bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
From 1883 to 2019; Variables Influencing Body Procurement at McGill University
Authors: Noël Geoffroy P.J.C. , Heron Julia , Naismith Carly
Published: February 2021

McGill University has continued to maintain whole body dissection as an integral component of its medical school curriculum. To better explore the factors influencing body procurement at McGill University, records of body receipts were collected from their paper and electronic records and analyzed from 1883 to 2019. The data collected allowed for discussion on the number of bodies received at McGill University each year, the age at death of the bodies, their sex, as well as religious affiliation and language spoken at home. As bodies of the deceased have a long held and unique status in law, this information was considered in light of historical and legislative data and, in the case of religion and language, it was compared to census data for Montréal, Québec, Canada. Overall numbers of bodies procured by McGill University have varied throughout the years, with no discernable target number over time. The current body donor profile at McGill University is likely to be a male in his 70's and likely to speak French at home. However, the strong connection of the University with the Anglophone community of Montréal is reflected by the significantly higher proportion of English‐speaking donors when compared to the general population of the city. In regard to legislation, it appears that the most recent legislations did not affect the rate of procurement. However, when legislations were embraced by religious institutions in 1883, there was a 261% increase in bodies sent for dissection, over the following two decades.
Genetic and epigenetic factors associated with increased severity of Covid‐19
Authors: Yildirim Zafer , Sahin Oyku Semahat , Yazar Seyhan , Bozok Cetintas Vildan
Published: February 2021

Since December 2019, a new form of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) from a novel strain of coronavirus (SARS coronavirus 2 [SARS‐CoV‐2]) has been spreading worldwide. The disease caused by SARS‐CoV‐2 was named Covid‐19 and declared as a pandemic by the World Health Organization in March 2020. Clinical symptoms of Covid‐19 range from common cold to more severe disease defined as pneumonia, hypoxia, and severe respiratory distress. In the next stage, disease can become more critical with respiratory failure, sepsis, septic shock, and/or multiorgan failure. Outcomes of Covid‐19 indicate large gaps between the male–female and the young–elder groups. Several theories have been proposed to explain variations, such as gender, age, comorbidity, and genetic factors. It is likely that mixture of genetic and nongenetic factors interplays between virus and host genetics and determines the severity of disease outcome. In this review, we aimed to summarize current literature in terms of potential host genetic and epigenetic factors that associated with increased severity of Covid‐19. Several studies indicated that the genetic variants of the SARS‐CoV‐2 entry mechanism‐related (angiotensin‐converting enzymes, transmembrane serine protease‐2, furin) and host innate immune response‐related genes (interferons [IFNs], interleukins, toll‐like receptors), and human leukocyte antigen, ABO, 3p21.31, and 9q34.2 loci are critical host determinants related to Covid‐19 severity. Epigenetic mechanisms also affect Covid‐19 outcomes by regulating IFN signaling, angiotensin‐converting enzyme‐2, and immunity‐related genes that particularly escape from X chromosome inactivation. Enhanced understanding of host genetic and epigenetic factors and viral interactions of SARS‐CoV‐2 is critical for improved prognostic tools and innovative therapeutics.
Unilateral repair of tracheoesophageal fistula with dilatation of incomplete subglottic stenosis
Authors: Marzban‐Rad Saeid , Sattari Parastesh , Taheri Hamid Reza
Published: February 2021

A case of TEF along with subglottic stenosis in a patient as a result of prolong intubation. We performed left unilateral tracheal repair to avoid injury to left recurrent laryngeal nerve followed by endoscopic balloon repair of stenosis. Due to critical condition of the patient and COVID‐19 infection, she expired.
Exploring Aluminum‐Ion Insertion into Magnesium‐Doped Manjiroite (MnO2) Nanorods in Aqueous Solution
Authors: Joseph Jickson , Fernando Joseph F. S. , Sayeed Md Abu , Tang Cheng , Golberg Dmitri , Du Aijun , Ostrikov Kostya (Ken) , O'Mullane Anthony P.
Published: February 2021

Invited for this month's cover picture is Professor Anthony O'Mullane and colleagues from Queensland University of Technology (Australia). The picture shows Mg‐doped MnO2 nanorods that are used as an electrode material capable of intercalating/de‐intercalating Al ions. The open tunnel structure of the nanomaterial as well as the presence of dopant Mg cations facilitates this process, opening up the possibility of using this material as an electrode in aqueous Al‐ion batteries or supercapatteries. Read the full text of the Article at 10.1002/celc.202001408.
“Communities Change When Individuals Change”: The sustainability of system‐challenging collective action
Authors: Rao Neomi , Power Séamus A.
Published: February 2021

People who challenge the status quo through collective action face tremendous obstacles—not just practically, but in their ways of thinking, existing, and relating to others. This article addresses how collective actors sustain their engagement in the face of such high costs. System‐challenging collective actors must reimagine and enact new, non‐normative ways of thinking, existing, and relating that transform the status quo. This article explores the social psychological processes underlying sustained system‐challenging collective action through activists’ narratives of politicization, experiences of identity change, and reimagination of social structures. We draw on contributions from social psychological theories of system justification and social identity to examine how system‐challenging collective action is motivated and sustained. Through interviews with Chicago‐based activists and organizers engaged in system‐challenging collective action, we implement a qualitative thematic analysis to propose that sustainability arises from three integrated factors: shared identity, system‐challenging ideology, and intentional community.
Spatial dependence of extreme seas in the North East Atlantic from satellite altimeter measurements
Authors: Shooter R. , Ross E. , Ribal A. , Young I. R. , Jonathan P.
Published: February 2021

