bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Physical Activity as a Victim, a Perpetrator, or Part of the Solution to the Climate Crisis?
Authors: Gelius Peter , Messing Sven , Tcymbal Antonina , Birkholz Leonie , Abu-Omar Karim
Published: September 2024

Humanity is facing a polycrisis, including climate change, loss of biodiversity, and economic inequalities. This commentary examines the role of physical activity (PA) research in the context of climate change, highlighting 3 perspectives: PA as a victim, as a perpetrator, and as part of the solution. The first perspective conceptualizes PA as a victim of climate change, as heat waves, extreme weather events, and high ozone levels pose a threat to health-enhancing PA and sports; adaptation strategies are needed and potentially lifesaving. The second perspective describes PA as a perpetrator to climate change due to the significant carbon footprint of some forms of PA and sport. The third perspective focuses on PA as a solution to climate change, as some forms of PA—such as active transport and urban gardening—have both individual and planetary health benefits. In addition, PA provides health benefits in extreme situations by reducing stress and maintaining health in times of crisis. Each of these 3 perspectives can guide future research in the field of PA and health.
Social Justice in Practice—Integrating Ethical Leadership, Inclusive Excellence, and Community Engagement in the Undergraduate Kinesiology Curriculum
Authors: Cherubini Jeffrey
Published: September 2024

Creating opportunities for undergraduate students’ personal and professional development including advocacy for social justice is a relevant topic for kinesiology faculty and administrators. Utilizing a multidisciplinary approach to promote self-awareness, behavior change, and social justice in kinesiology, the purpose of this article is to share and discuss high-impact practices and strategies to infuse ethical leadership, inclusive excellence, and community engagement within the kinesiology curriculum. Principles from kinesiology, public health, sport psychology, leadership studies, pedagogy, and human resources are integrated to help kinesiology faculty facilitate and enhance students’ future professional practices. Frameworks for behavior change for social justice in kinesiology include the decolonizing kinesiology ethics, inclusive excellence, stages of change, and effective communication. Readers are encouraged to “take back to their departments” practices and strategies that can be further modified and integrated into their own kinesiology curriculum.
Enhanced ocean heat storage efficiency during the last deglaciation
Authors: Zhu Chenyu , Sanchez Saray , Liu Zhengyu , Clark Peter U. , He Chengfei , Wan Lingfeng , Lu Jiuyou , Zhu Chenguang , Li Lingwei , Zhang Shaoqing , Cheng Lijing
Published: September 2024

Proxy reconstructions suggest that increasing global mean sea surface temperature (GMSST) during the last deglaciation was accompanied by a comparable or greater increase in global mean ocean temperature (GMOT), corresponding to a large heat storage efficiency (HSE; ∆GMOT/∆GMSST). An increased GMOT is commonly attributed to surface warming at sites of deepwater formation, but winter sea ice covered much of these source areas during the last deglaciation, which would imply an HSE much less than 1. Here, we use climate model simulations and proxy-based reconstructions of ocean temperature changes to show that an increased deglacial HSE is achieved by warming of intermediate-depth waters forced by mid-latitude surface warming in response to greenhouse gas and ice sheet forcing as well as by reduced Atlantic meridional overturning circulation associated with meltwater forcing. These results, which highlight the role of surface warming and oceanic circulation changes, have implications for our understanding of long-term ocean heat storage change.
Two-dose priming immunization amplifies humoral immunity by synchronizing vaccine delivery with the germinal center response
Authors: Bhagchandani Sachin H. , Yang Leerang , Lam Jonathan H. , Maiorino Laura , Ben-Akiva Elana , Rodrigues Kristen A. , Romanov Anna , Suh Heikyung , Aung Aereas , Wu Shengwei , Wadhera Anika , Chakraborty Arup K. , Irvine Darrell J.
Published: September 2024

Prolonging exposure to subunit vaccines during the primary immune response enhances humoral immunity. Escalating-dose immunization (EDI), administering vaccines every other day in an increasing pattern over 2 weeks, is particularly effective but challenging to implement clinically. Here, using an HIV Env trimer/saponin adjuvant vaccine, we explored simplified EDI regimens and found that a two-shot regimen administering 20% of the vaccine followed by the remaining 80% of the dose 7 days later increased T
FH
responses 6-fold, antigen-specific germinal center (GC) B cells 10-fold, and serum antibody titers 10-fold compared with bolus immunization. Computational modeling of T
FH
priming and the GC response suggested that enhanced activation/antigen loading on dendritic cells and increased capture of antigen delivered in the second dose by follicular dendritic cells contribute to these effects, predictions we verified experimentally. These results suggest that a two-shot priming approach can be used to substantially enhance responses to subunit vaccines.
Interference without interferon: interferon-independent induction of interferon-stimulated genes and its role in cellular innate immunity
Authors: Swaraj Shachee , Tripathi Shashank
Published: September 2024

