bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Network Pharmacology Prediction and Pharmacological Verification Mechanism of Yeju Jiangya Decoction on Hypertension
Authors: Wang Ting , He Mao , Du Yuzhong , Chen Suhong , Lv Guiyuan
Published: May 2021

Background. Yeju Jiangya decoction (CIF) is an herbal formula from traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) for the treatment of hypertension. Materials and Methods. Based on the analysis of network pharmacology, combined with in animal experiments, the network pharmacology was used to explore the potential proteins and mechanisms of CIF against hypertension. The bioactive compounds of CIF were screened by using the platform, and the targets of hypertension and CIF were collected. Then, the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) and protein-protein interaction network (PPI) core targets were carried out, and the useful proteins were found by molecular docking technology. Finally, we used N-nitro-L-arginine (L-NNA) induced hypertension model rats to confirm the effect and mechanism of CIF on hypertension. Results. 14 bioactive compounds of CIF passed the virtual screening criteria, and 178 overlapping targets were identified as core targets of CIF against hypertension. The CIF-related target network with 178 nodes and 344 edges is constructed. The topological results show that quercetin and luteolin are the key components in the network. The key targets NOS3 (nitric oxide synthase 3) and NOS2 (nitric oxide synthase 2) were screened by the protein-protein interaction network. The analysis of target protein pathway enrichment showed that the accumulation pathway is related to the vascular structure of CIF regulation of hypertension. Further verification based on molecular docking results showed that NOS3 had the good binding ability with quercetin and luteolin. On the other hand, NOS3 has an important relationship with the composition of blood vessels. Furthermore, the animal experiment indicated that after the L-NNA-induced hypertension rat model was established, CIF intervention was given by gavage for 3 weeks, and it can decrease serum concentrations of endothelin-1 (ET-1) and thromboxane B2 (TXB2), increase the expression of nitric oxide (NO) and prostacyclin 2 (PGI2), and improve renal, cardiac, and aortic lesions. At the same time, it can reduce blood pressure and shorten vertigo time. Western blot (WB) and immunohistochemistry (IHC) analyses indicated that CIF may downregulate the expression of NOS3, guanylyl cyclase-alpha 1 (GC-α1), guanylyl cyclase-alpha 2 (GC-α2), and protein kinase CGMP-dependent 1 (PRKG1). These results suggest that CIF may play an antihypertensive role by inhibiting the activation of the NOS3/PRKG1 pathway. Conclusions. The results of this study indicate that CIF has the ability to improve target organs, protect endothelial function, and reduce blood pressure and that CIF might be a potential therapeutic drug for the prevention of hypertension. It provides new insight into hypertension and the potential biological basis and mechanism for CIF clinical research.
Development of Fuel Product Barrier Monitoring System Based on State Functions in State-Oriented Emergency Operating Procedure
Authors: Zhenying Wang , Yanming Shi , Huibo Xu , Lijun Zhang , Shiqing Zhou , Chunyan Gao , Yu Huang
Published: May 2021

For pressurized water reactor nuclear power plants, in order to prevent the release of radioactive substances into environment, fission product barriers (FPBs) are constructed based on the concept of defense-in-depth, including fuel clad, reactor coolant system (RCS), and containment; the status of these FPBs is then acting as an important dimension to decision-making of emergency action levels (EALs). For CPR1000 nuclear power plants, state functions defined in state-oriented emergency operating procedure (SOP) are used to characterize postaccident physical conditions; their degradation substantially represents the challenges on fundamental safety functions and then on the integrity of FPBs in like manner, so degradation of these state functions is referred to as determining initial conditions of each FPB, by which the link between SOP and EALs is established. Then, an intelligent FPB monitoring system (FPBMS) aiming to automatically monitor states of FPBs is developed, verified, and validated. The pioneering work, by building bridges between state functions and initial conditions of FPBs and then computerizing them innovatively, proves that dynamical monitoring of states of FPBs during accident evolvement and real-time indication of loss or potential loss of FPBs can be achieved, which is most helpful in decision-making of EALs.
Autoimmune Encephalitis in Tunisia: Report of a Pediatric Cohort
Authors: Douma Bissene , Ben Younes Thouraya , Benrhouma Hanene , Miladi Zouhour , Zamali Imen , Rouissi Aida , Klaa Hedia , Kraoua Ichraf , Ben Ahmed Melika , Ben Youssef Turki Ilhem
Published: May 2021

Background. Autoimmune encephalitis (AE) is a rapidly progressive encephalopathy caused by antibodies targeting neurons in the central nervous system generating specific immune responses. It is increasingly recognized in children. Objective. To describe clinical, neuroimaging, and laboratory features, treatment, and outcome in a cohort of Tunisian children with AE. Methods. We conducted a retrospective review of the medical records of all children attending the Department of Child and Adolescent Neurology (Tunis) with autoimmune encephalitis between 2004 and 2020. Clinical, neuroimaging, laboratory features, therapeutic data, and outcome were analyzed. Results. Nineteen children were included in the study (12 girls and 7 boys). The median age at diagnosis was 7.68 years (range: 10 months-13 years). The most frequent manifestations were seizures and behavioral disorders. Eleven cases were diagnosed with anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis, 4 cases with anti-Ma2 encephalitis, 3 cases with anti-GAD encephalitis, and 1 case with anti-SOX1 encephalitis. Brain MRI showed increased T2 and fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) signal of the temporal lobe in 5 patients. Eighteen patients showed improvement following first-line immunotherapy (high-dose corticosteroids, intravenous immunoglobulin). One patient with anti-GAD encephalitis died despite escalating immunotherapy. Conclusion. Diagnosis of autoimmune encephalitis is challenging in children, because of misleading presentations. An early and accurate diagnosis is important to enable proper therapeutic interventions.
Microcomputed Tomography and Histological Study of Bone Regeneration Using Tooth Biomaterial with BMP-2 in Rabbit Calvarial Defects
Authors: Wadhwa Puneet , Lee Jeong Hun , Zhao Bing Cheng , Cai HongXin , Rim Jae-Suk , Jang Hyon-Seok , Lee Eui-Seok
Published: May 2021

