bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A predictive architecture for the attitudes
Authors: Kiefer Alex , Hohwy Jakob
Published: January 2025

We provide a general account of propositional attitudes from the point of view of the predictiveprocessing (PP) framework. We first specify functional roles for conative and cognitive attitudetypes, in terms of the distinction between agent-driven and stimulus-driven control over internalstates. This accounts for the motivational role of conative attitudes as well as the rationalityconstraints characteristic of cognitive attitudes such as belief and perception. We then examinebelief and desire in more detail, and develop a broader taxonomy of attitude types, castinginstances of counterfactual exploration, such as supposition and imagination, as second-orderpropositional attitudes in which a cognitive attitude is the object of a conative one. Finally, weaddress worries about the suitability of PP’s representations—probabilistic graphical models—for implementing the attitudes.
Equivalency Framing of Problems and Policy Solutions
Authors: Sahn Alexander , Stoker Laura , Lerman Amy
Published: January 2025

While there is a large political science literature on framing effects, almost none of it has focused on equivalency framing of actual problems and potential solutions. We investigate whether the public expresses more concern about societal problems when logically equivalent information concerning their prevalence is framed in negative rather than in positive terms, and whether support for ameliorative policies changes when policies are framed as reducing the incidence of bad outcomes as opposed to increasing the incidence of good ones. From experiments covering a diverse set of issues, we find that equivalency frames have a consistent effect on the public’s evaluation of social problems: negative frames provoke substantially more negative emotional reactions to problems and lead to judgments that the problems are more serious and deserving of government attention. At the same time, we find no differences in support for gain-framed versus loss-framed policies designed to ameliorate these problems.
The (Re)conciliatory Effects of Intergroup Acknowledgments and Apologies: A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Kljajic Marko
Published: January 2025

What are the causal effects of intergroup acknowledgments and apologies (hereafter amends) for wrongdoing on individual support for reconciliation in the aftermath of collective victimization? Over the past two decades, scholars have increasingly studied this question, arriving at mixed conclusions about the relationship between amends and reconciliation. Although some findings suggest that amends can foster reconciliation, others suggest that they fail to do so or exert a very minimal effect. This article reports the first meta-analysis of experimental research on this question, reviewing 58 studies conducted between 2008 and 2024 on nearly 10400 individuals across the world. The findings show that amends positively affect individual support for reconciliation, both overall and in terms of its specific elements (compromise, trust, tolerance, and forgiveness). While confirming the positive impact of amends, their effects vary widely. Among other factors, full amends do not necessarily offer improvement over partial amends, acknowledgments outperform apologies, and perceived support for amends from the outgroup itself is associated with more substantial positive effects than those initiated by leaders or institutions. Overall, this meta-analysis consolidates existing causal research between amends and reconciliation, examining how moderating factors affect this relationship, and highlights areas of future research.
Determining the object of investigation in psychology
Authors: Witte Erich H.
Published: January 2025

Abstract: If one considers psychology as a scientific discipline and wants to gain insights into human behavior, one must be clear about the objectives. They limit the desired findings and thus make scientific access possible in the first place. In a conventional description of psychology, neither the objective nor the subject matter is sufficiently specified. The object of investigation of psychology is limited here to the average human individual system. If this conception is chosen, then the scientific methods must be adapted to it. At the same time, this specification enables a common consideration of the content of psychological phenomena in all areas with different focal points. Due to the lack of isolation of individual areas in a systemic approach, this can lead to certain interactions that are regarded as distortions in research. By taking a targeted look at certain interactions of varying quality, it is possible to identify key research areas that need to be tackled separately or that have so far remained hidden. The efficiency of this approach to theoretical penetration is demonstrated using classic phenomena from a social psychology textbook. In this way, different phenomena gain a common theoretical background on the surface, which must then also be empirically substantiated. In this way, the scientific claim of conceptual validation of theories can be met, in contrast to a replication of effects. This is the only way to bring about a positive development in psychology, which has so far failed to materialize.
Publishing with purpose: Using AI to enhance scientific discourse
Authors: Rowe Michael
Published: January 2025

The introduction of generative AI into scientific publishing presents both opportunities and risks for the research ecosystem. While AI could enhance knowledge creation and streamline research processes, it may also amplify existing problems within the "research industrial complex" - a system that prioritises publication metrics over meaningful scientific progress. In this viewpoint article I suggest that generative AI is likely to reinforce harmful processes unless scientific journals and editors use these technologies to transform themselves into vibrant knowledge communities that facilitate meaningful discourse and collaborative learning. I describe how AI could support this transformation by surfacing connections between researchers' work, making peer review more dialogic, enhancing post-publication discourse, and enabling multimodal knowledge translation. However, implementing this vision faces significant challenges, deeply rooted in the entrenched incentives of the current academic publishing system. Universities evaluate faculty based largely on publication counts, funding bodies rely on traditional metrics for grant decisions, and publishers benefit from maintaining existing models. Making meaningful change therefore requires coordinated action across multiple stakeholders who must be willing to accept short-term costs for long-term systemic benefits. The key to success lies in consistently returning to journals' core purpose: advancing scientific knowledge through thoughtful research and professional dialogue. By reimagining journals as AI-supported communities rather than metrics-driven repositories, we can better serve both the scientific community and the broader society it aims to benefit.
The “Difficulties” in Fermat's Original Discourse on the Indecomposability of Powers Greater Than a Square: A Retrospect
Authors: Dedenko Grigoriy
Published: January 2025

