bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Structure-based design of chimeric antigens for multivalent protein vaccines
Authors: Hollingshead S. , Jongerius I. , Exley R. M. , Johnson S. , Lea S. M. , Tang C. M.
Published: March 2018

There is an urgent need to develop vaccines against pathogenic bacteria. However, this is often hindered by antigenic diversity and difficulties encountered manufacturing membrane proteins. Here we show how to use structure-based design to develop chimeric antigens (ChAs) for subunit vaccines. ChAs are generated against serogroup B Neisseria meningitidis (MenB), the predominant cause of meningococcal disease in wealthy countries. MenB ChAs exploit factor H binding protein (fHbp) as a molecular scaffold to display the immunogenic VR2 epitope from the integral membrane protein PorA. Structural analyses demonstrate fHbp is correctly folded and the PorA VR2 epitope adopts an immunogenic conformation. In mice, immunisation with ChAs generates fHbp and PorA antibodies that recognise the antigens expressed by clinical MenB isolates; these antibody responses correlate with protection against meningococcal disease. Application of ChAs is therefore a potentially powerful approach to develop multivalent subunit vaccines, which can be tailored to circumvent pathogen diversity.
Atrx inactivation drives disease-defining phenotypes in glioma cells of origin through global epigenomic remodeling
Authors: Danussi Carla , Bose Promita , Parthasarathy Prasanna T. , Silberman Pedro C. , Van Arnam John S. , Vitucci Mark , Tang Oliver Y. , Heguy Adriana , Wang Yuxiang , Chan Timothy A. , Riggins Gregory J. , Sulman Erik P. , Lang Frederick F. , Creighton Chad J. , Deneen Benjamin , Miller C. Ryan , Picketts David J. , Kannan Kasthuri , Huse Jason T.
Published: March 2018

Mutational inactivation of the SWI/SNF chromatin regulator ATRX occurs frequently in gliomas, the most common primary brain tumors. Whether and how ATRX deficiency promotes oncogenesis by epigenomic dysregulation remains unclear, despite its recent implication in both genomic instability and telomere dysfunction. Here we report that Atrx loss recapitulates characteristic disease phenotypes and molecular features in putative glioma cells of origin, inducing cellular motility although also shifting differentiation state and potential toward an astrocytic rather than neuronal histiogenic profile. Moreover, Atrx deficiency drives widespread shifts in chromatin accessibility, histone composition, and transcription in a distribution almost entirely restricted to genomic sites normally bound by the protein. Finally, direct gene targets of Atrx that mediate specific Atrx-deficient phenotypes in vitro exhibit similarly selective misexpression in ATRX-mutant human gliomas. These findings demonstrate that ATRX deficiency and its epigenomic sequelae are sufficient to induce disease-defining oncogenic phenotypes in appropriate cellular and molecular contexts.
Universal scaling-law for flow resistance over canopies with complex morphology
Authors: Rubol Simonetta , Ling Bowen , Battiato Ilenia
Published: March 2018

Flow resistance caused by vegetation is a key parameter to properly assess flood management and river restoration. However, quantifying the friction factor or any of its alternative metrics, e.g. the drag coefficient, in canopies with complex geometry has proven elusive. We explore the effect of canopy morphology on vegetated channels flow structure and resistance by treating the canopy as a porous medium characterized by an effective permeability, a property that describes the ease with which water can flow through the canopy layer. We employ a two-domain model for flow over and within the canopy, which couples the log-law in the free layer to the Darcy-Brinkman equation in the vegetated layer. We validate the model analytical solutions for the average velocity profile within and above the canopy, the volumetric discharge and the friction factor against data collected across a wide range of canopy morphologies encountered in riverine systems. Results indicate agreement between model predictions and data for both simple and complex plant morphologies. For low submergence canopies, we find a universal scaling law that relates friction factor with canopy permeability and a rescaled bulk Reynolds number. This provides a valuable tool to assess habitats sustainability associated with hydro-dynamical conditions.
Effects of temperature, moisture, and metal salt content on dielectric properties of rice bran associated with radio frequency heating
Authors: Ling Bo , Liu Xiaoli , Zhang Lihui , Wang Shaojin
Published: March 2018

Dielectric heating including microwave (MW) and radio frequency (RF) energy has been regarded as alternative thermal treatments for food processing. To develop effective rice bran (RB) stabilization treatments based on RF and MW heating, dielectric properties (DPs) with dielectric constant (ε′) and loss factor (ε″) of RB samples at frequencies (10–3000 MHz), temperatures (25–100 °C), moisture content (MC, 10.36–24.69% w.b.) and three metal salt levels (0.05–2.00%) were determined by an open-ended coaxial probe and impedance analyzer. Results indicated that both ε′ and ε″ of RB samples increased with increasing temperature and MC. The increase rate was greater at higher temperature and moisture levels than at lower levels, especially at frequencies lower than 300 MHz. Cubic order models were developed to best fit the relationship between DPs of RB samples and temperature/MC at five frequencies with R2 greater than 0.994. Both ε″ and RF heating rate of RB samples increased significantly with added NaCl (2%), KCl (1%) and Na6O18P6 (2%). The obtained data are useful in developing computer models and simulating dielectric heating for RB stabilization and may also provide theoretical basis for synergistic stabilization of RB under combined dielectric heating with metal salts.
Enhanced features of Dictyoglomus turgidum Cellulase A engineered with carbohydrate binding module 11 from Clostridium thermocellum
Authors: Cattaneo Chiara , Cesaro Patrizia , Spertino Stefano , Icardi Sara , Cavaletto Maria
Published: March 2018

