bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Platón y la política como cuidado de las pasiones: sobre el tratamiento de la benevolencia en el Gorgias = Politics as care of the passions in Plato: on the treatment of benevolence in the Gorgias
Authors: Gómez Pérez Gustavo
Published: June 2020

Resumen: Sócrates, en el Gorgias (521d) , afirma ser el único ateniense que practica en su tiempo el verdadero arte político. En este artículo se interpreta esta aserción desde el análisis del verbo θεραπεύω , que en el contexto del diálogo puede traducirse como “servir”, “cuidar” o “atender” (513e, 521a), y que alude primariamente al carácter terapéutico de la política en analogía con la medicina, aunque eventualmente también se usa para referir, por ejemplo, al entrenamiento de los caballos (516e). La tesis central es que Sócrates entiende el ejercicio de la política como cuidado de las pasiones, y de su relación con la benevolencia, que se define como una disposición afectiva básica y esencialmente política. A manera de conclusión, se plantea que el ejercicio socrático de la política depende de las posibilidades performativas del lenguaje, y está determinado por una tensión irreductible entre lo político y lo apolítico.Palabras clave: Platón, Gorgias, política, pasiones, benevolencia.Abstract:  In the Gorgias (521d), Socrates claims to be the only Athenian who practices the real art of politics in his time. The present paper interprets this assertion based on an analysis of the Greek verb θεραπεύω, which in the context of the dialogue means “serving”, “caring”, or “tending” (513e, 521a). It alludes primarily to the therapeutic character of politics by analogy with medicine, but it also can refer to the training of horses (516e).  Socrates understands the practice of politics as a way of taking care of the passions, and of their relation to goodwill, which is considered to be a necessary affective disposition that is inherently political. Socratic political n practice depends on the performative possibilities of language. An irreducible tension between the political and the apolitical determines it. Keywords: Plato, Gorgias, politics, passions, benevolence.
CONFLICTS IN ISLAMIC JURISDICTION
Authors: Miharja Jaya
Published: June 2020

An interesting and easily visible phenomenon in the study of Islamic law is the existence of several concepts in pairs, for example, the concepts of zahir and mind, muhkamat and mutasyabihat, qat'iy and zanni, reason and revelation, as well as idealists and realists and so on. The problem that can arise is how to understand and position these concepts proportionally. Because it cannot be denied that there are parties who see dichotomously the phenomena of the pairing concepts. Can we say that there is no dichotomy between the paired concepts? This was observed by Coulson, who was originally a serial lecture material at Chicago University, United States.
THE ASSOCIATION BETWEEN BODY MASS INDEX AND HANDGRIP STRENGTH AMONG HIV AND AIDS INPATIENTS
Authors: Sectio Nugraheny Ananda Zahrah , Farapti Farapti
Published: June 2020

Background: Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) and Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) patients are vulnerable to a decreasing nutritional status. Nutritional status is one of the factors that can affect body mass, which correlates with handgrip strength. Purpose: This study aims to describe the body mass index (BMI) and handgrip strength profiles of HIV and AIDS inpatients. Method: A cross-sectional design was used in this observational study. The population were HIV and AIDS inpatients between August and September 2018. The patients were selected using a purposive sampling technique; 16 patients met the inclusion criteria of the study. Primary data were collected via questionnaire and measuring handgrip strength, while secondary data were collected from the patients’ medical records. A descriptive test was used for the analysis. Results: Most of the HIV and AIDS inpatients were male (81.25%), were between 20 and 39 years old (75.00%), were employed (50.00%), had a middle education level (62.50%), had been hospitalized for four to five days (categorized as a short length of stay; 75.00%), had been diagnosed with HIV for five years or more (87.50%), and were in the third HIV clinical stage (68.75%). The HIV and AIDS inpatients had an average BMI of 19.19±2.48 kg/m2; with 18.75% severely underweight patients, 25% mildly underweight patients, and no overweight patients. The average handgrip strength was 20.58±10.6 kg and 43.75% of patients were classified as having a low handgrip strength. Conclusion: Malnutrition still leads to nutritional problems in HIV and AIDS inpatients.
CORRELATION BETWEEN SMOKE-FREE AREAS AND SMOKING BEHAVIOR IN INDONESIA
Authors: Fahmi Mohamad Anis
Published: June 2020

Background: Low public awareness of the impact of smoking makes the implementation of smoke-free areas (KTR) difficult. Smoke-free areas aim to protect the public from the direct and indirect effects of smoking. Purpose: This study aimed to analyze the correlation between the application of smoke-free areas and the prevalence of active and ex-smokers in Indonesia. Method: This study implemented a cross-sectional design, using secondary data from the Riskesdas 2018 on active and ex-smokers. KTR application data were obtained from the Profile of Non-Communicable Diseases in 2016. A Pearson product-moment test was conducted by a computer application to determine the correlation coefficient (r). This coefficient was used to describe the level of correlation between the two variables; significance was determined as a p value of 5%. Results: This study showed that the average application of KTR throughout Indonesia was 50.83%, active smokers comprised 23.49% of the population, and ex-smokers comprised 4.94%. Most active smokers were in Java and Sumatra, while the majority of ex-smokers were in Java and Sulawesi and the majority of KTR was in Java. This study shows that there is a positive correlation between KTR application and the percentage of ex-smokers (r = 0.46; p value = 0.01). Conclusion: There is a positive correlation between the application of KTR and an increase in ex-smokers. The government needs to increase the application of KTR policies.
TREATMENT OUTCOMES OF MULTIDRUG RESISTANT TUBERCULOSIS PATIENTS IN EAST JAVA FROM 2014 TO 2017
Authors: Fitriya Lailatul , Artanti Kurnia Dwi
Published: June 2020

