bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Are consumers willing to pay a premium for art-infused products?
Authors: Gupta Mansi
Published: February 2023

Purpose

Art-infusion has become a common practice among brands across the globe. This is because marketers leverage the uniqueness and prestige of arts to earn superior profits. Hence, this research aims to understand and measure consumers' willingness to pay (WTP) for art-infused products.

Design/methodology/approach

A questionnaire was designed based on conjoint analysis and was responded to by 470 respondents from India. The estimation of preference functions in conjoint analysis was intended to use orthogonal arrays to measure WTP.

Findings

The study reveals consumers' utility and WTP for different art-infused products. The results indicated that consumers have the highest WTP for products that have artwork dominated by the visual elements of colour, shapes and space.

Practical implications

The paper presents valuable findings for marketers to develop their product design and earn superior profits.

Originality/value

This is the first study in the domain of the art infusion phenomenon that measures WTP for non-luxury art-infused products. Also, this is the first study to measure WTP for different kinds of art forms.
Promote Internally or Hire Externally? The Role of Gift Exchange and Performance Measurement Precision
Authors: CHAN ERIC W. , LILL JEREMY B. , MAAS VICTOR S.
Published: February 2023

Managers often face the choice between promoting an internal employee and hiring an external candidate. Using an interactive experiment, we examine the drivers of managers’ promote/hire decisions and internal employees’ behavior before and after those decisions. Consistent with gift exchange theory, we find that employees exert costly effort to increase the chance of being promoted, and they raise their effort level as the promote/hire decision becomes imminent. Managers respond by promoting those who exert high effort, despite employees’ inferior ability compared to external candidates. Results suggest that managers view employees’ past effort as both a gift to reciprocate and a signal of their future effort. Moreover, we find that managers are more likely to promote internally rather than hire externally under a less precise performance measurement system, and this result is driven by managers who observe low employee output. Finally, we find that total effort is significantly higher when managers promote internally versus hire externally.
Changes in transcranial near‐infrared spectroscopy values reflect changes in cardiac index during cardiac surgery
Authors: Lanning Katriina M. , Ylikauma Laura A. , Erkinaro Tiina M. , Ohtonen Pasi P. , Vakkala Merja A. , Kaakinen Timo I.
Published: February 2023

To determine whether changes in transcranial near‐infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) values reflect changes in cardiac index (CI) in adult cardiac surgical patients. Single‐center prospective post hoc analysis. University hospital. One hundred and twenty‐four adult patients undergoing cardiac surgery. In each patient, several CI measurements were taken, and NIRS values were collected simultaneously. We used a hierarchical linear regression model to assess the association between NIRS values and CI. We calculated a crude model with NIRS as the only factor included, and an adjusted model, where mean arterial pressure, end‐tidal CO2, and oxygen saturation were used as confounding factors. A total of 1301 pairs of NIRS and CI values were collected. The analysis of separate NIRS and CI pairs revealed a poor association, which was not statistically significant when adjusted with the chosen confounders. However, when the changes in NIRS from baseline or from the previous measurement were compared to those of CI, a clinically and statistically significant association between NIRS and CI was observed also in the adjusted model. Compared to the baseline and to the previous measurement, respectively, the regression coefficients with 95% confidence intervals were 0.048 (0.041–0.056) and 0.064 (0.055–0.073) in off‐pump coronary artery bypass patients and 0.022 (0.016–0.029) and 0.026 (0.020–0.033) in patients who underwent cardiopulmonary bypass. In an unselected cardiac surgical population, the changes in NIRS values reflect those in CI, especially in off‐pump coronary artery bypass patients. In this single‐center post hoc analysis of data from a prospectively collected database of cardiac surgery patients, paired measurements of cardiac output and NIRS revealed that while there was a no correlation between individual paired measurements, a small correlation was found in changes in the two measurements from baseline values. This highlights a potential to utilize changes in NIRS from baseline to suggest changes in cardiac output in cardiac surgical populations.
Delirium‐related psychiatric and neurocognitive impairment and the association with post‐intensive care syndrome—A narrative review
Authors: Ramnarain Dharmanand , Pouwels Sjaak , Fernández‐Gonzalo Sol , Navarra‐Ventura Guillem , Balanzá‐Martínez Vicent
Published: February 2023

Introduction

Delirium is common among patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) and its impact on the neurocognitive and psychiatric state of survivors is of great interest. These new‐onset or worsening conditions, together with physical alterations, are called post‐intensive care syndrome (PICS). Our aim is to update on the latest screening and follow‐up options for psychological and cognitive sequelae of PICS.

Method

This narrative review discusses the occurrence of delirium in ICU settings and the relatively new concept of PICS. Psychiatric and neurocognitive morbidities that may occur in survivors of critical illness following delirium are addressed. Future perspectives for practice and research are discussed.

Results

There is no “gold standard” for diagnosing delirium in the ICU, but two extensively validated tools, the confusion assessment method for the ICU and the intensive care delirium screening checklist, are often used. PICS complaints are frequent in ICU survivors who have suffered delirium and have been recognized as an important public health and socio‐economic problem worldwide. Depression, anxiety, post‐traumatic stress disorder, and long‐term cognitive impairment are recurrently exhibited. Screening tools for these deficits are discussed, as well as the suggestion of early assessment after discharge and at 3 and 12 months.

