bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Novel DNA Classification Experiment: Spatial Transcriptomics analysis for human Monkeypox DNA-Motifs with Kolmogorov–Arnold Networks
Authors: Yazar Selçuk
Published: December 2024

Spatial Transcriptomics(ST) has emerged as a powerful tool for understanding gene expression patterns across different regions of a tissue or organism. It is crucial for disease research and developing new therapies. It allows for the measurement of gene expression across specific, localized areas of a tissue slide, though it does so with limited throughput. Yet, the data produced by ST technologies are characteristically noisy, high-dimensional, sparse, and multi-modal, encompassing elements like histological images and count matrices. Existing methods for analyzing ST data, which often rely on traditional statistical or machine learning techniques, have proven inadequate in many cases due to challenges like scale, multi-modality, and the inherent limitations of spatially-resolved data, including spatial resolution, sensitivity, and gene coverage. To address these specific challenges, researchers have turned to deep learning-based models. In this study, we present a novel approach to transcriptomics analysis using Kolmogorov-Arnold Networks (KANs), a state-of-the-art deep learning model to predict regional origin of monkeypox transcriptomic sample. By leveraging the ability of KANs to learn and represent complex, non-linear functions, we aim to uncover intricate spatial patterns of gene expression and gain insights into the underlying biological processes. Study’s analysis focuses on two distinct regions, America and Asia, and employs a KAN-based classifier. The results demonstrate the promising performance of KANs in this context, with a precision of 0.45 and a recall of 0.93 for the America region, indicating a strong ability to correctly identify samples from this region. Findings indicate that predicting the regional transcriptome of monkeypox from DNA motifs could facilitate image-based screening for phylogenetic analyses.
Experimental research of the influence of fiber laser machining parameters on HAZ width in AISI 4140 steels
Authors: Adin Mehmet Şükrü
Published: December 2024

In present day, laser beam machining technology attracts great attention due to its cost-effectiveness, high machining quality, mass manufacturing velocity and broad areas of applicability throughout different manufacturing industries. However, intensive researches are required since many materials with different properties (chemical and mechanical) are used in the manufacturing industries; and there is need for high quality machining through newly developed laser technologies. In this context, in this experimental research, unlike most studies in the literature, an investigation was carried out on heat affected zone (HAZ) occurring in AISI 4140 steel machined by laser beam in different cutting geometries (triangle, square and circle cutting). In the present study, when the average HAZ widths calculated according to the laser cutting geometries were examined, it was understood that the highest average HAZ width (579 μm) was obtained in the triangle cutting geometry and the lowest average HAZ width (369 μm) was obtained in the circle cutting geometry. What is more, when the average HAZ widths obtained according to laser cutting geometries were compared, it was observed that the average HAZ widths of the specimens cut in triangle geometry were 31.61% and 56.93% larger than the specimens cut in square and circle cutting geometries, respectively. Furthermore, it was found that as the laser power increased, the HAZ widths were negatively affected (i.e., HAZ widths increased), but as the cutting speed increased, the HAZ widths were positively affected (i.e., HAZ widths decreased). From the ANOVA analyses, it was found that the cutting geometry (with a rate of 51.32%) was the most pivotal parameter influencing the HAZ width. When the regression analysis results (based on quadratic regression models) were checked, it was understood that R2 value had a very high rate (96.79%) as desired. Thus, from these results, it was understood that the model developed to predict the HAZ width values has a high success rate and reliability.
Advancements in Nanotechnology for Enhanced Food Safety and Hygiene: Pathogen Detection, Smart Packaging, and Preservation Applications
Authors: Awlqadr Farhang Hameed , Altemimi Ammar B. , AlKaisy Qausar Hamed , Qadir Syamand Ahmed , Faraj Aryan Mahmood , H.Slih Tablo Azad , H. Tlay Rawaa , Abd El-Maksoud Tarek Gamal Mohamed , Cacciola Franscesco
Published: December 2024

Nanotechnology is redefining food safety and hygiene, providing innovative tools to address global challenges. This review delves into the advancements in pathogen detection, smart packaging, and food preservation enabled by nanotechnology. Nanoparticle-based sensors have revolutionized the rapid identification of contaminants like Escherichia coli, Salmonella, and Listeria, offering higher sensitivity and specificity compared to traditional methods. Smart packaging systems equipped with nanomaterials provide real-time contamination alerts and extend shelf life by enhancing barrier and antimicrobial properties. Nanoparticles, such as silver and zinc oxide, are increasingly used in packaging to inhibit microbial growth effectively. Additionally, nanoencapsulation techniques protect bioactive compounds, such as antioxidants and antimicrobials, ensuring their stability and controlled release, which enhances food quality and safety. The emergence of biodegradable nanocomposites and edible films offers eco-friendly packaging alternatives, addressing environmental concerns while maintaining food integrity. Despite these advancements, the high reactivity and small size of nanoparticles raise safety and regulatory challenges, necessitating comprehensive risk assessments and robust frameworks to ensure consumer and environmental protection. This review also explores the potential of utilizing biowaste for green synthesis of nanoparticles, which could further reduce environmental impact. By integrating cutting-edge detection methods, improving packaging solutions, and addressing safety and sustainability challenges, nanotechnology has the potential to transform food safety and hygiene practices. Future research should focus on advancing nanosensor sensitivity, developing sustainable materials, and fostering consumer trust through transparency and education, ensuring a safer and more sustainable food supply chain.
Socio-Economic Model Development for Adaptation and Mitigation Strategy to Climate Change through ICT Implementation
Authors: Legowo Mercurius Broto , Sorongan Fangky Antoneus , Pardede Iolina Evie , Haron Rosmawati , Ismail Noorashikin
Published: December 2024

