bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Mechanism of Nitrogen Removal in Domestic Sewage of High Ammonia Nitrogen by Three-Step Series Constructed Rapid Infiltration System
Authors: Kang Ai Bin , Yao Ying Qiang , Dong Yu Long
Published: October 2011

The removal and mechanism of ammonia nitrogen and total nitrogen were studie through three-step series of constructed rapid infiltration system by using high ammonia nitrogen domestic sewage of students' living area in a university. The result shows that the removal rate of ammonia nitrogen is 94.47% by using this system, which is 3% higher than conventional rapid infiltration system.The effluent can meet the standard Ⅰ—A of “Discharge standard of pollutants for municipal wastewater treatment plant(GB 18918-2002)”. The amount of ammonium oxidizing bacteria, nitrate oxidizing bacteria, nitrite oxidizing bacteria in this system is higher than that in conventional rapid infiltration system. The correlation between the removal of ammonia nitrogen and ammonium oxidizing bacteria, nitrate oxidizing bacteria, nitrite oxidizing bacteria is significant. The removal rate of total nitrogen is 47.38% by using this system, which is 20.72% higher than that in conventional rapid infiltration system. However, the effluent still can not meet the standard Ⅰ—A of “Discharge standard of pollutants for municipal wastewater treatment plant (GB 18918-2002)”. The amount of denitrifying bacteria in the three-step subsystem increased significantly, which improves the removal of total nitrogen. The correlation between the removal of TN and denitrification bacteria is significant.
Numerical Simulation of Venturi Device in Flue-Gas Circulating Fluidized Bed Desulphurization Tower
Authors: Li Shao Hua , Qi Guang Cai , Tang Gui Xia , Wang Hu
Published: October 2011

Venturi device has important effect on pressure loss and flow field of flue-gas circulating fluidized bed desulphurization tower. Desulfurization tower is huge. Experimental study is difficult and costly. For these problems, PC-SIMPLE algorithm of Euler model of Fluent software is applied and flow condition of four different kinds Venturi tube are simulated in this paper. The pressure loss of curved Venturi is minimum. Three groups of Venturi tube can get uniform velocity field in the tower. Turbulence intensity of a group Venturi tube is maximum, followed by curved Venturi tube. But the turbulence intensity gradient of a group Venturi tube inside the absorber is also the largest. In order to get low pressure loss and better flow field, three groups Venturi tube is optimum.
Research on Filamentous Bulking in Aerobic Granular Sludge
Authors: Jiang Feng , Zhao Yang Li , Chen Shuai Fu , Liang Rui
Published: October 2011

Aerobic granular sludge (AGS) was cultivated successfully in a sequencing batch reactor (SBR), which has floc sludge as seeding sludge in synthetic wastewater. Removal efficiency in the reactor during the entire working period was investigated. Controlling strategy for filamentous bulking and the effect of a filamentous microorganism on granulation of sludge were discussed. The results showed that whether filamentous bulking occurred or not, there was little impact on the removal rate of phosphorus and ammonia nitrogen, which maintain about 90% and 95%, respectively. Increasing the hydrodynamic shear force has certain effects on the controlling of filamentous bulking. Declining C/N ratio, balancing nutrition in feed water can fundamentally solve the problem of filamentous bulking in the cultivation process of aerobic granular sludge.
Study on the Simultaneous Removal of SO2 and NO by I2 Solution
Authors: Han Fen Nv , Zhong Qin
Published: October 2011

Experiments for studying simultaneous removal of SO2 and NO from simulated flue gas, with I2 solutions as the absorbent, Fe3+ as the catalyst ,were investigated in a self-designed bubble reactor, while various influencing factors on the removal efficiencies examined.The maximum desulfurization and denitrification efficiency achieved is 100% and 69.9%, respectively.
Electrochemically Assisted Photocatalytic Degradation of Pesticide Wastewater by Using the Self-Made Pilot Plant
Authors: Fang Tao , Yang Chao , Liao Li Xia
Published: October 2011

The RuO2/TiO2 photocatalyst was prepared by the dip-coating method, which use Ti mesh as the carrier and titanium tetrachloride and ruthenium chloride as the raw materials. In the same way, the mutil-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) air cathode was synthesized by using the stainless steel mesh as the supporter and the MWCNTs, manganese dioxide and Polytetrafluoethylene (PTFE) as the Substrate. The level of chemical oxygen demand (COD) and chroma are valuable reference index in the photoelectrocatalytic degradation of practical pesticide wastewater by the self-made pilot plant. The real pesticide wastewater is the typical high concentration organic wastewater and CODcr concentration is above 10000mg/L. Practical running showed that the treated pesticide wastewater quality can meet the third grade standard for discharge of pollutants of the integrated wastewater discharge standard (GB8978-1996). The results showed that the removal efficiency of COD and decoloration efficiency were above 90.41% and 78.62%, respectively.
Rice Husk Active Carbon as a Potential Low-Cost Adsorbent for TNT Wastewater
Authors: Fu Dan , Zhang Yi He , Wang He Li , Lv Feng Zhu
Published: October 2011

In this paper, the adsorption properties of TNT on Rice husk active carbon (RHAC) were investigated. The effects of contact time was examined. Kinetic data obtained at different concentrations were conducted using Lagergren’s pseudo first-order, pseudo second-order and diffusion models. The regression results showed that the adsorption kinetics was more accurately represented by pseudo second-order model. The study indicates that there is significant potential for RHAC as an adsorbent material for TNT removal from wastewater.
Effects of Mineral Transformations on the Reduction of PM2.5 during the Combustion of Coal Blends
Authors: Ji Ming Jun , Ninomiya Yoshihiko , Dong Zhong Bing , Wang Qun Ying
Published: October 2011

