bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Antibacterial activity of resazurin-based compounds against Neisseria gonorrhoeae.
Authors: Schmitt Deanna M , Connolly Kristie L , Jerse Ann E , Detrick Melinda S , Horzempa Joseph
Published: May 2022

Neisseria gonorrhoeae is the cause of the second most common sexually transmitted infection, with approximately 80 million new cases of gonorrhea reported annually. The recent emergence of clinical isolates resistant to the last monotherapy against this bacterium, the cephalosporins, illustrates the need for new anti-gonococcal agents. We recently identified resazurin, a commonly used viability dye, as a novel antibacterial agent against N. gonorrhoeae. While resazurin exhibited potent in vitro antimicrobial activity, in vivo, resazurin did not limit the colonization of mice with N. gonorrhoeae following vaginal infection. The ineffectiveness of resazurin in vivo is likely due to its interaction with serum albumin which completely diminishes its antimicrobial activity. Treatment of mice with a resazurin analog that maintains its antimicrobial activity in the presence of serum albumin, resorufin pentyl ether, however, approached a significant decrease in the percentage of mice vaginally colonized. This treatment also decreased vaginal colonization by N. gonorrhoeae over time. Together, these data suggest resazurin derivatives have potential for the treatment of gonorrhea. Current investigations in the laboratory are focused on the mechanism of action of these compounds which appears to be linked to the lipoprotein sorting system of this bacterium. (Supported by NIH Grant P20GM103434 to the West Virginia IDeA Network for Biomedical Research Excellence, a grant from NIH-NIAID [5K22AI087703], and funding from WV-NASA).
Moss diversity associated with several micro-habitats at high elevations in the northern West Virginia mountains.
Authors: Deal Robert , Henke Abigail
Published: May 2022

Moss specimens were collected within microhabitats from three sites within the northern West Virginia Mountains: western edge of the Dolly Sods National Wilderness, Canaan Valley, and Canaan Mountain.  The microhabitats that were evaluated included sandstone rocks in full sun and rocks that were shaded; sunny and shaded sphagnum bogs and swamps; sun exposed and shaded soil; and shaded logs.  Mosses from the microhabitats were collected, identified to species, and voucher specimens were prepared for storage at Shawnee State University. The overall goal of this research is to determine which mosses are associated with the several microhabitats typical of the high elevations of the northern West Virginia mountains.   To date, 46 moss species in 27 Families have been identified from the eight microhabitats investigated.
Putative Sensory Structures Associated with the Food Canal of Hybomitra difficilis (Diptera: Tabanidae).
Authors: Setser Emily , Joy James
Published: May 2022

The feeding tube of Hybomitra difficilis is made up of a short distal vestibule followed by a food canal that leads to the cibarium; the two regions demarcated by the vestibule/food canal junction. Two pairs of sensilla were consistently observed in the vestibular walls, the first pair of basiconic design in the mid-vestibular region, and the latter pair of setiform design at the base of the vestibule. Food canal sensilla, which varied from 45 to 73 (n = 20; mean = 50.15; ± 1 SD= 10.02), were aggregated in the distal and distal median regions of the food canal, with relatively few sensilla observed in the proximal food canal region. This aggregation was significant (X2 = 261.05; P < 0.0001), leading to rejection of the null hypothesis that sensilla were evenly distributed throughout the length of the food canal. Food canal sensilla were of the setiform or trichite type, with the exception of a single basiconic sensillum in each wall of the food canal of every fly examined. All but one basiconic sensilla were located in the distal-most region of the food canal. While basiconic sensilla varied in position (i.e., distance) from the vestibule/food canal junction, they were significantly aggregated (X 2 =  12.38; P < 0.0062) in the two median sections of the distal canal region, thus leading to the rejection of Ho that basiconic sensilla were evenly distributed in subdivisions (i.e., sections) of the distal food canal region.
Distribution of sensory sensilla throughout the foregut of Chrysops exitans (Diptera: Tabanidae).
Authors: Ranavaya II Mohammed Iqbal , Joy James
Published: May 2022

Sensilla of the foregut, beginning at the distal-most tip of the labrum and extending proximally through the food canal, epipharynx, and cibarium to the stomodaeum, were examined in n = 18 female specimens of Chrysops exitans Walker. Totals of 328 setiform sensilla (mean = 18.2; ± 1SD = 1.67; range, 14 to 20), and 36 basiconic sensilla (mean = 2.0; ± 1SD = 0) were observed in the food canal of n = 18 individuals in the sample population. Both types of sensilla were significantly aggregated distally in the canal.Five to 10 setiform sensilla were observed in each lateral wall of the epipharynx, and a single median group, consisting of both setiform and basiconic sensilla, was positioned immediately distal to the mouth opening into the cibarium. Additionally, two pairs of basiconic sensilla were consistently observed in the stomodaeum of every fly.
Validation of Marker Genes for the Rapid Alkalinization Factor Pathway in Arabidopsis thaliana
Authors: Hoffmaster Marshall , Gilkerson Jonathan
Published: May 2022

