bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Role of Downflows in Establishing Solar Near-surface Shear
Authors: Matilsky Loren I. , Hindman Bradley W. , Toomre Juri
Published: February 2019

The dynamical origins of the Sun’s tachocline and near-surface shear layer (NSSL) are still not well understood. We have attempted to self-consistently reproduce an NSSL in numerical simulations of a solar-like convection zone by increasing the density contrast across rotating 3D spherical shells. We explore the hypothesis that high density contrast leads to near-surface shear by creating a rotationally unconstrained layer of fast flows near the outer surface. Although our high-contrast models do have near-surface shear, it is confined primarily to low latitudes (between ±15°). Two distinct types of flow structures maintain the shear dynamically: rotationally constrained Busse columns aligned with the rotation axis and fast, rotationally unconstrained downflow plumes that deplete angular momentum from the outer fluid layers. The plumes form at all latitudes and, in fact, are more efficient at transporting angular momentum inward at high latitudes. The presence of Busse columns at low latitudes thus appears essential to creating near-surface shear in our models. We conclude that a solar-like NSSL is unobtainable from a rotationally unconstrained outer fluid layer alone. In numerical models, the shear is eliminated through the advection of angular momentum by the meridional circulation. Therefore, a detailed understanding of how the solar meridional circulation is dynamically achieved will be necessary to elucidate the origin of the Sun’s NSSL.
An illustrated key to the species of the genus Narella (Cnidaria, Octocorallia, Primnoidae)
Authors: Cairns Stephen D. , Taylor Michelle L.
Published: February 2019

A history of the description of the 50 valid species ofNarellais given, beginning with the first species described in 1860. To help differentiate the various species, a tabular and a polychotomous key are provided. The species in the keys are arranged using nine characters or character sets that are believed to be of value at the species level. New characters or new significance given to previously described characters used in our keys include: 1) the nature of the dorsolateral edge of the basal scale, being ridged or not, 2) the thickness of the body wall scales, and 3) the arrangement of the coenenchymal scales (imbricate or mosaic), their thickness (thin or massive), and their outer surface ornamentation (ridged or not). All characters used in the keys are illustrated.
Three new species of the spider genus Luzonacera Li & Li, 2017 from Philippines (Araneae, Psilodercidae)
Authors: Chang Wan-Jin , Li Fengyuan , Li Shuqiang
Published: February 2019

Three new species of Luzonacera Li & Li, 2017 are described: L.francescoballarini Li & Li, sp. n. (♂♀), L.lattuensis Li & Li, sp. n. (♂♀) and L.peterjaegeri Li & Li, sp. n. (♂♀). Prior to this study, the genus was known by two species, both from Luzon Island, Philippines. So far, the genus and all five species are endemic to Luzon Island and can be found in dry or humid caves in a dark environment.
Vaccination Guidelines for Patients with Immune-mediated Disorders Taking Immunosuppressive Therapies: Executive Summary
Authors: Papp Kim A. , Haraoui Boulos , Kumar Deepali , Marshall John K. , Bissonnette Robert , Bitton Alain , Bressler Brian , Gooderham Melinda , Ho Vincent , Jamal Shahin , Pope Janet E. , Steinhart A. Hillary , Vinh Donald C. , Wade John
Published: February 2019

The use of immunosuppressive therapies for immune-mediated disease is associated with an elevated risk of infections and related comorbidities. While many infectious diseases can generally be prevented by vaccines, immunization rates in this specific patient population remain suboptimal, due in part to uncertainty about their efficacy or safety under these clinical situations. To address this concern, a multidisciplinary group of Canadian physicians with expertise in dermatology, gastroenterology, infectious diseases, and rheumatology developed evidence-based clinical guidelines on vaccinations featuring 13 statements that are aimed at reducing the risk of preventable infections in individuals exposed to immunosuppressive and immunomodulatory agents.
The OMERACT Core Domain Set for Clinical Trials of Shoulder Disorders
Authors: Ramiro Sofia , Page Matthew J. , Whittle Samuel L. , Huang Hsiaomin , Verhagen Arianne P. , Beaton Dorcas E. , Richards Pamela , Voshaar Marieke , Shea Beverley , van der Windt Danielle A. , Kopkow Christian , Lenza Mario , Jain Nitin B. , Richards Bethan , Hill Catherine , Gill Tiffany K. , Koes Bart , Foster Nadine E. , Conaghan Philip G. , Smith Toby , Malliaras Peter , Roe Yngve , Gagnier Joel J. , Buchbinder Rachelle
Published: February 2019

Objective.

To reach consensus on the core domains to be included in a core domain set for clinical trials of shoulder disorders using the Outcome Measures in Rheumatology (OMERACT) Filter 2.1 Core Domain Set process.

Methods.

At OMERACT 2018, the OMERACT Shoulder Working Group conducted a workshop that presented the OMERACT 2016 preliminary core domain set and its rationale based upon a systematic review of domains measured in shoulder trials and international Delphi sessions involving patients, clinicians, and researchers, as well as a new systematic review of qualitative studies on the experiences of people with shoulder disorders. After discussions in breakout groups, the OMERACT core domain set for clinical trials of shoulder disorders was presented for endorsement by OMERACT 2018 participants.

Results.

