bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
MR Imaging of Intra- and Periarticular Cyst-Like Lesions of the Knee Joint in Workers with Occupational Kneeling
Authors: Rytter Søren , Jensen Lilli Kirkeskov , Bonde Jens Peter , Egund Niels
Published: June 2012

Objective. To determine the risk of intra- and periarticular cyst-like lesions of the knee joint in occupational kneeling.Methods. Magnetic resonance imaging of both knees (n=282) was conducted in 92 male floor layers and 49 male graphic designers (referents), with a mean age of 55.6 years (range 42–70 years). The prevalence of cyst-like lesions was computed among floor layers and graphic designers, respectively, and associations with occupation summarized by odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Using logistic regression, models were adjusted for age, body mass index, knee injuries, and knee-straining sports.Results. Floor layers had a significantly higher prevalence of cyst-like lesions in the posterior part of the knee joint compared to graphic designers (OR 2.70, 95% CI 1.50–4.84). Floor layers also had a higher prevalence of fluid collections in the popliteus tendon recess (OR 2.17, 95% CI 0.99–4.77) and large cystic lesions of the popliteus muscle (OR 3.83, 95% CI 0.78–18.89). The prevalence of cystic lesions in the anterior part of the knee joint was low among floor layers (8.7%) and there was no significant difference between the two trade groups (P=0.34).Conclusions. Occupational kneeling increases the risk of cyst-like lesions in the posterior part of the knee joint.
Proinflammatory Effects of C-Peptide in Different Tissues
Authors: Vasic Dusica , Walcher Daniel
Published: June 2012

Atherosclerosis is well known as an inflammatory disease that can lead to clinical complications such as heart attack or stroke. C-peptide as a cleavage product of proinsulin is in the last few decades known as an active peptide with a number of different effects on microvascular and macrovascular complications in type 2 diabetic patients. Patients with insulin resistance and early type 2 diabetes show elevated levels of C-peptide in blood. Several last findings demonstrated deposition of C-peptide in the vessel wall in ApoE-deficient mice and induction of local inflammation. Besides that, C-peptide has proliferative effects on human mesangial cells. This review discusses recently published proinflammatory effects of C-peptide in different tissues.
The Analysis and Control for Singular Ecological‐Economic Model with Harvesting and Migration
Authors: Zhang Qingling , Niu Hong , Zhao Lichun , Bai Fenglan
Published: June 2012

To keep the resources renewable, a singular ecological‐economic model is proposed for the populations with harvesting and migration. The local stability and the dynamic behavior of the model are studied. Singular induced bifurcation appears when economic interest is zero, which is different from the ordinary differential models. In order to apply variable structure control to eliminate these complex behaviors, the singular model is transformed into a single‐input and single‐output model with parameter varying within definite intervals. And then, a variable structure controller is designed to make the model stable. Finally, an inshore‐offshore fishery model is given to illustrate the proposed method, and some numerical simulations are shown to demonstrate the control results.
Cigarette Smoking and Risk of Meningioma: The Effect of Gender
Authors: Claus Elizabeth B. , Walsh Kyle M. , Calvocoressi Lisa , Bondy Melissa L. , Schildkraut Joellen M. , Wrensch Margaret , Wiemels Joseph L.
Published: June 2012

Background: A number of studies have reported on the association between smoking and meningioma risk, with inconsistent findings. We examined the effect of gender on the association between cigarette smoking and risk of intracranial meningioma in a large population-based, case–control study.

Methods: The data include 1,433 intracranial meningioma cases aged 29 to 79 years diagnosed among residents of the states of Connecticut, Massachusetts, North Carolina, the San Francisco Bay Area and eight Texas counties between May 1, 2006 and April 28, 2011 as well as 1,349 controls that were frequency matched on age, sex, and geography. The data are analyzed separately and in a meta-analysis with six previously reported studies.

Results: Female cases who reported having ever smoked were at significantly decreased risk of intracranial meningioma (OR, 0.8; 95% CI, 0.7–0.9) in contrast to male cases who were at increased risk (OR, 1.3; 95% CI, 1.0–1.7). Similar findings were noted for current and past smokers. Smoking-induced risk for females did not vary by menopausal status. For males, increased duration of use (P = 0.04) as well as increasing number of pack-years (P = 0.02) was associated with elevated risk. A meta-analysis including 2,614 cases and 1,179,686 controls resulted in an OR for ever smoking of 0.82 (95% CI, 0.68–0.98) for women and 1.39 (95% CI, 1.08–1.79) for men.

Conclusion: The association of cigarette smoking and meningioma case status varies significantly by gender with women at reduced risk and men at greater risk.

Impact: Whether the observed differences are associated with a hormonal etiology will require additional investigation. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 21(6); 943–50. ©2012 AACR.
Selection Bias in Population-Based Cancer Case–Control Studies Due to Incomplete Sampling Frame Coverage
Authors: Walsh Matthew C. , Trentham-Dietz Amy , Gangnon Ronald E. , Nieto F. Javier , Newcomb Polly A. , Palta Mari
Published: June 2012

Background: Increasing numbers of individuals are choosing to opt out of population-based sampling frames due to privacy concerns. This is especially a problem in the selection of controls for case–control studies, as the cases often arise from relatively complete population-based registries, whereas control selection requires a sampling frame. If opt out is also related to risk factors, bias can arise.

Methods: We linked breast cancer cases who reported having a valid driver's license from the 2004–2008 Wisconsin women's health study (N = 2,988) with a master list of licensed drivers from the Wisconsin Department of Transportation (WDOT). This master list excludes Wisconsin drivers that requested their information not be sold by the state. Multivariate-adjusted selection probability ratios (SPR) were calculated to estimate potential bias when using this driver's license sampling frame to select controls.

