bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Reduced Diversity and Relative Abundance of Terrestrial Snails in a Red Pine Plantation Compared with a Surrounding Northern Red Oak – Large-toothed Aspen Woods
Authors: Catling Paul M. , Kostiuk Brenda
Published: October 2017

A Red Pine (Pinus resinosa Aiton) plantation and adjacent Northern Red Oak (Quercus rubra L.) – Large-toothed Aspen (Populus grandidentata Michx.) woods, both of which developed from a savannah scrub beginning approximately 60 years ago, were compared with regard to terrestrial snail diversity and abundance. The comparison involved a 30-minute search of ten 1-m2 quadrats at ten sites in each habitat. In the Northern Red Oak – Large-toothed Aspen woodland, 13 species and 661 individuals were recorded, whereas, in the Red Pine plantation, six species and 24 individuals were recorded. In the Northern Red Oak – Large-toothed Aspen woodland, the most characteristic and abundant species was Novisuccinea ovalis (Say, 1817), which was present in 74 of the 100 quadrats and was represented by 460 individuals. In the pine plantation, the most common species was Zonitoides arboreus (Say, 1816), which was present in 16 quadrats and was represented by 17 individuals. This species was the second most common in the Northern Red Oak – Large-toothed Aspen woodland where 70 individuals were found in 34 quadrats. In both habitats, Z. arboreus was associated with downed wood. Other species occurring in more than 15% of quadrats in the Northern Red Oak –Large-toothed Aspen woodland were Strobilops labyrinthicus (Say, 1817), Glyphyalinia indentata (Say, 1823), and Euche motrema fraternum (Say, 1824). Although a lower number and diversity of terrestrial snails in the conifer plantation was expected, the contrast was greater than anticipated. The estimated abundance of 46 000 N. ovalis per hectare suggests the potential importance of these medium-sized snails in the relatively dry Northern Red Oak – Large-toothed Aspen ecosystem.
News and Comment
Authors: Lepitzki Dwayne
Published: October 2017

News and Comment
CXC chemokine ligand 12α-mediated increase in insulin secretion and survival of mouse pancreatic islets in response to oxidative stress through modulation of calcium uptake
Authors: Vidakovic Melita , Caballero-Garrido Ernesto , Mihailovic Mirjana , Arambasic-Jovanovic Jelena , Sinadinovic Marija , Rajic Jovana , Uskokovic Aleksandra , Dinic Svetlana , Grdovic Nevena , Djordjevic Milos , Tolic Anja , Poznanovic Goran
Published: October 2017

We examined whether CXCL12? improves insulin secretion by influencing the Ca2+ oscillation pattern and Ca2+ influx ([Ca2+]i), thereby enhancing the viability of pancreatic islet cells in oxidative stress. The islets of Langerhans were isolated from male OF1 mice and pretreated with 40 ng/mL of CXCL12? prior to exposure to 7.5 ?M hydrogen peroxide, which served to induce oxidative stress. Incubation of islets with CXCL12? induced pancreatic ?-cell proliferation and improved the ability of ?-cells to withstand oxidative stress. Consecutive treatments of isolated islets with hydrogen peroxide caused a decline in ?-cell functioning over time, while the CXCL12? pretreatment of islets exhibited a physiological response to high glucose that was comparable to control islets. The attenuated response of islets to a high D-glucose challenge was observed as a partial to complete abolishment of [Ca2+]i. Treatments with increasing concentrations of CXCL12? decreased the number of Ca2+ oscillations that lasted longer, thus pointing to an overall increase in [Ca2+]i, which was followed by increased insulin secretion. In addition, treatment of islets with CXCL12? enhanced the transcription rate for insulin and the CXCR4 gene, pointing to the importance of CXCL12/CXCR4 signaling in the regulation of Ca2+ intake and insulin secretion in pancreatic islet cells. We propose that a potential treatment with CXCL12? could help to remove preexisting glucotoxicity and associated temporary ?-cell stunning that might be present at the time of diabetes diagnosis in vivo.
The effects of acute hyperhomocysteinemia induced by DL-homocysteine or DL-homocysteine thiolactone on serum biochemical parameters, plasma antioxidant enzyme and cardiac acetylcholinesterase activities in the rat
Authors: Kornjaca Dusko , Zivkovic Vladimir , Krstic Danijela , Colovic Mirjana , Djuric Marko , Stankovic Sanja , Mutavdzin Slavica , Jakovljevic Vladimir , Djuric Dragan
Published: October 2017

The aim of this study was to assess the effects of DL-homocysteine (DL-Hcy) and DL-homocysteine thiolactone (DL-Hcy TLHC) on selected serum biochemical parameters, markers of oxidative stress and the activities of antioxidant enzymes (catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), superoxide dismutase (SOD)) in the plasma, as well as on acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity in the cardiac tissue homogenate in the rat. Male Wistar rats were divided into three groups as follows: control group (1 mL 0.9% NaCl, intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection), DL-Hcy group (8 mmol/kg body mass (b.m.), i.p.) or DL-Hcy TLHC group (8 mmol/kg b.m., i.p.). One hour after administration, the rats were euthanized, whole blood was collected for biochemical analysis, and the heart was excised. Following the i.p. administration of DL-Hcy and DL-Hcy TLHC, the activities of antioxidant enzymes were mostly significantly increased, while plasma malondialdehyde (MDA) was decreased. Administration of DL-Hcy and DL-Hcy TLHC significantly inhibited AChE activity in rat cardiac tissue. Our findings suggest that DL-Hcy and DL-Hcy TLHC exerted prooxidant effects; however, the decrease in MDA points to an inverse response to the increase in antioxidant enzyme activities. While both substances inhibited AChE activity in rat cardiac tissue, DL-Hcy TLHC induced stronger effects than DL-Hcy.
Degradation, dephenolisation and dearomatisation of olive mill wastewater by subcritical water oxidation method using hydrogen peroxide: Application of multi-response central composite design
Authors: Yabalak Erdal , Görmez Özkan , Sönmez Belgin
Published: October 2017

