bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of Sucrose and Aluminium Sulphate on Vase Life of Cut Chrysanthemum (Dendranthema grandiflora) cv. Fireside Cushion
Authors: Kareem Ashima Abdul , Topno Samir E. , Prasad V. M.
Published: July 2023

The present investigation was laid out in Completely Randomized design (CRD) with 10 treatments and each replicated thrice. The treatment T7 ‘Sucrose 2% + Aluminium sulphate @ 200 ppm reported significantly better performance compared to other treatments, in terms of water uptake (6.79g/stem), flower diameter (6.00 cm), weight of spikes (42.50 g), spike length (11.50 cm), spike diameter (2.33 mm), total solution consumption (36.00 ml), vase life (15 days), gross returns (72 Rs/treatment) and net returns (27 Rs/treatment). The highest B:C ratio (1.80) was also found in the same treatment T7 i.e., Sucrose 2 % + Aluminium sulphate @ 200 ppm and also attained maximum vase life among the treatments.
Biochemical Defenses Induced by Natural Silicon in the Management of Rice Yellow Stem Borer, Scirpophaga incertulas (Walker)
Authors: Sowmiya A. , Suganthy M. , Venugopal Sheela , Djanaguiraman M. , Manonmani S. , Kumar G. Senthil , Uma D.
Published: July 2023

Rice (Oryza sativa L.) one of the primary and staple food crops consumed throughout Asia belongs to Poaceae family. Yellow stem borer, Scirpophaga incertulas W. is a predominant insect pest infesting rice in India which damages the crop throughout the cropping season.

Aim: Present investigation was carried out to study the efficacy of foliar sprayed natural silicon in inducing biochemical defenses and reducing the damage caused by yellow stem borer in rice.

Study Design: Field experiment was laid out by using Randomized Block Design consisting of three different treatments replicated seven times.

Place and Duration of Study: The experiment was carried out at Paddy Breeding Station, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India during the year 2022.

Methodology: Field experiment was carried out to study the effect of natural silicon on per cent damage caused by rice yellow stem borer. In addition, enzyme studies were carried out to find the biochemical changes occurred in the plants due to different treatments. Treatments comprised of foliar spray of 2% natural silicon (100% SiO2) at 15, 30 and 45 days after transplanting (DAT) (T1), TNAU organic package of practices for rice (T2) and untreated control (T3).

Results: Foliar spray of 100% pure natural silicon along with stem borer feeding resulted in significant increase in the activities of defense associated enzymes namely, peroxidase (PO), polyphenol oxidase (PPO) and phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL). In addition to defensive enzymes, total phenol content was found to be significantly higher in silicon treated plants when compared to other two treatments. Such increase in biochemical parameters viz., the defensive enzymes and phenols resulted in significant reduction in the damage caused by stem borer with the lowest mean of 2.78 %, followed by 6.32 % in organic practice as against 9.34 % in untreated control.

Conclusion: Silicon obtained from natural sources can be employed as a safe and promising organic amendment in the management of yellow stem borer infesting rice by inducing resistance in plants.
Study on Genetic Parameters and Characters Association in Bottle Gourd (Lagenaria siceraria)
Authors: Kumari Divya , Bahadur Vijay , Prasad V. M. , Topno Samir E.
Published: July 2023

The present investigation entitled,” Study on Genetic Parameters and Characters Association In Bottle Gourd (Lagenaria Siceraria)” was conducted in horticulture research farm, Department of Horticulture Naini Agriculture Institute, Sam Higginbottom University of agriculture, technology and Sciences (SHUATS), Prayagraj (U.P), during zaid season 2022-23. 10 genotypes of bottle gourd i.e., IET 2021 BOGHYB-1, IET 2021 BOGHYB-2, IET 2021 BOGHYB-3, IET 2021 BOGHYB-4, IET 2021 BOGHYB-5, IET 2021 BOGHYB-6, IET 2021 BOGHYB-6, IET 2021 BOGHYB-7, F1 SUYASH, PRATAP, VIJETA) are evaluated underprayagraj agro-climatic condition. The experiment was laid in randomized block design with three replications. From the present investigation it is concluded that among 10 genotypes of Bottle gourd, 3 genotypes namely; IET 2021/BOGHYB-1 (7.8 kg/plant), VIJETA (7.553 kg/plant) and PRATAP (7.083 kg/plant) exhibited substantially higher fruit yield per plant and performed better for other desirable traits.
Characterizing of Sandy Loam Soil Electrical Conductivity and Cone Index Relationship at Varying Depths in Punjab Region
Authors: Patel Abhishek , Bector Vishal , Singh Manjeet , Singh S. K. , Singh Derminder
Published: July 2023

Soil constitutes a fundamental resource for the production of food and fiber, thereby meeting diverse human needs and sustaining global ecosystems. Soil compaction and electrical conductivity are key soil properties that can significantly impact soil health and contribute to environmental challenges. The findings of the study shed light on the severity of soil compaction, with the highest cone index 4495 kPa value recorded at a depth of 225 mm in sandy loam soil. This highlights the potential limitations on root growth and nutrient uptake, which can have implications for plant productivity and the overall ecosystem. Furthermore, the study examined the electrical conductivity of the soil, which serves as an indicator of soil salinity. Elevated electrical conductivity levels can lead to adverse effects such as reduced crop yields and environmental stress. Bulk density was increased (1.4 to 1.73 Mg/m3) as well as the moisture content of the soil was decreased (7.6 to 4.3 %). Understanding the range of electrical conductivity values observed in the study (11 to 29 mS/m) helps to assess the extent of salinity-related challenges in the studied region. By establishing regression equations between cone index and soil properties like bulk density and moisture content, the study provides valuable insights into the underlying relationships that contribute to soil compaction and its environmental implications. The coefficient of determination (R2) between the bulk density with moisture content and cone index was 0.99 and 0.95, respectively. These findings can assist in the development of strategies to mitigate soil degradation, promote sustainable land management practices, and address environmental concerns related to soil health.
Response of Silkworm (Bombyx mori L.) Breeds to Temperature and BmNPV Stress
Authors: Sharma Palvi , Sharma Arti , Choudhary Sneha , Attri Kapil , Afreen Sumiya , Bali Kamlesh , Gupta Rakesh Kumar
Published: July 2023

