bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analysis of coherent structures and atmosphere-canopy coupling strength during the CABINEX field campaign
Authors: Steiner A. L. , Pressley S. N. , Botros A. , Jones E. , Chung S. H. , Edburg S. L.
Published: December 2011

Abstract. Intermittent coherent structures can be responsible for a large fraction of the exchange between a forest canopy and the atmosphere. Quantifying their contribution to momentum and heat fluxes is necessary to interpret measurements of trace gases and aerosols within and above forest canopies. The primary objective of the Community Atmosphere-Biosphere Interactions Experiment (CABINEX) field campaign (10 July 2009 to 9 August 2009) was to study the chemistry of volatile organic compounds (VOC) within and above a forest canopy. In this manuscript we provide an analysis of coherent structures and canopy-atmosphere exchange during CABINEX to support in-canopy gradient measurements of VOC. We quantify the number and duration of coherent structure events and their percent contribution to momentum and heat fluxes with two methods: (1) quadrant-hole analysis, and (2) wavelet analysis. Despite differences in the duration and number of events, both methods predict that coherent structures contribute 40–50% to momentum fluxes and 44–65% to heat fluxes during the CABINEX campaign. Contributions associated with coherent structures are slightly greater under stable atmospheric conditions. By comparing heat fluxes within and above the canopy, we determine the degree of coupling between upper canopy and atmosphere, and find that they are coupled the majority of the time. Uncoupled canopy-atmosphere events occur in the early morning (4–8 a.m. local time) approximately 30% of the time. This study confirms that coherent structures contribute significantly to the exchange of heat and momentum between the canopy and atmosphere at the CABINEX site, and indicates the need to include these transport processes when studying the mixing and chemical reactions of trace gases and aerosols between a forest canopy and the atmosphere.
Dissolved and particulate reactive nitrogen in the Elbe River/NW Europe: a 2-yr N-isotope study
Authors: Schlarbaum T. , Dähnke K. , Emeis K.
Published: December 2011

Abstract. Rivers collect and transport reactive nitrogen to coastal seas as nitrate, ammonium, dissolved organic nitrogen (DON), or particulate nitrogen. DON is an important component of reactive nitrogen in rivers and is suspected to contribute to coastal eutrophication, but little is known about seasonality of DON loads and turnover within rivers. We measured the concentrations and the isotope ratios 15N/14N of combined DON + NH4+ (δ15DON + NH4+), nitrate (δ15N − NO3−) and particulate nitrogen (δ15PN) in the non-tidal Elbe River (SE North Sea, NW Europe) over a period of 2 yr (June 2005 to December 2007) at monthly resolution. Combined DON + NH4+ concentrations ranged from 22 to 75 μM and comprised nearly 23% of total dissolved nitrogen in the Elbe River in annual mean; PN and nitrate concentrations ranged from 11 to 127 μM, and 33 to 422 μM, respectively. Combined PN and DON + NH4+ concentrations were, to a first approximation, inversely correlated to nitrate concentrations. δ15DON + NH4+, which varied between from 0.8‰ to 11.5‰, changed in parallel to δ15PN (range 6 to 10‰), and both were anti-correlated to δ15N − NO3− (range 6 to 23‰). Seasonal patterns of DON + NH4+ concentrations and δ15DON + NH4+ diverge from those expected from biological DON + NH4+ production in the river alone and suggest that the elution of organic fertilisers significantly affects the DON + NH4+ pool in the Elbe River.
Floating sandstones off El Hierro (Canary Islands, Spain): the peculiar case of the October 2011 eruption
Authors: Troll V. R. , Klügel A. , Longpré M.-A. , Burchardt S. , Deegan F. M. , Carracedo J. C. , Wiesmaier S. , Kueppers U. , Dahren B. , Blythe L. S. , Hansteen T. , Freda C. , Budd D. A. , Jolis E. M. , Jonsson E. , Meade F. , Berg S. , Mancini L. , Polacci M.
Published: December 2011

Abstract. The eruption that started off the south coast of El Hierro, Canary Islands, in October 2011 has emitted intriguing eruption products found floating in the sea. These specimens appeared as floating volcanic "bombs" that have in the meantime been termed "restingolites" (after the close-by village of La Restinga) and exhibit cores of white and porous pumice-like material. Currently the nature and origin of these "floating stones" is vigorously debated among researchers, with important implications for the interpretation of the hazard potential of the ongoing eruption. The "restingolites" have been proposed to be either (i) juvenile high-silica magma (e.g. rhyolite), (ii) remelted magmatic material (trachyte), (iii) altered volcanic rock, or (iv) reheated hyaloclastites or zeolite from the submarine slopes of El Hierro. Here, we provide evidence that supports yet a different conclusion. We have collected and analysed the structure and composition of samples and compared the results to previous work on similar rocks found in the archipelago. Based on their high silica content, the lack of igneous trace element signatures, and the presence of remnant quartz crystals, jasper fragments and carbonate relicts, we conclude that "restingolites" are in fact xenoliths from pre-island sedimentary rocks that were picked up and heated by the ascending magma causing them to partially melt and vesiculate. They hence represent messengers from depth that help us to understand the interaction between ascending magma and crustal lithologies in the Canary Islands as well as in similar Atlantic islands that rest on sediment/covered ocean crust (e.g. Cape Verdes, Azores). The occurrence of these "restingolites" does therefore not indicate the presence of an explosive high-silica magma that is involved in the ongoing eruption.
Tribological Behavior of Hastelloy C and Refractalloy 26
Authors: Varela A. , García A. , Mier J. L. , Barbadillo F. , Camba C.
Published: December 2011

