bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Glucose Variability
Authors: Service F. John
Published: April 2013

The proposed contribution of glucose variability to the development of the complications of diabetes beyond that of glycemic exposure is supported by reports that oxidative stress, the putative mediator of such complications, is greater for intermittent as opposed to sustained hyperglycemia. Variability of glycemia in ambulatory conditions defined as the deviation from steady state is a phenomenon of normal physiology. Comprehensive recording of glycemia is required for the generation of any measurement of glucose variability. To avoid distortion of variability to that of glycemic exposure, its calculation should be devoid of a time component.
Glucose Variability: Where It Is Important and How to Measure It
Authors: DeVries J. Hans
Published: April 2013

Glucose variability predicts hypoglycemia in both type 1 and type 2 diabetes and has consistently been related to mortality in nondiabetic patients in the intensive care unit. SD and mean amplitude of glycemic excursions have historically been very popular measures of glucose variability. For reasons outlined in this counterpoint, I propose to use coefficient of variation and the mean absolute glucose change as preferred measures of glucose variability.
Blood 25-Hydroxy Vitamin D Levels and Incident Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Song Yiqing , Wang Lu , Pittas Anastassios G. , Del Gobbo Liana C. , Zhang Cuilin , Manson JoAnn E. , Hu Frank B.
Published: April 2013

OBJECTIVE

To quantitatively assess the strength and shape of the association between blood 25-hydroxy vitamin D [25(OH)D] levels and incident risk of type 2 diabetes.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

A systematic search of the MEDLINE and Embase databases and a hand search of references from original reports were conducted up to 31 October 2012. Prospective observational studies that assessed the association between blood levels of 25(OH)D and risk of incident type 2 diabetes were included for meta-analysis. DerSimonian and Laird’s random-effects model was used. A quadratic spline regression analysis was used to examine the shape of the association with a generalized least-squares trend test performed for the dose-response relation.

RESULTS

A total of 21 prospective studies involving 76,220 participants and 4,996 incident type 2 diabetes cases were included for meta-analysis. Comparing the highest to the lowest category of 25(OH)D levels, the summary relative risk for type 2 diabetes was 0.62 (95% CI 0.54–0.70). A spline regression model showed that higher 25(OH)D levels were monotonically associated with a lower diabetes risk. This inverse association did not differ by sex, duration of follow-up, study sample size, diabetes diagnostic criteria, or 25(OH)D assay method. A linear trend analysis showed that each 10 nmol/L increment in 25(OH)D levels was associated with a 4% lower risk of type 2 diabetes (95% CI 3–6; P for linear trend < 0.0001).

CONCLUSIONS

Our meta-analysis showed an inverse and significant association between circulating 25(OH)D levels and risk of type 2 diabetes across a broad range of blood 25(OH)D levels in diverse populations.
Can New-Onset Diabetes After Kidney Transplant Be Prevented?
Authors: Chakkera Harini A. , Weil E. Jennifer , Pham Phuong-Thu , Pomeroy Jeremy , Knowler William C.
Published: April 2013

Because the negative consequences of new-onset diabetes mellitus after transplantation (NODAT) diminish the significant gains of kidney transplantation, it is imperative to develop clinical interventions to reduce the incidence of NODAT. In this review, we discuss whether intensive lifestyle interventions that delay or prevent type 2 diabetes mellitus may decrease the incidence of NODAT. We examine the literature pertaining to incidence and timing of onset of NODAT, as well as the risk factors and pathophysiology that NODAT shares with type 2 diabetes mellitus, namely pathways related to increased insulin resistance and decreased insulin secretion. Our central hypothesis is that NODAT results from the same metabolic risk factors that underlie type 2 diabetes mellitus. These risk factors are altered and enhanced by transplantation, “tipping” some transplant recipients with seemingly normal glucose homeostasis before transplant toward the development of NODAT. We describe the diabetogenic properties of transplant immunosuppressive drugs. We describe novel methods of prevention that are being explored, including resting the pancreatic β-cells by administration of basal insulin during the period immediately after transplant. On the basis of the current evidence, we propose that intensive lifestyle modification, adapted for individuals with chronic kidney disease or end-stage renal disease, as well as resting pancreatic β-cells during the immediate postoperative period, may lower the incidence of NODAT.
Orphanet – Information, Education and Expert Centres for Rare Diseases / Orphanet – informovanosť, vzdelávanie a špecializované centrá starostlivosti o pacientov so ZCH
Authors: Kovács L. , Hegyi E. , Nagyová G.
Published: April 2013

The paper briefly describes the role of Orphanet as an informational and educational source for rare diseases. Most attention is given to the Centres of Expertise and European Reference Networks. The authors suggest an easy procedure how to get the basic data about the readiness of the clinics to be recognised for Centres of Expertise at the national level. EUCERD recommendations on quality criteria for centres of expertise are introduced. The coordinators of the potential Centres of Expertise should be contacted and asked to fill in the questionnaire designed to check whether the centre matches the EUCERD recommendations or not. In order for the process to be transparent, the selection criteria of expert resources are listed on national website (www.orphanet.sk).

