bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
New evidence for church decoration in the early ninth century
Authors: Ousterhout Robert
Published: May 2021

This paper examines church decoration during the Transitional period (ca.
650-850), focusing on unpublished elements from the Fatih Camii (Hagios
Stephanos?) in Zeytinba?? (Trilye). Located on the south shore of the Sea of
Marmara, the church may be securely dated to the early years of the ninth
century. Among the variety of decorative details uncovered during an
unauthorized restoration in 1997 are more than a dozen fragments of opus
sectile. The variety of these panels expands the corpus of geometric
patterns known from the period; in addition, opus sectile seems to have been
used both on the walls and the floor.
Early cyrillic printed books and the migration of decorative forms between the Adriatic and the Danube around 1500
Authors: Simic Vladimir
Published: May 2021

The article focuses on the artistic transfer of the early printed books from
the Cetinje printing shop, between the Mediterranean and the Danube region
in the late medieval and early modern period. The master-printer Makarije
made these books under the influence of the Italian, German and Slavonic
printers operating in Venice. He later traveled throughout Southeastern
Europe, spreading their influence to the Wallachian principality. The paper
analyzes and compares the decorative elements in these books in order to
understand their origin. The migration and the reception of the artistic
elements of Makarije?s incunabula allow us to discover artistic
dissemination routes.
Tissue-Specific Splicing and Dietary Interaction of a Mutant As160 Allele Determine Muscle Metabolic Fitness in Rodents
Authors: Yang Xinyu , Chen Qiaoli , Ouyang Qian , Rong Ping , Feng Weikuan , Quan Chao , Li Min , Jiang Qing , Liang Hui , Zhao Tong-Jin , Wang Hong Yu , Chen Shuai
Published: May 2021

Ethnic groups are
physiologically and genetically adapted to their diets. Inuit bear a frequent AS160R684X
mutation that causes type 2 diabetes. Whether this mutation evolutionarily confers adaptation in
Inuit and how it causes metabolic disorders upon dietary changes are unknown
due to limitations in human studies. Here, we develop a genetically-modified rat
model bearing an orthologous AS160R693X mutation, which mimics human
patients exhibiting postprandial hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia. Importantly,
a sugar-rich diet aggravates metabolic abnormalities in AS160R693X
rats. The AS160R693X mutation diminishes a dominant long-variant
AS160 without affecting a minor short-variant AS160 in skeletal muscle, which
suppresses muscle glucose utilisation but induces fatty acid oxidation. This fuel
switch suggests a possible adaptation in Inuit who traditionally had lipid-rich
hypoglycemic diets. Finally, induction of the short-variant AS160 restores glucose
utilisation in rat myocytes and a mouse model. Our findings have implications
for development of precision treatments for patients bearing the AS160R684X
mutation.
Impact of Lower vs Higher LDL Cholesterol Targets on Cardiovascular Events After Ischemic Stroke in Diabetic Patients
Authors: Amarenco Pierre , Kim Jong S , Labreuche Julien , Charles Hugo , Giroud Maurice , Lee Byung-Chul , Lavallée Philippa C , Mahagne Marie-Hélène , Meseguer Elena , Nighoghossian Norbert , Steg Philippe Gabriel , Vicaut Éric , Bruckert Eric , Investigators Treat Stroke to Target
Published: May 2021

After an ischemic stroke with evidence of
atherosclerosis, lipid lowering treatment with a target LDL cholesterol of less
than 70 mg/dL compared to 100±10 mg/dL, reduced the risk of subsequent
cardiovascular events. In this analysis, we explored the effect in the diabetic
compared to nondiabetic subgroup and newly diagnosed diabetes.

Patients with ischemic stroke in the previous 3 months
or TIA within the previous 15 days and evidence of cerebrovascular or coronary
artery atherosclerosis were randomly assigned in a 1:1 ratio to a target LDL
cholesterol of less than 70 mg/dL or 100±10 mg/dL, using statin or ezetimibe.
The primary outcome was the composite of ischemic stroke, myocardial
infarction, new symptoms requiring urgent coronary or carotid revascularization
and vascular death. We did a pre specified analysis to evaluate the effect in
diabetic patients.

Among 2,860 patients enrolled, 643
were diabetic at baseline with a mean age of 66.2 years and baseline LDL
cholesterol of 127 mg/dL and were followed for a median of 3 years. The primary
composite endpoint occurred in 27/328 (8.2%) patients in the lower target group
and in 44/315 (14.0%) patients in the higher target group (adjusted hazard
ratio, 0.56 [95% CI, 0.34 to 0.89]; P=0.016), while hazard ratio
was 0.87 (95% CI, 0.66 to 1.14; P=0.31) in nondiabetic patients (Pinteraction=0.15).
In diabetics, there were 3 intracranial hemorrhages in both randomization
groups (0.9% vs. 1.0%, respectively). Newly diagnosed diabetes occurred in 98/1070 (9.2%)
and in 80/1085 (7.4%) patients in the lower and higher target group,
respectively (HR=1.27 [95% CI, 0.94 to 1.71], P=0.11) and baseline higher HbAIc
was the unique multivariable predictor.

