bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Exploring Relationships Between Nonprofit Participation and Political Participation in Asian Context
Authors: Liu Helen K.
Published: July 2023

One essential role of nonprofits (NPOs) is to provide opportunities for people to participate in movements and resolve collective issues. This study investigates how NPO participation affects participation in political activities in Asian countries. Specifically, we ask how nonprofit engagement fosters active political activities in Asia. Using the Asian Barometer Survey, which provides information on NPO participation, political contact, and political participation activities, this study empirically examines the correlation between nonprofit participation and political participation in Asia. Our findings confirmed a positive relationship between nonprofit participation and political participation in Asia when controlling individual characteristics, location, and time fixed effects. Furthermore, our analyses further verify moderating effects of political regimes on this relationship, especially for the authoritarian and hybrid regimes. Our findings suggest that regulations, policies, and self-governance should be designed to cultivate a healthy NPO sector in terms of growth, diversity, and accessibility to citizens.
HURI: Hybrid user risk identification in social networks
Authors: Corizzo Roberto , Pio Gianvito , Barracchia Emanuele Pio , Pellicani Antonio , Japkowicz Nathalie , Ceci Michelangelo
Published: July 2023

The massive adoption of social networks increased the need to analyze users’ data and interactions to detect and block the spread of propaganda and harassment behaviors, as well as to prevent actions influencing people towards illegal or immoral activities. In this paper, we propose HURI, a method for social network analysis that accurately classifies users assafeorrisky, according to their behavior in the social network. Specifically, the proposed hybrid approach leverages both the topology of the network of interactions and the semantics of the content shared by users, leading to an accurate classification also in the presence of noisy data, such as users who may appear to be risky due to the topic of their posts, but are actually safe according to their relationships. The strength of the proposed approach relies on the full and simultaneous exploitation of both aspects, giving each of them equal consideration during the combination phase. This characteristic makes HURI different from other approaches that fully consider only a single aspect and graft partial or superficial elements of the other into the first. The achieved performance in the analysis of a real-world Twitter dataset shows that the proposed method offers competitive performance with respect to eight state-of-the-art approaches.
A time-series analysis of short-term ambient ozone exposure and hospitalizations from acute myocardial infarction in Henan, China
Authors: Wei Yulong , Fei Lin , Wang Yongbin , Zhang Min , Chen Zhigang , Guo Huige , Ge Shiqi , Zhu Sen , Dong Pingshuan , Yang Kan , Xie Na , Zhao Guoan
Published: July 2023

Epidemiological studies in recent years have identified an association between exposure to air pollutants and acute myocardial infarction (AMI); however, the association between short-term ozone (O3) exposure and AMI hospitalization remains unclear, particularly in developing countries. Therefore, this study collected information on 24,489 AMI patients, including daily air pollutant and meteorological data in Henan, China, between 2016 and 2021. A distributed lagged nonlinear model combined with a Poisson regression model was used to estimate the nonlinear lagged effect of O3 on AMI hospitalizations. We also quantified the effects of O3 on the number of AMI hospitalizations, hospitalization days, and hospitalization costs. The results showed that single- and dual-pollution models of O3 at lag0, lag1, and lag (01–07) were risk factors for AMI hospitalizations, with the most significant effect at lag03 (RR = 1.132, 95% CI:1.083–1.182). Further studies showed that males, younger people (15–64 years), warm seasons, and long sunshine duration were more susceptible to O3. Hospitalizations attributable to O3 during the study period accounted for 11.66% of the total hospitalizations, corresponding to 2856 patients, 33,492 hospital days, and 90 million RMB. Maintaining O3 at 10–130 µg/m3 can prevent hundreds of AMI hospitalizations and save millions of RMB per year in Henan, China. In conclusion, we found that short-term exposure to O3 was significantly associated with an increased risk of hospitalization for AMI in Henan, China, and that further reductions in ambient O3 levels may have substantial health and economic benefits for patients and local healthcare facilities.

Graphical Abstract
Prognosis of post-neoadjuvant therapy patients who underwent immediate breast reconstruction: a SEER-based, propensity-matched study
Authors: Pan Jiahao , Peng Liying , Tong Xiuwen , Chen Xipei , Xu Xinyun , Zhang Jian
Published: July 2023

Objective

The application of immediate breast reconstruction (IBR) for post-neoadjuvant therapy (NAT) patients was controversial. The aim of this study was to investigate the long-term survival outcomes of IBR for these patients.

Methods

Data between January 2010 and November 2017 were extracted from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database. Propensity score matching (PSM) was performed to reduce the influence of confounding factors between the mastectomy alone group (MA) and the mastectomy with IBR group (IBR). The rates of 5 year breast cancer-specific survival (BCSS) were compared by Kaplan–Meier curves with log-rank test.

Results

The IBR was associated with improved 5-year BCSS in the IBR group before PSM (88.5 vs. 79.1%, P < 0.001). The proportion of IBR increased from 21.5% in 2010 to 28.2% in 2017. After PSM, a total of 9,610 patients were enrolled for survival analysis (4,805 in each group). In the complete response (CR) group, the 5-year BCSS rates did not differ (93.4 vs. 95.6%, P = 0.16). In the non-CR group, the 5-year BCSS rate was higher in patients who received IBR (82.5% 79.4%, P = 0.034).

