bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Determination of the response function of the NaI detector for g-quanta with an energy of 4.43 MeV, formed during inelastic scattering of neutrons with an energy of 14.1 MeV on carbon nuclei
Authors: Dabylova S.B. , Kopach Yu.N. , Sakhiyev S.K. , Grozdanov D.N. , Fedorov N.A.
Published: December 2020

The work is devoted to determining the response function of the detector NaI(Tl) for g -quanta with energy of 4.43 MeV, formed during inelastic scattering of neutrons with energy of 14.1 MeV on the nuclei 12C. In gamma spectrometry, output pulses are recorded, the amplitudes of which are proportional to the energy lost in the detection medium by incident photons. One of the main tasks of radiation detection is to restore radiation characteristics from signals measured at the outputs of detectors. For this, it is necessary to know, first of all, the general characteristics of detectors as converters of radiation into signals. The main characteristic of the detector is its response function, which can be defined as the probability that a particle with given properties generates a certain signal in the detector that will be registered by the device. The article presents the results of modeling the response function of a scintillation detector based on a NaI(Tl) crystal for gamma radiation from inelastic fast neutron scattering in order to study the mechanism of its formation.
Study of the influence of the phase composition and crystal structure of FexNi100−x nanostructures on the efficiency of using lithium-ion batteries as anode materials
Authors: Borgekov D.B. , Hlebnikov N.A. , Shlimas D.I. , Kozlovskiy A.L.
Published: December 2020

The results of the efficiency of using FexNi100−x nanotubes as anode materials for lithium-ion batteries have been obtained. In the course of research, it was found that an increase in the concentration of nickel in the structure to 40 and 60 at.% leads to a sharp increase in the resource number of cycles by more than two times in comparison with iron nanotubes. Such a difference in the resource lifetime is due to the higher stability of FexNi100−x nanotubes with a nickel concentration of more than 40 at.% to destruction, as well as resistance to oxidation.
Changes in the structure and properties of ZrO2 detonation coatings during annealing
Authors: Rakhadilov B.K. , Kakimzhanov D.N. , Botabaeva G. , Buitkenov D.B. , Kantai N. , Bayatanova L.B.
Published: December 2020

The article studied the effect of annealing on the structure and properties of zirconium dioxide coatings obtained by detonation spraying. Detonation spraying was realized on a computerized detonation spraying complex of the new generation CCDS2000. Determined that coatings made of zirconium dioxide are characterized by high adhesive strength of adherence to the substrate. Thermal annealing of coated samples was performed at temperatures of 900-1200◦ C. It was determined that the microhardness of zirconium dioxide coatings increases by 10-25% depending on the annealing temperature after annealing. The results of nanoindentation showed that the nanohardness of the coatings after annealing at 1000◦ C increases by 50%. It was determined that after annealing at 1000◦ C, the elastic modulus of the coatings increases, which indicates a decrease in plasticity and an increase in the strength of the coatings. X-ray diffraction analysis showed that the phase composition of coatings before and after annealing consists of t-ZrO2. After annealing occurs there is an increase in the degree of t-ZrO2 tetragonality. Electron microscopic analysis showed that an increase in the number and size of micro-continuity in the form of thin layers after annealing. Determined that increase the hardness of zirconium dioxide after annealing at 900-1200◦ C is associated with a higher degree of tetragonality t-ZrO2 phase.
AHMED EŞ-ŞÂYİB’İN “EL-ÜSLÛB” ADLI ESERİ ÖZELİNDE BELÂGATTA İHYA
Authors: MARAL Cüneyt
Published: December 2020

Sözün gücünü ve tesirini etkin bir şekilde kullanan Arap toplumunun kimliği haline gelen Belâgat, geçmişten itibaren bu toplumda yer edinmiştir. İslâm öncesinde şair ve hatiplerin yarıştığı panayırlarda halkın teveccühüne mazhar olan şairler, zaman zaman olağan üstü güçlere sahip kişiler olarak algılanmıştır. Kur’ân da indiği topluma bu toplumun kodlarında yer edinen belâgat yüklü ifadelerle hitap ederek onları aciz bırakmıştır. Bu şekilde belirli bir topluma özgü olan belâgat, Kur’ân’ın evrensel boyutu ve İslâm’ın geniş kitlelere yayılmasıyla yeni bir evreye geçmiştir. Bu evrede belâgat daha çok i‘câz ile anılır hale gelmiştir. İslâm’ı benimsemiş olan toplumların Kur’ân’a yönelik ilgi ve alakaları Kur’ân eksenli ilimlere yönelmiştir. Belâgat da bu teveccühten nasibini almış, önde gelen çoğu İslâm âliminin çalışma alanı haline gelmiştir. Bu aşamada belâgat, sözlü yapıdan yazılı ve normatif bir yapıya bürünmüştür. Ardından uzun bir süre belâgat, telif edilen eserlerde şerhler, haşiyeler ve telhisler şeklinde işlenmiştir. Belâgatte süregelen bu durum ilk dönemlerde ve orta çağda pek eleştiri konusu olmamıştır. Ancak “Batı” diye tavsif edilen bloğun iktisadi açıdan güçlenerek modernizm adıyla dünyada yeni bir güç dengesini oluşturması ve ekonomik açıdan diğer toplumlara tahakküm ederek sosyo-kültürel açıdan da bu toplumları etkisi altına almaya başlaması; diğer toplumların ilmi ve kültürel birikimlerinin hem dışardan hem de içerden eleştiriye açılmasına neden olmuştur. Bu aşamada Mısır başta olmak üzere Müslümanların çoğu yaşanan bu duruma çözümler üretmek için çareler aramaya başlamışlardır. Bu çabalar sonucunda, geçmişten gelen kültürel ve ilmi birikime sarılma ve geri kalmanın bunlardan uzaklaşma nedeniyle olduğuna yönelik anlayış ile bu birikimi yeniden revize edip İhya etme anlayışlarını temel alan iki ana yöntem ortaya çıkmıştır. Bu süreçte belâgat ilmi de süregelen tartışmalardan nasibini almıştır. Belâgatin eleştirildiği temel noktalar arasında donukluğu, belirli bir ilmi birikime sahip olanlara özgü hale gelecek derecede ağır ve müşkil konulara hasredilmesi, felsefe, kelam ile mantık gibi ilimlerin etkisinde kalıp uzun bir süre boyunca durağanlaşması; bir de sadece atomik yapıdaki cümle formlarını merkeze alıp; modern dönemde ortaya çıkan edebi olgulara bütüncül biçimde bir yaklaşım oluşturamaması gibi noktalar yer edinmektedir. Bu bağlamda bu tartışmaların hararetli bir şekilde yaşandığı yer olan Mısır’da yaşayan Ahmed eş-Şâyib de benzer mülahazalarla hareket edip belâgat alanında yeni bir yöntem oluşturma gayesiyle “el-Üslûb” adlı eserini telif etmiştir. Bu çalışmada bahsi geçen hususlar da göz önüne alınarak Ahmed eş-Şâyib perspektifinden belâgatte ihya hareketi ele alınacaktır.
HADİS USULÜNDE RÂVİ VE RİCAL TENKİDİNİN TEOLOJİK TEMELLERİ
Authors: TATLI Bekir
Published: December 2020

