bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Plan d’améliorations communautaires : Comment assurer la réussite?
Authors: Carrière Vanessa
Published: May 2019

Dans cette recherche, il sera expliqué comment le gouvernement municipal peut assurer une implantation réussie de son Plan d’améliorations communautaires (PAC) pour ainsi attirer plus d’entreprises, de résidents et de touristes. Compléter la littérature d’un projet est une étape de franchie, par contre si les mesures d’implantation ne sont pas suivies, il sera impossible d’assurer sa réussite. Depuis janvier 2016, la municipalité de Russell offre le programme, par contre des améliorations doivent être apportées pour assurer une mise en œuvre plus efficace. Les étapes essentielles étant la promotion, l’observation, l’exécution et la révision seront détaillées par l’entremise d’études antérieures et d’études de cas réelles. Selon le Plan stratégique de développement économique 2014-2016 de la municipalité de Russell, l’un des objectifs pour soutenir la croissance de la communauté est de « promouvoir l’attrait de la population par le biais d’un développement urbain bien planifié, en phase avec les stratégies de Prescott-Russell pour fonder un lieu d’une qualité exceptionnelle » (Municipalité de Russell, 2015). Une mise en œuvre du Plan d’améliorations communautaires fondée sur les éléments essentiels à la réussite viendra certainement améliorer une communauté pour le meilleur.Mots-clés : Plan d’améliorations communautaires, programme incitatif, municipalité, développement économique
Small Business and Social Enterprise: To Thrive Not Fail
Authors: Barton Tina
Published: May 2019

Small businesses (those with up to 99 employees) are the most common business type in Canada – comprising 97.9 per cent of businesses, and contributing close to one-third of Canada’s gross domestic product (GDP). Yet a significant number of these businesses fail, with only about 50 per cent lasting at least five years, according to Industry Canada. Social enterprises – businesses that provide valuable products or services while delivering social and sometime environmental returns – struggle even more than small businesses to attract finance, grow, and sustain. What are the similarities and differences between these two groups’ needs, and how can Canada’s three levels of government and the broader business ecosystem better support small businesses and social enterprises to thrive? This paper takes a comprehensive look at key business needs, barriers to success, enabling factors, and policy incentives, drawing upon academic literature, studies and reports from the government, non-profit, and social enterprise sectors, as well as recommendations from business advocacy groups primarily from Canada and the United States. 

Keywords: Small business, social enterprise, business financing, business growth, business ecosystem, procurement policy
Saving Small Business: The Urgent Need for Improved Business Succession Planning and how Immigrant Entrepreneurs can Help
Authors: Wayland Sarah V.
Published: May 2019

Small business is the backbone of the Canadian economy, yet fewer than half of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in Canada currently have a succession plan in place. As such, many of these businesses could be at risk of closure, potentially reducing the wealth of the business owners in question and depriving communities of needed goods and services. This paper explores the possibility of business succession matching programs, with a focus on immigrants as potential purchasers of businesses. Immigrants are more likely to own a business than their Canadian-born counterparts, and a succession matching program could enable them to access established businesses, mentoring, and even creative financing to enhance their own chances of success as well as preserving desirable firms. The research is based on a review of existing literature, case studies and several interviews which identify an urgent need and potential solutions. 

Keywords: succession planning, small enterprise, immigration, immigrant entrepreneurs
Newborn Infant With Mothball Toxicity Due to Maternal Ingestion
Authors: Sahni Mitali , Vibert Yanick , Bhandari Vineet , Menkiti Ogechukwu
Published: May 2019

Naphthalene poisoning due to exposure to mothballs is a common cause of toxicity in children worldwide. Naphthalene toxicity is known to cause hemolytic anemia, methemoglobinemia, and hepatic and renal injury. Neonates are more susceptible to the effects of oxidative stress from naphthalene because of their low glutathione stores and immaturity of hepatic enzymes. However, there are no reported cases of chronic fetal exposure to naphthalene during pregnancy. We report a novel case of chronic fetal exposure to naphthalene-containing mothballs that occurred from the second trimester through the third trimester of pregnancy. Our patient presented with hyperbilirubinemia, requiring exchange transfusion, severe hemolytic anemia, pulmonary hypertension, respiratory failure, and renal failure and progressed to develop “bronze baby” syndrome. Pregnant mothers should be diligently screened for such exposures and if found should receive psychiatric evaluation and counseling to prevent such devastating effects in neonates.
Stable Angina Medical Therapy Management Guidelines: A Critical Review of Guidelines from the European Society of Cardiology and National Institute for Health and Care Excellence
Authors: Rousan Talla A , Thadani Udho
Published: May 2019

Most patients with stable angina can be managed with lifestyle changes, especially smoking cessation and regular exercise, along with taking antianginal drugs. Randomised controlled trials show that antianginal drugs are equally effective and none of them reduced mortality or the risk of MI, yet guidelines prefer the use of beta-blockers and calcium channel blockers as a first-line treatment. The European Society of Cardiology guidelines for the management of stable coronary artery disease provide classes of recommendation with levels of evidence that are well defined. The National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) guidelines for the management of stable angina provide guidelines based on cost and effectiveness using the terms first-line and second-line therapy. Both guidelines recommend using low-dose aspirin and statins as disease-modifying agents. The aim of this article is to critically appraise the guidelines’ pharmacological recommendations for managing patients with stable angina.
Cardiovascular Imaging and Theranostics in Cardiovascular Pharmacotherapy
Authors: Cattaneo Mattia , Froio Alberto , Gallino Augusto
Published: May 2019