The analysis of the questionnaires has to be carried out at the national level, to map the basic data about the current status. One questionnaire per department or clinic shall be filled in order to allow the evaluation. Clinics will be divided in two groups the ones which achieved the threshold and could be recognised as Centres of Expertise at the National level and the ones which need to be further monitored to reach the threshold.
Internal Wave Diffraction by a Strip of an Elastic Plate on the Surface of a Stratified Fluid
Authors: Dolai P. , Dolai D.P.
Published: April 2013

The problem of internal wave diffraction by a strip of an elastic plate of finite width present on the surface of an exponentially stratified liquid is investigated in this paper. Assuming linear theory, the problem is formulated in terms of a function related to the stream function describing the motion in the liquid. The related boundary value problem involves a hyperbolic type partial differential equation (PDE), known as the Klein Gordon equation. The method of Wiener-Hopf is utilized in the mathematical analysis to a slightly generalized boundary value problem (BVP) by introducing a small parameter, and the problem is solved approximately for large width of the plate. In the final results, this small parameter is made to tend to zero. The diffracted field is obtained in terms of integrals, which are then evaluated asymptotically in different regions for a large distance from the edges of the plate and the results are interpreted physically.
Numerical Investigation of Channel Geometry on the Performance of a Pem Fuel Cell
Authors: Khazaee I. , Mohammadiun M.
Published: April 2013

A complete three-dimensional and single phase model for proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cells was used to investigate the effect of using different channels geometry on the performances, current density and gas concentration. The proposed model was a full cell model, which includes all the parts of the PEM fuel cell, flow channels, gas diffusion electrodes, catalyst layers and the membrane. Coupled transport and electrochemical kinetics equations were solved in a single domain; therefore no interfacial boundary condition was required at the internal boundaries between cell components. This computational fluid dynamics code was employed as the direct problem solver, which was used to simulate the three-dimensional mass, momentum, energy and species transport phenomena as well as the electron- and proton-transfer process taking place in a PEMFC. The results showed that the predicted polarization curves by using this model were in good agreement with the experimental results and a high performance was observed by using circle geometry for the channels of anode and cathode sides. Also, the results showed that the performance of the fuel cell improved when a rectangular channel was used.
New Double Current Controlled CFA (DCC–CFA) Based Voltage–Mode Oscillator with Independent Electronic Control of Oscillation Condition and Frequency
Authors: Šotner Roman , Herencsár Norbert , Jeřábek Jan , Dvořák Radek , Kartci Aslihan , Dostál Tomáš , Vrba Kamil
Published: April 2013

In this paper, a new electronically tunable quadrature oscillator (ETQO) based on two modified versions of current feedback amplifiers (CFAs), the so called double current controlled CFA (DCC-CFAs) is presented. The frequency of oscillation (FO) of the proposed voltage-mode (VM) ETQO is electronically adjustable by current gain or by varying the intrinsic resistance of the X terminal of the active element used. The condition of oscillation (CO) is adjustable by current gain independently with respect to frequency of oscillation. Simultaneous control of current gain and intrinsic resistance allows linear control of FO and provides extension of frequency tuning range. In the proposed circuit all the capacitors are grounded. The use of only grounded capacitors makes the proposed circuit ideal for integrated circuit implementation. The presented active element realized by using BiCMOS technology and the behavior of proposed circuit are discussed in details. The theoretical results are verified by SPICE simulations based on CMOS ON-Semi C5 0.5 μm and bipolar ultra high frequency transistor arrays Intersil HFA 3096 process parameters.
Analytical Evaluation of the Novel Helena V8 Capillary Electrophoresis System
Authors: Lippi Giuseppe , Battistelli Luisita , Vernocchi Arialdo , Mussap Michele
Published: April 2013

Background: Capillary electrophoresis (CE) is used for the screening of protein abnormalities in serum and other biological fluids. Since the Helena V8 CE system has been recently commercialized, the aim of this study was to assess its analytical performance under routine laboratory conditions.

Methods: The evaluation of Helena V8 (Medical Systems S.p.A., Genova, Italy) for protein fractions (i.e., albumin, alpha-1, alpha-2, beta-1, beta-2, gamma, albumin/globulin ratio [A/G]) and monoclonal component (MC) quantification included imprecision studies, linearity, and comparison with Sebia Capillarys (Sebia, Evry Cedex, France), which was considered the reference analyzer.

Results: The imprecision of Helena V8 on all parameters was comprised between 0.8% and 15.2%; the linearity was excellent up to an MC value of 14.5% (r=1.00). The comparison studies showed excellent Spearman’s correlations with Sebia Capillarys, with coefficients comprised between 0.84 and 0.99 (all p<0.001). The mean bias of Helena V8 versus Sebia Capillarys was -0.02% for G/A, -0.2% for albumin, 2.1% for alpha-1, 0.1% for alpha-2, 0.3% for beta-1, -0.2% for beta-2, -2.2% for gamma and 1 g/L for MC.

