bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Energy efficiency maximization for active RIS-aided integrated sensing and communication
Authors: Rihan Mohamed , Zappone Alessio , Buzzi Stefano , Wübben Dirk , Dekorsy Armin
Published: April 2024

This paper investigates energy-efficient communication within an integrated sensing and communication system. The system employs a dual-function radar-communication base station. This base station concurrently serves multiple mobile users for communication purposes while also performing target sensing within a designated range cell. An active reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) is utilized to enhance communication efficiency. The focus of this work is to optimize the communication energy efficiency by jointly allocating the transmit power and configuring the RIS elements. This optimization is achieved while satisfying constraints on both the probing power required for target sensing and the quality-of-service demands of the communication users. Two novel optimization methods are proposed, combining techniques from alternating optimization, sequential programming, and fractional programming. Through numerical simulations, the effectiveness of the developed algorithms is validated. Additionally, the performance of the system utilizing an active RIS is compared to that of a system with a passive RIS, specifically in terms of their respective communication energy efficiencies.
Reversal and resumption of anticoagulants in patients with anticoagulant-associated intracerebral hemorrhage
Authors: Yang Jingfei , Jing Jie , Chen Shiling , Liu Xia , Wang Jiahui , Pan Chao , Tang Zhouping
Published: April 2024

The use of anticoagulants has become more frequent due to the progressive aging population and increased thromboembolic events. Consequently, the proportion of anticoagulant-associated intracerebral hemorrhage (AAICH) in stroke patients is gradually increasing. Compared with intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) patients without coagulopathy, patients with AAICH may have larger hematomas, worse prognoses, and higher mortality. Given the need for anticoagulant reversal and resumption, the management of AAICH differs from that of conventional medical or surgical treatments for ICH, and it is more specific. Understanding the pharmacology of anticoagulants and identifying agents that can reverse their effects in the early stages are crucial for treating life-threatening AAICH. When patients transition beyond the acute phase and their vital signs stabilize, it is important to consider resuming anticoagulants at the right time to prevent the occurrence of further thromboembolism. However, the timing and strategy for reversing and resuming anticoagulants are still in a dilemma. Herein, we summarize the important clinical studies, reviews, and related guidelines published in the past few years that focus on the reversal and resumption of anticoagulants in AAICH patients to help implement decisive diagnosis and treatment strategies in the clinical setting.
Optimizing patient outcomes: a comprehensive evaluation of protocolized sedation in intensive care settings: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Hernandez Fredy Leonardo Carreño , Ríos Maria Valentina Stozitzky , Bolivar Yenny Rocio Cardenas , Sánchez Jorge Iván Alvarado
Published: April 2024

Introduction

Amidst the routine utilization of protocolized sedation in ventilated ICU patients, existing management guidelines exhibit a lack of unanimous recommendations for its widespread adoption. This study endeavors to comprehensively assess the effectiveness and safety of protocolized sedation in critically ill ventilated patients.

Objective

The primary objective of this study was to systematically review and conduct a meta-analysis of clinical trials comparing protocolized sedation with standard management in critically ill ventilated patients. Key outcomes under scrutiny include ICU and hospital mortality, ventilation days, duration of ICU stay, and incidents of self-extubation. The evaluation incorporates the Risk of Bias 2 (RoB2) tool to assess the quality of included studies. Data analysis utilizes a random-effects model for relative risk (RR) and mean differences. Subgroup analysis categorizes sedation protocols into algorithmic or daily interruption, addressing potential heterogeneity. Additionally, a GRADE evaluation is performed to ascertain the overall certainty of the evidence.

Results

From an initial pool of 1504 records, 10 studies met the inclusion criteria. Protocolized sedation demonstrated a reduced RR for mortality (RR: 0.80, 95% CI 0.68–0.93, p < 0.01, I2 = 0%) and a decrease in ventilation days (mean difference: − 1.12, 95% CI − 2.11 to − 0.14, p = 0.03, I2 = 84%). Furthermore, there was a notable reduction in ICU stay (mean difference: − 2.24, 95% CI − 3.59 to − 0.89, p < 0.01, I2 = 81%). However, incidents of self-extubation did not exhibit a significant difference (RR: 1.20, 95% CI 0.49–2.94, p = 0.69, I2 = 35%). Subgroup analyses effectively eliminated heterogeneity (I2 = 0%), and the GRADE evaluation yielded moderate results for mortality, ventilation days, and ICU duration.

Conclusion

Protocolized sedation, whether implemented algorithmically or through daily interruption, emerges as a safe and effective approach when compared to standard management in ventilated ICU patients. The findings from this study contribute valuable insights to inform evidence-based practices in sedation management for this critical patient population.
The association between albumin-corrected calcium and prognosis in patients with cardiac arrest: a retrospective study based on the MIMIC-IV database
Authors: Zhong Lei , Lu Jianhong , Sun Xu , Sun Yuechen
Published: April 2024

Background

Cardiac arrest (CA) is one of the leading causes of death globally, characterized by high incidence and mortality. It is of particular significance to determine the prognosis of patients with CA early and accurately. Therefore, we aim to investigate the correlation between albumin-corrected calcium (ACC) and the prognosis in patients diagnosed with CA.

