bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Donor-stabilisierte Trisalkinylborane. Kristallstruktur von H5C5N–B(C≡CH)3 und Elektronenstruktur von B(C≡CH)3 / Donor-Stabilized Trisalkinylboranes. Crystal Structure of H5C5N–B (C≡CH)3 and Electronic Structure of B(C≡CH)3
Authors: Madema Andreas , Pritzkow Hans , Siebert Walter , Sommerfeld Thomas , Cederbaum Lorenz S.
Published: February 2015

The synthesis and properties of donor-stabilized trisethinylborane compounds 1 - 3 (donor = pyridine, tetrahydrothiophene, tetrahydrofuran) and of the tris(trimethylsilylethinyl)boranediethylether adduct 4 are reported. Attempts to obtain donor-free trisorganylethinylboranes have failed. 11B NMR data of 1 - 4 and the X-ray structure analysis of 1 and 3 reveal that the boron atoms are four-coordinated. The B-C bonds in 1 are somewhat longer and the C≡C bonds shorter than in diborylacetylenes.
Nickel(II)-Tyrosine-and -Tryptophan-Nucleobase Ternary Complexes
Authors: Apella M. C. , Terron A. , Fiol J. J. , Moreno V. , Molins E.
Published: February 2015

The interaction between Ni(II) and amino acids with an aromatic residue (such as tyrosine and tryptophan) and either 9 substituted bases or nucleosides has been studied. Ternary derivatives obtained in solid state were characterised by, among other techniques, elemental analysis, thermogravimetry, electronic and infrared spectroscopy. The following complexes have been obtained: 1: [Ni (tyr)2(9EtAde)2] × 4H2O; 2: [Ni (tyr)2(9EtGua)2] × 5H2O; 3: [Ni (tyr)(guo) × 5H2O];4: [Ni (tyr)(ino) × 5H2O];5: [Ni (trp)2(9EtGua)(H2O)] × 2H2O, where tyr is tyrosinate, trp tryptophanate, ino inosinate and guo guanosinate. Thermogrammes are in agreement with the number of water molecules and nickel content (calculated as NiO), together with the ternary nature of these complexes. The binary compounds Ni(tyr)2 × 3H2O and Ni(trp)2 × 3.5H2O were also obtained and the corresponding thermogrammes were registered for comparison purposes. Compounds 1, 2 and5 are water soluble; besides, 1 is fairly soluble in methanol. Compounds 3 and 4 seem to be polymeric. Infrared spectra clearly show the presence of bands either from the amino acid or the base suggesting nickel octahedral coordination through the carboxylic and amino acids groups and a nitrogen from the purine base. These compounds were obtained in water at pH close to 7.0. With other bases such as cytosine and uracil, or their corresponding nucleosides, the same synthesis failed to yield ternary compounds [1,2].
Crystal and Molecular Structures of N,N'-Diphenyl-N"-trichloroacetyl- phosphorictriamide and N,N,-Tetraethyl-N"-benzoylphosphorictriamide. The Effect of Various Substituents on the Structural Parameters of the [C(O)N(H)P(O)] Moiety
Authors: Amirkhanov Vladimir M. , Ovchynnikov Vladimir A. , Glowiak Tadeusz , Kozlowski Henryk
Published: February 2015

X-ray structures of two phosphazo analogues of β-diketones: N,N′-diphenyl-N″-trichloracetyl- phosphorictriamide and N,N′-tetraethyl-N″-benzoyl-phosphorictriamide have been determined. The results obtained in this study and the data reported earlier allow to discuss the impact of various substitutents on the phosphoricamido C(O)N(H)P(O) moiety.
Die Struktur von GaAsO4 ·2H2O : Ein neues Mitglied der Variscit-Familie / The Structure of GaAsO4·2H2O : A New Member of the Variscite Family
Authors: Dick Stefan
Published: February 2015

GaAsO4 · 2H2O was synthesized hydrothermally from Ga2O3 and a K+-AsO4
3- solution at pH=2. A single crystal structure determination showed that GaAsO4 · 2H2O is isotypic with variscite and therefore the first gallium arsenate with octahedrally coordinated Ga(III). Crystal data: space group Pbca, a = 1016,0(1), b = 886,2(1), c = 994. 1(1) pm, Rg = 0,0266. GaAsO4 · 2H2O dehydrates at 439 K with formation of an amorphous material and poor crystalline GaAsO4. The crystal data of all known compounds with variscite structure have been compiled.
Planare CuO4-Polygone und eine einseitig offene Te4+O3-Koordination in SrCuTe2O6 / Planar CuO4 Polygons and a One-Sided Open Te4+O3 Coordination in SrCuTe2O6
Authors: Wulff L. , Müller-Buschbaum Hk.
Published: February 2015

The new compound SrCuTe2O6 has been prepared by quenching single crystals grown from a flux of SrCO3, TeO2 and CuCO3·Cu(OH)2. X-ray investigations show cubic symmetry, space group O7-P41 32, lattice constant a = 12.473(1), Z = 12. The crystal structure is characterized by square planar CuO4 polygons and a one-sided open triangular oxygen coordination of Te4+, both incorporated in a Sr/O network. The one sided oxygen coordination of tellurium is completed by the lone pair of Te4+. Calculations of the Coulomb parts of lattice energy led to the position of the lone pair centre.
Die Kristallstrukturen der isotypen Erdalkalimetall-Nitridowolfra- mat(VI)-Nitrid-Oxide Ca51[WN4]12N8O3 und Sr51[WN4]12N8O3 / The Crystal Structures of the Isotypic Alkaline Earth-Nitridotungstate(VI)- Nitride-OxidesCa51[WN4]12N8O3 and Sr51[WN4]12N8O3
Authors: Höhn Peter , Ludwig Matthias , Kniep Rüdiger
Published: February 2015