Silkworm Bombyx mori L. is one of the most important domesticated insects, which produces luxuriant silk thread in the form of cocoon by consuming mulberry leaves during larval period. The growth and development of silkworm is greatly influenced by environmental conditions. The seasonal differences in the environmental components considerably affect the genotypic expression in the form of phenotypic output of silkworm crop. Bombyx mori nucleopolyhedrovirus (BmNPV) is a pathogen that causes great economic losses in sericulture.  In the present investigation, twelve bivoltine silkworm breeds (WM, ND5, NB4D2, U-4, PO1, ND3, U-6, CSR2, SH6, SPO, U-3 and NSP) were studied for temperature and BmNPV stress. After third and fourth moult silkworm larvae were treated with BmNPV inoculum at 25±1⁰C and 30±1⁰C temperature respectively. Increased mortality was observed at 30±1⁰C when compared to 25±1⁰C. However, with respect to breeds the highest total mortality was recorded in breed PO1 and least in breed U-3. Silkworm breed U-3 may have the ability to tolerate BmNPV incidence and can be exploit for evolving disease-tolerant silkworm hybrids.
Identifying Prominent Environmental Covariates Using Variable Selection Methodologies for Digital Soil Mapping of Tamil Nadu, India
Authors: Kshatriya T. Tarun , Kumaraperumal R. , Muthumanickam D. , Pazhanivelan S. , Ragunath K. P. , Raj M. Nivas
Published: July 2023

High dimensional datasets that depict intricate spatial variations are necessary to predict complex landscape structures and the corresponding soil properties taking into account the size of the research region in addition to the data attributes. The number and quality of the input datasets taken into consideration essentially determine the quantity and quality of the soil properties that may be predicted thanks to data-driven learning algorithms.  The use of variable selection strategies both before and after the prediction can have a significant impact on the outcome and can lower the related computing load. The majority of commonly used variable selection techniques such as correlation analysis, stepwise regression and recursive feature elimination, among others perform recursive statistical/mathematical comparison to identify the significant covariates that improve the effectiveness of the algorithm proposed. In order to identify the effective environmental variables in predicting the soil attribute, this article investigated a widely used recursive ranking method called recursive feature elimination. The covariate layer that produced the lowest RMSE was placed first according to the rankings of the covariates provided by recursive feature elimination. The findings showed that among other factors physiography, mean rainfall, rock outcrop difference ratio, elevation and mean temperature will be effective in predicting the soil properties required for digital soil mapping.
Adoption of Recommended Sustainable Paddy Farming Practices in Telangana State, India
Authors: Rani Akula Latha , Naik V. Ravinder , Reddy M. Jagan Mohan , Sagar G. E. CH. Vidya , Srinivasachary D. , Tuti Mangal Deep
Published: July 2023

Agriculture had a significant negative impact on environment for many decades. More land, fertiliser and pesticides had been used to increase the yield. Sustainable development is development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. According to research, a number of factors can affect farmers' decisions to effectively implement sustainable practises. This present investigation was undertaken during 2021-2023 to specify the item wise adoption of recommended sustainable Paddy farming practices in three districts namely Nizamabad, Khammam and Nalgonda districts representing North, Central and South agro climatic zones of Telangana state, respectively as these three districts account for more Paddy area from amongst the respective zones. Purposive sampling technique was employed for data collection from 216 Paddy farmers. Findings revealed that item wise adoption of recommended sustainable practices, depicts the partial adoption of listed components such as (puddling had complete adoption), selection of variety, selection of certified seed, seed rate, seed treatment (chemical methods had no adoption, pre-germination of Paddy seeds had complete adoption), nursery seed bed raising (sowing at recommended time had complete adoption), age of seedling (maintaining  closer spacing of aged seedlings and increasing  number of aged seedlings per hill had complete adoption), time of transplanting (transplanting in (first fortnight of June-July Kharif), (October -November-Rabi) had complete adoption), method of transplanting (transplanting the recommended number of seedlings per hill had complete adoption), row spacing (maintaining the recommended spacing between the two hills had complete adoption), fertilizers application, weed management, integrated pest and disease management, time of harvesting (harvesting crop at the recommended time had complete adoption) and method of harvesting (harvesting through combine harvester, drying Paddy after harvesting for one to two days and crop rotation like growing legumes before cereals to enhance farms biological stability had complete adoption). It may be a result of the farming experience, farming commitment, education, economic motivation, achievement motivation, connections with extension services, risk orientation and innovativeness in their farming methods drive for success. The aforementioned pattern of findings was also influenced by the efforts of line departments and front-line extension organisations like the District Agricultural Advisory and Transfer of Technology Centre and Krishi Vigyan Kendra’s.
Effect of Biofortification with Zinc and Iron on Growth Parameters, Yield Attributes and Yield of Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.)
Authors: Tiwari Tapasya , Tiwari U. S. , Sharma Sanjeev , Pandey Hanuman Prasad , Sachan Ravindra , Kumar Dharmendra , Kumar Sumit , Singh Krishna Kumar
Published: July 2023

