bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Racial Disproportionalities in Discipline
Authors: Curran F. Chris
Published: February 2016

Student safety represents an important goal for schools; however, policies designed to facilitate school safety may have unintended negative consequences. Zero tolerance policies, those that mandate severe punitive measures, have been widely implemented by school leaders over the last several decades; however, recent research suggests that such policies may contribute to racial disparities in the use of discipline. This chapter reviews the history of zero tolerance policies in schools and, through descriptive analysis of data from the Civil Rights Data Collection of 2011-2012, documents racial disparities in the use of expulsions. Findings suggest that while zero tolerance policies may contribute to such disparities, the racial disparities are more pronounced for non-zero tolerance expulsions. Implications for policy and practice are discussed.
A Second Chance
Authors: Barrow Christine S.
Published: February 2016

A qualitative analysis of special education youth who attended school at a recreation center in Brooklyn NY helps provide an understanding of the relationship between alternative high school education and offending. According to Wang and Fredericks (2014), interventions that aim to improve school engagement may promote positive youth development, including reducing involvement in problem behaviors. This study focuses on youth who were at risk for offending due to poor academic performance and previous delinquent involvement. Prior to attending school at this facility, the individuals were previously exposed to an environment that put them at risk for delinquency. This investigation provides support for preventative measures to youth conflict and delinquency by placing them in an environment that promotes pro-social behavior.
Forensic Psychological Perspectives on Youth Gang Involvement in Juvenile Fire Setting and Bomb Making Weapons Cases
Authors: Johnson Ronn
Published: February 2016

The purpose of this chapter is to explore issues related to gang-affiliated youth's use of JFSB behavior as a weapon. Too often, the critical analysis of JFSB is circumscribed to the act with little or no consideration of a clinical forensic weapons use motivation. In this case, successful efforts to identify and isolate the origins of such events are more contingent upon a deeper understanding of the subtle processes that explain this particular kind of weapons use by juvenile gang members.
Sticks and Stones
Authors: Valeri Robin Maria , Borgeson Kevin
Published: February 2016

The present chapter takes a social psychological approach to understanding hate groups and how hate groups use hate as a promotional tool and as an implement of aggression. As a promotional tool, hate groups use hate to attract new members to their organizations and to promote their beliefs to the mainstream public. Hate also serves as an incendiary, to fuel the emotions of their members, to incite them into action, and to wield against their targets. In this chapter we will attempt to explain why people hate and how they justify their hatred and resulting actions through a number of social psychological theories including realistic group conflict (Bonacich, 1972; Sherif et al., 1961/1988) relative deprivation (Catalono et al., 1993; Hepworth & West, 1988; Hovland & Sears, 1940), social identity theory (Abrams & Hogg, 1990; Festinger, 1954; Tajfel & Turner, 1986; Thoits & Virshup, 1997) and terror management (Pyszczynski, Solomon, & Greenberg, 1997; 2005; Solomon, Greenberg, & Pyszczynski, 1991; 2004).
Cape Town Gangs
Authors: Pinnock Don
Published: February 2016

Almost all gang studies throughout the 20th century and most in the 21st locate the reasons for both gang membership and a tendency to violence in the environments within which young people are raised: family, neighbourhood, school, poverty, access to drugs and general deprivation. In Cape Town all these were present under apartheid and still persist 20 years after the country became a democracy. The reasons for this persistence have to do with global and local economics, skills shortages, corruption, political mismanagement and neglect of certain neighbourhoods and are beyond the scope of this chapter. Rather, acknowledging these influences, this study looks at how gangs are defined and examines them from a more finely grained perspective.
Youth Gangs and Youth Violence in Australia
Authors: White Rob
Published: February 2016

This chapter provides an introduction and overview of issues pertaining to youth gangs and youth violence in Australia. The first part features the voices of young people from around Australia describing their experiences of youth gang violence. The second part provides a broad overview of biological, psychological and social factors that together shape the propensities for young people, and young men in particular, to join gangs and to engage in youth violence. The final part of the chapter provides more detailed exposition of two gang members, 'Mohammad' and 'Tan', and the everyday complexities of their lives. The chapter concludes by noting that the gang does not have to be seen as an overwhelming influence in the lives of young people, and that their activities and behaviours are more diverse, and include positive elements, than generally given credit in mainstream youth gangs research and analysis.
Dectin-1 Controls TLR9 Trafficking to Phagosomes Containing β-1,3 Glucan
Authors: Khan Nida S. , Kasperkovitz Pia V. , Timmons Allison K. , Mansour Michael K. , Tam Jenny M. , Seward Michael W. , Reedy Jennifer L. , Puranam Sravanthi , Feliu Marianela , Vyas Jatin M.
Published: February 2016

