bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Student-centered factors influencing inclusion in biomedical majors among first-year undergraduate students
Authors:   Perceived fit and social integration writing group, NIH-BUILD
Published: December 2024

The ability to maintain a diverse scientific workforce is vital to promoting the US’s economic and technological competitiveness. Data have shown disparities in science, mathematics, medical, and engineering programs across each level of education from high school to doctoral studies for students from underrepresented groups (URG). Research suggests that many URG students are pushed out of the biomedical track early in their academic careers, particularly during the first year. Most of these studies focus on well-known indicators, such as science identity and research self-efficacy, to study inclusion in biomedical majors. The current study sought to understand the influence of institutional environment and student-based characteristics on changes in major during the first-year undergraduate experience. Overall, these results indicate that institutional factors have an impact alongside student-based factors in biomedical major retention in the first year. This manuscript identifies actions that institutions can take to improve biomedical major retention.
Dileucine ingestion, but not leucine, increases lower body strength and performance following resistance training: A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial
Authors: Hagele Anthony M. , Krieger Joesi M. , Gaige Connor J. , Holley Kevin F. , Gross Kristen N. , Iannotti Joshua M. , Allen Leah E. , Sutton Paige J. , Orr Logan S. , Mumford Petey W. , Purpura Martin , Jager Ralf , Kerksick Chad M.
Published: December 2024

Background

The essential amino acid leucine (LEU) plays a crucial role in promoting resistance-training adaptations. Dileucine (DILEU), a LEU-LEU dipeptide, increases MPS rates, however its impact on resistance training outcomes remains unexplored. This study assessed the effects of DILEU supplementation on resistance training adaptations.

Methods

Using a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled approach, 34 resistance-trained males (age: 28.3 ± 5.9 years) consumed 2 grams of either DILEU monohydrate (RAMPS™, Ingenious Ingredients, L.P.), LEU, or placebo (PLA) while following a 4-day per week resistance training program for 10 weeks. Changes in body composition, 1-repetition maximum (1RM) and repetitions to failure (RTF) for leg press (LP) and bench press (BP), anaerobic capacity, countermovement jump (CMJ), and maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) were assessed after 0 and 10 weeks.

Results

Significant main effects for time (p < 0.001) were realized for LP and BP 1RM and RTF. A significant group × time interaction was identified for changes in LP 1RM (p = 0.02) and LP RTF (p = 0.03). Greater increases in LP 1RM were observed in DILEU compared to PLA (p = 0.02; 95% CI: 5.8, 73.2 kg), and greater increases in LP RTF in DILEU compared to LEU (p = 0.04; 95% CI: 0.58, 20.3 reps). No significant differences were found in other measures.

Conclusions

DILEU supplementation at 2 grams daily enhanced lower body strength and muscular endurance in resistance-trained males more effectively than LEU or PLA. These findings suggest DILEU as a potentially effective supplement for improving adaptations to resistance training.

NCT06121869 retrospectively registered.
MiR-595 and Cldnd1: Potential related factors for bone loss in postmenopausal women with hip osteoporotic fracture
Authors: Jingyue Sun , Peixin Liu , Xiao Wang
Published: December 2024

Background

Recently researches have reported that miRNA and its target genes are associated with osteoporosis. MiRNA and mRNA might be potential diagnostic markers for osteoporosis.

Purposes

The aim of this study is to explore the potential miRNA and mRNA markers by bioinformatics method and clinical analysis.

Patients and methods

The miRNA expression profiles were obtained from GSE74209, GSE64433 and GSE115773 in Gene expression Omnibus (GEO). The mRNA expression profiles were obtained from GSE100609. Wayne intersection were used to explore the different expressed miRNAs (DE-miRs). Select the miRNA with the highest Fold Change for subsequent research. Screening of miRNA target genes using TargetScan and miRDB tools. GO and KEGG analyses of target genes (TGs) function were performed. Validate the selected TGs in the GSE100609. We collected female patients with femural intertrochanteric fractures from July 1, 2023 to October 31, 2023. Patient’s bone marrow and clinical data were collected. MiRNA and the target mRNA differentially expressed in bone marrow were verified through RT-qPCR. All data were subjected to Shapiro-Wilk test. Using Pearson or Spearman test to detect the correlation between various indicators, and then incorporating indicators related to bone density into multiple linear regression equations. Partial correlation analysis was used to analyze the correlation between the final indicators and bone density.

Results

A total of 140 DE-miRs were identified. Set the fold change to “>1” and ultimately include 5 miRNAs. Using miR-595 (highest |log2 FC|) as the subject of subsequent research. 3542 targeted mRNAs were predicted from TargetScan and 362 were from miRDB. 337 TGs were intersected, which were mainly enriched in nucleus. Only Cldnd1 were identified using the GSE100609 dataset. We found that miR-595 was highly expressed in patients with high bone mass, while Cldnd1 was downregulated. There was a strong collinearity between miR-595 and Cldnd1. Further multiple linear regression analysis showed a high correlation between miR-595 and bone density.

