bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A comparative study of inhalational therapy versus supportive management in children aged 2 months to 2 years suffering from acute bronchiolitis
Authors: Ahmed Shaik Nazeer , Poosala Suman
Published: February 2018

Background: The study was conducted with the aim to compare the effectiveness of nebulized hypertonic (3%) saline and nebulized salbutamol over supportive management to assess and monitor the clinical response in the above three modalities of management, to compare the length of stay in the hospital and to identify the risk factors for severe disease.Methods: This descriptive, cross-sectional hospital-based study was conducted at RICH Pediatric Hospital, Pogathota, Nellore, Andhra Pradesh from January 2015 to October 2016. A total of 120 children were included in the study. They were randomized into three treatment groups consisting of 40 in each. Group A received only supportive management, Group B received nebulization with 4 ml of 3% hypertonic saline along with supportive management and Group C received nebulization with 2.5 ml (2.5 mg) of salbutamol along with supportive management. Nebulization were given at intervals of 4 hours, six times a day until the patient was ready for discharge. Data was entered in Microsoft excel and analysis was done using SPSS version. A p-value of <0.05 was considered to be statistically significant.Results: Out of 120 children involved in the study, majority 56 (46.66%) children were <6 months age. Male preponderance was observed in the study (M:F-1.4:1). Higher proportion of moderate to severe cases was from rural area (61 cases). More severe cases were seen in lower socioeconomic class people and who had history of second hand smoking (21.67%). Clinically better improvement was seen in children that received nebulized hypertonic saline along with supportive management with mean length of hospital stay of 2.5 days when compared to only supportive management with mean length of hospital stay of 3.25 days. The mean length of hospital stays with nebulized salbutamol along with supportive management is 3.05 days which is not clinically significant. Of the 120 children studied, 118 (98.33%) survived and were discharged, while 2 children who presented critically succumbed to death (1.67%).Conclusions: Therapy with nebulized 3% hypertonic saline reduced the length of hospital stay in children <2 years suffering from acute bronchiolitis. Due to the efficacy and cost-effectiveness of the treatment, nebulized hypertonic saline should be considered for clinical management of acute bronchiolitis in children <2 years.
Analysis of Indonesia’s community health volunteers (kader) as maternal health promoters in the community integrated health service (Posyandu) following health promotion training
Authors: Tumbelaka Patricia , Limato Ralalicia , Nasir Sudirman , Syafruddin Din , Ormel Hermen , Ahmed Rukhsana
Published: February 2018

Background: Maternal health promotion is a task allocated to the kader (community health volunteers) in the community integrated health services called Posyandu. Yet, they are inadequately trained to perform this task. We present an analysis of the kader as maternal health promoters after their health promotion training with use of counselling card. Methods: Between March-April 2015, 14 participatory workshops were conducted and 188 kader in four villages in Ciranjang sub-district were trained. Data were collected through in-depth interviews and focus group discussions from community members, health care providers and policy makers in the four villages. A total of 44 interviews were conducted prior to health promotion training and 48 interviews post- training. In 46 Posyandu, kader were observed during their practice of health promotion within 3 consecutive months of post training. Data was transcribed and analysed in NVivo 10. Results: Most kader acknowledged that health promotion training improved their knowledge of maternal health and counselling skills and changed their attitude towards pregnant women at the Posyandu. They could confidently negotiate health messages and importance of health facility delivery with antenatal women. The kader also found the counselling cards helped pregnant women understand the health messages more clearly. The participatory training method involving role play and direct discussions boost kader confidence to deliver health promotion. As a result, the kader gained community appreciation which enhanced their motivation about their job. Conclusions: Appropriate health promotion training, provided the kader with adequate knowledge and skills to become resourceful maternal health promoters in the community.
Assessing empathy among undergraduate medical students: a cross sectional analysis using the Jefferson scale in a medical school in Coastal Karnataka
Authors: Nair Suma , Shetty Ranjitha S. , Guha Swati , Anjum Zari , Kamath Asha
Published: February 2018

Background: Empathy has been shown to improve the physician’s diagnostic skills as well as enhance the quality of communication with the patient. Empathy being an integral component of patient care, this study was designed to measure empathy levels among undergraduate medical students and to identify the factors associated with it in this population. Methods: This cross sectional study was carried out among 437 medical students including interns on the rolls of a medical school in coastal Karnataka. The students were administered a psychometrically validated Jefferson Scale of Empathy–Student Version (JSE-S) questionnaire, to measure various components of empathy. Responses were indicated on a seven point Likert scale and total scores ranged from 20–140, with higher values indicating higher levels of empathy. Results: Mean empathy score among the participants was 100.5±14.8, with significantly higher score being reported by females than males [101.9 vs. 97.3, p=0.002] and by first year students compared to third year students [105.2 vs. 95.3, p<0.01]. Empathy scores showed a declining trend as the students progressed through the medical school (p=0.002). Conclusions: Although the study showed higher empathy level among female medical students, there appeared a declining score among both genders as the years of study progressed with a marginal increase during the internship phase. This necessitates the need for incorporating caregiving as an integral part of the medical school curriculum by stressing on doctor- patient communication skills, which in turn could aid medical students become compassionate physicians.
Management of distal femur fractures with locking compression plate: a prospective study
Authors: Konuganti Sridhar Reddy , Jakinapally Sreenath Rao , Pratish Rao Vennamaneni , Rapur Sivaprasad
Published: February 2018

Background: Distal femur fractures need to be treated operatively to achieve optimal outcomes. Different types of internal fixation devices have been used but, the number of revisions for non-union, loss of reduction and implant failure has been high.

