bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
UMA INTRODUÇÃO AO CONFORTO TERMO-AMBIENTAL DO COLÉGIO ESTADUAL SANTA GEMMA GALGANI, CURITIBA, PARANÁ, BRASIL
Authors: Biondi Daniela , Martini Angeline , Lima Neto Everaldo Marques de
Published: July 2015

O objetivo desta pesquisa foi avaliar as condições de conforto térmico do Colégio Estadual Santa Gemma Galgani, Curitiba, PR comparando ambientes internos e externos em diferentes estações do ano. A análise do conforto térmico foi realizada através do índice PET. As coletas foram feitas no outono, inverno e primavera de 2011, em dois dias e em dois ambientes distintos. Em cada dia de coleta, foi instalado um equipamento dentro da sala de aula e outro na área externa (pátio), caracterizada como: ambiente 1 - área externa com mais de 90% de impermeabilização e menos árvores; e ambiente 2 - área externa com menos de 30% de impermeabilização e mais árvores. A área do colégio possui 7.634,91 m2, sendo 36,56% de áreas permeáveis e 60,44% de impermeáveis. Nas três estações do ano, a temperatura do ar foi mais alta no pátio, com exceção do outono para o ambiente 1 e da primavera para o ambiente 2. Houve diferenças significativas nas condições de conforto entre os ambientes 1 e 2, indicando que as áreas são distintas pela permeabilidade e quantidade de vegetação. Conclui-se que, no geral, as salas de aula do colégio nas estações do outono, inverno e primavera apresentaram conforto térmico na maioria do período observado.Palavras-chave: Índice PET; Termômetro de Globo; temperatura do ar; umidade relativa do ar. AbstractAn introduction to thermal-environmental comfort state college St. Gemma Galgani, Curitiba, Parana, Brazil. The aim of this study was to evaluate the thermal comfort of the State College Santa Gemma Galgani, Curitiba, PR comparing internal and external environments in different seasons. The analysis of thermal comfort index was performed using PET. Collections were made in the fall, winter and spring of 2011 in two days and in two different environments. Every day a collect was installed equipment within the classroom and another in the outer area (outdoor), characterized as an environment 1 - outdoor area with more than 90% of waterproofing and fewer trees; and the environment 2 - external area under 30% waterproofing and more trees. The area of the college has 7634.91 m2 and 36.56% to 60.44% permeable areas and waterproof. In three seasons, the air temperature was higher in the courtyard, with the exception of autumn to the environment and a spring for the environment 2. There were significant differences in terms of comfort between locations 1 and 2, indicating that the areas are distinct permeability and the amount of vegetation. It is concluded that, overall, the classrooms of the college stations in the fall, winter and spring had thermal comfort for most of the observed period.Keywords: PET index; Globe Thermometer; air temperature; relative humidity.
A CERTIFICAÇÃO FLORESTAL PELO FSC®: UM ESTUDO DE CASO
Authors: Paiva Samantha Nazaré de , Silva Dimas Agostinho da , Oshiro Cymara Regina , Hosokawa Roberto Tuyoshi , Rochadelli Roberto
Published: July 2015

O setor florestal tem investido nas últimas décadas em modificações nos processos produtivos, buscando principalmente a minimização dos impactos ambientais e sociais negativos intrínsecos às suas atividades. Neste sentido, a certificação florestal é instrumento de diferenciação no mercado e hoje se torna fundamental no segmento de celulose e papel, principalmente para empresas cuja produção é destinada à exportação. Desta forma, a análise do processo de certificação florestal pelo FSC (Forest Stewardship Council) da empresa Klabin S.A. contribui para a compreensão das vantagens ambientais, sociais e econômicas deste processo na região dos Campos Gerais no estado do PR, assim como das alterações operacionais realizadas a partir do apontamento de desvios normativos. Para isso, foram analisados os relatórios da certificação, realizada em 1998, assim como os respectivos monitoramentos anuais e recertificações, até o ano 2011.  Os desvios apontados em auditorias resultaram em melhorias operacionais nos pilares ambiental, social e econômico. A região de influência da empresa fomentada pela certificação do manejo florestal reflete o desenvolvimento de atividades ligadas à silvicultura e comercialização de madeira, impulsionado exatamente pela sua presença.
ATRIBUTOS QUÍMICOS DE LATOSSOLO VERMELHO SUBMETIDO A DIFERENTES MANEJOS
Authors: Freitas Ludmila De , Casagrande José Carlos , Oliveira Ivanildo Amorim de , Campos Milton Cesar Costa
Published: July 2015

