bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Non-perturbative Approach to Equation of State and Collective Modes of the QGP
Authors: Y.F. Liu Shuai , Rappxs Ralf
Published: January 2018

We discuss a non-perturbative T-matrix approach to investigate the microscopic structure of the quark-gluon plasma (QGP). Utilizing an effective Hamiltonian which includes both light- and heavy-parton degrees of freedoms. The basic two-body interaction includes color-Coulomb and confining contributions in all available color channels, and is constrained by lattice-QCD data for the heavy-quark free energy. The in-medium T-matrices and parton spectral functions are computed selfconsistently with full account of off-shell properties encoded in large scattering widths. We apply the T-matrices to calculate the equation of state (EoS) for the QGP, including a ladder resummation of the Luttinger-Ward functional using a matrix-log technique to account for the dynamical formation of bound states. It turns out that the latter become the dominant degrees of freedom in the EoS at low QGP temperatures indicating a transition from parton to hadron degrees of freedom. The calculated spectral properties of one- and two-body states confirm this picture, where large parton scattering rates dissolve the parton quasiparticle structures while broad resonances start to form as the pseudocritical temperature is approached from above. Further calculations of transport coefficients reveal a small viscosity and heavy-quark diffusion coefficient.
Collectivity and manifestations of minimum-bias jets in high-energy nuclear collisions
Authors: A. Trainor Thomas
Published: January 2018

Collectivity, as interpreted to mean flow of a dense medium in high-energy A-A collisions described by hydrodynamics, has been attributed to smaller collision systems – p-A and even p-p collisions – based on recent analysis of LHC data. However, alternative methods reveal that some data features attributed to flows are actually manifestations of minimum-bias (MB) jets. In this presentation I review the differential structure of single-particle pt spectra from SPS to LHC energies in the context of a two-component (soft + hard) model (TCM) of hadron production. I relate the spectrum hard component to measured properties of isolated jets. I use the spectrum TCM to predict accurately the systematics of ensemble-mean p̅t in p-p, p-A and A-A collision systems over a large energy interval. Detailed comparisons of the TCM with spectrum and correlation data suggest that MB jets play a dominant role in hadron production near midrapidity. Claimed flow phenomena are better explained as jet manifestations agreeing quantitatively with measured jet properties.
Flow and correlation phenomena measurements in pp, pPb and PbPb collisions at CMS
Authors: S. Padula Sandra
Published: January 2018

The quark-gluon plasma created in high energy collisions of large nuclei exhibits strong anisotropic collective behavior as a nearly perfect fluid, flowing with little frictional resistance or viscosity. It has been investigated extensively over the past years employing two or more particle correlations. An overview of collective flow and particle correlation measurements at CMS as a function of transverse momentum, pseudorapidity, event multiplicity, for both charged hadrons or identified particles will be presented. These results are compared among pp, pPb and PbPb systems and several aspects of their intriguing similarities are discussed.
Medium response to jets in heavy ion collisions
Authors: Tachibana Yasuki
Published: January 2018

A short overview on recent progress in studies of medium response to jet quenching in heavy ion collisions is presented. We show the typical features of medium response and give comment on their connection to jet observables by introducing the work done by the author and collaborators as an example.
Photoproduction of Upsilon states in ultraperipheral collisions at the LHC
Authors: Machado Magno
Published: January 2018

The exclusive photoproduction of upsilon states is investigated in the context of ultra-peripheral collisions at the LHC energies. Predictions are presented for their production in proton-proton, proton-nucleus and nucleus-nucleus collisions at the energies available at the LHC run 2. The theoretical framework considered in the analysis is the light-cone color dipole formalism, which includes consistently parton saturation effects and nuclear shadowing corrections. For PbPb collisions we consider both the coherent and incoherent contributions.
3 parton production at DIS at small x
Authors: Hentschinski Martin
Published: January 2018

We use the spinor helicity formalism to calculate the cross section for production of three partons of a given polarization in Deep Inelastic Scattering (DIS) off proton and nucleus targets at small Bjorken x. The target proton or nucleus is treated as a classical color field (shock wave) from which the produced partons scatter multiple times. The resulting expressions are used to study azimuthal angular correlations between produced partons in order to probe the gluon structure of the target hadron or nucleus as well as to study energy loss in DIS reactions.
Elastic and inelastic diffraction at the LHC
Authors: Jenkovszky László , Szanyi István
Published: January 2018

New phenomena discovered at the LHC in nearly forward scattering are discussed. The properties of elastic and inelastic diffraction are related due to Regge factorisation and pomeron dominance.
Exclusive diffractive results from ATLAS, CMS, LHCb, TOTEM at the LHC
Authors: Royon Christophe
Published: January 2018

In this report, we describe the most recent on exclusive diffraction from the ATLAS, CMS, LHCb, TOTEM experiments at the LHC
Measurement of the cosmic ray spectrum and chemical composition in the 1015-1018 eV energy range
Authors: Chiavassa Andrea
Published: January 2018