In conclusions, after an ischemic stroke with evidence
of atherosclerosis, targeting an LDL cholesterol of less than 70 mg/dL compared
to 100±10 mg/dL consistently reduced the risk of subsequent stroke and other
major vascular events in diabetic and nondiabetic patients, but the higher risk
in diabetic patients yielded a higher absolute risk reduction with an NNT of 17
(ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01252875- EUDRACT
Identifier number 2009-A01280-57).
Rabies surveillance in the United States during 2019
Authors: Ma Xiaoyue , Monroe Ben P. , Wallace Ryan M. , Orciari Lillian A. , Gigante Crystal M. , Kirby Jordona D. , Chipman Richard B. , Fehlner-Gardiner Christine , Cedillo Veronica Gutiérrez , Petersen Brett W. , Olson Victoria , Bonwitt Jesse
Published: May 2021

OBJECTIVE

To provide epidemiological information on animal and human cases of rabies occurring in the United States during 2019 and summaries of 2019 rabies surveillance for Canada and Mexico.

ANIMALS

All animals submitted for laboratory diagnosis of rabies in the United States during 2019.

PROCEDURES

State and territorial public health departments and USDA Wildlife Services provided data on animals submitted for rabies testing in the United States during 2019. Data were analyzed temporally and geographically to assess trends in domestic and wildlife rabies cases.

RESULTS

During 2019, 53 jurisdictions submitted 97,523 animal samples for rabies testing, of which 94,770 (97.2%) had a conclusive (positive or negative) test result. Of these, 4,690 tested positive for rabies, representing a 5.3% decrease from the 4,951 cases reported in 2018. Texas (n = 565 [12.0%]), New York (391 [8.3%]), Virginia (385 [8.2%]), North Carolina (315 [6.7%]), California (276 [5.9%]), and Maryland (269 [5.7%]) together accounted for almost half of all animal rabies cases reported in 2019. Of the total reported rabid animals, 4,305 (91.8%) were wildlife, with raccoons (n = 1,545 [32.9%]), bats (1,387 [29.6%]), skunks (915 [19.5%]), and foxes (361 [7.7%]) as the primary species confirmed with rabies. Rabid cats (n = 245 [5.2%]) and dogs (66 [1.4%]) accounted for > 80% of rabies cases involving domestic animals in 2019. No human rabies cases were reported in 2019.

CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE

The overall number of animal rabies cases decreased from 2018 to 2019. Laboratory diagnosis of rabies in animals is critical to ensure that human rabies postexposure prophylaxis is administered judiciously.
COVID -19 complicated by Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Myocarditis, and Pulmonary Embolism. A case report
Authors: Bulbul Rajai F. , Suwaidi Jassim Al , Al-Hijji Mohammed , Tamimi Hassan Al , Fawzi Ibrahim
Published: May 2021

A 49-year-old female Qatari woman, with no past medical history, presented at a hospital complaining of a history of cough and shortness of breath. The patient tested positive for severe acute respiratory syndrome (ARDS) and COVID-19. Subsequently, her course of treatment was complicated by severe acute respiratory distress syndrome, pulmonary embolism and severe myocarditis requiring treatment with venous-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation as a bridge to complete recovery.
Sesso, genere, razza, identità. La scrittura di Igiaba Scego tra femminismo e prospettiva postcoloniale
Authors: Kornacka Barbara
Published: May 2021

L’articolo si propone di analizzare tre temi nella narrativa di Igiaba Scego, scrittrice italiana di origini somale: la violenza sul corpo (stupro e infibulazione), l’incontro tra donna bianca e nera (sorellanza impossibile) e il meticciato dal punto di vista etnico, sessuale e culturale. Questi temi richiedono una riflessione, in misura e in modi diversi, su termini quali sesso, genere, razza e identità, che sono strettamente legati sia con la prospettiva postcoloniale sia con il femminismo.Płeć biologiczna, płeć kulturowa, rasa, tożsamość. Pisarstwo Igiaby Scego między feminizmem a perspektywą postkolonialnąCelem artykułu jest analiza trzech wątków obecnych w prozie Igiaby Scego, włoskiej pisarki pochodzenia somalijskiego. Są to: przemoc cielesna (gwałt i infibulacja), spotkanie kobiety białej i czarnoskórej (niemożliwe siostrzeństwo) oraz metyskość w sensie etnicznym, płciowym i kulturowym. Tematy te pociągają za sobą refleksję – w różnym wymiarze i różnie ujętą – nad pojęciami takimi jak płeć biologiczna, płeć kulturowa, rasa czy tożsamość, które są ściśle powiązane zarówno z perspektywą badań postkolonialnych, jak i z feminizmem.
"A ccanciu ri Maria" e "l’Antologia" di Nino De Vita. Il caso di una scrittura “latitante” allo scoperto
Authors: Malicka Paulina
Published: May 2021

Lo scopo dell’articolo è di segnalare l’importanza dell’ultima produzione in versi del poeta siciliano Nino De Vita considerato una delle voci liriche e narrative più originali nell’ambito della poesia dialettale e della letteratura in lingua italiana. La riflessione verrà articolata attorno al poemetto devitiano A ccanciu ri Maria pubblicato nel 2015 che coincide con la pubblicazione dell’Antologia bilingue del poeta percepita nei termini di un vero e proprio evento editoriale. Un evento che copre oltre trent’anni dell’attività poetica e narrativa segnata da un continuo intrecciarsi dell’esperienza di vita e di scrittura “in latitanza”."A ccanciu ri Maria" i "Antologia" Nina De Vity. Przypadek ujawnionego pisania „w ukryciu”Celem artykułu jest zwrócenie uwagi na ostatnie dokonania sycylijskiego poety Nina De Vity, uważanego za jeden z najbardziej oryginalnych głosów poetyckich – zarówno w pisarstwie dialektalnym, jak i w literaturze włoskiej. Refleksja dotyczy jego ostatniego opowiadania, pisanego wierszem A ccanciu ri Maria (W zamian za Marię), które ukazało się w 2015 roku. Publikacja ta zbiega się w czasie z innym ważnym wydarzeniem edytorskim, a mianowicie z ukazaniem się dwujęzycznej antologii obejmującej 30 lat twórczości poetyckiej i narracyjnej De Vity, naznaczonej nieustannym przenikaniem się doświadczeń życia i pisania „w ukryciu”.
The case of posterior ischemic optic neuropathy in patient with multiple sclerosis
Authors:   Helmholtz National Medical Research Center of Eye Diseases, Kiseleva T.N. , Eliseeva E.K. ,   Helmholtz National Medical Research Center of Eye Diseases, Zakharova M.N. ,   Research Center of Neurology
Published: May 2021

