bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Two Different Applications of Class II Elastics with Nonextraction Segmental Techniques
Authors: Uzel Aslihan , Uzel Ilter , Toroglu M. Serdar
Published: May 2007

Objective: To evaluate the relative effects of Class II elastics applied directly with utility arches (UAs) or with the Reciprocal Mini–Chin Cup (RMCC) appliance.

Materials and Methods: Thirty patients with Class II division 1 malocclusion were included. Fifteen of them were treated with the RMCC appliance and the other 15 treated with Class II elastics on UAs. Lateral cephalograms of an additional 15 untreated persons having the same characteristics as the treatment groups were used as a control group.

Results: The mean control period was 10 months. Class I molar and canine relationships were achieved in a mean treatment time of 4.6 months with the RMCC appliance and in 8.5 months with the elastics on UAs. The amount of overjet reduction was 4.7 mm in the RMCC group (87.87% dental) and 5.2 mm in the UA group (80.76% dental). The molar correction was 4.5 mm in the RMCC group (87.36% dental) and 2.0 mm in the UA group (51.47% dental). The anterior lower facial height increased in both of the treatment groups.

Conclusions: The RMCC appliance is a valuable alternative for Class II elastic use in Class II cases in which the upper molars need to be moved to the distal more than the upper incisors.
Double Transmigration and Hyperdontia
Authors: Camilleri Simon
Published: May 2007

Transmigrated teeth are rare, though reports have increased with the advent of panoramic radiography. Ectopic eruption of canines and other dental anomalies as retained deciduous teeth and supernumerary teeth have a genetic etiology and may be linked. A case report is presented which exhibits transmigration of both a mandibular canine and lateral incisor as well as the presence of a supplemental premolar and retained deciduous molar roots. The possible etiology of these abnormalities is discussed.
Skeletal Open Bite Correction with Rapid Molar Intruder Appliance in Growing Individuals
Authors: Çinsar Alev , Alagha Amir Rahimi , Akyalçın Sercan
Published: May 2007

Objective: To determine the dentofacial effects of a fixed functional appliance, the rapid molar intruder (RMI).

Materials and Methods: One control group (n = 10) and two study groups (n = 10 each) were formed. The first experimental group consisted of growing children in the mixed dentition period who received RMI therapy alone. The second experimental group consisted of growing children in the early permanent dentition period who received both RMI and fixed appliance (edgewise) therapy together. Mean changes for the measurements for each group were evaluated by the Wilcoxon signed rank test. Comparisons of the mean changes between the groups were made by the Kruskal-Wallis test.

Results: Open bite correction was achieved by counterclockwise rotation of the mandible as a consequence of redirecting growth in both treatment groups. The ANB angle decreased significantly (P < .05). Significant decreases were also noted for vertical skeletal characteristics in both treatment groups (P < .05). Molar intrusion was statistically significant for both maxillary and mandibular first molars (P < .05) in both treatment groups.

Conclusions: The RMI appliance provided effective bite closure and favorable dentofacial changes for nonsurgical open bite treatment in growing patients. It was concluded that this method could be regarded as a safe and noncompliance alternative for early intervention of skeletal open bite correction.
Long-term Anteroposterior and Vertical Maxillary Changes in Skeletal Class II Patients Treated with Slow and Rapid Maxillary Expansion
Authors: Lima Filho Roberto M. A. , Ruellas Antonio C. O.
Published: May 2007

Objective: To evaluate a 10-year follow-up of anteroposterior and vertical maxillary changes in skeletal Class II patients treated with slow and rapid maxillary expansion methods.

Materials and Methods: The sample consisted of 70 patients divided into two groups: (1) treated with a cervical headgear with expansion of the inner bow (CHG) and (2) using a Haas-type rapid maxillary expansion appliance in conjunction with cervical headgear (RME-CHG). The CHG group consisted of 40 patients (18 males and 22 females; average age 10.6 years at pretreatment [T1], 13.6 years at posttreatment [T2], and 23.6 years at postretention [T3]). The RME-CHG group consisted of 30 patients (14 males and 16 females; average age 10.4 years at T1, 14.0 years at T2, and 24.6 years at T3). The profiles of SNA and SN-PP angles showed no significant differences in either group at T1, T2, and T3 phases.

Results: For the entire sample, the profile analysis between the phases showed reduction in the SNA angle from T1–T2 and an increase from T2–T3. The SN-PP angle showed an increase from T1–T2 and a decrease from T2–T3. Treatment of skeletal Class II patients with slow and rapid maxillary expansions was efficient and stable over the long-term.

Conclusions: The profiles of SNA and SN-PP at T1, T2, and T3 achieved with slow and rapid maxillary expansions were clinically equivalent.
Mandibular Behavior with Slow and Rapid Maxillary Expansion in Skeletal Class II Patients
Authors: Lima Filho Roberto M. A. , Ruellas Antonio Carlosde Oliveira
Published: May 2007

Objective: To evaluate anteroposterior and vertical mandibular changes in skeletal Class II patients treated with slow or rapid maxillary expansions at 10-year follow-up.

