bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Peningkatan kerja sama dan hasil belajar ranah CI-C4 siswa pada materi sistem ekskresi manusia melalui model pembelajaran Student Team Achievement Division (STAD) di kelas VIII C SMP Negeri 2 Srumbung Magelang
Authors: Kartika Yuli , Ma'rifah Destri Ratna
Published: February 2021

Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh permasalahan yang ada di kelas VIII C SMP Negeri 2 Srumbung Magelang yaitu rendahnya kerja sama dan hasil belajar kognitif siswa pada proses pembelajaran IPA Biologi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui peningkatan hasil belajar kognitif CI-C4 dan kerja sama siswa pada materi sistem ekskresi manusia melalui penerapan model pembelajaran STAD pada siswa kelas VIII C SMP Negeri 2 Srumbung Magelang. Penelitian ini merupakan Penelitian Tindakan Kelas (PTK) yang dilakukan dalam tiga siklus tindakan. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada bulan Maret 2019. Subjek dalam penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas VIII C SMP Negeri 2 Srumbung Magelang semester genap tahun ajaran 2018/2019. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan tes dan observasi. Instrumen yang digunakan yaitu soal tes dan lembar observasi. Analisis yang digunakan adalah analisis data deskriptif kuantitatif. Kerja sama siswa siklus I sebesar 44,92%, meningkat menjadi 78,05% pada siklus II, dan meningkat menjadi 90,27% pada siklus III. Hasil belajar siswa dari hasil tes pada siklus I sebesar 65,21%, meningkat menjadi 83,33% pada siklus II dan meningkat menjadi 91,66% pada siklus III. Keterlaksanaan pembelajaran pada siklus I memiliki persentase sebesar 98,44%, pada siklus II dan siklus III meningkat menjadi 100%. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian diketahui bahwa proses pembelajaran dengan menggunakan model pembelajaran STAD telah berhasil meningkatkan hasil belajar kognitif CI-C4 dan kerja sama siswa pada materi sistem ekskresi manusia dengan 2 siklus tindakan.
Miskonsepsi IPA biologi pada guru kelas IV sekolah dasar
Authors: Mieke Lidwina Tutusari , Sari Wahyu Wido , Winarti Eny
Published: February 2021

Miskonsepsi merupakan salah satu penyebab rendahnya nilai pada suatu mata pelajaran pada siswa. Salah satu faktor miskonsepsi pada siswa adalah guru. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memaparkan mengenai miskonsepsi yang terjadi pada guru wali kelas di SD N Purnama (bukan nama sebenarnya), khususnya pada mata pelajaran IPA Biologi. Partisipan pada penelitian ini dibagi menjadi dua yaitu partisipan utama (Bapak Agung dan Ibu Sari) dan partisipan lain (siswa kelas IV). Teknik pengumpulan data untuk penelitian ini menggunakan triangulasi data, yaitu observasi, wawancara mendalam, dan studi dokumentasi. Metode pada penelitian ini adalah fenomenologi. Fenomenologi terbagi menjadi dua langkah, yaitu epoche dan reduksi. Epoche atau pemutusan hubungan dilakukan pada saat wawancara mendalam kepada partisipan utama (guru wali kelas) dan partisipan lainnya (siswa kelas IV). Sedangkan reduksi data merupakan langkah yang dilakukan peneliti pada saat membandingkan data yang diperoleh (hasil pemahaman guru, siswa, dan teori tertulis). Penelitian ini mendapatkan hasil bahwa Bapak Agung mengalami miskonsepsi sebesar 25%, Ibu Sari mengalami miskonsepsi 36%,  dan miskonsepsi pada siswa memiliki hubungan dengan miskonsepsi yang terjadi pada guru.
Inventarisasi kasus saat kegiatan belajar mengajar pelajaran IPA di SMP Muhammadiyah 1 dan SMP Muhammadiyah 2 Kalibawang
Authors: Lestari Septi Asri , Wulandari Anik , Kuvitarani Mutiah Putri
Published: February 2021

Problematika kegiatan belajar mengajar merupakan hal yang sering terjadi sehingga menjadi momok bagi guru dalam mencapai tujuan pembelajaran. Kasus yang terjadi saat kegiatan belajar mengajar pelajaran IPA di kedua sekolah tersebut diantaranya peserta didik yang bertingkah tidak sesuai peraturan sekolah dan tidak sesuai dengan etika sopan santun yang seharusnya sehingga dalam praktik kegiatan belajar mengajar guru banyak mengalami kesulitan dan tujuan pembelajaran tidak tercapai. Tujuan penelitian ini  untuk menginventarisasi kasus-kasus yang terjadi saat kegiatan belajar mengajar pelajaran IPA di SMP Muhammadiyah 1 dan 2 Kalibawang.Artikel ini ditulis berdasarkan perbandingan beberapa kasus yang ditemui dua guru pengampu mata pelajaran IPA di dua sekolah yang berbeda.Hasil dari penelitian ini Pada SMP Muhammadiyah 1 Kalibawang terdapat 7 kasus dan SMP Muhammadiyah 2 Kalibawang terdapat 6 kasus. Di ke 13 kasus terebut 4 kasus yang sama. Yaitu membolos ke kantin sewaktu pelajaran, ngobrol pada saat pembelajaran, tidur di kelas, tidak mengguanakan bahasa yang sopan kepada gurunya, dan tugas-tugas yang tidak dikerjakan saat pembelajaran.
Multipel representasi tipe nature of models (NoM) dalam buku ajar biologi kelas XI semester 1
Authors: Sholihah Riyadhotus , Roshayanti Fenny , Minarti Ipah Budi
Published: February 2021

