bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Association between cord blood metabolites in tryptophan pathway and childhood risk of autism spectrum disorder and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder
Authors: Raghavan Ramkripa , Anand Neha S. , Wang Guoying , Hong Xiumei , Pearson Colleen , Zuckerman Barry , Xie Hehuang , Wang Xiaobin
Published: July 2022

Alterations in tryptophan and serotonin have been implicated in various mental disorders; but studies are limited on child neurodevelopmental disabilities such as autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). This prospective cohort study examined the associations between levels of tryptophan and select metabolites (5-methoxytryptophol (5-MTX), 5-hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP), serotonin, N-acetyltrytophan) in cord plasma (collected at birth) and physician-diagnosed ASD, ADHD and other developmental disabilities (DD) in childhood. The study sample (n = 996) derived from the Boston Birth Cohort, which included 326 neurotypical children, 87 ASD, 269 ADHD, and 314 other DD children (mutually exclusive). These participants were enrolled at birth and followed-up prospectively (from October 1, 1998 to June 30, 2018) at the Boston Medical Center. Higher levels of cord 5-MTX was associated with a lower risk of ASD (aOR: 0.56, 95% CI: 0.41, 0.77) and ADHD (aOR: 0.79, 95% CI: 0.65, 0.96) per Z-score increase, after adjusting for potential confounders. Similarly, children with cord 5-MTX ≥ 25th percentile (vs. <25th percentile) had a reduction in ASD (aOR: 0.27, 95% CI: 0.14, 0.49) and ADHD risks (aOR: 0.45, 95% CI: 0.29, 0.70). In contrast, higher levels of cord tryptophan, 5-HTP and N-acetyltryptophan were associated with higher risk of ADHD, with aOR: 1.25, 95% CI: 1.03, 1.51; aOR: 1.32, 95% CI: 1.08, 1.61; and aOR: 1.27, 95% CI: 1.05, 1.53, respectively, but not with ASD and other DD. Cord serotonin was not associated with ASD, ADHD, and other DD. Most findings remained statistically significant in the sensitivity and subgroup analyses.
A potassium channel agonist protects hearing function and promotes outer hair cell survival in a mouse model for age-related hearing loss
Authors: Peixoto Pinheiro Barbara , Müller Marcus , Bös Michael , Guezguez Jamil , Burnet Michael , Tornincasa Mara , Rizzetto Riccardo , Rolland Jean-Francois , Liberati Chiara , Lohmer Stefan , Adel Youssef , Löwenheim Hubert
Published: July 2022

Age-related hearing loss (ARHL) is the most common sensory impairment mainly caused by degeneration of sensory hair cells in the cochlea with no causal medical treatment available. Auditory function and sensory hair cell survival critically depend on the Kv7.4 (KCNQ4) channel, a voltage-gated potassium channel expressed in outer hair cells (OHCs), with its impaired function or reduced activity previously associated with ARHL. Here, we investigated the effect of a potent small-molecule Kv7.4 agonist on ARHL in the senescence-accelerated mouse prone 8 (SAMP8) model. For the first time in vivo, we show that Kv7.4 activation can significantly reduce age-related threshold shifts of auditory brainstem responses as well as OHC loss in the SAMP8 model. Pharmacological activation of Kv7.4 thus holds great potential as a therapeutic approach for ARHL as well as other hearing impairments related to Kv7.4 function.
Gankyrin modulated non-small cell lung cancer progression via glycolysis metabolism in a YAP1-dependent manner
Authors: Yu Tong , Liu Yanyan , Xue Junwen , Sun Xiang , Zhu Di , Ma Lu , Guo Yingying , Jin Tongzhu , Cao Huiying , Chen Yingzhun , Zhu Tong , Li Xuelian , Liang Haihai , Du Zhimin , Shan Hongli
Published: July 2022

Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is highly malignant and heterogeneous form of lung cancer and involves various oncogene alterations. Glycolysis, an important step in tumor metabolism, is closely related to cancer progression. In this study, we investigated the biological function and mechanism of action of Gankyrin in glycolysis and its association with NSCLC. Analyzed of data from The Cancer Genome Atlas as well as NSCLC specimens and adjacent tissues demonstrated that Gankyrin expression was upregulated in NSCLC tissues compared to adjacent normal tissues. Gankyrin was found to significantly aggravate cancer-related phenotypes, including cell viability, migration, invasion, and epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT), whereas Gankyrin silencing alleviated the malignant phenotype of NSCLC cells. Our results reveal that Gankyrin exerted its function by regulating YAP1 expression and increasing its nuclear translocation. Importantly, YAP1 actuates glycolysis, which involves glucose uptake, lactic acid production, and ATP generation and thus might contribute to the tumorigenic effect of Gankyrin. Furthermore, the Gankyrin-accelerated glycolysis in NSCLC cells was reversed by YAP1 deficiency. Gankyrin knockdown reduced A549 cell tumorigenesis and EMT and decreased YAP1 expression in a subcutaneous xenograft nude mouse model. In conclusion, both Gankyrin and YAP1 play important roles in tumor metabolism, and Gankyrin-targeted inhibition may be a potential anti-cancer therapeutic strategy for NSCLC.
The role of NLRP3 inflammasome in psychotropic drug-induced hepatotoxicity
Authors: Mu Wenqing , Xu Guang , Wei Ziying , Wang Zhilei , Qin Qin , Lin Li , Ren Lutong , Liu Tingting , Fang Zhie , Yang Yan , Zhao Jing , Wang Junnan , Zhan Xiaoyan , Xiao Xiaohe , Bai Zhaofang
Published: July 2022

