bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analysis of Bacterial and Fungal Infections after Cytoreduction Surgery and Hyperthermic Intraperitoneal Chemotherapy: An Observational Single-Centre Study
Authors: Albukhari Talat A. M. , Nafady-Hego Hanaa , Elgendy Hamed , Abd Elmoneim Hanan M. , Nafady Asmaa , Alzahrani Abdulaziz M.
Published: August 2019

Introduction. While hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) after cytoreduction surgery (CRS) has been shown to improve patient survival and disease-free progression in peritoneal carcinoma (PC) patients, the procedure relates to a high postoperative infection rate. Herein, we report the bacterial and fungal infections after CRS and HIPEC from a single institution in Saudi Arabia. Patients and Methods. A prospective observational study was conducted on 38 patients with PC selected for CRS/HIPEC procedure between 2012 and 2015 in our centre. Results. Postoperative bacterial and fungal infection within 100 days was 42.2%, bacterial infection was reported always, and fungal infection was reported in 5 (13.2%) cases. Infections from the surgical site were considered the most common infection site. Multidrug-resistant extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) Escherichia coli was the most frequent isolate, followed by multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Lower preoperative albumin and a prolonged preoperative activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) are associated with postoperative infections, while a prolonged preoperative hospital stay (hazard ratio (HR) = 1.064; confidence interval (CI) = 1.002–1.112; P=0.042) and more intraoperative blood loss (>10%) (HR = 3.919; 95% CI = 1.024–14.995; P=0.046) were independent risk factors for postoperative infections. Three cases died during the follow-up period; all were due to infection. Discussion. The infection rate in our centre compared to previous studies of comparable patients was matching. Effective management of postoperative infections should be considered, and identified risk factors in this study can help to focus on effective prevention and treatment strategies.
Association of Asthma Control and Metered-Dose Inhaler Use Technique among Adult Asthmatic Patients Attending Outpatient Clinic, in Resource-Limited Country: A Prospective Study
Authors: Kebede Bezie , Mamo Girma , Molla Abebaw
Published: August 2019

Asthma is a heterogeneous disease which is characterized by chronic airway inflammation. It is a common chronic respiratory disease affecting 1–18% of population in different countries. It can be treated mainly with inhaled medications in several forms, including pressurized metered-dose inhaler (MDI). Patients encountered difficulty in using inhaler devices even after repeated demonstration and/re-evaluation. This could highly compromise patient treatment outcome/asthma control. To evaluate relationship between MDI use technique and asthma control among adult asthmatic patients who attend respiratory clinic in Jimma University Medical Center (JUMC), Southwest Ethiopia. A prospective observational study was conducted from March to August 22, 2018. All adult asthmatic patients who met the inclusion criteria were included in the study. Patient baseline assessment was conducted (patient demography, inhalation technique, adherence, and asthma control status). Inhalation technique was obtained using a standard checklist of steps recommended in National Institute of Health (NIH) guidelines. Patient adherence using asthma inhalation test and asthma control status was assessed by 2017 GINA guideline. Independent predictors of outcome were identified, strength of association between dependent and independent variables was determined by using ordinal logistic regression analysis, and statistical significance was considered atP<0.05. One hundred forty patients were included in the analysis. Among these, 26 (18.4%) patients were controlled, 65 (46.1%) partially controlled, and 35% uncontrolled. Proportion of patients with uncontrolled asthma were higher among inefficient as compared to efficient, whereas patients with controlled asthma were higher among efficient as compared to inefficient. Asthma control status is significantly associated with inhalation technique (P=0.006). Since most of the patients were inefficient and it is significantly associated with asthma control status, the hospital tried to adopt video MDI teaching program, and the patient should ask healthcare professionals how to take medication and they should bring their device to receive demonstration during visit. Health professionals should re-evaluate the patient during their hospital visit and encourage bringing their device to give demonstration.
Mr2DNM: A Novel Mutual Information-Based Dendritic Neuron Model
Authors: Qian Xiaoxiao , Wang Yirui , Cao Shuyang , Todo Yuki , Gao Shangce
Published: August 2019

By employing a neuron plasticity mechanism, the original dendritic neuron model (DNM) has been succeeded in the classification tasks with not only an encouraging accuracy but also a simple learning rule. However, the data collected in real world contain a lot of redundancy, which causes the process of analyzing data by DNM become complicated and time-consuming. This paper proposes a reliable hybrid model which combines a maximum relevance minimum redundancy (Mr2) feature selection technique with DNM (namely, Mr2DNM) for classifying the practical classification problems. The mutual information-based Mr2 is applied to evaluate and rank the most informative and discriminative features for the given dataset. The obtained optimal feature subset is used to train and test the DNM for classifying five different problems arisen from medical, physical, and social scenarios. Experimental results suggest that the proposed Mr2DNM outperforms DNM and other six classification algorithms in terms of accuracy and computational efficiency.
Sorrel Extract Reduces Oxidant Production in Airway Epithelial Cells Exposed to Swine Barn Dust Extract In Vitro
Authors: Gerald Carresse L. , McClendon Chakia J. , Ranabhat Rohit S. , Waterman Jenora T. , Kloc Lauren L. , Conklin Dawn R. , Barton Ke’Yona T. , Khatiwada Janak R. , Williams Leonard L.
Published: August 2019