The extremal spatial dependence of significant wave height in the North East Atlantic is explored using Joint Altimetry Satellite Oceanography Network satellite altimeter observations for the period 2002–2018, and a spatial conditional extremes model motivated by the work of Heffernan and Tawn. The analysis involves (a) registering individual satellite passes onto a template transect, (b) marginal extreme value analysis at a set of locations on the template transect and transformation from physical to standard Laplace scale, (c) estimation of the spatial conditional extremes model for a set of locations on a template transect, and (d) comparison of extreme spatial dependence for different template transects. Inferences for two transects considered are qualitatively similar; however, for the “normal ascending” transect running approximately south‐west to north‐east lying between Iceland and the United Kingdom, extremal spatial dependence is found to decay more quickly than for the second “opposite descending” transect running approximately north‐west to south‐east to the west of Ireland.
Hepatic Gene Expression Profiling of Atlantic Cod (Gadus morhua) Liver after Exposure to Organophosphate Flame Retardants Revealed Altered Cholesterol Biosynthesis and Lipid Metabolism
Authors: Aluru Neelakanteswar , G. Hallanger Ingeborg , McMonagle Helena , Harju Mikael
Published: February 2021

Since the phasing out and eventual ban on the production of organohalogen flame retardants, the use of organophosphate flame retardants (OPFRs) has increased rapidly. This has led to the detection of OPFRs in various environments including the Arctic. Two of the most prevalent OPFRs found in the Arctic are tris(2-chloroisopropyl) phosphate (TCPP), and 2-ethylhexyl diphenyl phosphate (EHDPP). The impacts of exposure to OPFRs on Arctic organisms is poorly understood. The objective of the present study was to determine the effects of exposure to TCPP, EHDPP, and a mixture of OPFRs on gene expression patterns in Atlantic cod, Gadus morhua. Precision-cut liver slices from Atlantic cod in vitro were exposed to either TCPP or EHDPP alone or in a mixture and sampled at 2 different time points to quantify gene expression patterns using RNA sequencing. We exposed the liver slices to 2 concentrations of TCPP and EHDPP, one of which was chosen based on the levels found in the Arctic environment. The RNA sequencing results demonstrated differential expression of hundreds of genes in response to exposure. The genes representing cholesterol biosynthesis and lipid metabolism pathway were significantly enriched in all the treatment groups. Almost all the cholesterol biosynthesis genes were significantly down-regulated in response to OPFR exposure. The effects on these pathways could involve various physiological processes including reproduction, growth, and behavior as well as adaptation to changing temperatures. Membrane fluidity is an important adaptive mechanism among aquatic organisms. Altered cholesterol homeostasis could have long-term consequences by altering the adaptive potential of aquatic organisms to changing water temperatures, particularly those living in polar environments. These results suggest that OPFRs could have unique effects on the organisms living in the Arctic compared with other environments. Further studies are needed to understand the long-term impacts of exposure to environmentally realistic concentrations using laboratory and field-based studies. Environ Toxicol Chem 2021;40:1639–1648. © 2021 SETAC
Effects of physical exercise on the aging brain across imaging modalities: A meta‐analysis of neuroimaging studies in randomized controlled trials
Authors: Ji Lanxin , Steffens David C. , Wang Lihong
Published: February 2021

Background

Physical exercise is effective in protecting against age‐related neurodegeneration and cognitive decline. Although there are many neuroimaging studies to evaluate the effect of physical exercise on aging brains, consistent conclusions are limited due to the wide variety of measuring techniques and small sample sizes.

Objective

Identify brain regions that show exercise‐induced neuroplasticity consistently across various imaging modalities and correlate regional neuroplasticity with cognitive changes in older adults.

Methods

An electronic literature search for randomized controlled trials with magnetic resonance imaging measures was performed. We conducted a series of quantitative meta‐analyses using activation likelihood estimation on included studies with voxel‐based neuroimaging findings. Nonvoxelbased findings were summarized as a descriptive review.

Results

Out of 839 publications identified from the literature search, 30 experiments including 2670 participants from 22 papers met the criteria of meta‐analyses. Overall, physical exercise consistently results in structural and functional changes in the hippocampus/parahippocampusl area and a cluster within the cerebellum. Although changes of medial/superior prefrontal cortex did not pass the stringent threshold, they were associated with cognitive changes.

Conclusions

This study highlights the effectiveness of physical exercise in inducing hippocampus plasticity, which may be crucially relevant for maintaining memory function in older adults.
Laparoscopic ileal ureteral replacement to preserve the natural anti‐reflux system: An initial case report
Authors: Shinohara Mayuka , Shin Toshitaka , Shibuya Tadamasa , Ando Tadasuke , Mimata Hiromitsu
Published: February 2021

Introduction

Ileal ureteral replacement is one of the treatment options for long ureteral strictures. Most ileal ureteral replacements anastomose the distal side of the ileal segment directly to the bladder. We have reported here an initial case of laparoscopic ileal ureteral replacement for preserving the natural anti‐reflux system.

