bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Lessons From the Global SARS-CoV-2 Health Emergency for Potential Future Pandemics
Authors: Abrescia Nicola , D'Abbraccio Maurizio , De Marco Mario , Maddaloni Adelaide
Published: May 2024

The emergence of novel infectious agents with pandemic potential remains a critical global concern, as underscored by the COVID-19 pandemic. This study investigates the various factors contributing to the risk of new pandemics and proposes a framework for pandemic prevention and mitigation.

We review the characteristics of several infectious agents, including influenza viruses, coronaviruses, filoviruses, paramyxoviruses, Lassa fever virus, Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus, and the yellow fever virus. These agents are discussed in terms of their transmission modes, reservoirs, potential for human-to-human spread, and historical outbreaks. We emphasize the importance of monitoring and early detection of these agents, especially those with localized outbreaks and zoonotic potential.

Our analysis highlights the role of human activities in pandemic risk. Factors such as overuse of antibiotics, environmental changes (deforestation, wildlife habitat encroachment), climate change effects on disease vectors, and increasing global connectivity are examined as drivers of disease emergence.

Furthermore, we propose a foursome of critical actions for pandemic prevention and response: early detection and rapid containment; restricting the transmission by social distancing, masking, quarantine, and elimination of vector, which are crucial even before the vaccine is available; global vaccine and treatment distribution; and robust health policy implementation. We emphasize the importance of international collaboration, information sharing, and preparedness to effectively combat pandemics.

In conclusion, this commentary provides a comprehensive overview of infectious agents with pandemic potential and their associated risks. It calls for proactive measures to prevent and mitigate future pandemics, emphasizing the need for a global strategy that combines early detection, rapid response, and sustained public health infrastructure.
Impact of advanced image-guided systems on correction of corneal astigmatism during FLACS
Authors: Yalamanchili Siri P. , Cleary Sean M. , Sell Shawn S. , Feustel Paul J. , Schultze Robert L.
Published: May 2024

Purpose:

To determine the effectiveness of the correction of corneal astigmatism using the Alcon Image Guidance (IG) system vs manual marking in the orientation of femtosecond laser–assisted cataract surgery (FLACS).

Setting:

Private practice, Albany, New York.

Design:

Retrospective review.

Methods:

Patients who underwent FLACS with IG and without IG were from January 2018 to June 2022 investigated. Variables including preoperative keratometry values, cylinder, spherical equivalent (SE), and visual acuity (VA) were collected, as well as the cyclorotation angle delta registered by IG, postoperative refractive cylinder, SE, and VA. The primary outcome was postoperative refractive cylinder in patients with IG compared with those without IG.

Results:

A total of 160 eyes were included, with 103 eyes that had IG and 57 eyes that did not have IG. Postoperative cylinder was similar in those with IG (0.31 ± 0.36 diopters [D]) compared with those without IG (0.31 ± 0.37 D) (P = .97). Average cyclorotation in the IG group was 2.82 ± 3.03 degrees. When cyclorotation was stratified into 3 groups (<2.8 degrees, 2.8 to 8.5 degrees, >8.5 degrees), no differences were found in postoperative refractive cylinder (P = .35).

Conclusions:

Patients who underwent FLACS with IG had similar postoperative cylinder outcomes compared with those without IG. This study suggests that the accommodation of cyclotorsion using an advanced IG system is similar to that obtained with manual marking techniques in patients having 2 D or less of astigmatism corrected.
Dosimetric Considerations for 177Lu-DOTATATE Therapy in a Patient With Chronic Renal Failure Under Hemodialysis
Authors: Chaib Sarah , Tylski Perrine , Lachachi Choaib , Keniza Tassadit , Levigoureux Elise
Published: May 2024

This case report explores the use of 177Lu-DOTATATE in a hemodialysis patient. For the first time, this study assesses the average dose received by the bone marrow, the primary organ at risk, using an original double estimation method through independently acquired imaging and biological samples counting data. Despite elevated doses, the absorbed doses to the bone marrow (0.662–0.740 Gy) were within safe limits. Radiation protection measurements for staff were also compliant. This work supports that effective early dialysis and systematic personalized dosimetry are crucial for hemodialysis patients undergoing 177Lu-PRRT due to their variability (residual excretion, treatment history, etc).
Increased PSMA-Targeted 18F-DCFPyL Uptake in Peripheral T-Cell Lymphoma
Authors: Milrod Charles J. , Brown Cory , Mega Anthony E.
Published: May 2024

Peripheral T-cell lymphomas are a heterogenous group of lymphomas with a high rate of extranodal disease. We present a case of increased 18F-DCFPyL uptake in peripheral T-cell lymphoma of subcutaneous tissue and bone. Familiarity with the increased 18F-DCFPyL uptake and extranodal presentation of peripheral T-cell lymphomas can avoid misinterpretation for metastatic disease.
PSMA-Avid Desmoid Tumor of the Abdominal Wall on 18F-Piflufolastat PET/CT
Authors: Bommekal Siddharth , Flynt Lesley , Tewari Sanjit Om , Surasi Devaki Shilpa Sudha
Published: May 2024

Prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) PET/CT is widely used in the evaluation of suspected metastasis for initial definitive therapy and suspected recurrence of prostate cancer. We outline a case report of a 62-year-old man with history of prostate cancer treated with surgery, salvage radiation, and hormonal therapy presenting with rising PSA levels. There was incidental detection of a PSMA-avid subcutaneous abdominal wall mass on PSMA PET/CT study, which was consistent with desmoid fibromatosis on an ultrasound-guided biopsy.
Feeding Tube Clinic Effect on Nutrition
Authors: Choy Kevin , Abbitt Danielle , Moyer Amber , Moore John T. , Wikiel Krzysztof J. , Jones Teresa S. , Robinson Thomas N. , Jones Edward L.
Published: May 2024

Background:

Optimizing nutrition is essential for recovery after major surgery or severe illness. Feeding tubes (FT) can be placed in patients limited by oral enteral nutrition. Given the myriad of locations in which these procedures are performed (radiology, intensive care unit, and endoscopy suite), routine follow-up is challenging. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of an FT clinic on nutrition. We hypothesized that enrollment in the FT clinic would result in improved nutritional outcomes.

Methods:

Retrospective review of Veteran Affairs Medical Center patients with FTs placed from January 2010 to January 2020. Demographics and body mass index (BMI) were recorded. Serum albumin recorded within 1 month of tube placement was compared to within 1 month of tube removal, death, or at the end of the study period. FT clinic participation required at least 2 visits. Indications for FT placement and duration were recorded. Patients were excluded when both BMI and albumin values were incomplete, and if FTs were placed for decompression.

Results:

Ninety-three patients underwent FT placement during the study period; 5 (5%) were excluded. The average age was 64.8±9.7 years, with the majority being male, 85 patients (97%). Eighteen (20%) patients were seen in the FT clinic (FTC) and 70 (80%) were managed outside of FTC (nFTC). There were no differences in age, gender, or indication for FT. Mean albumin increased 0.42±0.85 g/dL in the FTC group versus −0.07±0.72 g/dL in the nFTC group (P=0.037). The FTC group BMI increased, 0.38 kg/m2vs. −1.48 kg/m2in nFTC patients,P=0.041. The FTC patients maintained their tubes longer (36.5 vs. 7.0 mo,P=0.0014).

Conclusions:

Patients managed in a dedicated FT clinic experienced an improvement in their serum albumin values and increases in their BMI. In addition, they also maintained their FTs longer. To optimize nutrition and reduce weight loss, patients who require FTs should be enrolled in a dedicated FT clinic.
Prospective derivation and validation of a necrotizing soft tissue infections score: An EASTmulticenter trial
Authors: Kim Dennis Y. , lavasile Amanda , Kaji Amy H. , Nahmias Jeffry , Grigorian Areg , Mukherjee Kaushik , Penaloza Liz , Posluszny Joseph , Logan Charles D. , Michelin Erika , Serena Thomas , Sahr Sheryl , Bekdache Khaldoun , Stoddard Nathan , Choudhry Asad , Encalada Ronald Zerna , Saltzman Darin , Padilla Reynaldo , Truitt Michael , Grossman Verner Heather , Hunt Darren , Purvis Victoria , Ross Samuel Wade , Mallah Mike M. , Dultz Linda , Kuhlenschmidt Kali , Mentzer Caleb J. , Lonkar Adwait , Chang Grace , Lemon Brittney , de Virgilio Christian
Published: May 2024

BACKGROUND

Although several risk indices have been developed to aid in the diagnosis of necrotizing soft tissue infections (NSTIs), these instruments suffer from varying levels of reproducibility and failure to incorporate key clinical variables in model development. The objective of this study was to derive and validate a clinical risk index score, NECROSIS, for identifying NSTIs in emergency general surgery (EGS) patients being evaluated for severe skin and soft tissue infections.

METHODS

We performed a prospective study across 16 sites in the United States of adult EGS patients with suspected NSTIs over a 30-month period. Variables analyzed included demographics, admission vitals and laboratories, physical examination, radiographic, and operative findings. The main outcome measure was the presence of NSTI diagnosed clinically at the time of surgery. Multivariate analysis was performed to identify independent predictors for the presence of NSTI using the Hosmer-Lemeshow test and the Akaike information criteria.

RESULTS

Of 362 patients, 297 (82%) were diagnosed with an NSTI. Overall mortality was 12.3%. Multivariate analysis identified three independent predictors for NSTI: systolic blood pressure of ≤120 mm Hg, violaceous skin, and white blood cell count of ≥15 × 103/μL. Multivariate modeling demonstrated Hosmer-Lemeshow goodness of fit (p = 0.9) with a c statistic for the prediction curve of 0.75. Test characteristics of the NECROSIS score were similar between the derivation and validation cohorts.

CONCLUSION

NECROSIS is a simple and potentially useful clinical index score for identifying at-risk EGS patients with NSTIs. Future validation studies are warranted.

LEVEL OF EVIDENCE

Diagnostic Tests or Criteria; Level III.
Predicting blood transfusion following traumatic injury using machine learning models: A systematic review and narrative synthesis
Authors: Oakley William , Tandle Sankalp , Perkins Zane , Marsden Max
Published: May 2024

BACKGROUND

Hemorrhage is a leading cause of preventable death in trauma. Accurately predicting a patient's blood transfusion requirement is essential but can be difficult. Machine learning (ML) is a field of artificial intelligence that is emerging within medicine for accurate prediction modeling. This systematic review aimed to identify and evaluate all ML models that predict blood transfusion in trauma.