Background: Multidrug resistant tuberculosis (MDR TB) is a major public health problem marked by the Mycobacterium tuberculosis strain that is resistant to first line anti TB drugs, including rifampicin and isoniazid simultaneously. A patient confirmed as having MDR TB can transmit this form of TB to other individuals. Therefore, treatment success is the main target when addressing MDR TB. Purpose: This study aimed to assess the treatment outcomes of MDR TB patients in East Java Province from 2014 to 2017. Method: This is a quantitative-descriptive study using the secondary data of drug resistant TB patients sourced from the e-TB Manager website in the East Java Province Health Office. Results: The results show that the average MDR TB patients was 47 years old, 57.44% were male, 37.52% had a negative HIV status, 44.87% were relapse patients, 71.95% had undergone two or less previous treatments, and 69.24% had sputum culture conversion. The treatment outcomes included 161 patients (31.14%) confirmed as cured, 27 patients (5.22%) completing treatment, 174 patients (33.65%) defaulting, two patients (0.38%) confirmed as having failed treatment, and 59 patients (11.41%) dying during the treatment period. Conclusion: The treatment success rate was low and the number of defaults was high. Therefore, it is hoped that there will be support from those closest to the patient and health workers who will maintain and increase the patient's motivation to complete the treatment.
Pecalang: Dinamika Kontestasi Kekuasaan di Bali
Authors: Pramana Gede Indra
Published: June 2020

Discussions on Bali today are dominated by the hustle and bustle of tourism. Bali is often depicted asexclusive territory free from politics. Therefore, readings about Bali are commonly analysed in thecontext of tourism development. This article tries to show that Bali is not merely an exotic paradise.By reviewing pecalang, the guardian of traditional customs in Bali, it will be shown that powerstruggles take place in the meaning of pecalang. The genealogy of power in Bali also shows thatpower is truly embedded in the everyday life of the Balinese.
Lawikan Kera Ngalam di Tengah Arus Globalisasi
Authors: Rachmawaty Iin
Published: June 2020

Kebudayaan yang kita kenal sangat khas Malang dan masih terus bertahan meski banyakdihantam berbagai macam kebudayaan luar adalah bahasa prokem atau yang lebih dikenaldengan sebutan bahasa walikan, dan Arek Malang menyebutnya dengan istilah “LawikanKera Ngalam”. Orang asli Malang sering sekali berkomunikasi menggunakan bahasawalikan ini dan tampaknya karena saking terbiasanya, mereka langsung bicara tanpa berpikirterlebih dahulu. Bila kita bukan orang asli Malang, maka tentunya kita akan merasakesulitan memahami apa yang orang bicarakan. Bahasa prokem ini sendiri telah menjadisuatu kebanggaan Arek Malang sehingga di manapun mereka berada, mereka akan selaluberusaha untuk tidak menghilangkan ciri khas daerah asal mereka dengan melakukanpercakapan menggunakan bahasa prokem. Selain itu, penggunaan bahasa prokem bagi arekMalang adalah suatu penanda identitas dan sebagai suatu media yang mengakrabkan satudan lainnya.
HUBUNGAN ANTARA KEWARGANEGARAAN LINGKUNGAN TERHADAP PERILAKU LINGKUNGAN SISWA DI SEKOLAH ADIWIYATA
Authors: Yusuf Rusli , Sanusi Sanusi , Maimun Maimun , Fajri Iwan , Putra Irwan
Published: June 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis korelasi antara kewarganegaraan lingkungan dengan perilaku lingkungan siswa di Sekolah Adiwiyata di Kota Banda Aceh. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dengan desain korelasional. Studi ini dilakukan di sekolah Madrasah Aliyah Darul Ulum dan Madrasah Aliyah Babun Najah Kota Banda Aceh dengan jumlah sampel penelitian 82 orang siswa dari 2 sekolah yang menjadi tempat penelitian. Data dikumpulkan dari 82 orang siswa di sekolah Darul Ulum dan Babun Najah dengan menggunakan kuesioner kewarganegaraan lingkungan dan perilaku lingkungan. Data kuantitatifa dianalisis menggunakan statistik deskriptif dan korelasi Pearson dengan bantuan program aplikasi SPSS versi 22 untuk Windows.  Analisis statistik deskriptif penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat 61 (74,4) Baik, 11 (13,4 %) sangat baik dan 10 (12, 2 %) cukup. Selanjutnya data di analisis korelasi mendapatkan hasil terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara kewarganegaraan lingkungan terhadap perilaku lingkungan siswa.  Hal ini di buktikan dengan hasil dari analisis korelasi Pearson dengan aplikasi SPSS dengan nilai sebesar 0,438 > r tabel 0,217, sehingga dapat disimpulkan adanya korelasi antara variabel kewarganegaraan lingkungan dengan variabel perilaku lingkungan. Hasil temuan ini sangat berkaitan dengan kurikulum dan proses pembelajaran yang diajarkan di masing-masing sekolah. Setiap guru di sekolah  harus mengintegrasikan setiap mata pelajaran di sekolah yang berwawasan lingkungan untuk meningkatkan kesadaran dan perilaku dalam menjaga lingkungan.Kata Kunci : Kewarganegaraan Lingkungan, Perilaku Lingkungan, Sekolah Adiwiyata
KRITIK WARGA PADA RUU OMNIBUS LAW DALAM PARADIGMA CRITICAL LEGAL STUDIES
Authors: Gultom Andri Fransiskus , Reresi Marsianus
Published: June 2020

