bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
In Vivo Challenge Trials with Dietary Antiparasitics Reveal New Insights into the Practical Use of Fenbendazole against Sparicotyle chrysophrii (Monogenea) Infection in Sparus aurata (Teleostei)
Authors: Merella Paolo , Montero Francisco Esteban , Parma Luca , Morsiani Lorenzo , Cerri Roberto , Di Biase Andrea , Polinas Marta , Murgia Claudio , Antuofermo Elisabetta , Garippa Giovanni
Published: June 2024

The microcotylid Sparicotyle chrysophrii is one of the most harmful parasites for the aquaculture of the gilthead seabream Sparus aurata, for which effective treatments are needed. The efficacy of dietary praziquantel (PZQ, 30–50 mg kg body weight−1 day−1), emamectin benzoate (EMB, 0.015–0.050 mg kg BW−1 day−1), and fenbendazole (FBZ, 40–75 mg kg BW−1 day−1) against S. chrysophrii on gilthead seabream was tested in four different in vivo challenge trials. Specimens of gilthead seabream naturally infected with S. chrysophrii were maintained in three separate recirculating aquaculture systems of 142 L (1 control vs. 2 treated). Fish were fed (ration 1.2% BW day−1) 5 days a week for 4 weeks, alternating weeks with medicated and control feed. On days 0, 14, and 28, samples of 7–9 fish per group were collected and the gills were examined for S. chrysophrii. The gills of hosts treated with EMB and FBZ were evaluated by histopathology. The trials showed that in‐feed PZQ has low palatability, causing rejection which did not allow its efficacy to be adequately investigated. While dietary EMB was associated with adverse effects, such as gill de‐epithelialisation and necrosis, with no demonstrated efficacy against S. chrysophrii. On the other hand, all the fish treated with FBZ lost all parasites, showing 100% efficacy and also suggesting a preventive/repellent action against the monogenean. In conclusion, the present study provides indications for the use of dietary FBZ as a medical device for the treatment/prophylaxis of sparicotylosis in aquaculture.
A q‐Rung Orthopair Fuzzy Set Extension of the DEMATEL and Its Application in the Education Sector
Authors: Revalde Helen , Almerino Porferio , Rodriguez Michelle , Hortelano Pamela , Revalde Mylen , Chan Catherine , Sabellano Sherwin Kenneth , Sevare Genelyn , Fortela Jennefer , Cacha Lorna , Manos Maria Lizel , Mateo Procila , Evangelista Samantha Shane , Aro Joerabell Lourdes , Maturan Fatima , Atibing Nadine May , Ocampo Lanndon
Published: June 2024

The need to address the impediments to teaching numeracy in early childhood education necessitates a comprehensive approach, as an evident lack of exploration of impediments and their intertwined relationships exists in the domain literature. Thus, this work advances such agenda by utilizing the decision‐making trial and evaluation laboratory (DEMATEL) approach with q‐rung orthopair fuzzy sets (q‐ROFSs), referred to as q‐ROF‐DEMATEL. Unlike other fuzzy set extensions, q‐ROFS offers a larger decision space, providing the capability to handle information with greater ambiguity. The proposed q‐ROF‐DEMATEL is applied to identify the critical factors impeding effective instruction of numeracy skills to early childhood learners. The findings suggest that the prominent impediments include inadequate teaching time, lack of teaching knowledge, and underestimation of learners’ knowledge. Moreover, among the identified impediments, the lack of teaching knowledge emerges as the key impediment, while language barriers, inadequate teaching time, and lack of educational resources are identified as minor key impediments. These findings could guide decision makers in academic institutions to allocate resources effectively, pool human resources strategically, and develop appropriate strategies to augment teaching numeracy. Investing in professional development opportunities, incorporating visual representations and culturally relevant materials, and seeking community partnerships for resources are some recommended initiatives to address these challenges. Insights for future work were outlined.
An Efficient Elliptic Curve Cryptography‐Based Secure Communication with Privacy Preserving for Autonomous Vehicle
Authors: Xiao Jiongen , Liu Yi , Zou Yi , Li Dacheng , Leng Tao
Published: June 2024

Internet of Vehicles can improve driving and riding experience, provide information needs, reduce environmental pollution, and improve transportation efficiency, thereby promoting the rapid development and application of intelligent transportation. Especially through the advantages of the rapidity of information exchange and the flexibility of real‐time data processing, an autonomous vehicle can provide barrier‐free, safe, and sustainable transportation. At present, the rapid progress of the Internet of Things has promoted the continuous development of a fully autonomous vehicle. However, the autonomous vehicle network uses wireless communication technology, and the openness of its communication channel makes the communication process vulnerable to various security attacks. Therefore, this paper proposes a practical and efficient secure communication in the autonomous vehicle. This scheme utilizes elliptic curve cryptography, which can protect the security of multiparty communication between vehicle, cloud server, and user with lower computation and communication overhead. This paper provides security verification for the scheme by using Scyther. An informal security analysis shows that this scheme can resist multiple attacks. Through a comparative analysis and performance evaluation of the schemes, we found that the scheme improves security while maintaining efficiency.
Effects of Filled Nano‐Al2O3 and Its Contents on Friction and Wear Properties of Hydrogenated Nitrile Butadiene Rubber
Authors: Tan Xinyang , Liu Zenghui
Published: June 2024

