bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Exploring links between 2‐oxoglutarate‐dependent oxygenases and Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Liu Haotian , Xie Yong , Wang Xia , Abboud Martine I. , Ma Chao , Ge Wei , Schofield Christopher J.
Published: July 2022

Hypoxia, that is, an inadequate oxygen supply, is linked to neurodegeneration and patients with cardiovascular disease are prone to Alzheimer's disease (AD). 2‐Oxoglutarate and ferrous iron‐dependent oxygenases (2OGDD) play a key role in the regulation of oxygen homeostasis by acting as hypoxia sensors. 2OGDD also have roles in collagen biosynthesis, lipid metabolism, nucleic acid repair, and the regulation of transcription and translation. Many biological processes in which the >60 human 2OGDD are involved are altered in AD patient brains, raising the question as to whether 2OGDD are involved in the transition from normal aging to AD. Here we give an overview of human 2OGDD and critically discuss their potential roles in AD, highlighting possible relationships with synapse dysfunction/loss. 2OGDD may regulate neuronal/glial differentiation through enzyme activity‐dependent mechanisms and modulation of their activity has potential to protect against synapse loss. Work linking 2OGDD and AD is at an early stage, especially from a therapeutic perspective; we suggest integrated pathology and in vitro discovery research to explore their roles in AD is merited. We hope to help enable long‐term research on the roles of 2OGDD and, more generally, oxygen/hypoxia in AD. We also suggest shorter term empirically guided clinical studies concerning the exploration of 2OGDD/oxygen modulators to help maintain synaptic viability are of interest for AD treatment.
Small‐Molecule Quenchers for Förster Resonance Energy Transfer: Structure, Mechanism, and Applications
Authors: Fang Bin , Shen Yu , Peng Bo , Bai Hua , Wang Limin , Zhang Jiaxin , Hu Wenbo , Fu Li , Zhang Wei , Li Lin , Huang Wei
Published: July 2022

For fluorogenic probes, Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) is one of the most widely used mechanisms to realize the detection of biochemical activities. Dark quenchers relax from the excited state to the ground state non‐radiatively, and are promising alternatives to fluorescent FRET acceptors. Small‐molecule (dark) quenchers have been widely used as acceptors in FRET‐based probes to monitor various physiological processes with minimum background signal. Herein, we summarize the relevant advances of small‐molecule quenchers that are used in FRET‐based probes. This Review is intended to provide suggestions regarding the rationale design and selection of appropriate fluorophore–quencher FRET pairs, which are fully compatible with challenging analytical applications in various biological systems. Finally, an outlook of the future biomedical applications and developments of this field is presented.
Biokompatible und selektive Generierung bizyklischer Peptide**
Authors: Ullrich Sven , George Josemon , Coram Alexandra E. , Morewood Richard , Nitsche Christoph
Published: July 2022

Bizyklische Peptide sind aufgrund ihrer überragenden Eigenschaften für die Arzneimittelforschung von hoher Bedeutung. Ihre chemische Darstellung ist jedoch kompliziert und zudem häufig weder biokompatibel noch orthogonal zu allen kanonischen Aminosäuren. Die selektive Reaktion zwischen 1,2‐Aminothiolen und 2,6‐Dicyanpyridin ermöglicht die Synthese komplexer, bizyklischer Peptide in hoher Ausbeute. Mit Hilfe der etablierten Festphasenpeptidsynthese kann dieser Prozess vollständig automatisiert werden. Die Bizyklisierung ist katalysatorfrei und erfolgt bei physiologischem pH‐Wert in Wasser binnen Minuten. Verschiedene Bindeglieder ermöglichen die Herstellung maßgeschneiderter bizyklischer Peptide, die Vorzüge wie Plasmastabilität, strukturelle Vororganisation und hohe Zielstrukturaffinität aufweisen. Dies veranschaulichen wir anhand eines bizyklischen Hemmstoffs der Zikavirus‐Protease, sowie mit Hilfe bizyklischer Versionen des α‐helikalen, antimikrobiellen Peptids Aurein 1.2.
An Iron‐Catalyzed Route to Dewar 1,3,5‐Triphosphabenzene and Subsequent Reactivity
Authors: Barrett Adam N. , Diefenbach Martin , Mahon Mary F. , Krewald Vera , Webster Ruth L.
Published: July 2022

The application of an alkyne cyclotrimerization regime with an [Fe(salen)]2‐μ‐oxo (1) catalyst to triphenylmethylphosphaalkyne (2) yields gram‐scale quantities of 2,4,6‐tris(triphenylmethyl)‐Dewar‐1,3,5‐triphosphabenzene (3). Bulky lithium salt LiHMDS facilitates a rearrangement of 3 to the 1,3,5‐triphosphabenzene valence isomer (3′), which subsequently undergoes an intriguing phosphorus migration reaction to form the ring‐contracted species (3′′). Density functional theory calculations provide a plausible mechanism for this rearrangement. Given the stability of 3, a diverse array of unprecedented transformations was investigated. We report novel crystallographically characterized products of successful nucleophilic/electrophilic addition and protonation/oxidation reactions.
Adsorption application of Rb+ on hydrogels of hydroxypropyl cellulose/polyvinyl alcohol/reduced graphene oxide encapsulating potassium cobalt hexacyanoferrate
Authors: Fang Ming , Chu Wei‐fan , Cui Jingsi , Jin Guan‐Ping , Tian Changqing
Published: July 2022

