bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Endoscopic endonasal versus transcranial surgery for primary resection of craniopharyngiomas based on a new QST classification system: a comparative series of 315 patients
Authors: Fan Jun , Liu Yi , Pan Jun , Peng Yuping , Peng Junxiang , Bao Yun , Nie Jing , Wang Chaohu , Qiu Binghui , Qi Songtao
Published: March 2021

OBJECTIVE

An assessment of the transcranial approach (TCA) and the endoscopic endonasal approach (EEA) for craniopharyngiomas (CPs) according to tumor types has not been reported. The aim of this study was to evaluate both surgical approaches for different types of CPs.

METHODS

A retrospective review of primary resected CPs was performed. A QST classification system based on tumor origin was used to classify tumors into 3 types as follows: infrasellar/subdiaphragmatic CPs (Q-CPs), subarachnoidal CPs (S-CPs), and pars tuberalis CPs (T-CPs). Within each tumor type, patients were further arranged into two groups: those treated via the TCA and those treated via the EEA. Patient and tumor characteristics, surgical outcomes, and postoperative complications were obtained. All variables were statistically analyzed between surgical groups for each tumor type.

RESULTS

A total of 315 patients were included in this series, of whom 87 were identified with Q-CPs (49 treated via TCA and 38 via EEA); 56 with S-CPs (36 treated via TCA and 20 via EEA); and 172 with T-CPs (105 treated via TCA and 67 via EEA). Patient and tumor characteristics were equivalent between both surgical groups in each tumor type. The overall gross-total resection rate (90.5% TCA vs 91.2% EEA, p = 0.85) and recurrence rate (8.9% TCA vs 6.4% EEA, p = 0.35) were similar between surgical groups. The EEA group had a greater chance of visual improvement (61.6% vs 35.8%, p = 0.01) and a decreased risk of visual deterioration (1.6% vs 11.0%, p < 0.001). Of the patients with T-CPs, postoperative hypothalamic status was better in the TCA group than in the EEA group (p = 0.016). Postoperative CSF leaks and nasal complication rates occurred more frequently in the EEA group (12.0% vs 0.5%, and 9.6% vs 0.5%; both p < 0.001). For Q-CPs, EEA was associated with an increased gross-total resection rate (97.4% vs 85.7%, p = 0.017), decreased recurrence rate (2.6% vs 12.2%, p = 0.001), and lower new hypopituitarism rate (28.9% vs 57.1%, p = 0.008). The recurrence-free survival in patients with Q-CPs was also significantly different between surgical groups (log-rank test, p = 0.037). The EEA required longer surgical time for T-CPs (p = 0.01).

CONCLUSIONS

CPs could be effectively treated by radical surgery with favorable results. Both TCA and EEA have their advantages and limitations when used to manage different types of tumors. Individualized surgical strategies based on tumor growth patterns are mandatory to achieve optimal outcomes.
A propensity-adjusted comparison of middle meningeal artery embolization versus conventional therapy for chronic subdural hematomas
Authors: Catapano Joshua S. , Ducruet Andrew F. , Nguyen Candice L. , Cole Tyler S. , Baranoski Jacob F. , Majmundar Neil , Wilkinson D. Andrew , Fredrickson Vance L. , Cavalcanti Daniel D. , Lawton Michael T. , Albuquerque Felipe C.
Published: March 2021

OBJECTIVE

Middle meningeal artery (MMA) embolization is a promising treatment strategy for chronic subdural hematomas (cSDHs). However, studies comparing MMA embolization and conventional therapy (surgical intervention and conservative management) are limited. The authors aimed to compare MMA embolization versus conventional therapy for cSDHs using a propensity-adjusted analysis.

METHODS

A retrospective study of all patients with cSDH who presented to a large tertiary center over a 2-year period was performed. MMA embolization was compared with surgical intervention and conservative management. Neurological outcome was assessed using the modified Rankin Scale (mRS). A propensity-adjusted analysis compared MMA embolization versus surgery and conservative management for all individual cSDHs. Primary outcomes included change in hematoma diameter, treatment failure, and complete resolution at last follow-up.

RESULTS

A total of 231 patients with cSDH met the inclusion criteria. Of these, 35 (15%) were treated using MMA embolization, and 196 (85%) were treated with conventional treatment. On the latest follow-up, there were no statistically significant differences between groups in the percentage of patients with worsening mRS scores. Of the 323 total cSDHs found in 231 patients, 41 (13%) were treated with MMA embolization, 159 (49%) were treated conservatively, and 123 (38%) were treated with surgical evacuation. After propensity adjustment, both surgery (OR 12, 95% CI 1.5–90; p = 0.02) and conservative therapy (OR 13, 95% CI 1.7–99; p = 0.01) were predictors of treatment failure and incomplete resolution on follow-up imaging (OR 6.1, 95% CI 2.8–13; p < 0.001 and OR 5.4, 95% CI 2.5–12; p < 0.001, respectively) when compared with MMA embolization. Additionally, MMA embolization was associated with a significant decrease in cSDH diameter on follow-up relative to conservative management (mean −8.3 mm, 95% CI −10.4 to −6.3 mm, p < 0.001).

