bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Calcineurin, the Ca2+-dependent phosphatase, regulates Rga2, a Cdc42 GTPase-activating protein, to modulate pheromone signaling
Authors: Ly Nina , Cyert Martha S.
Published: January 2017

Calcineurin, the conserved Ca2+/calmodulin-activated phosphatase, is required for viability during prolonged exposure to pheromone and acts through multiple substrates to down-regulate yeast pheromone signaling. Calcineurin regulates Dig2 and Rod1/Art4 to inhibit mating-induced gene expression and activate receptor internalization, respectively. Recent systematic approaches identified Rga2, a GTPase-activating protein (GAP) for the Cdc42 Rho-type GTPase, as a calcineurin substrate. Here we establish a physiological context for this regulation and show that calcineurin dephosphorylates and positively regulates Rga2 during pheromone signaling. Mating factor activates the Fus3/MAPK kinase, whose substrates induce gene expression, cell cycle arrest, and formation of the mating projection. Our studies demonstrate that Fus3 also phosphorylates Rga2 at inhibitory S/TP sites, which are targeted by Cdks during the cell cycle, and that calcineurin opposes Fus3 to activate Rga2 and decrease Cdc42 signaling. Yeast expressing an Rga2 mutant that is defective for regulation by calcineurin display increased gene expression in response to pheromone. This work is the first to identify cross-talk between Ca2+/calcineurin and Cdc42 signaling and to demonstrate modulation of Cdc42 activity through a GAP during mating.
Comparison of Side Effects of the 2015–2016 High-Dose, Inactivated, Trivalent Influenza Vaccine and Standard Dose, Inactivated, Trivalent Influenza Vaccine in Adults ≥65 Years
Authors: Kaka Anjum S. , Filice Gregory A. , Myllenbeck Sharon , Nichol Kristin L.
Published: January 2017

Background

High-dose, inactivated, trivalent influenza vaccine (HD) is associated with higher rates of side effects than standard dose (SD) vaccine, which may represent a barrier to use.

Methods

We surveyed subjects ≥65 years who received either HD or SD vaccine at the Minneapolis Veteran Affairs Health Care System clinics on October 27, 28, or 29, 2015. Research assistants conducted a 17-item telephone survey of influenza vaccine recipients to inquire about self-reported health and symptoms experienced the week after vaccination.

Results

A total of 547 HD recipients and 541 SD recipients responded to the survey. The 2 groups were similar at baseline with respect to age, gender, and presence of high-risk medical conditions. At least ≥95% of individuals in both HD and SD groups reported that their overall health was the same or better than usual during the week after vaccination. Thirty-seven percent of HD recipients and 22% of SD recipients reported a local or systemic side effect (P < .001), most of which were mild to moderate. Only 7 of 547 (1.3%) HD recipients and 3 of 541 (0.6%) SD recipients reported a severe side effect (P = .34). There was no significant difference in healthcare visits between the groups.

Conclusions

Side effects were more common among subjects ≥65 years who received HD influenza vaccine compared with SD vaccine. These side effects were well tolerated and were not associated with impairment of general health status. These findings should reassure patients and their providers of the safety and tolerability of the HD influenza vaccine.
Emergence of Resistance to Fungicides: The Role of Fungicide Dose
Authors: Mikaberidze Alexey , Paveley Neil , Bonhoeffer Sebastian , van den Bosch Frank
Published: January 2017

Resistance to antimicrobial drugs allows pathogens to survive drug treatment. The time taken for a new resistant mutant to reach a population size that is unlikely to die out by chance is called “emergence time.” Prolonging emergence time would delay loss of control. We investigate the effect of fungicide dose on the emergence time in fungal plant pathogens. A population dynamical model is combined with dose-response data for Zymoseptoria tritici, an important wheat pathogen. Fungicides suppress sensitive pathogen population. This has two effects. First, the rate of appearance of resistant mutants is reduced, hence the emergence takes longer. Second, more healthy host tissue becomes available for resistant mutants, increasing their chances to invade and accelerates emergence. In theory, the two competing effects may lead to a non-monotonic dependence of the emergence time on fungicide dose that exhibits a minimum. But according to field data, fungicides are unable to reduce the fungicide-sensitive population strongly enough even at high doses. Hence, for full resistance over realistic ranges of pathogen’s life history and fungicide dose-response parameters, emergence time decreases monotonically with increasing dose. For partial resistance, there can be cases within a limited parameter range, when emergence decelerates at higher doses.
Biomechanical Comparison of Cadaveric and Commercially Available Synthetic Osteoporotic Bone Analogues in a Locked Plate Fracture Model Under Torsional Loading
Authors: Becker Edward H. , Kim Hyunchul , Shorofsky Michael , Hsieh Adam H. , Watson Jeffrey D. , O'Toole Robert V.
Published: January 2017

Objectives:

Biomechanical studies of osteoporotic bone have used synthetic models rather than cadaveric samples because of decreased variability, increased availability, and overall ease of the use of synthetic models. We compared the torsional mechanical properties of cadaveric osteoporotic bone with those of currently available synthetic osteoporotic bone analogues.