A case of posterior ischemic optic neuropathy (PION) in a 41-year-woman with 19 years remission of multiple sclerosisis presented.She had complaints of acute unilateral loss of vision and underwent complex clinical and instrumental examination including B-scan of orbit, color duplex sonography (CDS) of orbital vessels and brachiocephalic arteries, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The significant stenosis of internal carotid artery due to its dissection was detected on the affected eye side. The results of ultrasound examinations and MRI excluded demyelinative retrobulbar neuritis (RBN) and determined the signs of blood flow impairment in vessels of orbital part of the optic nerve. Differential diagnostics of PION and RBN required the investigations of blood flow in orbital vessels and brachiocephalic arteries. Key words: posterior ischemic optic neuropathy, multiple sclerosis, retrobulbar neuritis, color duplex sonography, internal carotid artery.
Оptical coherence tomography and optical coherence tomography-angiography in determining the progression of glaucoma
Authors:   Burnasyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center Of Federal Medical Biological Agency оf Russia, Moscow, Kurysheva N.I. , Nikitina A.D. ,   Burnasyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center Of Federal Medical Biological Agency оf Russia, Moscow
Published: May 2021

Purpose. To study the role of optical coherence tomography (OCT) and OCT angiography (OCTA) in the detection of the primary glaucoma progression. Material and methods. The prospective study of 128 patients with primary glaucoma (128 eyes), conducted from 2015 to 2019, included at least 6 standard automated perimetry (SAP) and spectral-domain OCT (SD-OCT) examinations in each patient; OCTA was also used during the last year of observation. To determine the disease progression, the trend and event analysis using the Humphrey Field Analyzer was performed. The fact and rate of thinning of the retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) and its ganglion cell complex (GCC) were evaluated. If they had a trend of significant (p < 0.05) thinning, the eye was classified as having the SD-OCT progression. The values of corneal-compensated IOP were also considered: minimal (IOPmin) and peak (IOPmax). Results. Glaucoma progression was detected in 79 eyes. The isolated use of SAP allows detecting the progression only in 2.3% cases, SD-OCT - in 37.5%, among them the isolated assessment of GCC amounted to 7.8%, and RNFL – to 5.5%. The complex dynamic morphological and functional assessment increased the possibility of progression detection up to 61.7%. Progression was related to the stage of glaucoma damage at the moment of diagnosis: for the perimetry index PSD p=0.025, for the focal loss volume of GCC p=0.024, as well as with the level of minimal IOP (p=0.04). All patients with progression have shown the vessel density decrease in the peripapillary retina and parafovea. Conclusion. SD-OCT plays an important role in detecting the progression of glaucoma. The complex dynamic morphological and functional assessment allows detecting the progression in over half of patients. Progression is associated with the initial stage of glaucoma and an insufficient IOP decrease during treatment, accompanied by retinal microcirculation deterioration. Key words: primary, glaucoma progression, optical coherence tomography, OCT-angiography, IOP.
Corneal crosslinking by an argon-fluorine excimer laser
Authors:   National Medical and Surgical Center. N.I. Pirogov, Moscow, Kornilovskiy I.M.
Published: May 2021

Purpose. To substantiate the expediency of using ablative and subablative energy densities of an argon-fluorine excimer laser for corneal crosslinking. Material and methods. In the period from 1 month to 6 years, the results of more than 500 photorefractive and phototherapeutic operations with saturation of the cornea with riboflavin and the effect of crosslinking were analyzed. To activate riboflavin, secondary radiation was used, induced by the use of ablative and subablative energy densities of an argon-fluorine excimer laser. For an objective assessment of the effect of excimer laser crosslinking, we used the techniques of computed keratotopography, aberrometry, optical coherence tomography, and densitometry. Results. Clinical observations have shown that in most cases of photorefractive surgery of the cornea for the prevention of keratoectasias, it is sufficient to carry out ablation after saturation of the corneal stroma with 0.25% isotonic riboflavin solution for 3-10 minutes, depending on the degree of ametropia and the volume of tissue removed. This provided photoprotective protection of deeper stromal structures from the negative effects of ablation-induced secondary radiation. At the same time, upon completion of ablation, secondary radiation initiated the effect of crosslinking in the adjacent layers, which did not violate the elastic properties of the cornea. In a number of cases, the cross-linking effect was enhanced by additional exposure to energy densities below the ablation threshold and the formation of a Bowman-like membrane structure on the ablation surface. For keratoconus and corneal pathology, without and in combination with keratoectasia, the technology of therapeutic cross-linking was used. This technology provided for the saturation of the stroma with 0.1% or 0.25% isotonic riboflavin solution and its activation by subablative radiation energy densities of an argon-fluorine excimer laser. During therapeutic crosslinking, according to OCT and densitometry, all the classic signs of traditional corneal crosslinking were revealed. Conclusion. The radiation of an argon-fluorine excimer laser with the use of ablative pulse energy densities can be recommended for prophylactic crosslinking in all cases of corneal thinning during photorefractive surgeries, while the use of energy densities below the ablation threshold allows for therapeutic crosslinking in keratoconus and corneal ectasias of various etiology. Key words: excimer laser crosslinking, cornea, keratoconus, photorefractive ablation, riboflavin.
Ophthalmological aspects of multiple sclerosis
Authors:   Ufa Eye Research Institute, Ufa, Zaynutdinova G.H. , Babushkin A.E. ,   Ufa Eye Research Institute, Ufa
Published: May 2021

