bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Classification and Detection of Malicious Attacks in Industrial IoT Devices via Machine Learning
Authors: Shahin Mohammad , Chen F , Bouzary Hamed , Hosseinzadeh Ali , Rashidifar Rasoul
Published: October 2022

The term “the Industrial Internet of Things” has become increasingly more pervasive in the context of manufacturing as digitization has become a business priority for many manufacturers. IIoT refers to a network of interconnected industrial devices, resulting in systems that can monitor, collect, exchange, analyze, and deliver valuable data and new insights. These insights can then help drive smarter, and faster business decisions for manufacturers. However, these benefits have come at the cost of creating a new attack vector for the malicious agents that aim at stealing manufacturing trade secrets, blueprints, or designs. As a result, cybersecurity concerns have become more relevant across the field of manufacturing. One of the main tracks of research in this field deals with developing effective cyber-security mechanisms and frameworks that can identify, classify, and detect malicious attacks in industrial IoT devices. In this paper, we have developed and implemented a classification and detection framework for addressing cyber-security concerns in industrial IoT which takes advantage of various machine learning algorithms. The results prove the satisfactory performance and robustness of the approach in classifying and detecting the attacks.
Assessment of High Porosity Lattice Structures for Lightweight Applications
Authors: Ambu Rita , Calì Michele
Published: October 2022

Additive manufacturing (AM) methods have a growing application in different fields such as aeronautical, automotive, biomedical, and there is a huge interest towards the extension of their use. In this paper, lattice structures for AM are analysed with regards to stiffness and printability in order to verify the suitability for applications where the main requirement of efficiency in terms of stiffness has to be balanced with other needs such as weight saving, ease of manufacturing and recycling of the material. At this aim, lattice structures with high porosity unit cells and large cell size made of a recyclable material were considered with a geometrical configuration allowing 3D printing without any supports. The lattice structures considered were based on body-centred cubic (BCC) and face centred cubic (FCC) unit cell combined with cubic cell. Finally, a multi-morphology lattice structure obtained by mixing different unit cells is also proposed. The lattice structures were modelled and structurally analysed by means of finite element method (FEM), manufactured with a Fusion deposition modelling (FDM) printer and evaluated in relation to printability and dimensional accuracy. The results show that the proposed structure with mixed cells is potentially advantageous in terms of weight saving in relation to the mechanical properties.
Assessment of Ergonomics Risk Experienced by Welding Workers in a Rail Component Manufacturing Organization
Authors: Nedohe Khumbuzile , Mpofu Khumbulani , Makinde Olasumbo
Published: October 2022

The various types of welding workstation designs used in a rail component manufacturing system environment have drawn the attention of industrial engineers to the safety and efficiency of the workers during welding operations. Welding operations are carried out using several posture configurations, which have a negative physical ergonomic impact on the workers, especially in manual welding processes. This empirical research investigates the ergonomics conditions of welding workplaces with the aim of ascertaining the disorders that may be associated with working posture during welding operations among the South African population. Twenty-seven (27) welders were randomly selected, and data was collected using a structured questionnaire. The majority (67 percent of the welders) stated that they experience discomfort and pain whilst they carry out their task, which contradicts ergonomic guidelines for working posture. Forty-eight percent of the welding workers were frequently physically tired. Sixty-three (63) percent agree that they perform repetitive tasks, and a majority of 78% of welding workers reported neck discomfort as a result of tilting their neck posture for a longer period during welding operations. It was deduced that the correlation among risk factors associated with workstation design, repetitive tasks, contribute to the awkward posture adopted whilst welding, that, if retained for a long duration, could lead to musculoskeletal injuries, poor quality of work, and reduced productivity. Based on these results, in order to increase productivity, it was proposed to redesign the welding workstations and to prioritize interventional ergonomic programme to minimize the MSDs problems.
Development of a Sensor Integrated Machining Vice Towards a Non-invasive Milling Monitoring System
Authors: Stavropoulos Panagiotis , Manitaras Dimitris , Papaioannou Christos , Souflas Thanassis , Bikas Harry
Published: October 2022

The future of manufacturing processes is the fully autonomous operation of machine tools. The reliable autonomous operation of machine tools calls for the integration of inline quality control systems that will be able to assess in real time the process status and ensure that the machine tool, process and workpiece are complying with the manufacturing tolerances and requirements. Sensor integrated tooling for machining processes can significantly contribute towards this goal as they can facilitate monitoring close to the actual process. However, most of the solutions proposed so far are highly expensive or very complex to integrate and operate in an industrial environment. To this end, this paper proposes an approach for a sensor integrated vise using low-cost industrial sensors that can easily be integrated in existing machine tools in a non-invasive fashion. The development and dynamic analysis of the system is presented, along with an experimental verification against a lab-scale, high accuracy sensing setup
Development Process for Information Security Concepts in IIoT-Based Manufacturing
Authors: Koch Julian , Eggers Kolja , Rath Jan-Erik , Schüppstuhl Thorsten
Published: October 2022