Dectin-1 and TLR9 play distinct roles in the recognition and induction of innate immune responses to Aspergillus fumigatus and Candida albicans. Dectin-1 is a receptor for the major fungal cell wall carbohydrate β-1,3 glucan that induces inflammatory cytokines and controls phagosomal maturation through spleen tyrosine kinase activation. TLR9 is an endosomal TLR that also modulates the inflammatory cytokine response to fungal pathogens. In this study, we demonstrate that β-1,3 glucan beads are sufficient to induce dynamic redistribution and accumulation of cleaved TLR9 to phagosomes. Trafficking of TLR9 to A. fumigatus and C. albicans phagosomes requires Dectin-1 recognition. Inhibition of phagosomal acidification blocks TLR9 accumulation on phagosomes containing β-1,3 glucan beads. Dectin-1–mediated spleen tyrosine kinase activation is required for TLR9 trafficking to β-1,3 glucan–, A. fumigatus–, and C. albicans–containing phagosomes. In addition, Dectin-1 regulates TLR9-dependent gene expression. Collectively, our study demonstrates that recognition of β-1,3 glucan by Dectin-1 triggers TLR9 trafficking to β-1,3 glucan–containing phagosomes, which may be critical in coordinating innate antifungal defense.
Anti-C1q Autoantibodies from Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Patients Induce a Proinflammatory Phenotype in Macrophages
Authors: Thanei Sophia , Trendelenburg Marten
Published: February 2016

Anti-C1q autoantibodies (anti-C1q) are frequently found in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and correlate with the occurrence of proliferative lupus nephritis. A previous study of anti-C1q in experimental lupus nephritis demonstrated an important role for FcγRs in the pathogenesis of lupus nephritis, suggesting a direct effect on phagocytes. Therefore, we developed an in vitro model to study the effect of SLE patient–derived anti-C1q bound to immobilized C1q (imC1q) on human monocyte-derived macrophages (HMDMs) obtained from healthy donors and SLE patients. HMDMs were investigated by analyzing the cell morphology, LPS-induced cytokine profile, surface marker expression, and phagocytosis rate of apoptotic Jurkat cells. Morphologically, bound anti-C1q induced cell aggregations of HMDMs compared with imC1q or IgG alone. In addition, anti-C1q reversed the effect of imC1q alone, shifting the LPS-induced cytokine release toward a proinflammatory response. FcγR-blocking experiments revealed that the secretion of proinflammatory cytokines was mediated via FcγRII. The anti-C1q–induced inflammatory cytokine profile was accompanied by a downregulation of CD163 and an upregulation of LPS-induced CD80, CD274, and MHC class II. Finally, HMDMs primed on bound anti-C1q versus imC1q alone displayed a significantly lower phagocytosis rate of early and late apoptotic cells accompanied by a reduced Mer tyrosine kinase expression. Interestingly, anti-C1q–dependent secretion of proinflammatory cytokines was similar in SLE patient–derived cells, with the exception that IL-10 was slightly increased. In conclusion, anti-C1q induced a proinflammatory phenotype in HMDMs reversing the effects of imC1q alone. This effect might exacerbate underlying pathogenic mechanisms in lupus nephritis.
LLT1 and CD161 Expression in Human Germinal Centers Promotes B Cell Activation and CXCR4 Downregulation
Authors: Llibre Alba , López-Macías Constantino , Marafioti Teresa , Mehta Hema , Partridge Amy , Kanzig Carina , Rivellese Felice , Galson Jacob D. , Walker Lucy J. , Milne Paul , Phillips Rodney E. , Kelly Dominic F. , Freeman Gordon J. , El Shikh Mohey Eldin , Klenerman Paul , Willberg Christian B.
Published: February 2016

Germinal centers (GCs) are microanatomical structures critical for the development of high-affinity Abs and B cell memory. They are organized into two zones, light and dark, with coordinated roles, controlled by local signaling. The innate lectin-like transcript 1 (LLT1) is known to be expressed on B cells, but its functional role in the GC reaction has not been explored. In this study, we report high expression of LLT1 on GC-associated B cells, early plasmablasts, and GC-derived lymphomas. LLT1 expression was readily induced via BCR, CD40, and CpG stimulation on B cells. Unexpectedly, we found high expression of the LLT1 ligand, CD161, on follicular dendritic cells. Triggering of LLT1 supported B cell activation, CD83 upregulation, and CXCR4 downregulation. Overall, these data suggest that LLT1–CD161 interactions play a novel and important role in B cell maturation within the GC in humans.
Histochemistry in biology and medicine: a message from the citing journals
Authors: Pellicciari Carlo
Published: February 2016

Especially in recent years, biomedical research has taken advantage of the progress in several disciplines, among which microscopy and histochemistry. To assess the influence of histochemistry in the biomedical field, the articles published during the period 2011-2015 have been selected from different databases and grouped by subject categories: as expected, biological and biomedical studies where histochemistry has been used as a major experimental approach include a wide of basic and applied researches on both humans and other animal or plant organisms. To better understand the impact of histochemical publications onto the different biological and medical disciplines, it was useful to look at the journals where the articles published in a multidisciplinary journal of histochemistry have been cited: it was observed that, in the five-years period considered, 20% only of the citations were in histochemical periodicals, the remaining ones being in journals of Cell & Tissue biology, Â general and experimental Medicine, Oncology, Biochemistry & Molecular biology, Neurobiology, Anatomy & Morphology, Pharmacology & Toxicology, Reproductive biology, Veterinary sciences, Physiology, Endocrinology, Tissue engineering & Biomaterials, Â as well as in multidisciplinary journals.It is easy to foresee that also in the future the histochemical journals will be an attended forum for basic and applied scientists in the biomedical field. It will be crucial that these journals be open to an audience as varied as possible, publishing articles on the application of refined techniques to very different experimental models: this will stimulate non-histochemist scientists to approach histochemistry whose application horizon could expand to novel and possibly exclusive subjects.
In situ histochemical localisation of alkaloids and acetogenins in the endosperm and embryonic axis of Annona macroprophyllata Donn. Sm. seeds during germination
Authors: Brechú-Franco A.E. , Laguna-Hernández G. , De la Cruz-Chacón I. , González-Esquinca A.R.
Published: February 2016