Conclusions

Delirium is a complex but common phenomenon in the ICU and a risk factor for PICS. Its diagnosis is challenging with potential long‐term adverse outcomes, including psychiatric and cognitive difficulties. The implementation of screening and follow‐up protocols for PICS sequelae is warranted to ensure early detection and appropriate management.
Fairness, Equity, and Justice Implications of French‐Influenced Environmental Policy in Africa
Authors: Njoh Ambe J.
Published: February 2023

France has played an active role in the environmental policy field in Africa prior to, during, and since the European colonial era on the continent in the 19th century. However, because France's overseas activities receive inadequate attention in the Anglophone literature, knowledge of this role is scant among English‐speaking scholars. This article analyzes French activities in the environmental policy field in Africa. The focus is on five specific substantive environmental policy areas: land tenure, forestry, agriculture, mining, and the built environment. The main objective is to highlight the environmental fairness, equity, and justice implications of French activities in these areas. The activities are shown to be unfair, inequitable, and unjust to traditionally marginalized societal groups. These groups were comprised of indigenous Africans during the colonial era and, thereafter, of the poor, women, and ethnic minorities. National and international authorities would do well to institute fairness, equity, and justice as a requirement for all initiatives, especially by multinational corporations, in the environmental policy field in Africa.
Extracorporeal therapy of sepsis by purified granulocyte concentrates: ex vivo circulation model
Authors: Klinkmann Gerd , Wild Thomas , Heskamp Benjamin , Doss Fanny , Doss Sandra , Milej Magdalena , Thiele Lea‐Marie , Goudeva Lilia , Blasczyk Rainer , Reuter Daniel A. , Altrichter Jens , Mitzner Steffen
Published: February 2023

Background

Immune cell dysfunction is a central part of immune paralysis in sepsis. Granulocyte concentrate (GC) transfusions can induce tissue damage via local effects of neutrophils. The hypothesis of an extracorporeal plasma treatment with granulocytes is to show beneficial effects with fewer side effects. Clinical trials with standard GC have supported this approach. This ex vivo study investigated the functional properties of purified granulocyte preparations during the extracorporeal plasma treatment.

Methods

Purified GC were stored for up to 3 days and compared with standard GC in an immune cell perfusion therapy model. The therapy consists of a plasma separation device and an extracorporeal circuit. Plasma is perfused through the tubing system with donor immune cells of the GC, and only the treated plasma is filtered for re‐transfusion. The donor immune cells are retained in the extracorporeal system and discarded after treatment. Efficacy of granulocytes regarding phagocytosis, oxidative burst as well as cell viability and metabolic parameters were assessed.

Results

In pGC, the metabolic surrogate parameters of cell functionality showed comparable courses even after a storage period of 72 h. In particular, glucose and oxygen consumption were lower after extended storage. The course of lactate dehydrogenase concentration yields no indication of cell impairment in the extracorporeal circulation. The cells were viable throughout the entire study period and exhibited preserved phagocytosis and oxidative burst functionality.

Conclusion

The granulocytes demonstrated full functionality in the 6 h extracorporeal circuits after 3 days storage and in septic shock plasma. This is demonstrating the functionality of the system and encourages further clinical studies.
High rate of insecure attachment patterns in preterm infants at early school age
Authors: Mehler Katrin , Heine Eva , Kribs Angela , Schömig Charlotte , Reimann Lisa , Nonhoff Charlotte , Kissgen Rüdiger
Published: February 2023

Aim

In preterm infants, insecure attachment is associated with behavioural and emotional problems but data on attachment beyond toddler age are scarce. This study assessed attachment security at 6–8 years in very and moderate or late preterm infants. The results were compared to a non‐clinical full‐term sample.

Methods

Attachment security of 38 very and 20 moderate or late preterm infants was assessed during a home visit with the German version of the Attachment Story Completion Task. Attachment patterns of 28 full‐term controls were taken from a previous study. Primary outcomes were attachment security and attachment security score. Secondary outcomes for the preterm groups were infant behavioural problems, parental stress, perceived social support, maternal depressive symptoms, and infant development.

Results

Very preterm infants had the highest rate of insecure attachment (81%) compared to moderate or late preterm infants (60%) and full‐term infants (47%); (p = 0.013). Attachment security scores differed significantly between very preterm and full‐term infants (p = 0.001). Secondary outcomes were similar in very and moderate or late preterm cohorts.

Conclusion

Prematurity was associated with an increased risk of insecure attachment at early school age. Interventions targeting attachment security are reasonable considering the high rate of behavioural problems following premature birth.
Prediction scores based on neonatal inflammatory markers for chorioamnionitis and funisitis in extremely low gestational age neonates
Authors: Yoshimatsu Hidetaka , Iwai Masanori , Kitabatake Yasuji , Ozono Keiichi , Nakamura Kimitoshi
Published: February 2023

Aim

The aim of the study was to examine the predictive value of inflammatory markers for chorioamnionitis and funisitis in extremely low gestational age neonates.

