bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
आमनिर्वाचन २०७९ मा राजनीतिक दलहरूको अवस्था
Authors: Sapkota Dhaka Ram
Published: October 2023

प्रस्तुत अध्ययन आमनिर्वाचन २०७९ मा आधारित रहेर तयार पारिएको छ । वि.सं.२०७२ सालको संविधानले राज्यलाई संघ, प्रदेश र स्थानीय गरी तीन तहमा विभाजन गरेको छ । संघलाई राज्य सञ्चालनका केही विशिष्टखालको अधिकार दिइएको छ । राज्यको स्थायित्व, प्रदेश र स्थानीय निकायको सफलताको प्रमुख कडी र संस्थागत विकास, यसले बहन गर्ने जिम्मेवारीमा भरपर्छ । त्यस खालको जिम्मेवारी बहन गर्ने कुरामा यसका प्रतिनिधिहरूको चयन गर्ने आवधिक निर्वाचनमा निर्भर हुन्छ । संघीय संसदको निर्वाचन २०७९ मा राजनीतिक दलहरू गठबन्धन बनाएर निर्वाचनमा होमिएका थिए । निर्वाचनबाट प्रतिनिधि छान्ने कुरा दलको दबदवामा भन्दा पनि नागरिकसँग जोडिने कुरा प्रजातन्त्रको सवल पक्ष मानिन्छ । पुस्तकालय विधिबाट सङ्कलन गरिएका स्रोतहरूको प्रयोग गरी सिस्टम थ्योरी विधिबाट अध्ययन गरिएको यस लेखमा सिद्धान्त र योग्यभन्दा निर्वाचन जित्ने एक मात्र लक्ष्यका साथ उम्मेदवार उठाउने र तिनैलाई चुनाव जिताउन पार्टी सदस्यले लिएको नाममा मत दिन दवाब दिने कुरा हावी भएको देखिन्छ । जुन कुराले तत्काल फाइदा हुने भए पनि कालान्तरमा दल र व्यवस्थाकै लागि अनुत्पादक हुने निष्कर्ष रह्यो ।
Nepalese Political Leadership in Relief Distribution and Constitution Drafting Process after Earthquake-2015
Authors: Karki Kapil
Published: October 2023

This paper discusses the characteristics of leadership in Nepalese politics specifically after the earthquake of 2015.With some examples from the context, it argues that leadership like other techniques prioritizes on the elements like caring, problem solving and facilitation. It makes attempts to promote sustainability in the social and capital structure of the nation. Again, it challenges long rooted social problems like discrimination, injustices and inequalities leading towards unity in diversity of culture, tradition and ethnicity. In exercising the power in Nepali society, there are a number of leadership styles like charismatic, authentic, feudalistic, authoritative, democratic, transformational, spiritual, and ethical in practice. However, we find lacking of responsibility in the tendency of exercising leadership in our context. This article highlights the drawbacks like arise of conflict due to the lack of responsibility in leadership. It further discusses attributable factors causing harm in the peaceful and prosperous setting of society. Thus it hopes in developing the culture of responsibility in crafting leadership styles in various sectors of the Nepalese community in times to come for a better social order.
Rai Community and Shifting Cultivation Practices in Eastern Nepal: A Study of Balakhu, Okhaldhunga
Authors: Sapkota Khila Nath
Published: October 2023

Shifting cultivation is a form of land use pattern among poor and indigenous communities with a rotation of cultivation and follow in the same unit of land. Thousands of indigenous people, with majority households for subsistence living, are depending on shifting cultivation practices. Shifting cultivation in Nepal, locally called as Khoriya or Bhasme, is a land use practice in which indigenous communities clear and cultivate secondary forests in plots of different sizes, leave these plots to regenerate naturally through fallows of medium to long duration. This practice is in transition these days with rising population of shifting cultivators and demand of more food stuff. This case study demonstrates the relationship among land use practices, people livelihood and health issues of Rai community who have involved in shifting cultivation practices in Balakhu Village of Okhaldhunga.
An Operational Recent Media and Field Study on Tribhuvan University's Academia
Authors: Karna Manoj Kumar
Published: October 2023

Tribhuvan University (TU) is the only central and the eldest university in Nepal. It has been the role model of the other universities here and it has own identity globally in the meaning of number of student, provision of various subjects, eco-friendly landscape with the sufficient physical infrastructure and so on. It is still the prime choice of Nepali students whose economy is poor for higher studies, but those who are financially sound, try to go abroad after school level education. Despite TU having enough land property including human resources in comparison to other Nepali universities, the students do not seem fully satisfied in average with the academic activities, some central level educational policies, management system, service and hospitality of the core staffs resultantly unable to perform excellent in the final examination. Keeping old and new some philosophies of education in the mind, for example, Socrates, John Dewey, E. George Payne and some others, this research article renders passionately in the mind of many stakes holder student and teachers at TU’s one constituent campus, Patan Multiple Campus, Patandhoka (Lalitpur) as a sample study through interviews. It reads some lines of the Nepali mass media in the recent so that the related authorities of TU will get feedback for rectification in time in the favor of the nation as well as to reset its own glorious past image in the society, thus, quasi-experimental method works in this article.
Tribhuvan University in Kirtipur; A History of Resistance and Change
Authors: Acharya Pradeep
Published: October 2023

