bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Effect of a Stretch-Shortening Cycle on Muscle Activation and Muscle Oxygen Consumption: A Study of History-Dependence
Authors: Caron Kevin E. , Burr Jamie F. , Power Geoffrey A.
Published: September 2020

Caron, KE, Burr, JF, and Power, GA.. The effect of a stretch-shortening cycle on muscle activation and muscle oxygen consumption: a study of history-dependence. J Strength Cond Res 34(11): 3139–3148, 2020—Stretch-shortening cycles (SSCs) are observed in a variety of human movements and are associated with increases in performance. Few studies have considered the effects of stretch-induced residual force enhancement (rFE) and shortening-induced residual force depression (rFD) during an SSC, and none have considered these properties during voluntary contractions. With force matched via a robotically resisted Smith machine, we hypothesized that in the isometric steady-state following an SSC (a) muscle activation (electromyography) of the knee and hip extensors would be greater and (b) muscle oxygen consumption be higher than the reference isometric condition (ISO), but less than the rFD condition. Subjects (n = 20, male, 24.9 ± 3.9 year) performed a squat exercise over 100–140° knee angle and a matched ISO at the top and bottom of the squat. After active shortening, the vastus medialis (VM), vastus lateralis (VL), and gluteus maximus (GM) showed activation increase in the rFD-state compared with ISO (∼15%, ∼11%, and ∼25% respectively). During the isometric steady-state following the SSC, there was no difference in activation as compared with ISO for VM, VL, but GM showed an activation increase of ∼15%. VM and VL showed an activation increase in the rFD-state compared with the isometric steady-state following SSC (∼16 and ∼10% respectively). Muscle oxygen consumption (tissue saturation index) was not different during the isometric steady-states following rFD and SSC compared with ISO. During a voluntary SSC exercise, the activation increase expected in the FD-state was attenuated, with no change in muscle oxygen consumption. The concomitant role of rFE and rFD during a voluntary position-matched SSC seems to counteract shortening-induced activation increase and may optimize movement economy.
RESÍDUOS DE ANTIBIÓTICOS NO LEITE: CAUSAS E IMPACTOS PARA A INDÚSTRIA E SAÚDE PÚBLICA
Authors: Damé Sayão Lobato Cláudio Luiz , Gil de los Santos João Rodrigo
Published: September 2020

O leite é um dos principais alimentos consumidos pela população brasileira e, para tanto, a legislação sanitária e de controle de alimentos vem sendo atualizada constantemente como forma de garantia de segurança alimentar. O leite contaminado por resíduos de antimicrobianos é considerado adulterado e impróprio para o consumo, representando prejuízos à indústria de laticínios e riscos à saúde do consumidor, já que pode acarretar uma série de prejuízos nos processos de produção industrial, além da possibilidade de desenvolvimento de reações alérgicas ou tóxicas. Este trabalho teve por objetivo discutir as causas e os impactos da presença de resíduos de antibióticos no leite, para a indústria e saúde pública.
Eriophyoid Mites (Acariformes: Eriophyoidea) Collected from Phyllostachys spp. in Hungary
Authors: Ripka G. , Kiss E. , Kontschán J. , Neményi A. , Szabó Á.
Published: September 2020

Aceria bambusae ChannaBasavanna, 1966 is reported from Hungary for the first time. The species was collected from the leaf sheaths of the introduced bamboo species, Phyllostachys rubromarginata McClure and Phyllostachys tianmuensis Z.P. Wang et N.X. Ma (both Poaceae) in Hungary. Morphological differences distinguishing this species from other bambusoid inhabiting congeners are discussed. In addition, new date-locality-host records for 3 eriophyoid species collected from 7 bamboo species are given.
Susceptibility of Avocado Fruit to Scirtothrips aurantii Faure (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) and Wind Scarring Damage in Limpopo and KwaZulu-Natal Provinces of South Africa
Authors: Bara G. T. , Laing M. D.
Published: September 2020

In South Africa, the avocado (Persea americana) is an important fruit, grown primarily for export and contributing ZAR 1.75 billion to the gross domestic product of the country. As an export driven industry, optimising exportable avocado fruit volume is a primary concern. Wind induced abrasion and damage by thrips (Thysanoptera: Thripidae), through their feeding on avocado fruit results in corky tissue development (scarring) and making the fruit unsuitable for export. The study aimed to determine the economic losses caused by these agents as well as assess different cultivar responses to scarring damage. Across cultivars, the 1.49% revenue annually due to Scirtothrips aurantii downgrading (3.86% loss factor), translating to ZAR 34.90 million (US$2.39 million). Packhouse study results showed that both thrips and wind abrasion damage accounted for 30% scarring damage, a loss factor of 13.72% and a combined revenue loss of 5.57%. The cultivar ‘Pinkerton’ showed the greatest susceptibility to scarring damage by both wind and S. aurantii whilst the cultivar ‘Carmen®-Hass’ showed a natural predisposition to higher levels of thrips damage. The presence of macadamia trees near avocado trees predisposes avocado fruit to S. aurantii damage.
Rediscovery of Cenopalpus lineola (Canestrini and Fanzago, 1876) in Hungary (Acari Tenuipalpidae)
Authors: Kontschán J. , Kiss E. , Ripka G.
Published: September 2020

