bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Expert Systems for Psychiatric Pharmacotherapy
Authors: Stein Dan J , Patterson Robert , Hollander Eric
Published: May 2014

Expert systems attempt to articulate the way in which the expert views problems, and to model the processes by which the expert comes to make decisions.
Clinical and Biological Correlates of Treatment-Resistant Depression: An Overview
Authors: Hornig-Rohan Mädy , Amsterdam Jay D
Published: May 2014

Research efforts are increasingly being directed toward the development of reliable biologic markers that may assist in the early identification of the potential for TRD.
Clinical Manifestations and Treatment of Retinoblastoma in Kobe Children’s Hospital for 16 Years
Authors: Okimoto Satoshi , Nomura Koji
Published: May 2014

Purpose:

To report the clinical manifestations and therapeutic outcomes of retinoblastoma during 16 years.

Methods:

Forty-three eyes of 34 patients with retinoblastoma from 1996 to 2011 were retrospectively examined for eye preservation rates based on the disease stage, and the treatment outcomes between monocular and binocular cases were compared. In addition, the relationship between age at initial examination and disease stage and the difference of age at enucleation with or without preservation therapy were examined.

Results:

Twenty-five patients had monocular retinoblastoma and 9 patients had binocular retinoblastoma. Three patients had a family history of retinoblastoma. The mean observation period was 106.6 ± 53.0 months. Median age at initial examination was 13.5 months. There was no correlation between age at initial examination and disease stage. Preservation therapy was performed for 24 eyes. Nineteen eyes were enucleated without performing preservation therapy. There was a significant difference in age at enucleation between the preservation therapy group (finally enucleated 13 eyes, median = 30.0 months) and the non-preservation therapy group (19 eyes, median = 13.0 months). Eye preservation rates according to the International Classification of Retinoblastoma (ICRB) were as follows: 100% for group B, 100% for group C, 33% for group D, and 0% for group E. In eyes with ICRB group D, the ratio of induction with preservation therapy was 50% of monocular cases and 75% of binocular cases.

Conclusions:

Preservation therapy was able to significantly delay enucleation. Eye preservation therapy was performed for a higher proportion of advanced cases among binocular cases than among monocular cases.

[J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus 2014;51(4):222–229.]
NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF THE EFFECT OF VENOUS NEEDLE'S FLOW ON FLOW PARAMETERS OF HEMODIALYSIS GRAFT AND ITS HEMODYNAMIC CONSEQUENCES
Authors: Niroomand-Oscuii H. , Meghdadi N.
Published: May 2014

Arterio-Venous (AV) grafts which are used for hemodialysis, frequently develop intimal hyperplasia (IH) in venous anastomosis and ultimately leads to graft failure which is the major cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with the end stage renal disease (ESRD). Although the high AV access blood flow has been implicated in the pathogenesis of graft stenosis, the potential role of needle turbulence during hemodialysis is relatively unexplored. In the current study, a numerical survey is carried out to investigate the effect of venous needle's flow on hemodynamic parameters of the flow inside a hemodialysis graft. Two cases include the individual graft flow and the graft flow combined with a needle flow which both of them are evaluated and their results are compared to the cell morphology are represented in this research. Blood is considered as an incompressible Newtonian fluid with density of 1050 [Kg/(m3)] and dynamic viscosity of 0.0035 [Pa.s] and the graft was considered as a rigid vessel due to its low compliance. Flow rates were considered 500 and 100 [mL/min] as inlet conditions of the graft and the needle, respectively. Results show that the presence of the needle's flow causes to increase the amount of shear stress and nonuniformity of the shear stress distribution on the graft wall, where the cell alignment is lost in the presence of needle flow. These findings suggest the presence of potential relationship between venous needle flow during hemodialysis and endothelial dysfunction which may lead to vascular injury and graft failure.
A NOVEL FOAMY COLLAGEN AS A DURAL SUBSTITUTE
Authors: Liao Chun-Jen , Wang Wen-Hsi , Liang Huang-Chien , Su Yi-Chun , Hsu Pei-Chi , Wang Yu-Ming , Tsai Yi-Hsin , Chen Yun , Tseng Sheng-Hong
Published: May 2014

This study developed an innovative foamy collagen dural substitute. The foamy collagen was prepared by mixing collagen hydrogel and high-pressure oxygen in a stainless steel bottle as a container. A foamy collagen with 101 ± 43 μm in pore size and 50.5 ± 5.1% in porosity formed after release from the container. In the results of the in vitro degradation experiment, foamy collagen degraded slower than the commercially available DuraGen treated with 5 units/mL of collagenase solution. DuraGen degraded completely within three hours and foamy collagen had 39.2% (mean) of its original mass remaining 24 h after immersing in collagenase solution. The oxygen bubble structure was immobilized by the collagen fibrillogenesis and remained intact 3 and 7 days after subcutaneous implantation of the foamy collagen in rats, without any escape or merge of the oxygen bubbles. Fibrous tissue proliferated along the porous structure from the edge of the foamy collagen according to the histology analysis of subcutaneous implantation experiment in rats. The results of in vivo rabbit duraplasty experiment showed that the regenerated dura in foamy collagen group was thicker than that in DuraGen group, and was comparable to the native dura mater, without causing any adverse effects, such as intracranial pressure increase or cerebrospinal fluid leakage.
Effects of trap height, location, and spacing on pheromone-baited trap catch efficacy for oriental fruit moths (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) in a peach orchard
Authors: Kong W.N. , Hu R.S. , Zhao Z.G. , Li J. , Zhang Z.W. , Li S.C. , Ma R.Y.
Published: May 2014