Most studies involving plant hormones has revolved around the study of small molecule hormones.  Although signaling mechanisms for these are well understood, signaling mechanisms involving peptide hormones remain understudied.  Our studies center on Rapid Alkalinization Factor (RALF), that when applied exogenously to plants causes rapid alkalization of the cell’s apoplast which inhibits cell growth and elongation. RALF consensus sequences have been found in all plant lineages examined, suggesting RALF plays a fundamental role in plant biology. The mechanisms by which RALF mediates its effects remain to be elucidated. We hypothesized, that like other plant signaling molecules, RALF influences plant growth in part by effecting  transcriptional changes.  This study aims to define the AtRALF1 transcriptional response in Arabidopsis thaliana and to establish bonafide RALF marker genes for molecular characterization of the pathway.  Two microarray time-course experiments were performed, one with exogenously applied AtRALF1 and another with estrogen-inducible AtRALF1 transgenic lines.  Over a 24-hour time-course with exogenous peptide and estrogen-induction, 4799 and 1128 genes significantly changed expression (p-value < 0.05, with a log2 fold difference of ± 1), respectively.  We performed cluster and gene ontology analysis on those genes to elucidate what biological processes RALF influences and determined calcium signaling, membrane modifications, and defense responses to be significant.  Comparing the time-courses for overlap identified a set of genes we think is the early transcriptional response for this pathway.  We are currently validating targets by qPCR.
Next generation sequencing analysis and map-based cloning of RALF-insensitive Arabidopsis thaliana lines
Authors: Quigley Ryan , Gilkerson Jonathan
Published: May 2022

The Rapid Alkalinization Factor (RALF) family, which plays a crucial role in plant growth and development, is a group of related peptide hormones found across the plant kingdom. RALF induces the alkalinization of the apoplast which triggers a signaling cascade that inhibits cell elongation and growth, although the full mechanism of action is unknown. In this project, a forward-genetics screen was used to identify EMS-mutagenized lines of Arabidopsis thaliana (Ler-0) that were resistant to AtRALF1-induced root growth arrest.  21 of these RALF-resistant mutant (RRM) lines were then re-sequenced using Illumina next-generation sequencing technologies in order to find causative mutations and potential mapping polymorphisms. The line RRM30 was found to have over 460 exonic SNPs after its genome was mapped to the reference and analyzed with the programs Geneious, Bowtie2, and SAMtools mpileup. These SNPs were then used to create a set of dCAPS mapping-markers for a bulked-segregant analysis of RRM30. Many of these markers have been tested and confirmed to be unique to RRM30 using PCR genotyping experiments and gel electrophoresis. Future examination of the bulked-segregant analysis should narrow down the causative mutation in this line and help identify genes required for a RALF response. The causative mutation will be confirmed with an allelism test to knockout lines of A. thaliana in this gene. Identification of genes required for this response will shed more light on the mechanism growth inhibition by RALF.
Predicting temperature at scales relevant for tree growth along elevational gradients in the central Appalachians
Authors: Jalil Amaris , Hoffman Sierra , Lesser Mark
Published: May 2022

It is well established that tree species grow within a realized niche. However, within that niche tree performance may not be equal. Therefore, we sought to quantify growth differentiation along elevational and climatic gradients in central Appalachia. A major issue of modelling tree growth is that regional weather stations are unable to capture fine-scale variation in temperature patterns along ecological gradients. To account for this variation, a linear regression model of temperature as a function of elevation was developed using daily temperature and precipitation data obtained from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration for nine different weather stations in and around Shenandoah National Park, from which fine-scale temperature patterns of specific stations could be plotted and predicted.            The elevational range of our study spanned 294-1022 meters, with an average lapse rate of -0.007 °C/m for maximum temperature, and -0.005 °C/m for minimum temperature. Models of red oak ring width against climate and topographic variables found that predominantly spring and autumn maximum and minimum temperature, and precipitation from both the current and previous year, most strongly influenced growth performance. It was also discovered that while spring maximum temperatures have been increasing at higher elevations, they remain relatively stable at lower elevations. Conversely, spring minimum temperatures are increasing at lower elevations and not at high elevations, indicating that the temperature envelope is expanding at high elevations and constricting at lower elevations. This may have significant implications for how tree species will respond to changing climate differentially along ecological gradients.
Investigating chicken bacterial cell density and serial dilutions: An educational approach
Authors: Lopez Johnna marie , Roof Steven
Published: May 2022

Serial dilutions to determine bacterial cell density is a standard technique taught in the microbiological laboratory.  Traditionally students are given a culture of bacteria to determine CFU/ml for the culture, a rather dead end experiment.  The goal of this experiment was to look for ways to make the traditional serial dilution lab more relevant, open ended and investigative.   All students know that raw chicken is contaminated with bacteria and when removed from the refrigerator for any length of time they expect the numbers of bacteria to increase significantly.  The question is increase by how much?  With this in mind students now have a reason to learn the serial dilution process.  To determine the feasibility of using Raw chicken, the chicken was incubated at 4 °C and room temperature (approximately 25 °C) for various times and serial dilutions were performed.   Our results show that an incubation time of 25o C for 72 hours results in a significant difference in colony counts and this time would be appropriate for use in the teaching lab. Student initiated extensions to this exercise could include varying the time or temperature or using selective media.
Uji Validitas Pengembangan Video Pembelajaran Matematika Sparkol Videoscribe Berbasis CTL untuk Siswa Kelas VIII SMP
Authors: Putri Budi Septiyana , Sulistyaningrum Heny
Published: May 2022

