bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effects Of Therapeutic Exercise In Postoperative Cardiac Surgery Patients In Intensive Care Unit: A Scoping Review
Authors: Restrepo Pineda Andrea Maxiel , Quevedo Henao Jorge Armando , Moreno Bedoya Alejandro , Rodriguez-Scarpetta María Angelica
Published: February 2025

Background: Therapeutic exercise and early mobilization are strategies that have demonstrated benefits in patients in intensive care units, however postsurgical patients of cardiovascular surgery present differential risks and therefore specialized interventions. Objectives: To identify the effects of therapeutic exercise in intensive care unit patients who underwent cardiac surgery as reported in the scientific literature. Methods: A scoping review was conducted using the following databases: Scopus, ScienceDirect, Physiotherapy Evidence Database, and PubMed®. There were no language restrictions, and articles published between January 1, 2018, and October 30, 2023, were included. The characteristics of the population were collected according to exercise prescription principles, frequency, intensity, time, type of activity/mode, and the benefits reported for early exercise. Results: From a 814 papers, 12 that met the inclusion criteria were selected for final analysis. Most patients were male, aged between 54 and 68 years; the rehabilitation protocol started between 2 and 8 hours after extubation, with different degrees of exercise intensity. Finally, improved exercise tolerance and functional capacity, decreased onset of delirium, improved oxygen consumption and decreased intensive care unit stay were reported. Discussion: Most studies use validated scales to determine aerobic capacity and other physical qualities in the population. However, the prescription of exercise intensity reflects variations. This difficulty could be attributed to the differential response associated with the particular conditions of each subject, which highlights the importance of trained professionals to address these interventions safely. Conclusion: Therapeutic exercise prescribed in intensive care unit patients after cardiac surgery positively affects their outcomes. However, our findings report a lack of precision in exercise intensity and heterogeneous intervention protocols.
Socioeconomic Dimensions Ruling Traffic Noise Compliance Rate in Urban Forests: A Lesson from National-Wide and Yearly Records Through the Pandemic
Authors: Sun Guangpeng , Xu Chengyang
Published: February 2025

Creating sustainable cities requires effective traffic noise reduction strategies that use urban green spaces as nature-based solutions. Regional studies highlight the role of GSA in coping with noise annoyance, leaving knowledge gaps using day/night records of compliance rates to detect spatiotemporal mitigations across cities with varied socioeconomic states on the national scale. It was initially agreed that the COVID pandemic led to noise reduction, but this was learnt as a lesson using data from 31 Chinese cities (2018–2021). The relationships between GSA, socioeconomic factors, and daytime/nighttime compliance were examined using multivariate linear regression and maximum likelihood estimation. Novel GAI integrated with GSA and socioeconomic data. The results showed a counterintuitive negative correlation between total GSA and compliance but a positive correlation between GPC and daytime compliance. The pandemic initially boosted compliance, but this effect was not sustained. The compliance rate increased in national cities from 2018 to 2021, predominantly during the day. The positive pandemic-induced compliance increased the importance of considering human behavioral changes in urban greening in a socioeconomic background. We recommend incorporating socioeconomic factors, such as GPC, in the preparation for policymaking to reduce traffic noise when suffering unforeseen events. It is time to move beyond the sole focus on the role of green space areas in a sustainable city with quiet traffic.
Reference Intervals of Serum Copper, Selenium, Rubidium, Zinc, and Magnesium with Evaluation of the Influence of Age, Sex, and Physical Activity
Authors: Davcheva Delyana Miteva , Kirova Gergana Kirilova , Terzieva Dora Dimitrova , Simitchiev Kiril Kostov
Published: February 2025

Background: Environmental and physiological factors influence human ionom, which requires the development of reliable region-specific reference intervals (RIs). This study aimed to establish population-based RIs of copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), selenium (Se), rubidium (Rb), and magnesium (Mg), in relation to age, sex, and physical activity. Methods: The RIs were established according to the CLSI EP28-A3c guidelines. A reference group of 120 directly selected healthy volunteers of Bulgarian nationality (60 males and 60 females, aged 18 to 65 years) were included in the study. The participants were separated into two groups: low (2 h/week, n=60) physical activity. Serum levels of Cu, Zn, Se, Rb, and Mg (sCu, sZn, sSe, sRb, sMg), were determined via collision cell inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Results: The RIs in this study are generally comparable to those in other countries. However, 43% of the participants had sSe lower than the threshold of 80 µg/L, correlating with the optimal expression of key selenoproteins. A significant sex-related difference was found for Cu (male vs female, p = 0.003), as well as an age-related significant difference for Cu between the groups of women below and above 30 years of age (p = 0.001). Conclusions: In this study, we verified the RIs of sCu, sZn, sSe, and sMg for the Bulgarian population with ICP-MS. A RI of sRb, missing up to the present was established, thus filling the gap. Specific sex-, age-, and physical activity-related associations of the elements were elucidated.
Critical Analysis of Industry 4.0, Industry 5.0, and Maturity Models: Definitions and Applications
Authors: Alarcon Claudio , Alarcon Sofia
Published: February 2025

