bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
"Wood Security": the importance of incentives and economic valorisation in conserving and expanding forests
Authors: Dieterle G. , Karsenty A.
Published: June 2020

Tropical forest degradation is a major source of greenhouse-gas emissions, but international forest and climate policies are yet to respond decisively to this. In some regions, as a result of population growth, climate change and forest degradation, the increased need for wood, whether
for timber or fuelwood, will exceed the sustainable supply capacity of natural forests and plantations, potentially accelerating deforestation processes. As with the issue of food security, a problem of "wood supply security" is emerging in several developing countries. This issue is poorly
understood by most international initiatives focused on climate or biodiversity, which want to conserve forests but neglect the importance of the productive role of forests to support this conservation through their sustainable use. Solutions exist, but a number of barriers, starting with
unclear tenure rights and short-sighted policy choices, prevent the large-scale deployment of these ones. Putting investment back at the forefront of the international agenda and setting the right incentives for producers is necessary to overcome these barriers and create the conditions for
achieving future results sought by the "results-based payments" schemes such as REDD+, currently favoured by donors. Beyond the production side, the role of the global demand and the consumers is critical, and trade policies should evolve significantly to favour sustainable and deforestation-free
productions.
The future of planted forests
Authors: Carle J. B. , Duval A. , Ashfordc S.
Published: June 2020

Although planted forests have produced forest products for centuries, the past 4-5 decades has seen an increase in diversity of species, areas planted, growth rates, harvest yields, forest products and the acknowledgement of a wide range of ecosystem services. This paper highlights
the potential role of planted forests towards the mid-21 st Century through changing conditions including climate, indigenous forest resources, land availability, socio economic and environmental conditions, innovative forest and forest industries technologies, market demands for sustainability
and legality and new innovations in green growth economies. Lessons learned from the past will assist in determining the issues, opportunities, and challenges facing the future of planted forests.
Social Justice and Gender
Authors: Loader William
Published: June 2020

This article examines the impact of the widespread pattern of unequal age at marriage which led men to conclude that not only were their wives less experienced and mature, they were also inferior by nature. It examines the ideological underpinning for the view of women’s inferiority in Plato and the Genesis creation stories, especially in their Greek translation. It then traces the way this value system found expression in the traditional allocation of gender roles, women taking responsibility for the internal affairs of the household and men for the external affairs, including public discourse. There were exceptions both within Judaism and within the early Christian movement. These and the egalitarian thoughts in Christian beginnings had the potential to subvert these norms, over time, but a long time.
Model Test on the Soil Arching Effect of Pile-Supported Embankments Using Transparent Soil
Authors: Ding Xuanming , Wu Qi , Huang Yuhang , Zhang Yanling
Published: June 2020

Pile-supported embankments have been widely used in subgrade engineering for highways and high-speed railways. Soil arching has an important effect on the deformation characteristics of pile-supported embankments. In this study, a new model testing apparatus and its test method for the soil arching effect were developed based on the transparent soil method and particle image velocimetry technique. The composition of the apparatus and the test steps were elaborated in detail. The development of the soil arch with the settlement of foundation soil was explored. The variations in the settlement of the embankment at different elevations and distances from the pile center were analyzed, and afterwards, the effect of pile spacing on the embankment settlement was discussed. The results revealed that a basin-shaped soil arch gradually formed in the embankment, with the settlement of the soil between the piles. The settlement below the arch boundary was larger, and the settlement above the arch boundary was relatively small. An equal settlement plane appeared in the embankment. The elevation of the equal settlement plane increased with increased pile spacing. The maximum settlement occurred at the center of the soil between the piles on the pile cap top plane. The settlement of the embankment increased as the pile spacing increased. This study provides a new solution for understanding the spatial effect of soil arching in pile-supported embankments.
Pelanggaran Hak Cipta Karya Fotografi Di Media Daring Menurut Hak Kekayaan Intelektual
Authors: Putri Karina , Nahrowi Nahrowi
Published: June 2020

Studi ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji perlindungan hukum terhadap pencipta Hak Cipta karya fotografi yang hak moral dan hak ekonomi dilanggar di media internet menurut Undang-Undang Nomor 28 Tahun 2014 tentang Hak Cipta. Metode penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan bersifat penelitian yuridis normatif, yaitu penelitian yang mengacu pada norma-norma hukum yang ada dalam peraturan perundang-undangan, literatur, pendapat ahli dan makalah-makalah.Hasil dalam penelitian ini menunjukkan pelanggaran hak cipta fotografi masih marak terjadi, mengacu kepada salah satu kasus Aryono, yang foto di instagram pribadinya diambil oleh media online untuk kepentingan komersial. Dalam kasus ini terjadi pelanggaran hak moral dan hak ekonomi. Di dalam Undang-Undang Hak Cipta dijelaskan pada pasal 5 hak moral melekat kepada pencipta untuk mempertahankan hak pencipta yang berlaku seumur hidup dan jika digunakan untuk komersial dijelaskan pada pasal 9 pencipta memiliki hak ekonomi yaitu setiap orang wajib mendapatkan izin pencipta untuk melakukan penggunaan komersial perlindungan ini berlaku selama 50 tahun.
Supercritical behavior of magnetic and liquid model systems
Authors: Galdina A. N.
Published: June 2020