The Southeast Asia region, including Indonesia and Malaysia, is an area that is still vulnerable to the impacts of climate change. The phenomenon of climate change is rapidly becoming an issue whose impact is being felt in wider society today. Adaptation and mitigation strategies for climate change, developing socio-economic models, and ICT implementation are the main issues that need to be studied in this research. However, appropriate and practical strategies for climate change adaptation and mitigation are still very complicated problems when linked to the development of socio-economic models and the implementation of ICT. This research aims to empirically test the influence of socio-economic model development on climate change adaptation and mitigation strategy through ICT implementation. This empirical study used a quantitative approach, and it was supported by several kinds of data sources, including online surveys and data from literature reviews. Statistical processing of empirical data using smartPLS software. The main research findings reveal that ICT implementation has a significant role in mediating the influence of socio-economic model development on adaptation and mitigation strategy for climate change. However, other findings further reveal that ICT implementation is not purely moderate but has the potential to strengthen the influence of socio-economic model development on adaptation and mitigation strategies for climate change. The research findings will significantly contribute to stakeholders and related parties involved in climate change issues at the national and international levels, especially in improving adaptation and mitigation strategies to climate change based on socio-economic model development through ICT implementation.
Nurses' Metaphorical Perceptions About Their Managers: A mixed-method research
Authors: Altuntaş Serap , Korkmaz Ayşe Çiçek , Kuleyin Bahar
Published: December 2024

Background: Research in literature have examined the leadership styles of nurse managers. However, no qualitative study based on metaphors could be found to determine the perceptions of nurses regarding their managers in depth and without limitations where they could freely express their opinions. The purpose of this study is to determine the perceptions of nurses regarding their nurse managers with the help of metaphors.
Methods: This study used a mixed methods approach to including both quantitative and qualitative research methods. This study was conducted in a total of 118 nurses between August and November 2022. The data were collected  as  online by the researchers through personal information form and an questionnaire including a semi-structured open-ended form.  In the first part of the questionnaire, questions about socio-demographic characteristics were included, and in the second part, the sentence "My nurse manager is like…, because…" was included to determine the metaphors developed by the nurses about their nurse managers. The nurses’ answers to this question were analyzed with content analysis.
Results: The metaphors formed by the participants regarding their nurse managers were gathered under 1 positive theme and 1 negative theme covering 20 categories (13 positive categories and 7 negative categories). In the study, 94 different metaphors were identified, and 53 of these were positive metaphors, while 41 were negative metaphors. In the positive sense, the participants perceived their managers as trustworthy, supportive family members, individuals who restore/coordinate, individuals who protect/defend, hardworking, source of happiness, just/fair, source of power, source of support, problem-solver, nutrition, source of knowledge, and guiding. In the negative sense, the participants perceived their managers as harming/harmful, passive, unstable/inconsistent, coercive/oppressive, opportunistic, useless, and biased.
Conclusion: The results of this study showed that most nurses perceived their managers positively.
Presenteeism In Case of A Disease Or Illness And Its Relationship With Anxiety And Depression Amongst Doctors In A Tertiary Care Hospital In Karachi, Pakistan: A cross sectional study
Authors: Lal Chooni , Adil Tooba , Siddiqui Javeria Arif , Aamar Humna , Naqvi Syed Abdul Basit , Abdi Ikran , Hassan Marium , Hassan Afrah , Ihsan Tayyaba , Wiquar Fatima
Published: December 2024

Introduction: Presenteeism refers to a common practice of working while sick, working longer hours than required and attending calls outside of work hours. This can have a negative impact on physical, emotional, and psychological well-being of the employees, causing lack of productivity. Occupations whose everyday work includes providing treatment, care, and welfare services such as doctors, nurses and other healthcare professionals tend to have a greater risk of presenteeism. Previous studies have shown an association between presenteeism and the occurrence of mental illnesses such as anxiety and depression.
Objective: The main objective of our study was to investigate the correlation between presenteeism and the prevalence of anxiety and depression amongst doctors working at Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Centre and to analyse its projected influence on the healthcare system.
Methodology: A cross-sectional study was conducted through a questionnaire, which was administered to medical doctors of Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Centre (JPMC), Karachi Pakistan (n=278) in May, June, and July 2023. After this, a Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) chart was administered to measure prevalence of anxiety and depression.
Results: In our study, 278 medical doctors participated, 73.0% (n=203) were female and 27.0% (n=75) were male. 85.6% (n=238) of the participants reported to have worked while they were sick in the past 12 months, and only 14.4% (n=40) reported never. Applying the HADS scale, 36.3% (n=101) were identified as abnormal cases of anxiety and 43.5% (n=121) were reported to be abnormal cases of depression.
Conclusion: Presenteeism may be commonplace in the medical field, but considering its association with anxiety and depression, it may lead to higher rates of job burnout, decreased productivity, and error. Increasing awareness about this issue could influence future policies regarding sick leave and the stigma surrounding it, whilst helping reduce the economic and productivity losses caused by presenteeism.
Schriftexegese als Voraussetzung für Emil Brunners frühe dialektischen Soteriologie anhand des Beispieltexts Lk 15,11–32
Authors: STEINER Fabienne
Published: December 2024

