bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Application of Wireless Power Transfer to Railway Parking Functionality: Preliminary Design Considerations with Series-Series and LCC Topologies
Authors: Pugi Luca , Reatti Alberto , Corti Fabio
Published: December 2018

There is a wide literature concerning the application of inductive power transfer (IPT) to light railway systems. In this work, proposed application is innovative with respect to existing literature: static current collection on conventional railway lines is proposed in order to replace the functionalities implemented by conventional battery chargers and the so-called railway “parking” system. According to standards in force, current collection in standstill conditions is limited since pantograph contact shoes and catenary wires have to be protected by thermal overload. These limitations have to be considered since power demand for all the services installed on modern coaches should be higher than 20-40kW. This is a critical technical issue especially for long compositions that have to be prepared for service by activating on-board subsystems such as heating and air conditioning. Additional possible applications should be related to refrigerated wagons in freight compositions. In all these cases the availability of a simple, safe, and compact system should be useful to ensure a wireless power collection to on-board equipment. In this work authors introduce the proposed application and perform some preliminary design considerations. With respect to current literature on IPT systems, authors also introduce some innovative design criteria based on the analogy between resonant electrical system and corresponding mechanical ones. In this way, sizing of the proposed IPT system can be performed using modal methods that are also used for the proper sizing of mechanical vibrating systems, such as example, vehicle suspensions, or pantograph systems.
A Library of Potential Nanoparticle Contrast Agents for X-Ray Fluorescence Tomography Bioimaging
Authors: Li Yuyang , Shaker Kian , Larsson Jakob C. , Vogt Carmen , Hertz Hans M. , Toprak Muhammet S.
Published: December 2018

Nanoparticles (NPs) have been used as contrast agents for several bioimaging modalities. X-ray fluorescence (XRF) tomography can provide sensitive and quantitative 3D detection of NPs. With spectrally matched NPs as contrast agents, we demonstrated earlier in a laboratory system that XRF tomography could achieve high-spatial-resolution tumor imaging in mice. Here, we present the synthesis, characterization, and evaluation of a library of NPs containing Y, Zr, Nb, Rh, and Ru that have spectrally matched K-shell absorption for the laboratory scale X-ray source. The K-shell emissions of these NPs are spectrally well separated from the X-ray probe and the Compton background, making them suitable for the lab-scale XRF tomography system. Their potential as XRF contrast agents is demonstrated successfully in a small-animal equivalent phantom, confirming the simulation results. The diversity in the NP composition provides a flexible platform for a better design and biological optimization of XRF tomography nanoprobes.
Optimization of Subcritical Water Extraction (SWE) of Lipid and Eicosapentaenoic Acid (EPA) from Nannochloropsis gaditana
Authors: Ho Bernard Chon Han , Kamal Siti Mazlina Mustapa , Danquah Michael K. , Harun Razif
Published: December 2018

Microalgae are a promising source of omega-3. The purpose of this study was to extract lipid with a relatively high content of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) from Nannochloropsis gaditana using subcritical water extraction (SWE). The effects of different temperatures (156.1-273.9°C), extraction times (6.6-23.4 minutes), and biomass loadings (33-117 g algae/L) on the extraction yield were studied. From the optimization study using central composite design (CCD), quadratic models generated for lipid yield and EPA composition were considered to be significant models (p < 0.05). The predictive equations were also formed for lipid yield and EPA composition. The predicted optimum lipid yield and EPA composition at 236.54°C, 13.95 minutes, and 60.50 g algae/L were 18.278 wt% of total biomass and 14.036 wt% of total fatty acid methyl ester (FAME), respectively.
A Large-Cohort, Longitudinal Study Determines Precancer Disease Routes across Different Cancer Types
Authors: Hu Jessica X. , Helleberg Marie , Jensen Anders B. , Brunak Søren , Lundgren Jens
Published: December 2018

Although many diseases are associated with cancer, the full spectrum of temporal disease correlations across cancer types has not yet been characterized. A population-wide study of longitudinal disease trajectories is needed to interrogate the general medical histories of patients with cancer. Here we performed a retrospective study covering a 20-year period, using 6.9 million patients from the Danish National Patient Registry linked to 0.7 million patients with cancer from the Danish Cancer Registry. Statistical analysis identified all significant disease associations occurring prior to cancer diagnoses. These associations were used to build frequently occurring, longitudinal disease trajectories. Across 17 cancer types, a total of 648 significant diagnoses correlated directly with a cancer, while 168 diagnosis trajectories of time-ordered steps were identified for seven cancer types. The most common diseases across cancer types involved cardiovascular, obesity, and genitourinary diseases. A comprehensive, publicly available web tool of interactive illustrations for all cancer disease associations is provided. By exploring the precancer landscape using this large dataset, we identify disease associations that can be used to derive mechanistic hypotheses for future cancer research.

Significance:

This study offers an innovative approach to examine prediagnostic disease and cancer development in a large national population-based setting and provides a publicly available tool to foster additional cancer surveillance research.
Disruption of the Rbm38-eIF4E Complex with a Synthetic Peptide Pep8 Increases p53 Expression
Authors: Lucchesi Christopher A. , Zhang Jin , Ma Buyong , Chen Mingyi , Chen Xinbin
Published: December 2018

Rbm38 is a p53 target and an RNA-binding protein known to suppress p53 translation by preventing eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E (eIF4E) from binding to p53 mRNA. In this study, we show that synthetic peptides corresponding to the binding interface between Rbm38 and eIF4E, including an 8 amino acid peptide (Pep8) derived from Rbm38, are effective in relieving Rbm38-mediated repression of p53. Molecular simulations showed that Ser-6 in Pep8 forms a hydrogen bond with Asp-202 in eIF4E. Substitution of Ser-6 with Lys, but not with Asp, enhanced the ability of Pep8 to inhibit the Rbm38-eIF4E complex. Importantly, Pep8 alone or together with a low dose of doxorubicin potently induced p53 expression and suppressed colony and tumor sphere formation and xenograft tumors in Rbm38- and p53-dependent manners. Together, we conclude that modulating the Rbm38-eIF4E complex may be explored as a therapeutic strategy for cancers that carry wild-type p53.