A field experiment was conducted during Rabi season of 2021-2022 at Students' Instructional Farm (S.I.F.) of Chandra Shekhar Azad University of Agriculture and Technology, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh to evaluate the effect of biofortification with zinc and iron on growth parameters, yield attributes and yield of Barley. The present experiment having 16 treatment combinations replicated thrice in factorial randomized block design. Barley variety Prakhar (K 1055) (K508/NDB1081) was grown with recommended agronomic practices. On the basis of the results emanated from present investigation, it could be concluded that application of 100% RDF + soil application of Zn @ 25 kg ZnSO4 ha-1 + two foliar application of Fe (0.5%) significantly recorded maximum growth parameters such as plant height (102.00 cm) and number of effective tillers (302.00 m-2) and maximum yield attributing characters such as ear length (8.9 cm), number of grains spike-1 (50.75) and test weight (42.497 g).  The result showed highest grain yield (59.55 q ha-1), straw yield (69.673 q ha-1), biological yield (129.22 q ha-1) and harvest index (46.08 %) with 100% RDF + soil application of Zn @ 25 kg ZnSO4 ha-1 + two foliar application of Fe (0.5%) in comparison to all the treatments during 2021-2022.
Green Grams (Vigna radiata L.) Performance in Post Mined Soils When Subjected to Organic and Inorganic Fertilizers
Authors: Muchomba Mercy Kiende , Muindi Esther Mwende , Mulinge Jackson Muema , Wamukota Andrew Wekesa , Kazungu Florence Kadzo , Kiponda Omar , Okello Nick , Wekesa Geoffrey
Published: July 2023

Though mining promotes global industrialization and economy, it disrupts natural ecosystem that calls for sustainable reclamation. A field study was conducted at Base titanium limited - Kwale County to investigate the potential of mined soils to support growth and yield of green grams when subjected to organic and inorganic fertilizers. A two factor experiment was laid down in RCBD with split plot arrangement and three replications. Green gram varieties (KS20 and N26) and amendments (organic and inorganic fertilizers) were tested. Obtained data that included: soil properties, plant height, leaf development, pods and grains per plant, root nodules, biomass, and grain yield was subjected to ANOVA using the Genstat statistical package and means ranked using Fisher's protected least significant difference at (P≤0.05). Results showed that combined manure and fertilizer significantly improved plant plant height by 36% and 36.4% for KS20 and N26 varieties respectively in season one and, 23% and 23% for KS20 and N26 varieties respectively in season two compared to unfertilized soils. Similarly, leaf development was increased by 54.9% and 52.2% for KS20 and N26 varieties respectively in season one and, 46.1% and 37% for KS20 and N26 varieties respectively in season two compared to unfertilized soils. Sole manure and sole fertilizer did not have significant effect on plant height and leaf development. Combined application of manure and fertilizer did not have significant influence on green gram nodulation, shoot and root dry matter accumulation, number of seeds per pod and pods per plant. It however increased N26 variety grain yield in the second season alone. Additionally, grains harvested from the post mined soils had adequate levels of phosphorus, Iron, Zinc, magnesium, potassium, and low levels of calcium and copper. Although the findings show that this post mined soils have the capacity to support green gram growth, further research to ascertain long term effects of green gram establishment on profile development, biological nitrogen fixation, enterprise return to capital and crops response after application of all limiting nutrients is recommended.
Response of Boron and Molybdenum on Growth and Yield of Black Gram (Vigna mungo L.)
Authors: Pandey Shruti , Dawson Joy
Published: July 2023

A experiment was conducted in Crop Research Farm in department of agronomy during Zaid season of 2023 on Black gram crop. The treatment consisted of 3 levels of Boron (3000,4000,5000 ppm/ha) and Molybdenum (600,700,800 ppm/ha) as foliar spray and control. The experiment was lay out in Randomized Block Design (RBD) with 10 treatments and replicated thrice. Application of Boron (5000ppm/ha) and Molybdenum (800ppm/ha) produced higher Plant height (48.47 cm), more dry weight/plant (9.43 g), maximum number of pods per plant (29.80), number of branches/plant (32.07),number of nodules per plant (6.80),crop growth rate (2.68g/m2/day), number of seeds per pod (7.73), Test weight (40.20 g), Seed yield (1.39t/ha), Stover yield (2.99 t/ha).Treatment combination with Boron (5000ppm/ha) and Molybdenum (800ppm/ha) highest  gross return (69500.00INR/ha), net return (43209.90INR/ha) and benefit cost ratio (1.64) when compared to the control (RDF).
Study of Genetic Variability among Some Petunia Hybrids at Chhattisgarh Plains
Authors: Lalrintluangi Juliana , Tamrakar S. K. , Shrivastava Rajeev
Published: July 2023

