bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Detection of soil-borne wheat mosaic virus using hyperspectral imaging: from lab to field scans and from hyperspectral to multispectral data
Authors: Haagsma Marja , Hagerty Christina H. , Kroese Duncan R. , Selker John S.
Published: January 2023

Hyperspectral imaging allows for rapid, non-destructive and objective assessments of crop health. Narrowband-hyperspectral data was used to select wavelength regions that can be exploited to identify wheat infected with soil-borne mosaic virus. First, leaf samples were scanned in the lab to investigate spectral differences between healthy and diseased leaves, including non-symptomatic and symptomatic areas within a diseased leaf. The potential of 84 commonly used vegetation indices to find infection was explored. A machine-learning approach was used to create a classification model to automatically separate pixels into symptomatic, non-symptomatic and healthy classes. The success rate of the model was 69.7% using the full spectrum. It was very encouraging that by using a subset of only four broad bands, sampled to simulate a data set from a much simpler and less costly multispectral camera, accuracy increased to 71.3%. Next, the classification models were validated on field data. Infection in the field was successfully identified using classifiers trained on the entire spectrum of the hyperspectral data acquired in a lab setting, with the best accuracy being 64.9%. Using a subset of wavelengths, simulating multispectral data, the accuracy dropped by only 3 percentage points to 61.9%. This research shows the potential of using lab scans to train classifiers to be successfully applied in the field, even when simultaneously reducing the hyperspectral data to multispectral data.
Turning out for redistribution: the effect of voter turnout on top marginal tax rates
Authors: Sabet Navid
Published: January 2023

I investigate the impact of voter turnout on top marginal tax rates in OECD countries between 1974 and 2013. I find that higher turnout leads to higher taxes for top earners, a result broadly consistent with the median voter theorem. Using novel survey data, I confirm that individuals in all but the wealthiest income bracket prefer higher taxes on the rich more than they prefer greater government spending in the economy. In line with these preferences, I find that turnout has a significantly negative effect on top income shares but no effect on the size of government or on public welfare expenditure. An instrumental variables approach confirms my findings. Overall, the paper is the first of its kind to link turnout to measures of redistribution that affect top earners and to preferences for redistribution.
“Horrible Slime Stories” When Serving Victims: The Labor of Role-taking and Secondary Trauma Exposure
Authors: Groggel Anne
Published: January 2023

The emotional and psychological consequences associated with providing services to traumatized others have been well established with extant scholarship highlighting these workers’ susceptibility to vicarious trauma and secondary traumatic stress. But less is known about the underlying interactional processes by which symptoms of secondary trauma emerge. This research investigates the consequences of taking the role of a person who is victimized and experiencing emotional turmoil by analyzing interviews with workers who serve victims seeking legal services. Role-taking is the process of mentally and affectively placing the self in the position of another, understanding another’s perspective. Workers described listening to victims’ experiences or coworkers’ accounts of difficult cases as being “slimed.” Those engaging in both cognitive and empathic role-taking often struggled to “shake” this content and became susceptible to mirroring the distress of the traumatized clients and coworkers. In response to this exposure, workers often shared troubling intakes or cases with coworkers as a type of interpersonal emotion management. Workers who provided emotional support to colleagues often experienced indirect exposure to trauma on two fronts: in the service of clients who had experienced intimate partner violence and from coworkers. Thus, those best able to role-take with victims or coworkers are most likely to experience greater secondary trauma exposure and its potential toll.
Environmental life cycle assessment of production of the high intensity sweetener steviol glycosides from Stevia rebaudiana leaf grown in Europe: The SWEET project
Authors: Suckling J. , Morse S. , Murphy R. , Astley S. , Halford J. C. G. , Harrold J. A. , Le-Bail A. , Koukouna E. , Musinovic H. , Perret J. , Raben A. , Roe M. , Scholten J. , Scott C. , Stamatis C. , Westbroek C.
Published: January 2023

Purpose

There is an increasing interest in the use of non-nutritive sweeteners to replace added sugar in food and beverage products for reasons of improving consumer health. Much work has been done to understand safety of sweeteners, but very little on sustainability. To address that gap, this study presents the results of a life cycle assessment (LCA) of production of rebaudioside A 60%, 95% pure (RA60) steviol glycoside mix from Stevia rebaudiana leaf grown in Europe.

Methods

An attributional cradle-to-factory-gate life cycle assessment was conducted on growing of stevia leaves and extraction of steviol glycosides in Europe. Primary data were used from a case study supply chain. Results are reported in impact categories from the ReCiPe 2016 (H) method, with focus given to global warming potential, freshwater eutrophication, water consumption, and land use. Impacts are expressed both in terms of production mass and sweetness equivalence, a common metric for understanding high intensity sweetener potency. Sweetness equivalence of RA60 is typically 200 to 300 times that of sugar. Comparison of environmental impact is made to sugar (sucrose) produced from both cane and beets. The research is part of the EU project SWEET (sweeteners and sweetness enhancers: impact on health, obesity, safety, and sustainability).

