bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Interdecadal Changes in the Relationship between ENSO, EAWM, and the Wintertime Precipitation over China at the End of the Twentieth Century
Authors: Jia Xiaojing , Ge Jingwen
Published: December 2016

The current study investigates the interdecadal changes in the relationship between the winter precipitation anomalies in southeastern China, El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO), and the East Asian winter monsoon (EAWM) at the end of the twentieth century. It appears that the relationships between the interannual variability of the southeastern China winter precipitation and ENSO as well as EAWM are obviously weakened after 1998/99. The possible mechanisms accounting for this interdecadal change in the relationship have been examined by dividing the data into two subperiods [1980–98 (P1) and 1999–2015 (P2)]. The results indicate that, without the linear contribution of EAWM, ENSO only play a limited role in the variability of winter precipitation in southeastern China in both subperiods. In contrast, in P1, corresponding to an ENSO-independent weaker-than-normal EAWM, anomalous southerlies along coastal southeastern China associated with an anticyclone over the northwestern Pacific transport water vapor to China. However, in P2 the impact of EAWM on winter precipitation in southeastern China is weakened because of the regime shift of EAWM. The EAWM-related positive SLP anomalies over the North Pacific move eastward in P2, causing an eastward migration of the associated anomalous southerlies along its western flank and therefore cannot significantly contribute to the positive winter precipitation anomalies in southeastern China.
Understanding the Variations of the Length and the Seasonal Rainfall Anomalies of the Indian Summer Monsoon
Authors: Misra Vasubandhu , Bhardwaj Amit , Noska Ryne
Published: December 2016

The canonical relationship between the length and the total seasonal rainfall anomalies of the Indian summer monsoon (ISM) is the association of the longer (shorter) season with wetter (drier) seasonal rainfall anomalies. This study shows that such canonical behavior is clearly associated with relatively strong ENSO SST anomalies in the eastern equatorial Pacific Ocean that appear in the boreal summer and fall seasons. The noncanonical relationship is caused by a longer (shorter) season associated with drier (wetter) ISM seasonal rainfall anomalies. A majority of these noncanonical seasons, with anomalously short season length but anomalously high seasonal mean rain, tend to occur under relatively weak La Niña forcing during the boreal summer season. Although the onset of such seasons occurs through canonical ENSO forcing of a large-scale meridional temperature gradient, the demise is dictated by the depletion of moist static energy from the underlying cooling of the upper ocean in the northern Indian Ocean. This is due to stronger meridional Ekman ocean heat transport forced by the stronger low-level atmospheric southwesterlies than those in the corresponding canonical wet ISM season.
Forecasting the Hydroclimatic Signature of the 2015/16 El Niño Event on the Western United States
Authors: Wanders N. , Bachas A. , He X. G. , Huang H. , Koppa A. , Mekonnen Z. T. , Pagán B. R. , Peng L. Q. , Vergopolan N. , Wang K. J. , Xiao M. , Zhan S. , Lettenmaier D. P. , Wood E. F.
Published: December 2016

Dry conditions in 2013–16 in much of the western United States were responsible for severe drought and led to an exceptional fire season in the Pacific Northwest in 2015. Winter 2015/16 was forecasted to relieve drought in the southern portion of the region as a result of increased precipitation due to a very strong El Niño signal. A student forecasting challenge is summarized in which forecasts of winter hydroclimate across the western United States were made on 1 January 2016 for the winter hydroclimate using several dynamical and statistical forecast methods. They show that the precipitation forecasts had a large spread and none were skillful, while anomalously high observed temperatures were forecasted with a higher skill and precision. The poor forecast performance, particularly for precipitation, is traceable to high uncertainty in the North American Multi-Model Ensemble (NMME) forecast, which appears to be related to the inability of the models to predict an atmospheric blocking pattern over the region. It is found that strong El Niño sensitivities in dynamical models resulted in an overprediction of precipitation in the southern part of the domain. The results suggest the need for a more detailed attribution study of the anomalous meteorological patterns of the 2015/16 El Niño event compared to previous major events.
The Effect of Stokes Drift and Transient Rip Currents on the Inner Shelf. Part I: No Stratification
Authors: Kumar Nirnimesh , Feddersen Falk
Published: December 2016