Imaging plays a pivotal role in the diagnostic and prognostic assessment of cardiovascular diseases. During the past two decades, there has been an expansion of the available imaging techniques, some of which are now part of routine clinical practice. Cardiovascular imaging of atherosclerosis is a useful instrument, and it can corroborate and expand pathophysiological evidence on cardiovascular disease, providing proof of concept for medical therapy and can predict its responsiveness, and it may be able to be used as surrogate endpoints for clinical trials. Theranostics is an emerging therapy that combines imaging and therapeutic functions, using imaging-based therapeutic delivery systems. Theranostics could partially overcome current imaging limitations and translate experimental evidence and large-scale trials assessing clinical endpoints, rationalising cardiovascular drug development and paving the way to personalised medicine. The medical community cannot overlook the use of cardiovascular imaging as a complementary and supportive adjunct to trials investigating clinical endpoints, which remain the mainstay for investigating the efficacy and safety of cardiovascular pharmacotherapy.
Table of contents
Authors: - -
Published: May 2019

Volume 24, Number 3S1 (2014)
Editorial
Authors: Da Historiografia História
Published: May 2019

Editorial N. 28
Protein Purification ( Column Cromotography) v1
Authors: Uysalcan Sevval , Yamur Akbiyik Rengin
Published: May 2019

It is very difficult to purify a desired protein from a cell and tissue in a pure state. If the concentration of this protein is low, it is necessary to select the purification techniques appropriate for this protein to separate it from thousands of different proteins and to obtain it in pure form. The methods used in the purification of proteins are quite advanced. Today, many enzymes and non-enzyme proteins have been isolated in pure and crystalline form. To study the amino acid composition and sequence, molecular weight, and other physical properties of a protein, it is first necessary to purify the protein. In order to isolate proteins from a group of tissues and cells, there are certain procedures that should be done first. In the first stage, the tissue or cell group where the protein we want to work at most is selected. The tissue and cells are homogenized by using buffer solutions to keep the protein we are interested in. The cell membrane and the nucleus membrane must be broken down. This homogenate is then subjected to centrifugation at certain rates to remove cell particles. The resulting protein mixture is then removed in the supernatant state to purify the proteins in pure form using one or more of the purification methods.
Calibration Protocol - Particle Standard Curve with Microspheres v1
Authors: Tennant Richard , Rutten Paul
Published: May 2019

You will prepare a dilution series of monodisperse silica microspheres and measure the Abs600 in your plate reader. The size and optical characteristics of these microspheres are similar to cells, and there is a known amount of particles per volume. This measurement will allow you to construct a standard curve of particle concentration which can be used to convert 600 nm absorbance measurements into an estimated equivalent number of cells.
Öğrenci Gözüyle Özel Bir Hastanedeki Hastaların Düşme Riski ve Hemşirelik Önlemleri
Authors: KARAASLAN Ebru , TUNA Arzu , SOYLU Ayşe
Published: May 2019

Amaç :Bu araştırma  ile  hastaların
İtaki Düşme Riski ölçeğine göre düşme risklerini belirlemek  ve alınan önlemleri  saptamak amaçlandı.

Gereç ve Yöntem: Araştırma
nın örneklemini özel bir hastanede yatan 196 hasta oluşturdu.  Veriler İtaki Düşme Riski Ölçeği ile
toplandı. Alınan önlemler hastaların düşme riskine yönelik oluşturulan anket
ile klinik hemşireleriyle bire bir görüşme yapılarak belirlendi. Düşme riskine
yönelik çevreyi değerlendirme formunda klinik ortamdaki ışıklandırma, hemşire
çağrı butonu, tutunma bariyerleri, zeminin yapısı incelendi. Toplanan verilerin
istatistik analizi SPSS programında yapıldı ve sayı, yüzde olarak verildi.

Bulgular: Araştırma ya
katılan hastaların yaş ortalaması 59.36 (+15.37) olduğu saptandı. Minör
risk faktörlerinde alınan en yüksek puan 8, majör risk faktörlerinden alınan en
yüksek puan 25, genel toplamda alınan en yüksek puan ise 32 olarak tespit edildi.
Hemşirelerin hastaların düşme riskini belirlediği ve kişiye özgü önlemler
aldığı saptandı. 

Sonuç: Düşme riskine sahip
hastaların oranının yüksek olduğu tespit edildi. Bu oranı en çok etkileyen
faktörler ise kullanılan riskli ilaçlar, kullanılan ekipmanlar, kronik
hastalıklar olarak saptandı ve hemşirelerin düşme riskine yönelik klinik
önlemler aldığı belirlendi.
YÖNETİŞİM VE EKONOMİK PERFORMANS BAĞLAMINDA OECD ÜLKELERİNİN KONUMLARI
Authors: GÜZEL Simla , MURAT Dilek
Published: May 2019

Son yıllarda
başarılı yönetişimin ekonomik performansa etkisi tartışmaların odak noktası haline
gelmiştir. Yönetişimin ekonomik büyüme ve gelişme üzerindeki rolünün önemli
olduğu düşünülmektedir. Bu çalışmada OECD ülkelerinin, yönetişim değişkenleri
ve bazı makroekonomik değişkenler açısından kümelenmeleri amaçlanmaktadır. Bu
sayede söz konusu ülkelerin birbirlerine göre konumlarının yanı sıra Türkiye
ile olan konumları da belirlenmiştir. Otuz beş OECD üyesi ülkenin ele alındığı
araştırmada kümeleme analizi kullanılarak yedi değişkene ilişkin derlenen 2016
yılı verileri analiz edilmiştir. Analiz sonuçlarına göre;  bu ülkeler üç farklı kümede gruplanmış ve
Türkiye’nin Meksika ile aynı küme altında toplandığı tespit edilmiştir.
İSPANYA’DA BÖLGELİ DEVLETİN TARİHSEL GELİŞİMİ, YASAL DÜZENİ VE SİYASAL YAPILANIŞI
Authors: KONURALP Emrah
Published: May 2019

