bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
From sociohistory to psychohistory
Authors: Yolles M.I.
Published: June 2007

Purpose

This study seeks to postulate a theory of psychohistory as a “think‐piece”. It develops from some earlier theoretical work on sociohistory that can model cultures that are large‐scale (e.g. societies) over the long term or small scale (e.g. corporations) over the short term. Sociohistory, as developed by Yolles and Frieden, provides a new theory to explore the possibilities of tracking and explaining social and cultural change. It offers entry to the development of a theory of psychohistory that explores the psychological basis for decision making and social action and interaction, and connects with both Jung's propositions on psychological profiling and with the popular Myers‐Briggs instruments of personality testing.

Design/methodology/approach

Sociohistory was developed by coupling three theoretical frameworks: the knowledge cybernetics of Maurice Yolles, the mathematical approach in extreme physical information (EPI) of Roy Frieden, and the sociocultural dynamics of Pitrin Sorokin. Knowledge cybernetics creates the vehicle for the exploration of the sociocultural dynamics that reflects the theoretical structures of Sorokin, and uses EPI as a way of fine tuning one's understanding of the qualitative and quantitative dynamics uncovered. The basic fractal nature of knowledge cybernetics is be used to extend the theory of sociohistory from sociocultural dynamics to psychosocial dynamics. Elaborating on the fractal nature of the approach, an indicative theory of psychohistory is formulated.

Findings

The theoretical basis for sociohistory is outlined and extended from sociocultural to psychosocial dynamics, and it is shown how the methodological approach can then be extended to the development of psychohistory. An agenda for further sociohistorical and psychohistorical research is also developed in this process.

Originality/value

Sociocultural dynamics is extended to the promise of being able to deal with social dynamics within a cultural setting. The postulated theory of psychohistory both explores social dynamics in psychological terms and is linked to the potential for developing a new personality inventory.
Fostering innovation by unlearning tacit knowledge
Authors: Rebernik Miroslav , Širec Karin
Published: June 2007

Purpose

The aim of this paper is to investigate the problems of managing tacit knowledge and the importance of unlearning it. As the main problem of managing tacit knowledge lies in the fact that it escapes observation and measurement, an adequate framework that would make some dimensions of tacit knowledge visible has to be developed.

Design/methodology/approach

On the basis of literature surveys the authors discuss several types of knowledge and issues related to sharing, learning and, most importantly, unlearning obsolete tacit knowledge dimensions.

Findings

To overcome the perpetual elusiveness of tacit knowledge is presented a framework that could help highlight dimensions of tacit knowledge that can be mobilized and observed through the manifestation of different behaviour. It is partly possible to make explicit some dimensions of tacit knowledge that not only contribute to successful sharing and mutual learning, but also enable the identification of those parts of knowledge that hinder innovation and should be unlearned. The better one's understanding of the process of creating and using new knowledge and discarding obsolete knowledge, the more likely it is that organizations will foster innovative behaviour in organizations.

Originality/value

Introduced insight is important in understanding the importance of the distinctive requirements of knowledge management related to managing tacit dimensions. In the turbulent and ever‐changing business environment, tacit knowledge dimensions grow obsolete very rapidly and hinder innovation processes, so ways of un‐learning this obsolete knowledge have to be found.
From management science to sociology
Authors: Stokes Paul A.
Published: June 2007

Purpose

This paper seeks to argue that sociology is in need of reconstruction on a theoretical and conceptual foundation of cybernetics, specifically, managerial cybernetics and to show how this hitherto unsuccessful task might be brought about.

Design/methodology/approach

The approach is one of a rigorous and deep querying of the reasons for the lack of successful fit heretofore between sociology and cybernetics. By taking a critical, historical and philosophical approach to the development of sciences it opens possibilities for the reconstruction of sociology as a “new science” based on the foundation of cybernetics, specifically the managerial cybernetics of Stafford Beer.

Findings

The work argues that the appropriate conceptual foundation for the social sciences is the realm of communication and control, ideas that were given a rigorous formulation in cybernetics, information theory and systems thinking since the 1940s. Many people have seen the prima facie appropriateness of these ideas for the study of human society and numerous attempts have been made to apply them. Almost, all of these efforts have been failures, at least from a sociological point of view. The paper suggests that the problem with all such previous attempts is that they consisted of too direct an application of cybernetics to sociology, entailing a metaphoric reduction that threatened the intellectual integrity of the discipline. Work in the history of sciences suggests that, whereas deep theoretical, foundational work may well be achieved for a realm in the abstract, so to speak, it is when attempts are made to apply these results to more phenomenal domains, to which in principle they are deemed appropriate and relevant, that problems of an apparent “lack of fit” arise. It has been found that a group of intermediating concepts is necessary to draw the two domains together in a workable fit. This process has been called “finalization of science”.

