bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Towards Preventative Psychiatry: Concurrent and Longitudinal Predictors of Postnatal Maternal-Infant Bonding
Authors: Doyle Frances L. , Dickson Sophie J. , Eapen Valsamma , Frick Paul J. , Kimonis Eva R. , Hawes David J. , Moul Caroline , Richmond Jenny L. , Mehta Divya , Dadds Mark R.
Published: May 2022

Maternal-infant bonding is important for children’s positive development. Poor maternal-infant bonding is a risk factor for negative mother and infant outcomes. Although researchers have examined individual predictors of maternal-infant bonding, studies typically do not examine several concurrent and longitudinal predictors within the same model. This study aimed to evaluate the unique and combined predictive power of cross-sectional and longitudinal predictors of maternal-infant bonding. Participants were 372 pregnant women recruited from an Australian hospital. Data were collected from mothers at antenatal appointments (T0), following their child’s birth (T1), and at a laboratory assessment when their child was 5-11-months-old (T2). Poorer bonding at T2 was predicted at T0 by younger maternal age, higher education, and higher antenatal depressive symptoms. Poorer bonding at T2 was predicted at T1 by younger maternal age, higher education, and higher postnatal depressive symptoms. Poorer bonding at T2 was predicted at T2 by younger maternal age, higher education, higher postnatal depression symptoms, higher concurrent perceived social support, and more difficult infant temperament, when controlling for child age at T2. To promote positive maternal-infant bonding, global and targeted interventions in the perinatal period may benefit from targeting maternal psychopathology, perceived lack of social support, and coping with difficult infant temperament.
Designing Transparency for Effective Human-AI Collaboration
Authors: Vössing Michael , Kühl Niklas , Lind Matteo , Satzger Gerhard
Published: May 2022

The field of artificial intelligence (AI) is advancing quickly, and systems can increasingly perform a multitude of tasks that previously required human intelligence. Information systems can facilitate collaboration between humans and AI systems such that their individual capabilities complement each other. However, there is a lack of consolidated design guidelines for information systems facilitating the collaboration between humans and AI systems. This work examines how agent transparency affects trust and task outcomes in the context of human-AI collaboration. Drawing on the 3-Gap framework, we study agent transparency as a means to reduce the information asymmetry between humans and the AI. Following the Design Science Research paradigm, we formulate testable propositions, derive design requirements, and synthesize design principles. We instantiate two design principles as design features of an information system utilized in the hospitality industry. Further, we conduct two case studies to evaluate the effects of agent transparency: We find that trust increases when the AI system provides information on its reasoning, while trust decreases when the AI system provides information on sources of uncertainty. Additionally, we observe that agent transparency improves task outcomes as it enhances the accuracy of judgemental forecast adjustments.
Sorption of Palladium(II) from Aqueous Solution Using Diphenylthiocarbazone Immobilized onto Kieselguhr
Authors: Gamal R. , Rizk S. E. , El-Hefny N. E.
Published: May 2022

Kieselguhr was immobilized with diphenylthiocarbazone (dithizone) and utilized as a new sorbent to extract palladium ions from an aqueous solution. The physicochemical features of the immobilized kieselguhr (K–Dz) were specified by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and thermogravimetric analysis–differential thermal analysis. The average crystal size of the prepared material was found to be 24.41 nm. The sorption potential of the immobilized kieselguhr for the extraction of Pd(II) and La(III) in a batch mode was studied. The effects of pH, shaking time as well as the initial concentration of metals have been examined. The results demonstrate that the optimum pH was found to be 4.5 and the equilibrium was attained within 15.0 min. The adsorption kinetics and equilibrium data were well described by the pseudo-second-order kinetic model and Sips isothermal model with a maximum sorption capacity of 20.3 (mg/g). Thermodynamic parameters of the studied metal ions show that the process is spontaneous and endothermic in nature. The desorption process of Pd(II) was highly managed using acidified thiourea giving a desorption percent of approximately 80.0%. The separation possibility of Pd(II) from some metal ions such as La(III) was achieved successfully. The developed (K–Dz) composite method was applied for the recovery and separation of Pd(II) and other metal ions from a simulated automotive catalyst leachate solution. The results indicated that the (K–Dz) composite has a good reusability potential.
Diatom-inferred centennial-millennial postglacial climate change in the Pacific Northwest of North America
Authors: Egan Joanne , Fletcher William J. , Allott Timothy E. H.
Published: May 2022

