bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Laser Desorption Ionization-Mass Spectrometry of Linear Diphenylenes Encapsulated in Crystalline Sponge
Authors: Ohara Kazuaki , Hayashi Yukako , Yamaguchi Kentaro
Published: May 2020

Three linear diphenylene compounds having one, two, and three double bonds, respectively, were encapsulated in a nano-porous coordination complex called “crystalline sponge” (CS). The presence of these diphenylene compounds in CS was confirmed by single-crystal X-ray structure analysis and NMR spectroscopy. In CS, CH-π and π-π interactions between the pyridyl group of the triazine ligand in the CS framework and the phenyl group of the diphenylene compounds were determined on the basis of the geometrical orientation in the nanopore. After the single-crystal X-ray structure analysis, the same single crystal was subjected to imaging mass spectrometry (IMS). Molecular ion peaks were almost equally detected in all regions of the target plate where the CSs were present and the search for hotspots was no longer necessary. At the same time, ion peaks derived from the triazine ligand and its metal complex, which are components of the CS framework, were clearly observed. CSs have been shown to be effective matrixes for laser desorption ionization of trace linear conjugate compounds.
Dose compensation based on biological effectiveness due to interruption time for photon radiation therapy
Authors: Kawahara Daisuke , Nakano Hisashi , Saito Akito , Ozawa Shuichi , Nagata Yasushi
Published: May 2020

Objective:

To evaluate the biological effectiveness of dose associated with interruption time; and propose the dose compensation method based on biological effectiveness when an interruption occurs during photon radiation therapy.

Methods:

The lineal energy distribution for human salivary gland tumor was calculated by Monte Carlo simulation using a photon beam. The biological dose (Dbio) was estimated using the microdosimetric kinetic model. The dose compensating factor with the physical dose for the difference of the Dbio with and without interruption (Δ) was derived. The interruption time (τ) was varied to 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 75, and 120 min. The dose per fraction and dose rate varied from 2 to 8 Gy and 0.1 to 24 Gy/min, respectively.

Results:

The maximum Δ with 1 Gy/min occurred when the interruption occurred at half the dose. The Δ with 1 Gy/min at half of the dose was over 3% for τ >= 20 min for 2 Gy, τ = 10 min for 5 Gy, and τ = 10 min for 8 Gy. The maximum difference of the Δ due to the dose rate was within 3% for 2 and 5 Gy, and achieving values of 4.0% for 8 Gy. The dose compensating factor was larger with a high dose per fraction and high-dose rate beams.

Conclusion:

A loss of biological effectiveness occurs due to interruption. Our proposal method could correct for the unexpected decrease of the biological effectiveness caused by interruption time.

Advances in knowledge:

For photon radiotherapy, the interruption causes the sublethal damage repair. The current study proposed the dose compensation method for the decrease of the biological effect by the interruption.
Otoscopy and imaging features of spontaneous temporomandibular joint herniation into the external auditory canal
Authors: Liu Jun-Hua , Huang Wen-Hu , Xu Jiang Hong , Liu Yin , Sha Yan
Published: May 2020

Objective:

To explore the otoscopy, CT and MRI features of spontaneous temporomandibular joint(TMJ）herniation(STMJH) into the external auditory canal (EAC) through the persistent foramen of Huschke (PFH).

Methods:

15 cases diagnosed STMJH were collected. The otoscopy, CT data of 15 cases and MRI data of 6 cases were retrospectively reviewed.

Results:

Otoscopy revealed a mass located in the anterior wall of the bony EAC that moved forwards and backwards during mouth opening and closing, respectively. CT showed a soft mass with bony defect in the anterior wall of the EAC, with no enhancement; the bony defect margin was well defined in all cases. The bone adjacent to the PFH was pressed and partially wrapped around the soft mass, as if “holding a ball,” in seven cases. Pseudobone shell around the soft mass was observed in eight cases. Six cases included MRI scans, which showed TMJ soft tissue herniated into the EAC.

Conclusion:

STMJHs have unique otoscopic, CT and MRI features. The examination strategy recommended is dynamic otoscopy and conventional CT, MRI can be chosen when the herniation is complicated by infection or otitis externa or when the patient has TMJ dysfunction; conservative management and follow-up observations are the main treatment strategy recommended.

Advances in knowledge:

Mechanical stress of TMJ on the EAC is thought to cause herniation and the special CT features, the location and size of the PFH, especially the location, are the major risk factors for TMJ herniation in patients with FH.
A miRNA screen procedure identifies garz as an essential factor in adult glia functions and validates Drosophila as a beneficial 3Rs model to study glial functions and GBF1 biology
Authors: Gonçalves-Pimentel Catarina , Mazaud David , Kottler Benjamin , Proelss Sandra , Hirth Frank , Fanto Manolis
Published: May 2020

