bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Spacewear
Authors: Brownie Barbara
Published: April 2019

Today, we are living in the New Space Age, where mass commercial space travel is almost within our grasp. This otherworldly possibility has opened up new cultural images of space, both real and fictional, and has caused fashion design and spacesuit engineering to intersect in new, exciting ways. Spacewear traverses this uncharted territory by exploring the changing imagination of space in fashion—and fashion in space—from the first Space Age to the 21st century. Exploring how space travel has stylistically and technologically framed fashion design on earth and how we need to revisit established design practices for the weightless environment, Spacewear connects the catwalk and the space station.

This book draws together speculative fantasies in sci-fi films such as Star Trek and 2001: A Space Odyssey, with the engineered spacesuits Biosuit, and the NASA Z-2 and with catwalk interpretations by the likes of Alexander McQueen, Hussein Chalayan, André Courrèges, and Iris van Herpen. While the development of commercial space agencies has led to new concerns for style in garments for outer space that re-think fundamental design principles such as drape, high fashion has experimented with new possibilities for weightlessness that extend far beyond the 1960s vision of Space Age metallic fabrics and helmet-style headwear.

Brownie takes the reader on a fascinating journey from fantasy to function and to form, deepening our understanding of this new category of fashion that is prompting new approaches to garment design and construction both on earth and in outer space.
Fashion, History, Museums
Authors: Petrov Julia
Published: April 2019

The last decade has seen the growing popularity and visibility of fashion as a cultural product, including its growing presence in museum exhibitions. This book explores the history of fashion displays, highlighting the continuity of past and present curatorial practices. Comparing and contrasting exhibitions from different museums and decades—from the Paris Exposition Universelle of 1900 to the Alexander McQueen Savage Beauty show at the Metropolitan Museum of Art in 2011, and beyond—it makes connections between museum fashion and the wider fashion industry.

By critically analyzing trends in fashion exhibition practice over the 20th and early 21st centuries, Julia Petrov defines and describes the varied representations of historical fashion within British and North American museum exhibitions. Rooted in extensive archival research on exhibitions by global leaders in the field—from the Victoria and Albert and the Bath Fashion Museum to the Brooklyn and the Royal Ontario Museums—the work reveals how fashion exhibitions have been shaped by the values and anxieties associated with fashion more generally.

Supplemented by parallel critical approaches, including museological theory, historiography, body theory, material culture, and visual studies, Fashion History in the Museum demonstrates that in an increasingly corporate and mass-mediated world, fashion exhibitions must be analysed in a comparative and global context. Richly illustrated with 70 images, this book is essential reading for students and scholars of fashion history and museology, as well as curators, conservators, and exhibition designers.
Pictorial Embroidery in England
Authors: Desnoyers Rosika
Published: April 2019

The little-known art of Berlin Work was once the most commonly practiced art form among European women. Pictorial Embroidery in England is the first academic study of both pictorial Berlin Work and its precursor, needlepainting, exploring their cultural status in the 18th and 19th centuries.

From enlightenment practices of copying to the development of an industrial aesthetic and the making of the modern amateur, Berlin Work developed as an official knowledge associated with notions of cultural and scientific progress. However, with the advent of the Arts and Crafts movement and modernist aesthetics, Berlin Work was gradually demoted to a craft hobby. Delving into the social, cultural and economic context of English pictorial embroidery, Pictorial Embroidery in England recovers Berlin Work as an art form, and demonstrates how this overlooked practice was once at the centre of cultural life.
Designers, Users and Justice
Authors: Keinonen Turkka
Published: April 2019

How do we design for users? How might users best participate in the design process? How can we evaluate the user’s experience of designed products and services? These fundamental questions are addressed in Designers, Users, and Justice, through a series of dialogues between a design scholar and a designer. In a series of conversations, the scholar and the designer address the concepts and practice of user centred design, examining whether a 'just method' necessarily leads to a just design, consider different models for understanding user experience and socially productive design, including the capability approach and utilitarianism, and ponder how an ethical framework for evaluating design might be developed.

Throughout, the scholar and the designer draw on their particular experiences in design practice and design education, and propose alternative conceptualisations of the key ideas of user centred design, highlighting and seeking to address the ethical shortcomings of mainstream user centred design practice.
The Design Politics of the Passport
Authors: Keshavarz Mahmoud
Published: April 2019

The Design Politics of the Passport presents an innovative study of the passport and its associated social, political and material practices as a means of uncovering the workings of ‘design politics’. It traces the histories, technologies, power relations and contestations around this small but powerful artefact to establish a framework for understanding how design is always enmeshed in the political, and how politics can be understood in terms of material objects.