Exposure to hog barn organic dust contributes to occupational lung diseases, which are mediated by inflammatory and oxidative stress pathways. Isoprostanes—a family of eicosanoids produced by oxidation of phospholipids by oxygen radicals—are biomarkers of pulmonary oxidative stress. Importantly, 8-isoprostane has been implicated as a key biomarker and mediator of oxidative stress because it is a potent pulmonary vasoconstrictor. Antioxidants found in fruits and vegetables hold promise for preventing or reducing effects of oxidative stress-related diseases including chronic bronchitis and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Here, we investigated 8-isoP and oxidant production by organic dust-exposed airway epithelial cells and the inhibitory effects of an extract from calyces of the sorrel plant, Hibiscus sabdariffa, on oxidant-producing pathways. Confluent cultures of normal human tracheobronchial epithelial cells were pretreated or not with 1% sorrel extract prior to 5% dust extract (DE) exposure. Following DE treatments, live cells, cell-free supernatants, or cell extracts were evaluated for the presence of 8-isoprostane, superoxide, hydrogen peroxide, nitric oxide, hydroxyl radical, peroxynitrite, and catalase activity to evaluate sorrel’s inhibitory effect on oxidative stress. The well-known radical scavenging antioxidant, N-acetyl cysteine (NAC), was used for comparisons with sorrel. DE exposure augmented the production of all radicals measured including 8-isoprostane (p value < 0.001), which could be inhibited by NAC or sorrel. Among reactive oxygen and nitrogen species generated in response to DE exposure, sorrel had no effect on H2O2 production and NAC had no significant effect on NO⋅ production. The observations reported here suggest a possible role for sorrel in preventing 8-isoprostane and oxidant-mediated stress responses in bronchial epithelial cells exposed to hog barn dust. These findings suggest a potential role for oxidative stress pathways in mediating occupational lung diseases and antioxidants within sorrel and NAC in reducing dust-mediated oxidative stress within the airways of exposed workers.
Origin Identification of the Sauce-Flavor Chinese Baijiu by Organic Acids, Trace Elements, and the Stable Carbon Isotope Ratio
Authors: Zhang Jian , Tian Zhiqiang , Ma Yiqian , Shao Feilong , Huang Jialing , Wu Hao , Tian Ling
Published: August 2019

Sauce-flavor baijiu is a popular Chinese baijiu. To avoid adulteration and market cheating, this study aims to develop a new, reliable, and accurate traceability system for characterization of the geographical origins. Totally, 100 samples collected from seven regions in Guizhou Province of China are analyzed, involving 13 trace elements, 5 organic acids, and stable carbon isotope composition of acetic acid. Based on these data, a geographical classification model is established. The origin accuracy is found to reach as high as 83%, thus providing a useful technique for authentication of the sauce-flavor baijiu and contributing to the healthy development of the baijiu industry in China.
Joint Quality Investment and Inventory Decisions for Perishable Items with Reference Quality Effect under the O2O Environment
Authors: Li Yuan , Hou Yumei
Published: August 2019

Reference quality, as a benchmark against which the purchase quality of a product is judged, has an important impact on consumers’ purchase decision, especially perishable items. Thus, how to determine an appropriate quality investment and ordering strategies for perishable items to maximize retailers’ profit is an essential task. A joint dynamic quality investment and inventory replenishment problem for perishable items with consideration of reference quality effect is investigated, where the retailer sells its products using a combination of the offline and online stores, and the sales function is sensitive to products’ quality and consumers’ reference quality. The optimal control model is established to maximize the retailer’s total profit by making a joint quality and inventory strategy. The continuous time dynamic optimal quality investment and inventory replenishment strategies with reference quality effect are obtained by Pontryagin’s maximum principle. Numerical experiments are accounted for the key system parameters on the optimal strategies.
Therapeutic Effects of Intravenous Injection of Fresh and Frozen Thawed HO-1-Overexpressed Ad-MSCs in Dogs with Acute Spinal Cord Injury
Authors: Khan Imdad Ullah , Yoon Yongseok , Choi Kyeung Uk , Jo Kwang Rae , Kim Namyul , Lee Eunbee , Kim Wan Hee , Kweon Oh-Kyeong
Published: August 2019

