bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The influence of lubricant temperature on the wear of total knee replacements
Authors: Cowie Raelene M. , Briscoe Adam , Jennings Louise M.
Published: September 2023

Experimental in vitro simulation can be used to predict the wear performance of total knee replacements. The in vitro simulation should aim to replicate the in vivo loading, motion and environment experienced by the joint, predicting wear and potential failure whilst minimising test artefacts. Experimental wear simulation can be sensitive to environmental conditions; the environment temperature is one variable which should be controlled and was the focus of this investigation. In this study, the wear of an all‐polymer (PEEK‐OPTIMA™ polymer‐on‐UHMWPE) total knee replacement and a conventional cobalt chrome‐on‐UHMWPE implant of similar initial surface topography and geometry were investigated under elevated temperature conditions. The wear was compared to a previous study of the same implants under simulator running temperature (i.e. without heating the test environment). Under elevated temperature conditions, the wear rate of the UHMWPE tibial inserts was low against both femoral component materials (mean <2 mm3/million cycles) and significantly lower (p < 0.05) than for investigations at simulator running temperature. Protein precipitation from the lubricant onto the component articulating surfaces is a possible explanation for the lower wear. This study highlights the need to understand the influence of different variables including environmental temperature to minimise the test artefacts during wear simulation which may affect the wear rates.
Bio‐inspired low wear and durable lubrication interfacial system based on thixotropic hydrogel for artificial joints
Authors: He Bin , Wang Chen , Xiong Xiong , Li Jun , Jin Zhongmin , Qu Shuxin
Published: September 2023

Inspired by the excellent wear resistance and lubrication of articular joints, a novel bionic interfacial system was proposed by combining thixotropic hydrogel with surface porous Ultrahigh Molecular Weight Polyethylene (UHMWPE). Thixotropic hydrogel, synthesised by gelatin, alginate sodium, tannic acid and weak crosslinking by Ca2+ (Gel‐TA‐Alg@Ca2+), was used as a lubricant due to its shear‐thinning when loaded, then the recovery viscosity to be benefitted for reserving in surface pores on UHMWPE when unloaded. Surface porous UHMWPE was fabricated by using hydroxyapatite particles as porogen to control its porosity, pore size, surface roughness and surface energy (PE‐HA). Gel‐TA‐Alg@Ca2+ significantly reduced average coefficients of friction and wear factors compared to those under normal saline and calf serum solution lubricating after reciprocating tribological testing. Notably, Gel‐TA‐Alg@Ca2+ still maintained thixotropy and was stored in surface pores of UHMWPE even after tribological testing for 7200 min. Thus, durable lubrication could be realised due to the synergistic effect of surface porous structure and thixotropy. Stribeck curves showed the characterisations of mixed, elastohydrodynamic and hydrodynamic, but without boundary lubrications for PE‐30HA under three lubricants. The present results might provide the potential application to construct the durable lubrication bionic articular joint interfacial system for artificial joints.
Analysis of the time‐domain model of the LLC series resonant converter with frequency and single phase shifted control
Authors: Guo Tengfei , Jia Pengyu , Zhang Xuan , Zhang Yajing , Zhu Xiaoyu
Published: September 2023

LLC series resonant converter (LLC‐SRC) has attracted much attention due to its simple circuit structure and easy realization of soft‐switching. To get a better efficiency, rectifier stage can be realized by the active switches instead of the diodes. Meanwhile, more control variables can be selected besides the switching frequency, such as single phase shifted (SPS) angle, dual phase shifted (DPS) angle, and extended phase shifted (EPS) angle. Considering the simplicity of the implementation of the control strategy, this paper focused on the converter model with frequency and SPS control. Different from the common modelling method with the Fundamental Harmonic Approximation (FHA), the precise time‐domain mathematic model is built. By a comparison between the two modelling results, it can be proved the FHA model may be failure in some operating condition while the proposed time‐domain model can still show a good accuracy. According to the proposed model, two simple fixed‐frequency SPS control strategies are proposed. The first one can realize infinite soft‐switching margin with no restrictions on the transformer magnetizing inductance. The second one can greatly improve the efficiency of the converter. All the theoretical results are verified by a 1‐kW experiment prototype.
Gravitational study of escape routes and residence regions of Ceres and Vesta fragments
Authors: Zain P. S. , Di Sisto R. P.
Published: September 2023

Aims. Ceres and Vesta are the two largest bodies in the main asteroid belt (MB) and have been extensively studied, particularly since the DAWN mission. Vesta is known to have an associated asteroid family, while the existence of a Ceres family is uncertain. This study investigates the fate of multi-kilometre fragments ejected from Ceres and Vesta due to impacts over a timescale of several hundred million years.

