bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Indirect Inguinal Hernia Management: Darn Repair for Recurrence Rate
Authors: Subhan Fazli , Haroon Yousaf , Rana Nauman Anwar , Sial Capt. Ihsanullah , Sadiq Ch Tanveer , Shaikh Kauser
Published: March 2022

Objective: Aim of current is to determine the efficacy of darn repair technique in the management of indirect inguinal hernia in terms of complications and recurrence rate among patients. Study Design: Prospective study Place and Duration: The study was conducted at Surgery department of Combined Military Hospital, Sargodha and DHQ Hospital, KharBajaur during the period from January 2021 to June 2021. Methods: There were sixty males who had indirect inguinal hernia included in this study. Included patients had age between 18-80 years. After receiving informed written agreement, the demographics of enrolled patients were recorded, including age, BMI, and side of hernia. All the patients were treated with darning method. Post-operative complications, hospital stay and recurrence rate among patients were assessed. We used the SPSS 24.0 version to analyze all data. Results: Among 60 cases, 10 (16.7%) were aged between 18-30 years, 12 (20%) patients were from age group 31-40 years and most of the patients 38 (63.3%) had age >40 years. We found most of the cases had right side hernia 34 (56.7%), 20 (33.3%) cases had left and bilateral cases were 6 (10%). Majority of the cases had reducible hernia 48 (80%) and emergency treatment was given to irreducible cases 12 (20%). General anesthesia was mostly used among 44 (73.3%) cases. The mean operative time was 55.3±9.43 minutes and mean hospitalization was 30.3±7.33 hours. We found recurrence rate only among 2 (3.3%) cases and frequency of complications were 8 (13.3%). Conclusion: We concluded in this study that darning method for the management of indirect inguinal hernia is effective and useful in terms of less post-operative complications and recurrence rate. Keywords: Inguinal Hernia, Darn Method, Anesthesia, Complications, Recurrence Rate
Modernización del departamento de orientación y convivencia escolar a través del uso de las tics
Authors: Valdés Lenka Ana María Arellano , Bris Mario Martin
Published: March 2022

La presente investigación pretende ser un aporte a la mejora de los procesos de Gestión en el área de Orientación (Consejería) llevados a cabo en el (Centro Educacional Municipal Mariano Latorre) del sector Sur de Santiago de Chile. La metodología ideada para esta investigación responde a un estudio exploratorio, descriptivo bajo la mirada de un paradigma emergente, para  ello se ha diseñado un  trabajo de campo orientado a dar respuesta  a la pregunta de investigación ¿Cuál es el mecanismo de gestión que utilizan los profesionales del departamento de Orientación y Convivencia Escolar en el servicio de consejería  que realizan para una deliberación efectiva  y eficiente entre los docentes en torno a  diferentes  problemáticas que atingen a los estudiantes de toda la comunidad  escolar?. Al finalizar dicha investigación se percibe claramente que los procesos de gestión realizados en forma manual por los profesionales, se dificulta debido al gran cúmulo de papelería archivada,  producto de las diferentes atenciones realizadas a  estudiantes, docentes y/o padres apoderados del centro educativo; problematizando la entrega oportuna de información solicitada por diferentes estamentos para la reflexión en torno a las atenciones de casos  realizadas a través del servicio de consejería realizada por dicha unidad estamental.
“A chiare lettere – Confronti” • Ancora sul legislatore paziente o impaziente
Authors: Boni Geraldina
Published: March 2022

1 - Recentemente, prendendo spunto dalla mia ultima monografia in cui enumero ed esamino criticamente una significativa ‘campionatura’ tra i copiosissimi provvedimenti normativi di papa Francesco, è insorto - sulle pagine di una rinomata rivista - un garbato e acuto confronto dialettico tra due colleghi in ordine al tema se il romano pontefice regnante sia un legislatore ‘paziente’ o piuttosto alquanto ‘impaziente’. Proprio sulla base dei dati oggettivi relativi specie alla produzione legislativa e alle ‘modalità’ con cui sono concretamente perseguiti gli ‘intenti riformatori del pontificato’ descritti nella mia rassegna (corredata, d’altronde, della citazione di numerose e puntuali analisi dottrinali), si è sostenuto, infatti, come sia assai arduo perorare che l’immagine restituitaci del legislatore supremo risulti quella di “un saggio cunctator (temporeggiatore)”, artefice “del metodo del discernimento e della gradualità”, secondo quanto, con la consueta perspicuità, argomenta Salvatore Berlingò. (segue)

Still on the patient or impatient legislator

ABSTRACT: A brief comment on the recent Motu Proprio that was promulgated by Pope Francis - with which a Commission is established in order to verify the application in Italy of the reform of the canonical process regarding the nullity of marriage - offers the opportunity to express an opinion in the debate that has arisen between two illustrious colleagues about the figure of the reigning Roman Pontiff as supreme legislator.
Diálogo interreligioso y gobernanza ciudadana
Authors: Amérigo Fernando
Published: March 2022

SUMARIO: 1. Introducción- 2. La problemática de las identidades – 3. El diálogo interreligioso como instrumento para la consecución de la convivencia pacífica y su promoción por el Estado -4. Diálogo interreligioso y gobernanza ciudadana.

