bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Identification of four biotypes in temporal lobe epilepsy via machine learning on brain images
Authors: Jiang Yuchao , Li Wei , Li Jinmei , Li Xiuli , Zhang Heng , Sima Xiutian , Li Luying , Wang Kang , Li Qifu , Fang Jiajia , Jin Lu , Gong Qiyong , Yao Dezhong , Zhou Dong , Luo Cheng , An Dongmei
Published: March 2024

Artificial intelligence provides an opportunity to try to redefine disease subtypes based on similar pathobiology. Using a machine-learning algorithm (Subtype and Stage Inference) with cross-sectional MRI from 296 individuals with focal epilepsy originating from the temporal lobe (TLE) and 91 healthy controls, we show phenotypic heterogeneity in the pathophysiological progression of TLE. This study was registered in the Chinese Clinical Trials Registry (number: ChiCTR2200062562). We identify two hippocampus-predominant phenotypes, characterized by atrophy beginning in the left or right hippocampus; a third cortex-predominant phenotype, characterized by hippocampus atrophy after the neocortex; and a fourth phenotype without atrophy but amygdala enlargement. These four subtypes are replicated in the independent validation cohort (109 individuals). These subtypes show differences in neuroanatomical signature, disease progression and epilepsy characteristics. Five-year follow-up observations of these individuals reveal differential seizure outcomes among subtypes, indicating that specific subtypes may benefit from temporal surgery or pharmacological treatment. These findings suggest a diverse pathobiological basis underlying focal epilepsy that potentially yields to stratification and prognostication – a necessary step for precise medicine.
High-throughput evaluation of genetic variants with prime editing sensor libraries
Authors: Gould Samuel I. , Wuest Alexandra N. , Dong Kexin , Johnson Grace A. , Hsu Alvin , Narendra Varun K. , Atwa Ondine , Levine Stuart S. , Liu David R. , Sánchez Rivera Francisco J.
Published: March 2024

Tumor genomes often harbor a complex spectrum of single nucleotide alterations and chromosomal rearrangements that can perturb protein function. Prime editing has been applied to install and evaluate genetic variants, but previous approaches have been limited by the variable efficiency of prime editing guide RNAs. Here we present a high-throughput prime editing sensor strategy that couples prime editing guide RNAs with synthetic versions of their cognate target sites to quantitatively assess the functional impact of endogenous genetic variants. We screen over 1,000 endogenous cancer-associated variants of TP53—the most frequently mutated gene in cancer—to identify alleles that impact p53 function in mechanistically diverse ways. We find that certain endogenous TP53 variants, particularly those in the p53 oligomerization domain, display opposite phenotypes in exogenous overexpression systems. Our results emphasize the physiological importance of gene dosage in shaping native protein stoichiometry and protein–protein interactions, and establish a framework for studying genetic variants in their endogenous sequence context at scale.
Metabolic syndrome is not associated with erosive hand osteoarthritis: a cross-sectional study using data from the PROCOAC cohort
Authors: Silva-Díaz Maite , Pértega-Díaz Sonia , Balboa-Barreiro Vanesa , Tilve-Álvarez Carlos M. , Raga-Sivira Ana , Rego-Pérez Ignacio , Blanco Francisco J. , Oreiro Natividad
Published: March 2024

To delineate the phenotype of erosive hand osteoarthritis (EHOA) in a Spanish population and assess its correlation with metabolic syndrome. We conducted a cross-sectional study using baseline data from the Prospective Cohort of Osteoarthritis from A Coruña (PROCOAC). Demographic and clinical variables, obtained through questionnaires, clinical examinations, and patient analytics, were compared among individuals with hand OA, with and without EHOA. We performed appropriate univariate and multivariate stepwise regression analyses using SPSS v28. Among 1039 subjects diagnosed with hand OA, 303 exhibited EHOA. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed associations with inflamed joints, nodular hand OA, and total AUSCAN. Furthermore, the association with a lower prevalence of knee OA remained significant. The influence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) on EHOA patients was analyzed by including MetS as a covariate in the model. It was observed that MetS does not significantly impact the presence of EHOA, maintaining the effect size of other factors. In conclusion, in the PROCOAC cohort, EHOA is associated with nodular hand OA, inflammatory hand OA, and a higher total AUSCAN. However, EHOA is linked to a lower prevalence of knee OA. Importantly, in our cohort, no relationship was found between EHOA and MetS.
Silicon and iron nanoparticles protect rice against lead (Pb) stress by improving oxidative tolerance and minimizing Pb uptake
Authors: Ghouri Fozia , Sarwar Samreen , Sun Lixia , Riaz Muhammad , Haider Fasih Ullah , Ashraf Humera , Lai Mingyu , Imran Muhammad , Liu Jingwen , Ali Shafaqat , Liu Xiangdong , Shahid Muhammad Qasim
Published: March 2024

