bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Universidades hispanas y género: una aproximación desde el estado del arte
Authors: Blanco María-del-Pilar
Published: February 2025

El tema de género en las universidades suele abordarse para conocer las condiciones y experiencias de las mujeres que las conforman. Aunque literatura anglosajona es amplia en este tema, en el caso hispano se trata de un tópico relativamente nuevo. Por ello, se realizó un estado del arte que diera pistas sobre este fenómeno en universidades de Hispanoamérica. La revisión documental reveló la vigencia de la desigualdad de género en estos espacios. Pese a que su eliminación es una meta internacional, las mujeres siguen enfrentando discriminación, violencia, segregación y otras formas de desigualdad en el ámbito universitario, lo que afecta su desarrollo académico y profesional, así como su bienestar personal. Se halló además que el enfoque interseccional poco se aborda en esta línea investigativa, pero es positivo, en términos de perspectiva de género, que las investigaciones revisadas provienen mayoritariamente de mujeres científicas.
Experimental Design and Analysis of an Enhanced SDN-Based Model for Intrusion Detection
Authors: Ahmad Ahmad Ajiya
Published: February 2025

The diversification and growth of cyberspace in the world always increases exponentially. This Antecedent increased in
network hurdle and complexity of managing associated network traffic. Traditionally, organizations amplify their network
bandwidth with centering on purchasing more hardware to patch up such difficulty. This approach is a drawback ever since it
could be an expensive lapse if the supplementary network resources are not fully utilized. Furthermore, it is habitually
sometimes unfeasible to manage the traditional network in a timely manner to respond to errors and malicious activities.
Software-Defined Network (SDN) has been emerging technology developed to reduce network complexity and enhanced
management of the entire network effectively. SDN is an efficient and robust architecture capable to control the network from
centralized point unlike the traditional network architecture. SDN discrete the data and control activity of data communications
devices, with an Application programming Interface (APT). The API is a set of rules and protocols that operate as intermediaries
allowing communication between several applications without revealing the inner workings of the network. Nowadays, different
data center’s network broadly recognizes and implemented SDN, yet, it is facing many threats which are still challenging on
securing the SDN architecture. Security problems related to SDN design include, securing network devices communication,
controlling the capacity of applications and risk of a compromised SDN controller threat. Therefore, deploying Intrusion
Detection Systems (IDSs) to observe and manage malicious activities is an essential factor of the network design. In this work we
developed an enhanced, secured and robust SDN model for intrusion detection using snort protection mechanism. The proposed
SDN network is tested for quality of service (QoS) under three different network scenarios and measure the performance based
on bandwidth, throughput, latency, packet loss and CPU usage. The simulation involved generating normal and various attack
traffic with a different packet sizes ranging from 128 bytes to 2,048 bytes. Comparative analysis with the existing model prove the
improve quality of service of the proposed SDN network.
A Step Forward to AGI: Integrating Agentic AI and Generative AI for Human-Like Intelligence
Authors: Sakhare Akash , Chavan Pruthviraj , Nandaniwala Zaid , Patne Akanksha , Desai Mrunalinee
Published: February 2025

Abstract: Artificial general intelligence (AGI) is the ultimate goal of artificial intelligence, which should be able to mimic
human-like cognitive abilities in a variety of tasks. The developing junction of generative AI—creative, content-generating
systems—and agentic AI—autonomous, goal-directed systems—is one of the possible routes to AGI. We discuss a comparative
study of these two paradigms, focusing on their different approaches, underlying difficulties, and potential synergies. This
research proposes a new angle in the light of AGI future, regarding how the autonomy and problem-solving abilities of Agentic
AI are going to create the ingenuity and adaptability of Generative AI. Second, we have drawn attention toward other significant
features that are supposed to characterize next-generation intelligent systems, including interdisciplinary research and its ethical
implications. To ensure the responsible development of AGI technologies, the paper's conclusion provides a direction for
advancing AGI, emphasizing the importance of cooperation between AI researchers, ethicists, and industry practitioners.
A Comparison of Perinatal Outcomes of Turkish and Syrian Immigrant Women: A Case-Control Study
Authors: Zehra incedal SONKAYA  , Aksüt AKÇAY Emine
Published: February 2025

This present aim the differences in prenatal, labor and neonatal outcomes for Syrian refugees and Turkish citizens. A total of 315 Turkish and 296 Syrian migrant women participated in the case-control study.  Age, age at first pregnancy, antenatal care, and prenatal hemoglobin values were significantly lower in Syrian refugee group. Stillbirth rates were higher in the Turkish citizens group. The percentage of newborns hospitalized in a neonatal intensive care need and neonatal resuscitation was higher in Syrian immigrant women. In comparison to non-refugee control patients, refugee women in our study had poor antenatal care and adverse perinatal outcomes were observed.
ALPOA: Adaptive Learning Path Optimization Algorithm for Personalized E-Learning Experiences
Authors: R.T. Subhalakshmi  , S. Geetha  , S. Dhanabal  , M. Balakrishnan
Published: February 2025