Methods

According to the Redline histopathological classification, extremely low gestational age neonates were classified into: (1) maternal inflammatory response ≤1 or ≥2, based on inflammatory findings of the placenta and (2) foetal inflammatory response ≤1 or ≥2, based on inflammatory findings of the umbilical cord. On admission and 12–36 h postnatally, procalcitonin and high‐sensitivity C‐reactive protein levels and white blood cell and neutrophil counts were compared. For both maternal and foetal inflammatory responses ≥2, the predictive value of each inflammatory marker was calculated.

Results

On admission, procalcitonin had the best predictive value for maternal and foetal inflammatory response ≥2. The maternal inflammatory response ≥2 prediction score includes procalcitonin level on admission, high‐sensitivity C‐reactive protein level and white blood cell count at 12–36 h postnatally. Foetal inflammatory response ≥2 prediction score includes procalcitonin level and white blood cell count on admission and 12–36 h postnatally. The sensitivities were 96.4% and 96.3%, respectively.

Conclusion

Procalcitonin, high‐sensitivity C‐reactive protein levels and white blood cell count provide highly sensitive prediction scores for chorioamnionitis and funisitis in extremely low gestational age neonates.
Effects of prolonged sitting and physical activity breaks on measures of arterial stiffness and cortisol in adolescents
Authors: Fernström Maria , Heiland Emerald G. , Kjellenberg Karin , Ponten Marjan , Tarassova Olga , Nyberg Gisela , Helgadottir Björg , Ekblom Maria M. , Ekblom Örjan
Published: February 2023

Aim

In adults, prolonged periods of sitting have been linked to acute negative effects on vascular structure and function. The aim of this study was to evaluate the acute effects of physical activity (PA) breaks during prolonged sitting on arterial stiffness, cortisol and psychological factors in adolescents.

Methods

Adolescents underwent different short (3‐min) breaks starting every 20 min, during 80 min of sitting on three separate days. Breaks were (A) social seated breaks (SOC), (B) low‐intensity simple resistance activity PA breaks (SRA) and (C) moderate‐intensity step‐up PA breaks (STEP). The arterial stiffness measures were augmentation index (AIx), AIx@75 and pulse wave velocity (PWV). Cortisol was measured from saliva. Psychological factors were self‐reported.

Results

Eleven girls and six boys (average age 13.6 ± 0.7 years) participated, with average baseline heart rates of 72 ± 11 bpm, systolic/diastolic blood pressure 111 ± 7/64 ± 6 mmHg and cortisol 10.9 ± 5.8 nmoL/L. PWV, cortisol and psychological factors did not change after any of the conditions. AIx@75 increased significantly (4.9 ± 8.7–9.2 ± 13.2) after the STEP intervention compared with SOC and SRA (time × condition p < 0.05).

Conclusion

Arterial stiffness increased after prolonged sitting with frequent, short step‐up activity breaks. The results indicate potential important intensity‐dependent effects of physical activity on vascular regulation in youth.
Circadian rhythms in auditory hallucinations and psychosis
Authors: Ngo Hong‐Viet V. , Oster Henrik , Andreou Christina , Obleser Jonas
Published: February 2023

Circadian rhythms are imprinted in all organisms and influence virtually all aspects of physiology and behavior in adaptation to the 24‐h day–night cycle. This recognition of a circadian timekeeping system permeating essentially all healthy functioning of body and mind quickly leads to the realization that, in turn, human ailments should be probed for the degree to which they are rooted in or marked by disruptions and dysregulations of circadian clock functions in the human body. In this review, we will focus on psychosis as a key mental illness and foremost one of its cardinal symptoms: auditory hallucinations. We will discuss recent empirical evidence and conceptual advances probing the potential role of circadian disruption in auditory hallucinations. Moreover, a dysbalance in excitation and inhibition within cortical networks, which in turn drive a disinhibition of dopaminergic signaling, will be highlighted as central physiological mechanism. Finally, we will propose two avenues for experimentally intervening on the circadian influences to potentially alleviate hallucinations in psychotic disorders.
Clinical outcomes of adapted hypofractionated radiotherapy for bladder cancer in elderly patients
Authors: Mignot Fabien , Fabiano Emmanuelle , Xylinas Evanguelos , Alati Aurélia , Méjean Arnaud , Masson‐Lecomte Alexandra , Hermieu Jean‐François , Desgrandchamps François , Hennequin Christophe , Durdux Catherine , Quéro Laurent
Published: February 2023

Objective

To investigate the feasibility, efficacy, and safety of trimodal therapy (TMT) using a bifractionated split‐course hypofractionated radiotherapy (RT) for non‐metastatic muscle‐invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) in elderly patients.

Patients and Methods

We retrospectively reviewed the characteristics and outcomes of patients aged >75 years with non‐metastatic MIBC suitable or not for radical cystectomy (RC) and treated with transurethral resection of bladder tumour followed by concomitant radio‐chemotherapy (platinum salt and 5‐fluorouracil) at two institutions (Saint Louis Hospital, Paris, France and European Georges Pompidou Hospital, Paris, France) between 1990 and 2021. RT consisted of an adapted bifractionated split‐course hypofractionated RT. Acute toxicities were reported according to Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events version 5.0 and late toxicities were reported according to the Radiation Therapy Oncology Group/European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer late radiation morbidity scoring schema. The primary end‐point was overall survival (OS). Secondary end‐points included other survivals outcomes and safety.

