bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Exile to Settlement in Siberia in the Criminal Punishment System of the Russian Empire in the 19th and Early 20th Centuries
Authors: Volchetskaia Tat’iana S. , Smirnov Leonid B. , Shestakov Dmitrii A.
Published: October 2019

The paper focuses on the evolution of the exile to settlement in Siberia from being a mitigating alternative to the death penalty to becoming a criminal punishment that ranks third in severity. It also provides an assessment of the theory that the exile was a way of Siberian colonization. We explore the role of the exile in the transformation of serf peasants into the state peasants in Siberia. The papers analyses various crimes punishable by the exile to settlement in Siberia in the imperial period. The authors consider the use of the exile of the convicted person together with his relatives as a way to prevent escapes. The involvement of statistical data led to the conclusion that by the early 20th century “colonization” function failed
Design and Application of Slow-Release Pesticide Formulations Embedded in a Biodegradable Matrix Based on Poly(3-Hydroxybutyrate)
Authors: Prudnikova Svetlana V. , Volova Tatiana G.
Published: October 2019

The latest trend in agriculture is the development and application of environmentally friendly pesticides with targeted and controlled release of active ingredients embedded in biodegradable polymer bases. In this work, a series of experimental slow-release pesticide formulations was produced using composites of degradable polyester poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) and natural materials as a matrix for embedding two agrochemicals – a fungicide (tebuconazole) and an herbicide (metribuzin). The structure, physicochemical properties and degradation rate of long-term formulations and the kinetics of active ingredient release from the matrix were studied in laboratory soil microecosystems. The experimental formulations allowed for a gradual release of agrochemicals into the soil for two months without abrupt emissions, providing long-term plant protection against pathogens and weeds. In contrast to the free forms of the agrochemicals, the analysis showed an absence of noticeable shifts and negative impacts on soil bacterial communities with the introduction of the developed formulations. The fungicidal action of long-term tebuconazole was confirmed on model Triticum aestivum plants infected with a complex of root rot pathogens (Alternaria, Fusarium, and Bipolaris). The efficacy of embedded metribuzin on model Melilotus albus weeds was comparable to that of the free forms of this herbicide. This work has produced new data on biodegradable polyhydroxyalkanoates for constructing long-term formulations of agropreparations. The fundamentals have been provided for constructing environmentally friendly and targeted controlled-release formulations of crop protection products against pathogens and weeds
Guterman L.A. Resource Educational and Methodological Center for the Education of Persons with Disabilities as a Resource for the Development of Inclusion in a University
Authors: Saitgalieva G.G. , Vasina L.G. , Guterman L.A.
Published: October 2019

The article analyses the activities of the Resource Training and Methodological Centre for the Education of Disabled Persons and Persons with Disabilities (hereinafter referred to as the RUC) at the university on the basis of which it was established. The data of monitoring studies and questionnaires conducted by the RUC in 2017–2018 on parameters that are today key in assessing the state of higher inclusive education in any university of the Russian Federation are given. The analysis of a condition of the main activities of RUMTs in higher education institution is carried out. On the basis of the generalization and systematization of the data, the specifics of the work of the center within the university on the basis of which it was created are determined. The problems identified as a result of monitoring studies and questionnaires have led to the identification of the main paths of further activities of the RUC at the university on the basis of which it was established. Inclusive education of students with disabilities is the most important factor in the activation of resources of all subjects of the educational process, including structural divisions of the university, which accompany the process of education of this category of students. The synthesis of the types of works implemented in 2016–2018 and the implementation of monitoring studies by the Resource Educational and Methodological Center for the Education of Disabled Persons and Persons with Disabilities of the Ministry of Health makes it possible to speak about the significant role of this center in the development of the inclusive educational environment of the university.
Development Mechanism for Higher Inclusive Education for Persons with Hearing Impaired
Authors: Stanevskiy A.G. , Khrapylina L.P. , Vinokurov A.S.
Published: October 2019

The article presents the theoretical aspects of modern inclusive education, which is considered as the most important component of the comprehensive rehabilitation of a disabled person, including professional rehabilitation, and as a tool for developing a disabled person's sustainable skills of socialization, communication, spiritual, moral and social attitudes, a sense of confidence in life. In this context, the current problems of the development of higher inclusive education for people with hearing impairment are analyzed and promising ways to solve them, taking into account the specifics of the formation of an inclusive environment and inclusive communities for this category of students in universities, are identified. The experience of BMSTU the training of engineering personnel from among these persons in the conditions of inclusive education and the accompanying development of an inclusive environment in various spheres of life related to the process of studying at a university. The results of scientific research and analysis of the above experience are presented, which convincingly prove the effectiveness of using flexible approaches to the development of inclusive education, taking into account educational needs and their best satisfaction for specific students. The mechanism of the development of higher inclusive education for people with hearing impairments is described, innovative technologies for the organizational and methodological support of inclusive education at the university, used at BMSTU.
SUSCETIBILIDADE AO ENTUPIMENTO DE GOTEJADORES APLICANDO ÁGUA RESIDUÁRIA DOMÉSTICA TRATADA
Authors: Costa Danniely de Oliveira , Vale Hudson Salatiel Marques , Batista Rafael Oliveira , Silva Paulo César Moura da , Lemos Filho Luis César de Aquino , Santos Delfran Batista dos
Published: October 2019

