bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Copepods' true colors: astaxanthin pigmentation as an indicator of fitness
Authors: Vilgrain Laure , Maps Frédéric , Basedow Sünnje , Trudnowska Emilia , Madoui Mohammed‐Amin , Niehoff Barbara , Ayata Sakina‐Dorothée
Published: June 2023

Pigmentation is often overlooked in zooplankton, since these organisms are mostly colorless to fit the translucid water medium. However, one of the dominant zooplankton taxa in aquatic ecosystems—copepods—often show a bright red‐orange or blue coloration owing to the accumulation of carotenoid pigments in some parts of their bodies. Even though there are many functional traits describing copepod's performance (e.g., size, feeding, and reproductive modes), it is surprising that the role of such a simple and visible trait as coloration has not been studied in a coherent manner yet. Here, by reviewing 95 studies, we demonstrate that carotenoid‐based pigmentation (mainly caused by astaxanthin molecules) is a widespread functional trait in freshwater and marine copepods. We propose a way to disentangle the complex and thus intriguing patterns of pigment expression along latitudinal and altitudinal gradients, addressing its relationship to diet quality and quantity, temperature, ultraviolet radiation stress, predation pressure, lipid metabolism, and reproduction. We show that large‐scale variations in pigmentation are difficult to tackle because of the fundamental plasticity of this trait at short time scales (i.e., hours, days), and the most recent information about carotenoid bioconversion are addressed (genes and enzyme identification, and influence of microbiota). From this literature review, we hypothesize that pigments play a “Swiss‐army knife” role for copepod's fitness, useful in various ecosystem conditions owing to the strong antioxidant power and the finely‐tuned metabolism of astaxanthin. With larger antioxidant capacities (survival), higher metabolisms (growth), and more offspring in better condition (reproduction), red morphs appear more successful than their uncolored siblings. Also, the potential camouflage strategies allowed by red and blue pigmentation are discussed. We finally formulate new directions and future research fields from molecular to ecosystem scales. Routine quantifications of copepod's pigmentation through trait‐based approaches could be useful (1) to obtain an accurate copepod fitness indicator and (2) to better estimate the transfer of antioxidant to higher trophic levels in ecosystems, including humans.
Epilepsy with eyelid myoclonia in the setting of de novo pathogenic variant in ATP1A3
Authors: Parfyonov Maksim , Ivaniuk Alina , Parikh Sumit , Pestana‐Knight Elia
Published: June 2023

Mutations in the ATP1A3 gene have been associated with several syndromes, including rapid‐onset dystonia‐parkinsonism, alternating hemiplegia of childhood, and cerebellar ataxia, areflexia, pes cavus, optic atrophy, and sensorineural hearing loss. In this clinical commentary, we report a 2‐year‐old female patient with de novo pathogenic variant in the ATP1A3 gene associated with an early‐onset form of epilepsy with eyelid myoclonia. The patient had frequent eyelid myoclonia occurring 20–30 times per day, without loss of awareness or other motor manifestations. EEG showed generalized polyspikes and spike‐and‐wave complexes maximal in the bifrontal regions, with prominent eye closure sensitivity. A sequencing‐based epilepsy gene panel revealed a de novo pathogenic heterozygous variant in ATP1A3. The patient showed some response to flunarizine and clonazepam. This case highlights the importance of considering ATP1A3 mutations in the differential diagnosis of early‐onset epilepsy with eyelid myoclonia and the potential benefit of flunarizine in improving language and coordination development in patients with ATP1A3‐related disorders.
Parabolic dune distribution, morphology and activity during the last 20 000 years: A global overview
Authors: Vimpere Lucas
Published: June 2023

Parabolic dunes form and migrate in almost every climate and geographic zones of the world, ranging from the tropical coastlines to the arid continental deserts. Despite their extensive distribution and their importance within the aeolian sediment landscape, the understanding of their morphological development, activity and link with climates remains somewhat limited to local or regional scales. A good understanding of the present climate conditions under which parabolic dunes are formed and/or reactivated would be significantly helpful to constrain past climate models. Similarly, an improved knowledge of parabolic dunes behaviour during past climatic episodes would provide some valuable long‐term data to better predict their future activity. This review first aims at providing a non‐exhaustive global database on parabolic dune morphology and the present wind regimes with which they are associated. To do so, the morphology of 750 dunes distributed worldwide was first analysed using a high‐resolution global digital elevation model, suggesting an intrinsic relationship between the different measured morphoparameters. The analysis of the associated local wind regimes shows that parabolic dunes develop under strong unidirectional winds, which are more conspicuous in coastal than continental environments. Dunes of different ages are globally aligned with present prevailing winds, which suggests a prevalent control of long‐term global atmospheric circulation on dune orientations. Finally, this study explores the link between parabolic dune activity and climates over the past 20 000 years by reviewing ages from the literature and combining them with the ones compiled in the INQUA Dunes Atlas Chronologic Database. Overall, it appears that changes towards drier conditions have triggered dunes migration during both warm and cold periods of the Last Glacial Maximum, Holocene Climate Optimum, Roman Climate Optimum, Medieval Climate Optimum and Little Ice Age. The present day aeolian activity is predominantly linked with deteriorating environmental conditions caused by human disturbances.
Effects of ultrasound combined with mild heat and potassium sorbate on Pichia membranaefaciens and the quality of soy sauce
Authors: Qian Jingya , Zhao Feng , Zhang Zixuan , Huo Shuhao , Ma Haile
Published: June 2023

