bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of biometeorological variables on the onset of phenophases derived from MODIS data and visual observations
Authors: Lukasová Veronika , Vasiľová Ivana , Bucha Tomáš , Snopková Zora , Škvarenina Jaroslav
Published: May 2015

In this study we analyzed the effect of selected biometeorological variables on the onset of phenophases in three beech stands in different climatic areas (warm, moderately warm and cold). We have focused on two phenophases - leaf unfolding and leaf colouring. Timing of both phenophases was identified visually and using series of MODIS satellite images. The data were collected during a 13-year period (2000-2012). For the spring period, we found a significant dependence between temperature and precipitation-based biometeorological variables and leaf unfolding in both datasets - those based on visual and remote sensing-based observations. The average air temperature in the period from February-April was the most significant factor which initiated the onset of beginning of leaf unfolding in all three investigated stands. The evapotranspiration-based biometeorological variables (climatic water balance, actual evapotranspiration, dryness index) had no effect on the onset of the beginning of leaf unfolding observed using both methods. The high precipitation totals in April caused the later onset of leaf unfolding in all stands. The relationship between the first autumn phenophase - leaf colouring and biometeorological variables was found significant in beech stand in the warm climatic area only.
Inter- and intra-annual dynamics of height increment in young beech and spruce stands in relation to tree size and weather conditions
Authors: Konôpka Bohdan , Pajtík Jozef , Bošeľa Michal , Hlásny Tomáš , Sitková Zuzana
Published: May 2015

We investigated the seasonal dynamics of height increment, as well as total annual height increment, in 2009-2013 on young stands of beech and spruce grown at the same site. The results showed that the inter-annual dynamics of basic stand characteristics, especially tree density, were more obvious in spruce than in beech stands. Much higher tree mortality in spruce was explained by a lower light intensity under the spruce stand canopy and higher tolerance of beech to shade. Large interspecific differences were also found in the timing of height increment. Specifically, the height increment of beech trees started earlier than those of spruce. Moreover, the terminal grew for longer in spruce (nearly 70 days) compared to beech (about 45 days). The comparisons between the courses of the height increment and the ambient factors suggested that global radiation played a principal role. In the beech stand, the maximum height increment rate occurred during the same days as the maximal global radiation in 2009 and 2011, while a decline of the height increment occurred simultaneously with a depression in global radiation in 2012. As for the spruce stand, its one-peak maxima in height increment were related to the maximum of global radiation in 2009 and in 2012. On the other hand, double-peak courses of height increment in 2010 and 2011 may have been related to sudden declines in global radiation. Interspecific differences in height increment timing might play a certain role in cases of unfavourable weather conditions, e.g. drought episodes in the middle part of the growing season when the height increment would be accomplished in beech but would still be ongoing in spruce.
Analysis of abundance and quality characteristics of individuals in a regenerated Northern red oak (Quercus rubra L.) stand
Authors: Gubka Karol , Pittner Ján
Published: May 2015

A 40-year-long research of the influence of diverse silvicultural managements on Northern red oak (Quercus rubra L.) stand development
has been performed in Šahy Forest District (Veľký Šomoš locality). Currently (stand age 85 years) the stand regeneration has begun.
A shelterwood-strip-system of regeneration with a short regeneration period (10 or 15 years) is recommended. During the silvicultural
selection of trees we examined quantitative biometrical characteristics and qualitative characteristics. We found out that on the plot with
the seed cut 20% of individuals were bent or created vegetative sprouts, 10% of trees had a fork crown and 7% were mechanically damaged.
41% of trees were undamaged. On the plot with the clear cut,up to 47.5% of trees (including chosen trees) were without degradations
marks. The number of bent trees (10%) was lower compared to the plot with the seed cut, but the number of trees with vegetative sprouts
was higher (26%). Statistical analysis based on χ2 test revealed that the differences in the abundance of qualitative characteristics between
the investigated regeneration elements were statistically insignificant. In Europe, Northern red oak is a tree species of the future, so it is
necessary to pay more attention to this species.
Semiautomatic tree ring segmentation using Active Contours and an optimised gradient operator / Poloautomatizovaná segmentácia ročných radiálnych kruhov stromov s využitím metódy „Active Contours“ a optimalizovaného gradientového operátora
Authors: Henke Michael , Sloboda Branislav
Published: May 2015

This paper presents an easy and effective method to extract tree rings completely from images of tree discs independent of their source. The method uses Active Contours, often used in medical image processing to detect organs, in combination with an optimised image filter based on the Sobel operator to automatically outline the tree rings. Special attention is given to eliminate critical physical irregularities caused by branches, cracks or colourisations. The work resulted in the implementation of a platform independent, free and open source software solution for semiautomatic tree ring segmentation. Comparison to manual measurements shows that the system is dependable and the results are reproducible. The system has been applied to several conifer species.
Laboratory experiments with growth potential of Cenangium ferruginosum tested on natural nutrition soils
Authors: Kunca Andrej , Leontovyč Roman
Published: May 2015

