bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PERHITUNGAN PULLEY DAN V-BELT VARIO 110
Authors: Priambudi Iqbal , Gusniar Iwan Nugraha
Published: October 2023

Perkembangan dunia industry semakin hari semakin pesat baik itu industry otomotif, elektronik dan lain sebagainnya. Dalam dunia otomotif kita mengenal mesin kendaraan bermotor yang dimana mesin Kendaraan bermotor adalah sebuah mesin atau alat transportasi yang berfungsi sebagai roda kendaraan. V-Belt merupakan salah satu element penghubung daya yang biasa digunakan selain rantai, tapi khusus untuk mesin kompresor V-Belt merupakan element yang selalu digunakan dalam proses perancangannya. V-Belt robek banyak sekali dialami oleh pelaku industri. Hal ini disebabkan bukan semata-mata karena v-belt sudah terlalu lama atau kualitas v-belt yang kurang baik. Dalam penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana alur dari perancangan sebuah V-belt dan mengetahui perkiraan umur V-belt dari hasil perancangan Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu observasi langsung dan menghitung rancangan v-belt motor honda vario 110cc sehingga bisa disimpulkan dalam penelitian ini kendaraan bermesin penggerak 7000 Rpm dengan daya rencana 10.5 Kw dapat digunakan V-Belt type A dengan kode V-Belt A590 atau 3V590 (perbedaan yang signifikan untuk Belt berkode A590 dan 3V590 adalah terletak pada bahan dan kelenturan dari belt itu sendiri yang memang 3V590 di desain untuk Heavy Duty / Pekerjaan dengan beban tinggi ) yang diketahui memiliki tegangan maksimum sebesar 138,8 N. Yang dimana dapat diperkirakan pula umur dari V-Belt tersebut ialah 5380,98 Jam Kerja sebelum kemudian dapat diganti dengan yang baru.AbstractThe development of the industrial world is getting faster day by day, whether it's the automotive industry, electronics and so on. In the automotive world, we know the engine of a motor vehicle, where the engine of a motorized vehicle is a machine or means of transportation that functions as a vehicle wheel. V-Belt is one of the power connecting elements commonly used in addition to chains, but specifically for compressor engines, the V-Belt is an element that is always used in the design process. A lot of industry players have torn V-Belts. This is not solely due to the fact that the v-belt is too old or the quality of the v-belt is not good. This study aims to find out how the flow of designing a V-belt and knowing the estimated age of the V-belt from the design results. The method used in this study is direct observation and calculating the v-belt design for Honda Vario 110cc motorcycles so that it can be concluded in this study the vehicle 7000 Rpm driving engine with a design power of 10.5 Kw can be used V-Belt type A with V-Belt code A590 or 3V590 (a significant difference for Belt coded A590 and 3V590 lies in the material and flexibility of the belt itself which is indeed 3V590 designed for Heavy Duty / work with high load) which is known to have a maximum stress of 138.8 N. It is also possible to estimate the age of the V-Belt is 5380.98 Working Hours before it can be replaced with a new one.
PERANCANGAN RODA GIGI HELIX PADA RODA GARDAN MOTOR HONDA VARIO 110 CC
Authors: Gusniar Iwan Nugraha , Andi Andi
Published: October 2023

Semakin berjalannya waktu, teknologi didunia maupun di Indonesia semakin berkembang pesat, sehingga program pendidikan perguruan tinggi dikembangkan sebagai tempat pemeliharaan, penelitian, dan pengembangan . Salah satu kendaraan yang sering kita jumpai di jalan raya yaitu sepeda motor. Sepeda motor merupakan kendaraan yang terdiri dari berbagai macam komponen yang digabungkan, komponen yang terdapat disepeda motor saling mendukung dan terpadu sehingga berfungsi sebagaimana mustinya. Penelitian ini akan menghitung suatu kendaraan bermotor yaitu Honda Vario 110cc. Rumusan masalah dalam penelitian ini yaitu bagaimana prinsip kerja serta fungsi sebuah roda gigi dalam elemen mesin dan bagaimana perhitungan roda gigi dalam elemen mesin. Komponen motor yang akan dihitung adalah sebuah roda gigi miring dari bagian roda gigi garda. Dengan Menggunakan data yang dimiliki maka dilakukan analisis, berdasarkan dari hasil persamaan lewis menggunakan metode hit and trial didapat nilai modul roda gigi 1 = 9,5 mm dan modul roda gigi 2 = 10 mm. Beban nominal roda gigi diperoleh 9409 N/mm2dan beban efektif sebesar 3640 N/mm2. Dari hasil perhitungan diatas kemudian diperoleh umur gigi perjam pada roda gigi 1 sebesar 0,000047 dan pada roda gigi 2 sebesar 0,001766 perjam.
Molecular and temporal control of restimulation-induced cell death (RICD) in T lymphocytes
Authors: Lee Katherine P. , Epstein Benjamin , Lake Camille M. , Snow Andrew L.
Published: October 2023

