bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An unsupervised intelligent fault diagnosis research for rotating machinery based on NND-SAM method
Authors: Zhang Haifeng , Zou Fengqian , Sang Shengtian , Li Yuqing , Li Xiaoming , Hu Kongzhi , Chen Yufeng
Published: December 2022

Currently, intelligent fault diagnostics of rotating machinery have significantly contributed to mechanical health monitoring. However, real-world labeled data obtained from high-value equipment such as gas turbine units, pumps, and other rotating components are occasionally insufficient for model training. This article proposes an unsupervised deep transfer learning model that can directly extract features from the data itself, thus reducing the number of training samples required. The well-designed neural network with a domain-specific antagonism mechanism aligns features between the source and target domains and so makes data-driven decisions more efficiently. The parameter-free gradient reversal layer is used as an optimizer, considerably reducing the cross-domain discrepancy and accelerating convergence. The average multi-classification accuracy under transferable conditions reaches 97%, 91%, and 95% over three cases of fault diagnosis. Moreover, the time consumption of the system improves by more than 3.5% compared to existing models. The results reveal that the suggested strategy is suitable for a challenging unlabeled dataset and represents a significant improvement over existing unsupervised learning techniques.
Improved decentralized GNSS/SINS/odometer fusion system for land vehicle navigation applications
Authors: Mu Mengxue , Zhao Long
Published: December 2022

Due to low cost and complementary performance advantages, global navigation satellite system (GNSS)/ strapdown inertial navigation system (SINS) integrated systems have established themselves in certain areas of land vehicle navigation. However, this integrated system cannot maintain reliable positioning solutions in challenging environments due to the inherent fragility of GNSS signals and time accumulated errors of a stand-alone SINS. To address this challenge, a multi-source information fusion system based on the decentralized system architecture and sequential Kalman filter for a land vehicle is proposed, which can fuse information from an odometer and motion aided constraints selectively and adaptively in different driving environments. Moreover, a comprehensive calibration and compensation strategy is designed to enhance the information fusion. On the one hand, a real-time calibration algorithm is designed to estimate the time-varying odometer scale factor and the misalignment between the inertial measurement unit (IMU) and vehicle body frame when GNSS signals are available. On the other hand, the forward velocity error caused by the lever arm, and the non-zero lateral velocity generated by the turning maneuver are compensated by the introduced velocity compensation method. A real car experiment in urban areas is carried out to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed system. It shows that the proposed decentralized GNSS/SINS/odometer fusion system can maintain an average horizontal positioning root mean square error (RMSE) of 1-meter level when GNSS signals are cut off about 1-2 min. In addition, compared with the traditional centralized fusion structure, the proposed decentralized fusion structure can mitigate the horizontal positioning RMSE of the whole trajectory from 2.95 m to 0.59 m, which verifies that it can obtain better performance for the application of low-cost sensors in complex GNSS environments.
Graphene FETs with high and low mobilities have universal temperature-dependent properties
Authors: Gosling Jonathan H , Morozov Sergey V , Vdovin Evgenii E , Greenaway Mark T , Khanin Yurii N , Kudrynskyi Zakhar , Patanè Amalia , Eaves Laurence , Turyanska Lyudmila , Fromhold T Mark , Makarovsky Oleg
Published: December 2022

We use phenomenological modelling and detailed experimental studies of charge carrier transport to investigate the dependence of the electrical resistivity, ρ, on gate voltage, V

g
, for a series of monolayer graphene field effect transistors with mobilities, μ, ranging between 5000 and 250 000 cm2 V−1 s−1 at low-temperature. Our measurements over a wide range of temperatures from 4 to 400 K can be fitted by the universal relation

μ
=
4
/
e
δ

n

max

for all devices, where

ρ

max

is the resistivity maximum at the neutrality point and δn is an ‘uncertainty’ in the bipolar carrier density, given by the full width at half maximum of the resistivity peak expressed in terms of carrier density, n. This relation is consistent with thermal broadening of the carrier distribution and the presence of the disordered potential landscape consisting of so-called electron–hole puddles near the Dirac point. To demonstrate its utility, we combine this relation with temperature-dependent linearised Boltzmann transport calculations that include the effect of optical phonon scattering. This approach demonstrates the similarity in the temperature-dependent behaviour of carriers in different types of single layer graphene transistors with widely differing carrier mobilities. It can also account for the relative stability, over a wide temperature range, of the measured carrier mobility of each device.
Weighted sum of harmonic signals for direct imaging in magnetic particle imaging
Authors: Liu Yanjun , Hui Hui , Liu Sijia , Li Guanghui , Zhang Bo , Zhong Jing , An Yu , Tian Jie
Published: December 2022