This paper, focused on the history of establishment of university in Kiritpur, is centered around a question - How the establishment of Tribhuvan University in Kirtipur is associated with a pattern of change influencing the everyday life of the local people? Given the background, this paper has intended to  shed light on the history of Tribhuvan University in Kirtipur amidst resistance of the people, particularly on how the process of establishment of the university proceeded at the beginning and, in addition, the impacts on the society and the people of Kirtipur following the founding of a great institution in the history of Nepal. For this purpose, qualitative information has been generated from ethnographic interviews supplemented by focus group discussion guided by a check-list, mainly with the local senior citizen informants above 60 years of age who have witnessed the place and processes from decades. The study shows that the people who were reluctant to welcome the university because it forcefully purchased their land and they were compelled to shift from farming to non-farming occupation had lots of grievances and dissatisfaction with the government. However, over time the urbanization, expansion of market and emigration of the population have found to have brought various aspects of development regarding road and transportation, modern housing and settlement, growth in physical infrastructures associated with education, health and market. Now, people have realized the benefit directly and indirectly in their lives.
Atmospheric Turbidity Index on Pokhara
Authors: Shrestha Prakash M. , Gupta Suresh Pd. , Joshi Usha , Chapagain Narayan P. , Karki Indra B. , Poudyal Khem N.
Published: October 2023

Population growth, industrialization and other natural processes effects on air-pollution levels and climatic change. Atmospheric turbidity factors are an important parameter for assessing the air pollution. The main objective of this research is to study atmospheric turbidity factors on Pokhara (28.180° N, 83.970° E and 800 m asl), Nepal for a period of one year (2017). The daily data of aerosol optical depth (AOD) are derived from Aerosol Robotic Network (AERONET) of NASA. Daily, monthly and seasonal variation of atmospheric turbidity index are analyzed. The annual average of Angstrom exponential (α), Angstrom coefficient of turbidity (β) and Linked turbidity (LT) are found 1.2 ± 0.2, 0.19 ± 0.17 and 6.7 ± 3.4 respectively. The annual average of visibility is found 3.2 ± 2.5 km. Result of this research work is beneficial for the further identification, impact and analysis of atmospheric turbidity at different places with same geographical condition.
Historical Development of the epic Mahābhārata
Authors: Khatri Tilak Bahadur
Published: October 2023

This research article deals with the evolution of the epic Mahābhārata in the present form. The study has its relevance to understand the historical origin of the text so that the reader could able to probe its importance in the present context. The article addresses on the research problems concerning to the historicity of Mahābhārata war, the text's stages of development, its authorship and date of production. Is the Mahābhārata war historical or fictional? Is the text written at a timer it is an evolutionary text? Who wrote it and when was it written? The article seeks answers to the aforementioned research questions by applying the methodological tool of the Marxist concept of historical materialism. The study reveals that the Mahābhārata is found to be an evolutionary text and evolves to the present form in three stages. The scholars are not unanimous regarding to the historicity of Mahābhārata war, the text's authorship and its date of production.
नेपालमा सूचनाको हक र सूचना सदाचार
Authors: पौडेल Poudel श्रीराम Shreeram
Published: October 2023

नेपालमा सूचनाको हकको प्रचलन र अभ्यास क्रमशः फराकिलो हुँदै गएको सन्दर्भमा सूचना सदाचार (Information Integrity) चासोको विषय बनेको छ । एकातर्फ नागरिकले सूचना मागे वा नमागे पनि सार्वजनिक निकायले आफ्ना गतिविधि अध्यावधिक रुपमा स्वतः प्रकाशन गर्नुपर्ने सूचनाको हक सम्बन्धी कानुनले निर्दिष्ट गरेको प्रावधान सन्तोषजनक रुपमा कार्यान्वयन भएको पाइदैन । अर्कोतर्फ नागरिकले आफ्नो चासोको विषयमा माग गरेका सूचना सहज ढंगले प्राप्त गर्न सकेका छैनन् र प्राप्त गरेकै सूचनामा भर पर्न सकिने अवस्था छैन । यसबाट सूचनाको प्रदुषण बढ्नसक्ने जोखिम छ । प्रस्तुत आलेखमा नेपालमा सूचनाको हकको अभ्यास र सूचना सदाचारका आयाम बारे मामिला अध्ययन र व्याख्यात्मक विधि अपनाएर विश्लेषण गरिएको छ । एकातर्फ सार्वजनिक निकायहरुले समूचित रुपमा सूचना प्रवाह गर्न सकेका छैनन् भने अर्कोतर्फ मिथ्या वा प्रदुषित सूचनाको मात्रा बढ्दै जाँदा समाजमा नकारात्मक प्रभावबढ्दै गएको पाइएको छ ।
तराईका भूमिगत संगठनका मागहरू र सरकारको सम्वोधन
Authors: मिश्र Mishra विजयप्रसाद Bijayaprasad
Published: October 2023