Results and discussion

Global warming potential for production of RA60 was found to be 20.25 kgCO2-eq/kgRA60 on a mass basis and 0.081 kgCO2-eq/kgSE on a sweetness equivalence basis. Field production of stevia leaves was found to be the main source of impact for most impact categories, and for all four focus categories. Extraction of the RA60 was the main source of impact for the others. Leaf processing and seedling propagation were minor contributors to life cycle impact. Removal of international transport from the supply chain reduced global warming potential by 18.8%. Compared with sugar on a sweetness equivalence basis, RA60 has approximately 5.7% to 10.2% the impact for global warming potential, 5.6% to 7.2% the impact for land use, and is lower across most other impact categories.

Conclusion

This is the first LCA of steviol glycoside mix RA60 produced from leaf in Europe. The results indicate that RA60 can be used to reduce environmental impact of providing a sweet taste by replacing sugar across all impact categories. However, it is important to note that specific formulations in which RA60 is used will have a bearing on the final environmental impact of any food or beverage products. For solid foods, this requires further research.
Numerical and Experimental Study on the Dynamics of the Tendon/Top Tension Riser System of a Tension-Leg Platform
Authors: Kang Zhuang , Hung Luu Quang , Li Shaojie , Chang Rui , Sui Haibo
Published: January 2023

In this study, the dynamics of the tendon/top tension riser (TTR) system of a tension-leg platform (TLP) are investigated through an experiment and by using absolute nodal coordinate formulation (ANCF). First, the model test of the TLP system is conducted in the water tank of Harbin Engineering University to examine the motion response of the TLP and the dynamic response characteristics of the tendon and TTR. The test scale ratio is set to 1: 66.3. Then, on the basis of the ANCF, the stiffness, external load, and mass matrices of the element are deduced to establish the motion equation of the tendon/riser. Finally, the static and dynamic characteristics of the tendon/TTR system of TLP are analyzed systematically by using the ANCF method. The results are compared with commercial software and test results. The motion response of tendon/TTR is affected by the TLP movement and environmental load simultaneously. The analysis proves the effectiveness and accuracy of the ANCF method despite the low number of riser units, suggesting the superiority of the ANCF method for calculating the dynamics of tendon/riser in the field of ocean engineering.
Machine Learning for Object Recognition in Manufacturing Applications
Authors: Yun Huitaek , Kim Eunseob , Kim Dong Min , Park Hyung Wook , Jun Martin Byung-Guk
Published: January 2023

Feature recognition and manufacturability analysis from computer-aided design (CAD) models are indispensable technologies for better decision making in manufacturing processes. It is important to transform the knowledge embedded within a CAD model to manufacturing instructions for companies to remain competitive as experienced baby-boomer experts are going to retire. Automatic feature recognition and computer-aided process planning have a long history in research, and recent developments regarding algorithms and computing power are bringing machine learning (ML) capability within reach of manufacturers. Feature recognition using ML has emerged as an alternative to conventional methods. This study reviews ML techniques to recognize objects, features, and construct process plans. It describes the potential for ML in object or feature recognition and offers insight into its implementation in various smart manufacturing applications. The study describes ML methods frequently used in manufacturing, with a brief introduction of underlying principles. After a review of conventional object recognition methods, the study discusses recent studies and outlooks on feature recognition and manufacturability analysis using ML.
Wire electrode of 5754 aluminum modified by PVD-thin film depositions
Authors: Gehling T. , Treutler K. , Wesling V.
Published: January 2023

Manufacturers of welding wire electrodes for GMAW welding adapt the alloy compositions of welding wire electrodes in order to adjust the weld pool behavior and the properties of the weld. Additively manufactured components in various sizes and with complex structures and multi-axial stress states place diverse demands on the material. The filler wire can significantly influence the material properties. The approach shown here describes the possibility of coating welding wire electrodes by physical vapor deposition, which enables flexible adjustment of the welding material composition. The element content in the weld metal can be adjusted within certain limits via the coating thickness. In the arc, applied thin-film coatings with coating thicknesses < 1 µm pass into the molten phase together with the substrate wire electrode according to ISO 18273—S Al 5754 (AlMg3). Microalloying elements such as TiB2 or Ti added to the weld pool in this way change the composition and thus influence the microstructure in the weld metal. This results in a grain refinement of up to 46%, which in turn has a positive effect on hot cracking susceptibility. PVD-coated welding electrodes also show changes in arc characteristics. With increasing TiB2 layer thickness, the arc length decreases by up to 44%, while the arc current increases. The fusion penetration behavior changes from a narrow finger-shaped to a round fusion penetration.
Attachment ability of combined biomimetic adhesive micro-textures of different shapes
Authors: Badler David , Kligerman Yuri , Kasem Haytam
Published: January 2023

There are various potential applications of biomimetic adhesive solutions including climbing robotic systems, mobile sensor platforms, and biomedical applications such as patches for external use. Achieving resistance to both normal and tangential loads, however, is a critical issue that still needs to be addressed. Some animals have developed exceptional attachment mechanisms based on combined fibrillar elements of different shapes and functions. Experimental investigation of combined biomimetic adhesive micro-textures on tribological performances such as adhesion, friction, and peeling resistance is needed to apply this idea to the design of an artificial texture having similar “biomimetic” properties. In the present study, we demonstrate that combinations of different shapes of biomimetic adhesive micro-textures show increased efficiency under different contact environments and enable long-term adhesive solutions. Our work sheds light on combinations of different element shapes inspired by nature and their adhesive efficiency as a function of the ratio of each biomimetic element, as well as their spatial repartition.
Ethics
Authors: Krishnan Nikhil
Published: January 2023