The qualitative review (n = 8) identified all domains included in the preliminary core set. An additional domain, cognitive dysfunction, was also identified, but confidence that this represents a core domain was very low. The core domain set that was endorsed by the OMERACT participants, with 71% agreement, includes 4 “mandatory” trial domains: pain, function, patient global — shoulder, and adverse events including death; and 4 “important but optional” domains: participation (recreation/work), sleep, emotional well-being, and condition-specific pathophysiological manifestations. Cognitive dysfunction was voted out of the core domain set.

Conclusion.

OMERACT 2018 delegates endorsed a core domain set for clinical trials of shoulder disorders. The next step includes identification of a core outcome measurement set that passes the OMERACT 2.1 Filter for measuring each domain.
The OMERACT MRI in Enthesitis Initiative: Definitions of Key Pathologies, Suggested MRI Sequences, and a Novel Heel Enthesitis Scoring System
Authors: Mathew Ashish J. , Krabbe Simon , Eshed Iris , Gandjbakhch Frédérique , Bird Paul , Pedersen Susanne J. , Stoenoiu Maria S. , Foltz Violaine , Glinatsi Daniel , Lambert Robert G. , Hermann Kay Geert A. , Maksymowych Walter P. , Haugen Ida K. , Jaremko Jacob L. , Poggenborg René P. , Paschke Joel , Laredo Jean-Denis , Carron Philippe , Conaghan Philip G. , Østergaard Mikkel
Published: February 2019

Objective.

To develop and validate an enthesitis magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scoring system for spondyloarthritis/psoriatic arthritis, using the heel as model.

Methods.

Consensus definitions of key pathologies and 3 heel enthesitis multireader scoring exercises were done, separated by discussion, training, and calibration.

Results.

Definitions for bone and soft tissue pathologies were agreed. In the final exercise, median pairwise single-measures intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC; patient-level) for entheseal inflammation status/change scores were 0.83/0.82 for all readers. For radiologists and selected rheumatologists, ICC were 0.91/0.84 and quadratic-weighted κ (lesion-level) 0.57–0.91/0.45–0.81.

Conclusion.

The proposed definitions and Heel Enthesitis Scoring System (HEMRIS) are reliable among trained readers and promising for clinical trials.
Instrument Selection Using the OMERACT Filter 2.1: The OMERACT Methodology
Authors: Beaton Dorcas E. , Maxwell Lara J. , Shea Beverley J. , Wells George A. , Boers Maarten , Grosskleg Shawna , Bingham Clifton O. , Conaghan Philip G. , D’Agostino Maria Antonietta , de Wit Maarten P. , Gossec Laure , March Lyn M. , Simon Lee S. , Singh Jasvinder A. , Strand Vibeke , Tugwell Peter
Published: February 2019

Objective.

Outcome Measures in Rheumatology (OMERACT) Filter 2.1 revised the process used for core outcome measurement set selection to add rigor and transparency in decision making. This paper describes OMERACT’s methodology for instrument selection.

Methods.

We presented instrument selection processes, tools, and reporting templates at OMERACT 2018, introducing the concept of “3 pillars, 4 questions, 7 measurement properties, 1 answer.” Truth, discrimination, and feasibility are the 3 original OMERACT pillars. Based on these, we developed 4 signaling questions. We introduced the Summary of Measurement Properties table that summarizes the 7 measurement properties: truth (domain match, construct validity), discrimination [test-retest reliability, longitudinal construct validity (responsiveness), clinical trial discrimination, thresholds of meaning], and feasibility. These properties address a set of standards which, when met, answer the one question: Is there enough evidence to support the use of this instrument in clinical research of the benefits and harms of treatments in the population and study setting described? The OMERACT Filter 2.1 was piloted on 2 instruments by the Psoriatic Arthritis Working Group.

Results.

The methodology was reviewed in a full plenary session and facilitated breakout groups. Tools to facilitate retention of the process (i.e., “The OMERACT Way”) were provided. The 2 instruments were presented, and the recommendation of the working group was endorsed in the first OMERACT Filter 2.1 Instrument Selection votes.

Conclusion.

Instrument selection using OMERACT Filter 2.1 is feasible and is now being implemented.
Résilience et renaissance
Authors: Calvez Jean-Michel
Published: February 2019

S’appuyant sur quelques romans « réalistes » majeurs ou significatifs issus d’un sous-genre de la science-fiction appelé « post-apocalyptique », l’auteur analyse la gamme de comportements humains possibles face à l’émergence d’un désastre majeur (que celui-ci soit ou non d’origine naturelle), tels qu’exposés par les auteurs de ces romans via leur propre vision d’un « monde d’après ». Par transposition ou extrapolation, la science-fiction permet d’imaginer nos réactions éventuelles face à certains des défis et difficultés que nous promet la fin de ce siècle : environnement, climat, pollution, conflits et crises sociales sévères, voire virus épidémiques ou cataclysmes divers.
Les effets du programme d’intervention Caring Dads sur la paternité des hommes
Authors: Bourassa Chantal
Published: February 2019

