bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Surface cysteine to serine substitutions in IL-18 reduce aggregation and enhance activity
Authors: Saetang Jirakrit , Roongsawang Niran , Sangkhathat Surasak , Voravuthikunchai Supayang Piyawan , Sangkaew Natnaree , Prompat Napat , Srichana Teerapol , Tipmanee Varomyalin
Published: July 2022

Background

Interleukin-18 (IL-18) is prone to form multimers resulting in inactive aggregates, making this cytokine unstable for clinical use. Therefore, mutations have been introduced into recombinant IL-18 to overcome this issue.

Methods

To prevent the formation of disulfide bonds between the IL-18 molecules, multiple mutations targeting surface cysteines (C38, C68, C76, and C127) were introduced into our previously modified human IL-18 double mutant E6K+T63A (IL-18 DM) by direct gene synthesis. The open reading frames of IL-18 wild-type (WT), IL-18 DM, and IL-18 multiple mutant E6K+T63A+C38S+C68S+C76S+C127S (IL-18 DM1234) were inserted in the pET28a expression vector and transformed into Escherichia coli Rosetta2 (DE3) pLysS cells for protein production. The inclusion bodies of WT and mutated IL-18 were extracted by sonication and refolded by stepwise dialysis using 8 M urea as the starting concentration. The refolded IL-18 proteins were tested for aggregation using the ProteoStat protein aggregation assay. Their activity was also investigated by treating NK-92MI cells with each IL-18 at concentrations of 75, 150, and 300 ng/ml with 0.5 ng/ml of human IL-12 and interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) levels in the supernatant were evaluated using ELISA. The structure of modified IL-18 was visualized using molecular dynamics (MD) simulations.

Results

IL-18 DM1234 exhibited the lowest aggregation signal, approximately 1.79- and 1.63-fold less than that of the WT and IL-18 DM proteins. Additionally, the IFN-γ inducing activity of IL-18 DM1234 was about 10 and 2.8 times higher than that of the WT and IL-18 DM, respectively. MD simulations revealed that binding site I of IL-18 DM1234 was altered mainly due to surface cysteine replacement with serine (C-to-S substitution). This is the first report showing that C-to-S substitutions in IL-18 improved its activity and stability, suggesting the use of this modified IL-18 for medical purposes in the future.
Consequences of introgression and gene flow on the genetic structure and diversity of Lima bean (Phaseolus lunatusL.) in its Mesoamerican diversity area
Authors: Heredia-Pech Mauricio , Chávez-Pesqueira Mariana , Ortiz-García Matilde M. , Andueza-Noh Rubén Humberto , Chacón-Sánchez María Isabel , Martínez-Castillo Jaime
Published: July 2022

We evaluated the role of gene flow and wild-crop introgression on the structure and genetic diversity of Lima bean (Phaseolus lunatus) in the Yucatan Peninsula, an important Mesoamerican diversity area for this crop, using a genotyping-by-sequencing approach (15,168 SNP markers) and two scales. At the local scale, STRUCTURE and NGSEP analyses showed predominantly crop-to-wild introgression, but also evidence of a bidirectional gene flow in the two wild-weedy-crop complexes studied (Itzinté and Dzitnup). The ABBA-BABA tests showed a higher introgression in Itzinté (the older complex) than in Dzitnup (the younger one); at the allelic level, the wild-crop introgression in Itzinté was similar in both directions, in Dzitnup it was higher from crop-to-wild; and at the chromosomal level, introgression in Itzinté was from wild-to-crop, whereas in Dzitnup it occured in the opposite direction. Also, we foundHEvalues slightly higher in the domesticated accessions than in the wild ones, in both complexes (Itzinté: wild = 0.31, domesticated = 0.34; Dzinup: wild = 0.27, domesticated = 0.36), but %Pandπestimators were higher in the wild accessions than in the domesticated ones. At a regional scale, STRUCTURE and MIGRATE showed a low gene flow, predominantly from crop-to-wild; and STRUCTURE, Neighbor-Joining and PCoA analyses indicated the existence of two wild groups and one domesticated group, with a marked genetic structure based in the existence of domesticated MI and wild MII gene pools. Also, at the regional scale, we found a higher genetic diversity in the wild accessions than in the domesticated ones, in all estimators used (e.g.,HE= 0.27 andHE= 0.17, respectively). Our results indicate that gene flow and introgression are playing an important role at the local scale, but its consequences on the structure and genetic diversity of the Lima bean are not clearly reflected at the regional scale, where diversity patterns between wild and domesticated populations could be reflecting historical events.
Banking Performance in OIC Member Countries: A Panel Study of Selected Islamic Banks
Authors: Jallow Cherno
Published: July 2022

The Islamic finance industry has witnessed an interrupted progression globally during the last few decades owing to its sustainable and asset-based nature which promotes growth and development. The aim of the study is to investigate the performance of selected Islamic banks in Organization of Islamic Cooperation (OIC) Member countries by employing the System GMM dynamic panel estimator on a sample of 130 Islamic banks. The results suggest that profitability of Islamic banks is not only influenced by factors related to management decisions but also to changes in macroeconomic environment. Among the bank specific variables, the results suggest that capitalization, asset quality, efficiency and bank size are the key drivers of bank profitability. Furthermore, the findings show that the level of inflation has a positive significant effect implying that Islamic banks perform better during inflationary periods, while real GDP growth rate per capita has no significant impact on profitability. As a policy implication, the further improvement of capital adequacy guidelines and risk management practices for Islamic banks in OIC member countries is eminent. This would further enhance Islamic banks in the global financial industry characterized by increased fragilities in the overall banking sector.
Consumer Satisfaction of Marketplace Users in Indonesia
Authors: Cahyono Tomy Dwi , Ananda Nova Adhitya
Published: July 2022