Conclusions: The results of this evaluation attest that Helena V8 is a suitable alternative for routine separation and quantification of protein fractions and monoclonal component.
Heat Transfer And Inverse Problems; Selected Cases In 1D And 3D Geometries / Transport Ciepła I Zagadnienia Odwrotne; Wybrane Przykłady W Geometrii Jedno- I Trójwymiarowej
Authors: Szyszkiewicz K. , Dziembaj P. , Filipek R.
Published: April 2013

Heat transport phenomena in the framework of continuum media mechanics is presented. Equations for conservation laws and finite volume numerical method based on these equations are discussed. This method is the foundation of the FLUENT computational fluid dynamics (CFD) package which was used for calculations of the temperature distribution in several examples: steady and evolutional states for single and multiphase systems. Comparison with analytical solutions was carried out. This allows verification of the FLUENT results for various boundary conditions. Independent procedure based on the method of lines was applied for 1D cases and compared with FLUENT and/or analytical results. Formulation of a special type inverse problem for heat equation was given. Analytical solution of the steady-state inverse problem in 1D geometry was developed. Analogues case for 3D geometry was tested using FLUENT. This led to the optimization problem with clear and well defined optimum. This result suggests that in similar but more general inverse problems global optimum may exist which justifies the inverse problem methodology.
Effect of Different Heat Treatments on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of the Martensitic Gx12CrMoVNbN9-1 Cast Steel / Wpływ Parametrów Obróbki Cieplnej Na Mikrostrukture I Własciwosci Mechaniczne Martenzytycznego Staliwa Gx12CrMoVNbn9-1
Authors: Golanski G. , Słania J.
Published: April 2013

The paper presents a research on the influence of multistage heat treatment with the assumed parameters of temperature and time on the microstructure and mechanical properties of high-chromium martensitic GX12CrMoVNbN9-1 (GP91) cast steel. In the as-cast state GP91 cast steel was characterized by a microstructure of lath martensite with numerous precipitations of carbides of the M23C6, M3C and NbC type, with its properties higher than the required minimum. Hardening of the examined cast steel contributes to obtaining a microstructure of partly auto-tempered martensite of very high strength properties and impact strength KV on the level of 9-15 J. Quenching and tempering with subsequent stress relief annealing of GP91 cast steel contributed to obtaining the microstructure of high-tempered lath martensite with numerous precipitations of the M23C6 and MX type of diverse size. The microstructure of GP91 cast steel received after heat treatment was characterized by strength properties (yield strength, tensile strength) higher than the required minimum and a very high impact energy KV. It has been proved that GP91 cast steel subject to heat treatment No. 2 as a result of two-time heating above the Ac3 temperature is characterized by the highest impact energy.
Influence of Casting Mold Slag on the Progress of Casting Process / Wpływ Własnosci Zuzla Krystalizatorowego Na Przebieg Procesu Odlewania
Authors: Kalisz D.
Published: April 2013

This paper analysis one of the basic properties of liquid slag which is viscosity. The slag in the mold fills there is between the wall and the ingot mold, where it occurs in the form of a thin layer of solidified and molten slag. The main function is to lubricate the walls of the crystallizer and control of the heat transport from the solidifying steel. The research work carried out by concentric cylinder viscosity for five samples of slag for use in industrial environments. The study was conducted for the temperature range 1200-1550°C. Then the experimental results were compared with model calculations. The differences between the experimental results and the model calculations are related to the construction of the slag and the assumptions. Measurements under laboratory conditions on the two-phase system: a liquid solution of the dispersed phase ion steel - carbon, whereas the calculation model are the liquid-phase, and therefore the viscosity calculated values are lower than the values measured.
The Effect of Modification with Rare Earth Elements on ZnAl22Cu3 Alloy Structure And Mechanical Properties / Wpływ Modyfikacji Pierwiastkami Ziem Rzadkich Na Strukture I Własciwosci Mechaniczne Stopu ZnAl22Cu3
Authors: Michalik R.
Published: April 2013

The influence of modification with rare earth elements (RE) on the structure and mechanical properties of alloy ZnAl22Cu3 is presented in the paper. ZnAl22Cu3, ZnAl22Cu3SiM and ZnAl22Cu3Si (modified alloy) alloys were tested. ZnAl22Cu3Si and ZnAl22Cu3 alloys were characterized with heterogeneous, fine-grained, dendritic structure. The structure of the alloy ZnAl22Cu3SiM was much more homogeneous. It was found that the addition of silicon reduces the tensile strength. Addition of rare earth elements to the alloy with silicon resulted in the re-growth of melt strength of alloy. It was also found that the modification performed by using of rare earth elements increases the hardness of the alloy.
On the Failure Mode of Resistance Spot Welded Hsla 420 Steel / Tryb Uszkodzenia Zgrzewanych Spoin Stali Hsla 420
Authors: Pouranvari M.
Published: April 2013

Failure mode of resistance spot welds (interfacial vs. pullout) is a qualitative measure of resistance spot weld performance. Considering adverse effect of interfacial failure mode on the vehicle crashworthiness, process parameters should be adjusted so that the pullout failure mode is guaranteed ensuring reliability of spot welds during vehicle lifetime. In this paper, metallurgical and mechanical properties of HSLA 420 resistance spot welds are studied with particular attention to the failure mode. Results showed that the conventional weld size recommendation of 4t0:5 (t is sheet thickness) is not sufficient to guarantee pullout failure mode for HSLA steel spot welds during the tensile-shear test. Considering the failure mechanism of spot welds during the tensileshear test, minimum required fusion zone size to ensure the pullout failure mode was estimated using an analytical model. Fusion zone size proved to be the most important controlling factor for peak load and energy absorption of HSLA 420 resistance spot weld.
The Effect of Reciprocating Extrusion (Cec) on the Consolidated Silver Powders Microstructure / Wpływ Dwustronnego Wyciskania (Cws) Na Mikrostrukture Konsolidowanych Proszków Srebra
Authors: Richert M.W. , Richert J. , Hotlos A. , Mroczkowski M. , Tokarski T.
Published: April 2013