The pine pest, Cenopalpus lineola (Canestrini and Fanzago, 1876) was discovered after 45 years again in Hungary. Proto-, deutonymphs, male and female specimens were collected, therefore a new and detailed re-description are presented with description of the leg chaetotaxy of the immature stages.
Haydn biography by a Milanese musician from the time of the Napoleonic wars
Authors: Szerző Katalin
Published: September 2020

The article discusses the German translation of Giuseppe Carpani’s Haydn biography of 1812. While notes on Haydn by the two German biographers Dies and Griesinger are regularly quoted and considered authentic despite the fact that their authors were good observers but not musicians, musicology pays little attention to the third contemporary Haydn biography by the musician Carpani (1752[?]–1825). He was looked upon with distrust and it reflected on him in intellectual circles that his book on Haydn was plagiarized under a pseudonym right after its publication by an author who later acquired world fame as Stendhal.
Theory and practice of constructive solutions technological justification for railway objects via the use of an expert system
Authors: Polyanskiy Aleksey
Published: September 2020

In this article, we present the abstract theorem and the feasibility for the implementation of the technological justification of the structural concept for track railway line objects using the expert system. Railway construction as a complex dynamic system requires certain resources for maintaining it. At the same time, it is characterized by the use of new, more advanced design solutions, materials, and technologies, the performers’ specialization development, and the attendant large number of participants in the technological process. Key role in these conditions gets effective standard operating procedures control, procedures that performed during the railway facilities construction. This can be achieved by improving the existing engineering and technical support system for railway construction by introducing an engineering and intellectual support subsystem for the technological processes of railway facilities construction. One of the tasks of technological processes engineering and intellectual support is the effective use of automated systems with artificial intelligence elements. Creation and implementation of automated systems with artificial intelligence elements are focused on achieving a single final result: a finished railway track facility of the corresponding functional purpose within the established deadlines planned prime cost and labor contribution and also up to date safety requirements throughout the entire operation period.
Within the scope of the methodology formation for engineering and intellectual support of railway construction technological processes, the stages of constructive solutions technological substantiation for railway objects were considered, and the railway construction technological features were determined. The procedure for the railway track object decomposition into structural elements is described here. The results obtained at the decomposition stage made it possible to determine the possibilities of using expert systems to develop a technological process for the railway track object construction. With account taken of special factors relating to formalization series of tasks at hand. By the aid of the expert system, which was built based on the knowledge representation production model, was developed and described methodology for generating a construction works nomenclature. Based on theoretical research results, practical aspects of the technological substantiation implementation of design solutions using an expert system were presented here through the example of the railway roadbed flooded carn construction.
During dissertation research done by the author, were obtained results that were presented in this article.
Cylindrical body temperature field simulation which made in the transitional thermal process conditions out of polymer material
Authors: Petrova Liliya , Gavrilova Tatyana
Published: September 2020

The advancing requirements for strength, relaxation, thermophysical, electrical, and other structural elements characteristics actualizes the polymer composite material use for the soft part and node point manufacture, which improves performance index. This paper reported the need to take into account relaxation phenomena in predicting the body’s thermal field development that is made of polymeric materials, and the thermal relaxation time and the thermal damping time proportional to the duration of transient thermal process certain periods.
In this article three-period thermal process in a cylindrical body mathematical model is presented. cylindrical body made of a low-heat-conducting material by using a heat conduction hyperbolic equation that is reflecting the heat flow relaxation and thermal damping phenomenon.
A numerical solution to the problem of unsteady heat conduction in a circular disk for a two-phase delay equation is presented, which is based on the grid method implementation by using a three-layer implicit difference scheme and the finite difference method use. Calculation formulas for the run-through coefficients as well as the temperature values at the outer boundaries are concluded using the boundary conditions approximation for the intermediate and upper time layers, taking into account the multi-period of the process. The implementation of the modified run-through method when solving the non-stationary heat conduction problem in a cylindrical body, taking into account the finite heat propagation speed and thermal damping is described.
The calculation results for the cylindrical body temperature field are obtained by using the polymethyl methacrylate example upon sudden heating based on a model with a two-phase delay. The results presented in this paper aid in an increase in predicting temperature field accuracy in polymer composite materials in the transient thermal processes study.
A DUPLA HERMENÊUTICA DA SOCIOLOGIA DA EDUCAÇÃO: A EDUCAÇÃO DAS NOVAS GERAÇÕES E A ORGANIZAÇÃO ESCOLAR
Authors: Burgos Marcelo Baumann
Published: September 2020

Resumo A relação entre a sociologia e a área da educação tem sido atravessada por fronteiras mal compreendidas, que comprometem a complementariedade entre elas. No caso brasileiro, essa situação tem deixado expostas dimensões sociológicas que fazem falta aos profissionais da escola. Neste texto, abordamos essa questão situando o debate a partir da noção de “dupla hermenêutica”, nos termos de Giddens, a fim de delimitar o problema da responsabilidade da sociologia com as questões propriamente escolares. Para melhor expor a proposta, o artigo explora três eixos analíticos, a saber: o processo de afirmação da educação escolar como um valor cada vez mais importante na vida popular; os conflitos entre a escola e os direitos das crianças vigentes desde o ECA; e as novas formas de desigualdade produzidas pela escola na trajetória de jovens de classes populares.
IMPACTOS DAS UNIDADES DE POLÍCIA PACIFICADORA (UPP) SOBRE COTIDIANOS ESCOLARES
Authors: Ribeiro Eduardo
Published: September 2020

