bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Innovative Strategizing for Sustainable Development: Russian Patterns
Authors: Astapov Kirill
Published: November 2023

The current domestic strategizing practice needs significant improvements. On the one hand, innovative strategies should factor in the extreme variability of external environment. On the other hand, they should address long-term trends and goals, e.g., climate change, low-carbon economy, etc. This research featured the industrial strategizing of the Russian economy. In spite of the rapid changes postulated by the concepts of VUCA and BANI, proper strategizing can support effective transformations of companies and industries by cascading and synchronizing different economic policies. Most state-approved industrial strategies provide an effective in-depth situation analysis and problem definition but, being aimed at solving current problems, lack a long-term vision. As a result, they turn into catch-up development strategies that are unable to form leading positions in the future. The long-term goal of any innovative strategy is to develop the existing competencies, competitive advantages, and resource opportunities in order to attract additional resources and create new competitive advantages. Initially, industrial strategies can be limited to minimum allowable investment level that provide effective interaction between business, science, and the state, e.g., special economic zones, industrial clusters, digital platforms, etc. The resulting horizontal connections protect the economic system from the changing external environment.
novo ágora informacional
Authors: Almeida Júnior Oswaldo Francisco de
Published: November 2023

Partindo do confronto entre as reflexões presentes em um texto publicado em meados dos anos 1990 e as de hoje, discute-se aspectos da democracia da informação. No texto anterior, a base das análises é a concepção de democracia na Grécia antiga, em que a ideia de cidadão excluía muitos dos segmentos da sociedade. Hoje, apesar das mudanças e transformações sociais, o acesso à informação ainda está reservada para grupos exclusivos e restritos que podem fazer uso de ferramentas tecnológicas mais atualizadas. O fosso entre os que possuem e os que não possuem informações continua o mesmo. O texto está estruturado e desenvolvido em pontos discutidos mais aprofundadamente ou apenas indicados para que sejam focos de preocupação e interesses posteriormente. Conclui-se que pouco ou nada se alterou entre as conclusões do texto primeiro e a situação de agora.
Teoria crítica da sociedade em Jürgen Habermas
Authors: Siqueira Daniel Valente Pedroso de
Published: November 2023

O presente texto observa a teoria crítica da sociedade desenvolvida por Habermas a partir da análise das duas teses apresentadas na Teoria da Ação Comunicativa, sobre a modernidade seletiva e sobre o desacoplamento das esferas socais tematizáveis, pretendendo compreender como o avanço dos imperativos funcionais do sistema (a burocracia administrativa estatal e a economia capitalista) têm extrapolado suas áreas de atuação e aumentado ainda mais sua dinâmica sistêmica sobre o ambito da reprodução simbólica nas sociedades capitalistas do século XXI. A discussão que se segue analisará esta ampliação considerando que as interferências e alterações sobre os padrões de integração social são  questões que se encontram em um desenvolvimento constante desde as mudanças pelas quais passaram a alterar os critérios de legitimação da modernidade capitalista. Ainda que de um modo não inteiramente distinto daquele tematizado por Habermas no contexto social do início dos anos 1980, pretende-se observar que que no atual estágio do capitalismo internacional esta interferência, assim como as alterações daí promovidas, tem provocado uma maior fragmentação social e gerado bloqueios que perturbam ainda mais a integração social (que ameaçam inviabilizar qualquer efetivação da emancipação social quanto mais são deturpados os critérios de legitimação e reconhecimento social). Circunscrito a este horizonte, pretende-se sustentar que tais fatores possam ser melhor compreendidos mediante uma investigação sobre as patologias sociais, especifiamente quando estas são compreendidas como parâmetros que proporcionariam identificar certa resistência a uma integração social orientada por imperativos sistêmicos.
Recent Insights into the Angioregulatory Role of Long Non-coding
RNAs and Circular RNAs in Gliomas: From Signaling Pathways to
Clinical Aspects
Authors: Hedayati Neda , Babaei Aghdam Zahra , Rezaee Malihe , Mousavi Dehmordi Rohollah , Alimohammadi Mina , Mafi Alireza
Published: November 2023

The most prevalent and severe malignancy of the central nervous system
within the brain is glioma. Glioma is a vascularized cancer, and angiogenesis is necessary
for glioma growth, invasion, and recurrence. It is also believed that this factor is
this factor to be accountable for therapy resistance in many cancers, including glioma.
The process of angiogenesis, which plays a crucial role in both health and disease situations
such as cancer, involves the creation of new blood vessels from pre-existing ones.
Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) are unique molecules that have been found to possess a
wide range of abilities to modify the expression of various genes. They carry out their
gene-modulating roles at a variety of distinct levels, including post-transcriptional and
post-translational levels. Long ncRNAs (lncRNAs) and circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a
group of ncRNA that have attracted particular attention and are involved in the angiogenesis
mechanism in cancer. Understanding the regulatory mechanisms of these RNAs in
the angiogenesis process in gliomas provides unique fundamental information about the
process of tumor-associated neovascularization. On the other hand, due to developments
in the characterisation of lncRNAs and circRNAs, these novel structures may potentially
be used in clinics as possible biomarkers for treatment strategies that target tumor angiogenesis.
Throughout the review, new knowledge and views about the angioregulatory
function of circRNAs and lncRNAs in gliomas have been presented. Additionally, we
talk about the novel idea of ncRNA-based therapeutics for gliomas in the future.
Poly(lactic-co-glycolic) Acid (PLGA) Nanoparticles and Transdermal Drug Delivery:
An Overview
Authors: Kumar Lalit , Kukreti Gauree , Rana Ritesh , Chaurasia Himanshu , Sharma Anchal , Sharma Neelam , Komal
Published: November 2023

Background:

Biodegradable polymeric nanoparticles have garnered pharmaceutical industry attention
throughout the past decade. PLGA [Poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid)] is an excellent biodegradable polymer
explored for the preparation of nanoparticles that are administered through various routes like intravenous and
transdermal. PLGA's versatility makes it a good choice for the preparation of nanoparticles.