Results: A total of 962 cases (32%) had opted out of the WDOT sampling frame. Cases age <40 (SPR = 0.90), income either unreported (SPR = 0.89) or greater than $50,000 (SPR = 0.94), lower parity (SPR = 0.96 per one-child decrease), and hormone use (SPR = 0.93) were significantly less likely to be covered by the WDOT sampling frame (α = 0.05 level).

Conclusions: Our results indicate the potential for selection bias due to differential opt out between various demographic and behavioral subgroups of controls. As selection bias may differ by exposure and study base, the assessment of potential bias needs to be ongoing.

Impact: SPRs can be used to predict the direction of bias when cases and controls stem from different sampling frames in population-based case–control studies. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 21(6); 881–6. ©2012 AACR.
A Randomized Trial of Aerobic Exercise and Sleep Quality in Lymphoma Patients Receiving Chemotherapy or No Treatments
Authors: Courneya Kerry S. , Sellar Christopher M. , Trinh Linda , Forbes Cynthia C. , Stevinson Clare , McNeely Margaret L. , Peddle-McIntyre Carolyn J. , Friedenreich Christine M. , Reiman Tony
Published: June 2012

Background: Patients with lymphoma experience sleep problems that may be managed with aerobic exercise but no previous study has examined this issue.

Methods: We randomized 122 patients with lymphoma to usual care (n = 62) or 12 weeks of supervised aerobic exercise training (AET; n = 60). Our primary sleep endpoint was global sleep quality assessed by the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). Secondary endpoints were the PSQI component scores. Planned subgroup analyses were also conducted.

Results: Intention-to-treat analyses indicated that AET resulted in a nonsignificant (P = 0.16) improvement in global sleep quality compared with usual care [mean group difference = −0.64; 95% confidence interval (CI), −1.56 to +0.27]. In planned subgroup analyses, statistically significant or borderline significant interactions were identified for type of lymphoma (Pinteraction = 0.006), current treatment status (Pinteraction = 0.036), time since diagnosis (Pinteraction = 0.010), body mass index (Pinteraction = 0.075), and baseline sleep quality (Pinteraction = 0.041). Specifically, AET improved global sleep quality in patients with lymphoma who had indolent non–Hodgkin lymphoma (P = 0.001), were receiving chemotherapy (P = 0.013), were <2 years post-diagnosis (P = 0.005), were obese (P = 0.025), and were poor sleepers at baseline (P = 0.007).

Conclusions: AET did not significantly improve sleep quality in this heterogeneous sample of patients with lymphoma; however, clinically identifiable subgroups appeared to benefit. Future exercise trials targeting these responsive subgroups are needed to confirm these findings.

Impact: If replicated in larger and more focused trials, aerobic exercise may be an attractive option to manage sleep dysfunction in patients with cancer because of its favorable safety profile and other documented health benefits. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 21(6); 887–94. ©2012 AACR.
EGFR Somatic Mutations in Lung Tumors: Radon Exposure and Passive Smoking in Former- and Never-Smoking U.S. Women
Authors: Taga Masataka , Mechanic Leah E. , Hagiwara Nobutoshi , Vähäkangas Kirsi H. , Bennett William P. , Alavanja Michael C.R. , Welsh Judith A. , Khan Mohammed A. , Lee Adam , Diasio Robert , Edell Eric , Bungum Aaron , Jang Jin Sung , Yang Ping , Jen Jin , Harris Curtis C.
Published: June 2012

Background: Patients with lung cancer with mutations in EGF receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase have improved prognosis when treated with EGFR inhibitors. We hypothesized that EGFR mutations may be related to residential radon or passive tobacco smoke.

Methods: This hypothesis was investigated by analyzing EGFR mutations in 70 lung tumors from a population of never and long-term former female smokers from Missouri with detailed exposure assessments. The relationship with passive smoking was also examined in never-smoking female lung cancer cases from the Mayo clinic.

Results: Overall, the frequency of EGFR mutation was 41% [95% confidence interval (CI), 32%–49%]. Neither radon nor passive-smoking exposure was consistently associated with EGFR mutations in lung tumors.

Conclusions: The results suggest that EGFR mutations are common in female, never-smoking lung cancer cases from the United States, and EGFR mutations are unlikely due to exposure to radon or passive smoking. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 21(6); 988–92. ©2012 AACR.
Do Common Variants Separate between Obese Melanocortin-4 Receptor Gene Mutation Carriers and Non-Carriers? The Impact of Cryptic Relatedness
Authors: Mühlhaus Jessica , Pütter Carolin , Brumm Harald , Grallert Harald , Illig Thomas , Scherag Susann , Reinehr Thomas , Pott Wilfried , Albayrak Özgür , Wang Hai-Jun , Bau Anne-Madeleine , Wiegand Susanna , Grüters Annette , Krude Heiko , Hebebrand Johannes , Hinney Anke , Biebermann Heike , Scherag André
Published: June 2012