मधेसी समुदायले मधेसीहरूको हकहितका लागि निर्वाचनमा भाग लिने गरी मधेस केन्द्रित राजनीतिक पार्टीहरूखोलेजस्तै भूमिगत रूपमा सशस्त्र आन्दोलन गर्नेगरी केही भूमिगत संगठनहरू वि.सं. २०५० सालदेखि वि.सं. २०६४सालसम्म पटक पटक खुलेका थिए । सप्तरीका जयकृष्ण गोइतले वि.सं. २०६१ साल साउन ११ गते तराई जनतान्त्रिकमुक्ति मोर्चा खोलेपछि मधेसमा भूमिगत सशस्त्र गतिविधि बढेको थियो । संविधानसभाको निर्वाचन हुनु अघिदेखि नैभूमिगत संगठनहरूले विज्ञप्ती जारी गरेर मागहरू प्रस्तुत गर्ने र सरकारले समेत बार्ताका लागि पत्रहरू पठाउने कामहरूगरिरहेको थियो । संविधानसभाको निर्वाचन पछि संविधानसभा नियमावली, २०७० को नियम ६५ को उपनियम (८)बमोजिम संवैधानिक राजनीतिक संवाद तथा सहमति समितिले ‘संविधानसभा बाहिर रहेका विभिन्न राजनीतिक दल तथा सरोकारवालाहरूसंग वार्ता गरी संविधान निर्माणमा सबैको सहयोग जुटाउनु पर्ने भन्ने उत्तरदायित्व र जिम्मेवारी पुरागर्न संवैधानिक– राजनीतिक संवाद तथा सहमति समितिले मिति २०७१ जेठ ८ गते गठित प्रारम्भिक वार्ता उपसमितिलेसो अनुरूप नेपाल सरकारका सहमति र सहकार्यमा विभिन्न समयमा विभिन्न राजनीतिक दल, सशस्त्र समूहहरूसंगबर्ता गर्दै आएको थियो । यो क्रम वि.सं. २०७५ सालमा सरकारले सांसद सोमप्रसाद पाण्डेको संयोजकत्वमा गठन गरेकोराजनीतिक वार्ता टोली, २०७५ले समेत पटक पटक बार्ताहरू गरेर संझौता गर्ने, कारागार, गृह प्रशासन लगायतलाई पत्रहरू पठाएर निर्णयहरू पठाउने र सुरक्षाको व्यवस्था मिलाउन भन्ने जस्ता कुराहरू गरेको थियो ।पटक पटक बार्तामा बसेर संझौताहरू गर्ने भूमिगत सशस्त्र संगठनहरूले हतियारहरू बुझाउने, आफ्नो सशस्त्रआन्दोलन त्याग्ने कामहरू गरेका भएपनि उनीहरूले आन्दोलनको समयमा उठाएका मागहरूलाई सम्बोधन गर्नुभन्दातत्काल भूमिगत संगठनका मानिसहरूलाई आन्दोलन रोक्न लगाउने र उनीहरूको बन्दी र लागेका मुद्दाहरू खारेज गर्नेआश्वासन सहितको सहमतिहरू भएको पाइन्छ । तर वि.सं. २०८० को भदौ मसान्तसम्म पनि बार्तामा भएकास हमतिहरू कार्यान्वय भएन भनेर सरकारसंग बार्ता गरिसकेका २७ वटा संगठनहरूले साझा रूपमा ‘सहमति कार्यान्वयसहयोग अभियान’ मार्फत सरकारलाई सहमति कार्यान्वयन गर्न दवाव दिइरहेका छन् । सहमतिहरू आंशिक रूपमा कार्यान्वयन भए पनि पूर्णरूपमा कार्यान्वयन भएका छैनन् । यसले मधेसमा पुनः सशस्त्र भूमिगत संगठनहरू सक्रिय हुनसक्ने सम्भावनाहरू बढेर गएको देखिन्छ ।
A Review on Saleem Dhobi’s Politics of Ethnicity in American Literature
Authors: Khan Najia
Published: October 2023

Not Available.
Comparative study of social skills among teenagers from nuclear and joint families of Bilaspur district
Authors: Sharma Ankita , Shukla Jayshree
Published: October 2023

Man is a social animal. He remains in the midst of society from birth till death, and man remains happy only as long as he finds another group similar to his interests, preferences and inclinations. The name of this mobility is adjustment. When a person does not appear happy in his society or in his group, it is a maladjustment of the behavior of that person or child. The present age is called the mechanical age. Being the mechanical age, human life has been affected as much as human education system has also been affected. In the present situation, there is a need to develop social skills so that a person can develop his personality organically. The presented research has been done to understand the difference in social skills of teenagers from nuclear and joint families of Bilaspur, in which five factors of social skills have been studied and analyzed through the established scale. Research has found that teenagers from joint families have more social skills than teenagers from nuclear families and this is helpful in their development.

Abstract in Hindi Language:

मनुष्य एक सामाजिक प्राणी है। वह जन्म से लेकर मृत्यु तक समाज के बीच में ही रहता है, और मानव तभी तक प्रसन्न रहता है, जब तक उसकी रूचि, पसंद और अभीवृत्तियों के समान दूसरा कोई समूह मिल जाता है। इसी गतिशीलता का नाम समायोजन है। जब कोई मनुष्य अपने समाज में या अपने समूह में प्रसन्न दिखाई नहीं देता है, तो यह उस व्यक्ति के या बालक के व्यवहार का कुसमायोजन है। वर्तमान युग मशीनी युग कहलाता है मशीनी युग होने के कारण कितना मानव के जीवन पर प्रभाव पड़ा है उतना ही मानव की शिक्षा प्रणाली पर भी प्रभाव पड़ा है। वर्तमान स्थिति में सामाजिक कौशल का विकास करने की आवश्यकता है जिससे व्यक्ति अपने व्यक्तित्व का संगठित रूप से विकास कर सके। प्रस्तुत शोध बिलासपुर के एकल एवं संयुक्त परिवार के किशोरों के सामाजिक कौशल में अंतर को समझने के लिए किया गया है जिसमें स्थापित मापनी के द्वारा सामाजिक कौशल के पांच कारकों का अध्ययन कर विश्लेषण किया गया है। शोध में पाया गया कि संयुक्त परिवार के किशोर में एकल परिवार के किशोर की तुलना में सामाजिक कौशल अधिक होता है और यह उसके विकास में सहायक होता है।

Keywords:  किशोरावस्था, सामाजिक कौशल, एकल परिवारं संयुक्त परिवार
USAGE OF METAPHORIC MEANS IN ADVERTISING TEXTS
Authors: Vusala Mammadova
Published: October 2023

