bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The importance of Gram positive bacteria as the cause of canine pyometra
Authors: Sant' anna Marcos Cezar , Trautwein Luiz Guilherme Corsi , Giordano Lucienne Garcia Pretto , Justino Rebeca Cordeiro , Flaiban Karina Keller Marques da Costa , Martins Maria Isabel Mello
Published: May 2017

E. coli is the main bacteria isolated from infected uterus and bacterial endotoxin can lead to fatal endotoxic shock. Systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) precedes the endotoxic shock. Thus, early recognition of SIRS is important for patient treatment and prognostic. In Brazil, Gram positive bacteria are responsible for approximately 20% of all pyometra cases, and there is limited information about pathophysiology of shock and tissue injury. The aim of this study was to investigate the capacity of Gram positive bacteria to cause SIRS in bitches with pyometra. A prospective follow-up of 67 bitches with pyometra was performed, which were classified as SIRS + and SIRS- on admission. All bitches were surgically treated (ovariohysterectomy), uterine contents were collected in a sterile manner and the material was submitted to microbiological evaluation. Were identified in 55.2% of bitches E. coli (G1), 23.9% other Gram negative bacteria (G2) and 20.9% Gram positive bacteria (G3). The leukocyte profile, serum biochemistry and prevalence of SIRS were similar between the groups. It is concluded that Gram positive bacteria have the capacity to promote tissue damage and can lead the patient to death after SIRS and shock, as well as by E. coli and other Gram negative.
Strobilurin and boscalid in the quality of net melon fruits
Authors: Macedo Ana Claudia , Amaro Amanda Cristina Esteves , Ramos Anamaria Ribeiro Pereira , Ono Elizabeth Orika , Rodrigues João Domingos
Published: May 2017

Until recently, fungicides were used exclusively for disease control; however observations of physiological effects brought a new concept to the use of these products. Strobilurins have positive physiological effects on crop yield, due to the increase of liquid photosynthesis and better hormonal balance. However, boscalid complements the action of these fungicides, applied alternately or together. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of strobilurins (azoxystrobin and pyraclostrobin), boscalid and the mixture of these on the physical-chemical quality of net melon fruits (Cucumis melo var. Reticulatus). The experiment was conducted in the municipality of São Manuel (SP), using the hybrid of Cantaloupe M2-308 net melon, the experimental design was in randomized blocks with five replicates. The treatments used were: T1 - control; T2 - azoxystrobin 60g ha-1 of active principle (a.p.); T3 - boscalid 75g ha-1 of the a.p.; T4 - pyraclostrobin 50g ha-1 of the a.p.; T5 - boscalid (37,5g ha-1) of the a.p. + pyraclostrobin (25g ha-1) of the a.p. The first application of the treatments was carried out at fourteen days after the transplanting of the seedlings and the others at seven day intervals, totaling eight applications throughout the cycle. Two fruits of each plot were collected, which were identified for analysis in the laboratory. The following characteristics were evaluated: fresh fruit mass; mesocarp thickness, pulp texture, peel trajectory, pH, titratable acidity, soluble solids and the ratio. The results were submitted to analysis of variance and the averages compared by the Tukey test at 5% probability using the SISVAR program. The fruits of the plants treated with boscalid 75g ha-1 were the ones that showed higher concentration of soluble solids and low titratable acidity, resulting in a better ratio. Despite the lower value, the fruits of the plants treated with pyraclostrobin 50g ha-1 showed a high ratio value, besides presenting higher value for pulp texture. The mixture of boscalid (37.5g ha-1) + pyraclostrobin (25g ha-1) also showed high values of soluble solids which resulted in a good “ratio” value.
Improvement of growth and productivity of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) through foliar applications of naphthalene acetic acid
Authors: Parveen Shazia , Iqbal Rana Muhammad , Akram Muhammad , Iqbal Faheem , Tahir Muhammad , Rafay Muhammad
Published: May 2017

Plant growth regulators like naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) positively affect the growth and yield of crop plants. An experiment was conducted to check the foliar application of NAA on growth and yield components of cotton variety Bt.121 under field condition at research area of agriculture farm near Cholistan Institute of Desert Studies (CIDS), The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Pakistan. The experiment was comprised of foliar application of NAA (1%) viz. T0 (control), T1 (One spray of NAA), T2 (Two sprays of NAA), T3 (Three sprays of NAA), T4 (Four sprays of NAA). The first foliar spray was applied at 45 days after sowing (DAS) and later on it was continued with 15 days interval with skilled labour by hand pump sprayer. The experiment was laid out in randomized complete block design and each treatment was replicated three times. Data recorded on growth, chlorophyll contents, yield and yield components showed a significant increase with the application of NAA. Furthermore, earliness index, mean maturity date and production rate index were also influenced with foliar application of NAA. On the basis of growth and yield parameters it can be concluded that four spray of NAA (1%) can be applied commercially under field conditions.
Size, physiological quality, and green seed occurrence influenced by seeding rate in soybeans
Authors: Ferreira André Sampaio , Zucareli Claudemir , Balbinot Junior Alvadi Antonio , Werner Flavia , Coelho Antonio Eduardo
Published: May 2017

