bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Commercial substrates and nutrient concentrations in the production of arugula microgreens
Authors: Wieth Albertina Radtke , Pinheiro Wagner Dutra , Duarte Tatiana da Silva
Published: May 2022

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of different substrates and concentrations of nutrient solutions in the production of arugula (Eruca sativa Miller) microgreens grown in a protected environment at the campus of the Faculty of Agronomy of the Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), in Porto Alegre, Brazil. The treatments consisted of the combination of five commercial substrates, CSC® vermiculite (S1), Green-Up phenolic foam (S2), S10 Beifiur® organic (S3), Carolina Soil® seedlings (S4), and Carolina Soil® organic (S5) and three concentrations of nutrients in the nutrient solution (0, 50, and 100%). A 5x3 factorial arrangement was used, in a completely randomized experimental design with three replicates. The addition of nutrients in the irrigation solution favored substrates S1, S4, and S5. Substrate S2 showed better performance with the addition of 50% of the total concentration of nutrients. Substrate S3 without the addition of the nutrient solution showed average values very close to the use of the nutrient solution, which can be considered in the evaluation of production costs of microgreens, generating savings to producers.
Productive characterization of the blueberry cultivar Bluegem in Brazil
Authors: Radünz André Luiz , Herter Flávio Gilberto , Radünz Marjana , Radünz Lauri Lourenço , Scariot Maurício Albertoni , Silva Vanessa Neumann , Tonin Samuel Tadeu , Gilson Italo Kael , Bizollo Amanda Raquel , Ducatti Rafael Dal Bosco
Published: May 2022

Due to the increase in consumption and the possibilities of exportation and industrialization, blueberry cultivation has been expanding in Brazil. Since Rabbiteye is one of the more cultivated groups of blueberries in Brazil, this study aimed to assess the productive characterization of the blueberry cultivar Bluegem, group Rabbiteye. Assessments were conducted with plants in full production during two harvest seasons. We collected data on the following variables: flower and vegetative bud distribution, open flowers and formed fruit in two different shoot lengths, and number of floral primordia. The results showed a greater number of vegetative buds and the intercalation between flower and vegetative buds in a proportion of 78% and 48% in long and short shoots, respectively. The number of total buds and the number of flower and vegetative buds were influenced by the harvest season and the shoot length. The number of floral primordia was influenced by the bud position on the shoot, but not by the harvest season. The number of flowers and fruits, in general, was greater in apical buds and in long shoots.
A basic scheme of soybean transformation for glyphosate tolerance using Agrobacterium tumefaciens through an approximation of patents: a review
Authors: Rojas Arias Adriana Carolina , Chaparro-Giraldo (R. I. P.) Alejandro , López-Pazos Silvio Alejandro
Published: May 2022

Concern has been expressed on the control of agricultural biotechnology through patents that may adversely affect the development of competing crops. Soybean is one of the most important crops around the world (~287 million t per year), above potatoes (45 million t per year), tomatoes (23 million t per year), or wheat (116 million t per year), with prices for American producers ranging between USD 278.8 and USD 650.3 t-1. Soybean belongs to the Fabaceae family and has been genetically modified (GM) to improve its tolerance to herbicides, including glyphosate, its resistance to insect pests, and the quality of soy oil. Glyphosate-tolerant soybean has received a gene coding for the 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase (EPSPS). There are a number of variables that contribute to the development of a GM soybean event. Such variables include tissue culture, selection methods, cloning vectors, and Agrobacterium strains that affect transformation efficiency and can be associated with patents. Chlorine gas disinfection is the most appropriate technique for plant material. Production of explants with shoots and molecular and phenotypic features (e.g., antibiotic susceptibility) of bacterial strain must be assessed. A long-term glyphosate selection arrangement is the most suitable and a consistent approach for the selection of events of GM soybean with tolerance to glyphosate. Freedom-to-operate evaluation must be carried out to find the specific elements neccesary for GM plant development that do not infringe the rights of third parties. These rights come into effect from the patent application date for a definite geographical region involving construct design and its synthesis, transformation vector, bacterial strain, methods, or reporter gene. In this review, the protocols relating to experiments for the development of GM soybean using an epsps gene are included, and considerations relating to intellectual property rights are involved. The major elements associated with each stage of the development of patents are described including the following: the soybean genotype, seed disinfection, genetic construct design and its synthesis, tissue culture protocols, selection strategy without gene reporter, and Agrobacterium strain. This review is a guide for carrying out technical procedures when the desired product is the off-patent GM soybean with tolerance to glyphosate.
Effect of fertilization on yield and phenology of the halophyte Sarcocornia neei as an emerging crop
Authors: Muñoz-Araya Mariana , Alonso Máximo , Flórez-Méndez Jennyfer
Published: May 2022