Significance:

Disruption of the Rbm38-eIF4E complex via synthetic peptides induces wild-type p53 expression, suppresses tumor growth and progression, and may serve as a novel cancer therapeutic strategy.
PAM50 Molecular Intrinsic Subtypes in the Nurses' Health Study Cohorts
Authors: Kensler Kevin H. , Sankar Venkat N. , Wang Jun , Zhang Xuehong , Rubadue Christopher A. , Baker Gabrielle M. , Parker Joel S. , Hoadley Katherine A. , Stancu Andreea L. , Pyle Michael E. , Collins Laura C. , Hunter David J. , Eliassen A. Heather , Hankinson Susan E. , Tamimi Rulla M. , Heng Yujing J.
Published: December 2018

Background:

Modified median and subgroup-specific gene centering are two essential preprocessing methods to assign breast cancer molecular subtypes by PAM50. We evaluated the PAM50 subtypes derived from both methods in a subset of Nurses' Health Study (NHS) and NHSII participants; correlated tumor subtypes by PAM50 with IHC surrogates; and characterized the PAM50 subtype distribution, proliferation scores, and risk of relapse with proliferation and tumor size weighted (ROR-PT) scores in the NHS/NHSII.

Methods:

PAM50 subtypes, proliferation scores, and ROR-PT scores were calculated for 882 invasive breast tumors and 695 histologically normal tumor-adjacent tissues. Cox proportional hazards models evaluated the relationship between PAM50 subtypes or ROR-PT scores/groups with recurrence-free survival (RFS) or distant RFS.

Results:

PAM50 subtypes were highly comparable between the two methods. The agreement between tumor subtypes by PAM50 and IHC surrogates improved to fair when Luminal subtypes were grouped together. Using the modified median method, our study consisted of 46% Luminal A, 18% Luminal B, 14% HER2-enriched, 15% Basal-like, and 8% Normal-like subtypes; 53% of tumor-adjacent tissues were Normal-like. Women with the Basal-like subtype had a higher rate of relapse within 5 years. HER2-enriched subtypes had poorer outcomes prior to 1999.

Conclusions:

Either preprocessing method may be utilized to derive PAM50 subtypes for future studies. The majority of NHS/NHSII tumor and tumor-adjacent tissues were classified as Luminal A and Normal-like, respectively.

Impact:

Preprocessing methods are important for the accurate assignment of PAM50 subtypes. These data provide evidence that either preprocessing method can be used in epidemiologic studies.
AR-Variant–Positive CTC: A Surrogate for a Surrogate for Taxane Therapy Outcome?
Authors: Dehm Scott M. , Montgomery Bruce , Plymate Stephen R.
Published: December 2018

Circulating tumor cells' (CTC) biomarkers may become indicators for selection of therapy. The presence of androgen receptor (AR)-variant–positive CTCs may be markers indicating the need for switching therapy. Methods for AR-variant mRNA isolation from CTCs and confirmation of expression are critical factors needed for these techniques to be clinically applicable.

See related article by Tagawa et al., p. 1880
Intermidialidade
Authors: Diniz Thaïs Flores Nogueira
Published: December 2018

Partindo da conceituação de intermidialidade – termo recente usado para denominar o fenômeno antigo que trata das relações entre textos concebidos em sistemas semióticos distintos –, o ensaio pretende explorar a interrelação entre representações verbais e mídias, iniciando pelas subcategorias da intermidialidade apontadas por Irina Rajewsky – combinação de mídias, transposição (inter)midiática e referência intermidiática – e apresentar, em seguida, alguns problemas inerentes a elas.
Mashups de horror, western e melodrama na série de televisão "The walking dead"
Authors: Cánepa Laura
Published: December 2018

Este trabalho tem o objetivo de discutir o papel da série de televisão The walking dead num processo de popularização e, ao mesmo tempo, de esvaziamento da ameaça do monstro-zumbi – tanto na sua própria diegese quanto fora dela. Para tanto, traz algumas considerações sobre a tradição das histórias de mortos-vivos e também sobre a reciclagem dessa tradição ao longo das oito temporadas já exibidas de The walking dead, nas quais os realizadores vêm explorando as ligações, já presentes na série original de quadrinhos, com outros gêneros narrativos, em particular o western e o melodrama.
Whether Pulmonary Valve Replacement in Asymptomatic Patients With Moderate or Severe Regurgitation After Tetralogy of Fallot Repair Is Appropriate: A Case‐Control Study
Authors: He Fengpu , Feng Zicong , Chen Qiuming , Jiao Yiping , Hua Zhongdong , Zhang Hao , Yang Keming , Pang Kunjing , Lu Minjie , Ma Kai , Zhang Sen , Qi Lei , Wang Guanxi , Li Shoujun
Published: December 2018

Background

Although right ventricular (
RV
) volume was significantly decreased in symptomatic patients with repaired tetralogy of Fallot (
rTOF
) after pulmonary valve replacement (
PVR
),
RV
size was still enlarged along with
RV
dysfunction.