In this study, we tested existing conceptual frameworks for describing modernization such as Industry 4.0, Industry 5.0, maturity and readiness models. To this end, various conceptual scenarios were proposed, including office, industrial, laboratory, and artisanal processes. For each scenario, specific questions were posed to determine whether they could be answered using the current conceptual foundations. Unexpectedly, our findings revealed that the existing concepts of Industry 4.0 and Industry 5.0, along with maturity and digital readiness models, failed to address fundamental questions when describing modernization efforts. The results and subsequent analysis suggest that significant efforts are needed to enhance the underlying conceptual framework rigorously. The implications of this work highlight that if the current conceptual base fails to directly address fundamental questions, then its credibility and applicability come into question, making it imperative to critically reassess and refine the foundational frameworks of research in the field of Industry 4.0/5.0, maturity and digital readiness models.
Assessment of UAV Imageries for Estimating Growth Vitality, Yield and Quality of Hop (Humulus lupulus L.) Crops
Authors: Řeřicha Jana , Kohútek Matěj , Vandírková Věra , Krofta Karel , Kumhála František , Kumhálová Jitka
Published: February 2025

Hops are an essential raw material for beer production and the Czech Republic is not only a traditional hop grower but also participates in the breeding of varieties that are important on a global scale, mainly in terms of quality. The presented study deals with the evaluation of selected varieties grown in conventional and organic management over 4 years (2020 - 2023). Hop fields were scanned using a UAV with a multispectral camera and the vegetation indices NDVI, GNDVI, NDRE, CIR and SAVI were derived. These indices were used as indirect indicators for determining vitality, health and structure for predicting yield and quality parameters (alpha acid content in hop cones). Based on statistical analysis it was concluded that in terms of yield assessment, spectral indices can explain hops yield up to 61%, with better results being achieved in later stages of growth development. However, spectral indices are only able to explain a maximum of 18% of qualitative parameters. On the contrary, the maximum was reached in the early stages of stand development. UAV scanning monitors the canopies of hop stands with high resolution, similar to vineyards. Indices evaluating chlorophyll content appeared to be more suitable for affecting differences between hop stands.
Exploring Microbial Contamination in Water Sources in Limpopo Province and Gauteng Province
Authors: Seshoka Mokgadi Flesher , Traore Afsatou Ndama , van Dyk Cobus , Barnhoorn Irene Ellen Jane
Published: February 2025

Pollution of aquatic ecosystems is rising due to anthropogenic activities, with developing countries facing severe water contamination due to inadequate wastewater treatment, and limited access to clean water. This study investigates water microbial contamination in the Nandoni Dam, Thate Vondo Dam, Albasini Dam, the Xikundu Weir (Limpopo province), and the Orlando Dam (Gauteng province) in South Africa. Water quality was determined using possible human activities, physical parameters, and pathogenic indicators (Total coliforms (TC) and Escherichia coli (E. coli). TC and E. coli were detected using the Quanti-Tray®, and E. coli was characterized using multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction (mPCR). The Vitek-2 automated system was used for isolate identification. The Electrical conductivity (EC) at all sites met South African water quality guidelines of DWAF and WHO, while other physical parameters (TDS, pH, and temperature) varied across the sites. TC levels exceeded the recommended limits and 85% of samples tested positive for E. coli. Five pathogenic E. coli were identified: Enterohaemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC), Enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC), Enteroaggregative E. coli (EAEC), Enteroinvasive E. coli (EIEC), and Enterotoxigenic E. coli. Nandoni Dam and Orlando Dam showed a high diversity of bacterial species. Overall, the microbial quality of the assessed water was substandard.
Improving Product Color Consistency with AI-Based Variation Management Systems
Authors: Barnabas Barnty , Marvelous Olatunji
Published: February 2025

Product color consistency is a critical factor in industries such as fashion, automotive, and consumer electronics, where discrepancies can lead to customer dissatisfaction, increased returns, and diminished brand integrity. Traditional methods of managing color variations, including manual inspection and basic software tools, often fail to meet the precision and scalability required in high-volume production environments. This article explores the application of artificial intelligence (AI) in optimizing color consistency through advanced color variation management systems. AI technologies, such as machine learning, computer vision, and color recognition algorithms, offer real-time detection, correction, and monitoring of color discrepancies during the manufacturing process. By analyzing the impact of AI-based systems on error rates, production efficiency, and consumer satisfaction, this study highlights the significant improvements in both product quality and operational workflows. The findings demonstrate that AI-driven color management systems reduce color variation errors, enhance production speed, and improve customer perceptions of product quality. The article discusses the implications for businesses seeking to implement AI solutions for color consistency and provides recommendations for further research and industry adoption. This study contributes to the growing body of knowledge on AI’s role in revolutionizing product manufacturing and quality control, particularly in industries where precise color matching is essential.
PFMeta-IDS: Personalized Federated Meta-Learning Automotive Intrusion Detection System with Collaboratively Adaptive and Learnable
Authors: Wang Hong-Quan , Li Jin , Tao Yao-Dong
Published: February 2025

