bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Less Human Intervention (Automated) Waste Management System Using IoT for Next Gen Urbanization
Authors: Margret M. Kavitha , Vijayanandh D.
Published: July 2019

Next generation waste management in urbanization is the real and unpredictable challenge in the modern era. Government of modern city will face big challenges in handling and decomposing of waste. Suggestions were given by the researchers about handling of waste management with IoT-enabled devices. Smart bins were introduced that will focus on the capacity and type of the waste collected from different stakeholders, industries, and citizens. Smart bins were monitored by the municipality periodically. Government will focus on less human interventional (automated) waste management system that will lead to happy living of citizens in the nation. Due to tremendous growth of industry in cities, people migrated from village to cities. Handling this population and cleanliness of city is a very big focus of the government. Authors propose less human interventional (automated) waste management system for the next generation urbanization using smart IoT-enabled devices. Authors propose standard architecture model for tracking of smart bins in various region using self-efficient organization of wireless sensor networks (WSN) and grouping of those sensors in case of any malfunctioning or damage of sensors. Handling of large volume of data, cost of the underlying network topology, merging of devices, and speed of the data connectivity are focused to reduce human interventional waste management system that will organize the sensor group wisely. With the above architecture, the dream of smart city will come true in the future.
The Influence of Teacher Talk in English Grammar Acquisition
Authors: Alkhazraji Asmaa Muwafaq
Published: July 2019

This chapter reviews studies related to the teacher talk through grammar instruction that occurs naturally with learners. It attempts to portray the impact of teacher talk in English grammar acquisition. It focuses on the manner learners acquire grammar verbally from their teachers' conversation. Teacher talk is the crux of grammar instruction, and the manner teachers handle it in their classroom is the main purpose of this chapter. This chapter also highlights the role of techniques, strategies, and procedures used during teacher talk in the learning process. It contributes to improving the grammatical rules acquisition through the post-method pedagogy. The conversation analysis method was used for the transcription and analysis of the data. Consequently, this chapter focuses on the issues related to grammar, grammar instruction, techniques, and strategies used in teacher talk through grammar explanation. This was done with reference to the interaction procedures used by the teacher to improve and extend the learning space.
Mobilizing Departments of English for the Post-Method Paradigm
Authors: Wilmot Ann-Marie
Published: July 2019

This chapter makes the claim that English Language Heads of Departments are best suited to lead transition efforts from a traditional to a post-method pedagogy Department of English. It claims that though they are lacking some requisite competencies, skills, and disposition to do so successfully, special training preparation to undertake this mobilization could have a positive impact. It gives a brief overview of the dynamics of HODs' operational context and illustrates why these heads are best suited to influence their department members' embrace of the post-method paradigm. Additionally, it will also discuss some of the challenges that these department heads could encounter during the transition period and ways to resolve them. Finally, it will recommend a theoretical training framework of support to bridge the gap of skills, competencies, and dispositions to make them more suited to aid transition to post-method departments.
Detrimental Impact of Plastic Outcome on Agriculture
Authors: Singh Shivom , Dixit Prachi , Rathore Kajal S. , Sharma Neha
Published: July 2019

Generally, plastic is made up of non-biodegradable chemicals i.e. polyolefin, polyester, and polyurethanes. This is hardly surprising since the use of polythene bags has infiltrated all sectors of economy, agriculture, consumer goods, and especially in packaging, where polythene is increasingly replacing jute, paper, wood, and glass. Polythene bags can release harmful chemicals into the surrounding agricultural soil, which can then seep into ground water or other surrounding water sources. This can cause serious harm to the species that drink this water. Unlike natural organic material they do not disintegrate with time but keep accumulating in the environment. So it is very difficult to dispose of the polythene bags. If the polythene bags burned in agriculture land, they release harmful chemicals like Cd, Pb, CO, NOX and SO2, which causes many diseases in animals as well as in human beings. The accumulation of polythene bags also makes agricultural soil sterile/barren as it stops the gaseous exchange. In normal agricultural land, the concentration of oxygen is 3 ppm. Where polythene is present, the concentration of oxygen in soil decreases to 0.001 ppm. In addition, the polythene pollution can adversely affect agricultural lands, waterways, and oceans.
Historical Perspective of Bisphenol A and Phthalates in the Environment and Their Health Effects
Authors: Bhat Rayees Ahmad , Kumar D. , Bhat Sajood Maqbool , Sofi Irfan Rashid
Published: July 2019

Plastics are widely used in modern life, and their unbound chemicals Bisphenol A and Phthalates, which are important chemical-building blocks, can leach out into the surrounding environment. They are also ubiquitous contaminants in the human body, wildlife, and the environment. BPA and PAEs have recently attracted the special attention of the scientific community, regulatory agencies, and the general public because of their high-production volume, widespread use of plastics, and endocrine-disrupting effects.
Quality Strategies for Customer Loyalty in an E-Service Environment
Authors: Vasudeva Savdeep
Published: July 2019

