bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Implementasi Pendidikan Karakter dalam Kurikulum 2013
Authors: Rambe Anggi Afrina , Dwietama Regita Ayu , Arya Muhammad Nurfaizi , Firdaus Endis , Rahman Rini
Published: November 2024

This study aims to analyze the implementation of character education in Curriculum 2013 at SDN 16 Rantau Utara. The importance of character education in forming a young generation that is not only academically intelligent but also has strong moral values. This research uses a qualitative case study method, with data collection using observation, interviews and document analysis to collect data from teachers and learners. The results show that character education is integrated into various subjects, focusing on teaching moral values through active learning methods. Although there are challenges in character assessment and evaluation, many teachers strive to overcome these problems by applying innovative methods. Therefore, the implementation of character education in Curriculum 2013 has shown significant progress, but it still needs improvement in terms of the assessment system in order to objectively measure students' character development. Thus, character education in Curriculum 2013 is expected to be more effective in creating students who excel academically and have good character.
Le /f/ final dans le lexique de l’arabe: un submorphème sublexical corrélé à la notion de légereté
Authors: Khchoum Salem
Published: November 2024

Cet article se penche sur l’analyse submorphémique des racines trilitères qui se terminent par la consonne /f/ dans le lexique de la langue arabe. Parmi ces racines partageant le /f/ final, plus d’un tiers révèle un lien sémantique avec la notion de légèreté. Les caractéristiques phonétiques et articulatoires du phonème /f/ transcendent leur aspect purement mécanique pour former une mimophonie, évoquant ainsi l’expérience subjective associée à la légèreté. La structure sémantique de la légèreté, combinant des références concrètes et des constructions abstraites, est examinée à travers le prisme de la théorie de la métaphore conceptuelle pour son analyse sémantique. Néanmoins, un modèle explicatif novateur de la notion de légèreté est avancé pour saisir ses multiples manifestations, à la fois abstraites et concrètes. Enfin, l’article aborde la proposition du terme "submorphème sublexical", soulignant ainsi l’impératif d’adapter la terminologie morphologique à la recherche submorphémique et submorphologique. Cette adaptation s’avère essentielle pour appréhender de manière précise les spécificités liées à ce niveau d’analyse linguistique émergent.
Teaching Persian Complex Predicates from a Pedagogical Construction Grammar Stance
Authors: Pakzadian Maryam
Published: November 2024

This paper addresses Persian Complex Predicates (CPs) from an Applied/Pedagogical Construction Grammar (PCxG) stance. PCxG is an approach to foreign language pedagogy that emphasises the importance of constructions (form-meaning pairings), which are patterns of words and grammatical structures that have meaning beyond the sum of their individual parts. According to Goldberg (2006: 3), it is ‘an attempt to describe language in a way that is both descriptively accurate and pedagogically useful’. Persian CPs are multi-word predicates comprised of twenty so-called light verbs and a non-verbal element (noun, adjective, adverb, preposition, verbal particle, complex noun, noun plus adverb) forming a single conceptual unit (e.g. pakhsh kardan, lit. scatteredADJ do, ‘to spread’; and charkh zadan, lit. wheelN hit, ‘to stroll’). Persian CPs present a compelling challenge to linguistics due to their lexical and phrasal properties. For example, they can undergo derivational processes, but they are also syntactically separable by the negation prefix, future auxiliary, or the direct object clitics. In this study, I argue that for teaching Persian CPs to English speakers a PCxG approach can be construed as a multidisciplinary effort aiming to elicit those aspects of Construction Grammar (CxG) that can be tied in more explicitly with Applied Linguistics, teacher education, and foreign language pedagogy.
ОСОБЕННОСТИ АНТИКОРОЗИЙНЫХ СВОЙСТВ ТИТАНОВЫХ ИМПЛАНТАТОВ С НАНОСТРУКТУРИРОВАННЫМИ ПОКРЫТИЯМИ
Authors: М.Б. Тлешев , Р.И. Кульманбетов , Б.Ж. Нысанова , К.Д. Алтынбеков
Published: November 2024

Модификация поверхности имплантатов представляет собой важную область исследований в медицине, направленную на улучшение остеоинтеграции и снижение воспалительных реакций в области имплантации. Для достижения этих целей поверхности имплантатов подвергаются различным методам модификации. В частности, модификация поверхностей делится на два основных направления: обработка поверхности ионами металлов и наночастицами. Эти методы включают нанесение металлического покрытия на поверхность имплантата и способствуют значительному повышению антикорозийных свойств имплантатов. Цель исследования: изучить антикорозийные свойства титановых имплантатов с наноструктурироваными поверхностями. Материалы и методы исследования: экспериментальное исследование методом снятия потенциодинамических поляризационных кривых. Результаты и обсуждение: Исследование показало, что титановые имплантаты с наноструктурированными покрытиями обладают более улучшенными антикоррозийными свойствами по сравнению со стандартными покрытиями. Специально осажденная оксидная пленка на поверхности титана обеспечивает защиту от коррозии. Заключение: доказана эффективность использования наноструктурированных покрытий наночастицами для повышения долговечности и надежности титановых имплантатов. Данные покрытия могут значительно улучшить эксплуатационные характеристики дентальных имплантатов, обеспечивая их стабильную работу в агрессивных условиях организма человека.
CLINICAL COURSE OF SEVERE AND CRITICAL CORONAVIRUS INFECTION COVID-19 AMONG PREGNANT WOMEN
Authors: A.T. Terlikbayeva , G.G. Urazbayeva , A.K. Ayazbekov , G.N. Abuova , G.N. Taskynova , G.G. Shaimerdenova
Published: November 2024

