bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Copper-azide nanoparticle: a ‘catalyst-cum-reagent’ for the designing of 5-alkynyl 1,4-disubstituted triazoles
Authors: Nandi Debkumar , Perla Venkata K. , Ghosh Sarit K. , Arderne Charmaine , Mallick Kaushik
Published: October 2020

A single pot, wet chemical route has been applied for the synthesis of polymer supported copper azide, CuN3, nanoparticles (CANP). The hybrid system was used as ‘catalyst-cum-reagent’ for the azide-alkyne cyclo-addition reaction to construct triazole molecules using substituted benzyl bromide and terminal alkyne. The electron donating group containing terminal alkyne produced 5-alkynyl 1,4-disubstituded triazole product whereas for alkyne molecule with terminal electron withdrawing group facilitate the formation of 1,4-disubstituted triazole molecule.
Introduction to Redox Polymers: Classification, Characterization Methods and Main Applications
Authors: Casado Nerea , Mecerreyes David
Published: October 2020

In this chapter the field of redox polymers and the main contributions of the following chapters are introduced. First, we present the definitions and classification of redox polymers. The type of redox polymer will depend on the location of the redox center, whether it is located in the polymer backbone or as a pendant group, on the conjugation of the polymer backbone and the chemical nature of the redox center. Next, the main characterization methods used for assessing the properties of redox polymers such as cyclic voltammetry or electrochemical impedance spectroscopy will be discussed. The main applications of redox polymers in energy will be discussed focusing mostly on the use of redox polymers in different battery technologies as well as emerging technologies such as biofuel cells or thermoelectric cells. Finally, the emerging applications of redox polymers in medicine, in new technologies such as tissue engineering, drug delivery, actuators or bioelectronics will be presented.
Synthetic Strategies and Methods for Redox Polymers
Authors: Shi Yanlin , Monteiro Michael J. , Jia Zhongfan
Published: October 2020

Developing appropriate and efficient synthetic strategies and methods for redox polymers is critically important in designing application-driven materials. In this chapter, we present a comprehensive overview of the most studied organic redox-active chemical groups and the synthesis of their corresponding redox polymer materials. The advantages and disadvantages of different synthetic approaches will be presented to provide a useful guide in the preparation of redox polymers for targeted applications.
Phenothiazine-based Redox Polymers for Energy Storage
Authors: Otteny Fabian , Desmaizieres Gauthier , Esser Birgit
Published: October 2020

Organic redox polymers have received increasing attention as battery electrode materials due to their low toxicity and the possibility to produce them from renewable resources or petroleum. Phenothiazine is a redox-active group with highly reversible redox chemistry. Polymers based on phenothiazine have shown impressive performance as battery cathode materials regarding cycling stability and rate performance. In this chapter, the progress in this field is summarized, specific properties of phenothiazine-based polymers as cathode-active materials are highlighted and future challenges identified.
Structural and Biophysical Principles of Degrader Ternary Complexes
Authors: Zollman David , Ciulli Alessio
Published: October 2020

Small-molecule degraders are a revolutionary modality of pharmacological intervention in chemical biology and drug discovery. Instead of inhibiting protein targets, molecules that induce rapid, profound and selective degradation of targeted proteins are being developed as biological tools and investigational therapeutics. Degraders predominantly recruit a target protein to an E3 ubiquitin ligase and so form with them a ternary complex, which triggers target ubiquitination and subsequent proteasomal degradation. The structural, thermodynamic and kinetic features of the ternary complexes underpin degraders’ mode of action and determine the speed, potency, selectivity and durability of their cellular degradation activity. In this chapter, we briefly recount the history of how degrader molecules have come to the fore, with a particular focus on bifunctional degrader molecules, popularly known as proteolysis-targeting chimeras (PROTACs). We illustrate how structural biology and biophysics are rapidly impacting the field and describe the main assays that are being developed and used to study PROTAC ternary complexes. The fundamental understanding that is emerging from these studies is beginning to illuminate important design principles that can now guide the field towards a more rational PROTAC design approach.
Graphene/gold nanoparticle composites for ultrasensitive and versatile biomarker assay using single-particle inductively-coupled plasma/mass spectrometry
Authors: Xing Yuqian , Han Juan , Wu Xu , Pierce David T. , Zhao Julia Xiaojun
Published: October 2020

An ultrasensitive biomarker assay platform established by monitoring the gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) desorbed away from graphene triggered by the target using single-particle inductively-coupled plasma/mass spectrometry (spICP-MS).
Two dimensional electrocatalyst engineering via heteroatom doping for electrocatalytic nitrogen reduction
Authors: Yang Yuanyuan , Wang Ruguang , Yang Liujing , Jiao Yan , Ling Tao
Published: October 2020

Herein, we review the recent research progress of heteroatom-doped 2D materials, including carbon, molybdenum disulfide and metal carbides, for the electrocatalytic N2 reduction reaction.
A carbene stabilized precursor for the spatial atomic layer deposition of copper thin films
Authors: Boysen Nils , Misimi Bujamin , Muriqi Arbresha , Wree Jan-Lucas , Hasselmann Tim , Rogalla Detlef , Haeger Tobias , Theirich Detlef , Nolan Michael , Riedl Thomas , Devi Anjana
Published: October 2020

This is the first report on a plasma enhanced spatial atomic layer deposition (APP-ALD) process at atmospheric pressure to grow conducting metallic Cu thin films from a carbene stabilized precursor.
Sustainable 2,5-furandicarboxylic synthesis by a direct 5-hydroxymethylfurfural fuel cell based on a bifunctional PtNiSx catalyst
Authors: Wang Jialu , Zhang Xian , Wang Guozhong , Zhang Yunxia , Zhang Haimin
Published: October 2020

