bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Folk Psychology and the Interpretation of Decision Theory
Authors: Thoma Johanna
Published: October 2021

Most philosophical decision theorists and philosophers of the social sciences believe that decision theory is and should be in the business of providing folk psychological explanations of choice behaviour, and that it can only do so if we understand the preferences, utilities and probabilities that feature in decision-theoretic models as ascriptions of mental states not reducible to choice. The behavioural interpretation of preference and related concepts, still common in economics, is consequently cast as misguided. This paper argues that even those who strive to provide folk psychological explanations should side with the economists, and adopt a behavioural interpretation of the preferences featuring in decision-theoretic models. Under a mentalistic inter-pretation of preference, decision-theoretic models do not straightforwardly provide ordinary folk psychological explanations. Instead, they involve controversial enough commitments about the mental causes of choice to not only fail to adequately capture much unreflective decision-making, but also many intentional, reason-based and instrumentally rational choices. Satisfactory folk psychological explanation in fact only comes indirectly from inferring more fundamental conative attitudes from a pattern of decision-theoretic preferences. And the behavioural interpretation does a better job at facilitating such inferences. My argument extends to the related concepts of utility and probability.
The Discreteness of Matter: Leibniz on Plurality and Part-Whole Priority
Authors: Harmer Adam
Published: October 2021

Leibniz argues against Descartes’s conception of material substance based on considerations of unity. I examine a key premise of Leibniz’s argument, what I call the Plurality Thesis—the claim that matter (i.e., extension alone) is a plurality of parts. More specifically, I engage an objection to the Plurality Thesis stemming from what I call Material Monism—the claim that the physical world is a single material substance. I argue that Leibniz can productively engage this objection based on his view that matter is discrete. The discreteness of matter provides two aspects of support for the Plurality Thesis. First, it indicates that the parts of matter do not share boundaries and are, therefore, independent in an important sense. Second, it indicates that the parts of matter are determinate and are, therefore, ontologically prior to the wholes they compose.
DA GUERRA AO AMOR
Authors: Scheibler Viviane , Saraiva Juracy Assmann
Published: October 2021

Partindo da concepção bakhtiniana de que a língua é dialógica e também do princípio de que os textos são construídos a partir de outros textos, o presente artigo tem o objetivo de analisar a letra da canção "Monte Castelo", de Renato Russo. Por se tratar de um texto que apresenta relações interdiscursivas e intertextuais, são destacados aspectos referentes à letra da canção levando em conta os aspectos que dela fazem um objeto de comunicação e um objeto de sentido, buscando sua aproximação do leitor. Como parte da análise, são explorados conceitos-chave que norteiam a interpretação aqui apresentada, dentre os quais o interdiscurso, o intertexto, o dialogismo, o texto, a significância.
Introduction to Big Data and Business Analytics
Authors: Vaghela Dineshkumar Bhagwandas
Published: October 2021

The term big data has come due to rapid generation of data in various organizations. In big data, the big is the buzzword. Here the data are so large and complex that the traditional database applications are not able to process (i.e., they are inadequate to deal with such volume of data). Usually the big data are described by 5Vs (volume, velocity, variety, variability, veracity). The big data can be structured, semi-structured, or unstructured. Big data analytics is the process to uncover hidden patterns, unknown correlations, predict the future values from large and complex data sets. In this chapter, the following topics will be covered more in detail. History of big data and business analytics, big data analytics technologies and tools, and big data analytics uses and challenges.
Big Data in Railway O&M
Authors: Galar Diego , Seneviratne Dammika , Kumar Uday
Published: October 2021

Railway systems are complex with respect to technology and operations with the involvement of a wide range of human actors, organizations and technical solutions. For the operations and control of such complexity, a viable solution is to apply intelligent computerized systems, for instance, computerized traffic control systems for coordinating airline transportation, or advanced monitoring and diagnostic systems in vehicles. Moreover, transportation assets cannot compromise the safety of the passengers by only applying operation and maintenance activities. Indeed, safety is a more difficult goal to achieve using traditional maintenance strategies and computerized solutions come into the picture as the only option to deal with complex systems interacting among them and trying to balance the growth in technical complexity together with stable and acceptable dependability indexes. Big data analytics are expected to improve the overall performance of the railways supported by smart systems and Internet-based solutions. Operation and Maintenance will be application areas, where benefits will be visible as a consequence of big data policies due to diagnosis and prognosis capabilities provided to the whole network of processes. This chapter shows the possibilities of applying the big data concept in the railway transportation industry and the positive effects on technology and operations from a systems perspective.
Evolution of Big Data in Medical Imaging Modalities to Extract Features Using Region Growing Segmentation, GLCM, and Discrete Wavelet Transform
Authors: Gupta Yogesh Kumar
Published: October 2021