Invertebrate glia performs most of the key functions controlled by mammalian glia in the nervous system and provides an ideal model for genetic studies of glial functions. To study the influence of adult glial cells in ageing we have performed a genetic screen in Drosophila using a collection of transgenic lines providing conditional expression of micro-RNAs (miRNAs). Here, we describe a methodological algorithm to identify and rank genes that are candidate to be targeted by miRNAs that shorten lifespan when expressed in adult glia. We have used four different databases for miRNA target prediction in Drosophila but find little agreement between them, overall. However, top candidate gene analysis shows potential to identify essential genes involved in adult glial functions. One example from our top candidates’ analysis is gartenzwerg (garz). We establish that garz is necessary in many glial cell types, that it affects motor behaviour and, at the sub-cellular level, is responsible for defects in cellular membranes, autophagy and mitochondria quality control. We also verify the remarkable conservation of functions between garz and its mammalian orthologue, GBF1, validating the use of Drosophila as an alternative 3Rs-beneficial model to knock-out mice for studying the biology of GBF1, potentially involved in human neurodegenerative diseases.
Energy metabolism and sources of oxidative stress in wooden breast - a review
Authors: Hubert Shawna M. , Athrey Giridhar
Published: May 2020

Modern broilers show dramatic growth over a short interval and contribute directly to the success of the poultry meat industry. The growth performance of commercial broilers is a result of genetic selection for "performance traits", such as body size, meat yield, and feed conversion rate. However, due to the rapid growth rate of modern commercial broilers, several growth-related conditions have arisen, increasing economic losses and consumer concerns. Among the most economically consequential is the muscle disorder called wooden breast. Together with associated myopathies such as white striping and spaghetti meat, wooden breast is causing losses of $200 million a year in the U.S. alone and occurs worldwide. No causative factors are known for wooden breast to date. Wooden breast can affect over 80% of broilers in a flock, yet no methods of amelioration are currently available. Overall, the evidence suggests that wooden breast is a genetic, age-dependent condition associated with fast growth rate. The primary features of wooden breast are muscle degeneration and fibrosis, high levels of oxidative stress, hypoxia, and altered energy metabolism. Recent work has also implicated reduced pectoral vessel density in the pathogenesis of wooden breast. This review examines the history of myopathies in commercial broilers and the relationship of myopathies to metabolism and oxidative performance. This review summarizes the foundational knowledge of wooden breast and provides a platform for further investigation of wooden breast.
What settings have been linked to SARS-CoV-2 transmission clusters?
Authors: Leclerc Quentin J. , Fuller Naomi M. , Knight Lisa E. ,   CMMID COVID-19 Working Group, Funk Sebastian , Knight Gwenan M.
Published: May 2020

Background: Concern about the health impact of novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 has resulted in widespread enforced reductions in people’s movement (“lockdowns”). However, there are increasing concerns about the severe economic and wider societal consequences of these measures. Some countries have begun to lift some of the rules on physical distancing in a stepwise manner, with differences in what these “exit strategies” entail and their timeframes. The aim of this work was to inform such exit strategies by exploring the types of indoor and outdoor settings where transmission of SARS-CoV-2 has been reported to occur and result in clusters of cases. Identifying potential settings that result in transmission clusters allows these to be kept under close surveillance and/or to remain closed as part of strategies that aim to avoid a resurgence in transmission following the lifting of lockdown measures.

Methods: We performed a systematic review of available literature and media reports to find settings reported in peer reviewed articles and media with these characteristics. These sources are curated and made available in an editable online database.

Results: We found many examples of SARS-CoV-2 clusters linked to a wide range of mostly indoor settings. Few reports came from schools, many from households, and an increasing number were reported in hospitals and elderly care settings across Europe.

Conclusions: We identified possible places that are linked to clusters of COVID-19 cases and could be closely monitored and/or remain closed in the first instance following the progressive removal of lockdown restrictions. However, in part due to the limits in surveillance capacities in many settings, the gathering of information such as cluster sizes and attack rates is limited in several ways: inherent recall bias, biased media reporting and missing data.
Generalized Discrimination Index
Authors: Metsämuuronen Jari
Published: May 2020

Kelley’s Discrimination Index (DI) is a simple and robust, classical non-parametric short-cut to estimate the item discrimination power (IDP) in the practical educational settings. Unlike item–total correlation, DI can reach the ultimate values of +1 and ‒1, and it is stable against the outliers. Because of the computational easiness, DI is specifically suitable for the rough estimation where the sophisticated tools for item analysis such as IRT modelling are not available as is usual, for example, in the classroom testing. Unlike most of the other traditional indices for IDP, DI uses only the extreme cases of the ordered dataset in the estimation. One deficiency of DI is that it suits only for dichotomous datasets. This article generalizes DI to allow polytomous dataset and flexible cut-offs for selecting the extreme cases. A new algorithm based on the concept of the characteristic vector of the item is introduced to compute the generalized DI (GDI). A new visual method for item analysis, the cut-off curve, is introduced based on the procedure called exhaustive splitting.
On-Line Quality Management a Precursor for Improving E-Learning Adoption in Midwifery Schools in Uganda
Authors: Bigirwa June Patrick , Ndawula Stephen , Naluwemba Esther Frances
Published: May 2020

