bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Respiratory Complications after Cystectomy with Urinary Diversion: Avoidable Complications or Ineluctable Destiny?
Authors: Martinez Carrique Silvia , Crettenand François , Stritt Kevin , Bohner Perrine , Grilo Nuno , Rodrigues-Dias Sonia , Roth Beat , Lucca Ilaria
Published: March 2024

Background: Cystectomy with urinary diversion (CUD) is a highly morbid surgery. Despite implementing an enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS®) protocol, postoperative respiratory complications (PRC) within 30 days after surgery remain frequent. This study aims to identify patients at higher risk of developing PRC after CUD. Methods: We conducted a retrospective analysis of 242 patients who underwent CUD at Lausanne University Hospital from 2012 to 2022, adhering to ERAS® guidelines. Data on postoperative complications, including pneumonia, respiratory failure, pulmonary embolism, lobar atelectasis, and pleural effusion, were analyzed. Chi-square and Mann–Whitney U tests compared patients with and without PRC. A multivariable Cox model identified independent prognostic factors. Results: PRC occurred in 41 patients (17%). Those with PRC experienced longer hospital stays and higher 30-day mortality rates. Poor ERAS® compliance was a significant risk factor. Multivariable analysis showed pneumonia was associated with postoperative ileus, while pulmonary embolism correlated with infectious and cardiovascular complications. Conclusions: PRC result in extended hospitalization and decreased survival. Rigorous adherence to ERAS® protocols, including early mobilization, respiratory physiotherapy, and avoiding nasogastric tubes, is essential for preventing PRC.
Risk Factors for Developing Metachronous Superficial Gastric Epithelial Neoplasms after Endoscopic Submucosal Dissection
Authors: Suzuki Tsunehiro , Goda Kenichi , Ishikawa Manabu , Yamaguchi Shintaro , Yoshinaga Tomonori , Kondo Masayuki , Kanazawa Mimari , Kunogi Yasuhito , Tanaka Takanao , Kanamori Akira , Abe Keiichiro , Yamamiya Akira , Sugaya Takeshi , Tominaga Keiichi , Yamagishi Hidetsugu , Masuyama Hironori , Irisawa Atsushi
Published: March 2024

Background: Although endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) provides a high rate of curative resection, the remaining gastric mucosa after ESD is at risk for metachronous superficial gastric epithelial neoplasms (MSGENs). It leaves room for risk factors for developing MSGENs after ESD. This study aimed to identify clinicopathological risk factors for the occurrence of MSGENs, and to evaluate the association of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) with the MSGENs. Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study including 369 patients with 382 lesions that underwent ESD for adenoma/early gastric cancer. Results: Twenty-seven MSGENs occurred. The subjects were divided into MSGEN and not-MSGEN groups. There was a significantly higher frequency of histological intestinal metaplasia (HIM) and initial neoplasm location in the upper or middle parts (INUM) in the MSGEN group. The HIM and INUM groups had a significantly higher cumulative incidence of MSGENs. We compared 27 patients from the MSGEN group and 27 patients from the not-MSGEN group that were matched to the MSGEN group for variables including HIM and INUM. There was a significantly higher frequency of the spontaneous disappearance of H. pylori in the MSGEN group. Conclusions: HIM, INUM, and the spontaneous disappearance of H. pylori may be clinicopathological risk factors for developing MSGENs after ESD.
Simulation and Training in Robot-Assisted Urological Surgery: From Model to Patient
Authors: Proietti Flavia , Flammia Rocco Simone , Licari Leslie Claire , Bologna Eugenio , Anceschi Umberto , Ferriero Maria Consiglia , Tuderti Gabriele , Mastroianni Riccardo , Brassetti Aldo , Simone Giuseppe , Leonardo Costantino
Published: March 2024

(1) Background: Simulation-based training has revolutionized surgical education, providing a solution to the changing demands of surgical training and performance. The increasing demand for standardized training in robotic surgery has accelerated the adoption of simulation-based training as a necessary component of modern surgical education. This study examines the existing literature on training approaches employed in robot-assisted urological surgery; (2) Methods: The authors conducted a standardized search of online databases. Upon collecting the articles, the authors assessed their relevance and content before proceeding with the drafting of the text; (3) Results: The use of simulators is supported by convincing evidence that shows an advantage in the acquisition of robotic skills. Urological societies have created detailed training programs for robotic surgery that guide beginners through the entire process of skill acquisition; (4) Conclusions: The future landscape for robotic urology training is likely to involve organized, obligatory, and centralized training, which may be overseen by urologic associations.
Risk Factors for Higher Postoperative Myocardial Injury in Minimally Invasive Mitral Valve Surgery Patients: A Cohort Study
Authors: Baccanelli Federica , Albano Giovanni , Carrara Alfonso , Parrinello Matteo , Roscitano Claudio , Cecconi Maurizio , Gerometta Piersilvio , Graniero Ascanio , Agnino Alfonso , Peluso Lorenzo
Published: March 2024

