bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
EFEKTIVITAS TERAPI TOUCH AND TALK DAN TERAPI BERCERITA TERHADAP KECEMASAN ANAK USIA 3-6 TAHUN DI RUANG EDELWEIYS RSUD Dr. M. YUNUS BENGKULU
Authors: Harsismanto J Harsismanto J , Yanti Lussyefrida , Alfathona Ilham
Published: December 2019

Between preschool age children will be very careful about something that is considered hurt themselves, besides that children's fears can occur because children are afraid of losing parents like when children are treated. The purpose of this study was to determine the comparison of the effectiveness of touch and talk therapy and therapy storytelling to anxiety of children aged 3-6 years in Edelweis rooms RSUD Dr. M. Yunus Bengkulu.This research is a quantitative study with a quasy experiment design, two groups pretest-posttest design. Sample of 32 respondents was taken by purposive sampling technique which was divided into 2 intervention groups. The results were obtained from 16 respondents before Touch and talk therapy. The average anxiety score was 31.62 and after intervention was 17.31 with a p-value of 0.000, the therapy group storytelling from 16 respondents, the average anxiety score before giving intervention was 31.56 and after intervention was 24.38 with p-value 0,000.The results of the statistical test scores after touch and talk therapy and storytelling therapy obtained p-value 0.001 alpha (0.05). It can be concluded that there are differences in effectiveness between touch and talk therapy and storytelling therapy. Touch and talk therapy is more significant for reducing anxiety in children aged 3-6 years compared to storytelling therapy. Further research is suggested to be able to collaborate between these two therapies with other therapies by considering the factors that influence the administration of therapy. Keywords: touch and talk therapy, storytelling therapy and anxiety
TRANSFORMASI MITE “MISTERI GANG KERAMAT” MENJADI NASKAH DRAMA SEBAGAI BAHAN AJAR BAHASA INDONESIA SISWA KELAS VIII SMP MUHAMMADIYAH 05 MEDAN TAHUN AJARAN 2019/2020
Authors: Prima Nisa , Rahim Ceni , Ginting Ronald Wibowo Sitompul , Ginting Sri Dinanta Beru
Published: December 2019

Penelitian ini berjudul “Transformasi Mite “Misteri Gang Keramat” Menjadi Naskah Drama Sebagai Bahan Ajar Bahasa Indonesia Siswa Kelas VIII SMP Muhammadiyah 05 Medan Tahun Ajaran 2019/2020”. Penelitian ini diangkat untuk mentransformasikan mite “Misteri Gang Keramat” menjadi naskah drama dan dijadikan sebagai bahan ajar Bahasa Indonesia pada siswa SMP kelas VIII SMP Muhammdiyah 05 Medan. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian deskriptif kualitatif bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan secara sistematis, faktual, dan akurat dengan menggunakan kata-kata atau kalimat. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan mulai bulan November 2018 sampai dengan Oktober 2019. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan teknik simak bebas libat cakap. Data dalam penelitian ini adalah data lisan berupa mite “Misteri Gang Keramat”. Sumber data dalam penelitian ini adalah informan dari masyarakat Gang Keramat, Mabar, Medan Deli. Teknik analisis data menggunakan analisis interaktif, yaitu reduksi, penyajian data, dan penarikan simpulan. Teknik validitas data menggunakan triangulasi metode dan sumber. Prosedur penelitian meliputi perencanaan, pelaksanaan, dan peyusunan laporan. Hasil penelitian diketahui mite “Misteri Gang Keramat” ini terbentuk karena adanya unsur mistis di daerah tersebut, terdapat sebuah pohon yang dianggap keramat dan sering didatangi oleh masyarakat sekitar untuk meminta sesuatu. Tujuan masyarakat bermacam-macam, ada yang meminta kesembuhan, keberuntungan dan sebagainya. Jika permintaan atau permohonannya terkabul, maka para penduduk sekitar akan meletakkan sesajen di bawah pohon sebagai wujud syukur. Sehingga dahulu para orang tua mengingatkan anaknya untuk tidak keluar malam karena daerah tersebut merupakan keramat, dari situlah mite ini muncul. Mite yang telah disusun kemudian ditransformasikan oleh peneliti menjadi naskah drama untuk dijadikan sebagai bahan ajar Bahasa Indonesia.
PENGARUH MODEL COOPERATIVE SCRIPT TERHADAP KEMAMPUAN MENYIMAK BERITA SISWA KELAS VIII SMP SWASTA BUDI SETIA SUNGGAL
Authors: Sagala Ermayana , Haidir Hilman , Silaen Udut
Published: December 2019