Our study was aimed to analyze the osteoinductive effect of powdered and block type autogenous bone graft along with bone morphogenetic protein (BMP-2) as compared to synthetic bone graft. Three circular bicortical defects were made in the calvaria of each rabbit and randomly divided into three groups as follows: powdered tooth biomaterial+BMP-2, block tooth biomaterial+BMP-2, and control group: synthetic bone+BMP-2. The samples taken from these defects after 4 and 8 weeks were analyzed histologically along with micro CT analysis. In our study, both powered and block type tooth autogenous bone graft successfully stimulated mesenchymal cells leading to endochondral ossification and bone regeneration. We observed that the powered bone graft material which is acid insoluble especially is preferable as a carrier for BMP-2.
Proposal and Validation of a New Classification of Surgical Outcomes after Colorectal Resections within an Enhanced Recovery Programme
Authors: Tebala Giovanni D. , Hameed Waseem , Di Saverio Salomone , Gallo Gaetano , Bond-Smith Giles
Published: May 2021

Background. Advantages of Enhanced Recovery (ER) programmes in colorectal surgery have already been demonstrated, but heterogeneity exists with respect to the choice of compared outcomes. A comprehensive classification aimed at standardizing the reporting of surgical outcomes has been proposed and validated. Method. Clinical variables of 231 patients who underwent colorectal resections within an ER programme from 2013–2018 were analysed. Their outcomes have been reported according to a new classification in 5 classes and 11 subclasses. Prognostic variables have been identified. Results. Seventy-nine patients (34.2%) had an optimal class 1 outcome. Almost half of the patients had an uneventful recovery after being discharged after day 4 (2a). Only two patients (0.9%) were discharged early and then readmitted for a minor ailment (2b). Total morbidity was 12.6% (3a–5). Perioperative mortality was 2.6% (5). Young age, laparoscopic resection, and years of experience with ER have been identified as independent prognostic factors towards a totally positive outcome. Conclusions. The proposed outcome classification is a simple and objective tool to report the surgical outcome in clinical studies. Its implementation seems to be appropriate, in particular, in the field of ER protocols in colorectal surgery, but it can have a wider application in any other surgical subspeciality.
Martial Arts Competitive Decision-Making Algorithm Based on Improved BP Neural Network
Authors: Lv Huipeng
Published: May 2021

The main body of modern Chinese martial arts competition is the strategy, and fighting has just started in sports competitions. Strategy and action correspond to each other and practice as a set. Therefore, constructing the Chinese martial arts competition decision-making algorithm and perfecting the martial arts competition are intuitive and essential. The formulation of martial arts competition strategies requires scientific analysis of athletic data and more accurate predictions. Based on this observation, this paper combines the popular neural network technology to propose a novel additional momentum-elastic gradient descent. The BP neural network adapts to the learning rate. The algorithm is improved for the traditional BP neural network, such as selecting learning step length, the difficulty of determining the size, and direction of the weight, and the learning rate is not easy to control. The experimental results show that this paper’s algorithm has improved both network scale and running time and can predict martial arts competition routines and formulate scientific strategies.
Long Noncoding RNA HCG11 Acts as a Tumor Suppressor in Gastric Cancer by Regulating miR-942-5p/BRMS1 Axis
Authors: Zhang Qingmei , Yang Keli , Li Jie , Chen Fang , Li Yan , Lin Qiuju
Published: May 2021

The functions of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been widely investigated in human cancers, including gastric cancer (GC). The purpose of this study was to elucidate the role of lncRNA HCG11 in GC. In this study, mRNA and protein expressions were detected by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction assays (RT-qPCR) and Western blot analysis. The proliferation ability of GC cells was examined by (3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-Diphenyl Tetrazolium Bromide) MTT assays. The invasion and migration abilities of GC cells were evaluated by Transwell assays. The binding sites between miR-942-5p and HCG11/BRMS1 were confirmed by dual-luciferase reporter assays. Results showed that LncRNA HCG11 was downregulated in GC cells. Functionally, overexpression of HCG11 inhibited GC cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. In addition, lncRNA HCG11 was found to act as a molecular sponge of miR-942-5p. Furthermore, miR-942-5p promoted GC progression by suppressing lncRNA HCG11 expression. Besides that, BRMS1 was confirmed as a direct target of miR-942-5p. More importantly, breast cancer metastasis suppressor 1 (BRMS1) inhibited GC progression by upregulating lncRNA HCG11 and downregulating miR-942-5p. In conclusion, LncRNA HCG11 inhibited cell proliferation, migration, and invasion in GC by sponging miR-942-5p and upregulating BRMS1.
Source Localization Using Distributed Electromagnetic Vector Sensors
Authors: Zhang Tingping , Wan Di , Wang Xinhai , Wen Fangqing
Published: May 2021

