bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Investigation of co-seismic stress and aftershock distribution along the Sumatra-Andaman Subduction Zone
Authors: Sukrungsri Santawat , Khamsiri Sutthikan , Pailoplee Santi
Published: May 2024

This study aimed to investigate co-seismic stress and aftershock distribution along the Sumatra-Andaman subduction zone (SASZ). The fault parameters of six major earthquakes with an M ≥ 7 that occurred during 2010 – 2022 along the SASZ, were utilized to determine the Coulomb stress change using numerical modeling techniques calculated on the receiver faults with similar focal mechanisms of the mainshock, strike-slip, thrust, and normal faulting, respectively. The earthquake events were then classified to analyze the aftershocks of major earthquakes in the area. These aftershocks were mapped in order to determine the relationship between the aftershock distribution and the areas of increased or decreased stress. The relationship between the co-seismic stress and distribution of aftershocks in the SASZ was found to mainly depend on the focal mechanism of major earthquakes and the type of receiver fault used for calculation. After a major earthquake in the SASZ, there are two possible patterns that most aftershocks will be generated from in the areas of increased stress. First, a major earthquake is a type of thrust fault calculated on the receiver fault using the focal mechanism of the mainshock. Second, a major earthquake is a type of strike-slip fault calculated on the receiver fault with an optimum-oriented strike-slip fault. This relationship is likely to represent the specific pattern of the seismotectonic stress in the SASZ that can be used to evaluate the risk areas of aftershocks after a major earthquake has occurred. Furthermore, two earthquake events with large magnitudes were generated following the respective major earthquake in the SASZ that were located around the areas of increased stress, indicating that these two earthquake events were likely triggered in areas of increased stress following the respective major earthquake. Therefore, this study concluded that after a major earthquake occurrence in the SASZ, the areas of increased stress have a higher risk of generating both a large number of aftershocks and a new large-magnitude mainshock event. The investigation of co-seismic stress is very important to estimate areas of increased stress after a major earthquake, as this can be useful for monitoring both earthquake and tsunami hazards in the area.
The impact of climate change and technological innovation on economic recovery in sub-Saharan Africa: A machine learning perspective
Authors: Byaro Mwoya , Rwezaula Anicet
Published: May 2024

The COVID-19 pandemic has led to a global economy slowdown. Sub-Saharan Africa’s (SSA) economy is gradually recovering from the pandemic. This study examines whether climate change variables (such as temperature, carbon dioxide emissions) and technological innovation (measured by total patent applications) can forecast the economic recovery of 19 selected countries in SSA from 2000 to 2022. We applied Kernel-based Regularized Least Squares (KRLS), a machine learning technique, while controlling for financial development, human capital and inflation rates. Our findings indicate that climate change exerts a negative and significant influence on SSA's economic recovery. Specifically, rise in average annual surface temperature change and carbon dioxide emissions decrease in economic recovery. An increase in average technological innovation improves in economic recovery. Inflation rate is associated with reduction in economic recovery. We discuss policy implications and mechanisms through which technological innovation and climate change affect the SSA economy, offering practical policy suggestions.
Genet identity and season drive gene expression in outplanted Acropora palmata at different reef sites.
Authors: Young Benjamin , Williams Dana , Bright Allan , Peterson Annie , Traylor-Knowles Nikki , Rosales Stephanie
Published: May 2024

Coral reefs are experiencing decreases in coral cover due to anthropogenic influences. Coral restoration is addressing this decline by outplanting large volumes of corals onto reef systems. Understanding how outplanted corals react at a transcriptomic level to different outplant locations over time is important, as it will highlight how habitat affects the coral host and influences physiological measures. In this study, the transcriptomic dynamics of four genets of outplanted Acropora palmatawere assessed over a year at three reef sites in the Florida Keys. Genet identity was more important than time of sampling or outplant site, with differing levels of baseline immune and protein production the key drivers. Once accounting for genet, enriched growth processes were identified in the winter, and increased survival and immune expression were found in the summer. The effect of the reef site was small, with hypothesized differences in autotrophic versus heterotrophic dependent on outplant depth. We hypothesize that genotype identity is an important consideration for reef restoration, as differing baseline gene expression could play a role in survivorship and growth. Additionally, outplanting during cooler winter months may be beneficial due to higher expression of growth processes, allowing establishment of outplants on the reef system.
Development of a Supervised Robotic Prototype for Citrus Harvesting
Authors: Jossy Nasasira , Chinechere Umezuruike , Uzorka Afam , Erick Yuma , Gusite Balyejusa
Published: May 2024