Sarcocornia is a vegetable crop that can be irrigated with highly saline water. The objective of this research was to evaluate the yield and study the phenology of the halophyte Sarcocornia neei as an emerging crop. Trials were established in a tunnel-type greenhouse and the open field, both including the same fertilizer treatments with two doses of N (40 and 80 g N per plant). The plants were harvested three times by collecting all vegetative parts located 5 cm above the soil. Four plants per replicate were observed once a week to determine the phenological stages through the seasons in Chile (fall, spring, and summer). A two-way analysis of variance was performed for the experimental data that revealed differences between treatments and trials. The yields were significantly different between the open field and greenhouse trials in all seasons. The summer and spring harvests obtained the highest yields in treatments with 40 g N per plant. The highest yield was obtained in the greenhouse trial with 40 g N per plant at the summer harvest (45.33 g dry matter per plant). The open field trial showed no differences between the fertilizer treatments in all seasons. According to the plant phenology, the greenhouse cultivation was found to be advantageous in causing the plants to avoid the winter dormant period. The yield of S. neei under greenhouse conditions is the basis for further research.
Co-inoculation with a product based on native microorganisms improves germination and seedling growth of Phaseolus vulgaris L.
Authors: Díaz Solares Maykelis , Fuentes Alfonso Leticia , Matos Trujillo Madyu , Liriano González Ramón , González Sierra Llliet , Pérez Hernández Yunel
Published: May 2022

Agricultural products based on native microorganisms represent an ecological alternative to traditional chemical fertilizers for enhancing growth and crop yield. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of the product based on native microorganisms IHPLUS® on germination, emergence, and primary leaf formation of Phaseolus vulgaris L. seedlings. The treatments consisted of a control (immersion in distilled water) and nine treatments that were the combination of IHPLUS® at three concentrations and three immersion times. The application of IHPLUS® significantly increased the percentage of germination, mainly in the first days. After 7 d, the germination rate and root and hypocotyl lengths increased in almost all treatments compared to control seedlings. The beneficial effects of IHPLUS® on the germination of P. vulgaris may be partially attributed to changes on seedling metabolism due to an increase in α-amylase activity and in the content of reducing sugars and soluble proteins. Results suggest that IHPLUS® may act as an enhancer of germination in common beans that might lead to rapid seed germination, uniform seedling growth, and better seedling establishment and crop productivity.
Physicochemical characterization of cantaloupe fertilized with various potassium sources
Authors: Glint Anouschka Leonilda de , Gimenes Morgana Baptista , Carmo Andreza Lopes do , Galati Vanessa Cury , Seleguini Alexsander , Gradella Aluisio dos Santos Salustiano , Nascimento Gabriel Pimenta do , Van Cleef Eric Haydt Castello Branco
Published: May 2022

The northeastern region of Brazil is responsible for 95% of the country’s total melon production and 97% of total exported melons. This is mainly due to the edaphoclimatic conditions and the technological packages employed in the country for fertilization strategies. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of topdressing potassium fertilizers associated or not with sowing fertilization with Ekosil™ on the physicochemical traits of cantaloupes. The study was conducted in a randomized complete block design, with a 4×2 factorial arrangement (topdressing potassium nitrate [PN], potassium chloride [PC], potassium sulfate [PS] and Ekosil™ [EK], with or without sowing fertilization with Ekosil™). The evaluated traits in the fruits were: fresh mass (FM), soluble solids content (SS), titratable acidity (TA), SS/TA ratio (RA) and pigment contents (chlorophyll [CL] and carotenoids [CA]). No effect of treatments was observed on pH, CL, and CA (P>0.05). Interaction of sowing and topdressing fertilization was observed for the other variables (P<0.005). The FM was greater for PC and EK with sowing fertilization with Ekosil™. Without Ekosil™, PS, PN and EK resulted in heavier fruits. The SS was greater for PS when using Ekosil™ and for PS and PC without sowing fertilization with Ekosil™. The PC and PN resulted in greater TA, and the RA was greater for PS. Under the edaphoclimatic conditions of the Pontal do Triângulo Mineiro region, topdressing fertilization with potassium sulfate, without sowing fertilization with Ekosil™, resulted in heavier and sweeter cantaloupes.
Performance of corn hybrids for in natura consumption in the Pontal do Triângulo Mineiro region of Brazil
Authors: Galati Vanessa Cury , Alkimim Emilly Ruas , Mendes dos Santos Layane Aparecida , Cardoso José Henrique Ferreira , Oliveira Gelsimar Faria , Kaneko Flávio Hiroshi
Published: May 2022

