bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Investigation of Quinolone Residues and Total Aerobic Mesophilic Bacteria in Some Poultry Meat and Chicken Eggs
Authors: TEK Zeliha Sevde , DEMİRHAN Burak , ER DEMİRHAN Buket
Published: October 2024

The presence of quinolones in poultry meat and eggs and the determination of the total aerobic mesophilic bacteria (TAMB) are essential regarding food safety and public health. In this study, quinolone residues and TAMB counts of chicken meat, turkey meat, and chicken eggs sold in supermarkets in Ankara, Turkey were investigated. For this purpose, a total of 84 food samples (40 chicken meats, 14 turkey meats, and 30 chicken eggs) were obtained from different markets in Ankara, and the quinolone residues in the samples were analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) technique. The TAMB counts in the samples were investigated with classical culture methods. As a result, the mean level (±S.E) of positive quinolone residue was found to be 56.69±12.41 µg/kg in turkey meat samples. The presence of quinolone was not found in chicken meat samples. The mean levels of TAMB counts of the chicken and turkey meat samples were found 4.87±0.07 and 4.44±0.09 log CFU/g, respectively. Quinolone residues were not detected in chicken egg samples, and TAMB count was also below the detection limit (<102 CFU/g) in the contents of chicken egg samples. Monitoring quinolone residues in poultry meat is important in terms of public health and product quality.
Compositional Characterization and Bioactive Potential of Two Bee Formulas with the Addition of Natural Oils
Authors: TAMAS-KRUMPE Octavia Maria , MĂRGĂOAN Rodica , CORNEA-CIPCIGAN Mihaiela , BOBIŞ Otilia , BONTA Victorița , MOISE Adela , PINTEA Adela , DOŞTEŢAN Cornelia , VLASE Laurian , OGNEAN Laurenţ
Published: October 2024

Bee products and natural oils are appreciated due to their beneficial effects on health, which are strongly related to several pharmacological and biological activities. The present study aimed to assess the bioactive potential of two bee products with the addition of natural oils, the first product consisting of honeydew honey, soft propolis extract and Thymus sp. (thyme) essential oil, whereas the second product comprises honeydew honey and Hippophae rhamnoides L. (sea buckthorn) oil. In order to reach the proposed goal, the following analyses were carried out: determination of the physico-chemical parameters of the honeydew honey sample, used as a common basis for the two products; compositional analysis of sea buckthorn oil (total carotenoids, fatty acids, tocopherols, sterols) and thyme essential oil (organic compounds); evaluation of the total polyphenols and flavones/flavonols content; evaluation of the antioxidant capacity (DPPH and FRAP methods). The results highlighted the superior quality and compliance with the legal framework of the honeydew honey sample and natural oils. Moreover, the two investigated products exhibited a rich content of bioactive compounds as well as good antioxidant activity.
The use of chitosan and an inactivated yeast to reduce the amount of sulfur dioxide in wine
Authors: SÎRBU Alexandra Doina , TOMOIAGĂ Liliana Lucia , COMŞA Maria , BOTEA Vlad , MUNTEAN Maria-Doiniţa , RĂCOARE Horia-Silviu , ENACHE Laura , CHEDEA Veronica Sanda
Published: October 2024

This study aims to evaluate the sulfur dioxide dynamics in two wines, dry white wine Fetească albă and dry red wine Fetească neagră made in Târnave vineyard, and to observe their evolution after application of Bactiless and Longevity to lower the level of SO2. The wines from 2020 harvest were produced using traditional winemaking techniques. The experimental variants were: Control, Longevity (20, 30, 40, 0, and 40 g/hL) with Bactiless (20, 35, 50, 50 and 0 g/hL). For all the samples studied in this work, it was determined a decrease concentration of free and total sulfur dioxide. The best results obtained for the Fetească albă wine was the decrease of free SO2 from 35.00 mg/L to 25.33±0.60 mg/L and total SO2 from 120.50 mg/L to 117.50 mg/L by using 50 g/hL of Bactiless (CFAV4). For the Fetească neagră wine, the best results obtained were the decrease of free SO2 from 32.50±0.29 mg/L to 14.83±0.18 mg/L and total SO2 from 85.00±0.87 mg/L to 75.00±0.86 mg/L by adding 40 g/hL of Longevity and 50 g/hL of Bactiless (CFNV3). With an allowed SO2 concentration, the evaluated wines maintained their varietal characteristics and organoleptic properties.
A Bioprotection Strategy of Musts to Limit Sulfiting Process During Winemaking
Authors: BANIȚĂ Sabin Ioan , BABEȘ Anca Cristina , BORA Florin-Dumitru , DUȘA Dorin Ștefan , CĂLUGĂR Anamaria , BUNEA Andrea , BUNEA Claudiu Ioan
Published: October 2024