In this study, we propose the Adaptive Learning Path Optimization Algorithm (ALPOA) to enhance personalized e-learning experiences by tailoring content delivery based on individual learner profiles. ALPOA employs a hybrid optimization framework combining Genetic Algorithm (GA) and Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) to dynamically adjust learning paths. The algorithm considers multiple factors such as learner proficiency, learning speed, engagement level, and content difficulty. Experimental results demonstrate that ALPOA outperforms traditional static e-learning models, achieving a 25% improvement in learning efficiency, a 30% increase in learner engagement, and a 20% reduction in content redundancy. The model was tested on a dataset of 1,500 learners, showing a 97% accuracy in predicting optimal learning paths and a 15% higher knowledge retention rate compared to benchmark algorithms. ALPOA’s scalability and adaptability make it a promising solution for personalized education systems, fostering improved learning outcomes and satisfaction. Future work will focus on integrating real-time feedback mechanisms and expanding the algorithm to support diverse learning environments.
Peninggalan Kerajaan Majapahit: Candi, Karya Sastra, Prasasti
Authors: Febriyanti Intan , Susanti Lr Retno , Hudaidah Hudaidah
Published: February 2025

The legacy of the Majapahit Kingdom is a very important legacy for the development of culture and civilization in Indonesia. The founding of this kingdom is estimated to be in the thirteenth to sixteenth centuries, until it was known as the largest and most powerful kingdom in the archipelago. This article examines various aspects of Majapahit heritage, including architecture, art, literature, and government systems. Through analysis of artifacts such as temple remains, inscriptions and literary works, as well as their influence on local society and culture, this article was created to provide deeper knowledge about Majapahit's contribution to shaping the identity of the Indonesian nation. Apart from that, discussing the challenges of preserving these heritages in the modern era is also an important focus, considering the high historical value and tourism potential that can be developed. Thus, it is hoped that this article can increase awareness of the importance of preserving Majapahit's historical heritage for future generations.
Pelatihan Pembuatan Produk dan Legalisasi Minuman Herbal bagi Komunitas Gerakan Seribu Tangan Kreatif Lampung
Authors: Rina Oktaf , Zuriati Zuriati , Qomariyah Nurul
Published: February 2025

Kegiatan pengabdian kepada masyarakat  ini bertujuan untuk memberikan pelatihan pembuatan produk dan legalisasi minuman herbal bagi komunitas Gerakan Seribu Tangan Kreatif di Lampung. Pelatihan bertujuan untuk meningkatkan keterampilan dan pengetahuan anggota komunitas dalam memproduksi minuman herbal yang berkualitas. Dalam konteks ini, pelatihan tidak hanya mencakup aspek teknis pembuatan minuman herbal, tetapi juga aspek legalitas yang diperlukan untuk memasarkan produk secara resmi. Kegiatan ini dihadiri oleh 28 pemilik UMKM yang tergabung dalam wadah Gerakan Seribu Tangan Kreatif Lampung. Program ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan dan keterampilan anggota komunitas dalam memproduksi minuman herbal yang berkualitas, serta memahami pentingnya legalisasi produk untuk meningkatkan daya saing di pasar. Jenis produk herbal yang dibuat adalah minuman yang berbahan baku buah serta rempah alami dan diproses secara hygiene. Dengan memanfaatkan potensi lokal dan sumber daya alam yang melimpah, diharapkan komunitas ini dapat menghasilkan karya dalam bentuk minuman kesehatan. Dengan meningkatnya kesadaran masyarakat akan pentingnya kesehatan maka produk minuman herbal memiliki potensi pasar yang tinggi karena diminati konsumen. Oleh karena itu, kegiatan ini dapat memberikan dampak positif bagi perekonomian lokal dan meningkatkan kesejahteraan anggota komunitas.
Kata kunci : minuman herbal, hygiene, komunitas gerakan seribu tangan kreatif Lampung, UMKM
Family Medicine Education and Training in Sub-Saharan Africa
Authors: Mash Robert , Besigye Innocent , Essuman Akye , Lubaki Jean-Pierre Fina , Makasa Mpundu , Makwero Martha , Mohamoud Gulnaz
Published: February 2025

In this article we reflect on the state of family medicine education and training in sub-Saharan Africa; in particular, we focus on these key issues: advocacy, evidence of impact, barriers and enablers, and implementation strategies. Sub-Saharan Africa is the last region of the world to embrace family medicine, and adoption varies widely among countries. Family physicians with postgraduate training are relatively few. In the public sector, primary care is mostly offered by nurses or physician assistants, while in the private sector, it is offered by general practitioners. Family physicians work in both primary care and primary hospitals, in multidisciplinary teams; as clinicians, consultants, capacity builders, clinical trainers, leaders of clinical governance and may also have some managerial functions.
Advocacy for the contribution of family physicians and training programs is needed with departments of health, regulatory bodies, higher education institutions, and other health professions. Evidence of impact in the African context is limited due to the small numbers and limited research outputs.
Barriers and enablers to education and training are related to the stage of development. Key issues include a lack of academic and teaching expertise, a need to develop learning environments and clinical trainers, sufficient training posts, and appropriate deployment of new graduates.
Implementation strategies to overcome these barriers can be categorized into planning, educational, financial, quality management, and policy related strategies. A South-South-North approach to support and partnerships is advocated. More attention should be given to engaging the public on the contribution of family medicine.
Perda precoce de dentes decíduos e a indicação de mantenedores de espaço em odontopediatria: revisão de literatura
Authors:   , Rosa Beatriz Teixeira Nunes da , Rinaldo Gabriella Machado , Morais Larissa Romano , Stefanini Mariana da Silva , Oliveira Rafaela de Lima
Published: February 2025