Lignocellulosic biomass (LCB) is a low-cost and abundant source of fermentable sugars. Enzymatic hydrolysis is one of the main ways to obtain sugars from biomass, but most of the polysaccharide-degrading enzymes are poorly efficient on LCB and cellulases with higher performances are required. In this study, we designed a chimeric protein by adding the carbohydrate binding module (CBM) of the cellulosomal enzyme CtLic26A-Cel5E (endoglucanase H or CelH) from Clostridium (Ruminiclostridium) thermocellum to the C-terminus of Dtur CelA, an interesting hyperthermostable endoglucanase from Dictyoglomus turgidum. The activity and binding rate of both native and chimeric enzyme were evaluated on soluble and insoluble polysaccharides. The addition of a CBM resulted in a cellulase with enhanced stability at extreme pHs, higher affinity and activity on insoluble cellulose.
Tubular immaturity causes erythropoietin-deficiency anemia of prematurity in preterm neonates
Authors: Asada Nariaki
Published: March 2018

Kidneys are physiologically hypoxic due to huge oxygen consumption for tubular reabsorption. The physiological hypoxia makes the kidney an appropriate organ for sensitively detecting oxygen levels and producing erythropoietin (EPO). In preterm neonates, immature kidneys cannot produce sufficient EPO, which results in anemia of prematurity (AOP). The cause of EPO insufficiency in AOP has been unclear, therefore current therapeutic options are transfusion and injection of recombinant human EPO. This report shows that the cause of insufficient EPO production in AOP is elevated renal oxygen levels due to poor oxygen consumption by immature tubules. Neonatal mice with AOP showed low tubular transporter expression and elevated renal oxygen levels compared with those without AOP. Enhancing transporter expression in AOP mice induced renal hypoxia and EPO production. In preterm neonates, red blood cell counts, hemoglobin levels, and hematocrit levels correlated with tubular function, but not with serum creatinine, gestational age, or birth weight. Furthermore, pharmacological upregulation of hypoxia signaling ameliorated AOP in mice. These data suggest that tubular maturation with increased oxygen consumption is required for renal EPO production.
TGF-β1 promotes cell barrier function upon maturation of corneal endothelial cells
Authors: Beaulieu Leclerc Véronique , Roy Olivier , Santerre Kim , Proulx Stéphanie
Published: March 2018

Human corneal endothelial cells (HCECs) easily become fibroblastic-like when cultured, rendering them unsuitable for tissue engineering of the cornea. Transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) could be a key factor in this phenomenon; however, TGF-β is also known to maintain the endothelium in a quiescent state in vivo. This work aimed to compare the effects of TGF-β1 on the phenotype of HCECs during the proliferation and maturation phases. Our results show that addition of TGF-β1 during the active proliferation phase produced fibroblastic HCECs and loss of the cell junction markers ZO-1 and n-cadherin, independent from the presence of epidermal growth factor (EGF). By contrast, addition of TGF-β1 in maturation media containing few mitogens led to an endothelial phenotype and functional cell junctions as HCECs developed a high trans-endothelial resistance. Furthermore, addition of AG-1478, an epithelial growth factor receptor inhibitor, enhanced the gain of the endothelial phenotype and cell barrier function. Overall, these results show that TGF-β1 can be used to promote the formation of a typical leaky endothelial barrier during the maturation phase of cultured HCECs. A two-phase culture of HCECs using distinct proliferation and maturation media could also be key for developing ideal HCEC culture conditions.
Label-free in-flow detection of receptor recognition motifs on the biomolecular corona of nanoparticles
Authors: Gianneli M. , Polo E. , Lopez H. , Castagnola V. , Aastrup T. , Dawson K. A.
Published: March 2018

We present a fast, label-free, QCM-based methodology for the screening of accessible protein recognition epitopes on NP biological surface.
Kinetic aspects of formation and processing of polycaprolactone polyurethanes in situ from a blocked isocyanate
Authors: Check Casey , Imre Balazs , Gojzewski Hubert , Chartoff Richard , Vancso G. Julius
Published: March 2018

To produce segmented polyurethanes that can be processed readily into elastomeric thin films, a thermally labile blocking agent was used to synthesize an isocyanate prepolymer. The final product was formed by bulk thermal polymerization. The resulting polymer morphology imparted enhanced mechanical properties.
Mechanochemistry as an emerging tool for molecular synthesis: what can it offer?
Authors: Howard Joseph L. , Cao Qun , Browne Duncan L.
Published: March 2018

Mechanochemistry is becoming more widespread as a technique for molecular synthesis with new mechanochemical reactions being discovered at increasing frequency. This perspective explores what more it can offer, aside from the clear benefit of reduced solvent consumption.
A rapid colorimetric method for the detection of deltamethrin based on gold nanoparticles modified with 2-mercapto-6-nitrobenzothiazole
Authors: Wang Zhuqing , Huang Yunlong , Wang Dejin , Sun Li , Dong Chen , Fang Lanyun , Zhang Yujie , Wu Aiguo
Published: March 2018

A rapid colorimetric method for the detection of deltamethrin based on gold nanoparticles modified with 2-mercapto-6-nitrobenzothiazole shows excellent selectivity, anti-interference and sensitivity.
Versatility of chlorination-promoted skeletal transformation pathways in C76fullerene
Authors: Sudarkova S. M. , Mazaleva O. N. , Konoplev-Esgenburg R. A. , Troyanov S. I. , Ioffe I. N.
Published: March 2018

