bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Genetic and Technological Factors in legal Regulation of Food Security in the Russian Federation
Authors: Mityakina N. M. , Novikova A. E. , Fedoryashchenko A. S.
Published: January 2025

Contemporary socioeconomic, geopolitical, and technological conditions pose unprecedented threats and challenges. Recent years have witnessed a transformation of the world order, resulting in the establishment of new rules and principles of human coexistence. Such global transformations affect all public spheres, imposing special requirements on the quality of measures to ensure national security at both governmental and individual levels. Therefore, all aspects of national security, including food security, is increasingly attracting research attention.

In this article, we set out to identify recent trends in food policy in terms of using genetic technologies to ensure food security in the Russian Federation and to formulate proposals for improving the legal regulation of this area. The research is conducted by fulfilling the following tasks: (1) an analysis of Russia’ strategic and legal documents in order to assess the current status of legal support for food security in the country; (2) an analysis of modern scientific concepts of safety and the impact of genetic technologies, including gene editing technologies, on agriculture; (3) formulation of proposals for improving the current legislation.

Our research has revealed the need to develop the state policy and legal regulation of food security based on modern approaches to the role of genetic technologies. The importance of legal regulation of genetic technologies, including genetic editing technologies and technologies related to agriculture and food industry, is highlighted. Agrarian legislation should reflect the main provisions of the state policy concerning the support and promotion of genetic technologies in the field of food and animal feed production.
A VOZ E O OLHAR DOS SUJEITOS COLETIVOS DE SANTARÉM-PA: REFLEXÕES SOBRE OS LIMITES E AS POSSIBILIDADES DA LUTA PELO DIREITO À CIDADE.
Authors: Reis Ana Beatriz Oliveira
Published: January 2025

Em 2017, diferentes sujeitos coletivos da cidade de Santarém-PA, reivindicaram o direito à cidade por meio de processos de luta e de resistência que confluíram na revisão do Plano Diretor do município. Essa ação coletiva se realizou numa cidade do interior da Amazônia, onde novas dinâmicas socioeconômicas têm impulsionado a reconfiguração territorial e a transformação dos tradicionais modos de vida. Por intermédio da voz e do olhar dos sujeitos coletivos de Santarém, esse artigo tem como objetivo apresentar uma reflexão sobre o direito à cidade. Por meio do método de estudo de caso, foi possível conhecer quem são os sujeitos coletivos que reivindicam o direito à cidade em Santarém, compreender como tem sido a dinâmica da luta por esse direito e, por fim, refletir sobre os limites e as possibilidades da luta pelo direito à cidade. As técnicas de pesquisa utilizadas foram entrevistas e revisão bibliográfica. A experiência desses sujeitos no âmbito de um processo de revisão legislativa aponta os limites do uso institucional desse direito bem como indica possibilidades de se pensar o direito à cidade para além do Estado e do Direito considerando ainda as especificidades dos processos de luta numa materialidade específica: o interior da Amazônia brasileira.Palavras-chave: direito à cidade; sujeitos coletivos; plano diretor; Santarém-PA.
Karakteristik fisik selulosa dari rumput laut Chaetomorpha crassa yang diekstraksi dengan suhu yang berbeda
Authors: Henggu Krisman Umbu , Jodi Jasin Umbu , Ratu Oksin Hama , Sihono Sihono , Nurdiansyah Yopi
Published: January 2025

Chaetomorpha crassa merupakan jenis rumput laut hijau yang cukup melimpah di sepanjang perairan Indonesia. Pemanfaatan rumput laut C. crassa hingga saat ini belum optimal karena dianggap hama epifit oleh petani rumput laut. C. crassa mengandung selulosa alami yang dapat dimanfaatkan untuk keperluan industri. Oleh sebab itu, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan perlakuan suhu ekstraksi selulosa terbaik pada rumput laut C. crassa berdasarkan kandungan selulosa, karakteristik fisik, dan difraksi. Ekstraksi selulosa dilakukan melalui tahapan depigmentasi, delignifikasi dengan perlakuan suhu ekstraksi 60, 70, 80°C selama 12 jam, dan depolimerisasi dengan HCl 5%. Biomassa dikeringkan pada suhu 60°C selama 10 jam. Parameter yang dianalisis meliputi derajat kristalinitas, kepadatan dan densitas, indeks flowabilitas, porositas, kandungan selulosa, lignin dan hemiselulosa serta sebaran difraksi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan perbedaan suhu ekstraksi 60, 70, dan 80°C memberikan pengaruh nyata (p<0,05) terhadap kandungan selulosa, lignin, hemiselulosa, bulk density, tap density, carr’s index, hausner ratio, dan porositas. Ekstraksi selulosa terbaik diperoleh pada perlakuan suhu 70°C dengan rerata kandungan selulosa 74,17%, derajat kristalinitas 64,13%, bulk density 0,21 g/cm3, tap density 0,29 g/cm3, carr’s index 35,11%, husner ratio 2,48% dan porositas 1,27%. Sebaran difraksi selulosa yang diperoleh dalam penelitian ini didominasi oleh selulosa tipe II sebesar 72,66% dan tipe I sebesar 27,34%.
Association of Severity of Coronary Artery Disease With Traditional Risk Factors, Clinical Characteristics and Carotid Plaque Burden in Patients With Acute Coronary Syndrome
Authors: Bershtein L. L. , Lunina M. D. , Evdokimov D. S. , Nayden T. V. , Gumerova V. E. , Kochanov I. N. , Ivanov A. A. , Boldueva S. A. , Resnyanskaya E. D. , Zbyshevskaya E. V. , Evtushenko A. E. , Piltakyan V. Kh. , Sayganov S. A.
Published: January 2025

Aim. To study the associations between risk factors, clinical characteristics, severity of brachiocephalic artery (BCA) atherosclerosis and severity of coronary artery (CA) disease in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS).

