bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Clinical Significance of Degree of Iliocaval Obstruction Based on Intravascular Ultrasound Use
Authors: Ali Sahar Hamdi , Khalil Mostafa Saad , Elbadawy Ahmed , Aboloyoun Hesham
Published: July 2024

Objective:

Endovenous therapy serves as the preferred treatment for patients with May–Thurner syndrome (MTS) who have significant symptoms. While stenting for MTS generally yields better results than for postthrombotic syndrome, it remains unclear whether the severity of stenosis specifically in MTS influences these outcomes. This study aims at assessing the effect of the degree of stenosis on endovascular therapy for MTS.

Methods:

The retrospective study included 73 patients who presented for deep venous stenting of the lower limb at a tertiary center between 2018 and 2022. Based on the intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) use, patients were divided into two groups according to degree of stenosis: 50%–80% and >80% stenosis. Both groups were compared regarding demographics, clinical presentations, procedural details, and postoperative outcomes.

Results:

Significant >80% stenosis was detected in 45.2% of cases. There was no significant difference regarding demographics and comorbidities except for body mass index (BMI) as patients with >80% stenosis were more likely to have higher BMI (P = 0.05). Patients with >80% stenosis were more likely to have a prior history of DVT (21.2% vs. 5%; P = 0.036). There was no statistical difference in the clinical picture of both groups except for higher rates of active venous ulcer in patients with >80% stenosis (21% vs. 5%: P =0.001). Patients with 50%–80% stenosis were more likely to present with atypical varicosities (50% vs. 21%; P = 0.011). Patients with >80% stenosis were more likely to have venographic features of stenosis as pelvic collateral and ascending lumbar veins (P = 0.0007 and P < 0.0001, respectively). After a mean clinical follow-up of 414.6 ± 587.5, primary patency was higher for the 50%–80% stenosis, 90.9% versus 74.4% (Log-rank test = 0.012).

Conclusion:

The severity of iliac vein stenosis/compression is associated with more advanced clinical presentations and more venographic signs of collateralizations. IVUS serves as a more sensitive tool than computed tomography venography in detecting left common iliac vein critical stenosis. More than 80% can serve as a proper cutoff point for critical venous stenosis that warrants more aggressive therapy and closer follow-up. A critical degree of stenosis was associated with lower patency rates when compared to 50%–80% stenosis.
Genetic polymorphism and immunological evaluation of PD-1 in Iraqi patients with acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: Mahmood Aseel S.
Published: July 2024

PD-1 has a noteworthy function in developing acute myeloid leukemia (AML). The expression of PD-1 on effector T cells is regulated at the protein level depending on the interactions between cells. The objective of the study was to evaluate the PD-1 concentration levels and the polymorphism genetic variants (rs36084323 G/A) in Iraqi Arab patients with AML. Sanger’s DNA sequencing was used, and the assessments were done by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and PD-1 gene polymorphism SNP rs36084323 G/A. The frequency of rs36084323 was significantly different between AML and control, with a lower risk for AML seen in patients with GA genotype (odds ratio; 95% confidence interval: 0.53; 0.32–0.87). PD-1 elevated AML compared to control (213.1 pg/mL vs. 178.8 pg/mL). in AML patients, there is upregulation in PD-1, which indicates that PD-1 is a possible biomarker for AML. PD-1 rs36084323 G/A may have a role in AML risk.
Potential target and mechanism exploration from α-mangostin against triple-negative breast cancer: An in silico study
Authors: Rivaldo Rafly Mochamad , Chandra Paulus
Published: July 2024

Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is one of the most common types of serious breast cancer. Due to the absence of therapeutic hormone receptors, TNBC treatment generally involves chemotherapy which results in various side effects and resistance development. Herbal compounds, including α-mangostin, have shown potential anticancer effects against TNBC. However, rigorous screening is needed to uncover its mechanisms and characteristics. The aim of this study was to understand the molecular mechanism of α-mangostin against TNBC and its possible limitations. The study design used is an in si
lico study. The study involved database mining and compound characteristic analysis. Network pharmacology and molecular docking were also done to explore potential target and molecular mechanisms against TNBC. There was no statistical analysis conducted as this study relies on predefined algorithms and simulation models. Instead, a parameter threshold was used for each analysis to ensure its reliability. Prediction of Activity Spectra for Substances prediction and Gene Ontology–Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes enrichment predicted potential anticancer effects of α-mangostin through the regulation of enzyme activity and apoptotic pathway. Compound property predictions showed α-mangostin to have promising drug-likeness with sufficient bioavailability and low biodegradability. However, α-mangostin still has some potential limitations in water solubility and toxicity risks. Through network pharmacology, 75 potential target proteins of α-mangostin in TNBC cases were found. The top three most significant of which (AKT1, CTNNB1, and HSPAA91) were proven to bind with α-mangostin through molecular docking. Study results suggested α-mangostin to have a promising anticancer and chemopreventive activity with great drug-likeness and pharmacokinetic properties. It was revealed that α-mangostin can bind to key components in TNBC-related pathways, including AKT1, CTNNB1, and HSP90AA1 proteins. However, further experimental studies may be needed to verify its effectiveness as well as possible solubility and toxicity limitations.
Correlation of Gestational Age Sonographically Using Western Nomogram with That from Last Menstrual Period among North Bengal Population: An Overestimate or Underestimate
Authors: Dey Saikat Kumar , Kar Maitreyee , Sanga Aradhana , Baske Anupam
Published: July 2024

Context:

Pregnant women in India are often unable to recall the last menstruation period (LMP) and also present in the late trimester. In India, to determine the fetal age by ultrasonography (USG), Western nomogram is being used, but the racial and ethnic variation might lead to variation in estimation of fetal parameter.

