bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Steel Fiber Reinforced Concrete Carbonation Simulation Research
Authors: Miao Yuan Yao , Niu Di Tao , Wang Yan
Published: May 2011

Durability of concrete structure due to carbonation problem has attracted worldwide attention. By studying on the performance of steel fiber reinforced concrete carbonation, simulations CO2corrosion environment was simulated. The impacts of the change law of carbonation depth of steel fiber reinforced concrete with water cement ratio (0.35,0.45,0.55), as well as steel fiber content (0%, 0.5%, 1.0%, 1.5% , 2.0%), pouring surface and age, on concrete carbonation depth were studied. Steel fiber reinforced concrete carbonation performance improvement role was analyzed. Thus, providing a experimental basis that can be used in the design and analysis of the durability of steel fiber reinforced concrete structure.
Interfacial Shear Stress Calculation of Prestressed CFRP Sheet Reinforcing Steel Beam
Authors: Wang Lian Guang , Zhang Hai Fu , Huo Jun Hua
Published: May 2011

The steel beam is strengthened by prestressed CFRP sheets, which can increase capacity, reduce distortion and improve the utilization of CFRP cloth. Through the adhesive layer, the CFRP sheets and steel beam work together. Therefore, the interface is the weak link components, the adhesive layer and the physical and mechanical properties of CFRP fabric is an important factor for interfacial shear stress. Based on the elastic theory, a prestressed CFRP cloth and steel interface shear stress differential equation is established, and a calculation formula for interface shear stress is given. The calculation results show that, along the steel beam, interfacial shear stress distribution of CFRP is found with non-uniform, which increases the fastest growing at the end, and grows with increase of initial prestress.
Mechanical Property Analysis of High-Rise Building on Construction
Authors: Cong Shu Ping , Han Jin Sheng
Published: May 2011

Mechanical properties of high-rise building on construction and on service life are different. Geometrical model of structure and material property are time-varying on construction, so mechanical property analysis of high-rise building on construction is complex. The software of ANSYS is selected as the analysis tool. Construction process of high-rise building is simulated through the element “life and death” function of ANSYS. Results of analog calculation are close to the actual values of structure because of considering the construction process. It is beneficial to the safety of high-rise building on construction.
The Effect of Interaction on the Dynamic Characteristics of Mega Frame Structure
Authors: Guo Wen , Yao Hua Chuan
Published: May 2011

In the paper, the sandy pebble soil which was most massively distributed in Sichuan was used as foundation. The finite element model of mega frame structure including the superstructure, raft foundation and the sandy pebble groundwork was built by applying the finite element analysis software ANSYS. The response of the mega frame structures under dynamic load was analyzed to study the mechanical properties, deformational properties and the interaction between mega frame structures and the sandy pebble soil. At last, in the same structural style and same foundation soil, the dynamic behaviors of such structure which take no account of the interaction between mega frame structures and the sandy pebble soil was compared with structure which took account of the interaction. The research in the paper could provide certain reference value for the future engineering.
Service Life Prediction Based on Carbonation Reliability Theory for Reinforced Concrete under Mechanical Load
Authors: Wan Xiao Mei , Cao Wei Qun , Zhao Tie Jun , Fan Hong
Published: May 2011

A carbonation model of reinforced concrete structures subjected to mechanical load based on experimental work is proposed in the paper. Correspondingly, a series of reliability analysis and service life prediction is carried out and reasonable results are acquired. Besides the effect of concrete cover, it indicates that mechanical load impacts the reliability and service life of the reinforced concrete structures significantly through example calculation. In the case of concrete cover of 40mm, the service life is shortened nearly half under a tensile load of 60% while the service life is lengthened 30% under a compressive load of 30%. In service life design or long term performance assessment, more work should be done with the consideration of the mechanical load effect.
Progressive Collapse Analysis of Multi-Storey Composite Frames
Authors: Wang Yu Yin , Xu Man , Guo Lan Hui , Zhang Su Mei
Published: May 2011

In this paper, a 9-storey Benchmark frame model was used to analyze the response of joints due to sudden column loss. On the basis of the substructure model, the static and dynamic nonlinear analyses were conducted seriatim using the alternative path method. It is found that the removals of the ground columns bring high-level joint moments and mild increasing of axial forces. In particular, the removal of side column with pin-ended connection results in the largest vertical displacement of adjacent joint and increase the flexural demands to the next joint. For this model, the most critical case appears at the failure of hinged side column, the next is the rigid side column.
Experimental Study on Axial Compressive Behaviors of Steel Recycled Concrete Composite Columns
Authors: Chen Zong Ping , Zhang Xiang Gang , Zhang Shi Qian , Xue Jian Yang
Published: May 2011