Background. The COVID-19 pandemic, which spread in 2020, is a global problem that humanity has faced. Women during gestation are 3 times more likely to be admitted to the intensive care unit, 2.9 times more likely to need invasive ventilation, 2.4 times more likely to need extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, and 1.7 times more likely to have fatal outcomes than non-pregnant women Materials and methods. We conducted a retrospective analysis of the birth histories of 92 pregnant women and postpartum women with COVID-19 coronavirus infection at the clinical sites of the Scientific Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology, perinatal centers in the space of 2020. Results. All patients with coronavirus infection COVID-19 were young pregnant women from the age of 20 to 42 years, at a gestational age of 12 to 41 weeks, of which at full term (38-41 weeks) — 17 (18.5%), at a period of 30-37 weeks — 45 (48.9%), 21-29 weeks — 25 (27.2%), at 12-17 weeks — 5 (5.4%). One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) has shown that there are statistically relevant differences in the days of hospitalization among the patients, depending on the parity of births (p<0.05). Complications during pregnancy on the part of the fetus were: a threatening state of the fetus was observed among 5 (5.4%), intrauterine fetal death - in 22 (23.9%), premature separation of the normally located placenta (PSNLP) was observed among 3 (3.3%), miscarriage among 2 (2.2%), therapeutic abortion - 1 (1.1%); 28 children (34.2%) were born prematurely, with birth weight from 510g (at 22 weeks) to 3100g (at 37 weeks). Conclusions. Thus, pregnant women with severe and critically severe forms of COVID-19 were predominantly urban residents, at a gestational age of 30 to 37 weeks, and were multiparous. The risk of complications did not depend on the number of previous births, highlighting the need for special attention to this patient category regardless of their obstetric history.
CLINICAL FEATURES OF COVID-19 INFECTION IN NEWBORNS: A RETROSPECTIVE ANALYSIS
Authors: Ye. Mukhaliyev , G. Kuttykuzhanova , A. Tanirbergenova , A. Katarbayev , G. Akdauletova
Published: November 2024

Background. The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly impacted all age groups, including newborns. During the fifth surge, the prevalence of the Omicron variant among infants increased dramatically. While SARS-CoV-2 is generally milder in children than adults, newborns are vulnerable due to their immature immune systems. Clinical manifestations in newborns can range from asymptomatic to severe cases with respiratory distress or multi-organ dysfunction. Purpose of study. Description of clinical manifestations, course and outcomes of coronavirus infection in newborns. Materials and methods of study. A retrospective analysis was conducted on 110 newborns with COVID-19 admitted to the Children’s Clinical Infectious Diseases Hospital of Almaty between 2021 and early 2022. The study used electronic medical records as the source of research data. Demographic data such as age and sex were collected, along with epidemiological data including international or domestic travel within two weeks prior to the onset of the disease, known exposure to a person with positive SARS-CoV-2 infection, and a history of pregnancy. Results. The infants’ mean age was 17 days, with 44 boys (40%) and 66 girls (60%). Four newborns were admitted to the hospital at less than seven days of life. When analyzing the severity of the cases, the following proportions of newborns were observed: (3/110, 2.7%) were asymptomatic, (44/110, 40%) had mild symptoms, (57/110, 51.8%) were moderately severe, (4/110, 3.6%) severe, and (2/110, 1.8%) had very severe illness. The majority (68.4%) were hospitalized within three days of symptom onset. Fever was common, and all infants underwent chest CTs. Despite some severe cases, 99% had favorable outcomes, with only one fatality. Conclusion. This study indicates that most COVID-19 infections in newborns were contracted from household contacts. Clinical symptoms in infants included fever, catarrhal symptoms, and signs of intoxication, with some showing normal temperatures. Laboratory findings varied, with common changes including monocytosis and neutrophilia. Respiratory complications, such as bronchitis and pneumonia, were prevalent. Comorbidities, particularly congenital disorders, increased the risk of severe outcomes and mortality. Most newborns recovered within 1-2 weeks, though viral carriage persisted in many.
КАЧЕСТВО ЖИЗНИ ПОСТКОВИДНЫХ ПАЦИЕНТОВ ПОСЛЕ ПРИМЕНЕНИЯ СУБЛИМИРОВАННОГО КОБЫЛЬЕГО МОЛОКА
Authors: А.Т. Мусаев , В.А. Индершиев , С.К. Мейрманов , Н.А. Сафонов , Ж.Б. Рахимбаева , З.И. Ормаханова , М.Т. Колбаев
Published: November 2024

Одним из способов улучшения качества жизни пациентов, находящихся в периоде реабилитации после острых вирусных инфекций, в том числе COVID-19, может служить назначение натуральных продуктов питания с антиоксидантным, мембраностабилизирующим и другими полезными свойствами. Цель исследования. Определить влияние сублимированного кобыльего молока на показатели качества жизни постковидных пациентов в реабилитационном периоде. Материалы и методы исследования. В данной работе представлено назначение сублимированного кобыльего молока (Saumal) постковидным пациентам в реабилитационном периоде. Выборка включала в себя 60 респондентов, равномерно разделенных на основную и контрольную группу. Только основная группа получала кобылье молоко в качестве компонента восстановительной терапии. Результаты. Уровень качества жизни пациентов основной группы значительно возрос (физический компонент качества жизни: 95% ДИ (-7,34; -1,56); p = 0,004; психологический компонент качества жизни: 95% ДИ (-7,02; -1,91); p = 0,001) по сравнению с контрольной группой (физический компонент качества жизни: 95% ДИ (-0,14; 0,09); p = 0,647; психологический компонент качества жизни: 95% ДИ (-0,33; 0,03); p = 0,091). Вывод. Использование данного продукта питания является эффективным решением в реабилитационной терапии постинфекционных пациентов.
ДИНАМИКА ПОСЛЕРОДОВЫХ КРОВОТЕЧЕНИЙ В РОДОВСПОМОГАТЕЛЬНОМ УЧРЕЖДЕНИИ III УРОВНЯ
Authors: А.К. Аязбеков , А.Б. Аязбекова , Р.Г. Нурхасимова , А.М. Курманова
Published: November 2024