A possible version of the original proof of the decomposability of whole degrees above the square which Pierre Fermat spoke of. This reconstructed evidence is discussed with some extra conclusions drawn from it.
Bring Your Own Device — Now Hand It Over! Rescuing Workers’ Privacy During Data Searches
Authors: Veale Michael , Mantouvalou Virginia
Published: January 2025

Even though technological advancements can be useful for workers who can work remotely, and be at times faster and more efficient, they also pose serious threats to workers' privacy. In this article, we focus on practices that greatly blur the line between workers' private life and life at work, such as the practices of `bring your own device' (BYOD) and linking cloud storage to personal and work devices. The first of these sees workers allowed to use their personal devices for work-related activities, which can be convenient, familiar, and supportive of flexible working, potentially for several employers. The second of these sees workers using online storage for both personal and professional reasons and linking this storage to personal and work devices, which can again be a simple and efficient way to save and backup information and materials. However, practices such as these also present challenges for workers' privacy, particularly when other legal frameworks are implicated. Employers may have legitimate reasons and a legal basis to request access to, control and search workers' devices on the basis of, inter alia, data protection, freedom of information, or civil procedural rules. These rules may promote other legitimate goals. However, in this instance, when individuals often do not separate their private and professional activities cleanly within or across devices in a way that can be searched for, the legal regimes in question can pose threats to privacy. These regimes may require analysis of unseparated material through accessing data and devices. The threat to workers' privacy is obvious. In this article we examine this trend with a primary focus on UK and European law. We propose that workers' right to private life should be understood as a right to supported separation of work and private contexts and a right to control the process of a search of data and devices.
Exploring the Role of Quantum Computing in the Evolution of Edge and Cloud Solutions for IoT
Authors: Barnabas Adeyeye , Matthew Oladoye
Published: January 2025

The Internet of Things (IoT) has rapidly transformed industries by enabling the interconnectivity of devices and the real-time exchange of data. However, as IoT networks continue to scale, the limitations of traditional edge and cloud computing architectures—such as latency, security concerns, and scalability challenges—become more pronounced. This article explores the emerging role of quantum computing in addressing these challenges and advancing the evolution of edge and cloud solutions for IoT systems. By leveraging the unique capabilities of quantum computing, including superposition, entanglement, and quantum parallelism, IoT systems can achieve enhanced data processing speeds, improved security, and more efficient resource management. This article discusses the potential benefits of integrating quantum computing with edge and cloud infrastructures, focusing on use cases in real-time analytics, secure communication, and advanced machine learning for IoT applications. Additionally, it examines the technical, ethical, and regulatory challenges that need to be addressed for the successful deployment of quantum-edge cloud solutions. Finally, the article highlights the importance of collaboration between academia, industry, and policymakers to drive the development of quantum-enabled IoT systems. The findings suggest that quantum computing will play a pivotal role in the next generation of IoT infrastructure, unlocking new possibilities for smarter, more responsive, and secure IoT ecosystems.
Eye Feature Detection on Simulated Data
Authors: Gelter Theodor
Published: January 2025

This paper presents a method for detecting and analyzing eye features using simulated data. Eye feature detection plays a critical role in various applications such as facial recognition, gaze tracking, and human-computer interaction. In this study, we generate synthetic eye images through simulation techniques to create a diverse dataset that mimics real-world variations in lighting, eye shape, and orientation. We propose a novel algorithm that utilizes image processing and machine learning techniques to accurately identify key features, such as the iris, pupil, and eyelids, from the simulated images. Our approach is evaluated using standard performance metrics, demonstrating robust accuracy and reliability in detecting eye features across different simulated conditions. The results show that the use of simulated data can be a valuable tool for training and testing eye detection algorithms, offering an alternative to traditional real-world datasets that may be limited or difficult to obtain.
Inclusion and Pedagogical Support for Students with Special Educational Needs in Music Lessons: A Systematic Review
Authors: Mommo Oula , Sutela Katja , Mononen Riikka
Published: January 2025

This systematic review aims to update state of the art on how inclusion and pedagogical support for students with special educational needs (SEN) are implemented in grades 1–9 music lessons based on the studies published between 2010 and 2023. The review was reported according to the PRISMA statement (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses). Nineteen studies met the inclusion criteria and were entered in the extraction phase. The results showed that inclusion is still understood and, thus, implemented, mainly as integration of students with SEN in general music lessons. Analysis of the original studies highlighted beneficial practices for the participation and learning of students with SEN, such as student-centered pedagogy, peer-interaction strategies, co-teaching and collaboration, and various methods or pedagogical approaches (e.g., Dalcroze-based music education). Also, some challenges of inclusive pedagogy were met, such as in situations of lack of resources or specific training for music teachers implementing inclusive music lessons. This systematic review brings together the latest research on inclusive music education to increase understanding of how inclusive music education can be implemented. This in turn will help music and special education teachers by showing research-based guidelines for arranging the pedagogical practices more inclusively and discussing the critical points in implementing inclusive music education.
The reality paradox: A unifying predictive coding theory of psychosis
Authors: Mellor Edward , Harrison Lowri
Published: January 2025

