bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparative Outcomes for Trauma Patients in Prison and the General Population
Authors: Christian A. B. , Grigorian A. , Mo J. , Yeates E. O. , Dolich M. , Chin T. L. , Schubl S. D. , Kuza C. M. , Lekawa M. , Nahmias J.
Published: March 2022

Background

Prisoners are a vulnerable population, and there are few contemporary studies that consider trauma patient outcomes within the prisoner population. Therefore, we sought to provide a descriptive analysis of prisoners involved in trauma and evaluate whether a healthcare disparity exists. We hypothesized that prisoners and non-prisoners have a similar risk of mortality and in-hospital complications after trauma.

Methods

The Trauma Quality Improvement Program (2015-2016) was queried for trauma patients based upon location inside or outside of prison at the time of injury. A multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed to compare these groups for risk of mortality—the primary outcome.

Results

From 593,818 trauma patients, 1115 were located in prison. Compared to non-prisoners, prisoner trauma patients had no significant difference in mortality (5.1 vs 6.0%, P = .204). However, after adjusting for covariates, prisoners had a shorter length of stay (LOS) (mean days, 6.3 vs 7.8, P < .001), shorter intensive care unit (ICU) LOS (mean days, 5.44 vs 5.89, P = .004), and fewer complications, including lower rates of drug/alcohol withdrawal (.4% vs 1.1%, P = .030), pneumonia (.5 vs 1.6%, P = .004), and urinary tract infections (.0 vs 1.1%, P < .001). Upon performing a multivariable logistic regression model, prisoner trauma patients had a similar associated risk of mortality compared to non-prisoners (OR 1.61, CI .52-4.94, P = .409).

Discussion

Our results suggest that prisoner trauma patients at least receive equivalent treatment in terms of mortality and may have better outcomes when considering some complications. Future prospective studies are needed to confirm these results and explore other factors, which impact prisoner patient outcomes.
The Teacher Experiences of Racialized Microaggression (TERM) Scale: Construction and Initial Validation
Authors: Powell Marvin G. , Frank Toya J. , View Jenice , Lee Christina , Williams Asia , Bradley Jay
Published: March 2022

Black teachers experience racialized microaggressions at varying levels in their professional settings. Existing measures of these microaggressions are not context specific. We developed items following a critical quantitative research inquiry approach. Item response theory (IRT) provided validation evidence for the Teacher Experiences of Racialized Microaggressions (TERM) scale. Black U.S. teachers ( n = 526) participated. Results revealed a 15-item unidimensional factor structure. IRT analyses revealed the TERM scale measured racialized microaggression levels ranging across the continuum. Use of the TERM scale has implications for understanding the racialized experiences of Black and other underrepresented teachers across other subject areas.
Tai Chi Program to Improve Glucose Control and Quality of Life for the Elderly With Type 2 Diabetes: A Meta-analysis
Authors: Wang Yanmei , Yan Jianjun , Zhang Peng , Yang Pei , Zhang Wenhui , Lu Min
Published: March 2022

Objective

To systematically evaluate the effects of Tai chi for improving elderly patients with type 2 diabetes.

Methods

According to PRISMA checklist, we conducted this standard meta-analysis. The multiple databases like Pubmed, Embase, and Cochrane databases were used to search for the relevant studies, and full-text articles involved in the evaluation of Tai chi in improving elderly patients with type 2 diabetes. Review manager 5.2 was adopted to estimate the effects of the results among selected articles. Forest plots, sensitivity analysis and funnel plot for the articles included were also conducted.

Results

Finally, 7 relevant studies were eventually satisfied the included criteria. We found that Tai chi group had lower glucose than control group (mean difference (MD)=-12.47, 95%CI [-21.20, −3.73], P=.005; I 2 = 32%), Tai chi group had higher activities-specific balance confidence (ABC) scale than control group (MD =9.26 with 95%CI [6.68, 11.83], P < .001) and Tai chi group had higher single limb standing test score than control group (MD = 8.38, 95%CI [4.02, 12.74], P = .001). The study was robust and limited publication bias was observed in this study.

Conclusion

Since we found Tai chi had better performance than usual care in improving old diabetes patients' glucose and life quality, the study supports that Tai chi can help old diabetes patients from several aspects including disease indicators, independence and life quality.
The Effects of Osteoarthritis on Depressive Symptomatology Among Older U.S. Military Veterans
Authors: Burant Christopher J. , Graham Gregory C. , Deimling Gary , Kresevic Denise , Kahana Eva , Wykle May , Kwoh C. Kent , Ibrahim Said A.
Published: March 2022

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a leading cause of disability among older adults. By 2050, approximately 60 million will suffer from arthritis adding up to a total societal cost of $65 billion. Chronic illnesses resulting in pain, and functional decline have been associated with depression in previous studies.

A causal model was developed and tested using structural equation modeling that examined depression scores of 503 older (age 50-85), male Veterans with moderate to severe symptomatic OA of the knee\hip.