This is part one of a two-part study focused on Stokes drift and transient rip current (TRC) effects on the unstratified (this paper) and stratified (see Part II) inner shelf. A TRC-generating, wave-resolving model funwaveC is coupled to the 3D, wave-averaged wave and circulation model Coupled Ocean–Atmosphere–Wave–Sediment Transport (COAWST). Two simulations (R1 and R2) are performed on an unstratified inner shelf and surfzone with typical bathymetry and wave conditions. R1 is a COAWST-only simulation (no TRCs), while R2 has funwaveC–COAWST coupling (with TRCs). R2 and funwaveC vertical vorticity (eddy) statistics are similar, indicating that the model coupling accurately generates TRCs, with TRC-induced eddies out to four surfzone widths offshore. R1 has a two-layered, inner-shelf-to-surfzone-connected, mean Lagrangian circulation, while R2 has separate inner shelf and surfzone circulation cells. The R2, TRC-induced, cross-shore and vertical eddy velocities are stronger than the R1 or R2 mean Lagrangian velocity out to four surfzone widths offshore. The R2, inner-shelf, mean, vertical eddy diffusivity is an order of magnitude larger than R1 out to four surfzone widths offshore. Both R1 and R2 are in a Stokes–Coriolis balance at six surfzone widths offshore, as is R1 at three surfzone widths offshore. For R2, TRC-induced horizontal advection and vertical mixing dominate the cross-shore momentum dynamics at three surfzone widths offshore. The R2 surfzone and inner-shelf cross-shore exchange velocity is 2–10 times larger for R1 because of the TRC-induced stirring. Accurate, unstratified, inner-shelf simulations of pollution, larval, or sediment transport must include transient rip currents. In Part II, the effects of Stokes drift and TRCs on the stratified inner shelf are examined.
Local Sensitivities of the Gulf Stream Separation
Authors: Schoonover Joseph , Dewar William K. , Wienders Nicolas , Deremble Bruno
Published: December 2016

Robust and accurate Gulf Stream separation remains an unsolved problem in general circulation modeling whose resolution will positively impact the ocean and climate modeling communities. Oceanographic literature does not face a shortage of plausible hypotheses that attempt to explain the dynamics of the Gulf Stream separation, yet a single theory that the community agrees on is missing. In this paper, the authors investigate the impact of the deep western boundary current (DWBC), coastline curvature, and continental shelf steepening on the Gulf Stream separation within regional configurations of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology General Circulation Model. Artificial modifications to the regional bathymetry are introduced to investigate the sensitivity of the separation to each of these factors. Metrics for subsurface separation detection confirm the direct link between flow separation and the surface expression of the Gulf Stream in the Mid-Atlantic Bight. It is shown that the Gulf Stream separation and mean surface position are most sensitive to the continental slope steepening, consistent with a theory proposed by Melvin Stern in 1998. In contrast, the Gulf Stream separation exhibits minimal sensitivity to the presence of the DWBC and coastline curvature. The implications of these results to the development of a “separation recipe” for ocean modeling are discussed. This study concludes adequate topographic resolution is a necessary, but not sufficient, condition for proper Gulf Stream separation.
A General-Purpose Microcontroller-Based Framework for Integrating Oceanographic Sensors, Instruments, and Peripherals
Authors: Laney Samuel R.
Published: December 2016

Sensors and instruments for basic oceanographic properties are becoming increasingly sophisticated, which both simplifies and complicates their use in field studies. This increased sophistication disproportionately affects smaller-scale observational efforts that are less likely to be well supported technically but which need to integrate instruments, sensors, and commonly needed peripheral devices in ways not envisioned by their manufacturers. A general-purpose hardware and software framework was developed around a widely used family of low-power microcontrollers to lessen the technical expertise and customization required to integrate sensors, instruments, and peripherals, and thus simplify such integration scenarios. Both the hardware and associated firmware development tools provide a range of features often required in such scenarios: serial data interfaces, analog inputs and outputs, logic lines and power-switching capability, nonvolatile storage of data and parameters for sampling or configuration, and serial communication interfaces to supervisory or telemetry systems. The microcontroller and additional components needed to implement this integration framework are small enough to encapsulate in standard cable splices, creating a small form factor “smart cable” that can be readily wired and programmed for a range of integration needs. An application programming library developed for this hardware provides skeleton code for functions commonly desired when integrating sensors, instruments, and peripherals. This minimizes the firmware programming expertise needed to apply this framework in many integration scenarios and thus streamlines the development of firmware for different field applications. Envisioned applications are in field programs where significant technical instrumentation expertise is unavailable or not cost effective.
A Data-Driven Method for Improving the Correlation Estimation in Serial Ensemble Kalman Filters
Authors: De La Chevrotière Michèle , Harlim John
Published: December 2016

A data-driven method for improving the correlation estimation in serial ensemble Kalman filters is introduced. The method finds a linear map that transforms, at each assimilation cycle, the poorly estimated sample correlation into an improved correlation. This map is obtained from an offline training procedure without any tuning as the solution of a linear regression problem that uses appropriate sample correlation statistics obtained from historical data assimilation outputs. In an idealized OSSE with the Lorenz-96 model and for a range of linear and nonlinear observation models, the proposed scheme improves the filter estimates, especially when the ensemble size is small relative to the dimension of the state space.
A Conceptual Model for Development of Intense Pyrocumulonimbus in Western North America
Authors: Peterson David A. , Hyer Edward J. , Campbell James R. , Solbrig Jeremy E. , Fromm Michael D.
Published: December 2016

