bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Raman Spectral Analysis in the CHx‐Stretching Region as a Guiding Beacon for Non‐Targeted, Disruption‐Free Monitoring of Germination and Biofilm Formation in the Green Seaweed Ulva
Authors: Schultz Constanze , Zopf David , Holzinger Andreas , Silge Anja , Meyer‐Zedler Tobias , Schmitt Michael , Wichard Thomas , Popp Juergen
Published: June 2024

Raman spectroscopy was used to study the complex interactions and morphogenesis of the green seaweed Ulva (Chlorophyta) and its associated bacteria under controlled conditions in a reductionist model system. Integrating multiple imaging techniques contributes to a more comprehensive understanding of these biological processes. Therefore, Raman spectroscopy was introduced as a non‐invasive, label‐free tool for examining chemical information of the tripartite community Ulva mutabilis‐Roseovarius sp.‐Maribacter sp. The study explored cell differentiation, cell wall protrusion, and bacterial‐macroalgae interactions of intact algal thalli. Using Raman spectroscopy, the analysis of the CHx‐stretching wavenumber region distinguished spatial regions in Ulva germination and cellular malformations under axenic conditions and upon inoculation with a specific bacterium in bipartite communities. The spectral information was used to guide in‐depth analyses within the fingerprint region and to identify substance classes such as proteins, lipids, and polysaccharides, including evidence for ulvan found in cell wall protrusions.
Vicinal diaryl pyrazole with tetrazole/urea scaffolds as selective angiotensin converting enzyme‐1/cyclooxygenase‐2 inhibitors: Design, synthesis, anti‐hypertensive, anti‐fibrotic, and anti‐inflammatory
Authors: Fadaly Wael A. A. , Elshaier Yaseen A. M. M. , Ali Fares E. M. , El‐Bahrawy Ali H. , Abdellatif Khaled R. A. , Nemr Mohamed T. M.
Published: June 2024

As a hybrid weapon, two novel series of pyrazoles, 16a‐f and 17a‐f, targeting both COX‐2 and ACE‐1‐N‐domain, were created and their anti‐inflammatory, anti‐hypertensive, and anti‐fibrotic properties were evaluated. In vitro, 17b and 17f showed COX‐2 selectivity (SI = 534.22 and 491.90, respectively) compared to celecoxib (SI = 326.66) and NF‐κB (IC50 1.87 and 2.03 μM, respectively). 17b (IC50 0.078 μM) and 17 f (IC50 0.094 μM) inhibited ACE‐1 comparable to perindopril (PER) (IC50 0.048 μM). In vivo, 17b decreased systolic blood pressure by 18.6%, 17b and 17f increased serum NO levels by 345.8%, and 183.2%, respectively, increased eNOS expression by 0.97 and 0.52 folds, respectively and reduced NF‐κB‐p65 and P38‐MAPK expression by −0.62, −0.22, −0.53, and −0.24 folds, respectively compared to 
l‐NAME (−0.34, −0.45 folds decline in NF‐κB‐p65 and P38‐MAPK, respectively). 17b reduced ANG‐II expression which significantly reversed the cardiac histological changes induced by L‐NAME.
Oxymatrine attenuates sepsis‐induced inflammation and organ injury via inhibition of HMGB1/RAGE/NF‐κB signaling pathway
Authors: He Junbing , Qin Wanbing , Jiang Shusong , Lin Yao , Lin Yingying , Yang Ruoxuan , Xu Mingwei , Liu Qinghua
Published: June 2024

Sepsis is a life‐threatening organ dysfunction that endangers patient lives and is caused by an imbalance in the host defense against infection. Sepsis continues to be a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in critically sick patients. Oxymatrine (OMT), a quinolizidine alkaloid derived from the traditional Chinese herb Sophora flavescens Aiton, has been shown to have anti‐inflammatory effects on a number of inflammatory illnesses according to research. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the therapeutic effects of OMT on sepsis and explore the underlying mechanisms. We differentiated THP‐1 cells into THP‐1 macrophages and studied the anti‐inflammatory mechanism of OMT in a lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐induced THP‐1 macrophage sepsis model. Activation of the receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE), as well as NF‐κB, was assessed by Western blot analysis and immunofluorescence staining. ELISA was used to measure the levels of inflammatory factors. We found that OMT significantly inhibited HMGB1‐mediated RAGE/NF‐κB activation and downstream inflammatory cytokine production in response to LPS stimulation. Finally, an in vivo experiment was performed on septic mice to further study the effect of OMT on injured organs. The animal experiments showed that OMT significantly inhibited HMGB1‐mediated RAGE/NF‐κB activation, protected against the inflammatory response and organ injury induced by CLP, and prolonged the survival rate of septic mice. Herein, we provide evidence that OMT exerts a significant therapeutic effect on sepsis by inhibiting the HMGB1/RAGE/NF‐κB signaling pathway.
An evolutionary case for plant rarity: Eucalyptus as a model system
Authors: Nytko Alivia G. , Senior John K. , Wooliver Rachel C. , O'Reilly‐Wapstra Julianne , Schweitzer Jennifer A. , Bailey Joseph K.
Published: June 2024