Pandemi Covid-19 memberi dampak yang sangat besar bagi seluruh dunia, terutama pelajar. Pembatasan aktivitas seluruh instansi pendidikan membuat pembelajaran daring (online) menjadi salah satu alternatif agar pembelajaran tetap terlaksana. Pembelajaran daring mengharuskan adanya pembaharuan dalam metode ataupun media pembelajaran supaya pembelajaran berlangsung efektif. Tujuan dari penelitan dan pengembangan ini adalah mengembangkan video pembelajaran matematika sparkol videoscribe berbasis CTL untuk siswa kleas VIII SMP. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah penelitian dan pengembangan yang menerapkan model ADDIE. Tahapan yang digunakan adalah observasi lapangan, pengumpulan data, desain produk, validasi oleh ahli, revisi produk, analisis data dan produk final. Penelitian ini tidak dilakukan uji coba karena terkendala adanya pembatasan aktivitas di sekolah akibat pandemi Covid-19. Berdasarkan hasil validasi para ahli materi, media dan bahasa mendapatkan kriteria layak untuk masing-masing persentase yaitu 77,5%, 80%, 86,2%.
Studi Biblika Tentang Perceraian Berdasarkan Kitab Perjanjian Baru
Authors: Sidin Isunmiati
Published: May 2022

The purpose of this research is to get a deep understanding of the principle of divorce in the book of the Blind Agreement. Researchers use the exegesis research method which is a careful and analytical study of a part of the Bible in order to achieve useful interpretations. Divorce is not God's plan, because "what God has united, must not be divorced by humans (Matthew 19: 6), whatever the reason God does not allow divorce because divorce violates God's design for marriage and violates the sacred pledge made before God. The Lord Jesus reminds the Bible's teachings about marriage institutions. Marriage law must be in harmony with God's purpose in establishing marriage. The implications of this study according to the explanation that has been explained, in connection with the theological study of divorce in the new. covenant, are as follows: Commitments are accompanied by agreements, certain of which aim to make the relationship of husband and wife more harmonious and return to God's plan at first.Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mendapatkan pemahaman mendalam tentang prinsip perceraian dalam kitab Perjanjian Baru. Peneliti memakai metode penelitian eksegese yaitu suatu penelaahan secara cermat dan analisis suatu bagian Alkitab agar dapat mencapai penafsiran yang bermanfaat. Perceraian bukan rancangan Allah, karena “apa yang telah dipersatukan Allah, tidak boleh diceraikan manusia (Matius 19:6), apapun alasannya Allah tidak mengijinkan perceraian karena perceraian melanggar rancangan Allah bagi perkawinan dan melanggar Ikrar janji suci yang di buat dihadapan Allah. Tuhan Yesus mengingatkan akan ajaran Alkitab mengenai Lembaga pernikahan. Hukum pernikahan harus selaras dengan tujuan Allah yang menetapkan pernikahan. Implikasi dari penelitian ini sesuai pemamparan yang telah dijelaskan, sehubungan dengan kajian teologi tentang perceraian dalam kitab Perjanjian Baru, adalah sebagai berikut : Komitmen disertai kesepakatan, tertentu yang bertujuan untuk membuat hubungan pasangan suami isteri lebih harmonis dan kembali kepada rencana Allah pada mulanya.
Strategi Pelayanan Lintas Budaya Berdasarkan 1 Petrus 2: 11-17
Authors: Andi Yohanes , Ingan Anye , Kaborang Ndawa
Published: May 2022

The times have made people to always work. The same thing happens with Christians. Some go to work, go to school, in a new place. When they go to a new place the church is not responsible. Looking for persuading Christians to search for a church is also looking for fellow churches. The church should take and compile any church member who will move to a new place. The problem statement in this study is a cross-cultural service strategy based on 1 Peter 2: 11-17? 1 Peter 2: 11-17. The method in this study, the author uses the hermeneutic or exegesis method of the biblical text, literature study to examine concepts or themes about the Bible about humanity with a supportive way of life. Based on a cross-cultural service strategy based on 1 Peter 2: 11-17. The author discovers two strategies that practice right living models and support the people involved.Perkembangan zaman membuat orang untuk selalu bekerja. Demikian juga hal yang terjadi dengan orang-orang Kristen. Ada yang pergi untuk bekerja, bersekolah, ditempat yang baru. Ketika mereka pergi ke tempat yang baru gereja tidak bertanggung jawab. Sehingga orang Kristen binggung untuk mencari gereja maupun mencari sesama jemaat. Seharusnya gereja mengambil andil ketika ada anggota jemaat yang akan pindah ke tempat baru. Rumusan masalah dalam penelitian ini adalaha bagaimana strategi pelayanan lintas budaya berdasarkan 1 Petrus 2: 11-17? Kemudian tujuan penulisan dari artikel ini yaitu untuk menjelasan strategi pelayanan lintas budaya berdasarkan 1 Petrus 2: 11-17. Metode dalam penelitian ini, penulis menggunakan metode hermeneutika atau eksegese terhadap teks Alkitab, studi Pustaka yaitu untuk menggambarkan konsep atau tema tentang Alkitab tentang umat Allah dengan cara hidup yang dilakukannya. Berdasarkan strategi pelayanan lintas budaya berdasarkan 1 Petrus 2: 11-17. Penulis menemukan dua strategi yaitu mempraktekkan keteladan hidup yang benar dan menghargai orang yang berpengaruh.
Kemuliaan Karya Keselamatan Allah Tritunggal: Studi Eksposisi Efesus 1:3-14
Authors: Wijoyo Sigit
Published: May 2022