Methods

We retrospectively collected data from medical information mart for intensive care IV database. Patients were divided into two groups (survival and non-survival groups), according to the 90-day prognosis. In the Restricted cubic spline (RCS) analysis, the cut-off values (8.86 and 10.32) were obtained to categorize patients into three groups: low ACC group (< 8.86), moderate ACC group (8.86–10.32), and high ACC group (> 10.32). The least absolute shrinkage and selection operator with a ten-fold cross-validation regression analysis was performed to identify variables linked to the mortality. The inverse probability treatment weighting (IPTW) was used to address the confounding factors, and a weighted cohort was generated. RCS, Kaplan–Meier curve, and Cox regression analyses were used to explore the relationship between ACC and the mortality. Sensitivity analysis was employed to validate the stability of the results.

Results

Cut-off values for ACC of 8.86 and 10.32 were determined. RCS analyses showed that there was an overall non-linear trend relationship between ACC and the risk of 90-day and 360-day mortalities. After IPTW adjustment, compared to the moderate ACC group, the 90-day and 360-day mortalities in the high ACC group were higher (P < 0.05). The Cox analyses before and after IPTW adjustment showed that both low ACC and high ACC group were independent risk factors for 90-day and 360-day all-cause mortality in patients with CA (P < 0.05). The results obtained from sensitivity analyses indicated the stability of the findings. The Kaplan–Meier survival curves indicated that 90- and 360-day cumulative survival rates in the low ACC and high ACC groups were lower than that in the moderate ACC group (χ2 = 11.350, P = 0.003; χ2 = 14.110, P = 0.001).

Conclusion

Both low ACC (< 8.86) and high ACC groups (> 10.32) were independent risk factors for 90-day and 360-day all-cause mortality in patients with CA (P < 0.05). For those CA patients with high and low ACC, it deserved the attention of clinicians.
Spatiotemporal patterns in habitat use of natal and non-natal adult Atlantic sturgeon in two spawning rivers
Authors: White Shannon , Breece Matthew , Fox Dewayne , Kazyak David , Higgs Amanda , Park Ian , Busch Cassia , Lubinski Barbara , Johnson Robin , Welsh Amy
Published: April 2024

Background

Monitoring movement across an organism’s ontogeny is often challenging, particularly for long-lived or wide-ranging species. When empirical data are unavailable, general knowledge about species’ ecology may be used to make assumptions about habitat use across space or time. However, inferences about habitat use based on population-level ecology may overlook important eco-evolutionary contributions from individuals with heterogenous ethologies and could diminish the efficacy of conservation and management.

Methods

We analyzed over a decade of acoustic telemetry data to understand individual differences in habitat use of federally endangered adult Atlantic sturgeon (Acipenser o. oxyrinchus) in the Delaware and Hudson rivers during spawning season. In particular, we sought to understand whether sex or natal origin could predict patterns in habitat use, as there is a long-held assumption that adult Atlantic sturgeon seldom stray into non-natal rivers.

Results

In both rivers, migration timing, spawning habitat occupancy, and maximum upstream migration distance were similar between natal and non-natal individuals. While non-natal individuals represented only 13% of fish detected in the Hudson River, nearly half of all tagged fish detected in the Delaware River were non-natal and generally occupied freshwater habitats longer than natal individuals. In both systems males had more heterogenous patterns of habitat use and longer duration of occupancy than did females.

Conclusions

This study demonstrates the importance of non-natal rivers for fulfilling ontogenetic habitat requirements in Atlantic sturgeon. Our results may also highlight an opportunity to improve conservation and management by extending habitat designations to account for more heterogenous patterns in individual habitat use in non-natal freshwater environments.
Application of image-recognition techniques to automated micronucleus detection in the in vitro micronucleus assay
Authors: Yoda Hiromi , Abe Kazuya , Takeo Hideya , Takamura-Enya Takeji , Koike-Takeshita Ayumi
Published: April 2024

Background

An in vitro micronucleus assay is a standard genotoxicity test. Although the technique and interpretation of the results are simple, manual counting of the total and micronucleus-containing cells in a microscopic field is tedious. To address this issue, several systems have been developed for quick and efficient micronucleus counting, including flow cytometry and automated detection based on specialized software and detection systems that analyze images.

Results

Here, we present a simple and effective method for automated micronucleus counting using image recognition technology. Our process involves separating the RGB channels in a color micrograph of cells stained with acridine orange. The cell nuclei and micronuclei were detected by scaling the G image, whereas the cytoplasm was recognized from a composite image of the R and G images. Finally, we identified cells with overlapping cytoplasm and micronuclei as micronucleated cells, and the application displayed the number of micronucleated cells and the total number of cells. Our method yielded results that were comparable to manually measured values.

Conclusions

Our micronucleus detection (MN/cell detection software) system can accurately detect the total number of cells and micronucleus-forming cells in microscopic images with the same level of precision as achieved through manual counting. The accuracy of micronucleus numbers depends on the cell staining conditions; however, the software has options by which users can easily manually optimize parameters such as threshold, denoise, and binary to achieve the best results. The optimization process is easy to handle and requires less effort, making it an efficient way to obtain accurate results.
A Rare Prolactin-secreting Pituitary Carcinoma With Epidural and Thecal Metastases
Authors: Liu Anna , Van Uum Stan , Lee Donald , Hammond Robert R , Ezzat Shereen , Clemens Kristin K
Published: April 2024

