bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The association of friedman's pathogenic emotions (AIAI) with current smoking, but not smoking history, in males suspected of coronary artery disease (CAD)
Authors: Ketterer Mark W. , Maercklein Gail H.
Published: June 2007

The role of Friedman's pathogenic emotions (aggravation, irritation, anger and impatience or AIAI) in the initiation or aggravation of ischemic coronary heart disease (ICHD) may be due to direct neural/neuroendocrine factors or to indirect influences on other risk factors, such as smoking. In two studies of independent samples, data collected during an initial interview with male patients undergoing coronary angiography included (a) packyears of smoking and (b) current smoking status. The Jenkins Activity Survey (JAS), Life Change Scale (LCS) and Ketterer Stress Symptom Frequency Checklist (KSSFC) were administered during the first study. A mean split comparing high versus low groupings on each of the psychometric scales demonstrated that patients displaying Type B (44 per cent versus 22 per cent), depressive (53 per cent versus 22 per cent), anxious (44 per cent versus 26 per cent) and AIAI (51 per cent versus 23 per cent) characteristics were more likely to be current smokers (p < 0.05) while not being any different from their counterparts in smoking history. In a second sample of 149 male angiography patients who were better educated and from a different region of the country, the KSSFC, Framingham Type A Scale, Cooke–Medley Hostility Scale (CHMS) and Perceived Social Support Scale were used. Only the AIAI (25 per cent versus 12 per cent) and CMHS (26 per cent versus 12 per cent) were positively associated with current smoking, again independent of any baseline difference in smoking history. Present results are most parsimoniously explained by the thesis that high levels of AIAI interfere with smoking cessation or relapse avoidance.
Evaluation of a meta‐cognitive strategy to improve the information gained from a stroke information pack
Authors: Lorenc Louise , Sturmey Peter , Brittain Helen
Published: June 2007

This study was designed to investigate the effectiveness of a meta‐cognitive strategy for processing information about stroke. Three groups of subjects who had recently suffered a stroke received either no information, an information booklet or an information booklet with instructions to monitor comprehension. Subjects receiving an information pack coupled with the meta‐cognitive strategy recalled significantly more information than the other groups. There were not differences on subjective measures such as consumer satisfaction.
‘The miserable hath no other medicine, but only hope’: Some conceptual considerations on hope and stress
Authors: Jacoby Rivka
Published: June 2007

This article focuses on the concept of hope, which is referred to by the literature as one of the positive variables aiding in the process of coping with stress. Two major existing approaches to the topic are mentioned: the dynamic and the cognitive‐behavioural. In addition, my own conceptualization of the subject is developed, trying to integrate these approaches with a developmental approach. The conceptualization is based on six major assumptions that emphasize the separation – individuation process.
Crisis intervention for attempted suicide in Shanghai, China
Authors: Jianlin Ji
Published: June 2007

Suicide, which is a common problem in China, is attracting more attention from Chinese psychiatrists at present. This study reports on the demographic characteristics of 75 suicide attempters and discusses the effects of crisis intervention (CI) management of these people in Shanghai. Most of them are under 35 years of age and have very poor relationships with their partners and parents. It appears that 77.3 per cent of the attempters can improve and are able to cope with stressful events through supportive psychotherapy and brief problem‐oriented psychotherapeutic management. The author suggests that CI can be an immediate, effective and practical approach when used to prevent suicide and parasuicide in the community in China.
A study of occupational stress among government white‐collar workers in Brazil using the occupational stress indicator
Authors: Renault Moraes Lucio F. De , Swan Jacky A. , Cooper Cary L.
Published: June 2007

Reports investigating occupational stress in Brazil have suffered from a paucity of Brazilian stress measurement tools. This article reports a detailed examination of occupational stress among white‐collar workers in a medium‐sized Brazilian government organization, using a Brazilian‐Portuguese translation of the Occupational Stress Indicator (OSI). This indicator is used widely in the UK, Europe and in the US, and measures major sources of pressure at work, stress outcome variables (job satisfaction, mental and physical health) and individual difference variables (Type A behaviour, locus of control, and coping strategies). These individual difference variables are purported to mediate the relationship between the sources of pressure and stress outcomes. Additional independent measures of the stress outcome variables were used along with measures of personal demographics. The findings suggest that these Brazilian workers experience more sources of pressure and use fewer coping strategies than a normative comparison group comprising UK workers, though it is not clear whether these differences are unique to the Brazilian organization in the study or due to differences in stress cross‐nationally. Thirty‐one to forty‐year‐olds reported greater sources of stress than either younger or older workers, but age did not independently predict stress outcomes. Females tended to report higher sources of stress, poorer health and lower job satisfaction than males, and sex also independently predicted health and job satisfaction on some measures of these variables. Those with degrees reported greater sources of stress and lower job satisfaction than those without degrees, but educational level did not independently predict the stress outcome variables whereas job type did predict job satisfaction, with those in managerial jobs generally being more satisfied than those in clerical or in technical jobs. This latter group were the least satisfied and experienced the greatest sources of stress. Other predictors of job satisfaction included locus of control, Type A behaviour and sources of stress from factors intrinsic to the job. In fact, this last variable was important in predicting both job satisfaction and health on all measures of these variables. Other predictors of health included locus of control and sources of stress from the interface between home and work. In general, findings obtained with alternative measures of the same stress outcome variables were consistent, adding convergent validity to the data.
The influence of life event stress on the course of rheumatoid arthritis — a longitudinal study
Authors: Koehler Thomas , Verthein Uwe
Published: June 2007