The letter of Paul to the Ephesians gives us insight about God’s works in salvation history. This article intends to explain about doxology of Paul because of God’s salvation. Some interpretation using topical approach to interpreting Ephesians 1:3-14, so that deviated of Paul’s motive in his script. The author stresses on structure and grammatical arrangement of Paul’s writings to find a properly interpretation of Ephesians 1:3-14. AbstrakSurat Paulus kepada jemaat di Efesus memberi kita wawasan tentang karya-karya Allah dalam sejarah keselamatan. Artikel ini bermaksud menjelaskan tentang doksologi Paulus karena keselamatan Allah. Beberapa penafsiran menggunakan pendekatan topikal untuk menafsirkan Efesus 1: 3-14, sehingga menyimpang dari motif Paulus dalam naskahnya. Penulis menekankan pada struktur dan pengaturan tata bahasa dari tulisan-tulisan Paulus untuk menemukan interpretasi yang tepat dari Efesus 1: 3-14.
Makna Penggunaan Gaya Bahasa Ironi dalam Narasi Hakim-Hakim 4:1-24
Authors: Giyarto Giyarto , Adiatma Daniel Lindung
Published: May 2022

The book of judges is an important historical theological book in Old Testament Canon. This book uses narrative literature as common narrative books in Old Testament. Judges 4:1-24 is part of narrative book of Judges. Some interpretation books do not pay attention to literary approach. Especially on Judges 4:1-24 some interpretation only concern to Deborah dan Barak and their success. Irony is one of the language styles used in describing a narrative. This article aims to examine the meaning of the use of irony in the narrative of Judges 4: 1-24. Through narrative literary research and the use of irony in language, the interpreters discover the theological meanings that contained in the narrative of Israel's deliverance of the oppression. Abstrak Kitab Hakim-Hakim merupakan kitab sejarah teologis yang penting dalam kanon Perjanjian Lama yang memakai sastra narasi. Tidak banyak buku tafsir yang memeriksa penggunakan unsur sastra dalam menafsirkan kitab Hakim-Hakim 4:1-24. Ironi adalah salah satu gaya bahasa yang dipakai dalam melukiskan narasi. Artikel ini bertujuan meneliti makna penggunaan gaya bahasa ironi dalam narasi Hakim-Hakim 4:1-24. Melalui penelitian sastra narasi dan penggunaan gaya bahasa ironi, penafsir menemukan kekayaan makna teologis yang terkandung dalam narasi pembebasan Israel dari penindasan raja Kanaan.
Makna Pernyataan נִחַם יְהוָה עַל־זֹאת (niHam yhwh (ädönäy) al-zöt ) Dalam Amos 7:3 dan 6
Authors: Saputro Anon Dwi , Faot Julio Avner Oktavianus
Published: May 2022

This article explain the statement of God’s  regret in Amos 7: 3 and 6. This research uses a word study research method and a literary approach by paying attention to prophetic literature in the sub-genre of judgment. This study aims to explore the meaning and get the correct application of God's statement of regret. Some interpreters such as Thomas L. Constable, Jeff Niehaus, B. J. Boland etc. only emphasized the side of repentance and God's change of mind on the evil of Israel. But that word has nothing to do with repenting or turning to God. Immediately this statement was expressed only by the grace of God. The word "regret" refers to emotional or anthropopathic and God changed His plan. Abstrak Artikel ini menjelaskan mengenai pernyataan Allah menyesal dalam Amos 7:3 dan 6. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian studi kata dan pendekatan sastra dengan memperhatikan sastra nubuatan dalam sub genre penghakiman. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menggali makna dan mendapat penerapan yang tepat mengenai pernyataan Allah menyesal. Beberapa penafsir seperti Thomas L. Constable, Jeff Niehaus, B. J. Boland dll hanya menekankan kepada sisi petobatan dan perubahan pikiran Allah terhadap kejahatan Israel. Namun kata tersebut tidak ada kaitannya dengan bertobat atau berbalik kepada Allah. Serta merta pernyataan tersebut diungkapkan hanya oleh rahmat TUHAN. Kata “menyesal” menunjuk kepada emosi atau antropopatis dan TUHAN mengubah rencana-Nya.
Urgenitas Keterlibatan Orang Tua Dalam Menangani Psikologi Anak Selama Belajar Di Masa Pandemi
Authors: Hutahaean Frederik Patar , Tafonao Talizaro
Published: May 2022

This study aims to determine the extent of the responsibility of parents in assisting children in learning during the pandemic. This study departs from the author's empirical observation that online learning during a pandemic profoundly impacts children's psychology. This can be seen in the reactions of each child as reviewed in this article. This study uses the literature method with a descriptive qualitative approach. The analysis process is to use various literary sources including journals, books, and other reliable reference materials to support the author's analysis of parental involvement in dealing with child psychology. The results found in this study indicate that parental responsibility and strategy are the primary keys in dealing with child psychology. Thus the involvement of people in accompanying children during the pandemic is very significant. AbstrakTujuan kajian ini adalah untuk mengetahui sejauh mana tanggung jawab orang tua dalam mendampingi anak dalam belajar selama pandemi. Kajian ini berangkat dari pengamatan penulis secara empiris bahwa pembelajaran daring selama pandemi sangat berdampak pada psikologis anak dan hal ini terlihat dalam reaksi setiap anak sebagaimana ulasan dalam artikel ini. Kajian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif deskriptif. Proses analisis yang dilakukan adalah menggunakan berbagai sumber literatur-literatur baik jurnal, buku dan bahan referensi lainnya yang terpercaya untuk mendukung analisis penulis yang berhubungan dengan keterlibatan orang tua dalam menangani psikologi anak. Hasil yang ditemukan dalam kajian ini menunjukkan bahwa tanggung jawab orang tua dan strategi merupakan kunci utama dalam menangani psikologi anak. Dengan demikian keterlibatan orang dalam mendampingi anak selama pandemi sangat signifikan.
Peran Guru Kristen Dalam Perkembangan Anak Sekolah Dasar
Authors: Dupe Rony Zadrach , Tangkin Wiyun Philipus
Published: May 2022