Currently, the Annonaceae family is characterised by the production of acetogenins (ACGs), and also by the biosynthesis of alkaloids, primarily benzylisoquinolines derived from tyrosine. The objective of this study was to confirm the presence of alkaloids and acetogenins in the idioblasts of the endosperm and the embryonic axis of A. macroprophyllata seeds in germination. The Dragendorff, Dittmar, Ellram, and Lugol reagents were used to test for alkaloids, and Kedde's reagent was used to determine the presence of acetogenins in fresh sections of the endosperm and embryonic axis of seeds after twelve days of germination. A positive reaction was observed for all the reagents, and the presence of alkaloids and acetogenins was confirmed in the idioblasts of the endosperm and those involved in the differentiation of the embryonic axis of the developing seedling. We concluded that the idioblasts store both metabolites, acetogenins and alkaloids. Beginning at differentiation, the idioblasts of the embryonic axis simultaneously biosynthesise acetogenins and alkaloids that are characteristic of the species during the development of the seedling. The method used here can be applied to histochemically confirm the presence of acetogenins and alkaloids in tissues and structures of the plant in different stages of its life cycle.
Decreased expression of Met during differentiation in rat lung
Authors: Kato T. , Oka K. , Nakamura T. , Ito A.
Published: February 2016

Organ-specific stem cells play key roles in maintaining the epithelial cell layers of lung. Bronchioalveolar stem cells (BASCs) are distal lung epithelial stem cells of adult mice. Alveolar type 2 (AT2) cells have important functions and serve as progenitor cells of alveolar type 1 (AT1) cells to repair the epithelium when they are injured. Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) elicits mitogenic, morphogenic, and anti-apoptotic effects on lung epithelial cells through tyrosine phosphorylation of Met receptor, and thus is recognized as a pulmotrophic factor. To understand which cells HGF targets in lung, we identified the cells expressing Met by immunofluorescence assay. Met was strongly expressed in BASCs, which expressed an AT2 cell marker, pro-SP-C, and a club cell marker, CCSP. In alveoli, we found higher expression of Met in primary AT2 than in AT1 cells, which was confirmed using primary AT2 cells. We further examined the mitogenic activity of HGF in AT2-cell-derived alveolar-like cysts (ALCs) in 3D culture. Multicellular ALCs expressed Met, and HGF enhanced the ALC production. Taking these findings together, BASCs could also be an important target for HGF, and HGF-Met signaling could function more potent on cells that have greater multipotency in adult lung.
Vendom Fiord Formation-a new red-bed unit of probable early middle Devonian, Eifelian, Age, Ellesmere Island, Arctic Canada
Authors: Kerr J W
Published: February 2016

The Vendom Fiord Formation (new name) is a elastic red-bed unit of probable early Middle Devonian (Eifelian) age that occurs in the eastern side of the Franklinian miogeosyncline and on the adjacent Central Stable Region of Ellesmere Island. It is a post-tectonic
formation of southeasterly derivation, that resulted from a widespread emergence near the Lower -Middle Devonian boundary. The emergence involved a westward shift of the flexure bordering the geosyncline, and a mild relative positive movement of the Bache Peninsula arch.
Stratigraphy of Banff Formation and Lower Rundle Group, Mississippian, southwestern Alberta
Authors: Macqueen R W , Bamber E W
Published: February 2016

In southwestern Alberta, two distinct, correlative rocks sequences are developed in the lower and middle parts of the Mississippian succession. These sequences constitute an eastern facies, which includes the Banff, Pekisko, Shunda, and Turner Valley Formations;
and a western facies, which includes the Banff and Livingstone Formations. In the western facies, the Banff-Livingstone contact does not appear to change in age between Mount Rundle, to the north, and the Mount Head map-area, to the south. Evidence from lithologic and faunal observations, spatial
relationships, and environmental considerations demonstrates that the Pekisko, Shunda, and Turner Valley Formations of the eastern facies pass laterally into the Livingstone Formation of the western facies. No evidence has been found for correlation of the Shunda Formation with the upper member of
the type Banff Formation.
Toarcian and Bajocian Rocks and guide ammonites from southwestern British Columbia
Authors: Frebold H , Tipper H W , Coates J A
Published: February 2016

Toar cian and Bajocian guide ammonites, most of which are not p r eviously known in southwestern British Columbia are described in relation to the strati g raphy of the beds conce rned in Manning Park, Taseko Lakes and Nechako Rive r
areas.
Ordovician stratigraphic section at daly river, Northeast Ellesmere Island, District of Franklin
Authors: Norford B S
Published: February 2016