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of ultrasound (US) combined with mild heat (T) and potassium sorbate (PS) on Pichia membranaefaciens in soy sauce and the quality of soy sauce. The maximum reduction of P. membranaefaciens was 5.34 ± 0.15 log after thermoultrasound (TS, 300 W, 10/3 s, 20 + 40 kHz, 60°C) + PS (0.1 mg/mL) treatment for 20 min. Physicochemical properties, including pH and total acid of soy sauce, did not change significantly after TS + PS treatment. Electronic nose analysis showed changes in the flavour of soy sauce after different treatments. A total of 122 and 125 volatile compounds were detected by SPME‐GCMS before and after TS + PS treatment respectively. T90 (soy sauce processed at 90°C) treatment decreased the content of the flavour compounds greatly, while TS + PS decreased the content of the flavour compounds slightly in soy sauce. TS + PS treatment inactivated P. membranaefaciens effectively in soy sauce and maintained and partially improved the sensory and flavour characteristics of soy sauce, which indicates that this combination technology has potential application in the commercial processing of soy sauce.
Spatial distribution and ecological risk assessment of heavy metal elements in rock‐soil in the mountainous areas of Southwest China: A case study of Xichang
Authors: Li Tong , Li Youguo , Liu Hong , Wang Junbo , Li Kuizhou , Huang Yong , Wang Zeyu , Xing Huan , Wei Mingqiu
Published: June 2023

This study employs the Muller geological accumulation index method and the Hakanson risk assessment method in combination with ArcGIS technology to assess the potential heavy metal pollution in soil. The study aims to investigate the geochemical characteristics, pollution degree, and potential ecological risks associated with soil heavy metal element content and distribution across various geological formations. The concentrations of eight heavy metals, namely Cu, Cd, Ni, Pb, Zn, Hg, As, and Cr, were analysed by collecting samples of the soil layer, parent material layer, and parent rock layer. The proportions of samples with different risk levels are accurately calculated to locate areas with high pollution risks. The findings are as follows: Firstly, the soil pH value in the study area is low, and the Cd and Cr concentrations are 1.38 and 1.20 times the background concentrations in soil in Sichuan Province, respectively. Moreover, Cu, Cd, Ni, Zn, and Cr concentrations are 1.23, 1.10, 1.20, 1.10, and 1.55 times the background concentrations in soil in China. Secondly, the distribution of heavy metal elements varies across different geological formation units, and the heavy metal contents of different samples from the same formation also varies significantly. The concentrations of heavy metal elements are influenced by different geological formations, with the pedogenic parent rock in the soil determining the initial concentrations of heavy metal elements. Thirdly, the spatial distribution of heavy metal elements indicates a good spatial distribution coupling relationship among the soil layer, parent material layer, and rock layer. The study suggests that the contents of the eight heavy metal elements in the soil inherited the characteristics of the parent material to a large extent and are influenced and controlled by the pedogenic parent rock (geological formation). Finally, the evaluation results reveal that all eight heavy metal elements exhibit moderate pollution, with a relatively large distribution area exhibiting moderate Cd, Hg, and As pollution and above. The overall study area exhibits a mild potential ecological risk level, with some areas at a moderate potential ecological risk level, distributed in patches across the study area. Cd and Hg exhibit relatively high potential ecological risks. The potential ecological risks of heavy metals are relatively high in the JKms and Tss units. While the overall quality of the soil in the study area is good, heavy metal pollution and potential ecological risks of some elements are still above ideal levels.
A systematic review of studies reporting on neuropsychological and functional domains used for assessment of recovery from delirium in acute hospital patients
Authors: McCartney Haruno , Noble Erin , MacLullich Alasdair M. J. , Davis Daniel H. J. , Evans Jonathan , Shenkin Susan D. , Muniz‐Terrera Graciela , Sandeman Daisy , Tieges Zoë
Published: June 2023

Objectives

Assessing for recovery in delirium is essential in guiding ongoing investigation and treatment. Yet, there is little scrutiny and no research or clinical consensus on how recovery should be measured. We reviewed studies which used tests of neuropsychological domains and functional ability to track recovery of delirium longitudinally in acute hospital settings.

Methods/Design

We systematically searched databases (MEDLINE, PsycInfo, CINAHL, Embase,ClinicalTrials.gov, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials), from inception to October 14th, 2022. Inclusion criteria were: adult acute hospital patients (≥18 years) diagnosed with delirium by a validated tool; 1+ repeat assessment using an assessment tool measuring domains of delirium/functional recovery ≤7 days from baseline. Two reviewers independently screened articles, performed data extraction, and assessed risk of bias. A narrative data synthesis was completed.

Results

From 6533 screened citations, we included 39 papers (reporting 32 studies), with 2370 participants with delirium. Studies reported 21 tools with an average of four repeat assessments including baseline (range 2–10 assessments within ≤7 days), measuring 15 specific domains. General cognition, functional ability, arousal, attention and psychotic features were most commonly assessed for longitudinal change. Risk of bias was moderate to high for most studies.

