bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Future and development direction (21-35) of M&S for building up to the hyper-army in Republic of Korea Army
Authors: Won Kyoungchan , Kim Yongpil , Kim Minsuk , Ha Taegyun , Lee Yongyeon , Lee Hojun
Published: August 2021

This study presents the direction of modeling and simulation (M&S) development, which is essential for high-tech armed forces, focusing on the Vision 2030 in Republic of Korea Army. In particular, in preparation for the Fourth Industrial Revolution, the army is doing its best to transform itself with cutting-edge science and technology. It is preparing for future warfare by promoting artificial intelligence (AI), a dronebot combat system, the warrior platform, and Army-Tiger 4.0 to increase the mobility, intelligence, and networking of infantry units. M&S is vital for accomplishing this advanced science and technology. In other words, it is an essential element of effective defense management, such as improving defense capabilities, enhancing military power, strengthening combat readiness posture, and training for future science. In particular, M&S is the best solution to overcome the difficult conditions of a limited budget and lack of resources by using more creative thinking methods along with cutting-edge technologies, such as AI, big data, virtual reality, and the Internet of things (IoT). The Republic of Korea Army recognizes its importance and intends to introduce and implement the 21-35 Army M&S development direction to present the vision and direction of the Army M&S for advanced science and technology force and to develop it continuously.
AVALIAÇÃO DE FORMALDEÍDO EM AMOSTRAS DE ALISANTES CAPILARES OBTIDAS EM SALÕES DE BELEZA NO MUNICÍPIO DE ITAPACI-GO
Authors: Oliveira Aylla Marcela Barbosa de , Melo Gabriele Duarte de , Souza Maria Juíva Marques de Faria
Published: August 2021

RESUMO: O formaldeído é uma das substâncias que pode ser encontrado na composição de alisantes capilares. Quanto aos rótulos desses produtos devem estabelecer aos usuários a identificação de possíveis substâncias que lhes causem alergias. O objetivo foi analisar a rotulagem primária e avaliar quali-quantitativamente o formaldeído nas amostras de alisantes coletadas em salões de beleza no município de Itapaci- GO. Após coleta dos alisantes capilares nos salões de beleza de Itapaci- GO foi realizada a análise da rotulagem de acordo com a RDC N° 7, de 10 de fevereiro de 2015, e a avaliação quali-quantitativa do formaldeído nas amostras segundo Guia de Controle de Qualidade de Produtos Cosméticos Agência Nacional de Vigilância Sanitária (Anvisa). Os rótulos estavam devidamente dentro das normas exigidas para embalagem primária. Na avaliação qualitativa, todas as amostras apresentaram-se positivas para presença de formaldeído acima de 0,01 % e 83,33 % (5/6) das amostras apresentaram formaldeído acima da concentração permitida (0,2 %). Alerta-se para a necessidade de maior fiscalização dos alisantes pela Anvisa e campanhas educativas voltadas aos cabeleireiros e consumidores sobre seus possíveis riscos/danos à saúde relacionados a procedimentos químicos capilares com formaldeído.
PRINCIPAIS FATORES RELACIONADOS À SÍFILIS CONGÊNITA NO BRASIL – REVISÃO INTEGRATIVA
Authors: Libera Larisse Silva Dalla , Gonçalves Iara Rosa , Sá Karla Camila Camargo De , Rodrigues Débora Acyole
Published: August 2021

Introdução: A sífilis congênita (SC) corresponde à infecção do feto por disseminação hematogênica do Treponema pallidum, sendo transmitida via transplacentária em qualquer momento da gestação. Objetivo: abordar a ocorrência da sífilis congênita no Brasil e as formas de diagnóstico disponíveis nas unidades de saúde brasileira. Metodologia: Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa. Foram selecionados artigos compreendidos no período de 2010 a 2018. Com amostra das bases de dados do Centro Latino-Americano, Caribe de Informações em Ciências da Saúde (BIREME), Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde (LILACS), e na biblioteca digital Scientific Electronic Library Online (Scielo). Resultado E Discussão: Segundo os artigos analisados, as gestantes mais propensas foram predominantemente não brancas entre 20 a 29 anos, baixo nível socioeconômico, solteiras, e que demonstraram que não foram tratadas ou tratadas inadequadamente. Portanto, pode ocasionar complicações severas como mortalidade intrauterina, podendo levar a prematuridade ou aborto. O diagnóstico mais utilizado para triagem na gestante ainda e o VDRL e confirmatório FTA-Abs. Conclusão: Os achados mostram que há um aumento dos casos de sífilis congênita, mas seu aumento não está relacionado somente à falta de assistência no pré-natal, e sim por uma assistência inadequada. A prevenção, o diagnóstico precoce e o tratamento da gestante e do seu parceiro ainda são os métodos mais efetivos para combater os crescentes casos. É essencial a conscientização da população quanto aos riscos da prática sexual insegura e da importância do autocuidado. Palavras-Chave:Sífilis Congênita; Diagnóstico; Cuidado pré-natal; Transmissão.
Characterizing Undetected Stellar Companions with Combined Data Sets
Authors: Wood Mackenna L. , Mann Andrew W. , Kraus Adam L.
Published: August 2021