This chapter focuses on the issue of quality strategies for attaining customer loyalty in an e-service environment. It takes into consideration the key relationship between e-service quality and customer loyalty. A case of mobile banking service acted as the basis for the formulation of quality strategies for customer retention. This study was conducted by a survey with a sample size of 524 mobile banking users in the state of Punjab in India. The survey instrument utilized the E-S-QUAL, E-RecS-QUAL, and loyalty scales proposed in the earlier research studies. Furthermore, the data generated was analyzed by using the statistical multiple regression. Findings of this chapter give important implications to the delivery of e-service for mobile banking. It could help service providers to gain proper insights into the issue of managing the customers in a virtual environment.
A Literature Survey on Risk Assessment for Unix Operating System
Authors: Pradhan Padma Lochan
Published: July 2019

This proposed literature survey provides basic data regarding the first step of risk identification and analysis to achieve a secured infrastructure. The demand and risk are two parts of the same coin. The demand is directly proportional to the risk, but preventive control is inversely proportional to risk. The necessity of preventive control in any organization has increased because of the changes in logic, structure, and the type of technology applied to services that generate risks. Finally, the business increases along with technology, which creates risks and spreads over its infrastructure. We have to focus on protecting, detecting, correcting, verifying and validating the Unix file system. This survey article proposes and resolves the Unix file system by applying a hardening, re-configuration and access control mechanism up to the highest level of preventive control.
Understanding Teachers' Knowledge and Perceptions on Writing Through a Self-Regulated Strategy Development (SRSD) Professional Development Opportunity
Authors: Iwai Yuko , Rogers Leslie , McKeown Debra , Brindle Mary
Published: July 2019

Teachers must be equipped with the skills necessary to effectively deliver quality instruction, especially when implementing an evidence-based practice. Delivering these practices with high levels of fidelity requires knowledge that goes beyond what is learned in initial teacher preparation programs, often requiring ongoing and targeted professional development. In the current study, 19 teachers and instructional personnel attended and completed a professional development opportunity to learn how to use the Self-Regulated Strategy Development (SRSD) model, an evidence-based practice, when teaching writing. Pre- and post-professional development surveys were completed and analyzed to evaluate whether meaningful outcomes occurred. Results indicated that the professional development caused participants to re-conceptualize their knowledge and perceptions of quality writing and quality writing instruction and to explicitly share intentions to implement SRSD writing instruction in their classrooms. Results will be shared and implications for future research discussed.
BET Bromodomain Inhibition Suppresses Human T Cell Function
Authors: Georgiev Peter , Wang Yun , Muise Eric S , Bandi Madhavi L , Blumenschein Wendy , Sathe Manjiri , Pinheiro Elaine M , Shumway Stuart D
Published: July 2019

Bromodomain and extraterminal domain (BET) proteins help direct the differentiation of helper T cell subsets, but their role in activated T cell function has not been described in detail. In this study, we investigate various consequences of epigenetic perturbation in human T lymphocytes using MK-8628, a potent and highly selective inhibitor of BET proteins. MK-8628 reduces the expression of canonical transcripts directing the proliferation, activation, and effector function of T lymphocytes. Treatment with MK-8628 abolishes the expression of key cyclins required for cell cycle progression and induces G1 cell cycle arrest in TCR-activated lymphocytes. This antiproliferative phenotype partially results from T lymphocyte apoptosis, which is exacerbated by MK-8628. In naive and memory T cell subsets, MK-8628 antagonizes T cell activation and suppresses polyfunctional cytokine production. Collectively, our results describe potent immunosuppressive effects of BET inhibition on human T cell biology. These results have important implications for immune modulatory targeting of BET proteins in the settings of T cell–driven autoimmune inflammation.
Lessons learnt on implementing project management in a functionally-only structured South African municipality
Authors: Brown C. J. , Botha M. C.
Published: July 2019

This paper reports on the most important lessons learnt from the implementation of project management in a South African district municipality. These lessons demonstrate how difficult it is to gain acceptance of project management in an organisation; more specifically when it has no previous exposure to integrative cross-functional structures and work methods. The paper aims to create awareness that organisations should not jump into project management precariously, but with a well developed project plan. This is done through the discussions of a dozen problematic situations that surfaced during the case, as well as the corrective actions that were taken. Some of these problems were indeed confirmations of the implementation team’s research during the preparatory phase of the implementation project. Although the implementation of project management was found to be not well researched, such research is highlighted were applicable. These problematic situations varied widely. The most important ones to address included inter alia, that the implementation should be a project in own right, a need for firm top management commitment, a strong resistance to change that was encountered, having to deal with the challenges to the de facto organisational culture, structure and systems, the need to establish security for clear career paths in project management, and the necessity for a sound and supportive change management process.
Strategic architecture as a concept towards explaining the variation in performance of networked era firms
Authors: Mansfield G. M. , Fourie L. C.H. , Gevers W. R.
Published: July 2019