Актуальность. Акушерское кровотечение является основнои причинои материнскои заболеваемости и смертности во всем мире, почти у 14 миллионов женщин ежегодно развивается повышенное кровотечение во время родов или в послеродовои период, и более 80 000 женщин умирают в результате послеродового кровотечения. Цель исследования: анализ и динамика частоты послеродовых кровотечении , оценка эффективности проводимых мер по борьбе с послеродовыми кровотечениями, совершенствование организации оказания неотложнои медицинскои помощи. Материалы и методы исследования. Проведен ретроспективныи анализ послеродовых кровотечении за последние 5 лет (2018–2022 гг.) по материалам ГКП на ПХВ «Областнои перинатальныи центр №3» Туркестанскои области Республики Казахстан. Результаты. За последние 5 лет частота послеродовых кровотечении снизилась в 3 раза - с 11,3 на 1000 родов (84 случая на 7373 родов) в 2018 году до 3,6 на 1000 родов (38 случаев на 10488 родов) в 2022 году. С 2018 г. по 2022 г. прослеживается отчетливая тенденция снижения абсолютного количества послеродовых кровотечении , так в 2018 году послеродовое кровотечение встречалось с частотои у каждои 87 родильницы, то уже в 2022 году частота возникновения послеродового кровотечения у каждои 276, наглядно демонстрируя эффективность применяемых мероприятии . Выводы. Проблема послеродовых кровотечении не теряет своеи актуальности, при послеродовых кровотечениях необходима адекватная борьба по принципам своевременности, комплексного подхода и индивидуального выбора интенсивнои терапии.
ПАТОГЕНЕТИЧЕСКАЯ МОДУЛЯЦИЯ ИММУННОГО ОТВЕТА ПРИ АСЕПТИЧЕСКОМ ВОСПАЛЕНИИ
Authors: Г.К. Кайранбаева , М.К. Балабекова , S. Edgaras
Published: November 2024

Введение. Как известно, воспалительныи процесс, как защитныи механизм организма, жизненно важен для здоровья. Но в деи ствительности при заболеваниях, чаще всего, наблюдаем снижение одного или нескольких звеньев иммуннои защиты, что может приводить к развитию хронических процессов, а в особо тяжелых случаях и к гибели организма. Цель исследования. Работа выполнена с целью исследования влияния полиоксидония на активность Т-рег в условиях асептического воспаления. Материалы и методы исследования. В настоящеи работе исследована активность (CD4+, CD4+FoxP3+CTLA-4+ (Tрегуляторные клетки)) с помощью проточнои цитофлуориметрии. Исследование проводили на 3 группах животных, в эксперимент взяты 42 беспородных крыс-самцов массой 180-220±20г, содержавшихся в стандартных условиях вивария на обычном пищевом рационе. Асептическое воспаление вызывали путем подкожного введения в межлопаточную область 0,3 мл скипидара на вазелиновом масле, предварительно выстригая шерсть, и подкожно вводили 0,5 мл воздуха. Результаты и выводы. Было установлено, что полиоксидоний модулирует иммунный ответ, снижая содержание активированных CD4+ Th-клеток, и индуцирует пролиферацию Т регуляторных клеток. Полиоксидоний стимулирует повышение доли CD4+FoxP3+CTLA-4+ через 7 суток течения воспаления, постепенно возвращая к исходному уровня к концу второй недели исследования.
МУЛЬТИДИСЦИПЛИНАРНЫЙ ПОДХОД К ОРГАНИЗАЦИИ ОКАЗАНИЯ НЕЙРОХИРУРГИЧЕСКОЙ ПОМОЩИ ПАЦИЕНТАМ С ОПУХОЛЯМИ ХИАЗМАЛЬНО-СЕЛЛЯРНОЙ ОБЛАСТИ
Authors: Е.С. Аяганов , Е.К. Дюсембеков , Г.Ж. Аханов , A.Н. Нурбакыт , Ж.Б. Садыкова , А.К. Жанисбаев
Published: November 2024