Methods: This prospective study reviewed 20 cases of distal femoral fractures surgically managed with distal femoral locking compression plate between December 2013 and December 2015 at Mediciti Institute of medical sciences, Ghanpur, Medchal, tertiary care referral and trauma centre. Fractures were categorized according to OTA classification by Muller.

Results: Highest number of patients was in their 3rd decade (25%) 18 out of 20 patients had closed injury. Type A2 Muller’s fracture was the most common fracture type 7 out of 20 patients (35%).The mean follow up period in this study was 8 months. The average range of knee flexion achieved was about 109°. The mean score 81.75 points were rated using Neer’s functional score (Max 100).

Conclusions: The locking compression plate is the treatment of choice in the management of comminuted distal femoral fractures especially Type A fractures where we have found higher Neer scores. It may not completely solve the age-old problems associated with any fracture like non-union and malunion, but is valuable in the management of these fractures.

 
Evaluation of Ponseti method in correction of congenital talipes equinovarus
Authors: Shinde Gopal M. , Dhole Yogesh A. , Kashid Manoj R. , Kakatkar Vijay R. , Rai S. K.
Published: February 2018

Background: Congenital idiopathic clubfoot is a complex foot deformity often requires many months of treatment and frequently resulted in incomplete or defective correction by older methods. Deformity can be corrected with serial manipulation and casting with minimal or no surgery as reported by Ponseti. This study is an attempt to evaluate the effectiveness of Ponseti technique in treatment of idiopathic congenital talipes equino varus.

Methods: 30 patients between age group of 01 to 24 weeks with 48 feet having congenital idiopathic clubfoot were treated using Ponseti technique. The guidelines for treatment were followed as per the Ponseti method of serial manipulation and casting at weekly intervals.

Results: 43 (89.58%) cases were treated successfully by using Ponseti technique without need of extensive surgery. 42 feet required tenotomy. 38 (79.16%) feet had an excellent outcome, 5 (10.42%) feet had a fair outcome and 05 feet (10.42%) had poor outcome as measured by the Pirani scoring system. 7 (14.58%) patients had cast related complications.

Conclusions: The Ponseti method is a safe, effective and reproducible method for correction of idiopathic congenital talipes equinovarus which significantly reduces the rate of extensive corrective surgeries for correction of clubfoot.
The Concept of Historical Consciousness of Jörn Rüsen in Narratives of Pilgrims: Sanctuary of Santiago de Compostela/Spain and Sanctuary of the Divino Pai Etertno/ Brazil
Authors: SILVA Maria da Conceição
Published: February 2018

Abstract: this research investigates some narratives of faithful, pilgrims from the sanctuary of Santiago de Compostela and the sanctuary of the Divine Eternal Father in Trindade. The theoretical approach that underpins this research understands the human dimension from the typologies of historical consciousness as a lack of orientation of life (RÜSEN). Temporalities, past, present and future perspectives, are categories for the meaning of what it is to be a faithful pilgrim, who narrate common forms of devotion to Christianity. The experiences of this faithful pilgrim, whether male or female, represent the meaning of his lack of orientation given the human absences with losses as well as suffering.A Consciência Histórica em Narrativas de Peregrinos: o Santuário de Santiago de Compostela e o Santuário do Divino Pai Eterno Resumo: esta pesquisa investiga algumas narrativas de fieis, peregrinos e romeiros, do santuário de Santiago de Compostela e do santuário do Divino Pai Eterno em Trindade. O enfoque teórico que sustenta esta investigação entende a dimensão humana a partir das tipologias da consciência histórica como carência de orientação da vida (RÜSEN). As temporalidades, passado, presente e perspectivas de futuro, são categorias para o sentido do que é ser um fiel peregrino, que narram formas comuns de devoção ao cristianismo. As experiências desse fiel-peregrino, seja homem ou mulher, representam o sentido às suas carências de orientação dadas as ausências humanas com as perdas, bem como o sofrimento.
Miracles of Eternal Father: Sobrenatural Visions in Three Ex-Votes in Trintinity Sanctuary (Goiás, Brazil)
Authors: Quadros Eduardo
Published: February 2018

Abstract: the devotion with Eternal Father arose between farmers that find a locket where was represented the scene of coronation of Our Lady in heaven, in the mid-19th century. Since then, histories of miracles had risen and in the beginning of the 20th century this devotion was the main religious fest in Brazil Midwest. In this work, we analyze traditional ex-votes are highlighted in the miracles room of current Basilica in Trindade, Goiás (Brazil). The pictorial language of the ex-votes permeated with symbols and indications that reveal a world of beliefs is usually not corresponding to the propagated by official doctrine, despite the emphasis in miracles have in common points with ecclesiastical politics.

