bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Unique Transcriptomic Profile of Collecting Duct Carcinomas Relative to Upper Tract Urothelial Carcinomas and other Kidney Carcinomas
Authors: Malouf Gabriel G. , Compérat Eva , Yao Hui , Mouawad Roger , Lindner Veronique , Rioux-leclercq Nathalie , Verkarre Virginie , Leroy Xavier , Dainese Linda , Classe Marion , Descotes Jean-Luc , Barthelemy Philippe , Yacoub Mokrane , Rouprêt Morgan , Bernhard Jean-Christophe , Creighton Chad J. , Spano Jean-Philippe , Su Xiaoping , Khayat David
Published: August 2016

Collecting duct carcinoma (CDC) is a kidney cancer subtype that is thought to arise from principal cells in distal parts of the collecting ducts. Some studies suggested an overlap of CDC with upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC), making the pathological diagnosis challenging. Herein, we performed for the first time transcriptome sequencing of CDC and compared them to UTUC and renal cell carcinoma subtypes. We discovered that CDC displays a unique transcriptomic signature among kidney cancer subtypes, with a putative cell of origin in the distal convoluted tubules. Hierarchical unsupervised clustering reveals that the CDC signature is closer to that of other RCC subtypes than to UTUC, which is similar to that of bladder carcinoma. CDC is characterized by a metabolic shift, with impairment of oxidoreductase activity, pyruvate metabolism and the tricarboxlyic acid cycle, as well as an immunogenic response consistent with increased tumor infiltrating lymphocytes, particularly within metastatic cases. In addition, pathways differentially altered between CDC and UTUC point to a basal-like phenotype of CDC in contrast to the luminal-like signature of UTUC. We conclude that CDC harbors a pathognomonic transcriptomic signature characterized by immunogenic and a metabolic aberrations, indicating that targeting these processes might provide therapeutic options for patients.
OpEx - a validated, automated pipeline optimised for clinical exome sequence analysis
Authors: Ruark Elise , Münz Márton , Clarke Matthew , Renwick Anthony , Ramsay Emma , Elliott Anna , Seal Sheila , Lunter Gerton , Rahman Nazneen
Published: August 2016

We present an easy-to-use, open-source Optimised Exome analysis tool, OpEx (http://icr.ac.uk/opex) that accurately detects small-scale variation, including indels, to clinical standards. We evaluated OpEx performance with an experimentally validated dataset (the ICR142 NGS validation series), a large 1000 exome dataset (the ICR1000 UK exome series), and a clinical proband-parent trio dataset. The performance of OpEx for high-quality base substitutions and short indels in both small and large datasets is excellent, with overall sensitivity of 95%, specificity of 97% and low false detection rate (FDR) of 3%. Depending on the individual performance requirements the OpEx output allows one to optimise the inevitable trade-offs between sensitivity and specificity. For example, in the clinical setting one could permit a higher FDR and lower specificity to maximise sensitivity. In contexts where experimental validation is not possible, minimising the FDR and improving specificity may be a preferable trade-off for slightly lower sensitivity. OpEx is simple to install and use; the whole pipeline is run from a single command. OpEx is therefore well suited to the increasing research and clinical laboratories undertaking exome sequencing, particularly those without in-house dedicated bioinformatics expertise.
Pituitary response to thyrotropin releasing hormone in children with overweight and obesity
Authors: Rijks Jesse , Penders Bas , Dorenbos Elke , Straetemans Saartje , Gerver Willem-Jan , Vreugdenhil Anita
Published: August 2016

Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) concentrations in the high normal range are common in children with overweight and obesity and associated with increased cardiovascular disease risk. Prior studies aiming at unravelling the mechanisms underlying these high TSH concentrations mainly focused on factors promoting thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH) production as a cause for high TSH concentrations. However, it is unknown whether TSH release of the pituitary in response to TRH is affected in children with overweight and obesity. Here we describe TSH release of the pituitary in response to exogenous TRH in 73 euthyroid children (39% males) with overweight or (morbid) obesity. Baseline TSH concentrations (0.9–5.5 mU/L) were not associated with BMI z score, whereas these concentrations were positively associated with TSH concentrations 20 minutes after TRH administration (r2 = 0.484, p < 0.001) and the TSH incremental area under the curve during the TRH stimulation test (r2 = 0.307, p < 0.001). These results suggest that pituitary TSH release in response to TRH stimulation might be an important factor contributing to high normal serum TSH concentrations, which is a regular finding in children with overweight and obesity. The clinical significance and the intermediate factors contributing to pituitary TSH release need to be elucidated in future studies.
Left atrial enlargement is an independent predictor of stroke and systemic embolism in patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation
Authors: Hamatani Yasuhiro , Ogawa Hisashi , Takabayashi Kensuke , Yamashita Yugo , Takagi Daisuke , Esato Masahiro , Chun Yeong-Hwa , Tsuji Hikari , Wada Hiromichi , Hasegawa Koji , Abe Mitsuru , Lip Gregory Y. H. , Akao Masaharu
Published: August 2016