Binaries play a critical role in the formation, evolution, and fundamental properties of planets, stars, and stellar associations. Observational studies in these areas often include a mix of observations aimed at detecting or ruling out the presence of stellar companions. Rarely can nondetections rule out all possible binary configurations. Here we present MOLUSC, our framework for constraining the range of properties of unseen companions using astrometric, imaging, and velocity information. We showcase the use of MOLUSC on a number of systems, ruling out stellar false positives in the signals of HIP 67522b and DS Tuc Ab. We also demonstrate how MOLUSC could be used to predict the number of missing companions in a stellar sample using the ZEIT sample of young planet hosts. Although our results are not significant, with a larger sample, MOLUSC could be used to see if close-in planets are less common in young binary systems, as is seen for their older counterparts.
Cephonodes sanshaensis sp. nov. (Lepidoptera, Sphingidae) from Xisha Islands, Hainan Province, China
Authors: Deng Min , Wang Min , Tang Chao , Cai Bo , Ma Guang-Chang , Huang Guo-Hua
Published: August 2021

A new species, Cephonodes sanshaensis Deng & Huang sp. nov. is described from Xisha Islands in Sansha City of China. The photos of the adults and their genitalia are provided. The new species is similar to C. hylas (Linnaeus, 1771) and C. picus (Cramer, 1777), but it can be distinguished easily by characters in the male genitalia: the right lobe of the uncus hook-shaped with distinctly acute apex, left valva long and narrow with truncate apex, right valva broad knife-shaped. Molecular analysis based on COI barcode sequences is used to infer the phylogenetic position of the new species within the genus Cephonodes. An updated key and checklist to the species of the genus Cephonodes are also provided.
Camtrap DP: A frictionless data exchange format for camera trapping data
Authors: Desmet Peter , Bubnicki Jakub , Norton Ben
Published: August 2021

Camera trapping is one of the most important technologies in conservation and ecological research and a well-established, non-invasive method of collecting field data on animal abundance, distribution, behaviour, temporal activity, and space use (Wearn and Glover-Kapfer 2019). Collectively, camera trapping projects are generating a massive and continuous flow of data, consisting of images and videos (with and without animal observations) and associated identifications (Scotson et al. 2017, Kays et al. 2020). In recent years, significant progress has been made by the global camera trapping community to resolve the challenges this brings, from the development of specialized data management tools and analytical packages, to the application of cloud computing and artificial intelligence to automate species recognition (Tabak et al. 2018). However, to effectively exchange camera trap data between infrastructures and to (automatically) harmonize data into large-scale wildlife datasets, there is a need for a common data exchange format—one that captures the essential information about a camera trap study, allows expression of different study and identification approaches, and aligns well with existing biodiversity standards such as Darwin Core (Wieczorek et al. 2012).

Here we present Camera Trap Data Package (Camtrap DP), a data exchange format for camera trap data. It is managed by the Machine Observations Interest Group of Biodiversity Information Standards (TDWG) and developed publicly, soliciting community feedback for every change. Camtrap DP is built on Frictionless Standards, a set of generic specifications to describe and package (tabular) data and metadata. Camtrap DP extends these with specific requirements and constraints for camera trap data. By building on an existing framework, users can employ existing open source software to read and validate Camtrap DP formatted data. Validation especially is useful to automatically check if provided data meets the requirements set forth by Camtrap DP, before analysis or integration.

Supported by the major camera trap data management systems e.g. Agouti, TRAPPER, eMammal, and Wildlife Insights, Camtrap DP is reaching its first stable version. The first Camtrap DP dataset was published on Zenodo (Cartuyvels et al. 2021b). This dataset was also published to the Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF) (Cartuyvels et al. 2021a), demonstrating the ability and limitations of transforming the data to the Darwin Core standard.
Propranolol treatment of infantile subglottic hemangioma: a report of two cases and a literature review
Authors: Ganeva Kalina , Shivachev Petar , Sapundzhiev Nikolay , Nikiforova Lora
Published: August 2021

Infantile hemangioma is one of the most common benign tumors of infancy. The natural evolution includes rapid growth followed by gradual involution. Airway hemangiomas are not that common, but they can lead to dyspnoea, as well as to life-threatening complications.

Two children aged 3 months were admitted to the Pediatric Department with difficulties in breathing and with biphasic stridor. They had previously been hospitalized because of the same symptoms and misdiagnosed as having an upper respiratory tract infection. The previous treatment included intravenous or inhaled corticosteroids, without any significant improvement. Laryngoscopy was performed for both of the children. There was a mass in the subglottic area with the appearance of a hemangioma causing significant airway stenosis. We started treatment with propranolol at a dose of 1 mg/kg/day twice daily. The dose was gradually increased up to 3 mg/kg/day, under close monitoring. In the first 7 to 10 days after initiation of treatment, we observed a significant improvement of the respiratory distress. The second laryngoscopy showed an almost complete involution of the mass in the subglottis. 