In the wine industry, sulfur dioxide (SO2) has an important role, as an antioxidant, and antiseptic additive. Lately, manufacturers of products specific to wine production technology are developing biological protocols for treating musts and wines using different types of yeasts. The purpose of the research is to study the impact of replacing SO2 in the first phase of the winemaking process with biological methods on the flavonoids, polyphenols, and antioxidant potential in Fetească neagră wine. The red wine from Fetească neagră, 2021 harvest - Dealu Mare Vineyard was made through two methods: treated with SO2 6% (25 mg/L) and treated with Primaflora VR Bio (7 g/hL). The IC50 value for the variant treated with Primaflora VR BIO was 722 mg/mL and the variant treated with SO2 recorded a 724 mg/ml, the differences being non-significant. Primaflora VR Bio is an effective and promising alternative in terms of the quality of oenological and biochemical parameters, and a basic variant for ecological, biological wines with a low sulfite content.
The Quality of Grapes of the Moldova Variety According to the Foliar Fertilization System in the Phenophase of the Berry Growth
Authors: PROCOPENCO Valeria
Published: October 2024

The fertilization of the vineyards is an important and sometimes decisive technological process in the production technology of table grapes. Knowing the nutritional needs of the grapevine in different phenophases ensures obtaining homogeneous, quantitative and qualitative harvests, but also increases the plants' resistance to adverse environmental conditions. The aim consists in the analysis of the quality indices of the Moldova table grape variety, following the application of Ca treatments, in the phenophase of berry growth. In the research, different variants of application of treatments with Ca (Calcinite) were studied, with 1-4 treatments, in different periods. Observations, measurements and determinations were carried out in the field, as well as chemical laboratory analyzes according to the methods approved in viticulture. The growth of the berries on the vine begins a few days after flowering and lasts until the grapes enter the field. Following the study, a positive influence of calcium treatments on grain firmness was observed in the variants with the highest number of foliar applications. The use of individual or combined calcium fertilization of the Moldova variety in the production conditions with 1-4 post-fertilization treatments, depending on the conditions of the year, positively influenced the quality of the harvest.
Carbon Footprint of Wheat and Maize: A Greek Case Study
Authors: MAVROEIDIS Antonios , TSOPANOGLOU Aikaterini , STAVROPOULOS Panteleimon , ROUSSIS Ioannis , VATOUGIOS Dimitrios , KAKABOUKI Ioanna , BILALIS Dimitrios
Published: October 2024

Wheat and maize are two of the most dominant crops of considerable importance in human nutrition. At the same time, agriculture is responsible for about 1/3 of anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions. The aim of this study is to estimate the carbon footprint of the two aforementioned important crops in the region of Larissa, Greece.  Under this context, the emitted CO2eq- per kg of product, the corresponding emissions per hectare and per g of harvested plant protein were estimated. The carbon footprint was measured using the CoolFarm Tool (Cool Farm Alliance). Data were collected through questionnaires and interviews with local farmers. According to the results, the carbon footprint per hectare in maize (2,979 kg CO2eq- ha-1) is significantly higher compared to wheat (1,090 kg CO2eq- ha-1). In contrast, the differences in the footprints per kilogram of product and per g of harvested protein were insignificant. Tillage was found to be the main factor increasing CO2eq- emissions in both crops. In this research work we demonstrated that tillage regimes are crucial for mitigating agricultural related GHG emissions.
Evaluating the Acclimatization Potential of Pruvian Faba Bean (Vicia faba L.) in Greece
Authors: STAVROPOULOS Panteleimon , ROUSSIS Ioannis , MAVROEIDIS Antonios , PAPADOPOULOS George , GALANOU Athanasia , KARAVIDA Nikoleta , KAKABOUKI Ioanna
Published: October 2024

Faba bean (Vicia faba L.) is one of the most important sources of plant – based protein, for human and animal consumption. In Greece, faba beans are cultivated as annual, winter crop. The aim of this study was to evaluate the growth of faba bean seeds from Peru and the comparison of its characteristics with a variety, mainly cultivated in Greece (control). A field experiment was laid out at the experimental field of Agricultural University of Athens. Measurements included the agronomic traits, the yield characteristics, and the seed quality. According to the results, there were not significant differences between the two cultivars for the plant height, the number of seeds per pod, the yield and the crude protein content. The number of branches and the Thousand Seeds Weight were significant higher at the seeds from Peru. The fat content of the seed and the number of pod’s were higher at the control. In the present research work, we demonstrated that faba bean population from Peru can be cultivated in the Mediterranean region. The measurements showed that the crop’s growth was normal, and some characteristics of Peruvian beans showed better results than the cultivated varieties.
The Value Chain and Sustainable Efficiency of Industrial Potatoes Through an Entrepreneur
Authors: HARUN Rezhen , SIRWAN Kawan
Published: October 2024

This research was driven by the need for sustainable and efficient farming, productivity, and market expansion. This study mapped the industrial potato value chain, identified key stakeholders and their responsibilities, and assessed value chain linkages. This case study employed purposive sampling. The industrial potato value chain includes input suppliers, producers, processors, traders, and consumers, according to the research. Agricultural entrepreneurs are vital to the industrial potato value chain. He chose the Sharazur Plain, Kalar City, and Penjwin districts of Sulaimani Governorate in Iraq's Kurdistan Region for industrial potato production.  Additionally, the entrepreneur has entered into agreements with Green Iraq Company as a processor, input supplier, and a chain supporter of the industrial potato value chain. The company has a significant role in enhancing producers to produce industrial potatoes, Lay's Chips is manufactured by a company in Sulaimani governorate/Bazian region. The study demonstrates that the implementation of contractual agreements may lead to a win-win situation for all parties involved. This reduces the farmer's risk by promoting cultivation and guaranteeing the firm has enough raw materials for processing. According to this study, universities, research centers, and agricultural departments have no role in the industrial potato value chain.
A Review of Foreign Languages in Advertising and Product Packaging: Socio-and Psycholinguistic Perspectives
Authors: SHEHU Erion , MIHAI Mihaela , SHEHU Enxhi
Published: October 2024