Practical implications

Of immediate value is the reconstruction of sociology as a cybernetically informed science of society that actually delivers theoretical, analytical, research and practical results.

Originality/value

The paper represents a highly original synthesis drawn from the history and philosophy of science development to yield immediate and useful results.
Stafford Beer's contribution to management science – renewal and development
Authors: Adams Denis , Haynes Doug
Published: June 2007

Purpose

This paper sets out to draw on the insights of “Stafford Beer, the whole man” as portrayed within the Stafford Beer Archive at Liverpool John Moores University.

Design/methodology/approach

After reviewing these seminal contributions, the authors seek to use evidence from published texts, restricted documents, and from personal conversations to present how he operated as a practitioner, reflecting on the craft of how he explored the nature of novel situations, performing the simultaneous roles of guide, philosopher and friend.

Findings

The authors attempt to present a perspective of Stafford Beer's (SB) particular contributions to the discipline of management science as an opportunity to the profession for renewal and development, in particular, around managerial cybernetics.

Practical implications

The final section presents the passion of the authors that the archive should be dedicated to a “living connection” as Stafford had wished.

Originality/value

This study articulately flags up SB's contribution to management science.
AXSYS: an intelligent system for e‐learning
Authors: Rickett Frank
Published: June 2007

Purpose

The paper seeks to explore the issues surrounding the deployment of expert systems technologies in a contemporary online educational environment.

Design/methodology/approach

A prototype system was designed and implemented using a small knowledge base. The research was centred on two aspects of system performance: the mechanism for the acquisition of knowledge, and the quality of the dialogue generated for the end‐user as judged by the level of circuitous discourse that was encountered.

Findings

Identifies the potential benefits of creating a visual interface with graphical representations of knowledge, as an aid to non‐technical teaching staff in deploying the system without additional technical support. Confirms the problem of end‐user discourse lacking focus, but identifies a potential solution arising from an emergent property of the visual interface.

Research limitations/implications

As a pilot study it is confined to focusing on just two aspects of such intelligent systems in academia. The research notes, but does not explore, the potential offered by consulting diverse online resources automatically. It also does not consider the pedagogic aspects of curriculum‐oriented knowledge‐based systems.

Practical implications

The research suggests that, with appropriate modifications to system input and output characteristics, the expert system paradigm has a potential role as an online tool for e‐learning.

Originality/value

This is a large area for research in which little contemporary work appears to be taking place. Presents the possibility of introducing intelligent systems into e‐learning roles.
Symbiosis and the viable system model
Authors: Leonard Allenna
Published: June 2007

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to suggest symbiosis could be a metaphor for finding ways to help countries that are challenged to become economically and socially viable. Beer's viable system model (VSM), which also has biological roots could be applied to look for gaps in the conditions for viability and to seek to fill them through collaborative arrangements.

Design/methodology/approach

This is a conceptual paper suggesting various symbiotic processes in biology could inform actions in the social environment.

Findings

Concepts from biological and environmental sciences can be applied to social conditions. The viable system model provides a framework for such applications.

Research limitations/implications

This paper presents general ideas and some examples of possibilities for symbiotic collaboration. Opportunities for symbiosis to be applied to the social arena would emerge through exploration of local conditions.

Practical implications

Much could be accomplished at various scales through imaginative collaboration. The natural world provides models and metaphors to stimulate thinking about collaboration.

Originality/value

The author suggests that the phenomenon of symbiosis in the natural world could provide useful concepts to apply to situations where countries and regions that are not viable or viable enough in the global marketplace. The VSM is discussed regarding a framework to integrate opportunities for collaboration.
Cybernetics of culture
Authors: Rowe James
Published: June 2007

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to argue that culture is our primeval management that has its roots the same desire for control that management does. The paper explores the fundamental cognitive systems that allow us to create culture.

Design/methodology/approach

The paper applies basic systems concepts to the notion of culture and draws parallels with other cybernetic processes in order to consider the means of developing culture as a systemic possibility and/or inevitability.

Findings

Where management is reductive relying on cause and effect to apply its models to organising, culture is emergent and relies on correspondence to develop mutual models of organising.

Research limitations/implications

The paper explores the creation of culture from a systems perspective and so further work could be devised to consider the demise of specific cultures such as the entropy of culture and its radical change in crisis.

Practical implications

The paper is attempting to demonstrate that organisations may need to see culture along with structure and management as a control issue. That culture is at the heart of the individual and in the ether of the organisation and so the cybernetics of culture should not be considered as an adjunct to the management of the organisation but seminal to it.

Originality/value

The paper attempts to consider culture as a cybernetic process of development.
Newlook ASC, new WOSC address, machine translation
Authors: Andrew Alex M.
Published: June 2007

Purpose

To discuss the announcement of plans for invigoration of the American Society for Cybernetics, with reference to that society's web site for details.