Background: Postoperative myocardial injury, as detected by an elevated concentration of high-sensitivity cardiac troponin I (hs-cTnI), is a common complication in cardiac surgery that may be linked to mortality. The primary aim of this study was to assess the risk factors associated with increased myocardial injury in patients undergoing minimally invasive mitral valve surgery. Methods: In this retrospective monocentric cohort study, we analyzed all patients who underwent elective minimally invasive mitral valve surgery between January 2019 and December 2022 and were subsequently admitted to our intensive care unit. The study population was divided into two groups based on the peak hs-cTnI level: the “lower myocardial injury” group comprised patients whose peak serum hs-cTnI level was less than 499 times the 99th percentile, while the “higher myocardial injury” group included those patients who exhibited hs-cTnI levels equal to or greater than 500 times the 99th percentile. A multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed to identify independent risk factors associated with higher myocardial injury. Results: In our final analysis, we enrolled 316 patients. Patients with higher myocardial injury (48; 15%) more frequently had a preoperative New York Heart Association (NYHA) class ≥3 compared to those with lower myocardial injury [33 (69%) vs. 128 (48%); p < 0.01—OR 2.41 (95% CI 1.24–4.64); p < 0.01]. Furthermore, cardiopulmonary bypass and aortic cross-clamp time were significantly longer in the higher myocardial injury group compared to the lower myocardial injury group [117 (91–145) vs. 86 (74–100) min; p < 0.01—OR 1.05 (95% CI 1.03–1.06); p < 0.01]. Moreover, patients who underwent robotic-assisted mitral valve surgery experienced lower myocardial injury rates [9 (19%) vs. 102 (38%); p = 0.01—OR 0.38 (95% CI 0.18–0.81); p = 0.01] than others. These findings remained consistent after adjustment in multivariate logistic regression. In terms of postoperative outcomes, patients with higher myocardial injury exhibited the highest lactate peak in the first 24 h, a higher incidence of postoperative acute kidney injury and a longer duration of mechanical ventilation. Although no patients died in either group, those with higher myocardial injury experienced a longer hospital length of stay. Conclusions: Higher myocardial injury is relatively common after minimally invasive mitral valve surgery. Prolonged aortic cross-clamp duration and higher NYHA class were independently associated with myocardial injury, while robotic-assisted mitral valve surgery was independently associated with lower postoperative myocardial injury.
Spectrum of Surgical Site Infection Pathogens in Chronic Infectious Spondylitis Requiring Revision Surgery: A 5-Year Cohort Study
Authors: Naumov Denis , Vishnevsky Arkady , Linkova Natalia , Medvedev Dmitrii , Krasichkov Alexander , Sokolova Olga , Polyakova Victoria , Yablonskiy Piotr
Published: March 2024

Background: Spectrum monitoring of the pathogen in spondylitis patients plays a key role in preventing infectious complications of spinal reconstructions in chronic spondylitis (CS) and in the treatment of surgical site infection (SSI). The aim of this study is to characterize the spectrum of SSI pathogens in CS requiring revision surgery. Methods: The primary cohort encompassed 569 surgical patients with infectious CS. In 99 patients (61 men and 38 women) requiring revision surgical interventions due to SSI, continuous microbiological monitoring of the pathogens was conducted. The average age of the patients was 63 ± 14 years. The vast majority of the patients underwent surgery on a set of multilevel (two or more spinal–motor segments) lesions. Lesions of the lumbar spine were more often noted, and lesions of the thoracic, thoracolumbar, and cervical spine sections were less often noted. This study included all patients operated on within the scope of revision spinal reconstructions in connection with the development of infection of the surgical area over the period from January 2018 to December 2022. Inclusion criteria were etiologically verified spondylitis, age of 18 years or older, and follow-up of 6 months or more. Results: The average rate of revision surgery due to SSI was 17.4%. Germ detection from the material of vertebral localization was noted in 48.3% and pathogen strains were isolated in urine in 60.8%, in decubital ulcers in 23.9%, and in hemoculture in 15.2% of all study patients. Aseptic, deep SSI was detected in 10.1%. Gram-positive, multidrug-resistant, and Gram-negative bacteria with extreme resistance prevailed in the microbiological landscape of late SSI, early, and delayed Gram-positive strains without drug resistance. Conclusions: Infectious etiology of spondylitis is associated with a significantly higher frequency of SSI. In the absence of a positive result from bacteriological examination of the vertebral localization material, it is advisable to conduct blood, decubital ulcer discharge, and urine sampling.
Primary Cutaneous Melanoma—Management in 2024
Authors: Dixon Anthony Joseph , Sladden Michael , Zouboulis Christos C. , Popescu Catalin M. , Nirenberg Alexander , Steinman Howard K. , Longo Caterina , Dixon Zoe Lee , Thomas Joseph Meirion
Published: March 2024

