bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Immobilization of Cadmium and Lead in Contaminated Soils by Different Amendments
Authors: Liu Zong Tang , Zhang Gang Ya , Hu Zhong Sheng
Published: December 2011

A pot experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of attapulgite clay, activated carbon, and liquid organic fertilizers used as soil amendments on cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) immobilization as well as on tobacco growth in contaminated soils. All three amendments reduced the amounts of DTPA-extractable Cd and Pb in soils as well as the concentrations of Cd and Pb in tobacco roots and leaves, compared to the control. Cadmium had a higher transportation index into tobacco leaves than Pb. DTPA-extractable Cd and Pb in soils was positively correlated with the metal concentrations in tobacco leaves, suggesting that DTPA-extractable Cd and Pb measurement could be a feasible method for assessing Cd and Pb bioavailability. Experimental results showed that upward trends of Soil and Plant Analyzer Development (SPAD) value in leaves were observed when tobaccos plants were grown in contaminated soils with increases of all the amendments. There were increases in root and shoot lengths as well as leaf area and dry weight for tobacco grown in amendment treated soils compared to the control.
Synthesis and Properties of a New Gemini Surfactant with Amide Group as Spacer
Authors: Zhong Sheng , Wu Kun Kui , Gong Li Jing
Published: December 2011

A new Gemini surfactant was synthesized with chloroacetyl chloride, urea and N, N-dimethyl dodecyl amine as raw materials. Its structure was verified by IR and1HNMR. The surface active properties of the Gemini surfactant in water was measured at room temperature. Results indicate that the bisquaternary ammonium salt exhibits lower the critical micelle concentration(CMC) and surface tension at the CMC (γcmc), compared with conventional surfactant C12TAB. The sterilizing antimicrobial performance of the Gemini Surfactant shows excellent bactericidal activities against Magnaporthe grisea and Bipolaris sorokiniana compared with C12TAB at 50 mg/L.
New Synthesis Method of the Lamellar Zinc Phosphate and its Electrochemical Corrosion Inhibitions
Authors: Wei Dong Ping , Wu Sheng Fu , Huang Zeng Wei , Ma Shao Mei , Liao An Ping , Yuan Ai Qun
Published: December 2011

A new synthesis method namely hydrolysis precipitation was used to prepare Zn3(PO4)2•4H2O. Structural characteristics of products were investigated by X-ray Diffraction, scanning electron microscope and chemical analysis. The electrochemical corrosion inhibitions of title zinc phosphate were studied by electrochemical impedance of coating immersion test. The results show that the obtained product is a highly crystalline, micronized and lamellar Zn3(PO4)2•4H2O. Comparing with commercial zinc phosphate, the synthesized lamellar microcrystalline product has excellent anticorrosive property and dispersibility.
Crude Oil Adsorption on Fe2O3/EPDM Composite to the outside Environmental Variations
Authors: Liu Xiu Qi , Xing He Qin
Published: December 2011

In our study, a new kind of material for oil adsorption was prepared by melt blending with EPDM as the matrix and roasting Fe2O3as the filler. By considering the influence of pH, temperature, stirring speed on adsorption capacity. The results showed that the environmental pH has little effect on the crude oil absorbency of the composite; “Room temperature” is the optimum temperature; increased the stirring speed can reduce the adsorption time.
Study on the Anti- Corrosion Properties of Organic and Inorganic Inhibitor by Electrochemical Treatment in Aqueous Solution
Authors: Ryu Hwa Sung , Lee Han Seung
Published: December 2011

The various methods for improving chloride penetration resistance in the reinforced concrete have been developed. Among the related general ways, using of corrosion inhibitor became very common. Therefore, in this study, in order to comprehend performance of corrosion inhibitor, the experiment study was conducted about corrosion characteristic of 3 steps(0.0, norm 1/2, norm) compared to organic corrosion inhibitor standard use of liquid and molar 3 steps(0.0, 0.3, 0.6%) of Chloride by added amount of inorganic corrosion inhibitor by the corrosion inhibitor types about 2.4kg/m3, 4.8kg/m3based on Chloride ion content 1.2kg/m3for service life prediction of concrete structure by using Poteniostat. As results, in the case of inorganic nitrous acid corrosion inhibitor, it was confirmed that anti-corrosive performance of Chloride ion content 1.2kg/m3by corrosion Ecorr -0.30V in more than molar ratio 0.3%, and it also was confirmed that anti-corrosive performance of 2.4kg/m3, 4.8kg/m3in more than molar ratio 0.6%. In addition, the excellent anti-corrosive performance of organic corrosion inhibitor was shown in 1/2(0.42kg/m3) of norm regardless of Chloride ion content, and it can be seen that absorption types organic corrosion inhibitor has excellent anti-corrosive performance compared to the inorganic nitrous acid corrosion inhibitor by the added amount of corrosion inhibitor.
Microstructure Analysis of in-Plane Quasi-Isotropic Composites Reinforced by Multi-Direction and Multi-Layer Three Dimensional Fabric
Authors: Liu Lan Ying , Jiao Ya Nan
Published: December 2011

In this paper, a new multi-direction three-dimensional fabric, called in-plane quasi-isotropic fabric, including warps 0, wefts 90o, a set of bias yarns ±45o, and a vertical yarns Z fastening the other yarns together is designed. Unit cell models are established on the basis of the rule of yarn movement and on the basis of optimizing the yarn cross section on the method of braiding-solidify-cutting-polishing-viewing. Mathematical relationship of the parameters with geometry parameters is founded and the fiber volume content is calculated, the valid relationship is proved by experimental results.
Fabrication Mechanism of in-Situ Synthesized Al3Ti-Mg Composites by Vacuum Hot-Pressing
Authors: Li Hui Kai , Liu Yue
Published: December 2011