Research on the use of foreign languages in advertising and packaging identifies English as a medium due to its modern universal appeal. As advertising vehicles become more numerous and diverse, foreign languages have veered from their purely linguistic function to assuming a more active role in influencing consumers’ cognitions and behaviors. Research allows companies to tap into the implicit emotional connections and associations that foreign languages evoke in consumers and better assist companies in adjusting their consumer culture positioning strategies to various local markets. This review aims to encapsulate the theoretical complexities underpinning the mechanism of how foreign languages function and how understanding them may help advertisers and brand managers in influencing consumer behavior and perception. The existing body of research shows a surging interest in multilingual advertising and product packaging. The former is more consolidated with validated experimental designs and a wider application of relevant theories whereas the latter is still at its infancy and lacks the generalizability to diverse markets. The authors conclude that foreign languages are widespread. Drawing on the theories of linguistics, sociolinguistics and psycholinguistics, alongside considering markets' cultural sensitivities, the authors recommend employing foreign language cues in both advertising and packaging.
The Study of Exploring the Policy of Seed Management Systems (PSMS)
Authors: HAMA LAW Dlnya , HARUN Rezhen , ABDULLAH Kadhm
Published: October 2024

The goal of this research is to describe and analyze the Kurdistan Region's seed system development. Also, to examine why and how the formal seed system has been prioritized over other alternatives (farmers’ and community-based seed systems). It further illustrates how the growing seed systems development debate generates challenges for policymakers and governments using the KRG case. Seed sector development policies have been formulated and implemented. The reason is to motivate the new seed policy bill and new agenda for future farmer seed production, with the different actors’ interests influencing seed policy formulation and implementation. The study was conducted from February to June 2023. Primary data for this study were gathered through focus group discussions (FGDs), which were defined as gatherings of individuals with similar experiences or backgrounds to investigate a specific topic of interest. The extensive utilization method used by qualitative researchers to examine qualitative data is a thematic analysis, which typically consists of descriptive information. These themes encompass various aspects related to seed, including seed origin and seed transparency, sustainable agriculture and food security, cooperation with stakeholders, regulation, and the governance gap.
Kurdistan Rural Information System Platform, as a New Rural Innovation Paradigm: Local Decision-Makers Perspective
Authors: SAEED Razaw , HARUN Rezhen , JUMAA Alaa
Published: October 2024

Background: This study aimed to achieve objectives through SWOT analysis and focus group discussion, identifying internal and external factors through the local decision-makers in Kurdistan Region, to explore the way to describe and analyze Kurdistan Rural information System Platform (KRISP). Problems with information in rural areas still exist in the Kurdistan region administration. The aim of this study is an attempt to develop a digital platform that will help rural communities realize their full potential and contribute to a resilient and successful digital future. The primary objectives of this project are how to design and implement an agricultural information system to collect rural data from various areas by various farmers and make it available online so that future users may eventually search for and obtain the essential data. The first category is concerned with knowledge sharing, information exchange, self-improvement, and self-improvement for grassroots extension practitioners. The study made use of qualitative data, with fixed questions. for the analysis. The achievement of primary data was also collected using a FGD’s implemented in Sulaimani governorates. The period of data collection from different study areas starting from June 2023 to September 2023 and were used in this study to collect qualitative data from a variety of government sectors (decision-makers) from various organizations were included in group discussions and gatherings to address the issues highlighted in this study.
The Influence of Salicylic Acid Treatment on Photosynthetic Pigments, Bioactive Compounds and Antioxidant Capacity in Drought-Stressed Petunia grandiflora
Authors: ROSAN Cristina Adriana , BELDEAN Maria Esther , VICAS Simona Ioana
Published: October 2024

Drought is widely recognized as the most severe environmental danger to horticulture in almost all regions across the globe. The objective of this study was to determine if applying a foliar treatment of salicylic acid (SA) at 400 ppm could mitigate the negative effects of drought on Petunia grandiflora. Four experimental variants were implemented for this purpose, with regular watering or moderate drought conditions. These variants were observed for duration of 14 days. The level of photosynthetic pigments was markedly greater in the samples exposed to drought but treated with foliar SA, in comparison to the samples exposed to drought without any treatment (128.28±8.78 and 38.01±1.15 µg/g total chlorophyll (a+b), respectively). The total polyphenol content and antioxidant capacity of both the leaves and flowers of Petunia were assessed. The polyphenols content was significantly reduced by drought. However, following the application of SA, anthocyanin levels increased in comparison to the sample that had been subjected to drought.The results demonstrate that applying SA to the leaves mitigates the adverse impacts of drought, providing a solution to the issue of water scarcity in ornamental plants, particularly Petunia grandiflora.
Technology and Big Data in Agriculture: an Analysis on Agriculture 4.0, Precision Farming, and the Role of SMEs in Driving Economic Growth
Authors: MICLE Diana Elena , DRENŢA Raul Florentin , ARION Felix Horaţiu
Published: October 2024

