bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Terror Management Theory and mortality awareness: A missing link in climate response studies?
Authors: Wolfe Sarah E. , Tubi Amit
Published: December 2018

Adaptation and mitigation efforts are hampered by multiple obstacles and thus lag behind climate changes' speed and scope. Some of the most powerful obstacles to climate action are the social‐psychological factors that influence human thought, preferences, and behaviors. These factors, including those articulated by environmental psychology generally, and Terror Management Theory (TMT) specifically, are neglected within climate response research. TMT underlies an extensive and well‐established literature; researchers have shown that efforts to repress one's mortality awareness, triggered when people are explicitly or implicitly reminded of their unavoidable death, influences individuals' attitudes and behavior. These psychological defenses, including denial, distraction and worldview defense, sometimes produce counter‐intuitive and potentially counter‐productive outcomes. Meanwhile, the growing global awareness and media coverage of climate change, and much scholarly research, has skewed toward negative “disaster and death” narratives. Exposure to such stimuli, highlighting climate change's potentially life‐threatening effects, may exacerbate counter‐productive responses. In this thought experiment, we propose that mortality awareness could be a critical variable that helps explain climate action at the individual and societal levels. We survey TMT insights, focusing on the relationship between mortality reminders and human responses. We then identify how climate change may lead to increased mortality awareness and consider the psychological defenses triggered by this awareness. We argue that mortality defenses may both limit and advance climate action. Finally, we set out an agenda for TMT‐climate response research and discuss the potential to advance several inquiry lines, including climate change communication, collective action and the capacity for transformational responses.

This article is categorized under:

Perceptions, Behavior, and Communication of Climate Change > Behavior Change and Responses
Stepfamily Structure and Transfers Between Generations in U.S. Families
Authors: Wiemers Emily E. , Seltzer Judith A. , Schoeni Robert F. , Hotz V. Joseph , Bianchi Suzanne M.
Published: December 2018

Unstable couple relationships and high rates of repartnering have increased the share of U.S. families with stepkin. Yet data on stepfamily structure are from earlier periods, include only coresident stepkin, or cover only older adults. In this study, we use new data on family structure and transfers in the Panel Study of Income Dynamics (PSID) to describe the prevalence and numbers of stepparents and stepchildren for adults of all ages and to characterize the relationship between having stepkin and transfers of time and money between generations, regardless of whether the kin live together. We find that having stepparents and stepchildren is very common among U.S. households, especially younger households. Furthermore, stepkin substantially increase the typical household’s family size; stepparents and stepchildren increase a household’s number of parents and adult children by nearly 40 % for married/cohabiting couples with living parents and children. However, having stepkin is associated with fewer transfers, particularly time transfers between married women and their stepparents and stepchildren. The increase in the number of family members due to stepkin is insufficient to compensate for the lower likelihood of transfers in stepfamilies. Our findings suggest that recent cohorts with more stepkin may give less time assistance to adult children and receive less time assistance from children in old age than prior generations.
Point-prevalence study of antimicrobial use in public hospitals in southern Sri Lanka identifies opportunities for improving prescribing practices
Authors: Sheng Tianchen , Wijayaratne Gaya B. , Dabrera Thushani M. , Drew Richard J. , Nagahawatte Ajith , Bodinayake Champica K. , Kurukulasooriya Ruvini , Østbye Truls , Nagaro Kristin J. , De Silva Cherin , Ranawakaarachchi Hasini , Sudarshana A. T. , Anderson Deverick J. , Woods Christopher W. , Tillekeratne L. Gayani
Published: December 2018

A point-prevalence study of antimicrobial use among inpatients at 5 public hospitals in Sri Lanka revealed that 54.6% were receiving antimicrobials: 43.1% in medical wards, 68.0% in surgical wards, and 97.6% in intensive care wards. Amoxicillin-clavulanate was most commonly used for major indications. Among patients receiving antimicrobials, 31.0% received potentially inappropriate therapy.
Domestic Acquisition Experience and the Internationalization of Chinese Firms: The Role of Institutional Heterogeneity
Authors: Muratova Yulia
Published: December 2018

The liability of foreignness increases firm risk of doing business abroad. However, it appears not to deter Chinese firms as evidenced by their risky internationalization pattern. This study is concerned with explaining this phenomenon. Drawing on organizational learning and institutional theories, I argue that institutional heterogeneity in China gives firms an opportunity to develop routines to overcome the liability of foreignness through acquisition experience gained outside of their home provinces. Further, I propose that coastal and inland firms draw different routines from their acquisition experiences. I test these arguments on panel data of listed Chinese firms, tracing their acquisition behavior from 2006 to 2015. My analyses suggest that acquisition experience outside of home province matters and that, in the case of inland firms, coastal acquisition experience facilitates subsequent internationalization. The present study contributes to the literature on the internationalization of Chinese firms. It highlights the value of context-specific measures for Chinese management research, sheds light on the functionality of institutional heterogeneity in China, and provides evidence to re-evaluate the riskiness of Chinese firms’ internationalization pattern.
Celebrity Philanthropy in China: Reconfiguring Government and Non-Government Roles in National Development
Authors: Deng Guosheng , Jeffreys Elaine
Published: December 2018