Materials and Methods: The sample consisted of 70 patients divided into two groups, treated with (1) a cervical headgear (CHG) with expansion of the inner bow or (2) a Haas-type rapid maxillary expansion (RME) appliance in conjunction with CHG (RME-CHG). The CHG group consisted of 40 patients (18 males and 22 females, with an average age of 10.6 years at pretreatment [T1], 13.6 years at posttreatment [T2], and 23.6 years at postretention [T3]), and the RME-CHG group consisted of 30 patients (14 males and 16 females with an average age of 10.4 years at T1, 14.0 years at T2, and 24.6 years at T3).

Results: The profiles of SNB, B-Hor, and Pog-Hor showed significant increases for all treatment phases in both groups. The SN-Go-Gn angle showed no significant decrease from T1 to T2 and a significant decrease from T2 to T3.

Conclusions: For the entire sample (CHG + RME-CHG) the profile analysis between the phases showed mean increases in B-Ver and Pog-Ver for both phases.
Prevalence of Ectopic Eruption, Impaction, Retention and Agenesis of the Permanent Second Molar
Authors: Bondemark Lars , Tsiopa Jola
Published: May 2007

Objective: To elucidate the prevalence of ectopic eruption, impaction, and primary and secondary retention as well as agenesis of the permanent second molar (M2) among adolescents.

Materials and Methods: After a sample size calculation, dental records, including radiographs, of 1543 patients (722 girls and 821 boys), from three clinics in the city of Malmoe, Sweden, were retrospectively analyzed. Series of annual records and radiographs were examined for all patients from 10 to 16 years of age and were carried out during 2004–2006. The prevalence of ectopic eruption, impaction, and primary and secondary retention as well as agenesis of M2s was registered in a standardized manner and according to preset definitions. In addition, the times of emergence of the M2s were recorded.

Results: The prevalence of ectopic eruption of M2 was 1.5%, the prevalence of primary retention was 0.6%, and the prevalence of impaction was 0.2%. This means that the overall prevalence of eruption disturbances was 2.3%. In addition, the prevalence of agenesis was 0.8%. The prevalence of ectopic eruption was significantly higher in the mandible. Those patients with eruption disturbances and agenesis of M2 showed significantly delayed eruption of their other M2s compared to the individuals without any eruption disturbances.

Conclusions: The prevalence of eruption disturbances was higher than reported earlier, and, even if the disturbances do not occur frequently, it is important to develop an early diagnosis in order to start the treatment at the optimal time.
Bilateral Asymmetry in the Tooth Relationships of Orthodontic Patients
Authors: Harris Edward F. , Bodford Katherine
Published: May 2007

Objective: To quantify the nature and extent of bilateral dentoalveolar asymmetries in routine adolescent orthodontic patients.

Materials and Methods: Eight left-right pairs of occlusal dimensions were measured from dental casts (n = 211 subjects) with proportionate samples of class I, II, and III malocclusions.

Results: Directional asymmetry is a subtle, but pervasive feature of the dental arches, with systematically larger dimensions on the left side. Prior studies attribute this sidedness to compensations for hemispheric laterality. Patient's sex did not influence the magnitude of asymmetry, but patients with class II malocclusion exhibited significantly greater asymmetries, particularly in the anterior segment. Inspection suggests that this is attributable to the lack of coupling and guidance of the teeth between the jaws. There is a significant association between the severity of class II buccal-segment relationship and the extent of left-right asymmetries.

Conclusion: Clinically, these lateralities need to be anticipated, particularly in class II malocclusions, and incorporated into the treatment plan.
Orthodontic Treatment of a Patient with Stickler Syndrome
Authors: Suda Naoto , Handa Sachiko , Higashihori Norihisa , Ogawa Takuya , Tsuji Michiko , Ohyama Kimie
Published: May 2007

Stickler syndrome (MIM 108300, 604841, 184840) is an autosomal dominant disease characterized by midfacial flattening and variable disorders of vision, hearing and articulation. There are three types of the syndrome caused by mutations in different genes (type 1, COL2A1; type 2, COL11A1; and type 3, COL11A2). About 20% of type 1 patients have cleft palate or bifid uvula, but there have been no case reports of orthodontic treatment of this syndrome so far. The Japanese female patient presented here with Stickler syndrome was characterized by a flat midface and had high myopia, sensorineural hearing loss, enlarged joints, and cleft of the soft palate. She had fairly small SNA and SNB angles and a steep mandibular plane with an enlarged gonial angle. The incisors of both arches were retroclined, and a large overjet and overbite were noted. Orthodontic treatment was initiated at 11 years of age using a lingual arch appliance followed by an edgewise multibracket appliance. Stable functional occlusion was obtained after the treatment. Most of the other seven Stickler syndrome patients exhibited pretreatment characteristics of small SNA and SNB angles, steep mandibular planes, enlarged gonial angles, and retroclined incisors of both arches, demonstrating the characteristic skeletal and occlusal features of this syndrome.
Orthodontic Buccal Tooth Movement by Nickel-Free Titanium-Based Shape Memory and Superelastic Alloy Wire
Authors: Suzuki Akihiro , Kanetaka Hiroyasu , Shimizu Yoshinaka , Tomizuka Ryo , Hosoda Hideki , Miyazaki Shuichi , Okuno Osamu , Igarashi Kaoru , Mitani Hideo
Published: May 2007

Objective: To examine the mechanical properties and the usefulness of titanium-niobium-aluminum (Ti-Nb-Al) wire in orthodontic tooth movement as compared with nickel-titanium (Ni-Ti) wire.

