bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Étude structurale de quelques sulfures de plomb et d'arsenic naturels du gisement de Binn
Authors: Le Bihan Marie-Thérèse
Published: October 2018

Nous avons déterminé les structures de quatre minéraux :

— La baumhauérite, de formule Pb₅As₉S₁₈, est triclinique :

a = 22,78, b = 8,33, c = 7,90 Â ; α = γ = go°, β = 970 24'.

Le groupe spatial est P ï : la méthode statistique de Rogers a mis en évidence l'existence du centre de symétrie.

— La rathite I, de formule Pb₇As₉S₂O, est monoclinique :

a = 8,43, b = 25,80, c = 7,91 Â ; β = 90°.

Le groupe spatial est P2₁ ; ce minéral présente un fort module piézoélectrique. —

La rathite II, Pb₉As₁₃S₂₈, est monoclinique :

a = 8,43, b -70,9, c = 7,91 Â ; β = 90°.

Le groupe spatial, P2₁, a été confirmé par l'étude des diagrammes de Patterson.

— La rathite III, Pb₆As₁₀S₂₀, est monoclinique :

a = 24,52, b = 7,91, c = 8,43 Â ; β = 90°.

Le groupe spatial est P2₁ ; l'absence de miroir a été déduite de l'aspect de la projection de Patterson sur le plan (001).

L'étude structurale a été conduite de façon classique. L'analyse des fonctions de Patterson, à deux et à trois dimensions, a permis de localiser tous les atomes de plomb dans chaque structure. Les positions des atomes légers ont été déduites de l'examen des projections de Fourier, et de l'interprétation des diagrammes de séries-différences. Ainsi, nous avons attribué à chaque minéral une formule chimique que les analyses n'avaient pu fixer de façon certaine.

Il résulte de notre étude qu'aucune liaison Pb-As n'existe dans ces structures : les minéraux étudiés sont des sulfures d'arsenic et de plomb. Chaque atome d'arsenic est au sommet d'une pyramide triangulaire dont la base est formée de trois atomes de soufre. Des chaînes As-S₂ s'étendent parallèlement à la direction d'allongement des cristaux.

Nous avons comparé la structure de la sartorite (PbAs₂S₄), avec les structures des quatre minéraux que nous avons étudiés : ainsi, nous avons montré qu'il existe dans ces composés trois types particuliers de groupements atomiques, que nous avons appelés : S, Ri et Rm.
Étude cristallographique des édifices stalactitiques
Authors: Andrieux C.
Published: October 2018

On admettait jusqu'à ce jour, que l'allongement des édifices rupestres stalactiformes se faisait sensiblement suivant l'axe ternaire du rhomboèdre de calcite (2,3,4.). On admettait également que l'axe ternaire était orienté dans la direction de la pesanteur.

La découverte de nouveaux édifices stalactitiques, monocristallins, de forme polyédrique, nous a permis de vérifier que la direction de l'axe ternaire est indépendante de la pesanteur. Nous n'avons rencontré aucun édifice stalactiforme dont l'axe A3 et l'axe d'allongement soient confondus.

On montre que l'allongement des stalactites monocristallines se fait suivant des rangées privilégiées du réseau rhomboédrique, que le monocristal ne possède plus qu'un seul plan de symétrie et qu'un seul plan de clivage facile.
GLOBAL GEOID ADJUSTMENT ON LOCAL AREA FOR GIS APPLICATIONS USING GNSS PERMANENT STATION COORDINATES
Authors: Falchi Ugo , Parente Claudio , Prezioso Giuseppina
Published: October 2018

Orthometric heights, useful for many engineering and geoscience applications, can be obtained by GPS (Global Positioning System) surveys only when an accurate geoid undulation model (that supplies the vertical separation between the geoid and WGS84 ellipsoid) is available for the considered topic area. Global geoid height models (i.e., EGM2008), deriving from satellite gravity measurements suitably integrated with other data are free available on web, but their accuracy is often not sufficient for the user’s purposes. More accurate local models can nevertheless be acquired, but often only for a fee. GPS/levelling surveys are suitable for determining a local, accurate geoid model, but may be too expensive. This paper aims to demonstrate that GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System) Permanent Station documents (monographs), freely available on the web and supplying orthometric and ellipsoidal heights, permit to calculate precise geoidal undulations useful to perform global geoid modelling on a local area. In fact, in this study 25 GNSS Permanent Stations (GNSS PS), located in North-Western Italy are considered: the differences between GNSS PS geoidal heights and the corresponding EGM2008 1′ × 1′ ones are used as a starting dataset for Ordinary Kriging applications. The resulting model is summed to the EGM2008 1′ × 1′, obtaining a better-performed model of the interest area. The accuracy tests demonstrate that the resulting model is better than EGM2008 grids to produce contours from a GPS dataset for large-scale mapping.
Tidal Features at 0.05 < z < 0.45 in the Hyper Suprime-Cam Subaru Strategic Program: Properties and Formation Channels
Authors: Kado-Fong E. , Greene J. E. , Hendel D. , Price-Whelan A. M. , Greco J. P. , Goulding A. D. , Huang S. , Johnston K. V. , Komiyama Y. , Lee C.-H. , Lust N. B. , Strauss M. A. , Tanaka M.
Published: October 2018

