bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Influence of digital implant analog design on the positional trueness of an analog in additively manufactured models: An in‐vitro study
Authors: Mata‐Mata Severino J. , Donmez Mustafa Borga , Meirelles Luiz , Johnston William Michael , Yilmaz Burak
Published: October 2022

Background

Limited evidence exists regarding the accuracy of implant analog position in printed models, particularly when implant analogs with varying designs are used.

Purpose

To evaluate the effect of digital implant analog (DIA) design on the trueness of their position in additively manufactured digital implant models (DIMs) and to compare with that of a conventional implant analog in a stone cast.

Materials and Methods

A dentate maxillary model with a conventional implant analog (Nobel Biocare Implant Replica 4.3 mm CC RP) at left second premolar site was digitized by using a laboratory scanner (3Shape D2000) and a (SB) scan body to generate the master standard tessellation language (STL) file (M0). 12 custom trays were fabricated on M0 file and conventional polyvinylsiloxane impressions of the model were made. All impressions were poured after inserting conventional implant analogs (Nobel RP Implant Replica) (Group A). Model was then digitized with an intraoral scanner (TRIOS 3) and the same SB, and DIMs with three different DIA designs (Nobel Biocare [Group B], Elos [Group C], and NT‐trading [Group D]) were generated (Dental System‐Model Builder). 12 DIMs of each design were additively manufactured and corresponding DIAs were inserted. All models were digitized by using the same laboratory scanner and SB, and these STLs were transferred to a 3D analysis software (Geomagic Control X), where the STL files of the models were superimposed over M0. Linear and 3D deviations at three selected points on SB (implant‐abutment connection, most cervical point on SB, and most coronal point on SB) as well as angular deviations on two planes (buccolingual and mesiodistal) were calculated. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Bonferroni corrected t‐tests were used to analyze the trueness of implant analog positions (α = 0.05).

Results

The interaction of main effects significantly affected linear (p < 0.001) and angular deviations (p = 0.020). At point 1, group D had higher deviations than groups A and B (p ≤ 0.015). In addition, groups A and D had higher deviations than group B at point 4 (p < 0.001). While group C had similar linear deviations to those of other groups at point 1 and point 4 (p ≥ 0.192), the differences among test groups at point 2 were nonsignificant (p ≥ 0.276). Group B had lower angular deviations than groups C (p = 0.039) and D (p = 0.006) on buccolingual plane.

Conclusions

Analog design affected the trueness of analog position as proprietary, pressure/friction fit DIA (group B) had higher linear trueness than screw‐retained DIA (Group D) and conventional implant analog (group A). In addition, pressure/friction fit DIA had the highest angular trueness among tested DIAs.
Bacterial endocarditis with AACEK (HACEK) organisms
Authors: Kuohn Lindsey R. , Ro Richard , Bamira Daniel , Vainrib Alan , Freedberg Robin , Galloway Aubrey , Williams Mathew R. , Saric Muhamed
Published: October 2022

Introduction

Gram‐negative organisms of the AACEK group, formerly known as HACEK, rarely cause endocarditis.

Case Series

We present three cases of bacterial endocarditis, involving native and prosthetic valves, caused by AACEK organisms. In two patients, Cardiobacterium hominis was the responsible organism, and in a third, Aggregatibacter aphrophilus was implicated. A dental source of infection was identified in two patients, and in all three patients, the presentation of endocarditis was subacute.

Discussion

This case series highlights the indolent nature of infection with the AACEK organisms. It also demonstrates the crucial role of multimodality imaging, especially transesophageal echocardiography, in the diagnosis of AACEk endocarditis of both native and prosthetic valves, and in delineating the extent of abscess in those with prosthetic valve infection.
A systems medicine strategy to predict the efficacy of drugs for monogenic epilepsies
Authors: Taweel Basel , Marson Anthony G. , Mirza Nasir
Published: October 2022

Objective

Monogenic epilepsies are rare but often severe. Because of their rarity, they are neglected by traditional drug developers. Hence, many lack effective treatments. Treatments for a disease can be discovered more quickly and economically by computationally predicting drugs that can be repurposed for it. We aimed to create a computational method to predict the efficacy of drugs for monogenic epilepsies, and to use the method to predict drugs for Dravet syndrome, as (1) it is the archetypal monogenic catastrophic epilepsy; (2) few antiseizure medications are efficacious in Dravet syndrome; and (3) predicting the effect of drugs on Dravet syndrome is challenging, because Dravet syndrome is typically caused by an SCN1A mutation, but some antiseizure medications that are efficacious in Dravet syndrome do not affect SCN1A, and some antiseizure medications that affect SCN1A aggravate seizures in Dravet syndrome.

Methods

We have devised a computational method to predict drugs that could be repurposed for a monogenic epilepsy, based on a combined measure of drugs' effects upon (1) the function of the disease's causal gene and other genes predicted to influence its phenotype, (2) the transcriptomic dysregulation induced by the casual gene mutation, and (3) clinical phenotypes.

Results

Our method correctly predicts drugs that are more effective, less effective, ineffective, and aggravating for seizures in people with Dravet syndrome. Our method correctly predicts the positive "hits" from large‐scale screening of compounds in an animal model of Dravet syndrome. We predict the relative efficacy of 1462 drugs. At least 38 drugs are ranked higher than one or more of the antiseizure drugs currently used for Dravet syndrome and have existing evidence of antiseizure efficacy in animal models.