Pituitary carcinomas are rare but associated with significant morbidity and mortality. They remain challenging to diagnose and manage. In this case, we describe a 56-year-old man who presented with erectile dysfunction and binocular vertical diplopia. He had central hypogonadism, secondary adrenal insufficiency, and central hypothyroidism on biochemical testing. His serum prolactin was 1517 mcg/L (1517 ng/mL; reference range 4-15 mcg/L), and his sellar magnetic resonance imaging showed a 2.0 × 2.2 × 3.1 cm pituitary tumor. Pathology revealed a prolactin-secreting carcinoma. Despite treatment with a high-dose dopaminergic, 2 transsphenoidal resections, and 1 course of radiation, prolactin levels continued to rise. He developed metastases to the epidural space and thecal sac from the thoracic to sacral spine, for which he received 12 cycles of temozolomide chemotherapy with initial clinical and biochemical response. This was followed by disease escape and progression. We discuss the clinical and imaging features that warrant a high index of suspicion for pituitary carcinoma and review contemporary treatment.
SRRM2 splicing factor modulates cell fate in early development
Authors: Carvalho Silvia , Zea-Redondo Luna , Tang Tsz Ching Chloe , Stachel-Braum Philipp , Miller Duncan , Caldas Paulo , Kukalev Alexander , Diecke Sebastian , Grosswendt Stefanie , Grosso Ana Rita , Pombo Ana
Published: April 2024

Embryo development is an orchestrated process that relies on tight regulation of gene expression to guide cell differentiation and fate decisions. The Srrm2 splicing factor has recently been implicated in developmental disorders and diseases, but its role in early mammalian development remains unexplored. Here, we show that Srrm2 dosage is critical for maintaining embryonic stem cell pluripotency and cell identity. Srrm2 heterozygosity promotes loss of stemness, characterised by the coexistence of cells expressing naive and formative pluripotency markers, together with extensive changes in gene expression, including genes regulated by serum-response transcription factor (SRF) and differentiation-related genes. Depletion of Srrm2 by RNA interference in embryonic stem cells shows that the earliest effects of Srrm2 heterozygosity are specific alternative splicing events on a small number of genes, followed by expression changes in metabolism and differentiation-related genes. Our findings unveil molecular and cellular roles of Srrm2 in stemness and lineage commitment, shedding light on the roles of splicing regulators in early embryogenesis, developmental diseases and tumorigenesis.
Foxg1 bimodally tunes L1-mRNA and -DNA dynamics in the developing murine neocortex
Authors: Liuzzi Gabriele , Artimagnella Osvaldo , Frisari Simone , Mallamaci Antonello
Published: April 2024

Foxg1 masters telencephalic development via a pleiotropic control over its progression. Expressed within the central nervous system (CNS), L1 retrotransposons are implicated in progression of its histogenesis and tuning of its genomic plasticity. Foxg1 represses gene transcription, and L1 elements share putative Foxg1-binding motifs, suggesting the former might limit telencephalic expression (and activity) of the latter. We tested such a prediction, in vivo as well as in engineered primary neural cultures, using loss- and gain-of-function approaches. We found that Foxg1-dependent, transcriptional L1 repression specifically occurs in neopallial neuronogenic progenitors and post-mitotic neurons, where it is supported by specific changes in the L1 epigenetic landscape. Unexpectedly, we discovered that Foxg1 physically interacts with L1-mRNA and positively regulates neonatal neopallium L1-DNA content, antagonizing the retrotranscription-suppressing activity exerted by Mov10 and Ddx39a helicases. To the best of our knowledge, Foxg1 represents the first CNS patterning gene acting as a bimodal retrotransposon modulator, limiting transcription of L1 elements and promoting their amplification, within a specific domain of the developing mouse brain.
Taurine activates the AKT–mTOR axis to restore muscle mass and contractile strength in human 3D in vitro models of steroid myopathy
Authors: Mughal Sheeza , Sabater-Arcis Maria , Artero Ruben , Ramón-Azcón Javier , Fernández-Costa Juan M.
Published: April 2024

Steroid myopathy is a clinically challenging condition exacerbated by prolonged corticosteroid use or adrenal tumors. In this study, we engineered a functional three-dimensional (3D) in vitro skeletal muscle model to investigate steroid myopathy. By subjecting our bioengineered muscle tissues to dexamethasone treatment, we reproduced the molecular and functional aspects of this disease. Dexamethasone caused a substantial reduction in muscle force, myotube diameter and induced fatigue. We observed nuclear translocation of the glucocorticoid receptor (GCR) and activation of the ubiquitin–proteasome system within our model, suggesting their coordinated role in muscle atrophy. We then examined the therapeutic potential of taurine in our 3D model for steroid myopathy. Our findings revealed an upregulation of phosphorylated AKT by taurine, effectively countering the hyperactivation of the ubiquitin–proteasomal pathway. Importantly, we demonstrate that discontinuing corticosteroid treatment was insufficient to restore muscle mass and function. Taurine treatment, when administered concurrently with corticosteroids, notably enhanced contractile strength and protein turnover by upregulating the AKT–mTOR axis. Our model not only identifies a promising therapeutic target, but also suggests combinatorial treatment that may benefit individuals undergoing corticosteroid treatment or those diagnosed with adrenal tumors.
Η αθανασία της ψυχής και το πρόβλημα του κακού στο έργο του Γρηγορίου Νύσσης ‘Περί Ψυχής και Αναστάσεως’
Authors: Σκουμπούρη Ιωάννα
Published: April 2024