Methods:

We tested 12 osteoporotic cadaveric humeri and 6 specimens each of 6 types of synthetic analogues. A 5-mm fracture gap model and posterior plating technique with 4.5-mm narrow 10-hole locking compression plate were used. Torque was applied to a peak of ±10 N·m for 1000 cycles at 0.3 Hz. Data were continuously collected during cyclical and ramped loading with a servohydraulic materials testing system.

Results:

Cadaveric bone had a 17% failure rate before completing 1000 cycles. Three osteoporotic bone models had 100% failure (P < 0.05), 2 had 17% failure, and 1 had 0% failure before 1000 cycles. Significant differences in the stiffness of the 3 types of synthetic bone models that survived cyclic loading were noted compared with the cadaveric bone model (P < 0.05). Osteoporotic bone analogues had torsional mechanical properties different from those of osteoporotic cadaveric specimens.

Conclusions:

The differences between osteoporotic cadaveric humeri and synthetic osteoporotic bone analogues ranged from profound with complete catastrophic failure after a few cycles to subtler differences in stiffness and strain hardening. These findings suggest that different bone analogue models vary substantially in their torsional mechanical properties and might not be appropriate substitutes for cadaveric bone in biomechanical studies of osteoporotic bone.
Intravascular Papillary Endothelial Hyperplasia (Masson’s Tumor): Diagnosis the Plastic Surgeon Should Be Aware of
Authors: Boukovalas Stefanos , Dillard Rachel , Qiu Suimin , Cole Eric L
Published: January 2017

Intravascular papillary endothelial hyperplasia (IPEH) or Masson’s tumor is a rare benign entity commonly found on the head, neck, and upper extremities. It usually arises within a blood vessel but is considered to be a nonneoplastic reactive process often associated with vascular injury. Typically, IPEHs cause no symptoms and present as slowly growing soft-tissue masses. Given their prevalent location and indolent clinical presentation, the plastic surgeon should be familiar with this rare entity. We are presenting a case of IPEH of the forehead with unusual clinical and pathologic characteristics. Differential diagnosis, special considerations regarding preoperative work-up, and treatment options are discussed.
VITREOUS INCARCERATION IN SCLEROTOMIES AFTER VALVED 23-, 25-, OR 27-GAUGE AND NONVALVED 23- OR 25-GAUGE MACULAR SURGERY
Authors: Tosi Gian Marco , Malandrini Alex , Cevenini Gabriele , Neri Giovanni , Marigliani Davide , Cerruto Arianna , Virgili Gianni
Published: January 2017

Purpose:

To study the patterns of vitreous incarceration at sclerotomy sites by ultrasound biomicroscopy in patients subjected to valved or nonvalved small-gauge pars plana vitrectomy.

Methods:

A prospective comparative study of 88 eyes affected by epiretinal membrane and macular hole. Patients were divided into four groups: valved or nonvalved 23-gauge (16 eyes each) and valved or nonvalved 25-gauge (20 eyes each); their vitreal disposition was compared by ultrasound biomicroscopy. Vitreal disposition was also assessed in 16 eyes of 16 patients subjected to valved 27-gauge pars plana vitrectomy.

Results:

Three vitreal patterns were identified: P0 (vitreous not visible or vitreous strand distant from the sclerotomy site), P1 (vitreous strand parallel to and in contact with the sclerotomy site), and P2 (vitreous strand entrapped in the sclerotomy site). The effect of valved trocar use on vitreous incarceration seemed to be somewhat beneficial, but no statistically significant effect could be shown (odds ratio: 0.85, 95% confidence interval: 0.42–1.74, P = 0.657). Similarly, no differences in vitreous incarceration were shown among vitrectomy gauges (23, 25, or 27) both in a model including valved trocars only (P = 0.858) and in a model with all available data (P = 0.935).

Conclusion:

In 23- and 25-gauge macular surgeries, postoperative vitreous incarceration does not seem to be reduced using valved cannulas and was similar to that observed in 27-gauge surgery.
Factors Associated With Graft Detachment After Primary Descemet Stripping Automated Endothelial Keratoplasty
Authors: Nahum Yoav , Leon Pia , Mimouni Michael , Busin Massimo
Published: January 2017

Purpose:

To identify risk factors associated with postoperative graft detachment after Descemet stripping automated endothelial keratoplasty (DSAEK).

Methods:

In this retrospective institutional cohort study, the study group included all consecutive eyes that underwent primary DSAEK between January 2005 and October 2015 at Villa Serena-Villa Igea private hospitals (Forlì, Italy) and developed postoperative graft detachment (n = 45). The control group included all eyes that underwent primary DSAEK during the same period and did not develop graft detachment (n = 1167). The main outcome measure was whether or not postoperative graft detachment occurred.

