bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dérouler le fil des liens hyptertextes : Les controverses au service de l'imaginaire journalistique
Authors: De Maeyer Juliette
Published: February 2020

Le lien hypertexte est une « technologie de l’esprit » encore peu stabilisée dans les pratiques du journalisme en ligne. Cet article retrace, dans une perspective sociohistorique, les discours métajournalistiques au sujet des liens hypertextes produits par les milieux anglo-saxons experts du journalisme en ligne. En explorant l’imaginaire technique et ses discours d’accompagnement, en déroulant le fil des controverses, il met en évidence que le lien est loin d’être un objet technique univoque : il interroge les processus de production journalistique, la place du journaliste et la construction de son autorité, la position des médias dans des systèmes concurrentiels, et les représentations du public. L’imaginaire journalistique, alimenté par les controverses, travaille l’autonomie journalistique qui, traversée par les mondes environnants, puise dans ceux-ci et se les réapproprie.
The Context of Content: The Impact of Source and Setting on the Credibility of News
Authors: Bakker Tom , Trilling Damian , De Vreese Claes , Helfer Luzia , Schönbach Klaus
Published: February 2020

Twitter, blogs and alternative news sites play an increasingly important role in the realm of news and journalism. Journalists often use Twitter to survey the public opinion and to gather information for their articles. At the same time, there has been an explosive growth of non-journalistic websites that have started to compete with professional news organizations for the attention from the audience. What do these trends mean for the credibility of news that citizens consume? In a survey-embedded experiment (N=1,979) we address this question by investigating argument credibility within news articles, varying the sources that are cited, the type of news outlet and the style of information gathering by the journalist. Confirming our hypothesis, the results show that arguments are more credible when experts are cited instead of random citizens. However, it appears that the credibility of arguments is judged the same, regardless of the type of online outlet (either the website of an interest group or the website of an independent quality newspaper). Further, arguments based on information from Twitter and based on face-to-face interviews are judged differently under specific conditions. The apparent indifference of citizens towards the origin and interests of information sources has significant democratic implications.
Emergence et diffusion d’items identitaires et culturels : le cas de la communauté en ligne 9GAG
Authors: Wagener Albin
Published: February 2020

Depuis 2008, le site communautaire 9gag rassemble des utilisateurs du monde entier en leur permettant de mettre en ligne des publications (images, vidéos, petites histoires) visibles par tous les internautes, sans se concentrer sur les relations entre utilisateurs. Les publications sont pour la plupart rédigées en anglais, afin de favoriser le développement du site et l'échange d'items culturels. Mais si certaines frontières sont effectivement franchies, c'est au prix d'une seule langue et d'éléments culturels majoritairement anglo-américaines. Ainsi, les publications dans d'autres langues se retrouvent critiquées par les utilisateurs, alors que certains pays ou groupes sont régulièrement la cible de moqueries. Dans cette perspective, on retrouve ici la prévalence des prédiscours (Paveau, 2006) et la reproduction d'items culturels (Enfield & Levinson, 2006) afin d'assurer une popularité maximale des publications. Notre analyse de cette communauté d'utilisateurs porte sur un corpus de 446 publications 9gag mises en ligne entre août et septembre 2012. A travers cette étude, nous souhaitons explorer deux questions : 1) est-il possible de rassembler plusieurs univers symboliques sans utiliser les mêmes références communes ou une même langue (Bucholz & Hall, 2005) ; 2) se pourrait-il que les références anglo-américaines ne soient plus la propriété de leur aire culturelle d'origine, mais qu'elles soient utilisées afin de constituer de nouveaux éléments de communalité (Lemieux, 2009) ? Au cours de cette analyse, nous garderons à l'esprit que la culture est ici utilisée comme excuse pour permettre l'effacement des différences (Dervin, 2011 ; Wagener, 2012) afin de construire une identité imaginée qui pourrait échapper aux troubles du monde en dehors d'internet (Boudon, 2005).
Faire monde commun. Du discours à l’acte
Authors: Monseigne Annick
Published: February 2020

Introduction au dossier
Comment engager pour faire monde commun ? Le cas "Nageons propre"
Authors: Pascual Espuny Céline , Bonjour Audrey , Halimi-Falkowicz Séverine , Souchet Lionel , Rodrigues Lionel
Published: February 2020

Lorsqu’on nécessite la participation du public et des changements de comportement, comment mobiliser le sujet individuel et collectif dans des campagnes d’actions et d’utilité sociale (CAUPS) ? Notre projet de recherche scientifique financé cherchait à comprendre les leviers nécessaires à la participation collective. Mené sur le terrain autour d’une campagne sur la prévention et l’hygiène dans un espace public, les piscines communautaires, ce projet a permis d’envisager de nouvelles perspectives d’action pour une communication institutionnelle. Grâce au croisement d’un dispositif de recherches en SIC « classique », sémio-pragmatique et qualitatif, d’un dispositif expérimental et d’un dispositif quantitatif, nous avons pu obtenir de nouvelles données, et démontrer l’efficacité d’un dispositif à tiroir, informationnel et engageant, sur l’agrément de la campagne mais aussi et surtout sur le cours de l’action des récepteurs, devenus alors acteurs. Ces résultats nous permettent également d’avancer la grande simplicité du dispositif ainsi préconisé, et son ample efficacité.
Crowdsourcing: A Critical Discussion on Some Issues of a Challenging New Practice in the Digitization of Photographic Heritage
Authors: Baetens Jan
Published: February 2020

