bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Model Pembelajaran Lompat Tinggi Gaya Flop Pada Siswa Sekolah Menengah Pertama
Authors: Masturah Sabila Nur
Published: September 2020

The aim of this research and development is to produce the Flop Style High Jump learning model for junior high school students. This research uses research development (R D) research methods from Borg and Gall. The subjects in this research and development are Jakarta Junior High School students, which consist of 20 limited testing students (small group trials), 40 main trial athletes (field testing) and 50 Test effectiveness models.The stages in this study were: (1) needs analysis, (2) model development planning, (3) expert judgement, (4) limited testing (small group trials), (5) main trials (large group / field trials), (6) effectiveness testing. Effectiveness testing using the High Jump Style Flop motion assessment test to determine the level of high jump ability in the flop style of junior high school students, before and after the treatment of the flop style high jump learning model. From the preliminary tests performed, the average flop style jump learning average was 42.47, then after being given treatment in the form of a flop style high jump learning model, the flop style high jump level was 83.75. Then the flop style high jump learning model is effective in improving flop style high jump learning for junior high school students.Based on the results of the development, from the results of field trials and discussion of research results it can be concluded that: 1) With this flop style high jump learning model, students can learn and carry out learning effectively and efficiently. 2) With the flop style high jump learning model material that researchers have developed, students can understand theory material and high jump practice quickly and correctly.
PENGARUH KAJIAN ZUHUR TERHADAP PEMBENTUKAN AKHLAK KARYAWAN MUSLIM TELKOM DI MASJID AL-ISTIQOMAH TELKOM LANDMARK TOWER
Authors: Samsono Agus
Published: September 2020

Tujuan Penelitian: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis seberapa besar pengaruh kajian Zuhur terhadap pembentukan akhlak karyawan muslim Telkom di Masjid Al-Istiqomah Telkom Landmark Tower. Metode Penelitian: Kuantitatif. Hasil Penelitian: Terdapat pengaruh positif dari kajian Zuhur dalam pembentuk akhlak karyawan muslim Telkom di Masjid Al-Istiqomah Telkom Landmark Tower, pengaruh tersebut dapat diketahui dari perhitungan yang didapat melalui SPSS dapat diketahui bahwa nilai koefisien atau rxy adalah sebesar 0,285. Hal ini juga dibuktikan dengan menggunakan koefisien determinasi yang hasilnya 8,1%. Hal tersebut menunjukkan bahwa 8,1% akhlak karyawan muslim Telkom di Masjid Al- Istiqomah Telkom Landmark Tower dipengaruhi oleh kajian Zuhur dan sisanya dipengaruhi oleh variabel yang lain.
OGLE-GAL-ACEP-091: The First Known Multi-mode Anomalous Cepheid
Authors: Soszyński I. , Smolec R. , Udalski A. , Szymański M. K. , Pietrukowicz P. , Skowron D. M. , Skowron J. , Mróz P. , Poleski R. , Kozłowski S. , Iwanek P. , Wrona M. , Gromadzki M. , Ulaczyk K. , Rybicki K.
Published: September 2020

Anomalous Cepheids (ACs) are metal-deficient, core-helium-burning pulsating stars with masses in the range 1.2–2.2

. Until recently, all known ACs were pure single-mode pulsators. The first candidate for an AC pulsating in more than one radial mode—OGLE-GAL-ACEP-091—was recently identified in the Milky Way based on the photometric database of the Optical Gravitational Lensing Experiment (OGLE) survey. We analyze this object showing that it is actually a triple-mode pulsator. Its position in the Petersen diagram, the light-curve morphology quantified by Fourier coefficients, and absolute magnitudes derived from the Gaia parallax are consistent with the assumption that OGLE-GAL-ACEP-091 is an AC. Our grid of linear pulsation models indicates that OGLE-GAL-ACEP-091 is a 1.8

star with a metallicity of about [Fe/H] = −0.5 dex.
On the Maximum Stellar Rotation to form a Black Hole without an Accompanying Luminous Transient
Authors: Murguia-Berthier Ariadna , Batta Aldo , Janiuk Agnieszka , Ramirez-Ruiz Enrico , Mandel Ilya , Noble Scott C. , Everson Rosa Wallace
Published: September 2020

The collapse of a massive star with low angular momentum content is commonly thought to result in the formation of a black hole without an accompanying bright transient. Our goal in this Letter is to understand the flow in and around a newly formed black hole, involving accretion and rotation, via general relativistic hydrodynamics simulations aimed at studying the conditions under which infalling material can accrete without forming a centrifugally supported structure and, as a result, generate no effective feedback. On the other hand, if the feedback from the black hole is significant, the collapse would be halted and we suggest that the event is likely to be followed by a bright transient. We find that feedback is only efficient if the specific angular momentum of the infalling material at the innermost stable circular orbit exceeds that of geodesic circular flow at that radius by at least ≈20%. We use the results of our simulations to constrain the maximal stellar rotation rates of the disappearing massive progenitors PHL293B-LBV and N6946-BH1, and to provide an estimate of the overall rate of disappearing massive stars. We find that about a few percent of single O-type stars with measured rotational velocities are expected to spin below the critical value before collapse and are thus predicted to vanish without a trace.
Clinical feasibility study of an immunotropic drug for treatment of complicated pyodermas
Authors: Khmel’nitskij Roman А. , Vislobokov Аndrej V.
Published: September 2020

Introduction: Given a wide range of pathogenesis of the inflammatory process in pyoderma, which involves a variety of links in the immune response, work is underway to find ways to optimize immunocorrection in this pathology. The aim of the study was to evaluate the clinical and economic effectiveness of immunocorrection in severe and chronic forms of pyoderma with drugs from different pharmacological groups.