We propose a predictive coding model of psychosis centred on precision-weighted Bayesian inference. Either over-precise priors or under-precise likelihoods result in posteriors strongly biased towards priors. When existing beliefs no longer can reliably discern the origin of stimuli in the world novel beliefs must arise to explain these changes and are themselves held with abnormal confidence.Changes in the world feel simultaneously familiar and strange, thinking about the changes makes my thoughts feel similarly paradoxical. If a Bayesian system under extremes of precision saw such a causational paradox, it would be forced to decide was that familiar but strange action done by me but controlled from afar or was that action from the environment and directed against me. Thus, the widespread positive symptoms become bayes optimal resolutions of the paradox as it pertains to thoughts, sensations, movement, and affect. A self-reinforcing process leads to a failure state when beliefs and perceptions become one; if a Bayesian system believes both my actions cause reality and reality causes my actions then it must do nothing, catatonia.The paper demonstrates how a healthy model could itself become high precision as an initially adaptive response to trauma. By doubling down on our beliefs about the world we can prevent trauma from changing the way we view it, but as the world keeps changing, a tsunami of high precision spreads from the initial schism.
Framing remote work as anti-racist promotes solidarity among Asian Americans
Authors: Vinluan Aeroelay Chyei , Kraus Michael W.
Published: January 2025

During the Covid-19 pandemic, many organizations shifted to remote work. Additionally, there was an increase in experiences of racism toward Asian Americans and a continuation of racism toward other marginalized groups. This research explores the relationship between remote work, discrimination, and intra-minority solidarity. In Study 1, Asian Americans who worked remotely during the pandemic reported fewer racial discrimination experiences than those who worked in person. Study 2 demonstrated that both Asian and Black Americans who worked hybrid reported less interpersonal conflict and stress but more positive affect and control when they worked remotely than when in the office. Studies 3-5 examined how Asian Americans make meaning out of these pandemic circumstances. In the studies, learning about Asian Americans’ discrimination experiences during the pandemic promoted attitudes and policy preferences for reducing discrimination for all marginalized groups. We discuss the psychological implications of remote work and other equity-enhancing policy for intra-minority solidarity.
Teaching Content and Language in CLIL (CLIL): Dual Objective, Dual Gain?
Authors: Szmalec Arnaud , Simonis Morgane , Hauspie Cathy , Ordonez Magro Laura , Hiligsmann Philippe , Van Mensel Luk , Galand Benoit
Published: January 2025

Background: An emerging trend has been observed in the number of schools offering Content and Language Integrated Learning (CLIL) programs, where academic content is taught through a foreign language. The studies exploring the impact of CLIL programs on content learning are scarce and produce inconsistent results.Aims: The current study examines the acquisition of academic content learned in a foreign language in CLIL education, when pupils are tested in the main school language.Sample: The sample consisted of 725 sixth grade primary and twelfth grade secondary education pupils enrolled in CLIL and in non-CLIL, in French-speaking Belgium.Methods: Content learning was examined by collecting the end-of-curriculum official external evaluations for the participants. The external evaluation for primary pupils focused on mathematics, history and geography, sciences, and French, while it focused on history and French for secondary pupils. The particularity of these evaluations is that they are identical for all schools in French-speaking Belgium.Results: Although academic subjects are instructed in a foreign, non-dominant language (i.e., English or Dutch), CLIL pupils successfully achieve their school curriculum (just like non-CLIL pupils do) and are able to acquire content in a foreign language, even though the assessment takes place in the main school language (i.e., French). These results remained stable even when controlling for cognitive and demographic confounding variables.Conclusion: CLIL pupils do not seem to be at a disadvantage for the acquisition of academic content, compared to non-CLIL pupils.
ESM-Q: A Consensus-Based Quality Assessment Tool for Experience Sampling Method Items
Authors: Eisele Gudrun , Hiekkaranta Anu Pauliina , Kunkels Yoram Kevin , aan het Rot Marije , van Ballegooijen Wouter , Bartels Sara Laureen , Bastiaansen Jojanneke A. , Beymer Patrick N. , Bylsma Lauren , Carpenter Ryan William , Ellison William D. , Fisher Aaron Jason , Forkmann Thomas , Frumkin Madelyn , Fulford Daniel , Naragon-Gainey Kristin , Greene Talya , Heininga Vera Ellen , Jones Andrew , Kalokerinos Elise Katherine , Kuppens Peter , Modecki Kathryn , Müller Fabiola , Neubauer Andreas B. , Panaite Vanessa , Schneider Maude , Sun Jessie , Wilson Stephen Jeffrey , Zygar-Hoffmann Caroline , Myin-Germeys Inez , Kirtley Olivia J
Published: January 2025

The Experience Sampling Method (ESM) is increasingly used by researchers from various disciplines to answer novel questions about individuals’ daily lives. Measurement best practices have long been overlooked in ESM research, and recent reviews show that item quality is often not reported in ESM studies. The absence of information about item quality may partly be explained by the lack of consensus on how ESM item quality should be evaluated. As part of the ESM Item Repository project (esmitemrepository.com) — an international open science initiative that collects ESM items in an open item bank and evaluates their quality — we brought together 42 international ESM experts to develop an ESM item quality assessment tool. In four Delphi phases, experts suggested 57 item quality criteria, rated the criteria, provided arguments for and against the criteria, and rated the criteria again, considering reflections from other experts. The result of the Delphi process is ESM-Q: A quality assessment tool consisting of 10 core criteria, as well as an additional 15 supplementary criteria, to be used depending on the type of items being rated and the availability of supplementary information. The criteria cover topics ranging from construct validity to the optimal wording of items. ESM-Q can aid ESM researchers in selecting existing ESM items, developing new high-quality ESM items, and evaluating the quality of ESM items in systematic reviews. Expert reflections also highlight open research questions surrounding ESM item design that form a research agenda for ESM measurement.
A research note on the cohabitation gradient in parents’ childcare time in Germany
Authors: Schulz Florian , Tumeltshammer Sören
Published: January 2025