Penelitian ini berjudul “Multipel Representasi Tipe Nature of Models (NoM) dalam Buku Ajar Biologi Kelas XI Semester 1”. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pola penggunaan tipe model Nature of Models (NoM) yang terdapat dalam buku ajar biologi kelas XI Semester 1. Pendekatan penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah deskriptif. Sampel dalam penelitan ini adalah buku yang dominan digunakan di SMA N se-Kota Semarang pada buku ajar biologi kelas XI Semester 1. Instrumen yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu lembar observasi dalam bentuk isian dan checklist untuk mengidentifikasi tipe model NoM yang terdapat dalam buku ajar biologi. Data yang telah didapatkan dideskripsikan berdasarkan tipe-tipe model NoM. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan tipe model skala paling banyak dengan frekuensi 151 atau 54,7% dibandingkan model matematika dan simulasi yang memiliki frekuensi 3 atau 1%. Hal ini sesuai dengan karakteristik ilmu biologi yang memiliki cakupan materi berupa abstrak dengan ukuran yang beragam diantaranya mikroskopik dan makroskopik. Sehingga model skala lebih dominan daripada model matematika dan simulasi.
Tarub sebagai sumber belajar biologi keanekaragaman hayati dan konservasi berbasis kearifan lokal budaya Jawa
Authors: Muflihaini Milade Annisa , Suhartini Suhartini
Published: February 2021

Artikel ini adalah hasil studi literatur (literature review) dengan menggunakan metode pendekatan deskripsi kualitatif yang bertujuan untuk mengetahui dan mendeskripsikan potensi Tarub sebagai sumber belajar biologi dalam mengenalkan keanekaragaman hayati dan konservasi melalui kearifan lokal budaya Jawa. Pada Tarub, terdapat beberapa komponen seperti bleketepe, tuwuhan (hasil bumi) yang terdiri dari berbagai macam objek tumbuhan yang dapat diidentifikasi sebagai bahan dalam pembelajaran biologi terutama pada keanekaragaman tumbuhan. Pemanfaatan potensi ini berperan penting dalam upaya konservasi biodiversitas.
Isolasi fungi endofit daun mangrove Avicennia marina dan uji aktivitasnya sebagai antifungi terhadap Candida albicans ATCC
Authors: Khalimah Dwi , Ainy Erny Qurotul
Published: February 2021

Kandidiasis merupakan penyakit infeksi yang disebabkan oleh fungi Candida albicans. Pengobatan dengan menggunakan antifungi sintetik memiliki kelemahan salah satunya timbulnya resistensi fungi Candida albicans terhadap antifungi. Oleh karena itu, penelitian mengenai sumber alternatif untuk bahan antifungi alami perlu dilakukan dengan memanfaatkan fungi endofit daun mangrove Avicennia marina. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memperoleh isolat fungi endofit  daun mangrove A.marina dan mengetahui daya hambatnya terhadap pertumbuhan C.albicans serta mengetahui metabolit sekunder yang dihasilkan oleh masing-masing isolat. Penelitian ini diawali dengan isolasi fungi endofit dari daun mangrove A.marina yang dilanjutkan dengan uji aktivitas antifunginya terhadap fungi C.albicans dengan metode Kirby and Bauer. Terdapat 3 isolat fungi endofit daun yang berbeda yaitu isolat DK 7b, DK 6b dan DK 6c dan masing-masing berbeda dalam aktivitas penghambatannya terhadap pertumbuhan fungi C. albicans. Secara morfologi, isolat DK 7b, DK6b, dan DK 6c secara berurutan diidentifikasi sebagai Penicillium sp., Aspergillus sp., dan Microsporum sp. Hasil identifikasi metabolit sekunder menunjukan bahwa fungi endofit Penicillium sp. menghasilkan terpenoid dan tannin, Aspergillus sp. memproduksi flavonoid, tannin, dan saponin, sedangkan Microsporum sp. terdeteksi menghasilkan terpenoid, flavonoid dan tannin.
Pemetaan pola pertumbuhan untuk efektivitas fisiologis dan efisiensi pemanfaatan air tanaman sorgum
Authors: Sulistyowati Desty Dwi , Widiyono Wahyu , Nugroho Satya
Published: February 2021

Sorgum dikenal sebagai tanaman yang adaptif dan sesuai dikembangkan di wilayah tropis beriklim   kering. Pengetahuan tentang pola pertumbuhan tanaman sangat penting, terkait dengan pemenuhan air untuk aktivitas fisiologis dan efisiensi pemanfaatan air pada tanaman sorgum. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pola pertumbuhan 30 aksesi sorgum, yang meliputi fase pertumbuhan awal, fase perkembangan, fase pertengahan, fase akhir dan fase pemasakan biji. Penelitian dilaksanakan di rumah kaca Pusat Penelitian Bioteknologi LIPI Cibinong. Nama 15 aksesi sorgum yang ditanam tahun 2018 berbeda dengan nama 15 aksesi sorgum yang ditanam tahun 2019. Analisis kuantitatif, dilakukan berdasarkan Rancangan Acak Kelompok dengan 30 nomor aksesi sorgum dan 3 kali ulangan. Analisis kualitatif dilakukan dengan membandingkan pola pertumbuhan, dibuat klastering dan dievaluasi. Volume penyiraman tanaman per pot sebesar 80% dari kapasitas lapang, dengan frekuensi dua kali seminggu. Parameter yang diamati meliputi tinggi tanaman, jumlah daun, waktu munculnya daun bendera diikuti waktu kemunculan bunga. Dari hasil penelitian 30 aksesi sorgum, ditemukan bahwa terdapat 5 tipe pertumbuhan berdasarkan pembentukan bunganya, yakni sorgum yang berbunga pada umur 7 minggu setelah tanam (MST), 8 MST, 9 MST, 10 MST, dan 11 MST. Penemuan ini sangat penting terkait dengan efisiensi pemanfaatan air oleh tanaman dan efisiensi irigasinya.
Kelayakan modul sistem gerak pada manusia berbasis inkuiri interactive demonstration untuk memberdayakan keterampilan berpikir analitis
Authors: Fakhrurrazi Fakhrurrazi , Sajidan Sajidan , Karyanto Puguh
Published: February 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan mendeskripsikan kelayakan modul sistem gerak pada manusia berbasis inkuiri interactive demonstration untuk memberdayakan keterampilan berpikir analitis. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian Research & Develompment (R&D) dengan menggunakan teknik deskriptif persentase. Hasil validasi modul sistem gerak pada manusia oleh ahli dengan kriteria layak dan dengan kategori sangat baik. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan perolehan skor validasi ahli materi sebesar 92,7% (sangat layak), ahli pengembangan modul sebesar 91,8% (sangat layak), ahli perangkat pembelajaran sebesar 96,7% (sangat layak), ahli bahasa dan keterbacaan sebesar 93,7% (sangat layak), ahli pengembang soal kognitif sebesar  91,5% (sangat layak). Berdasarkan hasil tersebut, dapat disimpulkan bahwa modul sistem gerak pada manusia dari hasil pengembangan layak digunakan untuk memberdayakan keterampilan berpikir analitis siswa.
Ginger rhizomes (Zingiber officinale) functionality in food and health perspective: a review
Authors: Indiarto R. , Subroto E. , Angeline  , Selly
Published: February 2021