We present 1201 galaxies at 0.05 < z < 0.45 that host tidal features in the first ∼200 deg2 of imaging from the Hyper Suprime-Cam Subaru Strategic Program (HSC-SSP). We select these galaxies from a sample of 21,208 galaxies with spectroscopic redshifts drawn from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) spectroscopic campaigns. Of these galaxies, we identify 214 shell systems and 987 stream systems. For 575 of these systems, we are additionally able to measure the (g−i) colors of the tidal features. We find evidence for star formation in a subset of the streams, with the exception of streams around massive ellipticals, and find that stream host galaxies span the full range of stellar masses in our sample. Galaxies that host shells are predominantly red and massive: we find that observable shells form more frequently around ellipticals than around disk galaxies of the same stellar mass. Although the majority of the shells in our sample are consistent with being formed by minor mergers, 15% ± 4.4% of shell host galaxies have (g−i) colors as red as their host galaxy, consistent with being formed by major mergers. These “red shell” galaxies are preferentially aligned with the major axis of the host galaxy, as previously predicted from simulations. We suggest that although the bulk of the observable shell population originates from fairly minor mergers, which preferentially form shells that are not aligned with the major axis of the galaxy, major mergers produce a significant number of observable shells.
Temporal Variability and Estimation of Jet Parameters for Ton 599
Authors: Patel S. R. , Chitnis V. R. , Shukla A. , Rao A. R. , Nagare B. J.
Published: October 2018

The TeV blazar Ton 599 has exhibited a peculiar flare in 2017 November. The temporal variation of the source is studied using simultaneous γ-ray data from the Fermi Large Area Telescope and radio data from the Owens Valley Radio Observatory’s 40 m telescope, over the period of 9 yr. Four major flaring periods are observed in the γ-ray energy band of 0.1–300 GeV. These periods are studied on a shorter timescale and modeled with a time-dependent function containing exponential rising and decaying components. The physical parameters of the jet are estimated numerically and compared with those reported in the literature. During the fourth flare, a bunch of high-energy photons (>10 GeV) were detected. The two highest-energy photons, with energies of 76.9 and 61.9 GeV, are detected on MJD 58,059.0 and 58,073.3, respectively. This observation possibly constrains the γ-ray emission region to lie near the outer edge or outside the broad-line region of size ∼0.08 pc. The variation of equivalent width of an Mg ii line is studied using the spectroscopic data from Steward Observatory. It was observed that the equivalent width of the line varies inversely with the underlying power-law continuum.
One Thousand Days of SN2015bn: HST Imaging Shows a Light Curve Flattening Consistent with Magnetar Predictions
Authors: Nicholl Matt , Blanchard Peter K. , Berger Edo , Alexander Kate D. , Metzger Brian D. , Bhirombhakdi Kornpob , Chornock Ryan , Coppejans Deanne , Gomez Sebastian , Margalit Ben , Margutti Raffaella , Terreran Giacomo
Published: October 2018

We present the first observations of a Type I superluminous supernova (SLSN) at ≳1000 days after maximum light. We observed SN 2015bn using the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) Advanced Camera for Surveys in the F475W, F625W and F775W filters at 721 days and 1068 days. SN 2015bn is clearly detected and resolved from its compact host, allowing reliable photometry. A galaxy template constructed from these data further enables us to isolate the SLSN flux in deep ground-based imaging. We measure a light curve decline rate at >700 days of 0.19 ± 0.03 mag(100 d)−1, much shallower than the earlier evolution, and slower than previous SLSNe (at any phase) or the decay rate of 56Co. Neither additional radioactive isotopes nor a light echo can consistently account for the slow decline. A spectrum at 1083 days shows the same [O i] λ6300 and [Ca ii] λ7300 lines as seen at ∼300–400 days, with no new features to indicate strong circumstellar interaction. Radio limits with the Very Large Array rule out an extended wind for mass-loss rates

yr−1 (where v
10 is the wind velocity in units of 10 km s−1). The optical light curve is consistent with L ∝ t
−4, which we show is expected for magnetar spin-down with inefficient trapping; furthermore, the evolution matches predictions from earlier magnetar model fits. The opacity to magnetar radiation is constrained at ∼0.01 cm2 g−1, consistent with photon-matter pair-production over a broad ∼GeV–TeV range. This suggests that the magnetar spectral energy distribution, and hence the “missing energy” leaking from the ejecta, may peak in this range.
Measurement of the spent fuel rod cladding temperature during the in-pile testing at 500 – 900°C
Authors: Dreganov Oleg I. , Shulimov Vitalij N. , Kiselyova Irina V. , Alekseev Aleksandr V.
Published: October 2018

This paper deals with the problem of measuring the VVER-1000 burnup fuel cladding temperature in a 500–900°C range in the process of experiments in a channel of the MIR research reactor to obtain data on the fuel element behavior under the influence of the parameters typical of the maximum design-basis loss-of-coolant accident (LOCA). Studying the burnup fuel cladding deformation pattern requires measurements of the cladding temperature with no (thermal, mechanical and other) impacts on the cladding in the maximum deformation region.

