bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Association between lifetime depression history, hippocampal volume and memory in non‐amnestic mild cognitive impairment
Authors: Leung Isabella Hoi Kei , Broadhouse Kathryn Mary , Mowszowski Loren , LaMonica Haley M. , Palmer Jake Robert , Hickie Ian B. , Naismith Sharon L. , Duffy Shantel Leigh
Published: March 2021

Hippocampal subfield volume loss in older adults with amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) and depression history are associated with amyloid beta and tau pathology, thereby increasing the risk for Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, no studies have exclusively examined distinct alterations in hippocampal subfields in non‐amnestic MCI (naMCI) in relation to depression history. Here, we used both longitudinal and transverse hippocampal segmentation methods using the automated FreeSurfer software to examine whether a lifetime depression history is associated with differences in hippocampal head/body/tail (H/B/T) and key subfield volumes (CA1, subiculum, dentate gyrus) in older adults with naMCI. Further, we explored whether differences in hippocampal H/B/T and subfield volumes were associated with structured and unstructured verbal encoding and retention, comparing those with and without a depression history. The naMCI with a depression history group demonstrated larger or relatively preserved right CA1 volumes, which were associated with better unstructured verbal encoding and as well as structured verbal memory retention. This association between memory encoding and hippocampal CA1 and total head volume was significantly different to those with no depression history. The relationship between right CA1 volume and memory retention was also moderated by depression history status F (5,143) = 7.84, p < 0.001, R2 = 0.22. Those participants taking antidepressants had significantly larger hippocampal subiculum (p = 0.008), and right hippocampal body (p = 0.004) and better performance on structured encoding (p = 0.011) and unstructured memory retention (p = 0.009). These findings highlight the importance of lifetime depression history and antidepressant use on the hippocampus and encoding and memory retention in naMCI.
Musicogenic epilepsy: Expanding the spectrum of glutamic acid decarboxylase 65 neurological autoimmunity
Authors: Smith Kelsey M. , Zalewski Nicholas L. , Budhram Adrian , Britton Jeffrey W. , So Elson , Cascino Gregory D. , Ritaccio Anthony L. , McKeon Andrew , Pittock Sean J. , Dubey Divyanshu
Published: March 2021

The objective of this study was to describe serological association of musicogenic epilepsy and to evaluate clinical features and outcomes of seropositive cases. Through retrospective chart review, musicogenic epilepsy patients were identified. Among 16 musicogenic epilepsy patients, nine underwent autoantibody evaluations and all had high‐titer glutamic acid decarboxylase 65–immunoglobulin G (GAD65‐IgG; >20 nmol·L–1, serum, normal ≤ .02 nmol·L–1, eight women). Median GAD65‐IgG serum titer was 294 nmol·L–1 (20.3–3005 nmol·L–1), and median cerebrospinal fluid titer (n = 4) was 14.7 nmol·L–1. All patients had temporal lobe epilepsy, and bitemporal epileptiform abnormalities were common. Right temporal lobe seizures were most frequently captured when seizures were induced by music on electroencephalogram (3/4; 75%). Intravenous (IV) methylprednisolone and/or IV Ig (IVIG) was utilized in four patients, with one having greater than 50% reduction. Rituximab (n = 2) and mycophenolate (n = 1) were ineffective. Two patients underwent right temporal lobe resections but continued to have seizures. Vagus nerve stimulation was effective at reducing seizures in one patient by 50%, and an additional patient was seizure‐free by avoiding provoking music. Right temporal lobe epilepsy was more common among patients with musicogenic epilepsy when compared to nonmusicogenic GAD65 epilepsies (n = 71, 89% vs. 47%, p = .03). GAD65‐IgG should be tested in patients with musicogenic epilepsy, given implications for management and screening for comorbid autoimmune conditions.
Manacled short sellers and return premium: New evidence
Authors: Li Xiao‐Ming
Published: March 2021

Investigating the short‐selling regulation of the Hong Kong market, we document that shortable stocks, on average, earn significantly higher returns than non‐shortable stocks. However, loadings of stocks/portfolios on the shortable minus non‐shortable misvaluation factor SMN predict a significant negative return premium in the cross‐section of returns. We measure SMN by applying both value‐ and return‐weighted methods with various time lags. We propose a behavioural model to rationalize our results. The model shows that, if investors are overconfident regarding short‐selling regulatory factor signals, it is possible to detect a positive average/abnormal return but a negative future return premium on SMN.
Venous air embolism during stifle arthroscopy in a horse
Authors: Kantyka M. E. , Kuemmerle J. , Becsek A. , Ringer S. K.
Published: March 2021

This case report describes venous air embolism as a complication of stifle joint arthroscopy in a 16‐year‐old French Saddle Pony. Carbon dioxide was used to achieve joint distension during the procedure and accidentally entered the vasculature, causing the embolism. The diagnosis was based on a sudden onset of laboured breathing, tachycardia and dropping end‐tidal carbon dioxide (PE'CO2) and was confirmed by arterial blood gas analysis showing hypercapnia and large PE'CO2—arterial partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PaCO2) difference. This complication was treated by increasing the fraction of inspired oxygen (FIO2) and immediate ceasing of further gas insufflation. The horse suffered no further complications. To our knowledge, this is the first publication reporting this complication during arthroscopy in a horse. Awareness of this complication should be raised between veterinarians performing arthroscopies when using gas as the distending agent. A high index of suspicion and early recognition of the embolism can improve chances for full and unremarkable recoveries.
Single‐cell transcriptome profiling reveals molecular heterogeneity in human umbilical cord tissue and culture‐expanded mesenchymal stem cells
Authors: Wang Quanlei , Li Jinlu , Wang Shengpeng , Deng Qiuting , Wang Kuixing , Dai Xi , An Yanru , Dong Guoyi , Ke Weilin , Chen Fang , Liu Longqi , Yang Huanming , Du Yutao , Zhao Weihua , Shang Zhouchun
Published: March 2021