Yellow single crystals of the isotypic phases Ca51[WN4]12N8O3 and Sr51[WN4] 12N8O3 (triclinic, P1̄ (#2 ); a= 1056.4(3) / 1113.1(5) pm, b = 1239.7(3) / 1304.4(5) pm, c= 1598.2(3) / 1679.4(9) pm, α = 102.78(1)/102.47(2)°, β= 95.15( 1)/95.43(3)°, γ = 109.89(1)/109.77(2)°; Z = 1) were grown in a Tl-flux (Ca:Tl, molar ratio 5:1, W-crucible; Tmax = 1273K; reaction with N2, 1 atm, 36 h) or from pellets (Sr2N + W, molar ratio 6:1; Tmax = 1023K; reaction with N2, 1 atm, 36 h). The crystal structures contain tetrahedral anions [WN4]6- in addition to isolated nitride and isolated oxide ions, which are octahedrally coordinated by Ca and Sr, respectively.
Isolation and Characterization of 1-Tigloyl-3-acetylazadirachtol from the Seed Kernels of the Thai Neem Azadirachta siamensis Valeton
Authors: Kalinowski H.-O. , Krack C. , Ermel K. , Chriathamjaree C.
Published: February 2015

The Thai neem A. siamensis (Valeton) is the main source for botanical insecticides in Thailand. Although azadirachtin A (aza A) is present in Thai neem, there are some other related compounds which may contribute to its bioefficiency. Analytical HPLC of Thai neem samples showed a peak closely eluted with azadirachtin. A large-scale cleanup involving two liquid/liquid extraction steps, silica filtration, and finally two successive preparative HPLC separations, resulted in the pure compound, which was identified as 1-tigloyl-3-acetylazadirachtol by 1D -and 2D -1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy.
Asymmetrische Katalysen, 116. Triaza-und Tetraaza-Makrocyclen mit chiralen "pendant arms" in der enantio- selektiven Cyclopropanierung / Asymmetrie Catalyses, 116. Triaza and Tetraaza Macrocycles with Chiral Pendant Arms in the Enantioselective Cyclopropanation
Authors: Brunner Henri , Winter Andreas , Nuber Bernhard
Published: February 2015

The chiral ligands 1 - 5 were tested in the Cu1- catalyzed enantioselective cyclopropanation of styrene with ethyl diazoacetate. The new ligand 5 was synthesized by reaction of 1,4,8,11-tetraazacyclotetradecane (cyclam ) with (S)-propylene oxide and characterized by X-ray analysis.
Different Connectivities in Supramolecular Aggregates of Trinuclear GoId(I) Complexes with the Sacconi-Ligand N(CH2
CH2PPh2)3
Authors: Zank Johann , Schier Annette , Schmidbaur Hubert
Published: February 2015

Trichloro-[tris(2-(diphenylphosphanyl)ethyl)amine]-trigold(I) (1) has been prepared by treating the tripod ligand tris(2-(diphenylphosphanyl)ethyl)amine with three equivalents of chloro(dimethylsulfide)gold(I) in dichloromethane. Treatment of solutions of 1 in dichloromethane with potassium bromide or potassium iodide resulted in the formation of the tribromo (2) and triiodo (3) derivatives. All compounds were crystallized and X-ray structure analyses have been performed. Complexes 1 and 2 are isomorphous and crystallize in the rhombohedral space group R3̄. An aggregation into layers through Au-X′ contacts of 3.734 (X = Cl) and 3.711 Å (X = Br), but no Au-Au contacts were observed. Compound 3 on the other hand crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P21/c. The molecules are linked into strings through short intermolecular Au-Au contacts of 3.1072 Å.
Synthese und Kristallstrukturbestimmung von Additionsverbindungen aus Alkyldimethylbromsilanen und N-Trimethylsilylimidazol/Syntheses and Crystal Structure Determination of Addition Compounds of Alkyldimethylbromosilanes and N-Trimethylsilylimidazole
Authors: Hensen Karl , Gebhardta Frank , Bolteb Michael
Published: February 2015

The bromosilanes RMe2SiBr (R = Me, Et, n-Pr and i-Pr) form ionic 1:1-compounds with N-trimethylsilylimidazole (NTMSI), stable at room temperature. Crystals of the compounds with R = Et, n-Pr and i-Pr are obtained by sublimation. From the product of the reaction of 1,1-dibromosilacyclopentane with NTMSI single crystals of N,N′-bis(trimethylsilyl)imidazolium-bromide (R = Me) were obtained. In the new adducts both silicon atoms are tetracoordinated.
Chiral Hexa-and Nona-Substituted 1,3,5-Triphenylbenzenes
Authors: Frackowiak Esther , Scherowsky Günter
Published: February 2015

, 1997 1,3,5-Triphenylbenzenes, Chiral and Non-Chiral Substituents Aiming to design new discotic liquid crystals, chiral and non-chiral esters and ethers of hexa-and nonasubstituted 1,3,5-triphenylbenzenes were synthesized. The new compounds are crystalline or high viscous liquids. They do not form mesophases or columnar donor-acceptor-complexes with TNF, DNF or DBox-H. The chiral esters 5c and 5d. used as dopants, induce cholesteric phases in nematic discotics.
Synthesis and Crystal Structure Determination of (R,S)-Diphenyl 1-CyclohexyI-1-(4-nitroanilino)methanephosphonate
Authors: Amer Adel , Hans Ho , Zimmer Hans
Published: February 2015

Though diphenyl 1,1-diarylsubstituted phosphonates are known for a long time, FAB-mass spectrometry and X-ray crystal analysis revealed that these species occur as dimers in the solid state and in the gas phase.
The Activity of Thymidine Phosphorylase Correlates with Tumor Size and Lymph Nodes Status in Breast Carcinoma
Authors: Kubiak Robert , Miszczak-Zaborska Elzbieta , Jesionek-Kupnicka Dorota , Greger Janusz
Published: February 2015