METHODS

This systematic review was registered on the International Prospective register of Systematic Reviews (CRD4202237110). MEDLINE, Embase, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials were systematically searched. Publications reporting an ML model that predicted blood transfusion in injured adult patients were included. Data extraction and risk of bias assessment were performed using validated frameworks. Data were synthesized narratively because of significant heterogeneity.

RESULTS

Twenty-five ML models for blood transfusion prediction in trauma were identified. Models incorporated diverse predictors and varied ML methodologies. Predictive performance was variable, but eight models achieved excellent discrimination (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve, >0.9) and nine models achieved good discrimination (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve, >0.8) in internal validation. Only two models reported measures of calibration. Four models have been externally validated in prospective cohorts: the Bleeding Risk Index, Compensatory Reserve Index, the Marsden model, and the Mina model. All studies were considered at high risk of bias often because of retrospective data sets, small sample size, and lack of external validation.

DISCUSSION

This review identified 25 ML models developed to predict blood transfusion requirement after injury. Seventeen ML models demonstrated good to excellent performance in silico, but only four models were externally validated. To date, ML models demonstrate the potential for early and individualized blood transfusion prediction, but further research is critically required to narrow the gap between ML model development and clinical application.

LEVEL OF EVIDENCE

Systematic Review Without Meta-analysis; Level IV.
Pengzhenrongella phosphoraccumulans sp. nov., isolated from high Arctic glacial till, and emended description of the genus Pengzhenrongella
Authors: Xie Jialin , Ren Lvzhi , Wei Ziyan , Peng Xiaoya , Qin Kun , Peng Fang
Published: May 2024

A yellow pigmented, Gram-stain-positive, motile, facultatively anaerobic and irregular rod-shaped bacteria (strain M0-14T) was isolated from a till sample collected from the foreland of a high Arctic glacier near the settlement of Ny-Ålesund in the Svalbard Archipelago, Norway. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons revealed that M0-14T formed a lineage within the family Cellulomonadaceae, suborder Micrococcineae. M0-14T represented a novel member of the genus Pengzhenrongella and had highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to Pengzhenrongella sicca LRZ-2T (97.3 %). Growth occurred at 4–25 °C (optimum 4–18 °C), at pH 6.0–9.0 (optimum pH 7.0), and in the presence of 0–5 % (w/v) NaCl. The predominant menaquinone was MK-9(H4) and the major fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0, C16 : 0 and summed feature 3 (comprising C16 : 1ω7c and/or C16 : 1ω6c). The major polar lipids were phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol mannosides, phosphatidylinositol, one undefined phospholipid and five undefined phosphoglycolipids. The cell-wall diamino acid was l-ornithine whereas rhamnose and mannose were the cell-wall sugars. Polyphosphate particles were found inside the cells of M0-14T. Polyphosphate kinase and polyphosphate-dependent glucokinase genes were detected during genomic sequencing of M0-14. In addition, the complete pstSCAB gene cluster and phnCDE synthesis genes, which are important for the uptake and transport of phosphorus in cells, were annotated in the genomic data. According to the genomic data, M0-14T has a metabolic pathway related to phosphorus accumulation. The DNA G+C content of the genomic DNA was 70.8 %. On the basis of its phylogenetic relationship, phenotypic properties and chemotaxonomic distinctiveness, strain M0-14T represents a novel species of the genus Pengzhenrongella, for which the name Pengzhenrongella phosphoraccumulans sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is M0-14T (= CCTCC AB 2012967T = NRRL B-59105T).
Energy partitioning in the cell cortex
Authors: Chen Sheng , Seara Daniel S. , Michaud Ani , Kim Songeun , Bement William M. , Murrell Michael P.
Published: May 2024

Living systems are driven far from thermodynamic equilibrium through the continuous consumption of ambient energy1. In the cell cortex, this energy is invested in the formation of diverse patterns in chemical and mechanical activities, whose unique spatial and temporal dynamics determine cell phenotypes and behaviors2-6. However, how cells partition internal energy between chemical and mechanical work is unknown7-9. Here we measured the entropy production rate (EPR) of both the chemical and mechanical subsystems of the cell cortex across a broad range of periodic patterns as the system is driven further from equilibrium via manipulation of the Rho GTPase pathway, which controls cortical actin filaments (F-actin) and myosin-II. We find that at lower levels of Rho GAP (GTPase activating protein) expression, which produce pulses or “choppy” Rho and F-actin waves, energy is comparably partitioned between the chemical and mechanical subsystems and is subject to the constraint of Onsager reciprocity. Within the range of reciprocity, the EPR is maximized in choppy waves that resemble the waves associated with cell division3,10. However, as the cortex is driven even further from equilibrium into elaborate labyrinthine or spiral traveling wave trains via increased GAP expression, reciprocity is broken, marking an increasingly differential partitioning of energy and an uncoupling of chemical and mechanical activities. We further demonstrate that energy partitioning and reciprocity are determined by the competition between the timescales of chemical reaction and mechanical relaxation. These results indicate that even within coupled cellular subsystems, both the relative proportions of energy partitioned to each subsystem and the ultimate phenotypic outcome vary dramatically as a function of the overall energy investment.
The neuronal architecture of autonomic dysreflexia
Authors: Soriano Jan Elaine , Hudelle Rémi , Mahe Loïs , Gautier Matthieu , Teo Yue Yang , Skinnider Michael A. , Laskaratos Achilleas , Ceto Steven , Kathe Claudia , Hutson Thomas , Charbonneau Rebecca , Girgis Fady , Casha Steve , Rimok Julien , Tso Marcus , Larkin-Kaiser Kelly , Hankov Nicolas , Gandhi Aasta P. , Amir Suje , Kang Xiaoyang , Vyza Yashwanth , Martin-Moraud Eduardo , Lacour Stephanie , Demesmaeker Robin , Asboth Leonie , Barraud Quentin , Anderson Mark A. , Bloch Jocelyne , Squair Jordan W. , Phillips Aaron A. , Courtine Grégoire
Published: May 2024

