bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of fermentation on anthocyanin stability and in vitro bioaccessibility during shalgam (şalgam) beverage production
Authors: Toktaş Betül , Bildik Fatih , Özçelik Beraat
Published: November 2017

BACKGROUND

Shalgam is a traditional lactic acid fermented beverage highly popular in southern Turkey. The main raw material, black carrot, contains a significant amount of anthocyanins. In this study, changes in polyphenols, including anthocyanins, related total antioxidant capacity (TAC), and in vitro bioaccessibility during shalgam fermentation and main raw material were evaluated.

RESULTS

Compared with the last 12 days of the fermentation, a higher increase in total phenolic content (TPC), anthocyanins content (AC), and TAC was observed in the first 12 days of the fermentation during shalgam production. Although black carrot exhibited the highest total flavonoid content (TFC), TPC, AC, and TAC values before bioaccessibility tests, the recovery of shalgam beverage was found to be mostly identical with black carrot results in terms of flavonoids, phenolics, and anthocyanins and antioxidant capacity after in vitro digestion. In vitro digestion significantly reduced the recovery of initial samples in terms of TFC, TPC, AC, and TAC analysis. The amount of beneficial compound in the early fermentation stage was significantly lower than with end product. Sixteen different phenolics were detected from shalgam beverage samples in high‐performance liquid chromatography analysis. After performing bioaccessibility tests, only five phenolics were detected. As anthocyanins, only cyanidin content was identified.

CONCLUSION

The degradation of phenolics and anthocyanins was observed after bioaccessibility tests. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry
Optimizing venous outflow in reconstruction of Gustilo IIIB lower extremity traumas with soft tissue free flap coverage: Are two veins better than one?
Authors: Stranix John T. , Lee Z‐Hye , Anzai Lavinia , Jacoby Adam , Avraham Tomer , Saadeh Pierre B. , Levine Jamie P. , Thanik Vishal D.
Published: November 2017

Purpose

The dependent nature of the lower extremity predisposes to venous congestion, especially following significant trauma. The benefit of a second venous anastomosis, however, remains unclear in lower extremity trauma free flap reconstruction. This study investigated the effect of an additional venous anastomosis on flap outcomes in lower extremity trauma reconstruction.

Methods

Retrospective review between 1979 and 2016 identified 361 soft tissue flaps performed for Gustilo IIIB/C coverage meeting inclusion criteria. Muscle flaps were performed in 287 cases (79.9%) and fasciocutaneous flaps in 72 cases (20.1%). Single‐vein anastomosis was performed in 76% of cases and dual‐vein anastmoses in 24% of cases. Patient demographics, flap characteristics, and outcomes were examined.

Results

Fasciocutaneous flaps were more likely to have two veins performed (P < .001). Complications occurred in 143 flaps (39.8%): 45 take‐backs (12.4%), 37 partial losses (10.3%), 31 complete losses (8.6%). Compared to single‐vein flaps, two veins reduced major complications (P = .005), partial flap failures (P = .008), and any flap failure (P = .018). Multivariable regression analysis demonstrated two veins to be protective against complications (RR = 2.58, P = .009). Subset regression analysis by flap type demonstrated an even more significant reduction in complications among muscle flaps (RR = 3.92, P = .005). Additionally, a >1 mm vein size mismatch was predictive of total flap failure (RR = 3.02, P = .038).

Conclusion

Lower extremity trauma free flaps with two venous anastomoses demonstrated a fourfold reduction in complication rates compared to single‐vein flaps. Additionally, venous size mismatch >1 mm was an independent predictor of total flap failure, suggesting beneficial effects of both two‐vein outflow and matched vessel diameter.
Using MRI cell tracking to monitor immune cell recruitment in response to a peptide‐based cancer vaccine
Authors: Tremblay Marie‐Laurence , Davis Christa , Bowen Chris V. , Stanley Olivia , Parsons Cathryn , Weir Genevieve , Karkada Mohan , Stanford Marianne M. , Brewer Kimberly D.
Published: November 2017

Purpose

MRI cell tracking can be used to monitor immune cells involved in the immunotherapy response, providing insight into the mechanism of action, temporal progression of tumor growth, and individual potency of therapies. To evaluate whether MRI could be used to track immune cell populations in response to immunotherapy, CD8+ cytotoxic T cells, CD4+CD25+FoxP3+ regulatory T cells, and myeloid‐derived suppressor cells were labeled with superparamagnetic iron oxide particles.

Methods

Superparamagnetic iron oxide‐labeled cells were injected into mice (one cell type/mouse) implanted with a human papillomavirus‐based cervical cancer model. Half of these mice were also vaccinated with DepoVaxTM (ImmunoVaccine, Inc., Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada), a lipid‐based vaccine platform that was developed to enhance the potency of peptide‐based vaccines.

Results

MRI visualization of CD8+ cytotoxic T cells, regulatory T cells, and myeloid‐derived suppressor cells was apparent 24 h post‐injection, with hypointensities due to iron‐labeled cells clearing approximately 72 h post‐injection. Vaccination resulted in increased recruitment of CD8+ cytotoxic T cells, and decreased recruitment of myeloid‐derived suppressor cells and regulatory T cells to the tumor. We also found that myeloid‐derived suppressor cell and regulatory T cell recruitment were positively correlated with final tumor volume.