Lead (Pb) is toxic to the development and growth of rice plants. Nanoparticles (NPs) have been considered one of the efficient remediation techniques to mitigate Pb stress in plants. Therefore, a study was carried out to examine the underlying mechanism of iron (Fe) and silicon (Si) nanoparticle-induced Pb toxicity alleviation in rice seedlings. Si–NPs (2.5 mM) and Fe-NPs (25 mg L−1) were applied alone and in combination to rice plants grown without (control; no Pb stress) and with (100 µM) Pb concentration. Our results revealed that Pb toxicity severely affected all rice growth-related traits, such as inhibited root fresh weight (42%), shoot length (24%), and chlorophyll b contents (26%). Moreover, a substantial amount of Pb was translocated to the above-ground parts of plants, which caused a disturbance in the antioxidative enzyme activities. However, the synergetic use of Fe- and Si–NPs reduced the Pb contents in the upper part of plants by 27%. It reduced the lethal impact of Pb on roots and shoots growth parameters by increasing shoot length (40%), shoot fresh weight (48%), and roots fresh weight (31%). Both Si and Fe–NPs synergistic application significantly elevated superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione (GSH) concentrations by 114%, 186%, 135%, and 151%, respectively, compared to plants subjected to Pb stress alone. The toxicity of Pb resulted in several cellular abnormalities and altered the expression levels of metal transporters and antioxidant genes. We conclude that the synergistic application of Si and Fe-NPs can be deemed favorable, environmentally promising, and cost-effective for reducing Pb deadliness in rice crops and reclaiming Pb-polluted soils.
General protocol for predicting outbreaks of infectious diseases in social networks
Authors: Kwon Sungchul , Park Jeong-Man
Published: March 2024

Epidemic spreading on social networks with quenched connections is strongly influenced by dynamic correlations between connected nodes, posing theoretical challenges in predicting outbreaks of infectious diseases. The quenched connections introduce dynamic correlations, indicating that the infection of one node increases the likelihood of infection among its neighboring nodes. These dynamic correlations pose significant difficulties in developing comprehensive theories for threshold determination. Determining the precise epidemic threshold is pivotal for diseases control. In this study, we propose a general protocol for accurately determining epidemic thresholds by introducing a new set of fundamental conditions, where the number of connections between individuals of each type remains constant in the stationary state, and by devising a rescaling method for infection rates. Our general protocol is applicable to diverse epidemic models, regardless of the number of stages and transmission modes. To validate our protocol’s effectiveness, we apply it to two widely recognized standard models, the susceptible–infected–recovered-susceptible model and the contact process model, both of which have eluded precise threshold determination using existing sophisticated theories. Our results offer essential tools to enhance disease control strategies and preparedness in an ever-evolving landscape of infectious diseases.
BMP2 rs1005464 is associated with mandibular condyle size variation
Authors: Marañón-Vásquez Guido Artemio , de Souza Araújo Mônica Tirre , de Oliveira Ruellas Antônio Carlos , Matsumoto Mírian Aiko Nakane , Figueiredo Marcio , Meyfarth Sandra Regina Santos , Antunes Lívia Azeredo Alves , Baratto-Filho Flares , Scariot Rafaela , Flores-Mir Carlos , Kirschneck Christian , Santos Antunes Leonardo , Küchler Erika Calvano
Published: March 2024

This study aimed to evaluate the association between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in endochondral development-related genes and mandibular condyle shape, size, volume, and symmetry traits. Cone-beam Computed Tomographies and genomic DNA from 118 individuals were evaluated (age range: 15–66 years). Data from twelve 3D landmarks on mandibular condyles were submitted to morphometric analyses including Procrustes fit, principal component analysis, and estimation of centroid sizes and fluctuating asymmetry scores. Condylar volumes were additionally measured. Seven SNPs across BMP2, BMP4, RUNX2 and SMAD6 were genotyped. Linear models were fit to evaluate the effect of the SNPs on the mandibular condyles’ quantitative traits. Only the association between BMP2 rs1005464 and centroid size remained significant after adjusting to account for the false discovery rate due to multiple testing. Individuals carrying at least one A allele for this SNP showed larger condylar size than common homozygotes GG (β = 0.043; 95% CI: 0.014—0.071; P value = 0.028). The model including BMP2 rs1005464, age and sex of the participants explained 17% of the variation in condylar size. Shape, volume, and symmetry were not associated with the evaluated SNPs. These results suggest that BMP2 rs1005464 might be associated with variation in the mandibular condyles size.
A new method to experimentally quantify dynamics of initial protein–protein interactions
Authors: Janakaloti Narayanareddy Babu Reddy , Allipeta Nathan Reddy , Allard Jun , Gross Steven P.
Published: March 2024

Cells run on initiation of protein-protein interactions, which are dynamically tuned spatially and temporally to modulate cellular events. This tuning can be physical, such as attaching the protein to a cargo or protein complex, thereby altering its diffusive properties, or modulating the distance between protein pairs, or chemical, by altering the proteins’ conformations (e.g., nucleotide binding state of an enzyme, post-translational modification of a protein, etc.). Because a dynamic and changing subset of proteins in the cell could be in any specific state, ensemble measurements are not ideal—to untangle which of the factors are important, and how, we need single-molecule measurements. Experimentally, until now we have not had good tools to precisely measure initiation of such protein-protein interactions at the single-molecule level. Here, we develop a new method to measure dynamics of initial protein-protein interactions, allowing measurement of how properties such as the distance between proteins, and their tethered length can modulate the rate of interactions. In addition to precise measurement distance dependent motor-MT rebinding dynamics, we demonstrate the use of a dithered optical trap to measure dynamic motor-MT interactions and further discuss the possibilities of this technique being applicable to other systems.
Artificial intelligence-enabled electrocardiography contributes to hyperthyroidism detection and outcome prediction
Authors: Lin Chin , Kuo Feng-Chih , Chau Tom , Shih Jui-Hu , Lin Chin-Sheng , Chen Chien-Chou , Lee Chia-Cheng , Lin Shih-Hua
Published: March 2024

Background

Hyperthyroidism is frequently under-recognized and leads to heart failure and mortality. Timely identification of high-risk patients is a prerequisite to effective antithyroid therapy. Since the heart is very sensitive to hyperthyroidism and its electrical signature can be demonstrated by electrocardiography, we developed an artificial intelligence model to detect hyperthyroidism by electrocardiography and examined its potential for outcome prediction.

