bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Immunopathogenetic role of plasmocytoid dendritic cells in Epstein-Barr virus infection
Authors: Uchaeva O. N. , Tryakina I. P. , Sapronov G. V. , Demina O. I.
Published: January 2020

Plasmocytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) play a key role in immunity against most viruses, given their unparalleled ability to produce large amounts of IFN I type. Studies aimed at studying pDCs in Epstein-Barr virus infection (EBV) are still few. The outcome of EBV largely depends on the ability of the patient’s immune system to form an adequate immune defense, that provides not only a rapid recovery, but also prevents the prolonged course of the disease, leading to the development of immune deficiency and other complications. The development of effective immunorehabilitation of EBV, able to prevent the chronization of this disease, remains one of the most important areas of scientific and practical activities.
Epidemiological diagnosis of infections associated with provision of medical care at current state
Authors: Orlova O. A. , Tutelyan A. V. , Zamyatin M. N. , Akimkin V. G.
Published: January 2020

The risk-based approach to the prevention of healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) is entirely based on the results of a well-organized epidemiological diagnosis, which is aimed primarily at identifying risk factors. The structure of the risk-based approach includes risk identification, risk identification and risk analysis. One of the important points of epidemiological diagnosis is epidemiological observation. For the organization of epidemiological surveillance, both passive and active methods are used. The active method is the most effective, since it is an active search and identification of cases of HAIs using the standard definition of cases and the results of laboratory examination of patients from risk groups. To organize such work, a commission is formed in each medical organization, which should include an epidemiologist, clinical pharmacologist, expert doctor, laboratory assistant, head nurse, and a pharmacy employee. The functions of each participant depend on the organization of the general system for identifying HAIs in this organization. The proposed model of a risk-based approach to the epidemiological diagnosis of HAIs allows timely identification of groups and risk factors both in the context of individual departments and the medical organization as a whole, and, accordingly, to develop effective measures for the prevention of infections associated with the provision of medical care.
Thyroid disease in peri‑ and postmenopause period (literature review)
Authors: Zaidieva Ya. Z. , Glazkova A. V. , Kruchinina E. V.
Published: January 2020

The interpretation of thyroid function tests should be cautiously made during the perimenopause and postmenopause period bearing in mind that physiologic changes do exist in this group of women in terms of secretion and metabolism of thyrotropin and thyroid hormones. Moreover the incidence of thyroid disorders increases in postmenopausal and elderly women. There is no consensus for screening postmenopausal women even though there is well‑known evidence about the effect of thyroid status on cognitive function, cardiovascular risk, bone turnover, and longevity. The diagnosis of any thyroid disorder is challenging in these patients because the symptoms are more subtle and attributed to menopausal symptoms. Management requires more attention in this population than that of younger groups, because high doses of L‑thyroxine can lead to cardiac complications and increased bone turnover. Furthermore radio‑iodine is preferred in treatment of hyperthyroidism in older patients. The risk of nodular thyroid disease and thyroid cancers increases in this group. Although the diagnostic approach is the same as for young patients, the risk of surgery is high and disease prognosis is worse. Decision for menopausal hormonal therapy should be individualized regardless of the concomitant presence of thyroid disorders.
Case of successful completion of pregnancy in patient with recurrent miscarriage with concomitant thrombophilia in anamnesis
Authors: Yashchuk A. G. , Fatkullina I. B. , Maslennikov A. V. , Berg E. A. , Mazhidova Z. Sh. , Valieva L. K. , Kostromin A. V.
Published: January 2020

A clinical case of successful management of a patient with recurrent miscarriage on the background of antiphospholipid syndrome, Asherman syndrome, high‑risk hereditary thrombophilia combined with hyperhomocysteinemia. The rationale for a personalized selection of pathogenetic therapy, starting with the stage of pregravid preparation and ending with the postpartum period are described in detail.
Features of lifestyle index in patients with borderline and benign ovarian tumors
Authors: Chugunova N. A. , Yasko B. A. , Pokul L. V.
Published: January 2020

The originality of the profile of psychological defenses (c, LSY) of women suffering from borderline and benign ovarian tumors is considered. The concepts of constructive LSY profile and non‑constructive LSY profile are introduced. It is shown that the most pronounced tendency to constructive ego‑defenses is among patients with benign ovarian tumors, which is directly related to the process of restoration of their reproductive potential. In patients representing groups of borderline ovarian tumors, the complexity of the course of the disease, the insufficient success of reproduction is accompanied by subjectively reduced self‑esteem, frustration, which is reflected in the predominance of the non‑constructive profile of LSY.

