bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Quantifying Post‐Colonial Peat Carbon Loss From a Drained Forested Peatland, Great Dismal Swamp National Wildlife Refuge, USA
Authors: Jones Miriam C. , Willard Debra A. , Wurster Frederic C. , Huber Molly
Published: September 2024

Peatland carbon storage is increasingly threatened by the combination of land‐use change and climate variability, though carbon losses from land‐use changes that span centuries are difficult to quantify, particularly in systems where little undisturbed area remains. Here we use a combination of vegetation change, fire history, and calculations of excess ash mass to quantify carbon loss in the Great Dismal Swamp National Wildlife Refuge (GDS NWR), USA, a highly impacted oligotrophic temperate peat swamp. Our results indicate that ditch construction that began in the Colonial Era in the late 1700s and continued into the mid‐20th century across the swamp resulted in shifts from cypress‐tupelo swamps to a combination of maple‐gum and pine pocosin forests, consistent with drying surface conditions. Two large smoldering fires (2008, 2011) that were exacerbated by surface drainage, shifted vegetation from swamp to marsh, consumed peat over 25 km2, and caused losses of 1.05–1.34 Tg C due to peat burning. Across the Refuge as a whole, up to 48.2 Tg C has been lost to peat oxidation since ditch construction. Both stocks and rates of carbon loss remain higher than post‐disturbance accumulation across most of GDS NWR, suggesting that existing efforts to block drainages to elevate water tables may not be enough to offset carbon losses. Rewetting heavily impacted surface peats may reduce peat oxidation and carbon loss, and shift vegetation toward hydrologic conditions preferred by pre‐disturbance cypress‐tupelo swamps.
A piezoresistive-based 3-axial MEMS tactile sensor and integrated surgical forceps for gastrointestinal endoscopic minimally invasive surgery
Authors: Hou Cheng , Gao Huxin , Yang Xiaoxiao , Xue Guangming , Zuo Xiuli , Li Yanqing , Li Dongsheng , Lu Bo , Ren Hongliang , Liu Huicong , Sun Lining
Published: September 2024

In robotic-assisted surgery (RAS), traditional surgical instruments without sensing capability cannot perceive accurate operational forces during the task, and such drawbacks can be largely intensified when sophisticated tasks involving flexible and slender arms with small end-effectors, such as in gastrointestinal endoscopic surgery (GES). In this study, we propose a microelectromechanical system (MEMS) piezoresistive 3-axial tactile sensor for GES forceps, which can intuitively provide surgeons with online force feedback during robotic surgery. The MEMS fabrication process facilitates sensor chips with miniaturized dimensions. The fully encapsulated tactile sensors can be effortlessly integrated into miniature GES forceps, which feature a slender diameter of just 3.5 mm and undergo meticulous calibration procedures via the least squares method. Through experiments, the sensor’s ability to accurately measure directional forces up to 1.2 N in the Z axis was validated, demonstrating an average relative error of only 1.18% compared with the full-scale output. The results indicate that this tactile sensor can provide effective 3-axial force sensing during surgical operations, such as grasping and pulling, and in ex vivo testing with a porcine stomach. The compact size, high precision, and integrability of the sensor establish solid foundations for clinical application in the operating theater.
Creating a bacterium that forms eukaryotic nucleosome core particles
Authors: Jing Xinyun , Zhang Niubing , Zhou Xiaojuan , Chen Ping , Gong Jie , Zhang Kaixiang , Wu Xueting , Cai Wenjuan , Ye Bang-Ce , Hao Pei , Zhao Guo-ping , Yang Sheng , Li Xuan
Published: September 2024

The nucleosome is one of the hallmarks of eukaryotes, a dynamic platform that supports many critical functions in eukaryotic cells. Here, we engineer the in vivo assembly of the nucleosome core in the model bacterium Escherichia coli. We show that bacterial chromosome DNA and eukaryotic histones can assemble in vivo to form nucleosome complexes with many features resembling those found in eukaryotes. The formation of nucleosomes in E. coli was visualized with atomic force microscopy and using tripartite split green fluorescent protein. Under a condition that moderate histones expression was induced at 1 µM IPTG, the nucleosome-forming bacterium is viable and has sustained growth for at least 110 divisions in longer-term growth experiments. It exhibits stable nucleosome formation, a consistent transcriptome across passages, and reduced growth fitness under stress conditions. In particular, the nucleosome arrays in E. coli genic regions have profiles resembling those in eukaryotic cells. The observed compatibility between the eukaryotic nucleosome and the bacterial chromosome machinery may reflect a prerequisite for bacteria-archaea union, providing insight into eukaryogenesis and the origin of the nucleosome.
Molecular architecture of chitin and chitosan-dominated cell walls in zygomycetous fungal pathogens by solid-state NMR
Authors: Cheng Qinghui , Dickwella Widanage Malitha C. , Yarava Jayasubba Reddy , Ankur Ankur , Latgé Jean-Paul , Wang Ping , Wang Tuo
Published: September 2024