For dynamic experiments in the MIR reactor channel with fuel testing in a vapor-gas environment, a cladding temperature measuring unit has been developed, in which the cladding is not subjected to external impacts in the maximum deformation region. In the process of being installed into the spacer grid, the thermoelectric transducer (TET) has its hot junction forced against the cladding making it possible to prevent the external impact on the cladding. The thermometric characteristic of the TET attachment, which is associated with the impact of the grid as such on its thermal condition, was studied using a laboratory facility. This technique was used in an in-pile experiment to study the fuel cladding deformation pattern.
Elaboration of approach to nuclear energy systems assessment by criterion of sustainable development
Authors: Usanov Vladimir I. , Kviatkovskii Stepan A. , Andrianov Andrey A.
Published: October 2018

The paper describes the approach to the assessment of nuclear energy systems based on the integral indicator characterizing the level of their sustainability and results of comparative assessment of several nuclear energy system options incorporating different combinations of nuclear reactors and nuclear fuel cycle facilities. The nuclear energy systems are characterized by achievement of certain key events pertaining to the following six subject areas: economic performance, safety, availability of resources, waste handling, non-proliferation and public support. Achievement of certain key events is examined within the time interval until 2100, while the key events per se are assessed according to their contribution in the achievement of sustainable development goals. It was demonstrated that nuclear energy systems based on the once-through nuclear fuel cycle with thermal reactors and uranium oxide fuel do not score high according to the integral sustainable development indicator even in the case when the issue of isolation of spent nuclear fuel in geological formation is resolved. Gradual replacement of part of thermal reactors with fast reactors and closing the nuclear fuel cycle results in the achievement of evaluated characteristics in many subject areas, which are close to maximum requirements of sustainable development, and in the significant enhancement of the sustainability indicator.
La reconstruction du Liban… un chantier semé d’embûches
Authors: El-Ezzi Ghassan
Published: October 2018

La fin de la guerre au Liban a vu s’ouvrir une période de reconstruction transformant le pays en un immense chantier. Mais cette reconstruction s’avère particulièrement difficile et soulève des problématiques très complexes : ses acteurs sont nombreux et ses enjeux s’enchevêtrent entre un système international en grande mutation et une région marquée par le règlement introuvable du conflit israélo-arabe.
La guerre civile est-elle réellement finie ?
Authors: Menassa Samuel , M. El-Masry Eliane
Published: October 2018

Partant de la question suivante : quelle est la situation politique libanaise à la suite de l’accord dit de réconciliation nationale de Taëf (Arabie saoudite) qui mit un terme à plus de 15 ans de guerre civile (1975-1990), l’objectif de cette étude est double : savoir si, douze ans après cette guerre, il y a un consensus entre les différentes parties libanaises sur les principaux thèmes, politiques, sociaux, économiques, etc., et savoir si la guerre civile a pris fin à la suite d’une entente entre les protagonistes ou à la suite d’une victoire d’une des parties qui a imposé sa propre conception du Liban. Ces deux objectifs seront atteints en essayant de répondre à trois questions principales : comment la guerre libanaise a-t-elle fini ? Pourquoi est-elle finie ? Et finalement, est-elle réellement finie ?
Les enjeux de la terre et de l’eau
Authors: Salam Omar
Published: October 2018

L’agriculture libanaise connaît de lourdes difficultés et est devenue un enjeu politique, économique et social important. La mise en place d’une stratégie agricole nouvelle est par ailleurs primordiale pour certaines régions du pays plus particulièrement concernées et doit s’accompagner d’une valorisation des richesses en eau jusqu’ici peu exploitée.
Homoparentalité
Authors: Hefez Serge
Published: October 2018

Bien des enfants sont aujourd’hui élevés par des parents homosexuels. Ces familles homoparentales recouvrent diverses réalités que connaissent aussi les autres : adoption, procréation médicalement assistée, gestation pour autrui, parenté sociale, coparentalité. Ces situations interrogent notre conception de la famille et de la filiation, entre lien biologique et liens électifs d’engagements d’adultes auprès d’enfants.
LEIS y SKP mapas de las etapas iniciales de corrosión localizada de AA6061-T6 en un substituto de agua de mar diluido
Authors: Acosta Gloria , Veleva Lucien
Published: October 2018

Mapas de Espectroscopia de Impedancia Electroquímica Localizada (LEIS) y de Sonda Kelvin de Barrido (SKP) fueron adquiridos para caracterizar las etapas iniciales de corrosión localizada de AA6061-T6 en agua de mar sustituta diluida hasta 24 h, simulando un ambiente atmosférico poco contaminado en cloruros. Ambas mediciones fueron llevadas a cabo in situ en potencial de circuito abierto. Los mapas de LEIS mostraron la distribución de la magnitud de la impedancia |Z| en la superficie de la aleación, sugiriendo una heterogeneidad en el desarrollo de sitios activos frente a la corrosión (primeras picaduras). Los mapas de SKP evidenciaron la aparición de sitios anódicos (con potencial más negativo) y catódicos en la superficie de la aleación, lo que confirmó el carácter localizado de la corrosión. El análisis SEM-EDX reveló el inicio de la disolución de aluminio, localizado en la vecindad de partículas intermetálicas de Al-Fe-Si, ricas en hierro, y en áreas con carbono segregado, todas éstas actuando como cátodos y permaneciendo en la superficie con el avance del proceso.
CLASSIFICATION OF ICTAL EEG USING MODELING BASED SPECTRAL AND TEMPORAL FEATURES ON INSTANTANEOUS AMPLITUDE-FREQUENCY COMPONENTS OF IMFs
Authors: Biju K. S. , Jibukumar M. G.
Published: October 2018