The supercritical transitions are widely occurring. They include the supercritical transitions in the liquid-vapor system, ferromagnetic transitions, transitions in polymers, many transitions in liquid crystals, and some structural transitions. In the paper it is emphasized that the nature of the critical and supercritical transitions is the same – these are continuous fluctuation transitions. Above the critical temperature the system passes through a region of lowered stability, which leads to increase of fluctuations of energy and external parameters of the system. From the point of view of thermodynamic stability this indicates the existence of a continuous supercritical transition between supercritical  mesophases. Knowing the basic stability characteristics of a system, we derive the equation of these mesophase transitions. Depending on a thermal equation type, we can get one or several such equations, which may not coincide. This approves the fact that a supercritical transition occurs in a certain interval of thermodynamic forces.
In the paper the relations between the critical exponents of thermodynamic parameters of the system are obtained and the conditions of continuous conjugation of the lowered stability line to subcritical coexistence line are investigated. The results are applied to the Curie–Weiss and van der Waals models: we obtain the quasi-spinodal equation for these systems and analyze the critical and supercritical behavior of the stability characteristics.
Features of tin-bath hardening for small parts
Authors: Skorbyaschensky E. S. , Bashev V. F. , Polishko A. N. , Antropov S. N.
Published: June 2020

The method of quenching in tin melt was tested for low-weight parts with a large specific surface, made of a number of steels with a high temperature of the onset of martensitic transformation. The advantages of this method in comparison with traditional hardening technologies are established, as well as regularities in the change of cooling curves for various mass ratios of the part and the quencher are revealed. The practical possibility of adjusting the cooling rates in the process of hardening in various temperature ranges in order to optimize the phase ratio in steel while maintaining the possibility of preventing the occurrence of microcracks is shown.
Saturating ability of the borax melt
Authors: Fedorenkova L. I. , Fedina G. P.
Published: June 2020

The work is devoted to the research of influence of the electrolysis on the saturating ability of the electrolyte, which is a borax melt. To establish regularity when the saturating medium activity changes, which influences the intensification of saturation process, the structure and properties of borax during electrolysis were investigated. The change in the saturating medium activity was estimated by a relative value equal to the ratio of the boride layer depth obtained by non-electrolysis borating to the layer depth obtained by electrolysis borating. When comparing the real and theoretical saturating abilities, their convergence was observed. It was found that the saturation ability of the borax melt increases with increasing electrolyte runtime, which is due to a change in the structural components of the borax melt. A quantum-chemical calculation of the borax molecule structure was carried out using the non-empirical method of molecular orbitals in the theory of the density functional (DFT) with the three-parameter exchange-correlation functional B3LYP. Calculations show that two main structures are characteristic of a borax molecule: non-coplanar, with two mutually perpendicular 4-membered boron-oxygen cycles and flat linear. An increase in the saturation ability of the borax melt during electrolysis allows the development of new low-energy borating processes.
I─V characteristics of Bi4Ge3O12─Mn crystals in the unipolar injection mode
Authors: Bochkova T. M. , Plyaka S. N.
Published: June 2020

Current-voltage relations in Bi4Ge3O12 ─ Mn crystals were measured under the conditions of unipolar injection of charge carriers. The characteristics obtained for electrons and holes are different. I-V curves in the case of electron injection contain ohmic, quadratic regions and regions of a sharp increase in current. This indicates the formation of a space charge enriched in electrons. The values of conductivity, effective drift mobility, and electron concentration calculated at different temperatures are close to the values obtained for pure crystals. In the case of hole injection I-V curves are characterized by the presence of sublinear regions. It is assumed that injection of the holes causes the formation of a space charge layer depleted in electrons due to the recombination. It is shown that doping with manganese does not change the nature of conductivity in bismuth germanate crystals and strongly affects the recombination processes.
Dielectric properties of Bi12SiO20 crystals doped with Al
Authors: Panchenko T. V. , Karpova L. M.
Published: June 2020

The temperature-frequency dependences of the complex dielectric permittivity ε and the voltage-farad characteristics of undoped and aluminum doped Bi12SiO20 crystals are studied before and after their polarization. It is shown that Al ions in the Bi12SiO20 dielectric matrix provide a significant increase as well as nonlinearity of ε in the temperature range 300 – 800 K and electric field strengths Е = 103 – 104 V/cm. It is shown that polarization causes the appearance of dielectric hysteresis loops. Al impurity significantly affects the appearance and parameters of these loops. The role of Al ions in increasing the contribution of the quasi-dipole mechanism in the polarization processes is revealed.
Analysis of relaxation of varistor-posistor voltage limiting device in photovoltaic modules during renewal of lighting
Authors: Tonkoshkur A. S. , Ivanchenko A. V.
Published: June 2020

The features of the operation of the circuit method based on a structure of a varistor-PPTC fuse type being in thermal contact to protect the photovoltaic cells from overvoltages arising from the partial shading of the photovoltaic modules of solar arrays are considered. The conditions for the relaxation of the functional characteristics of such voltage limiting devices to the initial state which does not affect the operation of the photovoltaic module during renewal of lighting of the photovoltaic cells are analyzed. It is established that the temperature and resistance dependences of the PPTC element, which determine its state, have a relaxation character at small values of such parameters of the voltage limiting device as the passport values of the resistance of the PPTC element in the conducting (“cold”) state and thermal resistance of the voltage limiting device. The relaxation time is of the order of a few seconds. For large values of the indicated parameters, a situation may occur when such relaxation is absent and the voltage limiting device maintains an active low-conductive (“hot”) state.
Endodontic Biofilm - An Enigma to the dentist : A review article
Authors: Puri Aashima , Nagpal Jyoti , Mall Mayank , Narwal Pinki , Garg Deepti , Jindal Lucky
Published: June 2020