Corn is considered one of the most economically important crops in the world. However, in addition to its importance for grain production, this crop stands out for the consumption of green corn. This study aimed to characterize different corn hybrids grown in the Pontal do Triângulo Mineiro region of Brazil, considering the agronomic characteristics of importance and the preference of local consumers. We evaluated six characteristics as follows: cob length (CL), cob diameter (CD), cob weight with husks (WWH) (g), weight without husks (WWNH) (g), soluble solids content (SS) (°Brix), and plant population per ha (PP). Data were subjected to analysis of variance and the means were compared by the Scott-Knott test at a 1% probability level. For the sensory analysis, we evaluated the flavor, color, texture, and purchase intention characteristics of corn cobs. The hybrids XB6012 Bt, R9789 vip3, SX 8555 vip3, SX 7005 vip3 and BM709 PRO2 showed higher values for CL and WWNH, characteristics of importance for the fresh corn consumer market. The hybrid BM 709 PRO2 had significant potential compared to the others, due to the higher values of CL and CD, in addition to being among the hybrids with the highest WWNH. Based on the sensory analysis, the hybrids SX 7005 vip3 and DKB 390 PRO3 stood out in terms of flavor and texture, surpassing the local commercial corn.
Evaluation of the drying process and toxic metal contents in yerba mate cultivated in southern Brazil
Authors: Dornelles Caroline Gieseler , Poletto Matheus
Published: May 2022

The drying kinetics of yerba mate leaves from southern Brazil was investigated theoretically and experimentally in a drying oven at 70°C. The effect of drying conditions on the moisture ratio, drying rate, and effective diffusivity of yerba mate leaves was evaluated. Five drying models were fitted to experimental data. Additionally, the concentrations of As, Cd, Pb, Ni, Cr, and Hg in the yerba mate leaves were determined using inductively coupled plasma optic emission spectrometry (ICP-OES). The results revealed that all samples only showed a falling rate period without a constant rate of drying. The Midilli model showed the best fit of experimental data. All samples showed levels of Hg higher than those permitted by Brazilian legislation. Monitoring programs and other studies are required to prevent the intake of yerba mate products contaminated with toxic metals.
In vitro inhibition attempts and bio-elicitation of Solanum lycopersicum L. by chitin and chitosan against Ralstonia solanacearum, the causal agent of bacterial wilt
Authors: Rkhaila Amine , Saga Mouhatti , Grohs Sofia Ghizlan , Ounine Khadija
Published: May 2022

Ralstonia solanacearum is one of the most destructive pathogens of vegetables causing very important economic losses. In 2019, 20 strains of R. solanacearum were collected from potato tubers in Morocco. After their identification, the inhibitory effect of colloidal solutions of chitin and/or chitosan was evaluated in vitro on a solid medium (Mueller Hinton) supplemented with these biopolymers. The concentrations (25, 50, or 100 mg L-1) contributed to significant inhibition of the growth of the isolated strains that led to an inhibition of 45.04% with the combination of chitin-chitosan (100 mg L-1), 58.92% with the addition of 100 mg L-1 of chitin, and 68.74% in the presence of chitosan at 25 mg L-1. Likewise, in experiments with Solanum lycopersicum L. seedlings, chitin derivatives significantly promoted stem and root growth. Stem length increased by 54.95% when chitin was added at 25 mg L-1, while soil amendment with 100 mg L-1 of chitosan increased root length by 82.55% compared to the control. The severity of bacterial wilt due to R. solanacearum was reduced by 117.02% when we added 100 mg L-1 of chitosan to the soil. However, the severity of this disease decreased by 142.86% when the soil was amended with chitin at 50 mg L-1. These findings are consistent with prior research that suggests using this technique to manage bacterial wilt caused by R. solanacearum.
Artisans Seeking Shelter: Craftspeople Moving to the Countryside and (New) Local Communities
Authors: Rennu Madis , Rõigas Andres , Araste Lii
Published: May 2022

New ecovillage communities, and individuals who simply move from the towns to the countryside in Estonia, are inspired by a desire to be involved in heritage preservation, local customs, and traditional skills. Ecovillages are keen to attract people who are skilled in various traditional handicrafts, while craftspeople, in turn, may encounter fewer problems finding the facilities and raw materials needed to practice their crafts on moving to the countryside. The present paper focuses on activities in five new rural communities from the perspective of craftspeople. We asked them to describe their initial incentives for establishing and joining the respective communities, and the directions of their joint activities. We documented a significant diversity among the five communities. Some were self-evolved, while others had been deliberately established. Some communities had local roots, while others were spearheaded from elsewhere. Some of the communities sought idyllic landscapes and indigenous culture, social life, and friendship, while others valued the region's economic potential. We found highly skilled niche producers in excellently equipped workshops who were involved in so-called content-focused activities in various manor estate buildings renovated with the help of European Union funds, as well as those starting from scratch on principle. Community representatives included those striving for the greatest possible economic independence and minimal ecological footprint, as well as those looking for opportunities to recreate the kind of farming life typical of last century, based on work carried out by people and horses — and, across almost all groups, people with a keen interest in a wide variety of handicraft skills from the past. We also observed other, personal motivations and experiences among our respondents — for example, how they had been invited there, what supported their move, and what they found problematic. We were interested in the present state of affairs: how the community contributes to their new skills and practices; how the new community and other local inhabitants manage communication networks; and how they see themselves and their way of life in their new home. We were keen to find out whether the symbiosis of local nature, old values and skills, and innovative and fresh practical solutions will prove sustainable in the long term.
Notes on the papyri of Plato and the constitution of the text†
Authors: Curtolo Maria Vittoria
Published: May 2022