Cosmic ray in the 1015–1018 eV energy range can only be detected with ground based experiments, sampling Extensive Air Showers (EAS) particles. The interest in this energetic interval is related to the search of the knee of the iron component of cosmic ray and to the study of the transition between galactic and extra-galactic primaries. The energy and mass calibration of these arrays can only be performed with complete EAS simulations as no sources are available for an absolute calibration. The systematic error on the energy assignment can be estimated around 30 ± 10%. The all particle spectrum measured in this energy range is more structured than previously thought, showing some faint features: a hardening slightly above 1016 eV and a steepening below 1017 eV. The studies of the primary chemical composition are quickly evolving towards the measurements of the primary spectra of different mass groups: up to now we are able to separate (on a event by event basis) light and heavy primaries. Above the knee a steepening of the heavy primary spectrum and a hardening of the light ones have been detected.
Neutron stars velocities and magnetic fields
Authors: Paret Daryel Manreza , Martinez A. Perez , Ayala Alejandro. , Piccinelli G. , Sanchez A.
Published: January 2018

We study a model that explain neutron stars velocities due to the anisotropic emission of neutrinos. Strong magnetic fields present in neutron stars are the source of the anisotropy in the system. To compute the velocity of the neutron star we model its core as composed by strange quark matter and analice the properties of a magnetized quark gas at finite temperature and density. Specifically we have obtained the electron polarization and the specific heat of magnetized fermions as a functions of the temperature, chemical potential and magnetic field which allow us to study the velocity of the neutron star as a function of these parameters.
Two solar proton fluence models based on ground level enhancement observations
Authors: Raukunen Osku , Vainio Rami , Tylka Allan J. , Dietrich William F. , Jiggens Piers , Heynderickx Daniel , Dierckxsens Mark , Crosby Norma , Ganse Urs , Siipola Robert
Published: January 2018

Solar energetic particles (SEPs) constitute an important component of the radiation environment in interplanetary space. Accurate modeling of SEP events is crucial for the mitigation of radiation hazards in spacecraft design. In this study we present two new statistical models of high energy solar proton fluences based on ground level enhancement (GLE) observations during solar cycles 19–24. As the basis of our modeling, we utilize a four parameter double power law function (known as the Band function) fits to integral GLE fluence spectra in rigidity. In the first model, the integral and differential fluences for protons with energies between 10 MeV and 1 GeV are calculated using the fits, and the distributions of the fluences at certain energies are modeled with an exponentially cut-off power law function. In the second model, we use a more advanced methodology: by investigating the distributions and relationships of the spectral fit parameters we find that they can be modeled as two independent and two dependent variables. Therefore, instead of modeling the fluences separately at different energies, we can model the shape of the fluence spectrum. We present examples of modeling results and show that the two methodologies agree well except for a short mission duration (1 year) at low confidence level. We also show that there is a reasonable agreement between our models and three well-known solar proton models (JPL, ESP and SEPEM), despite the differences in both the modeling methodologies and the data used to construct the models.
Automated coronal hole identification via multi-thermal intensity segmentation
Authors: Garton Tadhg M. , Gallagher Peter T. , Murray Sophie A.
Published: January 2018

Coronal holes (CH) are regions of open magnetic fields that appear as dark areas in the solar corona due to their low density and temperature compared to the surrounding quiet corona. To date, accurate identification and segmentation of CHs has been a difficult task due to their comparable intensity to local quiet Sun regions. Current segmentation methods typically rely on the use of single Extreme Ultra-Violet passband and magnetogram images to extract CH information. Here, the coronal hole identification via multi-thermal emission recognition algorithm (CHIMERA) is described, which analyses multi-thermal images from the atmospheric image assembly (AIA) onboard the solar dynamics observatory (SDO) to segment coronal hole boundaries by their intensity ratio across three passbands (171 Å, 193 Å, and 211 Å). The algorithm allows accurate extraction of CH boundaries and many of their properties, such as area, position, latitudinal and longitudinal width, and magnetic polarity of segmented CHs. From these properties, a clear linear relationship was identified between the duration of geomagnetic storms and coronal hole areas. CHIMERA can therefore form the basis of more accurate forecasting of the start and duration of geomagnetic storms.
Dakryoendoskopische Tränenwegschirurgie – Einflussfaktoren auf das postoperative Ergebnis
Authors: Völkerling Anna , Struck Hans-Gert , Kunert Kathleen , Schmidt-Pokrzywniak Andrea , Fiorentzis Miltiadis , Viestenz Arne , Heichel Jens
Published: January 2018

Hintergrund Die Dakryoendoskopie (DE) gilt als etablierte Methode der minimalinvasiven Tränenwegschirurgie. Langzeituntersuchungen zum Behandlungserfolg dieser Therapiemethode sind von großer Bedeutung. Hierbei sollten Einflussfaktoren auf das postoperative Ergebnis Berücksichtigung finden, um eine angepasste Patientenauswahl im Vorfeld der Behandlung treffen zu können.

Material und Methoden Es fand eine Auswertung des Patientenguts in Form einer retrospektiven Studie statt. Anhand eines festgelegten Fragebogens erfolgte prospektiv eine Follow-up-Analyse. Prä- und intraoperative Einflussfaktoren wurden mit dem Behandlungserfolg korreliert. Dieser definierte sich durch eine deutlich gebesserte oder fehlende Epiphora, das Fehlen einer erneuten tränenwegschirurgischen Operation und die Freiheit von Zeichen einer chronischen Dakryozystitis (Sekretion, Schmerzen in der Tränensackregion). Zusätzlich wurde die subjektive Zufriedenheit der Patienten mit dem Ergebnis der Operation erfragt (kategorisiert in „sehr gut“, „gut“, „unzureichend“ und „schlecht“).