The increasing connectivity of vehicular networks has introduced significant security challenges, particularly in safeguarding the Controller Area Network (CAN) from cyberattacks. While the CAN protocol enables efficient and low-latency data communication, its lack of built-in security mechanisms leaves it vulnerable to various attacks. Existing intrusion detection systems (IDSs) often rely on large, static datasets and centralized training, limiting their adaptability to dynamic attack scenarios and raising concerns about data privacy. To address these limitations, this work introduces PFMeta-IDS, a personalized federated meta-learning intrusion detection system. In PFMeta-IDS, the FedSWR algorithm employs similarity-weighted aggregation to balance personalization and generalization. The LDwCBN network enhances computational efficiency through the model lightweight method, ensuring suitability for resource-constrained environments. Evaluated on the Car-Hacking dataset, PFMeta-IDS achieves F1-scores of 0.98 for DoS attacks, 0.94 for Fuzzy attacks, 0,98 for Gear Spoofing attacks, and 1.00 for RPM Spoofing attacks. These results outperform or match state-of-the-art methods. Notably, these results were achieved in local clients with low training data volumes, showcasing the system’s ability to adapt quickly while preserving data privacy. The robustness and efficiency of PFMeta-IDS make it a scalable solution for vehicular network security.
Pathogens from Salmon Aquaculture in Relation to Conservation of Wild Pacific Salmon in Canada: An Alternative Perspective
Authors: Marty Gary , Ferguson Jayde , Meyers Theodore , Waltzek Thomas , Soto Esteban , Kent Michael
Published: February 2025

Several articles over the past two decades have provided data, analyses, and interpretations that suggest significant impacts of farm salmon pathogens on wild Pacific salmon populations in British Columbia (BC), the westernmost province of Canada. Because disease is a normal part of all animal populations, there is always a potential for pathogen transfer between animal populations that interact. However, the evidence is weak for significant impacts of farm salmon pathogens on wild fish populations. We provide additional data and alternative interpretations of the available evidence to show that (i) many studies overestimate the risk of farm salmon pathogens and their diseases to wild salmon, (ii) these risks have not manifested as having significant impacts on wild salmon populations and, therefore, (iii) the evidence better supports the conclusion that farm salmon pathogens are having no more than minimal impact on wild salmon populations. Based on this information, we hypothesize that removing open net pen salmon farms will have no detectable effect on wild salmon population productivity in relation to reference salmon populations.
Food Contaminants: A Scoping Review of Sources, Toxicity, Pathophysiological Insights, and Mitigation Strategies
Authors: Tola Gudisa Bereda
Published: February 2025

Background: Food contamination is a major global issue that impacts public health, agriculture, and food security. The toxicological effects of contaminants can pose significant health risks, emphasizing the need for effective strategies to mitigate these dangers. Objectives: This narrative review explores the sources, toxicities, pathophysiological aspects and mitigation approaches related to food contaminants. Methods: A comprehensive review was conducted by analyzing relevant literature from PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar, with a focus on studies published in the last decade. Articles were chosen on the basis of their relevance, and a narrative approach was employed to summarize findings related to sources, toxicity, pathophysiology, and mitigation strategies for food contaminants. Results: This review highlights that food contaminants originate from diverse sources, including biological agents (bacteria, viruses), chemical substances (pesticides, heavy metals, mycotoxins), and physical materials (glass, plastics). Their toxicity varies, leading to acute and chronic health effects such as neurotoxicity, hepatotoxicity, endocrine disruption, and carcinogenicity. The underlying pathophysiological mechanisms include oxidative stress, deoxyribonucleic acid damage, inflammation, and metabolic dysfunction, which contribute to disorders such as cancer, metabolic syndrome, and neurological impairments. Effective mitigation strategies encompass good agricultural practices, advanced food processing and preservation techniques, regulatory enforcement, public education, and the incorporation of natural detoxifying agents, aiming to reduce contamination and ensure food safety. Conclusions: Food contaminants present significant health risks, so effective mitigation methods can reduce their impact. The development of new technologies and the enforcement of stricter food safety regulations are crucial in addressing emerging contaminants and safeguarding public health.
Enhancement of Growth and Quality of Winter Watermelon Using LED Supplementary Lighting
Authors: Hossain Md Muhtar , Shibasaki Yuki , Goto Fumiyuki
Published: February 2025

The effect of LED supplementary lighting at various intensities on winter-grown watermelon plants was evaluated to identify the optimal level for enhancing growth, yield, and quality. The plants were exposed to three lighting conditions: natural daylight (control) and LED supplementary lighting at 900 and 1500 µmol/m²/s, from 17:00 to 21:00. Supplemented LED lighting enhanced chlorophyll content, Ca2+ and Mg2+ in the leaves of fruit set region, leading to an increase in photosynthesis rate throughout the growing period and supporting consistent plant growth. The result showed that LED 900 µmol/m²/s significantly boosted the number of female flowers, fruit weight, size, and flesh thickness. Ultimately, the yield per plant increased by 31% under the LED at 900 µmol/m²/s and by 14% under the LED at 1500 µmol/m²/s compared to the control. Furthermore, high sugar and low acid contents were detected in the LED-treated fruits. These results indicate that fruits bore under LED lighting ripened faster than those in the control. In conclusion, supplemental LED lighting markedly contributes to watermelon production during winter, with a 900-µmol/m²/s LED light intensity outperforming 1500 µmol/m²/s in promoting plant growth and boosting the yield and quality.
Centralized AI Work Pattern Monitoring: The Key to Addressing IT Burnouts
Authors: Barnabas Barnty , Marvelous Olatunji
Published: February 2025

