bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Leakages and Scaling in Stainless Steel Heat Exchangers
Authors: Marjanowski Jan
Published: February 2022

The purpose of the article is to explain causes of non-corrosive and corrosive leaks in heat exchangers (HE) during standard exploitation as well as to present prevention measures to eliminate dangerous clogging by scaling and corrosion. The heat exchangers are made of Cr-Ni austenitic steels, belonging to the group of steels resistant to corrosion, called commonly stainless steels. The author of the article has over 40 years of practical experience in the areas of water treatment, corrosion and leaks prevention, as well as heat exchangers chemical cleaning. This part of the article focuses on various cases of heat exchanger leakages, while part two is a compendium on correct selection of technologies and chemicals for removal of scales from polluted heat exchangers. One will not find in the paper neither HE producer name nor industrial chemical cleaning formulas. The present paper describes reasons of leakages, examples of stainless steel HE corrosion and general characteristic of scales within HE.
Zwanzig Theory Application for Bromide and Iodide Ions in Pure Solvents at 25°C
Authors: El-Hammamy Nasr H. , Daghash Marwa A. , Kawana Aida I.
Published: February 2022

The Zwanzig theory of dielectric friction has been applied to trimethylsulfonium ion, bromide and iodide ions in different solvents at 25°C. The radius values which obtained from the slope (hydrated radius) and that one which obtained from the intercept (hydrodynamic radius) were calculated and the reason for such difference discussed on the basis of the assumptions of Zwanzig theory.
Optimal Allocation of Photovoltaic Based and DSTATCOM in a Distribution Network under Multi Load Levels
Authors: Mohamed Montaser Abd El Sattar , Mohammed Adel A. Elbaset , Abd Elhamed Amal Mohamed , Hessean Mohamed Ebeed
Published: February 2022

In this paper, the optimal sitting and sizing of photovoltaic (PV) based distributed generator (DG) and distribution static synchronous compensator (DSTATCOM) are assigned separately and simultaneously under multi-load levels in radial distribution grid. Grey wolf optimizer (GWO) is an efficient optimization technique which is applied for solving the allocation problem of PV based DG and DSTATCOM in standard IEEE 85 bus distribution system. Six load levels are considered including 25%, 50%, 75%, 100%, 125 % and 150% of rated loading for power loss minimization. Encourage results are obtained with inclusion of PV based DG or DSTATCOM in addition of that the superior case are captured with inclusion of PV units along with DSTATCOM in terms of the power losses minimization. Moreover, the simulation results verify the applicability and efficiency of GWO technique for solving the allocation problem of PV and DTSTACOM
Implementation of a RFID Technology-Based Automatic Traceability System for Industry 4.0
Authors: Da Costa Cesar , G. Vastag Rafael , De Campos Milena M.
Published: February 2022

One of the main problems encountered in production processes is data acquisition on the factory floor. With the increase in production complexity, the amount of data to be collected increases. Currently, data are collected both manually and automatically. The manual collection involves documentation in a folder and storing in a separate room. However, there are other types of data that are automatically recorded into an information system. The data are registered and processed in different systems, which depend on the production stage in which the data are collected. The evolution of wireless technologies, such as wireless local area networks, sensor networks, and radiofrequency identification (RFID) systems, has favored the creation of mobile services related to the ??computing aspect. Therefore, this paper presents a model of the implementation of an electronic identification system based on RFID technology, for application in automatic traceability of products in a didactic manufacturing cell installed in the programmable logic controller (PLC) network laboratory of the São Paulo Institute, Brazil.
Effect of the Presence of Ferric Iron in Water used for the Production of Concrete on Its Compressive Strength
Authors: John A. T. , Orumu Solomon Teminusi , Nelson T. A.
Published: February 2022

This study examined the effect of ferric iron inherent in mixing water on the compressive strength of concrete. Portland Limestone Cement was considered in the production of the 150mm concrete cube samples. Dirt free river sand and crushed stone with maximum size of 14mm was used as fine and coarse aggregate respectively. The water samples used for the study were sourced from the following locations as stated: Sample 1: Niger Delta University Portable water at Niger Delta University Campus, Wilberforce Island (labelled P1). Sample2: Raw water from borehole at Niger Delta University Campus, Wilberforce Island and allowed to oxidized about 3 hours. Sample 3: Raw water from borehole at Amassoma in southern Ijaw Local Area, Bayelsa state and allowed to oxidized for about 3 hours. Sample 4: Oxidized water from Ogobiri in Sagbama Local Area, Bayelsa state. Sample 5: Oxidized water from Azikoro in Yenagoa Local Area, Bayelsa state. 150mm x 150mm concrete cubes samples were prepared with the various water samples stated above. A mix ratio of 1:11/2:3 was used for this experimental study. The samples were cured in accordance with BS EN 12390-2. Compressive strength values were determined for all specimens by means of a compression testing machine.  Samples were tested to failure at 7, 14, 21 and 28days. The concrete compressive strengths test results for 7, 14, 21, and 28 days for sample 1 was 24.22 N/mm2, 27.63 N/mm2, 34.04 N/mm2 and 34.59N/mm2.  For sample 2 was 18.79 N/mm2, 23.55 N/mm2, 27.30 N/mm2 and 28.59N/mm2, for sample 3 was 21.12 N/mm2, 22.81 N/mm2, 25.19 N/mm2 and 26.56N/mm2, for sample 4 was 19.80N/mm2, 22.71N/mm2, 26.80N/mm2 and 27.40N/mm2and for sample was 20.89N/mm2, 21.88 N/mm2, 26.20 N/mm2 and 27.30N/mm2respectively. The test results, show a noticeable decrease in compressive strength of concrete cubes cast with water that contained ferric iron when compared with water free from ferric iron. It was concluded that Ferric iron as impurities in mixing water have significant effect on the strength of concrete.
Assessing the Sustainable Development of Vietnam's Tourism Industry
Authors: Phuong Nguyen Hoang
Published: February 2022