Methods and Results

A prospective case‐control study was conducted in a tertiary hospital; 81 asymptomatic repaired tetralogy of Fallot patients with moderate or severe pulmonary regurgitation were enrolled. The enrolled cohort was divided into 2 groups:
PVR
group (n=41) and medication group (n=40). Cardiac magnetic resonance, transthoracic echocardiography, and electrocardiography were scheduled after recruitment and 6 months after
PVR
or recruitment. Adverse events were recorded during follow‐up. Three deaths, 1 heart transplantation, 3
PVR
s, and 2 symptomatic heart failures in medication group and 1 redo
PVR
in the
PVR
group were observed during follow‐up. Compared with the medication group, the
PVR
group had significantly lower adverse events rate (
P
=0.023; odds ratio, 0.086; 95% CI, 0.010–0.716), and
RV
function was significantly improved (
P
<0.05). Binary logistic regression analysis identified preoperative
RV
end‐systolic volume index (10‐mL/m
2
increment,
P
=0.009; odds ratio, 0.64; 95% CI, 0.457–0.893) was an independent predictor of normalization of
RV
size after
PVR
. A preoperative RV end‐systolic volume index cut‐off value of 120 mL/m
2
(area under curve, 0.819; sensitivity, 90.3%; specificity, 70%) was analyzed by receiver operating characteristic curves for normalized
RV
size after
PVR
.

Conclusions

PVR
in asymptomatic repaired tetralogy of Fallot patients is appropriate and effective in reducing right ventricular size and preserving right ventricular function. The recommended criterion of
RV
end‐systolic volume index for
PVR
is 120 mL/m
2
.
The oldest representative of the extant genus Epyris in the Lowermost Eocene amber of France (Hymenoptera: Bethylidae: Epyrinae)

Authors: FALIÈRES ELSA , NEL ANDRÉ
Published: December 2018

If Bethylidae are rather frequent in the Cretaceous amber, the fossil record of the subfamily Epyrinae is dated from the Eocene Baltic and Rovno amber and Oligocene lacustrine outcrops from France, Germany, UK, and USA (Azevedo et al. 2018). Only one species, Epyris atavellus Cockerell, 1920, is recorded from the mid-Cretaceous Burmese amber, but its exact affinities remain uncertain (see below). The Lowermost Eocene Oise amber has given two Epyrinae, viz. Elektroepyris magnificus Perrichot & Nel, 2008, and Chlorepyris gallicus (Perrichot & Nel, 2008). With the third species we describe herein, they represent the oldest accurate records of this subfamily.
Status and phylogeny of Milyeringidae (Teleostei: Gobiiformes), withhe description of a new blind cave-fish from Australia, Milyeringa brooksi, n. sp.
Authors: CHAKRABARTY PROSANTA
Published: December 2018

A phylogeny of Milyeringidae is reported and a new species, Milyeringa brooksi, is described from Cape Range National Park in the North West Cape (Cape Range Peninsula) of Australia. This species is distinguished on the basis of morphological and molecular characters from its only congener Milyeringa veritas. These diagnostic characters are related to a unique pattern of sensory papillae on the body and synapomorphies in three genes (cytochrome c oxidase I, cytochrome b, and NADH dehydrogenase 2). The new species is known only from the southern portion of the North West Cape spanning roughly 50 kilometers of subterranean habitat. This habitat is exceedingly rare and measures to preserve it and its fauna should be taken.
Zerconella Willmann, 1953, a forgotten group of Zerconidae (Acari: Mesostigmata)
Authors: UJVÁRI ZSOLT
Published: December 2018

A short review of the characters used for generic determination in the family Zerconidae is presented. The subgenus Zercon (Zerconella) Willmann, 1953 is elevated to full generic rank on the basis of the shape of peritreme, peritrematal setae, and epistome, and the presence of post-genital sclerites. The genus Metazercon Błaszak, 1975 is considered to be a subgenus of Zerconella, and Zerconella is divided into the subgenera Zerconella (Zerconella) and Zerconella (Metazercon). The following new combinations are listed: Zerconella (Metazercon) athiasae (Błaszak, 1975) comb. nov., Zerconella (Metazercon) mahunkai (Halašková, 1979) comb. nov., Zerconella (Metazercon) rafalskii (Błaszak, Kaczmarek & Lee, 1997) comb. nov. A new species, Zerconella (Metazercon) lobata sp. nov., is described from alpine broad-leaved forests in Taiwan. Diagnoses, figures and a key to species of Zerconella are provided.
Adult morphology of Paramorganiella adventurosa Tonnoir (Diptera: Mycetophilidae: Sciophilinae), including a description of the unique maxillary palpi
Authors: JASCHHOF MATHIAS , BLANK STEPHAN M. , Kallweit Uwe
Published: December 2018

The adult morphology of male Paramorganiella adventurosa Tonnoir is redescribed on the basis of new material from Tasmania. Details of the male genitalia are described and figured for the first time. The female is described for the first time. Special attention is paid to the clypeus and maxillary palpus, both sexually dimorphic, of which the anatomy is extensively illustrated and discussed with respect to possible function and in the context of palpal modifications found in other Mycetophilidae. Anatomy suggests the palpi of males function as a mechanical tool rather than a probing organ, which is unique among Mycetophilidae and Diptera. Various functional hypotheses are discussed in the context of sexual selection.
The Coccidae (Hemiptera: Coccoidea) of Chile, with descriptions of three new species and transfer of Lecanium resinatum Kieffer & Herbst to the Kerriidae
Authors: KONDO TAKUMASA , GULLAN PENNY J.
Published: December 2018