In order to reveal the performance of steel recycled concrete composite columns, 6 specimens were designed for axial compression loading experiment. And two factors which are recycled coarse aggregate replacement percentage and slenderness ratio of column are taken into consideration. The bearing capacity and load-displacement curves of composite columns are obtained. Based on the test, the failure patterns and the influence of recycled coarse aggregate replacement percentage and slenderness ratio to axial compression load-bearing capacity are analyzed. In the end, the calculation formula for axial compression load of steel recycled concrete composite columns is presented.
Research on Dynamic Behaviour of Wind Tower under Ambient Excitation Based on DASP
Authors: Liu Xiang , Gao Zhen Ning , Kong Jiang Tao
Published: May 2011

By means of site test of horizontal-axis wind turbine tower under different working conditions, the paper make a further analysis by DASP system and obtained the acceleration spectrum and characteristic frequency; Again to build finite element model of the tower and calculated it's dynamic characteristics. The measured results and calculative results provide a basis for avoiding resonance and further study of structure dynamic response of wind turbines tower; In addition, it can provide valuable modal parameter data for wind tower design and structural vibration control.
Study on Shape Formation of Post-Tensioned and Shaped Hypar Space Truss
Authors: Chen Dong Zhao , Hao Ji Ping , Wang Zhen Qing
Published: May 2011

Shape formation of post-tensioned and shaped hypar space truss is presented in this paper, the test space truss can be deformed into saddle shape by tensioning positive diagonal bottom layer strand. Nonlinear finite element analysis is applied in shape formation of space truss model. Based on both geometry and material nonlinearity, new FEM refering ‘tube to tube’ contact, is employed. Connector elements are used to simulate the bolt connection of the top joint, and the end of web. The results show that new method is relatively much more accurate than the previous way for the shaped size, and the theoretical values are consistent with experimental ones in stress and internal force distribution trend although the former ones are smaller, for FE model could not consider diagonal lower chord joining the structural system during shape formation.
Study on Design Method of Mega-Structure Linked with the Ground
Authors: Lan Tao , Hao Ji Ping , Zhao Si Yuan , Wang Xiao An
Published: May 2011

Based on the research of Life Ring in Shen Fu, the basic criteria for structural design of the unconventional rigid mega-structure linked with the ground are proposed in this paper. Through the structure comparison and selection, the space steel truss is used as the optimal structure form. After static analysis and time-history analysis by FEM, it is found that the control load case is the combination of dead weight and wind load. Because of its long vibration period, the structure is not sensitive during an earthquake. The key design of the structure is the selection of foundation form, a mixed-foundation made of steel trusses with piles is proposed in this paper. The steel truss is used as a bridge which transmits forces between superstructure and foundation. At last, the pile foundation is classified by the loading mechanism, the analysis and design of key joints in the mixed-foundation is proposed.
Numerical Analysis of Double Plate Foundation Applied in Goaf
Authors: Lu Yu Hua , Xie Xu , Zhao Qing Jie
Published: May 2011

With the development of society, the demand of coal resources is increasing. However, the deformation and damage of buildings above goaf, which caused by underground mining, is getting worse and worse. Therefore, research and design of anti-deformation of buildings above goaf have certain positive role to deal with problems caused by mining deformation. This paper mainly discusses the double plate foundation used in buildings above goaf, and compares the anti-deformation effect of double plate foundation and strip foundation based on numerical ansys of the both.
Ultimate Load Analysis of Reinforced Concrete Beam with Finite Element
Authors: Zhou Ling Yuan , Qiao Li
Published: May 2011

A efficient 3D beam element based on the distributed nonlinearity theory is proposed for nonlinear analysis of reinforcement concrete structures. The sections consist of reinforcing steel and concrete in this formulation and the section stiffness matrices are calculated through the integration of stress-strain relations of concrete and the accumulation of reinforcing steel effect. The force-based formulation is adopted in the evaluation of the element stiffness matrix and the element state determination. The improved Kent-Park model is adopt for the stress-strain relation of concrete, and uniaxial stress–strain relationships proposed by Mander is introduced for reinforcing steel. Finally, the ultimate load of a cantilever reinforced concrete beam subjected to a lateral load was analyzed with the proposed formulation to illustrate its accuracy and computational efficiency.
Layered-Shell Element Method of Calculating the Multi-Ribbed Composite Slab’s Elastic Lateral Stiffness
Authors: Chang Peng , Luo Yao
Published: May 2011

A new method for calculating the elastic lateral stiffness of the multi-ribbed composite slab by ANSYS—the layered-shell element method is introduced in this paper. In the modeling process, there are two ways for establishing the model using element SOLID46: the first refers to regarding the slab as a whole to make arranged layers. While the second type suggests that making arranged layers in each part already separated according to the materials. Especially when there are reasonable hypothesis, the analysis results can guarantee certain precision. By comparison among the two models and the experimental results, no errors with each other have exceeded 5%. The whole model is used for the numerical simulation in view of its briefness. Several factors affecting elastic lateral stiffness are considered, mainly including elastic modulus of the concrete, elastic modulus of the brick, and number of the ribbed-column. From the calculating results, conclusion can be deduced that all of these factors affecting the slab’s stiffness significantly. Along with the factors’ rising, the elastic lateral stiffness of the wall grows up. Basically, the influence factor and the elastic lateral stiffness of the slab present to be linear relationship. It is also meaningful to see that the elastic modulus of the brick plays a very important part in the elastic lateral stiffness of the wall. When compared to the SOLID65 and LINK8 used for the slab’s modeling before, the layered-shell element method is simple in principle, and distinct in conception. Above all, because only one type of element in the finite element analysis is used, it will cost less time when used on building a model of integrated architectural construction.
Numerical Analysis of Masonry under Compression via Micro-Model
Authors: Lü Wei Rong , Wang Meng , Liu Xi Jun
Published: May 2011

