bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Recovery from arrhythmias in lambs infected withStrongyloides papillosusfollowing worm elimination
Authors: Nakamura Y. , Ooba C. , Hirose H.
Published: June 2009

Calves and lambs heavily infected withStrongijloides papillosusdevelop cardiac arrest by ventricular fibrillation which is preceded by continuous sinus tachycardia and prolongation of the PQ interval during the patent infection. In the present study, cardiac rhythms following anthelmintic treatment were investigated in lambs infected withS. papillosusto ascertain whether cardiac disorders due to the infection are based on a reversible and curable change. Eight lambs were given a lethal dose ofS. papillosus. Five of the animals were injected with ivermectin when they developed continuous sinus tachycardia and prolongation of the PQ interval. The other three animals served as untreated controls. In the treated animals, elevated heart rates and PQ intervals began to decrease between 10 and 21 h, then continuous sinus tachycardia and prolongation of PQ interval disappeared within 39 h of treatment. No arrhythmias were detected after the disappearance of sinus tachycardia. Faecal egg counts became negative within 61 h of treatment. Only a few worms were collected from the small intestine at necropsy. The control animals developed ventricular fibrillation by 349 h after infection, having high faecal egg counts and intestinal worm burdens. These results indicate that cardiac disorders generated byS. papillosusinfection are reversible and curable following worm elimination.
Epidemiology of trichinellosis in lynx in Finland
Authors: Oksanen A. , Lindgren E. , Tunkkari P.
Published: June 2009

Three hundred and twenty seven European lynx (Lynx lynx) were examined forTrichinellasp. larvae using the muscle digestion method. The animals were of both sexes, various ages, and collected between 1989 and 1994 in different locations in Finland. Forty percent of them (132) were found to be infected. Infection was overdispersed, so that the majority of infected lynx only harboured small amounts of larvae, while a minority had higher densities of infection, but never significantly exceeding 40 larvae per gram of muscle (lpg). The median density of infection was 1.04 lpg. To find factors statistically associated with the risk of infection, multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed. Male sex, increasing age, and the density of raccoon dog population in the area were all significantly associated with infection. However, the association with age was not linear and prevalence did not increase after middle age. The mean density of infection decreased slightly with age. The association with the density of the raccoon dog population leads to a tentative hypothesis that the raccoon dog might be an important reservoir of sylvatic trichinellosis in Finland.
Predictability of morphological gradients in the tapeworm, Hymenolepis diminuta
Authors: Pappas P.W.
Published: June 2009

The strobila of an adult tapeworm represents a continual gradient of developmental stages from immature to gravid proglottids. The purpose of this study was to determine if organogenesis (as measured by the develop mental gradient) in tapeworms within a single host and among different hosts occurred at the same rates. Rats were infected with Hymenolepis diminuta and the tapeworms were recovered 20 days post-infection. The total number of proglottids in each worm was determined, and five “benchmarks” of organogenesis were quantified. The data demonstrated that organogenesis in worms from a single host occurred at a relatively constant rate, but that rates in tapeworms from different hosts were different.
Histochemical glycogen and neutral lipid in Echinostoma trivolvis cercariae and effects of exogenous glucose on cercarial longevity
Authors: Fried B. , Eyster L.S. , Pechenik J.A.
Published: June 2009

Histochemical glycogen and neutral lipid studies were conducted on Echinostorna trivolvis cercariae maintained in artificial spring water (ASW) at 24–25°C for up to 24 h after emergence from host snails. Treatment of whole cercariae by the periodic acid Schiff (PAS) reagent with or without 1% malt diastase showed that cercariae depleted glycogen mainly from the tail by 6 to 24 h postemergence. The posterior tip of the tail remained PAS positive and diastase fast suggesting the presence of mucopolysaccharides there. Fresh cercariae or those stained up to 24 h postemergence with Oil Red 0 showed the presence of neutral lipid droplets in the excretory system. There was no discernible difference in the size, abundance, or distribution of these droplets in fresh or aged cercariae. Cercariae maintained in ASW plus 1% glucose for 12 or 23 h showed no evidence of resynthesizing glycogen. Nevertheless, cercariae survived longer in 1% glucose than in either 0.0, 0.1 or 0.5% glucose; but only at 23 h were any differences statistically greater (one way ANOVA, P <0.05).
Helminths from Cyprus
Authors: Solomon S. Gladstone
Published: June 2009

This collection of parasites was made in Cyprus between February 1928 and August 1929. Some were collected by Professor R. T. Leiper personally while on a visit, the remainder were sent to the Helminthology Department of the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine by Dr. R. J. Roe of the Civil Veterinary Department in Cyprus. The two collections are here dealt with together. The hosts from which the parasites were taken are as follows:—horse, mule, pig, dog, cat, sheep, goat, hedgehog and fowl. Altogether the collection comprises 16 genera and 21 species of Nematoda: 5 genera and 7 species of Cestoda: and some acanthocephala, linguatulids, ticks and sarcocysts. The latter three are not dealt with here. The following is a systematic survey of the specimens.
On a New Species of Oxyurid from the Grey Squirrel in Scotland
Authors: Cameron Thomas W. M.
Published: June 2009

The grey squirrel (Sciurus carolinensis), although of comparatively recent introduction from North America, has become thoroughly acclimatised and may now be regarded as one of the native British Mammals. Comparatively little is known of its helminth parasites and the following oxyurid, found in the large intestine of a specimen shot in the north of Scotland, appears to be undescribed.
Epidemiology ofToxocaraspp. in stray dogs and cats in Dublin, Ireland
Authors: O'Lorcain P.
Published: June 2009