Objective. Magnetic particle imaging (MPI) is a novel radiation-free medical imaging modality that can directly image superparamagnetic iron oxide tracers (SPIOs) with high sensitivity, temporal resolution, and good spatial resolution. The MPI reconstruction task can be formulated mathematically as a Fredholm integral problem, but the concrete inversion is not easily possible because of the particle dynamics or scanner issues. Measurement based system matrix inversion takes these factors into account, but prior measurement and calibration are time consuming. Approach. We proposed a direct imaging method based on the weighted sum of harmonic signals. The harmonic signals with spatial information are obtained by the short-time Fourier transform, and odd harmonic components are selected for recombination and then mapped to the sampling trajectory to image the concentration distribution of SPIOs. In addition, we adopt a normalized-weighted sum of harmonics to improve the resolution of the native image. Main results. The effectiveness of the proposed method is verified by simulation imaging experiments and our in-house scanner-based experiments. Quantitative evaluation results show that compared with traditional methods, the structural similarity improved by 48%, mean square error decreased by 88%, and signal-to-artifact ratio increased by 2.5 times. Significance. The proposed method can rapidly image the concentration distribution of nanoparticles without any prior calibration measurements and reduce the blur of MPI images without deconvolution, which has the potential to be implemented as a multi-patch imaging method in MPI.
Miniaturized frequency selective rasorber with absorption in S–C band and transmission in X band
Authors: Dai Yilin , Fu Yang , Chen Shiju , Wu Jiong , Liu Shanshan , Shen Zhaoyang , Yang Helin
Published: December 2022

A miniaturized frequency selective rasorber (FSR) that has a wide absorption band in the S–C band and a wide transmission band based on X-band is presented in this paper. The FSR consists of a lossy layer loaded with lumped resistors and a bandpass layer with a three-screen cascade structure, which has the advantages of low insertion loss, wide passband bandwidth, and stable structural performance in the operating band. The rectangular spiral resonant (RSR) is loaded in the middle of the four arms of the cross to form a lossy layer. The aggregate resistance is loaded between the units to form a closed loop, which will absorb the detection signal and thus greatly reduce the radar cross section (RCS). The bandpass layer is divided into three layers, with two identical square patches coupled with a layer of complementary cross grids to form a multi-order bandpass filter. Furthermore, the operating mechanism of low absorption and high transmission is analyzed and verified based on equivalent circuit theory and impedance matching theory. The simulation results show that the 1 dB transmission band of the FSR is 8.0–12.5 GHz and the 10 dB absorption band is 2.8–6.6 GHz. The highest transmittance reaches over 97% at 10.0–11.5 GHz and the lowest insertion loss is 0.012 dB. It has important theoretical reference value and great application in the field of the new stealthy radome.
Topology design for leader-follower coherence in noisy asymmetric networks
Authors: Chen Jing , Sun Weigang , Wang Jun
Published: December 2022

In this paper, we aim to study the effect of the leader’s positions in leader-follower coherence quantified by the spectrum in noisy asymmetric networks with a set of hub nodes. In order to compare the impact of leader selection in different ways on the studied coherence, we choose a family of ring-trees networks to conveniently assign the leaders and hubs. Based on the regular network topology and matrix theories, we obtain analytical solutions for the leader-follower coherence regarding network parameters and the number of leaders. Using these expressions, we then obtain exact relations among the coherences and show that the leader’s positions and network parameters have a profound impact on the coherence. More specifically, the network with one hub displays better coherence than the networks with two hubs. In addition, two adjacent and nonadjacent hubs lead to distinct performance of leader-follower consensus dynamics that depends on network parameters and assigned leaders in the ring or the tree network.
Fractional phase transitions of RN-AdS black holes at their Davies points*
Authors: Wang Li-Hua , He Yun , Ma Meng-Sen
Published: December 2022

In this study, we investigate the phase transitions of the RN-AdS black hole at its Davies points according to the generalized Ehrenfest classification of phase transition established based on fractional derivatives. Notably, Davies points label the positions at which the heat capacity diverges. According to the usual Ehrenfest classification, second-order phase transitions occur at these points. For the RN-AdS black hole, the Davies points can be classified into two types. The first type corresponds to extreme values of the temperature, and the second type corresponds to the infection point (namely the critical point) of temperature. Employing the generalized Ehrenfest classification, we determine that the orders of phase transition at the two types of Davies points are different, that is, we note an order of 3/2 for the first type and 4/3 for the second type. Thus, this finer-grained classification can discriminate between phase transitions that are expected to lie in the same category, providing new insights leading toward a better understanding of black hole thermodynamics.
Is the magic texture of Majorana neutrinos immanent in Dirac nature?
Authors: Hyodo Yuta , Kitabayashi Teruyuki
Published: December 2022

Magic textures are successful candidates of the correct texture for Majorana neutrinos. In this study, we demonstrate that several types of magic textures of Majorana neutrinos are approximately immanent in the flavor mass matrix of Dirac neutrinos. In addition, the normal mass ordering of Dirac neutrino masses is slightly preferable to inverted mass ordering in the context of magic textures.
R-Symmetric NMSSM*
Authors: Xu Shuai , Zheng Sibo
Published: December 2022

It is well known that the observed Higgs mass is more naturally explained in the next-to-minimal supersymmetric standard model (NMSSM) than in the minimal supersymmetric standard model. Without any violation of this success, there are variants of the NMSSM that can lead to new phenomenologies. In this study, we propose a new variant of the NMSSM by imposing an unbroken R symmetry. We first identify the minimal structure of such a scenario from the perspective of both simplicity and viability, then compare the model predictions to current experimental limits, and finally highlight the main features that differ from those of well-known scenarios.
Hidden conformal symmetry and pair production near the cosmological horizon in Kerr-Newman-Taub-NUT-de Sitter spacetime*
Authors: Siahaan Haryanto M.
Published: December 2022