Controversy exists regarding whether left atrial enlargement (LAE) is a predictor of stroke/systemic embolism (SE) in atrial fibrillation (AF) patients. The Fushimi AF Registry, a community-based prospective survey, enrolled all AF patients in Fushmi-ku, Japan, from March 2011. Follow-up data and baseline echocardiographic data were available for 2,713 patients by August 2015. We compared backgrounds and incidence of events over a median follow-up of 976.5 days between patients with LAE (left atrial diameter > 45 mm; LAE group) and those without in the Fushimi AF Registry. The LAE group accounted for 39% (n = 1,049) of cohort. The LAE group was older and had longer AF duration, with more prevalent non-paroxysmal AF, higher CHADS2/CHA2DS2-VASc score and oral anticoagulant (OAC) use. A higher risk of stroke/SE during follow-up in the LAE group was found (entire cohort; hazard ratio (HR): 1.92, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.40–2.64; p < 0.01; without OAC; HR: 1.97, 95% CI: 1.18–3.25; p < 0.01; with OAC; HR: 1.83, 95% CI: 1.21–2.82; p < 0.01). LAE was independently associated with increased risk of stroke/SE (HR: 1.74, 95% CI: 1.25–2.42; p < 0.01) after adjustment by the components of CHA2DS2-VASc score and OAC use. In conclusion, LAE was an independent predictor of stroke/SE in large community cohort of AF patients.
Two-step crystal growth mechanism during crystallization of an undercooled Ni50Al50 alloy
Authors: An Simin , Li Jiahao , Li Yang , Li Shunning , Wang Qi , Liu Baixin
Published: August 2016

Crystallization processes are always accompanied by the emergence of multiple intermediate states, of which the structures and transition dynamics are far from clarity, since it is difficult to experimentally observe the microscopic pathway. To insight the structural evolution and the crystallization dynamics, we perform large-scale molecular dynamics simulations to investigate the time-dependent crystallization behavior of the NiAl intermetallic upon rapid solidification. The simulation results reveal that the crystallization process occurs via a two-step growth mechanism, involving the formation of initial non-equilibrium long range order (NLRO) regions and of the subsequent equilibrium long range order (ELRO) regions. The formation of the NLRO regions makes the grains rather inhomogeneous, while the rearrangement of the NLRO regions into the ELRO regions makes the grains more ordered and compact. This two-step growth mechanism is actually controlled by the evolution of the coordination polyhedra, which are characterized predominantly by the transformation from five-fold symmetry to four-fold and six-fold symmetry. From liquids to NLRO and further to ELRO, the five-fold symmetry of these polyhedra gradually fades and finally vanishes when B2 structure is distributed throughout the grain bulk. The energy decrease along the pathway further implies the reliability of the proposed crystallization processes.
Anatomical imbalance between cortical networks in autism
Authors: Watanabe Takamitsu , Rees Geraint
Published: August 2016

Influential psychological models of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) have proposed that this prevalent developmental disorder results from impairment of global (integrative) information processing and overload of local (sensory) information. However, little neuroanatomical evidence consistent with this account has been reported. Here, we examined relative grey matter volumes (rGMVs) between three cortical networks, how they changed with age and their relationship with core symptomatology. Using public neuroimaging data of high-functioning ASD males and age-/sex-/IQ-matched controls, we first identified age-associated atypical increases in rGMVs of the regions of two sensory systems (auditory and visual networks) and an age-related aberrant decrease in rGMV of a task-control system (fronto-parietal network, FPN) in ASD children. While the enlarged rGMV of the auditory network in ASD adults was associated with the severity of autistic socio-communicational core symptom, that of the visual network was instead correlated with the severity of restricted and repetitive behaviours in ASD. Notably, the atypically decreased rGMV of FPN predicted both of the two core symptoms. These findings suggest that disproportionate undergrowth of a task-control system (FPN) may be a common anatomical basis for the two ASD core symptoms and relative overgrowth of the two different sensory systems selectively compounds the distinct symptoms.
High-brightness organic light-emitting diodes for optogenetic control of Drosophila locomotor behaviour
Authors: Morton Andrew , Murawski Caroline , Pulver Stefan R. , Gather Malte C.
Published: August 2016

Organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs) are in widespread use in today’s mobile phones and are likely to drive the next generation of large area displays and solid-state lighting. Here we show steps towards their utility as a platform technology for biophotonics, by demonstrating devices capable of optically controlling behaviour in live animals. Using devices with apinOLED architecture, sufficient illumination intensity (0.3 mW.mm−2) to activate channelrhodopsins (ChRs)in vivowas reliably achieved at low operating voltages (5 V). InDrosophila melanogasterthird instar larvae expressing ChR2(H134R) in motor neurons, we found that pulsed illumination from blue and green OLEDs triggered robust and reversible contractions in animals. This response was temporally coupled to the timing of OLED illumination. With blue OLED illumination, the initial rate and overall size of the behavioural response was strongest. Green OLEDs achieved roughly 70% of the response observed with blue OLEDs. Orange OLEDs did not produce contractions in larvae, in agreement with the spectral response of ChR2(H134R). The device configuration presented here could be modified to accommodate other small model organisms, cell cultures or tissue slices and the ability of OLEDs to provide patterned illumination and spectral tuning can further broaden their utility in optogenetics experiments.
Anti-photoaging properties of the phosphodiesterase 3 inhibitor cilostazol in ultraviolet B-irradiated hairless mice
Authors: Kim Ha Neui , Gil Chan Hee , Kim Yu Ri , Shin Hwa Kyoung , Choi Byung Tae
Published: August 2016