This article deals with a certain number of issues raised by the use of crowdsourcing in the management of photographic archives. Although crowdsourcing is (and should remain) a vital instrument in the description and analysis of photographic material, it does not really take into account certain problems such as the difference between information and knowledge, the reduction of knowledge to merely cognitive elements (at the expense of social, political, and ideological belief systems) and the creative tension between the unique artefact on the one hand and serialization on the other hand. Relying on the work by Yves Citton and his plea for the role of interpretation in humanist research, this article will offer a new way of "framing" the technique of crowdsourcing in a larger interpretive context.
La (dis)continuité des carrières journalistiques : enjeux individuels et collectifs. Note introductive.
Authors: Standaert Olivier , Derèze Gérard
Published: February 2020

Article publié le 24/10/2016
La continuité des carrières au régime flexible : décentrement et dispersion à l’orée du marché du journalisme
Authors: Standaert Olivier
Published: February 2020

Cette étude investigue la flexibilité des carrières journalistiques en Belgique francophone à partir d’une observation longitudinale de la (dis)continuité des trajectoires. Ce phénomène, observable par différentes approches, reconfigure non seulement les délais et les manières d’accomplir son insertion professionnelle, mais il transforme aussi l’économie des relations interpersonnelles et de la gestion collective de la force de travail des jeunes journalistes, qui apprennent très rapidement, dans la majorité des cas, à envisager des carrières mixtes et discontinues. Article publié le 24/10/2016
The press, digital transition and small markets. Preliminary note
Authors: Puissant Baeyens Sandrine , Antoine Frédéric
Published: February 2020

The written press is moving over to digital. Towards which socio-economic models will it evolve in small markets, regions or countries where populations are lower, and sales and advertising potential more limited? The solutions deployed by the media in large countries for bigger audiences are difficult to replicate on a smaller scale.
Les collections de l’industrie du luxe : requalification symbolique & communication ostentatoire
Authors: Mouratidou Eleni
Published: February 2020

Organisé autour de valeurs telles que la rareté, la sélectivité et la qualité, le luxe regroupe des secteurs d'activités différents : joaillerie, horlogerie, mode, design, cosmétiques, parfums, vin, automobile. Malgré cet univers axiologique, le luxe doit faire face, notamment au travers des stratégies communicationnelles, à une contrainte majeure : celle de son industrialisation. Cette contribution interroge l'exposition des collections de l'industrie du luxe - et plus précisément de la mode - en tant que dispositifs permettant de faire face à cette contrainte et de maquiller la dimension industrielle du secteur. Bien que les expositions proposées par les acteurs du luxe se donnent à être vues comme une reconstitution historique et une valorisation du patrimoine commercial et symbolique, en l'occurrence, de la mode, elles permettraient également la requalification de l'industrie en question : d'acteur économique elle se transformerait en instance artistique.
La communication des musées d’entreprise en Provence et la construction de la provençalité
Authors: Renaud Lise , Marchis-Mouren Laure
Published: February 2020

Face à un besoin de transformation du discours publicitaire, le musée d’entreprise pourrait bien être une nouvelle stratégie communicationnelle permettant d’allier arguments culturels et commerciaux. En intégrant une exposition patrimoniale à un espace de promotion des produits commerciaux, ces institutions deviennent des acteurs de la patrimonialisation. Mais comment arrivent-elles à articuler culture et économie ? Comment les stratégies patrimoniales et institutionnelles s’articulent-elles ? S’entremêlent-elles ou cohabitent-elles ? Cet article développe l’idée que le fonctionnement sémiotique de la communication des musées d’entreprise permet de porter un double discours sans contradiction apparente. A partir de l’étude de quatre musées d’entreprise situés en Provence, quatre stratégies énonciatives de valorisation d’une organisation sont identifiées : s’inscrire dans un temps long, refléter un territoire historique et culturel, offrir des trésors à la contemplation, être le garant d’une éthique patrimoniale.
Comic strips et papier glacé. Rétro-réflexivité et pseudo-sérialité dans Little Tommy Lost
Authors: Crucifix Benoît
Published: February 2020

Cet article examine la place du comic strip au sein du roman graphique contemporain à travers l'analyse de Little Tommy Lost (2013) de l'auteur américain Cole Closser. La particularité de cette œuvre tient en ce qu'elle se propose comme un pastiche rigoureux de divers comic strips des années 1920 et 1930, allant jusqu'à se faire passer pour une collection d'anciens strips oubliés puis redécouverts. Little Tommy Lost creuse donc une vague "rétro-réflexive" qui interroge la façon dont la bande dessinée peut remédier ses propres identités culturelles. Il s'agira de cerner les enjeux stylistiques, sériels, narratifs et culturels d'une telle remédiation rétro-réflexive.
Les marques revisitées du régime socialiste (Les cas de la Hongrie et de la Roumanie)
Authors: Keszeg Anna , Kálai Sándor
Published: February 2020