A diatom record from Moss Lake, Washington, USA spans the last 14,500 cal year and revealed Holocene climate change in the Pacific Northwest (PNW), including evidence for periodicities related to ocean-atmosphere teleconnections and/or variations in solar output. Three main climate phases were identified: (i) Late Pleistocene to early Greenlandian (until 10,800 cal year BP, spanning GI-1, GS-1), with a cold climate and low diatom abundance; (ii) early Greenlandian to Northgrippian (10,800–7500 cal year BP), shifting to a warmer climate; and (iii) late Northgrippian and Meghalayan from 7500 cal year BP onwards, with a cooler, moist climate. These climate shifts are in good agreement with the pollen record from the same core and other regional studies. Fluctuations in Discostella pseudostelligera and Aulacoseira taxa suggest climate cycles of different frequency and amplitude throughout the record. Spectral and wavelet analyses revealed periodicities of approximately 1400 and 400–500 years. We interpret the ~ 1400-year and ~ 400–500-year cycles to reflect alternating periods of enhanced (and reduced) convective mixing in the water column, associated with increased (and decreased) storms, resulting from ocean–atmosphere teleconnections in the wider Pacific region. The ~ 1400-year periodicity is evident throughout the Late Pleistocene and late Northgrippian/Meghalayan, reflecting high-amplitude millennial shifts from periods of stable thermal stratification of the water column (weak wind intensity) to periods of convective mixing (high wind intensity). The millennial cycle diminishes during the Greenlandian, in association with the boreal summer insolation maximum, consistent with suppression of ENSO-like dynamics by enhanced trade winds. Ocean–atmosphere teleconnection suppression is recorded throughout the PNW, but there is a time discrepancy with other records, some that reveal suppression during the Greenlandian and others during the Northgrippian, suggesting endogenic processes may also modulate the Moss Lake diatom record. The large amplitude of millennial variability indicated by the lake data suggests that regional climate in the PNW was characterised over the longer term by shifting influences of ocean–atmosphere dynamics and that an improved understanding of the external forcing is necessary for understanding past and future climate conditions in western North America.
Mapping terrestrial ecosystem health in drylands: comparison of field-based information with remotely sensed data at watershed level
Authors: Safaei Mojdeh , Bashari Hossein , Kleinebecker Till , Fakheran Sima , Jafari Reza , Große-Stoltenberg André
Published: May 2022

Context

Combining field-based assessments with remote-sensing proxies of landscape patterns provides the opportunity to monitor terrestrial ecosystem health status in support of sustainable development goals (SDG).

Objectives

Linking qualitative field data with quantitative remote-sensing imagery to map terrestrial ecosystem health (SDG15.3.1 “land degradation neutrality”).

Methods

A field-based approach using the Interpreting Indicators of Rangeland-Health (IIRH) protocol was applied to classify terrestrial ecosystem health status at the watershed level as “healthy”, “at-risk”, and “unhealthy”. Quantitative complex landscape metrics derived from Landsat spaceborne data were used to explore whether similar health statuses can be retrieved on a broader scale. The assignment of terrestrial ecosystem health classes based on field and the remotely sensed metrics were tested using multivariate and cluster analysis methods.

Results

According to the IIRH assessments, soil surface loss, plant mortality, and invasive species were identified as important indicators of health. According to the quantitative landscape metrics, “healthy” sites had lower amounts of spectral heterogeneity, edge density, and resource leakage. We found a high agreement between health clusters based on field and remote-sensing data (NMI = 0.91) when using a combined approach of DBSCAN and k-means clustering together with non-metric multi-dimensional scaling (NMDS).

Conclusions

We provide an exemplary workflow on how to combine qualitative field data and quantitative remote-sensing data to assess SDGs indicators related to terrestrial ecosystem health. As we used a standardized method for field assessments together with publicly available satellite data, there is potential to test the generalizability and context-dependency of our approach in other arid and semi-arid rangelands.
Road extraction in vague images on gray scale consistency and improved MSR and D-S evidence
Authors: Weixing Wang , Limin Li , Zhen Zhou
Published: May 2022

Road detection on aerial and remote sensing vague images is a hard task. In this paper, an automatic road detection method for the vague images is proposed. The method firstly uses an improved MSR algorithm to enhance image, and it automatically takes different scales in different image regions, based on the image depths obtained by the dark channel prior algorithm. Then the enhanced image is roughly segmented on the principle of the local gray scale consistency, in that, an eight-neighborhood template is considered as a processing unit in which a threshold is utilized for all the neighboring pixels of the detecting pixel. Finally, the Dempster-Shafer (D-S) evidence for road features is applied to finalize road tracing in the binary image, where, the road features include length, width, aspect ratio and fullness rate, all the parameters are obtained in the least external rectangle of a road segment, and then the detected roads are regulated. In experiments, 300 vague road images were selected for testing, by comparing to several traditional algorithms and recent semantic methods, the testing results show that the new method is satisfactory, and the detection accuracy is up to 89%.
Sparse Causation and Mere Abundant Causation
Authors: Hansson Wahlberg Tobias
Published: May 2022

Setting off from a familiar distinction in the philosophy of properties, this paper introduces a tripartite distinction between sparse causation, abundant causation and mere abundant causation (instances of the latter forming a sub-class of abundant causation). It is argued that the contrast between sparse and mere abundant causation allows us to resolve notorious philosophical issues having to do with negative causation, causation involving institutional properties and physical macro-causation in a way that is unified, intuitive and in line with scientific doctrines and practices.
A minute of your time: The impact of survey recruitment method and interview location on the value of travel time
Authors: Halse Askill H. , Flügel Stefan , Kouwenhoven Marco , de Jong Gerard , Sundfør Hanne B. , Hulleberg Nina , Jordbakke Guri N. , Lindhjem Henrik
Published: May 2022

