bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Residual Spatial Reduced Transformer Based on YOLOv5 for UAV Images Object Detection
Authors: Chen Li , Cang Naimeng , Zhang Wenbo , Zhang Chan , Zhang Weidong , Guo Dongsheng
Published: April 2024

Object detection on unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) images is an important branch of object detection, belonging to small object detection in a broad sense. Detecting objects in UAV images poses a greater challenge due to the predominance of small objects and dense occlusion caused by UAV capturing images from varying heights and angles. To solve the above problems, we propose Residual Spatial Reduced Transformer based on YOLOv5 (RSRT-YOLOv5). Specifically, Slice Aided Enhancement Module (SAEM) is introduced to enhance the feature quality of small objects. Secondly, a Global attention-based Bi-directional Feature Fusion (GBFF) module is proposed. In the Neck architecture, an efficient Residual Spatial Reduced Transformer (RSRT) module is integrated in order to achieve more efficient feature representation and richer global contextual associations. Finally, our method is evaluated on the Visdrone2019 dataset, and the experimental results show that RSRT-YOLOv5 outperforms the baseline model (yolov5) and successfully improves the detection performance of UAV images.
An Intelligent Model of Anomaly Detection and Anomaly Localization in Images Using Hybrid Heuristic Adaptive Multiscale Attention-Based DenseNet and Cascaded Variational Autoencoder
Authors: Jenifer L. Leena , Devaki K.
Published: April 2024

Anomaly detection and localization become necessary since humans are unable to spot visual frauds. Since it differs from the normal representation of shapes, colors, textures, size, and location, it does not have the potential to be employed in such practical applications. Hence, the automatic anomaly detection and localization framework is suggested for supporting situations like industrial systems, healthcare systems and so on. The detection and localization are the most intriguing and challenging concerns in image processing. In general, anomalies can manifest themselves in diverse ways. Detection is the process of providing information about whether an image contains modifications or not. On the other hand, localization is defined as locating the anomalies in images. Several traditional models have been deployed, but they still lack such constraints to evade performance enhancement. To sort out this issue, a novel adaptive method is recommended for anomaly detection and localization in images. Initially, the source images are acquired from standard public data sources. Once the required images are collected, such abnormal or anomalous activities are detected by adopting the new method known as Adaptive Multiscale Attention-based DenseNet (AMA-DeNet), where the hyperparameters are tuned by a hybrid algorithm known as the Hybrid Chimp Grasshopper Optimization Algorithm (HCGOA). Subsequently, the final stage is localizing the anomalies in the detected images. This is to be accomplished by using the Cascaded Variational Autoencoder (CVA), in which parameters are optimally chosen by HCGOA. After implementation, the experimental results are computed across diverse validating measures. Hence, the extensive results elucidate that the recommended model contains the potential to detect the abnormalities in the images accurately, thereby enhancing the efficiency of the new system.
Maximal directional derivatives in Laakso space
Authors: Capolli Marco , Pinamonti Andrea , Speight Gareth
Published: April 2024

We investigate the connection between maximal directional derivatives and differentiability for Lipschitz functions defined on Laakso space. We show that maximality of a directional derivative for a Lipschitz function implies differentiability only for a [Formula: see text]-porous set of points. On the other hand, the distance to a fixed point is differentiable everywhere except for a [Formula: see text]-porous set of points. This behavior is completely different to the previously studied settings of Euclidean spaces, Carnot groups and Banach spaces. Hence, the techniques used in these spaces do not generalize to metric measure spaces.
Blow-up analysis of stationary solutions to a Liouville-type equation in 3D
Authors: Da Lio Francesca , Hyder Ali
Published: April 2024

In this paper, we study the asymptotic behavior of sequences of stationary weak solutions to the following Liouville-type equation: [Formula: see text] where [Formula: see text] is an open set. By improving the partial regularity estimates obtained by the first author in F. Da Lio [Partial regularity for stationary solutions to Liouville-type equation in dimension 3, Comm. Partial Differential Equations 33(10–12) (2008) 1890–1910] for Eq.(1) we succeed in performing a blow-up analysis without Morrey-type assumptions on the solutions [Formula: see text] and on the nonlinearity [Formula: see text]
Smooth modules over the N = 1 Bondi–Metzner–Sachs superalgebra
Authors: Liu Dong , Pei Yufeng , Xia Limeng , Zhao Kaiming
Published: April 2024

In this paper, we present a determinant formula for a contravariant form on Verma modules over the [Formula: see text] Bondi–Metzner–Sachs (BMS) superalgebra. This formula establishes a necessary and sufficient condition for the irreducibility of the Verma modules. We then introduce and characterize a class of simple smooth modules that generalize both Verma and Whittaker modules over the [Formula: see text] BMS superalgebra. We also utilize the Heisenberg–Clifford vertex superalgebra to construct a free field realization for the [Formula: see text] BMS superalgebra. This free field realization allows us to obtain a family of natural smooth modules over the [Formula: see text] BMS superalgebra, which includes Fock modules and certain Whittaker modules.
Global weak solvability in a self-consistent chemotaxis-Navier–Stokes system involving Dirichlet boundary conditions for the signal
Authors: Dong Ying , Zhang Shuai
Published: April 2024