The results of the structural equation modeling produced a final model of depressive symptomatology that fit the data well (Chi square = 12.23, DF = 11, p = .346; TLI = .99; CFI = 1.00; RMSEA = .02).

The findings indicate the central role that OA severity (pain, stiffness, and functional difficulties) plays in the mental health of older Veterans in terms of the level of reported depressive symptoms.
Methods for geothermal resource assessment of hot dry rock: A case study in the Gonghe Basin, China
Authors: Fu Lei , Wen Dongguang , Feng Qingda , Zhang Senqi , Ma Xin , Zhang Linyou , Shao Wei
Published: March 2022

Hot dry rock (HDR) geothermal resources are renewable energy source. Many of the findings of HDR resource evaluations have been used in energy planning and EGS design. However, to assess the amount of HDR resources in different locations, a consistent classification scheme and evaluation methods are still lacking. Considering geological credibility and economic feasibility, HDR resources are separated into three categories: vision, reserve, and exploitable. Vision and reserve are stationary resources that can be evaluated using the volume technique, and the exploitable resources can be evaluated using the numerical simulation approach. The HDR vision resource of the Gonghe Basin is evaluated to be 4.076 × 1022 J, and the reserve resource of the Qiabuqia HDR mass is evaluated to be 2.11 × 1020 J. At the Qiabuqia HDR development site, a discrete fracture network (DFN) model is applied for numerical simulation computations, which is based on the notion of local thermal nonequilibrium. The K1 and K2 wells produce varying amounts of heat due to the heterogeneous features of the fractured medium model, which is primarily due to differences in fracture density, heat exchange area, and fluid migration pattern. The categorization system and assessment technique can be used as a guide for evaluating HDR resources in the future.
How has academia responded to the urgent needs created by COVID-19? A multi-level global, regional and national analysis
Authors: Zhao Wenjing , Zhang Lin , Wang Junling , Wang Lili
Published: March 2022

In the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, gaining insights into how academia has responded to this urgent challenge is of great significance. This article presents academic response patterns at a global, regional and national level from an analysis of publication volume versus reported cases of COVID-19, scientific collaboration and research focus. We also compare academic activity associated with this newly emerging infection to that related to long-standing infections. Our results show that the research community has responded quickly to COVID-19. The highly developed countries, which have the highest number of confirmed cases, are also the major academic contributors. National-level analysis reveals diverse response patterns from different countries. Specifically, academic research in the United Kingdom remained at a relatively constant level throughout the whole year (2020), while the global share of China’s research output was prone to shift as its domestic pandemic status changed. Strong alliances have formed among countries with academic capabilities in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. The distribution of disciplines is relatively decentralised, indicating that a diverse and broad knowledge base contributes to the COVID-19 literature. Most of the analysed countries show dynamic patterns of research focus that vary over time as the pandemic evolves, except India. As one of the world’s biggest suppliers of vaccines, India makes consistent efforts on vaccine research, especially those related to pharmaceutical preparations. Our findings may serve as resources for fostering strategies to respond to future threats of pandemics.
Chinese Lesbian and Gay Adults’ Self-Reported Experiences of Negative Treatment and Violence From Family of Origin: Evidence From a Larger-Scale Study in China
Authors: Suen Yiu Tung , Wong Eliz Miu Yin , Chan Randolph C. H.
Published: March 2022

Lesbian and gay adults’ self-reported experiences of violence from family of origin in adulthood have been less examined in previous research on interpersonal violence from intimate others. In China, while it has been understood that lesbians and gay men face mounting pressure to marry and have children, there is little empirical evidence on their experiences of violence from family of origin. This paper analyzes self-reported experiences of negative treatment and violence from a larger-scale study in China of 11,048 Chinese lesbian and gay cisgender adults. The majority of Chinese lesbians and gay men felt pressure to get married and have children (70.4%), and experienced different forms of negative treatment and violence from their family members based on sexual orientation (54.2%). A significant gender difference was observed. This paper provides novel empirical evidence for the lived experiences of lesbians and gay men in China and bears implications for China’s Anti-domestic Violence Law.
Spontaneous Findings in the Reproductive System of Sexually Mature Male Cynomolgus Macaques
Authors: Vidal Justin D. , Bhaskaran Manoj , Carsillo Mary , Denham Steve , Dubay Olivia , Laing Steven , Manickam Balasubramanian , Phillips Stephanie , Werner Jonathan , Irizarry Rovira Armando R.
Published: March 2022