The micro-model, which the brick and the mortar model are separated, is used to analyze masonry. Meanwhile, the mortar is divided into three layers along the thickness direction to obtain the internal mechanical behavior of mortar, and the vertical mortar joint strength is taken as 50% strength of the horizontal mortar joint for considering the poor quality of vertical mortar joint. The compressive ultimate load and failure mode of masonry taken from the finite element analysis result, especially the vertical cracks throughout all bricks and mortar and change of brick and mortar strain, are in agreement with the experimental results. It shows that the micro-model and method adopted in paper are able to effectively apply in nonlinear structural analysis for masonry.
Research of the Key Reinforcement Technology Based on Miaoziping Bridge of Du Wen Expressway after the Wenchuan Earthquake
Authors: Huang Xian Bin , Chen Jia , Zhu Zhan Yuan , En Wen Hai , Liang Jian
Published: May 2011

The height from the bridge deck of 5th main pier to ground surface is about115m, and the depth from the top surface of pier cap to water surface is 65m. Reinforcement measures such as flaw detection by frogman, hole plugged, steel caisson placing, steel caisson modeling, high performance concrete seal cracks perimeter. Reinforcement show that, the effect of high-pressure water jet roughening and hole plugged is well; the steel caisson which weighs about 400t sinking stablely and reaching the intended design location; great liquidity, high performance concrete has good workability , 28d strength is above the design and specification demands, bridge static and dynamic tests meeting the design requirements. The research is important for bridge strengthening, and provides reference for the reinforcement design and construction of the same type bridge.
Analysis Methods Investigation of Steel Frames Accounting for Local Buckling
Authors: Wang Lian Kun
Published: May 2011

Second-order inelastic analysis should be directly performed in order to overcome the difficulties of the conventional approach, but most of these analyses assume the section to be compact, and do not account for the degradation of the flexural strength caused by local buckling. Since the sections of real structures are not always compact, the analysis should be improved to consider local buckling. The objective of this paper is to investigate the plastic-zone and plastic hinge analysis methods of steel frames accounting for local buckling with nonlinear shell elements and design specifications as AICS-LRFD and Eurocode 3, which may be used as reference for the further study.
Experimental Research on the Strengthening of RC Columns by High Performance Ferrocement Laminates
Authors: Jiang Long Min , Tang Fan Hua , Ou Man Li
Published: May 2011

Eleven approximate full-size specimens including nine eccentrically compressed columns of monotonic loading and two axially compressed columns of laterally cyclic loading were tested. By a series of comparison experiment of specimens strengthened by high performance ferrocement laminates (HPFL) and no strengthened specimens, it was found that the RC columns strengthened with attached HPFL demonstrated greater degree of improving in load-bearing capacity, in which the carrying capacity increment of the strengthened eccentrically compressed columns with lesser eccentricity was greater than that of the same type of columns with bigger eccentricity under the same strengthening conditions; the strengthening effects of the specimens with lower concrete grade are better than that of those ones with higher concrete grade; the ductility and energy dissipation ability of the strengthened columns were remarkably increased. In this paper, the test results is described, the principle and regularity that this category of strengthening laminate improved the ultimate load-bearing capacity, ductility, cracking behavior and mode of failure etc. of the RC columns are analyzed. The studying results proved that this strengthening measure for RC columns is superior to make the strengthening effect notable, working behavior of strengthened column excellent, strengthening construction easy and economical.
Experimental Study of Corroded RC Beams Strengthened with CFRP under Fatigue and Monotonic Loads
Authors: Wang Lei , Liang Jin Xiu
Published: May 2011

This paper summarizes the results and discussion of experimental studies on corroded, reinforced concrete 4 point beam test specimens (120 mm x 200 mm x 1700 mm) repaired by external bonding of carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) composite laminates to the tensile face of the beam. The primary parameters investigated in this experimental study were distortion, stress distribution, and ultimate load capacity of the corroded reinforced concrete beams. The results indicate that the load capacity and the rigidity of repaired corroded beams by CFRP were significantly higher than the un-repaired, corroded beams. Beams with a low degree of corrosion damage, repaired by CFRP, were still able to demonstrate good mechanical properties after a short-term fatigue loading.
Seismic Behavior Study of External Wall Panels in Steel Frames
Authors: Fang Ming Ji
Published: May 2011