Results:

Main indications for surgery included Fuchs endothelial dystrophy (525/1212 = 41%), pseudophakic bullous keratopathy (422/1212 = 35%), and a failed penetrating keratoplasty (PK) graft (190/1212 = 16%). Postoperative graft detachment occurred in 45 of 1212 (3.7%) eyes. Medically treated glaucoma, previous trabeculectomy, previous aqueous shunt procedure, and failed PK were all associated with an increased risk for graft detachment in univariate analysis. No particular lens status at the time of graft implantation was significantly associated with graft detachment, including the presence of an anterior chamber intraocular lens [odds ratio (OR), 1.5; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.35–6.46, P = 0.58] or aphakia at the time of graft transplantation (OR, 1.37; 95% CI, 0.41–4.57, P = 0.74). Cataract removal during surgery was not associated with an increased risk for detachment (OR, 0.77; 95% CI, 0.39–1.5, P = 0.47). Previous trabeculectomy (OR, 4.21; 95% CI, 1.53–11.56, P = 0.005) and a previous failed PK graft (OR, 3.04; 95% CI, 1.6–5.78, P = 0.001) were the only independent risk factors for graft detachment in multivariate analyses.

Conclusions:

Previous PK and trabeculectomy are independent risk factors for postoperative graft detachment in primary DSAEK.
Asymmetric Deep Stromal Keratopathy in a Patient With Multiple Myeloma
Authors: Tainsh Laurel T. , Coady Patrick A. , Sinard John H. , Neparidze Natalia , Meskin Seth W. , Adelman Ron A. , Chow Jessica
Published: January 2017

Purpose:

To report a case of asymmetric deep stromal keratopathy in a patient with multiple myeloma.

Methods:

Case report and literature review.

Results:

An 85-year-old woman was found to have progressive visually significant left-sided deep stromal opacity in the setting of monoclonal gammopathy. Hematologic workup resulted in a diagnosis of IgG kappa multiple myeloma. Histopathology was significant for semicrystalline deposits in the posterior stroma. The patient's visual acuity improved to 20/50 7 months after penetrating keratoplasty. A similar deep stromal lesion appeared in the right eye 2 years after initial presentation.

Conclusions:

We present an unusual case of paraproteinemic keratopathy with a uniquely asymmetric presentation that resulted in a diagnosis of multiple myeloma.
Lutein and Brilliant Blue-Based Dye for Donor Preparation and Transplantation in Descemet Membrane Endothelial Keratoplasty
Authors: Siebelmann Sebastian , Matthaei Mario , Hörster Robert , Cursiefen Claus , Bachmann Björn
Published: January 2017

Purpose:

Trypan blue (TB) is used for visualization of the endothelium–Descemet membrane graft during Descemet membrane endothelial keratoplasty (DMEK). However, TB is assumed to have a dose-dependent toxic effect on the corneal endothelium. We retrospectively compared a lutein/zeaxanthin and Brilliant Blue (LZ/BB)-based dye for preparation and transplantation of the graft in DMEK to TB.

Methods:

In 20 patients, a dye composed of 1% LZ /0.025% BB was used, and in 22 patients, 0.06% TB was used for graft visualization in DMEK. We evaluated the rebubbling rate, best spectacle-corrected visual acuity (BSCVA), central corneal thickness (CCT), and endothelial cell density (ECD) before and 3 and 6 months after transplantation.

Results:

Staining of endothelium–Descemet membrane with LZ/BB was faint but sufficient. There was no significant difference between both groups, except in CCT after 3 months, which was lower in the LZ/BB group (P = 0.02). In the LZ/BB group, BSCVA improved from 0.48 ± 0.39 before DMEK to 0.19 ± 0.09 after 6 months (P < 0.05) (20% rebubbling rate). Donor ECD decreased from 2735 ± 259 cells/m2 preoperatively to 1876 ± 316 cells/mm2 (P < 0.0001) at 6 months (31.4%). CCT decreased from 642 ± 130 μm preoperatively to 519.8 ± 38 μm (P < 0.0001) at 6 months. In the TB group, BSCVA improved from 0.43 ± 0.27 to 0.17 ± 0.14 (P = 0.0003) at 6 months (30% rebubbling rate). ECD decreased from 2825 ± 263 to 1777 ± 302 cells/mm2 (P < 0.0001) after 6 months (36.3%), CCT from 638 ± 48 μm preoperatively to 531 ± 48 μm (P < 0.0001) at 6 months.

Conclusions:

LZ/BB-based dyes are suitable for DMEK with outcomes comparable to TB. However, available formulas result in faint staining, discouraging their routine use in donors with assumed difficult preparation.
Prevention of Zika virus and related complications
Authors: Vanya Melinda
Published: January 2017

Zika virus disease is caused by a virus transmitted primarily by Aedes mosquitoes. People with Zika virus disease can have symptoms, including mild fever, skin rash, conjunctivitis, muscle and joint pain, malaise, or headache. These symptoms normally last for 2–7 days. There is scientific consensus that Zika virus is a cause of microcephaly and Guillain–Barré syndrome. Association with other neurological complications are also being investigated. The aim of the present review is to summarize and discuss the evidence base data regarding Zika virus and related complications.
Can Intoxication Status Be Used as a Prediction Tool for Manner of Death?
Authors: Molina D. Kimberley , Hargrove Veronica M.
Published: January 2017