Conclusion

This type of analysis can be used to noninvasively study changes in immune cell recruitment in individual mice over time, potentially allowing improved application and combination of immunotherapies. Magn Reson Med 80:304–316, 2018. © 2017 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine.
Synthesis and characterization of novel polyindole/metal oxide nanocomposites and its evaluation for lithium ion rechargeable battery applications
Authors: Arjomandi Jalal , Soleimani Hossein , Parvin Mohammad Hadi , Azizi Elmira
Published: November 2017

Two novel conducting polyindole (PIn) based on γ‐Fe2O3 and γ‐Al2O3 nanocomposites with LiClO4 on Au electrode (Au/PIn/
@γ‐Al2O3 and Au/PIn/
@γ‐Fe2O3) as cathode materials for lithium‐ion rechargeable batteries were fabricated via an in situ electropolymerization approach. The PIn and polymer nanocomposites were characterized by FT‐IR, SEM, TEM, EDX, and TGA. The electrochemical properties of PIn and polymer nanocomposites were studied by cyclic voltammetry (CV), in situ conductivity measurements, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and charge–discharging test. The optical properties of the samples were also investigated by in situ UV‐Visible spectroscopy. The CV results show better reversibility for polymer nanocomposites in compered PIn. The intermolecular interaction between nanoparticles and PIn were confirmed by FT‐IR. The TEM images of polymer nanocomposites show that γ‐Fe2O3 and γ‐Al2O3 are embedded in PIn matrix. The thermal stability of the polymer nanocomposites has increased compared to that of PIn. The in situ conductivity of polymer nanocomposites were increased at about 0.20 order of magnitudes in compared to PIn. The electrochemical properties and charge–discharging behavior of the materials were measured with Li/LiClO4+ACN/Au‐PIn, Li/LiClO4+ACN/Au‐PIn‐γ‐Al2O3, and Li/LiClO4+ACN/Au‐PIn‐γ‐Fe2O3 cells using a constant current of 0.5 mA/cm2. The results for polymer nanocomposites cells indicated better discharging characteristics at about 116–124 mAh/g with very good cyclic properties in compered to PIn cell. The discharge capacities achieve the best value after 30–40 cycles with around drops 3–6% after 20,000 times. POLYM. COMPOS., 40:496–505, 2019. © 2017 Society of Plastics Engineers
Stacked Self‐Assembled Cubic GaN Quantum Dots Grown by Molecular Beam Epitaxy
Authors: Blumenthal Sarah , Rieger Torsten , Meertens Doris , Pawlis Alexander , Reuter Dirk , As Donat J.
Published: November 2017

We have investigated the stacking of self‐assembled cubic GaN quantum dots (QDs) grown in Stranski–Krastanov (SK) growth mode. The number of stacked layers is varied to compare their optical properties. The growth is in situ controlled by reflection high energy electron diffraction to prove the SK QD growth. Atomic force and transmission electron microscopy show the existence of wetting layer and QDs with a diameter of about 10 nm and a height of about 2 nm. The QDs have a truncated pyramidal form and are vertically aligned in growth direction. Photoluminescence measurements show an increase of the intensity with increasing number of stacked QD layers. Furthermore, a systematic blue‐shift of 120 meV is observed with increasing number of stacked QD layers. This blueshift derives from a decrease in the QD height, because the QD height has also been the main confining dimension in our QDs.
Orientation Dependence of the Elastocaloric Effect in Ni54Fe19Ga27 Ferromagnetic Shape Memory Alloy
Authors: Bruno Nickolaus M. , Karaman Ibrahim , Chumlyakov Yuriy I.
Published: November 2017

The crystallographic anisotropy of elastocaloric effect (ECE) and relative cooling power (RCP) in Ni54Fe19Ga27 shape memory alloy single crystals are studied via compression tests. Single crystals are studied along the [001], [123], and [011] austenite directions and yield different ECE behaviors and maximum RCPs for various strain levels. A thermodynamic framework using the Helmholtz free energy is employed to analyze the total entropy change as a function of strain. Thermodynamic losses are computed from the mechanical hysteresis of superelasticity experiments to quantify the strain dependent RCP. It is found that the [001] orientation generates the highest maximal RCP of 738 J kg−1 when unloaded from 200 MPa. This is attributed mainly to the large superelastic temperature window of 45 K. However, loading the crystals to stresses higher than 200 MPa causes a multistep transformation in the [011] direction, thus reducing the alloy's overall RCP by 135 J kg−1. This is a consequence of the negative entropy change and large transformation hysteresis generated by the second‐stage transformation in the [011] direction. Interestingly, if only the first‐stage transformation in [011] is employed for the ECE, the [011] direction yields the highest RCP compared to [001] and [123] for any strain up to 3.5%.
RETRACTED: Epigallocatechin‐3‐gallate enhances differentiation of acute promyelocytic leukemia cells via inhibition of PML‐RARα and HDAC1
Authors: Moradzadeh Maliheh , Roustazadeh Abazar , Tabarraei Alijan , Erfanian Saiedeh , Sahebkar Amirhossein
Published: November 2017

