bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Українська діаспора: вплив на творення глобального українського простору
Authors: Гаргаун Яна
Published: August 2023

Питання ідентичності української нації особливо гостро постало в часи російсько-української війни. Надзвичайно важливу роль у творенні глобального українського простору відіграла українська діаспора, яка завжди посідала особливе місце у популяризації усього українського та формуванні позивного іміджу українців закордоном. Представники української діаспори, починаючи з XIX ст. і дотепер активно включаються у протидію агресії з боку Росії та консолідацію українського народу. Українська діаспора активно сприяє зміцненню української державності та підтримці України на міжнародній арені. Діаспорні організації лобіюють інтереси української держави, залучають увагу міжнародної спільноти до проблем України, сприяючи зміцненню української ідентичності, культури, політичної незалежності та економічного розвитку України.
Миротворча діяльність у зовнішній політиці Канади
Authors: Габро Ірина , Гринюк Анастасія
Published: August 2023

Проаналізовано роль миротворчої діяльності у зовнішній політиці Канади та дослідження канадського підходу до вирішення конфліктів у ХХ-ХХІ ст. Після Другої світової війни канадський уряд регулярно підкреслював прихильність Канади захищати мир і свободу у світі, зокрема через миротворчі операції ООН. Починаючи з середини ХХ ст. уряд Канади успішно використовує дипломатичний досвід, військово-технічний потенціал і високий професіоналізм збройних сил не лише задля підтримки міжнародного миру та стабільності, а й для досягнення національних інтересів Канади.
Турецько-грузинські відносини у 21 ст.
Authors: Мамедов Асім
Published: August 2023

Туреччина у світі нарощування свого політичного та економічного впливу на Південному Кавказі успішно здійснює політику «м’якої сили» в регіоні. Грузино-турецька співпраця у торговельно-економічній, енергетичній, діловій і військово-політичній сфері створює міцну основу для зближення та поступального зростання взаємної довіри у двосторонніх відносинах та є основою політичного партнерства Грузії та Туреччини.
Mining Electric Shovel Working Device Configuration Synthesis and Performance Analysis
Authors: Guo Chenhao , Wu Juan , Feng Yinnan , Wang Xin , Wang Yuliang
Published: August 2023

Mining electric shovels (MES) are one of the key pieces of equipment for mining, and their comprehensive performance plays an important role in mining efficiency. Based on the screw theory, this paper proposes a comprehensive configuration method for an MES working device and selects a new mining electric shovel working device with a larger excavation range, taking the working device as an example for dimensional optimization and simulation analysis. Firstly, based on the closed-loop vector equation, the position inverse solution of the mechanism is analyzed, and the correctness of the position equation is verified by the simulation and by numerical solutions. Then, the constraints of the mechanism are analyzed, and the numerical method and the position equation are combined to solve for the workspace of the mechanism. The dimensional parameters of the mechanism are optimized by genetic algorithms. The workspace of the optimized working device is increased by 13.4789%. Finally, the mining results of the two MES, the working devices, are simulated and verified by experiment. It is shown that the experimental results are basically consistent with the simulation results. The excavation quality difference of the two working devices are 2.02% and 2.20%, which verifies the correctness of the kinematics equation of the working device and the feasibility of the new working device.
Development of an Active Wingtip for Aeroelastic Control
Authors: Toffol Francesco , Ricci Sergio
Published: August 2023

This paper presents the design of an innovative wingtip device actively actuated to control the aeroelastic loads, with a focus on the gust load alleviation. It summarizes the work carried out in the Clean Sky 2 AIRGREEN2 project, where the device was developed from scratch and reached a relevant technology readiness level with the full-scale prototype manufacturing and testing, compulsory to obtain the permit to fly. This paper describes the overall design of the devices, covering the structure, the aero-servo-elasticity characteristics of the whole aircraft, the actuation system design, the scaled wind tunnel testing, and the full-scale structural qualification tests. The paper proves how the development of a new item involves several disciplines simultaneously, remarking on the importance of an integrated approach to the new generation aircraft design.
Application of Pulsar-Based Navigation for Deep-Space CubeSats
Authors: Malgarini Andrea , Franzese Vittorio , Topputo Francesco
Published: August 2023

This paper investigates the use of pulsar-based navigation for deep-space CubeSats. A novel approach for dealing with the onboard computation of navigational solutions and timekeeping capabilities of a spacecraft in a deep-space cruise is shown, and the related implementation and numerical simulations are discussed. The pulsar’s signal detection, processing, and exploitation are simulated for navigation onboard a spacecraft, thus showing the feasibility of autonomous state estimation in deep space even for miniaturized satellites.
Metabolite Diversity in Pulp Segments, Peel, Leaves, and Bark of a Red-Fleshed ‘Baya Marisa’ Apple Cultivar
Authors: Schmitzer Valentina , Medic Aljaz , Bordon Aleks , Hudina Metka , Veberic Robert , Jakopic Jerneja , Stampar Franci
Published: August 2023