Materials and Methods: The load deflection of expansion springs was gauged with an original jig. The gradient of the superelastic region was measured during the unloading process. Expansion springs comprising the two types of alloy wires were applied to upper first molars of rats. The distance between the first molars was measured with micrometer calipers.

Results: The force magnitude of the Ti-Nb-Al expansion spring was lower than that of the Ni-Ti expansion spring over the entire deflection range. The initial force magnitude and the gradient in the superelastic region of the Ti-Nb-Al expansion springs were half those of the Ni-Ti expansion springs. Thus, Ti-Nb-Al expansion springs generated lighter and more continuous force. Tooth movement in the Ni-Ti group proceeded in a stepwise fashion. On the other hand, tooth movement in the Ti-Nb-Al group showed relatively smooth and continuous progression. At 17 days after insertion of expansion springs, there were no significant differences between the Ti-Nb-Al and Ni-Ti groups in the amount of tooth movement.

Conclusions: These results indicate that Ti-Nb-Al wire has excellent mechanical properties for smooth, continuous tooth movement and suggest that Ti-Nb-Al wire may be used as a practical nickel-free shape memory and superelastic alloy wire for orthodontic treatment as a substitute for Ni-Ti wire.
Microbiological Evaluation of Elastomeric Chains
Authors: Casaccia Giovana Rembowski , Gomes Janaína C. , Alviano Daniela Sales , de Oliveira Ruellas Antonio Carlos , Sant' Anna Eduardo Franzotti
Published: May 2007

Objectives: To evaluate in vitro the surface of elastomeric chains of different manufacturers to verify the presence of pathogenic microorganisms at the moment of unpacking and analyze a possible inhibitory effect of the elastomeric chain when exposed to microorganisms of the oral cavity, for example, Streptococcus mutans, Lactobacillus casei, and Candida albicans.

Materials and Methods: Elastomeric chains from Ortho-Organizers Inc, 3M Unitek, and Dental Morelli were placed in petri plates with brain heart infusion agar medium and in sterile test tubes with brain heart infusion broth. The samples were incubated at 37°C and analyzed at 24 hours, 48 hours, 3 days, and 7 days. In addition, elastomeric chains from the three manufacturers were placed in dishes, inoculated with microorganisms, incubated at 37°C, and analyzed after 24 and 72 hours.

Results: No microorganism growth was detected after all incubation periods. No inhibition zones were identified surrounding the elastomeric chain.

Conclusions: The results suggest that the fabrication of elastomeric chain is in accordance with biohazard concepts. However, careful manipulation is necessary to avoid colonization of pathogenic microorganisms since the composition of the elastomeric chains analyzed do not include antimicrobial agents.
Long-term Efficacy of Reverse Pull Headgear Therapy
Authors: Wells Andrew P. , Sarver David M. , Proffit William R.
Published: May 2007

Objective: To add to the data for long-term reverse pull headgear (RPHG) outcomes and further explore possible variables that could be predictors of long-term failure.

Materials and Methods: Cephalometric radiographs of 41 Class III malocclusion children treated with RPHG (face mask) were evaluated before and immediately after treatment; at 5 years posttreatment; and, for 18 patients, at 10 years posttreatment. Patients were assigned to success or failure groups according to positive or negative overjet at the longest available recall.

Results: Seventy-five percent of the patients maintained positive overjet, whereas 25% outgrew the correction. In a stepwise discriminant analysis, a large mandible and vertical positioning of the maxilla and mandible so that mandibular growth would be projected more horizontally were the major indicators of unfavorable later mandibular growth. Patients who experienced downward-backward rotation of the mandible during RPHG treatment were more likely to be categorized in the failure group. The age at which treatment began had no effect on long-term success and failure for patients younger than 10 years, but the percentage of successful treatment decreased after that age.

Conclusions: When RPHG treatment is used for all but the most obviously prognathic children to correct anterior cross-bite in the early mixed dentition, positive overjet is maintained long-term in 70%–75% of cases, whereas 25%–30% of cases relapse into reverse overjet mainly because of increased horizontally directed and often late mandibular growth. Up to age 10, the time at which RPHG treatment began does not appear to be a major factor in long-term success in maintaining positive overjet.
The Third-Order Angle and the Maxillary Incisor's Inclination to the NA Line
Authors: Knösel Michael , Kubein-Meesenburg Dietmar , Sadat-Khonsari Reza
Published: May 2007

Objective: To evaluate the relationship between the angular measurement data (incisor's long axis to NA line) and the third-order angle (TA) according to Andrews' description.

