bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Friends or Foe?
Authors: Manna Rosalba , Palumbo Rocco , Pellegrini Massimiliano
Published: December 2020

Scholars have argued that business ethics is a crucial ingredient for the successful recipe of human resource management. However, little is known about the factors that trigger an organizational commitment towards the promotion of an ethical approach in crafting human resource management practices. This is especially true for family firms, whose ethical slant in devising human resource management practices has been under-researched. This chapter intends to push forward our knowledge in the field of business ethics investigating the role of familiness in determining ethically-rooted human resource management practices among small and medium-sized enterprises. More specifically, the authors investigated how awareness of business ethics issues and formalization of human resource management policies and practices affect the SMEs commitment to ethics. Family firms were found to be aware of the ethical challenges that characterize human resource management; however, no evidence was retrieved about the role of familiness in triggering an ethical commitment in managing human resources.
Human Resources Management Understanding and Nepotism in Family Businesses
Authors: Erdirencelebi Meral , Cini Mehmet Akif
Published: December 2020

Family businesses have locomotive power in the economic life of countries. As a matter of fact, one of the main problems in family businesses is experienced in the management of human resources. In contrast to an institutional system in particular, favouritism on issues such as recruitment, promotion, etc. adversely affect the merit, fairness, and trust understandings of other professional internal stakeholders other than the favoured employee. The general perception of nepotism in family businesses and as stated in many studies in the literature is the favouritism of family members towards non-family professional workers. However, one issue that has not been emphasized in the literature is that the unqualified family member can also be favoured against another family member with expert knowledge. It is thought that the chapter will contribute to the literature in this regard. How a successful global family business was divided and destroyed as a result of nepotism practices has been dealt with as a case study.
Evaluating Significant Risks in International Trade of E7 Economies With AHP Methodology
Authors: Dinçer Hasan , Karakuş Hüsne
Published: December 2020

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the risks encountered in the international trade process. E7 economies are included in the study. For this purpose, six criteria that should be taken into consideration are determined by considering similar studies in the literature. In the analysis process of the study, AHP method is used to identify which type of risk encountered in the international trade process is more important. In this process, opinions are received from three different experts on the subject. It is concluded that the exchange rate risk is the most important in this process. In addition to this situation, political risk and payment risk are other important factors for this situation. On the other side, it is also determined that documentary risk and carriage risk have lower role in comparison with others. Accordingly, it is essential for companies to take the necessary measures. In this context, it is possible to decrease the exchange rate volatility by using financial derivative products.
Applications of Radio Frequency Identification Technology and Security Issues in Supply Chain Management
Authors: Pal Kamalendu
Published: December 2020

Supply chain management (SCM) systems provide the ability of information sharing and interpretation of contextual information to businesses and help their day-to-day operations. This chapter presents an introduction to radio frequency identification (RFID) technology and its applications in SCM. The chapter also describes the technical basics of RFID systems and examines several industry-specific applications of this technology to SCM to provide crucial implementation reviews. Next, the chapter emphasizes many inherent vulnerabilities of this pervasive computing technology in the context of security and privacy. This chapter presents a classification mechanism for risks that RFID networks come across by describing a categorization of RFID attacks, describing their main characteristics, and discussing possible countermeasures. The chapter aims to classify the existing weakness of RFID communication so that an appropriate understanding of RFID attacks can be realised, and subsequently, more effective procedures can be deployed to combat these attacks.
Supplier Evaluation With BWM and Fuzzy CODAS Methods
Authors: Ulutaş Alptekin
Published: December 2020

The selection of supplier is a crucial process. The main objective of supplier selection problem is to determine the most suitable suppliers with respect to the company's goals. The selection of supplier is, therefore, an important process for the firm to obtain goals of business. MCDM methods are useful to address this problem as supplier selection problem contains many criteria. An integrated MCDM model comprising BWM and fuzzy CODAS is proposed to address a supplier selection problem for a Turkish furniture workshop in this study. This study aims to fill the research gap in the literature. This research gap is that the number of studies using the BWM and CODAS method together is limited.
mHealth
Authors: Punhani Ritu , Saini Sonia , Varun Nimriti , Rustagi Rahul
Published: December 2020

mHealth or mobile healthcare has become an increasingly important issue in several disciplines such as health communication, public health, and health promotion. This enables the users to use portable devices such as smartphones, smart bands, or tablets for health monitoring. The users have the ability to utilize software applications to interact with mobile devices and store relevant data for further classification and diagnosis. The apps then process the gathered data using the given algorithms and provide the user with personalized diagnosis, and further recommendations for treatment and even suggestive measures to improve general health and fitness. Another benefit of mobile technology is that the data and health statistics of a single patient can be compared with large data sets to facilitate treatment and proper guidance. Doctors, nurses, and other health professionals use mobile devices to access patient information, databases, and resources. Help in today's world is just a click away.
The Role of Genetic Data Analysis for Precision Therapy in Cancer
Authors: Yadav Sunishtha Singh , Chauhan Vandana , Singh Vijeta , Kohler Svenja
Published: December 2020