Zygomycetous fungal infections pose an emerging medical threat among individuals with compromised immunity and metabolic abnormalities. Our pathophysiological understanding of these infections, particularly the role of fungal cell walls in growth and immune response, remains limited. Here we conducted multidimensional solid-state NMR analysis to examine cell walls in five Mucorales species, including key mucormycosis causative agents like Rhizopus and Mucor species. We show that the rigid core of the cell wall primarily comprises highly polymorphic chitin and chitosan, with minimal quantities of β-glucans linked to a specific chitin subtype. Chitosan emerges as a pivotal molecule preserving hydration and dynamics. Some proteins are entrapped within this semi-crystalline chitin/chitosan layer, stabilized by the sidechains of hydrophobic amino acid residues, and situated distantly from β-glucans. The mobile domain contains galactan- and mannan-based polysaccharides, along with polymeric α-fucoses. Treatment with the chitin synthase inhibitor nikkomycin removes the β-glucan-chitin/chitosan complex, leaving the other chitin and chitosan allomorphs untouched while simultaneously thickening and rigidifying the cell wall. These findings shed light on the organization of Mucorales cell walls and emphasize the necessity for a deeper understanding of the diverse families of chitin synthases and deacetylases as potential targets for novel antifungal therapies.
The impact of lenvatinib on sarcopenia in patients with advanced unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Praktiknjo Michael , Pena Solano Ana S. , Sadeghlar Farsaneh , Welchowski Thomas , Schmid Matthias , Möhring Christian , Zhou Taotao , Mahn Robert , Monin Malte B. , Meyer Carsten , Feldmann Georg , Brossart Peter , van Beekum Cornelius , Semaan Alexander , Matthaei Hanno , Manekeller Steffen , Sprinkart Alois M. , Nowak Sebastian , Luetkens Julian , Kalff Jörg C. , Strassburg Christian P. , González-Carmona Maria A.
Published: September 2024

Lenvatinib is a multiple receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) approved for first-line treatment of patients with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). TKI are suspected of exacerbating muscle loss in patients with cancer. In this study, we analyze the role of muscle loss in patients with advanced HCC treated with lenvatinib. This is a retrospective analysis of a real-life cohort of 25 patients with advanced HCC who were treated with lenvatinib from 2018 to March 2021 in Germany. Patients were stratified for loss of skeletal muscle area during the first three months of lenvatinib therapy. Overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS) and toxicity were analyzed for all patients, especially regarding loss of muscle before and during the first three months of therapy with lenvatinib. Three months after beginning of therapy with lenvatinib, a significant reduction of muscle mass was observed in 60% of patients (p = 0.035). Despite increase of loss of skeletal muscle, patients benefitted from lenvatinib in our cohort of patients in terms of OS and PFS and did not experience increased toxicity. Furthermore, muscle loss was not a negative predictor of survival in the univariate analysis (p = 0.675). Patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma experience muscle loss with lenvatinib therapy. However, despite progressive muscle loss, patients benefit from a therapy with lenvatinib in terms of OS and PFS without increased toxicity. However, assessment and prophylaxis of skeletal muscle status should be recommended during a therapy with lenvatinib.
The impact of the tumor microenvironment on the survival of penile cancer patients
Authors: Lohse Stefan , Mink Jan Niklas , Eckhart Lea , Hans Muriel Charlotte , Jusufi Leuart , Zwick Anabel , Mohr Tobias , Bley Isabelle Ariane , Khalmurzaev Oybek , Matveev Vsevolod Borisovich , Loertzer Philine , Pryalukhin Alexey , Hartmann Arndt , Geppert Carol-Immanuel , Loertzer Hagen , Wunderlich Heiko , Lenhof Hans-Peter , Naumann Carsten Maik , Kalthoff Holger , Junker Kerstin
Published: September 2024

PeCa is a rare entity with rising incidence rates due to increased infections with human papillomaviruses (HPV). The distinct subtypes of PeCa with an individual pathogenesis demand biomarkers for a precise patient risk assessment regarding disease progression and therapeutic susceptibility. We recently identified promising candidates associated with an HPV-instructed tumor microenvironment (TME) using HPV-positive PeCa cell lines and tissue microarrays (TMA). The capacity of HPV + p63 + PeCa cells to release neutrophil-attracting CXCL-8 provided a molecular link explaining the infiltration of CD15 + myeloid cells in PeCa specimens. The candidate biomarkers HPV, p63, CD15, DKK1, and CD147 linked a tumor-promoting TME with a higher TNM classification reflecting more aggressive and metastasizing cancers. Based on immune-reactive scores (IRS) from TMA staining for these biomarkers, we calculated correlations and conducted association analyses to assess the degree of relationship between all biomarkers. We then conducted Kaplan–Meier survival estimates and Cox regression analyses to delineate the impact on PeCa patient survival. There is a notable predictive potential regarding the survival of patients with biomarker profiles beyond the potency of the individual biomarker. From all candidate biomarkers and biomarker profiles, the combination of CD147 and infiltrating CD15 + cells linked to an active HPV-driven transformation displayed cancer-immune dynamics with dismal prognosis for patients. After deciphering relevant interdependencies, the HPV + CD147 + CD15 + status was the most potent profile predicting metastasis-free survival of PeCa patients. The results of this report underscore the need for analysis of the TME and the development of multi-parameter composite scores that reflect fundamental cancer-immune relationships to tailor therapeutic interventions based on actual cancer immune dynamics.
Determination of biogeochemical properties in sea waters using the inversion of the three-stream irradiance model
Authors: Lazzari Paolo , Gharbi Dit Kacem Mirna , Álvarez Eva , Chernov Ilya , Vellucci Vincenzo
Published: September 2024