The microstructure and properties investigations silver powders consolidated by cyclic extrusion compression (CEC) were performed. The AgSnBi and AgNi powders using for electrical contacts were investigated. The observation by using optical microscopy (MO) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were apply. The strong diminishing of microstructure inside the consolidated granules were found. This phenomenon cause microhardness increase, restricted by material porosity.
High Temperature Brittleness of Cast Alloys / Kruchosc Wysokotemperaturowa Stopów Odlewniczych
Authors: Telejko I. , Adrian H. , Guzik B.
Published: April 2013

Over-all mechanical properties of alloys are extremely low at the last stage of solidification where alloy exists at brittle temperature range (BTR). When the solidification process is completed a sudden and marked change in strength and ductility of metal is observed. It means that as long as liquid phase is present, metal will fail in a brittle manner. There are known different theories of brittleness of alloys in existence of liquid phase. The idea involved by authors of the paper is as follows: three major factors caused by presence of liquid may be taken into account:

- decreasing the energy needed for crack nucleation,

- increasing atomic diffusional flux out of the crack tip,

- creating a path for abnormally quick diffusion of atoms from the crack tip.
Effects of Pressure on the Kinetics of Manganese Evaporation from the Ot4 Alloy / Wpływ Cisnienia Na Kinetyke Procesu Odparowania Manganu Ze Stopu Ot4
Authors: Blacha L. , Burdzik R. , Smalcerz A. , Matuła T.
Published: April 2013

In the paper, results of the study on manganese evaporation from the OT4 alloy are presented. In the experiments, the effects of pressure on the manganese evaporation kinetics and the stages that limit the evaporation rate were investigated. It was demonstrated that the rate of manganese evaporation from the alloy increased with pressure reduction in the system. When the pressure decreases from 1000 Pa to 10 Pa, the value of overall mass transfer kMn increases from 3.9*10-6 ms-1 to 208.4*10-6 ms-1. At the same time, the manganese fraction in the alloy decreased from 1.49% mass to 0.045% mass. Within the whole pressure range, the analysed evaporation process is diffusion-controlled. For pressures above 50 Pa, the determining stage is transfer in the gaseous phase, while for pressures below 50 Pa, it is transfer in the liquid phase.
Aspects of Application of Industrial Robots in Metallurgical Processes / Aspekty Wykorzystania Robotów Przemysłowych W Procesach Metalurgicznych
Authors: Smalcerz A.
Published: April 2013

Industrial robots are increasingly widely used in industrial metallurgical processes, their main aim being greater effectiveness of the process and higher precision of the tasks performed. The characteristic feature of numerous metallurgical processes, however, is the occurrence of strong electromagnetic fields. This paper presents the assessment of the accuracy of operation of an industrial robot in electromagnetic environment. The research encompassed the measurements of temperature of selected robot components and also the measurements of accuracy of the tasks performed. Additionally, some numerical simulations were carried out for determining the Joule losses produced in particular elements of the robot. The object of the research was an induction heater working with the industrial frequency. The numerical computations were performed by the code Flux 3D.
Numerical Analysis of Influence of the Martensite Volume Fraction on Dp Steels Behavior During Plastic Deformation / Analiza Numeryczna Wpływu Ułamka Objetosci Martenzytu Na Zachowanie Stali Dp Podczas Odkształcenia Plastycznego
Authors: Perzynski K. , Madej Ł.
Published: April 2013

Development of a comprehensive fracture model, which takes into account crack initiation and propagation behavior at the microscale level in the Dual Phase (DP) steels is presented in the present paper.

At this stage of the research Authors proposed a numerical model, which takes into account ductile crack initiation and propagation through the ferrite phase. Developed model is based on digital material representation (DMR) of DP microstructure, which takes opportunity for modeling crack phenomena in an explicit manner. Proposed model of ductile crack behavior in the ferritic phase is based on the Johnson-Cook model. Particular attention is put on investigation of influence of martensite volume fraction in microstructure on failure behavior. Obtained results for two significantly different martensite volume fractions in the investigated microstructure are presented in this work
New Technologies for Decontamination of Radioactive Substances Scattered by Nuclear Accident / Nowe Technologie Dekontaminacji Radioaktywnych Substancji Rozproszonych Przez Awarie Nuklearna
Authors: Nishizaki Y. , Miyamae H. , Ichikawa S. , Izumiya K. , Takano T. , Kumagai N. , Hashimoto K.
Published: April 2013

