bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Poètes latins auteurs et/ou destinataires d’épigrammes funéraires
Authors: Wolff Étienne
Published: October 2016

On étudie dans un premier temps les épigrammes funéraires de poètes dans la littérature. Ce sont d’une part des épitaphes rédigées par les poètes élégiaques pour eux-mêmes et intégrées dans leur œuvre ; d’autre part des épitaphes de poètes connus, généralement inauthentiques et dues à des anonymes. On aborde ensuite les épitaphes versifiées de poètes gravées sur pierre. Il en existe une dizaine, toutes dans le recueil des CLE. Elles ont rarement été composées par le défunt lui-même. Enfin on se penche sur les auteurs des carmina epigraphica. Ce sont majoritairement des anonymes. Des épitaphes trouvées sur pierre aux épitaphes purement littéraires des élégiaques, il y a de nombreux intermédiaires, mais il est net qu’il y a eu interaction entre ces diverses catégories. Cependant, elles offrent dans l’ensemble une telle variété qu’on peine à dégager des traits communs.
Servants of the goddess: Female religious agency in archaic and fifth-century Greek epigrams and dedications
Authors: Day Joseph W.
Published: October 2016

The roots of classical Greek public honorary display, often apparently secular in tone, can be found in much older forms of dedicatory display with their more explicit religious emphasis. As an example, I consider women and girls in archaic and fifth-century dedicatory epigrams and monuments: whether as dedicators or as dedicators’ family members mentioned epigraphically and/or depicted iconographically, these females are often presented and praised as religious functionaries. Female dedicators stretch from Nikandra (CEG 403, Delos, ca. 650; image and text may allude to her holding a priestly office laid down when she married) to the priestess Lusistratê (CEG 317, Athens, ca. 450; apparently honorary crowns for her service to the goddesses). Sixth-century sculpted korai from the Athenian Acropolis may belong to a comparable votive tradition, if they refer to the male dedicators’ daughters’ religious service to the polis in the Panathenaia. The korai are not named in epigrams, but they are often agalmata, a word associated with the performance of public religious rites in poetry, and Athena is named with epithets evoking her as goddess of the Panathenaia.
Pour une théorie de la production littéraire
Authors: Macherey Pierre
Published: October 2016

« Quelles sont les conditions qui font que certains discours fonctionnent comme discours littéraires ? ». Telle était la question, destinée à remplacer le sempiternel « Qu’est-ce que la littérature ? », qui était annoncée dans l'édition originale de Pour une théorie de la production littéraire (Maspero, 1966).  Pour poser adéquatement cette question fondamentale et y répondre, Pierre Macherey, alors élève de Louis Althusser, réfléchissait en philosophe à la littérature et proposait l’une des réflexions les plus originales des années 1960 sur les rapports entre le littéraire et le social. Pour une théorie de la production littéraire, qui a pourtant marqué toute une génération de théoriciens dans le monde anglo-saxon, n’avait jamais été réédité en français. Cette lacune est désormais comblée grâce à une édition revue et enrichie d'une préface de Terry Eagleton et d'une postface inédite de Pierre Macherey.
Fouilles et projets de recherche à Sinope
Authors: Kassab Tezgör Dominique
Published: October 2016

Les fouilles de l’atelier amphorique de Demirci, à 15 kilomètres au sud de Sinope, ont permis de connaître la morphologie des fours romains de cette région et d’établir la typologie des amphores sinopéennes produites entre le 2e ou 3e s. et le 6e ou 7e s. pC Le suivi des exportations de ces amphores dans d’autres sites de mer Noire, en Méditerranée et même en Italie, a mis en valeur l’important réseau commercial de Sinope. D’autres recherches et projets se sont greffées à ces travaux en collaboration avec le Ministère de la Culture et du Tourisme, un four à l’identique de ceux fouillés à Demirci a été reconstruit par les étudiants de l’Université de Bilkent. Il est exposé dans la salle consacrée aux fouilles d’ateliers de la mission franco-turque. En 2009, un Symposium international a réuni à Sinope même les récents travaux dédiés à cette ville, tandis qu’une série de Tables Rondes internationales PATABS (Production and Trade of the Black Sea Amphorae) a été initiée à Trabzon et Batoumi en 2006. Enfin, s’est greffé un nouveau projet en cours d’élaboration : la constitution d’un Corpus des amphores produites en mer Noire à l’époque romaine et conservées dans les musées de la côte nord de la Turquie.
Le temple de l’oracle d’Apollon à Claros
Authors: Moretti Jean-Charles
Published: October 2016

Le temple d’Apollon mis en chantier dans le sanctuaire de Claros à la fin du 4e siècle aC était un temple dorique périptère à cinq degrés de crépis destinés à porter six colonnes sur les petits côtés et onze sur les longs. Son sékos comportait un vestibule et une cour hypèthre, où se trouvait un puits, dont l’eau était la source d’inspiration de l’oracle. Des travaux en cours au 2e siècle aC conduisirent à l’installation d’une crypte à deux salles à l’emplacement de la cour. Un couloir construit sous le pronaos y conduisait. Au-dessus de la crypte fut aménagé un naos au fond duquel fut érigé un groupe statuaire représentant la triade apollinienne. Mise en chantier à la fin de l’époque hellénistique, la colonnade de la peristasis, ne fut jamais achevée. Hadrien finança l’entablement des six colonnes de la façade et de cinq autres sur chacun des longs côtés.
Aššurnaṣirpal II, l’Éden et les jardins de l’Hevsel
Authors: Pérez Antoine
Published: October 2016