Biofilm can be defined as a sessile multi-cellular microbial community characterized by cells that are firmly attached to a surface and enmeshed in a self produced matrix of extracellular polymeric substances.1,2 These are very prevalent in the apical root canals of teeth with primary and post-treatment apical periodontitis.3 It can be categorised as intracanal biofilms, extra radicular biofilms, periapical biofilms and biomaterial centered infections.4 The infected root canal harbors a polymicrobial population of aerobic, anaerobic, Gram-positive, and Gram-negative bacteria in a biofilm mode of growth. Bacterias involved are E. faecalis, Coagulase–negative Staphylococcus, S. aureus, Streptococci, P.aeruginosa, fungi, F. nucleatum, P. gingivalis, T. forsythensis, Actinomyces species and P. Propionicum. These are commonly isolated by culture, microscopy, immunological methods and molecular biology methods.3 The microbial communities grown in biofilm are remarkably difficult to eradicate with antimicrobial agents. Therefore, different antimicrobials ranging from antimicrobial irrigants to advanced antimicrobial methods such as lasers, photoactivated disinfection, and nanoparticles are employed in the management of infected root canal systems.4
Being creative – The gap between law and reality
Authors: Hanson Stuart
Published: June 2020

Case study
Glucose Involvement in Articular Cartilage Remodeling
Authors: Samitova Alina , Krylov Pavel
Published: June 2020

Currently, the interest in studying glucose as a signaling molecule and a regulator of chondrocyte metabolism is increasing significantly. There is little available data on chondrocytes’ ability to respond to extracellular glucose concentration changes that help them to avoid harmful effects resulting from the lack or accumulation of intracellular glucose. We have collected and analyzed the information about the mechanism of glucose influence on articular cartilage chondrocyte in this study. We have learned that chondrocytes adapt to both high and low glucose concentrations by modulating the synthesis and degradation of GluT1. Consequently, glucose in different concentrations affects many fundamental cellular functions such as the cartilage matrix synthesis and disruption, proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis. To build a functional model of glucose participation in articular cartilage remodeling the exhaustive search and analysis of literature has been performed using open access resources. The scheme reflects key processes that have direct or indirect effects on the catabolic or anabolic function of chondrocytes. As a result, we have created a functional model that shows the effect of glucose on the suppression or expression of compounds that are actively involved in cartilage tissue remodeling. For example, these are compounds such as nitric oxide, aggrecans and type II collagen and others. Despite the role of glucose in energy metabolism in all cell types, including chondrocytes, high concentrations of glucose can also have a harmful effect. The advantage of this model is systematic data, which facilitates the perception of the results and their relevance.
Aspects of Clonal Micropropagation and Conservation of Plants in vitro
Authors: Samarskaya Victoria , Malaeva Elena , Postnova Margarita
Published: June 2020

Despite more than a century of research on effective biotechnological methods to reproduce various plant species, microclonal reproduction continues to be an important tool for large-scale production. The clonal seedlings of important species maintain genetic fidelity and do not contain pests. In some cases, microclonal propagation is the only method that contributes to the maintenance and economic value of specific agricultural plant species. Microclonal reproduction as a method has solved many phytosanitary problems and has allowed both expansion and access to high-quality plants for producers from different countries and economic conditions, thus effectively contributing to the expansion of agriculture now and in the foreseeable future. Currently, this method is widely used in the creation of planting material for crops for agriculture and cultivation of crops of industrial floriculture, fruit, berry crops and woody plants. Thanks to this method, it is possible to create in vitro banks of rare and valuable plant genotypes. Modern technologies of clonal micro-multiplication are at the stage of industrial flow, which quickly responds to market demands. The analysis of domestic and foreign sources of scientific research on microclonal plant propagation has shown that, at the present time, the cost of its use is quite high and requires the presence of laboratories with appropriate equipment and highly qualified staff. Modification and adaptation of the method of microclonal reproduction of plants contributes to the implementation of the morphogenetic potential, determines the specific features of the source material, the type of explant, its physiological state, the composition of nutrient media, and cultivation conditions. At the same time, the cultivation of healthy plants will significantly increase the yield of valuable agricultural products and high adaptive properties of healthy plants that allow them to be cultivated with less chemicals, which will significantly increase their nutritional value and give a greater opportunity to obtain organic products with high-quality characteristics.
Obstructive Sleep Apnea, Other Sleep Characteristics, and Risk of CKD in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Sleep Heart Health Study
Authors: Full Kelsie M. , Jackson Chandra L. , Rebholz Casey M. , Matsushita Kunihiro , Lutsey Pamela L.
Published: June 2020

Significance Statement

Obstructive sleep apnea may be associated with development of CKD, but because individuals with this sleep disorder also are at increased risk for established CKD risk factors such as obesity, hypertension, and type 2 diabetes, more evidence is needed to clarify the relationship. To examine the association between this common sleep disorder and risk of incident CKD (stage ≥3) in late midlife, the authors leveraged polysomnography data from a prospective community-based cohort of 1525 adults who were free of CKD and followed for a median of 19 years. Although severe obstructive sleep apnea was associated with an increased risk of incident CKD, this association was not independent of obesity. Given the high prevalence of obstructive sleep apnea, CKD, and obesity, further investigation in this area is needed.