Ergebnisse Insgesamt wurden 215 DE von 182 Patienten (130 Frauen, 52 Männer) in die Follow-up-Analyse eingeschlossen. Das Durchschnittsalter betrug 58 ± 17 Jahre (Altersspanne: 18 bis 91 Jahre). Die Nachbeobachtungszeit lag bei 31 bis 77 Monaten (Median: 55 Monate). Der Behandlungserfolg betrug im Nachbeobachtungszeitraum 59,1%, wobei weder Patientenalter noch Geschlecht Einfluss nahmen. Im Vergleich zu absoluten Stenosen ist der Operationserfolg bei relativen Stenosen doppelt so hoch (p = 0,02). Eine Tränensackektasie führt mit einem 1,9-fach erhöhten Risiko zum Misserfolg (p = 0,01). Es bestand ein Trend zu schlechteren Heilungsraten bei postsakkaler Stenosenlokalisation (p = 0,2) und einem Patientenalter von mehr als 49 Jahren (p = 0,1). Das Ergebnis der Operation wurde in 32,1% mit „sehr gut“ und in 30,2% mit „gut“ bewertet.

Schlussfolgerung Die DE eignet sich mit ihrem minimalinvasiven Vorgehen als „first-step procedure“. Das Ausbleiben einer Narbe und die schnelle Genesung sind für Patienten von starker Bedeutung. Medizinisch bedeutsam ist, dass die topografische Anatomie erhalten bleibt und somit alle Therapieoptionen im Falle erneut notwendiger Operationen bewahrt werden. Patienten mit relativen Stenosen und prä- bis intrasakkaler Lokalisation profitieren in besonderem Maße von dieser Art der Intervention.
An electron beam linear scanning mode for industrial limited-angle nano-computed tomography
Authors: Wang Chengxiang , Zeng Li , Yu Wei , Zhang Lingli , Guo Yumeng , Gong Changcheng
Published: January 2018

Nano-computed tomography (nano-CT), which utilizes X-rays to research the inner structure of some small objects and has been widely utilized in biomedical research, electronic technology, geology, material sciences, etc., is a high spatial resolution and non-destructive research technique. A traditional nano-CT scanning model with a very high mechanical precision and stability of object manipulator, which is difficult to reach when the scanned object is continuously rotated, is required for high resolution imaging. To reduce the scanning time and attain a stable and high resolution imaging in industrial non-destructive testing, we study an electron beam linear scanning mode of nano-CT system that can avoid mechanical vibration and object movement caused by the continuously rotated object. Furthermore, to further save the scanning time and study how small the scanning range could be considered with acceptable spatial resolution, an alternating iterative algorithm based on ℓ0 minimization is utilized to limited-angle nano-CT reconstruction problem with the electron beam linear scanning mode. The experimental results confirm the feasibility of the electron beam linear scanning mode of nano-CT system.
Impact of embedded voids on thin-films with high thermal expansion coefficients mismatch
Authors: Khafagy Khaled H. , Hatem Tarek M. , Bedair Salah M.
Published: January 2018

Using technology to reduce defects at heterogeneous interfaces of thin-films is at a high-priority for modern semiconductors. The current work utilizes a three-dimensional multiple-slip crystal-plasticity model and specialized finite-element formulations to study the impact of the embedded void approach (EVA) to reduce defects in thin-films deposited on a substrate with a highly mismatched thermal expansion coefficient, in particular, the growth of an InGaN thin-film on a Si substrate, where EVA has shown a remarkable reduction in stresses on the side of the embedded voids.
High-frequency rectification in graphene lateral p-n junctions
Authors: Vasilyev Yu. B. , Vasileva G. Yu. , Novikov S. , Tarasenko S. A. , Danilov S. N. , Ganichev S. D.
Published: January 2018

We observe a dc electric current in response to terahertz radiation in lateral inter-digitated double-comb graphene p-n junctions. The junctions were fabricated by selective ultraviolet irradiation inducing p-type doping in intrinsic n-type epitaxial monolayer graphene. The photocurrent exhibits a strong polarization dependence and is explained by electric rectification in p-n junctions.
A study of Chinese repetitive adverbs “hai (還)” and “zai (再)” from a cross-linguistic perspective
Authors: Zhang Ying
Published: January 2018

Comparisons of Chinese adverbs hai and zai is a long-standing topic in Chinese linguistics. Previous studies tend to mix up different uses of hai and zai, often leading to unnecessary confusion. This study focuses on the repetition use of these two adverbs, and demonstrates that in two syntactic environments – sentences with and without quantitative phrases – the nuances between hai and zai can both be captured by the hypothesis that “[+increasing]” is more essential for zai to deliver the repetition reading while “[+similar]” is more essential for hai to deliver the same reading. Based on conceptual correlations shared cross-linguistically, it is argued that the “[+similar]” feature facilitates the shift from the notion “inverted-sequence” to the notion “repetition” whereas the “[+increasing]” feature serves as an indispensable link between the notion “increment” and the notion “repetition”. Therefore, for the notion “repetition”, it is widely seen that a variety of languages use two devices to code it, one emphasizing the “[+similar]” feature and the other emphasizing the “[+increasing]” feature, and Chinese hai and zai is just one of such cases. In this way, the cross-linguistic perspective is proved to offer insights to explorations on language-specific issues as it provides accounts that are deep-rooted in the conceptual level.
Definiteness in written Swedish by Finnish-speaking immersion pupils
at the end of immersion
Authors: Nyqvist Eeva-Liisa
Published: January 2018