For effective adaptive immunity, T lymphocytes must rapidly expand and contract in an antigen-specific manner to effectively control invading pathogens and preserve immunological memory, without sustaining excessive collateral damage to host tissues. Starting from initial antigen encounter, carefully calibrated programmed cell death pathways are critical for maintaining homeostasis over distinct phases of the T cell response. Restimulation-induced cell death (RICD), a self-regulatory apoptosis pathway triggered by re-engagement of the T cell receptor (TCR), is particularly important for constraining effector T cell expansion to preclude overt immunopathology; indeed, genetic disorders affecting key molecules involved in RICD execution can manifest in excessive lymphoproliferation, malignancy, and autoimmunity. Herein we review our current knowledge of how RICD sensitivity is ultimately regulated over the course of an immune response, including recent revelations on molecules that tune RICD by enforcing resistance or promoting susceptibility in expanding versus mature effector T cells, respectively. Detailed dissection of the molecular and temporal control of RICD also illuminates novel therapeutic strategies for correcting abnormal T cell responses noted in various immune disorders by ultimately tuning RICD sensitivity.
Characterization of HIV-1 CRF02_AG/A3/G unique recombinant forms identified among children in Larkana, Pakistan
Authors: Rashid Abdur , Kang Li , Yi Feng , Mir Fatima , Getaneh Yimam , Shao Yiming , Abidi Syed Hani
Published: October 2023

Co-circulation of different human immunodeficiency virus type 1 HIV-1 subtypes among infected populations can lead to the generation of new recombinants. In Pakistan, subtype A1 and CRF02_AG are the dominant strains circulating among key populations. The high prevalence of new HIV infections among the key populations highlights the possibility of recombination between the dominant strains, which can lead to the generation of new recombinants. Here, we identified a recombinant cluster composed of CRF02_AG, sub-subtype A3, and subtype G among HIV-infected children in Larkana. For the study, 10 retrospectively collected samples, with recombination signals in the pol gene, were used to perform a near full-length genome NFLG sequencing. Of the 10 samples, NFLG was successfully sequenced from seven samples. Phylogenetic analysis of the seven NFLGs showed that all recombinants formed a distinct monophyletic cluster and were distinct from known HIV-1 circulating recombinant forms CRFs. Recombination analyses showed that all seven NFLGs shared a similar recombinant structure consisting of CRF02_AG, sub-subtype A3, and subtype G, with a sub-subtype A3 fragment inserted into pol and vif regions spanning from (HXB2: 4218-5518), and a subtype G fragment inserted into vpu, rev, tat and env regions spanning from (HXB2: 5957-8250) of the CRF02_AG backbone. The identification of unique recombinant forms may indicate the presence and transmission of several co-circulating lineages in Larkana, giving rise to newer CRFs. This study also highlights the importance of continuous molecular surveillance to fully understand HIV-1 genetic diversity in Pakistan, particularly in Larkana, which is the epicenter of HIV outbreaks.
Not “just a bad period”— The impact of a co-created endometriosis social media health campaign: a mixed methods study
Authors: Stanek Ditte Bonde , Hestbjerg Ida , Hansen Karina Ejgaard , Tomlinson Maria Kathryn , Kirk Ulrik Bak
Published: October 2023

Objective

The goal of this study was to evaluate the impact of a visual social media health campaign. The #1in10 campaign was co-created by the Danish Endometriosis Patient Association and women with endometriosis.

Methods

Seven semi-structured interviews were conducted with campaign participants to evaluate their experience of participating. The interviews were then analyzed thematically. Social media metrics on the reach of the campaign were gathered to assess how the campaign had performed.

Results

Seven themes were identified in the interviews: (1) Taboo, (2) Visibility, (3) Awareness, (4) Acknowledgment, (5) Empowerment, (6) Patient Experts, and (7) Community. Throughout the interviews, the women conveyed that they found their participation in the campaign meaningful, as it contributed to creating awareness and recognition of a disease otherwise surrounded by taboo and stigma. Social media metrics show how the #1in10 campaign reached both people inside and outside the endometriosis community. Across the FEMaLe Project's three social media platforms, 208 (51.5%) of engagements were with patients with endometriosis, 96 (23.7%) were with FEMaLe employees and advisers, 94 (23.3%) were with the general public, and 6 (1.5%) were with policymakers. In the month the #1in10 campaign was released, the FEMaLe Project's Twitter and Instagram accounts had more impressions than almost any other month that year (except January on Twitter and November on Instagram). The FEMaLe Project's LinkedIn had the same number of impressions as in other months.

Discussion

The study shows that the #1in10 social media campaign had an impact on three levels: on an individual level for the participating patients, on a communal level for people with endometriosis, and on a wider societal level. The participating patients felt empowered by their involvement with the campaign and the act of coming forward. The participants acted on behalf of their community of people with endometriosis, in the hopes that it would raise awareness and acknowledgment. In return, the community engaged with the campaign and added significantly to the dissemination of its message. On a societal level the campaign has caught particular attention and engagement compared to other posts made on the same social media accounts.
Pericoronary radiomics texture features associated with hypercholesterolemia on a photon-counting-CT
Authors: Kahmann Jannik , Tharmaseelan Hishan , Riffel Philipp , Overhoff Daniel , Papavassiliu Theano , Schoenberg Stefan O. , Froelich Matthias F. , Ayx Isabelle
Published: October 2023

Introduction

Pericoronary adipose tissue (PCAT) stands in complex bidirectional interaction with the surrounding arteries and is known to be connected to many cardiovascular diseases involving vascular inflammation. PCAT texture may be influenced by other cardiovascular risk factors such as hypercholesterolemia. The recently established photon-counting CT could improve texture analysis and help detect those changes by offering higher spatial resolution and signal-to-noise ratio.