Cancer has been known as a devastating disease that takes thousands of lives every year. And since this is a heterogenous disease, standard treatments, like chemotherapy, radiation, and chemo-radio therapy, are effective in specific patient population subset only. Genetic differences play a very crucial role in defining cancer susceptibility and also in determining the drug's efficacy by affecting regulation, expression, and activity of drug metabolizing enzymes, drug transporters, and drug receptors. This genetic variability of the disease lends itself to the emerging field of precision or personalized medicine. There are some specific ways of acquiring data for precision or personalized medicine approach like genome wide association scan (GWAS). This is basically identification and scanning of biomarkers throughout the complete DNA/genome of several individuals to study any type of genetic variations which are linked with any form of cancer.
The Role of E-Health Interventions in Improving Clinical Outcomes and Overall Health for Prostate Cancer Patients
Authors: McGrowder Donovan Anthony , Miller Fabian G. , Brown Jabari G. , Wilson-Clarke Cameil , Anderson-Jackson Lennox
Published: December 2020

Globally, prostate cancer is a major healthcare problem. It is among the most frequently diagnosed malignancies and is the primary cancer in males in North America and the Caribbean, Europe, and some parts of Africa. Mobile health interventions afford prostate cancer patients in following prostate specific antigen results including trends, getting a better understanding of the severity of their disease and evaluate carefully the benefits and risks of the available treatment options. This review will examine the use of mobile health applications in prostate cancer research particularly in (1) clinical decision of selecting best treatment option or active surveillance, (2) monitoring disease- and treatment-related symptoms, (3) oncological and supportive care, (4) treatment decisions, and (5) health literacy and promotion of physical exercise. The benefits of telemedicine are discussed. Challenges will be examined and recommendations given for the development and efficient use of mobile health applications by prostate cancer patients and healthcare providers.
Public Health Surveillance System
Authors: Dwivedi Manish Kumar , Pandey Suvashish Kumar , Singh Prashant Kumar
Published: December 2020

To guard people against some grave infectious disease, the surveillance system is a key performance measure of global public health threats and vulnerability. The diseases surveillance system helps in public health monitor, control, and prevent infectious diseases. Infectious diseases remain major causes of death. It's important to monitor and surveillance worldwide for developing a framework for risk assessment and health regulation. Surveillance systems help us in understanding the factors driving infectious disease and developing new technological aptitudes with modeling, pathogen determination, characterization, diagnostics, and communications. This chapter discussed surveillance system working, progress toward global public healthy society considering perspectives for the future and improvement of infectious disease surveillance without limited and fragmented capabilities, and making even global coverage.
Eco-Holonic as a Framework for the Design of Sustainable Autopoietic Cyberphysical Systems
Authors: Ávila-Gutiérrez María Jesús , Aguayo-González Francisco
Published: December 2020

The concept of autopoiesis created by scientists Maturana and Varela to specify the necessary and sufficient conditions of living systems has been strongly criticized by different authors. In spite of the constant attempts to introduce it to the sciences in general, it has only managed to be partially installed, although very strongly, in the social sciences. This chapter will seek to clarify what kind of problems the concept of autopoiesis presents and, in accordance with this, will present a new perspective. The concept of autopoiesis will be analyzed, placing it within the systems theory, critically evaluated, and its deficiencies made evident. Based on this, the concept of interpoiesis for the resolution of the deficiencies presented in the autopoiesis will be presented in order to install this new concept in the discussion. Finally, the concept will be evaluated from the Holonic paradigm shortened a case of application for business from the circular economy.
Mining Sociotechnical Patterns of Enterprise Systems With Complex Networks
Authors: Sousa José , Barata João
Published: December 2020

Organizations worldwide are supporting their processes and decisions with enterprise systems (ES). Large amounts of data are produced and reproduced in these increasingly complex sociotechnical systems, opening new opportunities for the adoption of self-supervised learning techniques. Complex networks are viable solutions to create models that learn from data. This chapter presents (1) a review on the possibilities of networks for self-supervised learning, (2) three cases illustrating the potential of complex networks to address the autopoietic nature of ES (adoption of enterprise resource planning, web portal development, and healthcare data analytics), and (3) a framework to mine sociotechnical patters uncovering the entanglement of human practice and information technologies. For theory, this chapter explains the potential of complex networks to assess enterprise systems dynamics. For practice, the proposed framework can assist managers in establishing a strategy to continuously learn from their data to support decision-making in self-adapting scenarios.
Self-Organizing Manufacturing Systems in Industry 4.0
Authors: Rodič Blaž
Published: December 2020