Materials and Methods: The materials in the study included the lateral radiographs and corresponding dental casts of 32 males and 35 females between 10 and 25 years of age, regardless of their skeletal and dental relationships. All subjects were white and none had undergone orthodontic therapy. Using lateral radiographs, upper and lower incisor angulations were assessed in reference to the NA line. These data were compared with third-order angles derived from direct dental cast measurements, which were performed using an incisor inclination recording appliance.

Results: The third-order angle measurements recorded from the dental casts were a mean of 16.2° (SD = 5.3°) smaller than the axial inclination according to the NA line. In this sample, there was a range of 42.7° for the TA variable (mean = 5.6°, SD = 9.73°) and 47° for the 1NA/deg variable (mean = 21.7°, SD = 8.67°). A highly significant correlation existed (r = 0.84) between Andrews' angle and the inclination estimated in reference to the NA line.

Conclusion: Incisor inclination can be better estimated by recognizing the relationship between the torque angle and the axial inclination referred to the NA line. Third-order measurements using dental casts can offer a simple way to get an objective and rapid vision of the incisor's inclination.
An Evaluation of Buccal Shield Treatment
Authors: Moin Kambiz , Bishara Samir E.
Published: May 2007

Objective: To evaluate the short-term effects of the buccal shield modification of the lip-bumper design and on various mandibular dental arch parameters and to determine whether the changes in arch widths are due to the tipping or bodily movements of the teeth involved.

Materials and Methods: This study included 45 consecutively treated patients (29 girls and 16 boys) from a private orthodontic practice. Student's and paired t-tests were used to test the null hypothesis of no change over time for the various measurements. Linear regression analyses were used to determine whether treatment time was a significant predictor of arch width expansion. Significance for all statistical tests was predetermined at P ≤ .05.

Results: Student's t-test results indicated the presence of a significant (P < .0001) increase in all the arch parameters measured. The greatest mean expansion was observed at the first (5.0 ± 2.2 mm) and second (3.4 ± 2.2 mm) premolar width measurements. The changes in arch width parameters were significantly (P < .0001) greater than the normal age-related changes in the corresponding parameters. There was no significant difference between arch width expansion of the occlusal vs gingival levels, indicating a bodily and not tipping movement. Only 30% of the lower incisors demonstrated an increase in their proclination beyond normal values.

Conclusion: When using the buccal shield appliance, the mandibular arch width parameters can be expanded in the mixed dentition with bodily movement of teeth. The expanded arch width dimensions are greater than what would be expected as a result of normal growth.
Etching Enamel for Orthodontics with an Erbium, Chromium:Yttrium-Scandium-Gallium-Garnet Laser System
Authors: Basaran Güvenç , Özer Törün , Berk Nükhet , Hamamcı Orhan
Published: May 2007

Objective: To test the shear bond strength, surface characteristics, and fracture mode of brackets that are bonded to enamel etched with an erbium, chromium:yttrium-scandium-gallium-garnet (Er,Cr:YSGG) laser operated at different power outputs: 0.5 W, 1 W, and 2 W.

Materials and Methods: Human premolars that had been extracted for orthodontic purposes were used. Enamel was etched with an Er,Cr:YSGG laser system operated at one of three power outputs or with orthophosphoric acid.

Results: The shear bond strength associated with the 0.5-W laser irradiation was significantly less than the strengths obtained with the other irradiations. Both the 1-W and 2-W laser irradiations were capable of etching enamel in the same manner. This finding was confirmed by scanning electron microscopy examination. The evaluation of adhesive-remnant-index scores demonstrated no statistically significant difference in bond failure site among the groups, except for the 0.5-W laser–etched group. Generally, more adhesive was left on the enamel surface with laser irradiation than with acid etching.

Conclusion: The mean shear bond strength and enamel surface etching obtained with an Er,Cr: YSGG laser (operated at 1 W or 2 W for 15 seconds) is comparable to that obtained with acid etching.
Trunk Inclination, Pelvic Tilt and Pelvic Rotation in Relation to the Craniofacial Morphology in Adults
Authors: Lippold Carsten , Danesh Gholamreza , Hoppe Gloria , Drerup Burkhard , Hackenberg Lars
Published: May 2007

Objective: To relate the differences in the posture of patients with different craniofacial morphologies.

Subjects and Methods: Fifty-three adult patients with Class II and III malformations were examined by cephalometric analysis and rasterstereography. The facial depth, maxillary position, mandibular plane angle, inner gonial angle, facial axis, and lower facial height were evaluated and classified into a basal distal–mesial group and a horizontal-vertical group by means of threshold parameters. Analyzing the results of the rasterstereography, the spine's lateral perpendicular deviation, the pelvic tilt, and the pelvic rotation were calculated by means of mathematical algorithms on the basis of the three-dimensional spine profile. To determine the statistically significant correlations between the studied parameters, the t-test was applied in groups with a normal distribution, and the Mann-Whitney U-test was used in the cases of abnormally distributed variables (significance level P < .05).

Results: Statistically significant differences (P < .05) in pelvic torsion were documented with respect to the facial axis and facial depth. Moreover, the differences (P < .05) between patients with a skeletal horizontal-vertical facial axis and patients with a basal distal–mesial position for the facial depth could be determined for the pelvic torsion.