Objective:

The main objective of this review paper was to summarize methods of preparation and characterization
of PLGA nanoparticles along with their role in the transdermal delivery of various therapeutic agents.

Methods:

A literature survey for the present review paper was done using various search engines like Pubmed,
Google Scholar, and Science Direct.

Results:

In comparison to traditional transdermal administration systems, PLGA nanoparticles have demonstrated
several benefits in preclinical investigations, including fewer side effects, low dosage frequency, high
skin permeability, and simplicity of application.

Conclusion:

PLGA nanoparticles can be considered efficient nanocarriers for the transdermal delivery of
drugs. Nevertheless, the clinical investigation of PLGA nanoparticles for the transdermal administration of
therapeutic agents remains a formidable obstacle.
FTIR, 1H, and 13C NMR Characterization and Antibacterial Activity of
the Combination of Euphorbia Honey and Potato Starch
Authors: Ahmed Moussa , Amirat Mokhtar
Published: November 2023

Aim and Objective:

In recent years, natural biopolymer (potato starch) hydrogels
have been widely used in the field of wound dressing material. This study aimed to develop and
characterize a novel antibacterial hydrogel made from potato starch and natural honey.

Methods:

The structure of the composite films was evaluated by Fourier transform infrared
(FTIR) and 1H,13C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, and the antibacterial activities
were tested by agar diffusion method. FTIR analysis showed chemical interaction between
the components of Euphorbia honey (EH) and potato starch hydrogel (PSH).

Results:

The 1H–13C NMR and FTIR analyses of EH/PSH confirmed their structure and showed
the presence of glucose and hydrocarbon derivatives. After 24 h of incubation, the EH/PSH hydrogel
showed good antibacterial activity against three bacterial strains (K.pneumonia,
P.mirabilis, and P. aeruginosa) by producing clear inhibition zones of 12.33±1.88 mm,
15.33±0.94, and 10±0 mm, respectively. In addition, K. pneumonia, P. mirabilis, and P. aeruginosa
were sensitive to the EH/SPH with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 1 %.

Conclusion:

These results suggest that EH–PS has potential as an alternative candidate to conventional
antibiotics.
Potential of Flavonoids as Promising Phytotherapeutic Agents to Combat
Multidrug-Resistant Infections
Authors: Pathak Deepika , Mazumder Avijit
Published: November 2023

Background:

Considering the limited number of current effective treatments, Multidrug-
Resistant (MDR) illnesses have grown to be a serious concern to public health. It has become
necessary to look for new antimicrobial drugs because of the emergence of resistance to
numerous kinds of antibiotics. The use of flavonoids is one phytotherapeutic strategy that has
been researched as a potential remedy for this issue. Secondary plant compounds called flavonoids
have been found to have an antibacterial effect against resistant microorganisms.

Objective:

This review seeks to give readers a glimpse into contemporary studies on flavonoids'
potential to fight MDR infections.

Methods:

A systematic search was conducted on electronic databases (PubMed, Scopus, and
Google Scholar) using relevant keywords such as flavonoids, MDR infections, antimicrobial
activity, and resistance microbes. Studies that investigated the antimicrobial activity of flavonoids
against resistant microbes were included in this review.

Results:

Most research found that flavonoids have antibacterial efficacy against resistant microorganisms,
and some also showed that they have synergistic benefits with traditional antibiotics.
The flavonoids quercetin, kaempferol, apigenin, and luteolin were the most often investigated
ones. According to research, flavonoids affect microbial gene expression, inhibit microbial enzymes,
and disrupt the integrity of microbial cell membranes. Additionally, a few studies have
noted the flavonoids' low toxicity and safety.

Conclusion:

For the treatment of infections that are resistant to many drugs, flavonoids constitute
a promising class of phytotherapeutic agents. To develop flavonoid-based treatment methods
for treating MDR illnesses and assess the potential of flavonoids as adjuvants to conventional
antimicrobial drugs, more study is required.
Hypoxia A Typical Target in Human Lung Cancer Therapy
Authors: Ullah Asmat , Shehzadi Somia , Ullah Najeeb , Nawaz Touseef , Iqbal Haroon , Aziz Tariq
Published: November 2023