Ginger is a spice type used by rhizome. Ginger has long been used to heal various
diseases, including inflammation and digestive disorders. As the development of science,
the food and health sector, mostly use ginger as functional food and medicine because of
its usefulness. Ginger's role as food and medicine has been recognized as safe, classified
in Generally Recognized as Safe (GRAS) by the Food Drug and Administration (FDA).
The content of bioactive compounds in ginger classified as volatile and non-volatile
compounds contributes positively to food and health. Ginger can be used as fresh, dried,
essential oils, oleoresin, extracts, or powders. Oleoresin and essential ginger oil are
extracts used extensively in food and health fields. To obtain the extract, an extraction that
multiplies thermal and non-thermal processes can be performed. Many use gingers as a
condiment for food. Ginger gives a spicy taste that's typical of food and drink. It also
contributes to a natural antioxidant, extends food products' shelf-life, and improves the
organoleptic quality of food products. Whereas ginger consumption can help decrease
blood glucose in type 2 diabetes mellitus, analgesics, reduce uric acid, lessen muscle pain,
and increase the body's immune system. In this study, we have reviewed ginger, the red
ginger extraction process, and functional compounds, food, and health benefits.
Bioactivity profile of three types of seaweed as an antioxidant, UV-protection as sunscreen and their correlation activity
Authors: Sami F.J. , Soekamto N.H. , Firdaus  , Latip J.
Published: February 2021

Seaweed is one of the marine algae that have antioxidant sources because it contains
bioactive compounds such as carotenoids, phenol compounds and their derivatives,
polysaccharide sulfate, and vitamins. Algae consist of three major groups namely brown
algae (phaeophyta), red algae (rhodophyta), and green algae (chlorophyta). The purpose of
this study was to determine the bioactivity profile of seaweed extract Eucheuma cottoni,
Sargassum polycystum and Caulerpa racemosa so that it could be developed as a cosmetic
raw material. The three types of seaweed were extracted by maceration and bioactivity
testing was carried out as an antioxidant using the ABTS radical reduction method and
bioactivity testing as UV-protection with the parameters of the percentage transmission of
erythema, pigmentation and Sun Protective Factor (SPF). The results showed that C.
racemosa extract provided a very strong antioxidant activity and was able to protect the
skin from UV exposure with an SPF value that was categorized as ultra-protection.
Antioxidant activity of the three types of seaweed is positively correlated to the protective
effect based on the SPF value.
Monochloropropanediols (MCPD) esters and glycidyl esters (GE) in infant formulas and challenges of palm oil industry in Malaysia: a review
Authors: Azmi N.N.A.N. , Leong Y.H. , Tan T.C. , Ang M.Y.
Published: February 2021

Infant formula is an exclusive diet that offers the requisite nutrients for infants up to 6
months prior to the introduction of solids in their diet. Vegetable oils in infant formulas
that serve as a source of fat could be contamination of monochloropropanediols (MCPD)
and glycidol. The toxicity of MCPD and glycidol was highlighted in several studies
implied health risk for exposed children, especially with their low body weight. This paper
reviewed the occurrence of MCPD and glycidyl esters in infant formulas marketed in
various countries, including risk assessment and associated estimated dietary exposure.
From the selected studies published between 2015 to 2019, the presence of the
contaminants was detected, but their concentrations decreased over the years indicating a
low potential health risk to infants. These have been linked to the success of the vegetable
oil producers' implementation of mitigation strategies. The paper also discusses the infant
formula market in Malaysia, as well as the association of the use of palm oil in infant and
follow-up formula in the Malaysian market. As one of the largest producers and exporters
of palm oil and palm oil by-products, Malaysia is taking serious steps and the mitigation
strategies it is exercising to reduce the level of MCPD and glycidol to comply with the
regulation proposed by the European Commission. However, more studies are needed to
gain a clearer view of the association between the use of palm oil in infant formulas and
the occurrence of MCPD esters and glycidols, as well as their risk assessment.
The impact of high-pressure processing treatment on microbial inactivation of
seafood – a review
Authors: Romulo A.
Published: February 2021

Seafood is categorized as high perishable food and commonly contaminated by foodborne pathogens such as bacteria and viruses. The heat processing treatment is usually
applied to improve the quality and safety of seafood products and give detrimental impact
to the sensory and nutritional quality. High pressure processing (HPP) has been described
as an excellent alternative method to inactivate numerous bacteria and viruses in seafood
products, while the organoleptic and nutritional properties could be maintained like a fresh
product. HPP has been explored for a wide range of parameters operation, which is
specific for each bacteria and viruses. HPP usually runs at the pressure range of 100-600
MPa with the holding time range of 1-60 mins. This review summarized the principle of
high-pressure processing treatment and research findings, which emphasized the
association between HPP treatment and food-borne pathogen reduction in seafood. The
success of HPP treatment to inactivate foodborne pathogens depends on the optimization
of parameters operation in order to spread this method to more applicable in seafood
industries.
Antonella Sarti Evans translates Mary Maringikura Campbell
Authors: Sarti Evans Antonella
Published: February 2021