Two chinese bituminous coals used in coal-fired power plants are combusted under air conditions in a lab-scale drop tube furnace. The effects of minerals transformation on the formation of PM 2.5 are investigated during the combustion of coal blends. The collected PM were subjected to Computer controlled scanning electron microscopy (CCSEM) and High-resolution transmission electron microscopy(HRTEM) coupled with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) analysis for determination of chemical species within them. The results show that PM 2.5 emissions are not linearly related to the wt.% of the parent coal or coal blends. Transformations of fine Si-Al mineral grains provided by the minerals in coal XQ into coarse particles (>2.5 μm in diameter) are responsible for the reduction of PM1-2.5 during the combustion of coal blending. The transformed fine Si-Al particles are captured by the coarse Ca-Mg-Al-Si provided by the minerals in coal HT to form larger Ca-Mg-Al-Si particles (>2.5 μm in diameter). Increasing Ca and Mg concentration in coal blends enhances the liquid concentration produced during combustion and hence affects the emissions of PM1 and PM1-2.5.Through adjusting the mineral compositions in coal blends, the reduction of PM1 and PM1-2.5 emissions can be achieved during combustion.
Photocatalytic Degradation of 4-Chlorophenol with a Novel α-Ga2O3
Authors: Zhao Bao Xiu , Zheng Li Na , Wei Yuan , Yang Fan
Published: October 2011

Chlorophenols is a kind of environmental endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) and it is hard for the common methods to degrade or remove them, so how to decompose these pollutants has attracted researches’ attention. In this paper, a novel α-Ga2O3 was used to degrade 4-chlorophenol via photocatalytic reaction and degradation kinetics was investigated. The effects of main factors, such as dosage of α-Ga2O3 and pH of aqueous solution, on degradation were studied, and degradation kinetics was also established. Experimental results displayed that the optimal pH of aqueous solution was about 7.8 and almost 98% 4-chlorophenol was decomposed after 2 h, when the dosage of α-Ga2O3 was 0.4 g and the initial concentration of 4-chlorophenol was 20 mg/L (V=200 ml). Photocatalytic degradation of 4-chlorophenol with α-Ga2O3abided by first-order kinetics and half-life time was 20.4 min.
Abatement of CF4 and Associated Gas (NOx) with Combined Microwave Plasma and TiO2 Catalyst
Authors: Zhu Xiao Mei , Sun Bing , Xie Hong Duan , Zhang Lian Zheng , Zhao Jia Ni
Published: October 2011

The atmospheric-pressure microwave plasma can remove perfluorocompounds (PFCs) efficiently, which have long lifetime and serious global warming implications. However, associated gases such as NOx are produced in the abatement process of PFCs. In order to destroy PFCs and NOx pollutants, TiO2 catalyst is introduced into the abatement system. The effective TiO2 catalysts are prepared by a sol-gel method with the ratio of tetrabutyl titanate, ethanol, H2O and acetic acid = 1: 7: 1: 0.4. The abatement of CF4 and associated gas (NOx) is carried out with combined microwave plasma and TiO2 catalyst. The results show that the combined microwave plasma and catalyst abatement system can be successfully used to remove CF4 and NOx. The destruction and removal efficiency of CF4 and NOx were higher with the combined catalyst and plasma process than that with catalyst or plasma only.
Research on the Preparation of Silver-Loaded Semi-Coke and its Adsorption Characteristics to Gas-Phase Hg0
Authors: Zhang Hua Wei , Liu Shan Shan , Chen Ji Tao , Wang Li
Published: October 2011

The silver-loaded semi-coke was prepared from Longkou lignite using soaking method by silver nitrate (AgNO3) solution, and the influence of preparation conditions to the efficiency of silver-loaded was investigated in this paper. Then, a fixed-bed reactor was used to investigate the adsorption efficiency of raw and silver-loaded semi-coke to the gas-phase Hg0, the results show that the adsorption performance of silver-loaded semi-coke was improved significantly.
Experimental Study on Separation of CO2 by Using Hollow Fiber Membrane Contactors with Amino Acid Salts Solutions
Authors: Zhang Wei Feng , Lin Zhong Hua
Published: October 2011

Experimental on CO2 removal from flue gas using polypropylene hollow fiber membrane contactors were conducted in this study. Absorbents including aqueous PG, SG were used to absorb CO2 in the experiments, and comparing with aqueous MEA. The experimental results showed that the mass transfer rate of PG and SG increased gradually in experiments while the absorbent concentration can not be elevated without limitation. That may show the mass transfer rate will be eventually saturated at a certain concentration value. The aqueous PG can be selected to absorb CO2 in membrane contactors at a lower liquid flow rate to reduce the potential to wet the membrane. Comparing PG and SG with MEA. The performance of PG is superior to SG and MEA under the same operating conditions.
Dissolution Rate of Paper White Mud at Constant pH
Authors: Zhao Jian Li , Fan Zhao Yan , Li Ying Jie , Han Kui Hua , Lu Chun Mei
Published: October 2011