The focus of this article will be primarily on the clinical presentation and the therapeutic response of subglottic hemangioma, along with a literature review on the subject.
A Revision of Cresson Pate (Hymenoptera, Apoidea, Bembicidae) with the description of two new species
Authors: Packer Laurence
Published: August 2021

I describe two new species of the previously monotypic, Chilean endemic nysonine genusCresson:C. mariasteaPacker,sp. nov. andC. salitreraPacker,sp. nov., redescribe the type speciesC. parvispinosus(Reed) and provide an identification key for the three species. I clear up the confusion associated with the original type material of the latter species by designating a specimen from the type locality as thelectotype. The new species extend the range of the genus northwards, one by over 1000 km. I suggest putative hosts for all three species, all of which are in the generaTachysphexorParapiagetia.
Géographie d’un changement social. La diffusion spatiale des naissances hors mariage en France depuis un demi-siècle
Authors: Doignon Yoann
Published: August 2021

À partir d’une grande base de données provenant des registres de l’état civil, nous étudions les dynamiques spatiales des naissances hors mariage en France sur une période de temps importante (entre 1968 et 2017, soit près d’un demi-siècle) et à un niveau géographique fin (pseudo-cantons). Les résultats mettent en évidence une diffusion spatiale de la natalité hors mariage, mais aussi le rôle important des structures socio-culturelles traditionnelles qui s’efface progressivement pour faire émerger une nouvelle structure spatiale. Enfin, une inversion de la hiérarchie urbaine se déroule à la fin des années 1980, avec une natalité hors mariage plus forte dans les petites villes que les grandes villes.
The potential for aflatoxin predictive risk modelling in sub-Saharan Africa: a review
Authors: Keller B. , Russo T. , Rembold F. , Chauhan Y. , Battilani P. , Wenndt A. , Connett M.
Published: August 2021

This review presents the current state of aflatoxin risk prediction models and their potential for value actors throughout the food chain in sub-Saharan Africa, with a specific focus on improving smallholder farmer management practices. Several empirical and mechanistic models have been developed either in academic research or by private sector aggregators and processors in high-income countries including Australia, the USA, and Southern Europe, but these models have been only minimally applied in sub-Saharan Africa, where there is significant potential and increasing need due to climate variability. Predictions can be made based on historic occurrence data using either a mechanistic microbiological framework for aflatoxin accumulation or an empirical model based on statistical correlations with climate conditions and local agronomic factors. Model results can then be distributed to smallholders through private, public, or mobile extension services, used by policymakers for strategy or policy, or utilised by private sector institutions for management decisions. Specific agricultural advice can be given during the three most critical points in the phenological cycle: preseason insight including sowing timing and crop varieties, preharvest advice about management and harvest timing, and postharvest optimal practices including storage, drying, and market information. Model development for sub-Saharan Africa is limited by a dearth of georeferenced aflatoxin occurrence data and real-time high resolution climate data; the wide diversity of farm typologies each with significant information and technology gaps; a prevalence of informal market structures and lack of economic incentives systems; and general lack of awareness around aflatoxins and best management practices to mitigate risk. Given advancements towards solving these challenges, predictive aflatoxin models can be integrated into decision support platforms to focus on optimisation of value for smallholders by minimising yield and nutritional losses, which can propagate value throughout the production and postharvest phases.
A Case of Mistaken Identity: Genetic and Morphological Evidence for the Presence of Redeye Bass in the Verde River, Arizona
Authors: Valente Matthew J. , Benson Catherine E. , Chmiel Matthew R. , Lewis Matthew R. , Peatman Eric , Eaton Hillary L.
Published: August 2021

We report genetic and morphological evidence for the presence of Redeye Bass Micropterus coosae, in the Verde River of Arizona, previously thought to be Smallmouth Bass Micropterus dolomieu. We performed meristic measurements on 15 individuals sampled from the Upper Verde River Wildlife Area, Yavapai County, Arizona. Meristic data for lateral line scales, scales above lateral line, and scales below lateral line were all consistent with Redeye Bass and not Smallmouth Bass. We analyzed mitochondrial and nuclear genetic data to determine whether one of the black bass (Genus Micropterus) species historically introduced to the Verde River was Redeye Bass and whether they persist in the system. We extracted DNA from fin clips of five individuals for phylogenetic analysis of the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide + hydrogen (NADH) dehydrogenase subunit 2 (ND2) mitochondrial gene and for analysis of nuclear DNA using a diagnostic Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP) panel. Results of the ND2 genetic sequencing and phylogenetic analysis indicated that these fish likely originated from native Redeye Bass stock from the Coosa River system of Alabama, Georgia, and Tennessee. Similarly, nuclear SNP data from the five individuals collected from the Verde River aligned with Redeye Bass reference genotypes based on STRUCTURE analysis. These results support the hypothesis that at least one of the introductions of black bass in Arizona's Verde River founded a previously unrecognized population of Redeye Bass. Further work is needed to determine the extent of the Redeye Bass presence in Arizona, whether Smallmouth Bass are also present in the Verde River system, and if hybridization of Redeye Bass and other black basses is occurring.
THE IMPACT OF HEAD POSITIONING ON THE IMAGE QUALITY OF MULTI-DETECTOR COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY
Authors: Hsu Yang-Ting , Jao Jo-Chi
Published: August 2021