Significance

Our predictions are a novel resource for identifying new treatments for seizures in Dravet syndrome, and our method can be adapted for other monogenic epilepsies.
Direct capture, inhibition and crystal structure of HsaD (Rv3569c) from M. tuberculosis
Authors: Barelier Sarah , Avellan Romain , Gnawali Giri Raj , Fourquet Patrick , Roig‐Zamboni Véronique , Poncin Isabelle , Point Vanessa , Bourne Yves , Audebert Stéphane , Camoin Luc , Spilling Christopher D. , Canaan Stéphane , Cavalier Jean‐François , Sulzenbacher Gerlind
Published: October 2022

A hallmark of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tb), the aetiologic agent of tuberculosis, is its ability to metabolise host‐derived lipids. However, the enzymes and mechanisms underlying such metabolism are still largely unknown. We previously reported that the Cyclophostin & Cyclipostins (CyC) analogues, a new family of potent antimycobacterial molecules, react specifically and covalently with (Ser/Cys)‐based enzymes mostly involved in bacterial lipid metabolism. Here, we report the synthesis of new CyC alkyne‐containing inhibitors (CyCyne) and their use for the direct fishing of target proteins in M. tb culture via bio‐orthogonal click‐chemistry activity‐based protein profiling (CC‐ABPP). This approach led to the capture and identification of a variety of enzymes, and many of them involved in lipid or steroid metabolisms. One of the captured enzymes, HsaD (Rv3569c), is required for the survival of M. tb within macrophages and is thus a potential therapeutic target. This prompted us to further explore and validate, through a combination of biochemical and structural approaches, the specificity of HsaD inhibition by the CyC analogues. We confirmed that the CyC bind covalently to the catalytic Ser114 residue, leading to a total loss of enzyme activity. These data were supported by the X‐ray structures of four HsaD‐CyC complexes, obtained at resolutions between 1.6 and 2.6 Å. The identification of mycobacterial enzymes directly captured by the CyCyne probes through CC‐ABPP paves the way to better understand and potentially target key players at crucial stages of the bacilli life cycle.
Experimental tests and FE simulations to compute the mechanical and fracture properties of the shot‐earth 772
Authors: Vantadori Sabrina , Ronchei Camilla , Scorza Daniela , Zanichelli Andrea
Published: October 2022

The present paper is dedicated to the mechanical and fracture characterization of a specific earthen material, that is, the shot‐earth 772. Although such a material has been recently characterized from a microstructural, chemical and physical point of view, the knowledge of its mechanical and fracture properties (essential for extending its use in construction industry) is still lacking. Such characterizations are here performed both experimentally, through laboratory tests, and numerically, through a FE model. The experimental tests (i.e., flexural, compression, and fracture tests) are carried out on shot‐earth specimens according to recommendations available for concrete and a method proposed by the present authors, named Modified Two‐Parameter Model. The numerical analyses are performed by employing a micromechanical model (implemented in a nonlinear 2D FE homemade code), which allows to simulate both flexural and fracture behavior of the shot‐earth examined. Finally, the obtained numerical results are compared with the experimental ones.
Japan Geriatrics Society “Statement for the use of telemedicine in geriatric care: Telemedicine as a complement to in‐person medical practice”: Geriatric Medical Practice Committee consensus statement
Authors:   The Japan Geriatrics Society Geriatric Medical Practice Committee, Nomura Kazushi , Ebihara Satoru , Ikebata Yukihiko , Umegaki Hiroyuki , Ooi Kazuya , Ogawa Sumito , Katsuya Tomohiro , Kobayashi Yoshio , Sakurai Takashi , Miyao Mariko , Yamaguchi Kiyoshi , Akishita Masahiro
Published: October 2022

Telemedicine has changed from a way to treat patients with limited access to hospitals to a necessary method of treatment for non‐urgent conditions during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic. There are two styles of telemedicine, namely “hybrid medical care” and “gateway medical care,” which take advantage of the characteristics of online medical care and might become important in the near future. During hybrid medical care, a patient and their primary care physician have face‐to‐face medical care while simultaneously being examined by a specialist physician through telemedicine, leading to an overall improvement in the level of local medical care and expansion in the number of treatable diseases. Gateway medical practice is a form of telemedicine used for patients who would otherwise refuse or not receive in‐person medical care to engage in consultation with a physician. Telemedicine allows physicians to determine disease severity and triage patients, while reducing unnecessary home visits, emergency hospitalizations and the spread of infection. Telemedicine is less intense than in‐person medical care, and allows for easier collaboration with other healthcare providers. However, telemedicine is not optimal for conditions requiring a definitive diagnosis and a comprehensive understanding of the patient's medical history. It is limited by the patient's ability to use telemedicine devices, and the risk of accidental treatments and fraud. The use of telemedicine might result in the development of new, online comprehensive geriatric assessment tools and technologies. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2022; 22: 913–916.
Average skewness in global equity markets
Authors: Atilgan Yigit , Demirtas K. Ozgur , Gunaydin A. Doruk , Kirli Imra
Published: October 2022

