bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cost‐effectiveness analysis of CYP2C19 genotype‐guided antiplatelet therapy for patients with acute minor ischemic stroke and high‐risk transient ischemic attack in China
Authors: Zhang Zhuolin , Bao Yuwen , Gu Yajie , Zhang Mengdie , Li Xin
Published: October 2023

Aims

The study aimed to estimate the cost‐effectiveness of CYP2C19 genotype‐guided antiplatelet therapy using cilostazol and ticagrelor as an alternative to clopidogrel, compared to conventional antiplatelet therapy with clopidogrel and aspirin.

Methods

A 90‐day decision tree and 30‐year Markov model were employed to assess the costs and quality‐adjusted life years (QALYs) of personalized antiplatelet therapy for patients with minor ischemic stroke and high‐risk transient ischemic attack, compared to conventional antiplatelet therapy in the Chinese healthcare system. The primary outcome was the incremental cost‐effectiveness ratio (ICER). The data sources included clinical trials, published literature, official documents and local prices. One‐way sensitivity analysis and probabilistic sensitivity analysis were performed to confirm the robustness of the findings.

Results

The base‐case analysis indicated that the CYP2C19 genotype‐guided antiplatelet strategy was cost‐effective, and cilostazol group and ticagrelor group yielded an ICER of 3327.40 US dollars (USD)/QALY and 3426.92 USD/QALY, respectively, which were less than threshold. The one‐way sensitivity analysis showed the results were robust, where the most sensitive parameter was the disability distribution in the modified Rankin scale 3‐5. The probabilistic analysis showed that the CYP2C19 genotype‐guided antiplatelet therapy with either cilostazol or ticagrelor was 100% cost‐effective under the willingness‐to‐pay threshold.

Conclusions

CYP2C19 genotype‐guided antiplatelet therapy using cilostazol and ticagrelor as an alternative to clopidogrel appeared to be more cost‐effective than conventional antiplatelet therapy for acute minor ischemic stroke and high‐risk transient ischemic attack patients over 30 years in China.
Quality or breadth? Environmental information disclosure, corporate financial performance and the role of analysts
Authors: Yao Nengzhi , Ouyang Zhe , Guo Qiaozhe , Gong Xiuyuan
Published: October 2023

Environmental information disclosure (EID) is an important part of environmental management practices, and it has become a reference for stakeholders to evaluate firms. To obtain support from stakeholders, such as analysts, firms can disclose information that indicates how good they perform in environmental protection, which we referred to as EID quality, and/or that covers multiple aspects of environmental protection, which we referred to as EID breadth. Given the importance of EID practices, this study examines whether and how these two dimensions of EID affect corporate financial performance (CFP). Analyzing a sample of publicly listed manufacturing firms from 2009 to 2019 in China, we find that EID breadth has a positive relationship with CFP, while EID quality has a negative impact on CFP after controlling for EID breadth. In addition, we find that the positive impact of EID breadth on CFP is achieved by enhancing analyst coverage, while the effect of EID quality on CFP is achieved by analyst recommendation. Our work contributes to the literature on EID by uncovering different mechanisms about how EID quality and EID breadth affect CFP and offers important implications regarding the management and governance of EID practices.
Supporting people to live well: A multimethod study of Shared Lives (adult placement)
Authors: Brookes Nadia , Palmer Sinead , Collins Grace , Callaghan Lisa
Published: October 2023

Background

Shared Lives (adult placement) is a model of community‐based support where an adult who needs support and/or accommodation moves into or regularly visits the home of an approved Shared Lives carer. It is an established but small‐scale service used mainly by adults with learning disabilities. However, little research has been conducted about whether and in what ways this model can support people to live well.

Method

This article presents findings from outcome measures focused on well‐being for a sample of 39 people supported by Shared Lives in England. Fifteen semistructured interviews were also conducted by peer/coresearchers to supplement the quantitative data. Data collection took place between June 2017 and September 2018.

Findings

Findings indicated that people using Shared Lives generally had good outcomes across all of the measures. All of those interviewed identified areas of their life where Shared Lives had made a positive difference, particularly with relationships and activities.

Conclusions

Limitations to the research mean that more work is needed to fully understand the role Shared Lives plays in supporting people to live well and in comparison to other forms of community support.
Early gonadogenesis inColumba livia(birds: Columbiformes): Migration, colonization, and differentiation of germ cells
Authors: Olea Gabriela Beatriz , Aguirre María Victoria , Lombardo Daniel Marcelo
Published: October 2023