Resumo O estudo procurou observar o que ocorre com cotidianos escolares quando há uma abrupta redução da violência no entorno das escolas, supostamente promovida pela instalação das Unidades de Polícia Pacificadora (UPP), política de segurança pública iniciada no final de 2008. Foi testado o efeito das UPPs sobre o número médio de dias de aula perdidos especificamente por conta da violência no entorno da escola, uma medida direta da influência da violência armada sobre as rotinas diárias das comunidades escolares. Registrou-se uma redução nas interrupções das aulas decorrentes da violência. Novos estudos deverão avaliar possíveis efeitos de médio e longo prazo das UPPs, bem como os efeitos de sua queda e das políticas subsequentes de intensificação dos enfrentamentos armados.
A experiência do trabalho voluntário e colaborativo em saúde mental e atenção psicossocial na COVID-19
Authors: Kabad Juliana Fernandes , Noal Débora da Silva , Passos Maria Fabiana Damasio , Melo Bernardo Dolabella , Pereira Daphne Rodrigues , Serpeloni Fernanda , Souza Michele Souza e , Kadri Michele Rocha El , Lima Carolyne Cesar , Magrin Nicolly Papacidero , Freitas Carlos Machado
Published: September 2020

O Brasil é um dos países com maior número de casos e óbitos na pandemia por COVID-19, e seus impactos representam múltiplos desafios para a saúde mental. Esta comunicação relata a experiência de conformação emergencial do Grupo de Trabalho (GT) voluntário e colaborativo em saúde mental e atenção psicossocial, com objetivo de fornecer respostas rápidas aos serviços de saúde no contexto da COVID-19. O trabalho envolveu a identificação e sistematização de evidências atualizadas da literatura científica sobre saúde mental e atenção psicossocial em situações de emergências em saúde pública e pandemias, a constituição de uma rede envolvendo 117 pesquisadores e 25 instituições, além da organização de temas para elaboração de materiais, tendo como referência as fases de resposta em emergências em saúde pública e pandemias. Em menos de 60 dias foram publicados 18 documentos técnicos norteadores, englobando desde a organização e gestão dos serviços voltados aos diferentes grupos vulneráveis, ações que se tornaram referência em instituições e serviços de saúde, tendo sido também lançado um curso nacional sobre saúde mental e atenção psicossocial na COVID-19, com mais de 60 mil inscritos. Da experiência, são destacados tópicos para reflexão e contribuição para futuras ações, envolvendo translação do conhecimento nesta e em próximas emergências em saúde pública e pandemias: (1) combinar o trabalho voluntário e colaborativo com o envolvimento de profissionais experientes na organização de serviços e atenção em eventos passados; (2) contar com o suporte e recursos institucionais; (3) envolver a constituição de redes de profissionais e instituições para atingir rapidez e credibilidade no trabalho; (4) para as respostas às necessidades urgentes, deve-se envolver também a capacidade de moldar caminhos para a atenção e os cuidados em saúde mental e atenção psicossocial.
Desigualdades raciais e a morte como horizonte: considerações sobre a COVID-19 e o racismo estrutural
Authors: Oliveira Roberta Gondim de , Cunha Ana Paula da , Gadelha Ana Giselle dos Santos , Carpio Christiane Goulart , Oliveira Rachel Barros de , Corrêa Roseane Maria
Published: September 2020

A incidência e mortalidade por COVID-19 em países com fortes desigualdades sociais se diferenciam em termos populacionais. Em países com histórico e tradição colonial como o Brasil, os marcadores sociais das diferenças têm profunda ancoragem na demarcação racial, sobre a qual agem as dinâmicas e os processos político-sociais fundados no racismo estrutural. Contrapõe-se a narrativas que propõem uma leitura sobre ser esta uma pandemia democrática, cujo argumento se alinha à retórica da democracia racial que corresponde a uma potente estratégia de manutenção do lugar de populações racializadas, como indígenas e negros, uma produção da colonialidade moderna. Este ensaio debruça sobre o comportamento da pandemia em relação à população negra no Brasil, em diálogo com aportes decoloniais e de leituras críticas sobre o racismo. Discutem-se respostas governamentais e indicadores da doença, segundo o quesito raça/cor, demonstrando a manutenção de tramas e enredos históricos que seguem vulnerabilizando e inviabilizando vidas negras. Aponta-se também para a importância de movimentos de resistência locais, operados a partir do lugar que esses sujeitos ocupam, os espaços urbanos precarizados por ação/omissão do Estado - as favelas.
Medidas de distanciamento social para o enfrentamento da COVID-19 no Brasil: caracterização e análise epidemiológica por estado
Authors: Silva Lara Lívia Santos da , Lima Alex Felipe Rodrigues , Polli Démerson André , Razia Paulo Fellipe Silvério , Pavão Luis Felipe Alvim , Cavalcanti Marco Antônio Freitas de Hollanda , Toscano Cristiana Maria
Published: September 2020

