundations, technological advancements, and practical applications of predictive and prescriptive analytics in the IoT domain. By understanding how these analytics techniques work synergistically, organisations can harness the power of IoT data to make informed decisions, optimize operations, and create value.
Comparative study on productivity of Hybrid Napier CO3 and CO4 with the application of organic and inorganic fertilizers
Authors: Lakshan L. K. G. D. , Mahusoon M. M. , Vanajah L. , De Silva S. T. D.
Published: October 2024

The present study aimed to assess the growth parameters, herbage yield and chemical composition of CO3 and CO4 (Pennisetum perpureum X Pennisetum americarnum) at the Livestock farm Eastern University, Sri Lanka from July to September 2018. Four different treatments; inorganic fertilizer 100%, Organic fertilizer 100%, Control and Inorganic+Organic fertilizer 1:1 (weight basis). Plant height, leaf length, number of tillers per clump, leaf area, yield and total ash content were measured at two-week intervals from the 4th week up to the 8th week and data were subjected to Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). The means were separated using Duncan’s multiple range test at 0.05 significance level. Results indicated that the productivity of CO3 is superior to CO4 in terms of growth and yield under (T4) CO3 with 1:1 mixture of inorganic and organic fertilizer. The highest (p<0.05) fresh matter yield of 18.07 t/ha, with a dry matter yield of 3.83 t/ha was recorded in the sole application of inorganic fertilizer. A similar yield was obtained in CO3 with the 1:1 inorganic and organic fertilizer mixture. CO3 showed the highest total ash content (18.44%) on dry matter basis. Hence, farmers can save half of the cost of inorganic fertilizer by using farmyard manure along with half of the recommended dose of inorganic fertilizer for fodder cultivation
The Effect of Emotional Labour on Job Satisfaction and Organizational Commitment among Ayurveda Physicians in Sri Lanka
Authors: Dharmasena M. T. S. S. , Priyanath H. M. S.
Published: October 2024

Similar to other medical specialities, Ayurvedic physicians have a distinct set of duties and responsibilities, with patient interaction playing a big role. In interpersonal interactions with patients, Ayurvedic physicians need to control their emotions. Emotional labour (EL) is the term used to describe the extreme patience and emotional control required to provide effective patient care. Previous researchers have not given adequate attention to studying the effect of EL on-job satisfaction (JS) and organizational commitment (OC), of Ayurvedic physicians. This research attempts to explore the effect of EL on JS and thereby OC, particularly among Ayurveda physicians in Sri Lanka. Primary data was gathered using multistage sampling from 331 Ayurvedic physicians in Sri Lanka for a structured questionnaire. The Partial Least Squires Structural Equation Model (PLS-SEM) was utilized to analyse the data, with the support of SmartPLS software. The results revealed that EL has a positive influence on OC while EL positively affects JS. The results further confirmed that JS has a positive effect on OC. Finally, the findings demonstrated that JS plays a partially mediating function in the connection between EL and OC. These findings help the advancement of existing knowledge by providing empirical evidence in the context of Ayurvedic physicians in Sri Lanka. Healthcare administrators and policymakers should pay attention to improving emotional labour, job happiness, and organizational commitment of Ayurvedic physicians to enhance patient care efficiency.
Safety Enhancement thanks to Real Time Performance Indication
Authors:   Airbus Helicopters, Serge Germanetti
Published: October 2024