This chapter presents the evolution of simulation modelling methodology in the context of the Industry 4.0 paradigm and the development of autonomous, self-organizing manufacturing systems. Such a system is managed by a decision-making system that uses a detailed model of the factory, known as the “digital twin” to monitor and control the manufacturing process and test possible process reorganization scenarios. To allow self-organization within the physical world, the “digital twin” model must itself be self-organizing. That means that the structure of the simulation model can be constructed from process data, which is a novel concept, called data-driven modelling. As self-organization leads to the reorganization of existing elements and their relationships within a system, we can treat such manufacturing systems as autopoietic. The chapter introduces the Industry 4.0 paradigm and its background and presents the main self-organizing manufacturing concepts, and the state of technology supporting these concepts.
“Ridiculous and Untrue – FAKE NEWS!”
Authors: Grazulis Anna , Rogers Ryan
Published: December 2020

Beyond the spread of fake news, the term “fake news” has been used by people on social media and by people in the Trump administration to discredit reporting and show disagreement with the content of a story. This study offers a series of defining traits of fake news and a corresponding experiment testing its impact. Overall, this study shows that fake news, or at least labeling fake news can impact the gratifications people derive from news. Further, this study provides evidence that the impact of fake news might, in some cases, rely on whether or not the fake news complies with preexisting beliefs.
Reconstructing Diffusion Model for Virality Detection in News Spread Networks
Authors: Jain Kritika , Garg Ankit , Jain Somya
Published: December 2020

In today's competitive world, organizations take advantage of widely-available data to promote their products and increase their revenue. This is achieved by identifying the reader's preference for news genre and patterns in news spread network. Spreading news over the internet seems to be a continuous process which eventually triggers the evolution of temporal networks. This temporal network comprises of nodes and edges, where node corresponds to published articles and similar articles are connected via edges. The main focus of this article is to reconstruct a susceptible-infected (SI) diffusion model to discover the spreading pattern of news articles for virality detection. For experimental analysis, a dataset of news articles from four domains (business, technology, entertainment, and health) is considered and the articles' rate of diffusion is inferred and compared. This will help to build a recommendation system, i.e. recommending a particular domain for advertisement and marketing. Hence, it will assist to build strategies for effective product endorsement for sustainable profitability.
Role of Social Media in Terrorism Crisis Communication
Authors: Kimotho Stephen Gichuhi , Nyarang'o Carolyne Nyaboe
Published: December 2020

Terrorism targeting corporate bodies remains one the greatest risks to the most critical intangible asset of any organization: reputation. Thus, effective crisis communication is critical during and after terror crisis to mitigate further damage on the reputation. To date, many studies around the globe have tended to focus on the role of the traditional media during terror crisis, paying minimal attention to organisations' use of social media during terror crisis. Using a descriptive qualitative case study, this study examined the role of social media during 2013 Westgate Mall terror attack, in Nairobi, Kenya. Findings revealed that the Interior Ministry (IM) used Twitter as the preferred social media platform to communicate with various stakeholders. Accommodative crisis response strategies were the most used by the IM. However, the ministry was plagued with inaccuracies and inconsistencies in its responses on social media compromising reputation of the government further. Balancing the need for speedy response, accuracy and consistency, remained the greatest challenge for the IM.
Using Argumentation to Develop Critical Thinking About Social Issues in the Classroom
Authors: Boyd N. Leigh
Published: December 2020

Thanks to the polarized nature of politics in the world today, students need to learn how to think critically about social issues. Argumentation can be both a type of critical thinking and a tool with which to teach students to think critically about social issues. This chapter lays out a framework for teaching students how to develop critical thinking about real world issues through the use of dialogic argumentation. The impact of dialogic argumentative activities in the classroom are discussed, particularly as they relate to the development of metacognition and theory of mind, as well as how they help students develop an “inner-locutor” that allows them to evaluate both their position and opposing positions. Finally, a model for how these elements contribute to students' value-loaded critical thinking about social issues is outlined.
Using Social Media to Enhance Information Literacy
Authors: Robinson Sue , Gariepy Laura W.
Published: December 2020

Academic librarians have long been committed to developing their students' abilities to assess the quality and credibility of various types of information. A combination of increasing public discourse about evaluating every day information and librarians' commitment to empowering students to be responsible consumers of information led Virginia Commonwealth University (VCU) librarians to develop the #VetYourSources campaign, focused on enhancing undergraduate students' skills for evaluating information in academic and day-to-day contexts through social media. This chapter details the design, planning, and execution of the campaign, as well as future directions.
Impact of Environmental Accounting Reporting Practices on Financial Performance
Authors: Dhar Sajon , Chowdhury Mohammad Ashraful Ferdous
Published: December 2020

The study intended to explore the effect of environmental accounting reporting (EAR) practices on the financial performance of the banking industry of Bangladesh. Panel data consisting of 25 listed banks in Dhaka Stock Exchange (DSE) over the period 2012 to 2016 has been employed in this study. An environmental accounting reporting score (EARS) index has been developed by analyzing the content of banks' annual reports. Using Pooled OLS, the analysis revealed that EAR reporting had been increased after publishing the Bangladesh bank guideline. The empirical analysis showed that a significant positive correlation between EAR and profit margin (PM). However, EAR has an insignificant relationship with ROAE (return on average equity), EPS (earnings per share), and ROAA (return on average assets). Among control variables, size, capital ratio, overhead expense, and loan ratio have a significant impact on financial performance.
Collaborative Management of Conflict Resolution in Urban Residents Fights
Authors: Nulhaqim Soni Akhmad
Published: December 2020

