bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
MOOCs as a massive learning resource for a Higher Education Community. The Universitat Politècnica de València experience using the EdX remote access program
Authors: Despujol Ignacio , Castañeda Linda , Turró Carlos
Published: June 2022

During the 2020 COVID-19 lockdown, edX launched an initiative, called the Remote Access Program, to give access to free certificates for its Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs) to the communities of its partners. This paper describes the experience of a Higher Education (HE) institution in Europe participating in this initiative as a strategic action to spread MOOCs, not just as a resource to open the university educational offer but also to improve the professional development possibilities of its community. This case study explores general data about the participation of over 7,700 people (23,4% of the Universitat Politècnica de Valencia’s community) in these courses and data from participants (1,515) about their initiative perceptions. The data obtained evaluates how a university community integrates MOOCs into their day-to-day life under certain conditions and their perception of the quality and usefulness of the courses. Data shows most of the community did not have experience or knowledge about MOOCs (73%), they used it (they obtained 5,202 certificates, a 33% completion rate), they value the course quality (4.1/5) and are happy with the initiative (4.7/5), and they think MOOCs will be useful for their career (3.67/5) and will take more MOOCs in the future (98%, with 71% thinking it is worth paying for the certificate). These results remark the importance of thinking about MOOCs in HE Institutions not just as a punctual resource but as a strategic investment affecting the university teaching offer, the professional development of its community, and their social compromise.
Professionelle Kompetenz(en) von Musiklehrkräften: Ein empirisch begründetes Modell
Authors: Puffer Gabriele , Hofmann Bernhard
Published: June 2022

Der vorliegende Beitrag fasst Befunde aus mehreren Einzelstudien zusammen, in denen Aspekte der Professionalität von Musiklehrkräften unter kompetenztheoretischer Perspektive erkundet und empirisch gestützt konzeptualisiert wurden. Dazu wurde ein pragmatischer Ansatz gewählt, der deduktive und induktive Vorgehensweisen kombiniert. Ausgewählte Komponenten generischer Modelle professioneller Lehrkompetenz wurden fachspezifisch konzeptualisiert, in Testkonzepte überführt und empirisch validiert. Daten aus zwei qualitativen Studien trugen dazu bei, Anforderungen des Musik-Unterrichtens aus Sicht der Unterrichtenden zu explorieren. Auf dieser Grundlage werden Grundzüge einer Modellierung professioneller Kompetenz von Musiklehrkräften in den folgenden Bereichen vorgeschlagen: fachspezifisches Professionswissen, situationsspezifische Fähigkeiten, musikpraktisch-künstlerische Fähigkeiten und Fertigkeiten.
Postoperative Frühmaßnahmen und Rehabilitation nach operativer Arthrolyse bei Ellenbogensteife
Authors: Schoch C. , Geyer S. , Rentschler V. , Jung C. , Pfalzer F. , Ortmann H. , Beitzel K. , Burkhart K. J. , Schneider M. M.
Published: June 2022

Hintergrund

Die Ellenbogensteife stellt sowohl für den Operateur als auch für den postoperativen Nachsorger eine große Herausforderung dar. Hinsichtlich der sich anschließenden Rehabilitation und deren Inhalte besteht bis dato kein Konsens.

Ziel

Das Ziel ist es, die wichtigsten Therapieinhalte nach Arthrolyse des Ellenbogens anhand einer umfassenden Literaturrecherche evidenzbasiert zu bewerten und mit Hilfe einer Umfrage unter ausgewiesenen DVSE-Ellenbogenexperten (D-A-CH Vereinigung für Schulter- und Ellenbogenchirurgie e. V.) einen möglichen bestehenden Konsens für oder gegen spezifische Therapieinhalte zu eruieren.

Material und Methoden

Die Literatursuche erfolgte nach Leitlinien, den „health technology assessments“, systematischen Übersichtsarbeiten und klinischen Studien, die die postoperative Rehabilitation nach Arthrolyse des Ellenbogens untersuchten. Abgefragt wurden die Datenbanken des „Guidelines International Network“, diverse nationale Leitlinien, PubMed, das „Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials“, die „Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews“ und die „Physiotherapy Evidence Database“, jeweils für den Zeitraum 01/1989 bis 12/2019. Im Rahmen einer Online-Umfrage wurden allen aktiven DVSE-Mitgliedern zu spezifischen Therapieinhalten der Rehabilitation nach Arthrolyse befragt.

Ergebnisse

Im Zeitraum seit 1989 ließen sich aus 266 Artikeln 5 Reviews und 58 Originalarbeiten identifizieren, die als Grundlage zur Anfertigung einer evidenzbasierten Nachbehandlungsempfehlung dienten. In Zusammenschau aller Ergebnisse und unter Einschluss der DVSE-Mitgliedermeinungen konnte ein Grundkonzept ausgearbeitet werden.
Hartliella txitongensis (Linderniaceae), a new species from Mozambique
Authors: Osborne Jo , Datizua Castigo , Mucaleque Papin , Fischer Eberhard
Published: June 2022