This paper discusses the role of technology and big data in the agri-food industry. With the world population growing rapidly, there is a need to produce more food to feed everyone. Agriculture is changing rapidly, and technology is playing a crucial role in this change. The concept of Agriculture 4.0 seeks to optimize every factor to minimize inputs and maximize efficiency. Big data is being collected to improve management and farm management. Precision farming is being used to predict crop development phases and yields. The European Union is lagging behind the US and China in terms of innovation and market evaluation. Innovation drives economic growth, and it goes beyond invention. Small and medium-sized enterprises are playing an essential role in driving economic growth, particularly in the agri-food business. To improve resilience and production efficiency in the agri-food business, there is a need to boost SMEs' competitiveness. The European agri-food business is lagging in terms of digitalization, but there is a significant potential for growth. Finally, technology and big data are playing a crucial role in the agri-food industry, and there is a need to evaluate contextual elements to improve farmers' technology use.
Analysis of an eligible protocol for bioequivalence testing of two Canine anthelmintics products with two active molecules
Authors: TODORAN Diana Denisa , CRIȘAN Melania , TAMAS-KRUMPE Octavia , FENESAN Daria , NECULA Doru , OGNEAN Laurențiu
Published: October 2024

This study is intended to analyze the design implemented in the bioequivalence testing of a generic product based on praziquantel and milbemycin oxime. The main objective of the study is to develop a protocol suitable for testing the bioequivalence and bioavailability of a new generic anthelmintic product intended for the therapeutic interchange of the innovative product Milbemax, whose patent has expired. The achievement of the proposed objective was ensured by the implementation of a single-center, cross-over, randomized, two-phase design separated by a break of 30 days between them. The current study was conducted on 22 clinically healthy Siberian Husky dogs. The analysis of the values obtained during the monitoring of the clinical and hematologic parameters, revealed evolutions within the allowed ranges, with the deviations being rare and devoid of clinical or statistical significance. Providing information regarding the field of bioequivalence of two similar antiparasitic products, being aware of the regulations in force as well as their recommendation by the treating veterinarian, in prophylaxis and anthelmintic therapy, is a good strategy to promote the use and acceptance of the new generic drugs.
Analysis of the Current Opportunities for Valorization and Conservation of the Main Autochthonous Cattle Breeds in the Conditions of the Carpathian Mountain Areas
Authors: NECULA Doru , CIUPE Simona , TAMAS-KRUMPE Octavia , TODORAN Diana , OGNEAN Laurenţ
Published: October 2024

The Carpathian areas are defined by a specific natural area, outlined by mountain geographical and climatic conditions that allowed the development of traditional agriculture, dominated by native cattle breeds, adapted to restrictive factors specific to mountain areas, which limited the expansion of perfected, highly productive and sensitive breeds. The purpose of this review consists of synthesizing and revising the current literature regarding the origin and evolution of cattle breeding of Pinzgau de Transilvania, Brună type Schwyz and Bălțată Românească breeds in various mountain areas of Romania, in association with their morpho-productive characteristics and development of traditional dairy products. The results found in the literature revealed the current level of support and implementation of strategies for the conservation of significant cattle herds from the main native breeds. The essential characteristics for the perpetuation of cattle breeds adapted to the Carpathian Mountain conditions are also presented, as well as the criteria of their promotion by breeders in the mountain areas. In the current context of the expansion of commercial farms, domestic cattle breeds, mainly Pinzgau herds, are insufficiently supported. Thus, we consider that any effort to preserve and support local cattle breeds is fully justified.
Establishing a Murine Osteoporosis Protocol for Biomaterials Testing
Authors: AȘTILEAN Andreea Niculina , DREANCĂ Alexandra , TOMA Corina , TAULESCU Marian , GOG-BOGDAN Sidonia , DEJESCU Cosmina , MÂRZA Sorin , POP Raul Alexandru , IRIMIE Alexandra , JURCUȚ Larisa Stefania , PEȘTEAN Cosmin , MAGYARI Klara , OANA Liviu
Published: October 2024

Osteoporosis is one of the most common disorders of bone metabolism, this being a condition that causes pain, frequently causing fractures, as a result of the reduction of bone mass and density. The purpose of this study is the establishment and testing of an experimental protocol to induce osteoporosis in laboratory rats by ovariectomy, at 9 months old. It is desirable that osteoporosis is successfully induced so that various biomaterials for treating pathologic bone healing can be further tested. For this study, 20 Sprague-Dawley rats were split into 2 groups of 10 individuals, which were then operated, while 10 were left as control. Clinical examination was performed each week, but mainly 4 months after surgery, biochemistry and osteodensitometry were determined by CT - scanning to compare the differences between the ovariectomized group and the control group. The rats were humanly euthanasied at 20 weeks post ovariectomy and histological analyses were performed. Biochemistry revealed that progesterone level was decreased by ~50%, calcium values were decreased, alkaline phosphatase was increased and the Ca:P ratio was also altered. Nevertheless, the analysis of bone density (BMD) revealed a decrease in the ovariectomized group compared with the control group and the histological analysis confirmed the induction of osteoporosis pathology. In conclusion, osteoporosis by means of estrogenic deficit, was successfully induced in 9-month-old Sprague-Dawley rats.
Osseointegration of Self-Drilling Titanium Screws in the Hole Smaller than the Screw Core in the Male Rabbit
Authors: DUMA Vasile , OROS Nicușor-Valentin , GAL Adrian Florin , MATEI-LAȚIU Maria-Cătălina , RAȚIU Cristian Adrian , RUS Vasile , MARTONOS Cristian Olimpiu , ALEXANDRU Bogdan Cătălin , OANA Liviu Ioan
Published: October 2024