The use of all‐trans retinoic acid (ATRA) has dramatically improved the treatment and survival rate of patients with acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL). However, toxicity and resistance to this drug are major problems in the treatment of APL with ATRA. Earlier studies have suggested that the green tea polyphenol epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) induces cell death in hematopoietic neoplasms without adversely affecting normal cells. In the present study, the potential therapeutic effect of EGCG in APL and the underlying molecular mechanisms were investigated. EGCG (100 μM) significantly inhibited proliferation and induced apoptosis in HL‐60 and NB4 cells. This effect was associated with decreased expressions of multidrug resistance proteins ABCB1, and ABCC1, whereas the expressions of pro‐apoptotic genes CASP3, CASP8, p21, and Bax/Bcl‐2 ratio were significantly increased. EGCG, at 25 μM concentration, induced differentiation of leukemic cells towards granulocytic pattern in a similar manner to that observed for ATRA (1 μM). Furthermore, EGCG suppressed the expression of clinical marker PML/RARα in NB4 cells and reduced the expression of HDAC1 in leukemic cells. In conclusion, the results suggested that EGCG can be considered as a potential treatment for APL.
What are critical features of science curriculum materials that impact student and teacher outcomes?
Authors: Roblin Natalie Pareja , Schunn Christian , McKenney Susan
Published: November 2017

Large investments are made in curriculum materials with the goal of supporting science education reform. However, relatively little evidence is available about what features of curriculum materials really matter to impact student and teacher learning. To address this need, the current study examined curriculum features associated with student and teacher outcomes. We reviewed sample curriculum materials and documentation reporting on the instructional outcomes of 51 research‐based K–12 science curriculum materials. Our findings reveal that teacher supports, rather than student supports, had positive impacts on both student and teacher outcomes. Specifically, positive student outcomes were associated with curriculum materials with a larger scope and with materials that provide teachers with information about students’ ideas and recommended instructional strategies. Positive teacher outcomes were associated with the presence of information about targeted standards and recommended instructional strategies. Relatively fewer studies reported on teacher outcomes, and evidence about other dimensions of curriculum materials impact (e.g., spread, sustainability) was difficult to find. Overall, these results reveal the broad importance of embedding teacher supports and ensuring sufficient scope of content across coordinated curriculum units to support the development of conceptual understanding over time. Implications for the design of new curriculum materials and further research are discussed.
Latanoprostene Bunod 0.024% in Subjects With Open-angle Glaucoma or Ocular Hypertension: Pooled Phase 3 Study Findings
Authors: Weinreb Robert N. , Liebmann Jeffrey M. , Martin Keith R. , Kaufman Paul L. , Vittitow Jason L.
Published: November 2017

Purpose:

To compare the diurnal intraocular pressure (IOP)-lowering effect of latanoprostene bunod (LBN) 0.024% with timolol maleate 0.5% in subjects with open-angle glaucoma (OAG) or ocular hypertension (OHT).

Patients and Methods:

Pooled analysis of two phase 3, randomized, multicenter, double-masked, parallel-group, noninferiority trials (APOLLO and LUNAR), each with open-label safety extension phases. Adults with OAG or OHT were randomized 2:1 to double-masked treatment with LBN once daily (qd) or timolol twice daily (bid) for 3 months followed by open-label LBN treatment for 3 (LUNAR) or 9 (APOLLO) months. IOP was measured at 8 am, 12 pm, and 4 pm at week 2, week 6, and months 3, 6, 9, and 12.

Results:

Of the 840 subjects randomized, 774 (LBN, n=523; timolol crossover to LBN, n=251) completed the efficacy phase, and 738 completed the safety extension phase. Mean IOP was significantly lower with LBN versus timolol at all 9 evaluation timepoints during the efficacy phase (P<0.001). A significantly greater proportion of LBN-treated subjects attained a mean IOP ≤18 mm Hg and IOP reduction ≥25% from baseline versus timolol-treated subjects (P<0.001). The IOP reduction with LBN was sustained through the safety phase; subjects crossed over from timolol to LBN experienced additional significant IOP lowering (P≤0.009). Both treatments were well tolerated, and there were no safety concerns with long-term LBN treatment.

Conclusions:

In this pooled analysis of subjects with OAG and OHT, LBN 0.024% qd provided greater IOP-lowering compared with timolol 0.5% bid and maintained lowered IOP through 12 months. LBN demonstrated a safety profile comparable to that of prostaglandin analogs.
Rapid, noninvasive, and unsupervised detection of sleep/wake using piezoelectric monitoring for pharmacological studies in narcoleptic mice
Authors: Black Sarah Wurts , Sun Jessica D. , Laihsu Alex , Kimura Nikki , Santiago Pamela , Donohue Kevin D. , O’Hara Bruce F. , Bersot Ross , Humphries Paul S.
Published: November 2017

Background

Assessment of sleep/wake by electroencephalography (EEG) and electromyography (EMG) is invasive, resource intensive, and not amenable to rapid screening at scale for drug discovery. In the preclinical development of therapeutics for narcolepsy, efficacy tests are hindered by the lack of a non-EEG/EMG based translational test of symptom severity. The current methods study offers proof-of-principle that PiezoSleep (noninvasive, unsupervised piezoelectric monitoring of gross body movement, together with respiration patterns during behavioral quiescence), can be used to determine sleep/wake as applicable to the development of wake-promoting therapeutics. First, the translational wake-maintenance score (WMS, the ratio of time during the first half of the dark period spent in long wake bouts to short sleep bouts) of the PiezoSleep narcolepsy screen was introduced as a means by which to rank narcoleptic orexin/ataxin-3 mice and wild type mice by sleep/wake fragmentation severity. Accuracy of the WMS to detect narcoleptic phenotypes were determined in genotype-confirmed orexin/ataxin-3 mice and wild type colony mates. The WMS was used to identify the most highly symptomatic mice for resource-intensive EEG/EMG studies for further analysis of specific arousal states. Second, PiezoSleep was demonstrated for use in high-throughput screening of wake-promoting compounds using modafinil in orexin/ataxin-3 and wild type mice.

