bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dialogues of Desolate Men
Authors: MacBean Lorna
Published: July 2024

Literature in early modern Scotland was a medium for education which stemmed from the king and court to the wider community. Historically, Scotland’s literature conveys a penchant for moral and social reform in which the king acted as a spiritual figurehead used to represent the self and society as a whole, enabling the literature to centre around an identifiable exemplar. The parallels between David Lyndsay and William Lithgow are few – they wrote in very different times and were very different men – however, their poetry displays the unease they both felt in their kingless Scotland. The monarchical void forced both poets to identify themselves outwith the influence of the King and Court and to resituate their voices within the new political and cultural landscapes. This paper explores the way in which both poets used the form of dialogue to restructure the method of didactic transmission from taking the monarch as the spiritual moorings, to looking to reason and, as they believed to be the moral epitome, God.
Perceptions of an Icon
Authors: Pegaseva Ksenija
Published: July 2024

Death of a Virgin is arguably Caravaggio’s most renowned work, and is one of the most celebrated and recognisable paintings in the world, being one of the main attractions at the Louvre in Paris. The painting was also welcomed by contemporary artists who thought it radical in its naturalism. The painting was rejected, however, by the Carmelites that commissioned it. Catholic perceptions of the Virgin were of monumental perfectionism, an image that was not produced by Caravaggio in his pursuit of a realistic depiction of the holy scene.
Stories Which Transfix Society
Authors: Mackenzie Hannah
Published: July 2024

For the sociologist there is rarely any fixed ‘reality’ which can be uncovered. All theoretical or methodological attempts to understand the social world are recognised as just one of many possible interpretations. However a sociological reading of Remembrance Sunday does have the capacity to highlight the misleading features of the common cultural perception of the practice. Offering in contrast, not necessarily a ‘reality’ to replace these views, but simply an alternative and critical perception.
Transtheoretical Understanding of the Emotions
Authors: Fairweather Rory E.
Published: July 2024

Individual theories of the emotions tend to isolate themselves from others and in doing so they necessarily lack the strengths of the other theories. The dogmatic spat between cognitive and non-cognitive theories of the emotions, which I explore here, is symptomatic of this insularity. To have a satisfying understanding of the emotions we must acknowledge the strengths and discard the weaknesses of each theory. As such, I argue that it is only through dialogue between theories that we can achieve a strong conceptualisation of the emotions.
Speciesism and Equality of Consideration
Authors: Askham Emily
Published: July 2024

Speciesism, like racism and sexism is an extreme view that turns individuals into an isolated group in order to attack it and this should be halted with immediate effect. Speciesism is a practice by which we judge non-human animals and treat them in certain ways for no other reason than that they are of a different species. To illustrate the importance of rejecting speciesism, I will consider what the best form of anti-speciesism to defend is, namely a principle of weak antispeciesism that I believe arises from a general principle of equal consideration. I will argue that equal consideration of every individual leads to a society of fewer extremes.
Significance of Tita’s Feminine and Transformative Power in Laura Esquivel’s Como agua para chocolate
Authors: Linning Lindsay
Published: July 2024

We can analyse Laura Esquivel’s Como agua para chocolate as a novel which delivers a message of female emancipation impeded by the shackles of tradition. In this extract of my dissertation, I examine the plight of the protagonist, Tita, by considering the roles played by the kitchen domain and her mother and sister in her plight as a female struggling for liberation. In Como agua para chocolate, Tita’s outcry for a voice of her own from within the kitchen realm contends with the voice of the patriarchal society of the early 20th century Mexico as embodied by her mother, and it is this conflict which generates scope for feminist analysis of the novel. Therefore, I aim to demonstrate that Tita is instrumental in projecting the novel’s feminist message.
African-American poet’s dilemma
Authors: Adam Sibyl
Published: July 2024

The black poet’s identity is directly affected when living in a society of mixed messages caused by segregation laws, where socially he is deemed inferior, and consequently this is reflected in his poetry, as is the pressure of integrating with established white poetics forms. In an attempt to find a place in which to belong, he utilises his African heritage and a feeling of collectiveness within his community, but this is not always successful. More hope lies in his ability to assimilate into the American poetic structure, adding his own input along with the white literary canon.
non-linear politics of language
Authors: Green Claire
Published: July 2024

This article will examine the relation between power and language in the case of the repression of Catalan by Franco’s dictatorship. This is an issue of contemporary relevance, as the Catalan independence and language movements are coming to increasing prominence within the Spanish state. To analyse why language was of such concern for Franco’s regime, I will look at the relation of language and power in a broader theoretical sense, and how these concepts manifested themselves in the particular Catalan case. Finally, I will examine two events which serve as intersections of the myriad forces at play in Franco’s repression of Catalan. An analysis of the political nature of language in this context must allow for the multifaceted, non-linear interrelations of history, institutions and socio-cultural factors, and so will draw on the discussions of language in the work of Manuel de Landa, and Deleuze and Guattari.
Voicing freedom
Authors: Hemphill Ailsa
Published: July 2024