Increased medical application of psychotropic drugs raised attention concerning their toxicological effects. In fact, more than 160 psychotropic drugs including antidepressants and antipsychotics, have been shown to cause liver side effects, but the underlying mechanisms are still poorly understood. Here, we discovered that fluoxetine, a common antidepressant, was specifically sensed by NLRP3 inflammasome, whose subsequent activation resulted in the maturation of caspase-1 and IL-1β, as well as gasdermin D (GSDMD) cleavage, which could be completely abrogated by a selective NLRP3 inhibitor MCC950 or Nlrp3 knockout (Nlrp3−/−). Mechanistically, mitochondrial damage and the subsequent mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mtROS) accumulation were crucial upstream signaling events in fluoxetine-triggered NLRP3 inflammasome activation. In fluoxetine hepatotoxicity models, mice showed the alterations of aminotransferase levels, hepatic inflammation and hepatocyte death in an NLRP3-dependent manner, and MCC950 pretreatment could reverse these side effects of fluoxetine. Notably, we also found that multiple antidepressants, such as amitriptyline, paroxetine, and imipramine, and antipsychotics, such as asenapine, could specifically trigger the NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Collectively, our findings implicate multiple psychotropic drugs may act as danger signals sensed by the NLRP3 inflammasome and result in hepatic injury.
Organic phosphorescent scintillation from copolymers by X-ray irradiation
Authors: Gan Nan , Zou Xin , Dong Mengyang , Wang Yanze , Wang Xiao , Lv Anqi , Song Zhicheng , Zhang Yuanyuan , Gong Wenqi , Zhao Zhu , Wang Ziyang , Zhou Zixing , Ma Huili , Liu Xiaowang , Chen Qiushui , Shi Huifang , Yang Huanghao , Gu Long , An Zhongfu , Huang Wei
Published: July 2022

Scintillators that exhibit X-ray-excited luminescence have great potential in radiation detection, X-ray imaging, radiotherapy, and non-destructive testing. However, most reported scintillators are limited to inorganic or organic crystal materials, which have some obstacles in repeatability and processability. Here we present a facile strategy to achieve the X-ray-excited organic phosphorescent scintillation from amorphous copolymers through the copolymerization of the bromine-substituted chromophores and acrylic acid. These polymeric scintillators exhibit efficient X-ray responsibility and decent phosphorescent quantum yield up to 51.4% under ambient conditions. The universality of the design principle was further confirmed by a series of copolymers with multi-color radioluminescence ranging from green to orange-red. Moreover, we demonstrated their potential application in X-ray radiography. This finding not only outlines a feasible principle to develop X-ray responsive phosphorescent polymers, but also expands the potential applications of polymer materials with phosphorescence features.
Trade off-free entanglement stabilization in a superconducting qutrit-qubit system
Authors: Brown T. , Doucet E. , Ristè D. , Ribeill G. , Cicak K. , Aumentado J. , Simmonds R. , Govia L. , Kamal A. , Ranzani L.
Published: July 2022

Quantum reservoir engineering is a powerful framework for autonomous quantum state preparation and error correction. However, traditional approaches to reservoir engineering are hindered by unavoidable coherent leakage out of the target state, which imposes an inherent trade off between achievable steady-state state fidelity and stabilization rate. In this work we demonstrate a protocol that achieves trade off-free Bell state stabilization in a qutrit-qubit system realized on a circuit-QED platform. We accomplish this by creating a purely dissipative channel for population transfer into the target state, mediated by strong parametric interactions coupling the second-excited state of a superconducting transmon and the engineered bath resonator. Our scheme achieves a state preparation fidelity of 84% with a stabilization time constant of 339 ns, leading to a 54 ns error-time product in a solid-state quantum information platform.
Mechanism of fertilization-induced auxin synthesis in the endosperm for seed and fruit development
Authors: Guo Lei , Luo Xi , Li Muzi , Joldersma Dirk , Plunkert Madison , Liu Zhongchi
Published: July 2022

The dominance of flowering plants on earth is owed largely to the evolution of maternal tissues such as fruit and seedcoat that protect and disseminate the seeds. The mechanism of how fertilization triggers the development of these specialized maternal tissues is not well understood. A key event is the induction of auxin synthesis in the endosperm, and the mobile auxin subsequently stimulates seedcoat and fruit development. However, the regulatory mechanism of auxin synthesis in the endosperm remains unknown. Here, we show that a type I MADS box gene AGL62 is required for the activation of auxin synthesis in the endosperm in both Fragaria vesca, a diploid strawberry, and in Arabidopsis. Several strawberry FveATHB genes were identified as downstream targets of FveAGL62 and act to repress auxin biosynthesis. In this work, we identify a key mechanism for auxin induction to mediate fertilization success, a finding broadly relevant to flowering plants.
Probing strigolactone perception mechanisms with rationally designed small-molecule agonists stimulating germination of root parasitic weeds
Authors: Wang Dawei , Pang Zhili , Yu Haiyang , Thiombiano Benjamin , Walmsley Aimee , Yu Shuyi , Zhang Yingying , Wei Tao , Liang Lu , Wang Jing , Wen Xin , Bouwmeester Harro J. , Yao Ruifeng , Xi Zhen
Published: July 2022