We investigated whether cilostazol, an activator of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP)-dependent intracellular signaling, could inhibit ultraviolet B (UVB) irradiation-induced photoaging in HR-1 hairless mice. Cilostazol decreased wrinkle formation and skin thickness in UVB-irradiated mice, as well as increased staining of collagen fibers and inhibition of reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation in the skin. Moreover, the proteolytic activities of gelatinase matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9 and collagenase MMP-3 were significantly decreased in UVB-irradiated mice treated with cilostazol. Western blotting showed that UVB-induced activation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) and nuclear factor (NF)-κB was significantly inhibited by cilostazol, whereas the activation of Akt was significantly enhanced by cilostazol. Confirmation of localized protein expression in the skin revealed marked p38 MAPK and NF-κB activation that was mainly detected in the dermis. Marked Akt activation was mainly detected in the epidermis. Our results suggest that cilostazol may have anti-photoaging effects on UVB-induced wrinkle formation by maintaining the extracellular matrix density in the dermis, which occurs via regulation of ROS and related p38 MAPK and NF-κB signaling, and subsequent down-regulation of MMPs. Therefore, cilostazol may protect against photoaging-induced wrinkle formation.
Nano electrospray gas-phase electrophoretic mobility molecular analysis (nES GEMMA) of liposomes: applicability of the technique for nano vesicle batch control
Authors: Weiss Victor U. , Urey Carlos , Gondikas Andreas , Golesne Monika , Friedbacher Gernot , von der Kammer Frank , Hofmann Thilo , Andersson Roland , Marko-Varga György , Marchetti-Deschmann Martina , Allmaier Günter
Published: August 2016

Gas-phase electrophoresis of single-charged particles enables liposome characterization and finally the resulting vesicle encapsulation capacity determination.
Rapid screening and evaluation of antioxidants in alkaloid natural products by capillary electrophoresis with chemiluminescence detection
Authors: Pang Yuan , Huang Yi-Ke , Li Fan , Yang Feng-Qing , Xia Zhi-Ning
Published: August 2016

A capillary electrophoresis (CE) incorporating chemiluminescence (CL) detection method was applied to on-line screening and evaluation of antioxidants in alkaloid natural products.
Colorimetric determination of Salmonella typhimurium based on aptamer recognition
Authors: Zhu Changqing , Hong Ying , Xiao Zhen , Zhou Yang , Jiang Yuan , Huang Ming , Xu Xinglian , Zhou Guanghong
Published: August 2016

A sensitive colorimetric detection of S. typhimurium based on aptamer recognition with a detection limit of 10 cfu mL−1.
The reaction of CF2Cl2 with gas-phase hydrated electrons
Authors: Lengyel Jozef , van der Linde Christian , Fárník Michal , Beyer Martin K.
Published: August 2016

The reaction of dichlorodifluoromethane (CF2Cl2) with hydrated electrons (H2O)n− (n = 30–86) in the gas phase proceeds via dissociative electron transfer, resulting in the formation of a chloride ion.
Binary and ternary recombination of H2D+ and HD2+ ions with electrons at 80 K
Authors: Dohnal Petr , Kálosi Ábel , Plašil Radek , Roučka Štěpán , Kovalenko Artem , Rednyk Serhiy , Johnsen Rainer , Glosík Juraj
Published: August 2016

The recombination of deuterated trihydrogen cations with electrons was studied at 80 K using stationary afterglow with cavity ring-down spectroscopy.
Double imaging photoelectron photoion coincidence sheds new light on the dissociation of energy-selected CH3Cl+ions
Authors: Tang Xiaofeng , Lin Xiaoxiao , Zhang Weijun , Garcia Gustavo A. , Nahon Laurent
Published: August 2016

The dissociation mechanisms of CH3Cl+have been probed to be state-specific and the umbrella mode of the CH3+fragments is assigned.
Benchmark calculations of excess electrons in water cluster cavities: balancing the addition of atom-centered diffuse functions versus floating diffuse functions
Authors: Zhang Changzhe , Bu Yuxiang
Published: August 2016

Diffuse functions have been proved to be especially crucial for the accurate characterization of excess electrons which are usually bound weakly in intermolecular zones far away from the nuclei.
ZnO nanorods prepared via ablation of Zn with millisecond laser in liquid media
Authors: Honda Mitsuhiro , Goto Taku , Owashi Tatsuki , Rozhin Alex G. , Yamaguchi Shigeru , Ito Tsuyohito , Kulinich Sergei A.
Published: August 2016

ZnO nanomaterials with controlled size, shape and surface chemistry are required for applications in diverse areas, such as optoelectronics, photocatalysis, biomedicine and so on.
Syntheses and crystal structures of benzene-sulfonate and -carboxylate copper polymers and their application in the oxidation of cyclohexane in ionic liquid under mild conditions
Authors: Hazra Susanta , Ribeiro Ana P. C. , Guedes da Silva M. Fátima C. , Nieto de Castro Carlos A. , Pombeiro Armando J. L.
Published: August 2016

Enhanced catalytic activities of copper polymers for the peroxidative oxidation of cyclohexane are observed in an ionic liquid medium.
Standard redox potentials, pKas, and hydricities of inorganic complexes under electrochemical conditions and implications for CO2 reduction
Authors: Saravanan K. , Keith J. A.
Published: August 2016

Pourbaix diagram analyses to identify intermediates under in operando conditions for energetically efficient homogeneous CO2 reduction.
A novel p–n heterostructured photocatalyst for the efficient photocatalytic degradation of different kinds of organic compounds under irradiation of both ultraviolet and visible light
Authors: Ao Yanhui , Bao Jiaqiu , Wang Peifang , Wang Chao , Hou Jun
Published: August 2016

In this study, BiOBr–titanium phosphate (BiOBr/TP) plate-on-plate composites with p–n heterojunctions were synthesized using a simple, feasible two-step method.
Two angiotensin-converting enzyme-inhibitory peptides from almond protein and the protective action on vascular endothelial function
Authors: Liu Rui-Lin , Ge Xian-Li , Gao Xiang-Yu , Zhan Han-Ying , Shi Ting , Su Na , Zhang Zhi-Qi
Published: August 2016