Background: Maximizing survival for patients with primary cutaneous melanomas (melanomas) depends on an early diagnosis and appropriate management. Several new drugs have been shown to improve survival in high-risk melanoma patients. Despite well-documented guidelines, many patients do not receive optimal management, particularly when considering patient age. Objective: to provide an update on melanoma management from the time of the decision to biopsy a suspicious skin lesion. Methods: We reviewed melanoma-management research published between 2018 and 2023 and identified where such findings impact and update the management of confirmed melanomas. Pubmed, Google Scholar, Ovid and Cochrane Library were used as search tools. Results: We identified 81 publications since 2017 that have changed melanoma management; 11 in 2018, 12 in 2019, 10 in 2020, 12 in 2021, 17 in 2022 and 18 in 2023. Discussion: Delayed or inaccurate diagnosis is more likely to occur when a partial shave or punch biopsy is used to obtain the histopathology. Wherever feasible, a local excision with a narrow margin should be the biopsy method of choice for a suspected melanoma. The Breslow thickness of the melanoma remains the single most important predictor of outcome, followed by patient age and then ulceration. The BAUSSS biomarker, (Breslow thickness, Age, Ulceration, Subtype, Sex and Site) provides a more accurate method of determining mortality risk than older currently employed approaches, including sentinel lymph node biopsy. Patients with metastatic melanomas and/or nodal disease should be considered for adjuvant drug therapy (ADT). Further, high-risk melanoma patients are increasingly considered for ADT, even without disease spread. Invasive melanomas less than 1 mm thick are usually managed with a radial excision margin of 10 mms of normal skin. If the thickness is 1 to 2 mm, select a radial margin of 10 to 20 mm. When the Breslow thickness is over 2 mm, a 20 mm clinical margin is usually undertaken. In situ melanomas are usually managed with a 5 to 10 mm margin or Mohs margin control surgery. Such wide excisions around a given melanoma is the only surgery that can be regarded as therapeutic and required. Patients who have had one melanoma are at increased risk of another melanoma. Ideal ongoing management includes regular lifelong skin checks. Total body photography should be considered if the patient has many naevi, especially when atypical/dysplastic naevi are identified. Targeted approaches to improve occupational or lifestyle exposure to ultraviolet light are important. Management also needs to include the consideration of vitamin D supplementary therapy.
Effect of DMSO on Structural Properties of DMPC and DPPC Liposome Suspensions
Authors: Amaral Luísa M. P. F. , Rangel Maria , Bastos Margarida
Published: March 2024

The study and characterization of the biophysical properties of membranes and drug–membrane interactions represent a critical step in drug development, as biological membranes act as a barrier that the drug must overcome to reach its active site. Liposomes are widely used in drug delivery to circumvent the poor aqueous solubility of most drugs, improving systemic bioavailability and pharmacokinetics. Further, they can be targeted to deliver to specific disease sites, thus decreasing drug load, and reducing side effects and poor adherence to treatment. To improve drug solubility during liposome preparation, DMSO is the most widely used solvent. This raises concern about the potential effect of DMSO on membranes and leads us to investigate, using DSC and EPR, the influence of DMSO on the behavior of lipid model membranes of DMPC and DPPC. In addition, we tested the influence of DMSO on drug–membrane interaction, using compounds with different hydrophobicity and varying DMSO content, using the same experimental techniques. Overall, it was found that with up to 10% DMSO, changes in the bilayer fluidity or the thermotropic properties of the studied liposomes were not significant, within the experimental uncertainty. For higher concentrations of DMSO, there is a stabilization of both the gel and the rippled gel phases, and increased bilayer fluidity of DMPC and DPPC liposomes leading to an increase in membrane permeability.
Surface Treatment of Dental Mini-Sized Implants and Screws: A Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis
Authors: Figueiredo Ana Luísa , Travassos Raquel , Nunes Catarina , Ribeiro Madalena Prata , Santos Mariana , Iaculli Flavia , Paula Anabela Baptista , Marto Carlos Miguel , Caramelo Francisco , Francisco Inês , Vale Francisco
Published: March 2024

Miniscrews are devices that allow for absolute skeletal anchorage. However, their use has a higher failure rate (10–30%) than dental implants (10%). To overcome these flaws, chemical and/or mechanical treatment of the surface of miniscrews has been suggested. There is no consensus in the current literature about which of these methods is the gold standard; thus, our objective was to carry out a systematic review and meta-analysis of the literature on surface treatments of miniscrews. The review protocol was registered (PROSPERO CRD42023408011) and is in accordance with the PRISMA guidelines. A bibliographic search was carried out on PubMed via MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, Embase and Web of Science. The initial search of the databases yielded 1684 results, with 98 studies included in the review, with one article originating from the search in the bibliographic references of the included studies. The results of this systematic review show that the protocols of miniscrew surface treatments, such as acid-etching; sandblasting, large-grit and acid-etching; photofunctionalization with ultraviolet light; and photobiomodulation, can increase stability and the success of orthodontic treatment. The meta-analysis revealed that the treatment with the highest removal torque is SLA, followed by acid-etching. On the other hand, techniques such as oxidative anodization, anodization with pre-calcification and heat treatment, as well as deposition of chemical compounds, require further investigation to confirm their effectiveness.
Expression of Inflammatory Mediators in Biofilm Samples and Clinical Association in Multiple Sclerosis Patients in Remission—A Pilot Study
Authors: Fehlhofer Jakob , Ries Jutta , Nickel Florian , Rothhammer Veit , Schwab Stefan , Kesting Marco , Buchbender Mayte
Published: March 2024

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory autoimmune disease of unknown etiology that affects the central nervous system and can lead to neurological impairment. Our aim was to determine whether MS patients also show inflammatory changes in the oral cavity more frequently than healthy individuals. For this purpose, we examined plaque samples for various mediators and their correlation with clinical findings. A study group (MS) and a control group were examined and compared. The plaque samples were analyzed for the expression of interleukins (IL-2, -6, -10), matrix metalloproteinases (MMP-7, MMP-9), and a surface antigen CD90 by quantitative real-time PCR. The clinical parameters examined were the Mombelli plaque index; bleeding on probing (BOP) index; periodontal pocket depth; and decayed, missing, and filled tooth (DMFT) index. The expression of MMP9 was significantly (p = 0.035) higher in the control group. The expression of IL-2 was increased four-fold in the MS group; however, this difference was not statistically significant. The mean PD (p < 0.001) and BOP index (p = 0.029) values were increased in the study group. The clinical parameters of the BOP index and PD were significantly amplified in the MS patients. However, no causal relationship between the investigated inflammatory mediators and the clinical findings could be established in this case series.
Tribological Improvement of Low-Viscosity Nanolubricants: MoO3, MoS2, WS2 and WC Nanoparticles as Additives
Authors: Liñeira del Río José M. , Fernandes Carlos M. C. G. , Seabra Jorge H. O.
Published: March 2024