: A dentição decídua exerce funções importantes de mastigação, deglutição, fonação e estética, e os dentes decíduos mantém espaço para erupção do sucessor permanente. A perda precoce ocorre quando o dente decíduo é perdido antes do seu sucessor permanente atingir o estágio 6 de Nolla, ou seja, quando a coroa estiver completa. Os principais fatores etiológicos são: cárie dentária, traumatismo, anquilose, exodontia, reabsorção anormal e restauração inadequada. Acarreta diversos danos no sistema estomatognático da criança, afetando principalmente a oclusão devido à perda do espaço pela migração dos dentes adjacentes, além de afetar nos aspectos morfológicos, funcionais, psicossociais e no bem-estar da criança. Para este trabalho de revisão de literatura foram selecionados 28 artigos e livros relacionados ao tema, disponíveis nas plataformas Scielo, Google Acadêmico, PubMed e Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde. O presente estudo visa compreender as consequências da perda precoce de dentes decíduos em odontopediatria, sua etiologia e influência na dentadura permanente, além de enfatizar a importância do cirurgião-dentista no diagnóstico precoce e da ortodontia preventiva através do uso de mantenedores de espaço. Conclui-se através deste presente trabalho que a perda precoce pode desenvolver diversas alterações negativas, sendo de extrema importância uma correta conduta do profissional tanto na prevenção, quanto no planejamento e execução de um correto tratamento.
Apalabrar la experiencia: didacticas para el aula (OLEE)
Authors: Ramírez Rave Juan Manuel , Cardona Colorado Ana Lucía , Henao Ospina Sebastián
Published: February 2025

Este libro surge de la necesidad de ofrecer nuevas herramientas pedagógicas en un contexto educativo en constante transformación. "Apalabrar la experiencia: didácticas para el aula (OLEE)" responde a las inquietudes de los docentes en la enseñanza de habilidades transversales como la oralidad, lectura, escritura y escucha, fundamentales para desarrollar el pensamiento crítico y complejo del estudiante. El proyecto tiene su origen en la investigación del Grupo de Investigación Literatura Latinoamericana y Enseñanza de la Literatura, que busca mapear didácticas emergentes en diversas instituciones educativas de Risaralda. Además, se inspira en el trabajo de Sebastián Henao, cuyo enfoque decolonial desafía las lógicas coloniales presentes en los modelos educativos, promoviendo narrativas más inclusivas y respetuosas de los saberes locales. El libro integra teoría y práctica, apoyándose en la colaboración de docentes y estudiantes. También incluye experiencias como el Programa de Acompañamiento en Lectura y Escritura (PALE), que transforma las dinámicas del aula al fomentar la participación activa del estudiante en su propio aprendizaje. Finalmente, el libro invita a reflexionar y transformar las prácticas educativas, proponiendo didácticas flexibles y contextuales que valoran el rol activo del docente como agente de cambio. Las estrategias presentadas buscan decolonizar la enseñanza y promover una educación inclusiva y adaptativa en las aulas colombianas.
High-Level Thinking Test on Science Material for Fifth Grade Elementary School Students
Authors: I Made Arsana  , Ida Bagus Putu Arnyana  , I Made Candiasa
Published: February 2025

The quality of the instrument that does not apply high-level thinking skills greatly influences students' ability in high-level thinking, which is still lacking. This study aims to create a high-level thinking test in science for grade V elementary school students. The instrument developed is in the form of a descriptive test consisting of 20 questions on Style material. This study is an R&D study with a Formative Research model. The data analysis technique uses quantitative analysis and inferential statistics. The study subjects were experts and practitioners, teachers and elementary school students. The study results obtained a prototype of a high-level thinking test in science consisting of 1 package of science material in a description. The validity of the test obtained 17 valid items. All valid questions are reliable. The test discrimination index obtained 3 questions in the medium category and 14 in the high category. The test item difficulty index is in the medium category. The test parameters' accuracy level obtained 10 questions in the fit category and 7 in the unfit category. A high logit value indicated students' ability to solve questions. The study concludes that the instrument developed can measure students' high-level thinking skills and be used in the learning process. This research implies that the questions that have been developed can be used by teachers to measure the effectiveness of learning according to student needs.
Fantasy Gymnastics Learning Video Based on Fable Stories to Stimulate the Imagination of Early Childhood
Authors: Putu Gita Cintya Dewi  , Putu Aditya Antara  , Made Vina Arie Paramita
Published: February 2025

Lack of media or supporting facilities for learning in schools results in delays in children's cognitive development, such as the child's imagination process. Based on this, a study aimed to analyze the Fantasy Gymnastics Learning Video Based on Fable Stories to Stimulate the Imagination of Early Childhood Group B Kindergarten. The subjects in this study were 20 children in group B, with the object of research being the imagination ability of early childhood. The research model used was the ADDIE model. The data collection method used was a questionnaire and observation. The instrument used was a questionnaire sheet. The data analysis technique used was quantitative and qualitative analysis. The results of the feasibility and practicality test of the media obtained very decent results from experts and practitioners. The effectiveness test results showed that H1 was accepted and H0 was rejected, so it can be concluded that the fantasy gymnastics learning video based on fable stories is declared effective in stimulating the development of early childhood imagination. This study implies that the fantasy gymnastics learning video based on fable stories can facilitate students' learning and help teachers achieve more optimal learning goals.
Leaderboard as an Element of Gamification and Student Self-Efficacy for Performance Achievement
Authors: Aris Triwahyu Febriansah  , Yerry Soepriyanto  , Muhibuddin Fadhli
Published: February 2025

