bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Spatial Heterogeneity Perspective in Analyzing Cancer Mortality Distribution Using GIS
Authors: BAGARINAO RICARDO T.
Published: July 2015

An ecological spatial variation analysis of cancer incidence and mortality is increasingly important, as cancer has become a major cause of death across the globe. Using the concept of spatial heterogeneity as analytical framework, a spatial distribution analysis that used GIS was conducted for the cases of cancer mortality in Los Baños, Laguna, Philippines. Complete data retrieval was conducted for cases between 1990 and 2010 from the Registry Office of the Municipality. Data visualization and analysis were done using the graduated color legend type of the GIS software. Spatial units were delineated following the communities political boundary of Municipality. Descriptive statistics was computed to describe spatial variations of cases. Results indicate that cancer mortality is highly heterogeneous across spatial units. The highest number of cases is in Batong Malake. The number of cases reduces as it moves away from this area. It is recommended that an in-depth study be conducted to determine the causes of these spatial trends of cancer mortality to contextualize its interventions or reduction and management programs. Keywords - Biostatistics, spatial heterogeneity, cancer mortality, geographic information system, Los Baños, Laguna, Philippines
Ecological Beliefs and Practices of the Public: A Primer for Environmental Protection
Authors: BINAG GEE MARIE S.
Published: July 2015

Belief systems have a considerable effect on environmental attitudes and can, therefore, play a major role in ecological conservation practices. The study was conducted to determine the ecological beliefs and practices of the public from Trento, Samal and Davao City, Philippines. Furthermore, it aimed to determine the relationship between protection and conservation of their land environment, which includes the flora and fauna. A total of 423 respondents from selected places were the participants. This study utilized the descriptive-correlational research method in order to document the beliefs and practices of the people. It described the Ecological traditional beliefs and practices of the people that could help protect and preserve the environment, particularly the flora and fauna. It made use of the questionnaire as the prime source of information supported by interviews and Focus Group Discussion. Data were analyzed using statistical tools like the mean score and Pearson product moment correlation. The results revealed that there was a significant relationship between the ecological belief and ecological practices of the public. However, no significant relationship was noted between the practices and the beliefs of the Public towards the flora because they also cut trees during a poor crop harvest, engaged in logging as an alternative source of income during rainy season. Moreover, towing cut logs from an environment where the buyer was waiting, and on the way they cared for the fauna and their land and environment. Hunting and fishing were limited and controlled by purpose. Thus, the ecological beliefs and practices should be disseminated to the young people not only verbally but also in writing for the benefit of the coming generation. Keywords - Social Science, practices, ecological beliefs, primer, public, environmental protection, descriptive design, Philippines
Concentrations of Rare Trace Elements in Major Irrigated Rice Areas of the Philippines
Authors: MAGAHUD JEHRU C. , SANCHEZ PEARL B. , BADAYOS RODRIGO B.
Published: July 2015

Concentrations of strontium (Sr), rubidium (Rb), titanium (Ti), and zirconium (Zr) are relevant to agricultural, environmental quality and health and disease investigations. A study was then conducted to assess them in rice areas and determine the sources of high element levels relative to soil properties, land uses, irrigation water, and plant uptake. Thirty-two (32) soil and plant samples were collected in agricultural areas of the Philippines representing the major soil series devoted to irrigated rice production. Soil Sr levels were higher than the world average of 175 mg/kg. The highest Sr levels were found in Polangui (Albay), Tacurong City (Sultan Kudarat), and Sta. Cruz (Laguna). These Sr levels can be due to the soils’ high sand or available phosphorus (P) contents as Sr occurs in sand-sized soil fractions, and its sorption in soils is enhanced by high phosphate concentrations. Soil Rb levels in Kabacan (North Cotabato) and San Miguel (Iloilo) were higher than the range for Philippine rice or paddy soils (0–29 mg/kg). The level in San Miguel can be due to the soil’s high available P and neutral pH while the level in Kabacan can be due to the soil’s clay texture in its lower horizons. Titanium levels were highest (>205 mg/kg) in rice tops collected from Muñoz City (Nueva Ecija), but the reason for such high levels needs further investigations. Zirconium levels were highest (>18 mg/kg) in rice tops collected from Casiguran (Sorsogon), and Minalabac and Milaor (Camarines Sur). Such Zr levels can be due to the soils’ high clay and organic matter (OM) contents that promoted soil saturation by water. Index of bioaccumulation for Rb is 2.56, indicating that it can be easily taken up by rice plants. This study suggests that trace element concentrations in rice areas are controlled by soil properties and that Rb can be a potential toxic element in rice plants. Keywords - Soil science, rare trace elements, trace element sources, rice soils, Philippines
Chlorophyll Content, Cell Size, Growth and Resistance to Coconut Scale Insect (Aspidiotus rigidus Reyne) of Buri Palms (Corypha utan Lam.) as Influenced by Diﬀerent Hoagland Concentrations
Authors: TAYRUS LOURDES B. , ABASOLO WILLIE P. , PAMPOLINA NELSON M.
Published: July 2015