In the frame of avionics development, more and more effort is engaged by Airbus Helicopter to improve Fleet Safety. Part of the risks to be covered is the lack of pilot's awareness regarding the helicopter real time performance (Performance Situational Awareness). Flight manual performance charts, are used routinely during the mission preparation, require a high pilot workload to process in real-time, and therefore are often substituted with simple approximations. Recently, Personal Devices such as tablets have emerged allowing better access to these performances Despite the tablet providing an easier access to the performance charts, when the pilot is airborne he still doesn't have any real time calculation tools
The performance display, consistent with the engaged manoeuver, appears as a key benefit for reducing workload and increasing performance situational awareness of the pilot. The pilot will know automatically the short term power available to perform the manoeuver. In particular, the knowledge of the aircraft actual weight and the engine health factor are important information to decrease pilot's workload during landing phases, which are the most critical. The displayed information allows the pilot to identify instantaneously the power required for the manoeuver he is engaging, in particular, during landing. This real time calculation tool is complementary to the First Limit Indication (FLI) which provides the engine margins compared to the present power used. The real time performance indication is then acting as a predictive FLI.
Flight test phase took place on November 2014, in Donauworth Germany, thanks to a partnership between Howell Instrument Inc. and Airbus Helicopters. These tests, supported by the general Real Time Performance Innovation Program of Airbus Helicopters, allowed checking benefits of these additional information displayed on a flight test instrumentation provided by Howell Instrument Inc.
Process Improvement for Rotorcraft Tradespace Exploration incorporating Reliability and Availability
Authors:   University of Massachusetts, Bhattacharya Saikath ,   US Army Research Laboratory (ARL), Spero Eric , Nagaraju Vidhyashree , Fiondella Lance , Ghoshal Anindya
Published: October 2024

Tradespace exploration (TSE) is a Department of Defense (DOD) Engineered Resilient Systems (ERS) (Ref.1) thrust, with overarching goals to develop processes and products capable of performing in a wide range of adverse conditions commonly encountered by military systems. Combined with technology, TSE is modernizing system engineering, facilitating stakeholder value elicitation as well as distributed collaborative environments for design and analysis of alternatives. The majority of existing TSE research emphasizes tradeoffs between functional requirements, especially those pertaining to performance. Our previous work proposed models (Refs. 2, 3) for rotorcraft TSE to quantify the impact of reliability investment at the subsystem level on nonfunctional requirements such as mean time between essential function failures (MTBEFF), fleet size, availability, and program affordability. The present work extends these models to explicitly consider improvement of the reliability engineering process itself. This approach removes the assumption that the parameters of the reliability improvement equations for the subsystems are constant. Instead, our generalized formulation allows a portion of a budget to be allocated to improve these parameters, which represent factors such as the effectiveness of attempts to fix defects. The remaining budget can then be divided among reliability improvement and fleet acquisition. We illustrate the approach through a series of examples in the context of rotorcraft. Our results indicate that this more general optimization framework could lead to additional savings that further promote affordability and other critical nonfunctional requirements related to reliability, availability, and maintainability (RAM).
Quantitative Methods Improve Rotorcraft Safety Risk Management
Authors:   Sikorsky Aircraft, Hewitt John , Pham Joan
Published: October 2024

Quantitative Risk Assessment (QRA) is the process of assessing hazards using statistical techniques such as life data analysis to quantify the risk associated with those hazards, and to evaluate the effectiveness of mitigating actions. QRA can accurately and objectively predict the risk of future events, whereas qualitative risk matrices used in the past provide a subjective categorization of events. QRA is becoming more widely recognized as an effective element of the safety risk management process, however, it is a more complex process which can lead to misunderstanding and skepticism. Greater understanding and increased application of QRA can enhance rotorcraft safety, and the history and examples of the process demonstrate its credibility, usefulness, and effectiveness. Recent policy initiatives encourage a more data-driven approach, such as QRA, to safety risk management. QRA establishes the uncorrected and corrected risk levels, and the risk level needs to be maintained below certain guidelines in order to maintain an acceptable level of safety. New, uniform hazard definitions and risk level guidelines specific to rotorcraft were established by a joint rotorcraft industry and FAA initiative in 2014.
Manoeuvre Recognition Using A Low-Cost Standalone MEMS-IMU System
Authors:   National Research Council Canada, Cheung Catherine , Puthuparampil Jobin , Valdés Julio , Pant Shashank
Published: October 2024