Case presentation

A 29‐year‐old male presented with right flank pain, and his imaging results revealed multiple strictures of the right upper‐middle ureter. Hence, we performed a laparoscopic ileal ureteral replacement surgery. The normal distal ureter was preserved, and the distal side of the ileal segment was anastomosed to it. As such, the natural anti‐reflux system could be completely preserved. Following this, the renal function was maintained, and no urinary tract infection was recorded.

Conclusion

Laparoscopic ileal ureteral replacement, which preserves the natural anti‐reflux system, can be considered as a treatment option for refractory upper‐middle ureteral strictures.
Finding underlying genetic mechanisms of two patients with autism spectrum disorder carrying familial apparently balanced chromosomal translocations
Authors: Toraman Bayram , Bilginer Samiye Çilem , Hesapçıoğlu Selma Tural , Göker Zeynep , Soykam Hüseyin Okan , Ergüner Bekir , Dinçer Tuba , Yıldız Gökhan , Ünsal Serbülent , Kasap Burak Kaan , Kandil Sema , Kalay Ersan
Published: February 2021

Background

Genetic etiologies of autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are complex, and the genetic factors identified so far are very diverse. In complex genetic diseases such as ASD, de novo or inherited chromosomal abnormalities are valuable findings for researchers with respect to identifying the underlying genetic risk factors. With gene mapping studies on these chromosomal abnormalities, dozens of genes have been associated with ASD and other neurodevelopmental genetic diseases. In the present study, we aimed to idenitfy the causative genetic factors in patients with ASD who have an apparently balanced chromosomal translocation in their karyotypes.

Methods

For mapping the broken genes as a result of chromosomal translocations, we performed whole genome DNA sequencing. Chromosomal breakpoints and large DNA copy number variations (CNV) were determined after genome alignment. Identified CNVs and single nucleotide variations (SNV) were evaluated with VCF‐BED intersect and Gemini tools, respectively. A targeted resequencing approach was performed on the JMJD1C gene in all of the ASD cohorts (220 patients). For molecular modeling, we used a homology modeling approach via the SWISS‐MODEL.

Results

We found that there was no contribution of the broken genes or regulator DNA sequences to ASD, whereas the SNVs on the JMJD1C, CNKSR2 and DDX11 genes were the most convincing genetic risk factors for underlying ASD phenotypes.

Conclusions

Genetic etiologies of ASD should be analyzed comprehensively by taking into account of the all chromosomal structural abnormalities and de novo or inherited CNV/SNVs with all possible inheritance patterns.
Systematic review of the methodological literature for integrating qualitative evidence syntheses into health guideline development
Authors: Carmona Chris , Baxter Susan , Carroll Christopher
Published: February 2021

Guidelines produced by local, national and international bodies underpin clinical practice and healthcare services worldwide. For guidelines to be based on the best available evidence, it is critical that syntheses of both qualitative and quantitative evidence are used to inform decision‐making. As methods for qualitative evidence syntheses (QES) develop, they are increasingly able to inform health guideline production. However, the process whereby this form of evidence is considered and incorporated tends to be unclear. This systematic review synthesized existing guidance concerning the use of QES in guideline development. Sources published in English that described or prescribed methods for incorporating QES into evidence‐based health guidelines were eligible for inclusion. Seventeen relevant papers were identified. The literature indicates that there is a reasonable consensus about many stages of conducting a QES to inform guideline development. Areas needing further exploration include: the way that committees engage with QES; the usefulness of different QES methodologies; and understanding of how expert committees use evidence. Methods for producing QES for guideline committees tend to be similar to quantitative systematic review methods in terms of searching, quality appraisal, systematic management of data, and presentation of results. While this allows transparency and accountability, it could be argued that it is less “true” to the principles of being led by the data, which are fundamental to most qualitative research. Understanding the process of using QES to produce guidelines is critical to determining their validity and applicability, and to ensure that healthcare provision is based on the best available evidence.
Magnesium Oxide‐Catalyzed Conversion of Chitin to Lactic Acid
Authors: Kun‐asa Kodchakon , Reubroycharoen Prasert , Yamazaki Kiyoyuki , Mimura Naoki , Sato Osamu , Yamaguchi Aritomo
Published: February 2021

Invited for this month's cover are the groups of Prasert Reubroycharoen at the Chulalongkorn University (Thailand) and Aritomo Yamaguchi at the National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (Japan). The cover picture shows the the conversion of chitin, which is generated by food processing, into lactic acid with catalysis by magnesium oxides. Although chitin, a main component of the shells of crustaceans, can be converted to valuable products by means of homogeneous catalysis, most of the chitin is treated as industrial waste because use of homogeneous catalysts is compromised by difficulties associated with product separation from the catalysts and the recyclability of the catalysts. Thus, a method for converting chitin to useful chemicals, such as lactic acid, by using solid catalysts would be beneficial. Magnesium oxide catalysts can be reused twice without loss of activity. Read the full text of their Full Paper at 10.1002/open.202000303.
Metal–Insulator Transitions in Stable V2O3 Thin Films: Atomic Layer Deposition and Postdeposition Annealing Studies
Authors: Manjunath Krishnappa , Singh Reetendra , Panda Debendra Prasad , Rao Chintamani Nagesa Ramachandra
Published: February 2021