Conclusion. The psychological portrait of patients with benign ovarian tumors, characterized by various types of protective behavior, it is advisable to consider when planning the management of this patient population.
Comparative analysis of social indicators of life affecting choice of prosthetic dental restoration
Authors: Fyodorova N. S. , Saleev R. A. , Viktorov V. N.
Published: January 2020

The proposed article deals with a summary of characteristics of statistical data that illustrate sociological peculiarities specific for the elderly and senile patients who have sought prosthodontic treatment in the Municipal dental polyclinic in the city of Cheboksary. The article outlines the factors influencing the choice of a type of prosthetic dental restoration. All the described factors are given in an order of priority. Based on the public and social significance of the problem the authors show the relevance of the work on studying the oral health related quality of life of elderly people. The article describes the current population aging trend and peculiarities of the socialization of elderly people in the modern society. It also describes results of own studies encompassing a comparative analysis of social indicators of life of the elderly people in the city of Cheboksary in the Chuvash Republic which influence the choice of a type of prosthetic dental restoration.
X-ray symptoms of odontogenic osteonecrosis of jaw, arised under influence of phosphorus-containing compounds
Authors: Nesterov A. A. , Yakhyaeva E. R. , Tulaeva E. V.
Published: January 2020

Тhe present article dwells upon the problem of the radiological diagnostics of the odontogenic jaw osteosteonecrosis, typical for the persons with the addiction to the drugs, containing phosphorus. Тhe research of the radiological evidence, typical for the aforesaid ailment is the goal of this article. Тhe patients are divided into 5 groups, the clinical situations are illustrated by radiographs, cone-beam and multispiral computer scans. Тhe signs discovered are applied as a basis for the rational surgical and medication treatment, and make it possible to differentiate between the odontogenic osteomyelitis of the commonplace etiology and desomorphine osteonecrosis as regards the patients with drug addiction.
History of development of quality management system and its application in practice of healthcare institutions
Authors: Svishchev A. V. , Godkov M. A. , Borovkova N. V. , Mironov A. S. , Ponomaryov I. N. , Andreev Yu. V.
Published: January 2020

The review considers the evolutionary process of development of the world economy, which implies the need and inevitability of the implementation of quality management system in all areas of production and services, in particular health care to improve the efficiency and quality of care and increase patient satisfaction in the quality and volume of services received.
Non-convulsive status epilepticus diagnostics in severe brain injury: dynamics of clinical-electroencephalographic criteria
Authors: Aleksandrov M. V. , Povalyukhina E. S. , Alexandrova T. V. , Ulitin A. Yu.
Published: January 2020

Non-convulsive status epilepticus (NCSE) in case of severe traumatic brain injury is the reason for the persistence of a long unconscious state in the postcomatose period. Currently, there are no unified EEG-criteria for the diagnosis of non-convulsive status epilepticus. The proposed diagnostic criteria do not provide the neurodynamics of the damaged brain. The results, obtained in this work, allow us to clarify the relationship between the duration of the postcomatose period and the severity of pathological changes on the EEG. Diagnostic criteria for NCSE are proposed for the different periods of the acute period of traumatic brain damage. In the first 3–5 days of a postcomatose unconscious state, NCSE is diagnosed with an epileptiform activity index of at least 50 %. When the unconscious state lasts more than 7–10 days, the registration of epileptiform activity with an index of more than 25–30 % is a sufficient criterion for the diagnosis of NCSE. It has been shown that the formation of non-convulsive epileptic status can occur “delayed”, after more than 10–14 days from the moment of restoration of spontaneous respiration, which necessitates EEG monitoring throughout the entire period of the unconscious state in patients with severe brain injury.
PEMBELAJARAN INKUIRI BERBASIS MULTIMEDIA INTERAKTIF PADA MATERI OPTIK UNTUK MENINGKATKAN PENGUASAAN KONSEP DAN SIKAP BELAJAR SISWA
Authors: Ajizi Irfan , Pursitasari Indarini Dwi , Ardianto Didit
Published: January 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh pembelajaran inkuiri berbasis multimedia interaktif pada materi optik untuk meningkatkan penguasaan konsep dan sikap belajar siswa serta mengetahui tanggapan siswa terhadap pembelajaran inkuiri berbasis multimedia interaktif. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah eksperimen semu (quasi eksperimental) dengan menggunakan desain Pretest-Postest Control Group Design. Dalam desain ini terdapat dua kelompok yang dipilih secara random, kemudian diberi pretest sebelum pembelajaran dan setelah perlakuan selanjutnya diberi postest untuk mengetahui perbedaan setelah pembelajaran antara kelompok eksperimen dan kelompok kontrol. Instrumen yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini terdiri dari soal pilihan ganda untuk mengukur penguasaan konsep, lembar observasi untuk mengetahui sikap belajar siswa, dan angket tanggapan siswa terhadap pembelajaran inkuiri berbasis multimedia interaktif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa 1) Persentasi N-Gain penguasaan konsep pada siswa kelas kontrol sebesar 45,82% (sedang) dan kelas eksperimen sebesar 71,76% (tinggi). Terdapat perbedaan signifikan penguasaan konsep antara siswa kelas eksperimen dengan kelas kontrol setelah pelaksanaan pembelajaran. 2) Terdapat perbedaan signifikan sikap belajar antara siswa kelas eksperimen dengan kelas kontrol setelah pelaksanaan pembelajaran inkuiri berbasis multimedia interaktif, 3) Tanggapan siswa terhadap pembelajaran inkuiri berbasis multimedia interaktif memperoleh nilai 89.76% (sangat baik). Kata Kunci: Inkuiri, Multimedia Interaktif, Penguasaan Konsep, Sikap Belajar
A Novel LncRNA, AC091729.7 Promotes Sinonasal Squamous Cell Carcinomas Proliferation and Invasion Through Binding SRSF2
Authors: Yu Boyu , Qu Linmei , Wu Tianyi , Yan Bingrui , Kan Xuan , Zhao Xuehui , Yang Like , Li Yushan , Liu Ming , Tian Linli , Sun Yanan , Li Qiuying
Published: January 2020

Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) play important roles in various biological progresses of carcinogenesis. However, the function of lncRNAs in human sinonasal squamous cell carcinoma (SNSCC) remains greatly unclear. In the current study, lncRNA AC091729.7 expression was examined in SNSCC samples by using microarray, RNA in situ hybridization (ISH) and real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR (qRT-PCR). Cell viability, colony-formation, wound-healing, and transwell assays were applied to SNSCC cells. Xenograft mouse models were employed to evaluate the role of AC091729.7 in growth of SNSCC in vivo. Human protein microarray (HuprotTM Protoarray) and RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP) were used for identifying AC091729.7 binding proteins in SNSCC. Results showed AC091729.7 was upregulated and closely connected with the survival of the SNSCC patients. Knockdown of AC091729.7 suppressed SNSCC cell migration, proliferation, invasion in vitro. Furthermore, downregulation of AC091729.7 could inhibit the growth of SNSCC in vivo. Moreover, Human protein microarray and RIP suggested that AC091729.7 directly combine with the serine/arginine rich splicing factor 2 (SRSF2). Our results suggest that in the cell progression of SNSCC, lncRNA AC091729.7 plays a carcinogenic role and serves as a novel biomarker and latent curative target in SNSCC patients.
Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Cut Grasslands Renovated with Full Inversion Tillage, Shallow Tillage, and Use of a Tine Drill in Nasu, Japan
Authors: Mori Akinori
Published: January 2020

To restore the productivity of a deteriorated sward due to weed invasion, renovation (re-sowing) is necessary. However, the renovation method used can affect the sward’s greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and herbage yield. This study compared the effects of renovation using full inversion tillage (F), shallow tillage (S), or a tine drill (T) on the GHG emissions and herbage yield of a grassland in Nasu, Japan. Two adjacent grasslands were renovated in September 2015 (year 1) and 2016 (year 2). In each year, F, S, and T plots (5 m × 20 m each) were arranged in a randomized complete block design with four replications and then orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.) was seeded. All plots received 40 kg-N ha−1 for renovation and 190 kg-N ha−1 y−1 the following year. Carbon balance (i.e., the difference between C input through crop residue and C output through heterotrophic respiration), methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, and herbage yield were measured over a period of 411 or 412 days. Cumulative N2O emissions were significantly smaller from F and S plots than from T plots, however, there was no significant difference in the sum of GHG emissions (i.e., C balance plus cumulative CH4 and N2O emissions) among F, S, and T plots. The cumulative total herbage yields of the F, S, and T plots did not differ significantly from each other. Consequently, the GHG intensity—i.e., the sum of GHG emissions per cumulative total herbage yield—was not significantly different among the F, S, and T plots.
Alleviation of Salinity Induced Oxidative Stress in Chenopodium quinoa by Fe Biofortification and Biochar—Endophyte Interaction
Authors: Naveed Muhammad , Ramzan Natasha , Mustafa Adnan , Samad Abdul , Niamat Bushra , Yaseen Muhammad , Ahmad Zulfiqar , Hasanuzzaman Mirza , Sun Nan , Shi Weiqi , Xu Minggang
Published: January 2020

Iron-biofortification is a sustainable food-based approach to combat iron deficiency by increasing iron content and bioavailability in agronomic crops. Siderophore producing microbes offer a sustainable and low-cost way to increase iron supply in crops. Also, certain substances released from organic amendments act as iron-chelators which increase the solubility as well as the availability of iron to plants. Present study investigated the role of siderophore-producing endophytic bacteria and biochar on iron-fortification of a novel crop quinoa in iron-limited saline conditions. The surface-disinfected seeds of quinoa were inoculated with Burkholderia phytofirmans PsJN (CFU = 109) and sown in saline soil (EC 20 dS m−1) amended with biochar (1% w/w). Results revealed that biochar and PsJN particularly when applied together significantly enhanced plant growth, grain yield, and grain nutrient contents of quinoa. Strikingly, iron concentration in quinoa grains was increased up to 71% by the combined application of biochar and PsJN. Moreover, plant physiological parameters were also improved significantly by the integrated application. However, enzymatic/non-enzymatic antioxidants activities were decreased by integrated treatment thus ameliorated salinity stress. Our study suggests that integrated application of siderophore-producing bacteria and biochar could be a promising, sustainable and cost-effective strategy which is easily integratable into the existing farming practices to achieve food fortification with micronutrients in developing countries.
Effects of Depolymerized Gellan with Different Molecular Weights on the Growth of Four Bedding Plant Species
Authors: Salachna Piotr
Published: January 2020

New solutions allowing for the shortening of the growing cycle and improvements in plant quality are constantly sought in order to improve the efficiency of bedding plant production under covers. Biodegradable polysaccharides and their derivatives have become increasingly popular in horticulture as plant growth promoters. A greenhouse pot experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of depolymerized gellan of different molecular weights (MW 56 kDa and 77 kDa) on the growth and physiological parameters of ornamental bedding plants Rudbeckia hirta L., Salvia splendens Sellow ex J.A. Schultes, Scabiosa atropurpurea L., and Tithonia rotundifolia (Mill.) S.F. Blake. The results showed that the application of depolymerized gellan accelerated flowering and stimulated the growth of all assessed species, regardless of MW. The plants treated with depolymerized gellan grew higher and had greater fresh weight of their above-ground parts, higher leaf relative chlorophyll content (SPAD; soil and plant analysis development), and higher stomatal conductance (gs). The use of 56 kDa gellan fraction resulted in the formation of inflorescences with the greatest fresh weight in S. atropurpurea. Leaves of R. hirta treated with this fraction showed the highest values of SPAD and gs. This study demonstrated that gellan derivatives of low MW may be used for the production of innovative plant biostimulants.
Effects of Different Microbial Inocula on Tomato Tolerance to Water Deficit
Authors: Mannino Giuseppe , Nerva Luca , Gritli Takoua , Novero Mara , Fiorilli Valentina , Bacem Mnasri , Bertea Cinzia Margherita , Lumini Erica , Chitarra Walter , Balestrini Raffaella
Published: January 2020