The article presents a literature review on the issue of multiple sclerosis (MS) and its ophthalmological manifestations: etiopathogenesis, possible causes of development, peculiarities of the clinical picture, including the eyes, modern diagnostic capabilities and treatment approaches. Special attention is paid to such a typical for MS ophthalmopathology as optical (retrobulbar) neuritis. The authors present their own practical cases. Key words: multiple sclerosis, diagnosis, treatment, ocular manifestations, optical (retrobulbar) neuritis.
DEVELOPMENT OF UKRAINIAN CRIMINAL LEGISLATION ON RESPONSIBILITY FOR TERRORISM
Authors:   National Technical University of Ukraine «Igor Sikorsky Kyiv Polytechnic Institute», Bedrata Anastasiia , Nikolyuk Alina ,   National Technical University of Ukraine «Igor Sikorsky Kyiv Polytechnic Institute»
Published: May 2021

The article examines the historical development and the process of formation of criminal legislation of Ukraine, the commission of criminal offenses in the field of terrorism. A comparative analysis of the criminal codes of 1927 1960 and 2001 was carried out in terms of articles that establish responsibility for a terrorist act. The question of differentiation of terrorist crimes from other similar ones is considered. These issues are becoming increasingly important in connection with the escalation of tensions both at the national level and in the international arena, in particular: due to the growth of radical adherents of religion, opponents of the current government in different countries, individuals of traditional views. refuse to accept the liberalization and empowerment of national minorities. However, despite the rapid development of the popularity of this issue on a global scale, special attention in this article should be focused on the development of national regulations on the issue of defining the concept of terrorism. Outline the preventive actions that the state of Ukraine can take to prevent the spread of these crimes. The urgency of this issue in Ukraine is due to various factors, and in particular: the unstable economic situation in the country, which depresses citizens, trampling them on a criminal path for easy profit; It is also worth noting the unstable political situation in the state, which leads to the emergence of opposition-minded citizens who are unable to be heard peacefully. At rallies and protests are forced to resort to more radical manifestations of their political position. As a result of the research conducted in the article, it was established how the national criminal legislation developed in terms of terrorist crimes, analyzed the content, established what disadvantages and advantages can be found in the criminal codes of 1927 1960 and 2001, proposed options for improving the legislation, as well as Proposals for Changing the Hierarchy of Values during the development of the new Criminal Code, the draft of which has already been developed on its own initiative. Groups of lawyers and scholars in the field of law.
PROBLEMATIC ISSUES OF RETURNING THE COURT FEE IN THE COURT OF CASSATION
Authors:   Supreme Court, Serdiuk Valentyn , Skrynkovskyy Ruslan ,   Institution of higher Education «Lviv University of Business and Law», Sopilnyk Lyubomyr ,   Institution of higher Education «Lviv University of Business and Law», Babii Anastasiia ,   Supreme Court, Pryveda Andriy ,   Lviv Region Prosecutor's Office
Published: May 2021

Based on the results of the study and generalization of the judicial practice of Ukraine, the article presents the features and problematic issues of returning the court fee in the court of cassation
New Potential Drug Candidates Against SARS-CoV-2 Using Generative Model
Authors: Verma Madhusudan
Published: May 2021

Since known approved drugs like liponavir and ritonavir failed to cure SARS-CoV-2 infected patients, it is high time to generate new chemical entities against this virus. 3CL main protease acts as key enzyme for the growth of a virus which acts as biocatalyst and helps to break protein and ultimately in the growth of coronavirus. Based on a recently solved structure (PDB ID: 6LU7), we developed a novel advanced deep Q-learning network with the fragment-based drug design (ADQN-FBDD) along with variational autoencoder with KL annealing and circular annealing for generating potential lead compounds targeting SARS-CoV-2 3CLpro. Structure-based optimization policy (SBOP) is used in reinforcement learning. The reason for using variational autoencoders is that it does not deviate much from actual inhibitors, but since VAE suffers from KL diminishing we have used KL annealing and circular annealing to address this issue. Researchers can use this compound as potential drugs against SARS-CoV-2
Linking Mechanistic Analysis of Catalytic Reactivity Cliffs to Ligand Classification
Authors: Newman-Stonebraker Samuel , Smith Sleight , Borowski Julia , Peters Ellyn , Gensch Tobias , Johnson Heather , Sigman Matthew , Doyle Abigail
Published: May 2021

