bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Activated Carbon from Agricultural Wastes for Adsorption of Organic Pollutants
Authors: Blachnio Magdalena , Derylo-Marczewska Anna , Charmas Barbara , Zienkiewicz-Strzalka Malgorzata , Bogatyrov Viktor , Galaburda Mariia
Published: November 2020

Agricultural waste materials (strawberry seeds and pistachio shells) were used for preparation of activated carbons by two various methods. Chemical activation using acetic acid and physical activation with gaseous agents (carbon dioxide and water vapor) were chosen as mild and environmentally friendly methods. The effect of type of raw material, temperature, and activation agent on the porous structure characteristics of the materials was discussed applying various methods of analysis. The best obtained activated carbons were characterized by high values of specific surface area (555–685 m2/g). The Guinier analysis of small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) curves showed that a time of activation affects pore size. The samples activated using carbon dioxide were characterized mostly by the spherical morphology of pores. Adsorbents were utilized for removal of the model organic pollutants from the single- and multicomponent systems. The adsorption capacities for the 4-chloro-2-methyphenoxyacetic acid (MCPA) removal were equal to 1.43–1.56 mmol/g; however, for adsorbent from strawberry seeds it was much lower. Slight effect of crystal violet presence on the MCPA adsorption and inversely was noticed as a result of adsorption in different types of pores. For similar herbicides strong competition in capacity and adsorption rate was observed. For analysis of kinetic data various equations were used.
Antinociceptive Interaction and Pharmacokinetics of the Combination Treatments of Methyleugenol Plus Diclofenac or Ketorolac
Authors: Rocha-González Héctor Isaac , Sánchez-Mendoza María Elena , Cruz-Antonio Leticia , Flores-Murrieta Francisco Javier , Cornelio-Huerta Xochilt Itzel , Arrieta Jesús
Published: November 2020

Although nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are one of the main types of drugs used to treat pain, they have several adverse effects, and such effects can be reduced by combining two analgesic drugs. The aim of this study was to evaluate the nociceptive activity of methyleugenol combined with either diclofenac or ketorolac, and determine certain parameters of pharmacokinetics. For the isobolographic analysis, the experimental effective dose 30 (ED30) was calculated for the drugs applied individually. With these effective doses, the peak plasma concentration (Cmax) was found and the other parameters of pharmacokinetics were established. Methyleugenol plus diclofenac and methyleugenol plus ketorolac decreased licking behavior in a dose-dependent manner in phase II, with an efficacy of 32.9 ± 9.3 and 39.8 ± 9.6%, respectively. According to the isobolographic analysis, the experimental and theoretical ED30 values were similar for methyleugenol plus diclofenac, suggesting an additive effect, but significantly different for methyleugenol plus ketorolac (3.6 ± 0.5 vs. 7.7 ± 0.6 mg/kg, respectively), indicating a probable synergistic interaction. Regarding pharmacokinetics, the only parameter showing a significant difference was Cmax for the methyleugenol plus diclofenac combination. Even with this difference, the combinations studied may be advantageous for treating inflammatory pain, especially for the combination methyleugenol plus ketorolac.
Interactive Field Effect of Atomic Bonding Forces on the Equivalent Elastic Modulus Estimation of Micro-Level Single-Crystal Copper by Utilizing Atomistic-Continuum Finite Element Simulation
Authors: Lee Chang-Chun , He Jing-Yan
Published: November 2020

This study uses the finite element analysis (FEA)-based atomistic-continuum method (ACM) combined with the Morse potential of metals to determine the effects of the elastic modulus (E) of a given example on atomic-level single-crystal copper (Cu). This work aims to overcome the estimated drawback of a molecular dynamic calculation applied to the mechanical response of macro in-plane-sized and atomic-level-thick metal-based surface coatings. The interactive energy of two Cu atoms within a face-centered metal lattice was described by a mechanical response of spring stiffness. Compared with the theoretical value, the parameters of the Morse potential dominated the predicted accuracy through the FEA-based ACM. Moreover, the analytic results indicated that the effective E of a single-crystal Cu was significantly sensitive to the given range of the interactive force field among atoms. The reliable elastic moduli of 86.8, 152.6, and 205.2 GPa along the Cu(100), Cu(110), and Cu(111) orientations of the Cu metal were separately acquired using the presented FEA-based ACM methodology.
Naturally Occurring Flavonoids and Isoflavonoids and Their Microbial Transformation: A Review
Authors: Wang Jun-Fei , Liu Si-Si , Song Zhi-Qiang , Xu Tang-Chang , Liu Chuan-Sheng , Hou Ya-Ge , Huang Rong , Wu Shao-Hua
Published: November 2020

Flavonoids and isoflavonoids are polyphenolic secondary metabolites usually produced by plants adapting to changing ecological environments over a long period of time. Therefore, their biosynthesis pathways are considered as the most distinctive natural product pathway in plants. Seemingly, the flavonoids and isoflavones from fungi and actinomycetes have been relatively overlooked. In this review, we summarized and classified the isoflavones and flavonoids derived from fungi and actinomycetes and described their biological activities. Increasing attention has been paid to bioactive substances derived from microorganism whole-cell biotransformation. Additionally, we described the utilization of isoflavones and flavonoids as substrates by fungi and actinomycetes for biotransformation through hydroxylation, methylation, halogenation, glycosylation, dehydrogenation, cyclisation, and hydrogenation reactions to obtain rare and highly active biofunctional derivatives. Overall, among all microorganisms, actinomycetes are the main producers of flavonoids. In our review, we also summarized the functional genes involved in flavonoid biosynthesis.
The Neuropolitics of Brain Science and Its Implications for Human Enhancement and Intellectual Property Law
Authors: Dunagan Jake , Grove Jairus , Halbert Debora
Published: November 2020