Bu makalede İspanya’ya özgü ulusaltı bütünleşme anlamında bir bölgeselleşme modeli olan özerk topluluklar sisteminin tarihsel arkaplanı, yasal çerçevesi ve siyasal bağlamı analiz edilmektedir. Bask milliyetçiliğine özel önem verilerek ele alınan bölgecilik, son dönemde Katalonya’da cereyan eden bağımsızlıkçı harekete gönderme yapılarak tartışılmaktadır. Ayrıca Avrupa Birliği’nin çeşitli belgelerde öne sürdüğü bölgesel özerk yönetimlerin İspanya’daki bölgesel demokrasinin gelişimine katkı yaptığı belirtilmektedir. İspanya’daki bölgeselleşme, 2017 yılında İspanya’nın Katalonya bölgesinde ortaya çıkan bağımsızlık referandumu tartışması nedeniyle güncelliğini koruduğu için önemlidir. Üniter devlet düzeyi içinde bölgeli devlet modelinin tarihsel milliyetler/bölgeler açısından (Bask Ülkesi’nde daha zayıf olmakla birlikte) İspanya ile bütünleşmeyi pekiştirdiği ve ayrılıkçılık hareketlerinin etkisini kırabildiği; ancak son dönemde yükselişe geçen Katalan milliyetçiliğinin bu bütünleşmeyi tartışmalı hale getirdiği sonucuna varılmıştır.
Tıp Eğitiminde Farklı Bir Yaklaşım: Seramikle Düşlemeler
Authors: MUTLU Hikmet Serdar , KANAT Sevtap
Published: May 2019

Plastik ve görsel iletişim sanatlarından biri olan
seramiğin, tasarım ilke ve elemanları açısından; kavram, fikir, metin gibi
sözel unsurları yüzeysel ve üç boyutlu betimleyen, yorumlayan ve birçok alanda
olduğu gibi tıp eğitiminde de kullanıldığı görülmektedir. Seramik sanatı;
eğitim, sanat disiplinleri, bilim, teknoloji ve kimya biliminin bir araya
gelerek oluşturduğu disiplinler arası bir alandır. Bu nedenle, sağlık alnındaki
teorik bilgi ve deneyimleri görselliğe ve üç boyuta dönüştürerek anlaşılabilir
ve kavranabilir bir hale getirilmesinde seramik eğitimi önemli ve etkili bir
rol üstlenmektedir. Tıp eğitiminde bilginin yüzeysel ve üçboyutlu
görselleştirilerek iletilmesinde sanatın geleneksel yöntemlerinin kullanılması
yanında, günümüzün teknolojik olanaklarıyla daha da zenginleşen ifade
yöntemleri seramiğe olan ilgiyi artmıştır. Bu ilgi, çağdaş eğitim ve sanat eğitimi
anlayışında bilgi aktarımı ile birlikte kişiye beceri kazandırmayı,
yeteneklerini bilim ve tekniği kullanarak geliştirmeyi, düşünsel, sanatsal ve
kültürel alanda yeni ürünler ortaya çıkarabilen birey ve toplumlara ulaşmayı
amaç edinme şeklinde görülmektedir. Tıp öğrencilerinin aldıkları seramik
eğitimi, diğer sanat disiplinleri ile verilmekte, estetik, psiko motor
becerileri ve yaratıcı düşünme süreçlerine katkı sağladığı yazarların daha
önceki çalışmalarında ortaya çıkarılmıştır. Bu çalışmada, İnönü Üniversitesi
Tıp Fakültesi Dönem I ve II öğrencilerinin ilk kez aldıkları seramik eğitimi
dersine devam eden öğrencilerden 12 kadın ve 10 erkek öğrencinin çalışmaları
arasında random yöntemiyle yedi öğrencinin çalışmaları seçilmiştir. Buna göre,
seramik çalışmaları yapım teknikleri, biçim, süsleme, renk özellikleri ve
anlatım dili açısından, plastik sanatlar analiz yöntemi ve kendilerini ifade
edebilmeleri açısından incelenmiş ve değerlendirilmiştir. Seramik eğitimi
sonunda üç uzman tarafından hazırlanan nitel anket tıp öğrencilerine uygulanmış
ve bulgular tablo halinde sunularak okumaları gerçekleştirilmiştir. Buna göre,
tıp öğrencilerinin seramik eğitiminde kazandıkları farklı beceriler ilerde
seçecekleri uzmanlık alanlarını belirlemede etkili olabileceği görüşlerine de
yer verilmiştir.
REVIEW:Mobile Technologies and Augmented Reality in Open Education
Authors: KILINC Hakan
Published: May 2019

Augmented reality is an interactive technology that makes it possible to combine virtual and reality, and to see this combination in the same environment, rather than creating a completely virtual world. Although the ideas on augmented reality has an historical background, its technological development is relatively new. We see that augmented reality applications have been developed in the recent years for wearable technologies and especially for mobile technologies rather than for desktop/laptop computers. Strengthening of mobile technologies with various sensors and hardware and ease of producing mobile application software have led to rapid widespread use of mobile devices in all segments of society. With such spread of mobile technologies, augmented reality applications are downloaded and used by everyone and such applications are even developed without any need to advanced software knowledge.
The development of the concept of beneficial owner in the tax law of the Russian Federation
Authors: Guznova E. A.
Published: May 2019