Autonomic dysreflexia is a life-threatening medical condition characterized by episodes of uncontrolled hypertension that occur in response to sensory stimuli after spinal cord injury (SCI)1–7. The fragmented understanding of the mechanisms underlying autonomic dysreflexia hampers the development of therapeutic strategies to manage this condition, leaving people with SCI at daily risk of heart attack and stroke8–18. Here, we expose the completede novoneuronal architecture that develops after SCI and causes autonomic dysreflexia. In parallel, we uncover a competing, yet overlapping neuronal architecture activated by epidural electrical stimulation of the spinal cord that safely regulates blood pressure after SCI. The discovery that these adversarial neuronal architectures converge onto a single neuronal subpopulation provided a blueprint for the design of a mechanism-based intervention that reversed autonomic dysreflexia in mice, rats, and humans with SCI. These results establish a path for the effective treatment of autonomic dysreflexia in people with SCI.
Validation of a guidelines-based digital tool to assess the need for germline cancer genetic testing
Authors: Russell Callan D. , Daley Ashley V. , Van Arnem Durand R. , Hila Andi V , Johnson Kiley J. , Davies Jill N. , Cytron Hanah S. , Ready Kaylene J. , Armstrong Cary M. , Sylvester Mark E. , Caleshu Colleen A.
Published: May 2024

Purpose

Efficient and scalable solutions are needed to identify patients who qualify for germline cancer genetic testing. We evaluated the clinical validity of a brief, patient-administered hereditary cancer risk assessment digital tool programmed to assess if patients meet criteria for germline genetic testing, based on personal and family history, and in line with national guidelines.

Methods

We applied the tool to cases seen in a nationwide telehealth genetic counseling practice. Validity of the tool was evaluated by comparing the tool’s assessment to that of the genetic counselor who saw the patient. Patients’ histories were extracted from genetic counselor-collected pedigrees and input into the tool by the research team to model how a patient would complete the tool. We also validated the tool’s assessment of which specific aspects of the personal and family history met criteria for genetic testing.

Results

Of the 152 cases (80% ((121/152)) female, mean age 52.3), 56% (85/152) had a personal history of cancer and 66% (99/152) met genetic testing criteria. The tool and genetic counselor agreed in 96% (146/152) of cases. Most disagreements (4/6; 67%) occurred because the GC’s assessment relied on details the tool was not programmed to collect since patients typically don’t have access to the relevant information (pathology details, risk models). We also found complete agreement between the tool and research team on which specific aspects of the patient’s history met criteria for genetic testing.

Conclusion

We observed a high level of agreement with genetic counselor assessments, affirming the tool’s clinical validity in identifying individuals for hereditary cancer predisposition testing and its potential for increasing access to hereditary cancer risk assessment.
Viral mimicry and memory deficits upon microglial deletion of ATRX
Authors: Shafiq S. , Ghahramani A. , Mansour K. , Pena-Ortiz M. , Sunstrum J.K. , Jiang Y. , Rowland M.E , Inoue W. , Bérubé N.G.
Published: May 2024

The importance of chromatin-mediated processes in neurodevelopmental and intellectual disability disorders is well recognised. However, how chromatin dysregulation in glial cells impacts cognitive abilities is less well understood. Here, we demonstrate that targeted loss of the ATRX chromatin remodeler in microglia alters chromatin accessibility profiles, leading to the de-repression of endogenous retroelements, triggering viral mimicry. Functionally, we find that ATRX microglial deficiency alters the electrophysiological properties of hippocampal neurons and causes deficits in object recognition and spatial memory. Overall, these findings demonstrate that ATRX is required in microglia to preserve chromatin structure and maintain microglial homeostasis. Disruption of these functions elicit neuroinflammation and cognitive deficits and potentially contribute to the pathology of human neurological disorders caused byATRXmutations.
Lipid-regulatory mechanisms drive cerebrovascular disease in asymptomatic individuals at low risk for late-life dementia
Authors: Genius Patricia , Rodríguez-Fernández Blanca , Minguillon Carolina , Brugulat-Serrat Anna , Huguet Jordi , Esteller Manel , Sudre Carole H. , Cortés Canteli Marta , Tristão-Pereira Catarina , García Lunar Inés , Navarro Arcadi , Gispert Juan Domingo , Vilor-Tejedor Natalia ,   ALFA study
Published: May 2024

Background

Cerebrovascular lesions, particularly white matter hyperintensities (WMH), are often found in middle-aged individuals with a low cardiovascular risk profile. Understanding modifiable mechanisms leading to cerebrovascular disease is fundamental for implementing preventive strategies. This study aimed to elucidate the biological mechanisms underlying the presence of WMH in cognitively unimpaired (CU) middle-aged individuals.

