bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A framework for increasing understanding of self-drive tourism markets
Authors: Prideaux Bruce , Carson Dean
Published: June 2007

This paper aims to identify a framework for analysis of case study research into self-drive tourism and its associated markets. The history and significance of drive tourism markets around the world are briefly identified, and statistics are provided to support increased attention being paid to these markets. The lack of existing research is identified, with significant recent exceptions being this special issue of the Journal of Vacation Marketing and a collection of articles edited as a book by Carson et al.1In order to gain greater understanding of the diversity of self-drive tourism markets and their behaviour in destinations, the framework for analysis suggests attention be paid to location (destination) description; visitor characteristics; access, including distance aspects; nature of visitor flows; expenditure patterns; attractions; accommodation; promotion; history; investment; physical infrastructure; cooperation between stakeholders; level of public sector involvement; and economic impacts and innovation.
Understanding the domestic VFR drive market in Florida
Authors: Pennington-Gray Lori
Published: June 2007

The visiting friends and relatives (VFR) market in Florida is a substantial portion of the tourism market. Research suggests that much of the VFR market travels by automobile. In the events following 11th September, 2001, Visit Florida identified drive tourism as the primary segment to invest in. This paper uses Moscardo et al.’s1 VFR model to understand better the short-haul domestic VFR drive market. Three segments were identified: travellers whose main purpose was to visit and stay with friends and relatives (AFR), travellers whose main purpose was to visit friends and relatives and stay in commercial accommodation (NAFR) and travellers whose main purpose was not visiting friends and relatives but who stayed with friends and relatives (OAFR). Results suggested that AFRs were the youngest segment and stayed the longest time. NAFRs were the oldest group of the three segments and participated in the smallest number of activities. OAFRs had varying levels of income, stayed almost one week on average, had slightly larger travel party sizes and participated in the greatest number of activities while in the area. Recommendations for marketing to the different VFR segments were suggested and limitations were addressed.
Developing new tourism services: Dinosaurs, a new drive tourism resource for remote regions?
Authors: Laws Eric , Scott Noel
Published: June 2007

This paper examines issues encountered when developing new tourism services generally, and specific aspects relating to the development of remote area dinosaur fossil fields for tourism. It studies two sites, one in the USA and one in Australia. Access to both sites is by minor roads, and both sites are characterised by long drives separating the sites from small communities that offer limited infrastructure and few other attractions for visitors. In both areas, however, tourism is seen as one of the few possible ways to sustain existing communities in the face of declining primary-industry-based employment.

In general, tourists visiting these areas are on touring holidays of two weeks’ duration or more where the attraction is the general attributes of the region as well as to a lesser extent their interest in dinosaur fossils. These provide a potential resource for remote-region economic development through commodification as a new tourism attraction.

Development of dinosaur fossil finds as a tourism resource is conceptualised here as new service development. Developing new tourism services, especially in remote regions, is challenging and has not been well examined in the tourism literature. The new service development process used in this case study first examines the characteristics of the existing tourists travelling through the region. The characteristics of a number of potential market segments currently interested in dinosaur fossils were then examined and contrasted with the existing market. This is conceptualised on a specialist-generalist spectrum of interest in fossils. A study of the tourist service features associated with dinosaur fossil tourism in remote regions of the USA was conducted, leading to the identification of a number of possible incremental development opportunities.

The paper then takes a strategic approach to examining potential new tourism service development related to dinosaur fossils in remote regions of Queensland, Australia. In particular, it describes use of information about existing services in similar regions as the basis for ideas about development as well as comparison between existing and potential markets.
Redefining the relationships — The future of travel agencies and the global agency contract in a changing distribution system
Authors: Hatton Mike
Published: June 2007

The reduction of commissions paid by airlines and the competition provided by the internet are presenting a challenging and uncertain operating environment to travel agencies. This paper looks at the shortcomings of the current passenger agency sales agreement. It questions whether travel agencies need a new IATA agreement, and proposes that travel agencies need to look hard at the root causes of the current problems facing the industry. It proposes that travel agents need to redefine their relationship with their suppliers and be proactive rather than reactive to industry changes.
Couple dynamics in household tourism decision making: Women as the gatekeepers?
Authors: Mottiar Ziene , Quinn Deirdre
Published: June 2007

The purpose of this study is to explore household tourism decision making. There is an extensive literature on consumer choice in general.1-3 In terms of tourism, the main focus has been on motivational factors,4-6 but as part of the emergence of a literature which studies the issues of tourism and gender, there are some authors who focus on holiday decision making.7-9 In this context the focus here is on the distinctive roles and power relations within a couple. The study is exploratory in nature and employs a self-administered questionnaire.