The establishment of standardised methods for monitoring the oriental fruit moth Grapholitha molesta (Busck) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) requires the identification of factors that significantly affect trap catch efficacy. We examined the effects of trap height, trap location, and inter-trap spacing on trap catches in a conventional peach orchard. Traps were placed at heights of up to 3.0 m above the ground and sets of nine traps were positioned in grids with inter-trap distances of 10–50 m to determine the optimum trap height, location, and spacing. Traps were checked daily over 10 days for males during four periods corresponding to peak moth flight. Moth catches were higher when traps were placed toward the tops (2.5 m) and outside the canopy (3.0 m). Moth catches in traps located upwind and outside tended to be higher than in the central trap for all inter-trap distances. When inter-trap distances were shorter than 30 m, interference between traps occurred. Our results provide an efficient trap distribution for monitoring G. molesta in peach orchards.
The relationship between acceptable noise level and electrophysiologic auditory brainstem and cortical signal to noise ratios
Authors: Shetty Hemanth N. , Mahadev Sankalapa , Veeresh Devamma
Published: May 2014

The following objectives of the study were formulated: i) to investigate differences in measured signal to noise ratios while recording speech-evoked auditory brainstem response (cABR) and cortical late latency response (LLR) in low and high acceptable noise level (ANL) groups; and ii) to compare peak to peak amplitude of cABR (V-A) and LLR (N1-P2) in low and high ANL groups. A total of 23 normal hearing participants was included in the study. One shot replicative and partly exploratory research design was utilized to study the effect of signal to noise ratio in a recorded waveform on afferent mechanism, assessed by cABR and LLR on participants having values of ANL of ≤7 (low ANL group) and ≥13 (high ANL group). There were no differences in signal to noise ratio in the recorded waveforms of cABR and LLR between low and high ANL groups at both brainstem and cortical levels. However, the peak to peak amplitude of V-A of cABR and N1-P2 of LLR were both statistically larger in the high ANL group compared to their counterpart. The signal to noise ratio in recorded waveforms did not differentiated cABR (V-A) or LLR (N1-P2) in low and high ANL groups. However, Larger peak to peak amplitudes in the high ANL group suggests differences higher processing centers in the upper brainstem to the auditory cortex. The findings of the study may be useful in determining the patient acceptability of noise.
Jesus healing the leper and the Purity Law in the Gospel of Matthew
Authors: Viljoen Francois P.
Published: May 2014

Though, in the Sermon on the Mount, Jesus explicitly states that he did not come to abolish the Law (Mt 5:17–19), in the narrative that follows directly after this Sermon, he apparently neglects purity laws by healing a leper (Mt 8:1–3). As an impure person, the leper was not supposed to come close to Jesus, but Jesus sympathetically reaches out and touches him. Furthermore, no mention is made of Jesus undergoing any purification rites after coming into contact with this man. Once the leper is healed, Jesus instructs him to perform only the third phase of the prescribed purification rite for lepers. Jesus is thus described as having the power and authority to heal the person and to declare him healed. What remains for the leper is to show himself to the priest and to bring the appropriate sacrifice, so that he could be accepted into the society again. In this article it is argued that Jesus, as the Holy One and miracle Healer, is not defiled by coming into contact with the leper. Purity flows from Jesus to heal the leper. As a teacher of the Law, Jesus enacts the true intention of the Law, which is to establish a holy community of believers within the Kingdom of heaven. This healing action forms a step towards the coming of the Kingdom of heaven. Thus, the purity laws find their fulfilment in Jesus. As result of this action, cultic purity transforms into a moral activity for the followers of Jesus.Hoewel Jesus in die Bergrede eksplisiet noem dat Hy nie gekom het om die Wet ongeldig te maak nie (Matt 5:15–19), lyk dit asof Hy, in die vertelling wat direk op die Rede volg, die reinheidswette oortree het deur die manier waarop Hy ’n melaatse genees (Matt 8:1–3). As ’n onrein persoon was die melaatste nie veronderstel om naby Jesus te kom nie, maar Jesus het simpatiek na hom toe uitgereik en hom aangeraak. Hierbenewens word geen melding daarvan gemaak dat Jesus enige reinigingsrituele ondergaan het nadat hy in kontak met hierdie man was nie. Nadat die melaatse genees is, beveel Jesus hom om slegs die derde fase van die voorgeskrewe reinigingsrituele vir melaatses uit te voer. Jesus word sodoende beskryf as iemand wat die mag en gesag het om ’n persoon te genees en gesond te verklaar. Wat oorbly, is dat die melaatse homself aan die priester moet gaan wys en die gepaste offer bring, sodat hy weer in die gemeenskap opgeneem kan word. Hierdie artikel argumenteer dat Jesus, as heilige persoon en wondergeneser, nie onrein word wanneer Hy in kontak met die melaatse kom nie. Reinheid vloei vanaf Jesus oor na die melaatse. As leraar van die Wet beoefen Jesus die ware bedoeling van die Wet, wat ten doel het om die heilige gemeenskap van gelowiges in die Koninkryk van die hemel te vestig. Hierdie genesingsaksie is nog ’n tree in die koms van die Koninkryk van die hemel. Sodoende vind die reinheidswette hulle vervulling in Jesus. As gevolg hiervan verander kultiese reinheid na morele optrede vir die navolgers van Jesus.
Molecular characterization and expression patterns ofPsSVPgenes reveal distinct roles in flower bud abortion and flowering in tree peony (Paeonia suffruticosa)
Authors: Wang Shunli , Xue Jingqi , Ahmadi Noorollah , Holloway Patricia , Zhu Fuyong , Ren Xiuxia , Zhang Xiuxin
Published: May 2014