Digital technologies are increasingly utilized by manufacturers to make processes more transparent, efficient and networked. Novel utilization elicits the challenge of preventing deployed information technology from compromising processual security. The digital enabling of formerly analog operation technology, the extensive use of information technology connectivity like MQTT, TCP/IP, Wi-Fi, and the deployment of IoT edge computing platforms create an application scenario for the Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT), which also introduces the associated vulnerabilities, which have been extensively exploited in the past. This paper introduces a development process for information security concepts designed for production scenarios based on the IIoT. This concept is then applied using an illustrative use case from aircraft production. The main contents of the development process include: Formulation of reasonable assumptions, system modelling, threat analysis including risk assessment, recommendation of countermeasures, reassessment after incorporating countermeasures. Specifically, a Data Flow Diagram as the model is developed, and a “risk first” variation of the STRIDE methodology is applied to identify threats and prioritize them. The aforementioned state-of-the-art methodologies are adjusted to our cyber-physical use case in the IIoT. The resulting concept aims to enable manufacturing processes to be digitized as sought. The adjustments to the methodologies are independent from our use case and may be suitable to a broad field of scenarios in the IIoT.
AI-Based Engineering and Production Drawing Information Extraction
Authors: Haar Christoph , Kim Hangbeom , Koberg Lukas
Published: October 2022

The production of small batches to single parts has been increasing for many years and it burdens manufacturers with higher cost pressure. A significant proportion of the costs and processing time arise from indirect efforts such as understanding the manufacturing features of engineering drawings and the process planning based on the features. For this reason, the goal is to automate these indirect efforts. The basis for the process planning is information defined in the design department. The state of the art for information transfer between design and work preparation is the use of digital models enriched with additional information (e.g. STEP AP242). Until today, however, the use of 2D manufacturing drawings is widespread. In addition, a lot of knowledge is stored in old, already manufactured components that are only documented in 2D drawings. This paper provides an AI(Artificial Intelligence)-based methodology for extracting information from the 2D engineering and manufacturing drawings. Hereby, it combines and compiles object detection and text recognition methods to interpret the document systematically. Recognition rates for 2D drawings up to 70% are realized.
Hyperspectral Imaging for Non-destructive Testing of Composite Materials and Defect Classification
Authors: Patil Trunal , Pagano Claudia , Marani Roberto , D’Orazio Tiziana , Copani Giacomo , Fassi Irene
Published: October 2022

Carbon fiber composite materials are intensively used in many manufacturing domains such as aerospace, aviation, marine, automation and civil industries due to their excellent strength, corrosion resistance, and lightweight properties. However, their increased use requires a conscious awareness of their entire life cycle and not only of their manufacturing. Therefore, to reduce waste and increase sustainability, reparation, reuse, or recycling are recommended in case of defects and wear. This can be largely improved with reliable and efficient non-destructive defect detection techniques; those are able to identify damages automatically for quality control inspection, supporting the definition of the best circular economy options. Hyperspectral imaging techniques provide unique features for detecting physical and chemical alterations of any material and, in this study, it is proposed to identify the constitutive material and classify local defects of composite specimens. A Middle Wave Infrared Hyperspectral Imaging (MWIR-HSI) system, able to capture spectral signatures of the specimen surfaces in a range of wavelengths between 2.6757 and 5.5056 µm, has been used. The resulting signatures feed a deep neural network with three convolutional layers that filter the input and isolate data-driven features of high significance. A complete experimental case study is presented to validate the methodology, leading to an average classification accuracy of 93.72%. This opens new potential opportunities to enable sustainable life cycle strategies for carbon fiber composite materials.
Methoden
Authors: Lorenz Sandro
Published: October 2022

Um auf der einen Seite den Zieldimensionen Patientenzufriedenheit und Prozessqualität von Patientinnen und Patienten in der Prämedikationsambulanz und auf der anderen Seite der Präoperativen Angst eines gemischten chirurgischen Patientenguts näher zu kommen, wurde ein quantitatives, exploratives Querschnittsdesign gewählt um einen – zum aktuellen Erhebungszeitpunkt – repräsentativen Befund der Patientenzufriedenheit und Präoperativen Angst zu ermitteln sowie insbesondere die Prävalenz der Präoperativen Angst zu erfassen als auch zusätzlich mögliche Korrelationen relevanter Einflussgrößen auf Zufriedenheit und Präoperative Angst detektieren zu können.
Problem
Authors: Lorenz Sandro
Published: October 2022

Die Bedeutung der Prämedikationsambulanz in Bezug auf die Arzt-Patienten-Beziehung, die Patientenzufriedenheit und die Präoperative Angst aber auch auf ihre Rolle als Schnittstelle im Gesamtbehandlungsprozess des chirurgischen Patienten ist bereits im vorherigen Kapitel besprochen worden. Darüber hinaus ist die Anästhesieambulanz mittlerweile mit neuen Aufgaben wie der Rekrutierung von Patienten für klinische Studien, Eigenblutspenden aber auch der Disposition von Privatpatienten betraut; sie ist zu einer zentralen Schnittstelle im Rahmen der Operativen Medizin und des Prozessmanagements geworden [44, 45].
Ziele
Authors: Lorenz Sandro
Published: October 2022