Conclusions

There was no standard approach for tracking change in specific domains of delirium. The methodological heterogeneity of studies was too high to draw firm conclusions on the effectiveness of assessment tools to measure delirium recovery. This highlights the need for standardised methods for assessing recovery from delirium.
Marginal zone lymphomas
Authors: Zucca Emanuele , Rossi Davide , Bertoni Francesco
Published: June 2023

The three main types of marginal zone lymphoma (MZL), recognized by the current lymphoma classifications are the extranodal MZL of mucosa‐associated lymphoid tissue, the splenic MZL, and the nodal MZL. They share some karyotype lesions (trisomies of chromosomes 3 and 18, deletions at 6q23), and alterations of the nuclear factor kappa B (NFkB) pathway are also common in all of them. However, they differ in the presence of recurrent translocations, mutations affecting the Notch signaling pathway (NOTCH2 and less commonly NOTCH1), the transcription factors Kruppel‐like factor 2 (KLF2) or the receptor‐type protein tyrosine phosphatase delta (PTPRD). This review summarizes the most recent and significant advances in our understanding of the epidemiology, genetics, and biology of MZLs and outlines the current principles of the standard management of MZL at different anatomic sites.
Multi‐color two‐photon scanning structured illumination microscopy imaging of live cells
Authors: Wang Meiting , Chen Jiajie , Wu Wenshuai , Wang Lei , Zheng Xiaomin , Xu Gaixia , Qu Junle , Gao Bruce Zhi , Shao Yonghong
Published: June 2023

Multi‐color two‐photon microscopy imaging of live cells is essential in biology. However, the limited diffraction resolution of conventional two‐photon microscopy restricts its application to subcellular organelle imaging. Recently, we developed a laser scanning two‐photon non‐linear structured illumination microscope (2P‐NLSIM), whose resolution improved three‐fold. However, its ability to image polychromatic live cells under low excitation power has not been verified. Here, to improve the reconstruction super‐resolution image quality under low excitation power, we increased the image modulation depth by multiplying the raw images with the reference fringe patterns in the reconstruction process. Simultaneously, we optimized the 2P‐NLSIM system to image live cells, including the excitation power, imaging speed, and field of view. The proposed system could provide a new imaging tool for live cells.
RNA Sequencing of Urine‐Derived Cells for the Characterization and Diagnosis of Osteogenesis Imperfecta
Authors: Ludwig Karissa , Wu Zenghui , Bardai Ghalib , Mason Patrizia , Ward Leanne M , Moffatt Pierre , Rauch Frank
Published: June 2023

DNA sequencing is a reliable tool for identifying genetic variants in osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) but cannot always establish pathogenicity, particularly in variants altering splicing. RNA sequencing can provide functional evidence of the effect of a variant on the transcript but requires cells expressing the relevant genes. Here, we used urine‐derived cells (UDC) to characterize genetic variants in patients with suspected or confirmed OI and provide evidence on the pathogenicity of variants of uncertain significance (VUS). Urine samples were obtained from 45 children and adolescents; UDC culture was successful in 40 of these participants (age range 4–20 years, 21 females), including 18 participants with OI or suspected OI who had a candidate variant or VUS on DNA sequencing. RNA was extracted from UDC and sequenced on an Illumina NextSeq550 device. Principal component analysis showed that the gene expression profiles of UDC and fibroblasts (based on Genotype Tissue Expression [GTEx] Consortium data) clustered close together and had less variability than those of whole blood cells. Transcript abundance was sufficient for analysis by RNA sequencing (defined as a median gene expression level of ≥10 transcripts per million) for 25 of the 32 bone fragility genes (78%) that were included in our diagnostic DNA sequencing panel. These results were similar to GTEx data for fibroblasts. Abnormal splicing was identified in 7 of the 8 participants with pathogenic or likely pathogenic variants in the splice region or deeper within the intron. Abnormal splicing was also observed in 2 VUS (COL1A1 c.2829+5G>A and COL1A2 c.693+6T>G), but no splice abnormality was observed in 3 other VUS. Abnormal deletions and duplications could also be observed in UDC transcripts. In conclusion, UDC are suitable for RNA transcript analysis in patients with suspected OI and can provide functional evidence for pathogenicity, in particular of variants affecting splicing. © 2023 The Authors. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
Synthesis and characterization of octopamine sulfate, norfenefrine sulfate and etilefrine sulfate reference materials for doping control
Authors: Kalita Subarna Jyoti , Pawar Sachin Dattram , Vernekar Prachi , Pawar Mayur Arun , Veena KS , Mishra KM Abha , Sethi Kalyan Kumar , Radhakrishnanand P. , Murty Upadhyayula Suryanarayana , Sahu Puran lal , Dubey Sachin , Sahu Kapendra , Upadhyay Awanish , Kori Rajesh Kumar , Kumar Pramod
Published: June 2023

BACKGROUND

Doping is the use of prohibited substances by athletes to improve their performance. World Anti‐Doping Agency (WADA)‐accredited laboratories require various metabolite reference standards of the prohibited chemical substances or drugs for routine quality control. Therefore, it was proposed to develop efficient synthetic methodologies for highly pure reference materials of Phase II metabolites of octopamine, norfenefrine and etilefrine, which are prohibited in sports by WADA under the S6 stimulant category. The reference materials were characterized using various analytical techniques. New high‐performance liquid chromatography with diode‐array detection (HPLC‐DAD) methods were developed for purity assessment.

RESULTS

The synthesized Phase II metabolite reference standards, i.e. octopamine sulfate, norfenefrine sulfate and etilefrine sulfate, were confirmed by 1H NMR, 13C NMR, liquid chromatography–high‐resolution mass spectrometry (LC‐HRMS), attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared and thermogravimetric analysis. In the LC‐HRMS study, the mass error value of synthesized compounds was less than 10 ppm (error) which confirms the identity of the reference materials. New HPLC‐DAD method were developed to ensure the purity of the reference materials. We used the HILIC column as metabolite reference standards are highly polar. The mobile phase was composed of water and acetonitrile in fixed composition. The HPLC‐DAD purity of the developed reference materials was observed as 100%.