Less innovative learning activities have an impact on an unpleasant learning atmosphere. Project-based learning (PjBL) with a gamification approach presents innovative learning to increase motivation, engagement, and achievement of learner performance. As a gamification mechanism, the leaderboard provides feedback by reporting learner achievement and progress. This study aims to comprehensively analyze and provide evidence of the effect of the use of leaderboards and students' self-efficacy levels on their performance achievement in project-based learning. This study uses Quasi-experimental quantitative method with 2x3 factorial experimental design. The research sample consisted of 94 undergraduate students who took the Interactive Multimedia course. The data collection method used observation and questionnaires. The research instrument used a questionnaire sheet. Data were analyzed with inferential statistics using a two-way ANOVA test. The results showed a significant difference in the average performance score between the class that used the leaderboard and the class that did not use the leaderboard. The application of the leaderboard mechanism as a gamification method has a positive impact on students' learning achievement in project-based learning. The results also show that the level of self-efficacy has a significant impact on student achievement.
Functional diversity of sharks through time: past, present and future
Authors:   , Cooper Jack
Published: February 2025

Modern sharks have played multiple roles in marine ecosystems for over 250 million years. Yet, today, overfishing is driving over one-third of shark species towards extinction. Traditionally, scientists assess extinctions by evaluating changes in species diversity. However, the ecology of species depends on their functional traits, the diversity of which (functional diversity) dictates how species contribute to ecosystem structure and stability. Thus, to understand the ecological consequences of extinctions, it is imperative to record changes in functional diversity. Determining how shark functional diversity has changed through time through their rich, continuous dental fossil record could draw an unprecedented parallel on how extinctions have shaped past, present and future marine communities. First, I assessed the extent to which dental characters can serve as proxies for functional traits in living sharks using a literature review and two validation analyses (chapter 2). This identified seven dental character proxies for body size, prey preference and feeding mechanism, providing a framework to infer these traits from fossil teeth. Second, I investigated changes in functional diversity over the last 66 million years using teeth (chapter 3). This found that shark functional diversity was relatively high for over 50 million years, before declining to its lowest level today over the last 10 million years due to the extinctions of functionally unique and specialised species that inordinately influence ecosystem functioning. Finally, I simulated future shark extinctions and quantified resulting changes in functional diversity (chapter 4). The results projected further declines, and poleward shifting of functional diversity by 2100 and near-worldwide increases in functional uniqueness, rendering virtually all marine habitats functionally susceptible to further extinctions, with the most functionally unique and specialised sharks at greatest risk. Overall, this thesis highlights the importance of prioritising protections for sharks disproportionately contributing to functional diversity to conserve the health of our oceans.
A guerra na Ucrânia e a ordem de segurança europeia
Authors: Daehnhardt Patricia
Published: February 2025

O regresso da guerra na Europa marcou o colapso da ordem de segurança europeia, o enfraquecimento da ordem internacional liberal baseada em regras e a crescente cristalização ideológica entre democracias e autocracias. Se a Aliança Atlântica e a União Europeia inicialmente responderam de forma unida à agressão russa, levantam-se agora questões sobre a política do futuro presidente norte-americano Donald Trump sobre a política dos Estados Unidos para a Aliança Atlântica e sobre a continuação do apoio militar americano e europeu à Ucrânia. Um hipotético fim da ajuda dos Estados Unidos à Ucrânia não apenas colocaria em causa a sobrevivência da Ucrânia enquanto Estado soberano, como contribuiria para o aumento das divisões entre os aliados transatlânticos. Nesse sentido, a guerra na Ucrânia tem implicações diretas sobre a estabilidade da ordem de segurança europeia.
Impasses e ambiguidades em Taiwan: a República da China (Taiwan), a República Popular da China e os Estados Unidos da América
Authors: Rato Vasco
Published: February 2025

Este artigo analisa as principais questões levantadas pela problemática em torno da unificação de Taiwan com a República Popular da China. Partindo de uma descrição do endurecimento da posição de Pequim relativamente ao independentismo na ilha, considera, depois, a deterioração das relações entre as autoridades comunistas e taiwanesas no seguimento da vitória eleitoral, em 2016, de Tsai Ing-wen. Neste quadro de crescente confronto, avalia-se, por último, a política chinesa da Administração Biden e o seu impacto na estabilidade regional.
The History of Iṣlāḥ al-Gazālī's Movement and Its Relevance to Contemporary Education Concept
Authors: Azwar Azwar , Ikhsan Muhammad
Published: February 2025

The aim of this research is to understand the history of the islāḥ al-Gazālī movement and its relevance to the concept of contemporary education. This research method is qualitative-descriptive, using library research techniques and historical and sociological approaches. The findings indicate that al-Gazālī started the islāḥ movement by repairing himself first. Further, al-Gazāli diagnosed the problems faced by the Islamic community and found that the quality of society, good or bad, depended on the knowledge and credibility of scholars. Based on this diagnosis, al-Gazālī took improvement measures by including: producing a new generation of scholars and educators; designing educational systems and curricula in accordance with Islamic principles; reviving the mission of al-‘amr bi al-ma’rūf wa al-nahyī ‘an al-munkar; and fighting for social justice. Al-Gazālī's thoughts and actions played a crucial role in the process of reform and renewal in society, which produced the generation of Ṣalāḥuddīn al-Ayyūbī through reform of thought and education. In today's context, al-Gazālī's thought and movement suggest that the problem of Islam needs to be overcome from its root, namely "moral reform". The role of the scholar and the leader of the people are the two main elements that support the survival of the people, and both of these aspects should get serious attention.
Achieving sustainable development goals through ecological sanitation in the Philippines
Authors: Cruz Geoffrey Rhoel C.
Published: February 2025