Radiologic technologists face various types of patients during multi-detector computed tomography (CT) examinations. In emergency departments, it is common to have patients who cannot follow instructions for the examinations. The asymmetric axial view of the head CT might affect the correctness of the clinician’s diagnosis. This study aimed to assess the impact of head positioning on the image quality of head CT using two phantoms. All scans were performed on a 16-slice CT scanner. In the control group, the tilted angle of the phantoms was 0[Formula: see text], and no multiplanar reconstruction (MPR) was performed. In the experimental groups, the tilted angles of the phantoms were 5[Formula: see text], 10[Formula: see text] and 15[Formula: see text], respectively, and MPR was performed afterwards. The results showed that if the head was tilted during the head CT examinations, image asymmetry and artifacts appeared without MPR. After MPR, one phantom showed that there were significant differences and the other phantom showed no significant differences quantitatively in image symmetry and artifacts between experimental groups and the control group, while both phantoms showed no significant differences qualitatively in image symmetry and artifacts between experimental groups and the control group. Although MPR can correct the image asymmetry and artifacts caused by tilted head positioning to some extent, it consumes time. Therefore, technologists should position the head as exactly as possible when performing head CT examinations.
Companies and the UN Sustainable Development Goals
Authors: Diez-Busto Elsa , San-Martín Paula , Pérez Andrea
Published: August 2021

This chapter explores the role that the private sector assumes in promoting sustainable development and fighting economic, social, and environmental international challenges by working on the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals. From a theoretical approach, the chapter provides a literature review on business strategies (i.e., corporate social responsibility and social entrepreneurship) that can align business goals with the SDGs. It also presents a discussion on the main benefits of working on the SDGs (i.e., social impact and business value) that serves as a rationale for companies to invest in social and environmental programs. The chapter concludes with an overview of recent literature that has explored the corporate-SDGs intersection, which assists the authors in identifying gaps in current literature and relevant areas of future research on the involvement of the private sector in the Agenda 2030.
Health Schools in Spain
Authors: Gracia-Pérez María Luisa , Gil-Lacruz Marta , López-Concepción Arelys , Bazán-Monasterio Victor , Saz-Gil Isabel , Gil-Lacruz Ana I.
Published: August 2021

In 2015, the United Nations adopted 17 major Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) to address current economic, social, and environmental challenges. Governments play a key role in achieving the SDGs through advocacy, awareness, and regulation. In this work, the authors focus on SDG 3, “Guarantee a Healthy Life and Promote Well-Being for All Ages.” Specifically, the articulation of citizen participation for health promotion in health schools is reviewed. They have been selected by choosing four schools and a Spanish entity that show how health education can facilitate the development of citizen participation in the field of health. The health schools and their corresponding training programs show the multiplicity of ways that citizens acquire access to the health field, ranging from information to decision-making in the system.
Guillain-Barré Syndrome Associated with SARS-CoV-2 Infection: A Case Report
Authors: Darvishi Mohammad , Shahali Hamze , Farahani Azade Amirabadi
Published: August 2021

A 56-year-old man was referred to the emergency department for the subacute onset of and weakness in the lower extremities, paraesthesia and pain. He was diagnosed with SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia and then, he received the necessary treatment according to national protocol. Radiographic, laboratory, and electroneurographic findings indicated an acute polyradiculoneuritis with prominent demyelination and suggesting the diagnosis of Guillain-Barr syndrome associated with COVID-19 infection.
The location of InsP3 receptors in Purkinje cells of murine cerebellum does not supports a direct interaction in the transfer of calcium ions between ER and mitochondria
Authors: Iyer Ramesh , Franzini-Armstrong Clara
Published: August 2021

The inositol-3-phosphate receptors (IP3Rs) of cerebellar Purkinje cells are located in abundant, large stacks of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) cisternae. Using thin section electron microscopy, we identify very frequent associations of the ER stacks with mitochondria. The associations have two components: a single, close ER-mitochondria contact on one side to the stack, and multiple layers of ER cisternae decorated by IP3Rs receptors on the side away from the mitochondria. Due to their location in the stacks, IP3Rs are never in contact with the mitochondria, although they are in their vicinity. We conclude that transfer of Ca2+ between ER and mitochondria is not directly mediated by IP3Rs, but is based on mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake from the local cytoplasmic spikes during IP3Rs’ activity.
A Cross-Sectional Study on Molecular Detection of Helicobacter pylori cytotoxin-associated gene A and 16SrRNA Gene from Gastric Biopsy Specimens
Authors: Vagarali Manjula A. , Metgud Sharada C. , Bannur Hema , Dodamani Suneel S.
Published: August 2021

Introduction:

The aim of the study is relative proportion of cytotoxin-associated gene A (cagA) virulence marker in Helicobacter pylori isolates and gastric biopsy samples by polymerase chain reaction (PCR).

Methods:

This cross-sectional study was conducted at a tertiary care hospital setting. Gastric biopsy tissues from 200 patients, suffering from upper gastrointestinal tract disorders, were examined for H. pylori infection using methods, such as hematoxylin and eosin (H and E) staining, 16S rRNA (Ribosomal ribonucleic acid), and cagA gene PCR. Chi-square and kappa statistics were used to find the association and agreement between the tests, respectively; P ≤ 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Screening tests' accuracy was calculated in terms of sensitivity and specificity along with positive and negative predictive values.

Results:

Out of 200 patients, H. pylori was detected in 14.5%, 48.5%, and 31% patients by H and E staining, 16S rRNA, and cagA PCR, respectively. Sensitivity and specificity of cagA PCR as compared to H and E staining were 89.6% and 78.9%, respectively.