CONCLUSIONS

This propensity-adjusted analysis suggests that MMA embolization for cSDH is associated with a greater extent of hematoma volume reduction with fewer treatment failures than conventional therapy.
Endoscope-assisted microsurgical repair in trigeminal meningocele: case report
Authors: Yasuda Takaya , Kurosaki Yoshitaka , Ishibashi Ryota , Takada Kensuke , Chin Masaki
Published: March 2021

Trigeminal meningocele is a rare disease that results in rhinorrhea. Treatments with endoscopic approaches and open craniotomies have high recurrence rates, and controversy regarding the most effective surgical strategy for trigeminal meningocele is ongoing.

The authors report a case of a 13-year-old female patient with a diagnosis of trigeminal meningocele determined after she presented with a history of intermittent headaches, suspected rhinorrhea, and recurrent meningitis. In addition to the conventional method of covering the efflux point of CSF and filling the inside of the meningocele with fascial tissues, the authors selectively closed the influx point of CSF from the prepontine cistern to the meningocele using an anterior transpetrosal approach. On the basis of the preoperative images, the authors hypothesized that the influx point of CSF could not be observed under the microscopic direct view and instead used a flexible endoscope. A check valve–like structure with one-way communication of CSF from the prepontine cistern into the cystic cavity was identified and was closed.

At the time of this report, 36 months postoperatively, the patient had no indications of recurrence. Although cases of trigeminal meningoceles are infrequently encountered and require a tailored approach, the results in this case thus far indicate that the use of an endoscope and open craniotomy is an effective strategy for surgical treatment.
Postoperative facial palsy after pediatric posterior fossa tumor resection
Authors: Chu Jason K. , Chiarelli Peter A. , Rea Nolan D. , Pimentel Norianne , Flyer Benjamin E. , McComb J. Gordon , Durham Susan R. , Krieger Mark D.
Published: March 2021

OBJECTIVE

Facial palsy can be caused by masses within the posterior fossa and is a known risk of surgery for tumor resection. Although well documented in the adult literature, postoperative facial weakness after posterior fossa tumor resection in pediatric patients has not been well studied. The objective of this work was to determine the incidence of postoperative facial palsy after tumor surgery, and to investigate clinical and radiographic risk factors.

METHODS

A retrospective analysis was conducted at a single large pediatric hospital. Clinical, radiographic, and histological data were examined in children who were surgically treated for posterior fossa tumors between May 1, 1994, and June 1, 2011. The incidence of postoperative facial weakness was documented. A multivariate logistic regression model was used to analyze the predictive ability of clinicoradiological variables for facial weakness.

RESULTS

A total of 163 patients were included in this study. The average age at surgery was 7.4 ± 4.7 years, and tumor pathologies included astrocytoma (44%), medulloblastoma (36%), and ependymoma (20%). The lesions of 27 patients (17%) were considered high grade in nature. Thirteen patients (8%) exhibited preoperative symptoms of facial palsy. The overall incidence of postoperative facial palsy was 26% (43 patients), and the incidence of new postoperative facial palsy in patients without preoperative facial weakness was 20% (30 patients). The presence of a preoperative facial palsy had a large and significant effect in univariate analysis (OR 11.82, 95% CI 3.07–45.44, p < 0.01). Multivariate logistic regression identified recurrent operation (OR 4.45, 95% CI 1.49–13.30, p = 0.01) and other preoperative cranial nerve palsy (CNP; OR 3.01, 95% CI 1.24–7.29, p = 0.02) as significant risk factors for postoperative facial weakness.

CONCLUSIONS

Facial palsy is a risk during surgical resection of posterior fossa brain tumors in the pediatric population. The study results suggest that the incidence of new postoperative facial palsy can be as high as 20%. The presence of preoperative facial palsy, an operation for recurrent tumor, and the presence of other preoperative CNPs were found to be significant risk factors for postoperative facial weakness.
Алгоритмы моделирования формирования и обработки информации в рентгеновской томографии пеноматериалов
Authors: Осипов С.П. , Прищепа И.А. , Чахлов С.В. , Осипов О.С. , Усачёв Е.Ю.
Published: March 2021

Algorithms for modeling the spatial structure of foam materials for the formation of projections in X-ray computed tomography and subsequent reconstruction of the internal structure of the samples are proposed. Algorithms are the basis of numerical models of the analyzed systems as applied to foam control. To demonstrate the capabilities of the developed algorithms, synograms and results of reconstruction of the internal structure of foam materials samples with variation of their parameters were obtained.
International Environmental Law-Making
Authors: Desai Bharat H.
Published: March 2021

The article seeks to make a modest effort in making sense of the international environmental law-making process. It comprises the subtle normative process currently at work, including ‘global conferencing’ technique resorted to by the UN General Assembly, how it draws upon the basic legal underpinnings of international law, the unique treaty-making enterprise at work, and what this enormous legal churning process portends for the protection of the global environment at this critical time of perplexity in the Anthropocene epoch. It calls for taking serious cognizance of mass destruction of plant and animal species, heavy pollution of fresh water resources, choking of the oceans with plastic and other litter, and alteration of the atmosphere, among other lasting impacts that imperil our only abode Earth. International environmental law-making process is ad hoc and piecemeal and is generally understood to be the product of a lack of a single, central specialized institution having expertise on the subject, scientific uncertainty on many environmental issues, and the hard-headed economic interests of sovereign states. Still, the international environmental law-making process with its inherent resilience could possibly be able to adapt to the vagaries of scientific assessments and the political realities of in the future.
A New Environmental Charter for the Future
Authors: Aguila Yann , Chami Lionel
Published: March 2021

