bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pocket elimination therapy– The rhyme and reason
Authors: Salam C Babu , Yasmin Parvin SS , Devika G , Bordoloi Pratiksha , Anvesh Gandham , Kishor S Midhun
Published: April 2021

Effective patient home care, coupled with regular professional maintenance, is the cornerstone of all successful therapy. A patient who is unwilling or unable to demonstrate the necessary level of plaque removal efficacy and commitment should never be considered a candidate for interdisciplinary therapy. Rather, all efforts must be made through instructional, motivational, technical, and chemical means to help the patient in question control plaque levels and thus provide a reasonable milieu for the acceptance of the necessary dentistry. Failure to demand such a level of plaque control results in therapeutic failure, and increased levels of frustration and anxiety for both the patient and the treating clinicians. While the patient has an obligation to make every effort to perform appropriate plaque control, it is imperative that the treating clinicians provide the patient with a milieu that is most conducive to effective plaque control, and that provides the greatest chance of a favorable long - term prognosis.
Cross infection control awareness of dentists of Northern India for Covid-19 pandemic
Authors: Agrawal Sudhanshu , Singh Dipti , Kumar Pandey Pradeep
Published: April 2021

Pandemic of COVID-19 is globally on the rise. Routes of transmission include human to human contact. Dentists are at highest risk of coronavirus infection contraction and dissemination. Due to recent outbreak of this disease, definitive guidelines on this subject are not sufficient for various procedures. Awareness of protective measures for dental practices may reduce the number of new cases within the country. The aim of this study was to evaluate the awareness of cross infection control measures during stage I of pandemic of COVID-19 within dental practices of Lucknow & Barabanki district Uttar Pradesh, India. A cross sectional study based on evidence provided by Department of Periodontics, Chandra Dental College & Hospital, Safedabad, Barabanki was conducted during the stage I of spread of coronavirus amongst general dental practitioners of Lucknow & Barabanki district Uttar Pradesh, India. A questionnaire comprising of 10 questions pertinent to the cross-infection protocol for COVID-19 in a dental setting was constructed. Sample size was calculated for registered general dental practitioners of Lucknow & Barabanki district Uttar Pradesh, India. The form was communicated to 200 general dental practitioners all over Lucknow & Barabanki district Uttar Pradesh, India. Out of these, 143 (71.5%) responded. Majority participants showed adequate level of awareness (more than 66%), for protection measures against corona virus COVID-19 in a dental practice. However, few aspects need more emphasis. such as during initial patient interview, temperature evaluation, radiographic records, pre-operative rinses, nature of permissible procedures, surface disinfection, irrigation and drainage methods, to control the chain the infection transmission. Earlier awareness of COVID-19 specific protection measures to health professionals may reduce the number of new diseased cases. Strict adherence to social distancing generally and COVID-19 specific cross infection control measures in a dental setting might help in timely control of this potentially deadly disease.
Scrupulous management of Lichen planus with follow up
Authors: Ravina  , Mansi  , Nagpal Archna , Anuridhi
Published: April 2021

Lichen planus is a chronic autoimmune disorder of mucosa and skin, affecting mainly females in the third decade of life and is rare in the young age group. The etiology of Lichen planus is still unknown with certain triggering factors which include mental stress, medicines, and systemic disorders. Oral Lichen planus is a painful disorder that mainly involves the buccal mucosa of the oral cavity. The reticular pattern is most common while an atrophic and erosive type of oral lichen planus is less common. Here we present a case of a lichen planus (reticular, pigmented, and annular types) involving buccal mucosa bilaterally, hard palate, and tongue without any cutaneous lesions in an 18-year-old female patient with a meticulous follow-up. Lichen planus patients need consistent follow up and physician reassurance in addition to medicinal management.
¿Qué hace un centro de atención psicosocial infanto-juvenil 24 horas en la ciudad de Curitiba, Brasil?
Authors: Santos Deivisson Vianna Dantas dos , Daniele Basegio , Rafael Gomes Ditterich , Isabela Naves Conciani , Sabrina Stefanello
Published: April 2021

La política nacional de salud mental de la niñez y la adolescencia aún está mal estructurada en Brasil. En términos generales, se trata de una copia de su equivalente para adultos, lo que dificulta su vinculación con la red. El objetivo de esta investigación fue analizar y caracterizar las acciones desarrolladas en un Centro de Atención Psicosocial Infanto-Juvenil con camas, que atiende las 24 horas del día en la ciudad de Curitiba, Brasil. Se trata de un estudio descriptivo, de análisis de historias clínicas y datos de productividad del año 2016, que fueron provistos por el Departamento de Informática del Sistema Único de Salud (DATASUS). Los resultados muestran que el servicio realizó 29.449 procedimientos, atendió a 112 niñas, niños y adolescentes en la recepción de 24 horas. Las historias clínicas indican el amplio uso del servicio por parte de la red. El 52% de la demanda provino de la atención primaria, pero la otra mitad de una amplia variedad de servicios. Esa variedad de acciones sugiere una clínica más flexible, que reemplaza el hospital psiquiátrico clásico por los principios de la clínica ampliada. Además, la existencia de camas facilitó la administración de la crisis de forma más vinculada al territorio.
Seismic Performance of a Hybrid Coupled Wall System Using different Coupling Beam Arrangements
Authors: SALAMEH Molham , SHAYANFAR Mohsenali , BARKHORDARİ Mohammad
Published: April 2021