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui lebih jelas pengaruh model pembelajaran cooperative script terhadap kemampuan menyimak berita kelas VIII SMP Swasta Budi Setia Tahun Pelajaran 2018/2019. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kuantitatif menggunakan metode eksperimen dengan desain two group post-test only design. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas VIII SMP Swasta Budi Setia yang berjumlah 92 siswa. Penelitian sampel dengan teknik random sampling. Berdasarkan teknik tersebut diperoleh kelas VIII-B sebagai kelas kontrol terdiri dari 31 siswa dan kelas VIII-C sebagai kelas eksperimen terdiri dari 31 siswa. Teknik pengumpulan data dengan menggunakan tes, yaitu post-test. Proses pengumpulan data dengan cara menugaskan siswa menyimak berita. Sebelum dilakukan analisis data, terlebih dahulu dilakukan uji normalitas dan uji homogenitas yang menunjukkan bahwa skor post-test berdistribusi normal dan homogen. Teknik analisis data adalah uji-t. hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya perbedaan kemampuan menyimak berita siswa kelas VIII SMP Swasta Budi Setia Sunggal dengan model Cooperative Script dan tanpa model Cooperative Script. Perbedaan tersebut ditunjukan oleh hasil uji-t yaitu = 8,11, = 2,00 maka kriteria pengujian hipotesis alternative () diterima. Hal ini membuktikan bahwa terdapat pengaruh positif model Cooperative Script terhadap kemampuan menyimak berita siswa kelas VIII SMP Swasta Budi Setia Sunggal Tahun Pelajaran 2018/2019.
PENGARUH PENGGUNAAN MEDIA GAMBAR BERSERI TERHADAP KEMAMPUAN MENULIS TEKS PROSEDUR SISWA KELAS VII SMP SULTAN ISKANDAR MUDA TAHUN PELAJARAN 2018/2019
Authors: Indriyanto Alicia , Haidir Hilman , Annisa Annisa
Published: December 2019

Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kuantitatif. Metode penelitian ini menggunakan metode eksperimen dengan desain penelitian Two Group Posttest Design. Populasi penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas VII SMP Sultan Iskandar Muda. Penentuan sampel dilakukan dengan teknik simple random sampling. Berdasarkan teknik tersebut maka diperoleh kelas VII B sebagai kelas eksperimen dan kelas VII D sebagai kelas kontrol. Teknik pengumpulan data pada penelitian ini adalah tes tertulis, yaitu posttest. Proses pengumpulan data dengan cara menugaskan siswa untuk menulis teks prosedur. Sebelum dilakukan analisis data, terlebih dahulu melakukan uji normalitas dan uji homogenitas yang menunjukkan bahwa skor posttest berdistribusi normal dan homogen. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan adalah uji-t. Hasil analisis data menunjukkan bahwa adanya perbedaan keterampilan menulisteks prosedur siswa kelas VII SMP Sultan Iskandar Muda dengan menggunakan media gambar berseri dan tanpa menggunakan media gambar berseri. Setelah dianalisis dengan menggunakan rumus uji-t yang dilakukan dengan manual, maka terlihat dari tabel t pada taraf α = 0,05 dengan dk =82-2=80 nilai thit > ttab (27,61 > 2,00) maka dapat dibuktikan bahwa media gambar berseri memiliki pengaruh yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan metode kovensional terhadap kemampuan menulis
PENGARUH MODEL PEMBELAJARAN STUDENT TEAMS ACHIEVEMENT DIVISION (STAD) TERHADAP KEMAMPUAN MENULIS TEKS ULASAN CERPEN SISWA KELAS VIII SMP SULTAN ISKANDAR MUDA MEDAN TAHUN PELAJARAN 2018/2019
Authors: Bangun Juwita Theresia , Annisa Annisa , Daulay Ibrahim
Published: December 2019

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh model pembelajaran STAD terhadap kemampuan menulis teks ulasan cerpen siswa kelas VIII SMP Sultan Iskandar Muda Medan Tahun Pelajaran 2018/2019. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kuantitatif menggunakan metode eksperimen degan desain true design. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas VIII SULTAN ISKANDAR MUDA MEDAN yang berjumlah 168 siswa. Penentuan sampel dengan teknik random sampling. Berdasarkan teknik tersebut diperoleh kelas VIII-A sebagai kelas eksperimen terdiri dari 41 siswa dan kelas VIII-B sebagai kelas kontrol terdiri dari 41 siswa. Teknik pengumpulan data dengan menggunakan tes, yaitu post-test. Proses pengumpulan data dengan cara menugaskan siswa menulis teks ulasan cerpen. Sebelum dilakukan analisis data, terlebih dahulu dilakukan uji normalitas dan uji homogenitas yang menunjukkan bahwa skor post-test berdistribusi normal dan homogen. Teknik analisis data adalah uji- t. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya perbedaan kemampuan menulis teks ulasan cerpen siswa kelas VIII Smp Sultan Iskandar Muda Medan dengan menggunakan model STAD dan tanpa menggunakan model STAD. Perbedaan tersebut ditunjukkan oleh hasil uji- t yaitu thitung = 18,90, ttabel = 1,99, sehingga kriteria pengujian hipotesis penelitian ini adalah thitung > ttabel, maka hipotesis nilai H0 ditolak dan hipotesis alternative (Ha) diterima. Hal ini membuktikan bahwa terdapat pengaruh positif model pembelajaran STAD dari pada tanpa model pembelajaran STAD terhadap kemampuan menulis teks ulasan cerpen siswa kelas VIII SMP Sultan Iskandar Muda Medan Tahun Pelajaran 2018/2019pengaruh, model pembelajaran STAD, menulis teks ulasan cerpen.
PRINSIP-PRINSIP BAHASA RUPA
Authors: Tabrani Primadi
Published: December 2019