Human umbilical cord‐derived mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (UMSCs) demonstrate great therapeutic potential in regenerative medicine. The use of UMSCs for clinical applications requires high quantity and good quality of cells usually by in vitro expansion. However, the heterogeneity and the characteristics of cultured UMSCs and the cognate human umbilical cord tissue at single‐cell resolution remain poorly defined. In this study, we created a single‐cell transcriptome profile of human umbilical cord tissue and the cognate culture‐expanded UMSCs. Based on the inferred characteristics of cell clusters and trajectory analysis, we identified three subgroups in culture‐expanded UMSCs and putative novel transcription factors (TFs) in regulating UMSC state transition. Further, putative ligand–receptor interaction analysis demonstrated that cellular interactions most frequently occurred in epithelial‐like cells with other cell groups in umbilical cord tissue. Moreover, we dissected the transcriptomic differences of in vitro and in vivo subgroups and inferred the telomere‐related molecules and pathways that might be activated in UMSCs for cell expansion in vitro. Our study provides a comprehensive and integrative study of the transcriptomics of human umbilical cord tissue and their cognate‐cultured counterparts, which paves the way for a deeper understanding of cellular heterogeneity and offers fundamental biological insight of UMSCs‐based cell therapy.
Designing countrywide and regional microclimate networks
Authors: Lembrechts Jonas J. , Lenoir Jonathan , R. Scheffers Brett , De Frenne Pieter
Published: March 2021

Issue

Climate change, and its impacts on ecological, agricultural and other societal systems, is most often studied by relying on temperature data derived from countrywide weather‐station networks. Yet, these data do not capture microclimates, those arising from soil, vegetation and topography, at spatial scales relevant to the majority of organisms on Earth. We argue that a unified strategy is missing to design regional or countrywide networks to measure microclimates and thus provide ecologically relevant and sound climate data, for instance for modelling biodiversity and ecosystem functions.

Evidence

Here, we develop an integrative framework to design effective microclimate networks for potential implementation at the country level. With the dawn of novel low‐cost sensor technologies and modelling techniques it is time for designing standardized microclimate networks. We make an important step forward in that regard by providing hands‐on training to generate an optimal sensor distribution to capture as much microclimate diversity as possible at the regional or country scale.

Conclusions

By implementing our framework to design countrywide or regional microclimate networks, strategically positioned to capture a representative picture of microclimates available within the focal country or region, governments could lay the foundation for the development of a next generation of modelling and synthesis of landscapes, to serve a range of societal needs now and into the future as climate change accelerates.
An overview of traditional Chinese medicine therapy for Helicobacter pylori–related gastritis
Authors: Li Yuli , Li Xiaoya , Tan Zhoujin
Published: March 2021

Background

Helicobacter pylori–associated gastritis (HPAG) is a common digestive system disease that its therapeutic goal is to eradicate Helicobacter pylori. However, due to the widespread use of antibiotics, problems for example, antibiotic resistance, reinfection, and gastrointestinal side effects have emerged. The solution of above problems provides a broad space for traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) to exert its remarkable advantages on the treatment of HPAG.

Methods

Extensive database retrieval using platforms not limited to but including Web of Science, SpringerLink, ScienceDirect, Google Scholar, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang, and VIP database was performed using keywords such as “Helicobacter pylori‐associated gastritis” or “HPAG” or “Helicobacter pylori” or “H. pylori” or “gastritis” and “traditional Chinese medicine” or “TCM” or “herbs” or “Chinese herbal medicine”. In addition, related books, PhD, and master's dissertations were also researched to provide a comprehensive review.

Results

This review mainly introduces the clinical efficacy of TCM formulas for HPAG, as well as active ingredient and pharmacological mechanisms of herbs. What's more, this review puts forward potential prospects for future research.

Conclusion

These research works have shown the therapeutic benefits of TCM in the treatment of HPAG. The development of TCM with more specific functions and practical data will not only become a significant trend in the world market but also have an irreplaceable role in the future treatment of HPAG. More continued researches should be undertaken in the future.
Evaluation of grade in a genotyped cohort of sporadic medullary thyroid carcinomas
Authors: Najdawi Fedaa , Ahmadi Sara , Capelletti Marzia , Dong Fei , Chau Nicole G , Barletta Justine A
Published: March 2021

Aims

Tumour grade and RET mutation status, especially the presence of high‐risk exon 15 and 16 RET mutations, have been reported to be prognostic in patients with sporadic medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC). The aims of our study were to evaluate the performance of two recently proposed grading systems and to assess the association between grade and genotype in a cohort of sporadic MTCs.