Bu makalemizde, Türkçede “eleştiri” kelimesiyle eş anlamlı olup, çoğu zaman olumsuz çağrışım yapan “tenkit” kelimesinin Hadis Usulündeki karşılığı olan “rical tenkidi” konusunun teolojik kökenlerini inceledik. Esasen İslâm toplumu tenkit zihniyetiyle oldukça erken bir devirde tanışmış; özellikle Kur’an ve Hz. Peygamber eleştirel bakışın en güzel örneklerini sunarak adeta sahabeye bunun dersini vermiş-tir. Gerek ayetlerde gerekse Hz. Peygamber’in hadis ve sünnetlerinde pek çok konunun eleştirel bi-çimde ele alındığı tespit edilmiştir. Hatta zaman zaman Allah tarafından Rasûlullah’ın ya da sahabenin bazı davranışlarının bile tenkitten kurtulamadığı dikkat çekmektedir. Diğer taraftan, Allah Teâlâ’nın ve onun kutlu elçisinin tenkitte hiçbir zaman hakkaniyetten ayrılmadığı görülmektedir. Zira Kur’an ve Hz. Peygamber zaman zaman tenkide konu olan davranışları nedeniyle müşrikleri, kâfirleri, münafıkları, Yahudi ve Hristiyanları tenkide tâbi tutmuştur ancak bu tenkit uygulamaları çok güzel bir şekilde ge-rekçelendirilmiştir. Daha sonraki devirlerde ise sahabenin kendi aralarında bu tenkit zihniyetini en güzel biçimde iş-lettiği anlaşılmaktadır. Hadis tarihinde özellikle hicrî birinci asrın ortalarından itibaren gündeme gelme-ye başlayan “fitne” sonrasında hadis rivayetlerinde bir zorunluluk halini alan sened/isnâd kullanımı vasıtasıyla rical tenkit faaliyetleri de görülmeye başlamıştır. Öyle ki, Hadis ilmiyle başlayan bu rical tenkidi yine aynı alanda cerh-ta‘dil ilmi şeklinde kendini göstermiş ve sahabe hariç Rasûlullah’tan ha-dis rivayet eden bütün insanlar bu tenkitten payına düşeni almıştır. Sahabe ise birbirleri tarafından “adalet” yönünden değilse de “zabt” yönünden tenkide tâbi tutulmuştur. Hadis tarihinde işletilen bu tenkit faaliyetinin dünyada bu çapta bir benzerini görmek ya da gösterebilmek ise bizce mümkün değil-dir. Netice-i kelâm, tarihte çok güzel bir şekilde işletilmiş olan tenkit zihniyetine günümüz Müslüman-ları olarak bizler de her zamankinden çok daha muhtacız. İslâm ümmetini tekrar eski ihtişamlı zaman-larındaki gibi şaha kaldıracak asıl ruhun bu tenkidî bakış açısından geçtiğine inanıyoruz. Bunun için de tarihte daha çok Ehl-i Rey tarafından temsil edilen ve hem naslara hem de akla gereken önemi veren Hanefî-Mâtürîdî çizgisini takip etmenin faydalı olacağına inanıyoruz.
Pressure gauge accuracy and tire maintenance awareness among vehicle owners in Birnin Kebbi, Nigeria
Authors: Adeyemi Ademola James , Lasisi Olusegun Isa , Zaki Abubakar Arzika , Besse Sani Isa , Ambursa Muhammad Bello
Published: December 2020