A new hydrogenated nitrile butadiene rubber (HNBR) material filled with silane‐modified nano‐Al2O3 is developed in this work. Influence of the nano‐Al2O3 and its contents on friction and wear performances of the HNBR materials is investigated. The nano‐Al2O3 particles with different contents are added into the HNBR composites. Then, friction and wear tests are conducted using a pin‐on‐disk tribometer. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) is used to observe wear topography of the HNBR composite surfaces. Attenuated total reflection–Fourier transform infrared (ATR–FTIR) spectroscopy is used to investigate mechanism of nano‐Al2O3 reinforcing HNBR. Results show that the filled nano‐Al2O3 and its contents significantly affect friction and wear performances. Presence of the nano‐Al2O3 obviously decreases friction coefficient and volume wear rate. Friction coefficient and volume wear rate of the composites reduce initially with the increase of nano‐Al2O3 content and then increase with further increasing the nano‐Al2O3 content. The HNBR material filled by the nano‐Al2O3 with the content of 15 phr shows better antifriction and wear performances. SEM results indicate that the HNBR material filled by the nano‐Al2O3 of 15 phr presents the best topography of wear surface compared with the HNBR materials filled by other nano‐Al2O3 contents in this study. ATR–FTIR results show that mechanism of the nano‐Al2O3 reinforcing HNBR for wear resistance is due to the graft reaction between the modified nano‐Al2O3 and HNBR to form cross‐linking networks around the Al2O3 nanoparticles, and self‐polymerization of unsaturated groups on the surface of the nano‐Al2O3 to form interpenetrating polymer networks with the HNBR molecular main chains.
Structural Health Monitoring System for a Complicated Long‐Span Continuous Girder Bridge: Implementation and Demonstration
Authors: Wang Zhi-Wen , Xu Lie-Ping , Ding You-Liang , You Run-Zhou , Zhu Jian-Bin , Shan Sha
Published: June 2024

The Dongbao River Xin’an Bridge is the first hybrid continuous girder bridge with corrugated steel webs in China. To assess its service conditions and guarantee its safe operation, a continuous structural health monitoring (SHM) system is designed in this paper. The SHM system consists of a sensor system, a data acquisition and transmission system, and a data processing and control system. The measurement parameters, including vehicle loads, temperature, deformation, strain, and acceleration, are determined, and a detailed sensor layout is given based on the mechanical characteristics of the bridge. The SHM system adopts a bus gateway and an IP modem to collect and transmit sensor data. Monitoring data from October 9, 2022, to March 16, 2023, were analyzed. The probability distributions of the daily maximum temperature differences and vehicle loads are reconstructed. The correlation of girder deflection and strain with ambient temperature has been demonstrated. The identification and tracking of modal parameters are implemented. The results show that the maximum deflection is within the threshold range and that the modal parameters are basically stable. All the results demonstrate the healthy structural condition of the bridge and the excellent working performance of the SHM system. The collected data provide scientific guidance for the performance evaluation of the Dongbao River Xin’an Bridge and the optimized design of similar bridges.
External Cervical Resorption Detected by Cone Beam Computed Tomography on an Immature, Unerupted Maxillary Second Premolar
Authors: Berrigan Karen , Gettleman Bradly , Rao Sabita , Jordan Janet , Stieg Mark , Johns Lawrence
Published: June 2024

Root resorption is a commonly recognized risk of orthodontic treatment and can range from minimal changes at the apex to aggressive and extensive erosion of tooth structure. The following report is aimed at presenting a rare case of idiopathic aggressive preeruptive root resorption in a maxillary second premolar of a young child prior to orthodontic force. During phase I orthodontic treatment, the maxillary premolar required surgical exposure with a bracket and chain to assist in its eruption. Before the exposure, a cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) was captured to aid in localizing the premolar and its relationship to vital structures. In addition to identifying relevant anatomy, the image also revealed an incidental finding of extensive external cervical root resorption. The risks, benefits, prognosis, and alternatives of continuing with surgical exposure of the affected premolar were presented to the guardian. The informed and consented decision was made to continue with the exposure and subsequent orthodontic treatment to align the tooth in the arch. Upon eruption to the occlusal plane, the tooth was amenable to endodontic pulp vitality testing, Endo Ice, and a follow‐up CBCT. It was determined that there was advanced aggressive progression of the resorptive process. The Patel Classification 3Cd/Class 4 Heithersay ECR diagnosis and a poor prognosis ultimately resulted in the extraction of the tooth. Management of this case highlights a number of important clinical features including the rarity of advanced preeruptive idiopathic external cervical root resorption, a multidisciplinary approach (orthodontic, endodontic, and surgical) to diagnose and manage the ECR, and the importance of prescribing and acquisition of appropriate imaging to aid in the early diagnosis of the entity. This case report will add to the body of knowledge of a rare incidence of advanced ECR on a young patient with a nontraumatized, unerupted maxillary second premolar.
Quo Vadis, Biomass? Long‐Term Scenarios of an Optimal Energetic Use of Biomass for the German Energy Transition
Authors: Meisel Kathleen , Jordan Matthias , Dotzauer Martin , Schröder Jörg , Lenz Volker , Naumann Karin , Cyffka Karl-Friedrich , Dögnitz Niels , Schindler Harry , Daniel-Gromke Jaqueline , de Paiva Gabriel Costa , Schmid Christopher , Szarka Nora , Majer Stefan , Müller-Langer Franziska , Thrän Daniela
Published: June 2024