Cet article s’intéresse, d’une part, à l’étude des marques (surtout de vêtements et de produits alimentaires), nées à l’époque socialiste en Hongrie et en Roumanie, qui ont su ou pu survivre ou se réinventer grâce à leur histoire et, d’autre part, à l’étude des marques qui n’existent plus, mais qui sont devenues des objets de culte. Suivant la typologie de Brown, nous avons organisé les études de cas selon trois catégories : 1) les marques-culte oubliées : Bambi (boisson rafraîchissante, Hongrie), Tricotaje Somesul (vêtements, Roumanie) ; 2) la réinvention par les processus de re-branding : Túró Rudi (barre chocolatée, Hongrie), Rom (barre chocolatée, Roumanie), Tisza (chaussures de sport, Hongrie), Pegas (bicyclette, Roumanie) ; 3) des marques qui imitent une descendance communiste : Ykra (sac à dos, Hongrie). À partir de l’analyse de ces études de cas, nous proposons, dans la dernière partie de notre article, une nouvelle catégorisation des marques revisitées du régime socialiste, s’appuyant à la fois sur les travaux de Boym et de Bolter et Grusin.
Création artistique et Participation : l’émergence d’une vision partagée et d’une esthétique hybride de l’œuvre
Authors: Jojczyk Joanne
Published: February 2020

Prenant sa source dans un idéal démocratique et dans la relation active entre l’œuvre, l’artiste et le public, le projet artistique et participatif possède un ADN particulier dans lequel l’hybridité est ancrée de facto. Les voix et les imaginaires des participants cohabitent au sein d’une même expérience créative. Nous proposons d’étudier un terrain artistique et culturel via une lentille communicationnelle et interactionniste. Nous avons suivi de l’intérieur une expérience artistique et participative afin de comprendre les moments de tension, de stabilisation et les jeux d’interaction dans la création. Cette réflexion vient ainsi enrichir les études actuelles sur la « participation » en communication organisationnelle en apportant spécifiquement cette mise en lumière, à la fois théorique et méthodologique, sur la façon dont l’expérience artistique se vit par les participants.
Rugby, Race and the Republic : the sporting stardom of Abdelatif Benazzi
Authors: Dine Philip
Published: February 2020

This article explores the conjunction of institutional, representational and societal factors mobilized in the media construction as a sports star of Moroccan-born French rugby player Abdelatif Benazzi. Benazzi's international playing career (1988-2003) mirrors rugby's broader evolution in a globalized sporting landscape either side of the game's official professionalization in 1995. His itinerary provided a template for the French game's developing openness both to imported talent and to more socially inclusive structures of player recruitment. Benazzi's extraordinary visibility, in this most traditional of team games, as a North African and a Muslim, notably as captain of the French XV, was central to the player's portrayal both on and off the pitch. This discursive process is observed through close reading of the three biographies / autobiographies highlighted here, which together draw attention to Benazzi's embodiment of transnational hybridity, as the principal legacy of his multiply narrated sporting life.
De la vedette du sport à la légende du sport. Le cas Anquetil
Authors: Maurice Jean
Published: February 2020

Les expressions « vedette du sport » et « légende du sport » sont données hâtivement pour quasi synonymes, alors qu’elles appartiennent en toute rigueur à deux couples de régimes différents, l’opsis et le logos, d’une part, la communication et la littérature, d’autre part. Le passage du statut de « vedette » à celui de « légende » s’effectue en plusieurs étapes : articles de presse éphémères, ouvrages grand public centrés sur le sport, œuvres littéraires. Le cas de la transformation d’Anquetil, vedette controversée à l’image trouble, en légende épurée et déréalisée est un exemple probant de cette métamorphose. On le montre en s’appuyant sur l’exemple du « récit » écrit par Paul Fournel, Anquetil tout seul. Paris : Editions du Seuil, 2012.
Notes de lecture
Authors: LITS Marc , PEETERS Hugues , HUYNEN Caroline , MEUNIER Jean-Pierre
Published: February 2020

"Jacques BAUDOU: Jean-Jacques SCHLERET, Merveilleux, fantastique et science-fiction à la télévision française", par Marc Lits; "Gilbert DURAND: Introduction à la mythodologie. Mythes et sociétés", par Marc Lits; "Pierre GLAUDES: Yves REUTER, Personnages et didactique du récit", par Marc Lits; "Pierre LéVY: Qu'est-ce que le virtuel ?", par Hugues Peeters; "Michel MAFFESOLI: éloge de la raison sensible", par Caroline Huynen; "Francisco J. VARELA, Quel savoir pour l'éthique ? Action sagesse et cognition", par Jean-Pierre Meunier
Notes de lecture
Authors: LAFFINEUR Jacques , GRYSPEERDT Axel , DE SMEDT Thierry
Published: February 2020

"Frédérique ASSERAF-OLIVIER et Eric BARBRY: Le droit du multimédia", par Jacques Laffineur; "Eric DACHEUX et Romain ROSSO: La communication entre associations et élus en Ile-de-France", par Axel Gryspeerdt; "Philippe DE PIERPONT: Journal burundais, feuilles de route", par Thierry De Smedt
Sociolinguistic scales in retrospect
Authors: Blommaert Jan
Published: February 2020

In this commentary, I offer a review of how sociolinguistic scales featured in the development of my own work over the past decade. Scales, I explain, were always indispensable as an imaginative concept allowing a reimagination of sociolinguistic facts, but the concept of scales was never sufficient to adequately address this reimagined reality. I illustrate this point by means of an account of how scales helped me address three fundamental problems: the problem of meaning, that of situatedness, and that of indexicality.
The macroeconomic projections of the German government: A comparison to an independent forecasting institution
Authors: Lehmann Robert , Wollmershäuser Timo
Published: February 2020