This paper compares the abrasive wear behaviour of two nickel alloys (Hastelloy and Refractalloy). Wear was calculated by weight loss using pin-on-disk tests that were carried out at certain values of load, speed, and temperature range. The study is completed with metallographic observations at different temperatures of the wear tracks before and after the tests. Also, the variation of the coefficient of friction with temperature is calculated in the two alloys studied.
HIV Awareness and Risk Behavior among Pregnant Women in Mateete, Uganda (2010)
Authors: Sandqvist Josefin , Wahlberg Johanna , Muhumuza Elly , Andersson Rune
Published: December 2011

Background. The aim of the study was to evaluate current knowledge, risk behavior, and attitudes among pregnant women in Mateete, Uganda. Methods. We collected 100 questionnaires and performed 20 interviews among women who attended antenatal care. Findings. All the women had heard about HIV/AIDS, and 92% were aware of mother-to-child transmission. The women overestimated the risk of achieving the virus since 45% believed in transmission by mosquitoes and 44% by kissing. Many pointed out that married women as a group were infected more often because of unfaithful partners who refused to use condoms during sex. Conclusion. The women were well aware of the routes of HIV transmission. Schools and governmental campaigns have played an important role in educating people about the disease but there is still a great need to reach out to people in rural areas with both health care and correct information.
Growth and Nutrient Uptake Responses of Kinnow to Vesicular Arbuscular Mycorrhizae
Authors: Shamshiri M. H. , Usha K. , Singh Bhupinder
Published: December 2011

In a field experiment, three-year-old Kinnow trees budded on Jatti Katti (C. jambhiri) rootstock were inoculated by three different arbuscular mycorrhiza (AM), Glomus manihotis (T1), Glomus mosseae (T2), and Gigaspora gigantia (T3), separately or in combination (T4). Microscopic assessment of AM colonization on Kinnow roots showed a relatively lower level of infection by different species when inoculated separately than when inoculaed together. Application of AM improved growth parameters like plant height, canopy volume, mean leaf area, and number of new shoots per plant but had no effect on trunk diameter, number of leaf per new shoot and new shoot diameter. Flowering phenology was also altered by AM infection. The infected plants produced more flowers which despite abscission caused an increase in the initial number of fruits. AM inoculation increased plant phosphorous in T3, potassium in T1, T2, T3, calcium in T2, T3, T4, and the AM-nutrient relationship did not reveal any generalized pattern. Inoculated plants, however, had higher concentration of different elements by the second year of the experiment indicating towards the continuous and cumulative effect of AM infection on plant nutrient accumulation. Further, the beneficial effects of AM on Kinnow were not related to the difference in the species of mycorrhiza.
Performance Characteristics of Mucinous (Colloid) Carcinoma of the Breast in Fine-Needle Aspirates: Observations From the College of American Pathologists Interlaboratory Comparison Program in Nongynecologic Cytopathology
Authors: Laucirica Rodolfo , Bentz Joel S , Khalbuss Walid E , Clayton Amy C , Souers Rhona J , Moriarty Ann T
Published: December 2011

Context.—Mucinous breast carcinoma has characteristic cytologic features, but few studies exist that analyze the reproducibility of this diagnosis.

Objective.—To analyze participants' diagnosis of mucinous carcinoma in breast fine-needle aspiration (FNA) slides distributed in an educational interlaboratory peer comparison program.

Design.—Participant responses for FNA slides with a reference diagnosis of mucinous carcinoma, distributed between 2001–2008 in the College of American Pathologists Interlaboratory Comparison Program in Nongynecologic Cytopathology, were evaluated for concordance with the general category and reference diagnosis of mucinous carcinoma.

Results.—Of 8061 responses, 6353 (78.8%) were categorized as malignant; 775 (9.6%) as suspicious; and 933 (11.6%) as negative. The most frequent incorrect responses for the benign category included fibroadenoma (51.7%), nonspecified benign lesion (12%), fibrocystic changes (7.8%), and fat necrosis/granulomatosis/foreign body reaction (6.9%). Conventional Papanicolaou-stained preparations were reviewed for 58.7% (4732) of responses; of these, 39.4% (3177) were from modified Giemsa–stained smears and 1.9% (152) from ThinPrep slides. Papanicolaou-stained conventional smears had the lowest concordance (86.5%) when compared to modified Giemsa–stained smears (91.2%) and ThinPrep challenges (92.1%) (P < .001). Participants specifically diagnosed mucinous carcinoma 37.3% of the time, and modified Giemsa–stained challenges performed best (43.1%, P < .001). There was no significant difference between cytotechnologists' and pathologists' responses (87.9% versus 88.2%; P  =  .69).

Conclusions.—Mucinous carcinoma in FNA was not accurately identified in a glass slide interlaboratory comparison program. We observed better performance with modified Giemsa–stained and ThinPrep slides than with Papanicolaou-stained preparations. The most common response for the benign category of mucinous carcinoma was fibroadenoma. Increased awareness of the cytologic features of mucinous carcinoma may improve accuracy in breast FNA.
The Beginnings of Pathology in America: A Contemporary Analysis of William E. Horner's A Treatise on Pathological Anatomy
Authors: Quinonez Guillermo , McLendon William W
Published: December 2011

Context.—A Treatise on Pathological Anatomy, published in 1829 by William E. Horner, is the first American textbook on pathology. Several articles have been written on Horner, but they do not evaluate the role that the knowledge he recorded played on the intellectual origin of the discipline of pathology in America. Only one article, published in 1930, deals in some detail with the content of the Treatise. Because of new historiographic standards, this is an opportunity to expand on, and update, that article. Furthermore, Horner's book is now available free online, and print-on-demand paperback copies can be ordered for a modest cost from online booksellers.

Objective.—To describe the organization and structure of the scientific knowledge found in the Treatise with the intent of demonstrating how this material created the intellectual basis for the origin of pathology as a discipline in America.