In addition to other sources, Plato's dialogues are transmitted via 130 papyri that contribute to the constitution of the text. Starting from the Corpus dei papiri filosofici greci e latini volumes, about 1070 readings preserved by the Platonic papyri have been collected in a database, where they have been classified in different lists. For instance, the papyri may preserve new correct readings or, since in principle they represent half of the tradition, they can be seen as contributing to the choice between adiaphora. In addition, papyri belie conjectures much more than they confirm them, thus rehabilitating the mistrusted medieval text.
The poet, the saint and the imitation of Christ in Venantius Fortunatus’ carmen 5. 6*
Authors: Friedrich Enno
Published: May 2022

In the paper, I am revisiting the complicated and many-layered interpretation of Ven. Fort. Carm. 5. 6, letter and figure poem. I am adding another layer by including the role of St. Symphorian, who is implicitly present in the poem through the addressee Syagrius, the bishop of Autun, Symphorian’s hometown. The presence of the saint plays together with the story of father and son that is told in the letter; the parallelism of the story in the letter and the saint’s legend could have laid additional pressure on Bishop Syagrius to give into Fortunatus’s plea.
Analysis of power losses in multilevel pulse-width modulation inverters
Authors: Manat Symbat , Yugay Vyacheslav , Kaliaskarov Nurbol
Published: May 2022

The paper describes the types of multilevel pulse-width modulation, as well as methods for obtaining control signals for the inverter power switches for each of the types. The dependence of the harmonic composition of the output voltage of the inverter on the number of levels and the switching frequency of the keys of each level is analyzed. By modeling, the dependences of the transistor junction temperature on the number of voltage levels, switching frequency and load power are determined. The power switching system of an inverter with phase-shifted pulse-width modulation in high-frequency mode is analyzed, the dependence of switching losses on inductance is investigated. The ways of solving or improving the control systems of the conductivity losses of the converter flowing through the primary winding of a high-frequency transformer during the free-running period are formulated. The importance of this direction for the technological development of the economy, where efficiency improvements can lower individual utility bills, create jobs, and help stabilize electricity prices and volatility is shown. The most important stage of inverter design is called structural synthesis stage – the choice of topology and modulation algorithm that will ensure the greatest efficiency of the device. In addition, since the efficiency and reliability of inverters depend on the efficiency and reliability of secondary electricity consumers, the task of optimizing inverter circuits is a cornerstone for the effective development of technology and economy. The maximum dynamic power loss at a PWM frequency of 1 kHz reaches only 80 watts compared to the static power loss value of 800 watts
Construction of a simulation model for substantiating the parameters of long-term road maintenance contracts
Authors: Kanin Alexander , Kharchenko Anna , Tsybulskyi Vitalii , Sokolova Natalia , Shpyh Alona
Published: May 2022

This paper reports a study into the main parameters of long-term contracts for the maintenance of roads. Weaknesses in existing methods and models of substantiation of the initial characteristics of contracts have been identified. It is established that the main reason for the transition to long-term contacts in the road sector is the need to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of road asset management. This determines the main goal to maintain the operational condition of all components of roads at a level that ensures the satisfaction of user requirements and contributes to the preservation of assets.
A simulation model for substantiating the parameters of long-term contracts for road maintenance has been built, which makes it possible to simulate forecast assessments of the characteristics of contracts. Underlying this study is the Monte Carlo method, as well as the triangular law of distribution, models of deterioration and restoration of the condition of road elements. Taking into consideration these models, it was established that the error in justifying the parameters of long-term contracts according to the devised method is up to 10 %.
The devised model was tested by applying the developed original LTCsimula program using an example of the section of a motorway with a length of 87.3 km with an average level of requirements. According to the results of the test, the assessment of the laws of distribution of value, as well as the amount of deductions and profits of a long-term contract, was carried out. The calculation results demonstrated the model’s capability to determine the strategies for the maintenance of roads, taking into consideration the risk of implementing a contract with an error of up to 3.9 %.
The practical use of the devised simulation model makes it possible to improve the efficiency of operational maintenance of roads, as well as to save from 10 % to 40 % of the cost of road maintenance
Construction of a regression model for assessing the efficiency of separation of lightweight seeds on vibratory machines involving measures to reduce the harmful influence of the aerodynamic factor
Authors: Nykyforov Аnton , Antoshchenkov Roman , Halych Ivan , Kis Viсtor , Polyansky Pavlo , Koshulko Vitalii , Tymchak Dmytro , Dombrovska Alla , Kilimnik Inna
Published: May 2022