This study implemented multirecord nonlinear dynamic and fragility analysis in order to gain more insight into the hybrid coupled wall (HCW) system. Two potentials are used to construct coupling beams, which are the typical steel coupling beam and the replaceable steel coupling beam. Furthermore, an innovative idea for replaceable beams is discussed utilizing reinforced concrete infill instead of steel stiffeners. A new simplified FE model for such beam is carried out in order to explore how this new beam influences the seismic performance of HCW system. An additional equivalent bare RC wall case study is also taken into account for a comprehensive comparison. A precise 2D modelling method using Opensees platform is adopted after validation against experimental and complex 3D numerical simulations. The results indicate a good effect of the replaceable coupling beams concept upon reducing the vulnerability of wall piers under low and moderate events. In terms of coupling beams fragility, the replaceable steel coupling beams also demonstrate better damage resistance when compared with typical steel beams under low and moderate seismic events. Using reinforced concrete infill instead of steel stiffeners can significantly protect beams maintenance without affecting wall piers’ vulnerability.
Mapping NACC Centers: The Past and Future Trajectory of Academic Nonprofit Centers
Authors: Weber Peter , Brunt Carol
Published: April 2021

Nonprofit and philanthropic studies (NPS) as an academic field grew over the past four decades. Academic centers are more flexible entities than traditional academic structures and as such play a central role in the field’s growth. Our study maps members of the Nonprofit Academic Centers Council (NACC) with specific attention on centers’ establishment and development. We survey NACC centers and review archival records to study NPS’s evolution. We find center creation clustered in the period 1999-2003, when a combination of external funding and academic growth created a favorable environment for academic entrepreneurs to establish academic centers. We illustrate two trends over the past decades. Academic centers increasingly emphasized a NPS disciplinary focus, while, in the same period, traditional university structures absorbed several centers. These two trends suggest contrasting narratives emphasizing either the field’s successful institutionalization or these centers’ loss of independence.
Pozytywny wizerunek i dobra reputacja sposobem na zmniejszenie ryzyka w bankowości
Authors: Wierzbicka Sylwia
Published: April 2021

Eksperci zanotowali w ostatnim czasie spadek zaufania m.in. do banków, jak i ubezpieczycieli z powodu kolejnej fazy spowolnienia gospodarczego. Współcześnie pozyskanie oraz utrzymanie klienta wymaga zastosowania zróżnicowanych narzędzi. Szczególnie istotne jest budowanie pozytywnego wizerunku, a także dobrej reputacji w świadomości konsumentów firmy. Nie ma wątpliwości, że takie działania przynoszą przedsiębiorstwu korzyści, pozwalając uzyskać przewagę konkurencyjną na rynku i jednocześnie obniżyć poziom ryzyka bankowego. Nadrzędnym celem opracowania jest zaprezentowanie elementów, które składają się na budowanie pozytywnego wizerunku oraz dobrej reputacji banków. Dodatkowo zostanie postawione pytanie o ekonomiczną opłacalność i wpływ na zmniejszenie ryzyka w bankowości społecznej odpowiedzialności biznesu.
PGRs and nutrient consortium effect on water relations, photosynthesis, catalase enzyme and yield of blackgram under salinity stress
Authors: Sivakumar R. , Priya S. Jaya
Published: April 2021

An experiment was conducted to study the effect of plant growth regulators namely jasmonic acid (50 µM), brassinolide (0.5 ppm), salicylic acid (100 ppm), ascorbic acid (100 ppm), gibberellic acid (10 ppm), benzyl amino purine (5 ppm) and nutrient consortium (K2SO4 (0.5%) + FeSO4 (0.5%) + Borax (0.3%) and TNAU Pulse Wonder (1%) on blackgram (Vigna mungo L.) variety TNAU (Blackgram) CO 6 under salinity condition. The salinity was imposed by 125 mM NaCl concentration in pot culture. Plant growth regulators and nutrient consortium were used as foliar spray at 20 and 40 days after sowing except jasmonic acid, which used as seed soaking. Under salinity stress, water potential, relative water content (RWC), photosynthetic rate, chlorophyll index and yield were significantly reduced as compared to control. Among the treatments, brassinolide and TNAU Pulse Wonder showed supremacy to enhance water potential, RWC and yield compared to other treatments. Salicylic acid performed better to stabilize the photosynthetic rate under salinity followed by TNAU Pulse Wonder. Benzyl amino purine had higher chlorophyll index than other treatments. Increased catalase activity was observed in brassinolide treated plants followed by salicylic acid and ascorbic acid under salinity.
Medical and police committee in the structure of the Moscow general police in the middle and second half of the 19th century
Authors: Tumin Alexander Y.
Published: April 2021