В статье рассматриваются особенности и значимость организации мультидисциплинарного подхода в оказании нейрохирургической помощи пациентам с опухолями хиазмально-селлярной области. Подробно описана концепция мультидисциплинарного подхода и мультидисциплинарной медицинской помощи, которые обеспечивают своевременное, адекватное, специализированное и комплексное принятие решений. Цель исследования. Изучить опыт применения мультидисциплинарного подхода в оказании нейрохирургической помощи пациентам с опухолями хиазмально-селлярной области и оценить его эффективность. Материалы и методы. Проведен анализ публикаций по теме исследования с использованием источников, индексируемых в базах данных электронной библиотеки e-Library, Google Академия, PubMed, Web of Science и Scopus. Представлены результаты литературного обзора, направленного на изучение эффективности и особенностей организации мультидисциплинарного командного подхода в оказании нейрохирургической помощи пациентам с опухолями хиазмально-селлярной области. Результаты исследования. Мультидисциплинарный подход к лечению опухолей хиазмально-селлярной области признается «золотым стандартом» в мировой практике. Командная работа специалистов (нейрохирургов, онкологов, эндокринологов, радиотерапевтов, офтальмологов, нейрорадиологов) существенно улучшает диагностику, планирование лечения, прогноз и качество жизни пациентов. Несмотря на различия в структуре и функционировании команд в разных странах, мультидисциплинарный подход доказал свою эффективность в повышении качества лечения и снижении риска осложнений. Ключевым фактором успеха является эффективная коммуникация между различными специалистами, участвующими в работе мультидисциплинарной команды. Важными аспектами являются создание неиерархической, высокоспециализированной среды, краткое и качественное представление случая, регулярное структурированное планирование встреч (еженедельно, раз в две недели или ежемесячно в зависимости от объема случаев), а также обеспечение обязательного присутствия основных участников на этих встречах. Выводы. Проведенный литературный обзор подчеркивает, что мультидисциплинарный подход является ключевым фактором успешного лечения опухолей хиазмально-селлярной области. Командная работа нейрохирургов, онкологов, эндокринологов, радиотерапевтов, офтальмологов и нейрорадиологов обеспечивает комплексный подход, включающий точную диагностику, индивидуализированное лечение, снижение риска осложнений, улучшение качества жизни и разработку стандартов качества.
РАСПРОСТРАНЕННОСТЬ И СТРАТЕГИИ ПО ПРОФИЛАКТИКЕ ГЕСТАЦИОННОГО САХАРНОГО ДИАБЕТА: ЛИТЕРАТУРНЫЙ ОБЗОР
Authors: А.М. Макашева , Л.С. Ермуханова , Х.И. Кудабаева , С.Т. Тажбенова , К.Б. Турдалина , М.Б. Курганбекова , А.У. Бекбауова
Published: November 2024

Введение. Гестационный сахарный диабет (ГСД) является одним из наиболее распространенных осложнений беременности, затрагивая миллионы женщин по всему миру. Проблема ГСД приобрела глобальный масштаб из-за растущей распространенности ожирения и избыточного веса, которые способствуют увеличению заболеваемости диабетом среди женщин репродуктивного возраста. Различия в диагностических подходах и критериях в разных регионах мира затрудняют оценку истинной распространенности ГСД, что подчеркивает необходимость стандартизации диагностических методов и широкого внедрения профилактических мер. Цель. Провести анализ данных о распространенности, диагностических подходах и профилактике гестационного сахарного диабета, опираясь на актуальную научную литературу. Материалы и методы исследования. Для проведения анализа использовались обзоры, оригинальные статьи и метаанализы, опубликованные на английском языке за последние 10 лет. Литературный поиск осуществлялся в период с июля по сентябрь 2024 года с использованием баз данных Web of Science, PubMed и Scopus. Для поиска применялись термины MeSH, такие как «гестационный диабет», «распространенность», «диагностика» и «профилактика». Результаты. Согласно данным Международной Федерации Диабета (IDF), наибольшие показатели заболеваемости наблюдаются в странах Южной Азии и Ближнего Востока, где уровень распространенности превышает 23%. В Европе и Северной Америке, распространенность варьируется от 10,6% до 23,2%, в то время как страны с низким уровнем дохода, такие как некоторые африканские регионы, демонстрируют более низкие показатели, в пределах 2,1-10,6%. Эти различия могут быть связаны с уровнем медицинской помощи, доступностью диагностики и различными подходами к скринингу на гестационный сахарный диабет. Внедрение новых диагностических критериев, таких как критерии Международной ассоциации по диабету и беременности (IADPSG), способствует увеличению числа выявляемых случаев гестационного сахарного диабета. Выводы. Распространенность гестационного сахарного диабета продолжает расти по всему миру, особенно в развивающихся странах. Для борьбы с этой тенденцией необходимо внедрение универсальных программ скрининга и профилактики, основанных на стандартизированных диагностических критериях. Повышение осведомленности среди медицинских работников и женщин о рисках гестационного сахарного диабета, а также междисциплинарный подход к лечению могут значительно улучшить исходы для матерей и детей.
Closing the Loop for Benzylic Polyacylhydrazone(PAcHy) Soft Materials
Authors: Minus Matthew , Ufodike Chukwuzubelu , Rahman Al Mazedur , McHenry Evan , Giles Marco , Nzebuka Gaius
Published: November 2024

The earth faces a pressing environmental challenge with the annual pollution of millions of tons of plastic waste. This issue is exacerbated by the inherent characteristics of plastics, including their high thermal stability and low biodegradability. In response, the scientific community has dedicated significant efforts to combat plastic pollution and develop environmentally sustainable soft materials. A promising approach is the creation of soft materials that can be efficiently recycled within a closed-loop system, thereby minimizing their chemical impact on the environment. This study introduces polyacylhydrazones as a novel class of soft materials with the potential for closed-loop recycling. Closed-loop polymers are sought after as sustainable materials of the future. Dynamic covalent polymers have the potential to act as closed-loop materials because of their reversible linkages. However, very few materials currently exist. Polyacylhydrazones have been explored as dynamic covalent polymers with multiple uses. Herein we demonstrate the first study that shows their potential as closed-loop materials. We show novel synthetic techniques that produce hydrophobic polyacylhydrazones with unique length and morphology under kinetic control. We demonstrate preliminary potential applications. Finally, we show the facile decom-position of a benzylic hydrazone bond down to monomeric units and extraction-based separation, without the need for chromatography. This work advances our understanding of these innovative materials and validates benzylic polyacylhydrazones as “closed-loop” materials for a more sustainable future.
Intercomparison of three continuous monitoring systems on operating oil and gas sites
Authors: Daniels William , Kidd Spencer , Yang Shuting (Lydia) , Stokes Shannon , Ravikumar Arvind , Hammerling Dorit
Published: November 2024