The self-consistent chemotaxis-Navier–Stokes system with nonlinear diffusion [Formula: see text] is considered in a bounded domain [Formula: see text] with smooth boundary. Compared to the previously most-studied chemotaxis-fluid system proposed in [I. Tuval, L. Cisneros, C. Dombrowski, C. W. Wolgemuth, J. O. Kessler and R. E. Goldstein, Bacterial swimming and oxygen transport near contact lines, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 102 (2005) 2277–2282], the coupling in this system is stronger and more nonlinear. When the system is accompanied by homogeneous boundary conditions of no-flux type for [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text], and of Dirichlet type for [Formula: see text], a quasi-Lyapunov structure provides sufficient regularity features to facilitate a basic existence theory. However, if we change the boundary condition of the signal to [Formula: see text] with a given non-negative function [Formula: see text][Formula: see text], then the Dirichlet boundary condition imposed here seems to destroy the quasi-Lyapunov structure. Despite this, we shall find a new energy structure and prove that for suitably regular initial data, the assumption [Formula: see text] is sufficient for the global existence and boundedness of the weak solution. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first work on the global well-posedness problem of the self-consistent chemotaxis-fluid system involving Dirichlet boundary conditions for the signal.
SIMULATION AND EX VIVO EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF MICROWAVE ABLATION OF ADRENAL ADENOMA BY COAXIAL SLOT ANTENNA
Authors: LIU HUIHUI , NAN QUN , WU NING , SONG XIAOHUA
Published: April 2024

Object: Microwave ablation has been widely used in tumor treatment, and the antenna is a critical component of microwave ablation. We aimed to evaluate a single-slot antenna to generate a small volume ablation zone ([Formula: see text] in adrenal tissue. Methods: A three-dimensional numerical model of the adrenal tissue was built and solved by the Finite Element Method. In the simulation model, the slot antenna was placed between the adrenal gland and fat, and the microwave ablation power and time were adjusted to obtain the target ablation zone. In ex vivo experiments, the length and width of the ablation zone were measured, and the significance of ablation parameters on it was determined using a multi-factorial analysis of variance method. The temperature versus time curves at 3[Formula: see text]mm and 7[Formula: see text]mm from the antenna were plotted to validate the simulation. Results: The simulation results showed that the combination of microwave ablation parameter settings 30[Formula: see text]W/300[Formula: see text]s, 40[Formula: see text]W/180[Formula: see text]s, and 40[Formula: see text]W/300[Formula: see text]s could create ablation zones in the adrenal tissue volumes of [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text], respectively, with minimal damage (less than [Formula: see text] to the surrounding fat tissue. Both power and heating time significantly affected the length and width of the ablation zone. The temperature rise curves obtained in the simulation and ex vivo experiments were in good agreement. Conclusion: This work shows that utilizing a slot antenna can produce a small volume ablation zone in adrenal tissue for microwave ablation of benign adrenal adenomas.
An Informative Review on Green Synthesis of Reduced Graphene Oxide by Phytoextracts
Authors: Bairy Bapan , Maity Subrata , Das Piu , Tantubay Kartik , Baskey Sen Moni
Published: April 2024

Graphene in the form of film, fiber, fabrics and composites is widely investigated research area because of its remarkable physical, chemical and thermal properties. The acceptance of plant-derived products to synthesize graphene or reduced graphene oxide (RGO) has the supremacy of environmentally friendly, mild reaction condition, sustainability, cost effective and simple reaction procedure compared with conventional chemical synthesis methods. To synthesize RGO from graphene oxide (GO) in traditional chemical reduction method, highly toxic and hazardous reducing agents, capping agents, solvents are generally employed which severely affect and threaten ecological equilibrium and human well-being. In this paper, different highly facile and eco-friendly, low-cost green synthesis of RGO using aqueous plant extracts have been surveyed. The phytochemical present in plant extract, methods of preparation of the extract, detection of phytochemical present in extract, preparation of GO, methods of reduction of GO, mechanism of reduction of GO by greener way are discussed.
Comparative study of kinship network community detection approaches
Authors: Joram Arun , Singh Karam Ratan
Published: April 2024

This study employs five community detection methods on a rooted tree network with 600 nodes and 599 edges based on the Galo tribe’s kin naming system in Arunachal Pradesh, India. The network was originally assumed to be made up of three communities, which the algorithms were able to further divide into smaller groupings. The Louvain approach produced the most balanced distribution of community sizes, with skewness and kurtosis values close to zero, implying that the detected communities were reasonably evenly distributed in size and without major outliers. However, the Louvain algorithm found 25 communities, which is more than the network’s previously reported three communities. Further investigation may be required to integrate some of these communities in order to obtain the original known communities. Overall, this study highlights the importance of selecting an appropriate community detection algorithm for a given network and research question.
THE IMPACT OF CHINA’S “DUAL-CARBON GOAL” ON THE STOCK MARKET: EVIDENCE FROM THE PHOTOVOLTAIC INDUSTRY
Authors: YAN CHUANGYE , HE MINGJUN , LI FANG , ZHU LILI
Published: April 2024

After the Chinese government’s announcement to achieve the goal of “carbon peaking and carbon neutrality”, the solar photovoltaic power generation industry in the country has experienced rapid development. This paper examines the impact of China’s “dual-carbon” goal on the country’s photovoltaic industry. Photovoltaic companies listed on the stock market are selected and the stock price data of these selected companies from June 1, 2020 to January 28, 2022 are tested for potential structural changes. The paper adopts the Quandt–Andrews test and the results show that the four selected companies have indeed undergone structural changes within one year after the announcement of the dual-carbon goal, and that the demand for photovoltaic power generation equipment has increased significantly. Finally, some suggestions are put forward for enhancing the photovoltaic industry after the COVID-19 pandemic.
Biomedical Applications with Multiscale Structures Produced by Additive Manufacturing
Authors: Günay Mustafa , Meral Tolga
Published: April 2024