The first observationally based conceptual model for intense pyrocumulonimbus (pyroCb) development is described by applying reanalyzed meteorological model output to an inventory of 26 intense pyroCb events from June to August 2013 and a control inventory of intense fire activity without pyroCb. Results are based on 88 intense wildfires observed within the western United States and Canada. While surface-based fire weather indices are a useful indicator of intense fire activity, they are not a skillful predictor of intense pyroCb. Development occurs when a layer of increased moisture content and instability is advected over a dry, deep, and unstable mixed layer, typically along the leading edge of an approaching disturbance or under the influence of a monsoonal anticyclone. Upper-tropospheric dynamics are conducive to rising motion and vertical convective development. Mid- and upper-tropospheric conditions therefore resemble those that produce traditional dry thunderstorms. The specific quantity of midlevel moisture and instability required is shown to be strongly dependent on the surface elevation of the contributing fire. Increased thermal buoyancy from large and intense wildfires can serve as a potential trigger, implying that pyroCb occasionally develop in the absence of traditional meteorological triggering mechanisms. This conceptual model suggests that meteorological conditions favorable for pyroCb are observed regularly in western North America. PyroCb and ensuing stratospheric smoke injection are therefore likely to be significant and endemic features of summer climate. Results from this study provide a major step toward improved detection, monitoring, and prediction of pyroCb, which will ultimately enable improved understanding of the role of this phenomenon in the climate system.
Work–Family Balance and Alternative Work Schedules
Authors: Wadsworth Lori L. , Facer Rex L.
Published: December 2016

In 2008, the State of Utah implemented a 4-day workweek for their employees. This article examines the impact on employees using a postimplementation survey. For employees on the 4-day schedule, there were no significant differences by gender on work–family balance or on the impact of the schedule. However, women did demonstrate slightly more positive attitudes toward the 4-day schedule. Employees with children at home reported lower work–family balance and greater impact of the 4-day schedule. In contrast, no difference in attitudes toward the 4-day schedule was found by age, although work–family balance differed among age groups. There were differences in work–family balance between employees on the 4-day schedule and those on traditional schedules; however, the more substantial factor was whether an employee selected his or her schedule. The current study highlights the importance of engaging employees when making significant organizational changes, such as transitioning from traditional work schedules to alternative schedules.
Animal pelt caps and Mississippian ritual sodalities
Authors: Dye David H
Published: December 2016

Archaeologists have become increasingly interested in ancient belief systems and it is recognized that the material remains of past societies may effectively aid in constructing informed interpretations of religious institutions and ritual practice. Recent research seeks linkages between ethnographic accounts and eastern Woodlands representational imagery. In this article, I examine depictions of animal pelt headdresses and marshal prairie–plains ethnographic accounts to argue that Mississippian figural imagery denotes more than status ascription. Animal pelt headgear was a distinctive and prominent feature of Mississippian belief systems, which materialized transcendent beings in figural art. The implication is that Mississippian ritual sodalities may be comparable to historic prairie–plains exemplars. Closer analytic attention and focus is warranted to assess the cultural contexts in which ceremonial regalia is visualized in Mississippian art. In this regard, ritual headgear may help identify specific culture heroes venerated within the context of ritual sodalities.
Effectiveness of Mindfulness Intervention on Psychological Behaviors Among Adolescents With Parental HIV Infection
Authors: Mon Myo-Myo , Liabsuetrakul Tippawan , Htut Kyaw-Min
Published: December 2016

This study aims to identify the effectiveness of mindfulness intervention on the psychological behaviors of adolescents with parental HIV infection and its associated factors in Myanmar. A total of 80 adolescents from 2 intervention townships and 80 adolescents from 2 control townships were enrolled in a group randomized controlled trial with assessments at baseline and 6 months follow-up. The mindfulness intervention involved monthly group sessions for 3 consecutive months led by an experienced mindfulness trainer. Three domains of psychological behaviors—namely, emotional, conduct, and social behaviors—were assessed at baseline and compared after 6 months. Multilevel regression analysis was used to determine the effectiveness of the intervention and associated factors for psychological behaviors. The intervention significantly improved emotional and conduct behaviors at 6 months ( P < .001) but had no effect on social behavior. The significant effect of the intervention existed after adjusting for gender, family type, child age, and orphan status.
Safety concerns and hidden agenda behind HPV vaccines: another generation of drug‐dependent society?
Authors: Khatami Mahin
Published: December 2016

Analyses of data and hidden agenda behind repeated failed outcomes of cancer research and therapy, status of American health, safety concerns for HPV vaccines and future research considerations are summarized in this commentary. A closer look at cancer science reveals that highly power structure (system) in medical establishment vs. anti‐system and chaos in cancer research (‘medical/scientific ponzi schemes’) is potent recipe for failed therapeutics that kills patients but generates huge corporate profit. American health status ranks last among other developed nations despite the highest amount that USA invests in healthcare. This is a wake‐up call to make sure that the evil part of human being does not prevent the health services that the public deserves. Otherwise, ‘it does not matter how many resources you have, if you don't know, or don't want to know, how to use them, they will never be enough’. Answer to cancer and improved public health is possible only by switching the current corruptive and abusive culture of ‘who you know’ to a culture of ‘what you know’. Policy makers and professionals in decision making roles are urged to return to common sense and logics that our Forefathers used to serve the public.
Implementation Rationality: The Nexus of Psychology and Economics at the RAND Logistics Systems Laboratory, 1956–1966
Authors: Klein Judy L.
Published: December 2016