Web-based stated preference (SP) surveys are widely used to estimate values of travel time (VTT) for cost–benefit analysis, often with internet panels as the source of recruitment. The recruitment method could potentially bias the results because (1) those who frequently participate in surveys may have a lower opportunity cost of time and (2) people who answer the survey at home or in the office may answer differently because the choice situation is less salient to them. In this paper, we investigate both mechanisms using data from a VTT choice experiment study where respondents were recruited from an internet panel, an alternative email register or on-board/on the station. Within all three groups, some complete the survey while making an actual trip. We find that respondents who were recruited from the internet panel or report being members of a panel have a significantly lower VTT, suggesting that internet panels are less representative in this respect compared to other recruitment methods. We also find that those who answer while traveling have a higher VTT, possibly because the benefits of saving travel time are more salient to them than to those who answer while not traveling.
Population Balance Models for Particulate Flows in Porous Media: Breakage and Shear-Induced Events
Authors: Icardi Matteo , Pasquale Nicodemo Di , Crevacore Eleonora , Marchisio Daniele , Babler Matthaus U.
Published: May 2022

Transport and particulate processes are ubiquitous in environmental, industrial and biological applications, often involving complex geometries and porous media. In this work we present a general population balance model for particle transport at the pore-scale, including aggregation, breakage and surface deposition. The various terms in the equations are analysed with a dimensional analysis, including a novel collision-induced breakage mechanism, and split into one- and two-particles processes. While the first are linear processes, they might both depend on local flow properties (e.g. shear). This means that the upscaling (via volume averaging and homogenisation) to a macroscopic (Darcy-scale) description requires closures assumptions. We discuss this problem and derive an effective macroscopic term for the shear-induced events, such as breakage caused by shear forces on the transported particles. We focus on breakage events as prototype for linear shear-induced events and derive upscaled breakage frequencies in periodic geometries, starting from nonlinear power-law dependence on the local fluid shear rate. Results are presented for a two-dimensional channel flow and a three dimensional regular arrangement of spheres, for arbitrarily fast (mixing-limited) events. Implications for linearised shear-induced collisions are also discussed. This work lays the foundations of a new general framework for multiscale modelling of particulate flows.
Amelioration of aluminum-induced hepatic and nephrotoxicity by Premna odorata extract is mediated by lowering MMP9 and TGF-β gene alterations in Wistar rat
Authors: Ahmed Walaa M. S. , Ibrahim Marwa A. , Helmy Nermeen A. , ElKashlan Akram M. , Elmaidomy Abeer H. , Zaki Amr R.
Published: May 2022

This study aims to investigate the effect of Premna odorata (P. odorata) (Lamiaceae) on the hepatic and nephrotoxicity induced by aluminum chloride (AlCl3) in rat. Wistar male rats were equally classified into four groups: control, P. odorata extract (500 mg/kg B.W.), AlCl3 (70 mg/kg B.W.), and P. odorata extract plus AlCl3 groups. All treatments were given orally for 4 weeks. Serum transaminases and some biochemical parameters, hepatic and renal antioxidant/oxidant biomarker; tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α); matrix metalloproteinase (MMP9) and transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) mRNA expression; histopathological examination of the liver, and kidneys were investigated. The obtained results revealed that AlCl3 significantly increased the activities of serum aspartate transaminase, alanine transaminase, and alkaline phosphatase as well as produced a significant increase in total cholesterol, triglyceride, urea, and creatinine concentrations, while there were no changes observed in the total protein, albumin, and globulin concentrations. Also, aluminum administration significantly decreased the reduced glutathione content and increased the catalase activity, malondialdehyde, and TNF-α concentrations in the liver and kidney tissue. Moreover, AlCl3 results in congestion, degeneration, and inflammation of the liver and kidney tissue. Co-treatment of P. odorata extract with AlCl3 alleviated its harmful effects on the previous parameters and reduced the histopathological alterations induced by AlCl3. Therefore, Premna odorata may have a potent protective effect against oxidative stress induced by Al toxicity through downregulation of MMP9 and TGF-β gene expression.
Arsenic in the water and agricultural crop production system: Bangladesh perspectives
Authors: Sandhi Arifin , Yu Changxun , Rahman Md Marufur , Amin Md. Nurul
Published: May 2022