Die Zufriedenheit mit der Prämedikationsambulanz, die Prozessqualität und auch der Aspekt der Präoperativen Angst stellen die Zieldimensionen in dieser Arbeit dar.
Aufbau und Gliederung
Authors: Lorenz Sandro
Published: October 2022

Die Arbeit gliedert sich in insgesamt vier Teilbereiche und versucht durch ihren Aufbau, den Leser stringent und logisch zu den Schlussfolgerungen zu geleiten.
Prämedikationsambulanz
Authors: Lorenz Sandro
Published: October 2022

Um die moderne Prämedikations- oder auch Anästhesieambulanz historisch einordnen zu können, ist es sinnvoll zu betonen, dass es sich auch bei dem Fachgebiet, aus dem diese Einrichtung stammt, um eine junge Disziplin, des Fächerkanons der Humanmedizin handelt [49]. Zu erkennen ist dies anhand der Tatsache, dass erst im Jahr 1960 Dr. Rudolph Frey den ersten, zunächst noch außerordentlichen, Lehrstuhl für Anästhesiologie besetzte [50]. Die Rolle des eigenständigen Fachgebietes Anästhesiologie war in Deutschland in den 1960er und 1970er Jahren noch im Aufbau begriffen [51].
Lower bounds on the spectral gap of one-dimensional Schrödinger operators
Authors: Kerner Joachim
Published: October 2022

We establish an explicit lower bound on the spectral gap of one-dimensional Schrödinger operators with non-negative bounded potentials and subject to Neumann boundary conditions. In addition, for a smaller class of potentials, we provide an improved lower bound which holds on large intervals.
Experience Them, Love Them, Protect Them—Has the COVID-19 Pandemic Changed People’s Perception of Urban and Suburban Green Spaces and Their Conservation Targets?
Authors: Tansil Donna , Plecak Christian , Taczanowska Karolina , Jiricka-Pürrer Alexandra
Published: October 2022

Public green and open spaces fulfil various social, ecological, economic, and aesthetic roles, which can be complementary while also competing with one another. The COVID-19 pandemic catalysed multiple societal changes, including citizens’ perception, needs and expectations relating to urban green spaces. This article discusses the extent to which the temporally and geographically changed patterns of experiencing these natural spaces also influenced users’ perception and behaviour as well as their appreciation of the conservation areas. The study is based upon two surveys carried out in the greater metropolitan region of Vienna, the capital city of Austria. A quantitative survey (representative online panel) among Viennese population (n = 1012), as well as qualitive interviews with experts responsible for conservation areas, administrators of federal parks, along with NGOs representatives were carried out in spring and summer 2021. Our study shows changed perception of urban citizens towards green spaces during the COVID-19 pandemic. An increased importance of time spent in nature (68%) and possibility to visit large green areas (67%) was reported by Viennese citizens. Also, higher recognition of green spaces located close to home was observed among 69% of the respondents. There were significant differences in opinions on green areas during the pandemic in various age and gender groups. Thus, the presented study contributes to the ongoing international discussion on the transition of societal needs and its effects on urban green spaces induced by the pandemic. Presented results highlight the need of urgent transformation towards a more sustainable, resilient and healthy urban space.
Gemini connector
Authors: Grossmann Vasco , Nakath David , Koch Reinhard , Köser Kevin
Published: October 2022

Spectacular advances have been made in the field of machine vision over the past decade. While this discipline is traditionally driven by geometric models, neural networks have proven to be superior in some applications and have significantly expanded the limits of what is possible. At the same time, conventional graphic models describe the relationship between images and the associated scene with textures and light in a physically realistic manner and are an important part of photogrammetry. Differential renderers combine these approaches by enabling gradient-based optimization in fixed structures of a graphics pipeline and thus adapt the learning process of neural networks. This fusion of formalized knowledge and machine learning motivates the idea of a modular differentiable renderer in which physical and statistical models can be recombined depending on the use case. We therefore present Gemini Connector: an initiative for the modular development and combination of differentiable physical models and neural networks. We examine opportunities and problems and motivate the idea with the extension of a differentiable rendering pipeline to include models of underwater optics for the analysis of deep sea images. Finally, we discuss use cases, especially within the Cross-Domain Fusion initiative.
Nocturnal Red Light Application Modulated the Fumonisin B1-Induced Changes in Glutathione Transferases of Different Wheat Cultivars
Authors: Pelsőczi Alina , Horváth Edit , Czékus Zalán , Kukri András , Poór Péter , Gallé Ágnes
Published: October 2022