This paper investigates the macroeconomic projections of the German government since the 1970s and compares it to those of the Joint Economic Forecast, which is an independent forecasting institution in Germany. Our results indicate that both nominal GDP projections are upward biased for longer forecast horizons, which seems to be driven by a false assessment of the decline in Germany’s trend growth and a systematic failure to correctly anticipate recessions. Furthermore, we show that the German government deviates from the projections of the Joint Economic Forecast, which in fact worsened the forecast accuracy. Finally, we find evidence that these deviations are driven by political motives.
Broadband spatial self-phase modulation and ultrafast response of MXene Ti3C2Tx (T=O, OH or F)
Authors: Li Jie , Zhang Zilong , Yi Jun , Miao Lili , Huang Jing , Zhang Jinrui , He Yuan , Huang Bin , Zhao Chujun , Zou Yanhong , Wen Shuangchun
Published: February 2020

Two-dimensional layered materials (2DLM) have become the subject of intensive research in various applications such as electronics, photonics and optoelectronics due to their unique physical properties. As a new class of 2DLM, MXenes have attracted great interest due to their superior performance in a wide variety of applications such as batteries, supercapacitors, catalysts, electronics and optics. Here, we have investigated the broadband spatial self-phase modulation (SSPM) and ultrafast response of the MXene Ti3C2Tx (T=O, OH or F) experimentally. The MXene Ti3C2Tx exhibited the broadband nonlinear optical response via SSPM from 400 nm to ~1 μm under the ultrafast laser excitation, and ultrafast carrier characteristics with an ultrafast recovery time with femtosecond transient absorption spectroscopy. The experimental results have shown that the MXenes have the broadband nonlinear optical response, which can lay a foundation for the application prospect for the MXene-based ultrafast optoelectronic devices.
CMOS-compatible a-Si metalenses on a 12-inch glass wafer for fingerprint imaging
Authors: Hu Ting , Zhong Qize , Li Nanxi , Dong Yuan , Xu Zhengji , Fu Yuan Hsing , Li Dongdong , Bliznetsov Vladimir , Zhou Yanyan , Lai Keng Heng , Lin Qunying , Zhu Shiyang , Singh Navab
Published: February 2020

Metalenses made of artificial sub-wavelength nanostructures have shown the capability of light focusing and imaging with a miniaturized size. Here, we report the demonstration of mass-producible amorphous silicon metalenses on a 12-inch glass wafer via the complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor compatible process. The measured numerical aperture of the fabricated metalens is 0.496 with a focusing spot size of 1.26 μm at the wavelength of 940 nm. The metalens is applied in an imaging system to test the imaging resolution. The minimum bar of the resolution chart with a width of 2.19 μm is clearly observed. Furthermore, the same system demonstrates the imaging of a fingerprint, and proofs the concept of using metalens array to reduce the system size for future compact consumer electronics.
MoS2-based Charge-trapping synaptic device with electrical and optical modulated conductance
Authors: Zhang Min , Fan Zehui , Jiang Xixi , Zhu Hao , Chen Lin , Xia Yidong , Yin Jiang , Liu Xinke , Sun Qingqing , Zhang David Wei
Published: February 2020

The synapse is one of the fundamental elements in human brain performing functions such as learning, memorizing, and visual processing. The implementation of synaptic devices to realize neuromorphic computing and sensing tasks is a key step to artificial intelligence, which, however, has been bottlenecked by the complex circuitry and device integration. We report a high-performance charge-trapping memory synaptic device based on two-dimensional (2D) MoS2 and high-k Ta2O5–TiO2 (TTO) composite to build efficient and reliable neuromorphic system, which can be modulated by both electrical and optical stimuli. Significant and essential synaptic behaviors including short-term plasticity, long-term potentiation, and long-term depression have been emulated. Such excellent synaptic behaviors originated from the good nonvolatile memory performance due to the high density of defect states in the engineered TTO composite. The 2D synaptic device also exhibits effective switching by incident light tuning, which further enables pattern recognition with accuracy rate reaching 100%. Such experimental demonstration paves a robust way toward a multitask neuromorphic system and opens up potential applications in future artificial intelligence and sensing technology.
Innovative γ rays irradiated styrene butadiene rubber/reclaimed waste tire rubber blends: a comparative study using mechano-chemical and microwave devulcanizing methods
Authors: El-Nemr Khaled F. , Raslan Heba A. , Ali Magdy A.M. , Hasan Medhat M.
Published: February 2020

Waste tire rubber was comparatively devulcanized by using two-roll mill mechano-chemical and microwave techniques at room temperature. The former technique was performed utilizing tetramethylthiuram disulfide and mercaptobenzothiazole disulfide. The developed devulcanized elastomer was characterized by scanning electron microscopy, chemical soluble fraction indication, and cross-link density determination. The blend was mixed in two roll mills by replacing a portion of virgin styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR) in a common formulation with the devulcanized waste rubber (DWR) product at various ratios, namely 10, 20 and 50 wt%. The morphological micrographs confirmed marked improvement in compatibility between both rubbery materials. The tensile strength and elastic modulus examinations of the fabricated blends ensured successful substitution of the virgin SBR with DWR. The abrasion resistance of SBR proved unaffected by blending with DWR. The compounded blends were subjected to γ rays at different radiation doses elevated up to 200 kGy and comparatively mechanically investigated.
A Socio-Legal Analysis of Elder Care Laws in India
Authors: Dey Deblina
Published: February 2020