Interferons (IFNs) are multifaceted proteins that play pivotal roles in orchestrating robust antiviral immune responses and modulating the intricate landscape of host immunity. The major signaling pathway activated by IFNs is the JAK/STAT (Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription) pathway, which leads to the transcription of a battery of genes, collectively known as IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs). While the well-established role of IFNs in coordinating the innate immune response against viral infections is widely acknowledged, recent years have provided a more distinct comprehension of the functional significance attributed to non-canonical, IFN-independent induction of ISGs. In this review, we summarize the non-conventional signaling pathways of ISG induction. These alternative pathways offer new avenues for developing antiviral strategies or immunomodulation in various diseases.
Neonatal hyperinsulinism: a retrospective study of presentation and management in a tertiary neonatal intensive care unit in the UK
Authors: Kalogeropoulou Maria-Sofia , Couch Helen , Thankamony Ajay , Beardsall Kathy
Published: September 2024

Objective

Reports of hyperinsulinism typically focus on infants managed by highly specialised services. However, neonates with hyperinsulinism are initially managed by neonatologists and often not referred to specialists. This study aimed to characterise the diversity in presentation and management of these infants.

Setting

Level 3 neonatal intensive care.

Patients

Neonates with hyperinsulinism, defined as blood glucose <2.8 mmol/mL and insulin level >6 pmol/L.

Design

7-year retrospective study (January 2015–December 2021).

Results

99 cases were identified:severe—treated with diazoxide (20%),moderate—clinically concerning hyperinsulinism not treated with diazoxide (30%),mild—biochemical hyperinsulinism (50%). Birth weight z-score was −1.02±2.30 (mean±SD), 42% were preterm, but neither variable correlated with clinical severity. Theseveregroup received a higher concentration of intravenous glucose (27±12%) compared with themoderate(15±7%) andmild(16±10%) groups (p<0.001). At diagnosis, the intravenous glucose intake was similar in thesevere(7.43±5.95 mg/kg/min) andmoderate(5.09±3.86 mg/kg/min) groups, but higher compared with themildgroup (3.05+/2.21 mg/kg/min) (p<0.001). In theseveregroup, term infants started diazoxide earlier (9.9±4.3 days) compared with preterm (37±26 days) (p=0.002). The national congenital hyperinsulinism service was consulted for 23% of infants, and 3% were transferred.

Conclusions

This study highlights the diversity in clinical presentation, severity and prognosis of neonatal hyperinsulinism, irrespective of birth weight and gestational age. More infants were small rather than large for gestational age, and the majority had transient hyperinsulinism and were not referred to the national centre, or treated with diazoxide. Further research is required to understand the breadth of neonatal hyperinsulinism and optimal management.
Medication adherence to inhalation therapy and the risk of COPD exacerbations: a systematic review with meta-analysis
Authors: Vauterin Delphine , Van Vaerenbergh Frauke , Grymonprez Maxim , Vanoverschelde Anna , Lahousse Lies
Published: September 2024

Background

Assessing medication adherence is crucial in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) management to prevent exacerbations. However, it is unclear whether this association between adherence and exacerbations is influenced by the adherence assessment methods or thresholds used. Electronic healthcare databases are valuable to study exacerbations and adherence in real life. We aimed to systematically review the literature to identify adherence assessment methods and thresholds used in healthcare databases when investigating the association between medication adherence and COPD exacerbations and to meta-analyse the associated effect sizes.

Method

MEDLINE, Web of Science and Embase were searched for peer-reviewed articles, written in English, published up to 10 October 2022 (PROSPERO: CRD42022363449). Two reviewers independently conducted screening for inclusion and performed data extraction. A qualitative approach described the adherence assessment methods and thresholds used. A quantitative approach (meta-analysis using random effects model) estimated the association between adherence and the risk of COPD exacerbations.

Results

Eight studies were included in the systematic review of which five studies were included in the meta-analysis. The medication possession ratio (MPR) and the proportion of days covered (PDC) were the adherence assessment methods used and 0.80 was always used as threshold to differentiate good from poor adherence. Adherence and exacerbations were mostly measured over the same time period. Poor adherence (MPR or PDC<0.80) was significantly associated with a higher COPD exacerbation risk (OR 1.40, 95% CI 1.21 to 1.62, I2=85%), regardless of the adherence assessment method used. Results were consistent when stratified by exacerbation severity. Poor adherence was also associated with a time-dependent risk of COPD exacerbations (incidence rate ratio 1.31, 95% CI 1.17 to 1.46).

Conclusion

Our systematic review with meta-analysis demonstrated a 40% increased risk of COPD exacerbations in case of poor adherence to inhaler medication.

PROSPERO registration number

CRD42022363449.
Comprehensive strain assessment and mortality after acute myocardial infarction: a retrospective observational study based on the Essen Coronary Artery Disease registry
Authors: Backmann Viktoria , Dykun Iryna , Kampf Jürgen , Balcer Bastian , Roggel Anja , Totzeck Matthias , Rassaf Tienush , Mahabadi Amir A
Published: September 2024

Background and aims

Current ESC guidelines on the management of patients after acute myocardial infarction only include the evaluation of left ventricular (LV) function by assessment of the ejection fraction in addition to clinical risk scores to estimate the patient’s prognosis. We aimed to determine, whether comprehensive evaluation of cardiac function using LV and right ventricular (RV) global longitudinal strain (GLS) and left atrial (LA) reservoir strain improves the prediction of survival in patients with acute myocardial infarction.

