bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Elaboración y caracterización Fisicoquímica de membranas bioplásticas a base de Nopal (Opuntia ficus-indica)
Authors: Gálvez-Chan Rosario Alicia , Silva-Encinas Gabriel Omar
Published: March 2021

The objective of the research is the physicochemical characterization of bioplastic membranes based on Nopal (Opuntia ficus-indica) to determine their possible applications. The tests performed for the characterization were: permeability, solubility, resistance, thickness, drop test and chemical analysis with the infrared spectrophotometer. Today, new and better alternatives are sought in obtaining different polymers that benefit humanity and the environment. Recycling is an option but it is not a very effective alternative for all plastics, however, biopolymers are a solution from the origin of the problem since the vast majority of them their biodegradation time is much less than that of a common plastic. Biopolymers, which for the most part come from renewable resources so they become an interesting alternative for the plastics industry. The physicochemical properties of the Nopal-based membranes (Opuntia ficus-indica), are similar to synthetic plastic membranes, being a viable alternative to replace them, thus contributing to society, with a better quality of life being environmentally friendly.
Las Ingenierías en el Centro Universitario de los Lagos-U DE G: La realidad en números
Authors: Mesa-Cornejo Viviana Matilde , Aparicio-Fernandez María del Rayo
Published: March 2021

A long time has passed since the Aztecs demonstrated Mexican talent in different areas of engineering, so much so that today the field has diversified exponentially, the University of Guadalajara was no exception and in the particular case of the University Center of Los Lagos (CULAGOS), the offer has expanded, from traditional options such as Industrial Engineering to Biochemical Engineering or Industrial Administration Engineering. However, the novelty does not exempt reality and the problem even without effective solution, is the low terminal efficiency. The number of students admitted cycle after cycle is not reflected in the number of discharges. In the present work, the data of entrance to the different Engineering offered by the CULAGOS were analyzed, from its creation in the year 2004 to the present, the minimum and maximum scores obtained in the Academic Aptitude Test and its relation were taken into account with the number of graduates, as a possible cause for low terminal efficiency. The results obtained after tabulation and statistical analysis show a correlation between the entrance scores and the terminal efficiency.
Competencias transferibles en la formación profesional en estudiantes a distancia
Authors: May-Guillermo Erika Guadalupe , Hernández-Triano Leonardo , Neme-Calacich Salvador , Reyes-Cornelio Roberto
Published: March 2021

This article presents a descriptive, non-experimental and transversal research under a quantitative approach, with the objective of identifying the level of Organizational Commitment (CO) that the education workers of a Higher Education Institution (IES) in the southeast of Mexico have, as well as the level of CO that register in each of its dimensions to detect those that require to be attended by the educational authorities. The data collection was carried out through a survey in which 140 employees participated, using the instrument proposed by Meyer, Allen, & Smith (1993), which generally presented a very good level of internal consistency (α = 0.83), determined through the Cronbach alpha coefficient. The data were analyzed through descriptive statistics, using the quartile analysis. The results show that workers have a level of CO that in general terms is low with a medium tendency, with the affective commitment being the one that is most present in the population. However, the normative commitment and the continuity commitment obtained the lowest levels, which requires strengthening through more stimulating remuneration and promotion systems for higher level education workers.
El compromiso Organizacional de trabajadores de la educación superior en el sureste de México
Authors: Domínguez-Campomanes Margarita , Gómez- Manuel Esbeidy , Morales-Reyes Eunice , Pacheco-Reyes Juan José
Published: March 2021

The objective of this article is to establish a comparison of the results in the learning achievements as an academic context in a four-month period established in relation to the learning styles in the higher level students. The type of research that was applied in the present investigation, according to the scope of the study, is descriptive correlational; descriptive as it intends to specify the learning styles and academic performance of 96 students of Information and Communication Technology and accounting. It is correlational, because it aims to respond if there are associations between the variables under study, in this case, between learning styles and academic context. The Honey-Alonso learning styles questionnaire was used. The contribution of the present work is to determine that the learning styles in the students, is a tool that facilitates the development of favorable teaching-learning contexts, in order to make this information known to the teaching staff, before carrying out the process of planning of the Learning Unit to impart. Learning styles should be considered when planning teaching activities in order to favor the academic context.
The Master Synthesizer
Authors: Adem Seifudein
Published: March 2021

Ali Mazrui was born in 1933 in Mombasa, Kenya. Sent to England in 1955 for his secondary school education, he remained there until he earned hisB.A. (1960, politics and philosophy) with distinction from the University of Manchester. He received his M.A. (1961, government and politics) and Ph.D. (1966, philosophy) from Columbia and Oxford universities, respectively. In Africa, he taught political science at Uganda’s Makerere University College (1963-73), and then returned to the United States to teach at the University of Michigan (1974-91) and New York’s Binghamton University (1991-2014). An avatar of controversy, Mazrui was also legendary for the fertility of his mind. Nelson Mandela viewed him as “an outstanding educationist” 1 and Kofi Annan, former secretary-general of the United Nations, referred to him as “Africa’s gift to the world.”2 Salim Ahmed Salim, former secretary-general of the Organization of African Unity and prime minister of Tanzania wrote: Ali Mazrui provided [many of us] with the illuminating light to understand the reality we have been confronting. He armed us with the tools of engagement and inspired us with his eloquence, clarity of ideas while all the time maintaining the highest degree of humility, respect for fellow human beings, and an unflagging commitment to justice.
Beyond Secular Liberalism
Authors: Marusek Sarah
Published: March 2021