Methods

The deep learning model was trained using a large dataset of 47,245 electrocardiograms from 33,246 patients at an academic medical center. Patients were included if electrocardiograms and measurements of serum thyroid-stimulating hormone were available that had been obtained within a three day period. Serum thyroid-stimulating hormone and free thyroxine were used to define overt and subclinical hyperthyroidism. We tested the model internally using 14,420 patients and externally using two additional test sets comprising 11,498 and 596 patients, respectively.

Results

The performance of the deep learning model achieves areas under the receiver operating characteristic curves (AUCs) of 0.725–0.761 for hyperthyroidism detection, AUCs of 0.867–0.876 for overt hyperthyroidism, and AUC of 0.631–0.701 for subclinical hyperthyroidism, superior to a traditional features-based machine learning model. Patients identified as hyperthyroidism-positive by the deep learning model have a significantly higher risk (1.97–2.94 fold) of all-cause mortality and new-onset heart failure compared to hyperthyroidism-negative patients. This cardiovascular disease stratification is particularly pronounced in subclinical hyperthyroidism, surpassing that observed in overt hyperthyroidism.

Conclusions

An innovative algorithm effectively identifies overt and subclinical hyperthyroidism and contributes to cardiovascular risk assessment.
Total synthesis of (±)-3-demethoxyerythratidinone via Tf2O-promoted cascade reaction of enaminone
Authors: Lou Mingliang , Liu Xiaolei , Han Shoule , Bai Songlin , Qi Xiangbing
Published: March 2024

A 6-step synthesis of the Erythrina alkaloid 3-demethoxyerythratidinone was accomplished through a cascade reaction, featuring Tf2O-induced enaminone activation followed by a Pictet–Spengler reaction for the construction of fused and spiro rings.
Non-destructive 3D exploration of silicate glass corrosion: a combined multiscale approach from the macro to the nanoscale
Authors: Franceschin Giulia , Zanini Roberta , Iori Gianluca , Longo Elena , Divitini Giorgio , Tromba Giuliana , Traviglia Arianna
Published: March 2024

This research combines 3D and surface methods on corroded glass, shedding light on perfectly preserved alteration structures and corrosion processes across scales.
Insight into the activation mechanism of carbonic anhydrase(ii) through 2-(2-aminoethyl)-pyridine: a promising pathway for enhanced enzymatic activity
Authors: Shams Ghamsary Masoumeh , Ghiasi Mina , Naghavi S. Shahab
Published: March 2024

Activation of human carbonic anhydrase II (hCA II) holds great promise for treating memory loss symptoms associated with Alzheimer's disease.
Effect of fission defects on tensile strength of U3Si2 Σ5(210) grain boundary from first-principles calculations
Authors: Zhao Jiajun , Sun Dan , Xi Liu , Chen Ping , Zhao Jijun , Wang Yuanyuan
Published: March 2024

U3Si2 is regarded as a promising accident tolerant fuel (ATF) to replace the commercial fuel UO2; however, grain boundary (GB) embrittlement of U3Si2 caused by irradiation-induced defect segregation remains to be clarified.
Can Duvelisib and Eganelisib work for both cancer and COVID-19? Molecular-level insights from MD simulations and enhanced samplings
Authors: Panda Saroj Kumar , Karmakar Shaswata , Sen Gupta Parth Sarthi , Rana Malay Kumar
Published: March 2024

Synergistic therapeutic effects of Duvelisib and Eganelisib on cancer and COVID-19 targeting PI3Kγ and the main protease of SARS-CoV-2, respectively.
Enhancing saturable absorption in a Au-decorated MoS2/PEDOT:PSS nanocomposite through plasmon resonance and Pauli blocking
Authors: K. Arjun , C. K. Amaljith , B. Karthikeyan
Published: March 2024

Pauli blocking and plasmon-induced enhanced saturable absorption in a Au-decorated MoS2/PEDOT:PSS nanocomposite.
Aflatoxin B1 exposure causes splenic pyroptosis by disturbing the gut microbiota-immune axis
Authors: Chen Huodai , Ye Lin , Wang Yurun , Chen Jiahong , Wang Jie , Li Xueling , Lei Hongtao , Liu Yunle
Published: March 2024

AFB1 induces splenic pyroptosis in mice through the disruption of the gut microbiota.
Oral administration of egg ovalbumin allergen induces dysregulation of tryptophan metabolism in sensitized BALB/c mice
Authors: Wang Zhongliang , Zhang Jie , Yuan Jin , Min Fangfang , Gao Jinyan , Liu Wenfeng , Huang Meijia , Wu Yong , Chen Hongbing
Published: March 2024

The anaphylaxis triggered by oral ingestion of food allergens can lead to disruptions in tryptophan metabolism, consequently impairing intestinal immune homeostasis.
Grain boundaries assisting the generation of abundant Cu+ for highly selective electroreduction of CO2 to ethanol
Authors: Bi Xinze , Zhao Yuezhu , Yan Yifan , Wang Hongzhi , Wu Mingbo
Published: March 2024

The abundant Cu+ species present at the grain boundary plays a crucial role in facilitating efficient electroreduction of CO2 to ethanol.
Interpreting neural networks trained to predict plasma temperature from optical emission spectra
Authors: Képeš Erik , Saeidfirozeh Homa , Laitl Vojtěch , Vrábel Jakub , Kubelík Petr , Pořízka Pavel , Ferus Martin , Kaiser Jozef
Published: March 2024

ANN can learn spectroscopic trends widely used by domain experts for plasma temperature estimation using emission spectra.
Al2O3 growth in PMMA thin films by sequential infiltration synthesis: in situ thickness evolution and mass uptake investigation
Authors: Perego Michele , Seguini Gabriele , Wiemer Claudia , Caligiore Federica E. , Cianci Elena
Published: March 2024