Specific ion exchangers/adsorbents are used to separate low concentration rubidium (Rb) resources from seawater or salt lakes, especially potassium cobalt hexacyanoferrate (KCoFC) with high adsorption capacity and selectivity for Rb+. However, there are great challenges in recovery from solution for powder form KCoFC. Herein, a new immobilization strategy was presented, and KCoFC was encapsulated by synthetic hydrogels of hydroxypropyl cellulose/polyvinyl alcohol/reduced graphene oxide (KCoFC‐HPR). Scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X‐ray diffraction, and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy were employed to indicate the correct encapsulation of KCoFC. The adsorption behavior of KCoFC‐HPR for Rb+ was investigated, and the results demonstrated that the process conformed to pseudo‐second‐order kinetic model and Langmuir isotherm model with the exchange of Rb+ and K+ as main adsorption mechanism. The maximum adsorption capacity for Rb+ on KCoFC‐HPR achieved 211.2 mg g−1 at 25°C. The interference of lithium and sodium ions (Li+/Na+:Rb+ = 20:1) on the adsorption capacity proved negligible. Within 24 h, 77.9% of adsorbed Rb+ on KCoFC‐HPR in 0.5 mol L−1 NH4Cl/HCl mixture was desorbed, and adsorption capacity for the regenerated sample was 88.1% of the initial sample.
Continuous remeshing for inverse rendering
Authors: Palfinger Werner
Published: July 2022

We present a novel method for joint optimization and remeshing and apply it to inverse rendering. Rapid advances in differentiable rendering during the last years paved the way for fast inverse rendering of complex scenes. But serious problems with gradient‐based optimization of triangle meshes remain. Applying gradient steps to the vertices can lead to mesh defects, such as flipped triangles, crumpled regions, and self‐intersections. Choosing a good vertex count is crucial for the optimization quality and performance but is usually done by hand. Moreover, meshes with fixed triangulation struggle to adapt to complex geometry. Our novel method tackles all these problems by applying an adaptive remeshing step in each single iteration of the optimization loop. By immediately collapsing suspicious triangles, we avoid and heal mesh defects. We use a closed‐loop‐controlled location‐dependent edge length. We compare our solution to state‐of‐the‐art methods and find that it is faster and more accurate. It produces finer meshes with fewer defects, requires less parameter tuning and can reconstruct more complex objects.
Tailoring the Morphology and Performance of Polyacrylonitrile Ultrafiltration Membranes for Produced Water Treatment via Solvent Mixture Strategy
Authors: Naderi Noushin , Hosseini Seyed Saeid , Atassi Yomen
Published: July 2022

The separation performance of membranes is highly dependent on their morphology and microstructure. The present study aims to tailor the characteristics of asymmetric polyacrylonitrile (PAN) ultrafiltration membranes by adopting a solvent mixture strategy, combining dimethylformamide (DMF) and N‐methyl‐2‐pyrrolidone (NMP) for produced water treatment. The ternary phase diagram was used for better analysis of the microstructural changes from the thermodynamics point of view. Using a solvent mixture containing more DMF (i.e., 75 %) and increasing the PAN concentration in the dope were effective in improving the solution viscosity and promoting delayed demixing. As a result, finger‐like macrovoids were suppressed to some extent and the internal morphology of the membranes was transformed into a sponge‐like structure, accompanied by a reduction in the overall membrane porosity and mean pore size.
Flexible Electrode for Rapid Glucose Detection Based on CuO Nanoflowers/Stereo‐Graphene Coated on Carbon Cloth
Authors: Wang Xiao , Liu Qian , Qiu Xiaopei , Wang Yingran , Xu Hanqing , Liang Qingle , Wang Jun , Gao Mingxuan , Bao Jing , Chen Ming
Published: July 2022

Designing a highly sensitive, fast response, cheap, and flexible biosensing platform has important significance in the diagnosis of diabetes. Herein, we developed an ultra‐fast and sensitive glucose sensor based on CuO nanoflowers‐coated stereo‐graphene electrode on carbon cloth. The three‐dimensional graphene (3DG) nanostructures were established on the carbon cloth (CC) by radio frequency plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (RF‐PECVD), and CuO nanoflowers subsequently obtained via chemical deposition. The prepared CuO@3DG@CC electrode with self‐assembled structures provided abundant ion diffusion channels, large specific surface area and high conductivity, which shows an ultrasensitive current response to glucose. The detection limit of the sensor is as low as 0.068 μM and the response efficiency is as fast as 0.5 s. The electrode has two linear ranges with 0.5–115.5 μM and 165.5–1165.5 μM and has a strong anti‐interference ability and shows an excellent stability. This kind of flexible enzyme‐free glucose sensor has been successfully applied to the detection of glucose in actual serum samples and shows a good accuracy, which is likely be applied to the medical testing field and the commercial production and has potential to further applied in wearable sensors.
Indole‐Based Long‐Wavelength Fluorescent Probes for Bioimaging of S‐Nitrosylation in Mitochondria
Authors: Yu Jinfeng , Gan Lu , Zhou Yani , Xu Jingyao , Yun Chengyu , Fang Tong , Cai Xiaoqing
Published: July 2022