When separating (cleaning) lightweight seed mixtures with the help of vibratory machines, there is an issue related to the harmful effect of air movement in the gaps between parallel working surfaces of vibratory machine units. This factor is particularly harmful to seed material, which is sensitive to air movement (some medicinal and vegetable crops). To address this issue, the design of vibratory machines is changed while their operational regimes are configured accordingly. This requires many full-scale experiments and (or) time-consuming personal computer-based simulation of the working processes of the vibrational motion of such seed mixtures.
This paper proposes several regression models that make it possible to replace time-consuming numerical modeling with simple analytical expressions (regression equations). These equations are used for a quantitative assessment of the degree of influence of aerodynamics on the kinematic parameters of the vibrational motion of particles of seed mixtures. The assessment is derived depending on the geometric characteristics of the aerodynamic screen, the design of the unit, and the amplitude of oscillations of the working surfaces of a vibratory machine. The models take the form of equations of multiple linear regression of the second order, obtained on the basis of a series of numerical experiments. The processes of vibration movement of the seed material of parsnips, lettuce, and fragrant dill were investigated. The coefficient of determination equaled 0.956...0.967.
The results reported here are useful for the construction of algorithms to optimize the design and adjust the operating modes of vibratory separators according to the criterion of minimizing the harmful effects of the aerodynamic factor
Application of TRIZ to modify oven drying for SMEs to maintain the eugenol content in dried cloves
Authors: Dewanti Beauty Suestining Diyah , Adesta Erry Yulian Triblas , Ismail Ahmad Faris bin
Published: May 2022

Clove essential oil (EO) has a high eugenol content. Fresh cloves need to go through a drying and distillation process to produce essential oils. However, sun drying cannot be done optimally during the rainy season. Therefore, some farmers (SMEs) use the oven drying method. The initial study found that the eugenol content after the drying process decreased. Therefore, this study aimed to maintain high eugenol content in dry cloves. After identifying the problem, it is solved using the TRIZ method, and research is continued for a new oven prototype. Three issues are found in drying cloves based on field surveys and literature studies. First, the clove moisture content is not uniform after the drying process. The second problem was that the clove was too dry after the drying process and the eugenol content decreased. And the third problem is the oven that has been used so far is still fuel-wasting. The literature studies also found several parameters to be a reference in designing a new oven: the number of trays in the oven, clove thickness, the space between the trays in the oven, and the steam gap on the tray. In addition, the appropriate oven coating material can also be determined (plywood, galvanized plate, and air). In the TRIZ method, several solutions were found to design a new oven. Eight things have been changed from the existing drying oven, including the number of trays in the oven, a steam gap in each tray, the size of the mesh used for the tray base, material for the drying oven, the thickness of the cloves on the tray, the temperature used in the drying process, installation of a thermostat to control the temperature in the oven, separate combustion chamber from the tray space (indirect heating), and without using a blower
Optimization of an information system module for solving a direct gravimetry problem using a genetic algorithm
Authors: Nazirova Assem , Kalimoldayev Maksat , Abdoldina Farida , Dubovenko Yurii
Published: May 2022

Optimal approaches to solving many problems are required in many areas. One of these areas is the determination of the occurrence of gravity anomalies in oil and gas fields. In this paper is proposed a new approach for determining the source of gravity anomalies in an oil and gas fields by estimating the gravity parameters associated with simple-shaped bodies such as a homogeneous sphere, a horizontal prism, and a vertical step. The approach was implemented in the computational module of the GeoM information system for optimizing the solution of a series of direct gravimetry problems using a genetic algorithm (GA). Approach is based on solving the direct gravimetry problem to minimize the discrepancy of gravity variations by the genetic algorithm. The method allows to select values simultaneously for several parameters of the studied environment. The task is realized through successive approximations based on a given initial approximation of the medium.
The paper indicates the initial calculation parameters and criteria for finding optimal solutions for models of the geological environment. The calculations were carried out for such models of the environment as a homogeneous sphere, a horizontal prism and a vertical ledge. For calculations, the results of gravimetric monitoring at one of the Kazakh oil and gas fields were used. The paper demonstrates the operation of the algorithm and presents the results of modeling for three available field profiles. The obtained results of the system showed an acceptable accuracy of the algorithm up to 10-11. The genetic algorithm made it possible to significantly increase the reliability of the model and reduce the working time for analyzing the measured gravitational field
A new modified HS algorithm with strong Powell-Wolfe line search for unconstrained optimization
Authors: Al-Naemi Ghada Moayid
Published: May 2022