This study investigated the composition of sugars, organic acids, individual and total phenolic compounds in the pulp, peel, leaves, and bark of a red-fleshed ‘Baya Marisa’ apple cultivar. As the fruit is known for its red pulp color, the study focused on comparing the profiles of primary and selected secondary metabolites in three sections along the equatorial fruit plane. The analyses were carried out using HPLC–MS system, and compositional differences were compared among fruit segments. Inner fruit segments accumulated higher levels of sorbitol and the sum of sugars and lower levels of citric acid. However, no differences in the sum of organic acids could be determined among segments. The phenolic composition differed among pulp (hydroxycinnamic acids > dihydrochalcones ≈ anthocyanins ≈ flavanols > flavonols), peel (flavanols > anthocyanins > dihydrochalcones > flavonols > hydroxycinnamic acids), leaves (flavonols > dihydrochalcones > hydroxycinnamic acids > anthocyanins), and bark (dihydrochalcones > flavonols > flavanols > anthocyanins > hydroxycinnamic acids). The greatest phenolic diversity was detected in bark (25), followed by leaves (18), peel (17) and finally, pulp (11). Three anthocyanins (cyanidin-3-O-galactoside > cyanidin-3-O-arabinoside > peonidin-3-O-galactoside) were determined in all ‘Baya Marisa’ tissues with their content highest in the peel. The innermost sections of the fruit were characterized by higher levels of dihydrochalcones and lower levels of most flavanols, flavonols and anthocyanins. These were predominant in the apple pulp nearest to the peel, with cyanidin-3-O-galactoside being the prevalent representative. Accumulation of anthocyanins in pulp is a rare trait in apples, and therefore, the distinct distribution and diversity of metabolites in this cultivar highlights its potential for high-nutrient products such as juices, apple chips or purees.
The Random Vibrations of the Active Body of the Cultivators
Authors: Cardei Petru , Constantin Nicolae , Muraru Vergil , Persu Catalin , Sfiru Raluca , Vladut Nicolae-Valentin , Ungureanu Nicoleta , Matache Mihai , Muraru-Ionel Cornelia , Cristea Oana-Diana , Laza Evelin-Anda
Published: August 2023

The article continues the exposition of the results obtained in researching an agricultural machine for processing soil, designed for research with applications including exploitation. The MCLS (complex machine for soil tillage) was designed to research the working processes of the instruments intended for soil processing. The MCLS cultivator is a modulated machine (it can work for three working widths: 1, 2, and 4 m, with tractors of different powers) that is designed to use a wide range of working bodies. The experimental data obtained with the structure with a working width of 1 m and the results of their processing within the framework of the theory of random vibrations are presented in this article. The experimental results are analysed as random vibrations of the supports of the active working bodies. As a result, the main characteristics of random vibrations are exposed: the distribution function, the average value, the autocorrelation, and the frequency spectrum. These general results regarding random vibrations are used for several critical applications in the design, execution, and exploitation of some subassemblies and assemblies of agricultural machines of this type. The main applications include estimating the probability of the occurrence of dangerous load peaks, counting and selecting the load peaks that produce fatigue accumulation in the material of the supports of the working bodies, identifying some design deficiencies or defects in the work regime, and estimating the effects of vibrations on the quality of soil processing. All of the outcomes are composed of applications in MCLS research and exploitation. The applications pursue well-known objectives of modelling the working processes of agricultural machines: safety at work, increasing the quality of work, optimising energy consumption, and increasing productivity, all in a broad context to obtain a compromise situation. The material and the method are based on experimental data acquisition, processing, and interpretation.
Animal Hygiene on Farms—More Important than Ever Before
Authors: Kemper Nicole
Published: August 2023

“Prevention is better than cure” [...]
First Record of Cetacean Killed in an Artisanal Fish Aggregating Device in the Mediterranean Sea
Authors: Manfrini Valerio , Fortuna Caterina Maria , Cocumelli Cristiano
Published: August 2023

Fish Aggregating Devices (FADs) are anchored floating structures often made with cheap scrapped materials and used to aggregate pelagic fish species under their artificial shadows. Globally, the dangerous impact of FADs is well known. They pose a severe threat as a source of bycatch, as a danger to navigation, and with their high potential to become marine litter. Unintended entanglement and consequent mortality in FADs of vulnerable (e.g., sharks, sea turtles, and cetaceans) and commercial species is a serious concern for several international inter-governmental bodies (e.g., EU, GFCM, and IWC). This work describes the first case of a cetacean, a striped dolphin (Stenella coeruleoalba), entangled in a FAD in the Mediterranean Sea. A young male of striped dolphins was found dead along the coast of Lazio (central Tyrrhenian Sea) with its peduncle entangled in typical debris from illegal/artisanal FADs (i.e., a nylon rope, teared gardening plastic sheets, bush branches, and scrapped empty plastic bottles). Although this is the first confirmed case of a cetacean entangled in a FAD in Mediterranean waters, given the extent of the deployment of anchored FADs, the scale of this type of interaction with protected species might be seriously underestimated. Therefore, actions and monitoring need to be implemented urgently to effectively protect and conserve marine biodiversity.
Traces of Human-Mediated Selection in the Gene Pool of Red Deer Populations
Authors: Moravčíková Nina , Kasarda Radovan , Židek Radoslav , McEwan John Colin , Brauning Rudiger , Landete-Castillejos Tomás , Chonco Louis , Ciberej Juraj , Pokorádi Jaroslav
Published: August 2023