Aim:

The aim of this study was to estimate the value of different fetal biometric parameters by USG and to compare it with Western nomogram like Hadlock’s.

Settings and Design:

This was a descriptive cross-sectional study.

Subjects and Methods:

The study was performed among 150 pregnant women in their second or third trimester following the inclusion and exclusion criteria.

Statistical Analysis Used:

The data were analyzed with Microsoft Excel and SPSS (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences) version 22.0.

Results:

51.33% of participants were in 29–37 weeks of pregnancy. A statistically significant high positive linear correlation within the estimates of different sonological parameters was found. The observed coefficient of correlation for different parameters was as follows: biparietal diameter (r = 0.968), head circumference (r = 0.963), abdominal circumference (r = 0.964), and femur length (r = 0.963). In the same gestational age (GA), Hadlock’s chart reported higher diameter(s)/length, and differences were noted to be statistically significant. GA estimated by Hadlock’s chart was found to be significantly lower than that of the GA determined from LMP.

Conclusion:

The biometric sonological fetal parameters in the present study were significantly different from the Hadlock’s chart which notes a considerably higher reading for the same GA, indicating that the probability of race, ethnicity, and sample size played a role.
Conjoint (Heteropagus) Twins: A Rare Entity (Case Series)
Authors: Dahiya Shuchita , Sinha Pooja , Mallik Roopa , Hiremath R. N. , Gautam Sarika , Shivangi
Published: July 2024

Conjoined twins have fascinated humankind throughout the centuries because of the rarity of this type of birth; however, conjoined twins have always been a challenge for physicians. Here, in this case series, we discuss five such interesting conjoint (heteropagus) twins cases which are a rare entity. Conjoined twins are associated with a high perinatal mortality; therefore, making an early diagnosis with ultrasonographic examination of conjoined twins gives the parents a chance to elect pregnancy termination.
Exposure to Violent Contexts and Psychosocial Functioning of Adolescents: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Malhi Prahbhjot , Bharti Bhavneet , Sidhu Manjit
Published: July 2024

Objective:

The aim is to examine the relationship between exposure to violence at home and at school on the psychosocial functioning of school-going adolescents.

Materials and Methods:

A total of 306 adolescents (mean = 15.28 years, standard deviation = 1.04) were recruited from two schools (one government and one private) in a North Indian city. A semi-structured form elicited information on demographic and socioeconomic variables and the extent to which students were exposed to violence at home and school. Based on the students’ responses to the victimization questions at home and school, they were categorized into four groups: those who faced overt and/or covert violence at both home and school; overt and/or covert violence only at home; overt and/or covert violence only at school; and those who faced no violence (control group). The preadolescent adjustment scale (PAAS) was used to assess the student’s self-reported adjustment at home, school, and with teachers, and peers. The main outcome measure was the self-reported total score on the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ).

Results:

Nearly one-fifth (20.3%) of the students’ total score on the SDQ was in the borderline or abnormal range. The students who had been exposed to one or more contexts of violence were significantly more likely to report higher total SDQ scores (χ² = 33.94, P = 0.0001) and show scores in the abnormal range on the subdomains of hyperactivity/inattention (χ² = 15.75, P = 0.015) and conduct problems (χ² = 27.70, P = 0.0001) on the SDQ. Stepwise multivariate linear regression analyses indicated that overall, 17.4% of the variance in the SDQ total difficulties score was explained by the total score on the index of violence score, adjustment score on the teacher subdomain of PAAS, and the age of the adolescent (F = 20.88, P = 0.0001).

Conclusions:

Exposure to violence in different settings plays a critical role in determining the mental health of adolescents. Professionals need to be sensitive to the issues of parenting, disciplining practices, and school connectedness with school teachers while working with adolescents.
Adjusted Adenovirus Molecular Epidemiology Pattern among the Children with Acute Gastroenteritis: A Study from a Tropical Country
Authors: Yasri Sora , Wiwanitkit Viroj
Published: July 2024

Background:

Acute viral gastroenteritis affects persons of all ages and is a common condition. The viral etiology of acute gastroenteritis (AGE) can induce long-term diarrhea in immunocompromised persons. Molecular techniques are extremely useful in the detection of viruses. In addition to functioning as diagnostic tools, molecular techniques are crucial for genetic characterization of co-circulating strains. The current gold standard is quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), which has been proved to be more specific than enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. However, there is growing concern that qPCR will result in a significant number of false negatives.

Methods:

The authors of this study investigate the function of intestinal adenoviruses in AGE and reassess the available data on enteric adenovirus molecular epidemiology in children in a tropical Indochina country.