Background/Aims: Genome-wide association studies revealed associations of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) flanking MC4R with body mass index variability and obesity. We genotyped 28 SNPs, covering MC4R, and searched for haplotypes discriminating between obese mutation carriers and non-carriers. Methods: We analyzed all three-marker haplotype combinations of the 28 SNPs to discriminate between obese mutation carriers and non-carriers – overall and in functional categories for 25 different MC4R mutations: (a) ‘like wild type’, (b) ‘partial loss of function’, and (c) ‘complete loss of function’. We checked for the possible impact of ‘cryptic relatedness’ by sensitivity analyses including only 1 randomly selected patient per mutation. Results: Overall analyses revealed a haplotype of 3 SNPs downstream of the MC4R discriminating between obese mutation carriers and obese non-carriers. However, sensitivity analyses showed that the finding is most likely due to cryptic relatedness. Conclusion: Given a mutation prevalence of 1–5%, the sample size of 62 obese mutation carriers with overall 25 different MC4R mutations represents a unique feature of our study. Taking MC4R as an example, we demonstrate the impact of cryptic relatedness when trying to link non-coding SNPs to functionally relevant mutations. Hence, a thorough mutation screen can currently not be guided by SNP genotyping.
Blood Coagulation and the Practical Significance of Recent Advances in Knowledge of Prothrombin and Ac-Globulin
Authors: SEEGERS WALTER H.
Published: June 2012

An attempt is made to describe the nature of the chemical interactions participating in blood clotting. In the laboratory, thrombin can be derived directly from prothrombin without the physiologic activators calcium, thromboplastin, Ac-globulin, and platelet derivatives. The newly recognized clotting factor, Ac-globulin, is essential for normal physiologic hemostasis. Plasma Ac-globulin concentration decreases in experimental liver damage, temporarily with dicumarol administration and may increase from high doses of aminophylline. In citrated storage plasma it is stable for a week but not in oxalated human plasma. Compared with other species, human plasma contains a low concentration of Ac-globulin. Methods for Ac-globulin analysis have been developed; perhaps more important is the fact that the two-stage method for prothrombin analysis need no longer be considered a complicated procedure.
Paroxysmal Ventricular Tachycardia: A Study of One Hundred and Seven Cases
Authors: ARMBRUST CHARLES A. , LEVINE SAMUEL A.
Published: June 2012

A review is presented of 107 cases of paroxysmal ventricular tachycardia. In the majority it was associated with acute coronary thrombosis or coronary sclerosis, in some with rheumatic valvular disease, and in others with no organic heart disease. It is generally critical and demands careful attention. Occasional cases are overlooked because only one heart sound is present for each cardiac cycle and the heart rate is misjudged to be one-half the actual rate. The outlook often is serious if the condition is not effectively treated. Therapy generally is successful in controlling the arrhythmia. The most valuable drug is quinidine. Other medications are magnesium sulfate, atropine, potassium salts, and possibly morphine.
Determination of Blood Volume in the Heart and Lungs and the Cardiac Output through the Injection of Radiophosphorus
Authors: NYLIN GUSTAV , CELANDER HJÖRDIS
Published: June 2012

The dilution curve of the specific activity of the erythrocytes in the arterial blood after intravenous injection of labeled erythrocytes with P
32
has been treated mathematically. It is possible with the help of the dilution curve to calculate the minute volume of the heart and the thoracic pool (the residual blood of the heart + the blood content of the lungs). The values of the thoracic pool amount to about 30 per cent of the total circulatory blood-volume.
Atrophy of the Heart: A Correlative Study of Eighty-Five Proved Cases
Authors: HELLERSTEIN H. K. , SANTIAGO-STEVENSON D.
Published: June 2012

This critical study of atrophy of the heart is based upon a detailed analysis of 85 proved cases. The clinical, roentgenographic and electrocardiographic features are considered to be sufficiently distinctive to facilitate antemortem recognition. The clinical implications of atrophy of the heart and the reversibility of atrophy and hypertrophy are emphasized.
Clinical Studies on Veratrum Alkaloids
Authors: MEILMAN EDWARD , KRAYER OTTO
Published: June 2012

The action of two pure veratrum alkaloids, veratridine and protoveratrine, in human hypertension is described for the first time. The vasodepressor reflex pathway involved in the response to these ester alkaloids is reviewed. Protoveratrine is found to produce a striking fall in blood pressure in both essential and renal hypertension after intravenous administration.
Subendocardial Infarction: Report of Six Cases and Critical Survey of the Literature
Authors: LEVINE HAROLD D. , FORD RALPH V.
Published: June 2012

In the ordinary evolution of an acute myocardial infarct the electrocardiogram shows T wave (ischemia), RS-T segment ("current of injury") and QRS (death of muscle) changes. This paper presents a special group of cases of infarction in which only T wave and RS-T segment changes developed even when patients were observed over a considerable period. Therefore, the curves as such could not be considered diagnostic of myocardial infarction. The authors here describe a unique and intriguing group of cases of fatal myocardial infarction with electrocardiograms resembling those seen in stress tests for coronary insufficiency and showing rimlike subendocardial infarcts at postmortem.
Dilatation and Pulsation of the Left Subclavian Artery in the Roentgen-Ray Diagnosis of Coarctation of the Aorta
Authors: STAUFFER HERBERT M. , RIGLER LEO G.
Published: June 2012

Postero-anterior chest roentgenograms in 17 of 20 patients with coarctation of the aorta showed widening of the left upper mediastinal shadow attributed to dilatation of the left subclavian artery; pulsations of this vessel were evident in 12 of 13 cases with roentgenkymograms. In 3 of the latter cases rib notching was absent or equivocal. The subclavian pulsations may be observed fluoroscopically. Recognition of dilatation and pulsation of the left subclavian artery may provide roentgenologic corroboration of a diagnosis of coarctation of the aorta even in the absence of rib notching.
Circulatory Adjustments to the Hypoxemia of Congenital Heart Disease of the Cyanotic Type
Authors: BURCHELL HOWARD B. , TAYLOR BOWEN E. , KNUTSON JULIAN R. B. , WOOD EARL H.
Published: June 2012