The present investigation entitled “Study of genetic variability among some petunia hybrids at Chhattisgarh plains” was carried out during the year 2022-23 at the Horticultural Research cum Instructional farm, College of Agriculture, Indira Gandhi Krishi Vishwavidyalaya Raipur (C.G.). The experiment was laid out in a Completely Randomized Design in three replications using 10 genotypes, viz., Daddy, Eagle, Dreams, Success 360, Mirage, Supercascade, Tritunia Crimson Star, Double Duo, Double Pirouette Rose and Double Glorious. The analysis of variance revealed significant differences for all the characters. The variability was studied among these different genotypes. The highest range as well as the highest GCV and PCV was found in the number of flowers per plant. The heritability ranged between 48.74 (plant spread at 90 days) to 99.97 per cent (number of leaves at 75 days). High heritability (>60%) was found in almost all characters. Genetic advance and genetic advance as per cent of mean were found to be maximum for number of leaves at 90 days (26.66) and leaf area (43.69) respectively. High heritability coupled with a high genetic gain was also observed in some characters indicating that these characters are most suitable for selective breeding.
Volume and Status of Agricultural Labourers’ Migration in Bidar District, Karnataka, India
Authors: Veershetty  , Muhsina A. , Chigadolli Mutteppa , Nayak G. H. Harish , Avinash G. , Baishya Moumita , Megeri S. N.
Published: July 2023

The study was carried out in the Bidar district of Kalyana Karnataka where a people's migration is big. Three talukas were chosen based on the highest labour force from the district. In specific, they were Bidar, Bhalki, and Basavakalyan. In random selection, four villages from each taluka were selected. The primary data was taken via the personal interview process from a total of 240 samples randomly from every taluka for the experiment, with 80 samples. The gravity model results revealed that the rate of migration and volume of migration decreases as the distance to the destination increases.  A logistic regression model was fitted for Bidar district migration results for three talukas viz. Basavakalyan, Bhalki and Bidar. The results displayed that with the odd ratios more than unit, per capita land holding was negatively significant, so we can interpret that lower per capita land holding caused more migration. The other features viz., family size, with unit or less than unit value for odd ratio, it was positively significant for some villages and negative for others. The positive significance displayed that the migration was more affected when the family size was high, the other factor was education, the model disclosed that educates migrate more than illiterates do due to underemployment. Income including migrants' income (IMI) had a positive influence and income excluding migrants’ income (EMI) had a negative influence on migration. This tells us that for having a high income for a family, any member of the family should migrate. Both Wilcoxon’s signed rank and t-tests displayed that for better income and lifestyle of a people they should migrate because the migrated people situation is upgraded in this study.
Core-shell Fe3O4/SiO2/TiO2 Magnetic Modified Ag for the Photocatalytic Degradation of Congo Red Dye and Antibacterial Activity
Authors: Hariani Poedji Loekitowati , Salni Salni , Said Muhammad , Farahdiba Rahfi
Published: July 2023

Disposal of dye wastewater can induce detrimental consequences for human health and the environment. The study aims to synthesize composites consisting of core-shell Fe3O4/SiO2/TiO2 modified with Ag. The composites comprise a Fe3O4 core, a SiO2 interlayer, and a TiO2 shell, with Ag being mobilized on the surface of the core and shell structures. Fe3O4/SiO2/TiO2@Ag composite was employed in the photocatalytic degradation of Congo red dye and antibacterial activity test. The degradation was facilitated by visible light irradiation while considering different factors such as pH solution, the photocatalyst dosage, and the dye's initial concentration. The composite was characterized using X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR), Scanning Electron Microscopy-Electron Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (SEM-EDS), Vibrating Sample Magnetometer (VSM), and UV-Vis Diffuse Reflectance Spectroscopy (UV-Vis DRS). The findings indicated that the composite exhibited strong magnetic, measuring 49.4 emu/g, with a band gap of 2.92 eV. The composite showed commendable catalytic properties, with degradation efficiency of 96.52% for Congo red dye under conditions: a pH solution of 4, a dosage of 0.5 g/L, and a dye concentration of 10 mg/L at 100 min of irradiation. The photocatalytic degradation kinetic is align with pseudo-first-order reactions. The composite also exhibits remarkable stability and efficiency with 4.83% decline in degradation efficiency after five cycles. Fe3O4/SiO2/TiO2@Ag composite exhibited antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus with a Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) value of 250 mg/L. Copyright © 2023 by Authors, Published by BCREC Group. This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0).
Por que Seguimos Regras? Analisando o Exemplo da Prevenção a COVID-19
Authors: Paracampo Carla Cristina P. , Proença Roberta C. , Goulart Paulo Roney K.
Published: July 2023

The COVID-19 pandemic required the world’s population to quickly learn new behaviors that would help prevent the spread and contamination of the coronavirus. The presentation of rules that described these behaviors and their eff ectiveness was one of the strategies used by governments, scientifi c communities, and the media to produce the required behavioral changes. However, there was resistance on the part of the population to follow these rules. This study sought to describe and analyze the possible eff ects of some variables on the occurrence and maintenance of rule-following that prevented contamination by COVID-19, in the light of scientifi c evidence from the behavioral-analytic literature. The variables were: rule understanding, rule complexity, biological conditions and behavioral repertoire of the listener, environmental conditions, who is the speaker, consequences produced by following the rule, formal properties of rules, confl icting rules, and individual history of the listener. The results indicated that understanding the rule is not a suffi cient condition for following it. The interaction between favorable and unfavorable variables to which a listener is exposed changes the probability of following rules. This study exemplifi es how identifying appropriate ways of presenting rules and making them more probable increases the chance of preserving the lives of the world’s population.Keywords: Rules, rule-following, COVID-19, pandemic, prevention
Futility in Clinical Trials
Authors: Wendelberger Barbara , Lewis Roger J.
Published: July 2023