Problem hukum termuat dalam draft Rancangan Undang-Undang Cipta Lapangan Kerja. Pemerintah sebagai lembaga eksekutif berintensi menyederhanakan, meringkaskan, dan mengakselarasi adanya hukum yang bisa merangkum semua demi semua kepentingan warga (omnibus law). Kritik dari warga bermunculan pasca draft RUU itu diusulkan ke Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat, karena ada beberapa kekeliruan substansial dan teknis. Penelitian ini akan mengkaji draft RUU dari perspektif Critical Legal Study (CLS). Adapun metode yang digunakan adalah kualitatif analitik. Hasil penelitian ditemukan: (1) ada kekeliruan dalam pemberian nama pada draft Rancangan Undang-Undang Omnibus Law; (2) ada ketidaksesuaian di pasal 170 dari RUU tersebut dengan asas lex superior derogat legi inferior; (3) adanya ignorantia yang berkonsekuensi pada hidup para pekerja terkait dengan pemberian kewenangan penuh kebijakan di tangan para pengusaha. Keterlibatan pemerintah dan adanya pertimbangan dari serikat pekerja menjadi rekomendasi agar ada jaminan bagi para pekerja.Kata-kata kunci: kritik warga, omnibus law, critical legal study, warga sip
PENGUATAN KETERLIBATAN WARGA NEGARA DALAM PEMBANGUNAN BERKELANJUTAN MELALUI PROGRAM KOPERASI SERBA USAHA
Authors: Wadu Ludovikus Bomans , Ladamay Iskandar , Jenia Agata
Published: June 2020

Penelitian ini memberikan gambaran keterlibatan warga negara dalam pembangunan berkelanjutan melalui program Koperasi Serba Usaha Sampah Komodo. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan jenis penelitian Studi Kasus. Teknik penggumpulan data menggunakan obeservasi, wawancara dan dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukan keterlibatan warga negara dalam pembangunan berkelanjutan melalui Program Koperasi Serba Usaha Sampah Komodo dilakukan dengan mengatasi masalah sampah yang ada di Kota Labuan Bajo. Kegiatan ini dilakukan dengan memberikan sosialisasi, edukasi, dan workshop kepada masyarakat, dan sekolah-sekolah. Bentuk kegiatan yang dilakukan setelah mengadakan sosialisasi, edukasi, dan workshop adalah mengajak masyarakat untuk melakukan pemungutan sampah di pinggiran pantai dan di sekitaran lingkungan desa sebagai bentuk kerja bakti, dan mendaur ulang sampah. Kegiatan kegiatan seperti ini merupakan bentuk Pendidikan Kewarganegaraan yang dilakukan diluar sekolah dalam konteks citizenship education. Dengan kegiatan ini juga mendukung tujuan akhir dari Pendidikan Kewarganegaraan yaitu menjadikan warga negara yang baik dan cerdas dengan mengajak warga negara agar terlibat mewujudkan pembanguan berkelanjutan.
STUDI FENOMENOLOGI IBU THALLER DI RUMAH SAKIT UMUM DAERAH KARAWANG
Authors: Nursanti Siti , Frissilya Vinny Putri , Tayo Yanti , Utamidewi Wahyu
Published: June 2020

Thalassemia is a blood disorder or acute anemia that cannot be cured. The role of a mother in caring for a child is the most important role, especially for a mother of a term Thaller used for thalassemia patients. In caring for a Thaller the mother will have its meaning about Thalassemia and has a business looking for treatment with certain reasons to keep her child healthy. This study relates to how the mother interpreted Thalassemia and how the mother's communication experience in carrying out her profession as a mother Thaller. The researcher used a qualitative method with a phenomenological approach to a study that wanted to gain knowledge about a mother Thaller in interpreting her profession from the results of her conscious experience. The theory used in this study is the Phenomenology theory Alferd Schutz and the Symbolic Interaction theory. With 3 informants. The results of the research on the meaning of Thalassemia according to the informants' point of view are that Thalassemia is not an obstacle in getting along and facing the general public and is not a differentiator that makes their children different from other children and makes Thalassemia a test of life that must be faced in any form. Their motive for continuing treatment for their children is that they want their children to be healthy and heal, even though in reality they cannot be cured and must continue to undergo treatment without any complaints.
KONSUMSI DAN PRODUKSI MUSIK DIGITAL PADA ERA INDUSTRI KREATIF
Authors: Habibi Cahya Berto , Irwansyah Irwansyah
Published: June 2020

The development of technology makes new practices in consuming music in the digital age. Music fans and connoisseurs are facilitated in accessing music every day, this is not spared from the large role of digitalization, so that music lovers can access their music anywhere. Consumption of digital music has made music producers look for new ways of producing music, which used to be done analogously to digital, where the direction of sales changed from what is usually done by retail stores changed to digital markets. With changing production and consumption patterns, several companies have provided a medium for publication and consuming music to appreciate these musicians and avoid piracy. Medium (Platform) that is used in the same way as digital music stores, by subscribing to listen to all the music in the company's database. The ease of production and consumption of music can be accessed on several platforms such as Spotify, Joox, and Apple Music. The method used in this paper is a desk review by collecting secondary data from various scientific sources, such as: journal articles, websites, and a collection of reports on music in the digital age.
KERAGAMAN PENGADUAN LAYANAN PUBLIK DI KALIMATAN SELATAN MELALUI APLIKASI SP4N LAPOR!
Authors: Hamjen Hilarion , Nikmah Rachma Ainun
Published: June 2020