Ethical questions are often associated with practical dilemmas: questions in morality, in other words. This volume, by contrast, asks questions about morality: what it is, and to what it owes its precarious authority over us. The focus on metaethics is sustained throughout, via a wide range of philosophical perspectives. Distinguished luminaries who include R. M. Hare and Bernard Williams address keenly debated issues such as what constitutes morality in politics; the relationship between education and ethical standards; and whether or not morality can indeed be defined at all. As Nikhil Krishnan writes in his elegant Foreword, 'The plain-speaking, essayistic grace of these essays, speaks nevertheless of the possibility of moral philosophy, written with an eye to a listener, very possibly not a professional philosopher, who has the right to say, ''This is all very well, your neat little theory, but it doesn't ring true. Things are more complicated than that.'''
Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography and endoscopic ultrasound endoscope reprocessing: Variables impacting contamination risk
Authors: Ayres Ashley M. , Wozniak Julia , O’Neil Jose , Stewart Kimberly , Leger John St. , Pasculle A. William , Lewis Casey , McGrath Kevin , Slivka Adam , Snyder Graham M
Published: January 2023

Objective:

To evaluate variables that affect risk of contamination for endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography and endoscopic ultrasound endoscopes.

Design:

Observational, quality improvement study.

Setting:

University medical center with a gastrointestinal endoscopy service performing ∼1,000 endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography and ∼1,000 endoscopic ultrasound endoscope procedures annually.

Methods:

Duodenoscope and linear echoendoscope sampling (from the elevator mechanism and instrument channel) was performed from June 2020 through September 2021. Operational changes during this period included standard reprocessing with high-level disinfection with ethylene oxide gas sterilization (HLD–ETO) was switched to double high-level disinfection (dHLD) (June 16, 2020–July 15, 2020), and duodenoscopes changed to disposable tip model (March 2021). The frequency of contamination for the co-primary outcomes were characterized by calculated risk ratios.

Results:

The overall pathogenic contamination rate was 4.72% (6 of 127). Compared to duodenoscopes, linear echoendoscopes had a contamination risk ratio of 3.64 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.69–19.1). Reprocessing using HLD-ETO was associated with a contamination risk ratio of 0.29 (95% CI, 0.06–1.54). Linear echoendoscopes undergoing dHLD had the highest risk of contamination (2 of 18, 11.1%), and duodenoscopes undergoing HLD-ETO and the lowest risk of contamination (0 of 53, 0%). Duodenoscopes with a disposable tip had a 0% contamination rate (0 of 27).

Conclusions:

We did not detect a significant reduction in endoscope contamination using HLD-ETO versus dHLD reprocessing. Linear echoendoscopes have a risk of contamination similar to that of duodenoscopes. Disposable tips may reduce the risk of duodenoscope contamination.
Review of the design considerations for the laboratory growth of sea ice
Authors: Hall Benjamin , Johnson Siobhan , Thomas Max , Rampai Tokoloho
Published: January 2023

Sample collection and field studies of sea ice take place under harsh conditions which, combined with the logistical difficulties and high cost of voyages to the polar regions, limits the abilities of researchers to determine its properties. Observations of laboratory-grown sea ice can help quantify important sea-ice properties and incorporate them into numerical models. The growth of laboratory sea ice requires experimental set-ups that consider the complexity of sea-ice growth. Regulation and monitoring of environmental variables allow for growth and melt conditions to be controlled, manipulated and reproduced. Facilities thus vary widely because of differing research objectives. This paper presents a summary of some of the published sea-ice laboratories that study the physical properties of sea ice and an overview of their major design considerations, such as tank size, freezing method and instrumentation. It also discusses how these design considerations were implemented in the set-up of the new sea-ice growth laboratory at the Marine and Antarctic Research for Innovation and Sustainability. This paper should guide others in designing their facilities as well as in their understanding of other facilities for results comparison.
Status, Power, and Punishments: “Household Workers” in Late Imperial China
Authors: Chevaleyre Claude
Published: January 2023

In the past four decades or so, China scholars have shone a new light on the history of labour in late imperial China, particularly on the role of the household as a unit of production and on the contribution of women to commercial production and family income. Beyond members of the kin group itself, attention is seldom paid to the individuals brought into the Chinese households solely to provide additional manpower. To “break the carapace” of the late imperial Chinese household, this article focuses on the often-omitted “household workers”, that is, on its enslaved (nubi) and hired (gugong) constituents. It approaches the topic from the angle of the vulnerability of these non-kin “workers” to punishments and violence. To evaluate their vulnerability to punishment and gauge the disciplinary powers of the household heads, it examines the relationship between punishments and “household workers” in Ming law. It then explores lineage regulations, before moving closer to the ground by mobilizing a wider variety of day-to-day sources, such as contracts and narrative sources produced in the context of the late Ming and early Qing crisis.
Advancing Antarctic climate change policy: upcoming opportunities for scientists and policymakers to work together
Authors: Hughes Kevin A. , Cavanagh Rachel D. , Convey Peter
Published: January 2023