Results:

The precise incidence rate in the studied tropical setting could be very high, according to the findings of this study. The adenovirus can be discovered in local children regardless of their age. Due to the high frequency of adenovirus in the stool samples of the examined children, regardless of AGE, the link between adenovirus and gastrointestinal disease in this condition should be thoroughly studied.

Conclusion:

While the most prevalent cause of AGE is adenovirus, there may be other infections that go unreported and misdiagnosed.
A Complicated Case of Central Nervous System Tuberculosis in an Immuno Competent 25 year old Female with Visual Hallucinations and Blindness: Lessons Learned from a Rare Entity
Authors: Kharb Aakanksha , Garg Sunny
Published: July 2024

Tuberculosis (TB) is a leading cause of the death in low-income countries, and central nervous system-TB (CNS-TB) is one of the most devastating variants of TB. A spectrum of symptoms can occur, ranging from nonspecific and heterogeneous to focal signs in the form of neurological complications. This case report describes a case of CNS-TB in a 25-year-old woman who presented with headache, fever, malaise, and generalized weakness of the lower extremities, followed by an unresponsive state. The patient was diagnosed with tubercular meningitis, and started on anti-tubercular therapy (ATT). Within days of inpatient treatment, the patient deteriorated rapidly, developing blindness with paraplegia and subsequently psychiatric symptoms in the form of visual hallucinations. Psychiatric symptoms were completely resolved with short-term treatment with antipsychotics. The patient had an uneventful recovery with the help of ATT and psychological support sessions, and had regular follow-ups for the next 8 months. This case focused on the differential diagnostic propensities of the index subject, who presented with CNS-TB (on ATT), visual hallucinations, and blindness during the inpatient stay. A clinician must be aware of unusual presentation of CNS-TB and other different causes of visual hallucinations for early diagnosis and prompt treatment of the patient.
Heavy Metals and the Condition Factor of Farfantepenaeus notialis in a Tropical Brackish Water
Authors: Ajibare Adefemi O. , Olawusi-Peters Olaronke O. , Ogungbile Peter O.
Published: July 2024

This study investigated the concentration of six metals in the cephalothorax and abdomen of Farfantepenaeus notialis in relation to its condition factor. The metal concentrations were determined using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer. The relationship between heavy metals and condition factor was determined through correlation and regression analyses while T test was used to compare the metal concentration in abdomen and cephalothorax. Allometric growth patterns were observed in the species, with K factors from 0.47 to 0.57. The bio-accumulation of metals was found to be in the following order: Zn>Fe>Mn>Cu>Pb>Cd. Cd, Pb, Cu, and Mn had higher concentrations in the abdomen, while Zn and Fe had higher concentrations in the cephalothorax. In addition, the Fe and Mn level was significantly higher than the Federal Environmental Protection Agency`s recommended limit. In both seasons, Pb in the abdomen was the only element that had a significant relationship with shrimp`s condition factor, but Manganese in the abdomen and Zinc in the cephalothorax had a significant relationship with shrimp condition factor in the wet season. Thus, the study area should be closely monitored in order to reduce the risks posed to the aquatic ecosystem and human population that relies on it for water and fish supplies.
Cryoprotective Agents to Improve the Quality of Tambaqui Surimi (Colossoma macropomum)
Authors: Rezende-de-Souza Jonatã Henrique , Cassol Geodriane Zatta , de Moraes-Neto Venancio Ferreira , dos Santos Fogaça Fabíola Helena , Bortolini Juliano , Savay-da-Silva Luciana Kimie
Published: July 2024

One major method in fish processing to maximize utilization is through surimi preparation, extensively used in various products. To ensure desired organoleptic qualities, cryoprotective agents are crucial. This study aimed to evaluate the production potential of Amazon fish surimi prepared with different blends of cryoprotectants: CF (no cryoprotectant), S1 (2% sodium chloride, 1% sucrose), S2 (8% sorbitol, 0.5% sodium tripolyphosphate), and S3 (8% sucrose, 8% sorbitol, 0.5% sodium tripolyphosphate). Proximal composition and techno-functional properties were assessed. Moisture content (<79%) indicated excellent quality across all treatments. S2 had high protein (17.91%) and low lipid content, second only to S3. Increasing cryoprotectant concentration led to higher carbohydrate content and energy value. Color differences were insignificant except for luminosity (L*) influenced by sucrose in S1. Cryoprotectant treatments showed no significant texture or water retention differences, displaying a bending profile well-suited for the product. Univariate statistics and Principal Component Analysis concluded S2 blend as most suitable for tambaqui surimi (Colossoma macropomum) production regarding final nutritional and techno-functional gel characteristics.
Nutrient Content of the Invasive Arapaima gigas (Osteoglossiformes) in Bolivia
Authors: Carvajal-Vallejos Fernando M. , Carolsfeld Joachim , Van Damme Paul A. , Montellano Selva V.
Published: July 2024