The concept of Fine Language is the result of the creation of a long research, originally in the form of a researchreport on the science of Fine Language which later developed into dissertation research as much and as thick as 'onecoffin' (58x33x37cm). This Fine Language is a way of 'reading' pictures, from various images, pictures of children,prehistoric cave pictures, wayang beber pictures, then to symbolic images, decorative images and shadow images fromshadow puppets (wayang kulit). Also included are temple relief images and modern drawings, animated images, filmsand pictures produced by other digital technologies, such as ad images. The word language is different from the imagelanguage. In the image language, we can already describe the shape of the drawn. In the word language, use the word torepresent an object that is drawn. Often experience miscommunication because with various words (from different regions/tribes/countries) to describe an object. In the language of the image there are wimbas, in the wimba there is thecontent of wimba and way of wimba. The content of the wimba is a picture contained in the wimba, and the way thewimba is how the wimba is drawn and can be told. Through the 'science' is the original image that is beginning to beunderstood and retold as teaching materials or materials of scientific art for future studies, about the image of traditionsand modern drawings.
PROBLEM SOSIAL DAN BUDAYA
Authors: Wiryokusumo Iskandar
Published: December 2019

Social problems in society often occur in increasingly complex social environments. Many things happen which are in line with human life that continues to evolve and fluctuate especially it happens in developing countries. This is usually caused by the existence of social sustainability in a community group and arousing social jealousy, thus generate to behavior with certain characteristics. Through several theories, the behavior is reviewed and the symptoms are also observed. Finally, a simple understanding is obtained, that social problems are caused by, among others; 1) young generation movements, 2) poverty groups, 3) education groups. It is not the wrong educational process, but the supporting factors that are not in line with the values in the learning process are the factors that support the problem insociety.
Perbedaan Kemampuan Komunikasi Matematis Siswa Yang Diajar Dengan Model Pembelajaran Kooperatif Tipe TSTS Dan Yang Diajar Dengan Model Pembelajaran Konvensional Di Kelas VIII SMPN 4 Kendari
Authors: Rahmawati Rahmawati , Masi La , Kadir Kadir , Jafar Jafar
Published: December 2019

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengujiperbedaan kemampuan komunikasi matematis siswa yang diajar dengan model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe TSTS dan yang diajar dengan model pembelajaran konvensional. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian quasi eksperimenkelas VIII SMP Negeri 4 Kendari pada bulan April-Mei 2018. Populasi penelitian ini adalah seluruh siswa kelas VIII di SMP Negeri 4 Kendari yang diajar oleh guru yang sama dan terdaftar pada tahun ajaran 2017/2018 yang tersebar pada empat kelas paralel, yaitu kelas VIII8 sampai VIII11. Teknik pengambilan sampel pada penelitian ini dilakukan secara purposive sampling. Teknik pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan pemberian instrumen penelitian berupa lembar observasi dan tes kemampuan komunikasi matematis siswa yang berbentuk tes uraian. Teknik analisis data menggunakan statistik deskriptif dan statistik inferensial dengan uji-t satu pihak pada α = 0,05. Hasil penelitian ini adalah kemampuan komunikasi matematis siswa yang diajar dengan model pembelajaran kooperatif TSTS lebih tinggi dari kemampuan komunikasi matematis siswa yang diajar dengan model pembelajaran konvensional.
PENGARUH METODE FARMING GARDENING PROJECT SEBAGAI SOLUSI PEMBELAJARAN ALAM DI TK KUNCUP BAHARI KENDARI
Authors: Ilham Irawati
Published: December 2019

Tujuan pelaksanaan penelitian ini adalah untuk melihat pengaruh metode farming gardening project sebagai solusi pembelajaran alam dalam meningkatkan kemampuan anak di TK Kuncup Bahari Kendari. Subjek dalam penelitian ini adalah anak TK Kuncup Bahari Kendari yang berjumlah 42 peserta didik. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian tindakan kelas (PTK) dan dilaksanakan 2 (dua) siklus, setiap siklus terdiri atas: perencanaan, pelaksanaan, observasi/evaluasi dan refleksi. Hasil penelitian pada siklus I diperoleh persentase belajar anak sebesar 84,6% dan persentase ketercapaian aktivitas mengajar guru sebesar 86,7%. Pada siklus II hasil penelitian persentase ketercapaian aktivitas belajar anak juga mengalami peningkatan menjadi 92,3%. Sedangkan persentase ketercapaian aktivitas mengajar guru mengalami peningkatan menjadi 93,3%, Berdasarkan hasil evaluasi tentang kemampuan anak dalam penerapan pembelajaran alam menggunakan metode farming gardening project menunjukkan bahwa hasil observasi awal diperoleh persentase sebesar 33,33% dan mengalami peningkatan pada siklus I yaitu sebesar 61,90%. Pada siklus II diperoleh persentase sebesar 83,33%.  Dengan demikian dapat disimpulkan bahwa pembelajaran alam anak di TK Kuncup Bahari Kendari dapat ditingkatkan melalui metode farming gardening projectKata kunci: Pembelajaran Alam, Farming, Gardening.
MENINGKATKAN KEMAMPUAN MOTORIK HALUS ANAK MELALUI MERONCE MANIK-MANIK PADA KELOMPOK B TAMAN KANAK-KANAK TUNAS HARAPAN KEC. MORAMO KAB. KONAWE SELATAN
Authors: Pabunga Dorce Banne , Adjumeilati Mega
Published: December 2019

