bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Fleshing out the theory of planned of behavior: Meat consumption as an environmentally significant behavior
Authors: Çoker Elif Naz , van der Linden Sander
Published: January 2020

The meat industry is a leading cause of climate change in the Western world, and while reducing meat consumption has often been studied as a health behavior, it is equally important to understand its significance as a pro-environmental behavior. In a national sample of the United Kingdom (N = 737, Time 1, N = 468, Time 2) we sought to evaluate to what extent the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) is an effective model for understanding people’s intentions to reduce their meat consumption. Overall, we find that attitudes, subjective norms, and perceived control explain 57% of the variation in intentions to reduce meat consumption. In turn, past behavior and intention explain 31% of the variance in self-reported meat consumption behavior four weeks later. Somewhat surprisingly, habit did not have any predictive utility over and above the TPB constructs. The effectiveness of the TPB and implications for devising pro-environmental interventions are discussed.
China’s public policies toward rare earths, 1975–2018
Authors: Shen Yuzhou , Moomy Ruthann , Eggert Roderick G.
Published: January 2020

This paper summarizes and evaluates China’s policies toward the rare-earth industry from 1975 to 2018. We define five stages over this period and focus on China’s purpose, the underlying economic background in each stage, and the connections between stages. By reviewing a broad set of original policy documents, we find that the purpose of China’s policies has evolved, affected by the market players, the development of the mineral industry, and the state of the Chinese economy. Initially, the Chinese government encouraged the development of the upstream rare-earth sector. Since the early 1990s, China has focused on the development of downstream activities that use rare earths in the manufacture of intermediate and final products. Since the early 2000s, China has focused additionally on the problems of disorder in the rare-earth industry with particular reference to the environmental degradation caused by rare-earth production, as well as industrial reorganization to discourage unsanctioned production.
Full structure of the thermal plasma including the ion isothermal drag
Authors: Khoram M. , Masoudi S. F.
Published: January 2020

In order to study the ion temperature effect on the space-charge structure and the plasma variables on the wall, the ion thermal force has been added to the ion motion equation in the plasma fluidal model. In the eigenvalue problem of plasma, the plasma equations are numerically solved in a whole area from the plasma center to the wall and it is displayed that the ion temperature has significant effects on the plasma structure and floating variables. However, the fluidal theory of plasmas introduces a singular point among the space charge of plasma boundary layer if the static pressure and the inertial mass of the thermal ions are taken into account at the same time. Finding a full numerical solution for the thermal plasma equations needs to cross the singular point. The singular point and how crossing the point will be depicted too.
Identifying social media user demographics and topic diversity with computational social science: a case study of a major international policy forum
Authors: Brandt John , Buckingham Kathleen , Buntain Cody , Anderson Will , Ray Sabin , Pool John-Rob , Ferrari Natasha
Published: January 2020

When the world’s countries agreed on the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, they recognized that equity and inclusion should be at the center of implementing the 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). SDG 15, which calls for protecting, restoring, and promoting the sustainable use of terrestrial ecosystems, has spurred commitments to restore 350 million hectares of land by 2030. These commitments, primarily made in a top-down manner at the international scale, must be implemented by actively engaging individual landholders and local communities. Ensuring that diverse and marginalized audiences are engaged in the land restoration movement is critical to equitably distributing the economic benefits of restoration. This publication uses social network analysis and machine learning to understand how important the voices of Africans, women, and young people are in governing restoration in Africa. We analyze location- and machine learning-identified demographics from Twitter data collected during the Global Landscapes Forum (GLF), which is the world’s largest platform for promoting sustainable land use practices. Our results suggest that convening the GLF in Nairobi, Kenya elevated the voices of African leaders in comparison to the previous GLF in Bonn, Germany. We also found significant demographic differences in topic-level engagement between different ages, races, and genders. The primary contributions of this paper are a novel methodology for quantifying demographic differences in social media engagement and the application of social media and social network analysis to provide critical insights into the inclusivity of a large political conference aimed at engaging youth and African voices.
BILATERAL RISK SHARING WITH HETEROGENEOUS BELIEFS AND EXPOSURE CONSTRAINTS
Authors: Boonen Tim J. , Ghossoub Mario
Published: January 2020

This paper studies bilateral risk sharing under no aggregate uncertainty, where one agent has Expected-Utility preferences and the other agent has Rank-dependent utility preferences with a general probability distortion function. We impose exogenous constraints on the risk exposure for both agents, and we allow for any type or level of belief heterogeneity. We show that Pareto-optimal risk-sharing contracts can be obtained via a constrained utility maximization under a participation constraint of the other agent. This allows us to give an explicit characterization of optimal risk-sharing contracts. In particular, we show that an optimal risk-sharing contract contains allocations that are monotone functions of the likelihood ratio, where the latter is obtained from Lebesgue’s Decomposition Theorem.
A network investigation of core symptoms and pathways across duration of illness using a comprehensive cognitive–behavioral model of eating-disorder symptoms
Authors: Christian Caroline , Williams Brenna M. , Hunt Rowan A. , Wong Valerie Z. , Ernst Sarah E. , Spoor Samantha P. , Vanzhula Irina A. , Tregarthen Jenna P. , Forbush Kelsie T. , Levinson Cheri A.
Published: January 2020

Background

In the past decade, network analysis (NA) has been applied to psychopathology to quantify complex symptom relationships. This statistical technique has demonstrated much promise, as it provides researchers the ability to identify relationships across many symptoms in one model and can identify central symptoms that may predict important clinical outcomes. However, network models are highly influenced by node selection, which could limit the generalizability of findings. The current study (N= 6850) tests a comprehensive, cognitive–behavioral model of eating-disorder symptoms using items from two, widely used measures (Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire and Eating Pathology Symptoms Inventory).