A survey was undertaken to study the epidemiology ofToxocaraspp. in 350 dogs and 181 cats. A prevalence of 82.6% was recorded forToxocara canisand 42% forT. cati. The distribution of parasite burdens in both dogs and cats was overdispersed. The highest parasite prevalence rates and burdens were found in hosts of 12 to 24 weeks of age. NoToxocaraparasites were found in cats between 0 to 4 weeks old. There was no significant difference in parasite prevalence between male and female dogs or between male and female cats. The relationships between host age and sex with parasite prevalence, burden and length are discussed. FemaleT. canisworms with mature ova and those with immature ova differed significantly with regard to their length. The relationship between the length of matureT. canisfemale worms and the proportion of body length occupied by the uterus was highly significant.
Some Helminth Parasites from Domesticated Animals in Southern Rhodesia
Authors: Buckley J. J. C.
Published: June 2009

The material listed here was obtained by Dr. W. K. Blackie and Mr. W. A. McDonald during a helminthological expedition from the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine to Southern Rhodesia in 1930–31. The writer is indebted to Professor R. T. Leiper for the privilege of examining and reporting on this collection of parasites. The domestic animals in question are sheep, goat, pig and cattle and although they appear to have produced no forms new to science, it is believed that the publication of this collection, inasmuch as it appears to be the only one of its kind from Southern Rhodesia, is a contribution to our knowledge of an important parasitic group.
On a New Species of Trichostrongyle worm from the Bennett's Wallaby
Authors: Cameron Thomas W. M.
Published: June 2009

Recently (1924) Chandler has described from the duodenum of a Bennett's Wallaby (Macropus bennetti), a new genus of Trichostrongylidæ. Shortly after the publication of this paper, the writer was privileged to study what appears to be a second new species from the same host. The parasites are very small forms and occur mainly in the stomach, but are also found occasionally in the first part of the small intestine. A few specimens of Chandler's species were also present.
A New Definitive Host for Schistosoma mansoni
Authors: Cameron T. W. M.
Published: June 2009

Until now Schistosoma mansoni has been regarded as an essentially human parasite. In 1859, Cobbold recorded from Cercocebus fuliginosus a species of Schistosome which he called Bilharzia magna. The only specimen which has been preserved was found to be a fragment of a male by Leiper (1915), who states, “I have been quite unable to identify it with either of the species now recognised in man.” Various authorities have, however, referred this species to S. hœmatobium. S. mansoni has been grown experimentally by Leiper in rats, mice, guinea pigs and African and Indian monkeys, and by Lutz in rabbits. It has never been found naturally in any animal other than man.
Two new Nematodes, collected in the Zoological Gardens of London
Authors: Ortlepp R. J.
Published: June 2009

Host: Cebus fatuellus. Habitat: Stomach. Locality : South America. Two males and two females were collected from the stomach of a Brown Capucin. The two males are respectively 37 and 41 mm. long by 1.5 and 1.65 mm. thick; the two females are respectively 54 and 60 mm.long by 2.9 and 2.75 mm. thick in their posterior third.
The Anatomy ofŒsophagostomum dentatum(Rud.) a Nematode Parasite of the Pig, with observations on the Structure and Biology of the free-living Larvæ
Authors: Goodey T.
Published: June 2009

Two young pigs used by the writer in an attempted experimental infection withNecator americanusproved to be carrying a natural infection ofŒsophagostomum dentatum. At the post-mortem examination, one of the animals had 35 females, 22 males, all mature worms, in the cæcum and large intestine, whilst two pairs were in copula. From the cæcal contents of the other pig, one immature female worm was obtained. No nodules were found in the walls of the cæcum or of the large intestine. Droppings containing the eggs of the parasite had been collected for a short time prior to the killing of the pigs, and were used for the cultivation of the larvæ.
On the Nematode genus Globocephalus Molin, 1861
Authors: Cameron T. W. M.
Published: June 2009

The material on which this paper is based was received by Prof. R. T. Leiper from several sources, and includes specimens collected in British Guiana by the Filariasis Commission, in West Africa by Dr. Yale Massey, and in New Guinea by Dr. G. M. Heydon. In addition there was a tube received from Dr. O'Connor from Samoa labelled on the outside of the bottle “Pig, Samoa, Ank. Duod. from intestine,” and inside (presumably by Dr. Clayton Lane) “Crassisoma samoense.” It contained specimens of the latter species only. The type material of Lane's two new species from the pig was also available for examination.
On the Experimental Transmission of Syngamus trachea from Starlings to Chickens
Authors: Clapham Phyllis A.
Published: June 2009

In a previous paper (1934) it was shown that the life-cycle of S. trachea proceeds best when an intermediate host is involved. By means of Eisenia foetida, an annulate worm, it was possible to induce heavy and certain infestations of gapeworm in chickens with material obtained from the partridge, pheasant, rook and chicken. Other earthworms were shown to be possible intermediate hosts but this was found to be the best and most successful.
On the Occurrence of Rhabditis coarctata (Nematoda) on Caterpillars in the Marquesas Islands
Authors: Oldham J. N.
Published: June 2009

Early in June, 1933, the writer received two vials of caterpillars, to which nematodes were attached, from Mr. A. M. Adamson of the Pacific Entomological Survey with a request, supported by Mr. E. P. Mumford, the Director of the Survey, that an examination and identification of the helminths would be much appreciated.
On some representatives of the Cestode Genus Avitellina from India
Authors: Bhalerao G. D.
Published: June 2009

Two new species of Avitellina, A. woodlandi and A. tatia, have been described and separated from the allied species of the genus. Both these species are remarkable for having cirrus sac longer than vulva.