Pada masa pandemi COVID-19 proses pembelajaran dalam pendidikan berubah dari proses pembelajaran secara langsung  menjadi proses pembelajaran jarak jauh berbasis daring. Perubahan proses pembelajaran yang terjadi memengaruhi kondisi perkembangan psikologi anak pada masa sekolah dasar. Hal ini selaras dengan hasil survei Riset Kesehatan Dasar terdapat 16.000 anak di Jawa Timur mengalami depresi selama masa COVID-19. Perubahan proses pembelajaran menjadi faktor yang dapat memengaruhi kondisi sosioemosi anak. Penulisan ini bertujuan untuk membangun pemahaman guru dalam melihat dan merespons perubahan yang saat ini berdampak pada perkembangan psikologis anak. Pada masa pandemi COVID-19 ini penting untuk memerhatikan perkembangan psikologi anak terkhususnya sosiemosinya. Proses pembelajaran jarak jauh tidak menghambat guru dalam menuntun anak memiliki pemahaman yang benar mengenai situasi yang terjadi dan sikap untuk menghadapinya. Pembahasan dalam makalah ini dilakukan menggunakan metode kajian literatur yang didasarkan pada kebenaran Alkitab. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa guru Kristen harus memiliki pemahaman yang benar berdasarkan Alkitab dan membagikannya kepada anak. Pemahaman tersebut dapat membantu anak mengerti cara  yang tepat menyikapi sebuah masalah berdasarkan kebenaran Alkitab.Oleh karena itu, penting bagi guru untuk memiliki pemahaman yang benar sesuai Alkitab.
Perkembangan Metode Pedagogi Pendidikan Agama Kristen Di Indonesia dan Maknanya Di Era Digital
Authors: Sambul Tirsa Anggreini , Lado Addy Purnomo , Harapan Sanga
Published: May 2022

The pedagogy method plays a significant role in the learning process to achieve the predetermined purpose of learning. The methods of Christian pedagogical education should be present by every teacher, teacher at the school, a parent at home, or shepherd or builder in the church. However, the authors have unearthed several facts that teachers have not fully understood pedagogy's methods, particularly in Christian religious education. The authors still find that the educators lack creativity in teaching learners. In addition, the writer has discovered that some teachers are less familiar with the development of the pedagogical method in Christian religious education. Thus the writers have found it necessary to study the ways of Christian education pedagogical in the light of the history of Christian religious education in Indonesia and its significance for the practice of Christian religious education in the digital age. It is hoped that the study will help teachers learn the pedagogical methods of the history of Christian education and improve the digital age's academic ability to support learners in learning Christian religious education both in schools, in churches, and families.AbstrakMetode pedagogi sangat berperan penting dalam proses pembelajaran guna mencapai tujuan pembelajaran yang sudah ditentukan sebelumnya. Metode pedagogi Pendidikan Agama Kristen seharusnya dimiliki oleh setiap pengajar baik guru di sekolah, orang tua di rumah, maupun gembala atau pembina di gereja. namun, penulis menemukan beberapa fakta yang menunjukkan bahwa para guru belum sepenuhnya memahami metode pedagogi khususnya di dalam Pendidikan Agama Kristen. Penulis masih menemukan bahwa kurangnya kreatifitas para pendidik dalam mengajar peserta didik. Selain itu, penulis juga menemukan fakta bahwa ada beberapa guru kurang memahami sejarah perkembangan metode pedagogi dalam pendidikan Agama Kristen. Oleh karena itu penulis merasa perlu untuk meneliti tentang metode pedagogi Pendidikan Agama Kristen dilihat dari perkembangan sejarah Pendidikan Agama Kristen di Indonesia serta maknanya bagi praktek Pendidikan Agama Kristen di Era Digital. Penelitian ini diharapkan dapat membantu para pengajar untuk bisa belajar metode pedagogi dari perkembangan sejarah Pendidikan Agama Kristen serta dapat mengembangkan kemampuan mendidik di era digital guna mendukung para peserta didik dalam belajar pendidikan agama Kristen baik di sekolah, gereja dan keluarga.
Pembelajaran Daring Ditinjau Dari Prespektif Pendidikan Demokrasi
Authors: Letlora Helen Riana
Published: May 2022

This research aims to analyze online learning problems and solutions from a democratic education perspective. This was using literature research with a qualitative descriptive approach. The data was collected by conducting secondary data documentation sourced from survey institution data, exceptional cases from updated news, and research studies on a related topic. Online learning is a learning situation that can only occur when using technology facilities. Problems in online learning include limited facilities, situation learning is not conducive, and teachers are not competent to use computers for learning design. The solution was needed for awareness of every education stakeholder: the central government, teachers, and students and the local and village government, and communities to support the learning creation of self-sufficient, independent, and responsible.  AbstrakPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pembelajaran daring mencakup masalah dan solusinya dikaji dari prespektif pendidikan demokrasi. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kepustakaan dengan pendekatan deskriptif kualitatif. Teknik pengambilan data berupa dokumentasi data sekunder yang bersumber dari data lembaga survei, kasus khusus dari berita terkini, dan kajian penelitian. Pembelajaran daring  merupakan suatu situasi belajar yang hanya dapat berlangsung bila menggunakan fasilitas teknologi. Masalah-masalah dalam pembelajaran daring meliputi : keterbatasan penyediaan fasilitas, situasi lingkungan belajar yang kurang kondusif, kurangnya kompetensi guru dalam memanfatkan teknologi dalam mendesain pembelajaran secara daring. Solusi dalam mengatasi masalah tersebut yaitu perlunya kesadaran setiap stake holder pendidikan, tidak hanya pemerinta pusat, guru dan siswa tetapi juga pemerintah derah bahkan desa serta masyarakat untuk turut mendukung terciptanya suasana pembelajaran yang mandiri, merdeka dan bertanggung jawab.
Relevansi Pemahaman yang Benar Tentang Gereja Bagi Orang Percaya Masa Kini
Authors: Budiman Sabda , Doma Yabes
Published: May 2022