The aim of this research is studying the tribological performance of MoO3, MoS2, WS2 and WC nanoparticles as additives of PAO4. Pure sliding tribological tests were performed at 120 °C, finding outstanding friction and wear reductions in comparison with the PAO4, with maximum friction reductions of 64% for the 0.1 wt% MoS2 nanolubricant and greatest wear decreases for 0.1 wt% MoS2 nanolubricant: a width reduction of 62% and a worn area decrease of 97%. Raman mapping and a roughness evaluation of the worn pins confirmed the tribofilm formation and mending as tribological mechanisms. Rolling–sliding tests were conducted with best nanolubricants performance in pure sliding, observing excellent antifriction capabilities of MoS2 nanoparticles at low speeds, indicating that the use of nanoparticles is vital in boundary lubrication.
(E)-1-(1-(Benzofuran-2-yl)ethylidene)-2-(2,4,6-trichlorophenyl)hydrazine
Authors: Abdel-Wahab Bakr F. , Mohamed Hanan A. , Kariuki Benson M. , El-Hiti Gamal A.
Published: March 2024

The reaction of a mixture of equimolar quantities of 2-acetylbenzofuran and (2,4,6-trichlorophenyl)hydrazine in ethanol containing concentrated hydrochloric acid (0.2 mL; 37%) as a catalyst under reflux for two hours yielded 1-(1-(benzofuran-2-yl)ethylidene)-2-(2,4,6-trichlorophenyl)hydrazine. The crude product was purified by crystallization using dimethylformamide to provide the title heterocycle in a 90% yield. The structure of the new heterocycle was confirmed through X-ray diffraction and spectral analyses.
Synthesis of Geared Planar Linkage Mechanisms through the Segmentation of Multiloop Mechanisms into Discrete Chains
Authors: Mather Sean , Erdman Arthur
Published: March 2024

Gears are foundational tools used to transmit or modify mechanical energy or motion. Implementing gears into planar linkage mechanisms is less common but can be a similarly valuable technique that takes advantage of the high efficiency of gears while producing complex and precise motions. While recent numerical methods for designing these geared planar linkage mechanisms (GPLMs) have proliferated in the literature, analytical approaches have their merits and have received less attention. Here, an analytical alternative is presented as a modification of the complex-number loop-based synthesis method for designing multiloop mechanisms. Some of the base topologies for geared dyad, triad, and quadriad chains are presented, along with a numerical example demonstrating the solution procedure’s effectiveness.
Efficient Methods for the Chebyshev-Type Prolate Spheroidal Wave Functions and Corresponding Eigenvalues
Authors: Tian Yan , Liu Guidong
Published: March 2024

This study explores efficient methods for computing eigenvalues and function values associated with Chebyshev-type prolate spheroidal wave functions (CPSWFs). Applying the expansion of the factor eicxy and the inherent properties of Chebyshev polynomials, we present an exact and stable numerical approximation for the exact eigenvalues of the integral operator to CPSWFs. Additionally, we illustrate the efficiency of employing fast Fourier transform and barycentric interpolation techniques for computing CPSWF values and related quantities, which are essential for various numerical applications based on these functions. The analysis is supported by numerical examples, providing validation for the accuracy and reliability of our proposed approach.
Studying Plastic Deformation Mechanism in β-Ti-Nb Alloys by Molecular Dynamic Simulations
Authors: Wang Hongbo , Huang Bowen , Hu Wangyu , Huang Jian
Published: March 2024

Using molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, the transition of the plastic deformation mechanism of Ti-Nb alloys during the tensile process was studied, and the effects of temperature, Nb composition, and strain rate on the deformation mechanism were also investigated. The results show that the deformation process of Ti-Nb alloys involves defect formation, followed by twinning and ω-phase transition, and ultimately, dislocation slip occurs. The <111>{112} slip makes the ω-phase easily overcome the transition energy barrier, inducing the phase transition in the twinning process. Increasing temperature will enhance the plasticity and reduce the strength of the material, while increasing Nb composition will have the opposite effect on the deformation. The simulations show a competition between twinning and dislocation slip mechanisms. With the increase in Nb content, the plastic deformation mechanism of the alloy will change from twinning to dislocation slip. In addition, the plastic strain range increases with the increase in the deformation rate in Ti-Nb alloys. At a higher strain rate, the alloy’s plastic strain range is affected by various deformation mechanisms, which significantly influence the plasticity of the material. The findings of this study provide further insights into the design of Ti-Nb-based alloys.
Improving the Formation and Quality of Weld Joints on Aluminium Alloys during TIG Welding Using Flux Backing Tape
Authors: Mannapovich Saidov Rustam , Touileb Kamel
Published: March 2024