Methods and results

We identified 44 sporadic MTCs. All available tumour slides were examined, and cases were assigned a grade on the basis of either mitotic count and tumour necrosis, or mitotic count, tumour necrosis, and Ki‐67 proliferative index, as described in two recent studies. Additional clinicopathological features and outcome information were obtained from the pathology reports and electronic medical records. The presence of RET and RAS mutations was determined either with direct sequencing or with massively parallel sequencing. Both grading systems were prognostic for progression‐free survival and disease‐specific survival on univariate analysis. There was no correlation between grade and mutation status. Specifically, neither RET nor high‐risk RET mutations were enriched in high‐grade tumours, as assessed by either grading scheme.

Conclusion

Our findings suggest that grade is not correlated with RET/RAS mutation status, indicating that grade and genotype may give independent prognostic information.
The glycobiology of uropathogenic E. coli infection: the sweet and bitter role of sugars in urinary tract immunity
Authors: Lupo Federico , Ingersoll Molly A. , Pineda Miguel A.
Published: March 2021

Urinary tract infections (UTI) are among the most prevalent infectious diseases and the most common cause of nosocomial infections, worldwide. Uropathogenic E. coli (UPEC) are responsible for approximately 80% of all UTI, which most commonly affect the bladder. UPEC colonize the urinary tract by ascension of the urethra, followed by cell invasion, and proliferation inside and outside urothelial cells, thereby causing symptomatic infections and quiescent intracellular reservoirs that may lead to recurrence. Sugars, or glycans, are key molecules for host–pathogen interactions, and UTI are no exception. Surface glycans regulate many of the events associated with UPEC adhesion and infection, as well as induction of the host immune response. While the bacterial protein FimH binds mannose‐containing host glycoproteins to initiate infection and UPEC‐secreted polysaccharides block immune mechanisms to favour intracellular replication, host glycans on the urothelial surface and on secreted glycoproteins prevent or limit infection by inhibiting UPEC adhesion. Given the importance of glycans during UTI, here we review the glycobiology of UPEC infection to highlight fundamental sugar‐mediated processes of immunological interest for their potential clinical applications. Interdisciplinary approaches incorporating glycomics and infection biology may help to develop novel non‐antibiotic‐based therapeutic strategies for bacterial infections as the spread of antimicrobial‐resistant uropathogens is currently threatening modern healthcare systems.
Nurses' burnout and associated risk factors during the COVID‐19 pandemic: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Galanis Petros , Vraka Irene , Fragkou Despoina , Bilali Angeliki , Kaitelidou Daphne
Published: March 2021

Aims

To examine the nurses' burnout and associated risk factors during the COVID‐19 pandemic.

Design

We followed the Cochrane criteria and the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analysis guidelines for this systematic review and meta‐analysis.

Data Sources

PubMed, Scopus, ProQuest, Cochrane COVID‐19 registry, CINAHL and pre‐print services (medRχiv and PsyArXiv) were searched from January 1 to November 15, 2020 and we removed duplicates.

Review Methods

We applied a random effect model to estimate pooled effects since the heterogeneity between results was very high.

Results

Sixteen studies, including 18,935 nurses met the inclusion criteria. The overall prevalence of emotional exhaustion was 34.1%, of depersonalization was 12.6% and of lack of personal accomplishment was 15.2%. The main risk factors that increased nurses' burnout were the following: younger age, decreased social support, low family and colleagues readiness to cope with COVID‐19 outbreak, increased perceived threat of Covid‐19, longer working time in quarantine areas, working in a high‐risk environment, working in hospitals with inadequate and insufficient material and human resources, increased workload and lower level of specialized training regarding COVID‐19.

Conclusion

Nurses experience high levels of burnout during the COVID‐19 pandemic, while several sociodemographic, social and occupational factors affect this burnout.

Impact

We found that burnout among nurses is a crucial issue during the COVID‐19 pandemic. There is an urgent need to prepare nurses to cope better with COVID‐19 pandemic. Identification of risk factors for burnout could be a significant weapon giving nurses and health care systems the ability to response in a better way against the following COVID‐19 waves in the near future.
MBD2 mediates renal cell apoptosis via activation of Tox4 during rhabdomyolysis‐induced acute kidney injury
Authors: Sun Tianshi , Liu Qing , Wang Yifan , Deng Youwen , Zhang Dongshan
Published: March 2021

Our study investigated the role of Methyl‐CpG–binding domain protein 2 (MBD2) in RM‐induced acute kidney injury (AKI) both in vitro and in vivo. MBD2 was induced by myoglobin in BUMPT cells and by glycerol in mice. MBD2 inhibition via MBD2 small interfering RNA and MBD2‐knockout (KO) attenuated RM‐induced AKI and renal cell apoptosis. The expression of TOX high mobility group box family member 4 (Tox4) induced by myoglobin was markedly reduced in MBD2‐KO mice. Chromatin immunoprecipitation analysis indicated that MBD2 directly bound to CpG islands in the Tox4 promoter region, thus preventing promoter methylation. Furthermore, siRNA inhibition of Tox4 attenuated myoglobin‐induced apoptosis in BUMPT cells. Finally, MBD2‐KO mice exhibited glycerol‐induced renal cell apoptosis by inactivation of Tox4. Altogether, our results suggested that MBD2 plays a role in RM‐induced AKI via the activation of Tox4 and represents a potential target for treatment of RM‐associated AKI.
Economic evaluations in the treatment and evaluation of patients with periodontal disease: A critical review
Authors: Tay John Rong Hao , Ng Ethan , Nair Rahul , Tan Zhe Sheng , Tan Sharon Hui Xuan
Published: March 2021

Aim

To evaluate the types and quality of reporting of economic evaluations carried out in the clinical management of periodontal disease over 32 years from 1987 to 2019.