The biblical myth of the Garden of Eden (Genesis, II) is related to the patriarchal Armenian tradition of Upper Mesopotamia. A connection has often been made between the Trans-Euphrates origin of Abraham’s descendants and the constitution, between the 12th and 11th centuries BC, of the Principalities of Aram Naharaïm one of which, Bit Adini, precisely fits the description of Eden. In this article, we seek to demonstrate the existence, in Diyarbakır, of the Gardens of Hevsel. This remarkable secondary biotope set in the Upper Tigris Valley could, as from the Middle Assyrian Period, have played a role in the mythical formalisation of paradise. Indeed, everything would suggest that, within the exceptional setting of a climate crisis marked by a period of aridification, in an era when the Armenian states of Upper Mesopotamia were becoming established, places such as the gardens of Hevsel, in Amedi, became of crucial symbolic and economic importance. During this period, according to the testimony borne by the Royal Annals, water shortages caused famine to sweep through the lowlands of Assyria. This exceptional enhancement must therefore have been truly striking and remained imprinted in memories well after the end of the crisis, up to the 6th and 5th centuries BC at which time, according to a general consensus among specialists, the scribes began writing that which was to form the biblical tradition, within the new context of the Achaemenid Empire and of its “paradises”.
Les jardins de l’Hevsel : éléments de structuration du paysage
Authors: Assénat Martine
Published: October 2016

The Hevsel gardens are set between the Tigris and Amida and, thanks to their topographic location, represent a major historical reserve. We interrogate herein a number of the potential results stemming from its scientific exploration. For this purpose, we have gathered together and compared observations relative to the site’s geomorphology, textual sources and investigations from different historical sources. We focus mainly on the movements between city and gardens, which we consider to be essential, and in particular the waterways and the routes taken by people and by the raw materials used to build the city. These movements left a strong imprint on the structure of the landscape. They afford a privileged vantage point from which to observe the relationships between the city and the gardens.
10. Yüzyılda kral Kiliseleri: Ahtamar, İşhan, Tokalı
Authors: Thierry Nicole
Published: October 2016

Le Xe siècle correspond à l’apogée politique du monde féodal d’Anatolie. Les deux empires, byzantin et abbasside étaient en guerre depuis près de deux siècles, mais la guerre n’avait pas exclu des échanges diplomatiques et commerciaux. Entre Byzance et Bagdad, des états tampons s’étaient constitués, émirats détachés du califat, les royaumes géorgiens et arméniens.Trois monuments témoignent encore de la richesse des princes chrétiens d’Anatolie orientale au Xe siècle : les églises d’Ağtamar, d’Işhan, et la grande église de Tokalı à Göreme.Ces monuments, œuvres de civilisations régionales, ont en commun le goût du luxe qui servait au prestige des commanditaires. On faisait appel aux meilleurs artistes et l’on utilisait les matériaux les plus précieux : l’or à la feuille et le lapis-lazuli, pierre semi-précieuse connue et recherchée depuis l’Antiquité, qui arrivait à grand prix des montagnes d’Afghanistan,L’église d’Ağtamar est tout ce qui reste du complexe palatin construit entre 915 et 924 par le roi Gagik du Vaspurakan sur un îlot du lac de Van. Vassal à la fois de l’empereur et du Calife, il avait été couronné roi par l’émir d’Azerbeidjan. Son palais était à l’image des châteaux arabes ommeyades et abbassides. L’église fur l’objet de tous ses soins. Les murs étaient couverts de sculptures dans la tradition de l’art pariétal iranien. À l’imagerie profane des scènes champêtres, on avait ajouté des scènes de l’Ancien et du Nouveau Testament. Le roi figurait, offrant au Christ une maquette de l’église. Sur fonds de lapis-lazuli, les peintures illustraient la faute d’Adam et Ève et la vie du Christ. Comme les sculptures, les peintures sont de style abbasside.L’église d’Işhan était la cathédrale principale du royaume géorgien de Taoclardjétie, établie en altitude dans une oasis des montagnes du Tortum. Fondée au milieu du VIe siècle, elle fut plusieurs fois reconstruite et embellie par les souverains du Tao, en particulier par David III qui régna de 961 à 1001. C’est à lui qu’on attribue l’élévation de la coupole d’Işhan. Sur le fond de lapis-lazuli, quatre grands archanges élèvent la croix dans un ciel étoilé.À Göreme, la Nouvelle Église de Tokalı est la fondation des Phocas, la plus puissante famille de la Cappadoce, dont la fortune foncière était accrue par leurs charges à la tête de l’armée et le butin de leurs victoires. Les peintures sont attribuées à Constantin et à son frère Nicéphore avant que celui-ci ne devienne empereur en 963. Le décor est caractérisé par l’originalité et l’ampleur des compositions consacrées à la vie du Christ, et par la qualité des peintures inspirées de l’art hellénistique. Le lapis-lazuli, qui couvre une surface de 300m2, et les nimbes d’or du Christ et de la Vierge, donnent idée de la fortune dépensée. Ce décor est un chef d’œuvre incomparable du grand art byzantin du Xe siècle.
Sulusaray / Sebastopolis’te Ziyaretçiler için bir Gezi Güzergahı oluşturulmasında ilk Adımlar
Authors: Kohl Markus
Published: October 2016