Results

A total of 122 patients were identified, with a median (range) follow‐up of 51.1 (0.5–210.8) months. In all, 83.5% of patients completed radio‐chemotherapy. The OS rate was 61.7% at 3 years and 51.2% at 5 years. In multivariate analysis, the completion of RT and concomitant chemotherapy were significantly associated with better OS and cancer‐specific survival. For patients fit for RC, a complete histological response was achieved for 77 patients (91.7%) with radio‐chemotherapy and the bladder conservation rate was 90.5%. Acute and late Grade ≥3 toxicities were <5%.

Conclusion

Bifractionated split‐course hypofractionated RT with concomitant chemotherapy regimen appears to be well‐tolerated and effective. Trimodal treatment seems to be a curative option for elderly patients unfit for radical surgery compared with palliative care and may contribute to improved survival in these patients.
Angiotensin deficient FVB/N mice are normotensive
Authors: Rodrigues André Felipe , Todiras Mihail , Qadri Fatimunnisa , Alenina Natalia , Bader Michael
Published: February 2023

Background and Purpose

All previous rodent models lacking the peptide hormone angiotensin II (Ang II) were hypotensive. A mixed background strain with global deletion of the angiotensinogen gene was backcrossed to the FVB/N background (Agt‐KO), a strain preferred for transgenic generation. Surprisingly, the resulting line turned out to be normotensive. Therefore, this study aimed to understand the unique blood pressure regulation of FVB/N mice without angiotensin peptides.

Experimental Approach

Acute and chronic recordings of blood pressure (BP) in freely‐moving adult mice were performed to establish baseline BP. The pressure responses to sympatholytic and sympathomimetic as well as a nitric oxide inhibitor and donor compounds were used to quantify the neurogenic tone and endothelial function. The role of the renal nerves on baseline BP maintenance was tested by renal denervation. Finally, further phenotyping was done by gene expression analysis, histology and measurement of metabolites in plasma, urine and tissues.

Key Results

Baseline BP in adult FVB/N Agt‐KO was unexpectedly unaltered. As compensatory mechanisms Agt‐KO presented an increased sympathetic nerve activity and reduced endothelial nitric oxide production. However, FVB/N Agt‐KO exhibited the renal morphological and physiological alterations previously found in mice lacking the production of Ang II including polyuria and hydronephrosis. The hypotensive effect of bilateral renal denervation was blunted in Agt‐KO compared to wildtype FVB/N mice.

Conclusion and Implications

We describe a germline Agt‐KO line that challenges all previous knowledge on BP regulation in mice with deletion of the classical RAS. This line may represent a model of drug‐resistant hypertension because it lacks hypotension.
State of the Art of Visual Analytics for eXplainable Deep Learning
Authors: La Rosa B. , Blasilli G. , Bourqui R. , Auber D. , Santucci G. , Capobianco R. , Bertini E. , Giot R. , Angelini M.
Published: February 2023

The use and creation of machine‐learning‐based solutions to solve problems or reduce their computational costs are becoming increasingly widespread in many domains. Deep Learning plays a large part in this growth. However, it has drawbacks such as a lack of explainability and behaving as a black‐box model. During the last few years, Visual Analytics has provided several proposals to cope with these drawbacks, supporting the emerging eXplainable Deep Learning field. This survey aims to (i) systematically report the contributions of Visual Analytics for eXplainable Deep Learning; (ii) spot gaps and challenges; (iii) serve as an anthology of visual analytical solutions ready to be exploited and put into operation by the Deep Learning community (architects, trainers and end users) and (iv) prove the degree of maturity, ease of integration and results for specific domains. The survey concludes by identifying future research challenges and bridging activities that are helpful to strengthen the role of Visual Analytics as effective support for eXplainable Deep Learning and to foster the adoption of Visual Analytics solutions in the eXplainable Deep Learning community. An interactive explorable version of this survey is available online athttps://aware‐diag‐sapienza.github.io/VA4XDL.
Altering patterns of sensorimotor network in patients with different pathological diagnoses and glioma‐related epilepsy under the latest glioma classification of the central nervous system
Authors: Fang Shengyu , Li Lianwang , Weng Shimeng , Guo Yuhao , Fan Xing , Jiang Tao , Wang Yinyan
Published: February 2023

Aims

We aimed to clarify the relationship between alterations in functional networks and glioma‐related epilepsy (GRE) in patients with different molecular diagnoses.

Methods

We enrolled 160 patients with prefrontal gliomas and different histories of GRE. The patients were grouped based on the latest pathological glioma classification and GRE history. Graph theory analysis was applied to reveal alterations in the sensorimotor networks among various subgroups. Binary logistic regression was used to identify risk factors for preoperative GRE onset.