The seeding rate influences the intraspecific competition, which might affect the development and quality of seeds in soybean. However, the impact of seeding rate on the physical and physiological qualities of soybean seeds needs to be better elucidated. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of soybean plant density on the seed size as well as the effects of the interaction between the plant density and seed size on the seed mass, green seed occurence, and physiological seed quality. The experiments were carried out in the growing seasons of the years 2013/14 and 2014/15 in a Latossolo Vermelho distroférrico, under a randomized complete block design, using the NK 7059 RR cultivar with six replications. Four plant densities (150, 300, 440, and 560 thousand viable seeds ha–1) were evaluated. After the classification of seeds into four sizes, using a set of sieves, a 4 ×4 factorial scheme was used for the statistical analysis of the four plant densities and four seed sizes. The seed samples were evaluated for the seed mass, green seed percentage, germination, and vigor. Under thermal and water stress during seed development, an increase in the seeding rate led to a reduction in the green seed occurrence and an increase in the seed size and mass. However, in the absence of thermal and water stress, the seed size and mass were not altered by the seeding rate and, there was no occurrence of green seeds.
Instability of the expression of morphological and phenological descriptors to environmental variation in white oat
Authors: Santos Jossana , Scheffer-Basso Simone Meredith , Lângaro Nadia Canali , Brammer Sandra Patussi
Published: May 2017

Morphological and phenological characters are used in the selection, breeding, and description of plant varieties with varying genotypes. The stability of these descriptors in the face of environmental changes can determine their usefulness in situations where plant varieties must be reliably identified. The objective of this study was to verify the expression of morphological and phenological descriptors and use them to distinguish between white oat cultivars (Avena sativa L.) in two growing periods. For this, five cultivars, protected and belonging to four breeders, referred to as G1, G2, G3, G4, and G5, were sown in the typical growing season in southern Brazil (autumn-winter) and outside that period (winter-spring), and grown for forty days. The experiment was established in the field, in a randomized block design replicated three times. The cultivars were evaluated for 42 descriptors (15 quantitative and 27 qualitative). Quantitative data were analyzed by analysis of variance, the comparison of averages, and multivariate analysis by generating average euclidean distances. Qualitative data were analyzed by mode determination, followed by obtaining the similarity index. The relationship between cultivars was illustrated by dendrograms. The stability index for each descriptor was calculated. A genotype x environment interaction was observed for 28 descriptors. The stability of descriptor appearance and persistence over the growing season was higher in qualitative (44%) than in quantitative (7%) descriptors. The most stable qualitative descriptors were lemma color, hairiness of the upper node, flag leaf position, hairiness of the base of the grain, basal grain length, and rachilla length. The most stable quantitative descriptor was flag leaf length. Shifting the white oat growing season from autumn-winter to winter-spring reduced the cycle and modified the expression of most descriptors by changing the phenotypic distinctness between cultivars.
Anti-equine arteritis virus activity of ethanolic extract and compounds from Origanum vulgare
Authors: Blank Daiane Einhardt , Corrêa Rayra Almeida , Freitag Rogério Antônio , Cleff Marlete Brum , Hübner Silvia De Oliveira
Published: May 2017

The equine arteritis virus (EAV) is responsible by an important respiratory and reproductive disease in equine populations and there is no specific antiviral treatment available. The objective of this study was to investigate the activity of an ethanolic crude extract of Origanum vulgare (EEO) and of isolated compound caffeic acid, p-coumaric acid, rosmarinic acid, quercetin, luteolin, carnosol, carnosic acid, kaempferol and apigenin against EAV. The assays were performed using non-cytotoxic concentrations. The antiviral activity was monitored initially by cytopathic effect inhibition (CPE) assay in RK13 cells in the presence or absence of EEO. Pre-incubated cells with EEO were also examined to show prophylactic effect. Direct viral inactivation by EEO and isolated compounds was evaluated by incubation at 37°C or 20°C. After the incubation period, the infectivity was immediately determined by virus titrations on cell cultures and expressed as 50% tissue culture infective dose (TCID50)/100 µL. There was significant virucidal activity of EEO and of the compounds caffeic acid, p-coumaric acid, quercetin, carnosic acid and kaempferol. When EEO was added after infection, EEO inhibited the virus growth in infected cells, as evidenced by significant reduction of the viral titre. The results provide evidence that the EEO exhibit an inhibitory effect anti-EAV. Among the main compounds evaluated, caffeic acid, p-coumaric acid, carnosic acid, kaempferol and mainly quercetin, contributed to the activity of EEO. EEO may represent a good prototype for the development of a new antiviral agent, presenting promising for combating arteriviruses infections.
Biochemical parameters of wild felids (Panthera leo and Panthera tigris altaica) kept in captivity
Authors: Larsson Maria Helena Matiko Akao , Flores Auddrey Sismotto , Fedullo José Daniel Luzes , Teixeira Rodrigo Hidalgo Friciello , Mirandola Regina Mieko Sakata , Ito Fumio Honma , Pessoa Rebecca Bastos , Itikawa Paula Hiromi
Published: May 2017

