bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Yuri Lotman: On problems of language and linguistics
Authors: Zolyan Suren
Published: February 2022

We attempt to systemize Yu. M. Lotman’s views on language and linguistics. “Language” is one of his most used terms. Lotman’s vision is based on the postulates of Saussurean linguistics, mainly in the version of Prague structuralism. At the same time, Lotman off ers a new look at solving the language speech dichotomy. He outlines the possibilities of an alternative conception, where the function of meaning-generation (rather than meaning-preservation) is considered dominant in information transmission. Pointing out to the inadequacy of linguistic methods in describing the processes of textual implementation of the language system, Lotman proposes several solutions that create the possibility of a neo-structuralist version of linguistics. It develops the tradition of the system-structural approach to language; the formalism of such approach is complemented by constructivism to describe communication and meaning-production processes.
АНАЛИЗ СТРУКТУРЫ ЭЛОНГАЦИОННЫХ КОМПЛЕКСОВ В ПОЛИАКРИЛАМИДНОМ ГЕЛЕ МЕТОДОМ ФЁРСТЕРОВСКОГО РЕЗОНАНСНОГО ПЕРЕНОСА ЭНЕРГИИ
Authors:   Московский государственный университет имени М.В. Ломоносова, Н.С. Герасимова , А.Н. Коровина ,   Московский государственный университет имени М.В. Ломоносова, Д.А. Афонин ,   Московский государственный университет имени М.В. Ломоносова, К.В. Шайтан ,   Московский государственный университет имени М.В. Ломоносова, А.В. Феофанов ,   Московский государственный университет имени М.В. Ломоносова, В.М. Студитский ,   Московский государственный университет имени М.В. Ломоносова,   Центр исследований рака Фокс Чейз
Published: February 2022

Для изучения структурных особенностей остановленных элонгационных комплексов, формирующихся в ходе транскрипции нуклеосом РНК-полимеразой 2, предложено использовать подход, основанный на измерении эффективности фёрстеровского резонансного переноса энергии в полиакриламидном геле после разделения интермедиатов транскрипции методом электрофореза. Флуоресцентно-меченые нуклеосомы были получены путем введения пары флуорофоров (донора и акцептора) в соседние супервитки нуклеосомной ДНК. Остановленные элонгационные комплексы формировали, проводя транскрипцию нуклеосом в присутствии ограниченного набора нуклеозидтрифосфатов. Сравнительный анализ эффективности фёрстеровского резонансного переноса энергии для свободных нуклеосом и полученных на их основе элонгационных комплексов с РНК-полимеразой 2 выявил изменение структуры нуклеосом в составе элонгационных комплексов. Показано, что элонгационные комплексы с одинаковой длиной РНК могут существовать в различных конформационных состояниях.
НОВАЯ ИНТЕРПРЕТАЦИЯ КОЭФФИЦИЕНТА ХИЛЛА
Authors:   Воронежский государственный университет, И.А. Лавриненко , Г.А. Вашанов ,   Воронежский государственный университет, Ю.Д. Нечипуренко ,   Институт молекулярной биологии им. В.А. Энгельгардта РАН
Published: February 2022

Предложена модификация уравнения Хилла, описывающего процесс кооперативного связывания макромолекулой лиганда. Вводимый нами в это уравнение параметр «относительный коэффициент кооперативности» позволяет обеспечить сопряжение коэффициента Хилла с числом взаимодействующих субъединиц в олигомере. Это позволяет прояснить физический смысл данного коэффициента и объясняет природу его нецелочисленных значений. Нормирование относительного коэффициента кооперативности даeт дополнительную возможность сопоставлять такие коэффициенты для олигомеров с различным числом протомеров. Предлагаемый относительный коэффициент кооперативности может быть полезным при решении широкого круга задач, связанных с описанием согласованного взаимодействия элементов на всех уровнях пространственной организации белков, нуклеиновых кислот, их комплексов, а также такого взаимодействия для рецепторов и их медиаторов.
МАТЕМАТИЧЕСКИЙ АНАЛИЗ МОДЕЛИ ЭПИДЕМИИ COVID-19 С ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЕМ ДАННЫХ ЭПИДЕМИОЛОГИЧЕСКИХ ПАРАМЕТРОВ БОЛЕЗНЕЙ, РАСПРОСТРАНЕННЫХ В ИНДИИ
Authors:   Высшая школа Чандрахати Дилип Кумар, Д. Пал , Д. Гхош ,   Национальный технологический институт Пудучерри, П.К. Сантра ,   Технологический университет имени Азада Маулана Абул Калама, Г.С. Махапатра ,   Национальный технологический институт Пудучерри
Published: February 2022

Сделана попытка описания вспышки возбудителя тяжелого острого респираторного синдрома SARS-CoV 2 (COVID-19) с помощью эпидемической модели. Вирус имеет различные проявления в разных странах. а количество новых подтвержденных случаев коронавирусной инфекции стремительно увеличивается по всему земному шару. Индия сейчас проходит вторую стадию распространения COVID-19, которая очень быстро примет характер эпидемии, если не будут предприняты надлежащие меры защиты, основанные на базе данных передачи заболевания. В данной работе текущие данные по COVID-19 были использованы для математического моделирования с последующим анализом динамики. Предложен новый тип представления данных для оценки и контроля инфекционного заболевания COVID-19 через модель пандемии SEQIR, которая основана на предложении отправлять на карантин на время инкубационного периода инфицированных людей, у которых инфекция не определяется по результатам анализа. В течение инкубационного периода, если кто-либо из людей инфицируется COVID-19, их изолируют, и применяется необходимое лечение, чтобы они не заражали других жителей местности. Динамика модели SEQIR представлена основным числом воспроизведения R0 и детальным анализом стабильности. Численные результаты приводятся на графиках по данным пяти штатов и всей Индии.
О МЕХАНИЗМЕ ДЕЙСТВИЯ МИКРОВОЛН НА ЧЛЕНИСТОНОГИХ
Authors:   Пермский государственный национальный исследовательский университет, Б.Л. Ихлов , И.Л. Вольхин ,   Пермский государственный национальный исследовательский университет, А.Ю. Ощепков ,   Пермский государственный национальный исследовательский университет
Published: February 2022