Citrus harvesting has been done manually for the past Sixty-Two (62) years in Eastern Uganda, where commercial citrus cultivation started in the 1960s. Farmers use employees to help in harvesting so that fruits can be picked on schedule. At this point, the hired harvesters gather in gardens and divide up the harvesting tasks among themselves. Some climb citrus trees to reach the ripe citrus fruits on the branches, while others gather fruits on the ground, pack them into sacks, and then transport the sacks of fruits to the required stores. Thereafter, a prototype was developed using a design science approach, and a field-oriented algorithm (FOC) was used to set power and torque during the programming of the actuators for speed regulations. After that, the validation process of the robot was determined by using a stopwatch such that to calculate the time it takes for the developed system to carry out the tasks successfully while in the field and the results showed that it picked up six citruses (6) fruits in five seconds (5 sec) from the ground per two (2) revolutions of the picking mechanism. Compared to hand harvesting, the prototype's storage capacity findings showed that it could only hold forty (40) citrus fruits, which were filled in 33.4 seconds, maximizing harvesting efficiency. And this was achieved by getting 6 citrus fruits collected per two revolutions divided by the 40 which is the maximum storage capacity that was determined after the robot loading for 6 rounds as shown below in the full load capacity = (40/6 = 6.67kgs), then during the study, the time it takes to load to full capacity = 6.67 * 5 = 33.4 seconds. Therefore, this research is highly recommended to citrus farmers in Soroti such that low labor, high quality, and less time are achieved by farmers during harvesting.
Selective embolisation of an idiopathic bronchial artery pseudoaneurysm presenting with recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy: a case report
Authors: Copping Ross , Ng Nico , Osman Shady
Published: May 2024

Background: Bronchial artery pseudoaneurysms (BAP) or aneurysms (BAA) are rare, potentially life-threatening and remain poorly understood. They are most commonly idiopathic but may be associated with a number of other disease processes. Bronchial artery embolisation (BAE) is considered the first line treatment while surgical techniques are reserved for patients with a clear contraindication to embolisation or where anatomical factors preclude an endovascular approach.
Case presentation: We present an interesting case of a 56 year-old male presenting with an idiopathic unruptured right BAP causing clinical and radiological signs of left recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) palsy. He was otherwise clinically well with no other reported symptoms and no significant past medical history. There were no significant findings on work-up and investigation. He was ultimately treated successfully with selective transarterial coil embolization of the right bronchial artery. This is an atypical presentation of a rare clinical entity and has not previously been published in the literature to our knowledge.
Conclusions: BAPs and BAAs are highly variable in their presentation, ranging from incidental asymptomatic findings to catastrophic haemorrhage, depending on their location and if they are contained or ruptured. Timely diagnosis and referral to facilitate urgent embolisation is essential to prevent potentially serious clinical sequelae. Endovascular treatment in the form of BAE is considered first line.
Prognostic performance of Krebs von den Lungen-6, surfactant protein A, surfactant protein D levels in the serum and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid in chronic fibrosing interstitial pneumonia: A retrospective study
Authors: Wakamatsu Kentaro , Nagata Nobuhiko , Kumazoe Hiroyuki , Hara Makiko , Asai Satomi , Noda Naotaka , Kiyotani Ruriko , Fukui Izumi , Tatsuta Miyoko , Katahira Katsuyuki , Akasaki Takashi , Maki Sanae , Miyamoto Kouta , Otsuka Junji , Izumi Miiru , Kawasaki Masayuki , Yamada Hozumi
Published: May 2024

Background: The serum markers Krebs von den Lungen-6 (KL-6), surfactant protein A (SP-A), and surfactant protein D (SP-D) have been used for the diagnosis, differential diagnosis, and prognosis prediction of interstitial pneumonia. However, the significance of measuring the serum and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) KL-6, SP-D, and SP-A levels in predicting the prognosis of chronic fibrosing interstitial pneumonia (CFIP), idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, and idiopathic nonspecific interstitial pneumonia remains unclear. We aimed to clarify the significance of measuring the serum and BALF KL-6, SP-A, and SP-D levels in predicting the prognosis of patients with CFIP.
Methods: Among 173 patients who were diagnosed with CFIP between September 2008 and February 2021, 39 who underwent bronchoalveolar lavage were included in this study. Among these, patients experiencing an annual decrease in forced vital capacity (FVC) of ≥10% or those facing challenges in undergoing follow-up pulmonary function tests owing to significant deterioration in pulmonary function were categorized as the poor prognosis group. Conversely, individuals with an annual decrease in the FVC of <10% were classified into the good prognosis group. The serum and BALF KL-6, SP-D, and SP-A levels, as well as BALF/serum SP-D and SP-A ratios were compared between the two groups.
Results: Among the patients with CFIP, the BALF SP-D level (p=0.0111), BALF SP-A level (p<0.0010), BALF/serum SP-D ratio (p=0.0051), and BALF/serum SP-A ratio (p<0.0010) were significantly lower in the poor than in the good prognosis group (p<0.0010). The receiver operating characteristics analysis results demonstrated excellent performance for diagnosing patients with CFIP, with the BALF SP-D level (area under the curve [AUC], 0.7424), BALF SP-A level (AUC, 0.8842), BALF/serum SP-D ratio (AUC, 0.7673), and BALF/serum SP-A ratio (AUC, 0.8556). Moreover, the BALF SP-A level showed a notably superior CFIP diagnostic capability. Survival analysis using the Kaplan–Meier method revealed that patients with a BALF SP-A level of <1500 ng/mL and BALF/serum SP-A ratio of <15.0 had poor prognoses.
Conclusions: Our results suggest that BALF SP-A measurement may be useful for predicting the prognosis in patients with CFIP.
Optimal Extraction of Xuetongsu and its Mechanisms in Inhibiting RA Synovial Hyperplasia: Intervention in Migration and Apoptosis of Synovial Cells
Authors: Deng Yasi , Zheng Hao , Liu Shiqi , Deng Ying , Chen Yuxin , Liang Ling , Wang Mengyun , Xie Qingling , Yang Yupei , Li Bin , Huang Juan , Yuan Hanwen , Wang Wei , Yu Huanghe
Published: May 2024