Wang, S., Xue, J., Ahmadi, N., Holloway, P., Zhu, F., Ren, X. and Zhang, X. 2014. Molecular characterization and expression patterns of PsSVP genes reveal distinct roles in flower bud abortion and flowering in tree peony (Paeonia suffruticosa). Can. J. Plant Sci. 94: 1181–1193. Container culture and flower forcing are used for off-season production of tree peony for the Chinese Spring Festival. Storage of potted tree peony for 10 d at 12°C in a refrigerator before 4°C chilling treatment can help new root growth and promote leaf development. Development from bud swelling to anthesis was divided into nine stages. Some aborted flower buds usually emerge in Stage III. Removal of two to four leaflets in an alternating pattern and applying gibberellic acid 3 (GA3) around the flower bud at Stage III can decrease the flower bud abortion rate and promote flower formation rate. Two MADS-box genes with homology to Arabidopsis SVP, designated PsSVP1 and PsSVP2, which probably caused flower-bud abortion, were isolated by reverse transcription-PCR. Sequence comparison analysis showed that PsSVP was most similar to SVP-like gene in apple. Phylogenetic analysis indicates that PsSVP was evolutionarily close to SVP-like genes from Malus domestica, SVP genes from Cruciferae and SVP-like genes from Vitis vinifera. The qRT-PCR results suggested that expression of PsSVP was high in vegetative growth phase, especially in the leaves of tree peony, and its expression was regulated by GA3. Further analysis showed that more PsSVP transcripted in the aborted flower bud, especially in the buds where leaflets grew well. It was deduced that PsSVP can promote vegetative growth and suppress flowering in tree peony. Thus, it is very important to further investigate PsSVP and decipher the mechanisms of flower-bud abortion to improve forcing culture of tree peony.
Evaluation of genotype×environment interaction and stability of corn hybrids and relationship among univariate parametric methods
Authors: Changizi Mahdi , Choukan Rajab , Heravan Eslam Majidi , Bihamta Mohammad Reza , Darvish Farrokh
Published: May 2014

Changizi, M., Choukan, R., Heravan, E. M., Bihamta, M. R. and Darvish, F. 2014. Evaluation of genotype×environment interaction and stability of corn hybrids and relationship among univariate parametric methods. Can. J. Plant Sci. 94: 1255–1267. There have been many approaches available in multi-location crop variety trial. However, the relationship among these approaches is not understood. In this study, therefore, grain yields of 16 corn hybrids were measured in 12 locations in Iran in 2011 and 2012 in order to compare the 23 parametric methods and to assess stability and adaptability of the hybrids. The combined ANOVA indicated that variances due to the genotypes, environments and genotype×environment interaction were substantially significant, which represents great variation among them. Principal component analysis based on rank correlation matrix indicated that stability methods can be classified into four groups. The group related to the dynamic concept and strongly associated with mean grain yield consisted of the measures, superiority index (Pi), desirability index (DI), geometric adaptability index (GAI) and genotypic stability (Di2). This group was more useful in agronomic goals in comparison with other methods. The second group also indicated the dynamic concept contained slope of regression models. The third group reflected the static concept included, the environmental variance (EV), the variance in regression deviation (S2di) and type IV stability concept ([Formula: see text]). The fourth group impressed concurrently by grain yield and stability included the measures coefficient of variability (CV), Wrick's ecovalence (W2), Shukla's stability variance (SH), Plaisted and Peterson's parameter (pp59), Plaisted's parameter (p60), yield reliability index (Ii), residual MS of regression models and coefficient of determination (R2). Based on both concepts of stability (dynamic and static), hybrids (KLM76002/3×MO17), (KLM77002/10-5-1×K19/1) and (K47/2×MO17) were the most stable and (KSC704), (KSC720 (K74/1×K19)) and (K48/3×K18) were found to be the most adaptable to favorable environments. The methods of Pi, Di2, DI and GAI were more useful and more convenient than other methods. [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] showed an acceptable static concept of stability methods whereas study [Formula: see text] was more efficient than [Formula: see text].
Evaluación del dolor en la punción de la fístula arteriovenosa para hemodiálisis comparando pomada anestésica frente a frío local
Authors: Ahís Tomás Patricia , Peris Ambou Inmaculada Concepción , Pérez Baylach Carmen Mª , Castelló Benavent Joaquín , Novas Ana
Published: May 2014