Several recent reports have highlighted some of the mechanisms involved in the enhanced tolerance to abiotic stresses induced by root-associated microorganisms, although additional efforts are still required to exploit and optimize these strategies. Particularly, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) play an important role as “bio-fertilizing microorganisms”, establishing mutualistic symbioses with the roots of most crops. In this work, different microbial inocula (a single AMF species, a combination of three different AMF species, a combination of two plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB) strains and a more complex commercial inoculum) have been used to inoculate tomato plants (cv San Marzano nano), in order to verify their effects on the tolerance to a water deficit condition in pots, through the evaluation of biochemical stress markers and hormonal profiles (ABA and IAA). Results showed differences among tomato responses to water limitation depending on microbial inocula, confirming the importance to characterize the optimal plant/microorganism genotype combination(s) to maximize plant performance and tolerance. These findings open new perspectives for a better exploitation of these microorganisms.
Scrophularia koraiensis Nakai Attenuates Allergic Airway Inflammation via Suppression of NF-κB and Enhancement of Nrf2/HO-1 Signaling
Authors: Jung Tae-Yang , Lee A Yeong , Song Jun-Ho , Lee Min Young , Lim Je-Oh , Lee Se-Jin , Ko Je-Won , Shin Na-Rae , Kim Jong-Choon , Shin In-Sik , Kim Joong-Sun
Published: January 2020

Scrophularia koraiensis Nakai (Scrophulariaceae) is a medicinal herb that grows in Korea and which has been widely used to treat fever, edema, neuritis and laryngitis. Hence, we evaluated the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects of the ethanol extract (SKE) of S. koraiensis Nakai in an ovalbumin (OVA)-induced mouse model. We injected 20 μg of OVA with 2 mg of aluminum on day 0 and day 14 to induce allergic airway inflammation in six-week-old BALB/c mice, and mice were challenged with 1% OVA by nebulization for 1 h on days 21, 22, and 23. SKE was orally administered at 20 mg/kg and 40 mg/kg from day 18 to 23, and its effects were compared with those of montelukast treatment. SKE significantly reduced proinflammatory cytokines, inflammatory cell counts, immunoglobulin-E, and airway hyperresponsiveness during the OVA-induced allergic airway inflammation model; it also reduced airway inflammation and mucus production. In addition, SKE reduced the OVA-induced nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) phosphorylation in lung tissues while enhancing nuclear factor erythroid-derived 2-related factor (Nrf-2) and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) expression. In conclusion, SKE showed the protective effects on OVA-induced allergic airway inflammation via the suppression of NF-κB phosphorylation and the enhancement of the Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway. These results indicate that SKE is a potential therapeutic agent for allergic airway inflammation.
Ecotype-Specific Pathways of Reactive Oxygen Species Deactivation in Facultative Metallophyte Silene vulgaris (Moench) Garcke Treated with Heavy Metals
Authors: Muszyńska Ewa , Labudda Mateusz , Kral Adam
Published: January 2020

This research aimed to indicate mechanisms involved in protection against the imbalanced generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) during heavy metals (HMs) exposition of Silene vulgaris ecotypes with different levels of metal tolerance. Specimens of non-metallicolous (NM), calamine (CAL), and serpentine (SER) ecotypes were treated in vitro with Zn, Pb, and Cd ions applied simultaneously in concentrations that reflected their contents in natural habitats of the CAL ecotype (1× HMs) and 2.5- or 5.0-times higher than the first one. Our findings confirmed the sensitivity of the NM ecotype and revealed that the SER ecotype was not fully adapted to the HM mixture, since intensified lipid peroxidation, ultrastructural alternations, and decline in photosynthetic pigments’ content were ascertained under HM treatment. These changes resulted from insufficient antioxidant defense mechanisms based only on ascorbate peroxidase (APX) activity assisted (depending on HMs concentration) by glutathione-S-transferase (GST) and peroxidase activity at pH 6.8 in the NM ecotype or by GST and guaiacol-type peroxidase in the SER one. In turn, CAL specimens showed a hormetic reaction to 1× HMs, which manifested by both increased accumulation of pigments and most non-enzymatic antioxidants and enhanced activity of catalase and enzymes from the peroxidase family (with the exception of APX). Interestingly, no changes in superoxide dismutase activity were noticed in metallicolous ecotypes. To sum up, the ROS scavenging pathways in S. vulgaris relied on antioxidants specific to the respective ecotypes, however the synthesis of polyphenols was proved to be a universal reaction to HMs.
3D Thermal Imaging System with Decoupled Acquisition for Industrial and Cultural Heritage Applications
Authors: Campione Ivo , Lucchi Francesca , Santopuoli Nicola , Seccia Leonardo
Published: January 2020