Ngũgĩ wa Thiong’o’s A Grain of Wheat is set in Kenya in 1963, the year the country became independent from the British. It depicts both colonisers and colonised, and explores the workings of power both before and after independence, unsettling the notion that gaining independence can be equated with gaining freedom. Drawing from the political philosopher Isaiah Berlin’s concerns about the dangers of conflating status with freedom, this article reflects on the workings of colonial and neo-colonial power in the novel. There are parallels between the coloniser/colonised dynamics of A Grain of Wheat and those of Shakespeare’s The Tempest, as in both texts the language of freedom is used ambiguously to the benefit of the coloniser. Ngũgĩ’s novel demonstrates that a nation may be declared free in a way which in fact works to conceal the lack of freedom of its people, and that voicing freedom in a negative as opposed to a positive sense exposes the violation of fundamental freedoms.
Construction of the (Convincing) Child Subject in Victorian Literature
Authors: Arthur Katie
Published: July 2024

Drawing on genre theory and especially Shklovsky’s definition of ostranenie, or defamiliarisation, this article investigates the evolution of the construction and understanding of the child subject in Victorian literature. Engaging not only with the role of literature in shaping representations of the child, but also how the child's knowledge is furthered or tested through the genre of ‘children’s literature’, this article offers close readings of several key novels. From the ‘plastic children’ of Dickens to Carroll’s empowered Alice, this article fuses a discussion of the technique of defamiliarisation in creating a convincing child voice with an emphasis on the implications of doing so. Moreover, it traces the roots of the contemporary child’s agency as well as the linguistic formulations of childhood, language, and civil society. In weighing the distinctions between nineteenth-century realism and non-sense, this article ultimately proposes that the ostranenie synonymous with the technique of the child’s standpoint evokes a coded social commentary, shifting the child from an affective to a political narrative device.
Identifying the Ideological Social Construct
Authors: Evans Moreland Connor William
Published: July 2024

In contemporary western discourse the concept of the social fact has gradually been diluted in favour of what many activists refer to as the ‘social construct’. However, this approach to constructivism is not truly sociological, and is based on discourse rather than analysis. This has led to a rise in ‘pop’ sociology. The first half of this article will explore what I have deemed the ‘ideological social construct’, its origins in western discourse and its relation to contemporary identity politics. The second half will focus on possible reconstructive methods for the harm that the ideological social construct has done to social science methodology.
Turning a Man’s World into a Woman’s World
Authors: De Vries Emmi
Published: July 2024

Why do females who identify as heterosexual write and/or read male/male erotic fiction? The goal of this paper shall be to highlight one explanation of the appeal this genre holds as a form of entertainment for some, while certainly not all, of its female readers and writers. It will be argued that the key to understanding the genre’s appeal for these women is not the homosexual content of the narratives. Rather, male/male erotic fiction, with its challenge to binary and hierarchical gender roles, is used by them to dabble in privileges traditionally reserved for men and thus as a tool to create quasi-egalitarian experiences for them within a gendered society.
Of Heroes and Heartbreak
Authors: Elvery Gabriel
Published: July 2024

This article uses a psychoanalytic framework informed by Fantasy theory to investigate how the Japanese Role-Playing Fantasy video game Ni No Kuni: Wrath of the White Witch offers a depiction of, and engagement with, emotional issues via its deployment of literalised metaphors of affect. In doing so, it considers the overlaps between Fantasy and video games, coining the term ‘Digital Fantasy’ to describe video games which evoke Fantasy worlds and use the imagery of Fantasy as a means of communicating emotion. The close reading provided uses the work of Fantasy theorists such as Rosemary Jackson and Kathryn Hume, combined with Freudian psychoanalytic theory, to explore how Digital Fantasies use varying degrees of Fantasy and mimesis to offer interactive representations of affective processes such as mourning and melancholia. The analysis demonstrates the continued influence of psychoanalytic imagery as a means of understanding emotion, whilst posing that its deployment within Digital Fantasy situates the form as one of exploring and understanding the emotional challenges of everyday life.
The Prevalence of Distracted Walking While Using Mobile Technology: An Observational Study of High School Students in Kahramanmaras, Türkiye
Authors: Beyoğlu Muhammed Mustafa , Kaya Erhan , Şahin Musa , Solak Yavuzalp , Kurt Burak , Beyoğlu Elif , Temizer Mithat , Benli Kaya Duygu
Published: July 2024

Objective: Distracted walking is defined as any activity that diverts a pedestrian's attention from walking. The increasing addiction to mobile phone use has recently led to a rise in dangerous accidents caused by distracted walking. This study aimed to assess the prevalence and preventable causes of distracted walking among high school students crossing intersections with pedestrian crossings.
Material and Methods: High school students (n=3237) between the ages of 14 and 18 from 10 different high schools, including 5 high schools in the Müze crossing area and 5 high schools in the Belediye crossing area, were observed while crossing the pedestrian crossing. Poisson regression was applied to determine the association between distracted walking and various factors, including the city, average household income in the surrounding area, type of pedestrian crossing, and the gender of pedestrians.
Results: A total of 3237 students were observed walking near 10 high schools in the city centre of Turkey, of whom 1514 exhibited distracted walking (45.77%). The estimated prevalence of distracted walking was 45.77% (95% CI 45.06-48.49%). Of the students who exhibited distracted walking, 85.5% were engaged in some way with their mobile phones. The highest rate was observed in the group looking down and/or using their phones (62.81%).
Conclusion: Our study reveals striking results about the distracted walking behavior of pedestrians in dense urban areas. The high rate of distracted walking among students indicates significant pedestrian-oriented security weaknesses. This study underscores the importance of addressing distracted walking to improve pedestrian safety and prevent potential accidents in urban environments.
Ischemic stroke: focus on hyperuricemia
Authors: Yusupov F. A. , Yuldashev A. A.
Published: July 2024