In birds, primordial germ cells (PGCs) use the bloodstream to travel to a specific region, where the cells undergo extravasation followed by intrastromal migration to the gonadal crest for further colonization. Currently, DDX4, SSEA1, and Oct4 are used to identify germ cells. Other germline cell‐associated molecules are N‐cadherin, GnRHR, and 3β hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3βHSD), which have been used in mice and birds during gonadal development; however, its role in early gonadogenesis in birds is poorly described. This study aimed to evaluate the differential immunodetection of N‐cadherin binding molecule, Oct4 pluripotency protein, GnRHR receptor, and 3βHSD enzyme inColumba liviaembryos during migration colonization of PGCs in the gonadal crest and early gonadogenesis. These markers were revealed by immunohistochemistry in histological preparations ofC. liviacorresponding to stages (S)15 to S40. Immunodetection of N‐cadherin, Oct4, GnRHR, and 3βHSD in the germ line ofC. liviaallowed the identification of PGCs in the yolk sac membrane at the level of the splanchnic mesoderm during migration to the genital crest and its colonization. In the same way, it was possible to characterize and localize PGCs during early gonadogenesis. This study inC. liviademonstrates that Oct4, N‐cadherin, GNRHR, and 3βHSD are immunodetected in PGCs and could be used as potential germline cell markers during cell migration out of blood vessels, colonization in the genital crest, and early gonadogenesis. Furthermore, this study could be used as a novel general model to understand the early gonadogenesis in altricial species.
Using artificial intelligence‐based technologies to detect clinically relevant changes of gross motor function in children with cerebral palsy
Authors: Schafmeyer Leonie , Losch Heike , Bossier Christiane , Lanz Isabel , Wunram Heidrun Lioba , Schoenau Eckhard , Duran Ibrahim
Published: October 2023

Aim

To compare the 66‐item Gross Motor Function Measure (GMFM‐66) with the reduced version of the GMFM‐66 (rGMFM‐66) with respect to the detection of clinically relevant changes in gross motor function in children with cerebral palsy (CP).

Method

The study was a retrospective single centre analysis of children with CP who participated in a rehabilitation programme. Overall, 1352 pairs of GMFM‐66 and rGMFM66 measurements with a time interval of 5 to 7 months were available. To measure clinically relevant changes in gross motor function, the individual effect size (iES) was calculated.

Results

The study population consisted of 1352 children (539 females), mean age 6 years 4 months (SD 2 years 4 months). The iES based on the GMFM‐66 and the rGMFM‐66 showed a significant correlation (r = 0.84, p < 0.001). The analysis of the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve showed an excellent agreement for clinically relevant gross motor improvement (Cohen’s d ≥ 0.5; area under the curve = 0.90 [95% confidence interval 0.88–0.92]) or deterioration (Cohen’s d ≤ −0.5; area under the curve = 0.95 [95% confidence interval 0.92–0.97]).

Interpretation

Performing the rGMFM‐66 saves time compared to the full GMFM‐66. The rGMFM‐66 showed good agreement with the GMFM‐66 with respect to the detection of clinically relevant changes in gross motor function in children with CP, so its use in everyday clinical practice seems justifiable.

What this paper adds

The reduced version of the 66‐item Gross Motor Function Measure (rGMFM‐66) detects clinically relevant changes in gross motor function in children with cerebral palsy.

The rGMFM‐66 correlates highly with the full GMFM‐66.

The rGMFM‐66 can be used in clinical practice when the time schedule is limited.
The relationship between glycated haemoglobin and blood glucose‐lowering treatment trajectories in type 2 diabetes: The Fremantle Diabetes Study Phase II
Authors: Davis Timothy M. E. , Davis Wendy
Published: October 2023

Aims

To examine the relationships between glycaemia and treatment complexity over 6 years in well‐characterized community‐based people with type 2 diabetes.

Materials and Methods

Fremantle Diabetes Study Phase II participants who had type 2 diabetes with glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) and blood glucose‐lowering therapy (BGLT) data over 6 years were included. Group‐based multi‐trajectory modelling identified combined HbA1c/BGLT trajectory subgroups for diabetes durations of ≤1.0 year (Group 1; n = 160), >1.0 to 10.0 years (Group 2; n = 382;) and >10.0 years (Group 3; n = 357). Multinomial regression was used to identify baseline associates of subgroup membership.

Results

The optimum numbers of trajectory subgroups were three in Group 1 (low, medium, high) and four in Groups 2 and 3 (low, low/high medium, high). Each low trajectory subgroup maintained a mean HbA1c concentration of <53 mmol/mol (<7.0%) on lifestyle measures, or monotherapy (Group 3). All five medium subgroups had stable HbA1c trajectories at <58 mmol/mol (<7.5%) but required increasing oral BGLT, or insulin (Group 3, high medium). The Group 1 high subgroup showed a falling then increasing HbA1c with steady progression to insulin. The high subgroups in Groups 2 and 3 showed stable HbA1c profiles at means of approximately 64 mmol/mol (8.0%) and 86 mmol/L (10.0%), respectively, on insulin. Non‐Anglo Celt ethnicity, central obesity and hypertriglyceridaemia were strongly associated with Group 1 high subgroup membership. Younger age at diagnosis and central obesity were independent associates of the most adverse HbA1c trajectories in Groups 2 and 3.

