bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Computer Vision Syndrome Prevalence and Ocular Sequelae among Medical Students: A University-Wide Study on a Marginalized Visual Security Issue
Authors: Iqbal Mohammed , Elzembely Hosam , Elmassry Ahmed , Elgharieb Mervat , Assaf Ahmed , Ibrahim Ola , Soliman Ashraf
Published: September 2021

Introduction:

This study aimed to discover and document the potential of visual and ocular sequelae of computer vision syndrome (CVS) among medical students.

Methods:

This cross-sectional case-control study was conducted on medical students (n=4030) of five universities in Egypt. All students completed a specially designed and validated CVS questionnaire survey (CVS-F3). Students with ≥5 CVS symptoms constituted a risk group (n=352), while students with 1-4 CVS symptoms constituted a low-symptoms group (n=3067). Students from the control and risk groups were examined using objective methods, such as visual acuity, subjective refraction, dry eye disease tests, and anterior segment and fundus examinations. Students who complained of visual blur underwent multifocal electroretinography mfERG examinations (mfERG group).

Results:

The CVS-F3 indicated that 84.8% of students had complaints that might be related to CVS, however, our ophthalmic examination group revealed only a 56% CVS prevalence rate. The most common single screen type used by 70.4% of students was the smartphone, and the most common complaint was headache (50.2%). Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that CVS was significantly associated with increased screen-hours, including >2 screen-hours daily (odds ratio [OR], 2.48; P<0.0001), >2 screen-hours at night (OR, 1.79; P=0.003), and ≥3 screen-years (OR, 1.69; P=0.006). In the mfERG group, 37% demonstrated reduced amplitudes of mfERG rings and quadrants, indicating reduced foveal responses.

Conclusion:

CVS-questionnaires overestimate the true CVS prevalence and sequelae, which could be accurately detected by objective ophthalmic examination. Smartphones primarily caused CVS among students, with CVS severity increasing in correlation with shorter eye-to-screen distance and frequent use. Contact lens wearing doubled the risk of CVS development and augmented its severity. CVS might affect macular integrity with screen-induced foveal dysfunction.

Clinical Trials Registration:

PACTR201811618954630.
The Peaceful Road to Europe: Migration and the Setting of the Regular Long-Distance Coach Lines in the South-Western European Corridor (1960s-1990s)
Authors: Guimarães Paulo
Published: September 2021

The establishment of the regular long-distance coach lines across Europe, boosted by migration flows, is the object of this historical study focused on the Portuguese experience. The article considers four dimensions: the establishment of the regular long-distance international coach lines through the coordination of the transport modes; the legal setting and the multi-national administration; the migrants coach travel experience and, finally, the evolutionary trends of this service. The narrative was mostly based on the Portuguese transport administration archives and specialized technical literature. From rural to urban contexts, from advanced to less advanced societies in Europe, we describe the process of common societal changes induced by the European experience. This explores the construction of Europe as a collective, historical and everyday experience, and analyses the ways common institutions, personal trust, and even friendship across governments, officials, and individuals were built anticipating the formal political process of creation of the European Community.
The European identity in the classical psyche of Greece: Between values and strategic vision
Authors: Balla Evanthia
Published: September 2021

The purpose of this article is to provide a reference appropriate to both current specialists in the field of International and European Studies and those delving into the subject for the first time. As Greece celebrates 200 years since the launch of the Greek Struggle for Independence (1821-2021) and the 40th anniversary of Greece's accession to the European Communities (now European Union), this article aims at a reflective analysis across the key themes that have shaped Greece’s strategic identity, from 1821 until the recent financial crisis.

 

The current study reviews the existing literature on the subject and outlines an agenda for future research to build up knowledge and awareness on the importance of deepening our knowledge on the distinct strategic identities of the various EU Member-States. It comprises conceptual and empirical dimensions to deepen the appreciation on Greek politics, institutions, and policies and to connect them to a wider, international historical context. The main argument is that Greece has made strategic choices responding to the international political environment over time, in which the liaison between its classical legacy, Europe and the West have always been present.
Diversidad genética en poblaciones de Pinus remota (Pinaceae) del Noreste de México: evidencias de declinamiento demográfico histórico
Authors: González Jiménez Aridahí , Delgado Valerio Patricia , Molina Sánchez Agustín , Flores López Celestino , Vargas Gutiérrez Juan Pablo , García Magaña J. Jesús
Published: September 2021

Métodos: El estudio se realizó en siete poblaciones representativas de su distribución natural en México, con muestras de acículas de 112 árboles analizadas con cinco microsatélites de núcleo. Los datos se evaluaron con parámetros de la genética de poblaciones y métodos de aproximación Bayesiana.
Resultados clave: La heterocigosidad promedio esperada (He=0.557) fue más alta que la observada (Ho=0.375). Las poblaciones no se encuentran en equilibro Hardy-Weinberg, con una endogamia significativa (FIS=0.259) y tamaños efectivos reducidos (Ne entre 375-425); están estructuradas en tres grupos genéticos (FST=0.158), con valores altos del índice Mc (0.186-0.283), sugiriendo eventos de declinamiento demográfico ancestral (entre 11,910 y 23,820 años atrás), asociados con los cambios climáticos del Pleistoceno.
Conclusiones: El estudio demuestra que P. remota contiene una variación genética considerable, pero estructurada espacialmente y asociada a cuellos de botella ancestrales. Además, se confirma que P. catarinae es su sinónimo. La especie ha sido capaz de subsistir y adaptarse a condiciones ambientales locales. Con este conocimiento se plantean estrategias para la conservación de las poblaciones remanentes de la especie.
App Designs and Interactive Features to Increase mHealth Adoption: User Expectation Survey and Experiment
Authors: Lazard Allison J , Babwah Brennen J Scott , Belina Stephanie P
Published: September 2021

Background

Despite the ubiquity of smartphones, there is little guidance for how to design mobile health apps to increase use. Specifically, knowing what features users expect, grab their attention, encourage use (via predicted use or through positive app evaluations), and signal beneficial action possibilities can guide and focus app development efforts.