An environmentally friendly method to decontaminate the olive mill wastewater, which is encountered as a major environmental problem is presented in this study. The removal of both polyphenolic and aromatic content and the degradation of wastewater of olive mill supplied from Mersin/Turkey region were investigated by the subcritical water oxidation method using H2O2. The central composite design of response surface methodology was used to assess the effects of temperature, treatment time, and the concentration of oxidising agent. The reliability of the employed method was proved by ANOVA. The optimum experimental parameters were determined and theoretical equations were proposed in each case. The highest chemical oxygen demand removal, dephenolisation and dearomatisation values were obtained as 85.74, 96.13 and 95.94 %, respectively.
Do Consumer-Directed Tax Credits Effectively Increase Demand? Experimental Evidence of Conditional Success
Authors: Stinson Shane R. , Barnes Beau Grant , Buchheit Steve , Morrow Michaele
Published: October 2017

We investigate whether consumer-directed tax credits motivate purchasing behavior in the same manner as traditional retail concessions (e.g., price discounts). In our experimental study, consumers choose between relatively expensive incentivized products and less expensive standard products. Consistent with negative views toward taxation (Moon 2009) and the default-interventionist model of dual process theories (Evans and Stanovich 2013a; Evans 2011), when the price difference between incentivized and standard products is small, tax credits are a less effective way to encourage demand than traditional retail concessions. However, when the price difference between incentivized and standard products is large, tax credits become a relatively effective purchase inducement. Our results suggest that public policy can be improved by considering the economic setting of tax-incentivized items.

JEL Classifications: H21.
Alveolar bone response to light-force tipping and bodily movement in maxillary incisor advancement: A prospective randomized clinical trial
Authors: Chaimongkol Priyakorn , Thongudomporn Udom , Lindauer Steven J.
Published: October 2017

Objective:

To compare alveolar bone thickness and height changes between untreated incisors (control), incisors advanced with light-force tipping, and incisors advanced with bodily movement mechanics.

Materials and Methods:

Forty-three subjects (aged 9.49 ± 1.56 years) with anterior crossbite were allocated into an untreated group (control), tipping group, or bodily movement group. Lateral cephalograms were taken before advancement (T0) and after obtaining normal overjet (T1). Changes in labial and palatal alveolar bone thickness and height surrounding maxillary incisors were evaluated with limited field-of-view cone-beam computed tomography before advancement (CT0) and 4 months after normal overjet was obtained (CT1). Wilcoxon matched-pairs signed-rank and Kruskal-Wallis one-way ANOVA tests were used to compare changes within and between groups, as appropriate. The significance level was set at .05.

Results:

Labial alveolar bone thickness at the midroot and apical levels were significantly decreased in the bodily movement group (P < .05). However, between groups, there was no statistically significant difference in labial bone thickness changes at any level. Palatal and total alveolar bone thickness at the midroot and apical levels were significantly decreased in the tipping group compared with the control and bodily movement groups (P < .05). Neither labial nor palatal bone height changes were significantly different among groups.

Conclusions:

Maxillary incisor advancement with light-force tipping and bodily movement in growing patients resulted in labial alveolar bone thickness and labial and palatal alveolar bone height changes that were similar to the untreated group.
BIOACCUMULATION OF MERCURY AND SELENIUM IN THE BODY OF THE RUSSIAN (ACIPENSER GUELDENSTAEDTII) AND THE PERSIAN (ACIPENSER PERSICUS) STURGEONS
Authors: Golubkina Nadezhda Aleksandrovna , Hursanow Alisher Saidovich , Ershova Tatiyana Sergeevna , Zaitsev Vyacheslav Fedorovich , Chaplygin Vladimir Aleksandrovich
Published: October 2017

The purpose of the research was to study accumulation of mercury and selenium in muscles and liver of Russian and Persian sturgeons caught in the Caspian Sea. Analysis of the data revealed preferential accumulation of mercury and selenium in liver compared to muscle tissues of both species. The article shows that the degree of mercury accumulation in the liver and muscles of the Persian sturgeon was higher than of the Russian. Correlation analysis of data showed that mercury content in the sturgeon liver and muscles statistically significantly depended on age, length and weight of the fish. In the course of these studies there has been identified a direct correlation between selenium content in muscle tissue and body weight of fish. The results of the analysis indicate that the accumulation of mercury and selenium in Persian and Russian sturgeon species is stipulated by their physiological characteristics and properties of the chemical elements. Mercury concentration in liver and muscles of the tested species is little, which corresponds to the standards adopted in Russia. The level of selenium in the liver increases with the concentration of mercury in it, which confirms the defensive function of selenium against heavy metals.
EFFECT OF SODIUM LACTATE ON QUALITY OF LIGHTLY SALTED FISH IN OXYGEN FREE PACKAGING
Authors: Porotikova Elena Yuryevna , Nekhamkin Boris Lazarevich , Andreev Mikhail Pavlovich
Published: October 2017