Fundamentally the Moscow police was created as a body with a wide range of responsibilities and numerous powers cover almost all spheres of life of the population. The Moscow police, by virtue of their status as a capital, was a kind of testing ground where various transformations in the police sphere were tested, which then spread to other cities of the Russian Empire. The middle of the 19th century became an important milestone in the development of the Moscow general police and the expansion of its competence. During this period of time, specialized divisions began to form in its structure, aimed at solving specific issues. The work discusses the experience of organizing, the legal and organizational foundations of the medical and police committee in the second most important city of the Russian Empire Moscow. The development of the Moscow general pre-revolutionary police and its individual units in the domestic historical and legal science has not been sufficiently studied, which is due to the lack of the necessary empirical material in the public domain. Based on the analysis of documents and statistical data of the Central State Archive of Moscow, first introduced into scientific circulation, explores the reasons for the formation, structure, basic powers of the Moscow Medical and Police Committee and the results of its activities. On the eve of the three hundredth anniversary of the formation of the Moscow police, the study of the experience of the Moscow police contributes to the growth of historical and legal knowledge about the activities of pre-revolutionary law enforcement bodies.
Legislative regulation of terrorist crimes in Russia before the October revolution of 1917
Authors: Eltsov Vladimir N. , Kozodaeva Olesya N.
Published: April 2021

The history of the development of legislation on criminal liability for crimes of a terrorist nature in Russia has changed. The modern perception of the criminal phenomenon under consideration, as we note, is reduced to the ideology of violence, the motivation and goals of which depend on what is at its core, for example, politics, religion, racism, and so on. The analysis of legislative acts before the October revolution of 1917 allows us to identify the objects of terrorist influence (representatives of the authorities, the gov-ernment, the head of state) and the methods of committing such criminal at-tacks (deliberate arson, explosion), which in practice had a certain criminal legal significance for the qualification and appointment of punishment. The work focuses on the fact that only some provisions of the articles of the Rus-sian Pravda, the Sudebnik of 1497 and 1550, the Pskov and Novgorod Court Documents, the Cathedral Code of 1649, the Military Code of 1715, the Code on Criminal and Correctional Punishments of 1845 contained signs of terrorist actions. In the course of the study, we conclude that no legislative act of the pre-Soviet period contained a terminological base that defines terrorist crimes as such. The wave of terror in the 19th–20th centuries. it resulted in the mass death of people and the commission of a number of other acts. Deliberate arson and explosions cause intimidation and cause significant damage to the interests of the individual, society and the State. The research in the scientific work shows that terrorism as an independent type of crime has been legally regulated since 1992.
Doctrinal principles of law: concept and specificity
Authors: Iliukhina Vera A.
Published: April 2021

Based on the understanding of the doctrinal principles of law as socially significant ideas formulated by scientists, practitioners, politicians in scientific works and other texts, as well as in public speeches and have not found a normative consolidation, the peculiarities of the doctrinal principles of law are highlighted. It is proposed to delimit the doctrinal principles of law from legal axioms and normatively enshrined principles of law (principles of positive law). The similarity between the doctrinal principles of law and legal axioms is that they are ideas. It is substantiated that their differences lie in the fact that legal axioms are always ideas that are socially important and tested by historical experience, and doctrinal principles can be absolutely any, including new ones, coinciding or not coinciding with the needs of society; doctrinal principles are always not normatively fixed (this is their main specific feature), and legal axioms may or may not have normative consolidation. The main differences between doctrinal and normatively enshrined principles of law are highlighted. Three ways are established for the implementation of doctrinal ideas to the level of sectoral, inter-sectoral or general legal principles. The position is substantiated that doctrinal principles have enormous social significance and play an important role in the legal system of Russia, since are the basis for innovative changes in law, are a driving force for the development of legislation, based on the level of development of scientific knowledge and the needs of society in a specific historical period.
Nomes contáveis e incontáveis em Ticuna
Authors: Skilton Amalia
Published: April 2021

Este estudo examina a distinção entre nomes contáveis e de massa em Ticuna (língua isolada). Com base em dados primários de coleta de campo, mostro que o padrão de substantivos contáveis e de massa se diferencia em vários domínios gramaticais. No sistema numérico do Ticuna, demonstro que os nomes massivos são incompatíveis com a marcação de plural nominal e verbal. No sistema dos quantificadores, mostro que numerais e quantificadores da língua Ticuna se combinam apenas com substantivos introduzidos por determinantes, nunca com substantivos simples. Apesar desta restrição, numerais e quantificadores permanecem sensíveis à contagem. Mesmo quando introduzidos por determinantes, os substantivos massivos não podem se combinar com numerais, nem com três dos seis quantificadores disponíveis para contar substantivos.
Os conceitos de informação, documento e regime de informação a partir da perspectiva frohmanniana na Ciência da Informação
Authors: Zammataro Ana Flávia Dias , Albuquerque Ana Cristina de
Published: April 2021

Introdução: O presente trabalho propõe uma discussão sobre os estudos que abordam os conceitos de informação, documento e regime de informação, na perspectiva de Bernd Frohmann, no que diz respeito à sua materialidade, à institucionalidade, à historicidade e à agência documentária autônoma. A questão norteadora é: como os autores, no contexto da Ciência da Informação, discutem as abordagens baseadas nos estudos de Bernd Frohmann? Objetivo: Para tanto, objetiva-se identificar o enfoque e as concepções e características referentes aos conceitos de informação, documento e regime de informação, buscando compreender as manifestações e influências que esse autor traz às incursões teóricas na Ciência da Informação. Método: A pesquisa foi realizada em periódicos da Ciência da Informação Qualis A1 e A2, no período de 2009 a 2019, e optou-se pela Revisão Sistemática de Literatura. Resultados: Os resultados demonstram o enfoque nas noções de informação, documento e regime de informação em Frohmann nesses trabalhos para embasar concepções e características introduzidas pelos próprios autores do campo da Ciência da Informação no Brasil. Conclusão: Considera-se que os trabalhos analisados complementam e ampliam diversas temáticas e emergem com reflexões desde filosóficas passando pelo profissional da informação até as práticas informacionais circundadas pelas políticas de informação, tecnologia e poder.
Análisis lingüístico sobre las características del lenguaje jurídico italiano y español
Authors: González Vallejo Rubén
Published: April 2021