This work aimed to compare the quality and properties of the welded joints of AMg6 aluminium alloy produced via conventional TIG welding with the properties of those produced with flux backing tape. This study focussed on the relative length of oxide inclusions (Δoi) and the amount of the excess root penetration (hroot) of the AMg6 alloy weld beads. The results show the influence of the thickness of the flux layer of the backing tape on the formation and quality on the AMg6 alloy welds, along with the effect of flux backing tape and edge preparation on the mechanical properties of the 6 and 8 mm thick welded plates. In accordance with the results obtained, the joints produced by means of TIG welding with flux back backing tape and without edge preparation have higher mechanical properties. Moreover, the TIG welding of AMg6 alloy using flux backing tape reduces the total welding time by 55%, reduces filler wire consumption by 35%, reduces shielding gas consumption by 43% and electricity consumption by 60% per 1 linear meter of the weld line.
Research Progress on the NSP10 Protein of Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus
Authors: Li Gan , Zheng Yajie , Luo Qin , Liang Yaohua , Zhang Hang , Sha Huiyang , Wang Ruining , Kong Weili , Zhao Mengmeng
Published: March 2024

Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) is a highly contagious and pathogenic infectious disease caused by the porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV). It manifests as reproductive disorders in sows and respiratory disorders in piglets. PRRSV infects swine herds with symptoms such as abortions, stillbirths, and mummified fetuses in gestating sows. Piglets mainly experience abdominal respiration and respiratory symptoms. To date, the prevention of PRRS relies primarily on vaccination and the implementation of various preventive and control measures. Swine deaths caused by PRRS have resulted in significant economic losses to the pig industry worldwide. Non-structural protein 10 (NSP10) has helicase and adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) activities that unwind DNA and RNA and play important roles in viral replication and transcription. Hence, it can be potentially used to develop novel reagents for the detection of PPRSV. This article reviews genetic variations, interaction with viral and host proteins, effects on PRRSV replication, immunomodulation, apoptosis, and viral virulence of NSP10, with the aim of providing a theoretical basis for the prevention and control of PRRS and drug development in the future.
Structure, Absolute Configuration, Antiproliferative and Phytotoxic Activities of Icetexane and Abietane Diterpenoids from Salvia carranzae and Chemotaxonomic Implications
Authors: Bustos-Brito Celia , Torres-Medicis Juan Pablo , Bedolla-García Brenda Y. , Zamudio Sergio , Ramírez-Apan Teresa , Macías-Rubalcava Martha Lydia , Quijano Leovigildo , Esquivel Baldomero
Published: March 2024

From the aerial parts of Salvia carranzae Zamudio and Bedolla, three new icetexane-type diterpenoids were isolated. Their structures were established through spectroscopic methods and named the following: salvicarranzanolide (1), 19-deoxo-salvicarranzanolide (2) and 19-deoxo-20-deoxy-salvicarranzanolide (3). In addition, the known icetexane-type diterpenoids, 6,7,11,14-tetrahydro-7-oxo-icetexone (4), iso-icetexone (5), 19-deoxo-iso-icetexone (6), icetexone (7), 19-deoxo-icetexone (8) and 7α-acetoxy-6,7-dihydroicetexone (9), were also isolated, along with the abietanes sessein (10) and ferruginol (11). α-Tocopherol was also identified. Compounds 5, 6 and 8 were tested for their antiproliferative activity using the sulforhodamine B assay on six cancer and one normal human cell lines. Diterpenoids 5 and 6 showed noteworthy antiproliferative activity, exhibiting an IC50 (μM) = 0.43 ± 0.01 and 1.34 ± 0.04, respectively, for U251 (glioblastoma), an IC50 (μM) = 0.45 ± 0.01 and 1.29 ± 0.06 for K5621 (myelogenous leukemia), 0.84 ± 0.07 and 1.03 ± 0.10 for HCT-15 (colon cancer), and 0.73 ± 0.06 and 0.95 ± 0.09 for SKLU-1 (lung adenocarcinoma) cell lines. On the other hand, the phytotoxicity of compounds 5–7 and 9–10 was evaluated on seed germination and root growth in some weeds such as Medicago sativa, Panicum miliaceum, Amaranthus hypochondriacus and Trifolium pratense as models. While compounds 5 and 10 exhibited a moderate inhibitory effect on the root growth of A. hypochondriacus and T. pratense at 100 ppm, the diterpenoids 6, 7 and 9 were ineffective in all the plant models. Taxonomic positions based on the chemical profiles found are also discussed.
Comparative Pharmacokinetics Research of 13 Bioactive Components of Jieyu Pills in Control and Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Model Rats Based on UPLC-Orbitrap Fusion MS
Authors: Liu Xuefang , Wan Yan , Sun Shuding , Wang Ting , Li Ting , Sun Qi , Zhang Weiwei , Zhao Di , Tian Yange , Feng Suxiang
Published: March 2024