Methods

We included 1,072 CU participants from the ALFA study with a low cardiovascular risk profile for late-life dementia based on the CAIDE score. We assessed genetic predisposition to WMH using polygenic scoring (PRSWMH). Covariate-adjusted Spearman’s rank correlation tests evaluated the association between the PRSWMHand white matter hyperintensities volumes (WMHV). A logistic regression model was performed to explore the association between the PRSWMHand WMH severity, as measured with the Fazekas score. An enrichment analysis of the PRS-annotated genes unveiled the biological mechanisms leading to WMH burden. Group-specific effects were explored based on dementia-related cardiovascular risk factors.

Results

Genetic predisposition to WMH was associated with larger WMHV, even after controlling for confounders, but was not associated with WMH severity. Lipid-related biological processes were driving WMH genetic risk. Individuals genetically predisposed to WMH, who displayed larger WMHV, were either hypercholesterolemic, older than 55 or with lower educational attainment.

Interpretation

Lipid-related mechanisms contribute to WMH in individuals at low cardiovascular risk for late-life dementia. These individuals should be considered for lifestyle- and lipid-modifying therapies to prevent dementia later in life.

Funding

“La Caixa” Foundation, the TriBEKa Imaging Platform, the Universities and Research Secretariat of the Catalan Government, the Spanish Research Agency.
Association between social determinants of health and cardiovascular and cancer mortality in cancer survivors: a nationally representative cohort study
Authors: Chan Jeffrey Shi Kai , Satti Danish Iltaf , Ching Yat Long Anson , Lee Quinncy , Dee Edward Christopher , Ng Kenrick , Chou Oscar Hou-In , Liu Tong , Tse Gary , Lai Agnes
Published: May 2024

Although it is known that social deprivation is associated with higher risks of cardiovascular and cancer mortality in the general population, these associations may not be directly applicable to cancer survivors. Using data from the National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) 2013-2017 with follow-up till the end of 2019, we examined the associations between social determinants of health (SDOH) and the risk of all-cause, cardiovascular, and cancer mortality in cancer survivors, with separate modelling in individuals without cancer for comparison. Two Cox regression models were fitted for each outcome, the first being adjusted for demographics and the second being additionally adjusted for comorbidities and risk factors. Altogether, 37,882 individuals were analysed (representing a weighted population of 57,696,771), including 4179 cancer survivors and 33,703 individuals without cancer. Amongst cancer survivors, worse SDOH was associated with higher all-cause, cardiovascular, and cancer mortality when adjusted for demographics, which were attenuated but remained significant when further adjusted for comorbidities and risk factors. Amongst individuals without cancer, worse SDOH was associated with higher all-cause and cardiovascular mortality only when adjusted for demographics, but not when further adjusted for comorbidities and risk factors. These suggested that in cancer survivors, associations between SDOH and cardiovascular/cancer mortality may be driven by factors beyond comorbidities and risk factors, contrasting individuals without cancer in whom similar associations were probably driven mostly by comorbidities and risk factors.
Asymmetric jet shapes with two-dimensional jet tomography
Authors: Xiao Yu-Xin , He Yayun , Pang Long-Gang , Zhang Hanzhong , Wang Xin-Nian
Published: May 2024

Two-dimensional (2D) jet tomography is a promising tool to study jet medium modification in high-energy heavy-ion collisions. It combines gradient (transverse) and longitudinal jet tomography for selection of events with localized initial jet production positions. It exploits the transverse asymmetry and energy loss that depend, respectively, on the transverse gradient and jet path length inside the quark-gluon plasma (QGP). In this study, we employ 2D jet tomography to study medium modification of the jet shape of γ-triggered jets within the linear Boltzmann transport (LBT) model for jet propagation in heavy-ion collisions. Our results show that jets with small transverse asymmetry (ANn⃗) or small γ-jet asymmetry (xJγ=pTjet/pTγ) exhibit a broader jet shape than those with larger ANn⃗ or xJγ, since the former are produced at the center and go through longer path lengths while the later are off center and close to the surface of the QGP fireball. In events with finite values of ANn⃗, jet shapes are asymmetric with respect to the event plane. Hard partons at the core of the jet are deflected away from the denser region while soft partons from the medium response at large angles flow toward the denser part of QGP. Future experimental measurements of these asymmetric features of the jet shape can be used to study the transport properties of jets and medium responses.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
Unleashing the potential of social media celebrities to promote food waste reduction in educational institutions: developing an extended model based on the value-belief-norm theory
Authors: Ajina Ahmad S. , Ali Saqib , Zamil Ahmad M.A. , Khalid Nadeem , Bait Ali Sulaiman Mohammed Ali
Published: May 2024

Purpose

This study aims to provide insights into the drivers of student engagement in food waste reduction strategies in educational institutions. The proposed research model integrates social media celebrities' attractiveness, expertise and trustworthiness with the value belief norm (VBN) theory to explore their influence on students' behaviour towards food waste reduction.