For getting better properties and simplifying processes, the in-situ synthesized Al3Ti/Mg composites were prepared by vacuum hot-pressing. Phase composites and microstructures of composites were researched by methods such as XRD and SEM. The result indicated that fine Al3Ti particulates with size of 0.5~2.0 μm were distributed uniformly in Magnesium matrix and combined closely with the matrix. The mechanism of in-situ synthesized Al3Ti in Magnesium matrix was discussed and a model of micro structural reaction between Ti and Al was brought forward.
Study on Resilience of Mattress Foam and Body Pressure Distribution Characteristic of Mattress
Authors: Zhu Yu Ding , Shen Li Ming , Hou Jian Jun , Song Jie
Published: December 2011

The resilience of mattress foam has influenced on body pressure distribution characteristic of mattress and human comfort. This paper dealt with resilience of foam and body pressure distribution through resilience test instrument for mattress foam and body pressure distribution system. The results showed that the resilience of latex foam was better and the body pressure distribution of mattress with latex foam layer was better. This study results have important reference value to the flexibility of mattress and comfort design.
The Influence of Functionalized TiO2 with Poly(methyl methacrylate) on the Mechanical Properties of TiO2/Epoxy Nanocomposites
Authors: Liang Hong Bo , Xiong Lei , Xu Hai Tao , Guan Jing
Published: December 2011

The functionalized TiO2 with poly(methyl methacrylate) (TiO2-PMMA) was prepared by atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP), and its reinforcement for epoxy composites was studied. The functionalized TiO2 was characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR), Thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) and 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). The properties of nanocomposites were measured by impact testing, bending experiment and Scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Because of the grafting of PMMA and the higher interaction between TiO2-PMMA and epoxy matrix, the composites exhibited the enhancement of mechanical properties at lower content. As the functionalized TiO2 content is 0.5 wt%, the impact strength and bending strength of composite increased nearly 142% and 37%, respectively, compared to the neat epoxy resin.
The Shell of Internal Combustion Tamping Pickax Injection Molding CAE Technology Research
Authors: Sun Li Min , Zou Jing Chao
Published: December 2011

This article establish the physical and mathematic model of the plastic housing of the ND-5 internal combustion tamping pickax by plastic molding CAE, analyse the flow field in injection molding. We simulate many programs of the injection molding processing , analyze the mold-filling characteristic of the programs, study the defect situation and select the best injection molding program for the moulding.
Study on Nano-Particle Modified Epoxy Resin Adhesive
Authors: Gai Guang Qing , Dong Xiang Ting , Chen Xue Song , Zheng Cheng Yan
Published: December 2011

The nano-particle modified epoxy resin adhesive was prepared by adding different types of nanoparticles to the epoxy resin adhesives.The influence of the kinds and amount of nanoparticles on the mechanical properties of epoxy resin adhesive was investigated.The investigation results indicated that the addition of three kinds of nanoparticles including nano-silica,nano-titanium dioxide,nano zinc oxide to epoxy resin adhesive has a significant influence on the mechanical properties of nano-composites.And tensile strength and breaking elongation of nano-composites reached the maximum when the amount of nanoparticle reached 4wt%.In addition,the toughening mechanisms of nano-particles modified epoxy resin adhesives was analysed.
Preparation and Characterization of SrO-Al2O3-Fe2O3-B2O3 System Nano-Ferrimagnetic Glass-Ceramics
Authors: Liu Jian An , Zhang Mei Mei , Yang Xue Na , Liu Shu Jiang
Published: December 2011

Based on the SrO-Al2O3-Fe2O3-B2O3 system, the nano-ferrimagnetic glass ceramics has been prepared through heat treating the melted glass. Using the aqueous solution solvent evaporation and melt method, we firstly obtained the molecular-scale homogenously mixed compound. And thus the glass specimen was produced by naturally cooling the batch melts. The crystallization of the glass systems with diffirent component has been systematically investigated by using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Thermo gravimetric (TG), Differential Thermal Analysis (DTA) as well as Vibrating Sample Magnetometer (VSM). It is found that Fe3O4 crystal precipitated during naturally cooling the melt from 1500°C to anneal temperature. Moreover, the nano-ferromagnetic glass ceramics with the main crystal phase of SrFe12O19 was obtained after heat-treated at 865°C for 2 hours. The size of crystal was 20-50nm. The magnetic properties of the obtained ferromagnetic glass ceramics indicated that the saturation magnetization and the intrinsic coercivity were 32A•m2/kg and 236KA/m, respectively.
Luminescence Properties of ZnS:Cu,Tm Semiconductor Nanocrystals Synthesize by a Hydrothermal Process
Authors: Xin Mei , Liu Dong Ping , Yu Nai Sen , Qi Xiao Hui , Li Hui
Published: December 2011

