bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effectiveness of Coping Strategy Training For Behavioural Modification among School Going Heart Defect Children after Surgery
Authors: Mridula. C. Jobson  , Dr. R. Subhashini
Published: May 2021

The Congenital heart disease  -CHD has come to be regarded as a chronic rather than terminal disease owing to dramatic advances in its medico surgical management paving the emerging recognition of behavior problem in children  Thus, it is salient for healthcare providers to help children with CHD increase their resilience by using effective coping strategies. In the process of growing, middle child hood experience stress so called unexplainable emotion reflecting in behavior modification and the improvement outcomes depends upon on how they cope. It is noteworthy that persistent over stress will impair students’ academic achievement, interpersonal and intra personal development. This preliminary study is meant to obtain the effectiveness of coping strategies training among middle school children who have undergone heart defect surgery rejoining school after a break due to hospitalization. The objective is to examine the comparison between coping strategies trained (CST) CHD and coping strategy untrained (CSUT) CHD children. An experimental study involved 20 surgically operated CHD middle school children. The samples selected using simple randomized sampling which was divided into 2 groups ExperimentalGroup1 CST, ControlGroup2: Control group CSUT. A validated Coping Strategies Inventory (CSI) by Davidl. Tobin’s 72-itemQuestionnaire was used to assess coping thoughts and behaviors in response to a specific stressor .Highly significant coping skill was found in group1 who underwent CST .The CST trained children showed a positive approach towards their phase of life after complicated heart surgery.
Role of Stress on Women’s Health: Causes and Prevention
Authors: Razia Saleem  , Shamsul Siddiqui
Published: May 2021

In recent years, stress has been the focus of intense research attention. Stress is a misfit between the demands of the environment and the individual’s abilities; the imbalance may be corrected, according to the situation, either by adjusting external demands to fit the individual or by strengthening the individual’s ability to cope or both. Everyone is exposed to stress, and a great number of people have experienced the traces of stress. Women are socialized to be the caretakers of others. More women than men have both a career outside the home and continue to try to juggle traditional responsibilities after hours. It has often been shown that women are the worriers and often do not make time to manage their health and take care of themselves. Stress is on the rise for women as they struggle to find a balance between their homes and careers. The recession has caused a greater need for women to work outside of the home to support their families. Health is a general condition of the body or mind with reference to soundness and vigor; it will be reflected by good or poor health. A poor health affects our mind, as a stressed life affects our health. The struggle that women confront each days trying to achieve the standards of being a daughter, women, wife, mother, house, and/ or career keeper puts us in a vulnerable position of presenting stress effects that may affect our health. And there are some preventive measures to cope with stress such as meditation, yoga, quality time etc.
Aged People’s Tolerance Level and Loneliness
Authors: Mst. Sabiha Sultana  , Biplob Kumar Dey  , Abdur Rahman  , Md. Humayun Hossein
Published: May 2021

The present study attempted an empirical investigation to explore the tolerance level and loneliness of aged people as a function of age, living area and present living status. The sample of the study consisted of 120 aged people of whom 60 people were 60-69 years old in (30 urban and 30 rural) and remaining 60 people were agevd above 70 (30 urban and 30 rural). Each group again consisted of 15 living with their son/grandson and 15 living without their son/grandson. A Bengali version of tolerance level scale developed by Mark (2007) and an adapted Bengali version (Praveen, 2007) of loneliness scale were used. Data were analyzed by mean, standard deviation, t-test and Pearson Product Moment correlation. The findings of the present study showed that there is no significant difference of tolerance level or loneliness according to age. Urban people have more tolerance level and also less loneliness than rural people. Those Aged people live with their son/grandson is less lonely than the people live without their son/grandson. There is no difference in tolerance level between them. Results also showed that tolerance level was negatively correlated with loneliness.
Evaluate the Effectiveness of ECT in Borderline Personality Disorder Resistant To Treatment
Authors: Mohammad hasan Baniasad  , Zahra Zolfaghari  , Hosein payandan  , Nasim Sadeghi  , Jaber Davoodi  , Seyedeh Samera Hoseini
Published: May 2021

Aim: It’s different fields of borderline personality disorder and is associated with characteristics of turbulence and emotions of anxiety, anger, depression and risky behaviors such as self-injury and drug abuse. Hospitalization for ECT provides an opportunity to begin treatment, change of previous therapy or management of the crisis. Electroconvulsive therapy is the most effective psychiatric treatment that in this study investigated its effectiveness in patients with borderline personality disorder resistant to treatment. Method: The method of this study was Case Series which were selected by available sampling, samples of 10 patients with borderline personality disorder were resistant to treatment and were assessed by using of check list Frequency of behavior- researcher made-. Results: The finding yielded that criteria of sadness, anxiety and restlessness and feeling of absurdity, in evaluation was performed by families to examine the possible changes, after ECT therapy decreased compared to baseline. As well as after ECT therapy verbal and nonverbal expression of affection criterion represents an increase compared to baseline. Conclusions: According to the findings Electroconvulsive therapy can affect on mood symptoms associated in patients borderline.
Parental Involvement and Achievement of Secondary School Students
Authors: Dr. K. Vijayalakshmi  , K. Muniappan
Published: May 2021