Big data refers to the massive amount of data from sundry sources (gregarious media, healthcare, different sensor, etc.) with very high velocity. Due to expeditious growth, the multimedia or image data has rapidly incremented due to the expansion of convivial networking, surveillance cameras, satellite images, and medical images. Healthcare is the most promising area where big data can be applied to make a vicissitude in human life. The process for analyzing the intricate data is mundanely concerned with the disclosing of hidden patterns. In healthcare fields capturing the visual context of any medical images, extraction is a well introduced word in digital image processing. The motive of this research is to present a detailed overview of big data in healthcare and processing of non-invasive medical images with the avail of feature extraction techniques such as region growing segmentation, GLCM, and discrete wavelet transform.
Implementation of Big Data Analytics for Government Enterprise
Authors: Matiwane Namhla , Iyamu Tiko
Published: October 2021

Within the South African government, there is an increasing amount of data. The problem is that the South African government is struggling to employ the concept of big data analytics (BDA) for the analysis of its big data. This could be attributed to know-how from both technical and nontechnical perspectives. Failure to implement BDA and ensure appropriate use hinders government enterprises and agencies in their drive to deliver quality service. A government enterprise was selected and used as a case in this study primarily because the concept of BDA is new to many South African government departments. Data was collected through in-depth interviews. From the analysis, four factors—knowledge, process, differentiation, and skillset—that can influence implementation of BDA for government enterprises were revealed. Based on the factors, a set of criteria in the form of a model was developed.
Integration of Data Mining and Business Intelligence in Big Data Analytics
Authors: Kulakli Atik
Published: October 2021

The purpose of this chapter is to analyze and explore the research studies for scholarly publication trends and patterns related to the integration of data mining in particular business intelligence in big data analytics domains published in the period of 2010-2019. Research patterns explore in highly prestigious sources that have high impact factors and citations counted in the ISI Web of Science Core Collection database (indexes included SCI-Exp and SSCI). Bibliometric analysis methods applied for this study under the research limitations. Research questions formed based on bibliometric principles concentrating fields such as descriptive of publication, author productivity, country-regions distribution, keyword analysis with contribution among researchers, citation analysis, co-citation patterns searched. Findings showed strong relations and patterns on these important research domains. Besides this chapter would useful for researchers to obtain an overview of publication trends on research domains to be concerned for further studies and shows the potential gaps in those fields.
Digitalization as a Key Issue of the Circular Economy to Promote Sustainability
Authors: Reis Leonilde , Silveira Clara , Carvalho Luisa Cagica , Mata Carlos
Published: October 2021

Digitalization is a topic of circular economy in the context of the ReSolve framework. The use of information and communication technologies (ICT) in the context of social organizations can provide added value in order to foster integrative solutions. The aim of this chapter is aligned with the literature about ICT, circular economy, and sustainability to present the design of a prototype that fits homeless person integration strategies and addresses concerns in the various dimensions of sustainability supported by ICT. The authors use the design science research methodology in order to communicate the prototype results for the integration of homeless people. The prototype will be developed under the assumption of use in an organizational context by a multidisciplinary team, aiming to allow the cooperation of the various entities involved. This is a contribution to achieving the Sustainable Development Goals. The main results of this research suggest how to develop, in partnership with local organizations, solutions to solve social problems supported by a sustainable perspective.
Promoting Gender Equality and Women Empowerment in the Tourism Sector
Authors: Papadopoulou Georgia
Published: October 2021

Gender equality and women empowerment constitute a longstanding topic since the issues have never been fully addressed, although some progress has been made. The tourism sector is one area that seems to have more opportunities for women and, thus, less gender inequalities. However, cases of discrimination are still experienced. Hence, this chapter explores the situation of gender equality and women position in the field of tourism and establish the causes of the problem in the sector. The opportunities for females and avenues of achieving fairness and empowerment are also discussed.
Sustainable Development Goals
Authors: Wamalwa Annex Nafula
Published: October 2021

Safaricom Limited is a telecommunications company, the largest mobile operator in Kenya, serving over 20 million customers and occupying two-thirds of the market share in the industry. The company strives to push the boundaries of conventional ways of doing business by focusing on value creation to the society, economy, and environment of Kenya by incorporating the top-down, bottom-up approach to integrate the SDGs into its corporate strategy and its corporate social responsibility projects. The mission of the company is transforming lives, and this is evident from its operations and investing resources in sustainable projects.
3D Reconstruction Methods Purporting 3D Visualization and Volume Estimation of Brain Tumors
Authors: Joseph Sushitha Susan , Aju D.
Published: October 2021

This work proposes the Crust algorithm for 3D reconstruction of brain tumor, an effective mechanism in the visualization of tumors for presurgical planning, radiation dose calculation. Despite the promising performance of Crust algorithm in reconstruction of Stanford models, it has not yet been considered in 3D reconstruction of brain tumor. Validation of the results is done using the comparison of the 3D models from two cutting edge techniques namely the Marching Cube and the Alpha shape algorithm. The obtained result shows that Crust algorithm provides the brain tumor model with an average quality of triangle meshes ranging from 0.85 to 0.95. Concerning the visual realism, the quality of Crust algorithm models is higher on comparison to the other models. Precision of tumor volume measurement by convex hull method is analysed by repeatability and reproducibility. The standard deviations of repeatability were between 2.03 % and 3.97 %. The experimental results show that Linear Crust algorithm produces high quality meshes with average quality of equilateral triangles close to 1.
Mapping the State of the Art of Scientific Production on Requirements Engineering Research
Authors: Hassan Saadah , Ahmi Aidi
Published: October 2021