In a limited number of subjects having hypoxemia related to congenital malformations of the heart, no evidence was obtained of a correlation between the degree of hypoxemia or the extent of the polycythemia and the systemic blood flow. The circulatory response to exercise was characterized by a greater increase in the arteriovenous oxygen difference than in the systemic blood flow. A syncopal reaction in one patient was preceded by a greatly increased systemic blood flow and a small arteriovenous oxygen difference.
The Effect of an Ordinary Meal on the Electrocardiogram. Normal Standards in Middle-Aged Men and Women
Authors: SIMONSON ERNST , KEYS ANCEL
Published: June 2012

In previous studies on young men it was found that definite changes in the electrocardiogram are produced by an ordinary meal. This work has been extended with a larger series of older men and women. In general, the results confirm the previous studies but an age trend was found in some items. The combined material allowed an analysis of the correlations between the changes in the various items of measurement and more detailed consideration of the physiologic mechanisms involved. Normal fiducial limits for the changes induced by a meal were calculated to provide a basis of discrimination between normal and abnormal responses.
The Meal Test in Clinical Electrocardiography
Authors: SIMONSON ERNST , MCKINLAY C. A.
Published: June 2012

The fact that all ordinary meal induces definite changes in the electrocardiogram suggested the possible utility of a meal test as a mild and convenient form of stress in clinical work. Comparison of normal persons and cardiac patients revealed frequent significant electrocardiographic differences in the response to a meal. This was especially notable in patients with proved or suspected coronary insufficiency. It appeared that the incidence of abnormal responses to the meal increased with the clinical degree of cardiac involvement The response of the T wave was most frequently aberrant in patients.
The Variability of Cardiac Output Estimations Made with the High-Frequency Undamped Balistocardiograph
Authors: PAINE ROBERT M. , SHOCK NATHAN W.
Published: June 2012

Recordings of the ballistocardiogram were made on successive days in a group of subjects free from clinical signs of heart disease. The effects of ambulation and meals on the recordings were evaluated. A small but measurable increase in cardiac index following meals was observed. Significant individual differences were found. In order to obtain comparable ballistocardiographic records, it is important for the patient to fast for four to five hours preceding the measurements. However, familiarity with the procedure and prior bed rest are not essential. Only one set of calculations by one observer is required.
Diagnosis of Coarctation of the Aorta with the Aid of the Low Frequency, Critically Damped Ballistocardiograph
Authors: NICKERSON J. L. , HUMPHREYS G. H. , DETERLING R. A. , FLEMING T. C. , MATHERS J. A. L.
Published: June 2012

Ballistocardiograms taken with the low frequency, critically damped ballistocardiograph on 17 patients having coarctation of the aorta have a characteristic pattern in which the K wave is absent. In the patients in whom the coarctation was surgically removed, the pattern returned toward the normal type with reappearance of the K wave.
Studies on Congestive Circulatory Failure
Authors: SCHROEDER HENRY A.
Published: June 2012

Balance studies in chronic congestive circulatory failure showed marked depression of renal excretion of chloride and further depression when the intake of salt was elevated or when fluids were restricted. This defect may not be accompanied by diminished ability to excrete nitrogen. Although cardiac compensation was usually accompanied by chloride diuresis of proportionate degree, in over one-third of the cases there was evidence of excessive hydration without proportionate retention of salt. Although initiated by a cardiac disorder, congestive failure is mediated by disturbances in renal regulatory mechanisms of both salt and water balances suggesting that hormonal effects play a role.
The Relation between Electrocardiographic Evidence of Right Ventricular Hypertrophy and Pulmonary Arterial Pressure in Patients with Chronic Pulmonary Disease
Authors: JOHNSON JOHN B. , FERRER M. IRENÉ , WEST JOHN R. , COURNAND ANDRÉ
Published: June 2012

Detection of right ventricular hypertrophy during life has often been exceedingly difficult. In a group of 40 patients with pulmonary artery hypertension either at rest or during exercise, in whom right ventricular hypertrophy of varying degree could therefore be anticipated, an attempt is made to correlate the pulmonary hypertension and the electrocardiographic evidence of right ventricular hypertrophy.
Vasomotor Reactions to Heat among Patients with Arterial Disease
Authors: WINSOR TRAVIS
Published: June 2012

Plethysmographic studies of the vasomotor reactions of the digits accompanying body heating were of value in the early detection of peripheral arterial disease. In normal individuals, labile vasomotor activity was shown by great changes in digital volume (a large pulse, alpha and beta waves). These changes were diminished or absent in patients with peripheral arterial disease.
Heart "Sympathin"
Authors: RAAB W. , LEPESCHKIN E. , GIGEE WILDA
Published: June 2012

In view of the growing recognition of the pathogenic role of the adrenosympathetic humoral neurotransmitters in the heart muscle as chemical anoxia-producing agents, cardiac "sympathin" was extracted and assayed both colorimetrically and biologically, and some of its chemical and pharmacodynamic properties were studied in detail. It proved to be at least in part identical with nor-epinephrine (arterenol) and to exert effects analogous to those of epinephrine and nor-epinephrine upon blood pressure, heart rate and the electrocardiogram (depression or inversion of the T wave). Its action was intensified by cocaine and counteracted by nitroglycerine.
Studies of Tissue Response to Injections of Enzymes
Authors: SCHLAMOWITZ SAMUEL T. , DEGRAFF ARTHUR C. , SCHURERT MAXWELL
Published: June 2012