S‐Nitrosylation has been found to play an important role in regulating mitochondrial function. However, probes for detection of protein S‐nitrosylation in mitochondria remain unexplored. Herein, a novel 4‐(pyridin‐4‐yl)vinyl‐substituted indole was designed, exhibiting a long‐wavelength emission and a high fluorescent quantum yield. Functionalization of the 7‐position of the indole ring with an arylphosphine ester resulted with probes with efficient mitochondria‐targeting ability. Furthermore, the indole‐arylphosphine displayed a significant fluorescence enhancement upon exposure to S‐nitrosoglutathione (GSNO) at low micromolar concentrations in A431 cells. Taken together, this study provides a new indole‐based fluorescent probe with a unique long‐wavelength emission for direct detection of S‐nitrosylation in mitochondria, which may represent a powerful tool for understanding the critical roles of S‐nitrosylation within mitochondria of living organisms.
Unravelling the Role of the Pentafluoroorthotellurate Group as a Ligand in Nickel Chemistry
Authors: Pérez‐Bitrián Alberto , Hoffmann Kurt F. , Krause Konstantin B. , Thiele Günther , Limberg Christian , Riedel Sebastian
Published: July 2022

The pentafluoroorthotellurate group (teflate, OTeF5) is able to form species, for which only the fluoride analogues are known. Despite nickel fluorides being widely investigated, nickel teflates have remained elusive for decades. By reaction of [NiCl4]2− and neat ClOTeF5, we have synthesized the homoleptic [Ni(OTeF5)4]2− anion, which presents a distorted tetrahedral structure, unlike the polymeric [NiF4]2−. This high‐spin complex has allowed the study of the electronic properties of the teflate group, which can be classified as a weak/medium‐field ligand, and therefore behaves as the fluoride analogue also in ligand‐field terms. The teflate ligands in [NEt4]2[Ni(OTeF5)4] are easily substituted, as shown by the formation of [Ni(NCMe)6][OTeF5]2 by dissolving it in acetonitrile. Nevertheless, careful reactions with other conventional ligands have enabled the crystallization of nickel teflate complexes with different coordination geometries, i.e. [NEt4]2[trans‐Ni(OEt2)2(OTeF5)4] or [NEt4][Ni(bpyMe2)(OTeF5)3].
Nanoarchitectonics in the Ionothermal Synthesis for Nucleation of Crystalline Potassium Poly (heptazine imide) Towards an Enhanced Solar‐Driven H2O2 Production
Authors: Yang Zhenchun , Li Lina , Cui Jiahao , Shao Siting , Zeng Shiqi , Wang Kun , Ma Dongge , Hu Chun , Zhao Yubao
Published: July 2022

Solar‐driven selective oxygen reduction reaction on polymeric carbon nitride framework is one of the most promising approaches toward sustainable H2O2 production. Potassium poly(heptazine imide) (PHI), with regular metal sites in the framework and favorable crystalline structure, is highly active for photocatalytic selective 2e oxygen reduction to produce H2O2. By introducing NH4Cl into the eutectic KCl‐LiCl salt mixture, the PHI framework exhibits a remarkable performance for photocatalytic production of H2O2, for example, a record high H2O2 photo‐production rate of 29.5 μmol h−1 mg−1. The efficient photocatalytic performance is attributed to the favorable properties of the new PHI framework, such as improved porosity, negatively shifted LUMO position, enhanced exciton dissociation and charges migration properties. A mechanistic investigation by quenching and electron spin resonance technique reveals the critical role of superoxide radicals for the formation singlet oxygen, and the singlet oxygen is one of the critical intermediates towards the formation of the H2O2 by proton extraction from the ethanol.
Replacing executive stock options with share units: A Canadian study
Authors: Savoie‐Comeau Alexandre , Morris Tania M.
Published: July 2022

Are share units a better compensation tool than stock options? This paper studies the impact of a transition within the compensation structures of CEOs of companies listed on the TSX Composite Index. Specifically, we ask whether replacing options with units‐based compensation reduces the volatility of these companies' stock prices while promoting better returns. Our findings show that a shift to share units reduces large‐cap Canadian companies' total risk through its idiosyncratic component. This transition is also accompanied by an increase in their risk‐adjusted accounting and market performance. This suggests that share units are better for compensation contracts.
Experiments with traditional and modern plasticizers
Authors: Bertsche Ingo
Published: July 2022

In diesem Beitrag werden zwei Methoden zum Nachweis von Phthalsäureestern (Phthalaten) und Citronensäureestern (Citraten) beschrieben. Die Wirkung von Weichmachern wird in einfachen Experimenten aufgezeigt.
Strongyloides—An uncommon cause of eosinophilia whilst on durvalumab
Authors: Quah Gaik Tin , Blanchard Gillian , Miller Neil , Wilson Paul , Nordman Ina
Published: July 2022

Background

In malignancy, eosinophils have been shown to play an important role in the tumour micro‐environment. Increasingly, development of eosinophilia with immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) use is thought to be predictive of prognosis and development of immune‐related adverse events. However, there are many other causes for developing eosinophilia which can contribute to the difficulties in diagnosis and management.

Case

Here, we present a case of Strongyloides parasitic infection as an uncommon differential for eosinophilia in a patient with lung cancer receiving a PDL‐1 ICI, durvalumab, in Australia.