Nucleation of Al2O3 seeds (I) followed by the formation of an Al2O3 network (II) during the initial stages of sequential infiltration synthesis into a polymer matrix.
Enhanced inhibitory activity of compounds containing purine scaffolds compared to protein kinase CK2α considering crystalline water
Authors: Nishiwaki Keiji , Nakatani Shiori , Nakamura Shinya , Yoshioka Kenji , Nakagawa Eri , Tsuyuguchi Masato , Kinoshita Takayoshi , Nakanishi Isao
Published: March 2024

The design of the complex structure of CK2α and the inhibitor, leaving crystalline water molecules in the structure, significantly increased the inhibitory activity.
Solvatochromism and side chain effects on the morphological behavior of bodipy-alt-i-Indigo copolymers
Authors: Singh Anup Kumar , Swain Gitanjali , Birajdar Sarika
Published: March 2024

Aggregational behaviour of bodipy-alt-i-Indigo copolymers, P1 and P2, in different solvent systems.
Electromigration separation of lithium isotopes with B12C4, B15C5 and B18C6 systems
Authors: Zhao Zhiyu , Zhou Xiaolong , Meng Qingfen , Zhang Pengrui , Shao Fei , Li Xiao , Li Huangda , Mao Lianjing , Zheng Tianyu , Jing Yan , Jia Yongzhong , Wang Shuxuan , Sun Jinhe
Published: March 2024

In the aqueous-organic biphasic electromigration system, the larger cavity size of crown ethers, the weaker binding between crown ethers and Li+, and the lower dissociating voltage of complexes and initial voltage enriching 6Li in the catholyte.
Prediction of bone formation rate of bioceramics using machine learning and image analysis
Authors: Yamamoto Ayano , Horikawa Shota , Suzuki Kitaru , Aizawa Mamoru , Kaneko Hiromasa
Published: March 2024

To practically utilize artificial bones, scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of artificial bones are used to analyze their properties and extract important features for predicting bone formation rate, including grain size and contour.
Impact of metastable graphene-diamond coatings on the fracture toughness of silicon carbide
Authors: Rejhon Martin , Dědič Václav , Shestopalov Mykhailo , Kunc Jan , Riedo Elisa
Published: March 2024

The phase-transition of atomically thin graphene coating into a diamond phase increases the hardness and the fracture toughness of SiC even for indentation depths of 10 μm compared to bare SiC, which is against the general indirect relation.
Electronic Lieb lattice signatures embedded in two-dimensional polymers with a square lattice
Authors: Zhang Yingying , Zhao Shuangjie , Položij Miroslav , Heine Thomas
Published: March 2024

ZnPc-xP polymers with square pores are Chern insulators and exhibit Lieb lattice band features, i.e., Dirac cones intersecting a flat band at the Fermi level. Manipulating the Fermi level preserves these distinctive Lieb bands.
Recovery of rare earth elements (Nd, Dy) from discarded hard disk magnets using EDTA functionalised chitosan
Authors: Srivastava Shruti , Bajpai Anurag , Musthaq Syed Mohammad , Biswas Krishanu
Published: March 2024

Rare earth elements (REEs) are crucial for advanced green technologies and other critical applications, including defence, medical devices, electronics, and catalysts.
Substitution-pattern- and counteranion-dependent ion-pairing assemblies of heteroporphyrin-based π-electronic cations
Authors: Fujita Masaki , Haketa Yohei , Seki Shu , Maeda Hiromitsu
Published: March 2024

Metal complexation and peripheral modifications of thiaporphyrins have been investigated for preparing π-electronic cations with substituent-dependent modulated electronic properties and anion-dependent ion-pairing assembling modes.
Predicting two-dimensional semiconductors using conductivity effective mass
Authors: Zhang Wenjun , Yao Zhikun , Burton Lee A.
Published: March 2024

This study investigates if automatically sampling the electron band structure can predict the ease of separating chemically bonded layers by analyzing the relationship between conductivity effective mass and exfoliation energy.
Photoswitching of arylazopyrazoles upon S1 (nπ*) excitation studied by transient absorption spectroscopy and ab initio molecular dynamics
Authors: Reichenauer Till , Böckmann Marcus , Ziegler Katharina , Kumar Vikas , Ravoo Bart Jan , Doltsinis Nikos L. , Schlücker Sebastian
Published: March 2024

Arylazopyrazoles (AAPs) are an important class of molecular photoswitches with high photostationary states (PSS) and long thermal lifetimes.
Dynamic effects on the nonlinear optical properties of donor acceptor stenhouse adducts: insights from combined MD + QM simulations
Authors: Dellai Angela , Naim Carmelo , Cerezo Javier , Prampolini Giacomo , Castet Frédéric
Published: March 2024

The second-order nonlinear optical (NLO) responses of a donor–acceptor stenhouse adduct (DASA) are investigated by using a computational approach combining molecular dynamics simulations and density functional theory (DFT) calculations.
Highly dispersed ruthenium capsulated in UiO-66-NH2 for hydrogen-borrowing-mediated N-alkylation reactions
Authors: Li Jiahao , Ou Shiguo , Sang Xinxin , Chai Ruirui , Wang Dawei
Published: March 2024

Herein, atomically dispersed Ru sites are encapsulated within UiO-66–NH2 frameworks to serve as a highly active, selective, and stable catalyst for amine synthesis via N-alkylation reactions of o-phenylenediamine with monohydric alcohols.
Inverse design of metal–organic frameworks for direct air capture of CO2via deep reinforcement learning
Authors: Park Hyunsoo , Majumdar Sauradeep , Zhang Xiaoqi , Kim Jihan , Smit Berend
Published: March 2024

