bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Le commentaire justificatif après l’écriture d’invention ou travailler la prise de distance avec son texte
Authors: Tauveron Anne-Marie
Published: July 2018

Permettre aux élèves d’améliorer leurs productions dans le cadre de l’écriture d’invention implique qu’ils puissent prendre de la distance par rapport à leurs propres textes. Or, l’expérience montre qu’il est difficile d’obtenir d’eux une relecture efficace, faute d’un manque de recul par rapport à ce qu’ils lisent. Demander aux élèves un commentaire justificatif après qu’ils aient écrit, oblige les scripteurs à relire leur texte pour expliquer ou justifier leurs choix d’écriture. Cela leur donne donc l’occasion de revenir au texte initial, de clarifier ce qu’ils en ont retenu, de préciser l’interprétation qu’ils en ont retirée, et de réfléchir sur la manière dont ils ont élaboré leur propre texte. A travers les analyses de quelques commentaires d’élèves de Première après l’écriture d’une suite de texte, d’une parodie, d’un pastiche et d’un apologue, on constate que le commentaire justificatif pratiqué de manière fréquente est utile, voire essentiel à plusieurs niveaux. Il se montre fructueux pour l’élève à qui l’exercice permet de prendre du recul par rapport à sa production écrite, de s’interroger sur ce qu’il a mis en oeuvre pour exécuter cette tâche, de développer ainsi ses compétences de lecteur et de scripteur en prenant conscience du fonctionnement de sa propre écriture. Il se révèle précieux aussi pour l’enseignant qui peut s’appuyer sur le commentaire justificatif pour mieux évaluer l’écriture d’invention et surtout aider l’élève à réécrire son texte.
En inventant, en écrivant au collège
Authors: Suffys Séverine
Published: July 2018

L’écriture d’invention au collège est un objet didactique hétérogène à construire, au quotidien des pratiques d’apprentissage d’une langue maternelle, ou langue première, en train de devenir «langue de culture » . C’est dans ce passage d’un monde connu à un autre moins familier, plus étrange, plus abstrait -monde des mots, de la polyphonie et de la polysémie des textes et du langage -que l’imagination et la créativité redonnent un souffle à ce qui pourrait être une sorte de «nouvel esprit pédagogique » prenant en compte l’invention. Entre libération du geste de l’écriture et précision des cadres d’accompagnement -pour que ce geste ne reste pas dans la spontanéité -les sujets élèves et enseignants se font rédacteurs-passeurs, lecteurs-passeurs d’écrits ; petits écrits du quotidien, pastiches de textes lus ou entendus, mise en mots, en listes, empaquetage ou emballage de ce qui n’est pas encore tout à fait de l’écrit mais qui commence à y ressembler, tant les compétences des uns et des autres, si minimes soient-elles, entrent en résonance et en dialogue, des unes aux autres. Parce que l’élève découvre au moment où il écrit, où il s’écrit , qu’il n’est plus tout à fait le même, qu’il a grandi, un peu. L’invention des détours pédagogiques vers ou par l’écriture se ressource dans l’hétérogénéité des publics d’élèves, dans les métamorphoses adolescentes qui transforment une année scolaire en histoire ou en récit. Mais elle se renouvelle dans le questionnement permanent de l’activité langagière sur elle-même : qu’est-ce qu’écrire ? Pour quoi écrire ? Qui écrit pour qui ?
Ambiguïtés de l’écriture d’invention au lycée : un champ non stabilisé
Authors: Maubant Yves
Published: July 2018

Situé dans un schéma didactique « restreint » : celui d’un professeur qui prépare les épreuves écrites de l’EAF dans une classe de 1re (STI), cette étude articule témoignage, réflexions et repères problématiques pour développer l’hypothèse d’un champ non stabilisé, et sans doute non stabilisable. Ces questions posées à l’écriture d’invention se situent notamment dans le cadre de dynamiques de projet qui viennent conclure les séquences didactiques élaborées à partir des objets d’étude par des propositions motivantes de sujets d’invention. Elles sont reliées à des questions posées aux chercheurs ou à des réponses données dans ce numéro de Pratiques.

Les «repères problématiques » d’un praticien ont donc été reliés d’abord à l’hétérogénéité du cahier des charges didactique pour l’écriture d’invention au lycée, décliné en huit rubriques qui vont du groupement de textes fondateur à la question du style. Même si de nouvelles pratiques pédagogiques, liées entre autres à l’utilisation des Technologies de l’Information et de la Communication viennent enrichir le champ problématique de l’écriture d‘ invention au lycée, il reste nourri d’ambiguïtés quant à l’évaluation et au fait que l’activité de réécriture et le transfert générique doivent créer un discours vraisemblable.