We show that the study of the hidden conformal symmetry that is associated with the Kerr/CFT correspondence can also apply to the cosmological horizon in the Kerr-Newman-Taub-NUT-de Sitter spacetime. This symmetry allows employing some two dimensional conformal field theory methods to understand the properties of the cosmological horizon. The entropy can be understood by using the Cardy formula, and the equation for the scattering process in the near region is in agreement with that obtained from a two point function in the two-dimensional conformal field theory. We also show that pair production can occur near the cosmological horizon in Kerr-Newman-Taub-NUT-de Sitter for near extremal conditions.
Fractions of Compact Object Binaries in Star Clusters: Theoretical Predictions
Authors: Li Zhong-Mu , Kayastha Bhusan , Kamlah Albrecht , Berczik Peter , Deng Yang-Yang , Spurzem Rainer
Published: December 2022

The binary population in field stars and star clusters contributes to the formation of gravitational wave (GW) sources. However, the fraction of compact-object binaries (CBs), which is an important feature parameter of binary populations, is still difficult to measure and very uncertain. This paper predicts the fractions of important CBs and semi-compact object binaries (SCBs) making use of an advanced stellar population synthesis technique. A comparison with the result of N-body simulation is also presented. It is found that most CBs are formed within about 500 Myr after the starburst. The fractions of CBs and SCBs are demonstrated to correlate with stellar metallicity. The higher the metallicity becomes, the smaller the fraction of black hole binaries (BHBs), neutron star binaries (NSBs) and SCBs. This suggests that the GW sources of BHBs and NSBs are more likely to form in metal-poor environments. However, the fraction of black hole-neutron star binaries is shown to be larger for metal-rich populations on average.
Rationalizing systematic discrepancies between election outcomes and opinion polls
Authors: Gamberi Luca , Vivo Pierpaolo , Förster Yanik-Pascal , Tzanis Evan , Annibale Alessia
Published: December 2022

The Bradley effect concerns the discrepancy between opinion polls and actual election outcomes that emerges when candidates do not exhibit mainstream ideological, sexual or racial features. This effect was first observed during the 1982 election for the Governor of California that resulted in a significant loss for the black Democratic candidate, Tom Bradley, despite him being ahead in polls. It has been argued that poll respondents tend to mask their true political preference and favour of what is generally considered more socially acceptable. We propose an exactly solvable statistical mechanical model, which allows for a quantitative exploration of this phenomenon. The model includes three main ingredients: (i) the tendency of individuals to align their real preference to the declared (public) opinions of others, (ii) a term accounting for an individual integrity factor, which induces voters to be consistent between their public and private opinions, and (iii) a self-monitoring component, which tunes the strength by which an individual is affected by and wishes to publicly conform to social norms. We observe the emergence of order in a wide range of parameters of the model and discuss the effect of noise on the correlation between hidden and public preference. Finally, we present an application of this model to the prediction of election outcomes.
Non-homogeneous random walks with stochastic resetting: an application to the Gillis model
Authors: Radice Mattia
Published: December 2022

We consider the problem of the first passage time to the origin of a spatially non-homogeneous random walk (RW) with a position-dependent drift, known as the Gillis random walk, in the presence of resetting. The walk starts from an initial site x
0 and, with fixed probability r, at each step may be relocated to a given site x

r
. From a general perspective, we first derive a series of results regarding the first and the second moment of the first hitting time distribution, valid for a wide class of processes, including RWs lacking the property of translational invariance; we then apply these results to the specific model. When resetting is not applied, by tuning the value of a parameter which defines the transition probability of the process, denoted by ε, the recurrence properties of the walk are changed, and we can observe: a transient walk, a null-recurrent walk, or a positive-recurrent walk. When the resetting mechanism is switched on, we study quantitatively in all regimes the improvement of the search efficiency. In particular, in every case resetting allows the system to reach the target with probability one and, on average, in a finite time. If the reset-free system is in the transient or null-recurrent regime, this makes resetting always advantageous and moreover, it assures the existence of an optimal resetting probability

r
∗

which minimizes the mean first hitting time. Instead, when the system is positive-recurrent, the introduction of resetting is not necessarily beneficial. We explain that in this case there exists a threshold

r

t
h

for the resetting probability r, above which the resetting mechanism yields a larger mean first hitting time with respect to the reset-free system. We provide a study of

r

t
h

, which can be zero for some values of the system parameters, meaning that resetting cannot be beneficial in those situations. All the theoretical findings are corroborated with numerical simulations.
LHCb RMS-R3, new radiation hard system for on-line monitoring of beam and background conditions in Run 3
Authors: Dobishuk Vasyl , Alessio Federico , Chernyshenko Serhii , Okhrimenko Oleksandr , Pugatch Valery
Published: December 2022

During Run 3, the LHCb experiment will collect data at a higher luminosity with respect to the previous decade of data taking. The Radiation Monitoring System (RMS-R3), functionally designed for reliable long-run performance, will display the interaction rate of the LHC’s beams along with its background in LHCb. The RMS-R3 comprises 4 detector modules based on the Metal-Foil Detectors radiation hard technology that can withstand fluences up to 1020 MIPs/cm2 or radiation doses of up to a GGy, during its entire lifespan. The modules are placed symmetrically around the beam pipe remarkably close to the interaction point at LHCb at about 2.2 m, while covering a backward acceptance of 7-14 degrees. The readout electronics provide a continuous relative luminosity measurement for LHCb and observations of background evolutions during the various stages of the beam preparation towards collisions. The RMS-R3 detector’s performance has shown good response reproducibility of about 1% and excellent linearity, making it a robust and reliable complementary detector for beam induced background and luminosity measurement at LHCb.
The CALICE AHCAL: a highly granular SiPM-on-tile hadron calorimeter prototype
Authors: Laudrain Antoine
Published: December 2022