ZnS:Cu,Tm nanocrystal with 15nm cubic structures have been synthesized by hydrothermal approach at 200°C. The photoluminescence (PL) properties and the effect of hydrothermal treatment time on the structure, morphology and PL spectra of ZnS:Cu,Tm samples have been studied. The as-obtained samples have been characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and FT-IR spectra.The result indicated that the PL emission spectrum of codoped with Cu and Tm sample compares with undoped ZnS and doped with Cu alone samples has a significant changes, while the PL emission peak has red shift and PL emission intensity increased. The samples size and crystallization are increase with extending of the treatment time. However, when the hydrothermal treatment time is too long(>12h), the PL emission intensity of sample instead of decreased. Demonstrated changes in surface state of nanomaterials have a greater impact on its luminescence properties.
Carbothermal Reduction Synthesis of Superfined TiC Powders from TiOSO4
Authors: Li Jie , Wu Yi , Li Peng Fei
Published: December 2011

Superfined TiC was successfully synthesized from mixtures of acetylene carbon black and TiSO4 through liquid-phase and subsequent heat treatment at a temperature that was considerably lower than that used in conventional carbonthermal reduction synthesis of TiC. Thermal decomposition of TiSO4, and carbothermal reduction of the mixtures were investigated by using thermogravimetry-differential thermal analyzer and x-ray diffraction analyzer.
Effect of Grinder Guiding Error on the Machining Precision of Large Scale Surface Workpiece
Authors: Peng Yun Feng , Lin Xiao Hui , Jiang Tao , Han Chun Guang , Wang Zhen Zhong , Guo Yin Biao
Published: December 2011

Nowadays, the demands of large scale surface devices are becoming popular in engineering fields. The grinding process is one of the common methods to achieve the high quality of large scale workpiece. But the final form accuracy of large scale devices is always low. Then it is necessary to analyze the error mechanism of grinding machine on the form accuracy of large scale workpiece. In this paper, the influencing factors of surface grinding machine with horizontal spindle and rectangular table were analyzed firstly. Then the mechanism of guiding accuracy on the surface form accuracy was discussed. It is found that the Z-axis’ guiding accuracy could seriously influence the surface form accuracy. Finally, the face grinding experiment of large scale iron workpiece (420mm×420mm) was performed and the surface form accuracy was measured. The experimental result was in agreement with the theoretical result. It can be concluded that the Z-axis guarding accuracy of grinding machine should be exactly controlled to achieve the high surface precision of large scale device.
Solvothermal Synthesis and Photoluminescence of Rod-Like YVO4:Dy 3+ Nanocrystals
Authors: Li Jia Gui , Liu Guo Cong , Liang Da Wen
Published: December 2011

YVO 4:Dy 3+ nanorods were synthesized via a solvothermal route at 150°C. The as-prepared products were investigated using the X-ray powder diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, and photoluminescence spectroscopy. The results showed that the average particle sizes of these nanorods are from 20 to 600 nm. The photoluminescence (PL) measurements showed that these nanorods exhibited improved photoluminescence compared with YVO 4:Dy 3+ irregular nanoparticles. It is found that the appropriate calcinations temperature is helpful to improve the yellow emission.
NbC and VC Nanoparticles Reinforced Fe-Si-Mn Matrix Composite In Situ Synthesized by Plasma Jet
Authors: Cui Chun Xiang , Li Yan Chun , Wang Tie Bao , Liu Shuang Jin , Kang Suek Bong
Published: December 2011

In situ NbC and VC nanoparticles reinforced Fe-Si-Mn-Nb-V matrix composite was carried out using a plasma jet with a plasma gas flow of (Ar + CH4) for very short time. The process involve improving the efficiency of the reaction in terms of consumption of the available active nitrogen atoms as well as the production of very fine and homogeneous distribution of all reinforcing phases of ceramic particles, preferable in the nanometer range. The nanoreinforcements synthesized by in situ reaction in this hybrid composite are NbC and VC ceramic particles.
Establishment and Application of Simulation Mode on the Nano-Conductive Carbon Black Process
Authors: Yu Wen Feng , Zhou Xia Ping , Zhang Wei , Liu Dong Jie , Liu Dong Yu , Liu Dong Liang
Published: December 2011

Constructed matrices and artificial neural network numerical simulation method are used to transform , regulate and control carbon black (CB) reactor, where nano-conductive carbon black (NCCB) of low resistivity and good dispersion can be produced on the base of coal tar-based CCB production process. This kind of high-quality CCB with corrosion resistance and low expansion is used in high power electrodes, capacitors, etc.
Microstructure Characterization of Al Nanoparticles Prepared by Anodic Arc Plasma
Authors: Wei Zhi Qiang , Wu Xiao Juan , Liu Li Gang , Zhang Ge
Published: December 2011

In the protecting inert gas, Aluminum nanoparticles were successfully prepared by anodic arc discharge plasma method. The morphology, particle size, crystal microstructure and specific surface area of the particles by this process were characterized via X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), Brunauer–Emmett–Teller(BET) adsorption equation, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and the corresponding selected area electron diffraction (SAED). The experimental results indicate that the crystal structure of the samples is face centered cubic (fcc) structure as same as the bulk materials, the particle size distribution ranging from 20 to 70 nm, with an average particle size about 44 nm obtained by TEM and confirmed by XRD and BET results. The specific surface area is 41 m2/g, the nanopowders distributed uniformly in spherical chain shapes with uniform size and monodisperse particles.
The Influence of Cold Working on Semiconducting Properties of Passive Film and Pitting Corrosion Resistance of High Nitrogen Austenitic Stainless Steel
Authors: Xu Li Wei , Li Hua Bing , Ma Qi Feng , Jiang Zhou Hua , Zhan Dong Ping
Published: December 2011