Hartliella txitongensis Osborne & Eb.Fisch., a species new to science from Niassa Province in Northern Mozambique, is described and illustrated. Hartliella txitongensis is the only species of Hartliella known from outside the Upper Katanga region of the Democratic Republic of the Congo and the adjacent region of Zambia. The species is provisionally assessed as Critically Endangered under IUCN criterion B and its potential to be a metallophyte is highlighted. A key to the five species of Hartliella is provided.
Molecular heterostructure by fusing graphene nanoribbons of different lengths through a pentagon ring junction
Authors: Sun Qiang , Jiang Hao , Yan Yuyi , Fasel Roman , Ruffieux Pascal
Published: June 2022

Graphene nanoribbons (GNRs) have attracted great research interest because of their widely tunable and unique electronic properties. The required atomic precision of GNRs can be realized via on-surface synthesis method. In this work, through a surface assisted reaction we have longitudinally fused the pyrene-based graphene nanoribbons (pGNR) of different lengths by a pentagon ring junction, and built a molecular junction structure on Au (111). The electronic properties of the structure are studied by scanning tunneling spectroscopy (STS) combined with tight binding (TB) calculations. The pentagon ring junction shows a weak electronic coupling effect on graphene nanoribbons, which makes the electronic properties of the two different graphene nanoribbons connected by a pentagon ring junction analogous to type I semiconductor heterojunctions.
Invariant measures for multidimensional fractional stochastic volatility models
Authors: Gerencsér Balázs , Rásonyi Miklós
Published: June 2022

We establish convergence to an invariant measure as time tends to infinity, for a large class of (possibly non-Markovian) stochastic volatility models. Our arguments are based on a novel coupling idea for Markov chains which also extends to Markov chains in random environments in an efficient way.
Analisi costo-efficacia del neuromonitoraggio nella chirurgia della tiroide
Authors: Matarese Alessandro , Calò Pier Giorgio , Materazzi Gabriele , Villardita Viola , Iacobone Maurizio , Pino Antonella , Carcoforo Paolo , Frattini Francesco , Casaril Andrea , Del Rio Paolo , Raffaelli Marco , Lombardi Celestino Pio , Docimo Giovanni , Dionigi Gianlorenzo
Published: June 2022

Sommario

Vi sono prove sempre più rilevanti circa l’importanza di una più dettagliata valutazione dei costi delle nuove tecnologie usate in chirurgia. L’impatto innovativo della tecnologia ha il potenziale per ottenere miglioramenti clinici rivoluzionari. Tuttavia, esistono informazioni limitate sul tema costo-efficacia delle nuove strategie chirurgiche usate in chirurgia tiroidea. In questo studio descriviamo le recenti evidenze relative ai metodi di valutazione costo-efficacia delle strutture e delle funzioni per il neuromonitoraggio intraoperatorio (IONM) in chirurgia tiroidea. I nostri risultati suggeriscono che il modello di economia sanitaria, nell’elaborazione della struttura degli studi costo-efficacia relativi al neuromonitoraggio intraoperatorio, si è dimostrata realizzabile come metodo per migliorare l’efficacia della ricerca.
Olfactory and gustatory disorders in COVID-19
Authors: Klimek Ludger , Hagemann Jan , Döge Julia , Freudelsperger Laura , Cuevas Mandy , Klimek Felix , Hummel Thomas
Published: June 2022

Loss of olfaction is one of the symptoms most commonly reported by patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Although the spontaneous recovery rate is high, recent studies have shown that up to 7% of patients remain anosmic for more than 12 months after the onset of infection, leaving millions of people worldwide suffering from severe olfactory impairment. Olfactory training remains the first recommended treatment. With the continued lack of approved drug treatments, new therapeutic options are being explored. This article reviews the current state of science on COVID-19-related olfactory disorders, focusing on epidemiology, pathophysiology, cure rates, currently available treatment options, and research on new treatments.
Numerical investigation of wave-induced loads on an offshore monopile using a viscous and a potential-flow solver
Authors: Jiang Changqing , el Moctar Ould
Published: June 2022

Wave-induced loads on an offshore monopile were investigated using a viscous-flow solver and a potential-flow solver. Considered were only two steep regular wave trains, with the same height but different periods. The potential-flow approach relied on a weakly nonlinear time-domain solver (i.e., Green function). The viscous-flow solver used three solution schemes, namely, an Euler scheme that neglected the flow viscosity, a Laminar scheme that numerically integrated the full Navier–Stokes equations without a model accounting for the fluctuating portion of the velocity field, and a Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes scheme that modeled turbulent flow via a two-equation eddy-viscosity model. Numerical uncertainties of viscous-flow simulations were quantified, and computed results were validated against model test measurements. Overall, the main characteristics of wave-induced forces and bending moments were well predicted by all adopted numerical schemes. In terms of higher harmonic components, predictions only from the viscous-flow solver compared favorably to the experimental measurements, including the local free surface elevations, higher harmonic forces/moments, and the secondary wave load cycles. The effect of strong nonlinear motion of free surface on the wave-induced total loading was secondary, and the contribution from the associated viscous and turbulent effects was also very limited. Nevertheless, they attribute to the generation of higher harmonic forces/moments as well as the secondary load cycle. In addition, the effects of wave steepness on the global, first- and higher harmonic forces were addressed.
Cloud Outsourcing in the Financial Sector: An Assessment of Internal Governance Strategies on a Cloud Transaction Between a Bank and a Leading Cloud Service Provider
Authors: Anderson-Princen Jamelia M.
Published: June 2022