The dissolution of paper white mud(PWM) has been studied by pH-stat method in various parameters such as the pH values(4.3, 5.4, 6.0, 7.5), sorbent particle sizes (0-0.097mm, 0.097-0.105mm, 0.105-0.3mm), and the reaction temperature (30°C, 40°C, 50°C) in order to investigate the feasibility of using PWM as wet flue gas desulphurization sorbent. The results show that: the lower the pH value is, the higher the dissolution rate; particle size is the direct function of dissolution rate, the smaller the size is, the higher the dissolution rate, the optimal particle size in this work is 0-0.097mm; and reaction temperature has slightly influence on PWM dissolution. Kinetic analysis of the results show that the PWM dissolution is controlled by fluid film diffusion according to shrinking core model and the activation energy is 11.9±0.7 kJmol-1.
Acute and Subacute Toxicity of Bisphenol A on Zebrafish (Danio rerio)
Authors: Chen Xiao Ning , Hang Xiao Ming , Ke Wei Bo , Ma Zhan Yuan , Sun Ye Qing
Published: October 2011

In this paper, acute and subacute toxicity effects of on an environmental estrogen, Bisphenol A (BPA), on zebrafish were investigated. The median lethal concentration (LC50) and the median effect concentration (EC50) of BPA to zebrafish embryos and larvae were calculated. Additionally, effects of BPA on vitellogenin (VTG) gene expression and mating ability to adult male zebrafish were investigated for subacute toxicity analysis. Differed from previous studies on toxicity of BPA, acetone, a relative low-level toxic solution, was adopted as the carrier solvent of BPA in this study. Results showed that the values of 24h、48h and 72h LC50 of BPA on zebrafish embryos and larvae were 16.667mg/l, 9.944 mg/ l, 8.222 mg/l and 20.938 mg/l, 15.170 mg/l, 10.943 mg/l, respectively. The values of 24h and 48h EC50 of BPA on zebrafish embryos were 11.111mg/l and 8.183mg/l, while the valuSubscript textes of 24h, 48h and 72h EC50 of BPA on zebrafish larvae were 14.56mg/l, 12.133mg/l and 9.658mg/l, respectively. Subacute toxicity analysis demonstrated VTG gene was induced in male zebrafish by BPA and the increasing of its expression was both time- and dose-dependent. In addition, BPA could severely inhibit the mating ability of adult male zebrafish and a positive relevance was found between the inhibition and the concentration of BPA exposed.
Experimental Analysis of Controlling Pollutants by the Convergent Jet Air Curtain
Authors: Shi Fa En , Zhu Neng , Liu Kui Xing
Published: October 2011

In order to solve the problem of ventilation systems and pollution control systems where exist pollutants, taking into account the traditional sealed enclosures or partial enclosures, and other pollutants in exhaust hood to control the collection rate is very low. As the collection rate of the Traditional closed cover and local cover which control pollutants is poor, besides that, the energy consumption is Large, based on The actual needs of field and laboratory, the Prototypes and experimental models of Convergent air curtain generator have been set up. And with them univariate and multivariate orthogonal experiments have also been made. Through a large number of experimental analyses, the most Optimal parameters has been got, and the Theoretical model of Convergent jet air curtain. Based on the experimental and theoretical analysis, with the Case studies and Under the conditions of heat radiation of the convergent flow air curtain jet, Comparing with the static test, it has been found that Convergent air curtain makes the room temperature, dust and pollutant concentration, the concentration of air pollutants and energy consumption have been greatly reduced. The theoretical model and experimental results has some reference value and significance on environmental protection, labor protection and health protection related to protection design.
Application of Baffled-Submerged Bio-Film Process in the Treatment of Sewage Wastewater in a Small Town
Authors: Li Ya Feng , Zhang Xiao Ning , Wang Xin
Published: October 2011

The process parameters and running effect of baffled-submerged bio-film process applied in the treatment of sewage wastewater were introduced, aiming to improve the broad application of baffled-submerged bio-film process in the wastewater treatment in small towns. An engineering case was taken as an example to describe the process flow, process parameters and sizes of the structures. The character of the designing was explained along with the discussion of the running effect. The running effect shows that sewage wastewater treated by baffled-submerged bio-film process can meet the requirements of Grand B of Primary standard of Discharge standard of pollutants for municipal wastewater treatment plant (GB18918).
Treatment Measures on Scale Formation of ASP Flooding
Authors: Yu Lan Lan , Wang Bao Hui , Sun Xu Rui
Published: October 2011

Using X-ray diffraction to analyze the scaling samples to discuss the scaling causes. The results show that the main ingredients of scaling are CaCO3, CaSiO3 and non-crystal SiO2 in ASP flooding. Taking "heating concentration state", "scaling ions change" and "inhibition rate" as the evaluation indexes, evaluate the British net yuan scale removal instrument, Germany scale-buster and Korea magnetic antiscale apparatus which are all advanced foreign physical instruments online, and search for the suited antiscaling instruments for oilfield. Results show that the antiscaling effect of British net yuan scale removal instrument on the ASP flooding is better, the inhibition rate reach 69.3 %.
Electrochemical Treatment of Wastewater Containing Chlorophenols Using Boron-Doped Diamond Film Electrodes
Authors: Wang Jian Gong , Li Xue Min
Published: October 2011

The electrochemical treatment of wastewater containing 2, 4, 6-trichlorophenol has been carried out experimentally with synthetic boron-doped diamond (BDD) thin film electrodes. Removal rate of COD, instant current efficiency (ICE) and energy consumption were investigated under different current density. The influence of supporting media is reported, which plays an important role in determining the global oxidation rate. The oxidative chloride is stronger than peroxodisulphate. The electrochemical characteristics of boron-doped diamond electrodes were investigated in comparison with active coating Ti substrate anode (ACT). The experimental results show that BDD is markedly superior to ACT due to its different absorption properties.
Blasting Demolition with Cleanliness and Environmental Protection
Authors: Qi Qi , Cui Xiao Rong , Li Zhan Jun
Published: October 2011