This research aimed to discuss and analyze the factors that cause violent conflict in the form of fights between citizens in urban areas, disclose and analyze the resolutions that have been done through either litigation process or non-litigation process, and establish a collaborative management model of conflict resolution to resolve and control violent conflict in urban areas. This research directed at the creation of a complete holistic picture formed on the basis of detail informant views and arranged in a natural setting. This research shows that violent conflict in the form of fights between citizens is caused by structural factors in which the position of the conflicting group has dominant and non-dominant solidarity, and there is a dynamic change of solidarity associated with the position of the group's strength; resolution of violent conflict between citizens is done through two ways: (a) litigation and (b) non-litigation or alternative dispute resolution (ADR) such as negotiation, mediation, and conciliation.
Influence of Positioning Strategy and Relationship Marketing Towards Brand Imaging
Authors: Ismail Muhammad
Published: December 2020

The purpose of the article (objective of the study is) to investigate the simultaneous and partial effect of positioning and relationship marketing strategies, as perceived by customers, towards brand image on customers of pre-paid GSM providers in Makassar. First, positioning strategy and relationship marketing have positive, partial, and simultaneous influence towards brand image of the pre-paid GSM cellular provider customers in Makassar. Secondly, positioning strategy relationship marketing and brand image have simultaneous influence towards brand loyalty of the pre-paid GSM cellular provider customers in Makassar. The originality of this study is that this is a comprehensive study analyzing the relationship between performance of positioning and marketing strategy, their relationship to brand image, and its implications towards brand loyalty.
Intelligent Bionic Optimization Algorithm Based on the Growth Characteristics of Tree Branches
Authors: Tang Fei
Published: December 2020

To improve the performance of bionic algorithms, an intelligent bionic optimization algorithm is proposed based on the morphological characteristics of trees growing toward light. The growth organ of the tree is mapped into the coding of the tree growth algorithm, and the entire tree is formed by selecting the fastest growing individual to form the next level of the tree. When the tree growth reaches a certain level, the individual code of the shoot tip is added to enhance the search ability of the individual shoot tip in the growth space of the entire tree. This method achieves a near-optimal solution. The experimental results were compared with the optimization results of the genetic algorithm and the ant colony algorithm using the classic optimization function. The experimental results show that this algorithm has fewer iterations, a faster convergence speed, higher precision, and a better optimization ability than the genetic algorithm or the ant colony algorithm.
Short-Term Wind Power Prediction Using Hybrid Auto Regressive Integrated Moving Average Model and Dynamic Particle Swarm Optimization
Authors: Singh Pavan Kumar , Singh Nitin , Negi Richa
Published: December 2020

With the upsurge in restructuring of the power markets, wind power has become one of the key factors in power generation in the smart grids and gained momentum in the recent years. The accurate wind power forecasting is highly desirable for reduction of the reserve capability, enhancement in penetration of the wind power, stability and economic operation of the power system. The time series models are extensively used for the wind power forecasting. The model estimation in the ARIMA model is usually accomplished by maximizing the log likelihood function and it requires to be re-estimated for any change in input value. This degrades the performance of the ARIMA model. In the proposed work, the model estimation of the ARIMA model is done using latest evolutionary algorithm (i.e., dynamic particle swarm optimization [DPSO]). The use of DPSO algorithm eliminates the need for re-estimation of the model coefficients for any change in input value and moreover, it improves the performance of ARIMA model. The performance of proposed DPSO-ARIMA model has been compared to the existing models.
Design and Implementation of RS(450, 406) Decoder
Authors: Yadav Akhilesh , Jindal Poonam , Basappa Devaraju
Published: December 2020

Nowadays, in the field of data transmission between receiver and transmitter, the Reed Solomon code is used very frequently. FEC codes have two foremost and influential operations: (1) calculating parity symbols at the encoder side and (2) transmitting message symbols with parity symbols and decoding the received codeword at the second side by using the decoding algorithms. Gigabit automotive ethernet is used in the automotive car to provide better bandwidth for every kind of applications to connect functional components of the vehicles. This error correction technique is used in the gigabit automotive ethernet to reduce the channel noise during data transmission. RS (450, 406) is a powerful error correction techniques used in automotive ethernet. This paper focused only on the analysis of Reed Solomon decoding. Reed Solomon decoding is more efficient decoding techniques for correcting both burst and random errors. The critical steps of the Reed Solomon decoding are to solve the error evaluator and error calculator polynomial, which is also known as KES solver.
A Modified GA-Based Load Balanced Clustering Algorithm for WSN
Authors: Kumar Mohit , Kumar Dinesh , Akhtar Md Amir Khusru
Published: December 2020