As one of the renewable resources, biomass is in demand for the transformation of the energy system to achieve climate protection targets. At the same time, the availability of biomass is limited. In this paper, the energy system optimisation model BenOpt is used to determine the optimal use of the limited biomass under different frame conditions (scenario settings) in the future German energy system. Previous energy system studies have summarised available biomass and biomass conversion technologies in a very general way, with little differentiation between biomass types, conversion technology options with their technical parameters, and their applications. In this paper, 20 different groups of biogenic residual and waste materials; 15 types of energy crops grown on limited agricultural land; other biomasses such as algae, paludiculture, and log wood; 111 different bioenergy technologies; and a total of 265 renewable and fossil energy technology options for meeting sector‐specific energy needs are considered. With this focused and differentiated presentation of biomass and biomass conversion technologies in the energy system, the study is a novelty and fills a research gap. In summary, to achieve the climate protection targets, biomass is most cost‐effective in sectors where direct electrification is not possible or only possible on high costs: in high‐temperature industrial applications and in the aviation and shipping sector. In addition, biomass especially biogas is also the cost‐optimal option used in electricity flexibilisation to cover the residual load. In this study, the political decision on the future role on energy crops and thus the availability of biomass has the greatest influence on the results. Depending on whether a sole use of residues and waste biomass or a maximum availability of residues, waste and cultivated biomass is assumed; the bioenergy used comprises a total of approx. 660 PJ to approx. 1,830 PJ.
Biogenic Synthesis of Photosensitive Magnesium Oxide Nanoparticles Using Citron Waste Peel Extract and Evaluation of Their Antibacterial and Anticarcinogenic Potential
Authors: Al Musayeib Nawal M. , Amina Musarat , Maqsood Farah , Bokhary Kholoud A. , Alrashidi Nada S.
Published: June 2024

Background. Magnesium oxide nanoparticles (MgONPs) have been fabricated by several approaches, including green chemistry approach due to diverse application and versatile features. Objectives. The current study aimed to prepare a convenient, biocompatible, and economically viable MgONPs using waste citron peel extract (CP‐MgONPs) to evaluate their biological applications. Methods. The CP‐MgONPs were synthesized by a sustainable approach from extract of waste citron peel both as capping and reducing agents without use of any hazardous material. The physicochemical features of formed CP‐MgONPs were determined by sophisticated analytical and microscopic techniques. The biogenic CP‐MgONPs were examined for their antibacterial, anticarcinogenic, and photocatalytic attributes. Results. A prominent absorption peak in the UV‐Vis spectra at 284 nm was the distinguishing characteristic of the CP‐MgONPs. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) reveals polyhedral morphology of nanoparticles with slight agglomeration of CP‐MgONPs. The CP‐MgONPs exerted excellent antibacterial potencies against six bacterial strains. The CP‐MgONPs displayed significant susceptibility towards E. coli (20.72 ± 0.33 mm) and S. aureus (19.52 ± 0.05 mm) with the highest inhibition zones. The anticancer effect of CP‐MgONPs was evaluated against HepG2 (IC50 : 15.3 μg·mL−1) cancer cells and exhibited potential anticancer activity. A prompt inversion of cellular injury manifested as impairment of the integrity of the cell membrane, apoptosis, and oxidative stress was observed in treated cells with CP‐MgONPs. The biosynthesized CP‐MgONPs also conducted successful photocatalytic potential as much as MgO powder under the UV‐light using acid orange 8 (AO‐8) dye. The degradation performance of CP‐MgONPs showed over 94% photocatalytic degradation efficiency of acid orange 8 (AO‐8) dyes within a short time.​ Conclusions. Outcomes of this research signify that biogenic CP‐MgONPs may be advantageous at low concentrations, with positive environmental impacts.
Impact of Using a Scoring Balloon for Main Branch Predilatation on the Incidence of Side Branch Compromise in Bifurcation Lesion PCI
Authors: Widodo Wishnu Aditya , Putra T. M. Haykal , Aditya Wahyu , Yassiin M. Andi , El Waliy Luly Nur , Soerianata Sunarya , Tan Jack Wei Chieh
Published: June 2024

Background. Side branch (SB) compromise represents a frequent challenge encountered during percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) for bifurcation lesions. Numerous techniques have emerged for predilating the main branch (MB), aiming to mitigate the occurrence of SB compromise. Among these approaches, scoring balloons have gained recognition for their ability to reduce carina shift and migration, consequently lowering the risk of SB compromise. However, the optimal treatment strategy remains a topic of debate. Thus, the current study is designed to investigate and compare effects of using scoring versus nonscoring balloons for MB predilatation on the incidence of SB compromise. Methods. A total of 102 patients who underwent elective PCI were enrolled at Jakarta Heart Center, Jakarta, Indonesia, from July 2022 to July 2023. Patients were randomized into two arms, i.e., scoring balloon predilatation arm (n = 52) and nonscoring balloon predilatation arm (n = 50). Outcome was measured as a composite endpoint of reduced thrombolysis in myocardial infarction (TIMI) flow in SB after MB stenting, SB intervention needed, and new or progressing ostial SB stenosis more than 50% compared to baseline. Results. Both study arms were comparable in various aspects, including gender distribution with a male majority, the predominant involvement of the left anterior descending (LAD) vessel, the presence of minimal to mild calcification, type A lesion, SB diameter, SB angulation, and the use of SB wire protection. In‐depth analysis was conducted that revealed no significant differences between encompassed factors such as TIMI flow, the necessity for SB intervention, new or progression of ostial SB stenosis exceeding 50% when compared to the baseline, as well as the composite endpoint. Furthermore, these confounding factors did not exhibit any association with the incidence of SB compromise. Conclusion. Our study revealed that employing either scoring or nonscoring balloon predilatation in the MB has equivalent effects on SB compromise.
“There’s No Doubt about It, You’ve Got to Maintain Your Family and Friends”: Key Factors for Maintaining Social Participation for Older People Living in the Community
Authors: Clune Samantha , Rayner Jo-Anne , McAuliffe Linda , Fetherstonhaugh Deirdre
Published: June 2024