It is concluded that the overall consumption of a holiday is largely a joint decision, but when the purchase is broken down into different stages females have a dominant role in the early stages of the process, possibly making them the gatekeepers.
Branding Britain
Authors: Hall Jonathan
Published: June 2007

Location branding is a hot topic throughout the world, not least in the UK, principally as a key driver for tourism, inward investment and/or export revenue. International tourism receipts into the UK have been in long-term decline in an increasingly competitive market — how should a highly diverse Britain be cohesively positioned to meet the demands of the future and the changing visitor? This paper lays out the principles of approach, the team structure, the detail of the process and the framework for strategic resolution and creative execution, along with providing some broader conclusions with regard to location branding projects. The strategic hypothesis, positioning concept development, international research and synthesis into a usable and inspiring brand model are described and the principles of the brand identity implementation outlined.
Using vocabularies of motives to facilitate relationship marketing: The context of the Winnebago Itasca Travelers Club
Authors: Peters Cara Lee Okleshen
Published: June 2007

This study examines how the Winnebago Itasca Travelers (WIT) Club attracts new customers and builds customer loyalty by using vocabularies of motives and core framing activities. Utilising social movement theory, this analysis finds that WIT members have an instrumental vocabulary about potential problems that serve as tools for recruiting new members. The instrumental vocabulary encompasses the diagnostic and prognostic frames of retirement, travel and information. WIT members also utilise an expressive vocabulary justifying their club-related behaviour; these motivational frames of friendship, fellowship and fun provide a rationale for increasing active association within the club. Findings are discussed in the light of relationship marketing.
An investigation into the influence of the benefits sought by visitors on their quality evaluation of historic houses’ service provision
Authors: Frochot Isabelle
Published: June 2007

The conceptualisation of satisfaction and quality in tourism consumption has always been the object of an unresolved debate questioning whether satisfaction should be evaluated upon the achievement of psychological/emotional needs or on its utilitarian/quality components. The paper details a study which combines both these approaches with the aim of clarifying how an understanding of tourists’ motivations can provide a better appreciation of their quality evaluations. Results show that when subdividing consumers along their motivational profiles, a clearer evaluation of quality perception is achieved: each segment displays different quality perceptions of the service offered and the relative importance attached to various quality dimensions also differs. The study concludes that an understanding of quality evaluations can be greatly enhanced by segmenting consumers rather than assuming that all consumers have similar quality perceptions and prioritisation. It also confirms that consumers’ quality perceptions are influenced by both utilitarian and psychological components, thereby justifying the necessity for a multidisciplinary approach to tourist quality conceptualisation and measurement.
Marketing a resort-based spa
Authors: Monteson Patricia A. , Singer Judith
Published: June 2007

The purpose of this paper is to provide information for owners and operators of resort-based spas who want to increase and expand their market share of people who use spas. It profiles spa-goers in the USA and examines who they are, what spa services they use, why they go to spas and how they feel after their spa experience. It also examines how to connect with guests who use spas and how to increase market share of this group.
Senior travellers: Tourism activities and shopping behaviours
Authors: Littrell Mary A. , Paige Rosalind C. , Song Kun
Published: June 2007

Senior travellers aged 50 and over served as the focus for an integrated exploration of tourism activities and shopping behaviours. The twofold purpose of the research was to develop profiles of senior travellers based on travel activities and to augment the profiles by comparing and contrasting tourists on shopping variables. Previous scholarship on tourist segmentation, tourism shopping and senior travellers informed the research. A sample of 146 travellers responded to a mail survey addressing their preferences for travel activities and a variety of shopping behaviours during travel. Travel activities factored into outdoors, cultural and sports and entertainment tourism. Factors encompassed both spectator/recreational and social engagement approaches to tourism. Three profiles of senior tourists included ‘active outdoor/cultural tourists’, ‘cultural tourists’ and ‘moderate tourists’. Profiles differed on the importance attached to shopping during travel, likelihood for shopping at retail venues, preferred shopping mall characteristics and sources of travel information about shopping. Scholarly and applied implications are offered.
Predicting destination choice — A discussion of destination loyalty
Authors: Oppermann Martin
Published: June 2007

Successfully predicting tourism destination choice by potential travellers would be an invaluable advantage to managers and marketers. This paper reviews the literature on brand loyalty, destination choice and repeat visitation behaviour. Based on this review it argues that previous destination choice over a long time period would provide the necessary information to segment (potential) tourists into loyalty segments which in turn will provide destination marketers with valuable information for more cost-effective target marketing. While this article does not test the predictive value of the loyalty typology, it suggests that there is a close linkage between previous destination purchase history and future purchase behaviour.
The marketing of water parks, slides and surf pools at resorts and hotels in Arizona: A case study
Authors: Trowbridge Emery H.
Published: June 2007

Many resorts and hotels in Arizona have introduced family-oriented water parks as part of their guest experience. In a marketing effort to appeal to a broader guest base, these properties have had varying results from this type of investment.