Methods

In this retrospective, single-center, IRB-approved study, PCAT of the left and right coronary artery was manually segmented and radiomic features were extracted using pyradiomics. The study population consisted of a test collective and a validation collective. The collectives were each divided into two groups defined by the presence or absence of hypercholesterolemia, taken from self-reported conditions and confirmed by medical records. Mean and standard deviation were calculated with Pearson correlation coefficient for correlation of features and visualized as boxplots and heatmaps using R statistics. Random forest feature selection was performed to identify differentiating features between the two groups. 66 patients were enrolled in this study (34 female, mean age 58 years).

Results

Two radiomics features allowing differentiation between PCAT texture of the groups were identified (p-values between 0.013 and 0.24) and validated. Patients with hypercholesterolemia presented with a greater concentration of high-density values as indicated through analysis of specific texture features as “gldm_HighGrayLevelEmphasis” (23.95 vs. 22.99) and “glrlm_HighGrayLevelRunEmphasis” (24.21 vs. 23.31).

Discussion

Texture analysis of PCAT allowed differentiation between patients with and without hypercholesterolemia offering a potential imaging biomarker for this specific cardiovascular risk factor.
Remotely detuned receiver coil for high-resolution interventional cardiac magnetic resonance imaging
Authors: Marhabaie Sina , Delcey Marylène , El Hamrani Dounia , Vaillant Fanny , Ginefri Jean-Christophe , Ozenne Valéry , Abell Emma , Poirier-Quinot Marie , Quesson Bruno
Published: October 2023

Introduction

Interventional cardiac MRI in the context of the treatment of cardiac arrhythmia requires submillimeter image resolution to precisely characterize the cardiac substrate and guide the catheter-based ablation procedure in real-time. Conventional MRI receiver coils positioned on the thorax provide insufficient signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and spatial selectivity to satisfy these constraints.

Methods

A small circular MRI receiver coil was developed and evaluated under different experimental conditions, including high-resolution MRI anatomical and thermometric imaging at 1.5 T. From the perspective of developing a therapeutic MR-compatible catheter equipped with a receiver coil, we also propose alternative remote active detuning techniques of the receiver coil using one or two cables. Theoretical details are presented, as well as simulations and experimental validation.

Results

Anatomical images of the left ventricle at 170 µm in-plane resolution are provided on ex vivo beating heart from swine using a 2 cm circular receiver coil. Taking advantage of the increase of SNR at its vicinity (up to 35 fold compared to conventional receiver coils), real-time MR-temperature imaging can reach an uncertainty below 0.1°C at the submillimetric spatial resolution. Remote active detuning using two cables has similar decoupling efficiency to conventional on-site decoupling, at the cost of an acceptable decrease in the resulting SNR.

Discussion

This study shows the potential of small dimension surface coils for minimally invasive therapy of cardiac arrhythmia intraoperatively guided by MRI. The proposed remote decoupling approaches may simplify the construction process and reduce the cost of such single-use devices.
From multi-omics approaches to personalized medicine in myocardial infarction
Authors: Zhan Chaoying , Tang Tong , Wu Erman , Zhang Yuxin , He Mengqiao , Wu Rongrong , Bi Cheng , Wang Jiao , Zhang Yingbo , Shen Bairong
Published: October 2023

Myocardial infarction (MI) is a prevalent cardiovascular disease characterized by myocardial necrosis resulting from coronary artery ischemia and hypoxia, which can lead to severe complications such as arrhythmia, cardiac rupture, heart failure, and sudden death. Despite being a research hotspot, the etiological mechanism of MI remains unclear. The emergence and widespread use of omics technologies, including genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics, and other omics, have provided new opportunities for exploring the molecular mechanism of MI and identifying a large number of disease biomarkers. However, a single-omics approach has limitations in understanding the complex biological pathways of diseases. The multi-omics approach can reveal the interaction network among molecules at various levels and overcome the limitations of the single-omics approaches. This review focuses on the omics studies of MI, including genomics, epigenomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics, and other omics. The exploration extended into the domain of multi-omics integrative analysis, accompanied by a compilation of diverse online resources, databases, and tools conducive to these investigations. Additionally, we discussed the role and prospects of multi-omics approaches in personalized medicine, highlighting the potential for improving diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of MI.
An overview of video recommender systems: state-of-the-art and research issues
Authors: Lubos Sebastian , Felfernig Alexander , Tautschnig Markus
Published: October 2023

Video platforms have become indispensable components within a diverse range of applications, serving various purposes in entertainment, e-learning, corporate training, online documentation, and news provision. As the volume and complexity of video content continue to grow, the need for personalized access features becomes an inevitable requirement to ensure efficient content consumption. To address this need, recommender systems have emerged as helpful tools providing personalized video access. By leveraging past user-specific video consumption data and the preferences of similar users, these systems excel in recommending videos that are highly relevant to individual users. This article presents a comprehensive overview of the current state of video recommender systems (VRS), exploring the algorithms used, their applications, and related aspects. In addition to an in-depth analysis of existing approaches, this review also addresses unresolved research challenges within this domain. These unexplored areas offer exciting opportunities for advancements and innovations, aiming to enhance the accuracy and effectiveness of personalized video recommendations. Overall, this article serves as a valuable resource for researchers, practitioners, and stakeholders in the video domain. It offers insights into cutting-edge algorithms, successful applications, and areas that merit further exploration to advance the field of video recommendation.
Process of EUR prediction for shale gas wells based on production decline models—a case study on the Changning block
Authors: Liu Sha , Chang Cheng , Xie Weiyang , Li Hong
Published: October 2023