Requirements engineering (RE) is gaining acceptance by industries and practitioners as a significant process in systems development. Similarly, the publications on the research related to the RE topic progresses. However, there is a lack of study on the progressions of this research based on a bibliographic portfolio. This paper presents the emergence of the RE field and mapping the state of the art of scientific production using a bibliometric survey approach. This study identifies the research trends based on the observations of scientific production over the past two decades. Quantitative and qualitative information in requirements engineering research through various bibliographic attributes are presented, such as the leading journals, top-cited articles, top authors, and top countries. Research trends in RE can be observed based on the number of research themes, and the involvement of various disciplines from RE begin to get acknowledged until this study was conducted. The results provide evidence and an overview of future directions in this research field.
Exploring Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationships (QSARs) for Urea-Based Dual FAAH and sEH Inhibitors
Authors: Padala Jaswanthi , Begum Shaheen , Koganti Bharathi , Arifa Begum S. K.
Published: October 2021

Several urea-based compounds have been reported as dual inhibitors of Fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) and Soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) enzymes which have potential as anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive agents. QSAR studies were performed on the urea analogs to identify the molecular descriptors influencing the FAAH and sEH inhibitory activity using Small Dataset Modeler tool. Molecular descriptors (1D &2D) were computed using PaDEL-Descriptor software. A set of forty-eight compounds was used in the present study. Statistically significant models were derived for both the enzymes [pIC50 (sEH): R2 = 0.797, Q2 = 0.762 and Q2F1 =0.747; pIC50 (FAAH): R2 = 0.642, Q2 = 0.521 and Q2F1 =0.566]. The results of QSAR on the sEH enzyme revealed the contribution of topological charge indices, ionization potential, and the number of nitrogen atoms (naaN) for defining the potency. Polarizability showed a major influence on FAAH inhibition. The predictive ability of the QSAR models was established based on the dual inhibitory potential of some newly designed molecules.
Investigating the Integration of Quality Management Systems Into Management Information Systems
Authors: Ajibesin Adeyemi Abel , Diden Precious Prince
Published: October 2021

This study investigates integrating quality management systems (QMS) into an organization's management information system (MIS) and the risks involved in this integration. Quality management is a serious concern among organizations in the developing world, including Nigeria. Customers and investors gravitate to where there are quality products and services. Multiple case study research method was applied; this involves three organizations within Adamawa state in Nigeria. The three organizations examined for this study operated in three different economic sectors: educational, service industry, and manufacturing. Two IS theories adopted were IS success model and the technology acceptance model (TAM). After the data analysis, the initial research model was redesigned, and a new construct was added. The study revealed that the organization investigated runs MIS and QMS as separate systems but was confident that integrating the two management systems would help manage quality.
How Confirmation Bias Influences Risk and Contingency Management
Authors: Li Ji , Tao Xiaolong , Gong Ting , Li Xin
Published: October 2021

Abundant research has documented the negative effects of confirmatory bias in a broad range of managerial decision-making contexts. However, insufficient research has been conducted on the effect of confirmatory bias on risk and contingency management. This article addresses the research gap by examining how confirmatory bias may affect global leaders’ responses to the COVID-19 pandemic. Based on a comprehensive literature review of prior research and empirical evidence, the authors illustrate the relationship between confirmatory bias and organizational performance in disaster management and identify several important mediators and moderators, which influence the relationship between confirmatory bias and the performance of human collectives in disaster management.
Online Retail Systems in the Global COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Chambers-Sauls Nickia , Raisinghani Mahesh S. , Idemudia Efosa Carroll , Medina Jorge , Zhang Timothy
Published: October 2021

The Covid-19 global pandemic has threatened the global economy; and pose serious daily challenges to companies, organizations, and firms worldwide. Our paper focuses on the adaptations to changes made by retailers through their online retail systems in response to the COVID-19 pandemic of 2020 & 2021. This study begins with the benefits of online retail then explaining the differences between thriving and failing businesses. These changes are derived from CDC recommendations and guidelines that drove businesses to implement new marketing and business techniques and resort to online sales. Also discussed are the challenges of online retail systems such as security and fraud, customer loyalty and trust, inventory management, and malfunctions of online retail infrastructure. These challenges lead our paper into the complications of any business which failed to adapt to the pandemic. Furthermore, we highlight implications for theory and research.
Antecedents of Green Marketing Initiatives
Authors: Singh Sanjeev Kumar , Sanjeev Rinku
Published: October 2021