A new type of direct 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) oxidation fuel cell based on a bifunctional PtNiSx/CB catalyst not only transformed chemical energy into electric energy but also converted HMF into value-added 2,5-furandicarboxylic (FDCA).
Co-immobilization of metal and enzyme into hydrophobic nanopores for highly improved chemoenzymatic asymmetric synthesis
Authors: Gao Liya , Wang Zihan , Liu Yunting , Liu Pengbo , Gao Shiqi , Gao Jing , Jiang Yanjun
Published: October 2020

A facile, general strategy to fabricate metal–enzyme catalysts with hydrophobic microenvironment for highly improved chemoenzymatic asymmetric synthesis.
Supramolecular complex formation of polysulfide polymers and cyclodextrins
Authors: Kobayashi Yuichiro , Harada Akira , Yamaguchi Hiroyasu
Published: October 2020

We report a new methodology to synthesize and stabilize polysulfide polymers via a supramolecular chemistry approach.
Translation-coupled RNA replication and parasitic replicators in membrane-free compartments
Authors: Mizuuchi Ryo , Ichihashi Norikazu
Published: October 2020

Liquid–liquid phase-separated droplets concentrated a genomic RNA and translation proteins to activate and support RNA self-replication by its encoded protein.
Design of iso-material heterostructures of TiO2via seed mediated growth and arrested phase transitions
Authors: De Deb Sankar , Behara Dilip Kumar , Saha Sulay , Kumar Arun , Subramaniam Anandh , Sivakumar Sri , Pala Raj Ganesh S.
Published: October 2020

Stability order of iso-material TiO2 heterostructures: (1) rutile/core-anatase/shell > anatase/core–rutile/shell > Janus configuration and (2) off-centered rutile/core–anatase shell > mid-centered rutile/core-anatase shell.
Differentiation of peptide isomers by excited-state photodissociation and ion–molecule interactions
Authors: Van Orman Brielle L. , Wu Hoi-Ting , Julian Ryan R.
Published: October 2020

Solvatochromic effects reveal isomer identity in the gas phase.
Proton motion inside [(DMF)2H]2[W6Cl14]: structural, Raman and luminescence studies
Authors: Kolesov Boris A. , Chupina Anastasia V. , Berezin Alexey S. , Kompankov Nikolay B. , Abramov Pavel A. , Sokolov Maxim N.
Published: October 2020

Proton coupled [(DMF)2H]+ dimers in the crystal structure of [(DMF)2H]2[W6Cl14] strongly differentiate upon cooling, resulting in different proton motion behavior.
Inter-adsorbate forces and coherent scattering in helium spin-echo experiments
Authors: Ward David J. , Raghavan Arjun , Tamtögl Anton , Jardine Andrew P. , Bahn Emanuel , Ellis John , Miret-Artès Salvador , Allison William
Published: October 2020

Using helium atom scattering to identify adsorbate interactions and separate the effects of long and short range forces.
On the comparison of oxygen and sulfur transfer reactivities in phosphine and phosphorene: the case of R3Sb(X) carriers (X = O or S)
Authors: Ienco Andrea , Peruzzini Maurizio , Manca Gabriele
Published: October 2020

A mediated approach for an efficient metal covalent functionalization of the phosphorene surface is presented through the selective insertion of chalcogen atoms. Electronic and steric requirements have been evaluated in details.
A new heterometallic pivalate {Fe8Cd} complex as an example of unusual “ferric wheel” molecular self-assembly
Authors: Lutsenko Irina A. , Kiskin Mikhail A. , Lysenko Konstantin A. , Zueva Ekaterina M. , Efimov Nikolay N. , Ugolkova Elena A. , Maksimov Yurii V. , Imshennik Vladimir K. , Petrova Maria M. , Sidorov Aleksey A. , Eremenko Igor L.
Published: October 2020

The interaction of the pivalate complexes of iron(iii), [Fe3O(Piv)6(H2O)3]·HPiv, and cadmium(ii), [Cd(Piv)2], in Et2O resulted in one more type of “ferric wheel” family complex, namely [Fe8(Piv)16{Cd(Piv)2}(μ-OH)8]·Et2O (1).
Photoluminescent properties and molecular structures of dinuclear gold(i) complexes with bridged diphosphine ligands: near-unity phosphorescence from 3XMMCT/3MC
Authors: Osawa Masahisa , Soma Sakie , Hoshino Mikio , Tanaka Yuya , Akita Munetaka
Published: October 2020

Dinuclear gold(i) complexes with bridged diphosphine ligands display near-unity phosphorescence in the crystalline state at room-temperature.
Interaction of macrocyclic gadolinium-based MR contrast agents with Type I collagen. Equilibrium and kinetic studies
Authors: Guidolin Nicol , Travagin Fabio , Giovenzana Giovanni B. , Vágner Adrienn , Lotti Sophia , Chianale Federica , Brücher Ernő , Maisano Federico , Kirchin Miles A. , Tedoldi Fabio , Giorgini Alice , Colombo Serra Sonia , Baranyai Zsolt
Published: October 2020

Collagen can form electrostatic interactions and hydrogen-bonds with macrocyclic GdIII-complexes which might explain their differentin vivoretention.
Ni, Co hydroxide triggers electrocatalytic production of high-purity benzoic acid over 400 mA cm−2
Authors: Huang Hongling , Yu Chang , Han Xiaotong , Huang Huawei , Wei Qianbing , Guo Wei , Wang Zhao , Qiu Jieshan
Published: October 2020