New, stable V2O3 thin films are prepared using VO(acac)2 and ozone (O3) by atomic layer deposition (ALD) and a post‐treatment process on a c‐Al2O3 substrate. The obtained V2O3 thin films are crystalline, and have single‐phase and rhombohedral structure. The present ALD process yields a thickness of 48 nm by 1000 ALD cycles at a temperature of 200 °C; it portrays uniformity on planar sapphire substrates. The V2O3 films (48 nm) exhibit a sharp metal–insulator transition (MIT) at a temperature of ≈165 K with five orders of magnitude change in electrical resistivity.
Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT‐ICR‐MS) peak intensity normalization for complex mixture analyses
Authors: Thompson Allison M. , Stratton Kelly G. , Bramer Lisa M. , Zavoshy Nicole S. , McCue Lee Ann
Published: February 2021

Rationale

Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT‐ICR‐MS) is a preferred technique for analyzing complex organic mixtures. Currently, there is no consensus normalization approach, nor an objective method for selecting one, for quantitative analyses of FT‐ICR‐MS data. We investigate a method to evaluate and score the amount of bias various normalization approaches introduce into the data.

Methods

We evaluate the ability of the Statistical Procedure for the Analysis of Normalization Strategies (SPANS) to guide the selection of appropriate normalization approaches for two different FT‐ICR‐MS data sets. Furthermore, we test the robustness of SPANS results to changes in SPANS parameter values and assess the impact of using various normalization approaches on downstream statistical analyses.

Results

The normalization approach identified by SPANS differed for the two data sets. Normalization methods impacted the statistical significance of peaks differently, underscoring the importance of carefully evaluating potential methods. More consistent SPANS scores resulted when at least 120 significant peaks are used, where larger sets of peaks were obtained by increasing the p‐value threshold. Interestingly, we show that total sum scaling and highest peak normalization, used in previous studies, underperformed relative to SPANS‐recommended normalization approaches.

Conclusions

Although there is no single, best normalization method for all data sets, SPANS provides a mechanism to identify an appropriate normalization method for analyzing FT‐ICR‐MS data quantitatively. The number of peaks used in the background distributions of SPANS contributes more significantly to the reproducibility of results than the p‐value thresholds used to obtain those peaks.
RankFromSets: Scalable set recommendation with optimal recall
Authors: Altosaar Jaan , Ranganath Rajesh , Tansey Wesley
Published: February 2021

We study a variant of user‐item recommendation where each item has a set of attributes, such as tags on an image, user reactions to a post or foods in a meal. We focus on the latter example, with the goal of building a meal recommender for a diet tracking app. Meal recommendation is challenging: (i) each item (meal) is rarely logged by more than a handful of users, (ii) the database of attributes (foods) is large, and (iii) each item is tagged with only a handful of attributes. We propose RankFromSets (RFS), a flexible and scalable class of models for recommending items with attributes. RFS treats item attributes as set‐valued side information and learns embeddings to discriminate items a user will consume from items a user is unlikely to consume. We develop theory connecting the RFS objective to optimal recall and show that the learnable class of models for RFS is a superset of several previously proposed models. We then develop a stochastic optimization method for RFS that uses negative sampling to scale to massive problems like meal recommendation. In experiments on a real dataset of 55k users logging 16M meals, the new method outperforms competing approaches while learning embeddings that reveal interpretable structure in user behavior. Code is available on GitHub (https://github.com/altosaar/rankfromsets).
Lumbar puncture patient video increases knowledge and reduces uncertainty: An RCT
Authors: Babapour Mofrad Rosha , Fruijtier Agnetha D. , Visser Leonie N. C. , Hoogland Nina , van Dijk Maisa , van Rossum Frederique , Bouwman Femke H. , Smets Ellen M. A. , Teunissen Charlotte E. , van der Flier Wiesje M.
Published: February 2021

Background

Patients often perceive a lumbar puncture (LP) as an invasive procedure. We aimed to evaluate the impact of a 3‐minute educational animation‐video explaining the LP procedure, on patients’ knowledge, uncertainty, anxiety, and post‐LP complications.

Methods

We included 203 newly referred memory clinic patients, who were randomly assigned to one of three conditions: (1) home viewing of the video, (2) clinic viewing of the video, or (3) control condition (care as usual). Participants completed questionnaires measuring knowledge as information recall, uncertainty, anxiety, and post‐LP complications, the latter when patients underwent an LP procedure (n = 145).

Results

Viewing the video increased information recall for both home (P < .001), and clinic viewers (P < .001) compared to controls. Levels of uncertainty decreased after viewing (Pfor interaction = .044), particularly for clinic viewers. Viewing the video or not did not affect anxiety and post‐LP complications.