Electromagnetic vector sensor (EVS) array has drawn extensive attention in the past decades, since it offers two‐dimensional direction‐of‐arrival (2D‐DOA) estimation and additional polarization information of the incoming source. Most of the existing works concerning EVS array are focused on parameter estimation with special array architecture, e.g., uniform manifold and sparse arrays. In this paper, we consider a more general scenario that EVS array is distributed in an arbitrary geometry, and a novel estimator is proposed. Firstly, the covariance tensor model is established, which can make full use of the multidimensional structure of the array measurement. Then, the higher‐order singular value decomposition (HOSVD) is adopted to obtain a more accurate signal subspace. Thereafter, a novel rotation invariant relation is exploited to construct a normalized Poynting vector, and the vector cross‐product technique is utilized to estimate the 2D‐DOA. Based on the previous obtained 2D‐DOA, the polarization parameter can be easily achieved via the least squares method. The proposed method is suitable for EVS array with arbitrary geometry, and it is insensitive to the spatially colored noise. Therefore, it is more flexible than the state‐of‐the‐art algorithms. Finally, numerical simulations are carried out to verify the effectiveness of the proposed estimator.
Additional Treatment with Low-Molecular-Weight Heparin Provides a Better Patient Outcome for Neonatal Pulmonary Hemorrhage with Unfractionated Heparin Treatment
Authors: Zheng Youmin , Chen Lingling , Zhang Lingzi , Liu Yongxia
Published: May 2021

Pulmonary hemorrhage occurring in preterm newborns is a catastrophic event and is significantly associated with neonatal deaths. Low-weight-molecular heparin is a medical agent usually used as anticoagulants during pregnancy and has the advantages of good absorption, long half-life, and high bioavailability. This study evaluated the pulmonary function and coagulation function in neonates with pulmonary hemorrhage following intravenous drip of low-molecular-weight heparin and the effects of low-molecular-weight heparin on serum prealbumin and retinol-binding protein levels. A total of 96 neonates with pulmonary hemorrhage were included as study subjects and arranged into the control group and the observation group, 48 per group, based on intravenous drip of unfractionated heparin with or without low-molecular-weight heparin. The neonates receiving intravenous drip of unfractionated heparin and low-molecular-weight heparin exhibited elevated partial pressure of oxygen (PaO2) concomitant with declined partial pressure of carbon (PaCO2) compared to those receiving unfractionated heparin treatment alone. With regard to pulmonary function, neonates receiving combined treatment of unfractionated heparin and low-molecular-weight heparin displayed increased forced expiratory volume in the first second (FEV1), FEV1/forced expiratory vital capacity (FVC), and peak expiratory flow (PEF) (

P
<
0.05

) when comparable to neonates receiving unfractionated heparin treatment alone. As for coagulation function, neonates with pulmonary hemorrhage had decreased activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), prothrombin time (PT), thromboplastin time (TT), and fibrinogen (FIB) after treatment. Expectedly, these decreases were more significantly in neonates undergoing unfractionated heparin coupled with low-molecular-weight heparin (

P
<
0.05

). The control group was given unfractionated heparin, and the observation group was given unfractionated heparin coupled with low-molecular-weight heparin. In addition to pulmonary function and coagulation function, it was also observed that neonates undergoing unfractionated heparin coupled with low-molecular-weight heparin exhibited higher serum levels of serum prealbumin and retinol-binding protein than those treated with unfractionated heparin alone. Finally, higher recovery rate and lower incidence rate of complications, such as pulmonary infection, intracranial hemorrhage, and respiratory distress, were found in the observation group than the control group (

P
<
0.05

). In conclusion, additional treatment with low-molecular-weight heparin could provide a better patient outcome for neonatal pulmonary hemorrhage with unfractionated heparin treatment, as it could notably improve pulmonary function and coagulation function and reduce the incidence of complications.
Segmentation Algorithm for Intracranial Magnetic Resonance Images for Cerebral Stroke Identification and Nursing Evaluation
Authors: Shi Wenjing , Kong Xiangyu , Tian Wei , Yan Yujin , Chen Yusi
Published: May 2021

This study aimed to investigate the therapeutic effect and nursing evaluation of patients with cerebral stroke (CS) through intracranial magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) images under the condition of segmentation algorithm. 199 CS patients were selected and divided randomly into a control group (group A) and an experimental group (group B) based on different treatment methods. Patients of group A were given routine antithrombotic therapy, and patients of group B were treated with intravenous thrombolytic therapy under evaluation of segmentation algorithm-based MRI images. Then, there were comparisons on clinical therapeutic effect, neurological damage score, and daily living ability index score of all patients. After treatment, the total effective rate (92.12%) and daily life index (41.45 ± 11.24) of patients in group B were higher than those of group A (

P

 < 0.05). However, neurological damage scores (3.36 ± 1.13 points) of patients in group B after treatment were lower than those of group A (5.85 ± 2.31 points) (

P

 < 0.05). The routine clinical nursing satisfaction rate (79.8%) was lower than the overall satisfaction rate (97%) of the combination of clinical and imaging nursing (

P

 < 0.05). Therefore, there were greatly clinical therapeutic effects of intravenous thrombolysis evaluated by intracranial MRI images under segmentation algorithm for CS patients, and routine nursing could improve patients’ satisfaction, which were worthy of clinical promotion.
Phenotypic Heterogeneity and Metastasis of Breast Cancer Cells
Authors: Hapach Lauren A. , Carey Shawn P. , Schwager Samantha C. , Taufalele Paul V. , Wang Wenjun , Mosier Jenna A. , Ortiz-Otero Nerymar , McArdle Tanner J. , Goldblatt Zachary E. , Lampi Marsha C. , Bordeleau Francois , Marshall Jocelyn R. , Richardson Isaac M. , Li Jiahe , King Michael R. , Reinhart-King Cynthia A.
Published: May 2021