Education of the children and their achievement is a strong building block in building a stronger and healthier community. The prosperity of the nation depends upon the today’s children and their academic achievement. The role of parental involvement in children’s education and their achievement has become a central issue in educational policy and research. This study was aimed at finding out the relationship between parental involvement and achievement of secondary school students   in social science. Methods and Materials: A cross sectional, descriptive- correlational research design was adopted for conducting this study at selected schools of Tenkasi district, Tamil Nadu. The sample size of the study was 200 students consisting of 110 boys and 90 girls studying IX standard. Purposive sampling technique was adopted to select the settings and students. The tools used for the study were proforma to collect background characteristics of the students, 59 items-five-point rating scale on Parental involvement   and 25 items MCQ Questions with four options on Achievement test in Social science. The data was collected using the predetermined and pretested tools through self-administration method. Results: Study findings revealed that parental involvement of the students was average in the majority of the students (62%). Achievement of students in social studies was also found to be average in more than half of the students (57%). There was a significant positive correlation between parental involvement and achievement of secondary school students (r=0.910, p <0.001).  Conclusion: Parental involvement in children’s educational activities has direct impact on their academic achievement. Therefore, parents must be encouraged by the psychologists, mental health professionals and teachers to actively participate in their children’s wide range of academic activities to bring the best outcome.
Effect of Experiential Learning on Self-Esteem, Resilience and Tolerance for Disagreement
Authors: Ms. Milli Baby
Published: May 2021

This paper attempts to explore the role of experiential learning in groups on the participants Self-esteem, Resilience and Tolerance for disagreement. Sample consisted of undergraduate students (N=41) from a seminary located in Nagpur. The Pre-test result showed that over all, initial participant’s responses fell within the normal ranges for self-esteem, resilience and tolerance for disagreement. Paired t test were computed for (N=41) who completed both the pre-test and post-test. These comparisons show a significant increase in means of self esteem, resilience and tolerance for disagreement scores. This increase indicates the importance of team-building workshop having recreation activities, games and exercises.
The Booming Social Media and Increasing Perceptual Loneliness: The Scientific Co-Relational Study
Authors: Dr. Prashant G. Sonawanen  , Dr. Karuna S. Wankhade
Published: May 2021

Day by day the world is coming closer and closer, and the communication is becoming super quick than ever, just at the finger tips of a person. And social media played an important role in it, where you can communicate with the group at a time whenever and wherever you wish so. This has done marvelous change in the communication of people and it proved great asset, but at the same time it is creating a sort of virtual and superficial bonds in the relations which are not able to give the feel of connectedness in a true sense. Many of the studies that are done shows that, the social mediums which are opening communication on the broad platform, but at the same time creating the loneliness feeling deep within and which is increasing day by day.

So the present study attempts to understand the co-relation between these two issues scientifically. Present study is done with the help of standardized perceptual Loneliness scale by Dr. Praveen Kumar Zha, and a Non-standardized scale for measuring the extent of the use of social media constructed by researcher. Samples are the individuals from adolescent to adult age group, of various professions, who are using the social media in significant and variable ratio. Result of the study concluded that there is positive correlation in both these variables. Implications and suggestions for the study are highlighted.  Suggestions for further study are offered.
Educational Status of Women in Jammu and Kashmir with Special Reference to Rural Areas
Authors: Showkat Ahmad Bhat  , Aashaq Hussain Bhat  , Dr. P. Chinnathurai
Published: May 2021

In India, though much emphasis is being laid on the gender equality in terms of education, yet discrimination in access to education does exist. There is a rural and urban divide in access to education for women. In Jammu and Kashmir too, female literacy rate is quite low and stands at 58.01 percent. The rural female literacy rate in J&K is 53.36 percent to 70.19 percent for urban females which earlier in the Census of 2001 was 36.7% at rural and 61.9% at the urban level, respectively. Also, there is a large gap in the male and female literacy levels in this border state. The present study examines the issues of education for empowering women in the rural areas of Jammu and Kashmir and seeks to address the challenges towards education of rural women in Jammu and Kashmir.
A Study of Depression among Elderly As Affected By Their Gender and Residential Locale: Age Developmental Analysis
Authors: Dr. Dev Ashish  , Prof Aradhana Shukla
Published: May 2021

The overall depressive disorders occurrence rate in elderly people is estimated to be between 10% – 20% based on their cultural background, by the World Health Organization (Rangaswamy Sm (ed), 2001 & Wig NN.2001).

There have been mental health studies done in India based on the community, which show the occurrence rate of depressive disorders among elderly people is between 10% – 25%. (Nandi DN, Ajamany S, Ganguli H, Banerjee G, Boral GC, Ghosh A, et al. 1976., Ramachandran V, Menon sarada M, Arunagiri S. 1982).