Additional data are provided in regard to the structure of the species A. sudanea, A. lahorea and A. chalmersi.

The development of the female genitalia of A. chalmersi, which may be regarded as typical of the genus, has been given in detail for the first time.

New observations on the development of the inner column of testes in A. sudanea are made.

A review of the existing species of Avitellina has been taken and a key to all the known species of the genus has been given.
Studies on the Helminths of India. Trematoda I
Authors: Bhalerao G. D.
Published: June 2009

The material of Eurytrema pancreaticum from Hyderabad (Deccan) was examined and found to agree with the material of this species from China and Japan, described by Looss (1907) except in the case of cirrus sac which terminates anterior to ventral sucker.

Numerous specimens of the variety of E. pancreaticum with deeply lobed testes from the pancreatic ducts of a cow in Bengal were examined and it is found that the smaller and the larger forms belong to the same species. Variations occurring in several organs of this variety have been recorded.

A discussion on the existing species of Eurytrema has been evoked and these have been grouped under five subgenera, four of which being new ones.

The species E. ovis, E. robustum and E. cuyabai are considered to be synonyms of E. pancreaticum, E. lubens and E. intermedium respectively.

The species E. parvum Travassos, 1916 being a homonym the name E. travassosi has been suggested for it.

Paradistomum moghei n.sp. has been described and separated from the existing species of Paradistomum.

Mesoccelium leiperi n.sp. has been described and separated from the existing species of Mesocalium.

Mesoccelium sociale has been recorded from Rana tigrina and measurements of some of its organs are given.
A Revision of the Nematode GenusSetariaViborg, 1795, its Host-parasite Relationship, Speciation and Evolution
Authors: Liang-Sheng Yeh
Published: June 2009

In a revision of the genusSetaria s.l. the author gives a review of the literature on the systematics of this group. The genusSetaria s.l. is divided into three genera.Hyraconeman.g. monotypic forH. loveridgei(Sandground, 1928), a primitive worm of the hyracoids;SetariaViborg, 1795, monotypic for S.equina(Abildg., 1789) the common parasite of equine animals; andArtioneman.g. for the remaining species, all of which occur in artiodactyls.Artionema africanan.sp. is the genotype.A. africanais found inTragelaphusspp. and cattle in various parts of continental Africa. The other new speciesA. hartwichin.sp. is found in the European deer,CapreolusandAlceson continental Europe. The paper includes a discussion on host parasite relationship, phylogeny and the evolution of taxonomic characters in speciation. In the Subfamily Setariinae Yorke and Maplestone, 1926, the author recognizes five genera as follows:SkrjabinofilariaTrav., 1925;Hyraconemagen. nov.,SetariaViborg, 1795,PapillosetariaVevers, 1923 andArtionemagen. nov. The paper ends with a host list.
On Diplostomulum tregenna, the Diplostomulum Stage of Diplostomum tregenna Nazmi Gohar, 1932 with an Experimental Demonstration of Part of the Life Cycle
Authors: Khalil L. F.
Published: June 2009

While working on the cranial nerves of the Nile fish Clarias lazera Cuvier and Valenciennes, my attention was drawn to the presence of a very large number of trematode larvae on the brain. Subsequently twenty-four fishes were examined, both from the White Nile and the Blue Nile in Khartoum area in the Sudan, and twenty-two fishes were found to be heavily infected, each with several hundreds of the parasite. The parasite was identified through the help of Dawes' book—The Trematoda—and after feeding experiments, as Diplostomulum tregenna the larval stage of Diplostomum tregenna Nazmi Gohar, 1932. The parasite was found above or in front of the brain in the fat tissue, in the cranial cavity. Closer examination did not reveal the presence of the parasite in the brain tissues and its cavities, nor in the eyes, two of the most common places in which the majority of similar larvae occur. In some of the heavily infected fishes haemorrhage occurred which may suggest that the parasites reached the brain through the blood stream.
On Some Nematodes from the Sudan with the Description of a New Species
Authors: Khalil L. F.
Published: June 2009

Several specimens of this species were collected by the writer from the intestine of the Nile soft shelled turtleTrionyx triunguis(Forskal) (=T. niloticus) from the White Nile near Khartoum area in the Sudan.
A New Species of the Genus Aphelenchoides Fischer, 1894 (Nematoda: Aphelenchoididae) from Rootlets of Radish (Raphanus sativus) in Lucknow
Authors: Singh Surendra Prakash
Published: June 2009

Two males and one female Aphelenchoides were taken from the rootlets of radish, Raphanus sativus, in December, 1967, in the suburbs of Lucknow (India). They are described as new and are named Aphelenchoides franklini n.sp.
Studies on the Helminths of India. Trematoda II
Authors: Bhalerao G. D.
Published: June 2009

The formation of the family Ommatobrephidæ forOmmatobrephusNicoll has been accepted.

With the help of the material fromZamenis mucosusthe speciesO. foliumThapar & Ali has been shown to be a synonym ofO. lobatumMehra. The descriptions of this species given by Mehra and Thapar & Ali have been critically reviewed. Measurements of the material ofO. lobatumat the writer's disposal have been given.

Acanthostomum burminis(Bhalerao) fromTropidonotus piscatorin Nagpur has been recorded.