In this study, we analysed the effect of human-mediated selection on the gene pool of wild and farmed red deer populations based on genotyping-by-sequencing data. The farmed red deer sample covered populations spread across seven countries and two continents (France, Germany, Hungary, Latvia, New Zealand, Poland, and Slovakia). The Slovak and Spain wild red deer populations (the latter one in a large game estate) were used as control outgroups. The gene flow intensity, relationship and admixture among populations were tested by the Bayesian approach and discriminant analysis of principal components (DAPC). The highest gene diversity (He = 0.19) and the lowest genomic inbreeding (FHOM = 0.04) found in Slovak wild population confirmed our hypothesis that artificial selection accompanied by bottlenecks has led to the increase in overall genomic homozygosity. The Bayesian approach and DAPC consistently identified three separate genetic groups. As expected, the farmed populations were clustered together, while the Slovak and Spanish populations formed two separate clusters. Identified traces of genetic admixture in the gene pool of farmed populations reflected a strong contemporary migration rate between them. This study suggests that even if the history of deer farming has been shorter than traditional livestock species, it may leave significant traces in the genome structure.
Milk Yields and Milk Fat Composition Promoted by Pantothenate and Thiamine via Stimulating Nutrient Digestion and Fatty Acid Synthesis in Dairy Cows
Authors: Zhang Jing , Liu Yapeng , Bu Lijun , Liu Qiang , Pei Caixia , Guo Gang , Huo Wenjie
Published: August 2023

Considering the synergistic effect of pantothenate and thiamine on the regulation of energy metabolism, this study investigated the influences of coated calcium pantothenate (CCP) and coated thiamine (CT) on milk production and composition, nutrients digestion, and expressions of genes involved in fatty acids synthesis in mammary glands. Forty-four multiparous Chinese Holstein cows (2.8 ± 0.19 of parity, 772 ± 12.3 kg of body weight [BW], 65.8 ± 8.6 days in milk [DIM] and 35.3 ± 1.9 kg/d of milk production, mean ± SD) were blocked by parity, BW, DIM, and milk production, and they were allocated into one of four treatments in a 2 × 2 factorial block design. Additional CCP (0 mg/kg [CCP−] or 55 mg/kg dry matter [DM] of calcium pantothenate from CCP [CCP+]) and CT (0 g/kg [CT−] or 5.3 mg/kg DM of thiamine from CT [CT+]) were hand-mixed into the top one-third of total mixed ration. Both CCP and CT additives increased milk production, fat content, true protein, and lactose by promoting nutrient digestibility. The CCP or/and CT supplementation induced the elevation of C11:0, C12:0, C13:0, C14:0, C14:1, C15:0, C15:1, C16:00, C16:1, C24:00, C24:1 fatty acids, saturated fatty acid, and C4-16 fatty acid contents in milk fat; but it decreased C17-22 fatty acid content. Ruminal total VFA content was increased, but pH was decreased by both additives. The ruminal fermentation pattern was altered, and a tendency of acetate formation was implied by the increased acetate-to-propionate ratio after both additives’ supplementation. The expressions of PPARγ, SREBPF1, ACACA, FASN, SCD, and FABP3 mRNAs were enhanced by CCP or CT addition, but the relative expression of LPL mRNA was upregulated by CT addition only. Additionally, blood glucose, triglyceride, insulin-like growth factor-1, and total antioxidant capacity were promoted by both additives. The combination of CCP and CT more effectively increased the ruminal total VFA concentration, the acetate to propionate ratio, and blood glucose level, and decreased ammoniacal nitrogen concentration than that achieved by CCP or CT alone. The results suggested that CCP and CT supplementation stimulated lactation performance by promoting nutrient digestion and fatty acid synthesis in the mammary glands.
Digestibility and Palatability of the Diet and Intestinal Functionality of Dogs Fed a Blend of Yeast Cell Wall and Oregano Essential Oil
Authors: Soares Nayara Mota Miranda , Bastos Taís Silvino , Kaelle Gislaine Cristina Bill , de Souza Renata Bacila Morais dos Santos , de Oliveira Simone Gisele , Félix Ananda Portella
Published: August 2023

Feed additives, such as prebiotics and essential oils, are used in pet foods and can affect digestibility, palatability, and intestinal functionality of dogs. The combined effects of yeast cell wall and oregano essential oil on apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) and palatability of diet, intestinal fermentation products, and fecal microbiota in dogs were analyzed. Eighteen adult dogs were fed for 20 days with three dry extruded diets for adult dogs: control (without the additive), a diet containing 1.5 kg/ton of yeast cell wall and oregano essential oil (1.5YCO), and a diet containing 3.0 kg/ton of yeast cell wall and oregano essential oil (3.0YCO). The inclusion of both levels of YCO reduced the intake ratio. The addition of 3.0YCO reduced the ATTD of dry matter, compared to the control group (p < 0.05). There were greater putrescine and cadaverine concentrations and lower histamine and ammonia (p < 0.05) in the feces of dogs fed 3.0YCO. In addition, fecal odor of dogs fed YCO was less fetid than the control group (p < 0.05). There was greater fecal bacterial diversity in dogs fed with both dietary concentrations of YCO evaluated (p < 0.05). Dogs fed 1.5YCO and 3.0YCO showed higher relative abundance of Blautia and Faecalibacterium and lower abundance of Streptococcus (p < 0.05) in the feces, in comparison to the control group. Given the modulation of microorganisms considered beneficial and the lower fecal concentrations of histamine, phenols, and ammonia, the YCO blend resulted in indicators of improvement of intestinal functionality in dogs.
A Comparative Phylogeography of Three Marine Species with Different PLD Modes Reveals Two Genetic Breaks across the Southern Caribbean Sea
Authors: Narváez-Barandica Juan Carlos , Quintero-Galvis Julián F. , Aguirre-Pabón Juan Carlos , Castro Lyda R. , Betancur Ricardo , Acero Pizarro Arturo
Published: August 2023

