bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Management of life-threatening hemoptysis
Authors: Kathuria Hasmeena , Hollingsworth Helen M. , Vilvendhan Rajendran , Reardon Christine
Published: April 2020

It is estimated that 5–14% of patients presenting with hemoptysis will have life-threatening hemoptysis, with a reported mortality rate between 9 and 38%. This manuscript provides a comprehensive literature review on life-threatening hemoptysis, including the etiology and mechanisms, initial stabilization, and management of patients. There is no consensus on the optimal diagnostic approach to life-threatening hemoptysis, so we present a practical approach to utilizing chest radiography, computed tomography, and bronchoscopy, alone or in combination, to localize the bleeding site depending on patient stability. The role of angiography and embolization as well as bronchoscopic and surgical techniques for the management of life-threatening hemoptysis is reviewed. Through case presentation and flow diagram, an overview is provided on how to systematically evaluate and treat the bronchial arteries, which are responsible for hemoptysis in 90% of cases. Treatment options for recurrent hemoptysis and definitive management are discussed, highlighting the role of bronchial artery embolization for recurrent hemoptysis.
Fatal childhood injuries in Finland between 1971 and 2017
Authors: Parkkari Jari , Mattila Ville M. , Niemi Seppo , Kannus Pekka
Published: April 2020

Background

The injury mortality rates around the globe show considerable country-to-country differences and the rates have decreased at very different speeds. In Finland, the proportion of total mortality attributed to injuries has been one of the highest in the European Union. The purpose of the present study was to examine the 47-year nationwide trend and the male to female ratio in the number and incidence of fatal injuries among 0 to 14-year-old children in Finland.

Methods

The data were obtained from the Official Cause-of-Death Statistics of Finland during 1971–2017. The main categories for unintentional injury deaths were road traffic injuries, water traffic injuries, falls, drownings, and poisonings. For intentional injury deaths, the main categories were suicides and homicides.

Results

In 1971, there were 109 fatal injuries in girls and 207 in boys, while in 2017, these numbers had reduced to 9 and 12. The corresponding incidences (per 100,000 children per year) were 20.1 and 2.1 for girls, and 36.7 and 2.6 for boys, respectively. During the study period overall male to female injury incidence ratio decreased from 1.8 to 1.2. The greatest decline occurred in the number of fatal motor vehicle injuries. In 1971, the incidence of intentional deaths (suicides and homicides) was 2.6 in girls and 2.7 in boys, while in 2017 these numbers were 0.9 and 0.4, respectively.

Conclusions

This nationwide study confirms that the number and incidence rates of childhood injury deaths have reduced till current days and are already below the average in Europe.
Radiomics analysis of contrast-enhanced CT predicts lymphovascular invasion and disease outcome in gastric cancer: a preliminary study
Authors: Chen Xiaofeng , Yang Zhiqi , Yang Jiada , Liao Yuting , Pang Peipei , Fan Weixiong , Chen Xiangguang
Published: April 2020

Background

To determine whether radiomics features based on contrast-enhanced CT (CECT) can preoperatively predict lymphovascular invasion (LVI) and clinical outcome in gastric cancer (GC) patients.

Methods

In total, 160 surgically resected patients were retrospectively analyzed, and seven predictive models were constructed. Three radiomics predictive models were built from radiomics features based on arterial (A), venous (V) and combination of two phase (A + V) images. Then, three Radscores (A-Radscore, V-Radscore and A + V-Radscore) were obtained. Another four predictive models were constructed by the three Radscores and clinical risk factors through multivariate logistic regression. A nomogram was developed to predict LVI by incorporating A + V-Radscore and clinical risk factors. Kaplan-Meier curve and log-rank test were utilized to analyze the outcome of LVI.

Results

Radiomics related to tumor size and intratumoral inhomogeneity were the top-ranked LVI predicting features. The related Radscores showed significant differences according to LVI status (P < 0.01). Univariate logistic analysis identified three clinical features (T stage, N stage and AJCC stage) and three Radscores as LVI predictive factors. The Clinical-Radscore (namely, A + V + C) model that used all these factors showed a higher performance (AUC = 0.856) than the clinical (namely, C, including T stage, N stage and AJCC stage) model (AUC = 0.810) and the A + V-Radscore model (AUC = 0.795) in the train cohort. For patients without LVI and with LVI, the median progression-free survival (PFS) was 11.5 and 8.0 months (P < 0.001),and the median OS was 20.2 and 17.0 months (P = 0.3), respectively. In the Clinical-Radscore-predicted LVI absent and LVI present groups, the median PFS was 11.0 and 8.0 months (P = 0.03), and the median OS was 20.0 and 18.0 months (P = 0.05), respectively. N stage, LVI status and Clinical-Radscore-predicted LVI status were associated with disease-specific recurrence or mortality.

