bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Adaptive Control for the Metal Cutting Process
Authors: Gutakovskis Viktors , Gerins Eriks , Naginevicius Vytenis , Gudakovskis Vladimirs , Styps Esmeralda , Sertvytis Rolandas
Published: November 2020

The adaptive control of metal cutting processes is a logical extension of the CNC systems. In CNC systems of metal-cutting processes the machining variables (e.g., the cutting speed and feedrate) are prescribed by the part programmer. The determination of these variables depends on experience and knowledge regarding the workpiece and tool materials, coolant conditions, and other factors.The determination of these operating parameters depends on experience and knowledgeregarding the workpiece and tool materials, coolant conditions, and other factors. By contrast,the main idea in adaptive control is the improvement of the production rate, or the reductionof machining costs, by calculation and setting of the optimal operating parameters duringmachining itself. This calculation is based upon measurements of process variables in real time and is followed by a subsequent on-line adjustment of the machining variables subject to constraints with the objective to optimize the performance of the overall system.The adaptive control is basically a feedback system, in which the operatingparameters automatically adapt themselves to actual condition of the process. AC system formachine tools can be classified into two categories:1.Adaptive control with optimization(ACO);2.Adaptive control with constraints(ACC);ACO refers to systems in which a given performance index (usually an economicfunction) is extremized subject to process and system constraints. With ACC, the machiningparameters are maximized within a prescribed region bounded by process and systemconstraints, such as maximum torque or power. ACC systems, however, do not use aperformance index. In both systems an adaptation strategy is used to vary the operatingparameters in real time cutting progresses. Although there has been considerable research onthe development of ACO systems, few, if any, of these systems are used in practice. The major problems with such systems have been difficulties in defining realistic indexes of performance and the lack of suitable sensors which can reliably measure on-line thenecessary parameters in a production environment. The objective of most AC systems isimprovement in productivity, which is achieved by increasing the metal removal rate (MRR)during rough cutting operations. The increases in productivity range from approximately 20 to 80 percent and clearly depend on the material being machined and the complexity of the part tobe produced.
Electrical Load Flow Analysis of 132/33/11 kV Port of Durban’s Substation
Authors: Mnukwa Siphokazi , Saha Akshay Kumar
Published: November 2020

The Port of Durban (PoD) is currently upgrading its existing power supply to a supply voltage of 132 kV. The existing 33 kV supply cables are old and have exceeded their designed life resulting in unplanned power outages. The existing 33 kV switchgear is old and obsolete as a result it is difficult to maintain. The existing maximum demand capacity will not be able to cater for the additional loads required for the planned expansion developments.The electrical load flow is a very important and fundamental tool for the analysis of any power systems and in the operations as well as planning stages. The electrical load flow study was conducted using PowaMaster software to analyse the behaviour of PoD’s electrical network post implementation of the new substation onto the currently existing network. In performing the electrical load flow study, load diversification is one of the critical input parameters that was considered because it is a true representation of the network behavior. The load forecasting was based on the planned developments commissioned between 2017 and 2027. The electrical load flow study was also to validate if all the new selected reticulation cables and transformers as part of the design have been correctly sized and will be able to operate reliably without compromising security of firm supply with the implementation of all the planned future loads. This report entails the results of the electrical load flow study that was conducted to analyse the voltage stability and system reliability of the PoD’s electrical network in conjunction with new 132/33 kV Langeberg Substation.
Microstructural and Mechanical Characterization of the Yb: YAG Laser Welding of High-Pressure Die-Casting Mg-Al-Mn Magnesium Alloy
Authors: Ouallam Seddik , Masse J.E. , Peyre P. , Djeghlal M.L. , Guittonneau F. , Boutaghou Z. , Kaba L.
Published: November 2020

In this work, the Yb:YAG laser beam welding of the magnesium alloy AM60 was studied. A laser power of 2 kW and a welding speed of 3.5 m / min give a different welding quality than that obtained by CO2 laser with the same parameters. The metallurgical characterization, by optical microscopy, showed the formation of four distinct zones : base metal (BM), heat affected zone (HAZ), the partially fusion zone (PFZ) and the fusion zone (FZ), due to the thermal effect produced by the laser welding thermal cycle. Their dimensions are quantified. The microstructural examination using scanning electron microscopy showed the presence of fine dendritic structure in the FZ although the use of electron dispersive spectroscopy analysis confirm that an eutectic Mg17Al12 phase are surrounded by α-Mg solid solution in the HAZ. Electron backscattered diffraction technique revealed an important grain refinement in FZ and considerable twining phenomena in HAZ, but no texture. X-ray diffraction technique has been used, full width at half maximum of diffraction peaks is measured; it also confirmed the grain refinement in FZ in comparison to BM and HAZ. Both microhardness and tensile proprieties of the complete weld joint are similar to those of the BM.
Foxo1 Serine 209 Is a Critical Regulatory Site of CD8 T Cell Differentiation and Survival
Authors: Hills Leonard Benjamin , Abdullah Leena , Lust Hannah E , Degefu Hanna , Huang Yina H
Published: November 2020