This paper describes the use of a low-cost standalone MEMS-IMU (micro-electromechanical system - inertial measurement unit) sensor system developed by the National Research Council Canada (NRC) for manoeuvre recognition in helicopters. The system records accelerations, angular rotation rates, magnetic flux, altitude, location and velocity through its IMU and GPS. The MEMS-IMU system was flown on the Bell 206 helicopter operated by the NRC Flight Research Laboratory in two unscripted flight tests. Comparison of the system's measurements with those of the helicopter's inertial navigation system (INS) shows very good agreement, demonstrating that the system functions well in the intended environment and its measurements provide accurate and meaningful data. Data visualization of the flight test data mapped into a 3D virtual reality representation is presented to provide insight into the structure of the flight data. Manoeuvre recognition based on the sensor system's measurements was attempted using a data-driven classifier model. Even with different subsets of the MEMS-IMU measurements, the classifier results show that the parameters recorded by the system are sufficient for accurate manoeuvre classification.
Flight Test Preparation of Health Management Technologies
Authors:   Sikorsky Aircraft Corporation, Brookhart Andrew ,   US Army ADD -AATD, Lyman Chris , Davis Mark , Bates Preston , Cycon Jim , Baker Treven , Bordick Nathaniel , Pantelis Paul , Thompson Bruce
Published: October 2024

The U.S. Army traditionally has used a time-based, on-condition maintenance paradigm that relies on at-aircraft inspections and periodic in-depth phase inspections to determine condition and ensure airworthiness. The result is a significant maintenance burden, both scheduled and unscheduled, and excessive aircraft downtime. The objective of the Aviation Development Directorate (ADD) and Sikorsky Aircraft Corporation (SAC) Capability-Based Operations and Sustainment Technology-Aviation (COST-A) program was to develop and demonstrate an integrated set of high value diagnostics, prognostics, and system health management technologies that reduce scheduled inspections and preventive maintenance while enhancing safety. More than two dozen Prognostics and Health Management (PHM) technologies across six primary rotorcraft systems (propulsion, drive train, airframe/structural, rotor, electrical, and vehicle management) were matured to technology readiness level (TRL) 6. These technologies were integrated into a prototype laboratory on-board system built around the Integrated Vehicle Health Management Unit (IVHMU) currently installed in all UH-60 Black Hawk aircraft and successfully demonstrated to perform concurrently in representative simulated flight scenarios, using playback data from healthy and faulty components. A subset of these technologies, jointly selected by ADD and SAC, has been prepared for an upcoming flight test on a UH-60M aircraft to further reduce the risk of transitioning these technologies. This paper summarizes the flight-test preparation efforts, including the implementation of associated algorithms within a representative integrated on-aircraft and ground-based system software environment. Upon deployment to the UH-60 aircraft fleet, these PHM technologies can enable the Army to transition to a condition-based maintenance (CBM) paradigm.
Improved Load Estimation And Fatigue Life Tracking Demonstrated On Multiple Platforms Using The Signal Approximation Method
Authors:   National Research Council Canada, Cheung Catherine ,   Algonquin College, Rocha Bruno , Valdés Julio , Puthuparampil Jobin
Published: October 2024

This paper presents the results from several load estimation methods developed at the National Research Council Canada (NRC) which enable the estimation of helicopter loads and tracking load exceedances and fatigue damage for a targeted component using computational intelligence techniques. The approach relies only on flight state and control system (FSCS) parameters, such as those recorded by a flight data recorder (FDR), and can also be applied to legacy aircraft or to those aircraft not equipped with HUMS. The methodologies adapt to the input data available so are not constrained to one particular system or platform, and enable the estimation of loads through the duration of a manoeuvre instead of assuming a constant load for an entire manoeuvre. So far, the three methods have been tested on data obtained from two different helicopter platforms, the S-70A-9 Australian Black Hawk and the CH-146 Griffon (Bell 412). Significant improvements are made over previous results presented for the S-70A-9 Black Hawk using the NRC developed Signal Approximation Method (SAM) while using uniquely FSCS parameters obtained from a FDR to obtain full manouevre dynamic load signals in time. Furthermore, the application of the technology to a different platform and different original equipment manufacturer (OEM), namely the CH-146 Griffon, demonstrates the possibility of applying this methodology and its adaptability across different platforms.
Integrated Hybrid Structural Management System (IHSMS)
Authors:   Sikorsky Aircraft Corporation, Cook Thomas ,   NAVAIR SYS COM, Rusk David , Davis Mark , Cycon Jim , Kittur Madan
Published: October 2024