The development of potent strigolactone (SL) agonists as suicidal germination inducers could be a useful strategy for controlling root parasitic weeds, but uncertainty about the SL perception mechanism impedes real progress. Here we describe small-molecule agonists that efficiently stimulate Phelipanchce aegyptiaca, and Striga hermonthica, germination in concentrations as low as 10−8 to 10−17 M. We show that full efficiency of synthetic SL agonists in triggering signaling through the Striga SL receptor, ShHTL7, depends on the receptor-catalyzed hydrolytic reaction of the agonists. Additionally, we reveal that the stereochemistry of synthetic SL analogs affects the hydrolytic ability of ShHTL7 by influencing the probability of the privileged conformations of ShHTL7. Importantly, an alternative ShHTL7-mediated hydrolysis mechanism, proceeding via nucleophilic attack of the NE2 atom of H246 to the 2′C of the D-ring, is reported. Together, our findings provide insight into SL hydrolysis and structure-perception mechanisms, and potent suicide germination stimulants, which would contribute to the elimination of the noxious parasitic weeds.
Decoupling PER phosphorylation, stability and rhythmic expression from circadian clock function by abolishing PER-CK1 interaction
Authors: An Yang , Yuan Baoshi , Xie Pancheng , Gu Yue , Liu Zhiwei , Wang Tao , Li Zhihao , Xu Ying , Liu Yi
Published: July 2022

Robust rhythms of abundances and phosphorylation profiles of PERIOD proteins were thought be the master rhythms that drive mammalian circadian clock functions. PER stability was proposed to be a major determinant of period length. In mammals, CK1 forms stable complexes with PER. Here we identify the PER residues essential for PER-CK1 interaction. In cells and in mice, their mutation abolishes PER phosphorylation and CLOCK hyperphosphorylation, resulting in PER stabilization, arrhythmic PER abundance and impaired negative feedback process, indicating that PER acts as the CK1 scaffold in circadian feedback mechanism. Surprisingly, the mutant mice exhibit robust short period locomotor activity and other physiological rhythms but low amplitude molecular rhythms. PER-CK1 interaction has two opposing roles in regulating CLOCK-BMAL1 activity. These results indicate that the circadian clock can function independently of PER phosphorylation and abundance rhythms due to another PER-CRY-dependent feedback mechanism and that period length can be uncoupled from PER stability.
Acetyl-CoA-Carboxylase 1-mediated de novo fatty acid synthesis sustains Lgr5+ intestinal stem cell function
Authors: Li Shuting , Lu Chia-Wen , Diem Elia C. , Li Wang , Guderian Melanie , Lindenberg Marc , Kruse Friederike , Buettner Manuela , Floess Stefan , Winny Markus R. , Geffers Robert , Richnow Hans-Hermann , Abraham Wolf-Rainer , Grassl Guntram A. , Lochner Matthias
Published: July 2022

Basic processes of the fatty acid metabolism have an important impact on the function of intestinal epithelial cells (IEC). However, while the role of cellular fatty acid oxidation is well appreciated, it is not clear how de novo fatty acid synthesis (FAS) influences the biology of IECs. We report here that interfering with de novo FAS by deletion of the enzyme Acetyl-CoA-Carboxylase (ACC)1 in IECs results in the loss of epithelial crypt structures and a specific decline in Lgr5+ intestinal epithelial stem cells (ISC). Mechanistically, ACC1-mediated de novo FAS supports the formation of intestinal organoids and the differentiation of complex crypt structures by sustaining the nuclear accumulation of PPARδ/β-catenin in ISCs. The dependency of ISCs on cellular de novo FAS is tuned by the availability of environmental lipids, as an excess delivery of external fatty acids is sufficient to rescue the defect in crypt formation. Finally, inhibition of ACC1 reduces the formation of tumors in colitis-associated colon cancer, together highlighting the importance of cellular lipogenesis for sustaining ISC function and providing a potential perspective to colon cancer therapy.
A Nodal enhanced micropeptide NEMEP regulates glucose uptake during mesendoderm differentiation of embryonic stem cells
Authors: Fu Haipeng , Wang Tingyu , Kong Xiaohui , Yan Kun , Yang Yang , Cao Jingyi , Yuan Yafei , Wang Nan , Kee Kehkooi , Lu Zhi John , Xi Qiaoran
Published: July 2022

TGF-β family proteins including Nodal are known as central regulators of early development in metazoans, yet our understanding of the scope of Nodal signaling’s downstream targets and associated physiological mechanisms in specifying developmentally appropriate cell fates is far from complete. Here, we identified a highly conserved, transmembrane micropeptide—NEMEP—as a direct target of Nodal signaling in mesendoderm differentiation of mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs), and this micropeptide is essential for mesendoderm differentiation. We showed that NEMEP interacts with the glucose transporters GLUT1/GLUT3 and promotes glucose uptake likely through these interactions. Thus, beyond expanding the scope of known Nodal signaling targets in early development and showing that this target micropeptide augments the glucose uptake during mesendoderm differentiation, our study provides a clear example for the direct functional impact of altered glucose metabolism on cell fate determination.
In vivo dissection of a clustered-CTCF domain boundary reveals developmental principles of regulatory insulation
Authors: Anania Chiara , Acemel Rafael D. , Jedamzick Johanna , Bolondi Adriano , Cova Giulia , Brieske Norbert , Kühn Ralf , Wittler Lars , Real Francisca M. , Lupiáñez Darío G.
Published: July 2022