To test the hypothesis that the course of rheumatoid arthritis is negatively influenced by the occurrence of stressful life events, a prospective study over 1 year was carried out. Thirty patients filled out a modified German version of the Social Readjustment Rating Scale every 3 months and reported the events that had occurred to them since they last filled out the questionnaire; in addition, they supplied information about changes in their rheumatic symptoms. Intraindividual simultaneous and cross‐lagged correlations between life events and change of symptoms were computed across points of assessments. The number of positive correlations equalled that of the negative ones, thus not supporting the hypothesis formulated above. Correspondingly, cross‐sectional comparisons for each of the four intervals revealed no differences in experienced life events between patients whose symptoms had worsened and those whose symptoms had remained constant or even ameliorated.
Sleep patterns in anxiety and depression associated with stress
Authors: Wheatley David
Published: June 2007

Of 31 patients with anxiety and 44 with depression attending the Maudsley Stress Clinic, only one of the former and two of the latter did not suffer from sleep disturbance. Severity of impairment of five sleep factors was greater in depression than in anxiety, statistically significantly so in the case of delayed sleep onset (p < 0.01), early morning walking (p < 0.01) and impaired state on walking (p < 0.05). The type of sleep disorder in these conditions has important implications for choice of treatment.
Police officers' coping strategies: An Australian police survey
Authors: Evans Barry J. , Coman Greg. J. , Stanley Robb O. , Burrows Graham D.
Published: June 2007

Police officers, in the performance of their duties, face a range of potentially stressful situations and events. These have the capacity to cause significant personal distress, leading to short — and long‐term changes in mood, psychological functioning and social activity. In response to the stresses of the job, officers must utilize any number of coping strategies to deal with their occupational stress. The aim of the present study was to examine the stress‐coping strategies used by a large sample of Australian police personnel. Responses to the Revised Ways of Coping Checklist showed that most officers utilize problem‐focused, direct action coping strategies, with more limited use of social supports, self‐blame and wishful thinking. While their coping behaviours may help them moderate problem‐focused stress concerns, the data suggest that many officers may not deal effectively with their emotion‐focused concerns. These data are examined in the light of the research literature detailing the so‐called police personality.
Changes in immune status following conjugal bereavement
Authors: Pettingale K. W. , Hussein M. , Inayat Q. , Tee D. E. H.
Published: June 2007

Psychological and immunological assessments were performed concurrently on spouses of terminally ill cancer patients, who were then followed for 1 year after bereavement. Sixty subjects were originally recruited, but only 12 completed the full assessment. There was no evidence that this subsample was different from the rest of the group. There were significant correlations between both the degree of distress experienced, using the Grief Experience Inventory, and marital adjustment with NK cell and helper T cell subpopulations. However, cell populations were within normal limits and did not change significantly postbereavement. Cytokine (IL‐Iα) production was normal, but IFN‐γ was persistently elevated in association with subnormal T cell activation potential in some subjects. These results suggest that there may be a dysregulation of immune function following bereavement which results in persistent activation of T cells and the production of cytokines. Such a dysregulation could result in the predisposition to autoailergic rather than infectious disease.
Job stress and health profiles of smokers, ex‐smokers and non‐smokers
Authors: Kirkcaldy Bruce B. , Cooper Cary L. , Brown Jennifer M. , Athanasou James A.
Published: June 2007

This article provides an empirical perspective on the relationship between work stress and job satisfaction for physical well‐being in a senior police population when physical factors such as smoking are considered. The subjects were 533 superintending police officers, predominantly male ( > 97 per cent), from Great Britain. Forty‐two per cent of senior police officers were non‐smokers (N = 220) and an almost equal proportion, 40 per cent (N = 209), were ex‐smokers, the remaining 18 per cent (N = 93) being regular smokers (12 per cent smoking in excess of 10 cigarettes per day). The Occupational Stress Indicator was used as the measure of overall stress levels and its components. Mean scores of smokers, ex‐smokers and non‐smokers on the OSI were compared using univariate F‐tests and discriminant function analysis. Smokers per se were inclined to exhibit higher job stress scores than either ex‐smokers or non‐smokers and report the worst physical health scores. The non‐smokers yielded the greatest level of work satisfaction and psychological well‐being in contrast to the ex‐smokers, who were most distressed psychologically and least satisfied with their work. Group profiles were not statistically different from each other with the exception of the physical health and one ‘coping’ subscale. Job‐related pressure was predictive of lack of job satisfaction (F)1,432) = 40.09, p < 0.001) and both physical and mental ill‐health F(4,461) = 41.05, p < 0.001 and F(4,454) = 69.76, p < 0.001 respectively) across the groups of non‐smokers, ex‐smokers and the three smoking groups. There was no evidence of a direct relationship between smoking behaviour and job satisfaction, physical and mental health. A comparison showed the average number of days off from work to be lowest for non‐smokers (M 2.37, SD 8.25) followed by ex‐smokers (M 3.4, SD 15.91) and then smokers (M 4.94, SD 17.33). The variance of these groups increased but the mean differences did not reach statistical significance (F(2,519) = 1.24, p > 0.05). The results of this study argue for tentative links between stress, smoking, absenteeism and other health factors in this senior police occupational sample. They also lend support for the utility of a generalized measure of stress components in medical and occupational settings.
Life stress, emotional reactivity and their relation to plasma lipids in employed women
Authors: Melamed Samuel
Published: June 2007