The synonymy of Lepodermatidæ Odhner with Plagiorchidæ Lühe has been discussed and the latter name has been accepted in preference to the former.

The family status of Cephalogonimidæ has not been agreed upon, but Cephalogoniminæ as a subfamily of Plagiorchidæ has been accepted.

Variations occurring inCephalogonimus amphiumœobtained fromLissemys punctatain Nagpur have been noted and the speciesC. gangeticusPande andC. magnusSinha have been shown to be its synonyms. A review of the various species ofCephalogonimusrecorded up to the present moment has been made. Measurements of the writer's specimens ofC. amphiumœhave been given.

The new species,Styphlodora nicolli, from the intestine ofZamenis mucosushas been described and separated from the allied species of the genus. A key to the existing species ofStyphlodorahas been given.

Encyclometra colubrimurorum(Rud.) has been recorded fromZamenis mucosusin Calcutta.

Tremiorchis ranarumMehra & Negi has been recorded fromRana tigrinain Karnal. The synonymy ofCentrovitus pentadelphiBhalerao with the former species has been pointed out.

An adult specimen ofAstiotrema loossiMehra obtained fromLissemys punctatahas been described and many differences existing between it and the immature specimen described by Mehra have been pointed out. The speciesA. gangeticushas been shown to be a synonym ofA. loossi.

The new species,Astiotretna rami, has been described and separated from the allied species. A review of the existing species ofAstiotremahas been made and a key to them has been given.A. odhnerin.sp. is proposed to replaceA. reniferumof Odhner, 1911.
On gall-formation due to the nematode Anguillulina graminis
Authors: Goodey T.
Published: June 2009

Amongst the plant-parasitic members of the genus Anguillulina, 12 species have been recorded from true galls and of these, one occurs on roots and the remainder on shoot structures. In four only of these species have we any detailed information on the structure of the galls formed as a result of the action of the parasite, namely in the cases of A. tritici, A. agrostis, A. graminophila and A. radicicola. In the case of the two first mentioned, galls are formed from modified flower tissues; in the case of A. graminophila we have galls on leaves and in A. radicicola galls on roots. There are considerable gaps in our knowledge of the reaction of the host plant to the particular parasite attacking it and also concerning the mode of action of the latter in stimulating the production of galls by the host.
On Brugia (Brugiella subgen. nov.) buckleyi n.sp., from the Heart and Blood Vessels of the Ceylon Hare
Authors: Dissanaike A. S. , Paramananthan D. C.
Published: June 2009

1. A new species of Brugia (Brugiella subgen. nov.) buckleyi is described from the heart and blood vessels of the Ceylon Hare (Lepus nigricollis singhala).

2. This worm is much larger than the other species of Brugia. It lacks a distinct head bulb and has a relatively much shorter oesophagus. The vulva in the female is close to the posterior extremity of the oesophagus. In the male the caudal papillae differ in their number and arrangement and the spicule ratio is much smaller.
On a New Trematode,Orientocreadium lazerisp. nov., from a Freshwater Fish,Clarias lazera, in the Sudan
Authors: Khalil L. F.
Published: June 2009

This new species is a rare parasite of the freshwater fishClarias lazeraCuvier and Valenciennes. Twenty-four fishes from the White Nile and the Blue Nile from Khartoum area in the Sudan were examined from October, 1957 to May, 1958. Only five fishes, all from the White Nile, were found to harbour this new species and each fish contained not more than two worms.
The Early Development of Contracaecum osculatum
Authors: Davey J. T.
Published: June 2009

1. Eggs of Contracaecum osculatum, extracted from grey seal faeces, have been hatched in the laboratory at different temperatures and the morphology and behaviour of the larvae described.

2. Artificial exsheathment of the second stage larva from the first stage cuticle has been demonstrated.

3. In attempting to establish the first intermediate host of the life cycle, two species of harpacticoid copepods have been successfully infected but no significant developments reported.
The Development of Ostertagia circumcincta in Lambs
Authors: Denham D. A.
Published: June 2009

The development of the reproductive system of O. circumcincta is described and the developmental cycle divided into phases. It is suggested that these defined phases can be used to give an accurate profile of a worm population. The population of worms found in the experimentally infected lambs is defined in terms of these phases, linear measurements and, in the mature female worms, the presence or absence of the vulval flap.
A New Nematode of the Genus Streptopharagus (Spiruroidea) from the Indian Gerbil, Tatera indica indica
Authors: Johnson Sylvester
Published: June 2009

The Indian gerbil, Tatera indica indica, was collected in the arid western Rajasthan at Bikaner during the first weeks of July, August and September 1968. From sixty gerbils a large number of nematodes belonging to the genera Streptopharagus Blanc, 1912, Rictularia Froelich, 1802 and Trichuris Roederer, 1761, together with a few cestodes, were recovered from the stomach and intestine. The Streptopharagus sp. described below, vastly outnumbered the other worms and appears to be a new species.
Self Insemination in Echinococcus granulosus in vivo
Authors: Smyth J. D. , Smyth M. M.
Published: June 2009

Self insemination appears to be the normal process of sperm transfer in Echinococus granulosus and has been observed in both terminal and subterminal proglottids of worms from dogs.

Cross fertilization between adjacent proglottids or between proglottids of different strobila was not observed.

In some instances, the genital pore was found occluded by a ‘plug’ of material which may represent an antige–antibody precipitate.