Material and methods. The study included patients with any type of ACS and obstructive coronary artery disease confirmed by coronary angiography. A quantitative analysis of coronary angiography data was performed with an assessment of the number of CAs with significant stenosis and calculation of the SYNTAX score. The major clinical and laboratory parameters that are risk factors for atherosclerosis and/or affect the cardiovascular prognosis were assessed; for patients with ACS without ST segment elevation (NSTE-ACS), the risk score was calculated by the GRACE scale. The BCA ultrasound examination was performed with a quantitative analysis of atherosclerotic burden.

Results. The study included 312 patients aged 64 [56, 72] years; the proportion of men was 69.2%. The frequency of lesions of 1, 2 and 3 coronary arteries was 34.6, 35.3, and 30.1%, respectively; the SYNTAX score was 14 [9, 21]. According to the results of univariate analysis, the number of stenotic CAs and the SYNTAX score were associated with age, smoking history, history of ischemic heart disease, diabetes mellitus (DM), the presence of non-stenotic CA lesions, the GRACE score in NSTE-ACS, and the Charlson comorbidity index. An inverse correlation was found for the level of physical activity and a slightly weaker one for the glomerular filtration rate and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C). In multivariate models, the only independent predictors of the number of stenotic CAs were HDL-C (odds ratio, OR 0.37, 95% confidence interval, CI 0.17-0.81; p=0.012) and the smoking history (OR 1.30, 95% CI 1.12-1.52; p=0.001), a coefficient of determination of the model R2 of 18%, SYNTAX score with a history of myocardial infarction (ß=6.40, 95% CI 3.22-9.58; p<0.001), insulin-dependent DM (ß=9.44, 95% CI 3.50-15.38; p=0.002), GRACE score for NSTE-ACS (ß=0.06, 95% CI 0.01-0.11; p<0.014), and a coefficient of determination of the model R2=20%.

Conclusion. Patients with ACS show significant, independent associations of the severity of coronary atherosclerosis with HDL-C, smoking duration, history of myocardial infarction, insulin-dependent diabetes, and the GRACE score in NSTE-ACS. Variability in the severity of CA lesions is only to a small extent determined by risk factors, clinical characteristics, and the severity of concomitant carotid atherosclerosis.
Characteristics of Atherosclerotic Plaques Left after Percutaneous Coronary Intervention in Patients with Acute Coronary Syndrome. Assessment According to Computed Tomographic Angiography of the Coronary Arteries
Authors: Merkulova I. N. , Semenova A. A. , Barysheva N. A. , Gaman S. A. , Veselova T. N. , Bilyk E. A. , Sukhinina T. S. , Shariya M. A. , Yarovaya E. B. , Svinin G. E. , Bashankaeva Z. B. , Staroverov I. I. , Pevsner D. V. , Ternovoy S. K.
Published: January 2025

Aim. To evaluate characteristics of atherosclerotic plaques (ASP) remaining after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) by coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA).Material and methods. Among 249 patients (193 men) with ACS aged 58±10 years, 183 (73.5%) had myocardial infarction, 66 (26.5%) had unstable angina. CCTA was performed after PCI at 3-7 days after the onset of ACS according to the standard protocol: in 41 patients, on a 64-slice tomograph (Aquilion 64, Toshiba, Japan) and in 208 patients, on a 640-slice tomograph with 320 rows of detectors (Aquilion ONE Vision Edition, Toshiba, Japan). CCTA of all patients was performed on a Vitrea workstation. Patients with at least one non-calcified ASP were included.Results. Among all ASPs, non-calcified ASPs predominated, 609 of 785 (77.6%), including 400 soft and 209 combined ones. Signs of obstruction (stenosis ≥50%) were noted in 72.2% of non-calcified ASPs. ASPs were characterized by a pronounced burden, 69 [61.4; 74.2]%, and a low minimum density, 31 [23; 37] HU, which was consistent with mature plaques with a lipid core. Various signs of ASP instability were observed in 6-35.3% of cases. There were 2 [2;3] (1 to 6) affected coronary arteries (CAs) and 3 [2;4] (1 to 7) ASPs, including calcified ones, per patient. 77.7% of ASPs were located in the CA proximal and middle segments. Obstructive stenosis was detected in 92% of patients. The number of ASPs with obstructive stenosis ranged from 0 to 7 per patient, with a median of 2 [1;3]. In 44% of patients, stenosis was 70% or more. The maximum burden of non-calcified ASPs was high, 74.3±12.1%; their maximum and total length were 13.8±10.4 mm and 26.5±19.7 mm, respectively; and the ASP minimum density was low, 25 [17;32] HU. ASPs with a low-density area of ≤46 HU and ≤30 HU were detected in 24.9% and 14.8% of patients, respectively. Other CCTA signs of instability were quite common: punctate calcifications in 52.2% of patients, coronary positive remodeling in 37%, the presence of “ring-like enhancement” in 16.1%, an uneven plaque contour in 26.7%, and at least one sign of ASP instability in 73% of patients.Conclusion. After PCI, patients with ACS still have rather many ASPs, including those with CCTA signs of instability, with stenosis >50%; more than a third of the plaques had stenosis >70%; the plaques were extended and localized mainly in the proximal and middle sections of the main CAs.
Dapagliflozin Mediates the Protective Effect against atrial fibrillation/atrial flutter and the Reduction in All-Cause Mortality Risk
Authors: Hu Xuehong , Tan Chen , Liu Xingpeng , Zhang Na , Wang Fengnan , Wang Zhijuan
Published: January 2025