Chlorination-promoted cage transformations in C76produce a new non-IPR C76Cl30molecule revealing the considerable versatility of concurrently accessible skeletal transformation pathways.
An isotetramolybdate-supported rhenium carbonyl derivative: synthesis, characterization, and use as a catalyst for sulfoxidation
Authors: Lu Jingkun , Ma Xinyi , Singh Vikram , Zhang Yujiao , Ma Pengtao , Zhang Chao , Niu Jingyang , Wang Jingping
Published: March 2018

We successfully synthesized an isotetramolybdate-supported rhenium carbonyl derivative, [(CH3)4N]4[{Re(CO)3}4(Mo4O16)]·H2O, which showed excellent catalytic activity in the selective oxidation of sulfides under comparatively mild reaction conditions.
Facilely prepared blue-green light sensitive curcuminoids with excellent bleaching properties as high performance photosensitizers in cationic and free radical photopolymerization
Authors: Han Weixiang , Fu Hongyuan , Xue Tanlong , Liu Tongzheng , Wang Yong , Wang Tao
Published: March 2018

Four blue-green light sensitive curcuminoids have been prepared using a facile method. High performances were found as photosensitizers in cationic and free radical photopolymerzation.
From a Au-rich core/PtNi-rich shell to a Ni-rich core/PtAu-rich shell: an effective thermochemical pathway to nanoengineering catalysts for fuel cells
Authors: Lu Aolin , Wu Zhi-Peng , Chen Binghui , Peng Dong-Liang , Yan Shan , Shan Shiyao , Skeete Zakiya , Chang Fangfang , Chen Yuanzhi , Zheng Hongfei , Zeng Deqian , Yang Lefu , Sharma Anju , Luo Jin , Wang Lichang , Petkov Valeri , Zhong Chuan-Jian
Published: March 2018

A major challenge for the design of noble metal nanocatalysts is the ability of surface engineering to enhance the activity and stability with minimum use of the noble metals.
Effect of cation substitution on the pseudocapacitive performance of spinel cobaltite MCo2O4 (M = Mn, Ni, Cu, and Co)
Authors: Liu Shude , Ni Dixing , Li Hai-Feng , Hui Kwun Nam , Ouyang Chu-Ying , Jun Seong Chan
Published: March 2018

Cation substitution is a promising strategy for modulating the structural properties and optimizing the electrochemical performance of spinel cobalt oxide (Co3O4); however, the underlying mechanism of this action induced by different cation substitutions has not yet been clearly addressed.
Mitochondrial DNA as an inflammatory mediator in cardiovascular diseases
Authors: Nakayama Hiroyuki , Otsu Kinya
Published: March 2018

Mitochondria play a central role in multiple cellular functions, including energy production, calcium homeostasis, and cell death. Currently, growing evidence indicates the vital roles of mitochondria in triggering and maintaining inflammation. Chronic inflammation without microbial infection — termed sterile inflammation — is strongly involved in the development of heart failure. Sterile inflammation is triggered by the activation of pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) that sense endogenous ligands called damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs). Mitochondria release multiple DAMPs including mitochondrial DNA, peptides, and lipids, which induce inflammation via the stimulation of multiple PRRs. Among the mitochondrial DAMPs, mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) is currently highlighted as the DAMP that mediates the activation of multiple PRRs, including Toll-like receptor 9, Nod-like receptors, and cyclic GMP–AMP synthetase/stimulator of interferon gene pathways. These PRR signalling pathways, in turn, lead to the activation of nuclear factor-κB and interferon regulatory factor, which enhances the transcriptional activity of inflammatory cytokines and interferons, and induces the recruitment of inflammatory cells. As the heart is an organ comprising abundant mitochondria for its ATP consumption (needed to maintain constant cyclic contraction and relaxation), the generation of massive amounts of mitochondrial radical oxygen species and mitochondrial DAMPs are predicted to occur and promote cardiac inflammation. Here, we will focus on the role of mtDNA in cardiac inflammation and review the mechanism and pathological significance of mtDNA-induced inflammatory responses in cardiac diseases.
Performance analysis of maximal ratio combining with transmit antenna selection and signal space diversity under exponential antenna correlation
Authors: Özyurt Serdar , Kucur Oğuz
Published: March 2018

In this work, signal space diversity (SSD) is incorporated into a multiple‐input multiple‐output system with maximal ratio combining and transmit antenna selection. The performance of the proposed system with phase‐shift keying (PSK) modulation is studied under a slow flat Rayleigh fading channel scenario with the correlated receive antennas. By adopting the realistic exponential correlation model, an exact closed‐form expression is derived for pairwise error probability. The optimal rotation angles are obtained for binary and quadrature PSK signal constellations. The theoretical analysis is verified by the numerical simulations. It is shown that the error performance of the system can be improved with almost no extra complexity or cost. It is also demonstrated that the proposed scheme with SSD is more resistant against the studied correlation model as compared to the original scheme without SSD.
Fitness function improvement of evolutionary algorithms used in sensor network optimisations
Authors: Hoseinpour Atiieh , Lahijani Mojtaba Jafari , Hoseinpour Mohammad , Kazemitabar Javad
Published: March 2018

Recent advances in wireless sensor network (WSN) technology are enabling the deployment of large‐scale and collaborative sensor networks. WSNs face several challenges such as security, localisation, and energy consumption. To resolve these issues, evolutionary algorithms can be helpful. The core of every evolutionary algorithm is its fitness function. The drawbacks of fitness functions used in the literature will be investigated and some solutions will be suggested. The simulation results clearly show the improvement due to suggested solutions.
Efficacy, Tolerability, and Safety of Blonanserin in Schizophrenia: An Updated and Extended Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: Kishi Taro , Matsui Yuki , Matsuda Yuki , Katsuki Asuka , Hori Hikaru , Yanagimoto Hiroko , Sanada Kenji , Morita Kiichiro , Yoshimura Reiji , Shoji Yoshihisa , Hagi Katsuhiko , Iwata Nakao
Published: March 2018

Introduction We conducted an updated systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing blonanserin with other antipsychotics (amisulpride, aripiprazole, haloperidol, paliperidone, and risperidone).