Conclusions

Radiomics features based on CECT may serve as potential markers to successfully predict LVI and PFS, but no evidence was found that these features were related to OS. Considering that it is a single central study, multi-center validation studies will be required in the future to verify its clinical feasibility.
Usefulness of glycated albumin as a predictor of mortality in chronic hemodialysis patients with diabetes: a multi-center, prospective cohort study
Authors: Hanai Ko , Akamatsu Makoto , Fujimori Aki , Higashi Harumichi , Horie Yumiko , Itaya Yoshiaki , Ito Minoru , Kanamaru Tomoko , Kawaguchi Hiroshi , Kikuchi Kan , Kobayashi Hideo , Komatsu Machiko , Kubota Takao , Kudo Kenichi , Kurihara Satoshi , Masakane Ikuto , Mera Junichiro , Mizuiri Sonoo , Moriyama Kimiko , Nagasawa Junichiro , Nagata Sumiyo , Nakagawa Yoshihiko , Nakazato Satoshi , Nishi Takahiro , Noma Yoshihiko , Odaguchi Naoyuki , Okuno Senji , Osada Shiwori , Ozasa Hisashi , Sato Sumihiko , Sawada Tokihiko , Shimajiri Tsuyako , Shimamoto Yukiko , Suda Masakazu , Suzuki Toshihide , Suzuki Hiromichi , Takahashi Maki , Takahashi Hajime , Takahashi Toshimasa , Takebayashi Yoshihiro , Takeda Masanobu , Tamura Hiroyuki , Tanaka Yoshiko , Tokunaka Sohei , Tsuda Shinji , Ueda Mio , Yamaguchi Ichiro , Yamamoto Hirohisa , Uchigata Yasuko , Babazono Tetsuya
Published: April 2020

Background

The association of glycated albumin (GA) with mortality is unclear in chronic hemodialysis patients with diabetes. We investigated the usefulness of GA by comparing it with hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) in this patient population.

Research design and methods

This was a multi-center, prospective cohort study of 841 Japanese chronic hemodialysis patients with diabetes. There were 235 women and 606 men included, with a mean age of 64 years. The primary and secondary endpoints were the incidence of all-cause and cause-specific mortality, respectively. The hazard ratios of GA and HbA1c for the endpoints were estimated using the values at baseline and during the study period.

Results

During the mean follow-up period of 3.1 years, there were 184 deceased cases, in which 30 and 154 resulted from atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) and non-ASCVD, respectively. The hazard ratio for a 1% increase in GA was 1.033 (95% confidence interval 1.006–1.060, p = 0.017) for all-cause mortality with a statistical significance when GA was treated as a time dependent variable, but not when the baseline levels or the mean levels during the follow-up period were used in the analysis (p = 0.815 and 0.517, respectively). GA was a significant predictor for ASCVD-related mortality in the above 3 models, but was not for non-ASCVD mortality. Higher levels of HbA1c were only associated with ASCVD-related mortality when HbA1c was treated as a time-dependent variable.

Conclusions

GA may be useful compared to HbA1c for predicting all-cause and ASCVD-related mortality in Japanese patients with diabetes undergoing chronic hemodialysis.
An update on angiogenesis targeting in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Micaily Ida , Johnson Jennifer , Argiris Athanassios
Published: April 2020

Angiogenesis is an integral aspect of the growth and proliferation of solid tumors, including head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), and has potential implications in prognosis and treatment of both localized and recurrent/metastatic HNSCC. Therefore, there has been a significant interest in utilizing anti-angiogenic agents either alone or in combination with currently approved and emerging therapies. A phase III randomized trial (E1305) of chemotherapy with or without bevacizumab in the first-line treatment of recurrent/metastatic HNSCC showed an increased response rate and longer progression-free survival but fell short in demonstrating a statistically significant improved survival with bevacizumab. Moreover, toxicity, especially bleeding, was increased. Nevertheless, the study of other anti-angiogenic agents and novel combinations with other therapies, including immunotherapy, remains of interest. Several clinical trials are currently underway.
Exploring the effects of geographic scale on spatial learning
Authors: Zhao Jiayan , Simpson Mark , Wallgrün Jan Oliver , Sajjadi Pejman , Klippel Alexander
Published: April 2020

Background

Investigating the relationship between the human body and its spatial environment is a critical component in understanding the process of acquiring spatial knowledge. However, few empirical evaluations have looked at how the visual accessibility of an environment affects spatial learning. To address this gap, this paper focuses on geographic scale, defined as the spatial extent visually accessible from a single viewpoint. We present two experiments in which we manipulated geographic scale using two perspectives, a ground level and an elevated view, in order to better understand the scale effect on spatial learning. Learning outcomes were measured using estimates of direction and self-reports of mental workload.

Results

In contrast to our hypothesis, we found few differences in spatial learning when comparing different perspectives. However, our analysis of pointing errors shows a significant interaction effect between the scale and spatial ability: The elevated perspective reduced the differences in pointing errors between low and high spatial ability participants in contrast to when participants learned the environment at ground level alone. Bimodal pointing distributions indicate that participants made systematic errors, for example, forgetting turns or segments. Modeling these errors revealed a unified alternative representation of the environment and further suggests that low spatial ability participants benefited more from the elevated perspective in terms of spatial learning compared to high spatial ability participants.

Conclusions

We conclude that an increased geographic scale, which was accessible through an elevated perspective in this study, can help bridge the performance gap in spatial learning between low and high spatial ability participants.
Addressing power dynamics in community-engaged research partnerships
Authors: Andress Lauri , Hall Tristen , Davis Sheila , Levine Judith , Cripps Kimberly , Guinn Dominique
Published: April 2020

Background

Successful community-engaged research depends on the quality of the collaborative partnerships between community -members and academic researchers and may take several forms depending on the purpose which dictates the degree to which power dynamics are handled within the collaborative arrangement.