Sustainable development is one of the world's millennium goals and is also a prime target for Vietnam's development. In our country, the concept of sustainable development has been approached since the 1980s, confirmed in the socio-economic development process of the country from 1991 to 2000, by Directive 36 of the Politburo on strengthening environmental protection during the period of national industrialization and modernization. At the same time, it is also affirmed through the guidelines through the National Party Congress thirteenth, XI, and XII, to become important orientations for industries, including the tourism industry. The article presents the principles of sustainable development and sustainable tourism, which is an important basis for the next steps of Vietnam Tourism. At the same time, the authors make assessments about the current level of development of Vietnam's tourism industry in order to achieve sustainable development of the tourism industry.
Biomass Energy and the Benefits It Brings
Authors: Nguyet Do Thi , Hoa Phan Thi Thuy , Chau Pham Minh
Published: February 2022

According to fast and strong the development of economy, social. The people increasingly needed big energy resources that serve for life. However, the main sources of energy present base on the fossil. This is energy that cannot regenerative. Therefore, there are many ideas, applications about using energy efficiently. Beside some renewable energy was created, Biomass energy is the type of energy that the people use it a long time in different kinds. In the current world, many types of biomass energy have used but the question “How to use biomass energy efficiently and reasonably” still hard question and this question need to be researched carefully.
Potential Application of Biofuel Fuel On the Marine Diesel Engines in Vietnam
Authors: Vu Minh Thai , Le Van Vang , Le Huu Cuong
Published: February 2022

Energy in the transportation sector has become a hot issue all over the world because it can affect the energy security of nations. Finding a new type of energy to replace fossil energy is a top concern of many countries, including biofuels. Over the past two decades, there have been many studies on the use of biodiesel and its mix for diesel engines, the results are very positive. In Vietnam, there have also been studies on the use of biodiesel and its mixes on road transport vehicles. However, in the field of waterway transport, there has not been any specific research. Through a comprehensive synthesis of the application situation and research directions in the world, as well as the ability to produce biodiesel in Vietnam, the article wishes to create a premise to develop more research to find develop new technology solutions to apply clean fuels, especially biofuels on the domestic fleet, in line with the development trend of the world on the use of biodiesel fuel.
Study Influences the Jatropha-Diesel Mixing Ratio to the Formation of Soot Emissions in Diesel Exhaust Gases
Authors: Nguyen Van Quy , Le Huu Cuong
Published: February 2022

To cope with the depletion of fossil fuels and the threat of exhaust pollution from internal combustion engines, research finds alternative fuels. Step by step to completely replace fossil fuels that will be exhausted in the future and environmentally friendly due to internal combustion engines is an urgent and important issue. Diversify fuel sources used for internal combustion engines and environmentally friendly when using Jatropha - Diesel fuel mixture. The paper focuses on studying the ability to use biodiesel derived from Jatropha seeds with the volume ratios of 5%, 10% and 15% on experimental engines. Thereby, it will analyze and evaluate the technical features and pollution levels of engines compared to pure fuels. Experimental study assessing the effect of Jatropha - Diesel mixing ratio on the emission formation compared with emissions in Vikyno EV2600 engines.
Potential Application of Biofuel Fuel on the Marine Diesel Engines in Vietnam
Authors: Vu Minh Thai , Le Huu Cuong
Published: February 2022

Energy in the transportation sector has become a hot issue all over the world because it can affect the energy security of nations. Finding a new type of energy to replace fossil energy is a top concern of many countries, including biofuels. Over the past two decades, there have been many studies on the use of biodiesel and its mix for diesel engines, the results are very positive. In Vietnam, there have also been studies on the use of biodiesel and its mixes on road transport vehicles. However, in the field of waterway transport, there has not been any specific research. Through a comprehensive synthesis of the application situation and research directions in the world, as well as the ability to produce biodiesel in Vietnam, the article wishes to create a premise to develop more research to find develop new technology solutions to apply clean fuels, especially biofuels on the domestic fleet, in line with the development trend of the world on the use of biodiesel fuel.
GIS Techniques based mapping of effect rainfall on Groundwater level depth in Huzur Tehsil, Bhopal District, Madhya Pradesh, India
Authors: Shukla Vimal , Sarup Jyoti
Published: February 2022