This study aims to assess the current state of toilet use in the Philippines as well as present the perspectives of ecological sanitation as a viable alternative to the use of conventional toilet in addressing the issue of environmental sustainability to contribute to the achievement of Sustainable Development Goal 6: Water and Sanitation for all by 2030. Four identified ecological sanitation projects were pilot tested in certain localities in the Philippines such as the Tingloy Island in Batangas City, the City of San Fernando, La Union, in Cagayan De Oro, Misamis Oriental, and in Mulanay, Quezon Province. The findings of the feasibility study showed that people would be willing out to try a new technology like the ecosan toilet if the perceive benefit like solutions to lack of water supply and improve agricultural productions dispels community hesitations. Moreover, this study concludes that ecological sanitation aligns with environmental sustainability objectives. It manages to address the urgent need for effective sanitation solutions in the face of rapid development and consumption.
Antibodies ABCD_RB989-RB998 recognize the Dictyostelium discoideum GAA protein by ELISA
Authors: Marchetti Anna , Hammel Philippe
Published: February 2025

The 10 recombinant antibodies ABCD_RB989 to ABCD_RB998 detect by ELISA the purified Dictyostelium discoideum GAA protein.
Bovine Coronavirus Isolation and Cultivation in Continuous Cell Lines
Authors: Dea S. , Roy R. S. , Begin M. E.
Published: February 2025

Vero, Madin-Darby bovine kidney, and porcine kidney-15 continuous cell lines were shown to be satisfactory for the isolation and multiplication of the Nebraska calf diarrhea coronavirus (ncdc), as well as bovine coronaviruses isolated from affected calves with scours in Quebec dairy and beef herds. A readily recognizable cytopathic effect (cpe) was produced in these cell cultures as early as the second or third passage. The viruses could also be serially propagated in these cell cultures, and electron microscopic examination of infected cells showed characteristic coronavirus particles identical to those found in intestinal contents of diarrheal calves. Viral antigens could also be demonstrated by immunofluorescent staining, and viral yield varied between 106 to 107 median tissue culture infective dose/ml after 10 to 15 passages. A cpe was also produced in fetal bovine kidney cells, but it was difficult to recognize, and cpe was not produced in several other continuous cell lines tested or in primary fetal lamb kidney cells. Syncytia were not detected in susceptible cell cultures.

It was also demonstrated that the infection of Vero cells by ncdc could be managed culturally in such a way as to produce a maximum of the viral production capacity whether by acting on the cell adsorption properties or on the cell metabolism. The addition of heat-inactivated bovine fetal serum without γ-globulins to the maintenance medium (up to 5%) did not inhibit the growth of the virus in these cells, whereas the pH of inoculation and incubation media was shown to affect it significantly. Cell-sheet treatment with dactinomycin (up to 0.05 μg/ml), trypsin (up to 20 μg/ml), DEAE-dextran (up to 25 μg/ml), and hypertonic medium significantly increased the production of ncdc or appearance of viral cytopathogenicity or both.
Effect of Vaccinal and Passive Immunity on Experimental Infection of Pigs with Porcine Parvovirus
Authors: Paul P. S. , Mengeling W. L. , Brown T. T.
Published: February 2025

One group of 5 pigs was vaccinated twice at 6 and 8 weeks of age with an inactivated porcine parvovirus (ppv) vaccine. A 2nd group of 5 pigs was passively immunized at 9 weeks of age, and a 3rd group of 5 pigs served as nonimmunized controls. The immunity of all pigs was challenged with live ppv at 10 weeks of age. Four vaccinated pigs with hemagglutinating-inhibiting (hi) antibody titer of 160 to 640 and 3 passively immunized pigs with hi titer of 80 to 160 were resistant to ppv infection. Neither infective virus nor viral antigen was detected in their tissues. However, virus replicated in tissues of 1 vaccinated and 2 passively immunized pigs with hi titers of 80, and viral antigen was detected in their lymphoid tissues. There was a 4-fold increase of hi titer in 1 passively immunized pig. Viremia and viral excretion were not detected in any of the vaccinated or passively immunized pigs. In contrast, ppv replicated in the tissues of nonimmunized pigs; both virus and viral antigen were detected in their tissues, and they produced hi antibodies to ppv. All nonimmunized pigs developed viremia and shed virus in oral secretions and feces. Our data show that a high level of humoral antibodies is required for protection from ppv infection.
Comparison of Bone Scans and Radiography for Detecting Bone Neoplasms in Dogs Exposed to 238PuO2
Authors: Wolff R. K. , Merickel B. S. , Rebar A. H. , Mewhinney J. A.
Published: February 2025

Radioisotopic bone scans and radiography were used to detect bone neoplasms in 144 dogs that inhaled α-particle-emitting 238PuO2 particles. Radiography was used routinely to survey the skeleton of the dogs. Nineteen dogs developed bone neoplasms; 17 of these were studied with bone scans and radiography; both methods showed a high degree of success in detecting bone neoplasms. Predominant regions of occurrence have been the lumbar region of the spine and the humerus. The bone scanning method used γ-camera detection of iv injected 99mTc-labeled methylene diphosphonate. All neoplasms detected radiographically also were identified by bone scans. In addition, 3 lesions confirmed histologically as osteosarcomas were detected by bone scanning, but were missed by radiography. Bone scanning was a more sensitive means for the detection of bone neoplasms than were routine radiographic procedures.
Effect of Ambient Temperature and Humidity on Urine Output in Sheep
Authors: Guerrini Vincent Henry , Koster Naomi , Bertchinger Henk
Published: February 2025

Urine output, respiratory rate, water intake, plasma and urine osmolalities, and pcv of 6 sheep exposed to 4 weeks each of hot-humid, hot-dry, and cool-humid environments alternated with 3 weeks each of cool-dry control environments were determined.