Aims: The main goal of marketing management today is customer satisfaction. It is crucial to know consumer satisfaction because satisfied consumers will tend to buy the product in the future. In addition, satisfied consumers will also become the company's promotional staff because they will recommend the company's products to their friends and family. This study highlights consumer satisfaction in online shopping, which is currently highly developed due to technological advances. Therefore, the researcher considers it essential to know what factors can make consumers feel satisfied so that later they can increase product sales on the shopee marketplace. This study uses three variables to explain consumer satisfaction: discounts, product quality, and purchase decisions. The reason these variables are used is because these variables are better able to explain consumer satisfaction. After making a purchase at Shopee, consumers will feel satisfied or not.

Study Design: One hundred seventy-five active shopee marketplace users in the Sumbawa district are the sample in this study. In this study using a purposive sampling technique. The research hypothesis was answered using a structural equation modeling analysis tool based on partial least squares. This study uses the Sobel test to justify whether the purchase decision is an intervening variable.

Results: These three variables, after being investigated, have a direct influence on consumer satisfaction. The results of the study provide information that shopee consumer satisfaction is achieved through discounts, product quality and purchase decisions. The more satisfied consumers are caused by the big discounts given and good product quality.
Potential Use of Butterfly Pea (Clitoria ternatea) as Fish Feed Ingredient: A Minireview
Authors: Pratiwi Dian Yuni
Published: July 2022

This article aims examines the effect of giving Butterfly Pea (Clitora ternatea) in feed on the growth of various types of fish and the nutritional content of Butterfly Pea. The method used in this literature study is to review several research articles on the use of Butterfly Pea on fish growth, and the nutritional content of various parts of the Butterfly Pea plant. The collected review data is then compiled into a manuscript. Various parts of the Butterfly Pea plant such as leaves, flowers, and seeds contain protein, lipids, fiber, and carbohydrates. The largest protein content is found in seeds, reaching 40.59%. The application of leaf meal, flower meal, and seed meal to tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus), African catfish (Clarias Gariepinus), Swordtail Fish Head (Xiphophorus helleri) was not significantly different from control and did not have a negative effect on growth. In conclusion, leaf flour, seed flour, and Butterfly Pea flour can be used as alternative protein source feed ingredients.
Qualitative Test of Heavy Metals in Chanos chanos (Bangus) Found in the First District of Northern Samar
Authors: Dagalea Flyndon Mark S. , Somoray Maria Judy M. , Alvarez Ma. Lourdes C. , Lim Karina Milagros C.
Published: July 2022

The Chanos chanos is a warmwater teleost fish species that is commonly used as a food resource because of its good taste and great demand in the market. It is also known as the national fish of the Philippines. This study was conducted to determine the heavy metals found in Chanos chanos in terms of Arsenic (As), Cadmium (Cd), Chromium (Cr), and Lead (Pb). Samples were collected from San Jose, Northern Samar, Philippines. Physical properties of the sample in terms of its pH and solubility were also determined. Results showed that the Chanos chanos tested positive for the Lead heavy metal and found in the belly part of the fish. The pH level of Chanos chanos extract is acidic while it is soluble in water and methanol and insoluble to the toluene. It was noted that the presence of Lead indicates contamination of the marine resources, hence, a thorough policy on saving and mitigating these resources must be the first act of the concerned local agencies.
Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor II Gene Polymorphism and Association with Plasmodium falciparum Malaria in Badagry, Lagos, Nigeria
Authors: Okoyenta Onyinye Celestina , Imaga Ngozi Awa , Aina Oluwagbemiga Olanrewaju , Ajibaye Olusola
Published: July 2022

Host genetic factors, host-parasite interactions, parasite genetic diversity, and/or environmental influences have been implicated in the molecular basis of susceptibility and resistance to Plasmodium parasite infections. Host Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor II (TNFR II), a 75/80kDa protein encoded by the tnfr II gene has been identified as an adhesion protein for Plasmodium falciparum parasite. Tnfr II gene exhibits functional polymorphism on exon 6 among Caucasians with a potential effect on the ligand-binding function of TNFR II. This study aimed to investigate tnfr II gene polymorphisms on exon 6 and its relationship to Plasmodium falciparum malaria in Badagry, Lagos Nigeria. Genotyping was done using PCR-Restriction fragment length polymorphism assay. A total of 68 blood samples comprising of 49 controls and 19 malaria cases were genotyped. Result revealed both the wild-type (T587) and a mutant-type (T→587G) genotypes of tnfr II. Generally, the analysis showed that the variant-type had a lower prevalence rate (11.76%) than the wild-type (88.24%). The frequencies of wild-type were highest in the controls (85.70%) while the frequencies of the mutant-type were lower in the malaria cases (5.30%). However, the Chi-square test showed no statistical significant difference (p value = 0.30) between the distribution of the genotypes in malaria cases and controls. This study indicates that polymorphism on exon 6 of tnfr II gene was not associated with susceptibility or resistance to malaria infection in Badagry, Nigeria. Further researches with a larger sample size are needed to clarify this subject.
Mapping, Inventory and Change Detection of Wetlands of Thavanur Grama Panchayath using Multispectral Satellite Imagery
Authors: Chithra M. R. , Joseph Asha , Mithra S. Jane , Varughese Anu
Published: July 2022

Wetlands are the submerged or waters saturated lands, both natural and man-made, permanent or temporary, with water that is static or flowing, fresh, brackish or salt, including areas of marine water, the depth of which at low tide does not exceed 6 meters. Effective wetlands management and protection are critical. Accurate and comprehensive wetland classification maps as well as spatiotemporal change information are essential for ecological protection and local government decisions. Wetland mapping and classification help to preserve and improve wetland quality.