Buri palms (Corypha utan Lam.) is the third most important non-timber forest resource of the Philippines because of its multiple uses. It is now being threatened by the coconut scale insect (Aspidiotus rigidus Reyne) epidemic due to its similarity to coconut palms. In order to protect this very important resource, this research was carried out to determine the effect of different Hoagland concentration on the growth and resistance of buri palms to coconut scale insects. Chlorophyll content was determined using Apogee CCM-200 plus Chlorophyll meter. Cell size of the mesophyll layer and leaf thickness was measured using Image J (1.43m) software. Similarly, shoot length, root length, leaf area and plant biomass was measured. Coconut scale insect count was also performed. Chlorophyll content and leaf thickness were unaffected while cell sizes of the mesophyll layer were significantly increased with varying Hoagland concentration. Interestingly, insect count was significantly affected by the treatment. Plants grown in 50% Hoagland solution gave the highest insect population at 71, twice as much as that of 100% concentration with only 36. Treating the plant with 100% Hoagland solution induced the formation of raphides crystals of calcium oxalate on the leaf surface. This provided an added protective layer on the leaf that made it less preferred by the insect. For this reason, improving the nutrition of the plant is a better and safer alternative to reducing the susceptibility of buri palms to coconut scale insect attack. Keywords - Chlorophyll count index, coconut scale insect, experimental design, Aspidiotus rigidus, Corypha utan, Hoagland’s solution, plant nutrition, calcium oxalate, Philippines
Competitive Ability, Critical Period of Competition, and Density Level of Hydrolea zeylanica (L.) Vahl against Transplanted-Irrigated Lowland Rice
Authors: DONAYRE DINDO KING M. , ENDINO-TAYSON CHERRY A.
Published: July 2015

Determining the competitive ability of a certain weed is a valuable guide as to what, where, and when best weed management techniques must be implemented. Likewise, identifying the critical period of weed-crop competition will help crop growers as to when weeds must be controlled or maybe allowed to compete with crops without having significant yield loss and unacceptable economic returns. Pot experiments were conducted to determine the competitive ability, critical period of competition, and density level of Hydrolea zeylanica (L.) Vahl under transplanted-irrigated lowland rice conditions. Treatments for the duration of weed-free period involved keeping rice plants free from H. zeylanica within periods of 10, 20, 30, 40, and 50 DAT; while the duration of tolerable period of competition involved allowing of the weed to compete with rice from 0 DAT, then simultaneously uprooted at 10, 20, 30, 40, and 50 DAT. In the critical density level experiment, H. zeylanica was allowed to compete with rice plants from 0 DAT until harvest at a ratio of 1:1, 1:3, 1:5, 1:7, 1:10, and 1:20 (rice: Hydrolea). Unweeded (control) and weed-free (check) treatments until harvest were included for comparison. Results showed that H. zeylanica was a very competitive weed against transplanted-irrigated lowland rice. When allowed to grow and compete, the weed signifi cantly reduced rice grain yield and its vital agronomic parts. Th e critical period of competition based on classical method suggested that H. zeylanica can be allowed to compete only within 5 to 40 DAT and 10 to 30 DAT to control yield reduction at 5 and 10%, respectively. Th e estimations of Gompertz and logistic models suggested that H. zeylanica should not be allowed to compete within 0 to 700 GDD to achieve 100% relative grain yield. Under unavoidable circumstances in the fi eld, however, the models suggested that the weed can be allowed to compete with transplanted rice within 0 to 670 GDD and 5 to 580 GDD to minimize yield reductions at 5 and 10%. Furthermore, the negative eff ects of the weed on grain yield and yield components intensified when it was allowed to compete in dense population. Yields of rice that competed with H. zeylanica at 1:1, 1:3, 1:5, 1:7, 1:10, and 1:20 rice:weed ratios  were reduced by 18.99, 24.68, 23.80, 35.46, 51.72, and 55.90%, in the same order. Keywords - Hydrolea zeylanica, Oryza sativa, weed ecology, weed control, logistic model, Gompertz model, Philippines
CO2Storage Capacity
Authors: Hedley B. J. , Gluyas J. G.
Published: July 2015

Capture of carbon dioxide emissions from industry and their subsequent storage deep below the Earth's surface in porous rocks has great potential for reducing the release of greenhouse gases into the atmosphere. Carbon capture and storage (CCS) could provide humankind with a plausible transition to a low carbon economy without having to suddenly stop use of fossil fuels.

A prerequisite for geostorage of carbon dioxide is determination of storage capacity, of a potential site, a geological province or indeed for a whole country. The approach to calculation of the resource (available pore space) for carbon dioxide storage shares much in common with the process used to estimate oil, gas, or indeed aquifer water volume. The calculation involves the following stages: measurement of gross rock volume, calculation of net (porous) rock volume, calculation of void space, and finally determination of how much of the void space could be filled with carbon dioxide. The accuracy with which the first three calculations can be made is determined by the quantity and quality of the data available. Typically, gross rock volume is not measured directly but instead combines geographic location data with time domain information from seismic reflection surveys then subject to interpretation of the horizons of interest. Net to gross and porosity tend to be measured very accurately for individual wells or parts of wells but as formation architecture is both heterogeneous and anisotropic, further uncertainties are introduced in the upscaling process from single or multiple wells to field (storage site). However, the most difficult step in the calculation is the final one; what proportion of the void space can be occupied byCO2? Theoretically, the whole of the pore space could be occupied byCO2, but in practice, it will not be possible to remove all of the water or petroleum from a system used for carbon storage. Some of the existing fluids (water or petroleum) will not be displaced.

For a regional assessment of storage capacity, here has been a tendency to use an “efficiency factor”—that is a very small number which when applied to the large pore volume calculated gives a plausible storage volume! The calculation may also be subject to numerical simulation in an adaptation of the same approach used by (petroleum) reservoir engineers. Efficiency factors of a small percentage or less are the norm. For an individual, well‐characterized site, it is likely to be possible to fill a much greater portion of the pore space. Observations inCO2‐enhanced oil recovery (EOR) projects have indicated that it may be possible to displace 40% or more of the pore fluids. Indeed, it is the potential for enhanced oil (and gas) recovery which may drive our understanding of the displacement process. EOR projects are more likely to get funded in the short term because they generate a revenue stream.