A reinforcement learning framework enables the design and discovery of novel metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) for direct air capture of CO2 (DAC) in terms of CO2 heat of adsorption and CO2/H2O selectivity.
A low temperature and high-power density lignin flow fuel cell via an efficient CoMn-LDH electrocatalyst with superhydrophilic intercalation
Authors: Liang Tengda , Zu Xihong , Liu Bowen , Qiu Xueqing , Xie Zixin , Wang Xiaofei , Yang Dongjie
Published: March 2024

A novel high-power density and low temperature lignin flow fuel cell was developed using efficient CoMn-LDH electrocatalysts with good electrical conductivity and high adsorption capacity for lignin. It achieves 269.3 mW cm−2 and works stably.
Multiscale investigation of the mechanism of biomass deconstruction in the dimethyl isosorbide/water Co-solvent pretreatment system
Authors: Yang Shuang , Mohan Mood , Gao Xiangbo , Yang Xianpeng , Zhu Jiawei , Smith Jeremy C. , Wang Lei
Published: March 2024

This study provides a fundamental understanding of the multiscale results on the biomass deconstruction mechanism by solvent DMI, contributing to the discovery of the green, efficient and sustainable lignocellulosic biomass pretreatment technologies.
Design, synthesis and antimycobacterial activity of imidazo[1,5-a]quinolines and their zinc-complexes
Authors: Marner Michael , Kulhanek Niclas , Eichberg Johanna , Hardes Kornelia , Molin Michael Dal , Rybniker Jan , Kirchner Michael , Schäberle Till F. , Göttlich Richard
Published: March 2024

In this study, we report the novel bioactivity of imidazo[1,5-a]quinolines and their complexes against Mycobacterium tuberculosis Mtb.
SnS2 decorated biochar: a robust platform for the photocatalytic degradation and electrochemical sensing of pollutants
Authors: Ganaie Firdous Ahmad , ul-Haq Zia , Bashir Arshid , Qureashi Aaliya , Nazir Irfan , Fatima Kaniz , Pandith Altaf Hussain , Bhat Mohsin Ahmad
Published: March 2024

We report the decoration of biochar with self-assembled SnS2 nanoflakes for methylene blue degradation and electrochemical sensing of Hg2+ and Pb2+ ions.
Facile one-pot synthesis of mulberry-shape silver nanoparticle-doped porphyrin nanoassembly with self-promoted electrochemiluminescence
Authors: Wang Yisha , Shu Jiangnan , Zhuo Linfeng , Wang Manli , Nie Wei , Cui Hua
Published: March 2024

Mulberry-shape silver nanoparticle-doped porphyrin nanoassembly with self-promoted high efficiency electrochemiluminescence was synthesized by a facile one-pot strategy.
Dual-functional mediators of high-entropy Prussian blue analogues for lithiophilicity and sulfiphilicity in Li–S batteries
Authors: Shen Nan , Li Tianqi , Li Boya , Wang Yi , Liu He , Guo Cong , Chen Xiaoyu , Li Jingfa
Published: March 2024

High-entropy Prussian blue analogues containing multiple metal ions are employed as dual-functional mediators in facilitating polysulfide conversion kinetics and regulating Li plating for lithium–sulfur batteries.
Antimicrobial nanoparticles: current landscape and future challenges
Authors: Mondal Suresh K. , Chakraborty Sourav , Manna Sounik , Mandal Santi M.
Published: March 2024

Antimicrobial resistance poses a serious threat to global health, necessitating the exploration of innovative solutions.
Peptide recognition by a synthetic receptor at subnanomolar concentrations
Authors: Suating Paolo , Ewe Marc B. , Kimberly Lauren B. , Arman Hadi D. , Wherritt Daniel J. , Urbach Adam R.
Published: March 2024

The synthetic receptor cucurbit[8]uril (Q8) binds the N-terminal dipeptide site Lys-Phe with subnanomolar affinity in neutral aqueous buffer.
Integration of melt electrowritten microfibers with magnetoelastic sensors for continuous monitoring of cell growth
Authors: Skinner William S. , Saiz Paula G. , Reizabal Ander , Plumley Jeffrey E. , Dalton Paul D. , Ong Keat Ghee
Published: March 2024

In this study, melt electrowriting (MEW) is used to define and integrate specific topographies on the surface of magnetoelastic sensors, which enable custom control of attachment, distribution, and alignment of cells along the sensor surface.
Single-step synthesis of titanium nitride-oxide composite and AI-driven aging forecast for lithium–sulfur batteries
Authors: Li Ka Chun , Chen Xuanming , Sabbaghi Aghil , Wong Chi Ho , Tang Chak-yin , Lam Frank Leung-Yuk , Hu Xijun
Published: March 2024

This study presents a single-step synthesis of a TiO2–TiN composite for Li–S batteries, using AI for aging forecasts, streamlining processes and leading to safer, more sustainable production.
Exchanging interlayer anions in NiFe-LDHs nanosphere enables superior battery-type storage for high-rate aqueous hybrid supercapacitors
Authors: Nishad Harishchandra S. , Kotha Vishal , Sarawade Pradip , Chaskar Atul C. , Mane Sagar , Lee Jaewoong , Walke Pravin S.
Published: March 2024

Owing to the remarkable adjustability of layers, layered double hydroxides (LDHs) can adopt superior conductivity and a charge-storage capacity.
Bubble induced piezoelectric activation of peroxymonosulfate on BiOCl for formaldehyde degradation during the absorption process: a density functional theory study
Authors: Xu Wenwen , Jing Binghua , Li Qianyu , Cao Jiachun , Zhou Junhui , Li Juntian , Li Didi , Ao Zhimin
Published: March 2024