Aside from human factors, tire blowouts and other tire imperfections are major contributors to the persistently high road accident rate. While tire imperfections are categorized as part of the mechanical factors affecting road accident, the tire maintenance personnel and the vehicle owners' human behavior plays a significant role in ensuring that accidents due to tire imperfections are minimized. Therefore, this study aims to determine the accuracy of the pressure gauges used by tire maintenance personnel, popularly called vulcanizers in Nigeria, and to determine the level of awareness of vehicle owners about the basic information that affects the safe use of tires on the road.  The study consists of two stages. The first stage investigates the accuracy of the pressure gauges used by twenty vulcanizers in four different districts in Birnin Kebbi, the northwestern part of Nigeria. The second stage was an online survey regarding the tire maintenance behavior of 87 participants, who were formally educated from Diploma to Ph.D. level. The study's findings showed that about 25% of the vulcanizers do not use pressure gauges to measure air pressure during tire inflation, and less than 17% of the readings taken were accurate. Yet about 60% of the respondents believe that vulcanizers' pressure gauges are reliable and less than 30% of the respondents know that the expiring date of tires is four years in Nigeria. Therefore, there is an urgent need for proper awareness about tire usage and maintenance among the general population. It would also be appropriate to include such basic road safety information in the school curriculum at all levels.
Relaksasi pernafasan dan dzikir menurunkan tingkat kecemasan pada ibu hamil HIV positif: Literature review
Authors: Mawardika Tina , Rahmawati Imami Nur , Kurniawati Wiwit
Published: December 2020

Pendahuluan:Kehamilan dengan HIV positif merupakan sumber kebahagiaaan bagi seorang ibu, namun juga menjadi sumber kecemasan yang disebabkan adanya kekhawatiran ibu tentang penularan penyakit pada janin yang dikandungnya. Kondisi kecemasan berlebihan mempengaruhi kondisi kesehatan fisik dan psikis ibu serta janin yang dikandungnya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menurunkan derajat kecemasan ibu hamil dengan HIV positif. Metode:Metode penelitian ini adalah Evidence Based Practice Nursing. Sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah lima ibu hamil dengan HIV positif dan beragama islam. Alat ukur yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah Perinatal Anxiety Screening Scale (PASS)dalam bentuk kuesioner, yang diberikan dua kali kepada subjek yaitu sebelum dan sesudah intervensi relaksasi pernafasan dan dzikir. Hasil:Penelitian menunjukkan terdapat penurunan tingkat kecemasan ibu hamil dengan HIV positif. Simpulan:Relaksasi pernapasan dan dzikir dapat digunakan sebagai salah satu cara untuk menurunkan derajat kecemasan ibu hamil dengan HIV positif.
Dukungan sosial dan kecerdasan spiritual sebagai faktor yang memengaruhi stres Perawat di masa pandemi Covid-19
Authors: Saleha Nurmukaromatis , Delfina Rina , Nurlaili Nurlaili , Ardiansyah Fourni , Nafratilova Mercy
Published: December 2020

Pendahuluan:Perawat sebagai pemberi pelayanan kesehatan dengan sifat profesinya sangat sulit untuk menghindari kontak yang erat terhadap pasiennya. Tingginya risiko keterpaparan infeksi Covid-19 serta faktor-faktor lain memengaruhi psycological well beingperawat yang berdampak pada resistensi mereka terhadap profesi. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk melihat pengaruh faktor dukungan social dan kecerdasan spiritual perawat terhadap stress. Metode: Studi ini merupakan cross sectionaldengan alat pengumpulan data menggunakan kuisioner modifikasi dari ISEL untuk dukungan sosial, SISRI untuk kecerdasan spiritual dan PSS untuk menilai stress. Hasil:Data dianalisa dengan regresi linier berganda, didapatkan hasil  nilai R=0,726; R2=0,527; F=59,105; p = 0,000 (p<0,000). Simpulan:bahwa dukungan sosial dan kecerdasan spiritual perawat secara simultan memiliki pengaruh terhadap stres sebesar 52,7% sisanya 47,3% dipengaruhi oleh faktor lain yang tidak menjadi fokus penelitian ini.
Studi deskriptif penerapan prinsip “Enam Tepat” dalam pemberian obat
Authors: Setianingsih Setianingsih , Septiyana Ria
Published: December 2020

Pendahuluan: Perawat erat kaitannya dengan keselamatan pasien di rumah sakit. Dalam menjalankan tugas sebagai pemberi asuhan keperawatan, perawat berwenang melakukan penatalaksanaan pemberian obat kepada pasien secara tepat. Aspek enam tepat pemberian obat meliputi tepat pasien, tepat obat, tepat dosis, tepat waktu, tepat cara, dan tepat dokumentasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui gambaran perawat dalam menerapkan prinsip “ enam tepat” saat pemberian obat di RSUD Dr. H. Soewondo Kendal. Metode:Desain penelitian ini menggunakan deskriptif observasional yang menggunakan kuesioner enam tepat pemberian obat dengan sampel sebanyak 124 perawat. Hasil:Mayoritas perawat dalam rentang usia 25-35 tahun (63,7 %), jenis kelamin terbanyak perempuan (66,9 %), tingkat pendidikan perawat sebagian besar Diploma III (49,2 %), dan sebagian besar perawat sudah bekerja > 10 tahun (41,1 %). Simpulan:Ketepatan dalam penerapan prinsip “ enam tepat” pemberian obat sebagian besar tepat (59,7 %). Seluruh perawat diharapkan dengan berbagai karakteristik mampu menerapkan prinsip “enam tepat” pemberian obat.
Mathematical modeling of thermal decomposition of resins in the process of reversed gasification of plant biomass
Authors: Donskoy I. G.
Published: December 2020