The platelet-derived endothelial cell growth factor (PD-ECGF) is one of the potent angiogenic factors. Recently, its homology with thymidine phosphorylase (dThdPase), an enzyme involved in pyrimidine nucleoside metabolism, has been shown. In the present study, dThdPase activity was evaluated spectrophotometrically in 43 breast carcinomas and in 19 cases of non-neoplastic breast tissues. The mean dThdPase activity in breast cancer was almost six fold higher than in normal, non-neoplastic breast tissues (1.92 and 0.29 μmol thymine (T) x mg prot. -1 x h -1 respectively). The enzyme activity significantly correlated with axillary lymph node status (p = 0.0076) and with tumor size (p = 0.0099). Besides, the intratumoral microvessel density (MD) was evaluated using the CD 31 mouse anti-human monoclonal antibody, and there was no correlation between the level of enzymatic activity and a number of microvessels. The positive significant correlation of thymidine phosphorylase activity with prognostic factors in breast cancer patients with no relation to the number of microvessels needs further examination to confirm the prognostic significance of the level of dThdPase.
Noroudemansin A, a New Antifungal Antibiotic from Pterula Species 82168 and Three Semisynthetic Derivatives
Authors: Engler-Lohr Michaela , Anke Timm , Hellwig Veronika , Steglich Wolfgang
Published: February 2015

A new antifungal (E)-β-methoxyacrylate, noroudemansin A (1), was isolated from cultures of Pterula sp. 82168. Its biological activities were investigated and compared with oudemansin A. The structure was elucidated by spectroscopic methods. Three semisynthetic noroudemansin A derivatives were synthesized from the natural product.
Bromoisoxazoline Alkaloids from the Caribbean Sponge Aplysina insularis
Authors: Fendert Thomas , Wray Victor , Soest Rob W. M. van , Proksch Peter
Published: February 2015

An investigation of a specimen of the Caribbean sponge Aplysina insularis resulted in the isolation of fourteen bromoisoxazoline alkaloids (1 - 14), of which 14-oxo-aerophobin-2 (1)* is a novel derivative. Structure elucidation of the compounds have been established from spectral studies and data for 1 are reported. Constituents 2 to 6 and 11 to 14 have not been identified sofar in Aplysina insularis species. The presence of the known compounds 7 to 9 in Aplysina insularis indicates that their use for chemotaxonomical purposes is questionable.
Isolation and Identification of Peptidic α-Glucosidase Inhibitors Derived from Sardine Muscle Hydrolyzate
Authors: Matsui Toshiro , Oki Tomoyuki , Osajima Yutaka
Published: February 2015

We report here the isolation of a-glucosidase (AGH) inhibitory peptides derived from sardine muscle hydrolyzate, which was prepared by digestion with Bacillus licheniformis alka­line protease. As a result of reversed-phase HPLC purification, two AGH inhibitory peptides were isolated from a DEAE -Sephadex A-25 column eluate. The peptides were identified as follows: Val-Trp (IC50 = 22.6 mᴍ) and Try -Tyr -Pro -Leu (IC50 = 3.7 mᴍ). AGH inhibitory studies of Try -Tyr -Pro -Leu and its derivatives demonstrated the importance of the tri-peptide chain length as well as the hydrophobic aromatic amino acid tyrosine at the N-terminus, aliphatic amino acids at the C-terminus, as well as an amide proton from the peptide chain at the middle position of the tri-peptide to develop AGH inhibition activity.
Occurrence of Avenanthramides and Hydroxycinnamoyl-CoA:hydroxyanthranilate N-hydroxycinnamoyltransferase Activity in Oat Seeds
Authors: Matsukawa Tetsuya , Isobe Taishi , Ishihara Atsushi , Iwamura Hajime
Published: February 2015

Oat phytoalexins, avenanthramides, occur as constitutive components in seeds. The amounts of each avenanthram ide were analyzed. The com position of avenanthram ides in dry seeds was different from that in elicitor-treated leaves. In seeds, avenanthram ide C was most abundant with an amount two times larger than that of avenanthramide A or B. On the other hand, avenanthramide A was the major component in elicitor-treated leaves. The total amount of avenanthram ides in seeds increased 2.5 times during imbibition for 48 h although the composition did not change. The hydroxycinnam oyl-CoA :hydroxyanthranilate N-hydroxycinnam oyltransferase (HHT, EC 2.3.1.-) activity, which is responsible for the final condensation step in the avenanthramide biosynthesis, was detected in dry seeds. The activity was localized in endosperm and scutellum , and slightly increased during 48-h imbibition. The enzyme was partially purified by anion exchange chromatography from both dry seeds and elicitor-treated leaves. The activity was separated into two peaks by chromatography, indicating that HHT consists of at least two isoforms. The substrate specificities of HHT isoforms from seeds were different from each other.
Selective Induction of Glutathione S-Transferase Subunits in Wheat Plants Exposed to the Herbicide Acifluorfen
Authors: Pascal Sophie , Gullner Gabor , Kömives Tamäs , Scalla René
Published: February 2015

Exposure to the herbicide acifluorfen resulted in marked increase of glutathione S-transferase (GST) enzyme activity in wheat seedlings, primarily in shoot tissues. From the six major, constitutively expressed GST subunits found in un treated w heat shoots subunits 2 and 3 were selectively induced by acifluorfen. No new subunit could be detected. The induced subunits belong to those GST isoenzymes, which metabolize diphenyl ether herbicides.
Tissue Cholinesterases. A Comparative Study of Their Kinetic Properties
Authors: Dave Kunjan R. , Syal Anshu R. , Katyare Surendra S.
Published: February 2015

The substrate saturation and temperature-dependent kinetic properties of soluble and membrane-bound forms of acetylcholinestarase (AChE) from brain and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) from heart and liver were examined. In simultaneous studies these parameters were also measured for AChE in erythrocyte membranes and for BChE in the serum from rat and humans. For both soluble and membrane-bound forms of the enzyme from the three tissues, two components were discernible. In the brain, Km of component I (high affinity) and component II (low affinity) was somewhat higher in membrane-bound form than that of the soluble form components, while the Vmax values were significantly higher by about five fold. In the heart, K m of component II was lower in membrane-bound form than in the soluble form, while Vmax for both the components was about four to six fold higher in the membrane-bound form. In the liver, Vmax was marginally higher for the two components of the membrane-bound enzyme; the Km only of component I was higher by a factor of 2. In the rat erythrocyte membranes three components of AChE were present showing increasing values of Km and Vmax. In contrast, in the human erythrocyte membranes only two components could be detected; the one corresponding to component II of rat erythrocyte membranes was absent. In the rat serum two components of BChE were present while the human serum was found to possess three components. Component I of the human serum was missing in the rat serum. Temperature kinetics studies revealed that the Arrhenius plots were biphasic for most of the systems except for human serum. Membrane binding of the enzyme resulted in decreased energy of activation with shift in phase transition temperature (Tt) to near physiological temperature.
Endothelium Modulates Contractile Response to Simvastatin in Rat Aorta
Authors: Pérez-Guerrero Concepción , Sotomayor María Álvarez de , Herrera Maria Dolores , Marhuenda Elisa
Published: February 2015

