bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Prediction nomogram for antepartum hemorrhage in placenta previa women
Authors: Fan Dazhi , Hu Pengzhen , Rao Jiaming , Lin Dongxin , Yang Jie , Liu Zhengping , Guo Xiaoling
Published: January 2025

Background:

Placenta previa with antepartum hemorrhage (APH) is common and closely related to maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality. It is of the utmost importance to prepare for the possibility of APH using perinatal factors prior to delivery.

Objective:

To develop and validate a nomogram predicting APH in women with placenta previa based on the perinatal factors.

Design:

This was a retrospective and prospective cohort study of pregnant women with placenta previa.

Methods:

The model was developed in the retrospective and validated in the prospective cohort study. Multivariate logistic regression was applied to discover independent variables and develop a nomogram to predict the possibility of APH. An Excel form computer interface was constructed to use the model.

Results:

There are 1601 and 693 participants in the retrospective and prospective cohort study. Maternal age (odds ratio 0.950, 95% confidence interval 0.918–0.984), married (0.533, 0.309–0.920), parity (1.240, 1.024–1.502), threatened abortion (5.059, 3.648–7.014), and complete placenta previa (1.833, 95% CI 1.469–2.289) were independent variables for APH in placenta previa women. The area under the curve and concordance index were 0.828 and 0.676, respectively. The model was a good fit by the Hosmer–Lemeshow test ( p = 0.352). The prospective validation proved the reliability of the prediction nomogram. The Excel form computer interface was practical.

Conclusion:

A nomogram based on perinatal factors was developed and validated to predict APH in women with placenta previa. The reliable tool may thereafter offer important assistance for decision-making processes.
Initial therapy in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension and cardiovascular comorbidities
Authors: Boucly Athénaïs , Montani David , Bauer Fabrice , Artaud-Macari Elise , Bergot Emmanuel , Boissin Clément , Chaouat Ari , Cottin Vincent , Dauphin Claire , Degano Bruno , De Groote Pascal , du Roure Camille , Favrolt Nicolas , Horeau-Langlard Delphine , Jaïs Xavier , Jevnikar Mitja , Lacoste-Palasset Thomas , Picard François , Prévôt Grégoire , Reynaud-Gaubert Martine , Roche Anne , Turquier Ségolène , Humbert Marc , Sitbon Olivier , Savale Laurent
Published: January 2025

Background

European guidelines recommend initial monotherapy in PAH patients with cardiovascular (CV) comorbidities based on the limited of evidence for combination therapy in this growing population.

Methods

A retrospective analysis was conducted on incident PAH patients enrolled in the French Pulmonary Hypertension Registry between 2009 and 2020. Propensity score matching was used to investigate initial dual oral combination therapyversusoral monotherapy in patients with at least one CV comorbidity (i.e., hypertension, obesity, diabetes and coronary artery disease).

Results

Of the 1784 patients identified, 1088 had ≥1 CV comorbidity, including 20% with ≥3 comorbidities. In the propensity score matched population (N=708), the majority of patients were female, with idiopathic/heritable/drug-induced PAH, at intermediate 1-year mortality risk. At first follow-up, initial dual therapy led to larger improvements in symptoms, exercise capacity, hemodynamics, and risk status than initial monotherapy, with no differences in long-term survival. Treatment discontinuations were observed in 23% of patients initiated on dual therapy and 24% of those initiated on monotherapy.

Conclusions

Initial dual oral combination therapy may be beneficial and well tolerated in most PAH patients with CV comorbidities.
Protein biomarkers of interstitial lung abnormalities in relatives of patients with pulmonary fibrosis
Authors: Rose Jonathan A. , Steele Mark P. , Kosak Lopez Esteban J. , Axelsson Gisli Thor , Galecio Chao Andrea G. , Waich Alan , Regan Katie , Gulati Swati , Maeda Anthony H. , Sultana Sharmin , Cutting Claire , Tukpah Ann-Marcia C. , Synn Andrew J. , Rice Mary B. , Goldberg Hilary J. , Lee Joyce S. , Lynch David A. , Putman Rachel K. , Hatabu Hiroto , Raby Benjamin A. , Schwartz David A. , Rosas Ivan O. , Hunninghake Gary M.
Published: January 2025

Rationale

First-degree relatives of patients with pulmonary fibrosis (relatives) are at high risk for interstitial lung abnormalities (ILA), highlighting the need for biomarkers for risk prediction. We aimed to identify blood proteins associated with and predictive of ILA among relatives of patients with pulmonary fibrosis.

Methods

Relatives enrolled in two independent cohorts had protein levels measured using an aptamer-based proteomic platform. ILA was assessed with CT scans per Fleischner Society recommendations. Protein associations with ILA were assessed using regression, and significant proteins were used with clinical variables to detect ILA.

Results

Of 237 relatives from two independent cohorts, 26% had ILA. Seven proteins were associated with ILA in the discovery cohort after FDR-adjustment, and all remained significant after adjusting for age, gender, and smoking status. Six of seven were significant in the validation cohort including GDF15, SFTPD, and SFTPB. In a multivariable model, six proteins combined with basic demographics in the discovery cohort had AUC=0.92 (0.88 in validation cohort). LASSO modelling identified three proteins and age as predictors with an AUC=0.89. When applied to the combined cohorts, this simple model would reduce the need for CT imaging in one of every three relatives screened.