Objective. This study aimed to investigate the association between dapagliflozin and the incidence of atrial fibrillation (AF) and atrial flutter (AFL), along with its impact on all-cause mortality in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM).Material and methods. Adhering to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, this meta-analysis conducted a comprehensive search across PubMed, Embase, and ClinicalTrials.gov databases up to June 2021. We focused on randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that compared dapagliflozin with a placebo. Trial sequential analysis (TSA) was utilized to assess the reliability of the findings. All statistical analyses were performed using Review Manager software.Results. The final analysis included nine studies, encompassing a total of 30,235 patients. The findings indicated a statistically significant reduction in the incidence of AF / AFL in the dapagliflozin group compared to the placebo group (relative risk (RR) = 0.73, 95 % confidence interval (CI) = 0.59 to 0.89, p=0.002), although this result was not corroborated by TSA. The occurrences of AF and all-cause mortality were also lower in the dapagliflozin group than in the placebo group (RR = 0.71, 95 % CI = 0.57 to 0.89, p=0.003 and RR = 0.90, 95 % CI = 0.82 to 0.98, p=0.02, respectively). However, TSA did not confirm these outcomes.Conclusion. Dapagliflozin appears to offer a significant protective effect against AF / AFL and may reduce the risk of all-cause mortality in patients with DM. However, further research is needed to confirm these findings due to the lack of confirmation by TSA.
Análise de coliformes fecais e totais de três nascentes do município de Herculândia-SP
Authors: Bonfim Osmar Evandro Toledo , Da Silva André Aparecido , Januario Italo Ramon , Dos Santos Cristiano Vieira
Published: January 2025

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a presença de coliformes fecais e totais presentes em três nascentes pertencentes a Bacia Hidrográfica do Rio Aguapeí, e simultaneamente, analisar os impactos urbanos nas nascentes através do índice de impactos ambientais macroscópicos em nascentes (IIAN). As nascentes selecionadas estão localizadas no município de Herculândia/SP, onde foi realizada a coleta de 60 amostras de água no período seco e no período úmido. Os dados obtidos foram comparados aos parâmetros da Resolução do CONAMA 357/05 e a Portaria n°2914 de 12/12/2011 do Ministério da Saúde. Na coleta realizada após a precipitação notou-se um aumento no índice de coliformes fecais e totais, como também alterações no pH, turbidez e DBO das águas das três nascentes. Com a aplicação do IIAN averiguou-se que as nascentes possuem um alto grau de vulnerabilidade a contaminação em consequência da proximidade com áreas urbanas. Concluiu-se que a água das três nascentes avaliadas no município de Herculândia-SP é imprópria para o consumo devido o índice de coliformes totais e fecais ser incompatível com os parâmetros estipulados pela Portaria n°2914 do Ministério da Saúde. A utilização do IIAN demonstrou que a qualidade ambiental das nascentes é afetada pelos impactos no meio externo.
Dinâmicas industriais e reestruturação do espaço urbano em Fortaleza/CE
Authors: Nobre Lucas Cesar Queiroz
Published: January 2025

O presente artigo analisa as novas configurações da indústria no espaço urbano da metrópole de Fortaleza (CE) partindo do movimento de dispersão da indústria têxtil na cidade. Neste sentido, ao elucidar uma configuração produtiva fortemente ligada ao dinamismo do espaço urbano, as repercussões mais claras do encerramento das atividades industriais se mostram em Fortaleza através da relocalização das funções produtivas e da refuncionalização destas áreas para outros fins, como comércio, serviços ou habitação; por vezes, o eventual abandono e degradação dos antigos espaços produtivos permite a conformação de brownfields, o que também deve ser abordado neste trabalho, temática igualmente inserida no contexto de uma reestruturação espacial patente na metrópole.
Caracterização física e sedimentológica dos depósitos de aquíferos aluviais da bacia do baixo Piancó-PB
Authors: Santos Camilla Jerssica Silva , Souza Jonas Otaviano Praça
Published: January 2025

A pesquisa está voltada para caracterização sedimentológica e topográfica dos trechos de preenchimento sedimentar no vale na bacia hidrográfica do Baixo Piancó, possibilitando assim o entendimento da gênese e dinâmica sedimentológica dos depósitos, bem como da potencialidade para armazenamento de água dos mesmos. Para alcançar o objetivo proposto para esta pesquisa, foram realizadas as análises granulométricas e da hidrodinâmica dos depósitos em diferentes trechos aluviais, com base na proposta metodológica de Gale & Hoare, utilizando o diagrama de Shepard e Pejrup através do programa Sysgran 3.0. Assim dos seis trechos que estão sendo abordado neste artigo, pode-se destacar os trechos de depósitos aluviais com predominância de grãos grosseiros (cascalhos e areia) e trechos com 90% de sedimentos finos (silte e argila). Essas variações granular propicia a formação de aquíferos aluviais com características diversas, podendo causar influência nos processos de infiltração, permeabilidade e recarga dos aquíferos aluviais. Desse modo, pode-se entender que o processo de deposição nos trechos aluviais analisado, está soube influência das diversas particularidades e caraterísticas físicas do ambiente.
Interpretação da dendeicultura em imagens de sensores orbitais
Authors: Dos Santos Leonardo Sousa , Nahum João Santos , Dos Santos Cleison Bastos
Published: January 2025