Vertebrate genomes organize into topologically associating domains, delimited by boundaries that insulate regulatory elements from nontarget genes. However, how boundary function is established is not well understood. Here, we combine genome-wide analyses and transgenic mouse assays to dissect the regulatory logic of clustered-CCCTC-binding factor (CTCF) boundaries in vivo, interrogating their function at multiple levels: chromatin interactions, transcription and phenotypes. Individual CTCF binding site (CBS) deletions revealed that the characteristics of specific sites can outweigh other factors such as CBS number and orientation. Combined deletions demonstrated that CBSs cooperate redundantly and provide boundary robustness. We show that divergent CBS signatures are not strictly required for effective insulation and that chromatin loops formed by nonconvergently oriented sites could be mediated by a loop interference mechanism. Further, we observe that insulation strength constitutes a quantitative modulator of gene expression and phenotypes. Our results highlight the modular nature of boundaries and their control over developmental processes.
Multitier mechanics control stromal adaptations in the swelling lymph node
Authors: Assen Frank P. , Abe Jun , Hons Miroslav , Hauschild Robert , Shamipour Shayan , Kaufmann Walter A. , Costanzo Tommaso , Krens Gabriel , Brown Markus , Ludewig Burkhard , Hippenmeyer Simon , Heisenberg Carl-Philipp , Weninger Wolfgang , Hannezo Edouard , Luther Sanjiv A. , Stein Jens V. , Sixt Michael
Published: July 2022

Lymph nodes (LNs) comprise two main structural elements: fibroblastic reticular cells that form dedicated niches for immune cell interaction and capsular fibroblasts that build a shell around the organ. Immunological challenge causes LNs to increase more than tenfold in size within a few days. Here, we characterized the biomechanics of LN swelling on the cellular and organ scale. We identified lymphocyte trapping by influx and proliferation as drivers of an outward pressure force, causing fibroblastic reticular cells of the T-zone (TRCs) and their associated conduits to stretch. After an initial phase of relaxation, TRCs sensed the resulting strain through cell matrix adhesions, which coordinated local growth and remodeling of the stromal network. While the expanded TRC network readopted its typical configuration, a massive fibrotic reaction of the organ capsule set in and countered further organ expansion. Thus, different fibroblast populations mechanically control LN swelling in a multitier fashion.
A 26-year time series of mortality and growth of the Pacific oyster C. gigas recorded along French coasts
Authors: Mazaleyrat Anna , Normand Julien , Dubroca Laurent , Fleury Elodie
Published: July 2022

We used a compiled data set from a monitoring network of oyster production coordinated by IFREMER (the French Research Institute for the Exploitation of the Sea). This network monitors the growth and mortality of the Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas along French coasts since 1993. The archive, although publicly available, has been challenging to use due to changes in protocols and little information on metadata. Here, we describe data collection for almost 30 years, cleaning and processing. For 13 locations, we modeled growth and mortality of spat (less than one-year-old individuals) and half-grown oysters (between one and two-year-old individuals) as a function of time to cope with changes in data acquisition frequency, and produced standardized annual growth and cumulative mortality indicators to improve data usability. This improved database is expected to be used by ecologists interested in the evolution of life-cycle indicators of a marine species under the influence of climate change. It can also be valuable for epidemiologists because mortality data traces the emergence and spread of a massive epizootic.
Country Compendium of the Global Register of Introduced and Invasive Species
Authors: Pagad Shyama , Bisset Stewart , Genovesi Piero , Groom Quentin , Hirsch Tim , Jetz Walter , Ranipeta Ajay , Schigel Dmitry , Sica Yanina V. , McGeoch Melodie A.
Published: July 2022

The Country Compendium of the Global Register of Introduced and Invasive Species (GRIIS) is a collation of data across 196 individual country checklists of alien species, along with a designation of those species with evidence of impact at a country level. The Compendium provides a baseline for monitoring the distribution and invasion status of all major taxonomic groups, and can be used for the purpose of global analyses of introduced (alien, non-native, exotic) and invasive species (invasive alien species), including regional, single and multi-species taxon assessments and comparisons. It enables exploration of gaps and inferred absences of species across countries, and also provides one means for updating individual GRIIS Checklists. The Country Compendium is, for example, instrumental, along with data on first records of introduction, for assessing and reporting on invasive alien species targets, including for the Convention on Biological Diversity and Sustainable Development Goals. The GRIIS Country Compendium provides a baseline and mechanism for tracking the spread of introduced and invasive alien species across countries globally.

Design Type(s)
Data integration objective ● Observation design

Measurement Type(s)
Alien species occurrence ● Evidence of impact invasive alien species assessment objective

Technology Type(s)
Agent expert ● Data collation

Factor Type(s)
Geographic location ● Origin / provenance ● Habitat

Sample Characteristics - Organism
Animalia ● Bacteria ● Chromista ● Fungi ● Plantae ● Protista (Protozoa) ● Viruses

Sample Characteristics - Location
Global countries
Learning transport processes with machine intelligence
Authors: Miniati Francesco , Gregori Gianluca
Published: July 2022

Transport processes ruled by complex micro-physics and impractical to theoretical investigation may exhibit emergent behavior describable by mathematical expressions. Such information, while implicitly contained in the results of microscopic-scale numerical simulations close to first principles or experiments is not in a form suitable for macroscopic modelling. Here we present a machine learning approach that leverages such information to deploy micro-physics informed transport flux representations applicable to a continuum mechanics description. One issue with deep neural networks, arguably providing the most generic of such representations, is their noisiness which is shown to break the performance of numerical schemes. The matter is addressed and a methodology suitable for schemes characterised by second order convergence rate is presented. The capability of the methodology is demonstrated through an idealized study of the long standing problem of heat flux suppression relevant to fusion and cosmic plasmas. Symbolic representations, although potentially less generic, are straightforward to use in numerical schemes and theoretical analysis, and can be even more accurate as shown by the application to the same problem of an advanced symbolic regression tool. These results are a promising initial step to filling the gap between micro and macro in this important area of modeling.
Implementation intentions to express gratitude increase daily time co-present with an intimate partner, and moderate effects of variation in CD38
Authors: Chang Yen-Ping , Way Baldwin M. , Sheeran Paschal , Kurtz Laura E. , Baucom Donald H. , Algoe Sara B.
Published: July 2022