In the present study, a method for classifying the different ictal stages in electroencephalogram (EEG) signals is proposed. The main symptoms of epilepsy are indicated by ictal activities, which trigger widespread neurological disorders other than stroke and thus affect the world population. In this work, a novel ictal classification method that combines the spectral and temporal features of twin components in Hilbert–Huang transform is proposed. Spectral features of instantaneous amplitude (IA) function are obtained based on the power spectral density of autoregressive (AR) modeling. Here four different cases of ictal activities of EEG signal are classified. In each case first and second intrinsic mode function of Hilbert–Huang transform are tabulated. The power spectral density of AR(6) and AR(10) model are done for IA1 and IA2 components of each case. Temporal features of either instantaneous frequency (IF) function or IA are computed. The feature vectors are tested in a well-known database of different classes in interictal, ictal, and normal activities of EEG signals. The discriminating power of each vector is evaluated through one-way analysis of variance, and the classification results are verified using an artificial neural network (ANN) classifier. The performance of the classifier was assessed in term of sensitivity, specificity, and total classification accuracy. The spectral features of the AR(10) of IA and the temporal features of IA yielded 100% accuracy, 100% sensitivity, and 100% specificity in the ictal classification. By contrast, these features obtained only 83.33% of the total classification accuracy in ictal and interictal EEG signal.
CELL LADEN ALGINATE/ALBUMIN HYDROGEL FIBERS FOR POTENTIAL SKIN TISSUE ENGINEERING APPLICATIONS
Authors: Cascone Maria Grazia , Rosellini Elisabetta , Maltinti Simona , Baldassare Andrea , Lazzeri Luigi
Published: October 2018

Alginate hydrogel fibers are receiving a great attention for tissue engineering applications. However, an important limitation of alginate is that it does not provide cell adhesion motifs. In this work, albumin was blended with alginate to improve the compatibility of alginate fibers with cells. Cell laden alginate/albumin fibers, potentially usable for skin regeneration, were obtained through a spinning process, by extruding an alginate/albumin solution containing cells into a calcium chloride solution. Cell laden pure alginate fibers were prepared for comparison. Plain alginate and alginate/albumin fibers were also produced. Morphological, mechanical and functional properties of the produced fibers were investigated. In addition, the ability of the fibers to release albumin and to support the viability and growth of A549 cells embedded into them was studied. Fibers with a uniform shape and an average diameter within the range 550–570[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]m were produced. The water content was [Formula: see text]% for alginate fibers, and [Formula: see text]% for alginate/albumin fibers. Stress–strain tests showed, up to a strain value of 20%, the same Young’s modulus for the produced fibers, regardless of the presence of albumin. Overall, obtained results demonstrated that morphology, size, hydrophilicity and mechanical properties were not affected by albumin. Albumin was gradually released over a period of 4 days, with a residual amount (13%) remaining into the fibers. Viability test was carried out on A549 cells, laden inside alginate and alginate/albumin fibers, to evaluate cell proliferation ability. A favorable effect of albumin on the loaded cells was evidenced by a faster kinetics of growth.
Soret and Dufour Effects on Viscoelastic Radiative and Heat Absorbing Nanofluid Driven by a Stretched Sheet with Inclined Magnetic Field
Authors: Sharma Rohit , Hussain Syed Modassir , Mishra Garima
Published: October 2018

An investigation has been performed to analyze the impacts of Soret and Dufour on natural convective and heat absorbing flow of viscoelastic radiative nanofluid driven by a linearly stretched sheet considering inclined magnetic field. By making use of suitable linear transformations, the mathematical equations of problem are changed into the extremely non-linear coupled system of ordinary differential equations. Further, solutions of these differential equations are obtained by implementing GFEM (Galerkin finite element method). The consequence of various controlling pertinent parameters on nanofluid velocity, solutal concentration, temperature and nanofluid concentration are illustrated by means of various graphs while from engineering aspect numerical values of the shear stress, wall temperature gradient, solutal and nanoparticles concentration rate at the stretched sheet are presented in different tables. The numerical results are compared for mono and double diffusive nanofluids which yield that the aligned magnetic field, viscoelasticity, solutal and Brownian diffusivity have significant impacts on the flow field. The reliability of implemented method is authenticated by comparing our results with the previously published results under certain conditions, which signifies the correctness of the implemented method. The present investigation is applicable in several industrial processes such as coolant application, nano-drug delivery, cooling of microchip, heat exchanger technology, biological fluid movement and oceanography etc.Keywords: Magnetic field; Viscoelastic nanofluid; Thermal radiation; Heat absorption
Melting Heat Transfer in Magnetohydrodynamic Carreau Fluid over a Thermally Stratified Parabolic Surface
Authors: Kumaran G. , Lakshminarayana Pallava , Reddy Bala Anki , Sandeep N.
Published: October 2018

In this paper, we theoretically analyzed the effects of non-uniform heat source/sink on the magnetohydrodynamic dissipative flow of a Carreau fluid towards a thermally stratified melting surface of the paraboloid of revolution. Exponential heat source along with the temperature dependent thermal conductivity and viscosity are taken into account. The representing differential conditions are changed into an arrangement of non-straight coupled ODE’s and solved by employing the R-K with shooting system. Numerical arrangements are obtained from the flow, temperature profiles of various parametric values and after that domino effect are exhibited graphically and also a friction factor and local Sherwood number of various physical parameters are demonstrated graphically and in tabular form. Boosting values of the Weissenberg number increase both the velocity and thermal profiles of Carreau fluid. Rising values of velocity power law index parameter depreciate both the flow and local Sherwood number.
Homotopy Analysis Method for Radiation and Hydrodynamic-Thermal Slips Effects on MHD Flow and Heat Transfer Impinging on Stretching Sheet
Authors: Mabood Fazle , Lorenzini Giulio , Pochai Nopparat , Shateyi Stanford
Published: October 2018