Materials and methods: The data sources were prospective randomized comparative studies of therapy of 107 pyoderma patients aged 18 to 60 years, divided into groups. The patients of the first group additionally used a biologically active additive containing immunoactive molecules and transfer factors (TF) as an immunomodulator; the patients of the second group used glucosaminylmuramildipeptide (GMDP). The clinical effectiveness of regression of inflammatory symptoms on day 10 of treatment was analyzed. Based on the obtained data, the following types of pharmacoeconomical analysis were performed: calculation of the course price, the cost/effectiveness ratio, and the availability coefficient.

Results and discussion: The results of the study showed that the number of cured patients was 91.4% in the first group and 97.2% in the second group of patients. The treatment cost when using the drug is by 970 rubles smaller; the cost/effectiveness ratio (CER) per patient was 1.8 higher for a drug containing transfer factors and amounted to 25.9. The calculation of the availability coefficient (AC) revealed a difference in glucosaminylmuramyldipeptide which was 2.1 times smaller.

Conclusion: It was found that a drug based on glucosaminylmuramildipeptide is a more effective and cost-effective means of immunocorrection in severe forms of pyoderma. This confirms a faster regression of clinical manifestations of the disease and lower cost/effectiveness ratio and availability coefficient.
Treatment of hepatitis induced by anti-tuberculosis drugs (experimental research)
Authors: Fedorov Vladimir N. , Smirnov Nikolay A. , Vdovichenko Vladimir P. , Fedorova Tatiana B. , Kerbenev Edgar E. , Petrovsky Alexey K.
Published: September 2020

Introduction: Tuberculosis is a widely spread infection. While treating patients for it, they are given simultaneously and for a long period 5-6 antibacterial drugs, which are, as a rule, bad for the liver. It quite often (up to 20%) causes drug-induced hepatitis. As experimental means of protecting the liver, the following peptides are suggested: chorionic gonadotropin, a recombinant drug of luteinizing hormone – luveris, and oligopeptide drugs: semax and selank.

Materials and Methods: The research was conducted on 104 outbred white male rats weighing 170-220 g. Each group included at least 10 animals. Drug-induced hepatitis was simulated through the combined 21-day administration of isoniazid, rifamycin, and ethanol. Chorionic gonadotropin, luveris, semax and selank, as well as a comparison drug mexidol, were administered once a day during the experiment. Healthy control animals and rats with drug-induced hep­atitis were used as comparison groups. For evaluation of the efficiency of administered drugs, the obtained biochemical and histomorphological research data was used.

Results and Discussion: During the experiment, chorionic gonadotropin (ChG), semax and selank showed a greater therapeutic activity than mexidol and luveris. Only in the case of administering ChG, selank and semax, there was parallelism between the restoration of biochemical parameters of blood and histomorphological parameters of the liver. Administering both selank and ChG was also characterized by more active regenerative processes.

Conclusion: Administering ChG, selank and semax to patients with tuberculosis would significantly reduce the num­ber and severity of hepatotoxic reactions.
« Theodora » : comment le concept psychologique de scénario de vie reflète le souvenir neurocognitif de l’avenir
Authors: Shustov Dmitri I. , Tuchina Olga D. , Blondel Agnès
Published: September 2020

Cet article illustre la relation entre la compréhension contemporaine de la capacité humaine à la prospection – ou la représentation des avenirs potentiels – et la notion de scénarios de vie. On considère la prospection comme un vecteur de transmission des traumatismes générationnels, et comme un moyen d’organiser et de prédire les expériences à venir selon les « souvenirs de l’avenir » fondés sur le vécu historique du client. Les auteurs montrent que le contenu de l’épiscénario et ses conséquences constituent la scène, et que le processus de création d’une scène est lié aux comportements spécifiques à la famille. L’échafaudage sémantique qui guide la transmission est à rapprocher des difficultés rencontrées dans le fonctionnement psychosocial. La représentation de l’avenir dans la mémoire à long terme des personnes qui n’ont pas encore reçu d’épiscénario peut être illustrée par un réseau neural à l’activité minimale. Ce réseau ressemble à une gare vide en attente d’un train, le train symbolisant alors l’épiscénario.
Karl Marx (et Friedrich Engels), les salaires et la question de la « paupérisation »
Authors: Potier Jean-Pierre
Published: September 2020