Kadsura heteroclita (Roxb) Craib also named Xuetong in Tujia ethnomedicine in China, has been traditionally employed in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) treatment. Our preceding investigations have elucidated that Xuetongsu (XTS), a triterpenoid compound predominant in Xuetong, showed excellent anti-RA-fibroblast-like synoviocytes (RAFLS) proliferation effect. However, XTS belongs to the trace components of the Xuetong plant, this poses certain limitations to the research. In this study, we designed a method that enhanced the extraction yield of XTS and explored the mechanism of its treatment of RA in inhibiting RAFLS cell proliferation and migration. The results displayed that XTS reduced RAFLS cell proliferation, with an IC50 value of 4.68±0.65 μM. A series of experimental techniques were utilized to show that XTS induce apoptosis in RAFLS cells at concentrations ranging from 4.5 to 18 μM, including wound healing assays, flow cytometry, and Western blot analysis. Moreover, XTS at dosages of 0.42-0.84 mg/kg markedly attenuated paw swelling and synovial hyperplasia in arthritic rats, primarily through the inhibition of RAFLS migration and promotion of RAFLS apoptosis via High mobility group box 1 (HMGB-1)/Matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) signaling pathway and Bcl-2/Bax/Caspase-3 signaling pathway, respectively.
Two Decades of Change in Living arrangements and Oldest Old Health in China, 1998-2018
Authors: Zhang Li
Published: May 2024

Living arrangement has been documented to be influential on older adults’ health. However, there is hardly comprehensive temporal model for understanding the effects of time and cohort on oldest old’s health in various household contexts. This study intended to fill the voids of prior literature by studying Chinese oldest old through analyzing data from eight (1998, 2000, 2002, 2005, 2008, 2011-12, 2014 and 2018) waves of the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey (CLHLS). The results showed changing patterns of Chinese oldest old’s living arrangements by time period and across birth cohorts. Chinese oldest old were more inclined to live with a spouse or live alone. Living in nursing homes was also chosen by more oldest old in recent years. Younger cohorts were more inclined to live with a spouse, live both with a spouse and adult children/grandchildren or live alone than older birth cohorts. Oldest old who lived with a spouse only, and those living in multigenerational families tended to have better physical and mental health. Respondents who lived in nursing homes and stayed with others showed the worst physical and mental health. Oldest old who lived alone had better physical health but suffered from loneliness and reported the worst subjective wellbeing. Significant period and cohort variations were also found when linking living arrangements to oldest old health. Cohort variations mainly occurred among subgroups living alone, staying in nursing homes and living with others. Period effects were more prominent than cohort effects, especially in times of economic recessions and natural disasters that had massive social impacts. The study emphasized strong period effects and highlighted that special attention should be given to more vulnerable groups to promote their health, including those living alone, living in nursing homes and living with others.
Association between Weight-Adjusted Waist Index and Depression in NAFLD: The Modulating Roles of Sex and BMI
Authors: Zhang Jingwen , Wang Yan , Xie Tianyu , Liu Lijun , Fu Xiaoyu , Wang Chenhao , Ke Sunkui , Huang Xiao
Published: May 2024

Background
The Weight-Adjusted Waist Index (WWI) is a novel indicator of obesity that accurately reflects body composition. However, the association between WWI and depression in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) remains unclear. This study aims to explore this relationship through a nationally representative cross-sectional analysis.
Methods
This study included adult participants diagnosed with NAFLD from NHANES 2017–2020. WWI was calculated as the waist circumference (cm) divided by the square root of body weight (kg). NAFLD diagnosis relied on vibration-controlled transient elastography (VCTE) with a controlled attenuation parameter (CAP) exceeding 248 dB/m to indicate hepatic steatosis. Depression was assessed using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), with scores ≥ 10 indicating the presence of major depression.
Results
After adjusting for all covariates, a significant positive association was found between WWI and depression in NAFLD (OR = 1.725, 95% CI: 1.442–2.063, p < 0.00001), with a dose-response relationship indicated by restricted cubic spline analysis. The association was stronger in men and lean NAFLD patients. Adjusting further for BMI did not alter these findings (OR = 1.643, 95% CI: 1.357–1.989, p < 0.00001). BMI's association with depression was negated after adjusting for WWI.
Conclusions
WWI had a positive association with depression in NAFLD, independent of BMI. This association was more pronounced in men and lean NAFLD. These findings suggest that WWI may be a novel predictor of depression in NAFLD and potentially valuable in depression prevention.
Study on Overlap of Carburizing 18CrNiMo7-6 Alloy Steel Strengthened via Abrasive Water Jet
Authors: Liu Lanrong , Sun Baocheng , Xu GuangTao , Ma YongTao , Zhao Minghao , Zhao Zhenye
Published: May 2024