Methods

In patients with non-ST segment elevation or ST segment elevation myocardial infarction receiving echocardiography within 1 year after revascularisation, LV-GLS, RV-GLS and LA reservoir strain were quantified. In multivariable Cox regression analysis, HRs and 95% CIs were calculated per 1 SD increase in strain measure, adjusting for age, sex, systolic blood pressure, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, smoking, diabetes and family history of premature coronary artery disease.

Results

During a median follow-up of 1.5 (0.5–4.2) years, 157 (11.1%) out of 1409 patients (64.4±13.5 years, 24.7% female) died. LV-GLS (1.68 (1.37–2.06), p<0.001), RV-GLS (1.39 (1.16–1.67), p<0.001) and LA reservoir strain (0.57 (0.47–0.69), p<0.001) were associated with mortality. Adding LV ejection fraction, tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (TAPSE) or LA volume index to these models did not alter the association of strain measures of the LV (1.41 (1.06–1.89), p=0.02), RV (1.48 (1.03–2.13), p=0.04) or LA (0.61 (0.49–0.76), p<0.001). In receiver operating characteristics, combining the three strain measures improved the prediction of mortality above risk factors (AUC: 0.67 (0.63–0.71) to 0.75 (0.70–0.80)), while further addition of LV ejection fraction, TAPSE and LA volume index did not (0.75 (0.70–0.81)).

Conclusion

The comprehensive evaluation of contractility of various cardiac chambers via transthoracic echocardiography using myocardial strain analysis, when routinely performed after acute myocardial infarction, may help to detect patients at increased mortality risk.
Assessment of AI-based computational H&E staining versus chemical H&E staining for primary diagnosis in lymphomas: a brief interim report
Authors: Koka Rima , Wake Laura M , Ku Nam K , Rice Kathryn , LaRocque Autumn , Vidal Elba G , Alexanian Serge , Kozikowski Raymond , Rivenson Yair , Kallen Michael Edward
Published: September 2024

Microscopic review of tissue sections is of foundational importance in pathology, yet the traditional chemistry-based histology laboratory methods are labour intensive, tissue destructive, poorly scalable to the evolving needs of precision medicine and cause delays in patient diagnosis and treatment. Recent AI-based techniques offer promise in upending histology workflow; one such method developed by PictorLabs can generate near-instantaneous diagnostic images via a machine learning algorithm. Here, we demonstrate the utility of virtual staining in a blinded, wash-out controlled study of 16 cases of lymph node excisional biopsies, including a spectrum of diagnoses from reactive to lymphoma and compare the diagnostic performance of virtual and chemical H&Es across a range of stain quality, image quality, morphometric assessment and diagnostic interpretation parameters as well as proposed follow-up immunostains. Our results show non-inferior performance of virtual H&E stains across all parameters, including an improved stain quality pass rate (92% vs 79% for virtual vs chemical stains, respectively) and an equivalent rate of binary diagnostic concordance (90% vs 92%). More detailed adjudicated reviews of differential diagnoses and proposed IHC panels showed no major discordances. Virtual H&Es appear fit for purpose and non-inferior to chemical H&Es in diagnostic assessment of clinical lymph node samples, in a limited pilot study.
Applying a ‘presumably plausible’ principle in a new one-time financial compensation system for occupational diseases in the Netherlands
Authors: Coenen Pieter , Kezic Sanja , Heederik Dick J J , Peters Susan , van der Molen Henk F
Published: September 2024

Objectives

In the Netherlands, a new regulation has been adopted for recognition and compensation of serious substance-related occupational diseases. A national advisory committee has a key task of providing advice on the protocols for operationalisation of individual causality assessment in this new context.

Methods

Protocol development involves gathering the best available population-level evidence on causality and using this evidence to determine individual causality. Here, thepresumably plausibleprinciple was adopted, which stipulates that uncertainties in individual causality should be weighed in favour of a fast and transparent one-time compensation for (ex-)workers.

Results

In monocausal diseases, a limited workplace exposure assessment is considered sufficient to determine whether individual causality is presumably plausible in the Dutch context. For multicausal occupational diseases, individual causality assessment is more complicated. Modelling of existing data on the exposure–response relation helps establish the probability of causation, that is, the risk of the disease attributable to a work-related exposure. This operationalisation, applied in some protocols, makes use of the probability of causation, while being prudent in establishing exposure limits. An example from asbestos and lung cancer is provided in this short report.

Conclusions

We propose a pragmatic approach to individual causality assessment of substance-related occupational diseases, considering statistical and diagnostic uncertainties. This approach substantiates protocols towards a one-time financial compensation without long-winding recognition procedures.
Impact of work pace on cardiorespiratory outcomes, perceived effort and carried load in industrial workers: a randomised cross-over trial
Authors: Javanmardi Sasha , Rappelt Ludwig , Heinke Lars , Niederer Daniel , Zemke Janis Alexander , Freiwald Jürgen , Baumgart Christian
Published: September 2024

Objectives

This study investigates the impact of different work paces on cardiorespiratory outcomes, perceived effort and carried load (CL) in industrial workers.