Objective: To examine differences in time use for primary childcare between non-cohabiting and cohabiting mothers and fathers in Germany between 1991/92 and 2022.Background: Facing the task of balancing paid and unpaid work on their own, non-cohabiting parents face different demands and time binds in allocating time for childcare compared to cohabiting parents. Current evidence how this translates into different patterns of time use for childcare is mixed and nonexistent for Germany.Methods: We applied OLS regression to estimate non-cohabiting (n=968) and cohabiting (4,486) mothers’ and fathers’ (n=76 and n=4,416, respectively) time use for primary childcare using time diary data of the four surveys of the German Time Use Study from 1991/1992, 2001/2002, 2012/2013, and 2022 (n=10,202 diaries for mothers, and n=8,388 diaries for fathers).Results: Non-cohabiting mothers spent more time on primary childcare than cohabiting mothers in 1991/1992, but this negative gradient virtually disappeared and was basically nonexistent since 2001/2002. Non-cohabiting fathers spent more time doing primary childcare than cohabiting fathers, although this finding rested on very small case numbers.Conclusion: Non-cohabiting mothers did not seem to reduce their time for childcare when compared to cohabiting mothers, whereas non-cohabiting fathers seemed to meet the need of more childcare, compared to cohabiting fathers.
‘देवासुर सङ्ग्राम’ महाकाव्यमा मिथकको ऐतिहासीकरण
Authors: गडतौला Gadtaula नारायणप्रसाद Narayan prasad
Published: January 2025

मोदनाथ प्रश्रितद्वारा लिखित ‘देवासुर सङ्ग्राम’ महाकाव्य पुराणहरूमा वर्णित देवता र असुरहरूको मिथकीय वस्तुमा आधारित छ । देवासुर सङ्ग्राममा मिथकको ऐतिहासिकरण कसरी गरिएको छ भन्ने मुख्य समस्यामा केन्द्रित रही पाठ विश्लेषण विधिबाट निष्कर्ष निकालिएको छ । यसमा पुराणमा वर्णित देवासुर सङ्ग्रामसम्बन्धी मिथकलाई यसै भूगोलका विभिन्न सन्दर्भहरुसँग र मानव विकासमा देखिएका आर्य र आर्यइतर जातिको सन्दर्भ जोड्दै इतिहासमा घटित घटनाका रुपमा पौराणिक विषयवस्तुको पुनव्र्याख्या गरी निष्कर्ष निकालिएको छ । विभिन्न समय र सन्दर्भमा देव तथा असुरका बिच हुने युलाई ऐतिहासिक सन्दर्भ प्रदान गर्दै भिन्न भिन्न जातिबिच र विशेष गरेर आर्य र अनार्य जातिबिचको ऐतिहासिक युद्धका रूपमा चित्रण गरेर महाकाव्यकार प्रश्रितले मिथकको ऐतिहासीकरण गरेका छन् । पदार्थको द्वन्द्व, सत् र असत्को द्वन्द्व, दैवी र दानवी वृत्तिको द्वन्द्व आदि अनेक अर्थमा अथ्र्याइने देवासुर सङ्ग्रामलाई ऐतिहासिक स्वरू प्रदान गर्दै अतिसाधारणीकृत रूपमा मिथकीय पात्रको लैनिकीकरण गर्नु यसमा निहित मिथकीय चेतना हो । यसमा देवासर सङ्ग्राममा अभिव्यक्त मिथकको ऐतिहासीकरणमा सीमित रही महाकाव्यको मिथकीय विश्लेषण गरिएको छ ।
मन्त्रीको मुस्कानमा राजनीतिक अराजकता
Authors: थापा Thapa अशोक Ashok
Published: January 2025