Cloud applications are becoming central and critical to the delivery of financial services. Despite their significance, banks face increased exposure to transaction risks related to the use of cloud services and internal and external pressures to improve their risk management practices. In this study, we use a unique data set from a bank’s cloud register to examine the effectiveness of internal governance on an ongoing cloud outsourcing transaction between a bank and cloud service provider. We employ structural equation modeling and a simple linear regression to test for transaction misalignment and causes of governance inefficiencies. We find that a strong degree of misalignment is largely due to poor design of internal controls and a weak control system that does not provide acceptable indications of residual risk likelihood. The findings indicate that cloud risks are driven not only by agency costs, but also by firm-specific risks which contribute to a number of transaction uncertainties and governance misalignment.
Through a glass darkly: race, thermal sensation and the nervous body in late colonial India
Authors: Venkat Bharat Jayram
Published: June 2022

This article explores the role of what might be termed embodied experience in generating knowledge about climate – specifically by focusing on conversations about the effects of climate on the body in late nineteenth-century India. Central to the story is the question of how race maps onto ideas about the body's capacity to register or perceive its environment, and how this question articulates with concerns about standardization and judgement in scientific practice. Focusing on tropical heat, I argue that the British body became figured in late colonial scientific discourse as a kind of sensing technology, one that was transformed by the heat that it registered. However, determining the effects of heat on the body was not always straightforward; the sensation of heat was, at moments, attributed not to heat but instead to light. At stake in this partial displacement from heat to light was not the sensation itself, nor the bodily effects it produced, but rather the mechanisms that produced these sensations and effects. Nevertheless, observing these racialized bodily effects was a way to know climate, arguably as important as recording data from thermometers. Along these lines, pigmentation became a powerful, if imperfect, marker of racial difference that was also thought to confer specific sensory capacities on some and not on others. And it was through these capacities, through the perceived ability of certain bodies (and not others) to register the effects of heat and light, that knowledge of climate became intimately tied to ideas about race and biology.
Mortality After Total Anterior Circulation Stroke: A 25-Year Observational Study
Authors: Neal J. Oliver , Hu Sherry , Reid John , Matheson Kara , Gubitz Gord , Simpkin Wendy , Christian Christine , Phillips Stephen
Published: June 2022

Background:

Mortality remains a substantial problem after acute ischemic stroke, despite advances in acute stroke treatment over the past three decades. Mortality is particularly high among patients with Total Anterior Circulation Stroke (TACS), generally representing patients with middle cerebral artery occlusions. Notably however, these patients also stand to benefit most from new therapies including endovascular thrombectomy (EVT). In this study, we aimed to examine temporal trends in, and factors associated with, 30-day in-hospital mortality after TACS.

Methods:

Information on all patients with community-onset TACS from 1994 through 2019 was extracted from a prospective acute stroke registry. Multivariate analysis was performed on the primary outcome of 30-day in-hospital mortality, as well as secondary functional outcomes.

Results:

We studied 1106 patients hospitalized for community-onset TACS, 456 (41%) of whom experienced 30-day in-hospital mortality. Over the 25 years of observation, 30-day in-hospital mortality rose and then fell. Increased odds of mortality was associated with age and stroke severity. Decreased odds of mortality was associated with alteplase therapy and EVT, as well as presentation to hospital more than 12 hours after stroke onset. Treatment with alteplase, EVT, or both was associated with higher odds of functional independence and discharge home, and shorter lengths of stay in acute care.

Conclusions:

Patients receiving alteplase, EVT, or both had lower 30-day in-hospital mortality and better functional outcomes than those who were untreated. These observational data demonstrate the benefits of recanalization therapy in routine clinical practice.
Reflexive clitics are verbal, not pronominal
Authors: McGinnis Martha
Published: June 2022

I argue that reflexive clitics are not pronominal, but verbal. Cross-linguistically, reflexive clitics can realize either an unaccusative or an unergative Voice head, both of which allow anaphoric interpretations (as suggested by the work of Reinhart and Siloni 2004, 2005). I contrast the anaphoric Voice analysis with two well-known pronominal analyses of reflexive clitics: one, proposed for French, postulating an anaphoric external argument (McGinnis 1998, Sportiche 1998), and another, proposed for Icelandic figure reflexives, postulating an expletive argument in [Spec,pP] (Wood 2014, 2015; Wood and Marantz 2017). Evidence against the external-argument analysis for French includes: a language-internal contrast between unergative and unaccusative anaphoric clauses (Labelle 2008); the absence of a c-command requirement on the licensing of anaphoric Voice; the absence of a lethal ambiguity effect with anaphoric Voice (McGinnis 1998, 2004); and the interpretation of focus constructions withseul‘only’ (Sportiche 2014, Haiden 2019). Evidence against the Icelandic expletive-argument analysis includes: the observation that not all figure reflexives have apP, or allow an impersonal passive (Moser 2021); and the difficulty of extending the analysis to other languages with reflexive clitics – in particular, the difficulty of accounting for the widespread observation that anaphoric clitics are restricted to referential dependencies involving the external argument.
Mitigating hospital-onset Clostridioides difficile: The impact of an optimized environmental hygiene program in eight hospitals
Authors: Carling Philip C. , O’Hara Lyndsay M. , Harris Anthony D. , Olmsted Russell
Published: June 2022

Objective:

To evaluate the impact of a standardized, process-validated intervention utilizing daily hospital-wide patient-zone sporicidal disinfectant cleaning on incidence density of healthcare-onset Clostridioides difficile infection (HO-CDI) standardized infection ratios (SIRs).