Milagres do Pai Eterno: Visões do Sobrenatural em Tres Ex-Votos do Sauntário de Trindade (GO)

Resumo: a devoção ao Pai Eterno surgiu quando agricultores encontram um medalhão onde estava representada a cena da coroação de Nossa Senhora no céu, em meados do século XIX. Desde então, historias de milagres comeram a aparecer e já no inicio do século XX esta era a principal festa religiosa do centro-oeste brasileiro. Buscaremos neste trabalho, analisar ex-votos tradicionais que ficam em destaque na sala de milagres da atual basílica em Trindade, Goiás. A linguagem pictórica do ex-voto é permeada de símbolos e indicações que revelam um universo de crenças geralmente não correspondente ao propagado pela doutrina oficial, apesar do destaque que os milagres possuem na própria igreja.
The Messiah in Judaism and Christianity
Authors: Silva Valmor Da , Silva Severino Celestino da
Published: February 2018

Abstract: the article presents the different conceptions of Messiah in Judaism and in Christianity. Although present in other cultures and religions, the concept of messianism is defined in the Jewish religion, influenced mainly by contexts of crisis. Even if it is a fundamental concept, it is not always convergent. In the Hebrew Bible several messianisms were developed, with proposals of Messiah king, priest and prophet. The figure of David was fundamental in defining various types of messianism, but it was in the post-exile period or in the second temple that messianic ideas developed. At the beginning of the Christian era, the effervescence of messianic proposals sharpened popular expectations. Candidates for messiahs referred to the models of tradition, especially Moses as liberator, Aaron as priest, David as king and Judas Maccabee as military and politician. Christianity resumes texts and ideas about the Messiah, but changes the interpretation, concentrating it on the person of Jesus of Nazareth, called the Christ, the Anointed or the Messiah. Although Jesus embodies various traits of Jewish messianism, he privileges the image of the poor, servant, suffering, peacemaker, merciful and supportive Messiah in the struggle for justice. Despite the different understandings, Messianism must be a cause of common effort between Jews and Christians for peace and justice in the world.

O Messias no Judaísmo e no Cristianismo

Resumo: o artigo apresenta diferentes concepções de Messias no Judaísmo e no Cristianismo. Embora presente em outras culturas e religiões, o conceito de messianismo se define na religião judaica, influenciado sobretudo pelos contextos de crise. Mesmo se tratando de um conceito fundamental, ele nem sempre é convergente. Na Bíblia Hebraica, se desenvolveram vários messianismos, com propostas de Messias rei, sacerdote e profeta. A figura de Davi foi fundamental para definir diversos tipos de messianismo, mas foi no período do pós-exílio ou do segundo templo que as ideias messiânicas se desenvolveram. No início da era cristã, a efervescência de propostas messiânicas aguçava as expectativas populares. Candidatos a messias traziam como referência os modelos da tradição, principalmente Moisés como libertador, Aarão como sacerdote, Davi como rei e Judas Macabeu como político e militar. O Cristianismo retoma textos e ideias sobre o Messias, mas muda a interpretação, concentrando-a na pessoa de Jesus de Nazaré, chamado o Cristo, o Ungido ou o Messias. Embora Jesus encarne traços diversos do messianismo judaico, ele privilegia a imagem do Messias pobre, servo, sofredor, pacificador, misericordioso e solidário na luta pela justiça. Apesar das diferentes compreensões, o messianismo deve ser motivo de esforço comum entre judeus e cristãos, em vista da paz e da justiça no mundo.
Технологія нового інструментального методу оцінки мікрокліматичних умов рослинного покриву
Authors: Dvoretskij Taras , Kukhtin Vyacheslav
Published: February 2018

Мета: Розробка і апробація програмно-апаратного комплексу для вимірів основних мікрокліматичних характеристик в рослинному покриві. Методи: Комплекс дозволяє одночасно вимірювати температуру і вологість повітря, пряму і зворотну освітленість в під`ярусах і над травостаном із занесенням отриманих даних в постійно запам'ятовуючий пристрій. Результати: Перевірка функціональних можливостей приладу, проведена на дослідних ділянках болотної рослинності (угруповання класу Phragmito - Magno - Caricetea Klika in Klika et Novák 1941) показала відповідність заявлених характеристик з отриманими результатами. Обговорення: Питання про форму залежності екологічної ролі рослинності в природних умовах має не лише практичне, але і дуже важливе теоретичне значення, оскільки подальша трансформація зокрема екосистем веде до межі їх буферних можливостей і припинення роботи по підтримці існуючих балансів ґрунту і атмосфери. Проведення систематичних спостережень за зміною средоутворючої ролі рослинності різних типів екосистем в природних умовах і під впливом антропогенних чинників, а також формування на основі отриманих результатів заходів спрямованих на їх збереження, відновлення і невичерпне використання є важливою і актуальною проблемою.
Особливості класифікації авіаційних інженерів відповідно до їх спеціальностей у Великій Британії
Authors: Korol Liliya
Published: February 2018