The comparative phylogeography of marine species with contrasting dispersal potential across the southern Caribbean Sea was evaluated by the presence of two putative barriers: the Magdalena River plume (MRP) and the combination of the absence of a rocky bottom and the almost permanent upwelling in the La Guajira Peninsula (ARB + PUG). Three species with varying biological and ecological characteristics (i.e., dispersal potentials) that inhabit shallow rocky bottoms were selected: Cittarium pica (PLD < 6 days), Acanthemblemaria rivasi (PLD < 22 days), and Nerita tessellata (PLD > 60 days). We generated a set of SNPs for the three species using the ddRad-seq technique. Samples of each species were collected in five locations from Capurganá to La Guajira. For the first time, evidence of a phylogeographic break caused by the MRP is provided, mainly for A. rivasi (AMOVA: ΦCT = 0.420). The ARB + PUG barrier causes another break for A. rivasi (ΦCT = 0.406) and C. pica (ΦCT = 0.224). Three populations (K = 3) were identified for A. rivasi and C. pica, while N. tessellata presented one population (K = 1). The Mantel correlogram indicated that A. rivasi and C. pica fit the hierarchical population model, and only the A. rivasi and C. pica comparisons showed phylogeographic congruence. Our results demonstrate how the biological traits of these three species and the biogeographic barriers have influenced their phylogeographic structure.
The Bats of Greece: An Updated Review of Their Distribution, Ecology and Conservation
Authors: Georgiakakis Panagiotis , Kafkaletou Diez Artemis , Salvarina Ioanna , Benda Petr , Billington Geoffrey , Dietz Christian , Billington Jacquie , Cove David , Davison Stephen , Cooke Martyn , Papadatou Eleni
Published: August 2023

Bats of Greece have been studied since the second half of the 19th century. Their distribution and ecology, however, remain poorly understood. Conservation efforts for the protection of the roosting and foraging habitats of their populations in Greece are limited. To date, 35 bat species have been recorded from Greece. Four species (Eptesicus anatolicus, Plecotus auritus, Myotis brandtii and Rousettus aegyptiacus) have a limited distribution in the country and the presence of one species (Myotis mystacinus) requires verification. The present study summarises all existing knowledge and adds several hundred new records on the distribution of bats of Greece. Additionally, it provides a summary of new insights on various aspects of their roosting ecology, foraging habitat use, altitudinal distribution, winter activity and landscape characteristics around major roosts. Finally, it discusses the current research and conservation needs of Greek bats.
A Review of Toxoplasma gondii in Animals in Greece: A FoodBorne Pathogen of Public Health Importance
Authors: Symeonidou Isaia , Sioutas Georgios , Lazou Thomai , Gelasakis Athanasios I. , Papadopoulos Elias
Published: August 2023

Toxoplasma gondii is a zoonotic protozoon with a complex life cycle and the second most important foodborne pathogen in Europe. Surveillance of toxoplasmosis is based on national considerations since there are no mandatory controls along the food chain in the European Union, and underreporting of meat is still a problem in many countries like Greece. The current review provides an overview of T. gondii prevalence, associated risk factors, and surveillance in animals in Greece, focusing on the transmission role of meat and highlighting the control measures that should be adopted by consumers. Sows, wild boars, hares, equines, and cats had lower, while sheep and goats generally had higher seroprevalence than their respective pooled European and global values. Seroprevalence in chickens was similar between Greece and Europe, while there was high variation in cattle studies, with no data regarding dairy products. Though a comprehensive meat safety assurance system is the most effective approach to control the principal biological hazards associated with meat, such as T. gondii, the prerequisite risk categorisation of farms and abattoirs based on EFSA’s proposed harmonised epidemiological indicators has not materialised as yet in Greece. Therefore, comprehensive control strategies are still required to ensure food safety and safeguard public health.
Return of Sound Production as a Biomarker of Bottlenose Dolphin Emergence from Anesthesia
Authors: Jones Brittany L. , McClain Abby M. , Sportelli Jessica J. , Le-Bert Carolina Ruiz
Published: August 2023