Conclusion

In general, the application of IBR among post-NAT patients has steadily increased from 2010 to 2017. In the CR group, survival outcomes of post-NAT patients who received IBR were similar to those who received mastectomy alone. In the non-CR group, IBR was associated with potential survival benefits. More studies are expected to validate our findings.
Nutrition in the Management of ADHD: A Review of Recent Research
Authors: Lange Klaus W. , Lange Katharina M. , Nakamura Yukiko , Reissmann Andreas
Published: July 2023

Purpose of Review

Various nutrients and diet quality have been suggested to be involved in the pathophysiology of ADHD. The purpose of this review was to examine data from recent cohort studies and dietary interventions to determine whether nutrition may play a role in the management of ADHD.

Recent Findings

Preliminary evidence suggests that minerals might have beneficial effects on ADHD symptomatology. Probiotics might offer novel strategies to prevent or treat ADHD. Inverse associations between adherence to “healthy” diets and ADHD symptoms have been observed. Children with ADHD responding to the few-foods diet (or oligoantigenic diet) with an elimination of individually identified food items show substantially improved behavior and cognitive functioning.

Evidence from recent research does not allow any recommendations regarding the use of micronutrients or probiotics in the management of ADHD. The few-foods diet may become an additional therapeutic option for children with ADHD.
Emerging Conflict of Interests for the Rhinologic Surgeon Entrepreneur
Authors: Carney A. Simon
Published: July 2023

Purpose of Review

Many rhinologists are inspired thinkers and come up with ideas that have the potential to create novel technology or devices which are worthy of introduction into the commercial arena. There are many ethical, financial, sociological and academic problems which need to be considered in this complex legal arena.

Recent Findings

Research fraud is now an increasing reality which makes investors and colleagues cynical of initial claims of effectiveness. Doctors are also bound by ethical obligations which do not necessarily apply to others in the medical device and therapeutic industry. Whilst individuals may dream of the “get rich quick” outcome because of their intellectual property, unfortunately, the reality could not be further from the truth.

In this article, we will attempt to talk through all the various pitfalls that may be encountered and suggest some ways of minimising ethical, psychological, financial and academic pitfalls which may trip up our budding rhinological entrepreneur along the way.
Liquid superlubricity of lubricants containing hydroxyl groups and their aqueous solution under rolling/sliding conditions
Authors: Poláček Tomáš , Šperka Petr , Křupka Ivan
Published: July 2023

Macroscale rolling/sliding conditions are in the superlubricity, a little-studied topic so far. The purpose of this paper is to examine the formation of elastohydrodynamic lubrication (EHL) films by water-based lubricants (glycerol and polyethylene glycol (PEG)), providing superlubricous friction. Experiments were carried out on an optical ball-on-disc tribometer under rolling/sliding conditions. The film thickness was measured by the thin film colorimetric interferometry, and the viscosity of liquids was measured by rotational and high-pressure falling body viscometers. The results show that tribochemical reactions are not the mandatory reason for friction to reach the superlubricity level when using the water-based lubricants. The studied liquids themselves are almost Newtonian. With the addition of water, the signs of shear thinning behavior disappear even more. Suitable conditions for this type of lubricant can be predicted using the known Hamrock–Dowson equations. An anomaly in the thickness of the lubricants was observed as an abrupt change at certain conditions. The more PEG there is in the lubricant, the higher the thickness at the beginning of the jump.
Friction reactions induced by selective hydrogenation of textured surface under lubricant conditions
Authors: Du Naizhou , Wei Xubing , Li Xiaowei , Chen Zan , Lu Shiqi , Ding Jiaqing , Feng Cunao , Chen Kai , Qiao Jianghao , Zhang Dekun , Lee Kwang-Ryeol , Zhang Tiancai
Published: July 2023

The passivation of hydrogen atoms and the conformation of textured surfaces under oil-lubricated conditions are effective strategies to obtain amorphous carbon (a-C) films with extremely low friction. It is critical to understanding the influence mechanism of selective surface hydrogenation on the tribological behaviors of textured a-C film under oil-lubricated conditions. In particular, the interactions of hydrogen atoms and lubricants are confusing, which is enslaved to the in situ characterization technique. The reactive molecular dynamics (RMD) simulations were conducted to analyze the friction response of textured a-C films with selective hydrogenation surfaces under oil-lubricated conditions. The results indicate that the existence of hydrogen atoms on specific bump sites significantly decreases the friction coefficient (μ) of textured a-C film, which is highly dependent on the surface hydrogen content. The repulsion between hydrogen atoms and lubricant molecules prompts the formation of a dense lubricant film on the surface of the mating material. Interestingly, with the enhancement of the surface hydrogen content, the passivation of the friction interface and the repulsion between hydrogen atoms and lubricants play dominant roles in reducing the friction coefficient instead of hydrodynamic lubrication.
Zufriedenheit mit den Arbeitsbedingungen und das Burnout-Risiko der Pädagogen an den Musikschulen: ein Altersvergleich
Authors: Böckelmann Irina , Kirsch Marieke
Published: July 2023

Hintergrund

Die Belastungssituation und das Burnout-Risiko im Beruf eines Musikpädagogen an Musikschulen wurde bisher kaum untersucht. Wie ist die Arbeitszufriedenheit und die Erholungsunfähigkeit von Musikpädagogen sowie das Burnout-Risiko in dieser Berufsgruppe, sind die Fragen, die altersbezogen mit Hilfe einer Online-Befragung untersucht wurden.