Dans la vallée de la rivière Çekerek, l’antique Skylax, au croisement d’anciennes et importantes routes d’ouest en est et du nord au sud s’élève un höyük aujourd’hui occupé par Sulusaray. Investigations historiques et fouilles archéologiques ont montré que le lieu était occupé au moins depuis les temps hittites et correspond à l’antique Sebastopolis/Heracleopolis. Une occupation probablement permanente peut être déduite des sources textuelles et des vestiges archéologiques.Le patrimoine culturel du site et de ses environs, autant du point de vue géologique et biologique, que du point de vue archéologique et architectural ainsi que urbanistique nous a inspiré le développement de quelques propositions d’aménagement touristique. Nous avons commencé la conception de tours de visites de différents types, selon la disponibilité et les intérêts des voyageurs, et une série de panneaux signalétiques et explicatifs en adéquation. Le but étant de produire un logo identitaire du lieu, une mise en page alléchante avec des couleurs en harmonie avec la nature du site, des textes concis et aisément assimilables, des illustrations complémentaires et surtout une frise avec une échelle chronologique sur chaque panneau afin de pouvoir cerner chaque élément dans son contexte historique.
Étude sédimentologique des dépôts de tsunami du 26 décembre 2004 à Lhok Nga, ouest de Banda Aceh
Authors: Paris Raphaël , Wassmer Patrick , Sartohadi Junun , Lavigne Franck
Published: October 2016

With wave heights of 30 m and runups reaching 50 m a.s.l. and 6 km inland, the December 26, 2004 tsunami in Sumatra was one of the largest tsunamis in recorded human history. In this paper, we present a description of the event in the Lhok Nga Bay (west coast of Banda Aceh) and an interpretation of the tsunami sand deposits, mostly based upon grain-size analysis. The 3.5 km long transect of Lampuuk displays two landward-fining, thinning and sorting sequences. The thickest cross-sections of the first sequence of deposits (0-1.5 km inland) suggest a deposition by three consecutive uprush (inflows) and a final backwash (return flow or outflow). From 1.5 to 3.5 km inland, the record is dominated by the second and highest wave (15-30 m). Normally graded couplets or triplets of layers were used to identify the run up of each wave. The topmost layers, interpreted as the backwash deposition, describe a seaward sequence of increasing mean grain size and decreasing degree of sorting. The local effects of the topography could be identified: thickest deposits in the topographic lows (50-80 cm), great spatial variations in thickness and upper laminated texture when the sedimentation was limited by steep slopes, landward coarsening and very poor sorting at the wave breaking point, bimodal grain-size distributions reflecting different sources of sediments. Finally, by coupling the longitudinal and vertical trends of the 26 cross-sections, we propose a model of sediment transport and deposition in a large tsunami wave.
Pouvoir et contestations à Byzance (963-1210)
Authors: Cheynet Jean-Claude
Published: October 2016

L’histoire de Byzance est jalonnée de multiples crises, qui ont renforcé l’image négative de l’Empire chez les historiens occidentaux. Cet ouvrage est consacré aux diverses formes de la compétition politique, rivalités pour le trône ou luttes pour l’autonomie régionale. Il cherche à les rendre intelligibles en analysant les moyens d’action de l’aristocratie, principal agent des troubles : implantations provinciales, réseaux familiaux, solidarités militaires ou liens de service. Le clivage entre civils et militaires – traditionnellement évoqué mais rarement pertinent – est ainsi remis en cause, alors que le poids de grands clans régionaux importe davantage. Il apparaît également que de véritables équipes alternaient au pouvoir, notamment au xie siècle, et que les provinces restaient fidèles tant que la protection impériale compensait, aux yeux des populations, le versement de l’impôt.
Les saints bretons entre légendes et histoire
Authors: Merdrignac Bernard
Published: October 2016

Quel rapport y a-t-il entre le légendaire des saints bretons qui donne son titre à l’ouvrage et l’enluminure empruntée au Beatus (1086) conservé à la cathédrale de Burgo de Osma (Soria) qui en illustre la couverture ? Aucun, à première vue. Toutefois, ce rapprochement n’est pas aussi artificiel qu’on pourrait le penser. On insiste souvent sur les particularismes des Vies de saints bretons. Elles appartiennent pourtant à un genre littéraire qui fleurit alors dans toute la chrétienté médiévale. Ces textes entendent actualiser l’Écriture sainte au même titre que le programme iconographique de l’abbé Beatus de Liébana (fin du viiie siècle) vient illustrer l’Apocalypse.
L’« épée effilée » placée par saint Jean dans la bouche du « Verbe de Dieu » doit « frapper les nations » avant le premier combat contre la Bête qui inaugurera le règne de mille années auquel auront part les saints (Ap., 19, 15). Cet arrière-plan millénariste que fait ressortir l’enluminure espagnole se décèle aussi derrière la présentation par les hagiographes de l’« Âge des saints » comme le fondement d’une chrétienté bretonne « incréée » (J.-C. Cassard). D’après saint Paul, ce « glaive à deux tranchants » est la parole de Dieu qui « pénètre jusqu’au point de division de l’âme et de l’esprit, des articulations et des moelles » (He., 4, 12). En dépassant l’opposition obsolète entre culture « folklorique » et culture « savante », les études de cas (inédites ou actualisées) présentées par Bernard Merdrignac révèlent la complexité des interactions à l’œuvre dans une littérature relevant d’un « outillage culturel à double tranchant » (J. Le Goff) et donc susceptible de plusieurs niveaux de lecture. Les relations entre l’homme et l’animal (le loup, en particulier), les positions des lettrés à l’égard des géants originels, la place des rapports de « genre » dans cette littérature cléricale, les interférences entre représentations socio-économiques et conceptions idéologiques sont autant de thèmes qui font ressortir l’apport des sources hagiographiques bretonnes à l’histoire religieuse et culturelle du Moyen Âge.
Knowledge Transfer Issues in Teaching
Authors: Baporikar Neeta
Published: October 2016