As we learn more about how the brain functions, the study of the brain changes what we know about human creativity and innovation and our ability to enhance the brain with technology. The possibilities of direct brain-to-brain communication, the use of cognitive enhancing drugs to enhance human intelligence and creativity, and the extended connections between brains and the larger technological world, all suggest areas of linkage between intellectual property (IP) law and policy and the study of the brain science. Questions of importance include: Who owns creativity in such a world when humans are enhanced with technology? And how does one define an original work of authorship or invention if either were created with the aid of an enhancement technology? This paper suggests that new conceptualizations of the brain undermine the notion of the autonomous individual and may serve to locate creativity and originality beyond that of individual creation. In this scenario, the legal fiction of individual ownership of a creative work will be displaced, and as this paper warns, under current conditions the IP policies which may take its place will be of concern absent a rethinking of human agency in the neuropolitical age.
Study on Turbulence Intensity Behavior under a Large Range of Temperature Variation
Authors: Lee Junsik , Lee Jae-Hak
Published: November 2020

The turbulence intensity (TI) is defined as the ratio of fluctuation from the standard deviation of wind velocity to the mean value. Many studies have been performedon TI for flow dynamics and adapted various field such as aerodynamics, jets, wind turbines, wind tunnel apparatuses, heat transfer, safety estimation of construction, etc.The TI represents an important parameter for determining the intensity of velocity variation and flow quality in industrial fluid mechanics. In this paper, computational fluid dynamic (CFD) simulation of TI alteration with increasing temperature has been performed using the finite volume method. A high-temperature—maximum 300 degrees Celsius (°C)—wind tunnel test rig has been used as theapparatus, and velocity was measured by an I-type hot-wire anemometer. The velocity and TI of the core test section were operated at several degrees of inlet temperatures at anair velocity of 20 m/s. The magnitude of TI has a relationship with boundary layer development. The TI increased as temperature increased due to turbulence created by the non-uniformities.
THEORY AND PRACTICE OF BRIQUETTING OF POLYDISPERSE MATERIALS AND PRODUCTION WASTE IN PRESS-ROLL INSTALLATIONS
Authors: Sevost'yanov M.
Published: November 2020

The article deals with theoretical and experimental studies of the compaction processes of various types of powdered polydisperse materials for the study of kinematic, design-technological and energy-power parameters of units. The basic laws of briquetting in press-roll units and the need for their constructive and technological implementation have been established. The calculation of the main energy-power parameters of the equipment for briquetting (pressing force; power expended by the roller and jaw pre-compactors; total power consumed by the roller press) is presented. It allows considering the physicomechanical characteristics and physicochemical properties of technogenic materials. The paper presents patent-protected designs of aggregates for briquetting polydisperse waste with both high and low bulk density. The necessity of preliminary compaction of briquetted charges during their molding is shown, which is effective in the implementation of any compaction process. The use of devices for preliminary compaction of the material and the forming elements of the grooved-toothed and cell-type rolls make it possible to obtain briquettes of a given geometric shape and dimensions, taking into account the requirements of the consumer. The results of theoretical and experimental studies can be used not only for the processing and disposal of secondary raw materials (polydisperse waste) of individual industries, but also for the production of various types of marketable products.
Identifikasi Stakeholder Pengelolaan Pemanfaatan Jasa Ekosistem di Taman Nasional Baluran
Authors: Ichtiarso Joko Mulyo
Published: November 2020

Baluran National Park has an ecosystem service that’s used directly by the people of buffer village. The amount of benefits from these ecosystem services has not received attention in management activities in Baluran National Park. The last 5 years data on the number of tourist visits reached 176,888 tourists, namely 172,039 domestic tourists and 4,849 foreign tourists. However, villagers only play a role in providing tourist motorcycle taxi services. So that people have access to the use of ecosystem services. The purpose of this research is to identify of stakeholders of utilization ecosystem services management in Baluran National Park. The method of research uses quantitative and qualitative approaches, purposive sampling, and interviews using questionnaires. The Analyze is qualitative descriptions and analysis of policy contents. The result of this study is describe of stakeholders of utilization ecosystem service management in Baluran National Park accommodates various interests of stakeholders who can be involved in the management of the use of Baluran National Park ecosystem services.  Keywords: Management, Utilization Ecosystem Services, Baluran National Park
ANALISIS KESESUAIAN LAHAN AGROFORESTRI BERBASIS SISTEM INFORMASI GEOGRAFI (SIG) DI DESA SINDULANG KABUPATEN SUMEDANG
Authors: Widodo Prasetyo , Susila Rian
Published: November 2020