E-learning pedagogy is used in many health training institutions in Uganda, However, despite the high investment, e-learning adoption is still low. This study aimed at ascertaining the relevance of on-line quality management in improve e-learning adoption in midwifery schools in Uganda. It used an explanatory sequential mixed methods design to ascertain if on-line quality management was significant at improving e-learning adoption and the on-line quality traits which would be implemented by midwifery schools to improve e-learning adoption. Data collection was conducted in two phases, the first entailed quantitative data collection and analysis to determine if on-line quality management was significant to e-learning adoption. The second embraced a qualitative data collection and analysis to ascertain the detailed traits of on-line quality management relevant to e-learning adoption. Linear regression analysis established on-line quality management had influence on e-learning adoption (p=0.000). On-line quality management accounted for 55.5% of the variance in e-learning adoption with a strong positive statistically significant relationship, and its salient traits included; Compact Disc, Read-Only-Memory materials meets the expectation of users, collaborative improvement of on-line quality, Learning Management System meets expectations of users, providing the best on-line experience, e-learning program being described as an excellent on-line learning experience, and guidelines for improving on-line quality. Midwifery schools therefore have to focus on the six most relevant traits of on-line quality management if they are to improve e-learning adoption.
CNT-Ni-Co-O based composite for Supercapacitor applications by Cyclic Voltametry analysis: A Short Quick Glimpse
Authors: Mukherjee Soumya
Published: May 2020

CNT based material are of vital importance in modern technology for their superior physical and chemical properties. In recent times, materials development for energy applications is focused for improvement of battery, capacitors, and electrodes for enhanced efficiency. High performance Supercapacitors with high energy densities are at the leading edge for renewable energy engineering device sector. CNT based Ni-Co-O material is of keen interest due to its possible applications as supercapacitors, electrocatalyst for metal/air battery and others. The hybrid material synthesis, morphological and electrochemical features are vital to evaluate the material performances for energy applications. Electrical studies are also important to evaluate the properties required for device applications. CNT is used as electrode material for electrochemical storage due to superior chemical stability, low mass density, low resistivity and large surface area. CNT replaces activated carbon material as supercapacitor due to improper balance between enhanced surface area and mesoporosity thus limiting electrolytic accessibility and capacitance. In the present article a brief review is stressed forward for the development of CNT-Ni-Co-O based hybrid material for supercapacitor high energy density applications.
Hepatorenal Effects of Silver Nanoparticles in In-Vivo Postnatal Model of Toxicity and in HepG2 Cell Line
Authors: Elalfy Mahmoud M. , Abouelmagd Mamdouh , Abdelraheem Eman A. , El-hadidy Mona G.
Published: May 2020

Silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs) had many uses in medicine, household and industry. To better understand the postnatal toxicity of Ag-NPs in lactating female rats and its offspring’s, 18 female rats after delivery were divided into three groups and dams received orally the AG-NPs at doses of 0, 50, 100 ppm daily for 21 days. After the end of treatment, all rats were euthanized and blood and tissues were separated for evaluation of biochemical and histopathology in dams and its pups. The Ag-NPs had no effect on the dam's weight while the reduction of rats’ pups weight was noticed after first week only after the treatment. Notably, Ag-NPs had toxic effects in rat’s pups, as well as its dam with evidence of elevation of liver enzymes, urea, creatinine and reduction of serum protein, albumin and globulin and considered the first report explained the toxicity in the rat’s pups. Moreover, rats' pups revealed histopathological changes in liver and kidney as well as its dams. Notably, the nano-silver is considered cytotoxic for HepG2 cell line as well as mouse liver cell line. In conclusions, the Ag-NPs considered toxic in offspring as well as dams and had immunosuppressive effects in the postnatal model of toxicity as well as cytotoxicity to hepatic cells lines.
Neuroaugmentation: maximising surgeons’ brain function
Authors: Patel R , Singh H , Darzi A , Leff DR
Published: May 2020

Brain hacking or brain doping: can transcranial direct current stimulation benefit surgical training?
In pursuit of excellence
Authors: Beral D
Published: May 2020

Preparation is needed for action.
A surgeon among engineers
Authors: Rew D
Published: May 2020

A bridge from technology funding to healthcare solutions.
Absolutely phabulous?
Authors: Kerstein Ryan
Published: May 2020

Our resident gadget geek surveys the tech landscape
Variação do modo subjuntivo: um estudo sobre o português quilombola do interior da Bahia
Authors: Souza Marcelo Da Silva , Oliveira Josane Moreira de
Published: May 2020