Optimization is now considered a branch of computational science. This ethos seeks to answer the question «what is best?» by looking at problems where the quality of any answer can be expressed numerically. One of the most well-known methods for solving nonlinear, unrestricted optimization problems is the conjugate gradient (CG) method. The Hestenes and Stiefel (HS-CG) formula is one of the century’s oldest and most effective formulas. When using an exact line search, the HS method achieves global convergence; however, this is not guaranteed when using an inexact line search (ILS). Furthermore, the HS method does not always satisfy the descent property. The goal of this work is to create a new (modified) formula by reformulating the classic parameter HS-CG and adding a new term to the classic HS-CG formula. It is critical that the proposed method generates sufficient descent property (SDP) search direction with Wolfe-Powell line (sWPLS) search at every iteration, and that global convergence property (GCP) for general non-convex functions can be guaranteed. Using the inexact sWPLS, the modified HS-CG (mHS-CG) method has SDP property regardless of line search type and guarantees GCP. When using an sWPLS, the modified formula has the advantage of keeping the modified scalar non-negative sWPLS. This paper is significant in that it quantifies how much better the new modification of the HS performance is when compared to standard HS methods. As a result, numerical experiments between the mHSCG method using the sWPL search and the standard HS optimization problem show that the CG method with the mHSCG conjugate parameter is more robust and effective than the CG method without the mHSCG parameter
Improving the efficiency of an aircraft power plant with a turboprop engine based on water-methanol mixture injection
Authors: Ulitenko Yurii , Loginov Vasyl , Kravchenko Igor , Popov Viktor , Rasstrygin Oleksandr , Yelans'ky Olexandr
Published: May 2022

This paper considers a technique for modernizing the power plant (PP) of a regional aircraft. The modernization is based on the injection of water or a water-methanol mixture into the compressor or combustion chamber of a turboprop engine (TPE). An algorithm has been developed for the thermodynamic calculation of TPE parameters, taking into consideration the injected mixture; the mathematical model (MM) has been improved. Methodical studies of the operability and range of application of the improved MM were carried out. The results of mathematical modeling were validated. For verification, the AI-450M turboshaft engine produced by GP Ivchenko-Progress (Ukraine) was used as an object of research. Based on the improved MM, a software module has been developed to study the performance characteristics of a regional aircraft with a TPE. The influence of water injection and a water-methanol mixture on the TPE operating process and the operational characteristics of a regional passenger aircraft has been studied.
The proposed measures could be implemented in existing TPEs. This would allow the operation of aircraft without significant modernization of the airport infrastructure. For TPE, the injection of water and a water-methanol mixture is an alternative way of boosting in order to temporarily improve performance. A given modernization technique could improve the TPE power up to ~10 %, as well as reduce the amount of harmful emissions.
The results obtained showed a satisfactory convergence of estimated and experimental data. The error of the results under the accepted assumptions does not exceed 3 %. The calculation results demonstrate the advantages of injection at the take-off stage of the aircraft to reduce the take-off distance (up to 45 % in hot conditions TAMB=+30 °C) and reduce the time of climbing the echelon (~10 %)
Improvement of the technology of fatty acids obtaining from oil and fat production waste
Authors: Kalyna Viktoriia , Stankevych Serhii , Myronenko Liliia , Hrechko Andrii , Bogatov Oleg , Bragin Oleksandr , Romanov Oleksii , Ogurtsov Yuriy , Semenov Evgeny , Filenko Olesya
Published: May 2022

Fatty acids are an important component in the pharmaceutical, food, chemical industries. The production of various types of products requires a certain purity and quality of fatty acids. To obtain these compounds, it is promising to use soapstocks, which are waste products of alkaline refining of oils.
The peculiarity of the work lies in determining the effect of the process parameters of soapstock decomposition with sulfuric acid on the saponification number, which is an important production characteristic of fatty acids.
The study used sunflower soapstock according to DSTU 5033 (CAS 68952-95-4) with a mass fraction of total fat of 69.5 %, fatty acids – 64.5 %. The soapstock was treated with a sulfuric acid solution at a temperature of 90 °C, the process duration was 40 min. Rational parameters of soapstock treatment were determined: concentration of sulfuric acid in the reaction mass is 80 %, concentration of an aqueous solution of sulfuric acid – 50 %. In the experiment interval, the settling duration of the reaction mass does not affect the saponification number of fatty acids. The settling time of 1 hour is effective for the isolation of fatty acids. Under these conditions, the saponification number of fatty acids was 186.4 mg KOH/g. The acids correspond to fatty acids of the first grade according to DSTU 4860 (CAS 61788-66-7): mass fraction of moisture and volatile substances – 1.2 %, mass fraction of total fat – 97.5 %, cleavage depth – 95.0 % oleic acid.
The obtained data allow rational and most efficient use of the reagent – sulfuric acid. The results of the work make it possible to reduce the duration of fatty acids obtaining from soapstocks, since the efficiency of the process with the minimum duration of mass settling has been confirmed. The improved technology of soapstock decomposition makes it possible to obtain a valuable product – high-quality fatty acids under rational conditions
optimizing geometric parameters for the rotor of a traction synchronous reluctance motor assisted by partitioned permanent magnets
Authors: Liubarskyi Borys , Iakunin Dmytro , Nikonov Oleh , Liubarskyi Dmytro , Yeritsyan Bagish
Published: May 2022