Uric acid is a weak organic acid with a molecular weight of 168.112 g/mol. Most uric acid at normal blood pH circulates as urates, negatively charged weak salts derived from uric acid. Being the end product of the process of purine catabolism, uric acid is excreted from the human body in urine until kidney function is impaired. Hyperuricemia may occur due to decreased excretion, increased production, or a combination of both mechanisms. Over the past decades, several studies in the adult population have attempted to establish the correlation between the risk of stroke and serum uric acid concentrations, and how these levels influence the patient's neurological outcome after stroke. Our review is devoted to the study of the mechanisms of normal purine metabolism, disorders of purine metabolism and pathogenetic mechanisms of the development of ischemic stroke in hyperuricemia.
Clinical signifi cance of various variants of euthyroid pathology syndrome in patients with end-stage chronic kidney disease on programmed hemodialysis
Authors: Allamova G. G. , Dygun O. D. , Karunnaya A. V. , Yesayan A. M. , Lukichev B. G. , Volkova A. R. , Krasnova E. S. , Mayer A. A.
Published: July 2024

The number of patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) is growing every year. Due to the high comorbidity of such patients, the search for factors that influence the course of the disease and outcome is of particular importance. Indications for studying the functional state of the thyroid gland, as well as recommendations for the treatment of thyroid dysfunction in patients with ESRD have not been developed.

THE AIM: to study indicators of thyroid status and identify clinically significant variants of the euthyroid pathology syndrome in patients with ESRD on program hemodialysis (PHD).

PATIENTS AND METHODS. The study included 123 patients with ESRD undergoing PHD. A cross-sectional study was conducted to examine thyroid function parameters in patients with ESCKD undergoing PHD. All patients were assessed for the levels of thyroidstimulating hormone (TSH), free triiodothyronine (free T3) and free thyroxine (free T4), the comorbidity index, which was calculated using the Charlson scale, the effectiveness of program hemodialysis using Kt/V, and the urea reduction coefficient (URR).

RESULTS. Increased TSH levels were associated with higher body mass index in the studied patients. “Low T3” syndrome is associated with older age and high comorbidity. The high level of T4 in the examined patients is also associated with old age, high comorbidity and a KT/V index below the target values.

CONCLUSION. The TSH level in patients with endstage renal insufficiency on programmed hemodialysis does not reflect the true functional state of the thyroid gland.
Features of the course of the new coronavirus infection COVID-19 in patients with chronic kidney disease
Authors: Bochkareva V. O. , Petrova M. M. , Shimokhina N. Yu. , Demko I. V. , Obukhova I. A. , Kozlov E. V.
Published: July 2024

BACKGROUND: CKD is one of the main comorbidities in those who die from COVID-19. Renal injury is the most common nonpulmonary infection of SARS-CoV-2 and has a wide range of manifestations, ranging from mild proteinuria and hematuria to progressive acute kidney injury (AKI) requiring renal replacement therapy (RRT).

THE AIM: to study the features of the course of the new coronavirus infection COVID-19 in patients with chronic kidney disease.

PATIENTS AND METHODS: The study included 79 patients with confirmed new coronavirus infection COVID-19 who hospitalized. The first group consisted of people with a history of CKD (44 people), the second group included people without a history of CKD (35 people). The diagnosis of CKD established based on the calculation of glomerular filtration rate using the CKD-EPI formula. The comorbidity index calculated using two scales: Charlson and CIRS-G. Statistical data analysis carried out using the Statistica 12.0 application package (StatSoft Inc., USA).

RESULTS: Patients with COVID-19 and CKD had a higher comorbidity index: according to the Charlson index in one group of patients the indicator was 7 [5.0-9.0], and in group 2 it was 5 [4.0-6.0] (p<0.001). According to the CIRS-G index, in one group the indicator was 9 [7-11.5], in two group it was 4 [2-6] (p <0.001). Patients in one group had a greater degree of damage to the lung tissue according to MSCT of the OGK; in laboratory tests, the levels of CRP, ferritin, LDH, and d-dimer were higher; leukocytosis with a neutrophil shift in the leukocyte count observed.