Design.—Using current historiographic standards, the knowledge included in the book is examined and contextualized within the social, professional, and educational conditions existing at the time of publication. The essay also includes biographic data on the author.

Results.—The Treatise contains important information on the principles, ideas, and practice of pathology in the nineteenth century and illustrates the influence of French literature on the author.

Conclusion.—The contribution of the Treatise as the first formal textbook on the subject in America is seminal and should be the basis for further historic studies on the organization and structure of scientific knowledge in pathology in America.
Behavioral and Memory Boosting Effects of Intellan and Cyanocobalamin in Mice
Authors: Najam Rahela , Anser Humera
Published: December 2011

The aim of this study was to compare the effect of selected drugs, Intellan and cyanocobalamin on some aspects of animal behavior, like effect on memory, depression, gross behavior and exploratory activity. Results of present investigations reveals cyanocobalamin to be a good memory enhancer and intellan also showed memory boosting effects in addition to anti-anxiety activity which affects overall performance.
Evaluation of qualitative methods for phenotyping brachymesophalangia‐V from radiographs of children
Authors: Williams Kimberly D. , Nahhas Ramzi W. , Cottom Carol R. , Lawrence Sharon , Subedi Janardan , Jha Bharat , Czerwinski Stefan A. , Blangero John , Williams‐Blangero Sarah , Towne Bradford
Published: December 2011

Objective: Brachymesophalangia‐V (BMP‐V), the general term for a short and broad middle phalanx of the 5th digit, presents both alone and in a large number of complex brachydactylies and developmental disorders. Past anthropological and epidemiological studies of growth and development have examined the prevalence of BMP‐V because small developmental disorders may signal more complex disruptions of skeletal growth and development. Historically, however, consensus on qualitative phenotype methodology has not been established. In large‐scale, non‐clinical studies such as the Fels Longitudinal Study and the Jiri Growth Study, quantitative assessment of the hand is not always the most efficient manner of screening for skeletal dysmorphologies. The current study evaluates qualitative phenotyping techniques for BMP‐V used in past anthropological studies of growth and development to establish a useful and reliable screening method for large study samples.

Methods: A total of 1,360 radiographs from Jiri Growth Study participants aged 3–18 years were evaluated. BMP‐V was assessed using three methods: (1) subjective evaluation of length and width of the bone; (2) comparison with skeletal age‐matched radiographs; and (3) subjective evaluation of the length of the middle 4th and 5th phalanges.

Results: We found that the method that uses skeletal age‐matched reference radiographs is the better tool for assessing BMP‐V because it considers the shape, rather than solely the length and width of the bone, which can be difficult to judge accurately without measurement. This study highlights the complexity of phenotypic assessment of BMP‐V and by extension other brachydactylies. Am. J. Hum. Biol., 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
ChemInform Abstract: Tetrakis(tetramethylammonium) Tricarbonatodioxidouranate Octahydrate.
Authors: Reed Wendy A. , Oliver Allen G. , Rao Linfeng
Published: December 2011

Single crystals of (Me4N)4 [UO2(CO3)3]·8H2O are grown by slow evaporation (25 °C, 6 weeks) of an aqueous solution of uranyl 1‐hydroxyethane‐1,1‐diphosphonate and Me4NOH.
ChemInform Abstract: Structural and Physical Properties of the New Intermetallic Compound Yb3Pd2Sn2.
Authors: Solokha P. , Curlik I. , Giovannini M. , Lee‐Hone N. R. , Reiffers M. , Ryan D. H. , Saccone A.
Published: December 2011

The title compound is obtained from a stoichiometric melt of the elements and its crystal structure is determined by powder XRD.
ChemInform Abstract: Low Temperature Heat Capacity and Magnetic Properties of UF3.
Authors: Benes O. , Griveau J.‐C. , Colineau E. , Sedmidubsky D. , Konings R. J. M.
Published: December 2011

The heat capacity of UF3 is measured over the broad temperature range 0.5—350 K.
ChemInform Abstract: Thioether‐Phosphite: New Ligands for the Highly Enantioselective Ir‐Catalyzed Hydrogenation of Minimally Functionalized Olefins.
Authors: Coll Mercedes , Pamies Oscar , Dieguez Montserrat
Published: December 2011

The new heterodonor ligands readily available from inexpensive natural D‐xylose, combine a good stability with an excellent enantioinduction in the asymmetric hydrogenation of alkenes including challenging 1,1‐disubstituted terminal olefins.
ChemInform Abstract: “On Water” Nucleophilic Addition of Formaldehyde N,N‐Dialkylhydrazones to α‐Keto Esters.
Authors: Crespo‐Pena Ana , Martin‐Zamora Eloisa , Fernandez Rosario , Lassaletta Jose M.
Published: December 2011

The use of water as the reaction mixture is key for the nucleophilic addition of formaldehyde hydrazones to α‐keto esters, leading to highly functionalized carbinols in high yields and short reaction times.
ChemInform Abstract: Expedient Synthesis of N‐Acyl Anthranilamides and β‐Enamine Amides by the Rh(III)‐Catalyzed Amidation of Aryl and Vinylic C—H Bonds with Isocyanates.
Authors: Hesp Kevin D. , Bergman Robert G. , Ellman Jonathan A.
Published: December 2011

Rhodium‐catalyzed reaction of enamides and anilides with isocyanates provides access to enamine amides, e.g. (III) and (VI), and N‐acyl anthranilamides, e.g. (X) and (VIII).
ChemInform Abstract: A Facile Synthesis of α‐Fluoro Ketones Catalyzed by [Cp*IrCl2]2.
Authors: Ahlsten Nanna , Bartoszewicz Agnieszka , Agrawal Santosh , Martin‐Matute Belen
Published: December 2011

