bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Enhancing Bias Assessment for Complex Term Groups in Language Embedding Models: Quantitative Comparison of Methods
Authors: Gray Magnus , Milanova Mariofanna , Wu Leihong
Published: November 2024

Background

Artificial intelligence (AI) is rapidly being adopted to build products and aid in the decision-making process across industries. However, AI systems have been shown to exhibit and even amplify biases, causing a growing concern among people worldwide. Thus, investigating methods of measuring and mitigating bias within these AI-powered tools is necessary.

Objective

In natural language processing applications, the word embedding association test (WEAT) is a popular method of measuring bias in input embeddings, a common area of measure bias in AI. However, certain limitations of the WEAT have been identified (ie, their nonrobust measure of bias and their reliance on predefined and limited groups of words or sentences), which may lead to inadequate measurements and evaluations of bias. Thus, this study takes a new approach at modifying this popular measure of bias, with a focus on making it more robust and applicable in other domains.

Methods

In this study, we introduce the SD-WEAT, which is a modified version of the WEAT that uses the SD of multiple permutations of the WEATs to calculate bias in input embeddings. With the SD-WEAT, we evaluated the biases and stability of several language embedding models, including Global Vectors for Word Representation (GloVe), Word2Vec, and bidirectional encoder representations from transformers (BERT).

Results

This method produces results comparable to those of the WEAT, with strong correlations between the methods’ bias scores or effect sizes (r=0.786) and P values (r=0.776), while addressing some of its largest limitations. More specifically, the SD-WEAT is more accessible, as it removes the need to predefine attribute groups, and because the SD-WEAT measures bias over multiple runs rather than one, it reduces the impact of outliers and sample size. Furthermore, the SD-WEAT was found to be more consistent and reliable than its predecessor.

Conclusions

Thus, the SD-WEAT shows promise for robustly measuring bias in the input embeddings fed to AI language models.
EDAI Framework for Integrating Equity, Diversity, and Inclusion Throughout the Lifecycle of AI to Improve Health and Oral Health Care: Qualitative Study
Authors: Abbasgholizadeh Rahimi Samira , Shrivastava Richa , Brown-Johnson Anita , Caidor Pascale , Davies Claire , Idrissi Janati Amal , Kengne Talla Pascaline , Madathil Sreenath , Willie Bettina M , Emami Elham
Published: November 2024

Background

Recent studies have identified significant gaps in equity, diversity, and inclusion (EDI) considerations within the lifecycle of artificial intelligence (AI), spanning from data collection and problem definition to implementation stages. Despite the recognized need for integrating EDI principles, there is currently no existing guideline or framework to support this integration in the AI lifecycle.

Objective

This study aimed to address this gap by identifying EDI principles and indicators to be integrated into the AI lifecycle. The goal was to develop a comprehensive guiding framework to guide the development and implementation of future AI systems.

Methods

This study was conducted in 3 phases. In phase 1, a comprehensive systematic scoping review explored how EDI principles have been integrated into AI in health and oral health care settings. In phase 2, a multidisciplinary team was established, and two 2-day, in-person international workshops with over 60 representatives from diverse backgrounds, expertise, and communities were conducted. The workshops included plenary presentations, round table discussions, and focused group discussions. In phase 3, based on the workshops’ insights, the EDAI framework was developed and refined through iterative feedback from participants. The results of the initial systematic scoping review have been published separately, and this paper focuses on subsequent phases of the project, which is related to framework development.

Results

In this study, we developed the EDAI framework, a comprehensive guideline that integrates EDI principles and indicators throughout the entire AI lifecycle. This framework addresses existing gaps at various stages, from data collection to implementation, and focuses on individual, organizational, and systemic levels. Additionally, we identified both the facilitators and barriers to integrating EDI within the AI lifecycle in health and oral health care.

Conclusions

The developed EDAI framework provides a comprehensive, actionable guideline for integrating EDI principles into AI development and deployment. By facilitating the systematic incorporation of these principles, the framework supports the creation and implementation of AI systems that are not only technologically advanced but also sensitive to EDI principles.
Geospatial Modeling of Deep Neural Visual Features for Predicting Obesity Prevalence in Missouri: Quantitative Study
Authors: Dahu Butros M , Khan Solaiman , Toubal Imad Eddine , Alshehri Mariam , Martinez-Villar Carlos I , Ogundele Olabode B , Sheets Lincoln R , Scott Grant J
Published: November 2024

Background

The global obesity epidemic demands innovative approaches to understand its complex environmental and social determinants. Spatial technologies, such as geographic information systems, remote sensing, and spatial machine learning, offer new insights into this health issue. This study uses deep learning and spatial modeling to predict obesity rates for census tracts in Missouri.

Objective

This study aims to develop a scalable method for predicting obesity prevalence using deep convolutional neural networks applied to satellite imagery and geospatial analysis, focusing on 1052 census tracts in Missouri.

Methods

Our analysis followed 3 steps. First, Sentinel-2 satellite images were processed using the Residual Network-50 model to extract environmental features from 63,592 image chips (224×224 pixels). Second, these features were merged with obesity rate data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention for Missouri census tracts. Third, a spatial lag model was used to predict obesity rates and analyze the association between deep neural visual features and obesity prevalence. Spatial autocorrelation was used to identify clusters of obesity rates.