Three new species of Coccidae: Cryptinglisia chilensis Kondo & Gullan sp. nov., Pulvinaria drimyswinteri Kondo & Gullan sp. nov., and Stictolecanium cranstoni Kondo & Gullan sp. nov., are described and illustrated. An updated species list and a taxonomic key to the 13 coccid species now known to occur in Chile are provided. Pulvinariella mesembryanthemi (Vallot) is newly recorded for Chile. Lecanium resinatum Kieffer & Herbst, currently known as Coccus resinatus (Kieffer & Herbst), is transferred to the family Kerriidae as Tachardiella resinata (Kieffer & Herbst) comb. nov., based on examination of the original German description.
Two new species of Martarega (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Notonectidae) and a new species of Tachygerris (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Gerridae) from Colombia
Authors: PADILLA-GIL DORA N.
Published: December 2018

Two new species of Martarega and a new species of Tachygerris are described from the Tumaco municipality, located on Pacific coast, south-west Colombia. Keys to determine the present species of the genera Martarega and Tachygerris from Colombia are given.
New Neotropical species of Ceraeochrysa Adams (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae)
Authors: SOSA FRANCISCO , DE FREITAS SERGIO
Published: December 2018

Species of Ceraeochrysa Adams are distributed from southeast Canada to Argentina. Larvae feed on aphids, thrips, white flies, mites, and neonatal larvae of Lepidoptera in varied agroecosystems. Seven species are known in Venezuela, viz. Ceraeochrysa achillea Freitas & Penny, C. angulata (Navás), C. bitacornua Freitas & Penny, C. caligata (Banks), C. cubana (Hagen), C. everes (Banks), and C. valida (Banks). In this study, three species are described as new to science, Ceraeochrysa melaenopareia sp. nov., Ceraeochrysa pittieri sp. nov., and Ceraeochrysa torresi sp. nov.
New data on the least known zelotines (Araneae, Gnaphosidae) of Greece and adjacent regions
Authors: CHATZAKI MARIA
Published: December 2018

In this paper six of the least or poorly known zelotine species from Greece belonging to the genera Trachyzelotes (2) and Zelotes (4) are presented. Following the examination of material from several islands in the East Mediterranean Sea, Trachyzelotes stubbsi Platnick & Murphy, 1984 is critically distinguished from T. adriaticus (Caporiacco, 1953). The examination of old material lead to the taxonomic re-evaluation of several poorly known species in the area of Greece and adjacent regions. Based on these studies, three new synonymies are proposed: Z. ilotarum Simon, 1884 as a new synonym of Z. cingarus (O. P.Cambridge, 1874) and Z. balcanicus Deltshev, 2006 and Z. baram Levy, 2009 as new synonyms of Z. argoliensis (C.L. Koch, 1839). Furthermore, a species from Crete closely associated to Z. ilotarum is represented and considered as a new species, Z. helicoides n.sp. Among the species listed above, T. stubbsi is a new record for the Greek territory, while Z. olympi (Kulczyński, 1903) is excluded from the Greek list of spiders based on the present knowledge of its distribution.
New records of two species of the genus Endochus Stål (Hemiptera: Reduviidae: Harpactorinae) from India, with specific and generic redescriptions
Authors: S SIVARAMA KRISHNAN. , AMBROSE DUNSTON P.
Published: December 2018

Two species of Endochus Stål, 1859, E. albomaculatus Stål and E. merula Distant, were recorded for the first time from India. They are redescribed, together with the genus, with additional taxonomic details and illustrations.
Membracidae types (Hemiptera-Membracoidea) housed at the Museo de La Plata entomological collection (Argentina)
Authors: DE REMES LENICOV ANA M. MARINO , MARIANI ROXANA , SCELSIO NATALIA , GUTIERREZ ALEJANDRA
Published: December 2018

Type material of 42 species from 15 genera of Membracidae is housed at the Entomology Division of the Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo of La Plata National University, collected mainly in Argentina (21) but also in Uruguay (8), Bolivia (3), Brazil (10), Ecuador (1) and Venezuela (1). The types listed herein correspond to species described by G. S. de Andrade (3 spp.), C. Berg (12 spp.), F. W. Goding (1 sp.), A. M. Marino de Remes Lenicov (25 spp), and S. H. McKamey (1 sp.). The collection contains 230 type specimens. Comparison of their original descriptions with the label information supports the existence of 20 holotypes, 13 allotypes, 156 paratypes, 5 lectotypes, 15 paralectotypes and 21 syntypes. Lectotype and paralectotypes of Cyphonia ancoralis Berg, Melusina rugifrons Berg, Smiliorhachis proxima Berg are designated, as well as syntypes of Acutalis variabilis Berg, Cyphonia bonaeriensis Berg, Cyphonia colenophora Berg, Darnis amangosi Berg, Darnis (Stictipelta) luisae Berg, Hebetica arechavaletae Goding, Pyranthe acaciae Berg and P. frustatoria Berg. The following information is given for each species: original names of the species, bibliographic references, type category, number of specimens, gender, Museo de La Plata code numbers, and transcription of data from labels (country, province, locality, date of collection, collector’s name, and hosts). Information about subsequent nomenclatural changes with corresponding references, the state of preservation of the specimens in each series and pictures of each Berg species is also provided.
Lebaziella gen.nov. (Insecta: Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Cicadellini): a new sharpshooter genus with descriptions of two new species
Authors: CAVICHIOLI RODNEY RAMIRO
Published: December 2018