The direct fluorination of allylic alcohols is based on Selectfluor as fluorine source in the presence of iridium catalyst.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium(II)‐Catalyzed Cycloisomerization of Functionalized 1,5‐Hexadienes.
Authors: Nelson Bjoern , Hiller Wolf , Pollex Annett , Hiersemann Martin
Published: December 2011

The method renders possible a selective cycloisomerization to afford methylene cyclopentanes.
ChemInform Abstract: N‐Boc‐O‐Tosyl Hydroxylamine as a Safe and Efficient Nitrogen Source for the N‐Amination of Aryl and Alkyl Amines: Electrophylic Amination.
Authors: Baburaj Thankappan , Thambidurai Sivalingam
Published: December 2011

The reagent (I) is prepared in a two‐step sequence from hydroxylamine, isolated as white crystalline solid and found to be less energetic compared to known amination agents.
ChemInform Abstract: Direct Asymmetric Aldol Reactions in Brine with Recyclable Fluorous β‐Aminosulfonamide Organocatalysts.
Authors: Miura Tsuyoshi , Imai Kie , Kasuga Hikaru , Ina Mariko , Tada Norihiro , Imai Nobuyuki , Itoh Akichika
Published: December 2011

A fluorinated diamine organocatalyst is successfully applied in the aldol reaction of various aromatic aldehydes towards cyclic ketones.
ChemInform Abstract: Organocatalytic Asymmetric Sulfa‐Michael Addition of Thiols to 4,4,4‐Trifluorocrotonates.
Authors: Dong Xiu‐Qin , Fang Xin , Wang Chun‐Jiang
Published: December 2011

Starting from (E)‐configurated substrates, (S)‐adducts are obtained while the (Z)‐isomers yield the (R)‐products.
ChemInform Abstract: Cyclization Reaction for the Synthesis of Polysubstituted Naphthalenes in the Presence of Au(I) Precatalysts.
Authors: Jagdale Arun R. , Park Jong Hyub , Youn So Won
Published: December 2011

Treatment of trisubstituted styrenes and β‐substituted allylic benzenes like (IIIa) and (XV) with AuCl(PPh3)/AgOTf allows access to a number of naphthalene derivatives.
ChemInform Abstract: Ruthenium‐Catalyzed Oxidative C—H Bond Alkenylations in Water: Expedient Synthesis of Annulated Lactones.
Authors: Ackermann Lutz , Pospech Jola
Published: December 2011

The process allows the preparation of a broad spectrum of phthalides, accompanied in the case of (XVI) by the acrylic acid ester (XVII) as a product resulting from alkenylation/decarboxylation.
ChemInform Abstract: A Facile, Three‐Component Domino Protocol for the Microwave‐Assisted Synthesis of Functionalized Naphtho[2,3‐b]furan‐4,9‐diones in Water.
Authors: Prasanna Pitchaimani , Balamurugan Kamaraj , Perumal Subbu , Menendez J. Carlos
Published: December 2011

The reaction can also be conducted under conventional reflux conditions giving slightly lower yields.
ChemInform Abstract: ZrOCl2·8H2O as a Highly Efficient, Eco‐Friendly and Recyclable Lewis Acid Catalyst for One‐Pot Synthesis of N‐Substituted Pyrroles under Solvent‐Free Conditions at Room Temperature.
Authors: Rahmatpour Ali
Published: December 2011

A wide range of N‐substituted title compounds is synthesized by condensation of 2,5‐hexanedione (I) with (hetero)aromatic and aliphatic amines.
ChemInform Abstract: Gluconic Acid Aqueous Solution as a Sustainable and Recyclable Promoting Medium for Organic Reactions.
Authors: Zhou Binghua , Yang Jie , Li Minghao , Gu Yanlong
Published: December 2011

The application of gluconic acid aqueous solution as a new and environmentally friendly solvent in Michael addition reaction of indoles to α,β‐unsaturated ketones, electrophilic ring‐opening reactions of dihydropyran with indoles and Friedel—Crafts alkylation reactions is presented.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed Construction of Polycyclic Heterocycles by an Alkyne Insertion and Direct Arylation Cascade.
Authors: Ohno Hiroaki , Yamamoto Mio , Iuchi Mutsumi , Fujii Nobutaka , Tanaka Tetsuaki
Published: December 2011

The cyclization of bromostyrenes provides a synthesis of hetero‐ or carbocyclic tri‐ and tetracyclic ring systems.
ChemInform Abstract: Cu(II)‐Catalyzed Olefin Migration and Prins Cyclization: Highly Diastereoselective Synthesis of Substituted Tetrahydropyrans.
Authors: Ghosh Arun K. , Nicponski Daniel R.
Published: December 2011

Treatment of the alkenols (I) and (IV) with aldehydes in the presence of Cu(O‐Ac)2 and bisphosphine allows convenient and highly stereoselective access to trans‐substituted tetrahydropyrans.
ChemInform Abstract: Rhodium‐Catalyzed Domino Enantioselective Synthesis of Bicyclo[2.2.2]lactones.
Authors: Boyer Alistair , Lautens Mark
Published: December 2011

The asymmetric transformation of substituted oxabicyclic alkenes into bicyclo[2.2.2]lactones is reported.
ChemInform Abstract: Iodine/AcCl‐Catalyzed Prins‐Ritter Reaction: Synthesis of 4‐Amido Tetrahydropyrans.
Authors: Srinivasan P. , Perumal P. T. , Raja S.
Published: December 2011

Homoallylic alcohols (I), carbonyl compounds (II) or (V) and acetonitrile (III) undergo a smooth Prins‐Ritter‐type cyclization in the presence of iodine/AcCl to produce 4‐acetamido tetrahydropyrans (IV) or (VI) in high yields with all‐cis‐selectivity.
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective Synthesis of Polycyclic Coumarin Derivatives Catalyzed by an in situ Formed Primary Amine—Imine Catalyst.
Authors: Zhu Xi , Lin Aijun , Shi Yan , Guo Jingyu , Zhu Chengjian , Cheng Yixiang
Published: December 2011