Inserting orthopedic screws into a hole that is too small can produce excessive mechanical forces that cause osteocyte death and difficulty carrying out bone repair processes. The aim of the study was to evaluate the osseointegration of titanium screws 6 weeks after their insertion into the femur of male rabbits, in any smaller than the screw core. The study was conducted on 5 male rabbits aged 1 year with orthopedic titanium screws with a length of 5 mm, a diameter of 2 mm and a diameter of a screw core of 1.5 mm. The screws were inserted into the diaphysis of the femoral bone, into the hole with a diameter of 1 mm. After 6 weeks of insertion of the screws, the presence of newly proliferated tissues is found throughout the interface, but with differences from one area to another.  In conclusion, the insertion of titanium screws into the hole with a diameter smaller than the screw core is accompanied by good bone proliferation in the periosteal and endosteal areas of the interface and is exceptionally modest on the portion next to the diaphyseal bone wall.
Student’s evaluation of the use of E-learning platform in the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca. Strengths and weaknesses revealed by an online survey in 2022-2023
Authors: GUDEA Alexandru Ion , TĂNASE Tudor , GUDEA Nicoleta
Published: October 2024

The present paper approaches, using a Google survey, the main aspects of the usage of the e-learning platform over the period of 2 years (2022-2023) as perceived by students of the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca, Romania. Several aspects related to the way they use it, the perceived advantages of the usage of Moodle platform as well as some drawbacks are highlighted.  Nowadays there is a relatively low degree of usage of the facilities, due to a limited understanding of the capabilities of such an application. Students are good indicators and might be promoters, along with the willingness of the management of the faculty for a better settling of the alternative and new didactical means imposed by the permanent and rapid development of the new learning environment imposed by e-sources.
Particle film treatments on ‘Assyrtiko’ grapevines enhance physiology and grape attributes in Santorini Island
Authors: XYRAFIS Efstratios Guillaume , BINIARI Katerina , STAVRAKAKI Maritina
Published: October 2024

Like many viticultural regions of the Mediterranean region, Santorini is also affected by climate change. These changing climatic conditions pose challenges to adapt the island’s traditional viticulture practices to the new climatic conditions of climate change, which will intensify in the future, with the use of short- and long-term solutions with a sustainable manner respecting the tradition and the island’s landscape. Viticulture in this region copes with high temperatures, heat waves and drought which affect the maturity process, the technological maturity, as well as the physiology of the grapevine. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of kaolin and calcium carbonate foliar application on water relations, photosynthesis and berry composition of vines of grape cultivar ‘Assyrtiko’, trained with the traditional training system ‘Kouloura’, under drought conditions and vertical shoot positioned training system in Santorini. The effects of foliar application with kaolin and CaCO3 on vines of grape cultivar ‘Assyrtiko’ were evaluated, focusing on the impact on the vine’s physiology attributes, grape quality, and environmental sustainability. Based on the results of the present study, there were statistically significant differences on vine water stress where the foliar application of inert films reduced water stress during the three studied years. Kaolin and CaCO3 increased significantly the photosynthesis and stomatal conductance of the vines in comparison to the control. Furthermore, the foliar application with inert minerals has reduced sunburn and pest damage. The results of the present study confirm that the application of kaolin and CaCO3 constitutes an effective and economical solution for the water saving of the vines in dry conditions, while at the same time, it can improve the physiology of the plant and preserve the qualitative and quantitative attributes of the grapes. The foliar use of inert particle films on Santorini’s traditional vineyards could consist a sustainable and effective alternative to mitigate the effects of climate change which have intensified over the last decades in the region.
Responses to foliar sprays of strawberry variety ‘Portola’ to biostimulants on growth, yield, quality, and bioactive compounds
Authors: MARTÍNEZ-PÉREZ Miriam E. , RUÍZ-ANCHONDO Teresita de J. , JACOBO-CUÉLLAR Juan L. , CALDERÓN-ZAVALA Guillermo
Published: October 2024