Objective

We investigated what features users expect and how the design (prototypicality) impacts app adoption.

Methods

In a web-based survey, we elicited expectations, including presence and placement, for 12 app features. Thereafter, participants (n=462) viewed 2 health apps (high prototypicality similar to top downloaded apps vs low prototypicality similar to research interventions) and reported willingness to download, attention, and predicted use of app features. Participants rated both apps (high and low) for aesthetics, ease of use, usefulness, perceived affordances, and intentions to use.

Results

Most participants (425/462, 92%) expected features for navigation or personal settings (eg, menu) in specific regions (eg, top corners). Features with summary graphs or statics were also expected by many (395-396 of 462, 86%), with a center placement expectation. A feature to “share with friends” was least expected among participants (203/462, 44%). Features fell into 4 unique categories based on attention and predicted use, including essential features with high (>50% or >231 of 462) predicted use and attention (eg, calorie trackers), flashy features with high attention but lower predicted use (eg, links to specific diets), functional features with modest attention and low use (eg, settings), and mundane features with low attention and use (eg, discover tabs). When given a choice, 347 of 462 (75%) participants would download the high-prototypicality app. High prototypicality apps (vs low) led to greater aesthetics, ease of use, usefulness, and intentions, (for all, P<.001). Participants thought that high prototypicality apps had more perceived affordances.

Conclusions

Intervention designs that fail to meet a threshold of mHealth expectations will be dismissed as less usable or beneficial. Individuals who download health apps have shared expectations for features that should be there, as well as where these features should appear. Meeting these expectations can improve app evaluations and encourage use. Our typology should guide presence and placement of expected app features to signal value and increase use to impact preventive health behaviors. Features that will likely be used and are attention-worthy—essential, flashy, and functional—should be prioritized during app development.
Effect of Sugar Waste on Cement Concrete
Authors: Kumar Shiv
Published: September 2021

Abstract: This investigation deals with the effects of the sugar- waste (Molasses) on the cement concrete. Studies were carried out on a cement paste, the types of different mortar mixes and five types of different concrete mixes, with and without the use of molasses. Molasses is one among the four types of sugar waste and it contains 40-60 percent of total sugar content depending upon types of molasses. While other sugar waste are Bassage, pressed mud and Discharging water containing mud. Among these wastes first two contains 3 percent of sugar and three contains negligible percent of sugar. In the present work molasses was collected sugar mill name. The effects of different dosage level 0, 0.1, 0.25, 0.50, 0.75, 1.00, 2.00, 3.00, 4.00, 5.00 percent of the molasses by weight of cement were studied for standard consistency, setting time, water – reduction behavior and air – entrainment in fresh concrete. The studies were also carried out for 7-day and 28-day compressive strength of the mortar, 7-day, 28-day, 56-day and 91-day compressive strength for five types of concrete mixes, 14-day tensile strength and flexural strength of concrete for the dosage levels 0, 0.10, 0.25, 0.50 percent of molasses by weight of cement. This test results indicates that molasses acts as accelerator upto 0.50 percent dose and then becomes retarder. Also it is slightly a water reducer and air entraining agent. The compressive strength of mortar, concrete, flexural strength and tensile strength of concrete get increased on using 0- 0.50 percent dose of molasses but the most favourable dose is 0.25 percent of molasses by weight of cement. Keywords: Air-entraining admixture, organic materials, microscopic bubbles, cohesion, durability, cavities
Risk Management in Oil and Gas (EPC) Industry
Authors: Kadam Prashant Pralhad
Published: September 2021

Abstract: The five most important risk factors identified in the design phase are 1] scope uncertainty, 2] failed management and planning, 3] changes in errors and omissions, 4] inadequate projectS team structure, 5] inadequate quality requirements. The top five risk factors determined by the procurement category are 1] Inadequate online resources and equipment, 2] Distribution of suppliers, 3] Uncertainty in design and style, codes, requirements and standards, 4] Defective items, and 5] Compromise. The 5 most important risk factors identified in the construction phase are 1] weak project capability, 2] excessive construction costs, 3] major construction delays, 4] strong project plan, and 5] poor safety management .This was initiated by the link between risk factors and the effects on price, quality and timing, as well as the potential for expensive, common, and high-quality outcomes. Keywords: Disaster risk management, risk management strategies, project risk management, oil and gas industry.
The Study of Effects of Aggregates on C.B.R. Value
Authors: Lad Atul
Published: September 2021