The present article investigates the effect of sodium lactate on microbiological, physico-chemical and sensory characteristics of lightly salted Pacific herring ( Clupea pallasii ) and Baltic herring ( Clupea harengus membras ) during refrigerated storage 5 ± 0.3°C. There have been analyzed different processing methods of lightly salted samples of Pacific and Baltic herring: control (without sodium lactate), and experiment (3% sodium lactate), both in vacuum packaging and modified atmosphere packaging (MAP - 40% CO2/60% N2). For vacuum and MAP there were used bags with low oxygen permeability (3 cm3/m2/day). It was found that 3% sodium lactate keeps firmness of the texture of salted fish muscle and reduces the release of water into the package during storage. Adding 3% sodium lactate reduces the value of the water activity in lightly salted Pacific and Baltic herring by 0.01-0,012 units. The lowest pH (0.02 units) was registered in samples without sodium lactate packed in MAP. Organoleptic signs of spoilage in fish without sodium lactate appeared much earlier, and using 3% sodium lactate both in vacuum and in MAP helped protect and improve organoleptic characteristics of the product during storage. Total biological semination of experimental samples packed in MAP kept at the very low level during the whole storage period, i.e. combined effect of using 3% sodium lactate and MAP inhibited microbial growth. This combination allows to reduce twice the rate of accumulation nitrogen in terminal amino-groups and to increase 1.5-2 times storage life of lightly salted Pacific and Baltic herring, compared to their storage life in vacuum packaging without sodium lactate. The results obtained allow us to recommend using sodium lactate in production of lightly salted fish in oxygen-free packaging, especially in modified atmosphere packaging (40% CO2/60% N2).
COST EFFECTIVENESS OF BREEDING UNDERYEARLINGS OF COMMON CARP AND HERBIVOROUS FISHES IN THE FISH-BREEDING FARM OF ALMATY REGION OF KAZAKHSTAN
Authors: Fedorov Evgeniy Victorovich
Published: October 2017

The article highlights the problem of commercial breeding of carp yearlings ( Cyprinus carpio ) in the fish farms in the south part of Kazakhstan with the purpose of the industrial cycle reduction. There is given a brief description of the experience in growing carp yearlings as a commercial fish product (pilot variant) and fish seeds (control variant) in polyculture with herbivorous fishes (grass carp ( Ctenopharyngodon idella ) and silver carp ( Hypophthalmichthys molitrix )) using various technological schemes, in the fish farms in the Almaty region. There are presented initial data on the stocking of experimental and control ponds by young adults; data on the final harvest of experimental ponds, including the average weight of commercial yearlings of carp and seeds of silver carp in the experimental version, and carp seeds and herbivorous fish in the control version; the fish productivity of ponds according to each polycultural specimen and the costs of artificial feed. Calculations are given on economic efficiency of growing yearlings in pilot and control variants, the profitability of growing commercial carp in the pilot version and the cost of fish seeds for carp and herbivorous fish in the control version. The most economically efficient technological schemes for growing yearlings of carp and herbivorous fish species in fish farms with channel ponds in the south of Kazakhstan have been proposed. The article shows that breeding carp yearlings is well-founded It presents the ways of planning of breeding the fish-seeds of carp and herbivorous fishes in fish-hatcheries and pond farms of Kazakhstan in modern economic conditions.
TOWARDS THE QUESTION OF SPECIALIZED FEEDS FOR TENCHES (TINCA TINCA)
Authors: Chervonenko Elena Mikhaylovna , Lagutkina Lina Yurievna
Published: October 2017

The article describes the process of tench growing (male and female species removed from set gear in the Volga river in the Astrakhan region) using experimental feedstuff "T", taking into account the fact that problems with artificial growing tench ( Тinca tinca ) appear first in the process of feeding when wild sires change to artificial food. The research took place on the base of the department of aquaculture and water bioresources of Astrakhan State Technical University in innovation centre "Bioaquapark - scientific and technical centre of aquaculture" in 2015. Special feed including components of animal origin - mosquito grab and sludge worm as an effective substitute to fish flour, as well as components of vegetable origin (carrot, parsley, pumpkin, wheatgrass) for domestication of tenches are offered for the first time. Food technology has been described. The exact composition of the formula, which is being licensed at the moment, is not disclosed. Feed "T", which has undergone biological analysis and is in accordance with organoleptic and physical standards was used for feeding tench female and male species during domestication period (60 days), along with food "Coppens" (Holland). Feed efficiency was determined according to survival and daily fish growth. Growth rate of females appeared more intensive than growth rate of males fed with experimental food "T". Daily growth changed depending on the types of food: from 0.3 ("Coppens") to 0.47 (experimental food) in females, from 0.25 ("Coppens") to 0.39 (experimental food) with males. Ability to survive among tench species fed with "Coppens" and experimental food made 60% and 100%, correspondingly. Nutricion of tench species with experimental food encouraged their domestication, which allowed using tench species in further fish breeding process in order to get offspring. The project was supported by the Innovation Promotion Fund in terms of the project "Development and implementation of the technique for the steady development of aquaculture: food "TechSA".
Kajian Prasarana Pendidikan Sekolah Dasar sebagai Salah Satu Indikator Pencapaian Standar Nasional Pendidikan
Authors: -- Relisa
Published: October 2017