The acceptance of strawberries in international trade has increased due to their organoleptic qualities, high nutritional value, and richness in antioxidants. This research evaluated the effect of foliar spray with chitosan, brassinosteroids, and thidiazuron as metabolic enhancers on growth, productivity, quality parameters, and bioactive compounds in ‘Portola’ strawberry cultivar in the first year of production. This experiment included six treatments and control with doses of CTS of 100, 300, and 400 mg L-1, of Brassinosteroids (Vitazyme™) 0.5, 1-, and 5-mL L-1 and 0.15 mL L-1 of TDZ (Charger plex™) in applications of these biostimulants alone and combination CTS and BRs. The findings indicated that CTS treatments increased plant length, leaf count, leaf area, and fruit firmness. The joint application of CTS and BRs significantly promotes crown diameter, photosynthetic pigments, carotenoids, fresh and dry weight of roots and aerial parts, and ripening. Applications of CTS 300 mg L-1 and 1 mL L-1 of Vitazyme have shown the highest fruit length, diameter, and weight values. Regarding TDZ, this work showed an increase in crown diameter and in the fresh and dry weight of both the root and the aerial part without significant differences in the content of the chlorophyll and titratable acidity compared to the control. Therefore, it could be safely recommended that foliar application with CTS, BRs, and TDZ can be used as biostimulants to improve the growth, quality and bioactive compounds of strawberry cv ‘Portola’.
Assessment of root foraging behaviour in Aralia elata subjected to drought stress under different light spectra
Authors: FAN Ruifeng , TAN Long , ZHENG Minghao , HUANG Xiaoyang , LIU Xiubo , GUO Shenglei
Published: October 2024

Drought may be more frequent in foreseen decades that will threat non-wood forest products (NWFP) in temperate forests. Plants cope with drought by increasing root foraging ability, which may be also impacted by exposure to light spectra (components of wavelengths in three colours of monochronic lights). In this study, three hybrid light spectra were provided by light-emitting diode (LED) in red (wavelength: 13.6% blue, 60.0% green, 26.4% red), green (2.9% blue, 84.6% green, 2.5% red), and blue (5.4% blue, 77.8% green, 16.9% red) lights for culturing potted Aralia elata seedlings in homogeneous (67.5 mg nitrogen [N] to both halves of pot) and heterogeneous (135 mg N to left half of pot) under drought and well-watered conditions. The red light spectrum was the unique illumination environment where height growth was promoted under well-watered condition and root biomass in fertilized patch was enhanced under drought. Compared to blue light spectrum, red light spectrum increased root foraging scale and precision and placement ratio. Red light spectrum also promoted aboveground biomass, but reduced root collar diameter. No interaction was detected between any pairs of factors among drought, light, and soil nutrient pattern. The heterogeneous pattern increased root to shoot biomass ratio with decreased shoot biomass and increased root foraging sensitivity and precision and fine root placement ratio. Drought enlarged the overall foraging scale with no effects on foraging sensitivity or precision. Overall, exposure to red light spectrum had the potential to promote fine root foraging behaviour under drought, but more trails deserve being tested in the future on a wider range of wavelengths.
Heat stress responses and mitigation strategies in wheat: an updated and comprehensive review
Authors: UL ABIDIN Zain , MAHMOOD Athar , ALAWADI Hussam F.N. , ULLAH Muhammad S. , SHAHID Adeel , KHAN Bilal A. , AL-KHAYRI Jameel M. , ALDAEJ Mohammed I. , AL-DOSSARY Othman , ALSUBAIE Bader , SHEHATA Wael F. , REZK Adel Abdel-Sabour
Published: October 2024

The main consequence of climate change on temperature is global warming. Over the past century, worldwide temperature has increased, rising by about 0.14 degrees Fahrenheit every year. Rising temperature negatively affects morphology, physiology, and yield of crops. Over the last 5 years, agriculture production in Pakistan affected due to temperature increase. Pakistan is an agriculture based developing country. About 2.2% GDP of Pakistan depends on wheat crop which is 1st major cereal crop and ranked as staple food. Nutritionally it provides proteins, dietary fibers, carbohydrates, calcium, and other important compounds but because of the harmful effects of a high temperature, yield of wheat crop in Pakistan has reduced to lowest levels in the last few years. Heat stress affects wheat plants by reducing growth, raised reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, denature cell membranes, and enzymes activity, decreasing photosynthetic activity and disturbing respiration processes. Improving wheat crop productivity is urgently needed to feed the rapidly growing population. Several techniques like Quantitative Trait Locus mapping, omics techniques, and application of nutrients have been used in the past to mitigate high temperature effect on wheat and other different crop plants. This review critically analyzes the response of wheat towards heat stress and its impacts on wheat crop as well as provides critical information on advanced strategies and techniques for the mitigation of heat stress.
Influence of germination time on free amino acids, phenolic compounds and γ-aminobutyric acid in pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan (L.) Huth) seeds
Authors: PAPAYRATA Chanakran , SAENSOUK Surapon , CHUMROENPHAT Theeraphan
Published: October 2024