Conclusions: As a clinical consequence of the results, an extension of the interdisciplinary concepts within the sense of an orthopedic examination can be considered for patients undergoing a combined orthodontic-operative therapy.
Effects of Interferon-Gamma on Bone Remodeling during Experimental Tooth Movement
Authors: Mermut Sila , Bengi Ali Osman , Akin Erol , Kürkçü Mehmet , Karaçay Şeniz
Published: May 2007

Objective: To determine the effects of interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) on bone remodeling during orthodontic tooth movement.

Materials and Methods: Thirty adult male Sprague Dawley rats were randomly categorized into five groups. IFN-γ was administered in three different doses (0.01, 0.02, and 0.05 μg/20 μL) and the remaining two groups served as control. Mandibular first molars were moved mesially by means of Ni-Ti closed coil springs in all groups. The results were evaluated histomorphometrically, and parameters of trabecular bone volume (BV/TV), trabecular bone number (Tr.N), and trabecular separation (Tr.Sep) were observed at the interradicular bone area of the mandibular first molars.

Results: Increases in BV/TV and Tr.N and decreases in Tr.Sep revealed the antiosteoclastic activity of IFN-γ.

Conclusion: IFN-γ administration may be useful clinically for anchorage control.
Reactivity and stability of Co‐Ni/Al2O3 oxygen carrier in multicycle CLC
Authors: Hossain Mohammad M. , de Lasa Hugo I.
Published: May 2007

This study deals with the development of a bimetallic Co‐Ni/Al2O3 oxygen carrier suitable for a fluidized bed chemical‐looping combustion process. Temperature programmed characterization shows that the addition of Co enhances the reducibility of the oxygen carrier by influencing the metal‐support interactions helping the formation of reducible nickel species. Reactive characterization of the prepared oxygen carriers in a CREC fluidized riser simulator, using multiple reduction/oxidation cycles, demonstrates that the Co‐Ni/Al2O3 particles display excellent reactivity and stability. The addition of Co in the bimetallic Co‐Ni/Al2O3 influences the state of the surface minimizing the formation of nickel aluminate. The addition of Co also inhibits metal particle agglomeration by maintaining consistent metal dispersion during the cyclic oxidation/reduction processes. A solid‐state kinetics for both reduction and oxidation cycles is established using a clarified Avrami‐Erofeev model at nonisothermal conditions. This random nucleation model describes solid phase changes adequately. The activation energy for Co‐Ni/Al2O3 reduction is found to be significantly lower than the activation energy for the unpromoted Ni/Al2O3 sample, with this observation confirming the positive influence of adding Co on the Ni‐Al2O3 oxygen carrier. © 2007 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2007
Consequences of diagnostic delays in type 1 Gaucher disease: The need for greater awareness among Hematologists–Oncologists and an opportunity for early diagnosis and intervention
Authors: Mistry Pramod K. , Sadan Sara , Yang Ruhua , Yee John , Yang Mei
Published: May 2007

Gaucher disease (GD) is a progressive macrophage lipidosis capable of causing disabling and life‐threatening complications. Anecdotal experiences suggest that GD may go undiagnosed for many years, leading to severe complications that are preventable or reversible by enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) with imiglucerase. We conducted surveys of patients and Hematology–Oncology specialists to assess the frequency of diagnostic delays. Additionally, we report a series of patients who suffered diagnostic delays and as a result developed disabilities including potentially life‐threatening manifestations of GD. Of 136 patients surveyed, the average time from first appearance of GD symptoms to final diagnosis was 48.7 ± 123.6 months. More than two‐thirds were evaluated and managed by a Hematologist–Oncologist (Hem–Onc). A global survey of 406 Hem–Oncs found that only 20% considered GD in the differential diagnosis for all of its classic symptoms (cytopenia, hepatosplenomegaly, bone pain); the diagnosis considered most likely included leukemia, lymphoma, and multiple myeloma. To illustrate actual consequences of diagnostic delays, we describe 14 patients with GD who suffered from symptoms for up to 10 years before correct diagnosis. Diagnostic delays led to complications that are preventable or reversible with ERT (i.e., avascular necrosis, severe bleeding, chronic bone pain, life‐threatening sepsis, pathologic fractures, growth failure, liver pathology). Patients homozygous for N370S mutation in this series were vulnerable to diagnostic delays. In conclusion, prolonged diagnostic delays occur in GD and may result in severe disease manifestations. Our findings suggest that physician education will increase the likelihood of prompt detection of GD and improve its management with ERT with imiglucerase when indicated. Am. J. Hematol., 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Molecular basis of antithrombin deficiency in four Japanese patients with antithrombin gene abnormalities including two novel mutations
Authors: Kyotani Mayu , Okumura Kaoru , Takagi Akira , Murate Takashi , Yamamoto Koji , Matsushita Tadashi , Sugimura Motoi , Kanayama Naohiro , Kobayashi Takao , Saito Hidehiko , Kojima Tetsuhito
Published: May 2007