The imine efficiently promotes the asymmetric Michael addition of cyclic and acyclic enones to 4‐hydroxycoumarins.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium(II)‐Catalyzed Direct Intermolecular Alkenylation of Chromones.
Authors: Kim Donghee , Hong Sungwoo
Published: December 2011

The new and efficient method produces 3‐vinylchromone derivatives as versatile synthons.
ChemInform Abstract: A Molecular Probe for the Optical Detection of Biogenic Amines.
Authors: Lee Boram , Scopelliti Rosario , Severin Kay
Published: December 2011

Coumarin derivative (I) allows for the detection of biogenic amines in buffered aqueous solution by UV/VIS or fluorescence spectroscopy.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 1‐Aminoisoquinolines via Rh(III)‐Catalyzed Oxidative Coupling.
Authors: Wei Xiaohong , Zhao Miao , Du Zhengyin , Li Xingwei
Published: December 2011

A broad spectrum of substrates can be used in the process, where the steric bulk of the C‐aryl ring has a significant influence on the selectivity and efficiency of the procedure.
ChemInform Abstract: Pd‐Catalyzed Direct Cross‐Coupling of Electron‐Deficient Polyfluoroarenes with Heteroaromatic Tosylates.
Authors: Fan Shilu , Yang Jie , Zhang Xingang
Published: December 2011

The method provides a simple, mild, and convenient approach to perfluoroarylated azines and diazines which are of biological interest.
ChemInform Abstract: pH‐Regulated Transfer Hydrogenation of Quinoxalines with a Cp*Ir—Diamine Catalyst in Aqueous Media.
Authors: Tan Jing , Tang Weijun , Sun Yawei , Jiang Zhen , Chen Fei , Xu Lijin , Fan Qinghua , Xiao Jianliang
Published: December 2011

Transfer hydrogenation of quinoxalines with sodium formate in aqueous solution proceeds smoothly in the presence of an iridium—trifluoromethylbenzenesulfoxamido ethylenediamine catalyst to give tetrahydroquinoxalines, e.g. (II), (IV), (VI) or (VIII), in excellent yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Metal‐Free Oxyaminations of Alkenes Using Hydroxamic Acids.
Authors: Schmidt Valerie A. , Alexanian Erik J.
Published: December 2011

A metal‐free radical‐induced oxyamination of alkenes is presented.
ChemInform Abstract: Stereoselective Glycosylation of endo‐Glycals by Microwave‐ and AlCl3‐Assisted Catalysis.
Authors: Lin Hui‐Chang , Pan Jia‐Fu , Chen Yen‐Bo , Lin Zi‐Ping , Lin Chun‐Hung
Published: December 2011

Microwave‐assisted glycosylation of endo‐glycals with various O‐nucleophiles proceeds smoothly in the presence of catalytic amounts of AlCl3 to give 2‐deoxyglycosides, e.g. (III) or (V), with high α‐stereoselectivity.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of the Pyridine Core of Cyclothiazomycin.
Authors: Zou Yan , Liu Qingyang , Deiters Alexander
Published: December 2011

Key step is the regioselective [2 + 2 + 2] cycloaddition of nitrile (II) to the diyne (I).
ChemInform Abstract: Total Synthesis and Structure Revision of Deacetylravidomycin M.
Authors: Ben Akimi , Hsu Day‐Shin , Matsumoto Takashi , Suzuki Keisuke
Published: December 2011

The title natural compound is not the amine but the enantiomer of synthesized N‐oxide (+)‐(I).
ChemInform Abstract: Metal—Organic Frameworks as Heterogeneous Catalysts for Oxidation Reactions.
Authors: Dhakshinamoorthy Amarajothi , Alvaro Mercedes , Garcia Hermenegildo
Published: December 2011

Review: 91 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Biomimetic Synthesis of Alkaloids with a Modified Indole Nucleus
Authors: Gaich Tanja , Mulzer Johann
Published: December 2011

Review: 177 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Biomimetic Synthesis of Polyether Natural Products via Polyepoxide Opening
Authors: Vilotijevic Ivan , Jamison Timothy F.
Published: December 2011

Review: 224 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Biomimetic Synthesis of Non‐Aromatic Polycyclic Polyketides
Authors: Nay Bastien , Riache Nassima
Published: December 2011

Review: 150 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Polyprenylated Phloroglucinols and Xanthones
Authors: Dakanali Marianna , Theodorakis Emmanuel A.
Published: December 2011

Review: 134 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Chemical Synthesis of Natural Products
Authors: Duan Wen‐Hu
Published: December 2011

Review: 68 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Iridium‐Catalyzed Hydrogenation Using Phosphorus Ligands
Authors: Dieguez Montserrat , Pamies Oscar , Claver Carmen
Published: December 2011

Review: 54 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Dendrimers and Miktoarm Polymers Based Multivalent Nanocarriers for Efficient and Targeted Drug Delivery
Authors: Soliman Ghareb M. , Sharma Anjali , Maysinger Dusica , Kakkar Ashok
Published: December 2011

Review: 252 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Recent Advances in Material for Extended‐Release Antibiotic Delivery System
Authors: Gao Ping , Nie Xin , Zou Meijuan , Shi Yijie , Cheng Gang
Published: December 2011

Review: 89 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Chemical Constituents and Biological Activities of Nepeta Species
Authors: Formisano Carmen , Rigano Daniela , Senatore Felice
Published: December 2011

Review: 205 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Geochemical Processes Affecting Electrochemical Remediation
Authors: Yeung Albert T.
Published: December 2011