Methods

We used NA to identify central symptoms and compared networks across the duration of illness (DOI), as chronicity is one of the only known predictors of poor outcome in eating disorders (EDs).

Results

Our results suggest that eating when not hungry and feeling fat were the most central symptoms across groups. There were no significant differences in network structure across DOI, meaning the connections between symptoms remained relatively consistent. However, differences emerged in central symptoms, such that cognitive symptoms related to overvaluation of weight/shape were central in individuals with shorter DOI, and behavioral central symptoms emerged more in medium and long DOI.

Conclusions

Our results have important implications for the treatment of individuals with enduring EDs, as they may have a different core, maintaining symptoms. Additionally, our findings highlight the importance of using comprehensive, theoretically- or empirically-derived models for NA.
The causal effect of resilience on risk for drug abuse: a Swedish national instrumental variable, co-relative and propensity-score analysis
Authors: Kendler Kenneth S. , Ohlsson Henrik , Clouston Sean , Fagan Abigail A. , Sundquist Jan , Sundquist Kristina
Published: January 2020

Background

We sought to quantify and investigate the causal nature of the association between resilience at age 18 and future drug abuse (DA).

Method

In a national sample of Swedish men (n = 1 392 800), followed for a mean of 30.3 years, resilience was assessed during military conscription and DA defined from medical, criminal and pharmacy registers. For causal inference, we utilized three methods: (i) instrumental variable analyses with the month of birth as the instrument; (ii) co-relative analyses using the general population, cousins, siblings and monozygotic twins; and (iii) propensity scoring on a subsample (n = 48 548) with strong resilience predictors. Cox proportional hazards models were utilized to examine survival time till DA diagnosis.

Results

Low resilience was most robustly predicted from internalizing symptoms. Lower levels of standardized resilience strongly predicted the risk for DA (HR = 2.31, 95% CIs 2.28–2.33). In instrumental, co-relative, and propensity score analyses, the association between resilience and DA was estimated at HR = 3.06 (2.44–3.85), 1.34 (1.28–1.39), and 1.40 (1.28–1.53), respectively. Sensitivity analyses suggested that our instrument was weak and, despite our large sample, likely under-estimated confounding.

Conclusions

Low resilience strongly predicts DA risk. Three different causal analysis methods, with divergent assumptions, concurred in estimating that an appreciable proportion of this association was causal, probably around 40%, with the remainder arising from confounding variables many of which are likely familial. Consistent with prior interventions focused on substance use prevention, our results suggest that prevention programs that increase resilience in adolescence should meaningfully reduce the long-term risk for DA.
Affordances, response conflict, and enhanced-action tendencies in obsessive-compulsive disorder: an ERP study
Authors: Dayan-Riva Adi , Berger Andrea , Anholt Gideon Emanuel
Published: January 2020

Background

Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is characterized by recurrent, intrusive thoughts and/or behaviors. OCD symptoms are often triggered by external stimuli. Therefore, it has been suggested that difficulty inhibiting responses to stimuli associated with strong action tendencies may underlie symptoms. The present electrophysiological study examined whether stimuli evoking a strong automatic response are associated with enhanced action tendencies in OCD participants relative to healthy controls.

Methods

The lateralized readiness potential (LRP) and the N2 event-related potential (ERP) components were used as measures of action tendencies and inhibition, respectively. ERPs were recorded while 38 participants diagnosed with OCD and 38 healthy controls performed a variation of the Stroop task using colored arrows.

Results

The OCD group presented with larger LRP amplitudes than the control group. This effect was found specifically in the incongruent condition. Furthermore, an interaction effect was found between group and congruency such that the OCD group showed a reduced N2 in the incongruent condition compared to the congruent condition, whereas the control group demonstrated the opposite effect. Results support the hypothesis that OCD is characterized by stronger readiness-for-action and impaired inhibitory mechanisms, particularly when the suppression of a dominant response tendency is required. Our results were supported by source localization analyses for the LRP and N2 components. These findings were specific to OCD and not associated with anxiety and depression symptoms.

Conclusions

The present results support the notion of stronger habitual behavior and embodiment tendencies in OCD and impaired inhibitory control under conditions of conflict.
The patient encounter index: a novel method of measuring clinical workload in a paediatric cardiology service
Authors: Harrison Michael J. , Barry Oliver M. , Hounsell Rachel A. , De Decker Rik
Published: January 2020

Technological advances have led to better patient outcomes and the expansion of clinical services in paediatric cardiology. This expansion creates an ever-growing workload for clinicians, which has led to workflow and staffing issues that need to be addressed. The objective of this study was the development of a novel tool to measure the clinical workload of a paediatric cardiology service in Cape Town, South Africa: The patient encounter index is a tool designed to quantify clinical workload. It is defined as a ratio of the measured duration of clinical work to the total time available for such work. This index was implemented as part of a prospective cross-sectional study design. Clinical workload data were collected over a 10-day period using time-and-motion sampling. Clinicians were contractually expected to spend 50% of their daily workload on patient care. The median patient encounter index for the Western Cape Paediatric Cardiac Service was 0.81 (range 0.19–1.09), reflecting that 81% of total contractual working time was spent on clinical activities. This study describes the development and implementation of a novel tool for clinical workload quantification and describes its application to a busy paediatric cardiology service in Cape Town, South Africa. This tool prospectively quantifies clinical workload which may directly influence patient outcomes. Implementation of this novel tool in the described setting clearly demonstrated the excessive workload of the clinical service and facilitated effective motivation for improved allocation of resources.
Significant Contribution of Mesoscale Overturning to Tropical Mass and Energy Transport Revealed by the ERA5 Reanalysis
Authors: Chen Xingchao , Pauluis Olivier M. , Leung L. Ruby , Zhang Fuqing
Published: January 2020