Simvastatin is an inhibitor of HMG -CoA reductase used in the treatment of hypercholesterolemia. In the present study simvastatin-induced contraction was observed in rat aortic thoracic rings, this effect increased when the endothelium was removed and when NO synthase was blocked by L-NOARG (3 x 10-5 ᴍ) . The contractile effect of simvastatin on intact aortic rings diminished when cyclo-oxygenase was inhibited with indomethacin (10-5 ᴍ). Also in the presence of endothelium, pretreatment with mevalonate (1 mM), the product of HMGCoA reductase activity, significantly inhibited the contraction. In other experiments carried out on endothelium-removed preparations and in medium containing the calcium antagonist, diltiazem (10-5 and 10-6 ᴍ) , the contraction dose-response curves were significantly reduced and the same happened in the presence of the inhibitor of sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca-2+- ATPase, cyclopiazonic acid (CPA) (3 x 10-6 ᴍ) .

The results suggest that simvastatin might increase intracellular calcium concentration. This effect could lead to an activation of NO synthase and cyclooxygenase pathways in endothelial cells and to contraction in vascular smooth muscle cells. This rise in Ca2+ concentration could be due to an inhibition of isoprenoid synthesis prevented by mevalonate.
The Cooccurrence of Different Biflavonoid Types in Pilotrichella flexilis§
Authors: Brinkmeier Elke , Geiger Hans , Zinsmeister Hans Dietmar
Published: February 2015

From Pilotrichella flexilis various flavonoids have been isolated. This species contains in contrast to P. cuspidata not only 3′,3‴-binaringenin and related compounds, but also some hitherto unknown biflavonoids based on eriodictyol and aureusidin. The structures of two new compounds are elucidated spectroscopically. Possible causes for the differences of the flavonoid patterns between the two species of the genus Pilotrichella are discussed.
Fatty Acid Oxidizing Activity in a Red Marine Alga, Porphyra sp.
Authors: Kajiwara Tadahiko , Matsui Kenji , Akakabe Yoshihiko , Okajima Kaori , Chirapart Anong
Published: February 2015

A crude enzyme solution prepared from fronds of Porphyra sp. showed rem arkable oxygen uptake activity when linoleic acid was added as a substrate. Fatty acid oxidizing activity was mainly present in the soluble fraction of the crude homogenate. The activity was purified 769- fold from mature fronds by ammonium sulfate fractionation, ion-exchange and hydrophobic chromatography. SDS-PAGE analysis of the purified proteins indicated that its subunit size was about 13 kDa. Gel filtration chromatography equipped with a photodiode array detector revealed that the activity was associated with a protein having a molecular weight of 12,500- 13,000. It eluted with a chromophore having the maximum absorbance at 417 nm, thus, the a protein was suggested to be a heme protein. The spectrophotometric property of the protein was highly similar to that of cytochrome c suggesting that it has heme c as a prosthetic group. The protein showed highest oxygenation activity against linoleic acid, and α-linolenic acid and arachidonic acid followed, but oleic acid could not be oxidized. From linoleic acid the protein form ed 9- and 13-hydroperoxides to the same extent, and both were shown to be racemic. These results showed that the oxidizing activity is accountable to a cytochrome, but not to a typical lipoxygenase.
A Direct, Highly Sensitive Fluorometric Assay for a Microsomal Cytochrome P450-Mediated O-Demethylation Using a Novel Coumarin Analog as Substrate
Authors: Roser René , Thomas Helmut
Published: February 2015

A highly sensitive fluorometric assay for the determination of monooxygenase activity in liver microsomes is described. The assay is based on the use of 3-chloro-7-methoxy-4-methylcoumarin which is demethylated to 3-chloro-7-hydroxy-4-methylcoumarin. The rate of formation of 3-chloro-7-hydroxy-4-methylcoumarin was recorded as an increase of fluorescence (λA = 380 nm, λF = 480 nm ) with time. When 3-chloro-7-methoxy-4-methylcoumarin was incubated in the presence of MgCl
2
and NADPH with rat liver microsomes, a continuous increase of the fluorescence could be measured. The reaction proceeded linearly for about 10 min and at least up to a concentration of 0.1 mg/ml of microsomal protein. Besides 3-chloro-7-hydroxy-4-methylcoumarin a hydroxylated derivative of the substrate was formed as a second metabolite during the incubation. Using an excitation wavelength of 480 nm and a fluorescence/em ission w avelength of 480 nm, the fluorescence of this substance (λA = 338 nm, λF = 422 nm ) amounted only to about 1% of the fluorescence of the main product. The use of 3-chloro-7-methoxy-4-methylcoumarin as substrate enables the fluorometric determination of the O-dealkylation activity of a cytochrom e P450-dependent monooxygenase system in rat liver which is inducible by phenobarbital but not by 3-methylcholanthrene.
Wound-Induced Respiration and Pyrophosphate:fructose-6-phosphate Phosphotransferase in Potato Tubers
Authors: Teramoto Maki , Koshiishi Chie , Ashihara Hiroshi
Published: February 2015