Sexually mature nonhuman primates are often used in nonclinical safety testing when evaluating biopharmaceuticals; however, there is limited information in historical control databases or in the published literature on the spontaneous findings in the male reproductive system. This review evaluated digital slides from the male reproductive tract (testes, epididymides, prostate, and seminal vesicles) in sexually mature cynomolgus macaques ( Macaca fascicularis; n = 255) from vehicle control groups in nonclinical toxicology studies and compared the observations with body weight, organ weight, and geographical origin. The most common microscopic findings were hypospermatogenesis and tubular dilatation in the testes; inflammatory cell infiltrate, cellular debris, and decreased sperm in the epididymides; inflammatory cell infiltrate and acinar dilatation in the prostate; and corpora amylacea and atrophy in the seminal vesicles. There were a few correlative observations in animals when grouped by weight or geographical origin: animals with lower terminal body weights (<5 kg) often displayed features of late puberty despite having sperm in the epididymis, while animals originating from Mauritius had a lower incidence of inflammatory cell infiltrates than those from Southeast Asia/China. This review provides incidence, descriptions, and photomicrographs of the common spontaneous microscopic findings in the reproductive system of mature male cynomolgus macaques.
Rosai–Dorfman disease mimicking subdural hematoma: a case report
Authors: Zhou Zhiqiang , Jian Si , Zhao Xu
Published: March 2022

Rosia–Dorfman disease (RDD) is a rare benign disease with exceedingly rare neural involvement. In this report, we describe a very rare case of intracranial RDD mimicking a subdural hematoma. The patient presented with headache and a suspected history of head injury. Head computed tomography showed a well-demarcated extra-axial crescentic hyperdense lesion along the right hemisphere convexity, and this lesion was initially mistaken for a subacute subdural hematoma with brain contusion. However, the follow-up examinations during the subsequent month did not show the natural changes characteristic of a subdural hematoma. Thus, a magnetic resonance imaging scan was performed, which showed a crescentic lesion with T1 isointensity, T2 hypointensity, and obvious homogeneous enhancement. Differential diagnoses such as lymphoma and metastases were considered, and surgery was performed. The final histopathologic examination confirmed the diagnosis of RDD. This report describes a rare presentation of RDD. RDD can mimic the appearance of a subdural hematoma and should be considered as a differential diagnosis even in patients with a history of head injury and a “classic” imaging appearance of a subdural hematoma.
Fuzzy Programming Approach for the Electric Multiple Unit Circulation Planning Problem Using Simulated Annealing
Authors: Lin Boliang , Zhao Yinan , Li Jian , Lin Ruixi
Published: March 2022

Circulation planning for electric multiple units (EMUs) is regarded as one of the key operation issues for a high-speed railway transportation system. The EMU circulation plan consists of determining the connections of trains while accomplishing the passengers’ demands. EMUs need regular maintenance at a certain interval of kilometers or minutes for safety reasons. Consequently, the circulation plan must ensure that EMU trains can reach the maintenance depots in time for their required maintenance. This paper proposes a 0-1 integer programming model for the EMU circulation plan with the aim of minimizing the total costs of the mileage losses of the EMUs, which is incurred when they undergo a maintenance check before the corresponding travel mileage reaches the limit of the cycle. Given that the accumulated travel mileage of EMUs is allowed to be 10% above the standard mileage cycle in practice, an ingenious fuzzy maintenance constraint is presented to tackle the mileage cycle constraint with a certain elasticity. The exterior penalty function is employed to deal with the fuzzy constraint and a simulated annealing (SA) heuristic is employed to solve the model. The modeling and solving approach are applied to a practical instance in the context of China’s high-speed railway system. Compared with the average travel mileage of EMU trains using the manual solution, with the SA solution an increase of 293 km was observed. It can be then concluded that the optimization method presented in this paper can effectively improve the quality of the EMU circulation plan.
Macrotexture Assessments Using Line-Laser Technology
Authors: Oracheff Alexander , Wang Guangming , Fletcher James H.
Published: March 2022

The Florida Department of Transportation (FDOT) State Materials Office measures statewide macrotexture in relation to mean profile depth (MPD). This is done using point-laser systems mounted along the driver-side wheel path of friction evaluation vehicles. Historically, point-lasers have been recognized by the FDOT to accurately measure MPD on flexible pavement. However, current point-laser technology is unable to measure the anisotropic texturing of rigid pavement, such as longitudinal diamond ground (LDG) concrete. For this reason, the FDOT purchased two LMI Technologies Gocator-2342-3B-12 line-laser systems, which have the capability of measuring longitudinal texture. As received, internal testing conducted by the FDOT had shown poor agreement between line-laser MPD and accepted reference values on both flexible and rigid pavement. Since then, a research-based approach in configuring the line-laser system to accurately assess pavement macrotexture has been completed. Results from the statewide testing showed that the updated line-laser system produced MPD values on flexible pavement with an average difference of ±5.2% when compared with the point-laser system. On rigid pavement, the updated line-laser system produced MPD values with an average difference of ±10.4% when compared with those produced by a circular track meter. Precision testing showed that the line-laser system produced repeatable results on all pavement types with an average repeatability limit, r, of 0.25 mm and reproducibility limit, R, of 0.30 mm, which was comparable to the precision results of the point-laser system.
Cause of In-Hospital Death After Weaning from Venoarterial-Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation
Authors: Bjelic Milica , Kumar Neil , Gu Yang , Chase Karin , Paic Frane , Gosev Igor
Published: March 2022

Purpose

A survival gap between weaning from venoarterial-extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VA-ECMO) and the hospital discharge has been consistently reported. The aim of this study is to investigate the clinical features of patients who underwent successful VA-ECMO decannulation at our institution and to identify the major contributors responsible for adverse outcomes.