There have been various studies showing that elderly people have higher rate of having psychological problems, depression being then most common in geriatric psychiatric disorders. The elderly people living in India experience variety of psychological, social, and physical health problems. As mentioned earlier about depression being most common among geriatric psychiatric disorders, it is due to many depressive factors such as life events that affect psychological status of a person. Also with the growing age, the chances of functional loss and morbidity increase as well. Sir James Sterling had said that you do not heal the old age, you protect it, you promote it, and you extend it. In the world of Seneca it has been said that old age is an incurable disease. These are the basic principles that preventive medicine follows. There would be 2 per 1000 patients in the country needing the psychiatric institutional treatment estimated by the Bhore Committee (Report of Health Survey and Development Committee, New Delhi: Govt. of India, 1946).
Perceived Parenting Styles and Personality Factors – A Study
Authors: Savitha K  , Venkatachalam J
Published: May 2021

The present study is aimed to assess the relation between Perceived Parenting Style and Personality Factors among Post Graduate students. Random sampling technique was used to collect the data and the sample of the study includes 185(91 male and 94 female) post graduate students.  The data was collected through questionnaire method by using the Parenting Style Questionnaire (Gafoor&Kurukkan,2014) and Big Five Personality Factor (Mc Crae& Costa, 1991).Mean, Standard Deviation, Pearson Correlation, and t-tests were used to analyze the data and found partial relationship between Perceived Parenting Style and Personality factors; no significant difference between male and female in their personality factors; and significant difference in Perceived Parenting style of Father and Mother.
Burden among Caregivers of Persons with Dementia
Authors: B. G. Anantharamu  , Dr. A. Thirumoorthy  , Dr. M. Senthil
Published: May 2021

Caring for a person who has dementia is not an easy task and requires a lot of understanding and patience and it impose a lot of burden on caregivers. So this study was carried out to see the level of burden experienced by caregivers of patients with dementia. The sample comprised of 50 Caregivers of persons with dementia. The data collected from NIMHANS Geriatric Clinic. The patients who fulfilled the inclusion and exclusion criteria were identified using simple random sampling. The following tools were used for the current study: Socio-demographic data sheet and family burden interview schedule. The result found that caregivers of patients with dementia experienced mild to moderate level of burden especially in the areas of financial burden, disruption of family activities, and disruption of family life.
Psychological Well-Being among University Students: A Comparative Study
Authors: Dr Zulfiqar Ullah Siddiqui  , Prof. Mohd Ilyas Khan
Published: May 2021

Discovering new constructs in the field of psychological health, positive psychology has been successful to introduce new resistance resources for coping with the stressful events, especially at universities students. Positive psychology, as a modern approach, emphasizes on perception and interpretation of happiness and well-being and prediction of the factors related to them as well. Psychological well-being is a multi-dimensional concept; optimism, self-control, happiness, sense of interests, free of failures, anxiety and loneliness has been considered as the special aspects of well-being (Sinha & Verma, 1992). Mc Culloch (1991) shows that positive mood, positive emotions and social support play basic role in constructing psychological well-being.
Emotional Stability among Annamalai University Students
Authors: Mohammad Amin Wani
Published: May 2021

The cardinal object of the present study was to find the level of emotional stability among Annamalai University students in Tamil Nadu. The sample of present study consists of 300  students divided in two equal groups 150 boys and 150 girl students in each group 75 students was from general category and 75 was from SC category. The data was collected with the help of emotional stability test developed by A. S. Gupta and A.K. Singh. Results revealed that there is no significant difference found between mean scores of emotional stability of boys and girls also the mean scores of emotional stability of students belongs to General and SC category. Further findings also suggested that boys are more emotionally stable than girl’s also general category students are more emotionally stable the SC category students.
Building Capacity to Improve Child Cognitive Skills: A Case Study
Authors: Pooja Verma  , Dr. Pubalin Das
Published: May 2021

The term capacity building has been utilized as a part of strategies and process which can enhance cognitive skills. Apart from capacity building, this study investigated the role of cognitive technique to improve child outcomes through thinking strategies. The childhood years are critical for human development.  It is the time when the brain develops most rapidly and a large number of children’s development take place and it is estimated that over 200 million children under 5 years of age are unable to attain their full developmental potential. Studies suggest that young children are quite limited in their knowledge about cognitive phenomena—or in their Meta cognition—and do relatively little monitoring of their own memory, comprehension, and other cognitive enterprises.

The participant in the present study is from the nuclear family. As per the parents and teacher’s remark the child thinking process was below average. After doing the assessment the intervention was to develop standard procedure of thinking strategy areas that were assigned to 1 of 4 areas: Memory (e.g., measures associative memory through five item),Concept development (e.g., it included object concept and relational concepts), Reasoning (entail insight and using deductive  and inductive logic), problem solving (it is related to arithmetic or quantitative situation). The treatment was evaluated by assessing the child again and qualitatively by means of interview with child, parents and teacher .The results shows that increase in the children’s cognitive skills through different thinking strategies.
Parenting Style as a Key on the Asian Economic Community and Demography Surplus 2020
Authors: Wilda Fasim Hasibuan  , Bekti Ekowati  , Wilda Fasim Hasibuan
Published: May 2021

Batam is a town city which is called ASEAN gate. Many companies have grown here what makes this city is busy all the time. Environment could influence society activities which increases life necessities. Elderly concepts had gone when father is head of family earn much money to give all the needs of his family. Nowadays, mother must assist her husband to raise family income. Changes of family pattern makes parenting style must be adapted. Miss understanding about parenting style raised of childhood and adolescent problem. It will be influence for demography surplus 2020. Main idea of this research is to develop exclusive parenting style that is relevant to implicate in borderline, busy city, surplus demography challenges and ASEAN economic community. Method of this research is narrative qualitative approach which collecting data used in-depth interview, non-participant observation, and document. Data analyses used triangulation, reduce and display. Subject of this research is one exclusive family when their parent worked more than eight hours nevertheless their children also have high achievement and motivation in the school. Summary of this research such as: they could not use one pattern of parenting style, parenting style could be adjust to new condition, parent collaboration must be balance when father must be as a mother in certain condition, analysis of demography of Riau Island related to individual and community behaviour, mixed parenting styles in the same case, and how to create independent’s children.
Influencing Factors of Social Anxiety and Emotional Maturity among Adolescents
Authors: Dr. S Gayatridevi  , Ms. Anu Vincent
Published: May 2021