While many scholars have focused on questions of non- or post-secularity vis-à-vis the “modern nation state,” fewer have asked what kind of decolonial redemption is possible under global neoliberal capitalism today. This is precisely the question I seek to address in this article by analyzing the contemporary ideas and practices of the charities affiliated with what is collectively known as the Islamic resistance movement in Lebanon. Based on almost two and a half years of ethnographic fieldwork in Lebanon on the charities affiliated with the three main Shi'i activist movements loosely comprising the Islamic resistance movement—Hizbullah, al-Mabarrat Association, and Imam al-Sadr Foundation—I describe how all three are selectively resisting some aspects of secular liberalism while accepting others. However, by employing a decentered approach to my analysis, I also highlight how their negotiation with secular liberalism is on their own terms, thus ultimately presenting a challenge to Western hegemony. These charities employ multiple conceptions of rationality, including religious rationality and a range of liberal and even neoliberal economic principles; but by centering their project on faith, Islam, and resistance, these charities reproduce what I call “resistance subjectivities,” allowing the Islamic resistance movement to present unique challenges to Western secular modernity.
Some Reflections on the First Muslim Visitor to Japan
Authors: Morris James Harry
Published: March 2021

This research note explores the biography and visit of the first Muslim visitor to Japan. This figure known as Sādōulǔdīng 撒都魯丁 visited Japan as part of a Mongol envoy in 1275CE, which ultimately ended in his execution in the country. Very little research has been conducted on Sādōulǔdīng, and therefore this note begins by evaluating relevant primary sources in order to assess what information can be garnered about this figure and his visit. Hitherto most scholars have suggested that Sādōulǔdīng was either a Uyghur or an Arab. This note, on the other hand, offers a new hypothesis; namely that there is a high probability that Sādōulǔdīng was of Persian ancestry. In the final part of the note, some thoughts on the significance of his visit to Japan both historically and contemporarily are presented.
Lexical Choice and Rhetorical Expression in Ignazio Lomellini’s 1622 Translation of and Commentary on the Qur’an
Authors: Shore PAUL JOHN
Published: March 2021

Animadversiones, Notae ac Disputationes in Pestilentem Alcoranum is a unique document housed in the University of Genoa library and consisting of the entire text of the Qur’ān in Arabic, a Latin translation of same, and extensive commentaries and marginalia in Latin, with a few short passages in Arabic and Hebrew. The document is dated 1622 and has heretofore received little attention from scholars. Although Animadversiones had none of the impact of other early Latin translations of the Qur’ān, this text is of considerable value as an example of how early Western Christian scholars of the Qur’ān grappled with lexical, syntactical and exegetical problems. This article examines a series of lexical choices made by Lomellini and touches on some of his exegetical discourses, his intended audiences, and possible sources and informants. Special attention is given to the tension between Lomellini’s mission to propagate the Catholic faith and his desire to produce a translation faithful to the meaning of the original.
Young Muslim America
Authors: Rashid Hussein
Published: March 2021

Muna Ali’s Young Muslim America is a multi-layered, multi-disciplinary work that delivers a snapshot of American Muslim life, grounded in history and theory. She begins by saying she is looking at individual narratives embedded in a larger narrative “about being and belonging, about identity politics in a globalizing world where grand narratives of national and civilizational histories, secularism, and global wars are summoned” (4). The idea of “narrative” is repeated because it signals a primary methodological approach of the book, where narratives are seen as full of information used to navigate social realities (5).
ANALISIS FAKTOR EKSTERNAL YANG MEMENGARUHI NIAT PENGGUNAAN APLIKASI PENGIRIMAN MAKANAN PADA MAHASISWA UNIVERSITAS SINGAPERBANGSA KARAWANG
Authors: Novana Kirana , Hadining Aulia Fashanah , Sari Rianita Puspa
Published: March 2021

Saat ini perkembangan teknologi informasi dan komunikasi menarik perhatian masyarakat karena dapat memudahkan aktivitas, salah satunya yaitu usaha food delivery yang kini dapat dilakukan dengan menggunakan smartphone, atau dikenal dengan Aplikasi Pengiriman Makanan (APM). Namun, berbagai motif dibalik penggunaan APM (GrabFood dan Go-Food) belum diketahui secara pasti. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk menganalisis faktor eksternal yang mempengaruhi niat penggunaan APM. Selain itu hubungan antara external motivation variable dengan intention to use juga diselidiki. Terdapat empat variabel motivasi eksternal yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini, yaitu: quality control, convenience, listing dan search of restaurants. Pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui penyebaran kuesioner kepada 390 mahasiswa Universitas Singaperbangsa Karawang (UNSIKA) yang menggunakan GrabFood maupun Go-Food. Berdasarkan analisis regresi linier berganda yang diolah dengan menggunakan IBM SPSS 25 menunjukkan terdapat dua variabel secara positif dan signifikan mempengaruhi niat penggunaan APM di Karawang, yaitu variabel convenience dan search of restaurants.
Leverage, Ukuran Perusahaan, Dan Fixed Asset Intensity Dan Pajak Penghasilan Dimoderasi Regulasi Insentif Pajak Revaluasi Aset
Authors: Purwanto Hadi
Published: March 2021