Tujuan pelaksanan penelitian ini adalah untuk meningkatkan kemampuan motorik halus anak melalui kegiatan meronce dengan manik-manik untuk anak usia dini pada kelompok B. Penelitian Tindakan Kelas (PTK) ini dilaksanakan 2 (dua) siklus. Hasil ketercapaian aktivitas mengajar guru dalam kegiatan meronce manik-manik pada kemampuan motorik halus anak pada siklus I adalah 80%. Ketercapaian aktivitas belajar anak dalam kegiatan meronce manik-manik pada kemampuan motorik halus anak adalah 76%. Hasil evaluasi kemampuan motorik halus anak pada siklus I adalah 66% atau 10 anak dari 15 orang anak. Ketercapaian aktivitas mengajar guru dalam kegiatan meronce manik-manik pada kemampuan motorik halus anak pada siklus II adalah 95%. Ketercapaian aktivitas belajar anak dalam kegiatan meronce manik-manik pada kemampuan motorik halus anak pada siklus II adalah 94%. Hasil evaluasi kemampuan behitung anak pada siklus II adalah 86%. Dengan demikian, dapat disimpulkan bahwa kemampuan motorik halus anak Kelompok B Taman Kanak-kanak Tunas Harapan Kecamatan Moramo Kabupaten Konawe Selatan dapat ditingkatkan melalui meronce manik-manik.Kata Kunci :  pembelajaran, meronce manik-manik, motorik halus
Layanan Bimbingan Pribadi Sosial Untuk Mengembangkan Rasa Percaya Diri Peserta Didik Tunagrahita Di SLB C Aditya Grahita Kota Bandung
Authors: Yusuf Harlin , Gadafi Muamal
Published: December 2019

Penelitian ini bertujuan mengembangkan rasa percaya diri peserta didik tunagrahita melalui layanan bimbingan pribadi sosial. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode kualitatif dengan pendekatan Reseach and Development (R&D). Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan tiga tahap yaitu pertama pendahuluan; observasi ceklis untuk mengetahui kondisi objektif kepercayaan diri peserta didik tunagrahita; kedua tahap merumuskan layanan bimbingan pribadi sosial untuk mengembangkan kepercayaan diri peserta didik tunagrahita; ketiga tahap pelaksanaan layanan bimbingan pribadi sosial untuk mengembangkan kepercayaan diri peserta didik tunagrahita. Temuan penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kondisi objektif kepercayaan diri peserta didik tunagrahita yang kurang baik; antara lain: kurang minat menulis dan membaca, takut tampil di depan kelas, tidak berkonsentrasi waktu belajar. Layanan bimbingan yang dikembangkan dalam penelitian ini adalah layanan bimbingan pribadi sosial untuk mengembangkan kepercayaan diri peserta didik tunagrahita. layanan yang tersusun diharapakan dapat membantu mengembangkan kepercayaan diri peserta didik tunagrahita kearah yang lebih baik. Kata kunci: Layanan Bimbingan, Kepercayaan Diri, Peserta Didik Tunagrahita.
Aplicación y Evolución de la Armonización Contable gubernamental
Authors: Montijo Esparza Delia Margarita
Published: December 2019

La implementación de la Armonización Contable nos proporcionara información útil para una mejor toma de decisiones, fomentar la inversión gracias a la confianza, mejoramiento de la administración pública, satisfacción de la ciudadanía, mecanismos de control, combate y abatimiento a la corrupción. Los objetivos de la armonización contable son: Facilitar la toma de decisiones; Homogeneidad de la información financiera; Establecimiento de normas para el manejo eficiente del gasto público; Registro de operaciones de manera automática, armónica, especifica de las operaciones contables. En crea el En 1986 se crea el Public Sector Comitte (PSC), hoy conocido como el Consejo de Normas Internacionales de la Contabilidad Pública (IPSASB), a partir de 1997 el IPSASB desarrollo un programa elaborando 21 NICPS dirigido a las entidades publicas las cuales deben seguir el criterio del devengo basandose en las NIC; en 2002 se finalizo el proceso de la la aprobación de las 21 NICSP y un glosario de terminos. (Buch Gómez & Cabaleiro Casal, 2006:3) En 2008 se pública la Ley General de Contabilidad Gubernamental, esta Ley propone la creación de un sistema de información contable y financiera del sector público homogéneo en los tres niveles de gobierno.normativo común que sea aplicable en cada uno de los niveles de gobierno.  El objetivo de esta Ley es establecer un marco normativo común que sea aplicable en cada uno de los niveles de gobierno. El 7 de mayo de 2008 se publica en el Diario Oficial de la Federación un Decreto que reformo varios artículos de la Constitución, con tres objetivos principales: 1. Incrementar la calidad del Gasto Publico, 2. Prevenir erogaciones plurianuales para proyectos de inversión en infraestructura, 3. Lograr el fortalecimiento y rendición de cuentas. En 2009 se crea el Consejo Nacional de Armonización Contable (CONAC) que tiene como objetivo dar seguimiento a los criterios los cuales regirán la contabilidad gubernamental, esto nos permitirá medir la eficacia, economía y eficiencia del gasto y el ingreso de los Entes Públicos. La fiscalización de los recursos públicos está regulada por la Constitución Política de los Estados Unidos Mexicanos, Ley Orgánica del Poder Legislativo Federal y Ley de Fiscalización Superior Federal. Para llevar a cabo el proceso de fiscalización estos organismos de fiscalización deberán aplicar normas y procedimientos de auditoria, deberán realizar un programa de trabajo, así como la aplicación de diferentes tipos de auditorías.
La Auditoría Financiera de Gabinete como instrumento de evaluación de la Cuenta Pública Municipal en Sonora
Authors: Valenzuela Valdez Luz Elena
Published: December 2019