Interreligious dialogue and citizen governance

ABSTRACT: The 21st century has been characterized by the emergence of identity issues. The invocation of identity in a globalized world is on the agenda of all research centers and has generated a huge intellectual and political debate. Many of the conflicts that plague the contemporary world are based on identity. Exclusionary identitarianism, whether of a religious, ethnic or nationalist nature, has taken root in many societies. They are, as the writer Amin Maalouf called them, the "killer identities", exclusionary identities based on two fundamental concepts: the conception of an identity as unique, all-embracing of the individual, and the thesis of the scapegoat. The fight against these initiatives is complex and requires different instruments. One of these instruments, in the case of radicalized religious identities, could be the promotion by the public authorities of interreligious dialogue. These initiatives would be inserted in the new concept of governance and Open Government, which encourages citizen participation in the development of public policies. The current research formulates a proposal for the application of interreligious dialogue at the municipal level as a mechanism to combat religious radicalization and exclusionary identitarianism in the search for more plural and peaceful societies.
Finding the Origin of a modern, secular, and materialistic World
Authors: Garske Joseph
Published: March 2022

SUMMARY: 1. The relevant Past - 2. Protest and Print - 3. The ramist Answer - 4. Modern Minds - Two Foundations.

ABSTRACT: In the global age the modern Western, secular, and material way of understanding human existence is generally accepted to provide the norm by which every alternative view is evaluated. It is the standard against which all other ways of thinking are judged. It is the accepted basis on which entire systems of law, forms of government, methods of education, and a modern way of life is extended across every region and people of the earth. Viewed historically, however, the fact that such a way of understanding should become the norm is quite ironic. Despite the predominance of this mode of thought in the present age, as far as can be determined, nearly all people who have ever lived on the earth, until very recent times, have lived according to principles and values that not only included the rational and material ways of understanding but combined them with a religious, sacred, or miraculous aspect as well. In fact, the peoples of the West were once uniformly of this mentality - and many remain so. Moreover, it was not until a great transformation began to take place, beginning around 1600 that the modern secular and materialistic way of understanding came to provide the basic premise for a Western way of life in which religious belief and spirituality survived, but mostly in an instrumental or subordinated role. The story of how this new Method of understanding - premised on Thought rather than Being, Fact rather than Truth, Empirical and Rational, rather than a fully human way of apprehending - involves three pivotal figures: Francis Bacon, Rene Descartes, and especially, Peter Ramus (Pierre de La Ramee). Following on these men an architecture of the modern mind - what Foucault called an episteme - is coming to predominate among a global population. It is a way of thinking based on some combination of their teachings. To understand how and why this occurred is to understand how and why the sacred or miraculous dimension of human existence lay outside a paradigm that shapes the global age.
Gli enti religiosi tra diritto comune e diritto speciale
Authors: Licastro Angelo
Published: March 2022

SOMMARIO: 1. Gli elementi costitutivi della nozione di “ente ecclesiastico” e la “specialità” della relativa figura - 2. La (relativa) rigidità della componente strutturale - 3. La debole capacità connotativa della componente teleologica - 4. Il superamento del carattere marginale e controllato dello svolgimento delle attività “diverse” - 5. Su alcune criticità nei rapporti tra diritto “comune” e diritto “speciale”: a) la questione dell’applicabilità agli enti ecclesiastici del decreto legislativo n. 231 del 2001 - 6. (segue) b) la questione dell’assoggettabilità degli enti ecclesiastici alle procedure concorsuali - 7. (segue) c) la questione delle divergenze risultanti dal Registro delle persone giuridiche e dal Registro delle imprese - 8. Il limitato carattere innovativo della locuzione “enti religiosi civilmente riconosciuti” presente nella normativa sul Terzo settore. Notazioni finali.

The Religious Bodies Between General Law and Special Legislation

ABSTRACT: The present paper analyses some problematic issues concerning the legal status of “Ecclesiastical” or “Religious” Bodies. The Author underlines the growing expansion of the “not-religious” activities - such as social services, education, health care - carried out by Church Bodies and its consequences for the special features shaping an “Ecclesiastical Body”.
Il caso dell’aborto: una buccia di banana per la SCOTUS?
Authors: Grande Elisabetta
Published: March 2022

SOMMARIO: 1. La questione dell’aborto e la perdita di credibilità della Corte Suprema statunitense - 2. Una tempesta perfetta? - 3. La partita della fiducia.

The case of abortion: a slippery slope for SCOTUS?