Care for older persons in India is considered to be the prerogative of the family, particularly the adult children. The legal and policy discourse reiterates this notion as well. In a country that glorifies the notion of filial piety, one finds a rising number of instances of parental neglect and abuse over the last decade. Against this background, it is important to revisit the existing laws, especially the Maintenance and Welfare of Parents and Senior Citizens Act (2007) which aims to provide relief to aggrieved parents and senior citizens. In this Article, I analyse the relevant laws and discuss the nature of complaints lodged by elderly parents at the Maintenance Tribunal in Kolkata (India). The nature of intergenerational disputes and the way they are dealt with by the Tribunal highlight the law’s inability to imagine a world of needs beyond the economic needs of survival. Despite a few positive measures, the law presently falls short of interpreting the social ‘needs’ of belongingness, retaining authority and a position of importance in the family, a set of needs that often remain unspoken and are therefore disregarded by the law’s agent (the Tribunal judge in this case). I argue that in the process of translating the ‘needs’ of older persons into ‘rights’ through the application of the law, justice is disserved.
Vulnerability, Law, and Dementia: An Interdisciplinary Discussion of Legislation and Practice
Authors: Mattsson Titti , Giertz Lottie
Published: February 2020

Legislation for dementia care needs to be continually rethought, if the rights of older persons and other persons with dementia are to be addressed properly. We propose a theoretical framework for understanding vulnerability and dependency, which enables us to problematize the currently prevailing legal conception of adults as always able — irrespective of health or age — to act autonomously in their everyday lives. Such an approach gives rise to difficult dilemmas when persons with dementia are forced to make decisions on their own about basic living conditions, such as housing and care, without decision-making support. In Sweden, for example, such matters are frequently left to the person him- or herself to decide, often without any assistance from social workers, and with family members serving as caregivers of last resort.

Using vulnerability theory as the framework for our discussion, we argue that policymakers should not apply a group-oriented approach (based on factors like age, legal status, or mental capacity) to persons suffering from dementia. The needs of such individuals are as complex and varied as they themselves are. We discuss our findings from an interdisciplinary (law/social work) research project in which we examine the dilemma that social workers face when they are required, under the terms of the Swedish Social Services Act, to determine whether persons with dementia are to be granted support.

We argue further that a cross-disciplinary approach — in which vulnerability theory furnishes the framework — opens up for new ways of understanding and developing social welfare law and practice. This, we believe, can help us better address the rights, interests, and needs of people with dementia, of their families, and of professionals in the social welfare system. Finally, many of the problems faced by ageing societies in general can be understood on the basis of such an approach.
Custom-Fitted Compression Garments Enhance Recovery From Muscle Damage in Rugby Players
Authors: Brown Freddy , Jeffries Owen , Gissane Conor , Howatson Glyn , van Someren Ken , Pedlar Charles , Myers Tony , Hill Jessica A.
Published: February 2020

Brown, F, Jeffries, O, Gissane, C, Howatson, G, van Someren, K, Pedlar, C, Myers, T, and Hill, JA. Custom-fitted compression garments enhance recovery from muscle damage in rugby players. J Strength Cond Res 36(1): 212–219, 2022—to evaluate the effects of custom-fitted compression garments (CG) on recovery from muscle damage in rugby players. Forty-five players were tested for lower-body strength, power, and indices of muscle damage before completing a damaging protocol (20 × 20-m sprints with 5-m deceleration, 100 drop jumps). Players were randomly assigned to wear either custom-fitted (CF, n = 13), or standard-sized CG (SSG, n = 16), or to receive sham ultrasound therapy (CON, n = 16) immediately after exercise. Players were retested immediately, then after 24 and 48 hours. Strength recovery was significantly different between groups (F = 2.7, p = 0.02), with only CF recovering to baseline values by 48 hours (p = 0.973). Time × condition effects were also apparent for creatine kinase activity (χ2 = 30.4, p < 0.001) and midthigh girth (F = 3.7, p = 0.005), with faster recovery apparent in CF compared with both CON and SSG (p < 0.05). Custom-fitted CG improved strength recovery and indices of muscle damage in rugby players, compared with controls and standard-sized garments. Athletes and coaches would be advised to use appropriately fitted CG to enhance strength recovery after damaging exercise.
ACTN3 (R577X) Genotype Is Associated With Australian Football League Players
Authors: Jacob Ysabel , Hart Nicolas H. , Cochrane Jodie L. , Spiteri Tania , Laws Simon M. , Jones Anthony , Rogalski Brent , Kenna Jade , Anderton Ryan S.
Published: February 2020

Jacob, Y, Hart, NH, Cochrane, JL, Spiteri, T, Laws, SM, Jones, A, Rogalski, B, Kenna, J, and Anderton, RS. ACTN3 (R577X) genotype is associated with Australian Football League players. J Strength Cond Res 36(2): 573–576, 2022—Genetic variants in the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) and alpha actinin-3 (ACTN3) genes have been associated with elite sport athletic performance. This study aimed to investigate the frequency of each polymorphism in a cohort of elite Australian football (AF) players. To achieve this, 47 players from an Australian Football League (AFL) club and 59 healthy age matched controls with no history of elite sporting competition were recruited for this study. Each subject provided saliva samples through buccal swab for DNA extraction and genotyping, with group comparisons made using χ2 and odds ratio analysis. There was no significant difference in ACE I/D genotype between healthy control and elite AF players. The ACTN3 XX genotype was significantly underrepresented in AFL players (4.3%) compared with healthy controls (28.8%, p = 0.003). In addition, there was a greater representation of the R allele in elite AF players (70.2%) when compared with healthy controls (50%; χ2 = 8.834, p = 0.002). This is the first study to investigate genetic variants in elite AF players, with results suggesting that the ACTN3 gene may play a significant role explaining aspects of athletic performance in AF.
Physiological Responses to Increasing Battling Rope Weight During Two 3-Week High-Intensity Interval Training Programs
Authors: Bornath Derek P.D. , Kenno Kenji A.
Published: February 2020