Cet article présente les résultats d’une recherche qualitative menée auprès de sept pères ayant des comportements violents et participant à la version abrégée (douze séances hebdomadaires) d’un programme d’intervention visant à aborder leur paternité. Le programme Caring Dads a pour but premier de prioriser le bien-être et la sécurité des enfants et de leur mère. L’étude cherche à comprendre son influence sur la paternité, et ce, à partir du point de vue des participants. Dans le cadre d’entrevues individuelles semi-dirigées, les pères ont révélé les changements qui se sont réalisés sur le plan de leur paternité depuis leur participation au programme. Ils sont devenus plus conscients des besoins de leurs enfants et ont adopté des pratiques visant à les prioriser. Les pères interrogés ont aussi saisi les conséquences de la relation avec la mère des enfants sur ces derniers, ce qui a eu pour effet de les inciter à modifier leurs pensées et leurs actions à l’égard de la mère. Ainsi, le programme Caring Dads permet aux pères de poursuivre leur processus de changement et d’entamer des transformations positives dans la relation avec leurs enfants.
Négligence circonstancielle chez des enfants orphelins d’un parent
Authors: Clerc Jérôme
Published: February 2019

Les enfants orphelins d’un parent sont relativement nombreux dans la population française mais les recherches en psychologie au sujet de l’orphelinage sont encore rares. Cet article théorique présente le point de vue selon lequel ces enfants risquent d’être négligés dans leurs besoins, et en particulier leur besoin de disponibilité psychologique d’un adulte de confiance. La négligence en question est circonstancielle, dans la mesure où c’est la situation de deuil familial qui la provoque et non pas les caractéristiques parentales proprement dites. Grâce au modèle écosystémique du développement de Bronfenbrenner, il sera montré ici que ce risque existe à quasiment tous les niveaux de l’ontosystème au macrosystème, même si les raisons en sont spécifiques à chaque niveau. En conclusion, des pistes sont abordées pour envisager d’une part de futures recherches, et d’autre part des interventions au niveau communautaire auprès d’enfants orphelins.
Des murs incomparables ? Enjeux et élaboration d’une comparaison des mobilisations pro-barrière en Israël et en Arizona (États-Unis)
Authors: Simonneau Damien
Published: February 2019

L’article présente les principaux enjeux méthodologiques et contraintes scientifiques dans l’élaboration d’une comparaison internationale. La comparaison porte sur les mobilisations en faveur des « barrières de sécurité/frontalière » en Israël et en Arizona (États-Unis). Elle ambitionne d’éclairer le phénomène couramment désigné de « multiplication des murs », compris comme des politiques de militarisation de territoires frontaliers. Le premier enjeu porte sur la construction d’une comparabilité de ces deux politiques de mur emblématiques, à bien des égards similaires bien que dans des contextes géopolitiques distincts. L’emphase sur l’analogie qu’est l’existence de mouvements sociaux pro-barrière dans les deux cas permet d’illustrer une autre fonction de ces murs que celle du contrôle des mobilités, à savoir la spectacularisation du marquage du territoire pour rassurer les citoyens emmurés. Le deuxième enjeu porte sur l’identification des opérations politiques semblables menées par ces acteurs. L’analyse comparée débouche alors sur la caractérisation de la fabrique politique de la militarisation frontalière. Elle met en avant des processus généraux (problématisation, sécuritisation, publicisation) tout en illustrant leurs déclinaisons nationales.
Web 2.0 for fostering students' social presence in online learning-based interaction
Authors: Al-dheleai Yahya , Tasir Zaidatun
Published: February 2019

Research in education confirmed that students engage in learning when they feel connected with others and when they play an active role in their learning process. Therefore; social presence (SP) considered as an important component of effective learning in both face-face and online learning environment. Therefore, this study intended to investigate students’ perception about SP when using Web 2.0 tool for learning-based interaction and the difference in their perception based on gender and number of the semesters of the study. The participants of this study were 71 postgraduate students in one of the Malaysian public universities. The quantitative methods of data collection and data analysis were used in this study. Therefore, the researcher employed survey method using Online Social Presence Questionnaire (OSPQ) to collect the data. The data were analyzed using SPSS software to find mean, standard deviation of students’ perception of their social presence while using Web 2.0 tool for learning-based interaction. Independent sample t-test was used to find the difference in students perception based on their gender. Moreover, One-Way ANOVA was used to find the difference in students’ SP perception based on their semester of the study. The findings of this study showed that students expressed high perception about their social presence on Web 2.0 tool. Nonetheless, male students perceived higher social presence on Web 2.0 tool than female students. However, there were not significant differences in students’ perception of social presence neither based on the gender difference nor on the number of the semester of the study.
Excision of Incomplete Hook of the Hamate Fractures
Authors: Barber Jarrad A. , Loeffler Bryan , Gaston R. Glenn , Lourie Gary M.
Published: February 2019