The prevalent applications of WSN have fascinated a plethora of research efforts. Sensor nodes have serious limitations such as battery lifetime, memory constraints, and computational capabilities. Clustering is an important method for maximizing the network lifetime. In clustering, a network is divided into virtual groups, and CHs send their data to the BS either directly or using multi-hop routing. CHs are some special nodes having more energy than normal nodes. In fact, these special nodes are also battery operated and consequently power constrained; thus, they play a vital role in network lifetime. Cluster formation is very important and improper design may cause overload. This paper presents a modified GA-based load balanced clustering (MGALBC) algorithm for WSN. It is better than GA-based load balanced clustering (GALBC) algorithm because it balances the load by considering the residual energy. The result shows that the proposed method is better than GALBC in terms of energy consumption, number of active sensor nodes and network life.
Coupling BIM and Game Engine Technologies for Construction Knowledge Enhancement
Authors: Buhammood A. H. , Abanda Henry , Garstecki Peter , Manjia M. B. , Pettang Chrispin , Abdullahi Abdulrasheed Madugu
Published: December 2020

Interactions and collaboration between parties in construction projects are often characterised by misunderstandings and poor information exchange. Game engine technologies, when employed with building information modelling (BIM), can help address these shortcomings. Quite often, the visualisation capabilities of BIM models are not explored fully partly because of their limited interactive capability. While game engines are powerful in visualisation and interactions in the gaming industry, the literature suggests a lack of understanding of the applicability of the same in construction. This study investigates the potential of the use of game engines in construction practice which culminated in a framework that can guide the implementation of the same in enhancing interactive building walkthroughs.
Antecedents of Wallet App Adoption
Authors: Malik Anshul , Sharma Swati
Published: December 2020

Emerging economies like India are witnessing rapid technological changes. To penetrate in the emerging markets and ensure smooth adoption of mobile wallets it is important to study the constructs that trigger mobile adoption. The study presents a cumulative finding of the research carried out in the field of wallet app adoption by using weight analysis. The study systematically identifies various constructs studied by researchers, delineates significant and non-significant relationships between the constructs and mobile adoption, and performs weight analysis to identify the important constructs of wallet app adoption. The study presents a list of strong, frequently utilized significant predictors of app adoption and experimental predictors (i.e., independent variables not frequently used but tested to be significantly impacting app adoption are also presented). To the best of the author's knowledge, no published work presents the cumulative illustration of the constructs to explain the wallet app adoption is available so far.
Preparation and Electrochemical Properties of Flow-Through TiO2 Nanoarray
Authors: Xie Yi Bing
Published: December 2020

Microstructure-tailored TiO2 nanoarrays with adjustive wall-hole morphology have been designed to improve electrochemical properties. Tubular, porous and flow-through TiO2 nanoarrays are fabricated by one-stepped, two-stepped and three-stepped anodization process under the controlled reaction condition. Tubular nanoarray with the opened-mouth and closed-bottom has a tube diameter of 120-130nm, a length of 8.12μm, and wall thickness of 15nm. Similarly, porous TiO2 nanoarray with the opened-mouth and closed-bottom has a pore diameter of 60-70nm, a length of 8.25μm, neighboring wall distance of 70-80nm. Comparatively, flow-through TiO2 nanoarray with the opened-mouth and opened-bottom has a pore diameter of 110-120nm, a length of 8.56μm, neighboring wall distance of 40nm. In comparison with tubular and porous TiO2 nanoarrays, flow-through TiO2 nanoarray indicates the deceased charge transfer resistance and diffusion-related Warburg impedance, presenting the enhanced current response at the same electrode potential. Accordingly, bottom-opened flow-through TiO2 nanoarray achieves the specific capacitance of 6.35 mF cm-2, which is higher than the bottom-closed tubular and porous TiO2 nanoarrays (2.94 and 3.78 mF cm-2). The flow-through TiO2 nanoarray presents the improved electrochemical performance for the electrochemical energy-storage.
Peculiar Phenotypic and Cytotoxic Features of Pulmonary Mucosal CD8 T Cells in People Living with HIV Receiving Long-Term Antiretroviral Therapy
Authors: Meziane Oussama , Alexandrova Yulia , Olivenstein Ronald , Dupuy Franck P , Salahuddin Syim , Thomson Elaine , Orlova Marianna , Schurr Erwin , Ancuta Petronela , Durand Madeleine , Chomont Nicolas , Estaquier Jérôme , Bernard Nicole F , Costiniuk Cecilia T , Jenabian Mohammad-Ali
Published: December 2020