Целью работы было изучение воздействия слабых микроволн на жесткокрылых и паукообразных (жуки Stegobium paniceum, жуки Nauphoeta cinerea и клещи Dermacentor silvarum). Использовали высокочастотный генератор электромагнитного излучения, облучение проводили как при тепловом уровне плотности потока мощности (0.38 Вт/см3), так и нетепловом уровне плотности потока мощности (0.25 мВт/см3 и 0.17 Вт/см3, время экспозиции - от двух десятков секунд до суток. Обнаружено, что сверхвысокочастотное поле за время экспозиции гарантированно уничтожает Stegobium paniceum, Nauphoeta cinerea и Dermacentor silvarum, слабое сверхвысокочастотное поле оказывает на жесткокрылых угнетающее действие, некоторые частоты поля с плотностью потока мощности 0.17 Вт/см3 затормаживают развитие личинок, действие электромагнитного поля резонансной частоты приводит к гибели жесткокрылых и паукообразных.
ИССЛЕДОВАНИЕ СУММАРНОГО УРОВНЯ ГЛУТАМАТА И ГЛУТАМИНА В ЗРИТЕЛЬНОЙ КОРЕ ЧЕЛОВЕКА ПОСЛЕ КОРОТКОЙ АКТИВАЦИИ МЕТОДОМ ФУНКЦИОНАЛЬНОЙ МАГНИТНО-РЕЗОНАНСНОЙ СПЕКТРОСКОПИИ
Authors:   НИИ неотложной детской хирургии и травматологии, А. Яковлев ,   Федеральный исследовательский центр химической физики им. Н.Н. Семенова РАН,   Институт биохимической физики им. Н.М. Эмануэля РАН, А. Мажурцев ,   НИИ неотложной детской хирургии и травматологии,   Институт биохимической физики им. Н.М. Эмануэля РАН,   Московский государственный университет имени М.В. Ломоносова, П. Меньщиков ,   Федеральный исследовательский центр химической физики им. Н.Н. Семенова РАН,   Philips Healthcare, М. Ублинский ,   НИИ неотложной детской хирургии и травматологии,   Институт биохимической физики им. Н.М. Эмануэля РАН, И. Мельников ,   НИИ неотложной детской хирургии и травматологии, Д. Куприянов ,   Philips Healthcare, Т. Ахадов ,   НИИ неотложной детской хирургии и травматологии,   Московский государственный университет имени М.В. Ломоносова, Н. Семенова ,   НИИ неотложной детской хирургии и травматологии,   Федеральный исследовательский центр химической физики им. Н.Н. Семенова РАН,   Институт биохимической физики им. Н.М. Эмануэля РАН,   Московский государственный университет имени М.В. Ломоносова
Published: February 2022

Методом функциональной магнитно-резонансной спектроскопии в магнитном поле 3 Тл с временным разрешением 2 с исследована динамика суммарного уровня глутамата и глутамина в затылочной коре мозга человека в периоде зависящего от уровня оксигенации крови ответа на короткую (3 с) зрительную стимуляцию. Обнаружено статистически достоверное увеличение содержания глутамата и глутамина на первой и пятнадцатой секундах после предъявления 25 испытуемым волонтерам изображения шахматной доски, мерцающей с частотой 4 Гц. Корреляциz между максимумом амплитуды зависящего от уровня оксигенации крови ответа и максимумами уровня глутамата и глутамина не выявленf. Изменения суммарного уровня глутамата и глутамина во времени после стимула не соответствуют скорости оборота глутамин-глутаматного цикла, но согласуются с временными характеристиками везикулярного цикла: высвобождением глутамина из везикул и его обратным захватом. Таким образом, можно полагать, что обнаруженная динамика глутамата и глутамина обусловлена не метаболическими превращениями в цикле нейромедиаторов, а изменением подвижности глутамина при выходе из везикул и обратной упаковке.
РЕЗОНАНСНОЕ СКАНИРОВАНИЕ И АНАЛИЗ ЭЛЕКТРОЭНЦЕФАЛОГРАММЫ ПРИ ОПРЕДЕЛЕНИИ ЗРЕЛОСТИ КОРКОВОЙ РИТМИКИ У МЛАДШИХ ШКОЛЬНИКОВ
Authors:   Нижегородский государственный университет им. Н.И. Лобачевского, Л.В. Савчук , С.А. Полевая ,   Нижегородский государственный университет им. Н.И. Лобачевского, С.Б. Парин ,   Нижегородский государственный университет им. Н.И. Лобачевского, А.Т. Бондарь ,   Институт биофизики клетки РАН - обособленное подразделение ФИЦ «Пущинский научный центр биологических исследований РАН», А.И. Федотчев ,   Институт биофизики клетки РАН - обособленное подразделение ФИЦ «Пущинский научный центр биологических исследований РАН»
Published: February 2022