Medidas de distanciamento social vêm sendo amplamente adotadas para mitigar a pandemia da COVID-19. No entanto, pouco se sabe quanto ao seu impacto no momento da implementação, abrangência e duração da vigência das medidas. O objetivo deste estudo foi caracterizar as medidas de distanciamento social implementadas pelas Unidades da Federação (UF) brasileiras, incluindo o tipo de medida e o momento de sua adoção. Trata-se de um estudo descritivo com caracterização do tipo, momento cronológico e epidemiológico da implementação e abrangência das medidas. O levantamento das medidas foi realizado por meio de buscas em sites oficiais das Secretarias de Governo e no Diário Oficial de cada UF. Os números de casos e óbitos por COVID-19 foram obtidos de uma plataforma de informações oficiais. Consideramos as seguintes categorias de medidas de distanciamento social: suspensão de eventos, suspensão de aulas, quarentena para grupos de risco, paralisação econômica (parcial ou plena), restrição de transporte e quarentena para a população. O momento de implementação considerou a data cronológica e também o momento epidemiológico, levando em conta o tempo após o décimo caso ou primeiro óbito por COVID-19 em cada UF. Todas as UF implementaram medidas de distanciamento, em sua maioria durante a segunda quinzena de março de 2020. Paralisação econômica foi implementada precocemente, anterior ao décimo caso por 67% e anterior ao primeiro óbito por COVID-19 por 89% das UF. As medidas de distanciamento social foram amplamente implementadas no Brasil, de maneira precoce, antes ou na fase inicial da curva de crescimento exponencial de casos e óbitos por COVID-19 na grande maioria das UF.
Clubes de convergência e drivers de catching-up dos municípios brasileiros 2000-2010
Authors: Lima Sergiany da Silva , Ruiz Ana Urraca
Published: September 2020

Resumo Esse trabalho tem como objetivo analisar o processo de convergência municipal entre 2000 e 2010 à luz de 2 modelos de inspiração neoclássica: β-convergência intraclube e β-catching-up interclubes. Ambos são estimados a partir de uma função de crescimento neoclássica com resíduo endogeneizado por variáveis relativas a drivers tecnológicos. O β-convergência intraclube determina os clubes de convergência municipal. Já o β-catching-up estima mudanças na probabilidade de convergência dos clubes Atrasado e Intermediário com respeito ao Clube Avançado. Os resultados mais relevantes são: (i) formação de clubes de convergência municipais; (ii) constatação de um processo de divergência entre clubes; (iii) as principais variáveis que explicam a probabilidade de catching-up dos municípios retardatários são as relativas aos drivers tecnológicos. Isso significa que, à medida que a capacitação tecnológica se concentra nos clubes mais avançados, as desigualdades econômicas derivadas dos gaps tecnológicos tendem a permanecer.
Alienation and fetishism in Karl Marx’s critique of political economy
Authors: Pimenta Tomás Lima
Published: September 2020

Abstract: This paper explores the connection between the concepts of alienation and commodity fetishism in the work of Karl Marx and their role in his critique of political economy. It analyses the different types of alienation present in his early work, linking them to the issue of fetishism in his mature work, and shows how the notion of alienation is subsumed by his theory of fetishism. In its conclusion, the paper attempts to establish the fundamental characteristics of commodity fetishism and the manner in which this concept expresses a radical criticism of modernity. Finally, the paper demonstrates that the critique of modernity and its modes of socialization, as Marx understood it, required engagement with and criticism of political economists, given that the modern mechanisms of alienation and fetishism are fundamentally grounded upon economic practices.
Combined supplementation of chromium-yeast and selenium-yeast on finishing barrows
Authors: Rodrigues Gabriela Puhl , Kiefer Charles , Nascimento Karina Márcia Ribeiro de Souza , Corassa Anderson , Garcia Elis Regina de Moraes , Marçal Danilo Alves , Silva Camilla Mendonça , Rocha Gabriel Cipriano
Published: September 2020

ABSTRACT: The present study was performed to evaluate the association of chromium-yeast and selenium-yeast as nutritional additives to enhance performance and quantitative characteristics in the carcass of finishing barrows. A total of 48 barrows, commercial hybrid, with initial weight of 68.3±3.5 kg and final weight of 99.6±3.6 kg, were utilized for the study. The animals were distributed in a randomized complete block design, consisting of three levels of chromium-yeast and selenium-yeast (i.e., without supplementation of chromium-yeast and selenium-yeast, supplementation of 0.4 mg kg-1 chromium-yeast and 0.3 mg kg-1 selenium-yeast, and supplementation of 0.8 mg kg-1 chromium-yeast and 0.6 mg kg-1 selenium-yeast) with eight replicates and two animals per experimental unit. The supplementation of chromium and selenium-yeast did not significantly affect (P>0.05) the average daily feed intake, digestible lysine, crude protein and metabolizable energy intake, average daily weight gain, feed conversion, weight and carcass length, back fat thickness, muscle depth, percentage and amount of lean meat, and carcass allowance. These findings suggest that supplementation of chromium and selenium-yeast does not affect the performance or quantitative characteristics in the carcass of finishing barrows.
Meta-analysis of recommended digestible lysine levels for primiparous lactating sows
Authors: Garcia Amélia Maria Lima , Kiefer Charles , Nascimento Karina Márcia Ribeiro de Souza , Lehnen Cheila Roberta , Hauschild Luciano , Silva Camilla Mendonça , Alencar Stephan Alexander da Silva , Rodrigues Gabriela Puhl
Published: September 2020

