bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Arguing Global Environmental Constitutionalism
Authors: Kotzé Louis J.
Published: January 2018

The current global environmental law and governance regime has been designed primarily to attend to the worsening ecological crisis. Evidence, however, suggests that the regime is far from achieving its goal and it is failing in its efforts to solve what people perceive to be pervasive global environmental problems. There is little doubt that this regime is in need of urgent reforms and/or re-situation in a decidedly different paradigm. This article proposes that global constitutionalism, while no panacea, could contribute to these paradigm-shifting reforms by providing a new perspective through which to view the current deficient global environmental law and governance regime and, in real terms, ameliorating some of the deficiencies of the regime through a normative process of constitutionalization.
O dever de fundamentação das decisões judiciais sob o olhar da Crítica Hermenêutica do Direito
Authors: Streck Lenio Luiz , Raatz Igor
Published: January 2018

Embora o dever de fundamentação das decisões judiciais constitua uma garantia contra o arbítrio de juízes e Tribunais, muitas concepções a seu respeito vêm servindo para fortalecer decisionismos e arbitrariedades. Diante desse quadro, o presente ensaio buscará oferecer, sob o olhar da Crítica Hermenêutica do Direito, um contraponto a essas versões fracas acerca do dever de fundamentação, defendendo um dever de fundamentação completa e no direito, respeitando-se, desse modo, a sua autonomia, constituindo um empreendimento democrático no qual o juiz deverá se esforçar para mostrar que a decisão em questão é a melhor (constitucionalmente adequada) para o caso concreto.
O efeito repristinatório no controle difuso de constitucionalidade e a vedação de decisões surpresa
Authors: Ferreira Olavo Augusto Vianna Alves , Abrahão Eduardo Alexandre Young
Published: January 2018

O ato normativo inconstitucional é nulo. Quando é declarada a inconstitucionalidade de um ato normativo, os atos revogados por aquele serão automaticamente restabelecidos, já que não revogados validamente. Esta é a essência do chamado efeito repristinatório, que não se confunde, apesar da similitude semântica, com a repristinação. O efeito repristinatório será aplicado de forma automática na declaração de inconstitucionalidade de ato normativo. Ocorre no controle de constitucionalidade em geral, resta saber se, no controle difuso, deverá ser adotada a cautela de ser observado o contraditório a respeito, especialmente por força dos artigos 9º e 10 do Código de Processo Civil atual.
Unidade do Ordenamento Jurídico
Authors: Müller Friedrich
Published: January 2018

Uma expressão que encerra múltiplas atividades, a Unidade do ordenamento jurídico é tomada como uma característica ou axioma ou postulado do Direito. Filha do Direito Natural de tradução racionalista, foi adotada pelo Direito Positivo. No que toca a unidade como um todo e enquanto unidade da Constituição, a análise apresentada é conduzida sob os aspectos racionais, históricos e positivistas, assim como sob a orientação da teoria estruturante do Direito. A conclusão é que a Unidade do ordenamento jurídico – como um dado ou uma meta inspiradora da prática jurídica – é ilusória.
Da Legitimidade das Súmulas Vinculantes
Authors: Hirata Gustavo Callefi , Fazolli Silvio Alexandre
Published: January 2018

Este artigo trata da compatibilidade do instituto das súmulas vinculantes com os princípios da separação dos poderes e da independência judicial, bem como analisa a forma como sua metodologia de aplicação impacta os postulados de igualdade material e de justiça. O debate em torno da legitimidade desse instituto é necessário, tendo em vista o caráter marcadamente pragmático que orientou sua criação por meio da Emenda Constitucional n.° 45/2004. Com a constatação inicial da “natureza legislativa” das súmulas vinculantes, abordam-se os impasses que seus propósitos originais geram no ordenamento jurídico brasileiro, haja vista os princípios e os postulados antes informados. No entanto, esta pesquisa se propõe a analisar as possíveis soluções aos problemas apontados. Assim, a hipótese aqui defendida é de que as súmulas vinculantes podem, sim, se revelar legítimas, ainda que, para tanto, alguns de seus termos iniciais tenham de ser revistos, e outros grandes debates tenham de ser enfrentados.
O Novo Modelo de Constitucionalismo da Comunidade Britânica
Authors: Gardbaum Stephen
Published: January 2018

O “novo modelo de constitucionalismo da Comunidade Britânica” se refere a uma estrutura ou abordagem geral comum subjacente às cartas de direitos introduzidas no Canadá (1982), Nova Zelândia (1990) e Reino Unido (1998). Como um experimento recente e contínuo em design constitucional, o novo modelo da Comunidade Britânica pode ser algo inédito. Ele representa uma terceira abordagem à estruturação e institucionalização de disposições constitucionais básicas que ocupa o ponto intermediário entre as duas tradicionais opções de supremacia legislativa e judicial, que se excluíam mutuamente. Ele também provê técnicas novas e – pode-se argumentar – melhores para proteger direitos dentro de uma democracia por meio da realocação de poderes entre cortes e legislaturas, o que estabelece maior equilíbrio que qualquer desses dois modelos assimétricos. Dessa forma, o novo modelo da Comunidade Britânica promete ser para os modelos de constitucionalismo o que a economia mista é para formas de organização econômica: uma terceira via distinta e atraente, entre dois extremos mais puros, porém falhos.
How anthropogenic shifts in plant community composition alter soil food webs
Authors: Kardol Paul , De Long Jonathan R.
Published: January 2018