The few studies exploring the association of chronic life stress with plasma lipid levels have yielded inconsistent results. However, these levels have been more consistently associated with the individual's state of emotional arousal. This study examined whether women prone to sustained emotional arousal in the face of emotional events would manifest elevated plasma lipid levels when exposed to chronic life stress. Subjects were 941 employed women free of medical factors potentially affecting plasma lipids. Proneness was measured by the emotional reactivity (ER) scale. Multiple regression analyses indicated that lipid levels were related neither to life stress nor to the life stress × ER interaction. However, ER was negatively related to HDL (p = 0.041) and positively to cholesterol/HDL (p = 0.006) and LDL (p = 0.063), even after adjusting for several possible confounders. Furthermore, women who scored in the upper third of the ER scale showed the highest proportion of ‘high‐risk’ LDL and cholesterol/HDL levels. These findings indicate that it is not reported life stress, but the propensity to experience sustained emotional arousal that is associated with chronic plasma lipid elevation.
Preanalytical factors and standardized specimen collection: The effects of industrial noise
Authors: Dugué Benoǐct , Leppänen Esa , Gräsbeck Ralph
Published: June 2007

Fifteen volunteers were exposed to short‐term noise (30 min, 85 dB) in order to study its influence as a preanalytical factor on commonly analysed blood components, and serum cortisol. The concentrations of the analytes measured declined but the changes were mild. In the males the concentration of total protein decreased significantly, probably due to haemodilution. The results seem to contradict what is generally believed to be the effect of noise (increase in blood pressure, vasoconstriction), which presumably would lead to haemoconcentration. In routine collection of blood for laboratory investigations the effects of noise seem to be negligible.
Type A behaviour (Jenkins Activity Scale Scores), job satisfaction and risk of coronary heart disease
Authors: Byrne D. G. , Reinhart M. I.
Published: June 2007

Allocated risk of coronary heart disease, from a statistical basis, has traditionally been divided between the effects of a series of well‐recognized biological markers (hypertension, elevated serum lipids and cigarette smoking) and the potential contribution of psychological factors, the most prominent of which, in recent times, has been the Type A behaviour pattern. This article examines the possibility that Type A behaviour, as reflected in Jenkins Activity Survey (JAS) Scale scores, influences coronary risk through an effect on these established biological risk markers, either independently or through the mediating influence of occupational dissatisfaction. The data suggest that some scales of the JAS do relate systematically to a composite biological index of coronary risk, and that this relationship can be better understood in terms of lifestyle than stress factors. The implications for the behavioural prevention of coronary heart disease are discussed.
Current issues relating to psychosocial concepts in cardiovascular epidemiology. Summary of an international conference in Hogberga, Sweden, May 29–30, 1993
Authors: Theorell Tores
Published: June 2007

An international group of experts gathered in order to discuss the strategy to be used in psychosocial cardiovascular epidemiology. The symposium was initiated in the knowledge that psychosocial concepts have been used extensively in psychosocial epidemiology for several decades. However, with the possible exception of social class, these concepts have not been widely accepted among other researchers. One reason for this may be that the researchers active in the field represent many different disciplines and have been unable to communicate effectively with one another. Therefore, we held this symposium to foster greater interdisciplinary communication. There is an urgent need for more precise formulations of the concepts used in psychosocial cardiovascular epidemiology as well as for more clear‐cut, long‐term goals for the whole research endeavour in this field. The time is now appropriate to begin developing, applying and evaluating the efficacy of behavioural interventions aimed at reducing the impact of psychosocial factors on both primary and secondary outcome events. More organized international collaboration is needed and is indeed under way.
Stress reduction, preoperative hypnosis and perioperative suggestion in maxillofacial surgery: Somatic responses and recovery
Authors: Enqvist B. , Von Konow L. , Bystedt H.
Published: June 2007

Preoperative hypnosis and stress reduction in combination with suggestions in general anaesthesia were investigated in maxillofacial surgery. Nineteen patients were prospectively matched to control patients and received a ‘hypnosis tape’ with suggestions directed at reduced bleeding, less postoperative swelling and improved recovery. Postsurgical oedema, pyrexia and the consumption of anxiolytics postoperatively were significantly reduced in the hypnosis group.
Hydromagnetic Instability of Laminar Boundary Layer on a Concave Wall
Authors: Kobayashi R.
Published: June 2007

Die Instabilität der zweidimensionalen inkompressiblen laminaren Grenzschichtströmung einer elektrisch leitenden Flüssigkeit längs einer schwach gekrümmten konkaven Wand wird bei Vorhandensein dreidimensionaler periodischer Störungen unter dem Einfluß eines äußeren Magnetfeldes untersucht. Für Hartmann‐Zahlen Haθ bis zu 10 werden die Görtler ‐ Parameter Gθ der neutralen Störungen, bei denen die Instabilität beginnt, und die Wellenzahlen σθ der dabei auftretenden Längswirbel ausgerechnet. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, daß das Magnetfeld einen stabilisierenden Einfluß auf die Entwicklung der Längswirbel hat, wenn das Magnetfeld in gleichmäßiger Stärke senkrecht zur Wand gerichtet ist, und daß die Abhängigkeit der Indifferenzkurve von der Form des vorgegebenen Grundgeschwindigkeitsprofils so gering ist wie diejenige ohne Magnetfeld. Das parallel zur Hauptströmung wirkende Magnetfeld hat nur geringen Einfluß auf die vorliegende Instabilität.
Erzwungene Schwingungen in geschichteten und rotierenden zähen Flüssigkeiten
Authors: Djordjević V. D.
Published: June 2007

In dieser Arbeit werden einige Beispiele kleiner erzwungener Schwingungen eines Körpers in einer geschichteten oder rotierenden zähen Flüssigkeit behandelt. Im Falle einer geschichteten Flüssigkeit wird das Problem der Schwingungen in ihrer eigenen Ebene, einer unendlichen, in Richtung der Flüssigkeitsschichten oder senkrecht zu ihnen aufgestellten Platte betrachtet. Im ersten Fall wird eine einfache Verallgemeinerung der bekannten Lösung für die homogene Flüssigkeit erhalten, während im zweiten Fall in jenen Flüssigkeitsschichten, in denen die Schwingungsfrequenz der bekannten kritischen Frequenz gleich ist, das Bestehen eines Resonanzeffektes gezeigt wird, wobei die durch die Plattenschwingungen verursachten Störungen sich in diesen Schichten bis zum Unendlichen ausbreiten.