Σε όλη τη μέχρι τώρα πορεία της φιλοσοφίας, η εμπλοκή του Χριστιανισμού στον φιλοσοφικό στοχασμό μόνο περιθωριακή δεν υπήρξε. Στον Δυτικό Πολιτισμό, από τη στιγμή που επικράτησε ο Χριστιανισμός ως θρησκεία, οι δυτικοί φιλόσοφοι άμεσα ή έμμεσα λάμβαναν και λαμβάνουν θέση σχετικά με τα δογματικά ζητήματα που εμπίπτουν στο πλαίσιο των ενδιαφερόντων τους. Από φιλοσοφική άποψη, ιδιαίτερα ενδιαφέρουσα περίπτωση αποτελεί ο Γρηγόριος Νύσσης, ο οποίος μάλιστα επιχειρούσε να υπερασπίσει το χριστιανικό δόγμα έναντι αντίστοιχων θεωριών που είχε διατυπώσει η αρχαία ελληνική φιλοσοφία. Μέσα σε αυτό το πλαίσιο, η παρούσα διατριβή, αναγνωρίζοντας ότι είναι πρακτικά αδύνατο να μελετηθεί όλο το εύρος του θεολογικού-φιλοσοφικού στοχασμού του Γρηγορίου Νύσσης, εστιάζει σε δύο κεντρικής σημασίας για τον Χριστιανισμό έννοιες, της αθανασίας της ψυχής και του κακού. Επίκεντρο της μελέτης αυτής τίθεται το έργο του Περί ψυχής και αναστάσεως, το οποίο δίνει τη δυνατότητα για εξέτασή τους και στο υπόλοιπο έργο του, καθώς και για συναφείς έννοιες, όπως ο Παράδεισος, ο διάβολος κτλ.
Μια διερεύνηση της παρουσίας Αριστοτελικών αρετών στον ηθικό εκπαιδευτικό - ηγέτη και του αντιλαμβανόμενου αντικτύπου στην ψυχολογική ευημερία των μαθητών του
Authors: Ρούσσος Αντώνιος
Published: April 2024

Οι Αριστοτελικές αρετές θεωρούνται για πολλούς μελετητές στοιχεία κλειδιά της συμπεριφοράς ενός εκπαιδευτικού αναγνωριζόμενου ως Ηγέτη αλλά και ειδικότερα αναγνωριζόμενου ως Ηθικό Ηγέτη. Η Σύνεση ή Φρόνηση, το Σθένος, η Εγκράτεια, ο Λόγος, το Πάθος αλλά και η εμπνεόμενη αίσθηση Δικαίου ως αναγνωριζόμενα στοιχεία της συμπεριφοράς ενός Ηγέτη έχουν αποτελέσει αντικείμενο μελέτης πολλών επιστημόνων. Η παρούσα διατριβή μελετά το πώς βρίσκουν εφαρμογή οι σχετικές θεωρίες και οι μέχρι τώρα μελέτες όταν στο ρόλο του Ηθικού Ηγέτη βρίσκεται ένας εκπαιδευτικός. Επίσης διερευνά το κατά πόσον είναι αναγνωρίσιμα τα χαρακτηριστικά που περιγράψαμε από μαθητές νεαρής ηλικίας. Παράλληλα με την ύπαρξη των παραπάνω χαρακτηριστικών στόχος είναι να μελετηθεί η επίδραση των εξής έκδηλων συμπεριφορών του εκπαιδευτικού ως άμεσα συσχετιζόμενες με τις παραπάνω αρετές. Αυτές είναι ο αντιλαμβανόμενος Σεβασμός από τον εκπαιδευτικό προς τους μαθητές, η παρεχόμενη προς τους μαθητές Υποστήριξη, η παροχή κινήτρων προς του μαθητές, η αντιληπτή δράση του εκπαιδευτικού ως Μέντορα και πηγής έμπνευσης προς τους μαθητές. Η παρούσα διατριβή έχει σκοπό πιο συγκεκριμένα να μελετήσει την αντιλαμβανόμενη επίδραση που έχουν οι παραπάνω αρετές και έκδηλες συμπεριφορές στους μαθητές της Δευτεροβάθμιας Εκπαίδευσης. Επιπλέον στοχεύει στο να διερευνήσει εμπειρικά αν τα συμπεριφορικά χαρακτηριστικά του Εκπαιδευτικού Ηθικού Ηγέτη που αναφέραμε προκαλούν Ψυχολογική Ευημερία στο μαθητή, δηλαδή Θετικά συναισθήματα, Αίσθημα του Ανήκειν, Ικανοποίηση, Αισιοδοξία, αίσθηση Επίτευξης των στόχων του και οδηγούν στην ενεργότερη ενασχόλησή του. Η καθημερινή επαφή και τριβή μεταξύ μαθητών και εκπαιδευτικών μοιάζει ιδανικό περιβάλλον για να κάνει τα όποια χαρακτηριστικά ευκολότερα αναγνωρίσιμα και συνεπώς αναμένουμε να είναι αντίστοιχα πιο διακριτά και τα αποτελέσματα της επίδρασής τους. Τα αποτελέσματα που προέκυψαν από την ανάλυση των δεδομένων υποδεικνύουν ότι υπάρχει ισχυρή σχέση ανάμεσα στον Ηθικό Εκπαιδευτικό Ηγέτη του οποίου η συμπεριφορά υποδεικνύει ότι εκείνος διαθέτει Αριστοτελικές αρετές, και η οποία οδηγεί στην Ψυχολογική Ευημερία των μαθητών του. Συμπερασματικά, η σημαντική αυτή διαπίστωση μπορεί να λειτουργήσει ως οδηγός για τους εκπαιδευτικούς της Δευτεροβάθμιας Εκπαίδευσης που επιθυμούν να επηρεάσουν θετικά την ψυχολογική ευημερία των μαθητών τους ενστερνιζόμενοι τις αρετές αυτές και τις ανάλογες συμπεριφορές.
Small-sample, size corrections of the t and F tests in some econometric specifications of the generalized linear regression model
Authors: Λόλα Ευτυχία
Published: April 2024