Objetivou-se com este trabalho analisar as alterações do desempenho hidráulico de distintos modelos de gotejadores que operaram com água residuária doméstica tratada, bem como obter modelos empíricos em função da variável tempo de operação e qualidade do efluente. Para isso, montou-se um experimento na Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido (UFERSA) composto por quatro unidades de irrigação, dotadas de três tipos de gotejadores (Plastro Hydrodrip Super, Netafim Tiran e Netafim PCJ-CNJ), em três repetições (três linhas laterais por tipo de gotejador). A cada 80 horas de operação do sistema com água residuária doméstica tratada determinaram-se os valores do coeficiente de variação vazão (CVQ) e redução da vazão relativa (RQR) e as características física, químicas e microbiológicas do efluente, até completar o tempo de operação de 400 horas. Os dados foram submetidos às análises de regressão simples e linear múltipla. O gotejador G1 apresentou maiores alterações no desempenho hidráulico, sendo mais suscetível ao entupimento do que os gotejadores Netafim Tiran e Netafim PCJ-CNJ. Os modelos de regressão nulo e raiz quadrada foram os que melhor explicaram a relação entre as variáveis CVQ e RQR e o tempo de operação das unidades de irrigação. As características pH, SS, SD, Fe, Mg2+ e CT predominaram nos modelos empíricos de desempenho hidráulico para os três tipos de gotejadores.
PERSPECTIVAS E DESAFIOS NA CRIAÇÃO DE UMA RESERVA EXTRATIVISTA MARINHA
Authors: Pereira Geusa da Purificação , Fenelon André Neves , Oliveira Marcelo Leles Romarco de
Published: October 2019

As Reservas Extrativistas - Resex são formadas a partir dos espaços territoriais criados com o intuito de contribuir para a conservação de determinadas áreas ambientais, aliando a preocupação em conservar os recursos naturais com a sua utilização sustentável e a permanência e manutenção dos meios de vida das populações tradicionais residentes nesses territórios. Tais espaços são produtos da luta histórica, iniciada, sobretudo, na região Norte do país. O processo de constituição das Resex é palco de uma diversidade de interesses, o que vai acarretar no surgimento de conflitos, especialmente, o conflito socioambiental. No caso das Resex Marinhas, os conflitos que as envolvem adquirem uma dimensão ainda maior, haja vista a localização privilegiada em que essas unidades são criadas. Assim, este trabalho busca trazer uma contribuição ao debate para se pensar nas principais perspectivas e desafios envolvidos na criação de uma Resex. Trata-se de uma pesquisa de caráter descritivo, que compreende, além de informações bibliográficas referentes à temática em análise, dados de campo obtidos a partir de entrevistas a extrativistas da Resex Marinha de Canavieiras, Bahia. Como resultado, conclui-se que a conservação de determinados espaços ambientais por meio da criação de uma Resex é fundamental para a proteção territorial e a manutenção dos meios de vida das populações. No entanto, para a sua criação é imprescindível a organização e mobilização das populações tradicionais, com vistas ao enfrentamento dos interesses contrários à sua criação dada suas especificidades, localização e as diferentes formas de conflitos socioambientais inerentes a esse processo.
A Comprehensive Prospective Study of the Costs Associated With Evaluation of ß-Lactam Allergy
Authors: Sobrino-García M , Muñoz-Bellido FJ , Moreno E , Macías E , Gracia-Bara MT , Laffond E , Lázaro-Sastre M , Martín-García C , de Arriba-Méndez S , Campanón-Toro MV , Gallardo-Higueras A , Dávila I
Published: October 2019

Background: Being labeled as allergic to penicillin (unverified ß-lactam allergy) can result in patients receiving broader-spectrum antibiotics than necessary that may be more toxic, less effective, and/or more expensive than alternative options. Objective: We aimed to evaluate the real costs of evaluating ß-lactam allergy. Methods: We performed a prospective real-life observational study designed to evaluate all adult patients who consulted for suspected ß-lactam allergy over a 1-year period. Direct and indirect costs were systematically recorded. Direct health costs were calculated based on the number of visits and all additional and diagnostic tests performed, direct nonhealth costs based on the number of visits and the distance from their homes to the Allergy Department, and indirect costs based on absenteeism. Results: A total of 296 patients with suspected allergy to ß-lactams were evaluated in our outpatient clinic from June 1, 2017 to May 31, 2018. Total direct health care costs were €28 176.70, with a mean (SD) cost of €95.19 (37.20). Direct nonhealth costs reached €6551.73, that is, €22.13 (40.44) per patient. Indirect health costs reached €20 769.20, with a mean of €70.17 (127.40). In summary, the total cost was €55 497.63, that is, a cost per patient of €187.49 (148.14). Conclusions: When all possible costs are taken into account, the evaluation of ß-lactam allergy is not expensive and can reduce future expense arising from unnecessary use of more expensive and less effective antibiotics.
Factors affecting compliance of drug therapy in outpatient children
Authors: Goudar Vikram R. , Matti Mahantesh , Kulkarni Vijay
Published: October 2019