Background

Obstructive sleep apnea may be associated with development of CKD through hypoxia, inflammation, and oxidative stress. Individuals with this sleep disorder are also at increased risk for established CKD risk factors, including obesity, hypertension, and type 2 diabetes.

Methods

We examined the association between obstructive sleep apnea, other sleep characteristics, and risk of incident CKD (stage 3 or higher) in 1525 participants (mean age, 62.5 years; 52.4% women) in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) study who completed in-home polysomnography assessments. We used the apnea-hypopnea index (events per hour) to define obstructive sleep apnea severity (normal, <5.0; mild, 5.0–14.9; moderate, 15.0–29.9; and severe, ≥30.0) and defined incident CKD (stage 3 or higher) as eGFR<60 ml/min per 1.73 m2 and ≥25% decline from baseline, CKD-related hospitalization or death, or ESKD. Cox proportional hazards regression was used to estimate obstructive sleep apnea severity with risk of incident CKD, adjusting for demographics, lifestyle behaviors, and cardiometabolic conditions.

Results

During 19 years (median) of follow-up, 461 CKD events occurred. After adjustment for demographics and lifestyle behaviors, severe obstructive sleep apnea associated with increased risk of CKD (hazard ratio [HR], 1.51; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], 1.08 to 2.10), which was attenuated after adjustment for body mass index (HR, 1.07; 95% CI, 0.75 to 1.52). No other sleep characteristics associated with incident CKD.

Conclusions

We found a link between obstructive sleep apnea and an elevated risk of stage 3 CKD or higher, but this association was no longer significant after adjusting for obesity, a risk factor for both conditions. Given the high prevalence of obstructive sleep apnea and CKD among adults, further investigation is warranted.
Estruturas de Governança e Atributos das Transações no Complexo Agroindustrial de Florestas Ribas do Rio Pardo (MS)
Authors: Gabriel Flávio Braga de Almeida , Centurião Daniel Amorim Souza , Welter Caroline Andressa , Silva Grazielli Olimpia Viviani Pedroso da
Published: June 2020

O complexo agroindustrial de florestas de Ribas do Rio Pardo/MS apresenta boa participação na produção de florestas, tanto na região onde se localiza quanto perante ao restante do estado. Caracterizar os agentes deste complexo e suas interações com fornecedores e consumidores tornam-se relevantes quando analisadas do ponto de vista de como o fortalecimento deste complexo pode contribuir para o desenvolvimento local. Assim, este trabalho consiste em responder como os agentes econômicos do complexo agroindustrial de florestas plantadas deste município se relacionam? Para isso, foram adotados os objetivos de identificar quais as estruturas de governança adotadas por este complexo agroindustrial, com base nos atributos das transações, e elencar suas influências no desenvolvimento local. Como referencial teórico, foram utilizados os preceitos da Nova Economia Institucional, em especial a Economia dos Custos de Transação, bem como, as teorias sobre complexo industrial e sua relação com o desenvolvimento local. Como metodologia, realizou-se uma pesquisa qualitativa, com informações primárias e secundárias, através da aplicação de questionários mistos semiestruturados, visitas in loco e conversas com especialistas do segmento. Como resultado, evidencia-se uma heterogeneidade quanto às estruturas de governança presentes no complexo, devido principalmente a grande disparidade existente nos atributos das transações (frequência, incerteza e especificidade dos ativos). Os agentes que transacionam utilizando estruturas de governança mais complexas mantém uma relação de dependência fraca com o restante dos agentes, provocando um efeito punitivo para todo o complexo, pois torna o desenvolvimento local dependente dos elos mais fortes, que mantém uma baixa vinculação com o local.
A confiança como base para o desenvolvimento no Rio Grande do Sul. Um estudo na região metropolitana de Porto Alegre.
Authors: Santos Everton Rodrigo , Pase Hemerson Luiz , Bastos Matos Isis Oliveira
Published: June 2020

Este artigo tem como tema central o capital social e o desenvolvimento local. Objetivamos investigar a relação existente entre essas variáveis a partir do estudo de três cidades do estado do Rio Grande do Sul; São Leopoldo, Novo Hamburgo e Estância Velha, a fim de responder ao seguinte problema de investigação: É possível que o Capital Social tenha uma influência positiva no desenvolvimento local de três cidades gaúchas? O referencial teórico utilizado contempla autores clássicos como Robert Putnam e Amartya Sen, entre outros no intuito de obter maior aporte teórico para trabalhar as questões de capital social e cultura política relacionadas ao desenvolvimento. A metodologia aplicada no presente trabalho tem como base a análise dos resultados de pesquisas tipo surveys domiciliares, aplicadas nos municípios, com amostras probabilísticas, totalizando 1819 questionários, com erro amostral de 4% e confiança de 95%, bem como pesquisa documental aos sites das referidas prefeituras, IBGE, TCE e FEE. Os resultados obtidos corroboram a ideia inicial, sugerindo que o capital social tem um impacto positiva sobre o desenvolvimento local.
Assistência Técnica e Extensão Rural (ATER): formação e conhecimentos para a agricultura familiar do Rio Grande do Norte
Authors: Nunes Emanoel Márcio , Silva Vivian Menezes da , Sá Vinicius Claudino de
Published: June 2020