Cet article traite des analyses proposées par Karl Marx et par Friedrich Engels sur le mouvement des salaires dans la dynamique du capitalisme, et sur la question de la « paupérisation » des travailleurs, en particulier entre les années 1840 et les années 1860. Il montre que si Engels n’a jamais pronostiqué clairement une « paupérisation absolue » ou « relative », Marx, dans ses écrits des années 1860 et au-delà, maintient la thèse d’une baisse du « salaire relatif », mais ne pronostique plus une baisse des salaires réels en longue période, et ne formule aucune « loi » de « misère croissante » du prolétariat.
Affronter la crise de la modernité. Hégémonie et sens de l’histoire chez Gramsci
Authors: Douet Yohann
Published: September 2020

Cet article part de la remise en cause radicale de la croyance en l’histoire dans la pensée et les représentations contemporaines, que Fredric Jameson a étudiée sous la notion de postmodernité. Nous montrons ici que les réflexions de Gramsci sont précieuses pour affronter cette crise de l’historicité moderne, à plusieurs égards. D’abord, il conçoit l’histoire comme un processus de luttes et parvient ainsi à en saisir la consistance propre sans en nier l’ouverture. Ensuite, grâce aux concepts qu’il forge, comme celui d’hégémonie, il analyse les différentes manières dont les représentations de l’histoire expriment les situations historiques concrètes, et y produisent en retour des effets immanents. Enfin, en comprenant le lien entre crise d’hégémonie et crise de l’historicité, il pense la possibilité, pour les subalternes, de retrouver et de réaliser un sens de l’histoire.
Résonance groupale et créativité institutionnelle
Authors: Lanciau Line
Published: September 2020

L’institution est souvent attaquée voire décriée. Pourtant, entraînée à mobiliser une énergie psychique canalisée, elle peut affirmer une sécurité interne et permettre à chacun de s’adosser à une ossature solide pour aborder des détresses profondes non élaborables par ailleurs. Cet article tend à préciser comment les éléments du cadre viennent canaliser la résonance groupale et favoriser la créativité institutionnelle. Il s’agit de décrire le processus au travers duquel une Maison d’Enfants à Caractère Social est parvenue à articuler les cadres de ses différents services, générant ainsi un réel dispositif éducativo-thérapeutique dans un mouvement globalement « métacadré ». Cette analyse sera menée à partir de la position double du psychologue dans l’institution : emporté par la résonance groupale, celui-ci vibre au gré des mouvements archaïques profonds dans lesquels il est pleinement impliqué ; conjointement, sa connaissance des phénomènes de groupe permet la médiatisation par la pensée et l’élaboration de sensations corporelles envahissantes.
Chapter 2. Harmonizing Human Rights and Bioethics: a corollary to globalization or a compliance to cultural identities?
Authors: Byk Justice
Published: September 2020

Avec la Déclaration universelle des droits de l’homme, le droit international fournit une source de référence efficace au-delà du droit des États. Ce droit a deux caractéristiques spécifiques. En premier lieu, il s’agit autant d’un droit relatif aux nouvelles technologies que d’un droit des principes car il applique les principes à la lumière de la diversité des pratiques scientifiques. Deuxièmement, ces technologies sont des plus actives dans le domaine de la mondialisation et soutiennent une certaine standardisation des pratiques. Lorsque, dans sa première approche, ce droit traite du pouvoir et de la standardisation des pratiques scientifiques, dans sa seconde approche – l’aspect normatif – il reconnaît la dimension culturelle et professionnelle de la technoscience. Dans les deux cas, la diffusion et l’intégration des sciences et des technologies dans la société est un phénomène mondial, dépassant la sphère des cultures et des lois nationales.
La conversion écologique, une urgence (aussi) théologique
Authors: Herrmann Mahaut , Herrmann Johannes
Published: September 2020

Le discours écologique de l’Église passe parfois pour une concession à l’air du temps. Or l’affirmation papale qui scande l’encyclique Laudato Si’ , « tout est lié », repose sur une réalité scientifique : les équilibres naturels dont dépendent les formes actuelles de vie sur terre. Les deux dégradations que sont les effondrements de la biodiversité et le réchauffement climatique menacent la survie de l’humanité. Face à cette urgence, la tradition chrétienne, fondée sur la Bible, fournit des ressources précieuses pour l’engagement chrétien. Les appels du pape François ne constituent pas une rupture avec les discours de ses prédécesseurs mais s’enracinent en eux.
« Travaillons donc à bien penser » (Pascal). La dialectique spirituelle du discernement en philosophie
Authors: Tourpe Emmanuel
Published: September 2020

Il n’y a pas théorie de l’esprit complète sans intégrer le discernement. Il existe une forte tradition, fondée sur Augustin et couronnée par Aimé Forest, dans laquelle le discernement est pris au sérieux comme dimension de la pensée entendue au sens de sagesse. Cette lignée est cependant loin d’avoir développé tous les thèmes associés au discernement comme élément indispensable de la pensée. Cette théorie du discernement nous amène en effet à révolutionner la théorie de la connaissance dans le sens d’une épistémologie pneumatico-noétique (Blondel, Chapelle).
La porte d’entrée d’une vie théologale durable
Authors: Rougé Matthieu
Published: September 2020