Results

The WMS detected a narcoleptic phenotype with 89% sensitivity, 92% specificity and 98% positive predictive value. A 15-fold difference in WMS differentiated wild type littermates from the most severely affected orexin/ataxin-3 mice. Follow-up EEG/EMG study indicated 82% of the orexin/ataxin-3 mice with the lowest wake-maintenance scores met or exceeded the cataplexy-occurrence threshold (≥ 3 bouts) for inclusion in therapeutic efficacy studies. In the PiezoSleep dose-response study, the ED50 for wake-promotion by modafinil was approximately 50 mg/kg in both genotypes. Using unsupervised piezoelectric monitoring, the efficacy of wake-promoting compounds can be determined in a 5-arm study with 60 mice in less than one week—a fraction of the time compared to EEG/EMG studies.

Conclusions

The WMS on the PiezoSleep narcolepsy screen quantifies the inability to sustain wakefulness and provides an accurate measure of the narcoleptic phenotype in mice. PiezoSleep offers rapid, scalable assessment of sleep/wake for high-throughput screening in drug discovery.
Organizing for social change and policy reform: Lessons from the international planned parenthood federation
Authors: Foley Dolores
Published: November 2017

The International Planned Parenthood Federation (IPPF) was formed by a network of volunteers from around the world concerned about maternal and infant mortality and the lack of family planning information and services available. The IPPF network is credited with having a global influence on population policies and the development of public support for the provision of family planning services. The success of the movement is due in large part to their organizing strategies. They initially organized around what we would now identify as a network as opposed to a bureaucratic approach. Over time the IPPF became a large international bureaucracy but the lessons of the early years hold important implications for grassroots organizations promoting policy and social change.
Attitude toward advertising: Does the 7-factor model work in chile?
Authors: Dávila Víctor R. , Rojas-Méndez José I.
Published: November 2017

Results of applying the 7-factor model of global attitude toward advertising to a sample of 373 Chilean students are presented and discussed. Three hypotheses, based on prior US studies, suggesting an inverse relationship between favorable attitude toward ad-vertising and experience with, knowledge of, and exposure to ad-vertising are tested. Empirical findings do not support these hypotheses. A factor analysis of the Chilean data resulted in a 9-factor solution in contrast with the 5-factor solution reported in the original test of the 7-factor theoretical model. Suggestions for further research are discussed.
Associations of stream geomorphic conditions and prevalence of alternative reproductive tactics among sockeye salmon populations
Authors: DeFilippo L. B. , Schindler D. E. , Carter J. L. , Walsworth T. E. , Cline T. J. , Larson W. A. , Buehrens T.
Published: November 2017

In many species, males may exhibit alternative life histories to circumvent the costs of intrasexual competition and female courtship. While the evolution and underlying genetic and physiological mechanisms behind alternative reproductive tactics are well studied, there has been less consideration of the ecological factors that regulate their prevalence. Here, we examine six decades of age composition records from thirty‐six populations of sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) to quantify associations between spawning habitat characteristics and the prevalence of precocious sneakers known as ‘jacks’. Jack prevalence was independent of neutral genetic structure among stream populations, but varied among habitat types and as a function of continuous geomorphic characteristics. Jacks were more common in streams relative to beaches and rivers, and their prevalence was negatively associated with stream width, depth, elevation, slope and area, but positively related to bank cover. Behavioural observations showed that jacks made greater use of banks, wood and shallows than guard males, indicating that their reproductive success depends on the availability of such refuges. Our results emphasize the role of the physical habitat in shaping reproductive tactic frequencies among populations, likely through local adaptation in response to variable fitness expectations under different geomorphic conditions.
Study on the Combustion Chemical Reaction of Biodiesel Fuel for the Improvement of Compression Ignition Combustion Performance
Authors: Lim Young Chan , Suh Hyun Kyu
Published: November 2017

Numerical study on the combustion chemical reaction of biodiesel fuel for the improvement of compression ignition combustion performance was studied in this work. The constant volume closed homogeneous reactor model was applied, at the same time, analysis conditions were set to 700∼900K of ambient temperature, and 15atm of ambient pressure. Also, the equivalence ratio was changed from 0.5 to 1.4 under the various mixing ratio, respectively. The results of analysis were compared in terms of ignition delay, combustion temperature, combustion pressure, NOx and CO emissions. Also, the total mass and the mass densities of the reactants were compared in the constant volume chamber. It was revealed that the value of ignition delay became shorter and combustion temperature and pressure were increased under the rich combustion conditions (Φ > 1.0). Furthermore, the CO emission was decreased under the lean combustion conditions (1.0 > Φ). Maximum value of NOx emission was observed when the equivalence ratio was 0.8 condition since the nitrogen and oxygen chemical reactions became actively than other cases.
An Experimental and Computational Analysis of Water Condensation Separator Within a Charge Air Cooler
Authors: Choi Jeongyong , Satpathy Sridev , Hoard John , Styles Daniel , Kuan Chih-Kuang
Published: November 2017

In recent years, many engine manufacturers have turned to downsizing and boosting of gasoline engines in order to meet the ever more stringent fuel economy and emissions regulations. With an increase in the number of turbocharged gasoline engines, solutions are required to manage knock under a range of operating conditions. The charge air cooler has been introduced to mitigate knock. Moreover, the engine is required to operate with spark retard and/or boost reduction to provide knock reduction leading to reduced fuel economy.