This study explores development of water features at eight major resorts and one independent hotel in Arizona. Some of these developments have slides, others have ‘lazy rivers’ for the tube floaters, lavish waterfalls, wave generators, grotto bars and a smorgasbord of hot ‘jet baths’. Through the use of mainly qualitative data, the various issues involving the research, operation and marketing of these facilities are revealed. An example of development costs is presented.
Tourism and the millennium bug: Prepared for the bug’s bite?
Authors: Prideaux Bruce
Published: June 2007

As the year 2000 draws closer, increasing media attention is being given to the Year 2000 problem or Millennium bug. Consumers are likely to be bombarded by media reports of doom and gloom about the problem. Media sensationalism may reach new heights with ‘what if’ stories of non-compliant planes falling from the sky and ticketing systems going haywire. And who is to say that three might not be more than a grain of truth in such stories? This article discusses possible impacts of the problem and identifies strategies that tourism marketers may implement to counter the Y2K bug.
The visibility of public park and recreation facilities in tourism collateral materials: An exploratory study
Authors: Masberg Barbara A. , Jamieson Lynn A.
Published: June 2007

The relationship between parks and tourism at a destination is not well formed, but the collateral materials produced by convention and visitors’ bureaux and state travel offices for promotion of their respective city or state (ie, travel guides, event calendars) provide an avenue for uncovering this relationship. This study used these materials and content analysis techniques to investigate the park scope, park role and process used to access more information about parks. The park scope was generally seen as ‘minimal’, however, the involvement was higher among parks at the national level, and decreased to minor involvement with city or municipal parks. This was substantiated by investigation of the park role in that parks were seen to (1) act as infrastructure to an event, (2) enhance the city’s/state’s image, (3) provide something extra, and (4) show quality of life and ambience. In order to obtain more information about park facilities and activities, visitors in most cases would have to access the parks through the visitors’ bureaux or state travel offices. Park agencies and organisations must become more visible and concrete players in the tourism industry. It seemed that parks contribute to the overall image of the destination, but need a more explicit presence in the literature in order to substantiate their place. Photos, contents, information and access are important features of these materials that must not be overlooked.
Involvement: Travel motivation and destination selection
Authors: Josiam Bharath M. , Smeaton George , Clements Christine J.
Published: June 2007

Researchers and marketers are interested in understanding and predicting the complex behaviours of consumers. One important facet of consumer behaviour is the ‘involvement’ construct. Involvement is ‘a person’s perceived relevance of the object based on inherent needs, values, and interests’. 1 This study examined the interplay between the involvement construct and push/pull factors as motivators in destination selection.

Clements and Josiam 2 found that college students who had travelled during the Spring Break vacation had significantly higher levels of involvement than non-travellers. This study surveyed 795 college students during their Spring Break vacation at the beach in Panama City Beach, Florida. Vacationers were found to be highly involved with the concept of travelling on Spring Break. As hypothesised, high levels of involvement were significantly associated with push factors relevant to travel to beachfront destinations on Spring Break. High levels of involvement were also significanlty associated with the pull factors of Panama City Beach, Florida, as a popular beachfront destination for Spring Breakers.
Consumer perceptions of the quality of services in three hotel categories in Hong Kong
Authors: Choi Tat Y. , Chu Raymond K. S.
Published: June 2007

This paper identified travellers’ perceptions of quality of hotel services and facilities among three hotel categories in Hong Kong: High-Tariff A, High-Tariff B and Medium-Tariff hotels. Using a factor analysis technique, the study generated seven hotel factors from 33 hotel attributes identified by the hotel guests. The seven hotel factors were ‘Staff Service Quality’, ‘Room Quality’, ‘General Amenities’, ‘Business Service’, ‘Value’, ‘Security’ and ‘IDD Facilities’. Results of ANOVA indicated that the ranking of the seven hotel factors was significantly different in the three hotel categories. Travellers’ mean ratings of their perceptions of hotel factors increased positively, according to the higher hotel category. The finding is typical, in the sense that when people pay more, they expect to get better quality services. The two most important hotel factors perceived by guests of High-Tariff A and High-Tariff B hotels were ‘Room Quality’ and ‘Staff Service Quality’, while the top priority for hotel guests staying at Medium-Tariff hotels was ‘Security’. Discussions and implications for future studies are also included in the study.
Taiwanese tourists’ shopping preferences
Authors: Mak Barry L. M. , Tsang Nelson K. F. , Cheung Irene C. Y.
Published: June 2007