Combining design studies with critical border studies, alongside ethnographic work among undocumented migrants, border transgressors and passport forgers, this book shows how a world made and designed as open and hospitable to some is strictly enclosed, confined and demarcated for many others - and how those affected by such injustices dissent from the immobilities imposed on them through the same capacity of design and artifice.
Quantifying aerosol size distributions and their temporal variability in the Southern Great Plains, USA
Authors: Marinescu Peter J. , Levin Ezra J. T. , Collins Don , Kreidenweis Sonia M. , van den Heever Susan C.
Published: April 2019

Abstract. A quality-controlled, 5-year dataset (2009–2013) of aerosol number size distributions (particles with diameters (Dp) from 7 nm through 14 μm) was developed using observations from a scanning mobility particle sizer, aerodynamic particle sizer, and a condensation particle counter at the Department of Energy's Southern Great Plains (SGP) site. This dataset was used for two purposes. First, typical characteristics of the aerosol size distribution (number, surface area, and volume) were calculated for the SGP site, both for the entire dataset and on a seasonal basis, and size distribution lognormal fit parameters are provided. While the median size distributions generally had similar shapes (4 lognormal modes) in all the seasons, there were some significant differences between seasons. These differences were most significant in the smallest particles (Dp  800 nm). Second, power spectral analysis was conducted on this long-term dataset to determine key temporal cycles of total aerosol concentrations, as well as aerosol concentrations in specified size ranges. The strongest cyclic signal was associated with a diurnal cycle in total aerosol number concentrations that was driven by the number concentrations of the smallest particles (Dp
Substantial ozone enhancement over the North China Plain from increased biogenic emissions due to heat waves and land cover in summer 2017
Authors: Ma Mingchen , Gao Yang , Wang Yuhang , Zhang Shaoqing , Leung L. Ruby , Liu Cheng , Wang Shuxiao , Zhao Bin , Chang Xing , Su Hang , Zhang Tianqi , Sheng Lifang , Yao Xiaohong , Gao Huiwang
Published: April 2019

Abstract. In the summer of 2017, heavy ozone pollution swamped most of the North China Plain (NCP), with the maximum regional average of daily maximum 8-h ozone concentration (MDA8) reaching almost 120 ppbv. In light of the continuing reduction of anthropogenic emissions in China, the underlying mechanisms for the occurrences of these regional extreme ozone episodes are elucidated from two perspectives: meteorology and biogenic emissions. The significant positive correlation between MDA8 and temperature, which is amplified during heat waves concomitant with stagnant air and no precipitation, supports the crucial role of meteorology in driving high ozone concentrations. We also find that biogenic emissions are enhanced due to factors previously not considered. During the heavy ozone pollution episodes in June 2017, biogenic emissions driven by high vapor pressure deficit (VPD), land cover change and urban landscape yield an extra mean MDA8 ozone of 3.08, 2.79 and 4.74 ppbv, respectively over the NCP, which together contribute as much to MDA8 ozone as biogenic emissions simulated using the land cover of 2003 and ignoring VPD and urban landscape. In Beijing, the biogenic emission increase due to urban landscape has a comparable effect on MDA8 ozone to the combined effect of high VPD and land cover change between 2003 and 2016. This study highlights the vital contributions of heat waves, land cover change and urbanization to the occurrence of extreme ozone episode, with significant implications for ozone pollution control in a future when heat wave frequency and intensity are projected to increase under global warming.
Assessing impacts of selective logging on water, energy, and carbon budgets and ecosystem dynamics in Amazon forests using the Functionally Assembled Terrestrial Ecosystem Simulator
Authors: Huang Maoyi , Xu Yi , Longo Marcos , Keller Michael , Knox Ryan , Koven Charles , Fisher Rosie
Published: April 2019

Abstract. Tropical forest degradation from logging, fire, and fragmentation not only alters carbon stocks and carbon fluxes, but also impacts physical land-surface properties such as albedo and roughness length. Such impacts are poorly quantified to date due to difficulties in accessing and maintaining observational infrastructures, and the lack of proper modeling tools for capturing the interactions among biophysical properties, ecosystem demography, canopy structure, and biogeochemical cycling in tropical forests. As a first step to address these limitations, we implemented a selective logging module into the Functionally Assembled Terrestrial Ecosystem Simulator (FATES) by mimicking the ecological, biophysical, and biogeochemical processes following a logging event. The model can specify the timing and aerial extent of logging events, splitting the logged forest patch into disturbed and intact patches, determine the survivorship of cohorts in the disturbed patch, and modifying the biomass and necromass (total mass of coarse woody debris and litter) pools following logging. We parameterized the logging module to reproduce a selective logging experiment at the Tapajós National Forest in Brazil and benchmarked model outputs against available field measurements. Our results suggest that the model permits the coexistence of early and late successional functional types and realistically characterizes the seasonality of water and carbon fluxes and stocks, the forest structure and composition, and the ecosystem succession following disturbance. However, the current version of FATES overestimates water stress in the dry season therefore fails to capture seasonal variation in latent and sensible heat fluxes. Moreover, we observed a bias towards low stem density and leaf area when compared to observations, suggesting that improvements are needed in both carbon allocation and establishment of trees. The effects of logging were assessed by different logging scenarios to represent reduced impact and conventional logging practices, both with high and low logging intensities. The model simulations suggest that in comparison to old-growth forests the logged forests rapidly recover water and energy fluxes in one to three years. In contrast, the recovery times for carbon stocks, forest structure and composition are more than 30 years depending on logging practices and intensity. This study lays the foundation to simulate land use change and forest degradation in FATES, which will be an effective tool to directly represent forest management practices and regeneration in the context of Earth System Models.
Is Shale Gas a Major Driver of Recent Increase in Global Atmospheric Methane?
Authors: Howarth Robert W.
Published: April 2019