In addition to storage ofCO2in conventional reservoirs, options exist for storage and/or sequestration in unconventional reservoir systems (shales, coals, and fractured basement rocks).
Mechanistic Studies of Transition Metal‐Terephthalate Coordination Complexes upon Electrochemical Lithiation and Delithiation
Authors: Lee Hyun Ho , Park Yuwon , Kim Su Hwan , Yeon Sun‐Hwa , Kwak Sang Kyu , Lee Kyu Tae , Hong Sung You
Published: July 2015

Redox‐active organic molecules are intriguing candidates as active electrode materials for next‐generation rechargeable batteries due to their structural diversity, environmental friendliness, and solution‐phase preparation processes. Recently, a transition metal–organic coordination approach is exploited to construct high capacity anodes for lithium‐ion rechargeable batteries. Here, a family of transition metal–organic coordination complexes with terephthalate ligands is synthesized that exhibit reversible capacities above 1100 mA h g−1. The reaction mechanism to describe the multi‐electron redox processes is investigated at the molecular‐level via the synchrotron‐sourced X‐ray absorption spectroscopy and solid‐state NMR analyses. The spectroscopic studies reveal that the electrochemical process involves oxidation state changes of the transition metals followed by additional lithium insertion/extraction in the conjugated aromatic ligands. The combined approaches assisted by synthetic organic chemistry and solid‐state analysis provide mechanistic insights into excessive lithiation processes that have implications for the design of high‐performance anode materials.
Hard Radiation Detection from the Selenophosphate Pb2P2Se6
Authors: Wang Peng L. , Liu Zhifu , Chen Pice , Peters John A. , Tan Gangjian , Im Jino , Lin Wenwen , Freeman Arthur J. , Wessels Bruce W. , Kanatzidis Mercouri G.
Published: July 2015

The heavy metal selenophosphate, Pb2P2Se6, is a promising new material for cost‐effective X‐ray/γ‐ray detection. Crystal boules of Pb2P2Se6 up to 25 mm in length and 15 mm in diameter are grown by a vertical Bridgman method. They are cut and processed into size‐appropriate wafers for physical, photo‐transport property studies, as well as γ‐ray detector testing. The material is a semiconductor with an indirect bandgap of 1.88 eV and has electrical resistivity in the range of 1 × 1010 Ω cm. Pb2P2Se6 single crystal samples display a significant photoconductivity response to optical, X‐ray, and γ‐ray radiation. When tested with a 57Co γ‐ray source, Pb2P2Se6 crystals show spectroscopic response and several generated pulse height spectra resolving the 122.1 and 136.5 keV 57Co radiation. The mobility–lifetime product of Pb2P2Se6 is estimated to be ≈3.5 × 10−5 cm2 V−1 for electron carriers. The Pb2P2Se6 compound melts congruently at 812 °C and has robust chemical/physical properties that promise low cost bulk production and detector development.
Asymmetric Construction of Spirooxindoles by Organocatalytic Multicomponent Reactions Using Diazooxindoles
Authors: Wu Ming‐Yue , He Wei‐Wei , Liu Xin‐Yuan , Tan Bin
Published: July 2015

The first highly diastereo‐ and enantioselective multicomponent reaction of diazooxindoles, nitrosoarenes, and nitroalkenes using a newly developed hydrogen‐bond catalyst has been successfully developed for the efficient construction of a series of spirooxindole derivatives with excellent functional‐group tolerance. Spirooxindoles are formed in excellent yields and stereoselectivities, and the method represents an unprecedented approach for trapping the active intermediate with a nitroalkene to form biologically important compounds having three contiguous stereogenic centers with excellent asymmetric induction.
A xeno‐free microcarrier‐based stirred culture system for the scalable expansion of human mesenchymal stem/stromal cells isolated from bone marrow and adipose tissue
Authors: Carmelo Joana G. , Fernandes‐Platzgummer Ana , Diogo Maria Margarida , da Silva Cláudia Lobato , Cabral Joaquim M. S.
Published: July 2015

Human mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSC) are promising candidates for cell‐based therapies and the development of microcarrier‐based cultures in scalable bioreactors with well‐defined xenogeneic‐free components represent important milestones towards the clinical‐scale production of these cells. In this work, we optimized our previously developed xeno‐free microcarrier‐based system for the scalable expansion of human MSC isolated from bone marrow (BM MSC) and adipose‐derived stem/stromal cells (ASC). By adapting the agitation/feeding protocol at the initial cell seeding/cultivation stage in spinner flasks, we were able to maximize cell expansion rate and final cell yield. Maximal cell densities of 3.6 × 105 and 1.9 × 105 cells/mL were obtained for BM MSC (0.60 ± 0.04 day–1) and ASC (0.9 ± 0.1 day–1) cultures, upon seven and eight days of cultivation, respectively. Ready‐to‐use microcarriers Synthemax® II and Enhanced Attachment® supported identical expansion performance of BM MSC, turning those effective alternatives to the pre‐coated plastic microcarriers used in our xeno‐free scalable culture system. Importantly, expanded MSC maintained their immunophenotype and multilineage differentiation potential. Moreover, secretome analysis suggested a priming effect of stirred culture conditions on cytokine production by MSC. This culture system yielded considerable final cell densities that can be scaled‐up to controlled large‐scale bioreactors allowing a more efficient, safe and cost‐effective MSC production for clinical settings.
ChemInform Abstract: Stark Sublevels in Tm3+—Yb3+ Codoped Na2Y2B2O7 Nanophosphor for Multifunctional Applications.
Authors: Soni Abhishek Kumar , Dey Riya , Rai Vineet Kumar
Published: July 2015