Isabelle de La Garanderie, vierge consacrée du diocèse de Nanterre, chargée en particulier de l’accompagnement des néophytes, nous propose une réflexion originale et stimulante sur le sacrement de réconciliation. Délaissé par beaucoup, retrouvé avec un certain enthousiasme, notamment par les jeunes, à l’occasion des grands rassemblements, des veillées de miséricorde ou des journées du pardon, ce don de grâce particulièrement précieux est également négligé parfois dans les parcours proposés aux catéchumènes.
Efficacité de la recherche collaborative sur le genre entre chercheurs et praticiens au sein des autorités répressives fédérales : l’intérêt d’un processus de coproduction
Authors: Yu Helen H.
Published: September 2020

La coproduction constitue le dernier modèle de collaboration entre chercheurs et praticiens permettant de mener des travaux de recherche en administration publique, et aussi le modèle le plus complet. L’activité de coproduction est centrée sur la production de recherches en tant que processus interactif dans lequel chercheurs et praticiens collaborent à toutes les étapes d’un projet de recherche. Cet article apporte une contribution aux publications dans ce domaine en présentant un examen critique d’une expérience personnelle en matière de coproduction auprès d’une autorité répressive fédérale réputée et formule à l’attention de la communauté de chercheurs trois recommandations afin de lui permettre d’aborder de manière efficace ses propres activités en matière de coproduction. Les avantages et les difficultés qui caractérisent ce partenariat sont présentés, en mettant l’accent sur une forme de coproduction moins participative visant à mettre en évidence les questions liées au milieu du travail et à dégager des solutions. La coproduction est un sujet qui présente l’intérêt, dans la littérature actuelle, de mettre en valeur la collaboration entre chercheurs et praticiens en tant qu’outil permettant de faire progresser les connaissances. Remarques à l’intention des praticiens • Une collaboration réussie entre chercheurs et praticiens nécessite trois éléments : un(e) « allié(e) » au sein de la communauté de praticiens afin de promouvoir le partenariat ; des parties prenantes titulaires ; et la capacité des deux communautés à faire des concessions pour faire avancer les connaissances. • Une forme de coproduction moins participative peut être tout aussi efficace pour mettre en évidence les questions liées au milieu du travail et dégager des solutions. • La résolution de problèmes en concertation avec des chercheurs est essentielle pour comprendre la sous-représentation des femmes au sein des autorités répressives fédérales.
Use of World Health Organization Guidelines to Improve Hand Washing Efficacy
Authors: Fries Kristin E. , Figueroa Anna M. , Pickerign Heather , Breda Karen , Eichar Susan
Published: September 2020

Background:

Hand washing continues to be the number one most effective way to prevent the spread of germs. This quality improvement project examines whether a hands-on soap and water hand washing tutorial increases the quality of hand washing technique.

Method:

The Glow Team developed and presented an evidence-based hands-on teaching tutorial demonstrating proper hand washing technique as recommended by the World Health Organization to 100 emergency department health care workers. The efficacy of the technique was evaluated by applying black light–sensitive lotion. Participants washed their hands before and after the education session. Participants completed a posttest to evaluate their gained knowledge of hand washing.

Results:

Hand washing efficacy improved from 60% preeducation to 82% posteducation. Each individual step noted improvement posteducation.

Conclusion:

Of 100 participants, 98 reported this education was helpful and suggested yearly competencies, posted fliers, and repeated demonstrations to improve compliance among self and peers.

[
J Contin Educ Nurs
. 2020;51(10):453–456.]
The COMITS Model: A Framework for Successful Publishing
Authors: Schmidt Nola A. , Brown Janet M.
Published: September 2020

Publishing is a necessity for nursing faculty and a growing expectation for nurse clinicians. Overcoming personal, organizational, and publishing barriers to writing is critical for successful publishing. The purpose of this article is to introduce the COMITS model. COMITS is an acronym that represents the following concepts: Commitment, Organization, Mechanics, Interpersonal, Time, and Sustainability. Strategies for overcoming barriers are described. Using these strategies associated with the COMITS model provides a framework for overcoming barriers that often prevent nursing faculty and clinicians from publishing.