Review: 75 refs.
Homogeneous Product Quality in Spray Drying with Laminar Operated Rotary Atomizers
Authors: Mescher Axel , Littringer Eva M. , Paus Raphael , Urbanetz Nora A. , Walzel Peter
Published: December 2011

Der Einfluss der Zerstäubungsmethode auf die Homogenität sprühgetrockneter Produkte wird diskutiert. Eng verteilte Tropfengrößen sind die Voraussetzung für einheitliche Trocknungsverläufe und Morphologien der Einzelpartikel. Am Beispiel der Sprühtrocknung von Polyvinylpyrrolidon und D‐Mannitol aus wässriger Lösung wird die laminar betriebene Rotationszerstäubung als geeignete Zerstäubungsmethode für ein eng verteiltes System angewendet. Durch die wenig streuenden Trocknungsbedingungen werden für die verwendeten Stoffsysteme homogene Pulvereigenschaften erzielt. Die besonderen Anforderungen, die die eingesetzte Zerstäubungsmethode an die Heißgasführung im Sprühtrockner stellt, werden erläutert und eine neue Gasverteilungsgeometrie vorgestellt.
On‐Column Solvent‐Free Oxidative Cleavage Reactions of Vicinal Diols by Silica Gel and Paraperiodic Acid: Application to In‐Situ Sequential Oxidation and Knoevenagel Reactions
Authors: Dakdouki Saada C. , Villemin Didier , Bar Nathalie
Published: December 2011

An on‐column solvent‐free oxidative cleavage reaction of vicinal diols by paraperiodic acid supported on silica gel at room temperature is described. The resulting pure carbonyl compounds are prepared in good to excellent yields with short reaction times. The cleavage reactions proceed under mild conditions, which avoids further cyclization reactions of the product dialdehydes. This method is also used for sequential oxidation and Knoevenagel reactions to prepare condensation products in good yields by using paraperiodic acid on a mixed bed of alumina and silica gel.
The need for operational reasoning in data‐driven rating curve prediction of suspended sediment
Authors: Mount Nick J. , Abrahart Robert J. , Dawson Christian W. , Ab Ghani Ngahzaifa
Published: December 2011

The use of data‐driven modelling techniques to deliver improved suspended sediment rating curves has received considerable interest in recent years. Studies indicate an increased level of performance over traditional approaches when such techniques are adopted. However, closer scrutiny reveals that, unlike their traditional counterparts, data‐driven solutions commonly include lagged sediment data as model inputs, and this seriously limits their operational application. In this paper, we argue the need for a greater degree of operational reasoning underpinning data‐driven rating curve solutions and demonstrate how incorrect conclusions about the performance of a data‐driven modelling technique can be reached when the model solution is based upon operationally invalid input combinations. We exemplify the problem through the re‐analysis and augmentation of a recent and typical published study, which uses gene expression programming to model the rating curve. We compare and contrast the previously published solutions, whose inputs negate their operational application, with a range of newly developed and directly comparable traditional and data‐driven solutions, which do have operational value. Results clearly demonstrate that the performance benefits of the published gene expression programming solutions are dependent on the inclusion of operationally limiting, lagged data inputs. Indeed, when operationally inapplicable input combinations are discounted from the models and the analysis is repeated, gene expression programming fails to perform as well as many simpler, more standard multiple linear regression, piecewise linear regression and neural network counterparts. The potential for overstatement of the benefits of the data‐driven paradigm in rating curve studies is thus highlighted. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Phosphatase of regenerating liver‐3 promotes migration and invasion by upregulating matrix metalloproteinases‐7 in human colorectal cancer cells
Authors: Lee Su‐Kyung , Han Young‐Min , Yun Jieun , Lee Chang Woo , Shin Dae‐Seop , Ha Young‐Ran , Kim Jina , Koh Jong Sung , Hong Su‐Hyung , Han Dong Cho , Kwon Byoung‐Mog
Published: December 2011

Phosphatase of regenerating liver (PRL)‐3, a member of a subgroup of protein tyrosine phosphatases that can stimulate the degradation of the extracellular matrix, is over‐expressed in metastatic colorectal cancer (CRC) relative to primary tumors. To determine whether PRL‐3‐induced enhancement of migration and invasion is dependent on the expression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), PRL‐3 was expressed in DLD‐1 human CRC cells. The motility, migration and invasion characteristics of the cells were examined, and metastasis to the lung was confirmed in a nude mouse using PRL‐3‐overexpressing DLD‐1 cells [DLD‐1 (PRL‐3)]. Migration and invasion of the cells were inhibited by phosphatase and farnesyltransferase inhibitors. Expression of MMPs was enhanced 3‐ to 10‐fold in comparison to control cells, and migration and invasion were partially inhibited by small interfering RNA (siRNA) knockdown of MMP‐2, ‐13 or ‐14. Importantly, siRNA knockdown of MMP‐7 completely inhibited the migration and invasion of DLD‐1 (PRL‐3) cells, whereas overexpression of MMP‐7 increased migration. The expression of MMP‐7 was also downregulated by phosphatase and farnesyltransferase inhibitors. It was found that PRL‐3 induced MMP‐7 through oncogenic pathways including PI3K/AKT and ERK and that there is a relationship between the expression of PRL‐3 and MMP‐7 in human tumor cell lines. The expression of MMP‐13 and ‐14 was very sensitive to the inhibition of farnesyltransferase; however, the migration and invasion of DLD‐1 (PRL‐3) cells did not strongly depend on the expression of MMP‐13 or ‐14. These results suggest that the migration and invasion of PRL‐3‐expressing CRC cells depends primarily on the expression of MMP‐7.
On the use of big‐bang method to generate low‐energy structures of atomic clusters modeled with pair potentials of different ranges
Authors: Marques J. M. C. , Pais A. A. C. C. , Abreu P. E.
Published: December 2011

