bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cadre climatique et environnemental des acheuléens de la grotte du Lazaret, à Nice. Données paléontologiques, biogéochimiques et radiométriques établies sur les faunes de vertébrés et d’invertébrés
Authors: Valensi Patricia , Bailon Salvador , Michel Véronique , Desclaux Emmanuel , Rousseau Louis , Onoratini Gérard , Genty Dominique , Blamart Dominique , Lumley Henry de
Published: March 2016

L’évolution climatique et environnementale enregistrée dans la grotte du Lazaret a été établie à partir de l’étude des faunes des vertébrés (mammifères, amphibiens, reptiles) et des mollusques marins, et placée dans le cadre chronologique du Quaternaire. Les faunes de vertébrés permettent d’attribuer les dépôts archéologiques (complexe C) à la dernière période glaciaire du Pléistocène moyen (OIS 6). Leurs exigences écologiques mettent en évidence une certaine variété de paysages continentaux et un climat plus frais et plus humide que l’actuel climat méditerranéen. L’étude 18O‰ des mollusques marins d’origine anthropique a montré que lors du dépôt de ces formations continentales, la température de la Méditerranée était globalement plus froide que celle de la mer actuelle et surtout des mers transgressives des stades isotopiques 7 et 5e enregistrées dans le site et à proximité. La présence de littorines nordiques (L. fabalis et L. saxatilis) dans les ensembles stratigraphiques C II sup. et surtout C III, confirme ce refroidissement amorcé au stade 6,4, amplifié au stade 6,2 avec un petit adoucissement lors du dépôt de l’unité archéostratigraphique UA25 (stade 6,3). La méthode ESR/U-Th combinée appliquée à l’émail dentaire de cerfs confirme l’attribution de l’ensemble stratigraphique C II supérieur au stade isotopique 6 de l’oxygène. Les résultats sont compatibles avec les repères chronologiques sous et sus-jacents au complexe stratigraphique C, que constituent d’une part, le niveau marin B inférieur dont l’âge maximal est de 238 ka et d’autre part, le plancher stalagmitique supérieur E qui se serait formé au cours des stades isotopiques 5, 4 et 3 d’après les datations U-Th.
Woodland in the middle Ebro valley (Spain). Dendrological analysis of archaeological timber from Bell Baker and Iron Age periods
Authors: Carrión Marco Yolanda
Published: March 2016

In this paper, the results of the dendrological analysis of timber from three archaeological sites are presented. This material comes from the wooden structures of different kinds of buildings (houses, walls and a funerary dolmen). For this task, a small number of vegetal species were used. Dendrological analyses are perfectly adapted to this research, since ecological, climatic and human events can be inferred from the observation and measurement of tree growth-rings. To implement the method in this region is particularly interesting because of the lack of palaeoenvironmental studies. Micro- and macroscopic observation of wood charcoal enables wood identification: mainly pine and juniper were selected for timber from among all the species identified from charcoal analyses in other archeological contexts (fireplaces, occupation levels, etc.). The samples with a longer radius were measured on a dendrological bench. Generally, the growth rate was very low in most of the specimens.
Le mobilier en verre du site de la Grotta Piatta (Aregno, Haute-Corse) : composition chimique et chronotypologie
Authors: Marchetti Marie-Laurence , Gratuze Bernard
Published: March 2016

La Grotta Piatta est un site funéraire protohistorique découvert sur la côte Nord occidentale de la Balagne. Un nombre important de perles en verre y a été révélé. Sur les trois cent soixante-neuf pièces recueillies, une vingtaine a fait l’objet d’analyses pour déterminer leur composition ainsi que leur provenance. L’analyse a mis en évidence l’origine proche orientale de la pâte de verre utilisée comme matière première ; trois grands groupes ont été distingués, par rapport aux fondants et aux sables utilisés dans leur composition. Cependant, certains éléments ont montré des particularités. Chronologiquement, ce mobilier peut être rattaché à un contexte postérieur au iie siècle av. J.-C. et postérieur au ier siècle de notre ère, pour trois éléments se distinguant.
Archéologie préventive et évolution du paysage végétal de l’Âge du Fer au Moyen Âge dans le Gâtinais : mise en évidence de culture de chanvre et d’activités de rouissage (Courcelles et Sceaux-en-Gâtinais, Loiret, France)
Authors: Joly Camille , Visset Lionel , Scaon Camille , Pont-Tricoire Corinne , Froquet-Uzel Hélène
Published: March 2016

Dans le cadre de la construction de l’autoroute A19, des fouilles archéologiques préventives ont été menées dans le Gâtinais et deux d’entre elles ont été associées à des études paléoenvironnementales. Le premier site se localise dans la vallée de la Rimarde (Courcelles, Loiret). Les prélèvements jouxtent une occupation du Néolithique ancien, des cercles funéraires de l’Âge du Bronze final et une nécropole carolingienne, mais la séquence sédimentaire ne débute qu’au cours de l’Hallstatt. Le paysage est très ouvert, dominé par les pratiques agro-pastorales qui connaissent un important essor et une diversification au Bas Empire (céréales, noyer et chanvre), puis leur apogée au Haut Moyen Âge. Au Moyen Âge Central, la culture du seigle et celle du lin apparaissent dans le paysage agricole. Le second sondage se localise près du ruisseau de Maurepas (Sceaux-du-Gâtinais, Loiret), aux abords d’une voie et de restes de bâtiments de l’époque gallo-romaine. Dès le début de l’Âge du Fer, la céréaliculture et les activités pastorales sont très présentes. La végétation de ripisylve, d’abord entretenue, subit ensuite des coupes importantes au Bas Empire, probablement en relation avec le fort développement des activités agricoles, notamment celui de la culture du chanvre, et des pratiques de rouissage. Avec le net recul de ces activités chanvrières, le site est envahi par la cariçaie et devient tourbeux.
Le pigment d’aérinite dans deux peintures murales romanes du Sud-Ouest de la France
Authors: Daniel Floréal , Laborde Barbara , Mounier Aurélie , Coulon Émilie
Published: March 2016