Im Falle einer in Richtung der Rotationsachse begrenzten rotierenden Flüssigkeit werden die Torsionsschwingungen einer unendlichen senkrecht zur Rotationsachse aufgestellten Scheibe betrachtet. Dadurch kommt man zum ähnlichen Resonanzeffekt, wenn die Schwingungsfrequenz gleich der doppelten Winkelgeschwindigkeit des ganzen Systems ist.
The Effect of Polarity on the Diffraction of Plane Elastic Waves by a Cylindrical Cavity
Authors: Zika M. J. , Ariman T.
Published: June 2007

An analysis considering the effect of polarity for the problem of a plane compressional wave impinging on a cylindrical cavity in the micropolar theory of elasticity is presented. In the case of plane strain, uncoupled equations are developed in Helmholtz displacement potentials and solved for the reflection of monochromatic waves. The micropolar stress and couple stress fields are found from these potentials. Three additional waves are obtained that do not occur in classical elasticity and two more waves exist in the micropolar theory than are present in the couple stress theory.
Linearized Solutions for Plane Jets
Authors: Pozzi A. , Bianchini A.
Published: June 2007

In this note a general solution of the linearized problems of a plane laminar jet is presented. The basic model is that of an incompressible homogeneous thin jet into a medium at rest (Schlichting's model); but any different situation can be taken into account in a linearized form. In fact the analysis is performed in terms of a generic function F and the solution is presented by means of integrals of Legendre functions without specifying its expression. Three examples are considered: jets into a moving medium, jets of conducting fluids in the presence of a magnetic field and jets in a non‐homogeneous medium.
Acceleration waves in a radiating gas are investigated for the case of strong radiation and for the emission‐dominated case. The conditions for the formation of shock waves are studied.
Authors: Schmitt H.
Published: June 2007

Es werden Beschleunigungswellen in einem Gas mit starker Strahlung und in einem Gas mit dominierender Emission behandelt. Dabei werden die Bedingungen untersucht, unter denen Verdichtungsstöße entstehen können.
Über die Stetigkeit des Extremalwertes nichtkonvexer Optimierungsaufgaben mit einer Anwendung auf die Diskretisierung von Kontrollproblemen
Authors: Esser H.
Published: June 2007

In dieser Arbeit wird die Stetigkeit des Extremalwertes eines nichtkonvexen Optimierungsproblems bei der Änderung der Restriktionsmenge im Sinne der Hausdorff‐Metrik untersucht. Die Ergebnisse verallgemeinern einige im konvexen Fall vorliegende Resultate auf den nichtkonvexen Fall. Als ein Beispiel für die Anwendung der Stetigkeitssätze wird die Diskretisierung eines nichtlinearen und nichtkonvexen Kontrollproblems behandelt.
Über Birkhoff‐Interpolation und Richardson‐Extrapolation
Authors: Elsner L.
Published: June 2007

In Erweiterung von Arbeiten von Pólya und Schoenberg wird eine Restglieddarstellung für die quasihermitesche Interpolationsaufgabe gewonnen. Da die Extrapolation bei Diskretisierungsverfahren als eine solche Aufgabe gedeutet werden kann, gelingt auf diesem Wege die Herleitung einiger Fehlerdarstellungen bei Extrapolationsaufgaben.
Spektralanalyse von stochastisch deformierten Impulsfolgen mittels der generalisierten Spektraldichte
Authors: Renger A. , Gupta K. N.
Published: June 2007

Es wird die mittels des Distributionenkalküls definierte generalisierte Spektraldichte stochastischer Impulsfolgen von periodisch nichtstationärem Typ bestimmt. Dadurch gelingt eine einfache Berechnung der Reaktionen von stabilen Schwingungssystemen infolge stochastischer Impulserregung im Frequenzbereich. Gewisse Resonanzerscheinungen werden nachgewiesen.
Lösung des gemischten Randwertproblems der ebenen Elastizitätstheorie mit Hilfe singulärer Integralgleichungen
Authors: Heise U.
Published: June 2007

Es wird ein Verfahren zur Berechnung des Deformationszustandes in Scheiben angegeben, an deren Rändern abschnittsweise Belastungen und Verschiebungen vorgeschrieben sind. Die Methode eignet sich besonders zur Behandlung krummlinig berandeter Scheiben. Das Randwertproblem wird als System zweier singulärer, vektorieller Integralgleichungen formuliert, deren Kerne Pole erster Ordnung besitzen. Es müssen daher Cauchysche Hauptwerte von Integralen berechnet werden. Die gesuchten Funktionen in den Integralgleichungen lassen sich als Belegungen von Kräften und Stufenversetzungen auf einer ins Unendliche ausgedehnten Scheibe deuten. Das Problem wird durch lineare Interpolation der gesuchten Funktionen und Kollokation der Integralgleichungen diskretisiert.
Pressurized Cruciform Crack in a Thin Circular Plate
Authors: Srivastava K. N. , Gupta O. P.
Published: June 2007

The problem of determining the stress distribution in a thin circular plate containing the crack in the form of a cross, with arms of equal length is considered. The faces of the crack are subjected to same normal pressure. The problem is reduced to a set of dual integral equations. These equations are further reduced to a single Fredholm integral equation of the second kind which is solved numerically. Quantities of physical interest are calculated.
Poincaré's Equations for Nonholonomic Dynamical Systems
Authors: Ghori Q. K. , Hussain M.
Published: June 2007