Key Points

The multiscale atmospheric overturning in the ERA5 and ERA‐Interim global reanalyses is compared using isentropic analysis

Observed outgoing longwave radiation suggests that the mesoscale overturning in the tropics is better captured by ERA5 than ERA‐Interim

Mesoscale overturning plays a comparable role to large‐scale overturning in vertical mass and energy transport over the tropics
Isotope Constraints on the Sources of Particulate Organic Carbon in a Subtropical Deep Reservoir
Authors: Zheng Li‐Wei , Li Dawei , Ding Xiaodong , Lee Tsung‐Yu , Zheng Zhenzhen , Shiah Fuh‐Kwo , Zheng Xufeng , Hsu Ting‐Chang , Huang Jr‐Chuan , Kao Shuh‐Ji
Published: January 2020

Reservoirs are active sites in the terrestrial environment in terms of carbon transformation and storage. Continuous reservoir construction reinforces the importance of such artificial storage; however, knowledge pertaining to the sources, cycling, and preservation of autochthonous/allochthonous particulate organic carbon (POC) in reservoirs remains incomplete. We monitored the flux and carbon isotope composition of sinking particles in a subtropical deep reservoir, and the results were compared with the isotopic signatures of potential POC sources (soil) and the sedimentary sink. We found that the typhoon‐induced POC flux was transported laterally at intermediate water depths within the reservoir and that it contributed more than 70% of the annual deposition. An isotope ternary mixing model showed that over 87% of the POC preserved in sediments was allochthonous. Although the autochthonous POC from primary production was preferentially degraded, the preserved autochthonous POC (42 ± 14 gC m−2 yr−1) was comparable to the observed carbon dioxide uptake (35 gC m−2 yr−1) by the reservoir, suggesting a high efficiency of carbon preservation in subtropical deep reservoirs.
Magneto-optical painting of heat current
Authors: Wang Jian , Takahashi Yukiko K. , Uchida Ken-ichi
Published: January 2020

Active control of heat flow is crucial for the thermal management of increasingly complex electronic and spintronic devices. In addition to conventional heat transport engineering, spin caloritronics has received extensive attention as a heat control principle owing to its high controllability and unique thermal energy conversion symmetry. Here we demonstrate that the direction of heat currents generated by spin-caloritronic phenomena can be changed simply by illuminating magnetic materials with visible light. The optical control of heat currents is realized through a combination of the spin-driven thermoelectric conversion called an anomalous Ettingshausen effect and all-optical helicity-dependent switching of magnetization. This approach enables not only pinpoint manipulation and flexible design of the heat current distribution by patterning the illuminating light but also on/off control of the resulting temperature modulation by tuning the light polarization. These versatile heat control functionalities will open up a pathway for nanoscale thermal energy engineering.
Ketamine disinhibits dendrites and enhances calcium signals in prefrontal dendritic spines
Authors: Ali Farhan , Gerhard Danielle M. , Sweasy Katherine , Pothula Santosh , Pittenger Christopher , Duman Ronald S. , Kwan Alex C.
Published: January 2020

A subanesthetic dose of ketamine causes acute psychotomimetic symptoms and sustained antidepressant effects. In prefrontal cortex, the prevailing disinhibition hypothesis posits that N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) antagonists such as ketamine act preferentially on GABAergic neurons. However, cortical interneurons are heterogeneous. In particular, somatostatin-expressing (SST) interneurons selectively inhibit dendrites and regulate synaptic inputs, yet their response to systemic NMDAR antagonism is unknown. Here, we report that ketamine acutely suppresses the activity of SST interneurons in the medial prefrontal cortex of the awake mouse. The deficient dendritic inhibition leads to greater synaptically evoked calcium transients in the apical dendritic spines of pyramidal neurons. By manipulating NMDAR signaling via GluN2B knockdown, we show that ketamine’s actions on the dendritic inhibitory mechanism has ramifications for frontal cortex-dependent behaviors and cortico-cortical connectivity. Collectively, these results demonstrate dendritic disinhibition and elevated calcium levels in dendritic spines as important local-circuit alterations driven by the administration of subanesthetic ketamine.
Siah2 control of T-regulatory cells limits anti-tumor immunity
Authors: Scortegagna Marzia , Hockemeyer Kathryn , Dolgalev Igor , Poźniak Joanna , Rambow Florian , Li Yan , Feng Yongmei , Tinoco Roberto , Otero Dennis C. , Zhang Tongwu , Brown Kevin , Bosenberg Marcus , Bradley Linda M. , Marine Jean-Christophe , Aifantis Ioannis , Ronai Ze’ev A.
Published: January 2020

Understanding the mechanisms underlying anti-tumor immunity is pivotal for improving immune-based cancer therapies. Here, we report that growth of BRAF-mutant melanoma cells is inhibited, up to complete rejection, in Siah2−/− mice. Growth-inhibited tumors exhibit increased numbers of intra-tumoral activated T cells and decreased expression of Ccl17,Ccl22, and Foxp3. Marked reduction in Treg proliferation and tumor infiltration coincide with G1 arrest in tumor infiltrated Siah2−/− Tregs in vivo or following T cell stimulation in culture, attributed to elevated expression of the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p27, a Siah2 substrate. Growth of anti-PD-1 therapy resistant melanoma is effectively inhibited in Siah2−/− mice subjected to PD-1 blockade, indicating synergy between PD-1 blockade and Siah2 loss. Low SIAH2 and FOXP3 expression is identified in immune responsive human melanoma tumors. Overall, Siah2 regulation of Treg recruitment and cell cycle progression effectively controls melanoma development and Siah2 loss in the host sensitizes melanoma to anti-PD-1 therapy.
Coherence distillation machines are impossible in quantum thermodynamics
Authors: Marvian Iman
Published: January 2020