Enfin, les difficultés viennent du choix commun d’une écriture argumentative et des genres prescrits par cette argumentation, genres de discours qui ne sont pas forcément des genres littéraires, ou surtout suffisamment classiques, c’est-à-dire faisant l’objet d’un apprentissage dans les classes. Ce que quelques études de cas, formulées à partir de sujets extraits des annales révèlent ensuite, c’est qu’il s’agit de procéder à plusieurs réévaluations didactiques, qui tiennent compte de contraintes discursives complexes et permettent une l’évaluation critériée liée à la construction d’un référentiel de formation. Des questions posées aux chercheurs concluent ce tableau critique.
Polyvalence des toponymes et interprétation en contexte
Authors: Lecolle Michelle
Published: July 2018

L’article aborde la question de l’interprétation des toponymes (noms de villes, noms de pays) dans leur contexte, en corpus journalistique (presse d’information générale). A rebours d’une conception univoque du nom propre, il envisage la variété des valeurs sémantico-référentielles des toponymes, basée sur leur polyvalence intrinsèque (lieu et institution) et sur les métonymies usuelles auxquelles ils peuvent donner lieu. La variété des valeurs dégagées peut conduire en contexte à plusieurs cas, allant de l’interprétation sémantique et référentielle univoque à l’ambiguïté et à la compositionnalité des sens. Envisageant le contexte comme une interaction dynamique des paliers du syntagme, de la phrase, du texte (article journalistique), de l’intertexte d’un sous-corpus thématique, l’article examine son rôle dans le maintien de l’ambiguïté ou de la surdétermination ou au contraire dans l’interprétation univoque des occurrences de toponymes.
Forme d’énoncé et justesse lexicale, en situation de débat littéraire (cycle 3)
Authors: Masseron Caroline
Published: July 2018

Le corpus utilisé est celui d’une transcription de débat littéraire, portant sur le chapitre XVII de Pinocchio et impliquant quatorze élèves d’une classe de CM1-CM2 (juin 2005). L’article retient quelques faits de langue, syntaxiques ou lexicaux, et les étudie du double point de vue du discours et de son contexte d’abord, puis du système de la langue ensuite, dans le but de montrer que la recevabilité des formes considérées n’appelle ni les mêmes descripteurs ni ne conduit aux mêmes jugements, selon que l’énoncé considéré est pris dans une dynamique interactionnelle (le discours) ou au contraire isolé et réalisant une forme-sens qui nécessite une description linguistique (la langue). Les observations faites, portant notamment sur la quantification et la négation (comprises comme des opérations de discours) soulèvent le problème de l’enseignement de la langue, de ses objectifs et de ses méthodes, une fois que le débat analysé a permis d’identifier des besoins langagiers appropriés à l’âge des élèves et au genre de discours considéré. Les propositions didactiques – sur lesquelles se referme l’article – soulignent le profit qu’on peut tirer du contexte, pour analyser d’abord puis renforcer des acquisitions lexicales et syntaxiques, en Cycle 3 et sans doute au-delà.
Référence et Environnement Multimédia : Co-, Con-, Inter-, Para-, Hypertexte
Authors: Achard-Bayle Guy
Published: July 2018

Après avoir brièvement analysé la notion de «représentation » artistique, des points de vue sémiologique et linguistique, je consacre mon étude aux expressions (notamment les SN définis et démonstratifs) qui font référence à et dans des oeuvres d’art, à l’oral comme à l’écrit, à partir de divers documents (visuels et sonores) extraits du CD-Rom Le Louvre. Je m’intéresse donc ici à un type de contexte particulier : l’environnement multimédia, où se côtoient textes, images et paroles. Les caractéristiques «traditionnelles » qui ont permis de distinguer jusqu’ici SN défini et SN démonstratif (en gros : rappel ou monstration) se voient passablement bousculées : soit l’environnement multimédia en exploite spectaculairement les effets en termes de familiarité et de proximité, soit il brouille les cartes entre texte et contexte, anaphore et deixis... (*)
Les fonctions heuristiques de l’écrit : le cas des définitions
Authors: Kara Mohamed
Published: July 2018

Cet article se donne pour objet de décrire, en partie, les dimensions heuristiques des écrits universitaires. La postulation principale tient dans le fait que, contrairement à certaines conceptions de sens commun, l’écriture sert à informer l’objet de recherche, structure la pensée graphique, démultiplie les opportunités de scrutation et prédispose en quelque sorte à l’activité même de recherche et de « découvertes » potentielles. Le travail de la définition se révèle être, à cet égard, un lieu privilégié de production de savoirs au sens où il permet d’éprouver des connaissances admises en vue de les critiquer, de les amender et de les intégrer, le cas échéant, dans un paradigme nouveau prenant en ligne de compte les données antérieures. Au service de cette conception heuristique de l’écrit, quatre approches spécifiques au moins permettent de conférer aux définitions une portée épistémologique ; quatre approches qui préfigurent autant de pistes didactiques à explorer.
Récits dans la classe de mathématiques
Authors: Lahanier-Reuter Dominique
Published: July 2018

Nous proposons ici une exploration des récits possibles circulant dans l’espace de la classe de mathématiques basée sur la mise en oeuvre d’une double classification : récits oraux/ récits écrits, récits produits par l’enseignant/ par les élèves. En déclinant ensuite systématiquement les différents mondes que ces récits sont susceptibles de convoquer, les durées (longues ou brèves) des contrats de lecture ou d’écriture nous parvenons à une identification des différents genres de récits, étayée d’exemples représentatifs.
Nature mise en récits
Authors: Viel Annette , Girault Yves
Published: July 2018

Les collections patrimoniales, les artefacts muséologiques sont présentés depuis maintenant plus d’un siècle selon une trame narrative, dont la forme elle-même n’a cessé d’évoluer. Après avoir, dans le cadre de notre approche analytique, mis tout d’abord l’accent sur un ancrage, tant historique qu’épistémologique, nous décrivons de nouvelles manières de présenter la nature, non seulement selon le traditionnel paradigme éducatif, mais bien plus et surtout dans le cadre du paradigme interprétatif qui nous conduit à reformuler les questions de réception du récit scientifique par les visiteurs. Enfin nous analysons la contribution du récit muséologique comme vecteur d’une expérience citoyenne.
La diagonale du style. Étapes d’une appropriation de la langue
Authors: Jaubert Anna
Published: July 2018