This article provides the first comprehensive analysis of the development of, and public responses to, celebrity-fronted philanthropy in the People's Republic of China. It explores the extent and nature of celebrity philanthropy with reference to a sample of mainland Chinese celebrities in entertainment and sports. It then draws on interviews conducted with employees of large charities to examine the kinds of links that are being forged between China's not-for-profit sector and commercial organizations managing the work of celebrities. Finally, it analyses the responses to a national survey on celebrity and philanthropy. We conclude that the relationship between China's government, not-for-profit and celebrity sectors is becoming more professionalized and organized. This development reveals how the roles and capacities of government are being reconfigured and expanded, even as it also enhances the scope for action and the influence of new social actors and organizations to address government-led national development issues.
Understanding the factors influencing low-income caregivers’ perceived value of a federal nutrition programme, the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants and Children (WIC)
Authors: Weber Summer Joy , Wichelecki Jana , Chavez Noel , Bess Stephanie , Reese LaShon , Odoms-Young Angela
Published: December 2018

Objective

Retention of participants has been an issue in the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC). It has been suggested that the perceived value of WIC may affect whether participants remain in the programme. The present study aimed to explore this phenomenon.

Design

Using a constructivist approach, thirty-one individual in-depth interviews were conducted. Transcripts were analysed using constant comparative analysis. Social, cultural and environmental factors that contribute to the value of WIC were explored as the phenomenon of interest.

Setting

Eight WIC clinics across the State of Illinois, USA.

Participants

Thirty-one caregivers of children enrolled in WIC for at least 6 months.

Results

Several factors influenced perceived value of WIC at the interpersonal (level of social support), clinic (value of WIC services v. programme administration issues), vendor (shopping difficulties), community and systems levels (other programme use, stigma and restrictions on food choice). Other themes existed along continua, which overlapped several levels (continuum of perceived need and perceived value of infant formula).

Conclusions

Many caregivers value WIC, especially before their child turns 1 year old. Improvements are needed at the clinic, during shopping and within the food packages themselves in order to increase perceived value of WIC.
Unequal Positions: A Relational Approach to Racial Inequality Trends in the US States, 1940–2010
Authors: Bruch Sarah K. , Rosenthal Aaron J. , Soss Joe
Published: December 2018

Racial inequality remains a painful and central feature of daily life in the United States. Yet few would deny that decades of political struggle have transformed the nation’s racial landscape. In this article, we seek to advance long-standing sociological efforts to disentangle this braiding of persistence and change. Specifically, we intervene in two ways designed to build on national studies of inequality trends for black and white Americans. First, by shifting measurement to the state level, we reveal distinctive subnational trajectories and dynamics of convergence that have been obscured by the field’s emphasis on aggregate national trends. Second, by drawing on relational theories of boundaries and positions, we develop a new empirical strategy for measuring racial inequalities over time. Identifying two key analytic dimensions (exclusion and subordination), we analyze the relative positions of whites and blacks in two domains (work and housing) across the decades from 1940 to 2010. Our results suggest that racial inequalities rooted in boundary-based dynamics of social closure (exclusion) proved far more durable than inequalities tied to inferior positions alone (subordination). Moreover, we find evidence of a significant nationalization of racial relations, with subnational units converging on a more uniform structure of racialized relations over time. We conclude that the period from 1940 to 2010 was marked by a “consolidation” of racial exclusion (i.e., convergence around relatively stable levels of inequality) paired with the comparatively greater “equalization” of racial subordination (i.e., stronger convergence around more substantial declines).
Construct Validity and Population-Based Norms of the German Brief Resilience Scale (BRS)
Authors: Kunzler Angela M. , Chmitorz Andrea , Bagusat Christiana , Kaluza Antonia J. , Hoffmann Isabell , Schäfer Markus , Quiring Oliver , Rigotti Thomas , Kalisch Raffael , Tüscher Oliver , Franke Andreas G. , van Dick Rolf , Lieb Klaus
Published: December 2018

Abstract. The Brief Resilience Scale (BRS) measures the ability to recover from stress. To provide further evidence for construct validity of the German BRS and to determine population-based norms, a large sample (N = 1,128) representative of the German adult population completed a survey including the BRS and instruments measuring perceived stress and the resilience factors optimism, self-efficacy, and locus of control. Confirmatory factor analyses showed best model fit for a five-factor model differentiating the ability to recover from stress from the three resilience factors. On the basis of latent and manifest correlations, convergent and discriminant validity of the BRS were fair to good. Female sex, older age, lower weekly working time, higher perceived stress, lower optimism, and self-efficacy as well as higher external locus of control predicted lower BRS scores, that is, lower ability to recover from stress.
Wavelet Compression Performance of MMS/FPI Plasma Count Data with Plasma Environment
Authors: Barrie A. C. , Smith D. L. , Elkington S. R. , Sternovsky Z. , da Silva D. , Giles B. L. , Schiff C.
Published: December 2018