Climate change is increasingly affecting Antarctica and the rest of the world. Urgent policy responses are needed to mitigate its associated impacts. Engagement of the Antarctic Treaty Consultative Meeting (ATCM), Commission for the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources (CCAMLR) and Committee for Environmental Protection (CEP) with the issue of climate change has culminated in several important meetings planned for 2023/2024. Researchers play a crucial role in the provision of the best available science to inform action by Antarctic policymakers, and the Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research (SCAR) clearly will play an important role in representing the Antarctic science community and delivering the latest science into the upcoming meetings. However, recognizing the ATCM's call for Parties and other stakeholders to bring experts to its meeting to support the work and with acknowledgement by CCAMLR and CEP of the value of including a range of scientific experts, we highlight the opportunity for and importance of researchers engaging proactively to offer further bespoke scientific support. Given the urgency of addressing climate change in Antarctica and beyond, every effort is needed from researchers and policymakers to work together to facilitate the necessary policy responses at both the national and international level.
Characterization of interactions’ persistence in time-varying networks
Authors: Bauzá Mingueza Francisco , Floría Mario , Gómez-Gardeñes Jesús , Arenas Alex , Cardillo Alessio
Published: January 2023

Many complex networked systems exhibit volatile dynamic interactions among their vertices, whose order and persistence reverberate on the outcome of dynamical processes taking place on them. To quantify and characterize the similarity of the snapshots of a time-varying network—a proxy for the persistence,—we present a study on the persistence of the interactions based on a descriptor namedtemporality. We use the average value of the temporality,$$\overline{\mathcal {T}}$$T¯, to assess how “special” is a given time-varying network within the configuration space of ordered sequences of snapshots. We analyse the temporality of several empirical networks and find that empirical sequences are much more similar than their randomized counterparts. We study also the effects on$$\overline{\mathcal {T}}$$T¯induced by the (time) resolution at which interactions take place.
Modernization, collectivism, and gender equality predict love experiences in 45 countries
Authors: Sorokowski Piotr , Kowal Marta , Sternberg Robert J. , Aavik Toivo , Akello Grace , Alhabahba Mohammad Madallh , Alm Charlotte , Amjad Naumana , Anjum Afifa , Asao Kelly , Atama Chiemezie S. , Atamtürk Duyar Derya , Ayebare Richard , Conroy-Beam Daniel , Bendixen Mons , Bensafia Aicha , Bizumic Boris , Boussena Mahmoud , Buss David M. , Butovskaya Marina , Can Seda , Carrier Antonin , Cetinkaya Hakan , Croy Ilona , Cueto Rosa María , Czub Marcin , Dronova Daria , Dural Seda , Duyar Izzet , Ertugrul Berna , Espinosa Agustín , Estevan Ignacio , Esteves Carla Sofia , Frackowiak Tomasz , Garduño Jorge Contreras , González Karina Ugalde , Guemaz Farida , Halamová Mária , Herak Iskra , Horvat Marina , Hromatko Ivana , Hui Chin-Ming , Jaafar Jas Laile , Jiang Feng , Kafetsios Konstantinos , Kavčič Tina , Kennair Leif Edward Ottesen , Kervyn Nicolas , Ha Truong Thi Khanh , Khilji Imran Ahmed , Köbis Nils C. , Kostic Aleksandra , Lan Hoang Moc , Láng András , Lennard Georgina R. , León Ernesto , Lindholm Torun , Linh Trinh Thi , Lopez Giulia , Van Luot Nguyen , Mailhos Alvaro , Manesi Zoi , Martinez Rocio , McKerchar Sarah L. , Meskó Norbert , Pejičić Marija , Misra Girishwar , Monaghan Conal , Mora Emanuel C. , Moya-Garófano Alba , Musil Bojan , Natividade Jean Carlos , Nizharadze George , Oberzaucher Elisabeth , Oleszkiewicz Anna , Omar-Fauzee Mohd Sofian , Onyishi Ike E. , Özener Baris , Pagani Ariela Francesca , Pakalniskiene Vilmante , Parise Miriam , Pazhoohi Farid , Pisanski Annette , Pisanski Katarzyna , Ponciano Edna , Popa Camelia , Prokop Pavol , Rizwan Muhammad , Sainz Mario , Salkičević Svjetlana , Sargautyte Ruta , Sarmány-Schuller Ivan , Schmehl Susanne , Shahid Anam , Sharad Shivantika , Siddiqui Razi Sultan , Simonetti Franco , Tadinac Meri , Vauclair Christin-Melanie , Vega Luis Diego , Walter Kathryn V. , Widarini Dwi Ajeng , Yoo Gyesook , Zaťková Marta , Zupančič Maja , Sorokowska Agnieszka
Published: January 2023