We compare continuous monitoring systems (CMS) from three different vendors on six operating oil and gas sites in the Appalachian Basin using several months of data. We highlight similarities and differences between the three CMS solutions when deployed in the field and compare their output to concurrent top-down aerial measurements and to site-level bottom-up inventories. Furthermore, we compare vendor-provided emission rate estimates to estimates from an open-source quantification algorithm applied to the raw CMS concentration data. This experimental setup allows us to disentangle the effect of the sensor platform (i.e., sensor type and arrangement) from the quantification algorithm. We find that: 1) localization and quantification estimates rarely agree between the three CMS solutions on short time scales (i.e., 30-minutes), but temporally aggregated emission rate distributions are similar between solutions, 2) differences in emission rate distributions are generally driven by the quantification algorithm, rather than the sensor platform, 3) agreement between CMS and aerial rate estimates varies by CMS solution but is close to parity when CMS estimates are averaged across solutions, and 4) similar sites with similar bottom-up inventories do not necessarily have similar emission characteristics. These results have important implications for developing measurement-informed inventories and for incorporating CMS inferential output into emission mitigation efforts.
Synthesis of Diverse Terpenoid Frameworks via Enzyme-Enabled Abiotic Scaffold Hop
Authors: Deng Heping , Yang Junhong , Li Fuzhuo , Li Jian , Renata Hans
Published: November 2024

Owing to their structural complexity, target-oriented syntheses of natural products usually require the design of individualized routes that are tailor-made for the specific targets. As such, route re-design is needed when targets of different skeletal connectivities are considered. Here, we report a versatile synthetic strategy that runs counter to this conventional wisdom and allows access to a range of terpenoids with distinct skeletal frameworks from the sesquiterpene lactone sclareolide as the starting material. By viewing a biocatalytically-installed alcohol as an exploitable motif rather than a structural endpoint, a number of abiotic skeletal rearrangements were designed, resulting in significant structural divergence from the original drimane ring system of sclareolide. Using this approach, the syntheses of four terpenoid natural products, namely merosterolic acid B, cochlioquinone B, (+)-daucene and dolasta-1(15),8-diene, were achieved.
Triblock architecture and PEG hydrophilic blocks enable efficient thermogelation of poly(2-phenyl-2-oxazine)-based worm-gels
Authors: Ziegler Anna-Lena , Kerr Andrew , Kaps Florian T. , Luxenhofer Robert
Published: November 2024

Previously, the cooling-induced thermogelation of an amphiphilic ABA type triblock copolymer comprising a central poly(2-phenyl-2-oxazine) (pPheOzi) block flanked by hydrophilic poly(2-methyl-2-oxazoline) (pMeOx) blocks was reported. This process is based on an unusual, cooling-induced transition in polymer self-assembly from spherical to worm-like micelles, for which the PheOzi units are decisive. Here, we investigate this phenomenon further by introducing new variants of amphiphilic pPheOzi-based copolymers to explore the variability of the system. Changing the arrangement of the MeOx and PheOzi constitutional repeat units enables to investigate the influence of the polymer architecture on the thermogelation. We found that a triblock architecture is superior to diblock, gradient and star-like polymer architectures in terms of efficient order-order transition-based thermogelation. In addition, a coupling procedure based on copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition is presented that allows for a direct comparison of pMeOx and PEG as hydrophilic blocks in pPheOzi-based triblocks. Interestingly, PEG hydrophilic blocks also enable rapid worm-formation and show faster gelation as well as increased gel strength. Altogether, our findings provide basic design criteria for improved (pPheOzi-based) worm-gels. The introduced small library of pPheOzi-based copolymer variants can be used for further fundamental studies regarding thermo-responsive transitions in polymer self-assembly.
Uncovering chemical principles governing nanophase formation in ternary solvents
Authors: Ashfaq Binish , Sen Ayusman , Zarzar Lauren
Published: November 2024

Nanoscopic phases, such as oil-enriched pockets dispersed in water, have been observed in ternary mixtures of oil, water, and cosolvent in the absence of surfactants. Such nanophases are found across a portion of compositions within the single-phase region of the ternary phase diagram. However, the principles governing the formation of nanophases under certain conditions but not others, regarding both volumetric and chemical makeup, are unclear. Here, the nanophase behavior of ternary mixtures of water with a suite of cosolvents and oils containing strategically chosen functional groups is systematically analyzed to probe the role of intermolecular interactions. Dynamic light scattering is used to quantify the nanophase structure. It was found that stronger classes of intermolecular interactions such as H-bonding or n-Π* interactions between oil and cosolvent notably contribute to forming thermodynamically stable nanophases. Ternary mixtures in which the oil has only van der Waals interactions with the water and cosolvent do not stabilize nanophases detectable by dynamic light scattering. Aromatic groups favor nanophase formation. The most prominent structuring (highest number and largest sizes of nanophases) is found in water-rich compositions near the miscibility gap. This experimental study provides chemical insight into the chemical formulation of ternary solvent mixtures favoring nanophase formation.
Microdroplet fusion driving the mass formation of twisted bilayer molybdenum disulfide fragments via spontaneous liquid-liquid phase separation
Authors: Yotsuya Shotaro , Endo Takahiko , Miyata Yasumitsu , Chen Limi , Oshima Yoshifumi , Onoe Hiroaki , Ruyer-Quil Christian , Tsurusaki Akihiro , Okada Susumu , Maruyama Mina , Zheng Luwei , Wang Yaheng , Serita Kazunori , Kiriya Daisuke
Published: November 2024

