bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Natural spices and flavour substitution in zobo tea and drink production: A review
Authors: Nwankwo Chibuzo Stanley , Ulu Faithful O. , Okpomor Endurance O. , Mbachiantim James T. , Okoyeuzu Chigozie Francis , Carew Irene E. , Belay Dereje , Ike David C. , Teshome Abebe
Published: September 2023

This paper reviews the effects of natural spices and flavour on the overall quality of zobo tea and drinks. Zobo is made from the calyces of Hibiscus sabdariffa, also known as roselle. Zobo tea and drinks are rich in nutrients (carbohydrate, fibre, ash, vitamins A and C), minerals (potassium, magnesium, sodium, calcium, iron), and bioactive compounds (organic acids, anthocyanins, flavonoids, phenolic acids) which make them predisposed to microbial proliferation, although nutrient composition and product quality vary with the variety of raw materials used and methods of production. Zobo can be consumed unsweetened or sweetened with honey, maple syrup, sugar cane, or fruit juice extracted from orange, pineapple, apple, or strawberry. Spoilage activities of microorganisms can be minimised with spices when they are used in place of chemical flavouring and preservatives. Several natural preservatives or spices of organic or natural origin could improve the quality attributes of zobo tea and drinks, and reduce both microbial diversity and density. Some of the widely utilised and potential spices include garlic, ginger, mixture of garlic and ginger, lime, clove, cinnamon, nutmeg, kola nut, and pepper. These spices, along with the dried calyces of H. sabdariffa, have antimicrobial properties, and are rich in phytonutrients, including vitamins and minerals. The overall effects are highly dependent on the biological composition of natural additives and synergistic or antagonistic effects between roselle calyces and the additives used. If properly packaged, zobo can be kept longer than zobo drinks, thus resulting in a product with longer shelf life. The use of natural additives in zobo production would go a long way towards enriching both the zobo tea and drinks, and subsequently replenishing the lack of nutrients.
Influence of selected lactic acid bacteria on the sensory characteristics of soft cheese with natural rind
Authors: Okamba Elouti Renaud Blanchard , Roger Tchikoua , Nkoudou Ze Nardis , Essia Ngang Jean Justin
Published: September 2023

Cheese is obtained by the coagulation of milk, followed by maturation under the action of microorganisms which are responsible for the development of physicochemical and organoleptic characteristics of cheese. Among various microorganisms, lactic acid bacteria (LAB) play an essential role in establishing sensory characteristics of the cheese. In Cameroon, the effect of isolated LAB on the sensory characteristics of cheese produced from local cow milk has not yet been investigated. Therefore, the present work aimed to isolate LAB and evaluate their influence on the physicochemical and sensory characteristics of locally produced soft cheeses. Four strains of LAB were isolated and identified as Enterococcus sp.1, Enterococcus sp.2, Pediococcus sp., and Leuconostoc sp. These isolates were combined in batches for production of cheeses, including Frm 741 (Enterococcus sp.1 and Enterococcus sp.2), Frm 891 (Enterococcus sp.2 and Leuconostoc sp.), Frm 683 (Pediococcus sp. and Enterococcus sp.1), Frm 425 (Pediococcus sp. and Leuconostoc sp.), Frm 503 (Pediococcus sp. and Enterococcus sp.2), Frm 439 (Leuconostoc sp. and Enterococcus sp.1), and Frm 625 (Enterococcus sp.1, Enterococcus sp.2, Leuconostoc sp., and Pediococcus sp.). Cheese produced from the combination of Enterococcus sp.1 and Enterococcus sp.2 (Frm 741), unlike the others, did not drain properly throughout the production process. However, all products showed excellent microbiological quality in relation to biological contaminants, such as Salmonella, staphylococci, and coliforms. Moreover, cheese Frm 425 was most appreciated by consumers for its sweet taste, yellow colour, pleasant smell, and low acidity (51.7°D). On the other hand, cheese Frm 439 was least appreciated by consumers owing to its bad odour, bitter taste, and high acidity (144.9°D). Taken together, the present work demonstrated that the isolated LAB could be used to produce soft cheese with a natural rind and unique sensory characteristics that are appreciated by Cameroonian consumers.
Impact of drying methods on physicochemical properties of Fritillaria hupehensis (Hubeibeimu) flours
Authors: Lu Qi , Xue Shujing , Yang De , Li Lu
Published: September 2023

Fritillaria hupehensis (Hubeibeimu) widely grows in the mid-western zones of China. In the present work, we investigated the physicochemical compositions, antioxidant abilities, and thermal properties of the bulbs of F. hupehensis dehydrated by heat-pump drying (HD), vacuum drying (VD), natural drying (ND), freeze drying (FD), and microwave drying (MD). Total contents of nucleosides and nucleobases in F. hupehensis flours ranged from 727.64 to 1,654.25 μg/g, and total free amino acids ranged from 88.03 to 128.21 mg/g. FD flour had high contents of total nucleosides and nucleobases, and free amino acids. MD flour had low contents of total starch, amylose, protein, nucleosides and nucleobases, and VB1 and VB2, and high levels of total phenolic content (TPC) and antioxidant abilities. Furthermore, MD flour facilitated gelatinisation, while FD flour displayed opposite trend. HD flour had high total starch content, while ND flour weakened the bitter taste due to the percentage of sweet and bitter taste of amino acids.
Histamine-regulated brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) catabolism by specific gut microbiota in mice
Authors: Luo Qiaoqiao , Shi Ruoyu , Liu Yutong , Huang Libo , Chen Wei , Wang Chengtao
Published: September 2023