This paper examines the drivers that influence the green marketing awareness and addresses the role of corporate social responsibility (CSR) as a mediator. Data was collected from 250 respondents by self-administered questionnaire through convenience sampling. The results indicate that competitive advantage, environmental sustainability, green purchase intention are significant influencers for green marketing awareness. CSR enjoys a positive and significant mediating effect on the relationship between the independent variables and green marketing. CSR mediates the relationship between environmental sustainability (ES), competitive advantage (CA) and green purchase intention (GPI) which can provide insights for corporates with respect to the factors influencing green marketing awareness. Also, this paper highlights the importance of green purchase intention, competitive advantage, environmental sustainability and their linkage towards green marketing awareness.
Sustainable Agriculture
Authors: Mishra Debesh , Satapathy Suchismita
Published: October 2021

In this study, based on an extensive review of the literature, the variables influencing the sustainability of agriculture were identified. Next, the responses were obtained from 144 farmers of Odisha in India by the use of questionnaires on the extent of influence of these variables on sustainability. Subsequently, the factor analysis was done to find the most significant influencing variables. Then, the ANFIS model was created and found as appropriate for the prediction of agricultural sustainability based on the most significant influencing variables as inputs.
Pollen Detection in Images Using Genetic Algorithms and Tabu Search
Authors: Menad Hanane , Farah Ben-naoum  , Amine Abdelmalek
Published: October 2021

Pollen recognition is one of the most active research areas in field of ecological modeling. It is done either via microscopic images analysis of pollen grains, or via chemical components analysis. In this paper, we were interested in pollen images analysis, in which we proposed an approach for image segmentation in order to detect pollen grains in the microscopic images. The approach starts by generating two pixels using genetic algorithms where one pixel of the selected ones is a pollen pixel while the other is background pixels, then we used kmeans algorithm for image pixels clustering to segment the input image, after that we classified the segmented images using machine learning technics, and finally, we used taboo search to save the best pixels chosen by genetic algorithm based on the obtained accuracy as fitness function. The obtained results proved the efficiency of the proposed system where it could recognize 96.4% of the pollen grains.
Economic Dilemma of Street Artists and Its Impact on Their Sustainable Livelihood
Authors: Rajendran Jisha , Indapurkar Kavita
Published: October 2021

Tourism industry is regarded as one of the twelve champion sectors of India and sustainability of arts and culture is imperative for its sustenance. Arts and culture reside in people and artists strive to pass-on this culture to the next generation, while trying to derive profits and sustain themselves. The case presents an opportunity for the reader to gather a general understanding of economic dilemma faced by performing artists, especially street artists of India and suggest measures to help them attain sustainable livelihood. It can also be a valuable addition to the public policy and strategic management, wherein it can highlight the significance of addressing the dilemma faced by artists and the necessity of digital and theatre intervention to help these artists attain sustainable livelihood.
Mathematical Model to Evaluate the Sustainability Score of Resource Consumption for Buildings (SSRCB)
Authors: Sakhlecha Manish , Bajpai Samir , Singh Rajesh Kumar
Published: October 2021

Building sector has grown as one of the major resource intensive sector. Consumption of resources is at a much rapid rate resulting in possibility of their becoming scarce and may even be their exhaustion. In the evaluation of sustainability of buildings, impact of resource consumption is required to be addressed along with the environmental impacts. Hence it is important to evaluate the scarcity potential of resources at national and local levels for buildings and develop sustainable models for resources that affect sustainability of building sector as a whole. In this paper a simple predictive model for sustainability of resources has been developed; correlating the rate of consumption of natural resources, future demand, and available reserves of resource for building sector at regional level in Indian context. The model calculates the sustainability score of resource consumption for a residential building and emphasizes the need of incorporating sustainability measures, like use of industrial wastes and recycling and reuse of building demolition wastes, in the building sector.
Determinants of Risky Sexual Behaviors Among Adolescents
Authors: Mekonnen Getachew A.
Published: October 2021

As adolescence is a stage in which human beings face once throughout a lifetime and it is the experimental period for this reason risky sexual behavior is common among young people, and it has several sexual and reproductive health consequences. In Ethiopia, mostly as in many other settings, the behaviors of adolescents strongly influence the course of STDs including HIV/AIDS due to their risky sexual practices. This study is a descriptive cross sectional survey research design. The finding showed that, Pocket money, peer pressure, substances use and self-efficacy to resist sexual advances are associated with risky sexual behaviors. The findings regarding gender difference showed that there was no statistically significant difference between male and female students with regard to age of first sexual intercourse. Concerned with risk factor for unsafe sexual behavior of adolescents was observed with abuse of alcohol, Khat, Shisha, Tela and cigarette. Providing the necessary knowledge and skills for adolescents, parents and different stakeholders are the suggested recommendation.
A Mobile Game Algorithm for Programming Education
Authors: Hwang SunMyung , Yeom Hee Gyun
Published: October 2021