There are two primary goals for this study – first, to analyse definiteness
and article use in spontaneous writing in Swedish by 15-year-old Finnish
immersion students (n = 162) and secondly, to compare their
performance with that of non-immersion students at the same age
(n = 67). Analyses at the group level show that immersion
students usually perform significantly better than the control group, but they
also reveal similar problems to what L2-Swedish non-immersion students have
demonstrated in previous studies, such as omission of indefinite articles and
difficulty in choosing the right definite form of the noun. Still, these
inaccuracies occurred less often in the data from the immersion students. The
studied constructions also show at the group level an acquisition order similar
to that reported in previous studies, explainable by different aspects of
complexity and cross-linguistic influence. Analyses on the individual level,
however, show different acquisition orders depending on the criteria being
used.
CLIL at the linguistic interfaces
Authors: Gutiérrez-Mangado M. Juncal , Martínez-Adrián María
Published: January 2018

This study explores the effect of CLIL on the acquisition of nominal morphology (syntax-morphology interface) and article use (syntax-semantics-discourse-interface), linguistic areas that have been scarcely investigated in CLIL settings. Here we compare article omission and overuse errors in an oral production task performed by L1 Basque-Spanish learners of L3 English in two CLIL and non-CLIL groups matching in age at testing time and amount of exposure. Results indicate that as regards nominal morphology, CLIL and non-CLIL learners are equal in terms of the omission of the definite and the indefinite article, but CLIL learners learn to solve article overuse more quickly than non-CLIL learners. Taking together these results and the findings from our previous study (Martínez-Adrián & Gutiérrez-Mangado, 2015a), which revealed the non-existence of CLIL benefits with respect to the acquisition of verbal morphology, we conclude that while the syntax-morphology interface seems to be unaffected by CLIL, CLIL can aid in the acquisition of features from the syntax-semantics-discourse interface.
Assessment for learning in the CLIL classroom
Authors: Basse Rachel
Published: January 2018

This article summarizes the findings of a corpus-based study investigating assessment for learning (AfL) and its relationship to motivation in CLIL contexts. Using a mixed methods approach, classroom recordings from bilingual primary schools in Madrid, Spain, were analyzed to identify motivational strategies used by teachers. The relationship between these strategies and the AfL techniques implemented by teachers was then examined.

The findings show that the implementation of AfL coincided with an increase in frequency, length of time of use, and variety of teacher motivational strategies. This led to classes in which activities were supported by a more motivational discourse. A qualitative analysis of the corpus shows that the incorporation of AfL techniques coincided with several motivational strategies for language learning. The findings contribute to an understanding of how the use of AfL techniques may contribute to integrating motivational strategies in a more systematic way in the CLIL educational context.
The transformative hotel.
Authors: Smith J.
Published: January 2018

This chapter explores what a transformative hotel might look like, discussing aspects such as zero waste, carbon offsets, carbon emission reduction, clean energy, zero water, sustainable menu, and the proper treatment of staff.
Transforming travel experiences.
Authors: Smith J.
Published: January 2018

This chapter explores ways to transform travel experiences, including how to transform the way tourists and guides interact, how to ensure that tours have a positive social impact, and how to offer transformative experiences to everyone.
Transforming places.
Authors: Smith J.
Published: January 2018

This chapter discusses the difference between place and destination and discusses a number of ways to ensure that tourism places flourish (namely, through regulation, taxation, intervention, and collaboration). The chapter also briefly discusses how tourism can support biomimicry and rewilding.
Transforming transport.
Authors: Smith J.
Published: January 2018

This chapter discusses (i) the role of transport in delivering sustainable tourism; (ii) the implications of the ongoing growth in aviation; and (iii) how tourism can support more sustainable transport alternatives.
Transforming communication.
Authors: Smith J.
Published: January 2018

This chapter discusses how social media can transform tourism and how communication can support transformative tourism.
Impact of combined adult vitamin D deficiency and second-hit exposures on brain function.
Authors: Al-Amin M. M. , Sullivan R. K. P. , Jaeschke K. N. , Burne T. H. J.
Published: January 2018

Epidemiological and rodent studies suggest an association between vitamin D deficiency and brain disorders. To date, many mechanisms have been proposed to explain the role of vitamin D on brain function. However, no causal relationship between vitamin D deficiency and a specific brain disorder has been established. It is plausible that exposure to an additional insult alters the vulnerability of the brain to vitamin D deficiency. To our knowledge, a limited number of rodent studies have combined the second-hit insult (e.g. inflammation) with adult vitamin D (AVD) deficiency to examine brain outcomes. This review summarized the impact of multiple second-hit exposures on AVD-deficient animal models. AVD deficiency has been shown to impair hippocampal-dependent cognition in several experimental models, suggesting that the hippocampus could be a critical region in measuring the impact of a combined exposure. We suggest that AVD deficiency, coupled with an additional insult, could impair hippocampal-dependent cognition in a range of brain disorders and provide possible avenues for future research.
Selenium as an essential nutrient: the case for supplementation in ruminant nutrition to improve animal health and human nutrition.
Authors: Salles M. S. V. , Netto A. S. , Zanetti M. A.
Published: January 2018