Based on the existing methods of dust reduction in blasting demolition, a new method of dust reduction, which has the characteristics of cleanliness and environmental protection, is put forward. The new method is an integrative one which combines physical and chemical methods of dust reduction. The new method was applied to blasting engineering at busy district and the dust reduction effect is satisfactory. The new method with foaming agent is a good means of dust reduction in blasting demolition, it will give a beneficial reference to other analogical blasting engineering and has an extensive application prospect.
Copper Distribution in Shaxi River Sediments
Authors: Zhang Li Hua , Zheng Cheng Song
Published: October 2011

For the surficial sediments sampled from the Shaxi River in Sanming, Fujian Province, China, the distribution characteristic of heavy metal copper in surficial sediments were investigated. The microwave digestion result showed that the concentration of Cu in surficial sediments ranged from 26.95 mg/kg to 74.76 mg/kg. The results of modified BCR sequential extraction procedure showed that heavy metal copper in the surficial sediment was mainly associated with residual and reducible fractions. The fractions of copper sampled near the wastewater discharge were in the order of residual > reducible > oxidizable > acid soluble > water soluble fraction, and in the order of residual > reducible > acid soluble > oxidizable > water soluble fraction in samples away from the wastewater discharge. The results indicated that the concentration and fraction of pollutant copper were significantly correlative to the wastewater discharge of some iron and steel factory around the Shaxi River, which varied obviously with the downstream distance increasing to the wastewater discharge. The reducible and oxidizable fractions decreased with the downstream distance increasing to the wastewater discharge of iron and steel factory, however, the acid soluble fraction increased with the distance increasing.
A Preliminary Study on the Transport Behavior for a Potential Disposal Site of LILW in Southern China
Authors: Yi Shu Ping , Ma Hai Yi , Wang Hua An
Published: October 2011

Near surface disposal of low and intermediate level radioactive waste (LILW) requires a detailed site investigation of the potential sites, in which the transport behavior of solutes in the groundwater system is one of the key processes that needed to be addressed. An investigation is undertaking for the disposal of LILW at a potential site in Southern China. In-situ test have been conducted to study the hydrogeologic characteristics of the site. Firstly, tests including pit permeability tests, injecting tests, water pressure tests, pumping tests and laboratory permeability tests have been performed according to the specific field conditions. Hydraulic conductivities for different layers of rock and soils have been calculated and their recommended values have been presented. And then in-situ dispersion tests have been performed at an area adjacent to the disposal site with non-sorbed tracers. A numerical model has been developed for the site based on data obtained during the site investigation, and has been calibrated with available measured groundwater level and measured tracer concentrations in the dispersion tests. Calibrated results indicate that the longitudinal dispersion coefficient is equal to 5.0×10-3 m2/d. Preliminary predictions have been performed for the groundwater flow and solute advection-dispersion behavior according to the design of the site, in which the center valley will be backfilled with low permeable materials. Predicted results indicate that the groundwater exhibits a lower water table and a smaller hydraulic gradient under designed site condition than under natural condition. All the tracers remain underground in the site and transport slowly mainly through advection and dispersion. Finally, conclusions for the study have been presented and the key tasks for future work have been discussed. This study provides an insight understanding of the hydrogeology characteristics of the disposal site and is useful for the assessment of environment impacts of the site under disposal of LILW.
Effect of Supplemental Fructus Ligustri Lucidi Extract on Methane Production and Rumen Fermentation in Sheep
Authors: Qiao Guo Hua , Li Jin Hua , Li Yang
Published: October 2011

The effect of addition of Fructus Ligustri Lucidi Extract (FLLE) on methane production and rumen fermentation in sheep was investigated in this study. FLLE addition levels were 0, 1, 2, 3 and 4 g/L of ruminal fluid. Ruminal fluid was removed from four sheep, mixed with phosphate buffer (1:2) and incubated (30 ml) anaerobically at 38°C for 24-h with or without FLLE. Results indicated that addition of FLLE linearly decreased methane production (p<0.05), linearly decreased ammonia concentration (p<0.05), and acetate to propionate ratio (p<0.05). Data of numbers of methanogens, fungi, ciliate and cellulolytic indicated that they were linearly decreased by addition of FLLE (p<0.05). Addition of FLLE at all dosages have no effect on rumen pH value, acetate molar concentration and butyrate molar concentration (p>0.05). Addition of FLLE linearly decreased count of F. succinogenes (p<0.05). In conclusion, these results of 24-h in vitro batch culture indicated that FLLE has the ability to inhibit methane production in the rumen, stimulate rumen fermentation and suppress fiber degrading bacteria, F. succinogenes. Abbreviations: FLLE=Fructus Ligustri Lucidi extract; IVDDM=in vitro digestibility of dry matter.
The Technological Research and Application of the Adsorption and Purification of Heavy Metal Chromium in Mining Waste Water Using Microbial Immobilization Technology
Authors: Yao Dong Rui , Chen Wen Bin
Published: October 2011