Methods

A randomised cross-over trial was conducted at a mid-sized steel company. We included 12 healthy industrial workers (8 females, age: mean 44±SD 9 years, height: 1.70±0.08 m, body mass: 79.5±13.4 kg) with at least 6 months of working experience. All participants performed 5 min of piece work at 100% (P100), 115% (P115) and 130% (P130) of the company’s internal target yielded in a randomised order, separated by 5 min familiarisation breaks. The primary outcome was energy expenditure (EE), calculated from a respiratory gas exchange using a metabolic analyser. Secondary outcomes were total ventilation, oxygen uptake, carbon dioxide release, respiratory exchange ratio, heart rate and rating of perceived effort (0–10). Furthermore, the metabolic equivalent and the CL were calculated. Data were analysed with repeated measure analyses of variance.

Results

For EE, a large ‘pace’ effect with a small difference between P100 and P130 (165.9±33.4 vs 178.8±40.1 kcal/hour−1, p=0.008, standard mean difference, SMD=0.35) was revealed. Additionally, a large difference in CL between all paces (p<0.001, SMD≥1.10) was revealed. No adverse events occurred.

Conclusions

Cardiorespiratory outcomes rise with increased work pace, but the practical relevance of these differences still needs to be specified. However, the CL will add up over time and may impact musculoskeletal health in the long term.
Brain fog
Authors: McWhirter Laura
Published: September 2024

‘Brain fog’ is a term that patients use increasingly frequently in the neurology clinic. We may think that we know what patients are talking about but at least some of the time we are likely to be getting it wrong. Patients use the term ‘brain fog’ to describe a wide range of subjective phenomena and symptoms. This paper suggests useful lines of questioning, and discusses the clinical correlates of a range of common ‘brain fog’ experiences.
Neutrino many-body correlations
Authors: Johns Lucas
Published: September 2024

This paper responds to suggestions that the standard approach to collective neutrino oscillations leaves out potentially important quantum many-body correlations. Arguments in favor of this idea have been based on calculations that, on close scrutiny, offer no evidence either way. Inadequacies of the usual quantum-kinetic formalism are not currently supported by the literature.
One-dimensional Dirac oscillator with generalized Snyder model in a thermal bath
Authors: Boussaid Chaib , Benzair Hadjira , Boudjedaa Tahar
Published: September 2024

Following the path integral approach and within in the context of nonrelativistic Snyder–de Sitter algebra, we formulate the Green function for Dirac oscillator particle in ([Formula: see text]) space-time dimension. Using the momentum space representation [Formula: see text], we determine the energy eigenvalues and the eigenfunctions, where the wave functions can be given in terms of Gegenbauer polynomials. In addition, the high-temperature thermodynamic properties of the relativistic harmonic oscillators are analyzed, which we found that the heat capacity is not equal two times greater than the heat capacity of the one-dimensional harmonic oscillator for higher temperatures in SdS model. The special cases are found and discussed.
On the KG-constrained general disformal transformation of the Einstein–Hilbert action
Authors: Alinea Allan L. , Ordońez Joshwa D. J.
Published: September 2024

Although with great successes in explaining phenomena and natural behavior involving the Universe or a part thereof, the General Theory of Relativity is far from a complete theory. Focusing on its extension within the framework of scalar tensor theory, we investigate the transformation of the Einstein–Hilbert action under the general disformal transformation coupled with a set of triple KG constraints. The idea is that the general disformal transformation leads to an extremely complicated action necessitating a set of constraints to tame the resulting form. Motivated by previous studies on the invertibility and invariance of the massless Klein–Gordon equation under the general disformal transformation, we identify three constraints that significantly simplifies the transformed Einstein–Hilbert action. In four spacetime dimonsions, we find that the transformed action is a sum of the original action and a disformal contribution involving a six-term Lagrangian that includes the Ricci tensor coupled to a sum of derivatives of scalar fields and kinetic terms. In three spacetime dimensions, the disformal contribution becomes a five-term Lagrangian. Last, in two spacetime dimensions, the Einstein–Hilbert action is invariant under the constrained disformal transformation.
Mining Fine-Grained Code Change Patterns Using Multiple Feature Analysis
Authors: Liu Di , Feng Yang
Published: September 2024

Maintaining high code quality is a crucial concern in software development. Existing studies demonstrated that developers frequently face recurrent bugs and adopt similar fix measures, known as code change patterns. As an essential static analysis technique, code pattern mining supports various tasks, including code refactoring, automated program repair, and defect prediction, thus significantly improving software development processes. A prevalent approach to identifying code patterns involves translating code changes to edit actions into a Bag-of-Words (BoW) model. However, when applied to open-source projects, this method exhibits several limitations. For instance, it overlooks function call information and disregards feature word order. This study introduces MIFA, a novel technique for mining code change patterns using multiple feature analysis. MIFA extends existing BoW methods by incorporating analysis of function calls and overall changes in the Abstract Syntax Tree (AST) structure. We selected 20 popular Python projects and evaluated MIFA in both intra-project and cross-project scenarios. The experimental results indicate that: (1) MIFA achieved higher silhouette coefficients and F1 scores compared to other state-of-the-art methods, demonstrating a superior accuracy; (2) MIFA can assist developers in detecting unique change patterns more earlier, with an efficiency improvement of over 40% compared to random sampling. Additionally, we discussed critical parameters for measuring the similarity of code changes, guiding users to apply our method effectively.
On m-tuples of nilpotent 2 × 2 matrices over an arbitrary field
Authors: Lopatin Artem
Published: September 2024