Social participation in older age has been positively associated with enhanced health and wellbeing. This project examined key aspects of social participation for older people living in the community to identify what was most important for maintaining social participation in the event they transitioned to living in a nursing home. We conducted interviews and focus groups with 36 older people, aged 65 years or older living in the community in Victoria, Australia, between 2020 and 2022. Interview transcripts were analysed thematically. Participants discussed their understanding of the importance of social participation and what helped maintain it. Findings demonstrated the key importance of relationships, both old and new, in maintaining social participation, and to the preservation of a sense of identity. An important facilitator to maintaining relationships was having a physical place to go to interact. Barriers to social participation included diminishing social networks and life transitions. The impacts of the COVID‐19 pandemic were commonly referred to by all participants, outlining the obvious impediments to maintaining relationships (e.g., social isolation associated with lockdowns) and how that affected social participation. Conversely, some participants outlined the positive impact the restrictions had on their connection with friends and family. These perspectives outline the importance of being able to maintain relationships through life transitions, like a pandemic or moving into a nursing home, to optimise opportunities for social participation. Findings from this study will be relevant for aged care providers as they implement services to optimise social participation for older people who transition to living in nursing homes.
Medication Use Among Pregnant Women With SARS‐CoV‐2 Infection and Risk of Hospitalization—A Study in Two Brazilian Hospitals
Authors: Rohweder Ricardo , Pereira Natálya G. , Micheletti Bruna H. , Mosello Jéssica , Campos Júlia R. M. , Pereira Matheus G. , Santos Cristina N. , Simões Natália L. , Matielo Regina L. B. , Bernardes Lisandra S. , Oppermann Maria L. R. , Wender Maria C. O. , Lupattelli Angela , Nordeng Hedvig , Schuler-Faccini Lavinia
Published: June 2024

There is limited evidence about the use of medications among pregnant women with COVID‐19, as well as risk factors for hospitalization due to COVID‐19 in pregnancy. We aimed to describe the use of medications among SARS‐CoV‐2‐positive pregnant women at the time around infection and identify predictors for hospitalization due to COVID‐19 in two hospitals in Brazil. This is a hospital record‐based study among pregnant women with positive SARS‐CoV‐2 tests between March 2020 and August 2022 from two Brazilian hospitals. Characteristics of sociodemographic, obstetrical, and COVID‐19 symptoms were extracted retrospectively. The prevalence use of medications was based on self‐reported use, and this was administered at the hospital. Logistic regression was used to estimate predictors of hospitalization due to COVID‐19. There were 278 pregnant women included in the study, of which 41 (14.7%) required hospitalization due to COVID‐19. The remaining 237 (85.3%) had mild symptoms or were asymptomatic. Most of the women had the infection in the third trimester (n = 149; 53.6%). The most prevalent medications used across all trimesters were analgesics (2.4% to 20.0%), antibacterials (15.0% to 23.1%), and corticosteroids (7.2% to 10.4%). Pre‐ or gestational hypertensive disorder (odds ratio (OR) 4.94, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.65, 14.87) and having at least one dose of vaccine against SARS‐CoV‐2 (OR 0.13, 95% CI 0.04, 0.39) were associated with hospitalization due to COVID‐19. Analgesics, antibacterials, and corticosteroids were the most frequently used medications among pregnant women with COVID‐19. Women with hypertensive disorders have almost a five‐fold increased risk of hospitalization due to COVID‐19. Vaccination was the strongest protective factor for severe COVID‐19. The COVID‐19 vaccination among pregnant women should be promoted, and pregnant women diagnosed with COVID‐19 who have hypertensive disorders should be closely monitored.
Improved CO Selectivity via Anion Exchange Membrane Electrode Assembly‐Type CO2 Electrolysis with an Ionomer‐Coated Zn‐Based Cathode
Authors: Kim Junhyeong , Han Gyeong Ho , Seo Jung Yong , Kang Minji , Seo Myung-gi , Choi Youngheon , Kim Soo Young , Ahn Sang Hyun
Published: June 2024

Zn is a promising electrocatalyst candidate for CO production via CO2 electrolysis because of the moderate binding energy of  ∗COOH intermediate. However, its thermodynamically unstable properties could cause performance degradation, particularly in conventional H‐type electrolysis systems where the electrocatalyst is directly in contact with the electrolyte. Herein, we investigate the unstable characteristics of Zn‐based cathode and suggest employing the anion exchange membrane electrode assembly‐ (AEMEA‐) type CO2 electrolysis system to mitigate the electrolyte effects and enhance the catalytic performance. Unlike the conventional H‐type electrolyzer, an AEMEA‐type electrolyzer with a zero‐gap configuration could mitigate the electrolyte effects on the cathode, thereby suppressing surface oxidation of the Zn‐based cathode during the electrochemical reaction. Furthermore, the anion exchange ionomer layer on the cathode provides numerous ion pathways between catalyst and membrane interfaces and increases catalyst utilization that enhances the activity and selectivity for CO production via CO2 electrolysis. The above results suggest the breakthrough of using unstable materials as a catalyst for CO2 electrolysis and achieving reasonable performance.
Study on the Diffusion Law of Fluidized Filling Gangue Slurry in Goaf of Coal Mine Underground
Authors: Wei Baoning , Huang Qingxiang , Zhuang Dengdeng , Cao Xin , Hui Bo , Zuo Xiao , Zhu Mengbo
Published: June 2024