In October 1956 the RAND Corporation established the Logistics Systems Laboratory (LSL), with the goal of using simulation to translate the broad findings of normative microeconomics into detailed, implementable procedures for US Air Force operations. The laboratory was housed in the training simulation facilities that had been recently vacated by psychologists working at the RAND Systems Research Laboratory. Economists at the LSL interwove their marginal cost-benefit analysis with the psychologists' focus on process, adaptation, and group behavior. Over a decade, economists and psychologists at the LSL conducted game simulations structured by four separate laboratory problems. Economists went from using simulation to demonstrate the superiority of optimal policies derived from deductive economics to using the experiment as an inductive tool. One concern in this historical case study is with how economics leveraged psychology to grow a regulatory system when individual units pursuing their own interests did not promote the interests of society. This dilemma was one of a few stimuli generating a new focal point for rationality, that of efficient implementation. More recently, economists on the BIS Basel Committee on Banking Supervision engaged in implementation rationality through simulation in the form of the Regulatory Consistency Assessment Programme (RCAP). The examination of iterative modeling and solving for rules of action at the LSL and in the RCAP suggests that the explicit narrowing of modeling choices that would bind the rationality of the individual units would be best iterated through a process that takes into account the human factor. Interactions with experimental psychologists opened a door for economists to nonstandard modeling and an iterative, heuristic specification of economizing rules of action that had a greater chance of implementation.
Measuring the Economizing Mind in the 1940s and 1950s: The Mosteller-Nogee and Davidson-Suppes-Siegel Experiments to Measure the Utility of Money
Authors: Moscati Ivan
Published: December 2016

The article studies the origin, content, and impact of two experiments to measure the utility of money, one by Frederick Mosteller and Philip Nogee in 1948–49 and one by Donald Davidson, Patrick Suppes, and Sidney Siegel in 1954. Both experiments relied on expected utility theory (EUT), and both groups of experimenters concluded that their findings supported the measurability of utility as well as EUT. The two experiments illuminate the interaction between economics and psychology in the 1940s and 1950s in several ways. First, their designs exhibit a tension between the economic image of human agency associated with EUT and insights from experimental psychology research at odds with EUT. Second, both experiments were performed by psychologists and other non-economists, and the article reconstructs how their authors became interested in measuring an archetypal economic object such as the utility of money. Finally, the article shows that the psychological insights shaping the two experiments found some further application between 1955 and 1965, but were quickly forgotten. Only in the 1970s, when robust experimental evidence against EUT accumulated, were economists compelled to reconsider those psychological insights.
Introduction
Authors: Kia Mana , Marashi Afshin
Published: December 2016

Mana Kia and Afshin Marashi's introduction asks the main question that the articles in the special section “After the Persianate” endeavor to answer: How should we write the histories of societies that emerged from the Persianate ecumene in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries?
The Making of Modernity in Persianate Literary History
Authors: Jabbari Alexander
Published: December 2016

This article makes an argument for literary modernity as a shared discourse produced through scholarly exchange between Iranians and Indians reworking their shared Persianate literary heritage, considering literary history as an important and perhaps overlooked site for the production of literary modernity. Arguing for a verbal as well as textual discourse of modernity shared between early twentieth-century Iranian and Indian intellectuals, Jabbari examines how these intellectuals made use of premodern materials for their modernizing projects, and how nationalism shaped this process. Four aspects of modern literary history writing receive particular focus here: engagement with the tazkirah tradition, inclusion of extraliterary national figures alongside poets, use of a shared set of references and sources, and new sexual aesthetics that break with the homoerotic Persianate past.
COP-eration for global food security
Authors: de la Barrera Erick
Published: December 2016

Mexico is hosting the 13th Conference of the Parts (COP-13) on the Convention on Biological Diversity. Participants will have another opportunity to "integrate biodiversity for wellbeing." Considering that food production is a major driver for the loss of biological diversity, despite the fact that ample genetic reservoirs are crucial for the persistence of agriculture in a changing world, food can be a conduit for bringing biodiversity into people's minds and government agendas. If this generation is going to "live in harmony with nature," as the Aichi Biodiversity Targets indicate, such an integration needs to be developed between the agricultural and environmental sectors throughout the world, especially as an increasingly urban civilization severs its cultural connections to food origin.
Risks in Constitutional Law
Authors: Масловская Татьяна , Maslovskaya Tatyana
Published: December 2016