Tm3+, Yb3+ co‐doped Na2Y2B2O7 with an average crystallite size of 18‐20 nm is prepared by solution combustion of a stoichiometric mixture of Y2O3, H3BO3, Na2CO3, Tm2O3, and Yb2O3 in conc.
ChemInform Abstract: Isothermal Section of the Ternary Phase Diagram U—Fe—Ge at 900 °C and Its New Intermetallic Phases.
Authors: Henriques M. S , Berthebaud D. , Lignie A. , El Sayah Z. , Moussa C. , Tougait O. , Havela L. , Goncalves A. P.
Published: July 2015

The isothermal section at 900 °C of the phase diagram of the U—Fe—Ge ternary system is investigated by melting and annealing the elements for 4 weeks prior to quenching in H2O.
ChemInform Abstract: Theory and Practice: Bulk Synthesis of C3B and Its H2‐ and Li‐Storage Capacity.
Authors: Wright Dominic S. , et al.
Published: July 2015

Bulk preparation of graphitic C3B is achieved by thermolysis of 1,3‐(BBr2)2C6H4 (evacuated silica tubes, 800 °C, 1 h; cooling rate of 5 °C/min; ≈100% yield).
ChemInform Abstract: A Unique Fluoride Nanocontainer: Porous Molecular Capsules Can Accommodate an Unusually High Number of “Rather Labile” Fluoride Anions.
Authors: Garai Somenath , Rubcic Mirta , Boegge Hartmut , Haupt Erhard T. K. , Gouzerh Pierre , Mueller Achim
Published: July 2015

Porous molecular nanocontainers of the {Mo132} Keplerate [{(MoVI)MoVI5O21 (H2O) 5F}12{MoV2O4(F) (H2O)}30]·≈250H2O (I) precipitates from an aqueous HF solution of [NH4]72 [{(Mo)Mo5O21 (H2O)6}12{Mo2O4 (CO3)}30]·≈260H2O (II) and Me2NH2F (air, 5 d, 66% yield).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis, Crystal Structure, Sintering and Electrical Properties of a New Alluaudite‐Like Triple Molybdate K0.13Na3.87MgMo3O12.
Authors: Ennajeh Ines , Georges Samuel , Ben Smida Youssef , Guesmi Abderrahmen , Zid Mohamed Faouzi , Boughazala Habib
Published: July 2015

Single crystals of alluaudite‐type K0.13Na3.87MgMo3O12 are prepared by solid state reaction of Na2CO3, K2CO3, (NH4)2Mo4O13, and Mg(NO3)2 (Na:K:Mo:Mg = 3.8:0.2:3:1, air, porcelain crucible, 700 °C, 7 d; cooling to 600 °C with a rate of 5 °C/d; quenching to 25 °C).
ChemInform Abstract: Mild and Selective Activation and Substitution of Strong Aliphatic C—F Bonds.
Authors: Janjetovic Mario , Traeff Annika M. , Hilmersson Goeran
Published: July 2015

A new method for C—F bond activation and direct transformation into a C—N bond is reported.
ChemInform Abstract: Carboxylation of Terminal Alkynes with CO2 Catalyzed by Bis(amidate) Rare‐Earth Metal Amides.
Authors: Cheng Hao , Zhao Bei , Yao Yingming , Lu Chengrong
Published: July 2015

Three bis(amidate) rare‐earth metal amides are synthesized (containing lanthanum, neodymium and yttrium) which are found to be efficient catalysts for the direct carboxylation of terminal alkynes with CO2.
ChemInform Abstract: Preparation, Characterization and Application of Succinimidinium Hydrogensulfate ([H‐Suc]HSO4) as an Efficient Ionic Liquid Catalyst for the N‐Boc Protection of Amines.
Authors: Shirini Farhad , Jolodar Omid Goli , Seddighi Mohadeseh , Borujeni Hojatollah Takbiri
Published: July 2015

The catalyst is efficient for the N‐protection of a wide range of amines.
ChemInform Abstract: Harmony of CdI2 with CuBr for the One‐Pot Synthesis of Optically Active α‐Allenols.
Authors: Zhang Jiasheng , Ye Juntao , Ma Shengming
Published: July 2015

Terminal propargylic alcohols react with in situ generated imines in the presence of a chiral ligand and both CuBr and CdI2 towards optically active allenols.
ChemInform Abstract: Visible Light Promoted Thiol‐Ene Reactions Using Titanium Dioxide.
Authors: Bhat Venugopal T. , Duspara Petar A. , Seo Sangwon , Abu Bakar Nor Syazwani Binti , Greaney Michael F.
Published: July 2015

The applied titanium dioxide is titania P25 nanoparticles.
ChemInform Abstract: Electrochemical Hydrodefluorination of Fluoroaromatic Compounds.
Authors: Wu Wen‐Bin , Li Mei‐Li , Huang Jing‐Mei
Published: July 2015

The highly efficient electrochemical hydrodefluorination of monofluoroaromatic compounds promoted by NaBH4 proceeds with high selectivity and gives the desired products in high yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Regioselective Iodoazidation of Alkynes: Synthesis of α,α‐Diazidoketones.
Authors: Okamoto Noriko , Sueda Takuya , Minami Hideki , Miwa Yoshihisa , Yanada Reiko
Published: July 2015

and the subsequent Huisgen cyclization to bis‐triazoles
ChemInform Abstract: Resolution of Diols via Catalytic Asymmetric Acetalization.
Authors: Kim Ji Hye , Coric Ilija , Palumbo Chiara , List Benjamin
Published: July 2015