Conclusions

These data demonstrate diabetes duration‐dependent heterogeneity in glycaemic and treatment profiles and related clinical and laboratory variables, which have implications for management.
A generic decision support framework for identification of societal impact themes and its measurement in a B‐school
Authors: Paul Jomon A. , Gala Prachi
Published: October 2023

Business schools play an important role in making positive contributions to society. Thus, the Association to Advance Collegiate Schools of Business (AACSB) has placed societal impact as an expectation of all accredited schools. This article proposes an integrated multisource and multimethod approach to measure the societal impact of a business school. Using data from various sources (primary data collection via faculty survey and secondary data via faculty annual review documents) we were able to identify societal impact themes that aligned with college activities in teaching, research, and community engagement. AACSB's outlook on societal impact and the United Nations’ sustainable development goals (SDGs) provided the guiding framework. We performed content analyses using DICTION software on the data to algorithmically discover the themes characterizing societal impact. To further support our data collection efforts, faculty listening sessions and discussions with unit heads were also conducted. Decent Work and Economic Growth; and Industry, Innovation, and Infrastructure emerged as the top two themes. Using word clouds, multiple subthemes emerged from these two overarching themes. To conclude, we discuss an approach to operationalizing these themes by quantifying societal impact in a business school.
Breast cancer resistance protein polymorphism ABCG2 c.421C>A (rs2231142) moderates the effect of valproate on lamotrigine trough concentrations in adults with epilepsy
Authors: Šušak Sporiš Ivana , Božina Nada , Klarica Domjanović Iva , Sporiš Davor , Bašić Silvio , Bašić Ivana , Lovrić Mila , Ganoci Lana , Trkulja Vladimir
Published: October 2023

Background

Valproate inhibits clearance of lamotrigine and greatly increases its concentrations. We assessed whether this effect was moderated by a polymorphism (ABCG2 c.421C>A) of the breast cancer resistance protein.

Methods

In two consecutive independent studies in adults with epilepsy on lamotrigine monotherapy or cotreated with valproate: (i) Exposure to valproate was considered treatment, (ii) dose‐adjusted lamotrigine troughs at steady state were the outcome, and (iii) ABCG2 c.421C>A genotype (wild‐type [wt] homozygosity or variant carriage) was the tested moderator. We used entropy balancing (primary analysis) and exact/optimal full matching (secondary analysis) to control for confounding, including polymorphisms (and linked polymorphisms) suggested to affect exposure to lamotrigine (UGT1A4*3 c.142T>G, rs2011425; UGT2B7–161C>T, rs7668258; ABCB1 1236C>T, rs1128503) to generate frequentist and Bayesian estimates of valproate effects (geometric means ratios [GMR]).

Results

The two studies yielded consistent results (replicated); hence, we analyzed combined data (total N = 471, 140 treated, 331 controls, 378 ABCG2 c.421C>A wt subjects, 93 variant carriers). Primary analysis: in variant carriers, valproate effect (GMR) on lamotrigine (treated, n = 21 vs. controls, n = 72) was around 60% higher than in wt subjects (treated, n = 119 vs. controls, n = 259)—ratio of GMRs 1.61 (95%CI 1.23–2.11) (frequentist) and 1.63 (95%CrI 1.26–2.10) (Bayes). Similar differences in valproate effects between variant carriers and wt subjects were found in the secondary analysis (valproate troughs up to 364 μmol/L vs. no valproate; or valproate ≥364 μmol/L vs. no valproate). Susceptibility of the estimates to unmeasured confounding was low.

Conclusion

Data suggest that polymorphism rs2231142 moderates the effect of valproate on exposure to lamotrigine.
Updates on lung neuroendocrine neoplasm classification
Authors: Vocino Trucco Giulia , Righi Luisella , Volante Marco , Papotti Mauro
Published: October 2023

Lung neuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs) are a heterogeneous group of pulmonary neoplasms showing different morphological patterns and clinical and biological characteristics. The World Health Organisation (WHO) classification of lung NENs has been recently updated as part of the broader attempt to uniform the classification of NENs. This much‐needed update has come at a time when insights from seminal molecular characterisation studies revolutionised our understanding of the biological and pathological architecture of lung NENs, paving the way for the development of novel diagnostic techniques, prognostic factors and therapeutic approaches. In this challenging and rapidly evolving landscape, the relevance of the 2021 WHO classification has been recently questioned, particularly in terms of its morphology‐orientated approach and its prognostic implications. Here, we provide a state‐of‐the‐art review on the contemporary understanding of pulmonary NEN morphology and the potential contribution of artificial intelligence, the advances in NEN molecular profiling with their impact on the classification system and, finally, the key current and upcoming prognostic factors.
Effect of vacuum impregnation with melatonin, γ‐aminobutyric acid, and oxalic acid on chilling injury and quality of carambola
Authors: Mohd Yusof Farah Anum , Azman Ezzat Mohamad , Mohd Adzahan Noranizan , Yusof Noor Liyana
Published: October 2023

Carambola is a nutrient‐rich tropical fruit that ripens and spoils rapidly at ambient temperature, making low‐temperature storage a preferable method to address this problem. Unfortunately, carambola suffered a chilling injury when stored at low temperatures. Carambola was vacuum impregnated with melatonin (MT), γ‐aminobutyric acid (GABA), and oxalic acid (OA) to mitigate chilling injury and improve its quality during cold storage. Carambola fruits were stored at 4 °C for 28 days and analysed every 7 days. Weight loss, firmness, physicochemical properties, phenolic content, flavonoid content, and proline content were assessed. MT‐treated carambola has the highest firmness, 146.31 g and lowest weight loss, 1.53% in comparison to others by the end of the storage period. Visual observations showed that MT‐treated carambola ripened evenly, without any chilling injury symptoms and decay was also delayed, whereas OA‐ and GABA‐treated carambola started to decay on day 28. Instead of degrading, phenolics and flavonoids were retained with 6.10% and 12.67% increase when compared to the initial level. GABA‐treated carambola can also retain its phenolic and flavonoid content; meanwhile, OA‐treated carambola can only retain its phenolic content. Therefore, MT can be applied to mitigate chilling injury and maintain the quality of carambola.
Is seeing always good? The influence of organic food packaging transparency on consumers' purchase intentions
Authors: Liang Shichang , Yuan Xueying , Han Xiaoyan , Han Chun , Liu Zhen , Liang Meiting
Published: October 2023