Results

Decreasing shortest path length was found in patients with GRE, regardless of the chromosome 1p/19q status. Nodes located in the premotor and supplementary motor areas showed decreased nodal betweenness centrality and vulnerability in patients with GRE and chromosome 1p/19q intact. Additionally, the node on the primary motor area showed decreased nodal vulnerability but the node on the sensory‐related thalamus increased in patients with GRE and chromosome 1p/19q co‐deletion. Decreased shortest path length, grade 2, and decreased nodal betweenness centrality of the premotor area were risk factors for GRE.

Conclusion

Decreased shortest path length was a characteristic alteration in GRE and prefrontal glioma. Alterations in global properties were similar, but nodal properties were different in patients with GRE and different chromosome 1p/19q statuses.
Potential of artificial intelligence based on chest computed tomography to predict the nature of part‐solid nodules
Authors: Ke Xiaoting , Hu Weiyi , Su Xianyan , Huang Fang , Lai Qingquan
Published: February 2023

Background

The potential of artificial intelligence (AI) to predict the nature of part‐solid nodules based on chest computed tomography (CT) is still under exploration.

Objective

To determine the potential of AI to predict the nature of part‐solid nodules.

Methods

Two hundred twenty‐three patients diagnosed with part‐solid nodules (241) by chest CT were retrospectively collected that were divided into benign group (104) and malignant group (137). Intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) was used to assess the agreement in predicting malignancy, and the predictive effectiveness was compared between AI and senior radiologists. The parameters measured by AI and the size of solid components measured by senior radiologists were compared between two groups. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was chosen for calculating the Youden index of each quantitative parameter, which has statistical significance between two groups. Binary logistic regression performed on the significant indicators to suggest predictors of malignancy.

Results

AI was in moderate agreement with senior radiologists (ICC = 0.686). The sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of two groups were close (p > 0.05). The longest diameter, volume and mean CT attenuation value and the largest diameter of solid components between benign and malignant groups were different significantly (p < 0.001). Logistic regression analysis showed that the longest diameter and mean CT attenuation value and the largest diameter of solid components were indicators for malignant part‐solid nodules, the threshold of which were 9.45 mm, 425.0 HU and 3.45 mm, respectively.

Conclusion

Potential of quantitative parameter measured by AI to predict malignant part‐solid nodules can provide a certain value for the clinical management.
Do patient decision aids help people who are facing decisions about solid organ transplantation? A systematic review
Authors: Irish Georgina L. , Weightman Alison , Hersch Jolyn , Coates P. Toby , Clayton Philip A
Published: February 2023

Background

Decisions about solid organ transplantation are complex. Patient decision aids (PDAs) enhance traditional education, by improving knowledge and supporting patients to align their values with treatments. There are increasing numbers of transplantation PDAs, however, it is unclear whether these are effective. We conducted a systematic review of studies assessing the impact of PDA use in transplantation.

Methods

We searched the Cochrane Register of Controlled Trials, CINAHL, EMBASE, MEDLINE, and PsycINFO databases from database inception to October 26, 2020. We included primary studies of solid organ transplantation PDAs defined by the International Patient Decision Aids Standards. All comparators and reported outcomes were included. Mean difference in knowledge (before vs. after) was standardized on a 100‐point scale. Pooled‐effect for PDAs was calculated and compared to the standard of care for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and meta‐analyzed using random effects. Analysis of all other outcomes was limited due to heterogeneity (PROSPERO registration, CRD42020215940).

Results

Seven thousand four hundred and sixty‐three studies were screened, 163 underwent full‐text review, and 15 studies with 4278 participants were included. Nine studies were RCTs. Seven RCTs assessed knowledge; all demonstrated increased knowledge with PDA use (mean difference, 8.01;95%CI 4.69–11.34, p < .00001). There were many other outcomes, including behavior and acceptability, but these were too heterogenous and infrequently assessed for meaningful synthesis.

Conclusions

This review found that PDAs increase knowledge compared to standard education, though the effect size is small. PDAs are mostly considered acceptable; however, it is difficult to determine whether they improve other decision‐making components due to the limited evidence about non‐knowledge‐based outcomes.
Completeness analysis for over 3000 United States bee species identifies persistent data gap
Authors: Chesshire Paige R. , Fischer Erica E. , Dowdy Nicolas J. , Griswold Terry L. , Hughes Alice C. , Orr Michael C. , Ascher John S. , Guzman Laura M. , Hung Keng‐Lou James , Cobb Neil S. , McCabe Lindsie M.
Published: February 2023

Native bee species in the United States provide invaluable pollination services. Concerns about native bee declines are growing, and there are calls for a national monitoring program. Documenting species ranges at ecologically meaningful scales through coverage completeness analysis is a fundamental step to track bees from species to communities. It may take decades before all existing bee specimens are digitized, so projections are needed now to focus future research and management efforts. From 1.923 million records, we created range maps for nearly 88% (3158 species) of bee species in the contiguous United States, provided the first analysis of inventory completeness for digitized specimens of a major insect clade, and perhaps most important, estimated spatial completeness accounting for all known bee specimens in USA collections, including undigitized bee specimens. Completeness analyses were very low (3–37%) across four examined spatial resolutions when using the currently available bee specimen records. Adding a subset of observations from community science data sources did not significantly increase completeness, and adding a projected 4.7 million undigitized specimens increased completeness by only an additional 12–13%. Assessments of data, including projected specimen records, indicate persistent taxonomic and geographic deficiencies. In conjunction with expedited digitization, new inventories that integrate community science data with specimen‐based documentation will be required to close these gaps. A combined effort involving both strategic inventories and accelerated digitization campaigns is needed for a more complete understanding of USA bee distributions.
Global expansion of a solitary‐social tropical spitting spider shaped by multiple long‐distance dispersals
Authors: Luo Yufa , Li Shuqiang
Published: February 2023