Plant defense responses againstFusariuminfection can be controlled by light. In this study, the effects of nocturnal red light were investigated on glutathione transferases (GSTs) in the leaves of the moderate- and high-Fusariumresistant wheat cultivars, GK Ígéret and GK Arató, respectively. GST activity increased in the light phase during the day, while it decreased after midnight. Since GST activity was lowest at midnight, we examined whether red light application at midnight could prevent the night-time drop in enzyme activity. We found that 15-min-long nocturnal red light application was effective to increase GST activity at dawn. The effects of red light pretreatments on GST expression and activity, as well as the oxidative stress induced by fumonisin B1 (FB1), were investigated. FB1 exposure increased GST activity and the expression ofGSTgenes at dawn but nocturnal red light application in combination with the mycotoxin also increased GST activity and the transcript levels of the selectedGSTs in the resistant GK Arató. In addition to its effects on GSTs, it was discovered that, depending on the degree of tolerance, nocturnal red light increased the activity of the major antioxidant enzymes at dawn in both of the chosen wheat genotypes. These decreased FB1’s oxidative stress-causing actions, resulting in lower lipid peroxidation and less cell viability loss when exposed to the mycotoxin. Pretreatment with nocturnal red light enhanced the activity of GST and antioxidant enzymes in wheat plant leaves, contributing to FB1 detoxification and reducing oxidative stress.
Lymphedema after pelvic and para-aortic lymphadenectomy—results of a systematic evaluation in patients with cervical and endometrial carcinoma
Authors: Armbrust R. , Auletta V. , Cichon G. , Vercellino G. , Yost K. , Sehouli J.
Published: October 2022

Background

Lymphedema is a frequent complication after surgical treatment in gynecological oncology with substantial impact on patients´ Quality of Life (QoL). Little is known about screening instruments and prevention. Primary objective was to develop and validate the German version of a 13 items screening questionnaire (SQ) developed by Yost et al. to provide a valid instrument for early diagnosis of lower extremity lymphedema (LEL).

Methods

After translation the SQ was used in pt. with cervical or endometrial cancer who underwent pelvic/paraaortic Lymphadenectomy. Sensitivity and specifity were analysed regarding possible prediction and influencing factors of LEL.

Results

67 pt. had LEL (N = 128). Nearly 50% of women in each group (38 in LEL + e 30 in LEL − ) had a body mass index (BMI) > 30 kg/m2. Number of removed lymphnodes, radiotherapy and were significantly associated with development of LEL. Translated Mayo Clinic questionnaire can be used with reliable specifity and sensitivity. Four additional questions improved the diagnostic accuracy of the SQ.

Conclusions

The translated SQ is a valuable and predictive tool for screening and early detection of LEL in Gynecological cancer surgery and can even improved by adding simple questions.
A matter of space: how the spatial heterogeneity in energy deposition determines the biological outcome of radiation exposure
Authors: Baiocco Giorgio , Bartzsch Stefan , Conte Valeria , Friedrich Thomas , Jakob Burkhard , Tartas Adrianna , Villagrasa Carmen , Prise Kevin M.
Published: October 2022

The outcome of the exposure of living organisms to ionizing radiation is determined by the distribution of the associated energy deposition at different spatial scales. Radiation proceeds through ionizations and excitations of hit molecules with an ~ nm spacing. Approaches such as nanodosimetry/microdosimetry and Monte Carlo track-structure simulations have been successfully adopted to investigate radiation quality effects: they allow to explore correlations between the spatial clustering of such energy depositions at the scales of DNA or chromosome domains and their biological consequences at the cellular level. Physical features alone, however, are not enough to assess the entity and complexity of radiation-induced DNA damage: this latter is the result of an interplay between radiation track structure and the spatial architecture of chromatin, and further depends on the chromatin dynamic response, affecting the activation and efficiency of the repair machinery. The heterogeneity of radiation energy depositions at the single-cell level affects the trade-off between cell inactivation and induction of viable mutations and hence influences radiation-induced carcinogenesis. In radiation therapy, where the goal is cancer cell inactivation, the delivery of a homogenous dose to the tumour has been the traditional approach in clinical practice. However, evidence is accumulating that introducing heterogeneity with spatially fractionated beams (mini- and microbeam therapy) can lead to significant advantages, particularly in sparing normal tissues. Such findings cannot be explained in merely physical terms, and their interpretation requires considering the scales at play in the underlying biological mechanisms, suggesting a systemic response to radiation.
Long-term efficacy of percutaneous tibial nerve stimulation for faecal incontinence and a new approach for partial responders
Authors: Bosch-Ramírez M. , Sánchez-Guillén L. , Alcaide-Quirós M. J. , Aguilar-Martínez M. M. , Bellón-López M. , López Delgado A. , López-Rodríguez-Arias F. , Muñoz-Duyos A. , Barber-Valles X. , Arroyo A.
Published: October 2022

Background

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the long-term efficacy of percutaneous tibial nerve stimulation (PTNS) for patients with faecal incontinence (FI) refractory to conservative treatment. Secondary aims were to identify predictors of response and validate new treatment pathways for partial responders.

Methods

A prospective, interventional study was carried out in a specialist defecatory disorder unit from a university hospital between January 2010 and June 2017 on patients > 18 years old with FI refractory to conservative treatment. Thirty-minute PTNS sessions were performed in three phases (weekly, biweekly and monthly) up to a year, with clinical reassessment at 3, 6, 12 and 36 months.

Patients were classified as optimal responders when their pretreatment Wexner score decreased > 50%; partial responders when it decreased 25–50%; and insufficient responders if it decreased < 25%. Only optimal and partial responders progressed into successive phases.