The Fast Plasma Investigation (Pollock et al., , https://doi.org/10.1007/s11214-016-0245-4; FPI) onboard the Magnetospheric Multiscale mission (Burch, Moore, et al., , https://doi.org/10.1007/s11214-015-0164-9; MMS) uses a discrete wavelet transform and bit plane encoder (DWT/BPE; Winterrowd et al., , https://doi.org/10.1109/AERO.2010.5446664) for data compression. This is the first plasma spectrometer suite to use this method of compression and thus serves as a benchmark for future plasma spectrometers. Flight data from MMS confirm viability of this compression algorithm in large areas of the magnetosphere. Because much of the FPI data were compressed losslessly on orbit, this flight data can be used as seed data to investigate performance of the DWT/BPE‐based compression at increased rates of compression. In this study, data from several representative regions of the magnetosphere have been compressed to increasingly small sizes and the resulting error was analyzed. Wavelet‐based compression is shown to be effective in all regions of the magnetosphere and solar wind for plasma count data, with performance varying with local environment. Specifically, plasma distributions that are characterized by low temperature and/or low density are compressed better leading to excellent performance in plasma regions such as solar wind and the magnetosheath. In general, ion data are compressed better than electron data, primarily due to a higher drift velocity of ions relative to their thermal speed and lower count rates. DWT/BPE compression can therefore be recommended for future instruments measuring count data in Earth's magnetosphere and in solar wind.
Introducing the New Editor-in-Chief of JGR: Earth Surface
Authors: East Amy
Published: December 2018

Find out who is taking over the helm of JGR: Earth Surface and her plans for taking the journal forward in the coming years.
Control of Treg cell homeostasis and immune equilibrium by Lkb1 in dendritic cells
Authors: Chen Song , Fang Lijun , Guo Wei , Zhou Yushan , Yu Gang , Li Wenwen , Dong Kui , Liu Jingru , Luo Yuechen , Wang Bing , Li Zhonglong , Zhao Chunxiao , Sun Zhina , Shen Yue , Leng Qibing , Zhou Dongming , Han Zhongchao , Huang Huifang , Ren He , Xu Guogang , Feng Xiaoming
Published: December 2018

To balance immunity and tolerance, the endogenous pool of Foxp3+ regulatory T (Treg) cells is tightly controlled, but the underlying mechanisms of this control remain poorly understood. Here we show that the number of Treg cells is negatively regulated by the kinase Lkb1 in dendritic cells (DCs). Conditional knockout of the Lkb1 gene in DCs leads to excessive Treg cell expansion in multiple organs and dampens antigen-specific T cell immunity. Lkb1-deficient DCs are capable of enhancing, compared with wild-type DCs, Treg cell proliferation via cell-cell contact involving the IKK/IKBα-independent activation of the NF-κB/OX40L pathway. Intriguingly, treating wild-type mice with lipopolysaccharide selectively depletes Lkb1 protein in DCs, resulting in Treg cell expansion and suppressed inflammatory injury upon subsequent challenge. Loss of Lkb1 does not obviously upregulate proinflammatory molecules expression on DCs. We thus identify Lkb1 as a regulatory switch in DCs for controlling Treg cell homeostasis, immune response and tolerance.
Intron-containing RNA from the HIV-1 provirus activates type I interferon and inflammatory cytokines
Authors: McCauley Sean Matthew , Kim Kyusik , Nowosielska Anetta , Dauphin Ann , Yurkovetskiy Leonid , Diehl William Edward , Luban Jeremy
Published: December 2018

HIV-1-infected people who take drugs that suppress viremia to undetectable levels are protected from developing AIDS. Nonetheless, HIV-1 establishes proviruses in long-lived CD4+ memory T cells, and perhaps other cell types, that preclude elimination of the virus even after years of continuous antiviral therapy. Here we show that the HIV-1 provirus activates innate immune signaling in isolated dendritic cells, macrophages, and CD4+ T cells. Immune activation requires transcription from the HIV-1 provirus and expression of CRM1-dependent, Rev-dependent, RRE-containing, unspliced HIV-1 RNA. If rev is provided in trans, all HIV-1 coding sequences are dispensable for activation except those cis-acting sequences required for replication or splicing. Our results indicate that the complex, post-transcriptional regulation intrinsic to HIV-1 RNA is detected by the innate immune system as a danger signal, and that drugs which disrupt HIV-1 transcription or HIV-1 RNA metabolism would add qualitative benefit to current antiviral drug regimens.
Monitoring drug nanocarriers in human blood by near-infrared fluorescence correlation spectroscopy
Authors: Negwer Inka , Best Andreas , Schinnerer Meike , Schäfer Olga , Capeloa Leon , Wagner Manfred , Schmidt Manfred , Mailänder Volker , Helm Mark , Barz Matthias , Butt Hans-Jürgen , Koynov Kaloian
Published: December 2018

Nanocarrier-based drug delivery is a promising therapeutic approach that offers unique possibilities for the treatment of various diseases. However, inside the blood stream, nanocarriers’ properties may change significantly due to interactions with proteins, aggregation, decomposition or premature loss of cargo. Thus, a method for precise, in situ characterization of drug nanocarriers in blood is needed. Here we show how the fluorescence correlation spectroscopy that is a well-established method for measuring the size, loading efficiency and stability of drug nanocarriers in aqueous solutions can be used to directly characterize drug nanocarriers in flowing blood. As the blood is not transparent for visible light and densely crowded with cells, we label the nanocarriers or their cargo with near-infrared fluorescent dyes and fit the experimental autocorrelation functions with an analytical model accounting for the presence of blood cells. The developed methodology contributes towards quantitative understanding of the in vivo behavior of nanocarrier-based therapeutics.
In vitro dissolution behavior of hydrogenated amorphous silicon thin-film transistors
Authors: Tian Yuan , Flewitt Andrew J. , Canham Leigh T. , Coffer Jeffery L.
Published: December 2018