The shaking table test of a full-scale steel frame structure with ALC external wall panels is performed in this paper. Based on the experimental results, the seismic behaviors of ALC external walls and joints are studied, such as the destruction properties of ALC external walls and joints and the effects of external walls on the dynamic properties of steel frame. Several useful conclusions and suggestions are presented in the paper.
Form-Finding Analysis of Tensioned Fabric Structures Using Nonlinear Analysis Method
Authors: Yee Hooi Min , Kim Jae Yeol , Chong Yong Ong
Published: May 2011

Nonlinear analysis method is one of the earliest methods proposed for form-finding analysis of tensioned fabric structures. However due to some inherent weaknesses, the method has not been fully developed. In this paper, computational strategies for form-finding analysis of tensioned fabric structure using the nonlinear analysis method has been proposed. For the purpose of verification, form-finding analysis on numerical examples of tensioned fabric structures in the form of minimal surfaces Catenoid, Helicoid, Scherk and Enneper have been carried out. Both the obtained shape and pre-stress pattern have been checked with classical solutions for the above minimal surfaces for verification of the effectiveness of the proposed computational strategies.
Study on Load-Bearing Characteristics of Double Layer Stirrup Confined Concrete Square Columns
Authors: Sun Lin Zhu , Yang Fang , Zhou Ya Gang , Xie Zi Ling
Published: May 2011

Double layer stirrup confined concrete columns use two layers of stirrup, inside and outside, to constrain the core concrete. In this paper, in order to analyze the effect of double layer stirrups on the axial compression characteristics of concrete square columns, to determine the strength and deformation characteristics of double layer stirrup confined concrete square columns, and to establish the bearing capacity calculation equation for double layer stirrup confined concrete square columns, we designed 16 specimens to conduct axial compression test, from which a series of test data were obtained for double layer stirrup confined concrete square columns. We built the bearing capacity calculation equation for double layer stirrup confined concrete components on the basis of analysis and study and compared the calculated values with the test ones, and these data fit well; therefore, the study can provide reference for design and application of double layer stirrup confined concrete square columns.
Finite Element Analysis on the Local Buckling Behavior of High Strength Steel Members under Axial Compression
Authors: Shi Gang , Lin Cuo Cuo , Wang Yuan Qing , Shi Yong Jiu , Liu Zhao
Published: May 2011

Compared to the ordinary strength steel extensively applied in structures currently, high strength steel, a new kind of construction material, has many differences on mechanical properties. Though high strength steel has been applied in several projects in the world, which has obtained good effects, there is a lack of the design method for high strength steel structures and researches on the loading capacity of high strength steel members. To study the local buckling behavior of high strength steel members under axial compression, finite element models are developed to predict the loading capacity of high strength steel welded I-section and box-section stub columns under axial compression in this paper. With accurate simulation of 17 high strength steel specimens, the finite element analysis results agree well with the corresponding test results, and the average deviation of the ultimate loading capacity of 17 specimens is about -3.1%. It’s verified that the finite element models developed in this paper can accurately simulate high strength steel members with the initial geometric imperfections and residual stresses, and analyze the local buckling behavior of high strength steel members under axial compression. In addition, it provides a basis for the parametric study of high strength steel members under axial compression in future.
Strength and Stiffness of Corrugated Rib Connector
Authors: Su Qing Tian , Wang Dong Fang
Published: May 2011

Connectors are the key element in steel and concrete composite structure. To research and develop new type connector for steel and concrete composite structure, a new type connector, corrugated rib connector, was developed. The base mechanical properties of this connector were tested by push-out tests. The test results shown the mechanical properties of this connector are excellent. Comparing to the push-out test results of perfobond rib connector, the shear strength of corrugated rib connector increased 24 percent than that of the perfobond rib connector, and the shear stiffness of corrugated rib connector is larger than that of the perfobond rib connector, Especially the ductility of corrugated rib connector is 1.9 times that of the perfobond rib connector when they reach the ultimate load. Based on the load-slip relation of corrugated rib connector by push-out tests, relative stiffness expressions under normal service state and ultimate bearing capacity state are obtained.
Control Method on Main Girder Configuration of Self-Anchored Suspension Bridges Based on Long Segment Hoisting Method
Authors: Zhao Yu , Wei Jia Le , He Shuan Hai
Published: May 2011

Based on the object of self-anchored suspension bridge constructed with long segment hoist method, the load-carrying characteristics and construction technique which is different from other self-anchored suspension bridge is analyzed, and the method of calculation and control on steel box girder configuration during the construction course of long segment hoisted are proposed. For different calculation methods of girder configuration lifting, the influences of the three manners of pre-cambering for steel girders on the configuration and internal force of finished bridge are analyzed. The results show that inverse erection— forward erection—unstressed state synthetic method can guarantee the minimum deviation of steel girder configuration of finished bridge with the design, and it is not necessary to adjust the suspension cable force, and there is no change in main cable configuration and internal force.
Analysis of Cable-Stayed Bridge for APDL-Based Optimization
Authors: Zhang Tao , Bai Hai Feng
Published: May 2011