The Analogue Hadron Calorimeter (AHCal) of the CALICE collaboration is a technological prototype for future linear collider detectors, addressing scalability, integration and engineering challenges imposed by the experimental environment. It is based on the SiPM-on-tile technology, where the active layers of the calorimeter are formed by 3 × 3 cm2 plastic scintillator tiles placed on top of SiPMs mounted on readout boards that also house SPIROC-2E front-end ASICs. A large prototype with 22 000 channels has been constructed using techniques suitable for mass production and automatic assembly. The calorimeter successfully took muon, electron and pion data at the CERN-SPS. Smaller setups for dedicated measurements were also tested later at the DESY-II facility. Main features of the alternative KlauS ASIC and megatile scintillator designs are also presented.
Purity monitor and TPC design for Xenoscope
Authors: Biondi Yanina
Published: December 2022

The Xenoscope detector has the main goal of achieving electron drift over a 2.6 m distance, which is the scale of the future multi-ton scale dual-phase liquid xenon (LXe) TPCs for dark matter and rare event searches. The DARWIN experiment aims to have 40 tons of LXe as its active volume, reaching the neutrino floor background. Xenoscope will serve as a facility for photosensors and future technologies testing, in order to develop the next generation of LXe dark matter detectors. Metre-scale drift lengths will require a precise monitoring of the LXe purity. In this context, we have designed an integrated xenon purity monitor and a TPC, with the fabrication of the former nearly complete. We have characterised the electronics for charge readout, as well as different photocathode materials to optimise the charge yield and thus increase the precision in the purity measurement.
The PADME charged particle spectrometer
Authors: Oceano Isabella
Published: December 2022

The PADME experiment aims at searching signals of a dark photon A′. This is done evaluating the final state missing mass of the process e
+
e
− → A′γ by knowing the beam energy and measuring the four-momentum of the ordinary recoil photon. The determination of this quantity, and the capability to reject the background, are the key points for the success of the experiment.

Three charged particle detectors are employed to detect the positrons that have radiated a high energy photon in the target (PVeto), electrons from the beam interactions in the target or from particles which decay to final states with electrons (EVeto), and the positrons with a relatively low energy radiation in the target (HEPVeto). All three detectors are made of plastics scintillator bars placed inside the vacuum vessel of the PADME setup. PADME Commissioning took place in 2018-2019 with the beam of the Linac of the local Beam Test Facility (BTF) and results and performance of the veto stations will be presented.
Towards the integration of the NUMEN experiment
Authors: Calvo D , Sartirana D , Cappuzzello F , Cavallaro M , Carbone D. , Ferraresi C , Oliveira J R B , Agodi C , Brasolin S , Calabretta L. , Finocchiaro P. , Mereu P. , Torresi D. , Pinna F , Russo A D
Published: December 2022

The most promising probe to establish the Majorana or Dirac nature of the neutrino is the neutrinoless double beta decay and the effective neutrino mass would be evaluated by the knowledge of the corresponding nuclear matrix elements. Also measurements of the Double Charge Exchange (DCE) interactions of heavy ion beams can get information on them. The NUMEN experiment based on the pre-existing large acceptance MAGNEX spectrometer and integrated with new challenging components aims at measuring DCE cross sections using ion beams of unprecedented intensity (1013 pps) on specific isotopes at INFN-LNS in Catania. Expected rate on the sensitive area of about 0.15 m2 reaches up to about 5 Mpps, demanding for adequate detectors in measuring position, direction, energy, mass and charge of the ions produced by interactions. Gamma detectors surround a scattering chamber containing the target.
Cosmic Muon Veto for the mini-ICAL detector at IICHEP, Madurai
Authors: Satyanarayana B. , Bharathi S.R. , Chinnappan Pandi , Datar V.M. , Jangra Mamta , John Jim , Joshi S.R. , Karthikk K.S , Umesh L , Majumder Gobinda , Panchal N. , Panyam Nagaraj , Pethuraj S. , Ponraj Jayakumar , Ravindran K.C. , Rubinov Paul , Sachdeva Mahima , Saraf Mandar , Sharma Kirti Prakash , Shinde R.R. , Sogarwala Hariom , Upadhya S.S. , Verma Piyush , Yuvaraj E
Published: December 2022