Compared with urine output during the control environment, urine output increased during hot-humid, hot-dry, and cool-humid exposure, but was 70% greater during the hot-humid environment than during hot-dry exposure. Water intake increased 37% to 45% during hot-dry exposure but decreased 34% during the first 2 weeks of cool-humid exposure. Urine osmolality decreased 38%, 22%, and 44% during hot-humid, hot-dry, and cool-humid exposure, respectively, whereas plasma osmolality values only increased 3% during hot-dry exposure. Respiratory rates increased on exposure to both hot environments, but decreased during cool-humid exposure. The pcv decreased 3% after 1 week of hot-humid exposure, 8% after 4 weeks of hot-dry exposure, and 5% after 4 weeks of cool-humid exposure.

Urine output, and probably plasma volume, increased during these periods because evaporative heat loss was reduced due to the lack of adequate air convection and mobility. Heat loss through increased urine output was not significant (P < 0.2). Enclosed sheep should be kept with short fleeces and should be maintained in conditions of low temperature and adequate convection if representative physiologic, biochemical, and pharmacologic assessments are desired.
Sarcocystis Infections in Georgia Swine
Authors: Prestwood Annie K. , Cahoon Robert W. , McDaniel H. Thomas
Published: February 2025

Tissues from 168 mature sows obtained at slaughter in northern and southern Georgia were examined for nfection with Sarcocystis spp. Digestion techniques revealed zoites in 28 (16.6%) sows. Infected meat was fed co laboratory-reared dogs, cats, raccoons (Procyon lotor), and opossums (Didelphis marsupialis). Dogs and raccoons shed sporocysts (8.3 μm ×11.2 μm) 12 to 14 days after infection. Cats and opossums were refractory to infection.

Sarcocystis-free pigs were infected with 50,000 sporocysts of swine-dog origin. Tissues from laboratory-infected swine were fed to dogs and raccoons. Both species shed sporocysts 14 days later. This is the 1st time in which a definitive host has been demonstrated for species of Sarcocystis occurring in North American swine. The raccoon constitutes a new definitive host for S suicanis Erber 1977. In contrast to previously reported low prevalences of Sarcocystis infections in swine, the relatively high prevalence reported here indicates that S suicanis may be of importance to swine producers in Georgia.
Treatment of Syphacia obvelata in the Syrian Hamster (Mesocricetus auratus) with Piperazine Citrate
Authors: Unay Eduardo S. , Davis Barbara J.
Published: February 2025

The effective dose for eradication of Syphacia obvelata infestation in Syrian hamsters (Mesocricetus auratus) was determined and a colony of 2,278 hamsters housed in 751 cages were treated. Two treatment courses with 10 mg of piperazine citrate/ml of drinking water for 7 days, separated by 5 days without treatment, achieved eradication of parasites previously demonstrated by perianal fecal smears containing ova.
Morphologic Evidence of the Histogenesis of Epithelial Thymoma in a Cow
Authors: Momotani E. , Nakamura N. , Shoya S.
Published: February 2025

Light and electron microscopic studies were performed on an epithelial thymoma obtained from a cow. Tumor masses were found in the cervical and dorsal mediastinal portions, in the hilus and parenchyma of the lung, on the surface of the kidney, and in a uterine horn. The masses were encapsulated and divided into distinct lobules or nodules by prominent trabeculae. Examination of the tumor cells by light microscopy showed squamous epithelial characteristics in both the eosinophilic granules and the periodic acid-Schiff-positive granules.

Electron microscopic observations revealed that the tumor cells had intercellular microvilli, which appeared to be the interdigitations between the cells, tonofilaments, and desmosomes. A few of the tumor cells contained round vesicles which resembled the hypertrophic type of epithelial cells of a normal thymus. These findings indicated that the tumor originated in the thymus’ epithelial cells.
Surface Rippling of the Lower Left Flank of the Cow: Mirror of Ruminal Motilit
Authors: McCarthy P. H.
Published: February 2025

A detailed description is given of 5 types of surface ripples occurring on the ventral part of the lateral abdominal region of the healthy dairy cow. Results of endoruminal palpation and concurrent visual observation of healthy cows which have permanent ruminal fistulae indicate that the more apparent ripples are due to the movements and changes in tension of the underlying cranial and caudal parts of the left longitudinal pillar and the left accessory pillar of the rumen. The ripples occur during both the primary (or mixing) cycle and the secondary (or eructation) cycle of ruminal motility.