Abstract. Methane has been rising rapidly in the atmosphere over the past decade, contributing to global climate change. Unlike the late 20th Century when the rise in atmospheric methane was accompanied by an enrichment in the heavier carbon stable isotope (13C) of methane, methane in recent years has become more depleted in 13C. This depletion has been widely interpreted to indicate a primarily biogenic source for the increased methane. Here we show that the change may instead be associated with emissions from shale gas and shale oil development. While methane in conventional natural gas is enriched in 13C relative to the atmospheric mean, shale gas is depleted in 13C relative to this atmospheric level. Correcting for this difference, we conclude that emissions from shale gas production in North America over the past decade may well be the leading cause of the increased flux of methane to the atmosphere. Increased fluxes from biogenic sources such as animal agriculture and wetlands are far less important than indicated by some other recent papers using 13C data.
SM2RAIN-ASCAT (2007–2018): global daily satellite rainfall
from ASCAT soil moisture
Authors: Brocca Luca , Filippucci Paolo , Hahn Sebastian , Ciabatta Luca , Massari Christian , Camici Stefania , Schüller Lothar , Bojkov Bojan , Wagner Wolfgang
Published: April 2019

Abstract. Long-term gridded precipitation products are crucial for several applications in hydrology, agriculture and climate sciences. Currently available precipitation products obtained from rain gauges, remote sensing and meteorological modelling suffer from space and time inconsistency due to non-uniform density of ground networks and the difficulties in merging multiple satellite sensors. The recent bottom up approach that uses satellite soil moisture observations for estimating rainfall through the SM2RAIN algorithm is suited to build long-term and consistent rainfall data record as a single polar orbiting satellite sensor is used. We exploit here the Advanced SCATterometer (ASCAT) on board three Metop satellites, launched in 2006, 2012 and 2018. The continuity of the scatterometer sensor on European operational weather satellites is ensured until mid-2040s through the Metop Second Generation Programme. By applying SM2RAIN algorithm to ASCAT soil moisture observations a long-term rainfall data record can be obtained, also operationally available in near real time. The paper describes the recent improvements in data pre-processing, SM2RAIN algorithm formulation, and data post-processing for obtaining the SM2RAIN-ASCAT global daily rainfall dataset at 12.5 km sampling (2007–2018). The quality of SM2RAIN-ASCAT dataset is assessed on a regional scale through the comparison with high-quality ground networks in Europe, United States, India and Australia. Moreover, an assessment on a global scale is provided by using the Triple Collocation technique allowing us also the comparison with other global products such as the latest European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts reanalysis (ERA5), the Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) mission, and the gauge-based Global Precipitation Climatology Centre (GPCC) product. Results show that the SM2RAIN-ASCAT rainfall dataset performs relatively well both at regional and global scale, mainly in terms of root mean square error when compared to other datasets. Specifically, SM2RAIN-ASCAT dataset provides better performance better than GPM and GPCC in the data scarce regions of the world, such as Africa and South America. In these areas we expect the larger benefits in using SM2RAIN-ASCAT for hydrological and agricultural applications.The SM2RAIN-ASCAT dataset is freely available at https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.2591215.
Introducing PebbleCounts: A grain-sizing tool for photo surveys of dynamic gravel-bed rivers
Authors: Purinton Benjamin , Bookhagen Bodo
Published: April 2019

Abstract. Grain-size distributions are a key geomorphic metric of gravel-bed rivers. Traditional measurement methods include manual counting or photo sieving, but these are achievable only at the 1–10 m2 scale. With the advent of unmanned aerial vehicles and increasingly high-resolution cameras, we can now generate orthoimagery over hectares at sub-cm resolution. These scales, along with the complexity of high-mountain rivers, necessitate different approaches for photo sieving. As opposed to other image segmentation methods that use a watershed approach to automatically segment entire images, our open-source algorithm, PebbleCounts, relies on k-means clustering in the spatial and spectral domain and rapid manual selection of well-delineated grains. The result is improved grain-size estimates for complex river-bed imagery, without any post processing. In a second step, we develop a fully automated method, PebbleCountsAuto, that relies on edge detection and filtering suspect grains, without the k-means clustering or manual selection steps. The algorithms are tested in controlled indoor conditions on three arrays of pebbles and then applied to 12 × 1 m2 orthomosaic clips of high-energy mountain rivers collected with a camera-on-mast setup (akin to a low-flying drone). A 20-pixel b-axis length lower truncation is necessary for attaining accurate grain-size distributions. For the k-means PebbleCounts approach, average percentile bias and precision are 0.03 and 0.09 ψ, respectively, for ~ 1.16 mm/pixel images, and 0.07 and 0.05 ψ for one 0.32 mm/pixel image. The automatic approach has higher bias and precision of 0.13 and 0.15 ψ, respectively, for ~ 1.16 mm/pixel images, but similar values of −0.06 and 0.05 ψ for one 0.32 mm/pixel image. For the automatic approach, only at best 70 % of the grains are correct identifications, and typically around 50 %. PebbleCounts operates most effectively at the 1 m2 scale, where the algorithm can be rapidly applied in ~ 5 minutes in many small areas to acquire accurate grain-size data over 10–100 m2 areas. These data can be used to validate PebbleCountsAuto applied at the scale of entire survey sites (102–104 m2). We synthesize results and recommend best practices for image collection, orthomosaic generation, and grain-size measurement using both algorithms.
Efficient estimation of effective hydraulic properties of stratal
undulating surface layer using time-lapse multi-channel GPR
Authors: Pan Xicai , Jaumann Stefan , Zhang Jiabao , Roth Kurt
Published: April 2019