A retirada da vegetação natural para implantação de sistema agrícola pode provocar desequilíbrios no solo, conforme o sistema de manejo empregado. Com o objetivo de estudar as alterações em Latossolo Vermelho Distrófico causadas pelo cultivo contínuo de cana-de-açúcar, selecionaram-se três áreas (mata, cana-de-açúcar e reflorestada) adjacentes, no município de Guariba (SP). Em cada área, foram coletadas, aleatoriamente, quatro amostras, nas camadas de 0,0-0,10 m e 0,10-0,20 m. Foram avaliados os atributos químicos pH, matéria orgânica (MO), fósforo (P), potássio (K), cálcio (Ca), magnésio (Mg), alumínio (Al) e acidez potencial (H+Al), e calculados os valores de soma de bases (SB), capacidade de troca de cátions (CTC), saturação por alumínio (m%) e saturação por bases (V%). As análises de agrupamentos e componentes principais permitiram identificar a formação de três grupos, formados por mata nativa, área reflorestada e área com cana-de-açúcar. Os resultados indicam que o uso intensivo do solo alterou os seus atributos químicos. As técnicas de análises multivariadas mostraram que os principais atributos relacionados com os ambientes foram: na mata nativa, a MO, H+Al, m% e Al; na área com cana-de-açúcar, Mg, Ca, V%, SB e CTC. Enquanto que o ambiente reflorestado ficou entre os ambientes mata nativa e cana-de-açúcar.Palavras-chave: Mata nativa; cana-de-açúcar; área reflorestada. AbstractChemical properties of an oxisol under different management practices. The removal of natural vegetation for establishing an agricultural system may lead to soil imbalances according to management system used. Three adjacent areas were selected in Guariba, SP, Brazil, for the purpose of studying changes in a Latossolo Vermelho Distrófico (oxisol) caused by continuous cropping of sugarcane. In each area, four samples were collected in the 0.0-0.10 m and 0.10-0.20 m soil layers. The following chemical properties were evaluated: pH, organic matter (OM), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), aluminum (Al), potential acidity (H+Al), and aluminum saturation (m%); and the values of the sum of bases (SB), cation exchange capacity (CEC), and base saturation (V%). Cluster analyses and principal components allowed identification the formation of three groups, made up of native forest, reforested area, and the area planted to sugarcane. Results indicate that intensive use of the soil altered its chemical properties. Multivariate analysis techniques showed that the main properties related to the environment in the native forest area were organic matter, potential acidity, aluminum saturation, and aluminum. In the sugarcane area the properties were Mg, Ca, V%, BS, SB, and CEC. The reforested area was in an intermediate position between the native forest and sugarcane environments.Keywords: Native forest; sugarcane; reforested area.
MASSA ESPECÍFICA E RETRATIBILIDADE DA MADEIRA DE SEIS ESPÉCIES DE EUCALIPTO CULTIVADAS NO LITORAL DE SANTA CATARINA
Authors: Eleotério Jackson Roberto , Reichert Douglas , Hornburg Kerling Fabiane , Meneguelli Isalena
Published: July 2015

O objetivo deste trabalho é determinar e comparar a massa específica básica e aparente a 12% de umidade e os coeficientes de contração radial, tangencial e volumétrico de cinco espécies e um híbrido de eucalipto. As amostras de Corymbia torelliana, Eucalyptus cloeziana, Eucalyptus pilularis e Eucalyptus resinifera foram retiradas de árvores com 17 anos; as de Eucalyptus grandis, de árvores com 14 anos; e as de Eucalyptus grandis x Eucalyptus urophylla, de árvores com oito anos, todas plantadas no litoral norte de Santa Catarina. A madeira do híbrido Eucalyptus grandis x Eucalyptus urophylla e a de Eucalyptus grandis e de Eucalyptus pilularis classificam-se como leve, e a das demais espécies é classificada como madeira moderadamente pesada. Independentemente da contração analisada, os grupos formados na comparação de médias foram os mesmos. Os coeficientes de contração radial de Eucalyptus cloeziana e Eucalyptus resinifera são altos; já os coeficientes de contração tangencial e volumétrico de Eucalyptus grandis e volumétrico de Eucalyptus pilularis são baixos; e os demais podem ser classificados como médios. A variação na massa específica não é acompanhada de proporcional variação nos coeficientes de contração, resultando em baixas e moderadas correlações entre essas variáveis, apesar de significativas.Palavras-chave: Propriedades físicas; contração; Eucalyptus; Corymbia. AbstractSpecific gravity and shrinkage coefficients of wood of six species of eucalypts cultivated on the coast of Santa Catarina. This work aims at determining and comparing the basic and 12% moisture content specific gravity and radial, tangential and volumetric shrinkage coefficients of five species and a hybrid of eucalypts. The samples of Corymbia torelliana, Eucalyptus cloeziana, Eucalyptus pilularis, Eucalyptus resinifera were extracted from 17 years old trees; ones of Eucalyptus grandis from 14 years old trees and the ones of Eucalyptus grandis x Eucalyptus urophylla from eight years old trees, all of them planted on the North Coast of Santa Catarina State. The wood of the hybrid Eucalyptus grandis x Eucalyptus urophylla, of the Eucalyptus grandis and of the Eucalyptus pilularis can be classified as light, the others can be classified as moderately heavy. Independently on the shrinkage analyzed, the groups formed during the multiple mean comparing are the same. The radial shrinkage coefficient of Eucalyptus cloeziana and that of Eucalyptus resinifera are high. However, the tangential and volumetric shrinkage coefficients of Eucalyptus grandis and the volumetric shrinkage coefficient of Eucalyptus pilularis are low; the others can be classified as medium. The variation on specific gravity is not followed by proportional variation on the shrinkage coefficients, resulting in low and moderate correlations between coefficients even tough significant.Keywords: Physical properties; shrinkage coefficients; Eucalyptus; Corymbia.
RELAÇÃO DA MORFOMETRIA E COMPETIÇÃO COM O CRESCIMENTO DE Trichilia claussenii EM UM FRAGMENTO DE FLORESTA SEMIDECIDUAL, RS
Authors: Da Silveira Bruna Denardin , Floriano Eduardo Pagel , Nakajima Nelson Yoshihiro , Hosokawa Roberto Tuyoshi , Rosot Nelson Carlos , Gracioli Cibele Rosa
Published: July 2015