L’inventaire des peintures murales où le pigment d’aérinite a été employé, correspond chronologiquement à la période de l’art roman et géographiquement, jusqu’ici, à une zone, au sud des Pyrénées, qui coïncide avec les gisements locaux de ce minéral argileux en Catalogne et en Aragon. La découverte en France, pour la première fois, de ce pigment dans les peintures de la chapelle de l’ancien logis abbatial de Moissac (xiie siècle, Tarn-et-Garonne) et dans celles de l’église Saint-Nicolas de Nogaro (fin xie siècle, Gers), ainsi que les relations iconographiques et stylistiques de ces sites avec les sites espagnols, sont des indices de la circulation des ateliers et/ou des matières premières entre le nord de l’Espagne et le sud de la France à l’époque médiévale.De plus, ce pigment apparaît sous des nuances variant du bleu profond au vert, comme c’est le cas à Saint-Nicolas de Nogaro, ce qui entraîne souvent une confusion avec l’emploi de terres vertes. Plusieurs facteurs peuvent expliquer ces différences de ton : l’origine du minéral, la granulométrie, l’état d’oxydation du fer constitutif de cette argile, l’état de déshydratation…Nous avons d’une part, comparé et analysé par différentes méthodes physico-chimiques des échantillons issus de gisements en France, Espagne et Maroc. Cette caractérisation, notamment par micro-spectrométrie Raman, a servi de référence pour l’identification de ce pigment dans les deux peintures murales médiévales françaises. D’autre part, des mesures de couleur après chauffage de l’aérinite en atmosphère oxydante ont mis en évidence que le processus de déshydratation entraîne les variations de couleur du minéral. Il s’avère que la couleur verte ou « verdâtre » de l’aérinite peut être soit d’origine naturelle (et dépendant du gisement), soit provoquée par la chauffe volontaire du minéral à 400°C.
Escrita nas pedras, escrita no papel
Authors: Hugh-Jones Stephen
Published: March 2016

Esta contribuição se refere a como a história-mito do noroeste da Amazônia se estrutura e é memorizada; como ela pode surgir tanto em formas verbais quanto em não verbais e como os documentos atuais escritos demonstram a continuidade destas formas tradicionais.O capítulo analisa a relação entre os diferentes tipos de discurso e música indígena, o que inclui histórias narrativas, cantos rituais, benzimentos xamânicos, canções para danças e música instrumental, além de várias formas iconográficas que incluem os petróglifos, as fachadas pintadas de casas cerimoniais, os desenhos em cestarias e as corredeiras, rochas e outras características da paisagem entendidas em termos gráficos. Minha inspiração veio do trabalho de Severi, mas também discuto aqui o que vejo como algumas limitações no princípio quimérico como uma explanação geral da relevância e da memorização de elementos iconográficos. Como ocorre na Europa, também sugiro ampliar a ‘iconografia’ ameríndia e a arte da memória a fim de incluir características da arquitetura e da paisagem.Em vez de adotar distinções rígidas entre as diferentes formas de narrativa, tais como o mito e a história, entre o que é e o que não é a ‘verdadeira escrita’ ou de estabelecer fortes distinções entre povos com e sem escrita, argumento ser mais interessante e rentável focar em como os vários sistemas mnemônicos, entendidos mais amplamente como ‘escritas’, trabalham junto com formas diferentes de narrativas que podem ser incluídas em uma categoria expandida de ‘mito’.Quando entendidos desta forma, ‘escrita’ e ‘mito’ não apenas correspondem mais intimamente às noções indígenas, mas também lançam uma nova luz sobre documentos escritos contemporâneos produzidos por autores indígenas.Esses documentos incluem compilações de narrativas sagradas, livros escolares, mapas, calendários e diagramas elaborados por autores indígenas das línguas Tukano e Arawak. Produzidos como parte de programas de pesquisa e de educação que buscam revitalizar a cultura indígena e apoiar a reivindicação territorial, estes documentos híbridos conjugam características da ‘escrita’ indígena a formas ocidentais mais convencionais.
Cartographies du Cosmos
Authors: Cesarino Pedro de Niemeyer
Published: March 2016

Comment comprendre la consolidation, quelque peu subite, d’une iconographie liée au chamanisme et à la mythologie d’un peuple amazonien ? Quelles relations établit-elle avec ses arts de la parole ? Quel est le régime de mémoire impliqué dans ses processus de transmission ? Voilà quelques-unes des questions que pose cet article, en élaborant une réflexion autour d’expressions poétiques et esthétiques du chamanisme marubo. Nous allons analyser ici un ensemble sélectionné de dessins qui évoque d’autres iconographies amérindiennes. Il semblerait que les chamanes (chanteurs et dessinateurs) actualisent dans leurs productions des configurations de pensée préalables. Les pages qui suivent visent à établir quels paramètres rendent possibles ces actualisations, dont la compréhension nécessite un ajustement de nos catégories analytiques.
Cartografias do cosmos
Authors: de Niemeyer Cesarino Pedro
Published: March 2016