Recent developments in biodegradable nanostructured crystalline silicon and flexible silicon-based electronic devices raise the significant question of the stability of standard amorphous silicon transistor platforms in biologically relevant environments. In this work, we evaluate the biodegradation of hydrogenated amorphous silicon thin film transistors. Specifically, using a combination of gravimetric analysis, optical imaging, and X-ray fluorescence, we investigate the fundamental stability of a simple hydrogenated amorphous silicon thin film transistor structure immersed in phosphate-buffered saline at physiological temperature (37 °C). In addition to the possible galvanic influence of associated metal electrodes in the degradation of such devices, implications for future device platforms are also discussed.
A yellow fever–Zika chimeric virus vaccine candidate protects against Zika infection and congenital malformations in mice
Authors: Kum Dieudonné B. , Mishra Niraj , Boudewijns Robbert , Gladwyn-Ng Ivan , Alfano Christian , Ma Ji , Schmid Michael A. , Marques Rafael E. , Schols Dominique , Kaptein Suzanne , Nguyen Laurent , Neyts Johan , Dallmeier Kai
Published: December 2018

The recent Zika virus (ZIKV) epidemic in the Americas led to an intense search for therapeutics and vaccines. Here we report the engineering of a chimeric virus vaccine candidate (YF-ZIKprM/E) by replacing the antigenic surface glycoproteins and the capsid anchor of YFV-17D with those of a prototypic Asian lineage ZIKV isolate. By intracellular passaging, a variant with adaptive mutations in the E protein was obtained. Unlike YFV-17D, YF-ZIKprM/E replicates poorly in mosquito cells. Also, YF-ZIKprM/E does not cause disease nor mortality in interferon α/β, and γ receptor KO AG129 mice nor following intracranial inoculation of BALB/c pups. A single dose as low as 1 × 102 PFU results, as early as 7 days post vaccination, in seroconversion to neutralizing antibodies and confers full protection in AG129 mice against stringent challenge with a lethal inoculum (105 LD50) of either homologous or heterologous ZIKV strains. Induction of multi-functional CD4+ and CD8+ T cell responses against ZIKV structural and YFV-17D non-structural proteins indicates that cellular immunity may also contribute to protection. Vaccine immunogenicity and protection was confirmed in other mouse strains, including after temporal blockade of interferon-receptors in wild-type mice to facilitate ZIKV replication. Vaccination of wild-type NMRI dams with YF-ZIKprM/E results in complete protection of foetuses against brain infections and malformations following a stringent intraplacental challenge with an epidemic ZIKV strain. The particular characteristic of YF-ZIKprM/E in terms of efficacy and its marked attenuation in mice warrants further exploration as a vaccine candidate.
Molecular evolution of juvenile hormone esterase-like proteins in a socially exchanged fluid
Authors: LeBoeuf Adria C. , Cohanim Amir B. , Stoffel Céline , Brent Colin S. , Waridel Patrice , Privman Eyal , Keller Laurent , Benton Richard
Published: December 2018

Socially exchanged fluids are a direct means by which an organism can influence conspecifics. It was recently shown that when workers of the carpenter antCamponotus floridanusfeed larval offspring via trophallaxis, they transfer Juvenile Hormone III (JH), a key developmental regulator, as well as paralogs of JH esterase (JHE), an enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of JH. Here we combine proteomic, phylogenetic and selection analyses to investigate the evolution of this esterase subfamily. We show thatCamponotusJHE-like proteins have undergone multiple duplications, experienced positive selection, and changed tissue localization to become abundantly and selectively present in trophallactic fluid. TheCamponotustrophallactic esterases have maintained their catalytic triads and contain a number of positively-selected amino acid changes distributed throughout the protein, which possibly reflect an adaptation to the highly acidic trophallactic fluid of formicine ants. To determine whether these esterases might regulate larval development, we fed workers with a JHE-specific pharmacological inhibitor to introduce it into the trophallactic network. This inhibitor increased the likelihood of pupation of the larvae reared by these workers, similar to the influence of food supplementation with JH. Together, these findings suggest that JHE-like proteins have evolved a new role in the inter-individual regulation of larval development in theCamponotusgenus.
Author Correction: Correction-free force calibration for magnetic tweezers experiments
Authors: Ostrofet Eugen , Papini Flávia Stal , Dulin David
Published: December 2018

A correction to this article has been published and is linked from the HTML and PDF versions of this paper. The error has been fixed in the paper.
Predictors of developing Mycobacterium kansasii pulmonary disease within 1 year among patients with single isolation in multiple sputum samples: A retrospective, longitudinal, multicentre study
Authors: Huang Hung-Ling , Cheng Meng-Hsuan , Lu Po-Liang , Liu Chia-Jung , Chong Inn-Wen , Wang Jann-Yuan
Published: December 2018