O objetivo é analisar a formação do quadro de técnicos de Assistência Técnica e Extensão Rural e os conhecimentos necessários para engendrar processos de desenvolvimento rural, considerando que a ATER é uma política que promove a inovação na agricultura familiar através de ações específicas que modificam a realidade dos atores envolvidos. A metodologia consistiu da utilização de dados primários e secundários, sendo os primeiros da aplicação de um questionário estruturado a 135 extensionistas do Instituto de Assistência Técnica e Extensão Rural (EMATER), do Rio Grande do Norte, entre os meses de março a junho de 2018; e os segundos por meio da análise de informações, especialmente as obtidas das regionais da EMATER/RN e da Secretaria Especial de Agricultura Familiar e do Desenvolvimento Agrário (SEAD), através da Coordenação-Geral de Gestão Estratégica, Monitoramento e Avaliação (CGMA/NEAD). Como resultados, verificou-se a necessidade de um caráter menos difusionista e mais extensionista para a formação em nível técnico, tecnólogo e nível superior. E quanto aos conhecimentos prevaleceram temas relacionados com a diversificação e inovação da agricultura familiar, com vistas a inclusão e a construção de mercados.
Desenvolvimento Organizacional Multidimensional: uma perspectiva crítica para os estudos organizacionais
Authors: Fontoura Fernando Batista Bandeira da , Tenório Fernando Guilherme
Published: June 2020

Esta pesquisa teve como objetivo identificar se a perspectiva do Desenvolvimento Organizacional Multidimensional (DOM) é adequada teoricamente para explicar processos de desenvolvimento das organizações em um contexto de desenvolvimento regional. Compreende-se o DOM como uma possibilidade de revisão das formas e métodos organizacionais de desenvolvimento. A abordagem teórica faz uma revisão crítica sobre a “teoria” do Desenvolvimento Organizacional (DO), considerando os aspectos sistêmicos, estruturais e empresariais (multidimensionais) para além da cultura de consumo e da ênfase no lucro, relacionadas com a territorialidade e a sustentabilidade. Ramos (1989), Tenório (2004; 2007; 2011) e De Paula (2015).
Redes sociais e preservação dos modos de produção de queijos artesanais da Ilha do Marajó, PA
Authors: Cruz Benedito Ely Valente da , Nascimento Elcio Costa do , Da Cruz Fabiana Thomé , Calvi Miqueias Freitas
Published: June 2020

Este trabalho objetiva refletir sobre redes sociais desenvolvidas ao longo do sistema de produção dos queijos (tipos manteiga e creme) do Marajó/PA, Brasil. Utilizando abordagem qualitativa, por meio de entrevista semiestruturada e história oral temática, buscou-se analisar e compreender as redes sociais desenvolvidas em torno da produção e consumo dos diferentes tipos de queijos do Marajó, os impactos na produção e na comercialização, suas características consideradas essenciais na manutenção e preservação de sua qualidade, visão dos produtores quanto às mudanças no processo produtivo, suas dificuldades, formas de resistência e permanência ao longo do tempo. Observou-se elevada importância social, econômica e cultural da produção dos queijos nas comunidades visitadas; relevância das redes sociais na definição da qualidade, na continuidade e manutenção da produção local; alta capacidade adaptativa dos produtores frente às elevadas exigências para atender à legislação, e a necessidade de políticas públicas que incentivem, preservem e fomentem a produção artesanal dos queijos do Marajó.
Alternativo versus convencional: uma análise da inserção de agricultores familiares periurbanos em circuitos de comercialização no município de São Luís/MA
Authors: Carneiro Marcelo Sampaio , Braga Camila Lago
Published: June 2020

Este artigo analisa a utilização de diferentes circuitos de comercialização por agricultores familiares que vivem e trabalham em regiões classificadas como periurbanas, isto é, realizada na periferia do espaço urbano (MOUGEOT, 2000), tomando como referência o caso dos agricultores periurbanos da comunidade rural Cinturão Verde no município de São Luís (MA). Para isso, a pesquisa analisa a promessa de diferença presente nas Redes Agroalimentares Alternativas (RAA) ou Sistemas Alimentares Alternativos (SAA) (MARSDEN et al., 2000; LE VELLY, 2017), buscando identificar os fatores que levam esses agricultores familiares a utilizarem cadeias curtas ou longas de comercialização para acessarem diferentes tipos de mercados (convencionais, alternativos ou institucionais) e como os mesmos são acionados a fim de garantir a reprodução desses agricultores familiares (PLOEG, 2016). Portanto, destacam-se algumas dimensões sociais das cadeias curtas que aparecem de formas distintas nos mercados acessados, a saber: a proximidade entre produtores e consumidores; a redução ou eliminação do intermediário; preços justos; e qualidade dos alimentos. Sendo assim, foi possível analisar que os agricultores periurbanos do Cinturão Verde têm buscado um equilíbrio entre autonomia e dependência no tocante ao processo de comercialização, o que implica no acesso tanto a mercados mais alternativos, quanto a mercados convencionais.
Ativismo alimentar e consumo político – Duas gerações de ativismo alimentar no Brasil
Authors: Portilho Fátima
Published: June 2020