This paper examines the predictive power of average skewness, defined as the average of monthly skewness values across stocks, documented by the prior literature for US market returns in an international setting. First, we confirm the validity of the results in the original study and show that the intertemporal relation between average skewness and aggregate returns becomes weaker in an alternative sample period. Second, when we repeat the analysis in 22 developed non‐US markets, we find that average skewness has no robust predictive power for future market returns. The loss of forecasting power in the international sample does not depend on the method used to calculate average skewness or the regression specification and is supported by additional out‐of‐sample tests and subsample analysis.
Predictors of employment for adults with intellectual and developmental disabilities participating in a postsecondary transition program in the United States
Authors: Barnard‐Brak Lucy , Richman David M. , Mutua Kagendo , Williamson Amy
Published: October 2022

Background

Previous research has shown that post‐secondary collegiate vocational educational programs often have positive effects on employment outcomes for young adults with intellectual and developmental disabilities.

Aims

Using secondary data of a program in the United States collected over several years, we examined which intervention components of a postsecondary education transition program predicted subsequent employment for young adults with intellectual and developmental disabilities.

Materials & Methods

The sample consisted of 56 individuals that participated in a transition‐services collegiate program; Crossing Points, University of Alabama.

Results

Results were able to robustly indicate that acquiring job‐specific skills was a much better predictor than global measures of intellectual or adaptive behaviour. Additionally, survival curve analyses as an innovative approach to this population showed that there was a positive relation between the number of job‐specific training sessions and eventual community employment.

Discussion

Results are discussed in relation to a historical parallel movement to expand inclusion of students with intellectual and developmental disabilities in the least restrictive educational setting for primary and secondary public education years.

Conclusion

In conclusion, the results of the current study suggest positive findings with job‐skills training both specific and general.
Standardized home blood pressure monitoring: Rationale behind the 722 protocol
Authors: Lin Hung‐Ju , Pan Heng‐Yu , Chen Chen‐Huan , Cheng Hao‐Min , Chia Yook‐Chin , Sogunuru Guru Prasad , Tay Jam Chin , Turana Yuda , Verma Narsingh , Kario Kazuomi , Wang Tzung‐Dau
Published: October 2022

Home blood pressure (HBP) has been recognized as a prognostic predictor for cardiovascular events, and integrated into the diagnosis and management of hypertension. With increasing accessibility of oscillometric blood pressure devices, HBP monitoring is easy to perform, more likely to obtain reliable estimation of blood pressures, and feasible to document long‐term blood pressure variations, compared to office and ambulatory blood pressures. To obtain reliable HBP estimates, a standardized HBP monitoring protocol is essential. A consensus regarding the optimal duration and frequency of HBP monitoring is yet to be established. Based on the current evidence, the “722” protocol, which stands for two measurements on one occasion, two occasions a day (morning and evening), and over a consecutive of 7 days, is most commonly used in clinical studies and recommended in relevant guidelines and consensus documents. HBP monitoring based on the “722” protocol fulfills the minimal requirement of blood pressure measurements to achieve agreement of blood pressure classifications defined by office blood pressures and to predict cardiovascular risks. In the Taiwan HBP consensus, the frequency of repeating the “722” protocol of HBP monitoring according to different scenarios of hypertension management, from every 2 weeks to 3 months, is recommended. It is reasonable to conclude that the “722” protocol for HBP monitoring is clinically justified and can serve as a basis for standardized HBP monitoring.
Neurodegenerative diseases and blood pressure variability: A comprehensive review from HOPE Asia
Authors: Turana Yuda , Shen Robert , Nathaniel Michael , Chia Yook‐Chin , Li Yan , Kario Kazuomi
Published: October 2022

Asia has an enormous number of older people and is the primary contributor to the rise in neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease. The therapy of many neurodegenerative diseases has not yet progressed to the point where it is possible to alter the course of the disease. Mid‐life hypertension is an important predictor of later‐life cognitive impairment and brain neurodegenerative conditions. These findings highlight the pivotal role of preventing and managing hypertension as a risk factor for neurodegenerative disease. Autonomic dysfunction, neuropsychiatric and sleep disturbances can arise in neurodegenerative diseases, resulting in blood pressure variability (BPV). The BPV itself can worsen the progression of the disease. In older people with neurodegenerative disease and hypertension, it is critical to consider 24‐h blood pressure monitoring and personalized blood pressure therapy.
Oxidative stability of Moringa oleifera seed oil: Effect of degumming and deodorization on tocopherol retention
Authors: Sukarno Wahyu Budi , Widigdo Iman , Christianti Isti , Wassell Paul
Published: October 2022

Moringa oleifera seed oil (MSO) from Lombok was extracted by n‐hexane and evaluated after refining by several degumming methods to understand the impact of individual tocopherol retention and compared to extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) and high oleic palm oil (HOPO). MSO achieved an Oxidative Stability Index (15.8 h); EVOO (11.7 h) HOPO (8.83 h), based on two factors; the degree of unsaturation and total tocopherols, which did not accurately correlate with oxidation stability. The presence of tocopherol type affected the efficiency of heat stability in MSO, which is caused by a significant level of δ‐tocopherol (13.5 ppm), which was retained, through effective water degumming. Whereas, δ‐tocopherol in EVOO was not detected. This strongly suggests δ‐tocopherol contributes effectively against heat oxidation and thereby improved the overall stability of MSO.