Design:

Multi-site, quasi-experimental study, with control hospitals and a nonequivalent dependent variable.

Setting:

The study was conducted across 8 acute-care hospitals in 6 states with stable endemic HO-CDI SIRs.

Methods:

Following an 18-month preintervention control period, each site implemented a program of daily hospital-wide sporicidal disinfectant patient zone cleaning. After a wash-in period, thoroughness of disinfection cleaning (TDC) was monitored prospectively and optimized with performance feedback utilizing a previously validated process improvement program. Mean HO-CDI SIRs were calculated by quarter for the pre- and postintervention periods for both the intervention and control hospitals. We used a difference-in-differences analysis to estimate the change in the average HO-CDI SIR and HO-CAUTI SIR for the pre- and postintervention periods.

Results:

Following the wash-in period, the TDC improved steadily for all sites and by 18 months was 93.6% for the group. The mean HO-CDI SIRs decreased from 1.03 to 0.6 (95% CI, 0.13–0.75; P = .009). In the adjusted difference-in-differences analysis in comparison to controls, there was a 0.55 reduction (95% CI, −0.77 to −0.32) in HO-CDI (P < .001) or a 50% relative decrease from baseline.

Conclusions:

This study represents the first multiple-site, quasi-experimental study with control hospitals and a nonequivalent dependent variable to evaluate a 4-component intervention on HO-CDI. Following ongoing improvement in cleaning thoroughness, there was a sustained 50% decrease in HO-CDI SIRs compared to controls.
Civic Dominion: Nation-Building in Post-Soviet Azerbaijan over 25 Years of Independence
Authors: Broers Laurence , Mahmudlu Ceyhun
Published: June 2022

This article surveys nation-building in post-Soviet Azerbaijan over the country’s first quarter-century of restored independence. It examines the core dimensions of ethno-demographic and national minority issues, language policy, and the role of religion in the development of the state’s formal ideologyAzerbaycançılıq(Azerbaijanism). The article highlights the nexus of nation-building and regime-building as a dominant trend over the last two decades, generating what we term “civic dominion”: the domination of a regime tradition, legitimated through the imagery and ideology of civic nationhood. Finally, the article considers the role of the Armenian-Azerbaijani conflict as a long-standing exception to the ostensibly civic ethos of post-Soviet Azerbaijani nation-building.
Hierarchically Regularized Entropy Balancing
Authors: Xu Yiqing , Yang Eddie
Published: June 2022

We introduce hierarchically regularized entropy balancing as an extension to entropy balancing, a reweighting method that adjusts weights for control group units to achieve covariate balance in observational studies with binary treatments. Our proposed extension expands the feature space by including higher-order terms (such as squared and cubic terms and interactions) of covariates and then achieves approximate balance on the expanded features using ridge penalties with a hierarchical structure. Compared with entropy balancing, this extension relaxes model dependency and improves the robustness of causal estimates while avoiding optimization failure or highly concentrated weights. It prevents specification searches by minimizing user discretion in selecting features to balance on and is also computationally more efficient than kernel balancing, a kernel-based covariate balancing method. We demonstrate its performance through simulations and an empirical example. We develop an open-source R package, hbal, to facilitate implementation.
Predation risk effects on larval development and adult life of Aedes aegypti mosquito
Authors: Cozzer G. D. , Rezende R. de S. , Lara T. S. , Machado G. H. , Dal Magro J. , Albeny-Simões D.
Published: June 2022

Biological control is one of the methods available for control of Aedes aegypti populations. We used experimental microcosms to evaluate the effects of actual predation and predation risk by dragonfly larvae (Odonata) on larval development, adult longevity, and adult size of Ae. aegypti. We used six treatments: control, removal, variable density cues (Cues VD), fixed density cues (Cues FD), variable density predator (Predator VD), and fixed density predator (Predator FD) (n = 5 each). Predator treatments received one dragonfly larva. Cue treatments were composed of crushed Ae. aegypti larvae released into the microcosm. For the FD treatments, we maintained a larval density of 200 individuals. The average mortality of Ae. aegypti larvae in the Predator VD treatment was used as the standard mortality for the other treatments. Mosquitoes from the Predator VD and Cues VD treatments developed faster, and adults were larger and had greater longevity compared to all other treatments, likely due to the higher food availability from larval density reduction. High larval density negatively affected larval developmental time, adult size, and longevity. Males were less sensitive to density-dependent effects. Results from this study suggest that the presence of predators may lead to the emergence of adult mosquitoes with greater fitness, causing an overall positive effect on Ae. aegypti population growth rates.
Globalization, Cities, and Firms in Twentieth-Century India
Authors: Tumbe Chinmay
Published: June 2022