Results

Substantial spatial clustering of obesity rates was found across Missouri, with a Moran I value of 0.68, indicating similar obesity rates among neighboring census tracts. The spatial lag model demonstrated strong predictive performance, with an R2 of 0.93 and a spatial pseudo R2 of 0.92, explaining 93% of the variation in obesity rates. Local indicators from a spatial association analysis revealed regions with distinct high and low clusters of obesity, which were visualized through choropleth maps.

Conclusions

This study highlights the effectiveness of integrating deep convolutional neural networks and spatial modeling to predict obesity prevalence based on environmental features from satellite imagery. The model’s high accuracy and ability to capture spatial patterns offer valuable insights for public health interventions. Future work should expand the geographical scope and include socioeconomic data to further refine the model for broader applications in obesity research.
Effectiveness of the Offer of the Smoke Free Smartphone App Compared With No Intervention for Smoking Cessation: Pragmatic Randomized Controlled Trial (Preprint)
Authors: Jackson Sarah , Kale Dimitra , Beard Emma , Perski Olga , West Robert , Brown Jamie
Published: November 2024

BACKGROUND

Digital technologies offer the potential for low-cost, scalable delivery of interventions to promote smoking cessation.

OBJECTIVE

We aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of the offer of Smoke Free—an evidence-informed, widely used app—for smoking cessation versus no support.

METHODS

In this 2-arm randomized controlled trial, 3143 motivated adult smokers were recruited online between August 2020 and April 2021 and randomized to receive an offer of the Smoke Free app plus follow-up (intervention arm) versus follow-up only (comparator arm). Both groups were shown a brief message at the end of the baseline questionnaire encouraging them to make a quit attempt. The primary outcome was self-reported 6-month continuous abstinence assessed 7 months after randomization. Secondary outcomes included quit attempts in the first month post randomization, 3-month continuous abstinence assessed at 4 months, and 6-month continuous abstinence at 7 months among those who made a quit attempt. The primary analysis was performed on an intention-to-treat (ITT) analysis basis. Sensitivity analyses included (1) restricting the intervention group to those who took up the offer of the app, (2) using complete cases, and (3) using multiple imputation.

RESULTS

The effective follow-up rate for 7 months was 41.9%. The primary analysis showed no evidence of a benefit of the intervention on rates of 6-month continuous abstinence (intervention 6.8% vs comparator 7.0%; relative risk 0.97, 95% CI 0.75-1.26). Analyses of all secondary outcomes also showed no evidence of a benefit. Similar results were observed on complete cases and using multiple imputation. When the intervention group was restricted to those who took up the offer of the app (n=395, 25.3%), participants in the intervention group were 80% more likely to report 6-month continuous abstinence (12.7% vs 7.0%; relative risk 1.80, 95% CI 1.30-2.45). Equivalent subgroup analyses produced similar results on the secondary outcomes. These differences persisted after adjustment for key baseline characteristics.

CONCLUSIONS

Among motivated smokers provided with very brief advice to quit, the offer of the Smoke Free app did not have a detectable benefit for cessation compared with follow-up only. However, the app increased quit rates when smokers randomized to receive the app downloaded it.

CLINICALTRIAL

ISRCTN ISRCTN85785540; https://www.isrctn.com/ISRCTN85785540

INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT

RR2-https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/add.14652
An Online Multimodal Food Data Exploration Platform for Specific Population Health: Development Study (Preprint)
Authors: Yang Lin , Guo Zhen , Xu Xiaowei , Kang Hongyu , Lai Jianqiang , Li Jiao
Published: November 2024

BACKGROUND

Nutrient needs vary over the lifespan. Improving knowledge of both population groups and care providers can help with healthier food choices, thereby promoting population health and preventing diseases. Providing evidence-based food knowledge online is credible, low cost, and easily accessible.

OBJECTIVE

This study aimed to develop an online multimodal food data exploration platform for easy access to evidence-based diet- and nutrition-related data.

METHODS

We developed an online platform named Food Atlas in collaboration with a multidisciplinary expert group from the National Institute for Nutrition and Health and Peking Union Medical College Hospital in China. To demonstrate its feasibility for Chinese food for pregnant women, a user-friendly and high-quality multimodal food knowledge graph was constructed, and various interactions with graph-structured data were developed for easy access, including graph-based interactive visualizations, natural language retrieval, and image-text retrieval. Subsequently, we evaluated Food Atlas from both the system perspective and the user perspective.