Optimum design for a cable-stayed bridge structure is very complicated because of large number of design variables. Use of ANSYS parametric design language in optimizing such structure consumes little computational time. The finished dead state analysis for single pylon double cable plane cable-stayed bridge with 120m long is performed. Mechanics equivalent are developed for the main pylon with concrete-filled steel tube. Prestress girder finite element model is established also. The theory of minimum bending strain energy is used in deriving the objective function as the quadratic form of the post-tensioning cable forces. In addition, the maximum deflection of the pylon and the maximum stresses of the main girder are both implemented in the optimization model. Optimized cable forces are found by optimization. Calculated results show that after the optimization, the cable force slightly changes, yet the internal force state under dead load remarkably improves, the bending stress of girder as well as the deflection of pylon significantly decreases. All these variations are satisfied for the limit value of engineering code. The results obtained revealed that the method presented indeed leads to optimal structural performance for the cable-stayed bridge in particular, and might be a useful reference for the design of other similar bridges.
Numerical Simulation of Vibration of Highway Cable-Stayed Bridge with Steel Arch Tower due to Moving Vehicle Loads
Authors: Li Xin , Liang Li , Wang Fu Chun
Published: May 2011

Recently, with the development of highway traffic cause and long-span bridges, the vibration performances of highway bridges due to moving vehicle loads have attracted more and more attention. The vibration of a cable-stayed bridge with steel arch tower subjected to vehicle loads was studied in this paper. Firstly, the dynamic model of vehicle and finite element model of bridge were built and the dynamic differential equations of vehicle model and vehicle-bridge coupled system were derived. Then road roughness was simulated using superposition method of trigonometric series. Finally, the bridge responses caused by vehicle loads were calculated numerically. Furthermore, the effects of road roughness, vehicle velocity and bridge damping on bridge responses and their dynamic amplification factors were studied. The results and conclusions of present study are expected to be useful for the future revision of bridge design codes and maintenance and management of bridge.
Local Stress Analysis of Orthotropic Steel Bridge Decks in High-Speed Railway
Authors: Li Yun Sheng , Tian Yang , Zhang Yan Ling
Published: May 2011

Orthotropic decks are commonly used in high-speed railway bridges. Finite-element model is established by ANSYS for orthotropic steel bridge deck in this paper. Taking the standard PDL ZK live load as the train load, the local stress of the rib-to-deck joint, the rib-to-crossbeam joint, and the cut-outs of the crossbeam are analyzed respectively. Analysis results show that the stress concentration of bridge deck mainly appears at the intersecting part of the U-shaped rib, crossbeam, and bridge deck. In the whole bridge deck, the local stress level of the cut-outs in crossbeam is almost the highest, and the cut-outs is distorted seriously; the maximum stress of crossbeam cut-outs is mainly concentrated at the lower arc of the cut-outs, which is one of the positions prone to fatigue failure.
Homology, Hierarchy, and Space - A Case Study of Wu’s House
Authors: Li Xu Jia
Published: May 2011

This paper is a case study of Wu’s house, which is located at the Majiamiao hutong, only several blocks away from the imperial palace—the Forbidden City in Beijing. It is a typical quadrangle called Siheyuan, or "four-side enclosed courtyard". Historians declared that, judging by the architectural style and interior decoration, the house might have been constructed in the late Ming dynasty [1], which means the history of the house could go back for more than 400 years. The complete story of the house and its owners can be divided into three parts: first, a house for a large feudal family before 1949; secondly, a house for a famous dramatist until 1966; and finally, a house for the city poor from the Great Cultural Revolution on. During 400 years of social evolution and revolution, especially in the past 50 years, the house and the families who lived in it underwent great changes. The precise homology and strict hierarchy in Siheyuan, implied by the order of orientation and scale of the buildings within the house, was weakened gradually by the “revolutionists” who tried to establish an absolute equality among the people in every detail of their lives, including their house. However, never will a house like Siheyuan be equal to every member in it because it was born of politics.
Influences of Beam-Arch Combination Bridge Structure Arrangement on Mechanical Characteristics
Authors: Ji Ri Chen , Xu Yue Zhen , Sun Ying Zhe
Published: May 2011

For the arrangement of suspender and arch rib in the combination of beam and arch bridge, the finite element model is established according to the background of practical engineering. The influence of the variations of structure design parameters on structure characteristics of the static and dynamic is analyzed. The calculation results show that the different layout of suspender has small effect on the axial force variations of tie beam and arch rib, but has bigger influence on the bending moment of partial section. The structural transverse basic frequency augments with increase of arch rib leaning-angle, the vertical and twisting basic frequency is larger when the leaning suspender and netted suspender are used. The arrangement of suspender and arch rib should be optimized in the design of similar bridge.
Behavior of Cantilever RC Beam Support Strengthened with Near-Surface-Mounted FRP Bars
Authors: Wang Xing Guo , Yue Jun Hui , Li Li , Zheng Yu Zhou
Published: May 2011