The presence of high levels of carcinogenic metalloid arsenic (As) in the groundwater system of Bangladesh has been considered as one of the major environmental disasters in this region. Many parts of Bangladesh have extensively reported the presence of high levels of arsenic in the groundwater due to both geological and anthropogenic activities. In this paper, we reviewed the available literature and scientific information regarding arsenic pollution in Bangladesh, including arsenic chemistry and occurrences. Along with using As-rich groundwater as a drinking-water source, the agricultural activities and especially irrigation have greatly depended on the groundwater resources in this region due to high water demands for ensuring food security. A number of investigations in Bangladesh have shown that high arsenic content in both soil and groundwater may result in high levels of arsenic accumulation in different plants, including cereals and vegetables. This review provides information regarding arsenic accumulation in major rice varieties, soil-groundwater-rice arsenic interaction, and past arsenic policies and plans, as well as previously implemented arsenic mitigation options for both drinking and irrigation water systems in Bangladesh. In conclusion, this review highlights the importance and necessity for more in-depth studies as well as more effective arsenic mitigation action plans to reduce arsenic incorporation in the food chain of Bangladesh.
Co3O4@NiMoO4 composite electrode materials for flexible hybrid capacitors
Authors: Tong Yongli , Zhang Tengxi , Sun Yuchen , Wang Xiaowei , Wu Xiang
Published: May 2022

Co3O4 nanomaterials as electrodes have been studied widely in the past decade due to their unique structural characteristics. However, their performance does not yet reach the level required for practical applications. It is, nevertheless, an effective strategy to synthesize hybrid electrode materials with high energy density. Herein we prepare Co3O4@NiMoO4 nanowires by a two-step hydrothermal method. The as-obtained sample can be directly used as cathode material of supercapacitors; with specific capacitance of 600 C/g at 1 A/g. An assembled capacitor delivers an energy density of 36.1 Wh/kg at 2700 W/kg, and retains 98.2% of the initial capacity after 8000 cycles.

Graphical Abstract
Abelian Integrals and Non-generic Turning Points
Authors: Huzak Renato , Rojas David
Published: May 2022

In this paper we initiate the study of the Chebyshev property of Abelian integrals generated by a non-generic turning point in planar slow-fast systems. Such Abelian integrals generalize the Abelian integrals produced by a slow-fast Hopf point (or generic turning point), introduced in Dumortier et al. (Discrete Contin Dyn Syst Ser S 2(4):723–781, 2009), and play an important role in studying the number of limit cycles born from the non-generic turning point.
Integrated geophysical investigation for understanding agriculturally induced landslides in southern Peru
Authors: Flamme Hanna E. , Krahenbuhl Richard A. , Li Yaoguo , Dugan Brandon , Shragge Jeffrey , Graber Andrew , Sirota Dana , Wilson Gavin , Gonzales Edgard , Ticona Javier , Minaya Armando
Published: May 2022

We conducted near-surface geophysical surveys in and around the Majes I agricultural development (60 km west of Arequipa, Peru), where the nexus of geology and agriculture has increased landslide activity along the Majes–Siguas River Valley. Through DC resistivity, transient electromagnetics (TEM), and seismic surveys, we refined the understanding of local geology, characterized the agricultural impact on the local water table, and updated landslide modeling to help inform discussions on landslide mitigation strategies at Majes I and landslide prevention at the planned Majes II site. At the Majes I development, we identified an increase in water table and water saturation due to irrigation. At the planned Majes II site, which shares similar geology to Majes I, we interpret the regional water table that has yet to be affected by significant human development. We integrated these results into updated landslide modeling. Our modeling for Majes I suggests stable conditions prior to irrigation; as the water table rose from irrigation, landsliding began and evolved as a retrogressive failure that is now focused along the headscarp near critical infrastructure including the Carretera Panamericana (Pan-American Highway). Majes II is currently stable and irrigation management, such as drip versus flood techniques, must be supported. Soil ameliorants such as polymers and/or biochar should be encouraged to hold water near the roots to reduce the risk of landslide initiation. Combined this work shows the value of integrated hydrological and geophysical research for landslide management and optimized irrigation.
Associations between vitamin D status and sight threatening and non-sight threatening diabetic retinopathy: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Trott Mike , Driscoll Robin , Iraldo Enrico , Pardhan Shahina
Published: May 2022

Background

Vitamin D levels have been shown to be associated with diabetic retinopathy, however to date, no review has examined the relationship between vitamin D and sight threatening diabetic retinopathy (STDR) and non-sight threatening diabetic retinopathy (NSTDR). The aim of this review, therefore, was to pool associations between vitamin D deficiency (25(OH)D < 20 ng/mL) and STDR/NSTDR. A further aim was to examine associations between circulating 25(OH)D levels and STDR/NSTDR.

Methods

A systematic review of major databases was undertaken for studies published from inception to 22/04/2022, using a pre-published protocol. Studies reporting prevalence of STDR or NSTDR versus a control group with diabetes and no DR or DME and either (a) vitamin D deficiency prevalence, or (b) circulating 25(OH)D levels, were included. A random effects meta-analysis was undertaken.

Results

Following screening, 12 studies (n = 9057) were included in the meta-analysis. STDR was significantly associated with vitamin D deficiency (OR = 1.80 95%CI 1.40–2.30; p = <0.001), whereas NSTDR was not (OR = 1.07 95%CI 0.90–1.27; p = 0.48). Both conclusions were graded as low credibility of evidence. Furthermore, circulating 25(OH)D levels were significantly associated with both NSTDR (SMD = -0.27 95%CI -0.50; −0.04; p = 0.02) and STDR (SMD = −0.49 95%CI -0.90; −0.07; p = 0.02), although these were graded as low credibility of evidence.