Lung cancer (LC) is the leading cause of cancer-related death globally. Comprehensive
knowledge of the cellular and molecular etiology of LC is perilous for the development of active
treatment approaches. Hypoxia in cancer is linked with malignancy, and its phenotype is implicated
in the hypoxic reaction, which is being studied as a prospective cancer treatment target. The hypervascularization
of the tumor is the main feature of human LC, and hypoxia is a major stimulator
of neo-angiogenesis. It was seen that low oxygen levels in human LC are a critical aspect of
this lethal illness. However, as there is a considerable body of literature espousing the presumed
functional relevance of hypoxia in LC, the direct measurement of oxygen concentration in Human
LC is yet to be determined. This narrative review aims to show the importance and as a future target
for novel research studies that can lead to the perception of LC therapy in hypoxic malignancies.
Identification of ATM Mutation as a Potential Prognostic Biomarker for
Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors Therapy
Authors: Cui Saijin , Chen Tianyu , Zhao Yaning , Xiao Zhuoyun , Liu Meitong , Huang Xi , Cao Shiru , Zhou Rongmiao , Li You , Huo Xiangran , Wang Na
Published: November 2023

Background:

Ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM), an apical DNA damage response
gene, is a commonly mutated gene in tumors, and its mutation could strengthen tumor immunogenicity
and alter the expression of PD-L1, which potentially contributes to immune checkpoint inhibitors
(ICIs) therapy.

Methods:

The characteristics of ATM mutation and its relationship with the ICIs-treated clinical
prognosis have been analyzed comprehensively in this paper. The overall frequency of ATM mutations
has been found to be 4% (554/10953) in the cancer genome atlas (TCGA) cohort.

Results:

Both the TMB and MSI levels in patients with ATM mutations were significantly higher
than those in patients without mutations (P < 0.0001). The median TMB was positively correlated
with the frequency of ATM mutations (r = 0.54, P = 0.003). In the TCGA cohort, patients with
ATM mutations had better clinical benefits in terms of overall survival (OS, hazard ratio (HR) =
0.736, 95% CI = 0.623 - 0.869), progression-free survival (PFS, HR = 0.761, 95% CI = 0.652 -
0.889), and disease-free survival (DFS, HR = 0.686, 95% CI = 0.512 - 0.919)] than patients without
ATM mutations. Subsequently, the verification results showed ATM mutations to be significantly
correlated with longer OS in ICIs-treated patients (HR = 0.710, 95% CI = 0.544 - 0.928).
Further exploration indicated ATM mutation to be significantly associated with regulated anti-tumor
immunity (P < 0.05).

Conclusion:

Our findings highlight the value of ATM mutation as a promising biomarker to predict
ICIs therapy in multiple tumors.
Combined RNAi of CTTN and FGF2 Modulates Cell Migration, Invasion
and G1/S Transition of Hepatocellular Carcinoma through Ras/ERK
Signaling Pathway
Authors: Zhou Jiaming , Liu Jiaxuan , Li Tiejun , Zhong Qiang , Yu Hongyu
Published: November 2023

Background:

Most patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) die of rapid progression
and distant metastasis. Gene therapy represents a promising choice for HCC treatment, but
the effective targeted methods are still limited.

Objective:

CTTN/cortactin plays a key role in actin polymerization and regulates cytoskeleton remodeling.
However, the interaction network of CTTN in HCC is not well understood.

Methods:

siRNA was designed for CTTN silencing and Affymetrix GeneChip sequencing was
used to obtain the gene profile after CTTN knockdown in the HCC cell line SMMC-7721. Potential
interacting genes of CTTN were identified using qRT-PCR. The inhibition on HCC by combined
RNA interference (RNAi) of CTTN and fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2) was detected.

Results:

A total of 1,717 significantly altered genes were screened out and 12 potential interacting
genes of CTTN were identified. The interaction of CTTN and FGF2 was validated and combined
RNAi of CTTN and FGF2 achieved a synergistic effect, leading to better inhibition of HCC cell
migration, invasion and G1/S transition than single knockdown of CTTN or FGF2. Mechanistically,
combined RNAi of CTTN and FGF2 modulated the Ras/ERK signaling pathway. In addition,
the EMT epithelial marker E-cadherin was upregulated while the mesenchymal marker Vimentin
and cell cycle protein Cyclin D1 were downregulated after combined RNAi of CTTN and FGF2.
Additionally, qRT-PCR and immunohistochemical staining showed that both CTTN and FGF2
were highly expressed in metastatic HCC tissues.

Conclusion:

Combined RNAi of CTTN and FGF2 may be a novel and promising intervention
strategy for HCC invasion and metastasis.
LINC00887 Acts as an Enhancer RNA to Promote Medullary Thyroid
Carcinoma Progression by Binding with FOXQ1
Authors: Liu Daxiang , Wang Wenjing , Wu Yanzhao , Qiu Yongle , Zhang Lan
Published: November 2023

Background:

Medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) is a rare but aggressive endocrine
malignancy that originates from the parafollicular C cells of the thyroid gland. Enhancer RNAs
(eRNAs) are non-coding RNAs transcribed from enhancer regions, which are critical regulators of
tumorigenesis. However, the roles and regulatory mechanisms of eRNAs in MTC remain poorly
understood. This study aims to identify key eRNAs regulating the malignant phenotype of MTC
and to uncover transcription factors involved in the regulation of key eRNAs.

Methods:

GSE32662 and GSE114068 were used for the identification of differentially expressed
genes, eRNAs, enhancers and enhancer-regulated genes in MTC. Metascape and the transcription
factor affinity prediction method were used for gene function enrichment and transcription factor
prediction, respectively. qRT-PCR was used to detect gene transcription levels. ChIP-qPCR was
used to assess the binding of histone H3 lysine 27 acetylation (H3K27ac)-enriched regions to anti-
H3K27ac. RIP-qPCR was used to detect the binding between FOXQ1 and LINC00887. CCK8
and Transwell were performed to measure the proliferation and invasion of MTC cells, respectively.
Intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels were quantified using a ROS assay kit.