CONCLUSION

We have developed reproducible synthetic routes for octopamine sulfate, norfenefrine sulfate and etilefrine sulfate, which are prohibited in sports by WADA. The synthesized metabolites were characterized using different advanced analytical techniques. These reference standards will be helpful to all WADA‐accredited laboratories in routine anti‐doping testing. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).
Comparative study on K‐tolerance performance of Fe/ZrO2 and Fe/ZrO2‐W catalysts for NH3‐SCR of NOx
Authors: Xu Duo , Han Zhitao , Li Yeshan , Lu Shijian , Pan Xinxiang
Published: June 2023

BACKGROUND

Selective catalytic reduction (SCR) of nitrous oxides (NOx) with ammonia (NH3) as reductant is used worldwide in mobile and stationary sources to reach strict emission standards. It is a feasible strategy to modify support with acidic metal oxides to improve the alkali metal potassium (K) tolerance of SCR catalysts. Herein, a comparative investigation was conducted based on iron/zirconium dioxide (Fe/ZrO2)and Fe/ZrO2‐tungsten (W) catalysts to reveal the correlation of support modification with W and K‐tolerance performance.

RESULTS

The NOx conversion for K‐Fe/ZrO2 catalyst was <80% across the whole temperature range, and the catalyst was completely deactivated at ≈400 °C. As expected, the Fe/ZrO2‐W catalyst exhibited a much superior anti‐K‐performance in comparison to the Fe/ZrO2 catalyst. The active temperature window for K‐Fe/ZrO2‐W catalyst was 285–485 °C (NOx conversion of >80%).

CONCLUSION

According to the characterization results, it was found that K‐species impose a negative impact on NH3 adsorption on the surface of the Fe/ZrO2 catalyst, especially drastically preventing the adsorption of NH3 species on Brønsted acid sites, thus inhibiting the occurrence of SCR reactions via the Langmuir–Hinshelwood (L‐H) mechanism. By contrast, W modification resulted in more chemisorbed oxygen, stronger redox capacity and an increased Fe3+/(Fe3++Fe2+) ratio on the surface of the Fe/ZrO2‐W catalyst. More importantly, W modification brought about abundant Brønsted acid sites, significantly promoting NH3 adsorption and activation. W modification also weakened the adsorption stability of NOx species to a certain extent. As a result, SCR reactions over the Fe/ZrO2‐W catalyst could proceed via both Eley–Rideal (E‐R) and L‐H pathways. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).
Microstructural alterations in hypoxia‐related BRAIN centers after COVID‐19 by using DTI: A preliminary study
Authors: Balsak Serdar , Atasoy Bahar , Donmez Zeynep , Yabul Fatma Celik , Daşkaya Hayrettin , Akkoyunlu Yasemin , Yurtsever İsmail , Sarı Lütfullah , Sijahovic Samira , Akcay Ahmet , Toluk Ozlem , Alkan Alpay
Published: June 2023

Purpose

To investigate whether the diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) parameters alterations in the in hypoxia‐related neuroanatomical localizations in patients after COVID‐19. Additionally, the relationship between DTI findings and the clinical severity of the disease is evaluated.

Methods

The patients with COVID‐19 were classified into group 1 (total patients, n = 74), group 2 (outpatient, n = 46), and group 3 (inpatient, n = 28) and control (n = 52). Fractional anisotropy (FA) and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values were calculated from the bulbus, pons, thalamus, caudate nucleus, globus pallidum, putamen, and hippocampus. DTI parameters were compared between groups. Oxygen saturation, D dimer and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) values associated with hypoxia were analyzed in inpatient group. Laboratory findings were correlated with ADC and FA values.

Results

Increased ADC values in the thalamus, bulbus and pons were found in group 1 compared to control. Increased FA values in the thalamus, bulbus, globus pallidum and putamen were detected in group 1 compared to control. The FA and ADC values obtained from putamen were higher in group 3 compared to group 2. There was a negative correlation between basal ganglia and hippocampus FA values and plasma LDH values. The ADC values obtained from caudate nucleus were positively correlated with plasma D Dimer values.

Conclusion

ADC and FA changes may reveal hypoxia‐related microstructural damage after COVID‐19 infection. We speculated that the brainstem and basal ganglia can affected during the subacute period.
Malnutrition defined by GLIM criteria identifies a higher incidence of malnutrition and is associated with pulmonary complications after oesophagogastric cancer surgery, compared to ICD‐10‐defined malnutrition
Authors: Murnane Lisa C. , Forsyth Adrienne K. , Koukounaras Jim , Shaw Kalai , King Susannah , Brown Wendy A. , Mourtzakis Marina , Tierney Audrey C. , Burton Paul R.
Published: June 2023

Background & Objectives

Low muscle mass, measured using computed tomography (CT), is associated with poor surgical outcomes. We aimed to include CT‐muscle mass in malnutrition diagnosis using the Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition (GLIM) criteria, compare it to the International Classification of Diseases 10th Revision (ICD‐10) criteria, and assess the impact on postoperative outcomes after oesophagogastric (OG) cancer surgery.

Methods

One hundred and eight patients who underwent radical OG cancer surgery and had preoperative abdominal CT imaging were included. GLIM and ICD‐10 malnutrition data were assessed against complication and survival outcomes. Low CT‐muscle mass was determined using predefined cut‐points.