Organic food enjoys widespread popularity; however, there are numerous factors influencing our purchasing decisions in this regard. Among these factors, packaging stands as a significantly salient determinant. While numerous studies have examined various aspects of organic food packaging, such as design, materials, and size, the impact of packaging transparency has received relatively less attention. Consequently, this research explores the Influence of transparency in organic food packaging on consumers' purchase intentions. The findings from two experiments illustrate that transparency in organic food packaging significantly impacts consumers' purchase intentions. Specifically, organic food with transparent packaging (vs. opaque) increases consumers' purchase intentions, with green perceived value (GPV) playing an intermediary role (Experiment 1). Additionally, consumers' self‐construal, which relates to their sense of individuality or interconnectedness with others, moderates the Influence of packaging transparency on their purchase intentions; for individuals with an independent self‐construal, organic food with transparent packaging increases their purchasing intentions. On the other hand, individuals with an interdependent self‐construal show higher purchase intentions for organic food with opaque packaging than transparent packaging (Experiment 2). These findings shed light on the psychological mechanisms and contextual factors determining how organic food packaging transparency affects consumers' purchasing intentions. They also offer practical implications for companies in terms of designing packaging transparency and other aspects of organic food packaging.
Update on the management of first episode primary spontaneous pneumothorax in an Australian hospital network
Authors: Chew Christopher , Bartlett James , Kelly Anne‐Maree
Published: October 2023

International guidelines and recent research favour a less interventional approach to primary spontaneous pneumothorax (PSP). A retrospective clinical audit of 68 first‐episode PSP was undertaken at a major tertiary teaching hospital network in Melbourne, Australia, found that most patients presenting with a moderate to large pneumothorax received initial intercostal catheter insertion (56%), though many (81%) would have met criteria for consideration of conservative management. The results suggest continued deviation from clinical guidelines in the management of PSP.
Suitability of the stress severity index combined with remote‐sensing data as a tool to evaluate drought resistance traits in potato
Authors: Hoelle Julia , Asch Folkard , Khan Awais , Bonierbale Merideth
Published: October 2023

Potato is a drought susceptible crop and even short drought spells reduce tuber yields notably. In an earlier study we developed a stress severity index (SSI) based on the development stage of a genotype at the onset of drought and the soil water deficit based on soil water tension. Here, we test the suitability of the SSI combined with remotely sensed data as a screening tool to select drought‐tolerant potato genotypes. Normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and the photochemical reflectance index (PRI) were obtained from reflectance measurements and thermography. Temperature data from the thermography allow using the difference between leaf and air temperature (∆T) to estimate the transpirational cooling of the leaves. Via cluster analysis including SSI, tuber yield reduction under drought, NDVI, PRI and thermography, three groups were distinguished: 1. SSI < 1000 with fast decreasing NDVI, PRI and ∆T, 2. SSI 1000–2000 with almost constant NDVI and ∆T and 3. SSI > 2000 described by small changes of NDVI, PRI and temperature deficit. For SSI < 1000, ∆T, PRI and NDVI showed to be good indicators of genotypic performance under drought. Potential strategies for drought resistance in potato detectable through remote sensing are discussed.
Influence of hypertension and global or abdominal obesity on left ventricular hypertrophy: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Zhang Xueyao , Li Guangxiao , Zhang Dongyuan , Sun Yingxian
Published: October 2023

Although hypertension and obesity are both risk factors for left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH), the extent of their impact on LVH in the general population is still unclear, and the predictive value of obesity indicators for LVH remains to be elucidated. In this study, obesity‐related indicators, including waist circumference (WC), waist‐height ratio (WHTR), and waist‐hip ratio (WHR), were used to define abdominal obesity (AO), whereas body mass index (BMI) was used to measure general obesity (GO). The effects of hypertension and obesity on LVH were estimated using logistic regression analysis, as was the relative risk of LVH based on the presence of obesity, hypertension, or both. Subgroup analyses were performed based on sex and age. Of the 9134 participants (≥35 years old), 915 (10.0%) developed LVH. After adjusting for covariates, the odds ratios (95% confidence intervals) for LVH were 3.94 (3.27–4.75) in patients with hypertension, 1.90 (1.60–2.26) in those with GO, and 1.45 (1.25–1.69), 1.69 (1.43–2.00), and 1.54 (1.33–4.75) in individuals with AO defined based on WC, WHTR, and WHR, respectively. Analysis by sex showed similar values in women, but AO based on WC and WHR were not significantly associated with LVH in men. Further, after adjusting for potential confounding factors, concomitant hypertension and obesity had an increased risk of developing LVH in all age ranges, particularly in patients aged 35–45 years (risk increased 14.14‐fold, 10.84‐fold, 7.97‐fold, and 9.95‐fold for BMI‐based GO and WC‐, WHTR‐, and WHR‐based AO, respectively), and in both men and women but particularly in men (risk increased 7.71‐fold, 4.67‐fold, 5.83‐fold, and 5.58‐fold, respectively). In summary, all obesity indicators (BMI, WC, WHTR, and WHR) had predictive value for LVH in women; however, only BMI and WHTR should be considered for men. Furthermore, monitoring for the occurrence and progression of LVH is imperative for rural Chinese patients with concomitant hypertension and obesity, especially men and those aged 35–45 years.
Exploring the mechanism of ellagic acid against gastric cancer based on bioinformatics analysis and network pharmacology
Authors: Liu Zhiyao , Huang Hailiang , Yu Ying , Li Lingling , Shi Xin , Wang Fangqi
Published: October 2023