El lenguaje jurídico se concibe como una subvariedad de la lengua común caracterizada por rasgos muy concretos y se muestra como el reflejo inmutable de los comportamientos que subyacen en cada cultura y que la diferencian de otras. A tal propósito, el presente artículo recoge las particularidades del lenguaje jurídico italiano y español con el fin de otorgar un breve decálogo de los aspectos más representativos para tener en cuenta en su traducción a través de numerosos ejemplos extraídos de la legislación vigente.

Inicialmente se abordará el plano léxico-semántico, en donde la presencia de palabras extranjeras y la fraseología acapararán el principal protagonismo; el nivel morfosintáctico, por su parte, prestará especial atención a la nominalización y a los tiempos verbales usados en ambos idiomas; por último, el nivel ortográfico y estilo se centrará principalmente en el uso de siglas y abreviaturas y en el oscurantismo del lenguaje jurídico.
Tratamiento exitoso de la ventriculitis por Acinetobacter baumanii multidrogo resistente con colistina intravenosa e intraventricular
Authors: Ramírez-Palomino Víctor A. , Saal-Zapata Giancarlo
Published: April 2021

Las infecciones del sistema nervioso central asociadas a dispositivos como el drenaje ventricular externo son frecuentes. Sin embargo, la ventriculitis por bacterias Gram negativas y resistentes a antibióticos genera un reto para el tratamiento médico y quirúrgico. Se presenta el caso de un paciente con diagnóstico de malformación arteriovenosa rota con hemorragia intraventricular que requirió la colocación de un dren ventricular externo. En la evolución posterior, desarrolló ventriculitis por Acinetobacter baumanii multidrogo resistente (MDR) confirmada por cultivos de líquido cefalorraquídeo y se procedió a tratamiento antibiótico dirigido por antibiograma, usando colistina endovenosa e intraventricular asociando meropenem, logrando la normalización de los valores de LCR. Además describimos la evolución clínica, tratamiento médico-quirúrgico y complicaciones asociadas durante su estancia en la unidad de cuidados intensivos.
Determinación de la influencia del marketing digital en la decisión de compra de productos fitness en usuarios de gimnasios de Lima Moderna
Authors:   , Madge Medina Richard , Chávez Macuri Diego Américo
Published: April 2021

En el siguiente trabajo demostraremos la relación de la influencia que tiene el marketing digital en la decisión de compra de productos fitness en usuarios de gimnasios en la zona delimitada de Lima moderna, siendo este estudio impulsado por la falta de publicidad de productos fitness en los canales tradicionales de marketing (televisión, radio, etc.) limitándose a publicaciones en plataformas de Internet; teniendo como meta justificar la inversión en este tipo de publicidad al promocionar productos fitness desde la perspectiva de un negocio pequeño y mediano; así como delimitando el concepto de productos fitness a suplementos ergogénicos (vitaminas, minerales, aminoácidos, etc.) los cuales se encuentran en venta sin receta médica (KidsHealth redacción, 2015). Por ello el primer capítulo hace hincapié en los fundamentos que impulsan esta investigación, define los términos base de ésta y plantea la problemática que se busca resolver al finalizar la investigación.
Propuesta de gestión pedagógica para el fortalecimiento de competencias digitales en docentes de la carrera de Comunicaciones en una universidad privada de Lima
Authors:   , Gonzáles Gaspar Gabriela Milagros
Published: April 2021

La investigación propone el diseño de una gestión pedagógica para fortalecer las competencias digitales de los docentes de la carrera de comunicaciones, en una universidad privada de Lima. Se enmarca dentro del paradigma socio-crítico e interpretativo, de enfoque cualitativo, el tipo de investigación es aplicada educacional, la muestra la conforman 26 docentes. Entre los instrumentos, están la guía de entrevista, cuestionario y ficha de análisis documental; el diagnóstico evidencia que los docentes reconocen algunas áreas de las competencias digitales, sin embargo, carecen de un programa de formación continuo para fortalecer estas competencias e integrarlas a su gestión pedagógica. Las categorías apriorísticas tienen sustento en el conectivismo, la pedagogía intercultural, el aprendizaje invisible y la socio-formación; estas teorías fundamentan el aprendizaje en la sociedad del conocimiento y las competencias digitales, las cuales no sólo deben desarrollarse en docentes, sino en cualquier individuo que va a formar parte de la sociedad. Como resultado de la investigación, se diseñó una propuesta de gestión pedagógica que comprende cuatro fases: planificación, implementación, acompañamiento y fortalecimiento; cada una de estas fases contiene etapas para fortalecer la competencia digital de los docentes. Por tanto, concluimos que el estudio tiene una traza formativa sólida para la resolución del problema, a través del programa de gestión pedagógica propuesto.
Položaj i turistički resursi čabarskog kraja
Authors: Turk Hrvoje
Published: April 2021