प्रस्तुत अनुसन्धानात्मक लेखमा राजनीतिक अराजकताको सिद्धान्तलाई आधार मानी मन्त्रीको मुस्कान लघुकथासङ्ग्रहको विश्लेषण गरिएको छ । राजनीतिक अराजकताले राजनीतिशास्त्रमा थियरी अफ चाओज्को रूपमा परिभाषित गरिएको छ । प्रारम्भमा यो अवधारणा राजनीतिक चिन्तनको रूपमा विकसित भए पनि समाजका विभिन्न क्षेत्रमा प्रवेश गर्दै जाँदा साहित्यमा समेत राजनीतिक अराजकता, विसङ्गति र अकर्मन्यताजस्ता विषयहरूसँग सम्बद्ध रहेको पाइएको छ । यस लेखको संरचना अन्तर्विषयक दृष्टिकोणमा आधारित छ । सामाजिक विज्ञानका रूपमा राजनीतिक सिद्धान्तको भूमिका हुने र साहित्यसमेत सामाजिक उत्पादन भएकोले स्वतः साहित्यमा राजनीतिक असङ्गतिको विमर्शले स्थान पाएको देखिन्छ । यद्यपि, नेपाली साहित्यमा राजनीतिक विसङ्गतिको अध्ययनको कमी रहेको परिप्रेक्ष्यमा यो लेख अनुसन्धानका लागि महत्वपूर्ण आधार बनेको छ । नेपाली साहित्यको समाजशास्त्रीय र सांस्कृतिक अध्ययनको सापेक्षतामा राजनीतिक अराजकताका विषयमा थोरै काम भए पनि यसप्रकारका प्रारम्भिक अध्ययनहरू हाल नेपालमा देखा पर्न थालेका छन् । प्रस्तुत लेखमा गुणात्मक अनुसन्धान विधि प्रयोग गरिएको छ । सामग्रीसङ्कलनका क्रममा पुस्तकालय अध्ययन र इन्टरनेटजस्ता विद्युतीय माध्यमहरूको उपयोग गरिएको छ । यस अध्ययनका लागि मन्त्रीको मुस्कान कृति प्राथमिक स्रोतका रूपमा प्रयोग गरिएको छ भने यस कृतिबारे भएका अघिल्ला कार्यहरू द्वितीय सामग्रीका रूपमा उल्लेखित छन् । विशेषतः राजनीतिशास्त्रबाट साहित्यमा प्रवेश गरेका सैद्धान्तिक ग्रन्थहरू यस लेखका द्वितीयक सामग्री हुन् । यसमा विश्लेषणका लागि सैद्धान्तिक आधार निर्माण गरी सूचकहरू तयार पारिएका छन् र ती सूचकहरूको प्रयोग गरेर सङ्ग्रहको विश्लेषण गरिएको छ । आजसम्म राजनीतिशास्त्रीय सिद्धान्तका आधारमा नेपाली लघुकथाको विश्लेषण नभएकाले यो अध्ययनलाई नवीन र नवप्रवर्तनात्मक कार्य मान्न सकिन्छ । विशेषतः नेपालमा राजनीतिक अकर्मन्यताको सीमाले नाघेको वर्तमान सन्दर्भलाई लामिछानेको प्रस्तुत लघुकथासङ्ग्रहमा राजनीतिक विसङ्गतिको प्रयोग स्पष्ट रूपमा देख्न सकिन्छ । भविष्यमा यस विषयमा थप अध्ययन गर्न चाहने अनुसन्धानकर्ताहरूका लागि यो लेख आधिकारिक आधार बन्ने सुनिश्चित छ ।
Basics of Academic Writing in English
Authors: Bhandari Bhim Lal , Bhandari Sabina
Published: January 2025

Writing an academic paper is a challenging task that demands advanced linguistic skills and adherence to the standards of academic writing in higher education. Academic writing is a formal, structured, and evidence-based mode of communication designed to convey knowledge objectively and persuasively within scholarly contexts. This paper aims to explore the basics of academic writing in English. It briefly discusses its major characteristic features, basic conventions, the politics of academic language and its spirit. The findings suggest that academic writing is a rigorous, evidence-based process that parallels scientific inquiry, fostering knowledge, promoting logical reasoning, and addressing the interplay between linguistic diversity and the dominance of English in academia.
Who is Reading the Texts in Nepalese ELT Classes? Teachers? Or Students?
Authors: Kshetree Arun Kumar , Jyoti Rameswar , KC Kamala , Pokhrel Prem Raj , Gyawali Shiva Kumar
Published: January 2025

The present paper is a case analysis of four secondary level English teachers teaching in community schools and institutional schools of Butwal Sub-metropolitan city related to the teaching of English reading skills in our secondary schools. With the aim of finding out of the ways and attitudes of English teachers towards teaching English reading skills, the interview and class observation techniques were employed after developing an interview guideline and a class observation checklist. The purposively selected teachers  expressed their views on different issues of teaching reading in the ELT classes. They presented many problems of teaching reading and suggested ways of making the teaching of reading skills more effective.The common points to improve they suggested include restructuring the curricula, incorporating the technology in teaching and learning of reading skills and selecting culturally relevant and useful texts for the students to read. They also recommended that the teaching of reading can not be improved until w e move away from the exam centered teaching of reading and if we cannot stop teachers from paraphrasing the texts to the students and not encouraging them to read the texts, we cannot expect any change in the ways of teaching English reading in Nepal.
Resisting Patriarchy: Analyzing Gender Dynamics in Chandrakala Newar's “Agnisnan” and “Hunger”
Authors: Bhusal Tilak , Bhattarai Krishna Prasad
Published: January 2025

Nepalese short fictions paint the social reality with a seamless gaze, juxtaposing women's struggle through an apparently meaningless existence. In capitalist society, the nuclear family is the best combination of the parts of the mode of reproduction from the standpoint of capital, and its oppressive qualities have been exhaustively analyzed in feminist literature. This paper explores the capitalist structures, processes, and contradictions that, at the mode of production level, create observed forms of gender inequality that are always historical in the Marxist sense. As a result, social reality should focus not only on the characteristics that it shares with past periods but also on those that are unique to the mode of production in question. Nepali short fictions disclose the domestic violence that Nepalese women are bound to face. In the selected two stories, characters like Junu and Shanti are doomed to face domestic violence because of their economic dependency on their male partners. So, without being economically independent, women in Nepalese society cannot celebrate their total freedom. The qualitative data analysis technique is adopted using feminism and gender studies as a theoretical methodology of this research.
Assessing Customer Awareness of Sales Promotion Strategies at Bhat-Bhateni Supermarket in Nepal
Authors: Devkota Chiranjivi
Published: January 2025