Abstract. Multi-scale soil architectures in shallow subsurface are widespread in natural and anthropogenic depositional environments, acquisition of the surface stratal structure and hydrological properties are essential to quantify water cycling. Geophysical methods like Ground-Penetrating Radar (GPR) can provide quantitative information like soil architecture and spatiotemporal soil water content distribution for the shallow layer. Concerning the informative multi-dimensional water flow in the surface layer with an undulating bottom at plot scale, this study assesses the feasibility of efficiently estimating soil hydraulic properties using a few time-lapse multi-channel GPR observations, namely soil water storage and layer thickness of the surface layer at a reclamation land near an old river channel. We show that effective hydraulic properties of the surface layer can be obtained with a small number of time-lapse GPR measurements during a rainfall event. Additionally, we analyze the effect of some key factors controlling the informative lateral water redistribution on the results of the proposed approach using synthetic simulations.
A flood risk oriented dynamic protection motivation framework to explain risk reduction behaviours
Authors: Weyrich Philippe , Mondino Elena , Borga Marco , Di Baldassarre Giuliano , Patt Anthony , Scolobig Anna
Published: April 2019

Abstract. Private risk reduction behaviours can significantly reduce the negative impacts of flooding and flash floods. Over the past decades, researchers have used various socio-cognitive models or threat/coping mechanisms to explain individual protective behaviours. However, these models ignore that people are not equally ready to act upon a danger and they give limited insights into the effectiveness of communication strategies to foster risk reduction behaviours. Therefore, we explored the current state of homeowner's readiness to undertake risk reduction behaviours in flood risk areas by applying a dynamic protection motivation framework. We conducted a survey in an Italian municipality that experienced severe flash flooding in September 2018. The results show that people are motivated by different factors in prompting risk reduction behaviour based on their type of protective measures. For example, people that undertook structural or avoidance measures are more likely to be motivated to protect themselves by increased perceptions of vulnerability and response efficacy, and are less worried about expected flood losses compared to people that undertook only basic emergency measures. In this paper, we argue how these new insights contribute to target flood risk communication strategies to groups of individuals characterized by different readiness stages and motivations to protect themselves.
Deep Circulation in the South China Sea Simulated in a Regional Model
Authors: Zhao Xiaolong , Zhou Chun , Xu Xiaobiao , Ye Ruijie , Tian Jiwei , Zhao Wei
Published: April 2019

Abstract. The South China Sea (SCS) is the largest marginal sea in the northwest Pacific Ocean. In this study, deep circulation in the SCS is investigated using results from eddy-resolving, regional simulations using the Hybrid Coordinate Ocean Model (HYCOM) verified by continuous current-meter observations. Analysis of these results provides a detailed spatial structure and temporal variability of the deep circulation in the SCS. The major features of the SCS deep circulation are a basin-scale cyclonic gyre and a concentrated deep western boundary current (DWBC). Transport of the DWBC is ∼ 2 Sv at 16.5° N with a width of ∼53 km. Flowing southwestward, the narrow DWBC becomes weaker with a wider range. The model results reveal the existence of 80- to 120-day oscillation in the deep northeastern circulation and the DWBC, which are also the areas with elevated eddy kinetic energy. This intraseasonal oscillation propagates northwestward with a velocity amplitude of ∼ 1.0 to 1.5 cm s-1. The distribution of mixing parameters in the deep SCS plays a role in both spatial structure and volume transport of the deep circulation. Compared with the northern shelf of the SCS with the Luzon Strait, deep circulation in the SCS is more sensitive to the large vertical mixing parameters of the Zhongsha Island Chain area.
Soil andic properties as powerful factors explaining deep soil organic carbon stocks distribution: the case of a coffee agroforestry plantation on Andosols in Costa Rica
Authors: Chevallier Tiphaine , Fujisaki Kenji , Roupsard Olivier , Guidat Florian , Kinoshita Rintaro , de Melo Viginio Filho Elias , Lehner Peter , Albrecht Alain
Published: April 2019