Methodik

Insgesamt nahmen 205 Musikpädagogen (davon 33,7 % männlich und 66,3 % weiblich) an der Online-Befragung teil. 12,8 % befanden sich in der Altersgruppe bis 35 Jahre, 15,8 % waren 36–45 Jahre alt und 71,4 % waren 46 Jahre und älter. Der Fragebogen beinhaltete Fragen zur Zufriedenheit mit den Arbeitsbedingungen, zum Faktor Erholungsunfähigkeit aus dem Fragebogen zur Analyse belastungsrelevanter Anforderungsbewältigung und dem Maslach-Burnout-Inventar.

Ergebnisse

Die Zufriedenheit mit den Arbeitsbedingungen, Erholungsunfähigkeit und das Burnout-Risiko der Pädagogen an den Musikschulen sind in drei hier untersuchten Altersgruppen statistisch vergleichbar. Die Häufigkeit vom manifesten Burnout-Risiko entsprechend des Maslach-Burnout-Inventars liegt bei 8,6 % der Musikpädagogen. Die außerhalb der Norm ermittelte Erholungsunfähigkeit zeigt sich bei 30,5 % der Musikpädagogen.

Diskussion

Im Vergleich zu den Lehrern an allgemeinbildenden Schulen liegt die Häufigkeit von Burnout-Symptomen bis hin zum manifesten Burnout-Risiko bei Musikpädagogen etwas höher. Im Rahmen der ganzheitlichen arbeitsmedizinischen Vorsorge bei Musikpädagogen sollte eine individuelle Risikoanalyse und individuumsbezogene Beratung zu Problemen und Gefährdungen bei ihrer Tätigkeit erfolgen.
The étale cohomology ring of the ring of integers of a number field
Authors: Ahlqvist Eric , Carlson Magnus
Published: July 2023

We compute the cohomology ring $$H^*(X,{{\mathbb {Z}}}/n{{\mathbb {Z}}})$$

H
∗

(
X
,
Z
/
n
Z
)

for X the spectrum of the ring of integers of a number field K. As an application, we give a non-vanishing formula for an invariant defined by Minhyong Kim.
Detection of spatial and temporal precipitation patterns using remotely sensed data in the Paranapanema River Basin, Brazil from 2000 to 2021
Authors: Manzione Rodrigo Lilla
Published: July 2023

Precipitation is the major input of the hydrological cycle in tropical regions. Changes in the spatial and temporal patterns of precipitation should be investigated in order to provide in-time information for both water and land use planning. Climate and land use changes have been influencing modification in the water cycle, demanding adaptations and increasing the vulnerability of water-dependent systems. This study investigated spatial and temporal changes in precipitation patterns in the Paranapanema River Basin (PPRB), Brazil. The PPRB region is an important agricultural and hydroelectric power generation hub and has been suffering from water crises in recent years, and more intensely in the last 5–10 years. The analysis used remote sensing precipitations data from September 2000 to August 2021 (summing up twenty-one hydrological years) at 0.1° resolution. Exploratory Spatial and Temporal Data Analysis (ESTDA) were applied to verify spatial local autocorrelation and hot/cold spots clusters, and temporal trends, homogeneity, and change points in the time series at Hydrological Planning Unit (HPU) scale level. The significant results were discussed based on statistical tests and land use cover change data. There is a strong presence of precipitation spatial patterns in the PPRB. Also, the PPRB presented modifications in the precipitation regime over the analyzed period, with significant change points around 2015—2017. Further monitoring is recommended in order to confirm these results in the long term, however, the provided information can already be used as an award to local and regional water bodies installed in the river basin, supporting informative water management.
Comparative efficacy of apneic oxygenation with face mask versus face mask alone pre-oxygenation to Prevent desaturation during endotracheal intubation of elective Pediatric surgical patients at St. Peter hospital, Addis Ababa Ethiopia:A single center prospective cohort study
Authors: Gesso Ashenafi Seifu , Regasa Tsion Lemma , Goshu Eyayalem Melese , Woldemariam Lemlem Getachew , Fekede Mulualem Sitot
Published: July 2023

Abstract

Background

Apneic oxygenation using a nasal cannula is used to deliver oxygen continuously during the apneic period of endotracheal intubation to prevent desaturation. Pre-oxygenation using face mask alone technique may be insufficient to provide a safe apnea period in pediatric patients who are at high risk for rapid desaturation compared to added apneic oxygenation. This study compared the efficacy of apneic oxygenation with a face mask (AO) versus a face mask alone (FMA) pre-oxygenation to prevent desaturation during endotracheal intubation in elective pediatric surgical patients.

Methods

A prospective cohort study was conducted on two equal groups of elective pediatric patients observed in either use of apneic oxygenation with a face mask (AO) or face mask alone(FMA) pre-oxygenation during endotracheal intubation at the study hospital from early December 2021 to late March 2022. The data were collected using a structured questionnaire. The primary outcome variable was the desaturation SpO2 (<94%) observed during endotracheal intubation. The categorical data were analyzed using a χ2-test. Parametric data were analyzed using an independent t-test or one-way ANOVA as appropriate with a 95% CI and a p-value of < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. The Bonferroni post hoc analysis was employed to test the significance of means between the groups.