Экспериментально тестируется возможность оценки уровней активности резонансных и адаптационных механизмов и механизмов нейропластичности у школьников семи-восьми лет путем резонансного сканирования и анализа электроэнцефалограммы. При ритмической фотостимуляции с увеличивающейся от 4 до 15 Гц частотой у каждого школьника оценивали наличие электроэнцефалограммных реакций усвоения ритма (резонанс на частоте стимуляции) и реакций мультипликации ритма (резонанс на кратных частотах), а также сформированность и устойчивость альфа-диапазона электроэнцефалограммы. Предложен индекс зрелости корковой ритмики как индивидуальная сумма этих признаков. Установлено, что между индексом зрелости корковой ритмики и уровнем выполнения теста Тулуз-Пьерона, оценивающим когнитивные и исполнительские функции ребенка, существует тесная взаимосвязь. Эти показатели достоверно отличались от контроля у групп школьников, демонстрирующих отклонения от нормы и признаки школьной дезадаптации. Полученные данные свидетельствуют, что индекс зрелости корковой ритмики может служить маркером готовности ребенка к обучению в школе.
К БИОФИЗИКЕ ЭВОЛЮЦИИ ИНТЕЛЛЕКТУАЛЬНЫХ СИСТЕМ
Authors:   Кубанский государственный университет, А.Л. Еремин ,   Кубанский медицинский институт,   Научно-исследовательский институт гигиены и экологии
Published: February 2022

Прошло 150 лет с первой публикации, посвященной ноогенезу - эволюции интеллекта. Но только в XXI веке благодаря результатам фундаментальным исследований в физике, биологии, медицине и междисциплинарных сферах стало возможным определение количественных измерений некоторых параметров, способствующих в естественных науках пониманию эволюции интеллектуальных систем. Анализ параметров интеллектуальных систем, закономерностей появления и эволюции, отличительных черт, констант и лимитов их структур и функций, продемонстрировал: измеряемость и сравнительный анализ развертки скорости коммуникаций (~100 м/с - 300 млн м/с); квантификация количества компонентов интеллектуальных систем (10-100 млрд); подсчет связей, обеспечивающих кооперацию (от 150 до 1 трлн связей). Синтез моделей может иметь прогностическую ценность при изучении феномена происхождения и эволюции: мозга, как популяции нейронов в ходе биологической эволюции Homo sapiens с появлением мышления; мозга каждого человека при индивидуальном анатомо-физиологическом развитии с появлением творчества, мысли, сознания, идеи, инсайта, интуиции, эврики; «ноо» в гипотезе морфофункциональной эволюции популяции человечества.
EU’s Innovative “Missions” and Convergence Tools to ensure the “Twin Transition” towards Smart Cities and Communities
Authors:   ", Patrascu Cristina ,   Dunarea de jos",   University of Galati, Romania
Published: February 2022

The present article proposes an analysis of the convergence tools in the domain of the „twin transition”, namely the digital and green (ecological) transition, considered vital in ensuring a sustainable development and a better life for citizens across the European Union. The focus will be placed on the main legislative instruments created by EU’s institutions to secure a coordinated and uniform implementation of the UN’s sustainable development goals, as well as EU’s commitment to create climate-neutral and smart cities and communities.
POPULASI DAN TINGKAT SERANGAN SPODOPTERA FRUGIPERDA PADA TANAMAN JAGUNG DI DESA TULO KABUPATEN SIGI
Authors: Arfan  , If'all  , Jumardin  , Noer Hasmari , Sumarni
Published: February 2022

Spodoptera frugiperda is a new pest in Central Sulawesi attacks maize crops. It was reported in 2019, known in Sigi, Donggala, Touna, Bangga, Tolitoli, Buol, and Palu City Regencies. Also, this pest is spreading rapidly by threatening maize production in Central Sulawesi. This study aims to measure the population and intensity of Spodoptera frugiperda attacks on maizes in Tulo Village, Dolo Sub-district, Sigi Regency. The study, conducted from January to March 2020, used a survey method and selected sampling. Our location takes each plot measuring 2x2 m. Population observations were carried out by collecting larvae found in the sample plants. The attack's intensity was carried out by counting the number of leaves showing symptoms of an attack on the top leaves. Calculation of the proportion of attacks was carried out by the Davis method. The results showed that the highest S. frugiperda population at the age of 14 days after planting. The intensity of S. frugiperda attack on maize was relatively high at the age of 42 days after planting, with an average attack of 65.24%. Climatic data during this period, an average of 28.76-29.43 ℃ with air influence was 71.1-72%.
APLIKASI BERBAGAI KONSENTRASI GIBERELIN DAN KOMPOSISI MEDIA AKAR PAKIS PADA PERTUMBUHAN DAN HASIL PANEN TANAMAN KAILAN (Brassica oleracea L.)
Authors: Muzahid Nawang Nurfaizi , Karno  , Anwar Syaiful
Published: February 2022

Penelitian dilakukan di rumah kaca mini yang terletak di Babakan, Bogor, Jawa Barat dan Laboratorium Fisiologi dan Pemuliaan Tumbuhan Fakultas Peternakan dan Pertanian Universitas Diponegoro, dari bulan Desember 2021 sampai dengan Februari 2021. hormon giberelin dan penambahan akar pakis sebagai media tanam terhadap pertumbuhan dan produksi brokoli cina (Brassica oleracea L.). Penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) pola faktorial 4x3 dengan 5 ulangan. Faktor pertama adalah konsentrasi hormon giberelin (H): H0 (0 ppm), H1 (50 ppm), H2 (100 ppm), dan H3 (150 ppm). Faktor kedua adalah penambahan akar pakis sebagai media tanam (A) : A0 (tanpa akar pakis), A1 (1 lapis akar pakis), dan A2 (2 lapis akar pakis). Parameter yang diamati adalah kenampakan tunas pertama, tinggi tanaman, jumlah daun, diameter batang, luas daun, bobot segar total, bobot segar konsumsi, bobot segar akar, bobot kering total, bobot kering tajuk tanaman, bobot kering akar dan persentase massa kering. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pemberian hormon giberelin konsentrasi 150 ppm dan tanpa penambahan akar pakis memberikan hasil terbaik pada bobot segar total dan bobot segar konsumsi. Hasil penelitian juga menunjukkan bahwa konsentrasi hormon giberelin 0 ppm dan 1 lapis akar tumbuhan paku memberikan hasil persentase massa kering yang paling baik.
KARAKTERISTIK KIMIA DAN ORGANOLEPTIK VIRGIN COCONUT OIL PADA BERBAGAI PENAMBAHAN RAGI TEMPE
Authors: Asrawaty  , Fathurahmi Sitti , Spetriani  , Ridwan
Published: February 2022