This article deals with the analytical study of MHD flow and heat transfer over a permeable stretching sheet via homotopy analysis method (HAM). The effect of thermal radiation is included in the energy equation, while velocity and thermal slips are included in the boundary conditions. The governing boundary layer equations are transformed into a set of ordinary differential equations by means of similarity transformations. The effects of different parameters on the flow field and heat transfer characteristics are examined. The results obtained were shown to compare well with the numerical results and for some special cases with the published data available in the literature, which are in favorable agreement. Keywords: MHD; Slip flow; Stretching sheet; Thermal radiation; Homotopy analysis method
Thermodynamic Analysis of the Performance of an Irreversible PEMFC
Authors: Li Chang Jie , Liu Ye , Ma Zhe Shu
Published: October 2018

An irreversible model of proton exchange membrane fuel cells working at steady-state is established, in which the irreversibility resulting from overpotentials, internal currents and leakage currents are taken into account．In this paper, the irreversibility of fuel cell is expounded mainly from electrochemistry. The general performance characteristic curves are generated including output voltage, output power and output efficiency. In addition, the irreversibility of a class of PEMFC is studied by changing the operating conditions (controllable factors) of the fuel cell, including effect of operating temperature, operating pressure and leakage current. The results provide a theoretical basis for both the operation and optimal design of real PEM fuel cells．
Combined Effects of Electric Field and Magnetic Field on Electro Hydrodynamic Dispersion of Macromolecular Components in Biological Bearing
Authors: Nagaraj Channabasappa , Dinesh P.A. , Kalavathi G. K.
Published: October 2018

This paper deals with synovial joints which are characterized by their large degree of motion. In synovial joints, magnetic field in addition to electric field is added to disperse the nutrients from the synovial fluid to cartilage by considering both BJ and BJR conditions. The governing equation of the physical model is solved analytically and computations are carried out for the parameters involved in the system under different boundary conditions. The obtained computational results indicate that a drastic improvement can be found for the efficiency of artificial joints with combined effects of electric and magnetic fields on electrohydrodynamic dispersion of biological bearings.
Finite-Element Analysis of Fully Developed Mixed Convection through a Vertical Channel in the Presence of Heat Generation/Absorption with a First-Order Chemical Reaction
Authors: Mallikarjun Patil , Murthy Raghavendra Vasudeva , Mahabaleshwar Ulavathi Shettar , Chamkha Ali Jawad , Lorenzini Giulio
Published: October 2018

Fully developed Mixed Convection through vertical channel in the presence of heat generation/absorption with first order chemical reaction is analyzed.The thermal boundary conditions are isothermal–isothermal for left and right walls of the channel and kept at different temperatures.The effect of thermal buoyancy parameter, concentration buoyancy parameter and heat generation/absorption parameter are studied. Also the flow field with the presence of first order chemical reaction is particularly analyzed. The governing equations are solved using finite element method.Velocity, temperature and concentration profiles are investigated for different values of the flow parameters.
A Novel Platform for Cancer Vaccines: Antigen-Selective Delivery to Splenic Marginal Zone B Cells via Repeated Injections of PEGylated Liposomes
Authors: Shimizu Taro , Abu Lila Amr S. , Kawaguchi Yoshino , Shimazaki Yuna , Watanabe Yuki , Mima Yu , Hashimoto Yosuke , Okuhira Keiichiro , Storm Gert , Ishima Yu , Ishida Tatsuhiro
Published: October 2018

Treating cancer with vaccines has been a challenge. In this study, we introduce a novel Ag delivery platform for cancer vaccines that delivers an encapsulated Ag to splenic marginal zone B (MZ-B) cells via the aid of a PEGylated liposome (PL) system. Splenic MZ-B cells have recently attracted interest as alternative APCs. In mice, preimmunization with empty (no Ag encapsulation) PLs triggered the efficient delivery of a subsequent dose of Ag-containing PLs, injected 3 d later, to the spleen compared with a single dose of Ag-containing PLs. In addition, immunization with empty PLs allowed three subsequent sequential injections of OVA-PLs to efficiently induce a CTL response against OVA-expressing murine thymoma (EG7-OVA) cells and resulted in in vivo growth inhibition of subsequently inoculated EG7-OVA cells. However, these sequential treatments require repeated immunizations to achieve their antitumor effect. Therefore, to improve the antitumor effect of our novel vaccine system, an adjuvant, α-galactosylceramide (αGC), was incorporated into the OVA-PLs (αGC/OVA-PLs). As expected, the incorporation of αGC reduced the required number of immunizations with OVA-PLs to the point that a single immunization treatment with empty PLs and an injection of αGC/OVA-PL efficiently triggered a potent CTL induction, resulting in a rejection of the development and a suppression of the growth of tumors that had already developed s.c. Results of this study indicate that a novel Ag delivery platform that grants efficient Ag delivery to splenic MZ-B cells shows promise as a therapeutic modality for conquering tumor growth and/or progression.
Nuwe weë in die kategese
Authors: Smit C.J.
Published: October 2018

No abstract available.
Retracted: Comparative Effectuality of Two Pre-Procedural Mouthwashes during Debonding - A Clinical Study
Authors: Arshad Faisal , Kumar H. C. Shashi , Swamy G. S. Kartik , Lokesh N. K. , Begum Shamshad
Published: October 2018

At the request of the Editor-in-Chief and Editorial Board of the journal, the following article has been retracted:

Arshad F, Kumar HCS, Swamy GSK, Lokesh NK, Begum S. Comparative effectuality of two pre-procedural mouthwashes during debonding – A clinical study. J Indian Orthod Soc. 2018;52:248-254. DOI: 10.4103/jios.jios_245_17.
Rare Case of Sellar and Suprasellar Metastasis from Ewing’s Sarcoma of Tibia
Authors: Gupta Vinita , Aggarwal Kirti , Nishant Prateek , Arora Rajnish Kumar
Published: October 2018

We hereby report a case of metastatic Ewing’s sarcoma presenting with rapid-onset total ophthalmoplegia, optic atrophy, and right temporal hemianopia. Comprehensive ophthalmic and neurological evaluation with targeted radioimaging revealed a tumor mass centered over the sella, compressing optic chiasma, extending to involve the left cavernous sinus and the left orbital apex. Whole-body imaging revealed the evidence of multifocal lung and mediastinal metastasis with focal lytic defect in the left femoral head. Histopathological evaluation of transnasal punch biopsy from the nasopharyngeal extension of the tumor revealed small round-cell tumor with strong CD99 positivity, supporting the diagnosis of Ewing’s sarcoma. Rapid, aggressive extensions of the metastatic tumor into vital structures despite the initiation of chemoradiation of the extensive intracranial tumor led to unexpected demise of the patient. Our case is an unusual case of Ewing’s sarcoma metastasis manifesting as a sellar mass and mimicking a pituitary adenoma radiologically, with a rapid progression within 2 weeks to cause massive extension of tumor into suprasellar, infrasellar, and left parasellar area, indicative of highly malignant nature of the tumor.
Serum Interleukin-6 is Not Linked with Sleep-Quality, Restless Legs Syndrome, and Depression, But with 6-Month Survival in Hematological Malignancies
Authors: Chandra Smita , Gupta Vibha , Chandra Harish , Dhyani Mohan , Kotwal Aarti , Verma Sanjiv Kumar , Gupta Ravi
Published: October 2018

Background: Serum interleukin (IL)-6 has been found to be associated with sleep quality, mood, and survival in patients with solid tumors. Results in these studies were confounded by knowledge of diagnosis to study subjects. Moreover, such data among subjects with hematological malignancies and data regarding restless legs syndrome is limited. The present study was, therefore, conducted to assess the sleep quality, depression, and restless leg syndrome in hematological malignancies and to study if there is any role of IL6 associated with it. Methods: Sixty-six subjects having hematological malignancy were included in this study after excluding the potential confounders. Sleep quality was examined using Pittsburg Sleep Quality Index, depression by the Patient Health Questionnaire-9. Diagnosis of RLS was made through clinical examination. Serum for measurement of IL-6 was collected at baseline and after 1 month of initiation of chemotherapy. Patients were followed up for 6 months. Results: Average age of study subjects was 50.16 years with male predominance. Nearly 22.7% had clinical depression, 28.8% had poor quality sleep, and restless legs syndrome (RLS) was reported in 6.1% cases. Nearly 22.7% patients died at 6 months. Disturbed sleep at baseline was associated with depression (odds ratio [OR] =7.89) and poor 6 months survival. Serum IL-6 did not show any association with sleep quality, restless-legs-syndrome, and depression. However, baseline high level of serum IL-6 (OR = 26.06) and low level after chemotherapy (OR = 0.03) were associated with poor survival at 6 months. Conclusion: Poor quality sleep, depression, and RLS are prevalent among adult subjects with hematological malignancies. Sleep disturbance, high pretreatment inflammatory and lowering of inflammatory load after chemotherapy increase likelihood for poor prognosis. Serum IL-6 did not show any association with sleep quality, restless legs syndrome and depression.
Surgical Experience in Pediatric Patients with Chiari-I Malformations Aged ≤18 Years
Authors: Singhal Ghanshyam Das , Singhal Shakti , Agrawal Gunjan , Singhal Deepti , Arora Vipin
Published: October 2018

Objective: The objective of this study was to retrospectively study Chiari I malformation patients (<18 years) treated surgically. Materials and Methods: Chiari I malformation patients (<18 years) treated surgically at our institute were retrospectively studied. Results: During the study period between January 1999 and June 2011, fifty patients, aged ≤18 years with Chiari malformation, were treated surgically and formed the basis for this series. There were 21 female children (42%) and 29 male children (58%), with a female-to-male ratio of 1:1. At the last follow-up, oropharyngeal symptoms were improved in 33% (n = 3/9). Headache/neck/back pain improved in 69.56% of children (n = 16/23). Upper-extremity pain/weakness/numbness improved in 73.91% of children (n = 17/23). Ataxia improved in 66.66% of children (n = 4/6). Lower-limb weakness/hyperreflexia improved in 83.33% of children (n = 5/6). At follow-up, magnetic resonance imaging for patients with syrinx was available for 75% of patients (n = 30/50) and not available for 25% of patients (n = 10/40). Syrinx was diminished in size or resolved in 66.33% of patients (n = 19/30) and the remaining was same for 36.66% of patients (n = 11/30). Conclusions: The main goal of surgery is to arrest the progression of neurological deficits. Foramen magnum decompression with a lax duroplasty is the surgical procedure of choice.
Diagnostic Yield and Complication of Frameless Stereotactic Brain Biopsy
Authors: Taweesomboonyat Chin , Tunthanathip Thara , Sae-Heng Sakchai , Oearsakul Thakul
Published: October 2018