Three-dimensional thermography is a recent technique—with various fields of application—that consists of combining thermography with 3D spatial data in order to obtain 3D thermograms, high information objects that allow one to overcome some limitations of 2D thermograms, to enhance the thermal monitoring and the detection of abnormalities. In this paper we present an integration methodology that can be applied to merge data acquired from a generic thermal camera and a generic laser scanner, and has the peculiarity of keeping the two devices completely decoupled and independent, so that thermal and geometrical data can be acquired at different times and no rigid link is needed between the two devices. In this way, the stand-alone capability of each device is not affected, and the data fusion is applied only when necessary. In the second part, the real effectiveness of our approach is tested on a 3D-printed object properly designed. Furthermore, one example of an application of our methodology in the cultural heritage field is presented, with an eye to preservation and restoration: the integration is applied to a marble statue called Madonna with the Child, a fine work of the Florentine sculptor Agostino di Duccio (1418–1481). The results suggest that the method can be successfully applicable to a large set of scenarios. However, additional tests are needed to improve the robustness.
Demand Prediction Using a Soft-Computing Approach: A Case Study of Automotive Industry
Authors: Salais-Fierro Tomas Eloy , Saucedo-Martinez Jania Astrid , Rodriguez-Aguilar Roman , Vela-Haro Jose Manuel
Published: January 2020

According to the literature review performed, there are few methods focused on the study of qualitative and quantitative variables when making demand projections by using fuzzy logic and artificial neural networks. The purpose of this research is to build a hybrid method for integrating demand forecasts generated from expert judgements and historical data and application in the automotive industry. Demand forecasts through the integration of variables; expert judgements and historical data using fuzzy logic and neural network. The methodology includes the integration of expert and historical data applying the Delphi method as a means of collecting fuzzy date. The result according to proposed methodology shows how fuzzy logic and neural networks is an alternative for demand planning activity. Machine learning techniques are techniques that generate alternatives for the tools development for demand forecasting. In this study, qualitative and quantitative variables are integrated through the implementation of fuzzy logic and time series artificial neural networks. The study aims to focus in manufacturing industry factors in conjunction time series data.
Advanced Bioreactor Treatments of Hydrocarbon-Containing Wastewater
Authors: Kuyukina Maria S. , Krivoruchko Anastasiya V. , Ivshina Irena B.
Published: January 2020

This review discusses bioreactor-based methods for industrial hydrocarbon-containing wastewater treatment using different (e.g., stirred-tank, membrane, packed-bed and fluidized-bed) constructions. Aerobic, anaerobic and hybrid bioreactors are becoming increasingly popular in the field of oily wastewater treatment, while high concentrations of petroleum hydrocarbons usually require physico-chemical pre-treatments. Most efficient bioreactor techniques employ immobilized cultures of hydrocarbon-oxidizing microorganisms, either defined consortia or mixed natural populations. Some advantages of fluidized-bed bioreactors over other types of reactors are shown, such as large biofilm–liquid interfacial area, high immobilized biomass concentration and improved mass transfer characteristics. Several limitations, including low nutrient content and the presence of heavy metals or toxicants, as well as fouling and contamination with nuisance microorganisms, can be overcome using effective inocula and advanced bioreactor designs. The examples of laboratory studies and few successful pilot/full-scale applications are given relating to the biotreatment of oilfield wastewater, fuel-contaminated water and refinery effluents.
Correlation between Bone Turnover Markers and Bone Mineral Density in Patients Undergoing Long-Term Anti-Osteoporosis Treatment: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Hong Lingyun , Liu Dan , Wu Feng , Wang Meiqi , Cen Yu , Ma Lan
Published: January 2020

This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the correlations between the bone turnover markers (BTMs) and the bone mineral density (BMD) in patients treated for primary osteoporosis and to identify promising BTMs for the prediction of future BMD changes. The PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science databases were searched for relevant studies that investigated the relationship between the BTMs and the BMD changes in patients treated for osteoporosis. All significant correlation coefficients of the baseline BTMs or changes in BTMs from baseline with the BMD changes from baseline under different interventions from eligible studies were used for systematic review and the subgroup analyses. The correlations were analyzed in terms of bone sites, intervention, time duration of BTMs measurements, and time duration of BMD measurements. Twenty-two records reporting correlation coefficients and the corresponding p-values were included, 13 of which were enrolled in the further subgroup analyses. The combined results from the systematic review and meta-analyses indicated that the changes in osteocalcin (OC), procollagen type I N propeptide (PINP), and urine N-terminal crosslinking telopeptide of type I collagen (U-NTX), or the PINP at baseline tended to be useful in evaluating the long-term BMD changes after drug intervention.
Correlations between Performance in a Virtual Reality Game and the Movement Assessment Battery Diagnostics in Children with Developmental Coordination Disorder
Authors: Wattad Rasha , Gabis Lidia V. , Shefer Shahar , Tresser Sarit , Portnoy Sigal
Published: January 2020