Bornath, DPD and Kenno, KA. Physiological responses to increasing battling rope weight during two 3-week high-intensity interval training programs. J Strength Cond Res 36(2): 352–358, 2022—The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of increasing battling rope weight during 6 weeks (wks) of battling rope high-intensity interval training (HIIT) on upper-body oxygen consumption and skeletal muscle strength, power, and endurance performance. Eighteen recreationally active men and 15 women (23 ± 2 year) performed 10 × 30-second (s) bouts of all-out exercise, interchanging between double and alternating whip battling rope exercises, separated by 60 seconds of rest, 3×/wk, for 6 weeks. For the first 3 weeks, women used 40-foot, 1.5-inch diameter, 20-lb ropes and men used 50-foot, 1.5-inch diameter, 25-lb ropes, after which the battling rope weight was increased by 10 lb for a second 3-week period of battling rope HIIT. Men and women exercised at a minimum of 85% of their predicted maximum heart rate with post-exercise blood lactate concentrations peaking at 10.79 mmol·L−1 and 8.33 mmol·L−1, respectively. After 3 and 6 weeks of battling rope HIIT, men and women increased upper-body maximal oxygen consumption (V̇o
2max), maximum voluntary contraction isometric shoulder flexion and extension strength, shoulder power output, and push-up and sit-up endurance. These increases in aerobic and skeletal muscle measurements are similar to previous HIIT studies involving treadmills and cycle ergometers. Battling rope HIIT produced adaptations in skeletal muscle and aerobic performance in as little as 3 weeks, and with increases in battling rope weight displayed further improvements after 6 weeks of battling rope HIIT. These data support the implementation of battling rope HIIT to improve cardiorespiratory fitness and skeletal muscle performance with increased workloads.
The Application of Accelerometer-Derived Moving Averages to Quantify Peak Demands in Basketball: A Comparison of Sample Duration, Playing Role, and Session Type
Authors: Fox Jordan L. , Conte Daniele , Stanton Robert , McLean Blake , Scanlan Aaron T.
Published: February 2020

Fox, JL, Conte, D, Stanton, R, McLean, B, and Scanlan, AT. The application of accelerometer-derived moving averages to quantify peak demands in basketball: A comparison of sample duration, playing role, and session type. J Strength Cond Res 35(12S): S58–S63, 2021—The purpose of this was to study compare peak external workload intensities in basketball using accelerometer-derived moving averages between different sample durations (0.5–5 minutes), session types (training vs. game-play), and playing roles (starting vs. bench players). Five starting and 3 bench players were monitored over a 15-week competitive season using accelerometers. For all training sessions and games, peak external workload intensities were determined using accelerometer-derived moving averages for PlayerLoad per minute (PL·min−1) across sample durations of 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 minutes. Linear mixed-models and effect sizes (ESs) were used to compare peak PL·min−1 between sample durations, session type, and playing role. Peak PL·min−1 was significantly different between all sample durations (p < 0.05; ES = 0.88–5.45), with higher intensities evident across shorter sample durations. In starting players, peak intensities were significantly higher during games compared with training for all sample durations (p < 0.05; ES = 0.69–0.93). Peak game intensities were higher in starting players using all sample durations (p > 0.05; ES = 0.69–1.43) compared with bench players. Shorter sample durations produced higher peak PL·min−1. Peak intensities were higher during games than training in starting players, indicating training may not adequately prepare players for the most demanding passages of game-play.
Hamstring Injury Prevention for Elite Soccer Players: A Real-World Prevention Program Showing the Effect of Players' Compliance on the Outcome
Authors: Chebbi Souhail , Chamari Karim , Van Dyk Nicol , Gabbett Tim , Tabben Montassar
Published: February 2020

Chebbi, S, Chamari, K, Van Dyk, N, Gabbett, T, and Tabben, M. Hamstring injury prevention for elite soccer players: A real-world prevention program showing the effect of players' compliance on the outcome. J Strength Cond Res 36(5): 1383–1388, 2022—The aim of this study was to determine the effect of implementing the Nordic hamstring exercise (NHE) to prevent hamstring injuries in soccer. A professional team was followed by the same medical team during 5 successive seasons (2012/2013 through 2016/2017). During the first and last seasons (2012/2013 and 2016/2017), no hamstring preventive action was implemented. For the seasons 2013/2014, 2014/2015, and 2015/2016, a noncompulsory (few players refusing to participate) NHE prevention program was implemented with accurate recording of the players' training and match exposure and attendance to the prevention sessions. The first 10 weeks of the season were used to progressively increase the volume and intensity of the NHE exercises, and at the end of the season, players were split in low-, moderate-, and high-attendance groups to the prevention sessions. Overall, 35 time-loss hamstring strain injuries were accounted for. The injury incidence was 0.30 per player per season, and the injury rate was 0.95 injury/1000 hour of exposure. A nonstatistically significant higher risk of hamstring injury was observed in the control, low, and moderate attendance groups compared with the high-attendance group. The greatest risk of hamstring injury was observed in the low-attendance group (odds ratio 1.77, confidence interval 0.57–5.47, p = 0.32). Implementing a NHE prevention program has a positive effect on the injury rate in a soccer team; however, the compliance of players with such interventions may be critical for its success.
Seasonal Changes in the Sprint Acceleration Force-Velocity Profile of Elite Male Soccer Players
Authors: Jiménez-Reyes Pedro , Garcia-Ramos Amador , Párraga-Montilla Juan A. , Morcillo-Losa José A. , Cuadrado-Peñafiel Víctor , Castaño-Zambudio Adrián , Samozino Pierre , Morin Jean-Benoît
Published: February 2020