A seven fold increase in the rate of respiratory O2 uptake was observed 24 h after slicing of potato tuber disks. The maximum activity of pyrophosphate:fructose-6-phosphate phosphotransferase (PFP) was 5 -7 times greater than that of ATP-dependent phosphofructokinase (PFK) in fresh or aged potato slices. Thus, PFP may participate in glycolysis which supplies respiratory substrate in potato tubers. The PFP activity of desalted extracts determined in the absence of fructose-2,6-bisphosphate (F2,6BP) increased by 4.5 fold 24h after slicing. However, maximal PFP activity determined with saturating (1 μm) F2.6BP was not changed. The Ka values of PFP for F2,6BP was lowered from 33 to 7 nᴍ after 24 h of aging treatment. This increased susceptibility of the PFP activity to its allosteric activator, F2,6BP, may be involved in the increased respiration in wounded disks of potato tubers. Imunoblotting experiments indicated that both the α (66 kDa) and the β (60kDa) subunits of PFP were present in fresh or 24h aged tuber slices.
Transformations of 12,13-Epoxy-ll-hydroxy-9-octadecenoic Acid and 4,5-Epoxy-N-acetylsphingosine by Incubation with Liver Homogenate and Liver Microsomes
Authors: Möllenberg Alexander , Spiteller Gerhard
Published: February 2015

Transformation of 12,13-epoxy-11-hydroxy-9-octadecenoic acid and 4,5-epoxy-N-acetylsphingosine by addition of porcine liver homogenate and human liver microsomes, respectively was investigated. Both epoxides were converted to corresponding dioles by porcine liver homogenate, but not by human liver microsomes, suggesting location of the hydrolyzing enzymes not in the microsomes, but within the cell wall.
Differentiation in Murine Mastocytoma Induced by Macrophage Gangliosides
Authors: Schaade Lars , Thomssen Reiner , Ritter Klaus
Published: February 2015

In the membrane of mouse macrophages two gangliosides were detected which inhibit the division of murine mastocytoma P815 tumor cells. The two gangliosides were incorporated into the cytoplasmatic membrane of mastocytoma cells. The concentration necessary to achieve a complete inhibition of P815 tum or cell division is about 1 [_im for both effective gangliosides. Macrophage ganglioside-induced inhibition of cell division is accompanied by morphological changes of the mastocytoma cells. While the cells are rounding, their diameter increases and serotonin and granules appear in the cytoplasm of the enlarged cells. Our findings suggest that macrophage gangliosides may differentiate mastocytoma cells into mast cells.
Phenolic Constituents from the Lichen Parmotrema stuppeum (Nyl.) Hale and Their Antioxidant Activity
Authors: Jayaprakasha Guddadarangavvanahally K. , Rao Lingamallu Jaganmohan
Published: February 2015

Lichen, Parmotrema stuppeum (P. stuppeum ) was successively extracted with benzene and acetone. Both the extracts were fractionated on 1 % oxalic acid impregnated silica gel column to obtain four phenolic com pounds. The structures of com pounds were identified by 1H and 13C NMR spectra as methyl orsenillate, orsenillic acid, atranorin and lecanoric acid respectively. Antioxidant activity of benzene extract, acetone extract and isolated com pounds w ere evaluated in a β-carotene-linoleate model system. The pure com pounds showed moderate antioxidant activity. This is the first report on the isolation and characterisation of com pounds from the lichen P. stuppeum as well as on their antioxidant activity.
Antibacterial Activity of Citrus reticulata Peel Extracts
Authors: Jayaprakasha Gudddadarangavvanahally K. , Negi Pradeep S. , Sikder Sagarika , Mohanrao Lingamallu Jagan , Sakariah Kurian K.
Published: February 2015

Citrus peels were successively extracted with hexane, chloroform and acetone using a soxhlet extractor. The hexane and chloroform extracts were fractionated into alcohol-soluble and alcohol-insoluble fractions. These fractions were tested against different gram positive and gram negative bacteria. The EtOH-soluble fraction was found to be most effective. Fractionation of EtOH -soluble fraction on silica gel column yielded three polymethoxylated flavones, namely desmethylnobiletin, nobiletin and tangeretin. Their structures were confirm ed by UV, 1H, 13C NMR and mass spectral studies. The findings indicated a potential of these natural compounds as bio preservatives in food applications.
The Nature of Oxygen in Sporopollenin from the Pollen of Typha angustifolia L.
Authors: Ahlers Friedhelm , Bubert Henning , Steuernage Stefan , Wiermann Rolf
Published: February 2015

Native and peracetylated sporopollenin from the pollen of Typha angustifolia L. was investigated using several spectroscopic methods, inducing Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), solid-state 13C-nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy ( 13C-NMR) and Xray photoelectron spectrometry (XPS). Interpretation of the experimental data shows that the greater part of oxygen found in sporopollenin originates from hydroxyl groups and must be derived from aliphatics and not from aromatics. This result indicates that not only aromatics and long unbranched aliphatics but also poly-hydroxyl aliphatic components are involved in the complex structure of the polymer. Furthermore, it is most probable that the monomers of the sporopollenin skeleton are linked by ether- and not by ester-linkage. Two possible approaches are suggested for the characterisation of sporopollenin structure.
Can the Peptide Chain of a Pyoverdin be Bound by an Ester Bond to the Chromophore? - The Old Problem of Pseudobactin 7SR1
Authors: Voßen Werner , Fuchs Regine , Taraz Kambiz , Budzikiewicz Herbert
Published: February 2015

The structure which had been proposed for the pyoverdin named pseudobactin 7SR1 (Yang and Leong, 1984) differed from those of all other pyoverdins investigated sofar: its peptide chain was supposedly linked to the chromophore not by an amide bond originating from its N-terminal amino acid, but rather by an ester bond involving one of the three Ser. It will be shown that the peptide chain of pseudobactin 7SR1 is actually bound to the chromophore amidically by its N-terminal Ser and that it comprises a cyc/odepsipeptidic substructure with an ester bond between the C-terminal Thr and the OH-group of the second Ser in the chain.
Seeds of Trichosanthes kirilowii, an Energy-Rich Diet
Authors: Huang Yi , He Ping , Bader Klaus P. , Radunz Alfons , Schmid Georg H.
Published: February 2015