We aimed to compare the performance in a Virtual Reality (VR) game between Typically Developed (TD) children and children with Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD). We then compared the performance in a VR game with the sub-grades of the Movement Assessment Battery for Children (MABC). Twenty TD children (10 boys; mean and SD age 5.1 ± 0.6) and 10 children with DCD (4 boys; mean and SD age 5.6 ± 0.6) participated in the study. The parents filled out the DCD questionnaire. The MABC was administered. Each subject stood on a pressure pad and played a non-immersive VR game. The game score, hand path length, and movement of center of pressure were recorded. The game score achieved by the control group was ~22% higher compared to the game score achieved by the research group (p = 0.042). The path length of the right hand strongly correlated with the visual-motor coordination MABC subcategory score (r = 0.902, p < 0.001), with the balance MABC subcategory score (r = 0.769, p = 0.009), and with the total MABC score (r = 0.667, p = 0.035). This VR game might provide a preliminary distinction between TD children and children with DCD. Furthermore, investigation of hand path length may reflect the visual-motor coordination impairment of the child.
A Mechanical Descriptor of Instability in Human Locomotion: Experimental Findings in Control Subjects and People with Transfemoral Amputation
Authors: Al Abiad Nahime , Pillet Hélène , Watier Bruno
Published: January 2020

While multiple criteria to quantify gait instability exist, some limitations hinder their computation during realistic walking conditions. A descriptor, computed as the distance between the center of mass of the body and the minimal moment axis ( d C O M − Δ ) , has been proposed recently. This present study aims at characterizing the behavior of the mentioned descriptor in a population at a higher risk of falls. Five individuals with transfemoral amputation and 14 healthy individuals were involved in an experiment composed of motion capture and force plates acquisition during overground walking at a self-selected speed. For both groups of participants, the profile of d C O M − Δ was analyzed and descriptive parameters were calculated. The plot of d C O M − Δ was different between groups and different relative to the leading limb considered (prosthetic or contralateral). All descriptive parameters calculated, except one, were statistically different between groups. As a conclusion, amputees seem to be able to limit the average of d C O M − Δ in spite of a different evolution pattern. This is consistent with the ability of the subjects to maintain their dynamic balance. However, the extracted parameters showed the significant asymmetry of the gait profile between prosthetic and contralateral stances and highlighted the potential sources of imbalance.
Biodegradation and Absorption Technology for Hydrocarbon-Polluted Water Treatment
Authors: Rodríguez-Calvo Alfonso , Silva-Castro Gloria Andrea , Olicón-Hernández Darío Rafael , González-López Jesús , Calvo Concepción
Published: January 2020

Wastewaters polluted with hydrocarbons are an environmental problem that has a significant impact on the natural ecosystem and on human health. Thus, the aim of this research was to develop a bioreactor sorbent technology for treating these polluted waters. A lab-scale plant composed of three 1-L bioreactors with different sorbent materials inside (meltblown polypropylene and granulated cork) was built. Wastewater to be treated was recirculated through each bioreactor for 7 days. Results showed that hydrocarbon retention rates in the three bioreactors ranged between 92.6% and 94.5% of total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPHs) and that after one simple recirculation cycle, no hydrocarbon fractions were detected by gas chromatography/Mass Spectrometry (GC/MS) in the effluent wastewater. In addition, after the wastewater treatment, the sorbent materials were extracted from the bioreactors and deposited in vessels to study the biodegradation of the retained hydrocarbons by the wastewater indigenous microbiota adhered to sorbents during the wastewater treatment. A TPH removal of 41.2% was detected after one month of Pad Sentec™ carrier treatment. Further, the shifts detected in the percentages of some hydrocarbon fractions suggested that biodegradation is at least partially involved in the hydrocarbon removal process. These results proved the efficiency of this technology for the treatment of these hydrocarbon-polluted-waters.
Experimental Assessment of the Effects of Low-Emissivity Paints as Interior Radiation Control Coatings
Authors: Fantucci Stefano , Serra Valentina
Published: January 2020

Radiation Control Coatings (RCC) are commonly recognised as paints, in which the long-wave radiation emissivity can be dramatically reduced from 0.9 to below 0.25 due to the dispersion of aluminium flakes inside the base paint. The low emissivity (Low-E) feature makes these materials particularly suitable for reducing the radiative heat exchange in building components and worthy of being used in roof attics, pipes, heat storage tank, etc. However, in the last few years, the application to the indoor surfaces of the building envelope has become quite popular, because the reflective properties can be exploited to increase the thermal comfort and reduce the winter heat losses. Except for aluminium based paint, that, for their strong metallized effect, suffer from some aesthetical limitation, the claimed performance of most of the other commercially available reflective paints are not universally recognized and in most of the cases their properties are misled, referring to visible and short wave infrared reflectivity. In this paper, a new methodology for assessing the long-wave thermal emissivity by using a heat flow meter apparatus is proposed. Moreover, the thermal emissivity of different paint mixtures with reduced metallised effect is assessed. The results allow for affirming that paints with acceptable aesthetic value (limited metallized effect) can reach an emissivity of ~0.60 instead of a typical emissivity of paint between 0.85–0.90. Furthermore, the partition wall of a double climatic chamber apparatus was painted with different low-E paints to evaluate whether an increase of the indoor operative temperature would have been observed. A slight, but not negligible, increase was shown of up to 0.3 °C and 0.6 °C for paint with an emissivity of ~0.6 and ~0.4, respectively.
Anomalous Humidity Dependence in Photoacoustic Spectroscopy of CO Explained by Kinetic Cooling
Authors: Hayden Jakob , Baumgartner Bettina , Lendl Bernhard
Published: January 2020