Conclusions

These data suggest that miR-595 and Cldnd1 might be related factors for decreased bone mass.
A primary school-based dengue solution model for post-COVID-19 in southern Thailand: Students understanding of the dengue solution and larval indices surveillance system
Authors: Jaroenpool Jiraporn , Maneerattanasak Sarunya , Adesina Femi , Phumee Atchara , Stanikzai Muhammad Haroon , Ponprasert Chumpon , Zheng Yingqin , Shohaimi Shamarina , Nam Truong Thanh , Ageru Temesgen Anjulo , Syafinaz Amin Nordin , Suwanbamrung Charuai
Published: December 2024

One of the consequences of the COVID-19 lockdown is that it hinders school-based dengue management interventions. This is due to the closure of schools and the limited availability of online lessons in certain schools. Conversely, the level of basic understanding that primary school children have about the condition is directly related to their likelihood of getting it and their ability to modify their behaviour to prevent it. Thus, the study aims to assess the understanding and develop a school-based model intervention for dengue solutions and larval indices surveillance systems suitable for primary schools. The study used a purposive and convenience technique to recruit participants in the Keawsan sub-district in Nabon district, Nakhon Si Thammarat province, Thailand. An applied community participatory action research (CPAR) design was used to develop a school-based model intervention. The pre-test result shows that more than 90% and 100% of the students have a poor understanding of dengue solutions (UDS) and larval indices surveillance systems (ULISS), respectively. The students with good scores on UDS increased from 2.9% to 54.6% after the intervention, and there is still a prevalent lack of good understanding among more than 85% of the students on ULISS. Meanwhile, gender, class, and school significantly influence (p <0.05) UDS and ULISS among students in either the pre-test or post-test. Based on the thematic analysis, it was determined that the students had learned about dengue fever transmission, dengue mosquitoes, container index calculation, dengue symptoms, and how to prevent dengue mosquitoes, among other topics. Overall, it was discovered that the trained students could convey their knowledge of the dengue solution and the larval indices surveillance system to other students. We recommend that further ULISS training be provided for schoolchildren in more simple terms that they can understand.
Numerical heat transfer simulation system based on Lagrangian particle mathematical model and SSPH algorithm
Authors: Fang Dan , Xiong Conghui , Yu Wei
Published: December 2024

With the continuous promotion and development of national industrialization, the performance control of precision casting and mechanical structures has become increasingly important. The traditional craftsmanship in the foundry industry relies on experience and trial-and-error method, resulting in high cost and long trial production cycles. A numerical heat transfer simulation system is proposed based on the Lagrangian particle mathematical model and optimized numerical heat transfer simulation algorithm. The simulation results showed that the simulation accuracy of the system was as high as 99.1%. The simulation time was stable at 434 ms, with CPU usage and memory usage controlled at 23% and 18%, respectively, surpassing the comparison system. The calculated results do not show any non-physical oscillations, ensuring the authenticity and reliability of simulation results. The results indicate that the numerical heat transfer simulation system provides an efficient, accurate, and low resource consuming simulation tool for the foundry industry, which promotes the rapid development of the manufacturing industry.
Ensemble learning driven Kolmogorov-Arnold Networks-based Lung Cancer classification
Authors: Sait Abdul Rahaman Wahab , AlBalawi Eid , Nagaraj Ramprasad
Published: December 2024

Early Lung Cancer (LC) detection is essential for reducing the global mortality rate. The limitations of traditional diagnostic techniques cause challenges in identifying LC using medical imaging data. In this study, we aim to develop a robust LC detection model. Positron Emission Tomography / Computed Tomography (PET / CT) images are utilized to comprehend the metabolic and anatomical data, leading to optimal LC diagnosis. In order to extract multiple LC features, we enhance MobileNet V3 and LeViT models. The weighted sum feature fusion technique is used to generate unique LC features. The extracted features are classified using spline functions, including linear, cubic, and B-spline of Kolmogorov–Arnold Networks (KANs). We ensemble the outcomes using the soft-voting approach. The model is generalized using the Lung—PET–CT–DX dataset. Five–fold cross-validation is used to evaluate the model. The proposed LC detection model achieves an impressive accuracy of 99.0% with a minimal loss of 0.07. In addition, limited resources are required to classify PET / CT images. The high performance underscores the potential of the proposed LC detection model in providing valuable and optimal results. The study findings can significantly improve clinical practice by presenting sophisticated and interpretable outcomes. The proposed model can be enhanced by integrating advanced feature fusion techniques.
The effect of economic crisis and austerity measures on deaths of despair in Brazil: An interrupted time series analysis
Authors: Guimarães Raphael Mendonça , Meira Karina Cardoso , da Silva Vicente Cristiane Teixeira , de Araújo Caribé Silvania Suely , da Silva Neves Luise Bernardes , Vardiero Nicole Almeida
Published: December 2024