In response to the challenge posed by the limited capacity of postmining paste and original waste filling mining technology for small‐scale waste rock treatment, which is incompatible with the requirements of modern high‐yield mines producing millions of tons, fluidized filling mining technology in goaf presents a sustainable and environmentally friendly solution. This innovative method effectively addresses the balance between mining and filling operations while enabling large‐scale waste rock management in coal mines. This article presents a model for predicting the spatial morphology of goaf and employs theoretical calculations to determine the residual space left after goaf caving. It unveils the fluidization filling approach for goaf caving, utilizing a “high‐ and low‐level collaborative filling” strategy and taking advantage of various types of residual spaces within cavities and voids. Experimental investigations into gangue slurry diffusion in the goaf reveal insights into its diffusion patterns along three directions: horizontal, inclined, and vertical. The analysis also establishes correlations between porosity, space utilization rate, and the Talbol index. Furthermore, the research identifies the flow characteristics of fluidized filling slurry as consistent with the Bingham fluid behavior. A calculation formula for determining the diffusion radius of the filling slurry within cracks is provided. The study highlights four distinct flow stages in the process: stable laminar diffusion, transition from advection to turbulence, turbulence, and stoppage. To validate these findings, COMSOL simulation software is employed to simulate and analyze the diffusion patterns of gangue slurry within the goaf. The research outcomes offer valuable theoretical insights into the postgangue fluidization goaf filling technology and serve as a technical reference for the design of coal‐based solid waste fluidization filling processes.
Continuous Motion Modeling and Analysis of a New 2UPR‐PRS Mechanism with Variable Rotation Axis
Authors: Shen Feiyang , Hu Xueting , Wang Hanyan , Yang Shuofei
Published: June 2024

Since parallel mechanisms (PMs) have good stiffness, accuracy, and dynamic characteristics, a large number of PMs have been invented recently. A few kinds of them are found to have excellent performances, and one kind is two‐rotational and one‐translational (2R1T) PM. The existing research on 2R1T PMs shows that this kind of mechanism has outstanding rotational properties and a well‐translational workspace. Many 2R1T mechanisms with good performances have been proposed, among which the typical ones are 3PRS, 2UPR‐SPR, and 3UPS‐UP. Based upon the existing 2R1T mechanisms, a new 2R1T mechanism, 2UPR‐PRS, is proposed and analyzed in this paper, which combines PRS and UPR chains, respectively, from 3PRS and 2UPR‐SPR together. In this way, the high stiffness provided by the PRS chain and the variable rotational characteristics from two symmetric UPR chains are integrated into the proposed 2UPR‐PRS mechanism. First, the conceptual design of this mechanism is carried out. Second, its inverse kinematics is solved. Finally, the mobility of the mechanism is analyzed by a newly developed method through a parameterizing twist in a continuous motion manner, and its kinematic model is thus formulated, revealing the rotational characteristics of the mechanism with the variable axis.
Prevalence of Lumpy Skin Disease in Africa: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis from 2007 to 2023
Authors: Abebaw Balemual
Published: June 2024

Background. Lumpy skin disease (LSD) is an economically important, transboundary viral disease of cattle caused by LSD virus. This systematic review and meta‐analysis are concerned with summarizing the status of lumpy skin disease in Africa. Methods. Literature searches between 2007 and 2023 were conducted using different database searches: Google, Google Scholar, PubMed, and Science Direct, and then the required information were extracted. A random effect model was used to pool estimates of prevalence at 95% CI. Publication bias was assessed by applying funnel plots. Results. The pooled estimated prevalence of LSD was 54% (95% CI: −0.09–1.18), with individual study prevalence ranging from 6 to 89%. Subgroup analysis showed that the random pooled prevalence of LSD was 28% (95% CI: −1.48–2.03) in Ethiopia, 37% (95% CI: −3.79–4.52) in Uganda, 88% (95% CI: −0.11–1.28) in Zimbabwe, and 58% (95% CI: −6.96–8.72) in Egypt. No single study was documented from western and northern Africa. Conclusion. The estimated pooled LSD prevalence was investigated as high and indicated nonsignificant variation among study countries. Thus, vaccination of cattle, quarantine, and biting insect control should be applied to control the disease.
Intrinsic Epigenetic State of Primary Osteosarcoma Drives Metastasis
Authors: Singh Irtisha , Rainusso Nino , Kurenbekova Lyazat , Nirala Bikesh K. , Dou Juan , Muruganandham Abhinaya , Yustein Jason T.
Published: June 2024

Osteosarcoma is the most common primary malignant bone tumor affecting the pediatric population with a high potential to metastasize. However, insights into the molecular features enabling its metastatic potential are limited. We mapped the active chromatin landscapes of osteosarcoma tumors by integrating histone H3 lysine–acetylated chromatin state (n = 13), chromatin accessibility profiles (n = 11), and gene expression (n = 13) to understand the differences in their active chromatin profiles and their impact on molecular mechanisms driving the malignant phenotypes. Primary osteosarcoma tumors from patients with metastasis (primary met) have a distinct active chromatin landscape compared with those without metastasis (localized). This difference shapes the transcriptional profile of osteosarcoma. We identified novel candidate genes, including PPP1R1B, PREX1, and IGF2BP1, that exhibit increased chromatin activity in primary met. Loss of PREX1 in primary met osteosarcoma cells significantly diminishes osteosarcoma proliferation, invasion, migration, and colony formation capacity. Differential chromatin activity in primary met is associated with genes regulating cytoskeleton organization, cellular adhesion, and extracellular matrix, suggesting their role in facilitating osteosarcoma metastasis. Chromatin profiling of tumors from metastatic lung lesions shows increased chromatin activity in genes involved in cell migration and Wnt pathway. These data demonstrate that metastatic potential is intrinsically present in primary met tumors, with cellular chromatin profiles further adapting for successful dissemination, migration, and colonization at the distal site.