This wrong understanding of the church affects one's actions towards applying one's faith. The importance of proper and basic knowledge of the church is the need of every believer today—the need for a renewal of the correct understanding of the church. The need for a fundamental and biblical account of the church encourages the author to deepen the discussion of the church's doctrine. The problem in this research is: what are the misconceptions about the church? And what is the correct understanding of the church according to the Bible and its relevance for believers today? This study aims to discuss the knowledge of the church based on the perspective of the Bible and its significance for believers today. The method that the author uses is a qualitative-descriptive research method. The results of this study reveal that the church is not a building, denomination, or "me," but the church is more understood as an association of believers who have a goal to fellowship and build each other up. AbstrakPemahaman yang keliru tentang gereja itu mempengaruhi tindakan seseorang terhadap penerapan imannya. Pentingnya pemahaman yang benar dan mendasar dari gereja menjadi kebutuhan setiap orang percaya pada masa kini. perlunya pembaharuan akan pemahaman yang benar tentang gereja. Kebutuhan akan pengertian tentang gereja secara mendasar dan alkitabiah, mendorong penulis untuk mendalami pembahasan doktrin tentang gereja. Rumusan masalah dalam penelitian ini adalah: apa saja pemahaman yang keliru tentang gereja? Dan bagaiamana pemahaman yang benar tentang gereja menurut Alkitab serta relevansinya bagi orang percaya pada masa kini? Penelitian ini bertujuan membahas tentang pengertian gereja berdasarkan persepktif Alkitab dan relevansinya bagi orang percaya masa kini. Metode yang penulis gunakan ialah penelitian kualitatif-deskriptif. Hasil penelitian mengungkapkan bahwa gereja bukanlah gedung, denominasi, atau pun “saya”, tetapi lebih dipahami sebagai perkumpulan orang-orang percaya yang memiliki tujuan untuk bersekutu dan saling membangun satu dengan yang lainnya.
Expression of HPV16 Oncoprotein E7 in Precancerous Lesions and Cervical Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Saniba Verli , Wresnindyatsih  , Musa Zulkarnain , Hafy Zen
Published: May 2022

BackgroundCervical cancer is the secondmost common malignancy in women worldwide.The vast majority of cervical cancersare associatedwith high risk HPV16 infection. The persistence of HPV16 and integration of viral DNA into cell genome are necessary for thedevelopment of precancerous lesion and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the cervix. The integration of viral DNA in the host cellgenome resulted in the regulation of oncoprotein E7 leading to detection of HPV16 E7 expression in precancerous lesions and SCCof the cervix.The aim of this study was to evaluate differences of HPV16 E7 expression in precancerous lesions and cervical SCC.MethodsAn observational study with cross-sectional design was performedat Department of Anatomical Pathology Faculty of MedicineUniversity of Sriwijaya/dr. Mohammad Hoesin General Hospital Palembang, from 1st July 2014 to 30st Juni 2017. The selectedsamples consisted of 25 precancerous cases lesions (13 cases of LSIL and 12 samples of HSIL) and SCC (25 cases).Immuhistochemical stained was conducted using HPV16 E7 antibody. Fisher exact’s test was used to analyze differences inexpression of HPV16 E7 among precancerous lesions and cervical SCC.ResultsThe pracancerous lesions occurred mostly between the ages of 30-40 years, while SCC were those between the ages of 51-60years. All SCC cases (100%) and 91.6% of HSIL showed weak to strong HPV16 E7 expression, and 84.6% cases of LSIL showedimmunonegative.ConclusionThe positivity of HPV16 E7 increased in HSIL and KSS lesions.
Role of CD44 in Non-Alcoholic Steatohepatitis (NASH) Progressivity
Authors: Sarwanti  , Stephanie Marini , Kodariah Ria
Published: May 2022

Non alcoholic Steatohepatitis (NASH) is part of a group of conditions called Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Diseases(NAFLD) where it is a chronic disease, which defined after elimination other causes of fatty liver, such as excessivealcohol consumption and other causes of chronic liver diseases. NASH is fatty liver disease which characterized byballooning of hepatocyte and lobular inflammation with or without fibrosis. Histopathology diagnose on NASH can bedefined by performing liver biopsy. The purpose of liver biopsy is to define level and degree of the disease. Cluster ofDifferentiation (CD) 44 is a transmembrane glycoprotein receptor which located on the surface of macrophage cells,lymphocytes and endothelial cells. In studies which conducted on mice and humans, showed that CD44 playsimportant role in the progression of NASH. CD44 regulates inflammation of adipose tissue and liver. CD44 ispresumed as a marker which increase macrophage infiltration and other inflammatory cells on liver. This processleads to ultimate increment on insulin resistance and fatty liver. Deficiency was discovered on mice which injectedwith methionine and choline deficiency diet (MCDD). CD44 is associated with preventive method to prevent livercomplication by reducing macrophage or monocyte and as well as neutrophil accumulation in liver which wasevaluated through reducing numbers of inflammatory focus, expression of inflammatory cytokines: tumor necrosisfactor α (TNFα), interleukin (IL) -1B and nitric oxide synthesis (iNOS), and pro-inflammatory types of macrophage. Inobese patients, number of CD44 is predicted to be increasing.
Perspektif Teks Anekdot dalam Kurikulum 2013 menurut Penilaian Guru Bahasa Indonesia Jenjang SLTA
Authors: Hadi Wisman , Ansari Khairil
Published: May 2022