Selenium (Se) is an essential element in animal nutrition and metabolism. Research began with the study of Se toxicity, followed years later by the study of its deficiency; however, problems caused by Se deficiency are the most common. Several studies have investigated the effect of Se on the antioxidant and immune systems. Livestock animals, especially those reared in intensive management systems, are subjected to high levels of oxidative stress that can affect health, performance and the quality and stability of meat and milk. Part of those studies have used doses above the recommended intake and found positive responses, particularly in the immune system of ruminants. The objective of this review was to describe the function of Se as an essential nutrient and its effect on the metabolism, and to discuss the need to revise the recommendations for ruminant nutrition to values slightly above the nutritional requirements, but always below toxic levels, so that Se can exert its full function in the organism and improve animal health and human nutrition.
Seasoning ingredients in a medium–fat diet regulate lipid metabolism in peripheral tissues via the hypothalamic–pituitary axis in growing rats
Authors: Tanaka Mitsuru , Yasuoka Akihito , Yoshinuma Haruka , Saito Yoshikazu , Asakura Tomiko , Tanabe Soichi
Published: January 2018

We fed rats noodle (N) -diet containing 30 wt.% instant noodle with a 26% fat-to-energy ratio for 30 days (N-group). Compared with rats that were fed the same amount of nutrients (C-group), the N-group showed lower liver triacylglycerol levels and higher fecal cholesterol levels. We then analyzed transcriptome of the hypothalamic–pituitary (HP), the liver and the white adipose tissue (WAT). Thyroid stimulating hormone (Tshb), and its partner, glycoprotein hormone genes were up-regulated in the HP of N-group. Sterol regulatory element binding transcription factors were activated in the liver of N-group, while an up-regulation of the angiogenic signal occurred in the WAT of N-group. N-group showed higher urine noradrenaline (NA) level suggesting that these tissue signals are regulated by NA and Tshb. The N-diet contains 0.326 wt.% glutamate, 0.00236 wt.% 6-shogaol and Maillard reaction products. Our results suggest that these ingredients may affect lipid homeostasis via the HP axis.
An ancient Sec10–formin fusion provides insights into actin-mediated regulation of exocytosis
Authors: van Gisbergen Peter A.C. , Wu Shu-Zon , Chang Mingqin , Pattavina Kelli A. , Bartlett Madelaine E. , Bezanilla Magdalena
Published: January 2018

Exocytosis, facilitated by the exocyst, is fundamentally important for remodeling cell walls and membranes. Here, we analyzed For1F, a novel gene that encodes a fusion of an exocyst subunit (Sec10) and an actin nucleation factor (formin). We showed that the fusion occurred early in moss evolution and has been retained for more than 170 million years. In Physcomitrella patens, For1F is essential, and the expressed protein is a fusion of Sec10 and formin. Reduction of For1F or actin filaments inhibits exocytosis, and For1F dynamically associates with Sec6, another exocyst subunit, in an actin-dependent manner. Complementation experiments demonstrate that constitutive expression of either half of the gene or the paralogous Sec10b rescues loss of For1F, suggesting that fusion of the two domains is not essential, consistent with findings in yeast, where formin and the exocyst are linked noncovalently. Although not essential, the fusion may have had selective advantages and provides a unique opportunity to probe actin regulation of exocytosis.
Molecular and functional identification of a novel photopigment in Pecten ciliary photoreceptors
Authors: Arenas Oscar , Osorno Tomás , Malagón Gerardo , Pulido Camila , Gomez María del Pilar , Nasi Enrico
Published: January 2018

The two basic animal photoreceptor types, ciliary and microvillar, use different light-transduction schemes: their photopigments couple to Gt versus Gq proteins, respectively, to either mobilize cyclic nucleotides or trigger a lipid signaling cascade. A third class of photoreceptors has been described in the dual retina of some marine invertebrates; these present a ciliary morphology but operate via radically divergent mechanisms, prompting the suggestion that they comprise a novel lineage of light sensors. In one of these organisms, an uncommon putative opsin was uncovered that was proposed to signal through Go. Orthologues subsequently emerged in diverse phyla, including mollusks, echinoderms, and chordates, but the cells in which they express have not been identified, and no studies corroborated their function as visual pigments or their suggested signaling mode. Conversely, in only one invertebrate species, Pecten irradians, have the ciliary photoreceptors been physiologically characterized, but their photopigment has not been identified molecularly. We used the transcriptome of Pecten retina to guide the cloning by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE) extensions of a new member of this group of putative opsins. In situ hybridization shows selective transcription in the distal retina, and specific antibodies identify a single band of the expected molecular mass in Western blots and distinctly label ciliary photoreceptors in retina sections. RNA interference knockdown resulted in a reduction in the early receptor current—the first manifestation of light transduction—and prevented the prolonged aftercurrent, which requires a large buildup of activated rhodopsin. We also obtained a full-length clone of the α-subunit of a Go from Pecten retina complementary DNA and localized it by in situ hybridization to the distal photoreceptors. Small interfering RNA targeting this Go caused a specific depression of the photocurrent. These results establish this novel putative opsin as a bona fide visual pigment that couples to Go to convey the light signal.
The Irony of Diversity Numbers
Authors: Urciuoli Bonnie
Published: January 2018