Este artigo apresenta alguns resultados de um estudo descritivo e analítico da variação modal entre o indicativo e o subjuntivo em duas comunidades quilombolas situadas à margem direita (Rio das Rãs) e à margem esquerda (Montevidinha) do Rio São Francisco. À luz dos pressupostos teórico-metodológicos da Sociolinguística Variacionista (LABOV, 2008 [1972]), analisa-se a alternância entre dois tipos de variação: uma que acontece entre o tempo presente do indicativo e o presente do subjuntivo (Você quer que eu conto uma história/Você quer que eu conte uma história); e outra, entre o pretérito imperfeito do indicativo e o pretérito imperfeito do subjuntivo (Ela imaginou que eu era um homem estrangeiro/Ela imaginou que eu fosse um homem estrangeiro). O objetivo geral é descrever e analisar quali-quantitativamente a variação modal indicativo-subjuntivo no português rural das referidas comunidades quilombolas, na tentativa de responder quais os fatores linguísticos e extralinguísticos são condicionadores da variação e em que medida o contato linguístico e os aspectos sócio-históricos podem contribuir para a compreensão e a descrição desse fenômeno. A pesquisa, de um modo geral, aponta que os condicionadores da variação indicativo-subjuntivo são tanto de natureza estrutural quanto social, conforme selecionados como relevantes pelo GoldVarb X, um programa computacional de regras variáveis. Além disso, a partir da análise contrastiva entre algumas pesquisas realizadas nos meios rural e urbano, a análise confirma a existência de uma realidade sociolinguística polarizada e a existência de subvariedades rurais delineadas a partir de especificidades sócio-históricas distintas no português brasileiro.
Um Estudo Sociofuncional sobre a Variação/Estratificação entre Você e Cê em uma Comunidade do Sertão da Ressaca: O Teste de Avaliação em Foco
Authors: Rocha Warley José Campos , Sousa Valéria Viana
Published: May 2020

Neste artigo, temos como principal objetivo apresentar os resultados e discussões decorrentes de um teste de avaliação, o qual compôs uma parte do estudo que buscou descrever a variação/estratificação entre os pronomes você e cê, em posição pré-verbal, na função de sujeito de orações finitas, presente na comunidade de fala de Vitória da Conquista – BA (ROCHA, 2017). Quanto ao aporte teórico-metodológico, baseamo-nos no Sociofuncionalismo (LABOV, 2008 [1972]; HOPPER, 1991; TAVARES, 2003), o que permitiu discutir os dados e apresentar as conclusões alcançadas no estudo empreendido a partir da aplicação do referido teste, uma vez que, ao final das análises dos grupos de fatores linguísticos e sociais, foram observados indícios de estigma no que diz respeito ao uso da variante cê. Diante disso, perguntamo-nos se o uso preferencial pela forma conservadora, você, seria motivado pelos valores sociais das variantes e, assim, aplicamos um teste de atitude com dezessete informantes escolarizados da comunidade de fala em foco. Feito isso, foi possível comprovar que não há a presença de estereótipos referentes ao uso do cê no vernáculo conquistense. Palavras-chave: Alternância pronominal. Teste de avaliação. Sociofuncionalismo. Estigmatização.
Abreviaturas de patentes na Terminologia Militar Oitocentista da Polícia Militar da Bahia
Authors: Santos Luiz Djavan Silva , Marengo Sandro Marcío Drumond Alves
Published: May 2020

Os documentos configuram-se como fontes históricas, na medida em que nos transmitem informações pretéritas, possibilitando-nos acesso à informação de ordens diversas, na dada diacronia estudada, o período da libertação dos escravos e os primeiros dias da República. Este é o caso do Livro do Registro do Detalhe (DET) da Polícia Militar da Bahia, constando as ordens do dia e a rotina do quartel da Mouraria à sua época de escrita. Objetivamos apresentar um fragmento de edição fac-símile e diplomática do DET 68 e, em seguida, descrever as abreviaturas de patentes que aparecem no documento em tela.  Ao final, foram totalizadas 64 abreviaturas, dispostas em tabela geral com as suas variantes e o número de ocorrências, comparando as frequências segundo as classificações. Nossa base para estudos das abreviaturas foi centrada nos postulados de Spina (1994), Flexor (2008) e Berwanger e Leal (2008). Este estudo tem sua relevância primária por poder salvaguardar para a posteridade as ordens do dia, exibindo um contexto de usos linguísticos do século XIX. Em segundo lugar, aponta para um campo ainda pouco sistematizado que é o estudo das abreviaturas militares e sua significação social nos processos de produção da escrita oitocentista.
Variedades linguísticas da imigração germânica no Brasil: vitalidade, glotopolítica e território
Authors: Savedra Mônica Maria Guimarães , Mazzelli Leticia
Published: May 2020

Este artigo discute os processos de vitalidade, pertencimento e territorialidade identificados no uso de variedades linguísticas germânicas do Hunsrükisch, em Petrópolis, Rio de Janeiro e do Pomerano, em Santa Maria de Jetibá, Espírito Santo, ambas trazidas para o Brasil no contexto de imigração do século XIX. Utilizamos a abordagem glotopolítica (GUESPIN; MARCELLESI, 1986; LAGARES, 2018) e os conceitos de línguas Abstand e Ausbau (KLOSS, 1967) para tratar do desenvolvimento, linguístico e cultural dessas variedades. Apresentamos os resultados de pesquisas conduzidas pelo LABPEC (Laboratório de Pesquisa em Contato Linguístico) da Universidade Federal Fluminense (UFF), em parceria com o grupo B/Orders in Motion da Europa Universität-Viadrina (EUV) em dois contextos de imigração distintos: um urbano e um rural. Discutimos a vitalidade linguística (SIMONS; LEWIS, 2013; LEWIS; SIMONS, 2010, 2017; UNESCO, 2009; FISHMAN, 1991) com base em critérios sociolinguísticos mensuráveis, que estão relacionados com fenômenos próprios do contato linguístico tais como perda, manutenção e revitalização e, também, com ações glotopolíticas de ordem comunitária e institucional.
Using Progressive Time Delay to Increase Levels of Peer Imitation During Play With Preschoolers With Disabilities
Authors: Francis Rachel , Winchester Claire , Barton Erin E. , Ledford Jennifer R. , Velez Marina
Published: May 2020