The environmental crisis compels humanity to redefine its relationship with nature. This calls for the principles that would guide the new pathway to be outlined and enshrined into a global treaty. An environmental charter for the future would serve the purpose of a social contract and define the norms which would allow humanity to coexist with its natural environment. In this context, this article argues that faith in the international system could be restored by a global agreement on the basic principles which are to guide the new system for international environmental governance. It will thus first focus on (i) exposing the merits of principles in a legal system, (ii) tackling the purely technical vision that weakens both the creation and implementation of international environmental law and (iii) finally, it will make the case for a global environmental charter that would enshrine fundamental principles and rejuvenate the values that founded the international system.
Reasoning on the Efficiency of Distributed Complex Event Processing
Authors: Akili Samira , Weidlich Matthias
Published: March 2021

Complex event processing (CEP) evaluates queries over streams of event data to detect situations of interest. If the event data are produced by geographically distributed sources, CEP may exploit in-network processing that distributes the evaluation of a query among the nodes of a network. To this end, a query is modularized and individual query operators are assigned to nodes, especially those that act as data sources. Existing solutions for such operator placement, however, are limited in that they assume all query results to be gathered at one designated node, commonly referred to as a sink. Hence, existing techniques postulate a hierarchical structure of the network that generates and processes the event data. This largely neglects the optimisation potential that stems from truly decentralised query evaluation with potentially many sinks. To address this gap, in this paper, we propose Multi-Sink Evaluation (MuSE) graphs as a formal computational model to evaluate common CEP queries in a decentralised manner. We further prove the completeness of query evaluation under this model. Striving for distributed CEP that can scale to large volumes of high-frequency event streams, we show how to reason on the network costs induced by distributed query evaluation and prune inefficient query execution plans. As such, our work lays the foundation for distributed CEP that is both, sound and efficient.
Quantitative Verification of Stochastic Regular Expressions
Authors: Getir Yaman Sinem , Pavese Esteban , Grunske Lars
Published: March 2021

In this article, we introduce a probabilistic verification algorithm for stochastic regular expressions over a probabilistic extension of the Action based Computation Tree Logic (ACTL*). The main results include a novel model checking algorithm and a semantics on the probabilistic action logic for stochastic regular expressions (SREs). Specific to our model checking algorithm is that SREs are defined via local probabilistic functions. Such functions are beneficial since they enable to verify properties locally for sub-components. This ability provides a flexibility to reuse the local results for the global verification of the system; hence, the framework can be used for iterative verification. We demonstrate how to model a system with an SRE and how to verify it with the probabilistic action based logic and present a preliminary performance evaluation with respect to the execution time of the reachability algorithm.
Encoding Threshold Boolean Networks into Reaction Systems for the Analysis of Gene Regulatory Networks
Authors: Barbuti Roberto , Bove Pasquale , Gori Roberta , Gruska Damas , Levi Francesca , Milazzo Paolo
Published: March 2021

Gene regulatory networks represent the interactions among genes regulating the activation of specific cell functionalities and they have been successfully modeled using threshold Boolean networks. In this paper we propose a systematic translation of threshold Boolean networks into reaction systems. Our translation produces a non redundant set of rules with a minimal number of objects. This translation allows us to simulate the behavior of a Boolean network simply by executing the (closed) reaction system we obtain. This can be very useful for investigating the role of different genes simply by “playing” with the rules. We developed a tool able to systematically translate a threshold Boolean network into a reaction system. We use our tool to translate two well known Boolean networks modelling biological systems: the yeast-cell cycle and the SOS response in Escherichia coli. The resulting reaction systems can be used for investigating dynamic causalities among genes.
Eating Disorders in Frontotemporal Dementia and Alzheimer’s Disease: Evaluation of Brain Perfusion Correlates Using 99mTc-HMPAO SPECT with Brodmann Areas Analysis
Authors: Valotassiou Varvara , Sifakis Nikolaos , Tzavara Chara , Lykou Evi , Tsinia Niki , Kamtsadeli Vasiliki , Sali Dimitra , Angelidis George , Psimadas Dimitrios , Tsougos Ioannis , Papageorgiou Sokratis G. , Georgoulias Panagiotis , Papatriantafyllou John
Published: March 2021

Background: Eating disorders (ED) in dementia represent a significant impairment affecting patients’ and caregivers’ lives. In frontotemporal dementia (FTD), ED include overeating, sweet food preference, stereotypical eating, and hyperorality, while in Alzheimer’s disease (AD), anorexia and appetite loss are the most common ED. Objective: The aim of our study was to highlight Brodmann areas (BAs) implicated specifically in the appearance of ED in FTD and AD. Methods: We studied 141 patients, 75 with FTD and 66 with AD. We used the NeuroGamTM software on the reconstructed single photon emission computed tomography-SPECT data for the automated comparison of BAs perfusion on the left (L) and right (R) hemisphere with perfusion in corresponding BAs of a normal database. Results: The FTD group included 27 men and 48 women, age (mean±SD) 65.8±8.5 years, duration of disease 3.4±3.3 years, Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) 17.9±8.6, ED score on Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI) 4.7±8.5. ED in FTD were correlated with hypoperfusion in right anterior and dorsolateral prefrontal cortices (BAs 10R, 46R), left orbitofrontal cortex (BA 12L), orbital part of the right inferior frontal gyrus (BA 47R), and left parahippocampal gyrus (BA 36L). The AD group included 21 men and 45 women, age (mean±SD) 70.2±8.0 years, duration of disease 3.3±2.4 years, MMSE 20.2±6, ED-NPI score 2.7±3.9. ED in AD were correlated with hypoperfusion in left inferior temporal cortex (BA 20L). Conclusion: SPECT imaging with automated mapping of brain cortex could contribute to the understanding of the neural networks involved in the manifestation of ED in dementia.
Is Weight Loss More Severe in Older People with Dementia?
Authors: Tjahyo Alvin Surya , Gandy Joan , Porter Judi , Henry Christiani Jeyakumar
Published: March 2021