Software education currently being implemented is programming education, and the scope of the curriculum is adjusted to suit the level of each school level. In the case of elementary school, experience- and activity-based activities are used to learn problem-solving methods through play and educational programming languages, and in the case of junior high school, the basic concepts and principles of software are understood through education-oriented programming languages and learn to apply to problem solving. In the case of high school, the contents are designed to improve the ability to creatively and efficiently solve problems in other academic fields while learning more advanced contents with advanced contents linked to careers. In this article, we develop an algorithm game using a robot so that students can think of programming and unpacking functions expressed in pictures to solve the problem of losing interest due to difficulties in understanding and applying programming or algorithms
SNI Field Blocking and Internet Censorship
Authors: Jung JiYoung , Park Minwoo , Shin Hee Kyoung , Shin Yongtae
Published: October 2021

The government tried to close illegal sites and conduct a copyright protection campaign intensively. However, it takes a lot of time to prevent illegal sites to block, and there is a limitation when internet browsers used a secure protocol. In order to implement effective policies, DNS servers and SNI fields were blocked since 2019. But SNI field blocking is not a solution of effective blocking because of technical problems. The risk of invading Internet users' access to information has also increased due to the strengthening of access blocking technology and excessive review by government agencies. The government's method of blocking illegal sites is technically circumvented, so there is a problem in its implementation, and it is necessary to start again from collecting public opinion due to the effectiveness and lack of transparency in terms of control. International judicial assistance should be activated to allow direct disposal of the server operating overseas, not to block access to domestic telecommunication network.
Service Excellence in Marketing for Firms
Authors: Mandal Pratap Chandra
Published: October 2021

Innovation and differentiation are imperative for companies to sustain in the competition. Innovation and differentiation are possible more in services than in physical products. It is difficult to imitate differentiation incorporated in services. The study discusses the various marketing strategies adopted by service companies and the roles played by service profit chain. Service companies adopt different initiatives to achieve excellence. These include a strategic orientation, commitment from the top management, maintaining high standards, having profit tiers, monitoring service performance, and prompt action on customer complaints. The study discusses about differentiation of services, management of service quality, and management of service productivity. The study analyzes the strategies taken by service companies to achieve excellence. Proper implementation and execution of strategies provide a direction for service companies to excel, delight their customers, and develop long-term customer relationships.
VR Presentation Training System Using Machine Learning Techniques for Automatic Evaluation
Authors: Yokoyama Yuto , Nagao Katashi
Published: October 2021

In this paper, the authors build an immersive training space using building-scale VR, a technology that makes a virtual space based on an entire building existing in the real world. The space is used for presentations, allowing students to self-train. The results of a presentation are automatically evaluated by using machine learning or the like and fed back to the user. In this space, users can meet their past selves (more accurately, their avatars), so they can objectively observe their presentations and recognize weak points. The authors developed a mechanism for recording and reproducing activities in virtual space in detail and a mechanism for applying machine learning to activity records. With these mechanisms, a system for recording, reproducing, and automatically evaluating presentations was developed.
Possible progression of an atypical leiomyoma to a leiomyosarcoma: a case report
Authors: Ekanayake C.D. , Herath R. , Fernando S. , Mahendra G. , Balawardene J. , De Silva A.
Published: October 2021

The spectrum of uterine smooth muscle cell tumours (SMT) ranges from leiomyomas to leiomyosarcomas (LMS). Atypical leiomyomas (AL) are a uterine SMT of a contentious nature due to its indeterminate malignant potential. Although the risk of recurrence is low there is limited experience on management. On the other hand, it is generally believed that the uterine LMS arises de novo, rather than from a precursor lesion.
Ovarian serous eystadenofibroma: Towards a preoperative diagnosis
Authors: Ekanayake C.D. , Dissanayake D. , Kumarasinghe I.
Published: October 2021

Background: Ovarian cystadenofibromas are rare benign ovarian neoplasms which contain epithelial and fibrous stromal components which give rise to complex cystic and solid areas which will be visualized sonographically as malignant tumours. The management of cystadenofibroma of ovary is complete surgical removal of the tumour. The prognosis is generally excellent with prompt and appropriate treatment as there is a very low risk of recurrence.Case Presentation: A 45-year-old woman presented to the gynaecology clinic complaining of irregular menstrual bleeding, secondary dysmenorrhea and left sided lower abdominal pain of one month duration. On bimanual examination a cystic, nontender, left adnexal mass was found. Imaging revealed a complex cystic mass in left ovary (10 x 9.6 x 8 cm). There was a thin film of pelvic free fluid adjacent to the inferior margin of the lesion. Few non-specific subcentrimetric para aortic, left iliac lymph nodes were seen. CA-125 level was 179 U/ml. A staging laparotomy was performed and included total abdominal hysterectomy, bilateral salphyngoophorectomy and infracolic omentectomy. Bilateral multilocular ovarian cysts (left cyst – 10 x 8cm and right cyst – 3 x 4cm) were present. Histology revealed bilateral serous cystadenofibromas. No atypical or malignant cells were observed in peritoneal washings.Conclusion: Ovarian cystadenofibromas appear malignant on imaging and macroscopy. Frozen sections does not appear to be reliable indicator and only MRI appears to be dependable in predicting the diagnosis of a cystadenofibroma prior to histological confirmation.
A hypothesis: autonomic rhythms are reflected in growth lines of teeth in humans and extinct archosaurs
Authors: Appenzeller Otto , Gunga Hanns-Christian , Qualls Clifford , Furlan Raffaello , Porta Alberto , Lucas Spencer G. , Heckert Andrew B. , Kirsch Karl , Costa Junqueira Maria , Guillén Sonia E. , Sander M , Schneider T. , Blottner B.
Published: October 2021