Results

GLIM‐defined malnutrition prevalence was significantly higher than ICD‐10‐malnutrition (72.2% vs. 40.7%, p < 0.001). Of the 78 patients with GLIM‐defined malnutrition, low muscle mass (84.6%) was the predominant phenotypic criterion. GLIM‐defined malnutrition was associated with pneumonia (26.9% vs. 6.7%, p = 0.010) and pleural effusions (12.8% vs. 0%, p = 0.029). Postoperative complications did not correlate with ICD‐10 malnutrition. Severe GLIM (HR: 2.51, p = 0.014) and ICD‐10 (HR: 2.15, p = 0.039) malnutrition were independently associated with poorer 5‐year survival.

Conclusions

GLIM criteria appear to identify more malnourished patients and more closely relate to surgical risk than ICD‐10 malnutrition, likely due to incorporating objective muscle mass assessment.
Untersuchung von Prozesskontaminanten und Chlorogensäuren in Arabica Röstkaffee.
Authors: Delker Ulf , Engelhardt Ulrich
Published: June 2023

Durch die Röstung von Kaffee kommt es neben der Bildung von Verbindung die das typische Kaffeearoma ausmachen auch zur Bildung unerwünschte Stoffe wie Acrylamid, Furan, 2‐ und 3‐Methylfuran, 2,5‐Dimethylfuran (Methylfurane). Das Ziel der vorliegenden Arbeit war es, Behandlungsverfahren und Röstparameter zu identifizieren, welche eine gleichzeitige Minimierung von Acrylamid und Furan/Methylfuranen ermöglichen.

Dazu wurde Brazil Arabica Rohkaffee unter Variation der Zeit und der Temperatur auf die Röstgrade hell, mittel und dunkel geröstet. Die hergestellten Röstkaffees wurden mit optimierten und validierten Methoden mittels GC‐MS auf die Gehalte der genannten Analyten untersucht. Durch die Untersuchungen konnte das gegenläufige Verhalten der Bildung von Acrylamid und Furan/Methylfuranen aufgezeigt werden. Die höchsten Gehalte an Acrylamid konnten in hellen sowie kurzen Röstungen nachgewiesen werden. Die höchsten Gehalte an Furan/Methylfuranen wurden in dunklen und langen Röstungen ermittelt. Auch extreme Röstprofile und Vorbehandlungsverfahren (Dämpfung, Entcoffeinierung) ergaben zwar unterschiede, das gegenläufige Verhalten der beiden Gruppen war aber weiterhin gegeben. Insgesamt konnten keine Röstparameter ermittelt werden, mit denen eine gleichzeitige Minimierung von Acrylamid und Furan/Methylfuranen möglich ist.

Die Röstkaffees wurden auf ihre Gehalte an Chlorogensäuren (CQA), einer sehr wichtigen Verbindungsklasse in Kaffee, untersucht. Chlorogensäuren sind antioxidativ wirksame Verbindungen. Anhand der untersuchten Kaffees konnte der Röstgrad als größter Einflussfaktor für das Ausmaß des CQA‐Abbaus identifiziert werden. Kaffees die einer Vorbehandlung unterzogen wurden wiesen höhere CQA‐Gehalte auf als die Referenzröstungen. Die übrigen Röstexperimente zeigten keinen eindeutigen Trend.
A Strong and Double‐sided Self‐Adhesive Hydrogel Sensor
Authors: Xu Rongnian , Lai Yingying , Liu Jianping , Wei Qiangbing , Sheng Wenbo , Ma Shuanhong , Lei Ziqiang , Zhou Feng
Published: June 2023

Flexible self‐adhesive hydrogel sensors are attracting considerable concerns in recent years. However, creating a self‐adhesive hydrogel sensor with excellent mechanical properties remains to be challenging. Herein, a double‐sided self‐adhesive hydrogel capable of strain sensor with high strength is demonstrated by penetration strategy. The middle poly(acrylic acid)‐polyacrylamide/Fe3+ (PAA–PAM/Fe3+) tough layer endows the double‐sided self‐adhesive hydrogel with high mechanical properties, while the bilateral poly[2‐(methacryloyloxy) ethyl]dimethyl‐(3‐sulfopropyl)ammonium hydroxide‐polyacrylamide (PSBMA–PAM) adhesive layers are used to ensure excellent adhesiveness on diverse substrates. The tough layer of the double‐sided self‐adhesive hydrogel sensor shows a strong interface bonding force against the adhesive layer. The double‐sided self‐adhesive hydrogel sensor enables excellent adhesiveness on diverse substrates. More importantly, it can accurately detect different strains and human motions as a self‐adhesive hydrogel strain sensor. This work manifests a new route of structural design to develop a self‐adhesive hydrogel sensor with excellent mechanical properties that is suitable for a wide range of applications.
Internationalisation, employment generation and wage premia: evidence from Indian manufacturing firms
Authors: Aggarwal Anshul , Sharma Chandan
Published: June 2023

The study investigates the impact of internationalisation on employment and wages in the Indian manufacturing sector by using an extensive plant‐level dataset. Using system generalised method of moments (GMM) and quantile regression estimators, we find strong evidence of the dampening effect of exports and imports on wages, whereas a positive impact of foreign investment on wages. However, the magnitude of the impact of internationalisation on wages reduces marginally at higher quantile levels. The impact of imports and exports on employment generation is slightly ambiguous though overall indicates a beneficial impact.
A wideband bandpass filter with wide upper stopband attenuation containing multiple resonators
Authors: Bai Lei , Zhuang Yi‐qi , Zeng Zhi‐bin
Published: June 2023