Αυτή η Διδακτορική Διατριβή ασχολείται με την εφαρμογή εκλεπτυσμένων ασυμπτωτικών τεχνικών για την διόρθωση του μεγέθους των t και F ελέγχων σε μικρά δείγματα για τις ακόλουθες ειδικές περιπτώσεις του Γενικευμένου Γραμμικού Υποδείγματος: 1. Το υπόδειγμα μιας εξίσωσης με αυτοσυσχέτιση και ετεροσκεδαστικότητα στους διαταρακτικούς όρους. Το συγκεκριμένο υπόδειγμα είναι ένας συνδυασμός των προβλημάτων ετεροσκεδαστικότητας και αυτοσυσχέτισης και προτείνει μια εκτιμητική στρατηγική για τις παραμέτρους της αυτοσυσχέτισης και της ετεροσκεδαστικότητας, όπως επίσης και μεθόδους για την διόρθωση του μεγέθους των t και F ελέγχων σε μικρά δείγματα. 2. Το Γενικευμένο υπόδειγμα με δεδομένα panel που είναι ένας συνδυασμός συσχετιζόμενων διαστρωματικών στοιχείων με αυτοσυσχετιζόμενες χρονολογικές σειρές. Η θεμελιώδης υπόθεση του συγκεκριμένου υποδείγματος είναι οι κοινές παράμετροι συμπεριφοράς όλων των οικονομικών δρώντων, κάτι που διαφοροποιεί το υπόδειγμα από αυτό του Parks (1967).3.Η Ειδική Περίπτωση του Γενικευμένου Γραμμικού Υποδείγματος με δεδομένα panel, στο οποίο όλοι οι οικονομικοί δρώντες είναι ασυσχέτιστοι μεταξύ τους.
A behaviour digital twin for residential demand response: Modelling intention and motivation to improve the prediction of the likelihood of reaction to behavioural triggers
Authors: Blanke Julia , Beder Christian
Published: April 2024

Background: Residential demand response is a resource in the evolving energy infrastructure which thus far has not achieved its full potential. Amongst the reasons for this underutilisation is a lack of understanding, and therefore predictability, in relation to the uncertainty of the behaviour of human actors and its potential impact on energy demand side management. Optimal model predictive control of energy assets requires a digital twin to operate, however, most approaches so far are focused predominantly on technical indicators only and neglect the individuality of people and their behaviour in the operation. To fully integrate human led actions into such a system, the digital twin must therefore also provide social and psychological indicators to facilitate better predictability of reactions to demand response triggers. Methods: In the following a behaviour digital twin model will be presented based on the theory of planned behaviour and the self-determination theory, which provide well-established and validated tools to capture indicators of intention and motivation. The key contribution of this work is to operationalise and combine these models into a software tool, which continuously adapts its parameters to the evolving behaviour of users and provides up-to-date predictions. Results: The resulting model predicts the likelihood of each individual to react to appropriate demand response triggers, which can be used in model predictive control involving human actors to optimally select whom to target and when. Conclusions: The presented behaviour digital twin aims at bridging the gap between research in psychology to evaluate and assess drivers of behaviour and innovations in the space of model predictive control to optimally facilitate asset operation in residential settings.
Notes on the tourist exploitation of archaeological sites: A case of study of best practices applied to rural heritage in Spain
Authors: Castelo Ruano Raquel , González Soutelo Silvia
Published: April 2024

Beyond the mere promotion and diffusion of information, the dissemination of heritage sites also requires heightening social awareness of their historical and cultural value, which in turn intrinsically implies a greater appreciation and protection of this heritage by population groups close to it. Effective dissemination involves considering a number of values, actions and criteria. Heritage sites have an intrinsic value as an expression of the history and culture of a community, and it is therefore essential to respect and conserve their authenticity and originality. Dissemination may take the form of a number of actions, such as the creation of educational materials, the organisation of cultural events, guided tours and the promotion of research and conservation as part of the creation of new diffusion strategies. It is therefore of vital importance to identify clearly defined criteria for the selection and dissemination of such spaces, taking into consideration their historical and cultural significance, their state of conservation and their potential for driving awareness and promoting education. In this sense, the dissemination of heritage sites requires an integrated approach that combines research, conservation and promotion that involves both the local community and visitors in their preservation and enjoyment.
A new roadmap for an age-inclusive workforce management practice and an international policies comparison
Authors: Katiraee Niloofar , Berti Nicola , Das Ajay , Zennaro Ilenia , Aldrighetti Riccardo , Dimovski Vlado , Peljhan Darja , Dobbs Debra , Glock Christoph , Pacheco Gail , Neumann Patrick , Ogawa Ami , Battini Daria
Published: April 2024