ABSTRACT: The case of the right of abortion in the United States is going to represent much more than a mere legal question. The upcoming decision of the Supreme Court of the United States (SCOTUS) on the matter involves its own credibility as a third party institution in a check and balance system where the SCOTUS is increasingly perceived as a political player. In this paper the A. tries to explore why it is so.
Drug Carriers
Authors: EZEGBE CHEKWUBE , Umeh Ogechukwu , Ofoefule Sabinus
Published: March 2022

In recent years, there has been an exponential interest in the development of novel drug delivery systems using drug carriers. Drug carriers offer significant advantages over the conventional drug delivery systems in terms of high stability, high specificity, high drug loading capacity, controlled release of drug and ability to deliver both hydrophilic and hydrophobic drugs. As a result of their unique behaviors, drug carriers have a wide range of biomedical and industrial applications. Nanospheres are associated with a lot of benefits such as ease of administration to target sites, reduction in toxicity level and ease of passage via the capillary vessels. Hydrogel nanoparticles are useful in the treatment of inflammatory diseases, as bioresponsive hydrogels in drug delivery system and as a carrier in controlled drug delivery system.  Carbon nanotubes have a large surface area which has the ability to adsorb or conjugate with a wide variety of therapeutic and diagnostic agents. They are useful in the areas of gene delivery, tissue regeneration and biosensor diagnosis. Liposomes are known to target a drug to a specific site. They entrap drugs which are released for subsequent absorption. They are used to achieve active targeting, increase efficacy and therapeutic index of drugs. Niosomes improve the solubility and oral bioavailability of poorly soluble drugs. They protect drugs from biological environment, increase the stability of entrapped drugs and they can easily reach the site of action. Aquasomes are nanoparticulate carriers that can be characterized for structural analysis. They preserve conformational integrity and biochemical stability of drugs. Ethosomes are noninvasive delivery carriers that enable drugs to reach the deep skin layers and the systemic circulation.  They contain phospholipids which could be in form of phosphatidyl choline (PC), hydrogenated PC, phosphatidic acid (PA), Phosphatidyl serine (PS) and phosphatidyl inositol (PI). Ethosomes are known to increase skin permeation of drugs, improve biological activity and pharmacodynamics profile of drugs. This review aims to emphasize the importance of drug carriers in drug delivery system, and applications of drug carriers in various areas of research, technology and treatment.
Ex-Situ Conservation and uses of Cyathea Gigantea (Wall. Ex Hook.) Holtt. – A Rare and Endangered Terrestrial Fern
Authors: Meitei Laishram , Rabha N.
Published: March 2022

Cyathea gigantea (Wall. ex Hook.) Holtt. is a rare and endangered terrestrial fern. Also this fern species have economic, food and medicinal uses. So, it is of high importance to conserve and protect it. It is successfully conserved ex-situ at Experimental Botanic Garden, Botanical Survey of India, Eastern Regional Centre, Umiam (Barapani), Meghalaya.
A Study on the Genetic base of Apple Mint (Mentha Rotundifolia L. (Huds.) in South India
Authors: Kunhalavi M. , Radhakrishnan V. , Mohanan K.
Published: March 2022

Variability and diversity of Mentha rotundifolia L. (Huds.), an economically important aromatic culinary herb was analyzed based on observations on nine salient growth characters recorded from 37 accessions of the species collected from various locations of its traditional growing areas in Tamil Nadu and Karnataka. Among the nine characters studied, only two characters such as shoot weight and internodal length showed statistically significant variation between the accessions. Other attributes like plant height, number of primary branches, number of nodes, number of leaves, leaf length, leaf breadth and leaf area did not vary significantly between the accessions. Such non significant variability with respect to majority of the morphological characters indicates the narrow genetic base of the species in its traditional area of cultivation and the possible threat of the crop becoming incapable of overcoming biotic and abiotic stresses and change in climatic conditions.
The southwest monsoon over the subcontinent of India) Pakistan and Bangladesh-A survey
Authors: HUQ M. S.
Published: March 2022

A synoptic study of the southwest monsoon over the subcontinent of India, Pakistan and Bangladesh has been made for 10 years and a study of different literatures on the subject has also been made. Efforts have been made in this paper to describe, in brief, the widely accepted ideas and some proposed ideas on the subject under the headings: (1) Meaning, causes and burst of the monsoon, (2) Climatological features of the monsoon over the subcontinent- Major wind and temperature systems, (3) Synoptic features of the monsoon over the subcontinent-Heat low, orographic effects, the monsoon trough, easterly waves, monsoon depressions and storms, (4) Cloud information furnished by Radar and Meteorological Satellites during the monsoon, (5) Variability of the monsoon, (6) Forecasting problems during the southwest monsoon of the subcontinent-Forecasting the onset of the monsoon, heavy /very heavy rainfall, persistent monsoon activity with light to moderate rain, breaks in the monsoon, withdrawal of the monsoon, (7) Medium-range and long-range forecast of monsoon rain over the subcontinent and (8) Concluding remarks-Some notable features of the monsoon of the subcontinent.

A few maps, figures and diagrams have been appended to make the paper self-explaining various observed and proposed meteorological conditions of the atmosphere.
A numerical study of time-mean northern summer monsoon with steady and fluctuating heating
Authors: CHANG C. P. , PENTIMONTI R. J.
Published: March 2022