Penelitian bertujuan mengetahui dan mempelajari tentang karakteristik kimia dan organoleptik terhadap penambahan ragi tempe pada pembuatan VCO. Rancangan digunakan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dua faktor, yaitu penambahan ragi tempe dan lama waktu fermentasi yang terdiri dari 6 level (Kanil+ragi tempe), yaitu: P1=500 mL + 8 g (12 jam), P2= 500 mL + 10 g (12 jam), P3= 500 mL + 12 g (12 jam), P4= 500 mL + ragi tempe 8 (24 jam), P5= 500 mL + 10g (24 jam), dan P6= 500 mL + 12g (24 jam). Untuk mengetahui pengaruh perlakuan yang dicobakan, maka dilakukan uji keragaman. Bila hasil uji keragaman menunjukan pengaruh nyata, maka dilanjutkan dengan uji beda nyata terkecil (BNT). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan berbagai kadar ragi tempe dan lama fermentasi berpengaruh nyata terhadap kadar air, uji organoleptik aroma dan warna VCO.  Kadar air VCO terendah diperoleh pada perlakuan ragi tempe 12g lama fermentasi 12jam, yakni rata-rata 0,12g. Hasil uji kesukaan terhadap aroma dan warna VCO tertinggi terdapat pada pelakuan ragi tempe 8g lama fermentasi 24jam, yakni rata-rata 3,64 (agak suka) dan 4,00 (suka).
Analysis of public managers' attitudes toward constraints for implementation of public sector accounting reform in Croatia
Authors: Hladika Mirjana
Published: February 2022

Applied accounting basis affects the scope of accounting information that are presented in the financial statements and it indicates the financial position and performance of a business entity in a given period. For many years, accrual basis for accounting has been applied in the private sector, but in the public sector full application of accrual basis is still rare and insufficiently represented. This paper investigates and analyses the constraints for the implementation of public sector accounting reform and for the implementation of the accrual basis in public sector accounting. The research was conducted through a survey questionnaire on a sample of 130 budgetary users in 2012 and 242 budgetary users in 2018 in Croatia. Respondents were public managers. Research results showed that the most significant constraints for public sector accounting reform can be summarised in four groups: human resources, financial resources, IT support and long duration and complexity of the process. Public sector managers evaluated financial resources as the most significant constraint. The scientific contribution of this paper is reflected in the supplementation of the literature on public sector accounting reform since it systematically investigates and analyses the constraints that occur in the processes of reform. In addition, scientific contribution is contained in presenting the results of the primary research about the constraints for the implementation of public sector accounting reform and the implementation of the accrual basis in public sector accounting in Croatia.
DE CORSARIOS, MARES Y COSTAS. El corso en la construcción del espacio y experiencias marítimas en el Golfo-Caribe, 1527-1620
Authors: de la O Torres Rodrigo Alejandro
Published: February 2022

Nuestro propósito es incursionar en el estudio del fenómeno de la piratería privilegiando el ámbito espacial. Dicho de otra forma, ¿cuál fue el papel del fenómeno de la piratería en la construcción social de la mar océano?, ¿cuáles fueron las dimensiones de ese proceso histórico y cómo se desarrolló éste?, ¿quiénes eran y qué vivieron los sujetos sociales que participaron en todo ello? Sostendremos a lo largo del texto que el fenómeno intervino de manera relevante en la configuración histórica del ámbito marítimo del nuevo mundo, de modo específico el correspondiente a la región Golfo-Caribe durante la centuria decimosexta. Esta dinámica fue multidimensional y compleja debido a la injerencia de los poderes reales de Europa, cuyas interacciones dieron soporte al corso para ser implementado como instrumento mercantil y político en las disputas acaecidas por el océano, particularmente entre España, Francia e Inglaterra. Asimismo, las propias navegaciones galas y anglosajonas, en el contexto histórico colonial del Golfo-Caribe, lograron producir espacio marítimo en aquella parte de América. Además de lo anterior, consideramos la generación de experiencias marítimas de los navegantes y demás hombres que estuvieron relacionados o involucrados, de modo directo o circunstancial, a la actividad corsaria. Nuestra investigación abarca de 1527 a 1620.
SEDEM LET ČLANSTVA V NATU – ALTERNATIVE PRED VSTOPOM IN UČINKI DANES
Authors: KREK UROŠ
Published: February 2022

S članstvom v Natu je Slovenija dosegla enega svojih ključnih političnih ciljev. Pot v zavezništvo je trajala deset let, temeljila je na argumentih, ki so podpirali odlo- čenost, na izpolnjevanju zavez, kar nam je zagotavljalo kredibilnost, in na podpori javnosti. Po sedmih letih članstva je čas za oceno njegovih učinkov, pa tudi prilo- žnost za pogled nazaj na možnosti, ki so nam bile pred dokončno odločitvijo na re- ferendumu na voljo. By becoming a NATO member, Slovenia has implemented one of its key political goals. The road to NATO, however, took ten years and was based on the arguments, which supported our determination, on the fulfilment of commitments that provided us with credibility, and on the public support. After seven years of membership the time has come to asses the effects of the membership as well as to look back at the options which had been available before taking the final decision in the referendum in March 2003.
PROFESIONALNA (SLOVENSKA) VOJSKA?
Authors: PETEK ALENKA
Published: February 2022