A study was conducted on wetland mapping, inventory and change detection wetlands of Thavanur Grama Panchayath in Malappuram district of Kerala using multispectral satellite imageries of high resolution (2.4x2.4m) during the year 2020-2021. The image processing was carried out by Visual Interpretation Technique. The accuracy of mapping was assessed by kappa coefficient.

The various wetland classes found in Thavanur Grama Panchayath were Aquaculture, Marshy land, River and other ponds and small waterbodies. The major wetlands identified in the Panchayath were Ayankalam kayal, Maravanchery kaayal, Varo kaayal, Thavanur kaayal (marshy type wetlands), Bharathapuzha River, Ayankalam aquaculture, Mathur aquaculture and several other ponds. The change detection analysis showed that the percentage change in wetland during the decade was found maximum for pond and well (-33.18%). The major land use changes during the period 2008 and 2018 were that coconut plantation increased by 70.79 ha, paddy land decreased by 61.62 ha and marshy land decreased by 7.04 ha. The kappa coefficient of mapping was obtained as 0.93 which indicted good accuracy.
Parasitic Contamination of Fresh Fruits Sold at Fruit Markets in Selected Local Government Areas of Lagos State, Nigeria
Authors: Shonibare K. R. , Saba A. O. , Ani G. N. , Olayeri A. A. , Falebita T. E. , Diyaolu Z. O. , Alonge F. O. , Jibrin-Yekini U. O. , Iyanda K. E. , Azeez M. A.
Published: July 2022

Aim: The purpose of this research was to examine selected fruits sold within the state of Lagos and to assess their level of contamination by parasites.

Methodology: It was carried out in Amuwo Odofin, Alimosho and Ojo Local Government Areas of Lagos State between April 2021 and July 2021. A total of hundred fruits were randomly purchased from three markets in the study areas. Samples collected included Apple (Malus domestica)(n =20), Grapefruit (Citrus maxima)(n =20), Golden melon (Cucumis melo)(n =20), Mango (Mangifera indica)(n =20), and Pear (Pyrus communis)(n =20). Laboratory analysis was done by using a light microscope to examine sediments gotten from washing the fruits with saline solution. Chi- square test of independence was also calculated to determine the relationship between the fruit type and parasite occurrence.

Results: Out of 100 samples collected, 74% were contaminated with 41% having a single contamination while 33% had multiple contamination. The apple was the most contaminated fruit with 85% of the fruit positive while golden melon was the least contaminated as only 60% of the fruit were positive. The parasites identified were Ascaris lumbricoides (71%), Entamoeba histolytica (18%), Enterobius vermicularis (10%), Giardia lamblia (16%), Hookworm species (44%), Strongyloides stercoralis (4%), Taenia species(1%) Trichuris trichiuria (11%), and Toxoplasma gondii (3%). A chi-square test of independence could not determine any significant relationship between parasite occurrence and market as well as fruit type and parasite occurrence.

Conclusion: The percentage of contaminated fruits in this study is high and this is strong evidence that fruit contributes to the spread of parasites within Lagos State. It is recommended that proper sanitation and hygienic practices should be observed from the cultivation of the fruits on the farm till they are put on display at the market. Fruits bought at markets should also be washed properly before consumption.
Horses
Authors: Mitchell Peter
Published: July 2022

Horses are not native to Africa, but were introduced there first into Bronze Age Egypt ca. 1700
bce
. They were taken up as signifiers of elite status and weapons (mostly in pulling chariots) by New Kingdom pharaohs and retained these associations further south along the Nile in the kingdom of Kush. Their spread into North Africa and the Sahara is poorly dated, but occurred during the first millennium
bce
, with further expansion into the Sahel grasslands to the desert's south by the seventh/eighth centuries
ce
. There, they retained the same role in warfare, especially in raiding for slaves, and in differentiating elite individuals, but movement further south into West Africa was precluded by diseases such as trypanosomiasis.
Unidirectional Carbon Fiber Reinforced Cyanate‐Based Shape Polymer Composite with Variable Stiffness
Authors: Deng Yongdie , Lan Xin , Leng Jinsong
Published: July 2022

Cyanate‐based shape memory polymer (CSMP) has the advantages of good mechanical properties and excellent shape memory properties. However, the mechanical properties of polymers are relatively poor at high temperature. This article aims to improve the mechanical properties of CSMP by adding varying contents of unidirectional carbon fibers. The carbon fiber reinforced CSMP composites (CSMPCs) are prepared by vacuum hot pressing of prepregs. Compared with CSMP, the tensile, flexural, and compressive properties of the CSMPCs have significant improvement. By changing fiber content and adjusting temperature, the composites can achieve variable stiffness characteristic. In addition, the CSMPC with fiber content of 15% has excellent shape memory performances including higher recovery rates and faster recovery speeds. A shape memory spring based on CSMPC has strong deformation ability, which can realize large compression and stretching deformation. The CSMPCs make up for the shortcoming of decreased mechanical properties at high temperatures of CSMPs and broaden the application used in high‐temperature environments.
Ultrafine Silver Nanoparticle Encapsulated Porous Molecular Traps for Discriminative Photoelectrochemical Detection of Mustard Gas Simulants by Synergistic Size‐Exclusion and Site‐Specific Recognition
Authors: Wang Chen , Wang Yao , Kirlikovali Kent O. , Ma Kaikai , Zhou Yaming , Li Peng , Farha Omar K.
Published: July 2022