Inversion models, in the context of oceanography, relate the observed ocean color to the concentrations of the different biogeochemical components present in the water of the ocean. However, building accurate inversion models can be quite complex due to the many factors that can influence the observed ocean color, such as variations in the composition or the optical properties of biogeochemical products. Here we assess the feasibility of the inversion approach, by implementing the three-stream light inversion model in a one-dimensional water column configuration, represented at the BOUSSOLE site in the northwestern Mediterranean Sea. Moreover, we provide a comprehensive sensitivity analysis of the model’s skill by perturbing the parameters of the bio-optical properties and phytoplankton physiology. Analysis of the inversion indicates that the model is able to reconstruct the variability of the optical constituents. Results indicate that chlorophyll-a and coloured dissolved organic matter play a major role in light modulation. The sensitivity analysis shows that the parameterization of the ratio of chlorophyll-a to carbon is important for the performance of the inversion model. A coherent inversion model, as presented, can be used as an observational operator to assimilate remote sensing reflectance.
Defect related anomalous mobility of small polarons in dielectric oxides at the example of congruent lithium niobate
Authors: Pfannstiel Anton , Imlau Mirco , Bazzan Marco , Vittadello Laura
Published: September 2024

Polarons play a major role in the description of optical, electrical and dielectrical properties of several ferroelectric oxides. The motion of those particles occurs by elementary hops among the material lattice sites. In order to compute macroscopic transport parameters such as charge mobility, normal (i.e. Fickian) diffusion laws are generally assumed. In this paper we show that when defect states able to trap the polarons for long times are considered, significant deviations from the normal diffusion behaviour arise. As an example of this behavior, we consider here the case of lithium niobate (LN). This can be considered as a prototypical system, having a rich landscape of interacting polaron types and for which a significant wealth of information is available in literature. Our analysis considers the case of a stoichiometric, defect-free lithium niobate containing a certain concentration of small electron polarons hopping on regular Nb sites, and compares it to the material in congruent composition, which is generally found in real-life applications and which is characterized by a large concentration of antisite NbLi defects. While in the first case the charge carriers are free polarons hopping on a regular Nb sublattice, in the second case a fraction of polarons is trapped on antisite defects. Thus, in the congruent material, a range of different hopping possibilities arises, depending on the type of starting and destination sites. We develop a formalism encompassing all these microscopic processes in the framework of a switching diffusion model which can be well approximated by a mobile–immobile transport model providing explicit expressions for the polaron mobility. Finally, starting from the Marcus–Holstein’s model for the polaron hopping frequency we verify by means of a Monte Carlo approach the diffusion/mobility of the different polarons species showing that, while free polarons obey the laws for normal diffusion as expected, bound polarons follow an anomalous diffusion behaviour and that in the case of the congruent crystal where mixed free and bound polaron transport is involved, our expressions indeed provide a satisfactory description.
Establishing complexity targets to enhance artificial reef designs
Authors: Riera Elisabeth , Mauroy Benjamin , Francour Patrice , Hubas Cédric
Published: September 2024

Artificial reefs (AR), which are integral tools for fish management, ecological reconciliation and restoration efforts, require non-polluting materials and intricate designs that mimic natural habitats. Despite their three-dimensional complexity, current designs nowadays rely on empirical methods that lack standardised pre-immersion assessment. To improve ecosystem integration, we propose to evaluate 3-dimensional Computer-aided Design (3D CAD) models using a method inspired by functional ecology principles. Based on existing metrics, we assess geometric (C-convexity, P-packing, D-fractal dimension) and informational complexity (R-specific richness, H- diversity, J-evenness). Applying these metrics to different reefs constructed for habitat protection, biomass production and bio-mimicry purposes, we identify potential complexity target points (CTPs). This method provides a framework for improving the effectiveness of artificial reef design by allowing for the adjustment of structural properties. These CTPs represent the first step in enhancing AR designs. We can refine them by evaluating complexity metrics derived from 3D reconstructions of natural habitats to advance bio-mimicry efforts. In situ, post-immersion studies can help make the CTPs more specific for certain species of interest by exploring complexity-diversity or complexity-species distribution relationships at the artificial reef scale.
Comparison of manual versus automated thermal lid therapy with expression for meibomian gland dysfunction in patients with dry eye disease
Authors: Gomez Maria Laura , Jung Jasmine , Gonzales Daisy D. , Shacterman Sarah , Afshari Natalie , Cheng Lingyun
Published: September 2024

To compare two types of lipid expression procedures to treat dry eye disease. Standardized treatment and evaluation methods were used in patients treated with either manual thermoelectric lipid expression (MiBoFlo) or automated lipid expression (Lipiflow) of the Meibomian glands. This was a contemporaneous, non-randomized study of both treatment methods. Treatment was per the manufacturers’ recommendation. The primary outcome included two types of dry eye questionnaires as well as objective analysis of ocular surface including tear break up time, Schirmer testing, Osmolarity, and fluorescein staining. Baseline characteristics analyzed included floppy lid, conjunctivochalasis and lagophthalmos. Statistical analysis was performed correcting for baseline factors such as age and co existing pathology using multivariable analysis. Both treatments improved the results of the OSDI and SPEED dry eye questionnaire results. Both treatments resulted in improvement of many objective findings including SPK, lissamine green staining and tear break up time with the MiBoFlo showing more improvement than Lipiflow. OSDI was more sensitive to improvement of symptoms than the SPEED questionnaire. Manual expression with MiBoFlo device resulted in statistically more improvement in questionnaire scores than did automated expression with Lipiflow. Negative prognostic factors for symptomatic improvement included blepharitis, autoimmune disease and ocular allergies. Thermal lid therapy along with mechanical expression of lipids from the meibomian glands successfully treats dry eye symptoms and signs. Manual therapy with MiBoFlo resulted in more subjective and objective improvement scores than automated therapy with the Lipiflow device.
Azolla pinnata as a phytoremediator: improves germination, growth and yield of maize irrigated with Ni-polluted water
Authors: Zeid Ibrahim , Ghaly Essra Khaled , Shedeed Zeinab Ashour
Published: September 2024