THE PURPOSE. Of this work is to estimate parameters for a sufficiently comlete thermal decomposition of tarry products of the fixed-bed gasification of wood fuel. METHODS. To this end, mathematical models are used in different statements: the decomposition of the tar is considered in the approximations of one- and two-reaction kinetic scheme; to assess the influence of the bed height and temperature, the convection-diffusionreaction equation with a given temperature distribution along the length of the reaction zone is used; the temperature of the gasification process is estimated from experimental data and thermodynamic calculations. Along with the numerical model of the decomposition of the tar, a simplified analytical expression (for large Peclet numbers) is applied, the limits of its applicability are determined. RESULTS. Of calculations show that the efficiency of the airblown gasification of wood is determined by the temperature level of the oxidation stage: in the range of modes in which the optimal values of efficiency are achieved, the conversion of tarry products does not proceed sufficiently completely due to kinetic limitations; an increase in the specific consumption of the oxidizer leads to a decrease in efficiency due to stoichiometric reasons. CONCLUSION. Physicochemical limitations do not allow reaching the limiting values of gasification efficiency, shifting the optimal modes towards increasing the specific air consumption; a decrease in the yield of tar requires, first of all, changes in the thermal modes of gasification (for example, external heating or an increase in the oxygen concentration).
EVOLUTION OF THE INSTITUTE OF CONCESSION AS A BASIS FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF TRANSPORT INFRASTRUCTURE
Authors: O. DMYTRIIEVA
Published: December 2020

Despite the considerable number of discussions concerning the problems of the concession institution, the emphasis in most cases is on the methodological and practical aspects of this issue. This may create potential problems in the development of the concession mechanism in Ukraine. The article considers the theoretical support of the concession in the field of socially significant infrastructure, systematized evolution of the concession mechanism in the world practice. An analysis of the Law on Concession was developed in accordance with the EU legal framework governing public-private partnerships. It is determined that the law is aimed at simplifying the procedure of attracting private capital of national and foreign investors to the sphere of state-legal partnership. The main positive innovations in the Law on Concession are presented and analyzed. It is established that there is no single definition of the concept of "concession" in the scientific literature, so an analysis of existing approaches to its definition has been made. Based on the study of many scientific papers on the subject of concession, the author concluded that there are many varieties and gave the systematization of different types of concessions. It is important that concessions are applied not only in the relationship between business and the state, but also between organizations and individuals. The author proposes the main types of concession: commercial concession; franchising; infrastructure concession; granting the right to conduct a certain type of activity; concessions for the development of natural resources; concessions in the field of subsoil use; public service concession. An analysis of the main conditions that must be included in the concession agreement (i.e. the conditions under which the parties must agree that such an agreement is concluded) has been made. It is determined that the socially significant infrastructure means a set of enterprises and facilities that provide common conditions for the implementation of a particular activity necessary for the functioning of the society. The study considers the main stages of the concession procedure in Ukraine. Based on the above, at the last stage of the research the author provides a definition of a concession in the field of socially significant infrastructure.
STUDYING THE EVOLUTION OF APPROACHES TO CONSIDERATION OF THE ESSENCE OF PERFORMANCE
Authors: Ya. DOGADAYLO  , N. SUKONNAYA
Published: December 2020

The article studies the evolution of approaches to the essence of the concept of “performance” over the past thirty years by domestic and foreign scientists. Twenty-six literature sources selected on the basis of the existing research algorithm, which provides for the consideration of at least eighteen opinions of experts on the subject under study became the analytical material. It has been found that the last five years have seen a certain consensus on the essential feature of the concept of “performance”, so these concepts were chosen for further study: morphological analysis and content analysis. As a result, the definition of the essence of the concept of “performance of the enterprise” was further developed by taking into account its purpose, versatility, the relationship of factors of the general environment of the enterprise and the functioning of enterprises in modern market economy. The performance of the enterprise is proposed to understand as the category that reflects the success of the enterprise in market conditions and as a comprehensive result of the enterprise activity, which reflects the level of achievement and correctness of goals with minimal costs and errors. To obtain the above results, the following research methods were used: historical, generalization, abstraction, comparison, analogy, modeling, formalization, analysis, synthesis, deduction, induction, systems approach, morphological analysis, ranking, content analysis, grouping and expert evaluation. Implemen­tation of performance management of the enterprise on the basis of a certain essence of this concept will allow managers and their subordinates to carry out the activities of the enterprise that meet the requirements of successful development in modern conditions. In the future, it is planned to clarify the list of performance criteria based on their compliance with the global goals of sustainable development until 2030.
HISTORICAL THINKING IN LEARNING SOCIAL STUDIES EDUCATION
Authors: Putro Herry Porda Nugroho
Published: December 2020

Many people see social studiessubjects as easy subjects for it only requires memorizing and regard them as boring subjects, thus the learningtarget achievement is very low. The author expects that historical thinking as an alternative in developing learningtarget achievement and thinking competence, helps the development of an enjoyable and meaningful social studieslearning. The problems of the study are related to the model, theme, and historical thinking implementation in learningsocial studies. Basically, the assimilation of integrated model learning, connected model, integrated model in various themes is the development of thinking competence. History as a branch of social studiesis always related to the social studiessubjects. Teachers can build the theme in integrated learningin the basis of scholarly subjects (i.e. history), so the discussion themes can be more interesting and related to the value of nationalism. Teachers can compile the learningsyntax in integrated learningbased on historical thinking: chronological thinking, historical comprehension, historical analysis and interpretation, historical research capabilities, historical issues-analysis and decision making. In historical thinking synergy with scientific approach in 2013 curriculum, the students are able to do inquiry, in line with the principleof scholarly science. The author came into the conclusion that teachers can develop historical thinking in social studieslearningat any educational level because it is in line with the suggested scientific approach in 2013 Curriculum
REVITALISASI NILAI-NILAI TRANSPORTASI TRADISIONAL DALAM PEMBELAJARAN IPS DI KALIMANTAN SELATAN
Authors: Putro Herry Porda Nugroho
Published: December 2020