In a previous article the authors suggested for networked era firms that latent performance benefits could be found at the confluence of strategy and business models. They argued that the internet and its open standards created an environment making new demands on business that transcend traditional boundaries and call for new patterns of management behaviour.Using these concepts as a starting point, this article develops a construct, strategic architecture, posited as a fundamental, pervasive business phenomenon characterising successful ventures.Finding strategic intent underpinning strategy and value-creation driving business models, the additional dimensions of dynamic pliancy and harmony are developed. The article concludes with a synopsis of the other literature-based dimensions of the strategic architecture construct which are posited as futurity, customer centricity, market exploitability, economic innovativeness, interjacency, digital spontaneity and scalability, knowledge management, innovative aggressiveness and equivocality.
Performance, persistence and benchmarks of selected South African unit trusts for the period 1998-2002
Authors: Oldham G. , Kroeger J. A.
Published: July 2019

Fund managers in the South African unit trust industry have an objective of generating strong alpha returns, meaning average annual returns above the respective benchmark. This paper analyses the performance of twenty South African unit trusts, selected from various sectors over the 1998 – 2002 period. In all cases the benchmark used by the funds is the Johannesburg Stock Exchange All Share Index. The well-known Capital Asset Pricing Model and a three-factor Arbitrage Pricing Theory model are used in the analysis. The result shows that only four funds of the twenty analysed were able to generate a superior performance in one or more years of the five-year period. Individual unit trusts were unable to perform consistently for any length of time. The failure of the funds to meet their objective is further analysed in terms of the appropriateness of the JSE All Share Index as the benchmark. In some cases the index was not an appropriate benchmark to measure persistence in performance and sector indices were preferable. In a cross-sectional portfolio analysis there was evidence of overall persistence in performance but this was of short duration, related more to negative than positive persistence in performance. Overall, the results of the analysis do not produce convincing evidence that unit trust fund managers were able to generate consistent above average returns to their investors. Furthermore, it may be preferable from an investor’s viewpoint if fund managers were to target an absolute rather than a relative benchmark.
A retrospective case series of 12 patients with chronic reactive arthritis with emphasis on treatment outcome with biologics
Authors: Gupta Vishal , Mohta Pratik , Sharma Vinod Kumar , Khanna Neena
Published: July 2019

Background:

Patients with reactive arthritis frequently present to dermatologists. However, there is paucity of information regarding its clinical aspects and management in dermatological literature.

Objective:

To review the clinical features and management of patients with chronic reactive arthritis admitted to the dermatology department of a teaching hospital.

Methods:

This was a retrospective analysis of patients with reactive arthritis admitted to the Department of Dermatology and Venereology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India from January 2016 to February 2018.

Results:

There were 12 males (disease duration 9–180 months). Biologics were used in 9 (75%) patients on 16 different occasions, the most frequent being infliximab (n = 10 times), followed by adalimumab (n = 3), etanercept, secukinumab and itolizumab (n = 1 each), in combination with other systemic agents. Response rate with treatment regimens including biologics (69% responders, 31% partial responders) was statistically significantly better than those without biologics (27% responders, 46% partial responders, 27% nonresponders; P = 0.036), using a composite measure assessing improvement in skin and joint symptoms. Biologics were discontinued on 50% of the occasions, after a median of 3.5 months (range 1.5–7.5 months) because of satisfactory response (n = 4), therapeutic fatigue (n = 3) or adverse event (n = 1). After biologic discontinuation, the response was sustained for a median of 5 months (range 3–6 months) before disease exacerbation. The number of treatment switches increased with the follow-up duration (median three switches per patient, range 1–8). The median follow-up duration was 10.5 months (range 4–76 months).

Conclusion:

Biologics produce rapid improvement in skin and joint symptoms in chronic reactive arthritis, but the response is not long-lasting. Patients with chronic reactive arthritis have a waxing and waning course despite regular treatment.

Limitations:

The limitations are retrospective design, small sample size and lack of a validated outcome measure.
Changes in physicochemical and toxicological parameters of waters of Trincheira's River caused by road construction
Authors: Restrepo Juan Camilo Pires Salcedo , Antonelo Danieli Iara , Pokrywiecki Ticiane Sauer , Tonial Ivane Benedetti , Manosso Fernando César , Almeida Igor Vivian de , Vicentini Veronica Elisa Pimenta , Düsman Elisângela
Published: July 2019

Road infrastructures can greatly affect natural areas. A trench and a roundabout were constructed in the city of Francisco Beltrão-Paraná-Brazil over a water body called Trincheira's River. The present study evaluated the quality of the waters of Trincheira’s River, in physicochemical and toxicological terms, at four points along its course, during and after the trench and the roundabout construction. The results of the physicochemical analysis showed changes in some parameters analyzed near the road infrastructure, in particular, oils and greases, biochemical oxygen demand and dissolved oxygen. The immobility/mortality test with Artemia salina L. micro shellfish showed that none of the water at the collection points of the river was toxic. The cytotoxicity test with the bioindicator Allium cepa L. revealed no cytotoxic effect in the sample collection done during the road construction. However, after the finalization of the trench and the roundabout construction, a statistically significant increase in the percentage of the mitotic index at the road construction point was noticed. Therefore, awareness and regulatory measures are necessary to oversee activities on water bodies’ shores and environs, to ensure a harmonious relationship between human activity and the ecosystem.
Novel adsorption model of filtration process in polycarbonate track-etched membrane: Comparative study
Authors: Adda Asma , Hanini Salah , Abbas Mohamed , Sediri Meriem
Published: July 2019