The peptides isolated from almond protein hydrolysates can significantly regulate secretion of NO and endothelin from HUVECs.
In vitro digestibility of highly concentrated methylcellulose O/W emulsions: rheological and structural changes
Authors: Espert María , Salvador Ana , Sanz Teresa
Published: August 2016

The changes in structure during the digestion of highly concentrated methyl cellulose (MC) O/W emulsions and of hydrated MC were investigated.
Host metabolic responses to Plasmodium falciparum infections evaluated by 1H NMR metabolomics
Authors: Sengupta Arjun , Ghosh Soumita , Das Bidyut K. , Panda Abhinash , Tripathy Rina , Pied Sylviane , Ravindran B. , Pathak Sulabha , Sharma Shobhona , Sonawat Haripalsingh M.
Published: August 2016

This first metabolomics report comparing patients of varying severities of falciparum malaria with patients shows lipid and plasma glycoproteins alterations, which may offer diagnostic prognosis.
Fluorination methods in drug discovery
Authors: Yerien Damian E. , Bonesi Sergio , Postigo Al
Published: August 2016

Late stage fluorination methods applied to biologically-active drugs have provided the pharmaceutical industry with new leads that show improved properties such as modulation of lipophilicity, electronegativity, basicity, bioavailability, and deceleration of metabolic degradation.
Resonant Raman scattering study of V, Cr and Co ions implanted into GaN
Authors: Majid Abdul , Zhu J. J. , Rana Usman Ali , Ud-Din Khan Salah
Published: August 2016

200 keV ions of V, Cr and Co were implanted into wurtzite GaN/sapphire thin films at fluences of 5 × 1014 cm−2, 5 × 1015 cm−2 and 5 × 1016 cm−2.
Photochemical radical thiol–ene click-based methodologies for silica and transition metal oxides materials chemical modification: a mini-review
Authors: Bordoni Andrea V. , Lombardo M. Verónica , Wolosiuk Alejandro
Published: August 2016

The photochemical radical thiol–ene addition reaction (PRTEA) is a highly powerful synthetic technique for surface modification.
Ivy leaves extract based – lipid nanocarriers and their bioefficacy on antioxidant and antitumor activities
Authors: Lacatusu I. , Badea N. , Badea G. , Brasoveanu L. , Stan R. , Ott C. , Oprea O. , Meghea A.
Published: August 2016

Two issues were addressed in the paper: (1) the use of medicinal herbs as functional ingredients entrapped into lipid-based nanocarriers; (2) the efficacy of phytochemical-based nanocarriers with promising antioxidant and antitumor benefits.
Iodine-mediated regioselective guanylation-amination of propargylamines towards the synthesis of diversely substituted 2-aminoimidazoles
Authors: Fedoseev Pavel , Sharma Nandini , Khunt Rupesh , Ermolat'ev Denis S. , Van der Eycken Erik V.
Published: August 2016

A diversity-oriented approach for the synthesis of 2-aminoimidazoles is presented.
[2.2]Paracyclophane-based carbene–copper catalyst tuned by transannular electronic effects for asymmetric boration
Authors: Chen Jianqiang , Duan Wenzeng , Chen Zhen , Ma Manyuan , Song Chun , Ma Yudao
Published: August 2016

The catalytic performance of [2.2]paracyclophane-based carbene–copper complexes in the asymmetric boration can be controlled by the electronic tuning of carbene ligands.
Clindanones A and B and cladosporols F and G, polyketides from the deep-sea derived fungus Cladosporium cladosporioides HDN14-342
Authors: Zhang Zhenzhen , He Xueqian , Liu Congcong , Che Qian , Zhu Tianjiao , Gu Qianqun , Li Dehai
Published: August 2016

Seven tetralone derivatives (1–7) were isolated from the deep-sea derived fungus Cladosporium cladosporioides. Compounds 1 and 2 possessed a new dimeric forms of the skeleton, and the new compound 4 was cytotoxic.
Fluorescent oxazoles from quinones for bioimaging applications
Authors: Dias Gleiston G. , Pinho Pamella V. B. , Duarte Hélio A. , Resende Jarbas M. , Rosa Andressa B. B. , Correa José R. , Neto Brenno A. D. , da Silva Júnior Eufrânio N.
Published: August 2016

This work describes a synthetic strategy for the syntheses of four new fluorescent excited state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT) prone oxazole derivatives synthesized from lapachol, a naturally occurring naphthoquinone isolated from the Tabebuia species (ipe tree).
Tungsten addenda mixed heteropolymolybdates supported on functionalized graphene for high-performance aqueous supercapacitors
Authors: Ding Yan-Hong , Peng Jun , Lu Hai-Yang , Yuan Yue , Khan Shifa-Ullah
Published: August 2016

A novel honeycomb-like porous composite based on H3PMo12−xWxO40 and functionalized graphene was fabricated for high-performance aqueous supercapacitors.
Pressure induced structural transformations of anatase TiO2 nanotubes probed by Raman spectroscopy and synchrotron X-ray diffraction
Authors: Dong Zhaohui , Xiao Fengping , Zhao Ankang , Liu Lijia , Sham Tsun-Kong , Song Yang
Published: August 2016

Pressure-induced transformations of anatase TiO2 nanotubes probed by in situ Raman spectroscopy and synchrotron X-ray diffraction reveal novel compression behaviors.
The donor–acceptor complexes of quantum dots and ionic perylene diimides for ratiometric detection of double-stranded DNA
Authors: Aryal Gyan H. , Huang Liming , Hunter Kenneth W.
Published: August 2016