Results

The mean desaturation level was (SpO2 = 95.74 ± 2.99) in apneic oxygenation with face-mask group and (SpO2 = 93.96 ± 3.74) in the face-mask alone group(p = 0.006) with medium effect size (Cohan’s d = 0.06). A one-way ANOVA showed a statistically significant difference in the mean (±SD) of desaturation level with the number of attempts at endotracheal intubation within the groups (P = 0.005). The Bonferroni pairwise comparison within groups, showed that the mean (±SD) desaturation level during endotracheal intubation for the participant with >2 attempts is significantly lower than for participants with only 1 attempt (p-value = 0.004).

Conclusion and recommendation

A continuous administration of apneic oxygenation (5-l/min) by nasal cannula during endotracheal intubation significantly reduced desaturation in pediatrics. We recommend the use of apneic oxygenation (AO) in pediatrics during intubation time.

Highlights
Reductive Evidentialism and the Normativity of Logic
Authors: Shoaibi Nader
Published: July 2023

‘Reductive Evidentialism’ seeks to explain away all ‘structural’ requirements of rationality—including norms of logical coherence—in terms of ‘substantive’ norms of rationality, i.e., responsiveness to evidence. While this view constitutes a novel take on the source of the normativity of logic, I argue that it faces serious difficulties. My argument, in a nutshell, is that on the assumption that individuals with the same evidence can have different rational responses (interpersonal permissivism), the view lacks the resources to maintain its central tenet that an individual’s body of evidence cannot make it rationally permissible for the individual to believe logical inconsistencies (intrapersonal nonpermissivism).
South African university students’ experiences of online group cognitive behavioural therapy: Implications for delivering digital mental health interventions to young people
Authors: Hunt Xanthe , Jivan Dionne C. , Naslund John A. , Breet Elsie , Bantjes Jason
Published: July 2023

Mental disorders are common among university students. In the face of a large treatment gap, resource constraints and low uptake of traditional in-person psychotherapy services by students, there has been interest in the role that digital mental health solutions could play in meeting students’ mental health needs. This study is a cross-sectional, qualitative inquiry into university students’ experiences of an online group cognitive behavioural therapy (GCBT) intervention. A total of 125 respondents who had participated in an online GCBT intervention completed a qualitative questionnaire, and 12 participated in in-depth interviews. The findings provide insights into how the context in which the intervention took place, students’ need for and expectations about the intervention; and the online format impacted their engagement and perception of its utility. The findings of this study also suggest that, while online GCBT can capitalise on some of the strengths of both digital and in-person approaches to mental health programming, it also suffers from some of the weaknesses of both digital delivery and those associated with in-person therapies.
Effects of wall vibrations on channel flows
Authors: Haq N.N. , Floryan J.M.
Published: July 2023

The effect of surface vibrations on the pressure-gradient-driven flows in channels has been studied. The analysis considered monochromatic waves and laminar flows. The effectiveness of the vibrations was gauged by determining the pressure gradient correction required to maintain the same flow rate as without vibrations. Waves propagating upstream always increase pressure losses. Flow response to waves propagating downstream is more complex and changes as a function of the flow Reynolds number. Such waves reduce losses if the Reynolds number

$Re <\ \sim\!\!100$

, but these waves must be sufficiently fast to reduce pressure losses for larger Re values. In general, the supercritical waves, i.e. waves faster than the reference flow, reduce pressure losses with the magnitude of reduction increasing monotonically with the wave phase speed and wavenumber. The need for an external pressure gradient is eliminated if sufficiently short and fast waves are used. Generally, the subcritical waves, i.e. waves with velocities similar to the reference flow, increase pressure losses. This increase changes somewhat irregularly as a function of the wave phase speed and wavenumber forming local maxima and minima. These waves can reduce pressure losses only if the Reynolds number becomes large enough. It is shown that subcritical waves with very small amplitudes but matching the natural flow frequencies produce significant pressure losses.
Close-contact melting of shear-thinning fluids
Authors: Hu Nan , Fan Li-Wu
Published: July 2023

This study aims at establishing a model for close-contact melting (CCM) of shear-thinning fluids. We presented a theoretical framework for predicting the variation of liquid melt film thickness and motion of unmelted solid for both Carreau and power-law fluids. We identified the appropriate energy equation considering the convective effect and derived an analytical temperature profile across the liquid film. Using the lubrication approximation, force equilibrium relationships and the corresponding numerical approaches were built. By using laser interferometry and photographic recording methods, we found excellent agreement between numerical solutions and experimental results for Carreau liquids, revealing that the convective effect weakens heat transfer and melting rate. We identified the critical liquid film thickness that determines three situations of CCM in the theoretical model for Carreau fluids. Numerical prediction demonstrated that the CCM of Carreau fluids can be almost equivalent to that of power-law fluids if the initial film thickness is greater than the critical value. Finally, approximate analytical models were developed for both Carreau and power-law models. For the applicability of the approximate analytical solutions, we derived two- and three-dimensional dimensionless phase diagrams of validity range and identified a key dimensionless group

$(\varLambda Re)^{4/3}{Re}\left [3\ln (Ste+1)\right ]^{1/3}{Pe}^{-1/3}$

, where

$\varLambda$

is dimensionless characteristic time, Re is Reynolds number, Ste is Stefan number and Pe is Peclect number. The reliability of the approximate solutions was verified by comparing with the numerical results. These approximate solutions enable convenient and low-cost computational prediction of the dynamic CCM process of shear-thinning fluids.
Democracy and Bad Government in Latin America
Authors: Langston Joy K.
Published: July 2023

This essay reviews the following works:

Los últimos años de la reforma agraria mexicana, 1971–1991: Una historia política desde el noroeste. By Luis Aboites Aguilar. Mexico City: El Colegio de Mexico Press, 2022. Pp. 333. Paperback. $280.00. ISBN: 9786075643199.