This article compares “official” college representations of race as diversity with narratives by students of color about racialized experience, with particular attention to the metasemiotic principles governing the first and the discursive organization of the second. Colleges and universities (like other contemporary organizations) represent race as a set of equally weighted, equally ordered demographic categories not explicitly differing in markedness, presented as if universal and deployed in accounts of institutional progress. Students of color (racially marked) talk about their experiences of race in relation to whiteness (unmarkedness). Colleges and universities rely on these students to provide the numbers for representations of progress but too often ignore the conditions that make their experiences so difficult, as those are also the conditions that match the habitus of the elite white students who constitute the school’s primary market.
Preliminary Disciplines
Authors: Mannheim Bruce
Published: January 2018

The commonplace division of labor between linguistics and linguistic anthropology, on the one hand, and sociology and social anthropology, on the other, is predicated on a nominalist error, the belief that institutionally embedded and named fields denote discrete phenomena. An influential and much-cited twentieth-century bellwether of this division was Susanne Langer’s distinction between “discursive” and “presentational” form, a polythetic distinction that tacitly constructed a metaphysic. An examination of social interaction in its most elementary form suggests that no such distinction is warranted and that, instead, a systematic account of social interaction transcends the boundaries of these and several additional “preliminary disciplines.”
Twitter, Trump, and the Base: A Shift to a New Form of Presidential Talk?
Authors: Stolee Galen , Caton Steve
Published: January 2018

The 2016 US Presidential campaign saw the meteoric rise to power of Donald J. Trump, unprecedented perhaps in the history of American politics not only for its style but also for its unswerving “address” (Lempert and Silverstein 2012) to a “base” that was large enough to give Trump an electoral college victory. This talk was connected most distinctively (though of course not exclusively) to the social media platform Twitter. This article provides what is arguably the first anthropological linguistic analysis of Twitter, while also interrogating for the first time Trump’s use of Twitter as a speech practice. It is no doubt too soon to tell, but it is suggested here that rather than the broad-spectrum address of the message that has heretofore characterized much of the history of presidential campaigns, Trump’s social-media address to a base may mark a shift in the rise of presidential talk to come.
Divided Values, Shadow Languages: Positioning and Perspective in Linguistic Ideologies
Authors: Irvine Judith T.
Published: January 2018

“Linguistic ideology,” a field of inquiry opened by Michael Silverstein, has become a major topic in semiotically oriented disciplines. This article focuses on an important aspect of ideology (linguistic or otherwise): its connection with social positioning, point of view, and differentiation. Two sets of examples, mainly from fieldwork in Senegal, are drawn upon to illustrate that connection. One set concerns people living in the same community but differing in the ideologized values and projects through which they interpret linguistic practices. The other set concerns people who are relative strangers, speaking languages that are not their native tongues—in ways that can reveal Whorfian effects from the native language that rests in the background. Although these two sets of examples are initially drawn upon to emphasize different points, the article argues that they differ more in degree than in kind. Both illustrate how social positioning is tied to differences in ideologized interpretation and, more generally, that where there is ideology, there is differentiation.
Ancient Ideologies of Ineffability and Their Echoes
Authors: Janowitz Naomi
Published: January 2018

Ancient ideas about the limits of what can be put into words demonstrate the popularity of the notion that language is a guide to truth, even if that truth is defined by the limits of language. Two ancient and one modern example all locate truth in a reality that can be tracked both by the possibility of and the inherent failure of definition. Ancient exegetes started with the basic concept that words were both names for objects and the best formal representations of divinity. Yet names were not capable of fully defining ineffable divinity. These two ideologies—that names formally represent divinity and yet fail to completely describe divinity—coexisted in a delicate balance. The theme of divine ineffability, first articulated as part of a theology emphasizing the complete power of the deity over matter, has been adopted by modern scholars and converted to a theory to locate reality in hard-to-define personal experiences. The ineffable as what cannot be spoken about shifts focus from divinity to the self (the locus of modern experience).
Deriving the Derivative
Authors: Lee Benjamin
Published: January 2018

The anthropology of finance has been dominated by ethnographic field research and the performativity thesis advanced by Donald Mackenzie and Michel Callon. This essay takes a different tack and proposes a semiotic framework to look at the central concept in derivative finance, that of volatility. Volatility has also been increasingly important in our contemporary culture and politics of volatility, suggesting that the implications of the concept touch upon far more than just finance. I trace the development of the Black-Scholes model for pricing options from its initial use as a foundation for a “physics of finance” to its current use to calculate the “implied volatility” of trillions of dollars of derivative contracts on a daily basis. At the same time, the use of Black-Scholes to calculate implied volatility violates one of the fundamental presuppositions of the model, and I argue that instead of being part of a “physics of finance,” Black-Scholes now functions more like the discourse-indexical component of a “leaky grammar of prices.”
Target Organ Damage and Target Systolic Blood Pressure in Clinical Practice: The Campania Salute Network
Authors: D’Amato Andrea , Mancusi Costantino , Losi Maria Angela , Izzo Raffaele , Arnone Maria Immacolata , Canciello Grazia , Senese Salvatore , De Luca Nicola , de Simone Giovanni , Trimarco Bruno
Published: January 2018

BACKGROUND

Lowering systolic blood pressure (SBP) below the conventional threshold (140 mm Hg) reduces left ventricular (LV) hypertrophy and incident cardiovascular (CV) events. We assessed whether different thresholds of SBP as the average value during follow-up (FU) have different impact on changes in target organ damage (TOD).