A compact wideband bandpass filter with a wide passband and very‐wide out‐of‐band suppression is presented. The filter is constructed from a central rectangular‐ring resonator with two open stubs placed around it symmetrically. In addition, tri‐section stepped‐impedance resonators are symmetrically distributed on both sides of the two open stubs, and two symmetrical funnel‐shaped resonators are included to enhance out‐of‐band suppression. The out‐of‐band performance of filter is very good, with a suppression level greater than 20 dB up to 25.72 GHz. The center frequency of the filter is 5.84 GHz, with a fractional bandwidth of 115.8%. Good agreement between the simulations and measurements validates the design principle.
Insights into the effects of high‐temperature lubricating oils on the aging behavior and degradation mechanism of fluoroelastomers
Authors: Wang Shengqiang , Wang Cunguo , He Aihua
Published: June 2023

The aging behavior and degradation mechanism of fluoroelastomers (FKM) after exposure to thermal air, commercial lubricating oil, and the corresponding base oil at elevated temperatures were investigated. The FKMs immersed in oil and exposed to air are denoted by FKM‐O and FKM‐A, respectively. The crosslinking densities of the samples were determined by equilibrium swelling and dynamic mechanical analyses, and the results were different. Compared to the performances of FKM‐A, noticeable changes in the mechanical and swelling performances of FKM‐O were observed, attributed to the severe deterioration induced by both the lubricating oil and the high‐temperature. The FTIR results revealed that the dehydrofluorination induced by the oil caused the fracture of the CF bonds, and the degradation of the oil itself exerted negative impacts on the properties of the FKM. The findings of this study will facilitate the development of FKMs with degradation‐resistant properties for various applications.
First‐Principles Calculation of the Half‐Metallicity in the d0–d Half‐Heusler KCrSb Compound: Novel Material for Energy and Spintronic Applications
Authors: Dergal Samiha , Rached Habib , Ait Belkacem Ahmed Arab , Saib Hanane , Hadji Tarik , Azzouz Rached Ahmed
Published: June 2023

In this study, the structural, electronic, magnetic, mechanical, and dynamical properties of the new d0–d half‐Heusler (d0–d HH) KCrSb compound are investigated using spin‐polarized first‐principles calculations. Two distinct approaches are used: generalized gradient approximation (GGA) and the modified version of the Becke–Johnson GGA (mBJ–GGA). The stability investigations reveal an energetically, mechanically, and dynamically stable d0–d HH KCrSb. The magneto‐electronic research shows a stable compound in the ferromagnetic state with a half‐metallic behavior. The half‐metallic gap is 0.9 and 1.2 eV from GGA and mBJ‐GGA, respectively. It is found that the magnetic moment of the compound is an integer and follows the Slater–Pauling rule μB. So, the d0–d HH KCrSb compound is a potential candidate for spintronic and optoelectronic devices.
Influence of an electric‐field on the topological stability of the neutral lithium dimer
Authors: Feng Xinxin , Azizi Alireza , Xu Tianlv , Yu Wenjing , Mi Xiaopeng , Lu Hui , Früchtl Herbert , van Mourik Tanja , Kirk Steven R. , Jenkins Samantha
Published: June 2023

In this investigation, we seek to understand the role of non‐nuclear attractors (NNAs) of the neutral Li2dimer subjected to an electric (±E) field that is directed parallel (±Ex) and perpendicular (±Ey) to the bond‐path. The±Ex‐fields and±Ey‐fields are separately applied to the Li2molecular graph until the bond ruptures. The next generation quantum theory of atoms in molecules (NG‐QTAIM) interpretation of bonding was constructed with the stress tensorσ(r) eigenvectors on the Hessian ofρ(r) molecular graph. The asymmetry induced by both the±Ey‐field and±Ex‐field was detected in terms of the rotation of the orthogonal triad of stress tensorσ(r) eigenvectors {e1σ,e2σ,e3σ} relative to the Cartesian coordinate frame. The orthogonal triad of Hessian ofρ(r) eigenvectors {e1,e2,e3} however, were only able to detect rotation induced by the high degree of asymmetry present for bent bond‐paths induced by the±Ey‐fields. Larger movement of theNNAs along the bond‐path correlated with greater bond critical point (BCP) bond metallicity ξ(rb). The effect of applying the±Ex‐field was compared with unpublished results on neutral Li2subject to a stretching distortion. The lack ofNNAmotion along the bond‐path for the stretching distortion correlated with a lower degree of bond metallicity ξ(rb). The stress tensorσ(r) eigenvectors have a unique ability to detect rotation relative to the Cartesian coordinate frame for high bond‐path symmetry occurring for the bond‐stretching distortion and application of the±Ex‐field. Suggestions for future work are provided.
Adaptive quantized control for a class of high‐order nonlinear systems
Authors: Li Guangqi
Published: June 2023

In this article, the adaptive stabilization problem is addressed for a class of nonlinearly parameterized systems with quantized input. The quantizer parameters and virtual control coefficients are unknown, and the linearization of the nonlinear systems is uncontrollable. A novel nonlinear time‐varying model is proposed to deal with the quantized input. Through the proposed nonlinear model, the quantized adaptive control problem is converted into the adaptive stabilization problem for nonlinear high‐order system with unknown virtual control coefficients. Then, based on the tuning function approach and adding power integrator technique, adaptive laws and an adaptive state feedback controller are designed. Further, it is shown that by adjusting some design parameters, the proposed scheme enables the stabilization error converges to an arbitrarily small neighborhood of the origin. Simulation is also provided to verify the validity of proposed scheme.
Adaptive neural fault‐tolerant optimal control for nonlinear uncertain systems with dynamic state constraints
Authors: Wei Yan , Fu Jun , Yan Huaicheng , Fei Minrui , Wang Yueying
Published: June 2023