There are great concerns about the impacts of soil biodiversity loss on ecosystem functions and services such as nutrient cycling, food production, and carbon storage. A diverse community of soil organisms that together comprise a complex food web mediates such ecosystem functions and services. Recent advances have shed light on the key drivers of soil food web structure, but a conceptual integration is lacking. Here, we explore how human-induced changes in plant community composition influence soil food webs. We present a framework describing the mechanistic underpinnings of how shifts in plant litter and root traits and microclimatic variables impact on the diversity, structure, and function of the soil food web. We then illustrate our framework by discussing how shifts in plant communities resulting from land-use change, climatic change, and species invasions affect soil food web structure and functioning. We argue that unravelling the mechanistic links between plant community trait composition and soil food webs is essential to understanding the cascading effects of anthropogenic shifts in plant communities on ecosystem functions and services.
The Appearance of Hans and Jaan. A 17th Century Epitaph Painting Donated by Estonian Peasants
Authors: Kurisoo Merike , Põldvee Aivar
Published: January 2018

The epitaph donated by Hans and Jaan, two peasants from Türi parish, is evidence of the acceptance of ecclesiastic values and religious devotion among the Estonian peasantry. Other examples of this tendency from the Swedish era also exist. For instance, the grand wheel crosses, typical for North Estonia, that were once located in the Türi churchyard; and a chandelier (1659) donated by a peasant in the Keila church, the size of which exceeds those gifted by manor lords. From a later period, the stained-glass coats of arms of the peasantry in the Ilumäe chapel (1729) are also an example of this heightened sense of self-awareness and its display in houses of worships.Along with the hundreds and hundreds of works donated to churches by nobles, the epitaph painting depicting the Adoration of the Shepherds is a rare example of a painting gifted to a church by farmers, which also commemorates them. Hans and Jaan have now earned a place in Estonian (art) history: the pictures of the two simple men are the first known portraits of peasants whose names we know.
Introduction: Semiotics and history revisited
Authors: Tamm Marek
Published: January 2018

The introductory article proposes to offer a general frame for the special issue, discussing the emergence of semiotics of history as a new discipline or approach in the humanities. It presents an overview on the attempts of joining the history and semiotics in the Western world since the early 1980s, with a special focus on the United States, and examines the contribution of the Tartu-Moscow School of Semiotics to the semiotic study of history, paying the main attention to the work of Juri Lotman and Boris Uspenskij. Finally, a survey of the articles that make up the special issue dedicated to the 80th anniversary of Boris Uspenskij is presented.
Civilization and barbarism
Authors: Ginzburg Carlo
Published: January 2018

The reflections on civilization, barbarism, and their intricate relationship, which were put forward in ancient Greece, from Herodotus to Aristotle, had a longterm impact. In the mid-16th century debate which took place in Valladolid, between Juan Ginés de Sepúlveda and Bartolomé de Las Casas, about the status of the native populations of the New World, the Latin translations of Aristotle’s Politics, and its comment by St. Thomas Aquinas, proved to be especially relevant for both opponents. Were Indian natives comparable to Aristotle’s “natural slaves”? Was the war against them comparable to hunting wild beasts? The paper focuses on the debate and its contemporary implications.
History as geography: In search for Russian identity
Authors: Lotman Mihhail
Published: January 2018

This article addresses the notion of a Russian spacetime, in which the spatial parameters constitute one of the most important constant of history. This constant is not dependent on the governing ideology. What changes is the evaluative, that is, the most superficial, component; what is a matter of pride for some people, is a discredit to others. Yet nobody seems to contest the dominant of spatiality. In the article, a typology of this betweenness is offered; different Russian ideologists have used all options that are theoretically possible.
Semiotics of cultural history
Authors: Torop Peeter
Published: January 2018

The interpretation of cultural history in the context of cultural semiotics, especially interpretation of semiotics of cultural history as a semiotics of culture, and semiotics of culture as a semiotics of cultural history, gives us, first, a deeper understanding of the analysability of cultural history and, at the same time, of the importance of history and different aspects of temporality for the semiotics of culture. Second, the history of the semiotics of culture, especially the semiotics of culture of the Tartu-Moscow School of Semiotics, is an organic part of cultural history, while the self-presentation of the school via establishing explicit and implicit contacts with the heritage of Russian theory (the Formalist School, the Bakhtin circle, Vygotskij, Eisenstein etc) was already a semiotic activity and an object of the semiotics of cultural history. Third, the main research object of semiotics of culture is the hierarchy of the sign systems of culture and the existent as well as historical correlations between these sign systems. Such conceptualization of the research object of semiotics of culture turns the latter into a semiotics of cultural history. Emphasizing the semiotic aspect of cultural history can support the development of semiotics of culture in two ways. First, semiotics of culture has the potential of conducting more in-depth research of texts as mediators between the audience and the cultural tradition. Second, semiotics of culture as a semiotics of cultural history can be methodologically used for establishing a new (chronotopical) theory of culture.
Semiosphere and history: Toward the origins of the semiotic approach to history
Authors: Trunin Mikhail
Published: January 2018