METHODS

From the Campania Salute Network registry, we selected 4,148 hypertensive patients with average SBP-FU <140 mm Hg, and without history of prevalent CV or chronic kidney disease (i.e., <stage IV CKD). Patients were divided in “Tight” (SBP-FU <130 mm Hg) or “Usual” (SBP-FU ≥130) BP control. At baseline and at the last available control visit, we assessed LV mass index (LVMi, g/m2.7), carotid intimal-medial thickness (IMT, mm), and glomerular filtration rate by CKD-EPI equation (GFR, ml/min/1.73 m2) as markers of TOD. Time trend of TOD for tight and usual subgroups were compared, adjusting for significant confounders.

RESULTS

During a median of 74 months (interquartile range: 35–108 months), 1,824 patients (44%) were classified as tight control. They were younger, with less prevalent obesity, diabetes, lower initial LVMi, and IMT, and were taking less Ca++-channel blockers during FU than the usual control subgroup (all P < 0.05). In both subgroups, there were no changes over time in LVMi and GFR, whereas the IMT increased during the FU (P < 0.004), with no significant effect of degree of SBP control.

CONCLUSIONS

In a registry of treated hypertensive patients from a tertiary care center, progression of TODs is not related to average SBP during FU.
Long-term outcome of a mental health promotion program in Germany
Authors: Lyssenko Lisa , Müller Gerhard , Kleindienst Nikolaus , Schmahl Christian , Berger Mathias , Eifert Georg , Kölle Alexander , Nesch Siegmar , Ommer-Hohl Jutta , Wenner Michael , Bohus Martin
Published: January 2018

Mental health promotion programs (MHP) seek to reduce sub-syndromal symptoms of mental distress and enhance positive mental health. This study evaluates the long-term effects of a mindfulness-based MHP program (‘Life Balance’) provided by health coaches in a multi-site field setting on mental distress, satisfaction with life and resilience. Using a controlled design, propensity score matching was used to select a control group for participants of the MHP. The total study sample (N = 3624) comprised 83% women, with a mean age of 50 years. Data was collected via mailings 1 year after study entry. Results suggest participants experience reduced emotional distress at 12-month follow-up, with a medium between-group effect size (d = 0.40) for those participants who showed clinically relevant symptoms of mental distress at study entry. The effects of the program were more pronounced in participants with higher initial distress scores. New cases of psychopathological symptoms were prevented in 1 of 16 participants. Satisfaction with life and resilience were enhanced significantly. Our data suggest ‘Life Balance’ shows long-term effectiveness and indicate it is possible to design MHP programs that serve as both primary and indicated prevention, and that these programs can be applied on a population basis.
Additional Information for Therapists
Authors: Barlow David H. , Farchione Todd J. , Sauer-Zavala Shannon , Latin Heather Murray , Ellard Kristen K. , Bullis Jacqueline R. , Bentley Kate H. , Boettcher Hannah T. , Cassiello-Robbins Clair
Published: January 2018

Chapter 3 of Unified Protocol for Transdiagnostic Treatment of Emotional Disorders: Therapist Guide covers assessment, monitoring, and medication. The chapter also clarifies who will benefit from the UP program as well as the benefits for patients of using the corresponding workbook. This chapter addresses what to do if other emotional problems are present and who should administer the program.
Session 1: Functional Assessment and Introduction to Treatment
Authors: Barlow David H. , Farchione Todd J. , Sauer-Zavala Shannon , Latin Heather Murray , Ellard Kristen K. , Bullis Jacqueline R. , Bentley Kate H. , Boettcher Hannah T. , Cassiello-Robbins Clair
Published: January 2018

Chapter 5 of Unified Protocol for Transdiagnostic Treatment of Emotional Disorders: Therapist Guide is designed to provide a review of the patient’s presenting problems and diagnoses within the context of the emotional disorder framework. This is an opportunity for the therapist to start identifying how the patient’s experience fits into a transdiagnostic model emphasizing frequent strong emotions and aversive, avoidant responses to these emotions. This first session also emphasizes the importance of cultural factors and then provides patients with an introduction to the treatment protocol.
Module 1: Setting Goals and Maintaining Motivation
Authors: Barlow David H. , Farchione Todd J. , Sauer-Zavala Shannon , Latin Heather Murray , Ellard Kristen K. , Bullis Jacqueline R. , Bentley Kate H. , Boettcher Hannah T. , Cassiello-Robbins Clair
Published: January 2018

Chapter 6 of Unified Protocol for Transdiagnostic Treatment of Emotional Disorders: Therapist Guide was designed to help patients clarify the top problem areas in which emotions interfere with their ability to function and to begin to identify concrete steps to take in order to achieve the desired change. This module provides two exercises for enhancing the motivation necessary in initiating this type of treatment program and can be reviewed as needed throughout the course of treatment. The purpose of this module is to maximize the patient’s readiness for change and increase motivation to engage in treatment. Troubleshooting problems with filling out the forms is also covered.
Module 6: Understanding and Confronting Physical Sensations
Authors: Barlow David H. , Farchione Todd J. , Sauer-Zavala Shannon , Latin Heather Murray , Ellard Kristen K. , Bullis Jacqueline R. , Bentley Kate H. , Boettcher Hannah T. , Cassiello-Robbins Clair
Published: January 2018