Ellagic acid (EA) is a natural polyphenolic compound. Recent studies have shown that EA has potential anticancer properties against gastric cancer (GC). This study aims to reveal the potential targets and mechanisms of EA against GC. This study adopted methods of bioinformatics analysis and network pharmacology, including the weighted gene co‐expression network analysis (WGCNA), construction of protein–protein interaction (PPI) network, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) and Kaplan–Meier (KM) survival curve analysis, Gene Ontology (GO) function and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis, molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulations (MDS). A total of 540 EA targets were obtained. Through WGCNA, we obtained a total of 2914 GC clinical module genes, combined with the disease database for screening, a total of 606 GC‐related targets and 79 intersection targets of EA and GC were obtained by constructing Venn diagram. PPI network was constructed to identify 14 core candidate targets; TP53, JUN, CASP3, HSP90AA1, VEGFA, HRAS, CDH1, MAPK3, CDKN1A, SRC, CYCS, BCL2L1 and CDK4 were identified as the key targets of EA regulation of GC by ROC and KM curve analysis. The enrichment analysis of GO and KEGG pathways of key targets was performed, and they were mainly enriched in p53 signalling pathway, PI3K‐Akt signalling pathway. The results of molecular docking and MDS showed that EA could effectively bind to 13 key targets to form stable protein–ligand complexes. This study revealed the key targets and molecular mechanisms of EA against GC and provided a theoretical basis for further study of the pharmacological mechanism of EA against GC.
Nonpharmacological tactile activity interventions for reducing behavioural and psychological symptoms of dementia in the acute hospital setting: An integrative review
Authors: Davis Erin Rachel , Aggar Christina , Bissett Michelle
Published: October 2023

Aim

To review existing research on nonpharmacological tactile activity interventions for reducing behavioural and psychological symptoms of dementia in the acute hospital setting.

Background

When people living with dementia are admitted to hospital, they often experience an exacerbation of behavioural and psychological symptoms of dementia. Pharmacological interventions are often used to manage behavioural and psychological symptoms of dementia despite the low success rate and the heightened risk of morbidity and mortality. Low‐cost alternatives that are implementable at the bedside are nonpharmacological interventions such as tactile activity interventions.

Design

An integrative review of the literature.

Methods

Four databases were searched using the PRISMA framework to guide the search and screening. Eligible studies were identified and the quality of each was evaluated using the Mixed Method Appraisal Tool. Thematic analysis was conducted to identify and analyse key themes across all articles. The PRISMA checklist was used to evaluate the current study.

Results

Seven studies examined the use of tactile activity interventions to reduce the behavioural and psychological symptoms of dementia and the barriers and facilitators to implementation.

Conclusion

There is limited evidence exploring tactile activity interventions for reducing behavioural and psychological symptoms of dementia in acute hospital settings. Individualised approaches in combination with staffing expertise appear central to implementation.

Relevance to Clinical Practice

Acute hospital settings can result in increased behavioural and psychological symptoms of dementia which can be distressing for patients and family and challenging for nursing staff. Tactile activity interventions may offer a low resource bedside option to support people with dementia in acute health settings.

Patient or Public Contribution

No direct patient or public contribution to the review.
‘There is always good fortune in misfortune to encourage us in coping with difficulties’—The lived experiences of family caregivers of people with dementia during the COVID‐19 outbreak in China: A phenomenological study
Authors: Zhang Qiongqiong , Li Bin , Han Jing , Chen Sanmei , Lu Yongchao , Tang Shengnan , Wang Qingyan
Published: October 2023

Aim

To describe the lived experiences of family caregivers of individuals with dementia during the coronavirus disease (COVID‐19) outbreak in China.

Design

This study used a descriptive phenomenological research method.

Methods

Between May and September 2021, semi‐structured interviews were conducted with 22 family caregivers of people with dementia. Colaizzi's method was used for manual analysis.

Results

Qualitative data revealed an overarching experience of finding ‘There is always good fortune in misfortune to encourage us in coping with difficulties’. Three themes emerged: family reactions to the COVID‐19 outbreak, feeling supported by multiple resources performing respective functions and resilient adaptation to new situations.

Conclusion

During the COVID‐19 outbreak, family caregivers of people living with dementia in China looked for positive aspects among difficulties and experienced corresponding reactions, social support resources and resilient adapted coping styles.