[
J Contin Educ Nurs
. 2020;51(10):477–483.]
An Interdisciplinary Approach to Implementing the Age-Friendly Health System 4Ms in an Ambulatory Clinical Pathway With a Focus on Medication Safety
Authors: Guth Amanda , Chou Joshua , Courtin S. Orion , Ford Carolyn , Hennawi George , Brandt Nicole
Published: September 2020

MedStar's Center for Successful Aging (CSA) participated in the Age-Friendly Health Systems initiative led by The John A. Hartford Foundation and the Institute for Healthcare Improvement in partnership with the American Hospital Association and the Catholic Health Association of the United States. This initiative focuses on bringing the 4Ms framework—What Matters, Medication, Mentation, and Mobility—to caring for older adults. A quality improvement project was conducted at the CSA to integrate the 4Ms framework into the CSA ambulatory clinical pathway. Our interventions found upward trends in patients receiving 4Ms care during their new patient visits. Positive preliminary feedback was also obtained from providers following the incorporation of the 4Ms framework in the high-risk rounds discussion. A focus on high-risk medications and deprescribing illustrated positive clinical outcomes. This ongoing interprofessional collaboration illustrates the importance of person-centered care and quality improvement to achieve Age-Friendly Health Systems status within an ambulatory practice. [
Journal of Gerontological Nursing, 46
(10), 7–11.]
Developing an Innovative Tablet-Based Walking Program to Improve Arthritis Fatigue
Authors: Cody Jean , Choi Jeungok , Martell Christopher R.
Published: September 2020

Fatigue associated with arthritis is highly prevalent and interferes with patients' daily routines. An interdisciplinary research team developed the Tablet-based Cognitive Behavioral Intervention (Tab-CBI) for older adults with arthritis fatigue. The goal of the Tab-CBI is to alleviate fatigue by promoting a simple walking activity. The Tab-CBI application used off-the-shelf technologies and was implemented on a mini-tablet computer. The four key components of Tab-CBI are: (a) multimedia cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT)–based educational modules; (b) videoconferencing communication; (c) individualized goal setting; and (d) electronic data submission. Experts perceived that the Tab-CBI was engaging and user friendly, and effective in improving simple walking routines and alleviating fatigue. Experts' feedback was incorporated into refining the Tab-CBI. The current study demonstrated that the Tab-CBI has potential to be a useful innovation for fatigue management in older adults. [
Journal of Gerontological Nursing, 46
(10), 13–18.]
Online Learning as a Panacea? An Empirical Study to Discuss Problem-Based Cooperative Learning in Taiwan
Authors: Chen Farn-Shing , Ke Hong-Sen , Chen Yuan-Chen
Published: September 2020

Due to the coronavirus pandemic (COVID-19), many schools and universities have closed worldwide, however, the UNESCO recommended the use of distance learning to reach learners remotely and limit the disruption of education. this is an empirical study to discuss if the role of online learning really helps learners to learn programming design better on problem-based cooperative learning. This study adopted a quasi-experimental and nonequivalent control-group design, and it carried out a 7-week experimental instruction by applying online and face-to-face cooperative learning methods. The programming design learning achievement pretest and posttest were used to collect the data from the participants. And it shown that the different cooperative learning methods had significant differences in their achievement, learning online was helpful, but face-to-face learning was superior significantly than online learning in this study.
A study of Grammar Analysis in English Teaching With Deep Learning Algorithm
Authors: Zhang Gang
Published: September 2020

In English teaching, grammar is a very important part. Based on the seq2seq model, a grammar analysis method combining the attention mechanism, word embedding and CNN seq2seq was designed using the deep learning algorithm, then the algorithm training was completed on NUCLE, and it was tested on CoNIL-2014. The experimental results showed that of seq2seq+attention improved 33.43% compared to the basic seq2seq; in the comparison between the method proposed in this study and CAMB, the P value of the former was 59.33% larger than that of CAMB, the R value was 8.9% larger, and the value of was 42.91% larger. Finally, in the analysis of the actual students' grammar homework, the proposed method also showed a good performance. The experimental results show that the method designed in this study is effective in grammar analysis and can be applied and popularized in actual English teaching.
Features and Inspirations of Performance Framework for Regional Universities in Australia
Authors: Gao Fei
Published: September 2020

Regional universities are common around the world, and important to the higher education system. This paper mainly analyzes the features of performance framework for regional universities in Australia, and discusses how the framework inspires the performance evaluation of regional universities in China. Firstly, the main features of Australian regional universities were summarized as the diversity of students, the strong local features, and the important social influence. Then, the key components of the performance framework, namely, core, optional, and institution-specific measures, were introduced in great details. Drawing on the framework and the local conditions, several suggestions were put forward to promote the performance evaluation of regional universities in China: develop high-level universities, serve local development, and diversify evaluation standards. The research results help to promote higher education in China and beyond.
Onboarding for Competitive Performance
Authors: Setlhodi Itumeleng Innocentia
Published: September 2020

Welcoming new employees into their job requires more concerted leadership effort to ensure that they settle in, begin work as soon as possible, and can be competitive. This chapter highlights the significance of complying with onboarding processes at all levels within an organisation. Drawing from literature, the importance of onboarding for purposes of acquiring competitiveness is offered, and then an onboarding process mapping and modelling (OPMM) is developed. A vignette based on ethnobiography of lived experiences during onboarding at a University in South Africa is presented. After using the structural narrative analysis, findings provide insights on the significance of the leaders' role at all levels of the organisation, in complying with the onboarding processes to yield employee competitiveness. Finally, the strategies for early engagement are presented, relaying approaches for socialisation to yield a competitive advantage factor. This implies that internal monitoring and evaluation of the process is essential to derive value.
Teacher Perception of Head of School Transformational Leadership, Transparency, and Accountability of School Financial Management
Authors: Karyana Johan Pitoyo Jati , Aryani Y. Anni
Published: September 2020