Some recent analyses have described that, in the context of the instability of social protection institutions and economic crisis, there is an increase in mortality rates selectively from drug overdoses, suicides and alcohol-related liver diseases. This group of causes was named "Deaths of Despair. In the last decade, Brazil experienced economic stagnation and fiscal austerity, influencing the profile of illnesses and deaths. Therefore, our study aimed to evaluate the effect of the economic crisis and fiscal austerity measures on deaths of despair in Brazil and to describe the trend of deaths of despair in Brazil between 2003 and 2018, according to the phases of the economic cycle. We analyzed the time series of rates by covariates and fitted an interrupted time series model to assess the effect of the crisis on the trend through the Prais-Winsten method. The temporal analysis showed a significant difference in the mean values ​ before and after economic stagnation (Mean 8.68 ± 0.71) and after (Mean 11.62 ± 0.62). We found a positive association between the economic crisis and deaths of despair, with a significant change in level (p-value = 0.003) and a non-significant trend effect (p-value = 0.300). There are differences in sex, age, and especially race: men, middle-aged and black/brown people are more at risk. The present study presents the effect of the economic crisis and mortality in the population, with demographic differences.
Association of serum selenium with MASLD and liver fibrosis: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Guo Wenying , Weng Ting , Song Yufei
Published: December 2024

Background

The evolution of NAFLD, MAFLD, and MASLD underscores significant advancements and nomenclatural shifts in the realm of chronic liver disorders. This study primarily aimed to investigate the possible link between serum selenium levels and the occurrence of MASLD.

Methods

Utilizing data from NHANES for the years 2017 through 2020, we performed an in-depth analysis. To evaluate the relationship between serum selenium concentrations and the prevalence of MASLD and liver fibrosis, we employed a comprehensive multivariable analysis. This approach accounted for a range of variables to enhance the robustness and reliability of our results by mitigating potential confounding factors.

Results

Through the application of linear regression models, our comprehensive data analysis revealed significant insights. Elevated serum selenium levels exhibited a distinct positive correlation with CAP, whereas an inverse relationship with LSM was observed. Multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that higher serum selenium concentrations were significantly associated with an increased likelihood of MASLD, alongside a marked reduction in the probability of liver fibrosis.

Conclusion

The findings of this study highlight a significant positive association between elevated serum selenium levels, CAP, and the prevalence of MASLD, coupled with an inverse relationship with LSM and liver fibrosis.
Experimental economics for machine learning—a methodological contribution on lie detection
Authors: Bershadskyy Dmitri , Dinges Laslo , Fiedler Marc-André , Al-Hamadi Ayoub , Ostermaier Nina , Weimann Joachim
Published: December 2024

In this paper, we investigate how technology has contributed to experimental economics in the past and illustrate how experimental economics can contribute to technological progress in the future. We argue that with machine learning (ML), a new technology is at hand, where for the first time experimental economics can contribute to enabling substantial improvement of technology. At the same time, ML opens up new questions for experimental research because it can generate previously impossible observations. To demonstrate this, we focus on algorithms trained to detect lies. Such algorithms are of high relevance for research in economics as they deal with the ability to retrieve otherwise private information. We deduce that most of the commonly applied data sets for the training of lie detection algorithms could be improved by applying the toolbox of experimental economics. To illustrate this, we replicate the “lies in disguise-experiment” by Fischbacher and Föllmi-Heusi with a modification regarding monitoring. The modified setup guarantees a certain level of privacy from the experimenter yet allows to record the subjects as they lie to the camera. Despite monitoring, our results indicate the same lying behavior as in the original experiment. Yet, our experiment allows an individual-level analysis of experimental data and the generation of a lie detection algorithm with an accuracy rate of 67%, which we present in this article.
The Screening Visual Complaints questionnaire-acquired brain injury: Development and evaluation of psychometric properties in a community sample
Authors: Dol Vera Linde , Fuermaier Anselm B. M. , Will Eline M. E. , van Sorge Arlette J. , Heutink Joost
Published: December 2024

Purpose

Visual complaints are a common consequence of acquired brain injury (ABI). Yet, they may be overlooked in clinical practice. The present study aims to develop a screening instrument for assessing visual complaints in individuals with ABI and evaluate its psychometrics properties in a community sample.

Methods

We constructed the Dutch Screening Visual Complaints questionnaire-acquired brain injury (SVCq-abi), a self-report 23-item questionnaire. A Dutch community sample of 1159 participants (Mean [SD] age, 60 [16] years) completed the SVCq-abi and other questionnaires on visual disturbances, executive functioning, mental health, and autistic traits. Confirmatory factor analyses were performed for 5 models (1-factor, 3-factor, 5-factor, second-order, and bifactor) on a random split of half of the sample, and cross-validated on the other half. In addition, we evaluated floor and ceiling effects, scale reliability, test-retest reliability, as well as convergent and divergent validity.

Results

A 5-factor structure of the SVCq-abi was adopted which showed an excellent model of fit, with all item loadings exceeding 0.5. The SVCq-abi subscales demonstrated various floor effects, acceptable scale reliability, moderate to good test-retest reliability (ICC = 0.65 to 0.73), along with sufficient convergent (r2 = 9% to 32%) and divergent validity (r2 = 2% to 13%).