Huzur Tehsil, District, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh has been become facing the problem of groundwater availability in recent times. Water is very important for the sustained use of natural resources and is vital for the existence of humans. Groundwater is used for a different variety of purposes, including irrigation, drinking, and manufacturing. Spatial variations in groundwater level in the area of Huzur, Tehsil, Madhya Pradesh, Bhopal District, India, have been studied using geographic information system (GIS) technique. GIS, a tool that is used for storing, analyzing and displaying spatial data is also used for investigating groundwater level information.   The study of Huzur Tehsil, District Bhopal evaluates and analysis the groundwater level fluctuation using the annual rainfall data (Period 1996 to 2017), and groundwater level depth data (1996 to 2017).  We are observed and collected the 350 bore well in Huzur tehsil District Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh. Water level depth of the 350 observation wells between (Pre - Post monsoon and monsoon time) over the area indicates the net changes in the groundwater within the Huzur, Tehsil, Madhya Pradesh, Bhopal District. Using a GIS spatial interpolation technique and generate the map.
Load-Settlement Characteristics of Tropical Red Soils of Southern Nigeria
Authors: Nwokediuko Nkechinyere M. , Ogirigbo Okiemute Roland , Inerhunwa Iziengbe
Published: February 2022

This study investigated the relationship between the load-settlement curves obtained from field (in situ) plate load test under static loading conditions to those obtained from finite element (FE) analysis, for tropical red soils. Three test locations were selected within the University of Benin campus in Benin City, Nigeria. Laboratory tests were conducted on samples obtained from these three locations to obtain the index and strength properties of the soil, and these were used as input parameters for the FE analysis. The FE analysis was performed with PLAXIS 2D, using Mohr-Coulomb soil model as the constitutive model. Comparison of load-settlement curves obtained from the field plate load test with those obtained from the FE analysis showed that the FE tool was able to predict the ultimate vertical displacement for all three test locations, with good accuracy. The maximum vertical settlement obtained for Site A from the field plate load test was 8.79 mm, while that obtained from FE analysis was 9.02 mm. For Sites B and C, it was 12.77 mm vs 12.30 mm and 22.85 mm vs 22.30 mm respectively. Parametric studies were also conducted in order to evaluate the effect of variations in soil conditions on the static response of the soils. Results from the water table parametric analysis showed significant increase in vertical displacement as the soil immediately below the footing gets saturated. The results also showed that c and ? have significant influence on the load-settlement curves under static loading.
Design and Simulation of a Unified Power Quality Conditioner by Fuzzy Logic for Egyptian Power Grid Connected to Zafarana Egypt Wind System
Authors: Abd El Sattar Montaser , Elbaset Adel A. , KasemAlaboudy Ali H. , Hafez Wessam Arafa
Published: February 2022

Wind energy system is lately receiving a lot of attention, because they are cost inexpensive, environmental safe and clean renewable energy source, as compared with nuclear and fossil fuel power generation. The operational characteristics of wind electric turbines has considerable dissatisfaction and stress on the quality of electric power system. Harmonics, variations of voltage and reactive power are most of power quality issues for grid connected with wind turbine. This paper introduces a design and simulation of unified power quality conditioner using a fuzzy controller to improve the power quality for Egyptian power grid connected to Zafarana Egypt wind system. The proposed performance of the unified power quality conditioner system is verified by simulating the model using MATLAB/SIMULINK environment. The simulation results showed that the proposed unified power quality conditioner provide efficient cancellation of both load current  harmonics  and supply voltage sag in addition to compensation of reactive power, and thus making the electrical grid connected wind energy system more efficient by improving the quality of power.
Structural Performance of Externally Strengthened Rectangular Reinforced Concrete Beams by Glued Steel Plate
Authors: John A. T. , Nwankwo E. , Orumu Solomon Teminusi , Osuji S. O.
Published: February 2022

This paper examines both flexural and shear behaviour of eight full-scale (2700×160×100-mm) reinforced concrete rectangular beams subjected to one-third point load. Two types of beams were investigated; Type-E and Type-C. Type-E are reinforced concrete rectangular beams strengthened externally by 1.5mm thick structural steel plate glued to the tensile face with epoxy as adhesive while type-C are reinforced concrete rectangular beams without structural steel plate glued to the tensile face. An average concrete strength of 30N/mm2 at 28 days was used. Required internal reinforcement according to BS 8110-1:1997 was provided for the concrete rectangular beams. Before the beams were externally strengthened, the beam surface to be plated was gritted to take off the cement membrane and to open up the aggregates. Epoxy adhesive was applied as a paste to both the plate and concrete surfaces: the two surfaces were then put together and held in place under pressure of 3.84kN/m2 until the glue was cured.  The beams were subjected to flexural testing after 28 days, using loading frame. Each of the rectangular beams support at both ends were subjected to one-third point load, deflection readings were recorded using a dial gauge at every 1.82kN increment. At ultimate load, the beams failed by a crack initiated at the bottom fiber of the beams. From the test results, an average flexural and shear strengths of Type-C beams are; 21.91N/mm2 and 1.05N/mm2 respectively, while type-E beams are; 28.91N/mm2 and 1.39N/mm2 respectively. The results of the investigation showed that flexural and shear strengths of reinforced concrete rectangular beam increased when strengthened externally by bonded steel plate. A straightforward analytical procedure was developed to validate the experiment results of type-E and type-C beams, using rectangular stress block for concrete. Experimental average failure load for beams Type-C and Type-E are 22.44kN and 29.60kN respectively while theoretical failure load for Type-C and Type-E beams are 20.86kNand 31.2kN respectively. Generally, there were acceptably fair correlations between analytical and experimental failure loads of Type-C and Type-E beams.
Distant Measuring and Regulating of Ecological Parameters of the Air in Closed Spaces
Authors: Asatryan Ruben , Karayan Hamlet , Khachatryan Norayr
Published: February 2022