Owing to the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory functions of hemeoxygenase-1 (HO-1), HO-1-expressing canine adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (Ad-MSCs) could be efficacious in treating spinal cord injury (SCI). Further, frozen thawed HO-1 Ad-MSCs could be instantly available as an emergency treatment for SCI. We compared the effects of intravenous treatment with freshly cultured HO-1 Ad-MSCs (HO-1 MSCs), only green fluorescent protein-expressing Ad-MSCs (GFP MSCs), and frozen thawed HO-1 Ad-MSCs (FT-HO-1 MSCs) in dogs with acute SCI. For four weeks, dogs were evaluated for improvement in hind limb locomotion using a canine Basso Beattie Bresnahan (cBBB) score. Upon completion of the study, injured spinal cord segments were harvested and used for western blot and histopathological analyses. All cell types had migrated to the injured spinal cord segment. The group that received HO-1 MSCs showed significant improvement in the cBBB score within four weeks. This group also showed significantly higher expression of NF-M and reduced astrogliosis. There was reduced expression of proinflammatory cytokines (IL6, TNF-α, and IL-1β) and increased expression of anti-inflammatory markers (IL-10, HO-1) in the HO-1 MSC group. Histopathological assessment revealed decreased fibrosis at the epicenter of the lesion and increased myelination in the HO-1 MSC group. Together, these data suggest that HO-1 MSCs could improve hind limb function by increasing the anti-inflammatory reaction, leading to neural sparing. Further, we found similar results between GFP MSCs and FT-HO-1 MSCs, which suggest that FT-HO-1 MSCs could be used as an emergency treatment for SCI.
Relationship between the ST-Segment Resolution and Microvascular Dysfunction in Patients Who Underwent Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention
Authors: Kim Byung Gyu , Cho Sung Woo , Ha Jeong-Ha , Ahn Hyo Seung , Lee Hye Young , Kim Gwang Sil , Byun Young Sup , Rhee Kun Joo , Nah Jong Chun , Kim Byung Ok
Published: August 2019

Objectives. Incomplete ST-segment elevation resolution (STR) occasionally occurs despite successful revascularization of epicardial coronary artery after primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PPCI). The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between the degree of STR and the severity of microvascular dysfunction. Methods. A total of 73 consecutive patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) who underwent successful PPCI were evaluated. Serial 12-lead electrocardiography was performed at baseline and at 90 minutes after PPCI. Microvascular dysfunction was assessed by index of microvascular resistance (IMR) immediately after PPCI. Results. Patients were classified into 2 groups: 50 patients with complete STR (STR ≥50%) and 23 patients with incomplete STR (STR <50%). The incomplete STR group had a higher IMR value and lower left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), compared with the complete STR group. The degree of STR was significantly correlated with IMR (r = −0.416, P=0.002) and LVEF (r = 0.300, P=0.011). These correlations were only observed in patients with left anterior descending artery (LAD) infarction but not observed in patients with non-LAD infarction. A cutoff IMR value was 27.3 for predicting incomplete STR after PPCI. Conclusion. Incomplete STR after PPCI in patients with STEMI reflects the presence of microvascular and left ventricular dysfunction, especially in patients with LAD infarction.
Distributed Adaptive Optimization for Generalized Linear Multiagent Systems
Authors: Liu Shuxin , Jiang Haijun , Zhang Liwei , Mei Xuehui
Published: August 2019

In this paper, the edge-based and node-based adaptive algorithms are established, respectively, to solve the distribution convex optimization problem. The algorithms are based on multiagent systems with general linear dynamics; each agent uses only local information and cooperatively reaches the minimizer. Compared with existing results, a damping term in the adaptive law is introduced for the adaptive algorithms, which makes the algorithms more robust. Under some sufficient conditions, all agents asymptotically converge to the consensus value which minimizes the cost function. An example is provided for the effectiveness of the proposed algorithms.
Factors Associated with Uptake of Intermittent Preventive Treatment of Malaria in Pregnancy: A Cross-Sectional Study in Private Health Facilities in Tema Metropolis, Ghana
Authors: Amankwah Selina , Anto Francis
Published: August 2019

Introduction. Intermittent preventive treatment of malaria in pregnancy with sulfadoxine pyrimethamine (IPTp-SP) is effective in preventing the adverse consequences of malaria on birth outcomes. Methods. A cross-sectional survey was carried out among antenatal and postnatal women and midwives at private health facilities in Tema using the mixed method to investigate factors associated with uptake of IPTp-SP. Antenatal and postnatal women were consecutively enrolled and data on their sociodemographic characteristics and antenatal service utilization collected using a questionnaire and review of antenatal care (ANC) records. In-depth interviews involving attending midwives were conducted and data on ANC service delivery collected. The interviews were manually analyzed. Bivariate and multiple logistic regression analyses were done to determine factors associated with uptake of SP. Results. Of the 382 respondents, 178 (46.6%) took ≥ 3 doses of SP. Uptake was similar for those who had delivered and those yet to deliver (χ2 =2.94, p > 0.05). Ninety-seven of the 176 (55.1%) women who initiated antenatal visit during the first trimester received ≥ 3 doses of SP whilst 42.0% (76/181) of those who started during the second trimester received ≥ 3 doses (χ2 = 5.64, p = 0.02). Those who initiated ANC during the second trimester received more doses compared to those who started during the third trimester (χ2 = 4.43, p = 0.04). Respondents who attended ANC > 5 times increased their uptake by 83% compared to those who attended < 5 times (OR 0.2, 95% C.I 0.12-0.31). There was poor adherence to directly observed treatment and low knowledge of midwives on IPTp-SP protocol. Conclusion. Early initiation and regular visit to antenatal care centres promoted uptake of optimal doses of SP.
FGFR1 Amplification Mediates Endocrine Resistance but Retains TORC Sensitivity in Metastatic Hormone Receptor–Positive (HR+) Breast Cancer
Authors: Drago Joshua Z. , Formisano Luigi , Juric Dejan , Niemierko Andrzej , Servetto Alberto , Wander Seth A. , Spring Laura M. , Vidula Neelima , Younger Jerry , Peppercorn Jeffrey , Yuen Megan , Malvarosa Giuliana , Sgroi Dennis , Isakoff Steven J. , Moy Beverly , Ellisen Leif W. , Iafrate A. John , Arteaga Carlos L. , Bardia Aditya
Published: August 2019

Purpose:

While FGFR1 amplification has been described in breast cancer, the optimal treatment approach for FGFR1-amplified (FGFR1+) metastatic breast cancer (MBC) remains undefined.