Hong Kong has been renowned as a ‘shoppers’ paradise’ for more than a decade. Visitor shopping accounted for more than half of the total visitor expenditure and it is obvious that visitor shopping is an important component of the Hong Kong economy. Taiwanese are one of the most important sources of visitor arrivals and shopping revenue. A survey of 100 Taiwanese visitors to Hong Kong about their shopping experience in Hong Kong and in Singapore was conducted. Results indicated that Hong Kong has an advantage with a wider selection of merchandise but there are not many differences between Hong Kong and Singapore in terms of product and service quality. However, Taiwanese tourists felt that retailers in Hong Kong are not as honest as those in Singapore.
Destination branding, niche marketing and national image projection in Central and Eastern Europe
Authors: Hall Derek
Published: June 2007

The dynamism of the structure and scale of international tourism in post-communist Central and Eastern Europe both reflects and is part of economic, political and social restructuring processes in the region. Tourism activity has significantly increased across the post-communist world in terms of tourist movements, yet Central and Eastern Europe has lagged far behind the rest of Europe and global averages in the level of per capita tourism income generated. Further, while in regional terms tourism activity has increased, in the sub-region of Southeastern Europe it has stagnated, because of regional instability and conflict, the nature of the tourism product, and infrastructural and service level shortcomings.

Relatively few tourism marketing studies from Central and Eastern Europe have been undertaken and little work on branding has been published. As something of a pioneering study therefore, this paper examines the relationship between tourism destination branding, niche marketing and national image projection in the region, and concludes that coordination between government action and tourism industry promotion is vital if destinations are to project a clear national and tourism image which contextualises and emphasises the quality of the visitor experience.
Consumer’s evaluation of a new product bearing a familiar name: An exploratory study on brand equity extensions in the hospitality industry
Authors: Rompf Paul D.
Published: June 2007

For more than a decade hospitality and travel enterprises have tested and introduced a vast array of new products designed for more narrowly desined consumer markets. A related activity has also gathered momentum particularly as a marketing strategy; the utilisation of an enterprise’s identity in the form of its established brand name to boost the introduction of a new product.

How a consumer evaluates a new product bearing an established brand was the purpose of this pilot study conducted in the service sector. Utilised in the research was a model of consumers’ evaluation of a brand extension that postulated comparisons between existing product, new product and brand image attributes. The attributes were categorised and dichotomised into feature-based and concept-based dimensions.

Consumers are posited to examine the similarity or congruence between salient and accessible attributes in judging the fit between the new product and brand. A good fit is believed to increase the likelihood of consumers’ favourable acceptance of the new product. Results of an exploratory field experiment provide support for the model and have implications for practitioners implementing the strategy.
Tourism destination brands and electronic commerce: Towards synergy?
Authors: Williams A. P. , Palmer A. J.
Published: June 2007

This paper discusses the impact of electronic commerce on the development of strong tourism destination brands. Electronic media have the potential to create strong direct links between individual tourism suppliers and their customers, thereby possibly undermining collective efforts to create strong destination brands. In addition, electronic media may have the potential to strengthen the process of destination brand creation, by facilitating interaction and cross-selling between complementary producers within a destination. A case study methodology is used to evaluate the recently developed Brand Western Australia (Brand WA) marketing campaign. This strategy attempted to develop a strong centralised tourism destination brand for the state of Western Australia and the paper reviews the branding strategy to date, the promotional and distribution channels used, and the challenges and opportunities faced by WA suppliers when using electronic channels on the Internet. It is concluded that despite the enormous growth in the use of electronic commerce, it is not being used to its full potential. Suppliers appear to be using the Internet in a random, disorganised, uncooperative way.
Communication and teamworking in healthcare
Authors: West Michael
Published: June 2007

The development of teamworking and multidisciplinary communication across organizational settings, and particularly in healthcare, reflects a growing awareness of the benefits to be derived from this way of working. These benefits, in the form of improved healthcare delivery and better member well-being, are described by reference to research evidence. However, it is pointed out that the greatest barrier to effective teamwork and communication is the organisational context, and the appropriate supports and integration systems to achieve this are identified. The importance of effective team processes and, above all, the team's capacity for reflexivity (reflecting on and adapting objectives, strategies, processes and context) is emphasized.
Learning about violence: Experiences and views of psychiatric nursing students
Authors: Robinson Sarah
Published: June 2007