The Paiche or Paichi (tentatively identified as Arapaima gigas) is an introduced species and one of the most important fisheries resources in Bolivia. Its meat has characteristics that have facilitated its commercialization in the main cities of the country. The objective of this work was to describe the nutritional quality of its meat sold in the city of Riberalta (Beni), the main supplier of Paiche meat to inland markets. Tissue samples were collected from the dorsal, abdominal and caudal areas (n=3; 800 g) from three medium-sized specimens (81.6 cm average total length, aproximately 8 kg). Results showed that Paiche meat is rich in proteins (20%), but low in total fats and carbohydrates (0.81 and 0.67%, respectively). The fat-soluble and water-soluble vitamins were low, with values less than 0.027 mg 100 g-1; except vitamin E (average 1.198 mg 100 g-1). Seven fatty acids were found in the abdominal portion, five in the dorsal portion, and none in the caudal portion. Linoleic Acid (Omega 6) was found only in the abdomen. Its regular consumption in the diet is recommended. Studies are needed to see how nutritional value is affected by food preparation for consumption and to assess mercury content.
The Short-term Exposure Effect of Chlorpyrifos (20% EC) on Haematological, Biochemical and Histopathological Response of Striped Catfish Pangasianodon hypophthalmus
Authors: Chhaba Bhagchand , Dhamagaye H. B. , Pawase A.S. , Sapkale P. H. , Chavan B. R. , Meshram S. J. , Kokate Monali , Goud E. Arun
Published: July 2024

An experiment of acute toxicity was conducted to find out the lethal concentration 50 (LC50) of chloropyrifos (CPF) for Pangasianodon hypophthalmus. Our findings indicated that the 96-h LC50 value of CPF for P. hypophthalmus was 0.106 mg L-1. Effects of different concentrations of CPF (0.09, 0.1, 0.11, 0.12, and 0.13 mg L-1) for 96-h on hemato-biochemical, enzyme and histological effects were evaluated in this study. Acute exposure induced significant differences in enzymes acid phosphatase, alkaline phosphatase, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase and acetylcholine of blood serum of the treated group as compared to control group. However, significant decreases in serum total protein, globulin, albumin, and triglycerides levels while serum glucose enhanced with consequent increasing doses of CPF exposure. Also, CPF induced significant declines in RBC count, haemoglobin and hematocrit level whereas the exposure groups showed significant rises in WBC and blood indices levels as compared to control group. Furthermore, CPF exposure causes gill curling, epithelium lifting, necrosis, and lamellae degeneration. Hemosiderin, sinusoid dilations, necrosis, malanomacrophage, hepatocyte hypertrophy were observed in liver histology. Reduction of lumen tubule, hyperplasia, increased bowman space and degenerations were seen in kidney. Overall findings indicates that the acute CPF exposure to P. hypophthalmus resulted in significant adverse changes in biochemical, hematological, and histopathological response.
Otolith Shape Analysis of Five Sillaginidae Species from the Persian Gulf and the Oman Sea
Authors: Barani Hashem Khandan , Alavi-Yeganeh Mohammad Sadegh , Bakhtiari Alireza Riyahi , Ghanbarifardi Mehdi
Published: July 2024

The discrimination power of sagittal otolith shape analysis is evaluated for five closely related sillaginid species from the Persian Gulf and the Oman Sea; (Sillago arabica, Sillago attenuata, Sillago indica, Sillago sihama and Sillaginopodys chondropus) besides the description of morphological characters using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The identification of sillaginids is difficult due to the limited reliable diagnostic morphological characters. The otolith shape was described by six shape indices (Roundness, Rectangularity, Circularity, Ellipticity, Form factor and Aspect ratio) and Elliptic Fourier Descriptors (EFD). For all shape indices, there was at least an overlap between the two species and no one was significantly different among the five species. Based on EFD analysis all five species were discriminated (91.7%) evidencing the high taxonomic value of sagittal otolith for the studied taxa. SEM images revealed sulcus acusticus as homosulcoid with an inframedian position in all five species. S. arabica and S. sihama are characterized by having a pseudo-ostiocaudal, while S. indica, S. attenuate and Sillaginopodys chondropus have ostial mode of opening. The ostium was tubular and slightly curved in all studied species, which was more strongly curved in S. arabica. These findings suggest that the sagittal otolith shape is a reliable tool to recognize inter-specific diagnosis for sillginid species in the Persian Gulf and Oman Sea.
A Novel Multi-epitope Vaccine Based on Virulence Stimulating Two-component Protein EsrA Against Fish Pathogenic Edwardsiella tarda – An Immunoinformatic Approach
Authors: Gunasekara Chathura Wikumpriya , Rajapaksha LGTG , Madhuranga WSP
Published: July 2024