Under some operating conditions water can condense in the charge air cooler (CAC). Corrugated plate separators have been widely used in gas-water separation and oil-water separation in many industries including marine diesel engines. However, this sort of separator has not been applied to gasoline engines in vehicles to separate the condensation in the charged air. In this paper, a 1-D condensation model to estimate the potential amount of water condensation and entrainment from the charge air coolers is presented. An approach to designing a unit to separate condensation in the flow from the charge air cooler while maintaining a low pressure drop is described. The design approach provides correlations of separator geometries versus separation and pressure drop performance. The study is developed using a 3-D computational model for analyzing charge air and condensation flow. The model results of the 1-D condensation model and the 3-D computational model have been validated by experiments on an engine-dynamometer based test cell. The set-up incorporates a 4 cylinder gasoline direct injection (GDI) turbocharged engine. An air-to-air charge air cooler is mounted under the engine. The intake air for the engine is supplied using a combustion air unit which enables the operators to control the temperature and humidity.

Test conditions have been identified to demonstrate the phenomenon of CAC water condensation. Measurements of water condensation and motion through the system confirm the results of models. A separator has been designed that achieves high separation efficiency and low pressure drop.
Modeling and Analysis of Tier 4 Locomotives Operating in a High-Altitude Tunnel
Authors: McElhaney Kevin S. , Mischler Robert
Published: November 2017

Tunnels represent one of the most severe operating conditions for diesel engines in diesel-electric locomotive applications, specifically for non-ventilated tunnels located at high elevation. High ambient air temperatures are observed in these tunnels due to heat rejected from the locomotive engines through the exhaust and engine cooling and lubrication systems. Engine protection algorithms cause the maximum allowable engine horsepower to be reduced due to these conditions leading to a reduction in train speed and occasionally train stall. A first law based model was developed to simulate the performance of a train pulled by GE diesel-electric locomotives equipped with medium speed diesel engines in a high altitude and non-ventilated tunnel. The model was compared against and calibrated to actual tunnel operation data of EPA Tier 2 compliant locomotives. The model was then used to study the impact of engine design changes required for EPA Tier 4 compliant locomotives, specifically the introduction of exhaust gas recirculation (EGR), on engine, locomotive, and train performance in the tunnel. Simulations were completed to evaluate engine control strategies targeting same or better train performance than the EPA Tier 2 compliant locomotive baseline case. Simulation results show that the introduction of EGR reduces train performance in the tunnel by increasing the required reduction in engine horsepower, but is slightly offset by improved performance from other engine design changes. The targeted engine and train performance could be obtained by disabling EGR during tunnel operation.
The realities of race
Race on the Brain
: What Implicit Bias Gets Wrong About the Struggle for Racial Justice
Jonathan Kahn
Columbia University Press, 2017. 303 pp.
Authors: Kang Jerry
Published: November 2017

Has racial justice been seduced by science?
National Trends in Admission and In‐Hospital Mortality of Patients With Heart Failure in the United States (2001–2014)
Authors: Akintoye Emmanuel , Briasoulis Alexandros , Egbe Alexander , Dunlay Shannon M. , Kushwaha Sudhir , Levine Diane , Afonso Luis , Mozaffarian Dariush , Weinberger Jarrett
Published: November 2017

Background

To investigate heart failure (
HF
) hospitalization trends in the United States and change in trends after publication of management guidelines.

Methods and Results

Using data from the National Inpatient Sample and the US Census Bureau, annual national estimates in
HF
admissions and in‐hospital mortality were estimated for years 2001 to 2014, during which an estimated 57.4 million
HF
‐associated admissions occurred. Rates (95% confidence intervals) of admissions and in‐hospital mortality among primary
HF
hospitalizations declined by an average annual rate of 3% (2.5%–3.5%) and 3.5% (2.9%–4.0%), respectively. Compared with 2001 to 2005, the average annual rate of decline in primary
HF
admissions was more in 2006 to 2009 (ie, 3.4% versus 1.1%;
P
=0.02). In 2010 to 2014, primary
HF
admission continued to decline by an average annual rate of 4.3% (95% confidence interval, 3.9%–5.1%), but this was not significantly different from 2006 to 2009 (
P
=0.14). In contrast, there was no further decline in in‐hospital mortality trend after the guideline‐release years. For hospitalizations with
HF
as the secondary diagnosis, there was an upward trend in admissions in 2001 to 2005. However, the trend began to decline in 2006 to 2009, with an average annual rate of 2.4% (95% confidence interval, 0.8%–4%). Meanwhile, there was a consistent decline in in‐hospital mortality by an average annual rate of 3.7% (95% confidence interval, 3.3%–4.2%) during the study period, but the decline was more in 2006 to 2009 compared with 2001 to 2005 (ie, 5.4% versus 3.4%;
P
<0.001). Beyond 2009, admission and in‐hospital mortality rates continued to decline, although this was not significantly better than the preceding interval.