Undertaken in response to concerns about the adequacy of pre-registration education in relation to the prevention and management of violence, this study entailed interviews with a small group of students pursuing traditional routes to the mental health nursing qualification. While for most students violence had not been a large issue during the course, specific incidents were nonetheless remembered with great clarity. Learning opportunities included: teaching and discussion with education and service staff, experience of caring for patients, both on their own and in conjunction with qualified staff, and observation. Most students felt the course had been an adequate preparation in understanding the causes of violence and in learning how to prevent its occurrence, but the majority did not feel adequately prepared to manage violent incidents. Students' recommendations for changes to the course included an increased focus on the subject, greater liaison between education and service staff about their respective approaches to the subject, and a period of experience in a secure unit.
There for us': Exploring preceptorship among newly qualified Child Branch staff nurses
Authors: Bradley Susan F.
Published: June 2007

A qualitative study (N=6) was undertaken examining the experiences of newly qualified staff nurses following Project 2000 Child Branch education, within which the experience of preceptorship was explored. All staff had an allocated preceptor, but experienced the process with varying degrees of success. In-depth interviews were undertaken at five months post-qualifying: content analysis of the data revealed a number of themes relating to the process of preceptorship, and the staff nurses' views of factors which either promoted or hindered its effectiveness. Factors contributing to successful preceptorship appeared to be: the availability of the preceptor; planning of learning objectives; ongoing feedback regarding progress; the enthusiasm and commitment of the preceptors for their role. In no case did preceptorship appear to have a formal structure and it was unclear what criteria would be used to assess staff performance at the end of the preceptorship period. This paper examines the background to preceptorship and the debate concerning its structure and intended outcomes. The experiences of the study participants are then examined in the light of this discussion. The study identifies some fundamental questions about the nature and process of preceptorship.
Researching careers of nurse diplomates: Strategies to gain and maintain the commitment of a nationally representative cohort to a longitudinal study
Authors: Robinson Sarah , Marsland Louise , Murrells Trevor , Hickey Gary , Hardyman Rachel , Tingle Alison
Published: June 2007

This paper focuses on reasons why longitudinal studies can make a useful contribution to the understanding of nurse diplomates' careers. Strategies to negotiate access to students from all four branches and invite them to participate in such a study are discussed, as are strategies to maintain contact and achieve high response rates thereafter. Attention is drawn to the particular difficulties in obtaining a nationally representative sample of adult branch diplomates.
Caring for older people in acute settings: Lessons learned from an action research study in accident and emergency
Authors: Meyer Julienne , Bridges Jackie , Spilsbury Karen
Published: June 2007

The health and social care of older people has never been so high on the political agenda. In particular, there has been growing concern about the care of older people in acute settings. This paper reports the findings of an action research study which explored the organisation of care for older people in an accident and emergency (A&E) setting. Although the findings cannot be generalised directly to all acute settings, the action research methodology generated unique exploratory data, which suggest older patients arrive at hospital with low expectations of care and appear to understand many of the constraints under which staff are working. However, while patients appear to be able to identify small ways in which care could be improved easily, staff instead appear to blame the wider organisation for poor care and give the impression of being disempowered to care. This is despite findings which suggest nurses could make changes in the priorities they give to different aspects of care. The lessons learned from this action research study suggest that nurses may need to work more closely together to foster the much-needed improvements in care of older people. With the National Service Framework for Older People on the horizon, nurses cannot afford to ignore the needs of such a significant group of patients under their care.
Achieving dignified care for older people through practice development: A systematic approach
Authors: McCormack Brendan , Wright Jayne
Published: June 2007

This paper presents the results of a one-year practice development project undertaken in a rehabilitation ward for older people with the intention of developing the quality of rehabilitation practice and of exploring the potential for nurses to work as case managers.

The baseline data showed that the culture of the ward reflected a custodial approach to patient care, a lack of effective clinical leadership and poor understanding of the rehabilitation needs of older people. It was concluded that changes to practice were needed before a case management approach to care could be considered. A systematic practice development approach was adopted, incorporating pre- and post-development evaluation methods. A comparison ward was used to compare the impact on clinical practice of the change strategies used.