Chapter 11 of Unified Protocol for Transdiagnostic Treatment of Emotional Disorders: Therapist Guide focuses on interoceptive exposure, or exposure to physical sensations that are associated with (and can sometimes trigger) intense emotions. The exercises described in the UP workbook are designed to assist patients in gaining further awareness of physical sensations that are part of an emotional reaction. Further, these exercises, and continued exposures focused on physical sensations, are expected to help patients learn to tolerate and think differently about the sensations and provide an opportunity to break the conditioned association between the sensations and strong emotions such as fear, anxiety, and sadness.
Module 7: Emotion Exposures
Authors: Barlow David H. , Farchione Todd J. , Sauer-Zavala Shannon , Latin Heather Murray , Ellard Kristen K. , Bullis Jacqueline R. , Bentley Kate H. , Boettcher Hannah T. , Cassiello-Robbins Clair
Published: January 2018

Chapter 12 of Unified Protocol for Transdiagnostic Treatment of Emotional Disorders: Therapist Guide focuses on Emotion Exposures. These are exercises designed specifically to provoke strong emotional responses so that patients can put into practice the skills they have developed thus far in therapy. Following a brief introduction to the concept of Emotion Exposures and the rationale for engaging in these exercises, therapists assist patients to gradually confront internal and external stimuli that produce intense emotional reactions while helping them modify their responses to those emotions. Therapists will help patients incorporate the skills learned in therapy (present-focused awareness, nonjudgment, cognitive reappraisal) into their exposure practice and address any emotion avoidance (or other behaviors) that may impede treatment progress.
Medications for Anxiety, Depression, and Related Emotional Disorders
Authors: Barlow David H. , Farchione Todd J. , Sauer-Zavala Shannon , Latin Heather Murray , Ellard Kristen K. , Bullis Jacqueline R. , Bentley Kate H. , Boettcher Hannah T. , Cassiello-Robbins Clair
Published: January 2018

Chapter 13 of Unified Protocol for Transdiagnostic Treatment of Emotional Disorders: Therapist Guide provides information for the therapist and does not correspond to a particular therapy session. There is tremendous variability in the extent to which individuals use medication, psychological treatment, or some combination of the two. If a particular patient is using medication, discontinuation may be addressed toward the end of therapy when patients are beginning to feel better and more confident in their ability to manage their symptoms without medication. This chapter addresses some reasons for medication use and how medication use might affect treatment. It also provides information on how medications can be discontinued.
Module 8: Recognizing Accomplishments and Looking to the Future
Authors: Barlow David H. , Farchione Todd J. , Sauer-Zavala Shannon , Latin Heather Murray , Ellard Kristen K. , Bullis Jacqueline R. , Bentley Kate H. , Boettcher Hannah T. , Cassiello-Robbins Clair
Published: January 2018

Chapter 14 of Unified Protocol for Transdiagnostic Treatment of Emotional Disorders: Therapist Guide evaluates the patient’s progress and to plan for the future. Therapists will also reinforce the skills learned in treatment, review key treatment concepts, and help patients develop strategies for preventing “relapse.” Additionally, this chapter is used to address symptom recurrence and how patients can maintain treatment gains in the long term.
What Are Emotional Disorders?
Authors: Barlow David H. , Sauer-Zavala Shannon , Farchione Todd J. , Latin Heather Murray , Ellard Kristen K. , Bullis Jacqueline R. , Bentley Kate H. , Boettcher Hannah T. , Cassiello-Robbins Clair
Published: January 2018

Chapter 1 of Unified Protocol for Transdiagnostic Treatment of Emotional Disorders: Workbook describes the types of problems the Unified Protocol (UP) program was designed to address. The chapter begins by defining emotional disorders, which are characterized by the frequent experience of strong emotions, negative reactions to these emotional experiences, and efforts to escape or avoid them. Next, the types of disorders that that fit within the larger class of emotional disorders, and are addressed by the is treatment, are described. Finally, this chapter helps readers determine whether this treatment is a good fit for the types of problems they are experiencing.
Understanding Your Emotions—What Is an Emotion?
Authors: Barlow David H. , Sauer-Zavala Shannon , Farchione Todd J. , Latin Heather Murray , Ellard Kristen K. , Bullis Jacqueline R. , Bentley Kate H. , Boettcher Hannah T. , Cassiello-Robbins Clair
Published: January 2018

Chapter 5 of Unified Protocol for Transdiagnostic Treatment of Emotional Disorders: Workbook teaches that emotions are necessary and helpful in our day-to-day lives and explains why we wouldn’t actually want to get rid of all “bad” feelings. Instead of getting rid of negative emotions, the goal of this treatment is to help people respond differently when these emotions come up. The chapter looks at how emotions (such as fear, sadness, anxiety, and anger, as well as positive emotions, like happiness, excitement, and pride) can go from providing useful input to feeling totally overwhelming. Emotional experiences are made less overwhelming by breaking them down into more manageable parts—thoughts, physical sensations, and behaviors.