Research suggests peer imitation can be taught using systematic procedures and can be embedded into ongoing play contexts with preschool-age children. However, additional research is needed to test procedures that may increase levels of peer imitation with toddlers with disabilities and in generalized contexts. We used a multiple probe across participants research design to evaluate the effectiveness of progressive time delay (PTD) to teach peer imitation to preschoolers with disabilities during a play activity with a peer. We also examined the efficacy of PTD in a generalized context (i.e., new peers, implementer, and materials). Visual analysis indicated a functional relation between PTD and unprompted peer imitation; however, generalization was variable across participants. Our results support previous research indicating PTD is effective in teaching children with disabilities to imitate their peers.
Examining the Impact of the SDLMI and Whose Future Is It? Over a Two-Year Period With Students With Intellectual Disability
Authors: Shogren Karrie A. , Hicks Tyler A. , Burke Kathryn M. , Antosh Anthony , LaPlante Terri , Anderson Mark H.
Published: May 2020

The purpose of this study was to examine self-determination outcome data in the year following a one-year cluster randomized controlled trial (C-RCT) comparing the impacts of a Self-Determined Learning Model of Instruction (SDLMI) only condition to a SDLMI + Whose Future Is It? (SDLMI + WF) condition. Using multilevel B-spline model analysis with Bayesian estimation, we examined ongoing patterns of growth after the trial ended and all students were exposed to SDLMI + WF. The findings suggest that the inclusion of an additional year of outcome data provided additional insight into the impact of more intensive intervention conditions over time. Specifically, after the initial year of implementation, the SDLMI + WF condition predicted greater annual gains than the SDLMI only condition, unlike findings in the first year which reflected the opposite pattern. This evidence suggests a nonlinear growth pattern over multiple years of intervention with more intensive interventions. Implications for future research and practice are discussed.
Analyzing colors and spectra of natural rainbows with hyperspectral
imaging
Authors: Lee Jr. Raymond L.
Published: May 2020

Few colorimetric analyses of natural rainbows (i.e., bows seen in rain showers) have been published, and
these are limited either to approximate techniques (colorimetrically
calibrated red–green–blue (RGB) cameras) or to rainbow proxies (bows
seen in sunlit water-drop sprays). Furthermore, no research papers
provide angularly detailed spectra of natural rainbows in the visible
and near-IR. Thus some uncertainty exists about whether the published
spectra and colors differ perceptibly from those in natural rainbows.
However, battery-powered imaging spectrometers now make possible
direct field measurements of the observed chromaticities and spectra
in such bows. These data (1) show consistent spectral and colorimetric
patterns along rainbow radii and (2) let one subtract additively mixed
background light to reveal the intrinsic colors and spectra produced
by rainbow scattering in nature.
Wall-thickness-controlled microbubble fabrication for WGM-based application
Authors: Jiang Junfeng , Liu Yize , Liu Kun , Wang Shuang , Ma Zhe , Zhang Yongning , Niu Panpan , Shen Liang , Liu Tiegen
Published: May 2020

We present a wall-thickness-controlled microbubble fabrication model for whispering-gallery-mode (WGM)-based application. The process of fabricating the model is divided into three sequenced steps: geometry size change of the microcapillary during drawing, expanding the process under internal injection air pressure, and microcapillary waist swell into a microbubble. Experiments were carried out to verify the effectiveness of the model. Experiment results show that wall thickness can reach 1.28 µm–1.46 µm at different injection pressure ranges of 50 kPa. The expected wall thickness of the microbubble can be achieved by changing injection pressure while keeping the diameter, which helps to prepare the required microbubble for practical application.
Reducing the light scattering impact in liquid-crystal-based imaging systems
Authors: Pusenkova Anastasiia , Galstian Tigran
Published: May 2020

We show an experimental method of quantifying the effect of light scattering by liquid crystals (LCs) and then apply rather simple image processing algorithms (Wiener deconvolution and contrast-limited adaptive histogram equalization) to improve the quality of obtained images when using electrically tunable LC lenses (TLCLs). Better contrast and color reproduction have been achieved. We think that this approach will allow the use of thicker LC cells and thus increase the maximum achievable optical power of the TLCL without a noticeable reduction of image quality. This eliminates one of the key limitations for their use in various adaptive imaging applications requiring larger apertures.
UNMIX-ME: spectral and lifetime fluorescence unmixing via deep learning
Authors: Smith Jason T. , Ochoa Marien , Intes Xavier
Published: May 2020