The current study deals with the emotional maturity and social anxiety among adolescents. One hundred and seventy subjects (Boys = 90, Girls = 80) from GRD College of Arts and Science, Coimbatore, were selected for the study. The Psychological Tests such as Case Study Schedule (Gayatridevi and Anu), Emotional Maturity Scale (Hemalatha) and Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale (Michael R. Liebowitz) were administered to the subjects. The data was analyzed by using SPSS + PC package for t –test was computed. The results revealed that adolescent girls experienced more social anxiety than boys (M = 66.46). Gender and family size had no significant effect on emotional maturity. There was no significant relationship found between the emotional maturity and social anxiety.
Perception of Fathers Rejection in Adolescents
Authors: Dr. Sanjeev Kumar
Published: May 2021

The emotional immaturity of parents generates feeling of rejection. Another factor that adversely affects the perception of fathers rejection in adolescents, is marital adjustment of parents. The present study was undertaken to find out the effects and interaction among emotional maturity, marital adjustment of parents and sex of adolescents on the perception of fathers rejection in adolescents. Emotional maturity and marital adjustment of parents are evaluated through Emotional Maturity Scale developed by Dr. Y. Singh & Dr. M. Bhargava and Comprehensive marital Adjustment Inventory developed by Prof. O. P. Mishra respectively. Parents-Child relationship Scale developed by Dr. Nalini Rao was used to measure rejecting experience of adolescents. 2x2x2 ANOVA was used to compute results. Results shows that emotional maturity and marital adjustment of the parents and Sex of adolescents strongly influence the rejecting perception of adolescents.
A Psycho – Analytical Study of Attitude towards Dowry among College Boys and Girls
Authors: Dr. Latika Varma  , Ankita Kumari
Published: May 2021

Dowry is a kind of gift which is given by bride’s family in the form of durable goods, cash and movable-immovable property to her husband and his family on the occasion of marriage. According to : vacabulary.com – “ In some cultures, the bride or her family pays a certain amount of money or property to the groom when a couple is married. This payment is called dowry”. Britannica.com (2015) – “Dowry is the money, goods or estate that a woman brings to her husband or his family in marriage”.

Harbilas sarda – “The money which is given by parents to bride-groom is called gift, but when it crosses its certain limit is called dowry”. Dowry system is continuing since ancient time in all over the world specially in India. This is a very serious problem for us. Dowry Death is seen. Instead of a happy married life, they choose death. This is the main cause of female infanticide and domestic violence. Radhika R.H. (2011) – “An Autopsy study of socio-etiological aspects in dowry death cases” unnatural deaths of married women amongst the total female deaths have been an increasing trend in Indian Society during the recent past year which may be suicide, homicide or even accidents”.
The Role of Educator & Parents in Management of Academic & Examination Stress of Student’s
Authors: Arun Kumar  , Dr. Punam Midha
Published: May 2021

Present day society is highly competitive. Everyone strives for power, prestige and possession to excel over one’s own fellow being. This competitive process obviously poses many challenges for the society and the susceptible individuals by causing anxiety, stress and tension. In the age of globalization, everyone is facing the stress either, it is child, student, adolescence, adult or old aged person. It is a broad problem of today’s society. Hence present topic is  related to handle & management  the academic as well as  exam  related  stress of  performing  well  in exams  of  students through the role  performing  by  the educator and parents.
Delayed presentation of a traumatic scalp arteriovenous fistula
Authors: Ordaz Josue D. , Villelli Nicolas W. , Bohsntedt Bradley N. , Ackerman Laurie L.
Published: May 2021

Background:

Arteriovenous (AV) fistulas of the scalp are extracranial vascular malformations commonly caused by trauma and typically present within 3 years. Although they follow a benign course, they can be esthetically displeasing.

Case Description:

We present an atypical onset of scalp AV fistula in a patient with a 1-year history of the left-sided pulsatile tinnitus and scalp swelling 7 years after a traumatic epidural hematoma evacuation. Our patient was found to have an 8 mm AV fistula supplied by the deep temporal artery. Endovascular embolization was performed using eight coils. There was no complication from the procedure, and the patient’s pulsatile tinnitus and swelling resolved immediately after embolization. Follow-up angiogram demonstrated complete obliteration of the AV fistula.