Edwardsiellosis, caused by the gram-negative pathogen Edwardsiella tarda, is a major global aquaculture threat. Despite vaccination being a potential strategy, development of effective vaccines remains a challenge. The study aimed to develop a multi-epitope vaccine (EsrAmev) against virulent EsrA antigen in fish pathogenic E. tarda using an immunoinformatic approach. The study identified antigenic, non-allergenic, and nontoxic epitopes for cytotoxic T lymphocytes, helper T-lymphocytes, and linear Blymphocytes. They were combined to create the EsrAmev construct, with TLR4 agonist added for the immunogenicity. The physiochemical analysis of EsrAmev by ProtParam server showed a molecular weight of 29 kDa, an antigenicity score of 0.5966, and a solubility of 0.823563 with immunogenic, non-allergenic and non-toxic properties. Robetta, Mod, and Galaxy refiner servers refined the EsrAmev 3D structure, achieving 97.4% RAMA-favoured region, stable interactions, binding stability, and structural stiffness with TLR4 receptor. The EsrAmev construct, optimized for high immune responses in Escherichia coli K12 model, was successfully cloned into the pET28a (+) vector in silico for future wet lab applications. These findings suggests that the EsrAmev multi-epitope vaccine might have potential for the prophylaxis of E.tardacausing Fish Edwardsiellosis.
Bioaccumulation of Heavy Metals in Cetaceans and Fish from the Bulgarian Black Sea Coast
Authors: Zaharieva Zornitsa
Published: July 2024

The accumulation of heavy metals in animal tissues is an important factor in monitoring the health of any marine ecosystem, and the Black Sea is no exception. The use of aquatic organisms as bioindicators of heavy metal pollution is common in studies, and molluscs and fish are some of the most used indicators, unlike cetaceans, which are not common. The objective of the present study is to determine the accumulation of five heavy metals (Pb, Cd, Zn, Cu, Ni) in the living tissues of three cetacean species, six fish species part of the cetacean diet, and seawater of the Bulgarian Black Sea coast. Heavy metal concentrations were analyzed using an Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry and the results were used to calculate the bioaccumulation factor (BCF) and the biomagnification factor (BMF). The results are analyzed in a comparative plan between the northern and southern part of the Bulgarian coast. In all biota samples, the concentration of Zn was the highest. No statistical differences were found between fish and cetacean samples from the two study areas. Cetaceans have a higher BCF for Cd, while fish for Pb, and the BMF for cetaceans was confirmed for the elements Cd and Zn.
Unshielded facility testbed for electromagnetic wave attenuation using absorber slabs
Authors: Hyoung Chang‐Hee , Hwang Jung‐Hwan , Kwon Jong Hwa
Published: July 2024

This paper presents a testbed for unshielded facilities utilizing planar electromagnetic absorbers. These slabs demonstrate comparable shielding effectiveness to that of reinforced concrete in the frequency range from 1 GHz to 6 GHz. The testbed serves as a platform for developing a measurement method to assess unshielded facilities. It can be configured with different materials that have various levels of shielding effectiveness. We evaluate the shielding effectiveness of the absorber slab and extract its electromagnetic parameters. The testbed is implemented in a semi‐anechoic chamber with inner dimensions of 3.00 × 3.06 × 2.50 m3. The electromagnetic wave attenuation for the unshielded facilities is defined as the ratio of received power within the assessment space relative to the incident power. The measurement results provide quantitative information on the attenuation of electromagnetic waves within unshielded facilities. The testbed configured with two types of incident planes is evaluated and compared with the mean attenuation and distribution characteristics.
Impact of immunotherapy on liver metastasis
Authors: Fu Zhuo , Wang Ming-Wei , Liu Ya-Hui , Jiao Yan
Published: July 2024

This editorial discusses the article “Analysis of the impact of immunotherapy efficacy and safety in patients with gastric cancer and liver metastasis” published in the latest edition of the World Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery . Immunotherapy has achieved outstanding success in tumor treatment. However, the presence of liver metastasis (LM) restrains the efficacy of immunotherapy in various tumors, including lung cancer, colorectal cancer, renal cell carcinoma, melanoma, and gastric cancer. A decrease in CD8+ T cells and nature killer cells, along with an increase in macrophages and regulatory T cells, was observed in the microenvironment of LM, leading to immunotherapy resistance. More studies are necessary to determine the best strategy for enhancing the effectiveness of immunotherapy in patients with LM.
Retrospective analysis based on a clinical grading system for patients with hepatic hemangioma: A single center experience
Authors: Zhou Cheng-Ming , Cao Jun , Chen Shao-Ke , Tuxun Tuerhongjiang , Apaer Shadike , Wu Jing , Zhao Jin-Ming , Wen Hao
Published: July 2024

BACKGROUND

The optimal approach for managing hepatic hemangioma is controversial.

AIM

To evaluate a clinical grading system for management of hepatic hemangioma based on our 17-year of single institution experience.

METHODS

A clinical grading system was retrospectively applied to 1171 patients with hepatic hemangioma from January 2002 to December 2018. Patients were classified into four groups based on the clinical grading system and treatment: (1) Observation group with score < 4 (Obs score < 4); (2) Surgical group with score < 4 (Sur score < 4); (3) Observation group with score ≥ 4 (Obs score ≥ 4); and (4) Surgical group with score ≥ 4 (Sur score ≥ 4). The clinico-pathological index and outcomes were evaluated.

RESULTS

There were significantly fewer symptomatic patients in surgical groups (Sur score ≥ 4 vs Obs score ≥ 4, P < 0.001; Sur score < 4 vs Obs score < 4, χ ² = 8.60, P = 0.004; Sur score ≥ 4 vs Obs score < 4, P < 0.001). The patients in Sur score ≥ 4 had a lower rate of in need for intervention and total patients with adverse event than in Obs score ≥ 4 (P < 0.001; P < 0.001). Nevertheless, there was no significant difference in need for intervention and total patients with adverse event between the Sur score < 4 and Obs score < 4 (P > 0.05; χ ² = 1.68, P > 0.05).