Current assumptions are used in the formulation of pseudo-first (PFO) and second-order (PSO) models to describe the kinetic data of filtration based on ideal operating conditions. This paper presents a new model developed with pseudo nth order and based on real assumption. A comparison was performed between PFO, PSO and the new model to highlight their performance and the optimisation of the pseudo-order equation, using MATLAB software. Adsorption characteristic of bovine serum albumin adsorption on the track-etched membrane are used as a medium based on protein filtration data were extracted from the literature for different concentrations to demonstrate the comparison between PFO/PSO and the new model. The pseudo first and second-order kinetic models were applied to test the experimental data and they did not provide reasonable values. The results show that the predicted values are consistent with experimental values giving a good correlation coefficient R2 = 0.997 and a minimum root mean squared error RMSE = 0.0171. Indeed, the experimental results follow the new model and the optimal pseudo equation order n = 1.115, the most suitable curves for the new model. As a result, we used different experimental adsorption data from the literature to examine and check the applicability and validity of the model.
Technical Aspects of Addressing Multiligament Knee Instability
Authors: Dekker Travis J , Guerrero Evan M
Published: July 2019

Multiligament Knee Injuries (MLKI) are rare but devastating injuries that require both acute and chronic management. These injuries necessitate operative management with individual patient factors dictating management in an acute (<6 weeks) versus chronic (>6 weeks) time frame. Anterior cruciate ligament, posterior cruciate ligament and posterolateral corner reconstruction remains the gold standard for operative management while most medial collateral ligament injuries can be managed non-operatively. Graft fixation sequence is essential in re-tensioning the soft tissues to allow for a functional and balanced knee post-operatively- the PCL is first fixed in flexion, followed by the ACL in extension, and then lastly, the PLC and MCL are addressed as needed. This review paper highlights technical considerations demonstrated in two case reports to include timing of surgery, graft selection and sequence of graft fixation.

Dekker TJ, Kildow BJ, Guerrero EM, Moorman CT III. Technical Aspects of Addressing Multiligament Knee Instability. The Duke Orthop J 2016;6(1):47-53.
Microbiological Profile in Endodontic-periodontal Lesion
Authors: Nainar Deepavalli Arumuga , Alamelu Swarna , KV Arun
Published: July 2019

Endodontic-periodontal lesion is a clinical manifestation of the pathologic intercommunication between pulpal and periodontal tissues. In general, these lesions are multifaceted in nature and can have a varied pathogenesis. Fundamental to our understanding of the pulpoperiodontal lesions is the key role of the pathogenic ecosystem that exists within this complex structure. Evidence suggests that there exists a wide range of microbial species in the periapical and periodontal tissues and that their concurrent pathogenesis is constantly linked to the bacterial interrelations between the two tissue types. Understanding the microbial involvement is of utmost significance as it offers a rationale for differential diagnosis and subsequent management of such lesions. This review has attempted to provide a basic insight on the microbiome or the microbial flora entailed in the bidirectional pathogenesis of endodontic-periodontal lesions.

How to cite this article

Rajasekaran M, Nainar DA, Alamelu S, KV Arun. Microbiological Profile in Endodontic-periodontal Lesion. J Oper Dent Endod 2016;1(1):25-29.
Nasolabial Flap in the Management of Oral Submucous Fibrosis
Authors: Jamdade Vaishali , LNU Amit
Published: July 2019

Oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF) is a premalignant condition associated with restricted mouth opening. Oral submucous fibrosis is poorly understood and unsatisfactorily treated disease. Serious complication is the risk of development of oral carcinoma. Different treatment modalities like medical, surgical, physical therapy or combination are used to improve the condition of the patient. Surgical treatment is usually indicated in late and irreversible stage of the disease. Successful use of nasolabial flap in the management of OSMF is presented.

How to cite this article

Jamdade V, Sharma S, Chitlangia P, Amit. Nasolabial Flap in the Management of Oral Submucous Fibrosis. J Mahatma Gandhi Univ Med Sci Tech 2016;1(1):27-29.
Hemisection: A Savior for Hopeless Teeth
Authors: Mittal Prachi , LNU Amit, , Mehta Purav , Khurana Deeksha
Published: July 2019

Hemisection refers to the sectioning of a molar tooth with the removal of unrestorable root (along with the crown part) which maybe affected by periodontal, endodontic, structural (cracked roots), or caries. The treatment strategy involves a combined periodontal, endodontic and prosthodontic assessment and evaluation because in hemisection, like any other treatment, appropriate case selection is the most important factor determining the long-term success.

How to cite this article

Mittal P, Prasad AB, Raisingani D, Amit, Mehta P, Soni D, Khurana D. Hemisection: A Savior for Hopeless Teeth. J Mahatma Gandhi Univ Med Sci Tech 2016;1(1):30-34.
Extranodal Large B-Cell Type Aggressive Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma
Authors: Gupta Sonal , Gumber Parvind
Published: July 2019

Non-Hodgkin's lymphomas belongs to a group of neoplasm, originate from the cells of lymphoreticular system that shows diversity in manner of presentation, response to therapy and prognosis. Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma accounts for 80—90% of all lymphomas. Though primary intraoral lesion in non- Hodgkin's lymphoma are uncommon, it is important to be aware of them since intraoral manifestation are presenting symptom in these patients. A 72-year-old Indian male presented with complaint of asymptomatic swelling in the left side of face since one and half months. A careful clinical evaluation supported by radiologic, histopathologic and immunohistochemical investigations will help in identifying the disease at an early stage, which will result in better prognosis.