O artigo aborda o ativismo alimentar, propondo caracterizá-lo, no contexto brasileiro, em duas gerações. A primeira estaria relacionada à politização da alimentação e teria como característica principal as ações na esfera institucional e o predomínio de críticas éticas. A segunda se relacionaria à politização da comida e do comer, trazendo novos temas, atores e estratégias políticas, com tendência à convergência entre temas éticos e estéticos. Em seguida, o artigo discute a relação entre ativismo alimentar e consumo político, e aponta algumas limitações das pesquisas sobre o tema, além de apresentar dados de pesquisa que indicam uma especificidade da forma como o consumo político vem sendo incorporado pelos ativismos alimentares da América Latina. Embora presente em seus repertórios de ação, o consumo político não parece ser a principal estratégia dos ativismos alimentares da região. Estes movimentos concentram suas ações no fortalecimento do poder regulatório do Estado e na implementação de políticas públicas, além de esforçarem-se para não secundarizar o aspecto ético. Ao final, o artigo aponta uma linha de pesquisa mais promissora para abordar o consumo político alimentar.
Hidrelétricas na Bacia do Uruguai e a promoção do desenvolvimento regional
Authors: Rocha Humberto
Published: June 2020

Este artigo tem por objetivo apresentar elementos para uma discussão sobre em que medida as usinas hidrelétricas de energia (UHE) promovem o desenvolvimento nas regiões onde são instaladas. O estudo tem como referencial espaço-temporal a bacia hidrográfica do Uruguai, no Sul do Brasil, em que se destaca como objeto de análise a UHE Itá. Metodologicamente, o trabalho compreende uma sistematização de dados quantitativos compilados junto aos órgãos competentes, o que é complementado com análise qualitativa baseada em documentos oficiais e trabalhos acadêmicos. O texto está estruturado do seguinte modo: introdução; referencial teórico-metodológico ressaltando a importância da confluência de elementos econômicos, socioambientais e políticos para a análise; concepção de desenvolvimento, distinguindo as noções territorial, regional e local; complexidade das hidrelétricas enquanto projetos de grande escala; breve exercício com dados quantitativos de crescimento econômico e desenvolvimento humano; considerações finais relativizando dados quantitativos a partir de elementos qualitativos. No conjunto, o trabalho sustenta que as hidrelétricas têm capacidade de promover o desenvolvimento regional na medida em que elementos econômicos, políticos e socioambientais forem considerados de forma equilibrada desde a concepção do projeto.
Bimanual Interference Experimental Paradigm v1
Authors: Varghese Rini , Ma Jasmine , Gordon James , L Sainburg Robert , J Winstein Carolee
Published: June 2020

Successful bimanual coordination is accomplished by overcoming a variety of cognitive, perceptual and neuromotor constraints, e.g. higher-order representation of task goals, visual perceptual demands, attention demands, task demands (i.e., speed, accuracy) and sensorimotor integration. Sensorimotor interference in planning, executing and correcting bilateral movements especially arise when the hands are required to accomplish two independent or disparate goals. In this study, we describe the experimental paradigm to study sensorimotor interference during performance of a planar reaching task, in which the experimental condition consists of the two hands moving to two visually cued targets at separate distances (spatially asymmetric). Whereas the control conditions consisted of same-size movements performed unimanually with each limb and bimanually to symmetric targets. The paradigm is a modification of a previously conceptualized model task paradigm (e.g. 1-5) to study interference in discrete bilateral movements, wherein the two limbs are tasked with accomplishing asymmetric movement goals. However, our study paradigm involved important modifications to task design such as absence of online visual feedback (so as to test fairly rapid preprogrammed movements) and task instructions which emphasized speed and accuracy but not interlimb synchrony. The study aims: 1) to characterize sensorimotor interference in discrete bilateral reaching movements in young adults, and subsequently, 2) to determine the influence of the side of stroke on such sensorimotor interference. The experimental paradigm was conducted using the KineReach kinematic data collection system and accompanying software (Sainburg, Pennsylvania State University). MATLAB code to generate session and target files for this experiment are included in this protocol. Details of data processing and analysis will be published in the primary papers and code will be made available thereafter. References: 1. Kelso (1979) 2. Marteniuk (1984) 3. Swinnen (1991) 4. Diedrichsen (2006) 5. Blich (2011)
Die Verwaltungsschale – Lösung für das Datenchaos!
Authors: Tauchnitz Thomas
Published: June 2020

Seit Jahrzehnten leidet die Prozessindustrie an fehlender Durchgängigkeit ihrer Anlagen- und Prozessdaten. Industrie 4.0 benötigt eine Datenintegration über den gesamten Lebenszyklus. Der passende Schlüssel für dieses Problem ist die Verwaltungsschale. Dieser Beitrag stellt an einem Beispiel dar, wie die durchgängige Verwaltungsschale im Lebenszyklus wächst. Daraus ergeben sich konkrete Aufgaben für Gerätehersteller, Integratoren, Hersteller von Engineeringsystemen und Anlagenbetreiber. Das vorgeschlagene Konzept passt zu den aktuellen Ansätzen MTP, NOA, OPA und sogar zur alten „Tauchnitz-Torte“.
Intermodulare funktionale Sicherheit für flexible Anlagen
Authors: Pelzer Florian , Klose Anselm , Barth Mike , Manske Hartmut , Oehlert Rainer , Vélez León Silvia , Horch Alexander , Knab Jochen , Gut Bernhard , Drath Rainer , Urbas Leon
Published: June 2020