Gas bubbling during solution absorption can induce strain on piezoelectric materials, which can be used to activate peroxymonosulfate (PMS).
Regulation of band gap and localized surface plasmon resonance by loading Au nanorods on violet phosphene nanosheets for photodynamic/photothermal synergistic anti-infective therapy
Authors: Shen Qiudi , Li Zhihao , Bai Haoran , Gu Mengyue , Kang Jing , Jia Ran , Zhang Jinying , Dong Alideertu
Published: March 2024

VPNS/AuNR has a synergistic antimicrobial mechanism against bacteria through PDT and PTT for the treatment of wound infection.
Using ChatGPT to Improve Health Communication and Plain Language Writing for Students in Communication Sciences and Disorders
Authors: Slavych Bonnie K. , Atcherson Samuel R. , Zraick Richard
Published: March 2024

Purpose:

This article explores the potential of using ChatGPT, an artificial intelligence–powered chatbot, as a tool to teach plain language writing to students in communication sciences and disorders (CSD). It addresses the importance of plain language writing in health care communication and identifies the challenges faced by graduate students in adopting plain language writing.

Conclusions:

Integrating ChatGPT into CSD education can empower students to develop effective plain language writing skills, with the potential of ultimately improving their communication skills and patient outcomes. The article highlights the potential positive impact of ChatGPT on clinical documentation and health communication, emphasizing the potential to enhance accuracy, consistency, productivity, efficiency, and language accessibility. While considering the limitations and ethical considerations of ChatGPT, the article concludes by emphasizing the need for a balanced approach that combines ChatGPT technology with human instruction to ensure responsible utilization and promote student competency in plain language writing.
Dynamic Assessments of Word Reading Skills in Diverse School-Age Children: A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Wood Emily , Biggs Kereisha , Molnar Monika
Published: March 2024

Purpose:

Dynamic assessments evaluate ability to learn and may be less biased against children who historically have underperformed on static measures that evaluate acquired knowledge. This meta-analysis examined the validity of dynamic assessments of word reading skills (phonological awareness, sound–symbol knowledge, and decoding), as measured by the strength of their correlation with performance on word reading measures. The consistency of their validity across participant reading status (typically developing vs. at risk), language status (monolingual vs. bilingual), and age group (4–5 vs. 6–7 vs. 8–9 years) was also examined to determine whether this assessment approach is an equitable means of evaluating early word reading skills.

Method:

Electronic databases and preprint repositories were searched to identify studies that evaluated dynamic assessments of word reading skills conducted with children between the ages of 4 and 10 years. Pearson's correlation coefficients representing the relationship between dynamic assessments and word reading measures were extracted, and an overall pooled mean effect size was calculated using a random-effects meta-analysis with robust variance estimation. Subgroup analyses for participant reading status, language status, and age group were also conducted to determine whether there were significant differences in effect sizes across groups.

Results:

Thirty-five studies with 192 effect sizes were identified. Overall, dynamic assessments of word reading skills demonstrated strong correlations with word reading measures (
g
= 0.49). Subgroup analysis by age indicated that dynamic assessments are significantly better suited to evaluate word reading in younger children (ages 4–5 and 6–7 years) than older students (ages 8–9 years;
p
= .0001). Validity was consistent across typically developing and at-risk participants and across bilinguals and monolinguals. There were few studies conducted with bilinguals despite dynamic assessment's purported application for this population.

Conclusion:

This meta-analysis provides preliminary evidence to support dynamic assessments as a valid and equitable means of evaluating word reading skills with diverse children aged 4–7 years.

Supplemental Material:

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.25293046
Thermal runaway and induced electrical failure of epoxy resin in high‐frequency transformers: Insulation design reference
Authors: Shang Xingyu , Pang Lei , Bu Qinhao , Zhang Qiaogen
Published: March 2024

Solid‐state transformers (SSTs) have applications in medium‐voltage direct current (MVDC) grids and compact power systems. High‐frequency transformer (HFT) is the core component of SSTs. High levels of high frequency high dv/dt voltage stresses challenged the integrity of the galvanic insulation of HFTs. However, dielectric thermal runaway and resultant electrical failure mechanisms in epoxy resin (EP) cast insulation remain unclear. Dielectric heating of EP across varying voltages, frequencies, rising edges, duty cycles and DC biases were measured and corroborated by simulation. The thermal runaway threshold mainly depends on the tangency point of the loss generation and heat dissipation curves below the glass transition temperature. Observations reveal that thermal runaway does not directly cause breakdown; instead, thermal decomposition above 200°C triggers discharge and eventual failure. Simulations demonstrate that temperature rise mainly depends on the average field within the electrode region and inter‐segment and inter‐layer distances within the HFT winding definitively impact insulation thermal runaway. By applying different criteria for MV and high‐voltage (HV) transformers, the reference electric fields for insulation design with unfilled and filled EP were obtained. For instance, limiting dielectric heating below 5 K at 50 kHz necessitates an RMS average field less than 0.44 V/mm, which is much lower than dry‐type transformer conventions. The authors prove the necessity of re‐evaluating the permissible field strength in HFT insulation design.
Solar photovoltaic panel soiling accumulation and removal methods: A review
Authors: Liu Yunpeng , Li Haoyi , Li Le , Yin Xiaoxuan , Wu Xinyue , Su Zheng , Gao Fengsheng , Cai BinBin , Tang Li , Zhou Songsong
Published: March 2024