We analyzed the antithrombin (AT) gene in four unrelated Japanese patients with an AT deficiency, and individually identified four distinct mutations in the heterozygous state. There were two novel mutations, 2417delT leading to a frameshift with a premature termination at amino acid –3 (FS‐3Stop) and C2640T resulting in a missense mutation (Ala59Val). Previously reported mutations, T5342C (Ser116Pro) and T72C (Met‐32Thr), were also found in the other two patients. To understand the molecular basis responsible for the AT deficiency in these patients, in vitro expression experiments were performed using HEK293 cells transfected with either wild type or respective mutant AT expression vector. We found that –3Stop‐AT and –32Thr‐AT were not secreted into the culture media, whereas 116Pro‐AT and 59Val‐AT were secreted normally. We further studied the heparin cofactor activity and the binding to heparin of each recombinant AT molecule. Ser116Pro mutation significantly impaired the binding affinity to heparin resulting in a reduced heparin cofactor activity. In contrast, we found that Ala59Val mutant AT unexpectedly showed a normal affinity to heparin, but severely impaired the heparin cofactor activity. Our findings suggested that FS‐3Stop and Met‐32Thr mutations are responsible for type I AT deficiency, whereas Ser116Pro and Ala59Val mutations contribute to type II AT deficiency, confirming that there were diverse molecular mechanisms of AT deficiency depend upon discrete AT gene abnormalities as reported previously. Am. J. Hematol., 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Synthesis of glutathione‐capped CdS quantum dots and preliminary studies on protein detection and cell fluorescence image
Authors: Jiang Cha , Xu Shukun , Yang Dongzhi , Zhang Fenghua , Wang Wenxing
Published: May 2007

A series of glutathione (GSH)‐capped aqueous CdS quantum dots (QDs) with strong photoluminescence (PL) were prepared by changing the reaction temperatures and times on the basis of optimization of the mole ratio of S to Cd. The reaction time was shortened to about 1/10 compared with that reported previously by increasing the reaction temperature. The absorption and fluorescence spectra indicated good optical properties with PL full width of half‐maximum (FWHM) of about 100 nm. The excitation spectrum was broad and continuous in the range 200–480 nm. The PL quantum efficiency (QE) of the prepared QDs was about 36% compared with rhodamine 6G (95%). The shape and size of the CdS QDs were characterized using high‐resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM). The prepared QDs were conjugated with bovine serum albumin (BSA) and onion inner pellicle cells and used as fluorescence probes for the first time. The results demonstrated that the fluorescence of CdS can be enhanced by BSA and the enhanced fluorescence intensity is proportional to the concentration of BSA in the range 1.0–10 mg/L. The aggregation of CdS in onion inner pellicle cells and its fluorescence images indicated that the QDs can aggregate around cells soaked for 8 h in CdS solution but enter the interior of cells and become aggregated to the nucleus when they are soaked in CdS solution for longer, e.g. 98 h. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Pattern‐Based Peptide Recognition
Authors: Collins Byron E. , Anslyn Eric V.
Published: May 2007

Nature's use of sensor arrays in the mammalian olfactory and gustatory systems has encouraged supramolecular chemists to take a new approach to molecular recognition. Pattern‐based recognition involves the use of sensor arrays to create fingerprints for analytes. The use of sensing arrays has paved the way for systems capable of identifying biological analytes that would have been difficult targets using the traditional “lock‐and‐key” approach to sensor design.
Wuweizidilactones A–F: Novel Highly Oxygenated Nortriterpenoids with Unusual Skeletons Isolated from Schisandra chinensis
Authors: Huang Sheng‐Xiong , Yang Li‐Bin , Xiao Wei‐Lie , Lei Chun , Liu Jing‐Pin , Lu Yang , Weng Zhi‐Ying , Li Li‐Mei , Li Rong‐Tao , Yu Jun‐Lin , Zheng Qi‐Tai , Sun Han‐Dong
Published: May 2007