The role of coherence in quantum thermodynamics has been extensively studied in the recent years and it is now well-understood that coherence between different energy eigenstates is a resource independent of other thermodynamics resources, such as work. A fundamental remaining open question is whether the laws of quantum mechanics and thermodynamics allow the existence of a coherence distillation machine, i.e., a machine that, by possibly consuming work, obtains pure coherent states from mixed states, at a nonzero rate. This is related to another fundamental question: Starting from many copies of noisy quantum clocks which are (approximately) synchronized with a reference clock, can one distill synchronized clocks in pure states, at a non-zero rate? Surprisingly, we find that the answer to both questions is negative for generic (full-rank) mixed states. However, at the same time, it is possible to distill a sub-linear number of pure coherent states with a vanishing error.
Modulation of brain cation-Cl− cotransport via the SPAK kinase inhibitor ZT-1a
Authors: Zhang Jinwei , Bhuiyan Mohammad Iqbal H. , Zhang Ting , Karimy Jason K. , Wu Zhijuan , Fiesler Victoria M. , Zhang Jingfang , Huang Huachen , Hasan Md Nabiul , Skrzypiec Anna E. , Mucha Mariusz , Duran Daniel , Huang Wei , Pawlak Robert , Foley Lesley M. , Hitchens T. Kevin , Minnigh Margaret B. , Poloyac Samuel M. , Alper Seth L. , Molyneaux Bradley J. , Trevelyan Andrew J. , Kahle Kristopher T. , Sun Dandan , Deng Xianming
Published: January 2020

The SLC12A cation-Cl− cotransporters (CCC), including NKCC1 and the KCCs, are important determinants of brain ionic homeostasis. SPAK kinase (STK39) is the CCC master regulator, which stimulates NKCC1 ionic influx and inhibits KCC-mediated efflux via phosphorylation at conserved, shared motifs. Upregulation of SPAK-dependent CCC phosphorylation has been implicated in several neurological diseases. Using a scaffold-hybrid strategy, we develop a novel potent and selective SPAK inhibitor, 5-chloro-N-(5-chloro-4-((4-chlorophenyl)(cyano)methyl)-2-methylphenyl)-2-hydroxybenzamide (“ZT-1a”). ZT-1a inhibits NKCC1 and stimulates KCCs by decreasing their SPAK-dependent phosphorylation. Intracerebroventricular delivery of ZT-1a decreases inflammation-induced CCC phosphorylation in the choroid plexus and reduces cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) hypersecretion in a model of post-hemorrhagic hydrocephalus. Systemically administered ZT-1a reduces ischemia-induced CCC phosphorylation, attenuates cerebral edema, protects against brain damage, and improves outcomes in a model of stroke. These results suggest ZT-1a or related compounds may be effective CCC modulators with therapeutic potential for brain disorders associated with impaired ionic homeostasis.
Immune-mediated genetic pathways resulting in pulmonary function impairment increase lung cancer susceptibility
Authors: Kachuri Linda , Johansson Mattias , Rashkin Sara R. , Graff Rebecca E. , Bossé Yohan , Manem Venkata , Caporaso Neil E. , Landi Maria Teresa , Christiani David C. , Vineis Paolo , Liu Geoffrey , Scelo Ghislaine , Zaridze David , Shete Sanjay S. , Albanes Demetrius , Aldrich Melinda C. , Tardón Adonina , Rennert Gad , Chen Chu , Goodman Gary E. , Doherty Jennifer A. , Bickeböller Heike , Field John K. , Davies Michael P. , Dawn Teare M. , Kiemeney Lambertus A. , Bojesen Stig E. , Haugen Aage , Zienolddiny Shanbeh , Lam Stephen , Le Marchand Loïc , Cheng Iona , Schabath Matthew B. , Duell Eric J. , Andrew Angeline S. , Manjer Jonas , Lazarus Philip , Arnold Susanne , McKay James D. , Emami Nima C. , Warkentin Matthew T. , Brhane Yonathan , Obeidat Ma’en , Martin Richard M. , Relton Caroline , Davey Smith George , Haycock Philip C. , Amos Christopher I. , Brennan Paul , Witte John S. , Hung Rayjean J.
Published: January 2020

Impaired lung function is often caused by cigarette smoking, making it challenging to disentangle its role in lung cancer susceptibility. Investigation of the shared genetic basis of these phenotypes in the UK Biobank and International Lung Cancer Consortium (29,266 cases, 56,450 controls) shows that lung cancer is genetically correlated with reduced forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1: rg = 0.098, p = 2.3 × 10−8) and the ratio of FEV1 to forced vital capacity (FEV1/FVC: rg = 0.137, p = 2.0 × 10−12). Mendelian randomization analyses demonstrate that reduced FEV1 increases squamous cell carcinoma risk (odds ratio (OR) = 1.51, 95% confidence intervals: 1.21–1.88), while reduced FEV1/FVC increases the risk of adenocarcinoma (OR = 1.17, 1.01–1.35) and lung cancer in never smokers (OR = 1.56, 1.05–2.30). These findings support a causal role of pulmonary impairment in lung cancer etiology. Integrative analyses reveal that pulmonary function instruments, including 73 novel variants, influence lung tissue gene expression and implicate immune-related pathways in mediating the observed effects on lung carcinogenesis.
Automated mass spectrometry imaging of over 2000 proteins from tissue sections at 100-μm spatial resolution
Authors: Piehowski Paul D. , Zhu Ying , Bramer Lisa M. , Stratton Kelly G. , Zhao Rui , Orton Daniel J. , Moore Ronald J. , Yuan Jia , Mitchell Hugh D. , Gao Yuqian , Webb-Robertson Bobbie-Jo M. , Dey Sudhansu K. , Kelly Ryan T. , Burnum-Johnson Kristin E.
Published: January 2020