CONCLUSION

This clinical grading system appeared as a practical tool for hepatic hemangioma. Surgery can be suggested for patients with a score ≥ 4. For those with < 4, follow-up should be proposed.
Spleen volume is associated with overt hepatic encephalopathy after transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt in patients with portal hypertension
Authors: Zhao Chun-Juan , Ren Chao , Yuan Zhen , Bai Guo-Hui , Li Jin-Yu , Gao Long , Li Jin-Hui , Duan Ze-Qi , Feng Dui-Ping , Zhang Hui
Published: July 2024

BACKGROUND

Portal shunt and immune status related to the spleen are related to the occurrence of hepatic encephalopathy (HE). It is unknown whether spleen volume before transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) is related to postoperative HE.

AIM

To investigate the relationship between spleen volume and the occurrence of HE.

METHODS

This study included 135 patients with liver cirrhosis who underwent TIPS, and liver and spleen volumes were elevated upon computed tomography imaging. The Kaplan-Meier curve was used to compare the difference in the incidence rate of HE among patients with different spleen volumes. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses were performed to identify the factors affecting overt HE (OHE). Restricted cubic spline was used to examine the shapes of the dose-response association between spleen volumes and OHE risk.

RESULTS

The results showed that 37 (27.2%) of 135 patients experienced OHE during a 1-year follow-up period. Compared with preoperative spleen volume (901.30 ± 471.90 cm3), there was a significant decrease in spleen volume after TIPS (697.60 ± 281.0 cm3) in OHE patients. As the severity of OHE increased, the spleen volume significantly decreased (P < 0.05) . Compared with patients with a spleen volume ≥ 782.4 cm3, those with a spleen volume < 782.4 cm3 had a higher incidence of HE (P < 0.05). Cox regression analysis showed that spleen volume was an independent risk factor for post-TIPS OHE (hazard ratio = 0.494, P < 0.05). Restricted cubic spline model showed that with an increasing spleen volume, OHE risk showed an initial increase and then decrease (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSION

Spleen volume is related to the occurrence of OHE after TIPS. Preoperative spleen volume is an independent risk factor for post-TIPS OHE.
Therapeutic effects of Buzhong Yiqi decoction in patients with spleen and stomach qi deficiency after routine surgery and chemotherapy for colorectal cancer
Authors: Hu Qi , Chen Xiao-Pin , Tang Zhi-Jun , Zhu Xue-Yuan , Liu Chun
Published: July 2024

BACKGROUND

According to the theory of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), the spleen and stomach are the basis of acquired nature and the source of qi and blood biochemistry. After surgery and chemotherapy, patients with colorectal cancer often develop spleen and stomach qi deficiency syndrome, leading to decreased immune function. Buzhong Yiqi decoction, a classic TCM prescription, has the effect of tonifying middle-jiao and invigorating qi, boosting Yang, and suppressing immune-related inflammation. Moreover, it is widely used in the treatment of spleen and stomach qi deficiency syndrome.

AIM

To investigate the effect of Buzhong Yiqi decoction on spleen and stomach qi deficiency in patients with colorectal cancer.

METHODS

One hundred patients with colorectal cancer who underwent preoperative chemotherapy and laparoscopy at The First TCM Hospital of Changde from January 2022 to October 2023 were retrospectively analyzed. The patients were divided equally into control and observation groups. Both groups underwent conventional rehabilitation surgery, and the observation group was supplemented with Buzhong Yiqi decoction. SPSS 26.0 was used for statistical analyses. The χ 2 test was used for univariate analysis; independent sample t -tests were used in all cases.

RESULTS

No significant differences were observed preoperatively in the general characteristics of the two groups. Fourteen days post-surgery, the abdominal distension, emaciation, loose stool, loss of appetite, and vomiting scores were significantly lower in the observation group than in the control group (P < 0.05). Immune function and interleukin (IL)-10 levels in the observation group were significantly higher than those of the control group, whereas IL-6, tumor necrosis factor-α, and C-reactive protein levels, tumor biological indexes, and adverse reactions in the observation group were significantly lower than those of the control group (P < 0.05). One month after surgery, the patients’ quality of life in the observation group was significantly higher than that of the patients in the control group (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSION

Buzhong Yiqi decoction can regulate inflammatory responses and metabolic processes by enhancing immune function, thereby promoting overall immune nutrition and restoring the body’s balance.
Influencing factors and risk prediction model for emergence agitation after general anesthesia for primary liver cancer
Authors: Song Shu-Shu , Lin Li , Li Li , Han Xiao-Dong
Published: July 2024

BACKGROUND

General anesthesia is commonly used in the surgical management of gastrointestinal tumors; however, it can lead to emergence agitation (EA). EA is a common complication associated with general anesthesia, often characterized by behaviors, such as crying, struggling, and involuntary limb movements in patients. If treatment is delayed, there is a risk of incision cracking and bleeding, which can significantly affect surgical outcomes. Therefore, having a proper understanding of the factors influencing the occurrence of EA and implementing early preventive measures may reduce the incidence of agitation during the recovery phase from general anesthesia, which is beneficial for improving patient prognosis.