Background: Adherence to a medical treatment regimen is an essential determinant of clinical success and professional success of doctor as well. Compared with the thousands of trials for individual drugs and treatments, there are few relatively rigorous trials of adherence interventions. Our study is a small effort towards understanding reasons for poor compliance among paediatric patients.Methods: The 256 cases that were selected for study had various clinical conditions. Compliance definition was applied only for those who received antibiotics. For other cases who received drugs other than antibiotics, we asked number of skipped doses. Data collected by paediatrician during follow-up or next visit because of some other illness and by telephone call to parents by assistant. Parents and kids were asked about the reasons for skipping the doses and also about their personal preferences towards medicines.Results: Out of 256 children 93 were prescribed antibiotics, 37.63% had good compliance and 62.36% had poor compliance.7% never skipped any medicine, 62% skipped less often (≤5 times) and 31% skipped. Very often (≥6 times), taste (67%), quantity (52%), apparent recovery (62%), school (65%), sleeping (56%), timing with food (47%) and bottle getting finished (49%) were the most common reasons for missing the dose of any medicine. Adherence was better when less number of doses were given less often. Chocolate flavor was liked by most kids.Conclusions: Prescribing medications should involve parents, children and practitioners in an open discussion around the most suitable, palatable formulations for successful treatment outcomes.
Association of psoriasis with metabolic disorders and their assessment using epicardial fat thickness, serum lipid profile and homocysteine level
Authors: Ojha Suryakant , . Rajkumar , Singh Santhosh , Gupta Anil , Pandey Amit Kumar , Prajapati Sunil
Published: October 2019

Background: Psoriasis is a chronic immune-mediated inflammatory disease with worldwide prevalence of 2-4%. It is characterized by sharply demarcated erythematous plaque lesions with silvery white scales. A number of literatures have been published concerning that psoriasis is associated with several cardio-metabolic co-morbidities thus increasing the risk of cardiovascular disease and cardiovascular mortality.

Methods: A prospective observational study was done on patients attending Department of DVL, BRD Medical College, Gorakhpur with psoriasis. A total of 150 patients were enrolled for a study period of 1 year from 15th December 2017 to 31st December 2018. Statistical analysis was done using Statistical package for the social sciences (SPSS version 16.0).

Results: According to our study mean basal metabolic index in psoriatic patients was 27.4±3.9. The mean cholesterol was 198±38 mg/dl, mean low density lipoproteins 129.5±34 mg/dl, mean triglycerides 140±75 mg/dl which is towards higher side, mean homocysteine being 19.5±1.5 µmol/l while the normal range is 4-15 µmol/l. Epicardial fat thickness on ultrasonograpghy was found to be 7.4±0.5 mm in psoriatic patient.

Conclusions: Psoriasis may elevate the risk of atherosclerosis, particularly cardiovascular disorders. Therefore, from the epidemiological point of view screening of psoriatic patients, particularly those with severe psoriasis should be recommended.
Entegre Raporlama: Yayınlanan Raporlar Üzerine Bir Araştırma
Authors: ORAL Tolga , ERKUŞ Hakan
Published: October 2019

İşletmeler,
faaliyetleri sonucunda ürettikleri bilgileri raporlar aracılığıyla ilgi
duyanlara sunmaktadır. Bu bilgiler, hem finansal hem de finansal olmayan
niteliktedir. Finansal bilgiler, muhasebe bilgi sistemi vasıtasıyla mali
tablolarda sunulmaktadır. Finansal olmayan bilgiler ise kurumsal raporlar
aracılığıyla iletilmektedir. Bu durum üretilen bilgileri kullanan kesimlerin,
finansal ve finansal olmayan bilgileri farklı kaynaklardan sağlamalarına neden
olmaktadır. Bu çalışmanın amacı, entegre raporlamayı, işletmelerin
yayınladıkları raporları analiz ederek açıklamaktır. Bu amaç doğrultusunda
entegre raporlama kavramı teorik olarak açıklandıktan sonra Fortune dergisinin
yayınladığı 2016 yılı dünyanın en büyük 500 İşletme içinde yer alan 50 işletmenin
entegre raporları nitel analiz yöntemlerinden içerik analizine tabi
tutulmuştur. Araştırma sonucunda, raporlarda içerik ögelerinin tamamına ilişkin
bilgi sunulurken, kurumsal genel görünüm ve dış çevre konusunda daha fazla
açıklama yapıldığı görülmüştür.
Case report: catamenial pneumothorax
Authors: Zhenhui Lee Shawn , Tousif Syed Mohammed , Kumar Pranav
Published: October 2019

Primary spontaneous pneumothorax is defined as the presence of air in the pleural space with no precipitating cause and is four times less likely to occur in women than in men1,2. Common causes for spontaneous pneumothorax in females include: interstitial pneumonia, primary lung cancer and lung metastasis, and asthma3.  An uncommon cause for secondary spontaneous pneumothorax is catamenial pneumothorax, which is associated with thoracic endometriosis. The word “catamenial” is derived from the greek word “katamenios” meaning monthly recurrence.4 Catamenial pneumothorax refers to recurrent spontaneous pneumothorax during menstruation in the absence of concomitant respiratory disease5.
Atividades de Lazer e a Pessoa Idosa
Authors: Dutra Fabiana Caetano Martins Silva e
Published: October 2019

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Educação na lógica do Banco Mundial: formação para a Sociabilidade Capitalista
Authors: Decker Aline , Evangelista Olinda
Published: October 2019