This study aimed to study the level of achievement of primary school infrastructureÂ standards in Banjarmasin City. This method of the research was intended to obtain data ofÂ the achievement of educational infrastructure. Results of the study showed that the levelÂ of achievement of primary school infrastructure reached 60,94%. This level of achievementÂ still seems to be low partly due to the lack of insfrastructure which is still owned by theÂ school. In addition, although the school already has the infrastructure of education, theÂ quality conditions of many infrastructures suffered heavy damage so it unfit for use. TypesÂ of infrastructure its educational echievement is higher than average includes: classroom,Â the boardroom, the teachersâ€™s room, and playground. On the contrary, the educationalÂ infrastructure is below average achievement including: schoolâ€™s health unit, library, andÂ restroom. The conclusion of this study is that the achievement of educational infrastructureÂ in Banjarmasin city has not met the requirements of education national standards.Â ABSTRAKÂ Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji tingkat ketercapaian standar prasarana pendidikan sekolah dasar di Kota Banjarmasin. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode survei. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa tingkat ketercapaian prasarana pendidikan sekolah dasar mencapai 60,94%. Tingkat ketercapaian yang tegolong rendah ini antara lain disebabkan oleh masih minimnya prasarana yang dimiliki sekolah. Di samping itu, kondisi kualitas prasarana banyak mengalami kerusakan berat sehingga tidak layak untuk digunakan. Jenisjenis prasarana pendidikan yang ketercapaiannya di atas rata-rata meliputi ruang kelas, ruang pimpinan, ruang guru, dan tempat bermain. Sebaliknya, prasarana pendidikan yang ketercapaiannya di bawah rata-rata meliputi ruang UKS, ruang perpustakaan, dan jamban(toilet). Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa ketercapaian prasarana pendidikan di kota Banjarmasin belum memenuhi persyaratan standar nasional pendidikan.
Strategi Pelestarian Peralatan dan Infrastruktur Pertambangan Minyak dari Masa Kolonial di Sangasanga Kalimantan Timur
Authors: Wasita
Published: October 2017

The study aimed to obtain a proper strategy in the preservation of colonial archaeological remains in Sangasanga with community involvement. Therefore, the method used was a descriptive analysis by providing a complete picture of archaeological data. The result shows that the most effective preservation is by involving local community. In this case, people are not merely engaged to work but a system is made which conducts utilization concept and has additional value to earn profit. Utilization of occupying the building (for example komplak) and earned income are through economic activities related to culturalheritage tour. Hopefully, involving local people in the conservation will be easily realized through the activities. Nevertheless, the system could not be allowed to work alone. There should be monitoring and evaluation in order to implement conservation habits become an attitude of life. The conclusion of this study is that the preservation action for oil company equipment and infrastructure in Sangasanga should promptly be done by conservation strategy with added values by involving the community.

 

ABSTRAK

Penelitian ini bertujuan mengkaji strategi yang tepat dalam pelestarian peninggalan arkeologi kolonial di Sangasanga dengan melibatkan masyarakat. Untuk mendapatkan cara pelestarian yang tepat, dilakukan analisis deskriptif, yaitu dengan memberikan gambaran secara lengkap mengenai realitas tinggalan arkeologi yang dikaji. Hasil kajian ini menunjukkan bahwa pelestarian yang paling efektif adalah dengan cara melibatkan masyarakat. Dalam hal ini, masyarakat tidak semata-mata hanya dilibatkan untuk bekerja, tetapi dibuat program pelestarian yang berwawasan pemanfaatan dan bahkan ada nilai tambah bagi masyarakat, yaitu menjadi sumber penghasilan. Pemanfaatan dengan menempati bangunan (misalnya komplak) dan perolehan penghasilannya melalui kegiatan ekonomi yang berkaitan dengan wisata warisan budaya. Jika pola ini terbentuk, harapan agar keterlibatan masyarakat dalam pelestarian akan lebih mudah diwujudkan. Namun demikian, sistem itu tidak dapat dibiarkan bekerja sendiri dan harus ada pengawasan dan evaluasi, agar kebiasaan melaksanakan pelestarian menjadi sikap hidup masyarakat. Kesimpulan kajian ini adalah bahwa tindakan aksi pelestarian peralatan dan infrastruktur pertambangan minyak di Sangasanga dilakukan dengan strategi pelestarian yang berwawasan pemanfaatan dengan melibatkan masyarakat.
KESIAPAN BELAJAR MANDIRI GURU SEKOLAH DASAR: STUDI KASUS PADA PROGRAM STUDI PGSD PADA FKIP UNIVERSITAS TERBUKA
Authors: Kusmawan Udan
Published: October 2017