This paper is concerned with the derivation of the equations of motion of a dynamical system which is specified by the Poincaré‐Četaev variables x1,…, xn and moves with n — m holonomic constraints and m — l nonlinear nonholonomic constraints of Četaev's type. Following Četaev and Fam Guen, it is shown how to use all the equations of constraints to construct the displacement operators which are employed to write the equations of motion valid for holonomic and nonholonomic systems. The theory is illustrated by an example due to P. Appell.
Stability of a Rotating Thin Elastic Tube Containing a Fluid Flow
Authors: Lai Y.‐C. , Chow C.‐Y.
Published: June 2007

The stability of an infinitely long circular tube containing an inviscid incompressible fluid flow, both rotating at a constant angular velocity, is studied within the framework of the linear theory of elasticity. The result shows that rotation causes an empty tube to become unstable, and enhances the instability of a tube containing a flowing fluid. The effects of rotation on the most unstable mode and frequency are examined by considering a numerical example with water flowing through a rubber tube.
Stabile k‐Schritt‐Verfahren der Ordnung p = 3k + 1 zur numerischen Lösung von Anfangswertaufgaben bei gewöhnlichen Differentialgleichungen
Authors: Filippi S. , Kraska E.
Published: June 2007

In dieser Arbeit werden stabile k‐Schrittverfahren der Ordnung p = 3 k + 1 zur numerischen Lösung von Anfangswertaufgaben bei gewöhnlichen Differentialgleichungen einschließlich der zugehörigen Formeln zur automatischen Schrittweitensteuerung entwickelt. Anhand von Testbeispielen wird die hervorragende Brauchbarkeit der neuen Methode aufgezeigt.
Drehsymmetrische Gleichgewichtsformen von Rhomben‐ und Sechsecknetzen
Authors: Wunderlich W.
Published: June 2007

Zur Erfassung der Gleichgewichtslage von schlauchartig geschlossenen Rhomben‐ oder Sechsecknetzen, die zwischen zwei koaxialen Kreisreifen ausgespannt sind, wird ein Differenzenschema abgeleitet. Bei zunehmender Verdichtung ergibt sich für das Rhombennetz in der Grenze eine Drehfläche konstanter negativer Krümmung, für das Sechsecknetz eine Drehfläche mit dazu kongruentem Meridian. Zur Bestimmung der Formparameter dieser Grenzflächen für Netze bekannter Abmessungen und Struktur werden Formeln und Nomogramme entwickelt.
Ebene, kreissymmetrische Rand‐Anfangswertprobleme zäher Flüssigkeiten
Authors: Iben Hans
Published: June 2007

In dieser Arbeit wird die instationäre, ebene, kreissymmetrische Strömung einer zähen Flüssigkeit betrachtet, die sich innerhalb und auch außerhalb eines drehenden, unendlich langen Kreiszylinders ausbildet. Für beliebige Rand‐ und Anfangsbedingungen wird eine vollständige analytische Lösung der Geschwindigkeitsverteilung angegeben. Sechs Beispiele mit von Null verschiedener Anfangsverteilung werden näher untersucht.
Eine Theorie der Gleichungssysteme mit Intervall‐Koeffizienten
Authors: Jahn K.‐U.
Published: June 2007

In vorliegender Arbeit werden ausführlich die linearen Gleichungssysteme mit Intervall‐Koeffizienten diskutiert, wobei noch auf die 3‐wertige Interpretierbarkeit und die Interpretierbarkeit als Fehlerrechnung eingegangen wird. Über Rangbetrachtungen kommt man zu Aussagen über die Lösbarkeit bzw. die Struktur der Lösung. Es werden endliche Verfahren zu Konstruktion der Lösung angegeben.
Flexural Stress Waves in an Infinitely Long Strip with Clamped Edges Subjected Stepwise to a Concentrated Transverse Load
Authors: Shibuya T. , Koizumi T. , Yoda H.
Published: June 2007

Die Durchbiegung eines längs seiner Kanten eingespannten unendlich langen Streifens unter der Wirkung einer in seinem Mittelpunkt periodisch angreifenden konzentrierten Querkraft wird auf der Grundlage der Plattentheorie mit Hilfe der Fourier‐Laplace‐Transformation untersucht. Die Lösung wird in Form unendlicher Integrale gewonnen. Deren numerische Auswertung wird erläutert, und es werden numerische Ergebnisse für die zeitliche Veränderung der Durchbiegung und der Biegemomente mitgeteilt und in Diagrammen dargestellt.
On Some Forms of the Equations of Motion in Poincaré‐Četaev Variables
Authors: Ghori Q. K. , Hussain M.
Published: June 2007

In der vorliegenden Arbeit werden einigen Transformationen der Bewegungsgleichungen eines nichtholonomen Systems betrachtet. Die die Ableitungen der kinetischen Energie enthaltenden transformierten Gleichungen sind eine Verallgemeinerung der auf Cenov und Mangeron/Deleanu zurückgehenden Gleichungen in Poincaré‐Četaev‐Variablen. Es werden zwei Funktionen Rσ und Kσ eingeführt, mit denen man andere Formen der Bewegungsgleichungen erhält.
Konvergenz der Linienmethode bei einem parabolischen Rand‐Kontrollproblem
Authors: Glashoff K. , Krabs W.
Published: June 2007

Zur näherungsweisen Lösung eines allgemeinen parabolischen Kontrollproblems wird die Linienmethode betrachtet. Mit Hilfe eines einfachen Stetigkeitssatzes über Folgen von Optimierungsaufgaben wird gezeigt, daß unter gewissen vernünftigen Voraussetzungen (die z. B. auch die Lösbarkeit des Problems sichern) Konvergenz vorliegt, wenn die benutzte Diskretisierung immer mehr verfeinert wird.
Über Funktionensysteme, die durch Fluchtliniennomogramme mit einer algebraischen Kurve vierter Ordnung als Träger aller Skalen darstellbar sind
Authors: Reutter F.
Published: June 2007