The implications of self-insemination in relation to in vitro studies and to the genetics of ‘strain’ production in the genus Echinococcus are discussed.
The Development of the Early Larval Stages of Trichuris muris in the Albino Laboratory Mouse
Authors: Wakelin D.
Published: June 2009

A study has been made of the early larval stages of the nematode Trichuris muris. It was found that the capacity of larvae to infect mice developed some time after the apparent completion of growth in the egg; no moult was observed to occur within the egg. Hatching took place in the small intestine of the mouse between 30 and 60 minutes after infection and the larvae were carried down into the caecum. Penetration was first observed one hour after infection and by 4 hours almost all the larvae had entered the caecal mucosa. Larvae appeared to penetrate into the epithelial cells of the mucosal glands after first entering through the gland opening. During the first 4 to 5 days the larvae remained within the glands, coiled around the gland lumen, but as growth occurred, the larvae occupied a more superficial position and eventually came to lie with the anterior region of the body within the mucosa and the posterior region lying free in the caecal lumen. Moulting larvae were recovered on the 9th 10th and 11th day after infection.
Intrauterine development of the microfilariae of Dipetalonema viteae
Authors: Ellis D. S. , Rogers Rosemary , Bianco A. E. , Denham D. A.
Published: June 2009

The egg shell of Dipetalonema viteae separated from the oolemma and became highly convoluted at an early stage of development. No second oolemma or trilaminate membrane was seen. Channels containing electron dense material (thought to be nutrient material from the uterine wall) were formed between adjacent embryos. Many developing embryos died.

Microvilli were formed by the uterine wall and developing embryos were closely apposed to these (again presumably to obtain nutrient).

Embryos emerged from the egg in the uterus and were born as unsheathed microfilariae.
Studies on humoral immunity againstTaenia taeniaeformisinfection in rats
Authors: Kwa B. H. , Liew F. Y.
Published: June 2009

Rats were infected with doses of 100, 1000, 5000 and 10 000 eggs ofTaenia taeniaeformis. Haemagglutinating antibody to cysticercus antigen was detected at the 4th week of infection. The appearance and levels of antibody titre did not vary greatly with the infective dose. An IgM peak appeared at the 6th week, with IgG appearing slightly later and continuing to rise. Transfer of serum from the 1st week onwards from infections with 1000 eggs however could confer significant protection. Dilutions of hyperimmune serum (1 ml volumes) of up to 1/32 conferred significant protection on normal recipients. Hyperimmune serum transferred up to 4 days before challenge could confer 80% protection whereas serum transferred 4 days after challenge was totally non-protective. The significance of this finding is discussed in the light of current knowledge of metacestode immunity.
Allohymenolepis palawanensis sp. n. (Cyclophyllidea: Hymenolepididae) from the Philippine bird, Nectarinia jugularis (Tweeddale 1878)
Authors: Deardorff Thomas L. , Schmidt Gerald D. , Kuntz Robert E.
Published: June 2009

Allohymenolepis palawanensis sp. n. from a yellow-breasted sunbird, Nectarinia jugularis, in Palawan, Republic of the Philippines, is characterized by possessing a sucker diameter of 52–56 μm, a scolex of 120 × 157–166 μm, ovary 25–40 × 71–90 μm, and a vitelline gland of 17–25μm
Morphological and histochemical observations on the digestive system of Cotylophoron cotylophorum
Authors: Parshad V. R. , Guraya S. S.
Published: June 2009

The amphistome Cotylophoron cotylophorum feeds entirely on semidigested rumenal contents (plant material living bacteria, and protozoa). Morphological and histochemical studies have been made of the digestive system. Two types of cells occur in the caecal epithelium, the first type were larger and cuboidal with granular cytoplasm containing a high amount of RNA and proteins. The second smaller type were fewer, and contained pyknotic nuclei; their cytoplasm was vacuolated. The cells of the first type bear microvilli at the luminal surface. The surface coat consists of saliva resistant acetylated acid mucopolysaccharides containing hyaluronic acid with carboxyl polyanions. Intense activities of acid phosphatase, glucose-6-phosphatase, and ATPase, and moderate activities of nonspecific esterase and lipase are localized at the brush border. The functional significance of the surface carbohydrates and the hydrolytic enzymes has been discussed in relation to digestion and absorption of nutrients.
The effect of Praziquantel on Schistosoma mansoni
Authors: Coles G. C.
Published: June 2009

3 × 10−6M praziquantel fails to completely paralyse miracidia and cercariae in a short time but they are not infective when maintained in the solution. 3 × 10−5M praziquantel prevents infected snails shedding cercariae but does not kill daughter sporocyts or developing cercariae. As the action of praziquantel on adult worms is not blocked by 10−2M mecamylamine, pempidine or carbachol, but is reduced by calcium deplection, it is suggested that praziquantel may act by permitting calcium influx to muscle cells causing them to contract.
A comparison of the characteristics of two strains of Schistosoma intercalatum Fisher, 1934 in mice
Authors: Bjørneboe Agnete , Frandsen Flemming
Published: June 2009

Schistosoma intercalatum and from Cameroon and Zaire each have their specific snail intermediate host. Hybridization experiments between S. intercalatum from Cameroon and Zaire have resulted in viable miracidia for only two generations. If the two strains are of the same species, cross breeding should be possible for several generations. This paper presents a comparison of the characteristics of the two strains of S. intercalatum in experimental infections in mice.

Worm return, male-female worm ratio, growth rate, number of testes in male adult worms are compared. The quantitative distribution of eggs in the tissues of the mice is recorded. A comparison of the size and shape of the parasite eggs is described as are the changes in the weight of the liver and spleen of the infected mice.