The efficiency of the so‐called big‐bang method for the optimization of atomic clusters is analysed in detail for Morse pair potentials with different ranges; here, we have used Morse potentials with four different ranges, from long‐ ρ = 3) to short‐ranged ρ = 14) interactions. Specifically, we study the efficacy of the method in discovering low‐energy structures, including the putative global minimum, as a function of the potential range and the cluster size. A new global minimum structure for long‐ranged ρ = 3) Morse potential at the cluster size of n= 240 is reported. The present results are useful to assess the maximum cluster size for each type of interaction where the global minimum can be discovered with a limited number of big‐bang trials. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comput Chem, 2012
Morphology and morphometry of the reproductive system of female Saguinus midas (Linnaeus, 1758)
Authors: Da Silva Monteiro Nathaly Cristine , De Lima Ana Rita , De Carvalho Ana Flávia , De Carvalho Garcia Rafael , Therrier Joanne , Souza Ana Carla Barros , Pereira Luiza Correia , Branco Erika
Published: December 2011

In this article, the reproductive system's morphology of three young animals of the species Saguinus midas, from the bauxite mine in Paragominas, is described. The specimens were fixed and preserved in a solution of 10% aqueous formaldehyde, followed by dissection, measurement of the genital organs (uterus, vagina, ovaries, and uterine tubes), and histological processing. The vulva is delimited by the labia, with a clitoris. It is lined by keratinized stratified squamous epithelium with sebaceous glands of holocrine secretion. The vagina is an elongated tube with an average length of 26 mm and diameter of 1 mm, presenting a non‐keratinized squamous epithelium, disposed between the vestibule of the vagina and cervix, the latter being relatively short. The uterus is simple, has globular shape and is located in the caudal portion of the abdominal cavity, with an average length of 14 mm and average width of 7 mm. It is formed by vascular and serous layers of muscles, and undergoes a bifurcation to form two structures on the bottom of blind sac. The uterine tubes are long and convoluted with an average length of 35 mm (right) and 36 mm (left), consisting of loose connective tissue and muscle layer lined by simple ciliated columnar epithelium. The ovaries are large and ellipsoid with smooth surface. Histologically, one animal showed ovulation fosse. Microsc. Res. Tech. 75:720–726, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Equivalence or complementarity of soil‐solution extraction methods
Authors: Schlotter Dominik , Schack‐Kirchner Helmer , Hildebrand Ernst E. , von Wilpert Klaus
Published: December 2011

Several methods are used for the extraction of soil solution. The objective of this study was to find out to what extent the different extraction methods yield complementary or equivalent information. Soil solutions were sampled once at 10 different forest sites in Germany, with 4 sampling points per site, using 5 different extraction methods. Concentrations of the major ions in the 1:2 extracts and the equilibrium soil‐pore solutions (obtained from percolation of field‐fresh soil cores) were generally lower than in desorption solutions, suction‐cup solutions, and saturation extracts. Surprisingly, the latter three methods generally yielded equivalent results. However, possible systematic differences between these methods could have been masked by the high small‐scale spatial variability within the sites.
Estimating underreported N2 disease in rectal cancer patients with low lymph node counts
Authors: Huebner Marianne , Therneau Terry , Larson David
Published: December 2011

Background

The variability in the number of lymph nodes examined needs to be taken into account for adequate staging. The definition of nodal staging was refined by quantifying the likelihood of N2 disease when the patient had fewer than four positive LN.

Methods

In a retrospective study a total of 548 patients with node positive rectal cancer and curative surgery between 1990 and 2006 were identified. The misclassification of pN staging was estimated with a Bayesian computation. The prognostic value of the calculated probability, lymph node ratio (LNR), and nodal stage was assessed with Cox proportional hazard regression.

Results

A probability of understaging of 40% or more indicated worse prognosis of cancer‐specific survival (CSS) with hazard ratio 2.6 (95%CI: 1.8–3.9, P < 0.001). The concordance index of a multivariate model with probability of N2 disease as a prognostic factor for survival was 0.68 for all patients and 0.75 for patients with less than 10 lymph nodes examined.

Conclusion

Utilizing estimated probabilities of N2 disease improves our ability to predict survival, in particular in patients with low LN count. These probabilities allow for a simple rule in patient counseling and clinical decision making. J. Surg. Oncol. 2012; 106:248–253. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Back to school: Review of school based interventions: Comment on Rolfsness and Idsoe (2011)
Authors: Cohen Judith A. , Jaycox Lisa H. , Amaya‐Jackson Lisa , Stein Bradley D.
Published: December 2011

We comment on a recently published article in the Journal of Traumatic Stress that reviewed school‐based interventions related to trauma. We point out the recent book published by Guilford Press on the International Society for Traumatic Stress Studies Practice Guildelines (2009), which also provides a thorough review of this literature, and discuss reasons why this review may have been missed.
Non‐destructive lateral mapping of the thickness of the photoactive layer in polymer‐based solar cells
Authors: Sylvester‐Hvid Kristian O. , Tromholt Thomas , Jørgensen Mikkel , Krebs Frederik C. , Niggemann Michael , Zimmermann Klaus , Liehr Andreas W.
Published: December 2011