Conclusion

Vitamin D deficiency is significantly associated with STDR (including DME), but not with NSTDR. Given the well-reported associations between vitamin D deficiency and other unfavourable outcomes, it is important that vitamin D deficiency is managed appropriately and in a timely manner to reduce the risk of blindness in people with diabetes.
Mechanical and tribo-metallurgical behavior of 17-4 precipitation hardening stainless steel affected by severe cold plastic deformation: a comprehensive review article
Authors: Bazri Shahab , Mapelli Carlo , Barella Silvia , Gruttadauria Andrea , Mombelli Davide , Liu Caiyi
Published: May 2022

This article comprehensively reviews the mechanical properties and tribo-metallurgical behavior of 17-4 precipitation hardening stainless steel (17-4PH SS) during and after cold plastic deformation. Referring to the scientific literature, stainless steels are one of the few types of ferrous alloys which could be appropriately set up through cold working processes in the forms of sheets or other shapes. Likewise, some other metal alloys such as mild low-carbon-based steels, copper and its alloys, aluminum alloys, and some others are the few types of metal alloys which have this capability. On the other hand, in engineering applications, there are several types of mechanical failures, which must be taken into account to investigate the mechanical behavior and tribo-metallurgical properties of any targeted materials. For example, corrosion resistance, wear resistance, and fatigue failure are investigated according to the microstructural studies, comprising of the grain size, grain boundaries, orientations, dislocations, and so on. Based on the published results, focusing on 17-4PH SS, one of the most main effective factors on mechanical and tribo-metallurgical performance is the grain size. Also, the favorable balance of two mechanical properties of strength and ductility has been reported as a dilemma in the materials science, and the problem delineates upon the limitations of numerous structural materials potentials. Following the failure analysis of the materials, in order to diminish the damages caused by fretting fatigue some methods such as ultrasonic processes are applied for the treatment of 17-4PH SS via changing the microstructure, residual stress, and other parameters. Also, through the other cold deformation technologies, the nanostructured surface layer with highly upgraded mechanical properties of several ultrasonic surface rolling process-treated 17-4PH SS has been obtained. To this end, such cold working processes on 17-4PH SS and their subsequent results are elaborated in this review paper.

Graphical abstract
Diagnosis of rotor demagnetization and eccentricity faults for IPMSM based on deep CNN and image recognition
Authors: Li Zhiyuan , Wu Qinmu , Yang Shengming , Chen Xiangping
Published: May 2022

Permanent magnet synchronous motors (PMSMs) have many advantages attributed to the structure of the permanent magnet, which connects the influences of each type of fault. However, diagnostic methods are not capable of monitoring multitype faults with one index or method, due to closed-loop control or non-stationarity. There are a few diagnostic methods based on convolutional neural networks (CNNs) and vibration analysis; however, they are limited by the installed sensor locations and are affected by various factors of the driven system. This paper proposes a method to diagnose eccentricity and demagnetization in an interior PMSM (IPMSM) with image recognition based on a deep CNN and motor stator current analysis. To extract fault features from the IPMSM’s stator current with a deep CNN, a gray image transformation algorithm that uses the autocorrelation matrix is proposed to enhance the feature representations of stator currents, in which currents data are processed recursively and timely. The testing accuracy of 98.74% of both designed model pyramidal Resnet-9 and Resnet-15 indicates that the proposed method is capable of monitoring multitype faults and is immune to speeds and loads.
Comparison of Joint Modelling and Landmarking Approaches for Dynamic Prediction Using Bootstrap Simulation
Authors: Hossain Zakir , Khondoker Mizanur ,   for the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative
Published: May 2022

Prediction models for clinical outcomes can greatly help clinicians with early diagnosis, cost-effective management and primary prevention of many medical conditions. In conventional prediction models, predictors are typically measured at a fixed time point, either at baseline or at other time point of interest such as biomarker values measured at the most recent follow-up. Dynamic prediction has emerged as a more appealing prediction technique that takes account of longitudinal history of biomarkers for making predictions. We compared prediction performance of two well-known approaches for dynamic prediction, namely joint modelling and landmarking, using bootstrap simulation based on the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) data with repeat Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) scores as the longitudinal biomarker and time-to-Alzheimer’s disease (AD) as the survival outcome. We assessed the performance of both approaches in terms of extended definitions of discrimination and calibration, namely dynamic area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (dynAUC) and expected prediction error (PE). We focused on real data-based bootstrap simulation in an attempt to be as impartial as possible to both methods as landmarking is a pragmatic approach which does not specify a statistical model for the longitudinal markers, and therefore any comparison based on model based data simulation may potentially be more advantageous to joint modelling approach. The dynAUC and PE were compared at landmarks $$ t_{s}=1.0, 1.5, 2.0\,\text{ and }\,2.5$$