The ensuing development strategy focused on facilitating nurses and other members of the multidisciplinary team to question their own attitudes, beliefs and values and to begin to challenge clinical practice. Ongoing work was aimed at implementing cultural and structural changes agreed by the multidisciplinary team, supported by research evidence, in order to establish new norms of clinical practice and leadership. As a result of the project, the ward team was in a much better position to develop a case management approach to patient care, and to implement the development needs identified within the post-evaluation data.
Managed care, case management and multidisciplinary pathways of care: A selective review for the RCN R&D priority-setting exercise
Authors: Hale Claire , Crofts Linda , Stokoe Lyn
Published: June 2007

Over the past few years, healthcare managers and professionals have become increasingly interested in the processes of managed care, case management and multidisciplinary pathways of care. The introduction of clinical governance and the emphasis on evidence-based practice has intensified this interest.

This selective review of the literature on managed care, case management and multidisciplinary pathways of care was carried out as part of the Royal College of Nursing Research and Development priority-setting exercise. The review highlights the conceptual confusion over all three terms and the lack of any robust evidence to support their purported advantages. Priorities for research and development in this area are highlighted.
Researching care pathway development in the United Kingdom: Stage 1
Authors: Currie Lynne
Published: June 2007

This paper describes an evaluative research study looking at the development of care pathways across the United Kingdom. Current thinking around the use of care pathways as tools to manage clinical care processes is outlined, and some of the terminology and definitions currently in use are described. The paper continues by presenting the results of a survey undertaken to quantify the level and use of care pathways across the United Kingdom, as a precursor to researching users' perceptions of care pathways and how they impact on clinical practice. The findings from the initial survey show a significant number of NHS trusts using care pathways in the management and organisation of patient care. Of these, however, the majority of trusts are still at the development and piloting phase, with most being undertaken in the acute sector. The top five procedures being managed using care pathways are: fractured neck of femur, stroke, myocardial infarction, hip replacement, and asthma. Stage two of the study will aim to explore in further detail how clinical staff understand, experience and use care pathways as well as describe staff's perception of the relationship between care pathways and evidence-based practice.
Nurse-led care: The importance of management support
Authors: Read Susan M.
Published: June 2007

The focus of this paper is the importance of proper management planning and support to underpin the provision of nurse-led care. The author's record of research in this field has left her with a lasting impression that nurse-led services often fail to reach their full potential, at least in part because of inadequate management.

The main body of the paper consists of a brief account of a Department of Health-funded project, Exploring New Roles in Practice (ENRiP). In this three-stage study, members of the teams undertook a mapping exercise in a 20% sample of acute trusts throughout England to identify the emerging range and purpose of new roles for nurses and members of the professions allied to medicine (PAMs). The resulting database provided the sampling frame for 32 case studies to clarify the range of issues relating to the introduction of new roles. The database in its entirety also provided the population for a survey designed to establish the generalisability of the conclusions emerging from Stages One and Two. The research findings provided evidence on which to base a guidance document encapsulating the lessons learned during the project. The implications of its findings for management of nurse-led services are discussed and compared with advice given by the author in 1995 in the report Catching the Tide.
The research-practice gap in nursing: Lessons from the research policy debate
Authors: Rafferty Anne Marie , Traynor Michael
Published: June 2007

The combined effects of the evidence-based movement, the introduction of the NHS research and development programme and policies intended to modernise the management of knowledge within the National Health Service have heightened the force of the 'implementation impulse' in research. New and experimental ways are being sought to close the conjunction between research and practice. Nurses are the key 'interface' workers in healthcare, therefore the NHS needs to create a research-rich nursing culture if it is to influence the quality and outcomes of patient care. Much depends upon the policies crafted to build capacity in areas of need and the conditions under which the conduct and commissioning of research operate. Nursing has been exercised by perceived 'barriers' to successful implementation of research for more than a decade. But rarely have discussions on the research-practice gap been informed by insights from research policy literature. The aim of this paper is to bring the two together: to use the insights from the one to interrogate the other. We conclude that the research policy literature provides a context and critique within which the new policy organs managing evidence within the NHS might be evaluated.
‘Erotic Fiction by Women for Women’: The Pleasures of Post-Feminist Heterosexuality
Authors: Sonnet Esther
Published: June 2007

This article addresses the material construction of female heterosexuality through examination of the mass marketing of women’s pornography - ‘erotic fiction for women by women’ as exemplified by Virgin Publishing’s Black Lace imprint. Focusing on the gendered construction of sexuality in popular fictions, I explore the pleasures of consumption offered to women by explicitly ‘pornographic’ texts and consider how the shift into a culture of ‘post-feminism’ alters the terms upon which a politics of ‘reading sex’ might be made. The article considers how appropriate feminist analyses of pornography are to account for contemporary manifestations of the post-feminist pleasure of consuming the ‘feminine’ and questions what kind of cultural space is provided by the fictions. In view of a concern to relate mass fictional forms to their discursive placement, I am interested in the ways in which the Virgin imprint produces written erotica as a site of ‘empowerment’ and of ‘liberation’ for women. This is located within current modalities of post-feminist identity in which sexual pleasure and commodity forms are inextricably tied to notions of ‘entitlement’ and consumerist ‘self-determination’.
Gender and Sexuality Among Immigrant Iranians in Canada
Authors: Shahidian Hammed
Published: June 2007