Although intratumoral genomic heterogeneity can impede cancer research and treatment, less is known about the effects of phenotypic heterogeneities. To investigate the role of cell migration heterogeneities in metastasis, we phenotypically sorted metastatic breast cancer cells into two subpopulations based on migration ability. Although migration is typically considered to be associated with metastasis, when injected orthotopically in vivo, the weakly migratory subpopulation metastasized significantly more than the highly migratory subpopulation. To investigate the mechanism behind this observation, both subpopulations were assessed at each stage of the metastatic cascade, including dissemination from the primary tumor, survival in the circulation, extravasation, and colonization. Although both subpopulations performed each step successfully, weakly migratory cells presented as circulating tumor cell (CTC) clusters in the circulation, suggesting clustering as one potential mechanism behind the increased metastasis of weakly migratory cells. RNA sequencing revealed weakly migratory subpopulations to be more epithelial and highly migratory subpopulations to be more mesenchymal. Depletion of E-cadherin expression from weakly migratory cells abrogated metastasis. Conversely, induction of E-cadherin expression in highly migratory cells increased metastasis. Clinical patient data and blood samples showed that CTC clustering and E-cadherin expression are both associated with worsened patient outcome. This study demonstrates that deconvolving phenotypic heterogeneities can reveal fundamental insights into metastatic progression. More specifically, these results indicate that migratory ability does not necessarily correlate with metastatic potential and that E-cadherin promotes metastasis in phenotypically sorted breast cancer cell subpopulations by enabling CTC clustering.

Significance:

This study employs phenotypic cell sorting for migration to reveal a weakly migratory, highly metastatic breast cancer cell subpopulation regulated by E-cadherin, highlighting the dichotomy between cancer cell migration and metastasis.
Hyperthermia Selectively Destabilizes Oncogenic Fusion Proteins
Authors: Maimaitiyiming Yasen , Wang Qian Qian , Yang Chang , Ogra Yasumitsu , Lou Yinjun , Smith Clayton A. , Hussain Liaqat , Shao Yi Ming , Lin Jiebo , Liu Jinfeng , Wang Lingfang , Zhu Yong , Lou Haiyan , Huang Yuan , Li Xiaoxia , Chang Kao-Jung , Chen Hao , Li Hongyan , Huang Ying , Tse Eric , Sun Jie , Bu Na , Chiou Shih-Hwa , Zhang Yan Fang , Hua Hao Ying , Ma Li Ya , Huang Ping , Ge Ming Hua , Cao Feng-Lin , Cheng Xiaodong , Sun Hongzhe , Zhou Jin , Vasliou Vasilis , Xu Pengfei , Jin Jie , Bjorklund Mikael , Zhu Hong-Hu , Hsu Chih-Hung , Naranmandura Hua
Published: May 2021

The PML/RARα fusion protein is the oncogenic driver in acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL). Although most APL cases are cured by PML/RARα-targeting therapy, relapse and resistance can occur due to drug-resistant mutations. Here we report that thermal stress destabilizes the PML/RARα protein, including clinically identified drug-resistant mutants. AML1/ETO and TEL/AML1 oncofusions show similar heat shock susceptibility. Mechanistically, mild hyperthermia stimulates aggregation of PML/RARα in complex with nuclear receptor corepressors leading to ubiquitin-mediated degradation via the SIAH2 E3 ligase. Hyperthermia and arsenic therapy destabilize PML/RARα via distinct mechanisms and are synergistic in primary patient samples and in vivo, including three refractory APL cases. Collectively, our results suggest that by taking advantage of a biophysical vulnerability of PML/RARα, thermal therapy may improve prognosis in drug-resistant or otherwise refractory APL. These findings serve as a paradigm for therapeutic targeting of fusion oncoprotein–associated cancers by hyperthermia.

Significance:

Hyperthermia destabilizes oncofusion proteins including PML/RARα and acts synergistically with standard arsenic therapy in relapsed and refractory APL. The results open up the possibility that heat shock sensitivity may be an easily targetable vulnerability of oncofusion-driven cancers.

See related commentary by Wu et al., p. 300.
Neuroendocrine Modulation of Cognitive Performance in the Patients with Fibromyalgia
Authors: Qu Ping , Yu Jin-Xia , Chen Gui-Hai
Published: May 2021

Background: Fibromyalgia (FM) is a chronic widespread pain disorder associated with fatigue, tender points, sleep disturbances, and mood disorders. Symptoms associated with FM also include decreased cognitive function in which the neural basis is poorly understood. Neuroendocrine hormones may be correlated with cognitive performance under some ill conditions. However, we are unaware of current evidence on neuroendocrine hormones as factors influencing cognitive function in adults with FM. Objectives: The aim of the study was to assess whether neuroendocrine hormones could affect cognition in the patients with FM. Study Design: This study used a case-control trial design. Setting: Study patients were recruited from the neurological outpatient clinics in the Second Affiliated Hospital and Affiliated Chaohu Hospital of Anhui Medical University and met the American College of Rheumatology criteria for FM. Methods: Forty-six patients with FM were compared with twenty-nine healthy controls (HCs). Several measures of cognitive performance and serum levels of neuroendocrine hormones were used to make these comparisons, and the patients were also asked to complete questionnaires on depression and sleep quality. Partial correlation analysis was performed to control the confounders and linear regression analysis was used to examine the effects of neuroendocrine hormones on cognitive measures. Results: The FM patients had worse performance in attention, short-term memory, orientation, object working memory and spatial reference memory, higher depression scores, and worse sleep quality than HCs. The raised level of cortisol and gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) can protect general cognition, whereas the raised level of cortisol and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) will damage spatial memory. Limitations: We did not study the sex hormones comprehensively. Conclusions: The FM patients showed significant cognitive impairment in several domains. The altered levels of cortisol, thyrotrophin-releasing hormone (TRH), and GnRH may mediate cognitive changes in FM.
Hsa Circ 001839 Promoted Inflammation in Renal Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury Through NLRP3 by miR-432-3p
Authors: Hou Jing , Li Ai-Ling , Xiong Wei-Qun , Chen Run
Published: May 2021