Cet article défend une conception continuiste de la langue au style. Il vise à sortir de l’impasse artificiellement créée par l’opposition entre une stylistique « ballyenne » fo calisée sur l’affectivité dans la langue, mais en réalité mal comprise (Adam 1997 et 2006) et une stylistique restreinte, se réservant les oeuvres littéraires et l’appréciation de leur singularité, moins radicale qu’on s’est plu à le croire. En effet cette opposition est surmontable si, en prolongeant les postulats guillaumiens, l’on revient au caractère dynamique de « l’activité de langage », et que l’on interroge jusqu’au bout la logique d’une appropriation. Car le sujet parlant s’approprie la langue et cette appropriation engendre progressivement une émergence du style, perçu comme une valeur. Dans sa genèse, cette valeur peut être envisagée sous de multiples saisies, de l’acception minimale de l’expressivité dans le discours, à l’idée d’une « forme singulière ». La charnière conceptuelle de l’appropriation de la langue permet de proposer un cadre théorique englobant pour le processus de la stylisation. En articulant une relation à trois membres, langue, discours et style, ce processus nous invite à une mise au point sur le lien privilégié entre style et littérarité.
Le style en sociolinguistique : ce que nous apprend l’acquisition
Authors: Gadet Françoise , Tyne Henry
Published: July 2018

Cet article a pour objectif d’explorer le style à l’oral, en langue première et en langue seconde. Au contraire de l’idée reçue selon laquelle le style est un « en plus » de la communication, qui s’ajoute au message conçu par le locuteur et prêt à être diffusé, nous considérerons que des interactants ne peuvent que recourir à du style, car celui-ci est à tout moment partie prenante de l’acte même de communiquer (Gadet & Tyne 2004), même s’il n’est pas facile de comprendre les processus par lesquels se fait son investissement et son décryptage par les protagonistes de l’échange.
SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF REAL ESTATE: DECISION SUPPORT MODEL AND RECOMMENDATIONS FOR THE PERIOD OF CRISIS
Authors: Trinkūnas Vaidotas , Tupėnaitė Laura , Raslanas Saulius , Siniak Nikolai , Kaklauskas Artūras , Gudauskas Renaldas , Naimavičienė Jurga , Binkytė Arūnė , Prialgauskas Darius , Tunčikienė Živilė
Published: July 2018

The aim of this paper is to propose a decision support model for real estate development and recommendations that could help Lithuania during economic crises. Research, theoretical and practical tasks of sustainable real estate development process were revised, particular examples presented. Different models and methods for analysis of real estate development discussed. Decision support model, encompassing extensive analysis of the global trends, best crisis management practices, assessment of the factual situation and provision of recommendations for different stakeholders under conditions of market instability presented. According to proposed model, the research was performed by studying the expertise of advanced industrial economies and by adapting such to Lithuania while taking into consideration its specific history, development level, needs and traditions. Basing on these findings, accumulated know-how, the results of previous scientific studies and practical insights of the other authors, specific recommendations to avoid crisis and minimize its consequences in macro-, meso- and micro- levels were provided. Recommendations illustrate holistic point of view and assumption that real estate development consists of creativity, research and art.
CRITICAL SUCCESS FACTORS OF A BOTTOM UP URBAN DESIGN PROCESS TO DELIVER SUSTAINABLE URBAN DESIGNS
Authors: Dias Nuwan , Keraminiyage Kaushal , Amaratunga Dilanthi , Curwell Steve
Published: July 2018

A sustainable urban environment caters for peoples’ need. When the needs of the people are addressed, it increases the property values and attracts investors. The current urban design process is top-down, i.e., Designers and planners play the key role and the community has less engagement. There are serious criticisms of this process as it may not touch the “ground” level requirements, and therefore, these projects will fail to create sustainable environments. Accordingly, to overcome the drawbacks of the current top-down process, researches have discussed implementing a bottom-up process in order to deliver sustainable urban designs. Based on this argument this paper discusses what are the positive and negative implications of a bottom up urban design process and what are the critical success factors which can be derived from a bottom-up urban design process in order to deliver sustainable urban environments.
DESIGN FACTORS FOR A SUCCESSFUL SHARED SPACE STREET (SSS) DESIGN
Authors: Jayakody Ranmalsingha R. J. C. , Keraminiyage Kaushal , Alston Mark , Dias Nuwan
Published: July 2018

The concept of Shared Space Street (SSS) has the potential to bring many benefits to a city. Those include promotion of social interaction, the connectivity within the city for both vehicles and pedestrians, active engagement of the people with the space, walkability, vitality and street livability, better economic wealth and alike. These factors work together to improve livability, vitality of street and indirectly bring economic wealth to municipalities through increasing the footfall to shops, enhancing the health and safety of the locality and increasing the property values. Hence, this clearly is a consideration for strategic property management and relevant professionals. This concept has also been criticized for its practical issues when implemented in some parts of the world. Such issues include difficulties faced by aged people and people with disabilities, harassments faced by the cyclists, etc. This paper explores the methods and approaches that can be used to harness potential advantages of the SSS concept and to overcome its practical issues and criticisms through a detail evaluation of design driven use of space in three case studies within United Kingdom. Finally, this paper proposes a set of design factors which can be applied to a SSS design in order to ensure a successful implementation.
ENERGETICALLY AND ECOLOGICALLY SUSTAINABLE, AFFORDABLE AND HEALTHY BUILT ENVIRONMENT
Authors: Lill Irene
Published: July 2018