Determining the manner of death in medicolegal death investigations can be difficult. The investigator relies on many facets of death investigation, including the circumstances of death and autopsy examination. A study was designed to analyze whether the intoxication status of the decedent could be used as another tool in death investigations. The intoxication status of violent (nonoverdose or poisoning) suicides and homicides was retrospectively reviewed and compared. A total of 625 deaths were identified, including 366 suicides and 259 homicides. Age, sex, cause of death, and intoxication status, including the specific drugs present, were analyzed. Gunshot wounds were the most common cause of death in both groups, with hanging being the second most common cause in suicides and sharp force injuries in homicides. Analysis found that although the overall intoxication status for suicides versus homicides did not differ significantly, certain drugs were more prevalent in one group over the other. Specifically, illicit drugs, that is, heroin, cocaine, and methamphetamine, were more likely to be present in homicides, whereas antidepressants or antipsychotics, benzodiazepines, and zolpidem were more common in suicides.
Persistence of antibiotic resistance plasmids in bacterial biofilms
Authors: Ridenhour Benjamin J. , Metzger Genevieve A. , France Michael , Gliniewicz Karol , Millstein Jack , Forney Larry J. , Top Eva M.
Published: January 2017

The emergence and spread of antibiotic resistance is a crisis in health care today. Antibiotic resistance is often horizontally transferred to susceptible bacteria by means of multi-drug resistance plasmids that may or may not persist in the absence of antibiotics. Because bacterial pathogens often grow as biofilms, there is a need to better understand the evolution of plasmid persistence in these environments. Here we compared the evolution of plasmid persistence in the pathogenAcinetobacter baumanniiwhen grown under antibiotic selection in biofilms versus well-mixed liquid cultures. After four weeks, clones in which the plasmid was more stably maintained in the absence of antibiotic selection were present in both populations. On average plasmid persistence increased more in liquid batch cultures, but variation in the degree of persistence was greater among biofilm-derived clones. The results of this study show for the first time that the persistence of MDR plasmids improves in biofilms.
Dynamic patterning by theDrosophilapair-rule network reconciles long-germ and short-germ segmentation
Authors: Clark Erik
Published: January 2017

Drosophilasegmentation is a well-established paradigm for developmental pattern formation. However, the later stages of segment patterning, regulated by the “pair-rule” genes, are still not well understood at the systems level. Building on established genetic interactions, I construct a logical model of theDrosophilapair-rule system that takes into account the demonstrated stage-specific architecture of the pair-rule gene network. Simulation of this model can accurately recapitulate the observed spatiotemporal expression of the pair-rule genes, but only when the system is provided with dynamic “gap” inputs. This result suggests that dynamic shifts of pair-rule stripes are essential for segment patterning in the trunk, and provides a functional role for observed posterior-to-anterior gap domain shifts that occur during cellularisation. The model also suggests revised patterning mechanisms for the parasegment boundaries, and accounts for theeven-skippednull mutant phenotype. Strikingly, a slightly modified version of the model is able to pattern segments in either simultaneous or sequential modes, depending only on initial conditions. This suggest that fundamentally similar mechanisms may underlie segmentation in short-germ and long-germ arthropods.
Effects of explanations communicated in announcements of alleged labor abuses on valuation of a firm’s stock
Authors: Daly Joseph Patrick , Pouder Richard W. , McNeil Chris R.
Published: January 2017

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to gauge the impact of the following on the share price of a firm that has allegedly committed labor abuses: the allegation itself, explanations (justifications and excuses) offered by the company spokesperson, and denials of responsibility for the alleged abuse.

Design/methodology/approach

The study uses archival data and an event study methodology.

Findings

Labor abuse allegations have a negative impact on the firm’s share price. Allegations that are accompanied by an explanation (a justification or excuse) have a less negative impact than those that are not accompanied by an explanation. Denials of responsibility have a negative influence on the share price.

Practical implications

If managers want to avoid a negative hit on the share price from an allegation of wrongdoing, they should provide an explanation (a justification or excuse) and avoid the use of denials.

Originality/value

Prior research has shown a negative impact from several types of labor abuse. This study extends prior research by showing a negative impact for all forms of labor abuse as a general category; it also extends findings from lab research on the impact of explanations on fairness judgments to a new context and a new dependent variable (the financial performance of the firm), which is on an organizational scale. It adds to the extreme paucity of empirical findings relative to the impact of denials and also adds to a small but growing literature on fairness judgments by third parties and their consequences.
Exploring correlations in components of green supply chain practices and green supply chain performance
Authors: Sharma Sanjay , Gandhi Mohd. Asif
Published: January 2017

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to explore the peer-reviewed literature, as well as literature written by practitioners having authority on green supply chains and allied areas with a view to identify future research directions with the help of an extensive literature review.

Design/methodology/approach

In line with this objective, the constructs “Green Supply Chain Practices” and “Green Supply Chain Performance” were the two terms that were identified for a co-relational study.

Findings

As indicated by the literature review, there is a need to do a more detailed study that can pinpoint particular components of green supply chain practices that have a strong association with particular components of green supply chain performance. This paper attempts to achieve the aim by using a different connotation of these two constructs.