In advertising text, metaphor often takes a dominant position: it affects the will and feelings of consumers, prompting them to act. With its help, only the necessary and positive properties and characteristics of the product or service, their merits, are updated, which makes it difficult for consumers to evaluate them objectively. Main points of view of Aristotle, and those of some modern linguists (Sklyarevskaya G.N., Richards A.A, Black M., Zaretskaya, Y.N., Kharchenko, V. K., etc.) of metaphors are investigated in this research. In this article, metaphorical models used in advertising are studied. Specialists identify fifteen functions of metaphor in advertising: nominative, informative, mnemonic, style-creating, text-creating, genre-creating, heuristic, explanatory, emotional-evaluative, ethical, automatic suggestion, coding, conspiratorial, playful, ritual. Together with the above-given features, metaphors are considerer to be “a fast and powerful means to convey an idea.”, and in advertisings they lead to- brightness of advertising image; the advertisement is easily understood by the recipient; identification through stereotypes; the speed of communication (short texts give faster and more information). So, metaphor is defined as a hidden comparison, carried out by applying the name of one object to another, and thus revealing some important feature of the other.
Possibilities of the environment of the modern school in the prevention of risk behavior in adolescents
Authors: Moskvina Elena Vladimirovna
Published: October 2023

The purpose of the article was to consider the possibilities of a modern school in the prevention of risky behavior of adolescents. The focus of the research seems relevant due to the fact that the scientific solution meets the urgent needs of the practice of organizing these activities and fills a certain gap in modern research in overcoming risky behaviors of the younger generation. Methods of comparative analysis of psychological and pedagogical scientific sources were used in the preparation of the material, theoretical analysis of monographic and dissertation materials, documentation on the problems of research using generalization, comparison, systematization and modeling was carried out. The article considers a possible field of prevention of risky behavior at school, which lies at the intersection of three components of the environment of an educational organization. These include motivational-value (formation of factors that stimulate subjects of prevention to obtain a predictable positive result), social-subjective (formation of factors that contribute to the formation and development of subjectivity of adolescents in academic, extracurricular, extracurricular work, additional education, self-government, amateur activity), actualization – creative (formation of factors of creative realization of a teenager, aimed at on the formation of the ability to constructive risk) components. As a result, the author came to the conclusion that it is possible to achieve the predicted result of prevention of risky behavior of adolescents using the capabilities of a modern school resulting from the creation and replenishment of its components.
The relationship between self-esteem and personality formation of adolescents prone to victimizing behavior
Authors: Bobchenko Tatiana Grigoryevna , Nefedova Alla Valerevna
Published: October 2023

The article considers the results of the study of self-esteem of adolescents prone to victim behavior. The relevance of the study is due to the increasing number of cases of victim behavior in adolescence and the emergence of its new forms, which determines the need for timely organization of preventive work with such students by an educational psychologist. The article highlights the provisions of domestic and foreign studies of self-esteem of adolescents prone to victim behavior, presents the results of empirical research conducted by the authors of the article. Its purpose was to establish the peculiarities of self-esteem of adolescents prone to victim behavior. The study used the method of testing and methods of mathematical statistics. The test subjects were 30 college students (males) aged 15–17 years old. The authors established the peculiarities of self-esteem of adolescents prone to victimization: insufficient differentiation, inconsistency, lower assessment of physical appearance and appearance and higher assessment of skills for labor paid activity.
In vitro trypsin inhibitory activities of some plant and fruit extracts and chemical compounds
Authors: İlhan Lale Ebru , Türkyılmaz İsmet Burcu , Yanardağ Refiye
Published: October 2023

Trypsin, an enzyme from the serine protease class, is known to be involved in the degradation of proteins. Excessive activity of trypsin is strongly implicated in triggering many diseases, such as acute pancreatitis, inflammation, and tumour. Therefore, this enzyme's regular and balanced activity is necessary for normal physiological functions. Thus, there is a need to develop new trypsin inhibitors from natural sources and chemical compounds. In this study, the inhibitory effects of aqueous extracts prepared from 29 different plants and 10 different chemical compounds were investigated on the activity of trypsin due to its importance in the health sector. The present study's plant extracts and chemical compounds showed trypsin-inhibitory effects. The inhibitory activities of the extracts and chemical compounds increased in a dose-dependent manner. Several plant extracts and chemical compounds that showed high trypsin inhibitory activities may be appropriate for use as trypsin inhibitors to provide additional support to drug treatment in the health field.
Clinical significance of binge eating behavior in Turkish women who applied to a dietician: A research on hedonic hunger, nutritional status and dietary habits
Authors: Bakırhan Hande
Published: October 2023

It is conducted to detect binge eating disorder in women who apply to a dietitian and to examine its relationship with hedonic hunger and obesity. This study was conducted with 400 adult women aged 19-50 years. Bulimic Investigatory Test Edinburgh was used to examine binge eating disorder, and The Power of Food Scale was used to determine hedonic hunger status. 25.2% of the participants had binge eating disorder and 74.7% had hedonic hunger. While most women with binge eating disorder (87.0%) have hedonic hunger, women without binge eating disorder have a significantly lower body mass index (25.3 ±5.12 kg/m2 vs 27.0±5.46 kg/m2, p=0.005). It was found that women with binge eating disorder diet more frequently (87.1% vs. 41.8%), have more appetite (78.2% vs. 29.8%), and have more irregular meals than those without binge eating disorder (68.3% vs. 41.3% (p=0.001). While 64.3% of women without binge eating disorder consume processed/packaged products less than once in 15 days, 57.5% consume more than 1-4 times a week (p=0.007). Binge eating disorder positively and significantly correlated with hedonic hunger and body mass index (r=0.522, p=0.001; r=0.234, p=0.001, respectively). Binge eating disorder is an important factor in the nutritional status and food preference of women who apply to a dietitian.
Microbiological quality of some fresh wild edible mushrooms
Authors: Öncül Nilgün , Çiftçi Mehtap
Published: October 2023