Implications for the Profession and/or Patient Care

Nurses in China and other countries facing similar pandemic characteristics, cultures or economic development levels, can guide family caregivers to look at family hardships from a positive perspective, develop interventions to rapidly respond to families' reactions after a disaster and help them identify social support resources and form adapted coping styles.

Impact

We identified the resilience and the positive experiences of Chinese family caregivers of individuals with dementia during the COVID‐19 outbreak. The results can inform countries with similar cultures and economic levels, offering measures to support their adaptation to pandemics.

Reporting Method

This study followed the COREQ guidelines.

Patient or Public Contribution

Family caregivers of people with dementia who met the inclusion criteria and who were interested in sharing their understanding of their experiences, participated in the study.
“We been dying, and you got me on a call helping you stay alive”: Black and Latinx youth organizers' experiences of racism in gun violence prevention organizations
Authors: Wilf Sara , Reed Taylor , Millet Victoria , Ortiz Stephanie M. , Wray‐Lake Laura
Published: October 2023

This study explored Black and Latinx youth organizers' experiences of racism within national gun violence prevention organizing spaces. Interview data were analyzed from 17 Black and/or Latinx youth (Mage = 20.17, 47% women) across the United States who organized against gun violence. The findings identified three forms of racism that Black and Latinx organizers experienced in national organizations: (1) being tokenized for their racial identities and experiences without having real decision making power; (2) feeling a burden to educate their white peers about the structural causes of gun violence and how to improve organizing spaces for other youth of color; and (3) being silenced in their racially conscious organizing efforts to address the structural causes of gun violence in their communities. This research highlights how Black and Latinx youth gun violence prevention organizers contend both with structural racism in their everyday lives and racism in organizing spaces.
Sperm quality of Litopenaeus vannamei fed fresh or experimental food in two culture systems
Authors: Barral‐Pintos Xurxo , Arévalo Miguel , Escalante Karla , Arenas Martín , Morones Rodrigo , Velazquez Eduardo , Gaxiola Gabriela
Published: October 2023

The growth of shrimp production through aquaculture has led to efforts to optimize processes such as nutrition during the prematuration and reproductive phases. This study sought an optimal culture system and diet to enhance the reproductive characteristics of male Litopenaeus vannamei during prematuration: this compared biofloc with clear water, and an experimental pellet (EP) with a mix of fresh food. Effects were measured in terms of shrimp survival, sperm quality, immunological parameters including prophenoloxidase (ProPO) and hemocyte count, nutritional condition measured as metabolites in hemolymph, hepatopancreas, and reproductive tract, oxidative stress biomarkers in the hepatopancreas and reproductive tract, and relative expression of superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, ProPO, alpha2‐macroglobulin and caspase in reproductive tract. Survival was higher with pellets (100%) than with fresh food (87%). Shrimp that were fed pellets had a higher hepatosomatic index, higher nutrient concentration in the hepatopancreas, and a higher antioxidant activity in the reproductive tract. Notably, sperm quality remained similar regardless of culture system or diet. These promising results should be ratified with a bioeconomic study to check the feasibility of hatcheries to use monosex tanks and feeding the males with EPs.
Population genomic analyses reveal population structure and major hubs of invasive Anopheles stephensi in the Horn of Africa
Authors: Samake Jeanne N. , Lavretsky Philip , Gunarathna Isuru , Follis Madison , Brown Joshua I. , Ali Said , Yared Solomon , Carter Tamar E.
Published: October 2023

Anopheles stephensi invasion in the Horn of Africa (HoA) poses a substantial risk of increased malaria disease burden in the region. An understanding of the history of introduction(s), establishment(s) and potential A. stephensi sources in the HoA is needed to predict future expansions and establish where they may be effectively controlled. To this end, we take a landscape genomic approach to assess A. stephensi origins and spread throughout the HoA, information essential for vector control. Specifically, we assayed 2070 genome‐wide single nucleotide polymorphisms across 214 samples spanning 13 populations of A. stephensi from Ethiopia and Somaliland collected in 2018 and 2020, respectively. Principal component and genetic ancestry analyses revealed clustering that followed an isolation‐by‐distance pattern, with genetic divergence among the Ethiopian samples significantly correlating with geographical distance. Additionally, genetic relatedness was observed between the northeastern and east central Ethiopian A. stephensi populations and the Somaliland A. stephensi populations. These results reveal population differentiation and genetic connectivity within HoA A. stephensi populations. Furthermore, based on genetic network analysis, we uncovered that Dire Dawa, the site of a spring 2022 malaria outbreak, was one of the major hubs from which sequential founder events occurred in the rest of the eastern Ethiopian region. These findings can be useful for the selection of sites for heightened control to prevent future malaria outbreaks. Finally, we did not detect significant genotype–environmental associations, potentially due to the recency of their colonization and/or other anthropogenic factors leading to the initial spread and establishment of A. stephensi. Our study highlights how coupling genomic data at landscape levels can shed light into even ongoing invasions.
The role of glycosaminoglycans in blood pressure regulation
Authors: Afsar Baris , Afsar Rengin Elsurer
Published: October 2023