This research studied the influence of phytochemical compounds on the germination time of pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan (L.) Huth). Over the 72 hours germination period, the contents of total and most individual free amino acids, particularly histidine, showed substantial increases. The content of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) was also greatly increased, from 0.24 µg/g to 2.7 µg/g, representing a nearly ninefold increase. The total phenolic content (TPC) and total flavonoid content (TFC) were positively related with germination time, with TPC highest at 62.49 mg GAE/100 g DW at 72 h, and TFC increased from 18.87 mg RE/100 g DW to 30.05 mg RE/100g.DW at 72 hours. The contents of individual phenolic acids and flavonoids, such as, protocatechuic acid, p-coumaric acid, ferulic acid and rutin, experienced noticeable increases. However, vanillic and catechin were only detectable at 72 hours, respectively. Antioxidant capacity measured by DPPH and FRAP assays increased from 102.30 to 128.95 mgTE/100g DW and 694.13 to 836.93 mg FeSO4/100g DW mmol/g, respectively, and therefore highlighting the enhanced antioxidant potential of germinated pigeon pea. The results from Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) supported these findings. The study emphasizes the potential of germination to enhance the phytochemical compounds of pigeon pea seeds.
Micronutrient and heavy metal bioaccumulation in Bermuda grass (Cynodon dactylon L. Pers) grown in calcareous soil using stabilized and dried sewage sludge
Authors: OK Huseyin , ORMAN Sule , TOLAY Inci , TAVALİ Ismail Emrah
Published: October 2024

This study examines the micronutrients and heavy metal bioaccumulation in Bermuda grass (Cynodon dactylon L. Pers), grown in two different types of calcareous soil (CS) with the application of stabilized and dried sewage sludge (SS). At the end of the growth period, the Fe, Zn, Mn and Cu (micronutrients) concentrations in the substrate have increased. Furthermore, it was determined that the total Fe, Zn, Mn and Cu concentrations were higher in CS1 compared to CS2. For the heavy metals the concentrations of Ni and Cr have increased, and the concentration of total Cd has slightly but significantly decreased. The total Pb concentration was below the detection limit (DL for Pb <0.03 mg kg-1). It was determined that the total Ni, Cr and Cd concentrations were higher in CS1 than in CS2. In the aerial biomass of the Bermuda grass, the Fe and Zn concentrations have increased with increasing SS applications, whereas Mn concentrations have decreased. Ni, Cr, Cd and Pb concentrations were unaffected by SS applications for both types of CS. The bioconcentration factor (BCF) values for the shoot of the plant (BCFFe, BCFZn, BCFMn, BCFCu, BCFNi, BCFCr, BCFCd) were determined to be below the critical limit of 1. The application of sewage sludge has not resulted in bioaccumulation above critical limits in the shoot of the plant. However, considering Bermuda grass substrate, it can be suggested to add sewage sludge to the calcareous soil in amounts between 20–40 t ha-1, considering its long-term remanence.
Exploring ecotypic plant adaptations and the influence of microbiota on mitigating environmental challenges
Authors: M. AL-KHAYRI Jameel , KHAN Tahir
Published: October 2024

The idea of ecotypes, which refer to unique groups of plants that have evolved to flourish in specific habitats, is gaining attention owing to climate fluctuations and changes in the associated microbiota. The term "ecotype" described plant populations that are specially adapted to particular environments, as revealed by common garden experiments showcasing genetically distinct characteristics. This concept remains relevant in modern plant science, where garden experiments continue to uncover how natural selection promotes species diversity, underscoring the crucial role of the plant microbiota in adaptation. Recent research has highlighted the microbial interactions that aid plants in adapting to environmental stress. Plants that shape soil microbial communities exhibit differential responses along ecological gradients owing to environmental stressors that influence interactions with soil microorganisms. Understanding the differentiation within plant populations and the emergence of new species is vital for discerning natural selection patterns. Environmental stressors profoundly impact global crop production, whereas plant-microbiota symbioses significantly influence plant growth and defense through nutrient acquisition and metabolite synthesis. Plant adaptation mechanisms include enzymatic antioxidant production and osmolyte accumulation, which are regulated by phytohormones that orchestrate responses to biotic and abiotic stressors, respectively. Despite breeding and genetic engineering efforts, progress in enhancing plant tolerance to extreme conditions remains limited, necessitating the development of sustainable agricultural alternatives. This study offers a comprehensive overview of recent advances in plant ecotype research, particularly focusing on symbiotic relationships with the microbiota and traits that contribute to improved nutrient uptake and plant health.
Comparative analysis of seed morphology in genus Scutellaria L.
Authors: RODIDEAL Tatiana , FRUNZETE Mădălina-Elena , OLARU Ștefan M. , GRIGORE Marius-Nicusor , ZAMFIRACHE Maria-Magdalena , IVĂNESCU Lăcrămioara C.
Published: October 2024

The genus Scutellaria L. comprises about 400 - 500 species, some of which are of practical value due to their biological activities. To prevent misidentification and contamination of plant material harvested from species of this genus, knowledge of the morphological and micromorphological characters of the seeds has proved useful. The present paper aims to perform a morphological and micromorphological characterization of seeds belonging to 12 taxa of the genus Scutellaria L., with the idea of completing the literature data and discussing the importance of these characters. The seeds of the analysed taxa showed different colours (yellow, black, brown) and ornamentations (generated by the arrangement and shape of the epidermal papillae). In some taxa, the seeds were glabrous (Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi, S. resinosa Torr., S. suffrutescens S. Watson., S. incana Spreng., S. integrifolia L.), others showed tector hairs concentrated in the apical region of the epidermal papillae (S. altissima L.) or distributed over the entire surface (S. orientalis L., S. supina L., S. orientalis L. var. pinnatifida Rchb.), covering the whole or part (S. pontica K. Koch.) of the seed surface. Sessile glands were observed in S. galericulata L., among the papillae, whereas S. alpina L., presented stellate hairs. Seed sizes also varied between the taxa. The results obtained confirm the taxonomic importance of the analysed features but indicate that the correct identification of Scutellaria species cannot be performed based only on seed characteristics, requiring additional research and observations.
EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION OF A CONVERGENT NOZZLE FOR THERMAL HOMOGENIZATION OF AIR
Authors: Sharma Piyush , Singh Gurveer , Shekhar Rajiv , Chandra Laltu , Ghoshdastidar Partha S.
Published: October 2024