ABSTRACT

This study aims to investigate the influence of leverage, firm size and fixed asset intensity to Income Tax moderated by PMK 191/2015 in listed companies on the Indonesia Stock Exchange. This study uses quantitative data that have been published in the Indonesia Stock Exchange and tax revenue from DGT. The samples used in this study were 145, including 102 companies that met the study criteria, as this study using purposive sampling method in sample selection. Method of data analysis using technique of moderated regression analysis with Warp-pls. The result of the research shows that firm size has a significant effect directly to PPh on revaluation. Leverage and fixed asset intensity have no direct effect on income tax on revaluation.While the effect of leverage and fixed asset intensity on Income Tax of asset revaluation fully moderated (pure moderator) by PMK 191/2015. Otherwise , PMK 191/2015 play role as predictor moderator variable in relation of firm size’s effect on Income Tax of asset revaluation.

ABSTRAK

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meneliti pengaruh leverage, ukuran perusahaan dan fixed asset intensity terhadap PPh atas revaluasi aktiva tetap dengan dimoderasi PMK 191/2015 pada perusahaan yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia. Penelitian ini menggunakan data kuantitatif yang telah dipublikasikan di Bursa Efek Indonesia dan data realiasi pajak Direktorat jenderal Pajak. Dimana sampel yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini sebanyak 145 yang terdiri dari 102 perusahan yang memenuhi kriteria penelitian, karena penelitian ini menggunakan metode purposive sampling dalam pemilihan sampel. Metode analisis data menggunakan teknik moderated regression analysis dengan Warp-pls. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ukuran perusahaan berpengaruh signifikan secara langsung terhadap PPh atas revaluasi. Leverage dan fixed asset intensity tidak berpengaruh langsung terhadap PPh atas revaluasi. Sedangkan PMK 191/2015 terbukti memoderasi sempurna (pure moderasi) PPh atas Revaluasi. Sementara PMK 191/2015 berperan sebagai variabel prediktor (predictor moderator variable) dalam hubungan pengaruh ukuran perusahaan terhadap PPh atas revaluasi.

JEL Classification: M41, G18
Expectation Gap pada Persepsi Auditor Internal dengan Auditee terkait Kompetensi, Independensi, dan Kualitas Audit
Authors: Dewi Puspita Sari Linda , Widyastuti Tri
Published: March 2021

ABSTRACT

Mapping result of State Development Audit Agency for Inspectorate General of Ministry of Agriculture by Internal Audit Capability Model was on second level (Infrastructure) and the audit result of State Audit Agency was unqualified opinion, but there was notes for assets arrangement and Inspectorate General was rated that it gave a contribution. On the other hand, the result of internal assesment was on good category. This research aims to analyze expectation gap between internal auditor’s perception and perception of auditee for competency, independency, and quality of audit. Population in this research consist of internal auditor and auditee represented by audited work units under the annual audit work program in 2017. Sampling using the Slovin formula and on data collection obtained data as much as 58 auditors and 82 auditee. Method of data analysis using independent t-test. The result show there is an expectation gap between internal auditor’s perception and perception of auditee for independency and internal auditor’s quality of audit but there isn’t an expectation gap between internal auditor’s perception and perception of auditee for competency.

ABSTRAK

Hasil pemetaan Badan Pengawasan Keuangan dan Pembangunan terhadap Inspektorat Jenderal Kementerian Pertanian dengan pendekatan internal audit capability model masih pada level 2 (infrastructure) dan hasil pemeriksaan Badan Pemeriksa Keuangan atas Laporan Keuangan Kementerian Pertanian Tahun 2016 adalah Wajar Tanpa Pengecualian, namun masih terdapat beberapa catatan antara lain penataan aset yang dinilai belum memadai dan Inspektorat Jenderal dinilai publik turut serta memberikan andil. Di sisi lain, hasil penilaian internal menunjukkan nilai yang relatif baik. Penelitian ini menganalisis apakah terdapat expectation gap antara persepsi auditor internal dan auditee terkait dengan kompetensi, independensi, dan kualitas audit. Populasi dalam penelitian terdiri atas auditor Inspektorat Jenderal Kementerian Pertanian dan auditee yang diwakili jumlah unit/satuan kerja yang diaudit sesuai Program Kerja Audit Tahunan Tahun 2017. Pengambilan sampel menggunakan rumus Slovin dan pada pengumpulan data didapatkan data sebanyak 58 orang auditor internal dan 82 orang auditee. Metode analisis data menggunakan independent t-test menunjukkan terdapat expectation gap antara persepsi auditor internal dan auditee terkait dengan independensi dan kualitas audit dari auditor internal, namun tidak terdapat expectation gap antara persepsi auditor internal dan auditee terkait kompetensi auditor internal.