The rapid, discriminative, and portable detection of highly toxic chemical warfare agents is extremely important for response to public security emergencies but remains a challenge. One plausible solution involves the integration of porous molecular traps onto a photoelectrochemical (PEC) sensor. Here, a fast and facile protocol is developed to fabricate sub‐1 nm AgNPs encapsulated hydrogen‐bonded organic framework (HOF) nanocomposite materials through an in situ photoreduction and subsequent encapsulation process. Compared to traditional semiconductors and selected metal–organic frameworks (MOF) materials, these AgNPs@HOFs show significantly enhanced photocurrent. Most importantly, the portable PEC device based on AgNPs@HOF‐101 can selectively recognize 13 different mustard gas simulants, including 2‐chloroethyl ethyl sulfide (CEES), based on synergistic size‐exclusion and specific recognition. The extremely low detection limit for CEES (15.8 nmol L−1), reusability (at least 30 cycles), and long‐term working stability (at least 30 d) of the portable PEC device warrant its use as a chemical warfare agents (CWAs) sensor in practical field settings. More broadly, this work indicates that integrating porous molecular traps onto PEC sensors offers a promising strategy to further develop portable devices for CWAs detection with both ultrahigh sensitivity and selectivity.
All‐Printed Ultrahigh‐Responsivity MoS2 Nanosheet Photodetectors Enabled by Megasonic Exfoliation
Authors: Kuo Lidia , Sangwan Vinod K. , Rangnekar Sonal V. , Chu Ting‐Ching , Lam David , Zhu Zhehao , Richter Lee J. , Li Ruipeng , Szydłowska Beata M. , Downing Julia R. , Luijten Benjamin J. , Lauhon Lincoln J. , Hersam Mark C.
Published: July 2022

Printed 2D materials, derived from solution‐processed inks, offer scalable and cost‐effective routes to mechanically flexible optoelectronics. With micrometer‐scale control and broad processing latitude, aerosol‐jet printing (AJP) is of particular interest for all‐printed circuits and systems. Here, AJP is utilized to achieve ultrahigh‐responsivity photodetectors consisting of well‐aligned, percolating networks of semiconducting MoS2 nanosheets and graphene electrodes on flexible polyimide substrates. Ultrathin (≈1.2 nm thick) and high‐aspect‐ratio (≈1 μm lateral size) MoS2 nanosheets are obtained by electrochemical intercalation followed by megasonic atomization during AJP, which not only aerosolizes the inks but also further exfoliates the nanosheets. The incorporation of the high‐boiling‐point solvent terpineol into the MoS2 ink is critical for achieving a highly aligned and flat thin‐film morphology following AJP as confirmed by grazing‐incidence wide‐angle X‐ray scattering and atomic force microscopy. Following AJP, curing is achieved with photonic annealing, which yields quasi‐ohmic contacts and photoactive channels with responsivities exceeding 103 A W−1 that outperform previously reported all‐printed visible‐light photodetectors by over three orders of magnitude. Megasonic exfoliation coupled with properly designed AJP ink formulations enables the superlative optoelectronic properties of ultrathin MoS2 nanosheets to be preserved and exploited for the scalable additive manufacturing of mechanically flexible optoelectronics.
High‐Performance Rechargeable Aluminum‐Ion Batteries Enabled by Composite FeF3 @ Expanded Graphite Cathode and Carbon Nanotube‐Modified Separator
Authors: Zhang Juyan , Zhang Lan , Zhao Yunlong , Meng Jiashen , Wen Bohua , Muttaqi Kashem M. , Islam Md. Rabiul , Cai Qiong , Zhang Suojiang
Published: July 2022

Rechargeable aluminum ion batteries (AIBs) are one of the most promising battery technologies for future large‐scale energy storage due to their high theoretical volumetric capacity, low‐cost, and high safety. However, the low capacity of the intercalation‐type cathode materials reduces the competitiveness of AIBs in practical applications. Herein, a conversion‐type FeF3‐expanded graphite (EG) composite is synthesized as a novel cathode material for AIBs with good conductivity and cycle stability. Combined with the introduction of a single‐wall carbon nanotube modified separator, the shuttle effect of the intermediate product, FeCl2, is significantly restrained. Moreover, enhanced coulombic efficiency and reversible capacity are achieved. The AIB exhibits a satisfying reversible specific capacity of 266 mAh g−1 at 60 mA g−1 after 200 cycles, and good Coulombic efficiency of nearly 100% after 400 cycles at a current density of 100 mA g−1. Ex situ X‐ray diffraction and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy are applied to explore the energy storage mechanism of FeF3 in AIBs. The results reveal that the intercalation of Al3+ species and the reduction of Fe3+ species occurrs in the discharge process. These findings are meaningful for the fundamental understanding of the FeF3 cathode for AIBs and provide unprecedented insight into novel conversion type cathode materials for AIBs.
Contact Resistance of Carbon–Lix(Ni,Mn,Co)O2 Interfaces
Authors: Kuo Jimmy Jiahong , Kang Stephen Dongmin , Chueh William C.
Published: July 2022