Non‐destructive lateral mapping of the thickness of the photoactive layer in poly(3‐hexyl‐thiophene) : 1‐(3‐methoxy‐carbonyl)propyl‐1‐phenyl‐(6,6)C61 (P3HT : PCBM) solar cells is demonstrated. The method employs a spatially resolved (XY) recording of ultraviolet‐visible spectra in reflection geometry at normal incidence, using a dense raster defined by a circular probe spot of 800‐µm diameter. The evaluation of the thickness of the photoactive layer at each raster point employs an algorithm‐driven comparison of the measured absorption spectrum with spectral features, as compiled from the corresponding simulated spectrum. For the robustness of the applied algorithm toward noise in the recorded absorption data to be increased, a new minimum finder algorithm is described and implemented. The thickness evaluation relies on the correct assignment of extrema in the experimental absorption spectra to the corresponding extrema in the simulated absorption spectra, and a new algorithm for this is also implemented and described. For a level of confidence for the method to be established, first thickness mapping is performed for a set of reference samples consisting of P3HT : PCBM spin‐coated on indium tin oxide‐coated float glass substrates. After this, two application examples for solar cells processed either by spin coating or slot die coating of the P3HT : PCBM layer follow. The spin‐coated solar cells have glass as the substrate with the P3HT : PCBM spun at different spinning speeds. The slot die‐coated solar cells were processed on polyethylene terephthalate foil in a roll‐to‐roll experiment involving a continuously changing P3HT : PCBM concentration along the printing direction. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effects of pantothenic acid supplement on secretion of steroids by the adrenal cortex in female rats
Authors: Pan Lingmei , Jaroenporn Sukanya , Yamamoto Tatsuya , Nagaoka Kentaro , Azumano Isao , Onda Masaaki , Watanabe Gen , Taya Kazuyoshi
Published: December 2011

Purpose

The effect of pantothenic acid (PaA) supplementation on adrenal secretion of corticosterone and progesterone in female rats was investigated.

Methods

An in‐vitro primary adrenal cell culture system was used. Pregnant rats were given 0.03% PaA in their drinking water throughout pregnancy and the period of lactation. In the first experiment, after weaning, female rats continued to receive 0.03% PaA treatment until 10 weeks of age. The animals were then decapitated and adrenal cells were cultured in the absence or presence of rat adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) for 4 h. In the second experiment, adrenal cells from lactating rats on day 5 of lactation were cultured in the absence or presence of rat ACTH for 4 h.

Results

The effect of ACTH at 10−10 M on corticosterone and progesterone release was greater for PaA‐treated cyclic rats than for control cyclic rats. The effect of ACTH at 10−10 M on corticosterone release was greater for PaA‐treated lactating rats than for control lactating rats. Circulating ACTH and corticosterone levels in PaA‐treated and control cyclic and lactating rats were no different.

Conclusions

These results indicate that PaA supplementation induced hyperresponsiveness to ACTH stimulation in cyclic and lactating female rats. These results clearly demonstrated that PaA is an essential factor in adrenal steroidogenesis of female rats.
The effects of viscosity on sound radiation near solid surfaces
Authors: Morfey C. L. , Sorokin S. V. , Gabard G.
Published: December 2011

Although the acoustic analogy developed by Lighthill, Curle, and Ffowcs Williams and Hawkings for sound generation by unsteady flow past solid surfaces is formally exact, it has become accepted practice in aeroacoustics to use an approximate version in which viscous quadrupoles are neglected. Here we show that, when sound is radiated by non-rigid surfaces, and the smallest dimension is comparable to or less than the viscous penetration depth, neglect of the viscous-quadrupole term can cause large errors in the sound field. In addition, the interpretation of the viscous quadrupoles as contributing only to sound absorption is shown to be inaccurate. Comparisons are made with the scalar wave equation for linear waves in a viscous fluid, which is extended using generalized functions to describe the effects of solid surfaces. Results are also presented for two model problems, one in a half-space and one with simple cylindrical geometry, for which analytical solutions are available.
Effects of glutamine supplementation on oxidative stress-related gene expression and antioxidant properties in rats with streptozotocin-induced type 2 diabetes
Authors: Tsai Pei-Hsuan , Liu Jun-Jen , Yeh Chui-Li , Chiu Wan-Chun , Yeh Sung-Ling
Published: December 2011

There are close links among hyperglycaemia, oxidative stress and diabetic complications. Glutamine (GLN) is an amino acid with immunomodulatory properties. The present study investigated the effect of dietary GLN on oxidative stress-relative gene expressions and tissue oxidative damage in diabetes. There were one normal control (NC) and two diabetic groups in the present study. Diabetes was induced by an intraperitoneal injection of nicotinamide followed by streptozotocin (STZ). Rats in the NC group were fed a regular chow diet. In the two diabetic groups, one group (diabetes mellitus, DM) was fed a common semi-purified diet while the other group received a diet in which part of the casein was replaced by GLN (DM-GLN). GLN provided 25 % of total amino acid N. The experimental groups were fed the respective diets for 8 weeks, and then the rats were killed for further analysis. The results showed that blood thioredoxin-interacting protein (Txnip) mRNA expression in the diabetic groups was higher than that in the NC group. Compared with the DM group, the DM-GLN group had lower glutamine fructose-6-phosphate transaminase 1, a receptor of advanced glycation end products, and Txnip gene expressions in blood mononuclear cells. The total antioxidant capacity was lower and antioxidant enzyme activities were altered by the diabetic condition. GLN supplementation increased antioxidant capacity and normalised antioxidant enzyme activities. Also, the renal nitrotyrosine level and Txnip mRNA expression were lower when GLN was administered. These results suggest that dietary GLN supplementation decreases oxidative stress-related gene expression, increases the antioxidant potential and may consequently attenuate renal oxidative damage in rats with STZ-induced diabetes.
Pointwise characteristic factors for the multiterm return times theorem
Authors: ASSANI IDRIS , PRESSER KIMBERLY
Published: December 2011

This paper is an update and extension of a result the authors first proved in 2003. The goal of this paper is to study factors which are known to beL2-characteristic for certain non-conventional averages and prove that these factors are pointwise characteristic for the multiterm return times averages.