Originality/value

Such a study with the connotation and components of green supply chain (GSC) practices and GSC performance as identified and used in this paper might not have been conducted before in the way it is proposed to be used in this paper, thus making this an appropriate contribution. Accordingly, a framework for the research has been depicted, and research questions have been framed.
Sustainable green supply chain management: trends and current practices
Authors: Singh Amol , Trivedi Ashish
Published: January 2017

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to give an up-to-date and structured insight into the literature published during the past decade on sustainable green supply chain management. It also suggests trends for future research based on the research issues identified through systematic and comprehensive analysis of previous studies in the area of green and sustainable supply chain management.

Design/methodology/approach

A state-of-the-art literature review is carried out by systematically collecting the existing literature over a period of 10 years (2005-2014) and categorizing it on the basis of attributes such as stages in supply chain, methodology and the industries/sectors under consideration. The classification of literature is also done according to the geographic region and year of publication.

Findings

There has been an increased interest among researchers and practitioners in the area of sustainable green supply chain management in the past decade. A need for achieving sustainability through adoption of greener practices has been universally felt, owing to an increasing environmental and ecological complexity. The review reveals that there exists a need to address behavioural issues like human resource management and supply chain partner relationship management. Moreover, reverse logistics, closed-loop supply chain management and waste management are areas that need special focus to achieve environmental sustainability.

Research limitations/implications

The current review focuses on research trends in the past 10 years only. Moreover, papers from only good quality, peer-reviewed journals are considered in the study.

Originality/value

Most of the previous reviews have either focused on specific issues related to sustainable supply chains only or green supply chains. The present study collectively takes into consideration papers both from green supply chain management as well as from sustainable supply chain literature that have a prime focus on environmental sustainability.
An evaluation of EU member states according to human development and global competitiveness dimensions using the multi-period grey relational analysis (MP-GRA) technique
Authors: Eren Miraç , Kaynak Selahattin
Published: January 2017

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the multi-period, multi-attribute decision-making problems that arise when the information required to make decisions is provided at different periods.

Design/methodology/approach

For the multi-period grey relational analysis (MP-GRA) procedure, the time dimension is added to the grey relational analysis algorithm, which is a multi-attribute decision analysis that has been developed. As a case study to test the functionality and applicability of the model, 28 European Union member states were ranked by the MP-GRA method developed according to their human development and global competitiveness variables for the years 2006-2015.

Findings

The general ranking of EU member states has been provided in intervals of certain time periods called decision units.

Originality/value

Another dimension based on time periods has been added to a ranking technique. This case also shows that the opinions of decision-makers may be added separately to enhance evaluations.
Explanation of terms of grey incidence analysis models
Authors: Liu Sifeng , Zhang Hongyang , Yang Yingjie
Published: January 2017

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to present the terms of grey incidence analysis models.

Design/methodology/approach

The definitions of basic terms about various grey incidence analysis models are presented one by one.

Findings

The reader could know the basic explanation about the important terms about various grey incidence analysis models from this paper.

Practical implications

Many of the authors’ colleagues thought that unified definitions of key terms would be beneficial for both the readers and the authors.

Originality/value

It is a fundamental work to standardize all the definitions of terms for a new discipline. It is also propitious to spread and universal of grey system theory.
Entrepreneurial intentions of business students in Malaysia
Authors: Gelaidan Hamid Mahmood , Abdullateef Aliyu Olayemi
Published: January 2017

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to empirically examine the effects of relational support, educational support and self-confidence on entrepreneurial intentions of undergraduate business students in a university.

Design/methodology/approach

To empirically validate the conceptual model and test the hypothesised relationships, the authors collected data from 227 business students at an AACSB-accredited university in Malaysia through random sampling.

Findings

The results were based on analyses from structural equation modelling using the SmartPLS software. The findings show that entrepreneurial intention of business students is significantly influenced by educational and relational support; however, the moderating effects of self-confidence in the relationship between educational support, relational support and entrepreneurial intention are not significant. The paper clearly shows that relational and educational supports are two important factors that can influence the entrepreneurial intention of university students.

Originality/value

This research contributes to literature on entrepreneurial motivations and intentions through its empirical findings of the hypothesised relationships. It theoretically contributes to existing knowledge by integrating relevant themes from entrepreneurial motivations theory and the theory of planned behaviour. Finally, it offers alternative recommendations to university authorities and policymakers about business students’ entrepreneurship intention.
Enhanced electrochemical performances of LiFePO4-C synthesized with PEG as the grain growth inhibitor for Li-ion capacitors in LiNO3 aqueous electrolyte
Authors: Qiu Shen , Zhang Xugang , Li Yawen , Sun Ting , Wang Chenlong , Qin Chuanli
Published: January 2017

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to conduct the synthesization of LiFePO4-C (LFP-C) with fine particle size and enhanced electrochemical performance as the positive electrode material for Li-ion capacitors (LICs) with neutral aqueous electrolyte.

Design/methodology/approach

LFP-C was prepared by using polyethylene glycol (PEG) as a grain growth inhibitor, and the effects of the calcination temperature and PEG content on the structure and morphology of LFP-C were investigated. LICs using environment-friendly, safe and low-cost LiNO3 aqueous electrolyte were assembled with LFP-C as the positive electrode and active carbon as the negative electrode. The electrochemical performances of LFP-C and LICs were studied.