RESULTS

The constructed multimodal food knowledge graph contained a total of 2011 entities, 10,410 triplets, and 23,497 images. Its schema consisted of 11 entity types and 26 types of semantic relations. Compared with 5 other online dietary platforms (Foodwake, Boohee, Xiachufang, Allrecipes, and Yummly), Food Atlas offers a distinct and comprehensive set of data content and system functions desired by target populations. Meanwhile, a total of 28 participants representing 4 different user groups were recruited to evaluate its usability: preparing for pregnancy (n=8), pregnant (n=12), clinicians (n=5), and dietitians (n=3). The mean System Usability Scale index of our platform was 82.5 (SD 9.94; range 40.0-82.5). This above-average usability score and the use cases indicated that Food Atlas is tailored to the needs of the target users. Furthermore, 96% (27/28) of the participants stated that the platform had high consistency, illustrating the necessity and effectiveness of health professionals participating in online, evidence-based resource development.

CONCLUSIONS

This study demonstrates the development of an online multimodal food data exploration platform and its ability to meet the rising demand for accessible, credible, and appropriate evidence-based online dietary resources. Further research and broader implementation of such platforms have the potential to popularize knowledge, thereby helping populations at different life stages make healthier food choices.
EDAI Framework for Integrating Equity, Diversity, and Inclusion Throughout the Lifecycle of AI to Improve Health and Oral Health Care: Qualitative Study (Preprint)
Authors: Abbasgholizadeh Rahimi Samira , Shrivastava Richa , Brown-Johnson Anita , Caidor Pascale , Davies Claire , Idrissi Janati Amal , Kengne Talla Pascaline , Madathil Sreenath , Willie Bettina M , Emami Elham
Published: November 2024

BACKGROUND

Recent studies have identified significant gaps in equity, diversity, and inclusion (EDI) considerations within the lifecycle of artificial intelligence (AI), spanning from data collection and problem definition to implementation stages. Despite the recognized need for integrating EDI principles, there is currently no existing guideline or framework to support this integration in the AI lifecycle.

OBJECTIVE

This study aimed to address this gap by identifying EDI principles and indicators to be integrated into the AI lifecycle. The goal was to develop a comprehensive guiding framework to guide the development and implementation of future AI systems.

METHODS

This study was conducted in 3 phases. In phase 1, a comprehensive systematic scoping review explored how EDI principles have been integrated into AI in health and oral health care settings. In phase 2, a multidisciplinary team was established, and two 2-day, in-person international workshops with over 60 representatives from diverse backgrounds, expertise, and communities were conducted. The workshops included plenary presentations, round table discussions, and focused group discussions. In phase 3, based on the workshops’ insights, the EDAI framework was developed and refined through iterative feedback from participants. The results of the initial systematic scoping review have been published separately, and this paper focuses on subsequent phases of the project, which is related to framework development.

RESULTS

In this study, we developed the EDAI framework, a comprehensive guideline that integrates EDI principles and indicators throughout the entire AI lifecycle. This framework addresses existing gaps at various stages, from data collection to implementation, and focuses on individual, organizational, and systemic levels. Additionally, we identified both the facilitators and barriers to integrating EDI within the AI lifecycle in health and oral health care.

CONCLUSIONS

The developed EDAI framework provides a comprehensive, actionable guideline for integrating EDI principles into AI development and deployment. By facilitating the systematic incorporation of these principles, the framework supports the creation and implementation of AI systems that are not only technologically advanced but also sensitive to EDI principles.
Examining Factors Influencing Preventative Cancer Genetic Testing Participation: The Role of Online Support, Caregiving, and Gender (Preprint)
Authors: Agrawal Lavlin , DaSouza Richelle Oakley , Mulgund Pavankumar , Chaudhary Pankaj
Published: November 2024

BACKGROUND

Despite its potential to predict and detect early cancer risks, genetic testing remains underutilized by the public. This study, guided by the Health Belief Model, examined key factors influencing an individual’s willingness to undergo genetic testing for cancer, with a particular focus on gender, caregiver status, and participation in online social support groups.

OBJECTIVE

To identify the key variable that influences Preventative Cancer Genetic Testing Participation

METHODS

This study uses data collected from the 2020 Health Information National Trends Survey (HINTS 5 Cycle 4) which includes 2,947 respondents representing 199,510,996 U.S. adults aged 18 and older. Multivariable logistic regression and Survey-Weighted Generalized Linear Models (svyglm) were applied to examine the relationship between cancer genetic testing and caregiver status, participation in online support groups, gender, and constructs associated with the Health Belief Model, while controlling for sociodemographic and health-related characteristics.

RESULTS

Our findings show that women are more likely to undergo cancer genetic testing, with gender moderating the influence of perceived susceptibility (β = 2.54, p < 0.05) and severity (β = 0.94, p < 0.05) on testing decisions. In line with the Health Belief Model, perceived benefits (β = 0.19, p < 0.05) and cues to action (β = 2.86, p < 0.001) increase the likelihood of testing. Results also show that caregivers of cancer patients (β = 1.25, p < 0.05) and those actively participating in online health support groups (β = 0.47, p < 0.05) are also more likely to engage in cancer genetic testing.

CONCLUSIONS

Cancer remains a significant health challenge in the U.S., with 1.8 million new cases and 606,520 deaths annually. Early detection is vital for treatment success. This study investigates factors influencing the decision to undergo genetic testing for cancer. Targeted campaigns, particularly in online support groups directed at men, can promote early detection and encourage participation in genetic testing. Future research should explore implementing proactive outreach strategies to encourage wider adoption of genetic testing for cancer.