For providing a high socio-economic level of the population of a country high technical equipment of the enterprises producing and processing agricultural products has quite an essential value, especially in the newly developing countries such as Armenia. The introduction of modern leading technologies into the farms and agricultural enterprises will support the fast growth of production that will in its turn result in the increase of the social level of the population and decrease of the poverty. The aim of this paper is the development and creation of an experimental sample of “Ecology-Microclimate” agricultural controlling-measuring automatic electronic system, which is intended for distant measuring and regulating of the air temperature and relative humidity of the closed spaces or areas of the enterprises (farms) as well as for controlling the concentration of polluting/harmful gases (methane and ammonia). The introduction of the “Ecology-Microclimate” system in the poultry factories and other farms and greenhouse enterprises as well as grain product stores will undoubtedly lead to the increase of the production and safe long-term storage.
Heat Gain Study of a Residential Building in Hot-Dry Climatic Zone on Basis of Three Cooling Load Methods
Authors: Sharma Antima , Sengar Namrata
Published: February 2022

The paper presents the study on theoretical heat gain for a residential building located in hot-dry climatic zone of India. The location is city Kota (25.100 N, 75.830 E). To determine heat gain, three different methods have been used. The aim of the paper is to study the heat gains and also to compare the three different methods. First method is CLTD/GLF method which is taken from ASHRAE 1997, second method is CLF/SCL/CLTD method which also taken from ASHRAE 1997 and third method is RLF method which is taken from ASHRAE 2013. After that comparative study has been done of all three methods. For the study a typical middle income group residential house has been considered. The model house is taken of size 12 m x 15 m with three windows of size 1 m x 1m each and one door of size 1 m x1.5 m. The walls are brick wall and roof is taken of RCC. From the analysis it is found that CLTD/GLF method predicts heat gain towards lower side whereas CLTD/SCL/CLF method values are higher and RLF values lies in between being more close to CLTD/SCL/CLF method. An important point to notice on comparison of results is that all methods predict around 50% heat gain through roof for this building structure. Another major contribution to heat gain (around 30%) is through walls. The window to wall ratio for the building is 1.9% and therefore the effect of heat gain through windows is only around 8%. Other factors contribute only a minor percentage to the overall heat gain. Thus, from the results it can be concluded that in order to reduce the heat gain and cooling load, major attention must be paid on roof and wall heat gain along with the other factors. Suitable passive measures can be identified on the basis of heat gain study.
Vision for Vietnam in the Revolution 4.0:
Authors: Vu Minh Thi , Dong Thi Minh Hao
Published: February 2022

The fourth industrial revolution, also known as the digital revolution, has taken place since the beginning of the 21st century. The characteristic of this industrial revolution is the increasing popularity of artificial intelligence and automated machines. chemistry, bringing a combination of virtual systems and reality. This revolution has a strong impact on many fields and many aspects of social life, in which a special human resource of high quality is indispensable; but human resources are the direct object of education – training. Education and training play an important role as a key factor and a driving force for the development of the economy. Not only in Vietnam but also in most other countries in the world, governments consider education as a top national policy. So why is education and training so important to the country's development strategy? The quality of Vietnamese education is really alarming in all aspects. If we don't recognize the true nature of the problem, if we just want to have great achievements, want our students to be rewarded and forget about the problem, the future of education will have a lot of defective products. The future of education is the future of the country, the future of every family. Therefore, each person in different positions but with the sincerity of education to join hands will hope for the change. The content of this article will revolve around the inadequacies of Vietnamese education about the status quo, about the reasons why Vietnamese education has not kept up with international friends, thereby proposing solutions for difficulties. the current challenges of the Vietnamese education industry, and the need for innovative reforms to fulfill the mission of the education sector. Good coordination between the three environments including family, school and society will be the key to solving the problem of improving the quality of education in Vietnam. That is the objective of this paper, as the solution improves the connection and interaction efficiency of the three environments mentioned above.
Policy for Industrial Development in Era 4.0 In Some Pioneering Countries and Proposing to Vietnam
Authors: Hoa Phan Thi Thuy , Hoa Nguyen Thi , Chau Pham Thi Minh
Published: February 2022