Conclusion

This case highlights the complexities exploring the multiple potential causes of eosinophilia and the subsequent management, to allow safe continuation of ICI.
Tiny but mighty: Possible roles of bacterial extracellular vesicles in gut‐liver crosstalk for non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease
Authors: Shao Li , Shi Junping , Fan Xiaohui
Published: July 2022

Non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) with an increasing incidence is one of the leading causes for liver transplantation and cancer, whereas understandings on the onset and development of this disease are quite limited. Nowadays, gut microbial dysregulation has been proposed to play a critical role in the immune‐metabolic disorders in NAFLD patients via gut‐liver axis. Although definitive crosstalk between gut and liver has not been thoroughly depicted, the nanosized bacterial extracellular vesicles (bEVs) capable of transporting multiple kinds of molecules to distant organs of host in intact form via system circulation act as major mediators in host‐bacterial interactions. A recent review has confirmed the associations between bEVs and NAFLD features such as insulin resistance and liver inflammation, whereas the mechanisms involved have not been elucidated. Considering that gut‐liver crosstalk is the main pathway through which bEVs take part in NAFLD pathogenesis, we summarize the recent findings of bEVs in gut‐liver crosstalk by modulating the reshape of gut microbial system, host intestinal barrier integrity, host immune responses and metabolic homeostasis, as well as the potential roles of bEVs in regulating NAFLD progression.
Association of maternal and paternal psychosocial stress and infant hair cortisol among Arab American immigrants: A pilot study
Authors: Khalil Dalia , Giurgescu Carmen , Misra Dawn P. , Templin Thomas , Jenuwine Elizabeth
Published: July 2022

Acculturative stress is unique among immigrants and refers to the stress associated with maintaining cultural values and traditions in the host country. Immigrant parents confront psychosocial variables such as acculturative stress, anxiety, and depression that might result in intergenerational negative consequences on their infants. Measurement of hair cortisol concentration (HCC), an outcome of neuroendocrine dysregulation, is one relatively noninvasive approach to gauge stress in infants. No published studies have evaluated associations among parents’ psychosocial variables and infants’ HCC among immigrant families. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to: (1) examine the relationship between maternal and paternal psychosocial stress variables; and (2) examine the association between psychosocial variables of both parents (acculturative stress, anxiety, and depression) and infants’ HCC among immigrant Arab American families. A sample of 31 immigrant Arab American triads (mother–father–infant) was recruited. During one home visit, each parent completed the study questionnaires separately when the baby was 6–24 months old and a hair sample was collected from the infant for HCC. Parents reported significant symptoms of anxiety (33% mothers; 45% fathers) and depression (33% mothers; 35.5% fathers). Paternal acculturative stress, anxiety, and depressive symptoms were significantly correlated to infants’ HCC. Acculturative stress, anxiety, and depressive symptoms were significantly correlated between mother–father dyads. Future research should continue to focus on immigrant families and include both parents to better understand and improve infant health.
A determination of the aerosolization efficiency of drugs of abuse in a eutectic mixture with nicotine in electronic cigarettes
Authors: Reveil Laerissa , Pearcy Adam C. , Povlick Jazmine , Poklis Justin L. , Halquist Matthew S. , Peace Michelle R.
Published: July 2022

Eutectic mixtures can be formed by adding drugs other than nicotine (DOTNs) to nicotine‐based e‐liquids in electronic cigarettes (e‐cigarettes). Thus, the interaction between nicotine e‐liquids and DOTNs must be evaluated. Presented is the change in e‐cigarette aerosolization of nicotine and methadone alone versus a 1:1 nicotine:methadone mixture to evaluate the possible formation of a eutectic mixture that can result in an increase of drug delivery. E‐liquids were prepared in‐house using 1:1 propylene glycol (PG):vegetable glycerin (VG) as a base plus nicotine, methadone hydrochloride, or 1:1 nicotine:methadone hydrochloride. The e‐liquids were aerosolized via an automated vaping machine using parameters adopted from the Cooperation Centre for Scientific Research Relative to Tobacco (CORESTA) E‐cigarette Task Force method. Drug recovery was determined by capturing the aerosol from 15 puffs generated by the e‐cigarette. Concentrations of nicotine and methadone aerosolized were determined by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry using nicotine (n = 3), methadone (n = 3), and combined nicotine/methadone e‐liquids (n = 3), each prepared in‐house at 12 mg/ml. The concentration of nicotine and methadone in 15 puffs of the single drug e‐liquids were determined to be 1.60 ± 0.20 and 2.67 ± 0.12 mg, respectively. The concentration of nicotine and methadone in 15 puffs of the multidrug e‐liquid were determined to be 3.66 ± 0.49 and 3.65 ± 0.10 mg, respectively. The single nicotine and methadone e‐liquids had recoveries of 70 ± 0.1% and 84 ± 0.1%, respectively. In the 1:1 mixture, the recovery of both drugs increased. The development of a eutectic mixture can promote aerosolization of the drug and deliver a greater dose to the user.
Rigor and reproducibility for data analysis and design in the study of eating disorders
Authors: Susanin Annabel , Boyar Allison , Costello Kayla , Fraiman Annie , Misrok Arielle , Sears Malka , Hildebrandt Tom
Published: July 2022

Objective

Incorporating open science practices has become a priority for submission criteria in the International Journal of Eating Disorders (IJED). In this systematic review, we used the rigor and reproducibility framework developed by Hildebrandt and Prenoveau (2020) to examine the implementation of statistically sound open science principles in IJED, determining whether the cost and effort of incorporating these practices ultimately make research more likely to be cited.