Design/methodology/approach

The aim is to review developments on the internet, especially those of general cybernetic interest. New arrangements for the WOSC web site and associated internet items are explained. Illustrations are given of limitations of simple machine translation.

Findings

The ASC is alive and well. The WOSC web site is accessible despite the discontinuation of the British Library facility. Simple machine translation can produce bizarre results.

Practical implications

Developments in the ASC will be worth watching, new WOSC details should be noted, and results of simple machine translation need to be used with care.

Originality/value

It is hoped this is a valuable periodic review.
A new look at the Heisenberg's uncertainty principle
Authors: Dutta Majumder Dwijesh K. , Dutta Swapan K.
Published: June 2007

Purpose

To develop a mathematical and algorithmic approach of avoiding the limitations of deterministically computing the values of energy, time, position and momentum imposed by Heisenberg's uncertainity principle (HUP) which is of profound significance from the point of view of some emerging science and technology like quantum computing, nano scale technology and chaotic dynamical systems.

Design/methodology/approach

A parametric method of establishing deterministic solutions for energy and momentum on the basis of quantized energy limits (instead of HUP) if developed in the non‐infinite non‐zero quantized energy limits where hidden deterministic solutions can be obtained for micro/nano structures.

Findings

The philosophical foundations of quantum mechanics as developed by Max Planck, Neils Bohrz, Werner Heisenburg, Dirac and Edwein Schrodinger is based on a duality concept of complimentarity notions. In most general logical sense for any physical reality qualitative dualism have to have a quantitative dualism may be hidden or virtual. The upper and lower limits of the dynamical quantum mechanical observables are determined based on the dimensional considerations for the physical constants H, C, G and H0. The conceptual basis and mathematical framework of the paper in based Norbert Wiener's work on theory of cybernetics and D. Dutta Majumdars' unified cybernetic and general dynamical systems theory.

Research limitations/implications

The testability of the theory needs to be established.

Originality/value

Without challenging HUP this is a contribution of tremendous practical implications.
Homomorphisms of fuzzy recognizers
Authors: Chaudhari S.R.
Published: June 2007

Purpose

The purpose of this research paper is to develop an algorithm/methodology for the reduction of a fuzzy recognizer through an algebraic concept such as homomorphism.

Design/methodology/approach

The approach of this research is to introduce the concepts, compatible with the purpose of this paper, and then to find a necessary and sufficient condition for the reduction of a fuzzy recognizer.

Findings

A fuzzy Σ‐recognizer M with non‐empty fuzzy initial state and the behavior A is reduced if and only if it is isomorphic to MA.

Research limitations/implications

The research proposes an algebraic method for the reduction of a fuzzy recognizer. The problem of finding dispensable fuzzy productions of a regular fuzzy grammar may be tackled by the use this algebraic method, as fuzzy recognizers and fuzzy regular grammars are equivalent.

Originality/value

The concepts and the methodology are original. The work is useful to the researchers in the field of fuzzy automata, fuzzy grammars and pattern recognition.
About Wiener’s Generalized Harmonic Analysis
Authors: Vallée Robert
Published: June 2007

Harmonic analysis, probability and statistics were among the fields Wiener was most interested in. In his generalized harmonic analysis he introduced, for a signal with finite square modulus mean value, its spectral distribution which is linked to what can be called the integral Fourier transform of the signal. Wiener demonstrated, in a refined way, an interesting property of this integral Fourier transform which can be also established, very directly, with the help of what we call “epsilon distribution” which, in a way, is the antithesis of the delta distribution of Dirac.
The Early Years: Some Comments on the Origins and Concepts of Cybernetics
Authors: Rose J.
Published: June 2007

Examines the role and importance of the ideas of Norbert Wiener, the Father of cybernetics in the context of the Information Revolution. Sketches ideas underlying the origins of cybernetics and outlines the aims of this interdisciplinary science. Analyses criticisms and objections in some detail and draws conclusions.
Internet commentary
Authors: Andrew Alex M.
Published: June 2007

Reviews current Internet developments and reviews new services and systems. Considers and presents in particular facilities for users working in systems and cybernetics.
Communications and forum
Authors: Andrew Alex M.
Published: June 2007

Examines the challenge of the Daisyworld idea and relates it to Darwinian contentions. Looks at recursion processes and the emergence of sex in relation to the idea. Refers to new contributions that emphasize the significance of the Daisyworld concept.
Contemporary systems and cybernetics
Authors: Rudall B.H.
Published: June 2007

Gives reports and surveys of selected current research and development in systems and cybernetics. They include artificial intelligence, biomimetics, innovative systems and intelligence testing.
A review of the proceedings of the Norbert Wiener Centenary Congress, including a paper not in the collected works
Authors: Musès Charles
Published: June 2007