(1) Background: When a human or animal is recovering from general anesthesia, their medical team uses several behavioral and physiological parameters to assess their emergence from the unconscious state to complete wakefulness. However, the return of auditory and acoustic behaviors indicative of the complete return of consciousness in humans can be difficult to assess in a completely aquatic non-human mammal. Dolphins produce sound using the nasal system while using both passive auditory and active biological sonar (echolocation) to navigate and interrogate their environment. The sounds generated by dolphins, such as whistles and clicks, however, can be difficult to hear when the animal is submerged. (2) Methods: We implemented a system to audibly and visually (i.e., using spectrograms) monitor the underwater acoustic behavior of dolphins recovering from anesthesia. (3) Results: Eleven of the twelve recorded dolphins began echolocating within 92 min (Mean = 00:43:41 HH:MM:SS) following spontaneous respirations. In all cases, the dolphins echolocated prior to whistling (Mean = 04:57:47). The return of echolocation was significantly correlated to the return of the righting reflex (Mean = 1:13:44), a commonly used behavioral indicator of dolphin emergence. (4) Conclusions: We suggest that acoustic monitoring for the onset of click production may be a useful supplement to the established medical and behavioral biomarkers of restoring consciousness following anesthesia in bottlenose dolphins.
Effect of Different Feed Particle Size on Gastrointestinal Tract Morphology, Ileal Digesta Viscosity, and Blood Biochemical Parameters as Markers of Health Status in Broiler Chickens
Authors: Novotný Jakub , Horáková Lucie , Řiháček Michal , Zálešáková Dana , Šťastník Ondřej , Mrkvicová Eva , Kumbár Vojtěch , Pavlata Leoš
Published: August 2023

The study is focused on how the physical structure of the feed affects the health status of broiler chickens. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of feed particle size in broiler diets on gastrointestinal tract morphology, digesta viscosity, and blood biochemical parameters. A total of 90 one-day-old male Ross 308 broiler chickens were randomly divided into three different experimental groups (with five replicates per pen), with 6 birds per cage. The first experimental group (Coarse) was fed with the coarsest particle size, with feed with a geometric mean diameter (GMD) of 1111.26 µm, the next group (Medium) was fed with a less coarse feed size of GMD 959.89 µm, and the last group (Fine) was fed a diet with a fine feed particle size of GMD 730.48 µm. The use of coarse feed particle size in the diet had a positive effect on the gizzard weight and small intestinal villi height and crypt depth, which increased the surface area intended for digesting nutrients. The use of finely ground particles in the feed increased the level of gamma-glutamyl transferase and at the same time, decreased the level of urea, which could indicate adverse changes in the liver.
β-Lactam Pharmacokinetic/Pharmacodynamic Target Attainment in Intensive Care Unit Patients: A Prospective, Observational, Cohort Study
Authors: Guilhaumou Romain , Chevrier Constance , Setti Jean Loup , Jouve Elisabeth , Marsot Amélie , Julian Nathan , Blin Olivier , Simeone Pierre , Lagier David , Mokart Djamel , Bruder Nicolas , Garnier Marc , Velly Lionel
Published: August 2023

Background: The aims of this study were to describe pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic target attainment in intensive care unit (ICU) patients treated with continuously infused ß-lactam antibiotics, their associated covariates, and the impact of dosage adjustment. Methods: This prospective, observational, cohort study was performed in three ICUs. Four ß-lactams were continuously infused, and therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) was performed at days 1, 4, and 7. The primary pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic target was an unbound ß-lactam plasma concentration four times above the bacteria’s minimal inhibitory concentration during the whole dosing interval. The demographic and clinical covariates associated with target attainment were evaluated. Results: A total of 170 patients were included (426 blood samples). The percentages of empirical ß-lactam underdosing at D1 were 66% for cefepime, 43% for cefotaxime, 47% for ceftazidime, and 14% for meropenem. Indexed creatinine clearance was independently associated with treatment underdose if increased (adjusted odds ratio per unit, 1.01; 95% CI, 1.00 to 1.01; p = 0.014) or overdose if decreased (adjusted odds ratio per unit, 0.95; 95% CI, 0.94 to 0.97; p < 0.001). Pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic target attainment was significantly increased after ß-lactam dosage adjustment between day 1 and day 4 vs. no adjustment (53.1% vs. 26.2%; p = 0.018). Conclusions: This study increases our knowledge on the optimization of ß-lactam therapy in ICU patients. A large inter- and intra-patient variability in plasmatic concentrations was observed, leading to inadequate exposure. A combined indexed creatinine clearance and TDM approach enables adequate dosing for better pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic target attainment.
Neonatal Bloodstream Infection with Ceftazidime-Avibactam-Resistant blaKPC-2-Producing Klebsiella pneumoniae Carrying blaVEB-25
Authors: Zarras Charalampos , Iosifidis Elias , Simitsopoulou Maria , Pappa Styliani , Kontou Angeliki , Roilides Emmanuel , Papa Anna
Published: August 2023