Professional schools typically build their raison d'être on the mission of developing knowledge that can be translated into skills that advance the practice of the professions. On the other hand practitioners fail to adopt the findings of research in fields be it medicine, management or engineering. Further, knowledge created is not always in the usage mode, that too in real life practical situation. Action scientists focused on the characteristics and behaviors of researchers to explain this lack of implementation of research knowledge. Identifying the major gaps between scientific knowledge and actual knowledge transfer issues is crucial in today's scenario. Hence, the purpose of this chapter is to identify knowledge transfer issues, discuss the issues and advancements therein, and highlight practical implications of relating theory to practice with focus on management discipline. The issues discussed herein are not only of utmost importance but crucial for understanding, given the current state of management education, organizational science and knowledge management practices.
Experience as a Catalyst to Student Classroom Learning in Management Education
Authors: Plakhotnik Maria Sergeevna
Published: October 2016

The chapter describes how instructors can capitalize on student prior experiences and create opportunities for new experiences in the classroom to foster student learning in management education programs. The chapter provides an overview of research around experiential learning (Kolb, 1984; Kolb & Kolb, 2005), learning from experience or on-the-job learning by managers, and teaching techniques that have been shown to foster student learning in management undergraduate and graduate programs. The chapter focuses on experiences that could be created in-class or in the context of one course and does not discuss practices related to a program and curriculum design.
Management Education and Leadership Styles
Authors: Kasemsap Kijpokin
Published: October 2016

This chapter explains the prospects of management education toward leadership and leadership styles; the overview of leadership; empowering leadership; leadership and social capital; leadership, employee creativity, and innovation climate; transformational leadership; transactional leadership; ethical leadership; charismatic leadership; servant leadership; autocratic leadership; and shared leadership. Management education, through management education programs taught in schools, is very important to prepare next-generation leaders and improve leadership styles required in the competitive environments. Leadership is a process by which an executive can direct and guide the behavior and work of others toward the accomplishment of specific goals in a given situation. Leadership can be exercised through guidance and counseling of the subordinates at the time of execution of plans. Effective leadership styles gained from management education are critical for both setting strategic vision and implementing strategies to drive organizations in the timely and effective manner.
MotionLab@Home: Complementary Measurement of Gait Characteristics Using Wearable Technology and Markerless Video Tracking - A Study Protocol
Authors: Kluge Felix , Pasluosta Cristian , Gassner Heiko , Klucken Jochen , Eskofier Bjoern M.
Published: October 2016

Background: While treatment monitoring of healthcare interventions is mainly conducted at the hospital, most information on a patient’s health status could be obtained from his everyday life activities. Therefore, there is a great interest in methods for long term (home) monitoring applications. However, there is still a lack of quantitative methods allowing everyday life activities monitoring such as gait analysis at home. While video-based systems have been employed given their high accuracy, they remain expensive and obtrusive with the range of motion of a patient limited to the set up measurement volume. Body worn sensors on the other hand present as an excellent opportunity to remotely and unobtrusively monitor gait characteristics not only at home, but during activities of everyday life. Technical limitations as well as changes in the patient’s gait patterns challenge the extraction of specific gait parameters. Methods: We propose a hybrid system comprising of a markerless video-based motion capturing system and a wearable sensor system with foot worn sensors. A study protocol is presented that will be used to validate the systems against each other. Discussion: This study will evaluate whether a markerless motion capturing system is feasible as a complementary tool for everyday gait analysis. Further, we will validate the accuracy of the sensor system using the video-based system as a gold standard. In the future, the combination might allow a recalibration of algorithmic sensor parameters based on deviations from the reference video-based system, and the combination of both modalities may enhance gait analysis in home monitoring.
Pediatric Visceral Leishmaniasis Caused by Leishmania infantum in Northern Cyprus
Authors: Sayili Ayse , Ozkan Aysegul Taylan , Schallig Henk D. F. H.
Published: October 2016

Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is a vector-borne disease widespread in the Mediterranean basin, including Cyprus. During the last decades no cases were notified from northern Cyprus, but herein three cases of VL (female: 2, male: 1, median age: 24.6 months) diagnosed during their hospital admission between January 2011 and December 2012 are reported. Diagnosis was based on clinical findings; 1 ≥ 1/64 titer positivity of immunofluorescence antibodies, Leishmania amastigotes in Giemsa-stained slides of bone marrow, as well as molecular identification confirmed that in all three the infecting pathogen was Leishmania infantum. Fever, splenomegaly, and hepatomegaly were the typical clinical findings. First-line treatment with liposomal amphotericin B (AmBisome®; intravenous, 3 mg/kg) on days 1–5, followed by the same on days 10 and 21 yielded a successful outcome with no relapse in all cases. These confirmed VL cases found within 2 years demonstrate the presence of VL on the island.
What controls the low ice number concentration in the upper troposphere?
Authors: Zhou Cheng , Penner Joyce E. , Lin Guangxing , Liu Xiaohong , Wang Minghuai
Published: October 2016