Abrasive water jet technology has been applied to strengthen the surfaces of complex shapes and high-strength components to improve their fatigue life. In this regard, the energy distribution affects the strengthening; hence, its uniformity must be comprehensively investigated. The main parameters affecting the energy-distribution uniformity are the particle performance parameters, particle velocity distribution, particle spatial distribution, and overlap. In this study, theoretical models of single-pass energy distribution and multipass lap energy distribution are established by considering the spatial and velocity distributions of particles. Additionally, the ratio of the energy difference to the maximum energy in the lap range is determined as the index of energy-distribution uniformity. Based on the relationship between deformation and energy, the theoretical model is verified using 18CrNiMo7-6 alloy steel. Results show that the maximum theoretical deformation in a single pass is consistent with the experimental results, with an error of less than 6%; additionally, the theoretical and experimental peak and trough differences after a multipass lap show good agreement. Using the proposed model, the lap distance can be obtained to guide practical engineering applications.
Principled Personalised Operative Strategy using 3D Virtual Modelling Ahead of Complete Mesocolic Excision with Central Vascular Ligation for Proximal Colon Cancer.
Authors: Kearns Emma Claire , Moynihan Alice , Khan Mohammad Faraz , Lawler Leo , Cahill Ronan A
Published: May 2024

Purpose
Here we report the usefulness of 3D virtual modelling (3DVM) for surgical planning before complete mesocolic excision (CME) and central vascular ligation (CVL) for proximal colon cancer including direct comparison to operative course and intraoperative perfusion assessment by near infrared fluorescence angiography (NIFA).
Methods
26 patients underwent CT mesenteric angiogram with subsequent 3DVM (VisiblePatient©) in advance of undergoing laparoscopic right or extended-right hemicolectomy with CMECVL. 3DVM were studied by the surgical team in advance of each case and their planned operative strategy recorded. Operative notes and findings were reviewed to determine deviations from this strategy and physiological measures of perfusion at the prepared transection levels.
Results
Operative plans were made in every case based on tumour location (caecal versus non-caecal location) and patient 3DVM vascular anatomy and were followed without significant deviation in every case (NIFA supported the predicted transection level in all). 22 patients had complete operative notes available for comparative analysis. All patients had MA confluence with the inferior mesenteric artery territory on 3DVM and eight had independent RCAs. 12 patients had truncal MCA ligation with the left branch and indeed the entire MCA being preserved in 8 and 1 respectively (one patient with previous surgery had no MCA). Side to side ileocolic anastomosis was made with the distal transverse colon in 20 cases and with the descending colon in 2. There were no anastomotic complications postoperatively.
Conclusion
3DVM can efficiently enable accurate personalized planning ahead of CME-CVL including indicating anastomotic perfusion sufficiency by vascular anatomy.
A Novel Treatment Algorithem for Infected Diabetic Foot Ulcers- One Step Procedure
Authors: Genuth Gil , Ulrich Martin , Klammer George , Iselin Lukas
Published: May 2024

Background
Foot and ankle infections are the most common reason for hospital admissions and have the most devastating and costly complications in patients with diabetes mellitus worldwide.
Foot ulceration can lead to a limb or even life-threatening infection. It is estimated that 85% of all amputations in diabetic patients are related to an ulcer and 59% of amputation are performed due to infection. When treating diabetic foot ulcers, achieving eradication of the infection and saving the limb can be difficult. In order to avoid amputation, which often is associated with functional impairment, the goal of treatment should be to be as preserving as possible. We would like to present our new treatment algorithm for infected diabetic foot ulcers in the first ray. This new algorithm avoid amputation and preserve ambulation.
The new treatment algorithm includes: A thorough debridement of the ulcer, Primary stabilization by fusing the infected joint and closing the skin over the ulcer and the fused joint.
We would like to present our experience with this new treatment algorithm.
Methods
This is a retrospective Study. The study includes 34 patients(36 feet) with IPJ or 1st MTPJ septic arthritis or osteomyelitis due to diabetic ulcers between 2018-2021 treated in a tertiary referral hospital.
All patients had preoperative radiographs, 17 patients had a preoperative MRI scan and were evaluated pre or postoperatively by angiography. A thorough debridement was performed until macroscopically judged clear of infection. Histology and microbiology samples were collected during surgery. The fusion of the infected joint was made under fluoroscopy control. Wound closure was performed with minimal soft tissue tension. All the patients were followed up for an average period of 12 months after surgery.
Results
By one year after surgery healing of the ulcer was achieved in 86% (31/36) of the cases.
Overall average time to heal was 6.9 weeks (range 1-20 weeks). One year postoperatively radiological fusion was achieved in 26/36 (72%) cases. Clinically, by one year after surgery, 28 of 36 cases (77%) were stable on physical examination.
Conclusion
One Step Debridement and Arthrodesis of IPJ or 1st MTPJ in diabetic foot patients with an ulcer and infection proved to be a successful way of treatment. A thorough debridement of the infected tissue and stabilizing the joint in the same procedure dramatically reduce the number of 1st toe or 1st ray amputation, improve patient’s satisfaction and help maintain a good walking pattern and mobilization.
Level of Evidence: III
Enhanced the immunity activity of HPV16 DNA vaccine by the combination CpG oligonucleotides adjuvant cloned into plasmid backbone and IL-28B gene adjuvant
Authors: zhou yan , Zhang Ting , Wang Zhirong , Xu Xuemei
Published: May 2024