The spitting spider Scytodes fusca is a species complex well known for its unusual hunting technique which involves spitting a venomous sticky silken substance over its prey. Previous studies supposed that S. fusca was native to Central and South America but had expanded to the tropics of almost every continent. We aimed to test the hypothesis of a Neotropical origin for this spider followed by a secondary dispersal to other regions, and to discuss how population expansion occurring in the tropics was driven. We investigated the population structure and spatiotemporal biogeography of the species complex through the culmination of 22 years of comprehensive global sampling using the mitochondrial and nuclear loci (COI, 16S, 18S, 28S, H3 and ITS2). The S. fusca species complex is divided into two clades. One clade comprises the haplotypes from Australasian regions and a haplotype from Baja Peninsula, Mexico. The other is composed of the haplotypes from all analyzed regions including Asia, Australia, the Americas and Madagascar. Populations from the Americas and Madagascar exhibit a lower genetic diversity compared with the Australasian population, and both have different population demographic histories. The initial divergence within the species complex started during the early Miocene. Diversifications of both clades occurred during the late Miocene. One haplotype was recently and widely dispersed into Southeast Asia, South Asia, Australia, the Americas and Madagascar. Our results elucidate the history of the global spread of the S. fusca species complex, suggesting a Malay Archipelago origin, two expansion routes and its multiple dispersals into the Americas. These stem from a common native source population, as well as from Australia, Fiji, French Polynesia or Turks and Caicos bridgeheads. Our data support the view that the expansion of the S. fusca species complex from Australasia to America and Madagascar was facilitated by long‐distance jump dispersal events.
Intentional replantation and management of avulsion related ankylosis and external cervical resorption. A 10‐year follow up case report
Authors: Kotsanos Ioannis N. , Tzika Eleftheria , Economides Nikolaos , Kotsanos Nikolaos
Published: February 2023

Replantation is the treatment of choice for avulsed permanent teeth; ankylosis and cervical root resorption are among survival complications. A 9.5‐year‐old boy presented with an avulsed maxillary permanent central incisor with an open root apex following a school accident. The tooth was kept in milk, after a dry time of 15–20 min. Its replantation was performed 60 min after the accident. At 8 months, apexification with apical plug was attempted upon radiographic evidence of apical periodontitis. Ankylosis sound with infraocclusion and radiographic evidence of external cervical root resorption (ECR) were evident at 3 years and 3 months. At the patient's return one year later with esthetic concerns (2 mm infraocclusion) there was a 5 mm diameter ECR cavity. After intentional atraumatic extraction the resorptive cavity was debrided and restored with Biodentine; subsequently the tooth was reimplanted and splinted at an extruded position. At the 10‐year follow up since the first avulsion the tooth remains esthetically pleasing, asymptomatic, non‐ankylotic and functional. The present case supports intentional replantation as an option in managing infraoccluded teeth with advanced ECR.
Comorbidities and predictors of health‐related quality of life in Dravet syndrome: A 10‐year, prospective follow‐up study
Authors: Makiello Phoebe , Feng Tony , Dunwoody Benjamin , Steckler Felix , Symonds Joseph , Zuberi Sameer M. , Dorris Liam , Brunklaus Andreas
Published: February 2023

Objective

Dravet syndrome (DS) is a severe developmental and epileptic encephalopathy, leading to reduced health‐related quality of life (HRQOL). Prospective outcome data on HRQOL are sparse, and this study investigated long‐term predictors of HRQOL in DS.

Methods

One hundred thirteen families of SCN1A‐positive patients with DS, who were recruited as part of our 2010 study were contacted at 10‐year follow‐up, of which 68 (60%) responded. The mortality was 5.8%. Detailed clinical and demographic information was available for each patient. HRQOL was evaluated with two epilepsy‐specific instruments, the Impact of Pediatric Epilepsy Scale (IPES) and the Epilepsy & Learning Disabilities Quality of Life Questionnaire (ELDQOL); a generic HRQOL instrument, the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory (PedsQL); and a behavioral screening tool, the Strength and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ).

Results

Twenty‐eight patients were 10–15 years of age (0–5 years at baseline) and 40 were ≥16 years of age (≥6 years at baseline). Patients 0‐ to 5–years‐old at baseline showed a significant decline in mean scores on the PedsQL total score (p = .004), physical score (p < .001), cognitive score (p = .011), social score (p = .003), and eating score (p = .030) at follow‐up. On multivariate regression, lower baseline and follow‐up HRQOL for the whole cohort were associated with worse epilepsy severity and a high SDQ total score (R2 = 33% and 18%, respectively). In the younger patient group, younger age at first seizure and increased severity of epilepsy were associated with a lower baseline HRQOL (R2 = 35%). In the older age group, worse epilepsy severity (F = 6.40, p = .016, R2 = 14%) and the use of sodium‐channel blockers were independently associated with a lower HRQOL at 10‐year follow‐up (F = 4.13, p = .05, R2 = 8%).