Our effort for decontamination of radioactive cesium scattered widely by nuclear accident in March 2011 in Fukushima, Japan has been described. Radioactive cesium scattered widely in Japan has been accumulating in arc or plasma molten-solidified ash in waste incinerating facilities up to 90,000 Bq/kg of the radioactive waste. Water rinsing of the ash resulted in dissolution of cesium ions together with high concentrations of potassium and sodium ions. Although potassium inhibits the adsorption of cesium on zeolite, we succeeded to precipitate cesium by in-situ formation of ferric ferrocyanide and iron rust in the radioactive filtrate after rinsing of the radioactive ash with water. Because the regulation of no preservation of any kind of cyanide substances, cesium was separated from the precipitate consisting of cesium-captured ferric ferrocyanide and ferric hydroxide in diluted NaOH solution and subsequent filtration gave rise to the potassium-free radioactive filtrate. Cesium was captured by zeolite from the potassium-free radioactive filtrate. The amount of this final radioactive waste of zeolite was significantly lower than that of the arc-molten-solidified ash.
The Influence of a Specific Tourist and Sightseeing Program on Region Related Knowledge
Authors: Wojciechowski Krzysztof H. , Bochenek Marcin , Rafalska Beata
Published: April 2013

Introduction. Participation in properly organized tourism events based the tourist potential of the region, becomes a creative experience, generating creative attitude, satisfying a number of needs and aspirations [2]. Tourism has the potential to contribute to increased effectiveness of school education. It can affect attitudes and develop appropriate habits in terms of physical activity. However, it must be accompanied by appropriate offer of activities, which is likely to generate a desirable behaviour. The purpose of this paper is to determine the influence of a specific tourism program on region related knowledge on the part of male and female students. Material and methods. The research conducted by way of pedagogical experiment utilizing the technique of parallel groups forms merely a small part of the entire research program carried out at the Department of Tourism of the Faculty of Physical Education and Sport in Bia³a Podlaska. The research was carried out in two stages - 2002-2003 and 2009-2010 and involved a total group of 272 subjects. Results and conclusions. Based on the obtained results it can be concluded that the proposed specific tourism program does advance the level of region related knowledge, and its impact is greater than the implementation of tasks resulting from the educational process of the contemporary school.
Changes in Somatic Parameters and Dynamic Balance in Female Rhythmic Gymnasts Over a Space of Two Years
Authors: Poliszczuk Tatiana , Broda Daria , Poliszczuk Dmytro
Published: April 2013

Introduction. Body build and the ability to maintain balance play an important role in the development and improvement of specialised motor habits and complex technical elements necessary to achieve significant sporting results in rhythmic gymnastics. The aim of this study was to determine changes in the level of ability to maintain dynamic balance and in the construction of somatic young female rhythmic gymnasts during a period of two year training. Material and methods. The research material consisted of 13 girls. When the first measurements were taken gymnasts were aged 7 - 12 years. In the study we utilised posturography and the Heath-Carter Anthropometric Somatotype Method. The analysis of the study showed that there were statistically significant differences (p <0.05) in the values of the dynamic balance indicators of the gymnasts' bodies in all three consecutive measurements over a course of years. Results and conclusions. It was noted that as the young gymnasts progressed in their training, their ability to maintain dynamic balanced increased. Based on the characteristics of the model, we developed an exemplary set of dynamic balance of rhythmic gymnasts. The somatotype of the tested athletes surveyed had been changing in the direction of increase in the proportion of components of endomorphy and mesomorphy. The balance ability of rhythmic gymnasts stabilised during their puberty associated with changes in body proportions ratio i.e.: height, weight and somatotype. The results and conclusions drawn can be an important part of selection and choice and can be used to control the dynamic balance in rhythmic gymnastics.
Innovative Modeling Method in Technical Training of High Jumpers
Authors: Krivetskiy Ilya Y. , Popov Grigoriy I.
Published: April 2013

Introduction. This essay introduces an innovative high jump technique modeling method that uses a cascaded fuzzy neural network. An interactive system for the prediction of the success of a high jump has been designed based on this method and it allows the creation of an individual model for highly skilled athletes to control the jumper's technical training. Material and methods. The research material included a video recording of 92 high jumps and analysis by 48 kinematic characteristics. The result allowed the fine tuning of the cascaded fuzzy neural network model in order to analyse successful and failed jumps. Results and conclusions. We have developed the interactive system based on the analysis of kinematic characteristics of the high jump and this allows individual performance models to be tailored for elite athletes. With the help of this instrument, which takes into account the individual biomechanical features of an athlete's jumping style, we can analyze all stages of a jump in detail, improve the technique through the targeted correction of specific motions and achieve the optimal combination of kinematic values for the best possible result.
The State of Development of Equestrian Tourism in the Lublin Region in the Context of Environmental Conditions
Authors: Brzezińska-Wójcik Teresa , Baranowska Monika
Published: April 2013