Foxo1 is an essential transcription factor required for the survival and differentiation of memory CD8 T cells, yet it is unclear whether these Foxo1-dependent functions are inherently coupled. To address this question, we examined the effects of different Foxo1 posttranslational modifications. Phosphorylation of Foxo1 by Akt kinases at three distinct residues is well characterized to inhibit Foxo1 transcriptional activity. However, the effect of Foxo1 phosphorylation within its DNA-binding domain at serine 209 by Mst1 kinase is not fully understood. In this study, we show that an S209A phospho-null Foxo1 exhibited Akt-dependent nuclear trafficking in mouse CD8 T cells and augmented the expression of canonical Foxo1 target genes such as Il7r and Sell. In contrast, an S209D phosphomimetic Foxo1 (SD-Foxo1) was largely excluded from the nucleus of CD8 T cells and failed to transactivate these genes. RNA sequencing analysis revealed that SD-Foxo1 was associated with a distinct Foxo1-dependent transcriptional profile, including genes mediating CD8 effector function and cell survival. Despite defective transactivation of canonical target genes, SD-Foxo1 promoted IL-15–mediated CD8 T cell survival in vitro and survival of short-lived effector cells in vivo in response to Listeria monocytogenes infection. However, SD-Foxo1 actively repressed CD127 expression and failed to generate memory precursors and long-lived memory T cells. Together, these data indicate that S209 is a critical residue for the regulation of Foxo1 subcellular localization and for balancing CD8 T cell differentiation and survival.
Multibatch Cytometry Data Integration for Optimal Immunophenotyping
Authors: Ogishi Masato , Yang Rui , Gruber Conor , Zhang Peng , Pelham Simon J , Spaan András N , Rosain Jérémie , Chbihi Marwa , Han Ji Eun , Rao V Koneti , Kainulainen Leena , Bustamante Jacinta , Boisson Bertrand , Bogunovic Dusan , Boisson-Dupuis Stéphanie , Casanova Jean-Laurent
Published: November 2020

High-dimensional cytometry is a powerful technique for deciphering the immunopathological factors common to multiple individuals. However, rational comparisons of multiple batches of experiments performed on different occasions or at different sites are challenging because of batch effects. In this study, we describe the integration of multibatch cytometry datasets (iMUBAC), a flexible, scalable, and robust computational framework for unsupervised cell-type identification across multiple batches of high-dimensional cytometry datasets, even without technical replicates. After overlaying cells from multiple healthy controls across batches, iMUBAC learns batch-specific cell-type classification boundaries and identifies aberrant immunophenotypes in patient samples from multiple batches in a unified manner. We illustrate unbiased and streamlined immunophenotyping using both public and in-house mass cytometry and spectral flow cytometry datasets. The method is available as the R package iMUBAC (https://github.com/casanova-lab/iMUBAC).
The Invariant NKT Cell Response Has Differential Signaling Requirements during Antigen-Dependent and Antigen-Independent Activation
Authors: Anderson Courtney K , Reilly Shanelle P , Brossay Laurent
Published: November 2020

Invariant NKT (iNKT) cells are an innate-like population characterized by their recognition of glycolipid Ags and rapid cytokine production upon activation. Unlike conventional T cells, which require TCR ligation, iNKT cells can also be stimulated independently of their TCR. This feature allows iNKT cells to respond even in the absence of glycolipid Ags, for example, during viral infections. Although the TCR-dependent and -independent activation of iNKT cells have been relatively well established, the exact contributions of IL-12, IL-18, and TLRs remain unclear for these two activation pathways. To definitively investigate how these components affect the direct and indirect stimulation of iNKT cells, we used mice deficient for either MyD88 or the IL-12Rβ2 in the T cell lineage. Using these tools, we demonstrate that IL-12, IL-18, and TLRs are completely dispensable for the TCR activation pathway when a strong agonist is used. In contrast, during murine CMV infection, when the TCR is not engaged, IL-12 signaling is essential, and TLR signaling is expendable. Importantly, to our knowledge, we discovered an intrinsic requirement for IL-18 signaling by splenic iNKT cells but not liver iNKT cells, suggesting that there might be diversity, even within the NKT1 population.
Evaluation of the marketing methods and handling of live shellfish (American lobsters) for the purpose of sale as food: First evaluations in Piedmont, Italy
Authors: Pattono Daniele , D'Agui Elisa , Fidelio Marta , Griglio Bartolomeo , Gili Stefano , Civera Tiziana
Published: November 2020

Some species of crustaceans pose problems during marketing, being sold alive. Food Business Operators (FBO) have the need to adopt specific measures based on opinions and guidelines of national and international associations. This investigation was aimed at evaluating the practices in use in the marketing of live crustaceans in Piedmont. Twenty-three plants were analyzed using checklists and through physical and chemical measurements of the water in the holding tanks. The situation appears uneven in the application of Good Handling Practices (GHP), management of animals and knowledge of FBO. Only 48% of the Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Point plans had a dedicated section. Immobilization of the claws was the option identified to control aggressiveness. Dead animals are mainly identified as Category 3 instead of other hygienically safe options. Only 1/3 of interviewed can indicate the slaughtering methods recognized as most suitable for these animals. The aquariums show a good state of maintenance and most of evaluated parameters complaint to GHP except for nitrites (35%). In conclusion, the situation reflects the different levels of knowledge of the FBOs. Therefore the veterinarian of the public health service can propose itself as a reference point for specific training.
Determination of heavy metals and selenium content in chicken liver at Erbil city, Iraq
Authors: Ali Hoshyar Saadi , Almashhadany Dhary Alewy , Khalid Hawraz Sami
Published: November 2020