Este trabalho teve como objetivos determinar a relação de variáveis morfométricas e de índices de competição com o crescimento em diâmetro de Trichilia claussenii, em um fragmento da Floresta Estacional Semidecidual na região central do Rio Grande do Sul. Os dados utilizados neste estudo foram obtidos de 29 árvores amostradas por classe diamétrica, denominadas árvores centrais, com diâmetro à altura do peito (d) igual ou superior a 10,0 centímetros, distribuídas em 51 parcelas permanentes, totalizando 0,51 hectares. Cada árvore central teve as seguintes variáveis mensuradas: altura total e altura comercial do fuste, diâmetro à altura do peito, diâmetro da copa e comprimento de copa. Posteriormente, calcularam-se alguns parâmetros morfométricos, assim como alguns índices de competição dependentes e independentes da distância. A análise de correlação de Pearson e análise de regressão foram utilizadas para verificar a relação entre as variáveis morfométricas, os índices de competição e o incremento em diâmetro. Concluiu-se que existe associação entre o incremento em diâmetro de Trichilia claussenii e a competição, sendo que o crescimento em diâmetro possui maior relação com o índice Bal de competição.Palavras-chave: Catiguá; floresta nativa; biometria florestal. AbstractRelationship of morphometry and competition with growth of Trichilia claussenii in fragment of Semidecidual Forest, RS. This study aimed to determine the relationship of morphometric variables and indices of competition with the growth in diameter of Trichilia claussenii, in a fragment of semideciduous forest in the central region of Rio Grande do Sul. The data used in this study were obtained from 29 sampled trees by diameter class, called central trees with diameter at breast height (d) not less than 10.0 cm, from 51 permanent plots, totaling 0.51 ha. Each central tree had measured the following variables: total height and commercial height, stem diameter at breast height, crown diameter and crown length. Subsequently, it was calculated some morphometric parameters, as well as some competition indexes dependent and independent of distance. The Pearson correlation analysis and regression analysis were used to verify the relationship between the morphometric variables, competition indexes and diameter increment. It was concluded that there is an association between the increase in diameter of Trichilia claussenii and competition, where the growth in diameter has a greater relationship with Bal index of competition.Keywords: Catigua; native forest; forest biometrics.
RESGATE E PROPAGAÇÃO VEGETATIVA DE Sequoia sempervirens
Authors: Navroski Márcio Carlos , Pereira Mariane De Oliveira , Hess André Felipe , Silvestre Raul , Ângelo Alessandro Camargo , Fazzini Amanda Johann , Alvarenga Allan Antunes
Published: July 2015

Objetivou-se com o estudo verificar resgate vegetativo, enraizamento de estacas e adaptação das mudas enraizadas em sistema de minijardim clonal de Sequoia sempervirens. Realizou-se a decepa de cinco indivíduos com 20 anos de idade e após foi contabilizada a capacidade de emissão de brotações. Com as brotações, foram confeccionadas estacas, as quais foram submetidas a diferentes concentrações de ácido indolacético (AIA) (0, 2000, 4000 e 6000 mg.L-1). Foram avaliadas a porcentagem de enraizamento e o número e comprimento de raízes 160 dias após o estaqueamento. O experimento foi instalado em DIC, com 5 repetições de 10 estacas. Após a formação das mudas com as estacas enraizadas, elas foram transplantadas para vasos, para a formação do minijardim clonal. O resgate vegetativo através da decepa de árvores apresentou potencialidade para produção de estacas de sequoia e revigoramento do material. O uso entre 2000 e 4000 mg.L-1 de AIA aumentou a porcentagem de enraizamento e também o número e comprimento de raízes formadas. O minijardim clonal de sequoia mostrou ser uma boa opção para a multiplicação clonal da espécie. A clonagem da sequoia pode auxiliar tanto no melhoramento convencional como em plantios comerciais da espécie, principalmente no Sul do Brasil, local onde encontra condições adequadas para seu crescimento.Palavras-chave: Silvicultura clonal; coníferas; rejuvenescimento; minijardim clonal. AbstractRescue and vegetative propagation of Sequoia sempervirens. The objective of the study to verify the vegetative rescue, rooting cuttings and rooted plants adapt in mini-clonal hedge of Sequoia sempervirens system. Was held coppicing five individuals aged 20 years old and was recorded after the ability to shoot emission. Shoots with different concentrations of indole acetic acid were applied (IAA) (0, 2000, 4000 and 6000 mg.L-1) in cuttings made by evaluating the percentage of rooting, number and length of roots 160 days after striking. The experiment was a completely randomized with five replicates of 10 cuttings. After the formation of seedlings with rooted cuttings, these were transplanted to pots for the formation of mini-clonal hedge. The vegetative rescue through coppicing trees showed potential for the production of cuttings sequoia and reinvigoration of the material. The use from 2000 to 4000 mg.L-1 IAA increased rooting percentage and the number and length of roots formed. The mini-clonal hedge of sequoia proved to be a good option for clonal multiplication of the species. Cloning of sequoia can help both conventional breeding and for commercial plantations of the species, especially in southern Brazil, where finds suitable conditions for their growth.Keywords: Clonal forestry; conifers; rejuvenation; mini-clonal hedge.
ENERGY BALANCE AND EFFICIENCY IN WOOD SAWDUST BRIQUETTES PRODUCTION
Authors: Vale Ailton Teixeira , Gentil Luiz Vicente
Published: July 2015