Abstract: In engineering practice, the earth construction requires the compaction of the existing subgrade by improving the density and strength of the data. All types of earth structures, i.e., highways, pavements, etc., rest directly on the soil beneath them. The safety of these entities depends upon the strength/bearing capacity of the soil over which these are constructed. Therefore, a proper analysis of the soil properties and the design of their compression parameter become necessary to ensure that these structures remain stable and are safe against unequal settlements. To determine the suitability of any soil type for use as subgrade, subbase, or base material, one of the parameters generally used is the California bearing ratio (C.B.R.). The coarse aggregates available as a reinforcing material can enhance soil properties and increase its C.B.R. value. This paper will study the effects of coarse aggregates on the C.B.R. value, determine suitable size range of aggregates with their percentage, and their application for the earth structures. Keywords: Soil, CBR, Aggregate, Compaction, pavement.
Leadership and Management in Non-Profit Organization: Perspective from Nigeria
Authors: Haruna Joel Bulus
Published: September 2021

Abstract: This study is set out to investigate “Leadership and management in nonprofit organization: perspective from Nigeria”. Relevant data were drawn from selected staff and managers from selected non-profit organizations in Lagos, using a wellstructured questionnaire. The result of the findings revealed that there is a significant impact of leadership on the performance of nonprofit organizations in Nigeria and that there is a significant relationship between management and the performance of nonprofit organizations in Nigeria and finally lack of funds and the current economic situation is a problem facing management and leadership of non-profit organizations in Nigeria. It was concluded that managers of non-profit organization must possess extra ordinary qualities of leadership to move their organizations forward. The study recommended that managers in non-profit organizations need to expand their leadership and management skill sets in order to strengthen the organizations and help effectively manage the running’s of these organizations.
Embracing the future through science communication: the inaugural "Mr. Science" Science Communication Conference in China
Authors: Wang Guoyan , Jia Hepeng , Han Jingyi , Yang Yuqin
Published: September 2021

The inaugural "Mr. Science" Science Communication Conference was held in Suzhou, China on July 9, 2021. It was the largest Chinese conference on science communication study since the start of the 21st century. More than 260 scholars discussed the spirit and culture of science, science communication during the COVID-19 crisis, the public understanding of science, and the ethical aspects of science communication. The conference aimed to develop a system for researching science communication within China. This review outlines the content of the conference and summarizes the key trends in science communication research in China.
Pauli error estimation via Population Recovery
Authors: Flammia Steven T. , O'Donnell Ryan
Published: September 2021

Motivated by estimation of quantum noise models, we study the problem of learning a Pauli channel, or more generally the Pauli error rates of an arbitrary channel. By employing a novel reduction to the "Population Recovery" problem, we give an extremely simple algorithm that learns the Pauli error rates of an n-qubit channel to precision ϵ in ℓ∞ using just O(1/ϵ2)log⁡(n/ϵ) applications of the channel. This is optimal up to the logarithmic factors. Our algorithm uses only unentangled state preparation and measurements, and the post-measurement classical runtime is just an O(1/ϵ) factor larger than the measurement data size. It is also impervious to a limited model of measurement noise where heralded measurement failures occur independently with probability ≤1/4.We then consider the case where the noise channel is close to the identity, meaning that the no-error outcome occurs with probability 1−η. In the regime of small η we extend our algorithm to achieve multiplicative precision 1±ϵ (i.e., additive precision ϵη) using just O(1ϵ2η)log⁡(n/ϵ) applications of the channel.
Oatly, a serious ‘problem’ for the dairy industry? A case study
Authors: Krampe Caspar , Fridman Adar
Published: September 2021

This case study outlines the steps Oatly has taken so far to achieve its goal of becoming the largest ‘dairy and milk’ producer in the world. Oatly develops, produces and markets dairy and milk analogues, with an overriding ambition to promote structural changes in the dairy industry. Oatly’s approach relies on state-of-the-art technologies that can create dairy analogues and milk-like fluids. The resulting products are marketed under their own brand and promoted by provocative and innovative communication strategies that include storytelling, policy-related activities, social media campaigns and more traditional sales concepts. The company is constantly developing and opening factories that enable them to expand into foreign markets, whilst applying diverse marketing strategies. Following Oatly’s example, other retailers and food companies also expressed their interest in dairy and milk replacement products, increasing the market competition.
The improvement model of microenterprises of post-disaster through empowerment of productive zakat
Authors: Arifin Noor , Anwar Aan Zainul
Published: September 2021

Islamic philanthropy or zakat has a mission to poverty alleviation and improve welfare for zakat recipients (Fitri, 2017), especially for the poor and affected by natural disasters. This study aims to determine the distribution model and use of productive zakat and to determine the effectiveness of productive zakat in improving welfare after natural disasters in Indonesia. This study uses qualitative methods with the theoretical development of field research. Data collection was carried out through interviews and in-depth observations from national zakat management organizations in Indonesia, including The National Board of Zakat of Republic Indonesia (BAZNAS), The Department of Amil Zakat, Infaq and Alms of Nahdlatul Ulama (NU-Care LAZISNU) The Department of Amil Zakat, Infaq and Alms Muhammadiyah (LAZISMU), as well as communities receiving productive zakat programs. The results of this study indicate that the model of productive zakat distribution by zakat institutions in Indonesia uses two approaches, namely through direct business capital assistance and through proposals addressed to victims of natural disasters. They use zakat for starting businesses or developing businesses that are already owned by the recipient of productive zakat funds. In sum, productive zakat helps the economy of people who receive productive zakat recipients but it is still not effective for their welfare. Therefore, to increase the maximum role of zakat institutions in distributing productive zakat, synergies are needed between zakat institutions, partners (universities, volunteers, business consultants, etc.), and Islamic insurance.
Kommunale Online-Partizipation – Wer ist gefragt?
Authors: Dietrich Frank , Seim Jonathan
Published: September 2021