The kernels of Trichosanthes kirilowii seeds contain a green oil which makes up for 62% of their dry matter. This oil consists up to 95% of triglycerides, 2% of glycolipids, 1.3% of phospholipids and 1.8% of chlorophylls. As fatty acid components the triglycerides, glycolipids and phospholipids contain the unsaturated fatty acids linoleic and oleic acid and the saturated palmitic acid. In the triglycerides 19% of the C18:3 acid occur with the configuration Δ9 cis, Δ11 trans. Δ13 cis. This acid is called trichosanic acid and is absent in glycolipids and phospholipids which contain instead another C 18:3 fatty acid, which has conjugated double bounds and occurs with an amount of 21% and 3%, respectively. Typically, these oil seeds contain in addition up to 30% of their dry matter proteins and up to 2.5% mono- and oligosaccharides. The monosaccharides consist of rhamnose, galactose and glucose and the oligosaccharides represent a mixture of tri- and tetrasaccharides.
Protective Effect of L-Cysteine and Glutathione on Rat Brain Na+,K+-ATPase Inhibition Induced by Free Radicals
Authors: Tsakiris Stylianos , Angelogianni Panagoula , Schulpis Kleopatra H. , Behrakis Panagiotis
Published: February 2015

The aim of this study was to investigate whether the preincubation of brain homogenates with L-phenylalanine (Phe), L-cysteine (Cys) or reduced glutathione (G SH) could reverse the free radical effects on Na+,K+-ATPase activity. Two well established systems were used for the production of free radicals: 1) FeSO4 (84 μᴍ ) plus ascorbic acid (400 μᴍ ) and 2) FeSO4, ascorbic acid and H2O2 (1 mᴍ) for 10 min at 37 °C in homogenates of adult rat whole brain. Changes in brain Na+,K+-ATPase activity and total antioxidant status (TAS) were studied in the presence of each system separately, with or without Phe, Cys or GSH. TAS value reflects the amount of free radicals and the capacity of the antioxidant enzymes to limit the free radicals in the homogenate. Na+,K+-ATPase was inhibited by 35-50% and TAS value was decreased by 50-60% by both systems of free radical production. The enzymatic inhibition was completely reversed and TAS value increased by 150-180% when brain homogenates were preincubated with 0.83 mᴍ Cys or GSH. However, this Na+,K+-ATPase inhibition was not affected by 1.80 mᴍ Phe, which produced a 45-50% increase in TAS value. It is suggested that the antioxidant action of Cys and GSH may be due to the binding of free radicals to sulfhydryl groups of the molecule, so that free radicals cannot induce Na+,K+-ATPase inhibition. Moreover, Cys and GSH could regulate towards normal values the neural excitability and metabolic energy production, which may be disturbed by free radical action on Na+,K+-ATPase.
Two New Eudesmane Alcohols from Jasonia glutinosa
Authors: Sánchez-Martínez Raquel , Villaescusa-Castillo Lucinda , Bernabé Manuel , Díaz-Lanza Ana María
Published: February 2015

Two new sesquiterpene alcohols have been isolated from the aerial parts of Jasonia glutinosa D. C. The structure of these sesquiterpenes were characterized by 1D and 2D NMR techniques (DQCOSY, TOCSY, NOESY, HMQC and HMBC) as (11R)-eudesm -4-en-11,12- diol and (11R)-eudesmane-5α,11,12-triol.
Biotransformation of Two Cytotoxic Terpenes, α-Santonin and Sclareol by Botrytis cinerea
Authors: Farooq Afgan , Tahara Satoshi
Published: February 2015

Two cytotoxic terpenes, α-santonin (1) and sclareol (3) were biotransformed by a plant pathogenic fungus Botrytis cinerea to produce oxidized metabolites in high yields. α-Santonin (1 ) on fermentation with the fungus for ten days afforded a hydroxylated metabolite identified as 11β-hydroxy-α-santonin (2) in a high yield (83%), while sclareol (3) was metabolized to epoxysclareol (4) (64%) and a new compound 8-deoxy-14,15-dihydro-15-chloro-14-hydroxy- 8,9-dehydrosclareol (5) (7%), representing a rare example of microbial halogenation.
Chemical Composition of the Lipophylic Extract from the Tunicate Botryllus schlosseri
Authors: Slantchev Krasimir , Stefanov Kamen , Seizova Katya , Popov Simeon , Andreev Stoitse
Published: February 2015

Eighteen sterols were identified in Botryllus schlosseri, stanols being the main sterols. The sterol composition is in agreement with our recent paper on taxonomic separation of tunicates into three groups. Again we found in invertebrates of the Black Sea sterols with a (22Z)-double bond. This confirms the presence of such sterols in nature. The composition of the phospholipids appeared to be complex, and twelve groups of them were identified in Botryllus schlossen. The main representatives of phospholipids appeared to be phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine. Only four volatile compounds were identified, which is unusual for marine invertebrates.
Exogenous Melatonin Elevates the Plasma Leptin and Thyroxine Concentrations of the Mink (Mustela vison)
Authors: Mustonen Anne-Mari , Nieminen Petteri , Hyvärinen Heikki , Asikainen Juha
Published: February 2015

Eight male and eight female minks were given exogenous melatonin as subcutaneous implants. The plasma leptin and thyroxine concentrations were measured. The leptin concentrations showed clear seasonal variations and differences between the experimental groups. In September most of the control females had undetectable plasma leptin concentrations, but the melatonin-treated females had detectable concentrations significantly higher than the leptin levels of the controls. Most of the males had undetectable leptin concentrations, too. In October the plasma leptin levels had increased significantly in all the groups except the control males. The melatonin-treated minks had significantly higher leptin levels than the controls. There was a significant rise in the thyroxine levels from September to October and the melatonin-treated groups had significantly higher thyroxine levels than the controls. The effects of exogenous melatonin are very pronounced in the mink. Melatonin elevates the plasma leptin and thyroxine levels possibly by direct and indirect mechanisms.
Effect of Minor Components of Virgin Olive Oil on Topical Antiinflammatory Assays
Authors: Puerta Rocío de la , Martínez-Domínguez Eugenia , Ruíz-Gutiérrez Valentina
Published: February 2015