Weight loss, a hallmark feature of dementia, is associated with higher mortality in older people. However, there is a lack of consensus in the literature as to whether the weight loss commonly observed in older people with dementia results from reduced energy intake and/or increased energy expenditure. Understanding the cause of energy imbalance in older people with dementia would allow more targeted interventions to avoid detrimental health effects in this vulnerable group. In this paper, we review studies that have considered weight change, energy intake, and energy expenditure in older people with and without dementia. We critically assess the studies’ methodology and outline the various factors which may decrease and increase energy intake and expenditure respectively in older people with and without dementia. Current available literature does not support the view that there is a lower energy intake and/or a higher energy expenditure in older people with dementia when compared to those without dementia. The need for more high-quality studies is also highlighted in order to shed more light towards this issue which continues to elude researchers and clinicians alike.
Characteristics of Parkinson’s Disease in Patients with and without Cognitive Impairment
Authors: Chandler Julie M. , Nair Radhika , Biglan Kevin , Ferries Erin A. , Munsie Leanne M. , Changamire Tich , Patel Nick
Published: March 2021

Background: Characterizing patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD) and cognitive impairment is important toward understanding their natural history. Objective: Understand clinical, treatment, and cost characteristics of patients with PD pre- and post-cognitive impairment (memory loss/mild cognitive impairment/dementia or dementia treatment) recognition. Methods: 2,711 patients with PD newly diagnosed with cognitive impairment (index) were identified using administrative claims data. They were matched (1:1) on age and gender to patients with PD and no cognitive impairment (controls). These two cohorts were compared on patient characteristics, healthcare resource utilization, and total median costs for 3 years pre- and post-index using Chi-square tests, t-tests, and Wilcoxon rank-sum tests. Logistic regression was used to identify factors predicting cognitive impairment. Results: Comorbidity indices for patients with cognitive impairment increased during the 6-year study period, especially after the index. Enrollment in Medicare Advantage Prescription Drug plans vs. commercial (OR = 1.60), dual Medicare/Medicaid eligibility (OR = 1.36), cerebrovascular disease (OR = 1.24), and PD medication use (OR = 1.46) were associated with a new cognitive impairment diagnosis (all p < 0.05). A greater proportion of patients with cognitive impairment had hospitalizations and emergency department visits and higher median total healthcare costs than controls for each year pre- and post-index. Conclusion: In patients with PD newly diagnosed with cognitive impairment, comorbidity burden, hospitalizations, emergency department visits, and total costs peaked 1-year pre- and post-identification. These data coupled with recommendations for annual screening for cognitive impairment in PD support the early diagnosis and management of cognitive impairment in order to optimize care for patients and their caregivers.
Early-Onset Parkinsonism and Early-Onset Parkinson’s Disease: A Population-Based Study (2010-2015)
Authors: Camerucci Emanuele , Stang Cole D. , Hajeb Mania , Turcano Pierpaolo , Mullan Aidan F. , Martin Peter , Ross Owen A. , Bower James H. , Mielke Michelle M. , Savica Rodolfo
Published: March 2021

Background: Early-onset Parkinson’s disease (EOPD), occurring between ages 40 and 55, carries social, societal, and personal consequences and may progress, with fewer comorbidities than typical, later-onset disease. Objective: To examine the incidence and survival of EOPD and other Parkinsonism occurring before age 55 in the population-based cohort of residents in seven Minnesota counties. Methods: A movement-disorder specialist reviewed all the medical records in a 2010–2015 Parkinsonism-incident cohort to confirm diagnosis and subtypes. Results: We identified 27 patients diagnosed at ≤ 50 years with incident Parkinsonism 2010–15:11 (41%) cases of EOPD, 13 (48%) drug-induced Parkinsonism, and 3 (11%) other Parkinsonism; we also identified 69 incident cases of Parkinsonism ≤ 55 years, of which 28 (41%) were EOPD, 28 (41%) DIP, and 13 (19%) other Parkinsonism. Overall incidence for Parkinsonism ≤ 50 years was 1.98/100,000 person-years, and for EOPD was 0.81/100,000 person-years. In patients ≤ 55 years, Parkinsonism incidence was 5.05/100,000 person-years: in EOPD, 2.05/100,000 person-years. Levodopa-induced dyskinesia was present in 45%of EOPD (both ≤ 50 years and ≤ 55 years). Onset of cardinal motor symptoms was proximate to the diagnosis of EOPD, except for impaired postural reflexes, which occurred later in the course of EOPD. Among the 69 Parkinsonism cases ≤ 55 years, 9 (13%; all male) were deceased (only 1 case of EOPD). Men had a higher mortality risk compared to women (p = 0.049). Conclusion: The incidence of EOPD ≤ 50 years was 0.81/100,000 person-years (1.98 in Parkinsonism all type); prior to ≤ 55 years was 2.05/100,000 person-years (5.05 in Parkinsonism all type) with higher incidence in men than women. Men with Parkinsonism, all type, had higher mortality compared to women.
The Role of Psychological Assessment in Countering Violent Extremism
Authors: Davies Garth , Doering Sara , Neudecker Christine
Published: March 2021