Significance

This 10‐year, prospective follow‐up study highlights the significant HRQOL‐associated cognitive, social, and physical decline particularly affecting younger patients with DS. Sodium channel blocker use appears to negatively impact long‐term HRQOL, highlighting the importance of early diagnosis and disease‐specific management in DS.
18F‐SynVesT‐1 positron emission tomography in a hypothalamic hamartoma with abnormal uptake
Authors: Xiao Ling , Zhou Ming , Tang Yongxiang , Hu Shuo
Published: February 2023

Hypothalamic hamartomas (HHs) are uncommon benign lesions of neuronal and glial cells in the inferior hypothalamus. They have been linked to epilepsy, premature puberty, and cognitive and behavioral impairment. We report a 13‐year‐old patient who was referred to a multidisciplinary treatment team for epilepsy with 6 months of convulsive seizures. Sustained seizure control was not achieved despite the use of multiple antiepileptic agents. He had been plagued by unexplained paroxysmal bursts of laughter for >11 years. Video‐electroencephalography showed diffuse epileptic discharges prominent in the right hemisphere in both interictal and ictal phases. Magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated an isointense gray matter mass on the right lateral walls of the third ventricle, with focal hypometabolism on 18F‐fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (PET). The patient subsequently was enrolled in a clinical trial of 18F‐SynVesT‐1 PET in epilepsy, and an increased 18F‐SynVesT‐1 uptake was noted in the mass. After excluding hormonal abnormalities, the patient underwent open resection targeting HHs. We used 18F‐SynVesT‐1 as a specific PET tracer for synaptic vesicle glycoprotein 2A, which is ubiquitously expressed in brain synapses. 18F‐SynVesT‐1 PET may hold promise as a supplementary tool in the presurgical localization and evaluation of HHs.
Clinical utility of exome sequencing in a pediatric epilepsy cohort
Authors: Graifman Jordana L. , Lippa Natalie C. , Mulhern Maureen S. , Bergner Amanda L. , Sands Tristan T.
Published: February 2023

Objective

Exome sequencing (ES) has played an important role in the identification of causative variants for individuals with epilepsy and has proven to be a valuable diagnostic tool. Less is known about its clinical utility once a diagnosis is received. This study systematically reviewed the impact of ES results on clinical decision‐making and patient care in a pediatric epilepsy cohort at a tertiary care medical center.

Methods

Pediatric patients with unexplained epilepsy were referred by their neurologist, and informed consent was obtained through an institutional review board–approved research ES protocol. For patients who received a genetic diagnosis, a retrospective chart review was completed of the probands and their relatives' medical records prior to and after genetic diagnosis. The following outcomes were explored: provider management recommendations, changes in care actually implemented, and anticipatory guidance provided regarding the proband's condition.

Results

Fifty‐three probands met the inclusion criteria. Genetic diagnosis led to at least one provider recommendation in 41.5% families (22/53). Recommendations were observed in the following categories: medication, screening for non‐neurological comorbidities/referrals to specialists, referrals to clinical research/trials, and cascade testing. Anticipatory guidance including information about molecular diagnosis, prognosis, and relevant foundations/advocacy groups was also observed.

Significance

Results demonstrate the clinical utility of ES for individuals with epilepsy across multiple aspects of patient care, including anti‐seizure medication (ASM) selection; screening for non‐neurological comorbidities and referrals to appropriate medical specialists; referral to reproductive genetic counseling; and access to research, information, and support resources. To our knowledge, this is the first study to evaluate the clinical utility of ES for a pediatric epilepsy cohort with broad epilepsy phenotypes. This work supports the implementation of ES as part of clinical care in this population.
Intensive mothering and informational habitus: Interplays in virtual communities
Authors: Vivion Maryline , Malo Benjamin
Published: February 2023

Objective

This study aimed to explore how virtual communities of mothers shape the informational habitus in the context of the intensive mothering ideology.

Background

Mothers' involvement and dedication are perceived as essential to children's development. Some mothers join virtual communities for health information to ensure that they are doing the best for their child.

Method

An online ethnography in three virtual communities of mothers was conducted, in addition to individual interviews with 16 mothers of young children (18 months and below).

Results

Mothers use virtual communities for emotional and informational support. Experiential knowledge and referenced information are highly valuable. Furthermore, mothers are reflexive and choose what information they integrate based on their educational capital and their personal skills. Finally, choice appeared to be the practical operator of the informational habitus.

Conclusion

Our results suggest that the sense of belonging developed in virtual communities shapes a new informational habitus based on the importance of being an informed mother.