Method

For this systematic review, six trained coders examined 1145 articles published from January 2011 to May 2021, including the 5 years prior to the 2016 introduction of the Open Science Foundation article preregistration. We coded for the presence or absence of 10 specific open science elements and calculated citation metrics for each article.

Results

There was evidence of a significant positive relationship between time and total rigor and reproducibility (Total RR) criteria included in IJED articles following the implementation of preregistration in 2016. For every increase in year from 2011 to 2016, there was a .14 decrease in Total RR criteria. From 2016 to 2021, there was a .42 increase per volume in Total RR criteria. There was no statistically significant relationship between Total RR criteria and citation impact.

Discussion

Although findings indicate that statistical rigor and reproducibility in this field has increased, the lack of direct relationship between open science methods and article visibility for scientists suggests that there is a limited incentive for researchers to participate in reporting guidelines.

Public Significance

Statistical controversies within science threaten the rigor and reproducibility of published research. Open science practices, including the preregistration of study hypotheses, links to statistical code, and explicit data‐sharing arguably generate reliable and valid inferences. This review illustrates the rigor and reproducibility of articles published in IJED between 2011 and 2021 and identifies whether open sciences practices have become increasingly prevalent in eating disorder research.
Do Nearctic hover flies (Diptera: Syrphidae) engage in long‐distance migration? An assessment of evidence and mechanisms
Authors: Clem C. Scott , Hobson Keith A. , Harmon‐Threatt Alexandra N.
Published: July 2022

Long‐distance insect migration is poorly understood despite its tremendous ecological and economic importance. As a group, Nearctic hover flies (Diptera: Syrphidae: Syrphinae), which are crucial pollinators as adults and biological control agents as larvae, are almost entirely unrecognized as migratory despite examples of highly migratory behavior among several Palearctic species. Here, we examined evidence and mechanisms of migration for four hover fly species (Allograpta obliqua, Eupeodes americanus, Syrphus rectus, and Syrphus ribesii) common throughout eastern North America using stable hydrogen isotope (δ2H) measurements of chitinous tissue, morphological assessments, abundance estimations, and cold‐tolerance assays. Although further studies are needed, nonlocal isotopic values obtained from hover fly specimens collected in central Illinois support the existence of long‐distance fall migratory behavior in Eu. americanus, and to a lesser extent S. ribesii and S. rectus. Elevated abundance of Eu. americanus during the expected autumn migratory period further supports the existence of such behavior. Moreover, high phenotypic plasticity of morphology associated with dispersal coupled with significant differences between local and nonlocal specimens suggest that Eu. americanus exhibits a unique suite of morphological traits that decrease costs associated with long‐distance flight. Finally, compared with the ostensibly nonmigratory A. obliqua, Eu. americanus was less cold tolerant, a factor that may be associated with migratory behavior. Collectively, our findings imply that fall migration occurs in Nearctic hover flies, but we consider the methodological limitations of our study in addition to potential ecological and economic consequences of these novel findings.
Enantioselective Synthesis of 2,3,4,5‐Tetra(hydroxyalkyl)pyrrolidines through 1,3‐Dipolar Cycloadditions
Authors: Vardé Mariana , Marino Carla , Repetto Evangelina , Varela Oscar
Published: July 2022

1,3‐Dipolar cycloadditions were conducted starting from azomethine ylides and enantiomerically pure sugar‐derived dihydropyranones. The ylide intermediates were generated from imines obtained by condensation of glycine or L‐alanine esters and 2,2‐dimethoxyacetaldehyde. This aldehyde was employed as precursor of a dimethoxymethyl group attached to the pyrrolidine ring, instead of the usual aryl group derived from aromatic aldehydes. Under silver catalysis the cycloaddition was highly regio‐ and diastereoselective, affording good yields of the 2,5‐cis cycloadducts, with the endo configuration strongly prevailing. The enantioselectivity was controlled by the acetal stereocenter of the pyranone: the (S)‐isomer gave a pyrrolidine with a defined configuration for the four asymmetric ring carbons, while the (R)‐dihydropyranone gave the enantiomeric ring. A sequence of reactions applied to the cycloadducts derived from (S)‐enone afforded the target 2,3,4,5‐tetra(hydroxyalkyl)pyrrolidines. The enantiomers were obtained from cycloadducts synthesized from the (R)‐enone. The pyrrolidines were evaluated as inhibitors of the β‐galactofuranosidase from Penicillium fellutanum.
Lifestyle behaviour in adolescence and musculoskeletal pain 11 years later: The Trøndelag Health Study
Authors: Smedbråten Kaja , Grotle Margreth , Jahre Henriette , Richardsen Kåre Rønn , Småstuen Milada Cvancarova , Skillgate Eva , Øiestad Britt Elin
Published: July 2022

Background

There is limited knowledge on the association between lifestyle behaviour in adolescence and musculoskeletal pain in young adulthood. This study aimed to investigate whether an accumulation of adverse lifestyle behaviours in adolescents with and without musculoskeletal pain at baseline, was associated with persistent musculoskeletal pain (pain duration ≥3 consecutive months the last year) 11 years later.