The sharpshooter genus Lebaziella is described and placed in the tribe Cicadellini. Two new species of Lebaziella gen.nov. are described and illustrated: the type-species L. renatae sp. nov. (Bahia State, Brazil) and L. viridis sp. nov. (Rio de Janeiro, São Paulo, and Paraná States, Brazil). Species belonging to the new genus can be distinguished from other genera of Cicadellini based on the following characters: (1) pronotum narrower than head with lateral margin parallel; (2) male pygofer without processes; (3) subgenital plate longer than pygofer with many microsetae distributed across its surface; (4) aedeagus with an unpaired apical process, and (5) paraphyses absent.
A new species of Leptolalax (Anura: Megophryidae) from northeastern Cambodia
Authors: ROWLEY JODI J. L. , STUART BRYAN L. , THY NEANG , EMMETT DAVID A.
Published: December 2018

We describe a new species of megophryid frog in the genus Leptolalax from the Kon Tum Plateau in northeastern Cambodia. Leptolalax melicus sp. nov. is distinguished from its congeners by a combination of an off-white to pale pink ventral surface with diffuse dark brown blotches and distinct white speckling, finger I < II, an absence of webbing and dermal fringes on fingers, slight basal webbing and no dermal fringes on toes, body size (19.5–22.7 mm for seven adult males), an absence of ventrolateral glandular lines, dorsum mostly smooth with no skin ridges, and a unique advertisement call consisting of a single long introductory note containing 8–50 pulses, followed by 3–11 predominantly single-pulsed notes, and with an average dominant frequency of 3560–3610 Hz. Leptolalax melicus can be further distinguished from the morphologically similar L. applebyi in having more distinct dorsal patterning, and significantly larger pectoral and femoral glands. Leptolalax melicus and L. applebyi also differ by 6.1% sequence divergence at the 16S mtDNA gene. All specimens of L. melicus were found near rocky streams in evergreen forest between 650–850 m elevation. We suggest the new species should be considered Data Deficient following IUCN’s Red List categories.
The tadpole of Melanophryniscus cambaraensis Braun & Braun, 1979 (Anura: Bufonidae)
Authors: BERNARDO-SILVA JORGE SEBASTIÃO , SANTOS RAQUEL ROCHA DOS , BOTH CAMILA
Published: December 2018

The genus Melanophryniscus comprises 24 species, occurring in northern Argentina, southern Bolivia, southern Brazil, Paraguay, and Uruguay (Frost, 2009). The genus belongs to the family Bufonidae; it is probably monophyletic (Graybeal & Cannatella, 1995), and was considered a sister taxon of all other bufonids by Frost et al. (2006). Melanophryniscus cambaraensis was described in 1979 by Braun and Braun, and belongs to the M. tumifrons group (Cruz & Caramaschi, 2003). The species is endemic to the southeastern Araucaria Forest, southern Brazil, with records from Cambará do Sul (type locality; Braun & Braun, 1979), and neighbor areas in the municipality of São Francisco de Paula (Kwet & Di-Bernardo, 1999). The tadpole of M. cambaraensis is undescribed so far. Herein, we describe its external morphology, and compare it briefly with the tadpole of M. orejasmirandai Prigioni and Langone, the only previously described tadpole in the Melanophryniscus tumifrons group.
Yosiityphlus Sawada, 1971, a new synonym of Thinobius Kiesenwetter, 1844 (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae)
Authors: GUSAROV VLADIMIR I. , MAKRANCZY GYÖRGY
Published: December 2018

Based on the analysis of the original description, Yosiityphlus kuroshio Sawada, 1971, initially described as a member of Leptotyphlinae, is transferred to the genus Thinobius Kiesenwetter, 1844, subfamily Oxytelinae. The generic name Yosiityphlus Sawada, 1971 is placed in synonymy with the name Thinobius.
Nomenclatural emendations (Cirripedia, Pedunculata) involving the family-group names Priscansermarinidae Newman, 1996, Neolepadinae Newman, 1996 & Zeugmatolepadidae Newman, 1996
Authors: NEWMAN WILLIAM A.
Published: December 2018

The family-group names Priscansermarinidae Newman, 1996, Zeugmatolepadidae Newman, 1996, and Neolepadinae Newman, 1996 were not accompanied by a description or definition when proposed, whereby, in light of Article 13.1.1 (International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature 1999), they are nomen nudum (Grygier in lit.). It is the purpose of this note to rectify this situation. To my knowledge the first two family-group names have not appeared in print since 1996 and therefore they are proposed anew herein, as Priscansermarinidae fam. nov. and Zeugmatolepadidae fam. nov. The third family-group, the subfamily Neolepadinae Newman, 1996, has since been recognized and variously defined by subsequent authors, including Buckeridge (2000) and Southward & Jones (2004), but since neither declare it a new taxon, in light of Article 16.1 it cannot be attributed to them. On the other hand, Yamaguchi et al. (2004) divided the included genera between two new family-groups, the tribes Neolepadini and Ashinkailepadini Yamaguchi, Newman & Hashimoto, 2004. Therefore, in accordance with Art. 36.1 (the Principle of Coordination), the Neolepadinae Yamaguchi, Newman & Hashimoto, 2004, as defined by Yamaguchi et al. (2004:111), is proposed, nom. trans., herein.
The South American genus Nigranitida Metz (Diptera: Therevidae: Therevinae) with the description of three new species
Authors: WEBB DONALD W. , METZ MARK A.
Published: December 2018