Conclusion

Peripheral blood proteins are associated with ILA in relatives of patients with pulmonary fibrosis and can be used to detect ILA. Our findings demonstrate the potential utility of blood biomarkers in this high-risk group and suggests molecular targets for future investigation.
Leadless pacemaker implantation in a patient with congenital azygos continuation of the inferior vena cava
Authors: Guo Lanyan , Zhang Minxia , Zhao Ying , Yan Qun , Feng Xuyang , Tao Ling
Published: January 2025

In case of venous route abnormality during a leadless pacemaker (LP) implantation, it can be challenging if we still performed via the predesigned femoral vein. We report a patient with normal preoperative laboratory and image results, but azygos continuation of the inferior vena cava (IVC) was suspected during the procedure. Then, we decided to change the implantation strategy, the LP implantation was successfully performed via right jugular vein instead of the classical IVC route. Finally, venous computed tomography (CT) angiography was conducted to testify such venous developmental abnormality.

Clinical trial number

Not applicable
The incidence of outpatient care within 24 months from SARS-CoV-2 infection in the general population: a multicenter population-based cohort study
Authors: Banchelli Federico , Gagliotti Carlo , De Paoli Angela , Buttazzi Rossella , Narne Elena , Ricchizzi Enrico , Pierobon Silvia , Fedeli Ugo , Pitter Gisella , Fabbri Elisa , Tonon Michele , Gentilotti Elisa , Rolli Maurizia , Tacconelli Evelina , Moro Maria Luisa , Russo Francesca , Berti Elena
Published: January 2025

Background

The long-term effects of COVID-19, which can vary significantly in type and timing, are considered relevant and impacting on the well-being of individuals. The present study aims to assess the incidence of outpatient care in the post-acute phase of SARS-CoV-2 infection in two Italian regions.

Methods

The study has a multicentre, population-based, pre-post, repeated measures design to compare the incidence rate of access to outpatient visits and diagnostics before and after SARS-CoV-2 infection, considering a follow-up of 24 months. The study made use of previously recorded large-scale healthcare data available in the administrative databases of the Emilia-Romagna (E-R) and Veneto regions. Analyses were carried out separately in the two regions and results were pooled using random effects meta-analysis.

Results

There were 27,140 subjects in E-R and 22,876 in Veneto who were included in the analysis. The pooled outputs showed an increase in rates of outpatient visits and diagnostics starting from month 2 after SARS-CoV-2 infection (IRR = 1.68, 95% CI = 1.56–1.81) with a peak at month 4 (IRR = 2.05, 95% CI = 1.95–2.15); the increase continued with reduced intensity up to month 15. Stratified analysis revealed that subjects with severe acute COVID-19 had a higher increase in rates (up to IRR = 3.96, 95% CI = 2.89–5.44), as well as patients with no comorbidities (up to IRR = 2.71, 95% CI = 2.60–2.83).

Conclusion

Long-term effects of COVID-19 include an increase in the healthcare burden especially in the first months after the acute infection. The increased demand for resources can last up to two years after infection in particular subgroups of patients such as subjects admitted to hospital during the acute phase due to the severe presentation of the disease.
Distinct Circle of Willis anatomical configurations in healthy preterm born adults: a 3D time-of-flight magnetic resonance angiography study
Authors: Greggio Julien , Malamateniou Christina , Baruteau Kelly Pegoretti , Reyes-Aldasoro Constantino Carlos , Huckstep Odaro J. , Francis Jane M. , Williamson Wilby , Leeson Paul , Lewandowski Adam J. , Lapidaire Winok
Published: January 2025

Background

Preterm birth (< 37 weeks’ gestation) alters cerebrovascular development due to the premature transition from a foetal to postnatal circulatory system, with potential implications for future cerebrovascular health. This study aims to explore potential differences in the Circle of Willis (CoW), a key arterial ring that perfuses the brain, of healthy adults born preterm.

Methods

A total of 255 participants (108 preterm, 147 full-term) were included in the analysis. High-resolution three-dimensional Time-of-Flight Magnetic Resonance Angiography (3D TOF MRA) datasets were analysed, measuring vessel diameters and classifying segments into different groups of CoW anatomical variations. Statistical comparisons assessed the prevalence of each variant group between preterm and full-term populations, as well as the relationship between CoW variability, sex, and degree of prematurity.

Results

We identified 164 participants with variant CoW configurations. Unilateral segment hypoplasia (30%) and unilateral segment absence (29%) were the most common variations, with over 50% related to the posterior communicating artery (PComA). However, the incidence of absent segments was lower in preterm adults, who were more likely to exhibit variants associated with complete CoW configurations compared to full-term adults (p = 0.025). Preterm males had a higher probability of a group 1 variant (circles with one or more hypoplastic segments only) than the full-term group (p = 0.024). In contrast, preterm females showed higher odds of a group 4a variant (circles with one or more accessory segments, without any absent segments) in comparison to their full-term counterparts (p = 0.020).