Recent cross-cultural and neuro-hormonal investigations have suggested that love is a near universal phenomenon that has a biological background. Therefore, the remaining important question is not whether love exists worldwide but which cultural, social, or environmental factors influence experiences and expressions of love. In the present study, we explored whether countries’ modernization indexes are related to love experiences measured by three subscales (passion, intimacy, commitment) of the Triangular Love Scale. Analyzing data from 9474 individuals from 45 countries, we tested for relationships with country-level predictors, namely, modernization proxies (i.e., Human Development Index, World Modernization Index, Gender Inequality Index), collectivism, and average annual temperatures. We found that mean levels of love (especially intimacy) were higher in countries with higher modernization proxies, collectivism, and average annual temperatures. In conclusion, our results grant some support to the hypothesis that modernization processes might influence love experiences.
The impact of the striped field mouse’s range expansion on communities of native small mammals
Authors: Tulis Filip , Ševčík Michal , Jánošíková Radoslava , Baláž Ivan , Ambros Michal , Zvaríková Lucia , Horváth Gyözö
Published: January 2023

Understanding species expansion as an element of the dispersal process is crucial to gaining a better comprehension of the functioning of the populations and the communities. Populations of the same species that are native in one area could be considered nonindigenous, naturalised or invasive somewhere else. The striped field mouse has been expanding its range in south-western Slovakia since 2010, although the origin of the spread has still not been clarified. In light of the striped field mouse’s life history, the recent range expansion is considered to be the expansion of a native species. This study analyses the impact of the striped field mouse's expansion on the native population and small mammal communities and confronts the documented stages of striped field mouse expansion with the stages of invasion biology. Our research replicates the design and compares results from past research of small mammals prior to this expansion at the same three study areas with the same 20 study sites and control sites. Several years after expansion, the striped field mouse has a 100% frequency of occurrence in all study sites and has become the dominant species in two of the study areas. The native community is significantly affected by the striped field mouse’s increasing dominance, specifically: (i) we found a re-ordering of the species rank, mainly in areas with higher dominance, and (ii) an initial positive impact on diversity and evenness during low dominance of the striped field mouse turned markedly negative after crossing the 25% dominance threshold. Results suggested that the variation in the striped field mouse’s dominance is affected by the northern direction of its spread. Our findings show that establishment in a new area, spread and impact on the native community are stages possibly shared by both invasive and native species during their range expansion.
Green synthesis of spermine coated iron nanoparticles and its effect on biochemical properties of Rosmarinus officinalis
Authors: Afrouz Mehdi , Ahmadi-Nouraldinvand Farnaz , Elias Sabry G. , Alebrahim Mohammad Taghi , Tseng Te Ming , Zahedian Hoda
Published: January 2023

In this study, aqueous spinach extract was used for the green synthesis of iron nanoparticles. The surface of iron oxide nanoparticles was coated with spermine. The physicochemical properties of nanoparticles were investigated using UV-Vis, TGA, FTIR, VSM, TEM, and DLS. The results showed that the nanoparticles had a spherical structure. The surface charge of the Fe3O4-NPs increased from −3.2 to 18.42 (mV) after Fe3O4coating by spermine. In order to investigate the effect of nanoparticles on physicochemical properties of rosemary under drought stress conditions, an experiment was carried out in a completely randomized design. The results showed that the amount of antioxidant enzymes and secondary metabolites increased significantly under drought stress. Moreover, the use of spermine-coated iron nanoparticles can be useful in increasing resistance to drought stress in plants by increasing the activity of some antioxidant enzymes and secondary metabolites. The biocompatibility of Nanoparticles in cell suspension was investigated. the ability of Fe3O4-SM NPs to interact with DNA and protect it against DNaseI and ultrasonic waves using agarose gel electrophoresis was studied. The ability of Fe3O4-SM to neutralize the negative charge of DNA and protect it against DNaseΙ and ultrasonic waves was confirmed using an agarose gel electrophoresis assay.
Fmr1-KO mice failure to detect object novelty associates with a post-test decrease of structural and synaptic plasticity upstream of the hippocampus
Authors: Borreca Antonella , De Luca Mariassunta , Ferrante Antonella , Boussadia Zaira , Pignataro Annabella , Martire Alberto , Ammassari-Teule Martine
Published: January 2023

Mice with deletion of the FMR1 gene show episodic memory impairments and exhibit dendritic spines and synaptic plasticity defects prevalently identified in non-training conditions. Based on evidence that synaptic changes associated with normal or abnormal memory emerge when mice are cognitively challenged, here we examine whether, and how, fragile entorhinal and hippocampal synapses are remodeled when mice succeed or fail to learn. We trained Fmr1 knockout (KO) and wild-type C57BL/6J (WT) mice in the novel object recognition (NOR) paradigm with 1 h or 24 h training-to-test intervals and then assessed whether varying the time between the presentation of similar and different objects modulates NOR performance and plasticity along the entorhinal cortex-hippocampus axis. At the 1 h-interval, KO mice failed to discriminate the novel object, showed a collapse of spines in the lateral entorhinal cortex (LEC), and of long-term potentiation (LTP) in the lateral perforant path (LPP), but a normal increase in hippocampal spines. At the 24 h, they exhibited intact NOR performance, typical LEC and hippocampal spines, and exaggerated LPP-LTP. Our findings reveal that the inability of mice to detect object novelty primarily stands in their impediment to elaborate, and convey to the hippocampus, sensory/perceptive object representations.
Characterizing macular edema in retinitis pigmentosa through a combined structural and microvascular optical coherence tomography investigation
Authors: Arrigo Alessandro , Aragona Emanuela , Perra Cristian , Bianco Lorenzo , Antropoli Alessio , Saladino Andrea , Berni Alessandro , Basile Giulia , Pina Adelaide , Bandello Francesco , Battaglia Parodi Maurizio
Published: January 2023