Photovoltaic (PV) power generation has become a key area for investment worldwide. Solar PV panels are the core components of PV power generation systems, and the accumulation of soiling on their surfaces has numerous adverse effects on power generation. This paper provides an overview of the soiling accumulation on PV panels and the existing soiling removal methods. Firstly, the sources of soiling particles and the mechanism of soiling fall are analyzed, based on which the accumulation of soiling on the surface of the PV panels is described in detail, and then the effect of the surface soiling on the PV panels is investigated in the order of optics‐thermology‐electrical, with the necessary semiempirical formulas provided to assist in more in‐depth analyses. In addition, the principles, status quo, effects, costs, advantages, and disadvantages of existing soiling removal methods are specifically described, thus providing a reference for the selection of soiling removal methods in different regions. The paper also analyses the soiling accumulation and removal challenges of PV panels in different regions of China. The results of the study are important for the improvement of the effectiveness of soiling removal and the rational optimization of the soiling removal scheme.
Mapping land use land cover (LUCL) and its influence on land surface temperature (LST): A case study in Dau Tieng district at Binh Duong province
Authors: Tran Ha Phuong , Ha Tuan Cuong , Nguyen Thi Thuy Huong , Nguyen Ngoc Thy , Duong Ba Man , Danh Mon , Pham Tuan Nhi
Published: March 2024

At present, land surface temperature (LST) is an important index in monitoring the urban heat is-land phenomenon and changes in local climate, as well as global climate. By analyzing the variation in land use land cover (LULC), we can see how changes in LULC will lead to changes in LST and understand the expansion of urbanization related to LST. This study used Landsat 8’s thermal infrared band to extract and calculate LST values in DauTieng district in the period 2015-2022. In addition, this study also classified LULC by using the Support Vector Machine algorithm, then evaluated changes in LST on cropland, forest, water surface, and impervious surface areas. The results showed that in places with dense vegetation cover, LST value was low, whereas when moving to areas with low density of vegetation and residential areas, industrial parks,… LST value gradually increased. In general, changes in LULC are important factors that cause LST to increase or decrease, thereby suggesting solutions to minimize high-temperature areas
WHO-Leitlinie zur psychischen Gesundheit am
Arbeitsplatz
Authors: Piso Brigitte , Nußbaumer-Streit Barbara , Gartlehner Gerald
Published: March 2024

Die Weltgesundheitsorganisation (WHO) veröffentlichte im September 2022 die
Leitlinie „Guidelines on mental health at work“. Die WHO erarbeitete die
Leitlinie gemäß WHO-Standards. Um den Transfer in den deutschsprachigen Raum zu
erleichtern, wurde die Zusammenfassung dieser Leitlinie vom Team des WHO
Collaborating Centres für Evidenzbasierte Medizin an der Universität für
Weiterbildung Krems (Österreich) ins Deutsche übersetzt. Schätzungsweise 15+%
der Erwachsenen im erwerbsfähigen Alter sind im Laufe ihres Lebens von einer
psychischen Erkrankung betroffen. In der Folge kann die Fähigkeit zur
beruflichen Teilhabe unter anderem durch eine verringerte Produktivität und
Leistungsfähigkeit oder durch Schwierigkeiten bei der Aufrechterhaltung oder
Erlangung eines Beschäftigungsverhältnisses beeinträchtigt sein. Die Leitlinie
beinhaltet 12 Empfehlungen. Diese bieten eine evidenzbasierte Orientierungshilfe
zu organisatorischen Maßnahmen, zur Schulung von Führungskräften und
ArbeitnehmerInnen, zu spezifischen gesundheitsfördernden und präventiven
Maßnahmen, sowie zur Rückkehr an den Arbeitsplatz nach psychisch bedingten
Fehlzeiten und zu Beschäftigungsverhältnissen für Menschen mit psychischen
Erkrankungen. Durch die Bereitstellung dieser neuen WHO-Empfehlungen soll die
Strategieentwicklung und die Planung und Erbringung von Dienstleistungen, die
psychische Gesundheit und Gesundheit am Arbeitsplatz betreffen, auf nationaler
und betrieblicher Ebene erleichtert werden.
Risperidone-Induced Leukoneutropenia: Evidence from a Positive
Rechallenge and Review of the Literature
Authors: Sahnoun Dhouha , Ghanmi Ahlem , Gazzeh Soumaya , Saguem Bochra , Slim Raoudha , Nakhli Jaafar , Ben Salem Chaker
Published: March 2024

Antipsychotics can cause hematologic disorders, and they can have life-threatening
consequences. Risperidone, less commonly associated with hematologic adverse
effects, is an atypical antipsychotic medication used to treat conditions such as
schizophrenia, bipolar disorder and irritability associated with autism. While
risperidone primarily affects the central nervous system, it can have some
hematologic adverse effects, although these are relatively rare. It is crucial to
note that these side effects are not common, and most people taking risperidone do
not experience hematologic disorders. The reporting of such disorders may be more
frequent with clozapine compared to other atypical antipsychotics because clozapine
treatment necessitates regular hematological monitoring 1.
Quantifying Residual Rivaroxaban Plasma Concentration after Antagonization with Andexanet Alfa: A Difficult Task in Routine Clinical Practice
Authors: Mair Alexander , Huber Gilles , Studt Jan-Dirk , Spahn Donat R. , Kaserer Alexander
Published: March 2024

We describe the case of a 38-year-old man with a history of chronic portal vein thrombosis who presented with abdominal pain after a transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt procedure. Under anticoagulation therapy with rivaroxaban, he experienced active splenic bleeding, leading to hemodynamic instability. Emergency interventions, including andexanet alfa and nanoparticle administration, successfully stopped the bleeding. However, routine tests showed persistently high rivaroxaban levels despite reversal with andexanet alfa. This case report shows that next to standard anti-Xa activity assay, high-performance liquid chromatography is as well unreliable in this regard. In contrast, viscoelastic tests might better serve as indicators of the efficacy of the reversal. The availability of modified anti-Xa tests is urgently needed, to monitor the effects of andexanet alfa reversal.
Innate Immune Response-Mediated Inflammation in Viral Pneumonia
Authors: Ni Weiwei , Wei Xin , Wu Rui
Published: March 2024

Objective This study aims to investigate the intricate interactions between viral infections, specifically within the context of community-acquired pneumonia. We seek to shed light on the underestimation of viral pneumonia cases, utilizing advancements in molecular diagnostic testing.