Vietnam is considered to be a country with the advantage of a young and abundant labor force, which will not be a strength because robots will replace all manual jobs. In the future, people will lose their jobs, because robot technology can affect all industries such as textiles, services, entertainment to health, transportation, education. The paper analyzes policies that pave the way for 4.0 industry development in the eight most representative countries of the European Union. The author points out the most basic content and clarifies the key points of the policy that the so-called countries have followed, including identifying policy space, pursuing goals, and supply. funding, efficiency brought about, the focus and impacts of policies, governance and implementation, specific barriers and obstacles in each country. From there, draw lessons learned in planning, as well as implementing policies at the national level on industry 4.0 in Vietnam today. The author also made some suggestive suggestions about the policy direction to create a solid condition for Industry 4.0 to develop.
Popular Coastal Environment Issues and Orientation for Solutions in Vietnam
Authors: Quy Nguyen Van , Dong Thi Minh Hao
Published: February 2022

The process of interaction and exchange of material between continents and oceans in coastal areas (DVB) creates a dynamic balance on environment, ecology and natural resource structure. Due to anthropogenic impacts and climate change, this balance is disrupted and leads to many negative consequences. The coastal area of ??Vietnam is located in the monsoon tropical region where large rivers with basins in six countries enter and the outer sea has ecological and environmental relations with the waters of many countries in the region. This is a very sensitive area and ecosystems, especially coral reefs, mangroves, seagrass beds, etc. very vulnerable to environmental impacts. Along with economic development and population growth, humanitarian activities have a major impact on the coastal environment. People, environment and coastal ecosystems are also affected by abnormal climatic and hydrological changes that have recently increased. Not to mention the risk of natural disasters, including volcanoes, earthquakes and tsunamis, has not been fully assessed. Environmental stresses and coastal catastrophes are generated not only locally but also from continents and oceans. Therefore, the strategy for coastal environmental protection needs to be viewed from the macro-relations of the continental-ocean interaction in the coastal region.
Effect of Clearance Gap in Spiral Casing Design of a Centrifugal Fan with Optimized Impellers
Authors: Gjeta Ardit
Published: February 2022

Industrial fans are subject to European Union energy labeling and Ecodesign requirements. By using more efficient industrial fans, Europe will save 34 TWh and avoid 16 million tones of CO2 emissions annually by 2020 [1]. In this paper, the effect of the clearance gap between the impeller and the volute, on the performance of a centrifugal fan was investigated using open source CFD software OpenFOAM [2]. An automized loop with RANS and data post-processing is set up using Matlab, for allowing a large number of parameter variations. We conducted numerical analysis for all operating points, where starting points are optimal impellers for the whole range of specific speeds [3], [4]. The effect of volute angle and geometrical parameters related to the tongue [5], on total pressure loss, static pressure recovery coefficient and on efficiency are presented.
Inner Structure of the Photon
Authors: Vegt Wim
Published: February 2022

Photonics is the physical science of light based on the concept of “photons” introduced by Albert Einstein in the early 20th century. Einstein introduced this concept in the “particle-wave duality” discussion with Niels Bohr to demonstrate that even light has particle properties (mass and momentum) and wave properties (frequency). That concept became a metaphor and from that time on a beam of light has been generally considered as a beam of particles (photons). Which is a wrong understanding. Light particles do not exist. Photons are nothing else but electromagnetic complex wave configurations and light particles are not like “particles” but separated electromagnetic wave packages, 2-dimensionally confined in the directions perpendicular to the direction of propagation and in a perfect equilibrium with the radiation pressure and the inertia of electromagnetic energy in the forward direction, controlling the speed of light. This new theory will explain how electromagnetic wave packages demonstrate inertia, mass and momentum and which forces keep the wave packages together in a way that they can be measured like particles with their own specific mass and momentum. All we know about light, and in generally about any electromagnetic field configuration, has been based only on two fundamental theories. James Clerk Maxwell introduced in 1865 the “Theory of Electrodynamics” with the publication: “A Dynamical Theory of the Electromagnetic Field” and Albert Einstein introduced in 1905 the “Theory of Special Relativity” with the publication: “On the Electrodynamics of Moving Bodies” and in 1913 the  “Theory of General Relativity” with the publication ”Outline of a Generalized Theory of Relativity and of a Theory of Gravitation”. However, both theories are not capable to explain the property of electromagnetic mass and in specific the anisotropy of the phenomenon of electromagnetic mass presented e.g. in a LASER beam. To understand what electromagnetic inertia and the corresponding electromagnetic mass is and how the anisotropy of electromagnetic mass can be explained and how it has to be defined, a New Theory about Light has to be developed. A part of this “New Theory about Light”, based on Newton’s well known law in 3 dimensions will be published in this article in an extension into 4 dimensions. Newton’s 4-dimensional law in the 3 spatial dimensions results in an improved version of the classical Maxwell equations and Newton’s law in the 4th dimension (time) results in the quantum mechanical Schrödinger wave equation (at non-relativistic velocities) and the relativistic Dirac equation.
Data-Driven Intelligent Tutoring Systems for STEM+C Learning and Teaching
Authors: Bui Hieu Trong
Published: February 2022