As técnicas de extrações de informações de alvos terrestres de sensores remotos orbitais têm-se demonstrado excelentes e oportunos instrumentos de coletas dados e informações confiáveis de agriculturas, principalmente em razão do aumento dessas regiões, que ocupam largas fatias do planeta. Focou-se na dimensão do visível e do comportamento espectral da cultura comercial da palma africana Microrregião de Tomé Açu (MRGTA), tendo como objetivo identificar os talhões dos dendezais. Reuniu-se dados dos satélites Landsat – 5 e 8 dos anos de 1988, 1995, 2004, 2010 e 2017. As imagens foram interpretadas através dos elementos de localização geográfica, tamanho, padrão, forma, textura, cor, tonalidade, sombra e valores de reflectância de superfície terrestre. Fez-se classificação supervisionada para extração da mascará das áreas de cultivos de dendê na MRGTA. A cultura do dendê apresenta elementos particulares que facilitam o reconhecimento de feições entre os diferentes alvos presente na MRGTA. A partir do comportamento espectral da palma africana, em cada banda do sensor orbital, tem-se acesso às informações que descrevem essa em cultura agrícola comercial. Com a mascará dos dendezais MRGTA de 2017, identificou-se o território do dendê, sua distribuição espacial e dinâmica de ocupação. Por fim, esclarece-se que a identificação dos dendezais por meio de sensores orbitais não exclui o trabalho de campo, sendo também adequado a comparação dos talhões reconhecidos nas imagens orbitais com informações cadastrais, estatísticas e estimadas do IBGE sobre a cultura de palma. Este trabalho representa avanços no processo delimitação real dos talhões de dendê, que é um dado quase que sigiloso.
An overview of carbon nanotubes and their approaches
Authors: Shirode Yash , Thorat Shubham , Jangle Arvind , Ugale Omkar , Kakad Amit , Shaikh M.R.N
Published: January 2025

Nanotechnology has made tremendous strides in recent years, particularly in the creation of sensors with a wide range of applications. The basic components of nanotechnology are nanomaterials, which can be measured at the nanoscale. Materials with sizes measured in nanometres that resemble carbon tubes are known as carbon nanotubes (CNTs). They are made of graphite sheets, which resemble a continuous, rolled-up, indestructible hexagonal mesh structure with carbon molecules at the apexes. Carbon nanotubes are classified as single-walled (SWCNTs), double-walled (DWCNTs), or multi-walled (MWCNTs) based on the number of carbon layers they contain. Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) can be produced using three basic methods: chemical vapour deposition, electric arc deposition, and laser accumulation. Low density, chemical inertness, high elasticity, and thermal conductivity are only a few of the many characteristics of carbon nanotubes. The study of materials in nanotechnology, electronics, optics, and other domains has benefited greatly from the unique properties of carbon nanotubes. Carbon nanotubes have several useful applications, including drug delivery, water filtration, and sensing. Surface functionalisation can be used to create highly soluble chemicals, which can then be derivatised with active molecules to be used in biological systems. Surface functionalisation enables the adsorption or attachment of different chemicals or antigens, which can then be targeted towards a certain cell type for immunological awareness or therapeutic effects. This article discusses the characteristics of carbon nanotubes and their therapeutic uses in medication delivery and medical diagnostics. Additionally discussed are carbon nanotubes' antifungal and antibacterial properties.
Cannabinoid pharmacology: Research on medicinal cannabins and its therapeutic application
Authors: Kulkarni Vedangi Arvind , Nimje Himanshi Pramod , Varhade Pratiksha Purushottam , Chopade Rupali Kailas , Jatale Sakshi Vijay , Mhaske Shivshankar Digambar , Nagrik Shatrughna Uttam , Metangale Sarita Khushalrao
Published: January 2025

Cannabinoids, the active compounds in Cannabis sativa, have garnered significant attention due to their diverse pharmacological effects, primarily mediated through cannabinoid receptors, CB1 and CB2. CB1 receptors, predominantly found in the central nervous system, are involved in regulating various physiological processes, including pain perception, appetite, and memory, while CB2 receptors, primarily located in immune tissues, play a role in modulating immune responses. The psychoactive component, Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), functions as a partial agonist of both CB1 and CB2 receptors, eliciting effects on gastrointestinal, hepatic, and cardiovascular systems. In contrast, cannabidiol (CBD), a non-psychoactive cannabinoid, interacts with various receptors and channels, demonstrating potential therapeutic benefits, particularly in neuroprotection and anti-inflammatory responses. The endocannabinoid system (ECS), comprising endogenous ligands like anandamide (AEA) and 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG), along with their metabolic enzymes, plays a crucial role in maintaining physiological homeostasis. These endocannabinoids are synthesized on demand and act upon CB receptors to influence a wide range of biological functions. Synthetic cannabinoids, such as dronabinol and nabiximols, have been developed for therapeutic use, particularly in managing chemotherapy-induced nausea, pain, and spasticity in multiple sclerosis. Historically, Cannabis sativa has been used for its medicinal properties across various cultures. The recent surge in research has provided insights into the complex interactions between cannabinoids and the ECS, paving the way for novel therapeutic applications. However, the psychoactive nature of some cannabinoids and the potential for adverse effects necessitate further investigation to fully harness their medicinal potential.
círculo vicioso da desigualdade racial na educação do Brasil
Authors: Elacqua Gregory , Dias Isabella , Nascimento Danielle , Pérez-Nuñez Graciela , Rodrigues Mateus
Published: January 2025