Background: Although ceftazidime/avibactam (CAZ/AVI) has become an important option for treating adults and children, no data or recommendations exist for neonates. We report a neonatal sepsis case due to CAZ/AVI-resistant blaKPC-2-harboring Klebsiella pneumoniae carrying blaVEB-25 and the use of a customized active surveillance program in conjunction with enhanced infection control measures. Methods: The index case was an extremely premature neonate hospitalized for 110 days that had been previously treated with multiple antibiotics. Customized molecular surveillance was implemented at hospital level and enhanced infection control measures were taken for early recognition and prevention of outbreak. Detection and identification of blaVEB-25 was performed using next-generation sequencing. Results: This was the first case of a bloodstream infection caused by KPC-producing K. pneumoniae that was resistant to CAZ/AVI without the presence of a metalo-β-lactamase in the multiplex PCR platform in a neonate. All 36 additional patients tested (12 in the same NICU and 24 from other hospital departments) carried wild-type blaVEB-1 but they did not harbor blaVEB-25. Conclusion: The emergence of blaVEB-25 is signal for the horizontal transfer of plasmids at hospital facilities and it is of greatest concern for maintaining a sharp vigilance for the surveillance of novel resistance mechanisms. Molecular diagnostics can guide appropriate antimicrobial therapy and the early implementation of infection control measures against antimicrobial resistance.
Widespread Multidrug Resistance of Arcobacter butzleri Isolated from Clinical and Food Sources in Central Italy
Authors: Gabucci Claudia , Baldelli Giulia , Amagliani Giulia , Schiavano Giuditta Fiorella , Savelli David , Russo Ilaria , Di Lullo Stefania , Blasi Giuliana , Napoleoni Maira , Leoni Francesca , Primavilla Sara , Massacci Francesca Romana , Garofolo Giuliano , Petruzzelli Annalisa
Published: August 2023

The Arcobacter genus comprises a group of bacteria widely distributed in different habitats that can be spread throughout the food chain. Fluoroquinolones and aminoglycosides represent the most common antimicrobial agents used for the treatment of Arcobacter infections. However, the increasing trend of the antimicrobial resistance of this pathogen leads to treatment failures. Moreover, the test implementation and interpretation are hindered by the lack of reference protocols and standard interpretive criteria. The purpose of our study was to assess the antibiotic resistance pattern of 17 A. butzleri strains isolated in Central Italy from fresh vegetables, sushi, chicken breast, and clinical human samples to provide new and updated information about the antimicrobial resistance epidemiology of this species. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was carried out by the European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (EUCAST)’s disc diffusion method. All the strains were multidrug resistant, with 100% resistance to tetracyclines and cefotaxime (third generation cephalosporins). Some differences were noticed among the strains, according to the isolation source (clinical isolates, food of animal origin, or fresh vegetables), with a higher sensitivity to streptomycin detected only in the strains isolated from fresh vegetables. Our data, together with other epidemiological information at the national or European Union (EU) level, may contribute to developing homogeneous breakpoints. However, the high prevalence of resistance to a wide range of antimicrobial classes makes this microorganism a threat to human health and suggests that its monitoring should be considered by authorities designated for food safety.
Novel Therapeutic Approaches to Liver Fibrosis Based on Targeting Oxidative Stress
Authors: Blas-García Ana , Apostolova Nadezda
Published: August 2023

Chronic liver disease (CLD) constitutes a growing global health issue, with no effective treatments currently available. Oxidative stress closely interacts with other cellular and molecular processes to trigger stress pathways in different hepatic cells and fuel the development of liver fibrosis. Therefore, inhibition of reactive oxygen species (ROS)-mediated effects and modulation of major antioxidant responses to counteract oxidative stress-induced damage have emerged as interesting targets to prevent or ameliorate liver injury. Although many preclinical studies have shown that dietary supplements with antioxidant properties can significantly prevent CLD progression in animal models, this strategy has not proved effective to significantly reduce fibrosis when translated into clinical trials. Novel and more specific therapeutic approaches are thus required to alleviate oxidative stress and reduce liver fibrosis. We have reviewed the relevant literature concerning the crucial role of alterations in redox homeostasis in different hepatic cell types during the progression of CLD and discussed current pharmacological approaches to ameliorate fibrosis by reducing oxidative stress focusing on selective modulation of enzymatic oxidant sources, antioxidant systems and ROS-mediated pathogenic processes.
A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of the Association between Uric Acid and Allantoin and Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Zinellu Angelo , Mangoni Arduino A.
Published: August 2023

Alterations in the circulating concentrations of uric acid and its degradation product, allantoin, might account for the systemic pro-oxidant state and the increased cardiovascular risk in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). We sought to address this issue by conducting a systematic review and meta-analysis of the association between the plasma/serum concentrations of uric acid and allantoin and RA. We searched PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science from inception to 20 June 2023 for studies comparing plasma/serum concentrations of uric acid and allantoin between RA patients and healthy controls. We assessed the risk of bias with the JBI Critical Appraisal Checklist for analytical studies and the certainty of evidence with the Grades of Recommendation, Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) Working Group system. In the 19 studies selected for analysis, there were non-significant differences in uric acid concentrations between RA patients and controls (standard mean difference, SMD = 0.11, 95% CI −0.07 to 0.30, p = 0.22; I2 = 87.9%, p < 0.001; low certainty of evidence). By contrast, the concentrations of allantoin were significantly higher in RA patients (SMD = 1.10, 95% CI 0.66 to 1.55, p < 0.001; I2 = 55.6%, p = 0.08; extremely low certainty of evidence). In meta-regression, a significant association was observed between the SMD of uric acid concentrations and body mass index, a risk factor for atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease (t = 3.35, p = 0.007). Our study has shown a significant increase in the concentrations of the oxidative stress biomarker allantoin in patients with RA. Further research is warranted to investigate the interplay between uric acid, allantoin, redox balance, and cardiovascular disease in this group. (PROSPERO registration number: CRD42023441127).
A Cyber–Physical Systems-Based Double-Layer Mapping Petri Net Model for Factory Process Flow Control
Authors: Yang Yuhai , Liu Xiaodong , Lu Wei
Published: August 2023