Abstract. Soil organic carbon (SOC) constitutes the largest terrestrial carbon stock. Both distribution and variation of SOC stocks are needed to constitute reference baseline for studies on temporal SOC change. Specifically, in volcanic areas, the spatial variation of soil andic properties usually explains the spatial variation of topsoil SOC contents, but SOC data for deeper soil layers are needed. We measured the andic properties (e.g. pyrophosphate extractable aluminium and allophane contents) and SOC stocks down to 200-cm depth in a 1 km2 micro-watershed covered by Arabica coffee agroforestry in Costa Rica. We used diffuse reflectance mid-infrared (MIR) spectroscopy to allow a large number of soil analysis. The objectives of our study were (i) to evaluate MIRS as a low-cost and rapid tool to measure andic properties and SOC in Andosols and (ii) to predict the level of SOC stocks down to 200-cm depth.
A long-term dataset of climatic mass balance, snow conditions and runoff in Svalbard (1957–2018)
Authors: van Pelt Ward , Pohjola Veijo , Pettersson Rickard , Marchenko Sergey , Kohler Jack , Luks Bartek , Hagen Jon Ove , Schuler Thomas V. , Dunse Thorben , Noël Brice , Reijmer Carleen
Published: April 2019

Abstract. The climate in Svalbard is undergoing amplified change compared to the global mean. This has major implications for runoff from glaciers and seasonal snow on land. We use a coupled energy balance – subsurface model, forced with downscaled regional climate model fields, and apply it to both glacier-covered and land areas in Svalbard. This generates a long-term (1957–2018) distributed dataset of climatic mass balance (CMB), snow conditions and runoff with a 1x1-km spatial and 3-hourly temporal resolution. Observational data including stake measurements, automatic weather station data and subsurface data across Svalbard are used for model calibration and validation. We find a weakly positive mean CMB (+0.09 m w.e. a−1) over the simulation period, which only fractionally compensates for mass loss through calving. Pronounced warming and a weak precipitation increase lead to a spatial-mean negative CMB trend (−0.06 m w.e. a−1 decade-1), and an increase in the equilibrium line altitude (ELA) by 17 m decade−1, with largest changes in southern and central Svalbard. The retreating ELA in turn causes firn air volume to decrease by 4 % decade−1, which, in combination with winter warming induces a substantial reduction of refreezing in both glacier-covered and land areas (average −4 % decade−1). A combination of increased melt and reduced refreezing cause glacier runoff (average 34.3 Gt a−1) to double over the simulation period, while discharge from land (average 10.6 Gt a−1) remains nearly unchanged. As a result, the relative contribution of land runoff to total runoff drops from 30 to 20 % during 1957–2018. Seasonal snow on land and in glacier ablation zones is found to arrive later in autumn (+1.4 days decade−1), while no significant changes occurred in the date of snow disappearance in spring/summer. Altogether, the output of the simulation provides an extensive dataset that may be of use in a wide range of applications ranging from runoff modelling to ecosystem studies.
Effect of Different Salinity Concentrations on the Chemical analysis and Time Appearance of Feces for Cyprinus Carpio
Authors: Hilali Hasan Ali Al , Al-Khshali Mohammed Shaker
Published: April 2019

The present study was conducted to investigate the effect of high salinity on some stress parameters of common carp (Cyprinus carpio), which gradually exposed to salt concentrations of 5, 10 and 15g/liter, as well as tap water (water without chlorine) (control 0.1g/liter) for 90 days. Eighty fish were randomly distributed on eight glass tanks with 2 replicates, 10 fish / replicate at average weight of 15 ± 3 g, to study the effect of salinity on the time appearance of feces and, the chemical analysis of the body composition .The results showed that the appearance time of feces was decreased with the rise of salt concentrations of common carp. As the passage of food through digestive tract took less time in high salinities. and the appearance of feces was after 4.16 hours of feed intake in a salt concentration of 15 g/liter, whereas it started after 5.22 hours in a saline concentration of 10 g/l and after 6.11 in a salt concentration of 5g/l in comparison with the control treatment (6.17 hours). Regarding the chemical analysis of the body composition, it was found that the moisture dropped with the rise of salinity, as it mounted to 77.09, 74.94 and 73.80% in the salt concentrations 5,10 and 15 g/l respectively, in comparison with the control treatment (78.45%).The percentage of protein decreased to 14.19, 13.89 and 13.74% in the salt concentrations 5, 10 and 15 g/l respectively, in comparison with the control treatment (14.28%).The percentage of fat amounted to 5.71, 5.68, and 5.66% in the salt concentrations 5,10 and 15 g/l respectively, in comparison with the control treatment (5.73%). whereas the percentage of ash was increased to 3.01, 5.40 and 6.80% with the increase in salinity to 5,10 and 15 g/l respectively ,compared with the control treatment (1.80%).
Barriers to Rural Community Participation in Solid Waste Management Programmes at the Asunafo North District in Brong Ahafo Region of Ghana
Authors: Mensah Agnes Tweneboah , Owusu Nicodemus Osei
Published: April 2019

For many years now, solid waste problem has become of the major environmental issue which has confronted various Africa local authorities and Ghana has not been an exception. While various communities have been encouraged to participate in solving the problem, in Ghana, little or no success story about community participation in solid waste management (SWM) programmes can be demonstrated. This study consequently sought to investigate into the barriers to rural community participation in SWM Programmes at the Asunafo North district in Brong Ahafo region of Ghana. Qualitative case-study method was employed with in-depth interviews and focus groups discussions techniques used to ascertain the opinions of the community members and environmental health officials themselves. Data were audio-taped, transcribed and later analysed. The study finding indicated that a number of barriers prevent community members from participating in SWM which include: lack of support, disillusionment, culture and poverty emanating from high cost of living and precarious nature of the communities’ livelihoods. It is therefore recommended that for the communities to be motivated to participate in SWM propgrammes there should be practical supports in all kinds from the various stakeholders such as the municipality, community-based organisations, micro enterprises and local leaders.
Tenais and Zeliska: A South Asian Racial Utopia in the French Revolution
Authors: Smith Blake
Published: April 2019