Results

Between 2010 and 2017, 139 patients (110 women, median age 63 years [range 22–82 years]) were recruited. After the first phase, 4 patients were optimal responders, 93 were partial responders and 36 were insufficient responders. At 6 and 12 months, 66 and 89 patients respectively were optimal responders, with an optimal response rate of 64% at the end of treatment. A total of 93.3% patients with a partial response initially finally became optimal responders. Furthermore, at 36 months, 71.9% of patients were still optimal responders without supplementary treatment, although their quality of life did not improve significantly. Baseline Wexner scores ≤ 10 and symptom duration < 1 year were identified as predictive factors for positive responses to PTNS.

Conclusions

Patients undergoing PTNS for 1 year following this protocol had optimal long-term responses. PTNS sessions for up to 1 year in patients who were partial responders prevents a high percentage of them from needing more invasive treatments, and maintains long-term continence in patients who were optimal responders.
Male plumage signal expression is related to feather corticosterone concentration in the Pied Flycatcher Ficedula hypoleuca
Authors: Moreno Juan , López-Arrabé Jimena
Published: October 2022

Male signals may express the capacity to sustain environmental challenges. In some migratory birds like the Pied FlycatcherFicedula hypoleuca, plumage ornaments are molted in the winter quarters shortly before spring migration while most feathers are replaced shortly after the breeding season in the breeding areas. The concentration of corticosterone in feathers (CORTf) may relate to baseline CORT levels at the time of molt which could be expressed through plumage signals. Male Pied Flycatchers present white patches on forehead feathers and tertials which are molted before spring migration and on secondaries and primaries replaced after breeding. They also express a variable degree of melanisation of head and back feathers molted in the wintering areas. All these plumage traits have been previously shown to function in social contests and/or mate attraction. Here we have collected tertials on the two wings and two tail feathers, molted in wintering and breeding areas respectively, of males in a Spanish montane population and analysed CORTf in the laboratory with standard enzyme immunoassays. There is no correlation within individuals between CORTf in the two types of feathers, although levels are similar. The size of the forehead patch is negatively associated with CORTf in tail feathers, mainly in small males, while the blackness of head and back is negatively related to CORTf in tertials, mainly in large males. The size of the wing patch composed of patches on feathers molted both in wintering (tertials) and breeding areas (primaries and secondaries) is not related to CORTf in any type of feather. Different male plumage traits thus may reflect circulating CORT levels during molt processes occurring in the wintering respectively breeding range as expressed by CORTf in different types of feathers.
Voronoi Meshing to Accurately Capture Geological Structure in Subsurface Simulations
Authors: LaForce Tara , Ebeida Mohamed , Jordan Spencer , Miller Terry A. , Stauffer Philip H. , Park Heeho , Leone Rosie , Hammond Glenn
Published: October 2022

Mesh generation lies at the interface of geological modeling and reservoir simulation. Highly skewed or very small grid cells may be necessary to accurately capture the geometry of geological features, but the resulting poorly scaled or small grid cells can have a substantial negative impact on simulator accuracy and speed. One way to minimize numerical errors caused by gridding complex structures is to simulate on high-quality Voronoi meshes, which reduce grid orientation effects in fluid flow. This work presents a complete methodology to create Voronoi simulation grids, model fluid flow in complex geological systems, and visualize the results. A recently developed Voronoi meshing method that can automatically generate provably good unstructured meshes that conform to input surfaces creating closed volumes is used. Initially an analytical benchmark simulation is presented to validate the quality of the meshes and simulation results and demonstrate the superiority of simulation results using Voronoi meshes over flexed-hexahedral meshes on a domain with internal features. Next, meshes are created for test structures representing four of the most common geological features in the subsurface: layering, pinch-out, an interior lens that tapers to zero thickness on all sides and a fault with offset. Two benchmark flow simulations are run for each test structure. Finally, a realistic geological example for CO$$_2$$

2

injection into an anticline is simulated. Three realizations of the Voronoi mesh at the same resolution are generated for the simulations. Each mesh is highly refined near the injection wells and coarse in areas of less interest. These three meshes are used to model the CO$$_2$$

2

plume in the subsurface as it migrates to the top of the structure and then fills downward. Simulations on the meshes with randomly generated elements inside the input volumes each give slightly different fingering patterns for the viscous-unstable buoyant gas flow. The results presented in this work show a promising step towards utilizing fully automated Voronoi meshing for subsurface flow simulations in complex geology.
Suction effects during uplift of steel pipes buried in compacted soil
Authors: Wu Jinbiao , Kouretzis George , Pineda Jubert , Ouyang Kaiwen
Published: October 2022