Regulation of Ministry of Empowerment of State Apparatus and Bureaucratic No. 3 year 2015 mandates the implementation of technology-based national public complaints management and each region integrated by the Lapor ! SP4N  application include in South Kalimantan. The Sp4N lapor ! application is used to make complaints related to public service issues. However there is no research about the diversity of public service complaints by Lapor application in South Kalimantan. In order that this research was conducted which aims to find out the diversity of complaints by  Lapor application in South Kalimantan. This study uses a quantitative approach supported by qualitative using saturated sampling techniques to the Lapor aplication users who are willing to be surveyed in April 2018 in Banjarmasin City, Banjarbaru City, Banjar District and South Kalimantan Province. The results showed that in Banjarmasin City, Banjarbaru and Banjar District had similarities in terms of the variety of reports that were reported with frequencies of 1 to 2 reports and the reported problems that were mostly reported were quite diverse but the most dominant was reports is related to the damage of road infrastructure. While the informan  education and occupation are quite varied, there are backgrounds from Senior dan junior high school,  then entrepreneurs, government employees or policeman or national Army. Public are constrainted  when the internet access is slow or unavailable. Another constrain is because they do not understand about the use of the application.  As for the public who has already know but reluctant to report because they are afraid of the consequences of reporting, security and comfort is disrupted.
STRATEGI PENCITRAAN PARTAI DEMOKRAT WILAYAH KOTA BANJARMASIN SAAT PEMILU TAHUN 2019
Authors: Fahrianoor Fahrianoor
Published: June 2020

The Democratic Party in the 2004 General Elections entered the top five political parties with the highest electability in Indonesia. This party's victory was not only achieved at the central level but also the regional level. The party's positive trend continued into the 2009 elections. The Democratic Party experienced a significant decline in votes in 2014 due to the issue of corruption. The decline in votes has certainly had an impact on the preparation of the Democratic Party in the 2019 elections. The Democratic Party must prepare an appropriate political winning strategy, both at the central and regional levels. This study aims to determine the Democratic Party's imaging strategy in the city of Banjarmasin. This research uses a qualitative method, with a qualitative descriptive approach. The theory used in this study is the theory of empathy. The results showed that there were three imaging strategies carried out by the Democratic Party, namely imaging through the management of issues, through consulting services, and mass media. This imaging strategy is managed for the 2019 elections. This research generates suggestions that the Democratic Party should utilize issues that can improve the party's image. The Democratic Party should also use the services of political consultants from professional circles to boost the party's positive image. The use of mass media should also not be limited to party leaders, but the level of functionaries.
TRADUÇÃO DE TEXTOS BÍBLICOS PARA A LINGUAGEM POPULAR: A EXPERIÊNCIA DO CENTRO BÍBLICO DE BELO HORIZONTE
Authors: Cantarela Antonio Geraldo
Published: June 2020

Este artigo aborda algumas questões relacionadas à tradução de textos bíblicos para a linguagem popular. Tem como pano de fundo a experiência de leitura da Bíblia em Círculos Bíblicos e Comunidades Eclesiais de Base, no Brasil, nos anos 80 do século XX. Remete, em linhas gerais, à experiência de produção de subsídios bíblicos por uma equipe conhecida então como Centro Bíblico de Belo Horizonte. Objetiva-se aqui destacar, de modo particular, algumas preocupações e alguns pressupostos levados em conta por aquela equipe na tradução dos textos bíblicos, bem como apresentar, com pequenos comentários, alguns resultados do trabalho de tradução. Este texto foi construído metodologicamente como memorial crítico daquela experiência pastoral, respaldado na leitura de subsídios então publicados. Além de considerações gerais sobre o trabalho de tradução popular da Bíblia, o ensaio traz a tradução de excertos de algumas passagens da Bíblia, inclusive nos formatos de salmo alfabético, quadra e cordel.
EM FORMA DE DEUS, EM FORMA DE ESCRAVO: A PROPÓSITO DA TRADUÇÃO DE MORPHḖ, -ḖS, EM FL 2,6-7 NAS EDIÇÕES DA BÍBLIA NO BRASIL
Authors: Malzoni Cláudio Vianney
Published: June 2020

O hino cristológico da Carta aos Filipenses começa com a frase hós en morphḗi theoû hupárchōn (Fl 2,6a). O presente artigo tem como objetivo mostrar como essa frase aparece traduzida nas edições da Bíblia em circulação no Brasil, bem como explorar as interpretações que lhe foram dadas em notas. A atenção será para a tradução da palavra morphḗ, que ocorre também no versículo seguinte, na expressão morphēn doúlon labṓn (Fl 2,7b), e ainda em Mc 16,12. Após essa apresentação, também será dado o significado de morphē em dicionários, suas ocorrências na Septuaginta, e as ocorrências de palavras cognatas no Novo Testamento. A questão que norteia a pesquisa e a da possibilidade da utilização, em vista da tradução, de algum significado derivado de morphē, uma vez que seu significado principal, forma, causa estranheza na expressão: “forma de Deus”.
Scientific Publishing: Education as the Key Enabler for the Transition to Open Science
Authors: Pagliaro Mario
Published: June 2020