Background: In recent years, increasing discovery of the extremely important regulatory effects of circular RNAs on biological development, angiogenesis, tumor genesis, and development, as well as stem cell proliferation and differentiation has provided new opportunities for investigating regulation mechanism in angiogenesis. Objectives: This study explored the expression of circ 001839 in renal ischemia-reperfusion injury (RI-RI) rats and whether its upstream microRNA-432-3p (miR-432-3p) affects inflammation in both RI-RI rats and NRK52E cells. Methods: Rat model of RI-RI was made, and circ 001839 was identified by the gene-chip analysis in RI-RI rats. Expression of circ 001839 and miR-432-3p was measured by reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction, protein expression of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-1β, interferon (IFN)-γ, IL-6, and IL-18 in rat serum and cell supernatant was determined by ELISA, and the expression of NOD-like receptor 3 (NLRP3) and other gap-associated proteins in NRK52E cells was evaluated by Western blot analysis. Next, to verify the regulatory relationship between circ 001839 and miR-432-3p, 2 luciferase reporters were constructed. Results: Circ 001839 expression of RI-RI rats and NRK52E cells was significantly upregulated, compared with the control group. Circ 001839 overexpression significantly increased inflammation through promoting TNF-α, IFN-γ, and IL-6 expression levels in NRK52E cells. Overexpression of miR-432-3p significantly promoted inflammation in NRK52E cells via induction of NLRP3. Moreover, miR-432-3p decreased the effects of circ 001839-induced inflammation in NRK52E cells. Conclusions: These findings suggested that circ 001839 promoted inflammation in RI-RI through NLRP3 by miR-432-3p.
Diffusion Tensor Imaging Reveals Whole-Brain Microstructural Changes in the P301L Mouse Model of Tauopathy
Authors: Massalimova Aidana , Ni Ruiqing , Nitsch Roger M. , Reisert Marco , von Elverfeldt Dominik , Klohs Jan
Published: May 2021

Introduction: Increased expression of hyperphosphorylated tau and the formation of neurofibrillary tangles are associated with neuronal loss and white matter damage. Using high-resolution ex vivo diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), we investigated microstructural changes in the white and grey matter in the P301L mouse model of human tauopathy at 8.5 months of age. For unbiased computational analysis, we implemented a pipeline for voxel-based analysis (VBA) and atlas-based analysis (ABA) of DTI mouse brain data. Methods: Hemizygous and homozygous transgenic P301L mice and non-transgenic littermates were used. DTI data were acquired for generation of fractional anisotropy (FA), mean diffusivity (MD), radial diffusivity (RD), and axial diffusivity (AD) maps. VBA on the entire brain was performed using SPM8 and the SPM Mouse toolbox. Initially, all DTI maps were coregistered with the Allen mouse brain atlas to bring them to one common coordinate space. In VBA, coregistered DTI maps were normalized and smoothed in order to perform two-sample and unpaired t tests with false discovery rate correction to compare hemizygotes with non-transgenic littermates, homozygotes with non-transgenic littermates, and hemizygotes with homozygotes on each DTI parameter map. In ABA, the average values for selected regions of interests were computed with coregistered DTI maps and labels in Allen mouse brain atlas. Afterwards, a Kruskal-Wallis one-way ANOVA on ranks with a Tukey post hoc test was executed on the estimated average values. Results: With VBA, we found pronounced and brain-wide spread changes when comparing homozygous, P301L mice with non-transgenic littermates, which were not seen when comparing hemizygous P301L with non-transgenic animals. Statistical comparison of DTI metrics in selected brain regions by ABA corroborated findings from VBA. FA was found to be decreased in most brain regions, while MD, RD, and AD were increased in homozygotes compared to hemizygotes and non-transgenic littermates. Discussion/Conclusion: High-resolution ex vivo DTI demonstrated brain-wide microstructural and gene-dose-dependent changes in the P301L mouse model of human tauopathy. The DTI analysis pipeline may serve for the phenotyping of models of tauopathy and other brain diseases.
Platelet Transfusion and Outcomes of Preterm Infants: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Elgendy Marwa M. , Durgham Ryan , Othman Hasan F. , Heis Farah , Abu-Shaweesh Ghada , Saker Firas , Karnati Sreenivas , Aly Hany
Published: May 2021