The article deals with the historical development of the concept of a beneficial owner in international tax law. It is noted that in the Russian Federation, the concept of beneficial owner was introduced into the tax legislation only in 2014, but attempts to use this concept were undertaken before 2014. The author thoroughly analyzes legal acts adopted before the “de-offshore law” and approaches to interpretation of the concept of the actual right to income; the paper examines the modern concept of “beneficial owner” set forth in the Russian tax legislation. In general, the concept of beneficial owner has passed a long way of development both in international practice and in the Russian Federation. At the moment, there are still difficulties in interpreting the concept of beneficial owner of income, as well as in the process of forming a uniform law enforcement practice in relation to the concept under consideration.
Possibility of participation of a specialist in providing evidence
Authors: Kovalyova A. V.
Published: May 2019

The paper is based on the analysis of the current civil procedural legislation of Russia, demonstrating different approaches of the legislator to the procedure of providing evidence, and France, whose experience is interesting from the point of view of further formation and development of the domestic model of pre-trial (preliminary) and extrajudicial evidence, and judicial practice. The possibility of a specialist to participate in the provision of evidence (using specialized knowledge), including de lege ferenda as an independent way for providing evidence (within the respective pre-trial procedure), of provision of expert advice as an independent means of evidence (in the case of compulsory participation of a specialist when viewing the electronic notary sources, carried out in order to provide evidence). In addition, the author, based on an analysis of the current provisions of the Civil Procedural Code of the Russian Federation and the fundamentals of Notary Law, concludes that a specialist can participate in a notary’s exercise in order to provide evidence of the following actions: inspection of written or material evidence, as well as the appointment of expertise (to fill the lack of special knowledge required by the notary when forming issues to be resolved by an expert or experts). There is a proposal to supplement the Arbitration Procedure Code of the Russian Federation with the norms establishing the possibility of the participation of a specialist when the court conducts inspection of written and physical evidence in order to ensure such.
Kitle İletişim Araçlarının Çocukların Algısına Etkisi: 15 Temmuz Örneği
Authors: SİNE Rengim , SARI Gülşah
Published: May 2019

Çocuklar gerek kitle iletişim araçları gerekse sosyal çevrelerinden çeşitli mesajlara maruz kalmaktadır.Çocukların dünyayı algılayış şekilleri de aldıkları bu mesajlarla belirlenmektedir. Bu çalışmada, çocukların15 Temmuz 2016’da yaşanan darbe girişiminden gerek kitle iletişim araçları gerekse sosyal çevreleriaracılığıyla zihinlerinde nasıl bir algı oluştuğunu tespit etmek adına İstanbul ve Trabzon illerindeyaşayan, 3. ve 4. sınıfta okuyan 351 öğrenciye 15 Temmuz konulu resimler çizdirilmiştir. Yapılan resimlerincelenerek “çatışmaya karşı koyan halk”, “saldırıya uğrayan halk”, “milli birlik ve beraberlik”, “simgenoktaları”, “kutlama, zafer” ve “dini öğeler” şeklinde altı başlık altında kategorilendirilmiştir. Elde edilenresimler sonucunda çocukların kitle iletişim araçları ve sosyal çevrelerinden algıladıklarını çizdikleriresimlerle açığa çıkardıkları tespit edilirken, çocukların 15 Temmuz’u milli birlik ve beraberlik, bayrak,tank, kahramanlık gibi temalarla resmettiği tespit edilmiştir
Making Milk Less Allergenic
Authors: Ewart Fiona A.
Published: May 2019

The formation of stable aggregates by food proteins is associated with allergenicity. In particular, amyloid formation by the fish allergen parvalbumin was recently shown to favor IgE binding and subsequent allergic recognition. Therefore, reducing amyloid content in an allergenic food might offer a direct way to make that food less likely to trigger an allergy. In this project, protein aggregation and amyloid formation were studied in milk using gel electrophoresis and fluorescence-based assays. The results suggested that ordinary pasteurized milk from the grocery store contained protein aggregates and specifically amyloid. Processing the milk as normally done during food preparation did not appreciably affect general aggregation or amyloid formation. However, the addition of some polyphenol-containing food products to the milk appeared to result in reduced amyloid levels. Moreover, cranberry juice also appeared to reduce amyloid formation by the milk protein casein. These results suggest that the addition of cranberry or other polyphenol-rich foods to milk products for young children may reduce the risk of milk allergy development by diminishing protein aggregation.
Protestant Theologies and the Problem of Sacred Space
Authors: Kilde Jeanne Halgren
Published: May 2019

The phrase sacred space, suggesting a spiritually evocative environment infused with divine or transcendent presence, is currently applied to almost all religious places, including almost all Christian churches and chapels. Yet Protestant leaders from the Reformation onward vigorously opposed such an understanding of God’s relationship to humanly created worship space. For them, God was not immanent in specific spaces or buildings. How is it that Protestants came to embrace the idea of sacred space and apply it to their own churches? This essay explores the concept of sacred space and its relationship to Protestant architecture, focusing on the second half of the 20th century, a period that brought significant transformation to this relationship. The essay asserts that cultural, theological, and academic transformations occurring in the United States in the post-World War II period, resulted in the development of a universalized view of the sacred that came to undergird new religious spaces, particularly chapels meant to accommodate several faith traditions, which in turn helped to advance that view. Both the ideas and the buildings reflected a growing interest in personal spirituality and new understandings of the relative immanence and transcendence of God.
¿Qué arquitectura protestante quinientos años después?
Authors: Vidal Rojas Rodrigo
Published: May 2019