Background Worldwide, the worker population age is growing at an increasing rate. Consequently, government institutions and companies are being tasked to find new ways to address age-related workforce management challenges and opportunities. The development of age-friendly working environments to enhance ageing workforce inclusion and diversity has become a current management and national policy imperative. Since an ageing workforce population is a spreading worldwide trend, an identification and analysis of worker age related best practices across different countries would help the development of novel palliative paradigms and initiatives. Methods This study proposes a new systematic research-based roadmap that aims to support executives and administrators in implementing an age-inclusive workforce management program. The roadmap integrates and builds on published literature, best practices, and international policies and initiatives that were identified, collected, and analysed by the authors. The roadmap provides a critical comparison of age-inclusive management practices and policies at three different levels of intervention: international, country, and company. Data collection and analysis was conducted simultaneously across eight countries: Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, New Zealand, Slovenia, and the USA. Results and conclusions The findings of this research guide the development of a framework and roadmap to help manage the challenges and opportunities of an ageing workforce in moving towards a more sustainable, inclusive, and resilient labour force.
Archaeological evidence of resource utilisation of walrus, Odobenus rosmarus, over the past two millennia: A systematic review protocol
Authors: Buss Danielle L. , Dierickx Katrien , Falahati-Anbaran Mohsen , Elliot Deirdre , Rankin Lisa K. , Whitridge Peter , Frasier Brenna , Richard Jean-Simon , van den Hurk Youri , Barrett James H.
Published: April 2024

The walrus, Odobenus rosmarus, is an iconic pinniped and predominant molluscivore that is well adapted to Arctic and subarctic environments. Its circumpolar distribution, large body size and ivory tusks facilitated its vital role as food, raw material (for tools and art), income, and cultural influence on many Arctic Indigenous communities for millennia. Intensification of hunting (often due to the arrival of Europeans, especially between the 16th and 19th centuries) to obtain ivory, hide, blubber and meat, resulted in diminished, sometimes extirpated, walrus populations. Zooarchaeological, artefactual and documentary evidence of walrus material has been collated at local and regional scales and is frequently focused on a specific culture or period of time. Systematic collation of this evidence across the Northern Hemisphere will provide insight into the chronology and circumpolar distribution of walrus hunting and provide a tool to document societal change in walrus resource use. Here, we lay out a systematic review protocol to collate records of archaeological walrus artefacts, tusks and bones that have been documented primarily within published literature to archive when and where (as feasible) walrus extractions occurred between 1 CE and 2000 CE. These data will be openly available for the scientific community. The resulting dataset will be the first to provide spatiotemporal information (including the recognition of knowledge gaps) regarding past walrus populations and extirpations on a circumpolar scale. Our protocol is published to ensure reproducibility and comparability in the future, and to encourage the adoption of systematic review methodology (including pre-published protocols) in archaeology.
Person-centred data sharing: Empirical studies in private individuals’ attitudes
Authors: Pickering Brian , Boniface Michael , Roth Silke , Baker Katie , Taylor Steve
Published: April 2024

Background Recognising the power of data analytics, researchers are anxious to gain access to personal data either directly from data subjects or via research data sets. This requires a secure environment, such as a trusted research environment (TRE). However, it is unclear how the data subjects themselves regard sharing their data with TREs, especially if research goals are difficult to specify upfront or data are used for secondary purposes, making informed consent difficult to manage. We review three empirical studies to throw some light on individual attitudes to sharing health data. Methods Three anonymous, online surveys were run. The first involving 800 UK residents aimed at understanding how participants view the health data security. The second involving 500 UK residents aimed at identifying private individual views on privacy. These two surveys used a crowdsourcing platform. The third involved 1086 students at a UK university reporting their engagement with a trial diagnostic method for SARS-CoV-2. Results The first survey demonstrated that private individuals could make security decisions though they usually assume the recipient of their personal data to be responsible for all aspects of keeping the data safe. The second highlighted that individuals were aware of privacy risks but are motivated to share their data based on different contextual assumptions. The third, involving the incidental sharing of sensitive data during the SARS-CoV-2 pilot highlighted that prosocial motivations override potential personal benefit of such testing. Conclusions The three, unconnected surveys make clear that there are tensions between private individual understanding of data security and privacy risk, on the one hand, and how they behave, on the other. Respondents rely on data stewards to keep their data safe, though are likely to share even sensitive data for prosocial benefit. These findings have implications for those offering TRE services for research.
Future-making through eventing human-machine listening
Authors: Hedayati Mona
Published: April 2024

Reverb-Resonate: Sounding the Affective Frequencies of Migration operates at the intersection of art, science, and technology to articulate an emotional landscape of migration and exile. Rooted in the methodology of research-creation (RC) and grounded in the interdisciplinary field of Art, Science, and Technology Studies (ASTS), the project transcends conventional disciplinary boundaries to offer speculative possibilities through human-machine listening. Drawing on the body is an already augmented site, the project makes audible physiological sensors that capture micro-level intricacies responsible for stress regulation. Listening, is, thus, foregrounded as the core public engagement strategy, creating a layered sound collage that interweaves somatic registers of recorded breathing samples and physiological sensor values with machine listening to recreate new forms of sound. Engagement with ASTS is, hence, in the form of a method that traverses transforming sensor application, generating technicized sound and composing an acoustic experience capable of affective engagement. Through machine learning—a subfield of artificial intelligence—the notion of ‘machine listening’ extends beyond human hearing limitations, introducing non-normative structures to challenge and expand habitual forms of human listening. Reverb-Resonate, hence, leverages artistic strategies and techno-augmentations to address the crisis of imagination that hinders opening up to realities far from the familiar and the personal to imagine ‘what could be’ as a way of future-making. It underscores the critical edge of RC and ASTS in addressing complex critical issues, proposing a speculative space where the human-machine hybrid puts forth a socio-technical assemblage of listening to understand 'otherly' experiences. The project, thus, advances a critical inquiry into the mediation and augmentation of listening to imagine new possibilities for embodied engagement with unfamiliar emotional spaces and experiences.
American Strategic Narrative - A Success Story or an Archetypal Rhetoric
Authors: Bhatti Amjad Mehmood , Mehmood Nasir
Published: April 2024