Electronic resistance in lithium‐ion battery positive electrodes is typically attributed to the bulk resistance of the active material and the network resistance of the carbon additive. Expected overpotentials from these bulk components are minimal relative to that from charge‐transfer resistance. However, literature reports show that cell overpotentials are often much more sensitive to conductive additives than the expected level from bulk or percolating‐network transport. This discrepancy motivated a detailed examination of the contact resistance between the active material and conductive additive. The contact and bulk resistances are simultaneously measured using dense bar samples of lithium‐layered oxides (LixNi1 /3Mn1/3Co1/3O2 and LixNi0.5Mn0.3Co0.2O2) in contact with carbon black. It is found that the contact resistance dominates the overall electronic resistance when the length scale is smaller than millimeters; after correcting for contact effects, bulk conductivity of layered oxides is determined to be orders‐of‐magnitude higher than previously reported. In porous electrodes, it is found from three‐electrode electrochemical impedance spectroscopy that the carbon content most heavily influences the low‐frequency regime (≈0.01 Hz), as opposed to the high frequency (>103 Hz) regime expected from electronic percolating properties. Constriction effects within the layered oxide are identified as the dominant mechanism for contact resistance and its implication is investigated for porous electrodes.
Capturing Dissipation Charge in Charge Space Accumulation Area for Enhancing Output Performance of Sliding Triboelectric Nanogenerator
Authors: He Wencong , Shan Chuncai , Wu Huiyuan , Fu Shaoke , Li Qianying , Li Gui , Zhang Xuemei , Du Yan , Wang Jian , Wang Xue , Hu Chenguo
Published: July 2022

The charge space‐accumulation effect is one of most effective strategies to boost output performance of the sliding mode triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) with AC output, by which the shielding layer greatly prevents the air breakdown on the sliding interface and the blank triboarea with charge dissipation on its surface promotes charge accumulation. However, charge dissipation speed depends on the properties of materials and these charges are lost in the air. Herein, a novel strategy is proposed to capture dissipation charge in charge space accumulation area for further enhancing output performance of the sliding TENG. DC output electrodes based on the coupling of triboelectrification and air‐breakdown is designed on both sides of the slider to quickly and completely collect the dissipation charge on the stator and accumulated charge on dielectric tribolayer of slider. Hence, the device has multichannel output to improve output charge to 98%. A new recorded average power density of 5.74 W m–2 Hz–1, 14 times higher than previously reported, is obtained. The coupling relationship between AC and DC output is systematically studied. This work provides a new idea for improving the output and energy harvesting efficiency of TENGs.
Algorithm‐based approach to focal liver lesions in contrast‐enhanced ultrasound
Authors: Leow Kheng Song , Kwok Christine Ying , Low Hsien Min , Lohan Rahul , Lim Tze Chwan , Low Su Chong Albert , Tan Cher Heng
Published: July 2022

Focal liver lesions are commonly encountered. Grey‐scale and Doppler sonographic characteristics of focal liver lesions are often non‐specific and insufficient to conclusively characterise lesions as benign or malignant. Contrast‐enhanced ultrasound is useful for the characterisation of FLLs in patients who are unable to undergo contrast‐enhanced computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging. It is also easily available and relatively cheap. However, interpretation of contrast‐enhanced ultrasound can be challenging without a systematic approach. In this pictorial essay, we highlight an algorithm‐based approach to FLLs and discuss the characteristic contrast‐enhanced ultrasound features of commonly encountered and clinically significant focal liver lesions.
A SLC35C2 Transporter‐Targeting Fluorescent Probe for the Selective Detection of B Lymphocytes Identified by SLC‐CRISPRi and Unbiased Fluorescence Library Screening
Authors: Gao Min , Lee Sun Hyeok , Das Raj Kumar , Kwon Haw‐Young , Kim Heon Seok , Chang Young‐Tae
Published: July 2022

T and B lymphocytes are two major adaptive immune cells in the human defense system. To real‐time monitor their diverse functions, a live‐cell‐selective probe for only one cell type is need to investigate the complex interaction of the immune cells. Herein, a small‐molecule probe CDyB for live B cells is developed by an unbiased fluorescence library screening. The cell selectivity was confirmed by multiparametric single‐cell analysis using CyTOF. Through a systematic SLC‐CRISPRi library screening, the molecular target of CDyB was identified as SLC35C2 transporter based on a gating‐oriented live‐cell distinction (GOLD) mechanism. The gene expression analysis and knock‐out experiments validated that the SLC35C2 transporter was the target for CDyB distinction. Interestingly, when CDyB was applied to study B cell development, the CDyB fluorescence and SLC35C2 expression were positively correlated with the B cell maturation process, and not involved in the T cell development.
A Non‐Alkaline Electrolyte for Electrically Rechargeable Zinc‐Air Batteries with Long‐Term Operation Stability in Ambient Air
Authors: Sun Wei , Küpers Verena , Wang Fei , Bieker Peter , Winter Martin
Published: July 2022