Conclusions

Preterm birth is linked to a distinct vascular phenotype of CoW in adults born preterm, with a higher likelihood of a CoW configuration with hypoplastic segments but a lower likelihood of absent segments. Future work should focus on larger prospective studies and explore the implications of these findings for normal development and cerebrovascular disease. Furthermore, TOF MRA might be a useful adjunct in the neurovascular assessment of preterm-born individuals.
Staging of esophageal cancer using PET/MRI: a systematic review with head-to-head comparison
Authors: Mohebbi Alisa , Mohammadzadeh Saeed , Moradi Zahra , Mohammadi Afshin , Poustchi Hossein , Tavangar Seyed Mohammad
Published: January 2025

Purpose

To evaluate the staging performance of positron emission tomography/magnetic resonance imaging (PET/MRI) for confirmed esophageal cancer based on the TNM classification system as well as compare it to other alternative modalities (e.g., endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS), computed tomography (CT), MRI, and PET/CT) in a full head-to-head manner.

Methods

Protocol was pre-registered a priori at (http://osf.io/6qj5m/). We searched PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and Cochrane Library for studies until September 10, 2024. The risk of bias was assessed using Modified Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies (QUADAS-2) and Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies–Comparative (QUADAS-C). The classification performance of PET/MRI in T, N, and M staging of esophageal cancer and resectability status were evaluated and compared to other relative modalities. Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluations (GRADE) was used for certainty evaluation.

Results

Nine studies were included with 245 esophageal cancer patients. For T, N, and M staging, PET/MRI showed 9.1%, 2.0%, and 10.7% upstaging than the histopathological evaluation while these numbers were 19.4%, 12.4%, and 5.3% for downstaging. For direct comparison with PET/CT, PET/MRI showed 0.7% and 5.6% less downstaging and upstaging for N staging and 2.5% and 4.0% for M staging. As for predicting resectability status, pre-ADCmean and post-ADCmean were promising, unlike other parameters (i.e., ΔADCmean, pre-SUVmax, post-SUVmax, and ΔSUVmax).

Conclusion

With protocol adjustments, PET/MRI might be utilized in the future for preoperative staging of esophageal cancer.

Clinical trial number

N/A.
Reduced fetal movements and COVID-19 infection: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Gentili Amira , Sterpu Irene , Tingström Joanna , Wiberg-Itzel Eva
Published: January 2025

Background

Fetal movements are an important indicator of fetal well-being; therefore, reduced fetal movements (RFMs) can indicate fetal compromise. RFM is associated with fetal growth restriction (FGR) and intrauterine fetal death (IUFD). Studies have implied that COVID-19 infection increases the risk of adverse fetal outcomes, such as preterm birth and IUFD. It is unclear how COVID-19 infection may aggravate these fetal outcomes among women presenting with RFM.

The aims of the study were to (1) determine whether adverse fetal outcomes in women with RFM increased in 2020 compared to 2019, the year before the pandemic, and (2) evaluate whether maternal COVID-19 infection during pregnancy was a risk factor for adverse fetal outcomes in comparison to previously established risk factors among women seeking care for RFM.

Methods

All women who sought care due to RFM and were delivered at Soder Hospital from 2019 to 2020 were included. Fetal composite outcomes were constructed and compared between women with RFM and COVID-19 and women with RFM but without COVID-19.

Results

COVID-19 infection did not increase the risk of adverse fetal outcomes in women who sought care for RFM. A twofold risk for adverse fetal outcomes was found among all primiparous women vs. multiparous women with RFM (98/788 [12.4%] vs 37/644 [9.8%], AOR = 2.5, 95% CI (1.6–3.7).

Conclusion

The proportion of adverse composite outcomes among women with RFM during the first year of the pandemic did not increase compared to the year before. Composite outcomes were marginally higher in the COVID-19-positive group compared to the COVID-19-negative group, but it was not statistically significant.
Can an organizationally anchored, multilevel intervention improve perceived stress and psychosocial factors in the workplace? A pre-post study assessing effectiveness and implementation
Authors: Dalgaard Vita Ligaya , Kirkegaard Tanja , Wåhlin-Jacobsen Christian Dyrlund , Aust Birgit , Jaspers Sofie , Jønsson Thomas Faurholt , Winding Trine Nøhr
Published: January 2025

Background

Organizational multilevel interventions have been called for as a means to improve psychosocial working conditions, reduce stress, and enhance wellbeing in organizations. However, these types of interventions are highly complex to implement and evaluate, and they remain scarce in the literature. In this study, we present the evaluation of a multilevel intervention conducted in a municipality setting.

Methods

The intervention was based on a train-the-trainer principle and participatory risk assessment workshops on all organizational levels. Action plans were subsequently developed at the team level, and identified risks, which could not be addressed at the team level, were reported to the management for further action planning or escalation to the next management level. Using a pre-post study design, we evaluated changes in proximal outcomes related to the psychosocial working environment, and distal outcomes related to stress and job satisfaction. Changes over time in outcome measures were analyzed using linear mixed models. A quantitative process evaluation was used to examine the degree of implementation of the intervention.

Results

Small improvements over time were observed with regard to quantitative demands, overall perception of the psychosocial work environment, job satisfaction, and the psychosocial safety climate. We also observed an increase in empowering leadership. Positive tendencies were also found for predicatability at work, possibilities for solving work tasks and support from closest manager. The effect sizes were small in all cases. No improvements in perceived stress or stress symptoms were found. The study revealed several practical and methodological challenges in conducting and implementing this type of multilevel intervention in a municipal setting.

Conclusions

Overall, our study suggests that the intervention was associated with small positive changes in certain aspects of the working environment but no improvements were observed in stress outcomes. The study highlights a number of challenges in relation to implementing this type of multilevel intervention in a municipal setting.