We developed a FRET ratiometric system based on quantum dots and perylene diimides for detection of double-stranded DNAs.
Comprehensive morphological and structural investigation of cellulose I and II nanocrystals prepared by sulphuric acid hydrolysis
Authors: Flauzino Neto Wilson Pires , Putaux Jean-Luc , Mariano Marcos , Ogawa Yu , Otaguro Harumi , Pasquini Daniel , Dufresne Alain
Published: August 2016

CNCs were produced from eucalyptus wood pulp by (i) classical sulphuric acid hydrolysis, (ii) acid hydrolysis of cellulose previously mercerized by alkali, (iii) solubilization of cellulose in sulphuric acid and subsequent recrystallization in water.
Efficient and stereoselective synthesis of monomeric and bimetallic pincer complexes containing Pd-bonded stereogenic carbons
Authors: Tay Wee Shan , Yang Xiang-Yuan , Li Yongxin , Pullarkat Sumod A. , Leung Pak-Hing
Published: August 2016

Optically-pure aliphatic N–C(sp3)–E Pd pincer complexes with C-stereogenic centers were synthesized via stepwise (1) enantioselective catalytic hydrophosphination, (2) P(iii) → P(v) oxidation and (3) diastereoselective C(sp3)–H activation.
Insights into mechanisms of hexavalent chromium removal from aqueous solution by using rice husk pretreated using hydrothermal carbonization technology
Authors: Ding Dahu , Ma Xin , Shi Wansheng , Lei Zhongfang , Zhang Zhenya
Published: August 2016

Hydrothermal carbonization technique enhanced the adsorption capacity of rice husk towards Cr(vi).
Chemistry in confined spaces: reactivity of the Zn-MOF-74 channels
Authors: Zuluaga S. , Fuentes-Fernandez E. M. A. , Tan K. , Arter C. A. , Li J. , Chabal Y. J. , Thonhauser T.
Published: August 2016

Once the water dissociation reaction takes place at the metal centers, the addition of 40 Torr of CO at 200 °C starts the production of formic acid via OH + H + CO → HCO2H.
DNA directed immobilization enzyme on polyamidoamine tethered magnetic composites with high reusability and stability
Authors: Song Jiayi , Su Ping , Yang Ye , Wang Ting , Yang Yi
Published: August 2016

A novel enzyme immobilization procedure was developed. The immobilized enzyme composites exhibited significantly improved digestion performance, excellent reusability, stability and dynamic reversible reproducibility.
Hilbert vibration decomposition based image fusion
Authors: Saxena N. , Sharma K.K.
Published: August 2016

The image fusion plays a crucial role in many fields such as remote sensing, medical and robotics applications. In this Letter, a novel Hilbert vibration decomposition (HVD) based image fusion scheme is proposed. The HVD decomposes the source images into instantaneous amplitude and frequency components with decreasing energy values. Amplitude components of the first and second signals in the decomposition of the source images are used to generate the fused images using appropriate fusion rule. Performance evaluation of fused images is done by computing fusion quality metrics and the fusion results are compared with other existing fusion schemes. It is seen that the performance of the proposed scheme is better as compared with the existing fusion schemes.
SC‐LDPC code design for Gaussian multiple access channel
Authors: Noor‐A‐Rahim Md. , Nguyen Khoa D. , Lechner Gottfried
Published: August 2016

This paper presents the design and analysis of spatially coupled low‐density parity‐check (SC‐LDPC) codes for Gaussian multiple access channel (GMAC). For two‐user GMAC, we consider that each user encodes their messages by SC‐LDPC codes while joint belief propagation decoding is considered at the receiver. We present low complexity density evolution analysis of SC‐LDPC GMAC codes and show simple optimisation procedure. For the asymptotic case, we observe that SC‐LDPC code‐based GMAC code outperforms existing irregular LDPC code‐based GMAC code.
Enhancement of radio frequency magnetic field for a 1.5 T magnetic resonance system using a high impedance surface
Authors: Issa Ismail , Ford Kenneth Lee , Rao Madhwesha , Wild James
Published: August 2016

This study presents a novel design of a high impedance surface (HIS) to improve the magnetic field strength of a radio frequency (RF) coil at 63.8 MHz, suitable for 1.5 T magnetic resonance imaging systems. The HIS is miniaturised using distributed interdigital capacitors. A HIS with an electrically small unit cell (λ /94) and is positioned between a RF transmit‐receive coil and an RF shield. The magnitude of the magnetic field from an RF coil when coupled to a dielectric phantom load (mimicking a biological sample) was estimated using numerical simulation (finite integral methods) and corroborated with measurements. Simulated median improvements in magnetic field inside a dielectric phantom range from approximately 18 to 32% depending on the area of the HIS.
Mutual inductance and magnetic force calculations for coaxial bitter disk coils (Pancakes)
Authors: Babic Slobodan , Akyel Cevdet
Published: August 2016

Recently Y. Ren and J.T. Conway calculated the mutual inductance and the magnetic force between an ordinary coil and a bitter coil or between two bitter coils. The bitter coil is the coil with inverse radial current density. In this study, the authors calculate the mutual inductance and the magnetic force between two disk coils (pancakes) with inverse radial current density. This coil configuration with proposed current density seems to be similar to bitter coils. Both calculations give the semi‐analytical expressions either for mutual inductance or for the magnetic force. Also they derived the self‐inductance for the disk coil with radial current density which is obtained in closed form. The results of this method are compared by those obtained by the modified filament method for the presented configuration.
Utilisation of skewness of wavelet‐based approximate coefficient in walking speed assessment
Authors: Masum Habib , Chattopadhyay Surajit , Bhaumik Subhasis , Ray Ranjit
Published: August 2016