In biomedical applications, various additive manufacturing (AM) techniques such as fused deposition modeling (FDM), inkjet, stereolithography (STL), direct powder extrusion (DPE), and selective laser sintering (SLS), as well as other digitally controlled 3D printing (3DP) techniques, are used. Advances in AM methods have led to the development of tissues, microdevices, artificial organs, personalized prostheses and orthoses, dental and various bone implants, biopharmaceutical applications and drug delivery system (DDS), and patient-specific surgical models, etc. that require multiscale structures, materials and functions. It enables the three-dimensional (3D) design and manufacturing of biomedical products with complex geometries. Additionally, it enables the modeling and 3DP using the biomimetic approach for applications that require lightweight and durable structures as well as biocompatibility. The purpose of this study is to review macro-to-nano multiscale AM technologies, design and modeling status, materials, and applications used for biomedical applications. Additionally, recommendations are given on what needs to be done to overcome the current limitations and challenges of micro/-nano printing in current AM technologies.
In silico Validation of Cinnamaldehyde as Potent Anti-Inflammatory Agent Coupled with Potential in vitro Anti-Cathepsin B and Serum Protein Activities
Authors: Vashisth Chanchal , Verma Nitin Kumar , Bendi Anjaneyulu , Raghav Neera
Published: April 2024

The immune system’s primary response to injury, stress, or infection is inflammation. It affects many people as they get older and is a response related to diseases such as cancer, osteoporosis, inflammatory bowel disease, cardiovascular disease, obesity, rheumatoid arthritis, and asthma. Therefore, it is important to have effective treatments. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are commonly used but they have many side effects and high costs. Natural products have emerged as potential regulators of immune responses and inflammation. Cinnamaldehyde (CM), a plant-derived compound with a simple chemical structure but possessing diverse pharmacological activities, has garnered considerable interest. In this study, we have computationally assessed the CM anti-inflammatory potential and compared it with commercially used anti-inflammatory drugs, namely indomethacin (INDO), diclofenac (DIC), and naproxen (NAP) utilizing various tools. CHEM3D facilitated overlay and alignment analyses, with molinspiration assessed drug likeliness and bioactivity, while vNNADMET, SWISS ADME, and admetSAR were instrumental in studying pharmacokinetics parameters and toxicity, Galaxxrefine was employed for simulation studies, and iGEMDOCK, along with DS-visualizer, aided in the examination of molecular interactions. Additionally, in vitro analysis of serum protein protection and anti-cathepsin B activity was observed at [Formula: see text][Formula: see text]M and [Formula: see text][Formula: see text]M, respectively. The combined findings from in silico and in vitro studies strongly suggest the significant anti-inflammatory potential of CM when compared to commercially available anti-inflammatory drugs.
Modeling Radioactive Decay Series Phenomenon Involving First-Order Differential Equation and Visualizing Solutions Using Open-Source Software XCOS
Authors: Menon Rashmi , Verma Maya , Haridas Divya , Tanwar Amit
Published: April 2024

Numerous physical and chemical processes can be accurately described by first-order differential equations and can be solved through analytical methods. The solutions to these equations necessitate the specification of initial or boundary conditions. In the realm of physics and chemistry education, the ability to visualize the solutions of differential equations and comprehend their implications for physical/chemical changes holds significant importance. XCOS, an open-source software tool, serves as a valuable resource for both solving differential equations and graphically representing their solutions. Furthermore, XCOS aids in tackling nonlinear differential equations for which analytical solutions are often elusive. This paper delves into radioactive decay and decay series reactions by first-order differential equations. The paper explores the successful resolution and visualization of the phenomenon involving differential equations through XCOS. This approach extends to the manipulation of various parameters within the equations, further fostering inquiry-based learning.
Coordination and Disaster Response: A Humanitarian Organizational Network perspective in Uganda
Authors: Masaba Ayub Kutosi , Aryatwijuka Wilbrod , Ntayi Joseph. M. , Amooti Vincent Bagire
Published: April 2024

This paper examined the relationship between humanitarian organizational network, coordination and disaster response in Uganda. Contextually, most research in the area of disaster management rotates around the entire disaster management process/stages. There is inadequate research that tends to study a single stage in the disaster management cycle especially the response stage. Additionally, there are limited studies that have been conducted in developing countries like Uganda, most studies have been and continue to be conducted in highly disaster-prepared, coordinated and developed states. The study used a cross-sectional survey design in which quantitative methods were applied. Findings indicate that coordination positively influenced disaster response. Based on the literature and findings, the study concludes that disaster response is dependent on coordination. The study recommends that responding organizations should establish clear communication channels, build trust and social capital, and ensure that there is learning and adaptation to complex disaster environments. This will lead to better coordination within the humanitarian organizational networks and in turn successful disaster response operations.
Average User-Side Counterfactual Fairness for Collaborative Filtering
Authors: Shao Pengyang , Wu Le , Zhang Kun , Lian Defu , Hong Richang , Li Yong , Wang Meng
Published: April 2024

Recently, the user-side fairness issue in Collaborative Filtering (CF) algorithms has gained considerable attention, arguing that results should not discriminate an individual or a sub-user group based on users’ sensitive attributes (e.g., gender). Researchers have proposed fairness-aware CF models by decreasing statistical associations between predictions and sensitive attributes. A more natural idea is to achieve model fairness from a causal perspective. The remaining challenge is that we have no access to interventions, i.e., the counterfactual world that produces recommendations when each user has changed the sensitive attribute value. To this end, we first borrow the Rubin-Neyman potential outcome framework to define average causal effects of sensitive attributes. Next, we show that removing causal effects of sensitive attributes is equal to average counterfactual fairness in CF. Then, we use the propensity re-weighting paradigm to estimate the average causal effects of sensitive attributes and formulate the estimated causal effects as an additional regularization term. To the best of our knowledge, we are one of the first few attempts to achieve counterfactual fairness from the causal effect estimation perspective in CF, which frees us from building sophisticated causal graphs. Finally, experiments on three real-world datasets show the superiority of our proposed model.
Artificial Intelligence for Web 3.0: A Comprehensive Survey
Authors: Shen Meng , Tan Zhehui , Niyato Dusit , Liu Yuzhi , Kang Jiawen , Xiong Zehui , Zhu Liehuang , Wang Wei , Shen Xuemin (Sherman)
Published: April 2024