Experimental Design: We evaluated clinical response to endocrine and targeted therapies in a cohort of patients with hormone receptor–positive (HR+)/HER2− MBC and validated the functional role of FGFR1-amplification in mediating response/resistance to hormone therapy in vitro.

Results:

In the clinical cohort (N = 110), we identified that patients with FGFR1+ tumors were more likely to have progesterone receptor (PR)-negative disease (47% vs. 20%; P = 0.005), coexisting TP53 mutations (41% vs. 21%; P = 0.05), and exhibited shorter time to progression with endocrine therapy alone and in combination with CDK4/6 inhibitor, but not with a mTOR inhibitor (everolimus), adjusting for key prognostic variables in multivariate analysis. Furthermore, mTOR-based therapy resulted in a sustained radiological and molecular response in an index case of FGFR1+ HR+/HER2− MBC. In preclinical models, estrogen receptor–positive (ER+)/FGFR1-amplified CAMA1 human breast cancer cells were only partially sensitive to fulvestrant, palbociclib, and alpelisib, but highly sensitive to everolimus. In addition, transduction of an FGFR1 expression vector into ER+ T47D cells induced resistance to fulvestrant that could be overcome by added TORC1 inhibition, but not PI3K or CDK4/6 inhibition.

Conclusions:

Collectively, these findings suggest that while FGFR1 amplification confers broad resistance to ER, PI3K, and CDK4/6 inhibitors, mTOR inhibitors might have a unique therapeutic role in the treatment of patients with ER+/FGFR1+ MBC.
Paradigm of Sudden Death Prevention in Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy
Authors: Maron Barry J. , Rowin Ethan J. , Maron Martin S.
Published: August 2019

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is a worldwide genetic heart disease and a common cause of sudden death in the young. Penetration of the implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) into this patient population over the past 20 years has made accurate selection of patients for primary prevention ICDs a priority. Consequently, a new paradigm has emerged in the management of this complex disease with ICD therapy responsible for a substantial decrease in overall HCM-related mortality (to 0.5%/y) and independent of patient age. Selection of candidates for ICDs has matured substantially with the formulation of an enhanced risk stratification algorithm. One or more contemporary risk markers judged major within a given patient’s clinical profile, in association with physician judgment and shared decision-making, is sufficient to consider a primary prevention ICD implant. An enhanced American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association risk factor model (including new contrast-magnetic resonance–based markers, such as left ventricular apical aneurysm) used prospectively to make ICD decisions proved to be 95% sensitive for identifying patients who would experience ≥1 appropriate device therapies terminating ventricular tachycardia/fibrillation. The number of HCM patients required to treat with ICDs to save 1 patient with abolition of lethal ventricular tachyarrhythmias was 6:1, similar to randomized defibrillator trials in other cardiomyopathies. In contrast to patients with ischemic heart disease, after ICD shock HCM patients rarely experience transformation to heart failure deterioration or sudden arrhythmic death. The mathematically derived risk score model proposed by the European Society of Cardiology was inferior for identifying high-risk patients susceptible to arrhythmic sudden death with a sensitivity of only 33%, leaving many patients exposed to the possibility of sudden death without ICDs. In conclusion, introduction of the ICD associated with a matured risk stratification algorithm has altered management strategy and clinical course of many HCM patients, making the likelihood of sudden death prevention a reality and fulfilling the aspiration of preservation of life and reduced mortality for this vulnerable patient population.
Cervical Spinal Involvement in a Chinese Pedigree With Pontine Autosomal Dominant Microangiopathy and Leukoencephalopathy Caused by a 3′ Untranslated Region Mutation of
COL4A1
Gene
Authors: Zhao Yu-Ying , Duan Ruo-Nan , Ji Lin , Liu Qi-Ji , Yan Chuan-Zhu
Published: August 2019

Background and Purpose—

Pontine autosomal dominant microangiopathy and leukoencephalopathy, a recently defined subtype of cerebral small vessel disease, is associated with mutations in
COL4A1
(collagen type IV alpha 1 chain) 3′ untranslated region. We here describe a pontine autosomal dominant microangiopathy and leukoencephalopathy pedigree with
COL4A1
mutation presenting both pontine and cervical spinal cord involvement.

Methods—

For the diagnostic purpose, brain and spinal magnetic resonance imaging scanning, skin biopsy, and whole-exome sequencing were performed on the patients in the pedigree. Suspected pathogenic variants were further confirmed by cosegregation analysis using Sanger sequencing in the family members.

Results—

We identified a mutation located at the binding site of miR-29 (microRNA-29) in 3′ untranslated region of
COL4A1
(c.*32G>A). The pontine autosomal dominant microangiopathy and leukoencephalopathy patients in this pedigree carried this variant, whereas other healthy family members but one did not. Magnetic resonance imaging showed lesions in the pons, white matter, and cervical spinal cord. Skin biopsy revealed thickened basal lamina in vessels.