Essential hypertension (HT) is the global health problem and is a major risk factor for the development of cardiovascular and kidney disease. High salt intake has been associated with HT and impaired kidney sodium excretion is considered to be a major mechanism for the development of HT. Although kidney has a very important role in regulation of BP, this traditional view of BP regulation was challenged by recent findings suggesting that nonosmotic tissue sodium deposition is very important for BP regulation. This new paradigm indicates that sodium can be stored and deposited nonosmotically in the interstitium without water retention and without increased BP. One of the major determinants of this deposition is glycosaminoglycans (GAGs). By binding to GAGs found in the endothelial surface layer (ESL) which contains glycocalyx, sodium is osmotically inactivated and not induce concurrent water retention. Thus, GAGs has important function for homeostatic BP and sodium regulation. In the current review, we summarized the role of GAGs in ESL and BP regulation.
Assessment of frailty and quality of life and their correlation in the haemodialysis population at Palmerston North Hospital, New Zealand
Authors: Shariff Aliah B. , Panlilio Norman , Kim Alice H. M. , Gupta Ankur
Published: October 2023

Aim

End‐stage kidney disease (ESKD) is increasingly becoming a healthcare concern in New Zealand and haemodialysis remains the most common modality of treatment. Frailty and health‐related quality of life (HRQOL) are established predictors of prognosis and have already been shown to be poor in the dialyzing population. Existing data show correlation between these measures in the ESKD population, however there is little evidence for those on haemodialysis specifically. Our study aimed to assess for a correlation between frailty and HRQOL in the haemodialysis population at Palmerston North Hospital, and to assess for any differences in frailty and HRQOL scores between indigenous Māori and non‐Māori subgroups.

Methods

A cross‐sectional study was conducted involving 93 in‐centre haemodialysis patients from Palmerston North Hospital, New Zealand. Baseline demographic data was measured alongside frailty and HRQOL scores, which were measured using the Kidney Disease Quality of Life tool (KDQOL‐36) and the Edmonton Frail Scale.

Results

A statistically significant negative correlation was observed between frailty and all aspects of HRQOL (p < .05), with the strongest correlation observed between frailty and the physical component (r = −.64, p = <.001). Independent samples t‐test showed no statistically significant difference between scores for Māori and non‐Māori in frailty (M = 7.4, SD = 3.3 vs. M = 6.8, SD = 3.2; t (91) = −0.92, p = .80), or HRQOL (p values > .05 in all components).

Conclusion

A negative correlation was observed between frailty and HRQOL. This information can be beneficial in guiding discussions around treatment modality and for future patients and useful in enabling better predictions of prognosis. No statistically significant differences in frailty and HRQOL scores were observed between Māori and non‐Māori groups, however the generalizability of this finding is limited due to the insufficient size of the study population.
Single‐cell sequencing, spatial transcriptome ad periodontitis: Rethink pathogenesis and classification
Authors: Razzouk Sleiman
Published: October 2023

Objective

This narrative review illuminates on the application of single‐cell RNA sequencing (scRNA‐seq) and spatial transcriptomics (ST) in periodontitis and highlights the probability of relating cell population and gene signatures to the pathogenesis of the disease for a better diagnosis.

Methods

An electronic search of the literature in the PubMed database for the keywords, “single cell sequencing” OR “spatial transcriptomics” and “periodontitis” OR “gingiva” OR “oral mucosa” yielded 486 research articles and reviews. After filtering duplicates and careful curation, 22 papers conducted in humans were retained.

Results

The molecular mechanisms underlying periodontitis are complex and involve the interaction of multiple cells and various gene expressions. Most residing cells in periodontal tissues participate in maintaining homeostasis and health, while in addition to infiltrating immune cells contribute to the fight against the bacterial insult.

Conclusion

scRNA‐seq and ST have provided new insights into the cellular and molecular changes associated with periodontitis for a better diagnosis and clinical outcome. New functions of cells and genes are revealed with these techniques; however, no cells or gene signatures are attributed to periodontitis so far.
Validation of a physiological type 2 diabetes model in human periodontal ligament stem cells
Authors: Ai Dongqing , Yin Yuanyuan , Xia Xuyun , Yang Sihan , Sun Yu , Zhou Jie , Qin Han , Xu Xiaohui , Song Jinlin
Published: October 2023

Objectives

Type 2 diabetes (T2DM), a recognized risk factor for periodontitis, is characterized by insulin resistance. However, the molecular mechanisms concerning the role of insulin resistance in linking T2DM and periodontitis remain poorly elucidated due to the absence of an appropriate T2DM cell model. We aimed to explore an appropriate model of T2DM in human periodontal ligament stem cells (hPDLSCs) and uncover the involved mechanisms.

Materials and Methods

hPDLSCs were incubated with common reagents for recapitulating insulin resistance state including high glucose (HG) (15, 25, 35, 45 mM), glucosamine (0.8, 8, 18, 28, 38 mM), or palmitic acid (PA; 100, 200, 400, 800 μM), combined with LPS for 48 h. The insulin signaling pathway, inflammation, and pyroptosis were detected by western blots and quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction (RT–qPCR). The effects on osteogenesis were evaluated by alkaline phosphatase staining, alizarin red S staining, RT–qPCR, and western blots.

Results

HG failed to recapitulate insulin resistance. Glucosamine was sufficient to induce insulin resistance but failed to trigger inflammation. In total, 100 and 200 μM PA exhibited the most proinflammatory, insulin resistance, and pyroptosis induced role, and inhibited the osteogenic differentiation of hPDLSCs.