Species rarity is a common phenomenon across global ecosystems that is becoming increasingly more common under climate change. Although species rarity is often considered to be a stochastic response to environmental and ecological constraints, we examined the hypothesis that plant rarity is a consequence of natural selection acting on performance traits that affect a species range size, habitat specificity, and population aggregation; three primary descriptors of rarity. Using a common garden of 25 species of Tasmanian Eucalyptus, we find that the rarest species have 70% lower biomass than common species. Although rare species demonstrate lower biomass, rare species allocated proportionally more biomass aboveground than common species. There is also a negative phylogenetic autocorrelation underlying the biomass of rare and common species, indicating that traits associated with rarity have diverged within subgenera as a result of environmental factors to reach different associated optima. In support of our hypothesis, we found significant positive relationships between species biomass, range size and habitat specificity, but not population aggregation. These results demonstrate repeated convergent evolution of the trait‐based determinants of rarity across the phylogeny in Tasmanian eucalypts. Furthermore, the phylogenetically driven patterns in biomass and biomass allocation seen in rare species may be representative of a larger plant strategy, not yet considered, but offering a mechanism as to how rare species continue to persist despite inherent constraints of small, specialized ranges and populations. These results suggest that if rarity can evolve and is related to plant traits such as biomass, rather than a random outcome of environmental constraints, we may need to revise conservation efforts in these and other rare species to reconsider the abiotic and biotic factors that underlie the distributions of rare plant species.
Markers of Fertility in Adolescents With Chronic Endocrinopathies at Transition From Paediatric to Adult Care
Authors: Choukair Daniela , Mittnacht Janna , Bettendorf Markus
Published: June 2024

Objective

During the process of transition from paediatric to adult health care, counselling concerning fertility is an important issue and is based mainly on serum markers of gonadal function. Here, we analysed these markers in adolescents with various underlying endocrine diseases at the time of transition.

Methods

After reaching near adult height and late puberty (girls: bone age [BA] ≥14 years, and boys: BA ≥16 years), we assessed stages of puberty according to Tanner and measured testes or ovarian volumes and serum markers of gonadal function (anti‐Mullerian hormone [AMH], inhibin B, 17β‐estradiol, testosterone).

Results

One hundred and ten patients (56 females and 54 males) were included from May 2010 to March 2016 with multiple pituitary hormone deficiency (MPHD; n = 17), growth hormone deficiency (GHD; n = 35), Turner syndrome (TS; n = 27), short stature after being born small for gestational age (SGA; n = 20) and Klinefelter syndrome (KS; n = 11). Female and male adolescents exhibited mature secondary sexual characteristics. The levels of serum inhibin B and AMH were lower in TS and female MPHD than in GHD and SGA, each independently (p < 0.05). The levels of serum AMH were higher whereas serum inhibin B were lower in male MPHD and KS (p < 0.05). Ovary volumes were significantly smaller in patients with TS, and testicular volumes were smaller in patients with KS.

Conclusions

After current established treatments with sex steroids, the development of secondary sexual characteristics was mature. However, impaired markers of fertility have been identified in patients with TS, KS and MPHD, reflecting gonadal dysgenesis in TS and KS, but gonadal immaturity in MPHD as gonadal gonadotropin stimulation is lacking throughout development. Consequently, in patients with MPHD, these markers cannot reliably predict individual fertility, which warrants consideration and incorporation in future treatment concepts.
Edible corn oil: A holistic exploration from processing to market dynamics
Authors: Boukid Fatma , Rosentrater Kurt A.
Published: June 2024

Corn oil is a major agricultural commodity, and it is a staple in kitchens worldwide. This comprehensive review aims to provide a holistic understanding of corn oil processing, composition, nutritional benefits, properties, and market dynamics. The processing of corn oil poses challenges in achieving optimal extraction efficiency while addressing environmental concerns. Currently, hexane‐extracted corn oil dominates the market, with cold‐pressed corn oil being a niche product. Ongoing efforts within the industry focus on exploring alternative, environmentally friendly extraction methods such as critical CO2 and enzymatic‐assisted extraction. Corn oil is recognized for its rich composition in monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fats, tocopherol content, and potential antioxidant benefits. However, its high omega‐6 fatty acid content, while contributing to its stability, has raised discussions about its potential impact on inflammatory responses when consumed excessively. Due to its high smoke point, corn oil is suitable for high‐temperature cooking without compromising its neutral taste. Yet, its oxidation stability is lower compared to other commercial oils. Relying on oleic‐rich varieties or incorporating antioxidants could help enhance its stability and mitigate potential oxidative concerns. In the future, advancements in processing technologies promise to elevate the nutritional profile of corn oil, aligning it with the evolving preferences of health‐conscious consumers and addressing sustainability concerns.

Practical Applications. This review provides crucial insights into the processing, nutritional profile, and market dynamics of corn oil, benefiting researchers and industry professionals. By understanding the challenges and advancements in extraction methods, researchers can develop more sustainable and efficient processes. The detailed analysis of corn oil's composition and functionality provides practical solutions for improving product shelf‐life and quality. This comprehensive review supports the optimization of corn oil production and utilization and aids in positioning corn oil as a competitive and versatile option in the global vegetable oil market.
Binding of Linear Anions and Formation of Anion Encapsulated Dimeric Capsular Assembly by Cis‐5,15‐bis(3,5‐trifluoromethylphenyl)calix[4]pyrrole
Authors: Patra Ashoke Kumar , Roy Anik , Gomila Rosa M. , Kundu Somenath , Srimayee Soumya , Halder Dibakar , Saha Rajat , Lee Chang‐Hee , Hossain Maidul , Frontera Antonio , Manna Debasis , Saha Indrajit
Published: June 2024