The article analyzes and clarifies the concept of legal risk, and also contains the risk classification. The author has defined the special features of the constitutional-legal risks and has made a conclusion of their fundamental character. The author examines the key varieties of risks in the constitutional law — risks in the law-making and risks in law enforcement. The analysis of risks in legislative activities has taken a special place in a present study because of substantial nature such risks, which is related with the general problems of legal regulation. The risks arising from conducting of full and partial constitutional reform were also analyzed in the article in accordance with “circulation” of constitutional ideas and values. Institutional risks were mentioned as a particularly important risks. The author has made a few proposals to prevent, minimise and address risks in constitutional law. As a base of the study was used the legislation of Belarus, Russia and other foreign countries.
Implementation of the Provisions on Termination and Modification of the Contract in the New Edition of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation
Authors: Позднышева Елена , Pozdnysheva Elena
Published: December 2016

The article is devoted to the analysis of practical application of provisions of Chapter 29 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation which regulating the issues of modification and termination of the contract by courts. The relevance of such analysis was caused by the introduction of the new edition of Chapter 29 of the Civil Code as well as the practice of its application by courts resulting to increasing of the number of lawsuits concerning disputes on modification and termination of the contract caused by the economic crisis of the past two years. In addition, the number of lawsuits on refusal of one of the contractors from the contract in cases stipulated by the contract considering by arbitration courts was also increased. On the basis of the analysis of judicial practice the author has made a conclusion that if parties to a contract want to provide in the contract the possibility of cancellation of the agreement for any reason other than provided in the Civil Code, other laws or other legal acts, such grounds have to be expressly listed in the agreement, or the contract has to contain wording about the possibility of termination of the contract on any other grounds. The author has noted the necessity of unification of the approaches to the qualification of the sum which has to be paid in a case of the early termination of the contract as it provided by the clause 3, article 310 of the Civil Code for the unilateral refusal of execution of obligations regardless of how the specified amount named in the contract.
Framework Agreement as the Basis of the Obligation, or Criticism of the Concept of the Article 429.1 of the Russian Civil Code
Authors: Шнигер Дмитрий , Shniger Dmitriy
Published: December 2016

The author analyzes the concept, features, scope and contents of the framework agreement from the point of view of the Russian Civil Code, the Concept of improvement of general provisions of obligation law of Russia and the needs of economic turnover. In the article the author formulated the definition of a framework agreement, which is seen as the basis of the obligation to conclude another one, main contract in the future (or several contracts). The author has analyzed the different ways to conclude the basic contract and has made legal qualifications of such contract documents (applications, specifications, etc.). Also the author has come to conclusion on the essential terms of the main contract and has provided practical recommendations for the conclusion of framework contracts and permits arising from them civil disputes. A few issues on accountability of the parties for breach of the master contract were also considered in present article.
Institute of Criminal Liability of the Legal Entities as a New Stage of Development of the Criminal Law
Authors: Квашис Виталий , Kvashis Vitaliy , Случевская Юлия , Sluchevskaya Yuliya
Published: December 2016

The prerequisites for the formation of the Institute of criminal liability of legal entities are under consideration of present article. The author has assessed the current conditions which can affect this institute and has examined the role of this institution in common and civil systems of law. Preconditions of formation of this Institute of the criminal liability of legal entities can be as external, which consists of combining factors of formation of qualitatively new social relations, as internal, due to existing provisions of the Russian legislation. The first group of prerequisites is related to the development of social consciousness, complication of technological processes and economic relations, the processes of globalization. The second group includes the obligations caused by the state participation in international agreements, the norms of existing national legislation, defining characteristics of a legal entity, and existing elements of criminal-legal influence concerning legal entities in the criminal law. The author has noted that the existing provisions of the Russian legislation are not an obstacle to the introduction of this institute and concluded that further development of the Institute of criminal liability of legal entities in the domestic legislation related to the scientific rationale of its relationships to existing elements of the national legal system. In this context the presence of a social conditions is essential, such conditions can help to effective functioning of the mechanisms of self-regulation and control of legal entities.
Historical Aspect of Criminal Liability for Fraudulent Bankruptcy in Russia and Foreign Countries
Authors: Кубанцев Сергей , Kubantsev Sergey
Published: December 2016

The article highlights the issues of legal regulation of public relations related to the unfair bankruptcy, in their historical aspect. It outlines the legislative instruments used by foreign countries and Russia for regulating of liability for bankruptcy in the period up to the 19 century. The author studied the laws of foreign countries and the Russian legislation, which contains provisions on liability for bankruptcy, the regulation of the debtor´s property distribution of priority, as well as differentiation of debtors to those who can not meet its debt obligations, and those who simply do not want to fulfill its debt obligations (malicious insolvency). Due to this situation the questions about the time of distinguishing the respective responsibilities of the bankrupt entity are arise. The author mentioned the move away from a single penalty for any debtor who is unable to pay its debts, which depends solely on the fact of the debt of non-payment, in the direction of several forms of punishment, depending on the fault of the debtor in its own bankruptcy, differentiation punitive and coercive measures of material nature, the development of methods and means of implementation creditors´ rights.
Prevention of Corruption: Problems and Perspectives
Authors: Цирин Артем , Tsirin Artem
Published: December 2016