This study explores wavelet decomposition based skewness analysis for walking speed assessment. This has been achieved by using four force sensing resistors attached beneath the foot and one flex sensor attached on ankle. Experimentation is carried out on walking pattern of able individuals and data are collected using data acquiescing set‐up and de‐noised using Savitzky–Golay filter. De‐noised data are then decomposed at different discrete wavelet transform (DWT) levels from where skewness values of approximate coefficient are assessed. Variation of skewness with respect to walking speed has been observed which shows that skewness values are having definite relations with walking speeds at certain DWT levels. Based on these, an algorithm is proposed for walking speed assessment. Experimentation is again carried out to validate the proposed algorithm. Satisfactory result is achieved indicating that assessment of wavelet decomposition based skewness of approximate coefficients may be very useful for walking speed measurement.
Configurationally Stable Doubly Bridged Biphenyl Azocines through Copper-Catalyzed Double Carbene Insertions into the Corresponding Azepines
Authors: Harthong Steven , Brun Elodie , Grass Stéphane , Besnard Céline , Bürgi Thomas , Lacour Jérôme
Published: August 2016

Doubly bridged biphenyl azocines can be prepared in a single step through copper-catalyzed reactions of a doubly bridged biphenyl azepine and diazodiester reagents. Double [1,2]-Stevens rearrangements occur at 100 °C to afford doubly tethered eight-membered rings (49 to 61%) as trans and cis regioisomers (1:1 ratio). These products present an axial chirality. ECD and VCD analyses of the separated enantiomers (CSP-HPLC) were used to assign the absolute configuration. High configurational stability is observed for both regioisomers as racemization does not occur after 1 week of heating at 208 °C in dodecane (ΔG
‡ > 41 kcal·mol–1). Interestingly, reactions performed at 40 °C retain a certain level of enantiospecificity (82–86%), avoiding, for the most part, thermal racemization of the starting material.
Automatische Befunderkennung: „Wir reden hier nicht mehr von Jahrzehnten“
Authors: Mau Jens
Published: August 2016

Elmar Kotter war in der Deutschen Röntgengesellschaft lange Jahre Vorsitzender der Arbeitsgemeinschaft IT. Im Interview kommentiert er die Ergebnisse des ersten Trendreports Radiologie. Die automatische Befunderkennung, so der Experte, sei greifbarer als manch einer denkt.
Riesz Riemann–Liouville difference on discrete domains
Authors: Wu Guo-Cheng , Baleanu Dumitru , Xie He-Ping
Published: August 2016

A Riesz difference is defined by the use of the Riemann–Liouville differences on time scales. Then the definition is considered for discrete fractional modelling. A lattice fractional equation method is proposed among which the space variable is defined on discrete domains. Finite memory effects are introduced into the lattice system and the numerical formulae are given. Adomian decomposition method is adopted to solve the fractional partial difference equations numerically.
Computing the optimal path in stochastic dynamical systems
Authors: Bauver Martha , Forgoston Eric , Billings Lora
Published: August 2016

In stochastic systems, one is often interested in finding the optimal path that maximizes the probability of escape from a metastable state or of switching between metastable states. Even for simple systems, it may be impossible to find an analytic form of the optimal path, and in high-dimensional systems, this is almost always the case. In this article, we formulate a constructive methodology that is used to compute the optimal path numerically. The method utilizes finite-time Lyapunov exponents, statistical selection criteria, and a Newton-based iterative minimizing scheme. The method is applied to four examples. The first example is a two-dimensional system that describes a single population with internal noise. This model has an analytical solution for the optimal path. The numerical solution found using our computational method agrees well with the analytical result. The second example is a more complicated four-dimensional system where our numerical method must be used to find the optimal path. The third example, although a seemingly simple two-dimensional system, demonstrates the success of our method in finding the optimal path where other numerical methods are known to fail. In the fourth example, the optimal path lies in six-dimensional space and demonstrates the power of our method in computing paths in higher-dimensional spaces.
Reference Correlations of the Thermal Conductivity of Ethene and Propene
Authors: Assael M. J. , Koutian A. , Huber M. L. , Perkins R. A.
Published: August 2016

New, wide-range reference equations for the thermal conductivity of ethene and propene as a function of temperature and density are presented. The equations are based in part upon a body of experimental data that have been critically assessed for internal consistency and for agreement with theory whenever possible. For ethene, we estimate the uncertainty (at the 95% confidence level) for the thermal conductivity from 110 to 520 K at pressures up to 200 MPa to be 5% for the compressed liquid and supercritical phases. For the low-pressure gas phase (to 0.1 MPa) over the temperature range 270–680 K, the estimated uncertainty is 4%. The correlation is valid from 110 to 680 K and up to 200 MPa, but it behaves in a physically reasonable manner down to the triple point and may be used at pressures up to 300 MPa, although the uncertainty will be larger in regions where experimental data were unavailable. In the case of propene, data are much more limited. We estimate the uncertainty for the thermal conductivity of propene from 180 to 625 K at pressures up to 50 MPa to be 5% for the gas, liquid, and supercritical phases. The correlation is valid from 180 to 625 K and up to 50 MPa, but it behaves in a physically reasonable manner down to the triple point and may be used at pressures up to 100 MPa, although the uncertainty will be larger in regions where experimental data were unavailable. For both fluids, uncertainties in the critical region are much larger, since the thermal conductivity approaches infinity at the critical point and is very sensitive to small changes in density.
Locality of correlation in density functional theory
Authors: Burke Kieron , Cancio Antonio , Gould Tim , Pittalis Stefano
Published: August 2016