Conclusions

From 2001 to 2014,
HF
admission and in‐hospital mortality rates declined significantly in the United States; the greatest improvements coincided with the publication of the 2005 American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association
HF
guidelines.
Gardien du Temple: An Interactive Installation Involving Poetry, Performance and Spatial Augmented Reality
Authors: Bokaris Panagiotis-Alexandros , Gouiffès Michele , Caye Véronique , Chomaz Jean-Marc , Jacquemin Christian
Published: November 2017

Gardien du Temple is an interactive installation where the concealment or revelation of poems and images is achieved through diminished reality, a new approach to augmented reality using a projector-camera system. By capturing the environment with a camera and canceling parts of the scene by reprojecting inverted images, Gardien du Temple questions the control of our perception, of what is present or not. It reveals new perspectives for installations and performing arts aiming at erasing parts of the physical space.
Homo Faber zwischen Hoffnung und Hybris
Authors: Uhle Christian
Published: November 2017

Klimaprobleme mit technischen Eingriffen in das Erdsystem lösen – diesen Ansatz haben diverse Geoengineering-Technologien gemeinsam. Weil Emissionssenkung und Klimaanpassung bisher nicht ausreichend umgesetzt wurden, könnte Geoengineering eine letzte Hoffnung sein. Oder ein weiterer Schritt in Richtung Hybris und menschliche Selbstzerstörung.
Fundamentale Resilienzstrategien für die Stromversorgung erforderlich
Authors: Aretz Astrid , Bost Mark , Hirschl Bernd , Tapia Mariela , Spengler Max , Gößling-Reisemann Stefan
Published: November 2017

Durch den verstärkten Einsatz von Informations- und Kommunikationstechnik im Bereich der Energie versorgung wird diese verwundbarer gegenüber Ausfällen und Störungen. Um dies zu verhindern, sind Veränderungen notwendig, die fundamentale Aspekte der Systemarchitektur betreffen.
Rezension: Practical Mysticism in Islam and Christianity. A comparative study of Jalal al-Din Rumi and Meister Eckhart (Saeed Zarrabi-Zadeh)
Authors: Achtner Wolfgang
Published: November 2017

Die Mystik gilt im interreligiösen Dialog als diejenige Dimension von Religion, die gemäß dem Essentialismus den gemeinsamen Kern der Religionen darstellt. In Unterschied dazu vertritt der Kontextualismus die These, dass Mystik nur in spezifischen religiösen Kontexten entsteht und so seine unverwechselbare Eigenheit erhält. Saeed Zarrabi-Zadeh vergleicht in seiner Arbeit Meister Eckhart und Rumi methodisch so miteinander, dass er die jeweiligen Stärken des Essentialismus und des Kontextualismus nutzt und ihre Schwächen vermeidet. Auf der Grundlage dieses methodischen Neuansatzes und eines weitgefassten Mystikbegriffs, der Ethik, Praxis, Spekulation und Dogmatik umfasst, kommt er zu neuen Differenzierungen im religionsphänomenologischen Vergleich und legt zugleich erhebliche Differenzen im theologischen Deutehorizont der jeweiligen Mystiker offen. Darüberhinaus arbeitet er mit seiner Interpretation der
ÖPP – Eine vorteilhafte Beschaffungsvariante für die künftige Infrastrukturgesellschaft
Authors: Sieg Gernot , Wigger Berthold U.
Published: November 2017

Whether or not the government will be able to set the right incentives for the newly founded Infrastrukturgesellschaft (Infrastructure Company), especially for minimizing life cycle costs, remains an open question. During the first few years, human resources that are inevitably tied up in establishing the company are then not available for the management of road works. Beneficial highway projects should not be excluded through a debt limit, but realized by means of Public Private Partnerships. Therefore, even though the Infrastrukturgesellschaft may ultimately improve its ability to build efficient highways in Germany, in the meantime, especially large projects should be achieved through Public Private Partnerships.
Als Vorarlberg zur Schweiz gehören wollte
Authors: Einetter Raphael
Published: November 2017

The following paper deals with the ambitions of the westernmost federal state of Austria, Vorarlberg, to join Switzerland after World War I. It examines the activities of the pro-Switzerland movement. The main focus is put on the events between 1918 and 1920. Furthermore, the development of Vorarlberg as a part of the new Austria is discussed.
Democratización sindical, un debate pendiente. Análisis del proceso argentino y latinoamericano
Authors: AVALLE Gerardo
Published: November 2017

La democracia sindical es un tema escasamente abordado por la sociología y la ciencia política. En este artículo se ponen en tensión los principales postulados de las líneas predominantes en ambas disciplinas, sus abordajes sobre la democracia y los modelos propuestos, tratando de identificar las dimensiones más relevantes que den cuenta de los procesos de democratización interna de los sindicatos. Estas reflexiones orientarán luego el abordaje sobre la configuración del sindicalismo latinoamericano, y especialmente el caso de las asociaciones sindicales argentinas aplicando los distintos indicadores que se han identificado en la discusión teórica precedente. Finalmente se analizan algunas conjeturas a la luz de una serie de datos extraídos de fuentes secundarias y se elabora una síntesis con los principales aportes de las corrientes analizadas tomando en consideración su utilidad para futuros análisis.
Percepción social sobre el Pago por Servicios Ambientales Hidrológicos en la Reserva de la Biósfera Mariposa Monarca.
Authors: Cabestany Ruiz Gabriela , Zamora Saenz Itzkuauhtli , García Cuevas Luis Mario , Lucio Hernández Margarita
Published: November 2017

En el presente trabajo se analizan los resultados de un estudio estadísticamente representativo en torno a la percepción social que tienen los núcleos agrarios que se encuentran al interior de la Reserva de la Biósfera Mariposa Monarca sobre el impacto socioeconómico del Pago por Servicios Ambientales Hidrológicos. Los resultados indican que esta política ambiental tiene una buena aceptación de los dueños de los terrenos forestales porque consideran que favorece la provisión de los servicios ecosistémicos, a pesar de que no perciban importantes beneficios económicos derivados de su participación en el programa.
La investigación sobre heráldica española, con especial atención a la Edad Moderna. Estado de la cuestión
Authors: Valle Porras José Manuel
Published: November 2017