Burnout among IT professionals is a growing concern, impacting both employee well-being and organizational productivity. Traditional burnout prevention strategies have often been reactive, addressing symptoms rather than preventing them. This article explores the potential of centralized AI-driven work pattern monitoring as a proactive solution to IT burnout. By tracking key work metrics such as hours worked, task completion rates, and engagement levels, AI systems can identify early signs of burnout and provide real-time interventions. The study finds that AI monitoring systems significantly reduce burnout symptoms by optimizing workloads, improving work-life balance, and offering personalized feedback. It also demonstrates the effectiveness of real-time data collection in creating a supportive work environment. This article discusses the transformative potential of AI in improving workplace wellness, offering practical recommendations for organizations to integrate AI-driven monitoring tools into their burnout prevention strategies. Centralized AI work pattern monitoring represents a critical step toward a healthier, more sustainable work culture in the IT industry.
Appropriate Anticoagulation Management for Older Adults Living with Dementia
Authors: Resnick Barbara , Ives Amy , Boltz Marie , Galik Elizabeth , Kuzmik Ashley , McPherson Rachel
Published: February 2025

Anticoagulation and/or antiplatelet medication is recommended for individuals who have a history of atrial fibrillation, venous thromboembolism, acute coronary event or are post percutaneous coronary intervention. The purpose of this study was to describe the use of anticoagulants and antiplatelets among older adults living with dementia at hospital admission and 1 month follow up, treatments prescribed and associated complications. The sample included 404 hospitalized older adults living with dementia, the majority of whom were White females, mean age of 82 (SD=8). On admission 69% of the patients were on at least one anticoagulant or antiplatelet medication and at 1 month post discharge this decreased to 64%. At 1 month post discharge the percentage of individuals on two or more anticoagulants decreased from admission 34% to 14%. On admission 11 (4%) patients were admitted with adverse events from anticoagulation and at 1 month post discharge 5(2%) patients readmitted due to adverse events from anticoagulation. Given the risks and benefits of anticoagulation use among older adults living with dementia, a shared decision-making approach with patients and caregivers is recommended. This approach is the best way to help patients achieve their individual goals of care.
Differential Transcriptional Programs Reveal Modular Network Rearrangements Associated to Late-Onset Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Pérez-González Alejandra P. , Anda-Jáuregui Guillermo de , Hernandez-Lemus Enrique
Published: February 2025

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a complex, genetically heterogeneous disorder. The diverse phenotypes associated with AD result from intricate interactions between genetic and environmental factors, influencing multiple biological pathways throughout disease progression. Network-based approaches offer a comprehensive way to assess phenotype-specific states. In this study, we calculated key network metrics to characterize the network transcriptional structure and organization in LOAD, focusing on genes and pathways implicated in AD pathology within the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC). Our findings revealed disease-specific coexpression markers associated with diverse metabolic functions. Additionally, significant differences were observed at both the mesoscopic and local levels between AD and control networks, along with a restructuring of gene coexpression and biological functions into distinct transcriptional modules. These results show the molecular reorganization of the transcriptional program occurring in LOAD, highlighting specific adaptations that may contribute to or result from cellular responses to pathological stressors. Our findings may support the development of a unified model for the causal mechanisms of AD, suggesting that its diverse manifestations arise from multiple pathways working together to produce the disease’s complex clinical patho-phenotype.
Alterations in the Autism Signaling Pathway: Molecular Mechanisms, Environmental Factors, and Therapeutic Approaches
Authors: Altable Marcos
Published: February 2025

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a group of neurodevelopmental disorders that is characterized by deficits in social communication, repetitive behaviors, and restricted interest patterns. At the molecular level, ASD is associated with alterations in multiple signaling pathways that affect synaptic plasticity, mitochondrial function, neuroinflammation, and neurotransmitter modulation. Mutations in key genes such as MECP2, PTCH1, TSC1/TSC2, FMR1 and WNT have been identified, which play a fundamental role in the regulation of neurodevelopment. In addition, hyperactivation of the mTORC1 pathway, imbalances in brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) signaling, and dysfunctions in the microbiota-gut-brain axis have been implicated in the pathophysiology of ASD. Environmental factors, including prenatal exposure to heavy metals, maternal inflammation, and the use of antidepressants during pregnancy, can modulate gene expression and contribute to the development of the disorder. This article reviews in depth the molecular mechanisms underlying ASD, the interaction between genetic and environmental factors, and the possible therapeutic strategies aimed at modulating these biological alterations.
Comparison Between Two Methodologies of Sample Preservation for RNA Extraction in Naturally Delivered Ovine Placenta
Authors: Aránguiz Florencia , Bahamonde Javiera , Sales Francisco , Araya Matías , Ulloa-Leal César , Ratto Marcelo , Sandoval Camila
Published: February 2025