Slovenska vojska se je hkrati s prehodom na popolnjevanje s poklicnimi pripa- dniki odločila za profesionalizacijo. Toda poklicna in profesionalna vojska nista sopomenki. Vojaška profesija ima svoje značilnosti, ki izhajajo iz splošnega pojma profesije. Za profesijo so značilni strokovnost, trajno izobraževanje, profesionalna avtonomija in avtoriteta, profesionalna etika in druge značilnosti. Od tega, koliko in kako so te značilnosti izražene v Slovenski vojski, je odvisno, ali je že danes mogoče govoriti o profesionalni vojski ali pa je to za zdaj še dolgoročni cilj, za katerega si prizadeva. Along with the decision for an all-volunteer force the Slovenian Armed Forces are also promoting military professionalism. Military profession is characterized by certain elements that distinguish it as such. Expert knowledge, continuous education, professional autonomy and authority, professional ethics are some of these charac- teristics. Whether at all and to what degree these characteristics are present in the Slovenian Armed Forces today is an indicator to whether professionalism is already a characteristics of the force or still a long-term objective.
UČINKOVITO ZAGOTAVLJANJE VOJAŠKIH ZMOGLJIVOSTI
Authors: KOPAČ ERIK
Published: February 2022

Vladam pri uresničevanju nacionalnovarnostne in obrambne politike že od nekdaj enega največjih izzivov predstavlja, kako zagotoviti vojaške zmogljivosti, med katere štejemo tako osebje, opremo in infrastrukturo kot tudi doktrino delovanja, or - ganizacijo, usposabljanje in podporo. Na novo varnostno okolje se države praviloma odzovejo z oblikovanjem nacionalnih oboroženih sil, ki so se z novimi zmogljivost- mi sposobne zoperstaviti trenutnim in novim grožnjam. Učinkovito zagotavljanje na- cionalnih vojaških zmogljivosti pa zahteva načrten pristop, ki poleg doseganja stra- teških zahtev upošteva še razpoložljive vire. V Republiki Sloveniji so se v zadnjih desetih letih precej izboljšala institucionalna pravila, ki spodbujajo učinkovitejše za- gotavljanje vojaških zmogljivosti. Kljub temu pa se na področju obrambnega plani- ranja in načrtovanja ter vojaških investicij še vedno soočamo s številnimi pomanj- kljivostmi, ki jih bo v prihodnje treba odpraviti. One of the biggest challenges for national governments in implementing national security and defence policy hasalways been the provision of military capabiliti- es, which include personnel, equipment and infrastructure, as well as doctrine of operation, organization, training and support. States generally respond to new security environment by creating national armed forces, which have new capabi- lities available to withstand current and emerging threats. An effective provision of national military capabilities, however, requires a systematic approach which, in addition to strategic requirements, takes into account the available resources. In the Republic of Slovenia, the institutional rules which encourage more efficient provision of military capabilities have substantially improved in the last ten years. Nevertheless, we still face a number of deficiencies in the field of defence planning and military investments, which should in the future be corrected.
Online learning from the higher education studentsâ€™ point of view (Study at a Private University in Central Java Indonesia)
Authors: Yulia Hanita , Paseleng Mila Chrismawati
Published: February 2022

Online learning conducted in some university Â as a result of the COVID 19 pandemic can be said to be a fairly new learning model. It is necessary to know the studentsâ€™ perception toward the online learning. Therefore, this quantitative and qualitative descriptive study aimed at describing studentsâ€™ perceptions of online learning based on their experiences in participating in the online model learning and how the online learning meet their learning needs and expectations. Questionnaires given to 142 students at the Faculty of Information Technology in a private university in Central JavaÂ  were used to collect data, besides interviews and focus group discussion also employed for deeper understanding of student experiences in online learning. The results showed that there was a positive response from students towards online learning. The online learning that had been implemented could accommodate most of studentsâ€™ learning needs and expectations. However, this was strongly influenced by the role of the lecturer in organizing and packaging the online learning. In addition, it required habituation and the ability of students to study independently. The existence of a learning community in online learning was also a factor that can support studentsâ€™ success in participating at the online learning. Technical problems in form of equipment availability and inadequate internet access were the main obstacles in the implementation of online learning. Hopefully, the research results can be used to improve and develop an effective online learning in higher education in the future.
COMPARAÇÃO DE REVESTIMENTO DURO EM FACAS PICADORAS DE CANA-DE-AÇÚCAR NO SETOR SUCROALCOOLEIRO COM ARAME TUBULAR E ELETRODO REVESTIDO
Authors: Andrade José Filho Santos de , Mendes Filipe Rodrigo , Muniz Ventura Junior Antonio Carlos
Published: February 2022

Devido a alta produtividade no setor sucroalcooleiro no Brasil, a manutenção dos seus equipamentos é devidamente necessária, devido ao grande desgaste no período de safra. Um desses equipamentos é a faca picadora de cana de açúcar, que são os primeiros equipamentos a entrar em contato com a cana de açúcar, que vem da colheita junto com várias impurezas que causam desgaste neste equipamento. Com isso é necessário realizar um revestimento para diminuir esse desgaste. Neste artigo foi apresentado dois tipos de revestimento por solda dura para esse equipamento, o processo com eletrodo revestido ESSEN CCR 65, e o processo com arame tubular KST TUB M 630 OA ambos com Ferro (Fe), Cromo (Cr), e Carbono (C) e outros elementos de liga presentes em sua composição. Foram realizados ensaios de dureza, desgaste, e microestrutura nos corpos de prova. O consumível ESSEN CCR 65 obteve o melhor resultado na aplicação do revestimento para desgaste.
UM ESTUDO DAS PRÁTICAS DE REDUÇÃO DE CUSTOS DAS EMPRESAS PRIVADAS EM SEU DIA A DIA
Authors: Lopes Marcela Eduarda Ataide , Santos Silvania Soares da Silva
Published: February 2022