Conclusions:

CagA detection directly from biopsy specimen by PCR can potentially and rapidly determine the patient's status, especially when at a higher risk of peptic ulcer.
Evaluation of the Sealing Ability of Antibacterial Sealing Gel Versus Chlorhexidine Varnish at the Implant-Abutment Interface
Authors: Raju Soja , Harshakumar K. , Ravichandran R. , Nair Vivek V. , Janardanan Kavitha , Francis Litty
Published: August 2021

Background:

Lack of complete wall-to-wall adaptation between implant and abutment of two-piece implants results in microgap at the implant-abutment interface (IAI). Leakage of bacteria and the endotoxins produced by them at the IAI play a major role in inflammatory reactions of surrounding soft tissues, which in turn lead to crestal bone loss.

Objectives:

The objective of the study is to compare the sealing ability of antibacterial sealing gel and chlorhexidine (CHX) varnish at the IAI by assessing the growth of Escherichia coli on agar plates.

Materials and Methods:

A total of 36 implants and abutments were selected for the study and divided into three groups. Sealing agents were applied at the IAI of implant groups and a control group without any sealing agent. Abutments were connected to the implants, and bacteria were inoculated. Bacterial percolation was evaluated by culturing the specimen from the internal aspect of implants on agar plates after incubation. Efficacy was evaluated by counting the colonies (colony-forming units) on the agar plates. The results were analyzed by using Kruskal–Wallis analysis of variance followed by pairwise comparison using Dunn-Bonferroni test.

Results:

Mean of colony-forming units for control was calculated to be 178.38 cfu, for antibacterial sealing gel was 4.75 cfu, and for CHX varnish was 18.63 cfu. In the present study, least value of colony-forming units of bacteria was exhibited by IAIs sealed with antibacterial sealing gel, and the maximum value was given by the control group with no sealing agent at IAI.

Conclusion:

Application of CHX varnish and antibacterial sealing gel can reduce the bacterial leakage through IAI, whereas complete seal was not attained with either of the materials.
Peripheral Ossifying Fibroma
Authors: Subramaniam Sangeeetha , Bala Sakthi Vinu , Gnana Prakash Ponnudurai Samuel , Victor Dhayanand John , Appukuttan Devapriya
Published: August 2021

There are many reports showing localized gingival overgrowth which is most commonly reactive rather than neoplastic. The reactive type of lesion includes pyogenic granuloma, irritation fibroma, peripheral giant cell granuloma, and peripheral ossifying fibroma (POF). Among those, POF is a rare reactive gingival type of lesion. Eversole and Rovin in 1972 first described the POF. The main etiology may be due to trauma, local factors such as plaque and calculus, impingement by dental appliance or restorations. This case report shows a clinical presentation of a 40-year-old male reported with the gingival over growth in the lower front teeth region. The patient was provisionally diagnosed as pyogenic granuloma. Management of the lesion included nonsurgical therapy followed by excisional biopsy. Histologic sections were made and confirmed as POF. The patient was followed up to 6 months with no other complication.
Silicone Finger Prosthesis with Customized Ring Wire Loop Substructure as a Retentive Aid
Authors: Sagadevan Senbagavalli , Ravichandran R. , Harsha Kumar K. , Rajeev Smitha
Published: August 2021

Finger prosthesis is an artificial replacement of missing fingers. Defects of fingers or hands due to congenital reasons or trauma may affect the individual physically, emotionally, and psychologically. Major problem that we can anticipate during prosthetic replacement of missing or lost fingers is retention. The anatomy of the residual stump of the defect is the most important factor that will determine the mode of retention. Retention of the prosthesis can be enhanced by the numerous methods. This case report describes a cost-effective and simple approach of rehabilitation of a partially amputated finger using a custom-made ring-wire loop substructure which helped to enhance the fit and retention of the prosthesis along with fulfilling the functional demands of the patient.
Management of an Ectopically Erupted Permanent Mandibular First Molar
Authors: Sultan Saima , Telgi Chaitra Ravishankar , Chaudhary Seema , Manuja Naveen , Sinha Ashish Amit
Published: August 2021

Ectopic eruption is the disturbance in the eruptive path of a tooth in an abnormal position. The purpose of this manuscript is to provide a brief review regarding the prevalence, etiology, classification, and management of ectopically erupting mandibular molar. This manuscript further presents a case report for uprighting the mesially drifted permanent mandibular first molar due to premature loss of primary second molar using Halterman appliance to allow the eruption of permanent second premolar.
Use and Assessment of Knowledge of Vitamin K Antagonist Therapy in Cardiac Patients
Authors: Pattnaik Nandini , Ansari Anwar Hussain , Chakraborty Praloy , Devasenapathy Niveditha
Published: August 2021

Background:

Safety and efficacy of Vitamin K antagonists (VKAs), the most widely used oral anticoagulant (OAC), is monitored by therapeutic international normalized ratio (INR). The current study was conducted to evaluate the proportion of patients achieving therapeutic range INR and assessment of the knowledge, and awareness among patients regarding OAC therapy, as well as identification of the challenges in the monitoring of INR.

Materials and Methods:

This hospital-based, single-center cross-sectional study was conducted at a tertiary care hospital in Delhi. Patients on anticoagulation with VKAs were interviewed and their records were reviewed. Information on sociodemographic characteristics, history of cardiac illness, INR range, knowledge, and awareness regarding VKA therapy were analyzed. Data management was done via CSPro and statistical analysis via STATA 13.0.

Results:

A total of 86 patients were evaluated. The mean age of the study participants was 49 ± 14.9 years. Only 29.1% of the study group achieved therapeutic INR. Overall awareness and knowledge regarding the need for VKA therapy, ideal INR range, complications of poor monitoring, and dietary restrictions were in the range of 31%–48%.