A 51-kiloton magnetised Iron Calorimeter (ICAL) detector, using Resistive Plate Chambers (RPCs) as active detector elements, aims to study atmospheric neutrinos. A prototype - 1/600 of the weight of ICAL, called mini-ICAL was installed in the INO transit campus at Madurai. A modest proof-of-principle cosmic muon veto detector of about 1 m × 1 m × 0.3 m dimensions was setup a few years ago, using scintillator paddles. The measured cosmic muon veto efficiency of 99.98% and simulation studies of muon-induced background events in the ICAL detector surrounded by an efficient veto detector were promising. This led to the idea of constructing a bigger cosmic muon veto around the mini-ICAL detector. Details of the design and construction of the detector including the electronics, trigger and DAQ systems planned will be briefly presented.
Control system for ion Penning traps at the AEgIS experiment at CERN
Authors: Nowicka D , Bergmann B , Bonomi G , Brusa R S , Burian P , Camper A , Caravita R , Castelli F , Cheinet P , Comparat D , Consolati G , Doser M , Gjersdal H , Glöggler L , Graczykowski Ł , Guatieri F , Haider S , Huck S , Janik M , Kasprowicz G , Khatri G , Kornakov G , Malbrunot C , Mariazzi S , Nebbia G , Nowak L , Oswald E , Pagano D , Penasa L , Pospisil S , Povolo L , Prelz F , Rienäcker B , Røhne O M , Sandaker H , Stekl I , Tefelski D , Volponi M , Wolz T , Zimmer C , Zurlo N
Published: December 2022

The AEgIS experiment located at the Antiproton Decelerator at CERN aims to measure the gravitational fall of a cold antihydrogen pulsed beam. The precise observation of the antiatoms in the Earth gravitational field requires a controlled production and manipulation of antihydrogen. The neutral antimatter is obtained via a charge exchange reaction between a cold plasma of antiprotons from ELENA decelerator and a pulse of Rydberg positronium atoms. The current custom electronics designed to operate the 5 and 1 T Penning traps are going to be replaced by a control system based on the ARTIQ & Sinara open hardware and software ecosystem. This solution is present in many atomic, molecular and optical physics experiments and devices such as quantum computers. We report the status of the implementation as well as the main features of the new control system.
Setup to study the Compton scattering of entangled annihilation photons
Authors: Strizhak A , Abdurashitov D , Baranov A , Borisenko D , Guber F , Ivashkin A , Morozov S , Musin S , Volkov V
Published: December 2022

The experimental setup to study the difference between Compton scattering of entangled and decoherent annihilation photons is discussed. The pairs of entangled gammas are born in electron-positron annihilation at rest. The polarization state of each photon in such a pair is not definite and represents the superposition of horizontal and vertical polarizations, while the relative polarizations of the photons are orthogonal. After interaction with the environment (for example, via the Compton scattering) the entangled pair of photons is broken and the pair becomes decoherent with determined polarizations of both gammas. Since the Compton scattering depends on the polarization of the initial photon, the scattering kinematics of entangled and decoherent photons might be quite different. At present, there is no experimental comparison of the Compton scattering kinematics for entangled and decoherent gammas.
Opportunities of Si-microstrip LGAD for next-generation space detectors
Authors: Duranti Matteo , Vagelli Valerio , Barbanera Mattia , Cavazzuti Elisabetta , Cossio Fabio , Formato Valerio , Oliva Alberto , Pacini Lorenzo
Published: December 2022

Low Gain Avalanche Diode (LGAD) is a consolidated technology developed for particle detectors at colliders which allows for simultaneous and accurate time (<100 ps) and position (tens of μm) resolutions. It is a candidate technology that could enable for the first time 5D tracking in space using LGAD Si-microstrip tracking systems. The intrinsic gain of LGAD sensors may also allow to decrease the sensor thickness while achieving signal yields similar to those of Si-microstrips currently operated in Space. In this document we discuss the possible applications and breakthrough opportunities in next generation large area cosmic ray detectors and sub-GeV gamma-ray detectors that could be enabled by LGAD Si-microstrip tracking detectors in Space. We propose the design of a cost-effective instrument demonstrator on a CubeSat platform to enable and qualify the operations of LGAD Si-microstrip detectors in space.
Design and implementation of the double read-out system for the calorimeter of the HERD experiment
Authors: Berti E , Pacini L , Starodubtsev O , Tiberio A
Published: December 2022

The High Energy cosmic-Radiation Detection (HERD) facility is a China-led international space mission that will start its operation around 2027 aboard the future China’s Space Station. The mission is expected to extend the direct measurements on cosmic rays and gamma rays by at least one order of magnitude in energy respect to the limits of the experiments currently operating in space. This is possible thanks to its novel design, based on a 3D, homogeneous, isotropic and finely-segmented calorimeter, with good energy resolution (< 1% for electromagnetic showers, < 30% for hadronic showers) and a good effective geometric factor (> 3 m2sr for electromagnetic showers, > 2 m2sr for hadronic showers). The main challenge of the hardware design is the implementation of the read-out system for each of the almost 8000 LYSO crystals of the calorimeter, since a large dynamic range of 107 is needed and absolute energy scale calibration is crucial for space instruments. In this contribution, we describe the double read-out scheme chosen for the final configuration, made of wave-length shifting fibers coupled with an intensified scientific CMOS and photodiodes connected to a specifically designed front-end electronics. In particular, we will discuss the advantages of both read-out systems and the benefits offered to the apparatus by this double read-out scheme.
Thermo/mechanical design for embedding ALPIDE pixel sensor chip in a High-Energy Particle Detector space module
Authors: Serra E , Angeletti M , Coli S , Gargiulo C , Iuppa R
Published: December 2022