This article compares the approaches to the semiotics of history of two central figures of the Tartu-Moscow School of Semiotics – Juri Lotman and Boris Uspenskij. It is argued that Lotman’s approach to the semiotics of history is closely connected with the development of his theory of the semiosphere (despite Lotman’s unfailing interest in history, his theoretical interpretation of the historical process was, in fact, secondary to his reflection on the semiosphere), that is, with the shift in his research from studies of literary-historical cases to typology. Meanwhile, Uspenskij, a linguist who started out as a scholar of structural language typology, moved in the opposite direction, becoming increasingly engaged in the examination of individual historical cases. Lotman’s correspondence with Uspenskij serves as proof that semi-formal communication on scientific issues between the representatives of the Tartu-Moscow School was often what inspired new fundamental ideas and further development of theoretical concepts.
The genus Ivalia Jacoby 1887 (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Galerucinae: Alticini) of the mount Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia
Authors: Takizawa Haruo , Konstantinov Alexander S.
Published: January 2018

The following new species of Ivalia Jacoby 1887 are described from the mount Kinabalu (Sabah, Malaysia): Ivalia besar sp. nov., I. biasa sp. nov., I. fulvomaculata sp. nov., I. haruka sp. nov., I. marginata sp. nov., I. minutissima sp. nov., I. nigrofasciata sp. nov., I. pseudostriolata sp. nov., I. rubrorbiculata sp. nov., I. striolata sp. nov..
THE RELATION BETWEEN DRIVER BEHAVIOR AND INTELLIGENT TRANSPORT SYSTEM
Authors: Kalašová Alica , Kubíková Simona , Kapusta Ján
Published: January 2018

The main objective of Slovakia’s transport policy is to reduce the number of traffic accidents and increase safety on our roads. Implementation of intelligent transport systems presents one of the possibilities how to meet this goal. Acceptance of these systems by motor vehicle drivers and other road traffic participants is necessary in order for them to fulfill their purpose. Only if the drivers will accept intelligent transport systems, it is possible to flexibly and effectively manage road traffic flexibly and effectively. From the perspective of a driver it concerns, in particular, the possibility of using alternative routes when traffic accidents or other obstacles occurs on the route that would significantly affect the continuity and safety of road traffic. Thanks to these technologies, it is possible to choose the appropriate route while driving, of course based on the criterion, which the driver considers the most important during the transport from origin to destination (driving time, distance from origin to destination, fuel consumption, quality of infrastructure). Information isare provided to the driver through variable message signs or directly in the vehicle (RDS-TMC). Another advantage of intelligent transport systems is a positive impact on psychological well-being of the driver while driving. Additional information about the possible obstacles, weather conditions and dangerous situations that occur on the roads as well as alternative routes are provided to the driver well in advance. This paper is mainly focused on how the drivers perceive the influence of intelligent transport systems in Žilina region.
HUMAN-MACHINE INTERACTION IN SOLVING TASKS OF THE PLANNING DEPARTMENT
Authors: Kucherov Boris Alekseyevich , Artyushenko Vladimir Mikhailovich
Published: January 2018

The paper discusses issues of human-machine interaction in solving tasks of the planning department under severe resource restrictions using information technology. The negative factors influencing specialists of the planning department in solving their tasks under the given circumstances are shown. Specific features of designing the user interface in this subject area are noted. Directions to increase the efficiency of reaction of the planning department’s specialists to change the current situation by visual and sound notification of various events are marked. Various ways to develop user interface to generate a conflict-free plan under severe resource restrictions are considered. The variants of informative presentation of operational and statistical information to stakeholders are analyzed. These issues are discussed by the example of the planning department which solves the tasks of allocation of control facilities for spacecraft (a subset of satellite range scheduling problem),
SUBJECTIVE METHODS FOR ASSESSMENT OF DRIVER DROWSINESS
Authors: Mashko Alina
Published: January 2018

The paper deals with the issue of fatigue and sleepiness behind the wheel, which for a long time has been of vital importance for the research in the area of driver-car interaction safety. Numerous experiments on car simulators with diverse measurements to observe human behavior have been performed at the laboratories of the faculty of the authors. The paper provides analysis and an overview and assessment of the subjective (self-rating and observer rating) methods for observation of driver behavior and the detection of critical behavior in sleep deprived drivers using the developed subjective rating scales.
SIMULATION OF ELECTRIC AND HYBRID VEHICLES IN A VEHICLE SIMULATOR BASED ON A DETAILED PHYSICAL MODEL, FOR THE PURPOSE OF HMI EVALUATION
Authors: Rozhdestvensky Dmitry , Fulem Josef
Published: January 2018

In this article, we propose a software solution to study HMI of electric and hybrid electric vehicles in vehicle simulators. We will start with the description of a development process of a physical model for HEV simulation in IGNITE software and equation-based language Modelica. A short introduction to the language, its possibilities, and explanation, why it is more suitable for the development of such models (vehicle powertrain), are presented in the first part of the article. A fusion mechanism of the physical engine with the model by means of FMU (Functional Mock-up Interface) is also described in this part The second part is dedicated to the description of the model constructed in third party software IGNITE. This model has a detailed calculation of energy consumption and energy flow based on the selected control strategy. The last part of the article describes a possible experiment methodology.
A FULL-SCALE MEASUREMENT OF WIND ACTIONS AND EFFECTS ON A SEA-CROSSING BRIDGE
Authors: Zhou Yi , Sun Limin , Xie Mowen
Published: January 2018