Methods Weighted mean difference (WMD), risk ratio, and number needed to harm (NNH) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were calculated using random-effects model.

Results Ten RCTs (n=1521) were included in this study. Blonanserin was superior to aripiprazole in improvement of Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale total scores (WMD=−10.62, 95% CI=−17.67 to −3.560, p=0.003). Blonanserin was associated with a higher incidence of all-cause discontinuation (RR=1.373, 95% CI=1.088–1.734, p=0.008, NNH=11), akathisia, extrapyramidal disorder, and agitation/excitement and a lower risk of hyperprolactinemia compared with risperidone + paliperidone.

Discussion The current meta-analytic study did not update the comparison of blonanserin vs. haloperidol because there were no new RCTs. Our results suggest that the efficacy of blonanserin for schizophrenia is comparable with that of other antipsychotics, and blonanserin seems to be well tolerated.
Continuous Electronic Fetal Monitoring during Labor: A Critique and a Reply to Contemporary Proponents
Authors: Sartwelle Thomas , Johnston James
Published: March 2018

A half century after continuous electronic fetal monitoring (EFM) became the omnipresent standard of care for the vast majority of labors in the developed countries, and the cornerstone for cerebral palsy litigation, EFM advocates still do not have any scientific evidence justifying EFM use in most labors or courtrooms. Yet, these EFM proponents continue rationalizing the procedure with a rhetorical fog of meaningless words, misleading statistics, archaic concepts, and a complete disregard for medical ethics. This article illustrates the current state of affairs by providing an evidence-based review penetrating the rhetorical fog of a prototypical EFM advocate.
Tibial Spine Fractures in Children: Evaluation, Management, and Future Directions
Authors: Adams Alexander , Talathi Nakul , Gandhi Jigar , Patel Neeraj , Ganley Theodore
Published: March 2018

Fractures of the tibial spine are estimated to occur in 3 per 100,000 children annually, but account for 2 to 5% of pediatric knee injuries with effusion. Although these fractures were historically associated with bicycle accidents, the surge of organized youth sports in recent decades has brought renewed attention to this injury. While minimally displaced fractures can be treated nonoperatively, several techniques have been described for fixation of displaced or comminuted fractures. Sequelae of this injury can include arthrofibrosis, knee instability, and nonunion. Future collaborative endeavors will aim to further identify risk factors for these complications to optimize the treatment of tibial spine fractures in children.
What are the Short-Term Outcomes in Multiple Sclerosis Patients after Total Knee Arthroplasty?
Authors: Newman Jared , Sultan Assem , Khlopas Anton , Sodhi Nipun , Faour Mhamad , Piuzzi Nicolas , Higuera Carlos , Mont Michael
Published: March 2018

Due to the paucity of evidence, this study was conducted to evaluate: (1) unique characteristics of multiple sclerosis (MS) patients and (2) short-term clinical outcomes, of primary total knee arthroplasty (TKA) in patients with MS (MS-TKA) compared with matched non-MS patients. MS patients who underwent TKA were identified using the Nationwide Inpatient Sample (NIS) database. The study sample consisted of 10,884 patients with MS and 56,45,227 control cohort. Various patient factors were compared. To control for potential confounders, with the use of propensity scores, MS-TKA patients were matched (1:3) to non-MS-TKA patients and regression analyses were performed to compare perioperative complications, length of stay (LOS), and discharge dispositions. Patients with MS were younger, more likely to be females, on corticosteroids, and more likely to have muscle spasms and gait abnormalities. Annual frequency of TKAs in MS patients increased from 1.16/1,000 TKAs in 2002 to 2.48/1,000 TKAs in 2013 (p < 0.001). Compared with the matched cohort, MS patients had significantly greater odds for any medical complication (odds ratio [OR] = 1.26; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.11–1.44), longer mean LOS (mean difference: 0.15; 95% CI, 0.09–0.22), and had a greater chance of being discharged to a care facility (OR = 2.17; 95% CI, 1.96–2.40). In this study, we identified specific characteristics of patients with MS who had TKA and analyzed and compared their short-term TKA outcomes to non-MS patients. It was demonstrated that more patients with MS are undergoing TKA, and these patients were at a higher risk of perioperative complications, had longer LOS, and were more likely to be discharged to a sub-acute or inpatient facility. Orthopaedic surgeons should be cognizant of the increased risks and provide proper counseling to MS patients who are candidates for TKA.
Besonders tiefes Ansprechen in der Zweitlinie
Authors: Schmale Ine
Published: March 2018