Methods

To understand the power dynamics and related concepts within community-engaged research arrangements, a secondary analysis of an existing qualitative data set was undertaken. Two models of community-engaged research, a review of literature, and the applied experiences of researchers familiar with community engagement practices confirmed the power dynamics concepts used to carry out the analysis of the qualitative data set according to the principles of directed content analysis. This analysis yielded quotes on power dynamics and related issues. Tools to address the power dynamics exposed by the quotes were selected using the literature and lived experience of the researchers. Finally, to ensure trustworthiness, the selected quotes on power dynamics and the recommended tools were subjected to naturalistic treatment using peer debriefings and triangulation.

Results

Analysis of existing qualitative data made clear that community-engaged research between health practitioners and communities may take several forms depending on the purpose and dictate how power dynamics, including inequities, biases, discrimination, racism, rank and privilege, are handled within the collaborative arrangement. Three tools including implicit bias training, positionality, and structural competency may be used to address power dynamics and related concepts.

Conclusion

Analysis of the qualitative data set highlighted the power dynamics within different community-engaged research models and the tools that may be used to address inequitable power dynamics including implicit bias training, positionality, and structural competency.
Functional outcome of joint mobilization added to task-oriented training on hand function in chronic stroke patients
Authors: Sabbah Asmaa , El Mously Sherine , Elgendy Hanan Helmy Mohamed , Farag Mona Adel Abd Eltawab , Elwishy Abeer Abo Bakr
Published: April 2020

Background

Approximately half of stroke patients show impaired upper limb and hand function. Task-oriented training focuses on functional tasks, while joint mobilization technique aims to restore the accessory movements of the joints.

Objective

To investigate the effect of adding joint mobilization to task-oriented training to help the patients in reaching a satisfactory level of recovery for their hand function.

Patients and methods

Thirty chronic stroke patients with paretic hand participated in the study; they were divided equally into study and control groups. The study group received joint mobilization followed by task-oriented training for the affected hand. Meanwhile, the control group received task-oriented training only. Both groups received their treatment in the form of 3 sessions per week for 6 successive weeks. The primary outcome measures were hand function that was assessed by Jebsen-Taylor hand function test (JTT) and active and passive wrist extension range of motion (ROM) that was measured by a standard goniometer. The secondary outcome measure was the grip strength of the hand that was assessed by a JAMAR adjustable hand dynamometer.

Results

There was a significant improvement in all the outcome measurements in both groups that were more evident in the study group.

Conclusion

Combining joint mobilization with task-oriented training had a highly significant effect in improving the hand function in chronic stroke patients compared to task-oriented training alone.
High-output chyloperitoneum following laparoscopic Nissen fundoplication treated with retrograde transvenous thoracic duct embolization
Authors: Rott Gernot , Boecker Frieder
Published: April 2020

Background

Iatrogenic injury of the thoracic duct with clinical significant chyloperitoneum is a rare complication of abdominal surgery. Chyloperitoneum following laparoscopic Nissen fundoplication has been described in a few cases only. Most interventionists use the antegrade transperitoneal approach for thoracic duct embolization.

Case presentation

A 61-year-old woman had been operated with laparoscopic Nissen fundoplication and hiatoplasty. A few weeks later she presented with high-output chyloperitoneum due to large leakage of the proximal thoracic duct. Conservative treatment and conventional transnodal lymphangiography did not result in a significant improvement. Thoracic duct embolization via retrograde transvenous access was challenging but both technically and clinically successful.

Conclusion

To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case-report about thoracic duct embolization with retrograde transvenous access in the rare situation of chylous ascites following laparoscopic fundoplication. Thoracic duct embolization with the seldom used retrograde transvenous access may be the more physiologic and safer route in doing this and might be used as treatment of first choice.
Towards complete deconstruction of cotton transcriptional landscape
Authors: LI Fuguang
Published: April 2020

Recently, Wang et al. systematically explored the transcription landscape in diploid cotton Gossypium arboreum. In the study, they integrated four high-throughput sequencing techniques, including Pacbio sequencing, strand-specific RNA sequencing (ssRNA-seq), Cap analysis gene expression sequencing (CAGE-seq), and PolyA sequencing (PolyA-seq) to profile the RNA transcriptome of G. arboreum. They developed a pipeline, IGIA to construct accurate gene structure annotation based on the updated genome of G. arboreum and the multi-strategic RNA-seq data. Their study revealed some intriguing phenomena and potential novel mechanisms in the regulation of RNA transcription in plants, and also provided valuable resources for further functional genomic research in cotton.
Microbiota characterization of Exaiptasia diaphana from the Great Barrier Reef
Authors: Hartman Leon Michael , van Oppen Madeleine Josephine Henriette , Blackall Linda Louise
Published: April 2020

Background

Coral reefs have sustained damage of increasing scale and frequency due to climate change, thereby intensifying the need to elucidate corals’ biological characteristics, including their thermal tolerance and microbial symbioses. The sea anemone, Exaiptasia diaphana, has proven an ideal coral model for many studies due to its close phylogenetic relationship and shared traits, such as symbiosis with algae of the family Symbiodiniaceae. However, established E. diaphana clonal lines are not available in Australia thus limiting the ability of Australian scientists to conduct research with this model. To help address this, the bacterial and Symbiodiniaceae associates of four Great Barrier Reef (GBR)-sourced E. diaphana genotypes established in laboratory aquaria and designated AIMS1–4, and from proxies of wild GBR E. diaphana were identified by metabarcoding of the bacterial 16S rRNA gene and eukaryotic rRNA gene ITS2 region. The relationship between AIMS1–4 and their bacterial associates was investigated, as was bacterial community phenotypic potential. Existing data from two existing anemone clonal lines, CC7 and H2, were included for comparison.