Čabarska mikroregija ima granični karakter. Čabarski kraj je prometnogeografski rubno položen u odnosu na glavne prometne pravce u Hrvatskoj i Sloveniji. Turistički prirodni resursi bitni su u turističkoj valorizaciji čabarskog kraja. To su reljefna raznolikost, planinska klima sa svježim ljetima i snježnim zimama, te vodno i biogeografsko bogatstvo. Prirodni su važniji od antropogeografskih resursa, među kojima su značajniji oni etnografskog karaktera (vodenice, pilane, kovačnice, seoska arhitektura i dr.), zatim dvorac Zrinskog u Čabru i neki sakralni objekti. Turistička valorizacija moguća je ljeti i zimi. U današnjim uvjetima potrebno je raditi na unapređivanju izletničkog, tranzitnog, seoskog i lovnog turizma.
Impacto del meta aprendizaje en el rendimiento académico y la motivación de alumnos primer curso de grado en el área de Expresión Gráfica. = Impact of meta learning on academic performance and motivation of first year bachelor students in descriptive geometry.
Authors: Álvarez Dorado Manuel , Mora Rey-Sánchez Blanca , Martín Pérez Javier , Pérez González Guillermo , Morón Fernández Carlos
Published: April 2021

El presente documento presenta los resultados de un proyecto de investigación e innovación educativa llevado a cabo durante dos cursos académicos consecutivos. A través de la inclusión de herramientas como la rúbrica, y estrategias como la coevaluación y la autoevaluación, se ha investigado la mejora del rendimiento y la motivación en alumnos de primer año de grado en arquitectura de la universidad de Sevilla. concretamente en el temario del sistema axonométrico, las proyecciones ortogonales y la normalización. Esta investigación se ha desarrollado en cuatro grupos distintos de dos centros de enseñanza. Dos de los grupos recibieron en el curso académico 2018/2019 la formación de forma tradicional y los otros dos fueron sometidos al proyecto de innovación durante el curso académico 2019/2020. La motivación inicial de ambos grupos fue bastante similar. En el grupo experimental se observó una mejora significativa de la motivación tras la impartición del temario. Tras la aplicación del PIE, el aumento de la motivación ha sido más notable que el del rendimiento académico. La autoevaluación y la coevaluación han impactado de forma directa y positiva en la motivación de los alumnos, y se relaciona directamente con el rendimiento académicoAbstractThis document presents the results of an educational research and innovation project carried out during two consecutive academic years. Through the inclusion of tools such as the rubric, and strategies such as co-evaluation and self-evaluation, the improvement of performance and motivation in first year bachelor students has been investigated, specifically in the axonometric system syllabus, orthogonal projections, and normalization. This research has been developed in four different groups of two teaching centres. Two of the groups received traditional training in the 2018/2019 academic year and the other two were subjected to the innovation project during the 2019/2020 academic year. The initial motivation of both groups was quite similar. In the experimental group, a significant improvement in motivation was observed after teaching the syllabus. After the application of the PLE, the increase in motivation has been more remarkable than that of academic performance. Self-evaluation and co-evaluation have had a direct and positive impact on student motivation and are directly related to academic performance.
High Light Intensities Can Be Used to Grow Healthy and Robust Cannabis Plants During the Vegetative Stage of Indoor Production
Authors: Moher Melissa , Llewellyn David , Jones Max , Zheng Youbin
Published: April 2021

Although the vegetative stage of indoor cannabis production can be relatively short in duration, there is a high energy demand due to higher light intensities (LI) than the clonal propagation stage and longer photoperiods than the flowering stage (i.e., 16 – 24 hours vs. 12 hours). While electric lighting is a major component of both energy consumption and overall production costs, there is a lack of scientific information to guide cultivators in selecting a LI that corresponds to their vegetative stage production strategies. To determine the vegetative plant responses to LI, clonal plants of ‘Gelato’ were grown for 21 days with canopy-level photosynthetic photon flux densities (PPFD) ranging between 135 and 1430 µmol·m-2·s-1 on a 16-hour photoperiod (i.e., daily light integrals of ≈ 8 to 80 mol·m-2·d-1). Plant height and growth index responded quadratically; the number of nodes, stem thickness, and aboveground dry weight increased asymptotically; and internode length and water content of aboveground tissues decreased linearly with increasing LI. Foliar attributes had varying responses to LI. Chlorophyll content index increased asymptotically, leaf size decreased linearly and specific leaf weight increased linearly with increasing LI. Generally, PPFD levels of ≈ 900 µmol·m-2·s-1 produced compact, robust plants that are commercially relevant, while PPFD levels of ≈ 600 µmol·m-2·s-1 promoted plant morphology with more open architecture – to increase airflow and reduce the potential foliar pests in compact (i.e., indica-dominant) genotypes.
Culture Shapes the Distinctiveness of Posed and Spontaneous Facial Expressions of Anger and Disgust
Authors: Fang Xia , Sauter Disa , Heerdink Marc , van Kleef Gerben
Published: April 2021