O presente trabalho teve o propósito de analisar as práticas de redução de custos que as empresas do segmento privado utilizam em seu dia a dia, como essas técnicas apresentam relação com a tomada de decisão e planejamento estratégico. Para a metodologia, foi escolhido a pesquisa bibliográfica e qualitativa apresentando dados da literatura brasileira. Dentre as informações coletadas, observou-se a relevância do estudo diante dos benefícios adquiridos direta e indiretamente, aproveitando esse conhecimento para preparar as empresas privadas com um futuro próspero, competitivo e viável, e, por fim, sugere-se estudos futuros que analisem a mesma temática na perspectiva de estudo de caso e multicaso.
Evaluasi Penentuan Tarif Kamar Hotel Dengan Menerapkan Metode Activity Based Costing Pada Hotel Zenith Kendari
Authors: Hadisantoso Erwin , Awaluddin Ishak , Mira Nuka Mira
Published: February 2022

This study aims to determine how the calculation of the Activity Based Costing method in calculating Zenith Hotel room rental rates and to determine the calculation of hotel room rental rates with the Activity Based Costing method and the rates set by the company. The type of data in this research is quantitative data and qualitative data. Sources of data in this study are primary data and secondary data. Data collection techniques in this study were interviews and documentation. Analysis of the data used is descriptive analysis.The results of this study indicate that by using the Activity Based Costing method, it is known that the rates for Superior room types are Rp.220.854,00. For Deluxe rooms Rp.302.904,00. And for the Junior Suite Rp.422.904,00. There is a difference between calculating rates using the Activity Based Costing method and those determined by the company, namely the Activity Based Costing method gives a lower yield by the difference for the Superior room type of Rp.79,146.00, for the Deluxe room type of Rp.47,096.00 and for the junior suite Rp.127,146.00. In this study still has shortcomings in file retrieval because the hotel did not provide detailed cost details but only gave the overall results file. It is expected that further researchers should examine the place or company that can provide more detailed cost information.
Evaluasi Penyajian Laporan Keuangan Berdasarkan Standar Akuntansi Keuangan Entitas Tanpa Akuntabilitas Publik (SAK ETAP) (Studi Kasus Pada BMT Amanah Sultra Cabang Kendari)
Authors: Abdullah Muntu , Safaruddin Safaruddin , Suhartini Suhartini
Published: February 2022

The purpose of this study was to know whether the presentation of the BMT Amanah Southeast Sulawesi Branch Kendari financial statement was in accordance with SAK ETAP. This study was used quantitative and qualitative data, the source of the data are used secondary data and primary data. Data collection methods of this study are used interview and documentation methods using qualitative descriptive analysis.The results of this study showed that BMT Amanah presents only financial reports in the form of a balance sheet and income statement. Whereas the full financial statements are based on SAK ETAP, which consist of the balance sheet, the income statement, the statement of changes in equity, the cash flow reports and the notes to the financial statements. But the posts of the financial statement was presented clearly and in accordance with the SAK ETAP classification. The only anomaly caused by BMT Amanah has never experienced underpayments or overpayments of taxes. The weakness of the Amanah BMT itself in the process of preparing financial statements caused the lack of understanding of financial accounting standards (SAK), lack of training in preparing financial statements and lack of understanding of accounting.Based on the results of this study concluded that the presentation of the BMT Amanah Southeast Sulawesi Branch Kendari financial statement was not fully in accordance with SAK ETAP. This because there was no liability of tax account in BMT Amanah Southeast Sulawesi financial statements. caused the tax was paid by BMT Amanah Southeast Sulawesi was only a corporate income tax of 1% from gross profit. Furthermore, BMT Amanah had never experienced over or underpaid taxes, so liability taxes had never been acclaimed.
Analisis Potensi Penerimaan Pajak Air Tanah Dan Kontribusinya Terhadap Penerimaan Pajak Daerah Kota Kendari
Authors: Dharmawati Tuti , Akib Mulyati , Setiaji Darman
Published: February 2022

This study aims to determine the potential groundwater tax revenue and the contribution of groundwater tax revenue to the Kendari City regional tax revenue in 2015-2018. The type of data used in this study are quantitative and qualitative data, the source of the data used are secondary data and primary data. The data collection method in this research uses interviews, documentation and literature study. Analysis of the data used is descriptive analysis.The results of this study indicate that the potential for groundwater tax revenues is far greater than the realization received by the Kendari City Regional Tax and Retribution Management Agency. There is an increase in the potential for groundwater tax revenue from 2015-2018 by 18% and the contribution of groundwater tax revenue to the Kendari City regional tax revenue from 2015-2018 is categorized as very less contributing with an average value of 0.37%.
A Portable Controllable Compressive Stress Device to Monitor Human Breast Cancer Cell Protrusions at Single-Cell Resolution
Authors: Yeh Chuan-Feng , Juang Duane S. , Chen Ya-Wen , Rodoplu Didem , Hsu Chia-Hsien
Published: February 2022