Findings

The results show that the particle size of LFP-C decreases significantly through the introduction of PEG. Cyclic voltammetry results show that the LFP-C prepared at 550°C with 1.0 g PEG exhibits the highest Cpe of 725 F/g at the scanning rate of 5 mA/s. Compared to LFP prepared without PEG, the electrochemical performance of optimized LFP-C dramatically increases due to the decrease of the particle size. Moreover, the LIC assembled with the optimized LFP-C exhibits excellent electrochemical performances. The LIC maintains about 91.3 per cent of its initial Cps after 200 cycles which shows a good cycling performance.

Research limitations/implications

The LFP-C is the suitable positive electrode material for LICs with neutral aqueous electrolyte. LICs can be used in the field of automobiles and can solve the problems of energy shortage and environmental pollution.

Originality/value

Both the LFP-C with fine particle size and its optimal LIC using environment-friendly, safe and low-cost LiNO3 aqueous electrolyte own good electrochemical performances.
Synthesis of tetra(2,2-hydroxyethylene) terephthalamide from PET waste and its application in synthesis of polyesteramide coating
Authors: Rane Pradnya C. , More Aarti P. , Mhaske Shashank T.
Published: January 2017

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to discuss the synthesis of polyesteramide resin from the monomer obtained from poly (ethylene terephthalate) (PET) waste and study of the structure – property relation for the same in polyesteramide coating. The purpose is also not only to just target the polymeric waste but also to study the effect of the structure of monomer obtained from such waste in final coating.

Design/methodology/approach

PET waste was depolymerised using diethanolamine to tetra(2,2-hydroxyethylene) terephthalamide (THETA). Four functional hydroxyl terminated monomers were generated having amide linkage as a structural part. THETA was used for the synthesis of polyesteramide resin along with fatty amide of oil, and concentration of the THETA was varied. The synthesised polyesteramide resin was cured with MF resin and tested for physico-chemical, thermal and anticorrosive properties.

Findings

PET was successfully depolymerised to monomeric level using diethanolamine as a reactive agent. It is observed that as the concentration of THETA increases, the hardness of the coating increases, as aromatic concentration increases in the coating. The amide linkage helps to improve adhesion as well as hydrophobicity because an aliphatic long chain of fatty amide and aromatic linkage of THETA helps in improving anticorrosive properties of the coating.

Practical implications

This method is the useful key to solve the polymeric waste problem. PET can be easily depolymerised using diethanolamine and polyesteramide resin synthesised from it. Hence, waste material can be converted into the coating by reacting it with renewable resources.

Originality/value

To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first study which uses THETA as a monomer for the synthesis of polyesteramide resin and study of its various concentrations on coating properties. The coating is obtained from waste material; hence, polymeric waste issue is also solved, and dependency on the petroleum resources to obtain raw materials for coating is also depleted partially. The study also helps to understand the effect of the structure of monomers on the properties of the coating.
Professional confidence in the roles as ambulance and medical incident commander
Authors: Rosander Michael , Jonson Carl‐Oscar
Published: January 2017

The aim was to investigate professional confidence in the roles of ambulance and medical incident commander (AIC and MIC), and how it influences achievement of performance indicators at an incident site. A web survey based on theoretical constructs (e.g., social identity, efficacy, accountability) and questions about prehospital emergency care connected to the roles were used (n = 426 Swedish ambulance nurses and emergency medical technicians). The results showed that social identity, independence and occupation were moderators for professional confidence. Organizational support, relational trust and independence were moderators for achieving performance indicators. Strengthening group identification and independence as MIC and independence and support for women as AIC together with a stronger organizational support can increase professional confidence and improve performance.
Population pharmacokinetics of intravenous clonidine for sedation during paediatric extracorporeal membrane oxygenation and continuous venovenous hemofiltration
Authors: Kleiber Niina , Mathôt Ron A. A. , Ahsman Maurice J. , Wildschut Enno D. , Tibboel Dick , de Wildt Saskia N.
Published: January 2017

Aims

Clonidine is used for sedation in the paediatric intensive care unit. Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) provides temporary support if respiratory and cardiac function is threatened. ECMO influences the pharmacokinetics of drugs. Clonidine during paediatric ECMO cannot be effectively titrated as PK data are lacking. The aim of this study is to describe clonidine PK in a particular ECMO system and propose dosing guidelines for children on this particular ECMO circuit.

Methods

All children below the age of 18 years who received clonidine during ECMO were eligible. The pharmacokinetic analysis was conducted by nonlinear mixed effect modelling, which enables to establish the separate influences of determinants on drug blood level and to provide individualized dosing.

Results

Twenty‐two patients, median age 1 month (IQR 6.4) and weight at inclusion 4 kg (IQR 3.1) were included of whom 90% in addition to ECMO received pre‐emptive continuous venovenous hemofiltration to optimize fluid balance. The clonidine clearance rate was two‐fold that measured in patients not on ECMO. Clearance increased steeply with postnatal age: at days 6, 8 and 10, respectively 30%, 50% and 70% of the adult clearance rate was reached. The use of diuretics was associated with a lower clearance. The volume of distribution increased by 55% during ECMO support.