Most populations of wild felines are now considered endangered or near extinction due to the indiscriminate hunting and the reduction of their natural habitat, caused by man. Due to the limited number of animals within a population, these species are especially vulnerable to the impacts of diseases and endogamy. In addition, wild felines are also susceptible to metabolic and behavioral changes related to a change in their natural conditions, habitat, and feeding, when the animal enters into captivity. There are few descriptions in the literature of the serum biochemistries of lions and tigers. This study presents the biochemical parameters of 23 captive lions (Panthera leo) and 10 captive Siberian tigers (Panthera tigris altaica) from the Zoological Park of the Sao Paulo Foundation. Serum urea, creatinine, total protein, albumin, total, direct and indirect bilirubin were measured. In addition, serum levels of ALT, AST, ALP, GGT, glucose, CK, lactate dehydrogenase, cholesterol, and triglycerides were determined, as well as calcium, phosphorus, chlorine, sodium, and potassium. Biochemical parameters did not differ significantly among males and females lions, but higher albumin values were observed in male Panthera tigris altaica in comparison to females. The values obtained in this study may be used as reference for captive individuals of Panthera leo and Panthera tigris altaica.
Evaluation of nutritional plans for meat quail
Authors: Griep Júnior Dirceu Neuztzling , Pereira Adriana Aparecida , Lima Júnior Dorgival Morais de , Alcântara Rosineide Silva de , Silva Wilson Araújo da , Moraes Socorro Da Silva , Almeida Vitor Visintin Silva de
Published: May 2017

In this study, we evaluated three nutritional plans for quail from 1 to 42 days of age on performance, carcass quality, and economic viability. A total of 210 European quail were distributed into three treatments in a randomized complete design with five replicates and 14 birds in each plot. The following three treatments were tested: nutritional plan 1 - one diet, provided from 1 to 42 days of age; nutritional plan 2 - two diets, provided from 1 to 21 and 22 to 42 days of age; and nutritional plan 3 - three diets, provided from 1 to 14, 15 to 35, and 36 to 42 days of age. Data were subjected to analysis of variance and means were compared by the Student Newman Keuls (SNK) test at the 5% probability level. At 42 days of age, one bird from each sex, of each experimental unit, was slaughtered to evaluate the yields of carcass, breast, legs, and abdominal fat. Nutritional plans per rearing stage with two or three diets provided similar production performances and better feed conversion than the plan including only one diet. Studied carcass characteristics did not differ between treatments. The nutritional plan with three diets provided the best economic viability. The best nutritional plan for meat quail was that containing three types of diet, because it provided a lower cost with feed per kilogram of quail produced without compromising performance or carcass characteristics.
Performance of dairy calves raised under two breeding systems
Authors: Borger Reinaldo Henrique , Martins Adriana Sousa , Galetto Shivelly Los , Pedrosa Victor Breno , Oliveira Raquel Abdallah da Rocha , Leal Luciana Da Silva
Published: May 2017

Increasing concern about some animal production systems has placed considerable value on humanitarian breeding systems, aimed at ensuring animal welfare and comfort. Raising calves is one of the most important stages in a milk production system. This study aimed to evaluate and compare the performance of Holstein dairy calves raised by two farming systems: conventional individual (CI) and collective with automatic calf feeder (CACF). Fourteen, 15-day-old Holstein dairy calves having an average initial body weight of 40 kg, were used. The animals were distributed in a completely randomized design with seven animals per treatment. The variables evaluated were the milk and feed intake, body weight, hip height, thoracic circumference and daily weight gain. The average milk intake was lower in the CACF (3.5 L animal-1 day-1) than CI (5.1 L animal-1 day-1) system. However, the feed intake was higher in the CACF (1.205 kg animal-1 day-1) compared to CI (0.910 kg animal-1 day-1) system. Body weight, thoracic circumference, hip height and daily weight gain were similar between the two systems. The CACF raised calves had a higher concentrate intake and lower milk intake than the calves raised under the CI system.
Supplementation levels for non-lactating cows grazing during the rainy season
Authors: Silva Joelson Antonio , Cabral Luciano Da Silva , Sousa Daniel De Paula , Oliveira André Soares de , Galati Rosemary Lais , Santos Marcelo Diniz dos , Paula Nelcino Francisco de , Silva Camilla Gabriela Miranda , Costa Júnior Wagner Soares da , Oliveira Isis Scatolin de
Published: May 2017

This study aimed to evaluate levels of concentrate supplementation (1.5, 3.0, 4.5 and 6.0 kg day?1) for grazing dairy cows kept on Panicum maximum Jacq. cv. Tanzania pasture during the rainy season on nutrient intake and digestibility and rumen parameters. Four rumen cannulated non-lactating Holstein × Zebu crossbred cows were used in this study by a 4X4 Latin square design, which presented an average initial body weight of 521.69±31.98 kg. Each period lasted 17 days, being the first 10 days were used for animal adaptation and the remaining seven days for data collection. There was no effect (P > 0.05) of supplementation levels on total dry matter intake, although forage dry matter intake has been linearly decreased (P < 0.05). Treatments have no effect (P > 0.05) on the digestibility coefficients of dry matter, organic matter, crude protein, or ether extract. There was a linear increase (P < 0.05) on daily rumination time and total rumination times according to supplementation levels. There was no significant effect of supplementation levels (P > 0.05) or time after supplementation on rumen pH. Rumen ammonia nitrogen concentration responded quadratically (P < 0.05) to times after supplementation, with a maximum estimated concentration of 17.61 mg dL?1 at 3.87 h after supplementation. Increasing supplementation levels for grazing dairy cows reduces forage intake but has no negative effects on total dry matter intake or rumen-fluid pH.
Fermentation characteristics and nutritional quality of elephant grass silage added the buriti fruit peel
Authors: Ferreira Raimundo Ribeiro , Bezerra Leilson Rocha , Marques Carlo Aldrovandi Torreão , Torreão Jacira Neves da Costa , Edvan Ricardo Loiola , Araújo Marcos Jácome , Amorim Diego Sousa , Santana Júnior Hermógenes Almeida de
Published: May 2017