Huangjiu usually causes excessive intoxication. Although the primary components, including β-benzyl ethanol, isopentanol, histamine, and phenethylamine are linked to intoxication, the underlying mechanism remains obscure. The present work thus analysed the effects of oral treatment of these components, particularly histamine, and discovered which of these components induced oxidative stress and inflammatory cytokine responses in mice serum and cerebrum. Lipopolysaccharide levels were elevated, and the gut microbiota was recomposed. Additionally, the catabolic pathway of the brain-derived neurotrophic factor was investigated. The correlation analysis revealed a possible correlation between gut microbiota changes and neurotransmitter imbalance. Based on the findings, histamine might alter the gut microbiota composition, affect the inflammatory LPS accumulation, and modulate the gut-brain axis, thus leading to an increase in oxidative stress, inflammatory response, and neurotransmitter imbalance in the brain. The present work provided a baseline for future research into the effects of Huangjiu, and enhanced our understanding of treating and preventing associated inflammatory diseases.
Effects of pectinase treatment on the quality of red dragon fruit (Hylocereus polyrhizus) juice
Authors: Dao Tan Phat , Nguyen Le Phuong Uyen , Le Dang Truong , Tran Thi Yen Nhi , Huynh Phong Xuan
Published: September 2023

The present work aimed to investigate the effect of pectinase supplementation on the quality of red-fleshed dragon fruit juice. Pectinase (400 ppm) was added at different concentrations (0, 1, 3, 5, 7, and 9%) and hydrolysis times (0, 15, 25, 35, and 45 min). The quality of fruit juice was monitored and evaluated by recovery efficiency, pectin content, betacyanin content, viscosity, and total phenolic content. Results showed that pectinase concentration of 5% and hydrolysis time for 25 min produced the highest hydrolysis efficiency (88.16 ± 0.05%), with low residual pectin content (0.49 ± 0.02 g), low viscosity (1.15 ± 0.06 cP), and high betacyanin content (20.06 ± 0.02 mg/100 mL) and total phenolic content (88.68 ± 0.46 mg/100 mL) in the recovered solution. These findings provided essential insights for beverage processing of dragon fruit juice.
Effects of partial replacement of nitrite with different fruit and vegetable powder on physicochemical and sensory aspects of fried beef meatballs
Authors: Liang Xinyue , Wu Yiheng , Wang Fanghua , Wang Yonghua
Published: September 2023

Fruit and vegetable powders can replace sodium nitrite in the meat-processing industry. However, basic information on the physicochemical and sensory aspects of fried beef meatballs is limited. In the present work, Chinese cabbage, celery, and cranberry powders were used to assess the effects of different addition levels and marinating times on the characteristics of fried beef meatballs. By combining 10 g/kg cranberry powder with 60 mg/kg NaNO2, the highest a* value (13.34) and the lowest cooking loss (28.05%) were obtained. Results from low-field NMR indicated that the relaxation time T2b in three fruit and vegetable powder-added groups was significantly lower than that of the control. T2b values and the pH both exhibited a decreasing trend as the amount of fruit and vegetable powder additions increased. Concerning different marinating times by using cranberry powder on the properties of fried beef meatballs, marinating for 12 h displayed the best effect. The present work provided a potential solution for nitrite substitution in fried beef meatballs.
Development of IMBs-qPCR method for detection of foodborne Salmonella
Authors: Sun Ruiqi , Cao Hongwei , Fu Yali , Tan Zheng , Liu Na , Li Huliang , Feng Zhehan , Chi Heng , Hua Deping , Huang Jinhai
Published: September 2023

Rapid and accurate detection of pathogenic microorganism is critical for food safety. Salmonella is one of the common causes of food poisoning. In the present work, polyclonal antibody against the recombinant PagN protein was prepared, and coupled with carboxylated magnetic beads to form immunomagnetic beads (IMBs) for capturing Salmonella, which was then combined with qPCR technology which used the specific primers of invA gene to accurately quantify the number of colonies, thus establishing the IMBs-qPCR method for detection of Salmonella. 0.2 mg IMBs could specifically concentrate Salmonella, with the stable capturing efficiency of 80%, corresponding to the concentrations of 102 - 105 CFU/mL. The minimum detection limit concentration was 101 CFU/mL. The method was applied for detection and enumeration of Salmonella in pork and milk samples, and the capture efficiency of 77.38 and 80.92% were obtained. In summary, the IMBs-qPCR method established herein could effectively detect Salmonella with good specificity and sensitivity. The whole detection time was less than 9 h, which laid a foundation for development of a rapid detection kit for foodborne pathogens.
Chitosan and salicylic acid as alternatives for the control of postharvest fungal diseases in blueberries (Vaccinium corymbosum)
Authors: Ramos-Bell Surelys , Hernandez-Montiel Luis Guillermo , Velázquez Estrada Rita , Moreno-Hernández Cristina , Gutierrez-Martinez Porfirio
Published: September 2023

Blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum) has characteristics that make it a highly coveted fruit by the population that seeks benefits for their health, thus giving it economic and social relevance. However, it is a very perishable fruit. In the present work, Botrytis sp., Penicillium sp., and Alternaria sp. were isolated from blueberry, and molecularly identified. The in vitro effect of chitosan (CHI) and salicylic acid (SA) on the growth of these phytopathogens was then evaluated, as well as the incidence of the disease after the application of these treatments on blueberry. CHI at 1.5% achieved an in vitro mycelial growth inhibition of Botrytis sp., Penicillium sp., and Alternaria sp. by 93, 84, and 40%, respectively. Furthermore, a complete germination inhibition of Penicillium sp. and Alternaria sp. was accomplished; Botrytis sp. spores were less sensitive to chitosan treatment. The germination percentage of the phytopathogens was reduced by 90% using SA at 5 mM. The in vivo application of CHI at 1.5% and SA at 5 mM decreased the percentage of incidence of phytopathogens in blueberries harvested after storage period at 25°C, as compared to the control. Based on these results, SA and CHI represent an alternative for the control of phytopathogens in blueberry to eliminate the use of synthetic fungicides.
Effect of Lactobacillus spp. strains on the microbiological, biochemical, and organoleptic properties of Moroccan goat’s cheese during ripening
Authors: El Galiou Ouiam , Azzouz Safae , Ahadaf Soumaya , Lamhamdi Mostafa , Zantar Said , Arakrak Abdelhay , Bakkali Mohammed , Laglaoui Amin
Published: September 2023