This study investigates the effect of teachers' perception of head of school transformational leadership, transparency, and school's financial management accountability. Using 120 samples from high school teachers' perception in Madiun Central Java region, this study found that teachers' perception of head of school transformational leadership has a positive impact on the transparency and accountability of the school's financial management. This implies that transformational leadership style of the head of school is an important factor of the school's financial management to increase its transparency and accountability.
Institutional Support and Entrepreneurial Self-Efficacy
Authors: Abe Ethel N. , Abe Isaac Idowu
Published: September 2020

Factors that facilitate successful entrepreneurship range from cultural, educational, financial, environmental, technological factors to other macro and micro-economic factors. Scholars, for instance, report that continuance of entrepreneurship for lengthy periods may be an indicator of a culture of entrepreneurship amongst the residents of a given population, which could be significant in the development of the regional economy. The question is, do these factors each singularly or combinatorically result in entrepreneurial success? Since institutional support could foster the successes and failures of enterprises, entrepreneurial self-efficacy, which defines an individual's belief in their ability to achieve success in entrepreneurship, is joined in the investigation presented in this chapter. The chapter explores both factors as possible recipes for entrepreneurial success in Sub-Saharan Africa. The implications of the chapter for successful entrepreneurship literature are defined.
The Meaning, Prevalence, and Outcomes of Cyberbullying in the Workplace
Authors: Kowalski Robin M. , Robbins Chelsea E.
Published: September 2020

The increased reliance on information and communication technologies (ICTs) in the workplace, while producing many positive outcomes, may also expose workers to cyberbullying. To date, much of the extant research on cyberbullying has focused on middle and high school youth; however, cyberbullying is not limited to a particular age demographic or setting. Unlike face-to-face workplace bullying, workplace cyberbullying may be brought into the workplace or carried home from the workplace. The current chapter defines cyberbullying, including how it differs from related constructs such as cyber incivility and cyber aggression. The chapter then reports prevalence rates of workplace cyberbullying, followed by a discussion of antecedents and consequences of cyberbullying exposure. Prevention and intervention goals in the workplace are also discussed as employers are now being tasked with tackling this issue in the workplace.
Disruptions to the Workplace Exploring the Policies and Legal Cases of Online Sexual Harassment
Authors: Scarduzio Jennifer Ann , Walker Christina S.
Published: September 2020

Online sexual harassment, also called cybersexual harassment, has proliferated as the rise of technology and social media has also increased. One particular issue that impacts victims' decisions is that many organizations do not have policies—or at least clear policies—regarding the consequences for perpetrator behavior. Thus, the purpose of this chapter is to explore the policies, legal implications, and example cases of online sexual harassment for employee victims who are harassed by their coworkers and to also detail how organizations have responded in the past. Furthermore, the authors highlight specific example policies that some organizations have in place as well as describe how organizations could (or should) respond to online harassment situations.
Social and Legislative Issues in Handling Cyberbullying in India
Authors: C. Karthikeyan
Published: September 2020

This chapter will address the social and legislative issues of workplace cyberbullying in India. The sociological issues arising out of workplace cyberbullying in India and across the world, its nature, evolution, impact, and intensity are analyzed with the statistical evidence from various research studies. The importance of averting and preventing cyberbullying is addressed with the developments happening in the introduction of legal provisions and legislative measures, enactments of controlling various countries of the world including India are analyzed. The chapter covers the veracity in the psychological impact with statistical inputs from the evolution, kinds, and purpose of using the anti-bullying laws in India, and its socio-legislative issues beyond the law, and clarifies the difficulties in measuring, with examples and the practical strategies to handle cyberbullying. The chapter also brings in through references and some of the popular posters that are popular across the world, which shall be put up in important places to educate every Indian citizen.
Preventing Cyberbullying and Online Harassment
Authors: Nerren Jess
Published: September 2020

The prevention of online harassment and cyberbullying is an important priority in offices, schools, businesses, and society-at-large. As the world becomes more connected, there is the unfortunate opportunity for harassment and bullying to occur in online environments. Sometimes this is related to offline interactions and sometimes it is solely online. Online harassment and bullying is an unethical and sometimes illegal behavior, which will be discussed in this chapter through the lens of interpretivism and using cognitive dissonance theory and spiral of silence theory. In addition, there are opportunities to proactively take action, which can reduce the likelihood of our online connections turning into harassing environments.
Organizational Activity
Authors: Luurs Geoffrey D.
Published: September 2020