Implications: Our study demonstrates that metastatic potential is intrinsic to primary metastatic osteosarcoma tumors, with chromatin profiles further adapting for successful dissemination, migration, and colonization at the distal metastatic site.
Table S2 from Epigenetic Priming by Hypomethylation Enhances the Immunogenic Potential of Tolinapant in T-cell Lymphoma
Authors: Ward George A. , Zhang Zhiqiang , Jueliger Simone , Potapov Ilya S. , Davis Matthew P. , Boxall Adam R. , Taylor Jason , Keer Harold , Biondo Andrea , Lyons John F. , Sims Martin , Smyth Tomoko
Published: June 2024

Table S2. Details of TaqMan primers used in qPCR assays in this study (Figures 2,5 & S9).
Figure S11 from Epigenetic Priming by Hypomethylation Enhances the Immunogenic Potential of Tolinapant in T-cell Lymphoma
Authors: Ward George A. , Zhang Zhiqiang , Jueliger Simone , Potapov Ilya S. , Davis Matthew P. , Boxall Adam R. , Taylor Jason , Keer Harold , Biondo Andrea , Lyons John F. , Sims Martin , Smyth Tomoko
Published: June 2024

Uncropped Western blots from Figure 2A
FIGURE 3 from Epigenetic Priming by Hypomethylation Enhances the Immunogenic Potential of Tolinapant in T-cell Lymphoma
Authors: Ward George A. , Zhang Zhiqiang , Jueliger Simone , Potapov Ilya S. , Davis Matthew P. , Boxall Adam R. , Taylor Jason , Keer Harold , Biondo Andrea , Lyons John F. , Sims Martin , Smyth Tomoko
Published: June 2024

Synergistic interaction between decitabine and tolinapant in reducing viability of TCL cell lines in vitro. Viability data obtained using CTG in H9 cells (A and B) and in BW5147 cells (C and D) after 3 days of treatment with a combination of decitabine and tolinapant (A and C) raw data and (B and D) HSA score from ComBenefit synergy analysis. E, Heat map showing a change in AUC measurements obtained from 3-day CTG assays in five different human TCL cell lines, testing the combination of tolinapant and decitabine (for raw data, see Supplementary Fig. S5). F, Cytotox-NIR signal captured by real-time microscopy (IncuCyte), detecting membrane permeabilization after the treatment of H9 cells with 1 µmol/L tolinapant, 1 µmol/L decitabine, or a combination of both.
FIGURE 2 from Epigenetic Priming by Hypomethylation Enhances the Immunogenic Potential of Tolinapant in T-cell Lymphoma
Authors: Ward George A. , Zhang Zhiqiang , Jueliger Simone , Potapov Ilya S. , Davis Matthew P. , Boxall Adam R. , Taylor Jason , Keer Harold , Biondo Andrea , Lyons John F. , Sims Martin , Smyth Tomoko
Published: June 2024

Measurement of gene expression changes in TCL cell lines after treatment with decitabine in vitro. A, Western blots of human (H9 and Karpas-299) and mouse (BW5147 and CT26) cell lysates prepared after treatment with decitabine for 4 days (human) or 2 days (mouse). Dotted lines indicate a cropped blot for presentation purposes. B, Bisulfite pyrosequencing data from four human TCL cell lines, showing basal (untreated) levels RIPK3 promoter methylation (top left), decitabine concentration-dependent decrease of RIPK3 methylation in all cell lines after 4 days treatment (top right), time dependent of RIPK3 promoter demethylation in Karpas-299 cells (bottom left), LINE-1 demethylation as control (at day 4, bottom right) for all four cell lines. Relative levels if cDNA expression measured by qPCR prepared from Karpas-299 (C) and H9 (D) cells treated for 4 days with a various concentration of decitabine. Each gene was normalized to 18S housekeeping gene as a control. * Indicates an estimation of relative expression since this gene was not detected in DMSO control (DMSO control CT set to 40).
Opioid analgesic use among patients with kidney disease: a systematic review
Authors: Liu Shania , Sands Megan B. , Kerferd Jack W. , Fathabadi Sanam , Khor Kok Eng , Yiu Chin Hang , Phinn Katelyn , Anderson Matthew A. , Redmayne Grace , Yong Kenneth , Penm Jonathan
Published: June 2024

Introduction: Opioid analgesics are often used to manage moderate to severe pain. A significant proportion of patients taking opioids have compromised kidney function. This systematic review aimed to examine the available evidence on the safety and analgesic effect of opioid use in adults with kidney disease.
Methods: We searched eight electronic databases from inception to 26th January 2023. Published original research articles in English reporting on opioid use and pharmacokinetic data among adults with reduced renal function were included. Article screening, data extraction, and quality assessment were conducted by at least two investigators independently. This review was registered prospectively on PROSPERO (ID: CRD42020159091).
Results: There were 32 observational studies included, 14 of which reported on morphine use, three involved fentanyl use, two involved hydromorphone use and 13 articles reported on other opioids including codeine, dihydrocodeine, and buprenorphine.
Conclusion: There is limited and low-quality evidence to inform the safety and analgesic effect of opioid use in reduced renal function. Morphine remains the opioid for which there is the most evidence available on safety and analgesic effect in the context of renal disease. Greater caution and consideration of potential risks and benefits should be applied when using other opioids. Further high-quality studies examining clinical outcomes associated with the use of different opioids and opioid doses in renal disease are warranted.
What Is the Real-Life Experience of Older Adults on Smart Healthcare Technologies? An Exploratory Interview Study
Authors: Zhang Jiaxin , Wang Hailiang , Li Qingchuan , Luximon Yan
Published: June 2024