Novelty impact statement

Several novelties are identified in this work, which at the time, could not be found within the literature: first, the type of phosphatide in Moringa Oleifera is in hydratable form. Hence, secondly, we propose the appropriate degumming method for Moringa Oleifera seed oil is by water degumming. And third, the particular tocopherol type most impacting the oxidative stability performance of Moringa Oleifera was identified as δ‐tocopherol.
Assessing the wellbeing of family caregivers of multimorbid and homebound older adults—A scoping literature review
Authors: Robertson Mariah L. , Phung Annie , Bhatnagar Shivani , Li Lingsheng , Schuchman Mattan , Wolff Jennifer , Ritchie Christine , Leff Bruce , Sheehan Orla C.
Published: October 2022

Background

The prevalence of homebound older adults in the United States more than doubled during the COVID‐19 pandemic with greater burden on family caregivers. Higher caregiver burden, more specifically higher treatment burden, contributes to increased rates of nursing home placement. There exist a multitude of tools to measure caregiver well‐being and they vary substantially in their focus. Our primary aim was to perform a scoping literature review to identify tools used to assess the facets of caregiver well‐being experienced by caregivers of persons with multiple chronic conditions (MCC) with a special focus on those caregivers of homebound adult patients.

Methods

The search was conducted in accordance with the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses) extension for scoping reviews. After refining search terms, searches were performed of the peer‐reviewed and gray literature.

Results

After removal of duplicate studies, a total of 5534 total articles were screened for relevance to our study. After all screening and review were completed, 377 total articles remained for full review which included 118 different quantitative tools and 20 different qualitative tools. We identified the 15 most commonly utilized tools in patients with MCC. The Zarit Burden Interview was the most commonly used tool across all of the studies. Of the 377 total studies, only eight of them focused on the homebound population and included 13 total tools.

Conclusions

Building on prior categorization of well‐being tools, our work has identified several tools that can be used to measure caregiver well‐being with a specific focus on those caregivers providing support to older adults with MCC. Most importantly, we have identified tools that can be used to measure caregiver well‐being of family caregivers providing support to homebound older adults, an ever‐growing population who are high cost and high utilizers of health care services.
Income disclosure and consumer judgment in a multilevel marketing experiment
Authors: Miller Austin M. , Snyder Samantha , Bosley Stacie A. , Greenman Sarah
Published: October 2022

Consumer protection concerns have been raised related to income misrepresentation in multilevel marketing (MLM) recruitment. Though not required by law, some MLM firms choose to voluntarily disclose income information about previous participants. Through replication and extension of the experiment created in Bosley, Greenman, and Snyder (2020), we investigate the impact of these disclosures on consumer interest and earnings expectations. We test the external validity of their findings with subjects from Mechanical Turk and explore issues regarding treatment heterogeneity and better‐than‐average bias. Supporting prior findings, we present evidence that income disclosures, on average, do not significantly affect subjects' interest in the MLM opportunity, but they do decrease earnings estimates for most while increasing earnings estimates for a few. These effects depend on a subject's numeracy skills and whether they see their earnings potential as better‐than‐average. We also find that asking about earnings estimates first tends to decrease interest.
Genetic and molecular architecture of familial hypercholesterolemia
Authors: Abifadel Marianne , Boileau Catherine
Published: October 2022

Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death globally. Despite its important risk of premature atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease, familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) is still largely underdiagnosed worldwide. It is one of the most frequently inherited diseases due to mutations, for autosomal dominant forms, in either of the LDLR, APOB, and PCSK9 genes or possibly a few mutations in the APOE gene and, for the rare autosomal forms, in the LDLRAP1 gene. The discovery of the genes implicated in the disease has largely helped to improve the diagnosis and treatment of FH from the LDLR by Brown and Goldstein, as well as the introduction of statins, to PCSK9 discovery in FH by Abifadel et al., and the very rapid availability of PCSK9 inhibitors. In the last two decades, major progress has been made in clinical and genetic diagnostic tools and the therapeutic arsenal against FH. Improving prevention, diagnosis, and treatment and making them more accessible to all patients will help reduce the lifelong burden of the disease.
The double‐edged sword of CEO narcissism: A meta‐analysis of innovation and firm performance implications
Authors: Kraft Priscilla S.
Published: October 2022