The cause of the rising and sinking of the left paralumbar fossa is discussed, and a correlation is made between their occurrence and that of the surface rippling. The possible clinical significance of the rippling is considered.
Bronchoalveolar Washing Cells and Immunoglobulins of Clinically Normal Calves
Authors: Wilkie B. N. , Markham R. J. F.
Published: February 2025

Immunoglobulins (Ig) and cells have been characterized and quantitated in fluids obtained by lavage of clinically normal calf lungs, using fiberoptics bronchoscopy. Although IgA predominated in most individual bronchoalveolar fluid samples, the average ratio of IgG/IgA in the fluid was greater than the ratio in nasal washings and less than the ratio in serum. Macrophages were the predominant cell type, followed by lymphocytes and neutrophils.
Anthelmintic Efficacy of Albendazole Against Inhibited Larvae of Ostertagia ostertagi
Authors: Williams J. C. , Knox J. W. , Baumann B. A. , Snider T. G. , Hoerner T. J.
Published: February 2025

Albendazole was evaluated for its efficacy against inhibited early 4th-stage larvae of Ostertagia ostertagi for the 3rd consecutive year (April 1979) in naturally infected yearling beef cattle. Mean numbers of O ostertagi developmental stages in 10 nontreated controls were: adults, 11,485; developing 4th-stage larvae, 1,370; and early 4th-stage larvae, 51,500. The mean proportion of inhibited early 4th-stage larvae was 76.8%. Small numbers of Haemonchus sp and Trichostrongylus axei were uniformly present in the controls. At a dosage level of 7.5 mg/kg of body weight in a group of 10 cattle, the percentage of reduction in comparison with controls was: O ostertagi adults, 93.5; developing 4th-stage larvae, 53.4; and early 4th-stage larvae, 30.8. Percentage of reduction against Haemonchus sp and T axei adults was 94.5 and 100.0, respectively. At the larger dosage of 10.0 mg/kg in 10 cattle, percentage of reduction was: O ostertagi adults, 94.8; developing 4th-stage larvae, 49.5; and early 4th-stage larvae, 18.6. Percentage of reduction against Haemonchus sp and T axei adults was 100.0 for both species. Considerable variability of efficacy against inhibited larvae, as well as developing 4th-stage larvae in half of the animals of each treatment group, was responsible for the poor reductions. Clinical signs of toxicosis were not observed after administration of albendazole.
Clinical Chemistry of Anaplasmosis: Blood Chemical Changes in Infected Mature Cows
Authors: Allen P. C. , Kuttler K. L. , Amerault T. E.
Published: February 2025

The clinical chemical changes induced by Anaplasma marginale infection were determined in 16 adult, intact cows infected with either of 2 virulent isolates and in 8 others treated with a live sheep-attenuated A marginale vaccine and were compared with the clinical chemical analyses in 7 noninfected controls. Blood samples from the cows were analyzed for various serum components before and during clinical disease.

Cows infected with the 2 virulent isolates had maximum erythrocyte parasitemias (0.5% to 66%) between 1 and 11 days of patency (dp); 7 of the 16 infected animals died within 5 to 12 dp. Cows given the sheep-attenuated anaplasma vaccine had maximum parasitemias (0.1% to 4.2%) between 1 and 16 dp and none died.

Infection with the virulent isolates produced severe anemia (mean rbc count = about 2 million/mm3) and caused increases in serum total bilirubin (tbili), direct bilirubin (dbili), serum urea nitrogen (sun), alkaline phosphatase (alp), and serum aspartate aminotransferase (ast) that were significantly higher than comparable changes in control values. These increases were highest after peak parasitemias in surviving animals. Vaccination with the attenuated isolate produced a mild anemia (mean rbc count = about 5 million/mm3) and a significant increase only in alp.

Marked increase in tbili, dbili, sun, alp, and ast were detected 0 to 1 day before death in 3 cows. However, such increases were not observed 2 to 4 days before death in the other cows that died.
Chronic Catheterization of Coronary Sinus in Large Domestic Animals
Authors: Manohar M. , Thurmon J. C. , Tranquilli W. J. , Shawley R. V. , Froelich P.
Published: February 2025

A technique was developed for long-term catheterization of the coronary sinus in calves and ponies. A catheter with a 10 to 12 cm-long stiff segment was implanted via right lateral thoracotomy. Catheters were kept patent up to 10 weeks after the surgical procedure. At that time, location of the catheter tip was confirmed both by determining oxygen tension of the anaerobically sampled blood and by radiography. Base-line values of oxygen tension and content in the coronary venous blood of nonanesthetized calves and ponies are reported.
Acid-Base Status and Blood Gas Alterations Following Experimental Uremia in Cattle
Authors: Sharma S. N. , Singh Jit , Kumar V. Rama , Prasad B. , Kohli R. N.
Published: February 2025

Experimental uremia created by obstructing the urethra of 7 cross-bred bulls was associated with significant (P < 0.05) increases in pcv, blood urea nitrogen concentration, arterial and venous pH and PCO2, arterial bicarbonate, and base excess. Total serum protein concentration decreased nonsignificantly. Arterial PO2 reduced significantly during later stages of uremia. Arterial and venous oxygen saturation, arteriovenous oxygen difference, oxygen extraction ratio, and arteriovenous pH difference were not affected significantly. Uremia was characterized by progressive metabolic alkalosis with, as a compensation, hypercapnia, and arterial hypoxemia. There was no evidence of systemic shunting of blood except in 1 animal.
Chemotherapeutic Effect of 2-Deoxy-D-Glucose Against Respiratory Syncytial Viral Infection in Calves
Authors: Mohanty S. B. , Rockemann D. D. , Davidson J. P. , Tripathy R. N. , Ingling A. L.
Published: February 2025