Abstract. Cirrus clouds in the tropical tropopause play a key role in regulating the moisture entering the stratosphere through their dehydrating effect. Low ice number concentrations ( <  200 L−1) and high supersaturations (150–160 %) have been observed in these clouds. Different mechanisms have been proposed to explain these low ice number concentrations, including the inhibition of homogeneous freezing by the deposition of water vapour onto pre-existing ice crystals, heterogeneous ice formation on glassy organic aerosol ice nuclei (IN), and limiting the formation of ice number from high-frequency gravity waves. In this study, we examined the effect from three different representations of updraft velocities, the effect from pre-existing ice crystals, the effect from different water vapour deposition coefficients (α  =  0.1 or 1), and the effect of 0.1 % of the total secondary organic aerosol (SOA) particles acting as IN. Model-simulated ice crystal numbers are compared against an aircraft observational dataset.Including the effect from water vapour deposition on pre-existing ice particles can effectively reduce simulated in-cloud ice number concentrations for all model setups. A larger water vapour deposition coefficient (α  =  1) can also efficiently reduce ice number concentrations at temperatures below 205 K, but less so at higher temperatures. SOA acting as IN is most effective at reducing ice number concentrations when the effective updraft velocities are moderate ( ∼  0.05–0.2 m s−1). However, the effects of including SOA as IN and using (α  =  1) are diminished when the effect from pre-existing ice is included.When a grid-resolved large-scale updraft velocity ( <  0.1 m s−1) is used, the ice nucleation parameterization with homogeneous freezing only or with both homogeneous freezing and heterogeneous nucleation is able to generate low ice number concentrations in good agreement with observations for temperatures below 205 K as long as the pre-existing ice effect is included. For the moderate updraft velocity ( ∼  0.05–0.2 m s−1), simulated ice number concentrations in good agreement with observations at temperatures below 205 K can be achieved if effects from pre-existing ice, a larger water vapour deposition coefficient (α  =  1), and SOA IN are all included. Using the sub-grid-scale turbulent kinetic energy (TKE)-based updraft velocity ( ∼  0–2 m s−1) always overestimates the ice number concentrations at temperatures below 205 K but compares well with observations at temperatures above 205 K when the pre-existing ice effect is included.
OMI air-quality monitoring over the Middle East
Authors: Barkley Michael , González Abad Gonzalo , Kurosu Thomas P. , Spurr Robert , Torbatian Sara , Lerot Christophe
Published: October 2016

Abstract. Using Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) trace gas vertical column observations of nitrogen dioxide (NO2), formaldehyde (HCHO), sulphur dioxide (SO2), and glyoxal (CHOCHO), we have conducted a robust and detailed time series analysis to assess changes in local air-quality for over 1000 locations (focussing on urban, oil refineries, oil ports, and power plant targets) over the Middle East for 2005–2014. Apart from NO2, which is highest over urban locations, average tropospheric column levels of these trace gases are highest over oil ports and refineries. The highest average pollution levels over urban settlements are typically in Bahrain, Kuwait, Qatar, and United Arab Emirates. We detect 278 statistically significant and real linear NO2 trends in total. Over urban areas NO2 increased by up to 12 % yr−1, with only two locations showing a decreasing trend. Over oil refineries, oil ports, and power plants, NO2 increased by about 2–9 % yr−1. For HCHO, 70 significant and real trends were detected, with HCHO increasing by 2–7 % yr−1 over urban settlements and power plants, and by about 2–4 % yr−1 over refineries and ports. Very few SO2 trends were detected, which varied in direction and magnitude (23 increasing and 9 decreasing). Apart from two locations where CHOCHO is decreasing, we find glyoxal tropospheric column levels are not changing over the Middle East. Hence for many locations in the Middle East, OMI observes a degradation in air-quality over 2005–2014. This study therefore demonstrates the capability of OMI to generate long-term air-quality monitoring at local scales over this region.
A chironomid-based mean July temperature inference model from the south-east margin of the Tibetan Plateau, China
Authors: Zhang Enlou , Chang Jie , Cao Yanmin , Tang Hongqu , Langdon Pete , Shulmeister James , Wang Rong , Yang Xiangdong , Shen Ji
Published: October 2016

Abstract. Chironomid based calibration training sets comprised of 100 lakes from southwestern China and a subset of 47 lakes from Yunnan Province were established. Multivariate ordination analyses were used to investigate the relationship between the distribution of chironomid species and 15 environmental variables from these lakes. Canonical correspondence analyses (CCAs) and partial CCAs showed that mean July temperature is the sole independent and significant (p < 0.05) variable that explains 16 % of the variance in the chironomid data from the 47 Yunnan lakes. Mean July temperature remains one of the independent and significant variables explaining the second largest amount of variance after potassium ions (K+) in the 100 south-western Chinese lakes. Quantitative transfer functions were created using the chironomid assemblages for both calibration data sets. The first component of the weighted average partial least square (WA-PLS) model based on the 47 lakes training set produced a coefficient of determination (r2jack) of 0.83, maximum bias (jackknifed) of 3.15 and root mean squared error of prediction (RMSEP) of 1.72 °C. The two-component WA-PLS model for the 100 lakes training set produced an r2bootstrap of 0.63, maximum bias (bootstrapped) of 5.16 and RMSEP of 2.31 °C. We applied both transfer functions to a 150-year chironomid record from Tiancai Lake (26°38′3.8 N, 99°43’E, 3898 m a.s.l), Yunnan, China to obtain mean July temperature inferences. The reconstructed results based on both models showed remarkable similarity to each other in terms of pattern. We validated these results by applying several reconstruction diagnostics and comparing them to a 50-year instrumental record from the nearest weather station (26°51'29.22"N, 100°14'2.34"E, 2390 m a.s.l). Both transfer functions perform well in this comparison. We argue that the large training set is also suitable for reconstruction work despite the low explanatory power of MJT because it contains a more complete range of modern temperature and environmental data for the chironomid taxa observed and is therefore more robust.
Impact of different fertilizers on the carbonate weathering in a typical karst area, Southwest China: a field column experiment
Authors: Song Chao , Liu Changli , Han Guilin
Published: October 2016