Trial Registration

The study was prospectively registered at ISRCTN84940247 on April 23, 2019.
Multiomics unravels the complexity of male obesity: a prospective observational study
Authors: Papadakis Georgios E. , Favre Lucie , Zouaghi Yassine , Vionnet Nathalie , Niederländer Nicolas J. , Adamo Michela , Acierno James S. , Berdous Dassine , Boizot Alexia , Meylan Jenny , Ivanisevic Julijana , Paccou Emmanuelle , Gallart-Ayala Hector , Reyns Tim , Van Caeneghem Elise , Lapauw Bruno , Pasquier Jérôme , Aleman Yasser , Mantziari Styliani , Salamin Olivier , Nicoli Raul , Kuuranne Tiia , Fiers Tom , Hagmann Patric , Santoni Federico , Messina Andrea , Pitteloud Nelly
Published: January 2025

Background

Obesity is associated with varying degrees of metabolic dysfunction. In this study, we aimed to discover markers of the severity of metabolic impairment in men with obesity via a multiomics approach.

Methods

Thirty-two morbidly men with obesity who were candidates for Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) surgery were prospectively followed. Nine healthy adults served as controls. Deep phenotyping, including targeted metabolomics, transcriptomics, and brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), was performed.

Results

Testosterone emerged as a key contributor to phenotypic variability via principal component analysis and was therefore used to further categorize obese patients as having or not having hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (HH). Despite having comparable body mass indices, obese individuals with HH presented with worse metabolic defects than obese individuals without HH, including higher insulin resistance, as well as MRI signs of hypothalamic inflammation and a specific blood transcriptomics signature. The upregulated genes were involved mainly in inflammation, mitochondrial function, and protein translation. Integration of gene expression and clinical data revealed high FGF21 and low cortisol levels as the top markers correlated with the transcriptomic signature of metabolic risk. Following RYGB-induced substantial weight loss, testosterone levels markedly increased in both obese individuals with and without HH, challenging the current definition of hypogonadism. A longitudinal study in a subset of men with obesity following bariatric surgery revealed a unique FGF21 trajectory with a sharp peak at one month post-RYGB that correlated with metabolic and reproductive improvements.

Conclusions

Combining clinical, biochemical, and molecular markers allows adequate stratification of metabolic risk in men with obesity and provides novel tools for personalized care.
Lewy body diseases and the gut
Authors: Sampson Timothy R. , Tansey Malú Gámez , West Andrew B. , Liddle Rodger A.
Published: January 2025

Gastrointestinal (GI) involvement in Lewy body diseases (LBDs) has been observed since the initial descriptions of patients by James Parkinson. Recent experimental and human observational studies raise the possibility that pathogenic alpha-synuclein (⍺-syn) might develop in the GI tract and subsequently spread to susceptible brain regions. The cellular and mechanistic origins of ⍺-syn propagation in disease are under intense investigation. Experimental LBD models have implicated important contributions from the intrinsic gut microbiome, the intestinal immune system, and environmental toxicants, acting as triggers and modifiers to GI pathologies. Here, we review the primary clinical observations that link GI dysfunctions to LBDs. We first provide an overview of GI anatomy and the cellular repertoire relevant for disease, with a focus on luminal-sensing cells of the intestinal epithelium including enteroendocrine cells that express ⍺-syn and make direct contact with nerves. We describe interactions within the GI tract with resident microbes and exogenous toxicants, and how these may directly contribute to ⍺-syn pathology along with related metabolic and immunological responses. Finally, critical knowledge gaps in the field are highlighted, focusing on pivotal questions that remain some 200 years after the first descriptions of GI tract dysfunction in LBDs. We predict that a better understanding of how pathophysiologies in the gut influence disease risk and progression will accelerate discoveries that will lead to a deeper overall mechanistic understanding of disease and potential therapeutic strategies targeting the gut-brain axis to delay, arrest, or prevent disease progression.
Feruloyl-amides as natural antimicrobials for crop and food protection
Authors: Dozio Denise , Ghosh Sharmila , Consolini Daniele Alessandro , Ermini Starna Josè Luis , Pinto Loris , Baruzzi Federico , Contente Martina Letizia , Pinto Andrea , Cortesi Paolo , Princiotto Salvatore , Kunova Andrea , Dallavalle Sabrina
Published: January 2025

Background

Plants have developed multiple chemical defence responses against pathogen attacks. The main mechanism of defence is based on a rapid transcriptional reprogramming of genes encoding biosynthetic enzymes that synthesize specific secondary metabolites. Increasing evidence indicates phenylamides (PAs) as an important group of bioactive compounds in food plants.

Results

We synthesized a small collection of ferulic acid-derived phenylamides by chemoenzymatic approaches. The compounds were tested against fungal and bacterial pathogens to assess their antimicrobial potential. The treatment with the synthesized phenylamides showed modest inhibition of the fungal growth (up to 25%) and had no significant influence on spore germination, whereas some of the compounds gave a considerable inhibition of Pyricularia oryzae appressorium formation, up to 94%. They also exhibited in vitro antibacterial activity against six foodborne bacterial pathogens. Monitoring of six growth parameters (taking into account growth rate, time and absorbance) measured during 24 h incubation showed that the synthesized molecules, assayed at four concentrations between 12.5 and 100 mg/L, produced a stronger average antimicrobial effect against Gram-positive pathogenic strains than against Gram-negative ones.