AbstractEnergy balance and efficiency for densified sawdust production. The industrial wood briquette making process is an alternative to add value to forestry waste and involves the compaction of sawdust at high pressure and temperature. The present study was performed in an industry in the state of Goiás, Brazil. All kinds of energy involved in the wood briquette manufacturing process were qualified and quantified, in all stages of the process. The methodology used was based on Cotrim (1992), Silva (2001), (BEN, 2007), Inconprera (2008) and NBR 8633. The total energy demand to produce one ton of Pinus wood briquettes using sawdust at 43.8% moisture was 435 kWh. When producing the same amount of briquettes at 11% humidity, this value fell to 101.66 kWh per ton. Thus, drying process of sawdust consumes 76.63% of all the energy used for manufacturing. The amount of energy required for the production of 1 ton of briquettes corresponds to 10.8% (wet sawdust) and 4.37% (dry sawdust) of the energy contained in this one ton of briquettes.Keywords: Wood densification; industry of briquette; energy. ResumoEficiência e balanço energético na fabricação de briquetes de madeira. A briquetagem é uma alternativa para agregar valor a resíduos de origem agro florestal e consiste na compactação da serragem a elevadas pressões e temperatura. Este trabalho foi desenvolvido em uma indústria no estado de Goiás, onde foram quantificadas e caracterizadas todas as energias envolvidas no processo de fabricação de briquete em todas as etapas do processo industrial. A metodologia utilizada baseou-se em Cotrim (2003), Silva (2001), Brasil (2007), Inconprera (2008), ABNT (1984). A unidade utilizada foi kWh/t de briquete fabricado. A demanda total de energia para fabricar uma tonelada de briquete a partir de serragem de Pinus com 43,8% de umidade foi de 435 kWh/t. Quando se fabrica a mesma a quantidade de briquetes agora com umidade de 11%, este valor cai para 101,66 kWh/t. Assim, a secagem da serragem consome 76,63% de toda energia de fabricação. Entretanto com a serragem a 11% de umidade a maior demanda de energia eletricidade, com 64,06%. A energia necessária para produzir uma tonelada de briquete com serragem úmida (43,8%) corresponde a 10,8% da energia contida nesta 1 tonelada de briquete e com serragem seca a 4,37%.Palavras-chave: Briquetagem de madeira; indústria de briquete; energia.
CO-FORMAÇÃO, CONFLITOS E NEGOCIAÇÕES NO PIBID-INGLÊS UFPR
Authors: Hibarino Denise
Published: July 2015

O presente artigo surgiu da necessidade de entender como duas professoras supervisoras em atuação no PIBID - Inglês UFPR, no período de 2012-2014, constroem seus papeis de co-formadoras ao lidar com os conflitos (JORDÃO, 2013a). Para esta finalidade, serão levadas em consideração as discussões da área de formação de professores de língua inglesa no contexto brasileiro (BARCELOS, 2004; CELANI, 2002; 2009; GIMENEZ, 2002; 2004) pelo viés do Letramento Crítico (EDMUNDO, 2010; JORDÃO et al, 2011; 2013; JORDÃO, 2013a; 2013b, 2013c; MENEZES de SOUZA, 2011; MONTE MÓR, 2013). Também serão comentadas as respostas dadas a um questionário com perguntas abertas. Estas respostas mostram quais são seus entendimentos sobre os conflitos e suas formas de mediação, bem como a mudança que estes provocam nas atitudes e posturas dos licenciandos de Letras e delas mesmas. Os dados analisados evidenciam como a condição co-formação é construída e como elas se utilizam de momentos de feedback, por exemplo, para a reflexão sobre a prática docente e para a negociação de sentidos.
ADAPTAR PARA INCLUIR: CONFLITOS E DESAFIOS DO ENSINO DE JOVENS E ADULTOS NO PROJETO PIBID INGLÊS – UFPR
Authors: Cons Thais Rodrigues
Published: July 2015

O Ensino de Jovens e Adultos (EJA), mesmo que de extrema relevância e importância no contexto sócio histórico brasileiro, ainda se apresenta como um grande desafio para os educadores nas questões de adaptação dos alunos em sala de aula, de currículo e de orientações metodológicas. Considerando o desafio, este texto busca problematizar os conflitos ocorridos nas oficinas de ensino de língua inglesa promovidas pelo PIBID - Inglês - Programa Institucional de Bolsa de Iniciação à Docência na Universidade Federal do Paraná e discutir, com base na teoria do Letramento Crítico - LC, até que ponto as Diretrizes Curriculares Nacionais e o Projeto Político Pedagógico da Escola dão suporte para os professores envolvidos com a educação de jovens e adultos. Com o aporte teórico mencionado e através do relato da experiência de adequação do projeto, conclui-se que a adaptação de alunos jovens e adultos é viável se considerarmos um currículo abrangente e a multiplicidade de identidades formadas no espaço escolar.
O TEXTO LITERÁRIO ALIADO À TECNOLOGIA NA SALA DE AULA DE LÍNGUA INGLESA EM UMA ESCOLA PÚBLICA – POR UMA PROPOSTA PÓS-MÉTODO CENTRADA NO LETRAMENTO CRÍTICO
Authors: Lobato Ivana Chagas Lima , Matoso Rud Alyson Martins , Lopes Thais Carvalho , Nodari Janice Inês
Published: July 2015

Este artigo tem como objetivo descrever a proposta de trabalho com o texto literário do gênero “conto” desenvolvida por bolsistas do programa PIBID – Inglês, em contexto de escola pública com alunos de ensino médio. A proposta foi elaborada no formato de oficina[1] e contou com a participação de alunos e da professora supervisora da escola, os quais fizeram uso da ferramenta Facebook®como meio de interação. A proposta se pautou primordialmente nos pressupostos do letramento crítico (JORDÃO, 2007), na noção de pós-método (KUMARAVADIVELU, 2001; 2006), e na compreensão de inglês como língua internacional (MCKAY, 2003; SHARIFIAN, 2009). Contou, ainda, com pressupostos fornecidos por diferentes estudiosos acerca da utilidade do uso do texto literário como ferramenta pedagógica e cultural na aula de Língua Inglesa. Observou-se que uma das grandes contribuições da oficina foi colocar a teoria em prática ao lidar com os desafios da articulação entre literatura e tecnologia, e com a desconstrução da ideia de que literatura e língua inglesa são difíceis e inacessíveis.[1] Salientamos que a proposta foi elaborada pelos bolsistas em 2013. A professora Janice Inês Nodari, coordenadora do projeto durante o ano de 2014, participa como co-autora deste texto.
AUTOAVALIAÇÃO E AVALIAÇÃO DOCENTE NO PROCESSO DE APRENDIZAGEM: UMA EXPERIÊNCIA NO PIBID-INGLÊS DA UFPR
Authors: Mulik Kátia Bruginski , Viani Juliana Pedrollo
Published: July 2015