The High-Energy Particle Detector (HEPD) module is designed to measure the pitch angle and energy of electrons and protons fluxes trapped in the Earth Magnetosphere with energies 3-100 MeV and 30-300 MeV respectively. Because of the launch of the CSES-02 satellite, an interesting option for improving the HEPD is to endow the tracking module with ALPIDE monolithic active pixel, specifically developed for the ITS upgrade of ALICE experiment at CERN. In this work we present the project of a modular and compact particle tracker made of 5 turrets, making use of 150-pixel sensors equipped with Hybrid Integrated Circuit (HIC) and supported by Carbon Fiber Reinforced Plastics (CFRPs) staves housed in an aluminum case. All envisaged solutions have been validated with an intense campaign of qualification tests, concerning vibrations and thermal stresses. The HEPD-02 tracker project foreruns the massive usage of CFRPs for space initiatives both of scientific and exploratory nature.
A complete MC optical photons tracking simulation of Plastic Scintillator Detectors for the next generation of satellite experiments
Authors: Altomare C. , Alemanno F. , Barbato F.C.T. , Bernardini P. , Cattaneo P.W. , De Mitri I. , de Palma F. , Di Venere L. , Di Santo M. , Fusco P. , Gargano F. , Kyratzis D. , Loparco F. , Loporchio S. , Marsella G. , Mazziotta M.N. , Pantaleo F.R. , Parenti A. , Pillera R. , Rappoldi A. , Raselli G.L. , Rossella M. , Serini D. , Silveri L. , Surdo A.
Published: December 2022

Plastic scintillators are widely used for anti-coincidence systems and for the identification of charged cosmic-ray nuclei in satellite experiments. For this reason, a plastic scintillator detector (PSD) should have a high detection efficiency for charged cosmic rays and a very good capability of measuring charges. We implemented a full and customizable simulation tool to investigate the performance of a PSD coupled to Silicon Photomultipliers. The overall performance of the detector is studied by tracking optical photons produced inside the scintillator. The simulation will be used for the design of a PSD for future space experiments, such as HERD, AMEGO, e-Astrogam. In this work we investigated in detail the effect of Birks’ saturation in the discrimination of charged ions up to iron nuclei. We will show the comparison between simulations and measurements conducted on prototype scintillator tiles.
Development of a System for Beam Abort and Luminosity Determination at the HL-LHC based on polycrystalline CVD diamond
Authors: Maček B , Abusareya M , Gorišek A , Kagan H , Mikuž M , Oh A , Porter A L , Smith D S
Published: December 2022

The high luminosity upgrade of Large Hadron Collider will increase its luminosity by an order of magnitude increasing with it the density of particles on the detector. For protecting the inner detectors of experiments and for monitoring the delivered luminosity, a radiation hard beam monitor is being developed. Text describes the proposed system’s principles of operation and its design. It details on the poly-crystalline chemical vapor deposition diamonds as sensor material, a dedicated radiation hard ASIC, as well as on electronics and data processing. The latter finally offers beam abort and luminosity measurement functionalities of the system.
Performance tests of dual-phase CO2 cooling for particle detectors
Authors: Arling J-H , Baselga M , Diez S , Gregor I-M , Goettlicher P , Gupta R , Hauser M , Parzefall U , Poblotzki F , Renardi A , Schmitt S , Sperlich D , Stanitzki M , Stroem R
Published: December 2022

Evaporative CO2 cooling is becoming a popular cooling solution for large-scale, high-energy particle detectors, such as the new ATLAS Inner Tracker (ITk) for the high-luminosity upgrade of the LHC. CO2 offers a high latent heat transfer at reasonable flow parameters and is an environment friendly alternative to many other coolants currently used. This cooling technique is used to investigate the thermal performance of prototypes from the ITk strip detector produced at DESY. The strip end-cap local support structure, called petal core, is designed to allow a good heat transfer between silicon strip modules glued on its surface and the embedded titanium cooling pipe. Studies on the thermal properties using infrared thermography have been performed to analyse the heat dissipation path which allows also to detect eventual imperfections in the assembly as part of the quality control strategy. A similar analysis was executed on a petal loaded with electrical modules to study the heat generation due to active components and its dissipation for each module under different CO2 conditions.
Study of the performances of the DAMPE silicon-tungsten tracker after five years of mission
Authors: Catanzani E , Ambrosi G , Azzarello P , Perrina C , Iónica M , Tykhonov A , Wu X
Published: December 2022

DAMPE (DArk Matter Particle Explorer) is a satellite-based experiment launched in December 2015 and smoothly taking data after five years of mission. The Silicon-Tungsten Tracker (STK) is characterized by 6 double layers of silicon micro-strip detectors, for a total detection area of 7 m2, and three 1 mm thick tungsten plates, placed in the mechanical support structure, aimed to the photon conversion in e± pairs. The STK has a double role: precise reconstruction of the track of charged particles with a spatial resolution around 40 μm for most incident angles of the incoming particles, identification of the charge of the incoming cosmic rays. The STK performances are excellent after five years of continuous operation in space: in this contribution the STK in-orbit calibration and performances during the whole DAMPE mission will be presented.
Characterization and verification of the Shunt-LDO regulator and its protection circuits for serial powering of the ATLAS and CMS pixel detectors
Authors: Kampkötter Jeremias , Karagounis Michael , Koukola Dominik , Loddo Flavio , Orfanelli Stella , Luengo Alvaro Pradas , Traversi Gianluca , Kokozinski Rainer
Published: December 2022