The Hohenberg-Kohn density functional was long ago shown to reduce to the Thomas-Fermi (TF) approximation in the non-relativistic semiclassical (or large-Z) limit for all matter, i.e., the kinetic energy becomes local. Exchange also becomes local in this limit. Numerical data on the correlation energy of atoms support the conjecture that this is also true for correlation, but much less relevant to atoms. We illustrate how expansions around a large particle number are equivalent to local density approximations and their strong relevance to density functional approximations. Analyzing highly accurate atomic correlation energies, we show that EC → −AC ZlnZ + BCZ as Z → ∞, where Z is the atomic number, AC is known, and we estimate BC to be about 37 mhartree. The local density approximation yields AC exactly, but a very incorrect value for BC, showing that the local approximation is less relevant for the correlation alone. This limit is a benchmark for the non-empirical construction of density functional approximations. We conjecture that, beyond atoms, the leading correction to the local density approximation in the large-Z limit generally takes this form, but with BC a functional of the TF density for the system. The implications for the construction of approximate density functionals are discussed.
Bifurcation dynamics of the tempered fractional Langevin equation
Authors: Zeng Caibin , Yang Qigui , Chen YangQuan
Published: August 2016

Tempered fractional processes offer a useful extension for turbulence to include low frequencies. In this paper, we investigate the stochastic phenomenological bifurcation, or stochastic P-bifurcation, of the Langevin equation perturbed by tempered fractional Brownian motion. However, most standard tools from the well-studied framework of random dynamical systems cannot be applied to systems driven by non-Markovian noise, so it is desirable to construct possible approaches in a non-Markovian framework. We first derive the spectral density function of the considered system based on the generalized Parseval's formula and the Wiener-Khinchin theorem. Then we show that it enjoys interesting and diverse bifurcation phenomena exchanging between or among explosive-like, unimodal, and bimodal kurtosis. Therefore, our procedures in this paper are not merely comparable in scope to the existing theory of Markovian systems but also provide a possible approach to discern P-bifurcation dynamics in the non-Markovian settings.
Impulsive synchronization of fractional Takagi-Sugeno fuzzy complex networks
Authors: Ma Weiyuan , Li Changpin , Wu Yujiang
Published: August 2016

This paper focuses on impulsive synchronization of fractional Takagi-Sugeno (T-S) fuzzy complex networks. A novel comparison principle is built for the fractional impulsive system. Then a synchronization criterion is established for the fractional T-S fuzzy complex networks by utilizing the comparison principle. The method is also illustrated by applying the fractional T-S fuzzy Rössler's complex networks.
A classification scheme for chimera states
Authors: Kemeth Felix P. , Haugland Sindre W. , Schmidt Lennart , Kevrekidis Ioannis G. , Krischer Katharina
Published: August 2016

We present a universal characterization scheme for chimera states applicable to both numerical and experimental data sets. The scheme is based on two correlation measures that enable a meaningful definition of chimera states as well as their classification into three categories: stationary, turbulent, and breathing. In addition, these categories can be further subdivided according to the time-stationarity of these two measures. We demonstrate that this approach is both consistent with previously recognized chimera states and enables us to classify states as chimeras which have not been categorized as such before. Furthermore, the scheme allows for a qualitative and quantitative comparison of experimental chimeras with chimeras obtained through numerical simulations.
Space-charge-limited currents for cathodes with electric field enhanced geometry
Authors: Lai Dingguo , Qiu Mengtong , Xu Qifu , Huang Zhongliang
Published: August 2016

This paper presents the approximate analytic solutions of current density for annulus and circle cathodes. The current densities of annulus and circle cathodes are derived approximately from first principles, which are in agreement with simulation results. The large scaling laws can predict current densities of high current vacuum diodes including annulus and circle cathodes in practical applications. In order to discuss the relationship between current density and electric field on cathode surface, the existing analytical solutions of currents for concentric cylinder and sphere diodes are fitted from existing solutions relating with electric field enhancement factors. It is found that the space-charge-limited current density for the cathode with electric-field enhanced geometry can be written in a general form of J = g(βE)2J0, where J0 is the classical (1D) Child-Langmuir current density, βE is the electric field enhancement factor, and g is the geometrical correction factor depending on the cathode geometry.
Improving a high-efficiency, gated spectrometer for x-ray Thomson scattering experiments at the National Ignition Facility
Authors: Döppner T. , Kraus D. , Neumayer P. , Bachmann B. , Emig J. , Falcone R. W. , Fletcher L. B. , Hardy M. , Kalantar D. H. , Kritcher A. L. , Landen O. L. , Ma T. , Saunders A. M. , Wood R. D.
Published: August 2016

We are developing x-ray Thomson scattering for applications in implosion experiments at the National Ignition Facility. In particular we have designed and fielded MACS, a high-efficiency, gated x-ray spectrometer at 7.5–10 keV [T. Döppner et al., Rev. Sci. Instrum. 85, 11D617 (2014)]. Here we report on two new Bragg crystals based on Highly Oriented Pyrolytic Graphite (HOPG), a flat crystal and a dual-section cylindrically curved crystal. We have performed in situ calibration measurements using a brass foil target, and we used the flat HOPG crystal to measure Mo K-shell emission at 18 keV in 2nd order diffraction. Such high photon energy line emission will be required to penetrate and probe ultra-high-density plasmas or plasmas of mid-Z elements.
Anomalous properties and the liquid-liquid phase transition in gallium
Authors: Li Renzhong , Sun Gang , Xu Limei
Published: August 2016