„Energetically and ecologically sustainable, affordable and healthy built environment” International Journal of Strategic Property Management, 22(4), p. 234-235.
The Hunt for Intermediate-mass Black Holes in the JWST Era
Authors: Cann Jenna M. , Satyapal Shobita , Abel Nicholas P. , Ricci Claudio , Secrest Nathan J. , Blecha Laura , Gliozzi Mario
Published: July 2018

Intermediate-mass black holes (IMBHs), with masses between 100–105
M
⊙, fill the gap between stellar mass black holes and the supermassive black holes that reside in galaxy centers. While IMBHs are crucial to our understanding of black hole seed formation, black holes of less than ≈104
M
⊙ have so far eluded detection by traditional searches. Observations of the infrared coronal lines (CLs) offer us one of the most promising tools to discover IMBHs in galaxies. We have modeled the infrared emission line spectrum that is produced by gas photoionized by an active galactic nucleus (AGN) radiation field and explored, for the first time, the dependence of the infrared CL spectrum on black hole mass over the range of 102–108
M
⊙. We show that as the black hole mass decreases, the hardening of the spectral energy distribution of the accretion disk causes infrared coronal lines with the highest ionization potentials to become prominent, revealing a powerful probe of black hole mass in AGNs. We identify key emission line ratios that are most sensitive to black hole mass in the 1–30 μm range. With the unprecedented sensitivity of the James Webb Space Telescope, a large number of CLs will be detectable for the first time, providing important insight into the existence and properties of IMBHs in the local universe, and potentially revolutionizing our understanding of this class of object.
HDUV: The Hubble Deep UV Legacy Survey*
Authors: Oesch P. A. , Montes M. , Reddy N. , Bouwens R. J. , Illingworth G. D. , Magee D. , Atek H. , Carollo C. M. , Cibinel A. , Franx M. , Holden B. , Labbé I. , Nelson E. J. , Steidel C. C. , van Dokkum P. G. , Morselli L. , Naidu R. P. , Wilkins S.
Published: July 2018

We present the Hubble Deep UV Legacy Survey (HDUV), a 132-orbit imaging program with the WFC3/UVIS camera on board the Hubble Space Telescope (HST). The HDUV extends and builds on the few previous UV imaging surveys in the two GOODS/CANDELS-Deep fields to provide deep images over a total area of ∼100 arcmin2 in the two filters F275W and F336W. Our release also includes all the F275W imaging data taken by the CANDELS survey, which were aligned using a novel approach and combined with the HDUV survey data. By reaching depths of 27.5–28.0 mag (5σ in 0.″4 apertures), these are the deepest high-resolution UV data over such a large area taken to date. Such unique UV imaging enables a wide range of science by the community. A few of the main goals of the HDUV survey are as follows: (1) to provide a complete sample of faint star-forming galaxies at z ∼ 1–3; (2) to constrain the ionizing photon escape fraction from galaxies at z ∼ 2–3; and (3) to track the build-up of bulges and the disappearance of clumpy disk galaxies through reliable internal stellar population properties at sub-kiloparsec resolution out to z ∼ 3. The addition of the HDUV data further enhances the legacy value of the two GOODS/CANDELS-Deep fields, which now include deep 11-band HST imaging, as well as very deep ancillary data from X-ray to radio, enabling unique multi-wavelength studies. Here, we provide an overview of the survey design, describe the data reduction, and highlight a few basic analyses of the images that are available to the community as high-level science products, via the Mikulski Archive for Space Telescopes.
Multibody model of fruit harvesting trucks: comparison with experimental data and rollover analysis
Authors: Melzi Stefano , Sabbioni Edoardo , Vignati Michele , Cutini Maurizio , Brambilla Massimo , Bisaglia Carlo , Cavallo Eugenio
Published: July 2018

Fruit harvesting trucks are used to easy and speed-up the work of agricultural operators. These vehicles are provided with a moving cargo bed, which can be raised up to 3 meters from the ground so that workers are closer to the plants top. Due to factors like height of centre of gravity and operation on soft and irregular soil, these vehicles present several safety issues. This research, carried out inside a project funded by INAIL (Italian National Institute for Insurance against Accidents at Work), analysed the stability of fruit harvesting trucks with particular focus on rollover risk. Experimental tests were carried out to characterise the response of these vehicles. Multibody models of two trucks were then developed and used to determine the rollover angle along a generic direction considering the effect of vehicle configuration and of tire-soil stiffness.
Systematic layout planning of wineries: the case of Rioja region (Spain)
Authors: Gómez Javier , Tascón Alberto , Ayuga Francisco
Published: July 2018

Winery design can be very varied - the consequence of different influences acting at different times of construction. Unlike the designs of other food industries, those of wineries are commonly influenced by aesthetics - sometimes to potentiate wine tourism, and sometimes to safeguard the agricultural landscape of which they are part. However, the functionality of the production space cannot be ignored; the efficient distribution of space in a winery contributes towards both economic and environmental sustainability - two requisites of an ever more demanding and competitive market. The present work gathers qualitative and quantitative information on the design of industrial wineries in Spain’s Rioja winemaking region. Different classes of winery are identified and, using the systematic layout planning method, several type layouts proposed. With the necessary adaptations made to suit particular circumstances, these could be used to guide future winery design in the same and other winemaking areas.
Effects of different architectural solutions on the thermal behaviour in an unconditioned rural building. The case of an Italian winery
Authors: Torreggiani Daniele , Barbaresi Alberto , Dallacasa Francesca , Tassinari Patrizia
Published: July 2018