The aim of the present work was to investigate the effect of adding autochthonous lactic acid bacteria strains (LAB) to Moroccan goat’s milk cheese, focusing on its microbiological and biochemical evolution during the ripening process, as well as on the product’s sensorial properties. We prepared three types of cheese: (i) a control cheese (CNT) made by adding a starter culture composed of a strain of Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis var. diacetylactis and a strain of Lactobacillus lactis subsp. lactis; (ii) a cheese (“LP”) made with the same lactococcal starter culture, and adding a strain of Lactobacillus plantarum as an adjunct culture, and (iii) a cheese (“LPC”) made with the same lactococcal starter culture, and adding Lactobacillus paracasei as an adjunct culture. The counts of most bacterial groups decreased as the cheeses matured, except for lactic acid bacteria, which increased during ripening. Throughout the ripening period, LP cheese showed the highest values for total nitrogen, soluble nitrogen, and soluble nitrogen in 12% TCA. On the 60th day of ripening, the highest contents of diacetyl and acetoin were recorded in LPC cheese. A significant difference in FFA was observed among the LP, LPC, and CNT cheeses, thus indicating a change in lipolysis extension (C4:0-C18:3 FFA) that might be influenced by the starter employed. These suggested that both adjunct strains could produce high-quality Moroccan goat cheese. However, the addition of Lactobacillus paracasei culture had the particular advantage of improving aroma intensity and overall cheese quality. Moreover, the lipolysis process increased continually until the end of the ripening period, thereby confirming that the ripening phase is the main factor that affects these cheeses’ sensory properties. The cheeses made with adjunct cultures had the typical taste of Moroccan goat cheese, presented an acceptable flavour, and fulfilled the usual sensory requirements.
Physical properties and glycaemic response of tapioca noodles fortified with herb mixture
Authors: Nurdin Samsu Udayana , Arief Ratna Wylis , Rustiaty Banon , Asnawi Robet , Mar’atun Amalia M. , Arfiathi  , Koesoemawardani Dyah , Yuliana Neti , Hadi Sutopo
Published: September 2023

High noodle consumption is associated with an increased risk of generative diseases due to noodles' relatively high glycaemic response. Plants containing high phenolic compounds can reduce the glycaemic response of carbohydrate-rich foods. The present work thus aimed to evaluate the physical properties and glycaemic response of tapioca noodles fortified with a mixture of turmeric (T), cinnamon (C), and guava leaves (G) powder. The proportions of herbs (T: C: G) were 0.00: 0.00: 0.00 g (C1); 1.00: 0.50: 1.50 g (C2); 1.33: 0.67: 1.00 g (C3); 1.67: 0.83: 0.50 g (C4); and 2.00: 1.00: 0.00 g (C5). Herb mixtures increased the total phenolic and flavonoid contents of the noodles. Noodles with higher tensile strength (TS) were harder and less swollen because the water absorption capacity (WAC) was lower, but effect of the formulas on the oil absorption capacity (OAC) varied. Area under the curve (AUC) of blood sugar levels showed that C2 noodles had the smallest area (2,321 units) as compared to C1 (3,066 units) and C5 (3,241 units) noodles, but the difference was not statistically significant, thus indicating that the glycaemic responses of these noodles were similar to that of the original noodles when consumed by healthy volunteers.
Application of Ordinary Least Squares Regression and Neural Networks in Predicting Employee Turnover in the Industry
Authors: Marquez Bogart Yail , Realyvásquez-Vargas Arturo , Lopez-Esparza Nelson , Ramos Carlos E.
Published: September 2023

Employee turnover, also known as labor turnover or employee attrition, refers to the flow of employees entering and leaving an organization within a specific time. It is an indicator used to measure the number of employees who leave a company and are replaced by new hires. This project aims to create and implement an artificial intelligence model using the Python programming language and the TensorFlow library. The focus is developing a dashboard to facilitate the model training process and enable predictions related to employee turnover in the business context. The goal is to enhance predictive capabilities and provide valuable strategic and human resources talent management and decision-making insights. By harnessing the power of artificial intelligence, the project aims to identify patterns and factors that influence employee turnover. This, in turn, will enable the implementation of preventive measures and corrective actions to reduce turnover rates and maintain workforce stability in the company.
 
Received: 10 July 2023 | Revised: 8 August 2023 | Accepted: 11 September 2023
 
Conflicts of Interest
The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest to this work.
 
Data Availability Statement
Data sharing is not applicable to this article as no new data were created or analyzed in this study.
An Analytical Study of Merger of Syndicate Bank with Canara Bank
Authors: Jha Shiv Swaroop , . Premanand
Published: September 2023

Most companies employ mergers and acquisitions to improve and retain their market standing. The banking business in India is expanding fast now. The Indian banking sector has seen an increase in the number of mergers and acquisitions in the more recent years. This study throws some lights on the recent merger in Indian banking industries and analyses how the merger between Canara Bank and a syndicate bank affected the acquiring Bank's wealth, profitability, and overall performance after the merger was completed. Mergers and acquisitions have been a relatively recent trend in the Indian banking industry. It paves the way for banks to become industry leaders and provide exceptional returns to their investors.
Taxonomic notes on Davidioides martini Fraser, 1924 (Odonata: Gomphidae) and description of its female from Western Ghats, Peninsular India
Authors: Sadasivan Kalesh , Nair Vinayan P. , Pulikkal Subash , Janaki Sabari , Samuel Abraham
Published: September 2023