Methods

We retrospectively reviewed all patients supported with VA-ECMO in our institution between January 2013 and June 2020. Only patients that survived VA-ECMO and underwent successful decannulation were included and dichotomized based on survival to hospital discharge: non-survivors versus survivors. The primary study outcome was the cause of death after successful VA-ECMO decannulation.

Results

Of the 262 adult patients who underwent VA-ECMO decannulation, 72 (27.5%) patients did not survive to hospital discharge. Non-survivors were older (62 vs. 54 years, p < 0.001) and suffering from many pre-existing comorbidities. Pneumonia and sepsis were the most frequent infectious complication and almost twice as likely in non-survivors. Major causes of death were: cardiovascular (31.9%), infections (25.0%) and neurological (20.8%). The survival curve demonstrated that 51.4% of our patients died within 8 days after decannulation. Multivariate analysis identified older age, central venous cannulation, pulmonary bleeding and infection, dialysis after VA-ECMO, sepsis, and ischemic stroke (OR = 7.86, 95% CI: 2.76-2.43, p < 0.001) as factors significantly predisposing to patients’ death.

Conclusion

In our study, one-third of patients decannulated off VA-ECMO did not survive to hospital discharge due to end-stage heart failure, infections or neurological injury. The first 8 post-decannulation days were recognized as a critical period where thorough strategies to prevent acquired infections and cautious support of end-organ function should be warranted. Future large-scale trials are needed to confirm our results.
Women and Finances: Exploring the Place of Women in the Chilean Financial Education Programs
Authors: Pérez-Roa Lorena , Allendes Santos , Fontecilla Catalina
Published: March 2022

This article explores the suppositions that financial education programs in Chile have on the financial behavior of low-income women. For this purpose, through a documentary analysis of the National Strategy for Financial Education (ENEF) and a series of interviews with different actors involved in the financial education program, we seek to explain how the intervention considers the role of women in the financial space, exploring the assumptions that guide the methodologies deployed in the intervention. Our results are divided in two: first, we explore the assumptions of the ENEF and the reasons that make women its priority audience; emphasizing the diagnosis, the assigned roles and the expected behavioral changes. Second, we explore the intervention methodology to account for how, through the teaching of savings and planning skills, women are expected to improve their financial skills and those of their household. We discuss how gender roles persist in these intervention spaces and the importance of incorporating feminist perspectives to think about emancipatory interventions.
Halogen-free and phosphorus-free flame retardants endow epoxy resin with high flame retardancy through crosslinking strategy
Authors: Zheng Penglun , Wang Rui , Peng Xiaoliang , Sun Jichang , Liu Huaiyin , Li Junwei , Liu Chuanbang , Jiang Lan , Liu Quanyi , Zhang Yu
Published: March 2022

Epoxy resin (EPs) has been widely used in many fields in recent years, such as electronics, adhesives, coatings, and so on, which mainly benefiting from its excellent mechanical and chemical properties, low price and easy preparation. However, conventional EPs tend to be flammable, which significantly prevents their applications especially in high flame-resistance required areas. In this work, we introduce nitrile groups and the benzoxazine ring into the flame-retardant, followed by a simple heat treatment for a multiple cross-linking reaction in EPs. The resultant halogen/phosphorus-free and environmentally friendly network not only suppress the migration of the functional flame retardants from the substrate, but also shows much enhanced flame-retardant property, including the UL-94 rate, total heat release and reduced peak heat release rate. As a result, the thermosets can pass the UL-94 V-0 rate and reach a LOI value at 32.7% at a very low addition amount (10 wt%) of this cross-linked flame retardant.
Automated Transformer fault diagnosis using infrared thermography imaging, GIST and machine learning technique
Authors: Mahami Amine , Rahmoune Chemseddine , Zair Mohamed , Bettahar Toufik , Benazzouz Djamel
Published: March 2022

Condition monitoring of electrical systems is vital in reducing maintenance costs and enhancing their reliability. By focusing on the monitoring of electrical transformers, which play a crucial role in electrical systems and are the main equipment for electrical transmission and distribution, drastic damages, undesirable loss of power and expensive curative maintenance could be avoided. In this paper, a novel noncontact and non-intrusive framework experimental method is used for the monitoring and the diagnosis of transformer faults based on an infrared thermography technique (IRT). The basic structure of this work begins with applying (IRT) to obtain a thermograph of the considered machine. Second, GIST features of the reference image and all images in the image database are extracted. At last, various faults patterns in the transformer are automatically identified using a machine learning method called Support Vector Machine (SVM). The proposed method effectiveness and capacity are evaluated based on the experimental infrared thermography (IRT) images and the diagnosis results by identifying nine sorts of electrical transformer states among which one is healthy and the remaining eight are of short circuit faults in common core winding type, and showing that it can be considered as a powerful diagnostic tool with high Classification Accuracy (CA) and stability compared to other previously used methods.
Performance deterioration of axial compressor rotor due to uniform and non-uniform surface roughness
Authors: Malhotra Ashima , Goswami Shraman , Amboor Madathil Pradeep
Published: March 2022