There is a growing consensus that culture influences the perception of facial expressions of emotion. However, little is known about whether and how culture shapes the production of emotional facial expressions, and even less so about whether culture differentially shapes the production of posed versus spontaneous expressions. Drawing on prior work on cultural differences in emotional communication, we tested the prediction that people from the Netherlands (a historically heterogeneous culture where people are prone to low-context communication) produce facial expressions that are more distinct across emotions compared to people from China (a historically homogeneous culture where people are prone to high-context communication). Furthermore, we examined whether the degree of distinctiveness varies across posed and spontaneous expressions. Dutch and Chinese participants were instructed to either pose facial expressions of anger and disgust, or to share autobiographical events that elicited spontaneous expressions of anger or disgust. Using the complementary approaches of supervised machine learning and information-theoretic analysis of facial muscle movements, we show that posed and spontaneous facial expressions of anger and disgust were more distinct when produced by Dutch compared to Chinese participants. These findings shed new light on the role of culture in emotional communication by demonstrating, for the first time, effects on the distinctiveness of production of facial expressions.
Revisiting Van Valen's Red Queen Hypothesis
Authors: Sole Ricard
Published: April 2021

Leigh Van Valen was an American evolutionary biologist who made major contributions to evolutionary theory and is particularly remembered by his groundbreaking paper "A New Evolutionary Law" (1973) where he provided evidence from fossil record data that this law maintains that the probability of extinction within any group remains es­sentially constant through time. In order to explain such unexpected result, Van Valen formulated a very influential idea that he dubbed the "Red Queen hypothesis". It states that the constant decay must be a consequence of evolutionary interactions among connected species within ecological networks. In Van Valen's picture, species do not merely evolve: they also coevolve with other species. As a consequence, when thinking in adaptation to an external environment, the other species must be considered as part (may be a major part) of such external world. Van Valen's law provided the first complex systems theory of coevolutionary dynamics and inspired a whole range of theoretical and experimental developments and scholars from very diverse fields, from economics to physics. In that respect, Leigh Van Valen's contribution percolated far beyond its original formulation. Red Queen arms races are nowadays considered a widespread feature of complex adaptive systems.
Remarkable Spiral Galaxies in Dark Energy Survey Data Release 2
Authors: Longo Michael J
Published: April 2021

A visual study of spiral galaxies from a subset of spiral galaxies in the Dark Energy Survey Data Release 2 finds that a significant number show long tails of baryonic matter, often much longer than the apparent diameter of the galaxy. Examples from less than 10% of the candidates are shown here and their possible origin is discussed. The tails were only seen connected to spiral galaxies; no examples of tails connected to elliptical galaxies or to artifacts were found. In many examples the tail is associated with what appears to be a colliding galaxy, but in many others there is no sign of one. An intriguing possibility is that in the latter cases the tails are produced by an encounter with an unseen object, either a massive black hole or a compact galaxy with mostly dark matter.
Trends in Epidemic Process Development of Tick-Borne Encephalitis in the Russian Federation, Laboratory Diagnosis, Prophylaxis and Forecast for 2021
Authors: Andaev E. I. , Nikitin A. Ya. , Yatsmenko E. V. , Verigina E. V. , Tolmacheva M. I. , Ayugin N. I. , Matveeva V. A. , Balakhonov S. V.
Published: April 2021

Tick-borne encephalitis is a natural-focal infection damaging central nervous system, caused by the similarly-named virus transmitted by several species of ixodic ticks. Natural foci of tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) are widely spread in the forest and forest-steppe landscape zones of the temperate climate belt in the vast territory of Eurasia from the Atlantic to the Pacific Ocean. New TBE-endemic territories have been recently identified in Japan, the Netherlands, and in the UK – in 2019. The increasing risk of infection due to the development of tourism and visits to natural foci of TBE became a public health issue of international concern. The aim of the study is to identify modern features of TBE incidence dynamics in the Russian Federation, the state of laboratory diagnostics and prevention and to predict the incidence for 2021. The paper shows that there is a persistent downward trend in TBE-cases in Russia, which is observed through the past few years. The characteristic feature of the epidemic season-2020 was a significant reduction in the incidence of TBE: 989 cases were registered in 33 constituent entities of the Russian Federation (morbidity rate – 0.67 per 100 000 of the population). The sharp decrease of TBE cases in 2020 as compared to 2019 against the background of a decrease in vaccination can be explained, along with natural factors, by the introduction of restrictive measures during the COVID-19 epidemic. The paper also reflects the dynamics of morbidity, seeking the medical services because of tick bites, the infection rate of the carrier, the scope of vaccination, seroprophylaxis, acaricide treatments. The coverage of express-diagnostic tests of ticks for markers of associated pathogens and its availability for the population are presented. It is recognized that the epidemiological situation on TBE in the Russian Federation remains unfavorable. It demands constant attention on the part of healthcare organizations and Federal Service for Surveillance in the Sphere of Consumers Rights Protection and Human Welfare, as well as management decision making aimed at further decrement in TBE incidence through the improvement of prevention measures, specifically in the entities that are characterized by high TBE incidence. The situation requires monitoring of natural foci of infection, enhancement of prophylaxis and treatment of TBE. The paper provides the forecast of TBE incidence for 2021 and values of the 95 % confidence range of the indicator fluctuation, taking into account the presence or absence of trends in its changes in the territory of federal districts and constituent entities of the Russian Federation in 2011–2020.
Comparative Analysis of the Vertical Risk of Transmission of Some Blood-Borne Infections in the Republic of Guinea
Authors: Balde T.A.L. , Boumbaly S. , Serikova E. N. , Valutite D. E. , Shchemelev A. N. , Ostankova Yu. V. , Zueva E. B. , Semenov A. V.
Published: April 2021

The aim of our work was to compare the HBV, HCV and HIV vertical transmission risk in the Republic of Guinea.