This study investigates the role of consumer awareness in determining the effectiveness of sales promotion strategies employed by Bhat-Bhateni Supermarket in Nepal. From the theoretical perspectives of the consumer decision-making process, the research explains various ways in which demographic factors, communication, and the type of promotion influence purchase decisions. The study, in a descriptive research design with responses from 120 respondents, finds that the non-price-based promotions comprising loyalty programs and bonus packs will eventually ensure consumer loyalty for a long period rather than price-based promotion. It also points out that one must make use of digital platforms while targeting the tech-savvy consumer base among the youth along with demographic preferences by framing promotional strategy targeting their preferences. Results have pointed out the need for a balanced promotional mix that incorporates monetary and emotional incentives in pursuit of maximum short-term sales and long-term customer engagement.
A Sociological Exploration of Road Accessibility and its Influence on People's Livelihood
Authors: Pandey Bachu Kailash , Pathak Jagat Raj
Published: January 2025

This paper tries to exploration of the road accessibility and its influence on people's livelihood. The primary objective of this study was to assess the impact of road accessibility on the livelihoods of rural residents in Gothikada village, located in Birendranagar Municipality-14, Surkhet. Fieldwork methods, including direct observation, interviews, and case study, were utilized to gather data. The findings reveal that Gothikada lacked essential social services, requiring residents to travel to Birendranagar Bazaar for access. Prior to the enhancement of road infrastructure, villagers faced substantial hardship due to limited access to these services. However, following road improvements, residents gained easier access to services in nearby areas, positively influencing their quality of life. The study further documents both positive and negative effects of improved road accessibility on the villagers, examining shifts in their daily livelihood activities and the broader relationship between infrastructure development and socio-economic conditions. The research highlights the transformative role of road accessibility in shaping rural livelihoods and community dynamics of the study area.
Living room design using Kansei Engineering approach with toddler safety aspect
Authors: Hanifati Azizah Nurul , Azmi Nora , Habyba Anik Nur
Published: January 2025

Toddlers experience physical accidents in the house at a rate of 90 percent. Based on observations, the living room was the most dangerous part of the building compared to other parts. That condition made the parents feel that the safety of their little one was not fully supported. This study aims to design a living room that is safe and comfortable for Toddlers. The design output supports the interior designers in creating a safer Toddler environment. Kansei Engineering guides the identification of living room design for parents looking for their toddlers' safety. The Kansei words gathered from the study are comfortable, multifunction, safe, easy to clean, simple, large capacity, and harmonious. These Kansei words injected into the concept design, which is the harmonious design concept and the simple design concept, by using Principal Component Analysis. The harmonious design has a wood table (X5.1) with a sofa (X7.2) and TV (X9.1) and no flower vase (X11.2) as its decoration, while the simple design has a plastic table (X5.2) with a wood seat (X7.1) and with flower vase (X11.1) but no TV (X9.2). The insights gathered were designed with Blender 3D and integrated with virtual reality Oculus simulation through the SketchFab website.
Food waste in Indonesia: Assessing readiness for valorization
Authors: Immawan Taufiq
Published: January 2025

In Indonesia, 23-48 million tons of food waste are generated annually, causing economic losses of IDR 213-551 trillion or around 4-5% of GDP. Food waste offers potential for valorization into products like animal feed, organic fertilizer, and biofuel but faces challenges such as technological limitations, high costs, and safety concerns. This study examines the safety of food waste-derived products for human and animal use, focusing on applications in animal feed, the food industry, cosmetics, bio-refinery, and organic fertilizers. Key processes include contaminant removal and safety assessments, though limited studies address physicochemical, microbiological, and toxic contaminant evaluations. Identified gaps in Indonesian regulations, particularly regarding safety standards, highlight the need for clearer guidelines and support for eco-friendly technologies. Enhancing these frameworks can ensure the safe and sustainable valorization of food waste.
On Defending History with Big, Short Books on Broad Topics
Authors: Cortada James W.
Published: January 2025

This article argues that historians can increase the relevance of history, defending its value for students and the public at large by exercising their research and writing skills to address the interests of wider audiences beyond that of scholars. They are admonished to write on broad historical themes, suggest ‘lessons of history,’ and provide context for current issues and problems evident in society. Five reminders of how historians do that demonstrate the recommendations in action. Suggestions for scholarly and trade publishers are included.
Message plants of Southern Vanuatu
Authors: Plunkett Gregory M. , Balick Michael J. , Dovo Presley , Wahe Jean-Pascal , Neriam Reuben , Kelso Neal , Ramík Dominik M. , Ramík Nadine , Harrison K. David
Published: January 2025

People in the southern Vanuatu islands of Aneityum and Tanna use plants as communication devices, a function which we call ‘message plants’. Certain species of plants are held, worn, or placed in specific locations with the intention of delivering messages with varied semantic content. In the cultural context of southern Vanuatu, message plants serve as an important parallel channel of communication, alongside spoken languages, and in some cases are considered more appropriate or effective means of conveying a message.
Hermes y la pregunta por el ser del ente
Authors: Rodríguez Jáuregui Álvaro Miguel
Published: January 2025

Rodríguez Jáuregui, Álvaro Miguel. Hermes y la pregunta por el ser del ente. Las acciones del dios griego Hermes en la literatura antigua tienen una misma figura de fondo: el ‘paso’, un salir. Los estudios de Kerényi facilitan exponer a Hermes en ese modo de actuar como ‘paso’. De este ‘paso’ en el que Hermes es el que lleva, saca a la luz el ser, se genera un espacio entre el ente y el ser de ese ente que fue sacado a la luz. Ésta es la acción más importante de Hermes, hacer salir lo que está en la cueva, en lo oscuro, en el olvido, en el Hades. El espacio hermético que queda entre el ser y su ente es el espacio donde pretendemos plantear la repetición de la pregunta por el ser, como ser de un ente. Heidegger ha hecho ya tal repetición: la pregunta por el sentido del ser. Pero pretendemos volver a la pregunta por el ser, no en relación con el ente Dasein, sino en la respectividad del ser con su ente: en el espacio hermético de donde Hermes hace salir.
El campo de las y los defensores de los derechos humanos en México
Authors: Velasco Yáñez David
Published: January 2025