The removal of pollutants from the environment has become a global demand. The current study aimed to relieve the Ni toxicity effect on the germination, growth, and grain yield of maize by using Azolla pinnata as a phytoremediator. Azolla-treated and untreated nickel solutions [0 (control), 24, 70, 140 and 190 ppm] were applied for germination and pot experiments. Electron microscope examination cleared the Ni accumulation in Azolla’s cell vacuole and its adsorption on the cell wall. The inhibition of the hydrolytic enzyme activity reduces maize germination; maximal inhibition was 57.1% at 190 ppm of Ni compared to the control (100%). During vegetative growth, Ni stimulated the generation of H2O2 (0.387 mM g−1 F Wt at 190 ppm of Ni), which induced maximal lipid peroxidation (3.913 µMDA g−1 F Wt) and ion leakage (74.456%) compared to control. Chlorophyll content and carbon fixation also showed significant reductions at all Ni concentrations; at 190 ppm, they showed maximum reductions of 56.2 and 63%, respectively. However, detoxification enzymes’ activity such as catalase and antioxidant substances (phenolics) increased. The highest concentration of Ni (190 ppm) had the most effect on constraining yield, reaching zero for the weight of 100 grains at 190 ppm of Ni. Azolla-treated Ni solutions amended all determinant parameters, indicating a high percentage of changes in hydrolytic enzyme activity (125.2%) during germination, chlorophyll content (77.6%) and photosynthetic rate (120.1%). Growth measurements, carbon fixation, and yield components showed a positive association. Thus, we recommended using Azolla as a cost-effective and eco-friendly strategy to recover Ni-polluted water.
Expression of Intelectin-1, also known as Omentin-1, is related to clinical phenotypes such as overweight, obesity, insulin resistance, and changes after bariatric surgery
Authors: Czechowski Paul , Hagemann Tobias , Ghosh Adhideb , Sun Wenfei , Dong Hua , Noé Falko , Niersmann Corinna , Reinisch Isabel , Wolfrum Christian , Herder Christian , Dietrich Arne , Blüher Matthias , Hoffmann Anne
Published: September 2024

Intelectin-1 (ITLN1; also Omentin-1, OMNT1) is secreted by adipose tissue (AT) and plays an important role in glucose metabolism regulation, with links to obesity-associated diseases. ITLN1 activity so far has rarely been investigated using RNA-sequencing and in larger cohorts. We evaluated ITLN1 expression among three clinical cohorts of the Leipzig Obesity BioBank—a cross-sectional cohort comprising of 1480 people, a cohort of people with metabolically healthy or unhealthy obesity (31 insulin-sensitive, 42 insulin-resistant individuals with obesity), and a longitudinal two-step bariatric surgery cohort (n = 65). We hypothesized that AT ITLN1 expression is associated with serum omentin-1, clinical parameters associated with obesity, and with weight loss after bariatric surgery. We also investigated the correlation of AT ITLN1 expression with genes related to inflammatory response, lipid metabolism, obesity, and regulation of energy balance. Likewise, we inspected gene group expression and metabolic pathways associated with ITLN1 expression using gene set enrichment and gene correlation analysis. We show that ITLN1 expression differs in VAT and SAT, and should therefore be analyzed separately. Furthermore, ITLN1 expression increases with VAT tissue mass, but is negatively affected by AT tissue dysfunction among individuals with unhealthy obesity, corroborated by interplay with genes related to tissue inflammation. Gene set enrichment and gene correlation analysis of ITLN1 expression suggest that AT ITLN1 expression is related to local inflammatory processes in AT, but also in processes such as regulation of appetite, energy balance, and maintenance of body weight.
Variations in deep-sea methane seepage linked to millennial-scale changes in bottom water temperatures ~ 50–6 ka, NW Svalbard margin
Authors: Rasmussen Tine L. , El bani Altuna Naima , Thomsen Erik
Published: September 2024

During the last glaciation, the northern hemisphere experienced profound millennial-scale changes (termed Dansgaard-Oeschger (DO) events) in atmospheric and oceanic temperatures. In the North Atlantic, the fluctuations resulted in extremely unstable bottom water conditions with bottom water temperatures (BWT) varying up to > 5 °C. We have studied these changes in a core from 1,300 m water depth at Vestnesa Ridge, northwestern Svalbard margin to investigate a possible connection between BWT and seepage of methane from the seafloor covering the period ~ 50–6 ka. Beneath Vestnesa Ridge, gas hydrates containing vast amounts of methane are kept stable due to the high pressure and low temperatures. Release of gas is shown by numerous pockmarks on the seafloor. The pockmarks at 1,300 m water depth are presently inactive, but they bear witness of earlier activity. Our study shows that from ~ 50–6 ka, the core site experienced repeated increases in BWT and in the emissions of gas, both following the pattern of the DO events. This correspondence in time scale indicates that BWT was the primary forcing factor for the variability in methane release. However, the releases were delayed by up to > 1,000 years compared to the initial increase in BWT.
Effect of Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus IDCC 3201 on irritable bowel syndrome with constipation: a randomized, double-blind, and placebo-controlled trial
Authors: Kwon Hyeji , Nam Eoun Ho , Kim Hayoung , Jo Haneul , Bang Won Yeong , Lee Minjee , Shin Hyeonmin , Kim Dana , Kim Jeongho , Kim Hyejin , Lee Jongkyun , Jung Young Hoon , Yang Jungwoo , Won Daeyoun David , Shin Minhye
Published: September 2024