t
s

=
1.0
,
1.5
,
2.0

and

2.5

 years and within a 2-year window from the landmark time points. The optimism corrected estimates of dynAUC for joint modelling were slightly higher (1.26, 3.22, 2.76 and 0.12% higher at the four landmark time points) than that of landmarking approach. Apart from the final landmark point (at 2.5 years), dynamic prediction based on joint models has also performed slightly better in terms of calibration. The expected prediction errors (PE) for joint models were 0.70, 2.56 and 2.04% lower at the first three landmark time points, respectively, compared to the landmarking approach. In general, joint modelling approach has performed better than the landmarking approach in terms of both discrimination (dynAUC) and calibration (PE), although the margin of gain in performance by using joint models over landmarking was relatively small indicating that landmarking approach was close enough, despite not having a precise statistical model characterising the evolution of the longitudinal markers. Future comparative studies should consider extended versions of joint modelling and landmarking approaches which may overcome some of the limitations of the standard methods.
Identification of the LH surge by measuring intact and total immunoreactivity in urine for prediction of ovulation time
Authors: Demir And , Hero Matti , Alfthan Henrik , Passioni Amro , Tapanainen Juha S. , Stenman Ulf-Håkan
Published: May 2022

Objectives

In our earlier study, we separated three different molecular forms of urinary LH-ir (U-LH-ir) by gel filtration and identified them by immunoassay in urine from regularly menstruating women on periovulatory days. U-LH-ir is composed of intact luteinizing hormone (LH), its free beta-subunit (LHβ), and the core fragment of LHβ (LHβcf), the latter two establishing the non-intact portion of LH-ir. The aim was to determine whether timing of ovulation can be improved by detecting different molecular forms of U-LH-ir in women of reproductive age.

Methods

We determined intact and total U-LH-ir in 14 regularly menstruating women on consecutive periovulatory days during the menstrual cycle. Non-intact LH-ir was calculated as the arithmetic difference between total and intact LH-ir. In addition, LH-ir was determined in both serum and urine from four of the women throughout the menstrual cycle.

Results

During the LH surge, U-LH-ir consisted mainly of intact LH and presented with an abrupt increase. Intact U-LH-ir dropped rapidly within 1 day after the surge, reaching baseline levels at the end of the luteal phase. In contrast, LHβcf in urine increased further 1 day after the surge. After this, most of the U-LH-ir consisted of LHβcf and it remained strongly elevated (over fivefold compared to intact LH) for the first 3 days after the LH surge, moderately elevated (over threefold) thereafter until day + 5, and mildly elevated until day + 7.

Conclusions

Total and non-intact LH-ir are potential add-on characteristics which can be utilized in ovulation predictor kits to measure LH-ir in urine beyond the LH surge during a broader time frame, thereby paving the way for more precise prediction of the timing of ovulation than that obtained with currently available products.
Rethinking conflict management
Authors: Lebow Richard Ned
Published: May 2022

I offer a critique of deterrence and suggest how it could be used more effectively when combined in sophisticated ways with reassurance and diplomacy. When used in appropriate combinations and with appropriate framing based on the specific circumstances at hand, these conflict management strategies can reduce the likelihood of war and help bring about accommodation. However, decisions about how and whether to deploy these strategies are highly context dependent with respect to both goals.
Fundamental functions of almost greedy bases of $$L_p$$ for $$1<p< \infty $$
Authors: Ansorena José L.
Published: May 2022

We prove that the fundamental function of any almost greedy basis of$$L_p$$Lp,$$1<p<\infty $$1<p<∞, grows as either$$(m^{1/p})_{m=1}^\infty $$(m1/p)m=1∞or$$(m^{1/2})_{m=1}^\infty $$(m1/2)m=1∞.
Fragility Fractures of the Acetabulum: Current Concepts for Improving Patients’ Outcomes
Authors: Toro Giuseppe , Braile Adriano , De Cicco Annalisa , Pezzella Raffaele , Ascione Francesco , Cecere Antonio Benedetto , Schiavone Panni Alfredo
Published: May 2022

The incidence of fragility fractures of the acetabulum (FFA) is constantly increasing. Generally, these fractures are related to a fall on the greater trochanter involving the anterior column. The management of FFA is extremely difficult considering both patients’ comorbidities and poor bone quality. Both non-operative and several operative treatment protocols are available, and the choice among them is still ambiguous. The proposed surgical techniques for FFA [namely open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF), percutaneous fixation and total hip arthroplasty (THA)] are associated with a high complication rate. The treatment with the higher early mortality is the ORIF + THA, while the one with the lowest is the non-operative. However, at longer follow-up, this difference dreadfully change is becoming the opposite. Frequently ORIF, percutaneous fixation, and non-operative treatment need a subsequent re-operation through a THA. This latter could be extremely difficult, because of poor bone quality, acetabular mal union/non-union, bone gaps and hardware retention. However, the outcomes of each of the proposed treatment are mostly poor and controverted; therefore, a comprehensive patient evaluation and an accurate fracture description are required to appropriately manage acetabular fracture in the elderly.
New-onset COVID-19–related diabetes: an early indicator of multi-organ injury and mortally of SARS-CoV-2 infection
Authors: Yang Jin-Kui , Zhao Miao-Miao , Jin Jian-Min , Liu Shi , Bai Peng , He Wei , Wu Fei , Liu Xiao-Fang , Chai Zhong-Lin , Han De-Min
Published: May 2022

Objective

The pandemic of 2019 coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) disease (COVID-19) has imposed a severe public health burden worldwide. Most patients with COVID-19 were mild. Severe patients progressed rapidly to critical condition including acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), multi-organ failure and even death. This study aims to find early multi-organ injury indicators and blood glucose for predicting mortality of COVID-19.