After showing how the advent of the internet, in an almost opposite fashion to what happened to newspaper publishing, has led to further flourishing of the $25 billion scholarly publishing industry, I show how the unexpected expansion of preprints to all scientific disciplines beyond physics, mathematics and computer science is actually reshaping scientific communication at large and then, inevitably, scientific publishing. I thus provide arguments substantiating my viewpoint on why and how expanding the education of today’s students and young researchers to include modern scholarly communication will be instrumental for the transition to open science.
A New Advanced In silico Drug Discovery Method for Novel Coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) with Tensor Decomposition-based Unsupervised Feature Extraction
Authors: Taguchi Y-H. , Turki Turki
Published: June 2020

Background: COVID-19 is a critical pandemic that has affected human communities worldwide, and there is an urgent need to develop effective drugs. Although there are a large number of candidate drug compounds that may be useful for treating COVID-19, the evaluation of these drugs is time-consuming and costly. Thus, screening to identify potentially effective drugs prior to experimental validation is necessary. Method: In this study, we applied the recently proposed method tensor decomposition (TD)-based unsupervised feature extraction (FE) to gene expression profiles of multiple lung cancer cell lines infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2. We identified drug candidate compounds that significantly altered the expression of the 163 genes selected by TD-based unsupervised FE. Results: Numerous drugs were successfully screened, including many known antiviral drug compounds such as C646, chelerythrine chloride, canertinib, BX-795, sorafenib, sorafenib, QL-X-138, radicicol, A-443654, CGP-60474, alvocidib, mitoxantrone, QL-XII-47, geldanamycin, fluticasone, atorvastatin, quercetin, motexafin gadolinium, trovafloxacin, doxycycline, meloxicam, gentamicin, and dibromochloromethane. The screen also identified ivermectin, which was first identified as an anti-parasite drug and recently the drug was included in clinical trials for SARS-CoV-2. Conclusions: The drugs screened using our strategy may be effective candidates for treating patients with COVID-19.
Infodemic: How an Epidemic of Misinformation Could Lead to a High Number of the Novel Corona Virus Disease Cases in Uganda
Authors: Nannyonga Betty K. , Wanyenze Rhoda K. , Kaleebu Pontiano , Ssenkusu John M. , Sengooba Freddie , Lutalo Tom , Kirungi Willford , Makumbi Fredrick Edward , Kyobe Bosa Henry , Ssembatya Vincent A. , Mwebesa Henry , Atwine Diana , Aceng Jane Ruth , Tegegn Woldermariam Yonas
Published: June 2020

Misinformation during the COVID-19 outbreak has shaped our perception of the disease. Some people thinkthe disease is a bioweapon while others are convinced that it is a hoax. Heightened anxiety often producesfearful rumors, some of which are absurd while others seem plausible and are laced with some truths. But, how does misinformation affect disease spread? In this paper, we construct a mathematical model parameterized by Ugandan data, to study the effect of misinformation on community COVID-19 spread. The analysis shows that misinformation leads to high number of COVID-19 cases in a community, and the effect is highest in the rumour initiators and spreaders. This analysis underscores the importance of addressing misinformation in COVID risk communication.
Challenges and Possibilities of Online Education during Covid-19
Authors: Alam Alaul
Published: June 2020

Online class now is the demand of the day as little scopes are to find out alternatives to online class in these unprecedented days caused by corona pandemic across the globe. The study was qualitative in approach and data were collected from secondary sources i.e. different newspapers and journals in the recent times along with a mini interview with students of private universities studying in different subjects over mobile phone by the researcher. Findings of the study show that though online education has a number of challenges faced by two main stakeholders; students and teachers, handling all these challenges carefully can have the chance to create a positive atmosphere in the field of education as an alternative teaching learning resulting in positive outcomes in all regards.
Multiresponsive Hybrid Microparticles for Stimuli-Responsive Delivery of Bioactive Compounds
Authors: Vlasov Sergei , Postnikov Pavel , Belousov Mikhail , Krivoshchekov Sergei , Yusubov Mekhman , Guryev Artem , Di Martino Antonio
Published: June 2020

Hybrid microparticles based on an iron core and amphiphilic shell have been prepared to respond simultaneously to external (magnetic and ultrasounds field) and internal (pH) stimuli for delivery of the anticancer drug doxorubicin. The microparticles have been prepared in three main steps; including surface modification of the iron core followed by conjugation with the amphiphilic chitosan and drug loading. The particles demonstrate spherical shape and dimension in the range 1-3 m with tunable surface charge by changing the pH of surrounding environment. The microparticles demonstrate good stability in simulated physiological solutions and able to allocate up to 400 g of drug per mg of bare carrier. The response to ultrasound and the changes in the shell structure when exposed to different pH allows to control the doxorubicin release. In vitro cytotoxicity tests performed on fibloblast NIH/3T3 demonstrate a reduction in the cell viability when doxorubicin was administrated by microparticles compared to the free formulation; in particular when ultrasound were applied. The bare microparticles demonstrate cytocompatibility and hemocompatibility up to 50g/mL and 60 g/mL, respectively.
Mycobacterium bovis Population Structure in Cattle and Local Badgers: Co-localisation and Variation by Farm Type
Authors: Milne Georgina , Allen Adrian , Graham Jordon , Kirke Raymond , McCormick Carl , Presho Eleanor , Skuce Robin , Byrne Andrew
Published: June 2020