Jiménez-Reyes, P, Garcia-Ramos, A, Párraga-Montilla, JA, Morcillo-Losa, JA, Cuadrado-Peñafiel, V, Castaño-Zambudio, A, Samozino, P, and Morin, J-B. Seasonal changes in the sprint acceleration force-velocity profile of elite male soccer players. J Strength Cond Res 36(1): 70–74, 2022—This study aimed to describe the seasonal changes in the sprint force-velocity (Fv) profile of professional soccer players. The sprint Fv profile of 21 male soccer players competing in the first division of the Spanish soccer league was evaluated 6 times: preseason 1 (September 2015), in-season 1 (November 2015), in-season 2 (January 2016), in-season 3 (March 2016), in-season 4 (May 2016), and preseason 2 (August 2016). No specific sprint capabilities stimuli other than those induced by soccer training were applied. The following variables were calculated from the velocity-time data recorded with a radar device during an unloaded sprint: maximal force (F
0), maximal velocity (v
0), Fv slope, maximal power (Pmax), decrease in the ratio of horizontal-to-resultant force (DRF), and maximal ratio of horizontal-to-resultant force (RFpeak). F
0 (effect size [ES] range = 0.83–0.93), Pmax (ES range = 0.97–1.05), and RFpeak (ES range = 0.56–1.13) were higher at the in-seasons 2 and 3 compared with both preseasons (p ≤ 0.006). No significant differences were observed for v
0, Fv slope, and DRF (p ≥ 0.287). These results suggest that relevant Fv profile variables may be compromised (F
0 more compromised than v
0) toward the end of the competitive season when specific sprint stimuli are not systematically applied.
Effect of Static Stretching, Dynamic Stretching, and Myofascial Foam Rolling on Range of Motion During Hip Flexion: A Randomized Crossover Trial
Authors: Siebert Tobias , Donath Lars , Borsdorf Mischa , Stutzig Norman
Published: February 2020

Siebert, T, Donath, L, Borsdorf, M, and Stutzig, N. Effect of static stretching, dynamic stretching, and myofascial foam rolling on range of motion during hip flexion: A randomized crossover trial. J Strength Cond Res 36(3): 680–685, 2022—Static and dynamic stretching (DS) are commonly used in sports and physical therapy to increase the range of motion (ROM). However, prolonged static stretching (SS) can deteriorate athletic performance. Alternative methods to increase ROM are thus needed. Foam rolling (FR) may initiate muscle relaxation, improve muscular function, physical performance, and ROM. Previous studies that examined effects of FR on ROM did not control for increased tissue compliance or shifted pain threshold. In this study, the isolated influence of altered tissue compliance on ROM after FR, SS, and DS was investigated using a randomized crossover design. Hip flexion ROM at given joint torques before and after SS, DS, and FR was randomly assessed in 14 young male adults (age: 23.7 ± 1.3 years; height: 182 ± 8 cm; body mass: 79.4 ± 6.9 kg). Hip flexion ROM was measured in the sagittal plane with the subjects lying in a lateral position (no gravitational effects on ROM measurements). Surface electromyographic (EMG) analysis of 2 representative hip extensors (M. biceps femoris and M. semitendinosus) was applied to control for active muscle contribution during ROM measurements. Significant increases in ROM for SS (3.8 ± 1.1°; p < 0.001) and DS (3.7 ± 1.8°; p < 0.001) were observed, but not for FR (0.8 ± 3.1°; p = 0.954). Because stretch forces on tendon and muscle tissue during SS and DS predominately act in longitudinal direction, FR induces mainly transversal forces in the muscle tissue. Thus, increased ROM after FR reported in the literature is more likely due to a shift in the pain threshold. These results provide a better understanding of differential loading conditions during SS, DS, and FR for coaches and practitioners.
The Time Course of Changes in Neuromuscular Responses During the Performance of Leg Extension Repetitions to Failure Below and Above Critical Resistance in Women
Authors: Dinyer Taylor K. , Byrd M. Travis , Succi Pasquale J. , Bergstrom Haley C.
Published: February 2020