Heavy metal contamination of poultry meat is a critical issue for human health due to associated risks of cytotoxicity and systemic pathologies after ingestion of such metals. A total of twenty chicken liver samples were collected from markets of Erbil city and analyzed for ten heavy metals contents by Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectrometry. The targeted metals were cadmium (Cd), cobalt (Co), chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), manganese (Mn), nickel (Ni), lead (Pb), mercury (Hg), zinc (Zn) and selenium (Se). The average concentrations (mg/kg) of targeted trace elements were 0.06±0.027, 0.06±0.05, 2.05±0.34, 1.85±0.47, 0.15±0.17, and 33.53±5.24 for Co, Cr, Cu, Mn, Ni, and Zn respectively. Copper (Cu) levels significantly exceeded the maximum permissible limit of WHO. Moreover, the average concentrations of toxic heavy metals and selenium were 0.07±0.037, 0.278±0.10, 0.11±0.083, and 2.01±0.454 mg/kg for Cd, Pb, Hg, and Se respectively. Hg and Pb levels exceeded the permissible limits of WHO. Higher levels of Cu and Hg in poultry may pose a serious threat to consumers which demand countermeasures and precautions to be taken. Iraqi Standards Authority and relevant official institutions are strongly recommended to regulate safe disposal of heavy metal waste in the environment to reduce animal exposure to such metals.
A proof of the linear Arithmetic Fundamental Lemma for
Authors: Li Qirui
Published: November 2020

Let
$K/F$
be an unramified quadratic extension of a non-Archimedean local field. In a previous work [1], we proved a formula for the intersection number on Lubin–Tate spaces. The main result of this article is an algorithm for computation of this formula in certain special cases. As an application, we prove the linear Arithmetic Fundamental Lemma for
$ \operatorname {{\mathrm {GL}}}_4$
with the unit element in the spherical Hecke Algebra.
Young and rough differential inclusions
Authors: Bailleul Ismaël , Brault Antoine , Coutin Laure
Published: November 2020

We define in this work a notion of Young differential inclusion

dz_t \in F(z_t)\,dx_t,

for an

\alpha

-Hölder control

x

, with

\alpha > 1/2

, and give an existence result for such a differential system. As a by-product of our proof, we show that a bounded, compact-valued,

\gamma

-Hölder continuous set-valued map on the interval

[0,1]

has a selection with finite

p

-variation, for

p > 1/\gamma

. We also give a notion of solution to the rough differential inclusion

dz_t \in F(z_t)\,dt + G(z_t)\,d{\mathbf X}_t,

for an

\alpha

-Hölder rough path

\mathbf X

with

\alpha\in(1/3,1/2]

, a set-valued map

F

and a single-valued one form

G

. Then, we prove the existence of a solution to the inclusion when

F

is bounded and lower semi-continuous with compact values, or upper semi-continuous with compact and convex values.
Пороговые резонансы и виртуальные уровни в спектре цилиндрических и периодических волноводов
Authors: Nazarov Sergei Aleksandrovich
Published: November 2020

Для общих формально самосопряженных эллиптических систем дифференциальных уравнений второго порядка с краевыми условиями Дирихле или Неймана в областях с цилиндрическими и периодическими выходами на бесконечность (в волноводах) даны описание и классификация порогов непрерывного спектра и возникающих на них резонансов. Последние вызваны появлением "почти стоячих" волн, т. е. нетривиальных решений однородной задачи - волн, не переносящих энергии. В качестве примеров рассмотрены квантовые, акустические и упругие волноводы. Основное внимание уделено вырожденным порогам, которые характеризуются наличием полиномиально растущих на бесконечности стоячих волн и порождают эффекты, не свойственные обычным порогам. В частности, описан эффект поднятия собственного числа с вырожденного - нулевого - порога спектра, имеющего векторную природу упругого волновода, который (эффект) заведомо отсутствует в скалярных задачах для цилиндрических акустических и квантовых волноводов. При помощи техники самосопряженных расширений дифференциальных операторов в весовых пространствах представлена интерпретация почти стоячих волн как собственных векторов некоторых операторов, а порога - как соответствующего собственного числа. При этом пороговые собственные числа и соответствующие вектор-функции, не затухающие на бесконечности, получаются предельными переходами на порог (виртуальный уровень) либо снизу, либо сверху, т. е. их свойства существенно отличаются от привычных. Сформулированы открытые вопросы.
Библиография: 84 наименования.
О группе шароморфизмов не локально конечного однородного дерева
Authors: Neretin Yurii Aleksandrovich
Published: November 2020