Several parameters, including typical loads, deflection, strains of steel bar and fiber- reinforced-polymer(FRP) bar under different sustained loading, were studied. The yield load and ultimate load of cantilever beams strengthened with near-surface-mounted(NSM) FRP bars are improved by 6.0%~15.2% and 55.7%~64.5% compared with non-strengthened beams, respectively. For strengthened beams,sustained loading can weaken the reinforced effect.The flexural behaviors of mounted beams were influenced by the lateral groove .
Failure Testing of a Full-Scale Reinforced Concrete T-Girder Bridge
Authors: Zhang Jin Quan , Ren Hong Wei , Yu Bo
Published: May 2011

As a common type of bridge, the reinforced concrete simply supported T-girder bridges have some usual disease problems such as web vertical cracks, incline cracks near the supports and diaphragm damage, and so on injured by transportation loads. In Shanxi province most of T-girder bridges appear to be under strength for current vehicle loads because most of which are designed by conventional methods and the old codes so it is important to evaluate how the existing damage influence the ultimate bearing capacity of the bridge. The destructive test is a directive mean of verifying the ultimate bearing capacity of bridges. This paper provides details of a destructive load test of a T-girder bridge called Zuojiabao Bridge. It describes the analysis performed prior to testing, aimed at predicting the response of the structure at both serviceability and ultimate states, and discusses the results obtained.The development rule of strain, deflection and crack and the ultimate bearing capacity of the bridge were obtained through the destructive test process. The results showthat although the old T-girder bridge has enough bearing capacity to satisfy the new vehicle standard, it is strongly recommended to strengthen or retrofit the bridge. And the finite element analysis can be effectively applied to the failure analysis of the reinforced concrete T-girder bridge subjected to destructive load.
Review of Technical State Assessment for Substructure of Existing Bridge with Mid-Small Span
Authors: Huang Zhi Wei , Huang Qiao , Ren Yuan
Published: May 2011

Aiming at state assessment on substructure of the existing bridge with mid-small span, existing main assessing methods are outlined and their merits and shortcomings are commented. The uncertainty evaluation methods, such as uncertain analytical hierarchy process method and fuzzy comprehensive assessment theory, are illuminated to be the trend of new assessing theory systems. Finally, some exigent research orientations are suggested in this paper.
Equivalent Space Rigid Frame Model of Pile-Group Foundation
Authors: Yin Hai Jun , Yuan Guang Yao , Zhang Rui Jie
Published: May 2011

The paper suggests a space rigid frame model which is equivalent to the space flexibility of pile-group foundation. Firstly, calculating the flexibility of pile-group foundation with “m” method, then the formulas to calculate geometrical parameters such as height of the rigid frame, length and width of the column section, as well as distance between the columns are deduced. So the equivalent rigid frame is acquired exclusively by these parameters. Finally ,discussing the accurate simulation of vertical flexibility and tensional flexibility. Which are achieved by additional springs.
Seismic Response of Bridge Pier in Deep Water Considering close Fluid-Structure Interaction Effects
Authors: Wang Zhi Hua , Gu Chong Shi , Chen Guo Xing
Published: May 2011

Based on the Navier-Stokes equations which are set up with the arbitrary Lagrange-Euler description, a finite element model considering close fluid-structure interaction (FST) is established to analyze the seismic response of bridge piers in the deep water. The influence of close FSI on the bridge pier is analyzed including the relative displacement, shear force and bending moment. In addition, the close FSI and its effects are discussed with respect to different water levels. The results of the case study indicate that the displacement and internal force will become larger obviously when the FSI is considered. Effects of the close FSI on seismic response of the pier are related to the frequency characteristics of the input earthquake wave. The larger the peak displacement of input earthquake wave, the larger the FSI effects on the displacement response of the pier are and the smaller the FSI effects on the internal force response of the pier. Additionally, the effect of the water level on internal force response of the pier is more remarkable than that on the displacement response of the pier.
Optimization Design Method of Steel Truss Girder Bridge Reliability
Authors: Yang Gang , Zhang Ai Feng , Li Xin Kui
Published: May 2011

The research of optimization for steel truss bridge based on reliability theory is discussed by using optimization and reliability module in ANSYS software. The reliability design method is elucidated by comparing the results of common design with general optimization and reliability optimization.
Application of Factor Analysis to Risk Evaluation of Bridge Construction
Authors: Li Qing Fu , Li Zhen Xin , Niu Jie
Published: May 2011

In this paper, the basic theory of factor analysis and the possibility of its application in the risk analysis of bridge construction was discussed. By making risk questionnaires, the basic data on the factor of bridge construction was summarized. On the basis of statistical processing of the data by SPSS 10.0 software, seven categories of main risk factors were pointed out , which are economy risk, contract and law risk , design risk, construction technique risk ,environment risk ,staff risk and material and equipment risk. Besides, the importance index and the correlation of the risk factors were calculated out. Sequentially, the risk of bridge construction can be evaluated quantitatively.
Study on the Effect of Prestressed Degree on Seismic Performance of Prestressed Concrete Pier
Authors: Wang Hui Li , Qin Si Feng , Pan Zhe , Jiang Rong Bin
Published: May 2011