A través de los diferentes tipos de Auditoría y Fiscalización, se previenen y combaten irregularidades en el uso de los recursos públicos establecidos en sus presupuestos ya sea de ingresos o de egresos, así como también la administración de la hacienda, el patrimonio y la deuda pública. Este informe está enfocado a describir el proceso de la Auditoría Financiera de Gabinete como instrumento de Evaluación de la Cuenta Pública Municipal 2017 de los Municipios del Estado de Sonora. La Cuenta Pública Municipal es el informe que los entes públicos municipales a través de los ayuntamientos, que rinden a la legislatura local, sobre su gestión financiera a efecto de comprobar que la recaudación, administración, manejo y custodia, así como la aplicación de los recursos públicos durante el ejercicio fiscal comprendido del 1º de enero al 31 de diciembre de 2017, se ejercieron en los términos de las disposiciones legales y administrativas aplicables. El contenido de dicho informe deberá presentarse en apego a lo establecido en la Ley de General de Contabilidad Gubernamental y demás normatividad vigente. El Instituto Superior de Auditoría y Fiscalización se constituye como el organismo público autónomo, encargado de revisar y fiscalizar la cuenta pública municipal, en los términos establecidos en esta Constitución y demás legislaciones inherentes a la ejecución de la función de auditoría, además de implementar acciones de prevención en materia de corrupción. Entonces podemos definir a la Auditoría Financiera de Gabinete, como la revisión de la Situación Económica, las Finanzas Públicas, la Deuda Pública, los Activos y el Patrimonio Municipal informados en la Cuenta Pública Municipal, además del cumplimiento legal de la presentación de la información contable, presupuestal, programática y demás anexos, con la finalidad de conocer la calidad de la información financiera y que su elaboración haya sido de conformidad con lo establecido en la Ley General de Contabilidad Gubernamental.
León Felipe. El payaso de las bofetadas y el pescador de caña. Poema trágico español
Authors: Arranz Conrado J.
Published: December 2019

El ejercicio de reseñar esta nueva edición de El payaso entrañaría un aparente anacronismo si no fuera porque la realidad de Europa, salvando la distancia de la Guerra Civil española y del gran conflicto mundial que se avecinaba antaño, tiene ciertos rasgos analógicos con la actualidad: el empuje exterior de Rusia, la preponderancia de Alemania hasta el punto de socavar con sus medidas económicas las soberanías de los países del sur –entre ellos España–, la pérdida del liderazgo intelectual de Francia, la ausencia absoluta de Inglaterra, ese “pescador de caña” al que retrata León Felipe. Además, la poesía de León Felipe no es tanto una poesía social cuanto una poesía de la conciencia, por tanto su vigencia es perenne –como las plantas que Elvira Gascón dibujó en la cabeza del poeta– y se derrama en forma de luz –de estrellas– sobre todos los hombres.
Cities of regional significance in the formation of amalgamated territorial communities: particularities of accession and prospects for development
Authors: Melnyk Maryana , Shchehlyuk Svitlana
Published: December 2019

Legal preconditions and current condition of forming of amalgamated territorial communities (ATCs) on the basis of the cities of oblast significance (COSs) are examined. Advantages of consolidation of adjoining rural (town) communities with the COSs in financial, spatial and institutional fields are assessed. The dynamics of demographic and territorial parameters of COSs before and after consolidation with rural and town communities is analyzed. The analysis verifies the fact that with consolidation of more territorial communities the area grows significantly and the number of population grows slightly due to concentration of population on the limited area of a city and substantial spatial resource of rural communities. Budget parameters of newly created ATCs on the basis of the cities of oblast significance by the criteria of financial capacity of amalgamated territorial communities is estimated. The higher level of development and tax capacity of territorial communities with the center in the city of oblast significance and some diversification of financial parameter among them are emphasized. The following financial results received for urban ATCs are characterized by high diversification: cost of managerial bodies’ maintenance, general fund income per capita, level of budgets’ subsidiarity. Additional parameters to adjust financial estimated data of the efficiency of urban ATCs’ activity are suggested. Special attention is paid to the fact that financial resource is the major additional resource obtained from consolidation with COS for a rural community and spatial – for a city. However, the importance of staff resources for both consolidation participants is somewhat undervalued. Substantial increase of the area contributes to activation of entrepreneurship and investment capacity of cities and improvement of spatial planning in the perspective, leading to post-industrial agglomeration, strengthening of spatial and institutional cohesion of population.
Research of investment capacity of Carpathian region (in institutional sector of households)
Authors: Bandura Tetyana
Published: December 2019

The paper outlines the investment capacity of a region across its components. The methods to evaluate investment capacity of a region are analyzed. Special attention is paid to regions’ rankings and estimation of the regions’ business-climate. Domestic and foreign methods of investment capacity estimation are structured with division into the methods of expert estimation, methods based on statistical information, combined methods (experts-statistics). Methods of foreign scientists S. H. Syerikov and O. A. Tsepelyeva are examined. The methodics was tested across investment capacity of households of four oblasts in Carpathian region for 2010-2017 and the results are presented in the paper. The gap between the revenues and expenses of households across the oblasts of Carpathian region is presented graphically. The dynamics of households’ financial assets growth in four oblasts is analyzed. Investment capacity of households across oblasts and their capacity to participate in investment projects is calculated. The paper reveals that households haven’t been able to invest in the economy of the region for three recent years, because their expenditures exceed the profits. Possible reasons of current condition of households’ investment capacity are outlined. Conclusions regarding the illegalization of income of substantial share of Carpathian region’s population is made. The most relevant ways to receive illegal income used by Ukrainian population nowadays are explained. The fact that money supply from abroad and received illegal income form the shadow sector of Ukrainian economy is emphasized.
Influence of administrative and financial decentralization on investment processes in the Central region of Ukraine
Authors: Leshchukh Iryna
Published: December 2019