Conclusions

The SVCq-abi shows fundamental psychometric properties and the factor analysis provides support for a 5-factor structure. Further validation of the SVCq-abi in individuals with ABI is essential.
Influence of chlorhexidine dentin disinfection on universal adhesive performance: Interfacial adaptation and bond strength assessments
Authors: Turkistani Alaa , Sonbul Helal M. , Almarzouki Mai
Published: December 2024

Purpose

This study aimed to investigate the effect of chlorhexidine (CHX) cavity disinfectant on interfacial microleakage and micro-tensile bond strength (μTBS) of a universal adhesive bonded to dentin in both self-etch (SE) and etch-and-rinse (ER) modes.

Methods

Class I cavities were prepared in the coronal dentin of extracted human teeth and assigned to two etching modes (SE or ER), then subdivided by disinfection with or without CHX (n = 5). Cavities were restored using Single Bond Universal Adhesive and Filtek Z350 XT composite. After 10,000 thermal cycles, interfacial microleakage was assessed on serial B-scans obtained for each specimen using cross-polarization optical coherence tomography. For μTBS testing, resin composite was bonded to dentin discs, sectioned into beams, and subjected to tensile load until failure using a universal testing machine. Failure modes in fractured beams were analyzed under a stereomicroscope and categorized as adhesive, cohesive, or mixed. ANOVA with Bonferroni post-hoc at a significance level of 0.05 was used to compare the groups.

Results

Microleakage was not significantly influenced by the etching mode or CHX disinfection (p-value = 0.068). For μTBS, the ER group exhibited the highest values, and CHX disinfection did not significantly alter these results (p-value = 1.000). In contrast, the SE-CHX group displayed significantly lower μTBS than the ER, ER-CHX, and SE groups (p-values of <0.001, <0.001 and 0.012, respectively). ER mode primarily resulted in adhesive failures, regardless of CHX. SE group exhibited both adhesive and cohesive failures, while SE-CHX mostly showed adhesive failures.

Conclusion

The use of CHX disinfectant influences the bonding performance of universal adhesive differently depending on the application mode. Specifically, in the SE mode, CHX adversely affects bond strength to dentin. This suggests that when using universal adhesives in SE mode, clinicians should carefully consider the use of CHX disinfectants, as they may interfere with the adhesive’s effectiveness.
Farmland increases Indian crested porcupine occupancy in Parsa-Koshi complex, Nepal
Authors: Subedi Bishal , Regmi Sandeep , Bhattarai Bishnu Prasad , Katuwal Hem Bahadur , Ram Ashok Kumar , Belant Jerrold L. , Sharma Hari Prasad
Published: December 2024

Understanding species distributions and factors influencing them are important for conservation, particularly for species occurring in human-dominated areas. The Indian crested porcupine (Hystrix indica; hereafter porcupine) is distributed southeast and central Asia, however, the porcupine occurrence and habitat use is poorly understood in the area. We deployed cameras at 154 sites for 21 days (3234 trap nights) during December 2022–March 2023 in the human-dominated landscape of Parsa-Koshi Complex (PKC), Madesh Province, Nepal. We used single season single species occupancy model to estimate the relationship of selected covariates with porcupine occupancy. We identified moderate occupancy [0.321 ± 0.079 (SD)] and detection probability [0.315 ± 0.076 (SD)] of porcupines. Although porcupine occurrence was greater in protected area than in outside protected areas, occupancy was positively associated with area of farmland (1.531 ± 1.703) and human presence (0.459 ± 0.531), while it declined with increasing forest canopy cover (-0.86 ± 0.363). The positive effects of agricultural areas and human presence demonstrate the adaptability of porcupines to humans and the potential for continued conflicts. Based on these baseline data, policy makers and wildlife managers can gain insight into the pattern of porcupine occurrence and aid targeted conservation strategies to mitigate increasing human-porcupine conflicts in PKC.
Balance recovery schemes following mediolateral gyroscopic moment perturbations during walking
Authors: Mohseni Omid , Mahmoudi Asghar , Firouzi Vahid , Seyfarth Andre , Vallery Heike , A. Sharbafi Maziar
Published: December 2024

Maintaining balance during human walking hinges on the exquisite orchestration of whole-body angular momentum (WBAM). This study delves into the regulation of WBAM during gait by examining balance strategies in response to upper-body moment perturbations in the frontal plane. A portable Angular Momentum Perturbator (AMP) was utilized in this work, capable of generating perturbation torques on the upper body while minimizing the impact on the center of mass (CoM) excursions. Ten participants underwent upper-body perturbations during either the mid-stance or touch-down moment in both ipsilateral and contralateral directions in the frontal plane. Our findings emphasize the predominant role of the hip strategy and foot placement as primary mechanisms for recovering from WBAM perturbations, regardless of the perturbation’s timing or direction. Specifically, hip add/abduction torque and step width were significantly modulated following perturbations during the stance and swing phases, respectively, to reject frontal-plane balance threats. The knee and ankle torque modulation were not found to be effective in the recovery process. Additionally, we observed that recovery from WBAM perturbations occurs promptly within the same stride in which the perturbation occurs, unlike other perturbation scenarios, such as platform translation. These insights have the potential to enhance the development of assistive devices and more robust controllers for bipedal robots.
A drop dispenser for simplifying on-farm detection of foodborne pathogens
Authors: Ranjbaran Mohsen , Kaur Simerdeep , Wang Jiangshan , Raut Bibek , Verma Mohit S.
Published: December 2024