Mit Hilfe des Abelschen Theorems werden die Grundtypen der durch spezielle Fluchtliniennomogramme darstellbaren Systeme von zwei Funktionen zweier reeller Veränderlichen ermittelt. Diese Fluchtliniennomogramme haben irreduzible oder in nicht mehrfach zählende Bestandteile zerfallende algebraische Kurven vierter Ordnung zum gemeinsamen Träger aller Skalen.
Postbuckling Behaviour of Circular Cylindrical Shells under Hydrostatic Pressure
Authors: Yamaki N. , Tani J.
Published: June 2007

Durch Anwendung des Verfahrens von Galerking auf die Donnellschen Grundgleichungen werden praktisch genaue Lösungen für das Nachbeulverhalten von Kreiszylinderschalen, die einem hydrostatischen Druck unterworfen sind, gewonnen. Über detaillierte Rechnungen für einen weiten Bereich von Schalengeometrien wird geklärt, wie Stauchung, Verbiegung und Volumenänderung mit dem gegebenen Außendruck zusammenhängen. Die Ergebnisse erweisen sich als in guter Übereinstimmung mit den experimentell ermittelten.
Differentialoperatoren bei einer Klasse verallgemeinerter Tricomi‐Gleichungen
Authors: Bauer K. W.
Published: June 2007

In der vorliegenden, Arbeit wird die verallgemeinerte Tricomi‐Gleichung ηψξ + ψηη + (6m + 1) (2η)−1 ψη = 0, m ϵ G, behandelt. Für die in einfach zusammenhängenden Gebieten der elliptischen Halbebene definierten Lösungen werden allgemeine Darstellungssätze mit Hilfe von Differentialoperatoren hergeleitet. Unter Verwendung eines Ergebnisses von St. Ruscheweyh wird eines integralfreie Fundamentallösung im Großen bestimmt, die in die gesamte hyperbolische Halbebene fortgesetzt wird.
Analysis of Hydrostatically Loaded Semi‐Circular Plate with a Clamped Diameter and a Free Circular Edge
Authors: Bassali W. A. , Mahmood S. S.
Published: June 2007

Im Rahmen der klassischen Theorie dünner Platten werden Ausdrücke für die Durchbiegung und die Spannungen in einer dünnen isotropen, homogenen halbkreisförmigen Platte hergeleitet, die einem über die ganze Platte verteilten hydrostatischen Druck unterworfen, längs des Durchmessers eingespannt und längs des Kreisrandes frei ist. Die Methode besteht in der Lösung einer singulären Integralgleichung. In Tabellen und Diagrammen werden numerische Ergebnisse mitgeteilt, die die Verteilung der Durchbiegungen, der Biege‐ und Torsionsmomente und der Scherkräfte über verschiedene Punkte der Platte betreffen.
Das Strömungsfeld in der Umgebung einer längsangeströmten ebenen Platte im Bereich der freien Molekülströmung
Authors: Gasteiger H. , Hindelang F. J.
Published: June 2007

Das Problem der freien Molekülströmung an der Vorderkante einer ebenen Platte im Überschallbereich wird unter Annahme des Sichtkegelprinzips gelöst. Die bei der Berechnung der Strömungsvariablen auftretenden Integrale werden mit Hilfe modifizierter Bessel funktionen berechnet. Man erhält hierbei eine analytische Lösung für das Dichte‐ und Geschwindigkeitsfeld. Es werden numerische Ergebnisse mitgeteilt.
Étude de la stabilité d'une équation différentielle non conservative du second ordre, à coefficients périodiques
Authors: Meckert C.
Published: June 2007

Vorgelegt sei die Gleichung (E) ẍ + p(t) ẋ + q(t) × = 0 mit Koeffizienten, die in jeder Halbperiode konstant sind und beziehungsweise die Werte p1 und p2 bzw. q1 und q2 haben. Dann läßt sich das folgende wesentliche Ergebnis erzielen: Bei gegebenen festen Werten p1, p2 und q1 – die notwendige Stabilitätsbedingung p1 + p2 ≧ 0 sei erfüllt – ist weder die Menge der Werte q1, für die (E) stabil ist, noch die Menge der Werte q1, für die (E) instabil ist, beschränkt, und diese Aussage gilt sogar für sehr große Werte p1 und p2.

Überraschend ist noch folgende Eigenschaft: Ist (Ei), i = 1, 2, die Gleichung ẍ + piẋ + qix = 0 mit den konstanten Koeffizienten pi, qi, so ist die Stabilität von (E) weitgehend unabhängig von derjenigen von (Ei). Auf diese Weise kann es sein, daß

Im Falle p1 + p2 = 0 konstruiert man das Stabilitätsdiagramm im (c1, c2, p1)‐Raum, wobei ci = qi ‐ pi2, i = 1, 2 ist.

(E1) und (E2) stabil und sogar stark stabil sind, (E) aber instabil.