Non-Policy Politics: Richer Voters, Poorer Voters, and the Diversification of Electoral Strategies. By Ernesto Calvo and Maria Victoria Murillo. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2019. Pp. vii + 300. Hardcover. $85.00. ISBN: 97811087497008.97.

The Volatility Curse: Exogenous Shocks and Representations in Resource-Rich Democracies. By Daniela Campello and Cesar Zucco. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2021. Pp. vii + 240. Paperback. $39.99. ISBN: 9781108795357.

Hybrid Regimes within Democracy: Fiscal Federalism and Subnational Rentier States. By Carlos Gervasoni. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2018. Pp. vii + 290. Paperback. $29.99. ISBN: 9781316510735.

Life in the Political Machine: Dominant-Party Enclaves and the Citizens They Produce. By Jonathan Hiskey and Mason Mosely. New York: Oxford University Press, 2020. Pp. vii + 282. Hardcover. $82.00. ISBN: 9780197500408.

Conservative Party-Building in Latin America: Authoritarian Inheritance and Counterrevolutionary and Struggle. By James Loxton. New York: Oxford University Press, 2021. Pp. xii + 304. Hardcover. $74.00. ISBN: 9780197537527.

Votes for Survival: Relational Clientelism in Latin America. By Simeon Nichter. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2018. Pp. ix + 324. Paperback. $32.99. ISBN: 9781108449502.

Local Mexico: Democratic Transitions in an Authoritarian Context. By Patricia Olney. Boulder, CO: First Forum, Lynne Rienner Press, 2018. Pp. 351. Hardcover. $89.95. ISBN: 978-1-62637-683-0.
A speleothem record of seasonality and moisture transport around the 8.2 ka event in Central Europe (Vacska Cave, Hungary)
Authors: Demény Attila , Czuppon György , Kern Zoltán , Hatvani István Gábor , Topál Dániel , Karlik Máté , Surányi Gergely , Molnár Mihály , Kiss Gabriella Ilona , Szabó Máté , Shen Chuan-Chou , Hu Hsun-Ming , May Zoltán
Published: July 2023

A stalagmite was collected in northern Hungary from the Vacska Cave, where monitoring and ventilation-based site selection had been conducted. The stalagmite covers the 10–8 ka (relative to AD 1950) period, including the so-called 8.2 ka event, and showed preceding signs of climate change that were evaluated by petrographic observations, 14C activities, Sr concentrations, and stable isotope compositions of calcite and inclusion-hosted water. Comparisons of speleothem records show that isotope peaks at ca. 8.5 ka are related to a regional climate anomaly, rather than to a continental-scale event. In accordance with regional proxy records, the 8.2 ka event was associated with a series of temperature and precipitation amount changes, starting with cooling and a reduction in the winter-to-summer precipitation ratio, and then becoming a humid and warm phase at 8.15 ka. X-ray diffraction-based crystallinity parameter (FWHM) values provided evidence for diagenetic alteration of the stable oxygen isotope compositions of inclusion waters. Nevertheless, the stable hydrogen isotope compositions of inclusion waters and the oxygen isotope values of the host calcite revealed elevated d-excess values, and therefore increased Mediterranean moisture contribution during the 8.2 ka event, which indirectly indicate the southward displacement of moisture transport from the Atlantic Ocean.
Localising linguistic citizenship in England
Authors: Rampton Ben , Cooke Melanie , Bryers Dermot , Winstanley Becky , Leung Constant , Tomei Anthony , Holmes Sam
Published: July 2023

What's the relevance of ‘Linguistic Citizenship' (LC), a concept developed in southern Africa, to language education in England? LC is committed to democratic participation and voice, to linguistic diversity and the value of sociolinguistic understanding (Stroud 2001), and it provides a framework for contesting linguistic conditions in England, where vernacular multilingualism faces monolingual language education policies and an officially ‘hostile environment for migrants'. In fact, LC lines up with four sources of opposition to this: civil society and small-scale community organisations cultivating heritage language multilingualism; experience of system-wide ‘hospitality to diversity' in education in England in the 1970s & 1980s; c.50 years of linguistics research in Britain; and universities themselves. Drawing on LC's pedigree in sociolinguistics, we then turn to the Hub for Education & Language Diversity, a collaboration between King's and non-profit language organisations which approaches LC as a multi-dimensional programme of language development. This includes BA & MA classes; teacher training (with resonant concepts like ‘diasporic local'); and efforts to broaden ideas about university ‘impact’. Overall, Linguistic Citizenship invites us to reassess the lie of the land in language education, and suggests an array of practical but principled initiatives at different points of the language teaching/university interface.
Dynamic modeling and characterization of compliant cable-driven parallel robots containing flexible cables
Authors: Peng Miaojiao , Xiao Longhai , Chen Qinglin , Wei Guowu , Lin Qi , Zhuo Jiayong
Published: July 2023