Conclusion:

Delayed presentation of traumatic scalp AV fistula is very rare, and it is important to keep this in the differential in patients with scalp swelling after head trauma.
Mitigating the adverse effects of NaCl salinity on pod yield and ionic attributes of okra plants by silicon and gibberellic acid application
Authors: Ayub Qasim , Masaud Khan Shah , Hussain Ijaz , Gurmani Ali Raza , Naveed Khalid , Mehmood Abid , Ali Shujaat , Ahmad Touqeer , ul Haq Naveed , Hussain Ahmad
Published: May 2021

The current study was undertaken to evaluate the responses of okra to salinity and to study the beneficial effects of silicon and gibberellic acid on yield and ionic attributes of okra under salinity stress. For this purpose, a pot experiment was conducted at the Horticultural Farm of the Department of Horticulture, The University of Haripur, Pakistan. Seeds of the okra cultivar ‘Sabz Pari’ were sown in pots. The experiment was established in a complete randomized design with factorial layout and included a total of 14 treatments deriving from the combination of two factors: two salinity levels and seven treatments with silicon or gibberellic acid. Okra seeds were pretreated with either 0, 50, 75 or 100 mg/L of gibberellic acid and then planted into pots. After germination plants were subjected to 0 mmol (control) or 50 mmol salinity; silicon (in the form of potassium silicate) was applied to plants exogenously at the rate of 2 mmol, 3 mmol, or 4 mmol. The following parameters were measured: number of days to flowering, pod length, pod weight, number of pods per plant and pod yield per plant, and the contents of Na+, Cl-, K+, and proline in the leaves. The results revealed that under 50 mmol NaCl salinity okra plants treated with 100 mg/L of GA3 had the shortest time to flowering (48.3 days) and the lowest Na+ ion content (14.9 mg/L) and Cl- ion content (9.8 mg/L), while in these plants we measured an increased pod weight (18.9 g), pod length (14.6 cm), number of pod per plant (22.6), pod yield per plant (1225 g), K+ ion and proline contents (18.9 mg/g and 28.8 μmol/g, respectively). Hence, this study allowed to conclude that the highest salinity level reduced the yield and altered the ionic status of okra plants, whereas GA3 and Si lowered the toxic effects of salinity and 100 mg/L GA3 along with 4 mmol silicon can be used in order to reduce salinity toxic effects
Elucidating Pt-Based Nanocomposite Catalysts for the Oxygen Reduction Reaction in Rotating Disk Electrode and Gas Diffusion Electrode Measurements
Authors: Du Jia , Quinson Jonathan , Zana Alessandro , Arenz Matthias
Published: May 2021

In the present study we compare different nanoparticle (NP) composites (nanocomposites) as potential electrocatalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). The nanocomposites consist of a mixture of Pt and Ir NPs and Pt and Au NPs, respectively, that are immobilized onto a high surface area carbon support. Pt NPs supported on the same carbon support serve as benchmark. The performance testing was performed in a conventional rotating disk electrode (RDE) setup as well as in a recently introduced gas diffusion electrode (GDE) setup providing high mass transport conditions. The ORR activity is determined, and the degradation tested using accelerated degradation tests (ADTs). It is shown that with respect to the benchmark, the Pt – Au nanocomposite concept exhibits improved ORR activity as well as improved stability both in the RDE and the GDE measurements. By comparison, the Pt – Ir nanocomposite exhibits improved stability but lower ORR activity. Combining the GDE approach with small angle X-ray scattering, it is shown that the improved stability of the Pt – Au nanocomposite can be assigned to a reduced Pt particle growth due to the adjacent Au NPs. The results demonstrate that nanocomposites could be an alternative catalyst design strategy complementing the state-of-the-art alloying concepts.
Chemical Modulation of Local Transition Metal Environment Enables Reversible Oxygen Redox in Mn-Based Layered Cathodes
Authors: Rahman Muhammad Mominur , McGuigan Scott , Li Shaofeng , Gao Lina , Hou Dong , Yang Zhijie , Xu Zhengrui , Sun Cheng-Jun , Liu Jue , Huang Xiaojing , Xiao Xianghui , Chu Yong , Sainio Sami , Nordlund Dennis , Kong Xueqian , Liu Yijin , Lin Feng
Published: May 2021

Oxygen redox plays a prominent role in enhancing the energy density of Mn-based layered cathodes. However, understanding the factors affecting the reversibility of oxygen redox is nontrivial due to the complicated concurrent structural and chemical transformations. Herein, we show that local Mn‒O symmetry induced structural and chemical evolutions majorly dictate the reversibility of oxygen redox of NaxLiyMn1-yO2 in Na cells. We find that NaxLi­yMn1-yO2 with Jahn-Teller distorted MnO6 octahedra undergoes severe Mn dissolution during cycling, which destabilizes the transition metal layer resulting in poor Li retention and irreversible oxygen redox. Jahn-Teller distortion of MnO6 octahedra can be suppressed by modulating the local charge of Mn and Mn‒O distance through Mg/Ti dual doping. This leads to reduced Mn dissolution resulting in more reversible oxygen redox. Such stabilization significantly improves the electrochemical performance of Mg/Ti dual doped NaxLiyMn1-yO2. Through this work, we show that promoting reversible oxygen redox can benefit from structural stabilization at local length scale, and that modifying the chemical environment through doping chemistry is an efficient strategy to promote local structural stability and thus, oxygen redox.
Breaking Isolation to Form New Networks: pH-Triggered Changes in Connectivity Inside Lipid Nanoparticles
Authors: Xu Zexi , Seddon John M. , Beales Paul , Rappolt Michael , Tyler Arwen
Published: May 2021