Hybrid water electrolysis integrates with conventional crystallization separation to realize electrosynthesis of high-purity benzoic acid over 400 mA cm−2.
Fundamentals and perspectives in developing zinc-ion battery electrolytes: a comprehensive review
Authors: Zhang Tengsheng , Tang Yan , Guo Shan , Cao Xinxin , Pan Anqiang , Fang Guozhao , Zhou Jiang , Liang Shuquan
Published: October 2020

The fundamentals and perspectives in developing zinc-ion electrolyte have been comprehensively revealed, include the basic characteristics, electrolyte/electrode interfaces, practical consideration and future perspectives.
Life cycle assessment of agro-industrial by-product reuse: a comparison between anaerobic digestion and conventional disposal treatments
Authors: Valenti Francesca , Liao Wei , Porto Simona M. C.
Published: October 2020

Different treatments of six selected Mediterranean agro-industrial by-products, were investigated through LCA application with the aim of analysing their environmental sustainability, in terms of “level of greenness”.
Profitable biomethane production from delignified rice straw biomass: the effect of lignin, energy and economic analysis
Authors: Kavitha S. , Yukesh Kannah R. , Kasthuri S. , Gunasekaran M. , Pugazhendi Arulazhagan , Rene Eldon R. , Pant Deepak , Kumar Gopalakrishnan , Rajesh Banu J.
Published: October 2020

A cost and time saving strategy for the recovery of biomethane from rice straw using a novel phase-separated pretreatment.
A point-of-care selenium nanoparticle-based test for the combined detection of anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgM and IgG in human serum and blood
Authors: Wang Zhizeng , Zheng Zhi , Hu Hangzhan , Zhou Qianwen , Liu Wei , Li Xiaoquan , Liu Zhigang , Wang Yaohui , Ma Yuanfang
Published: October 2020

COVID-19 is a widespread and highly contagious disease in the human population.
Magnetic and thermal responses of a nonvolatile shape memory fluid
Authors: Tsuchiya Koji , Hagiwara Yu , Nakagawa Makoto , Endo Hiroshi , Kawai Takeshi
Published: October 2020

Using C18AA with the magnetic Fe3O4 NPs in both oil and an oil/water emulsions enabled us to achieve a functional nonvolatile shape memory fluid.
Binary treatment of PEDOT:PSS films with nitric acid and imidazolium-based ionic liquids to improve the thermoelectric properties
Authors: Yemata Temesgen Atnafu , Zheng Yun , Kyaw Aung Ko Ko , Wang Xizu , Song Jing , Chin Wee Shong , Xu Jianwei
Published: October 2020

Binary post-treatment of thermoelectric PEDOT:PSS films with nitric acid and imidazolium-based ionic liquids significantly improves the electrical conductivity and Seebeck coefficient, leading to a power factor of 152 μW m−1 K−2.
Green synthesis of silver and palladium nanocomposites: a study of catalytic activity towards etherification reaction
Authors: Singh Pritam , Halder Mita , Ray Santanu , Bose Adity , Sen Kamalika
Published: October 2020

This work deals with the synthesis of biomolecule-based monometallic Ag and Pd and bimetallic Ag–Pd nanocomposites and their catalytic activity towards etherification reaction.
Synchronous role of coupled adsorption and photocatalytic oxidation on the hybrid nanomaterials of pectin and nickel ferrite leads to the excellent removal of toxic dye effluents
Authors: Gupta Kanu , Komal  , Nidhi  , Tikoo K. B. , Kumar Vinod , Bansal Sandeep , Kaushik Anupama , Singhal Sonal
Published: October 2020

Ecofriendly and robust hybrid nanomaterials of pectin and nickel ferrite were succesfully employed for the adsorptive degradation of toxic dye molecules in waste water treatment.
Molecular design and experimental study on synergistic catalysts for the synthesis of cyclocarbonate from styrene oxide and CO2
Authors: Zhang Zhiqiang , Xu Haoyang , Guo Dongjie , Chen Junli , Du Junping , Hou Miaomiao , Zhang Yanda , Xu Liancai , Wang Hailong , Wang Guoqing
Published: October 2020

Taking the reaction between styrene oxide and CO2 to yield cyclocarbonate as the target, the activities of synergistic catalysts, which are composed of Br− and alcohol compounds serving as hydrogen bond donors (HBDs), were predicted by DFT calculations and confirmed by subsequent experiments.
Fabrication of various morphological forms of a g-C3N4-supported MoO3 catalyst for the oxidative desulfurization of dibenzothiophene
Authors: Wang Chao , Miao Qiaoyuan , Huang Xiaoqiao , Li Jianxin , Duan Yongsheng , Yan Lijun , Jiang Yan , Lu Shuxiang
Published: October 2020

The tubular structure of g-C3N4 supported-MoO3 catalysts exhibits an excellent desulfurization performance due to full exposure of active sites.
Dansyl-modified carbon dots with dual-emission for pH sensing, Fe3+ ion detection and fluorescent ink
Authors: Tian Hua , Dai Yongcheng , Fu Wenzhe , Liu Haifang , Li Mengting , Lv Meiyuan , Yin Xueqiong
Published: October 2020

This work provided a new strategy for developing a multifunctional fluorescence platform which had potential in the detection of pH and metal ions, as well as showing promising application in the anti-counterfeiting field.
Surface-decorated nanoparticles clicked into nanoparticle clusters for oligonucleotide encapsulation
Authors: Mao Wei , Kim Song Rae , Yoo Hyuk Sang
Published: October 2020

AuNPs with bPEI and azide modification are loaded with CpG and self-assembled to AuNCs by click chemistry using an alkyne-terminated MMP-2 cleavable peptide as a linker. The clusters are dissembled by MMP-2 to release CpG in a stimuli-responsive manner.
Effects of amino acids on conversion of calcium carbonate to hydroxyapatite
Authors: Yanyan Sun , Guangxin Wang , Guoqing Sun , Yaming Wang , Wuhui Li , Osaka Akiyoshi
Published: October 2020