This paper presents an experimental study on quantifying the effects of soil suction on the resistance offered by compacted unsaturated backfills to uplift of buried steel pipes and identifying the mechanisms that contribute to increased resistance compared to similar pipes buried in dry sand. This is achieved by means of 1-g physical model experiments, with the pipe buried in sandy loam–Kaolin soil beds of varying water content (suction), compacted to the same dry unit weight. The main experiments are supplemented by benchmarking experiments performed in dry sand of similar grain size distribution, as well as in compacted soil beds inundated with water to achieve conditions close to full saturation. The experiments are supported by a detailed characterisation study of compacted sandy loam–Kaolin mixtures and mini-CPT tests performed to evaluate the uniformity of the soil beds. Measurements of the reaction developing on the pipe as function of its uplift displacement are co-evaluated together with images of the failure mechanisms obtained using particle image velocimetry and continuous measurements of soil matrix suction. We conclude with a simplified method to predict the peak reaction to pipe uplift that allows considering the contribution of suction and the tensile–shear failure mechanism observed during the experiments.
What’s hot and what's not in lay psychology: Wikipedia’s most-viewed articles
Authors: Ciechanowski Kaśmir , Banasik-Jemielniak Natalia , Jemielniak Dariusz
Published: October 2022

We studied views of articles about psychology on 10 language editions of Wikipedia from July 1, 2015, to January 6, 2021. We were most interested in what psychology topics Wikipedia users wanted to read, and how the frequency of views changed during the COVID-19 pandemic and lockdowns. Our results show that the topics of interest to people seeking psychological knowledge changed during the pandemic. In addition, the interests differ noticeably among the languages. We made two important observations. The first was that during the pandemic, people in most countries looked for new ways to manage their stress without resorting to external help. This is understandable, given the increased stress of lockdown and the limited amount of professional help available. We also found that academic topics, typically covered in university classes, experienced a substantial drop in traffic, which could be indicative of issues with remote teaching.
Mindfulness-Based Interventions for Survivors of Lung Cancer and Their Partners: A Systematic Review
Authors: McDonnell Karen Kane , Owens Otis L. , Umari Fattona
Published: October 2022

Background

Survivors of lung cancer and their partners often have complex unresolved physical, psychosocial, and behavioral needs that can negatively affect the survivors’ and partners’ well-being. This systematic review aimed to (1) examine the content and delivery of mindfulness-based interventions (MBIs) and (2) summarize and synthesize the current evidence for effectiveness of MBIs targeting survivors of lung cancer and/or one selected partner (dyads).

Method

Six databases were searched for interventional studies published in English between 1980 and June 2020 using three terms (lung neoplasms, mindfulness, caregivers). For outcome measures, the interventions focused on behavioral change (meditation, yoga, stretching, breathing), symptom management (dyspnea, fatigue, sleep disruption, anxiety, depression, stress reduction), and knowledge. Two reviewers independently assessed article eligibility. One reviewer performed and another independently verified data extraction. The Cochrane risk-of-bias tool for randomized trials was used to critically appraise RCTs.

Results

Searching yielded 307 records, of which 64 were assessed for eligibility. Six studies investigated the impact of an MBI on survivors and partners. Four studies were single-arm feasibility studies; two were RCTs. Two feasibility studies and one RCT recruited romantic couples whereas the others recruited asymmetrical dyads. The single-arm studies reported strong feasibility and acceptability. RCTs reported significant outcomes for reduced cancer-related distress and depression, and improved QOL, self-compassion, mindfulness skills, and rumination.

Conclusion

Dyadic intervention research is a growing field. Few interventions target individuals with lung cancer and their partners. No interventions target partners alone. Future research should evaluate rigorous methodologies that enhance the understanding of independent and interdependent health-related effects within dyads and across relationships and settings.
Balanced incomplete factorization preconditioner with pivoting
Authors: Marín J. , Mas J.
Published: October 2022

In this work we study pivoting strategies for the preconditioner presented in Bru (SIAM J Sci Comput 30(5):2302–2318, 2008) which computes the LU factorization of a matrix A. This preconditioner is based on the Inverse Sherman Morrison (ISM) decomposition [Preconditioning sparse nonsymmetric linear systems with the Sherman–Morrison formula. Bru (SIAM J Sci Comput 25(2):701–715, 2003), that using recursion formulas derived from the Sherman-Morrison formula, obtains the direct and inverse LU factors of a matrix. We present a modification of the ISM decomposition that allows for pivoting, and so the computation of preconditioners for any nonsingular matrix. While the ISM algorithm at a given step computes only a new pair of vectors, the new pivoting algorithm in the k-th step also modifies all the remaining vectors from $$k+1$$

k
+
1

to n. Thus, it can be seen as a right looking version of the ISM decomposition. The results of numerical experiments with ill-conditioned and highly indefinite matrices arising from different applications show the robustness of the new algorithm, since it is able to solve problems that are not possible to solve otherwise.
Hepatitis D virus infection in a large cohort of immigrants in southern Italy: a multicenter, prospective study
Authors: Pisaturo Mariantonietta , Alessio Loredana , Di Fraia Alessandra , Macera Margherita , Minichini Carmine , Cordua Emanuele , Onorato Lorenzo , Scotto Gaetano , Di Caprio Giovanni , Calò Federica , Sagnelli Caterina , Coppola Nicola
Published: October 2022

Background

Since few data are available in the literature on the prevalence of anti-Delta-positive subjects in immigrant populations, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the demographic and virological characteristics of HDV infection in a large cohort of immigrants living in southern Italy.