How to cite this article

Gupta S, Gumber P. Extranodal Large B-Cell Type Aggressive Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma. J Mahatma Gandhi Univ Med Sci Tech 2016;1(2):71-74.
Acute Dissection of the Ascending Aorta: A Case Report and Topic Review
Authors: Chishti MA , Rawat Vivek , Nagarwal P
Published: July 2019

Aortic dissection (AD) is a rare entity with an incidence estimated to be 5 to 30 cases per million people per year1 (The Gale Encyclopedia of Medicine, 3rd ed.). It has association with hypertension, connective tissue disorders, congenital aortic stenosis, and bicuspid aortic valve. Spontaneous dissections are rare. It has a high mortality rate when left untreated. Recent advances in imaging have allowed for early and accurate diagnosis of acute aortic syndromes and the options for management are expanding. This case report and review presents the case of a 20-year-old man with Marfan's syndrome with acute type I AD who underwent emergency Bentall's procedure.

How to cite this article

Chishti MA, Rawat V, Nagarwal P. Acute Dissection of the Ascending Aorta: A Case Report and Topic Review. J Mahatma Gandhi Univ Med Sci Tech 2017;2(1):31-34.
Management of an Impacted Dilacerated Permanent Maxillary Central Incisor
Authors: Goenka Puneet , Agarwal Swati , Lakshmi Vijay , Chaturvedi Yogita , Nirwan Mitakshara
Published: July 2019

The impacted maxillary incisor is rare and detrimental for problems related to esthetics and occlusion in permanent dentition stage. The diagnosis of an impacted incisor with dilaceration refers to a dental deformity characterized by an angulation between the crown and the root, causing noneruption of the incisor. The most common cause of dilaceration in a tooth is trauma to its primary predecessor like avulsions, intrusions, or gross displacement of primary incisors. This study presents a case with overretained mobile deciduous teeth that were diagnosed radiographically with an impacted dilacerated maxillary central incisor surrounded by a large radiolucency. History of trauma to the same region was given at the age of 1 year. On examination, multiple missing permanent teeth were noted. The management of the case was carried out by surgical enucleation and histopathologic examination confirmed diagnosis of an infected dentigerous cyst.

How to cite this article

Agarwal S, Goenka P, Lakshmi V, Chaturvedi Y, Nirwan M. Management of an Impacted Dilacerated Permanent Maxillary Central Incisor. J Mahatma Gandhi Univ Med Sci Tech 2017;2(1):44-46.
Empathie, taboe en erkenning van tragiek
Authors: Lemmens Willem
Published: July 2019

Ik ben dankbaar dat 12 collega’s met elk een specifieke expertise in de problematiek de moeite namen om mijn beschouwing over empathie en euthanasie in de psychiatrie met een kritisch oog te lezen en van commentaar te voorzien. Graag grijp ik de geboden kans om enkele kanttekeningen te plaatsen of verduidelijkingen te bieden bij deze commentaren. Mijn bedoeling is, vooreerst, om op die manier de insteek van mijn artikel en de centrale stellingen die ik verdedig verder toe te lichten: soms lijk ik immers verkeerd te zijn begrepen of was ik wellicht niet helder genoeg. Daarnaast wil ik mijn gekende kritiek op de huidige legale en juridische regulering van euthanasie in de psychiatrie duidelijker motiveren.

Op alle commentaren afzonderlijk antwoorden, leek me ondoenbaar en zou te ver voeren. Ik heb daarom een selectie gemaakt van een aantal cruciale bedenkingen die in meerdere bijdragen opdoken: ik hoop op die manier samen met mijn respondenten een bijdrage te leveren aan een maatschappelijk uiterst belangrijke discussie die, zoals één van de respondenten opmerkt, dringend nood heeft aan meer diepgang.
Detection of tar brown carbon with the single particle soot photometer (SP2)
Authors: Corbin Joel C. , Gysel-Beer Martin
Published: July 2019

Abstract. We investigate the possibility that the refractory, infrared-light-absorbing carbon particulate material known as tar balls or tar brown carbon (tar brC) generates a unique signal in the scattering and incandescent detectors of the single particle soot photometer (SP2). As recent studies have defined tar brC in different ways, we begin by reviewing the literature and proposing a material-based definition of tar. We then show that tar brC results in unique SP2 signals due to a combination of complete or partial evaporation, with no or very little incandescence. Approximately 70 % of tar particles incandesced. At the time of incandescence the ratio of light scattering to incandescence from these particles was up to twofold greater than from soot black carbon (BC). In our sample, where the mass of tar was threefold greater than the mass of soot, this led to a bias of
Variational Assimilation of Streamflow Observations in Improving
Monthly Streamflow Forecasting
Authors: Mazrooei Amirhossein ,   A. Sankarasubramanian, Wood Andrew W.
Published: July 2019