The condition of social, economic, and culture of forest community has effect to forest condition. Desa Sindulang is one of village that community forest in Taman Buru Masigit Karembi that has majority of farmer and low economic condition. But commodity planting is carried out without an evaluation of the land to determine the level of suitability of the land with the commodities planted. The method by overlay Land Mapping Unit with society land use then analyze of matching suitability land. The results of evaluation divided in 3 units, are : 1) unit I which have land suitability class values with forestry commodities such as Suren (Toona sureni) and Coffee (Coffea Arabica) while agricultural commodities such as Broccoli (Brassica oleracea), Chili (Capsicum annum), Banana (Musa acuminate) and Cabbage (Brasica oleracea). 2) Units II which have land suitability class values with forestry commodities such as Suren (Toona sureni) and Coffee (Coffea arabica) while agricultural commodities such as Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum). 3) Units III which have land suitability class values with forestry commodities such as Suren (Toona sureni), Africa (Maesopsis eminii) and Coffee (Coffea arabica) while agricultural commodities such as Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum), Eggplant (Solanum melongena) Broccoli (Brassica oleracea), Chili (Capsicum annum), Cabbage (Brasica oleracea) and Pineapple (Ananas Comosus).Keywords : Agroforestry, Land suitability, Sindulang Village
Hubungan Dominansi Pohon dengan Temperature Humidity Index (Thi) Di Hutan Kota Babakan Siliwangi Bandung Jawa Barat
Authors: Solihat Raizal Fahmi , Nurfajri Muhamad Elvan
Published: November 2020

Physical development in the city of Bandung which is increasing causes a decrease in green open space. Babakan Siliwangi Bandung City Forest is one of the green open spaces so it is necessary to know the correlation between tree dominance and the Temperature Humidity Index (THI) value in the formation of micro climates. The object research is to determine the relationship between tree dominance and THI. The method by vegetation analysed, measuring temperature and humidity. The results of research are: 1) Comfort index (THI) in the Babakan Siliwangi City Forest Park in Bandung in August 2017 is relatively comfortable <26 THI. 2) The correlation value of tree dominance with THI is -0.14 which means that there is no relationship between the dominance value and THI. Keywords : Tree, Forest urban, THI, Bandung
BEM-ESTAR ANIMAL: CARACTERIZAÇÃO DA AMBIÊNCIA E DO MANEJO NA PRODUÇÃO E ABATE DE FRANGOS DE CORTE
Authors: Fernandes Lima Thais , Eurides Stella Ariel , Barbosa da Silva Flávio , Teles Pádua Gracielle
Published: November 2020

O modelo de produção mais utilizado na avicultura brasileira é o sistema de integração entre produtores e frigoríficos, o que permite a análise completa da cadeia produtiva e o estudo sistematizado da correlação entre estrutura, manejo e ambiente proporcionado às aves. Diante deste cenário, objetivou-se identificar os principais pontos vulneráveis da cadeia produtiva de frangos de corte relacionados à ambiência e ao manejo, caracterizando o nível de atendimento das normas de bem-estar animal (BEA) em estabelecimentos de criação e abate de aves, localizados no Sudoeste Goiano. Desta forma, procedeu-se à verificação de recomendações norteadas pelas diretrizes da Humane Farm Animal Care (HFAC) e da Royal Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals (RSPCA) em vinte granjas e três frigoríficos distribuídos pela região amostrada. Os dados foram analisados pelo método descritivo. Como resultado, foram observadas falhas técnicas, de manejo e estruturais nas etapas pré-abate, bem como nos procedimentos industriais nos estabelecimentos avaliados, além da total ausência de enriquecimento ambiental.
UJI EFEK ANTIINFLAMASI KOMBINASI EKSTRAK ETANOL DAUN GYMNANTHEMUM AMYGDALINUM DEL. DAN ELAEIS GUINEENSIS JACQ.
Authors: Wahyudi Wahyudi , Masnawati Masnawati , . Ismayuni , Rahmi Sofia , Berkat Waruwu Syukur
Published: November 2020

Inflammation is a response from the body to injury or infection, flavonoids contained in African leaves (Gymnanthemum Amygdalinum Del.) And palm oil leaves (Elaeis Guineensis Jacq.) have anti-inflammatory effects. This study aims to examine the anti-inflammatory effects of a combination of ethanol extracts of Gymnanthemum Amygdalinum Del. And Elaeis Guineensis Jacq. on white rat foot edema which is induced by carrageenan 1% subplantar, and effective dosage as anti-inflammatory. The extract was made by maceration method using 96% ethanol solvent. The antiinflammatory effect test was divided into 5 treatment groups. The first group (negative control) was given 0.5% CMC Na suspension, the group (positive control) was given diclofenac Na suspension 2.25 mg / kg bw, and the suspension group was a combination of African leaf extract (Gymnanthemum Amygdalinum Del.) And palm oil leaves ( Elaeis Guineensis Jacq.) Dose 200 + 62.5 mg / kg bw, 400 + 125 mg / kg bw, and 800 + 250 mg / kg bw. Inflammation volume measurements were measured using a pletismometer for 180 minutes at 30 minute intervals after 1% carrageenan was induced. The results showed that negative controls had significant differences with other treatment groups which did not show anti-inflammatory effects. In conclusion, the suspension of a combination of ethanol extract of African leaves and palm oil leaves has an effective anti-inflammatory effect at a dose of 800 + 250 mg / kg bw.
UJI EFEKTIVITAS ANTI BAKTERI EKSTRAK DAUN LEUNCA (SOLANUM NIGRUM) TERHADAP DAYA HAMBAT BAKTERI ESCHERICHIA COLI
Authors: Fahdi Firdaus , Sari Herviani , Saulina Lubis Lisbet
Published: November 2020