It is considered that the differences observed between the two strains of S. intercalatum do not necessitate a division of the two strains into two separate species.
Hypodontus macropi Mönnig, 1929, a hookworm-like parasite of macropodid marsupials
Authors: Beveridge I.
Published: June 2009

Hypodontus macropi Mönnig, 1929, is redescribed and its taxonomic affinities discussed. H. macropi is recorded for the first time from Wallabia bicolor, Macropus robustus, M. fuliginosus, M. dorsalis, M. agilis and Thylogale billardierii. The method of attachment of the parasite and gross and histopathological changes associated with it are described. Free living larval stages are described. Experimental infestations were attempted but were not successful. Hypodountus thetidis Johnston and Mawson, 1939, is made a synonym of H. macropi.
Cirkennedya porlockensis, a new genus and species of digenean from the sunfish Mola mola (L.)
Authors: Gibson D. I. , Bray R. A.
Published: June 2009

Cirkennedya porlockensis gen. et sp. nov. is described from the intestine of Mola mola off Porlock, Somerset, England. The Systematic position of this new genus is discussed. It appears to be the first example of the family Macroderoididae to be reported from a marine teleost host. The status of this family in relation to the Plagiorchiidae is briefly commented upon.
Moaciria chondropythonis sp. n. (Heterakidae; Spinicaudinae), a nematode from a Papuan tree python, Chondropython viridis
Authors: Gibbons Lynda M.
Published: June 2009

Moaciria chondropythonis sp. n., from cysts in the wall of the oesophageal/stomach junction of Chondropython viridis originally from New Guinea but kept in captivity at the Zoological Society of London for three months is described and figured. It is distinguished from the other species of the genus by the number and arrangement of the caudal papillae and by its larger size.
Goezia lacerticola sp. n. (Nematoda: Anisakidae) in Alligator mississippiensis from Florida
Authors: Deardorff Thomas L. , Overstreet Robin M.
Published: June 2009

Goezia lacerticola sp. n. infects the American alligator, Alligator mississippiensis, in Florida. The stomach ascaridoid is characterized by possessing 28 – 32 pairs of caudal papillae of which 4 are postcloacal, 2 are paracloacal, and the rest are precloacal; a body length of 3.9 – 8.2 mm, spicules 8 – 16% of the body length; and a length-ratio of the intestinal caecum to ventricular appendage of 1:2.1 – 4.6 mm. Its ventricular appendage consists of two longitudinal compartments.
Evidence for increased susceptibility of Brugia pahangi-infected jirds (Meriones unguiculatus) to subsequent homologous infections
Authors: Klei Thomas R. , McCall John W. , Malone John B.
Published: June 2009

The effect of existing Brugia pahangi infections on the establishment of a subsequent population was studied using jirds which had pre-challenge infections of 4 and 8 months duration. Necropsies were performed 28 days post-challenge inoculation in order to separate challenge and initial worm populations. The results indicate that existing infections of 4 or 8 months duration increase the susceptibility to subsequent homologous infections. The location of challenge population worms in tissue sites examined did not differ significantly between previously infected and uninfected groups. Previous infections did not affect the early growth of challenge population worms as indicated by their length.
Infectivity in rodents of Schistosoma mansoni cercariae of human and murine origin
Authors: Combes C. , Imbert-Establet D.
Published: June 2009

Experimental infections of white laboratory mice and wild rats (Rattus rattus) with cercariae of Schistosoma mansoni of different descent, whether murine or human, demonstrate that there is no significant difference in the probability of maturation of these cercariae into adult schistosomes.

These results enable us to hypothesise that the reverse would be true, i.e. that cercariae of murine or human descent would be capable of infecting man with the same success rate.

Circulation of the parasite from man to the rat and from the rat to man may therefore occur in natural habitats, which does not mean that rodents can maintain indefinitely and independently Schistosoma mansoni, nor does it mean that murine strains may not evolve locally.
Threonine and serine dehydratase activity in the buffalo liver-flukeFasciola indica
Authors: Tandon R. S. , Misra K. C.
Published: June 2009

Serine dehydratase was found to be five times more active than threonine dehydratase in the liver-flukeFasciola indica. The latter was not affected by L-isoleucine. Optimum pH for both enzymes was found to be 9.0 in tris-universal buffer. Seven metallic ions tested did not accelerate the enzyme activity, but produced different effects on two enzymes. Two different enzymes probably exist for the two aminoacids, L-threonine and L-serine.
Epidemiological observations on lungworm, Dictyocaulus arnfieldi, in donkeys from Morocco
Authors: Pandey V. S.
Published: June 2009

Regular monthly examination of lungs of donkeys, with a total of 423 in a year, revealed that in Morocco Dictyocaulus arnfieldi infection is present throughout the year with an annual incidence of 47.8% (range 30 to 62.2%). The monthly mean number of worms per animal varied from 19.4 to 69.6 (annual average 39.5) with a maximum of 1000 worms in a donkey. October, February and June are the months when peaks of infections were observed. The ratio of worms in lungs to larvae per g in faeces (L.P.G) ratio varied from 1:0.57 to 1:1.33 (average 1:0.97) and although this relation was significant, cases with high worm burden and no larvae in faeces were observed.
Taeniasis, cysticercosis and echinococcosis/hydatidosis in Nigeria: IV — prevalence of Echinococcus granulosus infection in stray dogs
Authors: Dada B. J. O
Published: June 2009

Echinococcus granulosus (Batsch, 1786; Rudolphi, 1801) infections in stray dogs were recorded in the Sudan and Northern Guinea zones at a prevalence rate of 6.2% and 1.2% respectively. The parasite was not recorded in any stray dog obtained from the Bauchi Plateau zone, although fewer dogs were examined from this zone.