This article aims to analyse elementary school teacher readines to become a self- regulated students and their learning style in open university. The research was conducted in 2015 through descriptive qualitative research method. Respondents were determined through purposive sampling techniques determination, that is, the first semester students at the Study Program of Elementary School Teacher (PGSD). Data were obtained through a questionnaire survey on self-directed learning readiness and learning style which was administered to 279 respondents in Bandung Regional Office (UPBJJ) of Indonesia Open University. As a follow up to the questionnaire survey, Focus Group Discussion (FGD) was conducted to make in-depth analyses on the results of the research gained through the questionnaire survey. FGD focused on the extent of student self-directed learning readiness. The results show that the students in their first semester had a moderate selfdirected learning readiness category. Trough FGD results, it was apparent that the they generally expected direct learning guidances from a tutor in a face to face learning environment throughout their study at the university. The result notified that auditory was the tendency of the student teachersâ€™ learning styles.Â ABSTRAKÂ Penelitian ini bertujuan melakukan analisis tentang kesiapan belajar mandiri dan gaya belajar guru yang menjadi mahasiswa di Universitas Terbuka. Penelitian dilakukan tahun 2015 dengan metode deskriptif kualitatif. Responden penelitian ditetapkan melalui teknik penetapan sampel secara purposif, yaitu guru yang menjadi mahasiswa pada semester pertama pada program studi S-1 Pendidikan Guru Sekolah Dasar, Fakultas Keguruan dan Ilmu Pendidikan - Universitas Terbuka (PGSD, FKIP-UT). Data diperoleh melalui survei (kuesioner) yang diberikan kepada 279 mahasiswa guru yang teregistrasi di Unit Program Belajar Jarak Jauh - Universitas Terbuka (UPBJJ-UT) Bandung. Hasil survei kemudian ditindaklanjuti dengan diskusi kelompok terpimpin (Focus Group Discussion - FGD untuk mendalami hasil penelitian yang diperoleh melalui survei. FGD memfokuskan pendalaman pada fasilitasi layanan kesiapan belajar mahasiswa guru. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tingkat kemandirian mahasiswa guru berada pada kategori â€˜sedangâ€™. Sementara itu, dari aspek gaya belajar, mahasiswa guru memiliki kecenderungan belajar auditori. Hal ini ditegaskan melalui FGD bahwa mereka umumnya masih mengharapkan adanya fasilitasi layanan belajar berupa pembimbingan langsung oleh tutor secara tatap muka selama studi di UT. Temuan tersebut diperkuat adanya kecenderungan gaya belajar mahasiswa guru yang didominasi secara auditori.Â
FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG MEMENGARUHI CAPAIAN LITERASI MATEMATIKA SISWA INDONESIA DALAM PISA 2012
Authors: Pakpahan Rogers
Published: October 2017

In order to obtain information on the quality of education and the system education that are underway in various countries, it is conducted international studies called Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA). This study aims to determine the factors that affect student background of literacy mathematics achievement by PISA 2012. The study population was 15 years old Indonesian student. Samples were 5622 students of 15 year old students spread across 31 provinces. The sampling and data collection is determined by PISA in 2012 with a random sampling conducted by multilevel, clustering, and stratified. PISA data collection instruments consist of test capabilities (learning achievement) and questionnaires. The results showed that the factors that affect literacy mathematics achievement of PISA 2012 are the background from internal factors such as the personal character (discipline) of the student and external factors such as the condition of the family, ownerships of the means of learning, and social and cultural conditions at home. The study concluded that character, socio-economic and cultural conditions, computer ownership, and text book are the main factors that affect Indonesian studentsâ€™ mathematics literacy achievement of PISA 2012.Â ABSTRAKKajian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor latar belakang yang memengaruhi capaian literasi Matematika siswa Indonesia yang menjadi peserta studi PISA 2012. Populasi penelitian adalah siswa Indonesia yang berusia 15 tahun. Sampel penelitian yakni siswa berusia 15 tahun sebanyak 5.622 orang yang tersebar di 31 provinsi. Penentuan sampel dan pengambilan data ditentukan oleh PISA tahun 2012, dengan teknik random sampling yang dilakukan dengan cara multilevel, clustering, dan stratified. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa faktor-faktor yang memengaruhi prestasi siswa Indonesia pada studi PISA 2012 yaitu latar belakang peserta dari faktor internal yaitu jati diri siswa dan faktor eksternal yaitu kondisi keluarga, kepemilikan sarana belajar, dan kondisi sosial budaya di rumah. Penelitian menyimpulkan bahwa jati diri, kondisi sosial ekonomi dan budaya, kepemilikan komputer, dan buku-buku merupakan faktor utama yang memengaruhi capaian literasi matematika siswa Indonesia peserta PISA 2012.
Risco Moral nos Contratos de Seguro de Responsabilidade Civil “D&O” (Directors and Officers Liability Insurance)
Authors: Rodrigues Gabriela Wallau , Soria Juliana Sirotsky
Published: October 2017

O texto trata dos contratos de seguro de responsabilidade civil sob a modalidade “D&O” (directors & officers liability), recentemente regulamentos pela SUSEP, cujo objeto é a proteção do risco pela responsabilização de administradores de empresas (diretores e conselheiros de administração) em razão de atos cometidos no exercício de suas atividades. O enfoque da pesquisa reside nas cláusulas de afastamento de cobertura pelo cometimento de atos relacionados à corrupção – o que, segundo a lógica aplicada por algumas seguradoras, implicaria no risco moral e no aumento dos casos de violação à legislação anticorrupção. Nesse cenário, é proposta uma análise crítica acerca da cláusula de afastamento de cobertura, notadamente a partir da sua interpretação a partir da eficiência e proporcionalidade.
Um olhar crítico à pena de prisão: a minimalização do cárcere como uso alternativo do direito
Authors: Carlos Naiane Leviz da Silva , Zenni Alessandro Severino Valler
Published: October 2017

O principal objetivo do Uso Alternativo do Direito na justiça é a luta para existir uma sociedade mais fraterna, equilibrada e igualitária e assim interpretar a lei de forma a buscar atender a todos, principalmente os menos favorecidos, de modo que se trate o igual como igual, e o desigual na medida de suas desigualdades. Isso porque, a exasperação da aplicação da pena de prisão nos dias de hoje, bem como a sua utilização de forma inconsciente, não busca engajar socialmente os “monstros” penalizados, ao contrário, abunda danos aos encarcerados que sofrem durante o processo penal, e também no momento da aplicação e execução da pena, sendo este o centro nevrálgico do problema enfrentado com a justificação das penas. Por esta razão, se recorre ao Uso Alternativo do Direito com vistas à construção de premissas e respostas que possam consolidar valores os constitucionais, máxime a dignidade da pessoa humana, uma vez que no cotidiano a pena de prisão ainda é discutida como resposta para estagnar a violência na sociedade.
A corrosão do tempo livre pelo tempo de trabalho: uma reflexão sobre a captura da subjetividade
Authors: Silva Gabriela Bins Gomes , Buenos Aires Myrene
Published: October 2017