To effectively develop the shale gas in the southern Sichuan Basin, it is essential to accurately predict and evaluate the single-well production and estimated ultimate recovery (EUR). Empirical production decline analysis is most widely used in predicting EUR, since it is simple and can quickly predict the gas well production. However, this method has some disadvantages, such as many parameters of the model, difficulty in fitting and large deviation. This paper presents an efficient process of EUR prediction for gas wells based on production decline models. Application of nine empirical production decline models in more than 200 shale gas wells in the Changning block of the Sichuan Basin was systemically analyzed. According to the diagnosis of flow regime, it was determined that all models are applicable in the prediction of production and EUR in this area, with the fitting degree higher than 80% for gas wells producing for more than 12 months. Based on the fitting and prediction results, the parameter distribution charts of the nine production decline models with initial parameters constrained were plotted for shale gas wells, which greatly improved the prediction accuracy and efficiency. Coupled with the probability method, the EUR was evaluated and predicted effectively, and the average EUR of more than 200 shale gas wells in the Changning block is 1.21 × 108 m3. The EUR of Well CNH1 predicted by the proposed process and charts is believed reliable. The study results provide meaningful guidance for the efficient prediction of gas well production and EUR in the Changning block.
Distributed photovoltaic power fluctuation flattening strategy based on hybrid energy storage
Authors: Chen Haoyu , Cheng Jiangzhou , Li Zhenhua , Abu-Siada A. , Li Hongbin
Published: October 2023

Aiming at mitigating the fluctuation of distributed photovoltaic power generation, a segmented compensation strategy based on the improved seagull algorithm is proposed in this paper. In this regard, a hybrid energy storage system comprising a lithium battery and supercapacitor is utilized. The internal power distribution of the hybrid energy storage system is adjusted using wavelet packet decomposition, and the state of charge is employed to adapt the primary power distribution. The start and end times for charging and discharging are determined by combining the time of use, electricity price, state-of-charge information, and load size at night to realize the economic operation of the system. The opposing search operator strategy and mutation operation are used to improve the seagull algorithm, optimize the controller parameters of the DC/DC converter, and improve its response time. Combined with the historical measured data of a distributed photovoltaic in Hubei Province, simulation results show that the proposed strategy can effectively smoothen the fluctuation of distributed photovoltaic generated power while reducing the charging and discharging frequencies of the energy storage system, hence improving its stability and service life.
Clinically impactful metabolic subtypes of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC)
Authors: Pervin Jannat , Asad Mohammad , Cao Shaolong , Jang Gun Ho , Feizi Nikta , Haibe-Kains Benjamin , Karasinska Joanna M. , O’Kane Grainne M. , Gallinger Steven , Schaeffer David F. , Renouf Daniel J. , Zogopoulos George , Bathe Oliver F.
Published: October 2023

Background: Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a lethal disease characterized by a diverse tumor microenvironment. The heterogeneous cellular composition of PDAC makes it challenging to study molecular features of tumor cells using extracts from bulk tumor. The metabolic features in tumor cells from clinical samples are poorly understood, and their impact on clinical outcomes are unknown. Our objective was to identify the metabolic features in the tumor compartment that are most clinically impactful.

Methods: A computational deconvolution approach using the DeMixT algorithm was applied to bulk RNASeq data from The Cancer Genome Atlas to determine the proportion of each gene’s expression that was attributable to the tumor compartment. A machine learning algorithm designed to identify features most closely associated with survival outcomes was used to identify the most clinically impactful metabolic genes.

Results: Two metabolic subtypes (M1 and M2) were identified, based on the pattern of expression of the 26 most important metabolic genes. The M2 phenotype had a significantly worse survival, which was replicated in three external PDAC cohorts. This PDAC subtype was characterized by net glycogen catabolism, accelerated glycolysis, and increased proliferation and cellular migration. Single cell data demonstrated substantial intercellular heterogeneity in the metabolic features that typified this aggressive phenotype.

Conclusion: By focusing on features within the tumor compartment, two novel and clinically impactful metabolic subtypes of PDAC were identified. Our study emphasizes the challenges of defining tumor phenotypes in the face of the significant intratumoral heterogeneity that typifies PDAC. Further studies are required to understand the microenvironmental factors that drive the appearance of the metabolic features characteristic of the aggressive M2 PDAC phenotype.
Case Report: Telitacicept in treating a patient with NF155+ autoimmune nodopathy: a successful attempt to manage recurrent elevated sero-anti-NF155 antibodies
Authors: Ren Yijun , Chen Si , Yang Huan
Published: October 2023