The US Navy has long relied on time-based maintenance to sustain the airworthiness of military aircraft. Historically, these practices have contributed to significant maintenance burden. The Integrated Hybrid Structural Management System (IHSMS) program is developing structural health management (SHM) capabilities for the CH-53K rotorcraft to move beyond conventional flight-hour based maintenance towards a reliability-based maintenance framework. IHSMS incorporates a number of wired and wireless sensor technologies and analytical methods into a modular SHM system that integrates directly with the aircraft's existing Integrated Vehicle Health Management System (IVHMS). IHSMS is being developed for transition to the CH-53K heavy lift helicopter while being designed for adaptability to other Navy and Marine Corps applications. This paper provides an overview of the IHSMS program, the design development approach, and execution strategy adopted by Sikorsky and US Navy to develop and mature an integrated rotor and airframe SHM system to a Technology Readiness Level (TRL) 6.
Visual Exploration of Complex Avionics' Time Series
Authors:   PeopleTec, Noever David , Dunaway Dennis
Published: October 2024

A successful program of aircraft health maintenance should elevate complex bus parameters to be as visually persuasive as the condition indicators (green, yellow, red) and as statistically relevant as the corresponding vibration thresholds. This work examines UH-60M avionics and introduces five visualization methods appropriate for displaying large, multi-attribute datasets: 1) panel plots for multi-attribute data on a single time axis, 2) horizon plots to color-code important regions in a compact view, 3) box plots to isolate factors that may be obscured by simple trending; 4) correlation matrices to rigorously group common views; and 5) parallel coordinates to illustrate these multi-attribute dependencies over time. The research identifies horizon plots as particularly insightful to extend engine and flight analysis beyond the traditional strip chart.
Rotorcraft Simulations with Coupled Flight Dynamics, Free Wake, and Acoustics
Authors:   The Pennsylvania State University, Saetti Umberto ,   Continuum Dynamics Inc., Wachspress Dan , Horn Joseph , Brentner Kenneth , Villafana Willca
Published: October 2024

This study presents the integration of a flight simulation code (PSUHeloSim), a high fidelity rotor aeromechanics model with free wake (CHARM Rotor Module), and an industry standard noise prediction tool (PSU-WOPWOP) into a comprehensive noise prediction system. The flight simulation uses an autonomous controller to follow a prescribed trajectory for both steady and maneuvering flight conditions. The aeromechanical model calculates blade loads and blade motion that couple to the vehicle flight dynamics with suitable resolution to allow high fidelity acoustics analysis (including prediction of blade-vortex interaction (BVI) noise). The blade loads and motion data is sent to PSU-WOPWOP in a post-processing step to predict external noise. The coupled analysis is being used to evaluate the influence of flight path on aircraft noise certification metrics like EPNL and SEL for various rotorcraft in work for the FAA. The software was used to analyze the acoustic properties of a blade planform similar to the "Blue Edge" rotor blades developed by DLR and Airbus Helicopters - predicting BVI noise reduction as compared to more conventional blade geometries on the same order as that reported for the "Blue Edge" rotor.
A Time-Frequency Domain Approach for PIO/PAO Detection and Analysis
Authors:   Politecnico di Milano, Masarati Pierangelo ,   Politecnico di Torino, Franzoni Denis , Guglieri Giorgio
Published: October 2024