Este artigo discute o projeto de formação humana presente em publicações do Banco Mundial para a Educação, de modo geral, e para o Brasil, com recorte temporal entre 2000 e 2014. Tais publicações objetivavam produzir consenso acerca de suas propostas político-educacionais e construir uma compreensão falaciosa da realidade objetiva por meio de ampla desqualificação do professor e da escola pública. A narrativa de desqualificação precede recomendações para projetos de Educação que alinham a formação da classe trabalhadora aos moldes flexíveis da sociabilidade capitalista. Na lógica do Banco Mundial a Educação é responsável pelo alívio da pobreza e pelo desenvolvimento econômico, devendo ser pautada pela noção de competências e pela Teoria do Capital Humano revisitada. Desse modo, promoveria uma educação de “classe mundial” para as demandas (do capital) do século XXI. Ademais, elide o real movimento econômico no século XXI, compreendido no conceito de capital-imperialismo, em que a dominação interna do capital necessita e se complementa por sua expansão externa, incidindo diretamente na relação capital-trabalho. Com a intenção de legitimar a barbárie do projeto educativo do capital, uma grande ofensiva ideológica foi colocada em curso a fim de sustentar o modo de organização política e econômica e sua necessária sociabilidade.
Association of Variants in the Podocin, Bone Morphogenetic Protein 4 and Serologically Defined Colon Cancer Antigen 8 Genes with Hypertension-Attributed Chronic Kidney Disease and Their Interaction with Apolipoprotein L1
Authors: Nqebelele Nolubabalo U , Dickens Caroline , Dix-Peek Therese , Duarte Raquel , Naicker Saraladevi
Published: October 2019

Background: Genome-wide association studies conducted in African Americans with non-diabetic nephropathy identified single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs16854341 in podocin (NPHS2) as the most significant SNP to interact with apolipoprotein L1 (APOL1) gene. In replication studies, SNPs in NPHS2, bone morphogenic protein 4 (BMP4) and serologically defined colon cancer antigen 8 (SDCCAG8) were found to significantly interact with APOL1.

Objective: We determined the association of polymorphisms in NPHS2, BMP4 and SDCCAG8 gene with hypertension-attributed chronic kidney disease (CKD) and their interaction with APOL1 risk variants.

Methods: A total of 181 participants were recruited. After genomic DNA extractions from whole blood, SNPs in NPSH2 (rs16854341), SDCCAG8 (rs2802723) and BMP4 (rs8014363) were genotyped using TaqMan® SNP assays.

Results: We found no association between the risk of kidney disease and rs16854341 (1.25 (95% confidence interval CI [0.59–2.68]); p = 0.558) and rs8013363 (0.96 (95% CI [0.48–1.92]); p = 0.901). There was a trend for an increased risk of kidney disease in those who had two APOL1 risk variants and were major allele homozygotes at rs16854341 (4.78 (95% CI [0.87–26.31]); p = 0.072, adjusted) and at rs8014363 (5.16 (95% CI [0.92–29.87]); p = 0.062, adjusted).

Conclusion: We found no associations of the polymorphisms in the NPHS2, and BMP4 gene with markers of kidney disease in patients with hypertension-attributed CKD. However, in the presence of two APOL1 risk variants, major allele homozygotes had a trend towards an increased risk of kidney disease. Future studies with larger samples are required to further characterize the interactions of these genes with APOL1.
POSITIONING ISLAMIC LEGAL THEORY IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF ISLAMIC FINANCE
Authors: Qonita Nuha
Published: October 2019

Islamic finance continues to grow over the world, the development of technology plays a crucial role to support Islamic finance. The great innovation of technology may come to dig up the potential of Islamic financing, yet digital system needs for sharia compliance, both are in similar needs for sharia overviews regardless different opinions of ijtihad in this modern time. Emphasizing case by case of Islamic finance has been done by the sharia scholars in producing the new product of Islamic banking and financing. The Islamic jurisprudence however should consider the substence and maqasid form of sharia. The objective of this paper is to enlight some vital parts of Islamic legal theory as part of Islamic law in implementing sharia compliance. Furthermore, provide the role of legal system which takes a crucial place in implementing the system, it should be harmonized in the existing condition of Islamic finance. This paper is qualitative methods with deep analysis on Islamic legal theory among muslim scholars.
RAPID ACQUISITION OF BIAS IN SIGNAL DETECTION: DYNAMICS OF EFFECTIVE REINFORCEMENT ALLOCATION
Authors: Hutsell Blake A. , Jacobs Eric A.
Published: October 2019

We investigated changes in bias (preference for one response alternative) in signal detection when relative reinforcer frequency for correct responses varied across sessions. In Experiment 1, 4 rats responded in a two‐stimulus, two‐response identification procedure employing temporal stimuli (short vs. long houselight presentations). Relative reinforcer frequency varied according to a 31‐step pseudorandom binary sequence and stimulus duration difference varied over two values across conditions. In Experiment 2, 3 rats responded in a five‐stimulus, two‐response classification procedure employing temporal stimuli. Relative reinforcer frequency was varied according to a 36‐step pseudorandom ternary sequence. Results of both experiments were analyzed according to a behavioral model of detection. The model was extended to incorporate the effects of current and previous session reinforcer frequency ratios on current‐session performance. Similar to findings with concurrent schedules, effects on bias of relative reinforcer frequency were highest for the current session. However, carryover from reinforcer ratios of previous sessions was evident. Generally, the results indicate that bias can come under control of frequent changes in relative reinforcer frequency in both identification and classification procedures.
Poverty and the Democratization Crisis in Nigeria: A Failure of the Social Contract
Authors: Jiboku Joseph O. , Jiboku Peace A.
Published: October 2019