Discussion

Preparing individuals for an LP by means of an educational video can help to increase knowledge about the procedure and reduce feelings of uncertainty.
Assessing the LGBT cultural competency of dementia care providers
Authors: Nowaskie Dustin Z. , Sewell Daniel D.
Published: February 2021

Introduction

Although dementia risk factors are elevated in lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) older adults and are perpetuated by a lack of cultural competency, no known studies have quantified LGBT cultural competency among dementia care providers.

Methods

Dementia care providers (N = 105) across the United States completed a survey consisting of the 7‐point Likert LGBT‐Development of Clinical Skills Scale.

RESULTS

Dementia care providers reported very high affirming attitudes (M = 6.67, standard deviation [SD] = 0.71), moderate knowledge (M = 5.32, SD = 1.25), and moderate clinical preparedness (M = 4.93, SD = 1.23). Compared to previously published data, they reported significantly lower knowledge than medical students. There were no differences compared to psychiatry residents.

Discussion

The current state of dementia care providers’ LGBT cultural competency has significant, yet modifiable, gaps. Better education, including more LGBT patient exposure, is necessary to improve the care being provided to members of the LGBT community impacted by dementia illness.
The Design of Experiments in Neuroscience
Authors: Harrington Mary E.
Published: February 2021

Using engaging prose, Mary E. Harrington introduces neuroscience students to the principles of scientific research including selecting a topic, designing an experiment, analyzing data, and presenting research. This new third edition updates and clarifies the book's wealth of examples while maintaining the clear and effective practical advice of the previous editions. New and expanded topics in this edition include techniques such as optogenetics and conditional transgenes as well as a discussion of rigor and reproducibility in neuroscience research. Extended coverage of descriptive and inferential statistics arms readers with the analytical tools needed to interpret data. Throughout, practical guidelines are provided on avoiding experimental design problems, presenting research including creating posters and giving talks, and using a '12-step guide' to reading scientific journal articles.
Installation Art and the Museum
Authors: van Saaze Vivian
Published: February 2021

Installation art has become mainstream in artistic practices. However, acquiring and displaying such artworks means that curators and conservators are challenged to deal with obsolete technologies, ephemeral materials, and other issues concerning care and management of these artworks. By analyzing three in-depth case studies, the author sheds new light on the key concepts of traditional conservation - authenticity, artist's intention, and the notion of ownership - while exploring how these concepts apply in contemporary art conservation.
The Essence of Scenarios
Authors: Kupers Roland , Wilkinson Angela
Published: February 2021

In 1965, Royal Dutch Shell started experimenting with a new approach to preparing for the future. This approach, called scenario planning, eschewed forecasting in favor of plausible alternative stories. By using stories, or 'scenarios,' Shell aimed to avoid the false assumption that the future would look much like the present - an assumption that marred most corporate planning at the time. The Essence of Scenarios offers unmatched insight into the company's innovative practice, which still has a huge influence on the way businesses, governments, and other organizations think about and plan for the future. In the course of their research, Angela Wilkinson and Roland Kupers interviewed almost every living veteran of the Shell scenario planning operation, along with many top Shell executives from later periods. Drawing on these interviews, the authors identify several principles that characterize the Shell process and explain how it has survived and thrived for so long. They also enumerate the qualities of successful Shell scenarios, which above all must be plausible stories with logical trajectories. Ultimately, Wilkinson and Kupers demonstrate the value of scenario planning as a sustained practice, rather than as a one-off exercise.
Biography of an Industrial Landscape
Authors: Riesto Svava
Published: February 2021

Biography of an Industrial Landscape tells the story of one of the most significant urban redevelopment projects in northern Europe at the turn of the century. Examining the reinvention of the Carlsberg brewery site in Copenhagen as a city district, Svava Riesto unpacks the deeper assumptions about value that lie behind contemporary design, spatial planning and heritage practices. In particular, Riesto examines ways of valuing a vital yet seldom explicitly discussed feature of industrial landscapes: open space. Carlsberg's industrial open spaces were largely disregarded during the redevelopment, which was founded on canonical heritage thinking and ideas about urban space that were poorly equipped to include the characteristics of these spaces in the design's considerations. As a response, this account reappraises industrial open spaces. Drawing on Henri Lefebvre and biographical approaches to landscape research, the Carlsberg site's open spaces are presented anew as an interplay of materials, practices and the imagination - shaped and reshaped by water, yeast, industrial working routines and conflicting ideas about the future city.
The Player's Power to Change the Game
Authors: Schleiner Anne-Marie
Published: February 2021

In recent decades, what could be considered a gamification of the world has occurred, as the ties between games and activism, games and war, and games and the city grow ever stronger. In this book, Anne-Marie Schleiner explores a concept she calls 'ludic mutation', a transformative process in which the player, who is expected to engage in the preprogramed interactions of the game and accept its imposed subjective constraints, seizes back some of the power otherwise lost to the game itself. Crucially, this power grab is also relevant beyond the game because players then see the external world as material to be reconfigured, an approach with important ramifications for everything from social activism to contemporary warfare.
Making European Cult Cinema
Authors: Carter Oliver
Published: February 2021