Nucleic-acid biosensors have emerged as useful tools for on-farm detection of foodborne pathogens on fresh produce. Such tools are specifically designed to be user-friendly so that a producer can operate them with minimal training and in a few simple steps. However, one challenge in the deployment of these biosensors is delivering precise sample volumes to the biosensor’s reaction sites. To address this challenge, we developed an innovative drop dispenser using advanced 3D printing technology, combined with a hydrophilic surface chemistry treatment. This dispenser enables the generation of precise sample drops, containing DNA or bacterial samples, in volumes as small as a few micro-liters (∼20 to ∼33 μL). The drop generator was tested over an extended period to assess its durability and usability over time. The results indicated that the drop dispensers have a shelf life of approximately one month. In addition, the device was rigorously validated for nucleic acid testing, specifically by using loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) for the detection of Escherichia coli O157, a prevalent foodborne pathogen. To simulate real-world conditions, we tested the drop dispensers by integrating them into an on-farm sample collection system, ensuring they deliver samples accurately and consistently for nucleic acid testing in the field. Our results demonstrated similar performance to commercial pipettors in LAMP assays, with a limit of detection of 7.8×106 cells/mL for whole-cell detection. This combination of precision, ease of use, and durability make our drop dispenser a promising tool for enhancing the effectiveness of nucleic acid biosensors in the field.
GATA2 participates in protection against hypoxia-induced pulmonary vascular remodeling
Authors: Shirota Yuko , Ohmori Shin’ya , Engel James Douglas , Moriguchi Takashi
Published: December 2024

The vascular endothelium is vital for cardio-pulmonary homeostasis and, thus, plays a crucial role in preventing life-threatening lung diseases. The transcription factor GATA2 is essential for hematopoiesis and maintaining vascular integrity. Heterozygous mutations in GATA2 can lead to a primary immunodeficiency syndrome with pulmonary manifestations. Some GATA2 haploinsufficient patients develop pulmonary hypertension (PH), characterized by vascular remodeling and occlusion of small pulmonary arteries. However, the mechanism underlying pulmonary vascular remodeling in GATA2 haploinsufficient patients remain unclear. To understand how GATA2 deficiency affects pulmonary artery homeostasis, we applied a chronic hypoxia-mediated PH model using inducible systemic Gata2 conditionally deficient (G2-CKO) mice. The G2-CKO mice exhibited augmented pulmonary vascular remodeling, with enhanced α-smooth muscle actin accumulation and increased apoptotic cells in the vascular wall upon chronic hypoxia. Transcript analysis and chromatin immunoprecipitation assays using mouse pulmonary vascular endothelial cells revealed that GATA2 directly regulates the expression of G6pdx (a crucial cytoprotective enzyme) and Bmp4 (a growth factor that mediates vascular homeostasis). These results suggest that GATA2-deficient lungs are vulnerable to the hypoxic stress due to a diminished cellular protective response, making G2-CKO mice more prone to vascular remodeling upon chronic hypoxia. These findings provide insights into the mechanisms underlying GATA2-haploinsufficiency-related pulmonary hypertension.
Antibacterial effects of thyme oil loaded solid lipid and chitosan nano-carriers against Salmonella Typhimurium and Escherichia coli as food preservatives
Authors: Monsef Amirhosein Shabgoo , Nemattalab Mehran , Parvinroo Shirin , Hesari Zahra
Published: December 2024

Objectives

Escherichia coli and Salmonella Typhimurium are frequent causes of foodborne illness affecting many people annually. In order to develop natural antimicrobial agents against these microorganisms, thyme oil (TO) was considered as active antibacterial ingredient. TO contains various bioactive compounds that exhibit antimicrobial properties. To increase the antibacterial effects and stability of thyme oil, two promising carrier systems, solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN) and chitosan nanoparticles have been fabricated in this study.

Methods

Nanoparticles were made using natural-based lipids and polymers by a probe sonication method. They were characterized using infrared spectrometry (FTIR), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), particle size, cytotoxicity, etc. Antibacterial effects of TO, thyme oil loaded in SLN (TO-SLN) and thyme oil loaded in chitosan nanoparticle (TO-CH) was evaluated against E. coli and S. typhimurium using Minimum inhibitory/bactericidal concentrations (MIC/MBC) determination. Encapsulation efficiency (EE%) and drug release profile were also studied in vitro.

Results

TEM analysis revealed spherical/ovoid-shaped particles with clear edges. TO-SLN had an average size of 42.47nm, while TO-CH had an average size of 144.8nm. The Encapsulation efficiency of TO–CH and TO–SLN nanoparticles were about 81.6±1% and 73.4±1%, respectively. Results indicated 92% cumulative release in TO-CH in comparison with 88% in TO-SLN in 72 h. MIC against E. coli and S. typhimurium for TO-CH, TO-SLN, and pure TO were 4 and 1.5 μg/mL, 60 and 40 μg/mL, and 180–150 μg/mL, respectively.