The genus Nigranitida Metz is revised with the description of three new species, N. gibba Webb, N. irwini Webb, and N. margaretae Webb from Argentina. A key to the identification of the four species is included along with illustrations of the genitalia.
Description of immature stages of three species of American Cetoniinae (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Cetoniinae)
Authors: OROZCO JESUS , PARDO-LOCARNO LUIS CARLOS
Published: December 2018

The larvae and pupae of three Cetoniinae scarab beetles, Gymnetis pantherina Blanchard, 1837; Gymnetis holosericea (Voet, 1779), and Euphoria precaria Janson, 1881 from Colombia are described. Multiple color patterns of adults and key larval characters are illustrated for each species for the first time. The described larvae of Gymnetis MacLeay are included in a key to the larvae of the genus, now with five species; and Euphoria precaria is added to the extant key of the known Euphoria larvae. New distributional records for the country are presented and some comments on the biology of the species in captivity are provided.Se describe la larva y la pupa de tres escarabajos cetoninos: Gymnetis pantherina Blanchard, 1837; Gymnetis holosericea (Voet, 1779), y Euphoria precaria Janson, 1881 de Colombia. Los caracteres larvales estudiados y las multiples formas de coloraci n de los adultos de las especies tratadas son ilustrados por primera vez. Una clave para las larvas de las especies de Gymnetis descritas al momento es elaborada y la clave existente para las larvas de Euphoria es actualizada con la nueva informaci n. El rango distribucional de las especies en Colombia es ampliado con nuevos registros y se presenta informaci n sobre la biolog a de las especies en cautiverio.
Molecular phylogenetics of Chaetodon and the Chaetodontidae (Teleostei: Perciformes) with reference to morphology
Authors: LITTLEWOOD D. TIMOTHY J. , MCDONALD SARAH M. , GILL ANTHONY C. , CRIBB THOMAS H.
Published: December 2018

Butterflyfish are colourful, pan-tropical coastal fish that are important and distinctive members of coral reef communities. A successful systematic scheme and a robust phylogeny is considered essential in understanding further their biogeography and ecology, although recent cladistic treatments of butterflyfish phylogeny, based on soft tissue and bone morphology and coded at the generic and subgeneric levels, differ in character coding and subsequently tree topology. This study provides an independent test of the morphologically based hypotheses, using molecular systematic data from two partial mitochondrial gene fragments, cytochrome b (cytb) and small subunit rRNA (rrnS), for 52 ingroup chaetodontids and seven pomacanthids used to root the molecular trees. Individual gene trees were largely compatible and a combined molecular phylogeny, inferred from Bayesian analysis, was used to test alternative hypotheses suggested by morphological analyses. The tree was also used to map the latest morphological matrix in order to evaluate potential synapomorphies for various nodes defining butterflyfish interrelationships. A clade comprised of Chelmon and Coradion was sister group to other chaetodontids. Heniochus and Hemitaurichthys were each resolved as monophyletic groups, and as sister taxa Of the taxa sampled, Prognothodes was resolved as the sister genus to Chaeotodon. Of the ten Chaetodon subgenera sampled, all were monophyletic but their interrelationships differed significantly from that inferred from morphological characters. Lepidochaetodon was the most basal subgenus followed by Exornator and the remaining subgenera. Molecular data support the sister group relationship between Corallochaetodon and Citharoedus suggested by morphology, but major differences occur among the remaining more derived taxa. Chaetodon trifascialis and C. oligacanthus were resolved as sister taxa adding weight to the inclusion of the latter in C. Megaprotodon. Of those pairs of taxa known to hybridize and sampled with molecular data, all were closely related phylogenetically, except those hybrids known to occur in the Rabdophorus subgenus. Two base changes separated C. pelewensis from C.
On the identity of flying-foxes, genus Pteropus (Mammalia: Chiroptera), from islands in the Torres Strait, Australia
Authors: HELGEN KRISTOFER M.
Published: December 2018

Five flying-fox species (Pteropus scapulatus, P. alecto, P. conspicillatus, P. macrotis, and P. banakrisi) have been reported from islands in the Torres Strait, situated between northern Australia and southern Papua New Guinea. However, vouchered specimens demonstrate that Torres Strait records of the Large-eared flying-fox (Pteropus macrotis) actually reflect misidentifications of the Little Red flying-fox (P. scapulatus), and that the type series of Pteropus banakrisi Richards & Hall, 2002 (a newly-described species supposedly endemic to Moa Island) consists only of subadult individuals of the Black flying-fox (P. alecto). Only three flying-fox species are therefore known from the strait. These re-identifications underscore the importance of voucher specimens in biological investigations and have important implications for bat conservation in Australia. Pteropus macrotis is removed from the list of mammal species known from Australia, and banakrisi is placed in the synonymy of P. alecto.
Measuring Area-Averaged Vertical Motions with Dropsondes
Authors: Bony Sandrine , Stevens Bjorn
Published: December 2018