This article explores the linkages between globalization, cities, and firms in twentieth-century India. Since the interwar period in the early twentieth century, India withdrew from the global economy, reintegrating only in the 1990s. This reshaped the metropolitan hierarchy in India in specific ways, whether through international migration and creation of new supply chains before 1991 or by foreign direct investment in the final decade of the twentieth century. Firms—both Indian and multinational—had to respond to different waves of globalization and accordingly made location choices that in turn shaped the urban evolution. More broadly, this article points to the relevance of integrating urban history more closely with business history in studies of globalization.
Revisiting closed asymptotic couples
Authors: Aschenbrenner Matthias , van den Dries Lou , van der Hoeven Joris
Published: June 2022

Every discrete definable subset of a closed asymptotic couple with ordered scalar field ${\boldsymbol {k}}$ is shown to be contained in a finite-dimensional ${\boldsymbol {k}}$-linear subspace of that couple. It follows that the differential-valued field $\mathbb {T}$ of transseries induces more structure on its value group than what is definable in its asymptotic couple equipped with its scalar multiplication by real numbers, where this asymptotic couple is construed as a two-sorted structure with $\mathbb {R}$ as the underlying set for the second sort.
Frontal sinus obliteration with beta-tricalcium phosphate putty: case series with long-term radiological follow up
Authors: Moore P , Kam J K T , Castle-Kirszbaum M , Tan D , Wreghitt S , Lee S , Gonzalvo C A
Published: June 2022

Objectives

Frontal sinus obliteration is often performed using fat, autologous bone or a range of synthetic materials. This paper reports the long-term clinical and radiological outcomes of frontal sinus obliteration using beta-tricalcium phosphate putty.

Methods

A retrospective audit was performed of patients who underwent frontal sinus obliteration with beta-tricalcium phosphate putty. Patient-, disease- and procedure-related data were collected. Pre- and post-operative computed tomography scans were reviewed to assess bone integration.

Results

Four patients underwent frontal sinus obliteration using beta-tricalcium phosphate putty for treatment of a cerebrospinal leak, mucocele and recalcitrant frontal sinusitis. All patients had disease resolution, with no intra- or post-operative complications reported in the 16.5-month follow up. Post-operative computed tomography scans confirmed native bone obliteration of the frontonasal ducts in all patients.

Conclusion

Beta-tricalcium phosphate putty is a safe and effective option for bone obliteration of the frontal sinus in a range of pathologies, including cerebrospinal fluid leak.
Reasonable faith and reasonable fideism
Authors: Bishop John
Published: June 2022

What is faith? And what makes faith reasonable, when it is so? I first defend approaching the question of faith and its reasonableness by starting from faith in the religious context. Next, I develop a ‘venture’ theory of a specific kind of faith of which religious – and specifically Christian – practical commitment to a whole worldview may be taken methodologically as a paradigm case. Then I consider the conditions under which faith-commitment of this general type may be reasonable. I suggest that faith-ventures of this kind are morally permissible only when they are made reasonably, with epistemic integrity. I consider the role an appeal to epistemic externalism may have in defending the epistemic integrity of venturing beyond (though not against) the available evidence. I advance a moderate fideist thesis (inspired by William James's ‘justification of faith’), and consider the debate between Jamesian fideists and evidentialists for whom epistemic integrity requires commitment to be made to truth-claims only to the extent supported by evidence for their truth.
The “Bloody Election” in Drohobycz: Violence, Urban Politics, and National Memory in an Imperial Borderland
Authors: Shanes Joshua
Published: June 2022

On 19 June 1911, dozens of Jews and Ukrainians were killed by the Austrian militia in Drohobycz at the command of the Jewish leader of the city, Jacob Feuerstein, to ensure the victory of the Jewish assimilationist candidate, aligned with the Polish elite, over the Zionist candidate. While dominating news at the time, reaching front pages around the globe, this event remains relatively unknown today even among specialists. This study for the first time explicates the history of this remarkable event while challenging the nationalist narratives that successfully shaped Jewish, Ukrainian, and Polish collective memory in its aftermath. It questions the extent of the role nationalism plays in violent political conflict, even in a seemingly hypernationalized environment, and demonstrates how nationalist rhetoric masks other motivations of actors. This microhistory builds on recent efforts to locate national indifference in the modern period, in the eye of the nationalist storm. At the same time, the success of nationalists to reframe this event in nationalist terms demonstrates how nationalism could shape historical memory and successfully push back against this indifference. The massacre demonstrates that nationalization was a gradual process, during which other identities persisted and other factors guided political events, while exposing how nationalist leaders paradoxically used such moments to obfuscate this reality and advance their own agendas.
Stability-constrained mobile manipulation planning on rough terrain
Authors: Song Jiazhi , Sharf Inna
Published: June 2022

This paper presents a hierarchical framework that allows online point-to-point dynamic-stability-constrained optimal trajectory planning of a mobile manipulator robot working on rough terrain. First, the kinematics model of a mobile manipulator robot and the zero moment point stability measure are presented as theoretical background. Then, a sampling-based quasi-static planning algorithm modified for stability guarantee and traction optimization in continuous dynamic motion is presented along with a mathematical proof. The robot’s quasi-static path is then used as an initial guess to warm start a nonlinear optimal control solver which may otherwise have difficulties finding a solution to the stability-constrained formulation efficiently. The performance and computational efficiency of the framework are demonstrated through an application to a simulated timber harvesting mobile manipulator machine working on varying terrain. The results demonstrate feasibility of online trajectory planning on varying terrain while satisfying the dynamic stability constraint. Qualitative and quantitative comparisons with existing methods are also presented.
The Evolution of Protest Repertoires in Hong Kong: Violent Tactics in the Anti-Extradition Bill Protests in 2019
Authors: Tang Thomas Yun-tong
Published: June 2022