The objective of this research was to evaluated the inclusion of buriti fruit peel as additive on the fermentation profile, losses, chemical composition and degradability of elephant grass silage. We used a completely randomized design with five levels of buriti fruit peel (0, 50, 100, 200 and 400 g kg-1). The silos were opened after 28 days of storage. In situ degradability monitoring was conducted using a split-plot design in which four animals represented the blocks and silage supplemented with five levels of buriti fruit peel represented the treatments. The use of the additive in elephant silage increased dry matter (DM) (P < 0.001), ether extract (EE) (P < 0.001), ash (P < 0.001), neutral detergent fiber (NDF) (P < 0.001) and acid detergent fiber (ADF) (P= 0.0000). The pH (P= 0.0000), N-NH3 (P = 0.024) and there was a decrease in gas losses (P < 0.001), effluent losses and dry matter recovery (P = 0.218) not were influenced by the addition of buriti fruit peel. The inclusion of buriti fruit peel linearly reduced the ruminal degradability DM of soluble fraction (a) (P < 0.001) and potentially degradable insoluble fraction (b) (P < 0.001). The DM content increase with the addition of the buriti fruit peel to the elephant grass silage promotes improvements in the fermentation process, reduces losses of nutrients and ruminal disappearance of dry matter and does not significantly change the chemical composition with the inclusion of 166.7 g kg-1 of the buriti fruit peel.
Línguas adicionais na escola- da zona de diferença à zona de transformação
Authors: Torres Ana Cecilia Da Gama , Lucena Maria Inêz Probst
Published: May 2017

Resumo: No presente artigo argumentamos que os tradicionais estereótipos referentes ao aprendiz de línguas, como a denominação de falante não nativo, os estigmas em relação à língua adicional emergente e os estilos de avaliação que enfocam apenas conteúdos e habilidades sem considerar as múltiplas experiências dos educandos podem obscurecer as práticas de linguagem que, ao surgirem localmente, quando reconhecidas, têm o potencial de tornar-se recursos para a organização da aprendizagem e para ampliar as formas de participação nas várias esferas da lida cotidiana. Importa esclarecer que qualquer possibilidade de ampliação é mediada por comunicações localmente situadas e que estão abertas a interpretações. Entendemos que, em uma língua adicional, as pessoas teriam sim possibilidades de lançar mão de práticas de linguagem “diferenciadas” para participar de experiências com a língua emergente e, assim, alcançar seus objetivos sociais. Concluímos que deixar de reconhecer a riqueza da heterogeneidade que surge localmente é um grande prejuízo, porém reconhecê-la e interpretá-la em tempo real não é uma aspiração trivial.
Direct oral anticoagulants for the treatment of cancer-associated venous thromboembolism
Authors: Voigtlaender Minna , Langer Florian
Published: May 2017

Cancer patients with venous thromboembolism (VTE) are at increased risk for both bleeding and VTE recurrence. Anticoagulation with low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH) is the standard of care during the initial and longterm treatment phase (i.e. during the first 3 – 6 months of therapy) based on its overall beneficial safety and efficacy profile compared to vitamin K antagonists (VKAs). The direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) rivaroxaban, apixaban, edoxaban, and dabigatran are approved for the treatment of acute VTE, and the combined six phase-3 trials have included > 1500 patients with active cancer, as defined by variable selection criteria. Subgroup analyses of these patients, either pooled or separately reported, suggest that DOACs could be a safe and efficacious alternative to VKA therapy for the treatment of cancer-associated VTE. However, the populations of cancer patients included in the DOAC and LMWH trials are not comparable with regard to mortality and VTE risk, and no specific data from direct head-to-head comparisons of DOACs with LMWHs are currently available. The use of DOACs for the management of VTE in cancer is thus not recommended by clinical practice guidelines.
Critical Thinking Disposition: The Effects of Infusion Approach in Engineering Drawing
Authors: Mohd Darby Norazlinda , Mat Rashid Abdullah
Published: May 2017

Critical Thinking Disposition is known as an important factor that drives a student to use Higher Order Thinking Skills (HOTS) in order to solve engineering drawing problems. Infusing them while teaching the subject may enhance students’ disposition and higher order thinking skills. However, no research has been done in critical thinking disposition while teaching engineering drawing. The current study is to evaluate how critical thinking disposition infused in Engineering Drawing affected students’ thinking disposition. Quasi-experimental with non-equivalent control group design was conducted on the groups from two different Technical Matriculation College for 8 weeks. Two teaching methods, which are Conventional approach and Infusion Approach, were used while teaching Engineering Drawing for control group and treatment group. Control group with 29 students and treatment group consist of 31 students were selected as samples. Pre-test shows that there is no significant different in critical thinking dispositions between control group and treatment group. However, the result in post-test shows that treatment group was significantly higher in critical thinking dispositions compared to control group.
Differences in Teaching Self-Determination between General and Special Education Teachers in Elementary Schools
Authors: Chao Pen-Chiang , Chou Yu-Chi
Published: May 2017