Sungai merupakan karakteristik daerah Kalimantan Selatan. Sebagian besar tempat di Kalimantan Selatan khususnya Banjarmasin selalu dialiri Sungai. Karakterististik wilayah Kalimantan Selatan dari perspektif historis berpengaruh pada berbagai aktivitas kehidupan masyarakatnya. Sungai menjadi urat nadi kehidupan, berbagai aspek kehidupan (ekonomi, sosial, budaya, politik) selalu bertumpu pada sungai. Perahu tradisional telah menjadi medium aktivitas kehidupan, dengan menggunakan perahu tradisional masyarakat di Kalimantan Selatan (masyarakat Banjar) melakukan aktivitas ekonomi, sosial, budaya, dan politik. Kondisi lingkungan telah melahirkan berbagai ragam perahu tradisional untuk digunakan dalam berbagai aktivitas kehidupan. Perahu tradisional memiliki nilai-nilai karakter berkaitan dengan proses pembuatan, bahan, dan alat. Perahu tradisional di Kalimantan Selatan dan Banjarmasin saat ini mulai punah, jarang ditemukan di sungai-sungai. Hal ini disebabkan perkembangan jalan-jalan darat dan transportasi darat. Pendidikan Ilmu Pengetahuan Sosial memiliki tujuan fundamental mempersiapkan karakter siswa. Lingkungan dan aktivitas kehidupan sosial merupakan sumber belajar utama dalam pembelajaran IPS. Melalui Pendidikan IPS perjalanan masyarakat, perjuangan masyarakat, kompetensi masyarakat dapat diwariskan kepada peserta didik. Pendekatan contextual teaching learning dan pendekatan scientific menarik dikembangkan untuk revitalisasi nilai-nilai transportasi tradisional dalam pembelajaran IPS. Pokok bahasan mengacu pada expanding community approach dari Paul Hanna (pendekatan komunitas yang meluas).
UJIAN NASIONALISME INDONESIA PADA AWAL REFORMASI
Authors: Putro Herry Porda Nugroho
Published: December 2020

Bangsa Indonesia terus mendapat ujian dalam hal berbangsa dan bernegara. Reformasi sebagai babakan baru dalam sejarah Indonesia telah merubah kondisi bangsa Indonesia, yaitu desentralisasi. Sistim sentralisasi pada jaman orde baru ternyata telah membelenggu kebabasan bangsa Indonesia, terutama di daerah-daerah di luar Jawa. Keterbukaan pada era reformasi, ternyata diawali dengan suasana kebebasan yang berlebihan. Beberapa daerah merasa dirugikan selama kekuasaan orde baru, beberapa daerah merasa diperlakukan tidak adil secara politik, ekonomi, sosial, dan budaya. Terdapat gambaran kekeruhan bahkan terjadi konflik di berbagai daerah di Indonesia, serta keinginan untuk merdeka. Peristiwa pada awal reformasi menyadarkan akan hakikat nasionalisme, sehingga perludilakukan revitalisasi nasionalisme agar peristiwa tersebut tidak terulang lagi. Revitalisasi nasionalisme diperlukan, karena bangsa Indonesia selanjutnya dihadapkan pada globalisasi yang dapat berpengaruh pada jati diri bangsa.
Financial Literacy Education Through Fiqh Mu’āmalāt Learning Based on Kitab Kuning
Authors: Setiawan Adib Rifqi , Saputri Wahyu Eka
Published: December 2020

This research used R&D approach 4D model goals to gain the design for a learning program to guide students in pondok pesantren on achieving financial literacy throught fiqh mu’āmalāt learning that is based on kitab kuning that validated by experts and practitioners and reliability counted based on test.
Clinical and laboratory profile of dengue fever in children from a tertiary care centre of Gandaki Province, Nepal
Authors: K.C. Namrata , Thapa Krishna Bahadur , Shrestha Nirmala , Paudel Shankar , Pun Chandra Bahadur
Published: December 2020

Introduction: Dengue, the arthropod borne viral disease is serious public health problem in Nepal. The clinical diagnosis of dengue has become challenging in children as it is presented with nonspecific symptoms. The objective of present study was to assess different clinical presentations and outcomes of dengue fever in tertiary care centre.

Methods: A record based observational cross-sectional study was carried out on all dengue positive patients of aged 11 months to 15 years presented in Gandaki Medical College from July to November 2019. Total 74 patients with history of fever with dengue seropositive were included in the study. All the clinical and haematological findings were recorded in semi-structured questionnaire form.

Results: Of 74 patients 40 (54.1%) males and 34 (45.9%) were females. Fiftyone (68.9%) were cases of dengue without warning sign, 18 (24.3%) were dengue with warning signs and 5(6.8%) cases had severe dengue symptoms. Most of the patients (78.38%) were from Kaski district. Fever (100%) was the most common clinical presentation followed by headache (36.5%), vomiting (25.7%), and retro orbital pain (20.3%). Common laboratory findings included thrombocytopenia (59.4%) and leukopenia (35.1%). Among 74 cases, 68 were in stable condition and treated in OPD or in ward, and 6 were admitted in ICU of which one developed warning signs and other 5 had severe dengue. All the enrolled children recovered well and there was no mortality during this period.