The following chapter provides an overview of approaches and tactics commonly used in programs developed to counter radicalization and violent extremism, with a particular emphasis on the role of risk/threat assessments used within existing programs. The purpose of this chapter is to understand to what extent existing radicalization prevention, deradicalization, and disengagement programs are using some form of individual-level risk assessment for terrorism or other forms of violence, or if any psychological assessments or interventions are used. The results indicate that the overwhelming majority of current programs do not explicitly include individual risk assessments. This is a critical oversight, one which hampers the potential efficacy of disengagement efforts.
PROGRAM PENGAJARAN DAN PELATIHAN BAHASA INGGRIS DAN MATEMATIKA DASAR DI YAYASAN AL KAMILAH KELURAHAN SERUA KECAMATAN BOJONGSARI KOTA DEPOK
Authors: Priyadi Eko Sasongko , Fitriyah Fitriyah , Suryani Eny , Juitania Juitania
Published: March 2021

Salah satu permasalahan yang dihadapi oleh masyarakat marginal di pinggiran kota, baik marginal secara ekonomi maupun marginal akses sumber daya adalah terbatasnya akses pada dunia pendidikan. Ketidakmampuan ekonomi dan jauhnya sekolah umum sebagai sarana formal pendidikan menyebabkan mereka memiliki keterbatasan untuk mendapatkan salah satu haknya. Dalam jangka panjang, kondisi ini dapat berakibat pada rendahnya tingkat mobilitas vertikal untuk mendapatkan kehidupan yang lebih baik di masa datang. Sebagai salah satu metode untuk ikut mengatasi permasalahan ini, beberapa staf pengajar pada Prodi Akuntansi Universitas Pamulang melaksanakan program pengajaran dan pelatihan Bahasa Inggris dan Matematika Dasar di Yayasan Al Kamilah, Bojongsari Kota Depok. Program ini dikeman menjadi salah satu wujud dari pelaksanan tri darma perguruan tinggi yakni Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat.. Kata-kata kunci: Pengajaran, Pelatihan, Bahasa Inggris, Matematika Dasar
Major Shareholders' Investment Background and Corporate Investment Behavior — Based on Evidence from China's Private Listed Companies
Authors: Hong Kanglong
Published: March 2021

Investment behavior is one of the three major financial decisions of a company. Based on this, this paper takes China's private listed enterprises from 2004 to 2017 as samples, and through literature review and empirical analysis, studies the influence of the major shareholder's investment background on the company's investment behavior. It is found that the investment background of the major shareholder is positively correlated with the cash outflow from the company. At the same time, the major shareholders with investment experience tend to choose the pyramid shareholding structure with financing advantages. After the introduction of shareholding structure, the above positive relationship has a significant change: the internal capital market brought by the pyramid shareholding structure can promote the major shareholder with investment background to find more potential investment opportunities and promote the scale of cash outflow from the company's investment, while the direct shareholding structure can inhibit the promotion effect. To sum up, the investment background provides the major shareholder with subjective motivation and ability to conduct investment, while the pyramid shareholding structure creates objective conditions for him to some extent. The research conclusion of this paper enriches the theoretical research on the high-level echelon theory and the motivation of the existing corporate investment behavior, and provides some reference significance for the investors in the capital market to judge the investment decisions of the company and identify the sustainable development and expansion ability of the company.
Influência da cor nas propriedades físico-químicas e sensoriais de cosmético hidratante
Authors: Oliveira Welyton Carlos , Tescarollo Iara Lúcia
Published: March 2021

As propriedades físico-químicas e sensoriais são elementos a serem levados em consideração durante o desenvolvimento de cosméticos. Os hidratantes representam uma das mais importantes classes de produtos de cuidados pessoais e frequentemente aparecem em uma ampla gama de opções de cores diferentes. Este estudo teve como objetivo desenvolver um hidratante na forma de gel-creme e explorar as opções de cores metalizadas por meio da análise sensorial. Conforme resultados obtidos foi possível observar que o tipo do pigmento afetou a percepção dos julgadores mostrando que a influência desse componente não deve ser desconsiderada na posposta de novas formulações. É possível inferir que a reação de um consumidor a um cosmético não seja apenas baseada em sua eficácia, mas também na forma como suas características físicas são percebidas, dentre elas a cor, aparência, sensação de pele e cheiro.
ANALISIS KETERBUKAAN PENERIMAAN DAN PENGELUARAN KAS BAGI SUSTAINABILITY BPR BANK JOGJA SEBAGAI WUJUD ANTISIPASI KETIDAK PASTIAN AKIBAT PANDEMI COVID-19
Authors: Arianti Devi Sella
Published: March 2021

Bank BPR Jogja is considered a grassroots entity that has an obligation to contribute to providing stimulus during the pandemic and to drive the welfare of its members in times of uncertain economic growth due to the Covid-19 pandemic. Preparation of financial reports has an important factor, namely the openness of cash receipts and disbursements which will be presented through research by measuring 6 aspects of the application of internal control in the cash receipt and disbursement cycle according to the COSO framework in BPR Bank Jogja, namely 1) accountability, 2) control environment, 3) assessment risk, 4) control activities, 5) information and communication, and 6) monitoring. This study aims to determine the analysis of the openness of cash receipts and payments and then identify the weaknesses and strengths that have been implemented through the measurement of significance together. This study uses a quantitative research method using a fact approach and analysis of its effects directly at the BPR Bank Jogja unit. The results of the study concluded that the analysis of the openness of cash receipts and disbursements at Bank BPR Jogja has gone well, in line with the strengths and weaknesses identified.
ANTESENDEN DARI KEPUASAN PENGGUNA TELEPON SELULER MERK VIVO DI MADIUN
Authors: Kadi Dian Citaningtyas Ari , Setyanta Budi
Published: March 2021