Conclusion:

Poor INR control is prevalent in Indian patients on VKAs therapy. Although the future practice may move toward newer anticoagulants, a substantial proportion of our population may still need VKAs. Hence, there is a need for improving the knowledge and awareness of patients on VKA therapy to improve therapeutic effectiveness.
Multidetector Computed Tomographic Evaluation of Complications Following Lung Transplantation with Clinical Correlation
Authors: Livingstone Yvette K Kirubha Jayakar David , Sunder Thirugnanasambandan , Dhanuka Twinkle , Sunder Kapali , Thangaraj Paul Ramesh , Kuppuswamy Madhan Kumar
Published: August 2021

Context:

Lung transplantation (LT) is now being performed for end-stage lung and heart-lung disease in a few centers in India. Experience in multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) evaluation of posttransplant complications is currently limited and evolving.

Aims:

This study analyses the early experience in our center regarding the imaging features of complications following LT with clinical outcome correlation and identify the role of MDCT.

Methodology:

A retrospective study of patients who underwent LT and had MDCT imaging from January 2017 to March 2019 was performed. There were 22 patients in this period whose clinical course and CT scans were studied.

Results:

The complications encountered include pleural effusions, atelectasis, bronchostenosis, and reperfusion injury. Rare complications included pulmonary thromboembolism and rejection. The accuracy of computed tomography (CT) imaging in airway evaluation was high but was limited in characterization of consolidation as either infective or noninfective.

Conclusions:

CT is the noninvasive imaging modality of choice in evaluating chronic rejection, airway complications such as bronchostenosis and pulmonary thromboembolism. Clinical, laboratory, and biopsy correlation are needed to diagnose infection or acute rejection, both of which can present with consolidation. Temporal evaluation of events is critical. Familiarity and awareness by the radiologist are crucial for good clinical outcome.
Stress Among the Nurses and Their Family Involved in COVID-19 Patient Management
Authors: Rai Pallavi , Kumari Santoshi , Roy Deblina , Sahu Manoj Kumar
Published: August 2021

Background:

COVID-19 pandemic has caused havoc and many deaths around the world. Coronavirus is highly contagious and spreads like wildfire in the community. The nurses and other frontline health-care workers (HCWs) bore the brunt of this pandemic with maximum effect because they all worked with infected patients. Direct exposure has caused stress, anxiety, and physical cum mental discomfort among them.

Objective:

This study aimed to assess stress among nurses and family members related to COVID-19 outbreak.

Methodology:

In this study, mixed method of prospective approach was used. The study was conducted virtually using social media platforms by online questionnaire. It included 150 participants and information was collected on demographic data, change in relationship with family, spouse, children, self-concept, and perceived stress among themselves and their family members.

Results:

All the nurses were involved in the direct care of COVID-infected patients. Many participants (47%) became anxious and worried about themselves. More than half (56.7%) respondents had no change in relationship, while 40.7% experienced change in relationship with their family. Majority of the participants (88%) had long travel hours and accommodation issues. Although the nurses working for COVID patients were stressed, frightened, and anxious, most of them took pride in their work as a contribution toward the nation during this current pandemic.

Conclusion:

This study demonstrated that frontline HCWs were at increased risk of mental health consequences such as stress, anxiety, and frustration. Their children developed behavioral changes such as agitation and aggressiveness. Many nurses got more family support than before for their contribution during COVID-19 pandemic.
Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy
Authors: Das Debasish , Acharya Debasis , Das Tutan , Singh Shashikant , Gupta Jaideep Das , Pramanik Subhas
Published: August 2021

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) commonly presents with nonspecific ST-T changes in an electrocardiogram (EKG), and a paucity of literature description exists about index presentation of HCM totally as ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) in a very young age. The presence of convex ST elevation in surface EKG in HCM patients indicates disease progression, becomes evident in the fifth or sixth decade of life, and warrants further risk stratification for the need of automated intracardiac defibrillator therapy. We present a rare presentation of nonobstructive HCM totally mimicking acute anterior wall STEMI in a very young male in his third decade of life, which has not been described in the literature so far. Because of the presence of typical convex shaped ST elevation with biphasic terminal T wave inversion across anterior precordial leads with ongoing typical angina, the patient was subjected to right transradial coronary angiogram which revealed the presence of normal nonatherosclerotic coronaries.
Outcome of Pulmonary Hypertension in Pregnancy in Contemporary Era
Authors: Mantoo Mohsin Raj , Makkar Nayani , Mahidhar J , Karuru Uma Devi , Kumar Devesh , Seth Sandeep
Published: August 2021

A 35-year-old female presented to us with a history of exertional dyspnea from the last 20 years and low oxygen saturation noticed from last 1 month during her COVID-19-related illness. The patient did not seek medical attention over these years as the degree of limitation of physical activity was modest. She had a bad obstetric history: five second trimester pregnancy losses and one early neonatal death. Her symptoms were worse during pregnancy and improved thereafter. Physical examination was notable of cyanosis and features of pulmonary hypertension (PH). Echocardiography was suggestive of double outlet right ventricle, large subaortic ventricular septal defect with bidirectional shunt, and severe PH. This case highlights a variable clinical outcome of Eisenmenger syndrome in pregnancy. We did a literature review for studies reporting the outcomes of PH in pregnancy. The overall mortality rates seem to have declined dramatically from as high as 56% reported in studies in the 1990s to < 5% in more contemporary studies. The common adverse obstetric outcomes include prematurity and growth restriction.
Generalised pairs in birational geometry
Authors: Birkar Caucher
Published: August 2021