Placental samples for RNA extraction are collected via invasive methods (post-mortem or surgically) in small ruminants. An alternative could be using delivered placentas, but the feasibility of obtaining high-quality RNA from this tissue has not been determined. We aimed to evaluate the possibility of extracting RNA from naturally delivered ovine placenta, comparing two preservation methods. Twenty-seven single-pregnant sheep were monitored 24/7 from gestational day 140 to parturition. Tissue was collected immediately after placental delivery, preserved using Snap Frozen (SF, n=27) and RNAlater® (LTR, n=27) techniques, and processed for RNA extraction using a commercial kit. RNA concentration (ng/uL), A260/280, and RNA Quality Number (RQN) were measured. Concentration was higher (p < 0.001) in LTR (70.39 ± 6.3) than in SF (49.77 ± 10.5), A260/280 was higher (p = 0.045) in SF (2.06 ± 0.01) than in LTR (2.03 ± 0.01), and RQN was higher (p < 0.0001) in SF (6.81 ± 0.24) than LTR (2.84 ± 0.24) samples. The timing of placental delivery did not affect the evaluated indicators. Our results indicate that extracting high-quality RNA from delivered placenta preserved via snap frozen technique is possible, supporting a method that aligns with the refinement principle of animals used in research.
Effect of Pre-Strain on Fatigue Crack Growth in AA2024-T351
Authors: Neto Diogo M , Sérgio Edmundo , Agra André , Antunes Fernando V
Published: February 2025

The objective here is to study the effect of pre-strain on fatigue crack growth (FCG) in 2024-T351 aluminium alloy. Three pre-strain conditions were considered: without pre-strain, compressive and tensile permanent pre-strains of 4% . A numerical approach based on cumulative plastic strain at the crack tip was followed to predict FCG rate. The compressive pre-strain increased FCG rate, while the tensile pre-strain reduced the da/dN relatively to the conditions without pre-strain. A strong link was established between the influence of pre-strain and plasticity induced crack closure. This relevant conclusion was based on the linear trend obtained between da/dN and Keff for three crack lengths (a=16.184; a=15.048 mm and a=15.152 mm) and three the pre-strain conditions. The increase of stress ratio from R=0.1 to R=0.5 and the elimination of the contact of crack flanks reduced significantly the effect of pre-strain, also pointing for the huge relevance of crack closure in this context. The effect of pre-strain on da/dN after an overload was also explained by crack closure variations.
Optimizing AI Language Models: A Study of ChatGPT-4 vs. ChatGPT-4o
Authors: Siddiky Md Nurul Absar , Rahman Muhammad Enayetur , Hossen MD Fayaz Bin , Rahman Muhammad Rezaur , Jaman Md. Shahadat
Published: February 2025

This paper presents a comparative analysis of OpenAI's GPT-4 and its optimized variant, GPT-4o, focusing on their architectural differences, performance, and real-world applications. GPT-4, built upon the Transformer architecture, has set new standards in natural language processing (NLP) with its capacity to generate coherent and contextually relevant text across a wide range of tasks. However, its computational demands, requiring substantial hardware resources, make it less accessible for smaller organizations and real-time applications. In contrast, GPT-4o addresses these challenges by incorporating optimizations such as model compression, parameter pruning, and memory-efficient computation, allowing it to deliver similar performance with significantly lower computational requirements. This paper examines the trade-offs between raw performance and computational efficiency, evaluating both models on standard NLP benchmarks and across diverse sectors such as healthcare, education, and customer service. Our analysis aims to provide insights into the practical deployment of these models, particularly in resource-constrained environments.
Dose Escalation in Neoadjuvant Chemoradiotherapy for Rectal Cancer: Efficacy and Toxicity of VMAT-SIB vs. 3D-CRT
Authors: Stojanovic-Rundic Suzana , Marinkovic Mladen , Stanojevic Aleksandra , Gavrilovic Dusica , Jankovic Radmila , Maksimovic Natasa , Tomasevic Aleksandar , Petrasinovic Predrag , Radenkovic Sandra , Cavic Milena
Published: February 2025

Background and Objectives: The standard treatment for locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC) includes neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (nCRT), followed by surgery with or without adjuvant chemotherapy (CT). This study evaluated the efficacy and safety of dose-escalated radiotherapy (RT) using the volumetric modulated arc therapy-simultaneous integrated boost (VMAT-SIB) technique in patients with LARC compared to 3D conformal radiotherapy (3D-CRT). Materials and Methods: This study prospectively enrolled 75 patients with LARC. All patients received nCRT using the VMAT-SIB, delivering a tumor dose (TD) of 54 Gy in 25 fractions, with concomitant CT following the 5-fluorouracil and leucovorin (5-FU-LV) protocol. To compare the treatment outcomes and toxicity associated with the increased RT dose, a retrospective cohort of 62 patients treated with 3D-CRT techique was analyzed. The 3D-CRT group received a TD of 50.4 Gy in 28 fractions with the same CT. Outcomes, including pathological complete response (pCR), tumor regression grade (TRG), and sphincter preservation rates, were compared. Results: Among operated patients, the group treated with the VMAT-SIB demonstrated improved rates of pCR (20.6% vs. 8.9%), with a statistically significant trend (p = 0.06). Sphincter-preserving surgeries were performed in 49 out of 63 operated patients (77.8%) in VMAT-SIB group, compared to 35 out of 56 (62.5%) in 3D-CRT group. Analysis of definitive postoperative stage revealed a significantly higher prevalence of lower T categories (T0-2) (p < 0.01), negative N status (p < 0.05), and lower stages (I+II) (p < 0.05) in patients treated with intensified RT approach. However, no significant differences in acute toxicity were observed. Conclusions: The implementation of intensified treatment with a higher dose using the VMAT-SIB technique demonstrated significant benefits in downsizing and downstaging compared to the standard treatment approach. These findings support its integration into clinical practice. However, further prospective, multi-center studies are needed to validate these results and assess long-term outcomes.
Remote Monitoring, Simulation and Diagnosis of Electronically Controlled Marine Engines
Authors: Bukovac Ozren , Pelić Vladimir , Mrakovčić Tomislav , Jelić Maro , Radica Gojmir , Vidović Tino , Račić Nikola , Lalić Branko , Bratić Karlo
Published: February 2025