ABSTRACT
This study aims to determine the impact of product quality, price perception, and country of origin on user satisfaction of the Vivo cellular phone in Madiun. The number of samples in this study was 100 taken through convenience technique using an online questionnaire. The research hypothesis was tested using multiple linear regression. The results showed that the research model met the requirements of the goodness of fit. Product quality, price perception, and country of origin affect user satisfaction for the Vivo brand mobile phone in Madiun. Future research can add other variables to improve the ability of the research model to explain customer satisfaction.
Keywords: Product Quality, Price Perception, Customer Satisfaction, Country of Origin
Međuovisnost prinosa, rizika i volumena online pretraživanja tržišnog indeksa
Authors: Škrinjarić Tihana
Published: March 2021

U ovome istraživanju razmatraju se vremenski promjenjiva međuovisnost i prelijevanje šokova između prinosa i rizika na službeni indeks Zagrebačke burze te volumena pretraživanja vezanog uz tržišni indeks na tražilici Google. Želi se ispitati kako investitorova pozornost mjerena volumenom pretraživanja može koristiti u modeliranju prinosa i/ili rizika službenog indeksa, ali se pritom dozvoljava i povratna veza prema volumenu pretraživanja. Za mjesečne podatke u razdoblju travanj 2004. – siječanj 2019. godine nalazi se vremenski promjenjiva međuovisnost svih triju varijabli, s povećanjem šokova prelijevanja u vrijeme financijske krize, kao i krize koncerna Agrokor (proljeće 2017. godine). Doprinos istraživanja očituje se u primjeni relativno nove metodologije indeksa prelijevanja šokova u okviru vektorskih autoregresijskih modela za razmatranje ovakve teme u literaturi. Temeljem rezultata istraživanja dane su okvirne smjernice potencijalnim investitorima za buduće primjene.
Kepahlawanan dalam Lagu-Lagu Perjuangan Nahdlatul Wathan Karya Hamzanwadi
Authors: Karmilawati Karmilawati
Published: March 2021

This study aims to describe the forms of the heroes' characteristics and describe the heroic messages contained in the struggle songs of Nahdlatul Wathan (NW)  by T.G.K.H.  Muhammad Zainuddin Abdul Madjid (also known as Hamzanwadi). This research method is descriptive qualitative with content analysis technique which focuses research on the latent content of song texts as research data. This technique is done by reading, recording, and coding, which determines the themes of each form and the heroic message found in each song. The results of this study indicate that the form of heroism contained in the songs of struggle is the attitude of love of knowledge which is realized by diligently demanding knowledge, as well as the attitude of love for religion and nation which is realized through willingness to fight. The heroic message found is a call as well as an invitation to the ummah to have a noble character that is based on the knowledge of the realization of good relations between humans and God, humans and humans, and humans with nature.
KOHESI DAN KOHERENSI DALAM NOVEL KKN DI DESA PENARI KARYA SIMPLEMAN DAN IMPLIKASINYA TERHADAP PEMBELAJARAN BAHASA INDONESIA DI SMA
Authors: Wati Ismi Isma , Mulyati Sri Mulyati , Khotimah Khusnul Khotimah
Published: March 2021

Cohesion and coherence have an important role in writing essays, both those that will write or those that have become essays. Therefore this study aims to determine the use of cohesion and coherence in the KKN novel in Penari Village. The object of this research is the KKN novel in Penari Village by Simpleman. The subject of this research is the sentence which contains the type of cohesion and coherence in the KKN novel in Penari Village by Simpleman. The approach used is a qualitative approach. A qualitative approach is an approach that presents data in the form of sentences. The design of this research is by collecting data, then the data is grouped according to the use of cohesion and coherence types, then the data is analyzed and presented in an informal form. Data collection techniques using reading techniques and note taking techniques. The technique of presenting the results of the analysis using informal techniques. Informal techniques are techniques that present data in the form of common words that are easily understood by the reader.

            The results of this study are grammatical cohesion, lexical cohesion and coherence types. Grammatical cohesion includes: reference, substitution, ellipsis, and conjunction. The use of lexical cohesion are of two types namely, repetition and collocation. The use of coherence there are five relationships, namely: the sum relationship, the sequential relationship, the resistance relationship, the causal relationship, and the time relationship.
REFLEKSI FEMINISME DALAM NOVEL GURU AINI KARYA ANDREA HIRATA
Authors: Astuti Tri Indri
Published: March 2021

Discussions about gender equality and feminism are always interesting topic to discuss. This phenomenon of gender imbalance or inequality often occurs in social life. Women receive subordinate treatment compared to men. Often the discriminatory treatment is raised through various literary works, such as novels. This research will discuss about the issue of feminism raised by a well-known author in Indonesia, Andrea Hirata, in her latest novel entitled Guru Aini. The research design is using qualitative descriptive.
THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN BOARD CHARACTERISTICS AND CORPORATE DIVIDEND POLICY: EVIDENCE FROM JORDAN
Authors: AMEDİ Ari Muhammad Rashid , MUSTAFA Aree
Published: March 2021