Este artigo pretende explorar a relação entre as artes verbais dos Marubo (falantes de Pano da Amazônia ocidental) e um repertório de desenhos elaborados por xamãs. Esquemas cosmográficos visuais, os desenhos possuem afinidades com outras tecnologias ameríndias da memória, também marcadas pelo trânsito entre expressões verbais e gráficas. Realizados a pedido do antropólogo, tal repertório de imagens atualiza no suporte gráfico uma composição formular, paralelística e metafórica altamente padronizada. A análise das composições visuais é conduzida em paralelo ao estudo das fórmulas poéticas xamanísticas, levando em conta os problemas da memória, da transmissão, aprendizagem e aquisição do conhecimento especializado. O estudo da interface entre imagens e artes verbais se articula a elementos da cosmologia, das noções de pessoa e do pensamento xamanístico marubo.
Dinâmica migratória dos pobres na região metropolita de Belo Horizonte: produção da periferia metropolitana
Authors: Canettieri Thiago , Fernandes Duval Magalhães
Published: March 2016

Os padrões migratórios metropolitanos merecem destaque nos estudos populacionais em especial quando a dinâmica metropolitana é colocada em primazia no contexto da atual organização regional do Brasil. Nesse sentido é necessário compreender as diferenças existentes internamente na função que cada município desempenha e, bem como, explorar diferenciais dos padrões migratórios entre os grupos populacionais. Um destes grupos que merece atenção se refere à população de baixa renda que cumpre papel fundamental na produção do espaço metropolitano contemporâneo. A separação de renda determina o tipo de fluxo migratório realizado. O presente trabalho apresenta uma análise referente ao padrão migratório da população abaixo da linha da pobreza que realiza nos anos de 2000 e 2010 a partir dos dados censitários. A pesquisa demonstra a mudança da distribuição dos fluxos entre os anos de 2000 e 2010 que podem estar relacionadas a dinâmica urbana da região metropolitana que (re)produz a segregação espacial em uma escala mais ampla.
L’Amazonie entre les myriades d’expériences et les politiques publiques dominantes
Authors: Mello-Théry Neli Aparecida de
Published: March 2016

Cet article analyse le défi de penser à un nouveau modèle de développement pour l'Amazonie brésilienne, en particulier ceux qui concernent l'action publique contemporaine. Région qui se situe au carrefour de plusieurs tentatives qui coexistent parfois mais qui se sont souvent opposées, l'Amazonie brésilienne est d'une part l'objet de décisions, d'actions publiques et privées dominantes qui répètent les modèles traditionnels de développement économique à tout prix. D'autre part, depuis les années 1990, elle est le site de centaines d'expériences dites de développement durable. Entre ces deux mondes contradictoires, une population locale et des migrants appellent à la reconnaissance de leurs besoins et de leurs visions du développement.
Mulheres brasileiras: relações de classe, de “raça” e de gênero no mundo do trabalho
Authors: Hirata Helena
Published: March 2016

O artigo apresenta as convergências e diferenças principais entre a situação das mulheres no Brasil e na França. Para essa comparação, ele parte da analise da divisão sexual do trabalho profissional e doméstico nos dois países, e da relação entre vida familiar e vida profissional. Também compara as diferentes modalidades de precarizaçao social e do trabalho que afetam desigualmente as mulheres brasileiras e francesas.
Description of Dimensional Change for Energy and Magnetic Properties of Ultrathin Magnetic Films Based on Critical Behavior Characteristics
Authors: Prudnikova Irina A. , Mamonova M.V. , Prudnikov Vladimir V.
Published: March 2016

Theoretical description of multilayer ferromagnetic films from Fe, Co, and Ni transition metals on a nonmagnetic metal substrate is considered by the spin-density functional method. The energy and magnetic characteristics of multilayer films are calculated for surface systems Fe (110)/W(110), Fe (110)/Ag (111), Ni (111)/Cu (111), and Сo (111)/Cu (111) in dependence on film thickness for different temperatures, based on critical behavior characteristics of films.
Diffuse Scattering on Ising Chain with Competing Interactions
Authors: Zarubin Alexander V. , Kassan-Ogly Felix , Proshkin Alexey I.
Published: March 2016

We considered the Ising 1D chain in an external magnetic field taking into account the nearest and next-nearest interactions. By the method of Kramers–Wannier transfer-matrix, the rigorous analytical expression for Fourier-transform of pair spin-spin correlation function was obtained, and the temperature evolution of the scattering was analyzed for various relations of exchange parameters.
Magnetism of Fe-Al Alloys in Spin Density Fluctuation Theory
Authors: Radzivonchik Danil I. , Grebennikov Vladimir I.
Published: March 2016

The electron spin density fluctuation theory is developed for disordered alloys. The model contains two types of magnetic atoms characterized by different intra-atomic exchange interactions because of their different nearest neighborhood. The microscopic approach allow us to describe the various temperature behaviors of the magnetization of the Fe-Al alloys (25 - 32 at.% Al) observed in experiments. Competition parallel and antiparallel orientations of subsystems Fe(1) and Fe(2) gives rise to a diverse and anomalous temperature behavior of magnetism in partially and strongly disordered alloys.
Matrix Nuclear Radiation GaAs Detectors Simulation
Authors: Tokareva Eketerina , Koltsov Gennadiy , Burtebaev Nurnaz , Didenko Sergey , Legotin Sergey , Rabinovich Oleg
Published: March 2016