Zusammenfassung: Das Internet bietet die Möglichkeit, eine beliebig große Anzahl von Personen durch unterschiedliche Formen der Deliberation und Beschlussfassung politisch einzubinden. Insbesondere im kommunalen Kontext wird die Online-Partizipation – etwa im Rahmen städtischer Bürgerhaushalte – bereits vielfach als Mittel erprobt, um die soziale Akzeptanz und Legitimität politischer Entscheidungen zu erhöhen. Die Legitimität demokratischer Verfahren hängt neben anderen Faktoren maßgeblich von der Konstitution des Demos und der damit festgelegten Allokation der Teilnahmerechte ab. In historischer Perspektive hat vor allem die Exklusion bestimmter Gruppen, insbesondere von Frauen, Besitzlosen oder nichtweißen Personen, die Legitimität klassischer Offline-Verfahren, wie z. B. Parlamentswahlen, in Frage gestellt. Die neuen Formen der Online-Partizipation bergen hingegen – so die zentrale These des Aufsatzes – die Gefahr der Über-Inklusivität, weil sie häufig auf jegliche Zugangsbeschränkung verzichten. Selbst wenn die Verfahren, wie in der Praxis üblich, einen konsultativen Charakter haben und die politischen Entscheidungsträger formal nicht binden, führt ihre Offenheit zu Legitimationsproblemen. Daraus entsteht die Notwendigkeit, normative Kriterien für die Vergabe von Partizipationsrechten zu entwickeln, die den Besonderheiten der Online-Deliberation angemessen Rechnung tragen.
Wem gehört die Stadt?
Authors: Angebauer Niklas , Habermann Tobias
Published: September 2021

Zusammenfassung: Der Beitrag systematisiert, kontextualisiert und evaluiert den eigentumstheoretischen Hintergrund der derzeit breit geführten Debatte um bezahlbaren Wohnraum in deutschen Großstädten. Ausgehend von der These, dass hinter der sogenannten ‚Wohnungskrise‘ eigentlich eine ‚Bodenkrise‘ steht, werden drei zentrale Konflikte um die politische Rahmung des Eigentums an Boden diskutiert: die Frage nach dem Gebrauch (Wer entscheidet darüber, welchem Zweck der Boden zugeführt wird?), der Verwertung (Wer profitiert von Bodenwertsteigerungen?) und dem Eigentumsschutz (Wer kann sich legitimerweise auf den Eigentumsschutz berufen?). Dabei werden die normativen Potentiale eines immanenztheoretischen, apriorisch pflichtgebundenen Eigentumsverständnisses für eine zeitgemäße Wohnraum- und Bodenpolitik ausgelotet.
Die Stadt als Assemblage: Neue Perspektiven für die Stadtplanung durch die Actor-Network- Theorie?
Authors: Eckardt Frank
Published: September 2021

Zusammenfassung: Städte zeichnen sich durch das Zusammenspiel von gebauter und sozialer Welt aus. In der Stadtforschung wird durch die Rezeption der Actor-Network- Theorie (ANT) seit einigen Jahren versucht, diese Erkenntnis zur Erweiterung der Handlungsperspektiven für die Stadtplanung zu nutzen. Dabei soll mit dem Rückgriff auf den Begriff der Assemblage der offensichtliche Gegensatz zwischen Materialität und Gesellschaft überwunden werden. In diesem Beitrag soll anhand von vier internationalen Studien aus der angewandten Stadtplanungsliteratur diskutiert werden, inwieweit sich durch die Urban-Assemblage-Forschung neue Perspektiven für die Stadtplanung gewinnen lassen. Anhand von vier thematischen Handlungsfeldern (Citizenship, Rekonfiguration des Gebauten, Materialität und Gemeinschaft, Soziale Bewegungen und Stadtplanung) soll aufgezeigt werden, in welcher Weise ANT rezipiert wird und ob sich tatsächlich neue Perspektiven für die Stadtplanung ergeben können. Im Ergebnis wird aufgezeigt, dass es in der Tat durch eine veränderte Sicht auf Stadtplanung, die Beziehungen zwischen der sozialen und nichtmenschlichen Stadt integriert, in diesen Studien gelingt, neue Optionen für eine demokratisierende Stadtpolitik anzudeuten. Allerdings wird zugleich deutlich, dass diese empirischen Studien auch auf Defizite des Urban-Assemblage-Ansatzes hinweisen und insbesondere die Berücksichtigung der politischen und materiellen Dimension des Städtischen noch weiter verbessert werden muss.
Die verkörperte Identität der Migration und die Biometrie der Grenze
Authors: Kuster Brigitta , Tsianos Vassilis S.
Published: September 2021