Antibacterial is a compound that can inhibit the growth of bacteria that can be used for the treatment of infections in humans. One of the bacteria that can cause interference with the system is the Escherichia coli bacteria, where the Escherichia coli bacteria is widely spread around us. The spread of the Escherichia coli bacteria can occur by direct contact (shaking hands, touching). Then passed on by mouth. Leunca leaves have chemical contents including alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, tanins. The purpose of this study was to determine whether Leunca's leaf extract (Solanum nigrum) has antibacterial effects against the inhibitory power of Escherichia coli bacteria with a concentration of 50 mg/ml, 100 mg/ml, 150 mg/ml, 200 mg/ml, 250 mg/ml. The method of this study was the sample of Leunca leaf obtained from West Lumban Rau Village, Habinsaran Subdistrict, Toba Samosir Regency. Sample preparation was done by making thick extract with the maceration method. An anti-bacterial effectiveness test is done by the disk diffusion method. The results showed Leunca's leaf extract containing alkaloid compounds, flavonoids, saponins, tannins. As well as having antibacterial effectiveness against the inhibition of Escherichia coli bacteria. Average inhibition zone area concentration of 50 mg/ml = 6.1 mm, concentration of 100 mg/ml = 7.3, concentration of 150 mg/ml = 8.8 mm, concentration of 200 mg/ml = 10.8 mm, concentration of 250 mg/ml = 12.6 mm. Conclusion: Leunca (Solanum nigrum) Leaf Extract has antibacterial effects against the inhibitory power of Escherichia coli bacteria with a strong category.
UJI AKTIVITAS EKSTRAK ETANOL DAUN LABU SIAM (SECHIUM EDULE (JACQ.) SWARTZ) TERHADAP AKTIVITAS ANTIBAKTERI STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS
Authors: Cahya Cucu Arum Dwi , Priasa Ayunda , M. Br. Turnip Nur Ulina
Published: November 2020

Labu siam merupakan tumbuhan jenis labu-labuan yang dapat dimakan buah dan pucuk mudanya. Tumbuhan labu siam mengandung senyawa metabolit sekunder antara flavonoid, alkaloid, saponin. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh ekstrak daun labu siam (Sechium edele (Jacq.) Swartz) terhadap pertumbuhan bakteri Staphylococcus aureus. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode eksperimental murni. Metode yang digunakan dalam uji aktivitas antibakteri adalah metode difusi dengan kertas cakram. Konsentrasi yang digunakan pada ekstrak daun labu siam terdiri dari konsentrasi 20%, 40%,dan 60%. Hasil skrining fitokimia menunjukkan bahwa ekstak daun labu siam mengandung saponin, flavonoid, dan tanin. Pengaruh pemberian ekstrak daun labu siam terhadap Staphylococcus aureus ditandai dengan terbentuknya zona hambat pada konsentrasi 20%, 40%, dan 60% secara berurutan dengan rerata diameter sebesar 6,6 mm; 8,5 mm; 10,3 mm. Hasil uji One-Way ANOVA didapatkan nilai sig 0,000 (sig<0,05) dan berdasarkan hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa terdapat pengaruh konsentrasi ekstrak daun labu siam terhadap pertumbuhan bakteri Staphylococcus aureus. Konsentrasi 60% yang paling efektif dalam menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri dengan potensi kuat dalam menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri Staphylococcus aureus dengan mengunakan metode difusi. Disarankan pada peneliti selanjutnya untuk melakukan uji aktivitas antibakteri pada bagian tumbuhan yang lain seperti bunga, batang dan akar.
PENGEMBANGAN APLIKASI KONSULTASI DAN PENGUKURAN STATUS GIZI USIA REMAJA (SMA) SECARA ONLINE (NUTRI-O)
Authors: Widyatnoko Dodhi , Budiharsana Meiwita , Prabawa Artha
Published: November 2020

In Indonesia, the current trends and issues has changed of the malnutrition paradigm. The nutritional status of adolescents in Indonesia is experiencing double burden problems (Riskesdas 2007, 2010, and 2013). This happens due to improper lifestyle and eating habits, thus causing adolescents to be at risk of malnutrition, both deficiency or overnutrition. The nutrient deficiency has an impact on decreasing physical abilities, immune system, thinking and learning concentration. While overnutrition such as overweight and obesity in adolescents, increasing the risk of non-infectious diseases during adulthood such as heart and blood vessel disease, high blood pressure, dyslipidemia, and diabetes mellitus. The purpose of this study is to develop an Android-based m-Health application model as an effort to monitor nutritional status and online consultation. The development method that used is a prototype. Application modeling begins with system requirements analysis, context diagrams, Entity Relational Diagrams (ERD), Table Relational Diagrams (TRD), Flow Charts and User Interface Design. Adolescent nutritional status measured base on Height divided by Age (TB/U), Body Mass Index divided by Age (BMI/U) and other health conditions. The system information formed by the design concept can provide an information of nutritional status and fascinate competent nutritionists to give an interactive nutritional consultation.
HUBUNGAN PERSONAL HYGIENE DENGAN MASALAH KEPUTIHAN PADA IBU PEMULUNG DI TPA TADUKAN RAGA STM HILIR
Authors: Butarbutar Astriana Fransiska , Fransiska Tumanggor Juli
Published: November 2020