This JAMA Guide to Statistics and Methods discusses the early stopping of clinical trials for futility due to lack of evidence supporting the desired benefit, evidence of harm, or practical issues that make successful completion unlikely.
Guidelines for Diagnosis and Management of Infective Endocarditis in Adults
Authors: McDonald Emily G. , Aggrey Gloria , Aslan Abdullah Tarık , Casias Michael , Cortes-Penfield Nicolas , Dong Mei Qin (Denise) , Egbert Susan , Footer Brent , Isler Burcu , King Madeline , Maximos Mira , Wuerz Terence C. , Azim Ahmed Abdul , Alza-Arcila Jhongert , Bai Anthony D. , Blyth Michelle , Boyles Tom , Caceres Juan , Clark Devin , Davar Kusha , Denholm Justin T. , Forrest Graeme , Ghanem Bassam , Hagel Stefan , Hanretty Alexandra , Hamilton Fergus , Jent Philipp , Kang Minji , Kludjian Geena , Lahey Tim , Lapin Jonathan , Lee Rachael , Li Timothy , Mehta Dhara , Moore Jessica , Mowrer Clayton , Ouellet Georges , Reece Rebecca , Ryder Jonathan H. , Sanctuaire Alexandre , Sanders James M. , Stoner Bobbi Jo , So Jessica M. , Tessier Jean-François , Tirupathi Raghavendra , Tong Steven Y. C. , Wald-Dickler Noah , Yassin Arsheena , Yen Christina , Spellberg Brad , Lee Todd C.
Published: July 2023

Importance

Practice guidelines often provide recommendations in which the strength of the recommendation is dissociated from the quality of the evidence.

Objective

To create a clinical guideline for the diagnosis and management of adult bacterial infective endocarditis (IE) that addresses the gap between the evidence and recommendation strength.

Evidence Review

This consensus statement and systematic review applied an approach previously established by the WikiGuidelines Group to construct collaborative clinical guidelines. In April 2022 a call to new and existing members was released electronically (social media and email) for the next WikiGuidelines topic, and subsequently, topics and questions related to the diagnosis and management of adult bacterial IE were crowdsourced and prioritized by vote. For each topic, PubMed literature searches were conducted including all years and languages. Evidence was reported according to the WikiGuidelines charter: clear recommendations were established only when reproducible, prospective, controlled studies provided hypothesis-confirming evidence. In the absence of such data, clinical reviews were crafted discussing the risks and benefits of different approaches.

Findings

A total of 51 members from 10 countries reviewed 587 articles and submitted information relevant to 4 sections: establishing the diagnosis of IE (9 questions); multidisciplinary IE teams (1 question); prophylaxis (2 questions); and treatment (5 questions). Of 17 unique questions, a clear recommendation could only be provided for 1 question: 3 randomized clinical trials have established that oral transitional therapy is at least as effective as intravenous (IV)–only therapy for the treatment of IE. Clinical reviews were generated for the remaining questions.

Conclusions and Relevance

In this consensus statement that applied the WikiGuideline method for clinical guideline development, oral transitional therapy was at least as effective as IV-only therapy for the treatment of IE. Several randomized clinical trials are underway to inform other areas of practice, and further research is needed.
Outcomes and Treatment Approaches for Super-Refractory Status Epilepticus
Authors: Cornwall Camilla Dyremose , Krøigård Thomas , Kristensen Joachim Sejr Skovbo , Callesen Henriette Edemann , Beier Christoph Patrick
Published: July 2023

Importance

Super-refractory status epilepticus (SRSE) is defined as status epilepticus (SE) that continues or recurs 24 hours or more after the onset of anesthetic therapy or recurs on the reduction/withdrawal of anesthesia. Current clinical knowledge of the disease and optimal treatment approach is sparse.

Objective

To systematically assess clinical characteristics, causes, outcomes, prognostic factors, and treatment approaches for patients with SRSE.

Design, Setting, and Participants

In this systematic review and meta-analysis, all studies reporting adult patients (18 years or older) diagnosed with nonanoxic SRSE were considered for inclusion, irrespective of study design. The databases used were MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, EMBASE, and ClinicalTrials.org (database inception through May 5, 2022).

Data extraction and synthesis

The study complied with the PRISMA guidelines for reporting, data extraction, and data synthesis. Different tools were used to assess risk of bias. All available data were extracted and missing data were neither imputed nor completed by contacting the study authors.

Main outcome and measures

Successful treatment of SRSE, in-hospital mortality, and disability at discharge (estimated modified Rankin Scale).

Results

The study team identified a total of 95 articles and 30 conference abstracts reporting 1200 patients with nonanoxic SRSE (266 individual patients were available for meta-analysis). They had a mean SRSE duration of 36.3 days, mean age of 40.8 years, and equal sex distribution. Patients with SRSE had a distinct pattern of etiologies where acute cerebral events and unknown etiologies accounted for 41.6% and 22.3% of all etiologies, respectively. Reports of SRSE caused by, eg, alcohol, drugs, or tumors were rare. At discharge, only 26.8% had none to slight disability (none, 16 [8.4%]; nonsignificant and slight disability, 35 [18.4%]). In-hospital mortality was 24.1%. Mortality stabilized after long-term treatment (more than 28 days) but with increased rates of seizure cessation and moderate to severe disability. Established prognostic factors, such as age and etiology, were not associated with in-hospital mortality. Reported treatment with ketamine, phenobarbital, other barbiturates, vagus nerve stimulator, and ketogenic diet were not associated with outcome.