Surface roughness is a significant source of performance loss in gas turbine engines. The fan and compressor, being the initial components of the gas turbine engine, are more prone to surface roughness effects due to the ingestion of debris at low atmospheric conditions. This paper attempts to numerically study the impact of uniform and non-uniform surface roughness on axial compressor rotor performance. NASA rotor 37 is used as the validation test case for the numerical methodology, and the results show a good match between the experimental and computational fluid dynamics data. Detailed flow field analysis indicates that there is a reduction in rough blade performance and the overall flow turning that reduces the work done by the rotor. The location sensitivity studies shock location is the major contributor to the overall loss in the performance. Also, the study of non-uniform roughness on blade performance shows that roughness on the leading edge is the major contributor to the loss as compared to the trailing edge and so does roughness on the shroud as compared to the roughness on the hub. An interesting observation is that for the given configuration and roughness height, near the shroud, the role of the tip vortex is more pronounced than the role of surface roughness on the performance.
A longitudinal study of the psychological impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on frontline perioperative healthcare staff in an Australian tertiary public hospital
Authors: Ng Irene , Barson Elizabeth , Fisher Caroline , Segal Reny , Williams Daryl L , Krieser Roni B , Mezzavia Paul M , Lee Keat , Chen Yinwei , Sindoni Teresa , Xu Jessica , Lamb Karen , Withiel Toni
Published: March 2022

Objective

This longitudinal study examined changes in psychological outcomes of perioperative frontline healthcare workers at one of Australia’s most COVID-19 affected hospitals, following the surge and decline of a pandemic wave.

Method

A single-centred longitudinal online survey was conducted between 26 May and 17 November 2020. Recruitment was via poster advertisement and email invitation. The survey was sent out every 4 weeks, resulting in seven time-points.

Results

In total, 385 survey results were analysed from 193 staff (about 64% response rate), 72 (37%) of whom completed the survey more than once. The prevalence of moderate-to-severe anxiety and depressive symptoms peaked at 27% and 25%, respectively, during the pandemic surge. Up to 35% displayed post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms. Although not statistically significant, the trend of depressive and PTSD symptoms worsened over time, especially among females and anaesthetic/surgical trainees, despite subsidence of the pandemic curve. Technicians and anaesthetic/scrub nurses were the at-risk groups with worst psychological outcomes.

Conclusion

We found persistent mental health impacts on frontline perioperative HCWs despite subsidence of the pandemic wave. Further research is needed to determine the extent and trajectory of such impacts with larger sample sizes to determine generalisability to frontline HCWs in general.
You Think; Therefore I Am: Gender Schemas and Context in Oral Arguments at the Supreme Court, 1979–2016
Authors: Gleason Shane A. , Smart EmiLee
Published: March 2022

Attorneys’ ability to secure justice-votes is shaped by gender schemas, subconscious expectations which hold women should use more emotion than men. This poses few problems for male attorneys since men and attorneys are both expected to avoid emotion. But, women are placed in a double-bind with competing professional and personal expectations. We argue gender schemas are not static rather they change with the context of the Court. Introducing a new dataset inclusive of all oral arguments from 1979 to 2016, we utilize quantitative textual analysis and find gender schemas predict securing justice-votes as the Bar becomes more diverse and justices become more conservative. Our results raise normative concerns about female attorneys’ ability to substantively contribute to the Court’s case law.
On Rayleigh wave field induced by surface stresses under the effect of gravity
Authors: Mubaraki Ali , Prikazchikov Danila
Published: March 2022

The paper is concerned with development of the asymptotic formulation for surface wave field induced by vertical surface stress under the effect of gravity in the short-wave region. The approach relies on the methodology of hyperbolic-elliptic models for the Rayleigh wave and results in a regularly perturbed hyperbolic equation on the surface acting as a boundary condition for the elliptic equation governing decay over the interior. A special value of the Poisson’s ratio v = 0.25 is pointed out, at which the effect of gravity disappears at leading order.
Populists in power and conspiracy theories
Authors: Pirro Andrea LP , Taggart Paul
Published: March 2022