Referring to the wine sector, in the Mediterranean area, most of the wine farms make use of unconditioned above-ground buildings constructed without a specific attention to temperature control, where indoor temperatures easily show trends in disagreement with correct wine-ageing and conservation. Moreover the suitable temperature ranges can differ from wine to wine, and are considerably different from ideal temperatures for human comfort. This study aimed at testing the effectiveness of different architectural elements in improving the thermal behaviour of unconditioned farm buildings, by means of energy simulations validated on an Italian case-study, comparing the data provided by the simulations with different temperature ranges. Results showed the building thermal performance depends on the chosen intervals, some solution played negative or positive role according to the analysed range and in general roof and wall interventions were more effective than orientation and solar shading, and the combination of more strategies allow to achieve improved results.
Field studies on the soil loss reduction effectiveness of three biodegradable geotextiles
Authors: Tauro Flavia , Cornelini Paolo , Grimaldi Salvatore , Petroselli Andrea
Published: July 2018

Biodegradable geotextiles have the potential to significantly reduce soil loss and ensure slope stability in areas at risk. Here, we focus on three biodegradable textiles (namely, jute net, jute mat, and wool mat), and study their response in terms of soil loss to diverse precipitation events (average rainfall intensity from 3.7 mmh−1 to 70 mmh−1 and duration from 0.5 h to 11.6 h). Experiments are conducted in an ad hoc developed outdoor steep slope (more than 60%). Soil loss reduction from the treatments is found to be very remarkable (up to 98%), thus supporting the potential of natural materials for soil conservation. Also, experimental findings confirm that the maximum intensity of rainfall events plays an important role in driving soil erosion.
Effects of equipments and processing conditions on quality of fresh-cut produce
Authors: Ansah Francisca Aba , Amodio Maria Luisa , De Chiara Maria Lucia Valeria , Colelli Giancarlo
Published: July 2018

A wide range of fresh conveniently packaged, minimally processed products are available on both local and global market in response to consumer demand for ready to eat food. Majority of these products are leafy vegetables, which are highly susceptible to quality changes during minimal processing operations (trimming, cutting, washing, drying, and packaging). Despite the available precautionary measures for maintaining quality attributes of raw and processed material, quality degradation due to minimally processing is unavoidable, also considering that a peeling, trimming and/or cutting operation is always present except than for baby leaves and small fruits. In addition, other operations as washing and drying are known to cause mechanical stresses and loss of sugars and nutrients. However, the extent to which quality is compromised depends on the produce and on the processing conditions, including equipment and their operational settings. This review aims to describe the main processing operations and equipment used, resuming the available information on their impact on final quality of fresh-cut products over storage, in order to identify areas for future research aiming to the enhancement of product quality
Giuseppe Pellizzi Prize 2018
Authors: Fiala Marco
Published: July 2018

Not available
A rapid and simple procedure for monitoring valproic acid by gas chromatography
Authors: Mostafa Mohamed Said , Elshafie Hazem Salaheldin , Ghaleb Sherein
Published: July 2018

Valproic acid (VPA), a widely used antiepileptic drug, has a narrow therapeutic range of 50-100 μg/mL and shows large individual variability. It is very important to monitor the trough VPA concentration using a reliable method. The aim of this study was to develop and validate a rapid gas chromatographic (GC) technique for VPA quantification in human plasma and to compare it with the traditional immunoassay method. VPA extraction from human serum was efficient by dichloromethane and hydrochloric acid using octanoic acid as an internal standard. GC analysis was performed using a gas-chromatograph equipped with a flame ionization detector (GC/FID). VPA detection and quantification were accomplished isothermally at 135°C on a Gs-BP 100% dimethylpolysiloxane capillary column (10 m×0.53 mm ID, 2.65 μm film thickness, Supelco, Bellefonte, PA). Injection port and detector temperature were 280°C. Retention times of VPA and internal standard were 1.83 min and 2.33 min, respectively. The calibration curve was linear over the concentration range of 5-320 μg/mL, with a lower limit of detection of 1.25 μg/mL. The internal and inter-day precision was less than 5.3% and 6.1%, respectively, and the accuracy was below 2.8%. VPA recovery was 94.6%. A quick and accurate method for VPA determination in human plasma was developed and validated. It resulted sufficiently selective and sensitive.
Acetaldehyde and salsolinol in ethanol’s two-step mechanism of action: An overview
Authors: Cavallaro Angela , Lavanco Gianluca , Giammanco Marco , Cannizzaro Emanuele
Published: July 2018

In the last years, numerous studies have supported the idea that, at least in part, motivational and neuropharmacological effects of ethanol are mediated by its first brain-derived metabolite, acetaldehyde, and its bioderivate salsolinol. This review aims at gathering and shaping as a whole the evidence on their role in the mechanism of action of ethanol. Acetaldehyde and salsolinol interact with the reward brain system and are involved as primum movens of motivational and addictive behaviour that can be especially relevant to ethanol use disorders. Understanding the neurobiology of acetaldehyde and salsolinol holds promising potential for the development of novel pharmacological approaches for reducing ethanol abuse.
Prevalence of vitamin D level in the serum of patients living in Erbil city, Iraq, referred to private clinical laboratory and effect of age and sex on it
Authors: Abdulrahman Rabar M. , Abdul Rahman Balen Muhsin
Published: July 2018