Jieyu Pills (JYPs), a Chinese medicine consisting of 10 herbal elements, have displayed promising clinical effectiveness and low by-effects in the treatment of depression. Prior investigations mostly focused on elucidating the mechanism and therapeutic efficacy of JYPs. In our earlier study, we provided an analysis of the chemical composition, serum pharmacochemistry, and concentrations of the main bioactive chemicals found in JYPs. However, our precise understanding of the pharmacokinetics and metabolism remained vague. This study involved a comprehensive and meticulous examination of the pharmacokinetics of 13 bioactive compounds in JYPs. Using UPLC-Orbitrap Fusion MS, we analyzed the metabolic characteristics and established the pharmacokinetic parameters in both control rats and model rats with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) following oral administration of the drug. Before analysis, plasma samples that were collected at different time intervals after the administration underwent methanol pre-treatment with Puerarin used as the internal standard (IS) solution. Subsequently, the sample was chromatographed on a C18 column employing gradient elution. The mobile phase consisted of methanol solution containing 0.1% formic acid in water. The electrospray ionization source (ESI) was utilized for ionization, whereas the scanning mode employed was selected ion monitoring (SIM). The UPLC-Orbitrap Fusion MS method was subjected to a comprehensive validation process to assess its performance. The method demonstrated excellent linearity (r ≥ 0.9944), precise measurements (RSD < 8.78%), accurate results (RE: −7.88% to 8.98%), and appropriate extraction recoveries (87.83–102.23%). Additionally, the method exhibited minimal matrix effects (87.58–101.08%) and satisfactory stability (RSD: 1.52–12.42%). These results demonstrated adherence to the criteria for evaluating and determining biological material. The 13 bioactive compounds exhibited unique pharmacokinetic patterns in vivo. In control rats, all bioactive compounds except Ferulic acid exhibited linear pharmacokinetics within the dose ranges. In the ADHD model, the absorption rate and amount of most of the components were both observed to have increased. Essentially, this work is an important reference for examining the metabolism of JYPs and providing guidelines for clinical therapy.
Advances and Challenges in Electrolyte Development for Magnesium–Sulfur Batteries: A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Sheng Lin , Feng Junrun , Gong Manxi , Zhang Lun , Harding Jonathan , Hao Zhangxiang , Wang Feng Ryan
Published: March 2024

Magnesium–sulfur batteries are an emerging technology. With their elevated theoretical energy density, enhanced safety, and cost-efficiency, they have the ability to transform the energy storage market. This review investigates the obstacles and progress made in the field of electrolytes which are especially designed for magnesium–sulfur batteries. The primary focus of the review lies in identifying electrolytes that can facilitate the reversible electroplating and stripping of Mg2+ ions whilst maintaining compatibility with sulfur cathodes and other battery components. The review also addresses the critical issue of managing the shuttle effect on soluble magnesium polysulfide by looking at the innovative engineering methods used at the sulfur cathode’s interface and in the microstructure design, both of which can enhance the reaction kinetics and overall battery efficiency. This review emphasizes the significance of reaction mechanism analysis from the recent studies on magnesium–sulfur batteries. Through analysis of the insights proposed in the latest literature, this review identifies the gaps in the current research and suggests future directions which can enhance the electrochemical performance of Mg-S batteries. Our analysis highlights the importance of innovative electrolyte solutions and provides a deeper understanding of the reaction mechanisms in order to overcome the existing barriers and pave the way for the practical application of Mg-S battery technology.
Energy Storage Performance of Electrode Materials Derived from Manganese Metal–Organic Frameworks
Authors: Ryoo Gyeongbeom , Kim Seon Kyung , Lee Do Kyung , Kim Young-Jin , Han Yoon Soo , Jung Kyung-Hye
Published: March 2024

Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) are porous materials assembled using metal and organic linkers, showing a high specific surface area and a tunable pore size. Large portions of metal open sites in MOFs can be exposed to electrolyte ions, meaning they have high potential to be used as electrode materials in energy storage devices such as supercapacitors. Also, they can be easily converted into porous metal oxides by heat treatment. In this study, we obtained high energy storage performance by preparing electrode materials through applying heat treatment to manganese MOFs (Mn-MOFs) under air. The chemical and structural properties of synthesized and thermally treated Mn-MOFs were measured by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Raman spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The surface area and porosity were investigated by nitrogen adsorption/desorption isotherms. The electrochemical properties were studied by cyclic voltammetry (CV) and galvanostatic charge–discharge (GCD) using a three-electrode cell. It was found that Mn-MOF electrodes that underwent heat treatment at 400 °C under air consisted of Mn2O3 with high specific surface area and porosity. They also showed a superior specific capacitance of 214.0 F g−1 and an energy density value of 29.7 Wh kg−1 (at 0.1 A g−1) compared to non-treated Mn-MOFs.
Effects of Polyether Amine Canopy Structure on Heavy Metal Ions Adsorption of Magnetic Solvent-Free Nanofluids
Authors: Zhang Qi , Zhang Jian , Shi Jian , Yang Ruilu
Published: March 2024

Three Fe3O4 magnetic solvent-free nanofluids with different amine-based coronal layer structures are synthesized and characterized by using magnetic Fe3O4 as the core, silane coupling agent as the corona, and polyether amines with different graft densities and chain lengths as the canopy. The concentration of heavy metal ions after adsorption is measured by atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS) to study the effect of Fe3O4 magnetic solvent-free nanofluids on the adsorption performance of the heavy metal ions lead (Pb(II)) and copper (Cu(II)) in water. The adsorption of Fe3O4 magnetic solvent-free nanofluid was explored by changing external condition factors such as adsorption contact time and pH. Additionally, the adsorption model is established. The magnetic solvent-free nanofluid is separated from water by applying an external magnetic field to the system, and desorption and cyclic adsorption tests are carried out. Based on the adsorption mechanism, the structure design of Fe3O4 magnetic solvent-free nanofluid was optimized to achieve optimal adsorption performance.
Relation between Body Composition Trajectories from Childhood to Adolescence and Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Risk
Authors: Alberti Gigliola , Faune Mariana , Santos José L. , De Barbieri Florencia , García Cristián , Pereira Ana , Becerra Fernando , Gana Juan Cristóbal
Published: March 2024