The present article is devoted to the problem aspects of the prevention of corruption. The author suggests to adjust continuous monitoring corruption practice based on voluntary and anonymous providing information by officials, citizens, representatives and employees of the organizations. Such measures as prevention and a settlement of conflicting interests, prevention of a conclusion of the corruption income abroad, use of the stimulating mechanisms, and also distribution of anti-corruption bans and duties on the non-state organizations are analyzed. In the conclusion of article the author draws that the particular emphasis in respect of the general prevention of corruption should be placed on all-system measures of the prevention of corruption.
Public-Private Partnership in the Field of Physical Culture and Sports
Authors: Мельник Тимур , Myelnik Timur
Published: December 2016

The article is devoted to problematic issues of public-private and municipal-private partnership in the field of physical culture and sports. Further development of this form of interaction between the state (municipalities) and businesses in the field of physical culture and sport involves a number of issues. Some of them are connected with a social component. The development of public-private partnership in the field of physical culture and sport must be dictated by the need for the implementation of the goals and objectives of the social policy of public authorities in this area. The availability of public services, including in the field of physical culture and sport, should be enshrined as a legal principle of state-private and municipal-private partnership. The author proposed to consolidate in legislation the priorities of the public-private (municipal-private) partnerships in the field of physical culture and sports. One of them has to be the development of mass sports. Public-private (municipal-private) partnerships can be used to develop the system of sport clubs at its place of residence. It is necessary to consider concluding agreements for such partnerships not only in relation to sports facilities, but also in relation to the state and municipal services in the field of physical culture and sports.
Self-regulation in the process of recovery from alcohol addiction according to Julius Kuhl’s theory
Authors: Bętkowska-Korpała Barbara , Olszewska Katarzyna
Published: December 2016

Aim of the study

The main aim of research is to analyse the dynamics of self-regulation functions in connection with the treatment of people addicted to alcohol. Another goal is to compare 2 groups after one year: those who maintained abstinence and who returned to addiction.

Subject or material and methods

The studies were designed as longitudinal with quasi-experimental procedure. The first measurement was performed in two-week time of treatment, the second at the end of the basic stage of the treatment and the third – after a year. The research was conducted in 12 centres in the group of 977 patients (M 76%, F 24%).

Results

In ABS group, in Self-motivation, the change was statistically significant between the first and the second measurement. In Activation control in ABS group there was significant difference between the first and the second measurement, and the first and the third measurement. In nABS group the change was significant between the second and the third measurement.
After a year the difference between ABS and nABS groups was statistically significant.

Discussion

The research on self-regulation functions was conducted with SSI-K Inventory. Semi-structured interview was performed twice: at the beginning of the treatment and after one year to analyse the indicator of recovery. In the evaluation of the dynamics of self-regulation, ANOVA was used.

Conclusions

Treatment and abstinence influence changes in self-regulation. The effects of these changes are observed in people who were maintaining abstinence in one-year period, which indicates their stronger ability to act according to their needs, facilitating the development of ‘Self’.
The role of therapy in reducing the risk of job burnout – a systematic review of literature
Authors: Jaworska-Burzyńska Lilianna , Kanaffa-Kilijańska Urszula , Przysiężna Ewa , Szczepańska-Gieracha Joanna
Published: December 2016

The growing number of publications regarding the influence of different forms of therapy on reducing the risk of job burnout affecting various social groups, causes the need to assess and systematise the available knowledge.
Three electronic databases were searched. The search period was between the years 2000 and 2015. The inclusion criteria included the influence of the selected form of therapy on reduction of the risk of job burnout. Of the 235 selected articles, 22 articles met the inclusion criteria. In 77.3% of publications the job burnout syndrome was assessed using the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI). In addition, researchers also used De Utrechtse Burnout Schaal (UBOS) questionnaire, the Maslach Burnout Inventory – Dutch Version (MBI-NL), while some authors created and used their own questionnaire. The most commonly used form of therapy was Mindfulness and cognitive-behavioural therapy.
As the choice of methodology varies significantly in different studies, it is difficult to attempt an objective comparison between them. In most publications (64.64%) the authors managed to achieve the intended reduction of burnout. It is necessary that studies on the burnout phenomenon begin to include research projects treating the study group in a multidimensional, biopsychosocial (taking into account factors of biological and psychological nature with an accompanying social reflection) manner
FROM EDITORS
Authors: Cyranka Katarzyna
Published: December 2016

tym zeszycie obok innych interesujących prac publikujemy kolejne dotyczące etiopatogenezy zaburzeń odżywiania adolescentów. To wciąż problem z którym nie potrafimy sobie poradzić, niewątpliwie dlatego że jest to problem nie tylko medyczny, ale także powszechny w współczesnym świecie fenomen socjokulturowy, wymagający interwencji w rożne obszary: wychowania, nawyków żywieniowych, interesów ekonomicznych itp. Jedno z tych zagrożeń, w których nie można liczyć na skuteczne działanie samych lekarzy, chociaż jego najbardziej spektakularnym wyrazem są zagrożenia zdrowia i życia. Konfrontacja spostrzeżeń z różnych krajów i środowisk może przyczynić się do lepszego zrozumienia i skuteczniejszego działania, dlatego rekomendujemy zapoznanie nie tylko z praca zamieszczonymi w tym zeszycie ale także ....
INVESTIGATION OF THE ELECTROLYTE EFFECT ON VN CREATED VIA PES
Authors: Ghorbanian Babak
Published: December 2016