Abstract. Carbonate weathering, as a significant vector for the movement of carbon both between and within ecosystems, are strongly influenced by anthropogenic perturbations such as agricultural fertilization. Different fertilizer may exert a different impact on carbonate weathering, but their differences are not still well-known so far. In this study, a field column experiment was employed to explore the responses of carbonate weathering to different fertilizer addition. The eleven different treatments with three replicates including control, NH4NO3, NH4HCO3, NaNO3, NH4Cl, (NH4)2CO3, Ca3(PO4)2, (NH4)3PO4, fused calcium-magnesium phosphate fertilizer (Ca-Mg-P), Urea and K2CO3 were established in this column experiment, where limestone and dolostone tablets were buried at the bottom of each to determine the weathering amount and ratio of carbonate in soil. The result showed that the addition of urea, NH4NO3, NH4HCO3, NH4Cl and (NH4)2CO3 distinctly increased carbonate weathering, which was attributed to the nitrification of NH4+, and the addition of Ca3(PO4)2, Ca-Mg-P and K2CO3 induced carbonate precipitation due to common ion effect. Whereas the (NH4)3PO4 and NaNO3 addition did not impact significantly on carbonate weathering. The results of NaNO3 treatment seem to be raising a new question: the little impact of nitrate on carbonate weathering may result in the overestimation of impact of N-fertilizer on CO2 consumption by carbonate weathering at the regional/global scale if the effect of NO3 and NH4 are not distinguished. Moreover, in order to avoid misunderstanding more or less, the statement that nitrogenous fertilizer can aid carbonate weathering should be replaced by ammonium fertilizer.
The 1-way on-line coupled model system MECO(n) – Part 4: Chemical evaluation (based on MESSy v2.52)
Authors: Mertens Mariano , Kerkweg Astrid , Jöckel Patrick , Tost Holger , Hofmann Christiane
Published: October 2016

Abstract. For the first time, a simulation incorporating tropospheric and stratospheric chemistry using the newly developed MECO(n) model system is performed. MECO(n) is short for MESSy-fied ECHAM and COSMO models nested n times. It features an online coupling of the COSMO-CLM model, equipped with the Modular Earth Submodel System (MESSy) interface (called COSMO/MESSy), with the global atmospheric chemistry model ECHAM5/MESSy for Atmospheric Chemistry (EMAC). This online coupling allows a consistent model chain with respect to chemical and meteorological boundary conditions from the global scale down to the regional kilometre scale. A MECO(2) simulation incorporating one regional instance over Europe with 50 km resolution and one instance over Germany with 12 km resolution is conducted for the evaluation of MECO(n) with respect to tropospheric gas-phase chemistry. The main goal of this evaluation is to ensure that the chemistry-related MESSy submodels and the online coupling with respect to the chemistry are correctly implemented. This evaluation is a prerequisite for the further usage of MECO(n) in atmospheric chemistry-related studies. Results of EMAC and the two COSMO/MESSy instances are compared with satellite, ground-based and aircraft in situ observations, focusing on ozone, carbon monoxide and nitrogen dioxide. Further, the methane lifetimes in EMAC and the two COSMO/MESSy instances are analysed in view of the tropospheric oxidation capacity. From this evaluation, we conclude that the chemistry-related submodels and the online coupling with respect to the chemistry are correctly implemented. In comparison with observations, both EMAC and COSMO/MESSy show strengths and weaknesses. Especially in comparison to aircraft in situ observations, COSMO/MESSy shows very promising results. However, the amplitude of the diurnal cycle of ground-level ozone measurements is underestimated. Most of the differences between COSMO/MESSy and EMAC can be attributed to differences in the dynamics of both models, which are subject to further model developments.
The potential of urban rainfall monitoring with crowdsourced
automatic weather stations in Amsterdam
Authors: de Vos Lotte , Leijnse Hidde , Overeem Aart , Uijlenhoet Remko
Published: October 2016