Introduction: Smart healthcare technologies (SHCTs) exhibit the great potential to support older Hong Kong adults with their health problems. Although there are various SHCTs in the Hong Kong market, and some adoption predictors have been proposed and investigated, little is known about older users’ views on and real-life experiences with these technologies. This exploratory study examined the experiences, functional needs, and barriers of three kinds of SHCT (i.e., smart wearable devices, smart health monitors, and healthcare applications) with older adults in real life. Methods: A convenience sampling method was applied to recruit twenty-two older adults from the Hong Kong community. The interview was designed in semi-structured and conducted in a face-to-face setting. The content analysis was used to summarize the older adults’ functional needs and barriers in real life. Results: We found older adults mainly applied SHCTs to address physical health, but there are few technological solutions for mental health in practice. There are four types of barriers in using SHCT. However, social support in Hong Kong community greatly helps reduce the barriers in technology use. Based on the findings, we discussed the possible solutions based on the social and technology perspective. Conclusion: Current technologies still could not fully address older adults’ needs for healthy aging, and various barriers still hinder the actual adoption. By deeply understanding and considering the social context, technology innovation can facilitate the adoption of SHCT and promote a healthy aging society.
Pharmacokinetic-Guided Hydroxyurea to Reduce Transfusions in Ugandan Children with Sickle Cell Anemia: Study Design of the Alternative Dosing And Prevention of Transfusions Trial
Authors: Power-Hays Alexandra , Namazzi Ruth , Kato Charles , McElhinney Kathryn E. , Conroy Andrea L. , Hume Heather , John Chandy , O'Hara Sara M. , Stuber Susan E. , Lane Adam , Latham Teresa S. , Opoka Robert O. , Ware Russell E.
Published: June 2024

Introduction: People with sickle cell anemia (SCA) may require frequent blood transfusions to treat acute and chronic complications. Hydroxyurea is a life-saving treatment for SCA that could also decrease the need for blood transfusions. Inadequate medication access and challenges in dose optimization limit the widespread use of hydroxyurea in Africa. If feasible, pharmacokinetic (PK) dosing might improve dose determination to minimize toxicities and maximize clinical benefits. The Alternative Dosing And Prevention of Transfusions (ADAPT, NCT05662098) trial will analyze the impact of hydroxyurea on transfusion rate and serve as a pilot study to evaluate the feasibility of PK-guided hydroxyurea dosing in Uganda. Methods: Herein we describe the rationale and design of ADAPT, a prospective cohort study of ∼100 children with SCA in Jinja, Uganda. The primary hypothesis is that hydroxyurea will decrease blood transfusion use by ≥ 50%, comparing the transfusion incidence rate ratio between a 3-month pretreatment and a 12-month treatment period. A key secondary hypothesis is that our PK-dosing approach will generate a suitable hydroxyurea dose for ≥80% of participants. Every ADAPT participant will undergo hydroxyurea PK testing, and if a dose is generated within 15–35 mg/kg/day, participants will start on their individualized dose. If not, they will start on a default dose of 20 mg/kg/day. Hydroxyurea dose optimization will occur with periodic dose adjustments. Conclusion: Overall, demonstrating the reduction in blood transfusion utilization with hydroxyurea treatment would provide leverage to increase hydroxyurea access, and PK-guided hydroxyurea dosing should optimize the safe and effective treatment of SCA across sub-Saharan Africa.
Potential Risk Factors of Disorders of Gut-Brain Interaction in Undergraduates and Postgraduates: Partially Mediated by Life Stress and Lifestyle
Authors: Zhong Likun , Liang Yunxiao , Chu Huikuan , Zhang Xiujing , Zhang Jingzhi , Hou Xiaohua , Xu Zhiyue
Published: June 2024

Introduction: This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of disorders of gut-brain interaction (DGBI) and life stress in college students, and explore risk factors of DGBI in college students and the role of life stress. Methods: A total of 2,578 college students filled up validated questionnaires assessing GI symptoms, lifestyle, and life stress. Participants were diagnosed as DGBI based on the Rome III criteria. Multivariate ordinal logistic regression analysis and mediation effect model were employed to explore potential risk factors of DGBI and the mediating role of life stress and lifestyle in DGBI. Results: A total of 437 of 2,578 (17.0%) college students were diagnosed with DGBI. College students with DGBI had higher levels of life stress, including eight specific categories. Females (1.709 [1.437, 2.033]), staying up late (1.519 [1.300, 1.776]), and life stress (1.008 [1.006, 1.010]) were risk factors for DGBI, while postgraduates (0.751 [0.578, 0.976]) and regular diet (0.751 [0.685, 0.947]) were protective factors. Males and poor family economic were associated with a higher risk of DGBI after controlling stress, while an association between grade and DGBI was mediated by stress, regular diet, and sleep habits. Conclusion: DGBI was common among college students. Life stress and lifestyle were associated with DGBI and mediated partial association between grade and DGBI in college students. More attention should be paid to undergraduates.
Dimethyl fumarate modulates the immune environment and improves prognosis in the acute phase after ischemic stroke
Authors: Bo Chunrui , Li Jingkai , Wang Junjie , Zhang Yaxin , Wu Tao , Wang Mingyang , Hou Shiyue , Liang Yan , Zhang Xiyue , Zhao Shufang , Zhang Huixue , Wang Jianjian , Wang Lihua , Zhong Lianmei
Published: June 2024