Dialectical Soteriology using the example of Lk 15:11–32. In my article, I would like to show Emil Brunner’s early thoughts and statements, which he reveals in his sermons in Obstalden. These sermons are still unknown and unpublished. It is mostly claimed that Brunner entered in a modern and dialectical phase because of his colleague in the Reformed Church, Karl Barth. The truth is that they later had intense discussions about theses and antitheses in their dialectic phase. Brunner, however, formulates new dialectical thoughts earlier than Barth – for example, already in 1917 on dialectical soteriology by using the text of Lk 15:11–32. In his sermons, he reflects several arguments of modern theology and defines, for example, God as thesis, lost person as antithesis, and saved person as synthesis. A detailed exegesis leads in the resolution of what follows from an encounter with God, namely being at home in safety.
Református női sors és nőkérdés a 20. század első felében. II. rész. Victor Gabriella női vonatkozású művei
Authors: ACKERMANNÉ KELŐ Kamilla
Published: December 2024

Calvinist Women’s Fate and Women’s Issues in the First Half of the 20th Century. Part II.
Victor Gabriella’s studies and literary works related to women
The purpose of the research is to present the scientific and religious foundations of Gabriella Victor’s pedagogy. The name of the Victor family is inseparable from the cause of the reformist revival and the internal mission. Gabriella Victor (1891–1971) is the first teacher of the Reformed Teacher Training School in Kecskemét, Head of Lórántffy Zsuzsanna Association. She published a number of articles, children’s Bible, juvenile novels, and informative books for parents and teachers alike. She was the Doctor of Philosophy (1917) and Theology (1950). The main topics of her scientific work are women’s education, Christian family education, and school religious education. In this study, we present the activities of the Victor family in the internal mission, Gabriella Victor’s opinion on women’s issues, and her views on the characteristics of the female psyche.
Lehet-e vasárnap vadászni? Szabályok vasárnapra
Authors: KOVÁCS Teofil
Published: December 2024

Is Hunting allowed on Sundays? Rules for the Seventh Day. The present study is part of a longer research project which aims at presenting the international movement for the sanctification of Sunday between 1875 and 1878 in the light of the periodical Evangyéliomi Protestáns Lap (EPL), founded and edited between 1875 and 1878 by Ferenc Balogh (1836–1913), a Reformed church and dogmatic historian and professor of church history in Debrecen, supplemented by domestic news from the periodicals Protestáns Egyházi és Iskolai Lap (PEIL) and Erdélyi Protestáns Közlöny (EPL). Church associations, tenders, religious and secular newsletters, publications and conferences played a major role in the international struggle for a Sunday off. This is how the International Sunday Movement came into being. The professor from Debrecen also supported it and kept the issue of Sunday celebration on the agenda with his Evangyéliomi Protestáns Lap. The issue was not only examined from an ecclesiastical point of view at the time, but its social and health implications were also pointed out. The issue of Sunday rest was of great interest. The problem is not a recent one, but the transformation of economic life has brought the issue to the fore more strongly. Most of the problematic Sunday working has come from the railways, industry, and commerce, with little mention of agriculture.
In this paper, we examine what church life was like on Sundays, what kinds of work and activities were banned by church and piety movements at home and abroad, and what role was played by the example and personal responsibility of the leading classes. Attention is drawn to specific phenomena that seem contradictory to people today such as the fact that hunting was forbidden on Sundays, but not horse riding and exhibitions. We will show how the time of worship was protected, how Sunday trips, excursions, visits to museums, galleries, and public gardens were judged, and what the movement expected of the state. What were the practical consequences of Sunday drinking and what were the counter-effects of Sunday bans.
„Vérnek mezeje ma az Istennek Anyaszentegyháza a mi édes nemzetünkben.”
Authors: RESTÁS Attila
Published: December 2024