In der Behandlung des Multiplen Myeloms (MM) hat sich die Therapielandschaft in den letzten Jahren durch die Einführung innovativer Wirksubstanzen entschieden gewandelt. Die Kombination des CD38-Antikörpers Daratumumab (Darzalex®) mit dem Proteasominhibitor Bortezomib (Velcade®) und Dexamethason (DVd) führte in der CASTOR-Studie (DVd vs. Vd) zu einer klinisch relevanten Verbesserung des progressionsfreien Überlebens (PFS). Dies wurde in einer – auf dem ASH 2017 präsentierten – aktualisierten Auswertung bestätigt. CASTOR gehört zu den zwei bisher einzigen Studien, in denen das Erreichen einer MRD-Negativität (minimale Resterkrankung) in der Rezidivsituation des MM erhoben wurde. Die MRD-Negativität ist ein Prädiktor für den Therapieerfolg und assoziiert mit einer Verlängerung des Gesamtüberleben (OS) und des PFS.
Die Möglichkeiten der Schulmedizin gezielt erweitern
Authors: Žatecky Adela
Published: March 2018

Die integrative Medizin baut im Optimalfall auf den diagnostischen und therapeutischen MÖglichkeiten der modernen Schulmedizin auf und erweitert diese um wesentliche Aspekte, betonte Dr. Daniela Paepke, München, auf einem onkologischen Fachpresse-Workshop. Zu einem ganzheitlichen Konzept gehÖrt, dass auch die Komplementärmedizin in die Therapie einbezogen wird, um durch eine Stabilisierung des Immunsystems und der Selbstregulation die Ressourcen der Patienten zu stärken.
Impact of electrosurgical unit mode on post esophageal endoscopic submucosal dissection stricture in an in vivo porcine model
Authors: Tonai Yusuke , Ishihara Ryu , Yamasaki Yasushi , Arao Masamichi , Iwatsubo Taro , Kato Minoru , Suzuki Syo , Hamada Kenta , Shichijo Satoki , Matsuura Noriko , Kanesaka Takashi , Nakahira Hiroko , Yamamoto Sachiko , Akasaka Tomofumi , Hanaoka Noboru , Takeuchi Yoji , Higashino Koji , Uedo Noriya , Tomita Yasuhiko , Iishi Hiroyasu
Published: March 2018

Background and aim Strictures are a major complication of esophageal endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) for superficial esophageal carcinoma. Post ESD, stricture develops during the process of scar formation, which is related to inflammation caused by ESD. We planned a study to evaluate whether certain electrosurgical unit modes could attenuate strictures after esophageal ESD.

Methods A total of 16 ESD, three-quarters of the esophageal circumference, were performed in four live pigs. A ball-tip Flush knife was used for mucosal incision. Submucosal dissection was performed using a Hook knife in monopolar mode and a ball-tip Jet B-knife in bipolar mode. Applied electrosurgical unit modes were FORCED COAG, SWIFT COAG, SPRAY COAG, ENDO CUT in monopolar mode, and FORCED COAG in bipolar mode. One month after ESD, the pigs were killed humanely and the severity of strictures and fibrosis was assessed.

Results The resected site in the esophagus showed complete mucosal regrowth and scar formation in all pigs. The quotients of stricture following ENDO CUT, SWIFT COAG, FORCED COAG effect2, FORCED COAG effect3, FORCED COAG effect4, SPRAY COAG, and Bipolar FORCED COAG mode were 16 %, 28 %, 38 %, 33 %, 51 %, 39 %, and 47 %, respectively. The equivalent quotients of fibrosis were 7 %, 28 %, 31 %, 30 %, 35 %, 63 %, and 100 %, respectively. ENDO CUT mode was associated with the lowest mean quotients of stricture and fibrosis.

Conclusion ENDO CUT mode showed promising results to attenuate fibrosis and strictures after esophageal ESD.
Presentation of Original Research at the European Congress of Radiology 2010: Frequency of Publication in Medline-Indexed Journals Within 5 Years After Presentation
Authors: Dollinger Marco , Zeman Florian , Müller-Wille René , Beyer Lukas , Stroszczynski Christian , Bley Thorsten , Wiggermann Philipp
Published: March 2018

Objectives To determine the rate at which original studies presented orally at the European Congress of Radiology (ECR) 2010 were published in Medline-indexed journals and to identify factors predictive of publication.

Methods A total of 869 abstracts were included in the study. A Medline search of articles published between March 2010 and February 2015 was conducted to identify articles written by the first, second, and/or last authors of all abstracts published in the Scientific Program of ECR 2010. The publication year, journal, country of origin, subspecialty and nature of the research (i. e., human, animal or technical) were recorded.

Results Between March 2010 and February 2015 a total of 450 abstracts (publication rate, 51.8 %) were subsequently published in 125 Medline-indexed journals, chiefly in European Radiology (11.1 %). 443/450 (98.4 %) articles were published in English language. The subspecialties of molecular imaging and cardiac imaging had the highest publication rates (75.0 % and 62.0 %, respectively), while computer application studies had the lowest (27.6 %). The nature of research, origin of the abstract and subspecialty significantly influenced the subsequent publication rate.

Conclusion More than half of the original studies presented orally at ECR 2010 were subsequently published in Medline-indexed journals. More articles were published in the journal European Radiology than in any other identified journal.

Key Points: 

Citation Format
Inanspruchnahme und Versorgungslücken in der Frühintervention und -behandlung: Nehmen junge Erwachsene mit Migrationshintergrund ein spezialisiertes Frühinterventionsangebot für psychotische Störungen an?
Authors: Zarafonitis-Müller Susanna , Leopold Karolina , Batra Marcel , Kallenbach Michèle , Burkhardt Eva , Jäckel Dorothea , Bechdolf Andreas
Published: March 2018

Ziel der Studie Charakteristika von Patienten mit und ohne Migrationshintergrund des Frühinterventions- und Therapiezentrums (FRITZ) für junge Erwachsene mit Psychosen zu untersuchen.