This paper examines the impact of Board characteristics (board size, board independence, and board gender) on the corporate policy of dividend for a set of 128 firm-year listed companies of the manufacturing sector from Amman Stock Exchange between the years 2016-2018. The board directors have a great influence in handling the agency conflict. They approve any decision made by the executive manager before any decisions made in any manner. Also, dividends can be used as a tool of mitigating agency conflict. The paper uses panel data approach in analyzing the sample and the results show that there is a positive relationship between the Board of directors' characteristics (Board size, board diversity depicted as outside directors and board gender) and the corporate dividend policy. Our recommendations are that Jordanian manufacturing companies should comply with the Jordanian code of corporate governance and diversify their corporate boards of directors by appointing more outside directors and more female directors within their boards. This will also help to create a healthy relationship between the boards and the owners of the firms or the shareholders and minimize the agency conflict theory.
A comparative analysis of international health technology assessments for novel gene silencing therapies: patisiran and inotersen
Authors: Iannazzo Sergio
Published: March 2021

Objectives: Using the case study of patisiran and inotersen, we conducted a narrative comparative analysis of the health technology assessment (HTA) agency appraisals of these two first-in-class transthyretin gene silencers, which represent exceptional advances in the treatment of hereditary transthyretin-mediated (hATTR) amyloidosis, a rare and multisystemic disease. Despite the impact of each product on the treatment landscape, the majority of HTAs are only considered standard of care as a comparator, resulting in a void of information and limited comprehension of the clinical and pharmacoeconomic differences between the two treatments.

Methods: A search was conducted internationally for HTA reports, and only instances where assessment decisions for both treatments were publicly available were included in the present analysis. The HTA reports were analyzed broadly for the assessment of clinical and pharmacoeconomic evidence. Only economic models considering both patisiran and inotersen were included in this analysis.

Results: A total of nine agencies with public assessment reports for both treatments were identified. HTA agency assessments for both treatments were essentially positive; however, differences were noted in the final recommendations, place in treatment or reimbursed indications, and in the narrative of the evaluations. Only the Canadian Agency for Drugs and Technologies in Health (CADTH) assessment for patisiran evaluated an economic model comparing the two treatments.

Conclusions: The differences summarized in this comparative analysis may provide a more comprehensive overview of the two treatments.
Amplitude de movimento de quadril e joelho associada ao índice de massa corporal em idosos
Authors: Silva Antonio Vinícius Barros da , Silva Jeniele de Sousa , Santos Kelly Pereira Rodrigues dos , Ferreira Cirley Pinheiro
Published: March 2021

Objetivo: Verificar a amplitude de movimento de quadril e joelho e a associação com IMC em idosos. Metodologia: Trata-se de uma pesquisa bibliográfica do tipo revisão bibliográfica, nas bases de dados Google Acadêmico, SciELO, LILACS e PUBMED no período de 2010 a 2020, onde se estruturou a estratégia PICO por meio da associação dos descritores. Resultados: Foram incluídos oito estudos, havendo uma prevalência de publicações no ano de 2013, dos quais 6 (75%) foram publicações no idioma português, e 2 (25%) na língua inglesa. Os resultados indicam que a prática de exercício físico envolvendo força, mobilidade e flexibilidade melhoram a aptidão física, composição corporal e amplitude de movimento (ADM) nos idosos, apesar da idade e do índice de massa corporal (IMC) influenciarem diretamente na ADM do quadril. Conclusão: Pode-se concluir que o processo de envelhecimento se apresenta de maneira individualizada em cada indivíduo podendo sofrer influência do IMC assim como outras variáveis (idade, ambiente, nível de atividade física), e podem interferir nos parâmetros de ADM dos idosos, em especial na articulação do quadril e a atividade física tem sido uma importante aliada na aquisição ou manutenção desta capacidade física.
In vitro maturation of domestic cat oocytes subjected to different incubation times
Authors: Fernandes Denilsa Pires , Santos Fernanda Araujo dos , Macêdo Luã Barbalho de , Izzo Roberta Gonçalves , Barbosa Brenna de Sousa , Pimentel Muriel Magda Lustosa , Pereira Alexsandra Fernandes , Bezerra Marcelo Barbosa
Published: March 2021

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of three different incubation times on in vitro maturation of domestic cat oocytes. Thus, ovaries (n = 42) were submitted to slicing procedure and the oocytes recovered were classified; only good quality oocytes (Grade I and II) underwent in vitro maturation for three different periods (24 vs. 30 vs. 36 h) in supplemented TCM-99 medium. After, oocytes were evaluated for cumulus cell expansion and presence of the first polar body. After six replicates (7 ± 1,7 ovaries per replicate), a total of 334 viable oocytes were recovered. Differences (p <0.05) were observed regarding the percentage of oocytes presenting expansion of the cumulus cells, where higher values were observed in the group of oocytes incubated for 36 h (84.3%), when compared to 30 (73.4%) and 24 h (71.0%). Moreover, differences were also observed regarding the presence of the first polar body (24 h: 29.7%; 30 h: 58.2%; 36 h: 69.8%). We conclude that the incubation period influenced the maturation rates, indicating 36 h as the ideal period for the in vitro maturation of domestic cat oocytes in supplemented TCM-199 medium.
Measuring Executive Ideology and its Influence
Authors: Warner Seth
Published: March 2021