This paper considers partitioning parameters and the mutual arrangement of magnets in the rotor of the traction synchronous-jet engine with permanent partitioned magnets. The synthesis of geometrical parameters for the rotor of a synchronous reluctance motor with partitioned permanent magnets was proposed on the basis of solving the problem of conditional optimization. To solve the synthesis problem, a mathematical model has been built to determine the electromagnetic momentum of a synchronous reluctance motor with partitioned permanent magnets. It is based on the calculation of the electromagnetic momentum of the engine employing the results of a finite-element analysis of the magnetic field in the flat-parallel statement of the problem. The model is implemented in the finite-element analysis FEMM environment and makes it possible to determine the electromagnetic momentum of the engine with a variety of partitioning of permanent magnets. As an analysis problem, it is proposed to use a mathematical model of the magnetic field of the engine. The problem of conditional optimization of the rotor of a synchronous reluctance motor was stated according to the geometric criteria of the rotor. Restrictions are set on geometric, strength indicators, as well as on the level of electromagnetic momentum. The chosen optimization method is the Nelder-Mead method.
Based on the results of solving the problem of synthesizing parameters for the partitioned rotor of the traction motor of trolleybus wheels, it was established that the volume of permanent magnets was reduced by 2.27 times compared to the base structure; their optimal geometric dimensions were determined (5 mm, 5.2 mm, and 5 mm), as well as the distance between them, 17.8 mm and 15.3 mm, and the engine load angle, which is 121.12 electrical degrees.
Based on the results of solving the problem of synthesizing parameters for the partitioned rotor of a trolleybus traction synchronous reluctance motor, its optimal geometric parameters have been determined
Development of crypto-code constructs based on LDPC codes
Authors: Pohasii Serhii , Yevseiev Serhii , Zhuchenko Oleksandr , Milov Oleksandr , Lysechko Volodymyr , Kovalenko Oleksandr , Kostiak Maryna , Volkov Andrii , Lezik Aleksandr , Susukailo Vitalii
Published: May 2022

The results of developing post-quantum algorithms of McEliece and Niederreiter crypto-code constructs based on LDPC (Low-Density Parity-Check) codes are presented. With the rapid growth of computing capabilities of mobile technologies and the creation of wireless mesh and sensor networks, Internet of Things technologies, and smart technologies on their basis, information security is becoming an urgent problem. At the same time, there is a need to consider security in two circuits, internal (directly within the network infrastructure) and external (cloud technologies). In such conditions, it is necessary to integrate threats to both the internal and external security circuits. This allows you to take into account not only the hybridity and synergy of modern targeted threats, but also the level of significance (degree of secrecy) of information flows and information circulating in both the internal and external security circuits. The concept of building security based on two circuits is proposed. To ensure the security of wireless mobile channels, it is proposed to use McEliece and Niederreiter crypto-code constructs based on LDPC codes, which allows integration into the credibility technology of IEEE 802.15.4, IEEE 802.16 standards. This approach provides the required level of security services (confidentiality, integrity, authenticity) in a full-scale quantum computer. Practical security technologies based on the proposed crypto-code constructs, online IP telephony and the Smart Home system based on the use of an internal server are considered
Optimizing the process of fire detection in warehouses considering the type and location of fire detectors
Authors: Sharyy Volodymyr , Pasnak Ivan , Renkas Artur
Published: May 2022

An integral condition for avoiding damage due to fires in warehouses, or at least minimizing them, is the early detection of fires using fire protection systems, as well as its timely localization. Depending on which fire detectors are selected to protect the relevant premises and where they are installed, the time of operation of all elements of automatic control systems in case of a fire will depend. The review of literary data revealed that at present there is no comprehensive approach to choosing the optimal placement in warehouses. In addition, the optimal placement of fire detectors within the room, taking into consideration the type of fire load, has not been sufficiently studied. Therefore, the purpose of the current study is to establish the dependence of the time of operation of different types of fire detectors on the type of combustible material, namely its mass burnout rate, distance, and height of placement of detectors from a potential fire site. This paper reports a procedure for conducting an experimental study to identify the appropriate dependence for warehouses. The results of the experiments showed that the most effective in warehouses are targeted fire smoke detectors and aspiration systems. Based on the results of a complete factor experiment, nonlinear empirical dependences to determine the time of operation of smoke fire detectors on the above factors were built. The resulting empirical dependences make it possible to choose fire detectors and optimally place them within a room. The average error in these dependences when compared with the experimental data is 6.9 %. The use of the derived dependences makes it possible to reduce the time of operation of fire detectors by 14 s in comparison with their placement in accordance with building codes
Strengthening and restoration of damaged reinforced concrete structures with composite plastics
Authors: Mukhanbetzhanova Zhanna , Bespayev Aliy
Published: May 2022