Results:

Four eRNAs (H1FX-AS1, LINC00887, MCM3AP-AS1 and A1BG-AS1) were screened,
among which LINC00887 was the key eRNA promoting the proliferation and invasion of MTC
cells. A total of 135 genes controlled by LINC00887-regulated enhancers were identified; among
them, BCL2, PRDX1, SFTPD, TPO, GSS, RAD52, ZNF580, and ZFP36L1 were significantly enriched
in the “ROS metabolic process” term. As a transcription factor regulating genes enriched in
the “ROS metabolic process” term, FOXQ1 could recruit LINC00887. Overexpression of FOXQ1
restored LINC00887 knockdown-induced downregulation of GSS and ZFP36L1 transcription in
MTC cells. Additionally, FOXQ1 overexpression counteracted the inhibitory effects of
LINC00887 knockdown on the proliferation and invasion of MTC cells and the promotion of intracellular
ROS accumulation induced by LINC00887 knockdown.

Conclusion:

LINC00887 was identified as a key eRNA promoting the malignant phenotype of
MTC cells. The involvement of FOXQ1 was essential for LINC00887 to play a pro-tumorigenic
role in MTC. Our findings suggest that the FOXQ1/LINC00887 axis is a potential therapeutic target
for MTC.
Comparison of Surgical and Colonoscopy Tissue to Establish Colorectal
Patient-derived Organoids
Authors: Chen Hong , Yang Yuping , Shi Jinsen , Yan Ting , Wang Jun , Yang Yuning , Lu Qin , Feng Hailan , Du Jian , Cao Zhiyun , Weygant Nathaniel
Published: November 2023

Background:

Patient-derived organoids (PDOs) are ex vivo models that retain the functions
and characteristics of individualized source tissues, including a simulated tumor microenvironment.
However, the potential impact of undiscovered differences between tissue sources on
PDO growth and progression remains unclear.

Objective:

This study aimed to compare the growth and condition of PDO models originating
from surgical resection and colonoscopy and to provide practical insights for PDO studies.

Methods:

Tissue samples and relevant patient clinical information were collected to establish
organoid models. PDOs were derived from both surgical and colonoscopy tissues. The growth of
the organoids, including their state, size, and success rate of establishment, was recorded and analyzed.
The activity of the organoids at the end stage of growth was detected using calcein-AM fluorescence
staining.

Results:

The results showed that the early growth phase of 2/3 colonoscopy-derived organoids
was faster compared to surgical PDOs, with a growth difference observed within 11-13 days of
establishment. However, colonoscopy-derived organoids exhibited a diminished growth trend after
this time. There were no significant differences observed in the terminal area and quantity between
the two types of tissue-derived organoids. Immunofluorescence assays of the PDOs revealed
that the surgical PDOs possessed a denser cell mass with relatively higher viability than
colonoscopy-derived PDOs.

Conclusion:

In the establishment of colorectal patient-derived organoids, surgically derived
organoids require a slightly longer establishment period, while colonoscopy-derived organoids
should be passaged prior to growth inhibition to preserve organoid viability.
Bioinformatics and Experimental Study Revealed LINC00982/
miR-183-5p/ABCA8 Axis Suppresses LUAD Progression
Authors: Ding Defang , Zhong Jingyu , Xing Yue , Hu Yangfan , Ge Xiang , Yao Weiwu
Published: November 2023

Background::

Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is a major health challenge worldwide
with an undesirable prognosis. LINC00982 has been implicated as a tumor suppressor in diverse
human cancers; however, its role in LUAD has not been fully characterized.

Methods::

Expression level and prognostic value of LINC00982 were investigated in pan-cancer
and lung cancer from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) project. Differential expression analysis
based on the LINC00982 expression level was performed in LUAD followed by gene set enrichment
analysis (GSEA) and functional enrichment analyses. The association between LINC00982
expression and tumor immune microenvironment characteristics was evaluated. A potential ceRNA
regulatory axis was identified and experimentally validated.

Results::

We found that LINC00982 expression was downregulated and correlated with poor prognosis
in LUAD. Enrichment analyses revealed that LINC00982 could inhibit DNA damage repair
and cell proliferation, but enhance tumor metabolic reprogramming. We identified a competing endogenous
RNA network involving LINC00982, miR-183-5p, and ATP-binding cassette subfamily
A member 8 (ABCA8). Luciferase assays confirmed that miR-183-5p can interact with
LINC00982 and ABCA8. Forced miR-183-5p expression reduced LINC00982 transcript levels
and suppressed ABCA8 expression.

Conclusions::

Our findings revealed the LINC00982/miR-183-5p/ABCA8 axis as a potential therapeutic
target in LUAD.
Diabetic Retinopathy Diagnosis based on Convolutional Neural Network in
the Russian Population: A Multicenter Prospective Study
Authors: Gognieva Daria , Durzhinskaya Madina , Vorobyeva Irina , Chomakhidze Petr , Suvorov Alexander , Kuznetsova Natalia , Bektimirova Alina , Al-Dwa Baraah , Abdullaev Magomed , Yusef Yusef , Pavlov Vladislav , Budzinskaya Maria , Sychev Dmitry , Moshetova Larisa , Kopylov Philipp
Published: November 2023

Background::

Diabetic retinopathy is the most common complication of diabetes
mellitus and is one of the leading causes of vision impairment globally, which is also relevant
for the Russian Federation.