Background: With the advancement of neuronavigation technologies, frameless stereotactic brain biopsy has been developed. Previous studies proved that frameless stereotactic brain biopsy was as effective and safe as frame-based stereotactic brain biopsy. The authors aimed to find the factors associated with diagnostic yield and complication rate of frameless intracranial biopsy. Materials and Methods: Frameless stereotactic brain biopsy procedures, between March 2009 and April 2017, were retrospectively reviewed from medical records including imaging studies. Using logistic regression analysis, various factors were analyzed for association with diagnostic yield and postoperative complications. Results: Eighty-nine frameless stereotactic brain biopsy procedures were performed on 85 patients. The most common pathology was primary central nervous system lymphoma (43.8%), followed by low-grade glioma (15.7%), and high-grade glioma (15%), respectively. The diagnostic yield was 87.6%. Postoperative intracerebral hematoma occurred in 19% of cases; however, it was symptomatic in only one case. The size of the lesion was associated with both diagnostic yield and postoperative intracerebral hematoma complication. Lesions, larger than 3 cm in diameter, were associated with a higher rate of positive biopsy result (P = 0.01). Lesion 3 cm or smaller than 3 cm in diameter, and intraoperative bleeding associated with a higher percentage of postoperative intracerebral hematoma complications (P = 0.01). Conclusions: For frameless stereotactic brain biopsy, the size of the lesion is the essential factor determining diagnostic yield and postoperative intracerebral hematoma complication.
Construct Validation and Reliability Assessment of Tamil Version of Epworth Sleepiness Scale to Evaluate Daytime Sleepiness among Adolescents in Rural Puducherry, South India
Authors: Krishnamoorthy Yuvaraj , Sarveswaran Gokul , Sakthivel Manikandanesan , Kalaiselvy A. , Majella Marie Gilbert , Lakshminarayanan Subitha
Published: October 2018

Background: Epworth sleepiness scale (ESS) has been used widely in the assessment of daytime sleepiness for research and clinical purposes. Hence, this study was done to translate the ESS in Tamil and to assess the construct validity and reliability of the Tamil version among adolescents in rural Puducherry, South India. Materials and Methods: Translation of the ESS by native language experts and pilot tested with subsample of adolescents. Final Tamil version was administered among 789 Tamil-speaking adolescents in the selected villages of rural Puducherry (union territory in South India). Construct validity was assessed by exploratory factor analysis through principal component method. Confirmatory factor analysis was done to obtain the goodness-of-fit. Reliability of questionnaire was assessed through Cronbach's alpha coefficient. Results: Two factor structures were obtained with Eigenvalues of 3.49 and 1.09, respectively. Both factors accounted for about 57.4% of the variance. Two-factor model assessed by confirmatory factor method found Chi-square value of 215.57 (P < 0.001). Goodness-of-fit revealed acceptable comparative fit indices (0.91). The reliability coefficient (Cronbach's alpha) for complete ESS was 0.81. Factor-based analysis showed that the Cronbach's reliability coefficient was 0.83 and 0.75 for the first and second factor, respectively. Conclusion: Our study concludes that the ESS questionnaire is internally valid and consistent with good reliability coefficient for application in Tamil-speaking rural adolescents. However, further research can be done to content validate the questionnaire with standard diagnostic tool.
Clinical Case Presentation on Absence Seizures Diagnosis and Treatment Care Services and Outcomes in an Adult Patient
Authors: Umashankar M. S. , Kumar A. Bharath
Published: October 2018

Absence seizures are often associated with impaired or loss of consciousness clinically proved to have an impact on motor and cognitive abnormalities of the nerve cells of the brain. Seizure admits several etiopathophysiological events leading to several neurofunctional changes in the reticulothalamocortical circuitry zones of the central nervous system. This paves the episodes of absence seizure events. A clinical case report of absence seizure in a 25 years age adult patient came to the hospital with impaired consciousness. The brain magnetic resonance imaging scanning of the patient detected a small focal flair hypertensive area in the right parasellar region close to cavernous sinus with mild flair hypersensitivity in the left cavernous sinuses, right maxillary, and ethmoid sinusitis. The electroencephalogram of the brain showed normal waves with electrode artifacts was observed. The patient was confirmed with absence seizures, and he was treated with oxcarbazepine 150 mg twice daily. The patient was recovered from seizure and discharged with medications. He was called for follow-up examination once in 3-month period.
A thermodynamic description for the hygroscopic growth of atmospheric aerosol particles
Authors: Castarède Dimitri , Thomson Erik S.
Published: October 2018

Abstract. The phase state of atmospheric particulate is important to atmospheric
processes, and aerosol radiative forcing remains a large uncertainty in
climate predictions. That said, precise atmospheric phase behavior is
difficult to quantify and observations have shown that “precondensation” of
water below predicted saturation values can occur. We propose a revised
approach to understanding the transition from solid soluble particles to
liquid droplets, typically described as cloud condensation nucleation – a
process that is traditionally captured by Köhler theory, which describes
a modified equilibrium saturation vapor pressure due to (i) mixing entropy
(Raoult's law) and (ii) droplet geometry (Kelvin effect). Given that
observations of precondensation are not predicted by Köhler theory, we
devise a more complete model that includes interfacial forces giving rise to
predeliquescence, i.e., the formation of a brine layer wetting a salt
particle at relative humidities well below the deliquescence point.
A theoretical approach to assess soil moisture–climate coupling across CMIP5 and GLACE-CMIP5 experiments
Authors: Schwingshackl Clemens , Hirschi Martin , Seneviratne Sonia I.
Published: October 2018