Interest in the health-promoting effects of virgin olive oil, an important part of the “Mediterranean diet”, prompted us to determine the antiinflammatory effects of erythrodiol, β-sitosterol and squalene, identified as major components of the so-called “unsaponifiable fraction” of virgin olive oil, as well as of the phenolic compounds from the “polar fraction”: oleuropein, tyrosol, hydroxytyrosol and caffeic acid. Their activities were compared to those of both, total unsaponifiable and polar fractions. This study was designed to analyse the antiinflammatory effect of these specific compounds from virgin olive oil on edema in mice induced by either arachidonic acid (AA ) or 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol acetate (TPA). The inhibition of the myeloperoxidase (MPO), marker enzyme of the accumulation of neutrophils in the inflamed tissue, was also investigated by the TPA model. The topical application of the olive oil compounds (0.5 mg/ear) produced a variable degree of antiinflammatory effect with both assays. In the auricular edema induced by TPA, β-sitosterol and erythrodiol from the unsaponifiable fraction of the oil showed a potent antiedematous effect with a 61.4% and 82.1% of inhibition respectively, values not very different to that of the reference indomethacin (85.6%) at 0.5 mg/ear. The four phenolics exerted a similar range of inhibition (33- 45%). All compounds strongly inhibited the enzyme myeloperoxidase, indicating a reduction of the neutrophil influx in the inflamed tissues. The strongest inhibitor of AA edema was the total unsaponifiable fraction which inhibition was 34%, similar to that obtained by the reference drug dexamethasone at 0.05 mg/ear. Among the phenolics, oleuropein also produced an inhibition of about 30% with the same dose, but all the other components were found less active in this assay. The anti-inflammatory effects exerted by both unsaponifiable and polar compounds might contribute to the potential biological properties reported for virgin olive oil against different pathological processess.
Antioxidant Properties of Rimantadine in Influenza Virus Infected Mice and in Some Model Systems
Authors: Mileva Milka , Hadjimitova Vera , Tantcheva Lubka , Traykov Trayko , Galabov Angel S. , Savov Varban , Ribarov Stefan
Published: February 2015

Influenza virus infection is associated with development of oxidative stress in lung and blood plasma, viz. increase of primary and secondary lipid peroxidation products. It was established that rimantadine treatment led to a decrease of the products of lipid peroxidation in tissues of mice experimentally infected with influenza virus A/Aichi/2/68 (H3N2). The effect is strongest in blood plasma (a decrease of about 50%) and weaker in the lung (about 20%). To elucidate the mechanism of this action of rimantadine, experiments were carried out with some model systems. The capability of rimantadine to scavenge superoxide radicals (scavenging properties) was studied in a system of xanthine-xanthine oxidase to generate superoxide. The amount of superoxide was measured spectrophotometrically by the NBT-test and chemiluminesce. Rimantadine does not show scavenging properties and its antioxidant effect observed in vivo, is not a result of its direct action on the processes of lipid peroxidation and/or interaction with antioxidant enzymes. The antioxidant properties of rimantadine were investigated by measurement of induced lipid peroxidation in a Fe2+ and (Fe2+ - EDTA) system with an egg liposomal suspension. Our findings with model systems do not prove an antioxidant or prooxidant effect of the drug on the processes of lipid peroxidation. Apparently, the observed antioxidant effect of rimantadine in vivo is not connected directly with free radical processes in the organism.
Iron(II)-mimosine Catalyzed Cleavage of DNA
Authors: Mikhailov Ivailo , Ninova Petia , Russev George , Anachkova Boyka
Published: February 2015

Supercoiled plasmid DNA was treated in vitro with H2O2, DTT and either Fe (II), Fe (II)-EDTA or Fe (II)- mimosine. The rate of DNA break formation was followed by the conversion of the supercoiled form into relaxed-circular and linear forms. In the concentration interval of 0-4 μм Fe (II), Fe (II)-EDTA slowed-down the formation of DNA breaks, while Fe (Il)-mimosine enhanced the rate of break formation up to several times. A conclusion is drawn that this enhancement is due to the increased affinity of the Fe (Il)-mimosine complex to DNA.
Barbeyol: A NewPhenolic Indane Type Component from Barbeya oleoides
Authors: Ahmed Bahar , Al-Rehaily Adnan J. , Mossa Jaber S.
Published: February 2015

The aerial parts of Barbeya oleoides Schweinf (Family: Barbeyaceae) has afforded a new phenolic indane type component, which has been characterized as (6R, 4aR, 5aR)-5, 4a, 5atrihydroindeno- (1, 2-a) indane-2, 4, 9-triol-6-O-β-acetate (1) on the basis of spectral analysis and has been designated as barbeyol.
Iridoid Patterns of Genus Plantago L. and Their Systematic Significance
Authors: Taskova Rilka , Evstatieva Ljubka , Handjieva Nedjalka , Popov Simeon
Published: February 2015

The distribution of 14 iridoid glucosides in 14 Plantago L. species (44 samples corresponding to 18 taxa) was shown. P. tenuiflora and P. gentianoides were studied for iridoids for the first time. The iridoid patterns showed a good correlation with morphological and other chemical features of the representatives of genus Plantago. The studied species are grouped together according to the iridoid patterns: species containing mainly aucubin (P. major, P. cornuti, P. gentianoides); species containing aucubin and aucubin derivatives (P. subulata, P. media); species containing aucubin and catalpol (P. lanceolata, P. altissima, P. argentea, P. lagopus, P. atrata); species containing aucubin and plantarenaloside (P. afra, P. scabra).
Improvement in Xylitol Production from Sugarcane Bagasse Hydrolysate Achieved by the Use of a Repeated-Batch Immobilized Cell System
Authors: Carvalho Walter , Silva Silvio S. , Vitolo Michele , Felipe Maria G. A. , Mancilha Ismael M.
Published: February 2015