Since 1893, activation of the serum proteolytic enzymes has been accomplished by a variety of methods and agents. Activation of the serum proteolytic enzyme by means of streptokinase, the beta hemolytic streptococcal kinase, has been recently demonstrated. The significant plasma and tissue hexosamine changes, as well as the subcutaneous "nodules" which developed at the injection sites, resemble those observed in the trypsin treated group. Although trypsin and the serum proteolytic enzyme are not identical, they have many characteristics in common.
QRS-T Patterns in Multiple Precordial Leads that May Be Mistaken for Myocardial Infarction
Authors: MYERS GORDON B.
Published: June 2012

The electrocardiograms of patients with pathologic evidence of right ventricular hypertrophy and/or dilatation and exclusion of myocardial infarction are presented to bring out certain features likely to be mistaken for myocardial infarction: (1) abnormal qR or QS patterns or cove plane inversion of the T waves in leads from the right precordium; (2) reduction in the amplitude of the initial R wave or replacement by a QS deflection and/or change from an upright to an inverted T wave as the electrode is moved from the V
1
position to the transitional zone; (3) abnormal qrS deflections in leads from the left axilla.
Aids for Determining Magnitude and Direction of Electric Axes of the Electrocardiogram
Authors: JACKSON CHARLES E. , WINSOR TRAVIS
Published: June 2012

Tables are presented which serve to facilitate the determination of magnitudes and directions of the electrical axes of various waves and segments of the electrocardiogram (P, QRS, RS-T, T and G). The tables may be used with the standard or unipolar limb leads. Normal values for the magnitudes and directions of certain vectors are presented.
Relation of Basal Metabolic Rate to Vasodilatation and Vasoconstriction of the Extremities of Normal Subjects as Measured by Skin Temperatures
Authors: ROTH GRACE M. , SHEARD CHARLES
Published: June 2012

Various indirect methods of measuring blood flow in the peripheral blood vessels of man are available. Irrespective of the method used for measuring blood flow, certain fundamental factors concerned with the status of the subject or patient influence the measurement of blood flow. These factors are environmental temperature, position of the extremities and food. The present investigation indicates that a consideration of the basal metabolic rate or basal heat production is another important factor.
The Rate of Disappearance of Lanatoside C. and Digitoxin from the Blood of Rats
Authors: BINE RENÉ , FRIEDMAN MEYER , BLAND CATHERINE
Published: June 2012

By means of the embryonic duck heart preparation, both lanatoside C. and digitoxin could be detected and quantitatively measured in the sera of rats after parenteral administration of both drugs. A study of the behavior of the two glycosides in blood indicated that a striking difference existed in the respective rates of disappearance of both drugs from the bloodstream.
The Response of the Flicker Fusion Threshold to Nitroglycerin and Its Potential Value in the Diagnosis, Prognosis, and Therapy of Subclinical and Clinical Cardiovascular Disease
Authors: KRASNO L. R. , IVY A. C.
Published: June 2012

Flicker fusion threshold (F.F.T.) means the frequency with which successive flashes of light must occur to just appear to the eye free from flicker. A simple portable machine is described which will deliver flashes of light at any required interval. Patients with hypertension or anemia have a lower than normal F.F.T.; furthermore, administration of nitroglycerin, 0.4 mg. sublingually, or papaverine, intravenously, raises the threshold in patients with hypertension and coronary disease and lowers it in normal individuals. It is suggested that this test may be of use in the diagnosis of equivocal cases and for the evaluation of therapeutic measures.
Intermittent Reversal of Flow in a Case of Patent Ductus Arteriosus
Authors: JOHNSON ROBERT E. , WERMER PAUL , KUSCHNER MARVIN , COURNAND ANDRÉ
Published: June 2012

The direction of blood shunts between abnormally communicating ventricles or large vessels is dependent upon blood pressure differences in the adjacent structures, and upon the respective vascular resistance in both circulating systems distal to the communication. In a case of patent ductus arteriosus, physiologic measurements suggested that the direction of blood flow through the ductus was reversed intermittently during the systolic phase of the cardiac cycle. Pathologic studies confirmed the hypothesis by demonstrating the presence of "impingement" plaques on the aortic as well as on the pulmonary artery walls opposite the lumen of the ductus. They also gave information concerning the lesions in the pulmonary vascular bed which might be held responsible for the considerable increase in resistance, the pulmonary systolic hypertension and, attendant to it, the cyclic reversal of blood flow.
Acute Coronary Insufficiency Due to Acute Hemorrhage: An Analysis of One Hundred and Three Cases
Authors: MASTER ARTHUR M. , DACK SIMON , HORN HENRY , FREEDMAN BERNARD I. , FIELD LEONARD E.
Published: June 2012

The occurrence of 59 cases of acute coronary insufficiency among 103 patients with acute hemorrhage, chiefly from the gastrointestinal tract, emphasizes the frequency and gravity of this generally unrecognized complication of bleeding. Clinical, electrocardiographic and anatomic manifestations of myocardial ischemia and subendocardial necrosis are prone to appeal in previously diseased hearts, although they may develop in otherwise normal hearts. Consequently, prompt and adequate blood replacement is required in patients with coronary arteriosclerosis, enlarged hearts, valvular heart disease, etc. to prevent as well as to treat coronary insufficiency secondary to hemorrhage.
The Q-T Interval in Normal Infants and Children
Authors: ALIMURUNG MARIANO M. , JOSEPH LESTER G. , CRAIGE ERNEST , MASSELL BENEDICT F.
Published: June 2012