Therapeutic human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA vaccine is an attractive option to control existed HPV infection and related lesions. The two early viral oncoproteins, E6 and E7, are continuously expressed in most HPV-related pre- and cancerous cells, and are ideal targets for therapeutic vaccines. We have previously developed HPV 16 DNA vaccines encoding mE7/HSP70, which generated significant antitumor effects in mice. In this study, we utilized multiple strategies including the insertion of CpG oligonucleotides (ODNs) into the backbone of vaccine vector, selection of cytokine gene adjuvants, combination of mE6/HSP70 and mE7/HSP70, vaccination with electroporation, to further enhance the potency of HPV16 DNA vaccine, We found that combination of built-in CpG adjuvant and IL-28B gene adjuvant could induce higher CD8+T cell response in mice. Moreover the plasmids mE6/HSP70 combined with mE7/HSP70 could synergistically enhance the specific CD8+T cell response. Furthermore, vaccination with CpG-modified mE7/HSP70 and mE6/HSP70, plus IL-28B gene adjuvant, generated significantly preventive and therapeutic antitumor effect against HPV E6- and E7-expressing tumors in C57BL/6 mice. Our results suggested that it may be promising to effectively control HPV infection and associated diseases by combining these multiple strategies in HPV DNA vaccine.
Fenofibrate reduces pain hypersensitivity and associated depression-like behavior in mice with oxaliplatin- induced neuropathy
Authors: Yue Liang , Yuan Yimin , Li Dai , Sun Li , Shen Yijia , Ma Yu , Cao Li , Xiong Yuanchang
Published: May 2024

The population of patients with chemotherapy-induced neuropathy is increasing in parallel with the growing number of cancer survivors, creating an urgent need for effective treatments that address both the neuropathic symptoms and the accompanying depression. In this study, we established a mouse model of chronic oxaliplatin-induced neuropathy (OIPN) that closely mimics significant cold and mechanical allodynia, along with depression-like behaviors observed in patients, over a clinically relevant timeframe. We investigated the effects of fenofibrate on pain hypersensitivity and depression-like behaviors in the OIPN mouse model. Administration of fenofibrate significantly reduced mechanical allodynia in the Von Frey test and cold allodynia in the cold plate test among OIPN mice. Moreover, fenofibrate reduced depression-like behaviors in OIPN mice, as demonstrated by improved performance in the forced swimming test, sucrose preference test and tail suspension test. The analgesic and antidepressant-like effects observed with fenofibrate may be linked to its protective actions on oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs) in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) of oxaliplatin-treated mice. These findings suggest that fenofibrate holds promise as a potential therapeutic agent for the prevention and treatment of OIPN, offering relief from both pain and comorbid depressive symptoms. Further clinical testing is warranted to confirm its efficacy and safety in this context.
OIDS-45: A large-scale benchmark insect dataset for orchard pest monitoring
Authors: Chen Hongkun , Chen Junyang , Xie Yingjie , He Hangfei , Zhang Boyi , Guo Jingjie , Wan Li , Chen Xiaoyan
Published: May 2024

Insects play a crucial role in agricultural production and should not be overlooked. However, there is currently no large-scale dataset available specifically for common insects in orchards. Additionally, datasets for computer vision target detection tasks are limited in the field of insects, which hinders the use of deep learning target detection techniques in orchard insect monitoring. This paper presents the OIDS-45 dataset, which is a large-scale dataset for orchard insect monitoring. The dataset contains 58,585 images of 45 categories of common insects found in orchards. The dataset exhibits a long-tailed distribution, and all images are labeled with borders, making them useful for target detection tasks. The dataset represents the category of orchard insects and has a larger sample size, more categories, and more features in the orchard scenario than previous datasets. We compared our dataset with existing typical insect datasets using advanced target detection algorithms to evaluate its features and quality. The experimental results indicate that current target detection algorithms are not yet capable of accurately identifying and detecting insects in orchards. This is due to the small size of individual insects, the morphological similarities between some species, and the existence of multiple growth stages in some insects. The production and release of this dataset aim to support research in the fields of orchard pest control and insect monitoring in orchards.
Comparison of Canadian online pharmacies with conventional pharmacies for erectile dysfunction drugs. The Cost of Convenience and discretion
Authors: Morra Michael , Morra Michael , Dhillon Harliv , Dhillon Harliv , Patel Premal , Patel Premal
Published: May 2024

Introduction
Erectile dysfunction (ED) is a common condition affecting about 50% of men over the age of 40. ED can be related to cardiovascular disease and diabetes requiring further evaluation and workup, unfortunately many men with ED commonly avoid seeking treatment for reasons such as embarrassment. In the past few years, multiple online pharmacies offering easy access to ED medications have emerged, advertising easy online forms, no conventional doctors visit and discreet delivery to their home. We sought to compare the prices of five popular online ED pharmacies with conventional pharmacies, hypothesizing that online pharmacies would come at increased cost to patients.
Methods
The five online pharmacies were found on the first result page of a google search for “ED drugs online Canada”. Consumer prices for Tadalafil and Sildenafil were acquired through available website information or by contacting customer service. The prices were expressed as price per pill and compared with four conventional pharmacies in Winnipeg, Manitoba. Pricing differences were expressed as a percentage.
Results
When comparing the price per pill of the smallest order of tabs that can be purchased, the price of ED medications from online pharmacies was on average 15% higher without including the dispensing fee of the conventional pharmacy comparators. Once taking dispensing fees into account, the cost ED medications from conventional pharmacies was about 3-4% higher compared to online conventional pharmacies. Dispensing fees ranged from $12.99 to $16.00 per order. Savings could be seen with conventional pharmacies when order quantities increased as the dispensing fee is fixed per order.
Conclusions
Online pharmacies in Canada that boast convenience and discretion to customers offer similar pricing to conventional pharmacies. Despite their competitive pricing, their focus on discretion further perpetuates common stereotypes of ED that may prevent men from seeking help from their care providers.
The performance of ChatGPT in day surgery and pre-anesthesia risk assessment: a case-control study across on 150 simulated patient presentations
Authors: Li Yu , Tingting Cheng , Gu Jiaqiu , He Yibo , He Guangbao , Zou Peipei , Li Shuyun , Xu Hang , Bao Yang , Wang Xuejun
Published: May 2024