The algebra of [Formula: see text]-invariants of m-tuples of [Formula: see text] matrices with respect to the action by simultaneous conjugation is a classical topic in case of infinite base field. On the other hand, in case of a finite field generators of polynomial invariants are not known even for a pair of [Formula: see text] matrices. Working over an arbitrary field we classified all [Formula: see text]-orbits on m-tuples of [Formula: see text] nilpotent matrices for all [Formula: see text]. As a consequence, we obtained a minimal separating set for the algebra of [Formula: see text]-invariant polynomial functions of m-tuples of [Formula: see text] nilpotent matrices. We also described the least possible number of elements of a separating set for an algebra of invariant polynomial functions over a finite field.
OPTIMAL HARVEST CONTROL OF PREDATOR–PREY SYSTEMS IN FISHERIES WITH STAGE STRUCTURE AND ADDITIONAL FOOD SUPPLY
Authors: BO XINYU , LV GUANGYING , LIU WENJUN , MOUSSAOUI ALI
Published: September 2024

In this paper, we consider a fishery predator–prey system with stage structure and additional food incorporating fluctuations in resource prices influenced by supply and demand. The fishery system can be regarded as a slow–fast system under some suitable assumptions. Through variable aggregation methods, we derive a simplified four-dimensional model governing the density of prey fish, the juvenile and adult predator densities, and fishing effort in the fishery. We perform a stability analysis of the simplified system and give the optimal harvesting policy by using Pontryagin’s maximum principle. In our analysis, we find that the catastrophe equilibrium point corresponding to overfishing leading to fish extinction is unstable, which indicates that the predator stage structure has an impact on the stability of the system. Moreover, we find that due to the additional food item the system appears to have prey-free equilibrium points, which indicates that the system does not collapse due to the extinction of one prey item. We also give thresholds for the amount of additional food needed to maintain the balance of the system under different circumstances.
TWO-DIMENSIONAL SYNERGISTIC DYNAMICS OF BUFFER AND CALCIUM IN AN OBESE AND NORMAL HEPATOCYTE CELL
Authors: MISHRA VEDIKA , ADLAKHA NEERU
Published: September 2024

Cellular signaling is based on calcium ions (Ca[Formula: see text]), with proteins called buffers regulating their concentration. Previous research works have often treated buffer levels as constant but it is essential to acknowledge that buffers also undergo diffusion, causing fluctuations in their concentration within cells. Previous research works have overlooked the interconnected dynamics of calcium and buffers in cells. This research presents a novel two-dimensional framework integrating reaction–diffusion equations, governing calcium ions and buffers within both normal and obese hepatocyte cells. Additionally, it incorporates blip and puff phenomena which serve as significant sources influencing cellular signaling pathways. Cell’s physiological conditions are used to formulate boundary and initial conditions. This research delves into the repercussions of various parameters by employing finite element simulation, including the SERCA pump, inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate receptor (IP3R) and diffusion coefficient, on the spatio-temporal dynamics of calcium and buffers. Furthermore, it conducts a comparative examination of calcium dynamics between normal and obese hepatocyte cells. This model provides a heightened verisimilitude by encompassing the intertwined regulatory influences of calcium and buffers, distinguishing itself from prevailing models that treat these signaling mechanisms as isolated entities within hepatocyte cells.
Participating Mass of Large-Scale Complex Dynamic Machine Foundation: Taking the National Facility for Earthquake Engineering Simulation (NFEES) as an Example
Authors: Ba Zhenning , Fu Zhanyuan , Han Qinghua , Liang Jianwen , Liu Mingjie , Zhang Jinyuan
Published: September 2024

To satisfy the performance and technological requirements of large-scale dynamic machines, the foundation is evolving toward considerable size and complex structure. This makes it vibrate asynchronously, and the existing relevant guidelines and specifications that consider the foundation as a rigid body are no longer applicable. Initially, by referencing the concept of the participating mass of soil (the mass of surrounding soil that vibrates synchronously), the concept of participating mass of large-scale complex dynamic machine foundations is proposed. Subsequently, the theoretical and corresponding numerical solutions are given based on the elastic half-space theory and finite element analysis. Furthermore, referring to the prototype of the foundation of the NFEES in China, a refined finite model encompassing the surrounding soil, multilayer complex machine foundations is established. After validating the numerical model, the vibration response and the participating mass of the foundation are analyzed. Additionally, parameterized analyses are conducted by varying factors such as the overall and local stiffness of the foundation, the presence of piles at the bottom of the foundation, the integration of a large shaking table foundation and an underwater shaking table foundation. Results indicate that the foundation of the large shaking table demonstrates vibration synchronization during operation, and the participating rates exceed 80%. The piles at the bottom and the separation of the large shaking table foundation from the underwater shaking table foundation perform effectively to reduce the vibration response and enhance the synchronization of the foundation vibration. The vibration response calculated by the numerical model can be directly applied to assess whether the foundation design satisfies the vibration limit requirements, and the parameterized analyses can provide suggestions for the dynamic design and analysis of similarly large-scale complex dynamic machine foundations.
Effects of Track Structure Nonlinearity on Running Safety of Simply Supported Girder Bridges During Earthquakes
Authors: Wang Jiahao , Zhu Zhihui , Gong Wei , Zhou Gaoyang , Tang Yongjiu
Published: September 2024