Web 3.0 is the next generation of the Internet built on decentralized technologies such as blockchain and cryptography. It is born to solve the problems faced by the previous generation of the Internet such as imbalanced distribution of interests, monopoly of platform resources, and leakage of personal privacy. In this survey, we discuss the latest development status of Web 3.0 and the application of emerging AI technologies in it. First, we investigate the current successful practices of Web 3.0 and various components in the current Web 3.0 ecosystem and thus propose the hierarchical architecture of the Web 3.0 ecosystem from the perspective of application scenarios. The architecture we proposed contains four layers: data management, value circulation, ecological governance, and application scenarios. We dive into the current state of development and the main challenges and issues present in each layer. In this context, we find that AI technology will have great potential. We first briefly introduce the role that artificial intelligence technology may play in the development of Web 3.0. Then, we conduct an in-depth analysis of the current application status of artificial intelligence technology in the four layers of Web 3.0 and provide some insights into its potential future development directions.
Interactive Question Answering Systems: Literature Review
Authors: Biancofiore Giovanni Maria , Deldjoo Yashar , Noia Tommaso Di , Di Sciascio Eugenio , Narducci Fedelucio
Published: April 2024

Question-answering systems are recognized as popular and frequently effective means of information seeking on the web. In such systems, information seekers can receive a concise response to their queries by presenting their questions in natural language. Interactive question answering is a recently proposed and increasingly popular solution that resides at the intersection of
question answering
and
dialogue systems
. On the one hand, the user can ask questions in normal language and locate the actual response to her inquiry; on the other hand, the system can prolong the question-answering session into a dialogue if there are multiple probable replies, very few, or ambiguities in the initial request. By permitting the user to ask more questions, interactive question answering enables users to interact with the system and receive more precise results dynamically.

This survey offers a detailed overview of the interactive question-answering methods that are prevalent in current literature. It begins by explaining the foundational principles of question-answering systems, hence defining new notations and taxonomies to combine all identified works inside a unified framework. The reviewed published work on interactive question-answering systems is then presented and examined in terms of its proposed methodology, evaluation approaches, and dataset/application domain. We also describe trends surrounding specific tasks and issues raised by the community, so shedding light on the future interests of scholars. Our work is further supported by a GitHub page synthesizing all the major topics covered in this literature study.
https://sisinflab.github.io/interactive-question-answering-systems-survey/
Molecular Machines that Facilitate Bacterial Outer Membrane Protein Biogenesis
Authors: Doyle Matthew Thomas , Bernstein Harris D.
Published: April 2024

Almost all outer membrane proteins (OMPs) in Gram-negative bacteria contain a β-barrel domain that spans the outer membrane (OM). To reach the OM, OMPs must be translocated across the inner membrane by the Sec machinery, transported across the crowded periplasmic space through the assistance of molecular chaperones, and finally assembled (folded and inserted into the OM) by the β-barrel assembly machine. In this review, we discuss how considerable new insights into the contributions of these factors to OMP biogenesis have emerged in recent years through the development of novel experimental, computational, and predictive methods. In addition, we describe recent evidence that molecular machines that were thought to function independently might interact to form dynamic intermembrane supercomplexes. Finally, we discuss new results that suggest that OMPs are inserted primarily near the middle of the cell and packed into supramolecular structures (OMP islands) that are distributed throughout the OM.
AlphaFold and Protein Folding: Not Dead Yet! The Frontier Is Conformational Ensembles
Authors: Bowman Gregory R.
Published: April 2024

Like the black knight in the classic Monty Python movie, grand scientific challenges such as protein folding are hard to finish off. Notably, AlphaFold is revolutionizing structural biology by bringing highly accurate structure prediction to the masses and opening up innumerable new avenues of research. Despite this enormous success, calling structure prediction, much less protein folding and related problems, “solved” is dangerous, as doing so could stymie further progress. Imagine what the world would be like if we had declared flight solved after the first commercial airlines opened and stopped investing in further research and development. Likewise, there are still important limitations to structure prediction that we would benefit from addressing. Moreover, we are limited in our understanding of the enormous diversity of different structures a single protein can adopt (called a conformational ensemble) and the dynamics by which a protein explores this space. What is clear is that conformational ensembles are critical to protein function, and understanding this aspect of protein dynamics will advance our ability to design new proteins and drugs.
Formal Theories of Special Interest Influence
Authors: Schnakenberg Keith E. , Turner Ian R.
Published: April 2024

The impact of money on politics—whether through campaign finance, lobbying, or independent expenditure—raises key normative questions about democratic representation and accountability. In recent years there has been a deluge of new data allowing researchers to study money in politics from new and exciting perspectives. As a complement to this trend, there has also been a resurgence of interest in developing formal models to provide new theoretical insights that can help us understand how, why, and when money influences politics and policy. We review several major themes in this literature, focusing specifically on exchange-based models, informational models, and subsidy-based models. We compare and contrast the key contributions, and limitations, of each approach in understanding the role of lobbying and campaign finance in politics. We also discuss future avenues for research that incorporate aspects of each approach, which, we believe, will introduce new theoretical insights for understanding special interest influence.
Antibacterial, Optical, Structural, and AC Conductivity Characteristics of Lithium-Doped Barium Zinc Borate Glasses for Multiple Applications
Authors: Anterbedy Jagram , Pallati Naresh , Seema Aravind , A. Rajesh , Thalari Gangadhar
Published: April 2024