Cis‐5,15‐bis(3,5‐trifluoromethylphenyl)calix[4]pyrrole (1) forms stable 1/1 complexes with linear anions such as N3−, SCN− and NCO‐ with the highest affinity for NCO− anion in acetonitrile solution. Crystallization of receptor 1 with TBASCN and (TMA)2SO4 resulted in the formation of dimeric capsular assembly, {(TMA)2[12 ⋅ (SCN)2]}, in which two thiocyanate anions are encapsulated. On the other hand, 1 ⋅ OCN(TMA) and 1 ⋅ N3(TMA) complexes form one dimensional columnar structure in the solid state.
Stereoselective Synthesis of Key Skeleton of Mohangic Acids A‐E
Authors: Mondal Joyanta , Guchhait Sandip , Sharma Himangshu , Goswami Rajib Kumar
Published: June 2024

The key skeleton that could allow to access structurally intriguing mohangic acids A−E has been synthesized in stereoselective manner. The salient features of this synthesis include Evans syn‐aldol reaction to construct the C‐11 and C‐12 centers, HWE olefination to construct C14−C15 bond, Evans asymmetric methylation to install C‐14 center and Crimmins acetate aldol to generate C‐15 center whereas Wittig and Takai olefinations to prepare the C8–C9 & C6–C7 alkenes, respectively, and Heck reaction to couple C1–C5 & C6–C17 segments of the molecules. The developed route is highly modular and useful for accessing diverse natural product like molecules for future investigations.
Dancing sugar! A case of epilepsia partialis continua and subsequent belly dancing syndrome in a patient with a hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state
Authors: Liviello Davide , Cipollone Sara , Corniello Clarissa , Evangelista Giacomo , Marzetti Laura , Russo Mirella , Onofrj Marco , Dono Fedele , Sensi Stefano
Published: June 2024

Content available: Video
Study of composite polymer degradation for high pressure hydrogen vessel by machine learning approach
Authors: Kadri K. , Kallel A. , Guerard G. , Abdallah A. Ben , Ballut S. , Fitoussi J. , Shirinbayan M.
Published: June 2024

The aim of this article is to study the degradation of a composite material under static pressure. The high pressure condition is similar to the one encountered inside hydrogen tanks. Damage modeling was used to evaluate the behavior of hydrogen tanks to high pressure. A practical approach, coupling a finite element method (FEM) simulation and machine learning (ML) algorithm, is suggested. The representative volume element (RVE) was used in association with a choice of a behavior law and a damage law as an input data. Algorithms for ML classification such as K‐nearest neighbors (k‐NN) and a special k‐NN with a dynamic time warping metric were used. The hierarchical clustering through dendrograms visualizations allowed to exhibit the impact of composite parameters in relation to fiber, matrix properties and fiber volume fraction on the strain degradation under external static pressure. Continuing this, the optimum RVE which shows a low degradation value will be exhibited.
Microvascular reconstruction of midface osteoradionecrosis
Authors: Sweeny Larissa , Konuthula Neeraja , Jackson Ryan , Wax Mark K. , Curry Joseph M. , Yang Sara , Amin Dev , Kane Anne C. , Cannady Steve B. , Tasche Kendall , DiLeo Michael , Lander Daniel , Kejner Alexandra E. , Pipkorn Patrik
Published: June 2024

Background

Head and neck osteoradionecrosis (ORN) of the midface requiring free flap (FF) reconstruction is uncommon. This multi‐institutional study was designed to review outcomes for this rare patient population.

Methods

Retrospective multi‐institutional review of FF reconstruction for midface ORN (2005–2022; n = 54).

Results

The FF survival rate was 87% (n = 54). Patients were less likely to be tolerating a regular diet at 3 months postoperative if they had a preoperative history of prior head and surgery (80% vs. 95%; p = 0.02), a pathologic fracture (50% vs. 90%; p = 0.04), exposed bone intraorally (43% vs. 94%; p = 0.002), or a fistula (67% vs. 96%; p = 0.03). Mean albumin was higher in patients whose FF survived (3.6 ± 0.5 vs. 2.7 ± 1.4; p = 0.03). Patients with low prealbumin were more likely to undergo a hematoma evacuation (27% vs. 0%; p = 0.02).

Conclusion

In this series of midface ORN requiring FF reconstruction preoperative nutritional status impacted postoperative complications. Preoperative occurrence of a fistula, pathologic fracture, and intraoral bone exposure correlated with decreased tolerance of a regular diet following reconstruction.
Convective heat loss from a modified solar cavity receiver with vertical plate fins: An experimental assessment
Authors: Mobasheri‐Shiri Hamideh , Yazdanipour Tahereh , Razzaghi Kiyanoosh
Published: June 2024

Experimental investigations have been conducted to study the convective heat transfer from a cylindrical solar cavity receiver with vertical fins. The experiments were performed under varying surface heat flux levels and at seven inclination angles, ranging from −90° (upward facing) to +90° (downward facing) at 30° intervals. The impact of fins on the heat transfer process was studied by conducting experiments in two scenarios, namely, finned and unfinned cavities. The findings of the study showed that with an increase in cavity inclination, the magnitude of convective heat loss decreased in both finned and unfinned cavities, while the cavity surface temperature increased. At +90° inclination, the convective heat loss and Nusselt number were observed to have the lowest value, while the surface temperature had the highest value. For a downward‐facing cavity, the fins reduced convective heat loss, leading to an increase in cavity surface temperature. The finned cavity performed better for a vertically downward‐facing inclination (+90°) as it had a contribution of only 11% for convection heat loss compared with the unfinned cavity, which had a contribution of 21% for the same. Furthermore, an empirical model was developed based on the experimental results for the Nusselt number, which correlates experimental data with an error margin of ±15%. This model can be used to predict the Nusselt number for different inclination angles and surface heat flux levels. The presence of vertical fins in the cavity was found to be effective in reducing convective heat loss, especially for downward‐facing cavities. Understanding the influence of fin and cavity inclination on convective heat transfer can lead to enhanced efficiency and performance of solar receivers, thereby increasing the overall energy output of the system.
Quantitative susceptibility mapping as an early neuroimaging biomarker for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: A review
Authors: Mohammadi Sana , Ghaderi Sadegh , Fatehi Farzad
Published: June 2024

Quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) is an advanced post‐processing technique in magnetic resonance imaging that offers precise measurements of tissue magnetic susceptibility with impressive spatial resolution and sensitivity. This review examines the potential of QSM as a biomarker for early detection and monitoring of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Since 2015, studies have consistently reported increased QSM values in the motor regions of individuals with ALS, indicating significant iron deposition. Iron accumulation is associated with dysfunction of the upper motor neurons and faster disease progression. Notably, increased QSM values were also observed in the critical subcortical areas responsible for motor function and cognitive control. However, standardizing optimized protocols, including background field removal algorithms, phase unwrapping approaches, and methods for final susceptibility map reconstruction, has the potential to enhance the consistency and reliability of QSM as an ALS biomarker. Overall, the current body of evidence strongly supports QSM in detecting iron dysregulation associated with neurodegeneration in both motor and extra‐motor regions in ALS. Furthermore, QSM's remarkable sensitivity to early pathological iron changes and its high specificity in distinguishing ALS positions make it a promising diagnostic and progression‐tracking biomarker.
Comparison of synchronous reinforcement and accumulated reinforcement for increasing on‐task behavior in preschoolers
Authors: Diaz de Villegas Sara C. , Dozier Claudia L. , Kanaman Ky C. , Leslie Stacha C. , Kamlowsky Marissa E.
Published: June 2024

In synchronous‐reinforcement schedules, the duration of behavior directly controls the duration of reinforcement on a moment‐to‐moment basis. We replicated and extended Diaz de Villegas et al. (2020) by comparing the effects of synchronous reinforcement with two accumulated‐reinforcement schedules for increasing on‐task behavior for seven preschoolers. One accumulated schedule was the same as the one used in Diaz de Villegas et al. and did not include tokens, whereas the other accumulated schedule included the delivery of tokens within session. Furthermore, we assessed preference for the three reinforcement schedules. The results showed that synchronous reinforcement was effective for increasing on‐task behavior for all seven participants. Furthermore, it was most effective for increasing on‐task behavior for three out of seven participants and preferred by all participants. For some participants, other schedules were also similarly effective. The results are discussed with respect to implications for application.
Using retrospective reports to develop profiles of harmful versus playful teasing experiences
Authors: Andrews Naomi C. Z. , Dawes Molly
Published: June 2024

Introduction

The current investigation's central goal was to elucidate the complex features of peer teasing episodes that individuals use to interpret teasing as harmful versus playful.

Method

In 2022–2023, we used semistructured interviews to gather retrospective reports of K‐12 peer teasing experiences from a sample of 27 students from a university in southern Ontario, Canada (18–25 years old, 63% female, 78% White).

Results

Content analysis revealed the multifaceted nature of teasing, with participants defining teasing as harmful, playful, or including elements of both harm and pleasure. Harmful teasing experiences often included content that was sensitive to the target, occurred between both friends and nonfriends, and often included a power differential with the teasing perpetrator having more power than the target. Targets recalled negative emotional responses, with behavioral responses to mitigate the situation and reduce further teasing. In contrast, playful teasing often occurred between friends or close friends, was often motivated by positive interpersonal motives (e.g., for encouragement), and had positive impacts on the relationship between perpetrator and target. However, despite benign intent, some playful teasing was marked by negative emotional responses and feelings of harm.

Conclusions

Results have implications for uncovering the nuanced and complex nature of teasing, and provide a preliminary profile of harmful versus playful teasing interactions.
Exchange‐correlation effects in interatomic energies for pure density functionals and their application to the molecular energy prediction
Authors: Tognetti Vincent , Joubert Laurent
Published: June 2024

In this proof‐of‐concept paper, we show how exchange‐correlation effects can be simply recovered for interatomic energies within the interacting quantum atoms decomposition when local, gradient generalized, or meta‐gradient generalized approximations are used in density functional theory (DFT) calculations. We also demonstrate how inhomogeneity and non‐local effects can be introduced even from a pure local scheme, without resorting to any orbital information. Finally, we provide numerical evidence on a database of selected energetic molecules that this decomposition scheme can be efficiently used to build accurate models for the prediction of molecular energies from an initial “cheap” DFT calculation.
Ionic liquids intercalation in titanium carbide MXenes: A first‐principles investigation
Authors: Zhang Shaoze , Jiang De‐en , Zhou Nan , Tang Jiaxing , Zhang Keyu , Li Yin , Hu Junxian , Peng Changjun , Liu Honglai , Yang Bin , Yao Yaochun
Published: June 2024