Conclusion and Relevance

Patients with SRSE are distinct due to their pattern of care (eg, long-term treatment to younger patients without negative prognostic factors and unknown/nonmalignant etiologies) and their natural course of SE. Very long-term treatment was associated with lower mortality and high odds of cessation of SRSE but increased risk of moderate to severe disability.
Effectiveness of a support program for balancing treatment and work in small and medium-sized enterprises promoted by occupational health nurse using a web meeting system: A cluster randomized controlled trial
Authors: Abe Hitomi , Nishikido Noriko
Published: July 2023

Objectives

In this study, we conducted a cluster randomized controlled trial to verify the effectiveness of a treatment work balance support (TWBS) program promoted by occupational health nurses (OHNs) in small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) using a web meeting system.

Methods

We analyzed data from 64 managers (32 each in the control and intervention groups) and 541 workers (246 and 295 in the control and intervention groups, respectively) from 22 SMEs (11 in each group) with less than 200 workers. The TWBS program comprised online consultations for managers and seminars for workers by an OHN. TWBS leaflets were distributed among both groups. The “Recognition and Attitude Scale toward TWBS” was administered and workplace climate, psychological safety (PS), and work engagement (WE) scores were measured at baseline and endpoint. The increase in scores of each group was analyzed using a linear mixed-effects model.

Results

Increases in managers’ scores on all three recognition and attitude subscales were significantly greater in the intervention than in the control group (P = .048, .003, and .032, respectively). Workers’ score increases were significantly higher on two subscales—recognition of workplace initiatives and understanding of professionals’ roles—in the intervention than in the control group (P = .043 and .001, respectively). There was no difference between the two groups in the amount of increase in PS and WE, as perceived by managers and workers.

Conclusions

The TWBS program promoted by OHN increased recognition and attitude among SME managers and workers, indicating the usability of promoting TWBS in SMEs.
Accuracy of Financial Disclosures in US‐Based Rheumatology Journals
Authors: Guan Mary L. , Pillinger Michael H. , Abeles Aryeh M.
Published: July 2023

Objective

Transparency of disclosure in publication is necessary for readers to be aware of any potential conflicts of interest (PCOIs). Past studies of accuracy of disclosure in rheumatology journals have focused exclusively on clinical practice guidelines and not research works. We assessed discrepancy in reporting PCOIs in clinically oriented manuscripts published in the three top‐ranked (by impact factor) US‐based general rheumatology journals.

Methods

We reviewed disclosures provided by first, second, and last authors of 50 published clinically oriented articles in each of the three top‐ranked general US rheumatology journals. For each author, we extracted payment reports from the Open Payments Database (OPD) related to consulting fees, honoraria, and speaker or faculty compensation. We defined a PCOI as a payment received from a company with an ongoing clinical trial or a medication on the market related to the manuscript's subject matter within the 36 months before the online publication date. We additionally analyzed each author individually to determine whether their reported disclosures matched PCOIs from the OPD.

Results

Of 150 articles analyzed, 101 included authors with PCOIs. Ninety‐two of these 101 publications (92%) contained inaccurate (non‐ or under‐) disclosures. Among 135 authors with PCOIs, 118 reported inaccurately (87%). All 14 articles that published clinical trial results (and all 23 of their qualifying authors) had disclosure inaccuracies.

Conclusion

Inaccurate financial disclosure by authors remains an issue in clinically oriented research studies reported in top rheumatology journals. Improved community education and firmer expectations would permit readers to better assess any possible impact of PCOIs on publications.
Shooting Three Birds with One Stone: The Regulation of Zn2+, H2O, and OH Kinetics for Stable Zn‐Metal Anodes with a Multifunctional Sieve
Authors: Zhang Hui , Wu Yongjian , Yu Jing , Jiang Tongtong , Wu Mingzai
Published: July 2023

Zn‐metal anode for Zn ion battery (ZIB) suffers from multiple catastrophic issues (severe corrosion reaction, concomitant hydrogen evolution, and dendrite growth) that are always intricate and are inevitably interactional, setting up critical obstacle for application of ZIB. Herein, a multifunctional sieve (MS) consisting of inorganic nanolayers and organic molecule layers is proposed to solve these issues synchronously based on its trifunctional roles (accelerating Zn2+, repelling H2O, and binding OH). As a prototype, porous nano‐architecture MS composed of steric acid molecule layer and TiO2 nanosheets (derived from MXene) (SA@TiO2‐MS) is deliberately created on the surface of zinc anodes (Zn@SA@TiO2‐MS) employing in situ self‐assembly strategy. Theoretical calculations together with proof‐of‐experiment prove that SA@TiO2‐MS can alleviate the growth of Zn dendrites, mitigate hydrogen evolution, relieve corrosion reaction, via the acceleration of the Zn2+ diffusion, the repelling of H2O with hydrophobic SA layer, as well as the bonding of OH with TiO2 layer. As a result, Zn@SA@TiO2‐MS||Zn@SA@TiO2‐MS symmetric cell achieves a lifespan up to 1100 h at 5 mA cm−2. In addition, the full‐cell by pairing carbon‐cloth@MnO2 with Zn@SA@TiO2‐MS delivered capacity retention of 70.3% after 2000 cycles. This work proposes fundamentally a more comprehensive approach to balance the issues faced by Zn‐metal anode.
Exploring Multifunctionality in MgO‐Based Magnetic Tunnel Junctions with Coexisting Magnetoresistance and Memristive Properties
Authors: Schulman Alejandro , Paz Elvira , Böhnert Tim , Jenkins Alex Steven , Ferreira Ricardo
Published: July 2023