The stacking of 2D materials has attracted attention from emergent properties by Moiré patterns, a degree of freedom that is artificially controlled. However, the current process of arranging Moiré patterns, which involves mechanically repeating the pick-up and restacking of 2D materials, is a non-scalable method. Here, we developed a method of mass producing twisted stacking structures of 2D materials using the cohesive motion of droplets formed via the liquid-liquid phase separation phenomenon, in which droplets spontaneously form in a uniform solution. The droplets move in the separated liquid matrix, induce the folding of 2D materials, and enable the mass production of twisted stacking structures.
A short scalable route to bis-morpholine spiroacetals and oxazepane analogues: useful 3D-scaffolds for compound library assembly
Authors: Kovari Daniel , Male Louise , Roper Kimberley , Mang Christian , Kunz Oliver , Cox Liam
Published: November 2024

sp3-Rich molecular scaffolds incorporating nitrogen heterocycles represent important starting points for the assembly of compound screening libraries and drug discovery. Herein, we report a four-step synthesis of a conformationally well-defined sp3-rich scaffold, incorporating two morpholine rings embedded within a spiroacetal framework. The synthesis involves the intermediacy of a 2-chloromethyl-substituted morpholine, accessed from readily available starting materials, namely aminoalcohols and epichlorohydrin. Base-mediated dehydrochlorination affords an exocyclic enol ether, from which the second morpholine ring is constructed in two steps. Scaffold synthesis is high-yielding and can be performed on large scale. The methodology allows ready substitution of one –or both– of the morpholine rings for 1,4-oxazepanes and the generation of 6,7- and 7,7-spiroacetal analogues, which are virtually unexplored in drug discovery. Substituted 6,6-systems can also be prepared, and in some instances, undergo acid-mediated anomerization to deliver the scaffolds in high diastereoselectivity. The two amine functionalities embedded in the 6,6- and 6,7-spiroacetal scaffolds were sequentially functionalized, allowing the generation of a diverse physical compound library. These library compounds occupy a similar chemical space to small-molecule drugs that have been approved for clinical application by the Food and Drug Administration yet are structurally dissimilar, and may therefore act upon novel targets, representing attractive starting materials for drug discovery.
Docking guidance with experimental ligand structural density improves docking pose prediction and virtual screening performance
Authors: Hansel-Harris Althea , Tillack Andreas , Santos-Martins Diogo , Holcomb Matthew , Forli Stefano
Published: November 2024

Recent advances in structural biology have led to the publica- tion of a wealth of high resolution x-ray crystallography and cryo-EM macromolecule structures, including many complexes with small molecules of interest for drug design. While it is com- mon to incorporate information from the atomic coordinates of these complexes into docking (e.g. pharmacophore models or scaffold hopping), there are limited methods to directly leverage the underlying density information. This is desirable because it does not rely on the determination of relevant coordinates, which may require expert intervention, but instead interprets all density as indicative of regions to which a ligand may be bound. To do so, we have developed CryoXKit, a tool to incorporate ex- perimental densities from either cryo-EM or x-ray crystallogra- phy as a biasing potential on heavy atoms during docking. Using this structural density guidance with AutoDock-GPU, we found significant improvements in re-docking and cross-docking, im- portant pose prediction tasks, compared with the unmodified AutoDock4 force field. Failures in cross-docking tasks are addi- tionally reflective of changes in positioning of pharmacophores in the site, suggesting it is a fundamental limitation of trans- ferring information between complexes. We additionally found, against a set of targets selected from the LIT-PCBA dataset, that rescoring of these improved poses leads to better discriminatory power in virtual screenings for selected targets. Overall, Cry- oXKit provides a user-friendly method for improving docking performance with experimental data while requiring no a pri- ori pharmacophore definition and at virtually no computational expense.
In-vitro neuroprotective potential of Celastrol compound on SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells
Authors: Moola Anil Kumar , Dindi Umamaheswara Rao , Kannan Arun , Selvam Sathish , Metta Spandana , BD Ranjitha Kumari
Published: November 2024

Celastrol, a potent natural triterpene which acted as a neuroprotective agent and was isolated from Celastrus paniculatus Willd. roots. Neuroblastoma (SH-SY5Y) cells play very important role in the study and observation of the neuroprotective effect of the isolated compound Celastrol, neuroblastoma cells have been used to study and observe the neuroprotective effect of the isolated compound Celastrol. Rotenone a renowned neurotoxin which is used to induce (stimulate) the toxicity in SH-SY5Y cells in-vitro and further, the present study underseeks the neuroprotective effect of Celastrol on SH-SY5Ycells. Our results demonstrated that Celastrol confers protection against SH-SY5Y cells from rotenone-induced toxicity inhibiting Reactive Oxygen Species generation (ROS) using DCF-DA assay and also helps in retaining Mitochondrial Membrane Potential (ΔΨm) by using Rhodamine-123. Therefore, our study indicates that Celastrol has neuroprotective effects warranting further investigations into neuroprotective potential, which may be a possible therapeutic target in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases.
Heteroaromatic Swapping in Aromatic Ketones
Authors: Nakahara Hikaru , Yamaguchi Junichiro
Published: November 2024