CLINICALTRIAL

NA
The landscape of mobile applications for healthy eating: A systematic review and quality assessment (Preprint)
Authors: Zamora Zamorano Garlene , Déniz-García Alejandro , Torres-Castaño Alezandra , Álvarez-Malé María Luisa , Torhild Gram Inger , Skeie Guri , Wägner Ana M
Published: November 2024

BACKGROUND

Mobile applications are increasingly used to foster healthy lifestyles. There is a growing need for clear, standardized guidelines to help users select safe and effective health apps.

OBJECTIVE

Our study aims to identify mobile apps promoting healthy eating that are worthy of recommendation based on evidence-based practices.

METHODS

We conducted a systematic review of apps promoting healthy eating that had already been evaluated by one or more of 28 recognized health app certification bodies. We conducted three rounds of app evaluations using the Quality Evaluation Scoring Tool (QUEST) (first and second rounds). In addition, we used a subjective 0-10 score scale (second and third rounds) in which each reviewer answered the question “how probable is it that you would recommend this app?”. Subsequent discussions were held to resolve scoring discrepancies and to identify the top-quality apps. We also assessed correlations among QUEST scores, app store scores and certification body scores.

RESULTS

Out of 41 applications identified by 5 certification bodies, 19 met inclusion criteria and were examined. Only 16 of these remained accessible for the second round. Eight of these surpassed 20 points (out of a maximum of 28) on the QUEST scale and were evaluated by the 6 experts in the third round. Second Nature, Freshwell, Yazio, Lifesum and MyNetDiary emerged as the leading applications. No correlations among QUEST, app store and certification body scores were found.

CONCLUSIONS

Despite numerous evaluations by various certifying bodies, only five apps met the quality standards set by our experts. Our results mark the importance of rigorous, transparent, and standardized app evaluation processes to guide users towards making informed decisions about health apps. Guidelines for app developers towards evidence-based, unbiased, high-quality apps, may be the most feasible path to solve this.
Correction: Effects of Message Framing on Human Papillomavirus Vaccination: Systematic Review (Preprint)
Authors: Gong Jie , Gu Dandan , Dong Suyun , Shen Wangqin , Yan Haiou , Xie Juan
Published: November 2024

UNSTRUCTURED
The Impact of China's Coast Guard on Indo‐Pacific Security from the Perspective of a Maritime Power
Authors: Chao Jiun-chuan
Published: November 2024

In 2024, the China Coast Guard (CCG) invoked China Coast Guard Regulation No. 3 to detain Taiwanese fishing boats twice in disputed waters. The positive actions of the CCG can be looked back to 2019. The CCG entered the waters of the Diaoyu islands in Japan twelve times and carried out cruises on the Diaoyu islands. It is necessary to study the follow-up actions of the CCG and their impact on Indo-Pacific security. This study examines the effect of the CCG's maritime rights protection on the security of the Indo-Pacific region when the People's Republic of China (China) becomes a maritime power. It was changed to the Maritime Police Corps of the Chinese People's Armed Police Force to integrate the business of marine surveillance, fishery administration, customs, border defense, and other units. The reason for the gradual expansion of powers and the impact of its strong protection of maritime rights and interests on neighboring countries. The research results can help us understand the current situation of the CCG and further evaluate China's ability to achieve maritime power. This paper finds that China intends to implement regular patrols in disputed waters by increasing the tonnage of coast guard ships, strengthening rights protection, and militarizing organizations to demonstrate maritime power. On the other hand, this move triggered a maritime police competition among neighboring countries, and even a naval and air force arms race, intensified disputes between China and neighboring countries, especially the East China Sea and South China Sea issues, and made the security of the Indo-Pacific region more turbulent and complicated.
Research on the Influence of Intelligent Construction Technology on Project Safety Performance
Authors: Li Ling , Song Guangying , Hu Jie
Published: November 2024

Although the quality of construction workers is constantly improving, considering the natural characteristics of the construction industry, such as large scale, long cycle, complex technology, as well as the high mobility of employees, lack of safety awareness, the lag of industry management and technology level, these have not yet reached the essential improvement, which leads to the frequent occurrence of construction safety accidents. In addition, in recent years, construction projects are developing towards a higher and more complex direction, which leads to the increase of construction difficulty. Even though a lot of technical equipment, management resources and information methods have been invested to improve the safety environment of the construction site, the accident rate and casualty rate are still high. Under the background of the current era, the construction industry has become the industry with the largest total number of accidents. Mining the application effect of intelligent construction technology in construction projects, exploring the relationship between intelligent construction technology in practice and the safety performance of construction projects, is conducive to the fuller and more perfect use of intelligent construction technology in safety management practice, and improving the management mode according to the different groups and differentiated management needs involved in intelligent construction technology so as to eliminate the negative concept of construction enterprises in the safety management work, reduce the occurrence of accidents in construction projects, and achieve the purpose of improving the safety performance of construction projects.
The Role of Women Writers in Empowering Modern Women
Authors: Palani Dr. N.
Published: November 2024