‘Yellow Moon. E Marama Rengarenga’: 7 poems by Mary Maringikura Campbell translated for the first time into Italian by Antonella Sarti Evans The original texts of Mary Maringikura Campbell’s poems have been reproduced here by the author’s generous permission and have been included in the recent collection ‘Yellow Moon. E Marama Rengarenga’ (HeadworX, Wellington, June 2020).
Noha Alghamdi translates Rupi Kaur
Authors: Alghamdi Noha
Published: February 2021

Rupi Kaur Selected Poems translated into Arabic
Professional vs Non-professional Translation of Korean TV Dramas
Authors: Hall Jessica
Published: February 2021

Can non-professional subtitles be a successful replacement for professional subtitles? The purpose of this study is to examine the differences in the English subtitles of Korean TV drama series between those written by paid translators for Netflix, and those by volunteer fansubbers for Rakuten Viki. This study will explore the main differences between the two styles of subtitling, the potential reasons for these differences and the reception of both kinds of subtitles among audiences by reviewing opinions shared on online discussion forums such as Reddit and Viki Discussions. These forums will also be used to explore online public opinions about the ethics of Viki as a fansubbing platform and the implication of unpaid translation for the industry.
PENGARUH KETERAMPILAN MANAJERIAL KEPALA SEKOLAH DAN BUDAYA ORGANISASI TERHADAP MOTIVASI KERJA GURU SD NEGERI DI KECAMATAN SURUH KABUPATEN SEMARANG
Authors: Khayati Khayati , Muhdi Muhdi , Miyono Noor
Published: February 2021

Motivasi kerja dipengaruhi banyak faktor, diantaranya adalah faktor keterampilan manajerial kepala sekolah dan budaya organisasi. Motivasi kerja menjadi lebih baik jika kepala sekolah mempunyai keterampilan manajerial yang baik dan juga terdapat budaya organisasi yang baik.Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui adanya: (1) pengaruh keterampilan manajerial terhadap motivasi kerja (2) pengaruh budaya organisasi terhadap motivasi kerja, (3) pengaruh keterampilan manajerial dan budaya organisasi terhadap motivasi kerja.Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh guru SD Negeri di Kecamatan Suruh Kabupaten Semarang yang berjumlah 320 orang, dengan sampel sebanyak 167 orang dengan menggunakan propotional random sampling. Metode pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah metode kuesioner. Analisis data yang digunakan adalah analisis deskriptif, uji persyaratan serta uji hipotesis yang meliputi analisis regresi linier tunggal dan regresi linier berganda. Regresi linier tunggal untuk mengetahui pengaruh keterampilan manajerial terhadap motivasi kerja dan untuk mengetahui pengaruh budaya organisasi terhadap motivasi kerja. Regresi linier berganda untuk mengetahui pengaruh keterampilan manajerial dan budaya organisasi terhadap motivasi kerja. Untuk menganalisis data digunakan fasilitas program SPSS for Window Release 25.Dari hasil penelitian dapat diketahui bahwa rata-rata perolehan skor motivasi kerja sebesar 153.71 termasuk pada kategori cukup, rata-rata perolehan skor keterampilan manajerial sebesar 160.25 termasuk kategori cukup dan rata-rata perolehan skor budaya organisasi sebesar 112.93 termasuk kategori cukup. Hasil uji prasyarat dari data penelitian diperoleh data berdistribusi normal, tidak terjadi heteroskedastisitas, tidak multikolinier dan linier. Dari uji hipotesis ditemukan: (1) terdapat pengaruh positif dan signifikan keterampilan manajerial terhadap motivasi kerja sebesar 61%, (2) terdapat pengaruh positif dan signifikan budaya organisasi terhadap motivasi kerja sebesar 75%, (3) terdapat pengaruh positif dan signifikan keterampilan manajerial dan budaya organisasi terhadap motivasi kerja sebesar 76.2%.
A STUDY ON THE SUMS OF SQUARES OF GENERALIZED TRIBONACCI NUMBERS: CLOSED FORM FORMULAS OF ∑_{k=0}ⁿkx^{k}W_{k}²
Authors: SOYKAN Yüksel
Published: February 2021

In this paper, closed forms of the sum formulas ∑_{k=0}ⁿkx^{k}W_{k}², ∑_{k=0}ⁿkx^{k}W_{k+2}W_{k} and ∑_{k=0ⁿkx^{k}W_{k+1}W_{k} for the squares of generalized Tribonacci numbers are presented. As special cases, we give summation formulas of Tribonacci, Tribonacci-Lucas, Padovan, Perrin numbers and the other third order recurrence relations.
2020 Mathematics Subject Classication. 11B39, 11B83.
BIOMETRIC SCREENINGS: THE ROUTE TO OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH
Authors: RUIZ Lourdes Cecilia , KOVACS Tibor
Published: February 2021