Using computer programs Elmer FEM Solver for calculating electric fields and Geant4 for the passage simulation of particles through matter, calculations of charge collection efficiency for nuclear radiation matrix detector based on GaAs p-i-n diodes with different distances between pixels 110 microns and 50 microns were made. Based on data obtained detector structure optimization solution, which improves energy resolution, is proposed.
Elastic Properties of Charge Stabilized Colloidal Crystals with Simple Cubic Lattice
Authors: Dyshlovenko Pavel , Batanova Anastasia , Gladkova Elena , Nagatkin Alexey , Nizametdinov Azat
Published: March 2016

Elasticity of charge stabilized colloidal crystals is studied numerically within the approximation of static lattice. Description of the colloidal systems is based on the non-linear differential Poisson-Boltzmann equation. Corresponding boundary value problems are solved numerically by finite element method. The equilibrium pressure and elastic moduli are obtained for different values of the lattice parameter. The many-body effective interactions are briefly discussed.
Structure and Properties of Diamond-Like Phases
Authors: Greshnyakov Vladimir , Belenkov Evgeniy A.
Published: March 2016

The geometrically optimized structures of twenty three carbon diamond-like phases obtained by linking graphene layers, carbon nanotubes, and three-dimensional graphites has been calculated using the density functional theory method and the structural parameters, densities, sublimation energies, electronic properties, and bulk moduli have been calculated.
Structures and Electronic Properties of Graphyne Layers
Authors: Belenkova Tatyana , Chernov Vladimir , Mavrinskii Viktor
Published: March 2016

Theoretical scheme is proposed for obtaining layered compounds consisting of carbon atoms in the sp-and sp2-hybridized states. This scheme is used to find the possibility of existing the seven basic structural modifications of graphyne: α-, β1-, β2-, β3-, γ1-, γ2-, and γ3-graphyne. The basic structural modifications of graphyne contain diatomic polyyne chains and consist only of carbon atoms in two different crystallographically equivalent states. Other nonbasic structural modifications of graphyne can be formed via the elongation of the carbyne chains and via the formation of graphyne layers with a mixed structure consisting of basic layer fragments. The geometrical optimization of the structure and the calculation of energy characteristics and electronic properties of graphyne layers were performed using ab initio calculations based on the density functional theory in the generalized gradient approximation. The energy of sublimation is found to be maximal for γ graphynes, which should be the most stable structural modifications of graphyne.
Reversible Metal/Dielectric Phase Transition of Metal/Polymer Structures in Magnetic Field: Tuning the Sign of Magnetoresistance
Authors: Vorob'eva Natalya V. , Lachinov Aleksei N.
Published: March 2016

Abrupt phase transitions in the structure of ferromagnet/ electroactive polymer/ non-magnetic metal have been found in the number of studies in magnetic field as huge magnetoresistive effects. The sign of magnetoresistance depends on the conductivity state that the polymer has possessed at the beginning of the experiment.The ways of managing of metal/ dielectric phase transition in the polymer layer with the aid of weak external magnetic field are considered. The model of local conversion of charge mobility in the conductive channels is suggested.
Crystal Structure and Magnetic Ordering in Multiferroic (0.9)BiFeO3 + (0.1)BaTiO3
Authors: Lee Seong Su , Semkin Mikhail A. , Pirogov Alexander N.
Published: March 2016

Neutron diffraction has been carried out to study temperature evolution of crystal and magnetic structure parameters of the multiferroic (0.9)BiFeO3 + (0.1)BaTiO3 over region (300 – 1000) K. Crystal structure is rhombohedral over whole temperature region and it is described by the R3c space group. The lattice parameters increase with temperature. The Ba ions are placed in the Bi sublattice and the Ti ions partly occupy the Fe sublattice. Assuming that the sample has a modulated magnetic structure with the propagation vector k = [0.0045, 0.0045, 0], we obtained a temperature dependence of the Fe-ion magnetic moment. The value of the moment is equaled to be μ = (3.46 ± 0.05) μB at 300 K and becomes zero at 600 K.
Ferroelectric and Magnetic Domain Walls in High Temperature Multiferroic Films and Heterostructures
Authors: Gareeva Z.V. , Zvezdin A.K. , Gareev T.T.
Published: March 2016

In the last decade, considerable attention has been focused on the search of new multiferroic materials and the ways of improvement of their magnetoelectric properties. In this short review, we survey the progress in study of multiferroics focusing the high temperature multiferroic bismuth ferrite and rare earth iron garnets. We discuss the recent results of investigation of domain walls in multiferroics, concentrating the most important magnetoelectric manifestations (electric polarization and magnetization), and the pinning effect appearing as clamping of ferroelectric and magnetic domain walls.
Peculiarities of Non-Equilibrium Critical Behavior for 3D Diluted Ising Model with Evolution from Low-Temperature Initial State
Authors: Prudnikov Vladimir V. , Prudnikov Pavel V. , Pospelov Evgenii A. , Malyarenko Petr N.
Published: March 2016