CONCLUSION: Patients with a history of chronic kidney disease (CKD) had more severe COVID-19 and higher mortality.
Mind the gap in kidney care: translating what we know into what we do
Authors: Luyckx Valerie A. , Tuttle Katherine R. , Abdellatif Dina , Correa-Rotter Ricardo , Fung Winston W.S. , Haris Agnès , Hsiao Li-Li , Khalife Makram , Kumaraswami Latha A. , Loud Fiona , Raghavan Vasundhara , Roumeliotis Stefanos , Sierra Marianella , Ulasi Ifeoma , Wang Bill , Lui Siu-Fai , Liakopoulos Vassilios , Balducci Alessandro , For the World Kidney Day Joint Steering Committee. .
Published: July 2024

Historically, it takes an average of 17 years to move new treatments from clinical evidence to daily practice. Given the highly effective treatments now available to prevent or delay kidney disease onset and progression, this is far too long. The time is now to narrow the gap between what we know and what we do. Clear guidelines exist for the prevention and management of common risk factors for kidney disease, such as hypertension and diabetes, but only a fraction of people with these conditions worldwide are diagnosed, and even fewer are treated to target. Similarly, the vast majority of people living with kidney disease are unaware of their condition, because in the early stages it is often silent. Even among patients who have been diagnosed, many do not receive appropriate treatment for kidney disease. Considering the serious consequences of kidney disease progression, kidney failure, or death, it is imperative that treatments are initiated early and appropriately. Opportunities to diagnose and treat kidney disease early must be maximized beginning at the primary care level. Many systematic barriers exist, ranging from patient to clinician to health systems to societal factors. To preserve and improve kidney health for everyone everywhere, each of these barriers must be acknowledged so that sustainable solutions are developed and implemented without further delay.
Reciclado de PEBD reforzado con partículas de hierro como propuesta sustentable para la economía circular
Authors: Sánchez Pozos Miriam , Ayala Rodrigo Aguilar
Published: July 2024

El procesamiento del polietileno de baja densidad reciclado (PEBDR) empleando extrusión resultó ser una alternativa muy útil para procesar el plástico de desecho. El PEBDR reforzado con Fe, presentó mejorías significativas en las propiedades mecánicas de deformación a la tensión, e impacto Charpy. El polietileno de baja densidad virgen (PEBD) reforzado con Fe, presentó valores más elevados de resistencia a la tensión y dureza en función de la cantidad de Fe incorporado. Sin embargo, el PEBDR reforzado con Fe, presentó propiedades interesantes, ya que se mejoran significativamente las propiedades mecánicas con respecto a las propiedades del material virgen. Se elaboraron materiales compuestos a base (PEBD) y (PEBDR) ambos reforzados con partículas de Fe en porcentajes de 0, 5, 10, 15, 20 y 25 % p/p empleando un extrusor monohusillo. Estos materiales pueden ser una opción sustentable, para ser usados como materiales estructurales, debido a las prestaciones mecánicas que presentaron. Lo cual permitiría reintegrar los desechos de PEBD en la cadena productiva, dándoles un nuevo valor agregado y por tanto, una pequeña aportación a la economía circular de los plásticos.
Tratamiento de un surfactante comercial presente en el agua por el proceso fenton
Authors: Plata Saldívar Jhoana , Girón Navarro Rocío , Garduño Pineda Laura , García González Nidia , Plata Saldívar Leonel
Published: July 2024

Los surfactantes son el ingrediente principal o sustancia activa de un detergente, gracias a la capacidad que tienen de romper la tensión superficial del agua, es que ocurre la detergencia, definida como la eliminación de sustancias no deseadas de una superficie sólida puesta en contacto con un líquido. Su estructura consta de una parte de naturaleza polar que presenta afinidad al agua (hidrofílica) y otra naturaleza apolar que presenta afinidad hacia sustancias no polares (hidrófobo). Por ello, atendiendo a la importancia para la economía y cubrimiento de necesidades de los individuos como agente de limpieza y de cuidado personal entre otros, se tiene en cuenta el impacto que genera al medio ambiente una vez que son utilizados, pues en la mayoría de los casos son agentes transformadoras de agua y ecosistemas sino se asumen procesos responsables para su degradación. En este estudio de investigación se llevó a cabo un diseño experimental para la degradación del surfactante comercial Ácido Dodecil Benceno Sulfónico (ADBS) mediante el proceso Fenton, mismo que se obtuvo del uso de un software estadístico.  Después de los tratamientos con el proceso Fenton se determinó la relación óptima de cloruro férrico con peróxido de hidrógeno (37.68 mg/L de FeCl3 y 53.41 mg/L de H2O2) para obtener un 100% de degradación del surfactante en un tiempo menor de 2 horas, asimismo se concluyó que el pH tiene un efecto significativo en el potencial de oxidación de radicales ·OH.
A mobile application to create awareness about scholar’s activities
Authors: Nava Muñoz Sandra Edith , Ibarra Cuevas Dennise M. , Aceves de Alba Jorge , Ramos Blanco Alberto , Martínez Pérez Francisco E.
Published: July 2024