This study employed a 2 kWth solar air tower simulator system for experimental validation, explicitly focusing on the effectiveness of a custom-designed mixer assembly under conditions of even and uneven heat flux distribution. Non-uniform heat dispersion within the absorbers can create localized hotspots and temperature disparities, resulting in thermal stress within the pipeline system. To address this challenge, a mixer assembly was devised to equalize the temperature differential in the heated air. The study concentrates on scrutinizing the temperature variance along both the axial and azimuthal axes within the mixer assembly, examining scenarios with aperture power of 1000 W and 1500 W, as well as mass flow rates of 6.37 g/s and 14.87 g/s. Notably, the study identified a maximum temperature differential of 7°C at the mixer's outlet when the initial temperature variance at the inlet stood at 37°C.
MICROSCALE DOMAIN PERMEABILITY PREDICTION OF FIBER REINFORCEMENT STRUCTURES BASED ON THE LATTICE BOLTZMANN METHOD AND MACHINE LEARNING
Authors: Novitska Maryna , Cassola Stefano , Schmidt Tim , Duhovic Miro , Basok Borys I. , May David
Published: October 2024

The aim of this work was to evaluate the possibility of numerically based fluid permeability prediction for polymer
composite fibrous microstructures using the lattice Boltzmann method (LBM). The work was carried out using the
open-source lattice Boltzmann software library Palabos (parallel lattice Boltzmann solver). For validation purposes, we first compared the results of a simple geometry with an analytical solution before using the LBM to calculate the permeability of a real three-dimensional (3D) fibrous structure generated via X-ray computed tomography, which was used in an international virtual permeability benchmark exercise. It was found that within the relevant working range, the LBM simulations were in good agreement with both the semi-analytical models and the average benchmark results. In addition, several hundred artificially created 3D microscale geometries were generated, and the velocity fields in each were determined using Palabos, together with a statistically valid average value of their permeability in all three directions. These data were then used to train a convolutional neural network-based machine learning model for the purposes of quicker prediction of the permeability for different microstructural parameters. It was concluded that Palabos is a suitable and computationally efficient open source alternative for performing permeabilities calculations to generate simulation-based data for machine learning purposes.
Evidence for a VP-internal analysis of postverbal arguments in an SOVX language
Authors: Daniel Penelope
Published: October 2024

Mande languages are known for their typologically unusual SOVX word order, in which the subject and direct object precede the verb, while adjuncts and other complements must follow it. Koopman (1992) argues for Bambara that this unique word order arises when the direct object obligatorily raises to a preverbal position for Case, while any other postverbal elements surface in their base-generated position within the VP. However, Nikitina (2019) proposes for Wan that postverbal elements are located in a high, clause-adjoined position. This paper presents syntactic evidence from Mandinka in support of the former analysis of postverbal indirect objects. In particular, I provide word order, pronominalization, and binding facts that show that postverbal indirect objects must be located in a low, VP-internal position, which is incompatible with a clausal-adjunction analysis.
Spatial Analysis of Infrastructure Effects of Economic Dynamics in Russian Regions
Authors:   Federal Research Centre the Southern Scientific Centre of RAS, Patrakeeva O. Yu. , Kulygin V. V. ,   Federal Research Centre the Southern Scientific Centre of RAS
Published: October 2024

Sustainable development of the transport system ensures the economic space unity, integrity and national security. The study hypothesises that infrastructure as an essential factor of well-being brings economic benefits to a region and determines its socio-economic growth, with effects extending beyond the region itself. Econometric and geoinformation methods were combined to conduct a spatial analysis of the impact of the capital-labour ratio, transport and telecommunication infrastructure on gross regional product per capita and labour productivity in industry, as well as to assess direct and spillover effects. The estimates revealed a statistically significant positive spillover effect of the capital-labour ratio, railway and telecommunication development indices on economic development. At the same time, negative direct effects of railway infrastructure indices on industry indicate that, in conditions of concentration of economic activity, the increasing transport system load does not correspond to its physical growth rates under heavy wear. This conclusion is confirmed by a negative spillover effect of the capital-labour ratio on labour productivity in industry in two model specifications with a direct positive effect. Providing access to networks and information resources for enterprises and population, as well as increasing technological capabilities and the speed of interaction between economic entities cause positive externalities of telecommunications for economy. Telecommunication infrastructure is a factor of industrial production growth, however, its negative spillover effects show that regions surrounded by regions with high mobile penetration rate are experiencing a slowdown in labour productivity in industry. The obtained estimates and the spatial correlation between gross regional product per capita and labour productivity in industry should be considered in programmes for financing infrastructure projects.