The nonlinearity of the ballastless track-simply supported girder bridge primarily manifests in the bearings and track structure during earthquakes. While existing research has elucidated the effects of bearing nonlinearity on running safety during earthquakes, the effects of track structure nonlinearity remain unclear. Therefore, this study further explores the effects of track structure nonlinearity on running safety during earthquakes. First, a dynamic analysis of the train–track–bridge coupled system (TTBCS) incorporating track structure nonlinearity, was performed using the ANSYS-TRBF (train–rail–bridge-foundation coupled system dynamic analysis software, TRBF) co-simulation approach to assess running safety during earthquakes. Then, by comparing results from the TTBCS models both with and without track structure nonlinearity, this study clarified the effects of track structure nonlinearity on dynamic response and running safety assessment (RSA) indices. It was found that neglecting track structure nonlinearity during earthquakes can result in an overestimation of the Nadal, leading to an inaccurate RSA. Moreover, this effect intensifies as the seismic intensity increases. By explaining these results, this study elucidates the mechanism by which track structure nonlinearity affects running safety. Finally, this study specified the necessary seismic intensities and vehicle speed ranges needed to consider track structure nonlinearity, and established a comprehensive influence domain. This study reveals the effects of track structure nonlinearity on running safety during earthquakes, contributing to a more accurate RSA during earthquakes.
Vibration Suppression and Energy Harvesting of Nonlinear Energy Sink-Based Piezoelectric System with Combined Damping and Bistability Properties for Nonlinear Oscillator
Authors: Lin Xiqi , Wang Lingzhi , Wang Ziheng , Yan Zhitao , Qin Yangdong , Nie Xiaochun
Published: September 2024

Nonlinear energy sink (NES) as a new type of dynamic absorber has received widespread attention due to its broadband vibration suppression capability, but it has a certain requirement of energy triggering threshold. In this work, a bistable NES-based piezoelectric system with combined damping (BCPNES) and low threshold requirement is proposed. Electromechanical-coupled equations for the nonlinear oscillator coupled with BCPNES (NO-BCPNES) are established. The vibration suppression and vibration energy harvesting performance for the coupled system are investigated numerically and analytically. The frequency–energy plots of the conservative system are investigated using the complex-variable averaging method and the electromechanical decoupling method. The influence of circuit parameters on the target energy transfer threshold and harvested energy is discussed through the equivalent stiffness and damping of the circuit. The vibration suppression performance and the target energy transfer characteristics are analyzed in terms of the time–history response, the time–frequency response and the slowly varying dynamic flow, respectively. The results show that the electromechanical coupling coefficient affects the skeleton curve of frequency–energy plots in the form of equivalent stiffness. The NO-BCPNES system exhibits higher energy dissipation performance and better targeted energy transfer form under various excitations. From the phase perspective, NES-based piezoelectric system achieves vibration suppression of the main structure through the phase locking phenomenon. The mechanism of the influence of piezoelectric device parameters on the energy harvesting performance of the systems is clarified.
Application of Reservoir Computers for Chaos Synchronization and Cracking Chaos-Based Cryptography in Fermionic 2D Thirring and 4D Gursey Models with Spinor Fields
Authors: Oniz Yesim , Tosyali Eren , Aydogmus Fatma
Published: September 2024

Reservoir computers have recently become one of the most widely exploited model-free approaches to chaos synchronization due to their fast convergence speed and simple yet effective learning rules. In this study, reservoir computing has been utilized to emulate the dynamics of chaotic Thirring and Gursey systems. In the supervised learning of the reservoir, one-step ahead states of the dynamical systems have been employed as the teaching signals. After the training phase, the reservoir was first run autonomously and then weakly driven by chaotic systems. It has been shown that the trained reservoir computers can exhibit the same characteristics as the attractors of the learned chaotic systems, which enable their use in synchronization tasks of chaotic systems with possible application in cracking chaos-based cryptography. To investigate the effect of noise on the performance of reservoir computers, noise signals with different colors and amplitudes have been included in the transmitted signals. The obtained results indicate that the proposed scheme can provide lower error metrics for both models.
Time Irreversibility of Complex Time Series with Detrended Cross-Correlation Analysis Based on Visibility Graph
Authors: Yin Yi , Wang Xi , Wang Wenjing , Li Qiang , Shang Pengjian
Published: September 2024

In this paper, we introduce detrended cross-correlation analysis (DCCA) method into visibility graph (VG) algorithm and propose VGDCCA method to reflect the time series irreversibility from a new perspective. The validity and reliability of the proposed VGDCCA method is supported by numerical simulations on synthesized short-term correlated chaotic systems and long-term correlated fractal processes, and by the empirical analysis on stock indices and traffic parameter. The VGDCCA planes suggest that autoregressive fractionally integrated moving average (ARFIMA) and fractional Gaussian noise (FGN) series show time reversible behavior, whatever the long-term correlation of the series is or however strong the persistence or anti-persistence of the series is. Meanwhile, Logistic map with [Formula: see text] and Hénon map show more time irreversible behaviors than those of ARFIMA, FGN series and other Logistic maps. It can be found that the relationship between cross-correlation of ingoing degree sequence and outgoing degree sequence for the simulated series with different parameters is consistent with the complexity and autocorrelation behavior in the corresponding definition of the time series. For the empirical analysis, VGDCCA method declares the similarity and dissimilarity between stock indices on time series irreversibility and captures the time irreversibility of traffic time series recorded by the detectors in different locations.
Moderate deviations for a stochastic Schrödinger equation with linear drift
Authors: Fatheddin Parisa , Lisei Hannelore
Published: September 2024