Zusammenfassung: Der folgende Beitrag handelt vom Rückgriff auf den Körper an der Grenze und will einige der besonderen Problematiken skizzieren, die sich durch eine kontrollpolitisch begründete Ontologie des Körpers und seine weitere Verarbeitung als datenbankgestützte Identität im Kontext der europäischen Migrationspolitik ergeben. Er will damit einen Beitrag zur Politisierung der konstitutiven Instabilität einer verkörperten Identität leisten, d. h. einer Identität und vor allem auch eines Körpers, wie sie – gewissermaßen gegen das somatische Identitätskriterium, demgemäß „wir“ unser Körper „sind“ – von Feminist*innen wie etwa Elizabeth Grosz (1994) oder Niamh Stephenson und Dimitris Papadopoulos (2006) und, für den Bereich der Surveillance Studies, etwa von Kirstie Ball (2005) postuliert wurde. Im ersten Teil des Textes greifen wir drei Fälle auf. Sie haben sich infolge der Flüchtlingsbewegungen nach Europa ab 2015 ereignet und sind ihrerseits – wie wir zeigen werden, ganz und gar nicht rational begründet – zu Skandalen beschworen und anschließend als Argumente angeführt worden, um sowohl für die gesellschaftliche und politische Akzeptanz als auch für die Zweckmäßigkeit einer zunehmenden Daten-Interoperabilität und einer Ausweitung der Geltungsbereiche zu werben, wie sie sich anhand der EURODAC-Novellierung erkennen lassen, die sich gegenwärtig vollzieht. Im zweiten Teil fassen wir den EURODAC-Recast zusammen – und skizzieren damit eine neue Entwicklungsphase der soziotechnischen Assemblage, durch die in den europäischen Entwicklungs- und Forschungseinrichtungen der biometrischen Identifikation und der Kontrolle der Mobilität eine verkörperte Identität der Migration produziert wird.
Grenzen der Menschenrechte
Authors: Gündoğdu Ayten
Published: September 2021

Zusammenfasung: In diesem Artikel fokussiere ich auf die Kluft zwischen dem Begriff des „Menschen“, der den Menschenrechten zugrunde liegt, und dem Konzept der universellen Rechtspersönlichkeit, das ich im Hinblick auf die mediterranen Flüchtlingsbewegungen untersuche. In Anlehnung an Arendts berühmtes Diktum vom „Recht, Rechte zu haben“ analysiere ich die Spannung zwischen den souveränen Rechten von Staaten und den Rechtsansprüchen von Migrant*innen, was wiederum auf das hinweist, was ich als „Grenzen der Menschenrechte“ bezeichne: Sie beziehen sich auf die Begrenztheit der Menschenrechte angesichts der staatlichen Souveränität und sind in der Grenzkontrollpolitik der einzelnen Staaten und ihrer Grenzbehörden verkörpert. Wie ich unter Bezugnahme auf den Fall Hirsi vorschlage, sollte die Rechtspersönlichkeit von Migrant*innen jenseits territorialer Grenzen gedacht werden, während staatliche Funktionen, wie die Kontrolle der Staatsgrenzen, im Lichte der Menschenrechtsnormen überdacht werden müssen.
Person, Recht und Natur
Authors: Hofmann Christian
Published: September 2021

Zusammenfassung: Bis zu welchem Grad ist eine mit dem Lebens- und Gesundheitsschutz begründete Einschränkung von Grundrechten und des gesellschaftlichen Lebens, wie bei der gegenwärtigen Covid-19-Pandemie, aus ethischer und rechtsphilosophischer Sicht legitim? Ethik und Recht und nicht die Medizin sind es, die in diesen Fragen letztlich den normativen Orientierungsrahmen geben müssen – was nicht ausschließt, dass auch medizinische Argumente bei der Deliberation eine wichtige Rolle spielen. Es stellen sich deshalb Fragen nach diesem normativen Orientierungsrahmen und danach, wie die Berufung auf das „Recht auf Leben und körperliche Unversehrtheit“ (Art. 2 Abs. 2 S. 1 GG) und eine davon abgeleitete staatliche Aufgabe des Lebensschutzes gegenüber diesem einzuordnen sind. Hierfür ist zunächst auf die Begriffe der „Person“ und der „Menschenwürde“ einzugehen, wobei ich mich insbesondere an Kant orientiere (1). Es stellen sich hierbei Fragen sowohl nach dem Recht als auch nach dem Verhältnis der menschlichen Person zur Natur bzw. zum Leben. Hier ist dann über Kants Dualismus hinaus zu einer in zweifacher Hinsicht stärker „integrativen“ Perspektive überzugehen, die den Menschen als personal-leibliche Einheit bzw. als personales Naturwesen begreift und auch methodisch eine Vielfalt relevanter Perspektiven einbezieht (2) und von der her sich auch Konsequenzen für das Verhältnis zu Viren und für den Begriff der Gesundheit ergeben (3). Die hiermit angesprochenen naturphilosophischen und anthropologischen Aspekte sind dennoch zugleich vor dem Hintergrund Kants normativ einzubinden. Als absoluter Selbstzweck können dabei nicht das Leben und die Gesundheit gelten, sondern nur die menschliche Würde. Vor diesem Hintergrund betrachte ich einige zentrale Argumente der gesellschaftlichen und juristischen Debatten, die im Zuge des ersten Lockdowns im Frühjahr 2020 geführt wurden, speziell zum Verhältnis von Würde und Leben und zur Verhältnismäßigkeitsprüfung in Bezug auf die Einschränkung von Grundrechten (4). Dass es hierbei eines differen-zierten Umgangs mit verschiedenen Gruppen von Betroffenen bedarf, zeige ich an den Beispielen von Senior:innen in Pflegeheimen sowie Kindern und Jugendlichen (5). Als Ergebnis halte ich fest: Der Schutz des Lebens ist der Würde des Einzelnen im Zweifel unterzuordnen; es bedarf einer integrativen Perspektive und eines differenzierten Vorgehens, das verschiedene Personengruppen auch hinsichtlich ihrer jeweiligen besonderen Situation entsprechend berücksichtigt (6)
Analisis Mengenai Unsur Pelayanan Publik Di Dalam Peraturan Gubernur Bali Nomor 46 Tahun 2020 Tentang Penerapan Disiplin Dan Penegakan Hukum Protokol Kesehatan Sebagai Upaya Pencegahan Dan Pengendalian Covid-19
Authors: Komang Budiarsini Desak , Dita Putu , Ary Wahyudi Agus
Published: September 2021