Materials and methods. The material for the study was 305 blood plasma samples from pregnant women living in Conakry, Republic of Guinea. The samples were examined for the presence of serological (HBsAg, antibodies antiHBs IgG, anti-HBcore IgG, anti-HCV IgG, Ag/Ab-HIV) and molecular (HBV DNA, HCV RNA, HIV RNA) markers.

Results and discussion. When assessing the overall prevalence of serological markers among patients, the incidence of HBV markers was 76.06 %. Antibodies to HCV were detected only in 1 case, which amounted to 0.32 %. HIV markers were detected in 3 cases, which amounted to 0.98 %. The prevalence of HBsAg in the group under examination significantly differed between the groups of pregnant women aged 13–19 years (17.33 %) and 20–24 years (12.12 %), p<0.0001, RR=5.107 with 95 % CI: 2.458–10.612. When assessing the overall prevalence of molecular-biological markers among patients, we did not detect HIV RNA, in one patient, HCV RNA was determined, which was 0.32 %, while the incidence of HBV DNA was 20 %. Among HBsAg-positive individuals, HBV DNA was detected in 86.11 %, which was 10.16 % of the total group. Among the HBsAg-negative individuals, HBV DNA was detected in 11.15 % (9.84 % of the total group). It should be noted that in nine cases, HBV DNA was detected without any serological markers, which amounted to 14.75 % (2.95 % of the total group). Assessment of the blood-borne infections prevalence in pregnant women is significant for the subsequent identification of pathogen transmission routes in order to control and/or prevent the spread of infection.
The Effects of an Integrated Supportive Programme on Xerostomia and Salivary Characteristics in Patients With Head and Neck Cancer Undergoing Radiotherapy: a Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Jiang Nan , Zhao Yue , Stensson Malin , Mårtensson Jan
Published: April 2021

Aim: This study evaluates the effect of an integrated supportive programme on xerostomia and saliva characteristics at a one-year follow-up of patients with head and neck cancer (HNC) undergoing radiotherapy (RT).Methods: Participants were randomly allocated to an intervention group (n=47) or a control group (n=45). The intervention group received usual care and an integrated supportive programme, which included three steps: face-to-face education; face-to-face coaching at one-month post RT; and four telephone coaching sessions at 2-, 3-, 6-, and 9-months post RT. The face-to-face education consisted of oral hygiene instruction, oral self-care strategies, facial and tongue muscle exercises, and salivary gland massage. Adherence to the intervention was evaluated using a questionnaire completed during the nine-month follow-up. The control group received usual care. The unstimulated saliva flow rate, saliva pH, buffering capacity, and xerostomia were assessed in both groups.Results: A total of 79 participants (40 in the intervention group and 39 in the control group) completed the 12-month follow-up. There were statistically significant differences between the groups in level of xerostomia at the 3- and 12-month follow-up (P=0.027 and P<0.001, respectively) and in the mean value of unstimulated saliva flow rate at the 12-month follow-up (P=0.035), with better outcome in the intervention group. The adherence of the intervention was good but decreased slightly during the follow-up. Conclusion: This integrated supportive programme with good adherence relieved xerostomia and had a positive effect on unstimulated saliva flow rate among patients with HNC during the 12-month follow-up.
The role of PDL-cementum enthesis in protecting PDL under masticatory loading: A finite element investigation
Authors: Jokar Hossein , Rouhi Gholamreza , Abolfathi Nabiollah
Published: April 2021

PURPOSE. Function of periodontal ligament-cementum enthesis (PCE) in transferring mechanical stimuli within tooth-periodontium (PDT)-bone complex was not made clear yet. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of PCE on the mechanical stimuli distribution within the PDL and alveolar bone in the tooth-PDT-bone complex under occlusal forces using finite element method (FEM). METHODS. A computed tomography (CT) based model of alveolar bone and 2nd premolar of mandible was constructed, in which the PDT was considered at the interface of alveolar bone and tooth. Under a 3MPa distributed occluso-apical masticatory load, applied over the uppermost surface of crown, the von Mises strain (vMST) and strain energy density (SED) within PDL, and von Mises stress (vMSR) and SED within alveolar bone were calculated in two situations: 1. When the PCE was absent; and 2. When the PCE was present between the PDL and cementum. RESULTS. PCE levels-off the SED and vMST within PDL by maximum values of 92 kPa and 0.04 mm/mm, respectively, compared to the model without PCE. Moreover, it increased the alveolar bone SEDs and vMSR by maximum values of 0.36 kPa and 0.63 MPa, respectively, compared to the without PCE model.CONCLUSION. By including PCE in the tooth-PDT-bone model, the mechanical stimuli shift from PDL to its surrounding alveolar bone. Thus, it can be speculated that the tooth-PDT-bone complex has the capability of, through shifting excess mechanical stimuli from PDL toward the alveolar bone, reducing the risk of PDL damage.
A Single Hidden Layer Artificial Neural Network Model that Employs Algebraic Neurons: Algebraic Learning Machine
Authors: Ertuğrul Ömer Faruk
Published: April 2021