This study is concerned with the imperfect virtual-reality mapping relationship in cyber–physical systems (CPSs) and the challenge faced in knowledge-based decisions. Regarding those problems, a double-layer mapping Petri net (DMPN) model is proposed. By deploying the programmable automation gateway PAG200, combining the CPS technology with the principle of Petri net and establishing the monitoring Petri net in the cyber space, this model realizes mapping between the physical entity and the digital object. Meanwhile, the knowledge-based decision problem in CPS is defined as a Petri net conflict. In accordance with this, a control network for resolving the conflict is established. Finally, through a practical case, the workflow of DMPN is illustrated and a task allocation algorithm and a quality decision algorithm are proposed to resolve Petri net conflicts. Consequently, it is proven that DMPN is feasible in solving actual production process flow control. At the same time, it also provides a solution for enterprise workflow analysis.
Growth of Escherichia coli in Human Milk and Powdered Infant Formula under Various Treatments and Feeding Conditions in Neonatal Units
Authors: López-Mendoza María Carmen , Lozano Marta , García-Romero Edgar , Ruiz-García Pilar , Gormaz María , Jordano Rafael , Medina Luis Manuel , Ramón-Beltrán Amparo , Silvestre Dolores
Published: August 2023

Milk supplied to neonates in neonatal units is kept at room temperature for some time, which could influence microbial growth. This study aims to evaluate the growth of Escherichia coli in HM and PIF under various treatments and conditions, as well as to determine the influence of different thawing methods on microbial growth in HM. The number of E. coli generations appearing over a 4 h period at 22 °C in HM (frozen; frozen and pasteurized; and frozen, pasteurized, and fortified) and in PIF (four brands) was determined. E. coli counts in HM inoculated and thawed using different methods were also compared. In frozen HM and in pasteurized and frozen HM, significant differences were found after 2.5 h and 1.5 h, respectively. In PIF, differences were found between 1.5 and 3 h. With regard to the thawing process, the lowest microorganism counts were obtained at 4 °C overnight; thus, it seems advisable to store milk at room temperature for a maximum of 1 h during administration in neonatal units. Thawing HM at 4 °C overnight should be the method of choice.
Comparison of Mixing Plane, Frozen Rotor, and Sliding Mesh Methods on a Counter-Rotating Dual-Rotor Wind Turbine
Authors: Szlivka Ferenc , Hetyei Csaba , Fekete Gusztáv , Molnár Ildikó
Published: August 2023

Nowadays, there are numerous new features available in CFD (computational fluid dynamics) that can simulate complex physical phenomena, which used to be challenging to address. However, in current CFD software, certain problems can be simulated using different approaches. In our article, we chose different rotating motion methods to analyze a counter-rotating dual-rotor wind turbine (CO-DRWT). Using the different rotating motion approaches we selected (mixing plane, frozen rotor, and sliding mesh), we examined the torque on the rotors and compared them. The following conclusion was reached. If transient fluid flow must be examined, then the sliding mesh method provided the most realistic results, while the frozen rotor method was adequate if we investigated the effect of wake and vortex near the rotating blades or on its environment. The mixing plane method should be used when the focus is on the kinetics and kinematics of the rotating blade or structure.
Efficacy and Duration of Intra-Articular Autologous Micro-Fragmented Adipose Tissue in Athletes with Ankle Osteoarthritis: A 36-Month Follow-Up Study
Authors: Iacono Venanzio , Natali Simone , De Berardinis Luca , Screpis Daniele , Gigante Antonio Pompilio , Zorzi Claudio
Published: August 2023

Introduction: The intra-articular injection of autologous micro-fragmented adipose tissue (MAT) is increasingly used to manage pain and dysfunction in subjects with osteoarthritis (OA). The purpose of this retrospective study was to report the safety and clinical outcomes of intra-articular MAT in athletes with ankle OA. Methods: Participants were 21 symptomatic athletes aged 18–30 years suffering from mild-to-moderate ankle OA, who received 7 mL autologous MAT after failure of six-month conservative treatment. Clinical evaluation was performed before the procedure and at 6, 12, 24, and 36 months using the visual analog scale for pain, the American Orthopedic Foot and Ankle Society score and the Foot and Ankle Disability Index score. Patient satisfaction was assessed at 36 months. Results: The clinical scores documented a significant or marked improvement throughout the follow-up (p < 0.05). However, at 36 months, they were significantly lower compared with the 24-month time point (p < 0.05), although they were still significantly better than the baseline scores. There were no intraoperative or postoperative complications. Altogether, 81% of patients were very satisfied and 19% were satisfied. Conclusions: Intra-articular MAT injection appears to be a safe and effective treatment for ankle OA. In particular, it offers athletes wishing a fast return to their sports a new, minimally invasive therapeutic option.
A Lightweight Method for Detecting Sewer Defects Based on Improved YOLOv5
Authors: Zhang Xing , Zhang Jiawei , Tian Lei , Liu Xiang , Wang Shuohong
Published: August 2023