Flexible cables in cable-driven parallel robots (CDPRs) are easy to be excited and vibrate. Cable vibration will react on the end-effector, causing attitude deviation of the end-effector. The main objective of this study is to accurately model axially moving flexible cables and characterize the dynamic behaviors of associated compliant CDPRs. Firstly, a model for transverse vibration of the axially moving length-variable cable is developed. On this basis, an original nonlinear dynamic model of the CDPRs able to capture the vibration of the cables and the dynamics of the end-effector is proposed. Secondly, the frequency–amplitude relationship of the CDPR is obtained. Moreover, the significance of the excitation effect caused by the axially moving length-variable cables is demonstrated, by comparing the results with and without excitation effect at different frequencies. It turns out that, as the oscillation frequency of the end-effector increases, the end-effector and cables exhibit the dynamics process from steady state to unstable large-amplitude vibration and finally to stable small-amplitude vibration. This indicates that the dynamics of the CDPR exhibit non-linear characteristics, due to the influence of flexible cables. Finally, the proposed dynamic model of compliant CDPRs is validated by experiments performed in the laboratory.
Importance de la nature, des opportunités d’activités, de leur accessibilité et de leur publicisation pour favoriser la santé positive, la participation sociale et l’équité en santé d’Estriens âgés
Authors: Maclure Macha , Bouffard Alyssa , Morin Marie-Kristine , Renaud Clémence , Tessier-Buisson Isabelle , Levasseur Mélanie
Published: July 2023

Cette étude visait à explorer comment les composantes clés de l’environnement des communautés favorisent les résultantes de santé d’Estriens âgés, plus précisément leur santé positive, leur participation sociale et leur équité en santé. Une étude de cas multiples a été réalisée auprès de cinq communautés estriennes (cas) à l’aide de groupes de discussion focalisée (1/communauté) regroupant un total de 49 participants connaissant bien les communautés respectives, soit 47 aînés, 1 conseillère municipale et 1 technicienne en loisir. En rendant accessible et équitable la réalisation d’activités importantes pour les aînés, la nature, une offre d’activités variée, des moyens de communication efficace et les mesures favorisant l’équité avaient une influence positive sur les résultantes de santé. Des facteurs individuels tels qu’un niveau élevé de scolarité et un statut socioéconomique favorable avaient aussi une influence positive. Ces résultats permettent d’outiller les décideurs souhaitant favoriser un vieillissement actif et en santé.
A Call to Revise the Declaration of Helsinki’s Placebo Guidelines
Authors: Ho Dien
Published: July 2023

Since its introduction in 1964, the World Medical Association’s Declaration of Helsinki—Ethical Principles for Medical Research Involving Human Subjects has enshrined the importance of safeguarding the well-being of human subjects in clinical research. The Declaration has undergone seven revisions, often in response to requests for clarification. I want to argue that the Declaration is in need of another revision in light of recent discoveries in placebo research.
Metastatic breast cancer to oesophagus: a case report and review of the literature
Authors: J Bhuvana , Pandya Akash , Mehta Maitrik , U Suryanarayana
Published: July 2023

Background:

Secondary oesophageal carcinoma from a breast primary is an infrequent phenomenon. Given the rarity of this presentation, there is a general lack of consensus on management guidelines.

Materials and methods:

Herein, we report a case of a 65-year-old female presented with dysphagia, 14 years post-surgery for breast cancer. She was diagnosed with oesophageal metastases and was treated with combination of systemic chemotherapy, hormonal therapy and local radiotherapy. Our patient tolerated the treatment well and achieved a significant symptomatic improvement post-radiotherapy. We also performed a review of literature on oesophageal metastases from breast primary, aiming to improve the diagnostic accuracy and treatment efficacy in this rare presentation.

Conclusions:

We conclude that patients who present with persistent dysphagia post-breast cancer treatment should undergo an endoscopic ultrasound (EUS)-guided fine-needle biopsy (FNB) to rule out oesophageal metastasis. We suggest systemic chemotherapy with hormonal therapy and radiotherapy for local control as a management of choice in this condition. Even though prognosis is difficult to predict in these patients, this combined modality of treatment seems to achieve better overall survival.
Impact of adherence to exercise interventions on effectiveness in a randomized controlled trial in improving sleep in advanced lung cancer patients: A comparison between aerobic exercise and Tai Chi
Authors: Takemura Naomi , Cheung Denise Shuk Ting , Fong Daniel Yee Tak , Lin Chia-Chin
Published: July 2023

Objectives

Adherence plays a vital role in the effectiveness of non-pharmacological interventions. The disappearance of interventions’ effects at follow-up was caused by inadequate self-practice beyond intervention period. The purpose of this study is to examine the factors associated with adherence to aerobic exercise and Tai Chi and the impact of adherence on the short- and long-term effectiveness in improving sleep in patients with advanced lung cancer.

Methods

This study analyzed data collected in a clinical trial that evaluated the effects of aerobic exercise and Tai Chi in patients with advanced lung cancer. Two types of exercises were maintained at the same intensity but with different dosage. A total of 99 patients with advanced lung cancer who were recruited between 2018 and 2020 were included. Data were collected using self-report questionnaires.

Results

Fifty participants were randomly assigned to aerobic exercise and 49 to Tai Chi intervention. Higher levels of satisfaction and lower levels of depression were significantly associated with higher attendance and compliance in both groups. Low fatigue levels contributed to higher attendance in Tai Chi. Both attendance and compliance were significantly associated with long-term sleep improvement.