“The Lord’s Holy Church Is a Field of Blood Today in Our Beloved Nation.” Protestant Martyrdom in a Manuscript Sermon from the Teleki Archives (1675). The sermon under scrutiny is found in the archival material of the Count Teleki of Szék family (P 658), kept in the National Archives of Hungary. It is not unknown to research, although it has mainly gained interest before as a source for the history of books and libraries. The 13 manuscript pages contain the date 1675 and the name of István Nemes, as well as reference to the Reformed College of Enyed/Aiud, but the author of the sermon is unidentified. The Biblical text used is the Song of Songs 2:2, and the topic is Protestant martyrdom. Similarly to other books of Protestant martyrdom (Foxe, Raabus, Crespin), it traces the persecution of the true Church from the Old Testament fratricide to his own time. It starts with the murder of Abel, going through the Egyptian captivity of the Jews, recalling the story of the prophets murdered by Jezebel, and the persecution of Christians under the Roman Empire, ultimately leading to the sacrifice of Christ. This list appears in a similar way with other authors of this decade of mourning too (Mihály Szőllősi, István Szőnyi Nagy); what is more, Szőllősi was Teleki’s court pastor until 1674. The sermon connects the pain felt over the trial of the pastors and teachers condemned to the galleys, the fleeing of the Reformed College of Sárospatak, the seizure of Protestant churches, and the expulsion of several pastors with the grievances of “our beloved nation”. Through this, the sermon is also a document of the political connections of the Transylvanian Reformed elite and the fugitives in Hungary, as well as the piety movements that underlie these connections.
The Psychological Interpretation of the Grieving Process
Authors: KIRÁLY Lajos
Published: December 2024

This paper presents the psychological interpretations of the grieving process and examines how professionals from Sigmund Freud, Melanie Klein, Erich Lindenmann, Gerard Caplan, Alaine Polcz, and Emőke Bagdy through Erwin Ringel to Sara Bodó have interpreted grief. We find that all of them include in their definitions the concept of loss, which is “a reaction to the loss of a loved one or an abstraction that has taken place”. We then examine the differences between male and female grief, the ambivalent feelings associated with the fact of death, and the family dynamics that all testify to the family as the primary support when experiencing grief, pain,[1] and loss. In what follows, I will write about the linear stages of the grieving process: anticipation, shock, controlled and awareness stages, along with stages of uprising emotions, search and separation, and adaptation.
 
[1]    There are two types of pain in the literature: phasic pain and tonic pain, which are mediated by separate neural pathways in the brain. Melzak, Ronald (1990): The Tragedy of Needless Pain. In: Scientific American. 262, 2. 27–33.
A víziók szerepe a változás folyamatában és az élet re-víziója
Authors: SIBA Balázs
Published: December 2024

The Role of Visions in the Process of Change and Re-visioning Life. A vision is a possible imagined version of our future. In this essay, we look more generally at the role of hope and vision in our personal change and address the particular path to change that Christianity offers. Human life needs a structured set of goals, where smaller, short-term goals (micro-visions) and larger, long-term goals (big visions) are interlinked. Micro-vision motivates us on a daily basis, while big vision gives our lives long-term direction and meaning. Being able to find the big goals does not only prioritize the smaller ones, the projects of our lives but can also give us a sense of flexibility to let go of the tensions of everyday life, because we can see beyond the days, weeks, years and see the significance of the present in terms of the big picture. The vision of a possible and desired future can give us the strength to withstand the tensions of the present.
Illuminating the Territorial Principle In Islamic Criminal Law: An in-Depth Investigation Into Enforcing Islamic Penalties for Non-Muslims
Authors: Haq Islamul , Waeduereh Mustafakama , Suci Purnama , Resi Resi
Published: December 2024

This article presents a comprehensive analysis of the Territorial Principle in Islamic Criminal Law, focusing on enforcing Islamic punishments for non-Muslims. The research delves into controversies surrounding the extent to which the jurisdiction of Islamic law is applied in specific regions, particularly concerning the treatment of non-Muslim individuals under the governance of an Islamic state. This literature review will explore reading materials related to the territorial principle and its application in Islamic criminal law concerning non-Muslims. The findings of this research reveal that the theories presented by Imam Abu Hanifah and Abu Yusuf in the Hanafi school of thought offer distinct perspectives on the territorial application of Islamic criminal law. Imam Abu Hanifah asserts that the full implementation of Islamic criminal law is confined to Muslim territories, with punishments applicable to both Muslim and non-Muslim individuals within these boundaries. However, outside these territories, he argues that Islamic law is not obligatory, emphasizing the role of the imam's authority. Meanwhile, the perspectives of Imam Malik, asy-Syafi'i, and Imam Ahmad propose a universal application of Islamic law, emphasizing the legal subject's responsibility rather than geographical boundaries, thereby prohibiting Muslims from committing legal violations anywhere
Kontekstualisasi Ayat Pidana Pencurian Dalam Hukum Positif Indonesia
Authors: Candra Marli , Najib M. Ainun , Najib M. Ainun
Published: December 2024

Hukum Pidana Islam telah banyak ditinggalkan dalam praktiknya. Hukum pidana Islam diasumsikan sebagai aturan hukum yang sudah tidak sesuai dengan prkembangan zaman. Padahal pada perjalanan pembaruan hukum, para pemikir Islam banyak mempengaruhi perkembangan sistem hukum di dunia, di antaranya terkait tindak pidana pencurian. Untuk menjawab asumsi di atas, diperlukan kontekstualisasi terhadap hukum pidana Islam untuk menjelaskan bahwa hukum Pidana Islam dapat mengikuti perkembangan zaman. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian hukum normatif dengan pendekatan konseptual dan komparatif yang berusaha membandingkan pidana pencurian dalam hukum pidana Islam, hukum positif Indonesia. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah dari kedua hukum di atas memiliki substansi yang sama, yakni melemahkan pelaku pencurian, hanya saja bentuk pidananya yang berbeda. Hal ini merupakan keniscayaan karena pesatnya perkembangan zaman.
The Concept Of Islamic Identity And Its Importance For Muslim Youth
Authors: Gaya Shahbaz , Ahmad Nadzrah
Published: December 2024