Close social connections drive mental and physical health and promote longevity. Positive, other-focused behavior like expressing gratitude may be a key mechanism for increasing close bonds. Existing evidence consistent with this claim is predominantly correlational, likely driven by challenges in causally influencing and sustaining behavior change in the context of ongoing relationships. This 5-week field experiment with daily data from couples provides the first evidence for a brief, low-cost behavioral technique to increase everyday expressed gratitude to a romantic partner. Random assignment to the gratitude expression treatment (GET) increased the amount of time couples spent co-present in everyday life, from the weeks before GET to the weeks after, relative to the control condition. This effect was mediated by the change in expressed gratitude. Voluntary co-presence is an important behavioral indicator of close bonds in non-human animals. Further analyses with a functional genotype related to the oxytocin system (rs6449182) suggest a neurochemical pathway involved in the effects of expressing gratitude. Together, this evidence bridges animal and human research on bonding behavior and sets up future experiments on biopsychosocial mechanisms linking close bonds to health.
Different transcriptional responses by the CRISPRa system in distinct types of heterochromatin in Drosophila melanogaster
Authors: Ortega-Yáñez Andrea , Cruz-Ruiz Samantha , Vázquez Martha , Zurita Mario
Published: July 2022

Transcription factors (TFs) activate gene expression by binding to elements close to promoters or enhancers. Some TFs can bind to heterochromatic regions to initiate gene activation, suggesting that if a TF is able to bind to any type of heterochromatin, it can activate transcription. To investigate this possibility, we used the CRISPRa system based on dCas9-VPR as an artificial TF in Drosophila. dCas9-VPR was targeted to the TAHRE telomeric element, an example of constitutive heterochromatin, and to promoters and enhancers of the HOX Ultrabithorax (Ubx) and Sex Combs Reduced (Scr) genes in the context of facultative heterochromatin. dCas9-VPR robustly activated TAHRE transcription, showing that although this element is heterochromatic, dCas9-VPR was sufficient to activate its expression. In the case of HOX gene promoters, although Polycomb complexes epigenetically silence these genes, both were ectopically activated. When the artificial TF was directed to enhancers, we found that the expression pattern was different compared to the effect on the promoters. In the case of the Scr upstream enhancer, dCas9-VPR activated the gene ectopically but with less expressivity; however, ectopic activation also occurred in different cells. In the case of the bxI enhancer located in the third intron of Ubx, the presence of dCas9-VPR is capable of increasing transcription initiation while simultaneously blocking transcription elongation, generating a lack of functional phenotype. Our results show that CRISPRa system is able to activate transcription in any type of heterochromatin; nevertheless, its effect on transcription is subject to the intrinsic characteristics of each gene or regulatory element.
Environmental stability and phenotypic plasticity benefit the cold-water coral Desmophyllum dianthus in an acidified fjord
Authors: Beck Kristina K. , Schmidt-Grieb Gertraud M. , Laudien Jürgen , Försterra Günter , Häussermann Verena , González Humberto E. , Espinoza Juan Pablo , Richter Claudio , Wall Marlene
Published: July 2022

The stratified Chilean Comau Fjord sustains a dense population of the cold-water coral (CWC)Desmophyllum dianthusin aragonite supersaturated shallow and aragonite undersaturated deep water. This provides a rare opportunity to evaluate CWC fitness trade-offs in response to physico-chemical drivers and their variability. Here, we combined year-long reciprocal transplantation experiments along natural oceanographic gradients with an in situ assessment of CWC fitness. Following transplantation, corals acclimated fast to the novel environment with no discernible difference between native and novel (i.e. cross-transplanted) corals, demonstrating high phenotypic plasticity. Surprisingly, corals exposed to lowest aragonite saturation (Ωarag < 1) and temperature (T < 12.0 °C), but stable environmental conditions, at the deep station grew fastest and expressed the fittest phenotype. We found an inverse relationship between CWC fitness and environmental variability and propose to consider the high frequency fluctuations of abiotic and biotic factors to better predict the future of CWCs in a changing ocean.
Bioinspired enzymatic compartments constructed by spatiotemporally confined in situ self-assembly of catalytic peptide
Authors: Wang Yaling , Pan Tiezheng , Wei Xuewen , Su Fangcui , Li Ang , Tai Yifan , Wei Tingting , Zhang Qian , Kong Deling , Zhang Chunqiu
Published: July 2022

Enzymatic compartments, inspired by cell compartmentalization, which bring enzymes and substrates together in confined environments, are of particular interest in ensuring the enhanced catalytic efficiency and increased lifetime of encapsulated enzymes. Herein, we constructed bioinspired enzymatic compartments (TPE-Q18H@GPs) with semi-permeability by spatiotemporally controllable self-assembly of catalytic peptide TPE-Q18H in hollow porous glucan particles (GPs), allowing substrates and products to pass in/out freely, while enzymatic aggregations were retained. Due to the enrichment of substrates and synergistic effect of catalytic nanofibers formed in the confined environment, the enzymatic compartments exhibited stronger substrate binding affinity and over two-fold enhancement of second-order kinetic constant (kcat/Km) compared to TPE-Q18H nanofibers in disperse system. Moreover, GPs enabled the compartments sufficient stability against perturbation conditions, such as high temperature and degradation. This work opens an intriguing avenue to construct enzymatic compartments using porous biomass materials and has fundamental implications for constructing artificial organelles and even artificial cells.
Observation of bulk-edge correspondence in topological pumping based on a tunable electric circuit
Authors: Yatsugi Kenichi , Yoshida Tsuneya , Mizoguchi Tomonari , Kuno Yoshihito , Iizuka Hideo , Tadokoro Yukihiro , Hatsugai Yasuhiro
Published: July 2022