Conclusions

The obtained results evidenced that the effect of this class of compounds is mainly related to blocking fungal virulence mechanisms, mediated by a significant effect on appressorium maturation, rather than to mycelium growth inhibition. Together with the observed in vitro antibacterial activity against foodborne bacterial pathogens, we conclude that PAs are promising candidates for future developments in the agri-food sector.

Graphical Abstract
Outcomes and safety of mechanical thrombectomy, alteplase, and conventional medical care in the treatment of acute M2 segment middle cerebral artery occlusion: a comparative study
Authors: Khedr Eman M. , Elbassiouny Ahmed , Nageeb Mahmoud , Aly Ahmed , Mohamed Khalid O. , Haridy Nourelhoda A.
Published: January 2025

Background

Data on mechanical thrombectomy (MT) to treat M2 occlusions of the middle cerebral artery (MCA) are sparse. We report the outcome and safety of MT versus intravenous recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (IV rTPA) versus conventional medical treatment (CMT) of acute ischemic stroke (AIS) due to occlusion of the M2 segment of the MCA. This prospective longitudinal intervention study compared the outcomes and safety of MT, rTPA, and CMT in M2 occlusion AIS patients. National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS), modified Rankin scale (mRS), and recanalization rate assessed outcomes.

Results

74 AIS patients were recruited (23 MT, 23 rTPA, 28CMT). MT group had significantly higher admission NIHSS (p = 0.018) and mRS (p = 0.023) than rTPA. At 24 h, NIHSS improved more with MT and rTPA than CMT (p < 0.0001). At 3 months, mRS were better with MT and rTPA versus CMT (p < 0.0001). Successful recanalization occurred in 73.9% of the MT group. 69% of the MT group required stent retrieval plus aspiration thrombectomy, and 60.9% required ≥ 3 trials, but outcomes did not differ by technique or number of trials. A good outcome (mRS 0–2) at 3 months was achieved in 69.6% MT versus 65.2% rTPA versus 7.1% CMT (p < 0.0001). Symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (sICH) rates were slightly, but insignificantly, higher with CMT. Mortality did not significantly differ between groups.

Conclusions

For M2 occlusions, MT and rTPA achieved better early and 3-month outcomes than CMT; however, MT was not superior to rTPA. MT of M2 is feasible and effective, with a lower hemorrhage rate than rTPA and CMT.

Trial registration: This study was prospectively registered in the clinical trial with ClinicalTrials.gov ID (NCT05091320). The link: https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT05091320
Bridging past and present: exploring Cannabis traditions in Armenia through ethnobotanical interviews and bibliographic prospecting
Authors: Balant Manica , Garnatje Teresa , Vitales Daniel , Oganesian Marine , Vallès Joan , Stepanyan-Gandilyan Nina , Gras Airy
Published: January 2025

Background

Cannabis sativa L. (Cannabaceae) has been widely used by humans throughout its history for a variety of purposes (medicinal, alimentary and other uses). Armenia, with its rich cultural history and diverse ecosystems, offers a unique context for ethnobotanical research about traditional uses of Cannabis. The present work aims to study and preserve the local traditional knowledge about Cannabis in Armenia by conducting interviews with informants and through a literature review.

Methods

The first part of the dataset was gathered with ethnobotanical surveys, through questionnaires conducted with 27 informants. The second part of the data was obtained from a comprehensive bibliographic search in English, Armenian and Russian language. Since the data acquisition was different, the quantitative analyses (calculation of the number of use reports and percentages) were performed separately.

Results

During the interviews 52 use reports and 3 vernacular names were recorded, while the bibliographic data from 20 references, provided us with 56 use reports and 17 Cannabis vernacular names, from the 5th century to 2020. Our results indicate that medicinal applications, particularly for human ailments, and fibre use have markedly dwindled, contrasting with earlier epochs. However, the Cannabis seeds continue to be consumed in celebrative and symbolic dishes such as aghandz and tolma.

Conclusions

The recent decline in the medicinal use of Cannabis contrasts with earlier periods when access to pharmacological remedies was limited, and societal views of the plant were more positive. This shift can be partly attributed to the impact of legal restrictions. In contrast, the use of Cannabis seeds for alimentary purposed is importantly maintained nowadays. As medicinal use, fibre use has also declined, largely due to the availability of more competitive modern products. The loss of vernacular names over time, as detected in this study, also reflects the erosion of traditional knowledge, which correlates with diminishing use. Despite the small sample size and limited geographic scope, the combination of two approaches—information from contemporary informants and a systematic bibliographic review—has provided valuable insights into the changes in the traditional use of Cannabis in Armenia, that has not been explored in this way before.
Long-Term Thyroid Outcomes After COVID-19 Vaccination: A Cohort Study of 2 333 496 Patients From the TriNetX Network
Authors: Cheng Kai-Lun , Yu Wei-Shin , Wang Yu-Hsun , Ibarburu Gema Hernández , Lee Hsiang-Lin , Wei James Cheng-Chung
Published: January 2025

Context

Reports on long-term thyroid dysfunction following COVID-19 vaccination are limited. Understanding the risk of subacute thyroiditis, hyperthyroidism, and hypothyroidism in vaccinated individuals is crucial for postvaccination monitoring.

Objective

This study evaluated the risk of thyroid dysfunction in individuals vaccinated against COVID-19 compared to unvaccinated individuals, using a large cohort.