It is wide known that one of the most effective ways to learn is through problem solving. In recent years, it is widely known that problem solving is a central subject and fundamental ability in the teaching and learning. Besides, problem solving is integrated in the STEM+C (Science, Technology, Engineering, and Math plus Computing, Coding or Computer Science) fields. Intelligent tutoring systems (ITSs) have been shown to be effective in supporting students' domain-level learning through guided problem solving practice. Intelligent tutoring systems provide personalized feedback (in the form of hints) to students and improve learning at effect sizes approaching that of human tutors. However, creating an ITS to adapt to individual students requires the involvement of experts to provide knowledge about both the academic domain and novice student behavior in that domain’s curriculum. Creating an ITS requires time, resources, and multidisciplinary skills. Because of the large possible range of problem solving behavior for any individual topic, the amount of expert involvement required to create an effective, adaptable tutoring system can be high, especially in open-ended problem solving domains. Data-driven ITSs have shown much promise in increasing effectiveness by analyzing past data in order to quickly generate hints to individual students. However, the fundamental long term goal was to develop “better, faster, and cheaper” ITSs. In this work, the main goal of this paper is to: 1) present ITSs used in the STEM+C education; and 2) introduce data-driven ITSs for STEM+C education.
Shield of Achilles using 3D Technologies to Support Teaching Scenarios of Homeric Epics
Authors: Angelopoulos P. , Solomou E.
Published: February 2022

The “Shield of Achilles” is an effort to teach in an interdisciplinary way both the teaching subjects of Ancient Greek (Omer’s Iliad) and Informatics (3D modelling and printing), that took place in the 1st Junior High School of Vrilissia, Athens, during the school year 2017-2018 [13]. Students of B grade of Junior High School (ages 13-14), on a voluntarily basis, separated into groups of 4, created in a 3D design environment the “Shield of Achilles” as were taught during the subject of Ancient Greek and according to the description of the shield given by Homer in his poem “Iliad”. The most of the shields were eventually printed out using the 3D printer of the computer lab. The aim of the project was to support teaching between STEM and Classical subjects, co-create and implement integrated models inspired by STEM and classical disciplines and to investigate the behavior of students through a school program based in both formal and non-formal educational approaches. Part of the program was supported through the school’s curriculum, part of the program had to be implemented out of school hours. After the completion of the project students responded to a questionnaire prepared by the teachers in a google form format. The most important results of this questionnaire are discussed in this work.
Online Discovery/Constructivistic Learning Using Cognitive Tools in Mathematics’ Higher Education
Authors: Korres Konstantinos
Published: February 2022

This paper analyzes online discovery learning/ constructivistic approach using cognitive tools in higher Mathematics’ education, via a combination of electronic worksheets designed and implemented in Mathematica and online synchronous communication via the tools of a Learning Management System (LMS) and voice and video group calls. Moreover, the paper presents empirical research results of a case study concerning the approach’s application at the Department of Statistics and Insurance Sciences of the University of Piraeus and focuses on students’ attitudes towards the approach. We used a mixed approach in the study, in particular a quantitative approach with open-ended questions. A questionnaire was handed out and was answered by the students that participated. We performed statistical analysis via SPSS to data obtained by questions with binary answers and answers on a 7-point Likert scale. Also we included several open-ended questions, in order for the students to express their views and attitudes towards the benefits and the disadvantages of the tools and the approach used.
Post-pandemic Pedagogy: Distance Education in Greece During COVID-19 Pandemic Through the Eyes of the Teachers
Authors: Nikiforos Stefanos , Tzanavaris Spyros , Kermanidis Katia Lida
Published: February 2022

Distance education had already appeared since 1970. During the first implementation period it mainly concerned adults and education at university level. In the recent years, through the internet development, distance education has acquired a new hypostasis, as innovative applications have facilitated its implementation in multiple contexts. Despite this, education remained mainly on a physical level (face to face interaction), while distance education was rather complementary (hybrid or blended learning). However, during the COVID-19 pandemic, the first pandemic in the digital era, an urgent need that led to a universal and “violent” transition to distance education arose, often without assuring the necessary preconditions. This research aims to capture the experience of teachers in Greece during this transition.
Emotional Intelligence and Educational Robotics: The Development of the EI-EDUROBOT
Authors: Ziouzios Dimitrios , Ioannou Michalis , Ioanna Tsolopani , Bratitsis Tharrenos , Dasygenis Minas
Published: February 2022

In recent years, ICT has become a fundamental element of almost all aspects of formal and non-formal education. Educational Robotics (ER) as an ICT subfield has triggered many studies of ER educational utilization. Furthermore, there is also a growing interest in studies in Special Education with ER and ICT in general, usually focusing on emotional intelligence, especially in social skills’ development and empathy training. This paper presents the development of a Robotic Platform, the EI-EDUROBOT, which aims to cultivate empathy and social skills of typically developed children, aged 4 to 9 years, but also children with Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD), among these two social groups.
Examining the use of STEAM Education in Preschool Education
Authors: Spyropoulou Constantina , Wallace Manolis , Vassilakis Costas , Poulopoulos Vassilis
Published: February 2022