People living with HIV have high burdens of chronic lung disease, lung cancers, and pulmonary infections despite antiretroviral therapy (ART). The rates of tobacco smoking by people living with HIV vastly exceed that of the general population. Furthermore, we showed that HIV can persist within the lung mucosa despite long-term ART. As CD8 T cell cytotoxicity is pivotal for controlling viral infections and eliminating defective cells, we explored the phenotypic and functional features of pulmonary versus peripheral blood CD8 T cells in ART-treated HIV+ and uninfected controls. Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and matched blood were obtained from asymptomatic ART-treated HIV+ smokers (n = 11) and nonsmokers (n = 15) and uninfected smokers (n = 7) and nonsmokers (n = 10). CD8 T cell subsets and phenotypes were assessed by flow cytometry. Perforin/granzyme B content, degranulation (CD107a expression), and cytotoxicity against autologous Gag peptide-pulsed CD4 T cells (Annexin V+) following in vitro stimulation were assessed. In all groups, pulmonary CD8 T cells were enriched in effector memory subsets compared with blood and displayed higher levels of activation (HLA-DR+) and exhaustion (PD1+) markers. Significant reductions in proportions of senescent pulmonary CD28−CD57+ CD8 T cells were observed only in HIV+ smokers. Pulmonary CD8 T cells showed lower perforin expression ex vivo compared with blood CD8 T cells, with reduced granzyme B expression only in HIV+ nonsmokers. Bronchoalveolar lavage CD8 T cells showed significantly less in vitro degranulation and CD4 killing capacity than blood CD8 T cells. Therefore, pulmonary mucosal CD8 T cells are more differentiated, activated, and exhausted, with reduced killing capacity in vitro than blood CD8 T cells, potentially contributing to a suboptimal anti-HIV immune response within the lungs.
The Importance of Developing Athletic Training Leadership Behaviors
Authors: Franklin Tiffany , Nyland John
Published: December 2020

Context

Health care professionals such as athletic trainers (ATs) and athletic training educators should embrace contemporary leadership theories and practice leadership behaviors essential to professional responsibility.

Objective

This commentary discusses leadership behavior trends and the need for leadership development in professional athletic training education curricula and continuing education.

Background

Traditional leadership theories focused on trait-based and “Great Man” characteristics. These theories suggest that leaders arise only through inherent or inherited leader-like behaviors. In contrast, contemporary leadership theories suggest that leaders can be developed and better promote the collegial leader-follower exchange that is needed to motivate, encourage, and support followers as well as a profession.

Synthesis

Contemporary leadership theories involve a leader-follower relationship that integrates a teamwork approach into the workplace setting. Athletic trainers practice leadership behaviors but are less likely to demonstrate leadership characteristics when not practicing in their AT roles. Existing evidence suggests that contemporary leadership development can be helpful in athletic training to identify and develop future leaders, to promote the profession, and to improve patient outcomes.

Results

Transformational, team-centered leadership styles provide a growing opportunity for practicing ATs and athletic training students to expand into greater organizational leadership and decision-maker roles.

Recommendation(s)

Athletic trainer leadership knowledge, skills, and abilities development and professional responsibility should be emphasized more in professional athletic training educational programs and continuing education.

Conclusion(s)

Leadership behaviors that are effectively integrated into athletic training educational programs early and often may promote the profession by concurrently improving clinical and professional practice behaviors. Athletic trainers should practice leadership behaviors with greater frequency in differing societal constructs, communities, and complex health care systems.
Overflow risk analysis on the Presidente Dutra highway using the quota-volume curve in the Una River Basin in Taubaté, SP, Brazil
Authors: Santos Paulo Sergio dos , Santos Eduardo Rodrigues dos , Targa Marcelo Dos Santos , Catelani Celso De Souza , Dias Nelson Wellausen , Santos Marcia Eliza de Godoi dos
Published: December 2020

Anthropic interventions and vectors of urban occupation have caused changes in the infiltration and runoff regime that can cause or accelerate erosion processes, silting and flooding in river basins. Flooding, as a stochastic phenomenon, can occur at any time and in any place, influenced by climatic factors, physical characteristics of the basin and mainly by human interference in the use and occupation of the land, which affects the type, quality and quantity of vegetation and increases soil impermeability. The aspects of regional urbanization led the State in 2012 to create the Metropolitan Region of Vale do Paraíba and the North Coast (RMVPLN), attracting large real estate investors. In the hydrographic basin of the river Una in the municipality of Taubaté, there has been an increase in flooding episodes and the possibility of worsening due to changes in land use and occupation. In this study, we sought to determine runoff as a function of changes in land use and occupation expressed by the variation in runoff coefficient (C) recommended by the Department of Water and Electricity of the State of São Paulo, (DAEE-SP) for licensing and intervention projects in water resources. The lower limits C = 0.35 and upper C = 0.70 were used admitting variations of 0.05 points in this interval to calculate the water flow (QE) and Intake Volumes (VE) in the basin from an intense precipitation of 100 years of recurrence time, from the use of the UEHARA Method (DAEE, 2006), to the control point located at the intersection of the Una River and the Presidente Eurico Gaspar Dutra Highway (BR 116-SP) and from this the Quota-Volume curve was drawn. The flood shares were obtained by hitting the reserve volumes found on the quota-volume curve.The current runoff coefficient of the basin is C = 0.35, which allows water to pass through the Dutra highway bridge. However, the modification of C = 0.50 due to the advance of urbanization, the level of flooding would reach 557.40 m. That exceeds the level of the lower base of the bridge (556.72 m) and, with C = 0.60, would reach the quota of 558.90 m, which would cover the asphalt surface of the highway. Given the real estate pressures in the metropolitan region, special care is recommended in the conservation, preservation and expansion of native forest vegetation with actions for Payments for Environmental Services (PSAs), de-silting actions of the main gutter and Una's tributaries, to contain the identified advance of urbanization in the basin, as well as the definition and installation of detention and retention basins.
Increased risk of chronic otitis media in chronic rhinosinusitis patients: a longitudinal follow-up study using a national health screening cohort
Authors: Kim S.K. , Park M-W. , Min c. , Park I-S. , Park B. , Byun S-H. , Choi H.G. , Hong S.J.
Published: December 2020