The writing of this article aims to find out and analyze how the analysis of Governor Regulation Number 46 of 2020 concerning the Application of Discipline and Law Enforcement of Health Protocols as Efforts to Prevent and Control Covid-19 seen from the rapid spread of the corona virus at this time. After the announcement of a positive case for the Covid-19 virus by the government on March 2 (two) 2020, the government continued to increase efforts and policies to suppress transmission of this virus. Starting from limiting social relationships (social distancing), limiting physical contact relationships (physical comparison) by appealing to all State apparatus, BUMN employees and private employees to limit activities in the office by encouraging work from home. The writing of this article is a research that uses a normative research method, using a statutory approach. Then analyzed descriptively qualitatively using primary, secondary, and tertiary legal materials to get conclusions that are relevant to the problems at hand. The result of writing this article is how the form of public services provided by the Bali provincial government to the community to deal with or prevent the spread of Covid-19.
Pelanggaran Prinsip Persona Grata Atas Penyerangan Duta Besar Ditinjau Dari Perspektif Hukum Internasional (Studi Kasus Penyerangan Duta Besar Amerika Serikat Di Benghazi Libya)
Authors: Yunitasari Desi
Published: September 2021

The development of human history has proven that relations between countries are inevitable and are a necessity and often cause conflicts. Along with its development, an unavoidable event is an increase in violations of the provisions of international law, especially with regard to the principle of persona grata where officials or diplomat representatives should get protection when it has been received and placed in the recipient country. As happened in mid-2012 namely regarding the bombing incident carried out through a rocket attack on the United States Embassy (Libya) Office, Libya, in Benghazi City, on September 11, 2012. The attack resulted in the Ambassador and three embassy staff killed. In research that uses normative juridical methods, it is necessary to use secondary data, such as books, laws, and research results on research topics to determine the extent of the legal consequences of the principle of persona grata that has been violated. Based on the results of the study explained that the Libyan Government is responsible for the incident because it fulfills two elements of state responsibility including act or omission that can be imputable to a country, and the act or omission constitutes a violation of an international obligation, especially regarding the principle of persona grata. The Government of Libya as the recipient country is obliged to be responsible based on the 1961 Vienna Convention Article 22 Paragraph (2). As the injured party, the United States can hold the Libyan government diplomatically responsible, namely negotiations, bearing in mind that the benefits of negotiation settlement can be measured in all aspects.
Pengenaan Pajak Penghasilan di Indonesia (Pasal 21 Undang-Undang Nomor 36 Tahun 2008 Tentang Pajak Penghasilan)
Authors: Sastrawan Gede , Putu Indah Wahyoni Ida Ayu
Published: September 2021

Every county has the same goal, namely to create the wlfare of its people. Especially in Indonesia, which is a rule of law based on Pancasila and the 1945 Constitution. The issue stated in the preamble to the 1945 Constitution states the general welfare on the basis of social justice. Then besides that there is the aim of the state which is the common interest of all the people, so that the costs that msu be incurred to realize state programs are also shared responsibility. To cover state expenditures in order to realize its programs, the state seeks financing by collecting taxes. One of them is from the imposition of income tax. Income tax is regulated in Law Numbers 36 Years 2008. One of the types of distribution is Income Tax Article 21 (PPh 21), which regulates taxes on income in the form of salaries, wages, allowances, and other payments that are obtained by individual tacpayers. Domestic individuala in connection with work or position of services and activities.
Penyelesaian Sengketa Konsumen Oleh Badan Penyelesaian Sengketa Konsumen (BPSK)
Authors: Nisantika Riris , Putu Egi Santika Maharani Ni Luh
Published: September 2021