Reviews the proceedings of the Norbert Wiener Centenary Congress and includes the paper “The history and prehistory of cybernetics”, which is not included in the collected works.
Invited review article (C. Musès) ‐ Wiener’s paper not in the collected works: The history and prehistory of cybernetics
Authors: Wiener Norbert
Published: June 2007

Reviews the proceedings of the Norbert Wiener Centenary Congress and includes the paper “The history and prehistory of cybernetics”, which is not included in the collected works.
Questions concerned with feed‐back and feed‐forward cycles
Authors: Char M.B.S.
Published: June 2007

Discusses different processes in nature and the questions that common observation poses for further research. Lists some of these in relation to feed‐back and feed‐forward cycles. Comments on the proper understanding of the cyclic process and the discipline of cybernetics.
Communications and forum
Authors: James Brennig
Published: June 2007

Considers the two main problems believed to remain in biology: the flow chart of man and all other living things, and the wiring diagram of the human brain. Outlines the tasks involved and sees the second one as requiring the unfolding of the cortex. Believes that this work requires confirmation by accurate computerised transformation. Discusses the performance of the main cerebral tasks by the cortex which is specialised in different areas.
The universal algorithm
Authors: James Brennig
Published: June 2007

Proposes that problems can only be solved by trial and error, since the second law of thermodynamics forbids any other means and that the embodiment of this process is a mechanism called a Boltzmann machine, named in memory of the famous physicist, although he cannot have known of it.
Popularisation of cybernetic concepts: the timely necessity of achieving reality and peace
Authors: Char M.B.S.
Published: June 2007

People are living in the age of an information explosion. They are led to a crisis of confusion when they attempt to select required information needed to achieve their long cherished goal of understanding reality and to live in peace. It is at this juncture that the science of cybernetics uniquely offers the necessary concepts which have to be popularised and which enable all people to achieve their concern ‐ the reality and peace.
Internet commentary
Authors: Andrew Alex M.
Published: June 2007

Comments on the Internet, giving details of new facilities and provisions that are of specific interest to systemists and cyberneticians. They include: Computers for Net access, Personal Web site, International access, Choice of Internet service provider and the integral environment.
Inhibitive action of Carica papaya extracts on the corrosion of mild steel in acidic media and their adsorption characteristics
Authors: Okafor P.C. , Ebenso E.E.
Published: June 2007

Purpose

To evaluate the effect of different parts of Carica papaya (leaves (LV), seeds (SD), heart wood (HW) and bark (BK)) as eco‐friendly and non‐toxic mild‐steel corrosion inhibitors in H2SO4 at 30 to 60 oC.

Design/methodology/approach

Acid extracts of the different parts of Carica papaya were used as inhibitors in various corrosion tests. Gravimetric and gasometric techniques were used to characterise the mechanism of inhibition.

Findings

The LV, SD, HW and BK extracts were found to inhibit mild steel corrosion in H2SO4. The inhibition efficiencies of the plant's part extracts follow the trend: LV > SD > HW > BK. Inhibition efficiency increased with extracts concentration but decreased with temperature. Physical adsorption of the phytochemical components of the plant on the metal surface is proposed as the mechanism of inhibition. The experimental data fits well into the Langmuir and Temkin adsorption isotherms.

Practical implications

The plant extracts can be used in chemical cleaning and picking processes.

Originality/value

The research provides information on the possible use of the different parts of Carica papaya as sources of cheap eco‐friendly and non‐toxic corrosion inhibitors.
Novel solutions to new problems in paper deinking
Authors: Fricker A. , Thompson R. , Manning A.
Published: June 2007

Purpose

This paper aims to describe and evaluate the traditional methods for effective ink removal during the recycling of printed papers. Additionally, novel techniques for dealing with the newer “difficult to deink” inks such as toners from photocopiers, UV‐cured ink films and liquid toner suspensions or Electroinks® are to be evaluated.

Design/methodology/approach

High intensity ultrasound was applied to pulps derived from papers printed with these newer inks in order to evaluate its effectiveness in detaching the inks from paper and establishing the resultant ink particle size distributions.

Findings

When exposed to ultrasound at a frequency of 20 kHz, it was found that “difficult to deink” pulps did exhibit significant ink detachment. In the case of toners, temperature did have an effect on particle breakdown with larger numbers of particles produced at temperatures well below the softening point which was attributed to a greater brittleness of the toner at lower temperatures. Electroinks® can be effectively de‐inked by exposure to ultrasound coupled with washing under neutral conditions. With all the inks investigated, exposure to ultrasound resulted in the detached ink having particle size distributions that can be removed by conventional flotation and washing techniques.

Research limitations/implications

The exposure of the pulp to ultrasound was only carried out using a batch‐wise process. A future development would be to use a continuous flow system incorporating an annular ultrasound horn.