This report presents a case of a neurofascin-155 (NF155)+ autoimmune nodopathy (AN) patient who exhibited resistance to conventional treatments but responded positively to telitacicept therapy. Telitacicept, a dual inhibitor of B lymphocyte stimulator (BLyS) and A proliferation-inducing ligand (APRIL), suppressed the development and survival of plasma cells and mature B cells. The patient’s unique clinical features were consistent with NF155+ AN, showing limited response to standard treatments like rituximab and a recurrent significant increase in anti-NF155 antibody titers. Administering telitacicept (160mg, ih) led to an improvement in clinical symptoms, inflammatory neuropathy cause and treatment (INCAT) scale and inflammatory Rasch-built overall disability scale (I-RODS), and stabilized anti-NF155 antibody levels without a rebound. This case demonstrates telitacicept as a potential novel therapy for NF155+ AN, particularly when conventional treatments fail. Further investigation into its safety, efficacy, dosage, and treatment cycle in NF155+ AN is warranted.
Decoding the influence of bacterial community structure and algicidal bacteria in a Karenia longicanalis bloom event
Authors: Zhang Yingjiao , Zhou Xiaowen , Tang Weiqi , Zhou Konglin , Wang Zonghua , Shi Xinguo
Published: October 2023

Introduction

Harmful algal blooms (HABs) have been increasing in frequency and expanding their ranges on coastlines worldwide in recent decades. Algicidal bacteria play a pivotal role in eliminating HABs, yet the characteristics of bacterial communities and their algicidal activity during a Karenia longicanalis bloom remain poorly understood.

Methods

In this study, we investigated bacterial communities using 16S rRNA sequencing during a K. longicanalis bloom to identify bacteria with high algicidal activity that could be isolated. Five sampling sites in Tongxin Bay, located in Lianjiang County, China, including TX1 to TX5, were selected based on the concentration of K. longicanalis cells.

Results

Our 16S rRNA sequencing results revealed that the TX4 site was enriched with genera known to contain algicidal bacteria, such as Pseudoalteromonas and Alteromonas, which are members of the Gammaproteobacteria class, while Sulfitobacter, a member of the Alphaproteobacteria class, was enriched in the TX5 site. Among the 100 cultivable bacteria isolated from the 5 sampling sites, 6 exhibited an algicidal rate of over 80%, with FDHY-MQ5, isolated from the TX4 site, exhibiting an algicidal rate of approximately 100% against Karenia mikimotoi after 48 hours of challenge with 2% (v/v) bacterial volume (OD600=4.5) concentration. Our 16S rRNA sequencing result showed FDHY-MQ5 was a member of the Pseudoalteromonas genus, and this bacterium also demonstrated high algicidal activity against Heterosigma akashiwo and Alexandrium tamarense.

Discussion

Our findings shed light on the changes in bacterial community structure and the algicidal behavior of bacteria towards algae during a K. longicanalis bloom, providing a research basis for a better understanding of HAB management.
SARS-CoV-2 excretion kinetics in nasopharyngeal and stool samples from the pediatric population
Authors: Khemiri Haifa , Gdoura Mariem , Ben Halima Samar , Krichen Henda , Cammà Cesare , Lorusso Alessio , Ancora Massimo , Di Pasquale Adriano , Cherni Asma , Touzi Henda , Sadraoui Amel , Meddeb Zina , Hogga Nahed , Ammi Radhia , Triki Henda , Haddad-Boubaker Sondes
Published: October 2023

Background

The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is responsible for serious respiratory infections in humans. Even in the absence of respiratory symptoms, gastrointestinal (GI) signs were commonly reported in adults and children. Thus, oral–fecal transmission was suspected as a possible route of infection. The objective of this study was to describe RNA shedding in nasopharyngeal and stool samples obtained from asymptomatic and symptomatic children and to investigate virus viability.

Methods

This study included 179 stool and 191 nasopharyngeal samples obtained from 71 children, which included symptomatic (n = 64) and asymptomatic (n = 7) ones. They were collected every 7 days from the onset of the infection until negativation. Viral RNA was detected by real-time RT-PCR, targeting the N and ORF1 genes. Whole-genome sequencing was performed for positive cases. Viral isolation was assessed on Vero cells, followed by molecular detection confirmation.

Results

All cases included in this study (n = 71) were positive in their nasopharyngeal samples. SARS-CoV-2 RNA was detected in 36 stool samples obtained from 15 out of 71 (21.1%) children; 13 were symptomatic and two were asymptomatic. Excretion periods varied from 7 to 21 days and 7 to 14 days in nasopharyngeal and fecal samples, respectively. Four variants were detected: Alpha (n = 3), B.1.160 (n = 3), Delta (n = 7), and Omicron (n = 1). Inoculation of stool samples on cell culture showed no specific cytopathic effect. All cell culture supernatants were negative for RT-qPCR.

Conclusion

Our study demonstrated nasopharyngeal and fecal shedding of SARS-CoV-2 RNA by children up to 21 and 14 days, respectively. Fecal shedding was recorded in symptomatic and asymptomatic children. Nevertheless, SARS-CoV-2 was not isolated from positive stool samples.
Interspecies hybridization between Auricularia cornea cv. Yu Muer and Auricularia heimuer cv. Bai Muer through protoplast fusion
Authors: Qian Keqing , Qi Zhengxiang , Xu Anran , Li Xiao , Zhang Bo , Li Yu
Published: October 2023