Because of renewed clinical interest in the Q-T interval and because of a need of normal values for an accompanying investigation in rheumatic fever, the Q-T was studied in 517 normal infants and children from birth to 13 years of age. A mean
K
of 0.404 for Bazett's formula and of 0.378 for Ashman and Hull's formula was obtained. With Bazett's curve approximating the data more closely, a Bazett's scattergram of the normal Q-T at varying heart rates was constructed. Although no difference in
K
value was noted between the sexes, significant differences were observed in certain age groups.
The Heart In Renal Disease
Authors: DEROW HARRY A.
Published: June 2012

As a result of recent advances in our understanding of the pathologic and functional disturbances of the heart in renal disease—that is, acute glomerulonephritis, acute renal failure and chronic renal disease—more rational and effective therapy has been developed. This progress has been reviewed.
Therapy of Gram Positive Bacteremias With Presentation of Four Cases
Authors: BECKWITH RICHARD R. , GOYETTE EDWIN M. , SPICER WM. S. , GRABER CHAS. D.
Published: June 2012

Improvement of therapeutic results in bacteremias due to the "resistant" organisms, staphylococci and enterococci, can best be achieved by a critical analysis of current concepts and adherence to certain fundamental principals. Experience with four successfully treated cases of this group of gram positive bacteremias is presented and specific therapeutic recommendations are set forth.
The Effect of Diphenylhydantoin Sodium (Dilantin), Procaine Hydrochloride, Procaine Amide Hydrochloride, and Quinidine Hydrochloride upon Ouabain-Induced Ventricular Tachycardia in Unanesthetized Dogs
Authors: MOSEY LOIS , TYLER MYRA D.
Published: June 2012

Ventricular tachycardia has been produced in unanesthetized dogs by the intravenous injection of ouabain, and the ability of various agents to produce reversion to normal sinus rhythm has been tested. Diphenylhydantoin sodium, procaine amide hydrochloride, procaine hydrochloride and quinidine hydrochloride were approximately equally effective; however the procaine hydrochloride effect was shorter and the drug was more toxic than the other three. It is suggested that diphenylhydantoin sodium may merit a trial for the treatment of digitalis-induced ventricular arrhythmias.
The Dynamics of the Heart in Complete A-V Block
Authors: LIND JOHN , WEGELIUS CARL , LICHTENSTEIN HENRIK
Published: June 2012

The conduction disturbances in atrioventricular block are well known from numerous electrocardiographic studies, but the effect on the heart work, especially on the individual chambers, could not be recorded before the introduction of visualization of the heart chambers by angiocardiography. Rapid biplane angiocardiography with simultaneous electrocardiographic yields information on cardiac dynamics not available by procedures with a purely static anatomic perception.
Anticoagulant Therapy with Dicumarol Maintained during Major Surgery
Authors: MÜLLERTZ STEN , STORM OLE
Published: June 2012

Most postoperative thromboses are probably initiated before or during surgical interventions and most of the fatal embolisms occur during the early postoperative period. As a complete prophylaxis, Dicumarol therapy was begun before, and maintained at an effective level during and after, major surgical interventions in 11 patients with a marked thromboembolic predisposition. No excessive hemorrhage, thromboembolic incidents or other unusual complications were encountered. The precautions necessary for a safe performance of the procedure are described.
Atrial Rupture of the Heart
Authors: KOHN ROBERT M. , HARRIS RAYMOND , GORHAM L. WHITTINGTON
Published: June 2012

This paper reports a case of atrial rupture of the heart and reviews 79 other cases collected from the literature proven by autopsy. Incidence, etiology, pathologic physiology, diagnosis and possible treatment are discussed. Infarction of the atrial wall due to an obliterative endarteritis or thrombotic occlusion is the most common cause of spontaneous rupture of the atrium. With a high index of suspicion of atrial rupture in a patient with atrial infarction or cardiac tamponade, earlier diagnosis and surgical treatment may become possible.
The Relation between Blood Organic Acid Soluble Phosphate Fractions, Citric Acid, Protein Fractions, and Lipid Fractions in Atherosclerotic Heart Diseases and in Lipemias
Authors: GOTTFRIED SIDNEY P. , FRIEDMAN NATHAN H. , AKERSON IRVING B. , POPE RUSSELL H. , DI MAURO SALVATORE
Published: June 2012

Blood organic acid soluble phosphate fractions and serum citric acid determinations were performed on 39 carefully chosen cases of atherosclerosis, in order to determine whether any abnormalities might be detected in the oxidative phosphorylation of glucose or in the Krebs tricarboxylic acid cycle, respectively. No differences were observed between a series of normal individuals and atherosclerotic patients. Likewise, serum protein fractionations determined chemically revealed no differences. Only the serum lipid fractions, the total lipids and total cholesterol in particular, were elevated in 60 per cent of the atherosclerotic patients as compared with the normal subjects.
Postural Hypotension Induced by Atropine Sulfate
Authors: KALSER MARTIN H. , FRYE CHARLES W. , GORDON ARCHER S.
Published: June 2012

Previous tests on the use of large doses of atropine for the treatment of anticholinesterase poisoning have revealed postural hypotension following the administration of 2 mg. of this drug. In this study on 78 normal adult males, the cardiovascular responses to positional change after 2 mg. atropine have been measured and the mechanisms elucidated. Blood pressure response to tilting was normal during control and placebo phases, but showed a profound alteration after atropine.
Phonocardiography in Patent Ductus Arteriosus
Authors: HARING OLGA M. , LUISADA ALDO A. , GASUL BENJAMIN M.
Published: June 2012