Material and methods

A systematic search of articles from 1987 to 2019 was conducted using PubMed, Web of Science, The Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Health Technology Assessment Database and Embase. The quality of the economic evaluations was assessed based on the Consolidated Health Economic Evaluation Reporting Standard checklist. Due to considerable between‐study heterogeneity, a meta‐analysis was not performed.

Results

Twenty one publications were included. 11 studies used cost‐effectiveness analysis, five used cost‐minimization analysis, four used cost–utility analysis and two used cost–benefit analysis. Comparators, choice of health outcomes, estimating resources and costs were fully reported in all studies. Many studies had inadequate reporting in terms of estimating resources and costs, choice of health outcomes, characterizing heterogeneity and study perspective.

Conclusions

There has been an increase in health economics studies in the field of clinical periodontology over the past decade. Several studies did not report study perspective, and the health outcomes chosen were not relevant for some studies. Future studies should follow an economic evaluation checklist for high‐quality reporting and consistency.
Photoprotection according to skin phototype and dermatoses: practical recommendations from an expert panel
Authors: Passeron T. , Lim H.W. , Goh C.‐L. , Kang H.Y. , Ly F. , Morita A. , Ocampo Candiani J. , Puig S. , Schalka S. , Wei L. , Dréno B. , Krutmann J.
Published: March 2021

Increasing evidence on the impact of the different wavelengths of sunlight on the skin demonstrates the need for tailored recommendations of sunscreen according to skin phototype and dermatoses, which is now possible due to advances in the filters and formulations of sunscreens. A selective literature search was performed by an international expert panel, focusing on the type of sunscreen to recommend for photoaging, skin cancers, photodermatoses, pigmentary disorders and skin inflammatory disorders. Protection against ultraviolet (UV)B is especially important for light skin as there is a high risk of sunburn, DNA damage and skin cancers. Darker skin may be naturally better protected against UVB but is more prone to hyperpigmentation induced by visible light (VL) and UVA. Protection against UVA, VL and infrared A can be helpful for all skin phototypes as they penetrate deeply and cause photoaging. Long‐wave UVA1 plays a critical role in pigmentation, photoaging, skin cancer, DNA damage and photodermatoses. Adapting the formulation and texture of the sunscreen to the type of skin and dermatoses is also essential. Practical recommendations on the type of sunscreen to prescribe are provided to support the clinician in daily practice.
First detection of Herpesvirus anguillae (AngHV‐1) associated with mortalities in farmed giant mottled eel (Anguilla marmorata) in Vietnam
Authors: Panicz Remigiusz , Eljasik Piotr , Nguyen Tuan Thuc , Vo Thi Kim Thinh , Hoang Duat Van
Published: March 2021

Giant mottled eel (Anguilla marmorata) farming in Vietnam is a multistage process starting from wild harvest of glass eels through the so‐called “hatcheries” and distribution centres from which individuals are transferred to rearing farms and subsequently sold by one eel farm to another every 3–5 months. The information on viral agents spread and persistence in the Vietnamese eel aquaculture is scarce. Therefore, the mortality of A. marmorata at the Van Xuan Farm was the prerequisite to identify the possible aetiologic agent and additionally to formulate first recommendations for viral disease screening in the Vietnamese eel aquaculture. Juvenile giant mottled eels with haemorrhagic lesions in the skin and liver, and hyperaemia of the gut were tested with qPCR and end‐point PCR for AngHV‐1 presence. Here, we report the first detection of AngHV‐1 associated with mortality in giant mottled eel in winter and spring seasons. On the basis of the obtained results, we recommend to test eel seeds in “hatcheries,” since tropical eel farms operate in interconnected scheme and monitoring of AngHV‐1 prevalence requires well‐implemented measures. Disease screening in the rearing centres and on‐growing facilities should be based on everyday health checks, including by‐catch fish used as a base of the feeding programmes at eel farms in Vietnam.
Impact of hydraulic model resolution and loss of life model modification on flood fatality risk estimation: Case study of the Bommelerwaard, The Netherlands
Authors: Brussee Anneroos R. , Bricker Jeremy D. , De Bruijn Karin M. , Verhoeven Govert F. , Winsemius Hessel C. , Jonkman Sebastiaan N.
Published: March 2021

Flood simulations are important for flood (fatality) risk assessment. This article provides insight into the sensitivity of flood fatality risks to the model resolution of flood simulations and to several uncertain parameters in the loss of life model used. A case study is conducted for river flooding in a polder in the Netherlands (the Bommelerwaard) where the Dutch approach for loss of life estimation is applied. Flood models with resolutions of 100, 25, and 5 m are considered. Results show locally increased mortality rates in higher resolution simulations nearby structures including road embankments, dikes, and culverts. This causes a larger maximum individual risk value (annual probability of death for a person due to flooding) which has consequences for safety standards based on the individual risk criterion. Mortality rate in the breach zone is also affected by representations of buildings as solid objects versus as roughness elements. Furthermore, changes in the loss of life estimation approach via alternative ways of including people's behaviour, building characteristics, and age of the population, have a significant impact on flood fatality risk. Results from this study can be used to support future risk assessments and decision making with respect to safety standards.
Protein farnesylation negatively regulates brassinosteroid signaling via reducing BES1 stability in Arabidopsis thaliana
Authors: Feng Zengxiu , Shi Hongyong , Lv Minghui , Ma Yuang , Li Jia
Published: March 2021