The implementation of a system for acquisition, transferring and processing data essential for ma-rine engine diagnostics is the basis of condition maintenance. Determining the most influential operating parameters, their monitoring, analysis and action based on expert knowledge prevents downtime due to possible malfunctions. Timely corrections and replacement of worn parts based on condition diagnostics enable maintenance planning, which reduces the frequency of maintenance and the accumulation of unnecessary spare parts in warehouses. For research purposes, a system for remote data collection from electronically controlled marine engines was developed and applied. The system was installed on a four-stroke high-speed propulsion engine from a ferry and the operating parameters of the engine were monitored during regular sailing, in order to detect irregularities and possible failures at an early stage. The measurement system monitors the parameters obtained through the electronic engine control module via the J1939 protocol, and in this paper, the following relevant engine parameters are analyzed: engine speed, boost pressure, fuel consumption and engine load at the current speed. The analysis included the creation of trend diagrams to pre-sent the distribution of minimum, median and maximum values of each parameter of all measurements performed. This study also examines the simulation of faults of the high-speed four-stroke marine engine model. By utilizing sensor data from critical system components, the research investigates different scenarios. The analysis aims to elucidate the impact of these faults on engine performance. Based on the analyses of the relevant operating parameters of the engine, diagnostics were carried out.
Evaluating Energy Performance of Windows in High-Rise Residential Buildings: A Thermal and Statistical Analysis
Authors: Akbari Sevda , Gao Jerry , Flores J. Paulo , Smith Gary
Published: February 2025

Windows, accounting for 45% of overall heat loss, significantly influence a building’s energy performance. Evaluating window energy performance in existing buildings is therefore essential. This study aimed to assess the energy performance of windows to determine whether replacement is necessary. The assessment considered factors such as window location, height, orientation, and weather conditions in a high-rise residential building. A thermal camera was utilized for measurements, and statistical analyses were conducted on the collected data. Results indicated significant performance variations across building sides and floors, with differences at the 0.05 significance level attributed to temperature, wind speed, and direction. Findings suggest that implementing more efficient windows on upper floors—particularly from the fourth floor upward—is advantageous. Additionally, accounting for dominant wind speed and direction is crucial for optimizing window design and configuration.
The Inclusion of E-Sports into the Olympic Games: Challenges and Opportunities
Authors: Alessi Longa Francesco
Published: February 2025

The meteoric rise of e-sports has catapulted it into the Olympic spotlight, igniting a firestorm of debate within the athletic community. This research delves into the intricate tapestry of possibilities and pitfalls surrounding the potential marriage of digital competition and the five-ring circus. By weaving together threads from academic literature, market trends, and official proclamations, we aim to paint a comprehensive picture of this bold proposition.Our findings reveal a double-edged sword: while e-sports could breathe new life into the Olympic movement, appealing to the tech-savvy youth, it also threatens to upset the delicate balance of tradition and innovation. The virtual realm of e-sports clashes with the sweat-and-muscle ethos of the Games, raising eyebrows about governance, standardization, and public health implications.Yet, amidst these challenges lie tantalizing prospects of economic windfall and unprecedented youth engagement. We posit that if e-sports are to find a home in the Olympic family, it will be through a careful choreography of old and new, a gradual waltz rather than a hasty tango. This paradigm shift calls for a symphony of interdisciplinary research to orchestrate a harmonious integration, should it come to pass.The study concludes that the integration of e-sports into the Olympics will be gradual and progressive in order to fuse the new with the old and that more interdisciplinary studies are needed to steer this transformation process.
Effect of Molecular Perturbation on Polymorphism: The Case of 8-Halotheophyllines (8-Cl-Tph and 8-Br-Tph)
Authors: Ye Weijian , Zhang Chao , Sung Herman Ho-Yung , Wong Lawrence Wan-Yin , Sheong Fu Kit , Williams Ian Duncan
Published: February 2025