This retrospective study aimed to determine the levels of 25- hydroxyvitamin D [25-(OH) D] in the individuals that have been referred to two laboratories (Bio Lab and King Lab) and to around 50 private side laboratories that use both Bio Lab and King Lab as a referral lab for their tests, in Erbil city, Iraq. Then show the range of deficiency and its relation with sunlight exposure, sex and age. Out of the total number of cases (N=10823), large percentage (nearly 78%) referred to both clinical laboratory based in Erbil city were found to have a deficiency in vitamin D levels, which means they had 25-(OH) D levels lower than 20 μg/L. This study found the percentage of vitamin D level in the serum of groups insufficient, deficient, adequate, optimal; intoxication were 52.8, 24.1, 11, 12 and 0.2% respectively. When the records have been compared according to gender, the results suggested that there was no difference between male and female within the study population (P>0.05), while there was difference in the grouped ages (P<0.05). Our results indicate that although Erbil is located in a Mediterranean country, people living there should periodically check their 25-(OH) D levels, in order to get appropriate supplements of vitamin D, which eventually prevents secondary chronic disease due to vitamin D deficiency.
Prevalence rate of Klebsiella pneumoniae in the intensive care unit: epidemiology and molecular characteristics
Authors: Abdallah Soad A. , Zaki Sanaa S. , Hafez Safa S. , Moustafa Elham E.
Published: July 2018

Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase producing bacteria are defined as a group of Gramnegative bacilli that are highly resistant to drugs. The resistance of pathogens of the Enterobacteriaceae family to β-lactam antibiotics such as carbapenems is considered a major threat in the medical field. The main aim of the current study was to explore and confirm the occurrence of carbapenemase producing K. pneumoniae in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) in different hospital environment sample sites of two Egyptian hospitals in Cairo. Isolates were collected and the screening criteria of carbapenemase producing bacteria was followed by the investigators in order to record the antimicrobial resistance patterns of all isolates in addition to the molecular identification using the 16S rDNA. This study determined the sites responsible for the spreading of carbapenem-resistant K. pneumoniae including suction tubes, ventilator tubes, instrument tables and beds. All K. pneumoniae isolates collected from the ICU of both hospitals were resistant to oxacillin, meropenem and ceftazidime. Moreover, 16S rDNA gene sequence was used to study bacterial phylogeny and taxonomy for all K. pneumoniae isolates; the accession number of all isolates is reported. We concluded that infection control department policies in each hospital should be reinforced to avoid the escalation of K. pneumoniae as nosocomial infections in hospitals. This study should be repeated in other hospitals (especially the public hospitals) to assess the level of the problem.
Chemical composition and insecticidal activity Mentha piperita L. essential oil against the cowpea seed beetle Callosobruchus maculatus F. (Coleoptera: Bruchidae)
Authors: Saeidi K. , Mirfakhraie S.
Published: July 2018

Antifeedant activity of plant extract from Mentha piperita was tested against the cowpea seed beetle, Callosobruchus maculatus. Dry ground plant was subjected to hydrodistillation using a Clevenger-type apparatus. The resulting oil contained menthone (28.9%), menthol (28.5%), and pulegone (6.9%) as the major compounds. LC50 of M. piperita essential oil was 25.70 μL/L air and mortality increased as the doses of essential oil increased. LT50 values were 3.29, 2.74 and 1.89 h at 100, 200 and 500 μL/L air, respectively. The results of persistence test of oil revealed that essential oil of M. piperita on C. maculatus adults was 5.44 days. It was clear from the repellency index that M. piperita essential oil has strong repellency at 90, 180 and 360 μL/L air concentration. The results showed that M. piperita essential oil has significantly affected the relative growth rate, relative consumption rate and feeding deterrence index of C. maculatus adults and it was concentration-dependent. The efficiency of conversion of ingested food has decreased while the concentrations are not statistically different at 5% level compared to the control group. It seems that essential oil can be used as low-risk insecticides.
On a new species of Anagrus (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae) A note on the availability of the name Anagrus nepetellae Viggiani & Nugnes
Authors: Viggiani G. , Nugnes F.
Published: July 2018

The depository institutions of the type material of Anagrus nepetellae Viggiani and Nugnes sp. n. are indicated.
Nilgirianthus ciliatus mediated environment friendly extracellular synthesis of AgNps to exact its potential against Dengue vector, Aedes aegypti and Staphylococcus aureus
Authors: Meenambigai K. , Kokila R. , Naresh Kumar A.
Published: July 2018

Aedes aegypti, the dengue vector, is a menace continuing since 1780; it is due to development of resistant to synthetic insecticides and Staphylococcus aureus, the common microbial pathogen agent of food poisoning, skin infections and respiratory infections have developed multidrug resistant, which forced us to focus on novel agent for which the dengue vector and bacterial pathogen have not practiced to develop resistant and which cannot detoxify it using its usual enzyme activity as it did earlier. Silver nanoparticles a challenging insecticidal agents for the toxic degrading enzymes of both the insect and microbe was the target of our present study to excavate the potential in killing immature of dengue vector and bacterial pathogen. Green protocolled nanoparticles were successfully synthesized using leaf extract of Nilgirianthus ciliatus which act as reducing as well as capping agents. The UVvis spectra observed at 441nm confirmed the presence of silver nanoparticles. XRD and FT-IR confirmed the crystalline nature and organic capping around the silver nanoparticles respectively. SEM and DLS showed the average size at 117 nm and the particle dispersion was at -17.2mV zeta potential.
Percorso assistenziale e scelte terapeutiche nella Sclerosi Laterale Amiotrofica (SLA) / Care pathway and therapeutics choices for Amyiotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS)
Authors: Sabatelli Mario
Published: July 2018