El dolor en pacientes de hemodiálisis no es valorado en su totalidad y no se tiene en cuenta las limitaciones queprovoca en la calidad de vida de estos pacientes.
Se realizó un estudio observacional analítico, en el que se analizó el grado de dolor al que es sometido el paciente en hemodiálisis cuando se punciona su fístula arteriovenosa. Para ello comparamos el dolor que producía dicha punción si antes utilizábamos uno de estos tres métodos: POMADA ANÉSTESICA (Emla®), PLACEBO (crema hidratante) y HIELO. También
hemos evaluado si el método utilizado interfi ere en los parámetros de diálisis durante la sesión.
Estudiamos a 28 pacientes (23 hombres y 5 mujeres) portadores de fístula. Las variables medidas fueron: dolor (escala EVA), fl ujo sanguíneo, presión arterial, presión venosa y tiempo de coagulación. Estas variables fueron recogidas durante las tres semanas de duración del estudio (36 sesiones de hemodiálisis) en gráfi cas.
Se analizaron las 36 sesiones de hemodiálisis mediante el uso de una gráfi ca. Por un lado observamos que el
método elegido (Emla®) es estadísticamente signifi cativo (p-valor, p=0.004), por otro lado no existen diferencias
signifi cativas entre el método usado y el resto de parámetros recogidos durante la sesión de hemodiálisis
(p=0.194, p=0.278, p=0.902, p=0.445). Con respecto al método utilizado los pacientes eligieron como mejor
método la Emla® con un 67.86%.
Según los datos obtenidos podemos concluir que no existen diferencias estadísticas en las diferentes variables estudiadas. El uso de Emla® obtiene mejor resultado en cuanto al dolor, pero no varía ningún otro parámetro al igual que los otros dos métodos
Análisis de la discapacidad en el paciente crónico mediante la herramienta WHODAS II
Authors: Rebollo Rubio Ana , Cabrera Azaña Sandra , Pons Raventos Mª Eugenia , González Castillo José Antonio , Pinilla Cancelo Mª José , Mansilla Francisco Juan José
Published: May 2014

La Dependencia Funcional se defi ne como la pérdida de autonomía física, psíquica o intelectual a causa de procesos relacionados con la salud del individuo. La discapacidad es un atributo inseparable de la dependencia, pero no recíproco. La dependencia funcional es el resultado de una discapacidad, pero no todos los discapacitados tienen dependencia funcional puesto que no precisan ayuda de terceros. El objetivo del estudio es valorar la discapacidad y dependencia funcional y comparar los resultados obtenidos mediante el Índice de Barthel, con los obtenidos según el World Health Organization Disability
Schedule versión 2 y relacionarlos con una variable predictora de dependencia funcional como el Índice
de Comorbilidad de Charlson modifi cado por edad para evaluar la congruencia de ambas medidas.
Material y método
Estudio epidemiológico de corte trasversal.
Resultados
Analizando conjuntamente los valores de Índice de Barthel y World Health Organization Disability
Schedule versión 2 con el Índice de Comorbilidad de Charlson modifi cado por edad obtuvimos que si bien ambas correlacionan signifi cativamente con la comorbilidad (p
Qualidade de vida pós-transplante renal: revisão integrativa (Calidad de vida tras el trasplante de riñón: revisión)
Authors: Passoni dos Santos Reginaldo , Brandalize Rocha Daniele Lais
Published: May 2014

Buscaran-se evidências disponíveis na literatura sobre a melhoria na qualidade de vida de pacientes após o transplante renal. Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa, realizada por meio de busca de artigos indexados nas bases de dados LILACS (Literatura Latino-americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde), BDENF (Base de Dados da Enfermagem), SciELO (Scientifi c Eletronic Library Online) e PubMed. Os critérios de inclusão foram: pesquisa primária; texto em português, inglês ou espanhol; publicação entre o período de janeiro de 2002 a dezembro de 2012. De modo geral, o transplante melhora expressivamente a qualidade de vida do paciente com renal crônico, sendo prevalente a melhora relacionada ao domínio físico. Contudo,identificaram baixos escores referente às de dimensões/ domínios “relação social”, “meio ambiente”, “nível de dependência” e “aspectos psicológicos”. Confirmou-se que o transplante é responsável pela melhoria da qualidade de vida do paciente renal crônico pós procedimento, entretanto, sugere-se que mais pesquisas sejam realizadas (Se buscaron pruebas disponibles en la literatura sobre la mejora de la calidad de vida de los después del trasplante renal. Se trata de una revisión integradora, Llevando a cabo a través de la búsqueda de artículos indexados en las bases de datos LILACS (Literatura Latinoamericada y del Caribe en Ciencias), BDENF (Base de Datos de Enfermería), SciELO (Scientifi c ELetronic Library Online) y PubMed. Los criterios de inclusión fueron: investivatión primaria, el texto en portugués, inglés o español, publicados entre el período de enero 2002 a diciembre 2012. En gerenal el trasplante mejora significativamente la calidad de vida de los pacientes con enfermedad renal crónica es prevalente mejora relacionada con el dominio físico. Sin embargo, encontramos bajas puntuaciones en las dimensiones “relación social”, “medio ambiente”, “grado de dependencia” y “psicológica”. Se confirmó que el trasplante es responsable de la adición de la calidad de vida de la pacientes después del procedimiento renal crónica, sin embargo, sugiere que haga más investigación.
As mídias sociais de olho na CI na perspectiva da disseminação da informação
Authors: Lima Aline Poggi Lins , Freire Isa Maria
Published: May 2014