A partir de uma reflexão sobre os fatores que contribuem para captura da subjetividade e para a corrosão do tempo livre pelo tempo de trabalho, questiona-se como modelo de produção toyotista, impacta diretamente a vida do trabalhador. O presente artigo tem como objetivo principal, analisar a predominância dos valores de mercado que regem as relações laborais e a necessidade de desconexão do trabalho, como forma de se efetivar direitos fundamentais constitucionalmente garantidos. Para alcançar o objetivo proposto foram apresentadas reflexões sobre a relação entre o tempo de trabalho e o tempo de vida, os artifícios utilizados para capturar a subjetividade do trabalhador no sistema capitalista manipulatório e por fim, como a solidariedade de classe e o sentimento de pertencimento estão enfraquecidos nesse contexto. Foi realizada uma pesquisa descritiva e bibliográfica, que demonstra que a vinculação ao trabalho não deve ser permanente, sendo necessário tempo livre para que a atividade laborativa não esgote o trabalhador, mas possa proporcioná-lo dignidade. Tendo em vista não ser possível separar o ser que vive do ser que aliena sua força de trabalho, é preciso administrar o tempo dedicado ao labor, para que haja tempo para vida familiar, privada e para o desenvolvimento da personalidade do ser humano.
The effect of the binary space and social interaction in creating an actual context of understanding the traditional urban space
Authors: Amen Mustafa Aziz , Kuzovic Dusko
Published: October 2017

Urban Space is not just a simple, physical configuration. Instead, it is a transformation of human experiences with the different synchronic architectural characteristic that needs a critical examination to segregate discrete layers of structural elements. As a result, the traditional urban space is a unique existence of reality; it is a product of prolonged interaction between society and architecture. Neglecting any part in the public space perception process is leading to crash the binary equation letting the meaning paralyzed without being able to represent any society or potentially keep the sense. There are many examples of worn-out urban spaces some of them was a result of ignorance and absent of realization of the interaction between Society and architecture.The Iraqi municipality demolished that relationship by importing different layers that are not compatible with the original one or as a result of inserting new means of technology in the heart of the historic cities. The other example from Erbil, a city north of Iraq, where the municipality determinable removed the old fabric to insert a well-defined rectangle space, somehow to create an urban public space, that procedure juxtaposed by form a barrier to isolate the old Souk from the other part of the old city. Both cities suffered from a misunderstanding of the urban binary equation between space and architecture as a tool to understand the context.
Feasibility of a Carbon Consumption Tax for sustainable development – A case study of India
Authors: Kanwal Deepinder Pal Singh
Published: October 2017

Global climate change is a major issue confronting policymakers worldwide, and there is widespread scientific acceptance of the reality of climate change and its adverse consequences In terms of economic analysis, greenhouse gas emissions (GHG), which cause planetary climate changes, represent both an environmental externality and the overuse of a common property resource. The paper is premised around the hypothesis that tax policy can be used to address climate concerns by making less Green House Gas intensive purchases and investments more financially attractive. However, in the absence of an international framework capping GHG emissions, countries adopting mitigation policies incur costs that would not exist under global cooperation such as the loss of competitiveness and emissions leakage. A consumption tax based on the carbon footprint of a product levied on all products at the point of purchase by the final end-user, regardless of where the goods are produced using a Credit-method would be capable of addressing these concerns of emissions leakage and loss of competitiveness, while being WTO compliant. The author intends to test the feasibility and effectiveness of such a carbon consumption tax in the Indian Context. The author shall test the feasibility of levy of such a consumption tax in the context of India and evaluate the effectiveness in mitigating climate change and catering to the goal of sustainable development.
Interrelationship between nutrients and chlorophyll-a in an urban stormwater lake during the ice-covered period
Authors: Chu Kejian , She Yuntong , Kemp Jeff , Loewen Mark , Davies Evan
Published: October 2017

Urban stormwater lakes in cold regions are ice-covered for substantial parts of the winter. It has long been considered that the ice-covered period is the “dormant season,” during which ecological processes are inactive. However, little is known about this period due to the historical focus on the open-water season. Recent pioneering research on ice-covered natural lakes has suggested that some critical ecological processes play out on the ice. The objective of this study was to investigate the active processes in ice-covered stormwater lakes. Data collected during a two-year field measurement program at a stormwater lake located in Edmonton, Alberta, Canada were analyzed. The lake was covered by ice from November to mid-April of the following year. The mean value of chlorophyll-a during the ice-covered period was 22.09% of the mean value for the open-water season, suggesting that primary productivity under the ice can be important. Nitrogen and phosphorus were remarkably higher during the ice-covered period, while dissolved organic carbon showed little seasonal variation. Under ice-covered conditions, the total phosphorus was the major nutrient controlling the ratio of total nitrogen to total phosphorus, and a significant positive correlation existed between total phosphorus and chlorophyll-a when the ratio was smaller than 10. The results provide preliminary evidence of the critical nutrient processes in Stormwater Lake during the ice-covered period.
Quality Evaluation and Study of Ecological Toxicity of Heavy Metals in Shadegan Wetland
Authors: Mortazavi Samar , Tizhoosh Mohsen , Cheraghi Zahra
Published: October 2017