Herein, we present a density functional theory with dispersion correction (DFT‐D) calculations that focus on the intercalation of ionic liquids (ILs) electrolytes into the two‐dimensional (2D) Ti3C2Tx MXenes. These ILs include the cation 1‐ethyl‐3‐methylimidazolium (Emim+), accompanied by three distinct anions: bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide (TFSA−), (fluorosulfonyl)imide (FSA−) and fluorosulfonyl(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (FTFSA−). By altering the surface termination elements, we explore the intricate geometries of IL intercalation in neutral, negative, and positive pore systems. Accurate estimation of charge transfer is achieved through five population analysis models, such as Hirshfeld, Hirshfeld‐I, DDEC6 (density derived electrostatic and chemical), Bader, and VDD (voronoi deformation density) charges. In this work, we recommend the DDEC6 and Hirshfeld‐I charge models, as they offer moderate values and exhibit reasonable trends. The investigation, aimed at visualizing non‐covalent interactions, elucidates the role of cation‐MXene and anion‐MXene interactions in governing the intercalation phenomenon of ionic liquids within MXenes. The magnitude of this role depends on two factors: the specific arrangement of the cation, and the nature of the anionic species involved in the process.
Chronological alterations in de novo malignancies after living‐donor liver transplantation: A cohort study of 1781 recipients using annual comparisons of standardized incidence ratios
Authors: Tajima Tetsuya , Hata Koichiro , Tanaka Kosuke , Iyama Naomi , Kusakabe Jiro , Kageyama Shoichi , Ogawa Eri , Okamoto Tatsuya , Haga Hironori , Uemoto Shinji , Hatano Etsuro
Published: June 2024

Background

De novo malignancies (DNMs) are a major adverse event after solid organ transplantation; however, their characteristics and recent trends after living‐donor liver transplantation (LDLT) remain unclear.

Methods

We retrospectively reviewed 1781 primary LDLT recipients (1990–2020) and annually calculated standardized incidence ratios (SIRs) of DNMs compared to the age‐adjusted Japanese general population.

Results

After 21 845 person‐years follow‐up, 153 DNM lesions (8.6%) were identified in 131 patients (7.4%). The incidence was 0.007 person‐years. DNMs included 81 post‐transplant lymphoproliferative disorders (PTLDs), 14 colorectal, 12 lung, and 12 gastric cancers, and so on. Comorbid DNMs significantly worsened recipient survival than those without (p < .001). The 5‐ and 10‐year recipient survival after DNM diagnosis were 65% and 58%, respectively. Notably, SIR1993–1995: 8.12 (95% CI: 3.71–15.4, p < .001) and SIR1996–1998: 3.11 (1.34–6.12, p = .01) were significantly high, but had decreased time‐dependently to SIR2005–2007: 1.31 (0.68–2.29, p = .42) and SIR2008–2010: 1.34 (0.75–2.20, p = .33), indicating no longer significant difference in DNMs development. Currently, however, SIR2014–2016: 2.27 (1.54–3.22, p < .001) and SIR2017–2019: 2.07 (1.40–2.96, p < .001) have become significantly higher again, reflecting recent aging of recipients (>50 years) and resultant increases in non‐PTLD DNMs. Furthermore, characteristically in LDLT, the fewer the donor‐recipient HLA‐mismatches, the less the post‐transplant DNMs development.

Conclusion

DNM development after LDLT was significantly higher than in the general population due to higher PTLD incidence (1993‐1998), but once became equivalent (2005‐2013), then significantly increased again (2014‐2019) due to recent recipient aging and resultant increase in solid cancers.
A Statovirus‐like virus from respiratory tracts of patients, China
Authors: Song Ke , Ye Run‐Ze , Li Yu‐Yu , Gong Cheng , Xia Luo‐Yuan , Gao Wan‐Ying , Wang Zhen‐Fei , Wang Ning , Cheng Nuo , Zhang Ming‐Zhu , Du Yi‐Di , Xie Hui , Zhu Dai‐Yun , Shi Wenqiang , Li Mao‐Zhong , Zhao Lin , Jia Na , Jiang Jia‐Fu , Cui Xiao‐Ming , Huang Fang , Cao Wu‐Chun
Published: June 2024

The emerging evidence of human infections with emerging viruses suggests their potential public health importance. A novel taxon of viruses named Statoviruses (for stool‐associated Tombus‐like viruses) was recently identified in the gastrointestinal tracts of multiple mammals. Here we report the discovery of respiratory Statovirus‐like viruses (provisionally named Restviruses) from the respiratory tracts of five patients experiencing acute respiratory disease with Human coronavirus OC43 infection through the retrospective analysis of meta‐transcriptomic data. Restviruses shared 53.1%–98.8% identities of genomic sequences with each other and 39.9%–44.3% identities with Statoviruses. The phylogenetic analysis revealed that Restviruses together with a Stato‐like virus from nasal‐throat swabs of Vietnamese patients with acute respiratory disease, formed a well‐supported clade distinct from the taxon of Statoviruses. However, the consistent genome characteristics of Restviruses and Statoviruses suggested that they might share similar evolutionary trajectories. These findings warrant further studies to elucidate the etiological and epidemiological significance of the emerging Restviruses.
Surface contamination of cytotoxic medicine in preparation and patient care areas in Australian hospitals: a retrospective cross‐sectional study
Authors: Woodward Vincent , Panjarjian Meghrie , Devi Devika , Hanrahan Jane , Soriano Michael , Roper Matt , Musa Hala , Davies Stephanie , Samios Peter , Teh Michael , Barclay Peter , Naughtin Clare , Vaillancourt Régis , Nikolaidis Carl , Pelland Bryan , Penm Jonathan
Published: June 2024

Background

Cytotoxic medicine contamination of preparation and administration areas of oncology healthcare facilities poses a risk to staff facing repeated low‐level exposure over time. The use of closed‐system transfer devices (CSTDs) during preparation and administration of cytotoxic products may reduce the levels of contamination. The primary aim was to determine the levels of cytotoxic medicine contamination in preparation and administration areas of hospitals that use CSTDs compared to those that do not.