Abstract. The high density of built-up areas and resulting imperviousness of the land surface makes urban areas vulnerable to extreme rainfall, which can lead to considerable damage. In order to design and manage cities to be able to deal with the growing number of extreme rainfall events, rainfall data is required at higher temporal and spatial resolutions than those needed for rural catchments. However, the density of operational rainfall monitoring networks managed by local or national authorities is typically low in urban areas. A growing number of automatic personal weather stations (PWSs) link rainfall measurements to online platforms. Here, we examine the potential of such crowdsourced datasets for obtaining the desired resolution and quality of rainfall measurements for the capital of the Netherlands. Data from 63 stations in Amsterdam (~ 575 km2) that measure rainfall over at least 4 months in a 17-month period are evaluated, in addition to a detailed assessment that is made of three Netatmo stations, the largest contributor of the dataset, in an experimental set-up. Although the sensor performance in the experimental set-up and the density of the PWS-network are promising, the method of data transfer to the online platform causes considerable errors in the datasets obtained. These errors are especially large during low intensity rainfall, although they can be reduced by accumulating rainfall over longer intervals, improving the correlation with gauge-adjusted radar data from 0.48 at 5 min intervals to 0.60 at hourly intervals. Spatial rainfall correlation functions derived from PWS data show much more small-scale variability than those based on gauge-adjusted radar data and those found in similar research using dedicated rain gauge networks. This can largely be attributed to the noise in the PWS data resulting from both the measurement setup and the data conversion by the PWS-platform. A double mass comparison with gauge-adjusted radar data shows that the median of the stations resembles the rainfall reference better than the real-time available (unadjusted) radar product. Averaging nearby raw PWS measurements already improves the match with gauge-adjusted radar data in that area. The results confirm that the growing number of internet-connected PWSs holds a promise for urban rainfall monitoring.
Verification of Pre-Monsoon Temperature Forecasts over India during 2016
with focus on Heat Wave Prediction
Authors: Singh Harvir , Arora Kopal , Ashrit Raghvendra , Rajagopal En
Published: October 2016

Abstract. The operational medium-range weather forecasting based on Numerical Weather Prediction (NWP) models are complemented by the forecast products based on Ensemble Prediction Systems (EPS). This change has been recognized as an essentially useful tool for the medium range forecasting and is now finding its place in forecasting the extreme events. Here we investigate the extreme events (Heat waves) using a high-resolution numerical weather prediction and its ensemble forecast in union with the classical statistical scores to serve the verification purposes. With the advent of climate change related studies in the recent past, the rising extreme events and their plausible socio-economic effects have encouraged the need for forecasting and verification of extremes. Applying the traditional verification scores and the associated methods on both, deterministic and the ensemble forecast, we attempted to examine the performance of the ensemble based approach as compared to the traditional deterministic method. The results indicate towards an appreciable competence of the ensemble forecasting detecting extreme events (Heat waves) as compared to deterministic forecast. Locations of the events are also better captured by the ensemble model. Further, it is found that the EPS smoothes down the unexpectedly soaring signals, which thereby reduce the false alarms and thus prove to be more reliable than the deterministic forecast.
On the CCN [de]activation nonlinearities
Authors: Arabas Sylwester , Shima Shin-ichiro
Published: October 2016

Abstract. We take into consideration the evolution of particle size in a monodisperse aerosol population during activation and deactivation of cloud condensation nuclei (CCN). The phase portrait of the system derived through a weakly-nonlinear analysis reveals a saddle-node bifurcation and a cusp catastrophe. An analytical estimate of the activation timescale is derived through estimation of the time spent in the saddle-node bifurcation bottleneck. Numerical integration of the system portrays two types of activation/deactivation hystereses: one associated with the kinetic limitations on droplet growth when the system is far from equilibrium, and one occurring close to equilibrium and associated with the cusp catastrophe. The hysteretic behaviour close to equilibrium imposes stringent time-resolution constraints on numerical integration, particularly during deactivation.
Variational modelling of extreme waves through oblique interaction
of solitary waves
Authors: Gidel Floriane , Bokhove Onno
Published: October 2016

Abstract. In this work, we model extreme waves that occur due to Mach reflection through the intersection of two obliquely incident solitary waves. For a given range of incident angles and amplitudes, the Mach stem wave grows linearly in length and amplitude, reaching up to four times the amplitude of the incident waves. A variational approach is used to derive the bidirectional Benney-Luke equations, an asymptotic equivalent of the three-dimensional potential-flow equations modelling water waves. This nonlinear and dispersive model has the advantage of allowing wave propagation in two horizontal directions, which is not the case with the unidirectional Kadomtsev-Petviashvili (KP) equation used in most previous studies. A variational Galerkin finite element method is applied to solve the system numerically in Firedrake with a second-order Stormer-Verlet temporal integration scheme in order to obtain stable simulations that conserve the overall mass and energy of the system. Using this approach, we are able to get close to the fourfold amplitude amplification predicted by Miles.
Cataclastic deformation of triaxially deformed, cemented mudrock (Callovo Oxfordian Clay): an experimental study at the micro/nano scale using BIB-SEM
Authors: Desbois Guillaume , Höhne Nadine , Urai Janos L. , Bésuelle Pierre , Viggiani Gioacchino
Published: October 2016

Abstract. The macroscopic description of deformation and fluid flow in mudrocks can be improved by a better understanding of microphysical deformation mechanisms. Here we use a combination of Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Broad Ion Beam (BIB) polishing to study the evolution of micro structure in samples of Callovo-Oxfordian Clay that were previously tested in the lab. Digital Image Correlation (DIC) enabled for the measurement of strain fields in the specimens, which were used as a guide to select regions in the sample for BIB-SEM analysis. Microstructures show evidence for dominantly cataclastic mechanisms (intergranular, transgranular, intragranular cracking, grain rotation, clay particle bending) down to nm- scale. At low strain, the dilatant fabric contains individually recognizable open fractures, while at high strain the reworked clay gouge contains broken non-clay grains, with a clear change towards smaller pores than the undeformed material and corresponding resealing of initial fracture porosity. This study might provide a first step towards a micro scale basis for constitutive models of deformation and fluid flow in cemented mudstones.
Interactions between Antarctic sea ice and large-scale atmospheric modes in CMIP5 models
Authors: Schroeter Serena , Hobbs Will , Bindoff Nathaniel L.
Published: October 2016