The Indian women writers charge consciousness to promulgate with definite impreciseness to the women in broad through their arts. Indian women writers are writing healthy and their endeavor is Brobdingnagian in the development of the national empowerment from the individual and collective hands of women through their ideological creations to create an ideological society where in which people are in celestial concerns. The writers picture their knowledge through their arts where in they live in and their insight towards the cycle of the society. The writers may teach the peoples the principles of life, ethics of humanity and they may take the responsibility of guiding the society in a moral and ethical way where individuals live a happy and eternal life. The creations of the writers may be a role model to the consumers of the arts universally.
Manufacturing of Poplar (Populus deltoides) Particle Boards Using Radio Frequency curing of Urea Formaldehyde Adhesive.
Authors: Khali D. P.
Published: November 2024

This study investigated the physical and mechanical properties of particle boards prepared from the lops and tops of poplar (Populus deltoides) using Radio frequency (RF) pressing and urea-formaldehyde (UF) adhesive. Boards were prepared with RF application times of 9, 12, and 15 minutes under pressures of 17.5, 21.0, and 24.5 kg/cm². Results showed that particle boards prepared at 24.5 kg/cm² with a 15-minute radio frequency application time performed well, meeting Indian Standard (IS: 3087) requirements. An inverse relationship between specific pressure (SP) and physical properties was observed, with increased SP leading to decreased moisture content, higher density, and reduced water absorption. In terms of mechanical properties, higher SP resulted in improved tensile strength (TS), modulus of rupture (MOR), modulus of elasticity (MOE), and screw withdrawal (SW) strength for both face and edge. These findings highlight the importance of specific pressure in enhancing the physical and mechanical characteristics of particle boards. Optimizing SP could lead to stronger, more durable boards, offering significant potential for improving quality in industrial applications using RF curing technology.
Timolol Maleate Microspheres: An Ingenious Carrier for Sustained Release Antihypertensive Formulation
Authors: Aher Shubhangi , Jain Aparna , Solanki Dipti , Yadav Priyanka , Redij Siddhesh
Published: November 2024

Background: Timolol maleate is classified as a BCS Class I drug and functions as a non-selective β-adrenergic receptor blocker. Its ability to lower heart rate and cardiac output has led to its widespread use in the treatment of hypertension.
Objective: Timolol maleate has a short half-life and is rapidly cleared from the body, which limits its therapeutic effectiveness, requiring frequent dosing and potentially affecting patient adherence. To overcome these challenges, sustained-release microspheres of Timolol maleate were developed using the ion gelation method.
Method: The ion gelation technique was employed to create the microspheres due to its various advantages, including ease of use, scalability and gentle processing conditions.
Results: All batches exhibited a comparatively lower swelling index in 0.1M HCl (pH 1.2) than in SIF (pH 6.8). It was observed that increasing the concentration of sodium alginate resulted in higher drug content. The microspheres were sized between 400 and 900 μm and demonstrated excellent flow characteristics. An optimized batch achieved an entrapment efficiency of 88.83% and released 92.15% of the drug over 7 hrs. Furthermore, stability studies conducted according to ICH Q1A(R2) for 3 months at 5±3°C and 25±2°C/60±5% RH indicated no significant changes in evaluation parameters.
Conclusion: The optimized Timolol maleate-loaded microspheres effectively provided sustained drug release through the membrane over 7 hrs. This study contributes to the development of improved drug delivery systems for better hypertension management, addressing the unmet needs in patient compliance.
Keywords: Timolol Maleate, Microspheres, Ion gelation method, Sodium alginate, Calcium chloride, Sustained release, Hypertension
Advances in Green Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles: Sustainable Approaches and Applications
Authors: Panwar Mangal Singh , Pal Praddep , Joshi Deepak
Published: November 2024

In the rapidly evolving field of nanotechnology, the synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) has shifted towards eco-friendly methodologies, aligning with the growing demand for sustainable practices. Biologically synthesized AgNPs, particularly noteworthy for their applications in medicine and materials science, exhibit exceptional efficacy against microorganisms. The unique physicochemical properties of AgNPs, including their small size and large surface area-to-volume ratio, contribute to their versatility in diverse sectors. The advantages of AgNPs, such as ease of production, low cost, and high carrier capacity, make them preferred for various applications, including drug delivery systems. Despite concerns about environmental hazards and toxicity, the benefits of AgNPs, such as controlled drug release and targeted delivery, position them as valuable contributors to advancements in nanotechnology. Green synthesis methods, emphasizing biological processes and natural compounds, gain prominence for their sustainability and reduced environmental impact. The regulatory oversight of nanoproducts ensures their safe use, balancing their advantages with environmental considerations. Ongoing research promises further innovations, solidifying AgNPs' role as key contributors to progress in nanotechnology and materials science.
Keywords: Silver nanoparticles, Green synthesis, Sustainable approaches, Characterization, Applications, Eco-friendly methods.
Características de las curvas de lactación en ovejas y factores que influyen en su variación: Revisión
Authors: Castillo-Hernández Gabriela , Ochoa-Alfaro Ana Erika , Ochoa-Cordero Manuel Antonio , Maldonado Jáquez Jorge Alonso , Torres-Hernández Glafiro
Published: November 2024