Despite a growing body of research, the role of chief executive officer (CEO) narcissism for firm performance is subject to a controversial discussion in the literature. To help advance the discussion, I build on upper echelon theory to propose that innovation is a crucial mediating mechanism that helps explain how CEO narcissism may be beneficial for firm performance. To better understand the conditions under which CEO narcissism may be beneficial for innovation and ultimately firm performance, I investigate the moderating role of CEO gender and managerial discretion. Building on 68 studies, results from meta‐analytical structural equation modeling confirm that CEO narcissism can be beneficial for firm performance through stimulating innovation. However, the results further caution that these performance benefits are likely to be canceled out by other detrimental actions pursued by narcissistic CEOs, indicating that they can be a double‐edged sword for firms. Moreover, the results support that narcissistic female CEOs engage less in innovation (compared to their male counterparts). Interestingly, they seem to engage in other beneficial actions which ultimately improve overall firm performance, whereas their male counterparts engage in other harmful actions which hurt overall firm performance. The results further highlight that, while the upsides of narcissistic CEOs for performance through innovation increase in high managerial discretion contexts, their greater leeway enhances their downsides even more, so that they do not only offset the benefits of narcissistic CEOs, but even lead to detrimental effects for performance. This study contributes to the literature on CEO narcissism by theorizing and empirically demonstrating that the relationship between CEO narcissism and performance is more complex than previously depicted and requires a more nuanced investigation of the underlying mechanism as well as of potential contingencies. Building on these findings, future research opportunities are identified to further advance the literature on CEO narcissism.
Securing wider EU commitment to the elimination of hepatitis C virus
Authors: Wedemeyer Heiner , Tergast Tammo L. , Lazarus Jeffrey V. , Razavi Homie , Bakoyannis Kostas , Baptista‐Leite Ricardo , Bartoli Marco , Bruggmann Philip , Buşoi Cristian‐Silviu , Buti Maria , Carballo Manuel , Castera Laurent , Colombo Massimo , Coutinho Rodrigo Sousa , Dadon Yuval , Esmat Gamal , Esteban Rafael , Farran Joan Colom , Gillyon‐Powell Mark , Goldberg David , Hutchinson Sharon , Janssen Harry L. A. , Kalamitsis George , Kondili Loreta A. , Lambert John S. , Marinho Rui Tato , Maticic Mojca , Patricello Aldo , Peck‐Radosavljevic Markus , Pol Stanislas , Poljak Mario , Pop Cora , Sokol Tomislov , Sypsa Vana , Tözün Nurdan , Younossi Zobair , Aghemo Alessio , Papatheodoridis George V. , Hatzakis Angelos
Published: October 2022

In 2016, the Hepatitis B and C Public Policy Association (HepBCPPA), gathered all the main stakeholders in the field of hepatitis C virus (HCV) to launch the now landmark HCV Elimination Manifesto, calling for the elimination of HCV in the EU by 2030. Since then, many European countries have made progress towards HCV elimination. Multiple programmes—from the municipality level to the EU level—were launched, resulting in an overall decrease in viremic HCV infections and liver‐related mortality. However, as of 2021, most countries are not on track to reach the 2030 HCV elimination targets set by the WHO. Moreover, the COVID‐19 pandemic has resulted in a decrease in HCV diagnoses and fewer direct‐acting antiviral treatment initiations in 2020. Diagnostic and therapeutic tools to easily diagnose and treat chronic HCV infection are now well established. Treating all patients with chronic HCV infection is more cost‐saving than treating and caring for patients with liver‐related complications, decompensated cirrhosis or hepatocellular carcinoma. It is more important than ever to reinforce and scale‐up action towards HCV elimination. Yet, efforts urgently need the dedicated commitment of policymakers at all governmental and policy levels. Therefore, the third EU Policy Summit, held in March 2021, featured EU parliamentarians and other key decision makers to promote dialogue and take strides towards securing wider EU commitment to advance and achieve HCV elimination by 2030. We have summarized the key action points and reported the ‘Call‐to‐Action’ statement supported by all the major relevant European associations in the field.
The Legislative Agenda in 13 African Countries: A Comprehensive Database
Authors: Frantzeskakis Nikolaos , Seeberg Henrik Bech
Published: October 2022

While African legislatures have been receiving increasing academic attention in recent years, efforts to expand our understanding of these institutional bodies have been hampered by a dearth of reliable quantitative data regarding their activity and output. To rectify this issue, we have collected and issue‐classified data on the legislative agenda in 13 African countries. We leverage this new dataset to explore how democratic development affects the legislative agenda. We show that legislatures in more democratic countries have a larger, broader, and more dynamic agenda, and we propose an extensive future research agenda for legislative politics in Africa.
Evaluating the persistence and utility of five wild Vitis species in the context of climate change
Authors: Aguirre‐Liguori Jonas A. , Morales‐Cruz Abraham , Gaut Brandon S.
Published: October 2022

Crop wild relatives (CWRs) have the capacity to contribute novel traits to agriculture. Given climate change, these contributions may be especially vital for the persistence of perennial crops, because perennials are often clonally propagated and consequently do not evolve rapidly. By studying the landscape genomics of samples from five Vitis CWRs (V. arizonica, V. mustangensis, V. riparia, V. berlandieri and V. girdiana) in the context of projected climate change, we addressed two goals. The first was to assess the relative potential of different CWR accessions to persist in the face of climate change. By integrating species distribution models with adaptive genetic variation, additional genetic features such as genomic load and a phenotype (resistance to Pierce's Disease), we predicted that accessions from one species (V. mustangensis) are particularly well‐suited to persist in future climates. The second goal was to identify which CWR accessions may contribute to bioclimatic adaptation for grapevine (V. vinifera) cultivation. To do so, we evaluated whether CWR accessions have the allelic capacity to persist if moved to locations where grapevines are cultivated in the United States. We identified six candidates from V. mustangensis and hypothesized that they may prove useful for contributing alleles that can mitigate climate impacts on viticulture. By identifying candidate germplasm, this study takes a conceptual step toward assessing the genomic and bioclimatic characteristics of CWRs.
RNA‐seq profiling reveals different pathways between remodeled vessels and myocardium in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
Authors: Pisano Annalinda , Pera Loredana Le , Carletti Raffaella , Cerbelli Bruna , Pignataro Maria G. , Pernazza Angelina , Ferre Fabrizio , Lombardi Maria , Lazzeroni Davide , Olivotto Iacopo , Rimoldi Ornella E. , Foglieni Chiara , Camici Paolo G. , d'Amati Giulia
Published: October 2022