The high prevalence of echinococcosis in dogs reported in the Sudan zone bears a true epidemiological relationship with the high prevalence of cystic hydatidosis recorded for slaughtered livestock within the same locality. There is therefore a strong possibility of a high rate of faecal contamination of the environments under consideration with Echinococcus eggs, which places the human population at a high risk.
A Revision of the GenusAnisakisDujardin, 1845 (Nematoda: Ascaridata)
Authors: Davey J. T.
Published: June 2009

By clarifying which taxonomic characters are of specific significance and by defining the intra specific limits of individual morphological variations, seventeen species of the genusAnisakiswere shown to represent only three distinguishable forms, these beingAnisakis simplex(Rudoiphi, 1809 det. Krabbe, 1878),A. typica(Diesing, 1860) andA. physeterisBaylis, 1923. The morphological characters in order of importance for identifying these species are the spicules, the postanal papillae, the form of the ventriculus, the position of the vulva and the form of the lips. These three species were also found to be satisfactory when discussed in geographical and ecological terms.

The four remaining species in the genus,Anisakis dussumierii(van Beneden, 1870),A. alexandriHsü and Hoeppli, 1933,A. insignis(Diesing, 1851) andA. schupakoviMozgovoi, 1915 are retained asspecies inquirendaefor lack of sufficient information concerning them.
Investigations of the unimiracidial infection ofSchistosoma intercalatumin snails and the infection of the final host using cercariae of one sex
Authors: Frandsen Flemming
Published: June 2009

Infection with single miracidial doses ofSchistosoma intercalatumfrom Cameroun inBulinus forskaliiand from Zaïre inB. globosusresulted in an equal number of male and female infections. The cercarial production of both sexes started at the same time. The male infected snails produced a greater number of cercariae, because of the longer duration of infection.

The recovery of schistosomes from infection with male and female cercariae was forS. intercalatum, Zaïre, 38·8 ± 10·6 and 18·7 ± 14·0 respectively.

ForS. intercalatumfrom Cameroun, with single sex cercariae from two different populations of intermediate hosts from Zaïre and Cameroun were 38·3 ± 7·3 (♂); 20·3 ± 9·3 (♀) and 35·0 ± 8·7 (♂); 12·2 ± 4·5 (♀), respectively.
Intestinal helminth parasites of the ray Raja naevus in British waters
Authors: McVicar A. H.
Published: June 2009

Five cestode, one monogenean, and two nematode species comprised the “normal” intestinal helminth fauna of Raja naevus in British waters. An additional two nematodes, a digenean, an acanthocephalan and a crustacean recorded are considered to be accidental infections. Geographical differences in the species composition and level of infection are noted and discussed. Short descriptions of the tetraphyllidean cestode Echeneibothrium sp. and the nematode Capillaria sp. are given, but the species, although probably both new, are left unnamed. The intensity of cestode infections show two patterns associated with host length and these are discussed in relation to variations in host diet. Speculations are made on the cestode life cycles. Only Echeneibothrium sp. numbers showed any significant variation associated with host sex.
Development of Microphalloides japonicus (Osborn, 1919) metacercariae in vitro (Trematoda: Microphallidae)
Authors: Fujino Takahiro , Hamajima Fusanori , Ishii Yoichi , Mori Ryoichi
Published: June 2009

Metacercariae of the trematode Microphalloides japonicus (Osborn, 1919) were cultivated in various media to gravid adults, and the results were compared with those in vivo. A few eggs were produced in the uterus even in balanced salt solution, although cultivation in Eagle's MEM and NCTC 109 media was much better. Addition of heat-inactivated serum resulted in even better development. Encysted metacercariae also produced eggs in some media, but most of them were incomplete and without shells.
The response of nematodes in vivo and in vitro to some anthelmintics
Authors: Coles G. C. , McNeillie R. M.
Published: June 2009

Dietary feeding of drugs for 5 days to mice infected with Nematospiroides dubius and Hymenolepis nana detected all modern anthelmintics examined except stilbazium. A simple test using eggs of Nematodirus spathiger and adult Nippostrongylus brasiliensis to detect anthelmintics in vitro is reported.
Observations on the effect of anthelmintic treatment on the transmission of Hyostrongylus rubidus and Oesophagostomum Spp. Among sows at pasture
Authors: Rose J. H. , Small A. J.
Published: June 2009

The transmission of Hyostrongylus rubidus and Oesophagostomum spp. following anthelmintic treatment was studied over a period of two years in a herd of sows kept out-of-doors on a commercial farm in south-eastern England. The sows were moved on to a clean pasture each autumn and at the same time were treated with an anthelmintic. The treatment was repeated six months later when the faecal worm egg count was rising. Contamination of the pasture with worm eggs was both light and intermittent. The pasture herbage remained free of infective larvae until the early summer; subsequently the herbage became lightly infected with larvae so that transmission of the parasites was possible, but limited. The level of infection on the herbage was much lower than was seen in earlier observations when the more commonly used system of treating groups of sows at different times of the year, in between farrowings, was used.
5′-Nucleotidase activity and substrate affinity in digenetic trematodes
Authors: Siddiqui Afzal A. , Nizami Wajih A.
Published: June 2009