Abstract. Uncertainties associated with the initial conditions (e.g. soil moisture content) of a hydrologic model have been recognized as one of the main sources of errors in hydrologic predictions, specifically over a rainfall-runoff regime. Apart from the recent advances in Data Assimilation (DA) for improving hydrologic predictions, this study explores variational assimilation (VAR) of gauge-measured daily streamflow data for updating initial state of soil moisture content of Variable Infiltration Capacity (VIC) Land Surface Model (LSM) in order to improve streamflow simulations as well as monthly streamflow forecasting. The study is conducted for the Tar River basin in North Carolina over 20-year period (1991–2010). The role of two critical parameters of VAR DA – the frequency of DA application and the length of assimilation window – in determining the skill of DA-improved streamflow predictions is also assessed. We found that correcting VIC model's initial conditions using a 7-day assimilation window results in the highest improvement in the skill of streamflow predictions quantified by Kling-Gupta Efficiency (KGE) and Nash-Sutcliffe Efficiency (NSE) metrics. In addition, the potential gain from VAR DA framework is quantified and compared under two 1-month ahead streamflow forecasting schemes: 1) deterministic forecasts developed by using ECHAM4.5 GCM 1-month ahead precipitation forecasts and 2) Probabilistic forecasts from Ensemble Streamflow Prediction (ESP) approach. This study also examines the persistence of the DA impact in the monthly predictions by quantifying the enhanced accuracy in daily flows over extending forecast lead time blocks. Analyses show that the the corrected initial state conditions continually enhance the 7–8 days ahead predictions, but after that the errors in forcings dominate the DA effects. Still, the overall impact of VAR DA in monthly streamflow forecasting is positive.
Urban cartography in the morphogenetic analysis of urban spaces: the case of the Boavista axis in the city of Porto
Authors: Fernandes Mário Gonçalves , Mealha Rui Passos
Published: July 2019

Abstract. Starting from a morphogenetic study of the Boavista axis, in the city of Oporto, a comparative analysis of the characteristics of the urban cartographic documents used (about two dozen surveys/projects, dating from the late 18th century to the beginning of the 20th century) and emphasizes the use of ancient urban cartography as an important tool for knowledge and recognition of urban morphogenesis, such as a framework of current urban action.Being one of the elements that are most evident in the urban network of Porto, the Boavista axis looks like the result of a single planning feature and he is also notable because it was built between the 18th and 20th centuries, corresponding to the political persistence of several generations of municipal power. Contrary to its form, its history is not linear and although considering the course of Rua da Boavista as the genesis conditioning the layout of the Avenida da Boavista, each (street and avenue) evokes distinct urban designs, based on different territorial and urban strategies.The formation of the Boavista axis between 1784 and 1915/17 was more complex, but urban cartography allows identifying each of its structuring periods, either by identifying the physical elements that identify the phasing process, or by the intrinsic characteristics of the various documents cartographic.
Using Spatial Image Schemata in the characterization of spatial relations
Authors: Ferreira Maria Engracinda dos Santos , Delazari Luciene Stamato
Published: July 2019

Abstract. Spatially describing objects or environments is a natural and everyday task present in the daily lives of individuals. To portray the existing relationships between present elements of the scene described, it is necessary to use terms known as spatial relations. Frequently, such descriptions are performed using Natural Language (NL), both spoken and written. The existence of a constant interaction of human with the environment makes NL rich in terms that characterize space, resulting in a diversity of such words. The variety of terms used as spatial relations makes it difficult to implement spatial localization systems that use NL. Therefore, to understand how spatial relations are used, the present article aimed to detect and categorize such spatial relations. For this, an experiment of a spatial description of environments unknown by users was performed. The volunteers were native speakers of Brazilian Portuguese language and from the spatial descriptions were obtained locative expressions that allowed the definition and categorization of spatial relations using the Spatial Image Schemata. The results obtained demonstrated an attempt to understand the spatial relations used in spatial descriptions. In the future, we aim to define a set of spatial relations representative of the words used in a spatial description task.
Linking picture with text: tagging flood relevant tweets for rapid flood inundation mapping
Authors: Huang Xiao , Wang Cuizhen , Li Zhenlong
Published: July 2019

Abstract. Recent years have seen the growth of popularity in social media, especially in social media based disaster studies. During a flood event, volunteers may contribute useful information regarding the extent and the severity of a flood in a real-time manner, largely facilitating the process of rapid inundation mapping. However, considering that ontopic (flood related) social media only comprises a small amount in the entire social media space, a robust extraction method is in great need. Taking Twitter as targeted social media platform, this study presents a visual-textual approach to automatic tagging flood related tweets in order to achieve real-time flood mapping. Two convolutional neural networks are adopted to process pictures and text separately. Their outputs are further combined and fed to a visual-textual fused classifier. The result suggests that additional visual information from pictures leads to better classification accuracy and the extracted tweets, representing timely documentation of flood event, can greatly benefit a variety of flood mitigation approaches.
Harmonization of different type of coordinate systems used for North Macedonian official spatial data
Authors: Idrizi Bashkim
Published: July 2019