A major determinant of tooth architecture is the arrangement of lines in dentin and in the enamel, following the contour of the surface. Since the original description of these lines in the 19th century they have been attributed to recurring events during tooth development. They have also attracted the attention of dental scientists and anthropologists; however, to date, studies of these structures have been largely theoretical and microscopic. We show here that the statistical properties of the spacing between the lines are similar in teeth from both ancient and modern humans and from extinct archosaurs-reptiles that lived tens or hundreds of millions of years ago- they also resemble heart rate variability of living humans.

We propose that the deposition of these recurring structures is controlled by the autonomic nervous system (ANS). This control accounts for their regularity and recurrent nature and implies that the lines are an expression of a biologic rhythm which has been conserved throughout evolution. Details of the rhythms give clues to life styles in ancient civilizations and to the physiology of extinct archosaurs.
Possible evidence of pregnancy and or famine in an ancient nubian female
Authors: Denton John , Mann Jennifer , David Ann Rosalie
Published: October 2021

A female Nubian femur from the Manchester Mummy Collection exhibits periodic features of bone resorption, bone apposition and then bone resorption as demonstrated by bone histology. Bone is a metabolically active, dynamic, structural tissue whose development and maintenance is influenced by many factors, including nutrition, sunlight, hormonal secretions, and physical exercise. When biochemical or mechanical stresses occur bone cells respond either producing or resorbing bone. When food becomes scarce or of poor nutritional quality, for example in times of famine or flood, malnutrition and concurrent low calcium intake occur. In low blood calcium conditions, parathyroid hormone is released. This stimulates osteoclasts to break down bone tissue. When nutritional state normalises, bone is laid down again and this cycle recurs. Additionally, during pregnancy there is profound resorbtion of the maternal skeleton in order that the foetus may thrive. The condition of the observed bone is consistent with such cyclic events.
Egyptian versus natural mummification: tracking the differences in loss of tissue antigenicity
Authors: Jeziorska Maria , Wade Ronald , Walker Michael G , Appenzeller Otto
Published: October 2021

Previous reports of difficulties using immunohistochemical methods on mummified tissues attributed the problems mostly to the antiquity of the material. We examined mummified examples of contemporary human tissues (carotid endarterectomy specimens) obtained for research purposes, using 1) desiccation as an example of natural mummification, and 2) natron treatment (Egyptian mummification) followed by desiccation in controlled simulated desert conditions lasting up to 20 months and various reconstitution regimens. The remaining untreated tissues, fixed routinely in formalin and processed to paraffin blocks, served as a control. Additionally, we examined a contemporary human sural nerve bundle mummified in the Egyptian manner by the LIU-UMAB Mummy Project. All tissues were subjected to the same immunohistochemical procedures. There were differences in the degree of antigenicity between matching samples (desiccated only and natron treated) when comparing the same antigens. Thus, the initial mummification procedure has a crucial effect on the preservation of tissue antigenicity.
Mummies as medicinal tools
Authors: Gorini Rosanna
Published: October 2021

The term “mummy” is thought to be derived from the Persian or Arab word “moumiya”, meaning pitch or bitumen. It likely referred to the black, hard, and resinous substance probably used by the Egyptians in their embalming procedures during the late period and Ptolemaic Roman period. During medieval times and later, Arab and European physicians thought that mummies had medicinal properties. Egyptian mummies dug out of their tombs were sometimes grinded into powder and shipped across the Mediterranean to be sold as medicine for the cure of different diseases; for example epilepsy, abscesses, rashes, migraine, nausea etc. From the 12th to the 17th centuries, mummy remains could be found in apothecaries’ shops, and as late as 1908 they could be ordered from the catalogue of the Merck pharmaceutical company.
Macroscopic study of the Guanche mummies from Necochea (Argentina)
Authors: Del Arco Aguilar Mercedes , Rosa Adrian Candelaria , Del Arco Aguilar Del Carmen , Martin Oval Mercedes , Gonzales Anton Rafael , Rodriguez Martin Conrado
Published: October 2021