In a study of the planetary-scale vorticity budget of the northern summer monsoon, Holton and Colton (1973) found that a strong vorticity sink is needed to balance the generation by horizontal divergence at 200 mb. In this work we use numerical experiments to examine the hypothesis that the fluctuation of the divergence forcing as  observed by several studies serves as this sink. A 3-1evel numerical model is used with the thermal forcing specified  by the horizontal divergence distribution observed by Krishnamurti (1971). Two experiments are carried out, one with  heating steady in time and the other fluctuating in time with a period of 10 days. The time-mean fields of the quasi-steady state solution in both experiments show a significant westward phase shirt of the Tibetan high, thus the fluctuation of heating cannot be a sufficient sink. On the other hand, the positions of the simulated tropical upper tropospheric troughs agree quite well with those observed. This suggests that damping due to cumulus transport is more likely to account for the vorticity sink. Transient wave activities are also found at the upper level in both experiments. They appear to be drawing energy from the planetary-scale flow and could serve as a vorticity sink. These waves are most active in the fluctuating heating case, suggesting that local barotropic instability at upper levels may be more important than that implied by the time-meanwind.
Lateral effects on monsoon systems
Authors: WEBSTER PETER J.
Published: March 2022

A theoretical study of the interaction or remote effects on the monsoon system is described. Such effects, in particular the cross-equatorial influence of the rapidly evolving southern hemisphere equinoctial circulation in the late northern hemisphere spring and again in the fall, have been speculated from observation.

To study such interaction, a primitive barotropic model is developed which contains a basic flow in  the equatorial regions which is a function of both latitude and longitude. Such a flow contains the influence of the large-scale stationary eddies of low-latitudes which has the effect of producing a' 'critical latitude" that is also a function of both longitude and latitude, In this manner equatorward propagating energy from mid-latitude disturbances has the opportunity to propagate through the equatorial regions and thus modify the basic structure of the monsoon regime.
Effects of air-land thermal interaction on the energetics of planetary boundary layer over NW India
Authors: LAL M.
Published: March 2022

A one dimensional boundary layer model has been used to investigate the influence of solar radiation and the large diurnal variation of surface temperature on the low-level turbulence in the atmosphere over NW India. The model is based on Eulerian conservation equations for momentum, heat, moisture and pollutants and is capable of examining the transport and diffusion processes in the atmospheric boundary layer. The simulation experiment has been conducted for a period of 48 hours based on initial set of meteorological observations collected during 24-26 April 1966 at New Delhi in NW India and the model results of vertical structure of the atmospheric boundary layer and the turbulent heat fluxes at the interface are discussed in this paper.
Study of the influence of surface energy budget of north Indian' Ocean on the behaviour of Indian summer monsoon
Authors: RAO R. R. , SOMANADHAM S.V. S. , NIZAMUDDIN SYED
Published: March 2022

The probable influence of the fluctuations in the energy budget of north Indian Oceanic surface on the general behaviour of Indian summer monsoon during July is investigated in the present study. Normals of the energy budget components as, monthly heat gain by the ocean, solar radiation absorbed by the ocean and the net infrared radiational exchange at the surface, following Budyko's method, latent heat flux and sensible heat flux, following bulk aerodynamic method during July are evaluated using the available marine climatological data over north Indian Ocean. Deviations of energy budget components from their respective normals during break monsoon period are showing significant differences, which are discussed in terms of the behaviour of the summer monsoon. Charts of energy budget components are presented and the associated features are discussed.
Diagnosis of the radiative heating over the eastern hemisphere in relation to the summer monsoon*
Authors: WINSTON JAY S. , KRUEGER ARTHUR F.
Published: March 2022

Seasonal and monthly global patterns of outgoing longwave radiation, albedo, absorbed solar radiation, and net radiation have been derived from scanning radiometer  bservations aboard the NOAA polar orbiting satellites since June 1974. These patterns, along with patterns of interannual differences, in seasonal and monthly heating, are examined for the two summers of 1975-76 over the eastern hemisphere in relation to the variations in the summer monsoon and the major circulation features. During portions of the summer of 1975 the monsoon was more active than in 1976, as evidenced by increased albedo and decreased longwave radiation over large sections of India, the Indian Ocean, southeast Asia, and the western Pacific. The role of clouds, snow cover, and other surface characteristics in modulating the radiation balance and circulation is discussed. The pre-monsoon radiative heating in spring is examined with respect to monsoon onset and intensity in the two years.
The meridional transport of momentum in the wave number regime during the contrasting monsoon years
Authors: AWADE S. T. , RAO K.S. RAJA , ASNANI G. C.
Published: March 2022

The momentum transport by the standing eddies are computed during a weak monsoon year (1972) and a strong monsoon year (1967) in the wave number regime for the months of April to August in the northern hemisphere at 700 mb and 300 mb levels.
The integrated effect of the first 16-wave numbers considered, indicate a more northward transfer of momentum at 300mb level in a year of a good monsoon than a weak monsoon. The wave numbers 1 and 3 at this level contribute maximum northward transfer in the lower and middle latitudes during the period April to August, whereas the wave number 2 contributes southward transfer in both the years during this period (i.e., April to August).
The comparison of monthly transport at 700 mb level for both the years does not indicate significant difference from each other. Howevey at 300mb level, we find contrast in both the years in wave number regime. The wave numbers 1 to4 are prominent. The wave numbers 1 and 3 are very prominent in the months April and June. The transport by the wave number 3 is very much northward in 1967 than in 1972 during April and June at all the latitudes. The transport is much above normal at 300 mb level in 1967 than in 1972 during April and June.
The mid-tropospheric cyclone: Numerical experimentation
Authors: CARR FREDERICK H.
Published: March 2022