Brassinosteroids (BRs) are a group of steroidal phytohormones, playing critical roles in almost all physiological aspects during the life span of a plant. In Arabidopsis, BRs are perceived at the cell surface, triggering a reversible phosphorylation‐based signaling cascade that leads to the activation and nuclear accumulation of a family of transcription factors, represented by BES1 and BZR1. Protein farnesylation is a type of post‐translational modification, functioning in many important cellular processes. Previous studies demonstrated a role of farnesylation in BR biosynthesis via regulating the endoplasmic reticulum localization of a key bassinolide (BL) biosynthetic enzyme BR6ox2. Whether such a process is also involved in BR signaling is not understood. Here, we demonstrate that protein farnesylation is involved in mediating BR signaling in Arabidopsis. A loss‐of‐function mutant of ENHANCED RESPONSE TO ABA 1 (ERA1), encoding a β subunit of the protein farnesyl transferase holoenzyme, can alter the BL sensitivity of bak1‐4 from a reduced to a hypersensitive level. era1 can partially rescue the BR defective phenotype of a heterozygous mutant of bin2‐1, a gain‐of‐function mutant of BIN2 which encodes a negative regulator in the BR signaling. Our genetic and biochemical analyses revealed that ERA1 plays a significant role in regulating the protein stability of BES1.
Efficacy of platelet‐poor plasma gel in combination with fractional CO2 laser in striae distensae: A clinical, histological, and immunohistochemical study
Authors: Gad Samar El‐Sayed , Neinaa Yomna Mazid El‐Hamd , Rizk Omnia Kamel , Ghaly Nahla El‐Sayed Ramzy
Published: March 2021

Background

Platelet‐poor plasma gel is a semi‐solid plasma formulation that recently recommended as autologous bio‐filler for treatment of atrophic dermal scars.

Aim

To compare the therapeutic efficacy and safety of intradermal injection of plasma gel in combination with fractional CO2 laser versus fractional CO2 laser alone in striae distensae (SD).

Patients and methods

This study included 36 SD patients treated by three sessions (one session/1.5 months) of fractional CO2 laser on all SD lesions following intradermal injection of plasma gel on one side and saline (as placebo) on the other side.

Results

Significant clinical improvements associated with remarkable narrowing of SD lesions and prominent enhancement of skin texture were observed on both treatment sides. Obviously, higher degrees of clinical improvements of SD lesions were reported following combined therapy with fractional CO2 laser and plasma gel rather than fractional CO2 laser monotherapy. However, post‐inflammatory hyperpigmentation (PIH) was reported more frequently with fractional CO2 laser monotherapy. Histopathological and immunohistochemical examinations revealed significant epidermal improvement, and homogenization, and orientation of dermal collagen bundles as a result of both therapeutic procedures.

Conclusion

Plasma gel in combination with fractional CO2 laser could be considered a promising novel treatment modality for SD. Plasma gel not only improves the efficacy of fractional CO2 laser but also decreases the frequency of PIH.
A comparative analysis of the substance use and mental health characteristics of nurses who complete suicide
Authors: Choflet Amanda , Davidson Judy , Lee Kelly C. , Ye Gordon , Barnes Arianna , Zisook Sidney
Published: March 2021

Aims and objectives

To describe the substance use and mental health characteristics of nurses who complete suicide compared to non‐nurses.

Background

Nurses are at higher risk of suicide than the general population. The relationship between substance use, mental health and suicide in a large sample of nurses in the USA has not been previously described.

Design

Retrospective observational quantitative analysis.

Methods

Suicide data were retrospectively analysed in the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention National Violent Death Reporting System from 2003 to 2017. Data were compared between nurses who died by suicide (n = 2,306) and non‐nurses who died by suicide (n = 185,620) using odds ratios calculations and chi‐square test of proportions to detect independent risk factors of suicide completion in nurses. This study followed the STROBE guidelines.

Results

Significant differences between nurses and non‐nurses were found. Among decedents for whom substances were implicated as a cause of death, nurses were far more likely to be positive at the time of death for almost all substance classifications. Both male and female nurses were more likely than non‐nurses to have a mental health problem reported. Among both female and male nurses, job problems were more prevalent compared to non‐nurses (12.8% and 19.9% versus 7.2% and 11.9%, respectively). Female nurses were more likely to have a physical health problem compared to female non‐nurses, male nurses and male non‐nurses (26.2% versus 21.3%, 22% and 20.4%).

Conclusion

Unique relationships between substance use and mental health exist among nurses who complete suicide which may offer specific opportunities for interventions to reduce suicide.

Relevance to Clinical Practice

Efforts to address workplace stress, facilitate self‐referral for risky substance use, encourage mental health treatment and reduce the stigma associated with seeking help all offer potential interventions to reduce nurse suicide.
Serum kisspeptin levels in polycystic ovary syndrome: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Liu Jing , Qu Ting , Li Zhiyi , Yu Linlin , Zhang Sujuan , Yuan Dongzhi , Wu Haiyan
Published: March 2021

Aim

To clarify the association of serum kisspeptin levels in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) by meta‐analysis.