From the time of philosophers such as Thomas Hobbes, it has been made explicit that the state and civil society exist under a mutual-reciprocal relationship. The state exists to serve several purposes in the interest of society, while the civil society is expected to fulfill its obligations to the state for the benefit of all. However, the civil society in Nigeria has not had a good bargain with the state as poverty pervades the land with dire consequences on the entire fabrics of society. The state seems to have failed in promoting the interests of its civil society and most citizens have lost interest in participating in the activities of government. Thus, during most elections, Nigeria has witnessed various forms of electoral malpractices and even post-election violence as experienced in different parts of the country. This paper is a desktop research incorporating secondary data from relevant institutions and agencies. Its concern is to examine how the failure of the social contract has led to poverty, which has affected Nigeria’s democratization process. The paper suggests that addressing the issue of poverty will go a long way in ensuring peaceful, free, and fair democratization of political structures that will be of benefit to all, with applause from the international community
Laporan Kasus: Spondylosis Lumbosacral pada Anjing Dachshund
Authors: Purnama Komang Andika , Putriningsih Putu Ayu Sisyawati
Published: October 2019

Seekor anjing ras Dachshund berumur 12 tahun dengan berat badan 9 kg menunjukkan tanda klinis paraparesis, refleks fleksor kaki belakang dan refleks patella berkurang, hilangnya rasa sakit pada kulit di daerah pinggul, terdapat lesi erosi pada daerah inguinal, dan distensi kantong kemih. Pemeriksaan darah rutin menunjukkan terjadinya leukositosis. Pemeriksaan radiologi menunjukkan terdapat perkembangan osteofit pada daerah ventral epifisis os lumbal VI hingga os sakrum, distensi kantong kemih dan konstipasi. Anjing ini didiagnosis spondylosis lumbosacral dan bacterial dermatitis. Terapi yang diberikan adalah pemberian meloxicam tablet selama dua minggu, vitamin B1 tablet dan amoxicillin sirup selama tujuh hari. Setelah dua minggu terapi menunjukkan hasil yang baik, namun anjing tiba-tiba mati.
UJI AKTIVITAS ANTIOKSIDAN BEBERAPA EKSTRAK ALGA COKLAT Sargassum polycystum DAN Turbinaria deccurens ASAL PULAU DUTUNGAN SULAWESI SELATAN TERHADAP RADIKAL DPPH
Authors: Sami Fitriyanti Jumaetri , Soekamto Nunuk Hariani , Firdaus Firdaus , Latip Jalifah
Published: October 2019

This study used S. polycystum and T. deccurens were extracted with various solvents (n-hexane, ethyl acetate and ethanol) to determine phytochemical screening and antioxidant activities. Extraction of samples by maceration method, antioxidant activity assay using the immersion method of DPPH (1,1-Diphenyl-2-picryl Hidrazil) measured absorption at a wavelength of 515 nm and compared with the control of antioxidant vitamin C. The results showed that antioxidant activity of the methanol, ethyl acetate, n-hexane extract of S. polycystum have low antioxidant activity with the value IC50 340,06, 180,54, and 502,25 mg/mL. Methanol, ethyl acetate, n-hexane extracts of  T. deccurens have low antioxidant activity with value IC50 491,02, 411,80, and 502,7 mg/mL. This potential is lower than vitamin C IC50 value of 1,72 mg/mL.
Generalization of the Landauer Principle for Computing Devices Based on Many-Valued Logic
Authors: Bormashenko Edward
Published: October 2019

The Landauer principle asserts that “the information is physical”. In its strict meaning Landauer's principle states that there is a minimum possible amount of energy required to erase one bit of information, known as the Landauer bound W=kBTln2 where T is the temperature of a thermal reservoir used in the process and kB is Boltzmann’s constant. Modern computers use the binary system in which a number expressed in the base-2 numeral system. We demonstrate that the Landauer principle remains valid for the physical computing device based on the ternary and more generally N-based logic. The energy necessary for erasure of one bit of information (the Landauer bound) W=kBTln2 remains untouched for the computing devices exploiting a many-valued logic.
CORRELATION BETWEEN EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE AND PROBLEM SOLVING SKILL OF HEALTH STUDENTS OF FACULTY OF MEDICINE UNIVERSITAS HASANUDDIN
Authors: Hasnah Hasnah , Hendra Desy Ana , Hapsah Hapsah
Published: October 2019

Background: High demands in all conditions require proffesional health workers. In dealing with patients, health workers need high emotional intelligence and problem solving skills that are qualified to deal with various problems. Objective: To analyze correlation between emotional intelligence with problem solving skill of health student of Faculty of Medicine Universitas Hasanuddin. Method: This quantitative research was conducted in August-September 2017, using observational study design with cross sectional analytic approach. Population in this research is health students Faculty of Medicine Universitas Hasanuddin who forced in 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016 (N=1995). Sampling technique using cluster random sampling (n=333). The data were analyzed with Spearman’s Rho test. Results: More than half of respondents had a low emotional intelligence (58.3%) and  medium level of problem solving skill (51,4%). Correlation coefficient both of them is weak (r=0,222; p value = 0.000 <0,05). Conclusion: There is a weak correlation between emotional intelligence with problem solving skill of health student of Faculty of Medicine Hasanuddin University. The higher the emotional intelligence of the student, the higher the level of problem solving skill.
FACTORS AFFECTING NURSES’ COMPLIANCE IN IMPLEMENTING STANDARD PRECAUTIONS IN GOVERNMENT HOSPITAL IN YOGYAKARTA
Authors: Sagita Rina Wijayanti
Published: October 2019