Muslim youth face a variety of threats in preserving and developing their Islamic identity. The most significant threats include peer pressure, assimilation, materialism, corrupt desires, religious doubt, loss of religion in society, and Islamophobia. This study aims to derive the main components of an Islamic identity from the Qur’ān towards the development and preservation of Muslim youth. An inductive approach was used to analyse the Qur’ān in search of marking the significant characteristics of the Islamic Identity. It was found that the Islamic identity is defined by its salient characteristics of a fundamental belief system, a united link to a global ummah, and an encompassing nature, making it inherently influential in all aspects of a Muslim’s private and public life. These components deal specifically with the major threats faced by Muslim youth in preserving their Islamic identity. It was also found that the Islamic identity serves as an anchor in establishing and preserving the faith of young Muslims. Finally, if this identity is not preserved it may lead to consequences such as the corruption of faith and creed and engagement in oppression and sin. It is through identifying, understanding, and developing the Islamic identity, that Muslim youth can successfully preserve their faith, even during the most challenging of times.
Application of Zakat on Deposits in Bank: An Analytical Study Based on Islamic Law
Authors: Sadat Anwar , Karimuddin Karimuddin , Sagita Fatri
Published: December 2024

According to Islamic law, this article examines the concept of zakat on bank savings, focusing on how zakat is applied to savings. The objective is to provide a comprehensive overview of Islamic legal perspectives on zakat for savings and the interest earned from bank deposits. The goal is to clarify the requirements and conditions under which Zakat should be paid and to present a detailed analysis of these financial matters. The study employs the Ushul Fiqh methodology, utilizing comparative techniques through literature reviews and analyzing current societal trends. This approach allows for a thorough examination of both classical Islamic jurisprudence and contemporary interpretations. Data collection involved reviewing existing literature and observing societal phenomena to understand how Islamic law is applied to savings and interest in modern banking. The findings indicate that zakat must be paid on bank savings if they meet the criteria established in zakat regulations. Regarding interest earned on savings, the study notes that zakat should be paid according to the views of scholars who permit accepting interest. This comprehensive analysis provides valuable insights into the obligations of zakat on savings and interest, offering guidance for Muslims seeking to adhere to Islamic law in their financial practices.
Law Enforcement of Paper Rupiah Mutilation Practice from the Perspective of Law Number 7 of 2011 Concerning Currency and Jarimah Ta’zir
Authors: Al Munawar Faishal Agil , Wiria Tarita Yuanggi Nur
Published: December 2024

The practice of mutilating paper currency notes is very dangerous. This practice not only damages the currency, but also attempts to counterfeit it. The emergence of this practice not only shakes economic stability, but also reflects the weakness of law enforcement. Law enforcement against this practice is still relatively weak. This research is an empirical juridical legal research with a legal sociology approach. Data sources consist of primary data and secondary data. The data collection method uses direct interviews, documentation, and literature study. The purpose of the research is to find out the law enforcement on the practice of mutilation of paper rupiah bills carried out by the Representative Office of Bank Indonesia Malang, as well as a review of the Currency Law and Islamic law, namely jarimah ta’zir. The results showed that the Representative Office of Bank Indonesia Malang is always proactive and aggressively conducts education, socialization, appeals, and cooperates with other law enforcement agencies. This practice according to Law Number 7 of 2011 concerning Currency has violated several articles, namely Article 25 Paragraph 1, Article 26 Paragraph 1, Article 35 Paragraph 1, Article 36 Paragraph 1, Article 38 paragraphs 1 and 2, Article 40 Paragraph 1, and Article 41 Paragraph 2 and if according to jarimah ta’zir, the Indonesian government applies ta’zir punishment in the form of imprisonment, fines, and additional punishment of revocation of business licenses or deprivation of certain goods.
Improving Compliance towards International Humanitarian Law: Filling in the Gaps?
Authors: Hamidah Fitry Nabiilah , Muhammadin Fajri Matahati
Published: December 2024