Methods

Between January 2012 and February 2020 all immigrants attending one of the 5 first- level centers were enrolled and screened for HBsAg, the HBsAg-positive for anti-Delta and if positive, for HDV-RNA and HDV genotype.

Results

Of the 3521 immigrants observed in the study period, 3417 (97.0%) agreed to be screened; they were mainly males (61%), with a median age of 27 years (IQR 8–74) and came prevalently (58%) from sub-Saharan Africa.

Of the 3417 patients enrolled, 319 (9%) subjects were HBsAg-positive, and of those, 8 (2.5%) were anti-Delta-positive. No difference in the demographic and epidemiological characteristics was observed between the anti-Delta-negative vs -positive. Of the 8 anti-Delta-positive subjects, only one was HDV-RNA-positive (viral load: 7050 IU/mL), genotype 1, with clinical signs of cirrhosis.

Conclusions

the present study showed a prevalence of HDV of 2.5% in a large cohort of asymptomatic immigrants, suggesting the need for screening campaigns for viral infections including delta hepatitis in this population.
Does perfectionism influence individual financial risk tolerance and financial well-being? Evidence from an online survey data from the US
Authors: Wang Di , McGroarty Frank
Published: October 2022

Perfectionism influences various aspects of our lives, such as academic study, music, athletics, and work. Perfectionism has two essential facets: striving and evaluative concerns. The effect of perfectionism on financial domain was rarely examined. This study aims to investigate whether perfectionism influence tolerance for financial risk, wealth accumulation and gambling behavior. We implement a cross-sectional study with an online survey sample of 661 US residents. We conduct OLS, quantile and ordered logistic regressions as well as mediation tests to examine the relationships between the variables of interest. The results suggest three findings. First, perfectionistic striving is positively associated with financial risk tolerance, but perfectionistic concerns have no impact on financial risk tolerance. Second, perfectionistic striving (concerns) positively (negatively) predicts liquid wealth mediated by investment knowledge. Third, perfectionistic concerns inhibit gambling expenditure. This study contributes to theory by documenting that perfectionism can influence financial satisfaction or well-being. The conclusions also have important implication from a policy perspective.
Ten Years of the Nepal Ambulance Service: Successful and Sustainable Efforts
Authors: Waterstone Anna M. , Prendergast Nicole J. , Gongal Rajesh , Il’yasova Dora , Walker Rebecca
Published: October 2022

We describe the evolution of the nonprofit Nepal Ambulance Service (NAS) in a narrative of its 10-y history, presenting geographical, social, cultural, and financial considerations that permeated the development of NAS. We gathered narrative information from the NAS leadership and partners to detail key organizational considerations regarding the implementation and maintenance of the prehospital system in Nepal. We describe the response of NAS to the 2015 earthquake and summarize transport data for 6 mo before and 6 mo after the event. The data collected included the date and time of calls received, time to ambulance dispatch, on-scene time, time to arrival at the hospital, time until the ambulance crew was back in service, patient age and sex, chief complaints, and work shift time of the ambulance crew. To characterize the time to response and transport after the 2015 earthquake, we present the means and standard deviations of the time intervals. There was an overall increase in calls and, specifically, trauma-related calls after the 2015 earthquake. The time from a call placed to dispatch was stable, approximately 2 min, throughout the period, whereas the time from dispatch to the scene and arrival at the scene varied widely. We discuss the response to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The NAS provided care to 1230 patients with COVID-19. The descriptive data show how well NAS responded to a major national disaster and the recent pandemic.
Personality Traits Predict Non-Substance Related and Substance Related Addictive Behaviours
Authors: Kräplin Anja , Kupka Käthe Friederike , Fröhner Juliane H. , Krönke Klaus-Martin , Wolff Max , Smolka Michael N. , Bühringer Gerhard , Goschke Thomas
Published: October 2022

Abstract: Aims: To examine whether personality traits predict the course of addictive behaviours in general and whether predictive associations differ between non-substance related (NR) and substance related (SR) addictive behaviours. Methodology: We recruited 338 individuals (19–27 y, 59 % female) from a random community sample with NR, SR, or no DSM-5 addictive disorder. Predictors were the Big Five personality traits (NEO-FFI) and reward and punishment sensitivity (BIS/BAS questionnaire). Outcomes were the slopes of addictive behaviours (i. e., quantity, frequency, and number of DSM-5 criteria) over three years. Bayesian multiple regressions were used to analyse the probabilities for each hypothesis. Results: The evidence that higher neuroticism, lower conscientiousness, lower agreeableness, higher extraversion, lower openness, higher reward sensitivity, and lower punishment sensitivity predict increased addictive behaviours over time was, overall, moderate to high (69 % to 99 %) and varied by trait and outcome. Predictive associations were mostly higher for NR compared with SR addictive behaviours. Conclusions: Personality traits predict the course of addictive behaviours, but associations were only about half as large as expected. While some personality traits, such as lower conscientiousness, predict increases in both NR and SR addictive behaviours over time, others, such as lower punishment sensitivity, seem to specifically predict increases in NR addictive behaviours.
Skisturz mit temporärer Tetraparese
Authors: Braschler Lorin , Kraus Ulrich , Braschler Thomas , Knechtle Beat
Published: October 2022