Methods

We conducted a retrospective cohort study from January 1, 2022, to December 31, 2023, using the TriNetX database, including 1 166 748 vaccinated and 1 166 748 unvaccinated individuals. Propensity score matching was used to balance baseline characteristics. The primary outcomes were new diagnoses of subacute thyroiditis, hyperthyroidism, and hypothyroidism.

Results

The risk of subacute thyroiditis remained unchanged (95% CIs included 1). A significant reduction in hyperthyroidism risk was observed from 3 to 9 months postvaccination (hazard ratios [HRs]: 0.65-0.89, all 95% CIs below 1), but this trend was not significant at 12 months (HR: 0.99; 95% CI: 0.92-1.06). In contrast, the risk of hypothyroidism significantly increased from 6 to 12 months postvaccination (HR: 1.14-1.30, all 95% CIs above 1). Among mRNA vaccine recipients, the risk of both hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism was significantly elevated at 12 months (HR: 1.16-2.13).

Conclusion

COVID-19 vaccination was associated with a reduced risk of hyperthyroidism and an increased risk of hypothyroidism, highlighting the need for ongoing thyroid function monitoring.
Bone Health and Linear Growth in Children With Familial Hypoparathyroidism Treated With Human Parathyroid Hormone 1-34
Authors: Winer Karen K , Zemel Babette S , Kelly Andrea , Reynolds James C , Pechacek Joseph , Webb Taura , Hans Didier , Lionakis Michail S , Kalkwarf Heidi J
Published: January 2025

Context

Our study explores the impact of human parathyroid hormone (PTH) 1-34 injections (PTH therapy) on growth, areal bone mineral density (BMD), and bone quality (measured by trabecular bone score, TBS) in hypoparathyroidism due to autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome type 1 (APS-1) or an activating variant of the calcium sensing receptor (CaR).

Objective

To assess associations of (1) age and PTH therapy duration with age-standardized Z-scores for height (HAZ), BMD (BMD-Z), and TBS (TBS-Z) in CaR or APS-1, and (2) APS-1 disease severity with BMD-Z and TBS-Z.

Methods

This secondary analysis pooled linear growth and lumbar spine (LS) dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry data from studies of hypoparathyroidism with mean baseline age of 13.7 ± 5.5 years. Comparing the 2 diagnostic etiologies (18 APS-1 and 9 CaR), we examined the impact of age and PTH duration on HAZ, LS-BMD-Z, and LS-TBS-Z using longitudinal mixed-effects modeling.

Results

During PTH therapy, mean HAZ remained below 0 in the APS-1 group at all ages, whereas HAZ increased in the CaR group (age by group interaction P < .0001). Mean LS-BMD-Z were normal (BMD-Z: 0 ± 1) for both groups. Mean LS-TBS-Z were near or above 0 and differed by group; CaR showed an upward trajectory according to time on PTH whereas the APS-1 group maintained a LS-TBS-Z of approximately 0 (time by group interaction P = .02). The APS-1 group with greater disease severity (≥7 manifestations) had lower LS-BMD-Z and LS-TBS-Z than the less severe APS-1 or CaR groups.

Conclusion

Our study highlights distinct growth and BMD patterns in APS-1 and CaR and underscores the need for careful monitoring and tailored treatment strategies to optimize growth and bone health.
Perioperative Pain Management in Patients With Cancer-Related Pain: A Narrative Review
Authors: Horine Storm V. , Rakesh Neal , Nadav Danielle , Gulati Amitabh
Published: January 2025

The number of cancer patients, cancer survivors, and cancer surgeries is expected to continue to grow and anesthesiologists will benefit from having a framework on how to approach treating perioperative pain in the oncologic population. This article presents general considerations for formulating a perioperative pain management plan including cancer-specific contraindications for epidurals and nerve blocks, common procedures for pain after thoracic and abdominal surgeries, and alternative pain management techniques.
Hedging When Applying: Simultaneous Search with Correlation
Authors: Ali S. Nageeb , Shorrer Ran I.
Published: January 2025

Applicants to schools, colleges, and jobs hedge by applying to a broad range of options, including reaches, matches, and safeties. We develop a simultaneous-search framework that rationalizes this practice. In this framework, the admissions process is correlated across schools so that if an applicant is rejected by one school, she is more likely to be rejected by more selective schools. We find that an applicant then optimally targets both safeties and reaches. We characterize how the optimal portfolio varies with the applicant’s beliefs, risk attitudes, and application costs and offer an algorithm that delivers the optimal portfolio in polynomial time. (JEL D81, D83, D91, I23)
A Theory of Dynamic Inflation Targets
Authors: Clayton Christopher , Schaab Andreas
Published: January 2025

Should central banks’ inflation targets remain set in stone? We study a dynamic mechanism design problem between a government and a central bank. The central bank has persistent private information about structural shocks. Firms learn the state from the central bank’s reports and form inflation expectations. A dynamic inflation target implements the full-information commitment allocation. The central bank is delegated the authority to adjust the target’s level and flexibility one period in advance. A declining natural interest rate and a flattening Phillips curve imply opposite optimal target adjustments. Our results speak to practical policy questions of inflation target design. (JEL D82, E12, E31, E52, E58)
Global and regional projections of the economic burden of Asthma: a value of statistical life approach
Authors: Buendia Jefferson Antonio , Zuluaga Andres F. , Martínez-Rodríguez Carlos Enrique
Published: January 2025