Conclusions—

For the first time, we reported cervical spinal involvement in pontine autosomal dominant microangiopathy and leukoencephalopathy and expanded the clinical spectrum of this disease
Characteristics of Offenders Participating in the Romanian Prison Service Credit System
Authors: Morar Ioana , Motiuk Laurence L. , Keown Leslie Anne
Published: August 2019

Correctional assessment strategies and standards of practice should help to identify those offenders who are “good candidates” for earlier or conditional release while incarcerated. Several studies conducted on the Romanian prison population showed that a restricted set of items could accurately identify potential for early release decision-making and post release outcomes. Among a variety of relevant predictors identified was offender participation in a credit scheme with accompanying rewards and penalties. The Romanian Prison Service’s automated database was used to identify groups of offenders who had either earned (total, social reintegration activities or work) or lost credits for analytical purposes. These groups were used to make comparisons on a variety of case specific variables such as criminal history, sentence length, offence type and education. The present study extends previous research on prediction by unpacking offender participation in the credit scheme in relation to two outcome measures; early release from custody as well as subsequent returns to custody after early release.
Wider den doxastischen Kompatibilismus
Authors: Wagner Verena
Published: August 2019

The aim of this paper is to show that doxastic compatibilists are making a strong case for genuine doxastic freedom when modelled on compatibilist free will. Unfortunately, their arguments from analogy can be used for the introduction of rather odd forms of freedom that concern our emotions, e.g. “freedom of fear” and “freedom of anger”. The author argues that this problem of overgeneralisation also concerns free will compatibilists who originally provided the weak conditions that are used by doxastic compatibilists. She points out the possibilities and costs of avoiding these consequences and concludes that the standard compatibilist picture is not tenable.
The vascular plant collections of Francisco Newton (1864–1909) in Angola
Authors: FIGUEIREDO ESTRELA , SMITH GIDEON F. , CERÍACO LUIS M.P.
Published: August 2019

Francisco Newton (18 May 1864–9 December 1909), who was born in Portugal, travelled to Angola at the age of 16 and during his initial stay, which lasted from 1880 until late-1884 or early-1885, he collected plant specimens. At the time Angola was a Portuguese colony. During a second expedition to Angola that lasted from 1903 to 1905, Newton did not collect any plant specimens. Newton’s plant specimens are kept in several European herbaria, including COI, K, LISU, PO, W, and G, but little is known about collecting activities during his first visit to Africa. We provide an analysis of his work while in Angola in the early- to mid-1880s. Information is provided on the typification of names of vascular plants that Newton collected in Angola.
Revisiting the taxonomy of Abutilon australiense (Malvaceae), a little known species of peninsular India
Authors: NIMBALKAR VARSHA VILASRAO , NANDIKAR MAYUR D. , SARDESAI MILIND M.
Published: August 2019

A widely distributed infraspecific taxon, Abutilon indicum subsp. albescens var. australiense is collected after lapse of six decades from peninsular India and recognized here as distinct species, Abutilon australiense comb. et stat. nov. The detailed comparative morphology with its associated taxa has been discussed in the present article with updated nomenclature and typification.
Dipterological surveys in Portugal unveil 200 species of long-legged flies, with over 170 new to the country (Diptera: Dolichopodidae)
Authors: POLLET MARC , ANDRADE RUI , GONÇALVES ANA , ANDRADE PEDRO , JACINTO VALTER , ALMEIDA JORGE , DE BRAEKELEER ANJA , VAN CALSTER HANS , BROSENS DIMITRI
Published: August 2019

A first comprehensive account on the dolichopodid fauna (Diptera: Dolichopodidae) of Portugal is presented as the result of multiple surveys by primarily Portuguese researchers between 2009 and 2016. All mainland Portuguese provinces and all districts but one (Évora) were investigated. A total of 761 dolichopodid samples were collected in 278 sampling sites distributed over 87 municipalities and 182 localities, with nearly ¾ of the samples gathered by sweep net. They contained 6,680 specimens of 200 different species, with 142 recognized (known), 40 new (undescribed) and 18 doubtful species. Medetera and Dolichopus were the most diverse among the recognized species, with 20 and 18 species respectively. Fourteen genera were represented by the new species, with Medetera as most diverse. The doubtful species included one species of Pelastoneurus, which is a first record of this genus for the Palaearctic realm. At present 208 dolichopodid species are known from Portugal. A checklist with 150 recognized species is presented, with first records of 116 species for Portugal. For nearly every species, information on its distribution, ecology and rarity in Portugal and northwestern Europe is given, as well as its seasonal activity in Portugal. Raw distribution data are available as dataset in GBIF. Seventy-five pictures of species in the field, and 15 habitat photos are also provided. Current data suggest that a higher proportion of Portuguese species are rare as compared to the Flemish fauna (northern Belgium). Both share 104 species, with 38 species only recorded from Portugal; only seven can be considered Iberian or Portuguese specialities. Though differences between the two Portuguese biomes cannot be substantiated at this moment, two very common and widespread European species, Campsicnemus scambus and Chrysotimus molliculus, seem to be restricted to the Eurosiberian biome in the northwest of the country. In terms of generic representation, the Portuguese dolichopodid fauna occupies an intermediate position between those of northwestern European and other Mediterranean countries. Despite the large amount of data gathered, the dolichopodid fauna of Portugal remains insufficiently known and a considerable number of additional known and new species can be expected with continued sampling.
The type specimens of bees (Hymenoptera, Apoidea) deposited in the Zoological Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg. Contribution II. Family Halictidae, subfamilies Rophitinae, Nomiinae, and Nomioidinae
Authors: ASTAFUROVA YULIA V. , PROSHCHALYKIN MAXIM YU.
Published: August 2019