Design/methodology/approach

The data were collected from 417 students enrolled in public and private universities in the Riyadh and Macca regions of Saudi Arabia to evaluate the proposed model. The partial least squares-structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM) was employed to analyse the responses.

Findings

The results showed that VBN theory's components, such as values (biospheric, altruistic and egoistic), beliefs (new ecological paradigm, awareness of consequences and aspirations of responsibility) and norms significantly and positively influence food waste reduction behavioural intentions. It was also discovered from the results that social media celebrities' attractiveness, expertise and trustworthiness influence food waste reduction behavioural intentions.

Originality/value

This study contributes significantly to the literature by identifying factors influencing student engagement in food waste reduction strategies in educational institutions where limited research exists. It fills this research gap by developing a novel theoretical framework integrating social media celebrities' attributes with the VBN theory to explain these factors.
Combined nomograms for calculating the bearing capacity and reinforcement of high-strength and normal concrete RC columns
Authors: Li Lu , Zhou Dong-hua
Published: May 2024

Purpose

This paper aims to obtain a calculation method by hand without iteration.

Design/methodology/approach

This paper adopts strains as known quantities to solve the internal forces and deformations of the section, simplifies the deflection curve of the column and obtains nomograms that can calculate the bearing capacity and reinforcement of circular reinforced concrete (RC) columns by hand.

Findings

Nomograms include five variables: mechanical reinforcement ratio, relative normal force, dimensionless bending moment, slenderness ratio and ultimate dimensionless curvature. Nomograms corresponding to all classes of concrete have been drawn, and their dimensionless form makes them widely applicable. The calculation results of nomograms are compared and analysed with numerical calculation results, and the difference is within 5%, meeting the engineering requirements.

Originality/value

Calculating the bearing capacity of compression bending components requires considering second-order effects. Therefore, the calculation of the bearing capacity of circular RC columns requires iterative calculation, as it includes dual nonlinearity of material and geometry, and the two are coupled with each other. To calculate the bearing capacity of the section adopting ordinary concrete, it is necessary to solve the transcendental equation iteratively. For high-strength concrete, it can only be solved by numerical integration. A fast calculation method by hand is proposed in this paper.
Customer-centric virtual reality applications adoption in the hospitality industry: quality-value-based adoption model
Authors: Rafdinal Wahyu , Wibisono Nono , Setiawati Lina
Published: May 2024

Purpose

The massive adoption of virtual reality (VR) applications has started since the COVID-19 pandemic, and until now, VR applications are still being used. However, there is limited research that analyses the consumer's perspective on the adoption of VR applications. Thus, this study discovers the adoption of VR applications in the hospitality sector by integrating the value-based adoption model (VAM) and VR quality.

Design/methodology/approach

The data were gathered through a survey of 500 respondents and evaluated through the structural equation model-partial least squares (SEM-PLS).

Findings

Employing SEM-PLS and importance-performance map analysis (IPMA), the findings revealed that VR quality and perceived value are essential determinants in the adoption of VR applications in the hospitality industry.

Practical implications

Practically, this study encourages the hospitality industry to create and develop high-quality VR application technology to benefit visitors. Through this study, hospitality marketing managers, governments and others concerned with the hospitality industry’s future development can create effective ways to increase the adoption of VR applications in this industry.

Originality/value

This study offers novel perspectives into the theory and application of VR quality and VAM in the adoption of VR applications in the hospitality industry.
The challenges in integrating ESG factors into banks’ credit department: a knowledge management enhanced framework
Authors: Saviano Marialuisa , Russo Giuseppe , Farina Briamonte Massimiliano , Di Nallo Loris
Published: May 2024

Purpose

Assuming that knowledge management is a pivotal issue in business to improve and maintain competitive advantages, this paper aims to investigate how knowledge management is useful to face challenges about the integration of environment, social and governance (ESG) factors, filling the gap in the literature regarding knowledge management and ESG in the banking world by considering a real case.

Design/methodology/approach

Starting from the analysis of the more relevant literature on the topic, this paper describes an illustrative real case through interviews with the credit department of an Italian bank that has adopted a specific sustainability approach. This paper discusses this case in the context of the outlined theoretical background to explore the trends and challenges of ESG integration. The case study allows us to evaluate and expand our theoretical framework, leading to a greater understanding of the complex phenomenon under investigation.

Findings

Based on the analysis of the literature combined with the insights that emerged from the experience of the real case, this study shows that there are three primary factors to consider: data issues, competencies and workflow. This study outlines an enhanced knowledge management framework displaying the complexity emerging from the integration of ESG into a bank’s credit department and identify the best practices to pursue.