The effect of cold working on semiconducting properties of passive film and pitting corrosion resistance of 19Cr-18Mn-2Mo-0.9N high nitrogen austenitic stainless were investigated by anodic polarization, AC impedance and capacitance measurement methods. With increasing the cold rolling deformation ranging from 0% to 60%, the passive region of high nitrogen austenitic stainless steel decreases, and the corrosion potential, EIS radius and polarization resistance all decreases. The Mott-Schottky result indicates that the pitting corrosion resistance deteriorates with increment of cold rolling deformation. The results show that the passive films formed on high nitrogen austenitic stainless steel with different cold rolling deformation behave as n-type semiconductors. With increasing the cold rolling deformation grade, the donor density (ND) increases, but the thickness of the space-charge layer (W) decreases. The decreasing of the thickness of space-charge layer with increment of cold rolling deformation is attributed to the inceasing defect which deteriorates the stability of the passive film.
FEM Analysis of the Mechanical Strain and Stress Characteristics of Continuous Casting Bloom under the Operation of Soft Reduction
Authors: Liu Ke , Zhang Jia Quan
Published: December 2011

Soft reduction has been proved to be the best way to minimize center segregation and eliminate center porosity. Aiming at determining optimum soft reduction parameter for variation steel grades and different process conditions, a thermal-mechanical coupled FEM(Finite Element Method) model was developed to analyze the deformation behavior of the given bloom under the operation of soft reduction technology. The mechanical strain / stress of the bloom cross-section, especially the stain /stress around the solidification front, under the application of soft reduction are obtained. Considering the high temperature mechanical properties of the given steel grade GCr15 (with chromium content of 1.40~1.65 percent and carbon content of 0.95~1.05 percent) and strain/stress distribution in the section thoroughly, the proper soft reduction parameter are determined.
Effect of Coiling Temperature on Oxide Scale of Hot-Rolled Strip
Authors: Yu Xiang Long , Jiang Zheng Yi , Wang Xiao Dong , Wei Dong Bin , Yang Quan
Published: December 2011

The influence of the coiling temperature, ranging from 550 to 570°C, on the morphology and the phase composition of the oxide scale formed on the microalloyed low carbon steel for automobiles after hot strip rolling was investigated. Physicochemical characteristics of the oxide scales were examined and their formation mechanism was discussed. Thickness of the oxide scale is in the range of 8-11µm and decreases with a decrease of coiling temperature. The microstructure and phase composition, XRD analysis shows a large amount of magnetite (Fe3O4) and some sparse hematite (Fe2O3) exist on the surface of hot rolled strip when the coiling temperature reduces from 570 to 550°C. The coiling temperature substantially affects the internal microstructure and magnetite phase.
A Study of the Inhibition of Iron Corrosion by Glutamic Acid Derivatives Self-Assembled Films
Authors: Zhang Zhe , Yan Gang , Ruan Le
Published: December 2011

The Self-Assembled (SA) films of glutamic acid derivatives were prepared on the iron surface. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and polarization techniques were used to investigate the protection abilities of these films against iron corrosion in 0.1 M H2SO4 solution. The results of EIS and polarization curves indicated that films of the glutamic acid derivatives were able to protect iron from corrosion effectively.
Thickness Distribution Model of Condensate on Rotary Substrate by EB-PVD
Authors: Shi Jun , Song Guang Ping , Zhang Chuan Xin , Sun Yue , Lin Xiu , Li Ming Wei , He Xiao Dong
Published: December 2011

Large-size Ni-based alloy sheet was prepared by electron beam physical vapor deposition (EB-PVD). Thickness uniformity of large-size sheet for application is important. Based on the Knudsen’s cosine law and the character of the evaporation during EB-PVD, thickness distribution model of condensate on rotary substrate by EB-PVD was established. The thickness model is not consistent with the traditional cosine law, but cosnθ relationship, n=5.3 in this paper. The predicted data of thickness model agrees well with the measured data. The thickness distribution model is not limited to specific vapor source material, therefore, it provides significant insight on the thickness distribution profile for film, coating and sheet deposited on the rotary substrate by EB-PVD.
Study on the Static Recrystallization of E36 Ship Plate with Continuous Hot Rolling Process
Authors: Hong Xia , Dong Zhong Bo , Yang Zhi Zheng
Published: December 2011

Softening behavior of deformed austenite zone of E36 ship plate in hot continuous rolling process was studied with double passes compression experiments, including cases in different deformation temperature and time span. Analyzing the influence of different factors on the softening ratio of static recrystallization. The results show that deformation temperature is the main factor to influence the recrystallization. When the deformation temperature being achieved, static recystallization ratio increases step by step with time span extending. The best time span was got and the softening ratio curve was verified through metallographic analysis, and the activation energy was obtained. Dynamic model of static recystallization was built at the end.
Development of a Combined Shape and Gauge Control Scheme Based on Function Φ
Authors: Zhang Xiao Ping , Zhi Chang Jian , Ren Rui , Du Xiao Zhong
Published: December 2011