The Anti-Extradition Bill protests in 2019 culminated in an unprecedented level of violence that departed from the established peaceful social struggles in Hong Kong. This paper examines the evolution of protest repertoires by analysing the interactions between protesters and state actors on a local and global scale. A dataset is presented to show the type, frequency and distribution of tactics. This paper reveals that structural and cultural changes as well as activists’ cognitive, affective and relational transformations at the micro- and meso-levels were pertinent to tactical radicalization. Cognitively, militant tactics were pragmatic responses to state-sponsored violence and police violence. They were also the affective outcomes of grief and anger. These processes were intertwined with the relational dynamics that advocated horizontal mobilization and that shaped, and were shaped by, the political-economic interactions between China and the West. The result was an extensive use of violent tactics alongside innovations in non-violent tactics.
Adapting the Namaste Care Program for Use with Caregivers of Community-Dwelling Older Adults with Moderate to Advanced Dementia: A Qualitative Descriptive Study
Authors: Yous Marie-Lee , Ploeg Jenny , Kaasalainen Sharon , McAiney Carrie
Published: June 2022

Family/friend caregivers are highly involved in supporting older adults with dementia who are 65 years of age or older with daily activities, especially when these older adults with dementia are living at home. There is a need for psychosocial interventions for caregivers of older adults with moderate to advanced dementia, as most interventions focus on persons at earlier stages. Namaste Care is a psychosocial, multisensory program intended to enhance quality of life for people with advanced dementia and their caregivers; however, it has not yet been adapted for use in a home setting. In this study, caregivers collaborated in adapting Namaste Care during workshops so that it could be delivered by caregivers of older adults with moderate to advanced dementia at home. Key findings were that Namaste Care resonated with the daily activities of caregivers, but that the intervention required modifications to ensure that it could be tailored to the needs and realities of caregivers and persons with dementia.
Delivering on Ideas: British Plans for Post-war Regional and International Order, January – August 1944
Authors: Ehrhardt Andrew
Published: June 2022

This article examines British planning for a post-war international order which took place throughout the spring and summer of 1944. The history of this planning process has been largely overlooked in the historiography examining both the creation of the United Nations organisation as well as British diplomacy in the period. When historians have addressed the creation of the organisation, focus has been on the efforts of the Roosevelt administration, usually at the expense of the other great and small powers who contributed in important ways. The work here describes how British officials ordered their thinking on the post-war world and assembled detailed plans for what would become the United Nations organisation. Importantly, the planning in these months involved a concurrent effort to develop an alternative ordering mechanism for the European continent – known as the ‘Western Security Group’ – which, in theory, might balance against a revanchist Germany and hostile Russia. There was thus, by the summer of 1944, a new grand strategy for the post-war period, one which rested on the seemingly paradoxical positions of a world organisation and a balance of power on the European continent. Understanding how British officials arrived at this policy – and specifically how they aligned these disparate strategic strands of regional and international planning – shines light on an important element in the intellectual thought and diplomatic practice of British statesmen in this most consequential of periods.
Altmetric score, reads, and citations in paediatric cardiology: do they correlate and what do they mean?
Authors: Loomba Rohit S. , Villarreal Enrique G. , Patel Riddhi D. , Santos-Cantu Daniela , Alanis-Garza Cordelia , Flores Saul , Farias Juan S. , Jacobs Jeffrey P.
Published: June 2022

Introduction:

The primary objective of this study was to determine whether Altmetric score, number of reads, and citations for paediatric cardiology manuscripts correlate with one another. A secondary objective was to determine the extent to which factors mediated citation number for paediatric cardiology manuscripts.

Methods:

Data for this study came from manuscripts published in Cardiology in the Young (2010–2021). Data were extracted by using data shared on the journal website. Spearman’s correlation analyses were conducted between manuscript reads, citations, and Altmetric score. Regression analyses were conducted with number of citations as the dependent variable and year of publication, publication type, number of reads, and Altmetric score as independent variables.

Results:

A total of 2642 manuscripts were included in the final analyses. Reads and citations had poor correlation (r-value 0.32); reads and Altmetric score had negligible correlation (r-value 0.26); and Altmetric score and citations had negligible correlation (r-value 0.07). Year of publication was independently associated with number of citations (β –0.95, p-value <0.01). Manuscript type was independently associated with number of citations (β 1.04, p-value <0.01). Number of reads was independently associated with citations (β 0.01, p-value <0.01). Altmetric score was independently associated with number of citations (β 0.05, p-value <0.01).