Color variations in cultivated edible mushrooms present novel and potentially valuable alternatives to the research and cultivation industries. We collected, identified, and domesticated a white strain of Auricularia cornea and a white strain of Auricularia heimuer from China. However, due to an unstable phenotype and stricter requirements on environment and management technology, the production and utilization of Auricularia heimuer cv. Bai Muer make slow progress. Outcrossing is an essential means to broaden the intraspecific genetic resources to expand the gene pool and compensate for the limitations of related species hybridization. In this study, interspecies hybridization between Auricularia cornea cv. Yu Muer and Auricularia heimuer cv. Bai Muer was conducted using polyethylene glycol (PEG)-induced double-inactivated protoplast fusion. Apart from the functional complementation of double-inactivated protoplasts, the hybrids were characterized by colony morphology, antagonistic test, primordial morphology, and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) fingerprinting. The results suggested that the hybrids and their parents showed significant differences in their colony morphology. Moreover, positive barrage reactions were observed between each parent and hybrid. Inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) and start codon targeted (SCoT) profile analysis of fusants and parents depicted that fusants contained polymorphic bands, which indicated the rearrangement and deletion of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) in the fusants. Yellowish-white primordia were obtained from two hybrids. Protoplast fusion may reinforce the genetic potential and provide an ideal alternative for breeding albino Auricularia.
Differential regulation of microglial states by colony stimulating factors
Authors: Stanley E. Richard , Biundo Fabrizio , Gökhan Şölen , Chitu Violeta
Published: October 2023

Recent studies have emphasized the role of microglia in the progression of many neurodegenerative diseases. The colony stimulating factors, CSF-1 (M-CSF), granulocyte-macrophage CSF (GM-CSF) and granulocyte CSF (G-CSF) regulate microglia through different cognate receptors. While the receptors for GM-CSF (GM-CSFR) and G-CSF (G-CSFR) are specific for their ligands, CSF-1 shares its receptor, the CSF-1 receptor-tyrosine kinase (CSF-1R), with interleukin-34 (IL-34). All four cytokines are expressed locally in the CNS. Activation of the CSF-1R in macrophages is anti-inflammatory. In contrast, the actions of GM-CSF and G-CSF elicit different activated states. We here review the roles of each of these cytokines in the CNS and how they contribute to the development of disease in a mouse model of CSF-1R-related leukodystrophy. Understanding their roles in this model may illuminate their contribution to the development or exacerbation of other neurodegenerative diseases.
A diagnosis model for brain atrophy using deep learning and MRI of type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Syed Saba Raoof , M. A. Saleem Durai
Published: October 2023

Objective

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) is linked to cognitive deterioration and anatomical brain abnormalities like cerebral brain atrophy and cerebral diseases. We aim to develop an automatic deep learning-based brain atrophy diagnosis model to detect, segment, classify, and predict the survival rate.

Methods

Two hundred thirty-five MRI images affected with brain atrophy due to prolonged T2DM were acquired. The dataset was divided into training and testing (80:20%; 188, 47, respectively). Pre-processing is done through a novel convolutional median filter, followed by segmentation of atrophy regions, i.e., the brain shrinkage, white and gray matter is done through the proposed TRAU-Net model (Transfer Residual Attention U-Net), classification with the proposed Multinomial Logistic regression with Attention Swin Transformer (MLAST), and prediction of chronological age is determined through Multivariate CoX Regression model (MCR). The classification of Brain Atrophy (BA) types is determined based on the features extracted from the segmented region. Performance measures like confusion matrix, specificity, sensitivity, accuracy, F1-score, and ROC-AUC curve are used to measure classification model performance, whereas, for the segmentation model, pixel accuracy and dice similarity coefficient are applied.

Results

The pixel accuracy and dice coefficient for segmentation were 98.25 and 96.41, respectively. Brain atrophy multi-class classification achieved overall training accuracy is 0.9632 ± 1.325, 0.9677 ± 1.912, 0.9682 ± 1.715, and 0.9521 ± 1.877 for FA, PA, R-MTA, and L-MTA, respectively. The overall AUC-ROC curve for the classification model is 0.9856. The testing and validation accuracy obtained for the proposed model are 0.9379 and 0.9694, respectively. The prediction model's performance is measured using correlation coefficient (r), coefficient determination r2, and Mean Square Error (MSE) and recorded 0.951, 0.904, and 0.5172, respectively.

Conclusion

The brain atrophy diagnosis model consists of sub-models to detect, segment, and classify the atrophy regions using novel deep learning and multivariate mathematical models. The proposed model has outperformed the existing models regarding multi-classification and segmentation; therefore, the automated diagnosis model can be deployed in healthcare centers to assist physicians.
A transcriptional evaluation of the melanoma and squamous cell carcinoma TIL compartment reveals an unexpected spectrum of exhausted and functional T cells
Authors: Cameron Cheryl M. , Richardson Brian , Golden Jackelyn B. , Phoon Yee Peng , Tamilselvan Banumathi , Pfannenstiel Lukas , Thapaliya Samjhana , Roversi Gustavo , Gao Xing-Huang , Zagore Leah L. , Cameron Mark J. , Gastman Brian R.
Published: October 2023

Introduction

Significant heterogeneity exists within the tumor-infiltrating CD8 T cell population, and exhausted T cells harbor a subpopulation that may be replicating and may retain signatures of activation, with potential functional consequences in tumor progression. Dysfunctional immunity in the tumor microenvironment is associated with poor cancer outcomes, making exploration of these exhausted T cell subpopulations critical to the improvement of therapeutic approaches.

Methods

To investigate mechanisms associated with terminally exhausted T cells, we sorted and performed transcriptional profiling of CD8+ tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) co-expressing the exhaustion markers PD-1 and TIM-3 from large-volume melanoma tumors. We additionally performed immunologic phenotyping and functional validation, including at the single-cell level, to identify potential mechanisms that underlie their dysfunctional phenotype.