Вступ: Стаття присвячена проблематиці класифікації авіаційних інженерів в системі вищої освіти Великої Британії. Ця тема є важливим аспектом компаративного педагогічного дослідження фахової підготовки авіаційних інженерів у вищих навчальних закладах Великої Британії. Різновиди класифікації: Автором було проаналізовано декілька класифікацій авіаційних інженерів відповідно до Загального класифікатору академічних спеціальностей та Служби прийому до університетів та коледжів. Класифікація авіаційних інженерів: В статті було виявлено  типи авіаційних інженерів за їхніми спеціальностями, головними дисциплінами та типами навчальних курсів. Було визначено які типи навчальних курсів є найбільш ефективними та роблять дипломованих спеціалістів найбільш конкурентоспроможними на світовому ринку праці. Висновки: Результати дослідження рекомендовано використовувати для подальшого аналізу вищих навчальних закладів, що пропонують фахову підготовку для авіаційних інженерів.
CURIOSIDADE E PRAZER DE APRENDER O papel da curiosidade na aprendizagem criativa
Authors: Bertuncello Julia Marta Zamarchi , Bortoleto Edivaldo José
Published: February 2018

Este artigo tem por finalidade nos mostrar o que realmente é a curiosidade e qual é sua atuação segundo Assmann. Hoje onde vivemos num mundo globalizado, em que temos uma enxurrada de informações não é difícil de aguçar a curiosidade.  Mas esta curiosidade pode ser tanto para o bem como para o mal. Freire e Assmann discutem no âmbito da curiosidade de aprender, de buscar novos conhecimentos além daqueles que lhe apresentado em sala de aula, a integração docente e discente em sala de aula. Da curiosidade a criatividade é uma das formas de aprender com prazer, incentivar o aluno a buscar novos desafios colocar para fora suas curiosidades. Alunos curiosos não fazem só perguntas, mas vão em busca de respostas. A curiosidade é tão importante quanto a inteligência. A curiosidade prepara o cérebro para aprender, exercita a mente para o novo, ou entender porque algumas coisas aconteceram no passado, buscando novas respostas e indagações. Foi-se o tempo que o individuo curioso era chamado de bisbilhoteiro ou intrigueiro, que apenas algumas pessoas tinha o privilégio de alimentar suas curiosidade e esta no mundo contemporâneo faz com que a aprendizagem seja mais prazerosa  e aulas menos monótonas.Hugo Hassmann em seu livro “Curiosidade e Prazer de Aprender”, nos leva a refletir sobre vários aspectos e sentidos sobre curiosidade, o que significa propriamente esta palavra em suas diversas formas e idiomas. Como no passado era visto na sociedade a curiosidade? Qual era a relevância na vida do individuo e como foi paulatinamente sendo estuda nas mais variadas teorias e como foi marginalizada diante de pré-conceitos? O autor coloca como “ponto-chave: é a nova cultura do ensino e da aprendizagem em nossas escolas”. Enfatizando que as nossas escolas tem que instigar a curiosidade nos alunos para aprender com satisfação e alegria. Onde o conhecimento se mantém vivo em uma atmosfera leve sem medo das suas escolhas e sem a neofilia (gosto pelo novo).Nos tempos modernos curiosidade/criatividade é o que está mais em voga no grupos de pesquisas, nas escolas, nos artigos de revistas renomadas. Diante de um mundo globalizado é impossível que este sentimento não seja aflorado pelo mundo escolar, acadêmico e na sociedade num todo
ERA UMA VEZ OS DIREITOS HUMANOS: A CONTAÇÃO DE HISTÓRIA COMO INSTRUMENTO PARA A EDUCAÇÃO EM DIREITOS HUMANOS
Authors: Borges Karla , Serafim Jaqueline
Published: February 2018

O presente artigo tem como objetivo discutir a relevância da educação em direitos humanos, utilizando como instrumento a contação de histórias, de maneira que contribua à promoção e defesa dos direitos humanos, considerando as diversidades: diversidade sexual e de gênero, diversidade religiosa e cultural, e as relações étnico raciais. Dentre os objetivos específicos estão: compreender o que são os direitos humanos, analisar a importância da educação em direitos humanos e, por fim, apresentar a contação de histórias como forma de sensibilização e aprendizagem à educação em direitos humanos no ambiente escolar. Palavras-chave: Direitos Humanos. Educação em Direitos Humanos. Educação.
Comparing the Effectiveness of Processing Instruction and Production-Based Instruction on L2 Grammar Learning: The Role of Explicit Information
Authors: Soruç Adem , Qin Jingjing , Kim YouJin
Published: February 2018