La diversidad formal y espacial, la ausencia de tipologías claramente establecidas y el fuerte carácter contextual en relación a lugares y culturas, entre otros aspectos, dificultan la identificación de una arquitectura protestante, en singular. Es más correcto hablar de arquitecturas protestantes en plural, debido a su progresiva reconfiguración histórica y a sus distintas expresiones contemporáneas. Y para comprender la arquitectura de los edificios de culto protestante contemporáneos, como también su probable devenir, examinaremos ocho etapas singulares de su configuración, extrayendo de cada una los elementos claves de su reconfiguración.
Examining the Effect of Social-Emotional Prevention Program on Social and Communication Skills of Disadvantaged Preschool Children
Authors: GÜLAY OGELMAN Hülya , ERTEN SARIKAYA Hatice , GÜNGÖR Hande , KÖRÜKÇÜ Özlem
Published: May 2019

The purpose of the project was to investigate the effect of
the Social-Emotional Prevention Program on social and communication skills of
4-6 year-old children attending preschool education and having families with
low socio-economic level. In the study, quasi-experimental design with
pretest-posttest group was used. Three experimental groups and one control group
were included in the project. Average age of the children in all the groups was
5 years, 1 month, and 27 days (minimum 4 years, 1 month, and 16 days; maximum 6
years and 3 days).  83 children and 83
mothers including 25 children and 25 mothers in the age group of 4-6 years from
Experimental Group 1, 16 children and 16 mothers from Experimental Group 2, 16
children and 16 mothers from Experimental Group 3, and 26 children and 26
mothers from Control Group were included in the project. All of 83 children
involved in the all groups were attending independent kindergartens affiliated
with Ministry of National Education, Provincial Directorate for National
Education of Denizli in Pamukkale and Tavas districts of Denizli. Personal
Information Form, Social Skills Evaluation Scale (SSES), and Communication
Skills Scale (Teacher Form) were used as the data collection tools in the
project. According to the results of the study, implementing Social-Emotional
Prevention Program together with family involvement activities, implementing
only Social-Emotional Prevention Program, and implementing only family
involvement activities led to significant improvements in the social and
communication skills of the children compared to the control group.
The Impact of Literature Circles on the Motivation of Turkish EFL Students towards Literature: An Evaluation of Teachers’ Perceptions
Authors: AVCI Nilay
Published: May 2019

This study aims to determine why teachers prefer implementing literature circles.  It also aims to discover if the literature circle helps students’ comprehension of literature and language and how it affects students’ attitudes towards reading through teachers’ perceptions. Along with the presence, implementation and effect of literature circles in education, processes and changes that students go through while taking part in the circles based on selected literary works were investigated. When the data gathered through interviews with circle teachers were analysed, it supported the view that use of literature circles clearly helps students to understand literature better by increasing their desire to read. Additionally, the view that students’ general attitudes towards reading change positively after taking part in the circles was supported by the results. The results also emphasized that students can develop better comprehension techniques in the circles which will enable them to use the literature for authentic and meaningful purposes.
Determination of Optimum Annealing Time Durations of Nano Boron Nitride Added MgB2 Superconductors
Authors: Ulgen Asaf Tolga
Published: May 2019

In the present study, I have investigated the effect of different annealing time durations of 0.5h, 1h, 2h and 4h (annealing temperature at 700oC) on the electrical, micro structural and superconducting properties of the nano hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) added/doping magnesium diboride (MgB2) superconducting samples. The aim of this work, hBN added MgB2 superconducting bulk samples are determined to find out the optimum sintering time, also investigated how BN addition effects the optimum fabrication conditions. These superconducting samples were prepared by the conventional solid-state reaction method. Experimental techniques of X-ray diffraction (XRD) were used for structural and microstructural examinations. Critical transition temperatures, difference between Tc-onset and Tc-offset, a and c lattice parameter, grain size, bulk density, residual resistivity ratios (RR) and cross-sectional area fractions (AF) of the pure and nano-hBN added MgB2 materials are obtained using a cryostat equipped with a superconducting magnet. All the experimental results notice that the characteristic features improve regularly with the increment in sintering time durations.
The Association between Human Papillomavirus Infection and Smoking, Age, Gender in Lung Cancer Patients: A Meta-Analysis
Authors: ZHANG Rui , CHEN Ling , CUI Ya-Deng , LI Ge
Published: May 2019

Background: The aim of our study was to identify the association between Human papillomavirus (HPV) positive rate and smoking in lung cancer (LC) patients. Meanwhile, to analyze differences among gender, age differences on HPV infection rate in LC patients.
Methods: We performed a systematic literature search through PubMed, Wan Fang, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), MEDLINE, EMBASE (OVID), and Web of Science databases from 1991-2017, and we searched these keywords such as “lung cancer”, “HPV”, “smoking”, and “human papillomavirus”. Review Manager 5.3 software was used to analyze. An estimate of the odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) was calculated.
Results: In China, a statistical significance was observed between HPV positive rate and smoking in LC patients (OR=2.34, 95%CI: 1.76–3.09, P<0.001; I2 =25%). However, after stratified by region, no significance was observed in other regions, gender, and age.
Conclusion: HPV infections are associated with smoking in LC patients. The association between HPV infection and smoking in LC patients may relate to different regions. There were no differences between gender and age among HPV infection rates in LC patients. To identify the etiology of smoking, HPV, and LC, a further experimental research needs to be conducted.
The Prevalence of Brucellosis in Different Provinces of Iran during 2013-2015
Authors: CHALABIANI Siavaah , KHODADAD NAZARI Mina , RAZAVI DAVOODI Nada , SHABANI Mahdi , MARDANI Masoud , SARAFNEJAD Abdolfatah , AMIRZARGAR Ali AKBAR
Published: May 2019