Este texto apresenta uma experiência do PIBID - Inglês da UFPR realizada em uma das escolas parceiras do projeto. Inicialmente, apresentamos as razões que levaram à utilização de um instrumento de autoavaliação e outro de avaliação docente nas aulas de língua inglesa, aplicados no final do ano letivo de 2013, em uma turma de sexto ano do Ensino Fundamental. Em seguida, mostramos como as respostas dos alunos influenciaram nossas práticas no ano letivo de 2014. Por meio do desenvolvimento do Letramento Crítico e da utilização da autoavaliação e avaliação docente percebemos mudanças positivas por parte dos alunos em relação à motivação e à aprendizagem em um sentido amplo.
PERSPECTIVA DIFERENCIADA NAS AULAS DE INGLÊS EM ESCOLA PÚBLICA – O Projeto Calidoscópio
Authors: Da Rosa Adriana , Dos Santos Gisele Ortiz , Mileo Tatiana Caniceiro
Published: July 2015

Este artigo tem como objetivo relatar a aplicação de uma abordagem alternativa, através do projeto Caleidoscópio, elaborada para a disciplina de Língua Inglesa para uma turma de 6º ano do Colégio Professor Algacyr Munhoz Maeder, por bolsistas do PIBID - Inglês da UFPR. O PIBID, Programa Institucional de bolsas de iniciação à docência, disponibilizado pela UFPR, prioriza a parceria com escolas públicas estaduais cujo IDEB (Índice de Desenvolvimento da Educação Básica) esteja abaixo de 5, resultado este obtido através da Prova Brasil. O projeto Caleidoscópio contou com contribuições teóricas de PACHECO (2012) e JORDÃO (2007) que fornecem outra perspectiva de ver o processo de ensino – aprendizagem, mais especificamente de Língua Inglesa no contexto de escola pública. As integrantes do PIBID buscaram levar para a sala de aula atividades e formas de trabalhar com os alunos baseadas nos quatro pilares da Escola da Ponte, a saber: autonomia, solidariedade, cooperação e democraticidade. A parceria entre PIBID e escola pública permitiu a ampliação da visão sobre ensino de Língua Estrangeira em contexto de escola pública, além de intensificar a formação inicial docente das bolsistas envolvidos.
A PSO MODEL FOR DISEASE PATTERN DETECTION ON LEAF SURFACES
Authors: Muthukannan Kanthan , Latha Pitchai
Published: July 2015

The main objective of this paper is to segment the disease affected portion of a plant leaf and extract the hybrid features for better classification of different disease patterns. A new approach named as Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) is proposed for image segmentation. PSO is an automatic unsupervised efficient algorithm which is used for better segmentation and better feature extraction. Features extracted after segmentation are important for disease classification so that the hybrid feature extraction components controls the accuracy of classification for different diseases. The approach named as Hybrid Feature Extraction (HFE), which has three components namely color, texture and shape based features. The performance of the preprocessing result was compared and the best result was taken for image segmentation using PSO. Then the hybrid feature parameters were extracted from the gray level co-occurrence matrices of different leaves. The proposed method was tested on different images of disease affected leaves, and the experimental results exhibit its effectiveness.
Brussels I: Recent Developments in the Interpretation of Special Jurisdiction Provisions for Internet Torts.
Authors: Šrámek Martin
Published: July 2015

The paper deals with recent rulings of the European Court of Justice regarding the international jurisdiction of European courts in connection with infringements over the Internet. The aim of the paper is to illustrate a shift in the judicature of the Court and the need for a recast of the special jurisdiction provisions in the Brussels I Regulation.The main focal point is the ruling in the case C-170/12 Peter Pinckney v KDG Mediatech AG, which contains two surprising conclusions. Firstly, the intentions of the alleged infringer to target a certain jurisdiction are not to be taken into consideration. The decisive connecting factor is solely the fact that the harmful event may occur within the jurisdiction of the court. Secondly, the actions of anindependent third party can now establish the jurisdiction for a suit against the alleged infringer. This has been the subject of two other recent cases C-387/12 Hi Hotel HCF Sparl v Uwe Spoering and C-360/12 Coty Germany GmbH v First Note Perfumes NV. In both of these cases the sole actions of the alleged infringer would not suffice to establish the jurisdiction of the court in question. The paper tries to evaluate these rulings in light of procedural fairness and the traditional interpretation od special jurisdiction provisions.
The e-commerce international consumer contract in the European Union
Authors: Gonçalves Anabela Susana de Sousa
Published: July 2015

Article 6 of Regulation (EC) No 593/2008 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 17 June 2008 on the law applicable to contractual obligations (Rome I) adapts the rule laid down in the Rome Convention regarding international consumer contracts, to take into account the requirements of the consumer protection in an international contract, as the weaker party, and the demands of electronic commerce. Article 6 determines the types of international contract protected and establishes the mechanisms to protect the consumer. However, the legal provision in question is not free from complications and requires an effort of interpretation to adjust the rule to the diffuse nature of the internet and to the characteristics of electronic commerce. This paper identifies the difficulties of application of the provision to e-commerce and discusses the interpretative options of the European Union Court of Justice (ECJ).
Office 365 v. Google Apps: A data protection perspective
Authors: Tomíšek Jan
Published: July 2015