Začiatkom jari 2012 sa v niektorych oblastiach Slovenska objavilo važne poškodenie borovic. Hnednutie ihlic všetkych ročnikov, nekrozy kory a rakovinove rany na vetvach boli priznakmi tohto poškodenia. Neboli zistene poškodenia podkornym a listožravym hmyzom, koreňove hniloby, sypavky a ani tracheomykozy. Taktiež sme vylučili pyknidovku beľovu Sphaeropsis sapinea ako povodcu tohto hynutia borovic, hoci poškodenie borovic touto hubou bolo v obdobi rokov 2000 až 2007 najvyznamnejšie a v menšom rozsahu pretrvava stale. Laboratornymi rozbormi sme zistili pritomnosť huby Cenangium ferruginosum, ziskali sme čiste kultury a infekčnymi testami sme overili patogenitu ziskaneho izolatu. Potencialnu patogenitu sme testovali ako schopnosť mycelia rasť na prirodzenych živnych podach pripravenych z vyluhu listov, resp. dreva a kory vetvičiek vybranych drevin. Poznatky z terennych šetreni, laboratornych rozborov a terennych hodnoteni možnych predispozičnych faktorov su opisane v tomto članku.
Zmeny druhového zloženia Bábskeho lesa po ťažbe dreva
Authors: Pilková Ivana
Published: May 2015

We present the results of a research which was realized in June 2011 on the location of the Bab forest (SW Slovakia, Nitra loess upland). On 30 permanent areas in the Bab forest there were 117 taxa of higher plants registered. On 12 permanent clear-cut areas were situated 87 taxa and on 18 forest areas 61 plant taxa. a higher number of species was registered on permanent clear-cut areas where heliophilous plants dominated. On clear cuts was also a bigger cover of herbs. There were dominated hemicryptophytes and terophytes unlike forest areas where nano- and makrofanerophytes dominate and where tree and shrub layers have a high cover. The highest frequency of occurrence on clear-cuts (100%) achieved species Geum urbanum and Pulmonaria officinalis and in the forest stand the forest taxa Mercurialis perennis, Hedera helix and Melica uniflora. On all 30 areas dominated indigenous species and apophytes. Four new clear cut areas and 6 open stands arose after realisation of clear and shelterwood fellings in November 2006 and subsequently a change of plant species composition occurred. The logging created suitable conditions for penetration of non-indigenous species from the surrounding (mainly anthropogenic) habitats. That is why there are largely synanthropic and non-indigenous taxa represented on permanent clear-cut areas, which are spreading further to the forest stand as well as distant areas of the Bab forest.
Analýza aktuálneho zvyšovania produkcie Lesov SR na základe údajov LHP
Authors: Herich Ivan
Published: May 2015

This paper is based on results from assessment of the production characteristics development in sampling sets of forest management plans with the same date of validity and the validity period. Database is generated by basis sets of forest management plans valid from 1983. The aim of the analysis is to quantify and compare the development of production characteristics of the prevailing tree species in time levels and to quantify the impact of increasing growing stock.

We have analysed the variables of the main crop: mean height, mean diameter, absolute yield class, current annual increment, growing stock and crop density.

The result is a progressive, balanced and significant trend of increasing production characteristics, which confirms the results of the selection assessment and indicates increased and fast growth of Slovak forests in the research period.

The analysis showed that increasing total growing stock is caused except increasing mean heights and mean diameters in particular by changes of the age structure that is reflected in increasing average age of the area.
SWOT strategies for forestry logistics in six European regions
Authors: Kovalčík Miroslav , Mühlberg Christoph , Oberwimmer Roland , Pretterhofer Erhard , Felix Christian , Gabathuler Michael , Holtkämper Volker , Kies Uwe , Soloviy Ihor , Pahl Iris
Published: May 2015

The paper presents findings from a comparative analysis of three major topical fields of interest notably supply chain management, technological progress and mass flux analysis in six European forest regions of the IN2WOOD project (FP7 RoK 2010-2012). The study identifies matching strengths and weaknesses and summarizes cross-regional priorities. Based on this information, a set of the region’s strategies was compiled in view of the general objective to optimise logistics. Four different strategy types were proposed: SO-strategy (internal strengths were used to realise external opportunities, WO-strategy (reducing internal weakness to realise external opportunities), ST-strategy (internal strengths were used to minimise external threats) and WT-strategy (reducing the internal weaknesses to avoid external threats). Main common strategies for forestry logistics are: developing clear concepts for the implementation of ICT applications for difficult terrain like GPS-maps in mountainous regions, increasing the possibility of co-operations between the actors involved and developing a detailed mass flux analyses as a basis for SCM concepts.
Dynamika obnovy a vývoja lesných porastov na Slovensku počas ostatných piatich desaťročí
Authors: Konôpka Jozef , Šebeň Vladimír , Konôpka Bohdan
Published: May 2015

General information on forest growth and development as well as different approaches of forest management are presented in the introduction of the paper. Furthermore, it shows an analysis of the development of tree species composition in the Slovak forests during the last 50 years. Historical data base for the analysis originated from the forestry records (especially Permanent Forest Inventory). Our attention was focused on reforestation with respect to tree species, tree species composition in young forest stands by age classes and relations between these forest characteristics. The next section of the paper describes new proposals for regulation of forest regeneration and reforestation with the aim to achieve desired tree species composition in all age classes, not only in accordance with natural conditions but also respecting human demands in the future.
Struktura a modelový vývoj lesních porostů v NPR Trčkov – CHKO Orlické Hory, Česká republika
Authors: Vacek Zdeněk , Vacek Stanislav , Remeš Jiří , Štefančík Igor , Bulušek Dan , Bílek Lukáš
Published: May 2015