The article examines the tendencies of the investment sector of the Central region of Ukraine, which are formed under the influence of implementation of administrative and financial decentralization in Ukraine. The method of estimation of influence of administrative-financial decentralization on investment processes in the region is proposed on the basis of calculation of indicators of the ratio: a) growth rates of capital investments and foreign direct investments against own incomes; b) the rate of growth of expenditures on socio-economic development (in particular, public administration, health care, education, housing and communal services, repair and maintenance of roads, etc.) against own revenues of local budgets. The author’s method is tested on the example of cities of regional importance and districts of the Central region of Ukraine. It was found that: 1) in 2016-2018 the most effective was the policy of capital investment in Cherkasy region, the least effective – in the Kirovograd region; 2) the increase of the financial potential of the cities of regional importance and districts of the studied region did not cause a significant stimulating influence on attracting foreign investments; 3) the reorientation of local authorities’ own resources on capital expenditures on the development of social, transport and communal infrastructure is extremely slow. Systemic and dialectical methods were used in the study; logical generalization, system analysis, comparison and synthesis; strategic analysis, graphic. The works of leading scientists and specialists on a wide range of socio-economic problems, the operational information of the Main Directorates of Statistics in Vinnitsa, Kirovograd, Cherkasy and Poltava regions of Ukraine as well as information on the implementation of relevant local budgets of the Departments of Finance of Vinnitsa, Kirovograd and Cherkasy regional state administrations constitute the information base of the research.
Conceptual approaches to rural development in conditions of decentralization
Authors: Khomiuk Nataliia , Pavlikha Nataliya
Published: December 2019

The purpose of the article is to unveil conceptual approaches to rural development based on the definition of various types of this development, to substantiate the directions of its diversification in the context of decentralization taking into account the experience of the European Union. The article explores the various types of rural development to substantiate the conceptual approaches to its provision in the context of decentralization reform. The generalization of scientific approaches to the types of rural development gives reason to claim that there is currently no single conceptual approach to the concept under study. Sustainable, balanced, resistant, agrarian, socio-economic, agricultural, integrated, complex, perspective types of rural development are identified. The concepts of “development of rural territories” and “rural development” are described and their use is proposed as identical. It is proposed to consider rural development as a socio-ecological-economic process of extended reproduction of rural development, which ensures harmonious growth of economic, social, demographic, ethnic and environmental spheres. The article determines that the notion of “sustainable”, “balanced”, “resistant” in the scientific literature is disclosed in the framework of the study of priorities for sustainable development of rural areas. The article confirms that the complex development of rural territories is connected with decentralization and creation of integrated territorial communities, which use available natural, economic, social and financial resources. Quality of life of rural residents is determined to be the general criterion that characterizes the development of rural areas. The authors reveal that when the rural population is involved in production on the territory of the community, the unemployment rate decreases, household incomes increase, local budget revenues grow at the expense of the personal income tax. Probable ways of rural development are analyzed on the basis of the experience of the European Union. The need to apply an integrated approach to rural development, that is, to identify this development as diversified, proportional and integrated, is substantiated.
Fissuras no processo de elaboração e implementação de políticas públicas: ensaio sobre a experiência com populações rurais
Authors: Kalil Maria Rocha
Published: December 2019

The aim of this research is to present and discuss some of the noise identified in the dialogue between the State – through the process of elaboration and implementation of public policies – and the users for which such policies are intended. Taking as a starting point the perspective of leaders and residents of two quilombola communities located in the municipality of Seabra–BA and interviews with public agents and local interlocutors, there are presented and debated problems and deadlocks faced by the actors involved during the implementation process of public policies. Thus the aim of this paper is to analyse the role of public agents and local interlocutors regarding the relationship between the State and these rural populations and the various struggles involved.
Os vazanteiros, a agricultura de vazante e as barragens da destruição no Médio Rio Tocantins: perspectivas etnoecológicas
Authors: De Castro Vonínio Brito , Barros Flávio Bezerra , Marín Rosa Elizabeth Acevedo , Ravena Nirvia
Published: December 2019

Human societies are distinguished by their ways of living and dealing with nature. While western society seeks at all costs to exhaust natural resources, the vazanteiros-fishers in the mid-Tocantins deal with nature sustained by mutual respect. Our purpose in this text is to identify and analyze the particularities of a millenarian cultivation system that is still exercised and is called agricultura de vazante or "Vazantes" (floodplain agriculture). The data were collected between 2007 and 2017 within the master’s degree and the development of the doctoral thesis concluded at the beginning of 2018, through participant observation and semi-structured and unstructured interviews. The results show that the vazanteiros developed their cultivation in “vazantes” in accord with their peculiarities, which include specific measures between the hills for seed planting, the number of seeds, taboos, exchanges and reciprocities inherent in agricultural cultivation and social relations thatdenote their local mode of living. Besides being sustainable, in this mode of cultivation, the earth seems to understand them and they also seem to understand the earth and its limitations, to the extent that they plant only plants that best suit each soil type. The local reality shows that the vazanteiros, their customs and traditions. have been addressed in an agenda that seems to promote, at whatever cost, their disappearance in the coming years. This is due to the unconditional increase in dams and Small Hydroelectric Power Plants (SHP) in national rivers, especially during the last few decades. It is becoming increasingly clear to us that this phenomenon known as agricultura de vazante may have its days numbered in Brazil.
Meio século de oligarquia, uma década de assentamento: a herança da Fazenda Cabaceiras no Assentamento 26 de Março, em Marabá – PA
Authors: Neves Evandro Carlos Costa , Schmitz Heribert
Published: December 2019