There is a growing demand to develop smart nanomaterials that are structure-responsive as they have the potential to offer enhanced dose, temporal and spatial control of compounds and chemical processes. The naturally occurring pH gradients found throughout the body make pH an attractive stimulus for guiding the response of a nanocarrier to specific locations or (sub)cellular compartments in the body. Here we have engineered highly sensitive lyotropic liquid crystalline nanoparticles that reversibly respond to changes in pH by altering the connectivity within their structure at physiological temperatures. At pH 7.4, the nanoparticles have an internal structure consisting of discontinuous inverse micellar ‘aqueous pockets’ based on space group Fd3m. When the pH is ≤6, the nanoparticles change from a compartmentalized to an accessible porous internal structure based on a 2D inverse hexagonal phase (plane group p6mm). We validate the internal symmetry of the nanoparticles using Small Angle X-ray Scattering and cryogenic Transmission Electron Microscopy. The high resolution electron microscopy images obtained have allowed us for the first time to directly visualize the internal structure of the Fd3m nanoparticles and resolve the two different-sized inverse micelles that make up the structural motif within the Fd3m unit cell, which upon structural analysis reveal excellent agreement with theoretical geometrical models.
Impact of CEO, Director and Executive compensation on the Firm Performance with Moderating Effect of Research & Development
Authors: Rehman Saad ur , Rehman Khalil ur , Maqbool Adnan , Hussain Shahid
Published: May 2021

Purpose: The aim of this article is to investigate the relationship between the CEO, Director and executives’ compensation on firm performance. Moreover research and development as moderator check the relation of R&D over firm performance and CEO, directors, executives’ compensation in an emerging Pakistan market.

Design/Methodology/Approach: This research uses the GSEM approach for the problem of abnormality and homoscedastic arise the sample data collected from PSE 100 index non-financial list over the era of 2014-2019.The data collection sample from 75 non-financial firm and final sample consisted on 69 firm 6 organization exclude due to unavailability of data.

Findings: This study provide the evidence that CEOs, Director, executives’ compensation have a significant relation with firm performance while, R&D show that insignificant relation with CEO/directors and Executives compensation perhaps R&D show significant relation with firm performance.

Implications/Originality/Value: This research contributed the firm with their better remuneration to the executive; CEO and director have better financial performance. Meanwhile research and development also play pivotal role toward firm performance due to their innovative idea and technique. In future other Asian countries included in the sample set like India and also some variable like CSR, Firm age, top executive education and tenure for showing the better significant results.
Optimization of the parameters of a laser induced breakdown spectrometer (LIBS) using probabilistic-deterministic design of experiment
Authors: Fomin V. N. , Aldabergenova S. K. , Rustembekov K. T. , Omarov K. B. , Rozhkovoy I. E. , Dik A. V. , Saulebekov D. M.
Published: May 2021

A method for optimizing the settings of a LIBS device aimed at achieving the maximum intensity of analytical lines of the analyte of constant composition is considered using probabilistic-deterministic design of experiments (PDDE). A mixture of Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, and Ni oxides homogenized and diluted by fusion with a lead-phosphate mixture is used as an analyte. It is shown that data of mathematical processing of 25 spectra by the PDDE method can be used to develop mathematical models which relate the line intensity with the energy of the laser pumping lamp, the lag time of the first and second Q-switches, the time delay of the exposure onset, and the total exposure time. The use of the geometric mean and mathematical model in the form of the product of the partial dependences leads to a good correlation between the calculated and experimental values of the intensity for all the considered spectral lines. The simulation results presented for 16 analytical lines of Cr, Mn, Co, and Ni illustrate the applicability of the method under consideration. The experimentally achieved maximum intensities of analytical lines in the matrix of lead-phosphate glass differ from those calculated using the obtained models by 7 – 12 %. There is a linear correlation between the experimental and calculated values of the intensity at R2 = 0.99 and an inclination angle close to 45°. The spectra recorded during the experiment can be used for optimization of other parameters, e.g., the signal-to-noise ratio. The simplicity of calculations and relatively small number of tests in the optimization experiment make the PDDE a promising method for optimizing the LIBS parameters.
Features of nonlinear in-plane shear deformation of a unidirectional and orthogonally reinforced polymer sheets of composite materials
Authors: Polovyi A. O. , Matiushevski N. V. , Lisachenko N. G.
Published: May 2021

A comparative analysis of typical stress-strain diagrams obtained for in-plain shear of the 25 unidirectional and cross-ply reinforced polymer matrix composites under quasi-static loading was carried out. Three of them were tested in the framework of this study, and the experimental data on other materials were taken from the literature. The analysis of the generalized shear-strength curves showed that most of the tested materials exhibit the similar deformation pattern depending on their initial shear modulus: a linear section is observed at the beginning of loading, whereas further increase of the load decreases the slope of the curve reaching the minimum in the failure point. For the three parameters (end point the linear part, maximum reduced deviation of the diagram, tangent shear modulus at the failure point) characterizing the individual features of the presented stress-strain diagrams, approximating their dependences on the value of the reduced initial shear modulus are obtained. At the characteristic points of the deformation diagrams, boundary conditions are determined that can be used to find the parameters of the approximating functions. A condition is proposed for determination of the end point of the linear section on the experimental stress-strain curve, according to which the maximum deviation between the experimental and calculated (according to Hooke’s law) values of the shear stress in this section is no more than 1%, thus ensuring rather high accuracy of approximation on the linear section of the diagram. The results of this study are recommended to use when developing universal and relatively simple in structure approximating functions that take into account the characteristic properties of the experimental curves of deformation of polymer composite materials under in-plane shear of the sheet. The minimum set of experimental data is required to determine the parameters of these functions.
Ruthenium-based PACT compounds based on an N,S non-toxic ligand: a delicate balance between photoactivation and thermal stability
Authors: Cuello-Garibo Jordi-Amat , James Catriona C. , Siegler Maxime A. , Bonnet Sylvestre
Published: May 2021