The modification of aromatic rings to heteroaromatic rings is a widely employed strategy in medicinal chemistry, often used to modulate lipophilicity and improve metabolic stability1,2. However, achieving a one-step, generalizable transformation of aromatic rings into diverse heteroaromatic rings—termed "Heteroaromatic Swapping"—has been a persistent challenge. Ex-isting methods, including skeletal editing3 and transition-metal-catalyzed aromatic ring exchange4,5, face significant limita-tions in substrate scope. Here, we report an efficient approach to Heteroaromatic Swapping via a Claisen/retro-Claisen mech-anism6, utilizing heteroaryl esters and aromatic ketones. This method enables the selective exchange of aromatic rings with heteroaromatic rings across a broad substrate range. Notably, it overcomes the substrate restrictions of current techniques, allowing high-yield conversions of bioactive aromatic ketones into their heteroaromatic analogs. This strategy expands the molecular editing toolkit, providing a practical and versatile approach for synthesizing bioactive compounds with improved pharmacokinetic properties.
Designing Target-Specific Datasets for Regioselectivity Predictions on Complex Substrates
Authors: Schleinitz Jules , Carretero-Cerdán Alba , Gurajapu Anjali , Harnik Yonatan , Lee Gina , Pandey Amitesh , Milo Anat , Reisman Sarah
Published: November 2024

The development of machine learning models to predict the regioselectivity of C(sp3)–H functionalization reactions is reported. A dataset for dioxirane oxidations was curated from the literature and used to generate a model to predict the regioselectivity of C–H oxidation. To assess whether smaller, intentionally designed datasets could provide ac-curacy on complex targets, a series of acquisition functions were developed to select the most informative mole-cules for the specific target. Active learning-based acquisition functions that leverage predicted reactivity and model uncertainty were found to outperform those based on molecular and site similarity alone. The use of acquisition functions for dataset elaboration significantly reduced the number of datapoints needed to perform accurate predic-tion, and it was found that smaller, machine-designed datasets can give accurate predictions when larger, randomly selected datasets fail. Finally, the workflow was experimentally validated on five complex substrates and shown to be applicable to predicting the regioselectivity of arene C–H radical borylation. These studies provide a quantitative alternative to the intuitive extrapolation from “model substrates” that is frequently used to estimate reactivity on complex molecules.
Triptycene-based 2.5D Metal-Organic Frameworks: Atomically Ac-curate Structures and One-Dimensional Antiferromagnetism from Hydrogen-Bonding Bridged Protonated Building Units
Authors: Chen Qi , Awaga Kunio , Zhang Zhongyue
Published: November 2024

Recent advances in two-dimensional π-d conjugated conductive metal-organic frameworks (2D cMOFs) have highlighted their potential as sophisticated, active materials in electrochemical energy storage devices, electrocatalysis, and sensors. However, a lack of high-quality structural characterization severely limits understanding their physical properties. Specifically, rapid and irre-versible nucleation and aggregation, induced by strong interlayer π-π interactions, have hindered crystal growth in these cMOFs. In this study, by utilizing triptycene-based ligands, 2,3,6,7,14,15-hexahydroxy triptycene (HHTripH2) and 9,10-dimethyl-2,3,6,7,14,15-hexahydroxy triptycene (HHTripMe2), we successfully mitigated interlayer π-π interactions and achieved SCXRD quality crystals of two triptycene-based 2D MOFs: Cu3(TripH2)2 and Cu3(TripMe2)2. The crystal structures reveal a protonated catechol ligand and an interlayer hydrogen-bonding-guided stacking motif. Notably, the steric effect of the two axial methyl groups in the TripMe2 ligand modifies the structure of Cu3(TripMe2)2 from regular AB stacking to interpenetration, significantly enhancing the stability of the crystals. ESR and susceptibility measurements indicate that these modifications facilitate hydrogen-bonding-guided 1D antiferromagnetic behavior in the Cu(cat)2 secondary building units (SBUs). This study reveals the critical roles of high-quality crystal structures and protonation/deprotonation of coordinating atoms in understanding the properties of 2D MOFs.
Holding a mirror to society? The socio-demographic characteristics of students commencing health professional programmes, and all courses, at Ōtākou Whakaihu Waka (the University of Otago), 1994–2023
Authors: Sise Andrew , Feeney Sam , Leonard Griffin , McDonald Gabrielle , Murray Greg , Crampton Peter
Published: November 2024

aim: To present selected key findings from a longitudinal analysis of the socio-demographic characteristics of students entering all courses at Ōtākou Whakaihu Waka (the University of Otago), all health professional programmes combined, and 11 individual health professional programmes between 1994 and 2023. method: Data sources: 1) university electronic collections of student data (programme details, demographics, schooling, home address), and 2) publicly available datasets (some socio-demographic variables). Analyses included counts and proportions of commencing students, disaggregated by time period and socio-demographic variables, and commencement rates per 100,000 population aged 18–29 years. results: During this 30-year period, there was a notable increase in the overall proportion of domestic health professional programme students who were Māori or Pacific, and an increase in enrolments of students from rural backgrounds. The socio-economic profile of incoming students remained unchanged, with students being highly skewed towards those from more socio-economically privileged backgrounds. The proportion of domestic health professional programme students who were female increased across all years, reaching nearly two-thirds by the study end. conclusion: While efforts to enhance health professional student diversity have had a positive impact, the university’s vision of a health workforce that represents Māori and the diverse contexts of Aotearoa New Zealand’s society will require long-term ongoing commitment.
Investigation of Female Menopausal Syndrome and Cognition of Hormone Replacement Therapy
Authors: Mao Xinli , Li Qian , Zhao Changhua , Zhang Zixuan
Published: November 2024