This article lists the requirements of European data protection law as regards the contents of a contract between cloud provider and cloud client. Based on these requirements the contracts for the provision of Google Apps for Work and Microsoft Office 365 for small and medium enterprises are evaluated and compared from the data protection perspective. The article also discusses the shortcomings of the current legal framework for data protection with regard to cloud computing, and analyses the possible improvements made by the General Data Protection Regulation.A cloud client usually plays the role of a data controller, while the provider may be a data controller, data processor or he may not fall under the scope of data protection law. The relationship between the client and cloud provider, as a data processor, must be governed by a contract stating that the provider is bound by the instructions of the client as well as describing the security measures.The contract for Microsoft Office 365 was found to be compliant with data protection law. The contract for Google Apps for Work suffers from several deficiencies that may cause a breach of data protection law.The current data protection framework lacks unification, clarity and scalability. With the exception of unification, the General Data Protection Regulation is not expected to bring a substantial improvement if it is adopted using the proposed wording. To cope with the current law, cloud clients and providers may use the Cloud Service Level Agreement Standardisation Guidelines.
The (uncertain) future of online data privacy
Authors: Svantesson Dan
Published: July 2015

In this article I will address a somewhat eclectic selection of data privacy topics that I think are of particular significance, including:Some international developments in the data privacy law area;Extraterritoriality issues including the ‘jurisdictional lasagne’;The recently decided Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU) case on the so-called ‘right to be forgotten’;‘Big Data’ and the Internet of Things; andThe concept of ‘consent’.
Bacterial Anti-Adhesion of Coated and Uncoated Thin-Film-Composite (TFC) Polyamide (PA) Membranes
Authors: Nikkola Juha , Alakomi Hanna-Leena , Tang Chuyang Y.
Published: July 2015

This study investigates the bacterial anti-adhesion performance of uncoated and coated reverse osmosis (RO) membranes. All the membranes were commercially available fully-aromatic thin-film-composite (TFC) polyamide (PA) membranes. Two of the TFC PA membranes (SW30 and BW30) were coated using polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) coating, while the other three membranes (LE, XLE and NF90) were uncoated. Among the characterised TFC PA membranes, the PVA coated were more hydrophilic and their surface energy was higher in comparison to uncoated. In addition, the PVA coated membranes had lower surface roughness. AFM interaction force measurement demonstrated higher repellence performance for the more polar surface. Bacteria attachment test showed differences between the coated and the uncoated membranes. Indeed, the increase in hydrophilicity and surface polarity showed decrease in the attachment of Pseudomonas aeruginosa cells. Moreover, the results demonstrated that the surface polarity showed better correlation with the attachment of the bacteria. In addition, the type of the surface roughness may somehow contribute to the bacteria repellence.
Oxidation Behavior of Hf-Modified Aluminide Coatings on Inconel-718 at 1050°C
Authors: Wang Yongqing , Suneson Marc , Smialek James L.
Published: July 2015

Simple β-NiAl, Hf-modified β-NiAl, Pt-diffused, Pt-modified β-(Ni,Pt)Al + ξ-PtAl2, and Hf-Pt-modified β-(Ni,Pt)Al were cyclic oxidation tested at 1050°C in air on Inconel-718 substrates for up to 4370h. The Pt-diffused specimen failed most quickly, < 100 h, while the simple β-NiAl aluminide maintained a positive weight change for ~1300 h. The Pt-modified aluminides clearly improved the cyclic oxidation behavior of both simple and Hf-modified aluminides, sustaining a zero weight change only after 3600 and 4000 h, respectively. The Hf additions did not immediately appear to produce as strong an improvement as expected, however, they were more highly ranked when normalized by coating thickness. They also decreased surface rumpling, important for TBC durability. Hf-rich NiAl grain boundaries, formed during coating processing, resulted in HfO2 particles in the scales and oxide pegs at the metal interface, all suggesting some level of over-doping. The high sulfur content of the substrate influenced spalling to bare metal and re-healing to less protective Ni(Al,Cr)2O4 spinel-type and (Ti,Cr,Nb)O2 rutile scales. The evolution of these surface features have been documented over 100 to 4370 h of exposure. The coating aluminum content near failure was ~2-3 wt. %.
Alumina Surface Treated Pigmentary Titanium Dioxide with Suppressed Photoactivity
Authors: Veronovski N. , Lesnik M. , Verhovsek D.
Published: July 2015

The aim of the optimization of the technological process was to coat the surface of the pigment in a controlled manner and to supress photoactivity in the titanium dioxide (TiO2) pigment. As part of this research, a systematic approach to TiO2 pigment surface treatment with alumina was conducted. Surface treatment with alumina plays a significant role in the improvement of TiO2 properties (e.g. weather resistance and photostability). This research encompasses a raw material analysis and process conditions study. Sodium aluminate and aluminium sulphate were used as a source of alumina hydroxide. The effectiveness of surface treatment was determined using scanning-transmission (STEM) and transmission (TEM) electron microscopy. The photoactivity of pigmentary TiO2 was determined before and after surface treatment. A controlled surface treatment process resulted in pigmentary TiO2 particles with uniform amorphous layers, which supressed the photoactivity of the pigment.
Structures and Optical Properties of Anodic Aluminum Oxide Thin Films
Authors: Fan Qi Hua , Galipeau David , Ghimire Baibhav , Gupta Rakesh Kumar , Dubey Mukul , Mandal Nitu
Published: July 2015