A stratigraphic section is described from northeast Ellesmere Island through rocks equivalent to part of the Cornwallis Formation and possibly also part of the Eleanor River Formation, both of Cornwallis Island. The section is incomplete but very well exposed.
Two rock units can be distinguished but are not named. The lower unit contains sedimentary structures indicative of deposition in shallow water. Three faunal assemblages are present. All three are of Caradoc age, the lowest is also dated as probably Wilderness, the second as probably Wilderness to
Maysville, and the third as probably Eden or Maysville.
Further considerations on certain statistical methods in Palaeomagnetism
Authors: Larochelle A
Published: February 2016

An expression is derived for the analogue of the Laplace-Gauss or normal distribution in palaeomagnetism. For unit vector populations characterized by precision indexes greater than about 15, this distribution turns out to be identical to that previously
postulated by Fisher (1953). An application of Pearson 's x2· test is described as a means of verifying whether a sampled population conforms to the proposed distribution. A simple example is used to illustrate that three equations previously suggested by Watson and Irving (1957) for the
analysis of palaeomagnetic data are incompatible with the proposed distribution and it is suggested that the design of a palaeomagnetic sampling scheme on the basis of those equations may not be universally acceptable.
Some Silurian stromatoporoids from northwestern Baffin Island, District of Franklin
Authors: Petryk A A
Published: February 2016

Two separate and distinct stromatoporoid faunas occur in the carbonate facies of the Baillarge and Cape Crauford Formations, which comprise the Brodeur Group (late Middle Ordovician to Niagaran). The faunas indicate a Lower to Middle Silurian (Upper Llandovery to
Wenlock) age.
Illustrations of Canadian Fossils, Carboniferous and permian spores of Canada
Authors: Barss M S
Published: February 2016

This report illustrate s assemblages of miospores from Yukon Territory, Northwest Territories, and the Maritime Provinces of Canada. Thirteen assemblages from Carboniferous and Permian rocks are shown on 38 plates with 918 photomicrographs. Each plate is
accompanied by provisional taxonomic identifications and brief statement of stratigraphic prove-nance of the fossils. Most of the fossils have not been previously figured.
A re-examination of certain statistical methods in palaeomagnetism
Authors: Larochelle A
Published: February 2016

The particularities of statistical methods in the field of Palaeomagnetism are discussed. A novel approach is used to derive expressions giving estimates of the angular variance and of the angular standard deviation of a population on the basis of a sample of
size N drawn randomly from the population. Tests of significance based on these definitions are described. These tests turn out to be identical to those previously described by Watson for the particular case where the vectors have a fisherian distribution. A numerical example is worked out to
illustrate the application of the tests.
Geochemistry of Pb Zn Cu As Sb Mo Sn W Ag Ni Co Cr Ba and Mn in Waters and stream sediments of Bathurst-jacquet River District, New Brunswick
Authors: Boyle R W , Tupper W M , Lynch J J , Friedrich G , Ziauddin M , Shafiqullah M , Carter M , Bygrave K
Published: February 2016

The western part of the Bathurst-Jacquet River district, in which the geochemical survey described in this report was carried out, is underlain by folded and faulted Ordovician, Silurian, and Devonian sediments and volcanics and four granitic bodies. The eastern
part is underlain by flat-lying to gently-dipping Pennsylvanian sandstones and shale s. The principal deposits in the district are massive, vein, and disseminated deposits containing essentially iron, zinc, lead, and copper sulphides. Molybdenite occurrences are associated with some of the granitic
bodies. The heavy metal content (mainly zinc) of stream and spring waters and the cold-extractable heavy metal content of stream and spring sediments have been determined throughout the district. Most of the known sulphide bodies are indicated by higher than normal amounts of heavy metals in the
water and stream sediments of nearby streams. Numerous streams with above normal contents of heavy metals in both the water and stream sediments merit further investigation. The stream and spring sediments in all stream systems of the district have been analyzed for total Pb, Zn, Cu, As, Sb, Mo, Sn,
W, Ag, Ni, Co, Cr, Ba, and Mn, and the dispersion of these elements has been discussed. The background for each element varies across the district and depends essentially on the underlying bedrock. Local variations in background are evident and appear to depend on the type of bedrock, proximity to
deposits or sparsely mineralized rocks, or to concentrations of strongly adsorbing gels, particularly those of hydrated manganese dioxide and ferric hydroxide. Most of the known sulphide deposits in the district are marked by higher than normal amounts of Pb, Zn, Cu, As, Sb, and Ag in the sediments
of the neighbouring streams. The granitic rocks and their metamorphic aureoles give rise to higher than normal amounts of molybdenum (and tungsten in some areas) in the stream sediments draining areas underlain by and adjacent to them. In certain streams, the nickel and chromium content of the
stream sediments reflects the presence of a serpentinized peridotite body. Numerous anomalies in all metals occur throughout the district. These merit further investigation. Stream sediments enriched in manganese are often likewise enriched in all of the elements determined in the survey. This
results from the strong adsorptive capacity of manganese hydroxide for most metals. Due attention must be taken of this feature when assessing the significance of anomalies in all metals.
Sediments of Exeter Bay, Baffin Island, district of Franklin
Authors: Kranck K
Published: February 2016