A note on the rare dragonfly Davidioides martini Fraser, 1924, is provided with an update of its distribution range, status, ecology, and the description of its so far unknown female. This species is endemic to the Western Ghats of Peninsular India and seems to be a rare one as is indicated by the paucity of published records, some of which are shown to be doubtful and in need of corroboration.
Should digital taxation be in sync with the OECD-G20 Two-Pillar Framework? An Analysis of the Equalization Levy in India and Its Aftermath.
Authors: Paul Arun , Ramalingam N
Published: September 2023

The flourishing growth of the digital economy in India has made  digital taxation an indispensable system in India’s revenue generation.  The study provides a detailed assessment of the OECD (Organization  for Economic Cooperation and Development)- G20(Group of 20)  group’s initiatives on digital economy taxation. Furthermore, there is  an in-depth analysis of the limitations of the Indian ‘Income Tax Act  1961’ and the subsequent adoption of the equalization levy. The effect  of equalization levies on tax treaties, rules, and the General Agreement  on Trade in Services (GATS) are examined in detail. The economic  impact of the equalization levy is also evaluated by analyzing the  digital trade restrictiveness index. Finally, an evaluation is carried out  on the OECD- G20 Two-Pillar framework on the background of the  problems of digital taxation. The study also examines the growth of the  equalization levy in India and assesses the USTR (United States Trade  Representative) report in light of the equalization levy.
A comparative study of Non-Colour Bank segment among leading paint brands in Asansol market
Authors: Singh Samrat , Siddhanta Somroop
Published: September 2023

The Indian paint industry is one of the fastest growing ones in the  country, maintaining double digit growth rates over the last few years,  primarily due to shift in consumption patterns of the decorative  paints. However, the Non-Colour Bank (NCB) segment consisting of  enamels, primers, thinners, are not showing similar growth patterns,  and is dominated by one firm. This study investigates the Availability,  On-time delivery, Incentive schemes, and Customer Service pattern  of Non-Colour Bank (NCB) products of Asian Paints Ltd., the market  leader, and Other Brands, primarily including Berger Paints Ltd. in  the Asansol Municipal Corporation area. The results will help Berger  Paints, the market follower, to be aware of its position in the market  while also assist other firms in finding out the lacunae regarding  various NCB products in Asansol area in order to compete and have a  strategic edge over other paint brands in the survey area.
Moderating effect of price on the relationship of economic animosity and ethnocentrism with purchase decision of retail consumers of Jharkhand
Authors: Shandilya Abhinav Kumar , Kumar Dilip
Published: September 2023

Multinational Companies (MNCs) are expanding their business to  maintain the growth rate. Many developing countries like India are  welcoming the MNCs to grab the benefits like foreign investment,  advanced technology, proper utilisation of natural resources,  employment etc., to name a few. MNCs like Nestle, CocaCola, Procter  and Gamble, Ranbaxy Laboratories, and Pepsico have spread their  business in India in food processing, beverage, consumer goods,  pharmaceuticals, and food and beverage. The products of these MNCs  are now challenged by Patanjali’s “Swadesi aur Sudh” products. This  study investigates the effects of economic animosity, ethnocentrism,  and price on consumers’ purchase decisions of the middle-aged  service class.
Supplementation of Oxyrase in Extender Preserves Physico-Morphological Characteristics of Crossbred Hampshire Boar Semen
Authors: Katiyar Rahul , Chakravarty Himsikha , Dewry Raju Kumar , Abedin Sayed Nabil , Singh Mahak , Rautela Rupali , Kadirvel Govindasamy , Deori Sourabh
Published: September 2023

The aim of present study was to investigate the effect of Oxyrase, an oxygen scavenger, on sperm functional attributes in extended liquid preserved boar semen. In the experiment, we studied the effect of Oxyrase supplementation on sperm progressive motility, viability, functional integrity of sperm plasma membrane and acrosome integrity in Hampshire crossbred boars. The sperm functional parameters were assessed at 0, 3 and 5 d of incubation following Oxyrase supplementation (0.125 IU/mL). The results of study revealed that Oxyrase supplementation significantly (p<0.05) improved the percentage of sperm functional parameters in comparison to non-treated group. It was concluded that Oxyrase at 0.125 IU per ml of extended liquid preserved semen has a beneficial effect on the sperm functional attributes in crossbred Hampshire boar.
Management of Dystocia through Subcutaneous Fetotomy in Holstein Friesian Cow: A Case Report
Authors: Yadav Vishal , Kumar Pramod , Dholpuria Sandeep , Sharma Pawan Kumar , K Pooja
Published: September 2023

A successful delivery of dead fetus with right lateral deviation of head and neck in Holstein Friesian cow and its management through subcutaneous fetotomy is reported. Post-operative care compromised of administration of antibiotics, anti-inflammatory, ecobolic drugs along with supportive therapy.
Management of Uterine Torsion and Incomplete Cervical Dilatation in A Cross Bred Cow
Authors: Bhat Ghulam Rasool , Nisa Masrat un , Yousuf Nahida , Singh Pawan preet , Parrah Jalaluddin
Published: September 2023

A cross-bred cow presented at a referral hospital of Veterinary Clinical Complex with symptoms of straining and colic associated with uterine torsion and its management with Sharma’s method of detorsion followed by medical intervention for cervical dilation is reported.
Dystocia due to hydrocephalus fetus in Murrah buffalo and its obstetrical management
Authors: Kumar Sandeep , Pandey Anand Kumar , K Pradeep , Saini Gitesh , Singh Gyan
Published: September 2023

A hydrocephalic calf was delivered per-vaginum after drainage of excessive cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) fluid by giving a stab incision at the cranium of the fetus in a Murrah buffalo. The dam recovered uneventfully.
Augmenting Fertility in Anestrus and Subestrus Cows with Hormonal Interventions and Their Effect on Blood Biochemical Profile
Authors: Kumar Rajesh , Butani Maganlal Gopalbhai , Kavani Fulabhai Shambhubhai , Dhami Arjan Jivrajbhai
Published: September 2023