Fresh mushrooms are an ideal medium for microbial growth because they have high moisture content and a neutral pH. Mushrooms are hand-harvested and exposed to ambient conditions until commercialised in many cases. These characteristics limit their post-harvest shelf life to a few days. Unlike other fresh products, the studies on the microbiological profile of fresh mushrooms are limited. In public, Lactarius species are known as "çıntar, melki, kanlıca, termite, menne specifically used in Türkiye. These mushrooms usually grow naturally during the autumn. They are collected by locals and sold in public markets and along the roadside. In this study, the microbiological quality of wild edible Lactarius species sold in local marketplaces in the province of Muğla was determined. The results are in the ranges 6.10-8.83 log CFU/g for total mesophilic aerobic bacteria, <1.00-5.57 log CFU/g for lactic acid bacteria, 3.10-7.76 log CFU/g for total yeast, <1.00-3.93 log CFU/g for total mould, <1.00-4.74 log CFU/g for Staphylococcus aureus, <0.30-5.07 log MPN/g for total coliform and <0.30-5.07 log MPN/g for faecal coliform. The samples' pH and titratable acidity values were 6.82-7.54 and 0.005-0.020%, respectively.
Formation of melanoidins in foods and effects on health
Authors: Karagöl Gülbin , Rakıcıoğlu Neslişah
Published: October 2023

Melanoidins are brown, high molecular weight compounds generated in the late stages of the Maillard reaction from reducing sugars and proteins or amino acids during thermal food processing. The primary source of melanoidin is bread and bakery products in the diet. Although the chemical structures of melanoidins are not precisely known, the daily dietary intake is estimated at approximately 10 g. Melanoidins exist as monosaccharides (coffee, beer, and cocoa) and melanoproteins (bread and bakery products), depending on the food composition they form. The formation of melanoidins in foods depends on conditions such as composition of products, heat treatment time and temperature, pH, water and activity of reactants. Melanoidins have many beneficial effects on health, such as prebiotic, antioxidant, antimicrobial, anticarcinogenic, antihypertensive, xenobiotic enzyme activity, appetite regulation, and energy intake. In the gastrointestinal tract, melanoidins behave as dietary fibre by promoting the growth of bifidobacteria. In addition, melanoidins can preserve the quality of food by contributing to the texture and flavour of food. This review examines the formation, amount of food, mechanism of action and effects on human health of melanoidins.
STRATEGI DINAS PERINDUSTRIAN DAN PERDAGANGAN KOTA MEDAN DALAM PERKEMBANGAN PRODUK EKSPOR
Authors: SAVITRI DHEA
Published: October 2023

ABSTRAKPeneitian ini menganalisis strategi Dinas Perindustrian Dan Perdagangan Kota Medan dalam pengembangan produk ekspor. Dari data BPS (Badan Pusat Statistik) pada Desember 2021 dimana ekspor di Sumatera Utara mengalami kenaikan yaitu sebesar 14,96 persen. sedangkan impor di Sumatera Utara mengalami penurunan sebesar 15,63 persen. Kelompok barang ekspor yang mengalami kenaikan yaitu golongan lemak dan minyak hewani atau nabati sebesar 29,80 persen.Kata Kunci      : Pengertian Eskpor, Pentingnya Perdagangan Internasional, Tujuan Eskpor.
Frontiers of the Roman Empire: The Hinterland of Hadrian̕s Wall
Authors: David J. Breeze
Published: October 2023

The frontiers of the Roman Empire together form the largest monument of one of the world’s greatest ancient states. They stretch for some 7,500 km through 20 countries which encircle the Mediterranean Sea. The remains of these frontiers have been studied by visitors and later by archaeologists for several centuries. Many of the inscriptions and sculptures, weapons, pottery and artefacts created and used by the soldiers and civilians who lived on the frontier can be seen in museums. Equally evocative of the lost might of Rome are the physical remains of the frontiers themselves. The aim of this series of books is not only to inform the interested visitor about the history of the frontiers but to act as a guidebook as well. In this important and beautifully illustrated book, David Breeze elucidates the context of the most famous frontier, Hadrian’s Wall. The zone to north and south of the Wall was a heavily militarised landscape of roads, bridges, forts, fortlets and towers, but also the towns, settlements and supply infrastructure on which the army depended. As the invaluable gazetteer shows, the area is now rich in superb sites and museums, allowing modern people countless rich insights into the world of the soldiers and civilians of the period.
Arqueología computacional del territorio. Métodos y técnicas para estudiar decisiones humanas en paisajes pretéritos
Authors: Miguel Carrero-Pazos
Published: October 2023

Current archaeological practices are now fully immersed in the computing and digital era. This process, common to all sciences, is leading to an important methodological renewal of the discipline, materialising in the emergence of new lines of research with a promising future, and computational methods are playing a key role in this panorama. Remote sensing studies, the use of drones, LiDAR data, virtual reconstructions or modern statistical simulation techniques are, amongst others, research fields that require the use of computing science.

Arqueología computacional del territorio aims to describe some of the current analytical approaches to model past cultural landscapes, their evolution, and their relationship with the human societies that inhabited them. To this end, the use of Geographic Information Systems and spatial statistics is proposed, using territorial and landscape archaeology as a theoretical framework.