In response to the issues of the existing sewer defect detection models, which are not applicable to small computing platforms due to their complex structure and large computational volume, as well as the low detection accuracy, a lightweight detection model based on YOLOv5, named YOLOv5-GBC, is proposed. Firstly, to address the computational redundancy problem of the traditional convolutional approach, GhostNet, which is composed of Ghost modules, is used to replace the original backbone network. Secondly, aiming at the problem of low detection accuracy of small defects, more detailed spatial information is introduced by fusing shallow features in the neck network, and weighted feature fusion is used to improve the feature fusion efficiency. Finally, to improve the sensitivity of the model to key feature information, the coordinate attention mechanism is introduced into the Ghost module and replaced the traditional convolution approach in the neck network. Experimental results show that compared with the YOLOv5 model, the model size and floating point of operations (FLOPs) of YOLOv5-GBC are reduced by 74.01% and 74.78%, respectively; the mean average precision (MAP) and recall are improved by 0.88% and 1.51%, respectively; the detection speed is increased by 63.64%; and the model size and computational volume are significantly reduced under the premise of ensuring the detection accuracy, which can effectively meet the needs of sewer defect detection on small computing platforms.
Security Management for an Advanced Metering Infrastructure (AMI) System of Smart Electrical Grids
Authors: Abdullah Ahmed A. , El-den B. M. , Abo-Al-Ez Khaled M. , Hassan Tarek M.
Published: August 2023

Advanced Metering Infrastructure (AMI) plays a crucial role in enabling the efficient functioning of Smart Electrical Grids, but its successful implementation hinges on robust cybersecurity measures. To uphold data confidentiality and integrity, the deployment of an effective key management scheme (KMS) for multiple Smart Meters (SMs) and devices is imperative. The AMI exhibits unique characteristics, including storage and computation constraints in SMs, hybrid message transmission techniques, and varying participation levels in Demand Response (DR) projects, necessitating a tailored approach to security compared to other systems. In this research, we propose a KMS that is designed to address the specific security concerns of the AMI. The scheme comprises three key management procedures catering to the unicast, broadcast, and multicast modes of hybrid transmission. Given the resource limitations of SMs, we adopted simple cryptographic techniques for key creation and refreshing policies, ensuring efficiency without compromising on security. Furthermore, considering the variability of participants in DR projects, we established key refreshing policies that adapted to changing involvement. The effectiveness and security of the proposed KMS were rigorously evaluated, demonstrating its practical applicability and ability to safeguard the AMI ecosystem. The results of the evaluation indicate that our approach provides a viable and robust solution to the security challenges faced by AMI systems. By employing the proposed KMS, stakeholders can confidently deploy and manage AMI, ensuring the protection of sensitive data and maintaining the integrity of the Smart Electrical Grid.
A Systematic Review on Virtual Reality Technology for Ancient Ceramic Restoration
Authors: Ming Yue , Me Rosalam Che , Chen Jue Kun , Rahmat Rahmita Wirza O. K.
Published: August 2023

The protection of intangible cultural heritage has received much attention, among which the “ancient ceramic restoration technique” was included in The National List of Intangible Cultural Heritage of China (the fourth batch) in 2014. In preserving and restoring ancient ceramics, virtual reality (VR) technology has been widely applied, as it provides a new way to showcase the appearance and structure of ancient ceramics in a VR environment. This paper provides a systematic review of the application of VR reality technology in the conservation and restoration of ancient ceramics. The methodology comprises four steps: research problem formulation, literature search, study selection and data extraction. A total of 30 articles out of 1479 peer-reviewed database articles from six databases (Web of Science, SpringerLink, IEEE Xplore, Scopus, CNKI, Google Scholar) were extracted and screened, which covers the application of VR technology or VR-based devices in ceramic conservation. It has been found that the existing VR application on ceramic restoration is hardly systematic or user-oriented. Thus, we develop a VR-based Platform on ceramic restoration utilized with Unity and 3DS Max, ensuring authenticity, minimal intervention, and promising reversible repair within the VR environment. The findings show that VR technology applied to ancient ceramic restoration has contributed to the learning efficiency and learning willingness of users.
Manipulator Smooth Control Method Based on LSTM-XGboost and Its Optimization Model Construction
Authors: Yue Shiqi , Shi Yuanwu
Published: August 2023

With the rapid development of computer and artificial intelligence technology, robots have been widely used in assembly, sorting, and other work scenarios, gradually changing the human-oriented mechanical assembly line working mode. Traditional robot control methods often rely on application fields and mathematical models, and they cannot meet the emerging requirements of versatility and flexibility in many fields, such as intelligent manufacturing and customized production. Therefore, aiming at the relationship between the manipulator’s smooth control command parameters and the manipulator’s actual motion stability in the multi-step object sorting task, this paper proposes a method for predicting the stability of the manipulator based on Long Short-Term Memory Extreme Gradient Boosting. The acquisition signal of the manipulator vibration is segmented according to the action, and the boost model is used to learn the relationship between the control command parameters and the stability characteristic indexes. Next, the Extreme Gradient Boosting algorithm establishes a feature index-stationarity score prediction model. The minimum Mean Absolute Error predicted by the five indicators is 0.0024 so that the model can predict the manipulator’s motion stability level according to the manipulator’s command parameters.