Background:Nosocomial infection is infections that occur in patients when they are hospitalized. Data in several countries found that hundreds of millions patients worldwide are exposed to nosocomial infection each year. Standard precautions are applied to prevent infections in the hospital. The results of observations and interviews on nurses at Wates Regional Public Hospital found non-compliance of nurses in implementing standard precautions.Objective:The aim of this study is to determine factors affecting nurses’ compliance in Wates Regional Public Hospital, Yogyakarta.Method: This was cross sectional study, using questionnaire and standard precautions compliance check list. Observation was conducted twice on june 26th to July 7th, 2018. The subjects were 103 nurses in 10 inpatients room, taken by total sampling. Data was analyzed by pearson, spearman and mann whitney u test as bivariate, and also linier regression as multivariate.Result:The result of this study indicate that there were significant relationship between gender, standard precautions knowledge, motivation and work experience with nurses’ (p < 0,05), while there were insignificant relationship between age, education level, attitude,  risk perception, preventive efficacy, risk taking personality, needle punctured experience, workload, infection knowledge, work stress, obstacles in standard precautions, the availability of personal protective equipment, safety climate and safety performance feedback with nurses’ compliance (p > 0.05). Multivariate test indicate that motivation has a dominant influence on nurses’ compliance.Conclusion and Suggestion: Factors influencing  nurse compliance with standard precautions include motivation, work experience and risk taking personality. The dominant factor influencing nurse compliance with standard precautions is motivation.  Suggestions from this study are to improve the completeness of facilities and tools related to standard precautions, monitoring and evaluation of nurses’ compliance. Further study needs to be held related to standard precautions each component include hand washing, personal protective equipment usage, care equipment decontamination, safe injecting practices, sharp objects and waste management.Key words:nosocomial infection, compliance to standard precaution, Wates Regional Public Hospital  1: Wates Regional Public Hospital2: Master in Nursing, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing UGM
Pembuatan Biodiesel dari Ulat Jerman (Zophobas morio L.) dengan Metode Transesterifikasi Langsung Menggunakan Pelarut N-Heksana Metanol
Authors: Oktaviani Cahyaningtyas  , Zulmanelis Zulmanelis , Darsef Darsef
Published: October 2019

Abstrak

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui waktu reaksi optimum pembuatan biodiesel dari ulat jerman (Zophobas morio L.) menggunakan katalis H2SO4 dengan metode transesterifikasi langsung. Variasi yang dilakukan adalah waktu reaksi 8, 12, 16, dan 20 jam pada dua kondisi berbeda (perbandingan pelarut n-heksana metanol 1:2 dan 1:5). Hasil dari penelitian inimenunjukkan  belum ditemukan waktu optimum pada kedua kondisi. Ditemukan kondisi produk biodiesel paling berpotensi yang telah memenuhi dua dari tiga parameter standar biodiesel yaitu pada kondisi perbandingan pelarut n-heksana metanol 1:5 dengan waktu reaksi 20 jam menghasilkan 20mL biodiesel, densitas 0,8950 g mL-1, viskositas kinematik 12,17 cSt, dan bilangan asam 0,41 mg KOH/g sampel. Berdasarkan uji GC-MS pada biodiesel paling berpotensi didapatkan 4 jenis metil ester yaitu metil palmitat, metil palmitoleat, metil linoleat dan metil stearat.

Kata kunci: Biodiesel, metil ester, transesterifikasi langsung, ulat jerman

Abstract

The aims for this studies was to determine the optimum reaction time of biodiesel from superworm (Zophobas morio L.) using H2SO4 catalyst by direct transesterification method. Reaction times 8, 12, 16, and 20 hours in two different conditions (comparison of hexane-methanol solvents 1:2 and 1:5) were investigated. The results of this study have not yet found optimal time in both conditions. It was found that the most potential condition of biodiesel products had fulfilled two of the three standard biodiesel parameters, was the condition of the comparison of hexane-methanol 1:5 solvents with a reaction time of 20 hours producing 20 mL biodiesel, density 0.8950 g mL-1, kinematic viscosity 12.17 cSt, and acid number 0,41 mg KOH/g sample. The GC-MS result showed the methyl ester from biodiesel product are contains methyl palmitate, methyl palmitoleate, methyl linoleic, and methyl stearat

Keywords: Biodiesel, direct transesterification, methyl ester, superworm
An Ultra-Short Femoral Neck-Preserving Hip Prosthesis
Authors: Christiansen Janus D. , Ejaz Ashir , Nielsen Poul T. , Laursen Mogens
Published: October 2019

Background:

Total hip arthroplasty (THA) with a diaphyseal stem may risk bone loss. In order to save proximal bone stock in young patients with a high activity level and a long life expectancy, the interest in short stems has evolved. The purpose of this prospective observational cohort study was to evaluate the fixation of, and bone remodeling around, the Primoris femoral neck-preserving hip implant.

Methods:

Fifty younger patients with end-stage osteoarthritis were managed with the Primoris hip implant. We evaluated bone mineral density (BMD) using dual x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and implant migration using radiostereometric analysis (RSA). A region-of-interest (ROI) protocol for 4 ROIs was applied to assess BMD. The association between BMD and migration was evaluated to determine the fixation of the Primoris implant and bone remodeling in the proximal part of the femur. Follow-up evaluation was performed at regular intervals from day 1 (baseline) until 24 months after surgery.