Daily injection of 2-deoxy-d-glucose (2-dG) protected calves against mild clinical signs of a respiratory tract infection caused by bovine respiratory syncytial virus. The drug had no effect, however, on the gross and histopathologic changes produced by the virus in the lungs. The drug was also ineffective when given after the clinical respiratory tract signs developed.
Relationship of Sulfamethazine in Swine Diets and Resultant Tissue Concentrations, Using Tishler and Gas Liquid Chromatographic Methods
Authors: Lloyd W. E. , Jenny A. L. , Cox D. F. , Rottinghaus G. E.
Published: February 2025

Sulfamethazine (110 mg/kg of feed) was fed to 4 groups of pigs for 10 days. Each group was then fed withdrawal rations containing 0, 1.1, 11.0, or 110.0 mg/kg of feed for 10 days before slaughter. A 5th group was fed a sulfamethazine-free diet only. Fat, kidney, liver, and muscle from each pig were analyzed by several laboratories, using the Tishler Bratton-Marshall (bm) and gas liquid chromatographic (glc) methods. Mean background (bg) amounts of sulfamethazine, as measured in control tissues, were essentially negligible using glc; however, bm bg values (mean ± sd), expressed as milligrams of sulfamethazine per kilogram of edible animal tissue (ppm) were: fat 0.019 ± 0.003, kidney 0.048 ± 0.012, liver 0.053 ± 0.024, and muscle 0.018 ± 0.017. Regression of tissue sulfamethazine on feed sulfamethazine, as measured by glc and bm adjusted for bm-bg values, yielded essentially linear plots. Values obtained by glc and corrected bm were highly correlated, but the variability was higher, using glc. The linear model predicted that the dietary sulfamethazine required to produce 0.1 ppm in liver as measured by the bm, bm-bg, and glc were 1.6, 2.8, and 3.4 ppm, respectively. The concentrations necessary to produce 0.1 ppm in muscle were 5.3, 6.2, and 5.5 ppm. The thin-layer chromatographic method of screening swine plasma was a good predictor of tissue sulfamethazine values.
An Enteric Coronavirus Infection of Cats and Its Relationship to Feline Infectious Peritonitis
Authors: Pedersen Niels C. , Boyle John F. , Floyd Kim , Fudge Alan , Barker Janet
Published: February 2025

An enteric coronavirus that is antigenically closely related to feline infectious peritonitis virus (fipv) is ubiquitous in the cat population. This virus has been designated feline enteric coronavirus to differentiate it from fipv. The virus is shed in the feces by many seropositive cats; in catteries it is a cause of inapparent to mildly severe enteritis in kittens 6 to 12 weeks of age. The virus may produce a more severe enteritis in young specific-pathogen-free kittens. Feline enteric coronavirus selectively infects the apical columnar epithelium of the intestinal villi, from the caudal part of the duodenum to the cecum. In severe infections, there are sloughing of the tips of the villi and villous atrophy. Many cats recovering from the disease remain carriers of the virus. Recovered cats, observed for 3 to 24 months, remained healthy and did not develop peritonitis, pleuritis, or granulomatous disease.

The relationship of feline enteric coronavirus and fipv was studied. Although the viruses were antigenically similar, they were distinctly different in their pathogenicities. The enteric coronavirus did not cause feline infectious peritonitis in coronavirus antibody-negative cats inoculated orally or intraperitoneally nor in coronavirus antibody-positive cats inoculated intraperitoneally or intratracheally.

Serologic tests, using fipv, canine coronavirus, and transmissible gastroenteritis virus of swine as substrate antigens in fluorescent antibody procedures may not accurately identify fipv infection. These tests do not appear to distinguish between fipv and this feline enteric coronavirus.
Blood Concentrations of β Hydroxybutyrate in Clinically Normal Holstein-Friesian Herds and in Those with a High Prevalence of Clinical Ketosis
Authors: Herdt T. H. , Stevens J. B. , Olson W. G. , Larson V.
Published: February 2025

Statistical parameters necessary for the comparison of herd blood β hydroxybutyrate (hb) concentration means with hb concentrations in the general population were determined in 11 clinically normal herds of Holstein-Friesian cows. These parameters were then used to compare clinically normal cows from 2 Holstein-Friesian herds experiencing a high prevalence of clinical ketosis with the normal population. Blood hb concentration means were compared with plasma glucose concentration means for their relative value as predictors of clinical ketosis prevalence within a herd.

Blood hb concentration values were distributed approximately log normal and were directly related to amount of milk production. Herds with a high prevalence of clinical ketosis had blood hb log means higher (P < 0.01) and glucose means lower (P < 0.05) than did the normal population.

Herd blood hb log means should be determined on 7 or more animals within specified production groups. When these means exceed the normal population log mean by more than 1 sd, susceptible cows in the herd may be at increased risk for the development of clinical ketosis. Blood hb log means may be of greater value than are plasma glucose concentration means for the prediction of herd ketosis prevalence.
Comparison of Antibody Titers to Porcine Parvovirus in Serum and Ovarian Follicular Fluid
Authors: Thacker B. J. , Sauber T. E. , Leman A. D.
Published: February 2025

The relationship between hemagglutination-inhibiting antibody titers to porcine parvovirus in serum and those in ovarian follicular fluid was investigated. Blood samples and ovarian follicular fluid were collected from 17 sows and 12 gilts for comparison. Serum and follicular fluid titers were similar in all of 26 seropositive animals and, with one exception, within one 2-fold dilution of each other. Antibody was not detected in either serum or follicular fluid of the other 3 animals. These results indicated that either serum or follicular fluid can be used to determine serologic status for porcine parvovirus.