Biological tissues exhibit complex spatial heterogeneity that directs the functions of multicellular organisms. Quantifying protein expression is essential for elucidating processes within complex biological assemblies. Imaging mass spectrometry (IMS) is a powerful emerging tool for mapping the spatial distribution of metabolites and lipids across tissue surfaces, but technical challenges have limited the application of IMS to the analysis of proteomes. Methods for probing the spatial distribution of the proteome have generally relied on the use of labels and/or antibodies, which limits multiplexing and requires a priori knowledge of protein targets. Past efforts to make spatially resolved proteome measurements across tissues have had limited spatial resolution and proteome coverage and have relied on manual workflows. Here, we demonstrate an automated approach to imaging that utilizes label-free nanoproteomics to analyze tissue voxels, generating quantitative cell-type-specific images for >2000 proteins with 100-µm spatial resolution across mouse uterine tissue sections preparing for blastocyst implantation.
Generating ring-shaped engineered heart tissues from ventricular and atrial human pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes
Authors: Goldfracht Idit , Protze Stephanie , Shiti Assad , Setter Noga , Gruber Amit , Shaheen Naim , Nartiss Yulia , Keller Gordon , Gepstein Lior
Published: January 2020

The functions of the heart are achieved through coordination of different cardiac cell subtypes (e.g., ventricular, atrial, conduction-tissue cardiomyocytes). Human pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hPSC-CMs) offer unique opportunities for cardiac research. Traditional studies using these cells focused on single-cells and utilized mixed cell populations. Our goal was to develop clinically-relevant engineered heart tissues (EHTs) comprised of chamber-specific hPSC-CMs. Here we show that such EHTs can be generated by directing hPSCs to differentiate into ventricular or atrial cardiomyocytes, and then embedding these cardiomyocytes in a collagen-hydrogel to create chamber-specific, ring-shaped, EHTs. The chamber-specific EHTs display distinct atrial versus ventricular phenotypes as revealed by immunostaining, gene-expression, optical assessment of action-potentials and conduction velocity, pharmacology, and mechanical force measurements. We also establish an atrial EHT-based arrhythmia model and confirm its usefulness by applying relevant pharmacological interventions. Thus, our chamber-specific EHT models can be used for cardiac disease modeling, pathophysiological studies and drug testing.
Ventromedial prefrontal cortex compression during concept learning
Authors: Mack Michael L. , Preston Alison R. , Love Bradley C.
Published: January 2020

Prefrontal cortex (PFC) is thought to support the ability to focus on goal-relevant information by filtering out irrelevant information, a process akin to dimensionality reduction. Here, we test this dimensionality reduction hypothesis by relating a data-driven approach to characterizing the complexity of neural representation with a theoretically-supported computational model of learning. We find evidence of goal-directed dimensionality reduction within human ventromedial PFC during learning. Importantly, by using computational predictions of each participant’s attentional strategies during learning, we find that that the degree of neural compression predicts an individual’s ability to selectively attend to concept-specific information. These findings suggest a domain-general mechanism of learning through compression in ventromedial PFC.
Single-dose bNAb cocktail or abbreviated ART post-exposure regimens achieve tight SHIV control without adaptive immunity
Authors: Shapiro Mariya B. , Cheever Tracy , Malherbe Delphine C. , Pandey Shilpi , Reed Jason , Yang Eun Sung , Wang Keyun , Pegu Amarendra , Chen Xuejun , Siess Don , Burke David , Henderson Heidi , Lewinsohn Rebecca , Fischer Miranda , Stanton Jeffrey J. , Axthelm Michael K. , Kahl Christoph , Park Byung , Lewis Anne D. , Sacha Jonah B. , Mascola John R. , Hessell Ann J. , Haigwood Nancy L.
Published: January 2020

Vertical transmission accounts for most human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection in children, and treatments for newborns are needed to abrogate infection or limit disease progression. We showed previously that short-term broadly neutralizing antibody (bNAb) therapy given 24 h after oral exposure cleared simian-human immunodeficiency virus (SHIV) in a macaque model of perinatal infection. Here, we report that all infants given either a single dose of bNAbs at 30 h, or a 21-day triple-drug ART regimen at 48 h, are aviremic with almost no virus in tissues. In contrast, bNAb treatment beginning at 48 h leads to tight control without adaptive immune responses in half of animals. We conclude that both bNAbs and ART mediate effective post-exposure prophylaxis in infant macaques within 30–48 h of oral SHIV exposure. Our findings suggest that optimizing the treatment regimen may extend the window of opportunity for preventing perinatal HIV infection when treatment is delayed.
Hydrogen bonding interactions of H2O and SiOH on a boroaluminosilicate glass corroded in aqueous solution
Authors: Ngo Dien , Liu Hongshen , Chen Zhe , Kaya Huseyin , Zimudzi Tawanda J. , Gin Stéphane , Mahadevan Thiruvillamalai , Du Jincheng , Kim Seong H.
Published: January 2020