Zusammenfassung. Wir präsentieren einen 74-jährigen Patienten nach Skisturz und danach aufgetretener inkompletter, armbetonter sensibler und motorisch spastischer Tetraparese. Bei Vorstellung in der Hausarztpraxis konnten sowohl Pyramidenbahnzeichen sowie Störungen der Feinmotorik in beiden Händen beobachtet werden. Zudem zeigte sich ein sensibles und ataktisches Gangbild. Klinisch zeigte sich zusammenfassend eine traumatische inkomplette sensible und motorische Querschnittslähmung NLI C5 und AIS D. Die MRT-Untersuchung der Halswirbelsäule zeigte passend hierzu eine hochgradige Spinalkanalstenose auf Höhe C5 mit Myelonkompression. Es erfolgte eine operative Dekompression des Rückenmarks mit anschliessender Fusion und Stabilisierung der entsprechenden Halswirbelkörper. Postoperativ zeigte sich klinisch weiterhin eine Querschnittslähmung NLI C5 und AIS D. Nach dreiwöchiger neurologischer Rehabilitation hat sich der Patient bis auf eine leichte Paraspastik der Beine und noch leicht bestehenden Hypästhesien der Fingerbeeren erholt.
Arctic Glaciers, a Peruvian Volcano, and a Russian Famine
Authors: Fl�rez Santiago
Published: October 2022

A team studying Russian glaciers found evidence that a volcanic eruption in southern Peru changed the planet’s climate at the beginning of the 17th century.
Decadal and Annual Variations in Meteoric Flux From Ulysses, Wind, and SOFIE Observations
Authors: Hervig Mark E. , Malaspina David , Sterken Veerle , Wilson Lynn B. , Hunziker Silvan , Bailey Scott M.
Published: October 2022

Our solar system is filled with meteoric particles, or cosmic dust, which is either interplanetary or interstellar in origin. Interstellar dust (ISD) enters the heliosphere due to the relative motion of the sun and the interstellar flow. Interplanetary dust (IPD) comes primarily from asteroid collisions or comet sublimation, and comprises the bulk of material entering Earth's atmosphere. This study examines variations in ISD and the IPD flux at Earth using observations from three different satellite techniques. First are size‐resolved in situ meteoroid detections by the Ulysses spacecraft, and second are in situ indirect dust observations by Wind. Third are measurements of meteoric smoke in the mesosphere by the Solar Occultation For Ice Experiment (SOFIE). Wind and Ulysses observations are sorted into the interstellar and interplanetary components. Wind ISD show the anticipated correlation to the 22‐year solar magnetic cycle, and are consistent with model predictions of ISD. Because Wind does not discriminate particle size, the IPD measurements were interpreted using meteoric mass distributions from Ulysses observations and from different models. Wind observations during 2007–2020 indicate a total meteoric influx at Earth of 22 metric tons per day (t d−1), in reasonable agreement with long‐term averages from SOFIE (25 t d−1) and Ulysses (32 t d−1). The SOFIE and Wind influx time series both show an unexpected correlation to the 22‐year solar cycle. This relationship could be an artifact, or may indicate that IPD responds to changes in the solar magnetic field.
Poroelastic Mechanical Behavior of Crystal Mush Reservoirs: Insights Into the Spatio‐Temporal Evolution of Volcano Surface Deformation
Authors: Alshembari Rami , Hickey James , Williamson Ben J. , Cashman Katharine
Published: October 2022

Characterizing the physical properties and mechanical behavior of melt reservoirs is essential for enhancing geophysical models that aim to understand the evolution of subvolcanic systems and support hazard forecasting. Increasing evidence suggests that shallow magmatic reservoirs consist of variably packed crystal frameworks with small volumes of interstitial melt, commonly referred to as “mushes.” Current volcano deformation models often implement static magma sources with a cavity and thus provide little insight into dynamic internal reservoir processes; they also ignore the presence of crystals, melt and other fluids, and therefore the likely poroelastic mechanical response to melt addition or withdrawal. Here we investigate the influence of poroelastic mechanical behavior on reservoir pressure evolution and resultant spatio‐temporal surface deformation. We consider the melt reservoir to be largely crystalline (10%–50% melt fraction) with melt distributed between crystals; we show that the presence of crystals affects the spatial and temporal mechanics of magma reservoir behavior. In contrast to classical models for volcanic surface deformation, our results suggest that a poroelastic surface deformation response continues to develop after withdrawal/upward emplacement of melt has terminated, and importantly that the withdrawal/injection point can affect the evolution of the relative magnitudes of vertical and radial deformation over time. These protracted displacements are caused by melt diffusion, which depends principally on mush hydraulic properties and melt characteristics. Following an intrusion/withdrawal event, a steady state is eventually reached when the fluid pressure is uniform in the mush reservoir.