Significance of results

Higher levels of satisfaction and lower levels of depression were important characteristics of attendance and compliance with home-based practice in both groups, whereas lower levels of fatigue uniquely contributed to higher attendance in Tai Chi. Better exercise adherence improves long-term effectiveness of sleep in patients with advanced lung cancer. Adopting strategies is imperative to promote exercise adherence in patients with greater levels of depression and fatigue.
Rip Currents Off Rocky‐Shore Surge Channels
Authors: MacMahan Jamie , Thornton Ed , Patria Nick , Gon Casey , Denny Mark
Published: July 2023

More than half the world's coastlines are rocky, but rip‐current dynamics on these topographically complex shores have not been studied. Field experiments on a typical rocky shore using video, drifters, and in‐situ current meters and pressure sensors reveal that incoming narrow‐banded swells result in incident wave groups that force breakpoint low‐frequency (LF) waves, which act in phase inside the surf zone to generate set‐up, run‐up, overtopping, and mass flux, pooling water atop the shore. Set‐up is enhanced by the change in momentum of the LF waves owing to dissipation by bottom friction over the rough seafloor, and by depth‐limited breaking, evidenced by low reflection. A 1D momentum balance results in a mean bottom‐drag coefficient of 1 owing to the rough bottom and vegetation. During wave‐group minima, the hydraulic head of the pooled water forces a return flow through a network of incised feeder channels that converge to a primary surge channel, directing flow offshore. The rip current extends three surf‐zone widths offshore with a maximum velocity of 1 m/s, and (in contrast to sandy shores) flow exits the surf zone, augmenting cross‐shore transport. Rip current strength is a function of channel hypsometry, overtopping, and exit constriction, factors that vary with the tide. As the tide rises, the mean flow decreases as the hydraulic head decreases and the constriction diminishes. Similar to rip currents on sandy beaches, rip currents on rocky shores are modulated by tides and sea‐swell, but they differ in geometric scale and forcing mechanism.
Using Lunar Granulites to Constrain Re‐Equilibration Timescales of Contact Thermal Metamorphism on the Moon
Authors: Pernet‐Fisher J. F. , Joy K. H. , Hartley M. E.
Published: July 2023

Rocks of the lunar granulite suite are the product of high‐temperature metamorphism within the Moon's crust. However, to date, their formation conditions have few constraints. Here, we combine Ti‐in‐pyroxene element diffusion modeling and two‐pyroxene thermometry with thermal modeling of the lunar crust in order to assess potential heat sources that could generate granulite metamorphism within the lunar highland crust. For the samples investigated in this study, the pyroxene crystals experienced peak metamorphic temperatures between ∼1,027 and 1,091°C over timescales ranging from ∼153 years to ∼15.1 Kyrs. To best satisfy these temperature and timescale constraints, hot (∼2,300°C) impact melt sheets with thickness ranging from 350 m to 3.35 km—equating to impact crater diameters between ∼60 and 280 km—have the potential to heat the underlying anorthositic crust. Deep (>20 km) igneous bodies, such as the large (>10 km thick) sills observed by the GRAIL mission near the base of the lunar crust, also have the potential to generate the required peak metamorphic temperatures; however, the thermal equilibration timescales in this scenario are modeled to be much larger (>100 Kyrs) than was witnessed by the granulites investigated. Our modeling highlights that while lunar granulites are only a minor component within the Apollo and meteorite collection, they are likely an important and ubiquitous lithology within the lunar highland crust.
Investigating Whistler‐Mode Wave Intensity Along Field Lines Using Electron Precipitation Measurements
Authors: Tsai Ethan , Artemyev Anton , Angelopoulos Vassilis , Zhang Xiao‐Jia
Published: July 2023

Electron fluxes in Earth's radiation belts are significantly affected by their resonant interaction with whistler‐mode waves. This wave‐particle interaction often occurs via first cyclotron resonance and, when intense and nonlinear, can accelerate subrelativistic electrons to relativistic energies while also scattering them into the atmospheric loss cone. Here, we model Electron Losses and Fields INvestgation’s (ELFIN) low‐altitude satellite measurements of precipitating electron spectra with a wave‐electron interaction model to infer the profiles of whistler‐mode intensity along magnetic latitude assuming realistic waveforms and statistical models of plasma density. We then compare these profiles with a wave power spatial distribution along field lines from an empirical model. We find that this empirical model is consistent with observations of subrelativistic (<200 keV) electron precipitation events, but deviates significantly for relativistic (>200 keV) electron precipitation events at all MLTs, especially on the nightside. This may be due to the sparse coverage of wave measurements at mid‐to‐high latitudes which causes statistically averaged wave power to be likely underestimated in current empirical wave models. As a result, this discrepancy suggests that intense waves likely do propagate to higher latitudes, although further investigation is required to quantify how well this high‐latitude population can account for the observed relativistic electron precipitation.
The JAK1/2 inhibitor ruxolitinib in patients with COVID-19 triggered hyperinflammation: the RuxCoFlam trial
Authors: Hammersen J. , Birndt S. , Döhner K. , Reuken P. , Stallmach A. , Sauerbrey P. , La Rosée F. , Pfirrmann M. , Fabisch C. , Weiss M. , Träger K. , Bremer H. , Russo S. , Illerhaus G. , Drömann D. , Schneider S. , La Rosée P. , Hochhaus A.
Published: July 2023