This article analyzes how transformations, especially deforestation, during the domination of agrarian oligarchies for half a century influence the daily lives of settled peasant families. This study is focused on the area of the Fazenda Cabaceiras, where today is the Settlement 26 of March, in Marabá (Pará), organized by the Movement of Landless Rural Workers (MST). The methodology used was based on a bibliographical-documentary survey and field research with interviews. It was concluded that the current limits on the area of study result from a historical heritage of occupation and land use by families of the local oligarchy and from the current model of agrarian reform designed for the Southeast of Pará.
Interpretações sobre o messianismo
Authors: Vasconcellos Dora Vianna
Published: December 2019

This article approaches the theme of messianism with a concern for the determination of its function. For this reason we refer to sociological theory to know if messianic movements are revolutionary or reformist. The controversy reignites the debate about their pretense at a utopic character and their pre-political nature. The intention is to show that this controversy directly or indirectly marked a substantial part of Brazilian sociological literature dedicated to the theme.
Condições de emergência dos sem-terra em meio a reconfigurações do espaço estancieiro no Rio Grande do Sul
Authors: Zanella Francis Casagranda , Botton Piccin Marcos
Published: December 2019

The objective of this article is to analyze the symbolic disputes around the legitimacy of the struggle for land in the context of a region historically constituted by ranching domains in Rio Grande do Sul (RS). Our intention was to comprehend the structural conditions leading to the insertion of social agents identified as landless in the space of relations established by the former inhabitants from the municipalities of that region, especially in a scenario that, since the 1980s, has been one of crisis for ranching reproduction based on the sale of meat. We opted for an analytical approach privileging social mobilization processes that tookplace between 2003 and 2008 in São Gabriel, RS, which preceded the implementation of rural settlements in the municipality. We analyzed action repertoires articulated in a setting of agrarian conflict composed basically of rural employers, rural social movements and the National Institute of Colonization and Agrarian Reform (INCRA), besides the interventions of other agents like the press and the Public Prosecutor ́s Office. It is argued that the state of tension that permeated such struggles around São Gabriel and that negatively marked the landless as people "coming from outside" is a tributary of the structural conditions found in the social space, which restricted the emergence of local disputes over the land tenure regime. Methodologically, this articleis constituted by documentary analysis of official INCRA/RS processes, publications in the local press and books regarding the events of the period which were written by legitimate spokespersons of the landless people and of the rural producers.ZANELLA, Francis Casagranda e Marcos Botton Piccin. Condições de emergência dos sem-terra em meio a reconfigurações do espaço estancieiro no Rio Grande do Sul. Estudos Sociedade e Agricultura, junho de 2018, vol. 26, n. 2, p. 285-308, ISSN 2526-7752.
A cidade imaginada: controvérsias rurais-urbanas em Lima Barreto
Authors: Kummer Rodrigo
Published: December 2019

The work of Afonso Henriques Lima Barreto (1881-1922) is one of the most singular in Brazilian literature, moving between social criticism and acid satire. Lima Barreto presents an indelible picture of the transition from the Empire to the Republic in Brazil and the fate of Afro-Brazilians,not incorporated into the "new" social project. He did not write as a historical chronicler, but as a caricaturist and private deponent. The novelist was mulatto and poor and suffered the stigmas of his condition from an early age. The family's sponsorship and efforts allowed him to access studies, although he did not conclude them. Glorious projects were castrated by the immanence of the injustices that swarmed in the eminent city of São Sebastião do Rio de Janeiro. The lines drawn by Lima reveal an unequal, prejudiced and corrupt city. The suburb emerges as the antithesis of a city. Much more rural than the Center or South Zone, the suburb saw the growth of worker and peddler huts, comprising an infinite number of those excluded from the republican modernity. However, modernity came as a violent form of sanitation. In the case of the Republic, social reforms were generally composed of a reordering between the oligarchic power and the urban bourgeoisie. In any case, the poor, and among these, Afro-Brazilians, paid more for the demands of making Rio a new Paris. Amidst these striking moments in the construction of the nation that we are, Lima presents a pragmatic version. Not the men, not the airs, not the land. The problem lies in the mechanisms employed to put these variables into action. Self-criticism would be the most appropriate term. As this was suffocated in social life, it was necessary to insert it posthumously in his work. In this enterprise, it is of interest to problematize the interpretation thatLima produced on the urban relations in Rio de Janeiro during the first years of the Republic. That city was represented as a mixture of sympathy and pessimism, extending the suburban horizons and pointing toward the environment of ruralism and poverty that defined the country.KUMMER, Rodrigo. A cidade imaginada: controvérsias rurais-urbanas em Lima Barreto. Estudos Sociedade e Agricultura, jun. 2018, v. 26, n. 2, p. 402-425, ISSN 2526-7752.
Uso e percepção de áreas de preservação permanente em assentamento ambientalmente diferenciado em Anapu, Pará
Authors: Sousa Laís Victoria Ferreira de , Porro Roberto
Published: December 2019