Velasco Yáñez, David, S.J. El campo de las y los defensores de los derechos humanos en México. Conclusiones generales. El artículo da cuenta de las conclusiones y hallazgos de la investigación sobre el campo de las y los defensores de los derechos humanos en México. Por un lado, se recoge una serie de constataciones sobre las principales luchas que se dan en el campo y, por otro, las líneas de prácticas que llevan al fortalecimiento del movimiento por los derechos humanos, tales como debates teóricos y prácticos y propuestas en torno a un conjunto de medidas de seguridad que rebasen la conflictividad interna y procuren estrategias de autocuidado y humanización de la lucha por hacer vigentes todos los derechos para todos y todas.
Reconstrucción de un largo camino: del EZLN al CNI
Authors: De Santiago Ávalos Karina , Villalobos Ibarra Ana María , García Ríos Elías Iván
Published: January 2025

De Santiago Ávalos, Karina; Villalobos Ibarra, Ana María; García Ríos, Elías Iván. Reconstrucción de un largo camino: del EZLN al CNI. Segunda parte. En esta segunda parte se desarrollan los elementos que conciernen el Quinto Congreso Nacional Indígena, la conformación de un Concejo Indígena de Gobierno, la elección de una vocera como candidata independiente en las elecciones presidenciales de 2018, el proceso de recolección de firmas y el resultado final de la campaña. Por último, se propone un balance del recorrido de Marichuy y de las resoluciones del Congreso Nacional Indígena en clara oposición a la política partidista que persigue el poder.
Paideia y pedagogía: reflexiones sobre el imaginario educativo
Authors: Casanueva Baptista Alonso
Published: January 2025

Casanueva Baptista, Alonso. Paideia y pedagogía: reflexiones sobre el imaginario educativo. Una tarea propia a la filosofía y la sociología es la de pensar la educación como institución central de la sociedad. Haciendo uso de la obra de Cornelius Castoriadis, el presente artículo examina el lugar que ocupa la educación respecto a las actividades sociales más importantes, y la concibe como un imaginario caracterizado por su capacidad creativa y su tendencia hacia modos de vida en común más democráticos. Esta aproximación permite reconsiderar la conexión existente entre proyectos educativos y la cultura en la que emergen.
De Marx a Mariátegui, acumulación originaria y comunidad agraria
Authors: Rabiela Beretta Aldo
Published: January 2025

Rabiela Beretta Aldo. De Marx a Mariátegui, acumulación originaria y comunidad agraria. El artículo investiga la relación entre acumulación originaria y comunidad agraria en Marx y en Mariátegui. En primer lugar, se demuestra la compatibilidad conceptual entre ambos autores y, en segundo lugar, se presentan las correspondencias entre sus posiciones teóricas. Lo anterior contribuye a discutir nuevamente el proceso de acumulación originaria en Latinoamérica y su relación con las estructuras comunitarias existentes. La investigación utiliza como base para la reconstrucción teórica de los conceptos en Marx, los Grundrisse de 1857-58 y los borradores de la carta dirigida a Vera Sassulitsch en 1881. Para la reconstrucción teórica en Mariátegui, el artículo recupera los Siete ensayos de interpretación de la realidad peruana, y los textos El problema de las razas en América Latina y Principios programáticos del partido socialista
A Rare Case Report of Para Testicular Rhabdomyosarcoma in An Elderly Man
Authors: Potdar Ojas
Published: January 2025

Para testicular embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) is a rare tumour arising from the mesenchymal tissues of the spermatic cord, epididymis, testis and testicular tunics. We present a rare case of a 67-year-old male diagnosed to have a left sided Para testicular rhabdomyosarcoma managed by surgical excision and followed by chemotherapy.
Diagnostic Pitfalls in Diffuse Interstitial Lung Damage, Presentation of Clinical Cases
Authors: Ştefania Dobre Simona-
Published: January 2025

Diffuse interstitial lesions of the lung parenchyma pose complex problems of positive and differential diagnosis, the etiological spectrum including:

Bacterial (pulmonary tuberculosis-miliary form, brucellosis), fungal (aspergillosis, histoplasmosis), parasitic (pneumocystosis, toxoplasmosis) or viral (SARS-CoV2, HIV) infections
Non-infectious diseases (pneumoconiosis, collagenosis/vasculitis, carcinomatosis, hypersensitivity pneumonitis, etc.).
We present three clinical cases with similar radiological images, namely diffuse interstitial lung damage, but with different diagnosis and etiologies: sarcoidosis stage III of the disease, pulmonary fibrosis after SARS-CoV2 infection, and carcinomatous lymphangitis. In all three cases, the chest computer tomography was the basic investigation in the diagnosis of the lung disease, but the diagnosis of certainty required the performance of other investigative methods.
The Use of Problem Solvıng Therapy in Psychıatrıc Problems in Adolescents
Authors: LOK Neslihan
Published: January 2025