The research that follows is articulated around the use of open-source software and, specifically, R Statistics, a programming language that is gradually becoming one of the most important tools in archaeological research. Its use allows for transparent, accessible, and reproducible research while promoting interdisciplinarity and a real democratization of scientific knowledge.
The medieval rural settlement in Bassa Romagna: a first predictive model and future directions
Authors: Michele Abballe
Published: October 2023

The paper presented here is an extraction of my MA dissertation and falls within the landscape project Bassa Romandiola. Considering the biases present in the dataset at disposal, predictive modelling has been chosen as a methodology potentially useful to gain more information about the medieval settlement patterns of the area. Both environmental and “socio-cultural” variables have been considered, to make the most of the data available. A first predictive map has been created using the Dempster-Shafer theory and possible future directions highlighted to improve the result obtained.
Review of: Fabio Remondino and Stefano Campana. eds. 2014. “3D Recording and Modelling in Archaeology and Cultural Heritage: Theory and best practices”. BAR International Series 2598. Oxford: BAR
Authors: Annalisa Pietrobelli
Published: October 2023

Fabio Remondino and Stefano Campana. eds. 2014. 3D Recording and Modelling in Archaeology and Cultural Heritage: Theory and best practices. BAR International Series 2598. Oxford: BAR.
Review of: Barbara Sassi. 2017. “DYRRACHIUM III. Storia e archeologia di una città portuale tra Oriente e Occidente”
Authors: Enrico Giorgi
Published: October 2023

Barbara Sassi. 2017. DYRRACHIUM III. Storia e archeologia di una città portuale tra Oriente e Occidente, Bari: Edipuglia.
Review of: Carlotta Franceschelli, Pier Luigi Dall’Aglio, Laurent Lamoine (eds). 2017. “Spazi pubblici e dimensione politica nella città romana: funzioni, strutture, utilizzazione”. Bologna: Bononia University Press
Authors: Gaia Roversi
Published: October 2023

Spazi pubblici e dimensione politica nella città romana: funzioni, strutture, utilizzazione (Public Spaces and political dimensions in the Roman city: functions, structures, use) is the final product of two international meetings which took place between March and October 2015, the first in Clermont-Ferrand, the last in Bologna. The meetings’ main topic was public life and political administration in Western Roman cities. The aim of the encounters was to attempt a multidisciplinary approach to the research on public urban spaces. For that purpose, two basic lines of study were followed. One is related to the school of ancient topography of Bologna University, which can claim great scholars like Arturo Solari, Nereo Alfieri and Guido Achille Mansuelli, while the other, more historical, is linked to the Clermont-Ferrand University tradition and the research program led by Mareille Cébeillac-Gervasoni, to whose memory the book is dedicated.
Review of: Michele Silani, 2017. “Città e territorio: la formazione della città romana nell’ager Gallicus”
Authors: Frank Vermeulen
Published: October 2023

This well written study on the formation of Roman towns in northern Marche, is crucial for our understanding of the colonisation and rule by Rome of the so-called ager Gallicus, between the conquest in 295 BC and the reign of Augustus. As I have underlined in a recent volume that approaches the same subject for the somewhat wider central Adriatic region of Italy (F. Vermeulen, From the Mountains to the Sea.
The sanctuary of Apollo in Pompeii: new geophysical and archaeological investigations
Authors: Federica Boschi  , Carlo Rescigno
Published: October 2023

The paper discusses recent and integrated investigations in the Sanctuary of Apollo in Pompeii, which contribute to the overall understanding of the diachronic evolution of this sacred place, from the archaic period to the eruption of AD 79. High-resolution geophysical surveys have been interpreted in comparison with a new reading of the publication of Maiuri’s excavations and the most recent excavations. The latest research offers significant additional information, not only on the constructive episodes of the architectural complex and the urban landscape in which it is inserted, but also on aspects related to the cult of Apollo and the associated rituality.
Approaching Skyscape Archaeology: A Note on Method and Fieldwork for the Case Study of Pompeii
Authors: Ilaria Cristofaro  , Michele Silani
Published: October 2023

The urban layout of Pompeii presents several orientations, possibly due to an uneven bare ground plateau. However, its main east-west axes have the same orientation of Herculaneum ones, suggesting that not only geomorphological constrains acted as topographical factors. Starting from a hypothesis by Nissen (1906), the method of skyscape archaeology was applied to Pompeii urban grid and temples, testing digital models with fieldwork measurements. The results show that the main east-west axes aligned with the rising summer solstice sun above the local horizon. Furthermore, the Doric Temple was oriented with the sunset on the same time of the year, suggesting an intentional design.
Chemical sensors based on photonic colloidal crystals
Authors: Kozlov A. A. , Aksenov A. S. , Dvoretsky V. A. , Flid V. R.
Published: October 2023

Objectives. The paper analyzes the results of research into the formation of photonic crystal structures from polymer microspheres and the mechanisms of spectral shifts during selective reflection of non-monochromatic incident radiation from them in the visible and infrared light, as well as the use of polymer microspheres as sensors for detecting chemical substances having similar structures.

Results. Research carried out at the Ya.K. Syrkin Department of Physical Chemistry in the Institute of Fine Chemical Technologies of the RTU MIREA is presented. Issues related to the detection of substances with similar chemical structure using sensors based on photonic crystals made of polystyrene microspheres 160–300 nm in size, are considered. Spectral shifts of the reflected radiation from the crystal surface are registered in the visible spectrum when substances in the liquid or gas phase are detected by the crystal surface.

Conclusions. The method of electrophoretic deposition of colloidal particles in the form of polymeric microspheres on conducting surfaces can be used to create ordered structures over large areas. However, the detection of individual compounds by the optical method is impossible without controlling the kinetics of spectral shifts of reflected radiation from the surface of photonic colloidal crystals. The spectral characteristics of such radiation are directly related to the particle sizes that determine the period of the crystal lattice. The diffusion of chemical substances into a photonic crystal, which results in a swelling of the particles forming it and a shift in the spectrum of reflected radiation, is determined by a change in the period of the crystal lattice due to a change in the size of these particles A kinetic model of swelling polymer microspheres, which describes the diffusion of substances into porous polymer particles, is proposed. An excess amount of substance deposited on the surface of a photonic crystal above the limit is shown to lead to its degradation, which is manifested in the “fading” of the crystal surface and the concomitant disappearance of narrow peaks of reflected radiation.
Effect of Various Solvents Extraction on the Antioxidant and Aldose Reductase Inhibition Activities of the Tamarind Leaves (Tamarindus indica L.)
Authors:   Laboratory of Foods and Nutrition, P. G. Department of Home Science, Sardar Patel University, Vallabh Vidhyanagar, Gujarat, India., Dalwadi Khushbu , Patel V.H. ,   Laboratory of Foods and Nutrition, P. G. Department of Home Science, Sardar Patel University, Vallabh Vidhyanagar, Gujarat, India.
Published: October 2023