Magnetic tunnel junctions (MTJs) and memristors are two key emerging nanotechnologies that attracted significant interest for potential applications at the forefront of the digital revolution, including sensing, data storage, and non‐conventional computation. The co‐integration of these phenomena into a single multifunctional device is an important step toward harnessing the re‐programmability of memristive systems with the high yield and varied functionality of MTJs. This study demonstrates the co‐existence of magnetoresistance and memristive properties on MgO‐based MTJs. These devices show a magnetoresistance with a linear response as a function of a magnetic field and no hysteresis, which are the requirements for good magnetic field sensors, as well as demonstrating a non‐volatile and quasi‐analogue memristive behavior as a function of an applied electrical field down to nanosecond pulses. Furthermore, by doping the oxide barrier, the memristive power consumption is lowered by 20% giving the multi‐functionality of the devices a promising scalability potential. This study also shows that, memristive switching can be reversibly used to completely suppress and recover the spintronic functionalities. These results can pave the way for a seamless co‐integration of memristors and spintronic devices in complex reprogrammable circuits addressing applications such as reprogrammable multifunctional field sensor arrays and neuromorphic computing.
4D Additive–Subtractive Manufacturing of Shape Memory Ceramics
Authors: Liu Guo , Zhang Xiaofeng , Lu Xinya , Zhao Yan , Zhou Zhifeng , Xu Jingjun , Yin Jianan , Tang Tao , Wang Peiyu , Yi Shenghui , Fan Jiafeng , Zhuo Xueshi , Chan Yu Hin , Wong Wui Leung , Bian Haidong , Zuo Jun , Dai Yu , Wu Jian , Lu Jian
Published: July 2023

The development of high‐temperature structural materials, such as ceramics, is limited by their extremely high melting points and the difficulty in building complicated architectures. Four‐dimensional (4D) printing helps enhance the geometrical flexibility of ceramics. However, ceramic 4D printing systems are limited by the separate processes for shape and material transformations, low accuracy of morphing systems, low resolution of ceramic structures, and their time‐intensive nature. Here, a paradigm for a one‐step shape/material transformation, high‐2D/3D/4D‐precision, high‐efficiency, and scalable 4D additive–subtractive manufacturing of shape memory ceramics is developed. Original/reverse and global/local multimode shape memory capabilities are achieved using macroscale SiOC‐based ceramic materials. The uniformly deposited Al2O3‐rich layer on the printed SiOC‐based ceramic lattice structures results in an unusually high flame ablation performance of the complex‐shaped ceramics. The proposed framework is expected to broaden the applications of high‐temperature structural materials in the aerospace, electronics, biomedical, and art fields.
A Breakthrough in Solution‐Processed Ultra‐Deep‐Blue HLCT OLEDs: A Record External Quantum Efficiency Exceeding 10% Based on Novel V‐Shaped Emitters
Authors: Liao Chuanxin , Chen Bo , Xie Qi , Li Xianggao , Liu Hongli , Wang Shirong
Published: July 2023

It is always a great challenge to achieve high‐efficiency solution‐processed ultra‐deep‐blue organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs) with the Commission Internationale de l'Eclairage (CIE) 1931 chromaticity coordinates matching the blue primary of Rec. International Telecommunication Union‐Radiocommunication BT.2100, which specifies high dynamic range television image parameters. Inspired by hybrid local and charge transfer (HLCT) excited state emitters improving exciton utilization through high‐lying reverse intersystem crossing, here, a series of high‐performance blue emitters by a V‐shaped symmetric donor (D)–π–acceptor (A)–π–D design strategy are developed. Here, the large torsions and unstable bonds of D–A structures can be improved through π bridges, and also the conjugation length and donor groups can be easily adjusted. The obtained emitters merit excellent photophysical and electrochemical properties, thermal stability, solution processibility, and HLCT excited state excellence. Results suggest that the OLEDs based on the obtained blue emitters all achieve high maximum external quantum efficiency (EQEmax) of more than 8% with very low efficiency roll‐off. In particular, the device based on 4ʹ,5ʹ‐bis(4‐(9H‐carbazol‐9‐yl)phenyl)spiro[fluorene‐9,2ʹ‐imidazole] exhibits a satisfactory ultra‐deep‐blue emission (CIEx,y = 0.1579, 0.0387) and a record‐high EQEmax (10.40%) among solution‐processed HLCT OLEDs, which is very close to the record EQEmax of devices by vacuum vapor deposition technology.
Embedded Host/Guest Alloy Aggregations Enable High‐Performance Ternary Organic Photovoltaics
Authors: Wang Xiaoning , Wang Jianxiao , Wang Pengchao , Han Chenyu , Bi Fuzhen , Wang Junjie , Zheng Nan , Sun Cheng , Li Yonghai , Bao Xichang
Published: July 2023