The Monte Carlo description of aging properties in nonequilibrium critical behaviour of 3D site-diluted Ising model is considered with evolution from ordered initial state with wide range of spin concentrations. At first, it was shown, that pinning of domain walls on defects leeds to a sharp change of aging properties in diluted systems in comparison with pure system. Therefore, the asymptotic value of the fluctuation-dissipative relation becomes equal to null for diluted systems, while for pure system = 0.784(5).
MicroRNA-487b Is a Negative Regulator of Macrophage Activation by Targeting IL-33 Production
Authors: Xiang Yang , Eyers Fiona , Herbert Cristan , Tay Hock L. , Foster Paul S. , Yang Ming
Published: March 2016

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short noncoding RNAs that regulate a broad spectrum of biological processes, including immune responses. Although the contributions of miRNAs to the function of immune cells are beginning to emerge, their specific roles remain largely unknown. IL-33 plays an important role in macrophage activation for innate host defense and proinflammatory responses. In this study, we report that miR-487b can suppress the levels of mRNA and protein for IL-33 during the differentiation of bone marrow–derived macrophages (BMDMs). This results in inhibition of IL-33–induced expression of Ag-presenting and costimulatory molecules and proinflammatory mediators. A luciferase assay showed that miR-487b binds to the IL-33 3′-untranslated region. We also confirmed that IL-33 directly promotes the activation of BMDMs by increasing the expression of MHC class I, MHC class II, CD80/CD86, and inducible NO synthase (iNOS) in a dose-dependent manner. Exposure of BMDMs to the TLR4 ligand, LPS, decreased miR-487b expression, increased IL-33 transcript levels, and induced the production of proinflammatory mediators (e.g., iNOS, IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α). Treatment with a specific inhibitor of miR-487b function also resulted in increased levels of IL-33 mRNA, which augmented LPS-induced expression of these inflammatory mediators in macrophages. Collectively, our results indicate that miR-487b plays a negative regulatory role in macrophages by controlling the levels of IL-33 transcript and protein to fine-tune innate immune host defense and proinflammatory responses of these cells. Thus, miR-487b plays an important role in the regulation of macrophage homeostasis and activation by targeting IL-33 transcripts.
Dietary effects of oregano (Origanum vulgaris L.) plant or sweet chestnut (Castanea sativa Mill.) wood extracts on microbiological, chemical-physical characteristics and lipid oxidation of cooked ham during storage
Authors: Ranucci David , Miraglia Dino , Trabalza-Marinucci Massimo , Acuti Gabriele , Codini Michela , Ceccarini Maria Rachele , Forte Claudio , Branciari Raffaella
Published: March 2016

The aim of this study was to evaluate the dietary effect of feeding pigs with diets enriched with sweet chestnut wood (Castanea sativa Mill.) or oregano (Origanum vulgaris L.) extract on the microbiological and chemical characteristics of cooked pork ham. Three groups of 10 pigs were fed with a control diet (CTRL), with the CTRL diet enriched with 0.2% of oregano extract (OR) and with the CTRL diet enriched with 0.2% of sweet chestnut wood extract (SCW), respectively. Six cooked hams per group were produced, sliced and packaged under a modified atmosphere (N2:CO2=80:20) and stored at refrigeration temperature (4±1°C). Three packages per cooked ham were sampled for analyses at three different storage times (0, 10 and 20 days). At day 0 time, antioxidant capacity of the products (ORACFL assay) and chemical composition were performed. At each sampling time, from all the samples the following analyses were performed: Total Microbial Count (TMC), Lactic Acid Bacteria count (LAB), Enterobacteriaceae count, Listeria monocytogenes, pH value, colour coordinates (L*, a*, b*), total basic volatile nitrogen (TBVN) and thio-barbituric reactive substances (TBARs) determinations. No differences in TMC, LAB and Enterobacteriaceae count, pH, TBVN, chemical composition and L* values were registered between the three groups at all the sampling times considered. No Listeria monocytogenes was detected in the samples tested. Significant differences were registered for ORACFL at 0 days, a* and b* values and TBARs value at 10 and 20 days of storage, with higher values for ORACFL, a* and b* values and lower values for TBARs in SCW and OR than CTRL. No antimicrobial effect could be recorded for OR and SCW but a higher oxidative stability, also highlighted by the colour maintenance, was observed in both OR and SCW.
Meat juice serology for Toxoplasma gondii infection in chickens
Authors: Vismarra Alice , Mangia Carlo , Barilli Elena , Brindani Franco , Bacci Cristina , Kramer Laura
Published: March 2016

Toxoplasma gondii is an important food-borne zoonoses. Free-range chickens are at particularly high risk of infection and are also excellent indicators of soil contamination by oocysts. In the present study, hearts of 77 free-range chickens were collected at slaughter. T. gondii meat juice ELISA was performed with a commercial kit, following validation with positive controls, from experimentally infected chickens, and negative ones. Out of 77 samples, only 66 gave sufficient meat juice for serology. Of these, 24 (36.4%) were positive for T. gondii considering the 5*SD values (calculated on the OD of negative controls) while all the samples were negative considering S/P% values. Parasite-specific PCR was carried out on all samples obtained from heart tissue and none were positive for the presence of T. gondii DNA. Results would suggest that further study on the use of meat juice with a validated serological test to detect T. gondii in chickens could lead to widespread epidemiological studies in this important intermediate host. However, sample collection and test specificity require further evaluation.
Isolation by sugar flotation has no direct effect on the hatching success of zooplankton resting eggs
Authors: Lukic Dunja , Vad Csaba F. , Horváth Zsófia
Published: March 2016