The type specimens for names of bee taxa in the subfamilies Rophitinae, Nomiinae, and Nomioidinae of family Halictidae deposited in the Zoological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences (St. Petersburg) are reviewed. Primary types of 63 taxa are illustrated and detailed information is provided (taxa include 20 described by F. Morawitz; 15 by Yu. Pesenko (one of them with N. Davydova and one with A. Pauly); ten by V. Popov; nine by P. Blüthgen; four by E. Eversmann; three by Yu. Astafurova; one by H. Friese, one by A. Ponomareva). A lectotype is designated for Nomia squamata Morawitz, 1894.
Global Assessment of Semidiurnal Internal Tide Aliasing in Argo Profiles
Authors: Hennon Tyler D. , Alford Matthew H. , Zhao Zhongxiang
Published: August 2019

Though unresolved by Argo floats, internal waves still impart an aliased signal onto their profile measurements. Recent studies have yielded nearly global characterization of several constituents of the stationary internal tides. Using this new information in conjunction with thousands of floats, we quantify the influence of the stationary, mode-1 M2 and S2 internal tides on Argo-observed temperature. We calculate the in situ temperature anomaly observed by Argo floats (usually on the order of 0.1°C) and compare it to the anomaly expected from the stationary internal tides derived from altimetry. Globally, there is a small, positive correlation between the expected and in situ signals. There is a stronger relationship in regions with more intense internal waves, as well as at depths near the nominal mode-1 maximum. However, we are unable to use this relationship to remove significant variance from the in situ observations. This is somewhat surprising, given that the magnitude of the altimetry-derived signal is often on a similar scale to the in situ signal, and points toward a greater importance of the nonstationary internal tides than previously assumed.
Conceptualizing Well-Being in Vocational Psychology: A Model of Fulfilling Work
Authors: Allan Blake A. , Owens Rhea L. , Sterling Haley M. , England Jessica W. , Duffy Ryan D.
Published: August 2019

Following from the strengths-based inclusive theory of work (S-BIT of Work), fulfilling work is a central goal of career and work counseling. However, vocational psychologists have yet to develop a comprehensive model of fulfilling work. We addressed this concern by reviewing the literature on well-being, developing the fulfilling work construct, and delineating an operationalized model of fulfilling work. This operationalization contains four components: (a) job satisfaction, (b) meaningful work, (c) work engagement, and (d) workplace positive emotions. These components capture the hedonic, eudaimonic, cognitive, and affective dimensions of fulfilling work. Researchers can adapt these components to different cultures by adjusting their operationalizations and understanding how people interpret and experience fulfilling work in different contexts. Fulfilling work represents the core experience of well-being in the work context and provides a starting point for research on the S-BIT of Work.
Should We Incorporate the Work of Elisabeth Kübler-Ross in Our Current Teaching and Practice and, If So, How?
Authors: Corr Charles A.
Published: August 2019

This article acknowledges the historical importance of the work of Elisabeth Kübler-Ross and her five stages model. Because her name and this model appear in many textbooks, professional educational programs, and popular culture, should we incorporate these subjects in responsible ways in our current teaching and practice? The answer proposed here is that we should incorporate these subjects, but only if (a) we focus on her recommendations on behalf of active listening and learning from persons diagnosed with a terminal illness, (b) we limit ourselves to her descriptions of the individual reactions and responses experienced by her interviewees, (c) we acknowledge criticisms of the five stages model as a framework for understanding coping with life-threatening illness and dying, (d) we draw instead on alternative theories of coping with dying, and (e) we recognize dangers in applying this model to issues involving loss, grief, and bereavement and do not do so.
Book review: Sarbeswar Sahoo, Pentecostalism and Politics of Conversion in India
Authors: Menon Vineetha
Published: August 2019

Sarbeswar Sahoo, Pentecostalism and Politics of Conversion in India. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2018, xviii + 205 pp. (Hardback). ISBN: 978-1-108-41612-2.
Book review: Sudip Basu, In Diasporic Lands—Tibetan Refugees and Their Transformation Since the Exodus
Authors: Sharma Satish K.
Published: August 2019

Sudip Basu, In Diasporic Lands—Tibetan Refugees and Their Transformation Since the Exodus (with a Foreword by Samir Kumar Das). Hyderabad: Orient BlackSwan Private Ltd., 2018, xxii + 250 pp., ₹775 (Hardback). ISBN: 978-93-52870-85-1.
Parenthood as intended: Reproductive responsibility, moral judgements and having children ‘by accident’
Authors: Pralat Robert
Published: August 2019