Wind loading is critical for the large-span and light-weight structures, and field measurement is the most effective way to evaluate the wind resistance performance of a specific structure. This study investigates the wind characteristics and wind-induced vibration on a sea-crossing bridge in China, namely Donghai Bridge, based on up to six years of monitoring data. It is found that: (1) there exists obvious discrepancy between the measured wind field parameters and the values suggested by the design code; and the wind records at the bridge site is easily interfered by the bridge structure itself, which should be considered in interpreting the measurements and designing structural health monitoring systems (SHMS); (2) for strong winds with high non-stationarity, a shorter averaging time than 10-min is preferable to obtain more stable turbulent wind characteristics; (3) the root mean square (RMS) of the wind-induced acceleration of the girder may increase in an approximately quadratic curve relationship with the mean wind speed; and (4) compared to traffic load, the wind dominates the girder’s lateral vibration amplitude, while the heavy-load traffic might exert more influence on the girder’s vertical and torsional vibrations than the high winds. This study provides field evidence for the wind-resistant design and evaluation of bridges in similar operational conditions.
COMPARISON OF SELECTED PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF TESTED NANOSUSPENSIONS – THE RESULTS OF THE EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH OF THE DEGREE OF SEDIMENTATION AND THE DEPTH OF PENETRATION IN REFERENCE MATERIALS IN LABORATORY CONDITIONS
Authors: Kroftová Klára , Šmidtová Markéta , Kuřitka Ivo , Škoda David
Published: January 2018

Between used and already verified technologies for the reinforcement of plasters mainlyinclude nanosuspension containing nanoparticles of calcium hydroxide and nanomaterials based onmagnesium hydroxide and barium carbonate [1]. Individual lime nanosuspension, which consists ofnanoparticles of calcium hydroxide, are dispersed in an alcoholic environment and they differ fromeach concentration and type of alcohol. When the material is cured, carbonatation occurs, as wellas in the case of fresh plaster, where the calcium hydroxide reacts with atmospheric carbon dioxideto produce calcium carbonate. Due to the deposition of calcium carbonate in the damaged material,occurs re-strengthened ties and its hardening. The undoubted advantage of the consolidation ofplaster using nanolime is the low number of impregnation cycles, where after a few applicationsnanosuspension occurs to the reinforcement of degraded material.
â€œRemuneration is not all that an employee works forâ€â€“ about gratification and different forms of non-wage motivation in the company
Authors: GaweÅ‚ Krzysztof
Published: January 2018

The aim of the paper is theoretical presentation, along with a description of the practical example, the relationship between human capital and the expected basic salary, as well as the presentation of diversified non-wage motivation methods for employees. In today's innovative times, where the world seems to be the most technologically advanced, worker is still the most important component in the establishment of a company. A company that does not possess a creative, highly qualified and properly motivated staff cannot count on achieving competitive advantage, market success, and long-term profitability.
Back-matter
Authors: Jurnal Teknik Ketua Editor
Published: January 2018

Artikel editorial ini berisi back-matter jurnal Teknik Volume 38 Nomor 2 Tahun 2017 yang memuat petunjuk penulisan dan pengiriman artikel jurnal Teknik
Mutation spectrum of Î²-globin gene in thalassemia patients at Hasan Sadikin Hospital - West Java Indonesia
Authors: Maskoen Ani Melani , Rahayu Nurul S , Reniarti Lelani , Susanah Susi , Laksono Bremmy , Fauziah Prima Nanda , Zada Almira , Hidayat Dadang S
Published: January 2018

Thalassemia is the most common hereditary haemolytic anemia in Southeast Asia, in which Indonesia is among countries that are at a high risk for thalassemia. It has been reported that mutation in the beta-globin gene is responsible in severe Thalassemia. However, the spectrum of beta-globin gene mutations in Indonesian population varies in different regions . Thus, this study aimed to identify the most prevalent mutation of Thalassemia patients from the Hasan Sadikin Hospital, Bandung, using this as a reference hospital for Thalassemia in West Java. The three most prevalent mutations of beta globin (IVS1nt5, Cd26 (HbE), and IVS1nt1), were conducted in the beginning of this study. Mutations of 291 samples were detected by PCR-RFLP in the Molecular Genetic Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung. The prevalence of the beta globin gene mutation types were 47.4% IVS1nt5 homozygote, 9.9% compound heterozygote IVS1nt5/HbE, 5.4% compound heterozygote IVS1nt5/IVS1nt1, 1.4% compound heterozygote HbE/IVS1nt1, 1% HbE homozygote, 14.4% Compound heterzygote IVS1nt5/... (no paired mutation), 2.06% compound heterozygote HbE/... (no paired mutation), 1.3% compound heterozygote IVS1nt1/... (no paired mutation), and 7 samples were unidentified. The thalassemia mutation IVS1nt5 homozygote is the most common mutation found in Thalassemia patients at Hasan Sadikin Hospital, Bandung. The samples with unidentified results might carry mutations other than the three that are observed in the present study.
Opportunities and spaces for change in food environments
Authors: Desjardins Ellen
Published: January 2018