The aim of the study was to characterize macular edema (ME) in retinitis pigmentosa (RP) by means of quantitative optical coherence tomography (OCT)-based imaging. The study was designed as observational, prospective case series, with 1-year follow-up. All RP patients underwent complete ophthalmologic assessment, including structural OCT, OCT angiography, and microperimetry (MP). The primary outcome was the characterization through quantitative OCT-based imaging of RP eyes complicated by ME. A total of 68 RP patients’ eyes (68 patients) and 68 eyes of 68 healthy controls were recruited. Mean BCVA was 0.14 ± 0.17 LogMAR at baseline and 0.18 ± 0.23 LogMAR at 1-year follow-up (p > 0.05). Thirty-four eyes (17 patients; 25%) showed ME, with a mean ME duration of 8 ± 2 months. Most of the eyes were characterized by recurrent ME. The ME was mainly localized in the inner nuclear layer in all eyes. LogMAR BCVA was similar in all RP eyes, whether with or without ME, although those with ME were associated with higher vessel density values, as well as thicker choroidal layers, than those without ME. In conclusion, the inner retina is closely involved in the pathogenesis of ME. The impairment of retinal-choroidal exchanges and Müller cell disruption might be a major pathogenic factor leading to the onset of ME in RP.
Unraveling the electronic influence and nature of covalent bonding of aryl and alkyl radicals on the B12N12 nanocage cluster
Authors: Berisha Avni
Published: January 2023

Carbon nanocage structures such as fullerene, nanotubes, nanocapsules, nanopolyhedra, cones, cubes, and onions have been reported since the discovery of C60, and they offer tremendous promise for investigating materials of low dimensions in an isolated environment. Boron Nitride (BN) nanomaterials such a: nanotubes, nanocapsules, nanoparticles, and clusters have been described in several studies and are predicted to be useful as electronic devices, high heat-resistance semiconductors, nanocables, insulator lubricants, and gas storage materials. The interaction, and electronic of octahedral B12N12 nanocage cluster covalently modified from the attachment of alkyl and aryl radicals were analyzed using Density Functional Theory calculations. The work discusses for the first time to our knowledge the complete investigation of the impact of the grafted aryl and alkyl groups on the electronic, bang gap, and density of states on the B12N12. Furthermore, this is the first complete description of these radicals attaching to a surface of B12N12 nanocage cluster.
Comparison of earthquake-induced shallow landslide susceptibility assessment based on two-category LR and KDE-MLR
Authors: Fan Xinyue , Liu Bin , Luo Jie , Pan Ke , Han Suyue , Zhou Zhongli
Published: January 2023

Geological hazards caused by strong earthquakes have caused continuous social and economic losses and destruction of the ecological environment in the hazard area, and are mostly manifested in the areas with frequent occurrence of geological hazards or the clustering of geological hazards. Considering the long-term nature of earthquakes and geological disasters in this region, this paper takes ten earthquake-stricken areas in Wenchuan earthquake zone as examples to collect shallow landslide data in 2010, combined with the spatial location of landslides and other factors. Kernel density estimation (KDE) method is used to analyze the spatial characteristics of shallow landslide. Taking the space of shallow landslide as the characteristic variable and fully considering the regulating factors of earthquake-induced landslide: terrain complexity, distance to river, distance to fault, distance to road, lithology, normalized vegetation difference index (NDVI) and ground peak acceleration (PGA) as independent variables, based on KDE and polynomial logistic regression (MLR), A quantitative model of shallow landslide in the earthquake area is constructed. The results show that: (1) PGA has the greatest impact on landslide in the study area. (2) Compared with the two-category logistic regression (two-category LR) model, the susceptibility map of landslide prediction results based on the KDE-MLR landslide susceptibility prediction model is more consistent with the actual situation. (3) The prediction accuracy of the model validation set is 70.7%, indicating that the landslide susceptibility prediction model based on KDE-MLR can effectively highlight the spatial characteristics of shallow landslides in 10 extreme disaster areas. The research results can provide decision-making basis for shallow landslide warning and post-disaster reconstruction in earthquake-stricken areas.
Numerical investigation of compressible flow around nose cone with Multi-row disk and multi coolant jets
Authors: Iranmanesh Reza , Alizadeh As’ad , Faraji M. , Choubey Gautam
Published: January 2023

Due to sever aerodynamic heating, the protection of forebody of scramjet is crucial for hypersonic flight. In present work, a new cooling system is proposed and investigated for the protection of nose cone at hypersonic flight. Computational fluid dynamic is used for the simulation of the lateral and axial coolant jet released from the spike at high-velocity condition. The primary goal is to find optimum jet location for efficient cooling of nose and spike assembly. Influence of two coolant jets (Carbon dioxide and Helium) on the mechanism of cooling system are fully investigated. For simulation, RANS equations are coupled with species transport equation and SST turbulence model. Two different jet configurations (axial disk positions) are investigated to obtain efficient condition for protection of nose cone at hypersonic flight. Our results indicate that the presence of the spike on the nose cone decreases pressure up to 33% on the main body and the shifts the maximum pressure to higher angles because of the deflection of the air stream. Maximum pressure drops about 50% by injection of the coolant disk jet (C2) at angle of 55 deg.
Synthesis and lewis acidity of fluorinated triaryl borates
Authors: Alharbi Mashael M. , van Ingen Yara , Roldan Alberto , Kaehler Tanja , Melen Rebecca L.
Published: January 2023