The populist use of tropes such as conspiracy theories plays an increasingly important role in their politics. Populism and conspiracy theories present a number of common traits – Manichaeanism, a sense of victimhood, and an ambivalence towards representative politics – and populists’ use of conspiracy theories is politically purposeful. Targeting a conspiring elite serves to vilify real or fictional opponents and/or shield populists from hostile attacks. Looking at three cases of populists in government – Orbán in Hungary, Trump in the United States, and Chávez in Venezuela – we examine the definition of conspiring elites (who), the circumstances under which conspiracy theories are propagated (when), and the ultimate purpose of conspiratorial framing (why). We demonstrate how populists in power use conspiracy theories to demonise and delegitimise their opponents, to promote or prolong a sense of crisis, and to rally support while distracting from possible failure.
Trauma Assessment Clinic: A virtual fracture clinic model that delivers on its PROMise!
Authors: O’ Reilly Marc , Wallace Emma , Merghani Khalid , Conlon Breda , Breathnach Oisin , Sheehan Eoin
Published: March 2022

Background

The use of virtual fracture clinics across the United Kingdom and Ireland is growing and have been shown in an increasing number of studies to be safe, cost-effective and associated with good functional outcomes and patient satisfaction rates for certain fracture types. Initially pioneered at Glasgow Royal Infirmary, many centres have adopted similar templates, or variations of, and the overall aim of this study was to assess functional outcomes and injury recovery satisfaction rates of patients discharged directly following review in a specific virtual fracture clinic model known as the Trauma Assessment Clinic (TAC).

Methods

A prospective observational study was carried out of paediatric (aged <17 years) and adult (aged >17 years) patients, with the five most commonly observed fracture types, who were discharged directly following review at the TAC in a single hospital centre over a 12 month period from January to December 2018. Primary and secondary outcomes were assessed via telephone administered questionnaires and patient reported outcome measures (PROMs).

Results

A total of 198 patients were included in the study (n = 98 paediatric and n = 100 adult). Overall, 192 (97%) patients or parents/guardians of patients stated that they either strongly agreed (n = 148, 74.9%) or agreed (n = 44, 22.1%) that they were satisfied with their own or their child's recovery from their injury at a median follow-up of 9 months post direct discharge from the TAC. Adult patients had an EQ-5D-5L index median value of 1 (range 0-1), an EQ-VAS median of 87 (range 0-100), a QuickDASH median score of 0 (range 0-100) and a median LEFS of 80 (range 0–80).

Conclusion

The virtual management of trauma patients via the TAC model is a safe and patient-centred approach to treating certain injuries and fracture patterns. This study reports excellent patient reported outcome measures and patient injury recovery satisfaction rates. The use of current available technology in tandem with up-to-date best clinical practice and guidelines play a central role in this novel care pathway.
Perceived authenticity as a vicarious justification for prejudice
Authors: White Mark H. , Crandall Christian S.
Published: March 2022

When is the expression of prejudice seen as authentic? Perceived authenticity refers to how much one judges another’s behavior to reflect the beliefs, attitudes, goals, and desires of that person. We investigate whether perceived authenticity can operate as a vicarious justification for prejudice—a way for prejudiced people to defend the prejudiced statements of others. In six studies, prejudice was positively related to perceived authenticity of similarly prejudiced statements: People are more likely to label prejudiced statements they agree with as authentic. We develop a vicarious justification account of “authentic prejudice.” People need not justify what is socially acceptable; if authenticity serves as a justification for prejudice, it will be reported only when the prejudice is nonnormative. Three studies demonstrate that the positive relationship between prejudice and perceived authenticity is heightened when the expressed prejudice is seen as unacceptable. People call “authentic” what they agree with but feel they cannot express.
“Is It Good or Bad for the Air?” Latino and Asian Pacific Islander Youth–Led Messaging and Action for Environmental Justice Through Photovoice
Authors: Evans-Agnew Robin A. , Postma Julie , Dinglasan-Panlilio Joyce , Yuwen Weichao , Reyes David , Denney Sheena , Olsen Judy
Published: March 2022

Photovoice is a powerful way to generate youth reflection and social action for health promotion. While the literature offers numerous examples of photovoice studies involving youth, they are most often engaged in taking, dialoguing, and developing phototexts, but not always in the critical next stages of planning what to do with this data, in terms of analyzing and then planning change-related strategic actions. This article describes the ways in which an intergenerational environmental justice project, as part of a larger community-based participatory research program, engaged youth through all stages of a photovoice project. Latino and Asia Pacific Islander adults recruited their own and other youth to conduct a photovoice and air sample data collection, analysis, exhibition, and evaluation activity focused on addressing indoor environmental justice threats from volatile organic chemicals. We offer lessons learned and reflect on the role of intergenerational collaboration to support youth in applying a critical lens for analyzing photovoice data and advocacy for health in their communities. We conclude with implications for photovoice practice and research.
Image to Action: Past Success, Ongoing Questions, and New Horizons for Photovoice Exhibits
Authors: Teti Michelle , Myroniuk Tyler
Published: March 2022