Abstract. From the beginning of developing vector data sets in Macedonia, till now, three type of coordinate values for North Macedonian spatial data have been used.Law for real estate cadaster and Regulation for basic geodetic works are the official legal bases for definition of official state coordinate system. In both legal documents, state coordinate system is defined by Ellipsoid of Bessel 1841, Datum of Hermannskogel, and Gauss-Kruger projection with central meridian 21° E, scale factor 0.9999, false easting 500000 m, false northing 0 m and 7th projecting zone per 3°. Based on mentioned parameters, the coordinate systems EPSG 6204 and EPSG 6316 are defined and internationally recognized. The core deferens between them is false easting value. As a result of both coordinate systems parameters, the values of easting coordinates are far from each other for 7000 km!Beside EPSG 6204 and 6316, official spatial data sets defined in CAD software were digitized by excluding first digits of easting and northing coordinates, by excluding digits 7 for easting and 4 for northing coordinates of spatial data.Using three types of coordinate values, requires process of data harmonization before their usage in same project, in order to reach the spatial data overlapping. Third type of coordinate system, due to the lack of coordinate system parameters, can not be automatically overlapped with data defined in EPSG6204 and EPSG6316, which requires defining of intermediate coordinate system for third type of data in order to establish the mathematical base for data harmonization/overlapping by transformation of coordinates between three systems.
Floating Car Data and Fuzzy Logic for classifying congestion indexes in the city of Shanghai
Authors: Kalinic Maja , Krisp Jukka M.
Published: July 2019

Abstract. In this paper, we use Floating Car Data from the city of Shanghai and Fuzzy Inference model to detect congestion indexes throughout the city. We aim to investigate to which extent traffic congestion is severe during afternoon rush hour. Additionally, we compare our results to the ones obtained by calculating congestion indexes on conventional way. Although we do not argue that our model is the best measure of congestion, it does allow the mechanism to combine different measures and to incorporate the uncertainty in the individual measures so that the compound picture of congestion can be reproduced.
Preparation of the Future with Minecraft® on Demand
Authors: Lecordix François , Kumarasamy Sivakavi , Da Graca Fernando , Kriat Sofiane
Published: July 2019

Abstract. The French national mapping agency, Institut national de l’information géographique et forestière (IGN France), launched a new web service in June 2016, called Minecraft® on Demand specifically for young people. This free web service is designed to provide Minecraft® maps with the raster and vector geographic databases that IGN produce on the French territories. This new service was recognized by different community: scientific, young people, French ministry. Different statistics allow analyzing the success obtained since 3 years. The new using of Minecraft® on demand for national contest to imagine the future and for education is presented.
On the Way to an Information System of Russian Transport Networks
Authors: Lurie Irina K. , Alyautdinov Ali R. , Prokhorova Elena A. , Semin Vladinir N.
Published: July 2019

Abstract. Currently Russia faces great challenges in mapping its large transport system to characterize transport as an important sector of the national economy, as well as the country's place in the system of Eurasian corridors and the economic space of Eurasia as a whole. The Department of Cartography and Geoinformatics of the Faculty of Geography of Moscow State University has been working on the creation of a spatial database and geo-information support to assess the state and functioning of the transport system of Russia.The concept of using a system approach and special geographic research is proposed. This concept includes the workflow from designing the GIS project architecture and database creation to thematic mapping and visualization of results in the form of a Geo-resource. The final goal of the project is creating the Internet geoinformation resource. The practical realization of the Geo-Resource is based on the development of a special mapping application integrated into the structure of the resource and connection of this application to Geo-Database as a main depository of spatial information.
Application of Method for Calculating Sky View Factor Using Google Street View: Relation Between Sky View Factor and Physical Elements in Urban Space
Authors: Nishio Shoko , Ito Fumiko
Published: July 2019

Abstract. We applied a computation method of calculating the sky view factor (SVF) using Google Street View to Shibuya area, Tokyo, for the purpose of examining the relation between the SVF/SVF change and physical elements. The distribution of the SVF calculated by the above method was visualized, and the statistical process showed the tendency of a high SVF in quasi-residential districts and roadsides of high-graded trunk roads. The difference in the SVF change was small at 10-m intervals. The SVF change tended to be more apparent near an intersection and at different elevations.
Hydro-meteorological reconstruction and geomorphological impact assessment of the October, 2018 catastrophic flash flood at Sant Llorenç, Mallorca (Spain)
Authors: Lorenzo-Lacruz Jorge , Garcia Celso , Morán-Tejeda Enrique , Amengual Arnau , Homar Víctor , Maimó-Far Aina , Hermoso Alejandro , Ramis Climent , Romero Romualdo
Published: July 2019