Results

Overall, 2238 bacterial amplicon sequence variants (ASVs) were observed in the AIMS1–4 bacterial communities, which were dominated by Proteobacteria and Bacteroidetes, together comprising > 90% relative abundance. Although many low abundance bacterial taxa varied between the anemone genotypes, the AIMS1–4 communities did not differ significantly. A significant tank effect was identified, indicating an environmental effect on the microbial communities. Bacterial community richness was lower in all lab-maintained E. diaphana compared to the wild proxies, suggesting a reduction in bacterial diversity and community phenotypic potential due to culturing. Seventeen ASVs were common to every GBR lab-cultured anemone, however five were associated with the Artemia feedstock, making their specific association to E. diaphana uncertain. The dominant Symbiodiniaceae symbiont in all GBR anemones was Breviolum minutum.

Conclusion

Despite differences in the presence and abundance of low abundance taxa, the bacterial communities of GBR-sourced lab-cultured E. diaphana are generally uniform and comparable to communities reported for other lab-cultured E. diaphana. The data presented here add to the global E. diaphana knowledge base and make an important contribution to the establishment of a GBR-sourced coral model organism.
Inflammation-related gene polymorphisms associated with Parkinson’s disease: an updated meta-analysis
Authors: Ulhaq Zulvikar Syambani , Garcia Cristian Peinado
Published: April 2020

Background

Strong evidence supports the involvement of inflammation processes in the development and progression of Parkinson’s disease (PD), where increasingly correlations have been identified between genetic variations in inflammation-related genes and PD. However, data varies between studies. Therefore, we conducted a meta-analysis to clarify associations between inflammation-related gene polymorphisms and PD risk.

Methods

All studies were identified through online databases. Pooled and stratified groups based on racial descent were assembled to evaluate associations between polymorphisms and PD.

Results

The pooled results showed that protective effects for PD were observed for (1) IL-1α -889 C/T in Asian populations (T vs. C, OR = 0.831, P = 0.031; TT + CT vs. CC, OR = 0.827, P = 0.049); (2) IL-6 -176 G/C in Caucasian populations (CC + GC vs. GG, OR = 0.656, P = 0.000; GC vs. GG, OR = 0.673, P = 0.000); (3) IL-8 -251 A/T (T vs. A, OR = 0.812, P = 0.041; TT vs. AT + AA, OR = 0.663, P = 0.012), particularly in Caucasian populations (TT vs. AT + AA, OR = 0.639, P = 0.010); (4) IL-10 -819 T/C (C vs. T, OR = 0.742, P = 0.034); (5) IL-18 -607 C/A (AA + CA vs. CC, OR = 0.597, P = 0.015; CA vs. CC, OR = 0.534, P = 0.005), and (6) CCR2 +190 G/A (AA vs. GA + GG, OR = 0.552, P = 0.018; AA vs. GG; OR = 0.554; 95% CI 0.336–0.914, P = 0.005). An increased risk of PD was associated with IL-10 -1082 G/A in Asian populations (A vs. G, OR = 1.731, P = 0.000; AA + GA vs. GG, OR = 1.910, P = 0.000). No significant associations with PD were observed for polymorphisms in IL-1β -511 C/T, IL-10 -592 C/A, IL-18 -137 G/C, TNFα -863 C/A, TNFα -857 C/T, TNFα -308 G/A, IFNΥ +874 T/A, and MCP1/CCL2 +2518 A/G.

Conclusions

We suggest that IL-1α -889, IL-6 -176, IL-8 -251, IL-10 -1082, IL-10 -819, IL-18 -607, and CCR2 +190 polymorphisms may be associated with PD risk; however, further studies must verify these conclusions.
Anticancer effects induced by artichoke extract in oral squamous carcinoma cell lines
Authors: Hassabou Nadia Fathy , Farag Amina Fouad
Published: April 2020

Background

Oral squamous cell carcinoma is occupying the eighth position of all malignant neoplasia worldwide. Nowadays, natural compounds found in vegetables and fruits are important resources of many anticancer drugs especially those with high levels of phytochemicals representing an efficient strategy for cancer prevention and treatment. Artichoke (Cynara cardunculus L.) is a kind of antioxidant-rich vegetables demonstrated a potential anticancer activity on various types of cancer cells related to its content of phenolic compounds. Anticarcinogenic effects of polyphenolic extracts were reported to cause a reduction in cell viability, inhibition of cell growth, and initiation of apoptotic mechanisms. The present study aimed to investigate the cell cycle arrest, cytotoxic, and apoptotic effects of artichoke extract against the invasive oral squamous cell carcinoma.

Results

A pure extract from the edible part and leaves of fresh artichoke was added to oral squamous carcinoma cell lines and to control group to evaluate the expression of caspase-9, Bcl-2, and Bax genes. Artichoke extract demonstrated the highest cytotoxic effect against cancer cell lines which increased in a time-dependent manner. No apparent effects were observed in the normal control group. Expression of Bax and caspase-9 genes revealed a highly significant increase in cancer cell lines (p = 0.0001) when compared to the control group. In addition to a highly significant decrease (p = 0.005) in Bcl-2 of cancer cells. It was demonstrated that artichoke extract induced cell growth arrest at G2/M phase which revealed a significant increase (p < 0.05) in comparison to the untreated control group.