Results:

The major stem migrations were subsidence (Y axis; mean, 0.38 mm) at 6 weeks and varus tilt (rotation) (Z axis; mean, 0.93°) at 6 to 12 months. In ROI4 (the calcar area), a significant gain in bone was found with a mean difference of 4.1% (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.8% to 7.4%; p < 0.02) at 24 months postoperatively. Significant bone loss was found in ROI1 and ROI2, with a mean difference of −4.9% (95% CI, –7.4% to –2.4%; p = 0.0003) and −8.9% (95% CI, −11.5% to –6.2%; p = 0.0001), respectively. Linear regression and multivariate regression analysis showed a significant negative association between maximal total point motion and BMD (p = 0.02, R2 = 15%; and p < 0.05, R2 = 26%, respectively).

Conclusions:

The Primoris component showed satisfactory primary stability with promising results at the 24-month follow-up. DXA scans showed limited stress-shielding with the proximal loading pattern of the Primoris. Better bone quality was associated with less implant migration.

Level of Evidence:

Therapeutic Level IV. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Use of Standardized Letters of Recommendation for Orthopaedic Surgery Residency Applications
Authors: Samade Richard , Balch Samora Julie , Scharschmidt Thomas J. , Goyal Kanu S.
Published: October 2019

Background:

Standardized letters of recommendation (SLORs) were introduced to provide a more objective method of evaluating applicants for orthopaedic surgery residency positions. We sought to establish whether there exists an association between the SLOR summative rank statement (SRS), which is a question that asks the letter-writing authors where they would rank a student relative to other applicants, and success in matching into orthopaedic surgery residency.

Methods:

We reviewed 858 applications to an orthopaedic surgery residency program from 2017 to 2018. Data on 9 assessment categories, SRSs, and written comments in the SLORs were extracted. The match success of applicants was determined by an internet search algorithm. Logistic regression was used to evaluate the association between the SRSs and match success. The Spearman correlation was performed between the SRSs and other variables.

Results:

Only 60% of all LORs were SLORs. With 24% of the SLORs, a supplemental letter was used. Median percentile rank ranged from 90% to 100% for the 9 categories in the SLORs. Recommendations of “high rank” or higher were found in 88% of the SRSs. The mean of the SLOR SRSs was associated with match success.

Conclusions:

The mean of the SLOR SRSs was associated with match success. However, the SLOR is not uniformly used. Future efforts should be devoted to improving question design and validity in order to better discriminate among applicants, increase adherence to the rating scale, and quantify the strength of the written comments in the SLOR.
The Biological Fitness of Bone Progenitor Cells in Reamer/Irrigator/Aspirator Waste
Authors: El-Jawhari Jehan J. , Ganguly Payal , Churchman Sarah , Jones Elena , Giannoudis Peter V.
Published: October 2019

Background:

The biological waste collected during use of the Reamer/Irrigator/Aspirator (RIA; DePuy Synthes) has been described as an abundant source of bone progenitor cells with a comparable osteogenic gene profile to donor-matched iliac crest bone marrow (IC-BM). However, it is not clear whether these RIA-waste (RIA-W) cells are biologically fit. We aimed to evaluate the stress levels and functions of RIA-W progenitor cells.

Methods:

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels were tested in freshly collected bone progenitor cells (defined as CD45lowCD271highcells) using flow cytometry. ROS levels induced in these cells by hypoxia and/or oxidative stress as well as by an experimental simulation of the RIA procedure were also measured. Furthermore, the alkaline phosphatase (ALP) expression levels, proliferation, and senescence of culture-expanded RIA-W and IC-BM mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) were compared.

Results:

RIA-W and donor-matched IC-BM CD45lowCD271highcells were 97% and 98% viable, but the ROS levels were significantly higher for RIA-W cells than for IC-BM cells (p = 0.0020). Also, ROS induced by hypoxia, oxidative stress, and both were higher for RIA-W cells (p = 0.0312, 0.0156, and 0.0703, respectively). Dilution with saline solution, suction pressure, and irrigation reduced cell viability, with a positive correlation with the ROS level (p = 0.0035). The RIA-W and IC-BM colony-forming cells (average, 96,100 and 11,500, respectively) showed comparable ALP levels. Furthermore, culture-expanded RIA-W and IC-BM MSCs showed comparable ROS levels, ALP levels, susceptibility to death, and proliferation.

Conclusions:

Although freshly collected RIA-W bone progenitor cells appeared to be transiently stressed, these cells were as viable as IC-BM cells and present in greater numbers. The proliferation and osteogenesis of both cell types were comparable.

Clinical Relevance:

The RIA waste bag contains bone progenitor cells with promising potential for regenerative applications, and should not be wasted.
The Usefulness of Meta-Analyses to Hip and Knee Surgeons
Authors: Park Kwan J. , Lambert Bradley S. , Brown Landon D. , Le Daniel T. , Chaliki Kalyan , Lee Joshua , Rossano Ayane , Benjamin Kaitlin , Moreno Michael R. , Incavo Stephen J.
Published: October 2019

Background:

Comprehensive systematic reviews of results from homogenous or heterogeneous clinical trials, meta-analyses are used to summarize and to interpret studies. Proponents believe that their use can increase study power and improve precision results. Critics emphasize that heterogeneity between studies and bias of individual studies compromise the value of results. The methodology of meta-analyses has improved over time, utilizing statistical analysis to reduce bias and examining heterogeneity. With an increasing trend of meta-analyses in orthopaedic literature, this study aimed to investigate quality and clinical utility of meta-analyses for total knee arthroplasty and total hip arthroplasty.

Methods:

A systematic review of total knee arthroplasty and total hip arthroplasty meta-analyses in 3 major orthopaedic journals from January 2000 to August 2017 was performed. Three authors independently reviewed eligible meta-analyses. A quality assessment was conducted using the Oxman-Guyatt Index. Reporting quality was assessed using PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses). Two high-volume, fellowship-trained, attending surgeons specializing in total hip arthroplasty and total knee arthroplasty independently, in a blinded fashion, reviewed 24 of the highest-scored meta-analyses.