One of the most important methods of hardening steel tools is nitriding. During this process, nitrogen diffuses into the sample surface at high temperature and reacts with the elements existing in the sample and creates hard nitrides. Another way to create hard nitrides is the simultaneous hard diffusion of two nitride-causing elements. During the plasma electrolytic saturation process, one nitride –causing element, together with nitrogen, diffuses into the surface of the sample and forms a hard nitride coating on the surface of the component. In this process, a voltage is applied between a cathode (sample with smaller surface) and an anode (sample with larger surface); the plasma is formed on the surface of the cathode which then let the given elements diffuse into the surface of the base metal. In the present study, nitrogen and vanadium have diffused into the surface of the sample, 1.2436 tool steel, and vanadium nitride has been formed. The best combination of electrolyte solution is 4g Ferro vanadium, 50±1 ml nitric acid and sodium hydroxide. The results is indicating that the formed coating layer thickness is about 2-3.5 μm. As the conductivity increases, the condition for diffusion is provided; however, with over increasing the temperature, diffusion decreases. The coating formation has observed in 7-10±0.5 A current.
IMPACT OF ORGANIC ACID ADDITION ON THE FORMATION OF PRECIPITATED IRON COMPOUNDS
Authors: Nguyen Thao Thi , Truong Than Ngoc , Duong Binh Ngoc
Published: December 2016

In this work, acetic and citric acids were used along with ammonium chloride in the removal of iron from reduced Hatinh ilmenite. Iron removal was carried out at 70ºC, 4 liter/min of air flow rate, 7/1 of liquid/solid ratio and 0.5% NH4Cl as catalyst. After 9 hours, metallic iron was decreased from 30.3% in reduced ilmenite to 0.5% in synthetic rutile. The addition of 0.4% acetic acid into NH4Cl solution reduces removal time to 5 hours, residual metallic iron (RMI) was also 0.5%. The addition of 0.4% citric acid also reduces removal time to 5 hours, RMI was reduced to 0.33%. The rusting rate of metallic iron increased when acid concentration increased from 0.1 to 1%. The results indicated that acetic and citric acids could be used as additional catalysts along with NH4Cl in the removal of metallic iron in reduced ilmenite. The acid have the capability to form complexes with iron and also showed impact on the formation of precipitated iron compounds.
Validating a benchmarking tool for audit of early outcomes after operations for head and neck cancer
Authors: Tighe D , Sassoon I , McGurk M
Published: December 2016

INTRODUCTION

In 2013 all UK surgical specialties, with the exception of head and neck surgery, published outcome data adjusted for case mix for indicator operations. This paper reports a pilot study to validate a previously published risk adjustment score on patients from separate UK cancer centres.

METHODS

A case note audit was performed of 1,075 patients undergoing 1,218 operations for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma under general anaesthesia in 4 surgical centres. A logistic regression equation predicting for all complications, previously validated internally at sites A–C, was tested on a fourth external validation sample (site D, 172 operations) using receiver operating characteristic curves, Hosmer–Lemeshow goodness of fit analysis and Brier scores.

RESULTS

Thirty-day complication rates varied widely (34–51%) between the centres. The predictive score allowed imperfect risk adjustment (area under the curve: 0.70), with Hosmer–Lemeshow analysis suggesting good calibration. The Brier score changed from 0.19 for sites A–C to 0.23 when site D was also included, suggesting poor accuracy overall.

CONCLUSIONS

Marked differences in operative risk and patient case mix captured by the risk adjustment score do not explain all the differences in observed outcomes. Further investigation with different methods is recommended to improve modelling of risk. Morbidity is common, and usually has a major impact on patient recovery, ward occupancy, hospital finances and patient perception of quality of care. We hope comparative audit will highlight good performance and challenge underperformance where it exists.
Abdominal wall ectopic testis torsion mimicking a Spigelian hernia in an adult
Authors: Natarajan M , Alnajjar HM , Woodward CI , Tshuma M , Marshall T , Rochester M
Published: December 2016