Abstract. An extraordinary convective rainfall event, unforeseen by most prediction models, generated a devastating flash flood in Sant Llorenç des Cardassar, Mallorca on October 9, 2018. Four people died in the town (13 people died in the entire affected area). The event was reconstructed, implementing an integrated flash flood modelling approach in this small (23.4 km2) and semi-arid ungauged Mediterranean catchment, with a highly nonlinear hydrological response to heavy precipitation, based on three components: (i) generation of radar-derived precipitation estimates during the event; (ii) modelling of an accurate discharge hydrograph yielded by the basin; and (iii) hydraulic simulation of the event and mapping of affected areas. Radar-derived rainfall estimates showed very high agreement with rain gauge data (R2 = 0.98). Modelled flooding extent is in close agreement with the observed extension by Copernicus Emergency Management Service, based on Sentinel-1 imagery, and both far exceed the extension for a 500-year return period flood. Hydraulic simulation showed that water reached a depth of 3 m at some points, and modelled water depths highly correlate (R2 = 0.91) with in-situ after-event measurements. The flash flood eroded and transported woody and abundant sediment debris, changing channel geomorphology. Water velocity greatly increased at bridge locations crossing the river channel, especially at those closer to Sant Llorenç town centre. This study shows how the very low predictability of this type of extreme convective rainfall events and the very short hydrological response times typical of small Mediterranean catchments continue to challenge the implementation of early warning systems, which effectively reduce people's exposure to flash flood risk in the region.
Simulating the spread of disinfection by-products and anthropogenic bromoform emissions from ballast water discharge in Southeast Asia
Authors: Maas Josefine , Tegtmeier Susann , Quack Birgit , Biastoch Arne , Durgadoo Jonathan V. , Rühs Siren , Gollasch Stephan , David Matej
Published: July 2019

Abstract. Ballast water treatment is required for vessels to
prevent the introduction of potentially invasive neobiota. Some treatment
methods use chemical disinfectants which produce a variety of halogenated
compounds as disinfection by-products (DBPs). One of the most abundant DBPs from oxidative ballast water treatment is bromoform (CHBr3), for which we
find an average concentration of 894±560 nmol L−1 (226±142 µg L−1) in the undiluted ballast water from
measurements and the literature. Bromoform is a relevant gas for atmospheric
chemistry and ozone depletion, especially in the tropics where entrainment
into the stratosphere is possible. The spread of DBPs in the tropics over
months to years is assessed here for the first time. With Lagrangian
trajectories based on the NEMO-ORCA12 model velocity field, we simulate DBP
spread in the sea surface and quantify the oceanic bromoform
concentration and emissions to the atmosphere from ballast water discharge at
major harbours in the tropical region of Southeast Asia. The exemplary
simulations of two important regions, Singapore and the Pearl River Delta,
reveal major transport pathways of DBPs and anthropogenic bromoform
concentrations in the sea surface. Based on our simulations, we expect DBPs
to spread into the open ocean, along the coast and through advection with
monsoon-driven currents into the North Pacific and Indian Ocean.
Furthermore, anthropogenic bromoform concentrations and emissions are
predicted to increase locally around large harbours. In the sea surface
around Singapore, we estimate an increase in bromoform concentration by 9 % compared to recent measurements. In a moderate scenario in which 70 % of
the ballast water is chemically treated, bromoform emissions to the
atmosphere can locally exceed 1000 pmol m−2 h−1 and double
climatological emissions. In the Pearl River Delta all bromoform is directly
outgassed, which leads to an additional bromine (Br) input into the
atmosphere of 495 kmol Br a−1 (∼42 t CHBr3). For
Singapore ports the additional atmospheric Br input is calculated as 312 kmol Br a−1 (∼ 26 t CHBr3). We estimate a global
anthropogenic Br input from ballast water into the atmosphere of up to 13 Mmol a−1. This is 0.1 % of global Br input from background bromoform
emissions and thus not relevant for stratospheric ozone depletion.
Risk of burnout among radiographers in a large tertiary care hospital in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Alyousef Khalid , Alharbi Hatim , Alkharfi Rashed , Philip Winnie
Published: July 2019

Objective: Radiographers are known to be at increased risk of burnout due to the emotionally taxing interactions that they have with their patients on a daily basis. The aim of this study was to assess the risk of burnout among radiographers in a large tertiary care hospital in Saudi Arabia.Methods: This was an observational, cross-sectional study using the Maslach Burnout Inventory-Human Services Survey (MBI-HSS). This tool has been extensively tested and validated. 150 full-time radiographers at King Abdulaziz Medical City (KAMC), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia were invited. Trainees, interns and on job trainees (OJT) were excluded to ensure sample homogeneity. Results: 150 participants were invited to participate in the questionnaire with response rate 142 (95%). 70 participants (49%) were male and 72 (51%) female. Maslach Burnout Inventory-Human Services Survey subscale results: The mean (± SD) score for emotional exhaustion, depersonalization and personal accomplishment were 21.44 (± 13.0), 8.12 (± 6.99) and 35.63 (± 8.59) respectively. Moderate to high risk of burnout for emotional exhaustion, depersonalization and personal accomplishment were reported in 67%, 52% and 58% of participants respectively. Conclusions: 67% of radiographers were at moderate to high risk of burnout for emotional exhaustion, 52% for depersonalization and 58% for personal accomplishment. Policymakers should take necessary steps to recognize factors contributing to staff burnout and take appropriate steps to improve the work environment.