In photoactivated chemotherapy, the photocleavable protecting group that prevents the bioactive compound from interacting with biomolecules in the dark is sometimes cytotoxic, which makes interpretation of phototoxicity challenging. For ruthenium polypyridyl complexes new, non-toxic protecting ligands that prevent a toxic metal complex from binding to biomolecules in the dark, but that can be efficiently photosubstituted upon visible light irradiation to recover the high toxicity of the metal complex, are necessary. In this work, we report on the synthesis, stereochemical characterization and cytotoxicity of a series of polypyridyl complexes; [Ru(bpy)2(mtpa)](PF6)2 ([1](PF6)2, bpy = 2,2’-bipyridine), [Ru(bpy)(dmbpy)(mtpa)](PF6)2 ([2](PF6)2, dmbpy = 6,6’-dimethyl-2,2’-bipyridine), and [Ru(dmbpy)2(mtpa)](PF6)2 ([3](PF6)2) based on the non-toxic 3-(methylthio)propylamine protecting ligand (mtpa). The number of methyl groups had a crucial effect on the photochemistry and cytotoxicity of these complexes. The non-strained complex [1]2+ was not capable of fully releasing mtpa and was not phototoxic in lung cancer cells (A549). In the most strained complex [3]2+, thermal stability was lost, leading to poor photoactivation in vitro and a generally high toxicity also without light activation. The heteroleptic complex [2]2+ with intermediate strain showed, upon blue light irradiation, efficient mtpa photosubstitution and increased cytotoxicity in cancer cells, but photosubstitution was not selective. Overall, fine-tuning of the lipophilicity and steric strain of ruthenium complexes appears as an efficient method to obtain phototoxic ruthenium-based photoactivated chemotherapeutic prodrugs, at the cost of synthetic simplicity and photosubstitution selectivity.
2006 TEMMUZ SAVAŞI, 2011 SURİYE KRİZİ VE 2019 PROTESTOLARI PERSPEKTİFİNDEN HİZBULLAH’IN LÜBNAN’DAKİ ROLÜ
Authors: BULUT Mevlüt , BULUT Seher
Published: May 2021

Lübnan, Ekim 2019 tarihinde bazı toplumsal başkaldırılara tanıklık etmiştir. Yaşanan protestolar hükümetin vergi gelirlerini artırmak amacıyla tütün ürünlerine, petrole ve WhatsApp aramalarına uygulanan vergi düzenlemesi ile başlamıştır. Gösteriler sürecinde ortaya konulan öfke, halkın siyasi karar alma mekanizmalarındaki aktörlere karşı olan güvenin giderek azaldığına işaret etmiştir. Fakat diğer taraftan bu durumun siyasi karar alma mekanizmalarında yer alan her aktör için aynı olduğunu söylemek güçtür. Buradan hareketle Lübnan’da protestocuların, siyaset içerisinde gücünü giderek artıran Hizbullah’ın yaşanan gelişmelerdeki rolünü nasıl değerlendirdiklerini ortaya koyan çalışma ayrıca bu rolün ortaya çıkmasında 2006 Temmuz Savaşı’ndan başlayarak 2011 Suriye Krizi ile Hizbullah’ın elde ettiği sosyal, politik ve askeri durumun belirleyici olduğunu iddia etmektedir.
SURİYE VE LİBYA’DA MEYDANA GELEN ÇATIŞMALARIN VEKÂLET SAVAŞI TEORİSİ KAPSAMINDA KARŞILAŞTIRILMASI
Authors: GÖK Ali
Published: May 2021

Savaşların tek aktörünün devlet olmadığı fikrinden hareketle, devlet dışı aktörlerin savaşlardaki rolünü belirleme arayışında olan vekâlet savaşları, savaşların sonucunu etkilemek isteyen üçüncü tarafların, başka aktörler vasıtasıyla çatışmaya dolaylı olarak girmesi olarak ifade edilmektedir. Bu tanım doğrultusunda birden fazla vekil aktör, silah, eğitim ve finansman kanalı ile çeşitli politik amaçlar doğrultusunda asil aktörler (vekil aktöre sponsor olan devlet) tarafından desteklendiğinden Arap baharı sonrası Suriye ve Libya’da meydana gelen çatışmaların doğası ve karakteri vekâlet savaşının çıkarımlarına uymaktadır. Ancak bu çatışmalar her ne kadar asil aktörlerin, vekil olarak hareket eden aktörlere verdikleri destek üzerinden, vekâlet savaşları olarak kavramsallaştırılsa da kendi içlerinde işleyiş bakımından farklılıkları bulunmaktadır. Bu çalışmada, Arap baharı sonrası Suriye ve Libya’da meydana gelen çatışmalar üzerinden söz konusu farklılıklar ortaya konmakla birlikte hangi saiklerle devletlerin ve devlet dışı aktörlerin vekâlet savaşlarına müdahil oldukları ve asil-vekil ilişkilerinin ardındaki farklı stratejik etkileşimlerin kuramsal olarak nasıl açıklanabileceği sorularına cevap aranmıştır. Söz konusu çatışmalar arasındaki farklılıklar nitel araştırma yöntemi ve karşılaştırmalı vaka analizi kullanılarak ele alınmıştır. İki vaka arasında karşılaştırma yapılırken değişken olarak aktörlerin amaçları ve bu amaçlar doğrultusunda kurdukları bağının boyutları (asil-vekil ilişkisinin türü) esas alınmış olup, bu yöntemle vekâlet savaşlarının hem kurulan bağ hem de amaç bakımından tek yönlü olmadığı, bunun yerine kendi içerisinde karşılıklı ve farklı boyutlara sahip olduğu ortaya konmaya çalışılmıştır.
E-book limitation with library portable document format java script for accessing digital library
Authors: Agustian Harliyus , Nugraha Agung
Published: May 2021