Objective

Coronary microvascular dysfunction (CMD) is a key pathophysiological feature of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), contributing to myocardial ischemia and representing a critical determinant of patients' adverse outcome. The molecular mechanisms underlying the morphological and functional changes of CMD are still unknown. Aim of this study was to obtain insights on the molecular pathways associated with microvessel remodeling in HCM.

Methods

Interventricular septum myectomies from patients with obstructive HCM (n = 20) and donors' hearts (CTRL, discarded for technical reasons, n = 7) were collected. Remodeled intramyocardial arterioles and cardiomyocytes were microdissected by laser capture and next‐generation sequencing was used to delineate the transcriptome profile.

Results

We identified 720 exclusive differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in cardiomyocytes and 1315 exclusive DEGs in remodeled arterioles of HCM. Performing gene ontology and pathway enrichment analyses, we identified selectively altered pathways between remodeled arterioles and cardiomyocytes in HCM patients and controls.

Conclusions

We demonstrate the existence of distinctive pathways between remodeled arterioles and cardiomyocytes in HCM patients and controls at the transcriptome level.
Evolution of p‐coumaroylated lignin in eudicots provides new tools for cell wall engineering
Authors: Mottiar Yaseen , Smith Rebecca A. , Karlen Steven D. , Ralph John , Mansfield Shawn D.
Published: October 2022

Ester‐linked p‐coumarate (pCA) is a hallmark feature of the secondary cell walls in commelinid monocot plants. It has been shown that pCA groups arise during lignin polymerisation from the participation of monolignol conjugates assembled by p‐coumaroyl‐CoA:monolignol transferase (PMT) enzymes, members of the BAHD superfamily of acyltransferases.

Herein, we report that a eudicot species, kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus), naturally contains p‐coumaroylated lignin in the core tissues of the stems but not in the bast fibres. Moreover, we identified a novel acyltransferase, HcPMT, that shares <30% amino acid identity with known monocot PMT sequences.

Recombinant HcPMT showed a preference in enzyme assays for p‐coumaroyl‐CoA and benzoyl‐CoA as acyl donor substrates and sinapyl alcohol as an acyl acceptor. Heterologous expression of HcPMT in hybrid poplar trees led to the incorporation of pCA in lignin, but no improvement in the saccharification potential of the wood.

This work illustrates the value in mining diverse plant taxa for new monolignol acyltransferases. Furthermore, the occurrence of pCA outside monocot lineages may represent another example of convergent evolution in lignin structure. This discovery expands textbook views on cell wall biochemistry and provides a new molecular tool for engineering the lignin of biomass feedstock plants.
A Novel Technique for the Treatment of Inferior Pole Fractures of the Patella: A Preliminary Report
Authors: Gao Zhixiang , Long Nengji , Yao Kai , Cai Peng , Dai Yixin , Yu Wei , Xiao Cong
Published: October 2022

Objective

Most inferior pole fractures of the patella are comminuted. Therefore, an ideal treatment method has not been determined. We have presented a modified tension band fixation technique—the Krachow suturing, Nice knot combined with tension band fixation—and reported the results of the procedure.

Methods

A total of 16 inferior patellar pole fractures were treated at our institution between January 2019 and October 2020, 15 of which underwent treatment with the modified tension band fixation technique consisting of Krachow suturing with Nice knots combined with tension band fixation. The primary measures: knee motion, Bostman score, anterior knee pain, fixation failure.

Results

Bone union occurred at a mean of 9 weeks postoperatively (range: 8–13). There were no cases of postoperative anterior knee pain, refracture of the inferior patellar pole or wire breakage. The patients regained full ROM of the knee joint without functional deficits during follow‐up; the mean ROM was 128.46° ± 7.07° (range: 113.4°–137.8°). At the last follow‐up, all patients had a mean Bostman score of 28.40 ± 1.29 (range: 26–30), with an excellent score in 11 patients and a good score in four patients.