Conversion of calcium carbonate (calcite; CC) to hydroxyapatite (HAp) was examined when the CC particles of sub μm size were soaked at 37 °C for up to 10 d in 0.15 M K2HPO4 (20 ml), whose pH was set to 3–12.
Mechanochemical synthesis of antifungal bis(benzoxaboroles)
Authors: Borys Krzysztof M. , Wieczorek Dorota , Tarkowska Magdalena , Jankowska Agnieszka , Lipok Jacek , Adamczyk-Woźniak Agnieszka
Published: October 2020

Several piperazine bis(benzoxaboroles) have been obtained mechanochemically – two of them have been shown to display high antifungal activity.
Is it time for biocatalysis in fragment-based drug discovery?
Authors: Ramsden Jeremy I. , Cosgrove Sebastian C. , Turner Nicholas J.
Published: October 2020

This perspective discusses how biocatalysis could play an important role in the future fragment-based drug discovery.
Uncovering biosynthetic relationships between antifungal nonadrides and octadrides
Authors: de Mattos-Shipley Kate M. J. , Spencer Catherine E. , Greco Claudio , Heard David M. , O'Flynn Daniel E. , Dao Trong T. , Song Zhongshu , Mulholland Nicholas P. , Vincent Jason L. , Simpson Thomas J. , Cox Russell J. , Bailey Andrew M. , Willis Christine L.
Published: October 2020

Deoxyscytalidin is a common biosynthetic intermediate to the nonadride scytalidin in the fungus Scytalidium album and in Diffractella curvata gives the octadride zopfiellin.
Hyperpositive non-linear effects: enantiodivergence and modelling
Authors: Geiger Yannick , Achard Thierry , Maisse-François Aline , Bellemin-Laponnaz Stéphane
Published: October 2020

An asymmetric reaction consisting of competing monomeric and dimeric catalysts may explain enantiodivergent non-linear effects.
High‐performance and single event double‐upset‐immune latch design
Authors: Zhang Haineng , Liu Zhongyang , Jiang Jianwei , Xiao Jun , Zhang Zhengxuan , Zou Shichang
Published: October 2020

This Letter proposes a single event double‐upset (SEDU)‐fully‐tolerant latch, referred to as FBSET, mainly featuring four interlocked branch circuits implemented by stacking three PMOS and one NMOS transistors or three NMOS and one PMOS transistors to achieve low power dissipation. The latch exhibits up to 84.56% area‐power‐delay product saving compared with recently reported latches. Simulation results validate that the proposed latch is completely immune to SEDU.
Single‐stage PFC bridgeless converter
Authors: Fonseca Z.P. , Nascimento C.B. , Badin A.A.
Published: October 2020

A power factor correction (PFC) charge‐pump (CP) bridgeless converter for LEDs is presented. In the input stage, coupled inductors, together with CP capacitors, are integrated into a half‐bridge inverter, thus characterising the single stage. This topology even being bridgeless due to the positioning of the load operates with a bus voltage below the bending voltage. The CP configuration is used to reduce the LED's current ripple. The prototype achieves an output power of 60 W with high power factor, achieving the efficiency of up to 94%, 127 Vac input, total harmonic distortion of input current, with harmonic magnitudes within the IEC 61000‐3‐2 standard class C the device limits and flicker in conformed with the recommendation of IEEE 1789.
Brain–computer interface‐based single trial P300 detection for home environment application
Authors: Shukla P. , Chaurasiya R. , Verma S.
Published: October 2020

P300 speller‐based brain–computer interface (BCI) is an immediate correspondence between the human brain and computer that depends on the translation of mind reactions produced by the stimulus of a subject utilising the P300 speller. No muscle movements are required for this communication. As a P300 paradigm, a novel 2 × 3 matrix consisting of visual home appliances is proposed, which helps disabled people ease their lives by accessing mobile, light, fan, door, television, electric heater etc. In most of the current P300‐based BCIs, 5–15 trials work better and the low information transfer rate (ITR) is a major issue in its adaptation in real‐time. The objective of this Letter is to improve accuracy as well as an ITR for real‐time home appliance control applications. To address this, the authors proposed a single trial weighted ensemble of compact convolution neural network and obtained an ITR of 46.45 bits per minute and an average target appliance accuracy of 93.22% for the BCI‐based home environment system. The experimental findings confirmed the feasibility of the proposed method and thus can provide guidance for future use of the system for paralysed patients.
Motor imagery BCI classification based on novel two‐dimensional modelling in empirical wavelet transform
Authors: Sadiq Muhammad Tariq , Yu Xiaojun , Yuan Zhaohui , Aziz Muhammad Zulkifal
Published: October 2020

Brain complexity and non‐stationary nature of electroencephalography (EEG) signal make considerable challenges for the accurate identification of different motor‐imagery (MI) tasks in brain–computer interface (BCI). In the proposed Letter, a novel framework is proposed for the automated accurate classification of MI tasks. First, raw EEG signals are denoised with multiscale principal component analysis. Secondly, denoised signals are decomposed by empirical wavelet transform into different modes. Thirdly, the two‐dimensional (2D) modelling of modes is introduced to identify the variations of different signals. Fourthly, a single geometrical feature name as, a summation of distance from each point relative to a coordinate centre is extracted from 2D modelling of modes. Finally, the extracted feature vectors are provided to the feedforward neural network and cascade forward neural networks for classification check. The proposed study achieved 95.3% of total classification accuracy with 100% outcome for subject with very small training samples, which is outperforming existing methods on the same database.
Robust defect detection in 2D images printed on 3D micro‐textured surfaces by multiple paired pixel consistency in orientation codes
Authors: Xiang Sheng , Liang Dong , Kaneko Shun'ichi , Asano Hirokazu
Published: October 2020