A series of fluorinated triaryl borates B(OArF)3 (ArF = 2-FC6H4, 3-FC6H4, 4-FC6H4, 2,4-F2C6H3, 3,5-F2C6H3, 2,3,4-F3C6H2, 2,4,6-F3C6H2, 3,4,5-F3C6H2) have been prepared and isolated from the reactions of the mono-, di-, or tri-fluorophenol with BCl3.
Determination of phosphorus in water using iron hydroxide assisted laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy
Authors: Shao Yang , Ma Shixiang , Zhao Xiande , Tian Hongwu , Chen Senliu , Dong Daming , Zhou Jianjun
Published: January 2023

Phosphorus (P) in water could be selectively detected using iron hydroxide assisted laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy.
DNA radiosensitization by terpyridine-platinum: damage induced by 5 and 10 eV transient anions
Authors: Ouyang Liangde , Lin Hong , Zhuang Puxiang , Shao Yu , Khosravifarsani Meysam , Guérin Brigitte , Zheng Yi , Sanche Léon
Published: January 2023

The intercalation of the chemotherapeutic drug terpyridine-platinum within the G-quadruplex structure of DNA sensitizes cancer cells to the low energy electrons produced by ionizing radiation during radiotherapy.
A clinically translatable kit for MRI/NMI dual-modality nanoprobes based on anchoring group-mediated radiolabeling
Authors: Chen Lei , Gao Yun , Ge Jianxian , Zhou Yi , Yang Zhe , Li Cang , Huang Baoxing , Lu Kuan , Kou Dandan , Zhou Dandan , Chen Can , Wang Sixia , Wu Shuwang , Zeng Jianfeng , Huang Gang , Gao Mingyuan
Published: January 2023

A clinically translatable radiolabeling kit has been developed for rapid and convenient construction of MRI/NMI dual-modality nanoprobes towards accurate diagnosis of tumor and cardiovascular diseases.
Open-circuit voltage loss in perovskite quantum dot solar cells
Authors: Ding Zijin , Li Saisai , Jiang Yuanzhi , Wang Di , Yuan Mingjian
Published: January 2023

This review summarizes the strategies on minimizing the open-circuit voltage (Voc) loss in perovskite quantum dot solar cells (PQDSCs) and proposed feasible methods to further improve the Voc of PQDSCs toward the radiative limit.
Quantum transport of sub-5 nm InSe and In2SSe monolayers and their heterostructure transistors
Authors: Guo Hailing , Yin Yinheng , Yu Wei , Robertson John , Liu Sheng , Zhang Zhaofu , Guo Yuzheng
Published: January 2023

Structural view of double-gated MOSFET and PLDOS at on-state and off-state.
Retraction: Icariin enhances intestinal barrier function by inhibiting NF-κB signaling pathways and modulating gut microbiota in a piglet model
Authors: Xiong Wen , Ma Haoyue , Zhang Zhu , Jin Meilan , Wang Jian , Xu Yuwei , Wang Zili
Published: January 2023

Retraction of ‘Icariin enhances intestinal barrier function by inhibiting NF-κB signaling pathways and modulating gut microbiota in a piglet model’ by Wen Xiong et al., RSC Adv., 2019, 9, 37947–37956, https://doi.org/10.1039/C9RA07176H.
Development and validation of novel automatable assay for cholesterol efflux capacity
Authors: Mutsuda Yume , Miyakoshi Tsunehiro , Horiuchi Yuna , Kameda Takahiro , Tozuka Minoru , Ohkawa Ryunosuke
Published: January 2023

During the past decade, evaluation of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) functionality has been well studied for predicting cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. Cholesterol efflux capacity (CEC) is the strongest candidate as the biomarker out of various HDL antiatherosclerotic functions. However, CEC has not yet been introduced clinically because of several technical issues, including the use of radioactive materials and differentiated cells in the assay. Previously, our laboratory developed a radioisotope- and cell-free CEC assay called the immobilized liposome-bound gel beads (ILGs) method to replace the conventional method. However, the separation process of the supernatant was not suitable for installation in an automatic analyzer. The present study aims to develop a new method that is easier to operate. We assumed that the use of magnetic beads instead of gel beads would enable the skip of the centrifugal process. First, similar to the ILG method, porous magnetic beads were treated with liposomes containing fluorescently labeled cholesterol. Fluorescence was observed inside the magnetic beads, and almost the same amount of liposomes as in the ILG method was immobilized successfully. These immobilized liposome-bound magnetic beads (ILMs) were available for CEC assay when HDL and apolipoprotein B-100-depleted serum (BDS) were used as cholesterol acceptors. The ILM method showed sufficient basic performance and a good correlation with the ILG method. Furthermore, when the CEC of 15 serum samples from healthy subjects was measured, a good correlation between HDL-cholesterol level and the ILG method was confirmed. Thus, it was confirmed that the ILM method was successfully developed and could be automated.
A large memory window and low power consumption self‐rectifying memristor for electronic synapse
Authors: Li Qingjiang , Yu Shihao , Yang Peng , Wang Qin , Liu Sen
Published: January 2023