When participants define and share their lives through photovoice, they can potentially become empowered as experts in their health needs. Images from photovoice exhibits confront gaps between what researchers and policy makers assume people need and what people show that they need. The exhibit is bridge to action across the socioecological spectrum and a way that photovoice studies have helped affect change at individual, interpersonal, community, institutional, and policy levels. However, for this nontraditional modality of research to be most effective in achieving its goals, substantial buy-in from participants, researchers, and policy makers is necessary. Despite the great potential of photovoice exhibits, difficulties in translating findings to social action, ethical quandaries related to participant privacy and representation, and not knowing the overall impact of exhibits on viewers can severely inhibit success. Consequently, we recommend four areas to consider for the future of exhibits: (1) understanding and measuring empowerment and change that happens for participants via photovoice exhibits, (2) considering innovative and new forms of exhibits and sharing information with the public, (3) documenting exhibit processes to produce lessons learned and guides for others, and (4) exploring the ethics and impact of exhibits on photovoice audiences.
Photovoice as Counterspeech
Authors: Mamary Edward
Published: March 2022

A notorious hate group purchased anti-Muslim advertisements on buses operated by the San Francisco Municipal Transit Authority. The San Francisco Human Rights Commission engaged members of the Arab, Middle Eastern, Muslim, and South Asian communities in a photovoice project to explore the cultural identities, challenges, and resilience of community members coping with discrimination. The project provided a case example of photovoice as counterspeech and demonstrated the way in which counterspeech empowers affected communities to push back against harmful and threatening expression with resilience, cultural pride, and self-determination. Women and men in the photovoice participant group represented a wide range of backgrounds and ethnicities: Palestinian, Indian, Pakistani, and Lebanese. Religious affiliations included Muslim, Sikh, Christian, nondenominational, and agnostic. The exhibit was presented to the public in three major venues and was made available online.
Near-Infrared Fluorescence Image-Guided Surgery in Esophageal and Gastric Cancer Operations
Authors: Ekman Marcin , Girnyi Sergii , Marano Luigi , Roviello Franco , Chand Manish , Diana Michele , Polom Karol
Published: March 2022

Background

Near-infrared fluorescence image-guided surgery helps surgeons to see beyond the classical eye vision. Over the last few years, we have witnessed a revolution which has begun in the field of image-guided surgery.

Purpose, and Research design

Fluorescence technology using indocyanine green (ICG) has shown promising results in many organs, and in this review article, we wanted to discuss the 6 main domains where fluorescence image-guided surgery is currently used for esophageal and gastric cancer surgery.

Study sample and data collection

Visualization of lymphatic vessels, tumor localization, fluorescence angiography for anastomotic evaluation, thoracic duct visualization, tracheal blood flow analysis, and sentinel node biopsy are discussed.

Conclusions

It seems that this technology has already found its place in surgery. However, new possibilities and research avenues in this area will probably make it even more important in the near future.
Remote Fieldwork in Homes During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Video-Call Ethnography and Map Drawing Methods
Authors: Watson Ash , Lupton Deborah
Published: March 2022

Restrictions on physical movements and in-person encounters during the COVID-19 crisis confronted many qualitative researchers with challenges in conducting and completing projects requiring face-to-face fieldwork. An exploration of engaging in what we term ‘agile research’ in such circumstances can offer novel methodological insights for researching the social world. In this article, we discuss the changes we made to our ethnographic fieldwork in response to the introduction of a national lockdown to contain the spread of the novel coronavirus. The ‘Living with Personal Data’ project, based in Sydney, Australia, and designed well before the advent of COVID-19, explores a diverse range of people’s feelings, practices and understandings concerning home-based digital devices and the personal digital data generated with their use. Using a video ethnography ‘home tour’ and an elicitation technique involving hand-drawn maps of people’s homes, digital devices and the personal data generated with and through these devices, this approach was designed to elicit the sensory, affective and relational elements of people’s digital device and personal data use at home. The fieldwork had just commenced when stay-at-home and physical distancing orders were suddenly introduced. Our article builds on and extends a growing body of literature on conducting fieldwork in the difficult conditions of the extended COVID-19 crisis by detailing our experiences of very quickly converting an ethnographic study that was planned to be in-person to a remote approach. We describe the adaptations we made to the project using video-call software and discuss the limits and opportunities presented by this significant modification.
Research on self-reconfiguration strategy of modular spherical robot
Authors: Sun Hanxu , Li Mingzhe , Song Jingzhou , Wang Yun
Published: March 2022

Self-reconfigurable robot is a complex system composed of multiple modular robots. Aiming at high efficiency and low energy consumption of self-reconfigurable robot configuration transformation, a self-reconfiguration strategy based on module mapping of the common parts is proposed. This strategy describes the configuration of the robot in the form of a graph, and a method to determine the central node of configuration is proposed. The central node module as the starting node for comparison of different configurations, and the common part between the two configurations is reserved. Then the module closest to the target module is searched, the target configuration is reconfigured from the inside to the outside with the minimum energy consumption constraint. Finally, based on the experiment results, compared with other self-reconfiguration strategies, the proposed self-reconfiguration strategy reduces the times of reconfiguration operations and improves the reconfiguration efficiency.
Visual servoing with deep reinforcement learning for rotor unmanned helicopter
Authors: Hu Chunyang , Cao Wenping , Ning Bin
Published: March 2022