This article investigates the issue of adaptive neural optimal fault‐tolerant control for a class of nonlinear uncertain systems subject to dynamic state constraints and external disturbances. To handle more general dynamic constraints, a unified tangent‐type nonlinear mapping is first proposed to transform the state‐constrained system into one free of constraints. To solve the problem of actuator faults and external disturbances, a single network adaptive dynamic program method is designed, which consists of a feed‐forward fault‐tolerant control scheme and a feedback differential game control strategy. Neural networks are employed to approximate the uncertainties and cost function, respectively. To handle the issue of “explosion of complexity,” a finite‐time convergent differentiator is established to estimate the derivative of virtual control signals in the backstepping design. Via Lyapunov stability analysis, asymptotic stability of the original and transformed nonlinear system is theoretically guaranteed. Two comparative simulation examples are provided to evaluate the efficacy of the proposed control approach.
Activities of the hypothalamo‐pituitary‐adrenal axis and autonomic nervous system following a strong earthquake
Authors: Yilmaz Yücehan , Uçar Cihat , Yildiz Sedat
Published: June 2023

This study aimed to investigate the effects of post‐traumatic stress, caused by a strong earthquake, on the hypothalamo‐pituitary‐adrenal axis (HPA) and autonomous nervous system activity (ANS). Activities of the HPA (as salivary cortisol) and ANS (as heart‐rate variability [HRV]) were measured following the 2020 Elazig (Türkiye) earthquake (6.8 Richter Scale, classified as strong). A total of 227 participants (103 men (45%) and 124 women (%55)) provided saliva samples twice, namely, 1 week and 6 weeks after the earthquake. Of these participants, HRV was measured in 51 participants by 5 min continuous electrocardiogram (ECG) recording. Frequency‐ and time‐domain parameters of the HRV were calculated to assess the activity of ANS and low/high frequency (LF/HF) ratio was used as surrogate for sympathovagal balance. Salivary cortisol levels decreased from week 1 towards week 6 (17.40 ± 1.48 and 15.32 ± 1.37 ng/mL, respectively, p < 0.05). There were no gender differences (17.99 ± 2.63 and 16.90 ± 1.60 ng/mL, respectively for females and males, p > 0.05) for salivary cortisol levels. There were no differences in time‐ and frequency domain parameters of the HRV including LF/HF ratio (2.95 ± 0.38 ms2 and 3.60 ± 0.70 ms2, respectively for week 1 and 6, p > 0.05). The data show that HPA axis activity, but not that of the ANS, remains higher 1 week after the earthquake but decreases afterwards towards the sixth week, suggesting that the HPA axis might be responsible for the long‐term effects of a traumatic event like a strong earthquake.
Safe and Durable Treatment of Dentin Hypersensitivity via Nourishing and Remineralizing Dentin Based on β‐Chitooligosaccharide Graft Derivative
Authors: Li Bailei , Xu Jiren , Ai Ruixue , Zhang Haixing , Wei Mingjun , Zhang Rongqing , Bao Chunling , Wu Wenhui
Published: June 2023

Dentin hypersensitivity (DH) is a common symptom of various dental diseases that usually produces abnormal pain with external stimuli. Various desensitizers are developed to treat DH by occluding dentine tubules (DTs) or blocking intersynaptic connections of dental sensory nerve cells. However, the main limitations of currently available techniques are the chronic toxic effects of chemically active ingredients and their insufficiently durable efficacy. Herein, a novel DH therapy with remarkable biosafety and durable therapeutic value based on β‐chitooligosaccharide graft derivative (CAD) is presented. Particularly, CAD indicates the most energetic results, restoring the amino polysaccharide protective membrane in DTs, significantly promoting calcium and phosphorus ion deposition and bone anabolism, and regulating the levels of immunoglobulin in saliva and cellular inflammatory factors in plasma. Exposed DTs are occluded by remineralized hydroxyapatite with a depth of over 70 µm, as shown in in vitro tests. The bone mineral density of Sprague‐Dawley rats' molar dentin increases by 10.96%, and the trabecular thickness of bone improves to about 0.03 µm in 2 weeks in the CAD group compared to the blank group. Overall, the ingenious concept that modified marine biomaterial can be a safe and durable therapy for DH is demonstrated by nourishing and remineralizing dentin.
Regulating Electrochemical Kinetics of CoP by Incorporating Oxygen on Surface for High‐Performance Li–S Batteries
Authors: Sun Rui , Qu Meixiu , Peng Lin , Yang Weiwei , Wang Zhenhua , Bai Yu , Sun Kening
Published: June 2023