Combined shape and gauge control is a hot issue in continuous hot plate and strip rolling field. Due to the coupled function of shape and gauge control in rolling process, mutual effects must be considered when shape control is carried out. Traditional shape and gauge control theories are of independent and the control systems are also separated, so it is difficult to ensure the quality of shape and gauge simultaneously. Based on the shape theory of shape and gauge control and function Φ derived from the load distribution method of Ichiro Imai , a combined shape and gauge control scheme was developed, which can adjust rolling regulations on-line according to the deviation of strip crown measured at the exit of the rolling mill. The method can ensure gauge precision while strip crown is adjusted and the purpose of combined shape and gauge control is reached.
Study on Combined Process of Micro-EDM and Electrorheological Fluid-Assisted Polishing
Authors: Zhao Yun Wei , Geng De Xu , Liu Xiao Min
Published: December 2011

A novel machining method which is a combination of electrical discharge machining (EDM) and electrorheological fluid-assisted polishing (ERP) is presented to finish hard materials. The ER fluid is used as work fluid, which resulting in the material removal and polishing simultaneously. In this study, a series of machining experiments on aluminum alloy material are carried out to obtain the microstructures of machined surface using the different mode of material removal. Moreover, the ERP process can finish the micro-craters on workpiece surface after EDM to obtain better profile of removal region.
Impact of Heat-Treated Microstructure on Milling Performance of Ti-6Al-4V Alloy
Authors: Pang Li Jun , Tang Ming
Published: December 2011

The milling of titanium alloy has been widely used in aerospace field for the advantages of high-quality and high-efficiency. In order to provide the theoretical basis of practical production through optimizing the milling parameters of titanium alloy material and improving the milling property of Ti-6Al-4V, the orthogonal design approach is adopted to analyze the milling force experiment of three typical microstructure of Ti-6Al-4V titanium alloy, utilizing the algorithm of least squares establishes the multivariate linear regression equations of the milling parameters on the main milling force and conducts the regression analysis, obtained more accurate empirical formula of milling force of Ti-6Al-4V titanium alloy under different heat treatment process. Furthermore, the significances of the regression equation and regression coefficients are testing with using MATLAB statistical software. Consequently, the optimum heat treatment processing and the optimal milling parameters are obtained through analyzing the results above.
Droplet Tracking in Double-Electrode GMAW
Authors: Wang Zhen Zhou , Yu Yang , Chen Shu Jun , Zhang Yu Ming
Published: December 2011

Controlled metal transfer in gas metal arc welding (GMAW) and its modifications including the double-electrode GMAW implies controllable heat and mass inputs and better assured weld quality. To understand, analyze, and control the metal transfer process, the droplet should be monitored in real time. Due to the fast development and transfer of the droplet, the monitoring speed is a key. A tracking method that takes advantage of results from previous images to speed the processing is advantageous. In this paper, Kalman Filter tracking and Least Square Match tracking algorithms are developed to track a droplet in the innovative double-electrode GMAW after its original position is identified. Experimental results showed that the Kalman Filtering algorithm is not suitable for this application due to the limited life span of each droplet. Instead, the Least Square Match algorithm is effective in tracking a droplet if a universal droplet template can be found and defined. However, there are no universal templates suitable for all the droplets. Hence, a real time template updating and LSM tracking method is proposed to track the droplet effectively. Experimental results verified its tracking accuracy.
Effect of Heat Input on Structure and Mechanical Properties of Low Matched Welded Joint in a 1000MPa Grade Steel
Authors: Liu Zheng Jun , Wang Chu Ao , Su Yun Hai , Zhao Fu Dong , Li Le Cheng
Published: December 2011

In order to investigate the effect of heat input on the microstructure and mechanical properties of low matched high-tensile steel welded joint, the metallurgical structure and mechanical properties of welded joint obtained with different heat input were analyzed using optical microscope , welded joint tensile test and impact test of weld metal. The results show that the optimal values are obtained when the heat input is 11.9KJ/cm,where the tensile strength is 798.45MPa and ballistic work is 69J; Weld metal microstructure is mainly composed by the primary ferrite and acicular ferrite. The width of the dendrite and grain size of the weld metal microstructure increase with the increasing of the heat input.
Microstructure Evolution and Numerical Simulation of DP Steel TWBs During Warm Tensile Deformation
Authors: Yue Lu You , Huang Zhong Fu , He Zhen Liang , Jiang Man Guo , Chen Wei
Published: December 2011

The tensile tests of DP590 dual-phase steel tailor-welded blanks were carried out at different temperatures and strain rates. Quantitative analysis of metallographic was utilized to study the microstructure evolution of the base metal area and the weld zone of the tensile fracture. By combining the microstructure evolution model with the secondary development technologies of ABAQUS, the microstructure evolution of dual-phase steel tailor-welded blanks was simulated during warm tensile tests. The results show that, with the temperature increasing and strain rate decreasing, the dynamic recrystallization volume fraction of ferrite increases, and the martensite transform into equiaxed ferrite gradually. The results of microstructure simulation are in good agreement with experimental results.
Prediction and Investigation of Surface Quality in High Speed End-Milling of Silicon to Eliminate Conventional Finishing Operations
Authors: Amin A.K.M. Nurul , Ismail Mohd Dali M , Musa Muhammad Iqbal , Patwari Anayet Ullah
Published: December 2011