Methods

Two English databases and two Chinese databases were searched for the relationship between kisspeptin and PCOS published from 2009. After the studies screening according to specific principles, we used STATA 12.0 for meta‐analysis. Standardized mean difference (SMD) and its 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were used as the effect size and STATA 12.0 software was performed by this meta‐analysis.

Results

Nine articles were included in the end, with a total of 1282 participants (699 patients and 583 controls). Heterogeneity between studies was statistically significant. Therefore, the random effects model was used to combine the effects. Meta‐analysis showed statistically significant differences in serum kisspeptin levels between the PCOS patients and controls (SMD = 0.57, 95% CI [0.32, 0.82]), which indicated that there is a strong association between serum kisspeptin levels and PCOS. The source of high heterogeneity between the inclusion studies (I2 = 73.2%) might be due to the small sample size. The larger variation of kisspeptin concentration might be caused by different diagnosis criteria of PCOS and short half‐time period of kisspeptin combined with nonstandard testing process.

Conclusion

Serum kisspeptin levels in PCOS patients were higher than non‐PCOS patients. It is a hint to indicate us that kisspeptin might be an independent biomarker of PCOS patients.
Effect of different antiviral regimens on the viral loads in pregnant women with hepatitis B virus infection and their impact on mother‐to‐child transmission
Authors: Xu Bei , Liu Lili , Chen Xuri
Published: March 2021

Aim

This study aimed to explore the benefits of different antiviral regimens in pregnant women with hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection in an attempt to provide scientific reference for clinically relevant interventions.

Methods

The study cohort comprised 64 pregnant women with HBV infection who presented to our hospital from May 2018 to July 2020. The women were grouped according to the treatment administered: a control group consisting of 32 pregnant women who received routine intervention and an observation group consisting of 32 pregnant women who received routine intervention plus tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) tablets. The two groups were compared in terms of liver function; HBV load (HBV DNA); neonatal characteristics (hepatitis B surface antigen and HBV DNA positivity); levels of interleukin (IL)‐2, IL‐4, and IL‐6; neonatal growth and development; Apgar scores; incidence of adverse events; and incidence of maternal adverse effects during treatment.

Results

The observation group had lower levels of alanine aminotransferase, glutamic acid aminotransferase, IL‐4, IL‐6, and HBV DNA and higher levels of IL‐2 than the control group after 1 month of treatment (p < 0.05). There was no significant difference in the incidence of adverse events between the two groups (p > 0.05).

Conclusion

The administration of TDF tablets significantly reduced the HBV DNA levels and did not increase the physiological burden or adverse effects in pregnant women with HBV infection.
Comparison between the effects of feeding copper sulphate‐treated and untreated rapeseed cake containing high glucosinolates on rumen fermentation, nutrient digestion and nitrogen metabolism in steers
Authors: Zhao Yuchao , Gao Jian , Xie Biao , Zhao Guangyong
Published: March 2021

Two trials were carried out to study the effects of copper sulphate (CuSO4) on detoxifying glucosinolates (GLS) in rapeseed cake (RSC) and compare the effects of feeding CuSO4‐treated and untreated RSC on nutrient digestion and nitrogen (N) metabolism in steers. In Trial 1, different concentrations of CuSO4 solution (1.6 vs. 3.2 g CuSO4·5H2O L−1), soaking temperatures (25 vs. 60°C) and drying methods (air drying at 60°C vs. freeze drying) were allocated in a 2 × 2 × 2 factorial arrangement in vitro. In Trial 2, six steers and dietary inclusions of untreated RSC (control), CuSO4‐treated RSC and CuSO4‐added RSC were assigned in a replicated 3 × 3 Latin square design. CuSO4 treatment in vitro decreased the contents of GLS and thiocyanate (TC) in RSC (p < 0.001). The total amount of GLS and TC decreased by 62.7–68.5% for all treatments. The animal trial showed that CuSO4‐treated RSC inclusion decreased ruminal concentration of valerate (p < 0.01), whereas it did not affect ruminal pH, ammonia N and total volatile fatty acids. Compared with the control, feeding CuSO4‐treated or CuSO4‐added RSC had no effect on plasma concentrations of triiodothyronine and thyroxine, N excretion and N retention. CuSO4‐treated RSC tended to increase neutral detergent fibre digestibility (p = 0.072) and urinary excretion of urea (p = 0.056). Urinary excretion of purine derivatives (p = 0.076) and rumen microbial N supply (p = 0.084) tended to decrease when feeding CuSO4‐treated RSC versus control. TC was found to be the only metabolite of GLS in rumen fluid, plasma and urine. It was feasible to detoxify GLS in RSC using low CuSO4 at room temperature. However, feeding CuSO4‐treated or CuSO4‐added RSC had minor effects on rumen fermentation, nutrient digestion and N metabolism in steers. CuSO4 treatment on RSC for feeding steers seems to be unnecessary.
External validation of CAGE‐B and SAGE‐B scores for Asian chronic hepatitis B patients with well‐controlled viremia by antivirals
Authors: Ji Jung Hyun , Park Soo Young , Son Won Jeong , Shin Hye Jung , Lee Hyein , Lee Hye Won , Lee Jae Seung , Kim Seung Up , Park Jun Yong , Kim Do Young , Ahn Sang Hoon , Kim Beom Kyung
Published: March 2021