In topological phases, localized edge states protected by the bulk topological number appear. This phenomenon is known as the bulk-edge correspondence, which has been theoretically established in various topological systems including topological pumping. There have been experimental works on topological edge states. However, direct observation of bulk topological numbers remains challenging. Here, we experimentally observe both topological edge states and bulk Chern numbers near the topological phase transition in a tunable electric circuit system. The admittance matrix of the system is accurately engineered by using variable capacitors, leading to the implementation of classical analogue of the quantum Hall phase and the topological transition. The topological numbers of the edge states are determined experimentally, where the locations of the edge states are flipped in the topological transition. The corresponding bulk Chern numbers are determined by the Středa’s formula to the impedance spectrum. Our electric circuit scheme is a promising platform to provide a crucial understanding of topological phenomena, and opens up the possibility toward functional energy transfer mechanisms.
Deep learning for the rare-event rational design of 3D printed multi-material mechanical metamaterials
Authors: Pahlavani Helda , Amani Muhamad , Saldívar Mauricio Cruz , Zhou Jie , Mirzaali Mohammad J. , Zadpoor Amir A.
Published: July 2022

Emerging multi-material 3D printing techniques enables the rational design of metamaterials with not only complex geometries but also arbitrary distributions of multiple materials within those geometries, yielding unique combinations of elastic properties. However, discovering the rare designs that lead to highly unusual combinations of material properties, such as double-auxeticity and high elastic moduli, remains a non-trivial crucial task. Here, we use computational models and deep learning algorithms to identify rare-event designs. In particular, we study the relationship between random distributions of hard and soft phases in three types of planar lattices and the resulting mechanical properties of the two-dimensional networks. By creating a mapping from the space of design parameters to the space of mechanical properties, we are able to reduce the computational time required for evaluating each design to ≈2.4 × 10−6 s, and to make the process of evaluating different designs highly parallelizable. We then select ten designs to be 3D printed, mechanically test them, and characterize their behavior using digital image correlation to validate the accuracy of our computational models. Our simulation results show that our deep learning-based algorithms can accurately predict the mechanical behavior of the different designs and that our modeling results match experimental observations.
Neutrophils incite and macrophages avert electrical storm after myocardial infarction
Authors: Grune Jana , Lewis Andrew J. M. , Yamazoe Masahiro , Hulsmans Maarten , Rohde David , Xiao Ling , Zhang Shuang , Ott Christiane , Calcagno David M. , Zhou Yirong , Timm Kerstin , Shanmuganathan Mayooran , Pulous Fadi E. , Schloss Maximillian J. , Foy Brody H. , Capen Diane , Vinegoni Claudio , Wojtkiewicz Gregory R. , Iwamoto Yoshiko , Grune Tilman , Brown Dennis , Higgins John , Ferreira Vanessa M. , Herring Neil , Channon Keith M. , Neubauer Stefan ,   Oxford Acute Myocardial Infarction (OxAMI) Study, Shanmuganathan Mayooran , Ferreira Vanessa M. , Channon Keith M. , Sosnovik David E. , Milan David J. , Swirski Filip K. , King Kevin R. , Aguirre Aaron D. , Ellinor Patrick T. , Nahrendorf Matthias
Published: July 2022

Sudden cardiac death, arising from abnormal electrical conduction, occurs frequently in patients with coronary heart disease. Myocardial ischemia simultaneously induces arrhythmia and massive myocardial leukocyte changes. In this study, we optimized a mouse model in which hypokalemia combined with myocardial infarction triggered spontaneous ventricular tachycardia in ambulatory mice, and we showed that major leukocyte subsets have opposing effects on cardiac conduction. Neutrophils increased ventricular tachycardia via lipocalin-2 in mice, whereas neutrophilia associated with ventricular tachycardia in patients. In contrast, macrophages protected against arrhythmia. Depleting recruited macrophages in Ccr2−/− mice or all macrophage subsets with Csf1 receptor inhibition increased both ventricular tachycardia and fibrillation. Higher arrhythmia burden and mortality in Cd36−/− and Mertk−/− mice, viewed together with reduced mitochondrial integrity and accelerated cardiomyocyte death in the absence of macrophages, indicated that receptor-mediated phagocytosis protects against lethal electrical storm. Thus, modulation of leukocyte function provides a potential therapeutic pathway for reducing the risk of sudden cardiac death.
Investigating the cytotoxic redox mechanism of PFOS within Hep G2 by hyperspectral-assisted scanning electrochemical microscopy
Authors: Goines Sondrica , Dick Jeffrey E.
Published: July 2022

PFOS exposure is a leading public health concern with advisory limits set as low as 10 ppt. Here, we implicate a superoxide facilitated cytotoxic mechanism following exposureviahyperspectral-assisted SECM, as opposed to traditional analytical methods.
A FRET-based aptasensor for the detection of α-synuclein oligomers as biomarkers of Parkinson's disease
Authors: Saedi Zeinab , Nikkhah Maryam
Published: July 2022