JEL Classification: M41, M42
Pemahaman Sumber Daya Manusia, Implementasi Standar Akuntansi Pemerintah dan Kualitas Informasi Keuangan pada Satuan Kerja Kementerian Sosial
Authors: Zaenab Syafitri Siregar Putri , Wiratno Adi
Published: March 2021

ABSTRACT

Government agencies today must follow accounting developments to create accountability and transparency. This study aims to obtain evidence of the influence of understanding of human resources and the implementation of government accounting standards on the quality of financial information. This research uses survey method. Sampling method used by writer is simple random sampling. Respondents are all planners, financial managers, financial statements compilers within the Ministry of Social RI as many as 779 people, with a sample of 88 people. Hypothesis test using multiple linear regression. The results showed that the understanding of Human Resources and Implementation of Government Accounting Standards have a significant positive impact on the Quality of Financial Information. It also shows that there is a synergy between the understanding of human resources and the implementation of government accounting standards in achieving the quality of financial information within the Ministry of Social RI in line with expectations.

ABSTRAK

Lembaga pemerintah saat ini, harus mengikuti perkembangan akuntansi agar tercipta akuntabilitas dan transparansi. Salah satu upayanya yaitu penyampaian laporan pertanggungjawaban keuangan pemerintah yang berkualitas. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memperoleh bukti tentang pengaruh pemahaman sumber daya manusia dan implementasi standar akuntansi pemerintah terhadap kualitas informasi keuangan. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode survey. Metode pengambilan sampel yang digunakan penulis adalah simple random sampling. Responden adalah seluruh perencana, pengelola keuangan, penyusun laporan keuangan dilingkungan Kementerian Sosial RI sebanyak 779 orang, dengan jumlah sampel sebanyak 88 orang. Uji hipotesis menggunakan regresi linier berganda. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan Pemahaman Sumber Daya Manusia dan Implementasi Standar Akuntansi Pemerintah berpengaruh signifikan positif terhadap Kualitas Informasi Keuangan. Hal ini juga menunjukkan bahwa terdapat sinergi antara pemahaman sumber daya manusia dan implementasi standar akuntansi pemerintah dalam mencapai kualitas informasi keuangan dilingkungan Kementerian Sosial RI yang sesuai dengan harapan.

JEL Classification: M41, M42
Analisis Rasio Keuangan dan Laporan Corporate Social Responsibility Perusahaan Go Public di Indonesia
Authors: Mandagie Yuana , Amyulianthy Rafrini , Lysandra Shanti , Pratiwi Ari
Published: March 2021

ABSTRACT

Many factors that influence Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) disclosure from a company.Therefore, the purpose of this research is to know about the influence of profitability ratios, company size ratios, and leverage ratios to CSR reports on mining companies and manufacturing companies of basic and chemical industry sectors listed in Indonesia Stock Exchange for the 2016 period. This research is a quantitative research that uses 56 companies listed in BEI in 2016 as purposively selected samples. The results of the study found that financial ratios of profitability proxied with Net Profit Margin (NPM)and leverage proxied on Debt to Equity Ratio (DER) partially did not affect the disclosure of CSR. While company size has effect on CSR disclosure.

ABSTRAK

Banyak faktor yang memengaruhi pengungkapan Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) dari suatu perusahaan. Oleh karena itu, tujuan penelitian tentang analisis rasio keuangan dan laporan CSR perusahaan go public di Indonesia adalah untuk mengetahui tentang pengaruh rasio profitabilitas, rasio ukuran perusahaan, dan rasio leverageterhadap laporan CSR pada perusahaan pertambangan dan perusahaan manufaktur sektor industri dasar dan kimia yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia periode 2016. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kuantitatif yang menggunakan 56 perusahaan yang terdaftar di BEI pada tahun2016 sebagai sampel yang terpilih secara purposive.Hasil penelitian ditemukan bahwa rasio keuangan profitabilitas yang diproksikan dengan Net Profit Margin (NPM)dan leverage yang diproksikan pada Debt to Equity Ratio (DER) secara parsial tidak berpengaruh terhadap pengungkapan CSR. Sedangkan ukuran perusahaan berpengaruh terhadap pengungkapan CSR.

JEL Classification: M14, Q56
The strategy and financial analysis of Luckin Coffee
Authors: Yang Ming , Lv Ying-ying
Published: March 2021

Luckin breaks through the traditional mode and creates the miracle of the new retail mode of coffee.We analyze this new retail mode from different aspects: Luckin爷s operating strategy, competitor, SWOT analysis and so on, and we also give some suggestions that can help Luckin deal with some potential problems and seize the opportunity.
Tax Risk Analysis of China's Enterprises in the Process of IPO Listing
Authors: Liu Qiang'an
Published: March 2021

Taxation has always been a major obstacle in the process of enterprise IPO. There are many tax-related problems in the process of IPO listing of small and medium-sized enterprises in China. In order to avoid the tax risk, we need to carry out various control and prevention in order to effectively deal with this obstacle.
Facts, Fallacies, and Politics of Comparative
Effectiveness Research:
Part I. Basic Considerations
Authors: Manchikanti Laxmaiah
Published: March 2021