Background: Prophylactic platelet transfusion has been adopted as a ubiquitous practice in management of thrombocytopenia in preterm infants to reduce the risk of bleeding. Objectives: The objectives of this study were to report the prevalence of platelet transfusion among preterm infants with thrombocytopenia and to assess the association of platelet transfusion with mortality and morbidity in this population. Methods: A cross-sectional study that utilized National Inpatient Sample for the years 2000–2017 was conducted. All preterm infants delivered nationally with birth weight (BW) <1,500 g or gestational age <32 weeks were included. Analyses were repeated after stratifying the population into 2 BW subcategories <1,000 g and 1,000–1,499 g. Logistic regression analysis was performed to adjust for confounding variables. Results: The study included 1,780,299 infants; of them, 22,609 (1.27%) were diagnosed with thrombocytopenia and 5,134 (22.7%) received platelet transfusion. Platelet transfusion was associated with significant increase in mortality (24.8 vs. 13.8%), retinopathy of prematurity (22.3 vs. 19.2%), severe intraventricular hemorrhage (18.3 vs. 10.1%), median length of hospital stays (51 vs. 47 days), and cost of hospitalization (USD 298,204 vs. USD 219,760). Increased mortality was noted in <1,000-g infants (aOR = 1.96, CI: 1.76–2.18, p < 0.001) and 1,000–1,499-g infants (aOR = 2.02, CI: 1.62–2.53, p < 0.001). Platelet transfusion increased over the years in infants with BW <1,000 g (p = 0.001) and in infants with BW 1,000–1,499 g (p < 0.001). Conclusions: Platelet transfusion is associated with increased mortality and comorbidities in premature infants. There is a trend for increased utilization of platelet transfusions over the study period.
Pandemia de covid-19: o SUS mais necessário do que nunca
Authors: Bousquat Aylene , Akerman Marco , Mendes Aquilas , Louvison Marília , Frazão Paulo , Narvai Paulo Capel
Published: May 2021

A discussão sobre as diversas formas de organizar sistemas e serviços de saúde não se restringe mais aos especialistas e passou a ocupar um espaço significativo tanto na mídia comercial e nas redes sociais quanto nas conversas do cotidiano na vigência da pandemia de covid-19. No caso brasileiro, o SUS foi objeto de constantes ataques nos últimos anos. Observa-se uma sucessão de políticas de desmantelamento associadas a um quadro de brutal desfinanciamento. Após o início da pandemia esse quadro começou a apresentar mudanças e o SUS passou a ser valorizado positivamente, registrando-se depoimentos em sua defesa, vindos de bocas e lavras nas quais jamais estiveram presentes. Nesse sentido, este artigo aponta as principais fragilidades e fortalezas do SUS tanto no enfrentamento da pandemia de covid-19, quanto na sua caminhada na direção de um sistema universal de saúde mais efetivo.
A Importância do registro de câncer no planejamento em saúde
Authors: Latorre Maria do Rosario Dias de Oliveira , Almeida Ana Beatriz Machado de , Möller Beatriz Bertuzzo , Silva Tarsila Guimarães Vieira da , Toporcov Tatiana Natasha
Published: May 2021

Os Registros de Câncer de Base Populacional (RCBP) são sistemas de informação em câncer que coletam dados sobre todos os casos novos de câncer de uma área geográfica definida, através de um processo contínuo e sistemático de coleta. São úteis para a vigilância epidemiológica, no acompanhamento de grupos ocupacionais específicos ou coortes de indivíduos expostos a agentes cancerígenos e para o planejamento de políticas públicas e avaliação de serviços de saúde. Neste texto, utilizaramse dados do Registro de Câncer de Base Populacional de São Paulo para exemplificar algumas informações úteis para o planejamento e gestão no município de São Paulo.
O cão e a roleta: Kynismus, Zynismus e carnavalização em "Um jogador", de Dostoiévski
Authors: Araujo João Marcos Cilli de
Published: May 2021

A partir das ideias propostas por Bakhtin a respeito da carnavalização, busca-se uma breve análise do romance Um jogador, publicado por Dostoiévski em 1867. Levando-se em conta a força que o cinismo possui nas origens da literatura carnavalizada, mais especificamente aquela de Luciano de Samósata, analisa-se o narrador e protagonista do romance, o preceptor Aleksiéi Ivânovitch, a partir de tal tradição filosófica. Para isso, recorre-se não apenas a autores da antiguidade, como o próprio Luciano, mas, também, a representantes da filosofia contemporânea que se aventuraram em reflexões a respeito de Diógenes e demais cínicos: o francês Michel Foucault e o alemão Peter Sloterdijk. É a partir das ideias deste último que se propõe a leitura de Aleksiéi como a encarnação da dialética cínica-kynike que caracterizaria a modernidade.
Contre le bourgeois! Levinas lecteur de Dostoïevski et Tolstoï
Authors: Colin Yoann
Published: May 2021

Cet article vise à montrer la convergence entre la façon dont Dostoïevski et Tolstoï, qui furent des écrivains incontournables dans la formation de la pensée de Levinas, esquissent une figure du bourgeois et du désembourgeoisement qui consonne avec celle qu’élabore ce dernier, en particulier au début de son œuvre.
Abordagens metodológicas para estudar o problema da interação entre literatura e filosofia
Authors: Takho-Godi Elena
Published: May 2021

O artigo descreve a experiência de uma equipe de pesquisa que estudou a interação entre a literatura russa e a filosofia nos séculos XIX e XX. O projeto está em andamento no Instituto de Literatura Mundial A.M. Gorky da Academia Russa de Ciências, com apoio financeiro da Fundação Russa de Ciências desde 2017. O artigo apresenta peculiaridades da abordagem ao estudo do problema, preocupação com os aspectos educacionais e informacionais junto com o próprio processo de pesquisa, bem como o uso de várias formas de organização de atividades acadêmicas: uma conferência internacional, atividades de publicação, um seminário acadêmico.
Belinski ou l’impossible hégélianisme moral
Authors: Girard Édouard
Published: May 2021