Optically active imidodiphosphoric acid catalysts (I) are used in the title reactions with tertiary alcohols.
ChemInform Abstract: Copper‐Catalyzed Synthesis of 1,2‐Diketones via Oxidation of Alkynes.
Authors: Xu Ning , Gu Da‐Wei , Dong Yan‐Sheng , Yi Feng‐Ping , Cai Liangzhen , Wu Xin‐Yan , Guo Xun‐Xiang
Published: July 2015

The efficient title reaction uses catalytic amounts of an inexpensive copper catalyst and shows a good functional group tolerance of aryl alkynes.
ChemInform Abstract: Enantiomerically Pure 3‐Aryl‐ and 3‐Hetaryl‐2‐hydroxypropanoic Acids by Chemoenzymatic Reduction of 2‐Oxo Acids.
Authors: Sivanathan Sivatharushan , Koerber Florian , Tent Jannis Aron , Werner Svenja , Scherkenbeck Juergen
Published: July 2015

A coupled enzyme system in one pot allows the preparation of the title compounds in enantiomerically pure form.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Ketenaminals via Catalyst‐Free Hydroamination of Ynamides and Diphenylsulfonimide.
Authors: Yu Lian , Deng Yuan , Cao Jian
Published: July 2015

The scalable transformation of aryl ynamides proceeds with excellent E selectivity whereas alkyl ynamides form mixtures of E/Z isomers.
ChemInform Abstract: Hydroxysulfenylation of Electron‐Deficient Alkenes Through an Aerobic Copper Catalysis.
Authors: Xi Hui , Deng Bicheng , Zong Zhenzhen , Lu Shenglin , Li Zhiping
Published: July 2015

Internal alkenes, e.
ChemInform Abstract: BF3·Et2O Catalyzed Allylation of Oxindoles with Allyl Trichloroacetimidate.
Authors: Ma Jiao , Zhou Ling , Chen Jie
Published: July 2015

Substituted oxindoles are efficiently allylated using allyl trichloroacetimidates as electrophiles.
ChemInform Abstract: A New Strategy for the Synthesis of Dioxime Ether Derivatives with Nitromethylene Imidazolidine.
Authors: Zeng Hui , Dong Zhengjie , Chen Xinfei , Shao Xusheng , Xu Xiaoyong , Li Zhong
Published: July 2015

Unexpectedly, treatment of ketones (I) and (IV) with alkoxyamine hydrochlorides does not provide the target oxime ethers.
ChemInform Abstract: Access to Biaryl Sulfonamides by Palladium‐Catalyzed Intramolecular Oxidative Coupling and Subsequent Nucleophilic Ring Opening of Heterobiaryl Sultams with Amines
Authors: Laha Joydev K. , Dayal Neetu , Jethava Krupal P. , Prajapati Dilip V.
Published: July 2015

or NaOEt
ChemInform Abstract: Convenient Synthesis of Benzo[4,5]thiazolo[2,3‐c][1,2,4]triazoles with 1 mol% CuCl2·2H2O as Catalyst in Water.
Authors: Wen Li‐Rong , Li Shou‐Lei , Zhang Jian , Li Ming
Published: July 2015

A general, convenient and environmentally friendly method for the synthesis of benzothiazolotriazoles (III) (27 examples) from o‐bromoarylisothiocyanates and aroylhydrazides is developed.
ChemInform Abstract: Study on the Synthesis of Novel 5‐Substituted 2‐[2‐(Pyridyl)ethenyl]‐1,3,4‐oxadiazoles and Their Acid—Base Interactions.
Authors: Kudelko Agnieszka , Jasiak Karolina , Ejsmont Krzysztof
Published: July 2015

A series of novel pyridylethenyl oxadiazoles (III) (9 examples) are efficiently synthesized by cyclocondensation of pyridylacryloyl hydrazides with orthoesters.
ChemInform Abstract: Efficient Syntheses of Ethyl 2‐Methylthio‐ and Ethyl 2‐Benzylthio‐6‐methyl(aryl)pyrimidine‐4‐carboxylates and Their Carboxylic Acid Derivatives.
Authors: Zanatta Nilo , Fortes Andressa S. , Bencke Carlos E. , Marangoni Mario A. , Camargo Adriano F. , Fantinel Cassio A. , Bonacorso Helio G. , Martins Marcos A. P.
Published: July 2015

The simple preparation of the title compounds succeeds in moderate to good yields via cyclocondensation of 4‐substituted ethyl 4‐alkoxy‐2‐oxobut‐3‐eneoates with 2‐methyl or 2‐benzylisothiourea.
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective 6‐endo Bromoaminocyclization of 2,4‐Dienyl N‐Tosylcarbamates Catalyzed by a Chiral Phosphine Oxide‐Sc(OTf)3 Complex. A Dramatic Additive Effect.
Authors: Huang Hu , Pan Hongjie , Cai Yudong , Liu Mao , Tian Hua , Shi Yian
Published: July 2015

Optically active 5‐bromo‐1,3‐oxazinan‐2‐ones are synthesized with excellent enantioselectivities and good yields by using DBDMH as the bromine source.
ChemInform Abstract: Copper‐Catalyzed Allylic C—H Phosphonation.
Authors: Yang Bin , Zhang Hong‐Yu , Yang Shang‐Dong
Published: July 2015

Phosphonation of various alkenes furnishes regio‐ and stereoselectively allyl phosphorylated products under mild conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: Stereoselective Total Synthesis of Amicoumacin C.
Authors: Suzuki Tomomi , Nagasawa Tomohiro , Enomoto Masaru , Kuwahara Shigefumi
Published: July 2015

The 13‐step synthesis of amicoumacin C (I) is achieved in 17% overall yield from l‐phenylalanine.
ChemInform Abstract: Metal‐Catalyzed Carbonylation of Alkynes: Key Aspects and Recent Development
Authors: Quintero‐Duque Samuel , Dyballa Katrin Marie , Fleischer Ivana
Published: July 2015