The Shunt-LDO regulator has been integrated in the ATLAS and the CMS pixel detector RD53 front-end chip to implement the serial powering scheme which both experiments have chosen as the baseline option for the HL-LHC upgrade. The performance of the integrated regulators has been characterized and specific design challenges have been identified which are related to layout parasitics and shallow trench isolation (STI) stress effects. In addition the functionality of circuits which address crucial system level aspects like the protection against overvoltage/overload has been verified.
CMS ECAL upgrade for precision timing and energy measurements at the High Luminosity LHC
Authors: Reis Thomas
Published: December 2022

The unprecedented instantaneous luminosity provided by the High Luminosity upgrade of the LHC (HL-LHC) at CERN requires an upgrade of the Compact Muon Solenoid (CMS) electromagnetic calorimeter (ECAL). The barrel region of the CMS ECAL will be preserved but will be operated at a lower temperature and with a completely new readout and trigger electronics. A dual gain trans-impedance amplifier and an integrated circuit providing two 160 MHz analog to digital converter channels, gain selection, and data compression will be used in the new readout electronics. The trigger decision will be moved off-detector and performed by powerful and flexible field programmable gate array processors, allowing for sophisticated trigger algorithms to be applied. The upgraded ECAL will be capable of high-precision energy measurements throughout HL-LHC data taking and will greatly improve the time resolution for photons and electrons above 10 GeV.
A possible design of the readout electronics for large area SiPM detectors of the TAO experiment
Authors: Montini Paolo
Published: December 2022

The TAO (Taishan Antineutrino Observatory) is a ton-level Gadolinium doped liquid scintillator (GdLS) detector located 30 m far from one of the Taishan reactor cores in China serving the JUNO (Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory) neutrino experiment. The TAO GdLS will be read-out by ~ 10 m2 SiPMs cooled down to -50 °C in order to reduce the dark counts rate. In this work we present a proposal for the full readout electronic chain specifically designed to meet the TAO purposes.
The Monitoring of Pixel System (MOPS) chip for the Detector Control System of the ATLAS ITk Pixel Detector
Authors: Ahmad Rizwan
Published: December 2022

The ATLAS experiment will get a new inner tracker (ITk) during the phase II upgrade. The innermost part is called the Pixel Detector. A new Detector Control System (DCS) is being developed to provide control and monitoring of the ITk pixel detector. The Monitoring of Pixel System (MOPS) chip is an Application Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC) foreseen in the DCS to independently monitor the voltage and the temperature across the modules which constitute the front-end electronics responsible for tracking and data readout. The chip is developed by the Bergische Universität Wuppertal in collaboration with the Fachhochschule Dortmund. The modules which need to be monitored are powered serially in a chain. The MOPS chip has a 12-bit ADC which can read up to 34 channels. Controller Area Network (CAN) and CANopen protocols are used for communication. The final chip is required to be radiation hard up to an ionizing dose of 500 Mrad. In this paper, the functionality of the chip will be discussed, some results from the first version of the chip will be presented as well as a brief overview of the second version.
A new data transfer scheme for the HL-LHC upgrade of the ATLAS Tile Hadronic Calorimeter
Authors: Cervelló A , Valero A , Carrió F , Torres J , Soret J , García R
Published: December 2022

The Large Hadron Collider (LHC) is undergoing a series of upgrades towards a High Luminosity LHC (HL-LHC) that will deliver five times the LHC nominal instantaneous luminosity. The ATLAS experiment is one of the experiments at the LHC that investigates elementary particle interactions in collisions of high-energy proton beams. To prepare for data taking in high-luminosity conditions, the ATLAS Tile Hadronic Calorimeter (TileCal) will replace completely on- and off-detector electronics using a new read-out architecture. The TileCal detector signals will be digitized by on-detector electronics and transferred to the TileCal PreProcessors (TilePPr), which comprise the main component of the off-detector electronics. In the TilePPr, the digitized data will be stored in pipeline buffers and be packed and read out to the Front-End LInk eXchange (FELIX) system upon the reception of a trigger decision. FELIX is a new detector readout component being developed as part of the ATLAS upgrade effort. FELIX is designed to act as a data router between the data acquisition detector control and TTC (Timing, Trigger and Control) systems and the new or updated trigger and detector front-end electronics. Whereas previous detector readout implementations relied on diverse custom hardware platforms, the idea behind FELIX is to unify all readout across one well supported and flexible platform.
Scintillator cubes for 3D neutrino detector SuperFGD
Authors: Fedotov S , Dergacheva A , Filik A , Khabibullin M , Khotjantsev A , Kudenko Yu , Mineev O , Yershov N
Published: December 2022

SuperFGD, a highly granular scintillator detector, is under construction to reduce systematic uncertainties in the T2K experiment in order to improve the sensitivity to CP-violation in neutrino oscillations. SuperFGD will be comprised of about 2×106 small (10×10×10 mm3) optically isolated polystyrene based plastic scintillator cubes with three orthogonal holes 1.5 mm in diameter. The readout of scintillating light from each cube is provided by three wavelength shifting fibers inserted into the three holes and coupled to MPPC micropixel photosensors. The cubes are covered with a white chemical reflector for optical isolation. The technology of making these cubes, their mechanical properties, their main characteristics obtained during tests with cosmic muons and at the CERN beamline, and the results of the temperature tests are presented in this paper.
Charged particle identification performance of the TOP counters in Belle II
Authors: Sandilya S. , Schwartz A. , Tamponi U.
Published: December 2022