Methods

Longitudinal data from the Trøndelag Health Study in Norway including 1824 adolescents (13–19 years old) was analysed. The outcome was persistent musculoskeletal pain (≥3 months). The number of adverse lifestyle behaviours (low physical activity level, sleep problems, insufficient fruit/vegetables consumption, smoking, frequent alcohol intoxication [drunkenness] and/or illicit drug use) were summed up to comprise an ordinal variable and analysed with 0 or 1 adverse behaviours as the reference. Multiple logistic regression analyses, stratified by individuals with and without baseline musculoskeletal pain, were conducted. The results were expressed as odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs).

Results

In adolescents with musculoskeletal pain at baseline, reporting ≥ four adverse lifestyle behaviours increased the odds of persistent musculoskeletal pain (OR 2.23, 95% CI 1.36, 3.66) 11 years later. Two and three adverse behaviours were not associated with future persistent musculoskeletal pain. In adolescents without musculoskeletal pain at baseline, an accumulation of adverse lifestyle behaviours was not associated with future persistent musculoskeletal pain.

Conclusion

An accumulation of adverse lifestyle behaviours in adolescents with musculoskeletal pain at baseline was associated with persistent musculoskeletal pain 11 years later, but not in adolescents without musculoskeletal pain at baseline.

Significance

An accumulation of four or more adverse lifestyle behaviours in adolescents with musculoskeletal pain was associated with persistent musculoskeletal pain in young adulthood. In future health care of adolescents with musculoskeletal pain, lifestyle behaviours should be assessed, with emphasis on accumulation of multiple adverse lifestyle behaviours. Focusing on an accumulation of multiple adverse lifestyle behaviours, rather than each individual behaviour, might provide a potential area for future research and interventions targeting musculoskeletal pain in youth.
Trees, large wood and streams: Using archive survey data to inform changing interactions in a human‐impacted landscape
Authors: Gurnell Angela M. , Hill Christopher T. , Davis Richard J. , Tooth Stephen
Published: July 2022

Monitoring is the key to understanding fluvial systems and a crucial foundation for assessing the outcomes of river restoration. The New Forest, southern England, was designated a National Park in 2005 in recognition of its highly valued landscape, which has been both positively and negatively impacted by over 1000 years of human management. Here we analyse archive field maps and tabulations extracted from walkover surveys that record the distribution and character of wood jams along ~59 km of New Forest streams in 1991. By integrating the 1991 archive survey data with other historical information, we analyse associations among stream channel characteristics, wood jams, riparian land cover, and stream and land management at that time. We reveal associations among these factors that reflect the imprint of centuries of grazing, forestry and stream management practices. Along ~10 km of one stream (the Highland Water), we analyse data collected during additional walkover surveys in 1997 and 2021, to track changes since 1991. We illustrate how a reduction in stream and wood management over recent decades and the restoration of some stream reaches in 2005 has resulted in overall increases in stream sinuosity and the number of wood jams. The walkover surveys on which our results are based provide an approach to characterizing the impacts of river corridor management in the New Forest landscape that are both cost and time effective and could be applied by non‐specialist volunteers (‘citizen scientists’) following appropriate training. Survey data of the spatial coverage achieved in 1991 are rare but need to be encouraged in the New Forest and farther afield to provide a robust framework into which more local, specialist surveys can be integrated, and from which the broad impacts of river corridor management approaches can be monitored.
Functional, rheological, and microstructural properties of hydrothermal puffed and raw amaranth flour suspensions
Authors: Lux (neé Bantleon) Tanja , Kardell Martha , Reimold Frederike , Erdoes Adam , Floeter Eckhard
Published: July 2022

The pseudocereal amaranth is commonly used in food as whole puffed grain. To improve the utilization of amaranth, hydrothermally treated suspensions of puffed and raw Amaranthus caudatus flour and their blends were investigated in this study. The suspensions were hydrothermally treated at 20, 50, and 80°C for 1, 5, and 24 h. The blends were treated at 80°C for 1 h. The effect of hydrothermal treatments of the suspensions on their morphological (color, SEM), water‐binding, and rheological‐functional properties was studied. The puffed amaranth suspensions exhibited cold swelling properties by rapid viscosity increase and significant water absorption properties. It was found that hydrothermal treatment at 80°C for 1 h significantly increased water absorption and viscosity in puffed and raw flour suspensions. However, the puffed suspensions showed significantly higher values in water binding and viscosity. Suspensions of raw amaranth flour showed increasing color differences with increasing temperature. Blends of raw and puffed amaranth flour resulted in a decreasing color change with increasing puffed flour content. Water absorption of the samples increased with an increasing puffed flour content. Raw amaranth flour and the 50/50 (puffed/raw) blend had the lowest, 10/90 and 20/80 (puffed/raw), and showed similar viscosity profiles to suspensions of pure puffed flour.
Obesity and its associated factors among older adults: MyHEBAT (Malaysian HEalth and Well‐Being AssessmenT) study
Authors: Kyaw Thin Mon , Ismail Zaliha , Selamat Mohamad Ikhsan , Nawawi Hapizah ,   for the MyHEBAT investigators
Published: July 2022

Background

Despite being a preventable disease, the prevalence of obesity is rising progressively worldwide. However, the prevalence of obesity and its associated factors among older adults remains unclear in Malaysia. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of obesity and its associated factors among older adults who voluntarily attended the health screening programs, which were part of the Malaysian HEalth and Well‐Being AssessmenT (My‐HEBAT) Study.