Background
Day surgery has developed rapidly in China in recent years, although it still faces the shortage of anesthesiologists to handle pre-anesthesia routine for day surgery. We hypothesized that Chat Generative Pre-trained Transformer (ChatGPT) may assist anesthesiologists in preoperative assessment and answer questions on the patients' concerns. The aim of this study was to examine the ability of ChatGPT in pre-operative risk assessment and its accuracy to answer questions regarding knowledge and management for day surgery anesthesia.
Methods
150 patient profiles were generated to simulate day surgery patient presentations, with complications of varying acuity and severity. Both ChatGPT group and expert group has to evaluate 150 patients for their ASA classification and whether day surgery was recommended. Then ChatGPT was asked to answer 145 questions about day surgery anesthesia that represented the most common issues encountered in clinical practice. The performance of ChatGPT was assessed and graded independently by two experienced anesthesiologists.
Results
A total of 150 patients for assessment were included in the study (74 males [49.5%] and 76 females [50.7%]). There was no difference between ChatGPT group and the expert group for ASA classification and assessment of anesthesia risk in the patients (P > 0.05). When comes to day surgery recommendation, for patients with certain comorbidities (ASA ≥ II), the expert group was inclined to need further examination or treatment, the proportion of conclusions made by ChatGPT was smaller (ChatGPT n (%) vs. expert n (%): day surgery can be performed, 67 (47.9) vs. 31(25.4); need further treatment and evaluation, 56 (37.3) vs. 66 (44.0); day surgery is not recommended, 18 (12.9) vs. 29 (9.3), P < 0.05). We showed that ChatGPT had extensive knowledge related to day surgery anesthesia (94.0% correct), with most of the points (70%) considered comprehensive. The performance was better in the domains of peri-anesthesia concerns, lifestyle, and emotional support.
Conclusions
ChatGPT has certain reference value for ASA classification and assessment of anesthesia risk in patients. ChatGPT can also be trusted to answer questions and concerns related to pre-anesthesia and therefore has the potential to provide important assistance in clinical work.
High-Pressure Phase Transition in 3-D Printed Nanolamellar High-Entropy Alloy: Imaging and Simulation Insights
Authors: Vohra Yogesh , Pope Andrew , Chen Wen , Chen Hangman , Cao Penghui , Manukyan Khachatur , Zhukovskyi Maksym , Yeghishyan Armenuhi
Published: May 2024

We report on the high-resolution imaging and molecular dynamics simulations of a 3D-printed eutectic high-entropy alloy (EHEA) Ni40Co20Fe10Cr10Al18W2 consisting of nanolamellar BCC and FCC phases. The direct lattice imaging of 3D-printed samples shows the Kurdjumov-Sachs (K-S) orientation relation {111} FCC parallel to {110} BCC planes in the dual-phase lamellae. Unlike traditional iron and steels, this alloy shows an irreversible BCC-to-FCC phase transformation under high pressures. The nanolamellar morphology is maintained after pressure cycling to 30 GPa, and nano-diffraction studies show both layers to be in the FCC phase. The chemical compositions of the dual-phase lamellae after pressure recovery remain unchanged, suggesting a diffusion-less BCC-FCC transformation in this EHEA. The lattice imaging of the pressure-recovered sample does not show any specific orientation relation between the two resulting FCC phases, indicating that many grain orientations are produced during the BCC-FCC phase transformation. Molecular dynamics simulations on phase transformation in a nanolamellar BCC/FCC in K-S orientation show that phase transformation from BCC to FCC is completed under high pressures, and the FCC phase is retained on decompression aided by the stable interfaces. Our work elucidates the irreversible phase transformation, providing an understanding of the orientation relationships in 3-D printed EHEA under high pressures.
Choroidal thinning in myopia is associated with axial elongation and severity of myopic maculopathy
Authors: Midorikawa Momoka , Mori Kiwako , Torii Hidemasa , Tomita Yohei , Zhang Yan , Tsubota Kazuo , Kurihara Toshihide , Negishi Kazuno
Published: May 2024