Bovine tuberculosis surveillance in Northern Ireland includes Multiple-Locus Variable number tandem repeat Analysis (MLVA) to determine the Mycobacterium bovis genetic type present in both cattle, and the predominant wildlife host, the European badger (Meles meles). These data are informative for investigating clusters of infection and understanding the scale at which interspecific transmission may occur. We utilised a comprehensive dataset of routinely sampled isolates from infected cattle and from badgers killed in road-traffic accidents to investigate the spatial co-location of MLVA types in, and between, the badger and cattle populations. Furthermore, we investigate the hypothesis that the farming enterprise type might explain some variation in this relationship. MLVA types were spatially co-localised in cattle and RTA badger hosts, indicative of a shared epidemic. Dairy herds were more likely to have at least one MLVA type in common with nearby RTA badgers, compared to non-dairy herd types. Marginally more MLVA spatial clustering was observed in non-dairy herds, which may be a consequence relatively more between-herd movements. For the cattle population, local transmission mechanisms such as infection from contiguous herds, infectious wildlife and short-range between-herd cattle movements appear primarily to drive the epidemic: there appears to be a more limited role for long-range movements. Animal management practices are likely the driving force behind this observation, as beef rearing is associated with elevated numbers of animal movements compared to dairy herds.
On the Fundamental Constants of Nature
Authors: Humpherys David
Published: June 2020

Planck units of length, mass, and time are fundamental constants of nature. Traditional constants including Planck's constant, the gravitational constant, the elementary charge, and many others are comprised of these three fundamental units. Physics equations are functions in which maximum potentials defined by the Planck units are reduced by one or more proportionality operators, producing observed quantities of natural phenomena. Natural symmetries constrain the relationships between length, mass, and time, yielding the physical dynamics of momentum, action, force, and energy. The Planck units quantify mechanical, gravitational, and electromagnetic properties of the universe and offer a common language for interpreting the standard model interactions. Units associated with the electromagnetic interaction are translated into units of length, mass, and time, including the coulomb, ampere, volt, tesla, henry, weber, farad, ohm, and siemen.
Timing of Complementary Feeding in Preterm Infants is not Associated with Early Adiposity Rebound: Longitudinal Analysis of BMI Data from Birth to 7 Years
Authors: Baldassarre Maria Elisabetta , Di Mauro Antonio , Caroli Margherita , Schettini Federico , Rizzo Valentina , De Giorgi Alessia , Fanelli Margherita , Laforgia Nicola
Published: June 2020

Background: Adiposity rebound (AR) refers to the second rise of the BMI curve that usually occurs physiologically between 5 and 7 years of age. AR timing has a great impact on children´s health, being the early adiposity rebound (EAR) associated with the development of metabolic disease later in life. Aim: We aimed to investigate the prevalence of EAR in a cohort of preterm newborns. Secondary outcomes evaluated if some determinants such as (1) gender (male/female), (2) type of delivery (caesarean/vaginal), (3) birth weight (SGA/NGA/LGA), (4) type of feeding (5) duration of breastfeeding, (6) timing of introduction of solid food, (7) parental education and (8) parental pre-pregnancy BMI can influence EAR in this cohort. Tertiary aim was to evaluate the prevalence of obesity or overweight at 7 years of age in children according to early versus timely AR. Methods: This is a perspective, population-based longitudinal study, where infants born preterm were evaluated at birth and at 1, 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18, 24 months and 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 years of gestational-corrected age. Weight and height data were analyzed, and BMI was calculated. AR was assessed in the growth trajectory in a body mass index (BMI) plot. Results: Of the 250 preterm newborns included, 100 completed the 7 years follow-up and entered in the final analysis. The prevalence of EAR in our cohort of preterm newborns was 54%. EAR was associated with being LGA at birth. No other factors were associated to EAR. Early adiposity rebounders have a significant higher BMI at 7 years compared to children with timely AR (17.2 ±2.7 vs 15.6 ± 2.05, p=0.021). No significant differences were found in the prevalence of obesity or overweight at 7 years of age in children with early or timely AR (29% vs 14% p=0.202). Conclusions: Clinical management of preterm infants should focus on reducing excess weight gain to prevent long-term metabolic risk. Others neonatal factors are not associated to an higher risk of EAR.
Non-Synonymous Mutation Analysis in SARS-CoV-2 Variants Isolated from Humans and Prediction of Conserved Linear Antibody Epitopes for Use in Country-wise Epitope-Based Vaccine Development
Authors: Kumar Pankaj , Sharma Kunal , Khan Naima Noor , Sana Hamza Bin , Khan Mohammad Ali
Published: June 2020

COVID-19 pandemic has caused a large-scale havoc in almost every country across the globe, putting major challenges for the healthcare system in many parts of the world. Several of the laboratories are running in the race with undying efforts for developing potential vaccine, drugs or therapeutics to treat or prevent the infection. However, with the limited time window and high rate of infection, the task is very big for humanity to find a cure. With hundreds of genomic data of SARS-CoV-2 virus isolates from humans are being submitted almost every day, it is coming into knowledge that virus is mutating, slower in countries with sporadic cases, but higher in countries experiencing large outbreak. These types of mutations in virus may bring challenges in vaccine or therapeutic development for use in each and every country, as each hotspot region may have their own pattern of mutations in virus with ongoing outbreak. In our current study, we retrieved non-synonymous mutation data of around 12,225 SARS-CoV-2 virus samples isolated from humans globally, and discovered all mutations that are collectively happening in antibody epitope regions of the virus country-wise. We found a few numbers of epitope regions in SARS-CoV-2 that are highly conserved collectively in all variants and may be used for epitope-based vaccine development for whole world. We also found epitope regions that are conserved collectively in SARS-CoV-2 variants country-wise and can be used for customized epitope-based vaccine development in each different country.
Peningkatan Kapasitas Usaha Mina Mandiri Melalui Pelatihan Pemasaran Produk Olahan Ikan
Authors: Ulfa Amalia Nadifta , Barokah Umi , Darsono Darsono , Fajarningsih Rhina Uchyani , Sutrisno Joko , Supardi Suprapti
Published: June 2020