Irritable bowel syndrome is a chronic disorder affecting the gastrointestinal tract, negatively impacting patients’ quality of life. Here, we aimed to evaluate the effects of Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus IDCC 3201 (RH 3201) on irritable bowel syndrome with constipation (IBS-C). In this randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, a total of 30 subjects with IBS-C were randomly assigned (1:1) to receive 8 weeks of probiotics administration or placebo. Concerning bowel activities, both irritant bowel movements and discomfort caused by constipation showed significant improvement with RH 3201 at 8 weeks. Symptoms including severity of abdominal bloating, frequency of abdominal bloating, and satisfaction of bowel habits based on the irritable bowel syndrome-severity scoring system also ameliorated in the probiotic group. Analysis of the fecal microbiome revealed that the abundance of Bacteroides cellulosilyticus and Akkermansia muciniphila was higher during the period of RH 3201 administration compared to the placebo. Untargeted metabolome analysis further suggested a correlation between specific metabolites, such as N-acetylornithine, xanthine, and 3-phenylpropionic acid, and the improvement of clinical symptoms. These results indicate that RH 3201 was effective in ameliorating IBS-C, potentially by enriching beneficial microbes and associated metabolites in the gut environment.
Identification of potential new T cell activation molecules: a Bioinformatic Approach
Authors: Morales-Martínez Mario , Andón-García David , Patiño-Santiago Karla Aimee , Parga-Ortega Jesús Miguel , Hernández-Hernández Abrahan , Aquino-Jarquin Guillermo , Patino-Lopez Genaro
Published: September 2024

T-cell activation is central for the initiation of T cell mediated adaptive immune response and is the result of the close communication between the Antigen Presenting Cell (APC) and the T lymphocyte. Although T-cell activation is currently well understood, and many intracellular pathways are well characterized, nevertheless new players are constantly identified, and this complements the known protein interactome. In this work we aimed to identify new proteins involved in T cell activation. We reviewed and analyzed results of microarray gene expression datasets reported in the public database GEO-NCBI. Using data from GSE136625, GSE50971, GSE13887, GSE11989 and GSE902 we performed different comparisons using R and other bioinformatic tools including GEO2R and we report here upregulated genes that have no previous reports in immune related functions and with potential participation upon T-cell activation. Our results indicate that RND3, SYT10, IgSF6 and PIN1 are potential new T-cell activation molecules.
The paradox of argument strength: how weak arguments undermine the persuasive effects of strong arguments
Authors: Obermaier Magdalena , Koch Thomas
Published: September 2024

This paper analyzes effects of the mutual presentation of weak and strong arguments. Departing from the prevalent “the-more-the-better” heuristic, our research scrutinizes whether the inclusion of weak arguments enhances or diminishes the persuasive impact of strong arguments. Leveraging insights from judgment formation literature, we conducted four experimental studies on political and health-related topics to unravel whether the presenting weak arguments strengthens the persuasive effect of a strong argument (adding) or actually weakens this persuasive effect (averaging). The results show that providing supporting arguments of moderate strength along with a strong argument increases persuasion, representing an additive pattern. However, presenting weak supporting arguments along with a strong argument reduces the persuasive effect of the strong argument, representing an averaging pattern. Exposure to weak arguments diminishes the strength of strong ones, suggesting the omission of weak arguments. These findings underscore the vital role of strategically selecting arguments to optimize persuasion across disciplines.
Evaluating land use and climate change impacts on Ravi river flows using GIS and hydrological modeling approach
Authors: Ullah Sami , Ali Usman , Rashid Muhammad , Haider Saif , Kisi Ozgur , Vishwakarma Dinesh Kumar , Raza Ali , Alataway Abed , Dewidar Ahmed Z. , Mattar Mohamed A.
Published: September 2024