Conclusion

Nanoencapsulation of thyme oil significantly potentiated its antimicrobial effects. TO-CH exhibited a significantly higher antibacterial effect compared to TO-SLN (6-fold) and pure thyme oil (more than 10-fold).
Modulation of initial leftward bias in visual search by parietal tDCS
Authors: Geers Laurie , Dormal Valérie , Bonato Mario , Vandermeeren Yves , Masson Nicolas , Andres Michael
Published: December 2024

Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) has the potential to modulate spatial attention by enhancing the activity in one hemisphere relative to the other. This study aims to inform neurorehabilitation strategies for spatial attention disorders by investigating the impact of tDCS on the performance of healthy participants. Unlike prior research that focused on visual detection, we extended the investigation to visual search and visual imagery using computerized neuropsychological tests. Forty-eight participants had to actively search for targets in space (visual search) and notice differences between two mental images (visual imagery). Anodal stimulation was administered over the left parietal cortex for half of the participants and over the right parietal cortex for the other half. The results showed that tDCS modulated spatial attention in visual search but not in visual imagery. In the sham condition, visual search was characterized by a leftward bias in the selection of the first target and a left asymmetry in the overall spatial distribution of cancelled targets. Parietal tDCS modulated the initial leftward bias, enhancing it (more lateral) during right anodal stimulation and reducing it (more central) during left anodal stimulation. However, this effect was not reflected in the spatial distribution of the cancelled targets. The overall visual search performance marginally improved during right anodal stimulation, as evidenced by a greater percentage of cancelled targets compared to sham. Finally, the results revealed no left-right asymmetries in the visual imagery task, either after sham or anodal stimulation. The specific effect of parietal tDCS on the initiation of visual search offers a new perspective for targeted neurorehabilitation strategies and provides further insight into the different sensitivity of visual search measures classically used in brain-lesioned patients.
Factors that influence consumer viewing behavior in large-scale preview screenings in Chinese film market
Authors: Shen Cong , Hao Xin
Published: December 2024

The large-scale preview screenings during the summer season of 2023 hit box office records in the Chinese film industry. The rising box office earnings of widely distributed films indicate an increasing consumer propensity to watch movies in the post-pandemic period. Nevertheless, there is a lack of research about the consumption patterns associated with large-scale preview screening activity. This study examines the determinants of large-scale preview screening behavior by building a research model based on the theory of planned behavior. After interviewing 251 consumers from Zhengzhou, a newly selected first-tier city in China, we used Amos to analyze their patterns in attending large-scale preview screenings. According to our empirical study, consumers’ intention to watch movies on large-scale preview screening is positively and significantly affected by their perceived behavioral control, social network, and consumption expectation. Perceived behavioral control had the most significant influence, followed by social network and consumption expectation. These elements have a favorable and significant influence on consumers’ intention to watch movies. This study examines the main factors that influence consumers’ movie-watching habits and identifies the behavioral patterns that affect large-scale preview screening cinema attendance. The findings of this study can be a reference for increasing consumers’ passion for watching films. It offers vital recommendations for the recovery and sustainable growth of China’s film market in the post-pandemic period.
Removal of liquid scintillator exudates by the metal organic frameworks materials: The role of functional groups
Authors: Ren Jie , Wang Peng , Gu Aotian , Gong Chunhui , Chen Kaiwei , Mao Ping , Jiao Yan , Chen Kai , Yang Yi
Published: December 2024

The leakage of Liquid scintillator exudates has brought potential harm to the environment. Attributed to the large specific surface area and high modifiability, high-performance adsorbents based on metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) can effectively remove organic pollutants. In this work, we use different functional groups to prepare the material of UIO-66(Zr). These materials were used to remove dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) from water, which is considered a typical liquid scintillator exudate. The results showed that the UIO-66-NH2 (154.3 mg/g) exhibited better adsorption performance compared to the UIO-66-OH (39.5 mg/g) and UIO-66-COOH (105.8 mg/g) for the removal of DMSO. Upon examining the adsorptive abilities of various samples of different UIO-66-NH2 samples, it was observed that the material’s ability to adsorb is in a direct relationship with the -NH2 group concentration present in the substance, as evidenced by a correlation coefficient R2 of 0.99. Simultaneously, in the low concentration of environment, the samples of UIO-66 which load NH2 groups shows high removal effectiveness of over 90%. The adsorption capacity of the prepared materials was little affected by the complex water quality conditions and different initial pH values (between 4~10). Furthermore, the material has good reusability and adsorption capacity over five cycles, and slight zirconium release (< 5%). This optimal material showed significant removal capacity for DMSO. In conclusion, this work presents insight into the construction of advanced adsorbents for the removal of liquid scintillator exudates that have high adsorption capacity and strong potential for DMSO removal.
The experience of loneliness among people with psychosis: Qualitative meta-synthesis
Authors: Lee Cheuk Ying , Ahmed Nafiso , Ikhtabi Sarah , Duffett Phoebe , Alhilow Yazan , Richardson Leonie , Pitman Alexandra , Lloyd-Evans Brynmor , Johnson Sonia
Published: December 2024

Background

Loneliness can be a significant challenge for people living with psychosis. We currently lack evidence about how to help with this. Understanding the origins, experience, and impact of loneliness in this group is helpful in developing strategies to reduce it. We therefore aimed to conduct a meta-synthesis of the qualitative literature exploring the nature of loneliness, and the factors contributing to the development and maintenance of loneliness, among people living with psychosis.