Conclusions: Fever, headache, vomiting, thrombocytopenia and leukopenia were most common presentation of dengue fever among children. Appropriate clinico-laboratory diagnosis and management is relatively simple, inexpensive and very effective in saving lives as long as correct and timely interventions are instituted.
Peritoneal flap mesh hernioplasty: A reliable option for difficulty in closure of complex ventral hernia: A case report
Authors: Khanal Bhawani , Agrawal Sunit , Sah Suresh , Gurung Roshan , Gupta Rakesh Kumar
Published: December 2020

Peritoneal flap mesh hernioplasty is a technique to deal with complex ventral hernias in which primary closure of the defect is not attainable. We are here presenting a case report of a 50-year-old gentleman with huge complex ventral hernia with loss of domain. The patient also had overlying ulcerated and blackish colored skin. Botulinum toxin was infiltrated into the muscles of anterior abdominal wall and was followed by peritoneal flap mesh hernioplasty after one month. The final outcome was complete closure of the midline with a healthy skin with no evidence of abdominal compartment syndrome. There was no evidence of early recurrence on follow up.

Owing to the favorable outcome in this case, suitability of peritoneal flap mesh hernioplasty technique in treatment of complex ventral hernia could be explored further where closure of the primary defect is difficult.
Perceived risk, preventive behavior and enabling environment among health workers during COVID-19 pandemic in Nepal: an Online Survey
Authors: Sharma Bimala , Shrestha Nirmala , Gurung Nisha , Banstola Sanju
Published: December 2020

Introduction: Perceived risk, preventive behavior and enabling environment play vital role to prevent COVID-19 transmission in health care settings. The study aimed to assess perceived risk, preventive behavior and enabling environment among healthcare workers of different cadre during COVID-19 pandemic in Nepal.
Methods: A cross sectional online survey was conducted among 427 health workers from April 25 to June 10, 2020. A structured questionnaire was prepared in Google form. Perceived risk was measured using 10 items scale, value ranging from 10 to 50. Descriptive and inferential statistics were computed at 5% level of significance. Ethical approval was taken from Nepal Health Research Council.
Results: Of total, 49.6% respondents were male; 38.4% were from government organizations and 48.0% were doctors. Mean perceived risk was 31.8, 32.8, 31.3 among doctors, nursing professionals and others respectively; and it did not have significant difference among them. However, significant differences were observed in different items of perceived risk across difference cadre of health workers. Most of the health workers reported practice of preventive behavior always or most of the time. Of total, 5.4% doctors and 6.9% other health workers reported they had sometimes access to soap and water. 11.7% doctors, 7.5% nursing professionals and 7.8% other health workers had sometimes access to hand sanitizer; 18.0% doctors, 10.4% nursing professionals and 12.1% other health workers had sometimes access to face mask.
Conclusion: Perceived risk of COVID-19 was high, preventive behavior was satisfactory; but access to enabling environment was poor. Therefore, adequate attention should be given to ensure the availability of protective equipment at work place.
Age estimation based on appearance of pisiform bone in selected Nepalese children of Gandaki Province Nepal
Authors: Pangeni Roshan , Khatri Bharat Bahadur , Subedi Nuwadatta , Baral Madan Prasad , Bagale Deepak , Khanal Gopal Prasad
Published: December 2020

Background: Age estimation is based on general physical examination, radiological examination of bones and dental examination. The appearance of ossification center of pisiform bone is one of the important evidence for estimating age among young children between nine to 13 years. The objective of this study is to estimate the age of appearance of pisiform among the Nepalese children.

Materials and methods: It is a cross sectional descriptive study conducted at the department of Radiology, Pokhara Academy of Health Sciences, Western Regional Hospital on the month of July 2020. The Antero posterior view of X Rays of either hand (left or right) including the carpal bones of the patients aged seven to 15 years of 183 Nepalese children archived at the department of Radiology were taken as samples. The X rays were checked for the appearance or non appearance of Pisiform and the age of appearance analysed.

Results: One hundred and twenty seven (69.40%) of total 183 cases were males and 56 (30.60%) were females. The minimum age of appearance of pisiform was 9 years in females and 10 years in males. All the subjects had pisiform bone appeared at the age of 13 years and above.

Conclusion: The minimum age of appearance of Pisiform in the study subjects was 9 years in females and 10 years in males. All the cases have pisiform ossified at the age of 13 years and above.
США. Крах или угасание? Сценарии
Authors: Шумов В. В.
Published: December 2020

Мы являемся свидетелями геополитической инверсии – смены мирового лидера. Подобные явления уже были во всемирной истории, поэтому представляется важным выполнить научный анализ как процессов геополитической инверсии, так и более глубоких процессов, связанных с устойчивым и успешным развитием государств, создаваемых ими коалиций и международных институтов. Анализ объективных тенденций выполнен с использованием математической модели безопасности, для учета субъективных и плохо прогнозируемых факторов применен сценарный подход.
О состоянии и перспективах финансового обеспечения научно-исследовательской деятельности высших образовательных учреждений Минобрнауки России в рамках сотрудничества с Международным центром научной и технической информации
Authors: Лебедев А. А. , Угринович Е. В.
Published: December 2020

В статье проводится анализ состояния и перспектив финансового обеспечения научно-исследовательской деятельности вузов, подведомственных Минобрнауки России в рамках сотрудничества с Международным центром научной и технической информации. Исследуется финансовый вклад каждой страны-члена МЦНТИ в научно-исследовательскую деятельность вузовМинобрнауки России за период 2013 – 2017 годов. Определены основные устойчивые направления и тренды финансового обеспечения вузов Минобрнауки России в области научно-технического сотрудничества со странами-членами МЦНТИ. Установлено ранжирование и определены группы стран участников МЦНТИ, оказывающих наибольшее влияние на финансовое обеспечение научно-исследовательской деятельности вузов Минобрнауки России. Разработаны предложения по перспективам финансового обеспечения научно-исследовательской деятельности вузов подведомственных Минобрнауки России
Depigmenting Effect of Azelaic Acid and Glycolic Acid in MNT-1 and B16-F10 Melanoma Cells
Authors: Cheah Shiau-Chuen , Weng Chia Kam , Keat Tan Chung , Keah Lee Siew , Cheah Shiau-Chuen
Published: December 2020