High myopia can lead to pathologic myopia and visual impairment, whereas its causes are unclear. We retrospectively researched high myopia cases from patient records to investigate the association between axial elongation and myopic maculopathy. Sixty-four eyes were examined in patients who visited the department between July 2017 and June 2018, had an axial length of 26 mm or more, underwent fundus photography, and had their axial length measured twice or more. The average axial length was 28.29±1.69 mm (mean±standard deviation). The average age was 58.3 ± 14.4 years old. Myopic maculopathy was categorized as mild (grades 0 and 1) and severe (grades 2, 3, and 4). The severe group had longer axial lengths than the mild group (p<0.05). Moreover, the severe group exhibited thinner choroidal thickness than the mild group (p<0.05). When subjects were grouped by axial elongation over median value within a year, the elongation group showed thinner central choroidal thickness than the non-elongation group (142.1±91.9 vs. 82.9±69.8 ㎛, p<0.05). In conclusion, in patients with high myopia, the severity of maculopathy correlated with choroidal thickness and axial length. Thinner choroidal thickness was associated with axial elongation based on the baseline axial length.
Phytochemical analysis of the extract from berries of Schisandra chinensis Turcz. (Baill.) and its anti-platelet potential in vitro
Authors: Sławińska Natalia , Kontek Bogdan , Żuchowski Jerzy , Moniuszko-Szajwaj Barbara , Białecki Jacek , Zakrzewski Kamil , Bogusz Paulina , Stochmal Anna , Olas Beata
Published: May 2024

Schisandra chinensis Turcz. (Baill.) is a dioecious vine, belonging to the Schisandraceae family. Itsberries show several beneficial activities, including cardioprotective, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory. We examined the chemical content of the extract from S. chinensis berries, as well as its antiplatelet potential in washed human blood platelets and whole blood in vitro. We assessed effect of the extract on several hemostasis parameters, including thrombus formation in full blood, platelet activation and adhesion, and coagulation times. Moreover, we evaluated the cytotoxicity of the extract against blood platelets based on extracellular lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity. The most important constituents of the extract were dibenzocyclooctadiene lignans; schisandrin was the dominant compound. The extract inhibited thrombus formation, agonist-stimulated platelet activation and adhesion, and was not cytotoxic. These results suggest that S. chinensisberries can be used as a safe, natural supplement with anti-platelet properties. However, more studies are needed to determine their mechanisms of action and in vivo efficiency.
The magnitude of preconception care utilization and associated factors among women in Ethiopia: Systematic review and Meta- analysis, 2024
Authors: Abeneh Aysheshim , Getahun Worku Taye , Agmassie Getachew Altaseb , Gelaw Sintayehu Shiferaw , Kassie Tadele
Published: May 2024

BackgroundNowadays globally a woman dies in every two minutes, and a neonate dies even in every 12 seconds, and more than two-thirds of these maternal deaths are preventable. Preconception care is a continuum of maternity care which is one of the proven strategies to reduce not only maternal mortality and morbidity but also neonatal mortality and morbidity by improving women’s health. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the pooled magnitude of preconception care utilization and its associated factors among women in Ethiopia.MethodsSearching of studies done through PubMed, Medline, Embase, Cochrane Library, List of References, and Google Scholar. This systematic review and meta-analysis follow the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) godliness. The quality of studies was assessed by using a Newcastle- Ottawa Scale (NOS) assessment tool adapted for cross-sectional studies. Analysis was performed using a random effect model by using STATA 17 version software. Egger’s weighted regression and I2test were used to evaluate publication bias and heterogeneity respectively.ResultsIn this systematic review and meta-analysis, a total of 6,808 women from 14 primary studies were included. The overall pooled magnitude of preconception care utilization in Ethiopia was 26% (95% CI: 18, 34). Educational status (OR = 2.18, 95%CI 1.54, 2.82), adequate knowledge of women regarding preconception care (OR = 2.69, 95%CI 1.90, 3.48), pre-existing medical illness (OR = 4.79, 95%CI 2.61, 6.06), history of adverse pregnancy outcome (OR = 3.18, 95%CI 2.74, 3.62), and husband /partner support (OR = 3.26, 95%CI 1.55, 4.97) were the identified predictors of utilization of preconception care.ConclusionThe overall magnitude of preconception care utilization among Ethiopian women was significantly low. Educational status of women, knowledge of women regarding Preconception care, history of adverse birth outcome, pre-existing chronic medical illness, and either psychological or financial husband support were the identified predictors of preconception care utilization. Thus, healthcare organizations should work on strategies to improve the utilization of preconception care. In addition to this, advocating for better women's education, awareness creation, and encouraging male involvement is very essential to optimize service utilization. PROSPERO registration: CRD42023492995 registered on 23/12/2023.
Harm avoidance and incompleteness core motivations in obsessive-compulsive disorder: Cross-cultural adaptation and validation of the Persian version of the Obsessive- Compulsive Core Dimensions Questionnaire (OC-CDQ) in clinical and nonclinical samples
Authors: Pourebrahimi Mahjoubeh , Sarafraz Mehdireza , Hadianfard Habib , Mohammadi Nurallah
Published: May 2024