Methods

We searched four electronic databases (MEDLINE, Embase, PsycINFO and Web of Science) for studies meeting pre-defined eligibility criteria. We adhered to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines, and appraised the quality of each eligible study using the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme (CASP) checklist. We conducted thematic synthesis to combine the included qualitative findings to generate key overarching themes.

Results

We included 41 articles and our analysis generated six meta-themes: (1) loneliness in the form of disconnection, (2) a rejecting and stigmatising external world, (3) loneliness and acute psychotic episodes and symptoms, (4) thwarted longing for connection, (5) paradoxes of loneliness and psychosis, and (6) well-being embedded in the social world. Our findings suggest a vicious cycle in which loneliness, psychosis and social withdrawal can be mutually reinforcing. Reciprocity of and continuity in relationships were valued by those with psychosis, while self-stigma and experiences of rejection appeared to exacerbate loneliness and impede recovery.

Conclusion

Our meta-synthesis offers insights into how people living with psychosis are affected by loneliness. Tailored interventions are needed, which should focus on supporting people in overcoming internal barriers to connection and low self-esteem, challenging stigma and self-stigma, and linking people to social support according to needs and preferences.
Carbon emission quantification analysis of excavation engineering under road transport conditions
Authors: Chongxi Bai , Zhang Zhiheng
Published: December 2024

Current research on building carbon emissions primarily focuses on various carbon emission assessment models and the use of life cycle analysis to evaluate overall building carbon emissions, with limited attention given to excavation engineering. Based on the life cycle method and process analysis, this study analyzes carbon emissions in excavation engineering by optimizing the evaluation model for fuel consumption standards of freight vehicles during the transportation phase in China. To account for the difference between actual and rated fuel consumption of transport vehicles, factors such as road conditions, traffic congestion, and temperature are introduced to adjust the carbon emission calculation model for the transportation phase. This approach reasonably incorporates the impact of fuel consumption during vehicle idling on carbon emission calculations. Using the 02B excavation of the Beijing Sub-Center Station transportation hub as a case study to validate the proposed method, the analysis reveals that the primary source of carbon emissions in excavation engineering is earthwork transportation, accounting for 40.50% of total emissions. Among these, earthwork transportation contributes 95.28% of emissions within the transportation phase. Due to adjustments in the carbon emission calculation model for the transportation phase, carbon emissions increased by 1,226.79 tons, accounting for 9.2% of the total. The revised model provides a theoretical basis for accurately assessing carbon emissions in excavation engineering.
Comparative transcriptome analysis of albino northern snakehead (Channa argus) reveals its various collagen-related DEGs in caudal fin cells
Authors: Chen Shixi , Li Ning , Safiul Azam Fardous Mohammad , Ao Li , Li Na , Wang Jianlan , Zou Yuanchao , Li Rui , Prodhan Zakaria Hossain
Published: December 2024

The albino northern snakehead (Channa argus) is an aquaculture species characterized by heritable albino body color, in contrast to the typical coloration. Additionally, there are gray- and golden-finned individuals, which exhibit distinct coloration in their caudal fins. We performed RNA-seq to profile the transcriptome of caudal fin tissues in albino gray-finned and golden-finned C. argus, contrasting these with normal morphs to elucidate the differences between the two groups. A total of 137,130 unigenes were identified in this study. Gene Ontology (GO) analysis showed that the identified DEGs were significantly enriched in cellular components related to cytoplasm. So far, 379 common DEGs have been identified in all three groups. Notably, we observed more DEGs in golden-finned individuals compared to gray-finned individuals. We also revealed that golden-finned individuals were enriched in collagen-related pathways compared with normal individuals. The enriched DEGs of collagen components include collagen I of COL1A1 and COL1A2, collagen II of COL2A1, collagen V of COL5A1 and COL5A2, collagen VI of COL6A1 and COL6A3, collagen IX of COL9A3, collagen X of COL10A1, collagen XI of COL11A2, collagen XII of COL12A1, collagen XVI of COL16A1, collagen XVIII of COL18A1 and decorin (DCN), all of which play a role in modulating the collagen matrix. In golden-finned albino fish, collagen-related genes were downregulated, suggesting that despite the abundance of collagen types in their caudal fin cells, gene expression was slightly limited. This work provides valuable genetic insights into collagen variation in albino C. argus, lays the foundation for research on collagen genes and is crucial for the development and utilization of fish-derived collagen as a biomaterial for tissue engineering and biomedical applications.
Evolutionary analysis of slope direction deformation in the Gaojiawan landslide based on time-series InSAR and Kalman filtering
Authors: Yao Jingchuan , Zhan Runqing , Guo Jiliang , Wang Wei , Yuan Muce , Li Guangyu , Zhang Bo , Zhang Rui
Published: December 2024