Postracial utopias in twentieth- and twenty-first-century American culture are marked by paradoxes in which racial categories continue to signify, as many scholars have observed. Extending these approaches to late eighteenth-century France, when utopian thinkers dreamed of abolishing categories of “color” and “blood,” this article focuses on the 1798 play Tenais and Zeliska. A utopian vision of a South Asian kingdom in which phenotype and lineage no longer serve as markers of identity, and in which prejudice has been nearly eliminated, the play is nevertheless marked by ambiguities that have been seen as characteristic of present-day postracial utopias. The figure of the racially mixed subject, in particular, becomes a site of contradiction. Read by others as an embodiment of discrete and shifting physical signs that link her to diverse identities, the character of Zeliska signals the tensions within utopian fantasies of a future without prejudice.
Life as Eutopia: MOVE's Natural Revolution as a Response to America's Dystopian Reality
Authors: Shipley Morgan , Taylor Jack
Published: April 2019

Drawing from a 2015 interview with Ramona Africa, one of only two surviving members of the MOVE Organization following its 1985 bombing by the Philadelphia police department, this article critically explores the spiritual teachings of John Africa, specifically as they relate to black liberation and a back-to-nature religiosity that sought, in the midst of urban chaos, eutopia through a praxis of absolute responsibility. By focusing on the movement and not a single (albeit tragic) event, such an approach situates the significance of a social justice mentality that sought a middle way between the 1960s Black Power movement and hippie counterculture. More than the dystopian critique highlighted in historical literature, MOVE should be seen as a dialectical and spiritual by-product of the violence associated with modern America, the divisiveness of countercultural activism it inspired, and the need for a utopian vision more respective of and more responsive to the earth and each other.
Through Indigenous Lenses: Ecotopia According to Vernacular Music Videos from Benguet, Philippines
Authors: Telles Jason Paolo
Published: April 2019

The indigenous groups in Benguet, Philippines, have begun to produce their own music videos and other media products to express themselves and to correct ill-informed portrayals about them. Through such, they have achieved self-representation by textualizing their cultures and worldviews, including their perspectives on the natural world and its ideal state. Employing a textual analysis that is grounded on the concepts of postcolonial appropriation and Ginsburg et al.'s “screen memories,” this article discusses how two indigenous-produced music videos, which tackle the environment, represent their imaginations of an ecotopia. These, once recognized in environmental discourse, would ideally result in the formulation of more effective, cost-efficient, and socially just environmental plans and practices. As the world clamors for a sustainable and more ideal state of the planet, exploring indigenous perspectives on an ecotopia could be beneficial, as they may provide legitimate, ethical, and context-appropriate alternatives that have been neglected due to “othering.”
“A Useful Delusion”: Valentine Farm and the Flight for Freedom
Authors: Farooq Nihad M.
Published: April 2019

This article traces scenes of pursuit, collaboration, and evasion in Whitehead's 2016 Underground Railroad to show how the novel prioritizes motion to encourage a rethinking of racial utopia. Neither an imposed experiment of white philanthropy nor an Afrofuturist “elsewhere,” Whitehead's vision presents utopia as a condition of necessary and perpetual movement that inspires structural revolution and change. The article uses the novel's example of Valentine Farm, a fictional 1850s black settlement in Indiana where protagonist Cora lands after her rescue from a fugitive slave catcher by Royal, a freeborn black radical and railroad agent. By drawing parallels to historical examples of black settlements during this era, the article highlights the importance of examining racial utopia from the lens of marronage and how the movements of those who live outside the boundaries of statehood are vital to the mutual development of both utopian thought and black radical consciousness.
Elsewhere in Elsewhen—Autofiction as Utopia
Authors: Zeh Miriam
Published: April 2019

In contrast to “autobiography,” which is aligned with authenticity and truthfulness, “autofiction” addresses the fictional aspects of literary self-designs: “Fiction of strictly real events and facts,” that is how Serge Doubrovsky defined the term, which has since been established in the recent debate on autobiography. The conference “Elsewhere in Elsewhen- Autofiction as Utopia,” convened by the WWU Münster, Germany, and the RU Nijmegen, The Netherlands, in March 2018, explored the intersection between utopia as “impulse,” “method” or “consciousness” and autofiction as literary self-designs. This review has been written in German.
De Saneringsclausule
Authors: Ninck Blok D. , van der Wal G.
Published: April 2019

De Saneringsclausule: is een uitzondering op een uitzondering op een fiscaal stelsel algemeen of selectief in de zin van artikel 107 VWEU?