Candida guilliermondii cells were immobilized in Ca-alginate beads and used for xylitol production from concentrated sugarcane bagasse hydrolysate during five successive fermentation batches, each lasting 48 hours. The bioconversion efficiency of 53.2%, the productivity of 0.50 g/l × h and the final xylitol concentration of 23.8 g/l obtained in the first batch increased to 61.5%, 0.59 g/l × h and 28.4 g/l, respectively, in the other four batches (mean values), with variation coefficients of up to 2.3%.
Phytoecdysteroid Levels and Distribution during Development in Limnanthes alba Hartw. ex Benth. (Limnanthaceae)
Authors: Preston-Mafham Juliet , Dinan Laurence
Published: February 2015

Phytoecdysteroid (PE) production and accumulation in Limnanthes alba Hartw. ex Benth. is associated with flowering. PE content per plant remains fairly constant during the primary growth phase of the plant and only begins to increase significantly above amounts found in the seed once the development of the flower stalk has begun. Both content and concentration increase concomitantly from this point. Distributions in individual plants also associated the highest levels of PE accumulation with the reproductive tissues. This substantiates the association of PE with tissues of greatest fitness value and therefore the hypothesis that they contribute to defence. Analysis of extracts of L. alba tissues by reversed-phase HPLC coupled with ecdysteroid-specific RIA was used to monitor ecdysteroid profiles. RIA-positive peaks co-chromatographing with 20-hydroxyecdysone, ecdysone and ponasterone A were detected and several tissues also contain PE conjugates. Seedmeal of L. alba appears to be a convenient and promising source for the commercial isolation of the potent PE ponasterone A.
Phylogenetic Relationship of Bombyx mori Protein Disulfide Isomerase
Authors: Goo Tae Won , Yun Eun Young , Hwang Jae-Sam , Kang Seok-Woo , You Kwan-Hee , Kwon O-Yu
Published: February 2015

A cDNA that encodes protein disulfide isomerase was isolated from Bombyx mori (bPDI), in which an open reading frame of 494 amino acids contained two PDI-typical thioredoxin active sites of WCGHCK and an ER retention signal of the KDEL motif at its C-terminal. The bPDI protein shared less than 55% of the amino acid sequence homology with other reported PDIs. bPDI is most genetically similar to the D. melanogaster PDI. The most serious evolutional diversity was observed between the metazoa and nematoda through PDI evolutional processing. Although bPDI shows a relatively low amino acid homology with other PDIs, in which both sites of the two thioredoxin active sites and the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) retention signal are completely conserved, it was successfully recognized by anti-rat PDI antibodies. This suggests that bPDI may have the activity of a protein isomerase and a chaperone.
Sesquiterpenes and Flavonoid Aglycones from a Hungarian Taxon of the Achillea millefolium Group
Authors: Glasl Sabine , Mucaji Pavel , Werner Ingrid , Presser Armin , Jurenitsch Johann
Published: February 2015

The investigation of a dichloromethane extract of flower heads of a Hungarian taxon of the Achillea millefolium group led to the isolation of three flavonoid aglycones, one triterpene, one germacranolide and five guaianolides. Their structures were elucidated by UV-VIS, EI- and CI-MS, 1H NMR and 13C NMR spectroscopic methods as well as by 2D-NMR studies and by selective 1D-NOE experiments. Besides apigenin, luteolin and centaureidin, β-sitosterol, 3β-hydroxy-11α,13-dihydro-costunolide, desacetylmatricarin, leucodin, achillin, 8α-angeloxy-leucodin and 8α-angeloxy-achillin were isolated. Both latter substances are reported here for the first time. Their NMR data were compared with those of the other guaianolides. The stereochemistry of 3β-hydroxy-11α,13-dihydro-costunolide was discussed and compared with data of the literature.
Flavonoids and Arbutin from Turnera diffusa
Authors: Piacente Sonia , Camargo Ely E. S. , Zampelli Aurelia , Gracioso Juliano S. , Brito Alba R. Souza , Pizza Cosimo , Vilegas Wagner
Published: February 2015

The infusion of the aerial parts of Turnera diffusa was phytochemically examined. Chromatographic procedures led to the isolation of a new flavone glycoside, five known flavonoids and p-arbutin. Structures were determined by 1D- and 2D NMR experiments, as well as ES-MS and UV spectra.
The Chemical Composition of Microbiota decussata
Authors: Krauze-Baranowska Mirosława , Mardarowicz Marek , Wiwart Marian
Published: February 2015

From the leaves of Microbiota decussata (Cupressaceae) biflavones: cupressuflavone, amentoflavone and 7-O-methylamentoflavone were isolated and identified. The amount of cupressuflavone in Microbiota decussata and xCupressocyparis leylandii (Leyland cypress) (Cupressaceae) was determined by HPLC (1.82% and 0.83%, respectively). The chemical composition of essential oils from bark and leaves of Microbiota decussata was established by GC-MS (GC-FID) analysis. As a major component thujopsene (39.2% and 45.9%, respectively) was identified. Wiridiflorol (3.0%) and τ-muurolol (0.3%) were present only in leaves but globulol (1.5%) exclusively in bark. The content of essential oils in M. decussata was high - 5.4% in bark and 12.6% in leaves. The essential oils from M. decussata and xC. leylandii were bioassayed towards different fungi of the genus Fusarium. Leyland cypress essential oil at 2% concentration fully inhibited the growth of all fungi.
Antibacterial Diterpenoids from Astragalus brachystachys
Authors: Jassbi Amir Reza , Zamanizadehnajari Simin , Azar Parviz Aberoomand , Tahar Satoshi
Published: February 2015

Antibacterial bioassay guided fractionation of acetone extracts of Astragalus brachystachys resulted in isolation of sclareol and two related labdane-type diterpenoids, 14R-epoxysclareol and 6β-hydroxysclareol. The antibacterial activity of the isolated compounds was measured and it was deduced that the epoxidation at the double bond of sclareol or hydroxylation at C-6 decreased the activity of the resulting compounds. Salvigenin (5-hydroxy-4′,6,7-trimethoxyflavone) was also separated from this plant for the first time.