The schematic illustration of the FRET sensing strategy for α-syn oligomer detection based on a FAM-aptamer/GO complex.
An ion imprinted magnetic organosilica nanocomposite for the selective determination of traces of Cd(ii) in a minicolumn flow-through preconcentration system coupled with graphite furnace atomic absorption spectroscopy
Authors: Minaberry Yanina Susana , Costa Cecilia , Diz Virginia , Tudino Mabel
Published: July 2022

This work presents for the first time the use of ion-imprinted magnetic materials in a simple and novel flow-through magnetic preconcentration system applied to the determination of ultratraces of cadmium ions in water coupled to GFAAS.
Ni-soc-MOF derived carbon hollow sphere encapsulated Ni3Se4 nanocrystals for high-rate supercapacitors
Authors: Wang Jing , Zhu Yue , Li Shuo , Zhai Shengxian , Fu Ning , Niu Yongsheng , Hou Shaogang , Luo Jiahuan , Mu Shichun , Huang Yunhui
Published: July 2022

Carbon hollow sphere encapsulated Ni3Se4 (Ni3Se4@CHS) nanocrystals are prepared using the Ni-soc-MOF by pyrolysis and further selenization.
Can an alkalide act as a perfect Lewis base?
Authors: Kalita Amlan J. , Purkayastha Siddhartha K. , Sarmah Kangkan , Guha Ankur K.
Published: July 2022

Quantum chemical calculations predict that a perfect two-electron donor dative bond involving an alkalide as the Lewis basic centre can be possible.
meta-Position synergistic effect induced by Ni–Mo co-doped WSe2 to enhance the hydrogen evolution reaction
Authors: Zhao Xinya , Liu Kankan , Guo Fengbo , He Zeyang , Zhang Lixin , Lei Shiwen , Li Huadong , Cheng Yongkang , Yang Lei
Published: July 2022

NiMo-WSe2 exhibits high HER activity under both acid and alkaline conditions, attributed to Ni doping modulating the electronic state of WSe2, while NiMo co-doping lowers the potential barrier for the HER reaction and increases the current density.
In situ release of IL-2/IL-12 from SiO2-engineered dendritic cells for synergistic immunotherapy
Authors: Xu Rong , Liu Kaijing , Wang Xiaoli , Zhang Chuangnian , Zhang Yajing , Yang Jing
Published: July 2022

IL-2/IL-12-loaded SiO2–MAL was conjugated on the surface of DCs. DCs and T cells formed a positive feedback loop, providing long-term anti-tumor protection.
Advances and challenges in metal selenides enabled by nanostructures for electrochemical energy storage applications
Authors: Mao Baoguang , Xu Dan , Meng Tao , Cao Minhua
Published: July 2022

We summarize the recent progress in the design and synthesis of metal selenides with complex nanostructures for electrochemical energy storage and present an outlook on the potential challenges and research prospects for their future applications.
Reassembly and functionalization ofN-CF3pyridinium salts: synthesis of nicotinaldehydes
Authors: Liu Xiaowei , Wang Shuang , Gao Chi , Guan Wei , Wang Mang
Published: July 2022

An unprecedented hydrolyzation-triggered ring opening and recyclization cascade to construct biologically interesting nicotinaldehydes.
A general and practical bifunctional cobalt catalytic system for N-heterocycle assembly via acceptorless dehydrogenation
Authors: Tian Haitao , Xue Wenxuan , Wu Jingtao , Yang Ziguang , Lu Hongcheng , Tang Conghui
Published: July 2022

A novel and highly-efficient N-heterocycle assembly methodology catalyzed by a cobalt-N,N-bidentate complex via acceptorless dehydrogenation coupling of alcohols and amines has been established.
Leaving-group controlled N- or C-cyclization of azadienes via domino sequences: synthesis, mechanism, and chemoselectivity
Authors: Song Yuping , Zhang Gaoting , Zhang Youlai , Zhang Huan , Meng Xiangtai , Zhang Lei
Published: July 2022

We reported a leaving-group controlled N- or C-cyclization of azadienes bearing a benzothiophene moiety. Density functional calculations revealed that the competition of two cyclizations was governed by the nature of the leaving group on the partner.
Constructing a novel heterostructure of NiSe2/CoSe2 nanoparticles with boosted sodium storage properties for sodium-ion batteries
Authors: Zheng Hui , Wang Jianyi , Li Hongwei , Deng Shuqi , Zuo Yinze , Yan Wei , Zhang Jiujun
Published: July 2022

A heterostructure of NiSe2/CoSe2 nanoparticles is well designed via a very facile strategy as an anode for high-performance sodium-ion batteries.
The dynamic power allocation to maximize the achievable sum rate for massive MIMO‐NOMA systems
Authors: Amirifar Zahra , Abouei Jamshid
Published: July 2022

The demand of mobile networks and quality of service have recently increased to higher Spectral Efficiency (SE) or Energy Efficiency (EE) and massive connectivity for 5G wireless communications. The concept of beamforming Multiple‐Input Multiple‐Output (MIMO) is capable of significantly reducing the amount of required Radio Frequency Chains (RFCs) used by massive MIMO systems without remarkable performance loss. However, in existing beamformed MIMO, the amount of supported devices cannot be higher than the amount of RFCs using the same time‐frequency resources, and it is the basic limit for these systems. To address this issue, non‐orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) has been recently recommended, which can accommodate higher covered using via non‐orthogonal resource allocation. Nevertheless, power allocation is a core factor of the NOMA scheme. However, maximizing the sum rate problem based on power allocation in Massive MIMO‐NOMA scenarios is non‐convex and non‐linear, which creates a very challenging situation to acquire the closed‐form approach. Thus, in this paper, an approach to this difficulty is outlined for Massive MIMO‐NOMA systems to maximize the sum rate as a convex and linear problem. Simulation results of the suggested Beamformed MIMO‐NOMA (BMN) algorithm show that a higher achievable sum rate is achieved compared with the usual beamformed MIMO.
Governor controller improvement to enhance SSSG performance in presence of electrical arc furnace
Authors: Bekhradian Reza , Sanaye‐Pasand Majid , Davarpanah Mahdi , Kor Yashar
Published: July 2022