Review: 198 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: How Low Does Iron Go? Chasing the Active Species in Fe‐Catalyzed Cross‐Coupling Reactions
Authors: Bedford Robin B.
Published: July 2015

Review: 51 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Spin Crossover with Thermal Hysteresis: Practicalities and Lessons Learnt
Authors: Brooker Sally
Published: July 2015

Review: 91 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Recent Advances in Electrochemiluminescence
Authors: Liu Zhongyuan , Qi Wenjing , Xu Guobao
Published: July 2015

Review: recent advances, novel phenomena, and prospectives in electrochemiluminescence; 198 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: HIV‐1 Drug Discovery: Targeting Folded RNA Structures with Branched Peptides
Authors: Wynn Jessica E. , Santos Webster L.
Published: July 2015

Review: [70 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: In vitro Reconstitution of Metabolic Pathways: Insights into Nature′s Chemical Logic
Authors: Lowry Brian , Walsh Christopher T. , Khosla Chaitan
Published: July 2015

Review: [85 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Carbon Nanotube Catalysts: Recent Advances in Synthesis, Characterization and Applications
Authors: Yan Yibo , Miao Jianwei , Yang Zhihong , Xiao Fang‐Xing , Yang Hong Bin , Liu Bin , Yang Yanhui
Published: July 2015

Review: 668 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Chemical Expansion: Implications for Electrochemical Energy Storage and Conversion Devices
Authors: Bishop S. R. , Marrocchelli D. , Chatzichristodoulou C. , Perry N. H. , Mogensen M. B. , Tuller H. L. , Wachsman E. D.
Published: July 2015

Review: 196 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Organic Chemistry Streamlining Drug Synthesis
Authors: Hawkins Joel M.
Published: July 2015

Review: 11 refs.
Cytopathologic features of epithelioid inflammatory myofibroblastic sarcoma with correlation of histopathology, immunohistochemistry, and molecular cytogenetic analysis
Authors: Lee Jen‐Chieh , Wu Jiann‐Ming , Liau Jau‐Yu , Huang Hsuan‐Ying , Lo Cheng‐Yu , Jan I‐Shiow , Hornick Jason L. , Qian Xiaohua
Published: July 2015

BACKGROUND

Epithelioid inflammatory myofibroblastic sarcoma (E‐IMS) is a recently established rare variant of inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor. It is characterized by a distinctive constellation of clinical, pathological, and molecular features, including a nearly exclusive intraabdominal location, strong male predilection, aggressive clinical course, predominance of epithelioid tumor cells, and Ran‐binding protein 2 (RANBP2)‐anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) fusion in the majority of cases. To the authors’ knowledge, the cytologic features of E‐IMS have not been described to date.

METHODS

Cases of E‐IMS that had corresponding cytology were searched. Six cytology samples (1 fine‐needle aspiration sample, 2 imprint samples, and 3 effusion fluids) containing tumor cells were identified in 5 patients with E‐IMS.

RESULTS

The cytomorphology included large monotonous epithelioid cells arranged in loose aggregates or singly, with admixed myxoid stroma, and an inflammatory background rich in neutrophils. The tumor cells had a large, round, eccentric nucleus with vesicular chromatin, prominent nucleoli, and moderate amounts of pale cytoplasm. Delicate thin‐walled branching vessels traversing tumor aggregates was a prominent feature in a fine‐needle aspiration sample. Immunohistochemically, ALK was positive in all 5 tumors, with a nuclear membranous staining pattern noted in 3 cases and a cytoplasmic pattern observed in the other 2 cases. ALK rearrangement was confirmed in all 5 tumors by molecular genetic studies.

CONCLUSIONS

The cytologic features of E‐IMS recapitulate its histologic characteristics. E‐IMS merits inclusion in the differential diagnosis of any intraabdominal, large epithelioid cell neoplasm. Confirmation of ALK rearrangement is advisable because patients may benefit from targeted therapies. Cancer (Cancer Cytopathol) 2015;123:495–504. © 2015 American Cancer Society.
Formation of ZnSe and ZnS nanostructures from hybrid organic‐inorganic precursors of the type ZnSe(m‐xylylenediamine)1/2 and ZnS(1,3‐diaminopropane)1/2
Authors: Luberda‐Durnaś K. , Łasocha W.
Published: July 2015

Two hybrid organic‐inorganic materials, ZnS(1,3‐diaminopropane)1/2 {1} and ZnSe(m‐xylylenediamine)1/2 {2} were used as precursors of nanometric ZnS and ZnSe nanostructures. To obtain a single‐phase semiconductor, refluxing in different solvents (acetonitrile, 1‐octanol, 1,6‐hexanediol) with various boiling points was applied. In this method, the synergic effect between temperature and the properties of the reactant medium was used to remove amines from hybrid material containing semiconducting slabs and to form pure nanometer‐sized semiconducting grains whose properties were different than those of the corresponding bulk phases. The main goal of our research was to answer the question whether reaction conditions have an impact on the features of obtained semiconducting grains of ZnS and ZnSe. Accordingly, all obtained samples were analyzed using the powder diffraction method, UV‐vis spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy.
Investigation of morphology evolution of the In‐rich inclusions and the corresponding defects in InP single crystals
Authors: Wang S.J. , Sun N.F. , Gao L.J. , Shi Y.L. , Shao H.M. , Li X.L. , Wang Y. , Fu L.J. , Liu H.S. , Sun T.N.
Published: July 2015