The purpose of this study was to investigate whether there are differences in the teaching of self-determination between general and special education teachers in Taiwan. The participants were 380 teachers recruited from elementary schools nationwide in Taiwan. Among them, 128 were general education teachers, while the others were special educators providing services in either resource rooms (n = 125) or self-contained classrooms (n = 127). The Teaching Self-Determination Scale (TSDS) was used to collect data. Descriptive statistics, t tests, analyses of variance (ANOVAs) and multivariate analyses of variance (MANOVAs) were employed to analyze data. Findings showed that both general and special education teachers’ level of teaching self-determination was in the range of “sometimes to often”. Nevertheless, general education teachers’ level in teaching psychological empowerment, self-regulation, and autonomous skills was higher than that of their special education counterparts. Additionally, general educators tended to focus the most on instructing psychological empowerment abilities, while the self-contained classroom teachers paid intense attention to the teaching of autonomous skills. Resource room teachers demonstrated a relatively balanced instruction of various skills. Findings of this study enabled us to further understand elementary school teachers’ level of teaching self-determination and its characteristics as well. Suggestion and implications are provided.
De ‘governmentality’ van een lokaal prostitutieveld?
Authors: van Wijk Eelco
Published: May 2017

The ‘governmentality’ of a local prostitution market.

Many scholars interpreted the lifting of the ban on brothels in 2000 (often called the legalization of prostitution) in The Netherlands, as a sign that selling sex was no longer deemed morally objectionable. Governing prostitution thus became primarily a technical matter of government. A task that, for a large part, was delegated to municipalities. However, nearly two decades later, the debate surrounding prostitution (policy) is still characterized by its moral tone of voice, and we lack insight into the strategies and techniques deployed by local governments. This raises two important questions. First, what actually happens in legalized local prostitution markets? Extant research, focusses too much on (changes in) national policy, and too little on what key actors (such as municipalities) are actually doing in local prostitution markets. Second, what is the role of moral aspects? When local actors are studied, insufficient attention is paid to the influence of moral issues. My PhD research addresses these two questions, by looking at the relationship between moral beliefs surrounding prostitution and the way in which local governments attempt to stabilize or change the modus operandi of a local prostitution market. It develops a theoretical framework combining field theory and Foucauldian governmentality concepts, and tries to shed light on the broader theme of the relation between morality and governing in late modern times.
Redes de consejo y apoyo social de las embarcaciones autorizadas a pescar en la reserva de la desembocadura del Guadalquivir: tres estrategias de pesca desde el puerto de Chipiona
Authors: Maya Jariego Isidro , Florido del Corral David , Sáez Jiménez Jorge
Published: May 2017

Examinamos las redes de conocidos, apoyo social e información ecológica local de los patrones de embarcaciones del puerto de Chipiona autorizadas a pescar en la Reserva de Pesca de la Desembocadura del Guadalquivir (n= 40), en el suroeste de España. El tiempo invertido en cada zona de la reserva mostró una relación inversa con la distancia al fondeadero. Se identificaron tres tipos de barcos en función de que su actividad de pesca la desarrollen de forma preferente, respectivamente, en la desembocadura, el frente costero entre Matalascañas y Mazagón, y los caladeros alejados de la reserva de pesca. Los pescadores mostraron una tendencia significativa al intercambio de apoyo e información con aquellos colegas que no comparten su misma zona de pesca (heterofilia). Los resultados de la encuesta y el análisis de redes entre embarcaciones fueron presentados en un foro cualitativo (n= 21), en el que los pescadores informaron de la práctica del secreto en la actividad pesquera. Discutimos las implicaciones de la estructura de relaciones en la conservación de los recursos pesqueros y en el desarrollo de una visión integrada del ecosistema.
Smart sustainable cities: bibliometric study and patent information
Authors: Kobayashi Andrea Regina Kaneko , Kniess Claudia Terezinha , Serra Fernando Antonio Ribeiro , Ferraz Renato Ribeiro Nogueira , Ruiz Mauro Silva
Published: May 2017

Cities that reinvent themselves must pay attention to social inclusion and green technologies, combined with smart management of the territory for sustainable urban development of new territories. This article aims to identify the concepts of Smart Sustainable Cities, according to the approach of the main referenced authors, besides identifying the production of patents related to the object of study. To do so, a bibliometric survey and patent data mining was carried out in September 2016. Data for the bibliometric study was collected in the databases Web of Science and Scopus and later on, processed through Bibexcel software. Crawler Patent2Net was used for the data mining of patents. After the research, it was concluded that the concepts of Smart Cities and Sustainable Cities converged over time. Smart Cities should be sustainable and offer quality of life and Sustainable Cities should use information and communication technologies to monitor the flow of resources. However, there are authors who say that these concepts are different. There is a theoretical gap about the concept and specific characteristics of Smart Sustainable Cities. The patent deposit on smart cities has been increasing since 2010. About 55.11% of the patents obtained in the survey of smart city were on wireless communication networks.
Equality and Difference in Education. Theoretical and Practical Issues in Equity Education – A Polish Example
Authors: Zamojska Eva
Published: May 2017