Dinyer, TK, Byrd, MT, Succi, PJ, and Bergstrom, HC. The time course of changes in neuromuscular responses during the performance of leg extension repetitions to failure below and above critical resistance in women. J Strength Cond Res 36(3): 608–614, 2022—Critical resistance (CR) is the highest sustainable resistance that can be completed for an extended number of repetitions. Exercise performed below (CR−15%) and above (CR+15%) CR may represent 2 distinct intensities that demonstrate separate mechanisms of fatigue. Electromyography (EMG) and mechanomyography (MMG) have been used to examine the mechanism of fatigue during resistance exercise. Therefore, the purposes of this study were to (a) compare the patterns of responses and time course of changes in neuromuscular parameters (EMG and MMG amplitude [AMP] and mean power frequency [MPF]) during the performance of repetitions to failure at CR−15% and CR+15% and (b) identify the motor unit activation strategy that best describes the fatigue-induced changes in the EMG and MMG signals at CR−15% and CR+15%. Ten women completed one repetition maximum (1RM) testing and repetitions to failure at 50, 60, 70, and 80% 1RM (to determine CR), and at CR−15% and CR+15% on the leg extension. During all visits, EMG and MMG signals were measured from the vastus lateralis. There were similar patterns of responses in the neuromuscular parameters, and time-dependent changes in EMG AMP and EMG MPF, but not MMG AMP or MMG MPF, during resistance exercise performed at CR−15% and CR+15% (p < 0.05). The onset of fatigue occurred earlier for EMG AMP, but later for EMG MPF, during repetitions performed at CR+15% compared with those performed at CR−15%. Thus, resistance exercise performed below and above CR represented 2 distinct intensities that were defined by different neuromuscular fatigue mechanisms but followed similar motor unit activation strategies.
Abundancia, biomasa y estructura de la ictiofauna demersal en el océano Pacífico de Centroamérica, basadas en datos de prospección pesquera realizados a bordo del B/O Miguel Oliver
Authors: Benavides-Morera Rosario , Campos-Calderón Fernando , Vargas-Hernández José Mauro
Published: February 2020

A razón de ampliar el conocimiento sobre la estructura y composición de la ictiofauna demersal en el Pacífico de Centroamérica, se realizó el estudio de muestras obtenidas en 98 puntos de arrastre efectuados con el B/O Miguel Oliver entre el 10 de noviembre y el 16 de diciembre de 2010. Con una red tipo Lofoten, se faenó por 30 minutos sobre los puntos ubicados según estratos y profundidad (máxima 1 600 m). La muestra total (17 507 ejemplares) tuvo representación de peces cartilaginosos y óseos divididos en 77 familias y 158 especies. Dicrolene filamentosa (12.27%) mostró la mayor abundancia, las biomasas más representativas del estudio fueron de Peprilus medius (35.67%) y Peprilus snyderi (12.49%) junto con Rhinoptera steindachneri (9.45%), mientras que las especies más frecuentes fueron Peristedion barbiger y Stomias atriventer (ambas con 2.71%). La costa frente a Costa Rica y Panamá mostró diversidad alta (H':3), mientras que la equidad presentó valores uniformes. Para determinar ensamblajes con respecto a la profundidad, se utilizó un ordenamiento espacial que mostró un agrupamiento de 3 conjuntos (PERMANOVA, R = 0.54, P > 0.05) y un análisis canónico de correspondencia, el cual arrojó evidencia suficiente de que las especies fueron influenciadas en su distribución por la salinidad y la temperatura. La ictiofauna encontrada responde a eventos y condiciones ambientales particulares que revisten de gran importancia ecológica los hallazgos. Se resalta lo fundamental de los ensamblajes para evaluar cómo las poblaciones cambian como resultado de las características que exhiben las masas de agua.
Calculation of the Macromolecular Size of Bovine Serum Albumin from the Viscosity of Its Aqueous Solutions
Authors: Khorolskyi O. V. , Moskalenko Yu. D.
Published: February 2020

On the basis of experimental data for the shear viscosity of aqueous bovine serum albumin (BSA) solutions and in the framework of the Malomuzh–Orlov cellular approach, the surface of effective radii of BSA macromolecules has been plotted for the constant pH = 5.2 in the concentration interval of 2.0–27.2 wt% and the temperature interval 278–318 K. A rapid nonlinear increase in the effective radii of BSA macromolecules is shown to take place up to BSA concentrations of about 5 wt% in the whole examined temperature interval. The maxima of the effective radii of BSA macromolecules are observed at a BSA concentration of 5 wt%, and their position is temperature-independent. In the concentration interval 5.0–27.2 wt%, the effective radii of BSA macromolecules decrease, and this reduction is linear at BSA concentrations higher than 10 wt%. A comparison of the calculation results with literature data on the self-diffusion coefficient of macromolecules in solutions testifies to the efficiency of the Malomuzh–Orlov formula for calculating the macromolecular radii of globular proteins on the basis of shear viscosity data for their aqueous solutions.
Electrical Conductivity Studies of Composites Based on (Cu1–xAgx)7GeSe5I Solid Solutions
Authors: Pogodin A. I. , Luchynets M. M. , Studenyak V. I. , Kokhan O. P. , Studenyak I. P. , Kúš P.
Published: February 2020

Polymer composites based on (Cu1−xAgx)7GeSe5I solid solutions are produced. The electrical conductivity of the composites is measured by impedance spectroscopy in the frequency range from 20 Hz to 2×106 Hz and in the temperature interval 292–338 K. The frequency dependences of the total electrical conductivity are obtained, the Nyquist plots are constructed, and their analysis is performed. The effect of Cu+ →Ag+ cationic substitution on the total electrical conductivity and the activation energy, as well as on the electronic and ionic components of the electrical conductivity of composites based on (Cu1−xAgx)7GeSe5I solid solutions is studied on the basis of compositional dependences.