Este estudo examina como a desigualdade racial é perpetuada ao longo do sistema educacional brasileiro, formando um ciclo vicioso que afeta os estudantes da educação básica à educação superior e além, estendendo-se à força de trabalho docente. Ao analisar diversos dados brasileiros, o estudo destaca as disparidades estruturais enfrentadas por estudantes negros, pardos e indígenas em comparação com seus colegas brancos. Os resultados revelam que estudantes negros, pardos e indígenas têm maior probabilidade de frequentar escolas com infraestrutura precária, contar com professores menos qualificados e obter desempenho acadêmico inferior. Essas desvantagens persistem na educação superior, onde os alunos desses grupos raciais estão concentrados em cursos e instituições menos prestigiados. Mesmo aqueles que optam por carreiras no magistério têm mais chances de trabalhar em escolas com poucos recursos, perpetuando o ciclo de desigualdade.
Labor Market Regulation and Informality
Authors: Brotherhood Luiz , Da Mata Daniel , Santos Cezar , Guner Nezih , Kircher Philipp
Published: January 2025

This paper investigates informal employment in Brazil's highly regulated labor market, focusing on the intensive margin of informality within formal firms. Using a comprehensive dataset of labor audits conducted from 1997 to 2012, we find that formal firms caught with informal workers face sustained slower growth. Informal workers are found across firms of all sizes, and their characteristics closely resemble those of formal employees. Building on these empirical findings, we develop a dynamic general equilibrium model where firms balance the flexibility of informality against potential costs. Our framework can be used to explore government policy implications and to examine the impact of audit strategies on informality, output, and workers welfare.
Ecosistema del emprendimiento por oportunidad en Panamá
Authors: Buenadicha Sánchez César , Virviescas Mendoza Tatiana , Gordon Paola , Cardeña Rodríguez Eric , Lecaros Camila
Published: January 2025

El ecosistema de emprendimiento por oportunidad se refiere a un entorno donde las personas emprendedoras inician negocios basados en oportunidades de mercado únicas, en lugar de por necesidad. En América Latina y el Caribe, este ecosistema ha crecido significativamente, creando apoyos que facilitan la identificación, diseño e implementación de propuestas con impacto económico y social. Sin embargo, enfrenta desafíos estructurales que deben abordarse para maximizar su potencial en el desarrollo sostenible y el bienestar regional.

BID Lab y MassChallenge México colaboraron en un estudio para analizar y mejorar los ecosistemas de emprendimiento de Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, México y Panamá. Este informe revisa las condiciones de estos ecosistemas, identificando oportunidades de crecimiento y desarrollando estrategias para mejorar servicios, articulaciones y dinámicas que fomenten nuevos emprendimientos e innovaciones. El objetivo es adaptarse a las demandas socio-ambientales y de mercado, impulsando el desarrollo y la generación de empleo en la región.

El estudio se centra en la caracterización del ecosistema de emprendimiento por oportunidad en El Salvador, utilizando seis variables clave para medir su madurez: marco regulatorio, actores del ecosistema emprendedor, actores según la etapa de crecimiento, apoyo financiero, apoyo no financiero y modelos de rol. Estas variables evalúan la efectividad del entorno en apoyar el desarrollo empresarial en diferentes etapas y la disponibilidad de recursos que fortalezcan la capacidad emprendedora.
Measures of hospital efficiency and quality
Authors: Barraza-Lloréns Mariana , Arceo -Schravesande Adrián , Campos -Hernández Ángel , Bauhoff Sebastian , Bernal Lara Pedro
Published: January 2025

Hospitals are a critical component of health systems. This technical note proposes a policy-oriented framework for measuring hospital performance and provides a short list of indicators related to the efficiency and quality of hospital care in Latin America and the Caribbean. The note draws on international and country-specific experiences, including those of Brazil, Mexico, the OECD, the United Kingdoms National Health Service, and the United Statess Medicare program. The proposed indicators are feasible and relevant, and the list can be used immediately to inform hospital performance measurement efforts in the region.
¿GENERA EL MERCADO DE ARBITRAJE REGLAS JURÍDICAS PREDECIBLES?
Authors: Bullard G. Alfredo
Published: January 2025

Si un abogado le dice que le ha pagado a un Juez ¿Qué pensaría? Seguramente nada bueno. Entonces ¿Por qué no debería llamarnos la atención que un abogado le dijo que le pagó a un árbitro? ¿Cómo es posible que quien vaya a decidir un caso con autonomía e independencia reciba dinero de las partes? Intuitivamente la respuesta parece obvia, pero no lo es tanto.
Por un regreso al sentido ordinario de la palabra "inversión"
Authors: Silva Romero Eduardo
Published: January 2025

Las palabras y su empleo nunca son inocentes.
Las palabras jurídicas y su empleo por abogados y árbitros internacionales no son la excepción. El naciente (y todavía confuso) derecho internacional de las inversiones, si en realidad existe, ilustra, quizás más que otras ramas del derecho tradicionales (en donde -como en el derecho civil de las obligaciones y los contratos- el paso de los años -traducido en precedentes e historia- ya ha hecho su trabajo y aclarado muchas confusiones), la importancia de las palabras y su empleo en el derecho. Las (increíblemente) inagotables controversias alrededor, por ejemplo, de las nociones de "inversionista", "inversión", "trato justo y equitativo de una inversión" y "expropiación indirecta" constituyen prueba irrefutable de lo anterior.
El consentimiento en el Arbitraje Internacional en materia de inversiones
Authors: Galindo C. Álvaro
Published: January 2025