Fans of cult films don't just watch the movies they love-they frequently engage with them in other, more creative ways as well. Making European Cult Cinema explores the ways in which that fandom could be understood as an alternative economy of fan enterprise, through a close look at how fans produce and distribute artifacts and commodities related to cult films. Built around interviews and ethnographic observations-and even the author's own fan enterprise-the book creates an innovative theoretical framework that draws in ideas from cultural studies and political economy to introduce the concept of an 'alternative economy' as a way to understand fan productions.
Fish Trade in Medieval North Atlantic Societies
Authors: Dufeu Val
Published: February 2021

Val Dufeu here reconstructs settlement patterns of fishing communities in Viking Age Iceland and proposes socio-economic and environmental models relevant to any study of the Vikings or the North Atlantic. She integrates written sources, geoarchaeological data, and zooarchaeological data to examine how fishing propelled political change in the North Atlantic. The evolution of survival fishing to internal fish markets to overseas fish trade mirrors wider social changes in the Vikings' world.
Late Bresson and the Visual Arts
Authors: Watkins Raymond
Published: February 2021

The color films of French film director Robert Bresson (1901–99) have largely been neglected, despite the fact that Bresson himself considered them to be more fully realized reflections of his aspirations for the cinema. This study presents a revised and revitalized Bresson, comparing his late style to painterly innovations in color, light, and iconography from the Middle Ages to the present, to abstract painting in France after World War II, and to affinities with the avant-garde movements of Surrealism, Constructivism, and Minimalism. Drawing on media archeology, this study views Bresson's work through such allied visual arts practices as painting, photography, sculpture, theater, and dance.
Hunt for Nazis
Authors: Stahl Daniel
Published: February 2021

Hunt for Nazis is the first comprehensive account of the post-1945 efforts to bring Nazi war criminals who had escaped to South America to justice. The author shows that the Nazi hunt -- which resulted in spectacular cases like the kidnapping of Adolf Eichmann -- should not only be understood as part of the afterlife of the Third Reich, but that it also became an integral aspect of dealing with repression at the hands of authoritarian regimes in South America. Dissidents and human rights activists assumed that the escaped Nazi perpetrators and collaborators continued to be involved in violent crimes in the service of these new dictatorships.
Chivalry, Reading, and Women's Culture in Early Modern Spain
Authors: Triplette Stacey
Published: February 2021

The Iberian chivalric romance has long been thought of as an archaic, masculine genre and its popularity as an aberration in European literary history. Chivalry, Reading, and Women's Culture in Early Modern Spain contests this view, arguing that the surprisingly egalitarian gender politics of Spain's most famous romance of chivalry has guaranteed it a long afterlife. Amadís de Gaula had a notorious appeal for female audiences, and the early modern authors who borrowed from it varied in their reactions to its large cast of literate female characters. Don Quixote and other works that situate women as readers carry the influence of Amadís forward into the modern novel. When early modern authors read chivalric romance, they also read gender, harnessing the female characters of the source text to a variety of political and aesthetic purposes.
Wicked Philosophy
Authors: Tromp Coyan
Published: February 2021

Wicked Philosophy. Philosophy of Science and Vision Development for Complex Problems provides an overview of the philosophy of the natural sciences, the social sciences and the humanities, and explores how insights from these three domains can be integrated to help find solutions for the complex, 'wicked' problems we are currently facing. The core of a new science-based vision is complexity thinking, offering a meta-position for navigating alternative paradigms and making informed choices of resources for projects involving complex problems. The book also brings design thinking into problem-solving and teaching, fostering construction of an integrative approach that bridges structure and action amplified by transdisciplinary engagement of stakeholders in society.
Knowledge, Attitudes, and Behavior Toward COVID-19 Among Jordanian Residents During the Quarantine Period of the COVID-19 Pandemic: A National Survey
Authors: Al-Hussami Mahmoud , El-Hneiti Mamdouh , Bani Salameh Ayman , Abu Sharour Loai , Al-Hussami Rawan
Published: February 2021

Objectives:

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a communicable disease transmitted via respiratory droplet from 1 person to another caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). This study aims to investigate the knowledge, attitudes, and practice of Jordanian people toward COVID-19 during the COVID-19 pandemic. In addition, the paper explores the lack of perception and adherence to preventive measures toward COVID-19.

Methods:

A quantitative, cross-sectional, descriptive online survey was used to explore study variables. A convenience sample of individual who are of Jordanian nationality, were aged 18 years or older, understood the content of the questionnaire, and agreed to participate voluntarily was surveyed.

Results:

The average correct score of COVID-19 knowledge was 84.44% (12.66/15). In addition, knowledge scores significantly differed across demographic characteristics of participants. Moreover, 93.8% (1009) of the study sample had confidence that Jordan can win the battle against the COVID-19 virus. However, study participants acknowledged that they did not visit crowded places in recent days (91.6%), while 71.3% (767) wore masks when leaving home.