Statistical analysis of reaction data with molecular descriptors can enable chemists to identify reactivity cliffs that result from a mechanistic dependence on a specific structural feature. In this study, we develop a broadly applicable and quantitative classification workflow that identifies reactivity cliffs in eleven Ni- and Pd-catalyzed cross-coupling datasets employing monodentate phosphine ligands. A unique ligand steric descriptor, %Vbur (min), is found to divide these datasets into active and inactive regions at a similar threshold value. Organometallic studies demonstrate that this threshold corresponds to the binary outcome of bisligated versus monoligated metal and that %Vbur (min) is a physically meaningful and predictive representation of ligand structure in catalysis. Taken together, we expect that this strategy will be of broad value in mechanistic investigation of structure-reactivity relationships, while providing a means to rationally partition datasets for data-driven modeling.
Cross-coupling Reactions of Monosubstituted Tetrazines
Authors: Hoff Lukas , Schnell Simon , Tomio Andrea , Linden Anthony , Gademann Karl
Published: May 2021

A fast and mild method for the Pd-catalyzed cross-coupling reaction of monosubstituted 3-bromo-1,2,4,5-tetrazine is presented. Investigation of silver-based additives revealed that Ag2CO3 is the optimal mediator, enabling the process without the need for strong bases or high temperatures. Electronic modification of the classical 1,1′- bis(diphenylphosphine)ferrocene (dppf) ligand proved to be a powerful strategy in tailoring the catalytic system to the requirements set by the process. Under the optimized conditions a scope comprising a variety of alkyl-, heteroatom-, and halide substituted aryl- and heteroaryl-tetrazines were prepared in good to excellent yields (29 examples, up to 87% yield). This method constitutes the first example of a direct cross-coupling reaction of monosubstituted tetrazines.
Charge Density and Hydrophobicity-Dominated Regimes in the Phase Behavior of Complex Coacervates
Authors: Huang Jun , Laaser Jennifer
Published: May 2021

The role of hydrophobicity, and particularly nonionic hydrophobic comonomers, on the phase behavior of polyelectrolyte complex coacervates is not well-understood. Here, we address this problem by synthesizing a library of polymers with a wide range of charge densities and nonionic hydrophobic side chain lengths, and characterizing their phase behavior by optical turbidity. The polymers were prepared by post-polymerization modification of poly(N-acryloxy succinimide), targeting charge densities between 40 and 100% and nonionic aliphatic sidechains with lengths from 0 to 12 carbons long. Turbidity measurements on pairs of polycations and polyanions with matched charge densities and nonionic sidechain lengths revealed a complex salt response with distinct charge density-dominated and hydrophobicity-dominated regimes. The polymer solubilities were not directly correlated with the phase behavior of the coacervates, indicating the difficulty of understanding the coacervate phase behavior in terms of the polymer-water interaction parameter. This result suggests that there is significant room for further work to understand the mechanisms by which specific molecular-scale interactions moderate the phase behavior of complex coacervates.
A Self-Immolative Molecular Beacon for Amplified Nucleic Acid Detection
Authors: Roth Magdalena , Seitz Oliver
Published: May 2021

Fluorogenic hybridization probes allow the detection of RNA and DNA sequences in homogeneous solution. Typically, one target molecule is activating the fluorescence of a single probe molecule. This limits the sensitivity of nucleic acid detection. Herein, we report a self-immolative Molecular Beacon (iMB), which escapes the one-target-one-probe dogma. The iMB probe includes a photoreductively cleavable N-alkylpicolinium (NAP) linkage within the loop region. A fluorophore at the 5'-end serves, on the one hand, as a reporter group and, on the other hand, as a photosensitizer of a NAP-linker cleavage reaction. In the absence of a target, the iMB adopts a hairpin shape. Quencher proups prevent photo-induced cleavage. The iMB opens upon hybridization with target, and both fluorescent emission as well as photo-inductive cleavage of the NAP-linker can occur. In contrast to previous chemical amplification probes, iMBs are unimolecular. Cleavage leads to products that have lower target affinity than the probes before reaction. Aided by catalysis, the method allowed the detection of 5 pM RNA target within 100 min.
INTELLIGENT SYSTEM FOR DIAGNOSING THE PARAMETERS OF THE TECHNICAL CONDITION OF TRACTORS
Authors:   Russian Timiryazev State Agrarian University, EROKHIN MIKHAIL N.
Published: May 2021

Research aimed at the development and implementation of new digital methods and intelligent systems that allow improving the diagnostic process, increasing the reliability of determining the functional characteristics of agricultural tractors in an online mode is an important and relevant component of technologies and tools for servicing agricultural machinery. The paper presents the results on the justifi cation and development of an intelligent system for diagnosing machines based on the interaction of a neural network. The advantage of this diagnostic system is the ability to maintain the working condition of agricultural machinery, in case the processes of diagnosis and analysis of the obtained data are automated. The use of an intelligent tractor diagnostic system provides for the determination of not only the cause of failure by the controlled parameters, but also the effi ciency evaluation of the machine as a whole. It is established that one of the ways to increase the effi ciency of using agricultural machinery is the non-contact determination of the parameters of the technical condition of equipment through the modernization of the technology for monitoring the technical condition of machines and the quality of work on the basis of the introduction of modern intelligent and telemetric systems.
FEATURES OF USING A GROUND LASER PROFILER TO ASSESS THE QUALITY OF SOIL CULTIVATION ON AGRICULTURAL SLOPE LANDSCAPES
Authors:   Russian Timiryazev State Agrarian University, VASILIEV SERGEY A. , ALEKSEEV VIKTOR А. ,   Nizhny Novgorod State University of Engineering and Economics, VASILIEV MIKHAIL A. ,   Russian Timiryazev State Agrarian University, VASILIEV ALEKSEI A.
Published: May 2021