This report presents the results of the first marine geological work to be carried out along the eastern coast of Baffin Island. Samples were collected from an area extending from about 2 miles offshore to a few miles beyond the Continental Shelf. More than 100
bottom samples were collected using a sample pattern with an average distance between stations of one mile. One of the marked features of sediment distribution in the area is the widespread deposit of coarse gravel present on both the Continental Shelf and slope. Rock types present include those of
both local and foreign derivation. The study indicates that in the development of the sedimentary characteristics of the area current transportation is the most active process in inshore regions whereas ice rafting predominates on the offshore shelf and slope.
Contwoyto Lake map - area, District of Mackenzie
Authors: Tremblay L P
Published: February 2016

Contwoyto Lake map-area is underlain almost entirely by metamorphosed sedimentary rocks. In the northeast quarter these are black to grey argillite, slates, and siltstone of the Yellowknife Group type and include a few narrow beds and lenses of
garnet-cummingtonite-quartzsulphide gneiss. These are the top unit of the stratigraphic succession. This unit grades to the south and west with increasing metamorphism into nodular (cordierite mainly} schists, some augen gneiss, and biotite - andalusite schists. The nodular schists are underlain by
a fine-grained granular, well layered, quartz-feldspar-biotite gneiss, which, with facies changes and higher metamorphism, is probably represented in the southwest corner by a layered mixture of anthophyllite-garnet-cordierite gneiss and granitoid gneiss. In the southeast corner related rocks are
carbonate -bearing and were probably calcareous. The lowest stratigraphic unit covers the southwest quarter of the map-area and is a fine -grained granular quartz-feldspar gneiss, low in biotite, which grades locally into red granite. A white, extensively pegmatitic granite locally carrying black
tourmaline covers a large area in the northwest quarter of the map-area. It is surrounded by a narrow aureole of nodular schists, and encloses many remnants of these schists. Northwesterly to, rarely, easterly trending gabbro dykes cut all other rocks . Gold has been reported from many showings, the
Canadian Nickel prospect on Contwoyto Lake being the most important to date. Gold is found in the garnet-cummingtonite-quartz-sulphide gneiss, closely associated with pyrite or pyrrhotite and arsenopyrite.
Contwoyto Lake area, North Half, District of Mackenzie
Authors: Tremblay L P
Published: February 2016

The area south and west of Contwoyto Lake is underlain by Yellowknife-type sediments, their metamorphic equivalents, and granite. Unconformably overlying all these rocks are 2, 250 feet of Goulburn Group strata. These cover all the area north and northwest of
Contwoyto Lake. A large transgressive gabbro sill was mapped at different levels in the Goulburn Group . Several late gabbro dykes cut all the above rocks in a northwesterly d irec tion. The Goulburn Group was subdivided into four formations : the Western River Formation, the Burnside River
Formation, the Peacock Hills Formation and the Kuuvik Formation. The Western River Formation. about l, 35 0 feet thick, is composed mainly of argillites and quartzites . The Burnside River Formation is almost enti rely pink quartzites and is about 600 feet thick. The Peacock Hills Formation is made
up of argillites with some pink quartzi te and is less than 160 feet thick. The Kuuvik Formation comprises carbonate rocks more than 140 feet thick . Gold has been reported from the garnet-amphibole-sulphides - quartz beds and lenses in Yellowknife -type sediments . The Canadian Nickel Co. showing
is found near the southern boundary of the map - area.
Geophysical reconnaissance of Hudson Bay Part I Sea-magnetometer Survey Part Ii Subbottom Depth Recorder Survey
Authors: Hood P J
Published: February 2016

A total of 6, 500 nautical miles of sea-magnetometer data was obtained during the 1961 cruise of the M.V. Theta in Hudson Bay. The resultant total intensity values are presented in the form of profiles with the r egional gradient removed but uncorrected for
diurnal variation. A quantitative interpretation of the magnetic profiles shows that, in general, the depths to basement are least around the margins of the Bay, with the greatest calculated depths in excess of 10, OOO feet occurring in the area to the northeast of Churchill. The depth determination
values also reveal that an asymmetrical trough-like basement feature occurs in the area between Southampton, Nottingham, Mansel, Coats, and Digges Islands. Ten continuous subbottom depth recorder profiles were also obtained in Hudson Bay covering some 225 nautical miles. Three of the profiles were
in the Belcher Islands area and indicate that a minor anticline occurs along the central part of the southern end of Omarolluk Sound with tightly folded synclines on either side. Two profiles were in the central part of Hudson Bay , but the quality of the records was marred by the fact that they
were obtained in heavy seas and only a few faint indications of subbottom reflections were obtained. The rest of the profiles were located immediately north of Churchill and indicate that gently north-dipping Palaeozoic sediments occur in that locality.
Illustrations of Canadian fossils Silurian faunas of Ontario
Authors: Bolton T E
Published: February 2016

This report is one of several in the Paper series of the Geological Survey of Canada under the general heading of 'Illustrations of Canadian Fossils'. The plates give illustrations of the most common and diagnostic fossils, grouped under three main regions:
Southwestern Ontario, Lake Timiskaming, and Hudson Bay-James Bay Lowlands. Each region has a brief statement of stratigraphy and selected bibliography but the main part of the faunal documentation is provided by the legends for the plates.
Kognak River, West Half, District of Keewatin
Authors: Eade K E
Published: February 2016