For a healthy development, individuals must have completely completed their own developmental stages in each period. Adolescence, which is one of these developmental periods, is a different and special period, separate from childhood and adulthood, in which many basic developmental characteristics are acquired. It is stated that psychiatric symptoms and disorders seen in adult life begin in early ages and the problem continues over the years. Problem-solving therapy is one of the methods that is increasingly used in the treatment of mental problems in adolescents today. For this reason, it is important in terms of eliminating the negative effects of the problems they encounter in adolescence and facilitating them to cope effectively by increasing their resilience to the problems in question.
Hyponatremia With Carbamazepine Intoxication
Authors: Karakuş Ali
Published: January 2025

Carbamazepine is one of the anticonvulsant drugs that is frequently used in the treatment of epilepsy and is known to be safe. Although it is safe, it sometimes causes serious toxicity and even death. In addition to its pharmacological effects such as sedation, anticholinergic, antidepressant and antidiuretic, carbamazepine causes serious hyponatremia. In adults, values above 40ug/ml cause serious toxicities such as coma, respiratory depression and dysrhythmias.
Tensiones del cuidado y la organización patriarcal en el activismo sindical: lecciones de profesoras chilenas y españolas
Authors: Verdejo Valenzuela Tabisa Arlet , Ortiz Mallegas Sebastián , Carrasco Aguilar Claudia
Published: January 2025

Introducción: Los estudios sobre feminismo en educación reportan importantes diferencias entre los roles que desempeñan hombres y mujeres en el espacio público. En los espacios sindicales se observan peculiaridades en la conformación de los liderazgos docentes femeninos relacionadas con la reproducción de estereotipos y brechas de género. Sin embargo, es aún incipiente el estudio de las experiencias que viven las profesoras en estos espacios. Metodología: En este contexto, se desarrolla un estudio de casos comparados, entrevistando 24 docentes en Chile y España para analizar las comprensiones del trabajo sindical, las preocupaciones y tensiones que se suscitan en el ejercicio de esta labor. Resultados: Los resultados muestran importantes diferencias en la forma de significar la labor sindical, más también elementos comunes sobre las dificultades que se presentan en el desarrollo de esta labor asociado a la feminización de la docencia y del trabajo sindical. Discusión y conclusiones: En ambos grupos se significa esta actividad como una acción de ayuda y cuidado, con diferencias respecto de considerarla o no, un trabajo, y las tensiones de la conciliación trabajo-familia, mientras que se propone otras formas de participación. Se discuten las aportaciones de estos resultados para el avance del sindicalismo docente y la construcción de nuevas luchas y activismos docentes.
Estudio de la variación del grado de octanaje mediante mezclas de gasolinas extra, súper y aditivo mejorador de octanaje en Ecuador
Authors: Morillo Chandi Grace , Muñoz Morayma , Freire Cárdenas Luis Miguel , Rosero Espín Marco
Published: January 2025

Introducción: El uso de la gasolina a nivel mundial sigue creciendo, impactando la economía y la geopolítica. En Ecuador, se comercializan gasolinas con diferentes RON: Extra (85), Eco País (87) y Súper (95). Se evaluó la variación del octanaje de mezclas de gasolinas y la adición de aditivos mejoradores de octanaje. Metodología: Los experimentos se realizaron en la Refinería Estatal de Esmeraldas utilizando un Octanómetro tipo chispa, se plantearon tres tipos de muestras: mezclas de Extra con Súper, Eco País con Súper, y Extra con aditivos, la información obtenida se añadió a la base de datos del método FTIR para identificar el RON de manera más rápida y precisa. Resultados: Los resultados del FTIR fueron consistentes en un 99% con el Octanómetro. Las mezclas de gasolinas mostraron variaciones en el RON, mientras que la adición de aditivos a la gasolina de 85-RON solo incrementó 1.9 el RON en un solo caso. Discusión: A pesar de que este trabajo no es comparable a otros, debido a las características de la gasolina en Ecuador, creemos necesario pasar al estudio de las diferentes mezclas midiendo otros parámetros como el MON y compuestos oxigenados. Conclusiones: Las mezclas de combustible en diferentes proporcionan si representa una alternativa técnica para el consumidor. Además, se mejoró la prueba de análisis rápido con una curva consistente con el método del octanómetro tipo chispa.
Arte contemporáneo y educación: una revisión de la literatura sobre proyectos de investigación en el aula
Authors: Vives Yolanda
Published: January 2025

Introducción: El presente estudio se orienta desde la investigación documental con un método bibliográfico para la recolección de la información, procesamiento y presentación de resultados. Desde este enfoque, se busca explorar y analizar la relación entre el arte contemporáneo y la educación primaria como objeto de estudio dentro de un corpus documental para establecer relaciones y enunciados que permitan su comprensión en el contexto determinado por los objetivos investigativos. Metodología: se desarrollan tres fases en las que se identifican las fuentes primarias y secundarias de información, se analiza la información con la técnica de análisis de contenido y se establece los presupuestos teóricos para interpretar y afirmar categóricas según los objetivos determinados. Resultados: revelan que la integración del arte contemporáneo en la educación primaria beneficia al desarrollo de competencias críticas como el pensamiento crítico, la creatividad y la empatía cultural, y enfrenta desafíos que requieren un análisis profundo. Discusión y conclusiones: la investigación concluye que la revisión de la literatura muestra que el arte contemporáneo es fundamental a pesar de las limitaciones, como la falta de formación docente específica y la disponibilidad de recursos, los beneficios potenciales son suficientes para respaldar la inclusión en los programas educativos.