The contributions to this issue of Canadian Food Studies manifest a keen insight: with different media, methods, and voices, we continue to reimagine spaces for food—where and how we consume and grow food, and how we position it into an increasingly democratic, commensal domain. The more food plays a central role in various spaces, the more opportunities arise for multiple transformations in other aspects of human interaction.
Diversity in the Child Criminal Justice System
Authors: Pradhani Sartika Intaning
Published: January 2018

The Child Criminal Justice System in practice, the child as a victim of sexual violence does not always feel its justice being reversed because the diversion process involving the community, the police, the social department, and the parties concerned does not always have a victim's perspective. The absence of a victim's perspective in resolving the issue of sexual violence through diversities makes restorative justice incapable of restoring and fulfilling justice for child victims of sexual violence compared to the criminal justice system in general because diversity is unable to bridge the gap between the challenges faced by victims and the help available to victims. Legal protection of child victims of crime, especially crimes against morality, with child offenders under the Criminal Justice System which must prioritize the approach of Restorative Justice by guaranteeing the rights of child victims to the efforts of medical rehabilitation and social rehabilitation both inside and outside the institution; assurance of safety, whether physical, mental, or social; and ease in obtaining information about case development through diversion. Sistem Peradilan Pidana Anak pada praktiknya, anak sebagai korban kekerasan seksual tidak selalu merasakan keadilannya dikemalikan karena proses diversi yang melibatkan masyarakat, polisi, departemen sosial, dan para pihak terkait tidak selalu memiliki perspektif korban. Ketiadaan perspektif korban dalam penyelesaian permasalahan kekerasan seksual melalui diversi membuat keadilan restoratif tidak mampu mengembalikan dan memenuhi keadilan bagi anak korban kekerasan seksual dibandingkan dengan sistem peradilan pidana secara umum karena diversi tidak mampu untuk menjembatani jurang antara tantangan yang dihadapi oleh para korban dan pertolongan yang tersedia untuk para korban. Perlindungan hukum terhadap anak korban kejahatan, khususnya kejahatan terhadap kesusilaan, dengan pelaku anak menurut Sistem Peradilan Pidana Anak yang wajib mengutamakan pendekatan Keadilan Restoratif dengan memberikan jaminan hak anak korban terhadap upaya rehabilitasi medis dan rehabilitasi sosial, baik di dalam lembaga maupun di luar lembaga; jaminan keselamatan, baik fisik, mental, maupun sosial; dan kemudahan dalam mendapatkan informasi mengenai perkembangan perkara melalui diversi. DOI: 10.15408/jch.v5i1.6575
Shift of Criminal Acts of Copyrights to the Direction of Civil Dispute (Review of Article 95 Paragraph (4) of Law Number 28 Year 2014 on Copyright)
Authors: Sufiarina Sufiarina
Published: January 2018

This article conducted a study about the obligation of mediation as a precondition for copyright infringement based on article 95 paragraphs (4) of the Law Number 28 of 2014 concerning Copyright. Mediation provisions in the Laws Number 30 of 1999 on Arbitration is a way of settlement of civil disputes outside the court to reach a settlement by consensus with the help of a mediator. While mediation is based on the supreme court  rule number 1 of 2008 is intended as an obligation for judges at first instance in the district courts and religious courts in the settlement dispute resolution is the authority of commercial courts as special courts general judicial. But the commercial court does not apply the obligations mediation. A study conducted by the approach of the laws and regulations. By considering the crime of copyright as higly relevant to a complaint mediation prior obligations imposed as a condition of doing criminal charges. Article 95 paragraph 4 of the law number  28 of 2014 on copyright, which requires the completion of  mediation prior to file criminal charges has brought about a shift in the field of copyright criminal offenses into civil disputes. Thus the obligation of mediation in the settlement of copyright disputes is not only necessary for a criminal offense, but also expanded as a condition for completion in litigation in the commercial courts. Artikel ini melakukan kajian terhadap kewajiban mediasi sebagai syarat untuk melakukan tuntutan pidana atas pelanggaran hak cipta berdasarkan Pasal 95 ayat (4) UU No. 28 Tahun 2014 tentang Hak Cipta. Ketentuan mediasi dalam Undang-Undang No. 30 Tahun 1999 tentang Arbitrase merupakan cara penyelesaian sengketa perdata di luar pengadilan untuk mencapai penyelesaian secara musyawarah mufakat dengan bantuan mediator. Sedangkan mediasi berdasarkan Perma No.1 tahun 2008, ditujukan sebagai kewajiban bagi hakim pada pengadilan tingkat pertama di Pengadilan Negeri maupun Pengadilan Agama dalam rangka penyelesaian sengketa keperdataan. Penyelesaian sengketa hak cipta merupakan kewenangan Pengadilan Niaga, sebagai pengadilan khusus di lingkungan peradilan umum. Namun di Pengadilan Niaga tidaklah berlaku kewajiban mediasi. Kajian dilakukan dengan pendekatan peraturan perundang-undangan (statuta aproacht). Dengan mengingat tindak pidana hak cipta sebagai delik aduan sangatlah relevan dibebankan kewajiban mediasi terlebih dahulu sebagai syarat melakukan tuntutan pidana. Pasal 95 ayat (4) UU No. 28 Tahun 2014 tentang Hak Cipta yang mensyaratkan penyelesaian mediasi terlebih dahulu untuk mengajukan tuntutan pidana, telah membawa konsekuensi pergeseran tindak pidana bidang hak cipta menjadi sengketa keperdataan. Dengan demikian kewajiban mediasi dalam penyelesaian sengketa hak cipta (HKI) tidak hanya diperlakukan bagi tindak pidana saja namun juga diperluas sebagai syarat untuk penyelesaian secara litigasi di Pengadilan Niaga. DOI: 10.15408/jch.v5i1.6581
Shakedown for slab track substructures with stiffness variation
Authors: Liu Shu , Wang Juan , Yu Hai-Sui , Wanatowski Dariusz
Published: January 2018