Incomplete hook of the hamate fractures are difficult to diagnose and should be promptly removed to expedite return to sport. From January 2000 to November 2016, 143 excisions of the hook of the hamate were performed following fracture of the hamulus. Of these 143 excisions, 17 were performed because of a preoperative diagnosis of incomplete fracture. The inclusion criteria for diagnosis were as follows: (1) history of ulnar-sided wrist pain; (2) positive result on hook of the hamate pull test on physical examination; and (3) evidence on computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging of an incomplete fracture of the hook of the hamate. Time to diagnosis and treatment, return to sport, postoperative complications, preoperative treatment, and effectiveness were recorded. Seventeen diagnoses of partially united hook of the hamate fractures had been made since January 2000. All of these patients underwent excision of the hamulus. The mean time to diagnosis was 11.1 weeks. The mean delay in surgical treatment was 6.2 weeks. All 17 patients were able to return to sport at a mean of 6.8 weeks. Patients initially seen by 1 of the senior authors had a 7.9-week earlier return to sport. Eight patients received preoperative treatment. Preoperative treatment failed for all 8, and they underwent subsequent hamulus excision. The diagnosis of an incomplete hook of the hamate fracture is difficult and often delayed. These fractures should be managed with early excision, as they do well with early return to sport and are prone to fail nonoperative treatment. Delay in diagnosis and treatment prolongs return to sport. [
Orthopedics
. 2019; 42(2):e232–e235.]
Zaraʿnā Law Ṭalaʿet Yā Rēt! On Wish, Hope, and other Bouletic Modalities in Spoken Arabic from Syria
Authors: Firanescu Daniela Rodica
Published: February 2019

In this paper we deal with bouletic (or boulomaic) modalities in spoken Arabic from Syria, a modal variety intimately related to the area of irrealia, possibilia or possible worlds. While the categories of alethic and deontic are rather the domain of truth and reality, bouletic modalities are, par excellence, the realm of interlocutors' subjectivity. Our paper analyzes conventionalized expressions used in spoken Arabic from Syria to convey the meanings of wish and hope (that form the hard core of the larger bouletic modality); we focus on the 'hard core' of bouletic: the semantically complex expression yā rēt (would God...!; if only...!), with its possible combinations, as marker of desirable, and on desiderative operators law, ʾizā, ʿalaww, wēn, barki, etc. The interpretative approach highlights the hybrid character of the illocutionary acts performed through the use of bouletic operators, proving that in Syrian - as in natural languages, in general - the bouletic modality is deeply connected with (and even dependant on) other modalities, especially evaluative and deontic. Ultimately, our approach sheds light on the linguistic creativity manifested by Syrian Arabic speakers when modalizing their discourse: an aspect that emphasizes the virtues of the colloquial mode that sets no limits to expressivity.
Acoustic Correlates of Rhotic Emphasis in Fessi Spoken Arabic
Authors: Freeman Aaron
Published: February 2019

This paper considers the phonological patterning of pharyngealised /r/ in a dialect of Moroccan Arabic. Through acoustic analysis of recorded interviews targeting specific vocabulary and morphological paradigms, I describe a marginally contrastive distribution of emphatic and plain rhotic variants among Arabic speakers in Fès, indicating that pharyngealised variants trigger a process similar to, but distinct from, the emphasis spread associated with the canonical emphatic consonants /ṭ/, /ḍ/, and /ṣ/. While in some varieties of Arabic, rhotic pharyngealisation is an allophonic alternation conditioned by adjacent back vowels, in others [ṛ] has spread through morphological and lexical diffusion to attain quasi-phonemic status. In the changing urban dialect of Fès, the presence of conflicting dialect norms allows us to study how individuals resolve ambiguous phonological input with respect to /ṛ/, and how this is manifested in their phonetic output.For this study, I conducted 24 mixed sociolinguistic/phonetic interviews, with the help of native Fessi interview assistants. The interviews provide a comprehensive sample of rhotics for each speaker, which were analyzed for their phonetic effects on adjacent vowels. The acoustic data indicate a wide range of individual variability in the patterning of emphatic /ṛ/, tempered by predictable patterns in certain paradigms such as ḥmaṛ ‘donkey’ with non-emphatic plural ḥmir, or the minimal contrast between biṛan ‘bars’ and biran ‘wells’. Speakers also exhibited variability in the scope of pharyngealisation spread from /ṛ/, even though all speakers exhibited predictable long-range spread from /ṭ/, /ṣ/, and /ḍ/. These results point to a phonological change in progress, moving in the direction of phonemic pharyngealized /ṛ/.
On Morpho-Syntactic Levantisms in Maltese
Authors: Wilmsen David , Al-Sayyed Amany
Published: February 2019

Maltese is usually classified as a North African Arabic variety. Yet some researchers have remarked “some curious similarities with the Eastern dialects”. Investigations of these tend to concentrate upon the phonology and lexicon, with slight attention paid to morphology and syntax. We report on a long-term project in documenting some of those, including polar interrogation with a reflex of /š/; the prohibitive/dehortative system, also exhibiting reflexes of /š/; double object marking with reflexes of /l-/; and pronominal circumstantial clauses. None of these is excusive to Maltese and the Levant alone. Polar interrogation with /š/ is found in the Levantine, and North African, and Andalusi Arabic. The Maltese prohibitive is largely southern Levantine in form, but its dehortative is common to eastern Mediterranean dialects of Arabic. Double object marking with reflexes of /l-/ appears in Andalusi, Levantine, and Mesopotamian varieties. The Maltese pronominal circumstantial clause is similar to Syro-Lebanese Arabic, the Beʿēri Arabic of Upper Egypt, and some dialects of the United Arabic Emirates.
The Impact of Topic on Hybrid Forms: The Case of Arabic in Morocco
Authors: Afkir Mina
Published: February 2019