This study assessed how residents of an environmentally-sound land reform settlement in Anapu, Pará, perceive and use forests and permanent preservation areas (PPAs). Quantitative methods (comparative areas from mapping) and qualitative (semi-structured interviews) evaluated the effect of tenurial situation, access to the plot and predominant economic activity in the conservation of PPAs and forests. Considering only the preservation of PPAs, the quantitative analysis showed no significant difference between groups compared. In relation to forests, greater preservation was associated with the activity carried out in the lot: prioritization of agriculture was associated with higher percentage of forests than prioritization of livestock, although no statistical relevance was observed for this association. The qualitative analysis indicated that land tenure regularity is not perceived as a factor for greater conservation of PPAs. Main differences in the use of PPA were also perceived regarding the economic activity prioritized in the lot.Keywords: environmental conservation; Amazon deforestation; agriculture; cattleranching.SOUSA, Laís Victoria Ferreira de; PORRO, Roberto.  Uso e percepção de áreas de preservação permanente em assentamento ambientalmente diferenciado em Anapu, Pará. Estudos Sociedade e Agricultura, v. 26, n. 3, p. 656-680, out. 2018.Submitted in march 2018.Accepted in august 2018.
Thermal treatment of technical sucrose solutions of beet and cane origin
Authors: Schlumbach Karl , Tschernich Jessica , Flöter Eckhard
Published: December 2019

In the production of sugar from mixed syrups containing feedstock from beet and cane origin the non-sugar fraction plays an equally important role as in processing of material from a single source. However, the consequences of the resulting mixed non-sugar fraction on processes such as impurity, mainly colorants, incorporation and chemical reactions have not been studied yet. In this contribution the results of a study elucidating the kinetics of colorants formation in mixed syrups on thermal stress are given. It is found that the relative increase of syrup color value with respect to the starting value behaves quite systematic for wide range of mixed syrups. In all syrups the color values increase linearly with exposure time. The rate of increase is the highest for beet syrups. The generation rate increases with temperature in line with Arrhenius’ law. Different to earlier work no promoting effect of increased dry matter contents could be found. Furthermore, a model, assuming a first order reaction, to predict the color generation in mixed syrups based on the information of the pure syrups was formulated. This model is in essence generating data that match the experimental data within the range of the accuracy of the color value determination method. In conclusion the data suggest that there is no excess color generation on thermal stress due mixing of the non-sugar materials from different sources.
Sugar beet from field clamps -harvest quality and storage loss
Authors: Hoffmann Christa
Published: December 2019

Harvest quality of sugar beet varies according to soil conditions, harvester type and setting, and variety, too. Harvest quality may affect storage losses, in particular when injuries occur. To determine the harvest quality of commercial sugar beet and to quantify resulting storage losses, 92 commercial sugar beet clamps were sampled across Germany and information about harvest conditions were gathered. At IfZ, soil tare, leaf residues, topping diameter, root tip breakage and surface damage of the beets were determined. The beets were stored in 6 replicates in a climate container at 9°C for 10 weeks. The results demonstrate a rather good harvesting quality of sugar beet in Germany. Soil moisture at harvest did not affect harvest quality and storage losses. Very light, but also heavier soils lead to inferior harvest quality (soil tare, root tip breakage, damage) and slightly higher storage losses compared to the typical loam soils. Significant differences occurred between the three harvester types (companies). In general, high root tip breakage and severe surface damage of the beet was related to a high infestation with mould and rots, high invert sugar contents after storage and high sugar losses. Out of the five most planted varieties, in particular one turned out to be very susceptible to damage, resulting in high storage losses. The factor analysis suggests that the effect of harvester / harvester setting and of variety is more important for harvest quality and storage losses of sugar beet than soil conditions at harvest. Therefore, attention should be paid to optimize these conditions.
Identifying and Treating of Uterine Infection in Cows of Basrah city
Authors: Sayhood Moaed H.
Published: December 2019

The present study was conducted from December 2015 to February 2017 on a local breeds and Holstein Friesian with 88 cows (age 4-12). Metritis was diagnosed by clinical examinations using gloved hand and rectal uterine palpation as well as by bacteriological examinations using swabs. Antibiotic therapy was applied for the treatment of metritis in cow followed by one injection of luteinizing hormone. Examined cows were randomly divided into five groups. In group A (n=15), administration of oxytetracycline was used for one day. Group B (n = 18), received lugols iodine for one day. Group C (n = 22), received penicillin with streptomaycin for one day. Group D (n=7) received intramuscular administration of gentamycin for one day. Finally, group E (n=26) received safapirin for one day . All treatment followed by one injection of luteinizing hormone. Different type of bacteria was isolated from the cow uterus including Escherichia coli (40%), Proteus vulgaris (13.63%), Corynebacterium pyogenes (6.81%), Staphylococcus pyogenes (20.45%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (5.68%), and Streptococcus spp.(7.95%). E. coli was frequently isolated from the cow uterus (40%). Safapirin and penicillin-streptomaycin were the most effective in treating metritis as they represented 84.61% and 81.81%, respectively. Lugols iodine and oxytetracycline, were also considerably effective in treating metritis as they represented 61.11% and 60.00%, whereas gentamycin intramuscularly accounted about 28.57%.