Рассмотрим дерево $\mathbb{T}$, у которого все вершины имеют счетную валентность; его граница - пространство Бэра $\mathbb{B}\simeq\mathbb{N}^\mathbb{N}$; разложение в цепную дробь отождествляет множество иррациональных чисел $\mathbb{R}\setminus\mathbb{Q}$ с $\mathbb{B}$. Если удалить $k$ ребер из $\mathbb{T}$, то получится лес, состоящий из копий дерева $\mathbb{T}$. Шароморфизм (spheromorphism) или иерархоморфизм дерева $\mathbb{T}$ - это изоморфизм двух таких подлесов, рассматриваемый как преобразование дерева $\mathbb{T}$ или пространства $\mathbb{B}$. Обозначим группу всех шароморфизмов через $\operatorname{Hier}(\mathbb{T})$. Мы показываем, что соответствие $\mathbb{R}\setminus \mathbb{Q}\simeq \mathbb{B}$ переводит группу Томпсона, реализованную как группу кусочных $\mathrm{PSL}_2(\mathbb{Z})$-преобразований, в подгруппу группы $\operatorname{Hier}(\mathbb{T})$. Мы строим унитарные представления группы $\operatorname{Hier}(\mathbb{T})$, показываем, что группа $\operatorname{Aut}(\mathbb{T})$ автоморфизмов дерева сферична в $\operatorname{Hier}(\mathbb{T})$, и описываем шлейф (обертывающую категорию) группы $\operatorname{Hier}(\mathbb{T})$.
Библиография: 26 наименований.
Early COVID-19 pandemic response in Italy: Pros and cons
Authors: Magnavita Nicola , Sacco Angelo , Chirico Francesco
Published: November 2020

Since the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, Italy was one of the worst-affected European countries. The rapid surge of cases and the limited capacity of intensive care unit departments have posed a serious threat to the Italian national health system. In this paper we describe the first response and the main measures carried by Italian policy makers, as coordinated by a governmental committee of public health experts, which have succeeded in preventing the pandemic from turning into a disaster. Early closure of the school, quarantine measures and lockdown were put in place and the response of the population has been good overall. Despite the Italian health care system of universal coverage is considered the second-best in the world, during phase 1, the Italian decentralisation and fragmentation of health services probably restricted timely interventions and effectiveness. In northern Italy, Lombardy, Emilia Romagna, Piedmont, and Veneto, which reported most of the Italian cases, carried out different strategies against COVID-19, with great differences in testing, quarantine, and public health procedures. The improvement of the epidemiological situation has allowed an easing of the restrictive measures, with a progressive restarting of work activities. The government and technical-scientific bodies have prepared health strategies to support a possible second epidemic wave in the autumn.
Norway’s strategy to cope with Corona pandemics
Authors: Tomczak Danuta A.
Published: November 2020

Pandemics sudden influx claimed reaction from national authorities to protect their societies and ensure an operative functioning of the public health care. This article explains how the Norwegian government reacted in this unpredictable situation, which lockdown option was chosen and what economic consequences the applied measures might bring. How to weight public health against economic offers and future downturn? Trade-offs are compound and it is too early to conclude which country has made the best choice.
Niemiecka polityka zdrowia publicznego w okresie pandemii COVID-19. Widziane z perspektywy Dolnej Saksonii
Authors: Czuba Izabela
Published: November 2020

Due to the federal system in Germany, we find different forms of organization of healthcare in each of 16 federal states. In addition to the federal law being in force in all German states, there are state laws that only apply in a given state. The federal, state and local government institutions as well as their competences, functions and tasks will be described in the context of the Covid-19 epidemic. The statistical data from the federal states, particulary of the state of Lower Saxony, allow to observe the differences in the intensity of the spread of coronavirus infection cases, cures and death rate. The document “Lower Saxony everyday life in the context of Covid 19” is indicating a gradual exit from lockdown. Information about assistance measures, but also restrictions, bans and general rules as well as a reflection on social reactions, habits and moods will complete the whole picture.
Government response to COVID-19 in the Czech Republic: February–July 2020
Authors: Löblová Olga
Published: November 2020

The Czech Republic initially managed the outbreak of the novel coronavirus remarkably, with relatively few cases and low death rate. Its public health response was characterized by swift implementation of public health measures driven by an implicit precautionary principle, but also chaotic communication of measures and a lack of transparency in justifying individual policies. June and July 2020 have seen a rise in COVID-19 cases linked to two regional clusters but later associated with community transmission, which exposed weaknesses in the country’s test-trace-isolate system.
Canada’s multi-jurisdictional COVID-19 Public Health response – January to May 2020
Authors: Bielska Iwona A. , Jewett Lauren , Embrett Mark , Buote Richard , Manis Derek R. , Parikh Manasi , Speicher David J. , Agarwal Gina , Nartowski Robert O. , Finnegan Heather , Bandara Thilina , Hamilton Clayon B. , Moore Emily , Liu Rebecca H. , Roher Sophie I. G. , Lopatina Elena , Nguyen Duyen Thi Kim , Lawrence Logan , Lukewich Julia
Published: November 2020

In late January 2020, the first COVID-19 case was reported in Canada. By March 5, 2020, community spread of the virus was identified and by May 26, 2020, close to 86,000 patients had COVID-19 and 6,566 had died. As COVID-19 cases increased, provincial and territorial governments announced states of public health emergency between March 13 and 20, 2020. This paper examines Canada’s public health response to the COVID-19 pandemic during the first four months (January to May 2020) by overviewing the actions undertaken by the federal (national) and regional (provincial/territorial) governments. Canada’s jurisdictional public health structures, public health responses, technological and research endeavours, and public opinion on the pandemic measures are described. As the pandemic unravelled, the federal and provincial/territorial governments unrolled a series of stringent public health interventions and restrictions, including physical distancing and gathering size restrictions; closures of borders, schools, and non-essential businesses and services; cancellations of non-essential medical services; and limitations on visitors in hospital and long-term care facilities. In late May 2020, there was a gradual decrease in the daily numbers of new COVID-19 cases seen across most jurisdictions, which has led the provinces and territories to prepare phased re-opening. Overall, the COVID-19 pandemic in Canada and the substantial amount of formative health and policy-related data being created provide an insight on how to improve responses and better prepare for future health emergencies.
Budowanie więzi w kulturze relacyjnej
Authors: Skoczek Joanna
Published: November 2020