The Leptospirillum ferrooxidans which had been selected and cultivated from mine area was applied in treatment of Cr(VI) -containing waste water in the laboratory and real Cr(VI) -containing waste water. The principle of its adsorption process was probed. The results show that the main factors which affect the lead uptake are pH value、ways of pretreatment、contacting time、co-existing ions、Leptospirillum ferrooxidans concentration insolutions,etc.It was able to adsorb Cr(VI) efficiently.After adsorption steps of the treatment, the concentration of heavy metal Cr(VI) in solution met the standard for treating waste water. After adsorption treatment of containing chromium mine wastewater, the concentration of chromium ions reaches the first class of irrigation water quality standards.
Tolenrance to Compound Lead-Zinc Stress of the Symbiosis of the Legume-Rhizobia in Huize Lead-Zinc Mining Tailings
Authors: Miao Fu Jun , Xiong Zhi , Li Shao Cai , Li Biao , Sun Hao
Published: October 2011

In order to use remediation of contaminated soil and revegetation in Huize lead-zinc mining tailings,it was significant to study of the lead-zinc tolenrance of the symbiosis of the legume-rhizobia in Huize lead-zinc mining tailings.In this paper,the tolenrance to compound lead-zinc stress of the symbiosis of the legume-rhizobia was studied. The results showed that the legume seeds grew natually in Huize lead-zinc mining tailings had the good resistence to compound lead-zinc.The host plants inoculated the two high tolenrance to lead-zinc strains HS3 and HZ8 showed that the capability of host plants to resist compound lead-zinc stress was stronger than those were not inoculated and are sensitive to metal resistence rhizobia.The HS3 and HZ8 could decrease the concentrations of lead-zinc of the surrounding surface of nodule and could be beneficial to the metal lead-zinc tolerance of the symbiosis of legume-rhizobia by the combination of the lead-zinc and the polysaccharides and many other secrations of the nodule surface.The comprehensive reaction mechanism of heavy metal tolenrance to lead-zinc of the symbiosis of legume-rhizobia HS3 and HZ8 is worth studying.
Mechanisms for Tetracycline Adsorption on Graphite
Authors: Chen Jian , Wang Jing Ping , Fei Zheng Hao , Zhang Gen Cheng
Published: October 2011

The tetracycline (TC) adsorption on the graphite was investigated by method of static experiments. Related properties of the adsorbate and adsorbent were studied to support the adsorption mechanisms exploration. The results indicate the close relationship existing among the adsorption capacity variation, TC Kow and TC species (+,-,0) distribution on pH. And the hydrophobic force drives TC adsorption on the graphite.
Numerical Simulation of Gas Purification by Filtration with Ceramic Filter
Authors: Li Hai Xia , Tie Zhan Xu
Published: October 2011

The numerical simulation method is used to analyze the process of gas purification with ceramic filters. The gas /solid two-phase flow field in the ceramic filter vessel was simulated using the Eulerian two-fluid model provided by FLUENT code. The variations of the pressure distribution in the filter cavity were analyzed. The distribution of the dust cake density along the under cleaning filter length was studied.
The Application of Contact Oxidation in Papermaking Wastewater Treatment
Authors: Zhang Kun , Ren Rui Chen , Deng Miao Miao
Published: October 2011

Contact oxidation is used to deal with the paper effluent from an enterprise of Tieling in this paper. The practical operation indicates that this technology overcomes the shortcomings of the traditional activated sludge process and has the characteristics of high anti-impact ability, high load, ran stably, the water quality of effluent is high and so on. At the same time, its one-time investment and occupation area are small, and its operation management is convenient. The wastewater quality of Contact oxidation can achieve that: CODcr≤80mg/L; SS≤20mg/L; BOD5≤30mg/L. Every index of the effluent can accord with the pulp and paper industry standards.
The Speciation Transformation of Cd, Pb in Sludge Biology Leaching
Authors: Huo Jin Zhi , Wang Zeng Zhang , Zhang Chi
Published: October 2011

This paper presents a systematic study of the biometric leaching sequencing batch experiment. The major process parameters include the inoculation amount of bacteria(5%) and substrate concentration(4g/L)(elemental sulfur). The chemical speciation transformation takes place in Biology leaching were measured by sequential extraction techniques. Through which before and after the leaching we can Analyze the filter mechanism and leaching ability. According to Cd, Pb content of each chemical speciation before and after the leaching, the release rules of different chemical speciation for each elements in every sampling period were calculated. This paper also analyzed the leaching ability of different chemical speciation in different leaching condition. The results indicated that,Cd drains out through the indirect mechanism, Pb drainings is mainly completes by direct machine-made and the indirect mechanism combined action.
Impacts of Multi-Scale Landscape Pattern on Stream Water Quality
Authors: Hu He Bing , Liu Hong Yu , Hao Jing Feng , An Jin
Published: October 2011

Water quality–landscape interaction were explored using multiple line regression in watershed, total stream corridor (200-m riparian buffer extending the entire stream length upstream of the site) and the local stream corridor (200-m riparian buffer extending 1000 m upstream of the site).The results showed that the catchment landscape characteristics appeared to have slightly greater influence on water quality than the total stream corridor and local stream corridor. The edge density of construction land and percent cultivated land had the greatest influence on water quality in watershed scale. The edge density of forest land and percent forest had the greatest influence on water quality in total stream corridor scale, but percent forest and PD had the greatest influence on water quality in the local stream corridor scale.
In Furnace Capture of Heavy Metals by Sorbents during Simulated MSW Incineration
Authors: Wang Xin Ye , Huang Ya Ji , Zhong Zhao Ping , Wang Yong Xing , Xu Liang Liang
Published: October 2011