El Convenio CIADI, entre los objetivos que buscaba alcanzar con su creación, pretende que las diferencias en materia de inversión sean despolitizadas y se manejen en espacios neutrales sin injerencias externas. Esta es una de las razones para que los Estados hayan incluido el elemento de que una vez que se haya prestado el consentimiento para un arbitraje bajo el Convenio no se podrá utilizar mecanismos, entre otros, como el de la protección diplomática.
The use of authentic song lyrics at the lessons of Russian as a foreign language
Authors:   Chelyabinsk State University, Ulyanov M. N. , Ulyanova E. P. ,   South Ural State University
Published: January 2025

The aim of the research is to design an extensive lesson plan for foreign students learning Russian. The teaching materials are based on the song “Smile” (lyrics by M. Plyatskovsky, music by V. Shainsky) from the cartoon “Baby Raccoon” and include exercises to practice listening, speaking, reading, and writing skills, as well as exposure to the culture of the country. The authors use a specific example to demonstrate the importance of an interactive form of learning, and provide the main results of the experiment. The study involved humanities students of the South Ural State University preparatory department. The methods of survey, testing and questionnaires using the Likert scale were used to analyze the results of the study before and after working with the song material. To assess students’ knowledge of vocabulary and grammar, a test was conducted which consisted of multiple-choice and open-ended questions. The results of the analysis show that students enjoy working with the text of the lyrics in class; learning Russian with the help of songs motivates to learn new material and allows to form linguistic, communicative and cultural competence, develops speaking, listening and pronunciation skills, practices the necessary grammar patterns, and enhances vocabulary. Thus, experience of working with foreign students shows that it is useful to build the educational process in a new way, using interactive opportunities and combining them with classical methods for effective learning in modern education. The practical significance of the presented materials is in the development of a ready-made lesson, which can be used by teachers of humanitarian disciplines who work with foreign students with different levels of proficiency in the Russian language.
Study of the functional state of the body when assessing emotional burnout of teachers working with children with autism spectrum disorders
Authors:   M. Akmulla Bashkir State Pedagogical University, Farkhutdinova L. V. , Tsilyugina I. B. ,   M. Akmulla Bashkir State Pedagogical University
Published: January 2025

Teachers of resource classes and educational centers for children with autism spectrum disorders participated in the study. The comparison group consisted of teachers working with neurotypical children. The research methods were a standardized interview, methodology for diagnosing the level of emotional burnout (V.V. Boy¬ko, 1998), clinical questionnaire for identifying and assessing neurotic states by K.K. Yakhin, D.M. Men¬de¬le¬vich The functional state of the body was determined based on indicators of the activity of the autonomic nervous system. The study identified that among teachers working with children with autism spectrum disorders, there are significantly more people both with emotional burnout manifestations and with a suboptimal functional state of the body. However, a reliable relationship between the indicators of these studies was revealed only in the presence of the exhaustion phase according to V.V. Boy¬ko, and in this case, it can be considered from the point of view of distress according to G. Se¬lye. The study of the functional state of the body in individuals with psychological symptoms corresponding to the tension and resistance phases and neurotic manifestations showed that, on the one hand, emotional stress does not always lead to a violation of the psychophysiological state of the body; on the other hand, its absence does not always indicate the normal functioning of the body, the activity of which can be disrupted and lead to a pre-disease (disease) without obvious signs of emotional stress and complaints of poor health. The study of the functional state of the body can significantly supplement the study of signs of emotional burnout with psychological testing methods and allow a more objective assessment of the psychophysiological state of teachers, determine approaches to the prevention and correction of emotional burnout.
Altrove altravolta altre menti. La risonanza delle opere di Italo Calvino all’estero
Authors: Baldi Elio Attilio
Published: January 2025

Introduzione Incontri Vol. 38 No. 2 (2023): Echi di Italo Calvino all'estero.
Calvino tra i macedoni e in macedone: una storia di ispirazione e invenzione
Authors: Karanikikj Josimovska Jovana , Gjurcinova Anastasija
Published: January 2025

Calvino among the Macedonians and in Macedonian:
A story of inspiration and invention
This article discusses how interest in Italo Calvino developed and how reading his works and criticism influenced the literary environment in Macedonia. The first part of the article provides insight into Italian-Macedonian literary relations and the reception of Italian literature in the Macedonian context, including Calvino’s work. The second part presents a chronological overview of the translations of Calvino's works into Macedonian and the essays published on the subject. Additionally, the article dedicates a section to the results of the conference organized on the anniversary of the writer’s birth. The conclusion summarizes the quantitative data, observations, and comments drawn from various discussions and tributes to Calvino’s work.
Characteristics of Dutch Colonial Architecture in Public Buildings of Tegal, Central Java
Authors: Laksitarini Niken , Gunawan Ahmad Nur Sheha , Rifanti Alifa Hanifiar , Badr Yumna Almira
Published: January 2025