Conclusion

Our findings suggest that a higher dose of clonidine may be needed during ECMO. The PK parameters on ECMO and the dosing guidelines proposed hold the potential to improve sedation practices on ECMO but need to be repeated with different ECMO systems.
A novel conversion method for radiographic guide into surgical guide
Authors: Peng Yao‐Te , Tseng Chung‐Chih , Du Yi‐Chun , Chen Yen‐Nien , Chang Chih‐Han
Published: January 2017

Background

The study proposed a novel method for converting a radiographic guide into a surgical guide and evaluated its accuracy.

Materials and Methods

Radiographic guide was reformed with the addition of index rods for geometric conversion method (GCM). Planning implants were projected on geometric projection planes, and the implant positions were measured. The radiographic guide was converted into surgical guide using a generic bench drill machine with GCM data. Two experiments were designed to validate the GCM. (1) In vitro test: Twenty implants were placed on five edentulous dental models by using the GCM (group 1) and Stereolithography (SLA) method (group 2), respectively. The deviations of planned and placed implant were calculated, and the precision error (PE) value was calculated to evaluate the stability of the GCM and SLA. (2) In vivo test: Nine edentulous subjects were selected for clinical implant surgery with the GCM guide. Two level of the index rods of radiographic guides were prepared for surgical guides forming. The differences between the planned and actual implants were calculated in implant head, apex, and angulation.

Results

The in vitro test revealed no significant differences in the planned and placed angulations between groups 1 and 2 (P > .05). The PE was not significantly different between groups 1 and 2 (P > .05). The in vivo test revealed a successful treatment of the subjects, and 16 implant sites were evaluated. The results indicated that GCM guide could achieve the three‐dimensional (3D) offset deviations of 1.03 ± 0.27 mm and 1.17 ± 0.24 mm at the implant head and apex, respectively, and 1.37° ± 0.21° for the 3D angulation.

Conclusion

The novel method for converting a radiographic guide into a surgical guide appears accurate and stable compared with SLA.
Women's and Health Workers’ Voices in Open, Inclusive Communities and Effective Spaces (VOICES): Measuring Governance Outcomes in Reproductive and Maternal Health Programmes
Authors: Sebert Kuhlmann Anne K. , Gullo Sara , Galavotti Christine , Grant Carolyn , Cavatore Maria , Posnock Samuel
Published: January 2017

Given the growing popularity of the social accountability approach to governance, we developed and tested measures of governance outcomes to evaluate maternal and reproductive health social accountability interventions. We articulate a theory of change for how CARE's Community Score Card©, a social accountability approach, 1) empowers women, 2) empowers health workers and 3) creates expanded, inclusive and effective spaces for the two to interact. Our measures worked well in surveys of women and health workers. For women, eight of 13 scales had alphas ≥.70. For health workers, five of 11 scales were ≥.70; four were .60–.69. To our knowledge, this is the first attempt to develop comprehensive measures of governance outcomes to evaluate a social accountability approach for maternal and reproductive health.
Traumatic sacral fracture following dystocia in a Thoroughbred foal
Authors: Mackenzie C. , Haggett E. , Powell S. , Swarbrick M. , Leaman T.
Published: January 2017

A Thoroughbred colt with a history of dystocia was referred for further management of suspected hypoxia. The foal showed signs of neonatal maladjustment syndrome and hindlimb paralysis. Radiography revealed the presence of a severe lumbosacral injury. The foal was subjected to euthanasia due to a hopeless prognosis. Computed tomography was performed post‐mortem and revealed a type I Salter Harris fracture of the cranial physis of the first sacral vertebra.
An agent‐based modelling approach to build up educational digital games for kindergarten and primary schools
Authors: Ponticorvo Michela , Di Fuccio Raffaele , Di Ferdinando Andrea , Miglino Orazio
Published: January 2017

Most of the educational materials, such as the exercises contained in activity books or the Montessori‐like games that are commonly used in kindergartens and primary schools share a common deep structure and have similar features. Capturing these commonalities in an explanatory model leads to a general framework that may be useful to develop games engine, in particular, digital games for children that enhance the learning and teaching experiences. In this paper, we analyze the structure of above mentioned educational materials and propose to describe it in terms of interacting agents' model. Moreover, we present Block Magic and SNIFF, first two examples of educational Montessori‐like games to better explain how this general framework can be employed in educational game development.
The Role of Founder and Other Family Participation on US Private Foundation Efficiency
Authors: McAllister Brian , Allen Arthur
Published: January 2017

Founders make significant financial contributions in creating US private foundations. Therefore, we hypothesize that founders monitor foundation operations and predict a positive relation between founder participation and foundation efficiency. In contrast, we propose competing hypotheses in examining the relation between other family member participation and foundation efficiency. Other family member participation has the potential to enhance foundation efficiency if founders are able to transfer their philanthropic values to their progeny. However, other family participation also has the potential to diminish foundation efficiency if the founders’ withdrawal leaves their foundations without true principals to monitor managerial actions. We find that both founder and other family participation are positively associated with foundation efficiency. We also provide limited evidence that the positive association between founding family participation and foundation efficiency is transferred to second generation family members, but is not transferred to subsequent generations.
Profiles of persistent slip markings and internal structure of underlying persistent slip bands
Authors: Polák J , Mazánová V , Heczko M , Kuběna I , Man J
Published: January 2017