Building links in a relational culture Globalisation, networking, new markets, and opening towards other cultures, all constitute new opportunities and new challenges resulting from ever closer cooperation between states, citizens and companies. No matter what drives people, be it their own will, interest, passion, or the result of a business analysis, nowadays increasing and enhancing the geographical spectrum of activities is a widespread concern and issue. This text aims to find an answer to the question as to whether one needs specific preparation, skills, tools, or tactics when confronted with the relational culture that characterizes East Asia, and China in particular. The specific features of Chinese business culture are described, followed by an analysis of further challenges going beyond business but directly interrelated with it, ones that support and strengthen the efficiency of business interactions, as well as other bilateral contacts. The author argues that observations concerning business culture should be extrapolated onto other areas and treated as universal when it comes to a description of challenges resulting from intercultural encounters.
Krótka historia kultu Mao Zedonga – wybrane elementy podtrzymywania politycznej legendy Wielkiego Sternika w Chinach
Authors: Lubińska Natalia
Published: November 2020

A short history of the Mao Zedong cult – selected elements involved in the maintenance of the political legend of the Great Helmsman in China The annual celebration of various anniversaries related to the history of the Chinese Communist Party and its leaders regularly recalls the controversial theme of the heritage of communism and the legacy of Mao Zedong in China. On many of these occasions, the question of the need for “Father of the Nation” worship in the Middle Kingdom arises. One answer is to preserve the memory of the President and his achievements in order to make the younger generation aware of how long the party founders had to travel on the long road to make China an international power again. This article presents selected elements of social and political life in China associated with important party anniversaries that are used to uphold the legend of Mao Zedong in his homeland. The character of the ceremony that is discussed relates to the anniversary of Mao’s birth, the commemoration of his leadership in the ideology of political and business leaders, and Mao’s legacy in terms of tourism. The interest of the Chairman in collecting artifacts and in film was also discussed. This article is the second part of a two-part article dedicated to the leader.
Co nurtuje Chińczyków, czyli o aktualnych problemach w chińskiej prasie. Artykuł recenzyjny: Prasa chińska o przemianach społeczno-kulturowych kraju w początkach XXI wieku, red. K. Gawlikowski et al., Warszawa 2020
Authors: Łągiewska Magdalena
Published: November 2020

What gets under Chinese people’s skins? Currents problems in the Chinese press. Review article: Prasa chińska o przemianach społeczno-kulturowych kraju w początkach XXI wieku [Chinese Press on the Country’s Socio-Cultural Changes at the Beginning of the 21st Century], eds. K. Gawlikowski et al., Warszawa 2020 This article review presents the current points of view regarding “hot topics” widely discussed in Chinese press. They have been compiled in the book titled “Chinese Press on the Country’s Socio-Cultural Changes at the Beginning of the 21st Century” edited by Krzysztof Gawlikowski et al. The authors endeavour to explain the most significant socio-cultural changes that have occurred recently in China. Hence, the article touches upon issues such as role of Confucianism in modern China, system of education, relation between authorities and citizens, new perspectives on hukou system as well as familial relations and health care system in China.
Ewolucja chińskiego protokołu i zwyczajowego prawa dyplomatycznego od XVI do XIX w.
Authors: Wiśniewski Szymon
Published: November 2020

The evolution of Chinese protocol and customary diplomatic law in contacts with European countries from the 16th to the 19th centuries From the earliest times, diplomatic protocol has been one of the most important instruments of foreign policy. It facilitates establishing relationships in the international arena by creating a common language of communication. The aim of diplomatic protocol is to create an atmosphere of respect, recognition, and harmony in international relations. To a large extent, it is the result of customary international law, which consists of two basic elements. Firstly, one comes from the practice of states, viewed objectively, and secondly, from opinio iuris, i.e. the subjective feeling that this procedure is a kind of law. For many centuries, the Chinese Empire used these two tools to conduct foreign policy, in particular with European countries with which relations were not based on the principle of equality and respect for sovereignty. The purpose of this article is to indicate how China used protocol and customary diplomatic law to achieve its goals in the international arena.
Edward Kajdański (1921–2020)
Authors: Kamień Joanna , Zeidler Zeidler
Published: November 2020