This article reports on a study that investigated whether processing instruction (PI) or production-based instruction (PBI) is more effective for the teaching of regular past simple verb forms in English. In addition, this study examined whether explicit grammatical information (EI) mediates the effectiveness of PI or PBI. A total of 194 Turkish EFL students were randomly assigned to one of the four experimental groups—PI+EI, PI–EI; PBI+EI, PBI–EI—or a control group and then completed interpretation and production tasks. The results demonstrated that (a) the PI–EI group and PBI–EI group performed equally well on both interpretation and production tasks; (b) when EI was a factor, the PI+EI group outperformed the PBI+EI group on only the interpretation task, while no significant difference was found on the production task; (c) no significant differences were found between the PI+EI or –EI groups, and the PBI+EI or –EI groups. Pedagogical implications of these findings are discussed, and suggestions made for future research.Cet article porte sur une étude qui a voulu déterminer quelle méthode – l’instruction basée sur la compréhension et impliquant une réflexion sur le sens des formes (PI) ou l’instruction basée sur la production (PBI) – est plus efficace pour l’enseignement des formes verbales du passé en anglais. De plus, cette étude a examiné le rôle de l’information grammaticale explicite (EI) sur l’efficacité de l’instruction PI et de l’instruction PBI. Nous avons réparti, de façon aléatoire, 194 étudiants d’ALE d’origine turque à un de quatre groupes expérimentaux - PI+EI, PI–EI; PBI+EI, PBI–EI – ou à un groupe témoin. Par la suite, les étudiants ont complété des tâches d’interprétation et de production. Les résultats indiquent que : (a) le rendement du groupe PI–EI aux tâches d’interprétation et de production était aussi bon que celui du groupe PBI–EI; (b) quand l’information grammaticale explicite (EI) jouait un rôle, le rendement du groupe PI+EI aux tâches d’interprétation était supérieur à celui du groupe PBI+EI mais aucune différence significative n’a été constatée pour la tâche de production; (c) aucune différence significative n’a été constatée entre les groupes PI+EI et les groupes –EI, ni entre les groupes PBI+EI et les groupes –EI. Nous discutons des implications pédagogiques de ces résultats et offrons des suggestions de recherche complémentaire.
A Three-Stage Model for Implementing Focused Written Corrective Feedback
Authors: Chong Sin Wang
Published: February 2018

This article aims to show how the findings from written corrective feedback (WCF) research can be applied in practice. One particular kind of WCF—focused WCF— is brought into the spotlight. The article first summarizes major findings from focused WCF research to reveal the potential advantages of correcting a few preselected language items instead of all errors. It is argued that the majority of the focused WCF research, which has adopted an experimental or quasi-experimental design, has had limited pedagogical implications for second language (L2) writing teachers. Thus, the second section puts forward a three-stage model for operationalizing focused WCF, which includes selecting the focus, teaching the focus, and reinforcing the focus. Pedagogical ideas will be included in each of the stages to give writing teachers a clear idea of how to justify the selection of a language focus and implement WCF in a systematic manner.Cet article a comme objectif de démontrer comment les résultats de recherche portant sur la rétroaction corrective écrite (RCE) peuvent être appliqués à la pratique. La recherche touche plus précisément un type particulier de rétroaction corrective écrite, la RCE ciblée. L’article débute par un résumé des résultats majeurs découlant de la recherche sur la RCE ciblée et ainsi, révèle les bienfaits potentiels de corriger quelques items langagiers présélectionnés au lieu de toutes les erreurs. Nous faisons valoir que la majorité de la recherche sur la RCE ciblée, qui a adopté une méthodologie expérimentale ou quasi-expérimentale, a eu des retombées pédagogiques limitées pour les enseignants de l’écriture en langue seconde. La deuxième section avance donc un modèle à trois étapes visant de rendre fonctionnelle la RCE ciblée et qui implique, entre autres, l’identification, l’enseignement et le renforcement des items ciblés. Chaque étape sera accompagnée de concepts pédagogiques de sorte à donner aux enseignants une vision claire pour la sélection d’items langagiers et la mise en œuvre systématique de la RCE ciblée.
Theses Prepared In the Field of Public Health and Features Between The Years 2008-2013 in Turkey
Authors: Ozpulat Funda
Published: February 2018

Abstract

Background: With this study which is planned descriptively; it is aimed to reveal characteristics of theses prepared in the field of public health between the years 2008-2013. Methods: Planned study is performed scanning electronically National Thesis Center between January 18, 2014 and March 10, 2014, 552 theses published between the years 2008-2013 are included into the research. Data are evaluated by number and percentage calculations, besides Chi-Square Test of Independence is used in order to determine whether there is a statistically significant relationship between variables. Statistical analyses are made at a significance level of 0.05 with using the SPSS-17 package program. Conclusions: Of the thesis prepared in Medical and Nursing departments, 8.9% of them by Marmara University, 8.2% of them of Erciyes University and Dokuz Eylul University, 7.1% of them by Hacettepe University are prepared. Theses are published so close to each other in the years 2009-2010 and 2011 with (respectively, 19.7%, 18.3%, and 18.7%), a decrease is seen in the number of thesis on Public Health published in 2013.