Focused ion beam sections and lamellae for transmission electron microscopy were prepared from fatigued specimens of polycrystalline copper and austenitic Sanicro 25 steel. The profiles of persistent slip markings developed on the surface were observed and documented simultaneously with the underlying dislocation structure. In copper fatigued at room temperature and close to liquid nitrogen temperature, persistent slip markings consisting of pronounced extrusions and parallel intrusions appeared at locations where persistent slip bands having the ladder‐like dislocation structure egress on the surface. Stage I cracks initiated from the tip of the intrusions. In Sanicro 25 steel, more planar character of the dislocation structure led to thin extrusions and intrusions and several stage I cracks running parallel to the primary slip plane. Exceptionally, ladder‐like structure and generally alternating dislocation‐rich and dislocation‐poor volumes were observed in the PSBs. Dislocations bands of secondary slip systems in the matrix disappeared on intersections with PSBs. Experimental findings were compared with predictions of recent physically based models of fatigue crack initiation.
Risks of ocean acidification in the California Current food web and fisheries: ecosystem model projections
Authors: Marshall Kristin N. , Kaplan Isaac C. , Hodgson Emma E. , Hermann Albert , Busch D. Shallin , McElhany Paul , Essington Timothy E. , Harvey Chris J. , Fulton Elizabeth A.
Published: January 2017

The benefits and ecosystem services that humans derive from the oceans are threatened by numerous global change stressors, one of which is ocean acidification. Here, we describe the effects of ocean acidification on an upwelling system that already experiences inherently low pH conditions, the California Current. We used an end‐to‐end ecosystem model (Atlantis), forced by downscaled global climate models and informed by a meta‐analysis of the pH sensitivities of local taxa, to investigate the direct and indirect effects of future pH on biomass and fisheries revenues. Our model projects a 0.2‐unit drop in pH during the summer upwelling season from 2013 to 2063, which results in wide‐ranging magnitudes of effects across guilds and functional groups. The most dramatic direct effects of future pH may be expected on epibenthic invertebrates (crabs, shrimps, benthic grazers, benthic detritivores, bivalves), and strong indirect effects expected on some demersal fish, sharks, and epibenthic invertebrates (Dungeness crab) because they consume species known to be sensitive to changing pH. The model's pelagic community, including marine mammals and seabirds, was much less influenced by future pH. Some functional groups were less affected to changing pH in the model than might be expected from experimental studies in the empirical literature due to high population productivity (e.g., copepods, pteropods). Model results suggest strong effects of reduced pH on nearshore state‐managed invertebrate fisheries, but modest effects on the groundfish fishery because individual groundfish species exhibited diverse responses to changing pH. Our results provide a set of projections that generally support and build upon previous findings and set the stage for hypotheses to guide future modeling and experimental analysis on the effects of OA on marine ecosystems and fisheries.
Hyperparathyroidism caused by distant pulmonary lesions and parathyromatosis after ethanol injection/parathyroidectomy for secondary hyperparathyroidism
Authors: Nakamura Michio , Tanaka Kiho , Fujii Takeshi
Published: January 2017

Secondary hyperparathyroidism (SHPT) treatment includes parathyroidectomy and percutaneous ethanol injection therapy (PEIT), which are invasive procedures. The condition in which benign hyperfunctioning parathyroid tissue is distributed throughout the neck and mediastinum is termed parathyromatosis. Here, we present the case of a 51‐year‐old woman who began hemodialysis in 1986 due to chronic kidney disease of unknown etiology and developed SHPT in 1999. She underwent 6 rounds of PEIT followed by total a parathyroidectomy with partial forearm autotransplantation. Between 2011 and 2013, surgeons removed several nodules from her pulmonary and cervical regions and the transplanted masses from her forearm; all showed hyperplasia but exhibited no histological evidence of malignancy. Damage to the parathyroid capsule after repeated PEITs may cause local cervical recurrence and pulmonary lesions, although distant lesions are extremely rare in SHPT. This case is of interest due to the possible association between PEIT and parathyromatosis and distal lesions.
Multi‐organ dysfunction due to bath salts: are we aware of this entity?
Authors: Valsalan Rohith , Varghese Benoj , Soman Diya , Buckmaster Jonathan , Yew Steven , Cooper David
Published: January 2017

Methylenedioxypyrovalerone (MDPV) is a synthetic, cathinone‐derivative, central nervous system stimulant taken to produce a cocaine‐ or methamphetamine‐like high. Physical manifestations include tachycardia, hypertension, arrhythmias, hyperthermia, sweating, rhabdomyolysis, hyperkalaemia, disseminated intravascular coagulation, oliguria and seizures. We report a patient who presented with severe metabolic acidosis, multi‐organ dysfunction, rhabdomyolysis, hyperkalaemia and seizures. This case highlights that even though a urine drug screen for routine psychostimulant drugs is negative, clinicians need to be vigilant about the adverse effects of MDPV as a possible cause of multi‐organ dysfunction. Substances such as this can only be detected by special tests, such as gas/liquid chromatography mass spectrometry. This is the first reported case of MDPV toxicity successfully treated in Australia to the best of our knowledge.