EDWARD KAJDAŃSKI (1925–2020) In this article, the Authors present the life and achievements of Edward Kajdański as a diplomat, journalist, writer, and painter. Edward Kajdański was born in Harbin, in north Manchuria (China), at November 26, 1925. Place of birth determined his later life, designated spheres of interests, gave a solid education and brought a very rich experience. His father Edward Kajdański was an engineer, and mother Helena was half Italian, half Russian. Edward Kajdański received thorough education in the Henryk Sienkiewicz Polish Gymnasium in Harbin, and after graduation began his studies at the Faculty of Electromechanics at North Manchurian University, which in August 1945, after the entry of the Red Army, changed the name into University of Harbin. Edward Kajdański also studied at the Faculty of Architecture. In 1950 he graduated from the University of Harbin and because of the outbreak of the Korean War left Harbin. In 1951, he arrived in Gdynia and started working in Gdańsk. His extensive knowledge, knowledge of Chinese, English and Russian caused that Mr. Kajdański never complained about the lack of employment. He worked in commercial enterprises, but very quickly he was noticed by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, who directed him to work in the Office of the Commercial Counsellor in Beijing (1963–1967, 1971–1975). In the years 1979–1982 he was the general consul and the head of the Consulate General in Guangzhou. He returned permanently to Poland in 1982, and settled down in Gdańsk. In addition to the professional activity Edward Kajdański also worked as a scientist, disseminating knowledge about China in Poland, which resulted in hundreds of articles, as well as scientific and popular science books on China. The most attention he devoted to the achievements of Polish Jesuit missionary Michael Boym. In the work of Edward Kajdański, as important as the writing, is painting, which is multi-dimensional and thematically diversified. Among his works there are both reconstructions of Michael Boym’s maps and herbs, the works dating back to the old Chinese painting, reconstructions of frescoes and copies of paintings on silk, as well as illustrations he created for his books. His extremely rich national activities has been valued on many national and international exhibitions. He left hundreds of books, articles and paintings – it is his legacy. For his merits for the Polish-Chinese relations, especially in the field of mutual knowledge of cultures and historical research contacts, Mr. Kajdański was awarded by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Poland with the honor distinction ‘Bene Merito’. Edward Kajdański died in Gdańsk, September 10, 2020.
Treatment efficiency of a combination of alternative technologies in removing pollutants from pesticide containing wastewater
Authors: Van Pham Toan , Mai Phuoc Vinh , Van Nguyen Dung , Koyama Jiro
Published: November 2020

Pesticide containing wastewater is concerned due to their toxicity to human health and the environment, and therefore, is attracted much attention by public communities and scientists. This type of wastewater can be treated by conventional treatment methods including physical, chemical, biological methods and so on. Unfortunately, the efficiency of these methods are mostly undesired as expectation because they cannot completely remove toxic organic pollutants from wastewater. In this study, an experiment on laboratory scale model of cold plasma technology, a well-known water treatment method in recent decades, was performed to assess its efficiency on removing pesticide fenobucarb from the wastewater. Furthermore, another experiment on laboratory scale model of the cold plasma combined with coagulation/flocculation and ion exchange process was implemented to assess the efficiency of these combination and each process as well on treatment of pesticide containing wastewater. Experimental results demonstrated that the model of technologies combined was high effective in removing organic pollutants from wastewater. However, the specific efficiency of cold plasma technology in treating wastewater was low. Treatment time, energy supply and wastewater characteristics are the factors which are necessary to be further studied for cold plasma technology application.
Evaluation of physicochemical and heavy metals characteristics in surface water under anthropogenic activities using multivariate statistical methods, Garra River, Ganges Basin, India
Authors: Ali Khan MohdYawar , Wen Jie
Published: November 2020

Water samples from twenty-six locations were collected during March 2014, to evaluate the spatial variation in the water quality of Garra River, Ganges Basin. The physicochemical and heavy metals concentration along the river water were significantly different between the natural and urbanized areas. In the case of the mainstream, the chemical oxygen demand (COD) and the biological oxygen demand (BOD5), which indicate the levels of organic pollution of the river water, were in the range of 8.1 - 51.4 mg/L and 5.8 – 26.9 mg/L, respectively. On the other hand, in the case of tributaries, these values were in the range of 19 – 36 mg/L and 11.2 – 20 mg/L, respectively. Multivariate statistical analysis was also carried out to discriminate sources of spatial variation of water quality. The results of principal component analysis (PCA) show the relationship between physicochemical parameters suggesting that the quality of water is mostly controlled by carbonate weathering. Dolomite is most likely to be present, which is a common source of Ca+ and Mg+. Spatial distribution of PO43- with a high concentration in the downstream area of river (average 0.35 mg/L) suggests runoff from agricultural fields in this region as the main source.
Rapid assessment of heavy metal-induced toxicity in water using micro-algal bioassay based on photosynthetic oxygen evolution
Authors: Hussain Fida , Eom Heonseop , Ali Toor Umair , Lee Chang Soo , Oh Sang-Eun
Published: November 2020

Toxicity assessment using microalgae adopted various endpoint measurements like mortality rate, photosynthetic activity, chlorophyll content, enzymatic activity, cell density, 14C assimilation, and phosphate uptake. These algal toxicity tests usually require 3-4 days of exposure time and laborious work to measure these endpoints parameters. In the present study, we described a simple and rapid toxicity assessment procedure using photosynthetic oxygen evolution as an endpoint measurement to determine heavy metal-induced toxicity. Oxygen evolution in gaseous phase was measured over a 12 h exposure time. The toxicity of six selected heavy metals was assessed. Concentrations of 1.02, 1.91, 0.46, 3.2, 7.5, and 65.6 mg/L were obtained as EC50 values for mercury, silver, cyanide, copper, cadmium, and hexavalent chromium, respectively, for microalgae (Chlorella vulgaris). Our results demonstrated that hexavalent chromium is less sensitive depending on the conditions (low exposure time, pH 6, and high initial biomass). Toxicities in decreasing order of strength were cyanide > mercury > silver > copper > cadmium > hexavalent chromium. Results obtained in the current and earlier studies demonstrate that photosynthetic oxygen evolution offers an alternative endpoint measurement to assess toxicity since it allows sensitive and rapid detection of heavy metal-induced toxicity in water.
Power Management Strategy between PV-Wind
Hybrid System Using Cuckoo MPPT Techniques
Authors: P Suresh Babu and Dr. S N V Ganesh
Published: November 2020