Practical implications

Introducing ultrasound exposure into a conventional deinking plant, all post‐consumer printed waste paper could be deinked without the use of deinking chemicals.

Originality/value

The findings are of interest to those in paper recycling.
Triazolic compounds as corrosion inhibitors for copper in hydrochloric acid
Authors: El Issami S. , Bazzi L. , Mihit M. , Hammouti B. , Kertit S. , Ait Addi E. , Salghi R.
Published: June 2007

Purpose

To correlate the inhibitory effect of triazole compounds on the corrosion of copper in HCl at various temperatures by semi‐empirical molecular orbital theory.

Design/methodology/approach

Two triazoles were selected as the best inhibitors among the triazole compounds tested. Gravimetric and electrochemical measurements were conducted.

Findings

Correlation between inhibition efficiency and calculation of molecular orbital of triazole compounds was obtained. Cu(I)‐triazole complex formation was confirmed by UV spectroscopy.

Research limitations/implications

The calculation of energetic levels of molecular orbital may be a tool to explain the classification of inhibitor efficiency.

Practical implications

The theoretical calculation is a complementary mean to selecting an efficient inhibitor among a given series. Good agreement between the experimental methods explored and theoretical calculations was observed.

Originality/value

The originality of this work was the finding of the correlation between energetic levels of orbital molecular and inhibitor efficiency of triazole compounds. The confirmation of the formation of Cu(I)‐triazole by UV‐visible spectroscopy was also new.
Mannich base: a cost effective, low temperature curing agent for epoxides
Authors: Shukla V. , Bajpai M. , Habib F.
Published: June 2007

Purpose

Epoxy curing agents are used to cure epoxy resins by reacting with the epoxide groups or by promoting self‐polymerisation of the epoxy by catalytic action. Application characteristics and final physical properties can be tailored by the choice of curing agent. The purpose of this study was to reduce the cost of epoxy hardeners (polyamide and Mannich base, which are commercially available) without affecting the properties of epoxy system and which are also useable as low temperature curing in flooring.

Design/methodology/approach

To prepare cost effecting Mannich base curatives for low temperature working environment without significantly affecting the properties such as toughening, adhesion, chemical resistance, etc. various compositions were made by incorporating liquid epoxy resin.

Findings

Mannich base curatives were prepared by using different amounts of phenol/bisphenol‐A, formaldehyde and polyamines to obtain products having different amine value, viscosity and colour. Liquid epoxy resin was cured by these Mannich base hardeners prepared. Drying time of relevant thin films was observed. These curatives showed excellent curing property at low temperature as well high humid conditions.

Research limitations/implications

Mannich base curatives, used in present work was synthesised from phenol, DETA and dimethylamino propylamine. Besides, it could be synthesised from other phenol derivative such as cresol, resorcinol and cardanol. In the same manner, we can use other polyamines such as ethylenediamine.

Practical implications

The method provided a simple and practical solution to reducing the cost of Mannich base hardener without significantly affecting the desired properties.

Originality/value

The method used to prepare Mannich‐based hardener was cost affective and could find numerous applications in protective coatings.
The paint shop in the year 2000
Authors: Cowley Mike
Published: June 2007

With the year 2000 as a benchmark, reviews the present position of the paint shop. In particular assesses the paint shop’s reaction to change, for example change due to increased environmental awareness. Goes on to profile the present UK paint shop industry and the influences which are likely to enforce change.
Teen perceptions of disclosure in buzz marketing
Authors: Ahuja Roshan D. , Anne Michels Tara , Mazzei Walker Mary , Weissbuch Mike
Published: June 2007

Purpose

This study aims to investigate teenagers'perceptions about buzz marketing and the issue of disclosure.

Design/methodology/approach

A structured focus group methodology was used in the study.

Findings

The paper finds that teenagers like being buzz agents, they view this role as a job, they usually conceal the fact that they are buzz agents, and they generally see no ethical dilemma in not revealing their status.

Practical implications

It is important to establish a relationship that encourages honesty and transparency in the marketing exchange process when teens are used as buzz agents.

Originality/value

The paper provides useful information on the marketing exchange process when teens are used as buzz agents.
South Africa poised to become a loyalty marketing gem
Authors: Olivier Deon
Published: June 2007

Purpose

This paper aims to examine the emergence of South Africa as a potential growth market for loyalty marketing strategies. A developing black middle class represents an under‐served market that presents significant opportunities for marketers and entrepreneurs.

Design/methodology/approach

The paper describes South Africa's emerging black middle class as a market poised for loyalty growth, based on up to 15 million currently registered loyalty members across a host of programs. Challenges include some deficiencies in technology. Opportunities include prevalent use of mobile telephony and economic growth.