(E1) und (E2) instabil sind, (E) aber asymptotisch stabil.
The Transient and Steady State Response of a Thick Membrane to Static and Dynamic Loading
Authors: Hutter K. , Olunloyo V. O. S.
Published: June 2007

Es wird gezeigt, daß für anisotrop vorgespannte dicke Membranen oder dünne Platten mit kleiner Biegesteifigkeit die Methode der singulären Störungsrechnung geeignet ist, um die Durchbiegung der Membranen infolge statischer und dynamischer Belastungen zu bestimmen. Im speziellen wird die Durchbiegung eines Streifens (oder auch langen Rechtecks) konstruiert, wenn die äußere Belastung entweder statisch oder dynamisch ist. Zum ersten Mal in der Literatur dünner Platten wird hier die Technik der singulären Störungsrechnung verwendet, um stationäre erzwungene Schwingungen (im Gegensatz zum Eigenwertproblem) und das Verhalten unter Stoßlast zu bestimmen. Für den letzten Fall zeigt sich, daß sich eine Störung anfänglich mit einer Geschwindigkeit fortpflanzt, welche der Wurzel aus der Anisotropie in der Vorspannung proportional ist.

Es wird weiter gezeigt, daß sich im allgemeinen, wenn die Störfunktion sowohl räumlich als auch zeitlich periodisch ist, der Charakter der Lösungen von exponentiellem Verhalten zu periodischem Verhalten ändert, je nachdem die Frequenz größer oder kleiner als die räumliche Wellenlänge ist.
Inertial Oscillations and Hydromagnetic Multiple Boundary Layers in a Rotating Fluid
Authors: Debnath L.
Published: June 2007

A study is made of the non‐torsionally generated unsteady hydromagnetic flow in a semi‐infinite expanse of an electrically conducting rotating viscous fluid bounded by an infinite non‐conducting porous plate subjected to uniform suction or blowing in the presence of an external magnetic field. The structure of the steady and the unsteady velocity field and the associated multiple boundary layers are investigated. An asymptotic analysis of the solution is carried out for small and large times to describe the manner of the transient approach to the ultimate steady‐state flow including the various physical processes involved in it. The difficulty of the hydrodynamic solution associated with the case of blowing and resonant frequency is resolved in this paper. It is shown that the oscillatory boundary layer flows confined to the ultimate boundary layers are established through the inertial oscillations and the propagation of diffused hydromagnetic waves.
Vibration of Non‐Uniform Thin‐Walled Beams of Arbitrary Shape
Authors: Suryanarayan S. , Mürty A. V. Krishna
Published: June 2007

A generalised theory for the natural vibration of non‐uniform thin‐walled beams of arbitrary cross‐sectional geometry is proposed. The governing equations are obtained as four partial, linear integro‐differential equations. The corresponding boundary conditions are also obtained in an integro‐differential form. The formulation takes into account the effect of longitudinal inertia and shear flexibility. A method of solution is presented. Some numerical illustrations and an exact solution are included.
Monotone Schrankenfolgen für gewöhnliche Randwertaufgaben bei schwach gekoppelten nichtlinearen Systemen
Authors: Spreuer H. , Adams E. , Srivastava U. N.
Published: June 2007

Es werden in den Ableitungen lineare Systeme schwach gekoppelter gewöhnlicher DGL jeweils 2. Ordnung mit Randbedingungen 3. Art für magnified image: I ⊂ ℝ → ℝN betrachtet. Die nichtlinearen Funktionen von x und magnified image seien stetig und bzgl. magnified image Lipschitz‐stetig. Ohne Übergang zu einem äquivalenten System von Integralgleichungen werden monotone Folgen fallender oberer Schranken magnified imagen(x) und steigender unterer Schranken magnified imagen(x) mit n ϵ ℕ konstruiert, die zur Klasse Y mit den Eigenschaften klassischer Lösungen der vorgelegten Aufgabe gehören. Die Kontraktionsbedingung verlangt, daß Funktionen magnified image0(x) und magnified image0(x) bekannt sind, die strenge Ungleichungen erfüllen, welche durch Lipschitz‐Linearisierung aus dem gegebenen System gewonnen werden. Wenn diese Bedingungen erfüllt sind, konvergieren die Folgen (magnified imagen) und (magnified imagen) gleichmäßig gegen dieselbe Grenzfunktion magnified image ϵ Y, die die einzige ganz durch magnified image0 und magnified image0 eingeschlossene Lösung ist. Bei geeigneten Systemen können magnified image0 und magnified image0 durch eine Nebeniteration bestimmt werden. Der Schrankenabstand magnified imagen ‐ magnified imagen stellt mit n ϵ ℕ0 eine Fehlerabschätzung zur Verfügung, die i. a. günstiger als diejenige des Banachschen Fixpunktsatzes ist.
The Axisymmetric Distribution of Stresses in an Infinite Elastic Solid Containing a Flat Annular Crack under Internal Pressure
Authors: Shibuya T. , Nakahara I. , Koizumi T.
Published: June 2007

The authors analyze the axisymmetric distribution of stress in an infinite elastic solid containing a flat annular crack under internal pressure which is one of three‐part mixed boundary value problems. Assuming that the deformation on the crack surface is continuous, we may represent it by Fourier series, and reduce the problem to the solution of an infinite system of algebraic equations. The displacement and stress components obtained are given by series involving infinite integrals. In particular, the integrals on the crack plane are expressed in terms of Gaußian hypergeometric functions. The radial distributions of the displacement and the stress components and the variations of the stress intensity factors at the crack tips with the ratio of the inner to the outer radius of the crack are shown graphically.
Grundlagen zu einer Theorie des Ringflügels in axialsymmetrischer Scherströmung
Authors: Weissinger J. , Overlach B.
Published: June 2007

Als Grundlage für eine Theorie des Ringflügels in ungleichförmiger Anströmung werden die grundlegenden Gleichungen für das axialsymmetrische, stationäre, inkompressible und reibungsfreie Strömungsfeld eines Wirbel‐ und eines Quellringes in axialsymmetrischer Scherströmung hergeleitet. Für das linearisierte Problem wird ein — auf einer Fourier‐Transformation beruhendes — Lösungsverfahren angegeben und für einige einfache Beispiele durchgeführt.
Some Aspects of Quadratic Programming in Complex Space
Authors: Das C.
Published: June 2007