Pendapatan yang diperoleh dari pekerjaan utama sebagai petani padi belum mampu mencukupi kebutuhan keluarga petani Desa Sindumartani, Ngemplak, Sleman. Untuk itu penduduk memanfaatkan sebagian lahan untuk budidaya ikan nila. Ternyata dari usaha budidaya ikan nila belum memberikan tambahan pendapatan yang signifikan. Hal ini dikarenakan petani memasarkan ikan segar dengan teknik sederhana (konvensional) dengan lingkup yang terbatas. Kelompok Tani Ikan Mina Mandiri dituntut untuk lebih kreatif menetapkan strategi pemasaran sehingga produknya lebih dikenal, diminati konsumen dan menjangkau pasar lebih luas. Untuk itu sangat diperlukan pelatihan pemasaran guna meningkatkan kapasitas usahanya. Upaya memasarkan dengan menggabungkan strategi offline dan online strategi. Pengabdian ini dilakukan dalam rangka memberikan pelatihan pemasaran. Adanya pelatihan pemasaran ini mampu memberikan pengetahuan pemasaran yang tepat untuk produk olahan ikan nila, sehingga dapat memperluas wilayah pemasaran dan meningkatkan kapasitas usaha kelompok.
Pengendalian Pencemaran Limbah Domestik sebagai Upaya Rehabilitasi Pesisir di Desa Malangrapat, Kabupaten Bintan
Authors: Pratama Ginanjar , Kurniawan Itok Dwi , Ilhamdy Aidil Fadli
Published: June 2020

Desa Malangrapat merupakan salah satu destinasi wisata pantai yang sangat menjanjikan di wilayah Kabupaten Bintan. Banyaknya wisatawan yang datang tiap tahun membuat daerah tersebut mengalami penurunan kualitas lingkungan pantai akibat buangan sampah domestik. Hal itu terlihat dari banyaknya sampah yang berada di bibir pantai dan berkurangnya tangkapan nelayan. Upaya awal dalam menjaga kelestarian lingkungan pesisir yaitu dengan cara sosialisasi tentang pengendalian limbah domestik di daerah tersebut. Peran serta masyarakat untuk menjaga daerah wisata di Desa Malangrapat sangat berpengaruh, mengingat sebagian besar masyarakat berprofesi sebagai nelayan. Tujuan kegiatan ini adalah mengedukasi masyarakat nelayan agar mengetahui cara mengendalikan cemaran limbah domestik. Tahapan kegiatan ini yaitu, tahap persiapan (koordinasi dengan Kepala Desa), field study (survei limbah domestik di pesisir pantai dan survei pengetahuan masyarakat tentang limbah domestik), dan yang terakhir adalah sosialisasi-evaluasi (sosialisasi tentang pengendalian pencemaran limbah domestik dan evaluasi pengujian baku mutu air). Hasil yang diperoleh dari kegiatan ini adalah meningkatnya pemahaman masyarakat tentang cara mengendalikan cemaran limbah domestik.
Osteoporosis and Spine Surgery
Authors: Diebo Bassel G. , Sheikh Basel , Freilich Michael , Shah Neil V. , Redfern James A.I. , Tarabichi Saad , Shepherd Elian M. , Lafage Renaud , Passias Peter G. , Najjar Salem , Schwab Frank J. , Lafage Virginie , Paulino Carl B.
Published: June 2020

» Despite being part of the aging process, early and adequate management of osteoporosis mitigates adverse outcomes associated with low bone mineral density.

» Although the health-care burden of osteoporosis is on the rise, screening and management of osteoporosis are not yet an integral part of preoperative patient evaluation in spine surgery.

» Patients with osteoporosis should undergo multidisciplinary evaluation and management, including lifestyle modifications and initiation of multiple therapeutic modalities.

» Integrating osteoporosis in preoperative optimization and surgical planning for patients undergoing spine surgery has the potential to mitigate osteoporosis-related postoperative complications.
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus and Associated Health Risk Outcomes in Mothers and Neonates
Authors: Adoyo Maureen Atieno , Kombe Yeri M.
Published: June 2020

Globally, Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) pregnancy complication is estimated at 200,000 cases annually with serious consequences for maternal and neonatal health. A cohort study to establish GDM risks and associated health outcomes was conducted among 238 women attending an antenatal clinic in selected health facilities in Nairobi, Kenya. Results indicated that mothers with GDM are four times more likely to have varied physical discomforts and complicated deliveries as a result of high neonatal birth weight. There is a need to advocate for the inclusion of diabetes testing and management as part of Kenya's Essential Health Services Package to realize positive health outcomes among women.
Influence of Representative Models in the Expected Value of Information Applied to Petroleum Fields Development
Authors: Santos Letícia Siqueira , Santos Susana Margarida , Santos Antonio Alberto , Schiozer Denis José , Silva Luis Otávio
Published: June 2020