The main theme of this paper is to maintain a power management strategy in grid interfaced hybrid
system. Here, the PV and Wind Energy Systems considered hybrid connection systems. Wind and PV
systems are more efficient DG systems, as freely available in nature. The DFIG based wind system is
designed to generate 16kW and Solar system is designed for rating of 20kW power generation. In addition
with battery management system also used for back-up purpose. An MPPT based DC-DC converters are
proposed for both PV and Wind systems to improve the reliability and effective power management between
the systems under different load conditions. This proposed system is verified in MATLAB simulink
environment
Geografii teatrale pe firul istoriei și al râului (I): Tamisa la Londra
Authors: Stamatoiu Cristian
Published: November 2020

The Antique settlement of Londinium became, under the name of London, a center of medieval civilization which later came to know an original way to cultivate the continental Renaissance. An item of this assimilation process was the evolution of the local primary spectacology towards the Elizabethan theatre and next, to the king Jacob I’s époque. The liaison between these was ensured by the sons of two artisans (a carpenter and a glover, formerly a mayor!) from Stratford-on-Avon: John Burbage and William Shakespeare, who also determine the geography of the theaters on the two banks of the River Thames at London.
Începuturile teatrului românesc în Transilvania
Authors: Vasiniuc Tiberius
Published: November 2020

Through our conference, we will try to sketch a social, political and cultural context in which the first forms of Romanian theater made their presence felt. These are "The Bishop’s Judgment", "Comedia ambulatoria alumnorum" and "A școlasticilor de la Blaj facere", the first Romanian plays, written to be staged by students from schools in Transylvania. At the same time, we will show that these 'theatrical attempts', even if they cannot be called fully dramatic, show some features of the classical theater.
Fıkıh Usûlündeki Nesh Teorisine Göre Kur’an’da Geçen Haber İfadelerinin Neshi
Authors: ÇETİNTAŞ Recep
Published: November 2020

İslâm’ın ilk dönemlerinden başlayarak âlimler neshin mahiyeti, delilleri ve Kur’an’da geçen emir ve nehiy ifadeleri yanında haber ifadelerinin neshin konusu olup olmayacağı meseleleri üzerinde yoğunlaşarak bir nesh teorisi meydana getirmişlerdir. Bu bağlamda şer’î hüküm içeren haber ifadelerinin emir ve nehiy manasında oldukları için metninin daha sonra gelen şer’î bir delille nesh edilmesi caiz görülmüştür. Haberin ifade ettiği şeye (medlûl) gelince; Allah’ın sıfatları ve kıyametin kopuşu gibi değişmesi mümkün olmayan şeylerden ise, yalana yol açacağı için, bunun nesh edilmesi caiz görülmemiştir. Bu iki konuda âlimler ittifak etmişlerdir. Geçmişte olanları ve gelecekte olacak hâdiseleri bildiren haberin ifade ettiği şeyin neshin konusu olup olmayacağı konusunda ise ihtilafa düşmüşlerdir. Keza vaad ve vaid bildiren haberler ile ebedîlikle kayıtlanan haber ifadelerini neshin caiz olup olmayacağı da tartışma konusu olmuştur. Burada Kur’an’da geçen haber ifadelerinin hangisinin nesh edilmesinin mümkün, hangisinin mümkün olmadığı meselesinin ana hatlarıyla ortaya konulması amaçlanmıştır.
RELIGIOUS AND PHYSIOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVES OF HUMAN SPEECH UNIQUENESS
Authors: AHMED Khalid Ahmed Hassan
Published: November 2020

This study aims at surveying some verses of the Holly Qur'an and equating them with some aspects of the scientific physiological makeup of the human body. The previous research projects have concentrated on the physiological aspects of human speech uniqueness neglecting the religious aspects that make human speech and language a divine privilege that distinguishes human beings from other creatures. We believe that a review and analysis of the verses of creation in the Holly Qur'an will support the hypothesis that human speech and language is unique in terms of this upright creation which is needed to fulfill the religious obligations and to comprehend these religious teachings. Furthermore, the review of the scientific physiological makeup of the human organs of speech in particular will support the religious aspects of the study. To process this study first an intensive survey over the concerned Qur'an verses of creation and language endowment then some correlation between these reviewed verses and the studies in the physiological makeup of the organs of speech will be made. The qualitative content analysis approach will be followed for data collection, analysis, interpretation and discussion. Key words: Language Uniqueness, Supremacy, Upright Creation, Animal Communication, Honor, Vicegerent, Soul Blowing.
FACTORS INFLUENCING JOB REJECTIONS IN CLOUD ENVIRONMENT
Authors: S RASHMI K. , V SUMA. , M VAIDEHI.
Published: November 2020

The IT organizations invests heavy capital by consuming large scale infrastructure and advanced operating platforms. The advances in technology has resulted in emergence of cloud computing, which is promising technology to achieve the aforementioned objective. At the peak hours, the jobs arriving to the cloud system are normally high demanding efficient execution and dispatch. An observation that has been carried out in this paper by capturing a job arriving pattern from a monitoring system explains that most of the jobs get rejected because of lack of efficient technology. The job rejections can be controlled by certain factors such as job scheduling and load balancing. Therefore, in this paper the efficiency of Round Robin (RR) scheduling strategy used for job scheduling and Shortest Job First Scheduling (SJFS) technique used for load balancing in reducing the job rejections are analyzed. Further, a proposal for an effective load balancing approach to avoid deadlocks has been discussed.
Glaucoma Detection from Color Fundus Images
Authors: Mishra Madhusudan , Nath Malaya Kumar , Dandapat Samarendra
Published: November 2020