Surface finish and dimensional accuracy are two of the most important requirements in machining process. High speed machining (HSM) is capable of producing parts that require little or no grinding/lapping operations within the required machining tolerances. In HSM determination of the optimum combination of cutting parameters for achieving the required level of quality, such as, minimum possible surface roughness and maximum tool life is a very important task. Silicon is conventionally finished using grinding followed by polishing and lapping to achieve required surface finish and surface integrity. In this study small diameter tools are used to achieve high rpm to facilitate the application of low values of feed and depths of cut to ensure high surface roughness values through achievement of ductile mode machining of silicon. Investigations on the effect cutting parameters of high speed end milling on surface finish and integrity of silicon has been conducted to minimizing the amount of finishing requirement in machining of silicon, with the objective of reducing cost and increasing effectiveness of silicon manufacturing process. In this work statistical models were developed using the capabilities of Response Surface Methodology (RSM) to predict the surface roughness in high speed flat end milling of silicon under dry cutting conditions.
Strain Hardening Analysis Coupled to Remeshing Procedure Application to Sheet Hydroforming Processes
Authors: Faouzi Slimani , Cherouat Abel , Ayadi A. , Rezgui Mohamed Ali
Published: December 2011

In this study, we present an experimental/numerical methodology which aims to improve 3D thin sheet hydroforming considering coupled constitutive equations formulated in the framework of of irreversible processes accounting for isotropic hardening as well as isotropic ductile damage. The experimental study is dedicated to the identification of stress-strain flow from the global measure of pole displacement, thickness evolution and internal pressure expansion. Or during the hydroforming processes severe mesh distortion of element occur after a few incremental steps. Hence an automatic mesh generation with remeshing capabilities is essential to carry out the FEA. The proposed technique based on geometrical criteria includes adaptive refinement and coarsening procedure is integrated in a computational environment.
Constitutive Equation of ZL201 Alloy during the Semi-Solid Thixotropic Compression
Authors: Shang Shu Zhen , Tang Xiao Ling , Lu Gui Min , Zhang Wan Ning , Wang Jiao Jiao
Published: December 2011

Effects of deformation temperature and strain rate on deformation behavior of semi-solid ZL201 alloy were investigated on Gleeble3800 thermal-mechanical simulator. On basis of the experimental data of semi-solid ZL201, a model of was established to describe the relationship between the processing parameters and flow stress, which showed that the experimental results and calculation ones fitted well. The suitable conditions of this model for semi-solid ZL201 alloy were that the temperature range was 547°C-649°C and that of the strain rate was 0.1 s-1-5s-1.
Mechanical Properties of Aluminium-Alumina Welding by Friction Welding
Authors: Mingmuang Tummasook , Lee Sukangkana , Thinvongpituk Chawalit
Published: December 2011

This experiment was aimed to investigate mechanical properties of aluminium-alumina welding by using friction welding. Effect of feed rate on hardness and shear strength of welding interface were determined. Cracking of alumina ceramics was also investigated. In addition, this research is to define and analyse temperature of an interface and deformation rate of aluminium during process. It was found that welding temperature increased with increasing feed rate. Increasing feed rate resulted in increasing of deformation rate and flow of aluminium lead to incresing of welded area. After welding, hardness of aluminium near interface was increased from 44-46 HV to 52.6-55.7 HV. Hardness of aluminium decreased with increasing distance from interface. The maximum shear strength was 29 MPa obtained from 0.3 mm/s feed rate. The minimum shear strength was 3.1 MPa obtained from 0.1 mm/s feed rate. Shear strength was deteriorated by both mechanical and thermal strength. It can be clearly seen that increasing feed rate increase welded area, resulted in higher interface strength.
Viscosity and Optical Properties of Sodium Alginate Aqueous Solutions of High Concentrations
Authors: Li Hai Ning , Xia Yan Zhi , Quan Feng Yu , Wang Bing Bing , Zhu Li Hua , Sun Zhe , Xu Wen
Published: December 2011

Rotational rheometer was employed to determine rheological properties of sodium alginate solutions of 3, 5 and 10wt.% concentrations. The results showed that temperature had a strong effect on the morphology of sodium alginate in aqueous solutions. To observe the anisotropic phase formation, Polarized optical microscopy (POM) experiments were performed. It revealed the presence of briefringence in 3, 5 and 10wt.% sodium alginate solutions.
Study on the Reaction of TDI and PPG with Organo-Tin Mixed Catalyst
Authors: Liao Su Ran , Wei Yuan , Zhang Yu Qi , Zhang Meng , Feng Gao Fei
Published: December 2011

The study of polyurethanes are of continuing interest due to their excellent physical properties. In this study, the reaction kinetics and polymerization conditions in two-step process of toluene diisocyante (TDI) and polypropylene glycol (PPG) with organo-tin mixed catalyst were investigated by di-n-butylamine back-titration. It was showed that the reaction obeyed the second-order equation of step-growth polymerization, the rate constants of TDI and PPG reaction at 50, 60 and 70°C were 0.0922, 0.3373 and 0.5828 kg•mol-1•min-1，respectively. The activation energy obtained from the result was 71.63 kJ•mol-1. The number average molecular weight (Mn) and molecular-weight distribution (Mw/Mn) of the polyurethane were 45175 and 1.53, respectively, and the content of hydrogen bonding in the N-H group from Fourier transform infrared spectrum (FTIR) was 80.75%, which manifested that the large amount of N-H were present in hydrogen bonding.
Study on Deformation Coordination in Upsetting Forging Process of the Crank of Continuous Fiber Crankshaft for Marine
Authors: Wang Bing , Guo Bao Feng , Jin Miao , Zhao Wen Cheng , Zhao Shi Yan , Zou Zong Yuan
Published: December 2011