Mobile computing has been more accessible to people and the development of software for this area seeks to enhance all its benefits. A stand-alone mobile application does not depend on an Internet connection for its operation, and this operation allows it to be more useful. There are some platforms that allow us to manage an agenda and therefore get notifications about what we have scheduled, but an internet connection is needed if you want to check the agenda from a mobile device. This work, developed for a school context, offers to users a stand-alone mobile application to create awareness about activities planned in a school calendar. The application downloads the calendar only when such calendar gets updated and later works independently. It also sends personalized notifications according to the user's profile configured on the mobile device. The application called Uni-Agenda was developed in its first version and concept tests were carried out to ensure its correct operation. The next step is to release it to a group of university students so features like performance and usability will be evaluated.
MONITORING AND EVALUATION TOOLS AND PERFORMANCE OF CLIMATE CHANGE PROJECT: A CASE OF GREEN AMAYAGA PROJECT
Authors: Bernadette Kayitesi  , Dr. Eugenia Nkechi Irechukwu
Published: July 2024

The purpose of this research was to examine monitoring and evaluation tools and performance of climate change project, case study of Green Amayaga Project. The research was guided by the following specific objectives: to evaluate the effect of project control tools on the performance of Green Amayaga climate change project, to assess the effect of project performance reporting on the performance of Green Amayaga climate change project and to determine the effect of project results evaluation on the performance of Green Amayaga climate change project. Three theories identified in this research include goal setting theory, theory of change and evaluation theory of tree. Furthermore, the research design used both descriptive and correlation analyses. The target population was made up of 143 people while the sample size is 106 selected using simple random sampling technique and quota sampling including the beneficiaries of Green Amayaga Project. Primary data was collected using questionnaires and interview guide. The findings revealed a strong relationship between project control tools and project performance as reported by the Pearson correlation (r=0.735, p<0.05). The findings on objective two (r=0.604, p<0.05) indicates positive and significant relationship with project performance. The findings based on the third objective reported a moderate positive relationship (r=0.504, p<0.000) between project result evaluation and project performance. The regression analysis reported R2=0.810 showing that 81% of the project performance is due to the influence of the use of project M&E tools such as project control tools, project performance reporting and project result evaluation. The researcher recommends that the project managers in community-based projects such as the Green Amayaga should use the M&E tools to ensure such projects achieve their development objectives within their budget, timeframe, and scope. The researcher also recommends that progressive reporting should be adopted in order to continuously furnish the donors and other stakeholders with relevant information for decision making.
KEY WORDS: Monitoring and Evaluation, M&E Tools, Climate change adaptation, Project Performance, Rwanda
INFLUENCE OF SURVEYING ALTITUDE AND SOLAR ZENITH ANGLE ON WHEAT VEGETATION INDICES ACCORDING TO UAV DATA
Authors: Ayurzhanaev Aleksandr , Il'in Yuriy , Sodnomov Bator , Zharnikova Margarita , Alymbaeva Zhargalma
Published: July 2024

The purpose of the study is to assess the influence of the survey altitude and the solar zenith angle on the color and spectral vegetation indices (VI) of wheat obtained from survey data from a UAV in the arid climate of Transbaikalia. Tasks: to perform multi-altitude aerial photography of the experimental field at different positions of the Sun; to calculate the VI and conduct a comparative statistical analysis of the obtained data. The study was carried out at the training and reclamation site of the Buryat State Agricultural Academy named after V.R. Filippov in the suburbs of Ulan-Ude on August 12, 2023. An experimental field with an area of 600 m2 is sown with Selenga wheat variety, bred for the arid conditions of the Republic of Buryatia. The field is divided into 4 strips with different levels of irrigation and rainfed option. Each lane is represented by 3 NPK experiments in triplicate. The assessment of dependencies was carried out within one variant, divided into 20 identical segments in order to maintain sample homogeneity. The survey of a section of the experimental field was carried out at altitudes from 40 to 200 m at solar zenith angles from 36.5 to 74.5° using UAVs equipped with RGB and multispectral cameras. Color and spectral VIs were calculated. The groups of color VIs ExG-ExGR-GLI and ExR-NDI-VARI and spectral VIs NDVI-RVI and SAVI-DVI are mutually interchangeable due to their high pairwise correlation (more than 0.99). The results of the Wilcoxon test generally showed the similarity of the average VI values of GLI, ExG, ExGR, as well as NDVI and SAVI during the period from 14:10 to 17:30, which is optimal for surveying. The average VI va¬lues decrease with height and differ significantly, so the surveying altitude should be taken into account when monitoring the condition of crops. It is necessary to develop the scientific foundations of unmanned agricultural monitoring in various climatic conditions.
SLAUGHTER PRODUCTS VETERINARY AND SANITARY EXAMINATION IN THE PARASITIC DISEASES STRUCTURE IN THE KABARDINO-BALKARIAN REPUBLIC
Authors: Karashaev Muaed
Published: July 2024