Water affects the amplitude of photoacoustic signals from many gas phase molecules. In quartz-enhanced photoacoustic (QEPAS) measurements of CO excited at the fundamental vibrational resonance of CO, the photoacoustic signal decreases with increasing humidity, reaches a pronounced minimum at ~0.19%V, and increases with humidity for higher water contents. This peculiar trend is explained by competing endothermal and exothermal pathways of the vibrational relaxation of CO in N2 and H2O. Near-resonant vibrational–vibrational transfer from CO to N2, whose vibrational frequency is 188 cm−1 higher than in CO, consumes thermal energy, yielding a kinetic cooling effect. In contrast, vibrational relaxation via H2O is fast and exothermal, and hence counteracts kinetic cooling, explaining the observed trend. A detailed kinetic model for collisional relaxation of CO in N2 and H2O is presented. Simulations using rate constants obtained from literature were performed and compared to humidity dependent QEPAS experiments at varying pressure. Agreement between the experiments and simulations confirmed the validity of the model. The kinetic model can be used to identify optimized experimental conditions for sensing CO and can be readily adapted to include further collision partners.
Study of the Influence of Helical Milling Parameters on the Quality of Holes in the UNS R56400 Alloy
Authors: Puerta-Morales Francisco Javier , Gomez Jorge Salguero , Fernandez-Vidal Severo Raul
Published: January 2020

Helical milling has been positioned as an alternative to conventional drilling, where the advantages it offers make it very attractive for use on difficult-to-machine alloys such as the titanium alloy UNS R56400. However, the correlation between the indicator of hole quality and the kinematic parameters has rarely been studied. The kinematics are what bring most advantages and that is why it is necessary to know their influence. In this aspect, there are different focuses of problems associated with the complexity of the process kinematics, which makes it necessary to undertake a deeper analysis of the process and to carry out a preliminary study. To address this problem, a DOE (Design of Experiments) is proposed to identify the sensitivity and the main trends of the properties that define the quality holes with respect to the kinematic parameters. At the same time, a nomenclature is proposed to unify and avoid misinterpretations. This study has allowed us to obtain conclusive results that offer very relevant information for future research
Characteristics of Ground-Level Ozone from 2015 to 2018 in BTH Area, China
Authors: Fang Xiaozhen , Xiao Huayun , Sun Haixu , Liu Cheng , Zhang Zhongyi , Xie Yajun , Liang Yue , Wang Fang
Published: January 2020

With the ground-level ozone pollution problem increasingly prominent in recent years in China, it is particularly important in basic researches on ozone contamination characteristics. In this study, 13 cities in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei (BTH) area were examined to determine the characteristics of surface ozone (O3) from 2015 to 2018. Due to the photochemical oxidation of ozone precursors (such as nitrogen oxides and carbon monoxide) along with the presence of sunlight and characteristics of local emission sources, the O3 and oxidant (OX) concentrations showed obvious seasonal variation and daily variation. It implicated that the O3 concentrations reached the maximum during summer. The concentrations of O3 were higher at daytime than those measured at nighttime. The ozone weekend effect was estimated by the difference and deviation, which exhibited that the difference between weekday and weekend were related to the concentrations of ozone precursors and PM, vehicle emissions, and solar radiation. Moreover, the O3 concentrations decreased with the increase of other air pollutants by correlation analysis. The ozone pollution was easily formed at light and moderate polluted periods when compared to other air quality levels.
Stable Isotopes Reveal Climate Signal Hidden in Tree Rings of Endemic Balkan Pines
Authors: Levanič Tom , Jevšenak Jernej , Hafner Polona
Published: January 2020

Studies report the good potential of Pinus heldreichii (PIHE) and Pinus peuce (PIPE) for developing long chronologies from living trees and warn that the climate signal is weak in tree-ring widths of PIHE, and particularly PIPE. The goals of the study were to develop long chronologies, and to analyze the climate–growth relationship and potential for long climate reconstructions using tree-ring widths (TRW) and stable carbon isotopes ratios (δ13C) in tree rings at the northern edge of species distribution in the eastern part of Montenegro. The PIHE TRW chronology covers the period 1571–2013 (443 years) and the PIPE TRW chronology 1521–2013 (493 years). The temperature signal in PIHE TRW is weak and the precipitation signal is non-existent. PIPE has no climate signal in TRW. Both studied species have very similar δ13C chronologies, which allows us to merge isotope chronologies into a single composite δ13C Pinus chronology. The composite chronology has a strong signal related to average monthly temperature in June, July, and August and monthly values for cloudiness in July and August, with r > 0.6 and r < −0.6 for individual months, respectively. The climate signal was enhanced when June, July, and August values were merged into seasonal variables. The temporal stability of temperature, precipitation and cloudiness signals is consistent. The spatial extent of the δ13C chronology extends over a very large region, including all surrounding countries.
The Stimulatory Effect of Purine-Type Cytokinins on Proliferation and Polyphenolic Compound Accumulation in Shoot Culture of Salvia viridis
Authors: Grzegorczyk-Karolak Izabela , Hnatuszko-Konka Katarzyna , Zarzycka Mariola , Kuźma Łukasz
Published: January 2020