Diabetes and its complications are major causes of illness and death all over the world. Present study aimed to evaluate the effect of varying polarity solvents on the extraction of tamarind leaves antioxidant polyphenols and in vitro aldose reductase inhibition. In all the extracts, total phenol, total flavonoids, antioxidant activities, and in vitro aldose reductase inhibition activity were measured. Distilled water extract had the highest phenolic content, flavonoid content, DPPH-RSA, ABTS-RSA, and aldose reductase inhibition among all the extracts while the aqueous methanol extract showed the highest FRAP value among all the extracts. A positive Pearson’s correlation existed between total polyphenol content and antioxidant activities. Significant Pearson’s correlation was found between aldose reductase and polyphenol compounds. Overall, distilled water was the most effective solvent for polyphenol extraction and had the highest aldose reductase inhibition of all the tamarind leaves solvents. Thus, tamarind leaves can be used as nutraceuticals to show beneficial effects to minimize diabetic secondary complications.
Natural Gum and Resin Bearing Plant Taxa in Telangana, India: A Qualitative Method of Data Collection
Authors:   Centre for Floristic & Ethnobotanical Studies, Department of Botany, Vaagdevi Degree & PG College, Hanamkonda, Telangana, India., Suthari Sateesh , Kanneboyena Omkar ,   Department of Botany, Kakatiya Government College, Hanamkonda, Telangana, India., Kiran E. ,   Department of Botany, Telangana University, Nizamabad, Telangana, India., Naidu M. Tarakeswara ,   Department of Botany, Andhra University, Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh, India., Ramana Rao Avire ,   Department of Botany, Kakatiya Government College, Hanamkonda, Telangana, India., Nallella Sreeramulu ,   Department of Botany, Kakatiya Mahila Degree & PG College, Hanamkonda, Telangana, India.
Published: October 2023

Natural resins, gums (NRGs) are the most extensively used and traded non-timber forest products (NTFPs) other than directly consumed products. The present field-based study reports the natural gum, resin and gum-resin yielding plants and the specific parts from which the products extract from plants by local people in Telangana, India. The result of the present report reveals ninety plant taxa belong to 63 genera and 23 families that predominated by Fabaceae with 36 plant taxa, followed by Malvaceae (12 spp.), Combretaceae, Anacardiaceae and Rubiaceae (5 spp. each), Arecaceae (Palmae) (4 spp.), and about thirteen families with single species each. Telangana is one of the most important contributors and collectors of NRGs from Firmiana simplex, Anogeissus latifolia, Cochlospermum religiosum and Boswellia serrata in India to generate maximum commerce. The present study outcome can be used by policy makers, scientific community, forest authorities and local people for bio-discovery of plant-based gums and resins sustainably.
A Review on Phytochemical and Pharmacological Activities of Callistemon viminalis
Authors:   School of Pharmacy, Sri Satya Sai University of Technology and Medical Sciences, Sehore (M.P.), India., Namdeo Priyanka , K Sharma Hemant ,   School of Pharmacy, Sri Satya Sai University of Technology and Medical Sciences, Sehore (M.P.), India.
Published: October 2023

Callistemon viminalis belongs to the family Myrtaceae and also known as bottlebrush which is or found throughout in India. It has a remarkable place in Ayurvedic medicine of India, due to presence of phytoconstituents and pharmacological activities. Callistemon species as a farm tree are planted for forestry or ornamental purposes and for weed as well. In traditional Chinese medicines, C. viminalis is used for treating hemorrhoids. Hot drink locally ‘tea’ in Jamaica from C. viminalis has been used for the treatment of gastroenteritis, diarrhea and skin infections. The phytochemical research carried out on C. viminalis extracts and showed that the plant is rich in phenolics, triterpenoids, flavonoids, saponins, steroids, alkaloids, tannin, carbohydrates, amino acids and proteins compounds. The investigated pharmacological studies reported the presence of anti-inflammatory, Alzheimer, hemolytic activity, anthelmintic, anti-oxidant property, anti-bacterial, antifungal and hepatoprotective activities in C. viminalis.
Conservation and Large Scale Propagation of a Valuable Ornamental Aquatic Plant, Echinodorus argentinensis Rataj through Micropropagation
Authors:   Post Graduate Department of Botany, Sree Narayana College, Cherthala, Alappuzha district, Kerala, India., George E Sheeja , Joseph Aneykutty ,   Department of Marine Biology, Microbiology, Biochemistry, School of Marine Sciences, Cochin University of Science & Technology, Fine Arts Avenue, Kochi, Kerala, India., Korath Alphy ,   School of Management & Entrepreneurship, Kerala University of Fisheries and Ocean Studies, Panangad, Kochi, Kerala, India.
Published: October 2023