In this note we introduce generalised pairs from the perspective of the evolution of the notion of space in birational algebraic geometry. We describe some applications of generalised pairs in recent years and then mention a few open problems.
Tutorial on Tom and Jerry: the two smoothings of the anticanonical cone over $\mathbb{P}$(1, 2, 3)
Authors: Brown Gavin D. , Reid Miles , Stevens Jan
Published: August 2021

This is a first introduction to unprojection methods, and more specifically to Tom and Jerry unprojections. These two harmless tricks deserve to be better known, since they answer many practical questions about constructing codimension 4 Gorenstein subschemes. In particular, we discuss here the two smoothing components of the anticanonical cone over

\mathbb{P}

(1, 2, 3).
Class field theory, its three main generalisations, and applications
Authors: Fesenko Ivan
Published: August 2021

This work presents branches of class field theory. Special and general approaches to class field theory, and their roles, are discussed. Three main generalisations of class field theory: higher class field theory, Langlands correspondences and anabelian geometry, and their further developments are discussed. Several directions of unification of generalisations of class field theory are proposed. New fundamental open problems are included.
Intensive care unit professionals during the COVID-19 pandemic in Spain: social and work-related variables, COVID-19 symptoms, worries, and generalized anxiety levels
Authors: García-Hedrera Fernando J. , Gil-Almagro Fernanda , Carmona-Monge F. Javier , Peñacoba-Puente Cecilia , Catalá-Mesón Patricia , Velasco-Furlong Lilian
Published: August 2021

Background: The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 outbreak has been identified as a pandemic and global health emergency. It presents as a severe acute respiratory disease. The rapid dissemination of the disease created challenges for healthcare systems and forced healthcare workers (HCWs) to deal with many clinical and nonclinical stresses. The aim of our research is to describe work conditions, symptoms experienced by HCWs, worries about contagion, and generalized anxiety symptoms and compare those findings across regions in Spain. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted using an online survey. Critical care units throughout Spain were included. The sample comprised HCWs working in intensive care units from March to May 2020. We assessed work variables, physical symptoms, worries about contagion, and anxiety (generalized anxiety disorder-7 questionnaire). Results: The final sample comprised 448 surveys. Among the respondents, 86.9% (n=389) were nursing professionals, and 84.8% (n=380) were women. All participants cared for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients during the study period. Workload during the pandemic in Madrid was judged to be higher than in other regions (P<0.01). The availability of personal protective equipment was found to be higher in Cataluña. The most frequently experienced symptom was headaches (78.1%). Worries about self-infection and the possibility of infecting others received mean scores of 3.11 and 3.75, respectively. Mean scores for generalized anxiety levels were 11.02, with 58.7% of the professionals presenting with generalized anxiety syndrome during the assessment. Conclusions: In this study, we found high levels of anxiety among HCWs caring directly for COVID-19 patients, which could produce long-term psychological alterations that still need to be assessed.
Experiencing the Benefit of Optimized Laminated Glass Interlayer Material Using a Driving Simulator for NVH
Authors: Takeda Yuma , Sakamoto Yumiko , Yoshida Shogo , Hadjit Rabah , Iwamoto Tatsuya
Published: August 2021

In this paper, we present the process we propose to evaluate the effect of the laminated glass interlayer material on the Noise, Vibration and Harshness (NVH) performance of vehicles. The process starts from lab measurements to evaluate the glass damping and sound transmission loss and demonstrate the benefit of using optimized interlayer material. The results are then used to develop filters to adapt a vehicle model created in a driving simulator for NVH. With this process, it is not necessary to physically install the windshield in the vehicle to be able to listen and experience the benefits of switching to an optimized interlayer material. We use results from a real application case to verify the validity of the process and we share in our conclusions the future direction for this work to make the process completely virtual by using CAE simulation data.
Onto extensions of free groups
Authors: Mijares Sebastià , Ventura Enric
Published: August 2021

An extension of subgroups $H\leqslant K\leqslant F_A$ of the free group of
rank $|A|=r\geqslant 2$ is called onto when, for every ambient free basis $A'$,
the Stallings graph $\Gamma_{A'}(K)$ is a quotient of $\Gamma_{A'}(H)$.
Algebraic extensions are onto and the converse implication was conjectured by
Miasnikov-Ventura-Weil, and resolved in the negative, first by
Parzanchevski-Puder for rank $r=2$, and recently by Kolodner for general rank.
In this note we study properties of this new type of extension among free
groups (as well as the fully onto variant), and investigate their corresponding
closure operators. Interestingly, the natural attempt for a dual notion -- into
extensions -- becomes trivial, making a Takahasi type theorem not possible in
this setting.
The Costs of Expatriation
Authors: Boukhris-Ferré Yacine
Published: August 2021

This article aims at studying the concrete conditions of integration of an undocumented person living in Bordeaux. It is essentially based on an ethnographic survey, interviews and a budget survey carried out with a recipient of the Secours Populaire support in Bordeaux.