Executives are important elites, and ideology plays an important role in elite behavior, but measurement challenges and a focus on the presidency have kept scholars from fully exploring the role of executive ideology. This article advocates turning to the gubernatorial context, where Bonica’s (2014) campaign finance-based ideology scores (CFscores) provide a common-scale measure of executive preferences. I demonstrate that these scores converge with other indicators of executive preferences, and reliably predict executive behavior. Then, I estimate four models of state policy liberalism as a function of executive, legislative, and citizen ideology. Gubernatorial preferences emerge as the most predictive of the three. Executive ideology is more explanatory than legislative preferences when Democrats are in office and dwarfs the predictive power of public opinion in all cases. A one standard deviation shift in executive ideology corresponds with 2.3 to 8.3 times more policy change than a similar shift in public opinion.
The Availability of the α7-Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor in Early Identification of Vulnerable Atherosclerotic Plaques: A Study Using a Novel 18F-Label Radioligand PET
Authors: Wang Dawei , Yao Yong , Wang Shuxia , Zhang Huabei , He Zuo-Xiang
Published: March 2021

Background: It has been confirmed that the α7-nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α7nAChR) is an important target for identifying vulnerable atherosclerotic plaques. Previously, we successfully designed and synthesized a series of 18F-labeled PET molecular probes targeting α7nAChR, which are mainly used in the diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease. Based on the characteristics of α7nAChR in blood vessels, we have firstly screened for a suitable novel 18F-labeled PET molecular probe ([18F]YLF-DW), with high selectivity for α7nAChR over α4β2nAChR and a good effect for the imaging of atherosclerotic animal models, to effectively identify vulnerable atherosclerotic plaques at an early stage. Meanwhile, we compared it with the “gold standard” pathological examination of atherosclerosis, to verify the reliability of [18F]YLF-DW in early diagnosis of atherosclerosis.

Methods: The vulnerable atherosclerotic plaques model of ApoE-/-mice were successfully established. Then based on the methods of 3D-QSAR and molecular docking, we designed oxazolo[4,5-b] pyridines and fluorenone compounds, which are targeted at α7nAChR. Through further screening, a novel alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor radioligand ([18F]YLF-DW) was synthesized and automatically 18F-labeled using a Stynthra RNplus module. Subsequently, we employed [18F]YLF-DW for the targeting of α7nAChR in atherosclerotic plaques and control group, using a micro-PET/CT respectively. After imaging, the mice were sacrificed by air embolism and the carotid arteries taken out for making circular sections. The paraffin embedded specimens were sectioned with 5 μm thickness and stained with oil red. After staining, immunohistochemistry experiment was carried out to verify the effect of micro-PET/CT imaging.

Results: The micro-PET/CT imaging successfully identified the vulnerable atherosclerotic plaques in the carotid arteries of ApoE-/-mice; whereas, no signal was observed in normal control mice. In addition, compared with the traditional imaging agent [18F]FDG, [18F]YLF-DW had a significant effect on the early plaques imaging of carotid atherosclerosis. The results of oil red staining and immunohistochemistry also showed early formations of carotid plaques in ApoE-/-mice and provided pathological bases for the evaluation of imaging effect.

Conclusion: We innovated to apply the novel molecular probe ([18F]YLF-DW) to the identification of vulnerable atherosclerotic plaques in carotid arteries, to detect atherosclerosis early inflammatory response and provide powerful input for the early diagnosis of atherosclerotic lesions, which may play an early warning role in cardiovascular acute events.
Crocin Improves Endothelial Mitochondrial Dysfunction via GPx1/ROS/KCa3.1 Signal Axis in Diabetes
Authors: Li Xuemei , Liu Yang , Cao Anqiang , Li Chao , Wang Luodan , Wu Qing , Li Xinlei , Lv Xiaohong , Zhu Jiwei , Chun Hua , Laba Ciren , Du Xingchi , Zhang Yafang , Yang Huike
Published: March 2021

Mitochondrial dysfunction contributes to excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, which is a dramatic cause to promote endothelial dysfunction in diabetes. It was previously demonstrated that crocin protected the endothelium based on its diverse medicinal properties, but its effect on the mitochondrion and the potential mechanism are not fully understood. In this study, mitochondrial function was analyzed during the process of excessive ROS generation in high glucose (HG)-cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). The role played by KCa3.1 was further investigated by the inhibition and/or gene silence of KCa3.1 in this process. In addition, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH)-oxidase 2 (NOX2), superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1), and glutathione peroxidase 1 (GPx1) were also detected in this study. Our data showed that crocin improved mitochondrial dysfunction and maintained normal mitochondrial morphology by enhancing the mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), mitochondrial mass, and mitochondrial fusion. Furthermore, KCa3.1 was confirmed to be located in the mitochondrion, and the blockade and/or silencing of KCa3.1 improved mitochondrial dysfunction and reduced excessive ROS generation but did not affect NOX2 and/or the SOD1 system. Intriguingly, it was confirmed that KCa3.1 expression was elevated by ROS overproduction in the endothelium under HG and/or diabetes conditions, while crocin significantly suppressed this elevation by promoting GPx1 and subsequently eliminating ROS generation. In addition, crocin enhanced CD31, thrombomodulin (TM), and p-/t-endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) expressions as well as NO generation and decreased vascular tone. Hence, crocin improved mitochondrial dysfunction through inhibiting ROS-induced KCa3.1 overexpression in the endothelium, which in turn reduced more ROS generation and final endothelial dysfunction in diabetes.