Visual servoing is a key approach to achieve visual control for the rotor unmanned helicopter. The challenges of the inaccurate matrix estimation and the target loss restrict the performance of the visual servoing control systems. This work proposes a novel visual servoing controller using the deep Q-network to achieve an efficient matrix estimation. A deep Q-network learning agent learns a policy estimating the interaction matrix for visual servoing of a rotor unmanned helicopter using continuous observation. The observation includes a combination of feature errors. The current matrix and the desired matrix constitute the action space. A well-designed reward guides the deep Q-network agent to get a policy to generate a time-varying linear combination between the current matrix and the desired matrix. Then, the interaction matrix is calculated by the linear combination. The potential mapping between the observation and the interaction matrix is learned by cascading the deep neural network layers. Experimental results show that the proposed method achieves faster convergence and lower target loss probability in tracking than the visual servoing methods with the fixed parameter.
Bureaucratic squires: A critical analysis of the construction of charismatic top-leaders
Authors: Sang Michael , Golan Oren
Published: March 2022

Top-leaders continuously struggle to cultivate their image and duly face a challenge in fulfilling their role: establishing authority among their senior followers, while maintaining productive social distance to enhance charismatic appeal. Considering this challenge, rather than focusing on leader–follower relationship, this study critically spotlights the workings of top-leader assistants, referred to as squires (Weber & Moore, 2014). Accordingly, we inquire how squires construct the charisma of top-leaders within a bureaucratic setting. Through an extensive ethnographic study in Israeli military headquarters, alongside 28 semi-structured interviews with Generals, staff officers, and personal assistants of Generals, we identified two primary strategies by which squires enhance their top-leader’s charismatic appeal: daily aggrandizing rituals and wrapping. Daily rituals that occur in meetings and visitations enhance the leader’s aura as the embodiment of authority. Wrapping is diverse acts in which squires broker the leaders’ environment and access to subalterns, thus allowing leaders to focus on their primary agenda, while elevating their perceived status. These strategies allow dyadic performance of top-leaders and squires. They intricately utilize formal and informal interactions to sustain effective distance from followers, to foster disciplined selves among senior followers. Implications of the findings regarding the role of squires as power brokers and their equivalent roles in contemporary organizations are discussed, alongside implications regarding leadership and bureaucracy research.
Judging accidental harm: Reasoning style modulates the weight of intention and harm severity
Authors: Schwartz Flora , Djeriouat Hakim , Trémolière Bastien
Published: March 2022

When judging a perpetrator who harmed someone accidentally, humans rely on distinct information pertaining to the perpetrator and victim. The present study investigates how reasoning style modulates the contribution of the victim’s harm and the perpetrator’s intention to third-party judgement of accidental harm. In two pre-registered online experiments, we simultaneously manipulated harm severity and the perpetrator’s intention. Participants completed reasoning measures as well as a moral judgement task consisting of short narratives which depicted the interaction between a perpetrator and a victim. In experiment 1, we manipulated the perpetrator’s intent to harm (accidental versus intentional harm) and the victim’s harm (mild versus severe harm). In experiment 2, we aimed to manipulate intent in accidental harm scenarios exclusively, using positive or neutral intents and manipulating harm severity (mild versus severe harm). As expected, intent and harm severity moderated participants’ moral judgement of acceptability, punishment, and blame. Most importantly, in both experiments, the perpetrator’s intent not only interacted with the outcome severity but also polarised moral judgements in participants with a more deliberative reasoning style. While moral judgements of more intuitive reasoners were less sensitive to intent, more deliberative reasoners were more forgiving of accidental harm, especially following mild harm. These findings extend previous studies by showing that reasoning style interacts with intent and harm severity to shape moral judgement of accidents.
Critical illness-related cardiac arrest: Protocol for an investigation of the incidence and outcome of cardiac arrest within intensive care units in the United Kingdom
Authors: Darnell Robert , Newell Christopher , Edwards Julia , Gendall Emma , Harrison David , Sprinckmoller Stefan , Mouncey Paul , Gould Doug , Thomas Matt
Published: March 2022

Critical illness-related cardiac arrest (CIRCA) as a distinct entity is not well described epidemiologically. There is currently a knowledge gap regarding how many occur in the UK or the impact on patient outcome. The CIRCA study is a prospective multi-centre observational cohort study of patients in the United Kingdom experiencing a cardiac arrest while in a Critical Care Unit embedded in the Case Mix Programme and National Cardiac Arrest Audit. The duration of data collection is 12 months, with surviving patients and family members receiving questionnaire follow-up at 90 days, 180 days and 12 months. This paper describes the protocol for the CIRCA study which received favourable ethical opinion from South Central – Berkshire Research Ethics Committee and approval from the Health Research Authority. Study registration is on clinicaltrials.gov (NCT04219384).