Conclusion:

This study describes the correlation of reads, citations, and Altmetric score in manuscripts published in Cardiology in the Young, demonstrating poor correlation, at best, between these metrics. Each bibliometric index seems to represent a different phenomenon of manuscript consumption. No single bibliometric index in isolation offers ample representation of manuscript consumption.
When Are Gender Quotas Fulfilled? Party Strategy and Historical Memory in Ukrainian City Elections
Authors: Thames Frank C. , Bloom Stephen
Published: June 2022

Many studies have investigated why countries adopt gender quotas for their elections. In this article, we answer a different question: why do political parties comply with gender quotas when the costs of noncompliance are absent or minimal? To answer this question, we analyze data from 1,600 party lists and 106 parties competing across 121 cities in the 2015 municipal elections in Ukraine. Our subnational approach tests whether contextual factors flagged by the broader gender literature explain variation in compliance across localities. The results of our models support our contention that Ukrainian political parties behaved strategically in terms of nominations and quota compliance. We find that urbanization and female incumbency fueled quota compliance. Parties, however, were less likely to comply with quotas in cities with more Ukrainian speakers. We suggest that the politics of memory explain this outcome, as Ukrainian speakers are more likely to remember of the costs of Soviet rule.
The Impact of COVID-19 on the Suicide Prevention Helpline in The Netherlands
Authors: van der Burgt Margot C. A. , Mérelle Saskia , Beekman Aartjan T. F. , Gilissen Renske
Published: June 2022

Abstract. Background: Although the number of suicides did not increase in 2020, there are concerns about the mental health consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic. Aims: To present the demand for the Dutch suicide prevention helpline during times of lockdown and to describe the coronavirus-related problems discussed. Methods: An observational and exploratory study analyzing the frequency of helpline requests and registration data ( n = 893 conversations). Results: Demand for the helpline did increase, but with no distinctive relation with the lockdown measures. During the first lockdown, approximately a quarter of the analyzed helpline conversations were registered as coronavirus-related by the counselors. Most frequently mentioned conversation topics were the interruption to or changes in professional help, social isolation and loss of structure, and ways to find a distraction from suicidal thoughts/rumination. Limitations: Observational study design prevents causal inferences, and demand for the helpline is impacted by multiple factors. Conclusion: These coronavirus-related problems made help-seekers vulnerable to suicidal thoughts and a reduced desire to live. That many suffered from loneliness is concerning as this contributes to the risk of suicidal ideation. The distress among help-seekers due to the sudden loss of mental health care underscores the importance of maintaining contact with those in care and lowering the threshold for help.
Increased Global Vegetation Productivity Despite Rising Atmospheric Dryness Over the Last Two Decades
Authors: Song Yang , Jiao Wenzhe , Wang Jing , Wang Lixin
Published: June 2022

Rising atmospheric dryness [vapor pressure deficit (VPD)] can limit photosynthesis and thus reduce vegetation productivity. Meanwhile, plants can benefit from global warming and the fertilization effect of carbon dioxide (CO2). There are growing interests to study climate change impacts on terrestrial vegetation. However, global vegetation productivity responses to recent climate and CO2 trends remain to be fully understood. Here, we provide a comprehensive evaluation of the relative impacts of VPD, temperature, and atmospheric CO2 concentration on global vegetation productivity over the last two decades using a robust ensemble of solar‐induced chlorophyll fluorescence (SIF) and gross primary productivity (GPP) data. We document a significant increase in global vegetation productivity with rising VPD, temperature, and atmospheric CO2 concentration over this period. For global SIF (or GPP), the decrease due to rising VPD was comparable to the increase due to warming but far less than the increase due to elevated CO2 concentration. We found that rising VPD counteracted only a small proportion (approximately 8.1%–15.0%) of the warming and CO2‐induced increase in global SIF (or GPP). Despite the sharp rise in atmospheric dryness imposing a negative impact on plants, the warming and CO2 fertilization effects contributed to a persistent and widespread increase in vegetation productivity over the majority (approximately 66.5%–72.2%) of the globally vegetated areas. Overall, our findings provide a quantitative and comprehensive attribution of rising atmospheric dryness on global vegetation productivity under concurrent climate warming and CO2 increasing.
Bridging Spatiotemporal Scales of Normal Fault Growth During Continental Extension Using High‐Resolution 3D Numerical Models
Authors: Pan Sophie , Naliboff John , Bell Rebecca , Jackson Chris
Published: June 2022

Continental extension is accommodated by the development of kilometer‐scale normal faults, which grow during meter‐scale slip events that occur over millions of years. However, reconstructing the entire lifespan of a fault remains challenging due to a lack of observational data with spatiotemporal scales that span the early stage (<106 yrs) of fault growth. Using three‐dimensional numerical simulations of continental extension and novel methods for extracting the locations of faults, we quantitatively examine the key factors controlling the growth of rift‐scale fault networks over 104–106 yrs. Early formed faults (<100 kyrs from initiation) exhibit scaling ratios consistent with those characterizing individual earthquake ruptures, before evolving to be geometrically and kinematically similar to more mature structures developed in natural fault networks. Whereas finite fault lengths are rapidly established (<100 kyrs), active deformation is transient, migrating both along‐ and across‐strike. Competing stress interactions determine the distribution of active strain, which oscillates between being distributed and localized. Higher rates of extension (10 mm yr−1) lead to more prominent stress redistributions through time, promoting episodic localized slip events. Our findings demonstrate that normal fault growth and the related occurrence of cumulative slip is more complex than that currently inferred from displacement patterns on now‐inactive structures, which only provide a space‐ and time‐averaged picture of fault kinematics and related seismic hazard.
Differentiating Fissure‐Fed Lava Flow Types and Facies Using RADAR and LiDAR: An Example From the 2014–2015 Holuhraun Lava Flow‐Field
Authors: Tolometti G. D. , Neish C. D. , Hamilton C. W. , Osinski G. R. , Kukko A. , Voigt J. R. C.
Published: June 2022