The study of 28 patients proved that patients with uncomplicated patent ductus arteriosus have a typical phonocardiographic picture. This consists of a single late systolic-early diastolic murmur which may be either continuous or noncontinuous. These patients also have no electrocardiographic evidence of right ventricular hypertrophy and no elevation of pulmonary arterial pressure. Atypical murmurs are found only when additional aortic or pulmonic lesions or severely elevated pulmonary pressure due to intrapulmonary vascular changes is present. The high percentage of atypical or complicated ducti in infancy explains why infants frequently have atypical murmurs. Phonocardiography increases the accuracy of diagnosis.
Sodium Output—Blood Pressure Relationships and Their Modification by Treatment
Authors: GREEN D. M. , ELLIS EUGENE J.
Published: June 2012

This study summarizes relationships among blood pressure, 24-hour sodium output, basal output and output under load, in patients on self-selected diets. Additional evidence was secured for the existence of a general correlation between blood pressure and sodium output. This correlation persisted when the blood pressure of hypertensive patients was chronically reduced by medical or surgical therapy.
Pattern of Hereditary Susceptibility in Rheumatic Fever
Authors: WILSON MAY G. , SCHWEITZER MORTON
Published: June 2012

This study is concerned with the pattern of inheritance of susceptibility to rheumatic fever. To investigate the genetic mechanism of inheritance in rheumatic fever the families of a selected parent were brought under observation without regard for the presence or absence of rheumatic fever in the unselected mate or collateral relatives. These data are preferable for genetic analysis since they are not biased by selection of affected children and can therefore be analysed directly by the application of simple Mendelian ratios. Two hundred ninety-one families including 646 siblings were under continuous medical supervision at The New York Hospital for an average period of 10 years. Rheumatic fever occurred in 40 children among a total of 121 offspring in 52 genetically susceptible families. By contrast in 239 nonsusceptible families with a total of 525 children, there were only three children who developed rheumatic fever. Genetic analysis of the data gave good agreement with simple recessive inheritance while excluding other mechanisms. The previous conclusion that susceptibility to rheumatic fever is inherited as a simple recessive trait was corroborated.
Estrogen Inhibition of Corticoid Hypertension in Chickens
Authors: STAMLER J. , JOHNSON P. , ELLIS A.
Published: June 2012

Estrogens tend to lower the blood pressure of cockerels. Estrogen-treated cockerels and estrogen-secreting hens are immune to the chronic pressor effects of desoxycorticosterone acetate (DCA) and cortisone.
The Effect of Acute Salt Loads on the Urinary Sodium Output of Normotensive and Hypertensive Patients before and after Surgery
Authors: THOMPSON JESSE E. , SILVA THOMAS F. , KINSEY DERA , SMITHWICK REGINALD H.
Published: June 2012

Under the stress of acute hypertonic salt loading, hypertensives excrete sodium at a much greater rate than normotensives. Immediately following splanchnicectomy, sodium excretion is markedly reduced in the hypertensive, but after several months it returns toward preoperative levels. There appears to be a rough correlation between maximum rate of sodium excretion and mean blood pressure. Normotensives by contrast exhibit insignificant differences pre- and postoperatively.
The Effect of Hexamethonium upon Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism in Patients with Premalignant and Malignant Hypertension
Authors: CRUMPTON CHARLES W. , ROWE GEORGE G. , CAPPS ROBERT C. , WHITMORE JANET J. , MURPHY QUILL R.
Published: June 2012

In 13 patients with grade III or grade IV hypertensive retinopathy the effect of intramuscular hexamethonium bromide on cerebral circulation and metabolism has been studied. The results have been compared with Dewar's study of hexamethonium in less severe hypertensive patients and with Kety's results following differential spinal sympathetic block. Sixty minutes after intramuscular hexamethonium, mean arterial blood pressure fell 39 per cent, cerebral vascular resistance was reduced 29 per cent, and cerebral blood flow decreased 16 per cent. Cerebral oxygen consumption was maintained at the expense of a reduction in cerebral venous oxygen saturation.
Cardiac Resuscitation Following Experimental Arrest by Procaine and Ether
Authors: RYAN MARTIN L. , SALVADOR RICHARD A. , WHITE CHESTER W.
Published: June 2012

A method of producing experimental cardiac arrest is described, and the characteristics of arrest are reported. The efficacy of epinephrine, norepinephrine, phenylephrine and acetyl strophanthidin is compared in the resuscitation of hearts stopped by this method.
Combined Rauwolfia-Hydralazine Therapy of Hypertensive Patients
Authors: NAEGELE CHARLES F. , ROSENMAN RAY H. , HOFFMAN CHARLES L. , FRIEDMAN MEYER
Published: June 2012

Controlled blood pressure responses of 13 hospitalized and 33 ambulatory patients with essential or apparent renal hypertension were studied following combined Rauwolfia-hydralazine therapy. Adequate persistent lowering occurred in most instances of mild or moderate, and frequently even severe, hypertension. Prior and concomitant administration of Rauwolfia largely prevented unpleasant effects of hydralazine, permitted smaller dosage and ease of administration and follow-up—often impossible with large dosage of hydralazine used alone.
The Cardiovascular Aspects of Marfan's Syndrome: A Heritable Disorder of Connective Tissue
Authors: MCKUSICK VICTOR A.
Published: June 2012