Esta comunicação apresenta resultados obtidos em pesquisa-dissertação desenvolvida no Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência da Informação da Universidade Federal da Paraíba. A pesquisa abordou o Blog de olho na CI na perspectiva das mídias sociais da rede Internet como recursos capazes de desenvolver Redes Sociais na Internet (RSI) e meio de disseminação de informação. O objetivo foi analisar como se processa a disseminação da informação de interesse para os profissionais da informação através destas mídias sociais, a partir de uma da pesquisa descritiva, utilizou como instrumentos de coleta dos dados as técnicas da observação participante e o diário de campo. A análise dos dados foi documental, relacionada ao contexto da pesquisa na internet. Diante da pesquisa, observou-se que se pode comprovar o crescimento do blog De olho na CI na rede internet e entre profissionais da informação, crescimento que se estende a outras mídias sociais, Twitter e Facebook.
As bibliotecas nacionais latino-americanas na web 2.0
Authors: Prado Jorge Moisés Kroll do , Lucas Elaine de Oliveira , Curiel Eva Herrero
Published: May 2014

As redes sociais nascem do ambiente web 2.0 e fazem parte do nosso dia a dia. Todas as áreas profissionais, especialmente as relacionadas à informação e comunicação (Jornalismo, Publicidade, Comunicação Audiovisual, Biblioteconomia e Documentação...) projetam estratégias para fazer parte desse conglomerado no qual convergem transmissores, receptores e mensagens. A investigação a seguir expõe os resultados de um estudo no qual a presença das bibliotecas nacionais da América Latina, membros da ABINIA, na web 2.0 foi analisada. Trata-se de saber como essas bibliotecas estão usando as redes sociais mais relevantes, no nível de usuários e penetração nos países da América Latina. O estudo analisa os perfis que as bibliotecas nacionais possuem no Facebook, Twitter, Flickr e YouTube; bem como o conteúdo que eles divulgam por meio deles e a participação que eles incentivam entre seus usuários.
Um levantamento sobre do uso de ferramentas da Web 2.0 entre os estudantes da Ciência da Informação da Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina
Authors: Oliveira Eduarda Bodaneze de , Dutra Moisés Lima
Published: May 2014

Nas últimas décadas, puderam-se verificar enormes mudanças nas relações sociais e grandes transformações nos sistemas de comunicação que tornaram mais rápidos os fluxos de informação por meio dos recursos da Internet. A ideia de uma Web 2.0 (a Web colaborativa) agrega ideais de colaboração, interação e participação que proporcionam, através de uma organização em rede, uma intensa produção de informação. Este trabalho analisa o uso de ferramentas da Web 2.0 pelos alunos do Departamento de Ciência da Informação da Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina através da caracterização do perfil dos estudantes como usuários destas ferramentas, da identificação das áreas de interesse, das ferramentas mais utilizadas e das principais finalidades de uso das redes sociais Facebook, Twitter e LinkedIn. O estudo concluiu que há um grande potencial, dentro do segmento avaliado, para a troca de informações e difusão de conhecimentos através das ferramentas da Web 2.0. Além disso, estas ferramentas são vistas pelo público-alvo da pesquisa como sendo de grande utilidade, tanto para funções pessoais e de relacionamento quanto para interesses acadêmicos e profissionais.
Mediação cultural e apropriação da informação em bibliotecas públicas
Authors: Rasteli Alessandro , Cavalcante Lídia Eugênia
Published: May 2014

Reconhecer a existência de dispositivos (bibliotecas) como produtores de sentido é também verificar as ações de mediação cultural como atos de significação, vivenciados com modos de interação entre diferentes experiências culturais. As ações de mediação são compreendidas como práticas socioculturais e processos afirmativos de sujeitos na construção de sentidos, remetendo-se a produção e recepção de bens simbólicos e os dispositivos culturais como espaços de apropriação. Dessa forma, tem por objetivo a reflexão de mediações culturais (focando-se nas práticas de leitura) em ambientes socioculturais, especificamente em bibliotecas públicas, tendo em vista apreender aspectos conceituais e metodológicos próprios a processos de mediação e apropriação cultural.
Interação social e metodologias de ensino: o caso do laboratório de troca de afetos - lata sob as narrativas de seus participantes através do mapa conceitual
Authors: Bernardino Maria Cleide Rodrigues , Souza Irma Gracielle Carvalho de Oliveira , Souza Alexandre Pereira de , Santos Francisca Pereira dos
Published: May 2014

Aborda as metodologias baseadas nas trocas de experiências ilustradas pelo projeto LATA - Laboratório de Troca de Afetos, do Curso de Biblioteconomia da Universidade Federal do Ceará, Campus Cariri. O projeto foi pensado e é executado dentro dos parâmetros das possibilidades de aprendizagem através da troca de experiências, tendo como norte a interação social do aluno com a sociedade, seja em sala de aula ou fora dela. Trata-se de uma pesquisa exploratória, cuja coleta de dados se fez por meio de entrevista narrativa intermediada por questionário no google docs, e o tratamento dos resultados pela análise de conteúdo. O ambiente da investigação se deu no âmbito acadêmico, com 40 alunos que participaram da disciplina Cultura e Mídia, onde o projeto é executado e contemplou três questionamentos: você considera que o aprendizado por meio da troca de experiências tem sido significativo do ponto de vista profissional? O que você sente ao ver outras pessoas contando suas histórias e notar que algumas são comuns às suas experiências? Entre o método convencional, leituras, resenhas, provas escritas, seminários, o que mais tem lhe ajudado a desenvolver um senso crítico e proporcionado maior desenvoltura?  As reflexões oriundas da análise dos dados, além de funcionar como feedback da aceitação da metodologia por parte dos alunos, também contribui para uma avaliação do projeto a fim de corrigir possíveis falhas e contribuir efetivamente para a construção do conhecimento.
Práticas de Inovação do Bibliotecário no Ambiente Virtual
Authors: Tomaél Maria Inês , Zaninelli Thais Batista , Prado Maira , Feitoza Leonina , Costa Eliandro dos Santos , Pallisser Allyson
Published: May 2014