The clinical significance of a single Mycobacterium kansasii (MK) isolation in multiple sputum samples remains unknown. We conducted this study to evaluate the outcome and predictors of developing MK-pulmonary disease (PD) within 1 year among these patients. Patients with a single MK isolation from ≥3 sputum samples collected within 3 months and ≥2 follow-up sputum samples and chest radiography in the subsequent 9 months between 2008 and 2016 were included. The primary outcome was development of MK-PD within 1 year, with its predictors explored using multivariate logistic regression analysis. A total of 83 cases of a single MK isolation were identified. The mean age was 68.9 ± 17.9, with a male/female ratio of 1.96. Within 1 year, 16 (19%) cases progressed to MK-PD; risk factors included high acid-fast smear (AFS) grade (≥3), elementary occupation workers, and initial radiographic score >6, whereas coexistence with other nontuberculous mycobacterium species was protective. Among patients who developed MK-PD, all experienced radiographic progression, and 44% died within 1 year. Although a single MK isolation does not fulfil the diagnostic criteria of MK-PD, this disease may develop if having above-mentioned risk factors. Early anti-MK treatment should be considered for high-risk patients.
The cotton HD-Zip transcription factor GhHB12 regulates flowering time and plant architecture via the GhmiR157-GhSPL pathway
Authors: He Xin , Wang Tianyi , Xu Zheng , Liu Nian , Wang Lichen , Hu Qin , Luo Xiangyin , Zhang Xianlong , Zhu Longfu
Published: December 2018

Domestication converts perennial and photoperiodic ancestral cotton to day-neutral cotton varieties, and the selection of short-season cotton varieties is one of the major objectives of cotton breeding. However, little is known about the mechanism of flowering time in cotton. Here, we report a cotton HD-ZIP I-class transcription factor (GhHB12) specifically expressed in axillary buds, which antagonisticlly interacts with GhSPL10/13 to repress the expression of GhFT, GhFUL, and GhSOC1, resulting in bushy architecture and delayed flowering under long-day conditions. We found that GhHB12-mediated ancestral upland cotton phenotypes (bushy architecture and delayed flowering) could be rescued under short-day conditions. We showed that overexpressing of GhrSPL10 partially rescues the bushy architecture and delayed flowering phenotypes, while overexpression of GhmiR157 reinforced these phenotypes in GhHB12-overexpressing plants. This study defines a regulatory module which regulates cotton architecture, phase transition and could be applied in the breeding of early maturing cotton varieties.
Strong defocusing of molecular reaction times results from an interplay of geometry and reaction control
Authors: Grebenkov Denis S. , Metzler Ralf , Oshanin Gleb
Published: December 2018

Textbook concepts of diffusion-versus kinetic-control are well-defined for reaction-kinetics involving macroscopic concentrations of diffusive reactants that are adequately described by rate-constants—the inverse of the mean-first-passage-time to the reaction-event. In contradiction, an open important question is whether the mean-first-passage-time alone is a sufficient measure for biochemical reactions that involve nanomolar reactant concentrations. Here, using a simple yet generic, exactly solvable model we study the effect of diffusion and chemical reaction-limitations on the full reaction-time distribution. We show that it has a complex structure with four distinct regimes delineated by three characteristic time scales spanning a window of several decades. Consequently, the reaction-times are defocused: no unique time-scale characterises the reaction-process, diffusion- and kinetic-control can no longer be disentangled, and it is imperative to know the full reaction-time distribution. We introduce the concepts of geometry- and reaction-control, and also quantify each regime by calculating the corresponding reaction depth.
Development of a novel wavelength selection method for the trace determination of chlorpyrifos on Au@Ag NPs substrate coupled surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy
Authors: Zhu Jiaji , Ahmad Waqas , Xu Yi , Liu Shuangshuang , Chen Quansheng , Hassan Md. Mehedi , Ouyang Qin
Published: December 2018

A novel wavelength selection method named ICPA-mRMR coupled SERS was employed for the detection of CPS residues in tea samples.
Access to divalent lanthanide NHC complexes by redox-transmetallation from silver and CO2 insertion reactions
Authors: Simler Thomas , Feuerstein Thomas J. , Yadav Ravi , Gamer Michael T. , Roesky Peter W.
Published: December 2018

Divalent NHC–lanthanide complexes were obtained by redox-transmetallation. Treatment with CO2 led to insertion reactions without oxidation of the metal centre.
THz spectroscopy of weakly bound cluster molecules in solid para-hydrogen: a sensitive probe of van der Waals interactions
Authors: Mihrin D. , Wugt Larsen R.
Published: December 2018

The present work demonstrates that 99.9% enriched solid para-H2 below 3 K provides an excellent inert and transparent medium for the exploration of large-amplitude intermolecular vibrational motion of weakly bound van der Waals cluster molecules in the THz spectral region.
Mechanisms of photoreactivity in hydrogen-bonded adenine–H2O complexes
Authors: Wu Xiuxiu , Ehrmaier Johannes , Sobolewski Andrzej L. , Karsili Tolga N. V. , Domcke Wolfgang
Published: December 2018

The mechanisms of photoinduced reactions of adenine with water molecules in hydrogen-bonded adenine–water complexes were investigated with ab initio wave-function-based electronic-structure calculations.
Optimizing oxygen functional groups in graphene quantum dots for improved antioxidant mechanism
Authors: Wang Yingmin , Kong Wenhui , Wang Lifeng , Zhang Jin Zhong , Li Yan , Liu Xiaoguang , Li Yong
Published: December 2018

The development of new antioxidants with quick absorbance of free radicals and excellent biocompatibility has drawn intensive attention in recent years.
Deep eutectic solvents as extraction media for metal salts and oxides exemplarily shown for phosphates from incinerated sewage sludge ash
Authors: Söldner Anika , Zach Julia , König Burkhard
Published: December 2018

Deep eutectic solvents (DESs) based on natural products can be used as selective extraction media for a wide variety of metal salts and oxides and specifically for phosphates from incinerated sewage sludge ash (ISSA).
Evaluation of three different sample introduction systems for single-particle inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (spICP-MS) applications
Authors: Lin Fang-hsin , Miyashita Shin-ichi , Inagaki Kazumi , Liu Yi-Hung , Hsu I-Hsiang
Published: December 2018