Electrical Arc Furnaces (EAFs) consume time‐varying power. This causes mechanical torque variations in the nearby small scale synchronous generators (SSSGs) and reduces their life expectancy. In this paper, an appropriate EAF model is implemented and verified by using field measurements. Moreover, an actual distribution system to which an SSSG is connected to supply industrial loads including an EAF is investigated based on time‐domain simulation studies. To enhance dynamic performance of the SSSG adjacent to an EAF load, two novel approaches are presented in this paper. The first method is utilized for proper adjustment of governor controller parameters. Analytical and simulation‐based studies are accomplished to determine proper parameters of the SSSG conventional governor controller to mitigate the mechanical oscillations caused by EAF. These comprehensive investigations reveal that the governor PI controller proportional parameter should be adjusted as small as possible to mitigate the SSSG oscillations; while, the oscillations are fairly independent of integrator parameter. Besides, the integrator parameter should be set as high as possible to improve the SSSG dynamic performance. Moreover, a new modified SSSG governor controller including steady‐state and transient control loops is developed and a novel control strategy is proposed to enhance steady‐state and transient performance of SSSG. Finally, robustness and effectiveness of the proposed controller and its parameters are investigated using field measured EAF current signals for various transients. It should be noted that the proposed strategies of this paper can be also applied to similar cases where a nonlinear time varying load is connected to an SSSG.
Atomic diffusion and turbulent mixing in solar-like stars: Impact on the fundamental properties of FG-type stars
Authors: Moedas Nuno , Deal Morgan , Bossini Diego , Campilho Bernardo
Published: July 2022

Context. Chemical composition is an important factor that affects stellar evolution. The element abundance on the stellar surface evolves along the lifetime of the star because of transport processes, including atomic diffusion. However, models of stars with masses higher than about 1.2 M⊙ predict unrealistic variations at the stellar surface. This indicates the need for competing transport processes that are mostly computationally expensive for large grids of stellar models.

Aims. The purpose of this study is to implement turbulent mixing in stellar models and assess the possibility of reproducing the effect of radiative accelerations with turbulent mixing for elements like iron in order to make the computation of large grids possible.

Methods. We computed stellar models with the Module for Experiments in Stellar Astrophysics code and assessed the effects of atomic diffusion (with radiative acceleration) in the presence of turbulent mixing. Starting from a turbulent mixing prescription already calibrated on helium surface abundances of F-type stars as a reference, we parametrised the effect of radiative accelerations on iron with a turbulent diffusion coefficient. Finally, we tested this parametrisation by modelling two F-type stars of the Kepler Legacy sample.

Results. We found that, for iron, a parametrisation of turbulent mixing that simulates the effect of radiative acceleration is possible. This leads to an increase in the efficiency of the turbulent mixing to counteract the effect of gravitational settling. This approximation does not affect significantly the surface abundances of the other elements we studied, except for oxygen and calcium. We demonstrate that this parametrisation has a negligible impact on the accuracy of the seismic properties inferred with these models. Moreover, turbulent mixing makes the computation of realistic F-type star models including the effect atomic diffusion possible. This leads to differences of about 10% in the inferred ages compared to results obtained with models that neglect these processes.

Conclusions. The inclusion of turbulent mixing and atomic diffusion with radiative accelerations allows a more realistic characterisation of F-type stars. The parametrisation of the effect of radiative acceleration on iron opens the possibility to compute larger grids of stellar models in a reasonable amount of time, which is currently difficult when the different chemical transport mechanisms, especially radiative accelerations, are considered, although this parametrisation cannot simulate the evolution of abundances of all elements (e.g. calcium).
GaiaData Release 3
Authors: Halbwachs Jean-Louis , Pourbaix Dimitri , Arenou Frédéric , Galluccio Laurent , Guillout Patrick , Bauchet Nathalie , Marchal Olivier , Sadowski Gilles , Teyssier David
Published: July 2022

Context.TheGaiaEarly Data Release 3 contained the positions, parallaxes, and proper motions of 1.5 billion sources, some of which did not show a good fit to the ‘single star’ model. Binarity is one of the causes of this.

Aims.Four million of these stars were selected and various models were tested to detect binary stars and to derive their parameters.

Methods.We used a preliminary treatment to discard the partially resolved double stars and to correct the transits for perspective acceleration. We then investigated whether the measurements show a good fit to an acceleration model with or without jerk. We tried the orbital model when the fit of any acceleration model was beyond our acceptance criteria. We also tried a Variability-Induced Mover (VIM) model when the star was photometrically variable. A final selection was made in order to keep only solutions that probably correspond to the real nature of the stars.

Results.Following our analysis, 338 215 acceleration solutions, about 165 500 orbital solutions, and 869 VIM solutions were retained. In addition, formulae for calculating the uncertainties of the Campbell orbital elements from orbital solutions expressed in Thiele-Innes elements are given in an appendix.