Workplace cyberbullying and online harassment are ongoing problems requiring organizational intervention. This chapter utilizes cultural-historical activity theory as a lens to examine organizational activities. Organizational activities establish the productive norms of the workplace which produce and reproduce objects that serve the needs of an organization. By examining the framework of the workplace, organizational leaders and policymakers can more effectively create prevention policies. Activities are broken down into six interrelated parts: tools, subjects, objects, rules, communities of practice, and divisions of labor. The author argues the motivations of individual actors and the motivations of the organization as key pressure points requiring further analysis in order to foster proactive, preventative workplace bullying policy and the development of positive organizational communicative norms.
Educational Disparities Among Marginalized Groups of Students
Authors: Radu Monica Bixby
Published: September 2020

Parents play a critical role in shaping their children's educational outcomes. Scholars identify parental resources, family background, and capital investments in children as factors that contribute to educational outcomes later in life. Schools also prove to be important contexts where children develop, suggesting that both families and schools are important for promoting youths' educational success. Ecological systems theory suggests the importance of considering how multiple contexts affect youths' social, cognitive, and behavioral development and maintains that socio-demographic factors, such as race and ethnicity, may affect interactions with immediate settings, such as families and schools. Therefore, drawing from this perspective, this researcher argues that perceiving one's school as unsafe and being the victim of bullying disrupts the educational process, particularly for students of color. Bullying encompasses a power dynamic between the bully and bully-victim, and the presence of bullying in schools may exacerbate unequal school environments.
The New Era of Bullying
Authors: Chen Bowie , Luppicini Rocci
Published: September 2020

Bullying is an international public health problem that is affecting millions of youth around the world. With the proliferation of digital technology and online social networks, bullying is able to circumvent traditional safety barriers provided within the homes of youth which compounds concerns for parents. This phenomenological research study explored reflections on personal cyberbullying experiences by university students (N = 10) between the ages of 18-23. The study sought to understand why cyberbullying happens and how affected individuals respond to cyberbullying encounters. Findings revealed that online risk behaviour, perceived intention of the bully, response to cyber abuse, and quality of adult and student relationship appear to be linked to the severity of a user's cyberbullying experience. This research contributes to research by providing insight into how students experience and deal with cyberbullying.
Silent Voices
Authors: St. Surin Orlin , Blankenship Rebecca J.
Published: September 2020

Traditionally, face-to-face bullying has been major problem among adolescents, especially those deemed at-risk. With the rise in the use of and advancements in mobile technologies, the Internet 2.0, and smart phones, a new form of bullying has been on the rise resulting from the increase in access to technologies and by association, social media outlets such as Facebook, Instagram, and Twitter. Cyberbullying, as it has been denoted, can occur at any time of the day on all social media platforms resulting in the potential of face-to-face victims enduring the abuse of their aggressors on an almost 24/7 basis. As such, cyberbullying can trigger numerous emotional and physical stressors among students. The purpose of this study was to discover the perceptions middle school students have about cyberbullying and their role as either victim, perpetrator, or bystander. The results of the study speak to a broader and emerging narrative indicating the psychological challenges faced by developing adolescent minds in negotiating face-to-face and virtual relationships.
Defining and Understanding the Development of Juvenile Delinquency from an Environmental, Sociological, and Theoretical Perspective
Authors: Barone Peter Arthur
Published: September 2020

This chapter purports that there are sociological environments, interactions and theoretical reasons as to why some juveniles, as they develop and mature in life, transform from being law abiding juveniles into law breaking juvenile delinquents. Information is presented in this chapter regarding the various environments juveniles live through and what they experience from the people functioning within these environments. There is an examination of how the people, who are models working and living in these environments, influence and shape the behavior of the juveniles. Various theories are presented and discussed as well as the relevance of their value in explaining how observation, processing of information, learning of observed behavior and then replication of behavior with positive reinforcement all contribute to the transformation of a juvenile into a juvenile delinquent.
Potential Causes of Mass School Shooting Incidents
Authors: Budd Joseph R. , Herron Jeffrey , Sartin Renee
Published: September 2020

Over the past several years, American educational institutions have seen an increase in gun violence by students. This increase has erupted calls for stricter gun control and larger gun-free zones at institutions of learning. There have been many theories to why American schools have become a place of fear instead of institutions of learning. Some explore the cause of mental illness; some investigate bullying, and a few acknowledge the lack of administrative follow-up on in-school incidents. This chapter will explore the relationships and correlations between the shooter, the victim(s), school zero-tolerance policy and how previous incidents of violence or threats of violence were/are processed in the school systems where these incidents have occurred.
The American K-12 School Violence Incident
Authors: Crews Gordon A. , Crews Garrison A.
Published: September 2020

The authors give an overview of a research project that examined in detail 106 characteristics of 78 school violence incidents that occurred in the United States between 1979 and 2011. The result is an extensive overview of the location, date, and time of school violence incidents; the school environment in which violence occurred; the school violence incident itself; the characteristics of the perpetrators involved; characteristics of weapons used; and injuries incurred. The authors pose to the reader six major findings of the characteristics of K-12 school violence incidents in the United States which they argue must be considered as we move forward in dealing with this issue.
Impact of Zero Tolerance Policies on K-12 Education
Authors: McIntyre Jr. R. Neal
Published: September 2020