Objective::

To evaluate the diagnostic efficiency of a convolutional neural network trained for the
detection of diabetic retinopathy and estimation of its severity in fundus images of the Russian
population.

Methods::

In this cross-sectional multicenter study, the training data set was obtained from an
open source and relabeled by a group of independent retina specialists; the sample size was
60,000 eyes. The test sample was recruited prospectively, 1186 fundus photographs of 593 patients
were collected. The reference standard was the result of independent grading of the diabetic
retinopathy stage by ophthalmologists.

Results::

Sensitivity and specificity were 95.0% (95% CI; 90.8-96.4) and 96.8% (95% CI; 95.5-
99.0), respectively; positive predictive value – 98.8% (95% CI; 97.6-99.2); negative predictive
value – 87.1% (95% CI, 83.4-96.5); accuracy – 95.9% (95% CI; 93.3-97.1); Kappa score – 0.887
(95% CI; 0.839-0.946); F1score – 0.909 (95% CI; 0.870-0.957); area under the ROC-curve –
95.9% (95% CI; 93.3-97.1). There was no statistically significant difference in diagnostic accuracy
between the group with isolated diabetic retinopathy and those with hypertensive retinopathy
as a concomitant diagnosis.

Conclusion::

The method for diagnosing DR presented in this article has shown its high accuracy,
which is consistent with the existing world analogues, however, this method should prove its
clinical efficiency in large multicenter multinational controlled randomized studies, in which the
reference diagnostic method would be unified and less subjective than an ophthalmologist.
Recurred Uterine Cervical Cancer Initially Manifesting as Hemorrhagic Cyst: A
Case Report
Authors: Jung Yoon Kyung , Park Sung Bin , Park Hyun Jeong , Lee Eun Sun
Published: November 2023

Background::

Recurrence of uterine cervical cancer is common and often shows a dismal prognosis. Local recurrence usually manifests as solid soft tissue
lesions and has rarely been reported to have cystic lesions.

Case Presentation::

Herein, we report a case of recurrent uterine cervical cancer with initial manifestation as a hemorrhagic cyst, assessed using strain
sonoelastography, CT, and MRI.

Conclusion::

Although cystic recurrence is uncommon, newly detected simple or complex cystic lesions should be closely monitored.
Perspective of Secondary Metabolites in Respect of Multidrug Resistance
(MDR): A Review
Authors: Kaushik Aditi , Kaushik Manish , Kaur Gagandeep , Gupta Vrinda
Published: November 2023

Aberrant and haphazard use of antibiotics has created the development of antimicrobial
resistance which is a bizarre challenge for human civilization. This emerging crisis of antibiotic resistance
for microbial pathogens is alarming all the nations posing a global threat to human health. It
is difficult to treat bacterial infections as they develop resistance to all antimicrobial resistance. Currently
used antibacterial agents inhibit a variety of essential metabolic pathways in bacteria, including
macro-molecular synthesis (MMS) pathways (e.g. protein, DNA, RNA, cell wall) most often by targeting
a specific enzyme or subcellular component e.g. DNA gyrase, RNA polymerase, ribosomes,
transpeptidase. Despite the availability of diverse synthetic molecules, there are still many complications
in managing progressive and severe antimicrobial resistance. Currently not even a single antimicrobial
agent is available for which the microbes do not show resistance. Thus, the lack of efficient
drug molecules for combating microbial resistance requires continuous research efforts to overcome
the problem of multidrug-resistant bacteria. The phytochemicals from various plants have the potential
to combat the microbial resistance produced by bacteria, fungi, protozoa and viruses without
producing any side effects. This review is a concerted effort to identify some of the major active
phytoconstituents from various medicinal plants which might have the potential to be used as an
alternative and effective strategy to fight against microbial resistance and can promote research for
the treatment of MDR.
Diagnosis and Management of Latent Tuberculosis Infection: Updates
Authors: Swain Satish , Kumar Arvind , Vishwakarma Vishal Kumar , Aayilliath K Adarsh , Mittal Ankit , Wig Naveet
Published: November 2023

India has the largest problem of tuberculosis (TB) infection globally (estimated at about
35-40 crores cases), and around 18-36 lakh develop active tuberculosis annually. Latent TB is defined
as a state of persistent immune response to stimulation by Mycobacterium tuberculosis antigens with
no evidence of clinically manifested active TB. The progression of a latent infection to active tuberculosis
increases several-fold in children < 5 years of age and in people with some or the other form
of an immunocompromising condition. Therefore, to cater to this gigantic problem of tuberculosis, it
is necessary to have awareness about latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) amongst clinicians and to
prioritise its diagnosis and treatment in high-risk groups. India plans to end TB well before the deadline
set by the World Health organisation (WHO). However, this can only be achieved with effective
strategies targeting LTBI. Multiple treatment regimens have been approved for LTBI treatment, and
all have comparable efficacy. The selection of one regimen over the other depends on various factors,
such as availability, risk of adverse events, age, and drug interactions. Recently, the WHO, as well as
the Revised National TB Control Programme (RNTCP), have updated their guidelines on TB preventive
treatment in 2020 and 2021, respectively. This review has been especially prepared to
acknowledge the differences in approach to LTBI in developed and developing countries.
The Effect of Metformin Treatment on Disease Control in Patients with
Acromegaly
Authors: Sahin Humeyra Rekali , Sahin Serdar , Sarac Betul , Sulu Cem , Kadioglu Pinar , Ozkaya Hande Mefkure
Published: November 2023

Background:

The increase in portal insulin levels has been shown to upregulate
growth hormone receptor expression in the liver, leading to increased insulin-like growth hormone-
1 levels. Metformin inhibits hepatic gluconeogenesis and reduces fasting insulin.