Defect detection is now an active research area for production quality assurance. Traditional visual inspection systems are developed by human beings, which is a time‐consuming, labour‐intensive, and highly error‐prone process, and are therefore unreliable. To overcome these problems, the authors proposed a new method for detecting defects when printing on a 3D micro‐textured surface. They utilise an orientation code as the basis to resist the fluctuations in illumination. Based on the consistency of the pixel pairs, they developed a model called multiple paired pixel consistency to represent the statistical relationship between each pixel pair in defect‐free images. Finally, based on this model, they designed a defect detection method. Even with different defect sizes, illumination conditions, noise intensities, and other characteristics, the performance of the proposed algorithm is extremely stable and highly accurate, and the recall, precision, and F‐measure in most of the results can reach 0.85,0.93, and 0.9, respectively. In addition, the defect detection rate can reach almost 100%. This demonstrates that the authors' approach can achieve state‐of‐the‐art accuracy in real industrial applications.
Structural optimisation based on a snake‐like wave energy convertor with magnetoelectric transducer
Authors: Zhang Yuxiang , Chen Renwen , Liu Chuan , Wang Liping , Qin Jinchang
Published: October 2020

Snake‐like wave energy conversion (WEC) is a new type of WEC that combines raft WEC and magnetoelectric transducer. This type of WEC uses the magnetoelectric transducer, which is designed based on the permanent magnet linear generator and Halbach permanent magnet array, as its power take‐off unit. The purpose of this study is to design a matching magnetoelectric transducer for WEC in common wave conditions and test its performance. The hydrodynamic model of the snake‐like WEC is established to study the motion of WEC in regular waves. The equivalent magnetic circuit model of the magnetoelectric transducer is set up to optimise its ability to harvest wave energy in the ocean. Taking the maximum damping coefficient (cm ·max) as the optimisation goal of the magnetoelectric transducer, the induced voltage and output power of the magnetoelectric transducer in relatively uniform and sinusoidal motion can be calculated by simulation software. Finally, a prototype of the magnetoelectric transducer was made and its performance was tested. The experiment shows that the magnetoelectric transducer has a good ability to harvest wave energy, and snake‐like WEC has wide applicability.
Simulation of air‐to‐ground ranging mode of airborne monopulse radar over complex terrain
Authors: Rim Jae‐Won , Koh Il‐Suek , Song Jong‐Hwa
Published: October 2020

Air‐to‐ground ranging (AGR) is one of the important operation modes of an airborne monopulse radar system. Here, an approach for the detailed modelling and simulation of the AGR performance of such a radar system over complex terrain is proposed. Time‐domain monopulse signals reflected by the terrain's surface were modelled using the dynamics of the airborne platform, clutter properties, and RF specifications of the radar, which included the operating frequency, antenna beam patterns, and pulse repetition time. The AGR performance was then numerically analysed by employing the modelled monopulse return signals and a digital elevation model of the terrain's surface. Several crucial factors affecting the accuracy of line‐of‐sight estimation, including shadowing effects and roll stabilisation, were addressed using numerical simulations of various scenarios.
Multi‐objective long‐term reconfiguration of autonomous microgrids through controlled mutation differential evolution algorithm
Authors: Gholami Khalil , Jazebi Saeed
Published: October 2020

This study provides a solution for the feeder reconfiguration of autonomous microgrids (MGs). The objective is to minimise power loss, switching costs, and enhance voltage stability index, considering time‐variations of loads. The daily load profiles for different seasons (spring, summer, fall, and winter) of different customers (i.e. residential, industrial, and commercial) are considered. In order to reduce the dimensions of the optimisation problem, k‐means algorithm is implemented that clusters seasonal/yearly load profile into a few groups. The daily load profile is obtained based on the average of the group which has maximum members. This ensures the selection of a subset of load profiles that effectively represent the entire year's profile to reduce the complexity and execution time of the model. Subsequently, a new method is developed to break the daily load profile into intervals that guarantee less switching frequency for dynamic network reconfiguration. A controlled mutation differential evolution algorithm (CMDEA) compatible with long‐term reconfiguration problem is developed with superior performance compared to conventional DEA and invasive weed optimisation algorithm. The CMDEA is employed to solve the reconfiguration problem on 33‐bus and 69‐bus autonomous MGs. Simulation results validate the effectiveness of the proposed method to reduce operational costs and computational burden in a smart grid environment.
Preparation of nanocellulose and graphene oxide composite aqueous solution via co‐hydrolysis
Authors: Li Xiaobao , Pan Nan , Wang Eryu , Xia Liang , Yu Hang , Bao Ningzhong
Published: October 2020

Using co‐hydrolysis of graphite oxide and cellulose in sulphate solution, nanocellulose (NC)/graphene oxide (GO) nanocomposite aqueous solution was prepared. The results of product size distribution showed that NC was well combined with GO in the NC/GO composite and better than the sample prepared by blending NC and GO solutions. The results from infrared spectroscopy and Raman spectroscopy showed that intense hydrogen bonds between NC and GO presented in NC/GO composite, while none were found in the mixture solution. The zeta potential results showed that the sample of NC/GO composite solution possessed higher stability than the sample prepared by the mixing method. The aqueous solution containing nanocomposite can be used to prepare NC/GO composites with high dispersibility.
Jiamusi pulsar observations
Authors: Wang P. F. , Han J. L. , Han L. , Cai B. Y. , Wang C. , Wang T. , Chen X. , Zhou D. J. , Yu Y. Z. , Han J. , Xu J. , Gao X. Y. , Hong T. , Hou L. G. , Dong B.
Published: October 2020

Aims. Most pulsar nulling observations have been conducted at frequencies lower than 1400 MHz. We aim to understand the nulling behaviors of pulsars at relatively high frequencies, and to decipher whether or not nulling is caused by a global change in the pulsar magnetosphere.