5′-nucleotidases of eight species of digenetic trematodes were studied using five different substrates. All species showed the following preferential order of substrate affinity; AMP>CMP>GMP>TMP>UMP. It was observed that different species occupying similar habitats possessed closely related levels of enzyme activities. The function of 5′-nucleotidases in trematodes is also suggested.
Techniques for locating isotopically labelled schistosomula of Schistosoma mansoni in host tissues for ultrastructural investigations
Authors: Crabtree Jean E. , Wilson R. A.
Published: June 2009

The use of 75Selenomethionine labelled cercariae of Schistosoma mansoni for ultrastructural localization of parasites in host tissues has been evaluated. Both gamma counting of tissue, and autoradiography of resin-embedded tissue were successful. The autoradiographic technique was more sensitive and schistosomula were readily located in pulmonary tissue up to 24 days post-infection.
Chemical nature and mode of stabilization of eggshell/capsule of some cyclophyllidean cestodes
Authors: Arfin M. , Nizami W. A.
Published: June 2009

The Chemical nature and mode of stabilization of the eggshell/capsule of Moniezia expansa, Avitellinalahorea and Stilesia globipunctata have been investigated using histochemical techniques. In M. expansa Where vitelline glands are present, the eggshell is stabilized by -S-S and -S-H linkages Whereas in A. lahorea and S. globipunctata, the viteline glands are absent and the double membranes, fibrous capsule and paruterine organ contain mainly elastokeratin-type structural protein. The possible role of the vitellaria in the presence or absence of eggshell and its thickness is discussed.
Biochemical and histochemical studies of alkaline and acid phosphatases in a digenetic trematode,Pegosomum egretti
Authors: Rajvanshi Indra , Mali K. L.
Published: June 2009

The biochemistry and histochemistry ofPegosomum egrettihave been studied using standard techniques. Phosphatases were analysed colorimetrically; the optimum pH for acid phosphatase activity was 5·0 and for alkaline phosphatase was 10·0. The results were compared with those of other trematodes. Histochemical localization of acid and alkaline phosphatases revealed differences in enzyme activity in various tissues. These differences in the site and pattern of distribution of the two enzymes have been discussed in relation to transport of raw materials and the metabolism of the cell concerned.
Development of Trichobilharzia australis Blair & Islam, 1983 in the snail, Lymnaea lessoni Deshayes and in an experimental definitive host, the Muscovy duck
Authors: Islam K. S.
Published: June 2009

The development of Trichobilharzia australis Blair & Islam, 1983 in the intermediate host, Lymnaea lessoni Deshayes and in experimental definitive hosts, Muscovy ducks is described, 24 hours after entry into the snail, miracidia had lost their cilia, epidermal plates and lateral processes and became young mother sporocysts. They were located in the tissues of the head-foot organ of the snail and were oval in cross section but still retained the shape of a miracidium, and measured 0·058–0·66 × 0·041–0·049 mm. From the seventh day onward young mother sporocyts were tubular, thin-walled, irregular in shape and were in the tissues of the lung and kidney of the snail. On the 24th day mature mother sporocysts and young daughter sporocysts were found in the digestive gland. Between the 24 th and 29th day mature daughter sporocysts with fully developed cercariae ready to emerge, or already emerged, could be seen in the digestive gland of the snail. Cercariae emerged from the snail from the 29th to 46th day after exposure at 25°±1°:C. The prepatent period of T. australis in the Muscovy ducks was 22 to 42 days after the beginning of exposure to cercariae.
Electrophoretic identification of larvae and adults of Anisakis (Ascaridida:Anisakidae)
Authors: Orecchia P. , Paggi L. , Mattiucci S. , Smith J. W. , Nascetti G. , Bullini L.
Published: June 2009

The relationships between larvae and adults of Anisakis from the Mediterranean Sea and North-East Atlantic Ocean were analysed by multilocus electrophoresis. The correspondence of type I larvae with the A. simplex complex, including the sibling species A. simplex A and B, and of type II larvae with A. physeteris is confirmed. 19 of the 22 loci studied discriminated between the two larval types. Biochemical keys are given for the electrophoretic identification of A. simplex A, A. simplex B and A. physeteris, at both the larval and adult stages.
Synergistic effect of migrating Ascaris larvae and Escherichia coli in piglets
Authors: Adedeji S. O. , Ogunba E. O. , Dipeolu O. O.
Published: June 2009

The effect of intestinal flora on the establishment, development and pathogenicity of Ascaris suum larvae in piglets (Large White breed) was investigated. The infected piglets with Ascaris and Escherichia coli showed signs of pneumonia, cough with respiratory difficulties initially even though these moderated with time. They lost appetite and showed signs of unthriftiness with loss of weight. The packed cell volume was normal but the differential leucocyte counts of the pigs infected with Ascaris larvae and bacteria had high neutrophils, unlike the very high lymphocyte count observed in piglets with ascarids only. The piglets had generalized serous atrophy of body fat. The pericardial and perirenal fats were gelatinous. There was a firm and nodular grey and red hepatization with abscess pockets in the intermediate and anterior one third of the diaphragmatic lobes of the lungs. The liver contained greyish-white and depressed focus immediately dorsal to the area of attachment to the gall bladder with multifocal areas. There was no significant gross lesion in the control animals. Cultural and microscopic examinations of some internal organs of the infected animals showed that bacteria were carried to the lungs by the migrating Ascaris larvae. The combined synergistic effect of Ascaris larvae and E. coli was also investigated and it was concluded that the two agents (A. suum larvae and E. coli) worked together synergistically.