Wetlands hold a principal position in storing food for primary producers, so they are not able to bear the pressure. The slightest disturbance, hence, may harm wetlands and cause detrimental effects. The present study aims at monitoring heavy metals and evaluation of the sediment quality index of Shadegan wetland in Iran. Thus, a sampling of surface sediments of the wetland was performed at ten stations with three replications; after the preparation of samples with aqua regia, the concentrations of heavy metals were measured by atomic absorption spectroscopy. The quantification of sediment pollution using the contamination factor, contamination degree, pollution load index, ecological risk assessment index, and ecological toxicity of heavy metals in the region were all carried out. The results of Cf and Cd showed that the degree of zinc and copper contamination is low; however, the degree of lead contamination is moderate. Moreover, the obtained PLI was less than 1 indicating a lack of sediments contamination with heavy metals. The RI was less than 150 indicating a low risk of contamination. In addition, comparing the concentrations of elements with National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration and Sediment Quality Guidelines showed slightly toxic and non-toxic sediments, respectively. Finally, based on a mixture of effect range median, all sediment samples are placed in the first category with less than 12% toxicity probability.
Copyright © 2017 Journal of Contemporary Urban Affairs.
Práticas de gestão de recursos humanos, comprometimento organizacional e satisfação com o trabalho: estudo de caso em empresa municipal
Authors: Caroço José
Published: October 2017

A introdução das reformas da Nova Gestão Pública (NGP), e especificamente nos Governos Locais, impulsionou a criação do Setor Empresarial Local (SEL), que integra as Empresas Municipais (EM) , no sentido de alcançar eficácia e eficiência no desempenho das organizações públicas. As EM, caracterizadas pela personalidade jurídica própria e autonomia administrativa, financeira e patrimonial, assentam num modelo que lhes permite a adoção de práticas de gestão de recursos humanos (PGRH) semelhantes às usadas pelo setor privado, que melhor contribuam para o desempenho organizacional. Nestes moldes, assume-se que as empresas municipais apresentam grandes vantagens em relação ao modelo burocrático característico da administração pública tradicional, o que revela este estudo pertinente e atual. No entanto, será que estas empresas cumprem os objetivos que estiveram na génese da sua criação; melhor desempenho organizacional? A literatura tem suportado a ideia que as PGRH são preditores determinantes de comprometimento organizacional e satisfação no trabalho e elevados níveis de comprometimento organizacional e satisfação no trabalho são reveladores de elevado desempenho organizacional (e. g. Guthrie, 2001; Morrison, 2008; Paauwe, 2009). Os estudos sobre esta temática neste setor, tanto quanto nos foi possível apurar, são praticamente inexistentes, o que representa uma importante contribuição para a literatura existente. O desenvolvimento do presente estudo foi norteado pelos seguintes objetivos: (1) avaliar a relação entre as perceções das PGRH e satisfação no trabalho, (2) perceber se o comprometimento organizacional é mediador dessa relação, ou seja, se o comprometimento é consequente ou antecedente da satisfação no trabalho. Inquiriam-se 194 trabalhadores através de inquérito por questionário, avaliando-se as perceções das PGRH (formação profissional, avaliação de desempenho, carreiras e remunerações), satisfação no trabalho e comprometimento organizacional. Procedeu-se à análise estatística dos dados com recursos a técnicas de correlação e regressão hierárquica. Os resultados obtidos genericamente revelam uma associação positiva entre a perceção das PGRH e a satisfação no trabalho. As implicações teóricas e práticas são discutidas e realça-se a ideia do impacto das PGRH nos resultados individuais e desempenho organizacional e reforço da necessidade de uma avaliação criteriosa da gestão neste setor numa altura em que se discute a extinção de muitas EM.
As perceções de gestores e aposentados em relação uns aos outros: um estudo exploratório
Authors: Vitória Andreia , Rego Arménio
Published: October 2017

Esta pesquisa explora: (a) as atitudes dos gestores relativamente aos trabalhadores mais velhos; (b) as perceções dos aposentados acerca dos gestores e as suas (dos aposentados) últimas experiências enquanto trabalhadores. As atitudes de 14 gestores foram estudadas através de entrevistas semiestruturadas. Os dados sobre as perceções dos aposentados foram obtidos em 4 focus groups (com 6-8 aposentados). Os resultados sugerem o seguinte: (a) os gestores, especialmente os mais experientes, reconhecem que os trabalhadores mais velhos têm características positivas (e.g., extenso conhecimento e experiência; sabedoria; vastas redes de relacionamentos; lealdade organizacional); (b) no entanto, os mesmos gestores (embora especialmente os mais jovens) alegam também ter perceções negativas acerca dos trabalhadores mais velhos (e.g., os trabalhadores mais velhos rejeitam formação; estão menos motivados para trabalhar). Os aposentados afirmam que: (a) gostariam de ter tido mais oportunidades para continuar a aprender e a melhorar as suas capacidades; (b) se sentiam mais comprometidos com o trabalho no final das suas carreiras. Alguns aposentados também revelam que, se tal lhes tivesse sido proposto, teriam continuado a trabalhar além da idade típica da reforma. O estudo comporta várias limitações, designadamente o facto de terem sido utilizadas amostras de conveniência e de reduzida dimensão. Além disso, (a) os gestores e os aposentados pertenciam a diferentes organizações e (b) variáveis moderadoras, tais como escolaridade, setor de atividade ou nível hierárquico, não foram consideradas. Estudos futuros deverão incluir amostras de dimensão superior, explorar díades gestores-aposentados e incluir variáveis moderadoras. As ideias preconcebidas que os gestores têm acerca dos trabalhadores mais velhos podem ter efeitos perversos na motivação e na identificação destes trabalhadores com a organização. Com o aumento da idade da reforma, os efeitos destas ideias preconcebidas intensificam-se. Medidas para reduzir estas conceções erróneas são necessárias. Estudos empíricos, em especial no contexto português, sobre as perceções/atitudes mútuas de gestores e aposentados são escassos.
O contributo da perceção da cultura organizacional para o bem-estar no trabalho
Authors: Gonçalves Sónia P.
Published: October 2017