The study investigates the interplay of land use dynamics and climate change on the hydrological regime of the Ravi River using a comprehensive approach integrating Geographic Information System (GIS), remote sensing, and hydrological modeling at the catchment scale. Employing the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model, simulations were conducted to evaluate the hydrological response of the Ravi River to both current conditions and projected future scenarios of land use and climate change. This study differs from previous ones by simulating future land use and climate scenarios, offering a solid framework for understanding their impact on river flow dynamics. Model calibration and validation were performed for distinct periods (1999–2002 and 2003–2005), yielding satisfactory performance indicators (NSE, R2, PBIAS = 0.85, 0.83, and 10.01 in calibration and 0.87, 0.89, and 7.2 in validation). Through supervised classification techniques on Landsat imagery and TerrSet modeling, current and future land use maps were generated, revealing a notable increase in built-up areas from 1990 to 2020 and projections indicating further expansion by 31.7% from 2020 to 2100. Climate change projections under different socioeconomic pathways (SSP2 and SSP5) were derived for precipitation and temperature, with statistical downscaling applied using the CMhyd model. Results suggest substantial increases in precipitation (10.9 − 14.9%) and temperature (12.2 − 15.9%) across the SSP scenarios by the end of the century. Two scenarios, considering future climate conditions with current and future land use patterns, were analyzed to understand their combined impact on hydrological responses. In both scenarios, inflows to the Ravi River are projected to rise significantly (19.4 − 28.4%) from 2016 to 2100, indicating a considerable alteration in seasonal flow patterns. Additionally, historical data indicate a concerning trend of annual groundwater depth decline (0.8 m/year) from 1996 to 2020, attributed to land use and climate changes. The findings underscore the urgency for planners and managers to incorporate climate and land cover considerations into their strategies, given the potential implications for water resource management and environmental sustainability.
The measurement of plasma fructosamine as a diagnostic tool to improve the interpretation of plasma glucose and proteins in alpacas (Vicugna pacos)
Authors: Kiene Frederik , Buchallik-Schregel Johannes , Röhrig Petra , Neubert Saskia , von Altrock Alexandra , Bauer Benjamin U. , Nicolaisen Thies J. , Schmicke Marion , Ganter Martin , Wagener Matthias Gerhard
Published: September 2024

This study assesses the use of fructosamine as a diagnostic tool for hyperglycemia in alpacas in view of their sensitivity to stress and susceptibility to conditions like lipid mobilization syndrome. Plasma fructosamine, like in diagnosing diabetes in cats and dogs, can reveal long-term blood glucose trends, differentiating stress-induced spikes from persistent diabetic hyperglycemia. In 125 alpacas presented as patients of a veterinary clinic, plasma glucose and fructosamine concentrations were compared for correlations with findings of the general clinical examination, laboratory parameters, demographic data, and a behavioral stress assessment processed by using principal component analysis. Hyperglycemia was observed on admission of 71% (89/125) of the animals. This was significantly associated with a higher concentration of serum cortisol and a higher behavioral stress scoring. Fructosamine above the reference limit was detected in only 15% (13/89) of the hyperglycemic individuals. In addition to a positive correlation of fructosamine to glucose concentration, positive relationships with different plasma proteins were detected. A relationship to stress parameters was not observed. These findings underscore stress as a significant trigger for hyperglycemia in alpacas and suggest fructosamine as a valuable parameter for distinguishing between stress-induced and diabetic hyperglycemia. However, the dependence of fructosamine formation on total plasma protein concentration should be considered to avoid misinterpretation.
WingAnalogy: a computer vision-based tool for automated insect wing asymmetry and morphometry analysis
Authors: Eshghi Shahab , Rajabi Hamed , Matushkina Natalia , Claußen Lisa , Poser Johannes , Büscher Thies H. , Gorb Stanislav N.
Published: September 2024

WingAnalogy is a computer tool for automated insect wing morphology and asymmetry analysis. It facilitates project management, enabling users to import pairs of wing images obtained from individual insects, such as left and right, fore- and hindwings. WingAnalogy employs image processing and computer vision to segment wing structures and extract cell boundaries, and junctions. It quantifies essential metrics encompassing cell and wing characteristics, including area, length, width, circularity, and centroid positions. It enables users to scale and superimpose wing images utilizing Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO). WingAnalogy computes regression, Normalized Root Mean Square Error (NRMSE), various cell-based parameters, and distances between cell centroids and junctions. The software generates informative visualizations, aiding researchers in comprehending and interpreting asymmetry patterns. WingAnalogy allows for dividing wings into up to five distinct wing cell sets, facilitating localized comparisons. The software excels in report generation, providing detailed asymmetry measurements in PDF, CSV, and TXT formats.
Movement synchrony among dance performers predicts brain synchrony among dance spectators
Authors: Orgs Guido , Vicary Staci , Sperling Matthias , Richardson Daniel C. , Williams Adrian L.
Published: September 2024

Performing dance is an intrinsically social art form where at least one person moves while another person watches. Dancing in groups promotes social bonding, but how does group dance affect the people watching? A group of dancers and dance novices watched a 30 min dance video individually in an fMRI scanner. In a follow-up behavioural study, the same people watched the video again and provided continuous enjoyment ratings. Firstly, we computed cross-recurrence of continuous enjoyment ratings and inter-subject correlations (ISCs) in fMRI separately for both groups, and with the choreographer of the dance work. At both behavioural and neural levels, dancers responded more similarly to each other than novices. ISCs among dancers extended beyond brain areas involved in audio-visual integration and sensory areas of human movement perception into motor areas, suggesting greater sensorimotor familiarity with the observed dance movements in the expert group. Secondly, we show that dancers’ brain activations and continuous ratings are more similar to the choreographer’s ratings in keeping with sharing an aesthetic and artistic perspective when viewing the dance. Thirdly, we show that movement synchrony among performers is the best predictor of brain synchrony among both expert and novice spectators. This is consistent with the idea that changes in emergent movement synchrony are a key aesthetic feature of performing dance. Finally, ISCs across perceptual and motor brain areas were primarily driven by movement acceleration and synchrony, whereas ISCs in orbital and pre-frontal brain areas were overall weaker and better explained by the continuous enjoyment ratings of each group. Our findings provide strong evidence that the aesthetic appreciation of dance involves a common experience between dance spectators and the choreographer. Moreover, the similarity of brain activations and of enjoyment increases with shared knowledge of - and practice in - the artform that is being experienced, in this case contemporary performing dance.
UV-assisted fluctuation-enhanced gas sensing by ink-printed MoS2 devices
Authors: Drozdowska Katarzyna , Smulko Janusz , Czubek Jakub , Rumyantsev Sergey , Kwiatkowski Andrzej
Published: September 2024