Keywords: Postgraduate education, Department of Public Health, Department of Public Health Nursing, Postgraduate Theses on Public Health.
Dietary habits of Turkish adolescents in Konya, Turkey
Authors: Kalkan Indrani
Published: February 2018

Abstract

Problem Statement: The adolescence is a crucial stage between childhood and adulthood during which an individual acquires new qualities and practices including dietary habits that may be influenced by his peers and social circle. Purpose of the study: To determine the dietary habits of adolescents studying in high schools in Konya, Turkey where obesity has been determined to be considerably high. Methods: The population comprised of first year students registered for 2012-2013 academic year at five different high schools selected randomly in Konya. The study included a total of 643 individuals. Data regarding dietary habits of students were collected by means of Adolescent Food Habit Checklist (AFHC) whose validity and reliability studies for Turkish version had been previously published. Means, standard deviation and ANOVA tests were performed for data analysis. Findings and Results: The mean age was 15.18±0.57 years of which 65.2% were males. Body mass index evaluation indicated 51.8% of students were underweight, 39.5% normal and 8.7% overweight. Mean AFHC score of students were calculated as 9.17±3.70. Mean AFHC score obtained by females (9.97±3.67) were significantly higher than males (8.74±3.64) (p<0.01). AFHC scores obtained by overweight students were significantly higher than underweight and normal students (p<0.01). Conclusions and Recommendations: Dietary habits in Turkish adolescents were below optimal level. Higher AFHC scores obtained by overweight students as compared to normal suggested adequate nutritional knowledge is not a decisive factor in determining dietary habits. Proper dietary habits gained at an early age, is important in bringing up healthy generations.

Keywords: Adolescent, dietary habits, body mass index
Erotismo y mediatizaciones. Revistas femeninas en la Argentina de la década del 60
Authors: Schaufler María Laura
Published: February 2018

El presente artículo traza un recorrido históricocultural acerca del problema del erotismo en la prensa femenina argentina de la década del 60. Ello supone una contextualización dentro de un marco de los estudios culturales, de géneros y sexualidades y las investigaciones sobre mediatizaciones. La categoría de erotismo ha jugado un papel silencioso en el marco de las ciencias sociales. Como tópico se ha mantenido en los márgenes quizás por el peso de la herencia de la cultura religiosa que lo ha definido como un tema prohibido. Neutralizada, la categoría a menudo ha estado solapada tras la sexualidad –y ésta última asociada estrechamente a la dualidad sexual o de los sexos–. En el plano discursivo y en el marco de la cultura de masas constituyó un tópico de disputa simbólica en la década del 60. Lo decible y lo visible respecto al erotismo sufrió mutaciones, hilvanándose una cesura que resignificó la problemática, redefiniendo lo indecible, dentro de la configuración de una época. Los regímenes semiótico-discursivos indicaban no sólo qué podía y qué debía ver la sociedad acerca de lo erótico sino también cómo debía verlo. Las construcciones discursivas y semióticas en la prensa femenina configuraban una visibilización moderada de este aspecto de la vida social.
Moral hazard in producer organizations - some experiences of an empirical survey
Authors: Kovács Zoltán
Published: February 2018

A wide range of empirical experiences shows that the performance of Hungarian producer organizations (aka TÉSZ) significantly falls behind the activity observed in the developed Western European countries. Regarding this issue, the present study examines how moral hazard - as one of the possible reasons - influences the producers’ activities in cooperative organizations. Information for the research was collected with the help of a questionnaire survey among the members of PaprikaKert TÉSZ Ltd. A statistical path model has been developed for the research, which assumed that - in addition to a direct effect - moral hazard also affects collaborative activity by eroding trust. The statistical model has been tested both in member-member and members-management relations. The experiences from the survey clearly show that moral hazard exists in the producer organization. According to my results, though its measure cannot be regarded numerically considerable, its negative effect on cooperative activity can be proved with statistical examinations. Its effect can be divided into two aspects: besides a direct effect, an indirect one can also be detected, which means that moral hazard is able to reduce producers’ willingness to cooperate by eroding trust. Moreover, our results have clearly pointed out that moral hazard has a negative impact on member-member and members-management relations to varying degrees and through different mechanisms. In addition to the above tests, the empirical testing of another model called Sholtes trust model has been carried out, too. The validating was successful, so the model - which attributes trust to the faith in the partner’s loyalty and capability - is basically acceptable. The argument says that high-level trust can be observed among partners only when faith both in loyalty and capability is strong enough. The research, however, revealed that the above-mentioned two factors determine it in a different way: regarding trust between members, the faith in capability is more important; while trust towards the management is more determined by faith in loyalty.

JEL code: Q12, Q13
Determinants of dividend payout policy: An empirical study of banking sector of Pakistan
Authors: Ahmad Ishtiaq , Muqaddas Muhammad Fahid
Published: February 2018

One good way to communicate financial performance of a bank to its shareholders is the payment of dividend. The present study is attempted to explore the influence of financial efficiency, safety, risk and profitability on dividend policy using panel data of 10 commercial banks listed at Pakistan Stock Exchange (PSX) for a period of 9 years between 2006 to 2014. The panel regression technique is used to analyze the data. The analysis shows a positive relationship of dividend payout ratio with safety and profitability in banking sector of Pakistan. The study identifies a negative association of dividend payout measure with financial efficiency and risk. The results show the statistically significant association of safety, risk and profitability with dividend payout ratio. Based on these findings it is concluded that safety, risk and profitability measures are relatively strong measures for defining dividend policy. The results are strongly indicating that safer the banks, the greater payout ratio the bank has. Moreover; banks with higher profitability and lower non-performing loans (NPLs) are believed to pay more dividends.