Introduction. In recent years spending free time in the Lublin Region has been more frequently related to equestrian tourism based on the infrastructure of the existing centres. Papers published so far focus mainly on a detailed description of features of horses used for equestrian tourism. Few papers have analysed offers and issues related to the promotion of this form of tourism. There is no paper discussing the spatial distribution of equestrian tourism centres, or analysing their offer at the regional scale. In response to this, a study was undertaken with special consideration of the features of the natural environment. Material and methods. In the period from October 2010 to April 2011, secondary information (statistics, registers, scientific papers) was analysed and primary material (field inventory, diagnostic interviews and an opinion poll) on the state of equestrian tourism in the Lublin Region was collected. Results. The analysis of the spatial distribution of 61 equestrian tourism centres subject to the inventory reveals that the highest number of centres function in the Zamooeæ and Biała Podlaska poviats. The comparison of offers in the scope of equestrian tourism in the Lublin Region shows that the basic offer of the region includes four kinds of services: horse riding, sleigh riding, chaise riding and horse riding courses. The highest number of horse treks is offered by centres in the Biała Podlaska poviat. Conclusions. In view of the data obtained, an asset in the scope of the development of equestrian tourism is the structure of offers directed at tourists and the infrastructure that already exists. Moreover, the development of this form of tourism is favoured by the features of the natural environment; the majority of trails and centres are located in environmentally valuable areas. Particularly the landscape, the filtrating-detoxicating properties of plant assemblages, their bioclimate and aesthetic value should contribute to the development of a complex offer (appropriate promotional package) of equestrian tourism in the Lublin Region
Teacher Role Model and Students' Physical Activity
Authors: Smuka Ingrida
Published: April 2013

Introduction. Physical activity is an important factor in health risk prevention, which improves the quality of life, as well as promotes both physical and mental health preservation [1, 2]. Each year, the lack of physical activity causes death of 600,000 people in Europe - approximately 6% of the total population [3]. Despite the significant number of studies that have been conducted on students' physical activity, it is also being claimed that studies on the teenage group are essential yet scarce, and the results are ambiguous [4]. This confirms the need for more such studies in order to better determine the significant factors in the promotion of students' physical activity. Material and methods. 339 students aged 11 to 19 participated in the collection of data base: 147 boys and 192 girls. Average age of participants was: 14.6 years. 75 students aged 14-19 years (33 girls and 42 boys) were involved in the pedagogical experiment. The average age of the participants was 16-19 years in School 1 (11 girls and 18 boys), and 14-17 years in School 2 (19 girls and 27 boys). Average age of participants was: 16.3 years. Three sports teachers participated in the pedagogical experiment as well. During the course of the experiment, teachers developed a model of pedagogical interaction in physical education classes. At each school the experiment lasted for 14 weeks. In both schools physical education classes were held twice a week. Results. Based on factor analysis, a model of pedagogical interactions promoting physical activity of students was developed. According to the results of the physical activity habits test (inventory) we can conclude that students have experienced positive and statistically significant changes in their physical activity. The boys were considerably more active during classes where the teacher was present as a participant of physical activities. Conclusions. Teachers and students remark that the applied contents of the pedagogical interaction model have positive effects on the interaction between students and teachers and stimulate physical activity of students.
Book Reviews
Authors: Huang Alexander C. Y. , Mondal Sandip , Sriwastav Sharmistha Chatterjee , Giza Natalia , Kawachi Yoshiko
Published: April 2013

Diana E Henderson, Collaborations with the Past: Reshaping Shakespeare across Time and Media, Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 2006. Pp. xi + 289. ISBN 978-0801444197.

Vintage Shakespeare: New Perspectives From India and Abroad, eds. Prashant K. Sinha and Mohini Khot, Jaipur: Book Enclave, 2010. Pp. 240. ISBN 978-81-8152-271-9.

The Tempest by William Shakespeare, ed. Sarbani Chaudhury, New Delhi: Pearson Longman, 2009. Pp. Liii +217. ISBN 978-81-317-0981-8.

Elżbieta Stanisz, Kierunki Polskiej Szekspirologicznej Myśli Krytycznej w Dwudziestoleciu Miedzywojennym (1918-1939) [Shakespearean Criticism in Poland in the Inter-War Period], Toruń: Wydawnictwo Adam Marszałek, 2011. Pp. 290. ISBN 978-83-7611-887-1.

Shakespeare: The Indian Icon, ed. Vikram Chopra, New Delhi: The Readers Paradise, 2011. Pp. xxvi + 836. ISBN 978-81-920751-2-9
Effect of Integration on the Gross Value Added in the Baltic States Dairy Sector Secondary Level
Authors: Ozoliņš Jānis
Published: April 2013

Dairy sector is an essential part of Baltic States economies in terms of created gross value added (GVA) and labour usage. The dairy sector’s potential to create economic effect is underutilised as a result of fragmented production structure and ensuing low economic efficiency. Integration can facilitate concentration of the sector’s market structure. The aim of this paper is to evaluate the effect of dairy sector secondary-level company integration on the creation of GVA. To accomplish the aim, an extensive sample of 54 companies is used whereas previous research has been based on data of only 5-10 largest Baltic States companies. It is concluded that integration characteristics of dairy processing companies significantly influence relationships which express their GVA creation pattern. Dominating horizontally integrated dairy processing companies are the most valuable to the economy as their GVA increase rate which results from net turnover growth is the highest. Non-integrated companies’ GVA growth rate provided that their net turnover grows is lower than for dominating horizontally integrated companies. Increases in company size do not statistically significantly increase the relation of GVA to the sum of net turnover and other operating income. Both successful and commercially weak companies can produce high GVA in respect to their size. However, only the successful companies are expected to generate positive growth dynamics, be economically efficient and can be relied upon as driving force of dairy sector growth.
Formation of the EU Development Index
Authors: Vesperis Vladislavs
Published: April 2013