Hydrogen bonding interactions play an important role in many chemical and physical processes occurring in bulk liquids and at interfaces. In this study, hydrous species (H2O and Si-OH) on nano-porous alteration layers (gels) formed on a boroaluminosilicate glass called International Simple Glass corroded in aqueous solutions at pH 7 and pH 9, and initially saturated with soluble silicon-containing species were analyzed using linear and non-linear vibrational spectroscopy in combination with molecular dynamics simulations. The simulation results revealed various possible types of hydrogen bonds among these hydrous species in nanoconfinement environments with their populations depending on pore-size distribution. The nano-porous gels formed on corroded glass surfaces enhance hydrogen bond strength between hydrous species as revealed by attenuated total reflectance infrared spectroscopy. Sum frequency generation spectroscopy showed some significant differences in hydrogen bonding interactions on alteration layers formed at pH 7 and pH 9. The glass dissolution under the leaching conditions used in this study has been known to be ten times faster at pH 7 in comparison to that at pH 9 due to unknown reasons. The simulation and experimental results obtained in this study indicate that the water mobility in the gel formed at pH 9 could be slower than that in the gel formed at pH 7, and as a result, the leaching rate at pH 9 is slower than that at pH 7.
Whole-genome sequencing of 128 camels across Asia reveals origin and migration of domestic Bactrian camels
Authors: Ming Liang , Yuan Liyun , Yi Li , Ding Guohui , Hasi Surong , Chen Gangliang , Jambl Tuyatsetseg , Hedayat-Evright Nemat , Batmunkh Mijiddorj , Badmaevna Garyaeva Khongr , Gan-Erdene Tudeviin , Ts Batsukh , Zhang Wenbin , Zulipikaer Azhati , Hosblig  , Erdemt  , Natyrov Arkady , Mamay Prmanshayev , Narenbatu  , Meng Gendalai , Narangerel Choijilsuren , Khongorzul Orgodol , He Jing , Hai Le , Lin Weili , Sirendalai  , Sarentuya  , Aiyisi  , Li Yixue , Wang Zhen , Jirimutu
Published: January 2020

The domestic Bactrian camels were treated as one of the principal means of locomotion between the eastern and western cultures in history. However, whether they originated from East Asia or Central Asia remains elusive. To address this question, we perform whole-genome sequencing of 128 camels across Asia. The extant wild and domestic Bactrian camels show remarkable genetic divergence, as they were split from dromedaries. The wild Bactrian camels also contribute little to the ancestry of domestic ones, although they share close habitat in East Asia. Interestingly, among the domestic Bactrian camels, those from Iran exhibit the largest genetic distance and the earliest split from all others in the phylogeny, despite evident admixture between domestic Bactrian camels and dromedaries living in Central Asia. Taken together, our study support the Central Asian origin of domestic Bactrian camels, which were then immigrated eastward to Mongolia where native wild Bactrian camels inhabit.
The fabrication and kinetic modeling of a new time–temperature label based on paraffin wax and black carrot anthocyanin for monitoring fish products
Authors: Amiri Roonak , Piri Homeyra , Akbari Mohsen , Moradi Golshan
Published: January 2020

This study was conducted to fabricate and model a time–temperature label (TTL) based on paraffin wax and black carrot anthocyanin for monitoring fish products.
Made-to-order porous electrodes for supercapacitors: MOFs embedded with redox-active centers as a case study
Authors: Mallick Arijit , Liang Hanfeng , Shekhah Osama , Jia Jiangtao , Mouchaham Georges , Shkurenko Aleksander , Belmabkhout Youssef , Alshareef Husam N. , Eddaoudi Mohamed
Published: January 2020

These predesigned Zr-based MOFs could pave the way for many applications related to supercapacitors.
A novel label-free fluorescence assay for dipeptidyl peptidase 4 activity detection based on supramolecular self-assembly
Authors: Zhao Yu , Zou Jiawen , Song Yanyan , Peng Jun , Wang Yi , Bi Yong
Published: January 2020

A novel supramolecular system CB[7]-GPFG for dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4) activity detection in biological samples and inhibitor screening.
Palladium-catalyzed C–H bond activation for the assembly of N-aryl carbazoles with aromatic amines as nitrogen sources
Authors: Liu Xiaobing , Sheng Heyun , Zhou Yao , Song Qiuling
Published: January 2020

A convenient and efficient palladium-catalyzed C–H bond activation for the assembly of N-aryl carbazole is reported, in which two C–N bonds were formed under one set of conditions.
A simple and effective strategy to lock the quasi-equatorial conformation of acridine by H–H repulsion for highly efficient thermally activated delayed fluorescence emitters
Authors: Chai Danyang , Zeng Xuan , Su Xiaoxuan , Zhou Changjiang , Zou Yang , Zhong Cheng , Gong Shaolong , Yang Chuluo
Published: January 2020

A novel donor, namely, TMDBP was designed by angularly fusing two acridine moieties. TMDBP-based TADF emitters presented a dominant QE conformation and excellent electroluminescence performances.
Five naphthalene-amide-bridged Ni(ii) complexes: electrochemistry, bifunctional fluorescence responses, removal of contaminants and optimization by CVD
Authors: Zhao Jing , Luan Jian , Yu Huixuan , Liu Guocheng , Lin Hongyan , Wang Xiuli , Chen Baokuan
Published: January 2020

Five multifunctional Ni-CPs based on a new naphthalene-amide and different carboxylates were obtained and exhibited various properties. CNTs were synthesized from the precursors of CPs, showing selective removal of contaminants in water.
Hydroperoxo double hydrogen bonding: stabilization of hydroperoxo complexes exemplified by triphenylsilicon and triphenylgermanium hydroperoxides
Authors: Medvedev Alexander G. , Grishanov Dmitry A. , Churakov Andrei V. , Mikhaylov Alexey A. , Lev Ovadia , Prikhodchenko Petr V.
Published: January 2020