One of the basic and well-established developments of Arabic diglossia is the notion of continuum, which was proposed by linguists who were critical of Ferguson’s classic model to reflect the existence of more than two varieties between the poles of pure H and pure L. Studies done on spoken Arabic in Morocco (Youssi 1983, 1995, Afkir 2015) or in other Arabic speech communities (Blanc 1960, Badawi 1973, Bassiouney 2006, Mejdell 2006) have all shown that Arabic language variation is to be viewed as a hierarchy of ‘levels’ or ‘varieties’ between the poles of pure H and pure L. The Arabic forms which mix features from both Standard Arabic (SA) and Moroccan Arabic (MA) are referred to as ‘hybrid’, ‘mixed’, and ‘intermediate’ forms. The present study seeks to explore to what extent the variable of topic has an impact on Moroccan speakers’ shifts to these hybrid forms. The data consists of 24 000 words produced in television panel discussions. This type of programs was chosen because it constitutes a semi-formal or ‘hybrid context’ (Eid 2007) where one may expect speakers to move along the diglossic continuum and produce mixed Arabic. The choice of one of the different varieties of Arabic is certainly motivated by shifting value systems attached to them and by their social meaning to the Moroccan speech community. The frequency-based quantitative analysis in this study has revealed that in addition to all these variables that are at play when codes interact, topic stands out as a variable that also predicts a specific form of Arabic. More importantly, hybridity is constrained by the way a given topic fits in the communicative habits of a speech community and should hence be approached within the framework of the socio-cultural context of the latter.
De la mise en mots de la masculinité et de la féminité en arabe marocain
Authors: Ziamari Karima , Barontini Alexandrine
Published: February 2019

Au Maroc, les gender studies en sociolinguistique sont jeunes. Les paradigmes de la domination et de la différence, selon lesquels les femmes ne parleraient pas comme les hommes et respectivement, ont largement orienté les études linguistiques (dialectologiques) des gender studies. Une autre perspective est celle de la performance, plus fluide et interactive. Le genre n’est pas vu comme quelque chose que nous sommes, c’est surtout quelque chose que nous incorporons/que nous mettons en œuvre et surtout qui est performé (Eckert and Mc Connell-Ginet, 2003 : 10). C’est dans ce cadre que nous nous situons. Notre objectif consiste à interroger « la performance de genre » (Butler 2004) – dans la mesure où les énoncés performatifs ne sont pas les seuls à pouvoir signifier et agir, les actes du corps et le discours, aussi, deviennent performatifs – à travers la mise en mots et en discours de la masculinité et de la féminité. A partir d’entretiens menés, en arabe marocain, avec des femmes et des hommes marocains, nous analyserons, d’un point de vue linguistique et sociolinguistique, comment ces deux concepts sont nommés, définis, reconnus, identifiés, faits et défaits, par les locuteurs/locutrices.
Ways of Expressing Verbal Aggression in Egyptian Arabic
Authors: Lakusta Valeriia
Published: February 2019

The paper is focused on the рhenomenon of abuse words in Egyptian dialect of Arabic (EA). Being tabooed not only in media but in everyday life, different types of obscene words are still being widely used by native speakers. A particular attention is paid to the typologization of invectives in Egyptian Arabic. This paper examines the expressive functions of offensive language. The data is based on a corpus of 114 tweets collected from the Twitter website and 98 YouTube comments from Egyptian users writing in colloquial Arabic. In general, swearing as a language phenomenon can tell about some national traits associated with a particular nation. They can be caused by various factors, which makes it an interesting field for research.
The Spoken Omani Arabic of ‘Ibrī : A “Crossing Point” in Gulf Dialects
Authors: Lombezzi Letizia
Published: February 2019

‘Ibrī is located half-way in between Mascat and Dubai, and is very close to the Emirates border. This proximity facilitates young male citizens that look for job opportunities in the rich Emirates. Effectively, it is easy to find an occupation beyond the border: in Dubai, for the business sector; in Buraymi or Al-‘Ain for administration or health sector related professions (health sector for female nurses too); in various locations across the Emirates if serving as military or police staff (airport and border police includes female staff too).‘Ibrī speakers, the majority of whom come back home after work, have daily contacts with their Gulf neighbours. This style of life makes the speech of ‘Ibrī inhabitants critical for developing two levels of analysis:1-features of the ‘Ibrī Spoken Arabic, in the general frame of Omani Arabic;2-tracks of contamination among Gulf variants, due to both recent and historically motivated ‘contacts and changes.’ Several pairs of variables must be taken into account: social, referring to badawiyy or ḥaḍariyy; geographical, referring to the inner part of the country, or to west/east and north/south sides. In principle, the area of ‘Ibri should be “ḥaḍariyy of the north”. Nevertheless, we find elements that go beyond this classification. Phonology, for example, shows a series of combinatorial possibilities that hardly fit a schematic and annotated classification; then, we may also find the gahwah syndrome in occasional ‘Ibri speeches. According to what emerged from my collection of data in the city, I offer here a general morpho-phonological description of the local register. I also provide unpublished Omani texts, composed by teachers of “dialect”, with examples of syntax and lexicon. I intend to demonstrate how strong is the mismatching between political and linguistic borders in the Gulf area.
Le texte inédit de la première constitution mauritanienne écrite en ḥassāniyya en 1959. Historique et analyse des traits linguistiques du manuscrit
Authors: Ould Mohamed Baba Ahmed Salem
Published: February 2019