NAFLD has become the leading cause of chronic liver disease in children, as a direct consequence of the high prevalence of childhood obesity. This study aimed to characterize body composition trajectories from childhood to adolescence and their association with the risk of developing nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) during adolescence. The participants were part of the ‘Chilean Growth and Obesity Cohort Study’, comprising 784 children who were followed prospectively from age 3 years. Annual assessments of nutritional status and body composition were conducted, with ultrasound screening for NAFLD during adolescence revealing a 9.8% prevalence. Higher waist circumference measures were associated with NAFLD from age 3 years (p = 0.03), all skin folds from age 4 years (p < 0.01), and DXA body fat measurements from age 12 years (p = 0.01). The fat-free mass index was higher in females (p = 0.006) but not in males (p = 0.211). The second and third tertiles of the fat mass index (FMI) had odds ratios for NAFLD during adolescence of 2.19 (1.48–3.25, 95% CI) and 6.94 (4.79–10.04, 95% CI), respectively. Elevated waist circumference, skin folds, and total body fat were identified as risk factors for future NAFLD development. A higher FMI during childhood was associated with an increased risk of NAFLD during adolescence.
Exploring the Influence of Gut–Brain Axis Modulation on Cognitive Health: A Comprehensive Review of Prebiotics, Probiotics, and Symbiotics
Authors: Fekete Mónika , Lehoczki Andrea , Major Dávid , Fazekas-Pongor Vince , Csípő Tamás , Tarantini Stefano , Csizmadia Zoltán , Varga János Tamás
Published: March 2024

Recent research exploring the relationship between the gut and the brain suggests that the condition of the gut microbiota can influence cognitive health. A well-balanced gut microbiota may help reduce inflammation, which is linked to neurodegenerative conditions. Prebiotics, probiotics, and symbiotics are nutritional supplements and functional food components associated with gastrointestinal well-being. The bidirectional communication of the gut–brain axis is essential for maintaining homeostasis, with pre-, pro-, and symbiotics potentially affecting various cognitive functions such as attention, perception, and memory. Numerous studies have consistently shown that incorporating pre-, pro-, and symbiotics into a healthy diet can lead to improvements in cognitive functions and mood. Maintaining a healthy gut microbiota can support optimal cognitive function, which is crucial for disease prevention in our fast-paced, Westernized society. Our results indicate cognitive benefits in healthy older individuals with probiotic supplementation but not in healthy older individuals who have good and adequate levels of physical activity. Additionally, it appears that there are cognitive benefits in patients with mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer’s disease, while mixed results seem to arise in younger and healthier individuals. However, it is important to acknowledge that individual responses may vary, and the use of these dietary supplements should be tailored to each individual’s unique health circumstances and needs.
Exploring the Influence of Insulin Resistance on Arterial Stiffness in Healthy Adults: From the Metabolic and Cardiovascular Health Insights of the EVasCu Study
Authors: Pascual-Morena Carlos , Cavero-Redondo Iván , Martínez-García Irene , Rodríguez-Gutiérrez Eva , Lucerón-Lucas-Torres Maribel , Moreno-Herráiz Nerea , Díaz-Goñi Valentina , Saz-Lara Alicia
Published: March 2024

Previous evidence associates insulin resistance with arterial stiffness in various pathologies, yet limited reports exist in healthy adults. Therefore, this study aims to estimate the association between insulin resistance and arterial stiffness in healthy adults. The cross-sectional EVasCu study enrolled 390 participants (42.05 ± 13.15 years). ANCOVAs, unadjusted (model 1) and adjusted (model 2), explored the association between arterial stiffness markers (aortic Pulse Wave Velocity [aPWV], Augmentation Index [AIx@75] and Cardio-Ankle Vascular Index [CAVI]), and insulin resistance markers (Homeostasis Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance [HOMA-IR], Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index [QUICKI] and Triglycerides-Glucose [TyG]). In model 1, all insulin resistance markers were associated with aPWV, HOMA-IR and QUICKI were associated with AIx@75, and the TyG index was associated with CAVI. In model 2, HOMA-IR and QUICKI increased aPWV by 0.179 and 0.156 m/s (p = 0.001 and p = 0.011), and AIx@75 by 4.17 and 5.39% (p = 0.009 and p = 0.003). The EVasCu study offers valuable insights into the relationship between insulin resistance and arterial stiffness in healthy adults, providing a deeper understanding of metabolic and cardiovascular health. By examining this influence, we embark on an intriguing exploration of how these factors interplay in the human body.
Research Progress of Plant-Derived Natural Products against Drug-Resistant Cancer
Authors: Liu Wenli , Wang Yuqin , Xia Lijie , Li Jinyao
Published: March 2024

As one of the malignant diseases globally, cancer seriously endangers human physical and mental health because of its high morbidity and mortality. Conventional cancer treatment strategies, such as surgical resection and chemoradiotherapy, are effective at the early stage of cancer but have limited efficacy for advanced cancer. Along with cancer progress and treatment, resistance develops gradually within the population of tumor cells. As a consequence, drug resistance become the major cause that leads to disease progression and poor clinical prognosis in some patients. The mechanisms of cancer drug resistance are quite complex and involve various molecular and cellular mechanisms. Therefore, exploring the mechanisms and finding specific targets are becoming imperative to overcome drug resistance. In recent years, plant-derived natural products have been evaluated as potential therapeutic candidates against cancer with drug resistance due to low side effects and high anticancer efficacy. A growing number of studies have shown that natural products can achieve superior antitumor effects through multiple signaling pathways. The mechanisms include regulation of multiple drug resistance (MDR)-related genes, inhibition of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (AKT) signaling pathway, induction of autophagy, and blockade of the cell cycle. This paper reviews the molecular and cellular mechanisms of cancer drug resistance, as well as the therapeutic effects and mechanisms of plant-derived natural products against cancer drug resistance. It provides references for developing therapeutic medication for drug-resistant cancer treatment with high efficacy and low side effects.
Dietary Adequacy in Older Adult Nursing Home Residents of the Northern Iberian Peninsula
Authors: Pidrafita-Páez Nicolás , Silveira Joana , Pinto Elisabete , Franco Luis , Romero-Rodríguez Mª Ángeles , Vázquez-Odériz Mª Lourdes ,   NUTRIAGE Study Group
Published: March 2024