CAGE‐B and SAGE‐B scores, consisting of age and fibrotic burden as cirrhosis and/or liver stiffness, were recently proposed to predict hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) risk among Caucasian chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients undergoing long‐term antiviral therapy. We externally validated their predictive performances among an independent cohort from Asia, compared to other conventional prediction models. We consecutively recruited CHB patients with well‐controlled viremia (serum HBV DNA < 2000 IU/mL) receiving antiviral therapy. Patients with decompensated cirrhosis or HCC at baseline were excluded. Among 1763 patients, CAGE‐B score provided the highest Heagerty's integrated area under the curve (iAUC) (0.820), followed by SAGE‐B (0.804), mREACH‐B (0.800), CAMD (0.786), mPAGE‐B (0.748) and PAGE‐B (0.721) scores. CAGE‐B score showed a significantly better performance than SAGE‐B, CAMD, PAGE‐B and mPAGE‐B scores, but was similar to mREACH‐B. SAGE‐B score also showed significantly better performance than mPAGE‐B and PAGE‐B, but was similar to CAMD and mREACH‐B. According to CAGE‐B score 0–5, 6–10 and ≥11, the annual HCC incidences were 0.18, 1.34 and 6.03 per 100 person‐years, respectively (all p < 0.001 between each pair). Likewise, by SAGE‐B score 0–5, 6–10 and ≥11, those were 0.31, 1.49 and 8.96 per 100 person‐years, respectively (all p < 0.001 between each pair). Hence, CAGE‐B and SAGE‐B scores showed acceptable predictive performances for Asian CHB patients undergoing antiviral therapy, with the higher performance by CAGE‐B score. They show a trend towards better prognostic capability to predict HCC risk than previous models.
Efficacy of an accelerated double‐dose hepatitis B vaccine regimen in patients with cirrhosis
Authors: Rodríguez‐Tajes Sergio , Pocurull Anna , Lens Sabela , Mariño Zoe , Olivas Ignasi , Soy Guillem , Alonso Anna , Vilella Anna , Forns Xavier
Published: March 2021

The hepatitis B (HBV) vaccine is recommended in unvaccinated adults with cirrhosis, despite its low efficacy. We aimed to evaluate the response to a double‐dose/accelerated vaccine schedule in patients with cirrhosis admitted into a hepatology ward. All patients with cirrhosis admitted to the hepatology ward without exclusion criteria were offered the HBV HBVAXPRO 40mcg vaccine at months 0, 1 and 2. Non‐responders received a second cycle. We evaluated 468 patients and only 19% were seroprotected against HBV. In 196 patients without exclusion criteria for HBV vaccination, the per protocol response rate (anti‐HBs >10 U/ml) was 23% after a first cycle and 59% after a second cycle. The overall response per intention to treat was only 23%. We have not identified predictors of response. Only one patient had a mild adverse event. Most patients with cirrhosis admitted in the hepatology ward are unprotected against HBV. Although a second HBV vaccination cycle increases the response rate, the poor overall response reinforces the implementation of HBV vaccination before the development of cirrhosis.
Small Samples in Instructed Second Language Acquisition Research
Authors: LOEWEN SHAWN , HUI BRONSON
Published: March 2021

This commentary discusses the issue of small samples in instructed second language acquisition research. We discuss the current state of affairs, and consider the disadvantages of small samples. We also explore other considerations regarding sample size, such as research ethics and ecological validity. We present a range of recommendations for researchers to address the issue of small samples. Recommendations include (a) engaging in sample size planning, (b) opting for appropriate designs and analytical approaches, (c) reporting the constraints that sample size places on the interpretation of findings, and (d) cultivating a culture of collaboration and open science.
“Kneel, compañero:” Monsignor Quixote's Sacramental Adventure
Authors: Comerford Peter J.
Published: March 2021

Graham Greene's Monsignor Quixote illustrates an ecclesiology of friendship through the title character's relationship with Sancho. Quixote is depicted as a holy fool, who is able to bring his companero back to the faith by his open mutual mediation with him. Greene has not strayed from orthodoxy, but has developed his theology compared to his earlier novels
A systematic review of economic evaluations of web‐based or telephone‐delivered interventions for preventing overweight and obesity and/or improving obesity‐related behaviors
Authors: Brown Vicki , Tran Huong , Downing Katherine L. , Hesketh Kylie D. , Moodie Marj
Published: March 2021

Obesity prevention interventions with behavioral or lifestyle‐related components delivered via web‐based or telephone technologies have been reported as comparatively low cost as compared with other intervention delivery modes, yet to date, no synthesized evidence of cost‐effectiveness has been published. This study aimed to conduct a systematic review of economic evaluations of obesity prevention interventions with a telehealth or eHealth intervention component. A systematic search of six academic databases was conducted through October 2020. Studies were included if they reported full economic evaluations of interventions aimed at preventing overweight or obesity, or interventions aimed at improving obesity‐related behaviors, with at least one intervention component delivered by telephone (telehealth) or web‐based technology (eHealth). Findings were reported narratively, based on the Consolidated Health Economic Evaluation Reporting Standards. Twenty‐seven economic evaluations were included from 20 studies meeting the inclusion criteria. Sixteen of the included interventions had a telehealth component, whereas 11 had an eHealth component. Seventeen interventions were evaluated using cost‐utility analysis, five with cost‐effectiveness analysis, and five undertook both cost‐effectiveness and cost‐utility analyses. Only eight cost‐utility analyses reported that the intervention was cost‐effective. Comparison of results from cost‐effectiveness analyses was limited by heterogeneity in methods and outcome units reported. The evidence supporting the cost‐effectiveness of interventions with a telehealth or eHealth delivery component is currently inconclusive. Although obesity prevention telehealth and eHealth interventions are gaining popularity, more evidence is required on their effectiveness and cost‐effectiveness.
Phylogenetic generalized linear mixed modeling presents novel opportunities for eco‐evolutionary synthesis
Authors: Gallinat Amanda S. , Pearse William D.
Published: March 2021