Conclusion

Palmitic acid is a promising candidate for developing T2DM model in hPDLSCs.
Brugada syndrome in infants (<12 months): A case report and literature review
Authors: Umapathi Krishna Kishore , Godsey Veronica , Chang Hsieh Ting , Kohli Utkarsh
Published: October 2023

While Brugada syndrome (BrS) is well described in adults and older children, presentation of BrS within the first 12 months of life is rare and therefore poorly characterized. We report a 7‐year‐old male with a malignant BrS phenotype with onset at 8 months of age, leading to multiple ventricular tachycardia (VT) and ventricular fibrillation (VF) related cardiac arrests and ultimately his death. The report is supplemented by a comprehensive review of existing literature on infantile‐onset BrS and unique features in this population are discussed.
Simultaneous suppression of lignin, tricin and wall‐bound phenolic biosynthesis via the expression of monolignol 4‐O‐methyltransferases in rice
Authors: Dwivedi Nidhi , Yamamoto Senri , Zhao Yunjun , Hou Guichuan , Bowling Forrest , Tobimatsu Yuki , Liu Chang‐Jun
Published: October 2023

Grass lignocelluloses feature complex compositions and structures. In addition to the presence of conventional lignin units from monolignols, acylated monolignols and flavonoid tricin also incorporate into lignin polymer; moreover, hydroxycinnamates, particularly ferulate, cross‐link arabinoxylan chains with each other and/or with lignin polymers. These structural complexities make grass lignocellulosics difficult to optimize for effective agro‐industrial applications. In the present study, we assess the applications of two engineered monolignol 4‐O‐methyltransferases (MOMTs) in modifying rice lignocellulosic properties. Two MOMTs confer regiospecific para‐methylation of monolignols but with different catalytic preferences. The expression of MOMTs in rice resulted in differential but drastic suppression of lignin deposition, showing more than 50% decrease in guaiacyl lignin and up to an 90% reduction in syringyl lignin in transgenic lines. Moreover, the levels of arabinoxylan‐bound ferulate were reduced by up to 50%, and the levels of tricin in lignin fraction were also substantially reduced. Concomitantly, up to 11 μmol/g of the methanol‐extractable 4‐O‐methylated ferulic acid and 5–7 μmol/g 4‐O‐methylated sinapic acid were accumulated in MOMT transgenic lines. Both MOMTs in vitro displayed discernible substrate promiscuity towards a range of phenolics in addition to the dominant substrate monolignols, which partially explains their broad effects on grass phenolic biosynthesis. The cell wall structural and compositional changes resulted in up to 30% increase in saccharification yield of the de‐starched rice straw biomass after diluted acid‐pretreatment. These results demonstrate an effective strategy to tailor complex grass cell walls to generate improved cellulosic feedstocks for the fermentable sugar‐based production of biofuel and bio‐chemicals.
Prime editing: Mechanism insight and recent applications in plants
Authors: Vu Tien V. , Nguyen Ngan Thi , Kim Jihae , Hong Jong Chan , Kim Jae‐Yean
Published: October 2023

Prime editing (PE) technology utilizes an extended prime editing guide RNA (pegRNA) to direct a fusion peptide consisting of nCas9 (H840) and reverse transcriptase (RT) to a specific location in the genome. This enables the installation of base changes at the targeted site using the extended portion of the pegRNA through RT activity. The resulting product of the RT reaction forms a 3′ flap, which can be incorporated into the genomic site through a series of biochemical steps involving DNA repair and synthesis pathways. PE has demonstrated its effectiveness in achieving almost all forms of precise gene editing, such as base conversions (all types), DNA sequence insertions and deletions, chromosomal translocation and inversion and long DNA sequence insertion at safe harbour sites within the genome. In plant science, PE could serve as a groundbreaking tool for precise gene editing, allowing the creation of desired alleles to improve crop varieties. Nevertheless, its application has encountered limitations due to efficiency constraints, particularly in dicotyledonous plants. In this review, we discuss the step‐by‐step mechanism of PE, shedding light on the critical aspects of each step while suggesting possible solutions to enhance its efficiency. Additionally, we present an overview of recent advancements and future perspectives in PE research specifically focused on plants, examining the key technical considerations of its applications.
Spatial propagation of a lattice predation–competition system with one predator and two preys in shifting habitats
Authors: Li Jun‐Feng , Wang Jia‐Bing
Published: October 2023

This paper deals with a discrete diffusive predator–prey system involving two competing preys and one predator in a shifting habitat induced by the climate change. By applying Schauder's fixed‐point theorem on various invariant cones via constructing several pairs of generalized super‐ and subsolutions, we establish four different types of supercritical and critical forced extinction waves, which describe the conversion from the state of a saturated aboriginal prey with a pair of invading alien predator–prey, two competing aboriginal coexistent preys with an invading alien predator, a pair of aboriginal coexistent predator–prey and an invading alien prey, and the coexistence of three species to the extinction state, respectively. Meanwhile, the nonexistence of some subcritical forced waves is showed by contradiction. Furthermore, some numerical simulations are given to present and promote the theoretical results.