International humanitarian law (IHL) aims to regulate the conduct of parties during hostilities to mitigate the horrors of war, providing safeguards for civilians through instruments such as the 1949 Geneva Conventions, 1977 Additional Protocols, customary international humanitarian law, and principles of IHL. Despite its comprehensive framework, applicable to both States and non-state armed groups, non-compliance remains a significant challenge, undermining its credibility and effectiveness. This paper analyzes the current compliance mechanisms, identifies gaps and factors influencing compliance, examines the impacts of these gaps, and proposes strategies to enhance the effective implementation and adherence to IHL in both international and non-international armed conflicts. To address gaps in IHL compliance mechanisms, this paper recommends that States establish permanent platforms for regular IHL discussions and provide institutional support to existing mechanisms. It also emphasizes that considering a multidisciplinary approach towards factors influencing compliance, the enhancement of the roles of national red cross and red crescent societies in the dissemination of IHL and non-governmental organizations and international organizations in humanitarian engagement with all parties to the conflict, as well as fostering cultural sensitivity through open and constructive engagements are essential to develop a holistic IHL compliance system.
Crowning Nasser Through Stories of Kings: the Films Wā Islāmāh and An-Nāṣir Salāḥ ad-Dīn
Authors: Negri Andrea Maria
Published: December 2024

This article explores how historical fiction in cinema has been used to disseminate and entrench the myth and aura of Jamāl ʿAbd an-Nāṣir (1918–1970) among Egyptians and the Arab world. I focus on the traits of kings in two films: Wā Islāmāh (1961, Oh Islam) and An-Nāṣir Ṣalāḥ ad-Dīn (1963, The Victorious Saladin). These films project struggles for independence of the time into the past, thus arguably emphasizing the role of the Free Officers’ Revolution in rescuing Egypt from the corrupt and dystopian world of colonization. This portrayal also highlights internal enemies – leaders who legitimized this colonial universe. Within the ethos of the revolution, the relationship between the king, symbolizing the president, and the Egyptian people is depicted through a cinematic portrayal of a personified relationship, embodying the figure of a benevolent father determined to guide the family, i.e., the nation. These films functioned as metaphors for the Egyptian leader, disseminating ideas about the nation, the revolution, and the new socialist relationship between the state and its citizens. In the first film, adapted from Bā Kaṯīr’s novel, this aspect is particularly pronounced, as the adaptation injects leadership ideals into the story, emphasizing specific traits while erasing others.
The mythical fantasy in the contemporary omani women’s novel: A study of three omani works
Authors: Al-Saadi Omer Bin Musabah Bin Jamil
Published: December 2024

Until a very recent time, oral myths and legends have been prominently present in the history of Oman. They became a prominent theme within the Omani literary community, long inspiring its writers and poets to weave a complex tapestry of evocative tales. Such key literary voices include the Omani female novelists, who primarily asserted their ancestral linkage to grandmothers and mothers, showcasing their supremacy and dominance over their male counterparts in exploring mythical fantasy. Notably, the fiction they crafted was enriched with a range of insights, visions, and ideologies borrowed from diverse cultures and civilizations to ensure their passage across generations. The stories they told were often based on dialogue of multiple styles, languages, and voices. Thanks to their amazing talent, they were able to weave such elements into an artistic, literary fabric. This has encouraged the selection of three Omani women’s mythical novels, namely: They Are Not Mentioned in Majaz (2022) by Huda Hamed, Hawra Nizwa (2022) by Fawzia Al-Fahdi, and The Death Party (2009) by Fatma Al-Shidi. This approach will focus on dialogism in the literary and non-literary works of Bakhtin (1895–1975), extracting the mythical texts incorporated by the Omani novelist in her work, as well as, exposing the link between polyphonic narrative, diversity of dialogue, and the conflicting multi-perspective ideologies in the Omani women’s novel. The problem of the study is to seek proper answers to the questions regarding the relationship between reality and myth; the internal and external relationships of dialogue; the types of the narrative voices; the relationship between dialogue and polyphonic narratives through the chronicle; and the depth of the diverse dialogic interaction and the dynamics behind this.
The Linguistic Image of the Body in the Surayt Dialect among Western Assyrians of Ṭūr cAbdīn1
Authors: Abdalla Michael
Published: December 2024

The Tur Abdin dialect has many idiomatic expressions formed in relation to body parts. They serve to express feelings, evaluate manners, underline personal characteristics, describe social interactions and assess the behavior of a person. They can showcase various images of interpersonal contacts with an unlimited temporal scope. The linguistic image of the body which has developed in this language has been researched by only a few specialists. When it comes to the sequences of words that build a metaphor, there is no firm rule; the first word may be a verb or a noun. In many cases it seems that the verb, which is the active element of the saying, is improper, inadequate, not well chosen, because it usually has a different meaning in the formal language. For this work to be transparent, the 177 sayings have been transcribed and translated the way they are understood by speakers (not literally), as well as glossed in detail. All organs of the body that appear in the metaphors, which are thirty, have been listed in a table according to decreasing frequency of usage and in alphabetical order.
Old, Middle and New: The Problem of Language Periodisation in Diachronic Research on Japanese
Authors: Majtczak Tomasz
Published: December 2024

The paper discusses the problem of the periodisation of the Japanese language history, raising both the question of the division into periods itself and the terminological issues as well. The former aspect, that of establishing the time boundaries between periods, is a most basic element of any diachronic description, and yet most historical linguists of Japanese appear to settle for adopting the socio-political periodisation as it comes, which is hardly satisfying or even acceptable in linguistic research. Terminology, on the other hand, can be regarded as purely arbitrary and conventional, as well as language-bound, but certain names of periods – even if this is not fully intended – do suggest a stronger connexion between particular stages of language development. The meta-analysis of the proposals to date, with a focus on any deviations from the socio-political history, leads the author to offer a different periodisation scheme which may serve as a much more effective tool in further diachronic research of Japanese.
Comparing Russian and Ukrainian media frames during the war: A mixed-method semantic network approach
Authors: Sulzhytski Ilya , Matveieva Olga , Navumau Vasil , Khutkyy Dmytro
Published: December 2024