The purpose of research is to study the results of post-mortem examination of beef, to monitor parasitic diseases among the population of the Kabardino-Balkarian Republic. The material for the study was the data obtained from post-mortem examinations from 2020 to 2022 and information from the Center for Hygiene and Epidemiology of the Office of the Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Welfare in the Kabardino-Balkarian Republic for the same period. Recently, a significant part of productive animals in the territory of the Kabardino-Balkarian Republic comes from the southern regions of the Russian Federation. Based on the results of reports conducted by the veterinary service for the period 2020–2022. 7,427 cattle carcasses were identified with affected organs and tissues by the following invasive diseases: Fasciolosis, Echinococcosis, Dicrocoeliasis. In 2020, the highest infection rate was due to Echinococcus granulosus infestation – 42.54 %, followed by Fasciola hepatica and Fasciola gigantica – 32.52 %; the smallest – when infected with Dicrocoelium lanceatum – 24.94 %. In 2021, the highest level of infection was also due to infection by Echinococcus granulosus – 39.02 %, then Fasciola hepatica and Fasciola gigantica – 36.72 %, the lowest was due to infection by Dicrocoelium lanceatum – 24.24 %. In 2022, most of the culling occurred due to infestation: Echinococcus granulosus – 38.50 %, then Fasciola hepatica and Fasciola gigantica – 36.80 %, the least due to infection with Dicrocoelium lanceatum – 24.68 %. Favorable natural and climatic conditions, pasture animal husbandry, and peculiarities of the social structure of the population of the Kabardino-Balkarian Republic lead to the interaction of the pathogen and host populations. Based on the results of epidemiological examinations of foci of invasive diseases of the population in the Russian Federation, the following results were obtained: over the past 5 years (2017–2021), 1,909 cases of infection with Echinococcus granulosus were identified. In total, 551 cases of infection with Echinococcus granulosus and Echinococcus multilocularis were registered in the Russian Federation in 2022.
MIGRATION ACTIVITY OF 137CS INTO AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS OF BIOGEOCENOSES OF THE KRASNOYARSK REGION
Authors: Fedotova Arina
Published: July 2024

The purpose of the study is to determine the intensity of 137Cs movement along the trophic chain “soil – diet – livestock products” in the agricultural landscapes of the Krasnoyarsk Region with additional radiation load. A literature review of scientific data characterizing the features of the migration activity of 137Cs in the links “soil – feed – livestock products” in agrobiocenoses with radioactive contamination above established standards is given. Based on the results of a radioecological survey of agricultural landscapes in the central regions of the Krasnoyarsk Region and calculation of absorbed doses, the author identified agricultural landscapes with additional technogenic pollution and determined the specific activity of 137Cs in feed and cow's milk in agricultural landscapes with additional technogenic load. The specific activity values of 137Cs in agricultural landscape feeds with doses of 1.33 and 1.55 mGy/year are higher than the background va¬lue for the Krasnoyarsk Region. The content of 137Cs in livestock products produced in farm biogeocenoses with additional technogenic load is higher than the average for the region, but does not exceed the criterion of regulatory documents; accordingly, radiation-safe agricultural products are produced on the territory of the Krasnoyarsk Region. For agricultural landscapes with absorbed doses of 1.33 and 1.55 mGy/year, a KP for the link “feed – livestock products” has been established. When the radioecological situation changes, the established Kp values can be used to predict the migration of 137Cs in the chain “soil – feed – livestock products”. A direct linear moderate Spearman rank correlation was identified between the specific activity of 137Cs in feed and the concentration of 137Cs in cow's milk. Linear regression equations have been determined to determine the specific activity of cow's milk based on data on the specific activity of 137Cs in feed. The revealed direct linear relationship indicates that even a slight increase in the 137Cs activity of the diet leads to an equivalent increase in the specific activity of technogenic cesium in cow's milk.
USE OF BUCKWHEAT IN BREAD RECIPE
Authors: Badamshina Elena , Leonova Svetlana , Nikulina Nelya
Published: July 2024

The purpose of research is to study the chemical composition of buckwheat varieties bred in the Republic of Bashkortostan and the influence of buckwheat flour on bread quality indicators. Objectives: to study the chemical composition of buckwheat varieties in the Republic of Bashkortostan, to identify varieties that have the highest nutritional value; to set parameters for soaking and germination of buckwheat grains; to carry out the selection of technological parameters for baking bread from composite flour (first grade wheat flour and buckwheat flour); to explore the quality indicators of bread. The study was carried out at the Department of Technology of Public Nutrition and Processing of Plant Raw Materials of the Fe¬deral State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education "Bashkir State Agrarian University" and in the analytical laboratory of the Bashkir Research Institute of Agriculture UFITs RAS. The results of the chemical composition of buckwheat varieties Agidel, Zemlyachka, Ilishevskaya, Inzerskaya selection of the Republic of Bashkortostan for the 2019–2021 harvest, as well as the use of flour from sprouted buckwheat grains on the quality indicators of wheat bread are presented. Based on nutritional value, the buckwheat variety Inzerskaya was selected for the production of buckwheat flour for inclusion in the bread recipe. The physicochemical parameters of flour from sprouted buckwheat grain, as well as the content of flavonoids in buckwheat flour, were determined. Optimal parameters for germination of buckwheat grain have been identified, which prove an improvement in the physico-chemical parameters and antioxidant activity of the resulting flour, which confirms the need to use this flour in the bread recipe. The optimal content of flour from sprouted buckwheat grain as part of a composite mixture with first-grade wheat flour was identified, which was 10%, which improves the organoleptic and physicochemical properties of bread.
BOILED AND SMOKED SAUSAGE MADE FROM WILD ANIMAL MEAT
Authors: Vasil'ev Aleksandr , Chumakova Elena , Farinyuk Yuriy
Published: July 2024