JEL code: G21, G23, G35
Analysis of the cavebath of Miskolctapolca’s brand elements and guests satisfaction
Authors: Müller Anetta , Boda Eszter Judit , Ráthonyi Gergely , Ráthonyi-Ódor Kinga , Barcsák Barbara , Könyves Erika , Bíró Melinda , Dobay Beáta , Bendíkova Elena
Published: February 2018

In the region of Northern Hungary the unique Cavebath of Miskolcatapolca is one of the leading health tourism service positioning itself on national and international market with its developing supply items and 4 star qualifications. It has a unique natural background all over in Europe; this uniqueness gives an opportunity to develop brand, which is a determinative item of competitiveness. Because of the competition between destinations and the ever-changing nature of tourists’ expectations and behavior tourism destinations need to be managed as other commercial brands. The aim of our research was to analyze the role and possibilities of product development which is based on the unique natural factors, and to help to expand the domestic health tourism supply. We examined how the possibility of branding and brand equity change based on brand elements; how satisfied are guests with the services; how often guests visit the bath; what kind of period guests arrive in the bath; what kind of services do guests try; how do guests arrive in the bath with. In summer of 2014 we asked 210 Hungarian customers to fill the questionnaire in the Cavebath. The choosing of guests happened randomly. 199 questionnaires were correctly filled.

JEL CODE: Z32
Perspectives for development social entrepreneurship in republic of Moldova
Authors: Stratan Dumitru
Published: February 2018

Social entrepreneurship, as a field for research and scientific disputes between scholars and practitioners, it still remains a novel investigation area, as far as new opportunities, challenges, business approaches and concepts appear into the modern world and competitive market. This paper puts emphasis on social framework behind the development of social businesses in Moldova. Moreover, it presents the grass-root state of readiness of existing small and medium – sized enterprises from Moldova to undertake the leap towards the new kind of economy and different organizational approaches. The paper provides a content analysis of specific literature on social entrepreneurship, with particular emphasis on general perception of the small holders and small and medium – sized enterprises on social business. A total number of 593 small and medium – sized enterprises and individuals participated to organized interviews. The survey results show that 66% of the respondents are not acknowledged with social entrepreneurship concept and functionality. From those (34%) who are informed about the topic, most of them are actual young entrepreneurs. Additionally, young entrepreneurs, respondents, wouldn’t reinvest their profit for social mission (73%). Unlike young entrepreneurs, individuals would reinvest their profit in social missions, in case they have a business. These findings suggest that, in the society there is a lack of general understanding on social entrepreneurship. The author also found out that, the general perception regarding social problems is mostly assigned to public authorities instead of enterprises. Moreover, the research results show that the absence of a clear mechanism which would raise public awareness regarding social problems and social capital, affects the active implication of community stakeholders into the societal problems.

JEL code: M140
The empirical examination of changes related to value drivers in the effects of the 2007-2008 crisis
Authors: Kiss Anita
Published: February 2018

The article brings into the focus the corporate value creation and the main value drivers. The first goal of the study is to classify the most relevant value drivers, and their function of the firms’ value. Further objective of this paper is to present the effects of the 2007-2008 global financial crisis. This article demonstrates the following. The first part introduces the value chain and illustrates the primary and the support activities of the companies. The second section briefly presents the 2007-2008 global economic crisis, introducing its causes, events and financial aspects. The third empirical part of the paper analyses the database featuring data from 18 European countries, 10 sectors and 1553 firms in the period between 2004 and 2011. At the end, the fourth part contains conclusions. Based on the related literature reviewed and in the conducted empirical research it can be assessed that 2008 can be seen unambiguously as the year of the crisis. In this year, all independent variables had a negative effect on the dependent variable.

JEL code: P40
Examining career orientations at the University of Debrecen
Authors: Gergely Éva
Published: February 2018

The paper endeavours to give a narrower definition of the orientation of ‘career’. The survey to be discussed examines a sample of 116 full time students of economics and has career anchor analysis as its focus. The study details the result of a questionnaire-based survey, which was carried out with respect to the carrier of university students and was supplemented by surveying motivation, value and work value as well. The analysis finds that “security, stability and organisational identification” are judged to be the primary career anchors among the members of the majority sample. This means that the respondents feel ready to identify themselves with the company and are looking for security to be provided by long term employment, regular earnings and by steady career advancement. The cluster analysis of the questionnaire differentiates four groups: Leaders, Specialists, Entrepreneurs and Employees. The results showed that the Leaders have high capacities of leadership, creativity and autonomy. The Specialists show highly developed functional capabilities in general and they seem to like challenges. The Entrepreneurs have outstandingly high scores concerning autonomy and entrepreneurial creativity. The members of the cluster of the Employees are characterised by a high expectation of security and stability and by low levels of managerial capability and entrepreneurial creativity. Discriminant analysis was applied to select the distinguishing features that can set the clusters apart from each other. The motivations, values preferences and work values inventory will consolidate the differences between the clusters of the career anchors. Using the method in high education within special trainings could be the practical utilization of the study. On the basis of the results a questionnaire can be compiled, which could help uncertain students relating to their carriers and future orientation containing information in connection with their carrier orientation, motivation, value preferences and work value.