Conclusion

Artichoke exerts potent cell cycle arrest, cytotoxic, and apoptotic effects on oral squamous carcinoma cell lines.

Graphical abstract
Editorial
Authors: Valarmathi Sharon
Published: April 2020

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Impediments to Corporate Entrepreneurship
Authors: Nyanga Takupiwa
Published: April 2020

Corporate entrepreneurship plays a critical role in organizational systems. The study explored the challenges faced by corporate entrepreneurs in developing economies. The qualitative study revealed that corporate entrepreneurship in small and large corporations encounters impediments that hinder the generation of new ideas and lead to stagnation. The major impediments are corporate culture, unavailability of material and financial resources, fear of the unknown, incompetent employees, unavailability of corporate entrepreneurship legislation and policies, lack of goodwill and support from management and risk adversity on the part of the board of directors, management and employees.
Alternative Dispute Resolution in SMEs in the Construction Industry in Masvingo Urban, Zimbabwe
Authors: Herbert Tavengahama Tafara , Mashavira Nhamo , Nyanga Takupiwa , Ernest Muchadenyika Chakanaka
Published: April 2020

Dispute handling may present particular problems for SMEs. The research explored the Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR) methods used in SMEs and their implications on the performance of SMEs in the construction industry in Zimbabwe. The study revealed that collective bargaining and negotiation are the main ADR methods used in the SMEs while conciliation and arbitration are utilized externally at NEC and the ministry of labour. It was also noted that most SMEs do not have established ADR structures and collective bargaining and negotiation had an impact on employee performance.  Collective Bargaining, Conciliation and Adjudication
The Impact of IT Investment on Firm Performance in Bangladesh
Authors: Mizanur Rahman Mohammad , Ferdaous Jannatul
Published: April 2020

Using the RBV as a theoretical backdrop, the study is intended to begin the line of inquiry: Do IT asset matter and improve the firm performance? This inductive research used panel data estimation technique for unbalanced panel data to measure, describe, and analyze the firm performance. The results reveal a mixed behavioral effect of IT asset on firm performance. The positive influence of IT asset on firm performance suggests that a firm should invest to develop IT infrastructure in order to effectively promote firm IT capability and performance. However, the inverse relationship between IT asset and firm performance suggests that IT intensive stocks are not performing well in the stock market of Bangladesh. The study explains the IT asset’s contribution to firm performance from RBV perspective in the context of Bangladesh as well as extends the literature in this field.
Components of Total Factor Productivity Growth of the 2-Digit Manufacturing Industries in Karnataka: A Stochastic Frontier Approach
Authors: Kumar Roy Prasanta , Kumar Jana Sebak , Nayek Devkumar
Published: April 2020

The study estimates the sources of total factor productivity growth (TFPG) of the 2-digit manufacturing industries in Karnataka during the period from 1981-82 to 2010-11, during the entire study period, during the pre & post reform period (1981-82 to 1990-91 and 1991-92 to 2010-11) and also during two different decades of the post-reform period, i.e., during 1991-92 to 2000-01 and 2001-02 to 2010-11 using stochastic frontier approach. Technological progress is found to be the major driving force of TFPG and the decline in TFPG of the state’s manufacturing industries during the post-reform period is mainly accounted for by the decline in technological progress (TP) of the same during that period.
Customer Profiling of Alpha
Authors: Rani Thomas Mary , Madiya Amanu , MP Shivani
Published: April 2020

Alpha generation plays a significant role in today’s market as firms are supposed to accumulate and store enormous data for better selling. Alpha is the customer next who needs to be targeted by the producers as they tend to influence their parent’s decision making. Literature suggests that Alpha Generation will influence the buying patterns, technology, education, markets, and other factors of the economy, but this fact is still at its infancy stage and under-researched. Adapting the framework of social learning theory, the current paper attempts to capture and compile the traits posed by Alpha Generation predominantly in the field of marketing.
Représentation de la réalité et la post-vérité en traduction
Authors: Jerzy Brzozowski
Published: April 2020

Translation in the Post-truth Era

The paper discusses six examples of “indulgence with the truth” in some recent translations in the fields of literature (Lewis Carrol, Jose Carlos Somoza), film (the “Fawlty Towers” series translated into Spanish), mass communication (« Eurodiagnostic »), Bible “inclusive” translation and a case of legal translation. The author aims to show that, perhaps, such translator’s inventions, manipulations or distortions of the original texts are currently more frequent in the so called Post-truth era than they used to be in the past.
Les conceptualisations contemporaines de l’activité de traduction élaborées par les responsables d’entreprises de traduction françaises
Authors: Anna Kuźnik
Published: April 2020

Contemporary Conceptualisations of Translation Activity Proposed by Representatives of French Translation Enterprises In this article, we examine to what extent the traditional conceptualisation of translation activity, i.e. the interlingual translation, has been enriched recently by elements of intralingual and intersemiotic translation. In the exploratory stage of the study, carried out in the late 2015, interviews with representatives of five French translation enterprises were analysed. The study reveals elements that demand an enlargement of the concept of translation: new transcreation service, audiovisual translation assignments and need for reformulating poorly written texts before translation.
La traduction de l’onomatopée dans les livres pour les tout-petits : la relation texte-image-son
Authors: Natalia Paprocka  , Justyna Wesoła
Published: April 2020

The Translation of Onomatopoeia in Early-concept Books: The Text-Image-Sound Relationship