Heavy metal capture experiments were carried out in a tube furnace to investigate the effect of different sorbents and Si-Al ratios on the capture of Zn, Cu, Pb, Cd and Cr during simulated MSW incineration. The incineration bottom ash was digested by aqua regia and HCl/HNO3/HF, then determined by ICP-AES. Experimental results indicate that HCl/HNO3/HF is more suitable for the digestion of incineration bottom ash than aqua regia; the volatilization capacities of the five metals during simulated MSW incineration at 1000°C follow the sequence of Pb > Cd > Cu > Cr > Zn; zeolite and limestone have a certain efficiency to capture Zn and Cr while kaolinite has no efficiency to capture all the five metals; the addition of kaolinite and zeolite can prevent the glass and brick powder from melting which can cause the package of heavy metals, but the addition of zeolite can promote Zn and Cr to form silicate, aluminate and aluminosilicate; the mixture of SiO2 and Al2O3 is in favor of the adsorption of Cd and Cr, but against the adsorption of Pb and Cu compared with single SiO2 or Al2O3.
Non-Linear Description for the Calcined Product of Ca-Based Absorbent
Authors: Wei Ri Guang , Mei Jian , Chen Hong Wei , Gao Jian Qiang , Wang Chun Bo
Published: October 2011

This paper was based on pore volume distribution function which can be measured by experimental apparatus, proposed two methods of establishing microstructure distribution model for the calcined product of Ca-based absorbent, got the distribution models of pore volume, specific surface and pore length for the absorbent, and carried out comparison studies for the pore size distribution characteristics which was got both by model simulation and experiment, then compared the two models to observe the applicability of them. The result has showed that these two models both can describe the pore size and its distribution of Ca-based absorbent completely, the equivalent aperture of the logarithmic model was as same as definition, it was more appropriate when the pore radius is relatively small, and when the pore radius was relatively large, exponential model was better.
Numerical Calculation & Experiment of Effects of Additive on NO Discharge in Fluidized Bed Boiler
Authors: Wang Shu Qin , Jiao Kun Ling
Published: October 2011

The effects of the coal char on reducing NO emission with and without additive were studied at high temperature in order to decrease the fuel-N discharge in the circulating fluidized bed boiler. According to the experimental results, combining the calculating models and boundary conditions, the NO content distribution with and without additive were separately calculated through the FLUENT6.3 in a 460t/h CFB.The results indicated that the coal char specific surface area and reaction rate constant were increased with the addition of additive; the calculating models was suited; The NO weight percent was decreased with the addition of TiO2 additive in the CFB. The experiments and simulation results suggested a reference basis is provided for improving the removal effect of the feul-N in circulating fluidized bed boiler.
Comparison of A2/O and Membrane Bioreactor Processes for Municipal Wastewater Treatment: Nutrient Removal Performance and Sludge Characteristics
Authors: Wang Rong Chang , Si Shu Peng , Yang Dian Hai , Zhao Jian Fu
Published: October 2011

The performance of nitrogen and phosphorus removal was investigated in pilot-scale A2/O, A2/O-MBR and mA2/O-MBR processes for treating municipal wastewater. The results show that these processes had a similar COD and ammonia removal efficiency, but A2/O process had better denitrification efficiency than MBR processes. In order to explain the difference of nitrogen and phosphorus removal performance in the investigated processes, specific oxygen uptake rate (SOUR), specific denitrification rate (SDNR), anaerobic release rate and anoxic and aerobic uptake rate of the activated sludge taken from A2/O and mA2/O-MBR processes were compared. The results show that the activated sludge of mA2/O-MBR process had a higher nitrifying activity in aerobic tank than A2/O process, the denitrifying activity in anoxic tanks were roughly equal and A2/O process had a higher denitrifying phosphorus removal activity in anoxic tank than mA2/O-MBR process.
Experimental Study of the Effect of Fly Ash Particle Size on its Mercury Adsorption Capability in the Flue Gas
Authors: Wu Jiang , Wang Peng , He Lu Lu , Pan Wei Guo , Ren Jian Xing , He Ping , Wu Qiang , Zhang Jin Hong
Published: October 2011

In this paper, fly ash samples were collected from a coal-fired power in Shanghai. A series of experiments, including unburned carbon testing, mercury content measurement, SEM analysis, specific surface area, average pore size and pore volume test, were conducted, and the adsorption ability of the fly ash on the flue gas mercury was also experimentally studied. It has shown that fly ash with particle size bigger than 100µm is with the highest adsorption efficiency, 67.83%, and that fly ash with particle size smaller than 25µm is with the smallest adsorption efficiency, 13.67%. The relative mechanism was analyzed.
Optimization of Enhanced Flocculation for Treating Sediment Dredging Wastewater: Pollutant Removal Performance and Zeta Potential Analysis
Authors: Tang Yun Fei , Wang Rong Chang , Ma Li Min , Zhao Jian Fu
Published: October 2011

Ferric chloride (FeCl3) and polyacrylamide (PAM) are used as flocculant and coagulant aid for treating the dredging wastewater from Chongqing Liangtan river. The effects of dosages of flocculant and coagulant aid on removal rate of turbidity, suspended solid (SS) and COD were investigated. The effects of Zeta potential and particle size distribution on treating performance were also discussed. It was found that the optimal flocculation performance was achieved when the absolute Zeta potential approached zero. Lower dosages of flocculant and coagulant aid were needed when the average particle size of SS in dredging water was smaller.
Study on the Solute Transport Modeling of Opencast Mine Groundwater
Authors: Ma Cong An , Li Ke Min , Zhao Shou Peng
Published: October 2011