Methods The investigation involves a comprehensive review of existing literature to explore the prevalence and impact of various viruses causing pneumonia in both children and adults. Our focus spans parainfluenza virus, respiratory syncytial virus, human bocavirus, human metapneumovirus, and rhinoviruses in children and coronaviruses, rhinoviruses, and influenza viruses in adults. The study further delves into the host's innate immune response, emphasizing the roles of pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), type I interferons (IFNs), proinflammatory cytokines, and other immune cells during viral infections.

Results The analysis reveals a substantial global burden of viral community-acquired pneumonia, estimating approximately 200 million cases annually in children and adults combined. This study underscores viruses' significant, previously underestimated role in causing pneumonia. Insights into specific viruses affecting different age groups and their prevalence in various geographical settings are provided.

Conclusion In conclusion, this review emphasizes the necessity of recognizing the substantial contribution of viral infections to community-acquired pneumonia cases. The host's innate immune response, mediated by PRRs, type I IFNs, and other immune mediators, is pivotal in preventing viral invasion and replication. The study accentuates the importance of continued research into understanding the innate immune mechanisms involved in viral infections and the resulting inflammation.
Imaging in the Causes of Secondary Hypertension: Unveiling the Hidden Culprits
Authors: Periaswamy Gopinath , Christopher Navya , Arunachalam Venkatesh Kasi , Mangalakumar V. , Pulappadi Vishnu Prasad , Mahadevan Gowtham Sembagoundenvalasu , R. Sriman , R. Rupa , Mehta Pankaj , Cherian Mathew
Published: March 2024

Secondary hypertension refers to the cases of hypertension having a specific underlying etiology. Secondary hypertension can be further divided to endocrine or nonendocrine causes. Radiologists must accurately identify the secondary causes of hypertension, as many of them can be treated, and treatment can result in improved symptoms or resolution of hypertension. Secondary hypertension requires a thorough imaging investigation using ultrasound, Doppler ultrasound, computed tomography angiography, magnetic resonance imaging, scintigraphy, and other imaging techniques to identify the underlying cause for optimal management.
Medical student advocacy and action: a student-led initiative to prevent firearm violence
Authors: Safeek Rachel H. , Udoh Karen , McGee Suzanne , Kodner Charles , Shaw Monica Ann , Sawning Susan
Published: March 2024

Firearm violence continues to substantially increase, yet medical education is largely devoid of firearm injury prevention efforts. We evaluated reactions to Gun Violence Prevention Week (GVPW) sessions to initiate a longitudinal curriculum. All 280 participants were invited to evaluate GVPW through post-session surveys and 158 responded; 77% (124/158) were medical students. One hundred nine participants reported no prior training. Themes from open-ended questions confirmed GVPW significance by noting importance of (1) advocacy/community, (2) personal narratives, and (3) skill-based strategies. Participants expressed need for further training. Future directions include required firearm violence prevention training for all medical students.
Measuring irreversibility via trend pattern lengths
Authors: Morales Herrera Jessica , Salgado-García R.
Published: March 2024

In this work, we present a method to assess irreversibility in real-valued time series. Our approach introduces a novel measure based on the statistics of what we term “trend patterns.” By dividing a real-valued time series into subsequences that exhibit either increasing or decreasing trends, we define distributions representing the duration of uptrend and downtrend subsequences. When the process is reversible, these distributions should coincide. Consequently, we quantify the degree of irreversibility by measuring the statistical deviations between them. Our findings demonstrate the efficacy of this approach in identifying reversible and irreversible time series, even when working with not-so-long sample sizes. We have successfully applied this irreversibility index to real-world time series, particularly financial data sourced from cryptocurrency markets and heartbeat time series. Our analysis proves that the introduced method is effective in evaluating the irreversibility of real-valued time series without implementing any codification process.
Field-free control and switching of perpendicular magnetization by voltage induced manipulation of RKKY interaction
Authors: Tran Bao Xuan , Ha Jae-Hyun , Choi Won-Chang , Yoon Seongsoo , Kim Tae-Hwan , Hong Jung-Il
Published: March 2024

Voltage control of magnetization offers substantial advantages in energy efficiency for the development of spintronics technology. However, achieving a complete 180° magnetization switching remains as a challenging task since the electric field cannot provide torques to turn the magnetic moment in the ferromagnetic material. To address this challenge, we explore the utilization of synthetic antiferromagnetic (sAFM) structure coupled by Ruderman–Kittel–Kasuya–Yosida (RKKY) interaction in the two ferromagnetic (FM) Co layers separated by a suitable thickness Ru spacer layer. One of the FM layers was prepared to be in contact with the GdOx layer, where ionic motion of oxygen can be manipulated via an application of electric field. Depending on the oxidation state at the interface with GdOx, the RKKY coupling can be adjusted and achieves reversible transitions between antiferromagnetic (AFM) and FM orders of FM layers at room temperature. The transition is mediated by the migration and redistribution of oxygen ions, transforming the Co/Gd interface into Co/GdOx and vice versa. This method suggests a stable and electrical route for magnetization reversals without an external magnetic field.