For spICP-MS applications, HPCN-APEX is a superior sample introduction system in comparison with the conventional system and total consumption system.
Digital nanoliter to milliliter flow rate sensor with in vivo demonstration for continuous sweat rate measurement
Authors: Francis Jessica , Stamper Isaac , Heikenfeld Jason , Gomez Eliot F.
Published: December 2018

A digital flowmetry sensor is fabricated with low limit of detection and wide dynamic range, that is suitable for lab-on-chip or wearable sweat sensing systems.
Crystallographic and SAR analyses reveal the high requirements needed to selectively and potently inhibit SIRT2 deacetylase and decanoylase
Authors: Yang Ling-Ling , Xu Wei , Yan Jie , Su Hui-Lin , Yuan Chen , Li Chao , Zhang Xing , Yu Zhu-Jun , Yan Yu-Hang , Yu Yamei , Chen Qiang , Wang Zhouyu , Li Lin , Qian Shan , Li Guo-Bo
Published: December 2018

A high-quality X-ray crystal structure reveals the mechanism of compound 1a inhibiting SIRT2 deacetylase and decanoylase.
Cu(0) nanoparticle-decorated functionalized reduced graphene oxide sheets as artificial peroxidase enzymes: application for colorimetric detection of Cr(vi) ions
Authors: Borthakur Priyakshree , Boruah Purna K. , Das Manash R. , Szunerits Sabine , Boukherroub Rabah
Published: December 2018

Graphene oxide sheets were functionalized by a “click” chemistry approach which was utilized for the decoration of Cu(0) nanoparticles for sensitive colorimetric detection of Cr(vi) ions.
One-way and two-way shape memory effects of a high-strain cis-1,4-polybutadiene–polyethylene copolymer based dynamic network via self-complementary quadruple hydrogen bonding
Authors: Yang Qi , Zheng Wenjie , Zhao Wenpeng , Peng Chuang , Ren Juntao , Yu Qizhou , Hu Yanming , Zhang Xuequan
Published: December 2018

A polymer network based on a cis-1,4-polybutadiene–polyethylene copolymer exhibits multi- and two-way shape memory effects as well as a high-strain capacity.
Conversion of levulinic acid to γ-valerolactone over Ru/Al2O3–TiO2 catalyst under mild conditions
Authors: Wang Ruifeng , Chen Lungang , Zhang Xinghua , Zhang Qi , Li Yuping , Wang Chenguang , Ma Longlong
Published: December 2018

Novel catalytic material with high catalytic activity and hydrothermal stability plays a key role in the efficient conversion of levulinic acid (LA) to γ-valerolactone (GVL) in water.
Two-stage mass spectrometry approach for the analysis of triterpenoid glycosides in Fagonia indica
Authors: Kanwal Nayab , Siddiqui Amna Jabbar , Haq Faraz Ul , El-Seedi Hesham R. , Musharraf Syed Ghulam
Published: December 2018

Development of a rapid, accurate, precise, and effective method for the analysis and quantification of saponins in crude extracts from Fagonia indica.
Boosting the ORR performance of modified carbon black via C–O bonds
Authors: Ouyang Chen , Ni Bing , Sun Zhaoyang , Zhuang Jing , Xiao Hai , Wang Xun
Published: December 2018

Carbon black is a kind of material that is simple to obtain and inexpensive. We have obtained a series of materials with high oxygen reduction catalytic activity through simple modification of carbon black, and at the same time explored the mechanism of catalytic reduction of oxygen in such materials. Such features guarantee that the catalysts can greatly reduce the costs and provide promising potential in HEMFC applications.
Self-floating hybrid hydrogels assembled with conducting polymer hollow spheres and silica aerogel microparticles for solar steam generation
Authors: Tan Mengyao , Wang Jin , Song Wenhui , Fang Jianhui , Zhang Xuetong
Published: December 2018

Self-floating polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) based hybrid hydrogels for efficient solar steam generation with a highest production rate of 1.83 kg m−2 h−1 under 1 sun illumination are designed and synthesized by assembling conducting polymer hollow spheres and aerogel microparticles within the network.
Achieving traceless ablation of solid tumors without recurrence by mild photothermal-chemotherapy of triple stimuli-responsive polymer–drug conjugate nanoparticles
Authors: Du Chang , Ding Yue , Qian Jiwen , Zhang Rong , Dong Chang-Ming
Published: December 2018

We put forward an innovative strategy to leverage hyperthermia and a high drug-loading capacity for mild PT-CT, which achieved traceless ablation of solid MCF-7 tumors without recurrence within 50 days.
A multifunctional polymeric gene delivery system for circumventing biological barriers
Authors: Zhu Huajie , An Jinxia , Pang Chengcai , Chen Shuai , Li Wei , Liu Jinbiao , Chen Qixian , Gao Hui
Published: December 2018

Crucial light-controlled-ROS and pH-stimulus-responsive functionalities are tailored into a triblock copolymer for manufacture of gene delivery vehicles.
Growth, morphology and structure of mixed pentacene films
Authors: Lubert-Perquel Daphné , Kim Dong Kuk , Robaschik Peter , Kay Christopher W. M. , Heutz Sandrine
Published: December 2018

This work investigates the evolution of structure and morphology of pure and co-evaporated thin films, as a function of pentacene concentration in a solid host of p-terphenyl.
A broadband spectral analysis of 4U 1702-429 using XMM-Newton and BeppoSAX data
Authors: Mazzola S. M. , Iaria R. , Di Salvo T. , Del Santo M. , Sanna A. , Gambino A. F. , Riggio A. , Segreto A. , Burderi L. , Santangelo A. , D’Amico N.
Published: December 2018

Context. Most of the X-ray binary systems containing neutron stars classified as Atoll sources show two different spectral states, referred to as soft and hard. Moreover, a large number of these systems show a reflection component relativistically smeared in their spectra, which provides information on the innermost region of the system.