The purpose of research is to develop a recipe, technology and evaluate the quality of boiled-smoked sausages made from the meat of wild animals (elk, wild boar). Objectives: to develop a recipe for boiled-smoked sausage from wild animal meat; to evaluate the quality characteristics of the developed sausage products; to calculate the economic efficiency of the production of boiled-smoked sausage. The object of research is three samples of boiled smoked sausage: control – compliance with the standard recipe; sample № 1 – with the addition of 60 % of the main raw material of boar meat; sample № 2 – with the addition of 60 % of the main raw material of elk meat. Research was carried out on the basis of Zavolzhsky Meat Processing Plant LLC, Tver Region and the Department of Agrobiotechnologies, Processing and Seed Production of the Tver State Agricultural Academy. As a result of comprehensive research, the feasibility of producing boiled-smoked sausages from elk and wild boar meat was determined, which is necessary to expand the range of gourmet sausage products. All developed and manufactured samples of sausage products fully complied with the requirements of GOST R 55455-2013 “Cooked-smoked sausages. Technical conditions". The best combination of organoleptic and physicochemical characteristics was found in a sausage sample made from elk meat. The protein content in it was 17.2 %. This same sample of sausage provided the highest indicators of economic efficiency, increasing profits relative to the control version, made according to the classic recipe, by 9.1 % with an increase in profitability by 1.3 %. At the next stages of research, it is planned to expand the number of types of meat and additional raw materials used in the design of sausage product recipes.
PEANUT FLOUR INFLUENCE ON SPONGE CAKE BAKING PROPERTIES
Authors: Dubrovina Ol'ga , Zubkova Tatyana
Published: July 2024

The purpose of research is to study the effect of peanut flour on the baking properties of sponge cake. Objectives: to study the chemical composition of peanut flour; to determine the optimal dosage of peanut flour for making biscuits; to investigate the physicochemical and organoleptic quality indicators of the resulting biscuit. The experience is presented in five options. The control variant was a biscuit prepared according to the classic recipe: wheat flour – 100 g, chicken egg – 2 pcs., white sugar – 100 g. Replacing wheat flour with peanut flour was presented in options 2–5 at a rate of 25; 50; 75; 100 % accordingly. When performing the work, we were guided by STB 549-94. To prepare the dough, all ingredients (accor-ding to the options) were weighed using electronic scales (1st accuracy class) GF-200 and whipped in a whipping machine. The resulting dough was placed in silicone molds and baked in a ShHL-065 SPU oven at a temperature of 190 °C for 20 minutes. The chemical composition of wheat and peanut flour, the effect of partial replacement of wheat flour with peanut flour (25, 50, 75 and 100 %) on the physicochemical parameters and organoleptic properties of the resulting products were studied. Peanut flour had a significant amount of protein and low carbohydrate content compared to wheat flour. Sponge cake weight, specific volume and crumb density decreased significantly with increasing peanut flour level. In a biscuit enriched with peanut flour, the acidity of the product increases. The results of a tasting assessment of the consumer properties of the resulting sponge cake made it possible to establish the priority of this product based on peanut-wheat flour with a peanut flour content of 50 %. The data obtained allow us to conclude that it is promising to use peanut flour in the production of sponge cake products in a proportion of up to 50 % of the share of wheat flour; this ratio allows improving the taste properties of the products, balancing them in terms of nutritional and biological value.
STUDYING THE ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF JUNIPER EXTRACTS AND THEIR IMPACT ON MICROBIAL CONTAMINATION OF BAKERY PRODUCTS
Authors: Ivanchenko Ol'ga , Onufrienko Galina
Published: July 2024

The purpose of the study is to determine the antimicrobial activity of extracts of juniper berries and needles and their effect on microbial contamination of bakery products by microscopic fungi. In the course of the work, experimental extracts from juniper berries and needles with various concentrations were obtained, the antimicrobial activity of experimental extracts was assessed on strains of yeast Candida tropicalis, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Rhodotorula rubra and bacteria Bacillus subtilis and Escherichia coli, as well as test baking of bread and its implementation. storage for further assessment of the effect of the studied concentrations of extracts on microbial contamination and shelf life of products. The extractants used to obtain experimental extracts were water and an aqueous solution of 50 % alcohol. The antimicrobial activity of the experimental extracts was assessed using the disk-diffusion method; dry nutrient media GMF and Sabouraud were used for the growth of microorganisms. The results of assessing the antimicrobial activity of the experimental extracts showed that none of the obtained extracts affected the growth of yeast strains. Aqueous and hydroalcoholic extracts of juniper needles at a concentration of 25 % showed inhibition of the growth of Bacillus subtilis and Escherichia coli bacteria. After test baking on a prototype bread with an aqueous extract of juniper needles, 25 % growth of mold fungi was detected after 72 hours of storage. No fungal growth was detected on the sample with a hydroalcoholic extract of juniper needles after 96 hours of storage.
TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS FOR MEAT AND VEGETABLE PATES OF A SPECIFIED COMPOSITION
Authors: Kupchak Dar'ya
Published: July 2024