Results:

There were 114 studies meeting eligibility criteria, 25 published from 2000 to 2009 and 89 published from 2010 to 2017, a 3.6-fold increase. The mean Oxman-Guyatt Index score was 3.89 points, with 12 high-quality studies, 87 moderate-quality studies, and 15 low-quality studies. The mean PRISMA score for all meta-analyses was 22.2 points, with 79% classified as low to moderate. Only 23 studies listed the Level of Evidence, and 8 were Level-I studies and 9 were Level-II studies. Studies with >15 randomized controlled trials were associated with higher PRISMA and Oxman-Guyatt Index scores. In 12 articles, we were unable to decipher the types of studies included. Only 39.4% of studies showed the risk of bias. Of the 24 studies identified as high quality per the PRISMA statement, 71% were determined to be either clinically unimportant or inconclusive.

Conclusions:

The number of total hip arthroplasty and total knee arthroplasty meta-analyses has markedly increased over the past decades. The majority of published meta-analyses from 3 major orthopaedic journals were not performed in accordance with established PRISMA guidelines.

Clinical Relevance:

Many published meta-analyses are low to moderate quality, and clinicians should cautiously draw conclusions from poorly executed meta-analyses.
Expert-Based Consensus on the Principles of Pavlik Harness Management of Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip
Authors: Kelley S.P. , Feeney M.M. , Maddock C.L. , Murnaghan M.L. , Bradley C.S. ,   the International Hip Dysplasia Institute (IHDI) Study Group
Published: October 2019

Update

This article was updated on August 14, 2020, because of a previous error. On page 1, in the byline, the text that had read “S.P. Kelley, MBChB, PhD, FRCS(Tr&Orth), M.M. Feeney, BSc, MSc, BMBS, C.L. Maddock, BSc, MMASc, M.L. Murnaghan, MD, MEd, FRCS, and C.S. Bradley, BScPT, MSc, on behalf of the International Hip Dysplasia Institute (IHDI) Study Group*” now reads “S.P. Kelley, MBChB, PhD, FRCS(Tr&Orth), M.M. Feeney, BSc, MSc, BMBS, C.L. Maddock, BSc, MMASc, M.L. Murnaghan, MD, MEd, FRCS, C.S. Bradley, BScPT, MSc, and the International Hip Dysplasia Institute (IHDI) Study Group*”.

An erratum has been published: JBJS Open Access. 2020;5(3):e18.00054ER.

Background:

Developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) is the most common orthopaedic disorder in newborns. While the Pavlik harness is one of the most frequently used treatments for DDH, there is immense variability in treatment parameters reported in the literature and in clinical practice, leading to difficulties in standardizing teaching and comparing outcomes. In the absence of definitive quantitative evidence for the optimal Pavlik harness management strategy for DDH, we addressed this problem by obtaining international expert-based consensus on the subject.

Methods:

An initial list of items relevant to Pavlik harness treatment was derived by a review of the literature. Delphi methodology was used to guide serial rounds of surveying and obtaining feedback from content matter experts from the International Hip Dysplasia Institute (IHDI), which continued in the same manner until consensus based on standard statistical analysis was reached. This was followed by a corroboration of face validity to derive the final set of management principles.

Results:

Four rounds of structured surveying were required to reach consensus. Following 2 rounds of peer review, and from an initial list of 66 items in 8 categories, we were able to derive 2 simplified, yet comprehensive, print-friendly tables consisting of 28 items in 8 categories to assist clinicians in managing DDH with a Pavlik harness. The tables contain principles of treatment initiation, application and follow-up of the harness, complications, weaning, and end-of-treatment decision-making as well as specific criteria based on the severity of the DDH. Furthermore, highly contentious items were identified as important areas of future study.

Conclusions:

We developed a comprehensive set of principles based on expert consensus to assist clinicians in the management of DDH using the Pavlik harness. This study also generated a list of the most controversial areas in the nonoperative management of DDH, which should be considered high priority for future study to further refine and optimize outcomes.

Level of Evidence:

Therapeutic Level V. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Minimizing Cross Flow Among Fractured Stages in Horizontal Wells Using the D-Exponent Calibrated GR Data
Authors: He Yan , Wu Jun , Ershaghi Iraj
Published: October 2019

This paper presents a method for examining the potential of fracture stimulation in horizontal wells targeting unconventional oil plays. The observation of crossflow among fractures has been of great concern as this phenomenon affects the productivity of producing wells. The cause is related to the effectiveness of fracturing stages, which by itself depends on the rock lithology and brittleness.

We identified interaction among fractured intervals from diagnostic modeling of performance data that exhibited cross flows in the wellbore. On wells exhibiting the most prolonged duration of crossflow, we noted the disadvantages of equal space fracturing. We then used the drilling parameters from MWD data for individual wells and computed the d-exponent profiles and noted significant differences in rock brittleness as characterized by their d-exponent data. We examined the d-exponent data using the Hurst coefficient. Wells exhibiting a trend with uniform H coefficient showed the least indications of cross flows from performance data while in wells with significant cross flows we see the nonuniformity of the d-exponent profile examined with the H coefficient method. It is our observation that before fracturing, interval selection with GR log can be enhanced if supplemented with the trend analysis of the d-exponent data.