An Li2O-incorporated bioactive glass system of chemical composition xLi2O-10BaO-10ZnO-(80-x)B2O3 with x = 0–20 mol% was synthesized by melt-quench route. Non-crystalline behaviour was confirmed with X-ray diffraction spectra. The antibacterial zone of inhibitions increased with Li2O incorporation. Experimental densities increased with Li2O molar content and molar volume decreased. UV-Optical absorption spectra confirmed a cut-off wave length (λ
c) increasing trend by NBOs. Indirect band gap decreased, direct band gap decreased, and Urbach energy increased with Li2O addition. The refractive index of the glass system also increased. Fourier transform infrared and Raman spectroscopy studies confirmed the structural variations and existence of metal-oxides in the glass matrix. The AC conductivity increased with frequency, temperature, and also Li2O content by almost three orders of magnitude. The findings of higher order conductivity (10−3Ω−1cm−1), improvement in the zone of inhibitions upto 15 mm against E. coli., and 14 mm against Salmonella; higher value of refractive index (n > 2) confirms the multiple applications of these glasses.
Long-term follow-up of TREK-1 KO mice reveals the development of bladder hypertrophy and impaired bladder smooth muscle contractility with age
Authors: Xie Alison Xiaoqiao , Iguchi Nao , Malykhina Anna P.
Published: April 2024

This study compared voiding function and bladder phenotypes in global and smooth muscle-specific TREK-1 KO mice. We found significant age-related changes in bladder contractility, suggesting that the lack of TREK-1 channel activity might contribute to age-related changes in bladder smooth muscle physiology.
Noninvasive estimation of skeletal muscle oxygen consumption rate and microvascular reactivity in chronic stroke survivors using near-infrared spectroscopy
Authors: Hyngstrom Allison S. , Nguyen Jennifer N. , Gutterman David D. , Schmit Brian D. , Klevenow Emilie A. , Durand Matthew J.
Published: April 2024

Secondary consequences of stroke are not well described. In this study, we show that basal muscle oxidative consumption and microvascular endothelial function are reduced in the paretic tibialis anterior muscle of chronic stroke survivors compared with matched controls using near-infrared spectroscopy and the vascular occlusion technique. There was a moderately strong correlation between microvascular endothelial function and paretic leg strength.
Effects of aerobic exercise training on cerebral pulsatile hemodynamics in middle-aged adults with elevated blood pressure/stage 1 hypertension
Authors: Reed Krista S. , Frescoln Abby M. , Keleher Quinn , Brellenthin Angelique G. , Kohut Marian L. , Lefferts Wesley K.
Published: April 2024

We identify differential central versus cerebrovascular responses to 12 wk of aerobic exercise training in middle-aged adults. Although proximal aortic compliance and characteristic impedance improved after 12 wk of exercise, cerebral pulsatility tended to unexpectedly increase. These data suggest short-term aerobic exercise training may lead to more immediate benefits in the central vasculature, whereas longer duration exercise training may be required for beneficial changes in pulsatility within the cerebrovasculature.
Metabolomics of Mice with Type 2 Diabetes and Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Treated by Acupuncture
Authors: Guo Yihui , Zhang Liying , Li Mengyuan , Lin Linan , Xue Fuyu , Gao Wanning , Xu Xiaoru , Huang Haipeng
Published: April 2024

Introduction. To investigate the effects of acupuncture on endogenous metabolites in the liver of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) mice-based metabolomics. Methods. Proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR) metabolomics combined with multivariate statistical analysis and univariate analysis were used to analyze the changes of endogenous metabolites in the liver of mice in each group and to provide new clinical ideas for acupuncture in the treatment of glycolipid metabolism disorders caused by T2DM and NAFLD. Results. After 4 weeks of continuous treatment, fasting blood glucose (FBG), insulin (INS), total cholesterol (TC), and triglyceride (TG) decreased significantly in mice in the acupuncture treatment group (ATG), and the content of liver glycogen increased significantly. Based on 1H-NMR metabolomic analysis, a total of 47 metabolites were identified in the liver of T2DM with NAFLD mice, of which eight metabolites: UDP-N-acetylglucosamine, adenosine, glutamate, isoleucine, ATP, 3-hydroxybutyric acid, NADP+, and leucine were significantly altered by acupuncture treatment. Through the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis, it is found that acupuncture has an intervention effect on five metabolic pathways, mainly involving amino acid metabolism, energy metabolism, and oxidative stress. Conclusion. Our study shows that acupuncture can regulate the liver metabolism mode of T2DM in NAFLD mice. It can reduce blood glucose and lipid accumulation in the liver, and these findings provide a new idea and theoretical basis for acupuncture in the treatment of diseases related to glucose and lipid metabolism.
Traumatic Life Events, Violence, and Obesity: A Cross-Sectional Study from 408 Patients Enrolled in a Bariatric Surgery Program
Authors: Diallo Alhassane , Minier Nadine , Bonnet Jean-baptiste , Bourrié Christine , Lacroix Valérie , Robert Alexandrine , Lefebvre Patrick , Joumaa Saadeddine , Avignon Antoine , Renard Eric , Nocca David , Galtier Florence
Published: April 2024