In vitro devices offer more numerous methods than in vivo models to investigate how cells respond to pressure stress and quantify those responses. Several in vitro devices have been developed to study the cell response to compression force. However, they are unable to observe morphological changes of cells in real-time. There is also a concern about cell damage during the process of harvesting cells from 3D gels. Here we report a device employing transparent, thin gel layers to clamp cells between the interfaces and applied a controllable compression force by stacking multiple layers on the top. In this approach, cells can be monitored for alteration of cellular protrusions, whose diversity has been proven to promote cancer cell dissemination, with single-cell resolution under compression force. Furthermore, p-Rac-1 and rhodamine staining on the device directly to confirm the actin filaments of lamellipodia. The method was able to fulfill real-time live-cell observation at single-cell resolution and can be readily used for versatile cell analysis. MDA-MB-231 and MCF7 breast cancer cells were utilized to demonstrate the utility of the device, and the results showed that the stimuli of compression force induce MDA-MB-231 and MCF7 to form lamellipodia and bleb protrusions, respectively. We envision the device may be used as a tool to explore mechanisms of membrane protrusion transitions and to screen drug candidates for inhibiting cancer cell protrusion plasticity for cancer therapy.
Extracellular Fluid Flow Induces Shallow Quiescence Through Physical and Biochemical Cues
Authors: Liu Bi , Wang Xia , Jiang Linan , Xu Jianhua , Zohar Yitshak , Yao Guang
Published: February 2022

The balance between cell quiescence and proliferation is fundamental to tissue physiology and homeostasis. Recent studies have shown that quiescence is not a passive and homogeneous state but actively maintained and heterogeneous. These cellular characteristics associated with quiescence were observed primarily in cultured cells under a static medium. However, cells in vivo face different microenvironmental conditions, particularly, under interstitial fluid flows distributed through extracellular matrices. Interstitial fluid flow exerts shear stress on cells and matrix strain, and results in continuous replacement of extracellular factors. In this study, we analyzed individual cells under varying fluid flow rates in microfluidic devices. We found quiescence characteristics previously identified under conventional static medium, including serum signal-dependant quiescence entry and exit and time-dependant quiescence deepening, are also present under continuous fluid flow. Furthermore, increasing the flow rate drives cells to shallower quiescence and become more likely to reenter the cell cycle upon growth stimulation. This effect is due to flow-induced physical and biochemical cues. Specifically, increasing shear stress or extracellular factor replacement individually, without altering other parameters, results in shallow quiescence. We show our experimental results can be quantitatively explained by a mathematical model connecting extracellular fluid flow to an Rb-E2f bistable switch that regulates the quiescence-to-proliferation transition. Our findings uncover a previously unappreciated mechanism that likely underlies the heterogeneous responses of quiescent cells for tissue repair and regeneration in different physiological tissue microenvironments.
Benzobisthiadiazole and Its Derivative-Based Semiconducting Polymer Nanoparticles for Second Near-Infrared Photoacoustic Imaging
Authors: Huang Xuelong , Lan Ning , Zhang Yanfeng , Zeng Wei , He Haifeng , Liu Xiuhong
Published: February 2022

Photoacoustic (PA) imaging has received more and more attention on disease diagnosis and fundamental scientific research. It is still challenging to amplify their imaging ability and reduce the toxicity of inorganic materials and exogenous contrast agents. Semiconducting polymer nanoparticles (SPNs), as a new type of contrast agent, have the advantages of low toxicity, flexible structure adjustment, good photostability, and excellent photothermal conversion efficiency. SPNs containing benzo(1,2-c;4,5-c′)bis(1,2,5)thiadiazole (BBT) units, as the most classic second near-infrared window (NIR-II, 1,000–1700 nm) PA contrast agents, can achieve light absorption in the NIR-II region, thereby effectively reducing light loss in biological tissues and improving imaging resolution. This mini review summarizes the recent advances in the design strategy of BBT and its derivative-based semiconducting polymer nanoparticles for second near-infrared photoacoustic imaging. The evolution process of BBT blocks provides a unique perspective for the design of high-performance NIR-II PA contrast agents.
Heart Failure Risk Predictions and Prognostic Factors in Adults With Congenital Heart Diseases
Authors: Leczycki Patryk , Banach Maciej , Maciejewski Marek , Bielecka-Dabrowa Agata
Published: February 2022

In recent decades the number of adults with congenital heart diseases (ACHD) has increased significantly. This entails the need for scrupulous evaluation of the current condition of these patients. The ACHD population is one of the most challenging in contemporary medicine, especially as well-known scales such as the NYHA classification have very limited application. At the moment, there is a lack of universal parameters or scales on the basis of which we can easily capture the moment of deterioration of our ACHD patients' condition. Hence it is crucial to identify factors that are widely available, cheap and easy to use. There are studies showing more and more potential prognostic factors that may be of use in clinical practice: thorough assessment with echocardiography and magnetic resonance imaging (e.g., anatomy, ventricular function, longitudinal strain, shunt lesions, valvular defects, pericardial effusion, and pulmonary hypertension), cardiopulmonary exercise testing (e.g., peak oxygen uptake, ventilatory efficiency, chronotropic incompetence, and saturation) and biomarkers (e.g., N-terminal pro-brain type natriuretic peptide, growth-differentiation factor 15, high-sensitivity troponin T, red cell distribution width, galectin-3, angiopoietin-2, asymmetrical dimethylarginine, and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein). Some of them are very promising, but more research is needed to create a specific panel on the basis of which we will be able to assess patients with specific congenital heart diseases.
The Post-thrombotic Syndrome-Prevention and Treatment: VAS-European Independent Foundation in Angiology/Vascular Medicine Position Paper
Authors: Cosmi Benilde , Stanek Agata , Kozak Matja , Wennberg Paul W. , Kolluri Raghu , Righini Marc , Poredos Pavel , Lichtenberg Michael , Catalano Mariella , De Marchi Sergio , Farkas Katalin , Gresele Paolo , Klein-Wegel Peter , Lessiani Gianfranco , Marschang Peter , Pecsvarady Zsolt , Prior Manlio , Puskas Attila , Szuba Andrzej
Published: February 2022

Importance

The post-thrombotic syndrome (PTS) is the most common long-term complication of deep vein thrombosis (DVT), occurring in up to 40–50% of cases. There are limited evidence-based approaches for PTS clinical management.

Objective

To provide an expert consensus for PTS diagnosis, prevention, and treatment.