Introduction: Dimethyl fumarate (DMF) has shown potential for protection in various animal models of neurological diseases. However, the impact of DMF on changes in peripheral immune organs and the central nervous system (CNS) immune cell composition after ischemic stroke remains unclear.
Methods: Eight-week-old C57BL/6J mice with photothrombosis (PT) ischemia and patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS) were treated with DMF. TTC staining, flow cytometry, and immunofluorescence staining were used to evaluate the infarct volume and changes in immune cells in the periphery and the CNS.
Results: DMF reduced the infarct volume on Day 1 after PT. DMF reduced the percentages of peripheral immune cells, such as neutrophils, dendritic cells, macrophages and monocytes, on Day 1, followed by NK cells on Day 3 and B cells on Day 7 after PT. In the CNS, DMF significantly reduced the percentage of monocytes in the brain on Day 3 after PT. In addition, DMF increased the number of microglia in the peri-infarct area and reduced the number of neurons in the peri-infarct area in the acute and subacute phases after PT. In AIS patients, B cells decreased in patients receiving alteplase in combination with DMF.
Conclusion: DMF can change the immune environment of the periphery and the CNS, reduce infarct volume in the acute phase, promote the recruitment of microglia and preserve neurons in the peri-infarct area after ischemic stroke.
Genetic Findings in Short Turkish Children Born to Consanguineous Parents
Authors: Joustra Sjoerd D. , Isik Emregul , Wit Jan M. , Catli Gonul , Anik Ahmet , Haliloglu Belma , Kandemir Nurgun , Ozsu Elif , Hendriks Yvonne M.C. , de Bruin Christiaan , Kant Sarina G. , Campos-Barros Angel , Challis Rachel C. , Parry David , Harley Margaret E. , Jackson Andrew , Losekoot Monique , van Duyvenvoorde Hermine A.
Published: June 2024

Introduction: The diagnostic yield of genetic analysis in the evaluation of children with short stature depends on associated clinical characteristics, but the additional effect of parental consanguinity has not been well documented. Methods: This observational case series of 42 short children from 34 consanguineous families was collected by six referral centres of paediatric endocrinology (inclusion criteria: short stature and parental consanguinity). In 18 patients (12 families, group 1), the clinical features suggested a specific genetic defect in the growth hormone (GH) insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) axis, and a candidate gene approach was used. In others (group 2), a hypothesis-free approach was chosen (gene panels, microarray analysis, and whole exome sequencing) and further subdivided into 11 patients with severe short stature (height <−3.5 standard deviation score [SDS]) and microcephaly (head circumference <−3.0 SDS) (group 2a), 10 patients with syndromic short stature (group 2b), and 3 patients with nonspecific isolated GH deficiency (group 2c). Results: In all 12 families from group 1, (likely) pathogenic variants were identified in GHR, IGFALS, GH1, and STAT5B. In 9/12 families from group 2a, variants were detected in PCNT, SMARCAL1, SRCAP, WDR4, and GHSR. In 5/9 families from group 2b, variants were found in TTC37, SCUBE3, NSD2, RABGAP1, and 17p13.3 microdeletions. In group 2c, no genetic cause was found. Homozygous, compound heterozygous, and heterozygous variants were found in 21, 1, and 4 patients, respectively. Conclusion: Genetic testing in short children from consanguineous parents has a high diagnostic yield, especially in cases of severe GH deficiency or insensitivity, microcephaly, and syndromic short stature.
A Novel Fetal Magnetic Resonance Imaging Lung Volume Nomogram Stratified by Estimated Fetal Weight
Authors: Farladansky-Gershnabel Sivan , Jayapal Praveen , Zalcman Max , Barth Richard A. , Rubesova Erika , Hintz Susan R. , Zhang Jiaqi , Leonard Stephanie A. , El-Sayed Yasser Y. , Blumenfeld Yair J.
Published: June 2024

Introduction: Fetal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) lung volume nomograms are increasingly used to prognosticate neonatal outcomes in fetuses with suspected pulmonary hypoplasia. However, pregnancies complicated by fetal anomalies associated with pulmonary hypoplasia may also be complicated by fetal growth restriction (FGR). If a small lung volume is suspected in such cases, it is often unclear whether the lungs are “small” because of underlying lung pathology, or small fetal size. Existing MRI lung volume nomograms have mostly been stratified by gestational age (GA), rather than estimated fetal weight (EFW). Therefore, we aimed to develop a novel fetal lung volume nomogram stratified by EFW. Methods: Consecutive fetal MRIs performed at a quaternary medical center from 2019 to 2021 were analyzed. MRIs performed due to fetal lung anomalies and cases with FGR were excluded. All MRIs were performed without IV contrast on GE 3 or 1.5 Tesla scanners (GE Healthcare). Images were reviewed by three experienced fetal radiologists. Freehand ROI in square centimeter was drawn around the contours of the lungs on consecutive slices from the apex to the base. The volume of the right, left and total lungs were calculated in mL. Lung volumes were plotted by both EFW and GA. Results: Among 301 MRI studies performed during the study period, 170 cases met inclusion criteria and were analyzed. MRIs were performed between 19- and 38-week gestation, and a sonographic EFW was obtained within a mean of 2.9 days (SD ± 5.5 days, range 0–14 days) of each MRI. Nomograms stratified by both EFW and GA were created using 200 g. and weekly intervals respectively. A formula using EFW to predict total lung volume was calculated: LV = 0.07497804 EFW0.88276 (R2 = 0.87). Conclusions: We developed a novel fetal lung volume nomogram stratified by EFW. If validated, this nomogram may assist clinicians predict outcomes in cases of fetal pulmonary hypoplasia with concomitant FGR.