Despite their interdependence, community ecology and evolutionary biology have proven difficult to synthesize empirically in studies of community assembly. This is primarily due to differing temporal and spatial scales of ecological and evolutionary dynamics, ranging from broad‐scale processes like speciation and environmental filtering to local‐scale past and present‐day niche dynamics. Phylogenetic generalized linear mixed modeling (PGLMM) offers a solution to this problem, it can be used to integrate through time by modeling the evolution of trait‐based community assembly, and across space ranging from broad‐scale environmental sensitivities to local‐scale co‐occurrences. As such, PGLMM provides the ability to compare the relative strength of deep versus shallow‐time drivers of biodiversity by including them in a single model. Despite its unique value, the application of PGLMM has been limited because statistical advances have not been adequately matched by conceptual progress. Recent expansion in the availability of cross‐clade assemblage data and phylogenetic tools have increased the urgency of conceptual unification. Here we describe the potential of PGLMM for parsing the evolutionary and ecological drivers of community assembly, focusing on how three major drivers – environmental sensitivities, within‐clade interactions (e.g. competition), and cross‐clade associations (e.g. herbivory) – shape historical and present‐day assemblages. We outline three fundamental questions that PGLMM can address, linked to each of the aforementioned drivers: 1) are species' regional‐scale environmental responses evolutionarily constrained? 2) Do evolved responses to past competition minimize or enhance present‐day competition? 3) Are cross‐clade associations evolutionarily constrained? For each question, we review conceptual advances and opportunities, and demonstrate the application of PGLMM in a supplementary tutorial. We focus on the ecological and evolutionary outcomes of PGLMM and describe the value of these outcomes for conservation and natural resource management, in order to move PGLMM beyond statistical complexities and toward a future with clear conceptual and practical goals.
Intra‐ and interspecific density dependence mediates weather effects on the population dynamics of a plant–insect herbivore system
Authors: Hambäck Peter A.
Published: March 2021

Temperature and precipitation are two major factors determining arthropod population densities, but the effects from these climate variables are seldom evaluated in the same study system and in combination with inter‐ and intraspecific density dependence. In this study, I used a 19 year time series on plant variables (shoot height and flowering incidence) and insect density in order to understand direct and indirect effects of climatic fluctuations on insect population densities. The study system includes two closely related leaf beetle species (Galerucella spp.) and a flower feeding weevil Nanophyes marmoratus attacking the plant purple loosestrife Lythrum salicaria. Results suggest that both intraspecific density dependence and weather variables affected Galerucella population densities, with interactive effects of rain and temperature on insect densities that depended on the timing relative to insect life cycles. In spring, high temperatures increased Galerucella densities only when combined with high rain, as low rain implies a high drought risk. Low temperatures are only beneficial if combined with little rain, as high rain cause chilly and wet conditions that are bad for insects. In summer, interactive effects of rain and temperature are different because high temperatures and little rain cause drought that induce wilting in plants, thus reducing food availability for the leaf feeding larvae. In contrast, the density of the flower feeding weevil was less affected by temperature and precipitation directly, and more indirectly interspecific density dependent effects through reduced resource availability caused by previous Galerucella damage.
sRNA23392 packaged by Porphyromonas gingivalis outer membrane vesicles promotes oral squamous cell carcinomas migration and invasion by targeting desmocollin‐2
Authors: Liu Dongjuan , Liu Sai , Liu Junchao , Miao Lei , Zhang Shuwei , Pan Yaping
Published: March 2021

Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is the most common head and neck malignant tumor. Periodontitis, a common chronic inflammatory disease, has been proven to increase the risk of oral cancers. Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis), the major pathogen in periodontal disease, was recently shown to promote the development of OSCC. However, the underlying mechanisms have not been defined. Emerging evidence suggests that P. gingivalis outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) contain different packaged small RNAs (sRNAs) with the potential to target host mRNA function and/or stability. In this study, we found that P. gingivalis OMVs promote the invasion and migration of OSCC cells in vitro. Further research showed that sRNA23392 was abundant in P. gingivalis OMVs and it promoted the invasion and migration of OSCC cells by targeting desmocollin‐2 (DSC2). DSC2, a desmosomal cadherin family member, has been found to be involved in tumor progression. sRNA23392 inhibitors attenuated P. gingivalis OMV‐induced migration and invasion of OSCC cells. Collectively, these findings are consistent with the hypothesis that sRNA23392 in P. gingivalis OMVs is a novel mechanism of the host–pathogen interaction, whereby P. gingivalis promotes the invasion and migration of OSCC.