Methodik Soziodemografische und klinische Daten wurden retrospektiv erhoben (N = 110).

Ergebnisse Patienten mit Migrationshintergrund waren nicht unterrepräsentiert und verfügten über höhere soziale Adaption, jedoch geringere Krankheitseinsicht. Sie nahmen weniger stationäre Behandlungen in Anspruch.

Schlussfolgerung Das FRITZ wird sowohl von Patienten mit als auch ohne Migrationshintergrund positiv angenommen.
Effectiveness and safety of endoscopic radial incision and cutting for severe benign anastomotic stenosis after surgery for colorectal carcinoma: a three-case series
Authors: Asayama Naoki , Nagata Shinji , Shigita Kenjiro , Aoyama Taiki , Fukumoto Akira , Mukai Shinichi
Published: March 2018

Benign colonic anastomotic stenosis sometimes occurs after surgical resection and usually requires surgical or endoscopic dilation. Limited data are available on the effectiveness and safety of the endoscopic radial incision and cutting (RIC) method at sites other than the esophagus. The aim of this retrospective study was to investigate the effectiveness and safety of RIC dilation for severe benign anastomotic colonic stenosis. Subjects were 3 men (median age 72 years, range 65 – 76 years) who developed severe benign anastomotic stenosis after surgical resection for colorectal carcinoma and were subsequently treated by RIC dilation at Hiroshima City Asa Citizens Hospital between May 2014 and December 2016. Severe anastomotic stenosis was defined as a narrowed anastomosis through which a standard colonoscope could not be passed. The median interval from surgery to RIC was 21 months (range 9 – 29 months). RIC was successful in all 3 patients and reduced the severity of dyschezia postoperatively; 2 patients experienced improvement after a single RIC session and the other after 6 RIC sessions. No treatment-related adverse events or re-stenosis requiring repeat dilation was noted during a median follow-up of 27 months (range 8 – 37 months). Our findings indicate that the RIC technique can be applied safely and effectively to various sites in the colon, avoiding the need for reoperation.
A change in sign brings a sign of change for spin-current devices
Authors: Majors J. H.
Published: March 2018

An external bias voltage flips magnetoconductance in a ferromagnetic semiconductor spin diode and reveals band structure characteristics of the thin film component.
Breaking ties that bind biomolecules brings a surprising jump
Authors: Fillmore Randolph
Published: March 2018

Investigating how cell adhesion complexes rupture, researchers discover a new mechanism involving an abrupt shift between two brittle states.
The classification of generalized Riemann derivatives
Authors: Ash J. , Catoiu Stefan , Chin William
Published: March 2018

A generalized

n
n

th Riemann derivative of a real function

f
f

at

x
x

is given by
\[
<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="limit Underscript h right-arrow 0 Endscripts StartFraction 1 Over h Superscript n Baseline EndFraction sigma-summation Underscript i equals 1 Overscript m Endscripts upper A Subscript i Baseline f left-parenthesis x plus a Subscript i Baseline h right-parenthesis period">

lim

h
→
0

1

h
n

∑

i
=
1

m

A

i

f
(
x
+

a

i

h
)
.

\lim _{h\rightarrow 0}\frac 1{h^n} \sum _{i=1}^{m}A_{i}f(x+a_{i}h).

\]
The above sum

Δ

A

\Delta _{\mathcal {A}}

is called an

n
n

th generalized Riemann difference. The data vector

A

=
{

A
1

,
…
,

A
m

;

a
1

,
…
,

a
m

}

\mathcal {A}=\{A_1,\ldots ,A_m;a_1,\ldots ,a_m\}

satisfies suitable conditions that make the limit agree with

f

(
n
)

(
x
)

f^{(n)}(x)

whenever this exists. We explain the underlying reason for a surprising relationship between certain generalized

n
n

th Riemann derivatives recently discovered by Ash, Catoiu, and Csörnyei. We characterize all pairs

(

Δ

A

,

Δ

B

)

(\Delta _{\mathcal {A}},\Delta _{\mathcal {B}})

of generalized Riemann differences of any orders for which

A

\mathcal {A}

-differentiability implies

B

\mathcal {B}

-differentiability. Two generalized Riemann derivatives

A

\mathcal {A}

and

B

\mathcal {B}

are equivalent if a function has a derivative in the sense of

A

\mathcal {A}

at a real number

x
x

if and only if it has a derivative in the sense of

B

\mathcal {B}

at

x
x

. We determine the equivalence classes for this equivalence relation. The classification of these by now classical objects of real analysis was made possible by using a less known and less studied notion from algebra, the group algebra of the multiplicative group

R

+

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A newly characterized vacuolar serine carboxypeptidase, Atg42/Ybr139w, is required for normal vacuole function and the terminal steps of autophagy in the yeastSaccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Parzych Katherine R. , Ariosa Aileen , Mari Muriel , Klionsky Daniel J.
Published: March 2018