Findings

The study suggests that the historically ignored black middle class can double its consumer spending power in short time and drive South African economic growth. The change in status quo presents significant opportunities for loyalty marketers who are still in the discussion stages of recognizing the new potential.

Practical implications

Loyalty marketers who are willing to accept the challenge of developing solutions for South Africa's emerging black middle class stand to reap rewards in a period of five to ten years.

Originality/value

The paper takes a look at loyalty marketing prospects in South Africa and suggests that marketers develop solutions for the relatively untapped, but emerging, black middle class sector of the economy.
Defining a digital library
Authors: Seadle Michael , Greifeneder Elke
Published: June 2007

Purpose

This editorial seeks to examine the definition of a “digital library” to see whether one can be constructed that usefully distinguishes a digital library from other types of electronic resources.

Design/methodology/approach

The primary methodology compares definitions from multiple settings, including formal institutional settings, working definitions from articles, and a synthesis created in a seminar at Humboldt University in Berlin.

Findings

At this point, digital libraries are evolving too fast for any lasting definition. Definitions that users readily understand are too broad and imprecise, and definitions with more technical precision quickly grow too obscure for common use.

Originality/value

A functional definition of a digital library would add clarity to a burgeoning field, especially when trying to evaluate a resource. The student perspective provides a fresh look at the problem.
Being a librarian: metadata and metadata specialists in the twenty‐first century
Authors: Calhoun Karen
Published: June 2007

Purpose

This paper aims to forecast the changing roles of librarians – especially catalogers and metadata specialists – in today's technology‐driven research, teaching, and learning environments, in which information seekers behave more and more self‐sufficiently and move well beyond library collections in their pursuit of information.

Design/methodology/approach

Places the roles of librarians and library collections in the larger context of knowledge management and campus information network processes, which occur in every knowledge community, with or without a library. Explores and provides examples of how knowledge creators can collaborate with information technology experts and librarians to transform how faculty members teach and conduct research; how students learn; and how libraries support these activities.

Findings

Librarians need to make their collections and services much more visible through human and technological interconnections and greatly improved delivery of information content. Metadata and metadata specialists are strategic assets for libraries, but the service model for cataloging faces critical challenges. Two tables list these challenges and the implications for metadata specialists.

Originality/value

Offers new observations and insights into how librarians can continue to contribute to saving information seekers' time and advancing the state of knowledge in the increasingly interconnected world of the web. Drawing from the larger context of the global infosphere, information‐seeking behavior, and changing roles for library collections and information systems, forecasts the role of metadata and metadata specialists in libraries.
ResDesk
Authors: Arant‐Kaspar Wendi , Carter Henry , Desai Sheetal , Byrd John , Hahn Douglas
Published: June 2007

Purpose

This article seeks to look at the need for a library request system that can provide improved relationship management and personalized services, and meets public expectations about advances in technology and self‐service applications. In this case, a homegrown solution fills a need in an efficient, cost‐effective and gratifying manner.

Design/methodology/approach

After investigating established reserves systems and finding them lacking in relationship and process management features, the libraries got to the point where library staff started looking for internal solutions to request tracking and workflow issues when a homegrown automated solution was discovered; Library Systems, the libraries' internal technical support unit, had developed a very versatile “Helpdesk” system that tracked the status of computer work and problem requests. This system had been adapted by other libraries and organizations around the country for a similar purpose and provided a simple yet versatile interface that would lend itself well to developing a system for reserve request tracking and process management.

Findings

After making use of this system over three terms including a busy Fall 2006, ResDesk has made a huge positive impact on workflow and communication. Instructors can, and do, check the status of their requests at their own discretion resulting in fewer visits from stressed out instructors. The system itself has been phenomenal in managing the request, allowing reserves processing, even though there are more requests than ever, to be more efficient than ever. For comparison, even though the number of requests has steadily increased, the amount of processing time, with the implementation of ResDesk, has steadily decreased.

Originality/value

While there have been many articles published on customer‐relationship management systems, they are firmly entrenched in the business sector and there has been little discussion in library literature about a system that would automate all communications and workflows surrounding interaction with patrons, from request to completion.
Griffin search: how Westminster College implemented WebFeat
Authors: Hollandsworth Bobby L. , Foy Jennifer
Published: June 2007

Purpose

This paper aims to shed light on federated search engine solutions by documenting how Westminster College implemented a new system after a failed attempt.

Design/methodology/approach

The librarians became interested in a new federated search solution after a previous vendor was unable to provide a satisfactory product. After seeing demonstrations from several vendors, the librarians decided on WebFeat. This paper chronicles that decision and its implementation, which surprisingly took less than three months.

Findings

The librarians found WebFeat to be a superior product in comparison with the first federated search engine. WebFeat made an immediate impact on how the students and faculty searched for information. The seamless integration into the library web page made it easier for users to search databases and the library catalog without confusion and frustration.