Biometric characteristics such as fingerprints, palmprints, iris, or face recognition have been used at organizations to identify an individual, grant access to physical or digital facilities, and to control employees' time and attendance. Nowadays, employers recognize the importance of workers' health. For this reason, wellness programs are gaining popularity among enterprises. As part of these programs, other biometric traits such as height, weight, blood samples are acquired at biometric screening events. Their main objective is to promote healthy habits within the workforce via early prevention and timely interventions of diseases. The present work goes beyond the biometric screenings' health benefits that are broadly reported and analyzes the implication of the screenings over occupational safety and health
For this purpose, a literature review was carried out. Literature research and analysis conveyed relevant information regarding the application of biometrics in the workplace via biometric screenings. The revision of pertinent scientific documents showed that biometric characteristics acquired in a biometric screening event and the subsequent results’ analysis can aid in the identification of unconventional hazards that can affect occupational safety and health. Furthermore, the present study describes different examples on how a biometric screening results can be associated with occupational hazards and consequently affect occupational safety and health.
HOW ARE CARDIAC FUNCTIONS ALTERED IN PEDIATRIC PATIENTS RECEIVING ORAL IRON SUPPLEMENTATION DUE TO ANEMIA?
Authors: HİÇYILMAZ Merve , PEKTAŞ Ayhan , GÜREL Selçuk , PEKTAŞ Mehmet Bilgehan
Published: February 2021

Objective: This study aims to investigate whether oral iron supplementation improves structural and functional alterations by evaluating the echocardiography and electrocardiography findings of the pediatric patients with iron deficiency anemia.
Methods: This is a prospective review of 30 pediatric patients who were diagnosed with iron deficiency anemia and received 12-week-long iron supplementation at the study center. All children underwent hematological workup, detailed echocardiography examination and electrocardiography evaluation at the time of diagnosis for iron deficiency anemia and the end of 12-week-long iron treatment.
Results: After 12-week-long iron treatment, hemoglobin, mean corpuscular volume, mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration, red blood cell count, Mentzer index, serum iron, serum iron binding capacity, serum ferritin and transferrin increased significantly (p=0.001, p=0.001, p=0.001, p=0.036, p=0.001, p=0.002, p=0.001 and p=0.001 respectively). Pulse rate, respiration rate, and diastolic left ventricle wall thickness decreased significantly while tricuspid E and A wave velocities increased significantly at the end of iron supplementation (p=0.004, p=0.033, p=0.009, p=0.003 and p=0.021 respectively). As for the tissue Doppler echocardiography findings, only interventricular septum isovolumetric contraction time decreased significantly after iron treatment (p=0.002). The PR interval shortened significantly, p dispersion decreased significantly and T-peak to T-end interval shortened significantly following iron supplementation (respectively p=0.013, p=0.033 and p=0.029).
Conclusion: Oral iron supplementation seems to contribute to the reversal of cardiac remodeling, elimination of compensatory hemodynamic mechanisms and inhibition of sympathetic activation within cardiac tissues.
Implementation of Immunization Services for the Under-Five Children during Covid-19 Pandemic at Twano Community Health Center, Jayapura
Authors:   Universitas Indonesia, Haposan Goklian Paraduan , Pujiyanto Pujiyanto ,   Universitas Indonesia
Published: February 2021

Background: Immunization service is essential in reducing infant mortality rate. However, due to physical distancing and social distancing, the Covid-19 pandemic may have reduced the utilization of immunization service. This study aimed to determine the implementation of immunization services for the under-five children during Covid-19 pandemic at Twano community health center, Jayapura. Subjects and Method: This was a qualitative study conducted at the Twano Entrop Community Health Center, Jayapura City, Papua, from August to September 2020. A sample of informants including immunization personnel and head of community health center. The data were collected by in-depth interview, questionnaire, and document review. Result: The immunization coverage was 43% at Twano community health center, which was far below the national target of 80%. The factors affecting immunization coverage included: (1) worries of infection; (2) parental ignorance; (3) no invitation from the health workers. Conclusion: The factors affecting immunization coverage included are worries of infection, parental ignorance, and no invitation from the health workers. Keyword: immunization, the under-five children, Covid-19 pandemic. Correspondence: Goklian Paraduan Haposan. Faculty of Public Health, University of Indonesia. Pondok Cina, Beji district, Depok city, West Java 12345. Email: goklianofm@gmail.com. Mobile: 081344237365. DOI: https://doi.org/10.26911/the7thicph.02.16
Path Analysis Factors Affecting Pregnant Women Participation to The Triple Elimination Examination in Semarang, Central Java
Authors:   Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Fatimah Mei , Respati Supriyadi Hari ,   Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Dr. Moewardi Hospital, Surakarta, Pamungkasari Eti Poncorini ,   Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sebelas Maret
Published: February 2021

ABSTRACT Background: Early diagnosis and immediate treatment during antenatal care are highly effective in to the prevention of mother-to-child-transmission (MTCT). The World Health Organization (WHO) launched the global initiative for the elimination of MTCT of syphilis, HIV, and Hepatitis B, and developed global guidance to reduce those incidences, named the triple elimination examination. This study aimed to examine factors affecting pregnant women participation to the triple elimination examination in Semarang, Central Java, using path analysis model. Subjects and Method: A cross sectional study was carried out at 25 community health centers in Semarang, Central Java, from December 2019 to February 2020. A sample of 200 pregnant women was selected by stratified random sampling. The dependent variable was participation to triple elimination examination. The independent variables were intention, attitude, outcome expectation, modeling, knowledge, husband support, access to information, and distance to the health center. The data were collected by questionnaire and analyzed by path analysis run on Stata 13. Results: Pregnant women participation to the triple elimination examination was directly increased with strong intention (b= 4.68; 95% CI= 1.50 to 7.86; p= 0.004), positive attitude (b= 2.61; 95% CI= 1.08 to 4.13; p= 0.001), strong self-efficacy (b= 1.98; 95% CI= 0.38 to 3.57; p= 0.015), modeling (b= 1.93; 95% CI= 0.44 to 3.42; p= 0.011), positive outcome expectation (b= 2.38; 95% CI= 0.69 to 4.06; p= 0.006), high knowledge (b= 1.61; 95% CI= 0.05 to 3.17; p= 0.044), strong husband support (b= 1.65; 95% CI= 0.21 to 3.09; p= 0.025), and accessible information (b= 1.85; 95% CI= 0.29 to 3.40; p= 0.020). Participation to the triple elimination examination was directly decreased with distance to health service (b= -2.15; 95% CI= -3.73 to -0.57; p= 0.008). It was indirectly affected by attitude, knowledge, outcome expectation, and access to information. Conclusion: Pregnant women participation to the triple elimination examination is directly increased with strong intention, positive attitude, strong self-efficacy, modeling, positive outcome expectation, high knowledge, strong husband support, and accessible information. Participation to the triple elimination examination is directly decreased with distance to health service. It is indirectly affected by attitude, knowledge, outcome expectation, and access to information. Keywords: triple elimination, pregnant women, path analysis Correspondence: Mei Fatimah. Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret. Jl. Ir. Sutami 36A, Surakarta 57126, Central Java. Email: meyfatimah21@gmail.com. Mobile: +6285801236097. DOI: https://doi.org/10.26911/the7thicph.03.105
The Associations between Age, Occupation, Income, and Contraceptive Uptake in Women of Reproductive Age in Indonesia
Authors:   Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Rohmah Lailatul , Widyaningsih Vitri ,   Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sebelas Maret
Published: February 2021