O estudo da relação entre as características organizacionais e o bem-estar no trabalho carece ainda de investigação. Com o objetivo analisar a relação entre a cultura organizacional e o bem-estar no trabalho foi realizado um estudo correlacional com uma amostra de diversos setores de atividade. Os resultados revelam que os indivíduos que percecionam um perfil de cultura equilibrado através das quatro orientações de cultura apresentam níveis mais elevados de bem-estar no trabalho, ou seja, mais conforto, entusiasmo, bem-estar afetivo global, satisfação com o trabalho e menores níveis de ansiedade e depressão.
Marca do empregador face aos potenciais empregados
Authors: Valente Maria José
Published: October 2017

A marca é um dos ativos mais valiosos das empresas/organizações, pelo que a gestão da marca constitui uma atividade chave em grande parte dessas empresas/organizações. Comumente há a ideia que os esforços relativamente à marca “branding efforts” estão centrados no desenvolvimento do produto e relacionados com a marca empresarial, no entanto há uma dimensão em expansão, cada vez mais orientada para a área de recursos humanos. A aplicação dos princípios da marca “branding principles” à gestão dos recursos humanos tem sido denominada de Marca do Empregador “employer branding”. As empresas têm vindo a utilizar a Marca do Empregador como meio de atração de potenciais colaboradores e de retenção dos colaboradores efetivos, assegurando para o efeito a combinação perfeita com a cultura e estratégia da empresa. A Marca do Empregador põe o acento tónico na imagem da empresa/organização como o “melhor local para trabalhar”. O propósito desta comunicação é contribuir para a determinação das componentes de atratividade do empregador na perspetiva dos potenciais empregados, a partir de uma amostra de estudantes da Universidade da Beira Interior e do Instituto Politécnico da Guarda. Para o efeito procurou-se evidência empírica, suportada na base de dados, entretanto construída, para os mecanismos, atração da marca e significado da marca, ao nível do empregado.
O trabalho e a doutrina social da igreja: análise de cinco princípios estruturantes
Authors: Encarnação Hermenigildo , Lobo Fátima
Published: October 2017

Introdução: A problemática do trabalho é a chave da questão social. É pelo trabalho que o ser humano se realiza como pessoa. A Igreja desde cedo teve a noção do valor do trabalho como tendo um carater positivo, educativo e meritório (LE 5 e 6). Mas é a partir de 1891, com a encíclica Rerum novarum de Leão XIII, que se encontra um corpus referente à sociedade, sendo esta considerada a Magna Carta da atividade cristã no campo social. A partir de então passou-se de um corpo Doutrinal da Igreja sobre a questão operária e outros aspetos da situação social para a chamada Doutrina Social da Igreja (DSI), agora ampla e coerente. Esta evolução ficou a dever-se a uma reflexão sobre os acontecimentos históricos e novos problemas sociais. Tendo em conta este percurso escolhemos cinco conceitos essenciais da DSI sobre o trabalho. São eles: 1- O primado do trabalho sobre o capital. 2- A noção do bem comum. 3- O salário justo. 4- Os direitos e deveres dos trabalhadores. 5- Empresa como comunidade de pessoas gerando lucros e a exigência da sua distribuição. A opção obedeceu aos seguintes critérios: O primado do trabalho sobre o capital é essencial, pois se o trabalho é um direito e um dever de cada ser humano, este também pressupõe a existência de capital para a sua concretização, rentabilização e maximização daquele. Neste contexto de direitos e deveres e respetivos interesses de ambas as partes, do trabalho e do capital, referimos as noções de common welfare como pré-condição para o well-being final que Stiglitz (2012) desenvolve no livro, The price of Inequality abordando a questão das desigualdades, do desemprego no capitalismo moderno, clamando por uma justiça para todos. Um não subsiste sem o outro, mas o capital é um meio e não um fim em si mesmo. O bem comum, porque é a finalidade suprema do trabalho, pois cria riqueza e mais-valias que devem ser postas à disposição de todo o homem. Este princípio necessariamente pressupõe a retribuição justa pelos serviços prestados pelo trabalhador. É a noção do salário digno e justo para atender às necessidades do agregado familiar. Este está inserido no princípio da justiça como equidade que eleva a um nível superior, a conhecida teoria do contrato social (Rawls, 2008). Finalmente a noção de empresa como uma comunidade de pessoas irmanadas por um objetivo comum. Ainda que os atores desta comunidade, empresa, sofram múltiplas pressões devido aos novos contextos, e exigências de uma economia aberta e globalizada (Sainsaulieu, 1997), a finalidade última mantem-se. Objetivos: Analisar os cinco princípios referidos. Aplicar esses mesmos conceitos à realidade laboral dos trabalhadores e a fortiori nos empresários. Analisar e refletir sobre a importância e as áreas de influência. Metodologia: Revisão bibliográfica sobre os cinco princípios da DSI e explorar as áreas de influência.