The present study demonstrates hormonal control of Salvia viridis growth and development using four different purine-type cytokinins at different concentrations. The addition of cytokinins significantly increased biomass of cultures, proliferation rate, and, interestingly, secondary metabolite production. The best response in terms of multiplication ratio was recorded on Murashige and Skoog medium supplemented with 0.5 mg/L BPA (N-benzylotetrahydropyranyl adenine), while the greatest biomass accumulation was achieved when supplemented with 1 mg/L m-T (meta-topoline). Quantitative UPLC-DAD analysis of the hydromethanolic extract from S. viridis culture revealed the presence of 12 polyphenols: seven phenolic acids and five phenylethanoids. The highest total content of polyphenolic compounds was found in shoots cultivated on medium with 2 mg/L BPA (18.66 mg/g DW): almost twice that of control shoots. The medium was also the most optimal for the biosynthesis of rosmarinic acid, the predominant phenolic acid. However, the greater phenylethanoid accumulation was stimulated by 1 mg/L m-T: the metabolite content was above three times higher than that found in shoots grown on the control medium (8.03 mg/g DW vs. 2.37 mg/g DW). Hence, it was demonstrated that phytohormones are capable of influencing not only vital physiological processes, but therapeutic potential of plants as well. Therefore, the cytokinin-based sage cultures may be also considered as the alternative sources of bioactive compounds.
Inhibitory Activity of Flavonoids, Chrysoeriol and Luteolin-7-O-Glucopyranoside, on Soluble Epoxide Hydrolase from Capsicum chinense
Authors: Kim Jang Hoon , Jin Chang Hyun
Published: January 2020

Three flavonoids derived from the leaves of Capsicum chinense Jacq. were identified as chrysoeriol (1), luteolin-7-O-glucopyranoside (2), and isorhamnetin-7-O-glucopyranoside (3). They had IC50 values of 11.6±2.9, 14.4±1.5, and 42.7±3.5 µg/mL against soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH), respectively. The three inhibitors (1–3) were found to non-competitively bind into the allosteric site of the enzyme with Ki values of 10.5 ± 3.2, 11.9 ± 2.8 and 38.0 ± 4.1 µg/mL, respectively. The potential inhibitors 1 and 2 were located at the left edge ofa U-tube shape that contained the enzyme active site. Additionally, we observed changes in several factors involved in the binding of these complexes under 300 K and 1 bar. Finally, it was confirmed that each inhibitor, 1 and 2, could be complexed with sEH by the “induced fit” and “lock-and-key” models.
Vascular Epiphytic Medicinal Plants as Sources of Therapeutic Agents: Their Ethnopharmacological Uses, Chemical Composition, and Biological Activities
Authors: Nugraha Ari Satia , Triatmoko Bawon , Wangchuk Phurpa , Keller Paul A.
Published: January 2020

This is an extensive review on epiphytic plants that have been used traditionally as medicines. It provides information on 185 epiphytes and their traditional medicinal uses, regions where Indigenous people use the plants, parts of the plants used as medicines and their preparation, and their reported phytochemical properties and pharmacological properties aligned with their traditional uses. These epiphytic medicinal plants are able to produce a range of secondary metabolites, including alkaloids, and a total of 842 phytochemicals have been identified to date. As many as 71 epiphytic medicinal plants were studied for their biological activities, showing promising pharmacological activities, including as anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and anticancer agents. There are several species that were not investigated for their activities and are worthy of exploration. These epipythes have the potential to furnish drug lead compounds, especially for treating cancers, and thus warrant indepth investigations.
NO1, a New Sigma 2 Receptor/TMEM97 Fluorescent Ligand, Downregulates SOCE and Promotes Apoptosis in the Triple Negative Breast Cancer Cell Lines
Authors: Cantonero Carlos , Camello Pedro Javier , Abate Carmen , Berardi Francesco , Salido Gines Maria , Rosado Juan Antonio , Redondo Pedro C.
Published: January 2020

(1) Background: The structure of the Sigma 2 receptor/TMEM97 (σ2RTMEM97) has recently been reported. (2, 3) Methods and results: We used genetic and biochemical approaches to identify the molecular mechanism downstream of σ2R/TMEM97. The novel σ2R/TMEM97 fluorescent ligand, NO1, reduced the proliferation and survival of the triple negative breast cancer cell lines (TNBC: MDA-MB-231 and MDA-MB-468 cell lines), due to NO1-induced apoptosis. Greater bioaccumulation and faster uptake of NO1 in MDA-MB-231 cells compared to MCF10A or MCF7 cell lines were also shown. Accordingly, elevated σ2R/TMEM97 expression was confirmed by Western blotting. In contrast to NO1, other σ2R/TMEM97 ligands, such as SM21 and PB28, enhanced MDA-MB-231 cell proliferation and migration. Store-operated calcium entry (SOCE) is crucial for different cancer hallmarks. Here, we show that NO1, but not other σ2R/TMEM97 ligands, reduced SOCE in MDA-MB-231 cells. Similarly, TMEM97 silencing in MDA-MB-231 cells also impaired SOCE. NO1 administration downregulated STIM1-Orai1 interaction, probably by impairing the positive regulatory effect of σ2R/TMEM97 on STIM1, as we were unable to detect interaction with Orai1. (4) Conclusion: σ2R/TMEM97 is a key protein for the survival of triple negative breast cancer cells by promoting SOCE; therefore, NO1 may become a good pharmacological tool to avoid their proliferation.