Electrically rechargeable zinc‐air batteries attract extensive research interests due to their potentially high energy density and low cost but suffer from chemical instability and poor electrochemical reversibility caused by the corrosive nature of the conventional alkaline electrolyte. Here we demonstrate a non‐alkaline zinc acetate electrolyte for electrically rechargeable zinc‐air batteries with long‐term operation stability (>600 hours) in ambient air without any special cell engineering. The unique battery chemistry with reversible formation/decomposition of zinc hydroxyacetate dihydrate is systematically revealed using diversified electrochemical and analytical techniques. Furthermore, the carbon‐based air cathode is modified towards a hydrophilic surface to increase the energy efficiency. This work provides new insight on effective electrolyte design to achieve long‐term operation zinc‐air batteries.
Light‐ and Field‐Controlled Diffusion, Ejection, Flow and Collection of Liquid at a Nanoporous Liquid Crystal Membrane
Authors: Zhan Yuanyuan , Calierno Serena , Peixoto Jacques , Mitzer Lars , Broer Dirk J. , Liu Danqing
Published: July 2022

Liquid manipulation at solid surfaces has attracted plenty of interest yet most of them are limited to one or two direction(s), while transport in three dimensions is largely unexplored. Here, we demonstrate three‐dimensionally steered dynamic liquid mobility at nanoporous liquid crystal polymer coatings. To this end, we orchestrate liquid motion via sequential triggers of light and/or electric field. Upon a primary flood exposure to UV light, liquid is ejected globally over the entire coating surfaces. We further reallocate the secreted liquid by applying a secondary electric field stimulus. By doing so, the liquid is transported and collected at pre‐set positions as determined by the electrode positions. We further monitor this process in real‐time and perform precise analysis. Interestingly, when applying those two triggers simultaneously, we discover a UV‐gated liquid‐release effect, which decreases threshold voltage as well as threshold frequency.
Stereogradient Poly(Lactic Acid) from meso‐Lactide/L‐Lactide Mixtures
Authors: Hador Rami , Shuster Michael , Venditto Vincenzo , Kol Moshe
Published: July 2022

The production of L‐lactide from L‐lactic acid involves a substantial formation of meso‐lactide as an impurity, and, upon polymerization with the industrial catalyst tin octanoate, results in poly(L‐lactic acid) of reduced crystallinity due to stereoerrors randomly distributed along the polymer chains. We describe a new approach wherein, instead of avoiding stereoerrors by removing the meso‐lactide prior to polymerization, the stereoerrors in the polymer are tolerated, by crowding them in a stereogradient copolymer. A zirconium complex of an amine tris(phenolate) ligand is found to exhibit very high syndioselectivity in the ring opening polymerization catalysis of meso‐lactide at room temperature, and gives rise to stereogradient copolymers in the polymerization of mixtures of meso‐lactide/L‐lactide in the melt at 180 °C. Relative to the stereo‐random copolymers obtained with tin octanoate, the stereogradient copolymers exhibit enhanced crystallinities manifested in lower solubilities and higher melting temperatures and enthalpies.
Impact of Strain Relaxation on 2D Ruddlesden–Popper Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Cheng Qian , Wang Boxin , Huang Gaosheng , Li Yanxun , Li Xing , Chen Jieyi , Yue Shengli , Li Kang , Zhang Hong , Zhang Yuan , Zhou Huiqiong
Published: July 2022

Although the photovoltaic performance of perovskite solar cells (PSCs) has reached the commercial standards, the unsatisfactory stability limits their further application. Hydrophobic interface and encapsulation can block the damage of water and oxygen, while the instability induced by intrinsic residual strain remains inevitable. Here, the residual strain in a two‐dimensional (2D) Ruddlesden–Popper (RP) perovskite film is investigated by X‐ray diffraction and atomic force microscopy. It's found that the spacer cations contribute to the residual strain even though they are not in the inorganic cages. Benefited from strain relaxation, the film quality is improved, leading to suppressed recombination, promoted charge transport and enhanced efficiency. More significantly, the strain‐released devices maintain 86 % of the initial efficiency after being kept in air with 85 % relative humidity (RH) for 1080 h, 82 % under maximum power point (MPP) tracking at 50 °C for 804 h and 86 % after continuous heating at 85 °C for 1080 h.
A cycloruthenated complex: Detecting Hg2+ by Hg2+‐promoted coordination switch and Cu2+ by coordination
Authors: Xu Ce , Du Kang , Wu Yuhao , Tan Lin , Li Xianghong
Published: July 2022

A new cycloruthenated complex Ru1 with a ditopic thienyl–NHC ligand has been designed to recognize Hg2+ by a blue shift in absorption and evident solution color change in aqueous system. However, the time‐dependent absorption spectral changes of Ru1 with Hg2+ and H+ as well as MS and 1H NMR spectra demonstrated a possible Hg2+‐promoted coordination switch from Ru‐C to Ru‐S. Moreover, it should be noted that different color and absorption spectral changes were also observed in the presence of Cu2+. The reversible behavior between Ru1‐Cu2+ and HS− indicated a simple coordination between Ru1 and Cu2+. As a result, the different interactions between Ru1 and the two metal ions demonstrated a possible way for Ru1 to detect Hg2+ and Cu2+, respectively. Furthermore, Ru1 was also used to determine Hg2+ and Cu2+ in some spiked water samples, respectively.
Analysis of cruciferin content in whole seeds of Brassica napus L. by near‐infrared spectroscopy
Authors: Ammeter Ashley , So Kenny , Duncan Robert W.
Published: July 2022