The authors analyze an extensive set of data for measuring the daily surface profi le of the cultivated soil to assess its agrotechnical parameters. The research was carried out on a small agricultural catchment area of the Orininsky rural settlement, which is located in the Morgaushy district of the Chuvash Republic. Three agricultural fi elds were selected, ranging from 25 ha to 53 ha. The studied areas were cultivated in various ways: plowing with harrowing, disking the soil and winter plowing. The profi les of the studied elementary sections were measured using a developed ground-based circular laser profi lometer. Data on the state of the profi le were used to determine the main agrotechnical parameters - clumping, cloddiness, surface slope, and deviation of the travel trajectory of a machine and tractor unit from the line of equal height. A software tool for processing and analyzing data received from sensors has been developed. The results established that the deviation of the projection of the greatest elevation line changes (measured by the slope) from the travel trajectory of a unit with an angle of 62, a slope of 6.5, and in a quantitative size distribution soil aggregates of 1…4 inches in diameter prevail. The weighted average diameter of the clods was 3.99 cm. The research results have determined the use of recommend methods for stating the agrotechnical parameters of the daylight surface to evaluate the cultivated soil in accordance with agrotechnical requirements.
Research of the Contexts of the Ecosystem of "Digital Tourism"
Authors: Кононова Ольга Витальевна , Прокудин Дмитрий Евгеньевич , Тупикина Елена Николаевна
Published: May 2021

Modern information and communication technologies, elements of digitalization are constantly and rapidly developing, which, in turn, has a direct impact on all spheres of human activity. In the light of recent events related to the collapse of the tourism business due to COVID-19, there is a great scientific interest in the service sector, namely in the field of "digital tourism". Digital tourism relies on the widespread adoption of new technologies such as social media and mobile technologies, smart devices and sensors to collect and use massive amounts of data to create new value propositions. In this regard, the authors set a goal – to present a review of the literature on "digital tourism" from the standpoint of scientific and media discourse. The authors present a comprehensive scientific approach, including the sequential implementation of all stages of the review, from the definition of the terminological core of the interdisciplinary direction, the formation of search queries, cascade search, selection and content analysis of materials to the identification and explication of contexts. The sources of information for preparing the review were publications from academic databases: Web of Science, Science-Direct, Scopus, GoogleScholar, eLibrary, Cyberleninka, as well as materials and publications in Russian-language media – Integrum.
The results obtained by the authors will be useful for scientists in identifying promising areas of research in the field of "digital tourism", as well as deepen their knowledge of mechanisms for searching, collecting and analyzing data and integrated and analytical environments.
FACTORS AFFECTING TO ORGANIC FOOD BUYING INTENTION
Authors: Abeyrathna K.G.N.W.
Published: May 2021

Organic food is one latest food cultures of Sri Lankan community due to the non-communicable diseases of the inorganic foods. After the green revolution and plantation culture of the country farmers used to use the pesticides, Insecticides, , Fungicides to manage the crops. After the green revolution, multinational companies who are based on the Monsanto concept started to distribute their chemicals under the faith of high yield. Today Sri Lanka is the country which has the most agriculture based chemical consumers in the world.
Phytohormonal activity of lactone-structure brassinosteroids under chemical stress in plants
Authors: Kem K. R. , Laman N. A. , Kopylova N. A. , Khripach V. A.
Published: May 2021

The dependence of the action of lactone-structure brassinosteroids in composition with a growth-inhibiting dose of glyphosate on the root system and the aerial part of fiber flax (Linum usitatissimum L.) and spring barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) seedlings was determined. The species specificity of growth responses to seed incrustation by such mixtures was identified. The concentration ranges of brassinosteroids, in which their interaction with the herbicide is most pronounced, were detected. In this case, there is an increase (on spring barley seedlings) or weakening (on fiber flax seedlings) of the inhibitory effect of glyphosate on the root system.
Dirac particle in the external coulomb field on the background of the Lobachevsky–Riemann space models
Authors: Оvsiyuk E. M. , Koral’kov A. D.
Published: May 2021

The known systems of the radial equations describing the hydrogen atom on the basis of the Dirac equation in the Lobachevsky–Riemann spaces of constant curvature are investigated. In the both geometrical models, the differential equations of second order with six regular singular points are found, and their exact solutions of Frobenius type are constructed. To produce the quantization rule for energy values we use the known condition which separates the transcendental Frobenius solutions. This provides us with the energy spectra that are physically interpretable and are similar to those for the Klein–Fock–Gordon particle in these space models. These spectra are similar to those that previously have appeared in studying the same systems of the equations with the use of the semi-classical approximation.
Substantiation of the basic constructive-and-technological parameters of technology for preparing haylage of the cocksfoot (Dactylis glomerata L.) using gas preservative
Authors: Tulinov A. G. , Lobanov A. Yu.
Published: May 2021