A phytochemical study of secondary metabolites produced by Schisandra chinensis has led to the isolation of six novel highly oxygenated nortriterpenoids, wuweizidilactones A–F (1–6). Compounds 3–6 possess an unprecedented 3,4‐seco‐18(13→14)‐abeo‐artane skeleton. Interestingly, structures 3–6 have a β‐oriented methyl group at the C‐14 position. This structural feature corroborates the biogenetic pathway proposed for the formation of 18‐norschiartane‐type compounds 1 and 2. The structures of these novel metabolites were established on the basis of their detailed spectroscopic analysis. The structure of 1 was also confirmed by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction analysis. For the first time, the absolute configuration of these nortriterpenoids was determined by using a modified Mosher method.
Two Polymorphs of Ba3Sn2P4: Single Crystal and Electronic Structures.
Authors: Dong Yongkwan , Ranjan Chinmoy , DiSalvo Francis J.
Published: May 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Crystal Structure of La5Ti4GaO17.
Authors: Titov Y. A. , Belyavina N. M. , Markiv V. Ya. , Slobodyanik M. S. , Chumak V. V. , Yaschuk V. P.
Published: May 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Ce(Au,Sb)2 with UHg2 Structure Type, a New Member of the AlB2 Family.
Authors: Salamakha L. P. , Sologub O. L. , Goncalves A. P. , Mudryi S. I. , Kapustianyk V. B. , Almeida M.
Published: May 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Structural Studies of Keggin‐Type Polyoxotungstates by Extended X‐Ray Absorption Fine Structure Spectroscopy.
Authors: Balula M. Salete S. , Santos Isabel C. M. S. , Gamelas Jose A. F. , Cavaleiro Ana M. V. , Binsted Norman , Schlindwein Walkiria
Published: May 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Existence of a Second Modification of K4SrSi3O9 — X‐Ray Single Crystal Diffraction, Raman Spectroscopical and High Temperature Studies.
Authors: Kahlenberg Volker , Kaindl Reinhard , Sartory Bernhard
Published: May 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Magneto‐Structural Correlation in Cu(NH3)2Ag2(CN)4. Crystal Structure, Magnetic and Thermodynamic Properties of an S = 1/2 Low‐Dimensional Heisenberg Antiferromagnet.
Authors: Vlcek Alexander , Orendac Martin , Orendacova Alzbeta , Kajnakova Marcela , Papageorgiou Thomas , Chomic Jozef , Cernak Juraj , Massa Werner , Feher Alexander
Published: May 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Synthesis and Crystal Structures of α‐, β‐Ba3(PS4)2 and Ba3(PSe4)2.
Authors: Joergens Stefan , Mewis Albrecht
Published: May 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
The Zirconium—Platinum Phase Diagram.
Authors: Stalick J. K. , Waterstrat R. M.
Published: May 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Synthesis and Crystal Structure of Na1‐xGe3+z: A Novel Zeolite‐Like Framework Phase in the Na—Ge System.
Authors: Beekman Matt , Kaduk James A. , Huang Qing , Wong‐Ng Winnie , Yang Zhi , Wang Dongli , Nolas George S.
Published: May 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Metal (Ca, Ba, Sr, Pb) Heptafluorotantalates(V): Synthesis, Raman Spectra and Crystal Structures.
Authors: Bunic Tina , Tramsek Melita , Goreshnik Evgeny , Zemva Boris
Published: May 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Synthesis and Crystal Structure of CaAgBi and BaAg1.837Bi2.
Authors: Sun Zhong‐Ming , Xie Jin‐Yu , Pan Da‐Chun , Mao Jiang‐Gao
Published: May 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
4‐Hydroxyphenylglycine‐Based Oxazaborolidines for Enantioselective Reductions of Ketones.
Authors: Braun Manfred , Sigloch Michael , Cremer Jens
Published: May 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Synthesis of Heterocyclic Compounds via Nucleophilic Aroylation Catalyzed by Imidazolidenyl Carbene.
Authors: Suzuki Yumiko , Toyota Tomonori , Miyashita Akira , Sato Masayuki
Published: May 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Generation and Cyclization of Thiocarbonyl S‐Ylides by Reaction of Diazocompounds with C‐Sulfonyldithioformates.
Authors: Khattab Ahmed F. , Ali Omar M. , El‐Sayed Ibrahim
Published: May 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Synthesis of Diakyl(1‐allyl‐3‐arylprop‐2‐yn‐1‐yl)‐ and Dialkyl(1‐allyl‐3‐alkenylprop‐2‐yn‐1‐yl)amines by the Stevens Rearrangement.
Authors: Chukhadzhyan E. O. , Gevorkyan A. R. , Nalbandyan M. K.
Published: May 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
A Bimetallic Palladium(II) Catalyzed Synthesis of 1,2‐Dibromo Compounds.
Authors: Qaseer H. A.
Published: May 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
A Novel Direct Conversion of Primary Amides to Their Corresponding Methyl Esters.
Authors: Li Liang‐Chun , Ren Jie , Liao Tou‐Gen , Jiang Ju‐Xing , Zhu Hua‐Jie
Published: May 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
A Site‐ and Stereoselective Intermolecular Alkene—Alkyne Coupling Process.
Authors: Reichard Holly A. , Micalizio Glenn C.
Published: May 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Enantioselective Rauhut—Currier Reactions Promoted by Protected Cysteine.
Authors: Aroyan Carrie E. , Miller Scott J.
Published: May 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Easily Accessible Benzamide‐Derived P,O Ligands (Bphos) for Palladium‐Catalyzed Carbon—Nitrogen Bond‐Forming Reactions.