Implications

Mothers want to make the best possible decisions for their child's health. To do so, they deploy reflexive practices to process information. This suggests that other than their physicians, they also trust an important array of sources of information.
Linking internalizing and externalizing problems to warmth and negativity in observed dyadic parent–offspring communication
Authors: Kullberg Marie‐Louise J. , Buisman Renate S. M. , van Schie Charlotte C. , Pittner Katharina , Tollenaar Marieke , van den Berg Lisa J. M. , Alink Lenneke R. A. , Bakermans‐Kranenburg Marian J. , Elzinga Bernet M.
Published: February 2023

Objective

This study examined the relative associations of mothers'/fathers' and offspring's internalizing and externalizing problems with parent‐to‐offspring and offspring‐to‐parent warmth and negativity.

Background

Psychological conditions of family members may be related to intrafamilial social interactions. Particularly, internalizing and externalizing problems may affect the quality of parent–offspring communication.

Method

In this study, fathers (N = 94), mothers (N = 125) and their offspring (N = 224, age rangeoffspring = 7.5–65.5 years) from 137 nuclear families participated in a behavioral conflict interaction task during which expressed warmth and negativity were observed. Associations between parents' and offspring's psychological problems (of the past 6 months) and parent‐to‐offspring and offspring‐to‐parent communication were tested simultaneously using structural equation models separated for fathers and mothers. Based on prior findings in the study sample, our analyses were controlled for history of childhood abuse.

Results

Offspring's internalizing problems were related to less negativity toward their father, whereas offspring's externalizing problems were related to more negativity toward their father and to receiving less warmth from their mother. Father's externalizing problems were linked to more negativity toward offspring. No associations were found between maternal and paternal internalizing problems and dyadic parent–offspring interactions, nor for maternal externalizing problems.

Conclusion

Findings support that psychological conditions of one family member have an impact on their social interactions within the family.

Implications

Supporting families with interventions to improve parent–offspring interactions and (early) treatment of externalizing problems is recommended.
Using authentic doctor–patient consultations in improving communication skills
Authors: Yeh Meng , Hsu Wei‐li
Published: February 2023

The Challenge

There is an increasing interest in using authentic doctor–patient consultations as teaching materials for courses of languages for medical purposes. However, what is the effect of the instruction? How does the instruction adopt authentic consultations advance students' interpersonal communicative competence in medical settings? This paper aims to answer these questions.
Towards efficient N cycling in intensive maize: role of cover crops and application methods of digestate liquid fraction
Authors: Capra Federico , Abalos Diego , Maris Stefania Codruta , Ardenti Federico , Lommi Michela , Tabaglio Vincenzo , Fiorini Andrea
Published: February 2023

Digestate, a by‐product of biogas production, is widely recognized as a promising renewable nitrogen (N) source with high potential to replace synthetic fertilizers. Yet, inefficient digestate use can lead to pollutant N losses as ammonia (NH3) volatilization, nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions and nitrate () leaching. Cover crops (CCs) may reduce some of these losses and recycle the N back into the soil after incorporation, but the effect on the N balance depends on the CC species. In a one‐year field study, we tested two application methods (i.e., surface broadcasting, BDC; and shallow injection, INJ) of the liquid fraction of separated co‐digested cattle slurry (digestate liquid fraction [DLF]), combined with different winter cover crop (CC) options (i.e., rye, white mustard or bare fallow), as starter fertilizer for maize. Later, side‐dressing with urea was required to fulfil maize N‐requirements. We tested treatment effects on yield, N‐uptake, N‐use efficiency parameters, and N‐losses in the form of N2O emissions and leaching. CC development and biomass production were strongly affected by their contrasting frost tolerance, with spring‐regrowth for rye, while mustard was winter killed. After the CCs, injection of DLF increased N2O emissions significantly compared with BDC (emission factor of 2.69% vs. 1.66%). Nitrous oxide emissions accounted for a small part (11%–13%) of the overall yield‐scaled N losses (0.46–0.97 kg N Mg grain−1). The adoption of CCs reduced fall leaching, being 51% and 64% lower for mustard and rye than under bare soil. In addition, rye reduced leaching during spring and summer after termination by promoting N immobilization, thus leading to −57% lower annual leaching losses compared with mustard. DLF application method modified N‐loss pathways, but not the cumulative yield‐scaled N losses. Overall, these insights contribute to inform an evidence‐based design of cropping systems in which nutrients are recycled more efficiently.
Cost‐effectiveness of a ‘Housing First’ programme implemented in Spain: An evaluation based on a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Martínez‐Cantos José‐Luis , Martín‐Fernández Juan‐Ángel
Published: February 2023

In the last decades, Housing First model has become a feasible alternative to the traditional “staircase” systems in caring for the most vulnerable homeless people. The analysis that we present in this work is referred to Hábitat, a pioneering HF programme in Spain, which has been evaluated attending to both costs and outcomes. A randomised controlled trial was carried out and the collected data was explored through a Cost‐Effectiveness Analysis (CEA), including the estimation of Incremental Cost‐Effectiveness Ratios (ICER) and acceptability thresholds of the programme's spending. The results highlight the capacity of the programme to significantly improve the participants' life satisfaction levels, reduce the number of homeless nights, and increase the rate of institutional coverage. Even though the programme involves significant short‐term expenditure on accommodation, positive effects in net terms are demonstrated supporting the usefulness and viability of HF model.