The paper deals with the research of structure and dynamic development of stands in National Nature Reservation Trčkov, located in Protected Landscape Area Orlické Mts. (Czech Republic). The research was carried out in spruce-beech stand with admixed fir and sycamore maple. Two permanent research plots (PRP 1 and PRP 2), for each with area of 0.25 hectare were chosen as an object of our research. FieldMap technology was used for field measurement. Compared PRP were characterized by the same typological, soil, phytocenology and stand parameters, but different method of protection against game damage. Results showed that deer is considered to be limiting factor for successful development of natural regeneration of autochthonous tree species. The tree species proportion of natural regeneration occurred in PRP 1 with fencing was sufficient, contrary to PRP 2 (outside fencing) owing to site and stand conditions. The results of biometric measurements and predicted simulation by Sibyla growth simulator showed multi-layer stand structure and productive spruce-beech stands with interspersed fir and sycamore maple. We also found depleted phase of regeneration according to frequency and tree species proportion, as well as beginning of grow up stadium, especially related to fir and sycamore proportion and/or beech and spruce. It is concluded that growth visualization and simulation confirmed the hypothesis about long-term effect of game to species, spatial and age structure and development of concerned autochthonous population.
Oprášené spomienky a zopár nekonvenčných návrhov
Authors: Šály Rudolf
Published: May 2015

The paper, important particularly in terms of comparison of temporal analyses in forestry (in tens of years), is focused on:

- assessment of the soil degradation rate caused by coniferous monocultures (mainly spruce),

- issues of soil protection in relation to forest roads (sloping tracks),

- present ecological impacts of the environment (including physiological processes of tree species) on forest soil and with an emphasis on timber production on forest stands,

The author evaluates and presents proposals for assessment of all the issues with great scientific erudition.
SIGNS and MEANINGS: Pataphallics: Jarry’s Novels and Ityphallicism
Authors: Rabaté Jean-Michel
Published: May 2015

This article discusses Alfred Jarry as a precursor of French modernism. With a particular focus on Messaline, Roman de l’ancienne Rome (1901) and Le Surmâle, Roman moderne (1902), I analyse the subtle ways in which the past and the future are intertwined and Jarry’s philosophy of sexual excess. In both novels, the main characters seek a paroxysmal erotic pleasure from which they die after reaching world records in sex-making. Read together, the novels work to create a lemniscate, the symbol of infinity symbolically represented, in modernism, by the speeding bicycle. In both novels, sexual excess leads to a superhuman transformation of women and men into a rigid phallus, underlying which is the fantasy of bisexualism.
JACOB’s LADDER: Reason, Liberty and Science. The Contribution of Freemasonry to the Enlightenment
Authors: Calance Mădălina
Published: May 2015

The theme of the article relies to the particular contribution of Freemasonry in the initiation and development of modernity, focusing on science, religion and politics. We know that, during the late Middle Ages, the European society was obedient to the „Church-Tradition-Monarchy” trinity; this status-quo collapsed due to the rational way of thinking; also the establishment of the universal human rights belongs to the Enlightenment, whose theses were supported mainly by Freemasons. Many researchers have proposed to show the extent to which Freemasonry helped to build the ideals of Enlightenment. The main conclusions that can be drawn, by analyzing their tracks, are: (1) All famous leaders of the Enlightenment had connections to Freemasonry; (2) The Enlightenment tenets overlap Freemasonry tenets, and, therefore they were supported and propagated by English, French, and American lodges; (3) Freemasonry progressively turned into a transnational vehicle for liberal thinking, disseminating the concepts of property and freedom in Europe and across the Atlantic.
East Timor: A Historical Singularity
Authors: Thomaz Luís Filipe F. R.
Published: May 2015

During the 24 years of the Indonesian occupation of East Timor, to talk about its cultural individuality as a product of its history - focusing on what set it apart from Indonesia - was an act likely to raise suspicions of some kind of manipulation of history for political purposes. Naturally, the same suspicions could fall on anyone assuming an opposite view, that is a view that valued the connection uniting the two peoples and discarded what separated them. In this paper, we adhere more to the first perspective. Obviously, we are not driven by the desire to prove that East Timor had to be, a priori, independent; this is by no means the task of a historian. We are simply trying to explain, a posteriori, why, in the referendum of 30 August 1999, the people of East Timor voted overwhelmingly for independence
“You better not never tell nobody but God. It’d kill your mammy ”: The Violence of Language in Alice Walker’s The Color Purple
Authors: N’Guessan Kouadio Germain
Published: May 2015