Introduction: Obesity is a chronic disease that increases cardiovascular and metabolic morbidity and mortality, decreases quality of life, and increases health care costs. While the role of lifestyle behavioral factors in the development of obesity is well established, the role of traumatic life events, including violence, is unclear. The purpose of this study was to describe situations of traumatic life events reported by patients undergoing a bariatric surgery program, with a particular focus on sexual violence and its clinical correlates. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, patients with grade II or III obesity, admitted to our digestive surgery department for bariatric surgery from August 01, 2019, to December 31, 2020, underwent a structured interview by a trained psychologist to describe the history of traumatic life events self-reported by the patients. The primary endpoint was the presence of a history of sexual violence (SV). Multivariate logistic regressions were applied to identify independent risk factors for SV. Results: Of the 408 patients interviewed, 87.1% reported at least one traumatic life event and 33.1% reported having had an SV in the past. Female gender (aOR = 7.44, 95% confidence interval: 3.85–15.73; p < 0.001) and higher body mass index (1.05, 1.02–1.08; p = 0.002) were associated with an increased risk of SV. Male gender was associated with a higher risk of difficulties including sports cessation, depression, and work-related distress. Conclusion: In the context of obesity, psychosocial trauma is characterized by a high frequency and several gender specificities that must be taken into account in the management of these patients.
Predicting Matrix Test Effectiveness for Evaluating Auditory Performance in Noise Using Pure-Tone Audiometry and Speech Recognition in Quiet in Cochlear Implant Recipients
Authors: Flament Jonathan , De Seta Daniele , Russo Francesca Yoshie , Bestel Julie , Sterkers Olivier , Ferrary Evelyne , Nguyen Yann , Mosnier Isabelle , Torres Renato
Published: April 2024

Introduction: Auditory performance in noise of cochlear implant recipients can be assessed with the adaptive Matrix test (MT); however, when the speech-to-noise ratio (SNR) exceeds 15 dB, the background noise has any negative impact on the speech recognition. Here, we aim to evaluate the predictive power of aided pure-tone audiometry and speech recognition in quiet and establish cut-off values for both tests that indicate whether auditory performance in noise can be assessed using the Matrix sentence test in a diffuse noise environment. Methods: Here, we assessed the power of pure-tone audiometry and speech recognition in quiet to predict the response to the MT. Ninety-eight cochlear implant recipients were assessed using different sound processors from Advanced Bionics (n = 56) and CochlearTM (n = 42). Auditory tests were performed at least 1 year after cochlear implantation or upgrading the sound processor to ensure the best benefit of the implant. Auditory assessment of the implanted ear in free-field conditions included: pure-tone average (PTA), speech discrimination score (SDS) in quiet at 65 dB, and speech recognition threshold (SRT) in noise that is the SNR at which the patient can correctly recognize 50% of the words using the MT in a diffuse sound field. Results: The SRT in noise was determined in 60 patients (61%) and undetermined in 38 (39%) using the MT. When cut-off values for PTA <36 dB and SDS >41% were used separately, they were able to predict a positive response to the MT in 83% of recipients; using both cut-off values together, the predictive value reached 92%. Discussion: As the pure-tone audiometry is standardized universally and the speech recognition in quiet could vary depending on the language used; we propose that the MT should be performed in recipients with PTA <36 dB, and in recipients with PTA >36 dB, a list of Matrix sentences at a fixed SNR should be presented to determine the percentage of words understood. This approach should enable clinicians to obtain information about auditory performance in noise whenever possible.
СУЧАСНІ АСПЕКТИ ВИКОРИСТАННЯ ПАЦІЄНТ-ОРІЄНТОВАНОГО ПІДХОДУ В АМБУЛАТОРНІЙ ПРАКТИЦІ: УЧАСТЬ ВІЙСЬКОВИХ ЛІКАРІВ
Authors: Ткаленко О. М. , Ткачук І. М. , Соколюк А. К.
Published: April 2024

РЕЗЮМЕ. Мета – визначити ставлення військових лікарів до використання пацієнт-орієнтованої моделі медичної допомоги та їх потреби у підвищенні поінформованості з цього питання.
Матеріал і методи. Проведено анкетне опитування 67 військових лікарів загальної практики. Використано такі методи: соціологічний, статистичний, системного підходу та аналізу.
Результати. Визначено проблемні питання щодо використання військовими лікарями основних принципів пацієнт-орієнтованої медичної допомоги: технологію спільного ухвалення рішень застосовують тільки 29,9 %; 53,7 % – надають емоційну підтримку пацієнту щодо вирішення проблем зі здоров’ям і полегшення тривоги та страху, 59,7 % – активно залучають військовослужбовців до самоконтролю стану здоров’я та результатів лікування. Всі опитані лікарі підтримали необхідність проведення фахової школи «Пацієнт-орієнтований підхід в амбулаторній практиці».
Висновки. Обґрунтовано необхідність оптимізації безперервної освіти військових лікарів щодо використання засад пацієнт-орієнтованої моделі медичної допомоги.
ПАТОГЕНЕТИЧНІ АСПЕКТИ РОЗВИТКУ ЗМІН СЕРЦЕВО-СУДИННОЇ СИСТЕМИ У ПАЦІЄНТІВ З COVID-19 НА ФОНІ ЦУКРОВОГО ДІАБЕТУ ІІ ТИПУ
Authors: Маліновська Л. І. , Денефіль О. В. , Кулянда О. О. , Михайлишин Г. І. , Романюк Л. Б.
Published: April 2024