The Time-Of-Propagation (TOP) counter is a novel ring-imaging Cherenkov detector that primarily consists of a quartz bar radiator, micro-channel plate photomultipliers and front-end readout electronics. These TOP counters are installed in the central region of the Belle II detector to provide the crucial information on the charged particle identification (PID). Here, we present an overview of PID studies in Belle II, with a focus on the performance of the TOP detector. The results presented are from the recently recorded data which show reasonable agreement with the expectations from the simulation studies.
Study on the Possibility of Neutron Gamma Discrimination in GAGG Crystal
Authors: Ma Lishuang , Zhang Lingfeng , Wang Zhigang , Qian Sen , Zhu Yao , Wu Qi , Yan Min , Guo Hao , Peng Shuo , Hua Zhehao
Published: December 2022

The scintillators capable of neutron detection are being the research hotspot recently. In this manuscript, we investigated the possibility of cerium-doped gadolinium aluminium gallium garnet (GAGG: Ce) crystal to achieve neutron gamma discrimination through pulse shape discrimination (PSD) method. PSD is a method based on the principle that the waveforms of scintillation light differ for different particles. The experiments show that it’s hard for single GAGG crystal to distinguish the neutron from the gamma-ray. Therefore, a composite crystal made of gamma-sensitive crystal and GAGG crystal was furtherly developed. Using the 252Cf neutron source, the composite is proven to be capable of discriminating the neutrons from the gamma-ray and the corresponding FOM is 3.33.
Neutron spectroscopy with N2-filled high-pressure large-volume spherical proportional counters
Authors: Giomataris I , Green S , Katsioulas I. , Knights P , Manthos I , Matthews J , Neep T , Nikolopoulos K , Papaevangelou T , Phoenix B , Sanders J , Ward R
Published: December 2022

Precise in-situ measurements of the neutron flux in underground laboratories is crucial for direct dark matter searches, as neutron induced backgrounds can mimic the typical dark matter signal. The development of a novel neutron spectroscopy technique using Spherical Proportional Counters is investigated. The detector is operated with nitrogen and is sensitive to both fast and thermal neutrons through the 14N(n, α)11B and 14N(n, p)14C reactions. This method holds potential to be a safe, inexpensive, effective, and reliable alternative to 3He-based detectors. Measurements of fast and thermal neutrons from an Am-Be source with a Spherical Proportional Counter operated at pressures up to 2 bar at Birmingham are discussed.
Strategies for reducing the use of greenhouse gases from particle detectors operation at the CERN LHC Experiments
Authors: Mandelli Beatrice , Corbetta Mara , Guida Roberto , Rigoletti Gianluca
Published: December 2022

A wide range of gas mixtures is used for the operation of the gaseous detectors at the CERN LHC experiments. Some gases, as C2H2F4, CF4, C4F10 and SF6, are greenhouse gases (GHG) with high global warming potential and therefore subject to a phase down policy.

The reduction of GHG emissions is of paramount importance for CERN, which has identified four different strategies. The first strategy is based on the optimization of the gas mixture recirculation plants already in use. The second approach is the recuperation of used gas mixtures followed by separation of the GHG for its re-use. Several R&D are ongoing to evaluate this possibility and prepare the design of final systems. A third approach is making use of industrially available solutions for disposal of GHGs. Finally, the search of new eco-friendly gases is object of many R&D programs by the detector communities.

The four strategies will be compared by considering investment required, return benefit and technological readiness.
The Recoil Directionality (ReD) Experiment
Authors: Sanfilippo S , Agnes P , Albergo S , Albuquerque I , Arba M , Ave M , Boiano A , Bonivento W M , Bottino B , Bussino S , Cadeddu M , Caminata A , Canci N , Cappello G , Caravati M , Cariello M , Castellano S , Catalanotti S , Cataudella V , Cereseto R , Cesarano R , Cicalò C , Covone G , de Candia A , De Filippis G , De Rosa G , Davini S , Dionisi C , Dolganov G , Fiorillo G , Franco D , Giovanetti G K , Galbiati C , Gulino M , Ippolito V , Kemmerich N , Kochanek I , Korga G , Kuss M , La Commara M , La Delfa L , Leyton M , Li X , Lissia M , Mari S M , Martoff C J , Masone V , Matteucci G , Musico P , Oleynikov V , Pallavicini M , Pandola L , Razeto A , Rescigno M , Rode J , Rossi N , Sablone D , Scapparone E , Sosa A , Suvorov Y , Testera G , Tricomi A , Tuveri M , Wada M , Wang H , Wang Y
Published: December 2022

Directional sensitivity to nuclear recoils would provide a smoking gun for a possible discovery of dark matter in the form of WIMPs (Weakly Interacting Massive Particles). A hint of directional dependence of the response of a dual-phase argon Time Projection Chamber (TPC) was found in the SCENE experiment. Given the potential importance of such a capability in the framework of dark matter searches, a new dedicated experiment, ReD (Recoil Directionality), was designed by the Global Argon Dark Matter Collaboration, in order to scrutinize this hint. Prior to the irradiation with a neutron beam, the ReD TPC underwent a long campaign of characterization and optimization: some selected results are presented in this contribution.