ABSTRACT Background: Personal and social factor play role in individual behavior, including women choice toward contraceptive uptake. Age, education, religious beliefs, knowledge of fertile days, and culture were factors that significantly predicted contraceptive use. The purpose of this study was to examine the associations between age, occupation, income, and contraceptive uptake in women of reproductive age in Indonesia. Subjects and Method: This was a cross sectional study. A sample of 49,627 women of reproductive age was selected for this study. The dependent variable was contraceptive uptake. The independent variables were age, occupation, and income. The data were obtained from Indonesian Demographic and Health Survey (IDHS) year 2017. The data were analyzed by a multiple logistic regression. Results: Contraceptive uptake in Indonesia was 59.7%. Contraceptive was used by women aged 15-49 years. Contraceptive uptake decreased with age <35 or ≥35 (OR= 0.52; 95% CI= 0.50 to o.55; p= 0.001), employed (OR= 0.72; 95% CI= 0.68 to 0.75; p<0.001), low education (OR= 1.77; 95% CI= 1.54 to 2.05; p<0.001), and low income (OR= 0.98; 95% CI= 0.94 to 1.02; p= 0.474). Conclusion: Age, employment, and education are associated with contraceptive uptake in women of reproductive age. Keywords: contraceptive uptake, Indonesian Demographic and Health Survey Correspondence: Lailatul Rohmah. Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret. Jl. Ir. Sutami 36A, Surakarta 57126, Central Java. Email: rohmalailatul156@gmail.com. Mobile: +6289691804847. DOI: https://doi.org/10.26911/the7thicph.03.108
Fertility Determinants in Indonesia: Analysis of Indonesian Basic Health Survey Year 2017
Authors:   Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Kurniagung Philipus Prihantiko , Widyaningsih Vitri ,   Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sebelas Maret
Published: February 2021

ABSTRACT Background: The current fertility rate for Indonesia in 2020 is 2.28 births per woman. High fertility, particularly when it involves conception either too early or too late in the fertility cycle or when short birth intervals are involved, is known to pose higher risks for both mothers and infants. This study aimed to investigate fertility determinants in Indonesia. Subjects and Method: A cross-sectional study was carried out using Indonesian basic health survey year 2017. A sample of 34,199 women of reproductive age aged 15-49 years was selected for this study. The dependent variable was live birth children. The independent variables were education, knowledge toward contraception, employment status, literacy, family discussion, health insurance membership, child birth last year, contraceptive method, residence, province, and source of information. The data were analyzed by a multiple logistic regression. Results: The likelihood of women to have children >2 increased with low education (OR= 2.67; 95% CI= 2.53 to 2.81; p<0.001), low literacy (OR= 1.59; 95% CI= 1.44 to 1.75; p<0.001), and no family discussion (OR= 1.2; 95% CI= 1.13 to 1.24; p<0.001). The likelihood of women to have children >2 decreased with no health insurance membership (OR= 0.73; 95% CI= 0.69 to 0.76; p<0.001), use contraception (OR= 0.33; 95% CI= 0.31 to 0.34; p<0.001), child birth delivery last year (OR= 0.77; 95% CI= 0.71 to 0.83; p<0.001), lived in province in West Indonesia (OR= 0.69; 95% CI= 0.66 to 0.72; p<0.001), received information from private agency (OR= 0.83; 95% CI= 0.78 to 0.89; p<0.001), and worked (OR= 0.72; 95% CI= 0.69 to 0.75; p<0.001). Conclusion: The likelihood of women to have children >2 increases with low education, low literacy, and no family discussion. The likelihood of women to have children >2 decreases with no health insurance membership, use contraception, child birth delivery last year, lived in province in West Indonesia, received information from private agency, and worked. Keywords: fertility, women of reproductive age, demography Correspondence: Philipus Prihantiko Kurniagung. Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret. Jl. Ir. Sutami 36A, Surakarta 57126, Central Java. Email: prihantiko@gmail.com. Mobile: 089688103450. DOI: https://doi.org/10.26911/the7thicph.03.120
The Effect of Vitamin D Supplementation on The Pre-Eclampsia Risk Reduction in Pregnant Women: A Meta-Analysis
Authors:   Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Kartika Fanny , Murti Bhisma ,   Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Pamungkasari Eti Poncorini ,   Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret
Published: February 2021