Great powers rationalize their position and actions to their people, allies, and opponents. Empirical observations avow the existence of a grand narrative as a fundamental feature in the struggle for supremacy and justification to seize the top position by a great power. The American case is unique; desirous of holding persistent world leadership, it has to constantly adjust its narrative which resonates with the change in time and age shifts. This paper attempts to assess the role of strategic narrative in shaping the US envisaged world order while critically analyzing whether the American strategic narratives have been a success story or just another archetypal rhetoric. While giving an overview of the American narrative from the Monroe Doctrine to the present time, the paper argues that perhaps the American policymakers sometimes overlooked the policy-narrative linkage. Arguably, the American narrative lacked consistency and coherence as it contradicted with actual American foreign policies and created an observable policy-narrative gap. The US's narrative building was characterized by the 'need of time' and it kept mutating from the Cold War to the global war on terror, sometimes entirely contradictory to previously held stances. This paper further highlights that the narratives that the United States adopted during different timeframes were meant to enable the execution of its policy objectives that were set for its path toward world leadership while ensuring that the narratives can gain acceptability as per normative standards and possess enough attraction to be transmitted through various media without catching agonizing criticism.
Curriculum development routines supporting goal pursuit in Estonian schools
Authors: Vanari Kätlin , Poll Kristiina , Eisenschmidt Eve
Published: April 2024

Kooli arengueesmärkide elluviimisel on oluline roll kooli õppekavaarendusel, kuid pole teada, kuivõrd organisatsiooni tegevusmustrid arengukava ja õppekava seoseid toetavad. Uuringu eesmärk on välja selgitada, kuidas toetavad kooli õppekavaarenduse eestvedamise rutiinid kooli arengueesmärkide elluviimist. Uurisime, (1) millised on kooli õppekavaarendusega seotud arengueesmärgid; (2) kuidas mõistab juhtmeeskond õppekava kooli arengueesmärkide elluviimisel; ja (3) millised õppekavaarenduse eestvedamise rutiinid on koolis kujunenud. Seitsme kooli juhtumiuuringu põhjal selgus, et arengueesmärkides domineerivad õppekava rakendamise eesmärgid ja õppekava hindamine on vähesel määral eesmärgistatud. Kooli juhtmeeskondade arusaamades on segadus õppekava rollist kooliarenduses. Uuritud koolides on õppekavaarenduse eestvedamise rutiinid, mis tagavad ülesannete delegeerimise. Samas ei toimi õpetajate koostöö õppekavaarenduses piisavalt.
Summary
NEUROMARKETING TOOLS: ETHICAL SIDE OF INFLUENCE ON CONSUMER BEHAVIORAL REACTIONS
Authors: Akaeva Veronika R. , Hametova Nyria G.
Published: April 2024

Despite the growing popularity of neuromarketing, its use faces certain problems. First of all, consumers and society have concerns about the ethical component of neuromarketing and the possibility of its use to manipulate consumer behavior. In addition, both businesses and consumers do not always have complete information about the features of neuromarketing and the technologies it uses. Addressing these issues is essential to expanding the use of neuromarketing as a tool for improving business performance.
Purpose of the study: analysis of the ethical aspects of neuromarketing and review of the main neuromarketing technologies from the point of view of assessing their advantages compared to traditional marketing tools.
Method or methodology for carrying out work. During the research, systemic and situational types of analysis, data from expert assessments, and information from complex studies provided by neurolaboratories were used. The information base of the study was formed on the basis of publications on the topic of neuromarketing, presented in the RSCI and Scopus databases, as well as monographs relevant to the research topic.
Results. We have proposed our own definition that reveals the essence of neuromarketing. The author's point of view has been formed on determining the degree of ethics of using neuromarketing tools when conducting comprehensive studies of consumer preferences. Information on key neurobiological methods used in neuromarketing research is systematized and their effectiveness in comparison with traditional marketing tools is clarified.
Scope of application of the results: results obtained can be used when conducting research in the field of neuromarketing.
THE USE OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES IN MUNICIPAL MANAGEMENT (BASED ON THE MATERIALS OF THE LIPETSK CITY DISTRICT)
Authors: Markov Roman S. , Zabaykalov Andrey P. , Malikova Daria V.
Published: April 2024

Background. At the present stage of the development of municipal government, there is an intensive introduction of digital tools that provide solutions to issues of local importance. It seems relevant to generalize the experience of large cities in informatization of the activities of local governments, the dissemination of best practices, and the search for solutions to the problems of digital modernization of municipalities.
Materials and methods. The purpose of this article is to study the current practice of using information technology in municipal education management. The empirical basis of the study is the management activities of local self–government bodies of the Lipetsk city district, the administrative center of the Lipetsk region. Traditional theoretical and empirical methods of studying social processes in municipal management are used.
Results. It was established that the Lipetsk city administration was able to both adapt the all-Russian electronic platforms and start developing and implementing its own information resources into municipal management. It is concluded that it is advisable to carry out additional explanatory work with the population in the interests of more effective interaction with local governments in the provision of municipal services and solving issues of local importance.
Conclusion. The results of the study can be used in the professional activities of municipal employees.
La guerra del Rif. Cien años después. XV Jornadas Nacionales de Historia Militar Cátedra General Castaños
Authors: Álvarez Rey Leandro , Gómez Porrúa Álvaro , Ruiz Sánchez José-Leonardo
Published: April 2024