Taxes are compulsory contributions to the state that are owed by individuals or entities that are compelling based on law, without receiving direct compensation and used for the state’s needs for the greatest prosperity of the people. Tax payments are used to finance state households so that the benefits are felt by the wider community or for the public interest. The film industry is a creative industry engaged in the media, arts and culture. Compared to other creative industry sectors, the film, video and photography industries have the highest creativity and knowledge capital, as forms of intangible assets. Effectiveness means that the goals that have been planned before can be achieved or in other words, the targets are achieved because of the activity process. With the existence of an open letter and protests by the film industry, it has resulted in the provision of relief and incentives from the finance minister for entertainment tax, especially for films. The purpose of this study is to determine the arrangements regarding consumer dispute resolution and dispute resolution mechanisms in the Consumer Sengkera Settlement Agency. The research method used is the normative research method. The legal materials used are primary and secondary legal materials and the data analysis technique uses qualitative methods. The results of his research are (1) the settlement of disputes in consumer protection is regulated in Law no. 8 of 1999 concerning Consumer Protection which regulates dispute resolution is divided into 2 (two), namely court channels and outside court channels such as negotiation, conciliation, mediation, and others. BPSK as a dispute resolution agency domiciled in the provincial capital, and (2) consumer dispute resolution at BPSK, in Article 15 Paragraph (1) of the Republic of Indonesia's Minister of Industry and Trade Decree No. 350 / MPP / Kep / 12/2001 regarding the implementation of the duties and authorities of BPSK stated that consumers or business actors who feel their rights have been impaired can submit a consumer dispute resolution request to.
Numerical simulation of the transverse flow over spans of girder bridges
Authors: Gosteev Yu. A. , Obukhovskiy A. D. , Salenko S. D.
Published: September 2021

Introduction. The technique of numerical modeling of the transverse flow over span structures of bridges on the basis of the two-dimensional URANS (Unsteady Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes) approach used in the modern methods and software packages for computational fluid dynamics is verified. The work objective was debugging and experimental substantiation of this technique with the use of the database on the aerodynamic characteristics of the cross-sections of span structures of girder bridges of standard shapes pre-developed by the authors.

Materials and Methods. A numerical simulation of the transverse flow of low-turbulent (smooth) and turbulent air flows around the bridge structures in a range of practically interesting attack angles is carried out. SST  k − ω turbulence model was used as the closing one. The technique was preliminarily tested on the check problem for the flow of the rectangular crosssection beams. Calculations were carried out using the licensed ANSYS software.

Research Results. The calculated dependences on the attack angle of the aerodynamic coefficients of forces (drag and lift) and the moment of the cross sections of the girder bridges of standard shapes are obtained. These data refer to the span structures at the construction phase (without deck and parapets, without parapets) and operation phase, under the conditions of model smooth and turbulent incoming flow. The latter allows us to outline the boundaries for more weighted estimates of the aerodynamic characteristics of thegirder bridges in a real wind current. The best agreement with the experimental data was obtained from the drag of the cross-section. The magnitude of the lifting force is more sensitive to the presence and extent of the separation regions, so its numerical determination is less accurate. The reproduction of the angle-of-attack effect on the aerodynamic moment of the cross-section is the most challenging for the majority of configurations.

Discussion and Conclusions. Comparison of the calculated and experimental data indicates the applicability of the URANS approach to the operational prediction of the aerodynamic characteristics of the single-beam span structures. In the case of multi-beam span structures, where the aerodynamic interference between separate girders plays an important role, the URANS approach must apparently give way to more accurate eddy-resolving methods. The results obtained can be used in the aerodynamic analysis of structures and in practice of the relevant design organizations in the field of transport construction.
Prospects of domestic viticulture (on the example of the Rostov region and the Republic of Crimea)
Authors: Sviridova А. D. , Vlasov A. I.
Published: September 2021

The article describes the current state of viticulture in the south of Russia on the example of the Rostov region and the Republic of Crimea. The assessment of grape plantations by growing zones is given, the prospects for the development of the industry are considered.
PEMBERDAYAAN MASYARAKAT MELALUI PROGRAM BUNTAH (SABUN MINYAK JELANTAH)
Authors: Tarkono Tarkono , Arif Alferidho , Fadilla Tria , Pahlevie Muhammad Reza , Safitri Vina Anggraini , Ivansyah Muhammad Aldi , Wasi Nur Syafira , Jannah Izzatul
Published: September 2021

Abstrak

 

Limbah minyak goreng (minyak jelantah) yang berasal dari sector rumah tangga maupun kegiatan industri makanan dapat memberikan dampak negatif bagi lingkungan dan kelangsungan hidup manusia jika tidak ditangani dengan baik. Salah satu cara yang dapat dilakukan yaitu dengan mengadakan kegiatan pemberdayaan masyarakat untuk mengelola limbah minyak jelantah menjadi barang yang memiliki nilai jual , misalnya sabun. Proses pembuatan sabun meliputi persiapan alat dan bahan, melakukan penjernihan minyak jelantah, pencampuran semua bahan, pencetakan dan pengemasan. Pelaksanaan kegiatan pemberdayaan masyarakat terkait dengan pengelolaan minyak jelantah menjadi sabun melalui beberapa tahapan kegiatan. Dimulai dengan melakukan sosialisasi, penyuluhan, praktek pembuatan sabun dan evaluasi serta pendampingan. Program pemberdayaan masyarakat ini dapat mendukung terciptanya lingkungan yang produktif, ekonomi mandiri dan juga kreatifitas masyarakat. Produk sabun yang dihasilkan memiliki beberapa keunggulan dari produk sabun pada umumnya yakni, ramah lingkungan karena menggunakan bahan-bahan alami sebagai komposisi pelengkap. Memiliki nilai estetika dalam hal bentuk, warna, dan aroma. Kemudian, sabun ini pula merupakan suistainable product yang minim resiko pemakaian.

Kata kunci : minyak goreng bekas, sabun, pemberdayaan masyarakat.