A study was carried out on forty-four problem breeder cows to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of GnRH and PGF2α for estrus induction response, treatment to estrus induction interval and conception rate and its effect on biochemical profile. Thirteen true anestrus cows were treated with GnRH (Inj. Receptal, 2.5 ml, IM, once), twenty three subestrus cows were treated with PGF2α (PGF2α, Inj. Estrumate, 2 ml, IM, once) and eight animals kept as untreated anestrus control. The estrus induction response, treatment to estrus induction interval, overall conception rate and service per conception in GnRH treated, PGF2α treated and positive control cows were 84.62%, 28.27±6.46 days, 72.73%, 3.13; 91.30%, 3.52±0.46 days, 71.43%, 2.53 and 50%, 48.25±10.8 days, 50%, 3.5 respectively. The plasma P4 level was significantly lower in all three groups as compared to other two periodic values (d-0 & d-20-22 post AI) which were due to luteal demise. The mean serum total protein was significantly (p<0.05) lower in untreated anestrus (8.57±0.36 g/dl) as compared to GnRH (9.75±0.28 g/dl) and PGF2α (9.62±0.31 g/dl) treated cows. However, total cholesterol was numerically lowest in control cows than those of treated contemporaries but did not differ significantly (168.22±17.22; 208.46±14.71; 163.84±10.64 mg/dl; in GnRH, PGF2α and control group respectively, p<0.05). In conclusion, anestrus and subestrus cows can be well managed with GnRH and PGF2α therapy. The normal hormonal and biochemical milieu is essential for normal functioning of reproductive system.
Is Mitochondrial Uncoupler Dinitrophenol Effective in Counterbalancing the Dilution Effect in Buffalo Semen?
Authors: Arjun Venkateshappa , Kumar Pradeep , Dutt Ravi , Kumar Dharmendra , Kumar Amit , Bala Renu , Verma Nisha , Jerome Andonissamy , Virmani Meenakshi , Patil Chandrashekhar , Bhardwaj Shivani , Yadav Prem Singh
Published: September 2023

Semen ejaculates were collected from Murrah buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) bulls and were diluted with low density lipoprotein (LDL) based extender into 20 million sperm/0.25 mL and 2 million sperm/0.25 mL. Dinitrophenol (DNP) was added (@ 0, 1, 10 and 50 µM) to 20 million and 2 million sperm concentration cryopreserved. After thawing, the parameters studied were plasma membrane integrity by HOST, sperm motility and kinetics by CASA, the thermal resistance of sperm by incubation test, mitochondrial superoxide status by MitoSOX through flow cytometry, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) evaluation by JC-1 through flow cytometry. There was no significant (P>0.05) change in plasma membrane integrity, sperm motility and kinematics; thermal resistance of sperm, mitochondrial superoxide status and hMMP in comparison to control within the 2 and 20 million sperm doses. Two million sperm doses resulted in low plasma membrane integrity, low thermal resistance of sperm, high mitochondrial superoxide status and decreased high MeMP and no significant (P>0.05) change in sperm motility and kinematics, but reduced total motility, beat cross frequency and no change in progressive motility, straight linear velocity, average path velocity, curvilinear velocity, the amplitude of lateral head displacement, straightness, linearity, and wobble in comparison to 20 million sperm doses. Supplementation of DNP (0, 1, 10 and 50 μM) in extender failed to improve semen quality in both 2 and 20 million sperm doses in buffalo.
Effects of Linolenic Acid supplementation on Seminal Attributes of Labrador during in-vitro Storage at 4°C
Authors: Mavi Gurjot Kaur , Singh Ashwani Kumar
Published: September 2023

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the probable effects of the linolenic acid addition in different levels to the Tris based egg yolk plasma (T-EYP) extender in Labrador dog semen on spermatozoa quality during storage of semen at 4°C for 0, 24,48 and 72 hours. The collected semen from all dogs was mixed together and diluted with T-EYP. The diluted pooled semen was divided into 5 treatments (T). T1 was a control group without any linolenic acid addition. For T2 to T5 groups 0.5 ng/ml , 1.5 ng/ml, 2.5 ng/ml and 3.5 ng/ml linolenic acid were added respectively. Treatments were evaluated for sperm motility, sperm viability, morphological defect, acrosome integrity and membrane integrity after 0, 24, 48 and 72 hours of incubation at 4°C. The evaluations of spermatozoa immediately after semen collection, were revealed no significant differences among values of treatment groups, whereas after incubating the treatments for different spans of time, the sperm progressive motility and viability rates for groups supplemented with linolenic acid were significantly (P<0.05) higher than that of the control group. Motility, viability and acrosome integrity were higher in 2.5ng/ml linolenic acid concentration. According to the results of this study we conclude that, the most excellent level of linolenic acid for supplementation to the extended semen of dog in order to improve the sperm motility and viability plus to reduce the morphological defect rates of the spermatozoa up to 72 hours storage time at 4°C is 2.5 ng/ml.
Blood Plasma Minerals and Biochemical Profile of Anestrus and Endometritic Cows Reared in Tribal Areas of Himachal Pradesh, India
Authors: Sharma Ankita , Singh Madhumeet , Kumar Pravesh
Published: September 2023