Abstract. Terrestrial climate is influenced by various land–atmosphere interactions
that involve numerous land surface state variables. In several regions on
Earth, soil moisture plays an important role for climate via its control
on the partitioning of net radiation into sensible and latent heat fluxes;
consequently, soil moisture also impacts on temperature and precipitation.
The Global Land–Atmosphere Coupling Experiment–Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase 5 (GLACE-CMIP5) aims
to quantify the impact of soil moisture on these important climate variables
and to trace the individual coupling mechanisms. GLACE-CMIP5 provides
experiments with different soil moisture prescriptions that can be used to
isolate the effect of soil moisture on climate. Using a theoretical framework
that relies on the distinct relation of soil moisture with evaporative
fraction (the ratio of latent heat flux over net radiation) in different soil
moisture regimes, the climate impact of the soil moisture prescriptions in
the GLACE-CMIP5 experiments can be emulated and quantified. The
framework-based estimation of the soil moisture effect on the evaporative
fraction agrees very well with estimations obtained directly from the
GLACE-CMIP5 experiments (pattern correlation of 0.85). Moreover, the soil
moisture effect on the daily maximum temperature is well captured in regions
where soil moisture exerts a strong control on latent heat fluxes. The
theoretical approach is further applied to quantify the soil moisture
contribution to the projected change of the temperature on the hottest day of
the year, confirming recent estimations by other studies. Finally,
GLACE-style soil moisture prescriptions are emulated in an extended set of
CMIP5 models. The results indicate consistency between the soil
moisture–climate coupling strength estimated with the GLACE-CMIP5 and the
CMIP5 models. Although the theoretical approach is only designed to capture
the local soil moisture–climate coupling strength, it can also help to
distinguish non-local from local soil moisture–atmosphere feedbacks where
sensitivity experiments (such as GLACE-CMIP5) are available. Overall, the
theoretical framework-based approach presented here constitutes a simple and
powerful tool to quantify local soil moisture–climate coupling in both the
GLACE-CMIP5 and CMIP5 models that can be applied in the absence of dedicated
sensitivity experiments.
Built environment and car driving distance in a small city context
Authors: Wolday Fitwi
Published: October 2018

This article focuses on the effect of built-environment factors on travel behavior in the context of small cities. Urban size and spatial context are central to travel behavior analysis because of the spatiotemporal nature of transportation. Different urban structural attributes exert travel behavioral influences at different spatial scales (local vs. regional) and urban sizes. Due to this inherent geographic dimension in travel studies, findings from larger urban areas may not be transferable to small cities. Despite this, however, small cities remain scantily represented in the literature. Using multivariate analysis on survey data from three small cities in Norway, this paper finds that the built-environment effects on travel behavior are highly influenced by regional characteristics and the city’s center structure (poly-centered vs. single centered). Residential proximity to the city center leads to reduced car driving distance through its distance-minimizing effect to concentrations of facilities for local travel. At the regional scale, proximity to the city center influences car driving distance via the higher likelihood among centrally located commuters of choosing transit as their commute mode.
World Englishes and English as a Lingua Franca Approaches in Teaching Saudi EFL Learners
Authors: Alasmari Amal
Published: October 2018

This paper aims to explore two approaches to English language: the world Englishes approach and English as a lingua franca approach, focusing on the advantages and limitations of each approach. A brief introduction on the global spread of English language is provided; as well as a thorough examination of the current status of English language in kingdom of Saudi Arabia. The paper also explores the possible future adoption of either World Englishes or English as a Lingua Franca approach in teaching English language to Saudi EFL learners. The examination of the nature of English used by Saudi EFL learners reveals a number of issues. While it is clear that a localized variety is emerging in KSA which is acknowledged by some Saudi researchers, resistance to adopting a Saudi variety in teaching strongly exists among the majority of researchers and decision makers in Saudi Education. The reason behind this reluctance to acknowledge a Saudi variety of English might be the idea that this localized variety of English in KSA is not viewed as equal to varieties of outer circle countries where English language plays far more significant roles than in expanding circle countries. In addition, decisions on adopting one of the two approaches in teaching English language in KSA are not easy; more data must be obtained before making any major pedagogical decisions.
Māori subject extraction
Authors: Douglas Jamie
Published: October 2018

This paper focuses on subject extraction in Māori, the indigenous Polynesian language of New Zealand. Māori has a range of verbal and non-verbal predicate constructions. I argue that, whilst subject topicalisation is generally permitted in all constructions, subject questioning is restricted (see Bauer 1993; 1997). More specifically, I claim that subject questioning is permitted in verbal and prepositional predicate constructions, but prohibited in nominal predicate constructions, all else being equal (see also de Lacy 1999). I adopt and defend a cleft analysis of questions according to which the questioned constituent is the matrix predicate phrase and the matrix subject is a headless relative clause (Bauer 1991; 1993; 1997). I propose that the restriction on subject questioning results from intervention in this headless relative clause. I argue that the C head probes for a nominal feature rather than a traditional Aʹ-feature. Consequently, nominal predicate phrases intervene with Aʹ-movement of the subject, whilst verbal and prepositional predicate phrases do not. My analysis suggests that Aʹ-movement is generally triggered using nominal features in Māori. I discuss this proposal from an emergentist perspective, i.e. one where formal features are not innately pre-specified but rather emerge during language acquisition guided by the Third Factor cognitive bias to “Maximise Minimal Means” (Biberauer 2017; Biberauer & Roberts 2015; 2017).