The most important task for the further development of animal breeding is increase of production of feed, increase of its quality and reduction of production costs. Important thing in these conditions is the parallel development of two areas - creation of highly productive agrocenoses and development of technologies capable of saving the obtained feed mass for future use during winter period. A valuable component in grass mixtures when creating highly productive hayfields in the North-West region is the cocksfoot (Dactylis glomerata L.), which in the North conditions forms rather high yield of feed mass, as soon as it responds to fertilizer application properly. On the basis of the Institute of Agrobiotechnology Federal Research Center Komi Scientific Center Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (Russia, Komi Republic, Syktyvkar), a device has been developed for treating haylage by carbon dioxide. To determine the efficiency of this technique when harvesting haylage of cocksfoot, two series of experiments were carried out - laboratory and field. In the course of the laboratory experiment, we conducted an experiment according to the Box-Behnken plan of the second order for four factors with three levels of variation. The optimal parameters of the device were determined as a result: density of raw materials; volume of raw material processed by one spray nozzle; gas preservative consumption and its dose. In the field experiment, haylage was processed in rolls according to certain optimal parameters. The feed obtained was compared in terms of quality with haylage prepared of the same raw material in compliance with standard technology, but with no preservatives. As a result of the studies, it has been determined that carbon dioxide is most effective when harvesting the cocksfoot as raw material for haylage, with the following parameters: density of pressing the hay mass - 290-330 kg/m3 ; moisture content of raw materials - 53-55 %; dose of carbon dioxide introduced into the haylage - (0.40-0.50)∙10-3 m3 /kg; carbon dioxide consumption through a gas supply reducer 0.500.60 m3 /h. This provides an increase in feed units in one kilogram of feed by 0.3, exchange energy - by 0.4 MJ, digestible protein - by 1 g.
Peculiarities of karyotype of the Ukrainian aboriginal Hutsul breed of horse
Authors: Starodub L. F.
Published: May 2021

Saving biodiversity and assessment of the genetic diversity of local breeds of domestic animals as priority subjects of protection in agrobiocenoses is one of the global challenges facing humanity in the 21st century. Hutsul horse is one of the oldest horse breeds in Ukraine, which according to the gene pool subject of horses in Ukraine belongs to the group “Local (mountain and ponies)” of the I category, which is already on the verge of extinction, and according to the FAO classification it is considered to be a subject of the gene pool threatened with extinction. Since the breeding chromosomal polymorphism of horses is insufficiently studied, it is timely to carry out a cytogenetic analysis of the characteristics of spontaneous mutagenesis in Hutsul horses. Karyotypic variability of Hutsul breed horses was determined using the methods of cytogenetic analysis and micronucleus test. The paper presents the results of cytogenetic analysis and micronucleus test of karyotypic variability of Hutsul breed horses. Asynchronous divergence of centromere regions of chromosomes occurs as a result of premature replication of centromere regions of heterochromatin associated with centromere activity. In the studied Hutsul horses, the magnitude of this variability corresponds to the spontaneous level for horses as a whole (2.2-9.1 %). No structural chromosomal abnormalities (chromosomal breaks) were revealed in Hutsul breed horses at Krai Neba LLC, and in the animals of the Hutsulshchina National Nature Park, the percentage of metaphase plates with chromosomal breaks was low (1.1 %), which indicates the stability of the karyotype of the studied animals. The results of the micronucleus test showed that the proportion of lymphocytes with micronuclei in the animals at the both farms was practically the same - 4.0-4.2. It can be concluded based on the data obtained that the animals under study were in ecologically clean conditions relative to the level of radionuclide contamination and were characterized by karyotype stability and reduced sensitivity to mutagenic factors of various nature.
Graphics of units of the state document of turnover of the Republic of Belarus (1991–2019)
Authors: Hanžuraŭ H. A.
Published: May 2021

We consider such a complex phenomenon in the modern applied graphics of Belarus as the schedule of workflow units (1991–2019). During this period, Belarusian forms of securities, documents, seals, etc. were analyzed mainly in the field of visual protection of documents. At the same time, high aesthetic qualities, as well as a number of unique properties of state applied graphics, as a result of a special synthesis of artistry and functionality, a combination of the possibilities of different types of creativity (graphics, typography, printing skills, engravings, prints, etc.) allow us to consider them from the perspective of art. It can be argued that today Belarusian documents, letterheads, seals, etc. formed as a complex phenomenon and acquired an individual artistic style. The ongoing search for new visual solutions, meanings and cultural concepts has formed a unique tradition for us to design works of state applied graphics in Belarus. An artistic analysis of the basic units of the state document flow was carried out, patterns of style-forming decisions of their visual images were revealed, periodization was developed and a classification of this cultural phenomenon was given. Based on the results obtained, a general classification scheme is presented for the works of state applied grahics of the Republic of Belarus (1991–2019).
Belarus as a small historical homeland in the works of Polish poets of 1918–1939 (based on the poetry of K. Vyazhinsky and S. Balinsky)
Authors: Khmialinitski M. M.
Published: May 2021

The article is devoted to the place and role of Belarus as the small historical homeland in the works of the Polish poets KazimirVyazynski and Stanislaw Balinski (1918–1939). The axiological coordinates, ideological and creative priorities of the lyrical hero are revealed. The forms and levels of the theme of the small historical homeland artistically embodied in the poetry of the studied authors such as chronotope, realities, images-symbols, precedent names, landscape, and artistic language have been characterized. The works by K. Vyazhinsky and S. Balinsky are analyzed through the prism of the literary and folkloremythological traditions and intercultural dialogue. The specifics of the artistic depiction of Belarus and the Belarusians in the poetry of K. Vyazhinsky and S. Balinsky such as the influence of the vicinity of the Belarusian-Polish border, the connection of history with modernity, folklore component, mythological discourse, realistic landscape, romantic imagery, etc. are described.
Isolation and identification of the causative agent of fowl cholera in Iraq and preparation of vaccines against the disease 1- Isolation of the causative agent of fowl cholera and study of it’s properties.
Authors: Mhanam Hatem M .
Published: May 2021