Introduction Asthma imposes a substantial economic burden on health systems. By understanding the economic burden and its projections, public health officials and governments can design more effective asthma management and prevention strategies. This study aimed to estimate the global economic burden of asthma. Methods We projected future year DALYs lost to Asthma based on DALYs and annual rate of change 1990-2021 from the Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation’s (IHME) Global Burden of Diseases (GBD) study. We applied the concept of value of a statistical life year (VSLY) to estimate the value of a year of life lost to asthma. Results Our study reveals a disparity between high-income countries (HICs) and low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). The economic burden in low-income countries is expected to increase from 1,090 million dollars in 2023 to 1,265 million dollars in 2050, reflecting both population growth and increased prevalence of asthma. Meanwhile, high-income countries face a much higher burden, with costs rising from 130,290 million dollars in 2023 to 133,370 million dollars in 2050 Conclusion Our study reveal that the economic impact of asthma is projected to increase significantly globally, with a greater growth in low- and middle-income countries compared to high-income countries. Our results show a consistent rise in the economic burden of asthma from 2023 to 2050, both in absolute terms and per capita.
SPAR-4 and sustainable operations: A meta-analytic breakthrough
Authors: Arora Madhu , Ahmad Vasim , Walia Arpit , Negi Saurav , R. Saini Jatinderkumar , Kumar Rupesh
Published: January 2025

Background In a deglobalized world, operations are a major competitive force for industrialized economies, especially with the inclusion of the latest technologies. This study aims to meticulously examine the literature on analytics, operations and sustainability through assessment of contributing publications, nations, authors, and keywords that can provide new perspectives for the research domain. Methods The SPAR-4 (Smart Prediction and Reporting for Analysis and Research) model when integrated with bibliometric analysis helps follow a systematic approach to conducting research review along with meta-analysis to evaluate important articles, trends, and major contributors in these fields. This study therefore underlines the changing significance of sustainability in operational strategies, assesses the interconnectedness of research areas, and identifies emerging themes. Results The findings highlight the increasing significance of analytics in tackling sustainability issues, providing industry and academia with information to match operational procedures with sustainable development objectives. Conclusions By deepening grasp of the research landscape, this study supports strategic decision-making for sustained competitive operational excellence for the policy makers and strategic decision-makers.
A Randomized Controlled Trial Evaluating the Effect of Local Application of Sodium Alendronate Gel and Low-Level Laser Therapy (LLLT) On Peri-Implant Tissue Healing in Wistar Rats
Authors: Mishra Divya , Urala Arun S , Nayak Ashwath S , S Divya , Kamath Rajay , Bairy Lakshmi Narayan , S Gargi
Published: January 2025

Objective To evaluate the effect of local application of Sodium Alendronate incorporated in Carbapol gel together with LLLT on peri-implant tissue healing in Wistar rat femurs. Methods Twenty-four male Wistar rats were randomly divided into 4 groups: Group 1 (the control group), Group 2 (the Sodium Alendronate group), Group 3 (the Sodium Alendronate and LLLT group), and Group 4 (the LLLT group). Mini implants were placed in right and left femur bones in all the four groups. Implants of groups 2 and 3 were coated in 1mg Carbapol gel incorporated with 1 mg Sodium alendronate. Groups 3 and 4 were exposed to LLLT (CO2 laser, wavelength 830nm; 2.1J/cm2) on 1st, 7th, 14th and 21st day. Animals were sacrificed on the 28th day, following which the femurs were dissected out and stored in 10% buffered formaldehyde for histopathological analysis. Results Groups 3 and 4 showed bony union and formation of reorganized spongiosa whereas Groups 1 and 2 showed fibrous union. The bone marrow from Group 3 had an adult-type fatty marrow, while that from Group 2 and 4 was occupied by red blood cells. Group 1 showed initial stages of bone healing in which the defect occupied more than half of the bone marrow. Conclusion LLLT given using CO2 laser therapy, together with a one-time application of Sodium Alendronate in Carbapol gel at the time of implant placement optimally enhances healing of peri-implant tissues.
Steam Condensation Scaled Experiment in the Presence of Non-Condensable Gases for Small Modular Reactor Containment Passive Safety
Authors: Bhowmik Palash Kumar , Schlegel Joshua P. , Sabharwall Piyush
Published: January 2025

This study presents scaled experiments using steam condensation with non-condensable gas (NCG)—helium (He), simulating hydrogen, and nitrogen (N2)—as these experiments are pivotal for water-cooled reactor passive containment cooling system (PCCS) design and analysis. Research into PCCSs for small modular reactors (SMRs) is especially important in light of SMR system design; however, studies in the literature reflect limitations due to test geometry and operational condition variations, without considering SMR prototypic design. To address these challenges, a scaled test facility was developed to accurately replicate SMR PCCSs. This facility includes vertical down-flow condensing test sections with 1-, 2-, and 4-in.-diameter condensing tubes, accompanied by annular water cooling. Experiments were conducted using both superheated and saturated steam, with steam mass flow rates in the presence of NCG varying from: (a) 55 to 66 kg/hr. of steam, and 1.8 to 22 kg/hr. of He (as the NCG); (b) 58 to 63 kg/hr. of steam, and 4.4 to 13.3 kg/hr. of N2 (as the NCG). Test data were collected on (a) the axial temperatures of the annular cooling water; (b) the outer wall temperature of the condensers; and (c) the mass flow rate, temperature, and pressure at the test section inlets and outlets. These primary test data were used in conjunction with a standard data reduction methodology to estimate essential thermal parameters such as heat fluxes, heat transfer coefficients, and condensation rates. The effects of NCGs on steam condensation within the geometry of the scaled test sections were then presented in regard to various testing conditions.
Divergence and aggregation of ESG ratings: A survey
Authors: Agosto Arianna , Tanda Alessandra
Published: January 2025