En 1958, la Mauritanie devint une république autonome et se dota une année plus tard, le 22 mars 1959, d’une première constitution. Le pays obtint son indépendance de la France le 28 novembre 19601. Le texte de la première constitution fut traduit du français en ḥassāniyya et conservé dans un manuscrit inédit2 jusqu`à ce jour. Il semble que le texte fut traduit en ḥassāniyya afin qu’il soit connu par toute la population arabophone dans sa langue maternelle, le ḥassāniyya. Le texte fut manuscrit par Abdel Wahhab Ould Cheïguer en tant que membre du Comité de Rédaction de la constitution. L’article présente un historique des conditions socio-politiques dans lesquelles le texte fut traduit en ḥassāniyya et analyse les principaux traits linguistiques de ce texte juridique écrit en dialecte ; le code de l’écriture du texte dialectal et le vocabulaire ḥassāniyya utilisé pour rendre les termes juridiques ainsi que quelques échantillons du texte.
Negotiating Authenticity in Casual Speech: Moroccan Rappers and the /t/ Variable
Authors: Schwartz Sarah Ruth
Published: February 2019

This study undertakes an acoustic analysis of the casual speech of 4 Moroccan rappers in order to: 1) acoustically describe the variation in realizations of the phoneme /t/ in two different dialects of Moroccan Arabic, 2) evaluate the extent to which Moroccan Hip Hop artists do or do not shift to the variant used in the city of Casablanca, 3) understand the role that linguistic style-shifting plays in the performance of authenticity, or “keepin it real”, in the Moroccan Hip Hop community. The study definitively shows regional dialectal variation in realization of the phoneme, but the sociolinguistic implications of this variation were less definitive. While one Meknassi artist does claim that he tries to use Cassaoui speech, this was not borne out by acoustic measurements, suggesting that there may be other, more salient acoustic features that constitute linguistic capital within the Moroccan Hip Hop community. The results of the study also suggest an interesting divide in strategies for accessing power and artistic authenticity within the community – while the aforementioned speaker did affiliate the Cassaoui dialect with the code of the streets, and attempted to adjust his speech thusly, the other Meknassi speaker explicitly preferred to use his native pronunciation in order to remain authentically Meknassi. This reflects the inherent tensions in “keepin it real”, with the first speaker focusing on the authenticity inherent in repping the larger Hip Hop community in Morocco, and the second speaker focusing on the authenticity inherent in repping his hometown.
Vers une littératie numérique pour la darija au Maroc, une démarche collective
Authors: Caubet Dominique
Published: February 2019

Il s’agit de revisiter l’historique du passage à l’écrit de la Darija à travers les réseaux sociaux et de voir comment, en dehors de toute initiative officielle et de toute reconnaissance, une génération s’est prise en main et a réalisé un travail collectif sans a priori idéologique. Ils se sont emparé de ces nouveaux moyens de communication en les détournant, pour écrire leur langue, la Darija, que ce soit dans une graphie latine réinventée ou dans une graphie arabe malmenée.
Effectiveness and Safety of Potassium Replacement in Critically Ill Patients: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Hammond Drayton A. , King Jarrod , Kathe Niranjan , Erbach Kristina , Stojakovic Jelena , Tran Julie , Clem Oktawia A.
Published: February 2019

Background

Rules of thumb for potassium replacement are used in intensive care units despite minimal empirical validation.

Objective

To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of rule-of-thumb potassium replacement in critically ill patients with mild and moderate hypokalemia.

Methods

A retrospective, observational study was done of patients with mild (potassium, 3-3.9 mEq/L) and moderate (potassium, 2-2.9 mEq/L) hypokalemia admitted to a medical intensive care unit who received potassium replacement. Expected and actual frequencies of replacement that achieved target potassium concentrations (≥ 4 mEq/L) were compared by using a χ2 test. Logistic regression analysis was used to assess whether rule-of-thumb administration affected the probability of target attainment within 24 hours of replacement.

Results

Serum potassium concentrations were checked within 24 hours after potassium replacement on 354 of 577 days (61.4%) when replacement was provided. Concentrations were within target range in 82 instances (23.2%). Of 62 episodes of replacement expected to achieve the target according to the rule-of-thumb estimation, 22 did (35%). Rule-of-thumb administration was associated with greater likelihood of target attainment (odds ratio, 2.12; 95% CI, 1.18-3.85; P = .01). This difference in likelihood remained significant after adjustment for covariates (odds ratio, 2.18; 95% CI, 1.04-4.56; P = .04).