The effect of prestressed degree on seismic performance of prestressed concrete pier is studied. The plastic hinge properties is gotten by means of reinforce bilinear model and concrete Kent—R.Park model. The different plastic hinge hysteresisloops are obtained by setting prestressing tendons and changing prestressed degree. The result indicates that prestressed concrete pier can bear more great ultimate bending moment and more large dissipation energy ability than common concrete pier. Within the ultimate compressive strength, with the increase of prestressed degree, its relative ultimate bending moment of the prestressed concrete pier rises, and dissipation energy ability rises.
Application of AHP Based on Entropy Weight for Risk Identification in Bridge Construction
Authors: Li Qing Fu , Cong Ping , Yang Hong Tao , Li Hai Feng
Published: May 2011

The evaluations on the same factor from different experts, based on AHP, are not identical, and some even far cry, because the evaluation may be effected by the knowledge, experience and emotion of the experts. To remedy this shortage, this paper established a hierarchical analysis model based on entropy. In the model, entropy value represents the uncertainty of the results. And entropy weight reflects the contribution of every expert in the assessment. Then comprehensive combination weights of the factors are determined, reflecting the importance of every factor. Applying the method, the risk factors in some bridge construction were analyzed, and, the conclusion has important significance for correct risk countermeasures and smooth construction.
Remote Monitoring and Assessment Systems Design for Long-Span Continuous Rigid Frame Bridges
Authors: Tan Dong Lian , Zhang Hong Tao , Wang Hao , Ye Lan Zhou , Yan Wen Hua
Published: May 2011

On the basis of analyzing the necessary, such as the bridge monitoring data management, safety state evaluation, evaluation opinions and etc , this paper designs a remote monitoring and assessment system (BRMAS)with the parametric, intelligent and modular design thought, and applicates object-oriented software Microsoft VC++ to developt BRMAS system, which gives a system structure, function module and evaluation model. Through applying the design scheme and developed software into a highway bridge management, applications indicated that BRMAS system is very maneuverable, and realize the modern information management of bridges.
The Study of Aseismatic Performance of Continuous Rigid-Frame Bridge
Authors: Li Yong He , Xiong Ren , Liu Ai Rong , Zhang Jun Ping
Published: May 2011

The aseismatic performance of long span continuous rigid-frame bridge is an important but difficult research topic. To explore the impact of pier height and reinforcement ratio on long span continuous rigid-frame bridge’s aseismatic performance, Midas/Civil bridge Finite Element program is used to construct the three-dimensional model of a continuous rigid-frame bridge in this research. Fiber element and plastic hinge are used in pier simulation. Through the adjustment of pier height and ratio of reinforcement, the internal force, displacement and plastic rotation of bridge pier’s critical sections are analyzed under the action of seismic loading. Thereby, the impact of pier height and plastic hinge on such bridge’s aseismatic performance is obtained. It is shown that: maximum displacement, bending moment and plastic rotation increase at pier cap with pier height, indicating that pier height has strong impact on seismic response. And with increasing reinforcement ratio, the bending moment and yielding moment at pier cap and base both increase. Therefore, suitable pier height and reinforcement ratio should be selected for better aseismatic performance.
Study of the Baseline Finite Element Model of a Cable-Stayed Bridge Based on the Field Inspection Data
Authors: Wang Hui Ping , Jin Qiao
Published: May 2011

For steel cable-stayed bridges which have been operating for many years, their static and dynamic parameters have been being changed because of corrosion and overloading. Therefore, an adjustable numerical model, describing and orienting all the various phases of the safety status of bridges, is needed for a theoretical guide of daily maintenance or periodical repair for them. In order to build such a model reflecting the different phases of working conditions of a bridge, a link between the model and the present condition of the targeted bridge should be erected by periodical field inspections for the structure. In this paper, backed on a practical engineering example, the Shengli cable-stayed bridge of Dongying, a finite element model (FEM) based on the periodical field inspection data was proposed, which could possess a strategy modified correspondingly according to parts or all of the results in the field inspections. Specifically, for the initial FEM, three important issues in the modeling of such a complicated bridge, such as simulation of boundary conditions, equivalence of orthotropic steel deck, and implementation of accurate cable tensions, were firstly studied. Then, the initial finite element model built was modified in terms of the optimization principle by minimizing the difference between the static deflections resulting from the field inspection and those calculated by the FEM before being modified. Lastly, dynamic results from the field inspection were compared with those from the optimized FEM to justify feasibility and reasonability of the developed three-dimension FEM which could reflect one or some certain properties of the structure we were emphatically paying attention to. This model-building and model-modifying method for the baseline FEM of the Shengli cable-stayed bridge also provided reference for the similar existing cable-stayed bridges.
Research on Overall Stability of Concrete-Filled Steel Tubular Bowstring Arch Bridge
Authors: Li Zi Lin , Zhou Pei Yuan
Published: May 2011