Methods

Cross‐sectional study was conducted among Malaysian adults, aged ≥60 years. A standardized self‐administered questionnaire was used to gather information regarding socio‐demographic status, personal, family and medical history. Anthropometric indices, blood pressure and physical examinations were conducted on site. Venous blood samples were collected for lipid profile and blood glucose analysis. Participants with BMI of ≥30 kg/m2 or < 30kg/m2 were classified as obese or non‐obese respectively. Age was categorized into three subgroups: 60–69, 70–79, and ≥80 years old. The factors associated with obesity among older adults were then identified using multiple logistic regression.

Results

A total of 716 older adults aged ≥60 years (mean ± SD: 66.6 ± 6.0 years) were recruited. The prevalence of obesity among older adults was 15.8%, while higher prevalence was found among females (42.9%) compared to males (38.3%). The prevalence of obesity decreased with increasing age (48.5% in 60–69 years, 20.8% in 70–79 years, and 11.8% in ≥80 years).

Conclusion

The prevalence of obesity among Malaysian population is higher than that of worldwide prevalence. Current national health promotion and educational programs should focus on identifying factors associated with obesity, and promotion of healthy lifestyle with obesity should be improved and modified, particularly for older adults in Malaysia.
Thermal performance of water‐based brines as a heat carrier for ground heat exchanger under severely cold environments
Authors: Verma Vikas , Tarodiya Rahul , Thangavel Sivasakthivel , Nath Ratnadeep
Published: July 2022

The aim of the present study is to investigate the performance of water‐based brine solutions in the ground heat exchanger (GHX) for space heating applications under severely cold climate conditions. The conventional ethylene glycol (EG) and propylene glycol (PG)‐based water solutions have been considered for investigation. For the closed‐loop vertical U‐tube GHX, a mathematically built model is developed for ambient temperature below 0°C. The thermal performance analysis of GHX is carried out for the variation in fluid flow rate and brine solutions for different mixture percentages of water in EG and PG. The percentage of the mixture and fluid flow rate varied from 25% to 60% and 0.2 to 0.6 LPS, respectively. GHX performance parameters, namely convective coefficient, pressure drop, borehole resistance, and GHX effectiveness are determined for both EG and PG brines. Better performance of GHX is noticed with EG brines as compared to PG brines for similar operating conditions. The drop in convective coefficient from 22% to 44% in the case of PG brines as compared to EG brines with the increase in mixture percentage from 25% to 60%, for the same operating conditions. The pressure drops decreased from 15% to 74% for EG mixture as compared to PG mixture at considered flow rate and mixture percentage. The effectiveness and overall borehole resistance were higher for EG as compared to the PG solution.
High‐dose Vitamin B6 supplementation reduces anxiety and strengthens visual surround suppression
Authors: Field David T. , Cracknell Rebekah O. , Eastwood Jessica R. , Scarfe Peter , Williams Claire M. , Zheng Ying , Tavassoli Teresa
Published: July 2022

Objective

Vitamins B6 and B12 are involved in metabolic processes that decrease neural excitation and increase inhibition. This double‐blind study investigated the effects of supplementation for 1 month with a high‐dose of B6 or B12, compared to placebo, on a range of behavioural outcome measures connected to the balance between neural inhibition and excitation.

Methods

478 young adults were recruited over five linked phases. Self‐reported anxiety (N = 265) and depression (N = 146) were assessed at baseline and after supplementation. Several sensory measures acted as assays of inhibitory function and were assessed post‐supplementation only; these were surround suppression of visual contrast detection (N = 307), binocular rivalry reversal rate (N = 172), and a battery of tactile sensitivity tests (N = 180).

Results

Vitamin B6 supplementation reduced self‐reported anxiety and induced a trend towards reduced depression, as well as increased surround suppression of visual contrast detection, but did not reliably influence the other outcome measures. Vitamin B12 supplementation produced trends towards changes in anxiety and visual processing.

Conclusions

Our results suggest that high‐dose Vitamin B6 supplementation increases inhibitory GABAergic neural influences, which is consistent with its known role in the synthesis of GABA.
Sediment deposition characteristics in shallow saturation excess overland flow for urban Stormwater applications
Authors: Wells Jacqueline , Wilson Gregory
Published: July 2022

Over the last several decades, urban stormwater management has grown to include green infrastructure, such as bioswales. However, little is known about the fate of particulate contaminants after depositing in bioswales and similar systems, in part due to limited understanding of sediment transport dynamics in the shallow (water depths comparable to bed roughness height), near‐saturated flow conditions typical of such systems. To better understand the sediment deposition characteristics, a flume study was performed with natural sediment and flow characteristics similar to those encountered in bioswales. A fluorescent, paramagnetic sediment tracer was used to mimic silt sized particles carried by stormwater flows, and a photographic hood was used to image the tracers deposited on the flume surface after subsequent pulses of tracer slurry, where the image intensity was established to be a reliable proxy for surface tracer concentration. These data were analysed to calculate the sediment trapping efficiency, that is, the rate of sediment deposition onto the soil surface per unit time, and samples of the flume effluent were collected to provide an independent mass balance of the deposited tracer. Experimentally determined sediment trapping efficiencies were found to decrease with increasing bed slope angle, which indicates soils at greater bed slopes will be less capable of retaining particulate‐associated contaminants, and were found to decrease over time as the soil surface became saturated with fine particles. These trapping efficiencies were also compared with mathematical models from the literature, augmented with a formula representing the observed surface‐saturation effect. The results of this study can lead to the development of more realistic models for predicting the removal performance of current stormwater remediation designs in regard to fine sediment associated contaminants.
NASICONs‐type solid‐state electrolytes: The history, physicochemical properties, and challenges
Authors: Zhang Lixiao , Liu Yimeng , You Ya , Vinu Ajayan , Mai Liqiang
Published: July 2022