According to the latest data, Spain (19.4%) and Portugal (21.8%) are the two European countries with the highest percentage of older adults. Concerns about diet quality are increasing, especially among institutionalized older people, who are at the greatest risk of malnutrition. To assess the adequacy of dietary intake of 186 older adults (>65 y) institutionalized in public nursing homes (NH) in Galicia (Northwest Spain) and the Porto district (Northern Portugal), a cross-sectional study has been carried out. The double-weighing method and a country-specific food composition database were employed for nutritional assessment. Nutritional adequacy was assessed based on the recommendations of the EFSA and WHO. Caloric intake in Spanish NHs was higher than in Portuguese facilities; 20.3% and 35.8% of Spanish and Portuguese residents, respectively, had a protein intake below the EFSA recommendation, and 46.2% and 44.9% of residents in Portugal and Spain, respectively, had lipid intakes below the reference intake range. Further, 45.5% of the residents in Portugal and 66.9% in Spain had a carbohydrate intake within the recommended range. Salt intake was higher than the recommendation for 67.0% and 32.3% of the residents in Spain and Portugal, respectively. This study supports the notion that institutionalized older adults are prone to significant nutritional inadequacies.
Emission Wavelength Limits of a Continuous-Wave Thulium-Doped Fiber Laser Source Operating at 1.94 µm, 2.09 µm or 2.12 µm
Authors: Louot Christophe , Sanson Félix , Motard Arnaud , Ibach Thierry , Manek-Hönninger Inka , Berrou Antoine , Dalloz Nicolas , Robin Thierry , Cadier Benoit , Hildenbrand-Dhollande Anne
Published: March 2024

We present a thulium-doped single-oscillator monolithic fiber laser emitting successively at three wavelengths, especially at unusual long wavelengths as 2.09 µm and even at 2.12 µm. The 793 nm core absorption of 8.42 dB/m allows for achieving a slope efficiency higher than 43% both at 1.94 µm and 2.09 µm. The operation of the laser at 1.94 µm, 2.09 µm, and 2.12 µm is compared by using different fiber Bragg gratings to push the limit of thulium ions emission above 2.05 µm. This is the first demonstration of emission exceeding wavelengths of 2.1 µm of an only thulium-doped fiber laser, to the best of our knowledge.
Design of an Achromatic Graphene Oxide Metalens with Multi-Wavelength for Visible Light
Authors: Chen Yuxi , Ding Yongchang , Yu Haowen , Li Xueyan
Published: March 2024

Dispersion control is a critical aspect in nano-optical systems. Moreover, chromatic aberration significantly impacts image quality. Despite metasurfaces being a novel approach to tackle chromatic aberration in diffractive lenses, numerous challenges hinder their practical implementation due to the complexity of 3D fabrication techniques and high manufacturing costs. In contrast, ultra-thin graphene oxide lenses are simpler and less expensive to manufacture. The optical performance of graphene oxide lenses, such as high focusing efficiency, large depth of field, wide bandwidth, and zooming capability, depends on the design of the positional arrangement of reduced graphene oxide regions. In this study, we utilized the self-constructed datasets to train machine learning models based on the structure of the graphene oxide lens and combined it with intelligent optimization algorithms. This approach facilitated the design of the graphene oxide achromatic lens in multi-wavelengths with high-performance. Experimental results substantiate that the designed ultra-thin graphene oxide lens, with a thickness of ~200 nm, effectively controls dispersion across multiple incident wavelengths (450, 550, and 650 nm) and achieves super resolution with consistent intensity at the focal point. Our graphene oxide lens holds the potential for integration into micro-optical systems that demand dispersion control, providing broad applications in optical imaging, optical communication, the biomedical field, and beyond.
Fluorescence-Based Aqueous Phosphate Sensing Using Eu(cpboda)(DMF)2
Authors: Anderson Benjamin R. , Gese Natalie , Nawani Pranav , Eilers Hergen
Published: March 2024

Fluorescence-based phosphate sensing using phosphate-sensitive phosphors is a promising approach for in situ monitoring of phosphate pollution in waterways and reservoirs. To date, the most sensitive phosphor developed for this purpose is Tb(cpboda)(DMF)2, where cpboda = (3,3′-((5-Carboxy-1,3-phenylene)bis(oxy))dibenzoic acid). In this study, we further improve this sensitivity by replacing the Tb3+ ions with Eu3+ ions to make Eu(cpboda)(DMF)2 and find concentration-independent phosphate-sensitivity of 1570 ± 120, which is ≈8× more sensitive than the Tb-version. This improvement is attributed to Eu3+ having a hypersensitive transition, while Tb3+ does not. Additionally, we characterize the phosphor’s optical properties, photodegradation, and water solubility. We find that the phosphor presents challenges with regards to both photodegradation and solubility, as it is found to be poorly soluble in water and is quickly photodegraded under UV radiation <360 nm. However, these obstacles can, in theory, be overcome with the use of direct excitation of the Eu3+ ions at 394 nm and careful design of an analysis instrument to reduce concentration variations.