Zooplankton in temporary waters produces resting stages to survive recurrent dry periods. Branchiopod crustaceans (i.e., cladocerans, large branchiopods) overcome these periods in the form of resting eggs buried in the sediment. Examining the diversity in the resting egg banks allows for a more accurate estimation of biodiversity of aquatic ecosystems than looking only at the active communities. The isolation of resting eggs from the sediment may be achieved by the sugar flotation method, which usually results in higher density and diversity than untreated samples (i.e., incubated in the sediment). We tested the effect of sugar isolation and centrifugation on the hatching success of resting eggs already isolated from sediment in order to reveal any direct effects on hatching success. We used four different branchiopod species, Daphnia magna, Moina brachiata, Branchinecta orientalis, and Triops cancriformis. Although we hypothesised that osmotic stress caused by sugar and centrifuging influence the hatching success either positively (e.g., faster activation as a response to osmotic changes) or negatively (destroyed by centrifugation), we found no significant difference either in the timing or rate of hatching between centrifuged and non-centrifuged eggs. Once the eggs are exposed to light and/or oxygen availability by being removed from the sediment, the centrifugation process does not have any additional effect on their hatching. Regardless of treatment, we found a significant difference in the hatching timing in the two major groups, with large branchiopods hatching earlier than cladocerans. We found that the sugar flotation method itself does not influence the hatching fraction of branchiopod resting eggs (implying no adverse effect on their viability) and its success in enhancing hatching can be attributed to its efficiency in removing eggs from the sediment.
Erratum - The freshwater diaptomid copepod fauna (Crustacea: Copepoda: Diaptomidae) of the Western Ghats of Maharashtra with notes on distribution, species richness and ecology
Authors: Kulkarni Mihir R. , Pai Kalpana
Published: March 2016

This corrects the article entitled 'The freshwater diaptomid copepod fauna (Crustacea: Copepoda: Diaptomidae) of the Western Ghats of Maharashtra with notes on distribution, species richness and ecology' by the authors Mihir R. Kulkarni and Kalpana Pai, published with doi:10.4081/jlimnol.2015.1269. Two of the species reported were incorrectly identified in the earlier version, and the amendments with regard to their distribution and ecology are presented.
Management of severe Class II malocclusion with sequential modified twin block and fixed orthodontic appliances
Authors: Chowdhary Sonal
Published: March 2016

Functional appliance is an effective way of treating skeletal Class II malocclusion in children and adolescents. A 12 months stepwise mandibular advancement protocol with Herbst appliance has been proved to enhance condylar growth and improve mandibular prognathism. The present case report documents a 12-year-old boy presenting with Angle’s Class II, division 1 malocclusion associated with excessive overjet (11 mm), 100% deep bite, and retrognathic mandible. He was treated by a phase I growth modification therapy using twin block appliance with lip pads in a stepwise mandibular advancement protocol followed by a phase II preadjusted Edgewise appliance therapy.
Gravity-wave momentum fluxes in the mesosphere over Ascension Island (8° S, 14° W) and the anomalous zonal winds of the semi-annual oscillation in 2002
Authors: Moss Andrew C. , Wright Corwin J. , Davis Robin N. , Mitchell Nicholas J.
Published: March 2016

Abstract. Anomalously strong westward winds during the first phase of the equatorial mesospheric semi-annual oscillation (MSAO) have been attributed to unusual filtering conditions producing exceptional gravity-wave fluxes. We test this hypothesis using meteor-radar measurements made over Ascension Island (8° S, 14° W). An anomalous wind event in 2002 of −85.5 ms−1 occurred simultaneously with the momentum fluxes of high-frequency gravity waves reaching the largest observed westward values of −29 m2 s−2 and strong westward wind accelerations of −510 ms−1 day−1. However, despite this strong wave forcing during the event, no unusual filtering conditions or significant increases in wave-excitation proxies were observed. Further, although strong westward wave-induced accelerations were also observed during the 2006 MSAO first phase, there was no corresponding simultaneous response in westward wind. We thus suggest that strong westward fluxes/accelerations of high-frequency gravity waves are not always sufficient to produce anomalous first-phase westward MSAO winds and other forcing may be significant.
A sea surface temperature reconstruction for the southern Indian Ocean trade wind belt from corals in Rodrigues Island (19° S, 63° E)
Authors: Zinke J. , Reuning L. , Pfeiffer M. , Wassenburg J. , Hardman E. , Jhangeer-Khan R. , Davies G. R. , Ng C. K. C. , Kroon D.
Published: March 2016

Abstract. The western Indian Ocean has been warming rapidly over the past decades and this has adversely impacted the Asian Monsoon circulation. It is therefore of paramount importance to improve our understanding of links between Indian Ocean Sea Surface Temperature (SST) variability, climate change, and sustainability of reef ecosystems. Here we present two monthly-resolved coral Sr/Ca records (Totor, Cabri) from Rodrigues Island (63° E, 19° S) in the south-central Indian Ocean trade wind belt, and reconstruct SST based on the linear relationship with the Sr/Ca proxy. The records extend to 1781 and 1945, respectively. We assess the reproducibility of the Sr/Ca records, and potential biases in our reconstruction associated with the orientation of corallites. We quantify long-term SST trends and identify interannual relationships with the El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO). We conclude that careful screening for diagenesis and orientation of corallites is of paramount importance to assess the quality of Sr/Ca-based SST reconstructions. Our proxy records provide a reliable SST reconstruction between 1945 and 2006. We identify strong teleconnections with the ENSO/PDO over the past 60 years, eg. warming of SST during El Niño or positive PDO. We suggest that additional records from Rodrigues Island can provide excellent records of SST variations in the southern Indian Ocean trade wind belt and teleconnections with the ENSO/PDO on longer time scales.
An Internally Consistent Dataset of δ13C-DIC in the North Atlantic Ocean – NAC13v1
Authors: Becker Meike , Andersen Nils , Erlenkeuser Helmut , Humphreys Matthew. P. , Tanhua Toste , Körtzinger Arne
Published: March 2016