Los programas de mejoramiento genético de las razas de ovejas lecheras han respondido a una creciente demanda y popularidad del mercado, especialmente para quesos elaborados con leche de oveja. Estos derivados de la leche son una fuente importante de sustancias bioactivas para la salud humana. Por lo tanto, el conocimiento de la producción de leche (PRODL) es muy importante y los factores que influyen en su variación. El patrón típico de la PRODL durante el período que una oveja está lactando se conoce como curva de lactación (CL), y éstas pueden ser típicas (CLT) o atípicas (CLA). Las CLT se caracterizan por alcanzar una PRODL máxima (pico de lactación, PL) a los pocos días después del parto, y posteriormente disminuye gradualmente hasta llegar al final de la lactación, o secado. Las CLA son aquellas que muestran alguna desviación del patrón normal. Es importante conocer la representación gráfica del comportamiento de la lactación, ya que, además de predecir la PRODL, permite identificar problemas de salud y alimentación, así como la posibilidad de seleccionar hembras que sobresalen en la PRODL. La persistencia de la lactación (PER) se ha definido como la tasa de disminución en la PRODL después de que se alcanzó el PL, y es muy deseable que las ovejas tengan una alta PER. Se han desarrollado modelos matemáticos para el estudio de las CL y PER. Existen factores genéticos y ambientales que influyen en las CL.  
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Efecto del extracto acuoso de granos de café gastado como antioxidante en hamburguesas de cerdo crudas durante el almacenamiento refrigerado
Authors: Murillo Hernández Juan Luis , Vargas Sánchez Rey David , Torres Martínez Brisa del Mar , Huerta Leidenz Nelson , Torrescano Urrutia Gastón Ramón , Sánchez Escalante Armida
Published: November 2024

Se estudió el efecto del extracto acuoso de granos de café gastado (CG) y el butilhidroxitolueno (BHT) sobre el deterioro del color, la oxidación de lípidos y el estado antioxidante  de las hamburguesas de cerdo crudas durante el  almacenamiento refrigerado (4 °C/9 días, en oscuridad). Se evaluó el contenido de polifenoles y la actividad antirradical del extracto de CG. Las hamburguesas de cerdo se evaluaron para determinar el pH, los parámetros de color y la oxidación de lípidos (OXL), así como la actividad antioxidante total de la carne. Los resultados mostraron que el extracto de CG es una fuente importante de polifenoles y ejerce actividad antioxidante. Su inclusión en muestras de carne mitigó los cambios indeseables en los valores de pH, color y OXL y aumentó la estabilidad antioxidante durante el almacenamiento (P<0.05). En conclusión, el uso del extracto de CG como antioxidante natural puede mejorar la calidad y la vida útil de las hamburguesas de cerdo crudas.
Genetic-Based Neural Network for Enhanced Soil Texture Analysis: Integrating Soil Sensor Data for Optimized Agricultural Management
Authors: Nagalapuram Jayalakshmi , S. Samundeeswari
Published: November 2024

Soil texture analysis is vital in agricultural management due to its influence on crop growth and yield. Defined by the proportions of clay, sand, and silt particles, soil texture affects properties like aeration, water-holding capacity, and nutrient retention, all crucial for plant development. The OBJECTIVES: This study aims to design a Genetic-Based Neural Network (GBNN) for accurate soil texture analysis, particularly for soils with similar structures but different compositions. It also aims to collect environmental impact data through soil sensors to enhance the understanding of soil texture.METHODS: The methodology involves developing a GBNN, leveraging genetic algorithms to group homogeneous particles, thus improving texture classification. This approach addresses the shortcomings of previous deep learning models. Additionally, soil sensor data will be collected to study environmental factors affecting soil texture.RESULTS: The GBNN showed improved accuracy in texture classification compared to previous models. Genetic algorithms effectively grouped similar particles, and soil sensor data provided insights into environmental impacts on soil texture.CONCLUSION: The GBNN for soil texture analysis overcame previous models' challenges, improving classification accuracy. The integration of soil sensor data provided valuable environmental insights, aiding farmers in optimizing crop selection, fertilizer application, and soil management for better yields and sustainability.
Satellite Earth Observation Assets and Solutions: Supporting Operations in Asia and the Pacific
Authors:   Asian Development Bank, Manunta Paolo , Coulson Stephen ,   European Space Agency
Published: November 2024

This paper describes the main changes taking place in satellite Earth Observation (EO), and captures the initial experiences of the Asian Development Bank (ADB) and its developing member countries using EO information in daily work. It provides recommendations to strengthen and expand the application of EO information in ADB development operations.
Cultural and therapeutic landscapes in the role of healthy cities
Authors: Guzijan Jasna , Djukic Aleksandra , Vanista Lazarevic , Malinovic Miroslav , Cvijic Sinisa
Published: November 2024