ABSTRACT Andesite is the principal volcanic rock and only minor amounts of other types are present. The oldest sedimentary rocks, greywacke, subgreywacke, phyllite or argillite, and minor tuffs, are prominent in the southern half of the area. Lenses of
iron-formation are ·scattered throughout the thick elastic sequence. Schists, gneisses and foliated granite derived from both the old elastic rocks and the volcanic rocks, occur in a large prominent anticline in the northern part of the area. The Hurwitz Group is subdivided into five units. The
basal orthoquartzite of this group is prominent but generally thinner than in the area to the east. Isolated occurrences of quartzite, dolomite, argillite or phyllite compose a sedimentary group different from and probably older than the Hurwitz Group. The oldest intrusive rocks, granite to
granodiorite, cut the oldest volcanic and elastic rocks but are pre-Hurwitz Group in age. A number of small plutons of variable composition including granite, granodiorite, monzonite, quartz diorite and syenodiorite, also cut the oldest rocks. The Hurwitz Group is intruded by gabbro sills and in one
locality shows contact metamorphism due to a late granite-granodiorite pluton. Basic dykes are of at least two ages, early meta-gabbro or amphibolite trending east to northeast and late northwest-trending gabbro or diabase, the youngest rocks in the map-area. Folds trending northwest are prominent
in the Hurwitz Group but there are also northeast-trending folds. Folds trending north to northeast in the schists and gneisses may reflect still older deformation. Faults, both normal and reverse, are common especially in areas underlain by the Hurwitz Group.
Geological reconnaissance of the Precambrian of northwestern Baffin Island, Northwest Territories
Authors: Blackadar R G
Published: February 2016

In northwestern Baffin Island gneissic and granitic rocks of the Churchill Province are overlain by a thick succession of unfossiliferous sedimentary and volcanic rocks. Two groups, the Eqalulik and Uluksan, have been recognized. Near Fury and Hecla Strait the
thickness of the former exceeds 16,500 feet whereas further north it is only 5,000 feet. The Uluksan Group outcrops only in the northern part of the map-area and is 23, OOO feet thick. Both groups are intruded by gabbro dykes and sills dated as lowermost Upper Proterozoic. A sulphide deposit near
Arctic Bay has been drilled by Texas Gulf Sulphur Company but no plans have been made public for further development.
Basal Mississippian volcanic rocks in Cape Breton Island, Nova Scotia
Authors: Kelley D G , Mackasey W O
Published: February 2016

A sequence of volcanic and sedimentary rocks in western Cape Breton Island conformably underlies rocks mapped as Mississippian Horton Group. The volcanic rocks occur in a continuous belt for over 17 miles and intermittently throughout the length of the Island.
The volcanic and sedimentary unit is designated the Fisset Brook Formation and included with the Horton Group. The rocks included in the Fissett Brook Formation were previously assigned ages that range from Precambrian to Devonian. They are now known from spores to be Early Mississippian with a
slight possibility they are Late Devonian .
Groundwater resources of Winnipeg area, Manitoba
Authors: Charron J E
Published: February 2016

A groundwater study of the Winnipeg area was carried on during the summer of 1962. The area, covering some l, 080 square miles in the Red River Basin, contains two groundwater basins. The geochemistry of 37 groundwater analyses has established the groundwater
movement within these basins. The general direction of flow of the largest basin is westward while it is southward in the other. In general, the static groundwater level of the area is lowering each year and the salt-water, fresh-water boundary is receding eastward and northward. Hundreds of small
ridges that occur as swells in the lacustrine plain are probably ice-crack features.
Fort Nelson, British Columbia, 94j
Authors: Taylor G C , Stott D F
Published: February 2016

Sedimentary rocks ranging in age from Late Devonian to Late Cretaceous are described from outcrops within the Fort Nelson map-area (94J). The stratigraphic succession has a maximum thickness of 10, 800 feet. Approximately 3, 400 feet of Paleozoic strata have been
subdivided into four formations which are, in ascending order, the Besa River, Prophet, Kindle, and Fantasque Formations. These units are overlain by about 2, 100 feet of Triassic strata comprising the Grayling, Toad, and Liard Formations. The Lower Cretaceous Gething Formation and the Fort St. John
Group, 800 feet thick and 4, 500 feet thick, respectively, overlie the Triassic rocks. The stratigraphic succession is capped by the Late Cretaceous Dunvegan Formation, about 500 feet thick, and, locally, by the younger Kotaneelee Formation. The Fort Nelson map-area lies partly within the Interior
Plains and partly within the Rocky Mountain Foothills structural provinces. Folds are the dominant structures of the Foothills.
Rubidium-Strontium isochron age studies, report 1
Authors: Wanless R K , Loveridge W D
Published: February 2016

Rb-Sr isochron age determinations are reported for suites of rocks from ten Canadian localities. The experimental d e tails and interpretative comments are presented for each isochron age study. Isotopic results obtained for a number of standard samples are
presented.
Geology of Mount Stewart-souris map-area, Prince Edward Island
Authors: Crowl G H
Published: February 2016