Results

We identified novel dysregulated pathways in CD8+PD-1+TIM-3+ cells that have not been well studied in TILs; these include bile acid and peroxisome pathway-related metabolism and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathways, which are highly correlated with immune checkpoint receptor expression.

Discussion

Based on bioinformatic integration of immunophenotypic data and network analysis, we propose unexpected targets for therapies to rescue the immune response to tumors in melanoma.
PLAC8 is an innovative biomarker for immunotherapy participating in remodeling the immune microenvironment of renal clear cell carcinoma
Authors: Sun Xu , Liu Zhanpeng , Yu Qian , Chen Yinwei , Sun Yunwen , Zhu Qingyi , Yang Jian , Jiang Rongjiang
Published: October 2023

Background

PLAC8 has been identified in the progression of various cancers by inducing tumorigenesis, immune response, chemotherapy resistance and metastasis. Nevertheless, the precise biological function of PLAC8 in renal cancer remains unknown.

Methods

We obtained the expression profile and associated clinical characteristics of patients diagnosed with clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) from The Cancer Genome Atlas database. The biological behavior of specific cell lines was detected using Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8), colony formation, and 5-ethynyl-2’-deoxyuridine (EdU) assay. A prognostic model was constructed based on PLAC8-related molecules through a machine-learning algorithm.

Results

We observed overexpression of PLAC8 in ccRCC patients. In addition, PLAC8 has been identified as being linked to unfavorable clinical characteristics and adverse prognosis outcomes. Biological enrichment analysis revealed the potential involvement of PLAC8 in cell cycle checkpoints, mitotic phase transformation, immunotherapy-predicted and reactive oxygen species (ROS) related pathways. In addition, immune analyses showed that PLAC8 was involved in remodeling the tumor microenvironment (TME) and affecting the effect of immunotherapy in ccRCC patients. In vitro experiments demonstrated a significant reduction in the proliferation, invasion and migration of renal cancer cells following the knockdown of PLAC8. Finally, LASSO logistics regression was applied to construct a prognosis model, which presented a favorable prediction ability on the prognosis of ccRCC.

Conclusion

Our results implied that PLAC8 may be a novel immunotherapy biomarker of ccRCC, which is a crucial molecule in remodeling the cancer microenvironment. PLAC8 can predict immunotherapy response and is expected to guide precise treatment.
Gut microbiota: key facilitator in metastasis of colorectal cancer
Authors: Yu Siyi , Wang Shuyi , Xiong Bin , Peng Chunwei
Published: October 2023

Colorectal cancer (CRC) ranks third in terms of incidence among all kinds of cancer. The main cause of death is metastasis. Recent studies have shown that the gut microbiota could facilitate cancer metastasis by promoting cancer cells proliferation, invasion, dissemination, and survival. Multiple mechanisms have been implicated, such as RNA-mediated targeting effects, activation of tumor signaling cascades, secretion of microbiota-derived functional substances, regulation of mRNA methylation, facilitated immune evasion, increased intravasation of cancer cells, and remodeling of tumor microenvironment (TME). The understanding of CRC metastasis was further deepened by the mechanisms mentioned above. In this review, the mechanisms by which the gut microbiota participates in the process of CRC metastasis were reviewed as followed based on recent studies.
Cost-effectiveness analysis of first-line tislelizumab plus chemotherapy for recurrent or metastatic nasopharyngeal cancer
Authors: Pei Zhengda , Xiao Ningping , Yang Pei
Published: October 2023

Introduction: The RATIONALE-309 trial confirmed the significant efficacy and safety of tislelizumab plus chemotherapy in patients with recurrent or metastatic nasopharyngeal carcinoma (R/M NPC). However, the economic benefits of this regimen are unclear. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of adding tislelizumab to chemotherapy for R/M NPC from the perspective of the Chinese healthcare system.

Methods: A Markov model was established to simulate the costs and outcomes of tislelizumab plus chemotherapy versus chemotherapy. The survival data came from the RATIONALE-309 trial. Only direct medical costs were considered, and utility values were referred to the literature. The incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) was used as the main outcome measure. Sensitivity analysis was performed to assess the effect of parameter uncertainty on the model. Additionally, subgroup analyses were performed.

Results: The basic analysis showed that the cost of tislelizumab plus chemotherapy ($33,693) was $17,711 higher than that of chemotherapy ($15,982), but it also gained 1.05 QALYs more (2.72 QALYs vs. 1.67 QALYs), with an ICER of $16,859/QALY, which was lower than the willing-to-pay (WTP) of $36,289/QALY. The factors that most influenced the model were the utility of PD, the cost of tislelizumab, and the risk of platelet count decreased in tislelizumab plus chemotherapy group. The subgroup analysis also demonstrated that tislelizumab plus chemotherapy was cost-effective in the whole population regardless of EBV DNA level and PD-L1 expression level.

Conclusion: Compared with chemotherapy alone, tislelizumab plus chemotherapy was cost-effective for the treatment of R/M NPC in China.
Prediction of the mechanism for the combination of diallyl trisulfide and cisplatin against gastric cancer: a network pharmacology study and pharmacological evaluation
Authors: Lv Huaiyou , Jia Xiumei , Yang Huatian , Zhu Xiaosong , Zhao Zhongxi , Jiang Xiaoyan
Published: October 2023

Background: In this research, we aimed to explore the efficacy of diallyl trisulfide (DATS) combined with cisplatin (DDP) for gastric cancer treatment and its underlying mechanism based on network pharmacology.