Studie si klade za cíl zamyslet se nad současným chápáním rovnosti a různosti ve vzdělávání a na základě diskuse výběru odborných textů představit klíčové teoretické a praktické problémy ovlivňující spravedlnost vzdělávání v Polsku. Každý projekt zaměřený na spravedlnost ve vzdělávání musí čelit dialektice rovnosti a různosti ve vzdělávání. V historické perspektivě lze jasně vysledovat evoluci modernistického pojetí rovnosti ve vzdělávání. Základem této evoluce byla změna v chápání různosti: od chápání rovnosti jako stejnosti a důrazu na standardizované praktiky ve vzdělávání (jednotná škola; ačkoliv byla ovlivněna myšlenkou národa – Gellner – a skrytým genderovým, třídním, rasovým a etnickým dělením), přes segregaci a selekci na základě různých rozdílů, až po dnešní chápání rovnosti jako přijímání rozdílů a snahy o rovnováhu mezi citlivostí k rozdílům a spravedlivým přístupem ke všem bez ohledu na tyto rozdíly. Toto poslední pojetí dialektiky mezi rovností a růzností tvoří základ spravedlivého vzdělávání, které je podle autorky jedním z prostředků sociální inkluze. Je ale potřeba diskutovat tři překážky efektivní implementace této myšlenky. Zaprvé, vzdělávání jako oblast (Bourdieu) má specifický charakter. Je těžké sladit nutnost přetvářet lidi v souladu s přednastavenými cíli, testování a hierarchickou strukturu samotného procesu vzdělávání s výše uvedeným chápáním rovnosti. Dalším problémem je neoliberální logika trhu, která prohlubuje třídní rozdíly ve struktuře vzdělávacího systému (tj. rozdělení na státní a soukromé školy) a vytváří rozdíly mezi státními školami („lepší“ a „horší“ školy), a tak vnucuje všem účastníkům vzdělávání, kteří se snažit naplnit dané cíle, rivalitu a extrémní individualizaci (neboli soutěž kulturního kapitálu). Třetím problémem je nesoulad mezi obsahem kurikula a učebnic a diskursem rovnosti. Tento problém je v naší studii ilustrován na příkladu Polska a tamějších výzkumů obsahu učebnic.
New contributions for the flora allochthonous of Andalusia (South Spain)
Authors: Fuentes Julián , Cueto Miguel
Published: May 2017

Se aportan 18 citas, para 13 taxones de origen alóctono asilvestradas en Andalucía, donde representan novedad, además de dar “alerta temprana” sobre posibles invasiones biológicas.

18 records for 13 naturalized allochthonous taxa in Andalusia are recorded, where represent a novelty, besides giving "early warning" on possible biological invasions.
Dolutegravir–lamivudine as initial therapy in HIV‐1 infected, ARV‐naive patients, 48‐week results of the PADDLE (Pilot Antiretroviral Design with Dolutegravir LamivudinE) study
Authors: Cahn Pedro , Rolón María José , Figueroa María Inés , Gun Ana , Patterson Patricia , Sued Omar
Published: May 2017

Introduction: A proof‐of‐concept study was designed to evaluate the antiviral efficacy, safety and tolerability of a two‐drug regimen with dolutegravir 50 mg once daily (QD) plus lamivudine 300 mg once daily as initial highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) among antiretroviral (ARV)‐naive patients.

Methods: PADDLE is a pilot study including 20 treatment‐naive adults. To be selected, participants had no IAS‐USA‐defined resistance, HIV‐1 RNA ≤100,000 copies/mL at screening and negative HBsAg. Plasma viral load (pVL) was measured at baseline; days 2, 4, 7, 10, 14, 21 and 28; weeks 6, 8 and 12; and thereafter every 12 weeks up to 96 weeks. Primary endpoint was the proportion of patients with HIV‐1 RNA <50 copies/mL in an intention to treat (ITT)‐exposed analysis at 48 weeks (the FDA snapshot algorithm).

Results: Median HIV‐1 RNA at entry was 24,128 copies/mL (interquartile range (IQR): 11,686–36,794). Albeit as per protocol, all patients had pVL ≤100,000 copies/mL at screening as required by inclusion criteria, four patients had ≥100,000 copies/mL at baseline. Median baseline CD4+ T‐cell count was 507 per cubic millimetre (IQR: 296–517). A rapid decline in pVL was observed (median VL decay from baseline to week 12 was 2.74 logs). All patients were suppressed at week 8 onwards up to week 24. At week 48, 90% (18/20) reached the primary endpoint of a pVL <50 copies/mL. Median change in CD4 cell count between baseline and week 48 was 267 cells/mm3 (IQR: 180–462). No major tolerability/toxicity issues were observed. Nineteen patients completed 48 weeks of the study, and one patient (with undetectable VL at last visit) committed suicide. One patient presented a low‐level protocol‐defined confirmed virological failure at week 36, being the only observed failure. This patient had pVL <50 copies/mL at the end‐of‐study visit without having changed the two‐drug regimen. Observed failure rate was 5%. This is the first report of integrase strand transfer inhibitor/lamivudine dual regimen in ARV‐naive patients.

Conclusions: This novel dual regimen of dolutegravir and lamivudine warrants further clinical research and consideration as a potential therapeutic option for ARV‐therapy‐naive patients.

ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02211482.
Voltage-gated Na+ currents in human dorsal root ganglion neurons
Authors: Zhang Xiulin , Priest Birgit T , Belfer Inna , Gold Michael S
Published: May 2017

Available evidence indicates voltage-gated Na+ channels (VGSCs) in peripheral sensory neurons are essential for the pain and hypersensitivity associated with tissue injury. However, our understanding of the biophysical and pharmacological properties of the channels in sensory neurons is largely based on the study of heterologous systems or rodent tissue, despite evidence that both expression systems and species differences influence these properties. Therefore, we sought to determine the extent to which the biophysical and pharmacological properties of VGSCs were comparable in rat and human sensory neurons. Whole cell patch clamp techniques were used to study Na+ currents in acutely dissociated neurons from human and rat. Our results indicate that while the two major current types, generally referred to as tetrodotoxin (TTX)-sensitive and TTX-resistant were qualitatively similar in neurons from rats and humans, there were several differences that have important implications for drug development as well as our understanding of pain mechanisms.
Macrophages are necessary for epimorphic regeneration in African spiny mice
Authors: Simkin Jennifer , Gawriluk Thomas R , Gensel John C , Seifert Ashley W
Published: May 2017

How the immune system affects tissue regeneration is not well understood. In this study, we used an emerging mammalian model of epimorphic regeneration, the African spiny mouse, to examine cell-based inflammation and tested the hypothesis that macrophages are necessary for regeneration. By directly comparing inflammatory cell activation in a 4 mm ear injury during regeneration (Acomys cahirinus) and scarring (Mus musculus), we found that both species exhibited an acute inflammatory response, with scarring characterized by stronger myeloperoxidase activity. In contrast, ROS production was stronger and more persistent during regeneration. By depleting macrophages during injury, we demonstrate a functional requirement for these cells to stimulate regeneration. Importantly, the spatial distribution of activated macrophage subtypes was unique during regeneration with pro-inflammatory macrophages failing to infiltrate the regeneration blastema. Together, our results demonstrate an essential role for inflammatory cells to regulate a regenerative response.
A bioactive peptide amidating enzyme is required for ciliogenesis
Authors: Kumar Dhivya , Strenkert Daniela , Patel-King Ramila S , Leonard Michael T , Merchant Sabeeha S , Mains Richard E , King Stephen M , Eipper Betty A
Published: May 2017

The pathways controlling cilium biogenesis in different cell types have not been fully elucidated. We recently identified peptidylglycine α-amidating monooxygenase (PAM), an enzyme required for generating amidated bioactive signaling peptides, in Chlamydomonas and mammalian cilia. Here, we show that PAM is required for the normal assembly of motile and primary cilia in Chlamydomonas, planaria and mice. Chlamydomonas PAM knockdown lines failed to assemble cilia beyond the transition zone, had abnormal Golgi architecture and altered levels of cilia assembly components. Decreased PAM gene expression reduced motile ciliary density on the ventral surface of planaria and resulted in the appearance of cytosolic axonemes lacking a ciliary membrane. The architecture of primary cilia on neuroepithelial cells in Pam-/- mouse embryos was also aberrant. Our data suggest that PAM activity and alterations in post-Golgi trafficking contribute to the observed ciliogenesis defects and provide an unanticipated, highly conserved link between PAM, amidation and ciliary assembly.
Plasmodium P36 determines host cell receptor usage during sporozoite invasion
Authors: Manzoni Giulia , Marinach Carine , Topçu Selma , Briquet Sylvie , Grand Morgane , Tolle Matthieu , Gransagne Marion , Lescar Julien , Andolina Chiara , Franetich Jean-François , Zeisel Mirjam B , Huby Thierry , Rubinstein Eric , Snounou Georges , Mazier Dominique , Nosten François , Baumert Thomas F , Silvie Olivier
Published: May 2017

Plasmodium sporozoites, the mosquito-transmitted forms of the malaria parasite, first infect the liver for an initial round of replication before the emergence of pathogenic blood stages. Sporozoites represent attractive targets for antimalarial preventive strategies, yet the mechanisms of parasite entry into hepatocytes remain poorly understood. Here we show that the two main species causing malaria in humans, Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax, rely on two distinct host cell surface proteins, CD81 and the Scavenger Receptor BI (SR-BI), respectively, to infect hepatocytes. By contrast, CD81 and SR-BI fulfil redundant functions during infection by the rodent parasite P. berghei. Genetic analysis of sporozoite factors reveals the 6-cysteine domain protein P36 as a major parasite determinant of host cell receptor usage. Our data provide molecular insights into the invasion pathways used by different malaria parasites to infect hepatocytes, and establish a functional link between a sporozoite putative ligand and host cell receptors.
An Analysis of Images of Contention and Violence in Dagara and Akan Proverbial Expressions
Authors: Kyiileyang Martin , Ama Debrah Michelle , Williams Rebecca
Published: May 2017

Proverbial expressions have typical linguistic and figurative features. These are normally captivating to the listener. The expressive culture of the Dagara and Akan societies is embellished by these proverbial expressions. Most African proverbs, express various images depicting both pleasant and unpleasant situations in life. Unpleasant language normally depicts several terrifying images particularly when threats, insults and other forms of abuse are traded vehemently. Dagara and Akan proverbs are no exceptions to this phenomenon. This paper seeks to examine images of contention and violence depicted in Akan and Dagara proverbial expressions. To achieve this, a variety of proverbs from Akan and Dagara were analysed for their meanings using Yankah’s and Honeck’s Theories. The result revealed that structurally, as with many proverbs, the Akan and Dagara proverbial expressions are pithy and terse. The most dominant images of contention and violence in these expressions expose negative values and perceptions about the people who speak these languages.
Exercise and dietary program-induced weight reduction is associated with cognitive function among obese adolescents: a longitudinal study
Authors: Xie Chun , Wang Xiaochun , Zhou Chenglin , Xu Chang , Chang Yu-Kai
Published: May 2017

Objective

The present study was to determine the effect of a combined exercise and dietary program on cognitive function as well as the relationship between the program-induced weight change and cognitive function alterations.