The purpose of the study is to observe the functioning of onomatopoeia in the translation of picture books for young children (under three years old). The textual, visual and sound layers remain strongly interdependent in these books, and their conception is often based on onomatopoeia, which is connected to the development of language in children.Taking Soledad Bravi’s Le Livre des bruits and its Spanish and Polish translations as an example, we distinguished several translation problems related to (1) the need to give the onomatopoeia a written form in the target language, (2) the independence of their pronunciation from their written form, and (3) the interdependence of picture and onomatopoeia in terms of meaning. Furthermore, we observed that some onomatopoeia were perceived by adult readers as representations of negative stereotypes in terms of children education, which resulted in a kind of “pedagogical control” on their behalf.
Réflexions sur la traduction du jeu vidéo en tant que nouveau média de représentation littéraire
Authors: Anna Sarapuk
Published: April 2020

Reflections on Video Games Translation as a Literary Representation in the New Media

Large-scale development of video games can be considered as a somewhat new phenomena, even though video games have been gaining more and more adepts during the last few decades. Since the very beginning, videogames have sought for inspiration in literature, with games such as “The Hobbit” released in 1986 on Amstrad CPC. Back then, it was a raw media that didn’t offer much possibilities to the players as well as to the developers. Today, millions of people – not to say billions – play videogames in the entire world. Technologies related to videogames development are more and more complex. Now, the player doesn’t only have to complete simple objectives like with arcade cabinets back in the 1970’s. He can control complex characters and have them evolve in rich environments. Videogame universes are often based on literature, and thus become a representation of literature that has to consider every aspect of the works it interprets: graphisms (sets and characters), music, gameplay, but also language, the main area of interest for translators. We look into the games ABC Murders and The Witcher III in order to examine different aspects of books transcribed in videogames and their inter-semiotic and interlingual translation.
Traduire dans des conditions difficiles
Authors: Aleksandra Stodolna
Published: April 2020

Translating in Difficult Conditions. The Text–Picture Relations in Audiovisual Translation: The Case of Subtitling As an audio-visual translator, I often encounter situations where the image visible on the screen (stage, prop, actor’s face, etc.) forces me to make a specific translation decision. There are also cases where the combination of image, sound and dialogue makes the text almost untranslatable, as its relation (which in addition can be culture-bound and include humour, idioms, metaphors, or wordplay) with other elements of the piece is so close that one faces a difficult choice – either to generalise (remove the problematic elements) or exotise the text so much that will become incomprehensible to the viewer. This article presents selected problems faced by audiovisual translators and which are associated with complex text-image relations; it shall also discuss strategies that translators can use to solve these problems. Examples illustrating these strategies have been drawn from American and French films and series.
Spectral Properties of Sign Patterns
Authors: Cavers Michael , Fischer Jonathan , Vander Meulen Kevin N.
Published: April 2020

In this paper, an infinite family of irreducible sign patterns that are spectrally arbitrary, for which the nilpotent-Jacobian method does not apply, is given. It is demonstrated that it is possible for an irreducible sign pattern to be refined inertially arbitrary and not spectrally arbitrary. It is observed that not every nonzero spectrally arbitrary pattern has a signing which is spectrally arbitrary. It is also shown that every superpattern of the reducible pattern $\T_2 \oplus \T_2$ is spectrally arbitrary.
2D/3D graphene on h-BN interlayer-silicon solar cell with ZnO:Al buffer layer and enormous light captivation using Au/Ag NPs
Authors: Jabeen Maria , Haxha Shyqyri
Published: April 2020

In this paper, systematic design and analysis of thin-film graphene-silicon solar cells with the addition of an anti-reflection coating (ARC), hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) interlayer and decorated with Au/Ag NPs infused in rear ZnO:Al buffer layer is reported. The 3D NPs are located on the top and rear side of the solar cell. Initially, we simulated a reference 2D graphene-silicon solar cell with highest simulated short circuit current density (Jsc) 30mA/ cm2 and power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 10.65%. Using 2D and 3D full vectorial finite element method (FVFEM) simulations, we significantly improved the Jsc by 6.2mA/ cm2 from 30mA/cm2 to 36.21mA/cm2 and PCE from 10.93% to 12.03%. We utilized a patterned graphene sheet with small nanoholes to increase surface and optical conductivity. Plasmonic NPs embedded in a graphene-silicon solar cell to increase plasmonic resonance effects is investigated. The 3D position of the patterned graphene, rear buffer layer stack, size, shape, and periodicity of NPs were well-controlled and analyzed under certain parametric variation conditions. Ag NPs located inside textured ZnO:Al detached to metal contact and small periodic Au NPs decorated beneath a h-BN interlayer lead to highly efficient light confinement and increase photon current generation. The proposed device exhibits 12.03% PCE, maximum light absorption over 80% and high overall quantum efficiency (QE). Furthermore, this structure offers major light trapping advantages, including significant EM light propagation throughout the solar cell structure.
Mode-locked and Q-switched mode-locked fiber laser based on a ferroferric-oxide nanoparticles saturable absorber
Authors: Cheng Peiyun , Du Yueqing , Han Mengmeng , Shu Xuewen
Published: April 2020