Practical implications

Given the increasing pressure toward the incorporation of ESG factors into the banking sector, the practical implications of the study are relevant as they provide guidelines for action. Specifically, the practical problems highlighted by the real case, like the priority on themes such as questionnaires, the need for ad hoc commissions and workflow, drive the attention of decision-makers on key aspects to effectively adopt an advanced knowledge management approach aimed at improving the ESG integration. Considering the effect of the banking system on the economy, the best practices this study has identified can also have a positive impact on society as a whole.

Originality/value

The proposed enhanced knowledge management framework offers a guideline to orchestrate ESG integration into banks’ credit departments, considering the increasing need to frame a sustainability-oriented strategic approach that emerges from academic and practical enquiries. This research represents an initial attempt to investigate the integration of ESG factors in the banking system through the lens of knowledge management. The strategic nature of the ESG approach clearly appears in a dynamic environment where stakeholder pressures and regulatory evolutions are strong.
A mixed-method approach on the glass cliff phenomenon: a case of public sector service organizations in Iran
Authors: Kavoosi Sara , Safari Ali , Shaemi Barzoki Ali
Published: May 2024

Purpose

This study aims to develop and test a model of the antecedents, mediators and consequences of the glass cliff phenomenon through public sector service organizations in Iran to explore more insights on gender inequality in managerial positions.

Design/methodology/approach

The current research was conducted based on a mixed-method approach, using both qualitative and quantitative research designs. First, the qualitative method includes content analysis by conducting semi-structured interviews with 20 university professors and expert managers working in public sector service organizations in Iran. The outcomes of the qualitative phase lead to designing the conceptual framework and research hypothesis. Then, through a quantitative phase, 384 female managers working in public sector service organizations in Iran are selected using stratified random sampling and fill out the research questionnaire. The exploratory factor analysis was used to verify the model. Moreover, structural equation modeling, using AMOS 24, was used to test the research hypothesis.

Findings

The findings of the qualitative phase were represented in three categories including antecedents (e.g. the characteristics of women’s leadership, the selection of women based on meritocracy criteria, women’s preferences and organizational factors), mediation effect (e.g. succession planning, personal development planning and support networks) and consequences of the glass cliff phenomenon (e.g. positive and negative consequences). The results of the exploratory factor analysis show there are ten components, explaining 88.5% of variances. Moreover, the test of the structural model supports the direct effect of antecedents on the glass cliff phenomenon. The results also show the effect of the glass cliff phenomenon on consequences through mediation effects.

Research limitations/implications

There are some limitations that can be addressed by other researchers. Accordingly, the limited number of female managers in Iran prevented larger quantitative research. Moreover, the current research only found casual and mediation consequences of the glass cliff phenomenon, and potential moderators were not considered in this study.

Originality/value

The present study’s innovations may include using a mixed-method approach to investigate the antecedents, mediators and consequences of the glass cliff phenomenon in this study and examining the model constructs in some public sector service organizations. This research may provide a deep understanding of the antecedents, mediators and consequences of the glass cliff phenomenon by finding new factors using a mixed-method approach.
Multi-orientation adaptive slice and path generation based on support constraint and relationship matrix
Authors: Guo Hongshuai , Zhang Shuyou , Zhang Nan , Liu Xiaojian , Yi Guodong
Published: May 2024

Purpose

The step effect and support structure generated by the manufacturing process of fused deposition molding parts increase the consumables cost and decrease the printing quality. Multiorientation printing helps improve the surface quality of parts and reduce support, but path interference exists between the printing layer and the layers printed. The purpose of this study is to design printing paths between different submodels to avoid interference when build orientation changed.

Design/methodology/approach

Considering support constraint, build orientation sequence is designed for submodels decomposed by model topology. The minimum printing angle between printing layers is analyzed. Initial path through the oriented bounding box is planned and slice interference relationship is then detected according to the projection topology mapping. Based on the relationship matrix of multiorientation slice, feasible path is calculated by directed graph (DG). Final printing path is determined under support constraint and checked by minimum printing angle. The simulation model of the robotic arm is established to verify the accessibility of printing path under the constraint of support and slice.

Findings

The proposed method can reduce support structure, decrease volume error and effectively solve the interference problem of the printing path for multiorientation slice.

Originality/value

The method based on projection topology mapping greatly improves the efficiency of interference detection. A feasible path calculated through DGs ensures the effectiveness of the printing path with the constraint of support and slice.
Collaboration risk, vulnerability, and resource sharing in disaster management networks
Authors: Song Minsun , Hwang Joungyoon , Seo Inseok
Published: May 2024

Local governments have the authority to implement emergency management and are the primary responders in emergencies. They are strategically positioned to lead the charge in disaster response. Similar to other wicked problems, disasters require comprehensive and complicated responses. Local emergency management networks facilitate the exchange of information and resources between local entities and their collaborating partners. Successful collaboration across local governments is imperative in unexpected and urgent incidents. This paper applies the institutional collective action (ICA) framework to investigate the effects of relational risk and vulnerability on the formation of networks. The relational risk perceived by each collaborative organisation and the vulnerability of the community are crucial factors in the establishment and maintenance of collaborative networks. In addition, the need for resource exchange also affects the formation of networks. Logistic regression estimates the effect of collaboration risk and vulnerability on network formation using data from the 2015 Seoul EM survey. The findings confirm that the perceived collaboration risk negatively influences the establishment of collaborative ties in networks, while the perceived vulnerability level positively affects the arrangement of collaborative networks. In addition, the respondent's need for resource exchange increases when building networks. These results imply that relieving the relational risk levels is important for facilitating inter‐organisational collaboration. Furthermore, the actors’ assessments of the vulnerability of the community influence their willingness to join networks to relieve external uncertainty and susceptibility. Lastly, organisations’ give‐and‐take relationships on information sharing and physical resource transmission have the potential to stimulate the establishment of collaborative networks.