Alice Walker’s The Color Purple dramatizes African American women’s plight through the experience of a black girl, Celie, caught in the turmoil of the patriarchal system of her community. Leaning on the epistolary form and also choosing to address the black woman’s oppression first within the black community itself, the author detaches herself from the mainstream African American literary tradition to create a personal style. One of the characteristic traits of the novel is language as a communicative tool in the characters’ interrelation. In the narrative, this tool is mostly used to oppress the female protagonists, demonstrating thus its violent aspect. But sometimes, even though very rarely in the novel, it helps the oppressed subject to claim a voice. Finally, the epistolary form serves to create more emotion in the readers and consequently produces more reaction in them.
Testing the Lexical Competence of German in Slovak-German and German(Austrian)-Czech/Slovak Adolescent Bilinguals
Authors: Pallay Jozef
Published: May 2015

The paper builds on our previous work in the field of bilingual education and/ or the process of natural bilingualisation of Slovak-German bilinguals in Slovak educational diasporas (educational islands) in Austria. Starting point of psycholinguistic testing based on classic American Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test ( PPVT -III in its revised and German version) presented in this paper is the thesis of initial lagging behind of linguistic (lexical, grammatical) competence level of language L2 of bilingual children from preschool age in relation to various sociolinguistic variables, which, however, with age may, under certain favourable conditions nearly equal competence of monolinguals and in the area of reception of language even exceed it. For testing the reception levels of German mental lexicon we used two approximately equally large groups of respondents in a bilingual secondary grammar school in Bratislava and Vienna. The hypothesis of our research was that bilingual Austrian-Czech/Slovak bilinguals from Austria would achieve significantly better results than the Slovak-German bilinguals from Slovakia. The test results, however, surprisingly disproved our hypothesis and want to contribute to the debate on setting minimum standards of language competence of bilinguals as well as on optimisation of conditions of bilingual or monolingual education of not only Slovaks abroad.
An Examination into the Impact of Sufism on Muslim Elites and the Development of Islam in Nigeria
Authors: Sulaiman Kamal-deen Olawale
Published: May 2015

Sufism is a living and dynamic esoteric institution in Islam, as demonstrated by the ever increasing number of its adherents, especially in Nigeria. This article therefore, examines the impact that the Sufimovement orders have made on the Muslims elites and the growth and spread of Islam in Nigeria. In doing so, the concept of Sufism, its place in Islam, and its impact in the world of Islam will be examined. The articles reveals that the Sufis play an important role in the propagation of Islam in Nigeria. Even today, the Sufiorders are still involved in the promotion of Islamic education and the propagation of Islam. This is so because, through the efficacy of prayers derived from it, Sufis were able to solve some personal problems of Muslims in Nigeria. The article concludes that the orders have led many of their members to acquire the necessary discipline before they can acquire deeper knowledge of the true existence of Allah and his relation to Him and the universe.
Susceptibility of cobalt and nickel based alloys for bioaplication to nonuniform forms of corrosion
Authors: Vystrčil J. , Fojt J. , Moravec H. , Joska L.
Published: May 2015

Streszczenie

Kobaltové a niklové slitiny jsou běžně používaným materiálem v zubním lékařství. Jedním z důvodů použití je snaha o nahrazení slitin drahých kovů, jejichž cena neustále vzrůstá. Slitiny navíc v porovnání se zlatem a jeho slitinami dosahují vyšších modulů pružnosti, což umožňuje zmenšení hmotnosti dentálních prací při zachování stejných pevnostních charakteristik. Práce byla zaměřena na studium korozního chování komerčně dostupných slitin niklu a kobaltu užívaných v bioaplikacích. Byla studována náchylnost k nerovnoměrným formám koroze a posouzen vliv mikrostruktury na charakter korozního napadení. Korozní chování slitin bylo hodnoceno v modelových tělních tekutinách s použitím elektrochemických technik. Materiály s výjimkou niklové slitiny s obsahem ceru vykazovaly dobrou korozní odolnost při potenciálech odpovídajících oxidačně redukčním potenciálům prostředí lidského organizmu. Výrazná korozní aktivita niklové slitiny s obsahem ceru byla dána přítomností neušlechtilé fáze bohaté na cer. Bylo prokázáno, že mikrostrukturní heterogenita studovaných materiálů má vliv na korozní chování.
Influence of zirconium (IV) cations on sealing quality of anodized aluminium
Authors: Zemanová M. , Bobok M. , Szelag P.
Published: May 2015

Streszczenie

Skúmala sa kvalita utesnenia na báze zirkoničitých iónov pre anodicky oxidovaný hliník. Zisťovali sa optimálne podmienky utesňovania, pričom sa skúmali parametre: teplota a čas utesňovania a čas starnutia pripravených utesnených povlakov. Skúmala sa morfológia a zloženie pripravených povlakov. Zistilo sa, že parameter významne ovplyvňujúci kvalitu utesnených povlakov anodického oxidu hlinitého je teplota utesňovania. Pripravené povlaky sa potenciodynamicky skúmali v roztoku chloridových iónov. Neutesnený povlak v úzkom intervale potenciálov sa pasivuje, naopak utesnený neprejavuje pasivačné správanie.
The importance of factor analysis in quantitative and qualitative X-ray diffraction phase analysis
Authors: Camara A. H.
Published: May 2015