Methods. We used the Jiamusi 66 m telescope to observe 20 bright pulsars at 2250 MHz with unprecedented lengths of time. We estimated the nulling fractions of these pulsars, and identified the null and emission states of the pulses. We also calculated the nulling degrees and scales of the emission-null pairs to describe the distributions of emission and null lengths.

Results. Three pulsars, PSRs J0248+6021, J0543+2329, and J1844+00, are found to null for the first time. The details of null-to-emission and emission-to-null transitions within the pulse window are observed for the first time for PSR J1509+5531, which is a low-probability event. A complete cycle of long nulls with timescales of hours is observed for PSR J1709−1640. For most of these pulsars, the K-S tests of nulling degrees and nulling scales reject the hypothesis that null and emission are caused by random processes at high significance levels. Emission-null sequences of some pulsars exhibit quasi-periodic, low-frequency or featureless modulations, which might be related to different origins. During transitions between emission and null states, pulse intensities have diverse tendencies for variation. Significant correlations are found between respectively nulling fraction, nulling cadence, and nulling scale and the energy loss rate of the pulsars. Combined with the nulling fractions reported in the literature for 146 nulling pulsars, we find that statistically large nulling fractions are more tightly related to pulsar period than to characteristic age or energy-loss rate.
AGN-driven outflows and the AGN feedback efficiency in young radio galaxies
Authors: Santoro F. , Tadhunter C. , Baron D. , Morganti R. , Holt J.
Published: October 2020

Active galactic nuclei (AGN) feedback operated by the expansion of radio jets can play a crucial role in driving gaseous outflows on galaxy scales. Galaxies hosting young radio AGN, whose jets are in the first phases of expansion through the surrounding interstellar medium (ISM), are the ideal targets to probe the energetic significance of this mechanism. In this paper, we characterise the warm ionised gas outflows in a sample of nine young radio sources from the 2 Jy sample, combining X-shooter spectroscopy and Hubble Space Telescope imaging data. We find that the warm outflows have similar radial extents (∼0.06−2 kpc) as radio sources, consistent with the idea that “jet mode” AGN feedback is the dominant driver of the outflows detected in young radio galaxies. Exploiting the broad spectral coverage of the X-shooter data, we used the ratios of trans-auroral emission lines of [S II] and [O II] to estimate the electron densities, finding that most of the outflows have gas densities (log(ne cm−3) ∼ 3 − 4.8), which we speculate could be the result of compression by jet-induced shocks. Combining our estimates of the emission-line luminosities, radii, and densities, we find that the kinetic powers of the warm outflows are a relatively small fraction of the energies available from the accretion of material onto the central supermassive black hole, reflecting AGN feedback efficiencies below 1% in most cases. Overall, the warm outflows detected in our sample are strikingly similar to those found in nearby ultraluminous infrared galaxies, but more energetic and with higher feedback efficiencies on average than the general population of nearby AGN of similar bolometric luminosity; this is likely to reflect a high degree of coupling between the jets and the near-nuclear ISM in the early stages of radio source evolution.
Parcourir l’histoire de l’intelligence artificielle, pour mieux la définir et la comprendre
Authors: Haiech Jacques
Published: October 2020

L’intelligence artificielle est une expression fourre-tout, qui suscite autant d’espoirs que de craintes. Cette locution a envahi les médias, les conférences, les conversations, mais aussi les appels à projets des institutions de recherche et de diverses associations. On ne peut quasiment plus élaborer de projet de recherche sans mentionner une interface avec l’intelligence artificielle. Dans cet article, après la présentation d’une brève vision historique, nous proposerons une définition de l’intelligence artificielle et un paysage des possibles offerts par celle-ci.
Les anti-TNF-α pour le traitement des uvéites non infectieuses
Authors: Hoogewoud Florence , Kowalczuk Laura , Bousquet Elodie , Brézin Antoine , Touchard Elodie , Buggage Ronald , Bordet Thierry , Behar-Cohen Francine
Published: October 2020

Les molécules anti-TNF-α administrés par voie générale ont été approuvés récemment pour le traitement des uvéites non inflammatoires, élargissant l’arsenal thérapeutique dans le traitement de ces pathologies responsables de cécité évitable si l’inflammation est contrôlée. Quand seul l’œil est atteint, des stratégies d’administration locale permettraient d’optimiser les effets intraoculaires des molécules anti-TNF-α et d’en réduire les effets indésirables. Une nouvelle méthode de thérapie génique non virale, actuellement en développement, pourrait élargir les indications des molécules anti-TNF-α oculaires, non seulement pour les uvéites, mais également pour d’autres maladies dans lesquelles une neuro-inflammation impliquant le TNF-α a été démontrée.
Medical Heritage Library
Authors: Boudon-Millot Véronique , Vincent Jean-François
Published: October 2020

À l’heure où l’accès libre et gratuit aux ressources numériques est devenu un enjeu majeur, le but de cette présentation est d’introduire le lecteur à la visite de deux outils informatiques incontournables : la bibliothèque numérique Medica fondée en France dès 2000 et la Medical Heritage Library, premier consortium nord-américain mondial regroupant l’essentiel des ressources en histoire de la médecine tombées dans le domaine public.
Analysis and classification of companies on tehran stock exchange with incomplete information
Authors: Birjandi Alireza Komeili , Dehmolaee Sanaz , Sheikh Reza , Sana Shib Sankar
Published: October 2020