ABSTRACT Background: Pre-eclampsia (PE), a complication of pregnancy, remains a major cause of maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality. Research showed that vitamin D reduces the risk of pre-eclampsia in pregnant women. The recommended dose for vitamin D supplementation is 600 IU per day. This study aimed to determine the effect of vitamin D supplementationon the pre-eclampsia risk reduction in pregnant women. Subjects and Method: This was a meta-analysis and sytematic review toward vitamin supplementation and pre-eclampsia in pregnant women. Published original studies from PubMed, Science Direct, Springer Link, and Google Scholar databases, from year 2013 to 2017 were collected for this study. Keywords used “Vitamin D” AND “Decrease Risk” OR “Prevention” OR “Reduce Risk” AND “Pre-eclampsia”. The inclusion criteria were full text, in English language, using randomized controlled trial study design, and reporting odds ratio. The selected articles were analyzed using PRISMA guideline and Revman 5.3. Results: 7 studies were met inclusion criteria. This study showed that vitamin D supplementation reduced the risk of pre-eclampsia in pregnant women (OR= 0.97; 95% CI= 0.79 to 1.18; p=0.730), with (I2 = 86%; p<0.001). Conslusion: Vitamin D supplementation reduces the risk of pre-eclampsia in pregnant women. Keywords: vitamin D supplementation, pre-eclampsia Correspondence: Fanny Kartika Fajriyani. Masters Program in Public Health. Universitas Sebelas Maret, Jl. Ir. Sutami 36A, Surakarta 57126, Central Java. Email: fannykfa9@gmail.com. Mobile: 085728125412. DOI: https://doi.org/10.26911/the7thicph.03.122
Relationship between Total Imunoglobulin E Level and Intensity of Whipworm Infectionin Primary School Children, Medan, North Sumatera
Authors:   Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Methodist Indonesia, Medan, Anto Endy Juli , Sinaga Leonard Kristian ,   Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Methodist Indonesia, Medan, Siahaan Jekson Martiar ,   Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Methodist Indonesia, Medan
Published: February 2021

ABSTRACT Background: Helminth infections remain endemic disease, mainly in tropical developing countries. Immunity against a number of helminth infections has been associated with anti-parasitic immunoglobulin-E (IgE). This study aimed to determine the correlation between total IgE level and intensity of whipworm infection in primary school children, Medan, North Sumatera. Subjects and Method: This was a cross-sectional study conducted at primary school, Tanjung Pura, Langkat, Medan, North Sumatera in Augustus 2019. A total of 19 students was selected for this study. The dependent variable was intensity of whipworm egg. The study subjects were selected by purposive sampling method. The independent variable was total IgE level. The data for dependent variable was measured by Kato-Katz technique. The total IgE serum concentration was measured by ELISA. Data were analyzed by Spearman correlation test. Results: There was a negative correlation between total IgE level and intensity of whipworm infection among primary school children in Medan (r= -0.64; p= 0.003). Conclusion: There is a negative correlation between total IgE level and intensity of whipworm infection among primary school children in Medan. Keywords: whipworm infection, IgE, children Correspondence: Leonard Kristian Sinaga. Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Methodist Indonesia, Medan, Indonesia. Email: Leonardsinaga08051970@gmail.com. Mobile: +6282361343969. DOI: https://doi.org/10.26911/the7thicph.03.76
Maternal Characteristics and Knowledge on the Risk of Childhood Stunting at Simpang Kawat Community Health Center, Jambi
Authors:   Nursing Professional Study, School of Health Sciences, Baiturrahim, Jambi, Sari Mila Triana ,   Program of Nursing, School of Health Polytechnics, Ministry of Health Jambi, Oesmani Mientje ,   Nursing Professional Study, School of Health Sciences, Baiturrahim, Jambi
Published: February 2021

ABSTRACT Background: Childhood stunting remains a significant public health concern with its short- and long-term negative impacts. In Indonesia, the national prevalence of stunting was estimated at 30.8% and in Jambi Province 30.1% in 2018. Maternal knowledge about stunting contributes to a major role in stunting prevention. This study aimed to determine the maternal characteristics and knowledge on the risk of childhood stunting at Simpang Kawat Community Health Center, Jambi. Subjects and Method: This was a cross-sectional study conducted at Simpang Kawat community health center, Lebak Bandung, Jambi. A total of 306 mothers with toddlers was selected by purposive sampling. The dependent variable was stunting. The independent variable was maternal knowledge. The data were collected by questionnaires. The data were analyzed by chi-square with odds ratio. Results: As many as 68.3% of mothers were 20 to 35 years old. 58.3% were secondary school graduated. 85% were housewives. Lower maternal knowledge increased the risk of childhood stunting (OR= 12.67; 95% CI= 3.68 to 43.61; p <0.001). Conclusion: Lower maternal knowledge increases the risk of childhood stunting. Keywords: childhood stunting, knowledge, mother Correspondence: Mila Triana Sari. Program of Nursing, School of Health Polytechnics, Ministry of Health Jambi. Jl Prof.M. Yamin, SH No 30, Jambi, Central Sumatera. Email: milatrianasari73@gmail.com. Mobile: +6281314022355. DOI: https://doi.org/10.26911/the7thicph.03.84
Performance Analysis of Children's Health Program in Indonesia: A Multilevel Analysis
Authors:   Drg Suherman Medical Institute, Setianingsih Triseu
Published: February 2021