Treatment for abnormal melanin accumulation is available with controversial results, thus aim of the present
work was to determine azelaic acid (AZ) and glycolic acid (GLY) cytotoxicity and inhibiting melanogenesis
efficacy. Safety concentration and efficacy in reducing the melanin content were access through MTT assay,
Fontana-Masson staining, melanin content assay and tyrosinase (TYR) assay. Kojic acid (KO) was used as
the positive control throughout the assays. AZ and GLY exhibited low cytotoxicity at 100 µg/mL and do
not show suppression towards cell viability as cells were 100% viable. 100 µg/mL and 50 µg/mL AZ and
GLY show comparable depigment effect to the positive control in Fontana-Masson staining and the
depigmentation effect was dose dependent. 100 µg/mL AZ and 100 µg/mL GLY shows significant (P ≤
0.05) reduction of melanin content in both melanoma cells compared to untreated group. TYR activity in
both cells also shows significant lower (P ≤ 0.001) after the treatment with 100 µg/mL AZ and 100 µg/mL
GLY compared to untreated group. AZ and GLY were suggested to suppress melanin formation by directly
inhibiting TYR activity and act as TYR inhibitor. The depigmenting effect was further confirmed with
down-regulating of TYR, TYRP1 and TYRP2. The possible depigmentation mechanisms of AZ and GLY
could be due to inhibition of melanin synthesis and suppression of tyrosinase-related genes expression
including which affecting TYR activity. The depigmenting potential of AZ and GLY can be evaluate further
in-vivo model.
Right Sided Bochdalek Hernia with Ureteric Involvement – A Case Report and Review of Management Options
Authors: Sridhar Shruthi Ashwin , Sridhar Shruthi Ashwin , Ebied Husam
Published: December 2020

Ureteric herniation through a diaphragmatic defect in adults (Bochdalek hernia – BH) is rare, with less than
15 cases reported in the literature. Most patients present with non-specific abdominal symptoms with or
without worsening of renal function, and therefore, the clinical picture can be masked [1]. Management of
ureteric involvement ranges from conservative to reconstructive surgery. We report a case of an elderly
(>80-year-old) patient who presented acutely with symptoms mimicking an acute abdomen and on imaging
was found to have a BH associated with herniation of right ureter causing hydro-ureter. We managed the
patient conservatively, and she improved symptomatically, which was evident from her follow-ups. We
provide a detailed case report of this situation as well as discuss the literature on the topic to guide treatment
decision-making.
Evaluation of Operational Loading of the Light-Rail Transit (LRT) in Capital Region, Indonesia
Authors: Karmiadji Djoko Wahyu , Gozali Muchamad , Anwar Anwar , Purnomo Hedi , Setiyo Muji , Junid Ramli
Published: December 2020

In 2015, the Indonesian government issued regulations to accelerate the implementation of integrated Light-Rail Transit (LRT) in the capital region and its surroundings. In order to ensure its operational safety, experimental work is required to test components’ strength of the manufactured LRT structures. Following the JIS 7105 standard test method, the strain and deflection of the structures were measured by vertical load, compression, rotation, and three-point load support test. The critical area estimated in the railroad structure were conducted according to the finite element method, in which strain gauges are installed in areas where the stress concentration exceeds nominal pressure, namely notches, bends, and junction areas. The result shows that the maximum stress on the LRT train structure occurs at the door, where maximum compressive strain value is -1082 μe » -75.74 MPa on the left and the maximum tensile strain value is 597 μe » 41.79 MPa at the right door. The results of fatigue load analysis represent the average stress (σm) and voltage amplitude (σa) at the coordinate system located in the Søderberg triangle. Meanwhile, the camber value with the full vertical load still has a positive value of 3.03 mm, which indicates a safe limit.
Functional DTI tractography in brainstem cavernoma surgery
Authors: Zdunczyk Anna , Roth Fabia , Picht Thomas , Vajkoczy Peter
Published: December 2020

OBJECTIVE

Surgical resection of brainstem cavernomas is associated with high postoperative morbidity due to the density of local vulnerable structures. Classical mapping of pathways by diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) has proven to be unspecific and confusing in many cases. In the current study, the authors aimed to establish a more reliable, specific, and objective method for somatotopic visualization of the descending motor pathways with navigated transcranial magnetic stimulation (nTMS)–based DTI fiber tracking.

METHODS

Twenty-one patients with brainstem cavernomas were examined with nTMS prior to surgery. The resting motor threshold (RMT) and cortical representation areas of hand, leg, and facial function were determined on both hemispheres. Motor evoked potential (MEP)–positive stimulation spots were then set as seed points for tractography. Somatotopic fiber tracking was performed at a fractional anisotropy (FA) value of 75% of the individual FA threshold.

RESULTS

Mapping of the motor cortex and tract reconstruction for hand, leg, and facial function was successful in all patients. The somatotopy of corticospinal and corticonuclear tracts was also clearly depicted on the brainstem level. Higher preoperative RMT values were associated with a postoperative motor deficit (p < 0.05) and correlated with a lower FA threshold (p < 0.05), revealing structural impairment of the corticospinal tract (CST) prior to surgery. In patients with a new deficit, the distance between the lesion and CST was below 1 mm.