Artificial neural networks (ANN) have been employed successfully because of their high modeling capability. Many versions of the ANN have been proposed to increase the modeling ability. Since ANN based on the biological neural network system, the only mathematical operation is summation or subtraction (while the coefficients are negative). This research was done to investigate the application of other mathematical operations, which are multiplication, division, logarithm, and exponential, in nodes. Based on this fact, a novel a single hidden layer feed-forward artificial neural network (SLFN) model, which was called was algebraic learning machine (ALM), was proposed. The proposed ALM was evaluated and validated with 60 different benchmark datasets. Obtained results were compared with results obtained by each of the extreme learning machine (ELM), randomized artificial neural network, and random vector functional link, and back-propagation trained SLFN methods. Achieved results show that the proposed method is successful enough to be employed in classification and regression.
A Parametric Simulation Model for HVOF Coating Thickness Control
Authors: Ren Jiangzhuo , Ahmad Rafiq , Zhang Guofeng , Rong Yiming , Ma Yongsheng
Published: April 2021

High velocity oxygen-fuel (HVOF) thermal spraying is a coating process involving multidisciplinary aspects, e.g., the fuel-oxidant combustion, flame-particle jet, particle deposition, mass and heat transfer, and even robotic kinematics. Like most coating processes, in HVOF processes, coating thickness is a significant property determining the coating performance, hence this property should be accurately controlled during the process. In view of green, smart, and digital manufacturing, the coating thickness prediction model is demanded for producing high-quality coatings efficiently. This paper presents an approach to parametrically simulate the coating thickness in HVOF processes via an integrated numerical model. Firstly, an axisymmetric computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model is constructed to compute the behaviors of the fuel-oxidant combustion, flame-particle jet, and particle deposition distribution. Secondly, based on the particle distribution in a 2D axisymmetric model, a 3D single coating thickness profile model is developed by constructing a circular pattern using the axis of the nozzle. Further, this profile is smoothened by a Gaussian model and its mathematical expression is obtained. Finally, a numerical model couples spray paths with the mathematical expression to model the coating thickness distribution on a substrate surface under industrial scenarios. At the end of this paper, the coating results of four sets of operating parameters were experimentally obtained and compared with the predicted simulation results to verify the proposed model’s effectiveness.
A computational probe into the behavioral and neural markers of atypical facial emotion processing in autism.
Authors: Kar Kohitij
Published: April 2021

Despite ample behavioral evidence of atypical facial emotion processing in individuals with autism (IwA), the neural underpinnings of such behavioral heterogeneities remain unclear. Here, I have used brain-tissue mapped artificial neural network (ANN) models of primate vision to probe candidate neural and behavior markers of atypical facial emotion recognition in IwA at an image-by-image level. Interestingly, the ANNs' image-level behavioral patterns better matched the neurotypical subjects' behavior than those measured in IwA. This behavioral mismatch was most remarkable when the ANN behavior was decoded from units that correspond to the primate inferior temporal (IT) cortex. ANN-IT responses also explained a significant fraction of the image-level behavioral predictivity associated with neural activity in the human amygdala — strongly suggesting that the previously reported facial emotion intensity encodes in the human amygdala could be primarily driven by projections from the IT cortex. Furthermore, in silico experiments revealed how learning under noisy sensory representations could lead to atypical facial emotion processing that better matches the image-level behavior observed in IwA. In sum, these results identify primate IT activity as a candidate neural marker and demonstrate how ANN models of vision can be used to generate neural circuit-level hypotheses and guide future human and non-human primate studies in autism.
Si-doped Al2o3 Nanosheet Supported Pd for Catalytic Combustion of Propane: Effects of Si Doping on Morphology, Thermal Stability and Water-resistance
Authors: Jiang Mingxiang , Wu Qingqing , Yan Jiaorong , Pan Jun , Dai Qiguang , Zhan Wangcheng
Published: April 2021

Catalytic combustion of propane as typical light alkanes was important for the purification of industrial VOCs and automobile hydrocarbon emissions. Si-doped Al2O3 nanosheet was synthesized by a hydrothermal method, and effects of Si content on the morphology and thermal stability of Al2O3 were investigated. The doping of SiO2 could tune the thickness of Al2O3 nanosheets and significantly improve its thermal stability, the θ phase was still maintained and the specific surface area was as high as 56.3 m2∙g-1 after calcination at 1200 ℃. And then the Si-doped Al2O3 nanosheets were used as support of Pd catalysts (Pd/Si-Al2O3 nanosheets) for catalytic combustion of propane, especially Pd/3.6Si-Al2O3 nanosheets, which presented high activity, stability and resistance to sintering and H2O due to the promotion of Si on the thermal stability of Al2O3 and the stabilization (dispersion, isolation and strong interaction) of PdOx species.