Purpose This paper reviews the existing literature on the divergence of Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) ratings and explores various aggregation methods. It highlights the challenges posed by inconsistent ESG ratings and their implications for investment decisions. Design/methodology/approach The study conducts a comprehensive review of prior research focusing on ESG ratings, examining their correlation levels and the methodologies employed to assess corporate sustainability. It also investigates traditional aggregation techniques and modern machine learning approaches used to address these inconsistencies. Findings Past literature reveals that ESG ratings exhibit a low level of correlation across different providers, raising concerns about their reliability as investment indicators. Although some studies propose advanced aggregation methods to enhance accuracy, significant gaps remain in understanding how to effectively consolidate ESG information to create a dependable sustainability indicator. Originality This paper provides a critical analysis of the current state of ESG rating methodologies, emphasizing the need for improved aggregation strategies. It underscores the importance of future research in leveraging ESG data to develop more consistent and reliable measures of corporate sustainability.
The genome sequence of the Gypsy Moth, Lymantria dispar Linnaeus, 1758
Authors: Gardiner Adrian ,   Natural History Museum Genome Acquisition Lab,   Darwin Tree of Life Barcoding collective,   Wellcome Sanger Institute Tree of Life Management, Samples and Laboratory team,   Wellcome Sanger Institute Scientific Operations: Sequencing Operations,   Wellcome Sanger Institute Tree of Life Core Informatics team,   Tree of Life Core Informatics collective,   Darwin Tree of Life Consortium
Published: January 2025

We present a genome assembly from an individual female specimen of Lymantria dispar (Gypsy Moth; Arthropoda; Insecta; Lepidoptera; Erebidae). The genome sequence has a total length of 966.90 megabases. Most of the assembly (99.94%) is scaffolded into 32 chromosomal pseudomolecules, including the W and Z sex chromosomes. The mitochondrial genome has also been assembled and is 15.68 kilobases in length. Gene annotation of this assembly on Ensembl identified 16,242 protein-coding genes.
Corpus Mysticum versus Corpora Terrestria. Kościół rzymskokatolicki wobec Mikołaja Kopernika XV-XXI wiek.
Authors: Łaszkiewicz Hubert
Published: January 2025

Corpus Mysticum versus Corpora Terrestria. Kościół rzymskokatolicki wobec Mikołaja Kopernika XV-XXI wiek.
Streszczenie
Mikołaj Kopernik był człowiekiem Kościoła. Jego poglądy na temat budowy kosmosu wzbudziły opór Kościoła już w XVI wieku. Krytyka i odrzucenie połączone z wpisaniem na Indeks Ksiąg Zakazanych nastąpiła w 1616 roku z związku ze sprawą poglądów Galileo Galilei. Potępienie teorii Kopernika przez Kościół ustąpiło w ciągu XVIII wieku. Ostatecznie jego książka De revolutionibus (1543) została zdjęta z Indeksu w 1822 roku. Sprawa stosunku Kościoła do teorii Kopernika była częścią szerszego problemu: relacji pomiędzy Kościołem a nauką, który szczególnie żywy był od czasów Oświecenia i w wieku XIX. Ze strony Kościoła ważnym etapem w tej dyskusji jest encyklika Fides et Ratio (1998). Spór pomiędzy reprezentantami nauki a nauczaniem Kościoła w wieku XX-XXI przybiera nowe formy, jakkolwiek nie wygasa.
Czy wiemy już wszystko o studiach Mikołaja Kopernika?
Authors: Korytko Andrzej
Published: January 2025

W artykule omówiono najnowszą monografię dotyczącą studiów Mikołaja Kopernika. Książka pokazuje stopień trudności, z jakim musi mierzyć się historyk budujący narrację o bohaterze, który w analizowanym okresie studiów nie pozostawił po sobie bezpośrednich świadectw źródłowych. Recenzowana monografia porządkuje wiedzę o czasach studenckich Mikołaja Kopernika, a autor w wielu miejscach weryfikuje ustalenia poprzedników, pokazując wiarygodny obraz środowiska, w jakim astronom funkcjonował, kiedy studiował.
Person, Relationship and Love: The Contribution of a Personalist Pedagogical Anthropology for Promoting Educational and Helping Relationships
Authors: Musaio Marisa
Published: January 2025

By considering the perspective of dialogue between pedagogy and personalism (Vico, 2002; Mari, 2006; Musaio, 2009), the contribution presents a pedagogical anthropology for educational and helping professions that highlights the significanceof the connection between person and relationship. When educators and professionals face challenges, discomfort, and wounded existences, they rely on various ‘forms of life’ (Zambrano, 1996) and employ a sensitive reason to uncover the implicit, unspoken, and profound dimensions of every person and their educational and helping relationships. By actively participating in a helping relationship, they contribute to delineating a ‘loving educational action’ as a fundamentally essential approach, as a way of experiencing the encounter assuming responsibility for a helping relationship with the other, assisting them in uncovering and creating an order of the heart (De Monticelli, 2012), despite the difficulties endured.