The mid-tropospheric cyclone over the west coast of India has been recognized as playing a major role in producing monsoon rainfall over that region, In this study a real data set is constructed for 1 July 1963 (12 GMT), This initial state represents an early stage in the mid-tropospheric cyclone that was extensively documented by Miller and Keshavamurthy (1968), An x-y-p semi-Lagrangian primitive equation model developed at Florida State University is applied to this data set to make several short-range forecasts, The observed structure of the incipient disturbance indicates that it exists in a favourable dynamic: and thermodynamic environment for development, The forecasts are qualitatively successful, with good rainfall distribution, but the precipitation amounts are too small, In order to develop the kinematic and thermal fields that are quantitatively consistent with the true latent heating rates, a heating function was derived from the observed rainfall totals, The resulting experiments led to more realistic forecasts, as, the mid-tropospheric cyclone intensified as observed, The results of extensive vorticity and energy budget analysis support the hypothesis that the MTC is intensified and maintained by a modified CISK process, in which a cooperative feedback between iarge-scale convergence and convective latent heat release exists without the benefit of a cyclonic Ekman layer.
On the dynamics of monsoon disturbances
Authors: SHUKLA JAGADlSH
Published: March 2022

The dynamics of the disturbances due to the instabilities of horizontally and vertically shearing mean monsoon flow have been studied. The necessary conditions for internal jet instability are satisfied, and a barotropic-baroclinic instability analysis of the observed zonal flow has shown that the fastest growing modes are mainly due to the barotropic instability of the upper level flow. The amplitude of the most unstable mode is confined to the barotropically unstable upper tropospheric levels and the primary energy ccnversion is from the zonal kinetic energy to the eddy kinetic energy. This may explain the occurrence of observed westward moving waves at 200 mb.
In an attempt to explain the formation of the monsoon depressions, the role of the CISK mechanism in conjunction with barotropic-barcclinic instability has teen explored.
 
Instability analysis of vertically shearing zonal flows with prescribed vertical distribution functions for cumulus heating has shown that the horizontal scale, phase speed and structure, of the most unstable made depends upon the choice of the vertical heating distribution function. The horizontal scale of the most unstable made is larger for those distribution functions that  provide heating to the larger vertical depths of the atmosphere.
 
Instability analysis with the quasi-equilibrium assumption (QEA) of Arakawa and Schubert for parameterization of moist convection has shown that in a quiescent atmosphere the growth rate is a maximum for a perturbation of intermediate scale. The vertically integrated net heating is a maximum for the fastest growing mode. It has been shown that a two-layer model is not adequate for study of CISK with QFA parameterization of moist convection. For a two-layer model, the growth rates are infinite for the perturbations whose horizontal scales are proportional to the Rossby radius of deformation. In the presence of vertical shear, the cloud mass flux, as determined by QEA, becomes inversely proportional to the wavelength of the perturbation and the maximum growth rate occurs for the smallest scales.
A combined CISK-barotropic-baroclinic instability analysis of the observed monsoon flow has been performed using the quasi-equilibrium assumption for the parameterization of moist convection. The structure and energetics of the computed linear perturbations are in good agreement with the structure and energetics of the observed monsoon depressions. The results of this study suggest that CISK may provide the primary driving mechanism for the growth of monsoon depressions.
A numerical study of the locally unstable barotropic easterly jet
Authors: TUPAZ J. B. , WILLIAMS R.T. , CHANG C.P.
Published: March 2022

The structure and behaviour of barotropically unstable disturbances in the vicinity of the upper tropospheric easterly jet during the summer monsoon is studied numerically with a linearized barotropic vorticity equation on an equatorial Beta-plane. The easterly jet is approximated by a Bickley jet with a slow zonal variation, and the numerical results are compared with those of a simple theoretical model using the local phase speed and growth rate concepts. In the unstable region the resultant structure of the waves causes a spatial growth greater than that predicted by the local growth rates deduced from a parallel flow model. In the stable region the structure leads to strong dynamic damping. The implications of the removal of planetary scale kinetic energy by the unstable short waves are also discussed.
The planetary boundary layer over the Arabian Sea during the NE monsoon- A numerical study
Authors: LAL M.
Published: March 2022

This paper describes the results of numerical simulation of atmospheric boundary layer over Arabian Sea during NE-Monsoon season. A one-dimensional air-sea interaction model was used to simulate the vertical profiles of momentum, heat and moisture fluxes as well as the interface and near-surface meteorological elements which are important in determining the surface layer energy transports. The in simulation experiments were based on initial data obtained from observations made during February-March 1964 over the eastern part of the Arabian Sea.