Background The Obsessive-Compulsive Core Dimensions Questionnaire (OC-CDQ) is the first measure created to assess the motivational dimensions of experiential avoidance in individuals with obsessive-compulsive disorder (Harm Avoidance (HA) and Incompleteness (INC)). The OC-CDQ has been translated and validated in several languages, but not in Persian. This study aimed to translate and investigate the factor structure, reliability, and validity of the Persian version of the OC-CDQ in a clinical group with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and nonclinical group without OCD.
Methods The Persian version of the OC-CDQ was translated and culturally adapted according to international guidelines, including translation, back‑translation, pretesting, and expert committee review. A total of 209 outpatients diagnosed with OCD based on the DSM-V completed the Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale (Y-BOCS), Obsessive-Compulsive Core Dimensions Interview (OC-CDI), Persian version of the OC-CDQ, Obsessive Belief Questionnaire (OBQ-44) and Beck's Anxiety Inventory (BAI). Additionally, 209 participants without OCD completed the Persian version of the OC-CDQ. To investigate the test-retest reliability, 60 people (30 people from each group) completed the Persian version of the OC-CDQ again after a two-week interval.
Results Similar to the original version, the confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) indicated a good fit of the two-factor structure. The reliability of the Persian version of the OC-CDQ, as determined by the Cronbach's alpha coefficient, split-half, and retest indicated good reliability (clinical sample: ranging from 0.72 to 0.81, nonclinical sample: ranging from 0.74 to 0.83). Convergent validity was evaluated through the correlation of the OC-CDQ with the Y-BOCS, OC-CDI, and OBQ-44. Divergent validity was evaluated through correlation with BAI. The results supported the validity of the Persian version of the OC-CDQ (p<0.05). The results of hierarchical regression analysis indicated the incremental validity of this scale in predicting the Y-BOCS and BAI compared to the OBQ-44 (p<0.05), and comparing the scores of two groups with and without OCD indicated its discriminant validity (p<0.01).
Conclusion The Persian‑OC-CDQ, developed after the translation and cross‑cultural adaptation process, is a valid tool for evaluating the motivational dimensions of harm avoidance and incompleteness in Iranian individuals with and without OCD.
MEX3A is a new diagnostic, independent prognostic biomarker and a promising therapeutic target in gliomas
Authors: Bufalieri Francesca , Armocida Daniele , Cucinotta Antonino , Familiari Pietro , Magno Laura Di , Serraino Alessandra , Adabbo Gennaro , Severini Ludovica Lospinoso , Frati Alessandro , Canettieri Gianluca , Infante Paola , Santoro Antonio , D’Angelo Luca , Marcotullio Lucia Di
Published: May 2024

Gliomas are the most common malignant brain tumors with a dismal prognosis. Despite the progress in defining molecular features, no therapies targeting the known biomarkers significantly increase the survival rate of glioma patients. Recently, it has been demonstrated that high expression of Muscle Excess 3A (MEX3A) in gliomas correlates with poor overall survival (OS), yet its clinical significance remains largely unknown. In this study, we assessed the correlation between the expression of MEX3A and clinical and molecular characteristics of a cohort of 71 glioma patients, determining its diagnostic and prognostic value and exploring its potential as an innovative therapeutic target. Our analysis revealed that elevated MEX3A expression associates with more severe clinicopathological and molecular features of glioma patients. Furthermore, MEX3A exhibits high diagnostic accuracy and correlates with poor OS and progression free survival. Multivariate COX regression analysis also identified high MEX3A expression as an independent prognostic factor for OS. Notably, MEX3A genetic depletion inhibits primary human glioma cells growth both in vitro and in vivo. Our finding emphasizes the connection between MEX3A expression and clinical and molecular aspects in glioma patients, indicating that MEX3A expression represents a new diagnostic and independent prognostic biomarker, as well as a promising therapeutic target.
Innovative peat-free organic substrate and fertilizer affects nutrient allocation in different organs of pedunculate oak (Quercus robur L.) and European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) seedlings
Authors: Rotowa Odunayo James , Małek Stanisław , Jasik Michał , Staszel-Szlachta Karolina
Published: May 2024

This study evaluates the effects of novel peat-free organic substrates and a novel liquid fertilizer on the biometric features and macronutrient allocation of Quercus robur and Fagus sylvatica seedlings with the view to compare biomass and nutrient allocation of plant organs in seedlings cultivated on peat substrates against those grown on novel peat-free substrates and fertilizer. The experimental setup involved four substrate variants, including the control (R20, R21, R22 and C). The novel substrates and fertilizer were designed and formulated by the University of Agriculture in Kraków, Poland (UAK). Fertilization used in the state forest nurseries was represented as SR20, SR21, and SR22, while the novel fertilizer of UAK was represented as UR20, UR21, and UR22; meanwhile, SC and UC represented the control substrates (peat) in both cases, respectively. The experiment was laid in a 2x2x4 experimental design using five seedlings per treatment. Seedlings were assessed for height, collar diameter, and roots, shoots, and leaves biomass. The allocation patterns highlighted the variability of nutrient allocation within the plants, with more nutrients allocated to the root system. Interestingly, treatment UR22 yielded the highest mean root values, root biomass, and virtually all macroelement allocation. Overall, peat-free substrates with novel liquid fertilizer demonstrated competitive traits supporting seedling growth, with significant differences observed in the allocation of nutrients like nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium. Based on the study results, peat-free substrates with the recommended dosage of novel fertilizer improved seedlings' quality, enhancing the growth and nutrient allocation in different organs of tree seedlings.
RETRACTED: Pharmacophore-based approach for the identification of potent inhibitors against LpxC enzyme from Salmonella Typhi
Authors: Ahmed Mohammad Z. , Alqahtani Ali S. , Shukla Prakash , Pal Sudhir Kumar
Published: May 2024

The authors have requested that this preprint be removed from Research Square.