Conclusions:

The current study added a new knowledge that generally the Jordanian people during the quarantine period have a high knowledge and optimistic attitudes and practices toward COVID-19.
Emergency Department Changes to Combat COVID-19 in Oman
Authors: Khilji Muhammad Faisal , Al Jufaili Mehmood
Published: February 2021

Our hospital is one of the tertiary care hospitals in Oman receiving coronavirus disease (COVID-19; C19) patients. To meet the expected surge of patients, a number of changes was made to the emergency department (ED), especially regarding capacity building and patient flow. At first, few changes were made to the main ED, which mainly includes the addition of a COVID suspect room with the use of a separate resuscitation area. The major drawback of the abovementioned system was the inability to see more than 2 patients simultaneously. A later separate COVID emergency department (CED) was used. In the CED, pending admissions was the major problem, as the C19 ward and C19 intensive care unit were becoming full; this problem was solved through central command help. In the normal ED, the main problem was the presentation of C19-positive patients sometimes hiding their symptoms and reaching inside the main ED, exposing the staff and patients. In order to combat this problem, all patients with an acute respiratory problem, even if C19 is not suspected, were taken to the corner cubicle. In this report, the changes made in the ED to combat C19 spread are discussed.
Automatic Calibration of Groundwater Models With Bias Correction and Data Filtering: Working With Drawdown Data
Authors: Trabucchi Michela , Fernàndez‐Garcia Daniel , Carrera Jesús
Published: February 2021

The drawdown response to a hydraulic stress contains crucial information to characterize an aquifer. Modeling drawdowns is far easier than modeling heads because they are subject to homogeneous (zero) internal sink/sources, and boundary and initial conditions. The problem lies on the fact that drawdowns are not measured directly but derived from measurements of head fluctuations. Resulting drawdowns may suffer persistent inaccuracies in complex systems with uncertain long‐acting external stresses, so that they are affected not only by errors in head measurements, but also in estimates of the natural head evolution. This hinders the use of drawdowns in groundwater models, and forces modelers to employ absolute heads and soft information. In this context, we present a method to filter systematic errors in drawdown data during the calibration of a groundwater model. To do this, we introduce a bias correction term in a composite inverse problem that combines a natural head model with a drawdown model. Since these two models share the same parameters, a two‐stage iterative optimization algorithm is developed to jointly estimate the bias, natural trends, and parameters. The method is illustrated by a synthetic example in a heterogeneous aquifer. The example shows that the method converges to the best conditional estimate even when absolute head data is strongly biased. In the same example, we demonstrate that the use of biased absolute head data in the traditional inverse problem can also provide good fittings but, in this case, the bias leads to an incorrect estimation of the transmissivity field.
Spacecraft Reveal New Details of Magnetic Reconnection
Authors: Rehnberg Morgan
Published: February 2021

Energetic electrons are accelerated directly by magnetic reconnections and can act as tracers of large-scale magnetic field conditions.
Author Correction: A novel assay to measure calcification propensity: from laboratory to humans
Authors: Perez M. Mar , Ferrer Miguel D. , Lazo-Rodriguez Marta , Canals Ana Zeralda , Banon-Maneus Elisenda , Campistol Josep M. , Miller Stephan , Garg Rekha , Gold Alex , Salcedo Carolina , Perelló Joan
Published: February 2021

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.
A potential method to determine pigment particle size on ancient murals using laser induced breakdown spectroscopy and chemometric analysis
Authors: Yin Yaopeng , Yu Zongren , Sun Duixiong , Su Maogen , Wang Zhuo , Shan Zhongwei , Han Weiwei , Su Bomin , Dong Chenzhong
Published: February 2021

Information on pigment sizes in murals is a key factor in determining the suitable processes of possible restoration and conservation on ancient murals and is also significant for the investigation of a mural's historic value and analysis of its technical process.
Homo-FRET enhanced ratiometric fluorescence strategy for exonuclease III activity detection
Authors: Zhang Xu , Bai Yan , Jiang Yongjian , Wang Na , Yang Feifan , Zhan Lei , Huang Chengzhi
Published: February 2021

A homo-FRET enhanced ratiometric fluorescence method has been developed successfully for the detection of Exo III activity.
Synergetic anticancer activity of gold porphyrin appended to phenyl tin malonate organometallic complexes
Authors: Nguyen Christophe , Toubia Isabelle , Diring Stéphane , Hadj-Kaddour Kamel , Gary-Bobo Magali , Kobeissi Marwan , Odobel Fabrice
Published: February 2021

The covalent attachment of these two anticancer chemotherapeutics makes it more efficient and selective than the equimolar mixture.
Traditional plants from Asteraceae family as potential candidates for functional food industry
Authors: Garcia-Oliveira Paula , Barral Marta , Carpena María , Gullón Patricia , Fraga-Corral María , Otero Paz , Prieto Miguel A. , Simal-Gandara Jesús
Published: February 2021

A revision of ten WEPs from Northwest Spain is carried out on the main aspects of their bioactive properties, their traditional use, and their incorporation into the diet as new food, investigating their gastronomic applications and health benefits.
Photo-induced copper-catalyzed alkynylation and amination of remote unactivated C(sp3)-H bonds
Authors: Cao Zhusong , Li Jianye , Sun Youwen , Zhang Hanwen , Mo Xueling , Cao Xin , Zhang Guozhu
Published: February 2021

Remote C−H alkynylation and amination of aliphatic alcohols.
Static adhesion hysteresis in elastic structures
Authors: Memet Edvin , Hilitski Feodor , Dogic Zvonimir , Mahadevan L.
Published: February 2021