Submicron, micron and millimeter‐scale In‐rich inclusions with different polyhedral morphologies are observed, which are directionally embedded in the InP matrix along <011> direction. The arrangement direction and morphological change of the In‐rich inclusions at different scales are investigated to reveal their morphology evolution. The relative size of the facets ({100} and {111}P/In) bounding the polyhedral In‐rich inclusions is different from the reported results in other crystals, especially when the size of In‐rich inclusions is up to millimeter‐scale. The growth rate dispersion effect and the initial morphologies of the In‐rich droplets have an obvious effect on the final shape of the In‐rich inclusions. Dislocation enrichment surrounding the In‐rich inclusion is observed, which is contributed to the volume expansion of liquid‐solid phase transition and the difference of the thermal expansion coefficient and thermal conductivity between In‐rich droplet and InP matrix. The size and shape of the dislocation enriched region are closely related to the size and shape of the originating In‐rich droplet and the growth condition.
Experience‐related reorganization of giant synapses in the lateral complex: Potential role in plasticity of the sky‐compass pathway in the desert ant Cataglyphis fortis
Authors: Schmitt Franziska , Stieb Sara Mae , Wehner Rüdiger , Rössler Wolfgang
Published: July 2015

Cataglyphis desert ants undergo an age‐related polyethism from interior workers to relatively short‐lived foragers with remarkable visual navigation capabilities, predominantly achieved by path integration using a polarized skylight‐based sun compass and a stride‐integrating odometer. Behavioral and physiological experiments revealed that the polarization (POL) pattern is processed via specialized UV‐photoreceptors in the dorsal rim area of the compound eye and POL sensitive optic lobe neurons. Further information about the neuronal substrate for processing of POL information in the ant brain has remained elusive. This work focuses on the lateral complex (LX), known as an important relay station in the insect sky‐compass pathway. Neuroanatomical results in Cataglyphis fortis show that LX giant synapses (GS) connect large presynaptic terminals from anterior optic tubercle neurons with postsynaptic GABAergic profiles of tangential neurons innervating the ellipsoid body of the central complex. At the ultrastructural level, the cup‐shaped presynaptic structures comprise many active zones contacting numerous small postsynaptic profiles. Three‐dimensional quantification demonstrated a significantly higher number of GS (∼13%) in foragers compared with interior workers. Light exposure, as opposed to age, was necessary and sufficient to trigger a similar increase in GS numbers. Furthermore, the increase in GS numbers was sensitive to the exclusion of UV light. As previous experiments have demonstrated the importance of the UV spectrum for sky‐compass navigation in Cataglyphis, we conclude that plasticity in LX GS may reflect processes involved in the initial calibration of sky‐compass neuronal circuits during orientation walks preceding active foraging. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol 76: 390–404, 2016
Mercury Complexes with Tripodal Pseudopeptides Derived from D‐Penicillamine Favour a HgS3 Coordination
Authors: Jullien Anne‐Solène , Gateau Christelle , Lebrun Colette , Delangle Pascale
Published: July 2015

The pseudopeptides L4 and L5 are built on a nitrilotriacetic scaffold and functionalized with three D‐penicillamine (D‐Pen) units. D‐Pen is an interesting building block and a bulkier analogue of cysteine with the β‐methylene hydrogen atoms replaced by larger methyl groups. The two sulfur ligands L4 and L5 are studied here with the toxic HgII ion. The formation of the two mononuclear complexes HgL4 and HgL5 is demonstrated by 1H NMR spectroscopy and mass spectrometry and the tristhiolato coordination is unambiguously evidenced by the UV absorption signatures. An important feature is the stabilization of the HgS3 coordination mode at the expense of the generally preferred HgS2 linear coordination. It appears that the hindered D‐Pen pseudopeptide L5 is capable of stabilizing the unusual HgS3 coordination over a large pH range in water, pH > 5.5. This water‐soluble compound can therefore be considered as a promising chelating agent for mercury detoxification.
Effects of reactor pressure and inlet temperature on n‐butane/dimethyl ether oxidation and the formation pathways of the aromatic species
Authors: Bekat Tugce , Inal Fikret
Published: July 2015

Oxidation of n‐butane/dimethyl ether (DME)/O2/Ar system was studied by chemical kinetic modeling in a tubular reactor operated adiabatically and at constant pressure. Effects of the reactor pressure on the formation of various major, minor, and trace oxidation products were investigated for two different pressures (1 and 5 atm) and at six different inlet temperature values (700, 800, 900, 1100, 1300, and 1500 K). The analysis was carried out for two different concentrations of dimethyl ether in the inlet fuel mixture (20 and 50 mol %). Higher pressure (5 atm) resulted in higher mole fractions of methane, vinylacetylene, and cyclopentadiene; and lower mole fractions of formaldehyde, acetylene, acetaldehyde, ethane, propargyl, and propane. The mole fractions of CO and CO2 were not affected considerably by the pressure change. The main formation routes of benzene were developed at two different inlet temperature values (1100 and 1300 K), and the main precursors participating in these routes were found to be propargyl, propene, and diacetylene. A skeletal mechanism was developed for the oxidation of n‐butane/DME mixture from the detailed mechanism by reduction of the elementary reactions by 79%, and it was tested for accuracy by comparison with the data from the literature. © 2015 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 35: 230–240, 2016
Measurement of Mechanical Strength of Glass‐to‐Metal Joints
Authors: Selçuk A. , Atkinson A.
Published: July 2015