Whitish (flour albus) is a condition of the vagina when removing fluid or mucus that resembles pus. Leucorrhoea is not always a disease because there is also normal vaginal discharge. Poor personal hygiene cause vaginal discharge. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between personal hygiene and vaginal discharge problems in scavenger mothers in the Landfills Tadukan Raga STM Hilir 2018. The type of research used was descriptive research with a cross sectional approach, namely an analytical survey. The sample of this study amounted to 23 respondents using total sampling. The data analysis was carried out by univariate and bivariate with Chi Square statistic test with a significance limit (α) of 0,05. The reseach showed that the majority of scavenger mothers had good skin hygiene, and good hand and nail hygiene as many as 13 people with a percentage (56,5 %), and having poor Genetalia Hygiene as many as 13 people with a percentage (56,5%). The conclusion there is no relationship between skin hygiene and vaginal discharge (ρ = 0,341), there is no relationship between hand and nail hygiene with vaginal discharge (ρ = 0,660), and there is a correlation between genetalia hygiene and vaginal discharge in scavenger mothers (ρ = 0,019). Skin hygiene, hand and nail hygiene are not entirely a factor causing vaginal discharge problems, there are still many other causal factors which are the limitations of this study, while genetalia hygiene greatly affects the occurrence of vaginal discharge problems.

Keywords: whitish, Personal hygiene, scavenger mothers
METODE JOB SAFETY ANALYSIS DALAM PENGENDALIAN RESIKO KERJA DI PT. JAKARANA TAMA CABANG MEDAN
Authors: Irmayani Irmayani , Ginting Luci Br , Parinduri Anggi Isnani , Ginting Rosita , Putra Samura Jul Asdar , Nasution Zumroh Aini
Published: November 2020

The progress of formal industry is accompanied by the use of technology used in the production process that has a risk of harm to aspects of occupational safety and health as well as the work environment. Therefore, Job Safety Analysis (JSA) which is one of the risk management that needs to be applied to determine the risks of hazards in the work environment so that appropriate control measures can be taken. This research is a qualitative research that aims to explore a problem with detailed limitations, as well as in-depth data collection. The number of informants in this study were 7 people. Data collection was carried out using work safety job analysis worksheets and in-depth interviews equipped with voice recording devices for 7 informants. The results of research carried out there are potential dangers that still need attention and control. From several stages of the production process that is usually done at PT. Jakarana Tama Medan Branch the process of conveying and mixing, continuous rolling, steaming, cutting, friying michine, cooling, and packing. The risks of accidents and occupational diseases that occur to workers are divided into two parts, including physical and psychological. Physical risks include falling, slipping, being shocked, pinched, burns, hearing loss, respiratory distress, complaints of muscle aches. and psychological risks in the form of work stress or discomfort. Factors causing it can occur due to unsafe actions and unsafe conditions. The advice that can be given is that supervision of the work process must be further improved so that workers do not do things that deviate from the provisions that have been applied, provide sanctions for workers who break the rules, and equip personal protective equipment in each division according to the type of work.
HUBUNGAN PAPARAN DEBU DENGAN GANGGUAN PERNAFASAN PADA PEKERJA PEMBUATAN BATU BATA DI JATI BARU KECAMATAN PAGAR MERBAU KABUPATEN DELI SERDANG TAHUN 2020
Authors: Siregar Wilda Wahyuni , Sihotang Supran Hidayat , Octavariny Raisha , Perangin-Angin M. Wiradana
Published: November 2020

Dust is the most frequent and dangerous chemical factor in the workplace. Based on the Republic of Indonesia Minister of Manpower Regulation No. 13 of 2011 concerning the Threshold Value (NAV) of Physical and Chemical Factors in the Workplace, the maximum dust content in the workplace is 3 mg / m3. Exposure to dust that exceeds the NAV can cause breathing problems in workers in the form of a decrease in forced expiratory volume in one second and a decrease in the volume of vital capacity. This research is a quantitative analytical survey with cross sectional design that aims to determine the relationship of dust exposure with respiratory problems in brick making workers. The population in this study were all combustion brickworkers, a total of 34 samples taken using total sampling techniques. Data were analyzed using Chi Square test with α = 0.05. The results showed that most brick making workers were exposed to dust exposure for> 8 hours (79.4%) and most of the workers had respiratory problems (76.5%). Based on statistical tests it is known that there is a relationship between dust exposure and respiratory problems in brick making workers in Jati Baru, Pagar Merbau District, Deli Serdang Regency in 2020 (p value = 0.004). Long exposure to the environment containing work dust particles will cause severe stress on the respiratory tract organs, making it easy to cause various types of lung disease and other respiratory diseases. Therefore, the owner of the brick making factory is expected to be able to provide personal protective equipment (PPE) such as masks for workers and provide sanctions if workers do not use PPE.
HUBUNGAN SIKAP IBU DALAM PENGELOLAAN SAMPAH DENGAN VOLUME SAMPAH ORGANIK DI GANG PANCASILA LUBUK PAKAM
Authors: Panjaitan Delita Br , Parinduri Anggi Isnani , Irmayani Irmayani
Published: November 2020

The problem of waste management is currently still a problem that is difficult to do, where the limited land for the disposal of waste, a careless attitude makes the volume of waste high. The purpose of this study was to analyze the relationship between attitudes towards waste and the volume of organic waste in the Pancasila alley. This research uses analytical research with cross sectional study and uses Chi Square. The sample in this study were 40 respondents and were taken by total sampling. Primary data was collected by means of a questionnaire and for the volume of waste, it was carried out by direct measurement. This research was conducted in the pencasila alley. Based on the attitude of the respondents, there were 13 respondents with good attitudes (32.5%) and 27 respondents with poor attitudes (67.5%). There is a relationship between attitude and volume of waste (p = 0.001). The community needs to raise awareness about the management of waste produced by each household.
Deformability of the masonry subjected to shearing due to vertical displacements
Authors: Piekarczyk Adam
Published: November 2020