The existing landslide monitoring methods are unable to accurately reflect the true deformation of the landslide body, and the use of a single SAR satellite, affected by its revisit cycle, still suffers from the limitation of insufficient temporal resolution for landslide monitoring. Therefore, this paper proposes a method for the dynamic reconstruction and evolutionary characteristic analysis of the Gaojiawan landslide’s along-slope deformation based on ascending and descending orbit time-series InSAR observations using Kalman filtering. Initially, the method employs a gridded selection approach during the InSAR time-series processing, filtering coherent points based on the standard deviation of residual phases, thereby ensuring the density and quality of the extracted coherent points. Subsequently, the combination of ascending and descending orbit data converts the landslide’s line of sight (LOS) deformation into along-slope deformation. Finally, the Kalman filtering method is utilized for dynamic reconstruction of the landslide deformation, and an analysis of the evolutionary characteristics of the landslide is conducted to explore its impact on transportation infrastructure, thereby significantly improving the temporal resolution and accuracy of landslide monitoring. To verify the feasibility of the algorithm, this paper selects the Gaojiawan landslide as a typical study area. Based on the ascending and descending Sentinel-1 SAR data from 2016 to 2023, it extracts the temporal series of slope body deformation to further explore its impact on the internal transportation infrastructure of the slope body. Experimental results show that the combination of ascending and descending SAR data and Kalman filtering has improved the time resolution of landslide monitoring to six days. It was found that two significant slips occurred in the slope body in January 2016 and June 2021, while other periods were relatively stable. Further discussion and analysis reveal that there is a difference in the slip deformation rate between the upper and lower parts of the slope body, and the shear stress caused by dislocation deformation.
Analysis of the spatiotemporal evolution of birth rates and influencing factors in the Yangtze River Basin
Authors: Jiang Xiujuan , Pan Qianhua , Xu Wei , Sun Jingyuan , Chen Sicheng
Published: December 2024

The declining birth rate is one of the world’s major challenges. There is much literature on birth rate research in China. However, there are few studies on spatial distribution and influencing factors of birth rate in the Yangtze River Basin. In this study, data from 11 regions of the Yangtze River Basin from 2006 to 2023 were used to analyze the spatial and temporal distribution characteristics of birth rates using GIS spatial visualization and four-quadrant diagram. At the same time, 13 factors affecting birth rates were combined to carry out research. The results show that: (1) In 2023, five regions reported birth rates above 7‰, with Tibet faring the best, while six regions had rates below 7‰, with Hunan being the least favorable. (2) The first type of birth rate area shows a process of slow increase—slight decrease—accelerated growth—rapid decrease; the second type of birth rate area shows a process of gradual decrease—moderate increase—rapid decrease—rapid increase—rapid decrease; the third type of birth rate area has increased rapidly since 2021. The three types of birth rate areas show the characteristics of the spatiotemporal pattern of continuous spread and development. (3) The aging rate, per capita GDP, proportion of primary industry output value, proportion of tertiary industry output value, female illiteracy rate, per capita disposable income, per capita consumption expenditure, urbanization rate, proportion of higher education, juvenile dependency ratio, and elderly dependency ratio have different degrees of influence on the birth rate.
Exploring determinant factors influencing muscle quality and sarcopenia in Bilbao’s older adult population through machine learning: A comprehensive analysis approach
Authors: Virto Naiara , Dequin Danielle Marie , Río Xabier , Méndez-Zorrilla Amaia , García-Zapirain Begoña
Published: December 2024

Background

Sarcopenia and reduced muscle quality index have garnered special attention due to their prevalence among older individuals and the adverse effects they generate. Early detection of these geriatric pathologies holds significant potential, enabling the implementation of interventions that may slow or reverse their progression, thereby improving the individual’s overall health and quality of life. In this context, artificial intelligence opens up new opportunities to identify the key identifying factors of these pathologies, thus facilitating earlier intervention and personalized treatment approaches.

Objectives

investigate anthropomorphic, functional, and socioeconomic factors associated with muscle quality and sarcopenia using machine learning approaches and identify key determinant factors for their potential future integration into clinical practice.

Methods

A total of 1253 older adults (89.5% women) with a mean age of 78.13 ± 5.78 voluntarily participated in this descriptive cross-sectional study, which examines determining factors in sarcopenia and MQI using machine learning techniques. Feature selection was completed using a variety of techniques and feature datasets were constructed according to feature selection. Three machine learning classification algorithms classified sarcopenia and MQI in each dataset, and the performance of classification models was compared.

Results

The predictive models used in this study exhibited AUC scores of 0.7671 for MQI and 0.7649 for sarcopenia, with the most successful algorithms being SVM and MLP. Key factors in predicting both conditions have been shown to be relative power, age, weight, and the 5STS. No single factor is sufficient to predict either condition, and by comprehensively considering all selected features, the study underscores the importance of a holistic approach in understanding and addressing sarcopenia and MQI among older adults.

Conclusions

Exploring the factors that affect sarcopenia and MQI in older adults, this study highlights that relative power, age, weight, and the 5STS are significant determinants. While considering these clinical markers and using a holistic approach, this can provide crucial information for designing personalized and effective interventions to promote healthy aging.