Aims. Our aim is to investigate the poorly studied broadband spectrum of the low-mass X-ray binary system 4U 1702-429, which was recently analysed combining XMM-Newton and INTEGRAL data. The peculiar value of the reflection fraction brought us to analyse further broadband spectra of 4U 1702-429.

Methods. We re-analysed the spectrum of the XMM-Newton/INTEGRAL observation of 4U 1702-429 in the 0.3–60 keV energy range and we extracted three 0.1–100 keV spectra of the source analysing three observations collected with the BeppoSAX satellite.

Results. We find that the XMM-Newton/INTEGRAL spectrum is well fitted using a model composed of a disc blackbody plus a Comptonised component and a smeared reflection component. We used the same spectral model for the BeppoSAX spectra, finding that the addition of a smeared reflection component is statistically significant. The best-fit values of the parameters are compatible to each other for the BeppoSAX spectra. We find that the reflection fraction is 0.05−0.01+0.3 for the XMM-Newton/INTEGRAL spectrum and between 0.15 and 0.4 for the BeppoSAX ones.

Conclusions. The relative reflection fraction and the ionisation parameter are incompatible between the XMM-Newton/INTEGRAL and the BeppoSAX observations and the characteristics of the Comptonising corona suggest that the source was in a soft state in the former observation and in a hard state in the latter.
OSSOS
Authors: Cabral Nahuel , Guilbert-Lepoutre Aurélie , Fraser Wesley C. , Marsset Michaël , Volk Kathryn , Petit Jean-Marc , Rousselot Philippe , Alexandersen Mike , Bannister Michele T. , Chen Ying-Tung , Gladman Brett , Gwyn Stephen D. J. , Kavelaars John J.
Published: December 2018

Context. Centaurs are icy objects in transition between the trans-Neptunian region and the inner solar system, orbiting the Sun in the giant planet region. Some centaurs display cometary activity, which cannot be sustained by the sublimation of water ice in this part of the solar system, and has been hypothesized to be due to the crystallization of amorphous water ice.

Aims. In this work, we investigate centaurs discovered by the Outer Solar System Origins Survey (OSSOS) and search for cometary activity. Tentative detections would improve understanding of the origins of activity among these objects.

Methods. We search for comae and structures by fitting and subtracting both point spread functions and trailed point-spread functions from the OSSOS images of each centaur. When available, Col-OSSOS images were used to search also for comae.

Results. No cometary activity is detected in the OSSOS sample. We track the recent orbital evolution of each new centaur to confirm that none would actually be predicted to be active, and we provide size estimates for the objects.

Conclusions. The addition of 20 OSSOS objects to the population of ~250 known centaurs is consistent with the currently understood scenario, in which drastic drops in perihelion distance induce changes in the thermal balance prone to trigger cometary activity in the giant planet region.
A uniform spatial allocation strategy in solving water resources optimization dispatch problem
Authors: Sun Jiahui , Lei Xiaohui , Liang Ji , Wang Chao , Men Liang
Published: December 2018

Along with social economy development, the total water consumption increased year by year. The conflicts between water supply and water consumption is growing. Water resources optimization dispatch, which is used to allocate water resources to meet the demand of water user on both time scale and spatial scale, plays an important role in water resources management. Aiming at improving the spatial allocation ability of traditional optimization algorithms, a uniform spatial allocation strategy is proposed accordingly. The proposed method is used to improve the performance of optimization algorithm to obtain solutions which can uniform the water supply in spatial scale. Simulation results show that the maximum ratio of water deficiency gained by the proposed method is smaller than that obtained by the original algorithm. The proposed method is effective to balance the demand of water users in spatial scale.

Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Selection and peer-review under responsibility of the scientific committee of the 10th International Conference on Applied Energy (ICAE2018).
Research on the water hammer protection of the air vessel caused by underground pipe burst in long distance water supply system
Authors: Wang Xingtao , Zhang Jian , Yu Xiaodong , Shi Lin
Published: December 2018

The conventional air vessel installation is usually installed behind the check valve at the upstream end of the pipeline to effectively control the water hammer pressure due to pump trip. However, the water hammer pressure caused by underground pipe burst has been neglected. The water hammer protection of air vessel due to pipe burst in long distance water supply system was discussed in this paper. According to analysis of the process of the pipe burst, the mathematical model of underground pipe burst and air vessel were established. A new air vessel installation that was installed in the middle of the pipeline was proposed. The new air vessel installation was simulated by method of characteristics. Then it was compared with the conventional air vessel when the pump trip and the pipe burst occur respectively. The results show that both the conventional air vessel and the new air vessel can effectively protect the water hammer duo to the pump trip. Moreover, when pipe burst occurs, the conventional air vessel cannot achieve the safe operation of the long distance water supply system. However, under the same air vessel type parameters, the new air vessel installation can effectively protect the water hammer pressure.
Physical and virtual water transfers and the impacts on regional ecosystem quality and resources
Authors: Liu Jing , Wang Yubao , Luan Xiaobo , Yu Zhongbo
Published: December 2018