The Mount Stewart - Souris area comprises the northern half of Prince Edward Island east of Charlottetown. Permian bedrock forms a homoclinc clipping uniformly northeast. The cuestiform topography is partly masked by Wisconsin deposits. Thin sand-till covers the
upland. Anastomosing glaciofluvial deposits occupy the valleys and connect with one another through cols in the divides. The till was deposited over most of eastern Prince Edward Island by an ice advance from New Brunswick. This ice-sheet stagnated and down-melted in place; a later ice advance from
the Cobequid Mountains of Nova Scotia covered a narrow strip along the south shore of the island.
Age determinations and geological studies K-Ar isotopic ages, report 11
Authors: Wanless R K , Stevens R D , Lachance G R , Delabio R N
Published: February 2016

One hundred and sixty-three new potassium-argon age determinations carried out on Canadian rocks and minerals are reported . Each age d e t er mination is accompanied by a description of the rock and mineral concentrate used; brief interpretive comments regarding
the geological significance of each age are also provided . The experimental procedures employed are described in brief outline and the constants used in the calculation of ages are listed. Two geological time - scales are reproduced in tabular form for ready reference and an index of all published
GSC K-Ar age determinations by primary NTS quadrangle has been prepared.
The carey foster in Situ Susceptibility Meter
Authors: Hood P J , Sangster D F
Published: February 2016

Anomalies on aeromagnetic maps indicate vaxying intensity of magnetization of underlying rocks. TI1e effective magnetization of a formation is the vector sum of two components, namely the induced and the remanent magnetization. Induced magnetization requires an
ambient magnetic field, remanent magnetization does not. In weak fields, such as the earth's, intensity of induced magnetization is directly proportional to the applied field, and the constant of proportionality is called the susceptibility. In ground magnetic investigations it may be necessary to
determine the susceptibility of a given formation. Most previous susceptibility meters were designed to measure the susceptibility of a hand specimen of the rock. However, magnetic susceptibility is a variable parameter and small samples may not be representative. A meter designed for use on the
outcrop overcomes this difficulty and permits direct measurement at many locations. The paper describes the in situ susceptibility meter (Model SM-4) built by Sharpe Instruments Limited for the Geological Survey of Canada using the Carey Foster bridge. Some field results from a geophysical study of
the Briarcliffe Lake magnetite deposit in the Kapiho Iron Range, northern Ontario are presented, together with the results of calibration of the instrument using mixtures of sand and magnetite. The study shows that the in situ susceptibility meter is a much more reliable instrument for delineation
of the highest tenor zones of magnetite iron-formation than the magnetometer because of the presence of remanent magnetism.
Hammer seismic survey, Moncton map-area, New Brunswick [21i/2]
Authors: Hobson G D , Carr P A
Published: February 2016

The bedrock topography in the Moncton,New Brunswick area has been compiled from seismic investigations, outcrop elevations, and borehole data. The seismic data were obtained by using a model MD-1 hammer refraction seismograph as an adjunct to geological and
hydrogeological studies in the area. In general, the present day drainage system is controlled by the ancestral drainage system developed on the bedrock. Neither bedrock lithology nor bedding can be differentiated on a basis of distinct and diagnostic seismic velocities. The sharp bend in the
Petitcodiac River at Moncton existed in the ancestral drainage system. Bedrock geology and bedrock topography are presented in separate figures.
A simple method for converting measured x-ray intensities into mass compositions
Authors: Lachance G R
Published: February 2016

In a binary system where the mass absorption coefficients vary U1 to U2, if the change is interpreted as being related to U2-U1/U1 rather than (U2/U1) simple correction method can be used to convert measured intensities into mass concentrations . The method has
been applied to intensity measurements from both x-ray fluorescence and electron micro analyzer data with equally good results. Using this concept and applying the method to micro analyzer data obtained on a series of binary systems (considered to present a significant test of the range of
applicability for correction formulas) gave results that were most gratifying. The author concludes that the problem of converting intensity measurements to mass concentration in micro probe analyzers is essentially one of absorption, and proposes a simple method for dealing with this problem. He
also concludes that there is some evidence that the absorption of x-radiation is not logarithmic.
Atomic energy developments and future uranium requirements as envisaged at the third international united nations conference on the peaceful uses of atomic energy, geneva, September 1964
Authors: Roscoe S M
Published: February 2016

Expansion of demand for uranium to fuel new thermal power plants is expected not only to restore a rapid rate of extraction of Canada's large known uranium ore reserves within ten years but to present opportunities to exploit deposits as yet not discovered or
deposits considered below ore grade at current uranium price levels.
Field and laboratory methods used by the Geological Survey of Canada in Geochemical Surveys, no 9 tin in soils and stream sediments
Authors: Smith A Y
Published: February 2016

A test for tin suitable for soil and stream geochemical prospecting is described. The method is based on the reaction of tin with gallein after volatilization of the tin as stannic iodide.
Field and Laboratory Methods Used By the Geological Survey of Canada in Geochemical Surveys, No 7 : a Field Method For Determining Uranium in Natural Waters
Authors: Chamberlain J A
Published: February 2016