ABSTRACT: A meta-analysis was carried out to evaluate the recommended levels of digestible lysine and its influence on the productive performance of primiparous lactating sows. The database consisted of 26 publications, 138 diets and 3,820 sows was developed from articles on the association between, lysine, crude protein and lactating primiparous sows. The digestible lysine levels of the studies ranged from 0.22 to 1.43% with average values of 0.85% digestible lysine in the diet, with consumption of 41.25 g day-1. The digestible lysine intake of sows was positively correlated (P<0.05) with feed intake, essential amino acids, crude protein, metabolizable energy, body weight loss sows, milk production, number and weight of piglets at weaning. Digestible lysine intake showed negative correlation (P<0.05) with backfat thickness at weaning and weaning to oestrus interval. It was observed a quadratic effect (P<0.01) of body weight loss sow and daily weight gain of piglets and a quadratic effect (P<0.01) in the weight of piglets at weaning due to increased dietary lysine level. The level of 1.04% of digestible lysine indicates less weight loss sows. The greater weight of piglets at weaning and increased daily weight gain of piglets was verified with the addition of 1.30 and 1.07% digestible lysine in the diet, respectively.
Canopy structure and morphogenesis of Italian ryegrass intercropped with red clover under cutting intervals determined by thermal sum
Authors: Ongaratto Fernando , Rocha Marta Gomes da , Pötter Luciana , Bergoli Tuani Lopes , Severo Paula de Oliveira , Dutra Juliana Squizani , Machado Juliana Missio , Dotto Lisiani Rorato , Martini Amanda Carneiro , Oliveira Eduarda Proença de
Published: September 2020

ABSTRACT: The canopy structure and morphogenesis of ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) was investigated after it was over seeded with Tifton 85 (Cynodon spp.) and intercropped with red clover (Trifolium pratense L.). Time intervals between cuts were determined by different thermal sums (125, 250, 375, and 500 degree-days [DD]). Cuts were conducted at a height equivalent to 50% of the average canopy height. Morphogenic and structural data were collected from July to October of 2016 and 2017, from a completely randomized block experimental design. Canopy height, extended tiller height, pseudostem length, and forage mass were fitted to linear equations according to the thermal sums. Interaction of ryegrass with red clover was the highest (12.1%) for longer cut intervals (375 and 500 DD). The leaf appearance rate (0.0080 leaf/DD), phyllochron value (128.8 DD), and senescence rate (0.10 cm/DD) of ryegrass were comparable between the different intervals. The slowest elongation rate (0.06 cm/DD) with the shortest interval duration between cuts (171.6 DD) was observed in the 125 DD interval. According to the findings from this 2-year experiment, the use of a 250 DD cut interval was recommended between grazing events, taking into account the efficiency of forage use, ryegrass leaf, stem ratio, and interactions with red clover in the canopy under rotational stocking.
Avaliação da Gestão do Programa Nacional de Alimentação Escolar sob a ótica do fomento da agricultura familiar
Authors: Porrua Priscila , Kazama Daniele Cristina da Silva , Gabriel Cristine Garcia , Rockenbach Gabriele , Calvo Maria Cristina Marino , Machado Patrícia de Oliveira , Neves Janaina das , Weiss Ruan
Published: September 2020

Resumo Introdução A compra institucional para a alimentação escolar é uma oportunidade de incentivo a novas cadeias de abastecimento, sobretudo em nível local. Objetivo Avaliar a gestão municipal do Programa Nacional de Alimentação Escolar (PNAE) relacionada ao fomento e aquisição de alimentos da agricultura familiar. Método Foi realizado levantamento bibliográfico de estudos avaliativos no âmbito do PNAE para seleção dos indicadores e medidas pertinentes ao objeto e desenvolvido um modelo avaliativo. O modelo avaliativo foi pactuado após submissão a oficinas de consenso. Foi elaborado um questionário e enviado por meio eletrônico a 18 municípios de Santa Catarina. A amostra foi definida de forma intencional, e os municípios selecionados por meio de sorteio. Para avaliar as ações da gestão municipal do PNAE destinadas ao fomento e aquisição de alimentos da agricultura familiar, foram utilizados 5 indicadores, 9 medidas e suas respectivas questões. Resultados A avaliação dos municípios foi predominantemente “regular” (88%; n=14). Conclusão A avaliação apontou fragilidades da gestão municipal em relação ao desconhecimento da legislação e não aplicabilidade dos critérios previstos em normativa, especialmente quanto ao Planejamento de Cardápios, realização de Chamada Pública e seleção dos Projetos de Venda.
Bilateral pyelonephritis due to Escherichia coli infection in a captive jaguar (Panthera onca)
Authors: Wronski Julia G. , Argenta Fernando F. , Raiter Jacqueline , Ehlers Luiza P. , Sala Rafaella D.V. , Siqueira Franciele M. , Cardoso Diego F. , Sonne Luciana , Pavarini Saulo P.
Published: September 2020