Measurements of vertical profiles of areal-mean mass divergence, vorticity, and vertical velocity, based on dropsondes distributed over an area of 25 000 km2, are presented. The dropsondes were released with high frequency along circular flight patterns during an airborne field campaign taking place over the tropical Atlantic near Barbados. Vertical profiles of the area-averaged mass divergence and vorticity were computed from the horizontal wind profiles, and the area-averaged vertical velocity was then inferred from the divergence. The consistency of measurements over pairs of circles flown within the same air mass demonstrated the reproducibility of the measurements, and showed that they characterize the environmental conditions on the scale of the measurement, rather than being dominated by measurement error or small-scale wind variability. The estimates from dropsondes were found to be consistent with the observed cloud field, with Lagrangian estimates of the mean vertical velocity inferred from the free-tropospheric humidity field, and with the mean vertical velocity derived from simulations using an atmospheric model representing kilometer-scale motions and initialized with meteorological analyses. In trade wind–like conditions, the divergence and vorticity profiles exhibit a rich vertical structure and a significant variability in space and time. Yet a few features appear to be robust, such as the presence of layers of mass convergence at the top of moist layers, extrema of the area-averaged vertical velocity at the top of the subcloud layer and in the midtroposphere, and minima around the trade inversion near 2 km. The analysis of spatial and temporal autocorrelation scales suggests that the divergent mass field measured from dropsondes is representative of the environment of shallow clouds.
The Role of Buoy and Argo Observations in Two SST Analyses in the Global and Tropical Pacific Oceans
Authors: Huang Boyin , Liu Chunying , Ren Guoyu , Zhang Huai-Min , Zhang Lei
Published: December 2018

The relative roles of buoy and Argo observations in two sea surface temperature (SST) analyses are studied in the global ocean and tropical Pacific Ocean over 2000–16 using monthly Extended Reconstructed SST version 5 (ERSSTv5) and Daily Optimum Interpolation SST version 2 (DOISST). Experiments show an overall higher impact by buoys than Argo floats over the global oceans and an increasing impact by Argo floats. The impact by Argo floats is generally larger in the Southern Hemisphere than in the Northern Hemisphere. The impact on trends and anomalies of globally averaged SST by either one is small when the other is used. The warming trend over 2000–16 remains significant by including either buoys or Argo floats or both. In the tropical Pacific, the impact by buoys was large over 2000–05 when the number of Argo floats was low, and became smaller over 2010–16 when the number and area coverage of Argo floats increased. The magnitude of El Niño and La Niña events decreases when the observations from buoys, Argo floats, or both are excluded. The impact by the Tropical Atmosphere Ocean (TAO) and Triangle Trans-Ocean Buoy Network (TRITON) is small in normal years and during El Niño events. The impact by TAO/TRITON buoys on La Niña events is small when Argo floats are included in the analysis systems, and large when Argo floats are not included. The reason for the different impact on El Niño and La Niña events is that the drifting buoys are more dispersed from the equatorial Pacific region by stronger trade winds during La Niña events.
Recent Tropical Expansion: Natural Variability or Forced Response?
Authors: Grise Kevin M. , Davis Sean M. , Simpson Isla R. , Waugh Darryn W. , Fu Qiang , Allen Robert J. , Rosenlof Karen H. , Ummenhofer Caroline C. , Karnauskas Kristopher B. , Maycock Amanda C. , Quan Xiao-Wei , Birner Thomas , Staten Paul W.
Published: December 2018

Previous studies have documented a poleward shift in the subsiding branches of Earth’s Hadley circulation since 1979 but have disagreed on the causes of these observed changes and the ability of global climate models to capture them. This synthesis paper reexamines a number of contradictory claims in the past literature and finds that the tropical expansion indicated by modern reanalyses is within the bounds of models’ historical simulations for the period 1979–2005. Earlier conclusions that models were underestimating the observed trends relied on defining the Hadley circulation using the mass streamfunction from older reanalyses. The recent observed tropical expansion has similar magnitudes in the annual mean in the Northern Hemisphere (NH) and Southern Hemisphere (SH), but models suggest that the factors driving the expansion differ between the hemispheres. In the SH, increasing greenhouse gases (GHGs) and stratospheric ozone depletion contributed to tropical expansion over the late twentieth century, and if GHGs continue increasing, the SH tropical edge is projected to shift further poleward over the twenty-first century, even as stratospheric ozone concentrations recover. In the NH, the contribution of GHGs to tropical expansion is much smaller and will remain difficult to detect in a background of large natural variability, even by the end of the twenty-first century. To explain similar recent tropical expansion rates in the two hemispheres, natural variability must be taken into account. Recent coupled atmosphere–ocean variability, including the Pacific decadal oscillation, has contributed to tropical expansion. However, in models forced with observed sea surface temperatures, tropical expansion rates still vary widely because of internal atmospheric variability.
An elucidating proof that a matched filter is optimum
Authors: Bazdresch Miguel
Published: December 2018

A matched filter is an essential element in digital communications receivers. It is known that it is optimal, in the sense of producing sufficient statistics of maximum signal-to-noise ratio; a proof is presented in many undergraduate textbooks. Recent research in mathematics education suggests that the purpose of a proof is not merely to convince students that a theorem is true by pure logic; rather, a proof should be explanatory, with semantic content that elucidates the relationship between the concepts involved. In this paper, a time-domain proof that the matched filter is optimal is presented, and it is argued that it has larger explanatory value than alternative proofs.
Complicity and Rape
Authors: Cowley Christopher
Published: December 2018

The case of R v Clarkson (1971) concerns the complicity of three non-participating observers to a vicious gang rape. The observers were charged with ‘encouraging’ the rape, but this was rejected by the Court of Appeal on the ground that two of them had been ‘mere’ observers, and there was no evidence that they had encouraged the perpetrators by word or gesture. This case is regularly cited to this day, without critical comment, as a limit on complicity under English common law. In this article, I want to challenge the Court of Appeal’s judgment and argue that the two observers should have been found complicit. My argument is based on the special nature of rape, and the capacity for a male observer to compound the female victim’s humiliation by their mere presence. My argument is even more justified in the case of Clarkson, I argue, because it took place on a British army base abroad.
Lost in a Universe of Markets: Toward a Theory of Market Scoping for Early-Stage Technologies
Authors: Molner Sven , Prabhu Jaideep C. , Yadav Manjit S.
Published: December 2018