Tegal is a city which is located on the coast of Java, it has grown exponentially in various sectors, including that of the domination of Dutch Colonial architecture. Tegal’s legacy is that it houses various public buildings that served as National Government offices for the Dutch during the colonial era. As a result of this, many public buildings in Tegal are shaped in the Dutch Colonial architectural style. During this era of colonialism, colonial architecture served as a symbol of an architectural identity for the city. The city of Tegal houses several public and government buildings with the colonial architectural style, such as the Birao Building, the Mako Lanal Building, the Tegal DPRD Building, and the Post Office Building. Culturally, Tegal’s architecture connects the city’s colonialist past with the local traditions. Furthermore, the existence of colonialist structures serves as proof of the city’s historical identity. This study uses a descriptive qualitative research method, as well as further examination of the characteristics of buildings in Tegal that fit the colonial archetype. According to the findings of this research, all four of the buildings explored in this study exhibit characteristics befitting of the Dutch Colonial architectural style.
Keywords: Colonial architecture, characteristics, public building, Tegal
Implementation of a Biophilic Design Approach in Office Space Design as an Attempt to Increase Employee Well-being
Authors: Haristianti Vika , Raja Togar Mulya
Published: January 2025

This study aims to explain recommendations for office space designs that seek to improve employee wellness during the post-pandemic period. This research is pragmatic research with a research and development (R&D) approach. The keywords used as the direction for the design concept were obtained from the initial research that had been carried out by the author. The results of the study explain that the biophilic design approach was chosen because it is considered capable of making liveable buildings that are suitable for meeting demands and respect, for both people and the environment. The implementation of a biophilic approach to interior design can be implemented in the selection of colors, materials, lighting, ventilation, room layout, and decoration aspects. The information collected is expected to be a recommendation for those who need it so that it can be used as a consideration or reference for design directions in the office space design process.
Keywords: spatial transformation, office space, post-pandemic, employee wellness, innovation
Co-creating and Bricolage Among Mask Stitchers in the US Pandemic
Authors: Mohan Urmila
Published: January 2025

Stitchers, both trained and untrained in the design process, made tens of thousands of cloth masks during the COVID-19 pandemic in the US. In doing so, they demonstrated how collaboration takes place, shaping relationships between diverse people as well as the way the pandemic was experienced. This chapter is based on an ethnography conducted between 2020 and 2022 where the different working processes and exchanges of skills and knowledge between designers and non-designers were observed. A shift in identity was apparent with formally-trained designers from the costume, theater, and film industry learning to work with uncertainty and lack of material inventory. Simultaneously, those stitchers who lacked formal design training were exposed to it by working with designers. That is, during a time of crisis, designers’ bricoleur capacities were apparent while their collaborators became quasi-designers. Such processes were co-creative means of leveraging solutions for unprecedented problems.
Keywords: bricolage, co-creation, collaboration, masks, pandemic
The Exploration of Community Center Design in Densely Populated Communities Through Indoor Health and Comfort Assessment
Authors: Ariyanto Yusuf , Susan Maria Yohana
Published: January 2025

Urbanization in the major cities of Indonesia has resulted in high-density settlements, such Dupak Magersari in Surabaya. In recent years, people have desired to enhance the quality of their living environment through a variety of community-driven initiatives, one of which is the planning of a community center and renovating one of the houses so that it may be used for it. This research is important as a response to local people to improve their environment through community center design due to environmental conditions in high-density settlements areas that make them unhealthy and uncomfortable to live. This study aims to explore a design community center by using the participatory design approach as a method, which consists of survey phases to identify the settlement conditions generated by IHC rating tools. The findings of the assessment become the requirements used to design based on lighting quality, building acoustics, and thermal comfort.
Keywords: community center, environment, high-density settlements, health and comfort
Mediación artística para acompañamiento al duelo: resultado de una experiencia de la Universidad de Cuenca
Authors: Castro Pacheco Mónica , Brito Cárdenas Nancy Susana
Published: January 2025

El proyecto aborda el trabajo conjunto realizado entre la Universidad de Cuenca a través de la Facultad de Artes y EMUCE EP (Empresa Pública Municipal de Servicios de Cementerios, Salas de Velación y Exequias del Cantón Cuenca), para incluir el arte en diferentes modalidades como herramienta colateral de afrontamiento positiva que coadyuve en el proceso psicoterapéutico para llegar a la resolución saludable del duelo en el menor tiempo posible. Para la experiencia material se introdujo a los usuarios de EMUCE EP de todas las edades; estudiantes y docentes de la carrera de Diseño, más el soporte profesional psicológico de dicha institución.
Malla curricular para una formación académica en Artes Literarias: propuesta renovadora desde Ecuador
Authors: Moya-Méndez Misael
Published: January 2025

En el presente artículo se contextualiza la necesidad de la formación de escritores en Ecuador por la vía académica, y se presenta una malla curricular tentativa, al amparo de fundamentos teóricos y metodológicos que permiten comprender su carácter innovador. La propuesta identifica limitaciones en otros proyectos de formación literaria del ámbito hispanohablante y, estratégicamente, formula potenciales vías para su superación. Desde esta perspectiva, se asume la literatura no como objeto de estudio de las humanidades (terrenos de la filología, la lingüística y los estudios literarios), sino como praxis creativa dentro de las bellas artes.
Apuntes sobre la formación no sistémica en Fotografía, con motivo de una exposición en La Habana
Authors: Rodríguez-Aguilar Jorge Luis
Published: January 2025

Cada día, la fotografía se convierte en un medio más imprescindible, accesible y democrático. Las nuevas tecnologías han ayudado, sobremanera, a desarrollarla. Hacerla ya no resulta difícil, pero enseñar cómo hacerla es otro problema. Una buena fotografía se descubre al instante. ¿Cómo lograr, entonces, enseñar a realizar una buena fotografía? ¿Hasta dónde pueden influir los nuevos proyectos pedagógicos fotográficos para garantizar la calidad de la imagen?
pedagogía teatral como herramienta de aprendizaje
Authors: Amaya Trelles Leandro , Fernández Olivo Diego
Published: January 2025