Due to uncertainty and large number of companies in financial market, it has become difficult to choose the right stock to investments. Identifying and classifying stocks using fundamental criteria help investors to better understand the risks involved in selecting companies and better manage their own capital, thereby rapidly and accurately choose their preferred stock and make more secure profit. The main concern that capital market investors are facing difficulty to choosing the right stock despite the uncertainties in the market. Uncertainties in the market that lead to incomplete information are presented in this article to complete the reciprocal preference relation method. The purpose of this paper is to present a method for completing information to reduce the uncertainties in the market and finally classify companies in each industry based on fundamental criteria. The classification method used is acceptability/reject ability which is based on distance fuzzy analysis yields more accurate results. Finally, a case study on one of the most critical industries in Tehran Stock Exchange is presented to show the effectiveness of the proposed approach.
Interdisziplinäre Empfehlungen zur Behandlung des fortgeschrittenen Nierenzellkarzinoms
Authors: Miller Kurt , Bergmann Lothar , Doehn Christian , Grünwald Viktor , Gschwend Jürgen E. , Ivanyi Philipp , Keilholz Ulrich , Kuczyk Markus A.
Published: October 2020

Die Prognose von Patienten mit metastasiertem Nierenzellkarzinom (mRCC) hat sich dank neuer Therapien deutlich verbessert. Überlebenszeiten von mehr als zweieinhalb Jahren sind realistisch. Immuntherapiekombinationen mit Checkpoint-Inhibitoren (CPI) oder dem Tyrosinkinaseinhibitor Axitinib sind neue Standards in der Erstlinientherapie und haben die Monotherapie mit Tyrosinkinase-Inhibitoren weitgehend verdrängt.

Für die Erstlinientherapie des mRCC sind Ipilimumab + Nivolumab (intermediäres und hoges Risiko) und Pembrolizumab + Axitinib sowie Avelumab + Axitinib für alle Risikogruppen zugelassen. Darüber hinaus stehen Sunitinib, Pazopanib, Tivozanib, Cabozantinib (intermediäres und hohes Risiko), die Kombination Bevacizumab + Interferon-alpha sowie Temsirolimus (hohes Risiko) zur Verfügung.

Sunitinib und Pazopanib haben eine Zulassung auch für die Zweitlinientherapie – bei Pazopanib gilt diese für den Einsatz nach Zytokinen. Für Nivolumab und Cabozantinib wurde in der Zweitlinientherapie ein signifikanter Überlebensvorteil gegenüber Everolimus gezeigt. Die Kombination Lenvatinib + Everolimus sowie Axitinib sind weitere für die Zweitlinie zugelassene Substanzen. Everolimus als Monotherapie ist durch die neuen Optionen in der Zweitlinie abgelöst worden.

Die Frage nach der optimalen Sequenztherapie muss aufgrund des Einzugs von CPI in die Erstlinie neu diskutiert werden, da die meisten Optionen nach Versagen einer VEGF-gerichteten TKI-Therapie geprüft wurden. Solange hierzu keine validen Studien oder Biomarker vorliegen, müssen andere Kriterien für die Therapieentscheidung herangezogen werden.

Ziel eines interdisziplinären RCC-Expertengesprächs war es, gemeinsame Therapieempfehlungen auf Basis der aktuell publizierten Daten und der eigenen klinischen Erfahrung für den Praxisalltag abzuleiten. Die Ergebnisse werden in dieser Publikation vorgestellt.
Football – Novel Approaches to Tackle Diabetes
Authors: Müssig Karsten , Adamek Henning E.
Published: October 2020

Balanced diet and regular physical activity are of key importance to the prevention of the development and progression of non-communicable diseases. In 2050, 50% of the European population is expected to be obese. Cardiovascular diseases, diabetes mellitus, cancer, as well as joint impairments, will further increase. Therefore, programmes are critical to the improvement of the population’s health status in the long run. New ways have to be found that allow addressing more people than with the current approaches. Football has a great potential to attract people at risk for or with already existing non-communicable diseases, such as type 2 diabetes, to participate in health-promoting programmes. The novel football version, walking football was developed for elderly players, aiming at avoiding injuries and physical overload. The present article gives a brief overview on the metabolic effects of recreational football, particularly walking football, as well as health-promoting programmes offered by professional football clubs in humans at risk for or with already existing non-communicable diseases.
Practical Transition-Metal-Free Protodeboronation of Arylboronic Acids in Aqueous Sodium Hypochlorite
Authors: Li Minxin , Tang Yanling , Mao Zewei , Gao Jinchun , Rao Gaoxiong
Published: October 2020

A concise and practical method was developed for the protodeboronation of arylboronic acids under mild conditions in aqueous NaClO at 100 °C. The strategy is low-cost, transition-metal-free, and base-free.
Synthesis and Crystal Structures of 4,5-Dihydroimidazo[1,5-b]pyrazol-6-ones
Authors: Guirado Antonio , Vera María , Martiz Bruno , Ródenas Francisco , Sandoval José A. , Alarcón Enrique , Bautista Delia
Published: October 2020

The synthesis of previously unattainable 2,5-disubstituted 4,5-dihydroimidazo[1,5-b]pyrazol-6-ones has been developed. Electrochemical reductions of readily available 2,2,2-trichloroethylideneacetophenones were followed by reaction with hydrazine, leading to 3-aryl-5-dichloromethyl-2-pyrazolines. These were treated with isocyanates to obtain the corresponding aminocarbonyl derivatives, which were found to be able to form an otherwise almost inaccessible imidazo[1,5-b]pyrazole ring system via a one-step reaction involving internal condensation followed by hydrogen chloride elimination and aromatization. The molecular­ structures of 2-(4-methylphenyl)-5-tosyl-4,5-dihydro­imidazo[1,5-b]pyrazol-6-one, 5-dichloromethyl-N-(4-chlorophenyl)-4,5-dihydro-3-p-tolylpyrazole-1-carboxamide, and 5-(4-bromophenyl)-2-p-tolyl-4,5-dihydroimidazo[1,5-b]pyrazol-6-one were determined by X-ray crystallographic analysis.
Whose morality? Which rationality? Challenging artificial intelligence as a remedy for the lack of moral enhancement
Authors: Serafimova Silviya
Published: October 2020