Resumen: Este artículo pretende contribuir a un mejor conocimiento de la investigación realizada hasta el momento sobre heráldica española. Tratamos, además, de ayudar a la consecución de dos importantes objetivos. En primer lugar, el muto acercamiento de heraldistas e historiadores –sobre todo de la nobleza–, así como de estos últimos a las armerías en tanto objeto de estudio. Y, en segundo lugar, queremos hacer hincapié en la necesidad de fomentar las investigaciones sobre las armerías en la Edad Moderna, periodo mucho más desatendido que el medieval. Con estos propósitos hemos organizado el presente trabajo en tres conjuntos: la exposición de las principales tendencias que ha habido en la investigación sobre armerías; la reseña de las más destacadas aportaciones desde la heráldica, por un lado, y desde la historiografía sobre la nobleza, por el otro, tanto para la Edad Media como para la Moderna –separadamente– en nuestro país; y, finalmente, una propuesta de líneas de investigación a desarrollar para el estudio de las armerías de los siglos XVI a comienzos del XIX.Palabras clave: Heráldica, armerías, nobleza, España, Edad Moderna, estado de la cuestión.Abstract: This article aims to contribute to a better knowledge of the research on Spanish heraldry to date. It also attempts to help achieve two important goals. First, the mutual approach between heraldists and historians –especially of the nobility–, and between the latter and the coats of arms as an object of study. Second, we want to emphasize the need to encourage research on Heraldry in the Early Modern Age, a period much more neglected than the medieval one. For these purposes we have organized this paper into three main sets: (a) the explanation of the main trends found in the research on coats of arms, (b) the review of the most outstanding contributions made by heraldry, on the one hand, and by the historiography of the nobility, on the other, for both the Middle Ages and the Early Modern age –separately– in our country, and finally (c) a proposal to develop lines of research in the study of the coats of arms between the 16th and early 19th centuries.Key words: Heraldry, coat of arms, nobility, Spain, Early Modern Age, state of affairs.
Personas con discapacidad y políticas públicas de inclusión educativa en Chile
Authors: Estay Juan Guillermo , Vrsalovic Henríquez Viviana , Cabezas Cáceres Carolina
Published: November 2017

Introducción: Chile se ve enfrentado en la actualidad a un cambio de paradigma en materia educacional. La Reforma Educativa, hasta el momento, no hace mención a la educación de Personas con Discapacidad y Necesidades Educativas Especiales, que de plasmarse en ley, dejaría a Chile -entre un reducido número de países no desarrollados-, con una educación inclusiva consagrada constitucionalmente. Objetivo: Identificar las políticas de educación inclusiva que amparan a las personas con discapacidad en Chile. Metodología: Artículo de revisión. Se realizó una búsqueda de la literatura en la biblioteca nacional de Chile y Google Scholar. Resultados: Se abordaron las temáticas: sistema educativo chileno, normativa internacional en materia de educación inclusiva, normativa chilena sobre inclusión y normativa chilena sobre educación e inclusividad. Conclusión: A pesar de la normatividad sobre discapacidad existente en Chile, no ha existido una verdadera inclusión de las personas con discapacidad y necesidades educativas especiales en el sistema educativo.
Radial Head Fractures
Authors: Jordan Robert W. , Jones Alistair DR.
Published: November 2017

Background:

Radial head fractures are common elbow injuries in adults and are frequently associated with additional soft tissue and bone injuries.

Methods:

A literature search was performed and the authors’ personal experiences are reported.

Results:

Mason type I fractures are treated non-operatively with splinting and early mobilisation. The management of Mason type II injuries is less clear with evidence supporting both non-operative treatment and internal fixation. The degree of intra-articular displacement and angulation acceptable for non-operative management has yet to be conclusively defined. Similarly the treatment of type III and IV fractures remain controversial. Traditional radial head excision is associated with valgus instability and should be considered only for patients with low functional demands. Comparative studies have shown improved results from internal fixation over excision. Internal fixation should only be attempted when anatomic reduction and initiation of early motion can be achieved. Authors have reported that results from fixation are poorer and complication rates are higher if more than three fragments are present. Radial head arthroplasty aims to reconstruct the native head and is indicated when internal fixation is not feasible and in the presence of complex elbow injuries. Overstuffing of the radiocapitellar joint is a frequent technical fault and has significant adverse effects on elbow biomechanics. Modular design improves the surgeon’s ability to reconstruct the native joint. Two randomised controlled trials have shown improved clinical outcomes and lower complication rate following arthroplasty when compared to internal fixation.

Conclusion:

We have presented details regarding the treatment of various types of radial head fractures - further evidence, however, is still required to provide clarity over the role of these different management strategies.
Teaching English through the Earliest Language Fragment to Students at Islamic High School Miftahul Islah Tembelok Sandubaya District-Mataram
Authors: Sribagus - , Sahuddin - , Nurtaat Lalu
Published: November 2017

Teaching and learning English at all levels of education under Diknas or Depag is still a serious problem. English at the traditional Islamic schools (Madrasah Miftahul Islah Tembelok, in particular) still gives a negative impression, threatening, frightening, boring, difficult, and decreasing learning motivation. So many efforts have been made to increase the professionalism of the teacher/Ustaz such as in-service training, workshop, but show no significant result.  This article offers an alternative way out.  Successful teaching and learning foreign language should begin from the earliest fragment of language: acquiring vocabularies.
Ecocracy: Ecology based Democracy Pursuing Local Goals of Sustainable Development in Indonesia
Authors: Prasetyanti Retnayu
Published: November 2017