STEAM (Science, Technology, Engineering, Arts and Mathematics) initiatives are of current interest for both in-school and out-of-school contexts in North America. This is a new concept which is shifting educational paradigms towards art integration in STEM subjects. This article focuses on the need for STEAM education at the early childhood level and investigates the teaching and educational models of STEAM education in the kindergarten and in the first grades of primary school and how pre-school and primary school teachers see these models in the Greek context but also what students eventually learn from these models. The purpose of this chapter is to better understand the educational programs of STEAM education, which are offered by non-profit organizations and both public and private schools. Preschool children have a natural disposition toward science with their sense of curiosity and creativity. More research needs to be done in the area of STEAM implementation in the K-8 classrooms to incorporate engineering education.
Use of Non-Hazardous Solid Waste as Alternative Fuels in Cement Manufacturing Process
Authors: Bouabid Ghizlane , Byoud Fouzia , Benzbiria Nisrine , Nahya Driss , Azzi Mohammed
Published: February 2022

The incineration of non-hazardous solid waste and its use as alternative fuel in cement manufacturing process was studied and simulated under the effect of air flow acceleration in a laboratory scale reactor. Firstly, analysis of the different waste materials (textile, wood and paper) was performed separately, showing that textile samples presented the highest levels of heavy metals (H.M). In the course of a test run using solid recovered fuel (SRF), the mass balance of heavy metals revealed that lead and chromium probably volatilized during firing while arsenic, cadmium and zinc were trapped in clinker. As to gaseous emissions, heavy metals concentration in the stack remained relatively low and below the standard limits. Secondly, the temperature and concentration of gases flue was monitored. It was shown that the combustion regime is characterized by low reaction temperatures and an oxygen-deficient environment. Air injection rate affected significantly the formation and degradation mechanisms of the emitted gases concentrations, particularly CO, CO2, NO, NOx, SO2. Textile waste exhibited the lowest concentration of emitted gases compared to the other types of waste.
Performance Improvement of a Direction Finding System Antenna Using Method of Moment (MOM)
Authors: Anaebo Ogonna F. , Ezeh Gloria N. , Nosiri Onyebuchi Chikezie , Agubor Cosmas K.
Published: February 2022

This paper focuses on the Performance Improvement of a Direction Finding System Antenna Using Method of Moment (MoM) Approach. The work is developed to provide an approximate current distribution for a direction finding system antenna by employing the use of Method of Moment on an array of Yagi-uda antenna. The parameters of the experimental antenna are derived and analyzed via Magnetic Vector Potential (MVP) operator. The accurate current flowing through the radiating elements of the direction finding system is analyzed using combination of Method of Moment technique and Magnetic Vector Potential (MVP) operator. This helps to avoid the detection of false alarms and inability of the system to detect remote targets. A typical direction finding system Yagi antenna is designed and operated at a frequency range of 0.6- 0.8 GHz. The antenna has a single reflector, an active (driven) element and three (3) parasitic directors. The antenna parameters are simulated using MatLab R2010a software tool. The average pointing vector of the designed Yagi antenna was obtained as 3.73watt per square metre, and Radiation Intensity value of about 9.400 coulomb per kilogram. The simulation results indicate an appreciable increase in directivity of 9.03dBi, an enhanced directive gain compared to that of the equivalent dipole antenna of 1.76dBi, signifying 7.27dBi enhancement.
Computer Simulation Models for Profit Maximisation in a Paint Production Company
Authors: Briggs Tobinson , Uzoma Shadrack Mathew
Published: February 2022

Paint manufacturing is an advanced area of technology in the world. Necessarily paints are applied to any structure or body for a virtuous number of reasons : corrosion protection, aesthetic features to create attractive colours on buildings to protect it from environmental degradation and none the less to protect the bodies of automobiles, aircraft, and ships from ecological damage; also to give the right shades of colours catching to the eyes and minds of customers. In this research work, mathematical models developed by the researchers were employed to maximise the profit margin of a painting Company. The mathematical optimisation models are Linear Programming production demand-based planning models. It is geared towards maximising the profit of the establishment subject to a certain number of critical constraints. Lindo computer software was employed in the simulation to access the profitability index of the company subject to demand constraints. Revenue accruable from sales of the items produced was ten million and six hundred and twenty-seven thousand sixty-two naira and fifty-three kobo (N10, 627,062.53). The different cost inputs resulted in the expenditure of ten million and six hundred and ten thousand and six forty naira (N10, 610,640.00). The profit margin is sixteen thousand four hundred and twenty-two naira and fifty-three kobo (N16,422.53). Profit optimisation maximisation procedure using Lindo Computer Software resulted in a profit margin of twenty-nine thousand one hundred and ten naira (N29,100.00). The percentage difference in profit margin is 77.26%. The simulation profit optimisation results revealed a tremendous difference in turnover margin and called for an interaction with the Academy Color Paint Company for enhancement in the turnover margin of their establishment.
Illusions of Elastic Collisions in the Sciences:
Authors: Mayhew Kent W.
Published: February 2022