Background: Brucellosis as a zoonotic disease is widespread among human and animal that it continues to be a major public health problem. Due to the shortage of recent epidemiologic data regarding the brucellosis distribution in Iran, we convinced to evaluate the prevalence of brucellosis in provinces of Iran.
Methods: In this descriptive study, data were collected from brucellosis suspected patients referred to Noor Pathobiology Laboratory, Tehran, Iran from 18 out of 31 provinces of Iran during 2013-2015.
Results: Overall, 2635 out of 17103 attending cases (15.4%) were recognized as brucellosis patients. The most prevalent rate was found in patients aged 20-39 yr old (41%) which of them 67% were male. Patients with brucellosis were significantly diagnosed in spring season (Apr to late May). Among included provinces, Hamadan Province had the highest (25%) prevalence followed by Markazi and Mazandaran with 24.7% and 22.5%, respectively.
Conclusion: Brucellosis is still considered as an important infectious disease with a high prevalence in many provinces of Iran. It is necessary to implement a national brucellosis control program by increasing medical education, public knowledge and various controlling plans for preventing, controlling and eradicating of brucellosis.
Antioxidant Activities of Aster glehni Extracted with Different Solvents
Authors: SEO Sangwook , KIM Kisok
Published: May 2019

The article not available.
Association between the Dental Check-Ups Prevalence and Percentage of Inhabitants with All Natural Teeth
Authors: MARAK Marian , BENO Pavol , SAMOHYL Martin
Published: May 2019

The abstract not available.
Effectiveness of a Community and School-Based Intervention to Control and Prevent of Tobacco Use in Adolescents: A Field Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: KHAYYATI Fariba , ASGHARI JAFARABADI Mohammad , LOTFIZADEH Masoud , KARIMI Asrin , RAHMANI Khaled
Published: May 2019

The abstract not available.
Determiner of Poor Sleep Quality in Chronic Kidney Disease Patients Links to Elevated Diastolic Blood Pressure, hs-CRP, and Blood-count-based Inflammatory Predictors
Authors: Empitu Maulana Antiyan , Kadariswantiningsih Ika Nindya , Thaha Mochammad , Nugroho Cahyo Wibisono , Putri Eka Arum Cahyaning , Hakim Zaky El , Suryansyah Maulana Muhtadin , Alda Rieza Rizqi , Alsagaff Mohammad Yusuf , Amin Mochammad , Santoso Djoko , Suzuki Yusuke
Published: May 2019

BACKGROUND: Sleep deprivation is strongly associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD) via sympathetic overstimulation and systemic inflammation in general population. However, the significance of poor sleep quality in chronic kidney disease (CKD) is still underexplored.METHODS: This study assessed the sleep quality of 39 with non-dialysis CKD (ND CKD) patients and 25 hemodialysis CKD (HD CKD) patients using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) questionnaire. Poor sleeper was defined as individual with PSQI > 5.RESULTS: The prevalence of poor sleeper (30% vs. 60%, p=0.029) and the cummulative PSQI (ND CKD 4.5±4.4, HD CKD 8±6, p=0.038) are different between ND CKD and HD CKD groups. Among the ND CKD, there are association between short sleep duration (< 5 hours per day) with elevated diastolic blood pressure groups (r=0.421, p<0.05); habitual sleep efficiency with platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (r= 0.532, p<0.0001); daytime dysfunction with increased hs-CRP (r=0.345, p=0.032) and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (r=0.320, p=0.046). In HD CKD group, a requirement to use sleep medication was associated with elevated highsensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) level (r=0.434, p=0.030) and decreased monocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio (r=- 0.410, p=0.042); daytime dysfunction was associated with serum hs-CRP (r=0.452, p=0.023).CONCLUSION: This study revealed that some features of poor sleep quality in CKD patients including low sleep efficiency, daytime dysfunction and requirement to use sleep medication were associated with increased diastolic blood pressure, hs-CRP and blood-count-based inflammatory predictors. Thus, this finding prompt to pay closer attention to sleep complaints in the management of CVD risk factors in CKD patients.KEYWORDS: sleep quality, chronic kidney disease, blood pressure, inflammation
Subchronic Toxicity of Ethanol Extract of Syzygium polyanthum (Wight) Walp. Leaves on Wistar Rat
Authors: Sumiwi Sri Adi , Zuhrotun Ade , Hendriani Rini , Rizal Mochamad , Levita Jutti , Megantara Sandra
Published: May 2019

BACKGROUND: Previous works indicated various pharmacology activities of bay plant (Syzygium polyanthum (Wight) Walp.), however only few studies investigated its toxicity. This work was aimed to study the subchronic toxicity of ethanol extract of this plant.METHODS: White Wistar rats were divided into 4 groups and were treated with 2% of Arabic gum (PGA) suspension, 1000 mg/kg of body weight (BW), 400 mg/kg of BW and 100 mg/kg of BW, respectively. The animals were observed on their body weight, hematology, clinical biochemistry parameters, organ index and histopathology.RESULTS: Flavonoids, tannins, polyphenols, saponins, quinones, monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes were detected in dried leaves and ethanol extract of bay plant. An increase of body weight in male and female groups treated with dose 100 and 400 mg/kg BW compared to controls, was observed. Moreover, there was an increase of white blood cell (WBC) in male and female groups treated with S. polyanthum extracts compared to controls, whereas a decrease of red blood cell (RBC) was observed in male groups treated with S. polyanthum extracts in dose-dependent manner compared to control. No significant changes of RBC were seen in female groups, haemoglobin values were not altered by extract treatment. Photomicrographs of liver, kidney, lungs, heart and spleen histopathology of male and female S. polyanthum extract-treated groups showed no significant alteration compared to controls.CONCLUSION: Our study revealed that S. polyanthum extracts does not show toxicity on the body weight, hematology, creatinine and serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase (SGPT), but fatty liver and necrosis are observed in female rats. This result can be beneficial for plant-based drug discovery, particularly this study provides information about the safety of S. polyanthum to be further developed as candidate of phytopharmaceutics.KEYWORDS: bay plants, salam leaves, hepatotoxicity, necrosis, SGOT, SGPT
Baseline and Post-exercise High-Sensitivity C-Reactive Protein Levels in Endurance Cyclists: The Indonesian North Coast and Tour de Borobudur 2017 Study
Authors: Azam Mahalul , Lestari Susanti , Rahayu Sri Ratna , Fibriana Arulita Ika , Setianto Budhi , Widyastiti Nyoman Suci , Suhartono Suhartono , Susanto Hardhono , Kartasurya Martha Irene , Bahrudin Udin , Eijsvogels Thijs
Published: May 2019