JEL code: I21
Women on ice - gender equalization
Authors: Béki Piroska , Géczi Gábor
Published: February 2018

In the last decades the women started to do sports which were originally masculine (Pfister, 1990). The parity led to the slow transformation of the old-school thinking about the traditional roles of sexes (Hall, 1996). The main questions of our investigation were whether the athletes’ thought of the figure skating and the ice hockey are different according to their sport or to the existing stereotypes in the Hungarian sport society. We used semi-structured interviews to gather opinions of two different gender type icy sports’ top women athletes (figure skating and ice hockey) to see their viewpoints about the gender equalization. We can verify Metheny (1965) findings, that the social acceptance or refusal of women in sports on the basis of traditional features is changing slightly. Research questions were: Are there differences in the childhood sport socialization processes of the representatives of the two sports? What was the motivation behind their choice of sports? Are there differences in the gender identities of female athletes? What is the athletes’ opinion on one another and the representatives of the other sport? Method was semi-structured in-depth interviews and the samples were the members of the Hungarian women ice hockey and figure skating national team. According to our results family and siblings were decisive in the childhood socialization process. Early age patterns do not seem to have much influence on the selection of sport. Although among water polo/ice hockey girls there were a few tomboys. Among the ice hockey team members there were girlish girls and boyish girls as well, but among the figure skaters there were no one who was boyish. No differences can be observed in their views on gender roles concerning for example employment or housework.

JEL Code: Z29
New venture creation – the influence of entrepreneurship education on students’ behavior (a literature – review based study)
Authors: Kazmi Syed Zaheer Abbas , Nábrádi András
Published: February 2018

Entrepreneurship brings economic growth and development through the process of venture creation. These new business enterprises have a very important and positive impact on employment generation, poverty alleviation, and socio-economic development. Entrepreneurship education influences the attitude and behavior of students to form intentions of self-employability. We have analyzed the literature to clearly understand the relationship between entrepreneurship education and intentionality and the underlying mechanisms through which entrepreneurship education impacts intentions to start new ventures. By utilizing the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) and Social Cognitive Theory (SCT), we propose that entrepreneurship education increases students’ perceived entrepreneurial self-efficacy and perceived desirability for starting new ventures. Entrepreneurial self-efficacy and desirability in turn impact and increase students’ entrepreneurial intentions for creating new ventures. Entrepreneurship Education Programs (EEPs) focusing “Education for entrepreneurship” have more influence on intentionality through self-efficacy and desirability. Comparatively, EEPs concentrating on “Education about entrepreneurship” will have less impacts on the intentionality. The study has important theoretical and practical implications for researchers, academicians, policy makers and potential entrepreneurs – the students.

JEL. Code: A2, L6
The analysis of agro-economic effects of household food wastage through the example of bread
Authors: Hubert Klára , Szűcs István
Published: February 2018

In our busy world, where numerous people starve and where the resources are restricted, it is a key issue to pay particular attention to the topic of prevention and decrease of food loss as well as food wastage.Wastage of food produced and delivered to the end user (customer) is an issue arising globally and nationally as well, which results in efficiency loss at economic level in any case. While the FAO study mentions food waste of the order of 1.3 billion tonnes on a world scale, then the annual quantity of food waste in Hungary is estimated at about 1.8 million tonnes, which contains the waste of every member of the chain from production to consumption. On the basis of the data published by the Hungarian Food Bank (2015), the amount of food waste caused by the population is 400 000 tonnes. In compliance with our objectives, inputs – expressed by non-financial and financial indicators – emerge during production are assigned to the quantity of wasted food. Applying the aforementioned method we would like to make customers realize how many resources (land, water, artificial fertilizer, pesticide, seed and gasoil) are utilized needlessly in food verticum by the end products – at present by different breads they throw out. As our calculations prove by 10% waste of breads the utilization of 5 300 hectares of wheat land and 660 hectares of rye land can be considered unnecessary. By 10% waste of breads the financial value of the utilized resources is altogether 3.25 million EUR. Out of this the financial value of utilized artificial fertilizer is 1.10 million EUR (34%), of utilized pesticide is 1.15 million EUR (35%), of utilized gasoil is 0.70 million EUR (22%) and of utilized seed is 0.30 million EUR (9%). Among different breads, white bread is purchased in the greatest volume by the Hungarian households, from which 121 900 tonnes are bought annually on an average. This quantity is equal to almost the 40% of the annual bread sell. If 10% of purchased white bread is thrown out, it results in useless utilization of 2 676 hectares of wheat land in food verticum. The quantity of utilized water arising form wastage is 15.8 million m3. Further losses emerge as regards material inputs: artificial fertilizer- to the value of 0.50 million EUR, pesticide- to the value of 0.58 million EUR, seed to the value of 0.15 million EUR and gasoil-loss to the value of circa 0.35 million EUR. Totally, material input to the value of 1.58 million EUR is owing to the Hungarian households in case of 10% white bread wastage.

JEL code: Q53