The Expected Value of Information (EVoI) is a criterion to analyze the feasibility of acquiring new information to deal with uncertainties and improve decisions at any stage of an oil field. Here, we evaluate the influence of the use of representative models (RM) on the EVoI estimation and on the decision to develop the petroleum field. These RM are used to represent a large set of models that honor production data (FM), considering uncertainties in reservoir, fluid and economic parameters, enabling the following processes: (1) optimize production strategies (specialized for each RM and robust to all RM), (2) risk analysis, (3) select the strategy to develop the field based on risk analysis, and (4) estimate the EVoI. We evaluated the influence of the number of RM on these processes, observing the impacts on the results of reducing computational costs. For the EVoI, we applied a Complete (EVoI_FM) and a Simplified (EVoI_RM) methodology, where EVoI_FM was evaluated with all models (FM) while EVoI_RM used different groups with different numbers of RM (GR1, GR2 and GR3, ranging from 9 to 150 models in each group). To assess the quality of the results, we used the complete estimate (EVoI_FM) as a reference. The study was conducted on UNISIM-I-D, a benchmark oil reservoir in the development phase, taking an appraisal well as a source of information to clarify a structural uncertainty. Using RM to optimize specialized production strategies proved useful, since optimizing strategies for all FM would require high computational costs. Moreover, the RM could be used to represent risk curves and select production strategies under uncertainty, but less precisely, affecting directly the results of the EVoI (which is the difference between the expected values of the two curves). The precision of EVoI_RM results varied according to the number and group of RM employed, also varying the best strategies selected for field development. The choice of using simplifications or not will depend on the accuracy required or available resources. Variations in EVoI_RM may be tolerable when compared to the time saved, being the decision maker free for choosing the best estimation method.
A New Way to Estimate Fracture Closure Pressure from Injection Fall-Off Testing Using Water Hammer
Authors: van den Hoek Paul
Published: June 2020

Injection Fall-Off (IFO) testing is one of the most important methods to help monitor injector performance over time in waterfloods, water disposal operations, polymer floods, etc. IFO tests provide information about, amongst others, k*h, skin, reservoir transmissibility, and mobility contrasts. Analysis of the early-time period of such tests also can yield estimates of length and height of fractures that are induced during injection. There is however, one important parameter that cannot be estimated from IFO tests, which is the Fracture Closure Pressure (FCP) which is generally considered to be a measure for minimum principal in-situ stress.

In this work, we present exact 3D simulations of hydraulic fracture propagation, followed by fracture closure as a result of shut-in and after-closure reservoir flow. The simulations focus on the details of valve closure at the wellhead followed by propagation and (repeated) reflection of the closure-induced pressure pulse (‘water hammer’) whilst at the same time the fracture is gradually closing. The simulated post shut-in pressure decline trends which are the combined result of water hammer, fracture closure and reservoir fluid flow have been compared with field data.

The main result that consistently emerged from our simulations and their comparison with field data is that the water hammer disappears as soon as the fracture is completely closed. This can be explained by the fact that the magnitude of a water hammer following injector shut-in strongly increases with the total ‘system’ (wellbore plus fracture) compliance (storage), as is evidenced from our simulations. Since often, the system compliance for an open fracture is an order of magnitude higher than for a closed fracture, fracture closure itself results in a practical disappearance of water hammer. Thus, identification of the point of water hammer disappearance after shut-in allows one to estimate FCP.
Assisted History Matching of a Highly Heterogeneous Carbonate Reservoir Using Hydraulic Flow Units and Artificial Neural Networks
Authors: Sengel Ayhan , Turkarslan Gulcan
Published: June 2020

Germik, a mature heavy oil field in Southeast Turkey, has been producing for more than 60 years with a significant decline in pressure and oil production. To predict future performance of this reservoir and explore possible enhanced oil recovery (EOR) scenarios for a better pressure maintenance and improved recovery, generation of a representative dynamic model is required. To address this need, an integrated approach is presented herein for characterization, modeling and history matching of the highly heterogeneous, naturally fractured carbonate reservoir spanning a long production history.

Hydraulic flow unit (HFU) determination is adopted instead of the lithofacies model, not only to introduce more complexity for representing the variances among flow units, but also to establish a higher correlation between porosity and permeability. By means of artificial intelligence (AI), existing wireline logs are used to delineate HFUs in uncored intervals and wells, which is then distributed to the model through stochastic geostatistical methods. A permeability model is subsequently built based on the spatial distribution of HFUs, and different sets of capillary pressures and relative permeability curves are incorporated for each rock type.

The dynamic model is calibrated against the historical production and pressure data through assisted history matching. Uncertain parameters that have the largest impact on the quality of the history match are oil-water contact, aquifer size and strength, horizontal permeability, ratio of vertical to horizontal permeability, capillary pressure and relative permeability curves, which are efficiently and systematically optimized through evolution strategy. Identification and distribution of the hydraulic units complemented with artificial neural networks (ANN) provide a better description of flow zones and a higher confidence permeability model. This reduces uncertainties associated with reservoir characterization and facilitates calibration of the dynamic model. Results obtained from the study show that the history matched simulation model may be used with confidence for testing and optimizing future EOR schemes.

This paper brings a novel approach to permeability and HFU determination based on artificial intelligence, which is especially helpful for addressing uncertainties inherent in highly complex, heterogeneous carbonate reservoirs with limited data. The adopted technique facilitates the calibration of the dynamic model and improves the quality of the history match by providing a better reservoir description through flow unit distinction.