AIM

To analyze influencing factors and develop a risk prediction model for EA occurrence following general anesthesia for primary liver cancer.

METHODS

Retrospective analysis of clinical data from 200 patients who underwent hepatoma resection under general anesthesia at Wenzhou Central Hospital (January 2020 to December 2023) was conducted. Post-surgery, the Richmond Agitation-Sedation Scale was used to evaluate EA presence, noting EA incidence after general anesthesia. Patients were categorized by EA presence postoperatively, and the influencing factors were analyzed using logistic regression. A nomogram-based risk prediction model was constructed and evaluated for differentiation and fit using receiver operating characteristics and calibration curves.

RESULTS

EA occurred in 51 (25.5%) patients. Multivariate analysis identified advanced age, American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) grade III, indwelling catheter use, and postoperative pain as risk factors for EA (P < 0.05). Conversely, postoperative analgesia was a protective factor against EA (P < 0.05). The area under the curve of the nomogram was 0.972 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.947-0.997] for the training set and 0.979 (95%CI: 0.951-1.000) for the test set. Hosmer-Lemeshow test showed a good fit (χ 2 = 5.483, P = 0.705), and calibration curves showed agreement between predicted and actual EA incidence.

CONCLUSION

Age, ASA grade, catheter use, postoperative pain, and analgesia significantly influence EA occurrence. A nomogram constructed using these factors demonstrates strong predictive accuracy.
Construction of prognostic markers for gastric cancer and comprehensive analysis of pyroptosis-related long non-coding RNAs
Authors: Wang Yu , Li Di , Xun Jing , Wu Yu , Wang Hong-Lei
Published: July 2024

BACKGROUND

China's most frequent malignancy is gastric cancer (GC), which has a very poor survival rate, and the survival rate for patients with advanced GC is dismal. Pyroptosis has been connected to the genesis and development of cancer. The function of pyroptosis-related long non-coding RNAs (PRLs) in GC, on the other hand, remains uncertain.

AIM

To explore the construction and comprehensive analysis of the prognostic characteristics of long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) related to pyroptosis in GC patients.

METHODS

The TCGA database provided us with 352 stomach adenocarcinoma samples, and we obtained 28 pyroptotic genes from the Reactome database. We examined the correlation between lncRNAs and pyroptosis using the Pearson correlation coefficient. Prognosis-related PRLs were identified through univariate Cox analysis. A predictive signature was constructed using stepwise Cox regression analysis, and its reliability and independence were assessed. To facilitate clinical application, a nomogram was created based on this signature. we analyzed differences in immune cell infiltration, immune function, and checkpoints between the high-risk group (HRG) and low-risk group (LRG).

RESULTS

Five hundred and twenty-three PRLs were screened from all lncRNAs (absolute correlation coefficient > 0.4, P < 0.05). Nine PRLs were included in the risk prediction signature that was created through stepwise Cox regression analysis. We determined the risk score for GC patients and employed the median value as the dividing line between HRG and LRG. The ability of the risk signature to predict the overall survival (OS) of GC is demonstrated by the Kaplan-Meier analysis, risk curve, receiver operating characteristic curve, and decision curve analysis curve. The risk signature was shown to be an independent prognostic factor for OS in both univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses. HRG showed a more efficient local immune response or modulation compared to LRG, as indicated by the predicted signal pathway analysis and examination of immune cell infiltration, function, and checkpoints (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSION

In general, we have created a brand-new prognostic signature using PRLs, which may provide ideas for immunotherapy in patients with GC.
Revolutionizing palliative care: Electrocautery-enhanced lumen-apposing metal stents in endoscopic-ultrasound-guided biliary drainage for malignant obstructions
Authors: Onteddu Nirmal Kumar Reddy , Mareddy Naga Sai Rasagna , Vulasala Sai Swarupa R , Onteddu Jayabharath , Virarkar Mayur
Published: July 2024

Patients with malignant biliary obstruction, following endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) failure could be referred for endoscopic-ultrasound-guided biliary drainage through electrocautery-enhanced (ECE) lumen-apposing metal stent (LAMS) placement. However, the efficacy and safety of ECE-LAMS in this scenario have remained debatable due to minimal scientific evidence. The current confirmed 91.0% clinical success, 96.7% technical success, 7.3% reintervention rate, and 17.5% adverse events, following the treatment of malignant biliary obstruction with ECE-LAMS delivery. Finally, ECE-LAMS proved to be a generalizable strategy for managing biliary obstruction for patients who were excluded from ERCP.
Preservation of superior rectal artery in laparoscopic colectomy: The best choice for slow transit constipation?
Authors: Liu Yi-Lei , Liu Wei-Cheng
Published: July 2024