Originality/value

The value of this paper comes from the fact that the library became a “federated search casualty” after adopting a system in 2003 that did not live up to expectation and eventually had to be terminated. WebFeat was the next choice, and it has performed above expectations. The librarians witnessed the failure of one federated search engine solution and the success of another over the past three years.
ICT skills readiness for the emerging global digital economy among small businesses in developing countries
Authors: Mutula Stephen M. , Van Brakel P.
Published: June 2007

Purpose

The paper aims to present the findings of an empirical study carried out as part of an ICT (Information and Communications Technology) data‐gathering exercise that would culminate in the promulgation of a national ICT policy for Botswana. The purpose of the study is to characterize the ICT sector in terms of, among other things, the skills needs in the sector for the purpose of powering the emerging digital economy. Moreover, the study – through review of literature – extends, to cover the status of ICT skills for the digital economy both in developed and developing countries.

Design/methodology/approach

The study used qualitative design. Focus group discussions were used to collect data from key stakeholders in the ICT sector. The stakeholders included: ICT enterprises, Citizen Owned IT companies lobby group (CORBIT), Botswana Telecommunication Corporation, Botswana Power Corporation, business community, academia, and legal experts. Data collected were analyzed using thematic categorization. Results were presented using descriptive and narrative form.

Findings

The findings generally suggest that there is an acute global shortage of high skilled and hands‐on personnel necessary for steering the emerging digital economy in both developed and developing countries including Botswana. In addition, there is a serious skills gap for certified specialists to help develop the sophisticated applications necessary to power the digital economy and more so the applications that depend on it.

Research limitations/implications

The empirical part of the study was limited to the ICT sector of the economy in Botswana. A similar study covering all sectors of the national economy will provide a complete picture of ICT skills needs for the nation and its preparedness to partake in the emerging digital economy.

Practical implications

ICT, particularly the internet, is having a significant impact on the operations of business enterprises and is claimed to be essential for the survival and growth of nations' economies. Botswana Government has realized the folly of depending largely on diamond mining for long‐term economic development. Consequently, it is encouraging the development of the ICT sector as a way to diversify its economy and position itself to play a leading role in the global emerging digital economy.

Originality/value

This study provides a framework for ICT skills development strategies that can enable countries to participate competitively in the emerging digital economy.
Taking the information to the public through Library 2.0
Authors: Curran Kevin , Murray Michelle , Christian Martin
Published: June 2007

Purpose

Libraries as they are known today can be defined by the term Library 1.0. This defines the way resources are kept on shelves or at a computer behind a login. These resources can be taken from a shelf, checked out to the librarian, taken home for a certain length of time and absorbed, and then taken back to the library for someone else to use. Library 1.0 is a one‐directional service that takes people to the information that they require. Library 2.0 – or L2 as it is now more commonly addressed as – aims to take the information to the people by bringing the library service to the internet and getting the users more involved by encouraging feedback participation. This paper seeks to present an overview of Library 2.0.

Design/methodology/approach

This paper presents an overview of Web 2.0 including definitions, technologies involved and sites currently advocated as examples of Web 2.0.

Findings

The major difference between Library 1.0 and L2 is that Library 1.0 only allows for a one‐way flow of information while L2 is a read‐write library that gives library users the power to decide the service that they get. L2 reinforces the role libraries play in the community by building on today's best and continually improving the service. L2 can be summarized as being user‐driven and aiming to save each library user time in retrieving information.

Originality/value

Libraries have been around for centuries and are considered places in which books, journals, CDs, etc. are kept for reference or for borrowing by the public. The term L2 was believed to have been first made by Michael Casey in his blog LibraryCrunch. Chad and Paul Miller describe Library 2.0 (L2) as a concept, very different from the service one knows today, that operates according to the expectations of today's users. They state that with this concept the library will make information available wherever and whenever the user requires it. One point to note here is that this concept is not about replacing the 1.0 technology already being used but rather about adding additional functionality.
Annual Conference of the Nigeria Association of Law Libraries
Authors: Tiemo Pereware A. , Agbabune Henry
Published: June 2007

Purpose–To share themes and issues of a conference held in Nigeria of a specialized group of librarians, law librarians. Design/methodology/approach–This is a review of the conference. Findings–Surprisingly, the issues that were highlighted in the papers and presentations was not the most important nor interesting sense of this meeting, but the poor attendance, participation and the incredible sense of digital divide that is described and how weak conditions are in Nigerian law libraries due to inadequate connectivity overall and Internet access in particular. Access to resources regardless of the standards is highly restricted. Practical implications–Intervention of resources, technology, capital and human resources are all badly needed to make a difference in training and rendering improved services in law libraries. International content available via the web is not helpful if access is so cumbersome and restricted. Originality/value–Provides information of value of Library professionals.
Text and Image: From Book History to “The Book is History”
Authors: Gelfand Julia
Published: June 2007

Purpose

Academic viewpoints about the evolution of the book over time incorporating historical purposes and contemporary approaches to issuing new forms of scholarship.