The Visual MODFLOW has been used in this paper for modeling an opencast mine groundwater. Its sub model MODPATH and MT3D have been used for particle tracking and plume simulation .The simulation results are very useful to identify the contaminated sources of the opencast mine and contaminated solutes transport paths .These results provide the decision support not only for predicting the underground water level and quality variation ,but also for selecting monitoring system and protecting measures.
Green Theory Research on Indoor Air Pollution by Overall Process Controlling
Authors: Liu Jun , Zhuo Yu Guo
Published: October 2011

New green theory is put forward that indoor air pollution is controlled by overall process based on the residential interior decoration and air pollution status in China, as indoor air quality becomes important more and more. According to the concept of healthy house to control indoor air pollution through four steps that are green interior design, selecting environmental materials, green decoration and green ornament safe, healthy and environmental green home could be realized.
Behavior and Distribution of Nonylphenol Ethoxylates and their Metabolites in Sediments of Nansi Lake, China
Authors: He Fang , Obara Aya , Wang Shi Long , Wang Li Guo
Published: October 2011

The vertical and horizontal distribution of NPEOn and their metabolites of NP and NPEnC in the Upper Nansi Lake, North China were investigated using LC-MS and LC-MS/MS methods, sampling at three sites (St.1, St.2 and St.3) along the water flow direction. The total content of NPEOn (n=1–15) bound onto the sediment of this lake changed in the range of 60.7–631.5 μg/kg-dry with the horizontal flow direction and the vertical direction of the sediment cores with sediment thickness up to 35 cm. Compared to the presence levels of all detected NPEOn species, the content of NP was much higher, falling in 26.5–1,998.4 μg/kg-dry. A general increasing trend of the NP content along the water flow direction of this lake was revealed. NPEnC showed a roughly increasing trend from the upstream to the downstream, with the total concentrations being obviously lower than NPEOn and NP and falling in 2.13–23.1 μg/kg-dry. The short chain NPEOn dominant in NPEO mixtures in these sedimentary cores indicated that this lake received some effluents from STPs, and the sewage treatment ratio is relatively low in this area. Furthermore, the computed magnitudes of NPEO 1-2/NPEO1-15, NP/NPEO 1-15 and NPEC 1-10/NPEO 1-15 suggested that the non-oxidative hydrolytic transformation seemed to be a major process occurring within the sediment phase of Nansi Lake, while the oxidative hydrolytic transformation pathway was probably less involved.
Sol-Gel TiO2 Thin Films Sensitized with the Natural Botanical Dyes
Authors: Lin Ching Hsing , Lee Yao Chuan , Chien Yi Hao , Tseng Wei Ming
Published: October 2011

Given the low cost of their components and their demonstrated reliable efficiencies, dye-sensitized techniques based on the titanium dioxide (TiO2) thin films have received much research attention in the past decade. The dSubscript textye/TiO2 thin films were prepared on glass fibers substrate by a dip-coating method combined with a sol-gel process and the photocatalytic of acetone was investigated in this study. The natural botanical dye of Gardenia jasminoides with absorption reflection intensity in 410-460 nm of liquid extraction was used to improve the photo absorbability under illumination of visible light source. Degradation of acetone under 420 nm light illumination was conducted to evaluate the photocatalytic ability of the dye/TiO2 thin films. The SEM images evidence that fibers existed in the dye/nano-TiO2 composites. The dye/TiO2 thin films catalyst prepared in the laboratory shoSubscript textwed photocatalytic performance with the degradation efficiency of 55% under 420 nm. A few percentages increase in removal efficiency when compared with the dye less TiO2 thin films.
Features and Performance of Biological and Ecological Treatment Combination Process for Rural Sanitary Sewage
Authors: Zhang Yue Feng , Zhu Guang Can , Lu Xi Wu
Published: October 2011

Rural sanitary pollution has become the major source of nitrogen and phosphorus pollutants flowing into China's Taihu Lake region. The treatment process of rural sanitary sewage should be consistent with the economic and social development in rural areas as well as the natural and geographical conditions. Biological and ecological treatment combination processes should include biological treatment unit and ecological processing unit. The biological treatment unit can achieve the degradation of organic matter and the inorganic treatment of nitrogen and phosphorus, while and ecological processing unit functions as the advanced treatment and resource utilization of nitrogen and phosphorus. Demonstration projects demonstrate that the combination processes can effectively remove organic matter, nitrogen and phosphorus, performing with low processing costs, simple operation and maintenance and suitable for application and popularization in rural areas.
CO2 Emission Assessment: A Perspective on Low-Carbon Manufacturing
Authors: Meier Horst , Shi Xiang Qian
Published: October 2011

Climate change and global warming issues have thrown new challenges for the economic development. Carbon dioxide emissions (CO2) are on the global agenda with regard to the climate change. This trend has led to renewed strategies in many sectors. The paper shifts the perspective of life-cycle assessment (LCA) in terms of the CO2emission from the conventional entire product life cycle emphasis to the manufacturing processes. Based on hybrid analysis an approach to the emission calculation in manufacturing phase is developed. This approach helps the industry companies identify the emission reduction potentials in manufacturing, by focusing on the resource and energy flows and the emission intensities in manufacturing processes, therefore contributes to the LCA.
Application of Scenario Analysis Management and Forecast of China's Soda Production Process, as Well as CO2 Emissions from Energy Demand
Authors: Guo Jun Jing , Chen Wen Bin
Published: October 2011