This study concerns the ritual of mummification and bundling of two Guanche mummies, originally in the old collection of the Museum of Casilda, in Tacoronte (Tenerife), and kept in the town of Necochea, Argentina. Important differences can be seen in the previously known ritual relating to the positioning of the body and the features of the bundles and bindings. An important feature is that one of the mummies is flexed, confirming references to older findings that, unfortunately, were not preserved. The ritual differences observed in these two bodies could be due to gender, adaptation to funerary space, or other cultural reasons.
The Sustainability of Premium Payment of National Health Insurance's Self-Enrolled Members in Jakarta Greater Area
Authors: Nurhasana Renny , Hidayat Budi , Pujiyanto  , Ratih Suci Puspita , Hartono Risky Kusuma , Dartanto Teguh
Published: October 2021

Background

The sustainability of the National Health Insurance (NHI) program heavily relies on the premium of its member. The negligence of a large number of members at pay the premium lead to the failure of the Social Security Agency for Health (SSAH) to deliver its services. This study aims at analyzing important factors that influence the sustainability of premium payment of NHI's self-enrolled members in the Jakarta Greater Area.

Design and methods

This study performed an econometric analysis from the panel and the same respondent's data in 2015 and 2017. The population of the study was NHI's self-enrolled members who lived in the City of Jakarta, Bogor, Depok, Tangerang, Bekasi, (Jakarta Greater Area) and it represents the urban area of Indonesia. The ordinal logistic regression model was used to determine the type of sustainability NHI premium payment.

Results

The survey shows that around 28.3% of self-enrolled members do not pay the NHI insurance premium regularly. Applying ordered logit this study statistically confirms that age of household head, income per month, never experience economic hardship, 1st/2nd class registration, and benefits of SSAH are positively correlated with compliance rate to pay NHI insurance premium. Whereas tobacco consumption, health-seeking behavior, and the 2016 increase of premium are negatively correlated with regular premium payment.

Conclusions

This study calls for policy intervention to improve compliance of premium payment such as i) massive promotion of insurance literacy and benefits of insurance through a health professional, internet, and government officer; ii) expanding auto-debit and installment premium payment; iii) incentive for paying premium regularly and not smoking; and iv) improving access and quality of health services.
Izobraževanje odraslih na področju zdravja: pomen družbenokulturnih dimenzij in interdisciplinarnosti
Authors: Lipovec Čebron Uršula , Ličen Nives
Published: October 2021

Izobraževanje odraslih na področju zdravja postaja vedno bolj obsežno polje v andragogiki ter drugih družboslovnih, humanističnih in medicinskih vedah, kar se med drugim odraža v samostojnih revijah, interdisciplinarno zasnovanih razpravah o raziskovanju, v mednarodnih projektih, mnogovrstnosti praks in tudi v pestrosti poimenovanj: zdravstvena vzgoja, izobraževanje za zdravje, zdravstveno izobraževanje, vzgoja in izobraževanje za zdravje, razvoj zdravstvene pismenosti ali zdravstveno opismenjevanje, ozaveščanje o zdravju. V tej tematski številki je odnos med izobraževanjem in zdravjem/boleznijo osvetljen z dveh zornih kotov. Prvi obravnava vpliv izobraževanja, vključenosti v izobraževalne programe na zdravje in dobro počutje. Drugi zorni kot razmerja med zdravjem in izobraževanjem odpira pogled na izobraževanje, ki je ciljno pripravljeno z namenom izboljševanja znanja o zdravju/bolezni.
Association between serum chlamydial antibody levels and tubal infertility in tertiary health facility in South-East Nigeria: a case-control study
Authors: D. Onyeabochukwu Augustine , O. Izuka Emmanuel , A. Onyegbule Onyema , C. Onumajuru Chiemeka , T. Ejelonu Uchenna , P. Duke-Onyeabo Chukwunonyerem , E. Obiora-Izuka Chinelo , I. Nwagha Uchenna
Published: October 2021

Objectives: This study evaluates the association between genital Chlamydial infection and tubal factor infertility in a tertiary health facility in South-East Nigeria.Design: This was a case-control analytical study.Setting: Gynaecology Clinic and Maternity Unit of the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology of the Federal Medical Centre (FMC), Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria.Participants: Ninety-six (96) women with confirmed tubal factor infertility served as the cases, and 96 women with normal intra-uterine pregnancy matched in age served as the control.Data Collection/Intervention: A structured questionnaire was used to extract information on the sociodemographic data and the sexual history of the participants. About 2mls of blood was collected, the blood was allowed to clot, and the sera were used for the test.Statistical analysis/Main outcome measure: Pearson Chi-square, Fisher’s exact test, likelihood ratio and multivariate logistic regression were used to determine risk associations and identify factors independently related to tubal factor infertility. P-value < 0.05 was considered significant.Results: The sociodemographic characteristics of both cases and control did not differ (P = 0.975). The Chlamydial antibody seropositivity was significantly higher in the cases than the control 78(81.2%) versus 13(13.5%) respectively {(P < 0.001; OR (95% CI) = 27.7(12.7-60.2)}. Only lower abdominal pain {(P = 0.011); OR (95% CI) = 4.3(1.4-13.3)}; was independently associated with tubal factor infertility.Conclusion: Tubal factor infertility is strongly associated with chlamydial IgG antibodies, and a history of lower abdominal pain significantly predicted tubal factor infertility.
Heart rate profiles and heart rate variability during scuba diving
Authors: Schaller Claudine , Fümm Andrea , Bachmann Simon , Oechslin Luca , Nakahara Yoshi , Melliger Roger , Biaggi Patric , Wyss Christophe Alain
Published: October 2021