While the United States leads the world in many measures of health care innovation, it
has been suggested that it lags behind many developed nations in a variety of health
outcomes. It has also been stated that the United States continues to outspend all other
Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) countries by a wide
margin. Spending on health goods and services per person in the United States, in
2007, increased to $7,290 – almost 2½ times the average of all OECD countries. Rising
health care costs in the United States have been estimated to increase to 19.1% of gross
domestic product (GDP) or $4.4 trillion by 2018. The increases are illustrated in both
public and private sectors.
Higher health care costs in the United States are implied from the variations in the
medical care from area to area around the country, with almost 50% of medical care
being not evidence-based, and finally as much as 30% of spending reflecting medical
care of uncertain or questionable value. Thus, comparative effectiveness research (CER)
has been touted by supporters with high expectations to resolve most ill effects of health
care in the United States and provide high quality, less expensive, universal health care.
CER is defined as the generation and synthesis of evidence that compares the benefits and
harms of alternate methods to prevent, diagnose, treat, and monitor a clinical condition
or to improve the delivery of care. The efforts of CER in the United States date back to
the late 1970’s even though it was officially born with the Medicare Modernization Act
(MMA) and has been rejuvenated with the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act
(ARRA) of 2009 with an allocation of $1.1 billion.
CER has been the basis for health care decision-making in many other countries.
According to the International Network of Agencies for Health Technology Assessments
(INAHTA), many industrialized countries have bodies that are charged with health
technology assessments (HTAs) or comparative effectiveness studies. Of all the available
agencies, the National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE) of the United
Kingdom is the most advanced, stable, and has provided significant evidence, though
based on rigid and proscriptive economic and clinical formulas.
While CER is making a rapid surge in the United States, supporters and opponents are
expressing their views. Part I of this comprehensive review will describe facts, fallacies,
and politics of CER with discussions to understand basic concepts of CER.
Key words: Comparative effectiveness research, evidence-based medicine, Institute
of Medicine, National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence, interventional pain
management, interventional techniques, geographic variations, inappropriate care.
A Comprehensive Review of Opioid-Induced
Hyperalgesia
Authors: Lee Marion O.
Published: March 2021

Opioid-induced hyperalgesia (OIH) is defined as a state of nociceptive sensitization
caused by exposure to opioids. The condition is characterized by a paradoxical response
whereby a patient receiving opioids for the treatment of pain could actually become
more sensitive to certain painful stimuli. The type of pain experienced might be the
same as the underlying pain or might be different from the original underlying pain. OIH
appears to be a distinct, definable, and characteristic phenomenon that could explain
loss of opioid efficacy in some patients.
Findings of the clinical prevalence of OIH are not available. However, several
observational, cross-sectional, and prospective controlled trials have examined the
expression and potential clinical significance of OIH in humans. Most studies have been
conducted using several distinct cohorts and methodologies utilizing former opioid
addicts on methadone maintenance therapy, perioperative exposure to opioids in
patients undergoing surgery, and healthy human volunteers after acute opioid exposure
using human experimental pain testing.
The precise molecular mechanism of OIH, while not yet understood, varies substantially
in the basic science literature, as well as clinical medicine. It is generally thought to
result from neuroplastic changes in the peripheral and central nervous system (CNS)
that lead to sensitization of pronociceptive pathways. While there are many proposed
mechanisms for OIH, 5 mechanisms involving the central glutaminergic system, spinal
dynorphins, descending facilitation, genetic mechanisms, and decreased reuptake and
enhanced nociceptive response have been described as the important mechanisms.
Of these, the central glutaminergic system is considered the most common possibility.
Another is the hypothesis that N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors in OIH include
activation, inhibition of the glutamate transporter system, facilitation of calcium
regulated intracellular protein kinase C, and cross talk of neural mechanisms of pain
and tolerance.
Clinicians should suspect OIH when opioid treatment’s effect seems to wane in the
absence of disease progression, particularly if found in the context of unexplained pain
reports or diffuse allodynia unassociated with the original pain, and increased levels
of pain with increasing dosages. The treatment involves reducing the opioid dosage,
tapering them off, or supplementation with NMDA receptor modulators.
This comprehensive review addresses terminology and definition, prevalence, the
evidence for mechanism and physiology with analysis of various factors leading to OIH,
and effective strategies for preventing, reversing, or managing OIH.
Key words: Opioid-induced hyperalgesia, opioid tolerance, opioid sensitivity, adverse
events, chronic opioid therapy
Reliability and Validity of the Global Pain Scale
with Chronic Pain Sufferers
Authors: Gentile Douglas
Published: March 2021

Background: Many pain scales exist today; however, a comprehensive, easy-to-analyze
test has yet to be available to evaluate a patient’s pain and understand the sociocultural,
cognitive, and affective factors contributing to a patient’s overall pain experience.
Many scales have attempted to create an all-encompassing pain assessment but remain
incomplete in their assessment of pain and the contributing aspects of pain.
Objective: To present the Global Pain Scale (GPS) as an alternative to current pain
assessments and evaluate the reliability and construct validity of the GPS.
Methods: Two hundred sixty-two undergraduates with chronic pain at a large
midwestern university participated in this survey study. Participants reported in which
of 14 specific body regions they have pain, the frequency of pain, and treatment history
for their pain. Participants completed 4 scales— GPS, the West Haven Yale Scale (WHY),
the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS), and the short form McGill (SF-MPQ) — in a randomized
order.
Results: The GPS demonstrated high criterion validity and high construct validity
(including both convergent and discriminant validity). The total GPS scale and each of
the subscales were reliable. The total GPS score was significantly correlated with all other
subscales, excluding those for which there is a theoretical reason for them to not be
correlated with our participant population.
Limitations: A sample of college students was used, thus decreasing the generalizability
of these findings to patients approximating our sample.
Conclusions: The GPS is a valid scale that is concise and easily interpreted. The GPS is
a comprehensive assessment of pain evaluating pain, emotions, clinical outcomes, and
daily activities. This may be a valuable tool for evaluation and treatment planning for
interventional pain management physicians.
Key words: chronic pain, pain assessment comprehensive pain scale, pain scales
What Is "New"?: Defining "New Judgement" After Magwood
Authors: Cothern Patrick
Published: March 2021