Macroautophagy (hereafter autophagy) is a cellular recycling pathway essential for cell survival during nutrient deprivation that culminates in the degradation of cargo within the vacuole in yeast and the lysosome in mammals, followed by efflux of the resultant macromolecules back into the cytosol. The yeast vacuole is home to many different hydrolytic proteins and while few have established roles in autophagy, the involvement of others remains unclear. The vacuolar serine carboxypeptidase Y (Prc1) has not been previously shown to have a role in vacuolar zymogen activation and has not been directly implicated in the terminal degradation steps of autophagy. Through a combination of molecular genetic, cell biological, and biochemical approaches, we have shown that Prc1 has a functional homologue, Ybr139w, and that cells deficient in both Prc1 and Ybr139w have defects in autophagy-dependent protein synthesis, vacuolar zymogen activation, and autophagic body breakdown. Thus, we have demonstrated that Ybr139w and Prc1 have important roles in proteolytic processing in the vacuole and the terminal steps of autophagy.
The I1 dynein-associated tether and tether head complex is a conserved regulator of ciliary motility
Authors: Fu Gang , Wang Qian , Phan Nhan , Urbanska Paulina , Joachimiak Ewa , Lin Jianfeng , Wloga Dorota , Nicastro Daniela
Published: March 2018

Motile cilia are essential for propelling cells and moving fluids across tissues. The activity of axonemal dynein motors must be precisely coordinated to generate ciliary motility, but their regulatory mechanisms are not well understood. The tether and tether head (T/TH) complex was hypothesized to provide mechanical feedback during ciliary beating because it links the motor domains of the regulatory I1 dynein to the ciliary doublet microtubule. Combining genetic and biochemical approaches with cryoelectron tomography, we identified FAP44 and FAP43 (plus the algae-specific, FAP43-redundant FAP244) as T/TH components. WT-mutant comparisons revealed that the heterodimeric T/TH complex is required for the positional stability of the I1 dynein motor domains, stable anchoring of CK1 kinase, and proper phosphorylation of the regulatory IC138-subunit. T/TH also interacts with inner dynein arm d and radial spoke 3, another important motility regulator. The T/TH complex is a conserved regulator of I1 dynein and plays an important role in the signaling pathway that is critical for normal ciliary motility.
Combining solar power with coal-fired power plants, or cofiring natural gas
Authors: Mills Stephen
Published: March 2018

Coal-fired power operators continue to look for ways to increase the efficiency and extend the working lives of their plants by improving operational flexibility and reducing environmental impact. Two possible options are explored here: combining solar energy with coal-fired power generation, and cofiring natural gas in coal-fired plants. Both techniques show potential. Depending on the individual circumstances, both can increase the flexibility of a power plant whilst reducing its emissions. In some cases, plant costs could also be reduced. Clearly, any solar-based system is limited geographically to locations that receive consistently high levels of solar radiation. Similarly, although many coal-fired plants already burn limited amounts of gas alongside their coal feed, for cofiring at a significant level, a reliable, affordable supply of natural gas is needed. This is not the case everywhere. But for each technology, there are niche and mainstream locations where the criteria can be met. The need for good solar radiation means that the uptake of coal-solar hybrids will be limited. Cofiring natural gas has wider potential: currently, the largest near-term market appears to be for application to existing coal-fired plants in the USA. However, where gas is available and affordable, potential markets also exist in some other countries.
CO2-induced destabilization of pyrite-structured FeO2Hx in the lower mantle
Authors: Boulard Eglantine , Guyot François , Menguy Nicolas , Corgne Alexandre , Auzende Anne-Line , Perrillat Jean-Philippe , Fiquet Guillaume
Published: March 2018

Volatiles, such as carbon and water, modulate the Earth's mantle rheology, partial melting and redox state, thereby playing a crucial role in the Earth's internal dynamics. We experimentally show the transformation of goethite FeOOH in the presence of CO2 into a tetrahedral carbonate phase, Fe4C3O12, at conditions above 107 GPa—2300 K. At temperatures below 2300 K, no interactions are evidenced between goethite and CO2, and instead a pyrite-structured FeO2Hx is formed as recently reported by Hu et al. (2016; 2017) and Nishi et al. (2017). The interpretation is that, above a critical temperature, FeO2Hx reacts with CO2 and H2, yielding Fe4C3O12 and H2O. Our findings provide strong support for the stability of carbon-oxygen-bearing phases at lower-mantle conditions. In both subducting slabs and lower-mantle lithologies, the tetrahedral carbonate Fe4C3O12 would replace the pyrite-structured FeO2Hx through carbonation of these phases. This reaction provides a new mechanism for hydrogen release as H2O within the deep lower mantle. Our study shows that the deep carbon and hydrogen cycles may be more complex than previously thought, as they strongly depend on the control exerted by local mineralogical and chemical environments on the CO2 and H2 thermodynamic activities.
Native American Religions in the Twentieth Century
Authors: Tarango Angela
Published: March 2018

This chapter discusses Native American religions in the twentieth century and major figures and themes including: the Pueblo Dance Controversy, the Indian New Deal, John Collier and the restructuring of the Bureau of Indian Affairs, the Native American Church, Native American Pentecostalism, the American Indian Movement, the work of Vine Deloria Jr., the Native American Graves and Repatriation Act, issues surrounding sacred land, and the court case of Employment Division v. Smith. In recent years, the study of native religions shifted from being understood in white “Western” terms to something now studied from the native point of view. Scholarship has shifted toward privileging native understandings of sovereignty, political engagement, sexuality, space, land, time, and religious belief. Despite the fact that their religious freedoms were rarely protected, native peoples found new ways to defend against white encroachment on their sacred traditions and made their voices heard within traditionally white institutions of power.
Orientalism in Nineteenth-Century America
Authors: Altman Michael J.
Published: March 2018