Blood samples were collected from 227 infertile (Endometritis; n=123, Anoestrus; n=104) cows from five different tribal locations of Himachal Pradesh viz. Lahaul, Spiti, Kinnaur, Pangi and Bharmour. Significantly, lower levels of potassium were recorded in the Kinnaur district in both anestrus (3.33±0.09mmol/L) and endometritic (3.30±0.12mmol/L) cows as compared to other tribal areas. Significantly, higher levels of AST (p<0.01) were found in anestrus cows of Pangi (103.76±6.07 U/L) followed by Bharmour (93.34±14.43 U/L). The levels of cholesterol were significantly higher in anestrus cows of Lahaul (189.63±16.99 mg/dl) followed by Bharmour (184.54±19.57 mg/dl) and Pangi (162.03±13.83 mg/dl). The levels of creatinine were significantly higher (p<0.05) in anestrus cows of Spiti as compared to other tribal areas. The levels of ALT were significantly higher in anestrus cows of Spiti (37.22±2.01 U/L) followed by Pangi (34.44±3.19 U/L) and Lahaul (29.46±7.35 U/L). In the case of endometritic cows, values of ALT were significantly higher in Spiti (42.41±2.64 U/L) followed by Lahaul (23.37±4.9 U/L). The levels of total protein were found significantly higher in endometritic (8.34±0.31g/dl) cows of Lahaul as compared to other tribal areas.
Successful management of left side pre-cervical uterine torsion in a Gir cow
Authors: Kumar Brijesh , Rashid Muzamil , K Vandana , Kumar Naveen , Singh Mohar , Lokavya Athidi , Chandra Pradeep , Kumar Abhishek
Published: September 2023

An 8 years old Gir cow in third parity with a history of completed gestation period and unsuccessful attempts to correct the torsion was presented. Per-rectal examination revealed left-sided, pre-cervical uterine torsion of more than 180o. After the arrival of the case at the Referral Veterinary Polyclinic (RVP), IVRI, Izatnagar, the case was stabilized through fluid therapy and other supportive treatment, and an attempt was made to correct the torsion through Sharma’s Modified Schaffer’s method but, it remained unsuccessful. So, cesarean section was performed and a dead emphysematous fetus was extracted and after suturing of uterus, detorsion was done within abdominal cavity.
Per Vaginal Delivery of Foal through Fetotomy in a Mare with Fractured Pelvis
Authors: K Sahil , Kumar Brijesh , Patel Lalit , Kohl Kalpendra , Chandra Pradeep , K Hitesh , Yadav Raman , K Vandana , Sahu Tarun Kumar
Published: September 2023

Dystocia in the mare is a very challenging situation because of long extremities of fetus, strong contraction by dam creating problems in correction of maldispositions. Careful handling of dystocia and efficient post-obstetrical management is key to the survival of the mare and foal and subsequent fertility of the dam. The current report describes a rare case of dystocia that involved both fetal and maternal causes. The maternal cause was the obstruction of the birth canal by a callus along with acute deviation of head and neck to the left side and bilateral knee flexion at the level of the pelvic brim which was efficiently treated by percutaneous fetotomy and mutations.
Management of dystocia due to multiple mal-dispositions in a Marwari mare
Authors: Kumar Amit , Mahal Jugraj Singh , Bisla Amarjeet , Honparkhe Mrigank
Published: September 2023

A Marwari mare with history of dystocia since last twelve hours was presented to the gynecology section of teaching veterinary clinics of GADVASU. Per vaginal examination revealed multiple fetal mal-dispositions as the cause of dystocia. After lubrication of birth canal, fetal position was corrected by mutation and the dead fetus was delivered using forced traction. Post-operative treatment was given to the mare. There was an uneventful recovery of the mare.
Estimation of Blood Biochemical Constituents and Cortisol as Stress Predictors and Prognostic Biomarkers in Buffaloes Affected With Uterine Torsion
Authors: Selvaraju Mani , Karthick Chinnappa , Prakash Subramaniyan , Periyannan Mani , kumar Ravichandran Ruthra
Published: September 2023

Full term pregnant buffaloes (n=24) affected with uterine torsion were equally divided into four experimental groups based on duration of uterine duration viz 6-12 hours (Group I); 12-24 hours (Group II); 24-48 hours (Group III) and more than 48 hours (Group IV). The control (Group V) consisted of six normal full term pregnant buffaloes. The experimental buffaloes were treated by modified Schaffer’s method. Those buffaloes, in which detorsion failed following modified Schaffer’s method, were treated by caesarean section. As the duration of uterine torsion increased, there was a corresponding increase in blood glucose levels from Group I to Group IV. There was a definite reduction in serum total protein and albumin concentrations in buffaloes affected with uterine torsion. As the duration of uterine torsion increased, a concomitant increase in blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and greater increase in serum creatinine levels were noticed. The mean creatine phosphokinase (CPK) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) levels ranged from 152.71±39.09 to 445.30±44.57 and from 80.84±2.19 to 110.83±2.67 U/L, respectively. The successful detorsion in treatment groups caused drastic reduction in serum CPK and AST values at 24 hours after detorsion and 30 days after fetal delivery. The mean serum cortisol level ranged from 44.02±3.30 to 79.39±1.78 ng/ml in buffaloes affected with uterine torsion and it was 12.17±0.54 ng/ml at 24 hours before calving in normally calved buffaloes. Prior to detorsion in all the treatment groups, tremendous increase in mean serum cortisol levels was observed. It can be concluded that serum biochemical parameters and cortisol concentration may help to predict the prognosis of uterine torsion in buffaloes.
Surgical Reconstruction of Perineal Laceration in a Crossbred Jersey Cow
Authors: Selvaraju Mani , kumar Ravichandran Ruthra , Sathriyan Gunasekaran , Napolean Rayappan Ezakial
Published: September 2023