Habeas corpus petitioners must navigate the procedural barriers of the Anti-terrorism and Effective Death Penalty Act (“AEDPA”) before courts consider their petitions on the merits. Among the barriers imposed is a general prohibition on “second or successive” habeas petitions, meaning a petitioner who previously filed a habeas petition may not bring another, with limited exceptions. One such exception, recognized by the Supreme Court in Magwood v. Patterson, allows for a second habeas petition after the petitioner obtains a “new judgment.” Magwood and AEDPA, however, left the term “new judgment” undefined. This Note summarizes the history of habeas corpus in the United States, the passage of AEDPA, and the Magwood decision. It contends that the interpretation of “new judgment” adopted by some circuits is impermissibly restrictive of the implied right to petition for habeas relief. Thus, it proposes a simplified interpretation: any judicial change to the original judgment renders a “new judgment,” achieving a better balance between the interests of the petitioner and the state.
Prioritization of K-12 School Maintenance Construction Projects Using Genetic Algorithm and Dynamic Programming Models
Authors: Shehab Tariq , Haghighat Reza , Sajjan Kiran K , Balali Vahid
Published: March 2021

High quality education standards and safe learning environments are the fundamental goals of most educational systems. One step towards achieving these goals is to keep existing school facilities in good working conditions through continues repair and maintenance programs. Due to limited resources, efficient use of allocated funds is necessary. This paper presents an optimization tool using Genetic Algorithm (GA) and Dynamic Programming (DP) that manages the expenses of K-12 school rehabilitation projects. These models help to find the optimum solutions among the given data through mutations and crossover in deriving a possible solution to a multi-layered problem. The proposed optimization tools maximize the benefits of K-12 school repair projects, and focus primarily on serving at-risk students, including those who come from low-income families. To demonstrate the use and capabilities of the proposed tool, a case study is presented. The results revealed by the case study show high potential for better management of school rehabilitation projects and better provision of service to disadvantaged students.
The current state of development of legislative bases mediation of land disputes
Authors: Busuiok Diana
Published: March 2021

The article examines the existing drafts of the Law of Ukraine “On Mediation” and defines how to improve them according toresolution of land disputes in the order of mediation.Land disputes can be resolved through a mediation procedure. The current land legislation, in particular the Land Code ofUkraine, does not contain any prohibition on mediation of land disputes. This possibility follows from the dispositive method of legalregulation of land relations – everything is allowed that is not prohibited by law.At the same time, the issue of direct legislative settlement of land dispute mediation still remains open. There are several draftsof the Law of Ukraine «On Mediation» on the website of the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine. One of the draft laws «On Mediation»№ 3665 of December 17, 2015 was adopted in the first reading, but in 2019 the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine rejected it – the bill wasnot adopted. On December 28, 2019, the government bill «On Mediation» № 2706 was registered in the Parliament. However, this billwas withdrawn on March 4, 2020.There is a need to investigate the latest legislative trends in the settlement of land dispute mediation, based on the above bills. Ifthe general provisions are spelled out in more detail in the government bill, the specifics are in the 2015 bill.Based on the analysis of the two bills, we consider it appropriate to note that the measures that we believe will facilitate the introductionof mediation in resolving land disputes should include the promotion of mediation as an out-of-court settlement of land disputesand their direct resolution through mediation. So far, the resolution of land disputes through mediation remains a theoretical construction.Resolving land disputes through a mediation procedure will determine the best way to regulate these land relations. Without thepractical application of mediation in resolving land disputes, it remains only to envisage possible legal mechanisms for the legal regulationof these social relations. The latter may have significant shortcomings, which will be possible to identify only in practice.

None of the proposed bills includes land disputes in the list of disputes that can be resolved through mediation, but according tocurrent land legislation, in particular the Land Code of Ukraine, there are cases when such a method of resolving land disputes has aright to exist, in particular in disputes land easements.The requirement to go to court in case of non-fulfillment of obligations under the agreement as a result of mediation is controversial.This is contrary to the very nature of mediation, which should be carried out on the basis of voluntary participation in the mediation procedure,and the parties themselves should decide on options for resolving the dispute. This requirement is contrary to the nature of mediation.We consider it necessary that these provisions on land mediation be taken into account in further work on possible draft laws onmediation.
Features of objective signs of crimes committed by officials who hold a particularly responsible position
Authors: Kabaiev Vitalii
Published: March 2021