This article examines market scoping for early-stage technologies, a fundamental yet underexplored marketing activity. Market scoping refers to managerial activities directed at the identification of market spaces for early-stage technologies. This discovery-oriented research aimed at theory development draws on an extensive, multiyear database of email trails and archival records detailing market-scoping efforts for early-stage technologies emerging from a global research university. From this longitudinal database, the authors provide an in-depth examination of managers’ market space decisions and advance an initial theory of market scoping. They isolate managers’ market-scoping mindset—which manifests as market ambiguity avoidance or acceptance—as a key explanatory construct shaping market space decisions and outcomes. Market ambiguity avoidance results in managers’ downstream orientation toward end users; this mindset, counterintuitively, may lead to technology commercialization failure. In contrast, market ambiguity acceptance results in managers’ upstream orientation; this mindset directs attention away from end users but helps uncover indirect paths to viable market spaces. This article lays the groundwork for advancing marketing research in the context of early-stage technology commercialization.
The Malleable Self: The Role of Self-Expression in Persuasion
Authors: Aaker Jennifer L.
Published: December 2018

Considerable research in consumer experimental psychology has examined the self-expressive role of brands but has found little support for the premise that the interaction of the personality traits associated with a brand and those associated with an individual's self-concept influence attitudes. The current research focuses on the influence of the malleable self-concept on consumer attitudes toward a brand, based on the its personality associations. The results of two experiments demonstrate that traits that are made accessible by salient situational cues and those that are chronically accessible (schematic traits) positively influence consumer attitudes toward a brand based on its personality associations. More important, these effects are tested in a set of theory-based interactions that rely on the self-monitoring individual difference variable. Self congruity is enhanced for low versus high self-monitoring subjects, whereas situation congruity is enhanced for high versus low self-monitoring subjects. Together, these experiments shed light on the self-expressive use of brands and the role of the malleable self-concept in influencing consumer attitudes.
Understanding how Product Attributes Influence Product Categorization: Development and Validation of Fuzzy Set-Based Measures of Gradedness in Product Categories
Authors: Viswanathan Madhubalan , Childers Terry L.
Published: December 2018

Products vary in the degree to which they are members of product categories. Understanding how product attributes influence product categorization is important for marketing decisions about product development, brand extension, and product positioning. Existing attribute-level measures of product attitude emphasize evaluation rather than categorization. Measures of category membership either are at the overall product level or emphasize feature-based attributes, whereas product attributes are often continuous in nature. A comprehensive approach for conceptualizing product categorization is provided by fuzzy set theory, with its basic postulate that no clear boundaries exist between members and nonmembers of a fuzzy set. The authors conceptualize product categories as fuzzy sets in which products have degrees of membership along specific attributes, argued to arise as a result of the degree to which a product possesses an attribute. Two fuzzy set-based measures of category membership are developed that assess gradedness of category membership at the attribute level, which is then combined across attributes to reach overall measures of gradedness for a product. The results of a study demonstrate the validity of these measures and illustrate important attribute-level analyses that are not possible with existing approaches.
A Note on Ramaswamy, Chatterjee, and Cohen's Latent Joint Segmentation Models
Authors: Walker Stephen , Damien Paul
Published: December 2018

In this note, the authors show that the latent segmentation model developed by Ramaswamy, Chatterjee, and Cohen (1996) is nonidentifiable, and therefore, the parameters of interest are nonestimable.
The Dark Side of Long-Term Relationships in Marketing Services
Authors: Grayson Kent , Ambler Tim
Published: December 2018

In their study of marketing services relationships, Moorman, Zaltman, and Deshpandé (1992) are unable to support a hypothesized link between relational factors (such as clients’ trust in their service providers) and clients’ use of marketing services. This finding runs counter to relationship marketing theory. To explain their result, Moorman, Zaltman, and Deshpandé (1992) suggest that, as a relationship becomes more long-term, it becomes prone to negative influences that dampen the positive impact of relational factors. This study replicates and extends Moorman, Zaltman, and Deshpandé's (1992) work by examining relationships between advertising agencies and their clients. The results replicate findings on seven of ten hypotheses proposed in the original article. The authors also extend the original study by supporting the general hypothesis that long-term relationships have a negative impact on service use, which dampens the impact of trust. The results shed light on the mediating role that certain “dark side” constructs play in marketing services relationships.
Refugees, forced migration, and conflict: Introduction to the special issue
Authors: Braithwaite Alex , Salehyan Idean , Savun Burcu
Published: December 2018

Few issues in international politics have dominated public debates, both in domestic and international arenas, as much as refugee movements across borders in recent years. By the end of 2017, more than 68.5 million people – one in approximately every 110 people on the planet – had been displaced from their homes, either as internally displaced persons (IDPs) or as refugees, due to violent conflict, persecution, famine, or natural disasters. This article introduces a special issue on refugees, forced migration, and conflict. It describes the evolution of the international refugee regime and identifies theoretical and methodological advances in the relevant literature. It concludes with a discussion of the individual contributions to the issue, which seek to address gaps in the literature with respect to explaining motivations for refugee departures, understanding the relationship between refugee populations and political instability in host countries, and tracking public attitudes towards hosting refugee populations.