The following procedure has been used by the Geological Survey of Canada for field determinations of the amount of uranium in solution in natural water. A cold water sample is filtered, acidified and placed in a separatory funnel. Sodium chloride is added to
lower the solubility of carbon tetrachloride in the aqueous phase; EDTA solution is added to complex interfering metals; diphenyl propanedione solution is added to complex the uranium; and pyridine and carbon tetrachloride are added to dissolve this complex. The carbon tetrachloride solution forms a
separate phase and its colour is compared with standards to determine the amount of uranium present.
Machine methods as aids in the preparation of Geophysical Maps
Authors: Bhattacharyya B K , Clay D N
Published: February 2016

This paper describes two methods that would aid a map compiler in finishing a map based on the computer-processed results of geophysical data. One method that uses the printer is suitable for the preparation of a map for small rectangular areas. The other method,
using an x - y plotter, is suitable for large areas in which the convergence of longitude lines and the curvature of latitude lines cannot be ignored. This latter method uses Lambert Conformal Conic Projection for the preparation of maps. These methods considerably shorten the time required in
representing processed values in the form of maps.
Postglacial Basin sedimentation on Labrador Shelf
Authors: Vilks G
Published: February 2016

The postglacial marine environment of the Labrador Shelf is influenced by a southeasterly flow of Arctic water via the Labrador Current, by winter sea ice, and by the frequent presence of icebergs. The Arctic Neogloboquadrina pachyderma is the only planktonic
foraminifer present in the Labrador Current. The assemblage of the major benthonic foraminifera in the basins is very similar to the Hudson Bay faunas, suggesting a strong influence of Hudson Bay waters in the Marginal Channel of the Labrador Shelf. A series of piston cores collected in the basin of
Cartwright Saddle contain well-preserved sedimentary and faunal sequences. The lateral coherence of these features indicates a low-energy depositional environment within the basin and a minimal postdepositional downslope movement of sediment. 14C dates of organic carbon between the ages of 3000 and
21 OOO years B!P. correlate well with depth in sediment cores. A series of piston cores in the basin of Hawke Saddle indicate a different sedimentary environment. Sedimentary and f aunal features do not correlate between the cores and 14 C dates do not show a persistent increase in age of deposition
in subsurface sediments. Here the sedimentation is dominated by episodes of slumping and nondeposition. The well-preserved faunal and sedimentary sequences of the Cartwright Saddle cores indicate that prior to 15 OOO years B.P. and in sediments as old as 22 OOO years B.P. the benthic environment in
the basins was marginal marine with salinities between 20-25 %a. and temperatures close to freezing. The extent of summer ice was similar to modern times, implying that off Hamilton Inlet the Laurentide ice sheet did not extend beyond the Marginal Channel during the Late
Wisconsinan.
A Pleistocene Diatom Assemblage From Ellesmere Island Northwest Territories
Authors: Lichti-Federovich S ,   Geological Survey of Canada
Published: February 2016

Diatom analysis of a Pleistocene sediment sample from Cape Storm, Ellesmere Island, dated at 35 000 to 43 000 radiocarbon years, resulted in the identification and ecological characterization of 136 taxa. The diatom thanatocoenosis represents a littoral
constituent marked by the preponderance of benthic and epontic species and a neritic component manifested by meroplanktonic forms with cryophilic diatoms and stenothermal taxa. Floristic analysis indicates that deposition occurred in a shallow coastal marine environment having lowered salinities and
cold water conditions influenced by ice.
The coastal morphology and sedimentology of eastern Lancaster sound and northeast Baffin Island: a study of shoreline sensitivity to a potential oil spill
Authors: McLaren P ,   Geological Survey of Canada, Barrie W B
Published: February 2016

The coasts of eastern Lancaster Sound and northeast Baffin Island may be vulnerable to the effects of an oil spill should offshore drilling take place. Effective protection and cleanup strategies must follow pre-established priorities. To provide the physical
environmental information necessary for future contingency planning, the coast was mapped with respect to (i) slope, (ii) glacier, rock or unconsolidated coast, (iii) type and sedimentology of the beach and (iv) nature of the intertidal zone. Each of these geomorphic/ sedimentologic criteria
provides an indication of the coastal "physical sensitivity''. This term is a relative measure of the seriousness of oil pollution in a particular environment with respect to probable dispersal of oil , residence time and cleanup difficulties. Physical sensitivity increases when (i) slope decreases,
(ii) the coast is unconsolidated, (iii) a beach is present, (iv) the beach material is coarse rather than fine, (v) intertidal flats are present, and (vi) the width of the intertidal flat increases. Empirical values allotted to each of the descriptive elements of the map legend enable each coastal
map unit to be placed in an appropriate physical sensitivity category (PSC) from O to 10. In general, as the PSC increases, the fallowing also increase: (i) the persistence time of hydrocarbons in the environment and hence the need for cleanup, (ii) cleanup difficulties and (iii) the potential
damage to the environment by cleanup operations. The physical sensitivity maps will enable rapid determination of the environments that warrant protection whereas, if oil does pollute the coast, the descriptive maps will provide the basis for cleanup procedures. In general, the amount of shoreline
in high physical sensitivity categories (8 to 10) is small, constituting only 6 per cent of the total coast. Furthermore, the ubiquitous effects of ice in all coastal environments may significantly decrease residence time of oil through mechanical abrasion and sediment removal. Because of the small
population and the difficulties of operating effective countermeasures in an ice environment, protection and cleanup will be unrealistic for anything more than small local priorities.