Conclusion

The modified tension band fixation technique for the treatment of inferior patellar pole fractures is a simple and easy‐to‐perform surgical technique that provides stable fixation and good functional results.
Time‐ordering japonica/geng genomes analysis indicates the importance of large structural variants in rice breeding
Authors: Wang Yu , Li Fengcheng , Zhang Fan , Wu Lian , Xu Na , Sun Qi , Chen Hao , Yu Zhiwen , Lu Jiahao , Jiang Kai , Wang Xiaoche , Wen Siyu , Zhou Yao , Zhao Hui , Jiang Qian , Wang Jiahong , Jia Ruizong , Sun Jian , Tang Liang , Xu Hai , Hu Wei , Xu Zhengjin , Chen Wenfu , Guo Anping , Xu Quan
Published: October 2022

Temperate japonica/geng (GJ) rice yield has significantly improved due to intensive breeding efforts, dramatically enhancing global food security. However, little is known about the underlying genomic structural variations (SVs) responsible for this improvement. We compared 58 long‐read assemblies comprising cultivated and wild rice species in the present study, revealing 156 319 SVs. The phylogenomic analysis based on the SV dataset detected the putatively selected region of GJ sub‐populations. A significant portion of the detected SVs overlapped with genic regions were found to influence the expression of involved genes inside GJ assemblies. Integrating the SVs and causal genetic variants underlying agronomic traits into the analysis enables the precise identification of breeding signatures resulting from complex breeding histories aimed at stress tolerance, yield potential and quality improvement. Further, the results demonstrated genomic and genetic evidence that the SV in the promoter of LTG1 is accounting for chilling sensitivity, and the increased copy numbers of GNP1 were associated with positive effects on grain number. In summary, the current study provides genomic resources for retracing the properties of SVs‐shaped agronomic traits during previous breeding procedures, which will assist future genetic, genomic and breeding research on rice.
Allergens elicit upregulated IL‐18 and IL‐18Rα expression in blood monocytes of patients with allergic rhinitis
Authors: Wang Junling , Gu Fangqiu , Li Zhi , Zhan Mengmeng , Wang Ling , Zhang Huiyun , Chen Dong , Xie Hua , Chai Ruonan , Zhao Nan , Yang Ruiming , He Shaoheng
Published: October 2022

Interleukin (IL)‐18 is a potentially important molecule in allergic rhinitis (AR). However, expressions of IL‐18, IL‐18 binding protein isoform a (IL‐18BPa) and IL‐18 receptor alpha (IL‐18Rα) in AR blood monocytes remain obscure. We, therefore, investigated IL‐18, IL‐18BPa and IL‐18Rα expressions in monocytes using flow cytometry, murine AR model and quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The results showed that the numbers of IL‐18+ monocytes increased, whereas IL‐18BPa+ monocytes decreased in the peripheral blood of AR patients. It was also observed that Platanus pollen extract provoked elevated expressions of IL‐18 and IL‐18Rα in the monocytes of AR patients. House dust mite extract, Artemisia sieversiana wild extract and Platanus pollen extract enhanced IL‐18Rα protein and mRNA expression in the isolated primary monocytes from AR patients. Using ELISA kits, we observed that the levels of total IL‐18 and free IL‐18 in the plasma of perennial AR (pAR) and seasonal AR (sAR) patients were elevated, and the molar concentration ratio of free IL‐18BPa/free IL‐18 was 16.5 for healthy control subjects and 9.7 for patients with sAR, indicating that IL‐18 likely plays a role in sAR. In the murine AR model, the number of IL‐18Rα+ monocytes increased in the blood, and the number of IL‐18Rα+ macrophages increased in the nasal lavage fluid of WT mice. In conclusion, IL‐18 may serve as a causative factor for AR.
PlantRNA 2.0: an updated database dedicated to tRNAs of photosynthetic eukaryotes
Authors: Cognat Valérie , Pawlak Gael , Pflieger David , Drouard Laurence
Published: October 2022

PlantRNA (http://plantrna.ibmp.cnrs.fr/) is a comprehensive database of transfer RNA (tRNA) gene sequences retrieved from fully annotated nuclear, plastidial and mitochondrial genomes of photosynthetic organisms. In the first release (PlantRNA 1.0), tRNA genes from 11 organisms were annotated. In this second version, the annotation was implemented to 51 photosynthetic species covering the whole phylogenetic tree of photosynthetic organisms, from the most basal group of Archeplastida, the glaucophyte Cyanophora paradoxa, to various land plants. tRNA genes from lower photosynthetic organisms such as streptophyte algae or lycophytes as well as extremophile photosynthetic species such as Eutrema parvulum were incorporated in the database. As a whole, about 37 000 tRNA genes were accurately annotated. In the frame of the tRNA genes annotation from the genome of the Rhodophyte Chondrus crispus, non‐canonical splicing sites in the D‐ or T‐regions of tRNA molecules were identified and experimentally validated. As for PlantRNA 1.0, comprehensive biological information including 5′‐ and 3′‐flanking sequences, A and B box sequences, region of transcription initiation and poly(T) transcription termination stretches, tRNA intron sequences and tRNA mitochondrial import are included.
ISOLATION, IDENTIFICATION AND USE OF STRAINS OF BACTERIA OF THE GENUS BACILLUS IN A MICROBIOLOGICAL TEST FOR THE DETERMINATION OF ANTIBIOTICS IN MILK
Authors: Aktayeva S. , Kiribayeva A. , Makasheva D. , Astrakhanov M. , Tursunbekova A. , Baltin K. , Khassenov B.
Published: October 2022