Die Standardisierung der automatisierungstechnischen Schnittstelle von Process Equipment Assemblies (PEA) durch das Module Type Package (MTP) gemäß VDI/VDE/NAMUR 2658 ermöglicht der Prozessindustrie neue Methoden zur Flexibilisierung von Anlagen. Während das übergeordnete Ziel, gefährliche Zustände prinzipiell zu vermeiden selbstverständlich weiterhin bestehen bleibt, sind insbesondere bei flexiblen Anlagenstrukturen zusätzliche Sicherheitsmaßnahmen notwendig. Da nicht jederzeit und vorausschauend alle sicherheitsrelevanten Szenarien abgedeckt werden können, wird in diesem ersten von zweiBeitragsteilen eine Sammlung von Anforderungen an die funktionale Sicherheit in modularen Anlagen vorgestellt. Das besondere Augenmerk liegt dabei auf sicherheitsrelevanten Aspekten die über die PEA-Grenzen hinweg gehen. Diese Betrachtungen sind für PEA-Hersteller in Planung sowie Bau relevant und geben Betreibern einen Überblick, welche Sicherheitsmaßnahmen auf Anlagenebene (intra- sowie intermodular) umzusetzen sind. In einem anschließenden zweiten Beitragsteil, der in Ausgabe 10/2020 veröffentlicht wird, wird ein Konzept zur Umsetzung einer intermodularen Sicherheitsverschaltung vorgestellt und an einem Demonstrator validiert.
Antrenör Kaynaklı Destekleyici ve Kısıtlayıcı Güdüsel İklimin Sporcuların Tükenmişlik ve Ahlaki Karar Alma Tutumları ile İlişkisi
Authors: Sarı İhsan , KÖLELİ Neslişah Yaren
Published: June 2020

Bu araştırmanın amacı antrenör kaynaklı destekleyici ve kısıtlayıcı güdüsel iklimin sporcuların tükenmişlik ve ahlaki karar alma tutumları ile ilişkisini belirlemektir. Bireysel ve takım sporlarından 141 sporcu araştırmaya gönüllü olarak katılmıştır. Veri toplama aracı olarak Antrenör Kaynaklı Destekleyici ve Kısıtlayıcı Güdüsel İklim Ölçeği, Sporda Tükenmişlik Ölçeği ve Altyapı Sporlarında Ahlaki Karar Alma Tutumları Ölçeği kullanılmıştır. Veriler SPSS 22 paket programında tanımlayıcı istatistikler, Pearson korelasyon analizi ve regresyon analizi ile analiz edilmiştir. Pearson korelasyon analizi sonuçlarına göre, sporcuların tükenmişliği destekleyici güdüsel iklim ile negatif, kısıtlayıcı güdüsel iklim ile pozitif olarak ilişkilidir. Ahlaki karar alma tutumu ise destekleyici güdüsel iklim ile pozitif, kısıtlayıcı güdüsel iklim ile negatif olarak ilişki göstermiştir. Regresyon analizi sonuçlarına göre ise; destekleyici güdüsel iklim ve kısıtlayıcı güdüsel iklimin anlamlı olarak (kısmen) sporcuların tükenmişlik ve ahlaki ahlaki karar alma tutumunu açıkladığı belirlenmiştir. Sonuç olarak, destekleyici güdüsel iklimin olumlu, kısıtlayıcı güdüsel iklimin ise olumsuz olarak sporcuların tükenmişlikleri ve ahlaki karar alma tutumlarına etki edeceği söylenebilir. Antrenörler, spor psikologları ve spor yöneticileri bu bulguları göz önünde bulundurmalıdır.
Comparison of Fatal Recreational Drug Overdoses between Celebrities and Non-Celebrities
Authors: Ahmad Zara , Kim Jiin , Udovica Aleksandra , Lee Renna
Published: June 2020

Previous studies have examined drug overdoses among celebrities, but not in comparison to the general population. This study’s goal was to analyze whether celebrities have higher fatal overdose rates from recreational drug use than the non-celebrity population. It is often presumed that celebrities engage in more drug use to cope with their stressful and taxing lifestyles. To test this claim, we gathered a list of American celebrities that fatally overdosed on drugs from 1999 to 2017 (inclusive), as well as the number of overdoses in the general American population during this time frame. Certain drugs of interest were kept and less commonly occurring drugs that resulted in overdose were excluded, leaving us with opioids, heroin, cocaine, benzodiazepines, psychostimulants, and antidepressants. Descriptive statistics of both populations including gender and specific professions of celebrities were collected. Then, an independent samples t-test was used to discover if there was a significant difference between fatal overdoses for the celebrity versus non-celebrity population in general and for each drug listed previously from the years 1999 to 2017. Pearson’s correlation analysis was used to find if there was a difference in the yearly trend of overdoses for celebrities versus non-celebrities during the same time range. Descriptive statistics demonstrated that males comprised 62.9% of fatal overdoses for non-celebrities and 73.5% for celebrities, and musicians (24.3%), athletes (23.6%), and actors (17.6%) tend to overdose the most in terms of celebrity professions. In addition, the results from the t-test showed that non-celebrities had not fatally overdosed at significantly different rates than celebrities from 1999 to 2017. as well as overdosed at no significantly different rate for each individual drug than celebrities during this time frame. However, the exceptions were any opioids and benzodiazepines, for which the former group overdosed at a significantly higher rate. Pearson’s correlation analysis yielded an insignificant negative correlation between fatal overdoses and years passed between 1999 to 2017 for celebrities, and a significant positive correlation between fatal overdoses and years passed for non-celebrities. The judgmental heuristics may make us believe that more celebrities fatally overdose than non-celebrities, and that this presumption could potentially be problematic because celebrities have a massive influence on society, which could lead the general population to engage in these self-destructive behaviours themselves.
Estrategias para el fomento de la Innovación en el Proceso Educativo, una breve revisión.
Authors: Sánchez-Comas Andrés , Troncoso Palacio Alexander , Arevalo Jaime
Published: June 2020