Design

The study applies a quasi-experimental design.

Methods

Fifty-eight adolescents with obese status (body mass index, BMI >28 kg/m2) were assigned to either an experiment (n = 30) or control group (n = 28). Participants in the experiment group received a scheduled program with a specific exercise protocol (two sessions per day, six days per week) and diet plan for four consecutive weeks; the control group was instructed to maintain their normal school activities. The primary outcome measures were anthropometric data and flanker task performance.

Results

The combined program led to reduced BMI with maintenance of the incongruent accuracy in the experiment group, but the incongruent accuracy decreased in the control group after the four-week period. Additionally, the change in weight status between post- and pre-test measurements was inversely correlated with the change in incongruent accuracy.

Conclusion

The combined exercise and dietary program resulted in decreased weight and enhanced executive function in the obese adolescents, and the weight alteration may be considered the mediator between the intervention and executive function.
Reappraisal of the extinct seal “Phoca”vitulinoidesfrom the Neogene of the North Sea Basin, with bearing on its geological age, phylogenetic affinities, and locomotion
Authors: Dewaele Leonard , Amson Eli , Lambert Olivier , Louwye Stephen
Published: May 2017

Background

Discovered on the southern margin of the North Sea Basin, “Phoca”vitulinoidesrepresents one of the best-known extinct species of Phocidae. However, little attention has been given to the species ever since its original 19th century description. Newly discovered material, including the most complete specimen of fossil Phocidae from the North Sea Basin, prompted the redescription of the species. Also, the type material of “Phoca”vitulinoidesis lost.

Methods

“Phoca”vitulinoidesis redescribed. Its phylogenetic position among Phocinae is assessed through phylogenetic analysis. Dinoflagellate cyst biostratigraphy is used to determine and reassess the geological age of the species. Myological descriptions of extant taxa are used to infer muscle attachments, and basic comparative anatomy of the gross morphology and biomechanics are applied to reconstruct locomotion.

Results

Detailed redescription of “Phoca”vitulinoidesindicates relatively little affinities with the genusPhoca, but rather asks for the establishment of a new genus:Nanophocagen. nov. Hence, “Phoca”vitulinoidesis recombined intoNanophoca vitulinoides. This reassignment is confirmed by the phylogenetic analysis, grouping the genusNanophocaand other extinct phocine taxa as stem phocines. Biostratigraphy and lithostratigraphy expand the known stratigraphic range ofN. vitulinoidesfrom the late Langhian to the late Serravallian. The osteological anatomy ofN. vitulinoidesindicates a relatively strong development of muscles used for fore flipper propulsion and increased flexibility for the hind flipper.

Discussion

The extended stratigraphic range ofN. vitulinoidesinto the middle Miocene confirms relatively early diversification of Phocinae in the North Atlantic. Morphological features on the fore- and hindlimb of the species point toward an increased use of the fore flipper and greater flexibility of the hind flipper as compared to extant Phocinae, clearly indicating less derived locomotor strategies in this Miocene phocine species. Estimations of the overall body size indicate thatN. vitulinoidesis much smaller thanPusa, the smallest extant genus of Phocinae (and Phocidae), and than most extinct phocines.
PODCAST PARA SURDOS?! A “ESCRITA ORAL” DE UMA TECNOLOGIA EDUCATIVA
Authors: Freire Eugênio Paccelli Aguiar
Published: May 2017

O podcast para surdos, por consistir na transcrição das falas dos programas, acaba por superar as definições educacionais vigentes, que, ao analisar o podcast, entende-o como uma ferramenta caracterizada pelo uso do áudio digital. Assim, desenvolve-se na área uma significativa lacuna: como definir a natureza de um podcast que suplanta seu meio tecnológico? Este artigo busca responder tal questão por meio de uma pesquisa documental, almejando atualizar o pensamento do podcast para dar conta de sua apropriação educativa inclusiva. Para isso, serão relacionados diferentes referenciais teóricos na análise desenvolvida. Ao final, chegou-se a uma concepção que considera o podcast em suas esferas sonoras e textuais não como uma tecnologia de áudio, mas de oralidade.
APRESENTAÇÃO
Authors: Ribeiro Eduardo Augusto Werneck
Published: May 2017

EDUCAÇÃO E DESENVOLVIMENTO SUSTENTÁVEL: CENÁRIOS E DESAFIOS NA CONTEMPORANEIDADE
O PNBE E AS BIBLIOTECAS ESCOLARES DE OURO PRETO – MG
Authors: Junqueira Renata
Published: May 2017

Este artigo tem por objetivo mapear e analisar a ampliação e circulação do acervo das bibliotecas escolares no município de Ouro Preto/MG, a partir da política pública Programa Nacional Biblioteca da Escola - PNBE. Para tanto, foi realizada uma pesquisa exploratória, por meio de contato e entrevistas com 30 escolas situadas no município. A partir dos dados coletados, realizamos uma pesquisa sobre as práticas de letramento literário que vêm sendo desenvolvidas nesses espaços. Parte-se do princípio de que as bibliotecas escolares são agências de letramentos que têm por função contribuir com os trabalhos realizados por professores para promoção da leitura literária. Os resultados apontam dificuldades de acesso aos livros do PNBE, por professores e alunos, e a falta de uma política interna de divulgação dos livros.