BACKGROUND: Inflammation plays an important role in the atherosclerotic process. High-sensitivity C-reactive-protein (hs-CRP) is commonly used as inflammatory biomarker. It is well known that regular physical activity lowers hs-CRP levels, while prolonged exercise induces hs-CRP elevations. However, the relationship of training and exercise characteristics with hs-CRP levels remains not well elucidated. We evaluated baseline and post-exercise hs-CRP levels and its association with training and exercise characteristics.METHODS: Eighty-eight male endurance cyclists were involved. Demographic data, health condition and training characteristics were collected. Baseline and postexercise blood-samples were collected to determine hsCRP concentrations. A hs-CRP cut-off point of 3 mg/L was used. Blood-cell count and biochemical parameters were measured at baseline. Heart rate (HR) was measured during exercise.RESULTS: Cyclists performed 7.3 hours (interquartilerange (IQR) = 5.4-7.5) of endurance exercise at intensity of 81.8 % (IQR = 74.9-85.8). Cyclists with baseline hsCRP ≥ 3 mg/L reported higher body mass, body mass index (BMI), waist-circumference and total-cholesterol. An increase in hs-CRP was following endurance exercise. Cyclists with any elevation of hs-CRP reported a higher BMI, HR during exercise and exercise intensity. Binary logistic regression analysis showed BMI (OR = 1.24, 95% CI = 1.04-1.48) and cycling distance (OR = 0.22, 95% CI = 0.06-0.76) were associated with post-exercise hs-CRP elevations.CONCLUSION: Body mass, BMI, waist-circumference, total- and HDL-cholesterol are associated with baseline hsCRP, whereas BMI and cycling distance were associated with hs-CRP elevations. These findings suggest that anthropometry parameters and lipid levels attributed to baseline hs-CRP, while anthropometry parameters and cycling intensity attributed to post-exercise hs-CRP elevations.KEYWORDS: C-reactive-protein, exercise, endurancecycling, inflammation, acute-phase-response
Mitochondria in Health and Disease
Authors: Meiliana Anna , Dewi Nurrani Mustika , Wijaya Andi
Published: May 2019

BACKGROUND: Mitochondrial dysfunction known to be associated with most of human inherited disorders and diseases, including neurodegenerative disorders, cardiomyopathies, metabolic syndrome, muscle weakness, cancer, also obesity.CONTENT: Mitochondria charges for multiple anabolic and catabolic circuitries, as the main provider for adenosine triphosphate (ATP). Mitochondria also responsible for cellwide stress responses and control non-apoptotic cell death routines, such as autophagy and regulated necrosis. In other words, mitochondria play an extended role in regulating cellular functions, both vital and lethal, from physiological metabolism to stress responses and death to maintain adult tissue homeostasis. Furthermore, mitochondria are crucial for both embryonic and postembryonic development. Therefore, any defect or alteration in mitochondria signaling pathways will lead to a large number of diseases in human, including premature aging, neurodegenerative disorders, muscle weakness, cardiovascular disorders, and cancer.SUMMARY: Mitochondria perform a dynamic, integrated interconnected network, to maintain tissue homeostasis, beyond the cell boundaries and regulating cells and tissues communication. Certainly any mitochondrial dysfunction could direct to neurodegenerative diseases and metabolic disorders.KEYWORDS: mitochondria, UPR, mitochondrial quality control, proteostasis, mitohormesis, mitochondrial diseases
The economic benefits of cloud-based E-commerce in Indian service small to medium businesses (SMBs)
Authors: Sandu Nitirajsingh , Gide Ergun
Published: May 2019

This research paper investigated the economic benefits of Cloud-based E-commerce in Indian service small to medium businesses (SMBs). The emergence of the new concept of Cloud computing has greatly changed the way in which organisations are managing their services. Cloud computing primarily includes the process of providing computing resources as a service rather than a product in an organisation. They provide different opportunities to the society which include reduction of poverty, development of rural areas, and generation of job opportunities, entrepreneurship, and export of nation and so on. Hence, it is necessary to adopt new technologies so as to enhance their business performance, improve competitiveness and reduce cost. However, service SMBs are facing several issues in India which are ultimately due to lack of sufficient resources. For this purpose, an online survey was conducted to evaluate the level of economic benefit is obtained by Indian service SMBs. Keywords: Cloud computing, cloud-based E-commerce, Indian service small to medium businesses (SMBs), economic benefits.
Healthy Birth Practice #4: Avoid Interventions Unless They Are Medically Necessary
Authors: Lothian Judith A.
Published: May 2019