The results demonstrate that the model simulated vertical profiles of temperature and wind are in general agreement with observed structure of the atmospheric boundary layer over Arabian Sea. Comparison with observations of sea surface temperature and near-surface wind and humidity shows that the model is capable of realistic simulations. The model results include the vertical profiles of eddy fluxes of sensible heat, moisture and momentum within the atmospheric boundary layer.
On the mean-meridional circulation during the summer and winter monsoon seasons
Authors: RAO M. SANKAR , KUSUMA M. R.
Published: March 2022

Computation of the mean-meridional circulation within the framework of Kuo's model is carried out for the northern hemisphere and for the globe, for winter and summer seasons. It is inferred that the forcing due to beating plays a dominant role as far as the Hadley cell is concerned. From the computation of global mean-meridional circulation it is concluded that the direct effect of southern hemispheric mechanical forcing on the northern hemispheric circulation is not significant. But the thermodynamical forcing has a great influence on the northern hemisphere circulation.
Numerical experiment with primitive equation barotropic model using quasi-Lagrangian advection scheme to predict the movement of monsoon depression and tropical cyclone
Authors: SINGH SHIVA  SAGAR , SAHA KSHUDIRAM
Published: March 2022

A limited-area primitive equation barotropic model using quasi-Lagrangian advection scheme has been integrated upto 48 hours with wind as input to predict the movement of a monsoon depression and a tropical cyclone in the Indian region. The vector error in the forecast of the centre of the monsoon depression is 55 km in 24 hr and 220 km in 48 hr. The cortesponding errors in the case of the tropical cyclone are 0 km and 80 km respectively. Verification statistics for the predicted u and v fields are presented and discussed.
The inclusion of Himalayas in a primitive equation model
Authors: DAS P. K. , DEDI H. S.
Published: March 2022

A regional primitive equation model has been developed for the Indian region. One of the difficulties in this model is caused by large gradients in mountainous regions. To avoid large truncation errors near the edges of mountains, some models evaluated the pressure gradient force on a constant pressure surface, instead of a sigma surface. More recently, phillips (1974) suggested that truncation errors could be reduced by removing the hydrostatic component of the geopotential field, The resiciual geopotential may then be treated as a dependent variable, which could be integrated with respect to time by the model. To be energetically consistent, a temperature field was similarly defined. This paper discusses the scheme for the Himalayan region. Truncation errors by the present scheme are compared with the earlier method. The conversion from sigma to pressure coordinates was carried out by Lagrangian interpolation. Results are presented with these methods to show the development of circulations in 5 days of model time.
Aspects of aridity and drought in the monsoon climate of Sri Lanka
Authors: DOMRED MANFRED
Published: March 2022

Typical of the monsoonal rainfall conditions over Sri Lanka are the remarkable inter-annual and seasonal deficits of water, varying considerably in temporal and spatial aspects. Therefore, both the phenomena of aridity and drought are of great significance from the point of the general monsoon climate of Sri Lanka. This paper investigates the annual and monthly aridity by using the 'aridity index' of De Martonne Lauer (1926/1952) showing the increasing extent of aridity from the S. W. quarter to the N.W./N as well as S.E. of Sri Lanka. On the other hand, drought has been studied by the 'drought index' of Gibbs and Maher (1967) underlining a considerable interannual rainfall variability, being expressed by the incidence of heavily drought-stricken years as well as by the occurrence of completety drought-free years. It is pointed out that drought can be called a typical, however irregular and spatially limited phenomenon in the climate of Sri Lanka. All observations are based on 30-year rainfall data (1931-1960) of monthly and annual figures.
An objective method of weekly rainfall anomaly over central India
Authors: DE U.S. , KESHAVAMURTY R. N. , JOSHI K.S. , VAIDYA D.V. , PILLAI P. V. , CHELLAPA R. , DAS S. K.
Published: March 2022

The present investigation is an attempt to evolve a technique for forecasting weekly rainfall anomaly over central India (east and west Madhya Pradesh and Vidarbha). Composite circulation anomaly charts for conditions antecedent to active and weak monsoon spells were used as guides to pick up parameters of predictive value, like the zonal wind shear over Peninsula in the lower and middle tropospheres. A relationship using contingency technique has been used to prepare a forecast scheme. Testing of the scheme on independent data yields encouraging results.
Quasi-biennial oscillation and summer southwest monsoon
Authors: RAO K. S. RAJA , LAKHOLE N. J.
Published: March 2022

Stratospheric circulation in the height range of 16 to 60 km in the equatorial region, has been studied using the rocket wind data of Thumba.
It is inferred that the quasi-biennial oscillation in the lower and middle stratosphere are out of, phase by six months. The dominant feature in the lower stratosphere is the appearance of the monsoon easterlies during the period June to September. The westerlies or easterlies in the lower stratosphere over the equator extend to about 10°N in the period November to May. In the middle stratosphere, the quasi-biennial oscillation follows a regular alternation of easterlies and westerlies with a downward phase propogation of one km per month, while the quasi-biennial oscillation in the lower stratosphere interacts with the monsoon circulation.
The four possible wind phases W, W IE, E and EIW during March to May in the equatorial lower stratosphere are linked with the onset of southwest monsoon near the normal date and normal rains over India. Appearance of the easterlies in the lower stratosphere over Gan Island in May is an indication of the onset of monsoon over Kerala a month later.
The Berson westerlies are a poleward extension of the equatorial westerlies, rather than a descent from the upper stratosphere. The out of phase relationship between QBO in the lower and middle, stratospheres suggests an interaction between the QBO and monsoon circulation. The phase of the QBO, over the equator appears to give a prior indication of the onset of the southwest monsoon over Kerala and also the rainfall in the central parts of the country.
Forecast five days ahead of the development of low pressure areas -and depressions /storms over the northern part of the Bay of Bengal during the southwest monsoon season
Authors: AHMED M. N.
Published: March 2022