It was possible to obtain 17 isolates of Pasteurella multocida frominfected laying chickens with fowl cholera. Three isolates were from the chronicphases of the naturally infected chickens and other fourteen were from the acutephases. The identification of these isolates was considered. Fifteen isolatesbelong to the sub species multocida and two isolates to gallicida, ten isolatesbelong to the SE-190 isolate and one to SE-077, while six isolates were notidentified. Twelve of the isolates have a capsule. The LD50s of these isolateswere varied. The results of sensitivity to antibacterial drugs revieled that allisolates were sensitive to Penicillin and resistance to Lincomycin with variousdegrees of sensitivity to other antibacterial drugs.
Study of important moulds isolated from milk and its products in Baghdad – with experimental study the pathogenesis of Aspergillus Fumigatus moulds in mice
Authors: Al-Kaisie Bushra I. , Khalid Jinan
Published: May 2021

This study was designed to isolate and identify the type of moulds and theirpercentage of distribution with pathological study of highly moulds isolated from(130)samples were included in this study with divided into (30)samples driedmilk,(30).samples baby food ,(30)samples raw milk , (40) samples dairy products .The results revealed the percentage of infection according to total count ofisolation in raw milk were 100 % dairy product 65 %. The most common fungiisolated from raw milk were Asp.niger of 16.2 % Asp. fumigatus of 15 % Asp.flavusof 13.7 % Pencillium spp. 12.5 % . From dairy products were isolated withpercentage of Asp. Fumigatus 34.9% Geotrichum spp . of 23 % ,Asp. nager of 11.5% . Pathological study was carried out to investigate the clinical signs with grosslyand Histopathological changes inoculated with most pathogenic moulds Asp.fumigatus (30)male white swiss mice were used in this study and divided into fourgroups . The first group were injected I/P with 0.2 ml of Asp. fumigatus containing1X105 spores / ml , 4th group (control)given orally 0.2 ml of PBs.Two mice fromeach treated groups and one from each control group were scarified on week (1,2,3,4).the clinical manifestation of the 1st group were at 2nd week showed dyspnea .Mouldisolated from blood and internal organs at third week , with no isolation from 3rdgroup. The Histopathological observations showed presence of degeneration ,necrosis and diffused granuloma in liver, lung , spleen , kidney and hemorrhage withthrombosis in brain and intestine .
Toxicological Pathologic Study of effect of various Insulin doses in mice
Authors: Jwaad Buthaina J.
Published: May 2021

This study concentrate on the effect of synthetic insulin in laboratory animals, 80 white mice, randomly divided into four main groups of males and females control –untreated, treated as low dose, intermediated dose and high dose, then every group also divided in two subgroups, the first subgroup was given Actrapid and second subgroup was given Monotrade , the tested material was given daily subcutaneously untreated control group .
The injection was continued until animals were killed after 24 weeks of treatment .Clinical, macroscopical and microscopical studies of experimental mice in comparison with the control group and the result were as follows :
1- Injected mice showed normal activity, with increase body weight and low food consumption in comparison to controls. On several occasions, there were attacks of hypoglycaemia with coma in treated mice.
2- Macroscopic examination of treated mice showed presence of several layers of adipose tissue around visceral organs , in peri renal region , in the serosal areas of small intestine , in peri bronchial region, in subcutaneously , peri pancreatic region , splenic enlargement in scattered treated animals ,
3- Histopathological changes were seen as fatty infiltration / degeneration in the liver, dilated cortical tubules in the kidney and enlarged zona fasciculate of the adrenals. In addition to atrophy and / or depletion of pancreatic islet of langerhans, also extramedullary haemopoiesis and / or atrophy of lymphoid tissue in the spleen, with peri follicular deposits of amyloid in Splenic white pulp and in glomeruli of kidneys of group B. Furthermore, there were evidence of steatitis (focal inflammation of adipose tissue) and enlargement of zona fasiculata in adrenals.
The Use Of Ultrasonography To Detect The Response Of Local Awassi Ewes To Synchronization Of Estrous And Superovulation To Different Intravaginal Progestagen sponge And eCG
Authors: Hussein K. A.
Published: May 2021

The aim of this study was to induction of estrous synchronization andsupper ovulation by using intravaginal sponges and injection of different timeand dose of eCG and count the number of corpora lutea and nonovulatedvesicles by using 5MHz ultrasonography in local Awassi ewesThis study were included forty Awassi ewes aged about (3-5) years and 5rams of same breeds. These ewes allotted randomly into five groups (8 ewes foreach group). Ewes of the first four groups were treated with progesteronehormone by using intra vaginal sponges. Saturated with 40 mg of flourogestonAcetate (FGA) for 14 days, while the fifth group was used as a control nottreated with any hormone. Ewes of group 1 and 2 were injected with 500 and750 I.U of eCG. I.M subsequently at time of sponges removal, while ewes ofgroups 3 and 4 were injected with 500 and 750 I.U of eCG I.M subsequentlybefore 48 hrs from sponges removal. The results of the present study showedthat significant difference (P<0.05) in mean of time of estrus after removed ofsponges. The results also showed significant differences (P<0.05) in the lengthof mean of estrus phase between four treated groups. Also the results showedthat the injection of different time were lead to increase in mean of corpora lutialnumber in treated groups, and there was significant difference (P<0.05) inovulation rate.