A nivel mundial, la capacidad de innovar se ha convertido en un requisito fundamental para la supervivencia en todos los niveles sociales, económicos y políticos. Dicha capacidad radica directa o indirectamente en las habilidades que posean los integrantes de las organizaciones para idear, implementar, impulsar y hacer penetrar con éxito los desarrollos en productos o servicios que puedan traducirse finalmente en un beneficio ya sea económico o social. Las Universidades como actor importante dentro del proceso educativo, tiene el deber de estar a la vanguardia de los niveles de exigencia que el mercado laboral requiere de los profesionales de hoy en día. Es por eso que dentro de un proceso de fortalecimiento de las habilidades y capacidades de innovación de los estudiantes de la Universidad de la Costa, se ha realizado una breve revisión de documentos científicos en habla hispana disponibles en la web, consolidando una serie de pautas y recomendaciones para el fortalecimiento de habilidades de innovación en el proceso educativo.
Modelos de Picking, Routing, Layout y Slotting en la Gestión de Almacenes - una Revisión Sistemática de la Literatura
Authors: Sánchez-Comas Andrés
Published: June 2020

Cuatro Bases de Datos fueron exploradas, EBSCO, SCHOLAR, IEEE Explorer y SCOPUS, con el objetivo de identificar a lo largo de la literatura modelos de Picking, Routing, Layout y Slotting que han sido propuestos como aportes a la gestión de almacenes en publicaciones de Revistas Científicas. Se describen los modelos propuestos segmentados por cada una de estas temáticas así como un breve análisis cienciométrico.
Eva Palomo Cermeño. Sylvia Pankhurst, sufragista y socialista. Toledo: Almud, ediciones Castilla-La Mancha, 2019.
Authors: Ávila Bravo-Villasante María
Published: June 2020

Sylvia Pankhurst, sufragista y socialistaAutora: Eva Palomo Cermeño.Toledo: Almud, ediciones Castilla-La Mancha, 2019 (4ª ed.).ResumenEstamos ante una obra de plena actualidad que conecta con gran parte de los problemas éticos, políticos y sociológicos del presente —prostitución de mujeres, feminización de la supervivencia, esclavitud, violencia— pero también con los grandes ideales ilustrados (igualdad, libertad y solidaridad).
Outras representações de masculinidades brasileiras circulantes pelas culturas do consumo=Other representations of brazilian masculinities circulating in consumer cultures
Authors: Postinguel Danilo
Published: June 2020

ResumoEste paper problematiza as representações de masculinidades ofertadas nas sociedades comunicacionais e nas culturas do consumo. Interessou-nos perceber como essas representações dialogam com realidades sociais e contextos culturais mais amplos, relacionados a disputas simbólicas, processos econômicos e imaginários sociais que negociam o lugar e as formas de masculinidades tidas como desejáveis e/ou aceitáveis pelas contemporâneas sociedades ocidentais. Quanto à fundamentação teórica, recorremos a tríade comunicação, representações de masculinidades e práticas de consumo. Neste percurso, desenvolvemos uma metodologia mais flexível, que tomava como centralidade a imagem no contexto sociocultural brasileiro, optando por analisar a comunicação publicitária brasileira de cuecas entre as décadas de 1960 e 2010.AbstractThis paper analyzes the representations of masculinities offered in communicational societies and consumer cultures. We investigate how these representations dialogue with broader social realities and cultural contexts, related to symbolic disputes, economic and imaginary social processes that negotiate the typologies of masculinities deemed desirable and/or acceptable by contemporary western societies. Theoretically we discuss from communication studies, representations of masculinities and consumption practices. The more flexible methodology took as an image as empirical material in the brazilian sociocultural context, choosing to analyze the brazilian advertising communication of underwear between the 1960s and 2010.
Violencias contra estudiantes en el campus de una universidad federal brasileña=Violence against students at a Brazilian federal university
Authors: Santos Sales Augusto dos
Published: June 2020

ResumenNuestro objetivo con este artículo es cuestionar, por medio de argumentos y evidencias empíricas, la afirmación de una historiadora brasileña, que estudia e investiga género, de que “la violación sexual es de fácil diagnóstico”. A partir de datos empíricos obtenidos en una investigación realizada con cuatrocientos estudiantes de licenciatura de una Universidad Pública Federal Brasileña, cuyo objetivo era averiguar las violencias practicadas contra los discentes de la licenciatura de la universidad, especialmente mujeres, buscamos demostrar de que este tipo de violencia sexual no es de tan fácil diagnóstico. Los argumentos utilizados para inquirir la afirmación referida se obtuvieron de la escasa literatura sobre el tema.AbstractThe author’s goal in this paper is to question, through arguments and empirical evidence, the statement made by a Brazilian researcher who investigates gender relations that “rape is easily diagnosed”. The aforementioned evidence was obtained from empirical data in a quantitative research conducted with four hundred undergraduate students in a Brazilian public federal university. The research’s aim was to investigate violence against the university’s undergraduate students, particularly women and to demonstrate that this type of violence Sexual is not so easy to diagnose. The arguments used to question the researcher’s claim were obtained from the scarce literature on the subject.