Het op 28 juni 2018 door het Hof van Justitie gewezen arrest in zaak C-203/16 P, Dirk Andres q.q./Commissie is met name interessant vanwege de overwegingen en beslissingen van het Hof van Justitie over de ontvankelijkheid van het door de faillissementscurator ingestelde beroep en over het selectiviteitscriterium voor de toepassing van het verbod op staatssteun. De navolgende bespreking van dit arrest zal met name op deze twee punten ingaan.

HvJ 28 juni 2018, zaak C-203/16 P, Dirk Andres q.q./Europese Commissie, ECLI:EU:C:2018:505.
Burdened Solidarity
Authors: Rajendra Tisha M. ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: April 2019

This paper will compare the presentation of solidarity in mainstream Christian ethics with the practices of solidarity as described in recent novels about immigrant and refugee experiences. The practice of solidarity in diaspora communities illuminates aspects of solidarity that have been hidden in mainstream Christian ethics. 1) Solidarity can be a “burdened virtue” that does not necessarily lead to flourishing. 2) Solidarity is practiced by “narrative selves” that inherit identities, relationships, and obligations.
Philosophy through Computer Science
Authors: Lim Daniel ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: April 2019

In this paper I hope to show that the idea of teaching philosophy through teaching computer science is a project worth pursuing. In the first section I will sketch a variety of ways in which philosophy and computer science might interact. Then I will give a brief rationale for teaching philosophy through teaching computer science. Then I will introduce three philosophical issues (among others) that have pedagogically useful analogues in computer science: (i) external world skepticism, (ii) numerical vs. qualitative identity, and (iii) the existence of God.
Institucionalização do Modelo da Gestão Integrada da Escola na Rede Estadual de Ensino do Rio de Janeiro
Authors: Pereira Lucia Helena Esteves , Mariano Sandra Regina Holanda , Moraes Joysi , Dias Bruno Francisco Batista
Published: April 2019

Este artigo discute, em que medida, as práticas inerentes ao modelo da Gestão Integrada da Escola (GIDE) implementadas nas escolas estaduais do Rio de Janeiro passaram a fazer parte da rotina da organização escolar, ou seja, em que medida foram institucionalizadas ou não. O processo de institucionalização, caracterizado por possuir, pelo menos, três fases, habitualização, objetificação e sedimentação (TOLBERT e ZUCKER, 1999), foi analisado sob a perspectiva dos docentes. Foi realizada uma survey com professores da Rede Estadual de Educação, utilizando o Survey Monkey. O nível de confiança adotado foi de 92% e, tendo como referência o universo em estudo de 54.000 professores, havia a necessidade de alcançar, pelo menos, 156 respondentes. Foram obtidas 189 respostas. Os resultados apontam que a implementação da GIDE organizou e padronizou rotinas administrativas que permitiram a maior organização do sistema educacional do estado. Estas práticas administrativas foram sedimentadas. Entretanto, as práticas pedagógicas dos docentes, em sala de aula, não foram alteradas, ou seja, as mudanças sugeridas pela GIDE não foram extensíveis à sala de aula. Só houve mudança, de fato, nos processos administrativos. Este foi um dos principais achados desta pesquisa: no espaço destinado ao exercício da burocracia profissional não ocorreram mudanças significativas. Uma das principais características deste tipo de estrutura é a autonomia individual que permite grande liberdade de controle do próprio trabalho por parte do profissional, como no caso dos docentes em sala de aula (CLABAUGH e ROZYCKI, 1990; BIDWELL, 2001; MINTZBERG, 2003).
Infância, passagens para um flâneur aprendiz
Authors: Sanches Eduardo Oliveira , Silva Divino José da
Published: April 2019

Este estudo de natureza teórica tem por objetivo analisar as imagens bejaminianas do flâneur e da infância, aproximando-as, para refletir sobre a ideia de um flâneur aprendiz como uma figura que conserva viva em sua percepção do mundo uma sensibilidade que recusa o discurso linear, o que o leva para o caminho indireto na relação com os objetos cognoscíveis. Desses desvios emerge a aura das coisas, da qual pode-se ter a experiência possível com o moderno; a sensibilidade da criança como equivalente à de um flâneur; e uma compreensão sobre a cultura da criança, sendo constituída, em parte, dos restos da história, à margem da cultura adulta, em outra, pelos desvios originado pela ação da criança em seu protagonismo. O protagonismo da criança e o modo desviante como ela se aproxima das coisas do mundo a dotam das mesmas habilidades do flâneur, segundo as possibilidades da criança, os que nos leva a ideia do flâneur aprendiz. Em termos de método, o limiar formado pela aproximação e jogo de imagens entre essas duas figuras têm o potencial de ampliar a compreensão e a importância tanto da imagem do flâneur como da noção de infância na obra de Walter Benjamin.
Árbitros y mediadores en el mundo rural valenciano durante la Baja Edad Media: Els Ports y El Maestrat (s. XIII-XIV) = Arbiters and Mediators in Rural Valencia during the Late Middle Ages: Els Ports and El Maestrat (Thirteenth-Fourteenth Centuries)
Authors: Royo Pérez Vicent
Published: April 2019