Dysregulated hyperinflammatory response is key in the pathogenesis in patients with severe COVID-19 leading to acute respiratory distress syndrome and multiorgan failure. Whilst immunosuppression has been proven to be effective, potential biological targets and optimal timing of treatment are still conflicting. We sought to evaluate efficacy and safety of the Janus Kinase 1/2 inhibitor ruxolitinib, employing the previously developed COVID-19 Inflammation Score (CIS) in a prospective multicenter open label phase II trial (NCT04338958). Primary objective was reversal of hyperinflammation (CIS reduction of ≥25% at day 7 in ≥20% of patients). In 184 patients with a CIS of ≥10 (median 12) ruxolitinib was commenced at an initial dose of 10 mg twice daily and applied over a median of 14 days (range, 2–31). On day 7, median CIS declined to 6 (range, 1–13); 71% of patients (CI 64–77%) achieved a ≥25% CIS reduction accompanied by a reduction of markers of inflammation. Median cumulative dose was 272.5 mg/d. Treatment was well tolerated without any grade 3–5 adverse events related to ruxolitinib. Forty-four patients (23.9%) died, all without reported association to study drug. In conclusion, ruxolitinib proved to be safe and effective in a cohort of COVID-19 patients with defined hyperinflammation.
Metabolic reprogramming of proinflammatory macrophages by target delivered roburic acid effectively ameliorates rheumatoid arthritis symptoms
Authors: Jia Na , Gao Yunzhen , Li Min , Liang Yi , Li Yuwen , Lin Yunzhu , Huang Shiqi , Lin Qing , Sun Xun , He Qin , Yao Yuqin , Zhang Ben , Zhang Zhirong , Zhang Ling
Published: July 2023

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a common chronic inflammatory disorder that usually affects joints. It was found that roburic acid (RBA), an ingredient from anti-RA herb Gentiana macrophylla Pall., displayed strong anti-inflammatory activity. However, its medical application is limited by its hydrophobicity, lack of targeting capability and unclear functional mechanism. Here, we constructed a pH responsive dual-target drug delivery system hitchhiking RBA (RBA-NPs) that targeted both CD44 and folate receptors, and investigated its pharmacological mechanism. In rat RA model, the nanocarriers effectively delivered RBA to inflammatory sites and significantly enhanced the therapeutic outcomes compared with free RBA, as well as strongly reducing inflammatory cytokine levels and promoting tissue repair. Following analysis revealed that M1 macrophages in the joints were reprogrammed to M2 phenotype by RBA. Since the balance of pro- and anti-inflammatory macrophages play important roles in maintaining immune homeostasis and preventing excessive inflammation in RA, this reprogramming is likely responsible for the anti-RA effect. Furthermore, we revealed that RBA-NPs drove M1-to-M2 phenotypic switch by down-regulating the glycolysis level via blocking ERK/HIF-1α/GLUT1 pathway. Thus, our work not only developed a targeting delivery system that remarkably improved the anti-RA efficiency of RBA, but also identified a potential molecular target to reversely reprogram macrophages though energy metabolism regulation.
The role of long non-coding RNA H19 in infertility
Authors: Peng Yuanyuan , Guo Renhao , Shi Bei , Li Da
Published: July 2023

Infertility is defined as the failure to conceive after at least one year of unprotected intercourse. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are transcripts that contain more than 200 nucleotides but do not convert into proteins. LncRNAs, particularly lncRNA H19, have been linked to the emergence and progression of various diseases. This review focuses on the role of H19 in infertility caused by polycystic ovary syndrome, endometriosis, uterine fibroids, diminished ovarian reserve, male factor, and assisted reproductive technology-related pathology, highlighting the potential of H19 as a molecular target for the future treatment of infertility.
The role and risks of selective adaptation in extreme coral habitats
Authors: Scucchia Federica , Zaslansky Paul , Boote Chloë , Doheny Annabelle , Mass Tali , Camp Emma F.
Published: July 2023

The alarming rate of climate change demands new management strategies to protect coral reefs. Environments such as mangrove lagoons, characterized by extreme variations in multiple abiotic factors, are viewed as potential sources of stress-tolerant corals for strategies such as assisted evolution and coral propagation. However, biological trade-offs for adaptation to such extremes are poorly known. Here, we investigate the reef-building coral Porites lutea thriving in both mangrove and reef sites and show that stress-tolerance comes with compromises in genetic and energetic mechanisms and skeletal characteristics. We observe reduced genetic diversity and gene expression variability in mangrove corals, a disadvantage under future harsher selective pressure. We find reduced density, thickness and higher porosity in coral skeletons from mangroves, symptoms of metabolic energy redirection to stress response functions. These findings demonstrate the need for caution when utilizing stress-tolerant corals in human interventions, as current survival in extremes may compromise future competitive fitness.
Unusual nuclear exchange within a germanium-containing aromatic ring that results in germanium atom transfer
Authors: Nishino Ryohei , Tokitoh Norihiro , Sasayama Ryuto , Waterman Rory , Mizuhata Yoshiyuki
Published: July 2023

The delivery of single atoms is highly desirable for the straightforward synthesis of complex molecules, however this approach is limited by a lack of suitable atomic transfer reagents. Here, we report a germanium atom transfer reaction employing a germanium analogue of the phenyl anion. The reaction yields a germanium-substituted benzene, along with a germanium atom which can be transferred to other chemical species. The transfer of atomic germanium is demonstrated by the formation of well-defined germanium doped molecules. Furthermore, computational studies reveal that the reaction mechanism proceeds via the first example of an aromatic-to-aromatic nuclear germanium replacement reaction on the germabenzene ring. This unusual reaction pathway was further probed by the reaction of our aromatic germanium anion with a molecular silicon species, which selectively yielded the corresponding silicon-substituted benzene derivative.