La Sclerosi laterale amiotrofica (SLA) è una malattia devastante caratterizzata da una paralisi progressiva dei muscoli scheletrici compresi quelli degli arti, della deglutizione, della fonazione e della respirazione. La morte si verifica entro 3-5 anni nella gran parte dei casi e in un contesto di grande sofferenza a causa dei sintomi della insufficienza respiratoria. La introduzione di tecnologie innovative per supportare la funzione respiratoria con la ventilazione meccanica ha cambiato notevolmente l’approccio assistenziale alle persone con SLA. Il presente contributo intende approfondire, sulla base dell’esperienza maturata presso il Centro Clinico NeMOFondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli - IRCCS, alcuni aspetti problematici nel percorso assistenziale e delle relative scelte terapeutiche per i pazienti affetti da SLA. ---------- Amyiotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) is a devastating disease characterized by progressive muscular weakness, leading to limb palsy, difficulties in swallowing, speaking and breathing. Death occurs within 3-5 years in most patients in the context of significant suffering due to symptoms of respiratory failure. The availability of novel technology to support respiratory function by mechanical ventilation has profoundly changed the management of people with ALS. The present article addresses some critical aspects of both care pathway and the related therapeutics choices for patients with ALS on the basis of the experience of the Centro Clinico NeMO-Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli - IRCCS.
Use of slow sand filtration technique to improve wastewater effluent for crop irrigation
Authors: Joel Chebor , Mwamburi Lizzy A. , Kiprop Ezekiel K.
Published: July 2018

Water scarcity has resulted to urban residence to resort to using untreated wastewater to irrigate their crops. This practice raises concerns on health of the farmers and consumers of the crops. The study aimed at determining whether the effluent from Boundary Sewage Treatment Plant was up to national and international standards recommended for irrigation, if not they were further subjected to slow sand filtration of different sand sizes (0.1 and 0.05 mm) to polish the effluent. Pour plate method was used to determine total coliforms (TC), Biological oxygen demand (BOD) technique for BOD, chemical oxygen demand (COD) digestion for COD, gravimetric method for total dissolved solids (TDS) and total suspended solids (TSS). One sample t-test during dry season showed that BOD, COD, TC and TSS in the effluent were significantly higher (P<0.05) than the standards for irrigation. During wet season BOD, COD, TDS and pH were significantly not higher (P>0.05) than the compared standards for the wastewater to be used for crop irrigation. The filters improved the effluent from the treatment plant to the standards for irrigation. The sequential treatment of the raw wastewater by the Boundary Sewage Treatment Plant and the slow sand filtration technique made the wastewater to achieve the standards it can be utilized for crop irrigation.
Construction of prcK and prcR Mutant Strains of Lactobacillus paracasei HD1.7 and the Impact on the Production of Paracin 1.7
Authors: Ge Jingping , Ji Xiaolei , You Tian , Sun Yanyang , Ping Wenxiang
Published: July 2018

Gene knockouts of prcK, prcR and both together were constructed in L. paracasei HD1.7. The antimicrobial activities of the prcK, prcR and prcKprcR mutant strains against B. subtilis were 23.6%, 21.9% and 36.6% lower than that of the parental strain, respectively, indicating that these genes affect production of bacteriocin antimicrobial peptides. qRT-PCR assays showed that the relative transcription levels of prcK and prcR mRNA in the DK and DR strains were 0.36 and 0.33 times of that in parental bacteria, respectively. Our data suggest that prcK and prcR are quorum sensing related genes that influence production of the bacteriocin Paracin 1.7. This research provides the basis for exploring the functions of these genes in the production of Paracin 1.7 and more generally for the exploration of the biological preservatives instead of chemical preservatives.
Association of integrons with multidrug-resistant isolates among phylogenic groups of uropathogenic Escherichia coli
Authors: Yekani Mina , Memar Mohammad Yousef , Baghi Hossein Bannazadeh , Sefidan Fatemeh Yeganeh , Alizadeh Naser , Ghotaslou Reza
Published: July 2018

The aims of this study were to investigate the antibiotics susceptibility, multidrug- resistant (MDR) frequency and the association of integrons with MDR among phylogenic groups of uropathogenic E. coli (UPEC). In total, 176 non-duplicated UPEC isolates were collected from urinary tract infections (UTIs) specimens. The disk diffusion method was performed for determination of antibiotic susceptibility patterns. Phylogenetic grouping and the presence of integron-associated genes (int) were detected by the PCR technique. A high frequency of resistance was observed to cotrimoxazole (96.9%), ampicillin (85%), trimethoprim (80.1%) and cefazolin (79.6%); and 140 isolates (79.5%) were MDR. Carbapenems and fosfomycin were the most effective antibiotics. The majority of isolates (60.8%) belonged to the phylogenic group B2. Integrons were detected in 135 (76.7%) of isolates and, class I was the most common (63.6%) class. MDR isolates were found to be significantly associated with class І integrons. These isolates were found to be closely associated with the phylogenic group D (82%), however, the presence of class І integrons was higher among MDR isolates of the phylogroup B1. This pattern is believed to be due to other mechanisms such as the overexpression of the efflux pumps. Our findings show a significant correlation between MDR and the presence of class І integron. We conclude that class 1 integron plays an important role in the development of MDR UPEC, especially among the phylogroup B1.
Vertebral artery dissection stroke in evolution presented with postural headache as initial manifestation
Authors: Chen Yen-Chung , Ou Yang-Hao , Chang Ming-Che , Chen Wei-Liang , Lin Chih-Ming
Published: July 2018