Globally, there is an increasing demand for sources of plant‐based protein. While Brassica napus L. is an important oilseed crop worldwide, there is also interest in improving its ability to serve as a valuable source of plant‐based protein. Cruciferin, a seed storage protein that makes up 60% of the protein found in mature seeds of B. napus, is of interest for human consumption as a source of protein and as an ingredient in food products due to its functional properties. Existing methods for quantification of cruciferin protein are often time consuming and destroy the seed. This study explored the potential for the measurement of cruciferin protein content in whole seeds of B. napus by near‐infrared spectroscopy (NIRS), to allow for efficient and non‐destructive screening of breeding material. An enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)‐based reference method was utilized to assess cruciferin content in a diverse population of B. napus. Scanning of whole seed samples produced spectra that were used to develop NIRS calibration equations. Statistical analysis of the calibration results indicated that the NIRS equations developed are poorly suited for prediction of cruciferin content.
Irrigation, fortification, and the proto‐historic settlement landscape of the Ndughore Valley, Kolombangara, Western Solomon Islands
Authors: KIRCH PATRICK V. , YEN DOUGLAS E.
Published: July 2022

Archaeological sites in the Ndughore Valley of Kolombangara Island in the New Georgia group of the western Solomon Islands were investigated in 1971. The sites include formerly‐irrigated pondfield terrace complexes in the valley bottom, ridgetop residential hamlets and specialised ritual sites. The presence of European material culture such as trade beads, clay pipes, glass, a musket barrel and iron axe head all indicate that these sites were occupied and utilised during the nineteenth to early twentieth centuries, a turbulent period marked by increased inter‐island raiding and head‐hunting as well as by trade with Europeans. The residential hamlets and ritual sites are situated in defensible positions on ridgetops, while one site was extensively modified for musket warfare. Ancestor shrines at the residential sites are consistent with a widespread New Georgia cultural tradition, containing shell exchange valuables indicating that the Kolombangara community was linked into a larger exchange network.
Legendre wavelet method for solving variable‐order nonlinear fractional optimal control problems with variable‐order fractional Bolza cost
Authors: Kumar Nitin , Mehra Mani
Published: July 2022

This paper deals with a numerical method for solving variable‐order fractional optimal control problem with a fractional Bolza cost composed as the aggregate of a standard Mayer cost and a fractional Lagrange cost given by a variable‐order Riemann–Liouville fractional integral. Using the integration by part formula and the calculus of variations, the necessary optimality conditions are derived in terms of two‐point variable‐order boundary value problem. Operational matrices of variable‐order right and left Riemann–Liouville integration are derived, and by using them, the two‐point boundary value problem is reduced into the system of algebraic equations. Additionally, the convergence analysis of the proposed method has been considered. Moreover, illustrative examples are given to demonstrate the applicability of the proposed method.
Rare complications of pessary use: A systematic review of case reports
Authors: Dabic Stefan , Sze Christina , Sansone Stephanie , Chughtai Bilal
Published: July 2022

Introduction

Pessaries are desirable for its overall safety profiles. Serious complications have been reported; however, there is little summative evidence. This systematic review aimed to consolidate all reported serious outcomes from pessaries usage to better identify and counsel patients who might be at higher risk of developing these adverse events.

Methods

We performed a systematic literature review using search terms such as ‘prolapse’, ‘stress urinary incontinence’ and ‘pessary or pessaries or pessarium’ on PubMed, Embase and CINAHL. A total of 36 articles were identified. Patient‐level data were extracted from case reports to further describe complications on an individual level.

Results

Overall median age of the patients was 82 years (range 62–98). The most frequent complications were vesicovaginal fistula (25%, n = 9/36), rectovaginal fistula (19%, n = 7/36), vaginal impaction (11%, n = 4/36) and vaginal evisceration of small bowel through vaginal vault (8%, n = 3/36). In the vesicovaginal fistula cohort, none of the patients had a history of radiation, and two had histories of total abdominal hysterectomy (22%). In the rectovaginal fistula cohort, one patient had a history of pelvic radiation for rectal squamous cell carcinoma, and another had a history of chronic steroid use for rheumatoid arthritis. No other risk factors were reported in the other groups. Ring and Gellhorn were the most represented pessary types among the studies, 16 (44%) and 12 (33%), respectively. No complications were reported with surgical and non‐surgical treatment of the complications.

Conclusion

Pessaries are a reasonable and durable treatment for POP with exceedingly rare reports of severe adverse complications. The ideal candidate for pessary should have a good self‐care index. Studies to determine causative factors of the more serious adverse events are needed; however, this may be difficult given the long follow‐up that is required.
Die vierzügige Ganztagsgrundschule mit integrierter Zweifachsporthalle im Werksviertel in München
Authors: Wanninger Gerald , Ellinger Matthias
Published: July 2022