In the statistical treatment of measured data, factor analysis is often necessary. The methods involved can be used individually to emphasize the basic common factors in the group of variables; the factors produced can be then utilized as input data for other data analysis methods. The number of variables required to describe the system may be lowered, because the original variables may be correlated and, possibly, there is a smaller set of linearly independent variables. Thus, factor analysis is among the possible methods for the data analysis, when dealing with quantitative analytical measurements. Factor analysis of the measured data was used to lower the amount of variables in the analysis of steel; it was found that 94.5 % of the overall variance in the data can be attributed to three factors. Three original variables were assigned to these factors, lowering the number of required variables.
The impact of inorganic compounds used for protection of wood on cellulose
Authors: Antušková V. , Kučerová I.
Published: May 2015

Inorganic compounds were often used to protect wood from wood-decaying fungi and insects (e.g. compounds of arsenic, copper, chromium, zinc or boron) or as a retarder of combustion (e.g. ammonium salts, boron compounds). However, their use may accelerate degradation processes, which may show up as worsening of mechanical properties. The study deals with the impact of selected inorganic compounds (sodium chloride, copper sulphate pentahydrate, boric acid and ammonium sulphate) on cellulose. The samples of cellulose impregnated with the said compounds were subject to artificial aging. The cellulose was monitored for weight changes, changes in colour, values of aqueous extract pH, an average polymerization grade, mechanical properties, elementary composition and the content of bound inorganic compounds. The study was meant to identify stability of the used inorganic compounds in the conditions of artificial aging. The results imply that copper sulphate pentahydrate and ammonium sulphate accelerated degradation of cellulose the most. The effect of boric acid lead to larger deterioration of specimens namely in the conditions of dry aging. Sodium chloride had a negligible impact on the course of degradation. Used compounds continue to be at least partly retained in the cellulose specimens even after rinsing.
Daguerrotype – the first ever practically used photographic technique Daguerrotype – the first ever practically used photographic technique
Authors: Švadlena J.
Published: May 2015

The study summarises the basic information on daguerreotype, the first ever practically used photographic process, which was used mainly in the period 1840 - 1860. Daguerrotype takes advantage of a photosensitive layer of silver halides on a silver layer to capture an image, it uses a reaction of silver with mercury vapours to develop the image. The production process via daguerreotype as described hasn’t changed since its deployment and stabilisation in the middle of 19th century. The properties of a daguerreotype image are given by its soft microstructure, which could have only been described after introduction of the electron microscopy. The susceptibility of daguerrotypes to damage and degradations stems not only from their low mechanical resistance but also from unsuitable conservation interventions and archiving conditions.
Adheze akrylátových laků k historickým kovovým materiálům / Adhesion of acrylate varnishes to historical metallic materials
Authors: Stoulil J. , Kopecká A. , Fišerová P.
Published: May 2015

Práce byla zaměřena na hodnocení dvou typů akrylátových laků (Paraloid B72 a B48N) z hlediska adheze k historickým kovovým materiálům. Třívrstvé povlaky byly hodnoceny pomocí odtrhového testu, scratch testu a T-bend testu. Část vzorků byla exponována 500 hodin v kondenzační komoře a následně znovu hodnocena pomocí odtrhového testu. Náchylnost rozhraní povlak/kov k hydrataci bylo ověřeno pomocí impedančních měření. Za suchých podmínek nebyl potvrzen předpoklad vyšší adheze laku B48N k podkladu než u laku B72. Lak B48N ale vykázal podstatně vyšší odolnost k hydrataci. Laky mají nejvyšší adhezi k oceli a olovu, naopak nejnižší k zinku, cínu a měděné patině.
Characteristics of water level fluctuations in Polish lakes – a review of the literature / Charakterystyka wahań poziomu wody w jeziorach polskich – przegląd piśmiennictwa
Authors: Kutyła Sebastian
Published: May 2015

Water level fluctuations (WLF) in lakes are a natural feature that can be modified by human activities. The article presents a review of literature on the water level fluctuation in Polish lakes, their amplitude, periodicity and trends. WLF controlled by natural conditions and also those induced by human activity were considered. Although anthropogenic water level fluctuations in most Polish lakes seem to fall within the range of natural fluctuations, in some cases economic activities (e.g. the use of lakes for energy generation purposes) can lead to strong disturbances of the hydrological regime, causing an ecological instability that makes it impossible to maintain/achieve good ecological status. This, in turn, makes it necessary to define good ecological potential, being an environmental objective for such water bodies, which is less rigorous compared with good ecological status. The article indicates the need to expand the methods for the assessment of lakes in the country with new biological indicators to assess, in accordance with the Water Framework Directive requirements, the impact of hydrological alterations on biota
Method for Reduction of Pesticide Residue Levels in Raspberry and Blackcurrant Based on Utilization of Ozone
Authors: Balawejder Maciej , Szpyrka Ewa , Antos Piotr , Józefczyk Radosław , Piechowicz Bartosz , Sadło Stanisław
Published: May 2015

The method for the reduction of pesticide residues in soft fruits based on utilization of ozone was proposed. The procedure allows for effective reduction of boscalid residues by 38% in raspberries, and about 58% thiram in blackcurrants. Furthermore, it can be used on an industrial scale.
Cultivar-Specific Variation in the Content of Nitrates (V) and (III) Depending on Potato Tuber Storage
Authors: Pobereżny Jarosław , Wszelaczyńska Elżbieta , Keutgen Anna J.
Published: May 2015

The order to monitor the chemical pollution of food, the dynamic development of ecology and specialisation in potato production as well as its large consumption caused the investigations about the influence of storage time and genetic conditions of potato on con-tents of nitrates (V) and (III) in tubers for different use purposes during 2009–2011.