Cet article propose d’étudier les conditions concrètes d’intégration d’un sans‑papiers installé à Bordeaux. Il repose principalement sur une enquêteethnographique, des entretiens et une enquête budget réalisés auprès d’un bénéficiaire du Secours populaire à Bordeaux.
Network Communication Data Encryption Method Based on Wireless Channel Characteristics
Authors: Zhong Jingxiang
Published: August 2021

In order to improve the secure transmission capability of wireless transmission network communication data, a network communication data encryption design is required. An encryption and secure transmission method of wireless transmission network communication data based on wireless channel feature detection is proposed. The ECC (Elliptic Curves Cryptography) algorithm analyzes by monitoring single-channel and multi-channel samples separately. The ciphertext protocol for data secure transmission is constructed, the Hash dynamic transmission protocol is used for data access control, the data dynamic symmetric key, the key construction and arithmetic coding design are constructed. Combined with the ellipse linear mapping method, the data is encrypted safely. According to the intensity of the wireless channel feature distribution, the scrambling degree is rearranged for the random scrambling and encryption of the data, and the random linear coding method is used to realize the random scrambling and encryption of the data, so as to realize the secure transmission of network communication data and the secure storage of information. The simulation test results show that using this method to encrypt and transmit wireless transmission network communication data has better security and stronger anti-attack ability, thereby improving the secure transmission performance of network communication data.
Yangın Söndürme İçin Alternatif Bir Tasarım: Akıllı Yangın Söndürme Bombası
Authors: TOPTAŞ Murat , YILMAZ Mehmet
Published: August 2021

Yangınlar başta ormanlar olmak üzere, gaz ve petrol nakil hatları, kimyasal madde ve mühimmat depolama alanları gibi birçok noktada ortaya çıkabilmektedir. Bu durumlarla mücadelede günümüzde kullanılmakta olan karadan ve havadan yangınlarla mücadele yöntemleri çoğu durumda etkisiz kalmaktadır. Bu çalışmada havadan yangınlarla mücadele operasyonlarında kullanılabilecek bir ürünün tasarımı önerilmiştir. Akıllı Yangın Söndürme Bombası olarak adlandırılan bu tasarım yeni ve etkili bir üründür. Bu ürün NATO üyesi ülkelerin envanterlerinde bulunan bir harp mühimmatı türü olan MK-82 (havadan yere genel maksat bombası) tip mühimmatın tasarımına benzer bir tasarıma sahiptir. Havacılık ve yangın söndürme endüstrisine kazandırılması amaçlanan akıllı yangın söndürme bombasının mesken alanları dışındaki açık saha yangınlarında etkin bir şekilde kullanılması beklenmektedir.
Helikopterlerde Kullanılan Bir Piston-Prop Motorun Enerji, Ekserji, Termoekolojik, Sürdürülebilirlik, Termoekonomik ve Eksergoekonomik Performans Analizleri
Authors: AKDENİZ Halil Yalcin
Published: August 2021

Bu çalışmada, helikopterlerde kullanılan piston-prop motorlar için enerji, ekserji, termoekolojik, sürdürülebilirlik, termoekonomik ve eksergoekonomik analizler açıklanmış ve 190 SHP güce sahip bir piston-prop motor üzerinde bu analizler uygulanmıştır. İlk olarak piston-prop motor bir termodinamik sistem olarak ele alınmış olup buna göre sistemin kontrol hacmi, giriş ve çıkış akışları, denge denklemleri ve ölü hal koşulları belirlenmiştir. Elde edilen bulgulara göre sistemin enerji verimi % 15.51 olarak bulunurken, ekserji verimi % 11 olarak hesaplanmıştır. Sistemin entropi üretimi, sürdürülebilirlik indeksi, termoekolojik performans katsayısı, termoekonomik parametre değeri, kayıp ekserjisine bağlı eksergoekonomik parametre değeri, yıkım ekserjisine bağlı eksergoekonomik parametre değeri ve toplam eksergoekonomik parametre değeri sırasıyla 2,940 W/K, 1.124, 0.161, 2.20 W/TL, 1.29 W/TL, 2.50 W/TL ve 3.79 W/TL bulunmuştur. Analizler sonucunda sisteme giren yakıtın oluşturduğu enerjinin büyük ölçüde kayba ve yıkıma uğradığı görülmüştür. Elde edilen analiz sonuçlarından hareketle, motorun verim ve performansının yükseltilmesine ek olarak sistemdeki kayıpların ve tersinmezliklerin azaltılabilmesi açısından, bu tipteki motorların soğutma teknolojilerinin iyileştirilmesi ile buradaki kayıpların azaltılması ve genel sistem performansının optimize edilmesi önerilebilir.
Infrastructure and Income Inequality in Indonesia: 2009-2017
Authors: Nurdina Wiastuti
Published: August 2021

In the economic development field, physical and social infrastructure have been argued to affect income inequality despite the mixed results. This study examines the impact of physical and social infrastructure (education and health) on income inequality in Indonesia using 34 provincial unbalanced panel data during 2009-2017. Infrastructure summary indices are constructed, and the impacts of infrastructure on income inequality are estimated by the Generalized Method of Moments (GMM). The findings conclude that physical and social (education) infrastructure contributes to income inequality increases in Indonesia though not robustly significant. Regarding health infrastructure, this study cannot definitely infer its nexus with income inequality since only the model of one-step different-GMM is significant. The result implies that the government needs to consider providing better distribution of infrastructure among income groups to improve income distribution.