The use of antibiotics in the treatment of livestock has increased the productivity of the meat and dairy industry. The flip side of the effectiveness of drugs of this group is the presence of side effects, which have caused concern about the widespread use of antibiotics and cause the need to control the residual content of antibacterial agents in dairy products. From soil samples collected in 7 regions of Kazakhstan, 14 microbial isolates were isolated and identified as B. licheniformis, B. sonorensis, B. cereus, B. simplex, B. thuringiensis, B. pumilis, B. mojavensis, B. subtilis, B. atrophaeus, B. paralicheniformis. Sensitivity testing of the isolated strains showed that the strains were susceptible to 13 antibiotics belonging to lincosamide, ansamycin, quinolone, macrolide, fluoroquinolone, tetracycline, nitrobenzene, aminoglycoside, glycopeptide and beta-lactam antibiotics. The proteolytic strain Bacillus licheniformis T7 seems promising as a test culture. It is highly sensitive to antibiotics, grows rapidly on a variety of nutrient media, is alkaline and spore-forming and can be cultured at 37-55°C. The peculiarity of the strain to change the pH of the medium from 5.0 to 7.0 and above makes it possible to use bromcresol purple as a growth-detecting dye. This has been shown in experiments using antibiotic milk samples on LB agar and LB broth pH 5.0. In the absence of growth-inhibiting antibiotics, the culture of B. licheniformis T7 grows vigorously, which causes a pH shift to 7.99 and causes the color of bromocresol purple to change from yellow to purple. The results showed promise for the strain Bacillus licheniformis T7 to be used as a bacterial culture in the development of a microbiological test for the detection of antibiotics in milk.
A Simulation Study on the Effect of Layer Thickness Variation in Selective Laser Melting
Authors: Ramesh Sagar Vaishak , Lorin Samuel , Wärmefjord Kristina , Söderberg Rikard
Published: October 2022

Selective laser melting (SLM) has gained prominence in the manufacturing industry for its ability to produce lightweight components. As the raw material used is in powder form, the stochastic nature of the powder distribution influences the powder layer thickness and affects the final build quality. In this paper, a multi-layer multi-track simulation study is conducted to investigate the effect of stochastic powder distribution on the layer thickness and plastic strain in a printed geometry. A faster simulation approach is employed to simulate multiple layers. First, the powder distribution and the melt layer thickness of the first layer are obtained from discrete element method (DEM) and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations respectively. Next, the melt layer thickness of the first layer is used as an input to the finite element (FE) based structural mechanics solver to predict the deformation and layer thickness of subsequent layers. Two nominal layer thicknesses 67.4 μm and 20 μm were considered. Two particle size distribution (PSD) configurations and two scanning strategies were tested. The results showed that variation in PSD and scanning strategy leads to variation in layer thickness which in turn leads to variation in the plastic strain that is known to drive the deformation. However, the nominal layer thickness of 20 μm was found to be less influenced by the PSD configuration. The proposed simulation approach and the insights achieved can be used as inputs in the part-scale simulations for geometric robustness evaluation in the early design stages of SLM products.
Investigation of Surge in a Transonic Centrifugal Compressor With Vaned Diffuser: Part II—Correlation With Subcomponent Characteristics
Authors: Lou Fangyuan , Harrison Herbert M. , Brown William J. , Key Nicole L.
Published: October 2022

In the first part of the paper, surge signatures and the underlying mechanisms thereof for a high-speed centrifugal compressor were investigated using signals from fast-response transducers installed along the flow path. The compressor surge signature is observed to vary as the impeller inlet tip flow transitions from subsonic to supersonic conditions. Spike-type deep surge is observed at subsonic and supersonic impeller inlet tip conditions while modal-type mild surge occurs at 90% speed with transonic inlet tip conditions. In Part II of the paper, a detailed analysis of the static pressure rise characteristics at the stage, component, and subcomponent levels is conducted. Additionally, the influence of the impeller inlet conditions on the instability is also considered. A connection between the surge mechanism and component static pressure rise characteristics is shown which exhibits the potential for prediction of the stall inception mechanism including identification of the destabilizing component. Furthermore, the transition from subsonic to transonic impeller inlet conditions is shown to be the cause of the unique mild surge instability at 90% speed. Lastly, both experimental and computational results are utilized to investigate the development of a shock wave at the impeller leading edge. The shock is considered to be critical to stage stability at speeds where the compressor experiences transonic inlet conditions.
Experimental Investigation of Flame-Film Cooling Interactions With an Academic Test Rig and Optical Laser Diagnostics
Authors: Petit Sylvain , Quevreux Benjamin , Morin Romain , Guillot Romain , Grisch Frédéric , Xavier Pradip
Published: October 2022

The development of lighter low-carbon technologies in the aviation sector raises a technological challenge regarding material durability and wall thermal management. This study aims to introduce a new optically accessible test rig to investigate the interaction between a premixed CH4/air turbulent flame and a parietal cooling air film for various blowing ratios. Laser Doppler anemometry (LDA) is implemented to measure the cooling air and the mainstream inflow conditions. The impact of the blowing ratio on the mean flame topology is conducted with OH* chemiluminescence. Results show that the flame-wall distance increases with the blowing ratio and eventually reach a plateau, while the flame length constantly decreases. OH planar laser-induced fluorescence (OH-PLIF) and phosphor thermometry (PT) are performed to assess the near-wall flame structure and the cooling effectiveness. The flame seems to be aerodynamically controlled while the cooled-air momentum has a beneficial impact on the wall temperature.