The paper presents the results of tests of masonry specimens subjected to vertical displacement, with limited deformations in a direction parallel to the masonry bed joints (horizontally) and additionally compressed in the direction perpendicular to the bed joints (vertically). Specimens in the form of fragments of masonry walls were made of solid ceramic brick and AAC blocks. Studies have shown that the nature of the relationship between wall deformation angles and shear stresses caused by vertical displacements depends on the values of accompanying compressive stresses normal to the plane of the masonry bed joints. Compressive stresses have a positive effect on the load-bearing capacity and crack resistance of this type of masonry walls and the angles of deformation occurring at the moment of cracking. The dependence of the transverse stiffness modulus on the value of shear stresses is strongly non-linear, but with increasing shear stresses, it stabilises at a certain level independent of the values of compressive stresses associated with shear.
Aerodynamics of guyed masts
Authors: Bęc Jarosław
Published: November 2020

Guyed masts response to wind action, ice load and thermal action has been analysed in this paper. Computational model of wind action based on quasi-steady theory has been applied. It has been assumed that nodal displacements may be expressed as a linear combination of representative mode shapes. Special computer program has been made to allow analysis of such structures. It has been found that the selection of representative mode shapes is very influential on the calculations outcome. The obtained results have been compared with the ones calculated according to patch loads method presented in Eurocode 3. The dynamic part of forces calculated with own method are about half of the ones coming from the standard.
Evaluation of the land property value for public roads investment with respect to recompense calculation
Authors: Zyga Jacek
Published: November 2020

The present article is posing the attempt at creating the market value of the land property in the new road investment preparation process. The analysis of mechanisms creating the land property value in so called “income approach” is discussed as well as legal premises of this method.
Historical palaces and gardens in Ukraine and problems of their revalorization
Authors: Remeshylo-Rybchynska Oresta
Published: November 2020

Historical palaces and gardens in Ukraine and problems of their revalorization
Köbös bórnitrid lapkás „hosszú” furat esztergakések élettartamának vizsgálata edzett acél megmunkálásának vonatkozásában
Authors: Fülöp Zsombor , Alves da Silva Wallyson Thomas
Published: November 2020

Cikkünk célja, hogy kiértékeljük a köbös bórnitrid (CBN) lapkás „hosszan túlnyúló” (továbbiakban „hosszú”) furat esztergakések kopási folyamatait fénymikroszkóp segítségével, mellyel a kopás mértéke könnyedén követhető. A szerszám paramétereit a maximálisan megengedett túlnyúlásig (azaz a dinamikailag stabil forgácsleválasztáshoz tartozó, késszár átmérőhöz viszonyított maximálisan megengedhető „hosszig”) vizsgáltuk. Az eredmények rámutatnak az oldalél jelentős kopására a maximálisan megengedett túlnyúlás közelében.
COMPARISON OF DIURNAL AND SEASONAL VARIABILITY OF THE CRITICAL FREQUENCY OF THE F2 LAYER OVER ILORIN, JICAMARCA AND OKINAWA DURING MINIMUM SOLAR ACTIVITY
Authors: Onori Eugene O.
Published: November 2020

The ionosphere displays a wide range of variations ranging from diurnal, seasonal, annual and solar cycle variation. In this paper we present a study of the comparison of diurnal, seasonal and semiannual variation of the variability (VR) of the critical frequency of the F2 layer (foF2) over Ilorin (Lat. 8.47oN, 4.6oE, dip 4.1oS) in the African sector, Jicamarca (Lat. 11.9oS, Long.76.8oW, dip 1oN) in the American sector and Okinawa (26.3oN, 127.8oE, dip 36.8oN) in the Asian sector during solar minimum period. These stations lie within the equatorial anomaly region of the ionosphere. Diurnal analysis revealed that the critical frequency of the F2 layer is more prone to variability (VR) during the nighttime than the day time at these stations, with two characteristics peaks, post-midnight peak and pre-midnight peak. The peaks at Ilorin (20 - 43%; 16 - 25%) are observed to be higher in values than those at Jicamarca (17 - 27%; 15 - 22%) and Okinawa (22 – 39%; 15 - 30%). Seasonally, December solstice maximum was noticed at Ilorin. Semiannual analysis showed that foF2 VR is highest at Ilorin station, followed by Okinawa station and least by Jicamarca station during the nighttime. Diurnal curves of Mean foF2 revealed pre-noon and post-noon peaks at all stations, with Jicamarca having highest values for both peaks while the semiannual curves of mean foF2 values showed almost equal values for all stations. Overall, foF2 variability is highest at Ilorin and lowest at Jicamarca while for F2 layer ionization the reverse is the case.
Information Retrieval Metrics for Speech Based Systems: A Systematic Review
Authors: Adenibuyan Micheal , Enikuomehin Oluwatoyin , Aribisala Benjamin
Published: November 2020