This paper analyses the need for  ecology based democracy to achieve sustainability in local development.  Research results indicate that the development of democracy as it was mandated in the Green Constitution has directed the implementation of the Local Sustainable Development Goals  using Ecocracy principles. The new trend of Open Local Government and Green Economy  by strengthening the strategies of gender development and Ecoregion has recognized  the sovereignty of the environment in local development.  A qualitative CATWOE analysis concludes that in the context of local sustainable development, the ideas of Ecofeminism and Ecoregion practically take into consideration  local factors which are unique and different due to the nature of diversity. Consequently, the key  principle of Ecocracy must be enhanced comprehensively through enhanced participation, transparency, law enforcement, sustainability, local wisdom (socio-culture), equality (gender), accountability, efficiency and effectiveness, and welfare.
Shadow Play Application in Children’s Wear Design
Authors: Yang Yu
Published: November 2017

In the mother of traditional culture, folk traditional handicraft is rich in content and various kinds, because of various artistic expression form and the artistic expression style that has visual effect is unique. As a kind of ancient Chinese folk traditional art, shadow play is famous for its rich traditional Chinese cultural patterns, unique color combination and retro characters.
Nowadays, the growth of children’s clothing market is especially bright in the market of adult clothing. But whether it is the children’s clothing derived from the foreign brands, or the brand that has been the market base in China for many years, the children’s clothes style is single, and the type of printing is not new. This research will use the performance of shadow play in children’s clothing, aiming to make children’s clothing with traditional Chinese elements.
Fomento del emprendimiento a través de actividades académicas e investigativas
Authors: Suárez Galvis Fernando
Published: November 2017

El artículo está enfocado en analizar el fomento del emprendimiento a través de actividades académicas e investigativas en la Institución de Educación Superior ITSA. Mediante una revisión documental con un diseño bibliográfico se hace un análisis de las diferentes acciones que han sido desarrolladas en los planes organizacionales, así como la forma de gestionar y difundir el conocimiento, proporcionando visibilidad, para garantizar la promoción del emprendimiento, soportando lo expuesto con los referentes teóricos de Robles y Pelekais (2015); Valverde (2011); Vásquez (2015); Torrent-Sellens (2014), entre otros. Los resultados evidencian que el proceso evolutivo del emprendimiento se observa desde la docencia como eje transversal de la malla curricular, que da forma a los contenidos programáticos de cada una de las asignaturas impartidas, en las diferentes carreras del pregrado, hasta los cambios ocurridos al hacer presencia las redes de comunicación.
AVIFAUNA NA UNIVERSIDADE DO VALE DO TAQUARI EM LAJEADO – RS
Authors: Bianchini Cleberton Diego , Kuhn Felipe , Grillo Hamilton Cézar Zanardi
Published: November 2017

As aves são consideradas como bioindicadoras das condições ambientais pois são sensíveis às mudanças e respondem rapidamente a distúrbios em seu habitat. O Brasil é um país privilegiado pela diversidade de ambientes impactando positivamente na biodiversidade, possuindo, até o momento, 1.919 espécies de aves conhecidas sendo que no RS tem-se o registro de 661 espécies. No entanto, estudos referentes às ocorrências regionais da avifauna no Vale do Taquari ainda são escassos. O objetivo, do presente estudo, foi inventariar a avifauna no campus da Univates e contribuir para o conhecimento regional da avifauna ocorrente no Estado. A metodologia utilizada para o levantamento foi a de transecto e pontos de escuta durante os períodos vespertinos e matutinos, além de amostragens noturnas. O período de amostragem ocorreu de setembro de 2014 a novembro de 2015 de forma direta ou indireta nos variados ambientes do campus, com avaliação posterior do status de conservação das espécies. Os resultados indicaram a ocorrência de 145 espécies, distribuídas em 42 famílias, sendo a Thraupidae e Tyranidae, as mais representativas. A única espécie enquadrada em algum grau de extinção foi a espécie Amazona pretrei (papagaio charão), na categoria Vulnerável – VU. Com a realização do estudo, foi possível perceber que a área, apesar de possuir ambientes antropizados, apresenta boa riqueza de espécies. O estudo também contribuiu para o conhecimento da avifauna da região e Estado.
HPLC-PDA-MS/MS Characterization of Bioactive Secondary Metabolites from Turraea fischeri Bark Extract and Its Antioxidant and Hepatoprotective Activities In Vivo
Authors: Sobeh Mansour , Mahmoud Mona , Sabry Omar , Adel Rasha , Dmirieh Malak , El-Shazly Assem , Wink Michael
Published: November 2017

Turraea fischeri is an East African traditional herb, which is widely used in traditional medicine. In this study, we profiled the secondary metabolites in the methanol extract of T. fischeri bark using HPLC-PDA-ESI-MS/MS, and 20 compounds were tentatively identified. Several isomers of the flavonolignan cinchonain-I and bis-dihydroxyphenylpropanoid-substituted catechin hexosides dominated the extract. Robust in vitro and in vivo antioxidant properties were observed in 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging assay (DPPH) and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assay, and in the model organism Caenorhabditis elegans. Additionally, the extract exhibited promising hepatoprotective activities in D-galactosamine (D-GaIN) treated rats. A significant reduction in the elevated levels of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), total bilirubin, gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT), and malondialdehyde (MDA) and increase of glutathione (GSH) was observed in rats treated with the bark extract in addition to D-galactosamine when compared with rats treated with D-galactosamine alone. In conclusion, T. fischeri is apromising candidate for health-promoting and for pharmaceutical applications.