The purpose of the study is to develop technological solutions for obtaining meat-and-vegetable pates of a given composition. Objectives: to develop technological approaches to the creation of protein-carbohydrate components based on soybeans, vegetables and wild-growing raw materials; to justify the technological parameters for the production of meat and vegetable pates. The general scheme of research included the development of technology for soy-carrot, soy-pepper, soy-pepper-mushroom and soy-carrot-fern granulates, as well as pates from rabbit meat and liver with the resulting granules, which were the objects of research and were assessed based on a combination of various indicators. The results of the study are presented, in accordance with which a technology has been developed for the production of protein-carbohydrate components based on soybeans, vegetables, wild-growing Far Eastern raw materials, including operations for joint disintegration and extraction, pre-soaked soybean seeds and chopped fresh carrots or sweet peppers, separation of the resulting mixture, introduction into the insoluble residue of onions, bracken, mushrooms, granulation and drying. Analysis of the chemical composition of the deve-loped protein-carbohydrate components showed that the proposed technology made it possible to increase the content of protein, fat, and dietary fiber, which exceeds similar indicators for dried vegetable concentrates existing on the market. By purposefully varying the amount of meat and protein-carbohydrate components, their optimal ratio of 70: 30 % was determined. Based on the analysis of mathematical mo-dels, the main factors influencing the quality of rabbit meat and liver pates with a protein-carbohydrate component were determined: mass fraction of the protein-carbohydrate component – 30.00–30.55 %; mass fraction of fat – 12.6–16.3 %; cutting duration is 8.6–10.7 minutes. The production technology of the designed meat-and-vegetable pates of a given composition has been experimentally confirmed.
ADAPTATION OF HUMULUS LUPULUS L. REGENERANTS TO EX VITRO CONDITIONS
Authors: Bychkova Ol'ga , Mironenko Ol'ga , Nebylica Anastasiya , Zhelonkina Yuliya , Myakisheva Elena
Published: July 2024

The purpose of the study is to develop a scheme for two-stage adaptation of regenerated plants of common hop (Humulus lupulus L.) to ex vitro conditions using a hydroponic installation. Objectives: to study the influence of the method of fixing hop regenerants in a hydroponic system; to determine the duration of the adaptation stage in hydroponics; to select the substrate composition at the second stage of adaptation. The object was a sterile culture of common hop of three varieties: Tsivilsky, Flagman and Taurus, after completion of the in vitro rooting stage on a nutrient medium according to the Murashige-Skoog recipe (MS) containing glucose (20 g/l) and IBA (0.5 mg/l). The duration of the adaptation stage of hops rooted in vitro in a tidal-type hydroponic system was determined, identified by the stable maintenance of turgor by leaves and active growth of shoots – 18–21 days. The influence of the method of fixing hop regenerants in a hydroponic system was studied: the use of seedling cassettes with a substrate of perlite and vermiculite (1 : 1) showed a 25 % higher survival rate of plants compared to substrate-free cuvettes with liners made of polyethylene film. It was shown that under hydroponic installation conditions, regardless of the fixation method, the height of the shoots increased by 36.0–48.3 %. The root system of the samples adapted in cassettes with substrate was better developed and was characterized by a large number of 2nd order roots with a length of at least 4 cm. The subsequent stage of adaptation in most peat-containing substrates ensures 100 % survival and the production of high-quality planting material. Recommendations for growing hop planting material after two-stage adaptation are presented.
ALLELOPATHIC ACTIVITY OF THE SCENTLESS FALSE MAYWEED (TRIPLEUROSPERMUM INODORUM (L.) SCH. BIP.)
Authors: Ebel' Tat'yana , Mihaylova Svetlana , Ebel' Aleksandr
Published: July 2024

The purpose of reseach was to study the allelopathic activity of T. inodorum in laboratory conditions against seeds and seedlings of watercress (Lepidium sativum L.). Objectives: to identify the effect of aqueous extracts of different concentrations of the dry aerial part of T. inodorum on the dynamics of germination and the initial growth of test plant seedlings; to compare the allelopathic effects of T. inodorum identified by two biotesting methods. We used classical methods for determining the allelopathic activity of plants by biotesting on seeds and seedlings of higher plants. The preparation of a concentrated (1 : 25) aqueous extract was carried out using the hot extraction method (4 g of the above-ground part of the three-rib was poured into 100 ml of boiling water and infused for 1 hour). By successively diluting the initial extract, solutions of lower concentrations were obtained (1: 50, 1: 100 and 1: 200). The results obtained indicate a high allelopathic activity of aqueous extracts of the dry aerial part of T. inodorum, which is expressed in a decrease in seed germination and inhibition of seedling growth. With an increase in the concentration of aqueous extracts of three-ribs, the sizes of the root and hypocotyl naturally decrease. Moreover, the most sensitive organ of the test plant is the root, the size of which at the weakest concentration (1: 200) decreases by almost 2 times, while the size of the hypocotyl decreases slightly. A more clear concentration dose-effect relationship was shown by the results of biotesting for root elongation. As the concentration of extracts increases, the size of watercress roots gradually decreases, and the toxicity index of aqueous extracts increases from 21.4 to 86.6 %.