In this work, MoS2 flakes were printed on ceramic substrates and investigated toward 1–10 ppm of nitrogen dioxide (NO2), 2–12 ppm of ammonia (NH3), and 2–12 ppm acetone (C3H6O) under UV light (275 nm). The structure of overlapping MoS2 flakes and UV light assistance affected high responsivity to NO2 when DC resistance was monitored, and superior sensitivity to NH3 was obtained from the low-frequency noise spectra. MoS2 exhibited response and recovery times in hundreds of seconds and stability throughout the experiments conducted within a few months. MoS2 sensor exhibited a resistance drift during the detection of a specific relaxation time. Subtracting the baseline burden with exponential drift exposed the direction of changes induced by oxidizing and reducing gases and reduced DL to 80 ppb, 130 ppb, and 360 ppb for NO2, NH3, and C3H6O, respectively. The fluctuation-enhanced sensing (FES) revealed that the adsorption of NO2 on MoS2 decreases the noise intensity, whereas adsorbed NH3 increases the fluctuations of current flowing through the sensor, and these changes are proportional to the concentration of gases. The noise responses for NO2 and NH3 were opposite and higher than DC resistance responses with subtracted baseline (an increase of 50% for 10 ppm of NO2 and an increase of more than 600% for 12 ppm of NH3), showing that FES is a highly sensitive tool to detect and distinguish between these two gases. This way, we introduce a simple and low-cost method of gas sensor fabrication using ink-printed MoS2 and the possibility of enhancing its sensitivity through data processing and the FES method.
Development of a one-pot synthesis of rGO in water by optimizing Tour’s method parameters
Authors: Rossi Andrea , Alladio Eugenio , Drobne Damjana , Hodoroaba Vasile-Dan , Jurkschat Kerstin , Kononenko Veno , Madbouly Loay Akmal , Mrkwitschka Paul , Novak Sara , Radnik Jörg , Saje Špela , Santalucia Rosangela , Sordello Fabrizio , Pellegrino Francesco
Published: September 2024

Since its first synthesis in 2004, graphene has been widely studied and several different synthesis methods has been developed. Solvent exfoliation of graphite and the reduction of graphene oxide previously obtained through graphite oxidation are the most employed. In this work, we exploited synthesis conditions of a method usually employed for obtaining graphene oxide (the Tour’s method) for directly obtaining a very poorly oxidised material with characteristics like reduced graphene oxide. For the first time, a one-pot synthesis of reduced graphene oxide (rGO) is reported avoiding the use of a post-synthesis chemical or thermal reduction of the graphene oxide that requires further reagents, heat and time.
Role of physical activity and sedentary behavior in venous thromboembolism: a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis
Authors: Wang Gangpu , Han Bo , Dai Guofeng , Lian Ying , Hart Melanie L , Rolauffs Bernd , Chen Huanan , Tang Chengbin , Wang Chengqiang
Published: September 2024

Increasing studies have investigated the link between physical activity (PA) and sedentary behavior with venous thromboembolism (VTE) but the existing findings are not consistent and the independent relationship is uncertain. This meta-analysis aimed to comprehensively assess the shape of dose-response relationship between PA and sedentary behavior with VTE and further explore whether the relationship is independent after mutual adjustment. We systematically searched PubMed, Embase and Web of Science from inception to August 1, 2024. PA exposures were converted into MET-h/wk. Categorical meta-analyses and a cubic spline model were performed to evaluate the association between PA, sedentary behavior and VTE. Twenty-five articles including 31 studies were included. A curvilinear dose-response relationship between PA and VTE was observed, with steeper gradients even at lower PA levels. After adjustment for sedentary behavior, higher level of PA was independently associated with a reduced VTE risk (OR = 0.83, 95%CI:0.77–0.89). Based on population attributable fraction analyses, 2.37% (95%CI: 1.90-2.85%) of incident VTE could have been prevented if all adults had achieved half the PA minimum recommended level. A linear dose-response relationship between sedentary behavior and VTE risk was found, and there was a 2% higher risk of VTE (OR = 1.02, 95%CI: 1.00-1.03) for 1 h increment of sedentary behavior per day. After adjustment for PA, sedentary behavior was independently associated with an increased VTE risk (OR = 1.19, 95CI%:1.01–1.39). Our analyses demonstrated PA and sedentary time were indeed independently associated with the risk of VTE after mutually adjusting for sedentary time or PA, highlighting a unique perspective on their individual contributions. Further studies assessing the effects of different combinations of PA and sedentary time for assessing joint effects on VTE are needed.
Effect of mechanical treatment from extrusion process on physicochemical properties of okara cellulose powder
Authors: Kantrong Hataichanok , Aussanasuwannakul Aunchalee , Rodkwan Natita , Chitisankul Wanida Tewaruth
Published: September 2024