Methods

Fasting blood glucose (FBG) ≥7.0 mmol/L for two times during hospitalization and without a history of diabetes were defined as new-onset COVID-19-related diabetes (CRD). Indicators of injuries for multiple organs, including the lung, heart, kidney and liver, and glucose homeostasis were specifically analyzed for predicting death.

Results

A total of 120 patients with a severity equal to or greater than Moderate were hospitalized. After excluding patients with history of diabetes, chronic heart, kidney, and liver disease, 69 patients were included in the final analysis. Of the 69 patients, 23 were Moderate, 20 were Severe, and 26 were Critical (including 16 deceased patients). Univariable analysis indicated that CRD, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase (HBDH), creatine kinase (CK) and creatinine (Cr) were associated with death. Multivariable analysis indicated that CRD was an independent predictor for death (HR = 3.75, 95% CI 1.26–11.15). Abnormal glucose homeostasis or CRD occurred earlier than other indicators for predicting poor outcomes. Indicators of multiple organ injury were in parallel with the expression patterns of ACE2 (the SARS-CoV-2 receptor) in different organs including pancreatic islet.

Conclusions

New-onset COVID-19-related diabetes is an early indicator of multi-organ injury and predictor for poor outcomes and death in COVID-19 patients. As it is easy to perform for clinical practices and self-monitoring, glucose testing will be helpful for predicting poor outcomes to facilitate appropriate intensive care.
Money in Politics
Authors: Weschle Simon
Published: May 2022

In politics, money is often the name of the game. Politicians enrich themselves while in office, spend campaign money to finance their re-election, and accept lucrative 'golden parachute' jobs after leaving office. Money in Politics argues that these different forms of capital are part of a common system and should be analyzed in a single framework. The book advances a comparative theory that shows how self-enrichment, campaign spending, and golden parachute jobs are connected to each other. This theory explains when and how money enters politics, ultimately illuminating that a change in one form affects the other types and revealing the consequences this has for democracy. The book uses a wide range of evidence from countries around the world, including causally identified quantitative studies, qualitative cross-national comparisons, and original survey experiments. Enlightening and instructive, this book shows that we can only fully comprehend the role of money in politics when we view it as a common system to be analyzed and critiqued.
Point-Counting and the Zilber–Pink Conjecture
Authors: Pila Jonathan
Published: May 2022

Point-counting results for sets in real Euclidean space have found remarkable applications to diophantine geometry, enabling significant progress on the André–Oort and Zilber–Pink conjectures. The results combine ideas close to transcendence theory with the strong tameness properties of sets that are definable in an o-minimal structure, and thus the material treated connects ideas in model theory, transcendence theory, and arithmetic. This book describes the counting results and their applications along with their model-theoretic and transcendence connections. Core results are presented in detail to demonstrate the flexibility of the method, while wider developments are described in order to illustrate the breadth of the diophantine conjectures and to highlight key arithmetical ingredients. The underlying ideas are elementary and most of the book can be read with only a basic familiarity with number theory and complex algebraic geometry. It serves as an introduction for postgraduate students and researchers to the main ideas, results, problems, and themes of current research.
Dramas of Dignity
Authors: Costas Jana
Published: May 2022

Looking beyond the shiny surface of Potsdamer Platz, a designer micro-city within Berlin's city center, this book goes behind-the-scenes with the cleaners who pick up cigarette butts from sidewalks, scrape chewing gum from marble floors, wipe coffee stains from office desks and scrub public toilets, long before white-collar workers, consumers and tourists enter the complex. It follows Costas's journey to a large yet hidden, four-level deep corporate underworld below Potsdamer Platz. There, Costas discovers how cleaners' attitudes to work are much less straightforward than the public perceptions of cleaning as degrading work would suggest. Cleaners turn to their work for dignity yet find it elusive. The book explores how these cleaners' dramas of dignity unfold in interactions with co-workers, management, clients and the public. The book will appeal to students and academics in the fields of organisational theory, organisational behavior, organisation studies, sociology, social anthropology, cultural studies and urban studies.
Neighborhood Watch
Authors: Fields Shawn E.
Published: May 2022