In the context of the global financial-economic crisis it becomes important to find a stronger base for assessment of the socio-economic development and, in particular, search for better indicators. Therefore, the hypothesis is set that it is necessary to develop the EU Development Index, which will provide better assessment of an on-going socio-economic change. The objective of the article is to describe the EU Development Index calculation results and compare them with the Human Development Index values for each Member state of the EU. Ranking list of the EU Member States according to the Human Development Index values did not change substantially, suggesting that the Human Development Index inadequately responds to key socioenvironmental changes that occurred during the global financial economic crisis. At the same time, a number of countries show a sharp decline of the EU development index values, reflecting the impact of global economic crisis, while some countries with a high level of public debt and low confidence of the financial markets have remained in their positions by the both indexes in the year 2009. However, these countries most probably will be forced to make the considerable fiscal discipline measures, which inevitably will have an impact on GDP and income indicators in these countries, therefore their rankings in the coming years will deteriorate. Completely impartial assessment will be possible when countries with high debt levels will have balanced their budgets and economic growth will be based mostly on their own income and production instead of external cash flows and investment entering the country. It can be concluded that EU Development Index allows, in a more equitable fashion, to assess disparities of the EU Member States by development level and more rapidly reflect the rapid socio-economic change.
The Influence of Synthetic Insecticides on the Dynamics of
Cabbage Stem Weevil (Ceutorhynchus pallidactylus Marsh.) and Cabbage
Pod Weevil (Ceutorhynchus obstrictus Marsh.)
in Winter Oilseed Rape
Authors: Grantina Ingrida , Turka Inara
Published: April 2013

Oilseed rape is affected by a complex of different crucifer pests. Cruciferous stem weevils
(Ceuthorhynchus spp.) are relatively new oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) pests in Latvia. Although currently
brassica pest control is performed according to the appearance of first specimens of Ceutorhynchus or other
brassica pests, for a large number of insecticide treatments a positive biological efficiency is observed (however,
within a large range – 8–98%). The current application of brassica pest control may be described as preventive,
which is not permitted in the integrated pest management system. The present research estimates biological
efficiency and application time of synthetic pyrethroid (PIR) and combined pyrethroid+neonicotonoid
(PIR+NNI) to control winter oilseed rape pest species, as well as stimulates discussion about their use.
Evaluation of the monitoring data of Ceutorhynchus spp. showed that C. typhae and C. sulcicollis emerge first,
but damaging species C. pallidactylus – a week later. Consequently it is not only necessary to monitor the
weevils but also to identify their species in order to decide on the control measures. The combined PIR+NNI
insecticide proved to have the highest biological efficiency for cabbage stem weevil control. Both classes of
synthetic insecticides revealed a considerable biological efficiency for weevil control. The research suggests
that effectiveness of insecticide is affected by many factors: plant development stage during the spray, agroclimatic
conditions, spray quality, field location and size, distribution of pests, and crop rotation.
Physical properties and compression loading behaviour of corn seed
Authors: Babić Lj. , Radojèin M. , Pavkov I. , Babić M. , Turan J. , Zoranović M. , Stanišić S.
Published: April 2013

The aim of this study was to acquire data on the physical properties and compression loading behaviour of seed of six corn hybrid varieties. The mean values of length, width, thickness, geometric diameter, surface area, porosity, single kernel mass, sphericity, bulk and true density, 1 000 kernelmass and coefficient of friction were studied at single level of corn seed moisture content. The calculated secant modulus of elasticity during compressive loading for dent corn was 0.995 times that of the semi-flint type; there were no significant differences in the value of this mechanical property between semi-flint and dent corn varieties. The linear model showed a decreasing tendency of secant modulus of elasticity for all hybrids as the moisture content of seeds increased.
Changes in soil quality associated with tillage system applied
Authors: Gajda A.M. , Przewłoka B. , Gawryjołek K.
Published: April 2013

The aim of this research was to evaluate changes in soil quality associated with the tillage system applied with chosen parameters of soil biological properties. The long-term field experiments were located at a private farm in Rogów (Zamooeć region, E Poland) on a silt soil and at the Experimental Station in Laskowice (Wrocław region, S-W Poland) on a sandy loam soil. Soil samples were collected from 0-15 and 15-30 cm layers. Winter wheat was grown under traditional, reduced and no-tillage systems. The analyses included estimations of microbial biomass C and N content, microbial respiration rate, activity of dehydrogenase and arylsulfatase, and fluorescein diacetate hydrolysis. After eight years the effects of tillage on both soils were clearly noticed. In general, the less disturbing tillage systems enhanced the increase of soil biological activity by 15-40%, on average, than conventional tillage system. The significant correlations between microbial biomass, and/or enzyme activities with total organic C content indicate that concentration of organic C in soil environment plays an extremely important role in enhancing the stabilization and activity of soil microorganisms, and protection of an extracellular enzymes. The studied parameters of soil biological activity showed their sensitivity to tillage applied and may be considered as an useful indicators of soil quality in monitoring all conditions alter soil environment.
Effect of the applied drying method on the physical properties of purple carrot pomace
Authors: Janiszewska E. , Witrowa-Rajchert D. , Kidoń M. , Czapski J.
Published: April 2013