Authors: Chen Guoshu , Lam Wai Har , Fok Wai Shan , Lee Hang Wai , Kwong Fuk Yee
Published: May 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Organometallic Ruthenium Complexes: Application in the Olefination of Carbonyl Compounds.
Authors: Pedro Filipe M. , Santos Ana M. , Baratta Walter , Kuehn Fritz E.
Published: May 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Chemistry of Diazocarbonyl Compounds. Part 28. Reaction of Acyclic N‐Arylsulfonylacetamides with Rh(II)‐Carbenoids as a New Synthetic Route to Alkyl Acetimidoates.
Authors: Selivanova A. V. , Nikolaev V. V. , Kostikov R. R. , Nikolaev V. A. , Siler J. , Schulze B.
Published: May 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Scope and Limitations of HClO4—SiO2 as an Extremely Efficient, Inexpensive, and Reusable Catalyst for Chemoselective Carbon—Sulfur Bond Formation.
Authors: Khatik Gopal L. , Sharma Gaurav , Kumar Raj , Chakraborti Asit K.
Published: May 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Unexpected Regiospecific Reactivity of a Substituted Phthalic Anhydride.
Authors: Petersson Maria J. , Marchal Camille , Loughlin Wendy A. , Jenkins Ian D. , Healy Peter C. , Almesaaker Ann
Published: May 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Synthesis of Hydroxy, Epoxy, Nitrato and Methoxy Derivatives of Tetralins and Naphthalenes.
Authors: Erenler Ramazan , Demirtas Ibrahim , Buyukkidan Bulent , Cakmak Osman
Published: May 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Perfluorinated Sulfonic Acid Resin (Nafion‐H) Catalyzed trans‐t‐Butylation of 7‐t‐Butyl‐1,3‐disubstituted Pyrenes: A New Route for the Preparation of 1,3‐Disubstituted Pyrenes.
Authors: Yamato Takehiko , Hu Jian‐yong
Published: May 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Photoreaction of Some 5‐Alkylidene‐2,5‐dihydroisoxazoles: Facile Construction of Novel Unclassical β‐Lactam Containing Heterocycles.
Authors: Donati Donato , Fusi Stefania , Ponticelli Fabio , Paccani Riccardo Rossi , Adamo Mauro F. A.
Published: May 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Catalytic, Asymmetric Synthesis of α‐Phenoxy‐β‐aryl‐β‐lactams.
Authors: Huang Yazhong , Calter Michael A.
Published: May 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
A Consecutive Approach Towards the Stereoselective Synthesis of Trisubstituted THF Domains.
Authors: Sagar Ram , Reddy L. Vijaya Raghava , Saquib Mohammad , Kumar Brijesh , Shaw Arun K.
Published: May 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Rhodium‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Cyclodimerization of Oxa‐ and Azabicyclic Alkenes.
Authors: Nishimura Takahiro , Kawamoto Takahiro , Sasaki Keigo , Tsurumaki Eiji , Hayashi Tamio
Published: May 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Regioselective Oxidation of Isoxazolidines to Ketonitrones.
Authors: Iwamoto Osamu , Sekine Miyuki , Koshino Hiroyuki , Nagasawa Kazuo
Published: May 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Comparison of the Reactivity Between 2‐ and 3‐Nitropyrroles in Cycloaddition Reactions. A Simple Indole Synthesis.
Authors: Della Rosa Claudia , Kneeteman Maria , Mancini Pedro
Published: May 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
TiCl4‐Promoted Synthesis of Benzimidazole Derivatives.
Authors: Nagawade Rahul R. , Shinde Devanand B.
Published: May 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Conjugated Addition of Bis(oxazolinyl)zinc to Substituted 2‐Nitrovinyl Benzenes: An Alternative Synthesis of (.+‐.)‐Rolipram.
Authors: Oliveira Alfredo R. M. , Villar Jose A. F. P. , Simonelli Fabio , Gariani Rogerio A. , Wosch Celso L. , Zarbin Paulo H. G.
Published: May 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Silica Supported Chromium Trioxide: Microwave‐Promoted Oxidative Ring Closure of α‐Cyano‐β‐thioenaminones to Isothiazoles.
Authors: Mishra Manisha , Mahalanabis Kumar K.
Published: May 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Studies on Dehydro‐D‐erythro‐Ascorbic Acid 2‐Arylhydrazone 3‐Oximes: Conversion into Substituted Triazoles and Isoxazolones.
Authors: El Sekily Mohamed A.
Published: May 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
The Reaction of (N‐Isocyanimino)triphenylphosphorane with Benzoic Acid Derivatives: A Novel Synthesis of 2‐Aryl‐1,3,4‐oxadiazole Derivatives.
Authors: Souldozi Ali , Ramazani Ali
Published: May 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Montmorillonite Clay Catalyzed Hetero‐Diels—Alder Reaction of 2,3‐Dimethyl‐1,3‐butadiene with Benzaldehydes.
Authors: Dintzner Matthew R. , Little Andrew J. , Pacilli Massimo , Pileggi Dominic J. , Osner Zachary R. , Lyons Thomas W.
Published: May 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Aqueous [bmim][BF4] as Green Solvent in Microwave‐Assisted Organic Reactions: Clean Synthesis of 1H‐Benzo[f]chromene Derivatives.
Authors: Wen Xin‐Min , Wang Hui‐Yun , Li Shu‐Ling
Published: May 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
A Rapid Access to Indolo[2,1‐a]pyrrolo[4′,3′:4,5]pyrano[5,6‐c]coumarin/[6,5‐c]chromone Derivatives by Domino Knoevenagel Intramolecular Hetero Diels—Alder Reactions.
Authors: Manian Rathna Durga R. S. , Jayashankaran Jayadevan , Raghunathan Raghavachary
Published: May 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.