Three different test geometries were used to apply shear loading to fracture glass‐to‐metal joints typical of seals intended for use in planar solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs): asymmetric compression; symmetric compression; and four‐point asymmetric bending. The measured apparent shear strengths were found to differ by an order of magnitude depending on the test configuration employed. In particular, the apparent shear strength measured in the asymmetric compression test was very low. Conversely, the highest apparent shear strengths were measured using the symmetric compression test and the four‐point asymmetric bend test gave an intermediate result. It is shown, by finite element modelling, that these differences are caused by differences in the normal stresses transverse to the joint. The locus of failure was always along the glass/metal interface in all test geometries. It is concluded that mechanical test procedures used to characterize glass‐ceramic seals in SOFC stacks need to be selected and interpreted with great care.
Life cycle assessment in market, research, and policy: Harmonization beyond standardization
Authors: Zamagni Alessandra , Cutaia Laura
Published: June 2015

This article introduces the special series “LCA in Market Research and Policy: Harmonization beyond standardization,” which was generated from the 19th SETAC Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) Case Study Symposium held November 2013, in Rome, Italy. This collection of invited articles reflects the purpose of symposium and focuses on how LCA can support the decision-making process at all levels (i.e., in industry and policy contexts) and how LCA results can be efficiently communicated and used to support market strategies. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2015;11:370–372. © 2015 SETAC
Quantification of liver fibrosis via second harmonic imaging of the Glisson's capsule from liver surface
Authors: Xu Shuoyu , Kang Chiang Huen , Gou Xiaoli , Peng Qiwen , Yan Jie , Zhuo Shuangmu , Cheng Chee Leong , He Yuting , Kang Yuzhan , Xia Wuzheng , So Peter T. C. , Welsch Roy , Rajapakse Jagath C. , Yu Hanry
Published: July 2015

Liver surface is covered by a collagenous layer called the Glisson's capsule. The structure of the Glisson's capsule is barely seen in the biopsy samples for histology assessment, thus the changes of the collagen network from the Glisson's capsule during the liver disease progression are not well studied. In this report, we investigated whether non‐linear optical imaging of the Glisson's capsule at liver surface would yield sufficient information to allow quantitative staging of liver fibrosis. In contrast to conventional tissue sections whereby tissues are cut perpendicular to the liver surface and interior information from the liver biopsy samples were used, we have established a capsule index based on significant parameters extracted from the second harmonic generation (SHG) microscopy images of capsule collagen from anterior surface of rat livers. Thioacetamide (TAA) induced liver fibrosis animal models was used in this study. The capsule index is capable of differentiating different fibrosis stages, with area under receiver operating characteristics curve (AUC) up to 0.91, making it possible to quantitatively stage liver fibrosis via liver surface imaging potentially with endomicroscopy.

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Red selenium nanoparticles and gray selenium nanorods as antibacterial coatings for PEEK medical devices
Authors: Wang Qi , Mejía Jaramillo Alejandra , Pavon Juan J. , Webster Thomas J.
Published: July 2015

Bacterial infections are commonly found on various poly(ether ether ketone) (PEEK) medical devices (such as orthopedic instruments, spinal fusion devices, and segments in dialysis equipment), and thus, there is a significant need for introducing antibacterial properties to such materials. The objective of this in vitro study was to introduce antibacterial properties to PEEK medical devices by coating them with nanosized selenium. In this study, red selenium (an elemental form of selenium) nanoparticles were coated on PEEK medical devices through a quick precipitation method. Furthermore, with heat treatment at 100°C for 6 days, red selenium nanoparticles were transferred into gray selenium nanorods on the PEEK surfaces. Bacteria test results showed that both red and gray selenium‐coated PEEK medical devices significantly inhibited the growth of Pseudomonas aeruginosa compared with uncoated PEEK after either 1, 2, or 3 days. Red selenium nanoparticle‐coated PEEK showed less bacteria growth on its surface than gray selenium nanorod‐coated PEEK after 3 days. This study demonstrated that red, and to a lesser extent gray, nanosized selenium could be used as potential antibacterial coatings to prevent bacteria function on PEEK medical devices. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 104B: 1352–1358, 2016.
Assessing the Impact of a Race‐Based Course on Counseling Students: A Quantitative Study
Authors: Paone Tina R. , Malott Krista M. , Barr Jason J.
Published: July 2015

This study sought to determine changes in 121 White counseling students following their participation in an experiential, race‐based course taught in a group format. Pre‐ and postoutcomes were reported based on instruments that measured White racial identity development, White privilege, color blindness, and the costs of racism. Findings indicated significant changes according to the majority of measures, although with certain distinctions. Findings are discussed in light of the current literature.

Este estudio trató de determinar los cambios en 121 estudiantes blancos de consejería después de su participación en un curso experiencial basado en la raza que se enseñó en formato de grupo. Se comunicaron los resultados previos y posteriores basándose en instrumentos que midieron el desarrollo de la identidad racial blanca, el privilegio blanco, la falta de percepción de color y los costos del racismo. Los hallazgos indicaron cambios significativos según la mayoría de mediciones, aunque con ciertas distinciones. Se discuten los hallazgos a la luz de las investigaciones actuales.
Virtual reconstruction and description of the cranial endocast of Pristerodon mackayi (Therapsida, Anomodontia)
Authors: Laaß Michael
Published: July 2015

The cranial endocast of Pristerodon mackayi is described, which has been virtually reconstructed on the basis of neutron tomographic data. The gross anatomy of the cranial endocast of Pristerodon resembles other nonmammalian synapsids such as Thrinaxodon liorhinus in having a narrow, tubular forebrain, well developed olfactory bulbs, a large parietal foramen and unossified zone. As it is the case in cynodonts the hindbrain of Pristerodon is broader than the mid‐ and forebrain. Large paraflocculi are developed. The medulla oblongata can be well distinguished from the pons. The pons is divided by a median ridge into two portions. There is no evidence for a neocortex, which seems to be also reflected in the low encephalization quotient of 0.18 estimated according to the method of Eisenberg. J. Morphol. 276:1089–1099, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.