This paper considers directions to devise methods for restoring the operational suitability of reinforced concrete structures. Mistakes of designers and non-compliance with the concreting technology of monolithic reinforced concrete structures lead to the formation of cracks and deflections of unacceptable size in reinforced concrete beams and floor slabs, as well as to insufficient strength of the elements. Such structures require not only an increase in bearing capacity but also the restoration of the operational suitability of damaged structures. A technique for restoring the serviceability of bendable reinforced concrete structures with increased deflections and excessive crack opening is proposed. To restore bendable reinforced concrete structures, surface reinforcement with pre-stressed fiber-reinforced plastics is suggested, which is ensured by the creation of a building lift in the damaged elements. Fiber-reinforced plastics have a high strain modulus, elastic nature of the diagram, and increased frost resistance; they tolerate fatigue effects well and are resistant to the effects of chemically active substances. Unlike conventional reinforcement methods, surface reinforcement techniques are characterized by high gain efficiency, corrosion resistance, low labor intensity, and short terms of work; they ensure strength increase and provide for economic feasibility. This study's results established that the use of fiber-reinforced plastics not only increases the bearing capacity of reinforced concrete structures but also helps reduce the width of the cracks formed. Thus, it is possible to avoid an increase in the cross-section of structures and reduce the time of operations, which could lead to additional costs
Project development of a precision installer for measuring inhomogeneous density of the solution in the process of automation of the technological software and hardware complex
Authors: Berikkhanova Kulzhan , Seredin German , Sarbassov Dastan , Berikkhanova Gulsara , Alimbayev Aidar
Published: May 2022

A project of a precision installer for measuring the inhomogeneous density of the solution has been developed. This module is one of the key components of an automated program-controlled complex created for the encapsulation of cell transport systems.
An analysis of existing methods for determining the values of viscosity and density shifts shows that optical measurement methods are the most appropriate for designing the precision installer due to their simplicity and reliability.
Implementation of optical measurement is also due to the need to ensure sterility of analyzed material, as well as non-destructive testing of liquid.
Using the ultrasound method requires immersion in liquid of transmitting element and receiver, which violates the principle of sterility. According to the results of measurements, it was found that the method of recording optical radiation can determine density distribution in the cuvette volume after centrifugation with a high degree of accuracy. The exact positioning of the needle for the selection of liquid has been achieved. A measuring optical module has been developed to determine the inhomogeneous density of the liquid.
Accurate positioning of the carousel at given points by mounting permanent neodymium magnets in the base of cuvette compartments has been achieved.
The simplification of measuring configuration by the exclusion of dispersive elements, filters and the monochromator significantly reduces the cost of measuring equipment and makes it easy to implement for solving such problems.
The introduction of modern digital technologies into the project makes it possible to process signal packets from positioning sensors and through individual channels, which is especially important for automating measurement and positioning processes, taking into account sterility
Estimating the initial stage in the process of radial-reverse extrusion using a triangular kinematic module
Authors: Hrudkina Natalia , Levchenko Vladymyr , Aliiev Igramotdin , Diachenko Yurii , Sivak Roman , Sukhovirska Liudmyla
Published: May 2022

Those parts of solid or hollow blanks whose shape is complex should be produced by means of combined radial-longitudinal extrusion. However, the use of combined extrusion processes with several degrees of flow freedom requires a preliminary assessment of shape formation, which is true, taking into consideration the peculiarities of evolution of strain sites at different stages of deformation.
When deforming high blanks, the presence of an intermediate rigid zone can be observed, separating two autonomous strain sites. When constructing an estimation scheme of the initial stage
of the process of combined radial-backward extrusion of hollow parts with a flange, the presence of an intermediate rigid zone is taken into consideration. The need to improve the devised estimation scheme is caused by significant deviations in the projected growths of a part from its experimentally derived dimensions. As an alternative to the axial rectangular kinematic module of the lower deformation site, the use of an axial triangular module has been proposed, whose effectiveness is demonstrated in simulating the process of radial-longitudinal extrusion with expansion. The rationality of the proposed replacement was revealed, both for forecasting the forced mode of the deformation process and for the gradual part’s shape formation. This has made it possible to reduce the projected estimates to 10 % in terms of the increase in the size of a part based on a comparative analysis with experimentally derived data. It is recommended to use the devised scheme for modeling the initial stage of the process for relatively high blanks at H0/h1>4…6; the limitation is the degeneration of the intermediate rigid zone.
This will contribute to compiling recommendations for expanding the possibilities of using combined radial-backward extrusion of hollow parts with a flange during production