In this paper a pair of quadratic programs (primal and its dual) has been formulated in complex space with an arbitrary square matrix A2 in the constraint sets. The paper establishes certain duality results without assuming any interdependence of the objective function and the constraint sets on a Hermitean positive‐semi‐definite matrix as considered in [3].
On a Quasi‐Conical Motion in Supersonic‐Hypersonic Flow, Considering the Entropy Effects
Authors: Berbente C.
Published: June 2007

In order to get analytical solutions for the supersonic‐hypersonic motion around a body of revolution, consisting of a cylinder and a truncated come, one proposes a perturbation method. Unlike the classical procedure where one considers small perturbations with respect to the general flow, parallel at upstream infinity, the basic state is a potential motion, close enough to the real one, that respresents an exact solution in several important limit cases. The method provides explicit formulae for the velocity field, as well as for the shock wave curve and for the entropy gradient.
A Direct Numerical Integration Method for Second‐Order Ordinary Differential Equations
Authors: Gupta R. G.
Published: June 2007

This paper describes a new direct method for the numerical integration of the initial value problem

.

The method has a local truncation error O(h6) in y(x) and O(h5) in y'(x). For n integration steps, the present method requires 5n function evaluations while the method of Runge‐Kutta‐Butcher needs 6n for the same order of accuracy. Theoretical and computational comparisons of the present method with the existing methods are discussed.
Mixed Boundary Value Problems in Electrostatics
Authors: Gupta O. P. , Gupta S. K.
Published: June 2007

This paper deals with two problems. The first problem is to determine the electrostatic potential in the vicinity of two cross‐shaped charged strips, while in the second the study is made when these strips are situated inside a grounded cylinder. Both problems are first reduced to two sets of dual integral equations which are further reduced to two Fredholm integral equations of the second kind. These equations are solved numerically and quantities of physical interest are calculated.
On the Asymptotic Stability of an Equilibrium Solution of the Boussinesq‐Equations
Authors: Batra R. C.
Published: June 2007

It is shown that an equilibrium solution of the Boussinesq equations under mixed boundary conditions is asymptotically stable in the mean.
Einige Betrachtungen über ein biomechanisches Modell der Wirbelsäule
Authors: Rizzi M. A. , Whitman A. B. , DeSilva C. N.
Published: June 2007

Diese Arbeit gibt eine einfache nichtlineare Theorie, die das mechanische Verhalten der Wirbelsäule beschreibt.
Kinematic Hardening and Plastic Instability under Plane Stress
Authors: Shrivastava H. P. , Dubey R. N.
Published: June 2007

The main objective of this paper is to develop a criterion of tensile plastic instability which should be sufficiently general to include both the Bauschinger effect and anisotropy. The criterion so developed reduces to Moore and Wallace's condition for anisotropic materials, in case the Bauschinger effect is either completely neglected or it is negligible at the onset of deformation process. However, this analysis shows significant change in instability condition if the material exhibits the Bauschinger effect initially.

It is also shown that localised neck can also take place in biaxial loading for stress ratios greater than half. This would depend upon the anisotropy coefficients and the degree of the Bauschinger effect initially exhibited by the material.
Unsteady Free Convection Flow from a Vertical Plate in the Presence of a Uniform Magnetic Field
Authors: Mishra S. P. , Moeapatra P.
Published: June 2007

The unsteady free convection flow of a viscous electrically conducting fluid from an infinite vertical plate in the presence of a uniform magmetic field has been studied. Simple closed form expressions for the velocity and the magnetic field are obtained for the case when the nzagnetic Prandtl number IS, is unity and the therncal Prandtl number Σ1 is arbitrary.
Dreidimensionale, instationäre Temperaturverteilung in durchströmten zylindrischen Rohren
Authors: Schenk R.
Published: June 2007

In dieser Arbeit werden eine numerische Methode und Ergebnisse einer instationären, dreidimensionalen Berechnung der Temperaturverteilung in durchströmten zylindrischen Rohren beschrieben. Der volle zylindrische Stab kann als Spezialfall für verschwindende Strömung mit diskutiert werden. Die Temperaturverteilung am Mantel ist eine Funktion des Ortes und der Zeit. Die Methode geht auf das Teilschrittverfahren zurück, welches für dreidimensionale Probleme auf volle Approximation erweitert wurde. Das Teilschrittverfahren gestattet mit Vorteil die direkte Integration der Differentialgleichungen. Auf eine Einführung von Hilfsfunktionen wird verzichtet. Als Ergebnis liegen Temperaturflächen vor, die ihre Lage im Raum zeitlich ändern.
Thermo‐Capillary‐Induced Axisymmetric Free Liquid Surface Oscillations in a Visco‐Elastic Liquid Column
Authors: Bauer H. F.
Published: June 2007

The response due to an axisymmetric time‐fluctuating temperature distribution applied at the free liquid surface of a viscoelastic cylindrical liquid column has been determined analytically. The amplitudes of the radial and axial velocity distributions as well as the free surface elevation have been presented as functions of the “reduced” forcing frequency of the oscillatory temperature and have numerically been evaluated for an axial sinusoidal temperature field for various surface‐tension parameters τ * v/v2, relaxation time parameters τ * v/v2 and axial wave number parameters ka. It was found, that visco‐elasticity as described by the Maxwell model has quite some influence upon the liquid motion. It shows for smaller relaxation more viscous, for larger relaxation times more elastic behavior. Larger relaxation time parameter exhibits increased amplitudes and fluctuating response behavior of the liquid. In addition there is a deflection of the liquid surface for vanishing oscillatory temperature frequency Ω. This means, that in the steadystate the surface is already deflected.