Objective:

We evaluated the effect of metformin treatment in patients with acromegaly on
growth hormone, insulin-like growth hormone-1, and pituitary adenoma size.

Methods:

Patients who were followed up with the diagnosis of acromegaly in Istanbul University-
Cerrahpaşa, Cerrahpaşa Medical Faculty were evaluated. The patients were divided into three
groups after pituitary adenectomy as those who received somatostatin receptor ligand and metformin
treatment (group A), somatostatin receptor ligand treatment only (group B), and those
who received metformin treatment only (group C). Groups A and B were compared with each
other, and patients in group C were compared among themselves.

Results:

While the median insulin-like growth factor-1 level decreased to 170 ng/ml in Group A
after the treatment, the median insulin-like growth factor-1 level decreased to 229 ng/ml in
Group B, and a statistically significant difference was found between the two groups (p =0.020).
There was no significant difference in post-treatment growth hormone levels and residual adenoma
sizes between groups A and B (p >0.005). In group C, there was no significant difference
in growth hormone values pre-and post-metformin treatment (p =0.078); however, the median
insulin-like growth factor-1 level decreased from 205 ng/ml to 168 ng/ml during metformin
treatment and was found to be statistically significant (p =0.027).

Conclusion:

Due to the effect of metformin treatment on insulin-like growth factor-1 values in
patients with acromegaly, it can be used in disease control, as well as diabetes treatment.
Hypoparathyroidism Associated with Benign Thyroid Nodules in
DiGeorge-like Syndrome: A Rare Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Spinelli Claudio , Ghionzoli Marco , Guglielmo Carla , Baroncelli Giampiero , Tyutyusheva Nina , Frega Alessia , Patrizio Armando , Fallahi Poupak , Ferrari Silvia Martina , Antonelli Alessandro
Published: November 2023

Background:

DiGeorge-like syndrome (DGLS) is a rare genetic disorder due to the
presence of the same classical clinical manifestations of DiGeorge syndrome (DGS) without its
typical deletion. In the DGLS phenotype, hypoparathyroidism seldom occurs and is considered
rare. In DGS, hypocalcemia affects up to 70% of patients, and a considerable share often has
asymptomatic thyroid abnormalities.

Case Presentation:

In this study, we describe an unusual case of a 16-year-old patient with
DGLS due to a duplication of 365 kb in the 20p11.22 region, affected by hypoparathyroidism
associated with thyroid nodule. The intraoperative parathyroid evaluation ruled out agenesis as a
cause of hypoparathyroidism. In addition, we carried out a thorough literature review from 2010
to 2023 of DGLS cases using specific keywords, such as “22q11.2 deletion syndrome”, “Di-
George-like Syndrome”, “hypoparathyroidism”, “thyroid”, and “children”, analyzing 119 patients
with DGLS.

Conclusion:

Interestingly enough, the present case represents, to our knowledge, the first report
of a patient with DGLS associated with hypoparathyroidism and the presence of thyroid nodules
where an intraoperative observation reported a non-functional parathyroid gland.
The Anti-ulcer Potential of Weissella cibaria Assisted
Bio-fermented Product of Citrus limetta Waste Peel in Wistar
Albino Rats
Authors: Singh Monika , Singh Shreshtha , Puri Dinesh , Sawhney Shalini Kapoor , Kumar Nitin , Yasir Mohd. , Nainwal Pankaj
Published: November 2023

Background:

There are patents available related to fermented food and beverages
which enhance to human health. Citrus limetta (Mosambi) has a high content of flavonoids
and exhibits antioxidant activity, which could stimulate the digestive system and
be useful for gastroprotective activity. It supports digestion by neutralizing the acidic digestive
juices and reducing gastric acidity.

Objective:

This study explored the potential of using waste peel extract from Citrus
limetta to prevent ulcers. The study specifically sought to assess the anti-ulcer properties
of fermented and non-fermented extracts and compare them. Further, the study looked at
the potential benefits of treating or preventing ulcers with Citrus limetta waste peels and
whether fermentation affected the efficacy of the treatment.

Methods:

Thirty female Wistar albino rats were equally distributed into five different
groups. Group 1 received distilled water (20 ml/kg/b.w); Group 2 received indomethacin
(mg/kg/b.w); Group 3 received omeprazole (20 mg/kg/b.w); Group 4 received aqueous
extract of Mosambi peel (400 mg/kg/b.w) and Group 5 received fermented product of extract
of Mosambi peel (400 mg/kg/b.w).