Methods: First, the pharmacological mechanism by which DATS combined with DDP acts against gastric cancer was predicted using network pharmacology. The TTD, GeneCards, and OMIM databases were used to extract drug and disease targets. The David Bioinformatics Resources 6.8 database was used to conduct GO and KEGG analyses. We investigated the efficacy of DATS combined with DDP against gastric cancer in SGC7901 cells and a xenograft model. Furthermore, the specific mechanism of DATS combined with DDP, inferred by network pharmacology, was identified by Western blotting and immunohistochemistry.

Results: The combination of DDP and DATS significantly increased cytotoxicity and cell apoptosis compared to the DATS or DDP treatment group in vitro. In addition, continuous intraperitoneal injection of DATS markedly improved the tumor inhibitory effect of DDP in the SGC-7901 tumor-bearing mouse model. Furthermore, network pharmacology and experimental validation studies revealed that the combination of DATS and DDP synergistically enhanced antitumor activity by regulating endoplasmic reticulum stress and inhibiting STAT3/PKC-δ and MAPK signaling pathways.

Conclusion: Our study showed that the combination of DATS and DDP could exert outstanding therapeutic effects in gastric cancer. Moreover, network pharmacology coupled with experimental validation revealed the molecular mechanisms of combination therapy for gastric cancer. This study offers a new adjuvant strategy based on DATS and DDP for the treatment of gastric cancer.
Assessment of yield performances for grain sorghum varieties by AMMI and GGE biplot analyses
Authors: Wang Runfeng , Wang Hailian , Huang Shaoming , Zhao Yingxing , Chen Erying , Li Feifei , Qin Ling , Yang Yanbing , Guan Yan’an , Liu Bin , Zhang Huawen
Published: October 2023

Grain sorghum is an exceptional source of dietary nutrition with outstanding economic values. Breeding of grain sorghum can be slowed down by the occurrence of genotype × environment interactions (GEI) causing biased estimation of yield performance in multi-environments and therefore complicates direct phenotypic selection of superior genotypes. Multi-environment trials by randomized complete block design with three replications were performed on 13 newly developed grain sorghum varieties at seven test locations across China for two years. Additive main effects and multiplicative interaction (AMMI) and genotype + genotype × environment (GGE) biplot models were adopted to uncover GEI patterns and effectively identify high-yielding genotypes with stable performance across environments. Yield (YLD), plant height (PH), days to maturity (DTM), thousand seed weight (TSW), and panicle length (PL) were measured. Statistical analysis showed that target traits were influenced by significant GEI effects (p < 0.001), that broad-sense heritability estimates for these traits varied from 0.40 to 0.94 within the medium to high range, that AMMI and GGE biplot models captured more than 66.3% of total variance suggesting sufficient applicability of both analytic models, and that two genotypes, G3 (Liaoza No.52) and G10 (Jinza 110), were identified as the superior varieties while one genotype, G11 (Jinza 111), was the locally adapted variety. G3 was the most stable variety with highest yielding potential and G10 was second to G3 in average yield and stability whereas G11 had best adaptation only in one test location. We recommend G3 and G10 for the production in Shenyang, Chaoyang, Jinzhou, Jinzhong, Yulin, and Pingliang, while G11 for Yili.
Insights into enhancing Centella asiatica organ cell biofactories via hairy root protein profiling
Authors: Alcalde Miguel Angel , Hidalgo-Martinez Diego , Bru Martínez Roque , Sellés-Marchart Susana , Bonfill Mercedes , Palazon Javier
Published: October 2023

Recent advancements in plant biotechnology have highlighted the potential of hairy roots as a biotechnological platform, primarily due to their rapid growth and ability to produce specialized metabolites. This study aimed to delve deeper into hairy root development in C. asiatica and explore the optimization of genetic transformation for enhanced bioactive compound production. Previously established hairy root lines of C. asiatica were categorized based on their centelloside production capacity into HIGH, MID, or LOW groups. These lines were then subjected to a meticulous label-free proteomic analysis to identify and quantify proteins. Subsequent multivariate and protein network analyses were conducted to discern proteome differences and commonalities. Additionally, the quantification of rol gene copy numbers was undertaken using qPCR, followed by gene expression measurements. From the proteomic analysis, 213 proteins were identified. Distinct proteome differences, especially between the LOW line and other lines, were observed. Key proteins related to essential processes like photosynthesis and specialized metabolism were identified. Notably, potential biomarkers, such as the Tr-type G domain-containing protein and alcohol dehydrogenase, were found in the HIGH group. The presence of ornithine cyclodeaminase in the hairy roots emerged as a significant biomarker linked with centelloside production capacity lines, indicating successful Rhizobium-mediated genetic transformation. However, qPCR results showed an inconsistency with rol gene expression levels, with the HIGH line displaying notably higher expression, particularly of the rolD gene. The study unveiled the importance of ornithine cyclodeaminase as a traceable biomarker for centelloside production capacity. The strong correlation between this biomarker and the rolD gene emphasizes its potential role in optimizing genetic transformation processes in C. asiatica.