Os recursos de tecnologia da informação impuseram mudanças no papel exercido pelo bibliotecário. Esse papel começa a evoluir a partir da mudança do enfoque profissional no ambiente virtual e das atividades que esse profissional desenvolve no ciberespaço. A partir desses argumentos, este artigo tem como objetivo estudar as práticas inovadoras do bibliotecário no ambiente Web. Para a consecução desse objetivo, foi realizada uma pesquisa bibliográfica, em que a literatura pertinente foi analisada e foram identificadas as premissas necessárias para a consecução desse objetivo. Constatamos várias iniciativas de atuação do bibliotecário no ambiente virtual, tais como a utilização dos recursos: a) mídias sociais (Web 2.0) para interação com os usuários; b) Computação em nuvem, por meio de banco de dados, catálogos coletivos online, e recursos para a organização de livros; c) aplicações para dispositivos móveis, com a intenção de atingir jovens e adolescentes, além de disponibilização de equipamentos como o tablet em bibliotecas para leitura e apropriação da informação. Os bibliotecários inovam em suas práticas de atuação na medida em que modificam a maneira de ofertar serviços e produtos aos usuários. Mas há um longo caminho a percorrer para que o bibliotecário seja considerado um profissional inovador por excelência.
Het voltooid deelwoord in het Nederlands: beperkingen op het attributief gebruik
Authors: Elffers Els , de Haan Sies , Schermer Ina
Published: May 2014

According to current insights, attributive past participles (APPs) are impossible only with immutative intransitive verbs. Yet there appear to be APP restrictions with transitive and mutative intransitive verbs, but these restrictions are less absolute. In APP constructions, the attributive relationship implies that a PP, which presents the verbal meaning as a patient situation, forms a category together with a noun. In contrast with immutative intransitives, PPs of transitive and mutative intransitive verbs always embody a patient situation. The problem, then, is why some patient situations seem to be unsuitable to form a category with a noun. Below, we argue that, in these cases, the patient situation is insufficiently transparent or insufficiently relevant. The explanation of APP restrictions with mutatively used movement verbs lies in the agent role of the subject referent, which causes the immutative counterpart of these verbs to come into play.
Temporal and spatial characteristics of ozone depletion events from measurements in the Arctic
Authors: Halfacre J. W. , Knepp T. N. , Shepson P. B. , Thompson C. R. , Pratt K. A. , Li B. , Peterson P. K. , Walsh S. J. , Simpson W. R. , Matrai P. A. , Bottenheim J. W. , Netcheva S. , Perovich D. K. , Richter A.
Published: May 2014

Abstract. Following polar sunrise in the Arctic springtime, tropospheric ozone episodically decreases rapidly to near-zero levels during ozone depletion events (ODEs). Many uncertainties remain in our understanding of ODE characteristics, including the temporal and spatial scales, as well as environmental drivers. Measurements of ozone, bromine monoxide (BrO), and meteorology were obtained during several deployments of autonomous, ice-tethered buoys (O-Buoys) from both coastal sites and over the Arctic Ocean; these data were used to characterize observed ODEs. Detected decreases in surface ozone levels during the onset of ODEs corresponded to a median estimated apparent ozone depletion timescale (based on both chemistry and the advection of O3-depleted air) of 11 h. If assumed to be dominated by chemical mechanisms, these timescales would correspond to larger-than-observed BrO mole fractions based on known chemistry and assumed other radical levels. Using backward air mass trajectories and an assumption that transport mechanisms dominate observations, the spatial scales for ODEs (defined by time periods in which ozone levels ≤15 nmol mol−1) were estimated to be 877 km (median), while areas estimated to represent major ozone depletions (<10 nmol mol−1) had dimensions of 282 km (median). These observations point to a heterogeneous boundary layer with localized regions of active, ozone-destroying halogen chemistry, interspersed among larger regions of previously depleted air that retain reduced ozone levels through hindered atmospheric mixing. Based on the estimated size distribution, Monte Carlo simulations showed it was statistically possible that all ODEs observed could have originated upwind, followed by transport to the measurement site. Local wind speed averages were low during most ODEs (median of ~3.6 m s−1), and there was no apparent dependence on local temperature.
Long-term trend and variability of atmospheric PM10 concentration in the Po Valley
Authors: Bigi A. , Ghermandi G.
Published: May 2014