Hyperspectral fluorescence lifetime imaging allows for the simultaneous acquisition of spectrally resolved temporal fluorescence emission decays. In turn, the acquired rich multidimensional data set enables simultaneous imaging of multiple fluorescent species for a comprehensive molecular assessment of biotissues. However, to enable quantitative imaging, inherent spectral overlap between the considered fluorescent probes and potential bleed-through must be considered. Such a task is performed via either spectral or lifetime unmixing, typically independently. Herein, we present “UNMIX-ME” (unmix multiple emissions), a deep learning-based fluorescence unmixing routine, capable of quantitative fluorophore unmixing by simultaneously using both spectral and temporal signatures. UNMIX-ME was trained and validated using an in silico framework replicating the data acquisition process of a compressive hyperspectral fluorescent lifetime imaging platform (HMFLI). It was benchmarked against a conventional LSQ method for tri and quadri-exponential simulated samples. Last, UNMIX-ME’s potential was assessed for NIR FRET in vitro and in vivo preclinical applications.
Avaliação das características físicas da bacia hidrográfica do Rio Pariquera-Açu no Baixo Ribeira De Iguape (SP)
Authors: Coliado Pedro Henrique dos Santos , Simonetti Vanessa Cezar , Silva Darllan Collins da Cunha e
Published: May 2020

As características morfométricas das bacias hidrográficas são elementos essenciais para a avaliação do comportamento hidrológico e sua relação com a maximização ou minimização dos impactos ambientais. Dessa forma, o objetivo deste estudo foi analisar a morfometria da bacia hidrográfica do rio Pariquera-Açu no Baixo Ribeira de Iguape (SP) com o uso de técnicas geoprocessamento, visando obter informações que forneçam subsídios para o planejamento e gestão desta área quanto à preservação, racionalização do seu uso e recuperação ambiental. A bacia hidrográfica possui uma área de 345,27 km² e suas principais atividades econômicas provém do cultivo de chá e banana. As curvas de nível foram extraídas do Modelo Digital do Terreno (MDT) do satélite japonês Alos e a hidrografia das cartas topográficas do Instituto Geográfico e Cartográfico (IGC) para determinação dos índices morfométricos. Os resultados demonstraram que os valores medianos da densidade de drenagem, associados à presença de áreas planas e baixo coeficiente de rugosidade, facilitam a infiltração da água no solo, diminuindo o escoamento superficial, bem como o risco de erosão e degradação ambiental, e, ainda, propicia o desenvolvimento agrícola. Os valores baixos do índice de circularidade e do coeficiente de compacidade indicam que a bacia tende a ser alongada, com menor suscetibilidade à ocorrência de enchentes acentuadas. Entretanto, devido ao relevo suave nas áreas próximas aos cursos de água podem ocorrer episódios de enchentes, portanto, estas áreas devem receber uma atenção especial por parte dos gestores públicos ao que tange o monitoramento e ações de conservação.
Non- high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and cardiovascular disease in patients with diabetic dyslipidaemia
Authors: Zambon Alberto
Published: May 2020

Elevated levels of blood lipids are one of the major risk factors for cardiovascular (CV) disease in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Diabetic dyslipidaemia is characterised by the presence of potentially atherogenic lipids, including high levels of plasma triglycerides (TGs), mild-to-moderately elevated levels of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and low levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C). Statin therapy to reduce LDL-C levels is the mainstay of treatment practice to reduce CV risk. However, despite achieving targets for LDL-C, patients with diabetic dyslipidaemia remain at a high risk of residual CV events. Hence there is a need to target other components (i.e. elevated TGs) of the atherogenic dyslipidaemia that are not affected by treatment with statins. This review highlights the clinical benefits of using non-HDL-C, a single marker that includes all atherogenic lipoproteins, as a leading treatment target to reduce the residual CV risk.
A prospective randomized controlled trial of bone metabolism in patients with charcot foot
Authors: Zaitseva Ekaterina L. , Tokmakova Alla Y. , Zhilyaev Viktor M. , Malysheva Natalia M. , Sazonova Natalia I. , Galstyan Gagik R. , Vorontsov Aleksandr V.
Published: May 2020

BACKGROUND: Diabetic neuroosteoarthropathy (DNOAP, Charcots foot) - is a progressive destructive inflammatory disease of the osteoarticular apparatus of the foot, untimely and inadequate treatment of which can lead to the formation of gross deformities. More often, DNOAP is unilateral, bilateral lesion is relatively rare. It is not always possible to trace the relationship between the debut of DNOAP with trauma and chronic hyperglycemia. There is data demonstrating the role of individual pro-inflammatory factors in the pathogenesis of DNOAP, however, studies combining the evaluation of various metabolic markers of Charcots foot formation are currently extremely poor.
AIM: To evaluate the hormonal and metabolic markers of bone formation and resorption in patients with DNOAP and without this diabetic complication.
METHODS: A prospective, controlled trial included 70 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (37 men and 43 women) who formed 2 groups: group 1 included patients with DNOAP, group 2 was formed by patients with diabetes without foot skeleton damage. All patients underwent a study of 1,25-OH-vitamin D, sclerostin, pro-MMP-1, C-terminal propeptide type 1 collagen (PICP), type 1 collagen, osteocalcin, PTH, 25-OH-vitamin D, beta-cross-slaps.
RESULTS: The results of the studies confirmed the presence of vitamin D deficiency in all patients with diabetes mellitus included in the study, revealed the absence of statistically significant differences between the groups in the values of sclerostin, pro-MMP-1; 25-OH-vitamin D, type I collagen, and osteocalcin (p 0.05). However, significant differences were found in the 1.25-OH vitamin D levels: patients with DNOAP presented the lower rates of 1,25-OH-vitamin D in comparison to control group (p 0.05). Beta-cross and PICP levels were significantly higher in DNOAP patients as well (p 0.05). Those findings show the more severe collagen degradation in patients with DNOAP and can be the genetically predisposed cause of DNOAP development. Though further studies are needed.
CONCLUSION: In patients with DNOAP a decrease in 1,25-OH-vitamin D levels was found, as well as the alteration of the synthesis and destruction of collagen (beta-cross-slaps and PICP) compared to patients with diabetes mellitus without osteoarticular disorders.
What are new opportunities for clinical practice the VERIFY study opens and which values for native diabetes patients? Joint conclusion on the advisory board results. November 6, 2019
Authors: Shestakova Marina V. , Antsiferov Mikhail B. , Ametov Alexander S. , Galstyan Gagik R. , Demidova Tatiana Y. , Zilov Alexey V. , Markova Tatiana N. , Petunina Nina A. , Chernikova Natalya A. , Shamkhalova Minara S.
Published: May 2020