A 6-year-old Jersey × Holstein Friesian cow was presented with history of vulval tear due to improper handling of dystocia by the owner. The foetal membranes were hanging from the vaginal canal through vulval tear. Clinical examination revealed all physiological parameters were within the normal range. Obstetrical examination revealed extensive tear from the caudal vagina up to vulva and the fetal membranes were hanging from both vulval passage and through tear in the vulva. The reconstructive surgery was performed under epidural anaesthesia. Post-operatively the animal was treated with Inj. Calcium borogluconate 450 ml i.v. besides Inj. Ceftriaxone at 20mg/kg i.v., Inj. Flunixin meglumine at 2.2mg/kg i.m., and Inj. Chlorpheniramine maleate at 0.5mg/kg i.m. for three days. The skin sutures were removed on 10th post operative day. The animal recovered uneventfully.
Efficacy of PGF2α, Calcium, Phosphorus, Oxytetracycline and Meloxicam on Fetal Membrane Retention and Postpartum Ovarian Activity in Buffaloes
Authors: Indurkar Sandeep , Tiwari Rajendra Prasad , Mishra Girish Kumar , Dubey Meenu
Published: September 2023

Present study was conducted on buffaloes (n=24) which were classified into two groups. In group I, 12 buffaloes after normal calving were randomly classified in treatment (n=6) and control (n=6) sub groups. Whereas in group II, 12 buffaloes after normal calving having RFM/ROP 12 hours after calving were randomly classified in treatment (n=6) and control (n=6) sub groups. In group I and II , the buffaloes in treatment group were administered Dinoprost (25 mg); Meloxicam @0.5 mg/kg body wt., Oxytetracycline @5 mg/kg body wt. i/m and calcium i/v immediately after and after 12 hours of calving, respectively. However, the buffaloes in control group were not given any treatment.There was lower incidence of RFM (16.66% vs 50.00%; P<0.05); early expulsion of fetal membranes (4.05±0.31 vs 4.66±0.99h; P>0.05), early disappearance of fetid discharge (1.83±0.10 vs 2.66±0.33 days; P>0.05), early disappearance of muco-purulent discharge (3.25±0.65 vs 4.66±0.61 days; P>0.05), early uterine involution (32.83±4.43 vs 36.00±6.91 days, P<0.05) and early resumption of ovarian activity (100.16±3.19 vs 109.83±6.34 days; P<0.05) in treatment than control group in the buffaloes of Group I. There was low incidence of RFM in treatment and control groups (00.00% vs 16.66%), early expulsion of fetal membrane (5.33±0.38 vs 8.3±0.86 h; P <0.05), early disappearance of fetid discharge (5.13±0.54 vs 7.16±0.95 days; P>0.05), early disappearance of muco-purulent discharge (5.00±0.52 vs 8.00±0.74 days; P<0.05), early uterine involution (34.00±0.62 vs 44.5±1.57 days; P <0.01) and early resumption of ovarian activity (103.66±2.09 vs 125.33±5.64 days, P<0.01) in treatment than control in the buffaloes of Group II with RFM 12 hours after calving. It could be concluded that immediate treatment regimen after calving reduces the incidence of retention of fetal membrane in buffaloes.
Microbial Prevalence and Antimicrobial Sensitivity in Dairy Animals Suffering From Purulent Vaginal Discharge
Authors: Singh Gyan , Yadav Ritu , Kumar Sandeep , K Hitesh , Pandey Anand Kumar
Published: September 2023

Uterine infection can be diagnosed by taking a swab from fornix vagina or directly from cervix and can be used for cytology and microbiological evaluation. In this study, vaginal swabs for culture and sensitivity test were obtained from 20 buffaloes and two cows which were shedding purulent pus discharge from their reproductive tract. The most isolated microorganism was Escherichia coli which were detected in 17 animals, followed by Staphylococcus spp. and Streptococcus spp. which was detected in 15 and 14 animals, respectively. Klebsiella spp and Baccilus spp. were diagnosed in two animals whereas; Psuedomonas spp. and Candida spp. were also diagnosed in one animal. Regarding sensitivity tests, the most efficient antibiotics were Gentamicin 54.5% (12/22) followed by Ciprofloxacin 50% (11/22), Enrofloxacin 45% (10/22), Neomycin 45% (10/22), Amikacin 45% (10/22), Cefoperazone 36% (8/22), Levofloxacin 31% (7/22), Norfloxacin 27% (6/22), Chloramphenicol 27% (6/22) and Cephalexin 22.7% (5/22). Likewise, the most resistant antibiotics in descending order were Streptomycin 95.4% (21/22), Penicillin and Cloxacillin 90.9% (20/22), Amoxicilin, Moxifloxacin and Ampicillin 86% (19/22), Oxytetracycline and Ceftriaxone 81.8% (18/22), Cephalexin 72.7% (16/22), Levofloxacillin 68% (15/22), Carbenicillin, Chloramphenicol, Kanamycin and Cefoperazone 63.6% (14/22), Tobramycin, Neomycin and Enrofloxacin 54.5% (12/22), Amikacin and Ciprofloxacin 50% (11/22), Cephotaxime 45.5 (10/22), Norfloxacin and Gentamycin 40.9% (9/22), Clindamycin and Septran 22.7% (5/22), Amoxiclav and Erythromycin 18 % (4/22). The present study concluded that the most prevalent microorganisms isolated from uterine discharge, were found to be resistant to beta-lactam antimicrobials as well, the study highlighted the significance of performing microbiological analyses as well as sensitivity tests prior to applying an antimicrobial therapy.
Doppler Sonography of Umbilical Artery throughout Pregnancy in Sheep
Authors: Kumar Sandeep , Chandolia Ramesh Kumar , Pandey Anand Kumar , K Pradeep , K Hitesh , Singh Gyan , Saini Gitesh
Published: September 2023