Fast global changes affect cities from both economic and social standpoints. The COVID 19 pandemic has completely reshaped urban life and led to a greater respect for social connectedness, mental health and well-being. During the pandemic, people went to parks, green areas and picnic areas more regularly, which showed the importance of the availability of public areas for exercising, stress relief and social interaction. In addition to improving the environment, green areas are crucial for rest and relaxation from the fast pace of urban life. This paper explores the potential of specific areas to encourage citizens to adopt a healthier lifestyle and increase their well-being, focusing on the cultural landscape of the historic Srpske Toplice (Gornji Seher) neighborhood in Banja Luka, a segment of urban and architectural heritage that has preserved elements of local traditional architecture and culture. This neighbourhood, known for its hot springs, was built under the Ottomans and has a unique combination of natural and architectural elements. The research discusses the importance of the connection between people and their environment, highlighting how cultural heritage and a sense of place can enhance citizens? mental health and well-being when utilized for therapeutic purposes. The cultural landscape of Srpske Toplice was built between a green area (Starcevica Nature Park) and a blue area (Vrbas River). This paper presents a case study that aims to enhance our understanding of landscapes by considering the cultural, spiritual, emotional, physical and social well-being of communities.
Evaluation of measures to reduce thermal distortion caused by laser-based structuring of thin aluminum and steel sheets with continuous wave fiber laser
Authors: Wortmann Christoph , Brosda Maximilian , Olowinsky Alexander
Published: November 2024

Due to the increase in lightweight construction, hybrid components, such as metal and polymer, are getting more and more important. By the usage of laser radiation, a connection between these two materials can be created in a two-stage process. In the first step, the surface of the metal component is structured with a continuous wave fiber laser. The high local energy input of the laser beam leads to a thermal distortion in thin metals, which is investigated in this work. The aim of the work is to evaluate measures to reduce thermal distortion. For this, square specimens made of aluminum EN AW 5754 and stainless steel 1.4310 are structured on a large area. In addition to other factors, the influence of material properties, laser parameters, and energy deposition on thermal distortion is analyzed. The evaluation is carried out by a three-dimensional measurement of the samples with a profilometer and an optical determination of the deviation from the flat sample at defined measuring points. As a result of the investigation, the use of break times and jump speed between the laser passes to reduce thermal distortion is classified. Furthermore, external measures such as clamping the sheet metal or a heat-dissipating base are evaluated and classified with regard to the material properties.
Forest Damage on Sumbawa Island West Nusa Tenggara in an Ecological Justice Perspective
Authors: Yahya M. , Ridwan Ridwan , Firmanto Taufik , Wulandari Ainun , Gufran Gufran , Sukirman Sukirman , Adnan Adnan , Amin Muhammad
Published: November 2024

This article is the result of legal research that analyzes forest destruction on Sumbawa Island, West Nusa Tenggara from the perspective of ecological justice, focusing on the concept of ecological justice in forest management on Sumbawa Island, and policies on forest utilization on Sumbawa Island with the corn industry program which actually resulted in a crisis. environment in the form of forest destruction. The purpose of this study was to analyze forest destruction on Sumbawa Island, West Nusa Tenggara Province from the perspective of Ecological Justice, by conducting an analysis of forest management policies on Sumbawa Island. The method used in this study is a normative research method with a conceptual approach, statutory approach, conceptual approach, comparative approach, and analytical approach. The results of this study indicate that there has been massive forest destruction, for this reason the application of the concept of ecological justice in forest management on Sumbawa Island still needs to be implemented massively. This departs from the fact that massive forest destruction (natural exploitation) and/or environmental damage continues to occur, but an effective settlement of environmental cases has not yet been found. Likewise with the forest utilization policy on Sumbawa Island which still really needs a concrete role from the government and also the regional government of NTB . For the sake of realizing ecological justice, it cannot be separated from the role of the government as an institution authorized to implement laws and regulations. As the government as the guardian and/or executor of the law on the protection and management of the environment provides a sense of fairness in managing the environment.
Keywords: Ecological Justice; Deforestation; West Nusa Tenggara; Sumbawa Island.
Child Adoption Without a Judicial Process in Sawentar Village, Blitar Regency (Perspective of Positive Law and Islamic Law)
Authors: Amanu Damar , Azizah Aisyatul , Laili Afrohatul , Tertibi Yaoma
Published: November 2024