ABSTRACT: Extraintestinal pathogenic Escherichia coli (ExPEC) is a highly diverse pathotype of E. coli which colonizes the intestine, and it is considered an important etiological agent associated with bacteremia and other systemic infections, among them urinary tract infection. Retrospective studies evaluating morbidity and mortality of nondomestic felids have demonstrated that urinary tract diseases are among the main causes of death for geriatric animals. Also, mesenchymal neoplasms of the uterus are common in wild felids, and they possess variable morphologic characteristics related to invasiveness and malignancy. This report describes a case of bilateral pyelonephritis due to extraintestinal uropathogenic E. coli infection in a captive jaguar (Panthera onca). The diagnosis was confirmed through pathological, bacterial and immunohistochemical findings. According to molecular analysis, this E. coli strain was classified in the phylogroup F, possessing the following virulence-associated genes: usp, cnf-1, hlyA, papC and sfa. Additionally, this E. coli was highly resistant to β-lactams and first-generation cephalosporin. This jaguar also presented a uterine leiomyoma with distinct distribution, and severe degenerative articular disease, both of them described as frequently seen lesions in geriatric animals from the Panthera genus.
Genetics of dementia: insights from Latin America
Authors: Ramos Claudia , Aguillon David , Cordano Christian , Lopera Francisco
Published: September 2020

ABSTRACT. Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD) are neurodegenerative disorders that result in a significant burden to both patients and caregivers. By 2050, the number of people with dementia in Latin America will increase 4-fold. A deep understanding of the relevant genetic factors of AD and FTD is fundamental to tackle this reality through prevention. A review of different genetic variants that cause AD or FTD in Latin America was conducted. We searched Medline and PubMed databases using the keywords “Alzheimer’s disease,” “frontotemporal dementia,” “mutation,” “America,” and “Latin America,” besides specific Latin American countries. Forty-five items were chosen and analyzed. PSEN1 mutations are the commonest cause of genetic early-onset Alzheimer’s disease (EOAD), followed by PSEN2 and APP mutations. Genetic FTD can be mainly explained by GRN and MAPT mutations, as well as C9orf72 G4C2 repeat expansion. APOE ε4 can modify the prevalence and incidence of late-onset Alzheimer’s disease (LOAD), in addition to the cognitive performance in affected carriers.
Subjective cognitive decline as a predictor of future cognitive decline: a systematic review
Authors: Parfenov Vladimir Anatolevich , Zakharov Vladimir Vladimirovich , Kabaeva Anastasia Romanovna , Vakhnina Natalya Vasilyevna
Published: September 2020

ABSTRACT. Over 44 million people suffer from dementia around the world. Researchers estimated that there will be 48.1 million people with dementia by 2020 and 90.3 million by 2040. In addition to dementia, mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and subjective cognitive decline (SCD) relate to cognitive impairment. It has been established that MCI precedes dementia, however the significance of SCD is still unclear. Recent studies suggest that SCD could be a risk factor for objective cognitive impairment. SCD is defined as а self-estimated decline in cognitive capacity in comparison to an individual’s previous level of functioning, which cannot be determined by neuropsychological tests. Objectives: To perform a systematic review of prospective longitudinal cohort studies that assessed the risk of MCI and dementia among people with SCD. Methods: A search was carried out for all available peer-reviewed articles in English related to SCD in PubMed and PsychINFO databases from database initiation through January 2020. The keywords used for the search were ‘subjective cognitive (or memory) impairment (or decline or complaints)’. Three authors separately determined the inclusion or exclusion of all articles retrieved for full-text evaluation. Results: The chance of progression to dementia in the SCD group was 2.17 (95% confidence interval [95%CI] 1.53‒3.07; p<0.05) compared to normal aging. Furthermore, the SCD group was 2.15 times more likely to progress to MCI than the group without SCD (95%CI 1.39‒3.30; p=0.005). Conclusions: SCD might precede cognitive impairment, however, more detailed longitudinal studies should be conducted.
Dietary interventions and cognition of Alzheimer’s disease patients: a systematic review of randomized controlled trial
Authors: Moreira Sophia Camargos , Jansen Ann Kristine , Silva Flávia Moraes
Published: September 2020

ABSTRACT. It is estimated that by 2030 there will be 82 million people in the world with dementia. Objective: To evaluate the effect of dietary interventions on the cognitive performance of individuals with Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Methods: A systematic review of randomized controlled trials (RCT) was conducted in the Scopus, PubMed, and Cochrane databases. Thirty-two RCT were included. Results: Omega-3 fatty acid showed positive effects at different doses. Fortasyn Connect seemed to be effective in the early stages of the disease. Probiotic, Ginseng, Inositol and specialized nutritional formulas seemed to have a positive effect on cognition. Most of the primary studies presented poor methodological quality, included patients with mild AD, small samples, and did not obtain significative results for all the cognitive outcomes. Conclusions: The effect of most dietary interventions on cognition in AD patients remains inconclusive, however, several nutrients, isolated or not, show potential to improve cognitive function in AD, especially in its early stages.
Sanitary quality of seed of Paspalum species
Authors: Silva Stella Áurea Cristiane Gomes da , Santos Andreza Gonçalves dos , Loges Vivian , Castro Ana Cecília Ribeiro de , Rosa Regina Ceres Torres da
Published: September 2020

Abstract Brazil has been developing research for selection of native species of Paspalum for use as turfgrass, nevertheless little is known about the sanitary quality and pathogens associated to the seeds, being the aims of this study. Subsamples of 100 seeds of two accessions of Paspalum notatum Flügge (PN 01 and PN 04) and one accesses of Paspalum lepton Schult. (PL 01) were submitted to the blotter test at 20 °C with a 12-h photoperiod for 7 days. The Penicillium and Curvularia genus incidence were highest in the three accessions of Paspalum. The seed health quality was variable between accessions, with more than 56% of incidence of the fungus Curvularia on the seeds. This study reported for the first time the occurrence of Curvularia spp. and Cladosporium herbarium in seeds of P. lepton, in the Northeast region of Brazil.
Ornamental plants in Chapecó: market characteristics and opportunities for family farms
Authors: Spier Juliane , Silva Vanessa Neumann , Leite João Guilherme Dal Belo
Published: September 2020