A comienzos del siglo XX, durante el reinado de Alfonso XIII, el intento de establecer un protectorado español en el norte de Marruecos desembocó en una dura guerra en la región del Riff. Iniciada a raíz de los acuerdos adoptados en la Conferencia de Algeciras (1906), la presencia española en este territorio dio lugar a episodios tan trágicos como los vividos en el Barranco del Lobo, clave para entender el estallido de la «Semana Trágica» de Barcelona (1909), o el desastre de Annual y Monte-Arruit (1921). Los trabajos recogidos en este volumen abordan, desde la perspectiva de la historia militar, lo que significó para las Fuerzas Armadas y, en general, para la historia de España aquella guerra del Riff, cien años después.
Los estamperos sevillanos Francisco Gordillo y Diego San Román y Codina.
Authors: Fernández Martín María Mercedes
Published: April 2024

Se analiza la trayectoria artística de los estamperos sevillanos Francisco Gordillo y Diego San Román y Codina, unidos por la profesión y por lazos familiares. Aunque grabadores muy desiguales, en función de los comitentes, monopolizaron la producción de estampas devocionales en Sevilla en la segunda mitad del siglo XVIII. No obstante, su actividad trascendió más allá y Gordillo llegó a ser grabador en hueco de la casa de la Moneda de México, mientras que San Román y Codina fue miembro fundador de la Academia de las Tres Nobles Artes de Sevilla.
El arte de las imprentas cordobesas. Los grabados de libros impresos antiguos del siglo XVI.
Authors: Prieto Hames Pablo
Published: April 2024

A partir del ensayo bibliográfico La imprenta en Córdoba (1900) de José María de Valdenebro y Cisneros, el presente estudio profundiza en las publicaciones salidas de las imprentas de la ciudad de Córdoba durante el siglo XVI con el objetivo de desempolvar y analizar las entalladuras que se incluyeron entre sus páginas. De esta forma, iniciando un recorrido desde los impresos de Juan Bautista Escudero hasta los de Andrés Barrera, descubriremos los temas iconográficos que circularon en la época.
Desempeño del mercado laboral urbano en Colombia y respuestas de política durante la pandemia por Covid-19
Authors: García Suaza Andrés , Jaramillo Jassir Iván Daniel , Londoño Diana Isabel , Ortiz Santiago , Rodríguez Lesmes Paul
Published: April 2024

En este sentido, este documento caracteriza la magnitud del choque sobre diferentes poblaciones y cómo se ha dado la recuperación durante 2020. Con estos resultados, se propone una discusión sobre los instrumentos que pueden acelerar la creación de empleo en diferentes segmentos del mercado laboral. Es decir, se analizan los patrones del mercado laboral colombiano durante 2020 haciendo especial énfasis en los cambios en la composición de la fuerza laboral y en la generación de empleo. Adicionalmente, se describen las acciones orientadas al marco regulatorio laboral que han tenido lugar en los primeros meses de la crisis y que motivaron las respuestas de política. Finalmente, se estudian todos estos elementos a la luz de la literatura y se plantean algunas conclusiones
Xenofobia en el derecho internacional penal: la anomalía de la discriminación
Authors: López Velásquez María Paula
Published: April 2024

Este capítulo pretende abordar la xenofobia como un escenario anómalo en el amplio espectro de la discriminación. Para esto, se estudiará el concepto de xenofobia desde el constructivismo y la teoría crítica, para advertir las falencias de su actual definición y cómo estas resuenan en el derecho penal internacional.
Online Advertisement Allocation Under Customer Choices and Algorithmic Fairness
Authors: Li Xiaolong , Rong Ying , Zhang Renyu , Zheng Huan
Published: April 2024

Advertising is a crucial revenue source for e-commerce platforms and a vital online marketing tool for their sellers. In this paper, we explore dynamic ad allocation with limited slots upon each customer’s arrival for an e-commerce platform, where customers follow a choice model when clicking the ads. Motivated by the recent advocacy for the algorithmic fairness of online ad delivery, we adjust the value from advertising by a general fairness metric evaluated with the click-throughs of different ads and customer types. The original online ad-allocation problem is intractable, so we propose a novel stochastic program framework (called two-stage target-debt) that first decides the click-through targets and then devises an ad-allocation policy to satisfy these targets in the second stage. We show the asymptotic equivalence between the original problem, the relaxed click-through target optimization, and the fluid-approximation ( Fluid ) convex program. We also design a debt-weighted offer-set algorithm and demonstrate that, as long as the problem size scales to infinity, this algorithm is (asymptotically) optimal under the optimal first-stage click-through target. Compared with the Fluid heuristic and its resolving variants, our approach has better scalability and can deplete the ad budgets more smoothly throughout the horizon, which is highly desirable for the online advertising business in practice. Finally, our proposed model and algorithm help substantially improve the fairness of ad allocation for an online e-commerce platform without significantly compromising efficiency.

This paper was accepted by Jeannette Song, operations management.

Funding: Y. Rong is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China [Grants 72025201, 72331006, and 72221001]. R. Zhang is grateful for the financial support from the Hong Kong Research Grants Council General Research Fund [Grants 14502722 and 14504123] and the National Natural Science Foundation of China [Grants 72293560 and 72293565]. H. Zheng is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China [Grants 72231003, 72325003, and 72221001].

Supplemental Material: The online appendix and data files are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2021.04091 .