Moral implications of the decision-making process based on algorithms require special attention within the field of machine ethics. Specifically, research focuses on clarifying why even if one assumes the existence of well-working ethical intelligent agents in epistemic terms, it does not necessarily mean that they meet the requirements of autonomous moral agents, such as human beings. For the purposes of exemplifying some of the difficulties in arguing for implicit and explicit ethical agents in Moor’s sense, three first-order normative theories in the field of machine ethics are put to test. Those are Powers’ prospect for a Kantian machine, Anderson and Anderson’s reinterpretation of act utilitarianism and Howard and Muntean’s prospect for a moral machine based on a virtue ethical approach. By comparing and contrasting the three first-order normative theories, and by clarifying the gist of the differences between the processes of calculation and moral estimation, the possibility for building what—one might call strong “moral” AI scenarios—is questioned. The possibility of weak “moral” AI scenarios is likewise discussed critically.
Study on the time-varying temperature field of small radius curved concrete box girder bridges
Authors: Sheng Xingwang , Yang Ying , Zheng Weiqi , Zhou Biao , Li Shuai , Huang Linchong
Published: October 2020

Bridges might have time-varying sunlit–shaded areas due to the rotation and revolution of Earth. This work aims at studying the effects of time-varying sunlit–shaded areas on the temperature field of small radius curved concrete box girder bridges. Based on the law of Earth’s rotation and revolution, the solar position is first obtained by considering the relative position between the Sun and the location of the bridge site on Earth. Then, the sunlit–shaded areas of small radius curved concrete bridges are determined using the ray tracing algorithm. With the consideration of various environmental conditions, including the time-varying solar radiation and wind speed, the three-dimensional finite element model of a small radius curved concrete bridge is created in ANSYS and the temperature field of the bridge could be solved. With a 30 m long curved concrete bridge taken as an example, the temperature distribution profiles of the bridge are investigated. The results and analysis provide a good reference for the thermal analysis and design of small radius curved concrete bridges.
On the ultrametricity property in random field Ising models
Authors: Roldan J. , Vila R.
Published: October 2020

In this paper, we show that the ultrametricity property remains valid in random field Ising models with independent disorder whenever the field strength is a small perturbation.
Detached helium plasma simulation by a one-dimensional fluid code with detailed collisional-radiative model
Authors: Tanaka H. , Saeki I. , Ohno N. , Kajita S. , Ido T. , Natsume H. , Hatayama A. , Hoshino K. , Sawada K. , Goto M.
Published: October 2020

To increase the accuracy of a particle, momentum, and energy source terms in the detached helium plasma simulation, rate coefficients with the collisional-radiative model were introduced into the fluid code LINear Divertor Analysis (LINDA). Obtained effective rate coefficients and related source terms were compared with those from the conventional empirical databases. It is shown that a high-density condition in future fusion devices causes larger deviation between the effective and the empirical source terms. One-dimensional detached plasma simulation indicated that the peak amplitude of the plasma density during the rollover is sensitive to the source term difference related to the recombination. This study additionally revealed that the heating effect in the three-body recombination process strongly affects the detached plasma formation and downstream plasma parameters.
Design and fabrication of highly selective and permeable polymer membranes
Authors: Zhao Shuang , Zhang Gehui , Shen Wenhao , Wang Xue , Liu Feng
Published: October 2020

Selective polymer membranes are one of the most promising materials to achieve large-scale and energy-efficient mass separation and energy conversion. However, their performance is subject to the selectivity–permeability trade-off. To overcome this trade-off and achieve high-performance ion separation, it is essential to fabricate thin membranes with a high density of uniformly sized nanopores with the pore size at around 1 nm. However, it has been challenging to precisely control the pore size at about 1 nm. In this Tutorial, we outline the underlying mechanism for selective ion transport through nanopores, especially the emerging mechanism as the nanopore size is tuned around 1 nm. Then, we review the recent development of the main fabrication methods of selective polymer membranes from either the top–down approach or the bottom–up approach, especially the novel techniques generating uniformly sized nanopores with nanometric or even subnanometric size. Finally, we discuss the future development of the design and fabrication of the selective polymer membranes to fulfill their potential in real applications.
Effect of ferroelectric domain walls on the dielectric properties of PbZrO3 thin films
Authors: Coulibaly Mamadou D. , Borderon Caroline , Renoud Raphaël , Gundel Hartmut W.
Published: October 2020

In antiferroelectric PbZrO3 thin films, a weak residual ferroelectric phase is often observed on the double hysteresis loop and it is important to know its impact on the dielectric properties. To study this residual phase, a low and homogeneous electric field can be used because antiferroelectric domain walls are not sensitive to homogeneous fields; thus, contributions of ferroelectric domain wall motions to permittivity and dielectric losses can be isolated. In this paper, the hyperbolic law characterization is used on lead zirconate thin films, which present a residual ferroelectric phase. The study shows that domain wall contributions of the ferroelectric phase are small (less than 2% of the total permittivity), but their impacts are very important in the overall dielectric losses (≈26%). These losses are, however, lower than those obtained in pure ferroelectric materials due to a residual state composed of well distributed ferroelectric clusters of small size with no interactions between domain walls.