Laparoscopic colectomy with ileorectal anastomosis may be beneficial for patients with slow transit constipation who do not respond to conservative treatment, particularly if the superior rectal artery (SRA) is preserved. Several important concerns have been addressed in this commentary. It is important to first go over the definition of surgical procedure as it is used in this text. Second, the current study lacked a control group that had SRA preservation. Thirdly, it would be best to use a prospective, randomized controlled study. Lastly, a description of the mesenteric defect’s state following a laparoscopic colectomy is necessary.
ZIF-67/natural coal gangue composite as hydrogen peroxide activator for tetracycline hydrochloride degradation in water
Authors: Wan Hongyou , Yang Luqi , Wang Chen , Li Xinru , Zhang Wei , Gong Lin
Published: July 2024

The advanced oxidation process based on hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) can effectively degrade tetracycline hydrochloride (TC). The key to activating H2O2 for the degradation of organic pollutants lies in the exploration of efficient and cost-effective catalysts. Natural coal gangue (CG), a byproduct of coal mining, holds potential for use in catalytic oxidation of pollutants. Zeolitic imidazolate framework-67 (ZIF-67) is commonly employed to activate sulfate systems, serving as a highly efficient Co-based heterogeneous catalyst that promotes the generation of strong oxidation species. However, there has been no relevant research on using CG to load ZIF-67 for the activation of H2O2 in pollutant degradation. In this study, ZIF-67/CG catalysts were prepared, with ZIF-67 and CG serving as precursors for the highly efficient activation of H2O2. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) confirmed that ZIF-67/CG possesses a favorable ability to activate H2O2. The results revealed that the degradation efficiency of TC in the ZIF-67/CG/H2O2 system reached 82.8% within 60 minutes. Radical quenching experiments, electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) analysis, and an analysis of the degradation mechanism identified that ･OH and 1O2 played major roles in TC degradation.
Increasing the Motivation of Prospective Teachers: Exploration of the Use of ChatGPT in Developing Mathematics Teaching Materials Independent
Authors: Yulia Putri , Nasution Eline Yanty Putri , Deswita Ria , Casanova Anriany
Published: July 2024

Teachers in Indonesia have limitations in developing teaching materials. The aim of this research is to explore the use of ChatGPT in developing mathematics teaching materials for the independent learning curriculum in Indonesia. This type of research is quantitative descriptive with a sample of 15 students. The instruments used in this research were motivation questionnaires, observation sheets, documentation, and interviews. The results of this research are steps for using ChatGPT in developing teaching materials, including developing needs analysis instruments, searching for teaching material materials, and searching for teaching material designs with the help of ChatGPT. The use of ChatGPT in developing teaching materials is very helpful and easy, providing time and energy efficiency as well as extensive information for prospective teacher students. However, the use of ChatGPT in developing teaching materials also has disadvantages, including not always being able to understand more specific learning contexts, resulting in errors in understanding or being irrelevant. Another thing that is felt is the limitations of the images displayed by ChatGPT. The motivation of prospective teacher students in developing teaching materials using ChatGPT was obtained by 13 people who had medium and high motivation, while 2 people had low motivation.
Effectiveness of Psychoeducational Programs for Caregivers of Family Members with Chronic Disease: A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Kucukkaragoz Hadiye , Ilgaz Ayca
Published: July 2024

This research aims to evaluate the effectiveness of psychoeducational programs in Turkey to reduce the stress of caring for people with chronic illnesses. The psychological, emotional, and physical demands on caregivers, often leading to stress and burnout, underscore the need for such programs. Nine papers were included in a meta-analysis, and statistical analysis was conducted using JASP 0.12.2.0 software. The results showed that psychoeducational therapies significantly reduced caregivers' perceived load, supporting their inclusion in routine treatment for chronic illnesses. The research emphasizes the role of psychoeducational interventions in improving the experience of providing care by providing vital information, coping skills, and emotional support mechanisms. This can lead to better health outcomes and a higher quality of life for those with chronic illnesses. The report also underscores the need for caregiver support policies and programs in healthcare, acknowledging their crucial role in the healthcare ecosystem. Further research is needed to improve the design and content of psychoeducational programs to meet caregivers' diverse needs in various settings. This meta-analysis provides strong evidence of the benefits of psychoeducational programs in reducing stress and laying the groundwork for future studies and policy formulation to support caregiver support in chronic disease treatment.
Measuring University Staff Mobility Impact in Higher Education
Authors: Valtins Karlis , Sarma Zane Emilija
Published: July 2024

The paper addresses an issue within the field of higher education that has been discussed since the inception of the Erasmus mobility programme in 1987 - how to properly measure the impact of the staff mobility (academic and administrative). Students have a clear roadmap when it comes to the mobility practice and impact assessment but when it comes to staff mobility, impact assessment is less clear. For academic staff mobility, certain metrics can be used to objectively assess outcomes, but when it comes to the administrative staff, matters become more abstract as there are no widely used common metrics. This paper proposes a tool – the Mobility Matrix, that allows to measure the staff mobility impact using quantitative and qualitative data. The Mobility Matrix offers 10 characteristics of the mobility period that can be assessed at 3 levels for the quantitative part and three text fields for the qualitative part. This tool was tested at Riga Technical University (2023) for the assessment of the staff mobility impact. If the staff member provides credible and accurate data, the Mobility Matrix has the potential to become a common practice in higher education, allowing for new recognition mechanisms of staff mobility to emerge.