We demonstrated an ultrafast erbium-doped fiber laser (EDFL) based on ferroferric-oxide (Fe3O4) nanoparticles as a saturable absorber (SA). The investigated SA was based on magnetic fluid deposited on the end face of a fiber ferrule connector. When the SA was inserted into an EDFL cavity, a stable 2.93 ps mode-locked pulse can be achieved by adjusting the intra-cavity polarization controller. The pulse had a central wavelength of 1572.39 nm and a 3 dB bandwidth of 1.39 nm. We also obtained Q-switched mode-locked pulses at 1593.4 nm. The repetition frequency and the temporal width of the Q-switched pulse envelope varied with the pump power. When the pump power reached 225 mW, the maximum average output power and the pulse envelope energy were up to 4.51 mW and 235.5 nJ. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time that mode-locked and Q-switched mode-locked pulses have been obtained in a fiber laser based on Fe3O4nanoparticles.
Enhanced third-harmonic generation induced by nonlinear field resonances in plasmonic-graphene metasurfaces
Authors: Liu Yulian , Zhu Shan , Zhou Qingjia , Cao Yanyan , Fu Yangyang , Gao Lei , Chen Huanyang , Xu Yadong
Published: April 2020

Nonlinear metasurfaces offer new paradigm for boosting optical effect beyond limitations of conventional materials. In this work, we present an alternative way to produce pronounced third-harmonic generation (THG) based on nonlinear field resonances rather than linear field enhancement, which is a typical strategy for achieving a strong nonlinear response. By designing and studying a nonlinear plasmonic-graphene metasurface at terahertz regime with hybrid-guided modes and bound states in the continuum modes, it is found that a THG with a narrow bandwidth can be observed, thanks to the strong resonance generated between a weak THG field and these modes. Such strong nonlinear field resonance greatly enhances the photon-photon interactions, thus resulting in a large effective nonlinear coefficient of the whole system. This finding provides new opportunity for studying nonlinear optical metasurfaces.
Ge-rich graded SiGe waveguides and interferometers from 5 to 11 µm wavelength range
Authors: Montesinos-Ballester Miguel , Vakarin Vladyslav , Liu Qiankun , Le Roux Xavier , Frigerio Jacopo , Ballabio Andrea , Barzaghi Andrea , Alonso-Ramos Carlos , Vivien Laurent , Isella Giovanni , Marris-Morini Delphine
Published: April 2020

The mid-infrared (mid-IR) wavelength range hosts unique vibrational and rotational resonances of a broad variety of substances that can be used to unambiguously detect the molecular composition in a non-intrusive way. Mid-IR photonic-integrated circuits (PICs) are thus expected to have a major impact in many applications. Still, new challenges are posed by the large spectral width required to simultaneously identify many substances using the same photonic circuit. Ge-rich graded SiGe waveguides have been proposed as a broadband platform approach for mid-IR PICs. In this work, ultra-broadband waveguides are experimentally demonstrated within unprecedented wavelength range, efficiently guiding light from 5 to 11 µm. Interestingly, losses from 0.5 to 1.2 dB/cm are obtained between 5.1 and 8 µm wavelength, and values below 3 dB/cm are measured from 9.5 to 11.2 µm wavelength. An increase of propagation losses is seen between 8 and 9.5 µm; however, values stay below 4.6 dB/cm in the entire wavelength range. A detailed analysis of propagation losses is reported, supported by secondary ion mass spectrometry measurement, and different contributions are analyzed: silicon substrate absorption, oxygen impurities, free carrier absorption by residual doping, sidewall roughness and multiphonon absorption. Finally, Mach-Zehnder interferometers are characterized, and wideband operation is experimentally obtained from 5.5 to 10.5 µm wavelength.
Continuous-wave electrically injected GaN-on-Si microdisk laser diodes
Authors: Wang Jin , Feng Meixin , Zhou Rui , Sun Qian , Liu Jianxun , Sun Xiujian , Zheng Xinhe , Ikeda Masao , Sheng Xing , Yang Hui
Published: April 2020

Silicon photonics has been calling for an electrically pumped on-chip light source at room temperature for decades. A GaN-based microdisk laser diode with whispering gallery modes grown on Si is a promising candidate for compact on-chip light source. By suppressing the unintentional incorporation of carbon impurity in the p-type AlGaN cladding layer of the laser, we have significantly reduced the operation voltage and threshold current of the GaN-on-Si microdisk laser. Meanwhile the radius of the microdisk laser was shrunk to 8 µm to lower the thermal power. The overall junction temperature of the microdisk laser was effectively reduced. As a result, the first continuous-wave electrically pumped InGaN-based microdisk laser grown on Si was achieved at room temperature.
Autofocusing method for a digital fringe projection system with dual projectors
Authors: Zhong Min , Hu Xiaowei , Chen Feng , Xiao Chao , Peng Duan , Zhang Song
Published: April 2020

This paper presents a novel technique to achieve autofocusing for a three-dimensional (3D) profilometry system with dual projectors. The proposed system uses a camera that is attached with an electronically focus-tunable lens (ETL) that allows dynamic change of camera’s focal plane such that the camera can focus on the object; the camera captures fringe patterns projected by each projector to establish corresponding points between two projectors, and two pre-calibrated projectors form triangulation for 3D reconstruction. We pre-calibrate the relationship between the depth and the current being used for each focal plane, perform a 3D shape measurement with an unknown focus level, and calculate the desired current value based on the initial 3D result. We developed a prototype system that can automatically focus on an object positioned between 450 mm to 850 mm.
Genetic polymorphisms of fecundity genes in Watish Sudanese desert sheep
Authors: Mohamed Sara E. Ibrahim , Ahmed Romaz M. , Jawasreh Khaleel I. Z. , Salih M. A. M. , Abdelhalim Dalia Mursi , Abdelgadir A. W. , Obeidat Md. T. , Musa L. M. A. , Ahmed Mohammed-Khair A.
Published: April 2020

Background and Aim: The Watish sheep is a strain of desert sheep of smaller size compared to other desert sheep ecotypes, and there is anecdotal evidence that it is endowed with high litter size. The present study was designed for screening for polymorphisms in the known fecundity genes (bone morphogenetic protein receptor type 1B A<G in exon 6, bone morphogenetic protein 15 (BMP15) (FecXB, FecXG, FecXH, and FecXI) in exon2, growth differentiation factor 9 (GDF9) – G1 in exon1 and G8 in exon2 and PRLG<A in intron2) and their association with litter size in Watish.