What does it mean to have a child ‘by accident’? And why is parenthood so often described as happening ‘accidentally’, even when it is likely to involve at least some degree of intention? Drawing on interviews conducted in England and Wales with lesbians and gay men who do not have children but may have them in the future, this article explores the meanings of the notion that, as a same-sex couple, ‘you can’t have a child by accident’ – a comment that interviewees frequently made unprompted when they were asked about the possibility of becoming parents. My data show that referring to ‘accidental parenthood’ is a common way of distinguishing one’s experience of early adulthood from that of heterosexual people, especially among white, middle-class lesbians. As a closer reading of the data also suggests, parenthood that arguably happens by accident is often neither unforeseen nor unfortunate, and its currency as a point of reference reveals a powerful cultural narrative. When a wide range of reproductive behaviours are often deemed irresponsible because of their broadly defined timing, describing a pregnancy as an accident obscures responsibility. I argue that, to a certain extent, the discourse of accidental parenthood can serve to prevent moral judgements about reproductive decisions. Consequently, however, the ‘inability’ to have a child by accident makes the prospect of creating a family not only more complicated but also subject to greater scrutiny.
When sounds, colors, and shapes meet: Investigating children’s audiovisual art in response to classical music
Authors: Elkoshi Rivka
Published: August 2019

This study was designed to investigate children’s audiovisual art, following intuitive listening to complete classical works from different historical periods. The study aimed to examine the effect of different musical stimuli on children’s audiovisual output. Two related questions were asked: (1) How do children visually and verbally represent music from different historical periods? (2) What musical and extra-musical elements are represented? Participants were 181 second graders (age 7.0–8.5). Three compositions were presented: a 12th-century anonymous choral from the liturgical drama “ Danielis Ludus,” Chopin’s prelude op. 28 no. 10, and Bartók’s “ Melody in the Mist” Vol. 4 no. 107, from “ Mikrokosmos.” Each composition is based on distinct musical parameters: vocal timbre, melodic contour, and texture alternations, respectively. Data consisted of 495 audio-graphic productions and related accounts. Analysis progressed in three stages abbreviated MSC: Morphological dimensions, focusing on type of symbols employed; Structural dimensions, focusing on the overall graphical design; and Conceptual dimensions focusing on the generic meanings of the productions. Results indicated significant differences in children’s reactions to each of the three compositions, showing that MSC dimensions are influenced by the type of music presented and that differences in MSC dimensions are statistically significant. Experiencing “audiovisuology” in school is one way of promoting art integration.
Understanding users’ participation in online health communities: A social capital perspective
Authors: Zhou Tao
Published: August 2019

Due to the intense competition, it is crucial for online health communities to facilitate users’ participation and retain them. Drawing on the social capital theory, this research examined users’ participation in online health communities. The results indicated that social support, which includes informational support and emotional support, has a significant effect on social capital, which in turn affects users’ participation including health knowledge acquisition and contribution. The results imply that online health communities need to create a supportive climate in order to develop social capital and facilitate users’ participation.
Erenumab (AMG 334), a monoclonal antagonist antibody against the canonical CGRP receptor, does not impair vasodilatory or contractile responses to other vasoactive agents in human isolated cranial arteries
Authors: Ohlsson Lena , Haanes Kristian A , Kronvall Erik , Xu Cen , Snellman Josefin , Edvinsson Lars
Published: August 2019

Background

Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) is a neuronal transmitter present in intracranial sensory nerves, where it is involved in migraine pathophysiology as well as other biological functions. Recently, the fully human monoclonal antibody erenumab (AMG 334), which targets the canonical calcitonin gene-related peptide receptor, showed significant prophylactic efficacy and favourable safety in phase II and III clinical trials for episodic and chronic migraine and is now approved for migraine prevention in several countries.

Objective

Given that calcitonin gene-related peptide can mediate vasodilation, we investigated the effect of erenumab on vasoactive responses in the presence or absence of various vasodilatory and vasocontractile mediators in a model using isolated human cerebral and meningeal arteries.

Methods

Ring segments of human isolated cerebral and meningeal arteries were mounted in a sensitive myograph. On arterial segments pre-contracted with 30 mM potassium chloride, vasoactive responses to calcitonin gene-related peptide were studied in the presence of different concentrations of erenumab. At the maximal tested inhibitory concentration of erenumab (100 nM), functional arterial relaxation in response to nicardipine or substance P, and the contractile responses to sumatriptan and dihydroergotamine were examined.

Results

30 mM potassium chloride produced a stable contraction of the vessel segments and calcitonin gene-related peptide induced a concentration-dependent relaxation. We observed that (i) erenumab had no direct contractile or relaxant effects per se (by itself), (ii) pre-treatment with erenumab antagonized the calcitonin gene-related peptide-induced relaxation in a competitive manner, (iii) the relaxant responses to nicardipine or substance P were unaffected in the presence of erenumab and (iv) the contraction induced by sumatriptan or dihydroergotamine was not modified by erenumab.