Self‐rectifying memristor has no need for selector devices, but possesses the one‐way transmission behaviour and multi‐level non‐volatile memory characteristics, which makes it a promising candidate for electronic synapse. In this letter, the authors propose a novel self‐rectifying memristor based on a Pt/Hf0.5Zr0.5O2/TiN structure. The devices show large memory window (104) and high rectifying ratio (104), which can block the sneak current in a passive crossbar array without any additional hardware overhead. Moreover, the devices demonstrate excellent multi‐level states modulation capability, low power consumption, high endurance and long retention. The final benchmark demonstrates that the proposed Pt/Hf0.5Zr0.5O2/TiN self‐rectifying memristor is a promising candidate for electronic synapse application.
MIMO synthetic aperture sonar: Benefits and limitations
Authors: Hansen Roy Edgar
Published: January 2023

The use of Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) orthogonally coded waveforms sharing the same bandwidth, has the potential to increase area coverage rate in synthetic aperture sonar (SAS). The disadvantage is cross‐talk between the waveforms. In this letter, the benefits and limitations are listed for a best case use of MIMO in SAS. A scheme is developed to emulate a MIMO system with realistic cross‐talk that can be tested on non‐MIMO SAS data. The impact of cross‐talk is evaluated on simulated data and real data collected by a HISAS interfereometric SAS carried by a HUGIN autonomous underwater vehicle. The finding is that the negative impact of cross‐talk on SAS is significant.
La grande variabilité phénotypique des mutations du gène RYR1
Authors: Islam Kediha Mohamed , Nouioua Sonia , Tazir Meriem , Sternberg Damien , Lunardi Joël , Ali Pacha Lamia
Published: January 2023

Le gène RYR1 (Ryanodine-Receptor-1) code pour une protéine-clé dans le processus de couplage excitation-contraction de la fibre musculaire. Ce récepteur est le principal canal de libération du calcium à partir du réticulum endoplasmique [1]. Un certain nombre de phénotypes cliniques sont imputables aux mutations de ce gène de grande taille comme rappelé dans la liste établie par ORPHANET (voir Encadré). Nous décrivons, dans ce travail, deux phénotypes distincts, et trompeurs à certains égards, en rapport avec des mutations de ce gène.
A Bibliometric Analysis of Artificial Intelligence Applications in Spine Care
Authors: Zhang Yu , Hu Man , Zhao Wenjie , Liu Xin , Peng Qing , Meng Bo , Yang Sheng , Feng Xinmin , Zhang Liang
Published: January 2023

Background With the rapid development of science and technology, artificial intelligence (AI) has been widely used in the diagnosis and prognosis of various spine diseases. It has been proved that AI has a broad prospect in accurate diagnosis and treatment of spine disorders.

Methods On May 7, 2022, the Web of Science (WOS) Core Collection database was used to identify the documents on the application of AI in the field of spine care. HistCite and VOSviewer were used for citation analysis and visualization mapping.

Results A total of 693 documents were included in the final analysis. The most prolific authors were Karhade A.V. and Schwab J.H. United States was the most productive country. The leading journal was Spine. The most frequently used keyword was spinal. The most prolific institution was Northwestern University in Illinois, USA. Network visualization map showed that United States was the largest network of international cooperation. The keyword “machine learning” had the strongest total link strengths (TLS) and largest number of occurrences. The latest trends suggest that AI for the diagnosis of spine diseases may receive widespread attention in the future.

Conclusions AI has a wide range of application in the field of spine care, and an increasing number of scholars are committed to research on the use of AI in the field of spine care. Bibliometric analysis in the field of AI and spine provides an overall perspective, and the appreciation and research of these influential publications are useful for future research.
Oscillatory instability caused by the interplay of Soret effect and cross-diffusion
Authors: Seta Berin , Errarte Ane , Ryzhkov Ilya I. , Bou-Ali Mounir M. , Shevtsova Valentina
Published: January 2023

We show that a subtle coupling between the thermal and solutal gradients driven by the thermodiffusion, cross-diffusion, and buoyancy force can lead to oscillatory dynamic behavior of a ternary mixture in the thermogravitational column. The potentially unstable stratification results from the interplay of mass fluxes of the two heaviest components where the leading role belongs to one of them. Our experiments and numerical analysis not only evidence the presence of oscillatory instability but also demonstrate the emergence of the secondary instability in the form of swinging pattern in addition to the large-scale standing wave. We suggest that the region, where oscillatory instability occurs, is characterized by opposite signs of Soret ST1′ and thermodiffusion DT1′ coefficients due to large cross-diffusion contribution.
A conversation about video game and virtual reality adaptations of canonical plays
Authors: Bushnell Rebecca , Hunter Elizabeth B , Burn Andrew
Published: January 2023

Andrew Burn, Rebecca Bushnell, and Elizabeth B. Hunter discuss ways in which video games and virtual reality can transform canonical plays and Shakespeare in particular. Those transformations can offer insights into the underlying principles and embodied performance of familiar stories. Video games and virtual reality adaptations of canonical theatre can also enrich pedagogy by engaging students in game design and play.