Information Retrieval (IR) allows the identification of relevant information from connected repositories, however their performance have been of research interest leading to investigations in the modalities by which the accuracy of the retrievals are evaluated. Metrics such as Precision, Recall, F-score among others are used to evaluate an IR system. IR use same form of evaluation for both speech and text based system while failing to realize the difference that could have occurred in the process of transcription, especially in the voice to text search, which is the most common speech based search paradigm. This is forming a new set of concerns. This research aim to review and identify the strengths and weaknesses of existing metrics for measuring the performances of speech based. A total of 179 articles were retrieved using Google Scholar repository and were manually examined. Only 25 articles were selected for analysis in this study after applying our predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria. Result shows that Mean Average Precision is the most frequently used metric for speech based IR system with result range from 0.4191 to 0.620. Also transcription error of spoken query or spoken document has a near linear relationship to IR performance. This systematic review serves as a bibliography of speech based IR systems and can be used by those new to the field of IR.
RESPONSE OF F2- REGION MAXIMUM ELECTRON DENSITY (NmF2/foF2) TO SOLAR ACTIVITY USING PEARSON PRODUCT MOMENT CORRELATION
Authors: Onori Eugene
Published: November 2020

Introduction: The ionosphere owes its origin primarily to ultraviolet radiation from the Sun. The ionosphere is an essential part of the Earth’s upper atmosphere. It is ionized by solar radiation and influences transionospheric radio wave propagation. Maximum electron density of the F2- layer (NmF2) is an important parameter for studying the ionosphere. The ionospheric F2-region maximum electron density (NmF2) depends strongly on solar activity, it also suffers temporal and spatial variations. Aim: The aim of this paper is to investigate the response of NmF2 to solar activity during high solar activity (HSA), moderate solar activity (MSA) and low solar activity (LSA) years using correlation analysis. Materials and Methods: The data used in this work are the hourly NmF2 values derived from foF2 data observed at Jicamarca (Lat.11.9 oS, Long.76.8 oW) and Puerto Rico (Lat.18.5 oN, Long.67.2 oW) during high solar activity HSA (2002), moderate solar activity MSA (2011) and low solar activity LSA (2006) years. The NmF2 data were evaluated using the relation in equation 1 NmF2 = 1.24 x 1010 (foF2)2 (1) Where NmF2 is in el/m3 and foF2 is in MHz. Pearson Product Moment Correlation (PPMC) was used to further analyse the NmF2 data. Results: Our results revealed two unequal NmF2 peaks. The NmF2 peaks values at Jicamarca (60 - 240; 63– 204) x 1010 el/m3 are observed to be higher in values than those at Puerto Rico (63 – 187; 57 – 164) x 1010 el/m3. The highest NmF2 peak values of 240 and 187x 1010 el/m3 occurred during March equinox at 09:00 and 14:00 hours at Jicamarca and Puerto Rico respectively during HSA year. Conclusion: Correlation analysis for the three epochs of solar activity revealed that NmF2 showed positive correlation with sunspot number with highest correlation values of 0.904 and 0.976 at Jicamarca and Puerto Rico stations respectively during MSA year.
Chemical composition of essential oils from Bambusa vulgaris Leaf (Fresh and Dried) Schrad. Ex J.C. Wendl. [Poaceae] obtained in Nigeria
Authors: Atewolara-odule Odunayo , Olubomehin Oseyemi , Adesanya Enitan , Hashimi Adejumoke , Ogunmoye Abdulrazaq
Published: November 2020

Essential oil is a hydrophobic concentrated liquid which contains volatile aroma compounds from plants. Bambusa vulgaris grows widely in the tropical and subtropical regions and has been reported to have different ethnomedicinal values such as antimalaria and antioxidant. It is also known to be an ornamental plant. The essential oil was extracted from both the fresh and dried leaves of Bambusa vulgaris by hydrodistillation method using a Clevenger apparatus. The chemical constituents of the essential oils were characterized using gas chromatography and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The essential oils obtained are colourless with an herbal odour giving a yield of 0.64 w/w for the fresh sample and 1.08 w/w for the dried sample. A total of thirty-nine (39) compounds were identified from the essential oils of both samples. The major constituents in the fresh leaves were 3-aminodibenzofuran (19.2%), ?-ocimene (11.1%), undecane (9.6%), tridecane (8.6%), [3,2-b] pyridin-6-octahydropyrano (7.1%), 2-mono laurin (6.9%) and vinyl decanoate (5.9%). Prominent compounds of the essential oil in the dried leaves were chlorophenoxymethylenimino sulfur pentafluoride (74.5%) and 2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-3,5-heptanedione (17.3%). Undecane, tridecane, hexadecane and octadecane were found both in the fresh and dried leaves. The chemical constituents of the essential oils from Nigeria Bambusa vulgaris were reported in this study for the first time to the best our knowledge and this could be useful in aromatherapy.
Parasitism and the Menace of Open defeacation in Nigeria (A Review).
Authors: Okwa Omolade , Mordi Chukwudumebi , Adefowope Esther
Published: November 2020

Introduction: Parasitism is a biological interaction between two organisms of different species, the smaller one known as the parasite is metabolically dependent on the bigger one called the host. The parasite inflicts injury and may ultimately kill the host. Open defeacation (OD) is the human practice of emptying the bowels in an open space rather than a properly designed structure built purposely for handling human waste. Statement of the Problem: OD is caused mainly by poverty, cultural misconceptions and lack of suitable toilets and the effect such as parasitism kills about 1.8 million people yearly, many of which are children. Nigeria is the third on the list of the top six countries in the world where OD is practiced with a rate of 27%. OD leads to contamination of soil, water bodies and vegetation with infectious cyst and oocyst stages of intestinal protozoa parasites, eggs of soil transmitted nematodes and larvae stages of various helminthes. Objectives: Drinking water and aquatic environment are polluted by OD and this impact on human health and aquatic life. Educating the populace on personal hygiene, proper wastes disposal and the health implications of OD and other associated problems are essential if Nigeria plans to control and stop OD. Conclusion and Recommendations: Provision of safe water and working public toilets in rural and urban areas are strongly recommended. Enforcement of sanitation laws and proper disposal of human waste is advocated. We conclude that Nigerians must awake and enhance a culture of sanitation and hygiene to bring these diseases of poverty to a drastic reduction. Keywords: Open defeacation, Parasitism, Nigeria, Contamination, Soil transmitted nematodes.
EFFECTS OF DIFFERENT WATERING REGIMES ON THE GROWTH OF TALINUM TRIANGULARE JACQ. (WATER LEAF)
Authors: Oluwole Surukite O. , Ogun Mautin Lawrence , Balogun Olusesan O.
Published: November 2020