In the present study, eight cultivars of potatoes with different use purposes and duration of vegetation time obtained from producer Norika Poland INC were used: ‘Albatros’, ‘Gala’, ‘Karatop’, ‘Kar-lena’, ‘Kiebitz’, ‘Lambada’, ‘Molli’ and ‘Pirol’.

The tubers of cultivars used for processing such as starch pro-duction (‘Albatros’) as well as chips and crisps (‘Karlena’) were characterised by the highest content of nitrates (V) and (III). After 6 months of storage, a significant decrease of nitrates (V) and (III) contents was observed, which from the point of view of the con-sumer should be considered as the beneficial effect. Regardless of cultivar, the depletion of nitrates (V) was in the mean of 4.7% and of nitrates (III) was about 4.4%. Regardless of the use purposes, the intake of 300 g of investigated potato tubers after harvest as well as after storage time does not exceed the recommended daily allowance for nitrates (V) and (III), where after the storage time this amount is even declining.
Soil Pollution with Copper, Lead and Zinc in the Surroundings of Large Copper Ore Tailings Impoundment
Authors: Musztyfaga Elżbieta , Kabała Cezary , Bielińska Agata Urszula , Cuske Mateusz , Gałka Bernard
Published: May 2015

Analysis of the top-soil total content of heavy metals was carried out inthe vicinity of large copper ore tailings pound in the south-western Poland with regard to soil properties, direction and distance from the tailings pound. None of the soils under study ex-ceeded the limits admitted in the official standards for soil quality, but the assessment made in accordance with IUNG-guidelines to soil contamination determination showed that more than half of the monitoring sites have elevated metal content, Cu, in par-ticular. The results confirmed high effectiveness of dust control preventing its eolian spread from the tailings pound.
Economic and Ecological Aspects of Municipal Waste Management
Authors: Gałwa-Widera Monika
Published: May 2015

The Act of 14 December 2012. Waste sets out measures to pro-tect the environment, human life and health, to prevent and re-duce the negative impact on the environment and human health resulting from the production and management of waste and limiting the overall impact of resource use and improving the ef-ficiency of such use. In this context, this study attempts to deter-mine the model method of preventing environmental pollution by harmful substances eluted from the municipal waste.

This paper presents the research target of which were commercial landfill Sobuczynie, which was analysed by looking at contempo-rary legal requirements specifically set out in the Regulation of the Minister of the Environment regarding the location, construction and operation of landfills and the scope, duration and frequency, as well as the manner and conditions under which monitoring of landfills and illegal landfill in White and impact of uncontrolled spread of pollution on the environment within the “landfill”.
Integrating the Anaerobic Process with Ultrafiltration in Meat Industry Wastewater Treatment
Authors: Kwarciak-Kozłowska Anna , Krzywicka Aleksandra , Sławik-Dembiczak Lucyna
Published: May 2015

The aim of this paper was to study meat industry wastewater treatment efficiency during fermentation process in ASBR reactor and post-treatment in UF process. The anaerobic process obtained a considerable degree of the removal of organic pollutants from raw wastewater designated as COD (73.3%), BOD (71.4%) and TOC (83.2%). The concentrations of COD and BOD were 435 and 443 mg/dm3, respectively. The value of TOC reached a level of 136 mg/dm3. Generated biogas in the methane fermentation process of wastewater from meat industry plants was characterized by high methane content (80.9% vol.). In the final part of the experiment, the UF process was used in order to post-treating effluent from ASBR reactor. During the UF process, COD, BOD and TOC parameters were removed at 67.2%, 68% and 70.4%, respectively.
The Content of Copper in Soils of Allotment Gardens in Zielona Góra, Poland
Authors: Walczak Barbara
Published: May 2015

In this paper, the total and phytoavailable form of copper in allotment garden in Zielona Góra are presented. Soil samples were collected from eight places in the allotments gardens and two samples from outside in the neighbourhood. The total content of copper varied from 2.58 to 16.23 mg · kg-1. The form of copper potentially avail-able for plants varied from 0.2 to 3.85 mg · kg-1. The total content of copper meets the requirements of Directive by the Minister of Agriculture and Rural Development of the 21st March 2002 on the acceptable content of heavy metals in soils and Directive by the Minister of the Environment of the 9th September 2002 on the standards of soil quality and the standards of land quality
Historical Fiction as a Mixture of History and Romance: Towards the Genre Definition of the Historical Novel
Authors: Nagy Ladislav
Published: May 2015

This article focuses on Walter Scott’s Waverley and its classification as the founding text of the historical novel by Georg Lukacs. The author attempts to show that Lukacs takes Scott too much at his word and posits Waverley in the tradition of the English historical novel as it developed from Defoe and Fielding, while neglecting the close ties that Waverley has with marginalized genres such as romance. The author also argues that rather than being an expression of class consciousness, Waverley is an attempt to justify a certain change in political attitude, from radicalism to conservatism
A Cross-Departmental Approach to Supporting Students with a Disability Affecting Foreign Language Acquisition
Authors: Lys Franziska , May Alison , Ravid Jeanne
Published: May 2015