This article presents an analytical study of the changing concepts of sexuality and gender relations among Iranian immigrants in Canada. I explore the ways in which spatial displacement transformed gender relations and sexuality. The impact of migration on gender is mediated through both class and gender relations. Migration effects profound changes in the compact between men and women. One fundamental change in gender and sexuality is the emphasis on individuality, which even among upper-middle-class families creates discrepancies between real and ideal behavior. Immigrant communities are constructed based on a reservoir of cultural and social patterns ‘transported’ from home. Yet neither the ethnic community nor the host community is all-constitutive or all-restrictive. Men and women construct and contest gender and sexuality through a critical reappropriation of their ‘past’ and a creative redefinition of what is available to them by selective mix and match of ‘traditional’ norms and values with ‘modern’ options.
Football, folk dancing and fascism: diversity and difference in multicultural Australia
Authors: Hughson John
Published: June 2007

The paper contextualises the 'de-ethnicising' of Australian soccer debate within an attendant debate about multicultural practice. Underlying the 'de-ethnicising' issue is a contestation over the cultural representation of soccer. Those who call for 'de-ethnicising' correspondingly demand that the sport be 'Australianised'. In some cases this involves a rejection of multiculturalism, in others an acceptance of a multiculturalism which defers to an 'Australian way of life'. Either way, the continuing affiliation of soccer clubs to 'ethnic communities' is seen to encourage a set of cultural practices which are 'un-Australian'. The paper considers this view by locating it within the broader context of a discussion of the Australian sporting culture to which an 'ethnicised' soccer league is likely to remain offensive. The difficulties for multiculturalism evinced by soccer support are discussed with reference to the author's ethnographic case study of the Bad Blue Boys (BBB), a group of young men of Croatian background who follow the Sydney United team in the National Soccer League. A theoretical linkage is made to the work of Homi Bhabha with respect to his distinction between cultural diversity and cultural difference in the field of multicultural practice. In conclusion a position is developed which argues that existing theorising on Australian multiculturalism might need to be re-thought given the realities of multicultural life in such places as a soccer park in western Sydney.
The impact of electronic publishing on the performance of professional information markets in the Netherlands
Authors: Van Der Wurff Richard J.W.
Published: June 2007

This exploratory article builds upon industrial organization theory to discuss, clarify and tentatively predict how electronic publishing affects the performance of professional information markets in the Netherlands. First, it explains how the availability of low-cost electronic reproduction and distribution technologies initiates new entry and vertical disintegration in the professional information value chain. It then argues that traditional publishers use electronic publishing strategies to counter these threats and to regain control over professional information markets. It subsequently theorizes how these changes are likely to affect market performance. Finally, it predicts that electronic publishing is likely to improve performance of professional information markets, by reinforcing competition between traditional publishers that operate on information markets, and new entrants that operate on attention markets.
Content and context: an exploration of the basic characteristics of information needs
Authors: Bouwman Harry , Van De Wijngaert Lidwien
Published: June 2007

In this article we describe research that overcomes some of the flaws of Uses and Gratifications research by combining information need concepts with concepts from Media Choice models, and by making use of the Policy Capturing method. Using this method, we obtained in-depth knowledge about the basic characteristics of information needs that can be used to explain a choice for specific media, i.e. traditional mass media and Information and Communications Technology (ICT)-based media. In two studies regarding users’ information needs in an academic context, and employees within an organizational setting, we found that the same characteristics of information need, such as topicality and context, are important predictors of media choice. The results show that more refined analyses with regard to dimensions underlying information need can contribute to insight into when and how media, including new technologies, can be successful in the emerging information society, for example, by taking context issues into account.
Narrowcast technology, interactivity, and the economic relations of space: the case of horse race simulcasting
Authors: Kruse Holly
Published: June 2007

A shift in the horse racing industry toward the satellite simulcasting of races for wagering at off-track betting facilities has driven horse racing toward the use of interactive communication technologies. The result is a structure of economic, social, and policy relations that is intended to organize the public and private spaces of members of the industry’s target markets.
An Examination of the Factors Contributing to Adoption Decisions among Late-Diffused Technology Products
Authors: Vishwanath Arun , Goldhaber Gerald M.
Published: June 2007