The common alkaloid theophylline (Tph) is known to exist in five polymorphic forms. The structures of its 8-halo analogues were previously unreported. Here we report three polymorphs for 8-chlorotheophylline (8-Cl-Tph) and an additional distinct one for 8-bromotheophylline (8-Tph). Whilst polymorphs for theophylline are dominated by NH---N inter-molecular hydrogen bonds, the halo compounds exclusively exhibit NH---O interactions. 8-Cl-Tph has two related structures with chains N(7)-H(7)---O(2), one is also the stable form for 8-Br-Tph. Polymorphs with a dimeric R22(10) ring structure using N(7)-H---O(6) H-bonds exist for all three compounds, though each with distinct 3D packing. DFT calculations indicate the alkaloid ring nitrogen N(9) is a weaker base in 8-halo compounds, disfavoring NH---N interactions in their polymorphic forms.
Psychosocial Outcomes from Self-Directed Learning in Public Education Settings
Authors: Nash Carol
Published: February 2025

Self-directed learning in different public education settings can produce positive psychosocial outcomes if learners accept their own and others’ right to self-direct their learning regarding what they value in a community that demonstrates team mindfulness. Successful self-directed learning is possible at diverse academic levels and in various public education settings. The evidence is that the author co-founded three such educational initiatives. The author assesses the total works published since 2020 regarding these initiatives using narrative analysis. One result of this investigation is that for these initiatives to succeed online, a participant-trusted facilitator who takes on the role of an authentic leader is necessary. Lacking such a facilitator, participants may achieve positive psychological outcomes, but they will not realize the positive sociological outcomes from a well-functioning group decision-making method based on consensus decision-making available to self-directed learners. Achieving positive sociological outcomes has been found challenging in public educational settings. However, these outcomes are possible when a group has a common self-directed learning goal. Offered are suggestions to achieve positive psychosocial outcomes with self-directed learning in public education.
Nurses as Leaders in Healthcare, the Impact of Advanced Education and Training on Leadership and Managerial Skills
Authors: Tushe Mirela
Published: February 2025

This study explores the impact of advanced education and training on the leadership and managerial skills of nurses in Albania. The use of advanced training and the development of leadership skills are crucial for improving healthcare services and managing healthcare teams. In this study, 350 nurses working primarily at the University Hospital Center "Mother Teresa" (QSUT) and in primary healthcare centers in Tirana, Albania, were interviewed during the period from July to December 2024. Statistical analysis indicates that advanced training has a significant impact on improving the leadership and managerial skills of nurses, with notable improvements observed in those who had undergone advanced training.
Real-Time Automatic Identification of Plastic Waste Stream for Advanced Waste Sorting Systems
Authors: Giel Robert , Fiedeń Mateusz , Dąbrowska Alicja
Published: February 2025

Despite the significant recycling potential, a massive generation of plastic waste is observed year after year. One of the causes of this phenomenon is the issue of ineffective waste stream sorting, primarily arising from the uncertainty in the composition of the waste stream. The recycling process cannot be carried out without proper separation of different types of plastics from the waste stream. Current solutions in the field of automated waste stream identification rely on small-scale datasets that insufficiently reflect real-world conditions. For this reason, the article proposes a real-time identification model based on CNN and a newly constructed, self-built dataset. The model was evaluated in two stages. The first stage was based on the separated validation dataset, and the second on the developed test bench, a replica of the real system. The model was evaluated under laboratory conditions, with a strong emphasis on maximally reflecting real-world conditions. Once included in the sensor fusion, the proposed approach will provide full information on the characteristics of the waste stream, which will ultimately enable efficient separation of plastic from the mixed stream.
Does Government Trust Matter?: The Effectiveness of Policy Response in the Health-Disaster Era
Authors: Wang Jaesun , Kim Hyunjung
Published: February 2025

Background/Objectives: The COVID-19 pandemic has sparked the need for appropriate government response in health-disaster situations worldwide. This study analyzes the impact of the government's non-pharmaceutical measures on the number of deaths from COVID-19. In particular, it further analyzes how trust in the government moderates government measures. Through this analysis, this study aims to explore the government’s appropriate role in overcoming future health disasters by understanding the effectiveness of government measures in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: This study collected and analyzed national data provided by various international organizations for countries of the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). To estimate the relationship between various policy measures and COVID-19 related deaths, it employed panel data analysis using random effects, since only three-year data, ranging from 2020 to 2022, were utilized. Results: The main findings of this study are as follows. First, suppression measures, which included strong-intensity measures, directly affected the decrease in the number of total deaths. However, mitigation measures, which consisted of weak-intensity measures, directly affected the increase in the number of deaths. Second, trust in government directly influenced the decrease in the number of deaths. Finally, the moderating effect of government trust on the suppression measures was not tested, but the moderating effect on the mitigation measures was confirmed. Conclusions: This study presents the following implications. First, the government's non-pharmaceutical measures in times of pandemic need to consider various environmental factors of the country. Second, trust in the government can be an important environmental condition in overcoming health-disaster situations. In particular, trust in the government weakens the side effects that can be caused by government measures. Third, suppression methods that directly affect people's movement and daily life had a positive effect on the decrease in the total number of deaths, and the effectiveness of these measures to overcome the health-disaster situation was confirmed.
The Afghanistan Earthquake of 21 June, 2022: The Role of Compressional Step-Overs in Seismogenesis
Authors: Singh Tejpal , Nain Nardeep , Monterroso Fernando , Caputo Riccardo , Striano Pasquale , Yadav RBS , Rajendran CP , Sonkusare Anil G , De Luca Claudio , Lanari Riccardo
Published: February 2025