The Color Doppler study on 6 pregnant ewes was conducted twice a week from Days 20 to 60 post-mating, then at weekly intervals till the end of experiment by the transrectal and transabdominal ultrasonography. In order to evaluate the waveforms and velocity blood flow patterns, peak systolic velocity (PSV), end diastolic velocity (EDV), pulsatility index (PI) and resistive index (RI), were measured. Data were nalysed by employing SPSS 21. The PSV and EDV increased from 38 to 139 days of gestation. The PI and RI of blood flow showed a non-significant decrease throughout gestation.
Parity and season of calving influences the resumption of ovarian cyclicity in post-partum Murrah buffaloes
Authors: Choudhary Kamlesh Kumar , Bharadwaj Anurag , Sharma Rakesh Kumar , Andonissamy Jerome , Khanna Sudhir , Kumar Rajesh
Published: September 2023

This study was designed to deduce the effect of parity and calving season on the resumption of ovarian cyclicity in post-partum Murrah buffaloes. For this study, 102 Murrah buffaloes (primparous: 21; pluriparous: 81) calved between August 2015 and February 2016 were examined by transrectal ultrasonography. The first group of buffaloes between 26-days post-partum were taken and thereafter animals calved every next 10 days were grouped and added. Animals thus progressed and adjudged in 26-35, 36-45, 46-55, 56-65, 66-75, 76-85 and 86-95 days post-partum with an average of 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80 and 90 days post-partum, respectively. The day of second examination at 10 days interval of first group of animals also had first examination of second group and the same was followed for all study groups till cyclicity was confirmed in all study animals. In this investigation, 40.20, 65.69 and 81.37 % buffaloes resumed cyclicity within 30, 60 and 90 days post-partum, respectively. Significant (P < 0.0001) difference in resumption of cyclicity between primiparous and pluriparous buffaloes was observed. Onset of cyclicity in pluriparous buffaloes (37.24 ± 1.83 days post-partum) differed significantly (P = 0.0001) than primiparous (59.61 ± 6.10 days post-partum). Also, the onset of cyclicity was evident (P < 0.0001) during pre-breeding (n = 60) and resumption of ovarian cyclicity showed a significant trend (P < 0.0001) in relation to days post-partum. In summary, resumption of ovarian cyclicity differs significantly with parity and season of calving in post-partum Murrah buffaloes.
Dystocia in Goat Due to Dropsy of Fetus Born Co-Twin with Live Fetus
Authors: Koli Anujkumar Bramhadev , Patil Anil Dinkarrao , Ramteke Snehal Shalik , Naktar Sonali Baburao
Published: September 2023

A non- descript goat of 6 years’ age was presented to TVCC, COVAS, Udgir with the history of dystocia. The case was already handled by local non – technical person. The goat was examined for fetal position and presentation. A live male fetus was removed with gentle traction and another fetus with ascites was removed with obstetrical manipulation and partial fetotomy. A successful management of dystocia in non – descript goat due to dropsy of the fetus born co-twin along with normal fetus is achieved after three days treatment.
Management of Dystocia Due to Ventrotransverse Presentation of Fetus in a Mare
Authors: Pargi Kalpesh Kumar , Jhamb Dinesh , Meena Madhu , Gaur Mitesh , Kumar Naveen
Published: September 2023

A case of dystocia in mare due to ventrotransverse presentation with lateral deviation of head of fetus was relieved successfully by version and forced traction under epidural anaesthesia.
Successful management of a case of dystocia due to breech presentation in non-descript cattle: A case study
Authors: Sasidharan Jisna Kuttiyeri , Gupta Shashikant , Dangi Pradeep , Chandra Pradeep , Jackson Amala , Jasrotia Nancy , Kumar Brijesh , Ghosh Subrata Kumar
Published: September 2023

A case of fetal dystocia due to breech presentation in non-descript cattle was presented to the outpatient department of veterinary gynaecology and obstetrics, Teaching Veterinary Clinical Complex-Referral Veterinary Polyclinic (TVCC-RVP), IVRI with anamnesis of the animal completed gestation and water bag ruptured normally without making any progress toward calving. Per-vaginal examination of the cow revealed fetal tail in birth canal and bilateral hip flexion (breech presentation).The dystocia relieved by obstetrical mutations. The cow was administrated with parenteral antibiotics, anti-inflammatory drugs, multivitamin supplements, along with ecobolics.
Successful Management of Dystocia due to Fetal Anasarca in Osmanabadi Goat.
Authors: Koli Anujkumar , Patil Anil , Ramteke Snehal , Naktar Sonali , Pitlawar Sanjeev
Published: September 2023

A three year old Osmanabadi goat was reported to the Veterinary Clinical Complex, Udgir with the history of difficulty in parturition. The case was handled by local quack. On per vaginal examination revealed the anasarcous monster which is removed with obstetrical manoeuver and the dam was treated with antibiotic, analgesics and fluid therapy. An uneventful recovery was seen after the treatment.
Haemato-biochemical evaluation of chemotherapy in canine transmissible venereal tumour
Authors: Nazer Aja Taj , Becha B Bibin , Jayakumar C , Unnikrishnan M P , Devi Suma-Thankachy Sreekantan-Thampi
Published: September 2023

The study was aimed at haematological and biochemical evaluation of chemotherapeutic response in canine transmissible venereal tumour (CTVT). Thirty-one CTVT confirmed dogs presented to University Veterinary Hospitals were categorised into three groups. The group I (n=13) dogs were treated with vincristine sulphate, while group II (n=9) and III (n=9) dogs were treated with vincristine along with ivermectin and cyclophosphamide respectively. Haemato-biochemical evaluations were performed on the day of presentation and at weekly intervals till complete tumour regression. The haemato-biochemical parameters like TEC, Hb, VPRC, TP, BUN, creatinine, albumin, globulin and ALT were within normal range. Significant differenceswere observed in DLC, TC, MCV, AST, ALP and bilirubin levels (p<0.05) during treatment. Various blood dyscrasias like leucocytosis was observed in group I and group II, and thrombocytopenia in group III. Highly elevated AST, ALP and bilirubin were observed in all three groups. But combination therapy with ivermectin was more efficient with fewer adverse effects and decreased treatment duration.