During the nineteenth century, Americans encountered Asia through a number of exchanges. Drawing on the work of Edward Said, this chapter surveys the development of American Orientalism across three areas: academic Orientalism, representative Orientalism, and Orientalist discourses of power. Academic Orientalism first developed in the United States as the work of British Orientalists in India filtered into the country. Later, Americans such as William D. Whitney placed American Orientalism on par with its European competitors. Meanwhile, Ralph Waldo Emerson, Henry David Thoreau, imagined Asia as a land of Oriental mysticism and contemplation in contrast to American materialism and reason. Finally, the World’s Parliament of Religion in 1893 used representations of the Orient to bolster claims of American cultural supremacy. Through all of these examples, Orientalism collapsed the line between religion and race such that the Orient always represented racial and religious inferiority to white Christian America.
African American Religions in the Nineteenth Century
Authors: Clark Emily Suzanne
Published: March 2018

The typical story of African American religions narrates the development and power of the Protestant black church, but shifting the focus to the long nineteenth century can reorient the significance of the story. The nineteenth century saw the boom of Christian conversions among African Americans, but it also was a century of religious diversity. All forms of African American religion frequently pushed against the dominance of whiteness. This included the harming and cursing element of Conjure and southern hoodoo, the casting of slaves as Old Israel awaiting their exodus from bondage, the communications between the spirit of Abraham Lincoln and Afro-Creoles in New Orleans, and the push for autonomy and leadership by Richard Allen and the rest of the African Methodist Episcopal Church. While many studies of African American religions in the nineteenth century overwhelmingly focus on Protestantism, this is only part of the story.
Religion and Race in the Greater South, 1500–1800
Authors: Goetz Rebecca Anne
Published: March 2018

This chapter examines Roman Catholic and Protestant race-making in the colonial South and Caribbean. Religion was both a site for defining race and resisting racial definition. Protestants and Catholics held similar ideas about the exclusive rightness of their religious beliefs, and both groups sought to convert enslaved Africans and indigenous people. Enslaved Africans and indigenous people used Christianity to resist enslavement and other European abuses, though enslaved Africans retained their own beliefs as well. In the seventeenth- and eighteenth-century South and in the Caribbean, race and religion were categories that Europeans had to strive to create and recreate. Religion proved a crucial component in defining and making race.
Race, Gender, and the Hawaiian Islands Mission
Authors: Thigpen Jennifer
Published: March 2018

The American missionaries and their wives who traveled to the Hawaiian Islands beginning in the 1820s arrived with a strict set of ideas about the supposedly different and inherent capacities of men and women. These views, consistent with nineteenth-century attitudes about gender, also drew strong support from the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions, which provided clear instructions for the roles that men and women could play in the mission field. Yet, missionaries’ assumptions about and interactions with Hawaiians came into conflict with missionary concepts about the immutability of gender. Missionaries and their wives relied on a conversion strategy that stressed Hawaiian conformity to New-England style gender roles. In seeking to remake Hawaiians in their own image, missionaries focused on the most private and intimate aspects of Hawaiian life. This approach took hold in the wider foreign mission movement, providing a blueprint for American missionary efforts around the globe.
Introduction
Authors: Harvey Paul , Gin Lum Kathryn
Published: March 2018

In June 2015, Dylann Roof murdered nine members of Charleston’s Emanuel African Methodist Episcopal Church. The Introduction to The Oxford Handbook of Religion and Race in American History offers a theoretical and historical overview of the interdependencies of religion and race in America to unpack the religious roots of racial violence, such as occurred in Charleston, and the religious underpinnings of antiracist resistance. This overview also shows how ideas about race have shaped the category of religion itself, helping to define what counts as protectable under the First Amendment, and what does not. Finally, the Introduction explains the organization of the Handbook and provides summaries of the essays therein. The first part of the Handbook offers theoretical and topical overviews, from analyses of key terms and intersections to chapters focused on particular traditions across American history. The second part of the Handbook provides chronologically contained accounts of specific historical periods.
Migration and Modern Religious Pluralism
Authors: Borja Melissa
Published: March 2018

In the second half of the twentieth century, the United States enacted major changes in immigration policy that, in turn, produced dramatic changes in the ethno-racial and religious makeup of the American population. Especially after 1965, unprecedented numbers of Muslims, Hindus, Buddhists, animists, and ancestor-worshippers migrated to the United States, as did Asian, African, and Latino Christians who introduced new cultural diversity to American churches. During the same period, ideology of pluralism gained currency, and Americans revised their understanding of what it means to pursue harmonious relations across lines of religious difference. Ideas and practices of pluralism not only adjusted to these new conditions but also powerfully reshaped both secular and religious institutions in the United States in the process. However, despite the public embrace of pluralism, recent developments have made clear that aspirations of religious freedom and interfaith harmony have been more difficult to put into practice than many people have expected.
Religion, Race, and Humanism
Authors: Pinn Anthony B.
Published: March 2018

This chapter explores the history of humanism within African American communities. It positions humanist thinking and humanism-inspired activism as a significant way in which people of African descent in the United States have addressed issues of racial injustice. Beginning with critiques of theism found within the blues, moving through developments such as the literature produced by Richard Wright, Lorraine Hansberry, and others, to political activists such as W. E. B. DuBois and A. Philip Randolph, to organized humanism in the form of African American involvement in the Unitarian Universalist Association, African Americans for Humanism, and so on, this chapter presents the historical and institutional development of African American humanism.