Aim

The primary aim was to determine the levels of cytotoxic medicine contamination in preparation and administration areas of hospitals that use CSTDs compared to those that do not.

Method

A retrospective, cross‐sectional study across four Australian hospitals was conducted. Cytotoxic medicine contamination was determined via surface wipe sampling on six specified surfaces. The samples were tested for cyclophosphamide, docetaxel, etoposide, ifosfamide, irinotecan, methotrexate, paclitaxel, pemetrexed, topotecan, and vinblastine. This project was exempt due to the local policy requirements that constitute research by the South Eastern Sydney Local Health District Human Research Ethics Committee (Reference no: ETH01899). The justification for this ethics exemption was as follows: this was a study involving sample testing only and did not include human participants or participation.

Results

Environmental contamination with cytotoxic medications was observed at all hospitals, regardless of the CSTD used. Of the 24 samples tested, the agent most frequently seen was ifosfamide with 29% (n = 7), followed by cyclophosphamide 13% (n = 3), and methotrexate 8% (n = 2). There was no statistically significant difference between hospitals that used CSTDs compared to hospitals that did not (25% vs 42%, p = 0.67). Contamination was more extensive in preparation areas than administration areas, and was observed on the biological safety cabinets (BSC) worktop, packaging bench, and floor in front of the BSCs.

Conclusion

All sites had contamination present for cytotoxic medicines. There was no statistically significant difference in the proportion of contaminated surfaces between sites that used CSTDs versus sites where CSTDs were not used. Only ifosfamide contamination was identified in pharmacy areas that used CSTDs. Safe work practices and staff training are encouraged to further minimise exposure risk.
High prevalence of syndromic hearing loss in Mexican children undergoing cochlear implantation
Authors: Rodriguez‐Valero Monica , Pastolero Adrian , Redfield Shelby , Medrano Alma , Abreu‐Gonzalez Melania , Gallardo‐Ollervides Jose Francisco , Cisneros Lesser Juan Carlos , Hinojosa Valencia Maria Fernanda , Poe Dennis , Shearer Eliot
Published: June 2024

Objective

Studies evaluating genetic sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) in Hispanic and Latino populations using genomic technologies are lacking. Recent data has shown that Hispanic and Latino children display lower genetic diagnostic rates despite similar prevalence rates of SNHL to their Asian and White counterparts, thus negatively affecting their clinical care. Our objective was to determine the genetic contribution to SNHL in a population of Mexican children undergoing evaluation for cochlear implantation.

Methods

Pediatric patients from Mexico with severe to profound SNHL undergoing evaluation for cochlear implantation were recruited. Exome sequencing (ES) or hearing loss gene panel testing was performed. Variant pathogenicity was established in accordance to criteria established by the American College of Medical Genetics, and variants of interest were clinically confirmed via CLIA certified laboratory.

Results

Genetic evaluation was completed for 30 Mexican children with severe to profound SNHL. A genetic cause was identified for 47% (14) of probands, and 7% (2) probands had an inconclusive result. Of the diagnoses, 10 (71%) were syndromic or likely syndromic, and 4 (29%) were nonsyndromic. Eight probands (80% of all syndromic diagnoses) were diagnosed with a syndromic form of hearing loss that mimics a nonsyndromic clinical presentation at a young age and so could not be suspected based on clinical evaluation alone without genetic testing.

Conclusion

This is the largest study to date to use comprehensive genomic testing for the evaluation of Mexican children with severe to profound SNHL. A significant proportion of children in this cohort were diagnosed with syndromic hearing loss. Future study in a larger cohort of Mexican children with varying degrees of hearing loss is required to improve the efficacy of genetic testing and timely medical intervention within these ethnically diverse populations.

Level of evidence

Level 4 (cohort study).
A Coordinating Small Organic Molecule with Tunable Lower Critical Solution Temperature for Efficient Management of Solar Radiation
Authors: Zhou Junnan , Yuan Weidong , Qing Yuxi , Du Guangyan , Li Quan
Published: June 2024

Structurally well‐defined small molecules with lower critical solution temperature (LCST) behavior offer enormous prospects for fine‐tuning their phase transition properties to be “on‐demand” applied in the specific scene but are still underexplored. Herein, a novel amphiphilic small LCST molecule is rationally designed and synthesized. The molecule, namely TG, features a conjugation of multiple short ethylene glycol (EG) chains with the functional coordinating terpyridine (Tpy) moiety. The molecule TG demonstrates excellent LCST behavior down to 0.05 × 10−3 m in a water solution. And a cloud point Tcp = 30.9 °C with a very short thermal hysteresis ΔT = 0.2 °C and good reversibility can be achieved when c = 0.1 × 10−3 m. The excellent LCST properties of TG have enabled its successful performance as the smart window for solar radiation management with the ∆Tlum, ∆TIR, and ∆Tsol being 83.6%, 49.1%, and 67.2%, respectively. Moreover, the presence of Tpy moiety in TG enables its coordination with Ru3+ and the resulting complex also exhibits modulated LCST behavior with different concentration‐dependent Tcp. These studies would provide novel small‐molecule‐based scaffolds for constructing better solar radiation management systems as well as other thermal‐responsive smart materials.
Report: CCBHCs provided treatment, care for 3 million with MH, SUD
Authors: Canady Valerie A.
Published: June 2024