In Islam, adopting children has been known since the time of the Prophet Muhammad. Literally, tabbani means a family couple who tries to get a foster child from another family, then treats it as if it were their biological child. The reality of informants in Sawentar, Blitar, child adoption is based on the agreement of biological parents with adoptive parents, then the adopted child is manipulated as if he were the biological child of the adoptive parents, without going through the court process, Research qualitative approach type of observational research, field-research, determination of empirical approaches, subjected to 3 primary sources. Descriptive qualitative means using qualitative data, then described descriptively. Problems are solved by non-doctrinal empirical normative studies, sourced from primary and secondary data. The purpose of the research is to describe the process of adoption without trial, under HI / Islamic Law and or HP / Positive Law. Documentation, data collection by interviewing, observing reinforced the technique of analyzing documents in the design of descriptive qualitative methods, starting with reducing, presenting, ending with drawing conclusions, where the researcher holds the primary key. The conclusion was found that child adoption in Sawentar Village, the subject of the study carried out the adoption without going through the procedures as established by the government. This means that in positive law there is a violation of the law. The subject considers the judicial procedure to be a lot of time consuming, feels the complexity, does not meet the requirements of adoption, and the lack of understanding regarding child adoption according to the law. Implications, reviewing positive law, judicial child adoption is not fulfilled, if the socialization of adoption in the community is not intensified. Adoption is more about the agreement of both parties without a court process. Then, there is a lack of legal protection for adopted children, confidentiality in both, if not open, nasab (family ties based on blood relations, both up, down, and sideways) and the pleasure of the mother, father or biological person will be lost.
CESAREAN SECTION IN UKRAINE AND THE UNITED KINGDOM: SIMILARITIES AND DIFFERENCES
Authors: Lazurenko L. , Zhelezniakov O. , Alkhimov S. , Ovcharenko O. , Safonov R. , Tertyshnyk D.
Published: November 2024

The aim of the study was to conduct a comparative analysis of cesarean sections in Ukraine and the United Kingdom in order to improve the quality of medical care and optimize outcomes for both mother and newborn.Materials and methods. To achieve this goal, we analyzed the unifi ed clinical protocol «Caesarean section» of the Ministry of Health of Ukraine dated January 5, 2022 and the UK NICE GUIDELINE «Caesarean birth» in the latest version dated September 6, 2023. The work was performed in accordance with the research plan of the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology #2 of KhNMU: «Optimization of diagnostics, treatment of diseases of the reproductive system and pregnancy complications in women with extragenital pathology» (state registration number 0121U11923).Results. A comparative study of cesarean section protocols in Ukraine and the United Kingdom provided important insights into the current state of obstetric practice in both countries. Signifi cant diversity in CS protocols in Ukraine and the UK was noted. This is particularly true for both clinical aspects and aspects related to organizational and sociocultural factors. A signifi cant infl uence of social and cultural factors in the UK on the frequency of CR was found. The diff erence between the Ukrainian medical system and the NHS in the UK is mainly in the control of narcotic analgesics, the duration of the postoperative period, and the consideration of the woman’s preference for the method of delivery is quite controversial.Conclusions. Negative statistics reveal that the increase in the frequency of CS is typical not only for the UK, but also for Ukraine, although in Ukraine the explanation for this situation is the increase in the frequency of obstetric and extragenital pathology during martial law, and in the UK it is the woman’s choice. Understanding the diff erences between countries in their approaches to CS will help improve the quality of medical care and optimize outcomes for both mother and newborn. Understanding the differences between countries in their approaches to CS will help to improve the quality of medical careand optimize outcomes for both mother and newborn.
The Program That Simulates Network Attacks on Computers
Authors: Guts A.K. , Matushina O.V.
Published: November 2024

The purpose of the article is to present a computer program that simulates the operation of a computer network, and also demonstrates the results of using some network vulnerabilities by an unfair user.
Secure Multi-Agent Quantum Communication: Towards the Most Efficient Scheme (a Pedagogical Remark)
Authors: Kosheleva Olga , Kreinovich Vladik
Published: November 2024

In many economic and financial applications, it is important to have secure communications. At present, communication security is provided mostly by RSA coding, but the emergent quantum computing can break this encoding, thus making it not secure. One way to make communications absolutely secure is to use quantum encryption. The existing schemes for quantum encryption are aimed at agent-to-agent communications; however, in practice, we often need secure multi-agent communications, where each of the agents has the ability to securely send messages to everyone else. In principle, we can repeat the agent-to-agent scheme for each pair of agents, but this requires a large number of complex preliminary quantum communications. In this paper, we show how to minimize the number of such preliminary communications - without sacrificing reliability of the all-pairs scheme.
On a Local Limit Theorem for Functions of Dependent Variables
Authors: Grin' A.G.
Published: November 2024

The necessary and sufficient conditions for the validity of the local limit theorem for functions of dependent random variables is obtained. These conditions contain so-called minimal conditions of weak dependence.
Group Theoretical Description of Periodic System of Elements: II. Seaborg Table
Authors: Varlamov V.V.
Published: November 2024

Group theoretical description of Seaborg table (an eight-periodic extension of the Mendeleev table) is considered in the framework of the Rumer-Fet model. The mass formula, which allows one to provide a termwise mass splitting of the basic representation of the Rumer-Fet group, is introduced. Masses of elements of the Seaborg table, beginning from atomic number $Z=121$ and finishing by $Z=220$, are calculated. A continuation of the Seaborg homology between lanthanides and actinides is establihed up to superactinide group.
Model of synchronous processes in multiprocessor systems and tasks of their optimization
Authors: Kovalenko N.S.
Published: November 2024

Proposed model of synchronous processes in which mathematical formulas and ratios that allow calculations of optimum ratio of Exchange processors and channel light amounts of computations, solve Xia task of minimizing time unproductive downtime CPUs and channels, optimizing the number of blocks and Exchange accounts, where the minimum value of the total execution time of all processes is reached. This, in turn, is the starting point when designing the system and applications.