The function of the Adisutjipto-Aerospace Institute of Technology (ITDA) library is to provide borrowing and reimbursement services for books insured by members of the library. The books which increase in number each year occupy a lot of space in the library, it is therefore necessary to study it so that the form of this book is no longer physical but digital or paperless to be able to be stored on a server computer. This form of library is known as a digital library or e-library. The electronic library is a modern library as a place which provides a source of educational information with more convenience and security. The flow in the application is not very different from the flow in the manual library. Security becomes an important part of an application, by limiting network access, accessing PDF documents and implementing PDF Viewer using the PDF.js library by rendering PDF documents on a canvas capable of blocking illegal downloads. Based on the test results, the electronic library application can work properly. The speed of opening a PDF document is influenced by the speed of the server, the content contained in the PDF and the size of the PDF file.
Akademik Kadrolar Açısından Norm Kadro Uygulamalarına Genel Bir Bakış
Authors: TAHTALIOĞLU Hava
Published: May 2021

Kamu personel sistemlerinde nicel ve nitel yeterliliğe sahip personelin istihdamını sağlamak adına norm kadro uygulamaları dikkat çekmektedir. Ayrıca kamusal hizmetlerin etkin ve verimli sunulması, kamusal kaynakların yerinde kullanımı açısından özellikle personel istihdamında norm kadro uygulamalarının gerekliliği yadsınamaz. Ancak Türkiye’de kamusal alanlarda norm kadro uygulamaları personel çeşitliliğinden dolayı hem istihdam boyutunda hem de terfi standartlarında çeşitli sorunları beraberinde getirmektedir.

Çalışmanın amacı, kamu personel sisteminde özel kanun hükümlerine tabi olan akademik personelin istihdam ve terfileri açısından norm kadro uygulamalarının ortaya çıkardığı/çıkarabileceği çeşitli sorunlara dikkat çekmektir. Bu kapsamda öncelikle Türkiye'deki kamusal istihdam türü içinde akademik personelin yeri tespit edilmektedir. Akabinde norm kadro uygulamalarının gelişimi ve akademik alanda 2018 yılında yayımlanan “Devlet Yükseköğretim Kurumlarında Öğretim Elemanı Norm Kadrolarının Belirlenmesine ve Kullanılmasına İlişkin Yönetmelik” irdelenmiştir. Ek olarak literatüre yansıyan eserlerde norm kadro sistemine yönelik gözlemlenen sonuçlar dile getirilmiştir. Sonuç olarak akademik personel açısından norm kadro uygulamalarının istihdam ve özellikle terfide ciddi sorunlara neden olacağı çıkarımında bulunulmuştur.
Polymetallic Nodules Resource Estimation in the Suoi Thau-Sang Than Area, northeastern Vietnam
Authors: THE HUNG Khuong , NHU SANG Pham , PHUONG Nguyen , TIEN DUNG Nguyen , HOANG BAC Bui , QUOC PHI Nguyen , VIET SANG Bui
Published: May 2021

1,720 chemical, mineral, and petrography samples in the Suoi Thau-Sang Than area, northeastern Vietnam were collected to investigate polymetallic nodules resource. The similarity-analogy in ore geology, direct calculation method for metallization parameters, and mineral resource estimation based on cutoff grade change methods are employed to estimate polymetallic nodules resource from the Suoi Thau, Sang Than, and Ban Kep areas in northeastern Vietnam. The similarity-analogy in ore geology indicates 1,785,000 tons Cu, 12,005,000 tons Pb+Zn, and 195 kg Au in total. The direct calculation method for metallization parameters shows 2,060,000 tons Cu, 13,648,000 tons Pb+Zn, and 224 kg Au in total. These methods display that the Sang Than area contains mainly polymetallic nodules in the studied area. Following the mineral resource estimation based on cutoff grade changes, estimation results indicate potential Pb-Zn nodules resource in the Ban Kep and Cu nodules resource in the Sang Than, while no potential Au nodules resource in the Suoi Thau and the Sang Than as well as the Ban Kep. The estimation results obtained from mineral resource estimation based on cutoff grade changes are suitable with the results from the traditional geometric block methods. Our study suggests that the Sang Than area can be considered as a potential Cu nodules resource, and the Ban Kep area is potential Pb-Zn nodules resource in northeastern Vietnam for future exploitation, while there is no potential polymetallic nodules resource in the Suoi Thau area. Furthermore, the one resource estimation based on cutoff grade changes method displays an overview of the prospect on polymetallic nodules resources, indicating that this method can serve as a basis for the proposed selection of the prospective areas for effective Cu, Pb-Zn, and Au mineral exploration in the Suoi Thau-Sang Than area, northeastern Vietnam.