In young adult, the most common etiology of acute ischemic brain infarction are arterial dissections and cardiogenic embolic stroke. Vertebral artery dissection without preceding trauma history is quite rare in young ischemic stroke patients. Postural headache is even more atypical presentation for vertebral artery dissection. It is often misdiagnosed as spontaneous intracranial hypotension. We described a 37-year-old male suffering from acute onset postural headache with stroke in evolution during hospitalization. The initial brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) mislead to diagnosis of ischemic lesion. Nevertheless, with the aid of single photon emission computed tomography, we are confident the patient was afflicted with ischemic/hemorrhagic lesion, instead of neoplasm or demyelinating diseases. Lateral medullary syndrome was confirmed on the repeated brain MRI. His general condition improved with steady gait and clear articulation without easychoking after adequate hydration and rehabilitation training with aspirin as secondary prevention. Cranial artery dissections is a crucial differential diagnosis while thunderclap headache happens even related to postural change without obvious neurological deficit in the beginning presentations.
Shoulder adhesive capsulitis, treatment with oxygen ozone: Technique and results
Authors: Peretti Giulio
Published: July 2018

Adhesive capsulitis of the shoulder, also known as frozen shoulder, is a condition characterized by a reduction in the arc of active and passive motion of the joint in the presence of essentially normal radiographic tests, except for the possible finding of osteopenia or calcific tendinitis. It is a condition with an uncertain etiology, characterized by the spontaneous onset of pain. From March 2015 to March 2016, 10 patients with adhesive capsulitis were treated with a cycle of intra-articular and subcutaneous infiltrations. Of these, 6 patients were female, of 49.3 average age (min 40 - max 59) and 4 male, and 4 were male, of 56.7 average age (min 48 - max 65); the average age of all participants was 52.3 (min 40 - max 65). The dominant limb was affected in seven cases, while in three, the non-dominant limb was affected. Oxygen-ozone treatment in adhesive capsulitis proved to be extremely effective; the absence of side effects has proven the safety of its use. A comparison with other types of treatment demonstrates a similar, and perhaps greater efficacy with no risks and side effects such as are present in the others. Further studies are necessary to confirm the validity of this technique.
Oxygen-ozone therapy in prevention and rehabilitation of myocardium infarct
Authors: Pandolfi Sergio , Zammitti Angelo , Franzini Marianno , Simonetti Vincenzo , Liboni William , Valdenassi Luigi , Molinari Filippo
Published: July 2018

In 1991, Prof. Lettieri (Naples, Federico II University) using Great Ozonated Blood Auto Infusion (GAE) treated patients having acute myocardium infarct, he had good results concerning pain and prognosis. Oxygen-ozone therapy is protective for ischemic cardiopathy. In 1996, oxygen-ozone therapy was used in relapse myocardium infarct prevention, showing an important factor against infarct relapse. Ozone has an important anti-inflammatory and rheological action, even if it is a strong oxidant. Paradoxically ozone activates cells antioxidant system, activates cells enzymatic function against free radicals and increases DNA antioxidant enzyme transcription. Ozone also activates redoxine system, reduce pro inflammatory cytokines II 1β, TNFX, modulate NFKB system, reduce platelet aggregation and stimulate different growth factor release. Because of the above skills, oxygen-ozone therapy helps to prevent ischemic cardiopathy and post infarcted rehabilitation. A mixture of ozone and oxygen administration has been evaluated on myocardium damaged tissues after an experimental ischemic event and myocardium reperfusion. Infarct damage can be counteract using pre- treatment with oxygen-ozone gaseous mixture. All our cardiopath patients treated with GAE have had an emo dynamic benefit, left ventricle ejection fraction improvement. Patients also improved aritmologic aspect with atrial fibrillation disappearance, enhance or disappearance of different comorbidity that often cardiopath/ischemic patients suffer.
Comparison of Electrocautery and Plasmablade on Ischemia and Seroma Formation after Modified Radical Mastectomy for Locally Advanced Breast Cancer
Authors: Alptekin Husnu , Yılmaz Huseyin , Ozturk Bahadir , Ece Ilhan , Kafali Mehmet , Acar Fahrettin
Published: July 2018

The aim of this study was to compare postoperative drainage volumes and IMA levels in patients who underwent modified radical mastectomy (MRM) with using PlasmaBlade (PB) or electrocautery (EC). A total of 36 patients who underwent MRM with PB or EC in our clinic between August 2012 to February 2013 were enrolled. Number of removed and positive lymph nodes, duration of drainage and total drainage volume was recorded. Seroma formation after drain removal and number of aspirations were also recorded. Serum ischemia modified albümine (IMA) levels were analysed before surgery, 1 h and 24 h after surgery. In total, 36 patients were treated with MRM in the study period. Of the 36 patients, 16 underwent MRM with PB, and 20 underwent MRM with EC. The patients demographics were similar in both groups. The mean drainage volume and seroma formation were significantly higher in the PB group when compared with EC group (p < 0.05). Number of aspirations due to the seroma were also high in PB group. The total aspiration volume of seroma was not different in both groups. IMA levels 24 h after surgery in the PB group was significantly higher than EC group. There was no statistical significance between the groups for IMA levels at 1st hour. PB is a monopolar energy device and is associated with increased levels of ischemia. This situation resulted with an increased volume of total axillary drainage and elevated risk of seroma formation.