The Afghanistan earthquake of 21 June 2022 occurred on an ~10 km-long fault segment of the North Waziristan–Bannu Fault system (NWBFS) located towards the north of the Katawaz Basin. The earthquake was a shallow event that reportedly caused widespread devastation across the affected region. In this note, we investigated the long-term, i.e. geological and geomorphological evidence of deformation along the earthquake segment. For comparison, we also studied the short-term space geodetic and remote sensing results documenting a visible offset between the fault traces observed based on the two different methodologies. Focusing on the fault modelling and on published results, it is thus clear that the earthquake rupture did not reach the surface, instead it stopped in the shallow sub-surface at ~1 km-depth. Moreover, the InSAR analyses show some technical issues such as coherence loss etc., likely due to severe ground shaking leaving some gaps in the results; geological and geomorphological evidence complemented this information and contributed to filling these gaps. As a further outcome of this research, we confirm that the InSAR results could generally capture the overall fault geometry at depth even in case of blind faulting, whereas the detailed geometry of the tectonic structure, in this case with a right stepping en-echelon pattern could be successfully captured by the geological and geomorphological approaches and optical remote sensing observations. Accordingly, the right stepping along the major reactivated fault generates a restraining bend in the dominantly left-lateral crustal shear zone. Therefore, such fault stepovers are capable of localizing strain and could act as loci for seismic ruptures bearing strong implications for the seismic hazard assessment of the region as well as of other strike-slip fault zones.
Comparison of Cold and Warm Water Intake in Winter on Growth Performance, Thermoregulation, Rumen Fermentation Parameters, and Microflora of Wandong Bulls (Bos taurus)
Authors: Li Jing , Cui Zhihao , Wei Ming , Yin Chunqing , Yan Peishi
Published: February 2025

Efficient farm practices are crucial for livestock health and performance, and cold stress is a major challenge for cattle in winter. This study aimed to investigate the effects of cold and warm water in winter on growth performance, thermal stress indicators, serum hormones and metabolites, rumen fermentation parameters, rumen fiber degrading enzyme and rumen microflora of yellow cattle during winter. Eight Wandong Bulls (Bos taurus) were divided into two groups: group C, which received cold water (6.36 ± 1.99 °C) and group E, which received warm water (32.00 ± 3.12 °C) for 30 d. Results showed that warm-water intake significantly increased ADG (p = 0.024) and DMI (p = 0.046), and decreased (p = 0.047) the ratio of feed intake to weight gain. Furthermore, the heat production, respiratory rate, surface temperature and rectal temperature of cattle did not alter varying with water temperature, but the heat production value of bulls increased (29.64 vs 25.76 MJ/W0.75 h-1) by cold-water intake compared to warm water. The concentrations of thyroxine (p = 0.021), serum urea nitrogen (p = 0.025), and glucose (p = 0.011) increased with bulls drinking cold water compared to warm water. The concentrations of NH3-N (p = 0.048), total VFA (p = 0.010), acetate (p = 0.009), propionate (p = 0.009), cellulase (p < 0.01) and xylanase (p < 0.05) were lower in group C compared to group E. The total bacterial abundance, as well as specific species including Ruminococcus flavus, Ruminococcus albus, and Prevotella ruminicola, were lower (p < 0.05) in group C compared to group E. In conclusion, in comparison with cold water, drinking warm water during the winter enhanced growth performance by influencing energy metabolism, regulating serum hormones and metabolites, and modulating ruminal microflora of bulls.
Modeling of Hydrogen Atom Adsorption and Diffusion in Ti3Sb Intermetallic Crystal with A15 Cubic Structure
Authors: Asadov Salim MirSalim , Mustafaeva Solmaz Nariman , Mammadova Saida Oktay
Published: February 2025

For the first time, the adsorption of hydrogen on the (110) surface of the A15 Ti3Sb compound with a cubic structure (Cr3Si type; space group Pm3 ̅n) for the accumulation of hydrogen H was calculated using the density functional theory methods (DFT SGGA-PBE). Taking into account the relaxation of the Ti3Sb–H system, the equilibrium positions of hydrogen on the Ti3Sb (110) surface were determined depending on the supercell size. Hydrogen adsorption on the Ti3Sb (110) surface of supercells is preferable in pit sites. The effects of relaxation and an increase in the supercell size (3 × 3 × 3 and 5 × 5 × 5) reduce the adsorption energy compared to the unrelaxed 2 × 1 × 1 supercell. The calculated band structure, curves of local and partial densities of states of Ti3Sb–H are used to explain the interaction of hydrogen with the Ti3Sb (110) surface. The activation energy of H diffusion along the coordinates tetrahedral interstitial site → tetrahedral interstitial site (TIS–TIS) and tetrahedral interstitial site → octahedral interstitial site (TIS–OIS), as well as the diffusion coefficient of H in the cubic lattice of Ti3Sb, were calculated.