The ternary strategy has been intensively studied to improve the power conversion efficiencies of organic photovoltaics. Thereinto, the location of the guest component plays a critical role, but few reports have been devoted to this concern. Hereon, the distribution of LA1 as a guest acceptor in a variety of ternary scenarios is reported and the dominating driving forces of managing the guest distribution and operating modes are outlined. Governed by the appropriate relationship of compatibility, crystallinity, and surface energies between host and guest acceptors, as well as interfacial interactions between donor and dual acceptors, most of the LA1 molecules permeate into the internal of host acceptor phases, forming embedded host/guest alloy‐like aggregations. The characteristic distributions greatly optimize the morphologies, maximize energy transfer, and enhance exciton/charge behaviors. Particularly, PM6:IT‐4F:LA1 ternary cells afford high efficiency of 15.27% with impressive fill factors (FF) over 81%. The popularization studies further verify the superiority of the LA1‐involved alloy structures, and with the Y6‐family acceptor as the host component, an outstanding efficiency of 19.17% is received. The results highlight the importance of guest distribution in ternary systems and shed light on the governing factors of distributing the guests in ternary cells.
Achiral Fluorinated Aromatic Ligands Based Chiral Hybrid Antimony Halides with High‐Efficiency Second‐Harmonic Generation
Authors: Ge Fei , Cheng Puxin , Li Quanwen , Xu Jialiang , Bu Xian‐He
Published: July 2023

Hybrid organic−inorganic metal halides (HOMHs) have emerged as an ideal platform for the construction of semiconductor materials with promising optoelectronic properties. A number of HOMHs based on different metals including Sb3+ have been demonstrated with second‐harmonic generation (SHG) properties, but their nonlinear optical (NLO) performances including effective conversion wavelength range, optical stability, and NLO coefficients are not yet satisfactory. Here, by adopting a molecular design involving fluorine‐substitution on the achiral organic ammonium, this work has synthesized single crystals of two new chiral noncentrosymmetric HOMHs, (2‐FPEA)2SbX5 (X = Cl and Br), with large polarization ratios and outstanding optical transparency. The second‐order NLO coefficients of (2‐FPEA)2SbCl5 and (2‐FPEA)2SbBr5 are determined to be ≈24.3 and 21.6 pm V−1. Significantly, the Sb3+‐based HOMHs enable very high thermal stability and laser resistance. The distinguished laser‐induced damage thresholds (LDTs) have been estimated to be as high as 3.44 mJ cm−2 for (2‐FPEA)2SbCl5 and 3.32 mJ cm−2 for (2‐FPEA)2SbBr5, higher than that of the reported HOMHs. Such a highly efficient SHG performance and stability indicate the promising future of these Sb3+‐based metal halides for nonlinear photonic applications.
Optical Binding of Metal Nanoparticles Self‐Reinforced by Plasmonic Surface Lattice Resonances
Authors: Qi Tailei , Nan Fan , Yan Zijie
Published: July 2023

Optical binding of metal nanoparticles (NPs) provides a promising way to create tunable photonic materials and devices, where the ultrastrong interparticle interaction is generally attributed to the localized surface plasmon resonances of NPs. Here, it is revealed that the optical binding of metal NPs can be self‐reinforced by the plasmonic surface lattice resonances (PSLRs) associated with the discrete NP arrays. Through simulations and experiments, it is demonstrated that PSLRs can spontaneously arise in optically bound gold NP chains with just a few NPs when they are relatively large, e.g., 150 nm in diameter. Additionally, the PSLRs are enhanced by increasing the chain length, leading to stronger optical binding stiffness. These results reveal a previously unidentified factor that contributes to the ultrastrong optical binding of metal NPs. More importantly, this study presents a prospect for building freestanding and reconfigurable NP arrays that naturally support PLSRs for sensing and other applications.
Fracture Resistance Biomechanisms of Walnut Shell with High‐Strength and Toughening
Authors: Wang Lizhen , Xu Peng , Yin Huan , Yue Yanxian , Kang Wei , Liu Jinglong , Fan Yubo
Published: July 2023

Walnut shell is lightweight material with high‐strength and toughening characteristics, but it is different from other nut shells’ microstructure with two or three short sclerotic cell layers and long bundle fibers. It is essential to explore the fracture resistance biomechanism of lightweight walnut shell and how to prevent damage of bionic structure. In this study, it is found that the asymmetric mass center and geometric center dissipated impact energy to the whole shell without loading concentration in the loading area. Diaphragma juglandis is a special structure improved walnut shell's toughening. The S‐shape gradient porosity/elastic modulus distribution combined with pits on single auxetic sclerotic cells requires higher energy to crack expansion, then decreases its fracture behavior. These fantastic findings inspire to design fracture resistance devices including helmets, armor, automobile anti‐collision beams, and re‐entry capsule in spacecraft.
Anisotropic Electronic Structure of the 2D Electron Gas at the AlOx/KTaO3(110) Interface
Authors: Martínez Emanuel A. , Dai Ji , Tallarida Massimo , Nemes Norbert M. , Bruno Flavio Y.
Published: July 2023

Oxide‐based 2D electron gases (2DEGs) have generated significant interest due to their potential for discovering novel physical properties. Among these, 2DEGs formed in KTaO3 stand out due to the recently discovered crystal face‐dependent superconductivity and large Rashba splitting, both of which hold potential for future oxide electronics devices. In this work, angle‐resolved photoemission spectroscopy is used to study the electronic structure of the 2DEG formed at the (110) surface of KTaO3 after deposition of a thin Al layer. The experiments reveal a remarkable anisotropy in the orbital character of the electron‐like dispersive bands, which form a Fermi surface consisting of two elliptical contours with their major axes perpendicular to each other. The measured electronic structure is used to constrain the modeling parameters of self‐consistent tight‐binding slab calculations of the band structure. In these calculations, an anisotropic Rashba splitting is found with a value as large as 4 meV at the Fermi level along the [−110] crystallographic direction. This large unconventional and anisotropic Rashba splitting is rationalized based on the orbital angular momentum formulation. These findings provide insights into the interpretation of spin‐orbitronics experiments and help to constrain models for superconductivity in the KTO(110)‐2DEG system.