Although racism has plagued the American justice system since the nation's colonial beginnings, private White Americans are taking matters into their own hands. From racist 911 calls and hoaxes to grassroots voter suppression and vigilante 'self-defense,' concerted efforts are made every day by private citizens to exclude Black Americans from schools, neighborhoods, and positions of power. Neighborhood Watch examines the specific ways people police America's color line to protect 'White spaces.' The book charts how these actions too often result in harassment, arrest, injury, or death, yet typically go unchecked. Instead, these actions are promoted and encouraged by legislatures looking to expand racially discriminatory laws, a police system designed to respond with force to any frivolous report of Black 'mischief,' and a Supreme Court that has abdicated its role in rejecting police abuse. To combat these realities, Neighborhood Watch offers preliminary recommendations for reform, including changes to the 'maximum policing' state, increased accountability for civilians who abuse emergency response systems, and proposals to demilitarize the color line.
Territoriality and the Early Medieval Landscape
Authors: Rippon Stephen
Published: May 2022

An exploration of small early folk communities prior to the eleventh century, showing their development and sophistication.
Imperialism and Development
Authors: Westcott Nicholas
Published: May 2022

A compelling exploration of one of the most ill-advised and calamitous interventions in colonial development history.
Ethiopian Jewish Ascetic Religious Communities
Authors: Kribus Bar
Published: May 2022

The Betä Ǝsra'el (Ethiopian Jews) have a unique history and religious tradition, one of the most fascinating aspects of which are the mäloksocc, commonly referred to as monks in scholarly and popular literature. The mäloksocc served as the supreme religious leaders of the Betä Ǝsra'el and were charged with educating and initiating Betä Ǝsra'el priests. They lived in separate compounds and observed severe purity laws prohibiting physical contact with the laity. Thus, they are the only known example in medieval and modern Jewry of ascetic communities withdrawing from the secular world and devoting themselves fully to religious life.

This book presents the results of the first comprehensive research ever conducted on the way of life and material culture of the ascetic religious communities of the Betä Ǝsra'el. A major part of this research is an archaeological survey, during which these religious centres were located and documented in detail for the first time.
Unbeaten Tracks in Japan
Authors: Kanasaka Kiyonori
Published: May 2022

Isabella Bird's best-selling book on Japan is republished here, but with a difference: for the first time, it is now fully annotated with supporting commentaries, providing the twenty-first-century reader with an enhanced informed view of the new 'modern Japan' as Bird experienced it in 1878.

Originally published as a two-volume work in 1880, this later abridged version, first published in 1885 and promoted as 'a tale of travel and adventure', became one of the best-selling travel books published by John Murray; it was reprinted numerous times and by different publishers. This volume is the original 1885 edition. It is not a facsimile, but has been reprocessed digitally to enable the annotations to be inserted, as well as the forty copperplate illustrations to be restored to their original quality. The commentaries and notes have been written by Kiyonori Kanasaka, Japan's leading expert on Isabella Bird who, over the past nearly thirty years, has retraced Isabella Bird's footsteps in all the parts of the world she visited, and knows her travels in Japan intimately.

This book will be essential reading for all those interested in the Bird legacy, the birth of modern Japan, travel writings of the Far East, the topography of Japan and Japan's social and political history.
Traveling Judges
Authors: King Alyssa S. , Bookman Pamela K.
Published: May 2022

Around the world, domestic courts focused on commercial disputes hire foreign judges. The practice seems to resemble arbitration, but is also rooted in colonialism. These traveling judges are predominantly retired English judges hired by small, market-dominant jurisdictions, like Hong Kong or Dubai. The judges' identities reveal efforts to harness business preferences for English common law into domestic court systems. While judges aspire to spread the rule of law, local politics may dictate these courts' futures. This Article maps the practice of traveling judges and explores its implications.
On the Kottwitz conjecture for local shtuka spaces
Authors: Hansen David , Kaletha Tasho , Weinstein Jared
Published: May 2022

Kottwitz’s conjecture describes the contribution of a supercuspidal representation to the cohomology of a local Shimura variety in terms of the local Langlands correspondence. A natural extension of this conjecture concerns Scholze’s more general spaces of local shtukas. Using a new Lefschetz–Verdier trace formula for v-stacks, we prove the extended conjecture, disregarding the action of the Weil group, and modulo a virtual representation whose character vanishes on the locus of elliptic elements. As an application, we show that, for an irreducible smooth representation of an inner form of$\operatorname {\mathrm {GL}}_n$, theL-parameter constructed by Fargues–Scholze agrees with the usual semisimplified parameter arising from local Langlands.
Biased Reflections on German Legal Cultures – An Essay from Corona Times
Authors: Petersen Hanne
Published: May 2022

This essay is an outcome of the pandemic, which in 2020 pushed me to reorient a sabbatical to studies of German legal culture. It combines an autobiographical background in Germany in the 1950s and 1960s with a longstanding interest in legal history, legal pluralism, legal culture, and gender and law. These fields are addressed from different angles, which demonstrate considerable changes of political and legal systems and cultures in German (speaking) areas. Within the last half century, a culture of silence and shame has attempted to come to terms with a patriarchal past, while also combining political cultures and economies from two parts of Germany, which merged a generation ago, and are still very diverse.