Zum Schuljahr 2021/2022 wurde im Rahmen der Münchner „Schulbauoffensive“ in Berg am Laim an der Haager Straße die neue vierzügige Grundschule mit integrierter Zweifachsporthalle fertiggestellt. Das Schulgebäude befindet sich direkt am Ostbahnhof im Werksviertel, dem Gelände der ehemaligen „Pfanni“‐Fabrik, einem der spannendsten aktuellen Stadtentwicklungsprojekte in München. Hier entsteht direkt neben dem neu geplanten Konzertsaal ein neues Stadtviertel mit Büros, Werkstätten, Restaurants, Hotels sowie ca. 1150 Wohnungen. Das Schulgrundstück hat eine Grundfläche von ca. 11.400 m2. Das viergeschossige Gebäude ist ein zeitgemäß gestalteter Einzelbaukörper, der sich in die vorhandene bzw. zukünftige städtebauliche Struktur eingliedert. Die vierzügige Ganztagsgrundschule wurde nach den Vorgaben des Münchener Lernhauskonzepts entworfen und bietet Platz für ca. 450 Schülerinnen und Schüler, eine Zweifachsporthalle sowie eine Wohnung für die Technische Hausverwaltung mit eigener, außen liegender Erschließung. In diesem Bericht wird auf die Lösungen im Rahmen der Tragwerksplanung eingegangen, welche die hohe Wirtschaftlichkeit des Gebäudeentwurfs bei gleichzeitig minimaler Versiegelung sicherstellten.
Marital status and survival in cancer patients: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Krajc Kaja , Miroševič Špela , Sajovic Jakob , Klemenc Ketiš Zalika , Spiegel David , Drevenšek Gorazd , Drevenšek Martina
Published: July 2022

Background

In recent years, authors have repeatedly reported on the significance of social support in cancer survival. Although overall the studies appear to be convincing, little is known about which types of social support promote better survival rates, and which subgroups of cancer patients are more susceptible to the benefits of it. The aim of this study was to identify, organize, and examine studies reporting on the significance of social support in cancer survival.

Methods

The PubMed, CINAHL and EBSCO databases were searched using the keywords social support/marital status, cancer, and survival/mortality. Where possible we used a meta‐analytical approach, specifically a random effect model, in order to combine the results of the hazard ratios in studies from which this information could be obtained. When interpreting clinical relevance, we used the number needed to treat (NNT).

Results

Better survival was observed in married patients when compared to unmarried (single, never‐married, divorced/separated, and widowed) in overall and cancer‐specific survival. Gender group differences showed that the association was statistically significant only in cancer‐specific survival when comparing divorced/separated male and female cancer patients (p < 0.001), thus confirming results from the previous meta‐analysis.

Conclusions

Being unmarried is associated with significantly worse overall and cancer‐specific survival. The most vulnerable group found in our study were divorced/separated men. The results of this review can motivate physicians, oncologists, and other healthcare professionals to be aware of the importance of patients' social support, especially in the identified sub‐group.
Anti‐Inflammatory Potential of Compounds Isolated from Tunisian Lichens Species
Authors: Mendili Mohamed , Khadhri Ayda , Mediouni‐Ben Jemâa Jouda , Andolfi Anna , Tufano Immacolata , Aschi‐Smiti Samira , DellaGreca Marina
Published: July 2022

The lichen's special symbiotic structure enables it to produce bioactive substances. They have historically been recognized for their aesthetic and medicinal benefits. Furthermore, in recent years, they have performed in various fields, including perfumery, dyeing, and pharmacology due to their rich secondary metabolites. From our study, four compounds were isolated from organic extracts of Parmotrema hypoleucinum, Roccella phycopsis, and Xanthoria parietina and identified by spectroscopic investigation as atranorin, (+)‐iso‐usnic acid, methyl orsellinate, and parietin, respectively. The anti‐inflammatory effects of lichens extracts, and pure compounds were evaluated on RAW 264.7 macrophages cells at different concentrations. At 25 μg/mL all treated samples did not show any effect on cell viability. Atranorin and (+)‐iso‐usnic acid showed an inhibitory effect on nitric oxide (NO) levels in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐stimulated macrophages. Nitric oxide (NO) production was measured using Griess reagent, atranorin and (+)‐iso‐usnic acid showed a high anti‐inflammatory potential (75.99 % and 57.27 % at 25 μg/mL). On the other hand, methyl orsellinate and the organic extracts of three lichens showed good anti‐inflammatory activity ranging from 29.16 % at 25 μg/mL to 86.91 % at 100 μg/mL.
Dental pulp stem cell secretome ameliorates d‐galactose induced accelerated aging in rat model
Authors: Kumar Ajay , Mahajan Aditi , Kumari Puja , Singh Jagjit , Raik Shalini , Saha Lekha , Pal Arnab , Medhi Bikash , Rattan Vidya , Bhattacharyya Shalmoli
Published: July 2022

Advancing age is associated with several diseases and disorders due to multiorgan atrophy. The increasing proportion of elderly humans demands the identification of means to counteract aging and age‐associated disorders. There is an increased depletion of stem cells in the aged organs, resulting in their inability to repair the damage and hence organ degeneration. Stem cell therapy has been implicated in counteracting aging and shown promise. However, the use of stem cells encounters several side effects and complications such as handling and storage of the cells for transplantation purpose. Stem cells secretome has proven to be of significant importance in a variety of disorders. In this study, we have shown that secretome derived from dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) can reverse the age‐associated degeneration induced by chronic exposure to d‐galactose in a rat model. The secretome was able to increase muscle grip strength and animal activity. Secretome also improved the kidney function and hepatic biochemistry similar to healthy controls as evaluated by renal function test and Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy. We also showed that secretome reduced the levels of monoamine oxidase and acetylcholinesterase in the brain and liver, indicating aging reversal. Finally, proteomic profiling of DPSCs secretome revealed the presence of 13 proteins which have antiaging functions. Thus, our study provides first proof of concept that DPSCs secretome can render protection against d‐galactose induced accelerated aging.