Актуальність обраної теми не викликає сумніву, оскільки захворюваність на цукровий діабет та серцево-судинна патологія посідають провідні місця у структурі захворюваності в Україні і в світі, а пандемія COVID-19 погіршила прогноз для таких пацієнтів. Метою нашої роботи було проаналізувати вітчизняний та закордонний досвід у вивченні взаємних впливів змін, котрі виникають у серцево-судинній системі при ЦД 2 типу на фоні COVID-19, а також проаналізувати результати електрокардіограми стаціонарних пацієнтів з респіраторними синдромами, спричиненими SARS-CoV-2 у коморбідності з патологією серцево-судинної системи та ЦД 2 типу.
Матеріали і методи. Огляд літератури було виконано з використанням таких баз даних, як PubMed, Google Scholar, та ресурси в реальному часі (наприклад, звіти МОЗ України, ВООЗ). Проаналізовано історії хвороби 39 пацієнтів з ЦД 2 типу, що перебували на стаціонарному лікуванні з приводу ускладненого перебігу COVID-19.  Аналіз проводили у порівнянні із 14 пацієнтами, що перебували на стаціонарному лікуванні з приводу аналогічної патології, але не страждали на  ЦД.
Результати. Пацієнти з ЦД 2 типу і серцево-судинними захворюваннями мають вищу схильність до ускладнень при інфікуванні SARS-CoV-2, ніж ті, хто страждає лише на одну з цих патологій. Результати аналізу ЕКГ у пацієнтів з ЦД 2 типу виявляли вдвічі частіше блокаду однієї з ніжок пучка Гіса, синусову брадикардію та екстрасистолію на відміну від хворих без діабету. Втричі частіше у них зареєстровано ознаки гіпертрофії шлуночків (20,5 % проти 7,14 %), дифузні зміни міокарду та інфаркти різної локалізації, чого не було у хворих без ЦД 2 типу. Загалом кількість пацієнтів з нормальною ЕКГ у дослідній групі склала 30,81 % у контрольній - 42,86 %, незважаючи на те, що у контрольній групі також провідною була патологія серцево-судинної системи.
Висновки. Пацієнти з ЦД, коли інфікуються COVID-19 мають вищий ризик розвитку серцево-судинних змін, що орієнтовно відображаються на ЕКГ та потребують більш детального дослідження функціонального стану серцево-судинної системи з застосуванням лабораторних та інструментальних методів діагностики.
КЛІНІКО-ДІАГНОСТИЧНІ АСПЕКТИ ЛЕЙОМІОМИ МАТКИ ТА ЇЇ КОМОРБІДНОГО ПЕРЕБІГУ З ЕНДОМЕТРІОЗОМ
Authors: Вовк-Шульга С. О. , Хміль С. В.
Published: April 2024

РЕЗЮМЕ. Як лейоміома матки (ЛМ), так і генітальний ендометріоз мають багато спільних клінічних ознак, включаючи тазовий біль, порушення менструального циклу та зниження фертильності, проте, чи співіснують ці розлади випадково, чи через спільні етіологічні фактори, невідомо.

Метою даного дослідження було проаналізувати клініко-діагностичні характеристики пацієнток з інтрамуральною ЛМ та її коморбідним перебігом з генітальним ендометріозом.

Матеріал і методи. В дослідження було включено 63 пацієнтки з діагнозом інтрамуральної лейоміоми ЛМ та генітального ендометріозу, які були поділені на групу з коморбідним перебігом досліджуваних патологій (n=33) та групу з ізольованою лейоміомою матки (n=30). Цикли контрольованої оваріальної стимуляції за допомогою ДРТ та встановлений діагноз непліддя в анамнезі мали 5 пацієнток. Жінкам проводили бімануальне обстеження внутрішніх статевих органів та ультразвукове дослідження органів малого таза.

Результати. Серед пацієнток як з коморбідним перебігом ЛМ та ендометріозу, так і з ізольованою ЛМ, вірогідно переважають особи з наявними матковими кровотечами (81,82 % та 73,33 % відповідно), явищами дизурії (у 45,45 % та 40,00 % відповідно), слизовими (у 54,55 % та 56,67 % відповідно) та кров’янистими (у 45,45% та 43,33% відповідно) виділеннями; при гінекологічному огляді у 100 % осіб виявлено збільшення тіла матки (бімануально). Щодо менструальної функції, то вік початку менструації в обох групах дослідження вірогідно менший (на 7,50 % та 7,79 % відповідно); кровотеча є вірогідно тривалішою (в 2,01 раза та 1,77 раза відповідно), частка осіб із гіперменореєю (54,55 % та 56,67 % відповідно) та частка осіб з нерегулярним менструальним циклом (33,33 % та 29,17 % відповідно) є вірогідно більшою відносно контрольної групи. При цьому в групі з коморбідним перебігом ЛМ та ендометріозу переважають особи з солідарним міоматозним вузлом, а у групі з ізольованою ЛМ – особи з множинними вузлами (c2=11,15;р<0,05), а максимальний діаметр вузла у пацієнток з коморбідним перебігом ЛМ та ендометріозу на 24,42 % вірогідно перевищує аналогічний показник пацієнток з ізольованою ЛМ.

Висновки. Встановлено однакові клініко-діагностичні характеристики пацієнток з інтрамуральною ЛМ та її коморбідним перебігом з генітальним ендометріозом, за винятком переважання солідарних міоматозних вузлів з вірогідно вищим максимальним діаметром вузла за умови коморбідності.
ПОРІВНЯЛЬНА ОЦІНКА ЕФЕКТИВНОСТІ ЛІКУВАННЯ ХВОРИХ НА БРОНХІАЛЬНУ АСТМУ ІЗ ОЖИРІННЯМ ЗАЛЕЖНО ВІД ВІКУ ДЕБЮТУ
Authors: Качковська В. В. , Приступа Л. Н.
Published: April 2024

РЕЗЮМЕ. Мета дослідження – порівняльна оцінка клінічної та лабораторної ефективності залучення аторвастатину та вітаміну D до базисного лікування хворих на БА із ожирінням залежно від віку дебюту.