We report an unusual case of an ectopic testis identified in a 37-year-old man presenting with acute severe right iliac fossa pain and an irreducible mass. Initially diagnosed as a Spigelian hernia, computed tomography and ultrasonography identified the presence of an ectopic testis in the abdominal wall. Interparietal testicular ectopia is an extremely rare condition. We present and discuss the first case in the literature of an ectopic testis located between the internal and external oblique muscle layers of the anterior abdominal wall in an adult.
Endovascular treatment of an arterioportal fistula following pancreaticoduodenectomy
Authors: Taylor JP , Akinkuotu A , Makary MA
Published: December 2016

We present a rare case of an arterioportal fistula that formed between the superior mesenteric artery and portal vein 30 days following a pancreaticoduodenectomy, which was successfully managed with endovascular procedures.
Applications of the ‘Ham Sandwich Theorem’
to Eigenvalues of the Laplacian
Authors: Funano Kei
Published: December 2016

We apply Gromov’s ham sandwich method to get: (1) domain monotonicity (up to a multiplicative
constant factor); (2) reverse domain monotonicity (up to a multiplicative constant factor); and (3) universal
inequalities for Neumann eigenvalues of the Laplacian on bounded convex domains in Euclidean space.
Constant Distortion Embeddings of
Symmetric Diversities
Authors: Bryant David , Tupper Paul F.
Published: December 2016

Diversities are like metric spaces, except that every finite subset, instead of just every pair of points,
is assigned a value. Just as there is a theory of minimal distortion embeddings of fiite metric spaces into L1,
there is a similar, yet undeveloped, theory for embedding finite diversities into the diversity analogue of L1
spaces. In the metric case, it iswell known that an n-point metric space can be embedded into L1 withO(log n)
distortion. For diversities, the optimal distortion is unknown. Here, we establish the surprising result that
symmetric diversities, those in which the diversity (value) assigned to a set depends only on its cardinality,
can be embedded in L1 with constant distortion.
Determination and comparison of time under tension required to perform 8, 10 and 12-RM loads in the bench press exercise
Authors: da Silva Jurandir Baptista , Lima Vicente Pinheiro , Paz Gabriel Andrade , de Oliveira Caroline Reis , D’urso Francisco , Moreira Nunes Rodolfo de Alkmim , de Castro Juliana Brandão Pinto , de Souza Vale Rodrigo Gomes
Published: December 2016

Study aim: To determine and compare the time under tension (TUT) required to perform 8, 10 and 12 repetition maximum (RM) loads in the bench press exercise.

Material and methods: Twenty men (24.17 ± 4.69 years) were selected intentionally and properly. We included in the study physically active individuals, with a weekly frequency of physical activity of at least two days for six months, and excluded individuals with injury or pain that could interfere with the correct execution of the exercise and individuals with positive PAR-Q. The 10-RM test consisted in performing ten consecutive repetitions with maximum overload and the highest speed in bench press exercise on the Smith machine. After 48 h, 10-RM sets were performed with the load obtained in the 10-RM load testing. The TUT in 10-RM was verified through kinematics using the timing technique of the Kinovea software.

Results: The RM loads and TUT obtained during the retest session showed normal distribution between subjects. However, no significant differences were found between the loads 8, 10 and 12-RM within and between subjects (p < 0.05). The verified TUT showed a difference from 8 to 10-RM and from 8 to 12-RM, but no significant difference was found between TUT protocols for 10 and 12-RM (p < 0.05).

Conclusion: The study results enable evaluation of TUT in bench press exercise on the Smith machine for the study sample, allowing, for this group, the prediction and control of training intensity through the TUT.
Lévy copulae for financial returns
Authors: Okhrin Ostap
Published: December 2016

The paper uses Lévy processes and bivariate Lévy copulae in order to model the behavior of intraday
log-returns. Based on assumptions about the form of marginal tail integrals and a Clayton Lévy copula,
the model allows for capturing intraday cross-dependency. The model is applied to VaR of the portfolios
constructed on stock returns as well as on cryptocurrencies. The proposed method shows fair performance
compared to classical time series models.
Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome and dilated cardiomyopathy
Authors: Wang Bei
Published: December 2016

With in-depth understanding of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS), the correlation between OSAS and various cardiovascular diseases receives increasing attention. Together with Chinese Society of Cardiology, Sleep Breath Disorder Group of Chinese Society of Respiratory Diseases issued an “expert consensus on sleep apnea and cardiovascular disease” in light of the relevant foreign documents in 2009, which became the new starting point to further promote and closely connected the two interdisciplinary researches. This paper gives a brief introduction of how to early recognize and diagnose OSAS complicated with concurrent dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM), emphasizes the clinical significance of diagnosis in such patients, and analyzes the clinical value of continuous positive airway pressure treatment in restoring the cardiac function and structure in DCM patients.
Antiplatelet therapy in patients with hypertension
Authors: Yang Guo-Jun
Published: December 2016

This paper overviewed theoretical basis, clinical evidence and clinical practice principles of antiplatelet therapy in patients with hypertension to draw attention to take appropriate risk stratification, rigorous screening for bleeding cases and to administer aspirin with appropriate dose in daily clinical practice.