Cet article entend présenter au lecteur les grands traits de la pensée philosophique de Vissarion Belinski. Plus sphériquement, cet article cherchera à montrer la place singulière occupée par Belinski au sein de l’intelligentsia russe du début du XIXe siècle. Dans une atmosphère largement dominée par l’idéalisme allemand, Belinski cherchera à conserver le rôle singulier de la moralité individuelle dans l’histoire. De ce point de vue, Belinski propose une interprétation de Hegel, discutable du point de vue de la doctrine hégélienne, mais très originale et caractéristique des problèmes philosophiques concrets rencontrés par les l’intelligentsia de cette époque.
Entre a Baixa - Chiado (Lisboa) e a Rua do Ouvidor (Rio de Janeiro): patrimónios também literários
Authors: Almeida Maria Mota
Published: May 2021

Pretendemos com este artigo abordar a importância que os escritores e as respetivas obras detêm para a (re)descoberta e (re)leitura das cidades, por meio da deambulação pelas ruas, facilitando a criação de itinerários literários. A comparação de um trecho da cidade de Lisboa - Baixa, Chiado, Bairro Alto – e um do Rio de Janeiro - Rua do Ouvidor - espelhados, respetivamente, em um conto de Branquinho da Fonseca (1905-1974) e em uma obra de Joaquim Leitão (1875-1956), autores coetâneos, servirá de base para esse nosso passeio. Com efeito, o conto “A Tragédia de D. Rámon” (1938), inserido na coletânea Caminhos Magnéticos e o livro Do Civismo e da Arte no Brasil (1900), permitem-nos, ao deambular pelas ruas das ditas cidades, compreender o potencial das mesmas enquanto espaço de sociabilidade, de vivências e de afetos. Potencial esse subordinado às dinâmicas culturais e sociais que lhe estão inerentes, numa determinada época, filtradas pelo olhar do escritor que é também um flâneur (Walter Benjamin, 1994), um observador, um leitor minucioso da cidade através do registo polifónico da vivência da(s) rua(s). Nessa intersecção entre literatura e turismo pretendemos fomentar o gosto de viajar acompanhado pelos escritores e dar a conhecer outros encantos dessas duas ‘cidades maravilhosas’. Em termos metodológicos faremos o levantamento dos patrimónios e dos locais que compõem a obra e que irão permitir, mediante a metodologia de análise de conteúdo (Bardin) , uma leitura do espaço urbano. Proporemos um itinerário que sirva de motivação para uma visita em que se pretende conhecer os escritores, resgatar a memória e contribuir para um turismo diferenciado apostado na personalização. Ao adaptar para o cinema o conto de Branquinho da Fonseca, a “A Tragédia de D. Rámon”, sob o título de Caminhos Magnéticos – estreou no Brasil em 2018 e em Portugal, em 2019 – o realizador Edgar Pêra convida dois artistas brasileiros: Ney Matogrosso,  para interpretar um ‘espírito’ chamado André, e Helena Ignez.
Geografia e arte: uma discussão necessária
Authors: Neves Nicole Scassiotta
Published: May 2021

A coletânea “Espaço, Sujeito e Existência: diálogos geográficos das artes” propõe, pela visão geográfica, analisar a arte, seja na literatura, na música e outras expressões artísticas a partir de uma divisão em três partes que abordam as dimensões existenciais e teóricas do espaço; as dimensões geográficas do sujeito na música e as dimensões da existência no cinema e na literatura.
Blood-Based Cardiac Biomarkers and the Risk of Cognitive Decline, Cerebrovascular Disease, and Clinical Events
Authors: Gyanwali Bibek , Lai Mitchell K.P. , Lui Benedict , Liew Oi Wah , Venketasubramanian Narayanaswamy , Richards Arthur Mark , Chen Christopher , Hilal Saima
Published: May 2021

Background and Purpose:

Cardiac biomarkers, NT-proBNP (N-terminal probrain natriuretic peptide), hs-cTnT (high-sensitivity-cardiac troponin T), and GDF-15 (growth differentiation factor-15) have been proposed as important biomarkers of early vascular pathology. However, little is known of the longitudinal associations of these cardiac biomarkers with cerebrovascular disease and clinical events. We examine the association of blood-based cardiac biomarkers (NT-proBNP, hs-cTnT, and GDF-15) with cognitive decline, incident cerebrovascular disease, vascular events, and mortality.

Methods:

Four hundred thirty-four memory-clinic patients provided blood samples at baseline, underwent 3 annual neuropsychological assessments and brain magnetic resonance imaging scans at baseline and follow-up. NT-proBNP and hs-cTnT concentrations were measured by electrochemiluminescence immunoassay and GDF-15 by quantitative sandwich immunoassay. Baseline and follow-up magnetic resonance imagings were graded for white matter hyperintensities, lacunes, cerebral microbleeds, cortical infarcts, and intracranial stenosis. Data on incident vascular events and mortality were obtained.

Results:

Patients with higher levels of NT-proBNP, hs-cTnT, and GDF-15 showed greater decline in memory domain. Additionally, hs-cTnT was associated with decline in global cognition, executive function, and visuomotor speed. Higher levels of NT-proBNP were associated with incident cerebral microbleeds and hs-cTnT with incident cortical infarcts. During a mean follow-up of 3 years, 26 (5.9%) patients died and 35 (8.1%) developed vascular events. Patients with higher levels of NTpro-BNP and hs-cTnT were at increased risk of vascular events whereas those with higher levels of NT-proBNP and GDF-15 were at risk of mortality.