The article analyzes the features of the objective features of crimes committed by officials who occupy a particularly responsibleposition. It has been established that the correct qualification of criminal offenses committed by officials who hold a particularly responsibleposition is a mandatory and important aspect in the formation of Ukraine as a democratic and legal state. Therefore, determiningthe characteristics of the objective features of these crimes, in the end, comes down to determining the characteristics of the object andthe objective side of each of these crimes. Thus, the objects of crimes under Part 4 of Article 368 and Part 4 of Article 369 of the Cri -minal Code of Ukraine are closely intertwined, because they are all united by a single generic object – social relations arising in the fieldof official activity and professional activities related to the provision of public services. In these corpus delicti, the direct object can beconsidered the actual social relations that arise when an official who holds a particularly responsible position commits or does not commita certain action using the power or official position granted to him. The third corpus delicti committed by an official who holds aparticularly responsible position is provided for in Part 3 of Article 382 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine. The generic object of this crimeis public relations in the field of justice, and direct – public relations arising from the need for mandatory execution of sentences, decisions,rulings, court decisions that have entered into force, an official who holds a particularly responsible position. It is also possible todivide into two groups the objective side of crimes committed by officials who hold a particularly responsible position. The first groupconsists of the objective aspects of crimes committed by officials who hold a particularly responsible position in the field of officialactivities and professional activities related to the provision of public services – these are all acts related to the acceptance of an offer,promise or receipt illicit gain, as well as illicit enrichment. The second group consists of alternative acts provided for in Article 382 ofthe Criminal Code of Ukraine, provided that they are committed by officials who hold a particularly responsible position.
Data protection rules in the united states legal system
Authors: Poladov Araz
Published: March 2021

Purpose of research: define the general characteristics of the protection of personal data; analysis of legislation and case law.Methods of research: analysis and study of regulatory documents containing provisions on protection of personal data.Results: normative and practical importance of personal data protection provisions in various legal acts has been underscored.The right to privacy strengthened its position in the United States in the late 19th century and is now recognized by most States.Although the right to privacy in the United States was originally a British political legacy, judicial decisions in England were more conservativeand cautious than those of U.S. courts. One of the important features of this law in the Anglo-Saxon legal system is that itwas previously formed by judicial precedents and legal doctrine. Also, the right to privacy was not among the rights provided for in theBill of Rights. In general, there is an industry-wide approach to data privacy in the United States. There is no specific federal law thatwould guarantee the confidentiality and protection of personal data. Instead, legislation at the federal level is dispersed and aims to protectdata in certain sectors. Judicial practice and court decisions taken at different times play an important role in regulating personaldata protection in the United States. It is also worth mentioning that until the 1970s, decisions of the U.S. courts did not provide thenecessary privacy protection safeguards.Discussion: offering a comprehensive and detailed study and use of this practice in other states.
Korelasi Pendidikan Agama Islam Dengan Pembentukan Akhlak Al-Karimah Pada Siswa Kelas VIII Di SMP Negeri 2 Campalagian
Authors: Hannan Mahfud
Published: March 2021

Penelitian ini dilatar belakangi oleh pendapat para ahli yang menyatakan bahwa tujuan Pendidikan Agama Islam adalah pembentukan akhlak. Salah satu masalah yang banyak mendapat sorotan dari pengamat Islam adalah kurangnya jam pelajaran untuk materi Pendidikan Agama Islam di sekolah, sehingga hal tersebut dianggap sebagai penyebab utama kekurangnya kemampuan siswa dalam memahami dan menghayati ajaran agama sehingga siswa tidak memiliki bekal untuk membentengi dirinya sendiri dari pengaruh negatif globalisasi. Oleh karena itu, penulis tertarik untuk mengangkat judul "Korelasi Pendidikan Agama Islam terhadap Pembentukan Akhlak Al-Karimah pada Siswa Kelas VIII di SMP Negeri 2 Campalagian.

            Tujuan penelitian ini adalah: 1) Untuk menjelaskan korelasi Pendidikan Agama Islam dengan pembentukan sifat amanah siswa kelas VIII di SMP Negeri 2 Campalagian; 2) Untuk menjelaskan korelasi Pendidikan Agama Islam dengan pembentukan sikap tawadhu’ siswa kelas VIII di SMP Negeri 2 Campalagian; dan 3) Untuk menjelaskan korelasi Pendidikan Agama Islam dengan pembentukan sikap tawakkal siswa kelas VIII di SMP Negeri 2 Campalagian. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kuantitatif yang bersifat korelatif. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh siswa kelas VIII SMP Negeri 2 Campalagian berjumlah 135 siswa. Sampel sebanyak 40 siswa diambil dengan cara Proportional Random Sampling. Variabel terikat dalam penelitian ini adalah Pendidikan Agama Islam dan sebagai variabel bebas adalah akhlak al-karimah. Sumber data penelitian adalah responden dan dokumentasi. Metode dan instrumen pengumpulan datanya adalah angket dengan instrumen pedoman angket, observasi dengan instrumen pedoman observasi, dan dokumentasi dengan pedoman dokumentasi.

            Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah: 1) Ada korelasi yang signifikan antara pendidikan agama Islam dan pembentukan sifat amanah dengan koefisien korelasinya kurang dari taraf signifikansi; 2) Tidak ada  korelasi antara pendidikan agama Islam dan pembentukan sikap tawadhu’ dengan koefisien korelasinya lebih dari taraf signifikansi; dan 3) Ada korelasi yang signifikan antara pendidikan agama Islam dan pembentukan sikap tawakkal dengan koefisien korelasinya kurang dari taraf signifikansi. Besarnya F hitung adalah 3.623 dengan nilai signifikan 0,027 yang berarti terdapat korelasi yang signifikan antara Pendidikan Agama Islam dan pembentukan akhlak al-karimah pada siswa kelas VIII di SMP Negeri 2 Campalagian
Pengaruh Sikap Profesional, Kompetensi Guru, Pendidikan Dan Pelatihan Terhadap Kinerja Guru SMK Di Kecamatan Polewali Kabupaten Polewali Mandar
Authors: Daeng Pananrang Ayyub
Published: March 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan menjelaskan pengaruh secara signifikan variabel  sikap profesional, kompetensi guru dan pendidikan dan pelatihan terhadap kinerja guru SMK di kecamatan Polewali kabupaten Polman, serta mengetahui variabel yang berpengaruh secara dominan diantara tiga variabel sikap profesional, kompetensi guru dan pendidikan dan pelatihan terhadap kinerja guru SMK di kecamatan Polewali kabupaten Polman.