According to key diabetic studies, the early use of metformin glucose lowering therapy is associated with a reduced risk of developing micro- and, in the long term, 10-year follow-up, macrovascular complications and cardiovascular mortality. Short-term studies results on combined glucose lowering therapy with metformin suggests that combination therapy can have several advantages on the one side from the effectiveness of glycemic control and on another side from positive effect on the development of complications of type 2 diabetes. The question of the start time of combined hypoglycemic therapy remains open. According to the results of recent large-scale studies, real world evidence data, careful glycemic control during the first year from the moment of diagnosis of type 2 diabetes is crucial for further management of the disease and slow the progression of complications.
However, due to the fact that the clinical benefits of early combination therapy were not demonstrated in randomized clinical trials, this approach, despite the theoretical background, was not recommended for widespread use in international guidelines for the treatment diabetes patients. Russian algorithms on the treatment diabetes patients recommend combined glucose lowering therapy at the start of treatment at a HbA1c level of 1% higher than the target.
A 5-year VERIFY study results were demonstrated long-term sustained glycemic control in combination with vildagliptin + metformin prescribed for native diabetes patients with relatively low HbA1c values, as well as the advantages of this approach in comparison with the standard strategy for phased intensification of monotherapy. The results of the VERIFY study provided a wealth of information to discuss early treatment intensification, the clinical benefits of this approach and a possible review of the treatment strategy for native diabetes patients.
Managerial decisions in logistic systems of milk provision on variable production conditions
Authors: Тryhuba Anatolii , Hridin Oleksandr , Slavina Nataliia , Mushenyk Iryna , Dobrovolska Ella
Published: May 2020

The study of the influence of variable production conditions and the work in logistics milk harvesting systems on the value indicators of their functioning has been carried out. A method that enables to solve the task of coordinating the content of work with variable production conditions is proposed. It has been established that there are seven variants of the content of work in logistics milk harvesting systems, each of which has its own specifics. Computer experiments were carried out using the developed simulation model of logistics processes implementation. On the example of the production conditions of the Brody district in the Lviv region, trends in changing the cost performance of logistics operations for various content during the year are established. On the basis of the defined cost indicators, specific costs of funds for the execution of logistic works for each of the variants of their content are determined. It is substantiated that effective performance of work in logistic systems of milk harvest requires operational planning of their content for each of the days of milk harvest season. The conducted studies will be useful for managers who perform operational planning in logistics milk harvesting systems.
Technology of operational management in the activities of port elevators
Authors: Kuznetsova Inna , Karpenko Yuliia , Vidomenko Iryna
Published: May 2020

The article deals with the main problems of port elevators, which lead to incomplete use of their capacities. They include: the problem of reducing the capacity factor of the elevator capacity, the problem of lack of rhythm of grain picking operations, the problem of inconsistency with railway transport, the problem of storage of different crops and crops of different quality, the problem of loss of time during the shipment of grain to the ship. The necessity of detailed planning of port elevators' operations by the determination of flows of work passing through the system, as well as the control of their implementation, is proved. The graphical model of implementation of the operational function of the port elevator is suggested, which will allow to coordinate its operations and to check the possibility of their implementation during the departure period of the ship. This model establishes the order of operations, as well as the main planning documents that regulate them. The use of a technological map of the implementation of the operational function for describing the list and sequence of basic operations for the formation of a ship batch and its shipment, conditions and requirements for their implementation, as well as information about the equipment used, is suggested. The graphical model and the technological map of the implementation of the port elevator's operational function provide information on the rational sequence and coherence of the operations' planning for the formation of the ship party and its shipment, which reduces the time loss, provides the opportunity to coordinate the work of the elevator with its transportation system.
Financial resource balance of the agricultural sector: case of Ukraine
Authors: Radchenko Oksana , Tsvihun Inna , Yasinetska Iryna , Budniak Liubov
Published: May 2020