Since the mid-1990s, zero tolerance policies have been utilized in K-12 education as a means of addressing and deterring acts of violence on school grounds. While originally designed to address serious infractions, such as possession of weapons and drugs in schools, these policies have been expanded to include less serious offenses, such as fighting, absences, and other minor disturbances. Critics argue that this punitive approach has not only led to the inconsistent use and application of these policies but has also been used as a means of forcing lower performing students and minorities out of school by criminalizing minor acts thereby creating a school-to-prison pipeline. Research has identified that these policies are ineffective and has had a detrimental impact on kids both in school and beyond, yet they are still popular. This chapter examines these various issues and harmful consequences of zero tolerance while offering recommendations for schools to implement restorative justice practices, or a similar philosophy, in their response to wrongdoings by students.
Will Teachers Shoot?
Authors: Kurtz Howard A.
Published: September 2020

The question “will teachers shoot?” is a neglected issue central to the discussions of how to make our schools safer. Arming faculty may seem like a cheap solution, but it is one that needs refinement and a deeper understanding. What if research shows that most faculty will not shoot no matter the threat or that only certain people will under certain circumstances? This of course says nothing about their level of expertise or non-existent predictions about positive and negative outcomes. Teachers are the experts in this area and their voices need to be heard. Some portray teachers as protective, loving, self-sacrificing heroes who will willingly put their lives on the line for their students. A more realistic view may be one of teachers as professional employees who are under no obligation to risk their lives for the students they teach or the institutions they serve.
It Can Happen Here
Authors: Patterson Jean A , Berry Bobby , Forker Jennifer L. , Jaso Sharon , Montford John , Stubblefield Deborah A. , Umeri Mercy O.
Published: September 2020

On February 26, 2016, a mass shooting happened in the quiet town of Hesston, Kansas. A disgruntled employee opened fire at the Excel Industries plant, located directly across the street from the public-school complex. Four people were killed, and 14 others sustained serious injuries. This chapter reports findings from an interpretive qualitative study conducted to understand perceptions of safety and security measures taken in Hesston public schools after the shooting. The authors conducted personal interviews and focus groups which allowed for gathering and analyzing people's perspectives. Documents and artifacts were collected, and media coverage of the shooting was analyzed. Observations regarding safety and security measures were carried out at each school building. The results showed participants hold a strong attachment to their community that sustains the belief that Hesston is a safe place. They trust their law enforcement and other community leaders to take appropriate security measures.
Dewey, School Violence, and Aesthetic Response
Authors: Maarhuis Patricia Louise , Rud A. G.
Published: September 2020

Since the tragic shootings at Sandy Hook Elementary in 2012 there have been at least 159 school shootings in America (Everytown, n.d.). This chapter focuses on application of Deweyan thought to school shootings and aesthetic responses. Educational and aesthetic theories are used to understand the effects of school violence and inquiry includes analysis of artful works made in response to shootings. Common themes are noted across all 3 sites in various aesthetic responses and the steps toward reconstruction of associated living. Findings suggest engagement in responsive art works may ameliorate the disruption and trauma of school shootings. Within aesthetic response, there is potential for reclamation, restoration, and re-presentation of experience through the doubled reconstruction of communal spaces/places and of relational identity after shooting incidents. Considerations include the use of aesthetic response and associated living practices by activist and educators as a potential means to understand and work against gun violence.
Design for Child-Friendly Environment in Primary and Secondary Schools Aims at Safe Society
Authors: Zhang Yu , Chen Ziguang
Published: September 2020

School bullying has plagued schools with violence for quite some time and exerts a serious negative impact on society. Primary and secondary school can be looked at like a micro-society composed of students, teachers, and staff where students can suffer serious injury, physically and mentally, at the hands of school bullies. It is therefore urgent to reduce the prevalence of school bullying in hopes of eliminating it altogether. The present research aims to encourage social safety promotion through the study of crime prevention through environmental design theory and an exploration of characteristics of school bullying in primary and secondary schools. From there, environmental design strategies such as improved spatial interaction, a sense of safe territory, dedicated space for various activities, and positive emotions in child-friendly spaces are proposed. The outcome of this research hopes to improve campus security and reduce and prevent school bullying while guiding architectural design for primary and secondary school campus design.
Literature and Aesthetic Reading as Means of Promoting Nonviolence
Authors: Presadă Diana
Published: September 2020

In an increasingly violent world, reading literary works and the teaching of literature in school may play an important part in shaping students' personality as human beings. Turning literature classes into an effective way of cultivating ethical values in learners should be an educational goal of the curriculum irrespective of the level of study. Starting from the data provided by a focus group organized with Philology students within the Petroleum-Gas University of Ploiesti, the present chapter aims to highlight how literature classes may increase their moral awareness and develop their ethical skills. More precisely, the study investigates students' perceptions of literature and its role in developing mutual respect and non-violent behavior inside and outside the academic environment.