Lithium–sulfur (Li–S) batteries are widely studied because of their high theoretical specific capacity and environmental friendliness. However, the further development of Li–S batteries is hindered by the shuttle effect of lithium polysulfides (LiPSs) and the sluggish redox kinetics. Since the adsorption and catalytic conversion of LiPSs mainly occur on the surface of the electrocatalyst, regulating the surface structure of electrocatalysts is an advisable strategy to solve the obstacles in Li–S batteries. Herein, CoP nanoparticles with high oxygen content on surface embedded in hollow carbon nanocages (C/O‐CoP) is employed to functionalize the separators and the effect of the surface oxygen content of CoP on the electrochemical performance is systematically explored. Increasing the oxygen content on CoP surface can enhance the chemical adsorption to lithium polysulfides and accelerate the redox conversions kinetics of polysulfides. The cell with C/O‐CoP modified separator can achieve the capacity of 1033 mAh g−1 and maintain 749 mAh g−1 after 200 cycles at 2 C. Moreover, DFT calculations are used to reveal the enhancement mechanism of oxygen content on surface of CoP in Li–S chemistry. This work offers a new insight into developing high‐performance Li–S batteries from the perspective of surface engineering.
Rare‐Earth–Modified Metal–Organic Frameworks and Derivatives for Photo/Electrocatalysis
Authors: Fan Chuang , Dong Wenrou , Saira Yousaf , Tang Yawen , Fu Gengtao , Lee Jong‐Min
Published: June 2023

Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) and their derivatives have attracted much attention in the field of photo/electrocatalysis owing to their ultrahigh porosity, tunable properties, and superior coordination ability. Regulating the valence electronic structure and coordination environment of MOFs is an effective way to enhance their intrinsic catalytic performance. Rare earth (RE) elements with 4f orbital occupancy provide an opportunity to evoke electron rearrangement, accelerate charged carrier transport, and synergize the surface adsorption of catalysts. Therefore, the integration of RE with MOFs makes it possible to optimize their electronic structure and coordination environment, resulting in enhanced catalytic performance. In this review, progress in current research on the use of RE‐modified MOFs and their derivatives for photo/electrocatalysis is summarized and discussed. First, the theoretical advantages of RE in MOF modification are introduced, with a focus on the roles of 4f orbital occupancy and RE ion organic coordination ligands. Then, the application of RE‐modified MOFs and their derivatives in photo/electrocatalysis is systematically discussed. Finally, research challenges, future opportunities, and prospects for RE‐MOFs are also discussed.
Existence of Solutions to a Phase-Field Model of 3D Grain Boundary Motion Governed by a Regularized 1-Harmonic Type Flow
Authors: Moll Salvador , Shirakawa Ken , Watanabe Hiroshi
Published: June 2023

In this paper, we propose a quaternion formulation for the orientation variable in the three-dimensional Kobayashi–Warren model for the dynamics of polycrystals. We obtain existence of solutions to the $$L^2$$

L
2

-gradient descent flow of the constrained energy functional via several approximating problems. In particular, we use a Ginzburg–Landau-type approach and some extra regularizations. Existence of solutions to the approximating problems is shown by the use of nonlinear semigroups. Coupled with good a priori estimates, this leads to successive passages to the limit up to finally showing existence of solutions to the proposed model. Moreover, we also obtain an invariance principle for the orientation variable.
Comprehensive ECG reference intervals in C57BL/6N substrains provide a generalizable guide for cardiac electrophysiology studies in mice
Authors: Oestereicher Manuela A. , Wotton Janine M. , Ayabe Shinya , Bou About Ghina , Cheng Tsz Kwan , Choi Jae-Hoon , Clary Dave , Dew Emily M. , Elfertak Lahcen , Guimond Alain , Haseli Mashhadi Hamed , Heaney Jason D. , Kelsey Lois , Keskivali-Bond Piia , Lopez Gomez Federico , Marschall Susan , McFarland Michael , Meziane Hamid , Munoz Fuentes Violeta , Nam Ki-Hoan , Nichtová Zuzana , Pimm Dale , Bower Lynette , Prochazka Jan , Rozman Jan , Santos Luis , Stewart Michelle , Tanaka Nobuhiko , Ward Christopher S. , Willett Amelia M. E. , Wilson Robert , Braun Robert E. , Dickinson Mary E. , Flenniken Ann M. , Herault Yann , Lloyd K. C. Kent , Mallon Ann-Marie , McKerlie Colin , Murray Stephen A. , Nutter Lauryl M. J. , Sedlacek Radislav , Seong Je Kyung , Sorg Tania , Tamura Masaru , Wells Sara , Schneltzer Elida , Fuchs Helmut , Gailus-Durner Valerie , Hrabe de Angelis Martin , White Jacqueline K. , Spielmann Nadine
Published: June 2023

Reference ranges provide a powerful tool for diagnostic decision-making in clinical medicine and are enormously valuable for understanding normality in pre-clinical scientific research that uses in vivo models. As yet, there are no published reference ranges for electrocardiography (ECG) in the laboratory mouse. The first mouse-specific reference ranges for the assessment of electrical conduction are reported herein generated from an ECG dataset of unprecedented scale. International Mouse Phenotyping Consortium data from over 26,000 conscious or anesthetized C57BL/6N wildtype control mice were stratified by sex and age to develop robust ECG reference ranges. Interesting findings include that heart rate and key elements from the ECG waveform (RR-, PR-, ST-, QT-interval, QT corrected, and QRS complex) demonstrate minimal sexual dimorphism. As expected, anesthesia induces a decrease in heart rate and was shown for both inhalation (isoflurane) and injectable (tribromoethanol) anesthesia. In the absence of pharmacological, environmental, or genetic challenges, we did not observe major age-related ECG changes in C57BL/6N-inbred mice as the differences in the reference ranges of 12-week-old compared to 62-week-old mice were negligible. The generalizability of the C57BL/6N substrain reference ranges was demonstrated by comparison with ECG data from a wide range of non-IMPC studies. The close overlap in data from a wide range of mouse strains suggests that the C57BL/6N-based reference ranges can be used as a robust and comprehensive indicator of normality. We report a unique ECG reference resource of fundamental importance for any experimental study of cardiac function in mice.