A group of materials including water and silicon exhibit many anomalous behaviors, e.g., density anomaly and diffusivity anomaly (increase upon compression). These materials are hypothesized to have a liquid-liquid phase transition (LLPT) and the critical fluctuation in the vicinity of the liquid-liquid critical point is considered as the origin of different anomalies. Liquid gallium was also reported to have a LLPT, yet whether it shows similar water-like anomalies is not yet studied. Using molecular dynamics simulations on a modified embedded-atom model, we study the thermodynamic, dynamic, and structural properties of liquid gallium as well as its LLPT. We find that, similar to water-like materials predicted to have the LLPT, gallium also shows different anomalous behaviors (e.g., density anomaly, diffusivity anomaly, and structural anomaly). We also find that its thermodynamic and structural response functions are continuous and show maxima in the supercritical region, the loci of which asymptotically approach to the other and merge to the Widom line. These phenomena are consistent with the supercritical phenomenon in a category of materials with a liquid-liquid critical point, which could be common features in most materials with a LLPT.
Fisher information and Rényi dimensions: A thermodynamical formalism
Authors: Godó B. , Nagy Á.
Published: August 2016

The relation between the Fisher information and Rényi dimensions is established: the Fisher information can be expressed as a linear combination of the first and second derivatives of the Rényi dimensions with respect to the Rényi parameter β. The Rényi parameter β is the parameter of the Fisher information. A thermodynamical description based on the Fisher information with β being the inverse temperature is introduced for chaotic systems. The link between the Fisher information and the heat capacity is emphasized, and the Fisher heat capacity is introduced.
The conceptual design of interferometer/polarimeter system on HL-2M
Authors: Zhou Y. , Wang H. X. , Li Y. G. , Li Y. , Chen W. J. , Yi J. , Deng Z. C.
Published: August 2016

HL-2M is a new medium-sized tokamak with major radius of 1.78 m, minor radius of 0.65 m, and aspect ratio of 2.8 and will be finished soon. In the conceptual design, a double-pass, horizontal view, multi-channel far-infrared (FIR) laser interferometer/polarimeter system (at 432 μm) is proposed to simultaneously measure the phase change and the Faraday rotation for density and current profile reconstruction. A vertical CO2 dispersion interferometer system (with wavelength of 10.6 μm and 5.3 μm) is designed to measure the line density, which will mainly be used for density feedback. The performance of the system is expected to meet the requirement of the measurements on HL-2M, with phase accuracy ∼0.1°, time resolution ∼1 μs, spatial resolution ∼7.2 cm, and density measurement range of 1 × 10 18–1 ×1021 m−3.
Role of density modulation in the spatially resolved dynamics of strongly confined liquids
Authors: Saw Shibu , Dasgupta Chandan
Published: August 2016

Confinement by walls usually produces a strong modulation in the density of dense liquids near the walls. Using molecular dynamics simulations, we examine the effects of the density modulation on the spatially resolved dynamics of a liquid confined between two parallel walls, using a resolution of a fraction of the interparticle distance in the liquid. The local dynamics is quantified by the relaxation time associated with the temporal autocorrelation function of the local density. We find that this local relaxation time varies in phase with the density modulation. The amplitude of the spatial modulation of the relaxation time can be quite large, depending on the characteristics of the wall and thermodynamic parameters of the liquid. To disentangle the effects of confinement and density modulation on the spatially resolved dynamics, we compare the dynamics of a confined liquid with that of an unconfined one in which a similar density modulation is induced by an external potential. We find several differences indicating that density modulation alone cannot account for all the features seen in the spatially resolved dynamics of confined liquids. We also examine how the dynamics near a wall depends on the separation between the two walls and show that the features seen in our simulations persist in the limit of large wall separation.
Spatial resolution measurements of the advanced radiographic capability x-ray imaging system at energies relevant to Compton radiography
Authors: Hall G. N. , Izumi N. , Landen O. L. , Tommasini R. , Holder J. P. , Hargrove D. , Bradley D. K. , Lumbard A. , Cruz J. G. , Piston K. , Lee J. J. , Romano E. , Bell P. M. , Carpenter A. C. , Palmer N. E. , Felker B. , Rekow V. , Allen F. V.
Published: August 2016

Compton radiography provides a means to measure the integrity, ρR and symmetry of the DT fuel in an inertial confinement fusion implosion near peak compression. Upcoming experiments at the National Ignition Facility will use the ARC (Advanced Radiography Capability) laser to drive backlighter sources for Compton radiography experiments and will use the newly commissioned AXIS (ARC X-ray Imaging System) instrument as the detector. AXIS uses a dual-MCP (micro-channel plate) to provide gating and high DQE at the 40–200 keV x-ray range required for Compton radiography, but introduces many effects that contribute to the spatial resolution. Experiments were performed at energies relevant to Compton radiography to begin characterization of the spatial resolution of the AXIS diagnostic.
Heat flux estimates of power balance on Proto-MPEX with IR imaging
Authors: Showers M. , Biewer T. M. , Caughman J. B. O. , Donovan D. C. , Goulding R. H. , Rapp J.
Published: August 2016

The Prototype Material Plasma Exposure eXperiment (Proto-MPEX) at Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) is a precursor linear plasma device to the Material Plasma Exposure eXperiment (MPEX), which will study plasma material interactions (PMIs) for future fusion reactors. This paper will discuss the initial steps performed towards completing a power balance on Proto-MPEX to quantify where energy is lost from the plasma, including the relevant diagnostic package implemented. Machine operating parameters that will improve Proto-MPEX’s performance may be identified, increasing its PMI research capabilities.