Background: Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) and chronic otitis media (COM) share pathophysiological mechanisms such as bacterial infection, biofilm, and persistence of the obstruction state of ventilation routes. However, only a few studies have investigated the relationship between these two diseases nationwide and in the general population. The purpose of this study was to determine whether the incidence of COM in patients with CRS differed from that of a matched control from the national health screening cohort. Methods: Data from the Korean Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service-National Patient Samples were collected from 2002 to 2015. Participants who were treated ≥2 times and underwent head and neck computed tomography evaluation were selected. A 1:4 matched CRS group (n=8,057) and a control group (n=32,228) were selected. The control group included partici- pants who were never treated with the ICD-10 code J32 from 2002 to 2015. The CRS group included CRS patients with/without nasal polyps. Results: The incidence of COM was significantly higher in the CRS group than in the control group. In a subgroup analysis, the incidence of COM in all age groups and in men and women was significantly higher in the CRS group than in the control group. More, CRS increased the risk of COM. Conclusions: A significant association was observed between CRS and COM. This indicates that CRS patients have a high risk of developing COM.
Spermatozoa Morphology and Embryo Development of Four Species of Bivalves from Beibu Gulf
Authors: Chen Jian , Deng Zhenghua , Wei Haijun , Zhao Wang , Chen Mingqiang , Yu Gang , Sun Jing , Yu Dahui , Li Youning , Wang Yu , Bai Lirong
Published: December 2020

The morphology of sperm and early embryo development of shellfish can provide guidance for classification and biological reproduction. In this study, scanning electron microscopy and light microscopy were used to determine the shape of the sperm, characterize the embryonic development, and measured the size of the mature eggs and the D-shape larvae of four different clam species (Paphia schnelliana, Lutraria sieboldii, Antigona lamellaris, and Paphia textzle). The results showed that these four clam species differ in sperm morphology and the size of the mature eggs and the Dshape larvae (P<0.01). There were also differences in embryonic development time and morphology. This analysis of spermatozoa morphology, egg size, D-shaped larvae size, and embryo development in these four different clam species provides the basis for classification and future breeding efforts.
ASPECTOS TAXONÔMICOS DA BIOPROSPECÇÃO NO BRASIL: TENDÊNCIA CIENTÍFICA
Authors:   Instituto Federal Goiano, Freitas Samylla Tassia Ferreira de , Benvindo-Souza Marcelino ,   Universidade Federal de Goiás, Teodoro Leonice Oliveira , Goulart Marcela Melo Peres , Pinto Tainara Furtado Eler , Azevedo Maryana Oliveira , Valentim Alisson Montanheiro , Pereira Paulo Sérgio , Santos Lia Raquel de Souza , Dyszy Fábio Henrique
Published: December 2020

Bioprospecting of secondary metabolites is a key predictor for economic growth and development of a country. In the present study, we reviewed the trend of bioprospecting in Brazil focused on taxonomic groups. We use data published in the Web of Science and Scopus. Studies with this topic were published between 2004 and 2018, whose taxa, plants, microorganisms, insects, sponges, and amphibians were bioprospected, demonstrating significant growth in the number of publications (R² = 0.77; N = 67; p = 0.0006). As expected, plants dominated the citations scenario in the surveys, being the most well-known group (R² = 0.71; N = 40; p = 0.002), as a result of Brazil having the greatest species richness of plants in the world with great pharmacological use. The increase on the number of studies, especially in the kingdom Plantae, maximized the biotechnological applicability in the pharmaceutical industry. Microorganisms, including algae, bacteria and fungi also showed a significant increase in the number of publications (R² = 0.81; N = 34; p= 0.0002). Regarding the biotechnological applications of bioprospecting research in Brazil, the pharmaceutical industry accounted for the majority of the investigations (72.9 %), followed by agriculture (12.8 %), bioenergy industry (5.7 %), bioremediation (4.3 %), and food industry (4.3 %). The data indicate a promising scenario in the country's bioprospecting; however, insects, sponges and amphibians had a low number of published studies, making it impossible to perform a temporal analysis.
REPRODUCTIVE AND AGONISTIC BEHAVIORS OF BLACK-FRONTED PIPING GUANS CANDIDATES FOR RELEASE AND REINTRODUCED (GALLIFORMES: CRACIDAE) IN THE BRAZILIAN ATLANTIC FOREST
Authors:   Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, Souza Livia Dias Cavalcante de , Tassoni Pereira Alecsandra , Azevedo Cristiano Schetini , São Bernardo Christine Steiner , Develey Pedro Ferreira , Ruiz-Miranda Carlos Ramón ,   Sociedade para a Conservação das Aves do Brasil-SAVE Brasil,   Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto,   Universidade do Estado de Mato Grosso
Published: December 2020