In this paper, shakedown analyses are carried out to predict the long-term response of slab track substructures under repeated moving train loads. The train loads are converted into a distributed moving load on the substructure surface by using a simplified track analysis. Based on Melan’s static shakedown theorem, a well-established shakedown analysis method is extended to determine shakedown limits of the slab track substructures. The influence of a linearly increasing stiffness modulus on the shakedown limits is considered by conducting finite-element analysis with a user-defined material. It is found that a rise in stiffness modulus or stiffness variation ratio can either increase or decrease the shakedown limit, depending on the competitive effects of the two mechanisms. Furthermore, the subgrade thickness determines the dominant mechanism.
Effect of transverse reinforcement on rectangular concrete columns with MTSTR
Authors: Jing Deng-Hu , Huang Li-Bo
Published: January 2018

To better understand the confining effect of multiple-tied-spiral transverse reinforcement (MTSTR) for concrete with rectangular cross-section, eight rectangular concrete columns were fabricated and tested under axial compression; four columns used MTSTR, while the remainder were counterpart reference columns reinforced by conventional stirrups. The main variable considered was the confinement index of transverse reinforcement; this index includes the ratio of the confinement index of interior circular spirals to that of exterior rectangular hoops and the sum of the confinement indices. The results showed that rectangular concrete columns with MTSTR exhibited better ductility than reference columns with the same confinement index of transverse reinforcement; however, the peak load for reinforced columns with MTSTR increased depending on the ratio of the confinement index of circular spirals to that of rectangular hoops; the critical ratio of the confinement index was approximately 2·72. Moreover, compared with previous investigations, the influence of the yield strength ratio of interior circular spirals to exterior rectangular hoops on the load-carrying capacity of the concrete columns with MTSTR was linear. Finally, a simplified method based on the models of Mander et al. is proposed to predict the peak strength of rectangular concrete columns with MTSTR.
Desalination for augmenting domestic rainwater harvesting in the Grenadines
Authors: Peters Everson J.
Published: January 2018

In the past, the islands of Carriacou and Petite Martinique in the Grenadines have depended on domestic rainwater harvesting (RWH) for their water supply. Although the availability of water from this has increased over time, there is a growing gap between water demand and availability, driven mainly by growth in tourism. Closing this gap is essential, particularly in the context of adaptation to climate change. In this regard, solar-driven water desalination plants have been installed on the islands to augment RWH supplies, thus creating a hybrid system. Although, the desalinated water (DW) is highly subsidised, there is a general reluctance to embrace its availability and to pay for it. In Carriacou, the borehole supply that was used to augment rainwater in the urban area was replaced by DW, resulting in increased use of the public supply. The potential of augmenting rainwater with DW is restricted by concerns about quality, a general unwillingness to pay for the water, the strong preference for rainwater and the inability of the utility company to recover costs. The initial lessons learnt from this hybrid system can be important for developing appropriate water policies for islands that have traditionally been dependent on RWH.
La Educación Superior en las cárceles. Los primeros pasos del Ecuador
Authors: Iturralde Carlos Antonio
Published: January 2018

Alcanzar el Buen Vivir no es posible sin solucionar los problemas de exclusión social que requieren de la expansión de las libertades de grupos históricamente marginados, como lo son las personas privadas de libertad, muchas de las cuales antes de cometer actos delictivos vivieron en un entorno de violencia y pobreza, situación que en la cárcel punitiva concebida como una institución de castigo y denigración, se intensifica, acentuando conductas antisociales que crean círculos viciosos cuya ruptura se logra, entre otras cosas, proporcionándoles nuevos funcionamientos y capacidades, por lo cual la educación inclusiva en igual calidad que la ofertada en la vida libre pero con diseños curriculares y metodológicos específicos que garanticen la transferencia efectiva de conocimientos hacia este grupo, es clave, constituyéndose en el ejercicio de un derecho humano que dignifica a la vez que rehabilita, siendo la educación superior la de mayor impacto transformador. Ecuador inició un primer pilotaje otorgando becas a un grupo de presos para acceder a estudios universitarios en contexto de encierro, plan que debe superar diversos obstáculos requiriendo de la coordinación interinstitucional y del compromiso de la sociedad para que rinda los resultados deseados, contribuyendo a convertir a las prisiones en verdaderos Centros de Rehabilitación Social y al Sistema de Rehabilitación Social en un promotor de los derechos humanos y el Bien Vivir.
Las devociones religiosas en la España Moderna
Authors: Maruri Villanueva Ramón
Published: January 2018