En el siguiente ensayo se abordará el teatro como una herramienta pedagógica para el aprendizaje escolar. El teatro ha constituido un aporte significativo a la sociedad desde la antigüedad hasta la actualidad gracias a su capacidad discursiva, lo cual amplifica los espacios de creatividad en el aula a través de ideas, símbolos, diálogos, entre otros elementos. Es importante que este método pueda aplicarse en la práctica educativa para potenciar los conocimientos y el aprendizaje significativo y, de esta manera, pueda materializarse el objetivo del aprendizaje. La idea de que todos podemos ser artistas y usar el teatro como una herramienta de aprendizaje constituye un medio para comprender, mejorar y reflexionar sobre la realidad para, luego, transformarla, utilizando la creatividad como su principal recurso.
analógico frente a lo digital: nuevas realidades en el entorno creativo de las artes visuales
Authors: Guzmán Galarza Manuel Geovanni
Published: January 2025

En el presente artículo se abordan las nuevas tecnologías en función de la producción artística actual en artes visuales, mediante un conjunto de reflexiones comparativas en que se defienden las nuevas perspectivas que lo digital aporta a la renovación visual y el aprovechamiento forzoso que los artistas deben hacer de los aprendizajes tradicionales, en una relación encaminada a enriquecer la cultura en un contexto en que no existe posibilidad de negación, sino de aceptación, adaptación y uso de las herramientas digitales.
Interiorismo de bajo costo en viviendas rurales en la provincia del Azuay
Authors: Mejía-Coronel Diana Paulina , Zhindón-Duarte Jonnathan Andrés
Published: January 2025

La presente investigación tiene un enfoque cualitativo con alcance exploratorio y de aplicación y ha procurado solucionar un problema en el espacio interior de usuarios en viviendas que tengan capacidades económicas limitadas, mediante el diseño con materiales de bajo costo, para mejorar su calidad de vida. Para lograr todo ello la metodología empleada partió de un análisis bibliográfico, se trabajó con estudiantes de los últimos ciclos de la Carrera de Diseño Interior de la Facultad de Artes, de la Universidad de Cuenca para el levantamiento de información. Posteriormente se realizó la selección de 6 viviendas en el sector de Llulluchas- Sayausí, Cuenca, por parte de los docentes tutores, representando las más emergentes de la zona como prioritarias. Seguidamente los estudiantes realizaron fichas de levantamiento arquitectónico de las viviendas, y también resolvieron entrevistas para descubrir problemas de diseño interior. Mediante los datos recolectados los alumnos plantearon soluciones interioristas a los espacios de una manera formal, funcional y constructiva bajo la tutoría de los docentes para generar propuestas de diseño con material de bajo costo. El anteproyecto fue aprobado por los usuarios según sus necesidades y experiencias en el uso de mobiliario y espacio, esta fase fue motivacional para arrancar con la gestión de materiales a empresas privadas, el último paso fue la socialización de las propuestas por parte de los estudiantes hacia los usuarios. Al finalizar el proyecto se pudo evidenciar que se pueden generar soluciones interioristas de vivienda a bajo costo, mejorando la comodidad y seguridad a las familias.
La clase metodológica instructiva como forma para la culminación de estudios de posgrados. Reflexiones a propósito de un proyecto de maestría en educación cultural y artística
Authors: Pino-Torrens Ricardo Enrique , Urías-Arbolaez Graciela de la Caridad
Published: January 2025

Las formas de culminación de estudios en los programas de posgrados son disímiles, en tanto responden a variados propósitos, características y condiciones sobre los que se construye y desarrolla el programa. Entre estas formas para finalizar los estudios que se adoptan en programas de cuarto nivel se encuentran aquellas que responden a perspectivas de tipo metodológicas, tal es el caso de la clase metodológica instructiva. El objetivo del artículo es reflexionar sobre la clase metodológica instructiva como propuesta para culminar los estudios de posgrados con trayectoria profesional. A través del análisis documental, la observación y las entrevistas se realiza el estudio del tema y arriba a conclusiones. Este tipo de clase se asocia, generalmente, al trabajo docente-metodológico organizado como sistema de trabajo, donde la clase metodológica instructiva es una de las formas que adopta. Con la proyección de este tipo de clase como forma para culminar los estudios de posgrados, se rescata y/u ofrece un nivel de prioridad a la vertiente metodológica en la formación de cuarto nivel, junto a la formación teórica y práctica. Se analizan tres elementos distintivos en el proceso de construcción de la clase metodológica instructiva: el objetivo metodológico, el problema conceptual metodológico y la base conceptual sobre la que se construye la clase. De igual forma se propone un estructura mínima y flexible para presentar este tipo de forma de culminación de estudios, así como sugerencias para su evaluación.
Exposición didáctica artístico-literaria: percepción del alumnado
Authors: Trigueros-Molina Juan Carlos
Published: January 2025

El presente artículo muestra los procedimientos seguidos para la elaboración de una exposición artístico-literaria cervantina, ideada para grupos de escolares. El texto se construye en base a dos líneas: la primera, expone los motivos de la elección de las obras, del escenario, la táctica y el método practicado; y, la segunda, exhibe, por medio de tablas estadísticas analizadas, el grado de satisfacción a través de encuestas, de 133 niños de diferentes edades.