The study of financial balance is carried out in order to determine the supply and demand of financial resources for the agricultural sector and is to take into account the factors shaping the economic relations of the personified forms of capital movement. The balance of demand and supply of financial resources institutionally combines the resources of agricultural producers, credit institutions, financial institutions and the state and functionally it involves a set of the functions performed by financial regulation to achieve the goals of agricultural production. Since the concept of balance lies in the plane of financial and credit infrastructure, it is a system of normatively defined institutional and functional elements that form, regulate, mediate and develop financial relations and ensure the functioning of the agricultural sector by creating the resource potential of economic entities to carry out production on a permanent or extended basis. The methodological basis for the formation of the financial balance of the agricultural sector is enriched by new phenomena of domestic and foreign practice. Improving the methods of its formation and functioning is the basis for achieving sustainable long-term development of the agricultural sector and providing it with sufficient financial resources. On this way, it is necessary to take into account both domestic and international experience. If the volume of potential financial resources of the agricultural sector in 2017 amounted to about 1024 billion UAH (37 billion US dollars), then for the period up to 2020 it is predicted that it can grow annually by no less than 215 billion UAH (15-20%) in the next 3-5 years and by the end of 2020 against the level of 2015 will increase by 2.5 times. Sustainable agrarian development requires strategic planning of financial resources for a variety of their sources and state regulation of this process.
Management of small business entities
Authors: Portovaras Tetiana , Harbar Zhanna , Sokurenko Ihor , Samoilyk Iuliia
Published: May 2020

The purpose of the study is to identify the factors influencing the management of the activity of small businesses and to provide recommendations for its development through the resolution of crisis issues that prevent businesses from achieving strategic prospects and stable profits. The main factors for reducing the effectiveness of small businesses have been identified on the basis of the results of the questionnaire survey of one level of managers (small business directors), which should be taken into account in the formation of strategic management decisions and long-term development strategies. It is found that many of the factors are subject to managerial influence, which minimizes the negative impact on the performance of small business entities. The hypothesis that the main tool for stimulating small business development remains the state has confirmed with the help of research, but there is an urgent objective need to identify other factors that influence the activities of small businesses that impede their development and lead to closure. The study suggests that only a balance between the internal environment of small businesses and the regulatory framework of the state will allow them to work effectively in market conditions and provide the national economy with money. The authors present a position on the organization of a small business entity management system that reflects the links between processes and events in a market environment. The presented approach takes into account a number of elements of influence on a small business when forecasting its development in a strategic perspective. The results of the study showed that it is necessary to clearly identify the tasks at each stage of development of a small business entity, to form alternative models of its development by looking for ways to optimize activities and opportunities to avoid possible risks.
The institutionalization of accounting: the impact of national standards on the development of economies
Authors: Semenyshena Nataliia , Khorunzhak Nadiya , Zadorozhnyi Zenovii-Mykhailo
Published: May 2020

The purpose of the study is to establish the essence and identification of the components of institutional accounting theory and substantiate the role and impact of these components on the national economy through the example of standardization. The author's general scheme of the institutional paradigm of institutional accounting and the approach to the development of his theory was built in the study based on a theoretical, empirical generalization, taking into account positive foreign experience, national scientific views and traditions. The examples of changes in GDP after the introduction of accounting standards (which are a structural component of institutional accounting theory) in the 6 largest countries of the world are given as an argument for the positive impact of institutional pragmatics on the national economy using the graphical method. It is proved that the dynamics that can be used to identify the impact of accounting standardization on a country's economy may be the dynamics of its GDP. The expediency of taking into account the institutional environment of Ukraine in the issues of formalization of the Institute of Accounting, as well as its political, environmental and social situation is substantiated. The conducted research confirms the influence of national peculiarities on the results of activation of institutional accounting principles and the presence of individual characteristics of values taken as arguments of indicators. It is substantiated that it is important to find effective indicators to illustrate the impact of each institutional component of accounting on the national economy.
Institutionalization of the agrarian market in Ukraine and European economic community: genesis, evaluation and analysis
Authors: Lohosha Roman , Mykhalchyshyna Larysa , Prylutskyi Anatolii , Kubai Oksana
Published: May 2020

The purpose of the study was to analyse and evaluate the institutionalization of the agricultural market in Ukraine and the European Economic Community. The authors conducted a study devoted to the analysis of the regulatory and legal framework in the field of market economy building and state regulation of the agricultural market in Ukraine during the 1990s - 2020s. It is substantiated that the shortcomings of market reforms and dysfunctions of the agrarian market due to lack of scientific understanding of the role of the factor of normative and legislative support of the processes of market reforms in general, the formation of sectoral markets, as well as their effective functioning by the criterion of timely response to dysfunctions. The study was based on systematic and benchmarking methods. The tasks of the study were solved using such methods as: systematic, historical, deductive, inductive, analysis and synthesis, statistical and comparative analysis. The theoretical provisions of institutional theory in the context of the formalization of the agrarian market institute in Ukraine and the European Economic Union and proved the need to follow the logical coherence and complexity of its institutional support as a necessary element of market reforms in the study has further developed. A model of the process of institutional support of market reforms in Ukraine is proposed. The final stage of the institutionalization of the agrarian market in Ukraine is the achievement of conditions of equivalent market exchange.