RESUMENEn este estudio se tratan las claves explicativas de la profunda renovación conocida por la historiografía modernista española desde la década de 1980 en el análisis de las devociones, uno de los componentes de la religiosidad. Una renovación en la que, independientemente de la multiplicación de las aportaciones, han primado muy considerablemente las enmarcadas en el ámbito local, lo cual se ha traducido en un conocimiento muy sectorial y fragmentado del universo devocional. Articular lo ya conocido y trascender analíticamente la escala local se proponen como los dos grandes retos a los que se enfrenta el investigador de las devociones en la España Moderna.PALABRAS CLAVEDevociones, Religiosidad, Mentalidades, España Moderna. TITLEReligious devotions in Modern Spain (16th.-18th. centuries)ABSTRACTThis study gives an account of the explanatory keys of the profound renovation that has been occurring in Spanish modernist historiography since the 1980s in the analysis of devotions, a component of religiosity. A renovation in which, regardless of the multiplication of contributions, these have prevailed very considerably framed at the local level, which has resulted in a very sectorial and fragmented knowledge of the devotional universe. Articulating what is already known, and transcending the local scale are proposed as the two great challenges faced by the researcher of devotions in modern Spain.KEY WORDSDevotions, Religiosity, Mentalities, Modern Spain.
El clero en la España del siglo XVIII. Balance historiográfico y perspectivas
Authors: Barrio Gozalo Maximiliano
Published: January 2018

RESUMENDespués de decir unas palabras sobre la renovación que se llevó a cabo en la historia eclesiástica española de la segunda mitad del siglo XX, trato de ofrecer un balance historiográfico sobre los avances que se han producido y lo mucho se ha publicado en las últimas décadas sobre el clero secular y el regular, para concluir con unas breves indicaciones sobre las perspectivas de investigación.PALABRAS CLAVESiglo XVIII, Historia de la Iglesia, Clero español. TITLEThe clergy in the Spain of the eighteenth century. Historiographical balance and perspectivesABSTRACTAfter saying a few words about the renewal that took place in the Spanish ecclesiastical history of the second half of the twentieth century, he tried to offer a historiographical account of the progress that has been made and much has been published in the last decades about The secular clergy and the regular clergy, to conclude with a brief indication of the research prospects.KEY WORDS18th century, Church history, Spanish clergy.
Réplica al artículo Periodismo mutante y bastardo
Authors: Vázquez Miraz Pedro
Published: January 2018

Se presenta en el siguiente texto una réplica del artículo ensayístico “Periodismo mutante y bastardo” del Dr. Omar Rincón, en el que se analiza esta propuesta de flamante periodismo que ha presentado el autor. Consideramos el periodismo mutante y bastardo como una opción redundante que no aporta nueva información y presenta notables incongruencias entre el viejo modelo periodístico que se critica en el documento y esta nueva propuesta.
Biochemical and histopathological assessment of atorvastatin-loaded nanoemulsion effectiveness in Rats
Authors: Balamash Khadijah S. , Al-ddyni Mona S.
Published: January 2018

Background: Atorvastatin (ATV), a lipid lowering agent, has low solubility and poor dissolution affects its oral bioavailability. Nanoemulsion (NE) has been developed to improve the delivery of therapeutic agents. This study was aimed to assess the ability of the NE in enhancing ATV bioavailability and minimizing its side effects in hyperlipidemic rats.Methods: Thirty-five rats divided into seven groups were utilized in this study. Hyperlipidemia was induced by feeding rats high fat diet (HFD) for 3 months. The antihyperlipidemic activity of 10 and 20 mg/kg of ATV loaded in two different delivery systems; nanoemulsion (10% and 20% ATV-LNE) or in water (10% and 20% ATV-sol), were investigated. At the end of the experiment, body weight, serum and plasma biochemical parameters (lipid profile, glucose, insulin, liver and kidney functions, oxidative stress markers were assessed. Liver and kidney were histopathologically examined. The physical characteristics of NE were determined by the Zetasizer (the z-average diameter and zeta potential).Results: 20% ATV-LNE had the smallest nanoparticles (38.12±6.71nm) whereas it had the largest zeta negative potential of -26.8±4.16mV. The serum biochemical results and the histopathological examination revealed that treatment with 20% ATV-LNE improved the lipid profile by significantly increasing HDL and decreasing cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein. Both 10 and 20% ATV-LNE reduced serum glucose level compared to other used formulas.Conclusions: NE formulas have the potential to improve the bioavailability and efficacy of ATV and reduce its side effects.
Sustainable Drainage in Challenging Environments
Authors: Charlesworth S.M. , Winter K. , Adam‐Bradford A. , Mezue M. , McTough M. , Warwick F. , Blackett M.
Published: January 2018