Evidence-Review

MEDLINE, Cochrane Database review, and GOOGLE SCHOLAR were searched with the terms “post-thrombotic syndrome” and “post-phlebitic syndrome” used in titles and abstracts up to September 2020.

Filters Were

English, Controlled Clinical Trial / Systematic Review / Meta-Analysis / Guideline. The relevant literature regarding PTS diagnosis, prevention and treatment was reviewed and summarized by the evidence synthesis team. On the basis of this review, a panel of 15 practicing angiology/vascular medicine specialists assessed the appropriateness of several items regarding PTS management on a Likert-9 point scale, according to the RAND/UCLA method, with a two-round modified Delphi method.

Findings

The panelists rated the following as appropriate for diagnosis: 1-the Villalta scale; 2- pre-existing venous insufficiency evaluation; 3-assessment 3–6 months after diagnosis of iliofemoral or femoro-popliteal DVT, and afterwards periodically, according to a personalized schedule depending on the presence or absence of clinically relevant PTS. The items rated as appropriate for symptom relief and prevention were: 1- graduated compression stockings (GCS) or elastic bandages for symptomatic relief in acute DVT, either iliofemoral, popliteal or calf; 2-thigh-length GCS (30–40 mmHg at the ankle) after ilio-femoral DVT; 3- knee-length GCS (30–40 mmHg at the ankle) after popliteal DVT; 4-GCS for different length of times according to the severity of periodically assessed PTS; 5-catheter-directed thrombolysis, with or without mechanical thrombectomy, in patients with iliofemoral obstruction, severe symptoms, and low risk of bleeding. The items rated as appropriate for treatment were: 1- thigh-length GCS (30–40 mmHg at the ankle) after iliofemoral DVT; 2-compression therapy for ulcer treatment; 3- exercise training. The role of endovascular treatment (angioplasty and/or stenting) was rated as uncertain, but it could be considered for severe PTS only in case of stenosis or occlusion above the inguinal ligament, followed by oral anticoagulation.

Conclusions and Relevance

This position paper can help practicing clinicians in PTS management.
Sex-Differences in Aortic Stenosis: Mechanistic Insights and Clinical Implications
Authors: Matilla Lara , Garaikoetxea Mattie , Arrieta Vanessa , García-Peña Amaia , Fernández-Celis Amaya , Navarro Adela , Gainza Alicia , Álvarez Virginia , Sádaba Rafael , Jover Eva , López-Andrés Natalia
Published: February 2022

Objective

We aim to analyse sex-specific differences in aortic valves (AVs) and valve interstitial cells (VICs) from aortic stenosis (AS) patients.

Approach and Results

238 patients with severe AS undergoing surgical valve replacement were recruited. Two hundred and two AVs (39.1% women) were used for ex vivo analyses and 36 AVs (33.3% women) for in vitro experiments. AVs from men presented increased levels of the inflammatory molecules interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, Rantes, and CD45. Oxidative stress (eNOS, myeloperoxidase, malondialdehyde and nitrotyrosine) was upregulated in male AVs. Concerning fibrosis, similar levels of collagen type I, decreased levels of collagen type III and enhanced fibronectin, active Lox-1 and syndecan-1 expressions were found in AVs from men compared with women. Extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling was characterized by reduced metalloproteinase-1 and 9 expression and increased tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-2 expression in male AVs. Importantly, osteogenic markers (bone morphogenetic protein-9, Rank-L, osteopontin, periostin, osteocalcin and Sox-9) and apoptosis (Bax, Caspase 3, p53, and PARP1) were enhanced in AVs from men as compared to women. Isolated male VICs presented higher myofibroblast-like phenotype than female VICs. Male VICs exhibited increased inflammatory, oxidative stress, fibrotic, apoptosis and osteogenic differentiation markers.

Conclusions

Our results suggest that the mechanisms driving the pathogenesis of AS could be different in men and women. Male AVs and isolated VICs presented more inflammation, oxidative stress, ECM remodeling and calcification as compared to those from women. A better knowledge of the pathophysiological pathways in AVs and VICs will allow the development of sex-specific options for the treatment of AS.
Risk Stratification Model for Predicting Coronary Care Unit Readmission
Authors: Chen Tien-Yu , Tseng Chien-Hao , Wu Po-Jui , Chung Wen-Jung , Lee Chien-Ho , Wu Chia-Chen , Cheng Cheng-I
Published: February 2022

Background

Use of statistical models for assessing the clinical risk of readmission to medical and surgical intensive care units is well established. However, models for predicting risk of coronary care unit (CCU) readmission are rarely reported. Therefore, this study investigated the characteristics and outcomes of patients readmitted to CCU to identify risk factors for CCU readmission and to establish a scoring system for identifying patients at high risk for CCU readmission.

Methods

Medical data were collected for 27,841 patients with a history of readmission to the CCU of a single multi-center healthcare provider in Taiwan during 2001-2019. Characteristics and outcomes were compared between a readmission group and a non-readmission group. Data were segmented at a 9:1 ratio for model building and validation.

Results

The number of patients with a CCU readmission history after transfer to a standard care ward was 1,790 (6.4%). The eleven factors that had the strongest associations with CCU readmission were used to develop and validate a CCU readmission risk scoring and prediction model. When the model was used to predict CCU readmission, the receiver-operating curve characteristic was 0.7038 for risk score model group and 0.7181 for the validation group. A CCU readmission risk score was assigned to each patient. The patients were then stratified by risk score into low risk (0–12), moderate risk (13–31) and high risk (32–40) cohorts check scores, which showed that CCU readmission risk significantly differed among the three groups.

Conclusions

This study developed a model for estimating CCU readmission risk. By using the proposed model, clinicians can improve CCU patient outcomes and medical care quality.