Expanding timely access to mental health (MH) and substance use disorder (SUD) care, investing in the behavioral health workforce and expanding the availability of services across the crisis continuum, are just a few highlights of a report on Certified Community Behavioral Health Clinics (CCBHCs) released June 4 by the National Council for Mental Wellbeing (National Council). The new report coincided with the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services' (HHS) announcement to add 10 states to the CCBHC Medicaid Demonstration Program.
988 among Alabama's priorities for use of opioid settlement cash
Authors: Enos Gary
Published: June 2024

A newly signed supplemental appropriations bill in Alabama offers an example of how states can leverage opioid settlement funds to support programs that cross over into mental health. This and other recently adopted legislation in the state also illustrate policymakers' growing appreciation of the intersection of mental health and substance use issues for many individuals.
Racial‐ethnic differences in ADHD diagnosis, treatment found
Authors: Canady Valerie A.
Published: June 2024

Youths from racially and ethnically minoritized groups may be less likely to receive attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) care during the transition to adulthood, according to researchers of a new study published online in Psychiatric Services.
Alabama weighs in on being added to CCBHC program
Authors: Canady Valerie A.
Published: June 2024

Last week the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) announced that Alabama is joining nine other states to be part of the Certified Community Behavioral Health Clinic (CCBHC) Medicaid Demonstration Program (see story, page 1).
Extracorporeal shockwave therapy in treatment of chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome: Systematic review and meta‐analyses
Authors: Labetov Ivan , Vaganova Anastasia , Kovalev Gleb , Shkarupa Dmitry
Published: June 2024

Aims

Chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CP/CPPS) prevalence varies from 8.4% to 25% of the male population and is associated with diminished health‐related quality of life. Managing CP/CPPS remains challenging and there is not any common option to treat all patients effectively because of the complex disease nature. The currently available data for the extracorporeal shockwave therapy (eSWT) effect on pain relief and well‐being were analyzed in the present study.

Methods

We adhered to PRISMA 2022 guidelines for reporting the quantitative and qualitative data synthesis. A literature search was conducted in March 2023 using PubMed/Medline, Scopus, and Google Scholar. Randomized prospective studies of eSWT alone or eSWT plus conventional medicinal treatment were included. The risk of bias was estimated using the RoB 2.0. Primary outcomes were self‐reported scores, including the NIH‐CPSI questionnaire and VAS, at 1 month or 2, 3, and 6, months follow‐up.

Results

The CP/CPPS patients who receive eSWT have more pronounced pain relief and improvement of other subjective NIH‐CPSI scores compared with control groups that received placebo or medication therapy. The effect of eSWT seems to be long‐lasting and was confirmed in the 6‐month follow‐up (p < 0.01).

Conclusions

Based on the meta‐analysis of accessible studies, we receive the equivalence eSWT applicability for the CP/CPPS treatment and can be offered to patients because of its noninvasiveness, high level of safety, and successful clinical results demonstrated in this analysis.
Indirect 1H–[13C] MRS of the human brain at 7 T using a 13C‐birdcage coil and eight transmit–receive 1H‐dipole antennas with a 32‐channel 1H‐receive array
Authors: Jacobs Sarah M. , Prompers Jeanine J. , van der Kemp Wybe J. M. , van der Velden Tijl A. , Gosselink Mark , Meliadò Ettore Flavio , Hoogduin Hans M. , Mason Graeme F. , de Graaf Robin A. , Miller Corin O. , Bredael Gerard M. , van der Kolk Anja G. , Alborahal Cezar , Klomp Dennis W. J. , Wiegers Evita C.
Published: June 2024

The neuronal tricarboxylic acid and glutamate/glutamine (Glu/Gln) cycles play important roles in brain function. These processes can be measured in vivo using dynamic 1H–[13C] MRS during administration of 13C‐labeled glucose. Proton‐observed carbon‐edited (POCE) MRS enhances the signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR) compared with direct 13C‐MRS. Ultra‐high field further boosts the SNR and increases spectral dispersion; however, even at 7 T, Glu and Gln 1H‐resonances may overlap. Further gain can be obtained with selective POCE (selPOCE). Our aim was to create a setup for indirect dynamic 1H–[13C] MRS in the human brain at 7 T. A home‐built non‐shielded transmit–receive 13C‐birdcage head coil with eight transmit–receive 1H‐dipole antennas was used together with a 32‐channel 1H‐receive array. Electromagnetic simulations were carried out to ensure that acquisitions remained within local and global head SAR limits. POCE‐MRS was performed using slice‐selective excitation with semi‐localization by adiabatic selective refocusing (sLASER) and stimulated echo acquisition mode (STEAM) localization, and selPOCE‐MRS using STEAM. Sequences were tested in a phantom containing non‐enriched Glu and Gln, and in three healthy volunteers during uniformly labeled 13C‐glucose infusions. In one subject the voxel position was alternated between bi‐frontal and bi‐occipital placement within one session. [4‐13C]Glu‐H4 and [4‐13C]Gln‐H4 signals could be separately detected using both STEAM‐POCE and STEAM‐selPOCE in the phantom. In vivo, [4,5‐13C]Glx could be detected using both sLASER‐POCE and STEAM‐POCE, with similar sensitivities, but [4,5‐13C]Glu and [4,5‐13C]Gln signals could not be completely resolved. STEAM‐POCE was alternately performed bi‐frontal and bi‐occipital within a single session without repositioning of the subject, yielding similar results. With STEAM‐selPOCE, [4,5‐13C]Glu and [4,5‐13C]Gln could be clearly separated. We have shown that with our setup indirect dynamic 1H–[13C] MRS at 7 T is feasible in different locations in the brain within one session, and by using STEAM‐selPOCE it is possible to separate Glu from Gln in vivo while obtaining high quality spectra.
Getting linear time in graphs of bounded neighborhood diversity
Authors: Cordasco Gennaro , Gargano Luisa , Rescigno Adele A.
Published: June 2024