In order to enhance mobility, competitiveness, and opportunities for work, the European Union lists the ability to communicate in a foreign language and to understand another culture as an important objective in their language education policy. Knowledge of a foreign language is also an important objective for many American universities, which require students to study a foreign language as a prerequisite to graduate. Students with documented disabilities affecting the learning of a foreign language or students with poor foreign language learning skills, therefore, pose a significant challenge, since a foreign language requirement may prevent such students from graduating unless universities are willing to make special arrangements such as having students graduate without fulfilling the requirement or letting them take substitution classes. The question of what to do with such students is at the heart of this article. It describes how one mid-sized private university with a two-year language proficiency requirement has approached the problem to ensure that policies are implemented fairly. Rather than pulling students out of the foreign language classroom, the university succeeded in keeping students engaged with foreign language study through advising and mentoring across departments
The Problem of Kingship in Shakespeare’S History Plays
Authors: Dumitrašković Tatjana
Published: May 2015

Elizabethan England was a state of repression and Shakespeare could not write his plays freely and he could not oppose Elizabeth and her government openly. So he had to use allegory and every one of his plays is an act of rebellion. This paper deals with Shakespeare’s history plays which are symbols of resistance to the rule of force and war politics, and that message is implicit in the way of presenting kings.
Failed Mothers, Monster Sons. Reading Shakespeare’S Richard Iii as a Fairy Tale
Authors: Percec Dana
Published: May 2015

The paper looks at Shakespeare’s historical play Richard III and its fairy tale-like character given by the configuration of the main character as an arch-villain and the presence of motifs and patterns typically associated with the fairy tale genre. More specifically, it considers the mother-son relationship between the Duchess of York and Richard in the light of the motif of monstrous birth. It is not a coincidence that the emergence of such motifs coincides with the historical contexts of the early modern period. Reading Richard III in this key is related to the revisionist approach to chronicle plays.
The Falklands War and the British Stage
Authors: Radu Adrian
Published: May 2015

The paper examines the way the Falklands War of 1982 was reflected in the creation of British playwrights. Officially, the war was seen as a heroic act, as another glorious page in the book of British history. But for many writers it contained nothing heroic; it was just noisy brandishing of weapons and useless loss of human lives.
Citizens’ Consultations – Public Spaces of Argument Evaluation? A View from Critical Discourse Analysis
Authors: Mădroane Irina Diana
Published: May 2015

The article applies a recently developed framework for the reconstruction and evaluation of arguments based on practical reasoning (Fairclough and Fairclough 2012) to the analysis of a public consultation session organised by the Romanian Ministry of Environment and Forests in 2011, which made partial use of digital media. The session is concerned with the Environmental Impact Assessment report in a case of public notoriety in post-communist Romania: the goldmining project at Roșia Montană. The findings indicate that the critical questioning by the public is aimed at rebutting the corporation’s main claim and proposed course of action, but its final outcome is conditioned by the institutional context and the steps that follow the consultation session.
Words Used in The Classroom. A Contrastive Lexical Analysis of Two Instances of Oral Discourse
Authors: Mureşan Valentina Carina
Published: May 2015

The paper looks at the oral exchanges between two teachers and their B2-C1 level students (Common European Framework of Reference) in a particular EFL classroom, from the perspective of the Cambridge examinations assessment standard for the category of “lexical resource”. Since teachers are the role models in terms of language production in the classroom, this research focused on revealing lexical features which characterise the classroom discourse of two teachers of English and the impact this exposure has on their students’ lexical production. This research is part of my doctoral research, which is a multifaceted analysis of authentic oral classroom exchanges in order to determine patterns and practices at the level of developing speaking skills in the EFL context.
The graphic method of sizing pipe reservoir for short, high-intensity rainfalls
Authors: Szeląg Bartosz , Kiczko Adam
Published: May 2015

The graphic method of sizing pipe reservoir for short, high-intensity rainfalls. The sizing of a storage reservoir, in order to reduce maximum water discharges in stormwater drainage systems, is one of the major topics in the civil engineering. In this article a methodology that allows identifying an optimal capacity of a pipe reservoir is proposed. Applying a simplifi ed water fl ow model it was possible to bind various reservoir’s parameters (a reservoir diameter, a diameter of an outflow orifice and an outflow coefficient) with an inflow hydrograph (a peak fl ow, a time of rising, a hydrograph fineness, a maximum discharge and a total volume). On the basis of functional relationships the nomographs were elaborated, allowing determining a desirable size of the reservoir, in a sense of a required peak reduction. The usage of the proposed methodology is presented with a simple example.
AN INDIVIDUAL IN UNDERSTANDING SOUNDING SPACE OF OBJECTIVE REALITY: EXPERIENCE OF SOCIAL AND PHILOSOPHICAL ANALYSIS
Authors: Sherbakova Anna I.
Published: May 2015