Матеріал і методи. Обстежено 195 хворих на БА із ожирінням і 95 практично здорових осіб. Пацієнтів поділено на дві групи залежно від віку дебюту БА: 100 хворих із раннім дебютом склали І групу, 95 із пізнім – ІІ групу. Пацієнти із повним контролем на початковому етапі та ті, які досягли контролю після корекції базисного лікування, були виключені з подальшого дослідження. Пацієнти І (n=65) та ІІ груп (n=68) були поділені на підгрупи А, Б і В: ІА (n=23) та ІІА (n=22) підгрупи отримували базисне лікування у поєднанні з вітаміном D; ІБ (n=20) та ІІБ (n=25) – з аторвастатином; ІВ (n=22) та ІІВ (n=21) – лише базисне. Вміст TGF-β1 визначали за допомогою наборів для імуноферментного аналізу IBL International GMBH (Hamburg, Germany). Вміст 25(OH)D визначали імунохімічним методом з хемілюмінесцентною детекцією (Abbott Diagnostics, USA). Оцінку контролю БА здійснювали за допомогою опитувальника ACQ-5. Дослідження було схвалено Комісією з питань біоетики навчально-наукового медичного інституту Сумського державного університету. Статистичний аналіз отриманих результатів проводили за допомогою SPSS-17 програми.

Результати. Вміст TGF-β1 у хворих на ранню БА із ожирінням не змінювався на фоні базисного лікування та при його поєднанні з аторвастатином, знижувався при застосуванні базисної терапії та вітаміну D (р=0,001) та був нижчим порівняно з таким у хворих ІБ та ІВ підгруп. У хворих із пізнім дебютом знижувався у ІІА (р=0,001) та ІІБ (р=0,001) підгруп. Зниження вмісту ТGF-β1 супроводжувалось зростання вмісту вітаміну D лише у хворих ІА (р=0,001) і ІІА (р=0,001) підгруп. Виявлено негативний кореляційний зв’язок середньої сили у хворих І (r=-0,523; p=0,001) та ІІ (r=-0,379; p=0,001) груп між вмістом вітаміну D та TGF-β1. Зростання рівня контролю ранньої БА було у пацієнтів ІА і ІБ підгруп, але у ІА він був вищим, порівняно із пацієнтами Б (р=0,001) та В (р=0,001) підгруп. Контроль пізньої БА зростав у хворих усіх підгруп, проте вищий його рівень був у хворих ІІБ, порівняно із ІІА (р=0,001) та ІІВ (р=0,017) підгрупами. ФЗД максимально зростала у хворих на ранню БА при залученні до базисного лікування вітаміну D, а у хворих на пізню – при залученні аторвастатину.

Висновки. Вміст TGF-β1 вірогідно знижувався у хворих ІА, ІІа та ІІб підгруп. Вміст вітаміну D зростав у хворих ІА і ІІА підгруп. Виявлено кореляційний зв’язок середньої сили у хворих І (r=-0,523; p=0,001) та ІІ (r=-0,379; p=0,001) груп між вмістом вітаміну D та TGF-β1. Вищий контроль та максимальне покращення ФЗД у хворих на ранню БА із ожирінням були досягнуті за допомогою поєднання базисної терапії з вітаміном D, а пізньої БА – при залученні аторвастатину.
АКТУАЛЬНІСТЬ ВИКЛАДАННЯ ДИСЦИПЛІНИ «КЛІНІЧНА ЛАБОРАТОРНА ДІАГНОСТИКА» ДЛЯ ЗДОБУВАЧІВ СПЕЦІАЛЬНОСТІ 223 «МЕДСЕСТРИНСТВО»
Authors: Мялюк О. П. , Коробко Л. Р. , Чижишин Б. З. , Габор Г. Г. , Копаниця О. М.
Published: April 2024

Вступ. Професія медсестри становить найбільшу кількість медичного персоналу в усьому світі, тому необхідно відповідально ставитися до освітньої траєкторії здобувачів спеціальності для забезпечення відповідних професійних компетенцій та програмних результатів навчання.
Мета роботи – визначити необхідність викладання дисципліни «Клінічна лабораторна діагностика» для здобувачів спеціальності 223 «Медсестринство».
Основна частина. Опрацьовуючи освітньо-професійні програми і посадові інструкції медсестер на робочих місцях, ми впевнились у потребі введення дисципліни «Клінічна лабораторна діагностика» для здобувачів спеціальності 223 «Медсестринство». З метою визначення, обов’язковою чи вибірковою повинна бути дисципліна, провели анкетування серед випускників першого і другого рівнів вищої освіти за спеціальністю 223 «Медсестринство». В онлайн-опитуванні взяли участь 224 респонденти, з них 123 випускники-бакалаври медсестринства й 101 випускник-магістр. Отримані дані свідчать про те, що на першому рівні вищої освіти здобувачі спеціальності 223 «Медсестринство» дисципліну «Клінічна лабораторна діагностика» повинні вивчати в обов’язковому порядку, а на другому – вона є вибірковим освітнім компонентом.
Висновки. Одержані результати свідчать про необхідність введення дисципліни «Клінічна лабораторна діагностика» для здобувачів спеціальності 223 «Медсестринство»: на першому рівні вищої освіти – у вигляді обов’язкового освітнього компонента, а на другому – вибіркового, на розсуд здобувача.