Abstract Floriculture is very lucrative to small producers as it requires small land areas, with usually short production cycles. The region of Santa Catarina West in Brazil has growth potential in the cultivation of ornamental plants, although it is not practically observed, as the productive chain of this sector has little or no organization, making it imperative to study the causes of this problem. Therefore, the aim of this study was to characterize the productive chain, market, and commercialization of ornamental plants in Chapecó-SC. The proposed study was carried out in an integrated manner in Chapecó-SC, through structured interviews with farmers, traders, and consumers of flowers and ornamental plants. The study sample consisted of 45 consumers, 24 producers, and 18 commercial establishments. Only three producers of ornamental plants in Chapecó were identified among the participants interviewed, although 84% believed that the municipality has demand for floriculture products, and only 21% of the interviewees have thought about cultivating ornamental plants. The market and commercialization of flowers and ornamental plants in Chapecó are dependent highly on the supply of products from the state of São Paulo, especially form the region of Holambra. The commercialization is predominantly in supermarket chains, for ease of access to consumers. The primary factor affecting the commercialization of ornamental plants is the price, because a dearth of producers in the region leads to an increase in the price, especially due to the long transportation.
Regrowth and ornamental traits of bermudagrass fertilized with sewage sludge
Authors: Silva Philippe Solano Toledo , Zabotto Alessandro Reinaldo , Santos Patrick Luan Ferreira dos , Nascimento Matheus Vinícius Leal do , Tavares Armando Reis , Villas Bôas Roberto Lyra
Published: September 2020

Abstract The sewage sludge is a low-cost material and sustainable alternative to substitute chemical fertilizers on ornamental lawns and gardens. Thus, the objective was to evaluate the effects of the application of sewage sludge on the regrowth and ornamental traits of DiscoveryTM bermudagrass. The experiment was carried out during the fall/winter of 2019. The turf was removed and left the soil exposed for a new grass regrowth. The treatments applied were 0, 357, 714, 1,071 and 1,428 g m-2 sewage sludge spread evenly on the lawn in a single dose. The evaluations were carried out after 120 days and the soil solution (EC and NO3 -), Normalized difference vegetation index, root length, root + rhizome + stolon + leaves volume and digital image analysis were evaluated. The results showed that the increase of sewage sludge positively influenced the turfgrass development, both in the aesthetic aspect and on bermudagrass regrowth. The soil solution can show that the sludge increased the electrical conductivity and NO3- ions; however, it did not hinder the development of the lawn, even having positive correlations between these variables and the biometric evaluations of the plant. It is concluded that the dose of 1,428 g m-2 presented the best results for the evaluated characteristics, being the recommended one for use in the fertilization of bermudagrass DiscoveryTM.
The turfgrass in landscape and landscaping
Authors: Castilho Regina Maria Monteiro de , Freitas Rodrigo Castilho , Santos Patrick Luan Ferreira dos
Published: September 2020

Abstract Turfgrasses have become an essential element in the world landscape, due to their aesthetic, environmental and agricultural values. Since prehistory, specifically in the age of dinosaurs, grass pollens have been reported by historians, as well as African tribes have used grass species around their villages for hunting and defending enemies. Medieval castles were surrounded with grass to better visualize the horizon of the fortress and the lookout of those who approached it. Over the years, seeds were disseminated to various parts of the world, and the lawn began to be reported in books on botany, and its use in gardens began to gain notoriety. Thus, grass species became part of the population’s daily life, from the Renaissance to the contemporary-modern period, and make up elements of the garden landscape (residential and private) cemeteries, parks, sports fields, roadside, and more recently, on green roofs. In Brazil, with the enhancement of landscaping and the arrival of several types of turfgrasses, the lawn has become a requirement in the construction of a garden. Currently in the Brazilian market, there are thirteen registered different species of turf, which have characteristics and particularities for their use in the constitution of the landscape and landscaping.
Management of Pirarucu (Arapaima gigas, Teleostei, Osteoglossidae) in Sustainable Use Units as a proposal for the restoration of aquatic ecosystems
Authors: Santana Eucilene Alves , Oliveira Edson Fontes de , Balbino Nataluzo da Silva , Gurgel Helen
Published: September 2020

Abstract: Sustainable Use Units have been carrying out sustainable management since the 1990s in the State of Amazonas, leading to research on the influence of management plans on restoring ecosystems. We developed an integrative review and analyzed official documents, data from the Brazilian government and information obtained from fishermen on the Unini River Extractive Reserve. The review articles were analyzed qualitatively, and a X2 test was used to verify differences in the distribution of proportions of pirarucu between the years after implementing the management. The management plan was the most cited as a solution to the environmental, social, and economic problems identified in the ecosystems. The data showed an increase in the numbers of pirarucu both in State of Amazonas and in the Unini River Reserve, reinforcing the perception of the community and fishermen. This suggests that when management plans are developed with the involvement of the local community, they present potential to restore ecosystems.
Relative relevance of factors affecting the electrokinetic dewatering of soft clayey soils
Authors: Gargano Sara , Lirer Stefania , Flora Alessandro
Published: September 2020