The environmental impacts analysis for water transfers are lacking. In this study, the impacts on ecosystem equality and resources due to physical and virtual water transfers were evaluated for the Hetao irrigation district, China. Results indicate: about 4.50×109 m3 of water transferred from the Yellow River to the Hetao irrigation district during 2001-2010 and 2.92×109 m3 water was flowed out from this district virtually simultaneously. The impacts of physical, virtual and net water inflow on ecosystem quality were 1.33×109 m2·yr (positive), 867.60×106 m2·yr (negative) and 465.70×106 m2·yr (positive). The impacts on resources were 28.16×109 MJ (positive) for physical water, 18.26×109 MJ (negative) for virtual water and 9.89×109 MJ (positive) for net water transfer. The environmental influences were more significant for middle areas. The flows of physical and virtual water have increased water stress in some already water scare regions. The increase of physical water flow-in in this district would be difficult due to high financial cost, while the increase of virtual water flow-in could be possible measures to relieve environmental influences. However, others factors such as the social or economic factors should also be considered
A Research Overview of the Siltation Loss Controls and Capacity Recovery Processes in China’s Reservoirs
Authors: Hu H H , Deng A J , Chen J G , Shi H L , Ye M
Published: December 2018

There are many reservoirs in China with serious siltation issues which are affecting the function and safety of the reservoirs. Recently, research studies have been carried out regarding siltation loss control and capacity recovery technology due to the decreases in suitable dam sites for establishing reservoirs, and the increasingly serious siltation losses which have been occurring in the present reservoirs. The results of these studies have been of great significance to the partial recoveries of the siltation capacities of reservoirs, improvements in the respective efficiencies of the current reservoirs, and the prolonging of the service life the reservoirs. This study presented a simple review of the previous research findings regarding the current siltation loss situations and controls, as well as the capacity recoveries which have been achieved. Also, this study proposed the urgent need for in-depth examinations to be conducted pertaining to the national investigations of the reservoir siltation status in China, as well as a review of the current mechanisms and control measures for reservoir siltation losses.
Spatial Variability Pattern of Hyporheic Exchange in a braided River
Authors: Wu Guangdong , Zhang Xiao , Xu Jijun
Published: December 2018

The streambed flux is variable in space; the spatial variability results in part from bedforms, but few works on streambed fluxes in channels with strongly abrupt varying bedforms are carried out. Heat as a tracer to delineate the streambed flux pattern has been widely adopted in numerous fields. In this paper, a braided channel with complicated topography was selected as study site, where the temperature was monitored. One-dimensional (1-D) analytical method based on the amplitude attenuation (Ar) and 1-D numerical method were used to interpret the temperature. As a result, streambed fluxes of a total of 50 sites in the braided channel are obtained. From the results we can know the magnitude and direction of streamed flow velocity are spatially variable, even within a 1-m distance. Then, this study summarizes five bedform-driven flux patterns: ① downward flow driven by the head difference between groundwater and stream, ② downward flow related to a meter-scale pool, ③ a transition from upward to downward flow associated with a centimeter-scale riffle, ④ horizontal flow in braided bars and ⑤ upward flow driven by vegetation roots. Overall, multiple physical mechanisms together contributed to the complex streambed flow system, which reflected great challenges for the scaling up of point-in-space seepage flux.
Research on the impact of upstream reservoirs regulation on the operation of Xiluodu Reservoir
Authors: Liang Zhiming , Fengxian Gao , Hairong Zhang , Yufeng Ren , Yao Xiao
Published: December 2018

In order to explore the influence of reservoirs regulation in the upper basin of Xiluodu Reservoir, 11 key reservoirs in the upper reaches of Xiluodu Reservoir are studied. Based on the analysis of its overall regulation performance, the data of upstream reservoir group from 2006 to 2016 is used to analyze the impact of the upstream reservoir group. By dividing scheduling period of Xiluodu Reservoir into different stages, the impact of each stage and the proportion of impacts of each river basin is analyzed, the degree of impact of each basin is clarified. The results reveals that the upstream reservoir group storage accounts for about 20% of the inflow of Xiluodu Reservoir, which can contribute to the actual dispatching work of Xiluodu Reservoir.
Dynamic change of water level in flood season and sediment regulation in the Three Gorges Reservoir
Authors: Zhou Man , Xiao Yangfan , Fang Chunming , Hu Ting
Published: December 2018

Based on the operation requirements of flood control, navigation, power generation, flood resource utilization and sediment reduction, this paper developed the schemes with dynamic change of water level at different periods in flood season, and focused on the response relationship between the different schemes with dynamic change of water level in flood season and the change of sediment erosion under the new water and sediment and the measured water and sediment conditions. The results indicate that the total sedimentation volume and the sedimentation volume above elevation 145m are basically about twice that of the new water and sediment series, since the amount of sand entering the reservoir in 2003-2012 is basically twice that of the new flow water and sediment series. Regardless of the type of water and sediment series, the scheme with dynamic change of water level is better than the preliminary design expectation in terms of reservoir siltation and storage capacity loss.