Employing elastic collisions rather than the reality of inelastic collisions simplifies much of the theoretical sciences. The consequences of such simplification is completely ignored/unrealized by the majority, hence must be addressed. At the crux of the problem is arguably the illusion of elastic collisions in kinetic theory, but this extends to other realms of physics including statistical theory, Lagrangian mechanics and the Navier-Stokes equations.
Arbitrary Dimensional Data
Authors: Ekpar Frank Edughom
Published: February 2022

It is a well-known fact that numerous issues in many fields of human endeavor including, but not limited to, science and engineering, medicine, law enforcement and security, economics and finance, governance, psychology, philosophy, religion, and many other fields require the management of arbitrary dimensional data. However, systems permitting direct and efficient management of arbitrary dimensional data currently do not exist. In fact, contemporary systems such as graphical user interfaces for the management of data typically lack even the very concept of arbitrary dimensionality – failing to provide any practical way or means of managing arbitrary dimensional data. Here, we establish the foundational principles for a system permitting practical, direct and efficient management of arbitrary dimensional data. Furthermore, we demonstrate the effectiveness of our system by applying it to an experiment involving eight-dimensional (8D) medical and scientific data sets. Our system has immediate, far-reaching implications for numerous fields of human endeavor – enabling hitherto impossible solutions and applications and leading to deeper insights and improved understanding of numerous issues.
Survey on the Effects of Cutting Parameters on Surface Roughness When Milling 40Cr Steel Using End Mill Cutter
Authors: Son Nguyen Hong
Published: February 2022

In this paper, the empirical research on the effects of cutting parameters on surface roughness when milling 40Cr steel with face mill is conducted. The cutting parameters in this study include the cutting speed, feed rate and depth of cut. The tests are conducted in the form of Central Composite Design. The analysis shows that, for both Ra and Rz: (1) the feed rate has the greatest effect on surface roughness, followed by the degree of influence of the depth of cut, cutting speed with insignificant effects on surface roughness. (2) only the interaction between the feed rate and depth of cut have a significant effect on both Ra and Rz; the interaction between the cutting speed and feed rate, the interaction between the cutting speed and depth of cut have negligible effects on the surface roughness. In addition, the regression equations showing the relationship between Ra, Rz and cutting parameters is developed in this study.
Outlet Surface Area Influence in Spiral Casing Design on Centrifugal Fan Performance
Authors: Gjeta Ardit , Malka Lorenc
Published: February 2022

In this paper, the effect of the outlet surface area of the spiral casing on the performance of a centrifugal fan was investigated using open source CFD software OpenFOAM [1]. An automized loop with RANS and data post-processing is set up using Matlab, for allowing a large number of parameter variations. The effect was analyzed as a function of total pressure loss and static pressure recovery coefficient and on total efficiency as well.
Development of African Locust Bean (Parkia Biglobosa) Depulping Machine
Authors: Akinfiresoye W. A. , Akintade A. A. , Fasoyin S. A.
Published: February 2022

The traditional method of using hands to depulp African Locust Bean (ALB) inside a flowing river led to the conception and development of a simple operated 3 kg capacity ALB depulping machine at the Farm Power and Machinery Workshop of Agricultural and Bio-Environmental Engineering, Rufus Giwa Polytechnic, Owo, Ondo State, Nigeria. The depulping machine has the hopper, the depulping unit which has the shaft carrying paddles to beat off the seed from the pulp, the frame, the water reservoir to aid the process and 2.2 kW power unit. ALB of moisture contents 60%, 71% and 78% were depulp at machine speed of 173 rpm. The time taken for each operation to be completed was taken. It was discovered that the machine performance in terms of efficiency and throughput increases as the moisture content of the ALB increases while the specific mechanical energy decreases as the moisture content increases. At moisture content of 78%, the efficiency of the depulping machine was 83%, the throughput was about 236 kg/h and the specific mechanical energy was 122.32 KG/KJ. The cost of the machine was Seventy Eight Thousand Naira (NGN 78,000:00). It is recommended for small and medium ALB farmers.
Novel Methods Transcending the Standard Model of Physics
Authors: Bruchholz Ulrich , Eckardt Horst
Published: February 2022

The physical standard model is used to date to explain microscopic structure of nature on a more or less phenomenological basis. In this article, three principal approaches of physics are compared, which are foundational for classical theoretical physics of the 20th century: The General Relativity of Einstein, the theory of Rainich, which uses the Einstein-Maxwell equations, a first unification of phsics, and the Einsten-Cartan-Evans theory of Myron Evans. The latter unifies classical and quantum physics. The discussed methods take us beyond the standard model. Special focus is set to the known Einstein-Maxwell equations, for which a novel solution scheme was developed by Bruchholz. Consistently, quantities of elementary particles can be predicted on base of a classical theory.