Points for practitioners

Sustainable interconnectedness among functionally and horizontally fragmented organisations is crucial for dealing with disasters efficiently, but it does not come solely from emergency management planning itself. Understanding the risk mechanism embedded in an interdependent relationship should increase the potential benefits of a successful response.

The degree of vulnerability in a community affects the level of risk perception when collaborating with other organisations. Beyond the internal capacity or assessment of their organisation, how they view their community in general influences their decision‐making differently when it comes to forging inter‐relational collaboration.

Resource sharing in a timely manner is crucial during disasters. Each organisation has different negotiating powers and needs to consider building interdependent relationships.
Perceived health status after mid‐urethral sling revision in 287 women from the VIGI‐MESH registry: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Camilli Hugo , Fatton Brigitte , Gand Elise , Campagne‐Loiseau Sandrine , De Tayrac Renaud , Wagner Laurent , Saussine Christian , Rigaud Jérôme , Thubert Thibault , Deffieux Xavier , Cosson Michel , Ferry Philippe , Capon Grégoire , Panel Laure , Chartier‐Kastler Emmanuel , Gauthier Tristan , Game Xavier , Bouynat Cassandra , Bichon Romane , Fauconnier Arnaud , Pizzoferrato Anne‐Cécile , Fritel Xavier
Published: May 2024

Objective

To evaluate the health status and recovery of women after mid‐urethral sling (MUS) revision in response to complications.

Design

Cross‐sectional study using a questionnaire sent to women from a registry.

Setting

Twenty‐two French surgical centres.

Population

A total of 287 women from the VIGI‐MESH registry responded, having undergone MUS revision for complications.

Methods

Our sample of women were compared against a representative set of French women taken from the Eurostat database. Multivariate analysis was performed to identify clinical predictors for successful MUS revision. A qualitative analysis was carried out on free‐text comments.

Main outcome measures

Health status, defined by the Minimum European Health Module, and recovery, assessed by Patient Global Impression of Improvement.

Results

The response rate was 76% (287/378), with 49% of the women (141/287, 95% CI 43%–55%) reporting good health status, which was 8 points lower than that expected from the comparator French set (57%, 95% CI 55%–58%). Overall, 53% (147/275, 95% CI 47%–59%) of the women reported feeling much better after MUS revision. Just over one‐third (35%, 95/275, 95% CI 29%–40%) of respondents reported poor health with little or no improvement. Multivariate analysis showed that being operated on for pain at revision was associated with worse self‐perceived health than being operated on for exposure (OR 0.36, 95% CI 0.14–0.95); women with pre‐existing comorbidity reported a poorer health status following MUS revision (OR 0.22, 95% CI 0.13–0.38).

Conclusions

Our results suggest that half of the women recovered good health status after MUS revision, whereas a proportion appeared to be seriously affected by an MUS complication despite the revision.
Nondestructive testing of runny salted egg yolk based on improved ConvNeXt‐T
Authors: Chen Haoran , Chang Yulong , Chen Yuanzhe , Liu ChenKang , Zhu ZhiHui , Liu ShiWei , Wang Qiaohua
Published: May 2024

Salted egg yolks from salted duck eggs are widely utilized in the domestic and international food industry as both raw materials and ingredients. When salted egg yolks are not fully cured and matured, they exist in a fluid state, with a mixture of solid and liquid internally. Due to this composition, they are susceptible to deterioration during storage and usage, necessitating their detection and classification. In this study, a dataset specifically for salted egg yolks was established, and the ConvNeXt‐T model, employed as the benchmark model, underwent two notable improvements. First, a lightweight location‐aware circular convolution (ParC) was introduced, utilizing a ParC‐block to replace a portion of the original ConvNeXt‐T block. This enhancement aimed to overcome the limitations of convolution in extracting global feature information while integrating the global sensing capability of vision transformer and the localization capability of convolution. Additionally, the activation function was modified through substitution. These improvements resulted in the final model. Experimental results indicate that the enhanced model exhibits faster convergence on the custom salted egg yolk dataset compared to the baseline model. Furthermore, a significant reduction of model parameters by a factor of 4 led to a 2.167 percentage point improvement in the accuracy of the test set. The ParC‐ConvNeXt‐SMU‐T model achieved an accuracy of 96.833% with 26.8 million parameters. Notably, the improved model demonstrates exceptional effectiveness in recognizing salted egg yolks.

Practical Application

This study can be widely applied in the process of salted egg yolk production and quality inspection, which can improve the actual sorting efficiency of salted egg yolks and reduce the labor cost at the same time. It can also be used for nondestructive testing of salted egg yolks by governmental enterprises and other regulatory authorities.