This paper forecast alkali capacity demand for energy and CO2let in China through scene analysis by NICE model .As the major downstream industries of alkali production industry are building materials and paper, pharmaceutical, chemical industry, and a large part of these are glass, paper and chemical industry. So we choose glass, paper, soap, cloth as the base demand of the main relevant factors, using SPSS15.0: the future demand for caustic soda is strong linear relationship of glass and paper; the demand for soda ash is strong linear relationship of glass and soap.The results show that alkali capacity of China will reduce, the demand for energy and CO2let will be also reduced in 2010.
Analysis in the Concentration, Determination and Comparison of some Mineral Elements in the Natural Salt-Licks Utilized by Elephants: Mt. Elgon National Park Case Study
Authors: Sitienei Anne J. , Ge Ji Wen , Ngene Shadrack M. , De La Paix Mupenzi Jean , Waweru Fred. K.
Published: October 2011

The aim of the study undertaken at Mt. Elgon National Park was to determine the chemical composition and variation of some mineral elements in saltlicks utilized by elephants in Mt. Elgon National Park. Laboratory analysis was done for individual identification and determination of the concentration for sodium potassium, calcium, magnesium and phosphorus. Rock samples were processed using Double Acid Technique. The elephants of Mt. Elgon have been engaging in earth eating behaviour. regular visits to saltlicks located in caves is as a result of some of the mineral elements such as sodium potassium and calcium. The park management could overcome the problem of elephants entering the saltlicks by having sodium and potassium mineral supplement policy for the park.
Construction of the Starter to Produce Lignocellulases via Solid State Fermentation of Metropolis Lignocellulosic Waste Defoliation
Authors: Yang Lu , Du Shan Shan , Lu Jian Zhang , Li Qing Qing , Xu Juan , Zhou Chen Wei , Ruan Hui , He Guo Qing
Published: October 2011

The study demonstrates the starter construction and its solid state fermentation (SSF) using metropolis lignocellulosic waste defoliation supplemented with wheat bran as substrates for lignocellulases production. The starter is constructed by natural microflora growing on defoliation additionally reinforced with Aspergillus niger ZJU-RYD1, using the SSF substrate defoliation with 90% moisture content, successfully produced the integrate and high active lignocellulases at about 120 h, i.e. CMCase 8.58 U/g, cellobiase 10.97 U/g, FPAase 2.21 U/g, xylanase 446.25 U/g, lassase 9.21U/g. In this study, the strategy is satisfactorily developed to construct the starter for high effective and low-cost production of lignocellulases using metropolis lignocellulosic waste defoliation as substrate, based on natural microflora and additional reinforcing with special strain
Problems and Countermeasures of Rural Medical Waste Management and Disposal in China
Authors: Bao Zhen Bo , Jin Deng Chao , Teng Hong Jun
Published: October 2011

Medical waste is characteristic with high pollution and high risk. On the basis of analyzing typical transport process and disposal process of rural medical waste, the problems of rural medical waste management and disposal are pointed out. Countermeasures to strengthen rural medical waste management and disposal are proposed.
Study on the Aerobic Degradation Kinetics of 2,4-DNP and 2,6-DNP
Authors: She Zong Lian , Xie Tian , Li Lei Lei , Zhu Ying Jie , Tang Gai Feng , Zhao Yang Guo
Published: October 2011

The degradation kinetics of 2,4-dinitrophenol (2,4-DNP) and 2,6-dinitrophenol (2,6-DNP) were investigated in this paper. The degradation kinetics experiments were conducted in sequencing batch reactor (SBR) and the degradation model was analyzed by nonlinear regression to estimate parameters including the degradation rate Kmax, half saturation constant KS and the inhibition constant KI in the Andrews inhibition equation. The degradation inhibition in the condition of 2,4-DNP as solo substrate is more serious than that of the situation with glucose as co-substrate and Kmax decreases with the increase of inflow 2,4-DNP concentration. As for 2,6-DNP, Kmax gets maximum value is 0.019 mg/(mgSS×d) at the inflow concentration is 20mg/L. KS increases with the increasing of inflow 2,6-DNP concentration but there is no regularity for KI.
The Technical Study on the Preparation of Lightweight Ceramsite Made from Sewage Sludge and Fly Ash
Authors: Shao Qun , Xu Hui , Tong Min Man , Li Sen
Published: October 2011

In this paper, the Huainan No.1 Sewage treatment plant's dehydrated sewage sludge and the power plant fly ash have been taken as the main raw materials and clay as the cementing agent to prepare lightweight ceramsite. Using the single-factor experiment to screen roasting craft, the optimal conditions are obtained as follows: the clay content is approximately 15%, sludge content 35-40%, preheating temperature 350-400°C.The preheating time is 15-20mins, roasting temperature 1150-1200°C, roasting time 15-20mins. The product’s loose density is 710-750kg/m3, particle density 1305-1380kg/m3, compressive strength 13.2-15.2MPa, bibulous rate 12.4-18.1%, particle shape factor 1.3-1.4, specific surface area 5.68-6.01m2/g. The performance index can meet the national standard requirements for fly ash ceramsite in the light collection aggregate. This lightweight ceramsite may serve as the water treatment material, the building material and the thermal insulation material and so on. This research had not only solved the problems of contamination caused by sludge and solid wastes like fly ash, but also brought certain economic and environmental benefits.