Electrokinetic (EK) treatment is becoming increasingly important in the geotechnical field, especially for treating fine-grained soils. Above all, dredged sediments (slurries) need to be treated in order to be reutilised. Applying an electric potential difference within the soil, three phenomena take place: electrophoresis, electro-osmosis and electromigration. Negative particles move towards the positive electrode while water and cations move towards the negative electrode. Although the literature is full of cases describing the parameters that affect the EK process, there is a need to understand its limits and fields of application. This paper summarises the results collected from several case studies to understand the influence of some parameters on the efficiency of EK treatment, specifically in terms of dewatering rate. Soil conditions (soil type, pH, pore fluid salinity and water content) and set-up design parameters (electrode materials, configurations and operational mode) are analysed. Finally, parameter ranges for assessing the acceptability of electro-osmotic treatment are proposed. The results show that there are optimum values for the previously mentioned parameters that improve the dewatering and thus enhance the behaviour of the treated soils. EK treatment can be effective when applied on dredged sediments with low salinity.
Investor Demands for Safety, Bank Capital, and Liquidity Measurement
Authors: Passmore Wayne , Temesvary Judit
Published: September 2020

We construct a model of a bank's optimal funding choice, where the bank negotiates with both safety-driven short-term bondholders and (mostly) risk-taking long-term bondholders. We establish that investor demands for safety create a negative relationship between the bank's capital choices and short-term funding, as well as negative relationships between capital and common measures of bank liquidity. Consistent with our model, our bank-level empirical analysis of these capital-liquidity tradeoffs show (1) that bank liquidity measures have a strong and negative relationship to its capital ratio for both large and small banks, and (2) that this relationship has weakened with the advent of stronger liquidity regulation. Our results suggest that the safety concerns of bank debt investors may underlie capital-liquidity tradeoffs and that a bank's share of collateralized short-term debt may be a more robust measure of bank liquidity.
Boom Town Business Dynamics
Authors: Decker Ryan A. , McCollum Meagan , Upton Gregory B., Jr.
Published: September 2020

The shale oil and gas boom in the U.S. provides a unique opportunity to study economic growth in a "boom town" environment, to derive insights about economic expansions more generally, and to obtain clean identification of the causal effects of economic growth on specific margins of business adjustment. The creation of new business establishments--separate from the expansion of existing establishments--accounts for a disproportionate share of the multi-industry employment growth sparked by the shale boom, an intuitive but not inevitable empirical result that is broadly consistent with canonical models of firm dynamics. New firms, in particular, contribute nearly half of the cumulative economic growth resulting from the shale boom.
Trade Credit, Markups, and Relationships
Authors: Garcia-Marin Alvaro , Justel Santiago , Schmidt-Eisenlohr Tim
Published: September 2020

Trade credit is the most important form of short-term finance for firms. In 2019, U.S. non-financial firms had about $4.5 trillion in trade credit outstanding equaling 21 percent of U.S. GDP. This paper documents two striking facts about trade credit use. First, firms with higher markups supply more trade credit. Second, trade credit use increases in relationship length, as firms often switch from cash in advance to trade credit but rarely away from trade credit. These two facts can be rationalized in a model where firms learn about their trading partners, sellers charge markups over production costs, and financial intermediation is costly. The model also shows that saving on financial intermediation costs provides a strong rationale for the dominance of trade credit. Using Chilean data at the firm-product-level and the trade-transaction level, we find support for all predictions of the model.
ATTITUDES OF SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS TOWARDS REFUGEE STUDENTS
Authors: ABLAK Selman
Published: September 2020

Although the refugee problem has been on the agenda of the world for centuries, it has increased its influence gradually due to the conflicts and wars in the Middle East especially after the 2000s. In this sense, after the civil war that erupted in Syria in 2011, there has been an influx of refugees into Turkey, and today millions of Syrians are forced to emigrate to Turkey. Most of the refugees coming through migration are under the age of 18, defined as "school age". Therefore, one of basic problems faced by the school-age refugees, who had to come to Turkey from Syria, is access to education. Thanks to immediate actualization of the efforts of the Republic of Turkey, immigrant students were placed in public schools with an aim to achieve necessary orientation. The aim of this research is to determine the attitudes of secondary school students towards refugee students. The study was attended by 5, 6, 7 and 8th grade students studying in schools affiliated to the Ministry of National Education in Keçiören district of Ankara, in the 2018-2019 academic year. In the research, quantitative research method was used to collect data. “Attitude Scale towards Refugee Students” developed by Kılcan, Çepni and Kılınç (2017) was used as data collection tool. Within the framework of the purpose of the research, SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Sciences) program was used for the necessary statistical analyses of the collected data regarding students’ responds to the attitude scale. It was revealed that the attitudes of the participants towards refugee students showed a significant difference according to the variables of gender, grade, having a refugee neighbor and refugee friends. Based on these results, it is recommended to provide awareness training for students studying in the same environment with refugee students to prevent secondary school students from developing negative attitudes towards refugees. Based on the positive attitude of secondary school students who have both a refugee neighbor and a refugee friend, it is suggested that different studies, especially cultural adaptation trainings, should be conducted for the social acceptance of Syrians who are in a sense guests in our country due to immigration.