Conclusions:

Higher levels of blood-based cardiac biomarkers were associated with decline in memory and risk of vascular events and mortality. Moreover, NT-proBNP and hs-cTnT were associated with incident cerebral microbleeds and cortical infarcts. Thus, these biomarkers are potentially useful in identifying patients at risk of adverse vascular events and death.
Ancient Roots of Contemporary Cosmopolitanism
Authors: Shestova Tatiana
Published: May 2021

Analyzing ancient cosmopolitanism we can identify the various groups of interests behind contemporary globalization models. There are three directions in contemporary cosmopolitanism: egalitarian, libertarian, and mondialistic. Each of them is associated with a certain ancient school – the Cynics, Cyrenaics, Stoics. Each of these three lines has a definite social basis both in Antiquity and in the Age of Globalization. Cosmopolitanism is considered as a universal in time and space philosophical doctrine and ideological principia. Looking at cosmopolitanism through global-historical perspective, we can see its unchanged, permanent essence, which does not depend on concrete conditions. This article looks at ancient cosmopolitanism as a folded (latent) programme of globalization. Using the global-historical approach and the method of historical analogues the author reveals social and philosophical roots of contemporary cosmopolitanism in Antiquity. Some parallels between Hellenistic ethics and Confucian cosmopolitanism are drawn. The directions of ancient cosmopolitanism are compared to those of present.
Virtue Through Habituation: Virtue Cultivation in the Xunzi
Authors: Tang Siufu
Published: May 2021

This paper investigates virtue cultivation in the Xunzi《荀子》, paying particular attention to the early formation period. I first give a brief survey of the usage of the character de 德 in the Xunzi and the corresponding understanding of virtue cultivation. With the identification of some of the most controversial questions regarding Xunzi’s ethical thought, including how a person with a bad nature comes to be attracted to virtue, recognize the value of virtue cultivation, and embark on the path of virtue cultivation, I then review the efforts that have been made to address these questions and evaluate what challenges remain. I go on to argue that such challenges can be met and articulate how a petty man can be attracted to and also recognize true virtue. Finally, borrowing some resources from Aristotle’s idea of habituation of virtuous actions, I argue that it is possible for a person to embark on virtue cultivation, even though he is without prior moral dispositions and internal motivation for virtue.
On Implementation of Intersectionality in Prosecuting and Adjudicating Mass Atrocities by the International Criminal Court
Authors: Maučec Gregor
Published: May 2021

This article examines the relevant case law of the International Criminal Court (hereafter icc or Court) in order to assess the actual scope, confines and prospects of taking ‘intersectionality’ perspective in the Court’s prosecution and adjudication of mass atrocities involving discriminatory targeting. While the icc Prosecutor and judges traditionally resorted to uni-sectional analysis in considering such atrocities, some of the Court’s more recent jurisprudence subsequent to the adoption of the icc Prosecutor’s Policy Papers on Sexual and Gender-Based Crimes (2014) and on Children (2016) seems to be indicative of a more intersectionality-friendly approach to prosecuting and adjudicating international crimes against different protected groups and their members. In addition to the two Prosecutor’s policy documents—both of which explicitly address the interplay between phenomena of interesectional discrimination and mass crimes in the work of the icc Prosecutor—the Al Hassan confirmation decision, carii decisions and Ntaganda reparations order appear to betoken similarly positive developments towards pursuing more intersectional approach in the icc case law. A critical and chronological assessment of the Court’s intersectionality jurisprudence, however, suggests that it may be too early to say that these recent developments in icc case law are to be seen as an indication of an emerging trend to give greater and more conscious consideration to the intersectionality phenomena in its rulings. They may just as well simply represent occasional lucid moments in the Court’s reasoning and pronouncement on this complex issue. It is accordingly proposed that the icc should take intersectionality more seriously in both prosecution and adjudication of international crimes that involve multiple and intersecting forms of discrimination. Having discussed what that might have looked like in some of the earlier icc case law, the article turns to consider the prospects and space for the icc to actually implement intersectionality in its future jurisprudence. It looks at potential practical implications of the proposed jurisprudential developments for the Court and for the field of international criminal justice more generally. Finally, the article also reflects on the eventual pitfalls and challenges that such a regular and consistent intersectionality-driven interpretation and application of international criminal law may present for the Court.
Hymnographic Complex by Meletios Syrigos Dedicated to the Kyivan Cave Saints and All Russian Saints in the Russian Tradition
Authors: Borisova Tatiana
Published: May 2021

In this paper, topics regarding the glorification of the Kyivan Cave Saints and other Kyivan Saints of the 17th century are discussed, based on the hymnographic complex (complete feast service and paraklesis) to the Kyivan Cave Saints and All Russian Saints composed by Meletios Syrigos, prominent Cretan scholar and official legate of the Ecumenical Patriarch, during his stay in Kyiv in June 1643. The two manuscripts containing the Greek hymnographic text studied – including the autograph manuscript – reference the names of 55 Kyivan Cave Saints as well as 19 other Kyivan Saints, some of whom remain unknown. The Church Slavonic translation carried out directly after the composition of the Greek text was realized in two stages and is analyzed according to two manuscript sources. Only some parts of Meletios’ complex, namely the Paraklesis with the stichera and troparia, were translated into Slavonic. Several decades later (before 1677), the text of this translation was revised without consulting the original Greek text, resulting in the version kept in Church practice today. During the process of this revision, significant changes were made to the text, both regarding the commemorated persons and their presentation. Therefore, the comparative analysis of the Greek text alongside the Church Slavonic texts reveals unknown aspects and stages of the recognition and acceptance of the Kyivan Cave Saints both in Peter Mohyla’s time and later on, as well as the role of Meletios Syrigos in this process.