Abstract. The stable carbon isotope composition of dissolved inorganic carbon (δ13C-DIC) can be used to quantify fluxes within the carbon system. For example, knowing the δ13C-DIC signature of the inorganic carbon pool can help to describe the exchange between ocean and atmosphere as well as the amount of anthropogenic carbon in the water column. The measurements can also be used for evaluating modeled carbon fluxes, for making basin wide estimates, studying seasonal and interannual variability or decadal trends in interior ocean biogeochemistry. For all these purposes, it is not only important to have a sufficient amount of data, but these data must also be internally consistent and of high quality. In this study, we present a δ13C-DIC dataset for the North Atlantic, which has undergone secondary quality control. The data originate from oceanographic research cruises between 1981 and 2012. During a primary quality control step based on simple range tests obviously bad data were flagged. In a second quality control step, biases between measurements from different cruises were quantified through a crossover analysis using nearby data of the respective cruises and absolute values of biased cruises were adjusted in the data product. the crossover analysis was possible for 22 of the 29 cruises in our dataset and adjustments were applied to 10 of these. The internal accuracy of this dataset is 0.017 ‰. The dataset is available via CDIAC at http://cdiac.ornl.gov/oceans/ndp_096/NAC13v1.html, doi:10.3334/CDIAC/OTG.NAC13v1.
Hazard interaction analysis for multi-hazard risk assessment: a systematic classification based on hazard-forming environment
Authors: Liu Baoyin , Siu Yim Ling , Mitchell Gordon
Published: March 2016

Abstract. This paper develops a systematic hazard interaction classification based on the geophysical environment that natural hazards arise from – the hazard-forming environment. According to their contribution to natural hazards, geophysical environmental factors in the hazard-forming environment were categorized into two types. The first are relatively stable factors which construct the precondition for the occurrence of natural hazards, whilst the second are trigger factors, which determine the frequency and magnitude of hazards. Different combinations of geophysical environmental factors induce different hazards. Based on these geophysical environmental factors for some major hazards, the stable factors are used to identify which kinds of natural hazards influence a given area, and trigger factors are used to classify the relationships between these hazards into four types: independent, mutex, parallel and series relationships. This classification helps to ensure all possible hazard interactions among different hazards are considered in multi-hazard risk assessment. This can effectively fill the gap in current multi-hazard risk assessment methods which to date only consider domino effects. In addition, based on this classification, the probability and magnitude of multiple interacting natural hazards occurring together can be calculated. Hence, the developed hazard interaction classification provides a useful tool to facilitate improved multi-hazard risk assessment.
The darkening of the Greenland ice sheet: trends, drivers, and projections (1981–2100)
Authors: Tedesco Marco , Doherty Sarah , Fettweis Xavier , Alexander Patrick , Jeyaratnam Jeyavinoth , Stroeve Julienne
Published: March 2016

Abstract. The surface energy balance and meltwater production of the Greenland ice sheet (GrIS) are modulated by snow and ice albedo through the amount of absorbed solar radiation. Here we show, using space-borne multispectral data collected during the 3 decades from 1981 to 2012, that summertime surface albedo over the GrIS decreased at a statistically significant (99 %) rate of 0.02 decade−1 between 1996 and 2012. Over the same period, albedo modelled by the Modèle Atmosphérique Régionale (MAR) also shows a decrease, though at a lower rate ( ∼ −0.01 decade−1) than that obtained from space-borne data. We suggest that the discrepancy between modelled and measured albedo trends can be explained by the absence in the model of processes associated with the presence of light-absorbing impurities. The negative trend in observed albedo is confined to the regions of the GrIS that undergo melting in summer, with the dry-snow zone showing no trend. The period 1981–1996 also showed no statistically significant trend over the whole GrIS. Analysis of MAR outputs indicates that the observed albedo decrease is attributable to the combined effects of increased near-surface air temperatures, which enhanced melt and promoted growth in snow grain size and the expansion of bare ice areas, and to trends in light-absorbing impurities (LAI) on the snow and ice surfaces. Neither aerosol models nor in situ and remote sensing observations indicate increasing trends in LAI in the atmosphere over Greenland. Similarly, an analysis of the number of fires and BC emissions from fires points to the absence of trends for such quantities. This suggests that the apparent increase of LAI in snow and ice might be related to the exposure of a "dark band" of dirty ice and to increased consolidation of LAI at the surface with melt, not to increased aerosol deposition. Albedo projections through to the end of the century under different warming scenarios consistently point to continued darkening, with albedo anomalies averaged over the whole ice sheet lower by 0.08 in 2100 than in 2000, driven solely by a warming climate. Future darkening is likely underestimated because of known underestimates in modelled melting (as seen in hindcasts) and because the model albedo scheme does not currently include the effects of LAI, which have a positive feedback on albedo decline through increased melting, grain growth, and darkening.
El pluralismo y la diversidad en los contenidos (inter)culturales de los libros de texto para la enseñanza de inglés en los centros bilingües de Andalucía
Authors: López Jiménez María Dolores , Abello Contesse Christian
Published: March 2016