Maternity care in the United States continues to be intervention intensive. The routine use of intravenous fluids, restrictions on eating and drinking, continuous electronic fetal monitoring, epidural analgesia, and augmentation of labor characterize most U.S. births. The use of episiotomy has decreased but is still higher than it should be. These interventions disturb the normal physiology of labor and birth and restrict women's ability to cope with labor. The result is a cascade of interventions that increase risk, including the risk of cesarean surgery, for women and babies. This paper describes the use and effect of routine interventions on the physiologic process of labor and birth and identifies the unintended consequences resulting from the routine use of these interventions in labor and birth.
VIRTOPSY OF PILOTS DIED INSIDE A LIGHT AIRPLANE WHEN IT FELL AND HIT THE GROUND
Authors: Klevno V. A. , Chumakova Yu. V. , Lebedeva A. S. , Kozylbaev V. V. , Dubrova S. E. , Efremenkov N. V. , Zemur M. A.
Published: May 2019

The article presents a case from the practice of Serpukhov forensic medical department of SBIH MR “Bureau of FME”, when in the case of death of two pilots of a light airplane as a result of an aviation injury the method of computer tomography of corpses (virtual autopsy) was applied, followed by X-ray anatomical comparison of the results.
THE TRAINING OF DOCTORS – FORENSIC EXPERTS: PROBLEMS AND SOLUTIONS
Authors: Klevno V. A. , Maksimov A. V. , Kuchuk S. A. , Lysenko O. V.
Published: May 2019

The article reflects the stages of primary, primary specialized and periodic accreditation of specialists with higher medical education, the analysis of the main problems arising in the training of doctors of forensic experts, the experience of the state medical institution «Bureau of FME» in the training of medical personnel in the specialty «forensic medical examination».
Assessment of the Deformation of the Outer Nuclear Layer in the Epiretinal Membrane Using Spectral-Domain Optical Coherence Tomography
Authors: Takagi Seiji , Kudo Shigeki , Yokota Hideo , Akiba Masahiro , Mandai Michiko , Hirami Yasuhiko , Takahashi Masayo , Kurimoto Yasuo , Ishida Masahiro
Published: May 2019

Background

We aimed to investigate the deformation of the outer nuclear layer using optical coherence tomography in patients with epiretinal membrane (ERM) and its relationship with metamorphopsia.

Methods

Thirty-nine eyes from 39 patients with ERM were included in the study. Patients with the subtypes of pseudo macula hole and lamellar hole were excluded. Twenty-one fellow eyes without macular disease were included as normal controls. Forty-nine B-scan images were obtained in the range of 20 degrees around the macula using SD-OCT. The outer nuclear layer (ONL) was evaluated as a three-dimensional image (3D-ONL) reconstructed using the distance between the ONL and retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) line. The deformation of the ONL was figured at the reference plane and evaluation plane (ONL-B). The characteristic parameters of the ONL-B were defined as circularity, area ratio, and axis ratio. The correlations between these parameters and visual acuity and MCHART score ratio (MH/MV) were then evaluated.

Results

ONL height was significantly higher in ERM patients than in normal controls (54.1 ± 5.3 μm and 84.1 ± 12.9 μm, respectively; P<0.001). In ERM patients, the MV score was 0.53 ± 0.50, the MH score was 0.71 ± 0.61, and the distance from the RPE line to the ONL-B was 153.5 ±13.5µm. The axis of the ONL-B in normal controls and ERM patients was -6.25±21.8 and -1.28±29.1, respectively, which indicates that the ONL is horizontally long in both normal individuals and ERM patients. The circularity and area ratio were significantly smaller in ERM patients than in normal controls. In all ERM patients, MH/MV had a significant correlation with axis (r=-0.29, p=0.034), circularity (r=-0.28, p=0.044), area ratio (r=-0.47, p=0.001). Moreover, we found that the correlation was more significant if the subjects had an axis of the ONL within ± 10 degrees (n=16); the correlations of MH/MV with axis (r=-0.29, p=0.034), circularity (r=-0.53, p=0.021), and area ratio were more significant (r=-0.78, P<0.0001).

Conclusion

The ONL is horizontally long in normal individuals and ERM patients. The direction of metamorphopsia is correlated with the direction of ONL deformation.
Comparison of vascular parameters between normal cynomolgus macaques and healthy humans by optical coherence tomography angiography
Authors: Peng Jingyi , Zhong Liuxueying , Ma Li , Jin Jiayi , Zheng Yongxin , Jin Chenjin
Published: May 2019

Background: The metabolic activity of retina is higher than other human tissues and is crucial to the vision. Cynomolgus macaques is widely used in ophthalmic disease research. The evaluation and comparison of macular and optic disc vascular circulation parameters between normal adult cynomolgus macaques and healthy adult humans using OCT-A can promote better use of nonhuman primate models in studies of ophthalmic vascular disease. Methods: 12 normal adult cynomolgus macaques with a mean age of 4.91±0.43 years were studied for data collection. The macula of 28 adult healthy humans (14 males and 14 females), with a mean age of 25.11±6.21 years and the optic discs of 9 adult healthy humans (4 males and 5 females) with a mean age of 28.56±6.78 years were measured. The vessel density (VD) was measured using an RTVue XR with AngioVue. The scan sizes of the macular and optic discs were 3×3 mm and 4.5×4.5 mm, respectively. Results: OCT-A can image the superficial and deep capillary plexuses and radial peripapillary capillary network. In RPC layer of the optic disc, the VD in the nasal quadrant was lower than the VD in the inferior temporal quadrant. Similarities and significant differences in VD between healthy humans and cynomolgus macaques were obtained using OCT-A. Conclusions: This study provides normal vascular parameters for adult cynomolgus macaques using OCT-A to help establish an optical parameter database for cynomolgus macaques and compare VD between healthy humans and cynomolgus macaques to promote choroid-retinopathy research. Trial registration: Current Controlled Trials NCT03692169