The provision of Water, Sanitation and Health (WASH) is recognised by the UN as a human right. However, drainage is not. The lack of drainage leads to flooding and can impact on quality of life and human health. This is particularly true in the most vulnerable of populations who live in informal settlements, favelas and refugee camps. This paper shows the potential of sustainable drainage systems or SuDS to address issues of excess surface water and lack of greywater management in these challenging of environments. SuDS mimic nature by encouraging infiltration, storage and slow conveyance of water to attenuate the storm peak, reduce flooding, improve water quality and provide opportunities for amenity and biodiversity. A layer of complexity is added when considering disease vectors such as mosquitoes which may be prevalent in these environments. By encouraging water underground and reducing puddling of water between dwellings and on the street, their breeding sites are reduced, providing a means of reducing their impacts on health due to zika, dengue or chikungunya. Due to the lack of governance, land tenure and any form of planning, residents of informal settlements and favelas need to be actively engaged in improving the quality of their surroundings. Refugee camps, on the other hand, are formally set up by the UNHCR with WASH installed, thus there is potential to influence policy, to encourage installation of drainage at the same time as WASH so that WASH becomes WASH'D, possibly a first step in recognising drainage as a human right.
Library Impact on Student Retention is Often Not Well Documented or Communicated
Authors: MacDonald Heather
Published: January 2018

A Review of:
Murray, A. L., & Ireland, A. P. (2017). Communicating library impact on retention: A framework for developing reciprocal value propositions. Journal of Library Administration, 57(3), 311-326. http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/01930826.2016.1243425

Abstract

Objective – Identification of trends in documenting and communicating library impact on student retention. Presentation of a framework of library stakeholders with examples of how libraries can communicate their value to each stakeholder group.

Design – Survey and presentation of framework.

Setting – Comprehensive universities in the USA.

Subjects – 68 Academic library deans/directors.

Methods – A survey on current methods of documenting and communicating library impact on student retention was sent to all 271 comprehensive universities with a Carnegie classification of Master’s level. The response rate was 25%. Emergent themes were identified using NVIVO for the qualitative data analysis.

The six markets model was presented as a framework for identifying library stakeholder groups. Examples of reciprocal value propositions (RVP) for each stakeholder group were provided.

Main Results – Analysis of the survey results identified a number of themes about documenting library impact on student retention: use of information literacy assessment, use of satisfaction or feedback instruments (eg: survey, focus group), library-use data, and lack of knowledge of methods. Several responses indicated the methods used for information literacy assessment were not a direct measure for documenting impact on retention. A few institutions piloted more direct methods by combining library use data and student success metrics. A number of institutions said they struggled with how to use library-use data to calculate library impact on retention.

Methods for communicating library impact on retention included formal presentations, annual reports, annual assessment reports, informal communication, and none. Communication was often tied to documentation; if a library did not collect or document impact on retention, they were not able to communicate anything. The authors noted communication tended to be unidirectional rather than being a multidirectional discussion between the library and its stakeholders.

Based on the six markets model, the authors identified six library stakeholder groups that would benefit from understanding library impact on student retention. The authors postulated that identifying these markets would allow the library to define value propositions for each market. The value propositions for each market would be reciprocal because value would be co-created when the library engages with each stakeholder group to fill a service need. The authors proposed that identifying and engaging with stakeholders, and defining reciprocal value propositions for each, would provide the library with an opportunity to advocate for itself.
Embracing the Generalized Propensity Score Method: Measuring the Effect of Library Usage on First-Time-In-College Student Academic Success
Authors: Mao Jingying , Kinsley Kirsten
Published: January 2018

Abstract

Objective – This research focuses on First-Time-in-College (FTIC) student library usage during the first academic year as number of visits (frequency) and length of stay (duration) and how that might affect first-term grade point average (GPA) and first-year retention using the generalized propensity score (GPS). We also want to demonstrate that GPS is a proper tool that researchers in libraries can use to make causal inferences about the effects of library usage on student academic success outcomes in observation studies.

Methods – The sample for this study includes 6,380 FTIC students who matriculated in the fall 2014 and fall 2015 semesters at a large southeastern university. Students’ library usage (frequency and duration), background characteristics, and academic records were collected. The Generalized Propensity Score method was used to estimate the effects of frequency and duration of FTIC library visits. This method minimizes self-selection bias and allows researchers to control for

demographic, pre-college, and collegiate variables. Four dose-response functions were estimated for each treatment (frequency and duration) and outcome variable (GPA and retention).

Results – The estimated dose-response function plots for first-term GPA and first-year retention rate have similar shapes, which initially decrease to the minimum values then gradually increase as the treatment level increases. Specifically, the estimated average first-term GPA is minimized when the FTIC student only visits the library three times or spends one hour in the library during his/her first semester. The threshold for first-year retention occurs when students visit the library 15 times or spend 21 hours in the library during their first semester. After those thresholds, an increase in students’ library usage is related to an increase in their academic success.

Conclusions – The generalized propensity score method gives the library researcher a scientifically rigorous methodological means to make causal inferences in an observational study (Imai & van Dyk, 2004). Using this methodological approach demonstrates that increasing library usage is likely to increase FTIC students’ first-term GPA and first-year retention rates past a certain threshold of frequency and duration.
Announcing the Library Journal Club Network
Authors: . .
Published: January 2018

No abstract.