Introduction: Climate change is an ecological challenge faced by the whole world especially Lagos state. This has resulted into water stress problems faced by plants and animals; thus, reducing their availability, production and yield. Aim: Talinum triangulare (water leaf) growth is hinged on the availability of optimum water in soil. It is against this that this requirement study tends to determine the effects of different watering regimes on the growth of water leaf. Materials and methods: Seeds obtained from Lagos State Agricultural Inputs Supply, Ojo, Lagos State were planted in pots filled with loamy soil. Watering regime experiments viz adequately watered (control), moderately water stressed, strongly watered stressed and very wet were carried out on the growth of T. triangulare for 7 weeks at the greenhouse, Department of Botany, Lagos State University. Results: The data collected were analyzed and results revealed that the adequately watered (control) and moderately water stressed (dry treated) seedlings performed better in terms of stem height, root and shoot dry weight, number of leaves and total biomass. The strongly watered stressed seedlings also experienced growth which was rapid initially but later slowed down abruptly. The very wet treated seedlings had stunted growth but flowered first alongside the strongly watered stressed seedlings. It was also observed that the control and strongly water stressed seedlings contained higher mineral nutrients. Conclusion: Adequately watered (control) and moderately water stressed (dry treated) treatments are the best watering regimes for the growth of T. triangulare.
Emotion Recognition Using Ensemble Bagged Tree Classifier and Electroencephalogram Signals
Authors: Aribisala Benjamin , Olori Obaro , Owate Patrick
Published: November 2020

Introduction: Emotion plays a key role in our daily life and work, especially in decision making, as people's moods can influence their mode of communication, behaviour or productivity. Emotion recognition has attracted some research works and medical imaging technology offers tools for emotion classification. Aims: The aim of this work is to develop a machine learning technique for recognizing emotion based on Electroencephalogram (EEG) data Materials and Methods: Experimentation was based on a publicly available EEG Dataset for Emotion Analysis using Physiological (DEAP). The data comprises of EEG signals acquired from thirty two adults while watching forty 40 different musical video clips of one minute each. Participants rated each video in terms of four emotional states, namely, arousal, valence, like/dislike and dominance. We extracted some features from the dataset using Discrete Wavelet Transforms to extract wavelet energy, wavelet entropy, and standard deviation. We then classified the extracted features into four emotional states, namely, High Valence/High Arousal, High Valance/Low Arousal, Low Valence/High Arousal, and Low Valence/Low Arousal using Ensemble Bagged Trees. Results: Ensemble Bagged Trees gave sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of 97.54%, 99.21%, and 97.80% respectively. Support Vector Machine and Ensemble Boosted Tree gave similar results. Conclusion: Our results showed that machine learning classification of emotion using EEG data is very promising. This can help in the treatment of patients, especially those with expression problems like Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis which is a muscle disease, the real emotional state of patients will help doctors to provide appropriate medical care. Keywords: Electroencephalogram, Emotions Recognition, Ensemble Classification, Ensemble Bagged Trees, Machine Learning
DEVELOPMENT OF APPROACHES FOR ENDOTOXIN REMOVAL FROM PROTEIN PREPARATIONS ON THE EXAMPLE OF NUCLEASES OF THE CRISPR/CAS SYSTEM
Authors:   Federal Budget Institute of Science «Central Research Institute of Epidemiology», Tyumentsev A.I. , Tyumentseva M.A. , Akimkin V.G.
Published: November 2020

Removal of bacterial endotoxins from solutions of recombinant proteins is one of the most important issues in the preparation of highly purified preparations suitable for in vivo use. An optimal technology for obtaining preparations purified from bacterial endotoxins has been proposed using purification of preparations of recombinant nucleases of the CRISPR/CAS system as an example. Efficacy of developed technology was compared with other available methods. Removal of bacterial endotoxins was carried out using Triton X-114 detergent added to a concentration of 1% to a solution containing the recombinant protein. It was shown that the content of bacterial endotoxins in solutions of purified proteins obtained according to the proposed technology is 0.3–1.5 EU/ml.
FLECK QUANTIFICATION OF THE NUMBER OF INFECTIOUS SARS-COV-2 CORONAVIRUS PARTICLES
Authors:   LLC «Ingenik», Sivov I.G. , Firsov I.S.
Published: November 2020

The principle of obtaining sensors for detecting infectious particles of RNA viruses in samples was proposed for the diagnosis of infectious particles SARS-CoV-2. Previously, the similar sensor pattern was successfully applied in relation to the hepatitis C virus. It was founded that the ratio of the RNA titer, determined in the RT-PCR reaction in Real Time mode, refers to the number of infectious («shine») centers formed on the cell sensor culture, approximately as 100: 1, in the «coronavirus-positive» sample.