AIMS: The aim of the present study was to describe heart rate profiles and heart rate variability patterns in non-selected scuba divers of different ages under non-experimental real-world conditions.
METHODS: We used specially designed silver-loaded polydimethylsiloxane dry electrodes for underwater ECG recordings. With a custom-built setup, heart rate profiles and heart rate variability patterns were documented before submersion, during diving and after resurfacing in 18 separate dives.
RESULTS: Heart rates of the divers just before descent were remarkably high (median 114 bpm, interquartile range [IQR] 83–154) with a statistically significant rapid decrease after submersion (median 90 bpm, IQR 70–116; p = 0.008). The percentage heart rate reduction by submersion was individually very variable (median 21%, range 5–39%). We noted a general increase in autonomic nervous system (ANS) activity without predominance of parasympathetic parameters, suggesting a concomitant sympatheticadrenergic activation.
CONCLUSIONS: Scuba diving under real-world conditions by non-selected divers is characterised by relatively high heart rates just before submersion, an individually variable but significant bradycardic dive response, and induces an immediate and sustained parallel increase of parasympathetic and sympathetic-adrenergic autonomic nervous system activity. These observations could explain several specific pathophysiological mechanisms of diving incidents (haemodynamic decompensation, arrhythmias, acute coronary syndromes) and underlines the importance of cardiovascular risk stratification in diving eligibility assessment.
Perspectives of electronic judicial proceedings’ development: international experience and possibilities of its application in Ukraine
Authors: Mykolaiovych Holovko Oleksandr , Aristova Irina V. , Shulhin Volodymyr Viktorovych , Sobakar Andrii Oleksiovych
Published: October 2021

The main directions of further development of e-justice are identified and analysed. Particular attention is paid to the current situation in this area in developed and democratic countries. Considering practical experience in the implementation of e-justice, possible ways of implementing progressive forms and methods of e-justice emerged. At present, the development of the judicial system has undergone significant and, first, positive changes in the direction of conducting proceedings in electronic mode. That is, it is commonly spoken of the so-called "electronic litigation", in one way or another it exists in most countries. It is concluded that, even though the international community has implemented measures in which electronic judicial procedures must be carried out, their applicability has been problematic in Ukraine, which has affected the judicial system. Processes related to the administration of justice are one of the key elements of the functioning of society. After all, they are meeting the constantly existing demand for justice on the part of citizens, and this demand is one of the basic human needs.
Legal Aspects of Dividend Payment in a Limited Liability Company
Authors: Yavorska Oleksandra S. , Pylypenko Pylyp D. , Synchuk Svitlana M. , Shpuhanych Iryna I. , Samagalska Yustuna Y.
Published: October 2021

The objective of the study was to identify forms, main objectives and regulatory measures that can improve the development of the legal regulation of dividend payments in a limited liability company. The study involved three methods: direct observation, comparison, and analysis of the content of documents that provide legal regulation of dividend payments at the state and interstate levels. Eight important factors influencing dividend policy are presented. The success of business activity depends directly on the regularity of profits and the amount of capital of the company, while it is inversely dependent on the regularity and size of dividends. It is concluded that the type and form of dividend policy is partly governed by the rule of law and partly determined by non-legal business factors. An optimal dividend policy means that there must be an appropriate balance between the payment of current dividends and the future growth of the company's profits. In this case, the procedure established by law and the sequence of shares preceding the payment of dividends indicates the partial entrepreneurial freedom of the participants in this case.
The Role of a Lawyer's Request as a Means of Legal Communication in the Field of Human Rights Advocacy
Authors: Pohosian Marharyta A. , Horodetska Maryna S. , Veselov Mykola Y. , Pylypenko Dmytro O. , Banchuk-Petrosova Olena V.
Published: October 2021

Judicial practice shows that the request of all lawyers is not answered, so the study of the role of the application is relevant. The objective of the research was to carry out a theoretical and legal analysis of the role of the lawyer's request in the field of the defense of human rights due to the peculiarities of its normative support as a means of legal communication. The following methods were used: direct observation; comparison method; analysis of the content of the documents governing the procedure for giving and receiving a response to a lawyer's request. Documents and normative-legal programs that regulate the order and peculiarities of the legal work of lawyers and their requests were identified. The article also examines the legal practice of using applications and analyzes the activity of lawyers to ensure the role of the application as an effective means of legal communication. It was found that, in Ukraine, the application practice itself remains an ineffective means of legal communication. However, the attorney does not always collect the information and documents necessary for the defense in due time.