Este artículo analiza la identidad de los árbitros que median en los conflictos suscitados en el campo valenciano en la Baja Edad Media. Tras la conquista del siglo XIII, la implantación de la nueva sociedad rural provoca el surgimiento de numerosos conflictos entre los actores sociales presentes en las comarcas de Els Ports y El Maestrat, situadas al norte del reino de Valencia. Muchos de estos litigios se solucionan a través de la institución arbitral, de modo que los mediadores tienen la responsabilidad de gestionar los cambios de la estructura social. En consecuencia, se pretende analizar la identidad de los árbitros y averiguar los criterios que siguen señores, burgueses y campesinos para elegir a los mediadores durante los siglos XIII y XIV, porque estos personajes tienen un papel esencial en la articulación de las relaciones sociales en el mundo rural.AbstractThis article analyses the identity of the arbiters in conflicts that took place in the rural country of the kingdom of Valencia during the late Middle Ages. After the conquest of the thirteenth century, the implementation of a new rural society led to the emergence of numerous conflicts between the social actors present in the regions of Els Ports and El Maestrat, both located in the northern part of the kingdom of Valencia. Many of these conflicts were resolved through arbitration, so the arbiters are responsible for managing any changes in social structure. Consequently, our aim is to analyse the identity of the arbiters and to determine the diverse criteria that lords, bourgeois and peasants followed to choose mediators during the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries, as these individuals played an essential role in the forging of relationships in rural society.
Las relaciones sociales dentro del Cancionero de Juan Alfonso de Baena (siglo XV). Redes y mentalidades
Authors: Díaz Marcilla Francisco José
Published: April 2019

Este trabajo aboga por profundizar en el contenido sociológico, antropológico y cultural del Cancionero de Juan Alfonso de Baena, persiguiéndose tres objetivos:1. El análisis sociológico de las relaciones entre los 51 poetas para identificar a los principales protagonistas, así como las relaciones entre sí y respecto al compilador, a través del lenguaje utilizado.2. El análisis antropológico de la mentalidad que emanan los versos del Cancionero, y que evidencia la existencia de una conciencia colectiva de un grupo social poco estudiado, cuyos miembros, aun no siendo detentores de poder alguno, ostentan una situación privilegiada.3. La profundización en los aspectos más polémicos respecto al Cancionero de Baena, como los conceptos de «poetas cortesanos» o de «nobleza», precisamente como evidencia de la divergencia entre discurso y realidad, así como respecto a algunas conclusiones, hasta ahora mantenidas por la historiografía y que podrían ser matizadas a la luz de este análisis.Abstract This article presents a thorough examination of the sociological, anthropological and cultural content of Juan Alfonso de Baena’s Cancionero with three objectives:1. A sociological analysis of the relationship between the 51 poets in order to identify the main protagonists, as well as the relations between them and the compiler, Baena, through the language . 2. An anthropological analysis of the mentality that emanates from the verses of the  Cancionero and that reveals the collective consciousness of an ill-known social group whose members may not hold power, but have a privileged position.3. An in-depth analysis of the most polemical aspects regarding the Cancionero de Baena, like the use of concepts such as «courtly poets» or «nobility» specifically as evidence of the gap that exists between discourse and reality, along with certain conclusions held by current scholarship which deserve to be to be qualified as a result of this study.
El archivo del monasterio cisterciense de Nuestra Señora de Belmonte (Asturias, España) en vísperas de la Reforma (1560)
Authors: Fernández Ortiz Guillermo
Published: April 2019

Con la llegada de la Edad Moderna, los monasterios cistercienses de la Corona de Castilla fueron sometidos a un proceso de reforma. Uno de los elementos en el que los reformadores fijaron su atención fue el archivo. En Belmonte la imagen que se da de él es la de un fondo desarticulado. En el presente artículo se trata de demostrar cómo esa probable desorganización estaba motivada por acontecimientos recientes y no era consecuencia de un estructural desinterés. De este modo, se lleva a cabo el estudio del archivo del monasterio cisterciense de Belmonte antes de 1560. Se realiza un recorrido por los principales procesos de producción, conservación y refacción documental y se atiende a las prácticas archivísticas desarrolladas por los monjes en la Edad Media y los primeros años de la Edad Moderna.AbstractIn the Early Modern Age, the Cistercian monasteries of the Crown of Castile were obliged to undergo a reformation process. The reformers paid special attention to the archives. The image that prevails for the Belmonte monastery is one of a disorganized archive. This article aims to demonstrate that this purported disorganization was induced by recent events of this period rather than caused by systematic neglect.  We will focus on Belmonte’s archive since its origins in the Middle Ages until 1560. We will examine the main process of production, conservation and diplomatic rewriting, as well as the archival practices applied in Belmonte during the Middle and Early Modern Ages.
Reseña de: Rio, Alice, Legal Practice and the Written World in the Early Middle Ages. Frankish Formulae, c.500-1000
Authors: Bañón Pardo Alejandro
Published: April 2019

Rio, Alice, Legal Practice and the Written World in the Early Middle Ages. Frankish Formulae, c.500-1000. Nueva York. Cambridge University Press, 2009. xii + 299 pp. ISBN-13: 978-0-511-53684-7