Clinically, Marfan's disease behaves as an abiotrophy of some connective tissue element. Cardiovascular manifestations result from defective aortic media, defective valve cusps, interatrial communication, and pectus excavatum. The defect of the aortic media manifests itself by dissecting aneurysm, diffuse aneurysm of the ascending aorta or a combination. Subacute bacterial endocarditis in a patient with Marfan's disease is described. Interatrial septal defect is less frequent than previously believed. Cardiac symptoms in severe pectus excavatum must be evaluated in light of possible Marfan's disease. Fifty families in which at least one
bona fide
instance of Marfan's disease has occurred were collected.
Mechanisms of Intermittent Ventricular Bigeminy
Authors: LANGENDORF R. , PICK A.
Published: June 2012

In a previous report dealing with intermittent ventricular bigeminy due to ventricular premature systoles with fixed coupling in the presence of a grossly irregular dominant pacemaker, it was shown that the appearance and disappearance of the ectopic beats were dependent upon the length of the ventricular cycle ("rule of bigeminy"). In the present report, dealing with ventricular premature systoles with varying coupling in the presence of a regular dominant rhythm, the mechanism of ectopic impulse formation is shown to be either parasystole or re-entry, and the intermittence of bigeminy is due to simple interference or to a disturbance in conduction of a parasystolic or of a re-entrant impulse. Intermittent parasystole is illustrated and presented as a possible link between the two fundamental mechanisms of parasystole and re-entry.
Primary Hemangioendotheliosarcoma of Heart, Diagnosed by Angiocardiography
Authors: CHENG TSUNG O. , SUTTON DON C.
Published: June 2012

Primary malignant tumors of the heart are rare and are seldom recognized before death. This paper reports a case of primary hemangioendotheliosarcoma of the right atrium of the heart, which was diagnosed clinically by angiocardiography. A brief review of the literature is also presented. No reports are to be found in the literature of the antemortem diagnoses of a primary hemangioendotheliosarcoma of the heart by angiocardiography. Autopsy findings are included.
Mechanical and Myocardial Factors in Rheumatic Heart Disease with Mitral Stenosis
Authors: HARVEY RÉJANE M. , FERRER M. IRENÉ , SAMET PHILIP , BADER RICHARD A. , BADER MORTIMER E. , COURNAND ANDRÉ , RICHARDS DICKINSON W.
Published: June 2012

Sixteen patients with rheumatic heart disease and pure mitral stenosis, studied by cardiac catheterization, are presented to illustrate the relative importance of mitral block and myocardial insufficiency in this disease. Analysis of hemodynamic data permitted a separation of those patients with predominantly mechanical mitral block from those in whom myocardial insufficiency appeared to be the predominant lesion. The importance of recognizing the existence of the latter group is emphasized, since commissurotomy will not be of benefit in such cases.
The Role of Auscultation in the Differentiation of Fallot's Tetralogy from Severe Pulmonary Stenosis with Intact Ventricular Septum and Right-to-Left Interatrial Shunt
Authors: VOGELPOEL LOUIS , SCHRIRE VELVA
Published: June 2012

A clinical and phonocardiographic study has been made of the murmurs and heart sounds in the differentiation of Fallot's tetralogy from severe pulmonary stenosis with intact septum and right-to-left interatrial shunt. A striking difference in the behaviour of the systolic murmur was found in the two conditions and this affords a new, simple bedside method of diagnosis. Important differences in the behaviour of the heart sounds were also found, but these are usually more difficult to evaluate clinically and may require special study.
The Effect of Cortisone on Experimentally Produced Myocardial Infarcts
Authors: HEPPER NORMAN G. , PRUITT RAYMOND D. , DONALD DAVID E. , EDWARDS JESSE E.
Published: June 2012

Administration of a moderately large or large dose of cortisone to dogs having acute myocardial infarctions inhibited slightly the rate of removal of necrotic muscle fibers in these animals as compared with untreated animals. Delay was appreciable at four and six days after production of the infarct in animals receiving 2.5 mg. of cortisone per kilogram of body weight and at 4, 6, 12 and 21 days in animals receiving 10 mg. per kilogram. At all other periods up to essentially complete healing of the infarcts as defined at 60 days, no appreciable differences existed between treated and untreated animals.
The Electrocardiographic Pattern of Right Ventricular Hypertrophy in Mitral Valve Disease
Authors: SCOTT RALPH C. , KAPLAN SAMUEL , FOWLER NOBLE O. , STILES WILLIAM J.
Published: June 2012

The electrocardiograms in 32 patients with mitral valve disease have been compared with the pulmonary resistances, the pulmonary artery pressures, and the size of the mitral valve orifice. In patients with pure stenosis if the electrocardiogram showed the pattern of right ventricular hypertrophy the total pulmonary resistance was usually 1000 dynes seconds cm.
–5
or greater. If mitral insufficiency and/or aortic valve lesions were present in addition to mitral stenosis the total pulmonary resistance often exceeded 1000 dynes seconds cm.
–5
without right ventricular hypertrophy being evident in the electrocardiogram.
Blood Pressure Responses to the Valsalva Maneuver in Cardiac Patients with and without Congestive Failure
Authors: JUDSON WALTER E. , HATCHER J. D. , WILKINS ROBERT W.
Published: June 2012

Compensated cardiac patients, like normal subjects, on performing the Valsalva maneuver show a decrease in systolic, diastolic, and pulse pressures during the blowing effort and a characteristic hypertensive overshoot after the release of the strain. Cardiac patients in congestive failure show the "failure response" with a maintenance of the systolic, diastolic, and pulse pressures during the expiratory strain and an absence of the overshoot afterwards. Experimental and clinical observations in patients indicate that this "failure response" is due to elevation of the right ventricular diastolic pressure, which interferes with the normal obstruction of venous return during the blowing effort of the Valsalva maneuver.