Moderate deviation principle is achieved by the weak convergence approach for a stochastic Schrödinger type equation with linear drift term and noise driven by a [Formula: see text]-Wiener process. The central limit theorem is also shown for the equation to further analyze its asymptotic behavior.
PAYOFF-BASED PROBABILISTIC INTERACTION MODEL ON THE EVOLUTION OF COOPERATION IN SPATIAL PUBLIC GOODS GAME
Authors: LIU YAJIE , MA JINLONG , XU XIANGYANG , LI YUPING
Published: September 2024

In the spatial public goods game (SPGG), punishment effectively promotes cooperation but often reduces the collective benefits of cooperators and punishers. In order to increase revenue, we propose a probabilistic interaction domain model considering both strategy type and payoff level. In this model, players are divided into two types, successful players with payoffs higher than the payoff threshold and failed players with payoffs lower than the payoff threshold. A successful player is less likely to change the interaction range than a failed player. Through extensive simulations, it is shown to verify that a higher payoff threshold leads to a more pronounced promotion effect on cooperation and corresponds to a higher cooperation return. Moreover, introducing dynamic interaction domain can rapidly remove defectors from the vicinity of cooperative players on regular lattices. Reducing the payoff gap between punishers and cooperators helps mitigate the system’s second-order free-riding problem. Additionally, through analysis of the critical parameters, it is revised that incorporating diversity in interaction structures substantively enhances cooperation level.
Hybridized Multi-Special Decision Finding with Anti-Theft Probabilistic Method in the Improvement of Cloud-Based E-Commerce
Authors: Yallamelli Akhil Raj Gaius , Mamidala Vijaykumar , Devarajan Mohanarangan Veerappermal , Yalla Rama Krishna Mani Kanta , Ganesan Thirusubramanian , Sambas Aceng
Published: September 2024

In addition to dealing with the dispute between the e-commerce activities of companies and the lack of supplies, the companies had settled, by applying a highly developed cloud technology framework, the difficulties of lack of resources, workforce and necessary technology in e-commerce activities. E-commerce utilizing cloud-based financial instruments is becoming a common strategy for the rise of international growth over the years. Nevertheless, the presence of fake goods on the site endangered the advantages of all investors. Therefore, this paper suggests a Hybridized Multi-special Decision finding with the Anti-Theft Probabilistic (HMDAP) method for making the improvement of the cloud-based model, and it is trained to find fake goods. A multi-special decision finding is used to address the issues and the lack of e-commerce facilities by creating a programming environment for e-commerce provided by the cloud computing system. The Anti-Theft Probabilistic method is used to track fake goods and use the Carlo method to predict possible stolen data in e-commerce. HMDAP enables businesses to reduce expenses through the successful delivery of e-commerce activities and provides assumptions of unsafe data in e-commerce.
Click approach for the synthesis of 1,4-disubstituted-1,2, 3-triazoles of porphyrin-isatin/sulfa drug conjugates based on m-THPP
Authors: Sweed Ayman M. , Ragab Sherif S. , Fikry Mohamed , Mohamed-Ezzat Reham A. , Shaker Yasser M.
Published: September 2024

New porphyrin-isatin/sulfa drugs conjugates based on symmetrical 5,10,15,20-tetrakis(3-hydroxyphenyl)porphyrin ([Formula: see text]-THPP) with 1,4-regioisomers of 1,2,3-triazole linker were successfully synthesized. The constructed porphyrin-conjugates 15-19 and 22-24 contained mono-, tri- (unsymmetrical), or tetrafunctionalized units of isatin, sulfanilamide and sulfapyridine with 1,2,3-triazole linker. The synthesis of these conjugates was achieved by nucleophilic functionalization of [Formula: see text]-THPP by propargyl bromide followed by zinc metalation to achieve the mono-/tri-/tetrafunctionalized propargyl[Formula: see text]-THPP zinc-complex derivatives 3-5 (alkyne partners). The formed alkyne partners underwent cycloaddition reaction with isatin azide 8, azidosulfanilamide 13 and azidosulfapyridine 14 (azide partners) using click conditions via applying copper (I) catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC). The utilized protocol succeeded in generating amphiphilic conjugates based on [Formula: see text]-THPP in an easy, simple, and quick manner, with high regioselectivity and high yields for potential medicinal and biological applications. The Zn-porphyrin derivatives’ photonic properties were investigated via photoabsorption and fluorescence. The optical properties were also studied and it is obvious that the Zn-porphyrin complex derivatives are different from those of the free-base porphyrin and could be relied on the number of triazole units and bioconjugate type.
Porphyrin films as discrete elements for nucleoside identification: Experimental and DFT study
Authors: Vera-Alvizar Estefania G. , Rivera Jesús M. , Tahuilan-Anguiano Diana E. , Álvarez-Venicio Violeta , Carreón-Castro María del Pilar , Rivera M.
Published: September 2024