CONCLUSIONS

nTMS-based fiber tracking enables objective somatotopic tract visualization on the brainstem level and provides a valuable instrument for preoperative planning, intraoperative orientation, and individual risk stratification. nTMS may thus increase the safety of surgical resection of brainstem cavernomas.
Cingulate Island Sign in Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography: Clinical Biomarker Correlations in Lewy Body Disease and Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Futamura Akinori , Hieda Sotaro , Mori Yukiko , Sugimoto Azusa , Kasai Hideyo , Kuroda Takeshi , Yano Satoshi , Kasuga Kensaku , Murakami Hidetomo , Ikeuchi Takeshi , Ono Kenjiro
Published: December 2020

We compared ‘CIScore’ determined by quantitative single photon emission computed tomography studies of the cingulate island sign to cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers in Lewy body disease (LBD) and Alzheimer’s disease (AD) to assess its usefulness and pathological background. Among the 16 each age-matched LBD and AD patients, the CIScore differed significantly but was not correlated with CSF biomarkers. In LBD, hippocampal atrophy significantly correlated with Clinical Dementia Rating and CSF p-tau and t-tau levels. Our results showed CIS was not related to CSF biomarkers in LBD and high CSF tau levels were related to clinical disease severity and hippocampal atrophy.
Identifying Preclinical Alzheimer’s Disease Using Everyday Driving Behavior: Proof of Concept
Authors: Babulal Ganesh M. , Johnson Ann , Fagan Anne M. , Morris John C. , Roe Catherine M.
Published: December 2020

We examined whether driving behavior can predict preclinical Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Data from 131 cognitively normal older adults with cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and/or positron emission tomography (PET) biomarkers were examined with naturalistic driving behavior. Receiver operating characteristic curves were used to predict the highest 10%, 25%, and 50% of values for CSF tau/Aβ42, ptau181/Aβ42, or amyloid PET. Six in vivo driving variables alone yielded area under the curves (AUC) from 0.64–0.82. Addition of age, Apolipoprotein ɛ4, and neuropsychological measures to the models improved the AUC (0.81 to 0.90). Driving can be used as novel neurobehavioral marker to identify presence of preclinical AD.
A monthly spatio-temporal modelling of patterns for children on maintenance grant in Namibia
Authors: Ntirampeba Dismas , Nshimyimana B. , Kikawa C.R.
Published: December 2020

BACKGROUND:

Child support grant (CSG) is one of the social protection strategies which is today widely seen as an intervention contributing to poverty reduction. However, despite substantial expenses, it has been documented that Namibia’s social protection benefits do not reach intended beneficiaries in an efficient manner.

AIMS:

This study aims to determine factors associated with spatial and temporal variation in maintenance child grant and as well as identify regions with elevated incidence rate ratios of maintenance grant in Namibia.

METHODS:

We fitted a Bayesian spatio-temporal regression model on maintenance grant data available over 9 years in Namibia.

RESULTS:

The number of children on grant has almost tripled between March 2007 and October 2015 (it changed from 50596 in 2007 to 132840). Unemployment and orphanhood were significantly associated with the incidence rate ratio of maintenance grant (CI:(1.634, 2.627) and CI: (1.000, 1.004), respectively. The adjustment of measurement error in orphanhood through the Berkson error model has ensured the stability of its effect.

CONCLUSIONS:

This study has shown the strength of using measurement error models for analysing child grant data. Furthermore, the study has demonstrated that the northern regions of Namibia have the highest child incidence rate ratio of maintenance grant whereas the regions in central and south are at low incidence rate at present. The maps produced in this study can be particularly helpful in allocating efficiently limited resources in poor settings.
Evektifitas Penggunaan Smartphone Dalam Pembelajaran Bahasa Inggris di SMA Negeri Pangkalpinang
Authors: Juriana Juriana
Published: December 2020

A smartphone is a high-quality technology that combines other advanced features to facilitate human communication and information transactions so that its use is very important when connected to the internet. So that, using smartphones in the world has been “a must” every day. It has positive and negative impacts. This study aims to explore the use of smartphones in English learning for students. Population of the study was all of the state Senior High School in Pangkalpinang, sample was chosen by Cluster Random Sampling. The sample of the study is SMAN 1 Pangkalpinang and SMAN 4 Pangkalpinang. This case study employs both quantitative and qualitative methods. An online questionnaire was used in quantitative, and open questions to get qualitative data. The research instrument used a questionnaire modified from Rossing et al. (2012). The data were analyzed descriptively qualitatively to obtain information about the use of smartphones to support English learning. The study had found that smartphones had positive impacts, especially in English Learning, especially to access subject matter and search for information so that smartphones are very helpful and effective in completing tasks.
Using Anagram Technique to Develop Students’ Vocabulary Mastery to the Seventh Grade Students
Authors: Indrawati Indrawati , Resti Febya
Published: December 2020

Abstract

The research problems of this study were (1) to find out the application of anagram technique in improving student’s vocabulary mastery and (2) to know whether there was a significant difference in vocabulary mastery between the experimental group where the anagram technique was implemented and the control group which no treatment was given during the experiment.  In this study, the writer used the quantitative method with quasi experimental group design. The samples of this study consisted of 36 students of VII E as Experimental Group and 36 students of VII F as Control Group taken from the second year students of seven classes of MTs N Pangkalpinang. The result of the test was analyzed by using statistical analysis of Paired sample t-test and Independent sample t-test. Based on the result analysis, there were two major findings, namely (1) the implementation of Anagram technique in developing students’ vocabulary mastery was successful and the result of difference analysis in post-test of experimental and control group showed that the value of t-obtained was 3.488 which was higher than t-table 2.03 (at the significant level p<0.05 in two tailed testing with degree of freedom 70). The result of this study showed when the means of the post tests between the two classes were compared, the post-test scores were better than the pre-test scores (43.31)for the experimental group (80.89).