Results:

Findings explored that, compared to non-fermented citrus fruit juice, biofermented
exhibited less gastric volume (1.58 ± 0.10 ml vs. 1.8 ± 0.14 ml), reduced MDA
levels (355.23 ± 100.70 μmol/mg protein vs. 454.49 ± 155.88 μmol/mg protein), and low
ulcer index (0.49 ± 0.07 vs. 0.72 ± 0.14).

Conclusion:

The results suggest that the bio-fermented product of Citrus limetta peel has
better anti-ulcer potential against peptic ulcer induced by indomethacin in Wistar albino
rats compared to non-fermented.
Cardiovascular Examination
Authors: Ghaly Yousif Nasser , Hadi Najah R. , Alamran Fadhil G.
Published: November 2023

The Cardiovascular examination is typically focused in cardiac and blood
vessels. Cardiovascular disease may present with a number of diverse symptoms; non-cardiac causes must also be considered. It allows for an initial assessment of symptoms
and is crucial for determining the differential diagnoses and further steps in cardiac
diseases. The present chapter gives students details in manual cardiac examination and
makes it easy for medical students and junior doctors.
Musculoskeletal System Examination
Authors: Ghaly Yousif Nasser , Hadi Najah R. , Alamran Fadhil G.
Published: November 2023

The musculoskeletal system constitutes a demanding part of the physical
examination in terms of both knowledge and time. The skillful examiner focuses this
critical task through information obtained in a careful history. The examiner should
take the opportunity to observe the patient’s posture and mobility when he or she first
enters the examination room. Musculoskeletal exam nearly exclusively relies on
inspection and palpation of the joints and some specialized tests involving those
techniques. Rarely do percussion and auscultation play a role in the musculoskeletal
exam. The key features to note and record on the examination of the joints are swelling,
tenderness, and loss of motion. 
Quick Guide in History Taking and Physical Examination
Authors: Ghaly Yousif Nasser , Hadi Najah R. , Alamran Fadhil G.
Published: November 2023

Learn the skills of medical history taking and physical examination with this accessible and comprehensive textbook. Designed for medical students and clinicians, it simplifies complex concepts and procedures to empower you with essential skills for effective patient consultation.

Key Features

-Clear and Simple Language: This book uses plain and straightforward language, making the intricate world of medical history taking and physical examination easy to understand, even for beginners.

-Real Illustrations: Learn from real pictures that vividly depict clinical scenarios, helping you bridge the gap between theory and practice.

-Step-by-Step Guidelines: Follow systematic guidelines for history taking and physical examination. From patient introduction and consent to comprehensive body system examinations, each step is clearly outlined, ensuring you never miss a crucial detail.

-Specialized Examination Section: Includes a specialized examination section, covering various body systems like cardiovascular, respiratory, abdominal, and the central nervous system. Understand the physical basis of clinical signs to enhance your diagnostic skills.

Quick Guide in History Taking and Physical Examination helps you to master the art of clinical examination, develop the confidence to take accurate medical histories, and interpret symptoms and signs effectively. It serves as an essential companion for medical students and residents on their journey to become a proficient clinician.
Multiculturalism under Threat and Strategies in Constructing Inclusive Spaces in Europe and Southeast Asia Regions
Authors:   Universitas Katolik Indonesia Santu Paulus Ruteng, Regus Maksimus
Published: November 2023

Multiculturalism is among the best solutions to social groups' clashes, tensions, and conflicts. It provides an open, fair, and equal political and social policy to all elements in one society. However, multiculturalism strengthens radicalism and terrorism when the attention and respect for social identity are unequal. This article examines multiculturalism's situation, trends, and challenges in the European and Southeast Asian regions. Additionally, the paper elaborates on the challenges of building inclusive spaces in multicultural societies. Data were analyzed using a systematic-critical qualitative review method. Information was sourced from previous studies, reports from international websites, news, and analyses on the condition of multiculturalism in these two regions.
Queers and Right-wing Ideology: Case Study of Serbia
Authors: Radoman Marija
Published: November 2023

The systematic exclusion of trans people from society vividly demonstrates the oppression faced by marginalised groups. These patterns of discrimination are also seen in instances of hatred towards women or non-heterosexual individuals. Within the queer community, trans people are particularly vulnerable and are often the target of conservative and right-wing movements. It is crucial to acknowledge that the oppression of one group can have a domino effect on the entire LGBTIQ+ community. It is noteworthy that patterns of oppression cannot be observed in isolation, since neoliberal policies tend to fragment solidarity and our common struggles. Despite not being immediately apparent, the entire queer community suffers the consequences of the exclusion of trans people. Similarly, policies of segregation and exclusion based on sexual orientation and gender identity have broader consequences, which may also impact the rights and freedoms of heterosexual cisgender individuals. Right-wing policies and ideology tend to spread, and this can be seen in the example of Serbia, where institutional and non-institutional levels witness increased activity of right-wing groups.
Integrating Compassion into EMDR for PTSD
Authors: Whalley Matthew , Lee Deborah
Published: November 2023

Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) often involves feeling-states of shame and self-loathing. Traditional exposure-based treatments, which are effective for fear-based PTSD, are sometimes limited in effectiveness when working with these emotional experiences: clients with high levels of shame, guilt, or disgust may experience ‘blocks’ in processing when attempting eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR). Developed to help people who suffer from pervasive shame and self-attack, compassion focused therapy (CFT) is based upon an evolutionary framework, and draws on research from human neurobiology and attachment theory to understand how humans respond to different types of threat. This paper describes a protocol for integrating compassion focused techniques into EMDR therapy with the aim of facilitating adaptive information processing. Two case examples outline the use of the protocol and describe clients’ reflections on the process. We suggest that CFT approaches can be successfully integrated with EMDR when working with experiences of shame and self-blame.
Association between Posttraumatic Stress Symptoms and Resilience in Frontline Healthcare Workers during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Vietnam
Authors: Thi Phuong Nguyen Linh , Le Duc Khoa , Do nam Khanh , Tran Thi Hao , Dang Thi Huong , Le Minh Giang , Hoang Thi Hai Van
Published: November 2023

The COVID-19 pandemic has placed a considerable burden on frontline healthcare workers (HCWs), thus increasing their vulnerability to developing posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Our study aimed to examine the relationship between possible PTSD symptoms and resilience and identify associated factors with possible PTSD symptoms among Vietnamese frontline HCWs during the COVID-19 pandemic in 2021. We conducted a cross-sectional study across medical facilities at three administrative levels: provincial, district, and commune levels of Vietnam's healthcare service and management systems. The Item of Event Scale-Revised (IES-R) and Brief Resilience Scale (BRS) were used to measure possible PTSD symptoms and psychological resilience accordingly. In the sample of 763 HCWs, two-thirds were women, their median age was 34, and nearly half were nurses. 15.9% of HCWs reported having possible PTSD symptoms. Several variables, including COVID-19 concerns: worried about being infected with COVID-19, lacking personal protective equipment (PPE), about an uncontrollable pandemic, feeling lonely about being isolated from family, and resilience capacity were statistically significant with having possible PTSD symptoms. Multiple logistic regression showed that reused PPE, concerns about lacking PPE, and low levels of resilience were significantly associated with an increased likelihood of possible PTSD symptoms. It is suggested that greater priority should be given to improving healthcare plans to mitigate HCWs' PTSD symptoms and improve their resilience trait.
Macroalgae as a Source of Functional Foods in the Prevention of Cardiovascular Diseases
Authors: Valado Ana , Ponedilok Polina , Caseiro Armando , Pereira Leonel
Published: November 2023

Noncommunicable diseases (NCD), such as cardiovascular diseases (CVD), are responsible for the majority of annual deaths worldwide. Dyslipidemia, hypertension, diabetes, and obesity, among others, can enhance the onset of metabolic syndrome (MetS). The integration of natural products in the diet, such as marine macroalgae or hydrocolloids extracted from them, has been extensively studied. The application of these substances in the prevention of pathologies is expanding due to the high content of bioactive compounds and as dietary fiber, constituting an excellent source of organic components to produce functional foods. The objective of this review will be to compile the effectiveness of algal polysaccharides, specifically agar, alginates and carrageenan, in the prevention of CVD, focusing on its action on the pathophysiology underlying this group of diseases, as well as exploring the various human and animal studies available. Additionally, we emphasize the benefits of dietary fiber consumption and the mechanisms of its action throughout the gastrointestinal tract. The present work will also present information about the benefits of consuming macroalgae in regulating intestinal health and its general relationship with CVD.
Lessons and Untapped Potential of Smartphone-Based Physical Activity Interventions for Mental Health: Narrative Review
Authors: Bernstein Emily E , Wolfe Emma C , Huguenel Brynn M , Wilhelm Sabine
Published: November 2023

Background

Physical activity has well-known and broad health benefits, including antidepressive and anxiolytic effects. However, only approximately half of Americans meet even the minimum exercise recommendations. Individuals with anxiety, depression, or related conditions are even less likely to do so. With the advent of mobile sensors and phones, experts have quickly noted the utility of technology for the enhanced measurement of and intervention for physical activity. In addition to being more accessible than in-person approaches, technology-driven interventions may uniquely engage key mechanisms of behavior change such as self-awareness.

Objective

This study aims to provide a narrative overview and specific recommendations for future research on smartphone-based physical activity interventions for psychological disorders or concerns.

Methods

In this paper, we summarized early efforts to adapt and test smartphone-based or smartphone-supported physical activity interventions for mental health. The included articles described or reported smartphone-delivered or smartphone-supported interventions intended to increase physical activity or reduce sedentary behavior and included an emotional disorder, concern, or symptom as an outcome measure. We attempted to extract details regarding the intervention designs, trial designs, study populations, outcome measures, and inclusion of adaptations specifically for mental health. In taking a narrative lens, we drew attention to the type of work that has been done and used these exemplars to discuss key directions to build on.

Results

To date, most studies have examined mental health outcomes as secondary or exploratory variables largely in the context of managing medical concerns (eg, cancer and diabetes). Few trials have recruited psychiatric populations or explicitly aimed to target psychiatric concerns. Consequently, although there are encouraging signals that smartphone-based physical activity interventions could be feasible, acceptable, and efficacious for individuals with mental illnesses, this remains an underexplored area.

Conclusions

Promising avenues for tailoring validated smartphone-based interventions include adding psychoeducation (eg, the relationship between depression, physical activity, and inactivity), offering psychosocial treatment in parallel (eg, cognitive restructuring), and adding personalized coaching. To conclude, we offer specific recommendations for future research, treatment development, and implementation in this area, which remains open and promising for flexible, highly scalable support.