Okara is a by-product obtained from soybean milk containing high dietary fiber. This study focused on how to add value to okara by converting it into okara cellulose powder. The feasibility of using mechanical energy from the extrusion process to produce cellulose powder from okara was compared with the traditional mechanical method, hydrothermal and untreated okara powder (SBM). The extrusion process was carried out at different screw speeds (350–450 rpm), amount of water (0.5–1 L per hour), and number of treatment cycles. The physicochemical and functional properties of the okara cellulose powder and specific mechanical energy were analyzed. Results showed that the particle size of samples treated by 6 cycles of extrusion reduced to three times lower than SBM. The sample subjected to hydrothermal and extrusion showed significantly increased swelling ratio, water solubility index (WSI), and antioxidant capacity. However, only the extrusion treatment could improve the rheological properties. Increasing the cycles of extrusion treatment increased the swelling ratio and WSI values. Extrusion altered the color and chemical composition by decreasing the lightness and total dietary fiber. Extrusion treatment was proved to be an effective mechanical method for improving okara properties and converting the by-product into a potentially value-added ingredient for use in future food applications.
Antisolvent-assisted growth of inorganic CsPb(Br,I)3 under ambient conditions
Authors: Hsu Kai-Chieh , Lin Yu-Ting , Chen Chun-An , Chen Po-Han , Lee Shang-Fan , Lee Yi-Hsien
Published: September 2024

Controlling the growth of halide perovskite films under high relative humidity (RH) ambient conditions is significant for practical applications.
Luminescent macroporous aerogels of two-dimensional nanocrystals of metal halide perovskites with adjustable semiconducting bandgaps
Authors: Guo Penghao , Jiang Xuelian , Wang Pei-Xi
Published: September 2024

Semiconducting aerogels with tunable luminescence and photocurrent responses were fabricated by freeze-drying of colloidal cyclohexane dispersions of metal halide perovskites.
Carbon materials for effective purification of aqueous solutions from tributyl phosphate
Authors: Bakhiia Tamuna , Toropov Andrey , Nevolin Iurii , Maslakov Konstantin , Romanchuk Anna , Kalmykov Stepan
Published: September 2024

This study investigates various sorbents for the effective sorption of dissolved organic substances, using tributyl phosphate (TBP) as a model compound.
Bis-thiourea and macrocyclic polyamines as binary organocatalysts for the ROP of lactide
Authors: D'Amato Assunta , Voccia Maria , Bruno Filippo , D'Aniello Sara , Caporaso Lucia , De Riccardis Francesco , Izzo Irene , Della Sala Giorgio , Mazzeo Mina
Published: September 2024

New binary catalysts formed by a bis-thiourea and a series of flexible polyaza-macrocycles are revealed to be efficient catalysts for the ring opening polymerization (ROP) of l-lactide.
Faster decarbonization of heavy industries in low-carbon power grids: using process flexibility for handling grid congestions
Authors: Foslie Sverre Stefanussen , Knudsen Brage Rugstad , Bjarghov Sigurd , Korpås Magnus
Published: September 2024

This work highlights the importance of process flexibility in industry decarbonization, showing it can enhance transmission grid capacity at costs comparable to other grid reinforcement measures, thereby enabling faster electrification of demand.
The development of anti-freezing and anti-evaporating conductive organohydrogel for flexible strain-sensing electronic devices
Authors: Ullah Rafi , Ara Latafat , Khan Muhammad Tahir , Shah Luqman Ali , Akil Hazizan Md , Khan Zafar Ullah , Yoo Hyeong-Min
Published: September 2024

The organohydrogels with excellent flexibility, mechanical strength, conductivity, and response to external stimuli, having stability at subzero temperature were prepared.
Strategies for oxidative synthesis of N-triflyl sulfoximines
Authors: Testen Žan , Jereb Marjan
Published: September 2024

Using different oxidation systems, a large number of N-triflylsulfoximines have been synthesized, some of which have been further functionalized.
Unlocking the Zn storage performance of ammonium vanadate nanoflowers as high-capacity cathodes for aqueous zinc-ion batteries via potassium ion and ethylene glycol co-intercalation engineering
Authors: Chen Ji , Zhang Xiaoyue , Li Yangjie , Li Xiaoying , Zhang Xiaoqin , Chen Yuxiang , Zheng Qiaoji , Wu Xingqiao , Zhang Heng , Tan Xin , Lin Dunmin
Published: September 2024

K+ and ethylene glycol are co-inserted into the intermediate layer of NH4V4O10 to regulate the interplanar spacing, oxygen deficiency, redox activity and micromorphology, boosting the zinc storage activity of the material.
Boosting the efficiency of electrocatalytic water splitting via in situ grown transition metal sulfides: a review
Authors: Jia Haowei , Meng Linghui , Lu Yile , Liang Tianyue , Yuan Yu , Hu Yifan , Dong Zekun , Zhou Yingze , Guan Peiyuan , Zhou Lu , Liu Chao , Li Mengyao , Wan Tao , Ni Bing-Jie , Han Zhaojun , Chu Dewei
Published: September 2024

This review provides an in-depth analysis of the key aspects related to in situ grown TMS electrodes, including the selection of TMS active materials, various substrates, and materials engineering.
Reversible thermochromism of CsPbBr3-doped tellurite glass
Authors: Niu Luyue , Wang Lu , Ye Ying , Zheng Ruilin , Li Wenhao , Yang Jiayue , Liu Chao , Liu Lu , Zheng Xiaoxin , Ren Jing , Zhang Jianzhong
Published: September 2024

Perovskite quantum dots (PQDs) have emerged as a promising research field and dynamic modulation of PQDs could induce reversible color alterations of PQD-doped glass.