Abstract. The response of Antarctic sea ice to large-scale patterns of atmospheric variability varies according to sea ice sector and season. In this study, interannual atmosphere-sea ice interactions were explored using observation-based data and compared with simulated interactions by models in the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5. Simulated relationships between atmospheric variability and sea ice variability generally reproduced the observed relationships, though more closely during the season of sea ice advance than the season of sea ice retreat. Atmospheric influence on sea ice is known to be strongest during its advance, with the ocean emerging as a dominant driver of sea ice retreat; therefore, while it appears that models are able to capture the dominance of the atmosphere during advance, simulations of ocean-atmosphere-sea ice interactions during retreat require further investigation. A large proportion of model ensemble members overestimated the relative importance of the Southern Annular Mode compared with other modes on high southern latitude climate, while the influence of tropical forcing was underestimated. This result emerged particularly strongly during the season of sea ice retreat. The amplified zonal patterns of the Southern Annular Mode in many models and its exaggerated influence on sea ice overwhelm the comparatively underestimated meridional influence, suggesting that simulated sea ice variability would become more zonally symmetric as a result. Across the seasons of sea ice advance and retreat, 3 of the 5 sectors did not reveal a strong relationship with a pattern of large-scale atmospheric variability in one or both seasons, indicating that sea ice in these sectors may be influenced more strongly by atmospheric variability unexplained by the major atmospheric modes, or by heat exchange in the ocean.
Sturing van warmtenetten: naar een typologie van governance-structuren van warmte-infrastructuren
Authors: Sanders Maurits , Brunnekreef Anne Veerle , Heldeweg Michiel
Published: October 2016

Steering of heat networks: towards a typology of governance structures for heat infrastructures

A promising option in energy transition is a more efficient use of heat by linking local heating projects to a regional infrastructure. Although this is technologically feasible and the local officials are often benevolent, such projects only scantily get off the ground. The main challenge appears to be the aspect of the appropriate type of governance for the design and use of regional heat networks. The authors of this article developed a governance-typology for heat networks. The aim of the typology is to help unravel the complexity in the planning of heat infrastructures, taking due account of some legal principles. This typology also enables to categorize heating projects. In this way it is possible to provide some insight in the influence of the stakeholders’ preferences on the governance of heat infrastructures. Barriers and opportunities can be reduced that may hinder or promote the use of waste heat. Local officials may use the information for preventing or breaking through deadlocks in the planning of heat infrastructures.
De Eerste Kamer had het laatste woord
Authors: van Beuningen J.B.
Published: October 2016

De Eerste Kamer had het laatste woord. Over het interactieve totstandkomingsproces van STROOM en de behandeling in de Staten-Generaal

Op 22 december 2015 werd het wetsvoorstel STROOM verworpen door de Eerste Kamer. Het voorstel betrof een herziening van de Gaswet en de Elektriciteitswet 1998, gaf uitvoering aan het Energieakkoord en zou ondersteuning bieden aan de energietransitie. Dit artikel beschrijft het intensieve totstandkomingsproces van het wetsvoorstel dat werd ingericht met transparantie en interactie als uitgangspunten en beschrijft het parlementaire proces dat met STROOM doorlopen werd. Het doel van het totstandkomingsproces was om via horizontale beleidsvorming te komen tot een solide wetsvoorstel, dat door partijen gedragen werd en waarmee het noodzakelijk vertrouwen tussen partijen onderling en in hun verhouding tot de overheid werd hersteld. Uiteindelijk lag er een goed en gedragen wetsvoorstel in de Tweede Kamer, een fair deal, waarbij men op individuele punten had ingeleverd ten behoeve van een groter doel: de energietransitie. Het parlement had echter relatief weinig oog voor de nieuwe beleidsvoornemens, maar focuste zich op de splitsing van de energiebedrijven, een onderwerp dat geen onderdeel had uitgemaakt van het voorbereidingsproces, omdat over de splitsing rechtszaken werden gevoerd. Uiteindelijk is omwille van de splitsing het wetsvoorstel met één stem verschil verworpen. Een onbevredigende uitkomst: de energietransitie liep vertraging op en de splitsingsbepalingen bleven onverkort van toepassing. Hoe kon dat gebeuren?
O crkvenoslovenizmima u 'Rečniku srpskohrvatskoga književnog jezika'
Authors: Jović Aleksandra
Published: October 2016

U radu se govori o statusu leksike crkvenoslovenskog porekla u Rečniku srpskohrvatskoga književnog jezika Matice srpske i Matice hrvatske (Novi Sad - Zagreb, 1967-1976). Gotovo neznatan udeo leksema okvalifikovanih kao crkvenoslovenizmi (svega 167, odn. 0,0013%, uključujući osnovne odrednice i većinu derivacionih gnezda) u korpusu od 120 000 leksema može se objasniti nekolikim razlozima: prirodom jezičke reforme sprovedene u XIX veku kod Srba, marginalizacijam crkvenoslovenske leksike pod uticajem vladajuće društvene ideologije u vreme nastajanja i objavljivanja rečnika, te nedoslednošću u upotrebi kvalifikatora. Na osnovu bogate pravoslavne duhovne literature, uglavnom prevodne, izdavane u poslednjih nekoliko decenija na srpskom jeziku, ukazuje se na izvestan broj crkvenoslovenizama koji nisu obuhvaćeni navedenim leksikonom, a mogli bi ući u neki budući srpski rečnik.