During the 2022–2023 phase of the Russo-Ukrainian war, information flows were intensively framed by both sides, predominantly via various Telegram channels. This article implements a mixed-method semantic network approach to analyse media framing in the context of this conflict, exemplified through a case study of Mariupol and Azovstal siege. Although prior research highlighted contrasting framing patterns in Russian and Ukrainian media, a comprehensive comparative analysis of media frames during the ongoing war still needs to be conducted. Our study addresses this gap by investigating and interpreting the inter-conceptual relationships surrounding the frames within the selected four Russian and Ukrainian Telegram channels. We examine variations in framing among conflicting sides and oppositional media and reveal four issue-specific conflict frames, each depicting diverse representations of the main events, actors, and their roles. Our find-ings contribute to a more nuanced understanding of the conflict’s cultural and ideological background and lay a foundation for further exploration of generic frames in Russian and Ukrainian media.
Verzerrungen in der Forschung – ein Workshop von SRF und SGKM zur Sensibilisierung und Diskussion von Lösungsansätzen
Authors: Oehmer-Pedrazzi Franziska , Staub Martina
Published: December 2024

In der Forschung treten bewusste und unbewusste Verzerrungen bspw. bei der Wahl des Themas, der Methode, der Operationalisierung oder auch der Dateninterpretation auf. Solche Biases entstehen oft durch vorherrschende Trends und Vorgaben einer Wissenschaftsdisziplin oder auch durch gesellschaftliche Normen, Werte und Gewohnheiten, die die Wahrnehmung und Bewertung von Gruppen oder Individuen beeinflussen. Um solche Verzerrungen zu minimieren, ist es wichtig, sich dieser Problematik bewusst zu sein und Methoden zu entwickeln, um sie in Studien zu verhindern, zu identifizieren und zu korrigieren. Im Rahmen eines Workshops setzten sich im Februar 2024 Forschende von SRF (aus den Teams Audience und UX) sowie Mitglieder der SGKM mit Verzerrungen im gesamten Forschungsprozess auseinander. Dabei wurde auch der Einbezug von Bürger:innen in Teile des Forschungsprozesses als Form der Citizen Science diskutiert. Der vorliegende Beitrag fasst die zentralen Erkenntnisse zusammen.
In research, conscious and unconscious biases occur, for example, in the choice of topic, method, operationalization, or data interpretation. Biases often arise from prevailing trends and requirements within a scientific discipline or from societal norms, values, and habits that influence the perception and evaluation of groups or individuals. To minimize such biases, it is important to be aware of this issue and to develop methods to prevent, identify, and correct them in studies. In February 2024, researchers from SRF’s Audience and UX teams, as well as members of the SGKM, addressed biases in the overall research process during a workshop. Among other things, Citizen Science, the involvement of citizens in parts of the research process, was discussed. This article summarizes the key findings.
Selection of Superior Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) by Combined Stability Analysis for Future Breeding Strategies
Authors: Maulana Haris , Widaningsih Nina Agusti , Kusmana  , Jaenudin Usep , Utami Dwinita Wikan , Akhdiya Alina , Handayani Tri , Karjadi Asih Kartasih , Maharijaya Awang , Sobir  , Roostika Ika
Published: December 2024

Potato is one of the main agricultural commodities and has high economic value. Yield is a trait that becomes a benchmark for user (industry and farmers) in selecting and developing varieties. The selection of superior newly potato somaclones using combined analysis and sustainability index (SI) is still underreported. This study aimed to identify the effect of genotype by environment (growing season) interactions (GEIs), as well as to select superior potato somaclones. The research was conducted in three years (2020 ‒ 2022) in Lembang, West Java, Indonesia. There were 38 somaclones tested in the field, consisting of 37 gamma ray-derived somaclones and one control genotype. The somaclones originated from commercial varieties Agria, Granola, Repita, and Vega. The field trial used a randomized block design that was repeated three times in each year. GEIs were calculated based on a combined ANOVA. Yield stability was assessed using the combined analysis (parametric and non-parametric), genotype plus genotype by environment interaction (GGE) biplot, and sustainability index (SI). Potato somaclones (G), seasons (E) and GEIs were found to have highly significant influence on yield (P < 0.01). According to the combined ANOVA, the GEIs impact accounted for 37.38% of the yield’s total sum of squares. Combining parametric and non-parametric measurements, seven somaclones, P3, P4, P5, P6, P8, P9, and P26, were selected. GGE biplot selected five stable somaclones, namely P3, P4, P22, P23, and P26, while SI selected eight high-yielding and stable somaclones, namely P3, P4, P5, P8, P13, P16, P26, and P32. Based on various stability measurements, three genotypes have been identified as the superior somaclones, namely P3, P4 and P26. This analysis can assist in selecting activities to determine superior somaclones.
Impact of scrap dumpsite leachates on African land snails: insights into toxicity, biochemical responses, and reproductive implications
Authors: Abubakar Jimoh Olatunji , Abidemi Oluyemi Ayoola , Olugbenga Ayodele Simeon , Daniel Osayande Unity , Joseph Olarotimi Olumuyiwa
Published: December 2024