The article covers the problem of comprehension of music as a sounding space of Genesis, the phenomenon comprising a spiritual meanings and values accumulated by mankind in the process of its formation and development. The author refers to the social-philosophical analysis of this phenomenon, offers a comprehensive methodology, which allows revealing its contents and mechanisms of influence on the processes in the space of culture
Republic of Moldova: Diaspora and Diaspora Policy
Authors: Mosneaga Valeriu
Published: May 2015

Republic of Moldova: Diaspora and Diaspora policy. In this article the Moldovan Diaspora and Moldova’s policy regarding Diasporas phenomena are researched. The historical and the contemporary contexts of formation of Moldovan Diasporas are revealed. The roles of Moldovan citizens’ labor migration, as well as the formation of Moldovan communities and Diasporas abroad are analyzed. The main directions of Moldova’s Diaspora policy are shown: visa free regime and readmission; mobility and circular migration; juridical and social protection of Moldovan migrants abroad; the return and reintegration of Moldovan labor migrants into their homeland’s society. The role of state bodies in the development and implementation of migration policies on a national level is analyzed; the institutional changes and role of the Bureau for the Relations with Diaspora in the coordination of Moldovan state structures’ activity towards working with the Moldovan Diaspora is demonstrated. The role of non-state actors (migrant associations, Diaspora congresses, the church, trade unions, and other) in maintaining of language, culture, traditions, Moldovan identity, in the social and economical development, and Moldova’s cooperation with the accepting country are revealed. The state’s activity in protecting and respecting the political, socioeconomical, and cultural rights of Moldovan emigrants is characterized
Indices of tree competition in dense spruces stand originated from natural regeneration
Authors: Šebeň Vladimír , Bošeľa Michal , Konôpka Bohdan , Pajtí Jozef
Published: May 2015

This paper aims to quantify relationships between the biometric parameters of young, 15-year old spruce stands at the Experimental Site Vrchslatina. In 2011, 40 spruce trees were selected to cover four classes of bio-sociological status (dominant, co-dominant, sub-dominant, and suppressed - 10 individuals each). The trees were measured for their height increments (by recording the distances between the successive whorls) and the increments of lateral branches at all whorls. The sample trees were then cut down and discs were taken from the stem base. In the laboratory, the discs were measured for the annual ring widths using WinDendro software. We focused on detailed analyses of the relationship between the bio-sociological status of the trees on the radial and height increments. Minor differences were found in the increments in the newest lateral whorls. The ratio between height increments and lateral branch increments was found to be higher in dominant trees (height increments is two times higher than the increments on the lateral branches). Conversely, the smallest ratio was found in suppressed trees (the ratio was around 1). The ratio between tree height and diameter at the stem base, as well as the ratio between height and radial increments, was the smallest for dominant and the highest for suppressed trees. Hence, relationships between height and diameter increments (both annual and cumulative) proved to reflect competition intensity among trees.
The Research Site Vrchslatina – an experimental design and the main aims
Authors: Konôpka Bohdan , Pajtík Jozef , Šebeň Vladimír , Bošeľa Michal , Máliš František , Priwitzer Tibor , Pavlenda Pavel
Published: May 2015

The research site “Vrchslatina” was established in the spring of 2009 with the aim of studying production processes and the structure of net primary productivity in young forest stands. The beech and spruce stands grown at the site were selected because they originated from natural regeneration and are nearly of the same age. In 2009, we established 5 research plots in each stand with the aim of measuring basic tree characteristics. Moreover, we excavated entire trees to construct allometric relations for the specific tree compartments. In the consecutive years (2010, 2011 and 2012), we also included grass communities dominated by Calamagrostis epigejos in our studies. Besides studying production processes of all tree compartments (i.e. for trees: foliages, branches, stem, coarse and fine roots, for grasses and herbs: below- and above-ground parts), we monitored several atmospheric characteristics, followed by soil characteristics and eventually added a measurement of soil respiration. The results indicated that forest stands (even though they were in their initial growth stages) sequestrated much more carbon than the grass communities. Moreover, we proved the considerable influence of climatic conditions (especially the sum of precipitation) in the particular years for net primary productivity.
The Eyes of the Fourth Person Singular
Authors: Bradley Joff
Published: May 2015

By tracing the genealogy of Lawrence Ferlinghetti's outlandish notion of the fourth person singular and its appropriation in The Logic of Sense, several keys concepts in Deleuze's thought such as the nonpersonal and pre-individual subjectivity can be rendered clearer to the understanding. While there is poetic licence in the use of the term by Ferlinghetti, the fourth person singular is heuristic for exploring the notion of free indirect speech and, more speculatively, the ideas of impersonal death and suicide. The fourth person singular is thus a trope that sheds light on the ideas of humour, irony, lightness and becoming ‘without a verb’ in Deleuze's thought. Under close scrutiny is what Ferlinghetti designates as the ‘cool’ eyes of the fourth person singular. We shall work to differentiate these from so-called mad, Dada-esque ‘unblinking’ eyes. We shall ask how the poet in ‘obscenely seeing’ the impossible possibility of life can envision – perspicaciously – the immanent sense of death-in-life. From what standpoint does the poet gain access to the real? To consider this fully it is necessary to follow the Deleuzian interpretation of singularities as true transcendental events so as to clarify what gives life a ‘non-personal power, above individuals’ ( Deleuze and Parnet 2007 : 6).