Parameterized complexity, introduced to efficiently solve NP‐hard problems for small values of a fixed parameter, has been recently used as a tool to speed up algorithms for tractable problems. Following this line of research, we design algorithms parameterized by neighborhood diversity () for several graph theoretic problems in : Maximum ‐Matching, Triangle Counting and Listing, Girth, Global Minimum Vertex Cut, and Perfect Graphs Recognition. Such problems are known to admit algorithms parameterized by modular‐width () and consequently—as is a special case of —by . However, the proposed novel algorithms allow for improving the computational complexity from time —where and denote, respectively, the number of vertices and edges in the input graph—to time which is only additive in the size of the input. Then we consider some classical NP‐hard problems (Maximum independent set, Maximum clique, and Minimum dominating set) and show that for several classes of hereditary graphs, they admit linear time algorithms for sufficiently small—nonnecessarily constant—values of the neighborhood diversity parameter.
Isolation, screening, and characterization of polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA)‐producing Cellulosimicrobium cellulans: A promising approach for eco‐friendly biopolymer production
Authors: Mahajan Megha , Gokilalakshmi Shanmugaselvam , Balavaishnavi Balasubramanian , Kamaraj Murugesan , Nithya T. G. , Govarthanan M.
Published: June 2024

The replacement of synthetic plastics with eco‐friendly biopolymers is a notable approach in the modern world. Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) have gained a lot of attention among researchers in recent decades. This study aimed to isolate and screen microorganisms capable of producing PHA from composite samples. Several composting unit samples were collected and used to isolate 15 distinct colonies which were then screened for PHA synthesis. Three isolates‐SS2, SSNA 1a, and SF2‐showed promising PHA production. Among these isolates, SS2 had the highest PHA content of 70.1%. The isolate SS2 was determined as Cellulosimicrobium cellulans DSM 43879 by gene sequencing. The polymer produced by SS2 was further characterized. The presence of carbonyl groups and ester linkages in the PHA polymer was established by Fourier transform infrared analysis. The polymer's crystalline nature was validated by X‐ray powder diffraction measurement. Scanning electron microscope study revealed thread‐like forms with a rough surface while energy dispersive X‐ray analysis revealed a low impurity content that was primarily composed of carbon and oxygen with traces of other elements. Overall, the findings indicate C. cellulans potential as an ideal candidate for efficient PHA synthesis supporting its commercial potential in diverse applications.
Beyond driver mutations: exploring the landscape of mutational signatures in adenocarcinomas of the bladder†
Authors: Szarvas Tibor , Reis Henning
Published: June 2024

The emergence of mutational signatures in cancer research represents a paradigm shift, offering profound insights into tumor biology, therapeutic strategies, and risk assessment. A recent article published in The Journal of Pathology delves into the significance of mutational signatures, assessing their role as molecular fingerprints that illuminate the etiology of individual cancer cases. By deciphering the diverse patterns of DNA alterations, in the context of urachal and nonurachal bladder adenocarcinomas, researchers can unravel intrinsic and environmental risk factors shaping cancer development. The study highlighted a predominance of environmental risk factors in Chinese populations affected by bladder adenocarcinomas. In this context, in this commentary, we highlight some of the potential applications of molecular signatures in differential diagnosis and therapy prediction. As the field continues to evolve, a deeper understanding of mutational signatures promises to revolutionize precision oncology by offering personalized approaches informed by comprehensive mutational patterns of tumors. © 2024 The Authors. The Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
A novel post‐forming method for fully cured thermosetting composite parts: Prediction and investigation
Authors: Sun Lishuai , Xie Chenyang , Liu Chuang , Wang Junbiao
Published: June 2024

The objective of this work is to devise a post‐forming technique capable of accurately and significantly altering the shape of fully cured thermosetting composite parts. To accomplish this goal, the viscoelastic behavior and resulting deformation of fully cured parts at elevated temperatures were predicted and examined using viscoelastic mechanics, finite element analysis (FEA), surrogate modeling, and the particle swarm optimization (PSO) method. Firstly, the mechanism of fully cured parts' shape adjustment based on viscoelastic mechanics was introduced, and a method was established for the inverse identification of the stress relaxation ratio in the different directions of material. Secondly, an FEA model for predicting post‐forming was developed based on the standard linear‐solid viscoelastic model. A dataset was then compiled using parameterized FEA to train a rapid prediction model for post‐forming. The influence of various forming and structural parameters on the post‐forming process was examined. The results indicate that layup has the most significant impact, followed by displacement and temperature. The radial basis function was selected to construct the precise surrogate model after comparing it with the Kriging model and the Response Surface Methodology (RSM) model. Ultimately, to achieve the desired shape after post‐forming, the PSO method can be employed to determine the ideal combination of forming parameters.

Highlights

The post‐forming method could adjust the shape of fully cured composites.

The mechanism of post‐forming is based on viscoelastic behavior.

An accurate FEA based on the standard linear‐solid model was established.

The radial basis function was developed for quick and precise prediction.

The particle swarm optimization could obtain the ideal forming parameters.