            Sampel sebanyak seratus tiga puluh enam orang yang dipilih secara proporsional random sampling dimana sampel diambil secara acak pada populasi pada berbagai  unit kerja. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan cara memberikan kuesioner/angket kepada guru yang sesuai dengan penelitian yang dilakukan. Data  dianalisis menggunakan metode kuantitatif.

            Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa secara bersama-sama sikap profesional, kompetensi guru dan pendidikan dan pelatihan berpengaruh signifikan terhadap kinerja guru SMK di kecamatan Polewali kabupaten Polman. Variabel sikap profesional, kompetensi guru dan pendidikan dan pelatihan koefisien regresi yang bertanda positif (+) menandakan hubungan yang searah. Dengan kata lain, sikap profesional, kompetensi guru dan pendidikan dan pelatihan akan meningkatkan  kinerja guru SMK di kecamatan Polewali kabupaten Polman. Korelasi atau hubungan antara sikap profesional, kompetensi guru dan pendidikan dan pelatihan dengan kinerja guru SMK di kecamatan Polewali kabupaten Polman adalah sangat kuat sebesar (r =0,801) dan koefisien determinasi  atau angka R square adalah sebesar 0,641. Dan secara individual hasil penelitian menunjukkan  (1) Ada pengaruh yang signifikan antara sikap profesional terhadap kinerja guru SMK di kecamatan Polewali kabupaten Polman yang ditunjukkan dari nilai  thitung > ttabel (7,235 >1,978) atau signifikansi 0,000<0,05 sehingga dalam pengujian ini menunjukkan bahwa Ha diterima dan H0 ditolak. (2) Ada pengaruh yang signifikan antara kompetensi guru terhadap kinerja guru SMK di kecamatan Polewali kabupaten Polman yang ditunjukkan dari nilai thitung > ttabel (6,999>1,978) atau signifikansi 0,000<0,05 sehingga dalam pengujian ini menunjukkan bahwa Ha diterima dan H0 ditolak. (3) Ada pengaruh yang signifikan antara pendidikan dan pelatihan terhadap kinerja guru SMK di kecamatan Polewali kabupaten Polman yang ditunjukkan dari nilai thitung > ttabel (3,466 > 1,978) atau signifikansi 0,001 < 0,05 sehingga dalam pengujian ini menunjukkan bahwa Ha diterima dan H0 ditolak. Dan adapun  variabel  kompetensi guru yang mempunyai pengaruh paling dominan dalam meningkatkan kinerja guru SMK di Kecamatan Polewali Kabupaten Polman, karena diperoleh angka  koefisien regresi yang lebih besar dari variabel lainnya  (b = 0,347).
Secondary infections in mechanically ventilated patients with COVID-19: An overlooked matter?
Authors: Suarez-de-la-Rica Alejandro , Serrano Patricia , de-la-Oliva Rodrigo , Sánchez-Díaz Pedro , Molinero Pilar , Falces-Romero Iker , Ferrando Carlos , Rello Jordi , Maseda Emilio ,   Department of Anesthesiology and Surgical Critical Care. Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla. Santander. Spain.
Published: March 2021

Introduction. The susceptibility to infection probably increases in COVID-19 patients due to a combination of virusand drug-induced immunosuppression. The reported rate of secondary infections was quite low in previous studies. The objectives of our study were to investigate the rate of secondary infections, risk factors for secondary infections and risk factors for mortality in COVID-19 critically ill patients. Material and methods. We performed a single-center retrospective study in mechanically ventilated critically ill COVID-19 patients admitted to our Critical Care Unit (CCU). We recorded the patients’ demographic data; clinical data; microbiology data and incidence of secondary infection during CCU stay, including ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) and nosocomial bacteremia (primary and secondary). Results. A total of 107 patients with a mean age 62.2 ± 10.6 years were included. Incidence of secondary infection during CCU stay was 43.0% (46 patients), including nosocomial bacteremia (34 patients) and VAP (35 patients). Age was related to development of secondary infection (65.2 ± 7.3 vs. 59.9 ± 12.2 years, p=0.007). Age ≥ 65 years and secondary infection were independent predictors of mortality (OR=2.692, 95% CI 1.068-6.782, p<0.036; and OR=3.658, 95% CI 1.385- 9.660, p=0.009, respectively). The hazard ratio for death within 90 days in the ≥ 65 years group and in patients infected by antimicrobial resistant pathogens was 1.901 (95% CI 1.198- 3.018; p= 0.005 by log-rank test) and 1.787 (95% CI 1.023-3.122; p= 0.036 by log-rank test), respectively. Conclusions. Our data suggest that the incidence of secondary infection and infection by antimicrobial resistant pathogens is very high in critically ill patients with COVID-19 with a significant impact on prognosis.