Conclusion

Our findings demonstrate that erenumab, while not associated with vasoactive properties per se, specifically inhibits calcitonin gene-related peptide-induced relaxation of cranial arteries without impacting vasodilatory responses or contractile responses of endogenous or pharmacological vasoactive compounds.
Geosurveillance, Location Privacy, and Personalization
Authors: Banerjee Syagnik
Published: August 2019

As connected consumers expand their digital footprint, firms are legally purchasing location data generated by apps, sold to intermediaries, and cleaned by analytics vendors for personalized targeting, advertising, and risk profiling. Data storage and flow across multiple sectors and states cause increased variability in agency jurisdiction, legal standards, and premise for legal recourse to privacy violations. To better inform industries, policy makers, and consumers in this rapidly changing environment, the author develops a new construct, location privacy, articulating the rich impact of geosurveillance on the consumer. Analysis of studies conducted using car GPS and wearable devices find that data service provider familiarity (known, unknown) and georeferencing style (environment, movement) affect location privacy concerns and the adoption likelihood of personalized driving and health insurance policies underwritten with disclosed location data. The article discusses implications about potential marketer liabilities and regulators’ roles in moderating the market’s concerns regarding geosurveillance.
An Exploration of the Temporal Dynamics of Circadian Resetting Responses to Short- and Long-Duration Light Exposures: Cross-Species Consistencies and Differences
Authors: Kronauer Richard E. , St. Hilaire Melissa A. , Rahman Shadab A. , Czeisler Charles A. , Klerman Elizabeth B.
Published: August 2019

Light is the most effective environmental stimulus for shifting the mammalian circadian pacemaker. Numerous studies have been conducted across multiple species to delineate wavelength, intensity, duration, and timing contributions to the response of the circadian pacemaker to light. Recent studies have revealed a surprising sensitivity of the human circadian pacemaker to short pulses of light. Such responses have challenged photon counting–based theories of the temporal dynamics of the mammalian circadian system to both short- and long-duration light stimuli. Here, we collate published light exposure data from multiple species, including gerbil, hamster, mouse, and human, to investigate these temporal dynamics and explore how the circadian system integrates light information at both short- and long-duration time scales to produce phase shifts. Based on our investigation of these data sets, we propose 3 new interpretations: (1) intensity and duration are independent factors of total phase shift magnitude, (2) the possibility of a linear/log temporal function of light duration that is universal for all intensities for durations less than approximately 12 min, and (3) a potential universal minimum light duration of ~0.7 sec that describes a “dead zone” of light stimulus. We show that these properties appear to be consistent across mammalian species. These interpretations, if confirmed by further experiments, have important practical implications in terms of understanding the underlying physiology and for the design of lighting regimens to reset the mammalian circadian pacemaker.
Human Circadian Molecular Oscillation Development Using Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells
Authors: Umemura Yasuhiro , Maki Izumi , Tsuchiya Yoshiki , Koike Nobuya , Yagita Kazuhiro
Published: August 2019

The mammalian circadian clock, which coordinates various physiological functions, develops gradually during ontogeny. Recently, we have reported the posttranscriptional suppression of CLOCK protein expression as a key mechanism of the emergence of the circadian clock during mouse development. However, whether a common mechanism regulates the development of the human circadian clock remains unclear. In the present study, we show that human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) have no discernible circadian molecular oscillation. In addition, in vitro differentiation culture of human iPSCs required a longer duration than that required in mouse for the emergence of circadian oscillations. The expression of CLOCK protein in undifferentiated human iPSCs was posttranscriptionally suppressed despite the expression of CLOCK mRNA, which is consistent with our previous observations in mouse embryonic stem cells, iPSCs, and early mouse embryos. These results suggest that CLOCK protein expressions could be posttranscriptionally suppressed in the early developmental stage not only in mice but also in humans.
‘That they will be capable of governing themselves’: Knowledge of Amerindian Difference and early modern arts of governance in the Spanish Colonial Antilles
Authors: Vasko Timothy Bowers
Published: August 2019

Contrary to conventional accounts, critical knowledge of the cultural differences of Amerindian peoples was not absent in the early Conquest of the Americas. It was indeed a constitutive element of that process. The knowledge, strategies, and institutions of early Conquest relied on, and reproduced, Amerindian difference within the Spanish Empire as an essential element of that empire’s continued claims to legitimate authority. I demonstrate this through a focus on three parallel and sometimes overlapping texts: Ramón Pané’s Indian Antiquities; Peter Martyr d’Anghierra’s First Decade; and the first systematic attempt to govern colonized populations in the Americas, the Laws of Burgos. Not only did each text furnish the necessary material upon which the claims to intellectual, and so civilizational, superiority that were central to the justification of empire could be sustained. What is more, they transformed Amerindian difference from an object of knowledge into a subject of governance.
Experimental investigations of turbulent decaying behaviors in the core-flow region of a propeller wake
Authors: Liu Zhenchen , Liu Peiqing , Guo Hao , Hu Tianxiang
Published: August 2019

This work investigates the turbulent decaying behaviors downstream of a propeller in the core-flow region. Both axial and tangential velocity fluctuations behind a two-bladed propeller were measured using a stationary hot-wire probe. Unexpectedly, the complex near-wake core-flow of the propeller is found to show a similar decay characteristic of homogeneous turbulence, such as grid turbulence. The decay of turbulence intensity is found to be dominated by the level of periodic velocity fluctuations, showing a similar behavior of the homogenous and isotropic turbulence. This turbulent decaying behavior of the core-flow can be adopted for future turbulent modeling techniques.