Triphenylsilicon and germanium hydroperoxo complexes were characterized by single crystal X-ray analysis revealing hydroperoxo double hydrogen bonding.
Polaron hopping barriers and rates in semiconducting polymers
Authors: Bombile Joel H. , Shetty Shreya , Janik Michael J. , Milner Scott T.
Published: January 2020

A tight-binding model coupled with Marcus rate accurately predicts polaron hopping rates in various crystalline and amorphous poly(3-hexylthiophene) materials.
Calculation of vibrationally resolved absorption and fluorescence spectra of the rylenes
Authors: Greiner Jonas , Sundholm Dage
Published: January 2020

A generating function method was used to simulate the vibrationally resolved absorption and emission spectra of perylene, terrylene and quaterrylene. The calculated spectra are found to be in excellent agreement with the experimental ones.
A highly sensitive and selective colorimetric probe based on a cycloruthenated complex: an Hg2+-promoted switch of thiophene coordination
Authors: Li Xianghong , Du Kang , Xie Chaoyi , Wu Yuhao , Zhang Bingguang , Tang Dingguo
Published: January 2020

A cycloruthenated complex can be used as a colorimetric Hg2+-probe by an Hg2+-promoted switch to thiophene coordination.
Bilberry anthocyanins improve neuroinflammation and cognitive dysfunction in APP/PSEN1 mice via the CD33/TREM2/TYROBP signaling pathway in microglia
Authors: Li Jing , Zhao Runtian , Jiang Yuhan , Xu Yi , Zhao Huan , Lyu Xiaoling , Wu Tao
Published: January 2020

Bilberry anthocyanins reversed Alzheimer's disease-induced cognitive disfunction, reduced neuroinflammatory response and induced phagocytosis to beta-amyloid protein plaques via activating microglia.
Effects of three cooking methods on content changes and absorption efficiencies of carotenoids in maize
Authors: Zhang Songhao , Ji Jing , Zhang Siqi , Guan Chunfeng , Wang Gang
Published: January 2020

Oxidation may be the main factor influencing the carotenoid losses during the cooking process, the competition between xanthophylls and β-carotene during micellization is mainly affected by the type of carotenoid instead of the cooking method.
Measurements of rhenium isotopic composition in low-abundance samples
Authors: Dellinger Mathieu , Hilton Robert G. , Nowell Geoffrey M.
Published: January 2020

A new method is presented for measuring accurate stable rhenium isotopic ratios (δ187Re, in ‰) by MC ICP-MS Neptune by using 1013 Ω amplifiers and pre-concentration of Re from water samples in the field.
Analytical performance of a high-repetition rate laser head (500 Hz) for HR LA-ICP-QMS imaging
Authors: Šala Martin , Šelih Vid Simon , Stremtan Ciprian Cosmin , Teun van Elteren Johannes
Published: January 2020

Fast aerosol transport technologies used in LA-ICP-MS increased the need for high-repetition rate lasers. We thoroughly investigated the performance of a 500 Hz laser and no damaging effect on the image quality was observed.
Exosome-mediated microRNA-497 delivery for anti-cancer therapy in a microfluidic 3D lung cancer model
Authors: Jeong Kyeongsoo , Yu Yeong Jun , You Jae Young , Rhee Won Jong , Kim Jeong Ah
Published: January 2020

A 3D cell culture system that mimics the lung cancer microenvironment was used to investigate the effect of exosomes encapsulating miR-497 on tumor growth and angiogenesis, and could be a predictive, cost-efficient translational tool to develop targeted cancer therapy.
RuO2 photodeposited on W-doped and Cr-doped TiO2 nanotubes with enhanced photoelectrochemical water splitting and capacitor properties
Authors: Mohammadi Tecush , Ghayeb Yousef , Sharifi Tayebeh , Momeni Mohamad Mohsen
Published: January 2020

Two series of highly ordered Cr-doped TiO2 (CT) and W-doped TiO2 (WT) nanotubes were prepared by in situ anodizing and modified by photodeposition of RuO2 for water splitting study.
Transformation of the active component during oxidative and reductive activation of the palladium hydrogenation catalyst
Authors: Laskin Artem , Il'yasov Il'dar , Lamberov Alexander
Published: January 2020

In this work, the transformation of supported salts on alumina with the formation of palladium metal particles of a hydrogenation catalyst is considered.
Ultrathin Pd-based nanosheets: syntheses, properties and applications
Authors: Nosheen Farhat , Wasfi Nimra , Aslam Sehrish , Anwar Tauseef , Hussain Sajad , Hussain Naveed , Shah Syed Nasir , Shaheen Nusrat , Ashraf Adnan , Zhu Yating , Wang Haiqing , Ma Jianmin , Zhang Zhicheng , Hu Wenping
Published: January 2020

Research advances on the syntheses, properties and applications of ultrathin Pd-based nanosheets are summarized.
Local mucosal immunization of self-assembled nanofibers elicits robust antitumor effects in an orthotopic model of mouse genital tumors
Authors: Li Sijin , Zhu Wenbing , Ye Chao , Sun Wenjia , Xie Hanghang , Yang Xu , Zhang Qishu , Ma Yanbing
Published: January 2020

In this study, we proposed that local mucosal immunization of nanofibers via the intravaginal route represented a promising vaccination strategy for the treatment of genital tumor lesions such as cervical cancer.
Adsorption processes on a Pd monolayer-modified Pt(111) electrode
Authors: Chen Xiaoting , Granda-Marulanda Laura P. , McCrum Ian T. , Koper Marc T. M.
Published: January 2020