This research delved into the intricate physiological responses of African land snails exposed to leachates from metal scrap dumpsites in Ado Ekiti metropolis. Raw leachates were collected from different leachate wells at the two dumpsites, these were used to form concentrations (v/v; leachate: dechlorinated tap water) and offered as drinking water throughout the study. A total of 80 points of lay snails (Archachatina marginata) 160.25 ± 5.84g and 7–8 months were used as test organism to assess the effect of the leachate. The snails were randomly allotted into four treatments, with four replicates and five snails per replicate representing the different leachate sample concentrations i.e T1-0%, T2-33.3%, T3- 66.67% and T4-100%. Results obtained indicated that the sodium, calcium, potassium, chromium, manganese and magnesium values of the leachates were higher than safety limits. The final weight of snails in T3 was significantly (P<0.05) higher than other treatment. The gonadosomatic index of snails in T1 was similar to T3 and T4 but significantly (p<0.05) higher than those on T2. Snails exposed to metal leachates have lower antioxidant activities compared with those on T1. In conclusion, the exposure of snails to higher concentrations of the leachates indicates potential toxicity and a tendency for impairment in reproductive capacity.
Nutrient digestibility, Nitrogen utilization, and growth performance of West African Dwarf (WAD) does fed diets containing wheat offal replaced with Tiger nut seed meal
Authors: Oso Teniola Samuel , Alade Caroline Tosin , Ibhaze Gladys Abiemwense , Faluyi Oyetayo Bolanle
Published: December 2024

The decrease in nutrient digestibility and general performance of ruminant animals has been a persistent challenge during the dry season in Nigeria, and the use of less competitive alternative feed ingredients could be a remedy. Hence, a sixty-three (63)-day study was conducted to evaluate the nutritional potential and growth response of West African Dwarf (WAD) does fed diets containing wheat offal replaced with tiger nut seed meal. Five (5) experimental diets were formulated to contain 0.00, 5.00, 10.00, 15.00, and 20.00% tiger nut seed meal and were thus designated as diets T1, T2, T3, T4, and T5, respectively. Twenty (20) WAD does were randomly assigned to the experimental diets with four (4) replicates per treatment in a completely randomized design (CRD) experiment. Parameters evaluated include the chemical composition of formulated diets and wilted Panicum maximum, nutrient intake, digestibility, nitrogen utilization, and growth response of the does. Significant (p < 0.05) differences were observed in the chemical composition of the diets with the highest dry matter, nitrogen-free extract, and metabolizable energy obtained from diet T4. The highest crude protein content in diet, intake, and digestibility were observed for the does fed diet T3. The results obtained from nitrogen utilization revealed a significant (p < 0.05) difference across all parameters with superior nitrogen intake, balance, and percentage retention for the does feed diet T3. Similarly, the highest weight gain, daily weight gain, total dry matter intake, protein efficiency, and least feed conversion ratio were recorded from does fed diet T3. Conclusively, incorporating tiger nut seed meal as a replacement for wheat offal at 10.00% in WAD does diet has the potential to improve feed digestibility and the general performance of does, thus can be adopted by goat farmers.
Multiple biomarker response (Organ Histology, Serum Biochemistry and Oxidative Status) in Catfish Captured from Ureje River, Nigeria
Authors: Adegoke Agbabiaka Lukman , Abubakar Jimoh Olatunji , Temidayo Daramola Olajumoke , Abidemi Oluyemi Ayoola
Published: December 2024

With rapid urbanisation coupled with the influx of more people to Ado-Ekiti, it is pertinent to assess the effect of human activities on living organisms in Ureje River, the main water body that cuts across Ado-Ekiti. This study examined the effects of environmental pollution on the Ureje River in Ado Ekiti, Nigeria with focus on water quality, heavy metal contamination, and the health of female African catfish. Samples of water were fetched from various fishing spots along the river, and an earthen pond, which served as a control. Blood samples were collected from fish samples farmed from different fishing points, and thereafter slaughtered and organ characteristics and histology assessed.

Fish from Emirin and Erinfun showed lower (p<0.05) weights, indicating impaired growth. Fish had significantly (p<0.05) elevated glucose at Ajebamidele, high total protein at Aduloju, Erinfun and Ajebamidele, and varied cholesterol levels, reflecting metabolic stress. Fish from polluted points had notably higher liver enzymes and alkaline phosphatase coupled with highest oxidative stress, indicating liver damage and stress. Fish from heavily polluted areas had necrosis in gills, liver steatosis, and kidney infiltration. Pollution from industrial, agricultural, and domestic sources significantly degrades the Ureje River ecosystem with negatives impacts on water quality and aquatic organism health