We provide a minimal theory to explain the static adhesive hysteresis and energy loss in peeling elastic structures such as graphene sheets, carbon nanotubes, and corroborate this using experiments on microtubule bundles.
Novel tri-[2]rotaxane-based stimuli-responsive fluorescent nanoparticles and their guest controlled reversible morphological transformation properties
Authors: Lin Qi , Wang Zhong-Hui , Huang Ting-Ting , Wei Tai-Bao , Yao Hong , Zhang You-Ming
Published: February 2021

Novel tri-[2]rotaxane-based fluorescent nanomaterials show selective fluorescence response towards suberic acid and could reversibly switch from nanoparticles to nano-film.
Formation of a tris(catecholato) iron(iii) complex with a nature-inspired cyclic peptoid ligand
Authors: Oh Jinyoung , Kang Dahyun , Hong Sugyeong , Kim Sun H. , Choi Jun-Ho , Seo Jiwon
Published: February 2021

Siderophore-mimicking catechol-containing macrocyclic peptoids were synthesized, and their Fe(iii) complexes were characterized. The 3-Fe(iii) complex exhibited stable tris-complex with a 1 : 1 stoichiometry.
Stereocontrolled syntheses of (−)- and (+)-γ-diisoeugenol along with optically active eight stereoisomers of 7,8′-epoxy-8,7′-neolignan
Authors: Takubo Tatsuaki , Kikuchi Nao , Nishiwaki Hisashi , Yamauchi Satoshi
Published: February 2021

It was shown that reduction of the tertiary benzylic hydroxy group of 3-furanol followed by the intramolecular Friedel–Crafts reaction gave exclusively indane structure along with 7,8′-epoxy-8,7′-neolignan structure.
Synthesis of methanesulfone-containing tetrasubstituted carbon stereocenters
Authors: Zhou Wei , Tian You-Ping , Zhou Hao-Jie , Wang Hui-Juan , Ren Yan , Liu Xiong-Li
Published: February 2021

Synthesis of sulfone-containing tetrasubstituted carbon stereocenters.
Aqueous synthesis of tin- and indium-doped WO3 films via evaporation-driven deposition and their electrochromic properties
Authors: Uchiyama Hiroaki , Nakamura Yoshiki , Igarashi Seishirou
Published: February 2021

WO3 and M-doped WO3 (M = Sn or In) electrochromic films were obtained from aqueous solutions via evaporation-driven deposition. The In–WO3 films showed a faster electrochromic response than WO3 and Sn–WO3 films, and a good cycle stability.
Reduced graphene oxide-coated electrospun fibre: effect of orientation, coverage and electrical stimulation on Schwann cells behavior
Authors: Huang Zhiqiang , Sun Manman , Li Yanyi , Guo Zhenzhao , Li Hong
Published: February 2021

A conductive fibrous scaffold with typical aligned topography is beneficial for the adhesion, proliferation, NGF secretion and migration of Schwann cells under electrical stimulation.
An adaptive frame slotted ALOHA anti‐collision algorithm based on tag grouping
Authors: Qu Junsuo , Wang Ting
Published: February 2021

Multi‐tag anti‐collision is an important problem in radio frequency identification (RFID) application. Solving the problem is of great significance to the RFID technology application and the future internet of things; therefore, an adaptive frame slotted ALOHA anti‐collision algorithm based on tag grouping (IGA) is proposed. First, a novel method for estimating the number of tags accurately is proposed. Through theoretical research and the experimental verification, a relationship is obtained between the ratio of the collision time slot in the frame and the average number of tags in each collision slot, which helps us to calculate the number of tags. Second, the method of estimating the number of tags is applied to the IGA algorithm. The reader randomly groups the tags after the number of tags are estimated, and recognises the tags by grouping. In the identification process, the idle time slot is skipped automatically, and the collided tags can be identified with an additional frame until all tags are identified. The simulation results show that the total time slot of the IGA algorithm is relatively small, and the identification efficiency is about 71%, which is 30% better than the the improved RFID anti‐collision algorithm and 90% higher than the traditional ALOHA algorithm.
PL‐VSCN: Patch‐level vision similarity compares network for image matching
Authors: You Xiong , Li Qin , Li Ke , Yu Anzhu , Bu Shuhui
Published: February 2021

Image matching plays an important role in various computer vision tasks, such as image retrieval and loop closure detection in Simultaneous Localization and Mapping. The authors propose a discriminative patch‐based image matching method that converts the problem of whole image matching to that of local patch matching. To construct the patch representation, the Patch‐Level Vision Similarity Compare Network (PL‐VSCN) is proposed to produce the patch feature. In the image matching process, local patches that potentially contain objects within images are initially detected, and the discriminative feature of each patch is extracted based on the pre‐trained PL‐VSCN. Then, the similarities between the patch pairs are calculated to construct the similarity matrix, and the corresponding patch pairs are detected based on the mutual matching mechanism on the similarity matrix. Experimental results indicate that the proposed PL‐VSCN can generate the discriminative patch feature, which can accurately match the patch pairs with the corresponding content and distinguish those with non‐corresponding content. In addition, the comparison experiments demonstrate that the proposed image matching method outperforms existing approaches on most datasets and effectively completes the image matching task.