Glaucoma is a pathological condition, progressive neurodegeneration of the optic nerve, which causes vision loss. The damage to the optic nerve occurs due to the increase in pressure within the eye. Glaucoma is evaluated by monitoring intra ocular pressure (IOP), visual field and the optic disc appearance (cup-to-disc ratio). Cup-to disc ratio (CDR) is normally a time invariant feature. Therefore, it is one of the most accepted indicator of this disease and the disease progression. In this paper, active contour method is used to find the CDR from the color fundus images to determine pathological process of glaucoma. The method is applied on 25 nos of color fundus images obtained from optic disc organization UK having normal and pathological images. The proposed technique able to categorize all the glaucoma disease images.
Digitization of India - Impact on the BOP Sector
Authors: Raj Keerthan , Aithal P. S.
Published: November 2020

India is the fastest growing economy in the world. It is also the seventh largest economy in the world by GDP measure and the second largest in terms of Purchasing Power Parity (PPP). The digital Indian plan was a major step by the government in India to bring all segments into purview. It has a three pronged agenda of providing infrastructure, governance and digital empowerment to every citizen. This initiative will transform the economy of the nation and make it among the top seven countries globally to go completely digital. But, inherently this exercise was a critical need to get the vast population and the informal sector into the folds of accountability and get statistics on the informal economy in India. Although, there is no accurate figure defined as BOP for the Indian sector by the government statistical organizations, the below poverty line statistics published by the government look at people living on even less than $ 0.45 per day. Such being the socio economic situation with the thrust on a lot of developmental measures and poverty alleviation methods, there has been a significant improvement in employment opportunities and as per some statistics we have seen a large number of households moving out of dire poverty. The importance of these digitization efforts is planned economic and societal growth triggered by a massive adoption of digital technologies. This paper studies the various action plans in digitization and their impact on the BOP sector in India.
Dampak Program Pemberdayaan Ekonomi Lokal terhadap Perubahan Sosial Ekonomi Masyarakat Adat di Kabupaten Biak Numfor
Authors: Musaad Muhammad , Dahrif Hariman
Published: November 2020

Abstrak

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memahami dan menjelaskan perubahan sosial dan ekonomi masyarakat adat, dari respons penerimaanhinggapelaksanaan program pemberdayaan ekonomi lokal di Kabupaten Biak Numfor.Analisis menggunakan paradigma fenomonologi, pendekatan kualitatif, dengan pola pikir induktif-deduktif, atau induktif abstraktif. Analisis datanya dilakukan melalui analisis Spradely meliputi tema-tema domain yang diabstraksi dari lapangan, analisis komponensial dan tema kultural. Pendalaman kajian ditempuh dengan analisis konten serta teknik triangulasi. Hasilnya adalah perubahan sosial ekonomi mengarah pada dua kecenderungan, yaitu: pertama; keinginan mengintegrasikan usaha yang dipicu oleh etos kerja subsisten produktif,dan kedua; menjadikan bantuan-bantuan tersebut sebagai mata pencaharian bahkan konsumtif, menghasilkan etos kerja subsisten konsumtif. Namun, akibat pemaksaan (coertion) yang dilakukan oleh pelaksana dalam mengimplementasikan program tersebut, masyarakat adat pada tingkat lokal (mikro) melakukan “penyesuaian diri” (self-adaptation). Pada tingkat regional (meso dan makro) dalam hal mengembangkan usaha, memperluas distribusi dan akses pemasaran masyarakat adat mengalami “penyesuian hidup” (life conditional) dengan berbagai kebijakan yang belum disentuh oleh pelaksana (aktor) dan program pemberdayaan ekonomi lokal selama ini.
Model Komunikasi Guru dalam Meningkatkan Motivasi Belajar
Authors: Marehan Eqi
Published: November 2020

Penelitian ini membahas komunikasi interpersonal guru dalam model interaksional untuk meningkatkan motivasi belajar siswa Sekolah Dasar Negeri 27 Jelitik Sungailiat Bangka. Teori yang digunakan adalah model interaksional.Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah deskriptif dengan pendekatan kualitatif. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan wawancara, observasi, dan dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian komponen input bertujuan memotivasi guru pelajaran, guru kelas, dan siswa-siswa untuk mengikuti proses belajar mengajar dengan baik agar nilai siswa menjadi baik sehingga memudahkan langkah-langkah para guru dalam memajukan kualitas proses belajar mengajar.Komponen proses, yaknikomunikator, adalah para guru termasuk kepala sekolah. Gaya komunikasi dilakukan dua arah, komunikasi verbal dan nonverbal. Komponen output berupa sikap berubah siswa lebih baik, lebih percaya diri. Efeknya adalah guru termotivasi memajukan kualitas pembelajaran sehingga bisa menjadi lebih baik dan menjadikan SD Negeri 27 Jelitik ini sebagai role model bagi sekolah lainnya yang ada di gugus yang sama.