According to diffusion theory, consumer beliefs or perceptions of innovation attributes, along with external socioeconomic and media exposures, influence the decision to adopt an innovation. To examine the relative influence of beliefs, attitudes, and external variables, the current study synthesizes perspectives from the Technology Adoption Model (TAM) and diffusion theory, and presents an integrated model of consumer adoption. The article reports the results of a survey investigating the measurement model in predicting potential adoption by late adopters of cellular phones. The model confirms the importance of attitudes towards potential adoption. Also significant are the influence of media ownership on perceptions of advantage, observability, and compatibility of the innovation. Media use and change agent contacts significantly influence perceptions of complexity of the innovation. Age, income and occupation were the sociodemographic variables that indirectly influenced adoption intention.
Japanese exact repetitions involving talk among friends
Authors: Fujimura-Wilson Kayo
Published: June 2007

This article illustrates the importance of exact repetitions in Japanese conversation while emphasizing the relevance of sociolinguistic analysis. The frequency and functions of exact repetitions in Japanese conversation are different from those in English conversation. English people and Japanese people sometimes understand using frequent exact repetitions differently, suggesting that people culturally use conversational features differently and speech interaction might differ among societies. In addition, no studies have been carried out regarding repetitions in relation to speakers' social characteristics in Japanese conversation, although speakers' characteristics of social background sometimes influences the way people interact with each other in conversation. The results in this article show that speakers' social characteristics, especially their age group, strongly affects the way in which Japanese people use exact repetitions. Speakers' social characteristics need to be carefully considered when analysing Japanese conversation, and in general, more sociolinguistic studies need to be carried out in Japanese speech interaction.
Extreme case formulations in Spanish pre-electoral debates and English panel interviews
Authors: Iñigo-Mora Isabel
Published: June 2007

This article is concerned with Extreme Case Formulations (ECFs) (Edwards, 2000; Pomerantz, 1986) in multiple-party TV programmes in two different languages: Spanish and English. I examine the role of ECFs in Spanish pre-electoral debates and in English panel interviews. English data is 77 minutes and 58 seconds long and comprises nine different panel interviews of political, socio-political and social issues and Spanish data is 78 minutes long and includes four political pre-electoral debates. The results will disclose that the number of ECFs found in the Spanish and in the English corpora differs considerably (48 versus 81). And in relation to the type of recording, the data will reveal that (a) interviewers and interviewees deployed many more ECFs in political recordings (2.8 percent) than in socio-political (1.2 percent) or social recordings (1.3 percent); and (b) politicians used more ECFs (4.8 percent) than any other type of interviewees (1.5 percent).
Sustainable Communication and the Dominant Social Paradigm: Can They Be Integrated?
Authors: Kilbourne William E.
Published: June 2007

The relationship between marketing and the environment has been examined since the early 1970s but began to focus on advertising in the early 1990s. Environmentally related ads were frequently analyzed for content, and then a framework for green advertising was developed, expanding the domain of inquiry to the level of paradigms. This article expands on both of these areas of research by examining both green advertising and sustainable communication and positioning them within the dominant social paradigm of western industrial society. It is argued that achieving sustainable consumption is problematic for both areas because their goal contradicts the basic elements of the paradigm. For meaningful change to occur over time, it is necessary to develop the theory of sustainable communication further and expand knowledge of the functioning of the dominant social paradigm of western industrial societies.
The prospect and schizogenesis: A Batesonian perspective on the implications of the double-bind in advertising messages
Authors: Miles Chris
Published: June 2007

The author argues that current trends in advertising, particularly an increased reliance on complex destabilizing metaphors, have produced a double-bind situation within target audiences that has resulted, as per Gregory Bateson’s description of the schizogenic process, in schizophrenic communication patterns being fed back to advertisers. Links are made to the roots of ironic consumption and other paradoxical tensions in consumer behavior.
Conceptualizing and measuring brand salience
Authors: Romaniuk Jenni , Sharp Byron
Published: June 2007

Historically, brand salience has been considered synonymous with the brand being ‘top of mind’ (mentioned first) when the product category is used to cue retrieval from memory. In this article we argue that this conceptualization (and associated measure) is too narrow. We show that there is value in distinguishing salience from the concepts of awareness and attitude by conceptualizing brand salience as the brand’s propensity to be noticed or come to mind in buying situations. Brand salience reflects the quantity and quality of the network of memory structures buyers’ hold about the brands. This article offers guidelines to facilitate research on the role of brand salience in brand choice and buyer behaviour that are an important progression from the evaluation (attitude) focus of contemporary marketing theory.