The aim of the study was to determine the effect of different drying methods on selected physical properties of pomace obtained from purple carrot cv. Deep Purple. Drying was performed using four methods: convective, microwave-convective, infrared-convective and freeze-drying. The freeze-dried material had the lowest apparent density (422 kg m-3), which was caused by slight shrinkage, and indicated high porosity. Apparent density was almost three times greater in dried materials produced using the other drying methods as compared to the freeze-dried variants. Freeze-dried pomace adsorbed vapour more quickly than the other dried variants, which was caused by its high porosity and relatively low degree of structural damage. Rehydration characteristicswere significantly affected by the dryingmethod. The highest mass increase and losses of soluble substance were recorded for the freeze-dried samples. Conversely, the traditional convective drying method resulted in the lowest mass increase and soluble substance leaching. A positive linear correlation was found between the loss of soluble dry substance components and the absorbance of liquid obtained during rehydration.
Soil response to chemicals used in a field experiment
Authors: Jezierska-Tys S. , Rutkowska A.
Published: April 2013

The effect of chemicals (Reglone 200 SL and Elastiq 550 EC) on soil microorganisms and their enzymatic activity was estimated. The study was conducted in a field experiment which was set up in the split-block design and comprised three treatments. Soil samples were taken six times, twice in each year of study. The results showed that the application of chemicals generally had no negative effect on the number of soil microorganisms. The application of Reglone 200 SL caused an increase of proteolytic and ureolytic activity and affected the activity of dehydrogenases, acid and alkaline phosphatases in the soil. The soil subjected of Elastiq 550 EC was characterized by lower activity of dehydrogenases, protease, urease and alkaline phosphatase.
Zeolite and swine inoculum effect on poultry manure biomethanation
Authors: Kougias P.G. , Fotidis I.A. , Zaganas I.D. , Kotsopoulos T.A. , Martzopoulos G.G.
Published: April 2013

Poultry manure is an ammonia-rich substrate that inhibits methanogenesis, causing severe problems to the anaerobic digestion process. In this study, the effect of different natural zeolite concentrations on the mesophilic anaerobic digestion of poultry waste inoculated with well-digested swine manure was investigated. A significant increase in methane production was observed in treatments where zeolite was added, compared to the treatment without zeolite.Methane production in the treatment with 10 g dm-3 of natural zeolite was found to be 109.75% higher compared to the treatment without zeolite addition. The results appear to be influenced by the addition of zeolite, which reduces ammonia toxicity in anaerobic digestion and by the ammonia-tolerant swine inoculum.
Electrical resistivity tomography to delineate greenhouse soil variability
Authors: Rossi R. , Amato M. , Bitella G. , Bochicchio R.
Published: April 2013

Appropriate management of soil spatial variability is an important tool for optimizing farming inputs, with the result of yield increase and reduction of the environmental impact in field crops. Under greenhouses, several factors such as non-uniform irrigation and localized soil compaction can severely affect yield and quality. Additionally, if soil spatial variability is not taken into account, yield deficiencies are often compensated by extra-volumes of crop inputs; as a result, over-irrigation and overfertilization in some parts of the field may occur. Technology for spatially sound management of greenhouse crops is therefore needed to increase yield and quality and to address sustainability. In this experiment, 2D-electrical resistivity tomography was used as an exploratory tool to characterize greenhouse soil variability and its relations to wild rocket yield. Soil resistivity well matched biomass variation (R2=0.70), and was linked to differences in soil bulk density (R2=0.90), and clay content (R2=0.77). Electrical resistivity tomography shows a great potential in horticulture where there is a growing demand of sustainability coupled with the necessity of stabilizing yield and product quality.
Effects of silicon on plant resistance to environmental stresses: review
Authors: Balakhnina T. , Borkowska A.
Published: April 2013

The role of exogenous silicon in enhancing plant resistance to various abiotic stressors: salinity, drought, metal toxicities and ultraviolet radiation are presented. The data on possible involvement of silicon in reducing the reactive oxygen species generation, intensity of lipid peroxidation, and in some cases, increasing the activity of enzymes of the reactive oxygen species detoxificators: superoxide dismutase, ascorbate peroxidase, glutathione reductase, guaiacol peroxidase and catalase are analyzed.
IT Systems of Remote Medical Care
Authors: Kosobudzki Arkadiusz , Wochlik Ireneusz , Bułka Jarosław , Izworski Andrzej
Published: April 2013

Intensive development of medical sciences and information technology, and their cooperation offers new opportunities and sets course of action for complex healthcare and human life protection. With the development of equipment capabilities, the emergence of new sensors and advancement of information technology, the emergence of applications supporting life and health protection, ensuring both the healthcare and human protection against various threats, can be observed. Especially in an aging society a huge demand for this type of products and services is visible, and that niche in the market is still not filled. In this paper several existing systems of remote medical care are analyzed and a concept of the constructed system of own authorship is presented.