Low refractive index materials (n<1.3) are not common in nature. However, they are essential for antireflection coatings. In this study porous anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) on glass substrate was fabricated by electrochemical oxidation and subsequent etching. The pore size was modulated from less than 80 nm to more than 250 nm. The pore depth was controlled by electrochemical anodization and/or chemical etching time. It is challenging to effectively quantify the pore structures and the optical properties of such porous materials. Using spectroscopic ellipsometry, the authors showed that the AAO materials had tunable refractive index from 1.25 to 1.40, which is ideal for antireflection coating on glass (n=1.54). In addition, quantitative information on the AAO film porosity, profile structure, film thickness, dielectric constants, and roughness was also derived from the ellipsometry analysis. It was shown that the as-fabricated AAO film included trace amount of residual metal aluminum with an effective thickness ~0.28 nm.
Efficacy of WHO recommendation for continued breastfeeding and maternal cART for prevention of perinatal and postnatal HIV transmission in Zambia
Authors: Ngoma Mary S , Misir Amita , Mutale Wilbroad , Rampakakis Emmanuoil , Sampalis John S , Elong Angela , Chisele Sam , Mwale Abel , Mwansa Jonathan K , Mumba Scholastica , Chandwe Mula , Pilon Richard , Sandstrom Paul , Wu Samantha , Yee Kristen , Silverman Michael S
Published: July 2015

Introduction

To prevent mother‐to‐child transmission (MTCT) of HIV in developing countries, new World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines recommend maternal combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) during pregnancy, throughout breastfeeding for 1 year and then cessation of breastfeeding (COB). The efficacy of this approach during the first six months of exclusive breastfeeding has been demonstrated, but the efficacy of this approach beyond six months is not well documented.

Methods

A prospective observational cohort study of 279 HIV‐positive mothers was started on zidovudine/3TC and lopinavir/ritonavir tablets between 14 and 30 weeks gestation and continued indefinitely thereafter. Women were encouraged to exclusively breastfeed for six months, complementary feed for the next six months and then cease breastfeeding between 12 and 13 months. Infants were followed for transmission to 18 months and for survival to 24 months. Text message reminders and stipends for food and transport were utilized to encourage adherence and follow‐up.

Results

Total MTCT was 9 of 219 live born infants (4.1%; confidence interval (CI) 2.2–7.6%). All breastfeeding transmissions that could be timed (5/5) occurred after six months of age. All mothers who transmitted after six months had a six‐month plasma viral load >1,000 copies/ml (p<0.001). Poor adherence to cART as noted by missed dispensary visits was associated with transmission (p=0.04). Infant mortality was lower after six months of age than during the first six months of life (p=0.02). The cumulative rate of infant HIV infection or death at 18 months was 29/226 (12.8% 95 CI: 7.5–20.8%).

Conclusions

Maternal cART may limit MTCT of HIV to the UNAIDS target of <5% for eradication of paediatric HIV within the context of a clinical study, but poor adherence to cART and follow‐up can limit the benefit. Continued breastfeeding can prevent the rise in infant mortality after six months seen in previous studies, which encouraged early COB.
Enhancement of the power conversion efficiency for inverted organic photovoltaic devices due to the localized surface plasmonic resonant effect of Au nanoparticles embedded in ZnO nanoparticles
Authors: Lee Yong Hun , Kim Dae Hun , Lee Dea Uk , Li Fushan , Kim Tae Whan
Published: July 2015

The absorption spectra and input photon-to-converted current efficiency curves showed that Au nanoparticles increased the plasmonic broadband light absorption, thereby enhancing the short-circuit current density of the inverted organic photovoltaic (OPV) cells with a Au–ZnO nanocomposite electron transport layer (ETL). The power conversion efficiency of the inverted OPV cell fabricated with a Au–ZnO nanocomposite ETL was higher by 40% than that of the inverted OPV cell fabricated with a ZnO nanoparticle ETL, which could be attributed to the enhanced photon absorption in the active layer due to the localized surface plasmonic resonance of the Au nanoparticles.
Surface activated bonding between bulk single crystal diamond and bulk aluminum
Authors: Fujino Masahisa , Hosoda Naoe , Suga Tadatomo , Ishikawa Nobuhiro , Kuwayama Naoki
Published: July 2015

Direct bonding between single crystal diamond and bulk aluminum was successfully achieved by surface activated bonding in vacuum at room temperature. The resultant interface was observed by transmission electron microscopy. During the surface activation process, the surface of the diamond was disordered by argon fast atom bombardment. Consequently, a defect structure of the diamond with a width of 5.8 nm was observed at the bonded interface. According to the results of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, 26% of the diamond exhibited induced radiation damage as a defect diamond layer; however the rest remained as intrinsic diamond.
Does IFRS 13 Improve the Disclosure of the Fair Value Measurement?
Authors: Busso Donatella
Published: July 2015

The paper presents the results of an empirical analysis on the disclosure of the fair value measurement in the real estate sector following the introduction of IFRS 13. Fair value is an important criterion for IFRSs with many uses stated by different standards and over the years an intense debate has arisen about both the usefulness of fair value and its definition. In 2011 the IASB issued a new standard about fair value, its definition, its measurement and the related disclosure. The effective date of IFRS 13 was 1st January 2013. The introduction of IFRS 13 is an opportunity to verify the state of art of the application of fair value as a subsequent measurement. Furthermore, the paper aims at verifying whether the introduction of IFRS 13 leads to an improvement in the disclosure reported in the notes. Focusing on investment properties, the paper aims at verifying the effects of the first application of IFRS 13 in the real estate sector, by means of an empirical research of Italian, French and German groups listed on the Stock Exchange. A total of 1,343 items were hand collected. The results show that the fair value model is used in 75% of cases of real estate companies which held investment properties. Disclosures about fair value measurement required by IFRS 13 are reported by many entities, but there are still companies not compliant with the new requirements.
Inequalities of Hermite-Hadamard Type
Authors: Dragomir S. S.
Published: July 2015