In this work, the interaction of metal-free octaethylporphyrin (P) and a Mn(III) octaethylporphyrin chloride (MnP) films with various RNA nucleoside molecules (adenosine [A], cytidine [C], guanosine [G] and uridine [U]) was investigated to elucidate a possible molecular recognition. The porphyrin film-nucleoside interaction took place in solution, which was analyzed to quantify the nucleoside adsorption. The films were investigated by using microscopy and spectroscopic techniques (SEM, AFM, UV-Vis and IR), in addition to the in-plane film conductivity. Experimental results were correlated with DFT calculations to investigate binding energies, separation distances, and adsorption sites, among others. From these results, it was observed that purine bases were preferably adsorbed by the metal-free porphyrin film, while pyrimidine bases were adsorbed on the manganese porphyrin surface. Conductivity results exhibited the highest resistance for the bare metal-free film, but its conductivity increases after nucleoside adsorption, being the purine molecules the most resistive and the pyrimidine molecules the most conductive. In contrast, the Mn porphyrin film showed the highest conductivity, but after nucleoside adsorption, the resistivity increased for purine and pyrimidine bases, being pyrimidines the less conductive. DFT calculations showed binding energies PG>PA>PC>PU and MnPC>MnPG>MnPA>MnPU, which were consistent with experimental findings. In general, the main interactions took place between the porphyrin core and the pentose of the nucleoside, while MnP formed Mn porphyrin-nucleoside arrangements with octahedral geometry. The calculated UV-Vis spectra were in agreement with the experimental plots. From these results, changes in nucleoside adsorption can lead to a selective recognition of nucleoside molecules.
Role of food conversion efficiency due to predation of prey populations in an eco-epidemiological model with Allee and refugia
Authors: Das Krishna Pada , Pramanik Sanjukta , Biswas Santanu , Mondal Seema Sarkar , Karmakar Partha
Published: September 2024

Predator–prey interactions are considered to be key components in the structural framework of an ecosystem. Giving rise to rich dynamics, these engagements have always drawn attention of budding researchers. Biological processes like Allee effect have been investigated by several researchers in the field of eco-epidemiology. Regulation of chaotic dynamics under the influence of refugia cannot be neglected either. Hence, in our present investigation, we have demonstrated our model under the cumulative impact of both Allee effect and refugia. We shall also observe the role of nutritional value in regulating ailment propagation. The stability conditions for the biologically feasible equilibrium points are constructed using local stability analysis. Conditions for existence of Hopf bifurcation along with uniform persistence and global asymptotic stability have been established. Rigorous numerical investigation has been performed so as to scrutinize the impact of force of infection and nutritional value on the dynamics of the proposed eco-epidemic model.
On a stratification of positive scalar curvature compact manifolds
Authors: Labbi Mohammed Larbi
Published: September 2024

For a compact PSC Riemannian [Formula: see text]-manifold [Formula: see text], the metric constant [Formula: see text] is defined to be the infinimum over [Formula: see text] of the spectral scalar curvature [Formula: see text] of [Formula: see text], where [Formula: see text] are the eigenvalues of the curvature operator of [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] is the maximal eigenvalue. The functional [Formula: see text] is continuous, re-scale invariant and defines a stratification of the space of PSC metrics over [Formula: see text]. We introduce as well the smooth constant [Formula: see text], which is the supremum of [Formula: see text] over the set of all PSC Riemannian metrics [Formula: see text] on [Formula: see text].

In this paper, we show that in the top layer, compact manifolds with [Formula: see text] are positive space forms. No manifolds have their [Formula: see text] in the interval [Formula: see text]. The manifold [Formula: see text] and arbitrary connected sums of copies of it with connected sums of positive space forms all have [Formula: see text]. For [Formula: see text], we prove that the manifolds [Formula: see text] take the intermediate values [Formula: see text]. From the bottom, we prove that simply connected (resp. [Formula: see text]-connected, [Formula: see text]-connected and non-string) compact manifolds of dimension [Formula: see text] (resp. [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text]) have [Formula: see text] (resp. [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text]). The proof of these last three results is based on surgery. In fact, we prove that the smooth [Formula: see text] constant doesn’t decrease after a surgery on the manifold with adequate codimension.
δ-Jordan derivations of prime rings
Authors: Bera Nripendu , De Filippis Vincenzo , Dhara Basudeb
Published: September 2024

Let [Formula: see text] be a prime ring of characteristic different from [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] its Utumi quotient ring, [Formula: see text] its extended centroid, [Formula: see text] a noncentral multilinear polynomial over [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] two generalized derivations of [Formula: see text] such that [Formula: see text]. We describe all possible forms of [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] in the case [Formula: see text] for all [Formula: see text]. In particular we prove that [Formula: see text] must be a derivation of [Formula: see text] unless when one of the following cases occurs:

(1) there exist [Formula: see text] such that [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], for any [Formula: see text], with [Formula: see text]; (2) [Formula: see text] is central valued on [Formula: see text] and there exist [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] such that [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] for all [Formula: see text], with [Formula: see text].