During the months of June, July, August and September, low pressure areas form with some regularity over the north Bay of Bengal. Most of these low pressure areas concentrate into depressions. Some of them even intensify into cyclonic storms. During the period from 1950 to 1975, 289 depressions/storms formed in the Bay. In this period 163 out of these 289 depressions/storms occurred during the S.W. monsoon m()nths June to September. The low pressure areas not reaching the stage of depressions have been left out of this account. The lows formed but not developed upto the stage of depressions have been accounted for the months June to September of the years 1971 to 1975. These lows and the depressions/storms were found occurring at regular intervals. A somewhat periodicity was maintained in their appearance.
Pressure curves showing daily variations of pressure of Chittagong in the months June to September of the years 1971 to 1975 were made. The 0000 GMT mean sea level pressures were taken for the purpose. These curves were found in waveforms. Each wave has .the length, amplitude and period. The maximum and minimum of the pressures, i.e., wave crest and wave trough or the ridge and trough in the wave were found significant in view of the weather the place experienced during the period of the wave. The period of the wave was observed to be about 5 days. In case of a serious abnormality in any cyclonic circulation, the 'period' of. the particular wave was disturbed. The cyclonic circulations developing into lows of pressure and depressions in the Bay fitted fairly satisfactorily in the wave troughs. The coming wave crest and wave trough in the pressure curve may be worked out.
Some measurements on atmospheric gusts during southwest monsoon season in the vicinity of the ground
Authors: NARAYANAN M. A. BADRI
Published: March 2022

During the southwest monsoon of 1976 wind velocities were measured near the vicinity of the ground using an Instrumented gust sphere. Certain definite trends were observed in the amplitude, duration and frequency of the gusts. An order of magnitude on the period of the gusts suggested that the gusts have the same characteristic of the eruptions observed in turbulent boundary layer flows.
Use of stable and radioactive traces for airmass characterisation and application to monsoon studies
Authors: MISHRA U.C. , RANGARAJAN C.
Published: March 2022

Several tracers, natural and man made, can be usefully employed for studying the source region and other characteristics of airmasses constituting the monsoon circulation. These include natural radioactive materials like radon, thoron and their daughter products, man-made radioisotopes like short-lived and long-lived fission products from nuclear explosions, trace elements present in the airmasses, synthetic compounds and devices like high pressure balloons, etc. These tracers have the advantage that integrated effects can be studied over long periods and distances and regions of airmass mixing can be clearly identified. Use has been made of some of these tracers (radon daughters) during Monex-1973 expedition over the Arabian Sea and extensive measurements have also been carried out on fission product levels at a number of countrywide stations for studying monsoon circulation. The results of these studies based on the measurements made at this laboratory and elsewhere have been given to illustrate the role of such tracers. The paper also describes some of the experiments proposed to be carried out during the forthcoming Monex projects, which are expected to give useful information about the monsoon.
VIOLÊNCIA DOMÉSTICA
Authors: Ximenes de Oliveira Antonia Leticia , Paiva de Abreu Leidy Dayane
Published: March 2022

Analisar as consequências da violência doméstica na saúde mental de mulheres acompanhadas pelo Centro de Atenção Psicossocial de um municipio no interior do Ceará. Foi realizada uma pesquisa de campo, do tipo exploratório, abordagem qualitativa, de setembro a novembro de 2020 com mulheres que integram o serviço de saúde mental. A coleta aconteceu de forma alternada, virtual e presencial, tendo em vista as dificuldades postas com a pandemia da COVID-19, contabilizando uma amostra de seis mulheres com idade maior de 18 anos que participam    de grupo terapêutico da instituição e vivenciaram episódios de violência doméstica. A pesquisa seguiu os preceitos éticos n°4.255.824. O estudo evidenciou predominância da violência psicológica, física e sexual. Os sintomas de adoecimento mental encontrados como consequências da violência doméstica foram ansiedade, insônia, baixa estima, síndrome do pânico e comportamentos autoagressivos. Sugerem-se estudos acerca dessa temática, no intuito de promoção do conhecimento, elaboração de estrategias de cuidados, prevenção e minimização de danos relacionados a violência doméstica e incentivo aos investimentos em mecanismos de proteção para as mulheres.
CONFERÊNCIAS FAMILIARES ONLINE
Authors: Gomes Lopes Fernanda , Sabino Paiva Glenda , Holanda Arrais Rebecca , Rocha Barreto Giaxa Renata
Published: March 2022