Solid‐state electrolytes are critical for the development of next‐generation high‐energy and high‐safety rechargeable batteries. Among all the candidates, sodium (Na) superionic conductors (NASICONs) are highly promising because of their evident advantages in high ionic conductivity and high chemical/electrochemical stability. The concept of NASICONs was proposed by Hong and Goodenough et al. in 1976 by reporting the synthesis and characterization of Na1+xZr2(SixP3−x)O12 (0 ≤ x ≤ 3), which has attracted tremendous attention on the NASICONs‐type solid‐state electrolytes. In this review, we are committed to describing the development history of NASICONs‐type solid‐state electrolytes and elucidating the contribution of Goodenough as a tribute to him. We summarize the correlations and differences between lithium‐based and sodium‐based NASICONs electrolytes, such as their preparation methods, structures, ionic conductivities, and the mechanisms of ion transportation. Critical challenges of NASICONs‐structured electrolytes are discussed, and several research directions are proposed to tackle the obstacles toward practical applications.
Bimodal polarization‐sensitive imaging and diffuse reflectance spectroscopy facilitated rapid augmented reality for tissue stratification
Authors: Hao Shicheng , Xiong Ying , Zheng Meng , Wang Jianfeng
Published: July 2022

We reported the development of a bimodal large field of view (~95 cm2) polarization‐sensitive (PS) imaging and point‐wise diffuse reflectance (DR) spectroscopy platform synergising the advantages of the two modalities. PS‐DR spectroscopy allows simultaneous label‐free biochemical and structural analysis of the investigated tissue. For real applications, the PS imaging first grossly stratified tissue into different categories, followed by high information dimension PS‐DR spectroscopy ascertaining ambiguous tissue regions identified by the PS imaging. Tested on a tissue phantom consisting of porcine esophagus muscularis propria and submucosa, it has demonstrated the system developed could complete tissue interrogation within 0.6 minutes and with separation accuracy of 95.87%. Further test on tissue phantom consisting of natural and crushed bovine tendon mimicking normal and cancerous breast tissues validated the potential of system developed to effectively and rapidly investigate large tissue area, facilitating augmented tissue boundary demarcation.
Prognostic implication of an energy metabolism‐related 11‐gene signature in lung cancer
Authors: Zhou Yang , Wang Yuanhe
Published: July 2022

Energy metabolism therapy has gradually shown its potential in the treatment of tumor patients, but it has significant selectivity, thus distinguishing energy subtypes of lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is necessary to identify patients who may benefit from energy metabolism interference therapy. Gene expression data downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas and Gene Expression Omnibus, molecular subtypes were selected using NMF algorithm, prognostic differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified with DESeq. 2 and survival package, Lasso and cox regression analysis were used to Construct of Risk Signature. The relationship between molecular subtypes and prognosis as well as clinical characteristics were evaluated. Univariate and multivariate COX regression were used to analyze the correlation between the signature and patient prognosis. Based on 592 energy metabolism‐related genes, 430 LUAD samples were divided into three subtypes, of which C2 has the worst prognosis, and 942 prognostic DEGs were identified. 11‐gene prognostic risk signature was constructed. Compared with the traditional clinical features of T, N, and age, this 11‐gene signature performs better in predicting the risk of LUAD prognosis. At the same time, it is an independent risk factor for patient prognosis. The signature showed strong robustness in different cohorts. Compared with other published signatures, 11‐gene signatures have strong clinical applicability and accuracy. The predictive signature will enable patients with LUAD to be more accurately managed in clinical practice.
Investigating the role of residential migration history on the relationship between attachment and sense of belonging: A SEM approach
Authors: Esters Patric , Godor Brian P. , Van der Hallen Ruth
Published: July 2022

With the rate of both domestic and international migration steadily increasing, the psychological impact of residential migration remains largely unexplored. Attachment, the emotional bond we establish with those close to us, and sense of belonging, the feeling of connectedness to a community, may be vulnerable to frequent migration. This study investigates the association between individuals' early attachment style, sense of belonging, and migration history. A large international sample (N = 465) aged between 18 and 50 years old (M = 21.85; SD = 4.48), completed a survey on early attachment primary attachment style questionnaire (PASQ), sense of belonging (SOBI), and migration. Results comparing non‐movers (n = 240) to domestic movers (n = 52), international movers (n = 109), and domestic−international movers (n = 64), indicate important group differences related to early attachment and its relationship to one's sense of belonging. Moreover, insecure attachment was associated with increased migration early in life and, more in general, predictive of a negative sense of belonging later in life. Implications for both research and practice are discussed.