Materials and Methods: The study involved 156 Watish ewes of 2-6 years of age, along with data on litter size in the first, second, and third parity from Sinnar state and contiguous Blue Nile State. Genomic DNA was isolated and genotyped using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism. Allele and genotype frequencies were calculated by direct counting. Chi-square test for goodness of fit was performed for agreement with Hardy-Weinberg expectations and association testing.

Results: The results demonstrated that all individuals were non-carriers for the target mutations of FecB, BMP15 (FecXB, FecXH, and FecXI), and GDF9-G8. With regard to the GDF9-G1 gene, the genotypic frequencies were 0.07% (G+) and 0.93% (++), in FecXG gene they were 0.993% (++) and 0.006% (B+), in PRL gene 0.516(++), 0.347(B+), and 0.137(BB). The Chi-square test showed a non-significant association between ewe's type of birth and the detected mutations genotypes.

Conclusion: These results preliminarily indicated that GDF9-G1, BMP15 (FecXG), and PRL genes might have had some contribution for improving litter size in Watish Sudanese sheep. However, further studies using larger samples are needed to detect the effects of those mutations on Watish sheep litter size.
Headache Associated with Chiari Malformation Type One
Authors: seddeg yasser , Awad Ali , Osman Haytham
Published: April 2020

Patients with chiari malformation type one ( CM -1 ) headache may be mistaken by chronic migraines or other causes of headache, so analysis of headache related to CM-1 is corner stone in early diagnosis of the disease.

The purpose of this study was to assess the frequency and clinical characteristics of headache in the patients with CM-1 to help primary care clinicians better understand the relationship between an individual's presenting symptoms of CM 1, so aiding for early diagnosis and early management and for better outcome.

This was prospective observational analytical study carried out in Khartoum state hospitals that provide neurosurgical services, (NCNS, Neurospine Center-Ribat Teaching Hospital, Military Hospital, and Omdurman Teaching Hospital) from February 2018- September 2019.

Study was included
18 adult males and females of different ages diagnosed with Chiari MF -1 who undergoing decompressive surgery.

Symptomatic patients diagnosed with Chiari MF -1Patients with no history of neurological illnesses or history of cranial surgery were included.

Patients with history of any neurological diseases such as multiple sclerosis and with other causes of headache were excluded from the study.

Evaluation and full analysis of headache were registered including type of headache, site, duration headache, time lasting, radiation of pain, severity using headache scale, associated ocular and visual symptoms.

This study included 18 patients diagnosed with chiari 1 malformation and suffering from headache related to chiari 1 malformation. Full analysis of the headache was obtained. The headache was mostly in the back of the head (n=17/18 , 94.4%) and only in (n=1/18, 5.6%), the headache was in the sides or front of the head. In 12 patients (n=12/18 , 66.7%) headache worsen by bending forward. And in 6 patients (n=6/18 , 33.3%) worsen by cough. Regarding the type of headache, mostly pressure in nature (n=17/18 , 94.4%) and it was rarely throbbing in nature(n=1/18, 5.6%),. All patients were asked to evaluate their headache in headache scale from 1 to 10 (10 more severe). The scale ranged between 5 and 9 with mean 6.88. headache could be long or short lasting (from hours to days).Eye symptoms included blurring of vision complained by 9 patients(n=9/18, 50%), light sensitivity in 5 patients ((n=5/18, 27.8%), and 6 patients (n=6/18 , 33.3%) there were no eye symptoms. Neck pain was a dominant symptom seen in 17 patients (n=17/18, 94.4%) , and back pain in 18 patients (n=18/18 , 100%) . headache subsided after decompression surgery in all patients included in this study.

Knowledge and understanding the CM-1 headache characters are important for early diagnosis and early treatment of the disease.
A Educação do Campo na rede pública de ensino do estado do Tocantins, Brasil (1999-2013)
Authors: Silva Cícero da , Suarte Letícia Brito de Oliveira , Leitão Rosângela Ribeiro de Sousa
Published: April 2020

Este artigo analisa as políticas públicas para a Educação do Campo executadas pela Secretaria de Estado da Educação e Cultura (SEDUC-TO) no estado do Tocantins, Brasil. A pesquisa, de natureza bibliográfica e documental, tem como principal fonte de dados documentos como projetos, relatórios e planilhas da referida instituição e também alguns outros disponíveis em sítios de órgãos oficiais, tais como: editais, normativas, projetos, resoluções, decretos e leis. Os resultados mostram que os principais programas do Governo brasileiro voltados à Educação do Campo foram desenvolvidos na rede pública de ensino tocantinense entre os anos 1999-2013, embora sejam caracterizados como ações pontuais.