Penelitian deskriptif ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan perspektif teks anekdot menurut penilaian guru Bahasa Indonesia jenjang SLTA. Melalui tujuan ini dapat diketahuai perihal teks anekdot perspektif bahasa atau teks anekdot perspektif sastra. Penelitian dilakukan di berbagai SLTA yang terdapat di sebagian kecil kota di Pulau Sumatera dan Pulau Jawa. Penelitian berlangsung di bulan Maret dan April 2022. Populasi penelitian adalah para guru Bahasa Indonesia jenjang SLTA. Mereka berjumlah 50 orang guru yang submit kuesioner melalui google form. Sampel ditetapkan sebanyak 45 orang yang didasari pada tabel populasi-sampel pada tingkat kepercayaan 95persen. Anggota sampel ditarik secara random sederhana tanpa pengembalian. Instrumen penelitian adalah kuesioner perspektif teks anekdotmenurut penilaian guru SLTA. Kuesioner menggunakan sistem tertutup yang disusun dengan memenuhi syarat instrumen yang valid. Data perspektif teks anekdot menurut penilaian guru SLTA dianalisis secara statistik deskriptif menggunakan prosedur modus. Data perspektif teks anekdot menurut penilaian guru SLTA menurut tingkat pendidikan guru dan kelompok SLTA dianalisis secara tematik. Hasil penelitian memperlihatkan bahwa guru Bahasa Indonesia jenjang SLTA menilai teks anekdot perspektif sastra. Tidak terdapat perbedaan perspektif teks anekdot menurut penilaian guru SLTA berdasarkan status kepegawaian guru, jenis kelamin guru, tingkat pendidikan guru, perihal sertifikasi pendidik, dan masa kerja guru.
Effects of Long-Term Storage on the Quality of Palm Oil Biodiesel and Canola Oil Biodiesel
Authors: Wahyono Yoyon , Hadiyanto Hadiyanto , Budihardjo Mochamad Arief , Baihaqi Rifqi Ahmad , Syahida Ainun Nurusy
Published: May 2022

Effective storage of biodiesel has proven to be a challenge, which the Indonesian government has invested billions of Indonesian rupiahs (IDR) in to overcome. It is thus important to investigate how different storage methods can affect the quality of biodiesel. The purpose of this study was to determine how storage at room temperature in the dark affects the quality of palm oil biodiesel (POB) and canola oil biodiesel (COB). POB and COB were stored in closed containers at 22 °C in the dark for 12 months. The results showed that POB was more significantly damaged than COB. This study found increases of density (POB by 51.52 kg/m3 and COB by 17.52 kg/m3), kinematic viscosity (POB by 0.67 mm2/s and COB by 0.32 mm2/s), acid value (POB by 0.27 mg-KOH/g and COB by 0.25 mg-KOH/g), total glycerol (POB by 0.58%-mass and COB by 0.60%-mass), and peroxide value (POB by 48 meq-O2/kg and COB by 54 meq-O2/kg), whereas there were decreases in fatty acid methyl esters (POB by 7.11%-mass and COB by 9.36%-mass). Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry results for POB and COB showed decreases in 9-octadecenoic acid methyl ester and 9,12-octadecadienoic acid (Z,Z)-methyl ester, and increases in 9-octadecenoic acid and 9,12-octadecadienoic acid (Z,Z). Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) results revealed the presence of methyl ester functional groups. The storage of biodiesel in a closed container at 22 °C in the dark can minimize biodiesel oxidation, as evidenced by the findings of this study, namely, the insignificant formation of ketone and aldehyde groups in the biodiesel oxidation process during storage, based on the results of FTIR.
Operating Variables on Production of High Purity Bio-silica from Rice Hull Ash by Extraction Process
Authors: Steven Soen , Restiawaty Elvi , Bindar Yazid
Published: May 2022

The huge amount of rice hull biomass available in Indonesia can be utilized as raw material for bio-silica production. This study investigated the production of high-purity bio-silica from rice hull ash through an alkaline extraction process. A full factorial design (FFD) was used to screen for significant effects of the observed variables. Three operating variables – acid concentration, solvent to feed ratio (RS/F), and extraction time – were investigated with the purpose of obtaining a high yield and high purity of bio-silica. Yield and purity above 96% were achieved by using pretreatment with 1 mol/L HCl. Employing an RS/F of 5 and a longer extraction time improved the bio-silica yield. The operating variable that enhanced the bio-silica yield and purity most was acid concentration. All variable interactions had an insignificant effect on purity, while two interacting variables had a significant effect on bio-silica yield. Based on the results of this study, rice crop residue can be optimally converted to a bio-silica product in terms of yield and purity by optimizing the most effective operating variables.
Lying in the Middle
Authors: Johnson Jake
Published: May 2022

This book theorizes and conceptualizes the Middle space musical theater maintains in America--between professional and amateur, urban and rural, fact and fiction, fantasy and reality, truth and deception. It focuses on communities in the middle of America who, for various reasons, use homegrown musicals to distance themselves from truth. Musicals grant such communities space to engage belief and religion, to flex the tension musicals maintain between reality and unreality in order to imagine worlds unlike their own. This book makes the case that musicals are a particular form of lying. Building upon anthropologist Mary Douglas’s observation that dirt is simply “matter out of place,” this book promotes what might be called prosocial lies as no less than “stories out of place.” In this moment when truth and facts have lost currency, this book suggest lies have more to offer the world than is often admitted. Whereas musicals promote lying as a means of imagining worlds unlike our own, it concludes we must first fiercely embrace and commit to the Middle space of lying in order to jolt ourselves out of the current post-truth malaise and move toward building a world that is more in line with hopes of justice, reconciliation, and community. Whatever web of deception musicals spin for Americans, this book claims we desperately need more of it and now.
Re-Placing the American Musical
Authors: Johnson Jake
Published: May 2022