Adverse pilot-vehicle interaction is an important topic, as its impact ranges from handling qualities degradation to potential loss of control. Typical rotorcraft-pilot couplings events are intrinsically time dependent, although characterized by intrinsic frequency aspects, at least when an oscillatory behavior is involved, as in Pilot Induced and Augmented Oscillations. As such, methods capable of simultaneously capturing frequency and time domain related aspects are desirable. In this work, the computation of indicators for the identification of the insurgence of pilot-induced oscillations are revisited in terms of power spectral density, in the frame of ergodic processes. Since the assumption of ergodicity does not apply to intrinsically time-dependent phenomena, Wavelet Transform is used to compute corresponding time-dependent indicators. The suitability of this approach is checked by considering its application to the analysis of signals measured during piloted flight simulation tests in which adverse pilot-vehicle interactions were observed. The results obtained so far are quite promising, suggesting the opportunity to further investigate the approach.
Vehicle Modeling for Flight Test Measurements of Ship Airwake Disturbances
Authors:   Barron Associates Inc., Cooper Jared ,   The Pennsylvania State University, Horn Joseph , S. Venkatasubramani , Liu Yande
Published: October 2024

This paper describes modeling of small-scale rotorcraft using system identification and first-principles techniques. The vehicle model is used as part of a methodology to empirically validate coupled ship airwake and rotor wake computational fluid dynamics disturbance models used in Virtual Dynamic Interface (VDI) simulations with flight test data. The validation approach uses a gust identification algorithm to estimate disturbance characteristics from flight data. The algorithm uses a model of the aircraft dynamics, and therefore, accurate models of system dynamics are desirable. Several vehicles are being used to help validate the gust identification algorithm: the Hornet-Mini, a single-shaft remote control scale helicopter and the Iris+ quadrotor. This report summarizes work to estimate dynamic models of these vehicles with the AUSPEX and CIFER tools.
Future Unmanned Concept of Operations (CONOPs) - Supporting Future Expeditionary and Joint Forcible Entry Forces
Authors:   Sikorsky Aircraft Corporation, Tiongson Glenn
Published: October 2024

As expeditionary and forcible entry warfighters, American forces have come to depend on safe deployment into theater and the ability to gain and maintain air, space and maritime superiority. The Department of Defense (DoD) future operating environment will be challenged with national and international scenarios that will further strain the limited deployment capacity of U.S. military units. The majority of these challenges and opportunities are likely to be in the littorals—the congested and diverse regions where the sea and land mass merge. In 2003, the Center for Strategic and Budgetary Assessments defined anti-access as enemy actions that inhibit military movement into a theater of operations, and area-denial operations as activities that seek to deny freedom of action within areas under the enemy's control. The enemy's development and proliferation of anti-access and area-denial (A2/AD) weapon systems impede the ability of the U.S. expeditionary (see Figure 1) and joint forcible entry forces (see Figure 2) to conduct follow-on air-ground operations (AGO) and neutralize the threat. Establishing a future A2/AD CONOP is imperative in assessing key requirements for the tactical and strategic deployment of autonomous platforms to incapacitate A2/AD threats and pave the way for effective manned operation in follow-on phases of the conflict (see Figures 3 and 4).
Passive Suppression of Planetary Gear Transmission Vibration via Discrete Boundary Struts
Authors:   University of Tennessee, Guan Peng , DeSmidt Hans
Published: October 2024

This paper investigates a passive vibration suppression method for planetary gear transmissions by establishing a new PGT structural dynamics model with elastic ring gear supported by discrete boundary struts. Even with the assumption of constant mesh stiffnesses, the system is still periodically time-varying due to the dynamic interaction of the discrete boundary support struts, rotating planets and the elastic ring gear. The assume-modes method, Floquet theorem and harmonic balance method are used to obtain the steady state response of the system under constant load torque. Three criteria, maximum ring stress, planet bearing deformation force and mesh forces, are used to evaluate the vibration of the PGT driveline system. By adjusting the boundary strut number and stiffness over the entire operation speed range, some vibration suppression can be achieved. The results characterized the effects of boundary strut number and stiffness on PGT driveline vibration suppression.