Some inequalities of Hermite-Hadamard type for λ-convex functions defined on convex subsets in real or complex linear spaces are given. Applications for norm inequalities are provided as well.
Ramifications of the Supreme Court’s Latest Term for Health Regulation
Authors: Fleisher Lee A. , O’Connell Anne Joseph , Mello Michelle M.
Published: August 2024

This Viewpoint discusses several major rulings from the US Supreme Court’s 2023 to 2024 term and how these rulings may affect federal agencies’ ability to enact health policy.
Epidemiologic Analysis of a Postelimination Measles Outbreak in Central Ohio, 2022-2023
Authors: Martoma Rosemary A. , Washam Matthew , Omar Hinda , Martoma Ava R. , De Souza Randal , Kumar Sagar , Sege Robert D. , Ricotta Emily E. , Majumder Maimuna S.
Published: August 2024

Importance

Postelimination outbreaks threaten nearly a quarter century of measles elimination in the US. Understanding these dynamics is essential for maintaining the nation’s measles elimination status.

Objective

To examine the demographic characteristics and transmission dynamics of the 2022 to 2023 central Ohio measles outbreak.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This cross-sectional study used electronic medical records and publicly available measles reports within an extensive central Ohio primary care network involving inpatient and outpatient settings. Participants included 90 children in Ohio with confirmed measles cases in 2022.

Exposure

The exposure of interest was confirmed measles cases in Ohio in 2022. This included 5 internationally imported cases and 85 locally acquired cases.

Main Outcomes and Measures

The primary outcome involved documenting and analyzing confirmed measles cases in Ohio in 2022, focusing on demographic characteristics, immunization status, and transmission links in outbreak-related cases.

Results

This study analyzed 90 measles cases (47 [52.2%] male participants) in Ohio during 2022. Most participants self-identified as African or American Black (72 [80.0%]), with additional race categories including Asian, Hispanic, multirace (6 [6.7%]), White, and unknown (6 [6.7%]). Most participants were of Somali descent (64 [71.1%]), with additional ethnicity categories including American (16 [17.8%]), Guatemalan, Nepali, and unknown (6 [6.7%]). Participants were predominantly younger than 6 years (86 [95.5%]), unimmunized (89 [98.9%]), and resided in Franklin County, Ohio (83 [92.2%]). Prior to November 20, 2022, all cases occurred among unimmunized children of Somali descent in the Columbus area. Nosocomial superspreading events expanded the outbreak beyond the initially affected community.

Conclusions and Relevance

This cross-sectional study of measles cases in Ohio during 2022 found that the outbreak primarily affected unimmunized children of Somali descent, highlighting the necessity for culturally tailored public health strategies to maintain measles elimination in the US. These findings underscore the importance of implementing targeted interventions and enhancing community engagement to increase vaccination rates.
Injurious Fall Risk Differences Among Older Adults With First-Line Depression Treatments
Authors: Wang Grace Hsin-Min , Lai Edward Chia-Cheng , Goodin Amie J. , Reise Rachel C. , Shorr Ronald I. , Lo-Ciganic Wei-Hsuan
Published: August 2024

Importance

One-third of older adults in the US have depression, often treated with psychotherapy and antidepressants. Previous studies suggesting an increased risk of falls and related injuries (FRI) associated with antidepressant use may be affected by confounding by indication or immortal time bias.

Objective

To evaluate the association between FRI risk and first-line treatments in older adults with depression.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This cohort study used a target trial emulation framework with a cloning-censoring-weighting approach with Medicare claims data from 2016 to 2019. Participants included fee-for-service beneficiaries aged 65 years or older with newly diagnosed depression. Data were analyzed from October 1, 2023, to March 31, 2024.

Exposures

First-line depression treatments including psychotherapy, sertraline, escitalopram, citalopram, mirtazapine, duloxetine, trazodone, fluoxetine, bupropion, paroxetine, and venlafaxine.

Main Outcome and Measure

One-year FRI rate, restricted mean survival time (RMST), and adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) with 95% CI.

Results

Among 101 953 eligible beneficiaries (mean [SD] age, 76 [8] years), 63 344 (62.1%) were female, 7404 (7.3%) were Black individuals, and 81 856 (80.3%) were White individuals. Compared with the untreated group, psychotherapy use was not associated with FRI risk (aHR, 0.94 [95% CI, 0.82-1.17]), while other first-line antidepressants were associated with a decreased FRI risk (aHR ranged from 0.74 [95% CI, 0.59-0.89] for bupropion to 0.83 [95% CI, 0.67-0.98] for escitalopram). The FRI incidence ranged from 63 (95% CI, 53-75) per 1000 person-year for those treated with bupropion to 87 (95% CI, 83-90) per 1000 person-year for those who were untreated. The RMST ranged from 349 (95% CI, 346-350) days for those who were untreated to 353 (95% CI, 350-356) days for those treated with bupropion.

Conclusions and Relevance

In this cohort study of older Medicare beneficiaries with depression, first-line antidepressants were associated with a decreased FRI risk compared with untreated individuals. These findings provide valuable insights into their safety profiles, aiding clinicians in their consideration for treating depression in older adults.