Conclusion

In critically ill patients given potassium replacement without regard to a formal protocol, the target serum potassium concentration was achieved more often than expected according to the rule-of-thumb estimation but less than one-third of the time.
l-Arginine Synthesis from l-Citrulline in Myeloid Cells Drives Host Defense against Mycobacteria In Vivo
Authors: Lange Shannon M. , McKell Melanie C. , Schmidt Stephanie M. , Zhao Junfang , Crowther Rebecca R. , Green Lisa C. , Bricker Rebecca L. , Arnett Eusondia , Köhler S. Eleonore , Schlesinger Larry S. , Setchell Kenneth D. R. , Qualls Joseph E.
Published: February 2019

Immunonutrition as a therapeutic approach is rapidly gaining interest in the fight against infection. Targeting l-arginine metabolism is intriguing, considering this amino acid is the substrate for antimicrobial NO production by macrophages. The importance of l-arginine during infection is supported by the finding that inhibiting its synthesis from its precursor l-citrulline blunts host defense. During the first few weeks following pulmonary mycobacterial infection, we found a drastic increase in l-citrulline in the lung, even though serum concentrations were unaltered. This correlated with increased gene expression of the l-citrulline–generating (i.e., iNOS) and l-citrulline–using (i.e., Ass1) enzymes in key myeloid populations. Eliminating l-arginine synthesis from l-citrulline in myeloid cells via conditional deletion of either Ass1 or Asl resulted in increased Mycobacterium bovis bacillus Calmette-Guérin and Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv burden in the lungs compared with controls. Our data illustrate the necessity of l-citrulline metabolism for myeloid defense against mycobacterial infection and highlight the potential for host-directed therapy against mycobacterial disease targeting this nutrient and/or its metabolic pathway.
Physiopathology and diagnosis of cardiotoxicity in patients submitted to chemotherapy treatment
Authors: Marmelo Filipe C. , Sá Cátia F.R.
Published: February 2019

Cardiovascular diseases and neoplastic diseases are the two main causes of morbidity and mortality in the world. Treated cancer patients usually develop cardiac diseases late in life due to chemotherapy- induced heart damage. The type of damage caused to the heart depends on the type of agent used during cancer treatment. It is expectable to observe ventricular impairment in patients treated with anthracyclines, while pyrimidines and some signalling inhibitors may damage the coronary circulation. Several techniques can be used to help diagnose early cardiac affections, such as biomarkers and auxiliary diagnostic tests. The information obtained can help physicians adjust chemotherapy doses, thus avoiding unnecessary heart damage. Although there is not yet a broad offer of cardioprotective drugs specific to these cases, some pharmacological agents used in common cardiology can also be applied here, such as beta-blockers and angiotensinogen- converting enzyme inhibitors.
Advances in pancreatic cancer biomarkers
Authors: Hasan Syed , Jacob Rojymon , Manne Upender , Paluri Ravi
Published: February 2019

Biomarkers play an essential role in the management of patients with invasive cancers. Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDC) associated with poor prognosis due to advanced presentation and limited therapeutic options. This is further complicated by absence of validated screening and predictive biomarkers for early diagnosis and precision treatments respectively. There is emerging data on biomarkers in pancreatic cancer in past two decades. So far, the CA 19-9 remains the only approved biomarker for diagnosis and response assessment but limited by low sensitivity and specificity. In this article, we aim to review current and future biomarkers that has potential serve as critical tools for early diagnostic, predictive and prognostic indications in pancreatic cancer.
Twists and braids for general 3-fold flops
Authors: Donovan Will , Wemyss Michael
Published: February 2019

Given a quasi-projective 3-fold

X

with only Gorenstein terminal singularities, we prove that the flop functors beginning at

X

satisfy higher degree braid relations, with the combinatorics controlled by a real hyperplane arrangement

\mathcal H

. This leads to a general theory, incorporating known special cases with degree 3 braid relations, in which we show that higher degree relations can occur even for two smooth rational curves meeting at a point. This theory yields an action of the fundamental group of the complexified complement

\pi_1(\mathbb{C}^n\backslash \mathcal H_\mathbb{C})

on the derived category of

X

, for any such 3-fold that admits individually floppable curves. We also construct such an action in the more general case where individual curves may flop analytically, but not algebraically, and furthermore we lift the action to a form of affine pure braid group under the additional assumption that

X

is

\mathbb Q

-factorial.

Along the way, we produce two new types of derived autoequivalences. One uses commutative deformations of the scheme-theoretic fibre of a flopping contraction, and the other uses noncommutative deformations of the fibre with reduced scheme structure, generalising constructions of Toda and the authors [T07, DW1] which considered only the case when the flopping locus is irreducible. For type A flops of irreducible curves, we show that the two autoequivalences are related, but in other cases they are very different, with the noncommutative twist being linked to birational geometry via the Bridgeland–Chen [B02, C02] flop-flop functor.
Mao Zedong, Sinization of Marxism, and Traditional Chinese Thought Culture
Authors: TIAN Chenshan
Published: February 2019

The informed perspective presented here may rouse a sensitivity to the differences in reading Marxist philosophy from the perspective of the Inseparability of One and Many worldview and philosophy (a doctrine of internal, constitutive, relations––“intimacy”) on the part of Chinese intellectuals, particularly Mao Zedong, a great campaigner for philosophic and discursive Sinicization of Marxism. Marxism has provided an opportunity for a philosophical conversation with Chinese tradition, and this conversation was not launched by a government or official campaign, but instead by the efforts made on the part of countless grassroots intellectuals. It is argued that the reason for this was perhaps due to the fact that certain of Marx’s cosmological assumptions, in contrast to those of the main Western categories, are more capable of being understood and Sinicized in terms of particular philosophical currents in the Chinese tradition. This was particularly so for the two decades of the 1950s and 1960s, and until the end of the 1970s when Deng Xiaoping came to power and openly declared the start of his “Economic Reform” with the slogan “Socialism with Chinese Characteristics.”
Marxist Theories of Ideology in Contemporary China
Authors: KRAWCZYK Adrian
Published: February 2019