In upsetting forging process of the crank of crankshaft the defects such as lap and caving probably occurs since the bending and upsetting is not in good coordination. In this paper, aiming at 305 crankshaft for marine engine, the coordinative relation between bending and upsetting was thoroughly studied based on 3-step crank upsetting forging approach, i.e. bending-upsetting, upsetting and finish forming. Numerical simulation was carried out to find the reasonable stroke matches of bending and upsetting and physical experiment of using lead sample reduced at the ratio 1:6 in size was conducted to verify the match scheme gained from numerical simulation. The result found from numerical simulation is in good accordance with the one gained through experiment. The work in this paper provides theoretical basis for practice of upsetting forging technique of crank.
Large Scale Molecular Dynamics Simulation of Femtosecond Laser Ablation of Silicon Using Sensing-VISICOM
Authors: Liu Gang , Yao Yi Ping
Published: December 2011

Silicon is widely used as substrate material for the fabrication of micro-electro and micromechanical components. Since silicon is very brittle, how to cut it into complex shapes remains a hot topic. Thanks to the small spot diameter, laser cutting is a promising alternative. However, during laser cutting, different kinds of defects can be generated depending on the beam-material interaction phenomena (ablation, melting, etc). Molecular Dynamics simulation is an effective way to study the beam-material interaction phenomena. Lots of work has been done to develop MD models of laser ablation of silicon. However, due to lack of support from high performance parallel simulation platform, the scale of the molecular systems is limited. This paper presents a component-based parallel simulation platform Sensing-VISICOM, for large scale molecular dynamics simulation. To test its runtime performance, a molecular system of femtosecond laser ablation of silicon is designed and implemented under Sensing-VISICOM. The results of the simulation show the platform can scales well to millions of atoms.
Study on Parameters Optimization of Ceramic Machining Process
Authors: Wang Qiang , Zeng Ying Ying , Min Xu Guang
Published: December 2011

The response surface model is established through application of surface response method, then the main impact factors of ceramic machining are determined, and the process parameters are optimized. The mechanical machining technology of ceramic materials is analyzed, and the corresponding optimal parameters are proposed by cutting tool material, rake angle, clearance angle and edge angle, and three cutting elements as cutting speed, cutting depth and feed. Accord to the optimal parameters, high efficiency, good quality and low cost results can be achieved to machine ceramic parts.
Techanics Study on PcBN Cutting Tool Dry Turning Chilled Cast Iron
Authors: Jia Yun Hai , Ye Zhi Qun , Wang Hai Zhu , Jing Hua Wei
Published: December 2011

Chilled cast iron is a typical hard and brittle material, often be used to make all kinds of roller. According to chilled cast iron machining characteristics, cutting tool material should has high red hardness, good impact resistance and wear resistance, high bending strength and large thermal conductivity coefficient. For determination of the suitable cutting parameters in machining chilled cast iron by PcBN cutting tools dry turning, the samples which are prepared to be used in the experiment, 200 mm in length and 120 mm in diameter, are machined in lathe. During experiments, cutting tool parameters and dry turning parameters, such as edge chamfer width and angle, feed rate, cutting speed and cut depth are investigated. The suitable edge chamfer width and angle, cutting speed and feed rate are determined according to cutting tool life and cutting tools flank wear. Finally, edge chamfer width of 0.2 mm, edge chamfer angle of -15 degree, cutting speed of 90 m/min, feed rate of 0.15 to 0.2 mm/rev and cut depth of 0.3 mm gave the satisfied results.
The Influence of N Values on Sheet Metal Deep Drawing Based on Different Blank Holder Forces
Authors: Qian Jian Qing , Chen Ji Ping , Qian Hai Fan
Published: December 2011

The influence of hardening index n value at different holding forces on LDR of cylinder cup was simulated by the finite element software PAM-STAMP 2G. The results showed that the limit drawing ratio of the sheet metal decreased with the increase of the blank holder force. There was little influence of hardening index n value on the limit drawing ratio at smaller blank holder force. The influence of hardening index n value on the limit drawing ratio increased with the increase of the blank holder force. The hardening index n value could be increased to increase the limit drawing ratio when the blank holder force is large.
Impact of Cutting Tool Geometric Parameters on Milling Titanium Alloy TC4
Authors: Lou Yue Hai , Zou Jin Qiao , Huang Jin Yong , Jin Yin
Published: December 2011

It’s very difficult to machine titanium alloy because of its features of small deformation coefficient, low thermal conductivity, small elastic modulus and large chemical activity. In this paper, we take titanium alloy TC4 as an example; using the finite element method (FEM) for the physical simulation of milling process, analyze the impact of some tool geometric parameters, such as rake angle, relief angle, rounded cutting edge radius etc., on chip form, cutting force, cutting temperature distribution of cutting tool and the maximum cutting temperature of rake face etc.. On this basis, we choose the best tool geometries, which can be taken as a theoretical reference for developing process plans of titanium alloy to reduce the number of tests and costs of field trials and to improve productivity.
Static Recrystallization and Precipitation Behaviors of Weathering Steel for Bridges
Authors: Wu Hong Yan , Liu Xianghua , Du Lin Xiu , Zhao Yan Min
Published: December 2011

The static recrystallization and precipitation behavior of weathering steel were studied using thermal simulation technology. The influence of temperature and interval time was analyzed and the softening percentage of static recrystallization was calculated. The morphology and distribution of precipitates were studied, and the driving force for static recrystallization and pinning force of precipitation were calculated. Results show that the higher the deformation temperature is, the faster static recrystallization proceed. Retardation of recrystallization could occur even in the early stage of precipitation. The precipitation pinning force showed a peak in the intermediate stage, and finally decreased as particles coarsened.
Preparation and Properties of UV-Curable Adhesives Based on Epoxy Acrylate Prepolymers
Authors: Chen Yi Chi , He Tao , Yang Wei , Zhu Li Qun , Li Wei Ping , Liu Hui Cong
Published: December 2011