The black-fronted piping guan, Pipile jacutinga, is an endemic Atlantic Forest cracid currently classified as Endangered in Brazil and globally. We present data on the reproductive and agonistic behaviors of a pair of captive reared Black-fronted piping guans reintroduced in a protected area in Serra da Mantiqueira, São Paulo state, Brazil, as well as opportunistic records of reproductive behavior of Black-fronted piping guan candidates for release that were held inside a pre-release acclimation enclosure. Behavioral data were collected from September 2017 to February 2018. We conducted 172 h of observations across 97 days of monitoring. Six reproductive behaviors were recorded: 1) Wing Display, 2) Nodding Call, 3) Mating Dance, 4) Male Offering Food to Female, 5) Tail Fanning and 6) Copulation. Two white eggs were seen on the 14th day of incubation in a natural nest built in a tree fern. Only the female was observed incubating the eggs. The female devoted over 90 % of her time to incubation, the rest mainly to foraging or vigilance. The male spent 48 % of time vigilant nearby of the nest but did not interact with the female or eggs. On the 20th day, incubation was interrupted following heavy rain. Agonistic interactions related to territory defense were observed between the released male and males inside the pre-release acclimation enclosure. On 88 % of the occasions we observed territorial defense behavior between the reintroduced male and other males inside the enclosure. The observations of the pair of reintroduced Black-fronted piping guans and of the candidates for release, provided valuable information about the reproductive behaviors of this largely unstudied and critically threatened species.
ESTRUTURA DE COMUNIDADES E ESPÉCIES INDICADORAS DE CULICÍDEOS (DIPTERA: NEMATOCERA) EM AMBIENTES COM DIFERENTES GRAUS DE IMPACTO AMBIENTAL
Authors:   Universidade Estadual do Norte do Paraná, Dias Daiana Aparecida , Vieira Fernando Emmanuel Gonçalves , Caetano Dyego Leonardo Ferraz , Massafera Rubens , Oliveira Rodrigo de ,   Secretaria de Saúde do Estado do Paraná,   Forrest Brasil Tecnologia Ltda
Published: December 2020

Os culicídeos são insetos hematófagos chamados de mosquitos. Eles são vetores responsáveis pela transmissão de diversos patógenos aos animais e ao homem. As fêmeas destes dípteros fazem oviposição em recipientes introduzidos pelo humano no ambiente natural. Estes reservatórios de água transformam-se em novos criadouros. Desta forma, o objetivo desta pesquisa é descrever a diversidade de espécies de culicídeos no município de Ribeirão Claro, Paraná, encontradas em criadouros artificiais instalados em ambientes com diferentes níveis de impacto antrópico. Foram instaladas armadilhas em quatro pontos da cidade com características urbanas, periurbanas, rurais e silvestres respectivamente e em cada ponto distribuíram-se três recipientes artificiais para servir de criadouros. A captura das larvas nestes recipientes foi realizada quinzenalmente, sendo o período de coleta desenvolvido de fevereiro a setembro de 2018. As métricas de comunidade realizadas foram: riqueza, abundância total e relativa, diversidade, equitabilidade, dominância e a similaridade. Também foi analisada a presença de espécies indicadoras para cada ambiente avaliado. Foram coletados 472 culicídeos imaturos, distribuídos nos taxa: Aedes aegypti (Linnaeus, 1762), Aedes albopictus (Skuse, 1894), Culex quinquefasciatus Say, 1823, Culex coronator Dyar & Knab, 1906, Toxorhynchites sp., Anopheles argyritarsis Robineau-Desvoidy, 1827, Aedes fluviatilis (Lutz, 1904) e Uranotaenia sp. A maior abundância ocorreu na área periurbana sendo a espécie Aedes aegypti a de maior ocorrência. Foram apontados como bioindicadores o Aedes aegypti para o ambiente periurbano, o Aedes albopictus para a área rural e o Toxorhynchites sp. para o ambiente silvestre. A maior riqueza e diversidade foram observadas no ambiente silvestre mostrando que alterações nestes locais podem favorecer a presença de insetos de importância para a saúde pública.