 

 

Abstract

 

Cooking oil waste (used cooking oil) originating from the household sector and food industry activities can have a negative impact on the environment and human survival if not handled properly. One of the ways that can be done is by holding community empowerment activities to manage used cooking oil waste into goods that have a selling value, for example soap. The process of making soap includes preparing tools and materials, purifying used cooking oil, mixing all ingredients, printing and packaging. The implementation of community empowerment activities related to the management of used cooking oil into soap through several stages of activity. Starting with socialization, counseling, soap making practice and evaluation and assistance. This community empowerment program can support the creation of a productive environment, an independent economy and community creativity. The resulting soap products have several advantages over soap products in general, namely, they are environmentally friendly because they use natural ingredients as a complementary composition. Has aesthetic value in terms of shape, color and aroma. Then, this soap is also a sustainable product that has minimal risk of use.

Keywords:used cooking oil, soap, community empowerment
Pengaruh Sistem Informasi Akuntansi dan Sistem Pengendalian Intern Terhadap Kualitas Laporan Keuangan Daerah
Authors: Triyani Zelda , Tubarad Chara Pratami Tidespania
Published: September 2021

This study aim to examine the effect of accounting information system and internal control system implementation to the quality of financial report of regional device organization (OPD) in Bandar Lampung and Metro City. The population of this study is the regional services in the Bandar Lampung and Metro City Government environment (18 OPD) with 108 respondents determined by purposive sampling method. The data used are primary data collected using questionnaire through field research. Based on statistical analyzing using SmartPLS, this study found that accounting information system and internal control system implementation affects the financial reports of regional device organization (OPD) in the Bandar Lampung and Metro City Government.
Pengaruh Kualitas DIPA dan Akurasi Perencanaan Kas Terhadap Kualitas Penyerapan Anggaran
Authors: Suwito Heru
Published: September 2021

Goverment faces economic problem continuously that affect the economic growth where the most impact occured is from State Budge. The low absorption rate of goverment budget as seen from the realization of the state ministry/institutional budget hampers the rate of economic growth. The purpose of this study is to provide empirical evidence about the effect of DIPA quality and the accuracy of cash planning on the level of budget absorption of working unit in the working area of regional office of the Directorate General of Treasury, Lampung Province. The data used is secondary data in the form of data from the spending units which revised the budget and data on the planned withdrawal of the budget in the regional office of the Directorate General of Treasury, Lampung Province in 2013-2016. The sample of this study are working units who managed a budget of more than 10 billion on a quarterly basis during the period 2013-2016, with a total sample of 496 data studies. Hypothesis testing is performed using panel data regression Eviews version. The results of the study show that the quality of DIPA and accuracy of cash planning have a significant positive effect on the level of budget absorption of working units in the working area of regional office of the Directorate General of Treasury, Lampung Province.
EARNINGS MANAGEMENT PADA TITIK KRITIS PERUBAHAN TAHAP LIFE CYCLE: STUDI EMPIRIS PADA PERUSAHAAN MANUFAKTUR DI INDONESIA
Authors: Syuhada Baharudin Ludfi , Sarumpaet Susi
Published: September 2021

Corporations pass every stage of their life cycles through different ways. At each point of these stages a company has the possibility to turn into decline. When this occurs, a company has the incentive to manage earnings in order to maintain its performance reflected in reported earnings. The objective of this study is to examine whether earnings management choices are different in corporate life cycles from growth to mature and mature to stagnant. The differences in earning management behaviour were indicated by negative and positive discretionary accruals. The sample was taken from manufacturing firms listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (2006 to 2013) in different life stages. The results show that firms in growth-mature and mature-stagnant did manage earnings through discretionary accruals, as indicated by significant differences as compared to those in other corporate life cycles.
FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI AUDIT DELAY PADA PERUSAHAAN MANUFAKTUR YANG TERDAFTAR DI BURSA EFEK INDONESIA TAHUN 2013-2015
Authors: Fanny Dimas Rijalul , Septiyanti Ratna , Sukmasari Dewi
Published: September 2021

This study aims to examine the factors that affect audit delay of financial reports on the manufacturing companies listed in the Indonesia Stock Exchange. The examined factors of this research are profitability, solvability and firm size as the independent variables while audit delay as the dependent variable. Audit delay measured from the year of closure years of the book to the date issued the audit report.

The sample in this research was secondary data and selected by using purposive sampling method consisting of 246 companies listed in the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) and submitted financial reports consistently in the period 2013-2015. The analysis method of this research used multiple regression analysis.

The result of this research showed that profitability and firm size had negative influence to audit delay. Meanwhile solvability did not have any effect to audit delay.
Pengaruh Faktor Mikroekonomi dan Makroekonomi Terhadap Kebijakan Hutang Perusahaan
Authors: Putri Tika Larasati Harjito , Septiyanti Ratna , Putri Widya Rizki Eka
Published: September 2021

The purpose of research is to get empirical evidence about the effect of microeconomics and macroeconomics factors to debt policy. This research used the Financial Companies which is listed in Indonesia stock exchange started the year 2014-2018 with total 32 Companies. Samples are selected based on purposive sampling method with the purpose to get sample according to research aim. Sample consists of 160 observations. The analytical technique was multiple regressions. The research results show that microeconomics factors which are proxied by corporate growth, corporate size, and blockholder ownership has significant effect to debt policy. However, macroeconomics factors which are proxied by political stability and inflation rates has no significant effect to debt policy.