Three kinds of commercially available epoxy acrylate reactive prepolymers with different molecular weight (MW) were used to formulate the UV-curable adhesives by addition of photo-initiator, reactive diluent, crosslinker and other additives as necessary. The MW of the said prepolymers were measured by gel permeation chromatography (GPC), while the structural characterization of the prepolymers before and after UV-curing was made by FTIR. Thermal stability of two kinds of UV-cured prepolymers with distinct MW and MW distribution was detected by thermogravimetric (TG) analysis.Lap shear strength of the adherents at different temperature were tested and compared with a known superior UV-curable adhesive (Loctite 3493). Adhesion strength of the adhesives at room temperature were all higher than 15 MPa which were more than the reported riveting intensity (10.3 MPa).
The Failure Mechanism of Cemented Carbide Milling Insert during Machining Difficult-to-Cut Metal
Authors: Sun Bao Jun , Wang Jin Fang , Wang Zheng Chu
Published: December 2011

The measuring temperature test, measuring force and failure test were carried out in order to research failure mechanism of cemented carbide milling insert machining heat resistant steel of 3Cr1Mo1/4V. The falling process of sticking-welding chip was observed by high-speed photograph.The failure morphology was observed and analyzed by SEM. The test result showed that adhesive failure and fatigue failure were the main invalid form. The mathematical model of adhering failure depth was built and the finite element analysis of the thermal-mechanic coupling physical field was conducted based on the milling equipment. The research result illustrated that the temperature of the cutter-chip contact region affectes the depth of adhering failure and they are no-linear positive correlation. The thermal-mechanical coupling equivalent stress inhances with the increase of temperature. The cutter will bring about fatigue failure when it adds over ultimate strength of cemented carbide.
Design, Development & Experimental Investigation of Electro-Discharge Diamond Surface Grinding of Ti-6Al-4V
Authors: Modi Manoj , Agarwal Gopal
Published: December 2011

Abstract: Ti-6Al-4V are used extensively in aerospace, medical, marine and surgical implants etc. but it is hard to machine. Machining of advanced difficult-to-machine very hard materials (Ti-6Al-4V, composites and ceramics) is a big challenge. By conventional machining processes, their machining is not only costly but results in poor surface finish and shorter tool life. To meet these challenges, new hybrid machining process (HMP) has been developed. This article is focused on hybrid machining process comprising of conventional surface grinding along with electro-discharge machining between the periphery of metal bonded diamond grinding wheel and flat rectangular shape workpiece. This process has the advantage of shaping advance engineering materials and difficult-to- machine very hard materials. The experimental investigations of various input parameters like wheel RPM, duty factor, current and pulse on-time on material removal rate of Ti-6Al-4V in EDDSG process have been reported here on newly self designed & fabricated set up. Keywords: Electro-Discharge Diamond Surface Grinding (EDDSG), Hybrid Machining Process (HMP), Ti-6Al-4V.
Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Friction Stir Welding Joint of Pure Copper
Authors: Zhao Yong , Ye You Li , Yan Keng , Zhou Li Long
Published: December 2011

Microstructures and mechanical properties of pure copper weld joints are discussed under different parameters of friction stir welding. The results reveal that it is conducive to the formation of compact joint in friction stir welding by applying high speed steel tool with high anti-bonding temperature. The friction stir welding joint with compact and defect-free microstructure could be obtained when the tool rotation rate is 1250- 1650 r/min and the tool traverse speed is 20-50 mm/min. Intensively plastic deformation occurs in the soften materials of the weld nugget zone and numerous crystal particles are broken under the influence of tool stirring. The microstructure of weld nugget zone is composed of tiny isometric crystals, which is due to the dynamic recrystallization of broken crystal particles. The structure of thermo-mechanical affected zone on both sides is asymmetric. Obvious boundary of the thermo affected zone could be seen on the advancing side, and the plastic streamline is apparent.
Study on the Straight Edge Diffraction Effects of Base Model Gaussian Laser Field
Authors: Xiong Xian Ming , Huang Chang Bing , Zhang Wen Tao
Published: December 2011

Considering that in the nanometer grating deposition the substrate is usually set at the center of the laser beam, the straight edge diffraction occurs. Therefore this paper analyze the straight edge diffraction effect of base model Gaussian laser field, which based on the straight edge Fresnel diffraction effects, using the theory of scalar optical, considering the situation of the actual beam waist and straight edge diffraction side not at the same position, and obtain a general and practical light intensity expression of the base model Gaussian laser under the straight edge diffraction field, and had some model analysis and simulation of its light intensity distribution characteristics.
Study and Design of Human-Machine Interface System for Embedded CNC Precision Internal Grinder
Authors: Yin Zhen , Li Hua , Li Yan , Xie Ou
Published: December 2011

According to the properties of the CNC precision internal grinding, the Human-machine interface system for the CNC based on industrial-grade touch device is proposed in this paper. Based on analyzing the human-machine interface system on the whole, each module is described in detail. The whole human-machine interface system is friendly, convenient and flexible, which meet the function requirements of embedded CNC precision internal grinder.