This chapter offers an overview of musical theater’s development in America, arguing for a reassessment of New York City’s centrality in the genre’s history. Musical theater emerges out of vaudeville, blackface minstrelsy, operetta, burlesque, ethnic theater, and other theatrical forms. These influences merged urban and rural sensibilities, and this chapter shows how fluidly theatrical values exchanged among cultural outposts in the middle of the country and the eventual commercial centers of Broadway and Hollywood. Contrary to popular opinion, these commercial centers do not define the history or work of musicals in America. In conclusion, this chapter argues that musicals must be re-placed--untethered solely from places of commercial industry and imagined as doing valuable work among communities in America’s Middle.
Bibliographic Essay
Authors: Haglund Kristine L.
Published: May 2022

This chapter points readers toward further exploration of England’s work on several key themes: pedagogy, feminism and gender, Mormon literature, Mormonism and race, pacifism, and poetry.
Modulation and Displacement
Authors: Madrid Alejandro L.
Published: May 2022

Using the musical metaphor of modulation and metric displacement, this chapter explores the migration experience of Tania León in relation to questions about diaspora, adaptation, family, and Cold War politics. By following the painful process of León dealing with her relatives in Cuba, this chapter provides an exploration of how policies on both sides of the Florida strait have been sources of stress, anxiety, and division for the Cuban and Cuban American communities.
Direction
Authors: Madrid Alejandro L.
Published: May 2022

This chapter takes the accidental concatenation of events that led León into an unforeseen conducting career to explore the idea of conductivity as a metaphor of leadership. Here, a conductor is not only someone who leads the way but also someone who creates the conditions conducive for things to happen. This chapter provides not only a narrative about León’s conducting career—with an emphasis on her work with the Brooklyn Philharmonic, the New York Philharmonic, and the American Composers Orchestra—but also an examination of the professional, creative, and community networks through which she has become an influential mentor for younger musicians, a role model for several generations of artists, and the force behind the foundation of initiatives like Composers Now.
Canon
Authors: Madrid Alejandro L.
Published: May 2022

This chapter reflects upon the ways in which León’s life and works have been portrayed to create the idea of an artistic legacy. The chapter unfolds around three concepts: representation, identity, and legacy. The first part is an exploration of the ways in which Tania León has been represented in literature about music in the United States and Latin America. The second part is devoted to León’s discourse of self-identification and provides a detailed exploration of the ways in which she rejects identity labels and the implications of this rejection. The final section assesses León’s current legacy as a musician, artist, educator, and community organizer in relation to the way processes of canonization of León and her work have unfolded for several years.
Cheffes de Cuisine
Authors: Black Rachel E.
Published: May 2022

In 1933, Eugénie Brazier earned three Michelin stars for both of her restaurants—she was the first person to claim these high accolades and the only woman to ever do so. Brazier’s rise to fame helped establish Lyon’s place as the gastronomic capital of France, but it did not ensure that women would continue to lead the way in professional kitchens. Women are celebrated home cooks and guardians of French cuisine, but they have largely failed to achieve the same recognition for their craft in the professional kitchen. The small number of women who have succeeded in the culinary arts are celebrated as exceptions. This book looks at the historical and contemporary reasons for the underrepresentation of women in culinary professions in France, a country where cuisine is considered an important cultural form. It considers the strategies that women use to enter and move ahead in what is often a hostile work environment where gender inequality persists. The author explores the realities of women who cook professionally through their own culinary education and apprenticeship as well as extensive interviews with female and male cooks, chefs, and journalists. Lyon serves as a rich field site for discovering women’s resilience, skill and challenges as they seek to make their mark in the culinary arts.
Stars in Their Eyes
Authors: Black Rachel E.
Published: May 2022

This chapter focuses on women cooking haute cuisine. Women’s glaring underrepresentation in culinary competitions and top awards says a lot about gender bias and discrimination that is most prominent at the top of the culinary industry. The professional lives of Tabata Mey, a Top Chef finalist and rising Lyonnais star, and Audrey Jacquier, a 2014 French Team Bocuse d’Or contender and Meilleur Ouvrier de France hopeful, will illustrate the different careers paths of young women cooking at the top of their profession. This chapter pays particular attention to the role of media in shaping representations of what it means to be a woman in a professional kitchen. Media representations play a central role in shaping public and professional perceptions of women who cook.
Cheffe De Cuisine
Authors: Black Rachel E.
Published: May 2022

This chapter looks the gendered organizational structures of the French restaurant kitchen and at women who have dared to change the gendered ways of doing in these professional spaces. It begins by considering the term cheffe, the debate in the Académie française around the feminization of this professional title, the way feminist journalists have adopted it to make women more visible, but also how women who cook find it problematic. This chapter focuses on the careers of Paulette Castaing, Sonia Ezgulian, and Connie Zagora in order to demonstrate that it is possible to cook, and run a kitchen, outside of the masculine gender norms. Reordering the kitchen, breaking down hierarchies, and changing ways of learning and doing are all part of this subversion of male-dominated gendered work in the professional kitchen.