Based on the finite element theory, the computational model, one through concrete filled steel tube tied-arch bridge was established under the considerations of both geometrical non-linearity and material non-linearity. And using the ANSYS software to study the bridge's arch rib construction process and the overall stability after the complete construction, the results show that the full-bridge’s stability coefficient are larger than other concrete-filled steel tube arch bridge; the in-plane stiffness is larger than the out-plane stiffness, and the influence of material non-linearity on the stability is notable. The results provide a good reference for the similar bridge's design and construction.
Dynamic Characteristics Study of U-Beam Applied in Rail Transit
Authors: Zhang Xun , Li Xiao Zhen , Li Ya Dong
Published: May 2011

The Train-Track-Bridge coupling vibration theory was applied to analyze the dynamic characteristics of a U-beam serviced in Chongqing Rail Transit Line 1 in China. According to the analysis, for the U-beam form of this opening cross-section, the traditional 3D beam element model can only reflect the first-order vibration mode, but neglect the coupled local flexure and torsion vibration characteristics; the 3D beam element model overestimates the lateral stiffness of the bridge, and underestimates it’s lateral vibration; the 3D plate element model is reasonable in dynamic analysis of opening cross-section structure; the vibration of U-beam dominates in the frequency range off< 250, which is accurate and efficient to take into account this frequency range in the analysis of noise radiated by bridge structure.
The Parameter Sensitivity Analysis of the Externally Prestressed Composite Beam
Authors: Li Jin , Sun Bei , Li Qing Ning , Li Long
Published: May 2011

This paper used the OpenSees[1] to simulate an externally prestressed composite beam, by contrasting the experimental results to explore the factors that affect the accuracy of the numerical simulation. The different numerical models are constituted with the different material constitutive models in this paper, with the different section fiber division and other factors. We can consider the method of a part of combination beam section which is connecting with shear rivets. The results show that the different concrete constitutive model and the hardening of the steel constitutive model are the important factors of the accuracy of model, and the Gaussian integration points have 3~5 are bitterly for the simulate mode. This study can provide a theoretical basis for the externally prestressed composite beam’s bending behavior of steel beam section’s numerical simulation with the fiber model.
The Finite-Element Simulation for Reinforced Concrete Frames Including the Softening Behaviour
Authors: Jiang Wei Guo
Published: May 2011

In performance-based seismic design method, it is very important to have a good command of the nonlinear performance of a structural system, including in the collapse stage. In this paper, a nonlinear finite-element analysis on reinforced concrete moment frames is carried out. After studying the forces and deformations behavior in beam-column elements, the element stiffness matrix of distributed plasticity beam-column element is deduced using the Cotes scheme with 5 integration points. During the occurrence and development of plastic hinges, sections at some integration points will experience loading, unloading and reverse loading and the stiffness of these sections will experience various status. A quadrilinear form moment-curvature relationships with curvature- softening behavior and the hysteretic modes are used in the nonlinear static analysis program. The numerical analysis is carried out and the numerical results validate the load-displacement relationships and the yield mechanism of experiment frames.
Influence of Grey System Parameter Identification Method on Prediction of Bearing Capacity of Piles
Authors: Yang Fang , Sun Lin Zhu , Xie Zi Ling , Zhou Ya Gang
Published: May 2011

An unequal interval grey model GM (1,1) was established according to the variation characteristics of sequence data about the bearing capacity of overlength piles, and a difference equations was usually adopted to replace the grey differential equation for determining the system parameters of the model; however, great errors would occur when the model thus established was used to predict the bearing capacity of overlength piles, that is, the prediction results would be overestimated or underestimated. In order to improve the prediction accuracy of the model, we established an error objective function based on optimization theory in this study, employed the method of nonlinear least squares to identify the system parameters in the grey differential equation for the bearing capacity of overlength piles, and built an optimization-based grey optimization model. The model system built with optimization method was used to predict the bearing capacity of overlength piles, and the predicted values fit the test values well. In addition, the model system had a higher accuracy, compared with the grey difference model built with difference method; therefore, the model system built with optimization method could provide reference for prediction of the bearing capacity of overlength piles.
A Study on Dynamic Properties of Cement-Stabilized Soils
Authors: Tsai Pei Hsun , Ni Sheng Huoo
Published: May 2011

In this paper the dynamic property (shear modulus and damping ratio) of cement-stabilized soil is studied with using the resonant column test. The amount of cement admixed, the magnitude of confining pressure, and shearing strain amplitude are the parameters considered. Test results show that the maximum shear modulus of cement-stabilized soil increases with increasing confining pressure, the minimum damping ratio decreases with increasing confining pressure. The shear modulus of cement-stabilized soil decreases with increasing shearing strain while the damping ratio increases with increasing shearing strain. In the paper the relationship of shear modulus versus shearing strain is fitted into the Ramberg-Osgood equations using regression analysis.