Distinguishing between lava types and facies using remote sensing data is important for interpreting the emplacement history of lava flow‐fields on Earth and other planetary bodies. Lava facies typically include a mixture of lava types and record the collective emplacement history of material preserved at a particular location. We seek to determine if lava facies in the 2014–2015 Holuhraun lava flow‐field are discernible using radar roughness analysis. Furthermore, we also seek to distinguish between lava types using high resolution Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) data. We extracted circular polarization ratios (CPR) from the Uninhabited Aerial Vehicle Synthetic Aperture Radar and cross‐polarization (VH/VV) data from the Sentinel‐1 satellite to analyze the surface roughness of three previously mapped lava facies: rubbly, spiny, and undifferentiated rubbly–spiny. Using the Kruskal‐Wallis test, we reveal that all but one pair of the facies are statistically separable. However, the populations overlap by 88%–89% for CPR and 64%–67% for VH/VV. Therefore, owing to large sample populations (n > 2 × 105), slight differences in radar data may be used to probabilistically infer the presence of a particular facies, but not directly map them. We also calculated the root‐mean‐square slope and Hurst exponents of five different lava types using LiDAR topography (5 cm/pixel). Our results show minute differences between most of the lava types, with the exception of the rubbly pāhoehoe, which is discernible at 1σ. In brief, the presence of “transitional” lava types (e.g., rubbly pāhoehoe) within fissure‐fed lava flow‐fields complicates remote sensing‐based mapping.
Experimental Radial Profiles of Early Time (<4 μs) Neutral and Ion Spectroscopic Signatures in Lightning‐Like Discharges
Authors: Passas‐Varo M. , Gordillo‐Vázquez F. J. , Sánchez J. , Kieu N.
Published: June 2022

This study presents experimental results for the radial and temporal variation of neutral and ion spectroscopic signatures emerging from the heated channel of lightning‐like discharges diagnosed with a high speed (900,000 fps) imaging spectrograph. Light emissions emanate from three regions: an inner core (up to ∼2 mm), an external sheath (up to ∼4 mm) featuring a sudden temperature increase, and further optical emissions forming a dim glow from 4 mm up to 16 mm. The optical emissions are initially (<1.11 μs) dominated by the N2 first positive system at 660.8 nm and by the N II ion line at 661.05 nm. Between 1.11 and 3.33 μs the optical emissions are dominated by Hα (656.3 nm) and O II ion (656.54 nm) lines. The N II ion line at 648.20 nm prevails in the outer dim glow region (9–12 mm) before 2.22 μs. Spectroscopic signals were used to experimentally derive the time dynamics of the electron density and electron/gas temperature radial profiles, which allowed the estimation of the early time overpressure pulse, electrical conductivity and concentrations of key molecular species (N2, NO, O2, OH, H2, N2O, NO2, HO2, O3, and H2O) along the radial axis of the heated air plasma channel. These populations were calculated from the overpressure pulse, assuming that they were produced from humid (50%) air under thermal equilibrium conditions. OH is found to be the second most abundant molecular species (after NO) directly generated by heated lightning‐like channels.
Contribution of Fire Emissions to PM2.5 and Its Transport Mechanism Over the Yungui Plateau, China During 2015–2019
Authors: Zhu Jun , Yue Xu , Che Huizheng , Xia Xiangao , Lei Yadong , Wang Jun , Zhao Tianliang , Yu Xingna , Zhou Hao , Liao Hong
Published: June 2022

Air pollution over the Yungui Plateau (YGP) in southwestern China can be caused by the transport of biomass burning aerosols from Southeast Asia; however, the magnitude and mechanisms of such long‐range transport have not been fully investigated. Here, we studied the impacts of fire emissions on vertical PM2.5 over the YGP and the transport mechanisms of PM2.5 during the fire seasons (March–April) of the neighboring Indo‐China Peninsula (ICP) region in 2015–2019 using ground‐based monitoring data, reanalysis of meteorology, and GEOS‐Chem model simulations. Average daily PM2.5 concentrations of 36.06 ± 14.86 μg m−3 were measured at 16 ground stations in the YGP with the highest value of 53.77 μg m−3 at Xishuangbanna, the nearest station to the ICP. Model simulations showed that fire emissions contributed approximately 50%–60% of the vertical PM2.5 over the YGP at a height of 3–4 km, with larger contributions in meridional than zonal cross‐sections. Four weather patterns with low pressure over the YGP were identified as favorable conditions for smoke transport. The pattern with the lowest pressure over the northern YGP and the strongest vertical wind disturbance was the most favorable for the eastward transport of fire air pollution to the YGP. Another pattern, which had the strongest southerly wind, promoted smoke aerosols to climb from eastern Myanmar and northern Laos/Vietnam to the YGP. Through these typical pathways, ICP biomass burning significantly impacted PM2.5 pollution in southwestern China.