Objective: To investigate the incidence of female menopausal syndrome and the cognition of hormone replacement therapy (HRT), providing a basis for interventions for menopausal syndrome in women. Methods: From October 2021 to June 2023, a survey was conducted mainly in Guangzhou’s Huangpu District, using a cluster random sampling method to select 3,000 women who voluntarily participated. A questionnaire was used to collect general information about the participants and their awareness of HRT. Results: All 3,000 participants completed the questionnaire. The majority were aged 46–50 (51.90%), most were workers (24.40%), had a high school education (40.17%), and were married (91.20%). The most common symptoms of menopausal syndrome were insomnia, fatigue, and joint/muscle pain, with prevalence rates of 71.23%, 66.57%, and 63.57%, respectively, significantly higher than other symptoms (P < 0.05). Other symptoms included depression, mood swings, palpitations, hot flashes, and sweating. Among the participants, 64.93% were unaware of HRT, 11.63% had heard of it, 9.40% were very familiar with it, and 14.03% had used it. Healthcare professionals were the main source of HRT knowledge for the participants, with other sources including the internet, friends, media, and lectures. The moderate and severe symptom groups included 1,832 and 1,168 participants, respectively. In the severe group, follicle-stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone levels were significantly higher than in the moderate group (P < 0.05), and estradiol levels were significantly lower than in the moderate group (P < 0.05). Conclusion: The incidence of menopausal syndrome is high among middle-aged women, with common symptoms including insomnia, fatigue, and joint/muscle pain. These symptoms may be related to hormone levels. Many women lack awareness of HRT for the menopausal syndrome, with healthcare professionals being the primary source of information. To ensure women’s physical and mental health, it is necessary to strengthen education and raise awareness of health care, emphasizing early prevention and intervention to improve the quality of life for middle-aged and elderly women.
Media as Propaganda for Law Enforcement and Justice in the Philippines
Authors: Atanacio Sharmaine , Amparo Cristia Shiena S.
Published: November 2024

The poor justice system in the Philippines intensifies poverty among underprivileged people. It leaves them with no choice but to handle conflicts through Trial by Publicity or go to radio or TV stations and programs for their brawls to broadcast. The belief that immediate justice will be served made these Filipinos continuously choose these avenues to resolve disputes. This quantitative study uses the descriptive-evaluative method since this study assessed the perspectives to trial by publicity among barangay citizens, officials, and media practitioners. This study surveyed 270 respondents composed of barangay constituents and officials from the three identified barangays of Naga and media practitioners. Results showed that the barangay citizens, officials, and media practitioners are highly aware of trial by publicity regarding objectives, procedure, and judgment. It was also concluded that the trial by publicity is irrefutably one way of influencing the public through media by catching the audience’s attention, giving them what they want to be sure of without in-depth analysis and exploration.
Analysis of the ITE Law on Digital Rights and Democratic Values in Indonesia
Authors: Afisa Afisa , Qodir Zuly , Habibullah Akhmad , Sugiharto Unggul
Published: November 2024

This article aims to analyze through online mass media critically and case studies the dual nature of the passage of the Electronic Information and Transaction Law (ITE Law) as an instrument of digital rights protection and a potential threat to freedom of expression and democratic values in Indonesia. This research uses a descriptive-qualitative method to analyze data from 2020 to 2022 with NVivo 12 Plus, referencing Mazmanian and Sabatier's (1983) theory of policy implementation effectiveness. It focuses on the willingness of target groups to comply with policy outputs and the actual impact of those outputs.. Third, fundamental improvements to the law. Research shows that community compliance with the ITE Law has increased, evidenced by a decrease in cases from 2020–2022. The indicator of the Real Impact of Policy Outputs shows that the public and activists oppose implementing the ITE Law because freedom of expression is restricted. Then the indicator of fundamental improvement of the law is that the government will revise the articles of the ITE Law, especially articles 27, 28, and 29, which are considered multi-interpretive.
The Effectiveness of Cervical Sensorimotor Control Training for the Management of Chronic Neck Pain Disorders: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors:   University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Sport, Ljubljana, Slovenia, Luznik Izabela , Pajek Maja ,   University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Sport, Ljubljana, Slovenia, Sember Vedrana ,   University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Sport, Ljubljana, Slovenia, Majcen Rosker Ziva ,   University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Sport, Ljubljana, Slovenia
Published: November 2024

This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of cervical sensorimotor control training for the management of chronic neck pain (NP) disorders compared to no treatment, or other conservative or non-conservative treatments. The review was conducted following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines (PROSPERO registration number: CRD42022381714). A comprehensive database search was performed (until November 2023) for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and clinical trials evaluating the effects of cervical sensorimotor control training on several subjective and objective outcomes in adults with chronic NP (traumatic or non-traumatic origin). Data on study and patient characteristics, outcome measures, and effects on primary and secondary outcomes were extracted. Seven RCTs (409 participants) were included, of which 6 qualified for meta-analysis. Low-certainty evidence suggests that cervical sensorimotor control training is more effective for reducing pain (standardized mean difference (SMD): 0.48; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.07 to 0.89) and improving cervicocephalic kinesthesia at short term than no treatment, and for reducing kinesiophobia at intermediate term compared to other treatment modalities. No significant between-group differences were found for other outcomes and follow-ups (very low-to-moderate-certainty evidence). Considering the significant improvements in cervicocephalic kinesthesia, cervical sensorimotor control training could be an important element in the rehabilitation of patients with chronic NP disorders. However, the current evidence in the literature is scarce to draw conclusions regarding its effectiveness as a stand-alone rehabilitation program.