Specific adsorption of anions is an important aspect in surface electrochemistry for its influence on reaction kinetics in either a promoted or inhibited fashion.
Nitric oxide imaging in cancer enabled by steric relaxation of a photoacoustic probe platform
Authors: Reinhardt Christopher J. , Xu Ruiwen , Chan Jefferson
Published: January 2020

Systematic optimization of the aza-BODIPY dye platform facilitated planarization and a red-shift in the absorbance. SR-APNO-3 enabled the first validated detection of cancer-derived nitric oxide with PA imaging.
s-Block metal ions induce structural transformations between figure-eight and double trefoil knots
Authors: Dang Li-Long , Gao Xiang , Lin Yue-Jian , Jin Guo-Xin
Published: January 2020

The presence or absence of s-block metal ions induces reversible structural transformation of molecular knots.
“Disrupt and induce” intermolecular interactions to rationally design organic semiconductor crystals: from herringbone to rubrene-like pitched π-stacking
Authors: Wang Chengyuan , Hashizume Daisuke , Nakano Masahiro , Ogaki Takuya , Takenaka Hiroyuki , Kawabata Kohsuke , Takimiya Kazuo
Published: January 2020

The rational design of organic semiconductor crystals is realized by β-methylthionation of acenedithiophenes through manipulating intermolecular interactions in a “disrupt and induce” manner.
DNA nanotweezers for stabilizing and dynamically lighting up a lipid raft on living cell membranes and the activation of T cells
Authors: Sun Lele , Su Yingying , Wang Jun-Gang , Xia Fei , Xu Ying , Li Di
Published: January 2020

We report a DNA nanotweezer that recruits raft-associated lipids, proteins and possibly endogenous cholesterol on living cell membrane. The DNA nanotweezers could activate T cell proliferation in a nonspecific activation manner.
Core–shell nanoporous AuCu3@Au monolithic electrode for efficient electrochemical CO2 reduction
Authors: Ma Xiaoming , Shen Yongli , Yao Shuang , An Cuihua , Zhang Weiqing , Zhu Junfa , Si Rui , Guo Chunxian , An Changhua
Published: January 2020

Monolithic bulk nanoporous core–shell AuCu3@Au has been synthesized through a facile oxidative etching of the Au20Cu80 alloy, which exhibits high efficiency for the electrocatalytic reduction of CO2 in a broad potential window.
A materials perspective on magnesium-ion-based solid-state electrolytes
Authors: Jaschin Prem Wicram , Gao Yirong , Li Yao , Bo Shou-Hang
Published: January 2020

As economically viable alternatives to lithium-ion batteries, magnesium-ion-based all-solid-state batteries have been researched to meet the criteria for an ideal energy storage device.
Ultra-thin trinity coating enabled by competitive reactions for unparalleled molecular separation
Authors: Zhang Yanqiu , Ma Jun , Shao Lu
Published: January 2020

Inspired by the competition-driven evolution in nature such as for organismal complexity expansion, the covalent bond (CB)/coordination bond (COB) competitive reactions as the universal toolbox were conceived to construct the unparalleled molecular separation trinity coating.
Highly efficient tin perovskite solar cells achieved in a wide oxygen concentration range
Authors: He Xin , Wu Tianhao , Liu Xiao , Wang Yanbo , Meng Xiangyue , Wu Jihuai , Noda Takeshi , Yang Xudong , Moritomo Yutaka , Segawa Hiroshi , Han Liyuan
Published: January 2020

Tin perovskite solar cells (TPSCs) as one of the most promising candidates for lead-free PSCs have large potential to be industrialized in the future.
Glutamate detection at the cellular level by means of polymer/enzyme multilayer modified carbon nanoelectrodes
Authors: Marquitan Miriam , Mark Melanie D. , Ernst Andrzej , Muhs Anna , Herlitze Stefan , Ruff Adrian , Schuhmann Wolfgang
Published: January 2020

Carbon nanoelectrodes in the sub-micron range were modified with an enzyme cascade immobilized in a spatially separated polymer double layer system for the detection of glutamate at the cellular level.
Sc3N@C80 and La@C82 doped graphene for a new class of optoelectronic devices
Authors: Jayanand Kishan , Chugh Srishti , Adhikari Nirmal , Min Misook , Echegoyen Luis , Kaul Anupama B.
Published: January 2020

Hybrid graphene photodetectors (PDs) with endohedral Sc3N@C80 and La@C82 were used by the Kaul Research Group at the University of North Texas to dope graphene p-type and n-type, respectively, that resulted in significant optoelectronic property enhancement of the PDs.
Fluorescent electronic tongue supported with water-borne polyurethane for the discrimination of nitroaromatics in aqueous solution
Authors: Yang Tao , Feng Chuying , Zhao Peng , Wu Yusen , Ding Yun , Wang Guiyou , Hu Aiguo
Published: January 2020

Fluorescent electronic tongues are designed for the quick discrimination of nitroaromatics in aqueous solution through fluorescence quenching of soluble conjugated polymeric nanoparticle (SCPN) arrays supported with water-borne polyurethane.
Joint Viterbi detection and decoding algorithm for bluetooth low energy systems
Authors: Park Chulhyun , Jung Yongchul , Kim Jihoon , Jung Yunho
Published: January 2020

An efficient joint Viterbi detection and decoding (JVDD) algorithm for a bluetooth low energy (BLE) system is proposed. Since the convolutional coded Gaussian minimum‐shift keying (GMSK) signal is specified in the BLE 5.0 standard, two Viterbi processors are needed for detection and decoding. However, the proposed JVDD scheme uses only one Viterbi processor by modifying the branch metric with inter‐symbol interference information from GMSK modulation; therefore, the hardware complexity can be significantly reduced without performance degradation.