Design/methodology/approach

Outunes the themes of the conference.

Findings

Technology allows for so much today and the intersection of text and image is just one way to interpret the potential for new practices and information products.

Practical implications

Different forms of scholarship emphasize media and implications for new information products suggest new roles for creators, readers, preservationists, librarians, and technologists.

Originality/value

Provides a useful summary of a conference of interest of information professionals.
The Nigerian Communications Commission and the Digital Bridge Institute: First South–South Zonal Advanced Digital Appreciation Workshop For Tertiary Institutions
Authors: Okiy Rose B. , Tiemo P.A.
Published: June 2007

Purpose

The article aims to focus on the Nigerian Communications Commission (NCC) and Digital Bridge Institute (DBI), Abuja, first zonal workshop on Advanced Digital Appreciation for lecturers from Universities, Polytechnics and Colleges of Education in Nigeria. A total of 89 lecturers from nine tertiary institutions from the south–south zone of Nigeria participated in the workshop. The workshop took place in October 2006.

Design/methodology/approach

The paper gives an outline of the event.

Findings

The broad business and purpose of the NCC as derived from the enabling Decree 75 of 1992 is to facilitate private sector participation in telecommunications service delivery, coordinate and regulate the activities of all the operators to ensure consistency in availability and survey of service delivery and fair pricing.The DBI is an international Centre for Communications Studies which is affiliated with the NCC. The workshop comprised five modules: Introduction to Computers, Introduction to Microsoft Word 2003, Introduction to Microsoft Power Point 2003, Introduction to Microsoft Excel 2003, and Introduction to the Internet.

Originality/value

The article details how the workshop was a train‐the‐trainer initiative for lecturers in higher institutions with a view to equipping them with knowledge and skills of Information and Communications Technologies (ICT) which would facilitate the research and teaching activities in their respective institutions.
The AAAS 2007 Annual Meeting: Science and Technology for Sustainable Well Being
Authors: Mihram Danielle , Arthur Mihram G.
Published: June 2007

Purpose

To provide coverage and insights about the annual meeting of the AAAS where this year's theme was “Science and Technology for Sustainable Well‐Being.”

Design/methodology/approach

Environmental scan of annual national meeting. Of particular interest due to the range of backgrounds different attendees from all avenues of the scientific community.

Findings

Sustainable well being has wide applications in different arenas but the informatics component was not as strong as at past conferences.

Practical Implications

Much of the conference focused on intersections of theory and application and new ways of responding to sustainability. Particularly strong in the physical sciences.

Originality value

Provides information of value to information professionals.
Shared Catalogues and Cataloguing Tools: Information and Communication Technology as Catalyst
Authors: Omekwu Charles O. , Egberongbe H.S.
Published: June 2007

Purpose

To provide coverage and insights about the annual meeting of the AAAS where this year's theme was “Science and Technology for Sustainable Well‐Being.”

Design/methodology/approach

Environmental scan of annual national meeting. Of particular interest due to the range of backgrounds different attendees from all avenues of the scientific community.

Findings

Sustainable well being has wide applications in different arenas but the informatics component was not as strong as at past conferences.

Practical Implications

Much of the conference focused on intersections of theory and application and new ways of responding to sustainability. Particularly strong in the physical sciences.

Originality value

Provides information of value to information professionals.
Economics for true human development – future directions
Authors: Sivakumar N.
Published: June 2007

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to show the limitations and inadequacies of the “Homo Economicus” model of human behaviour in terms of promoting human development and to outline directions for economics to promote “true human development”.

Design/methodology/approach

The paper first discusses the concept of “Homo Economicus” and the criticisms of this model. It then explains the ladder of human development as propounded by Bhagawan Sri Sathya Sai Baba. The paper compares the “Homo Economicus” model with this ladder of human development. The economic philosophy of Bhagawan Sri Sathya Sai Baba is then explained to show the proper way ahead. Finally the paper gives future directions for economics to aid in “true human development”.

Findings

The paper finds that the “Homo Economicus” model of human behaviour is inadequate and needs to be substituted with a broader framework. The economic philosophy of Bhagawan Sri Sathya Sai Baba gives clear directions to develop this broader framework.

Practical implications

The paper has practical implications in terms of understanding human development in the proper perspective and the steps that must be taken to move in this direction.

Originality/value

The paper compares the “Homo Economicus” model with the ladder of human development as outlined by Bhagawan Sri Sathya Sai Baba. The paper is also original because it gives future directions based on the economic philosophy of Bhagawan Sri Sathya Sai Baba.