Abstract. The limits to atmospheric pollutant concentration set by the European Commission provide a challenging target for the municipalities in the Po Valley, because of the characteristic climatic conditions and high population density of this region. In order to assess climatology and trends in the concentration of atmospheric particles in the Po Valley, a data set of PM10 data from 41 sites across the Po Valley have been analysed, including both traffic and background sites (either urban, suburban or rural). Of these 41 sites, 18 with 10 yr or longer record have been analysed for long-term trend in deseasonalized monthly means, in annual quantiles and in monthly frequency distribution. A widespread significant decreasing trend has been observed at most sites, up to a few percent per year, by a generalized least squares and Theil–Sen method. All 41 sites have been tested for significant weekly periodicity by Kruskal–Wallis test for mean anomalies and by Wilcoxon test for weekend effect magnitude. A significant weekly periodicity has been observed for most PM10 series, particularly in summer and ascribed mainly to anthropic particulate emissions. A cluster analysis has been applied in order to highlight stations sharing similar pollution conditions over the reference period. Five clusters have been found, two encompassing the metropolitan areas of Turin and Milan and their respective nearby sites and the other three clusters gathering northeast, northwest and central Po Valley sites respectively. Finally, the observed trends in atmospheric PM10 have been compared to trends in provincial emissions of particulates and PM precursors, and analysed along with data on vehicular fleet age, composition and fuel sales. A significant basin-wide drop in emissions occurred for gaseous pollutants, contrarily to emissions of PM10 and PM2.5, whose drop was low and restricted to a few provinces. It is not clear whether the decrease for only gaseous emissions is sufficient to explain the observed drop in atmospheric PM10, or if the low drop in particulate emissions is indeed due to the uncertainty in the emission inventory data for this species.
Strong wintertime ozone events in the Upper Green River basin, Wyoming
Authors: Rappenglück B. , Ackermann L. , Alvarez S. , Golovko J. , Buhr M. , Field R. A. , Soltis J. , Montague D. C. , Hauze B. , Adamson S. , Risch D. , Wilkerson G. , Bush D. , Stoeckenius T. , Keslar C.
Published: May 2014

Abstract. During recent years, elevated ozone (O3) values have been observed repeatedly in the Upper Green River basin (UGRB), Wyoming, during wintertime. This paper presents an analysis of high ozone days in late winter 2011 (1 h average up to 166 ppbv – parts per billion by volume). Intensive operational periods (IOPs) of ambient monitoring were performed, which included comprehensive surface and boundary layer measurements. On IOP days, maximum O3 values are restricted to a very shallow surface layer. Low wind speeds in combination with low mixing layer heights (~ 50 m above ground level around noontime) are essential for accumulation of pollutants within the UGRB. Air masses contain substantial amounts of reactive nitrogen (NOx) and non-methane hydrocarbons (NMHC) emitted from fossil fuel exploration activities in the Pinedale Anticline. On IOP days particularly in the morning hours, reactive nitrogen (up to 69%), aromatics and alkanes (~ 10–15%; mostly ethane and propane) are major contributors to the hydroxyl (OH) reactivity. Measurements at the Boulder monitoring site during these time periods under SW wind flow conditions show the lowest NMHC / NOx ratios (~ 50), reflecting a relatively low reactive NMHC mixture, and a change from a NOx-limited regime towards a NMHC-limited regime as indicated by photochemical indicators, e.g., O3 /NOy, O3 /NOz, and O3 / HNO3 and the EOR (extent of reaction). OH production on IOP days is mainly due to nitrous acid (HONO). On a 24 h basis and as determined for a measurement height of 1.80 m above the surface HONO photolysis on IOP days can contribute ~ 83% to OH production on average, followed by alkene ozonolysis (~ 9%). Photolysis by ozone and HCHO photolysis contribute about 4% each to hydroxyl formation. High HONO levels (maximum hourly median on IOP days: 1096 pptv – parts per trillion by volume) are favored by a combination of shallow boundary layer conditions and enhanced photolysis rates due to the high albedo of the snow surface. HONO is most likely formed through (i) abundant nitric acid (HNO3) produced in atmospheric oxidation of NOx, deposited onto the snow surface and undergoing photo-enhanced heterogeneous conversion to HONO (estimated HONO production: 10.2 ± 40% ppbv h−1) and (ii) combustion-related emission of HONO (estimated HONO production: ~ 0.1 ± 30% ppbv h−1). HONO production is confined to the lowermost 10 m of the boundary layer. HONO, serves as the most important precursor for OH, strongly enhanced due to the high albedo of the snow cover (HONO photolysis rate 10.7 ± 30% ppbv h−1). OH radicals will oxidize NMHCs, mostly aromatics (toluene, xylenes) and alkanes (ethane, propane), eventually leading to an increase in ozone.
HO2NO2 and HNO3 in the coastal Antarctic winter night: a "lab-in-the-field" experiment
Authors: Jones A. E. , Brough N. , Anderson P. S. , Wolff E. W.
Published: May 2014

Abstract. Observations of peroxynitric acid (HO2NO2) and nitric acid (HNO3) were made during a 4 month period of Antarctic winter darkness at the coastal Antarctic research station, Halley. Mixing ratios of HNO3 ranged from instrumental detection limits to ∼8 parts per trillion by volume (pptv), and of HO2NO2 from detection limits to ∼5 pptv; the average ratio of HNO3 : HO2NO2 was 2.0(± 0.6):1, with HNO3 always present at greater mixing ratios than HO2NO2 during the winter darkness. An extremely strong association existed for the entire measurement period between mixing ratios of the respective trace gases and temperature: for HO2NO2, R2 = 0.72, and for HNO3, R2 = 0.70. We focus on three cases with considerable variation in temperature, where wind speeds were low and constant, such that, with the lack of photochemistry, changes in mixing ratio were likely to be driven by adsorption/desorption mechanisms alone. We derived enthalpies of adsorption (ΔHads) for these three cases. The average ΔHads for HNO3 was −42 ± 7 kJ mol−1 and for HO2NO2 was −56 ± 3 kJ mol−1; these values are extremely close to laboratory-derived values. This exercise demonstrates (i) that adsorption to/desorption from the snow pack should be taken into account when addressing budgets of boundary layer HO2NO2 and HNO3 at any snow-covered site, and (ii) that Antarctic winter can be used as a~natural "laboratory in the field" for testing data on physical exchange mechanisms.
Particle-area dependence of mineral dust in the immersion mode: investigations with freely suspended drops in an acoustic levitator
Authors: Diehl K. , Debertshäuser M. , Eppers O. , Schmithüsen H. , Mitra S. K. , Borrmann S.
Published: May 2014