ABSTRACT Background: Most of the neonatal deaths that occur after 6-48 hours postpartum can be prevented with appropriate newborn care and initiated immediately after delivery through adequate and standardized first neonatal visit. In Indonesia, it is still not in accordance with the expected target. This study aimed to analyze the factors that influence the first neonatal visit from various levels through a multilevel analysis approach. Subjects and Method: This was a cross sectional study with samples of individual level (level 1) was 1014 mother babies, village Level (level 2) as many as 95 village managers, public health center (level 3) was 51 manager of child health programs, and district level (level 4) was 13 managers of health programs in eight provinces Indonesia. The dependent variable was first neonatal visits. The independent variables were birth attendant and pregnancy counselling (level 1), number of village midwives and community control in development (level 2), partnership and resources (level 3), and policy strategy (level 4). Data analysis was performed through univariate, bivariate, multivariate analysis with logistic regression and multilevel modeling using multilevel regression logistic random intercept analysis run on Stata 14.0. Results: At level 1, birth attendants increased first neonatal visits (OR = 3.21; 95% CI 95% = 1,984 to 5,182; p <0.001), pregnancy counselling (OR = 1,705; 95% CI 95% = 1,162 to 2,503; p = 0.007) significantly. At level 2 modelling, the number of village midwives increased the risk of the first neonatal visit (OR = 1,815; 95% CI = 0.950 to 3,467; p = 0.049), community control (OR = 2,659; 95% CI = 1.396 to 5.066; p = 0.009) significantly. At level 3 modelling, partnerships and resources significantly increased the first neonatal visit (OR = 2,131; 95% CI = 1,114 to 4,078; p = 0.012) significantly. At level 4 modelling, birth attendants significantly increased the first neonatal visits (OR = 3.056; 95% CI = 1.901 to 4,914; p = 0.029) significantly. Conclusion: Birth attendants, pregnancy counselling, the number of village midwives, community control, partnerships and resources, birth attendants increase the risk of first neonatal visit. Contextual village areas, public health center, and district health offices have contextual effects on the first neonatal visit. Keywords: first neonatal visit, multilevel analysis Correspondence: Triseu Setianingsih. Drg. Suherman Medical Institut. Jl. Industri Pasirgombong Jababeka Cikarang, Bekasi, West Java. Email: triseu.pantyarso@imds.ac.id. Mobile: +6281299192199. DOI: https://doi.org/10.26911/the7thicph.03.85
Multiple Logistic Regression on the Factors Affecting Exclusive Breastfeeding Practice in Karanganyar, Central Java
Authors:   Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, ‘Arub Lathifah , Pamungkasari Eti Poncorini ,   Faculty of Medicne, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Dewi Yulia Lanti Retno ,   Faculty of Medicne, Universitas Sebelas Maret
Published: February 2021

ABSTRACT Background: Breastfeeding peer support helps lactating women to sustain breastfed and reduce cultural barriers. This study aimed to examine the effects of maternal age, maternal education, maternal employment, type of labor, knowledge, attitude, family support, and social capital on breastfeeding practice. Subjects and Method: A cross sectional study was conducted at 25 integrated health posts in Karanganyar, Central Java, from August to September 2019. A sample of 200 lactating mothers with children aged 7-12 months was selected by stratified random sampling. The dependent variable was exclusive breastfeeding. The independent variables were maternal age, maternal education, maternal employment, type of labor, knowledge, attitude, family support, and social capital. The data were collected by questionnaire and analyzed by a multipe logistic regression. Results: Exclusive breastfeeding increased with maternal age 20-34 years (b= 1.96; 95% CI= 0.53 to 3.39; p= 0.007), maternal education ≥Senior high school (b= 1.47; 95% CI= 0.08 to 2.87; p= 0.038), good knowledge (b= 1.73; 95% CI= 0.33 to 3.12; p= 0.015), positive attitude (b= 1.61; 95% CI= 0.28 to 2.94; p= 0.017), strong family support (b= 1.39; 95% CI= 0.13 to 2.65; p= 0.030), and strong social capital (b= 1.34; 95% CI= 0.01 to 2.68; p= 0.049). Exclusive breastfeeding decreased with mothers working outside the house (b= -2.95; 95% CI= -4.37 to -1.53; p<0.001) and sectio cesarean labor (b= -1.57; 95% CI= -3.06 to -0.08; p= 0.039). Conclusion: Exclusive breastfeeding increases with maternal age 20-34 years, maternal education ≥Senior high school, good knowledge, positive attitude, strong family support, and strong social capital. Exclusive breastfeeding decreases with mothers working outside the house and sectio cesarean labor. Keywords: exclusive breastfeeding, bipsychosocial Correspondence: Lathifah ‘Arub. Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret. Jl. Ir. Sutami 36A, Surakarta 57126, Central Java, Indonesia. Email: lathifah.arub17@gmail.com. Mobile: +625789212539. DOI: https://doi.org/10.26911/the7thicph.03.89
Relative Efficacy of Probiotics Compared with Standard Therapy for Diarrhea Treatment in Children Under Five Years of Age: A Meta-Analysis Evidence from Developing Countries
Authors:   Midwifery Department, School of Health Polytechnics, Tanjungpinang, Saputri Nurul Aini Suria ,   Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Susilawati Tri Nugraha ,   Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Widyaningsih Vitri ,   Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sebelas Maret
Published: February 2021

ABSTRACT Background: Probiotics have been widely studied in a variety of gastrointestinal diseases. There is high-quality evidence that probiotics are effective for acute infectious diarrhea. This study aimed to examine the relative efficacy of probiotics compared with standard therapy for diarrhea treatment in children under five using meta-analysis. Subjects and Method: A meta-analysis was carried out using systematic PRISMA guidelines. The review process begins with searching for articles published between 2009 and 2019 from PubMed, Clinical Key, ScienceDirect, and Scopus databases. This study obtained four articles that meet the criteria of the randomized controlled trial (RCT), the study subjects were toddlers and conducted in developing countries. A sample of 995 children was divided into two groups, 518 children received probiotics (intervention) and 477 children received standard therapy (control). The data were analyzed by Review Manager (RevMan) software 5.3 to assess Standardized Mean Difference (SMD). Results: Probiotics administration reduced duration of acute diarrhea in children under five than standard therapy, with pooled estimate= 0.30 (SMD= -0.30; 95% CI= – 0.56 to -0.03). Conclusion: Probiotics administration combined with standard therapy is effective to reduce the duration of acute diarrhea in children under five in developing countries. Keywords: acute diarrhea, probiotic, children under five Correspondence:Nurul Aini Suria Saputri. Midwifery Department, School of Health Polytechnics, Tanjungpinang/ Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret. Jl. Arief Rahman Hakim No.1, Tanjungpinang, Riau Islands. Email: ainisuriasaputri@gmail.com. Mobile: +6285743401971. DOI: https://doi.org/10.26911/the7thicph.03.95