A protocol was standardized for large scale propagation through multiple shoot proliferation from the basal buds of Echinodorus argentinensis, an ornamental aquatic plant. Explants were treated for 15 minutes with commercial bleach (containing 0.825% Sodium hypochlorite as active ingredient) which was diluted with distilled water to a concentration of 15%; and were then dipped for a second in 100% ethanol to obtain axenic cultures. The axenic basal buds initiated shoot formation within a week when cultured on full strength Murashige & Skoog medium (MS medium) supplemented with 1.0 mg/l 6-Benzylaminopurine (BAP). Number of shoots produced per explant was maximum (2.5672 shoots per explant p< 0.05) on MS medium supplemented with 1.0 mg/l BAP. Shoots were elongated considerably in all the media tried for shoot multiplication and maximum elongation (2.87 cm, p< 0.05) of the in vitro developed shoots was observed on MS medium supplemented with 1.0 mg/l BAP in combination with 0.1 mg/l Naphthalene acetic acid (NAA). Root regeneration was observed on all the shoot regeneration media and the highest number of roots/shoot (3.4568 roots per shoot) was obtained on MS medium devoid of any kind of plant growth regulators. The plantlets developed in vitro were subjected to acclimatization procedure and were finally planted in the aquarium. The protocol is ready for commercialization.
Invitro and Mass Multiplication of Cymbidium mastersii an Ornamental Orchid through Protocorm-like Body Formation
Authors:   Department of Botany and Food & Nutrition, RBVRR Women’s College, Narayanaguda, Hyderabad, Telangana, India., Kavitha A. , Rajani A. ,   Department of Botany and Food & Nutrition, RBVRR Women’s College, Narayanaguda, Hyderabad, Telangana, India.
Published: October 2023

The epiphytic orchid species known as Cymbidium mastersii can only be found in the region of India known as Northeast India. The preservation of wild populations faces a significant obstacle in the form of a significant threat when it comes to the necessity of obtaining an additional source of the material required to fulfil commercial demands. The objective of this research was to build an in vitro system for the bulk multiplication of C. mastersii, and it was successful in that endeavour. This required the capacity to control the growth of the seedlings through the development of the primary protocorm and germination from a limited number of fruit capsules. Also necessary was the ability to limit the amount of fruit capsules that could be used. Each protocorm resulted in the production of a number of robust plantlings that, once they had been separated from their mother plant, flourished in the conditions of the greenhouse. The child plants, in terms of both their size and the development they underwent, were genetically identical to their parent plant. The streamlined process will make it possible to cultivate Cymbidium mastersii for use in the commercial sector, which will reduce the negative influence on remaining viable wild populations. We offer here for the very first time a method of producing C. mastersii on a commercial scale that makes use of bioreactor technology.
Barium Promoted Seed Germination and Seedling Growth of Higher Plants in Solution Culture
Authors:   Stress Physiology Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Rajasthan. Jaipur, India., Kumar Choudhary Lokesh , Kumar A.
Published: October 2023

The effects of various concentrations of barium (Ba) on seed germination and early seedling growth of wheat and mung bean were studied. Ba influenced the seedling growth of wheat and mung bean in similar fashion. Ba enhanced the germination relative index at lower concentration (upto 10 μg ml-1). The relative yield of biomass increased at lower doses of Ba and decreased at higher concentration (>100 μg ml-1). Lower applied doses of Ba showed a maximum index of tolerance while higher applied doses of metal showed a toxic effect on plant growth. The toxic effect of barium on mung bean was more marked than on wheat.
Hepatoprotective Plants used in Ayurveda System- A Review
Authors:   Research Scholar, Department of Studies in Biotechnology, Shivagangotri, Davangere University, Davangere., S.T Jyothi , M.H Niranjan ,   Associate Professor, Department of Studies in Biotechnology, Shivagangotri, Davangere University, Davangere.
Published: October 2023

Liver is an essential organ of our body. Bile secretion, detoxification, metabolism of fat and carbohydrates, storage of proteins, vitamins, iron and glycogen are the vital functions of the liver. Liver involves the biochemical pathways like supply of nutrients, growth, reproduction and production of energy. Liver injury is caused by certain antibiotics, carbontetrachloride, chemotherapeutic agents, thioacetamide, chronic alcohol consumption, antitubercular drugs, autoimmune diseases and microbes. Corticosteroid and immunosuppressive agents are used as drugs but they have adverse effects. Though these are developments in allopathy, there is no effective medicine that enhances hepatic function and protects liver. In Ayurveda system, plant materials have been used to protect liver injuries. Herbal medicines have gained popularity because they are easily available, safe, efficient and cost effective. The current research work laid down avenues to the production of novel herbal medicines for jaundice and reports the work on Ayurveda plants that have been proved and tested in hepatotoxicity.
Exploring the Synergistic Approach of Dual GLP-1 Agonist with Degludec Basal Insulin for Type 1 Diabetes Treatment for Albumin-InsulinProducing Cells Expression
Authors: Ahmed Amr , Akl Maher M.
Published: October 2023

This manuscript explores various aspects related to the use of dual GLP-1 agonist with degludec basal insulin as a potential treatment approach for type 1 diabetes. The background section highlights the destruction of beta cells in type 1 diabetes and the emergence of GLP-1 agonists as a promising option for managing obesity and type 2 diabetes. The authors discuss a retrospective analysis of the efficacy of semaglutide, a GLP-1 agonist, in patients with newly diagnosed type 1 diabetes. The results show the elimination of prandial and basal insulin, increased C-peptide levels, and improved glycemic control. However, the study's retrospective nature and lack of a control group emphasize the need for larger prospective trials. The interpretation section highlights the potential of GLP-1 agonists in protecting residual beta cells, stimulating cell proliferation, and reprogramming liver cells into insulin-producing cells. Moreover, modifying GLP-1 agonists with albumin ligands shows promise in extending their half-life and enhancing their anti-diabetic effects. The perspective section provides a comprehensive overview of the synergistic approach, considering the pharmacokinetic properties of degludec, the plasticity of adult human hepatic tissue, and the benefits of modified GLP-1 derivatives. The conclusion emphasizes the need for further research to explore the full potential of this approach in type 1 diabetes treatment. The manuscript is planned to undergo clinical trials in 2024, registered as 'Amr Ahmed, Maher M. Akl, Semaglutide GLP1 Agonists with Degludec Basal-bolus Insulin in Early Type 1 Diabetes to Basal-bolus' with CLINICALTRIALS.GOV IDENTIFIER NCT06057077.