Hoy en día la enseñanza de contenidos (inter)culturales en aulas de L2 ha adquirido un papel cada vez más relevante, tal y como se evidencia en el programa de ‘Centros Bilingües’ dentro del ‘Plan de Fomento del Plurilingüismo’ (2005) en Andalucía (España). Este estudio investiga si el enfoque (inter)cultural que se emplea en un conjunto de 10 libros de texto para la enseñanza del inglés como lengua extranjera es pluralista y diversificado. En concreto, los libros de texto analizados se publicaron entre 2006 y 2012 y se usan actualmente en institutos de Enseñanza Secundaria Obligatoria dentro de la red de institutos bilingües en Andalucía. Se concluye que en estos libros los contenidos (inter)culturales referentes al mundo de habla inglesa tienden a ser selectivos y homogéneos y que estos materiales pedagógicos obligatorios en uso en el programa Centros Bilingües no fomentan el desarrollo del pluralismo ni de la diversidad (inter)culturales.
The grammaticalization and pragmaticalization of the Romanian indefinite pro-forms: a corpus-based approachThe grammaticalization and pragmaticalization of the Romanian indefinite pro-forms: a corpus-based approach
Authors: Preda Bodoc Alice , Ardeleanu Gomoescu Monica
Published: March 2016

The present paper aims to explore, and address some issues concerning the Romance diachronic morphosyntax in the light of theoretical and methodological considerations on the grammaticalization and pragmaticalization phenomena, and the question of linguistic change. Building on the previous work concerning grammaticalization, we intend to reveal a pragma-linguistic scenario that accounts for the actual situation of the Romanian indefinite compounds. We consider this subject to be very particular, meaning that the historical development of these pro-forms is not a canonical case of grammaticalization or pragmaticalization.
El discurso solidario. Análisis de los mensajes enviados a la telemaratón de tv3 a favor de las personas con enfermedades poco frecuentes
Authors: Requena Romero Samantha , Bañón Hernández Antonio M.
Published: March 2016

El debate social sobre la salud y la enfermedad tiene una presencia importante en los medios de comunicación. En este debate es normal encontrar tipos discursivos diversos desde el punto de vista valorativo; es decir, discursos en los se ofrece una mirada positiva, negativa, no positiva o no negativa en torno al tema del que se habla o a propósito de quienes pueden ser considerados actores protagonistas de ese tema. Uno de esos tipos de discurso es el comprometido o solidario. En el presente artículo, analizamos cómo expresan la solidaridad los espectadores de La Marató emitida por TV3 de Cataluña el día 13 de diciembre de 2009. Ese año, la recaudación fue dirigida a la investigación médica de las enfermedades poco frecuentes (EPF), que son aquellas que afectan a menos de 5 por 10.000 habitantes y que suelen ser crónicas y graves. Muchas de ellas son genéticas y apenas un 10 por ciento tienen tratamiento. Fueron enviados 422 mensajes de texto (SMS) al programa. Analizaremos todos los mensajes mandados por las personas afectadas por una EPF (28 en total) y por familiares de estas personas (21 en total), además de mensajes enviados por personas sin vinculación a este tipo de patologías (30 al comienzo del telemaratón, 30 en la parte central y 30 al final). En total, 139 SMS. Siguiendo las orientaciones del Análisis Crítico del Discurso, prestaremos especial atención a la materialización discursiva de dos dimensiones: la orientada a la implicación (que incluye actos de sensibilización, de petición u ofrecimiento, de agradecimiento o de reconocimiento) y la orientada a la información (que puede incorporar, fundamentalmente, actos de identificación, de localización, de salutación y de despedida).
Awareness of the Concept of Corporate Communication among the Youth: A Case of Equity Bank’s Social Responsibility Programmes in Kisii County, Kenya
Authors: Momanyi Elizabeth , Kurgat Kibiwott , Wabwire Jonai , Nyatuka Benard O.
Published: March 2016

As one of the components of corporate communication, corporate social responsibility (CSR) is gaining currency in both for-profit as well as not-for- profit organizations the world over as it enhances good corporate management and sustainable development. Although many corporations in Kenya are engaged in CSR activities, Equity Bank has tended to employ a more transformative approach. Majority of those who are targeted to benefit from the bank’s CSR programmes comprise the youth. However, there is very little known about the extent to which the public, including the youth, is aware of these programmes, particularly in Kisii Central sub-county of Kisii county, Kenya. Thus the study sought to fill this gap. The descriptive survey research design was used. The study population comprised 897 youths in the sub-county who had benefitted from the bank’s CSR programmes. Simple random sampling was used to select 180 of them to participate in the study. Additionally, five (5) respondents who were knowledgeable on the bank’s CSR programmes concerning youth empowerment were purposively involved as well. An interview guide and questionnaire were used to gather information to be analyzed. Descriptive statistics including frequencies, percentages and graphs were used to present the data. The study revealed that the level of awareness among youths of the bank’s range of CSR programmes was low. The study recommends that the youth be sensitized on all the bank’s CSR programmes. Apart from laying ground for further research, the findings are of great benefit to the concerned policy makers, academicians and other stakeholders.