Abstract. The heterogeneous freezing temperatures of supercooled drops were measured by using an acoustic levitator. This technique allows to freely suspending single drops in air without electrical charges thereby avoiding any electrical influences which may affect the freezing process. Heterogeneous nucleation caused by several mineral dust particles (montmorillonite, two types of illite) was investigated in the immersion mode. Drops of 1 \\unit{mm} in radius were monitored by a~video camera during cooling down to −28 °C to simulate the tropospheric temperature range. The surface temperature of the drops was remotely determined with an infra-red thermometer so that the onset of freezing was indicated. For comparisons, measurements with one particle type were additionally performed in the Mainz vertical wind tunnel with drops of 340 \\unit{{\\mu}m} radius freely suspended. The data were interpreted regarding the particle surfaces immersed in the drops. Immersion freezing was observed in a~temperature range between −13 and −26 °C in dependence of particle type and surface area per drop. The results were evaluated by applying two descriptions of heterogeneous freezing, the stochastic and the singular model.
Ammonium nitrate evaporation and nitric acid condensation in DMT CCN counters
Authors: Romakkaniemi S. , Jaatinen A. , Laaksonen A. , Nenes A. , Raatikainen T.
Published: May 2014

Abstract. The effect of inorganic semivolatile aerosol compounds on the cloud condensation nucleus (CCN) activity of aerosol particles was studied by using a computational model for a DMT-CCN counter, a cloud parcel model for condensation kinetics and experiments to quantify the modelled results. Concentrations of water vapour and semivolatiles as well as aerosol trajectories in the CCN column were calculated by a computational fluid dynamics model. These trajectories and vapour concentrations were then used as an input for the cloud parcel model to simulate mass transfer kinetics of water and semivolatiles between aerosol particles and the gas phase. Two different questions were studied: (1) how big a fraction of semivolatiles is evaporated from particles after entering but before particle activation in the DMT-CCN counter? (2) How much can the CCN activity be increased due to condensation of semivolatiles prior to the maximum water supersaturation in the case of high semivolatile concentration in the gas phase? Both experimental and modelling results show that the evaporation of ammonia and nitric acid from ammonium nitrate particles causes a 10 to 15 nm decrease to the critical particle size in supersaturations between 0.1% and 0.7%. On the other hand, the modelling results also show that condensation of nitric acid or similar vapour can increase the CCN activity of nonvolatile aerosol particles, but a very high gas phase concentration (as compared to typical ambient conditions) would be needed. Overall, it is more likely that the CCN activity of semivolatile aerosol is underestimated than overestimated in the measurements conducted in ambient conditions.
Simultaneous retrieval of effective refractive index and density from size distribution and light scattering data: weakly absorbing aerosol
Authors: Kassianov E. , Barnard J. , Pekour M. , Berg L. K. , Shilling J. , Flynn C. , Mei F. , Jefferson A.
Published: May 2014

Abstract. We propose here a novel approach for retrieving in parallel the effective density and real refractive index of weakly absorbing aerosol from optical and size distribution measurements. Here we define "weakly absorbing" as aerosol single-scattering albedos that exceed 0.95 at 0.5 μm. The required optical measurements are the scattering coefficient and the hemispheric backscatter fraction, obtained in this work from an integrating nephelometer. The required size spectra come from a Scanning Mobility Particle Sizer and an Aerodynamic Particle Sizer. The performance of this approach is first evaluated using a sensitivity study with synthetically generated but measurement-related inputs. The sensitivity study reveals that the proposed approach is robust to random noise; additionally the uncertainties of the retrieval are almost linearly proportional to the measurement errors, and these uncertainties are smaller for the real refractive index than for the effective density. Next, actual measurements are used to evaluate our approach. These measurements include the optical, microphysical, and chemical properties of weakly absorbing aerosol which are representative of a variety of coastal summertime conditions observed during the Two-Column Aerosol Project (TCAP; http://campaign.arm.gov/tcap/). The evaluation includes calculating the root mean square error (RMSE) between the aerosol characteristics retrieved by our approach, and the same quantities calculated using the conventional volume mixing rule for chemical constituents. For dry conditions (defined in this work as relative humidity less than 55%) and sub-micron particles, a very good (RMSE ~ 3%) and reasonable (RMSE ~ 28%) agreement is obtained for the retrieved real refractive index (1.49 ± 0.02) and effective density (1.68 ± 0.21), respectively. Our approach permits discrimination between the retrieved aerosol characteristics of sub-micron and sub-10-micron particles. The evaluation results also reveal that the retrieved density and refractive index tend to decrease with an increase of the relative humidity.