A pandemia de COVID-19 teve início em dezembro de 2019 e, por seu alto grau de transmissibilidade, demandou uma nova organização dos serviços assistenciais, a partir da incorporação das Tecnologias da Informação e Comunicação (TICs) no cotidiano da assistência em saúde e exigência de diversas adaptações. Diante disso, este artigo tem por objetivo apresentar um relato de experiência acerca da atuação de equipe de saúde com conferências familiares via TICs em um hospital da cidade de Fortaleza, Ceará, no contexto da pandemia de COVID-19, entre março e julho de 2020, entendendo a conferência como intervenção em saúde voltada à comunicação e à tomada de decisão compartilhada. Em suma, a conferência familiar, mediada por TICs, apresentou-se como elemento fundamental na manutenção de vínculos e na assistência à família durante o período de isolamento social rígido. Entretanto, considerando intercorrências próprias da dependência de recursos tecnológicos, destaca-se a importância de um planejamento prévio em que se considere um preparo para o imprevisível, uma investigação dos recursos de tecnologia disponíveis e uma ênfase na elaboração de vínculos entre equipe-família-paciente.
ATENDIMENTOS PSICANALÍTICOS EM URGÊNCIA SUBJETIVA
Authors: Pinheiro Lopes Janara , Mendes Tôrres Tomaz Jerzuí , Maia Cruz Danielle , Cavalcante Teixeira Leônia , Andrade Braga Rocha Bruna Estrela , José Barreira Danziato Leonardo
Published: March 2022

O objetivo deste artigo é analisar o aparato da escuta clínico-institucional em urgência subjetiva nas políticas públicas, a partir de atendimentos psicanalíticos de mulheres, via remota, em situação de violência doméstica em tempos da pandemia de COVID-19. Discute-se um caso clínico paradigmático, inserido no projeto de Pesquisa Intervenção do Laboratório de Estudos sobre Psicanálise, Cultura e Subjetividade (LAEpCUS) da Universidade de Fortaleza (UNIFOR), em parceria com o Núcleo de Enfrentamento à Violência contra a Mulher (NUDEM), vinculado à Defensoria Pública do Estado do Ceará. Problematiza-se a complexidade da violência de gênero, evidenciando as tensões de uma visão dicotômica vítima e agressor. Conclui-se que diante do cenário da pandemia por coronavírus, novas exigências se impuseram no cotidiano, de forma que os atendimentos do dispositivo de urgência subjetiva com mulheres em situação de violência doméstica, tal como ilustrado no caso clínico, vêm permitindo um melhor posicionamento delas diante das situações de vulnerabilidade e risco. As interfaces entre o judiciário e a saúde mental apontam êxitos no que tange ao enfrentamento da violência doméstica.
Utilizing a Social-Ecological Health Promotion Framework to Engage Diverse Populations for Recruitment in the All of Us Research Program
Authors: Mancera Bibiana , Sy Angela , Williams Cynthia , Hargreaves Margaret
Published: March 2022

In 2017, the National Institutes of Health (NIH) All of Us Research Program announced a funding opportunity for community partners to “educate, motivate, and facilitate enrollment” of volunteers. In response to this opportunity, four institutions from the Research Centers in Minority Institutions (RCMI) Translational Research Network (RTRN) formed the Precision Medicine Research (PreMeR) Diversity Consortium. This multi-institutional collaboration proposed to employ evidence-based best practices to engage, recruit, and retain diverse populations in the All of Us program. The PreMeR approach was premised on the notion that engagement, recruitment, and retention strategies in community and biomedical research must be viewed as community-engaged public health interventions and utilize the same theoretical principles and approaches. To that end, social influence theories were key in conceptualizing approaches to engaging diverse populations in research, as they helped PreMeR members better understand how people’s beliefs and opinions could be modified to effect change and lead to action (Stokols, 1996). PreMeR adopted the social-ecological model (SEM) for health promotion (Dahlberg & Krug, 2006) from Stokols (1996) and community-based participatory research (CBPR) models (Israel et al., 1998, 2005; Wallerstein & Duran, 2010) to guide proposed engagement, recruitment, and retention strategies. The processes of contextualizing engagement strategies across the individual, interpersonal, organizational, community, and policy spheres of influence necessitated the incorporation of multiple methods to reach diverse audiences. This article provides a model for applying a theory-driven approach to research engagement, recruitment, and retention.
Partnering to Reduce Colon Cancer Health Disparities Among the American Indian Population in Michigan
Authors: Pingatore Noel , Lewis Precht Angela , Alverson Georgetta , Copeland Glenn , Jahnke Betty , Dwyer Andrea , Champine Robey
Published: March 2022

American Indian and Alaska Native people experience higher rates of several cancers, including lung, colorectal, liver, stomach, and kidney cancers, compared to non-Hispanic White people in the United States. Cancer disparities are also prominent among the American Indian population and vary by region. Disproportionately high rates of colon cancer were identified among three tribal communities in Michigan by linking each tribe’s enrollment roster to the state cancer registry. In response, in 2015 the Inter-Tribal Council of Michigan received funding from the Office of Minority Health within the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services to work with the three tribes to develop and implement the Tribal Colon Cancer Collaborative Project. The project used a community-based participatory research approach and a learning collaborative model to implement a multipronged initiative intended to improve colon cancer screening rates and outcomes among the three tribal communities. Local tribal coordinators were trained in the use of evidence-based interventions, including patient navigation and quality improvement processes, and implemented activities within their respective tribal health settings. Preliminary findings indicated increased colon cancer screening rates and improved rates of early stage cancer diagnoses. This paper describes the processes involved in implementing the project in collaboration with local tribal coordinators and the details of their journey toward improved colon cancer health outcomes.