Despite widespread beliefs to the contrary, Marxism is still highly significant in China. Therefore, my paper studies the contemporary usage of one of the key concepts of Marxist theory: ideology. While one can draw on numerous accounts of Western political scientists of the shifting ideology of the CCP leadership, Western scholarship has overlooked critical theories of ideology of Chinese origin that developed in the 1990s in the context of an academic re-evaluation of Karl Marx’s theories. My paper analyses the work of Yu Wujin (俞吾金, 1948–2014), a key representative of this intellectual current. His monograph On Ideology was the first comprehensive treatment of the concept by a Chinese scholar. Clarifying the relation of Yu’s theory of ideology with CCP positions, I will argue that in leaving behind dialectical materialism and in reviving ideology in its critical sense, his work provides a theoretical foundation for a limited pluralization of Marxist discourse in reform era China.
Profiles of human capital and strategic technological decisions on turbulence environment
Authors: Pérez D. , Saiz-Bárcena L. , Manzanedo M.A. , Pérez A.
Published: February 2019

The objective of this article is to examine the absorptive capacity in the technology industry and aspires to recognize how firms can manage their strategic decisions in the turbulence contexts. In particular, we examine how organizations can strengthen their organizational contexts in order to absorb knowledge. From the knowledge management literature, this investigation extends our perception of the relationship between the human capital profiles (organization, research and development unit, and recent incorporations) and technological decision-making. Through the SEPI Foundation, a balanced panel of 1,220 Spanish industrial companies has used that answer to the Survey of Business Strategies (SBS) for a threeyear period, which signifies a total of 3,660 cases. The principal finding is the presence of high levels of human resources to understand a decision efficiency process. It also highlights its relationship to the firm’s technological committee. These contributions are notable for both researchers and practitioners. It could be stimulating to expand the study to the association between human capital profiles and other strategic technological decisions, as the preparation of an innovation plan or the measurement of innovation performance.
Sales and Operations Planning: a comparison between the demand-driven and traditional approaches
Authors: Bozutti D.F. , Esposto K.F.
Published: February 2019

Supply Chain Management (SCM) is an important concept to establish links among companies. With the aim to reach the SCM goals, companies must define processes that links the decisions areas. In this context, a process to be dealt is the Sales and Operations Planning (S&OP). The S&OP is a tactical planning process, executed on monthly-basis and led by senior management with the aim to balance demand, production, distribution, procurement and finance, to ensure the plans and performance are aligned to support the business strategic plan. In this sense, a literature review was presented in this paper in order to compare the traditional approach and the demand-driven approach for the S&OP. As expected, because of the more complex environment to be dealt in a demand-driven environment, the S&OP evolved to be able to be executed properly. However, further studies in this area should be developed in order to obtain a final framework for the demand-driven S&OP, to analyse applications in industries, to understand performance implications and to develop a performance framework for the demand-driven S&OP.
How to do things with words – Haikais, Drones e Pornografia
Authors: Ruggieri Mariana Feminino
Published: February 2019

The following paper seeks to outline some of the tensions concerning the ethics and responsibility of and in literature through considerations surrounding several recent cultural productions, such as Point Omega, by Don Delillo, the short film “5,000 feet is the best”, by Omer Fast and mainstream pornography. Questions on authorship and speech acts will be investigated with the theoretical aid of the book A Theory of the Drone, written by the philosopher Grégoire Chamayou.
This Must Be The Place
Authors: Kronenburg Robert
Published: February 2019

This Must Be The Place is the first architectural history of popular music performance space, describing its beginnings, its different typologies, and its development into a distinctive genre of building design. It examines the design and form of popular music architecture and charts how it has been developed in ad-hoc ways by non-professionals such as building owners, promoters, and the musicians themselves as well as professionally by architects, designers, and construction specialists. With a primary focus on Europe and North America (and excursions to Australia, the Far East and South America), it explores audience experience and how venues have influenced the development of different musical scenes.

From music halls and Vaudeville in the 1800s, via the seminal clubs and theatres of the 20th century, to the large-scale multi-million-dollar arena concerts of today, this book explores the impact that the use of private and public space for performance has on our cities’ urban identity, and, to a lesser extent, how rural space is perceived and used. Like architecture, popular music is neither static nor standardized; it continuously develops and has multiple strands. This Must Be The Place describes the factors that have determined the development of music venue architecture, focusing on both famous and less well-known examples from the smallest bar room music space to the largest stadium-filling rock set.
Tori Amos’s Boys for Pele
Authors: Gentry Amy
Published: February 2019

It’s hard to think of a solo female recording artist who has been as revered or as reviled over the course of her career as Tori Amos. Amy Gentry argues that these violent aesthetic responses to Amos’s performance, both positive and negative, are organized around disgust—the disgust that women are taught to feel, not only for their own bodies, but for their taste in music. Released in 1996, Amos’s third album, Boys for Pele, represents the height of Amos’s willingness to explore the ugly qualities that make all of her music, even her more conventionally beautiful albums, so uncomfortably, and so wonderfully, strange. Using a blend of memoir, criticism, and aesthetic theory, Gentry argues that the aesthetics of disgust are useful for thinking in a broader way about women’s experience of all art forms.