Methods. We performed purely gravitational N-body simulations to investigate the dynamical evolution of multi-kilometre-sized fragments ejected from Ceres and Vesta. We tracked the trajectories of these fragments and identified their residence regions within the MB. We analysed the escape routes and end states of the fragments that manage to leave the MB, including the delivery to the near-Earth asteroids (NEAs). We also estimated the number of collisions with Earth that could be attributed to large fragments ejected from Ceres and Vesta.

Results. Our simulations show that the Ceres fragments are dispersed over a larger region in the MB compared to Vesta fragments due to their higher ejection velocities. We identified the escape routes of the fragments that leave the MB, which for the Ceres fragments are the 5:2 and 8:3 mean-motion resonances (MMR), and for the Vesta fragments are the 3:1 MMR and ν6 secular resonance, where they can be delivered to the NEA region. We also find that the Pristine region, located between the 5:2 and 7:3 MMR, is the most likely place to find any surviving member of a Ceres family. There were no collisions of large Ceres or Vesta fragments with Earth over the age of the Solar System, suggesting that, under the model considered here, the howardite–eucrite–diogenite meteorites originate from smaller NEAs from Vesta.
Late extension of a passive margin coeval with subduction of the adjacent slab: The Western Alps and Maghrebides files
Authors: Michard André , Farah Aboubaker , Chabou Moulley Charaf , Saddiqi Omar
Published: September 2023

The evolution of the Alpine Tethys margins during the beginning of the African-Eurasian convergence was little studied compared to their evolution during the post-Pangea rifting and oceanic expansion,i.e., from the Early Jurassic to the early Late Cretaceous. The present work firstly aims to make up for this shortcoming in the case of the distal European margin of the Alpine Tethys, namely the Briançonnais domain of the Western Alps. We show that this margin was affected by strong post-rifting extension mainly in Late Cretaceous-Paleocene times and propose to make it the type of the (rare) “Late Extension Passive Margins”. Remarkably, this extension shortly preceded Lutetian times, when Briançonnais margin encroached the SE-dipping subduction zone under the Adria microplate. Secondly, we assess the post-rifting evolution of the north-Tethyan paleomargin in the Maghrebides transects,i.e., south-west of the Briançonnais transect along the same European-Iberian paleomargin. For this purpose, we consider the Triassic-Eocene series of the “Dorsale Calcaire” in the Alkapeca Blocks located along southeastern Iberia until the Eocene then transported onto the North African margin. Examination of the literature shows that the Tethyan margin of the Alboran block was strongly affected by normal faulting as early as Late Jurassic-Early Cretaceous times whereas post-rifting extension of the Kabylian blocks mainly occurred in the Late Cretaceous-Paleocene like in the Briançonnais. We propose that post-rifting extension of the Alboran block southern margin resulted from the sinistral movement of Africa relative to Iberia while the later extension of the Kabylian blocks can be related to the further convergence kinematics. Subduction of the Ligurian-Maghrebian slab under the North African margin would have occurred at that time in the southward continuation of the Alpine subduction. The overriding Adria and North African margins did not experience significant compression at that time. During the Eocene, a subduction polarity reversal occurred, which was associated with the relocation of the subduction zone along the Alkapeca block. This was the beginning of the Apenninic subduction, which triggered the back-arc opening of the Mediterranean basins.
Aufruf des fnb e. V.
Authors: Wiegard-Szramek Ina
Published: September 2023

Es sind bewegte Zeiten. Allerorts und überall, berufsübergreifend und europaweit wird Personal gesucht. Sei es im Service, in der Gastronomie, bei der Deutschen Bahn, den großen Fluggesellschaften, in der metallverarbeitenden Industrie oder in Handwerksbetrieben – überall werden Leute gesucht. Ganz besonders hart trifft es die Bereiche im Gesundheitswesen. Versuchen Sie mal, zeitnah einen Termin in einer niedergelassenen Facharztpraxis zu bekommen. Wehe dem, der Beschwerden hat!
Körperliche Inaktivität und
Rückenschmerz
Authors: Grenier Jean-Pascal
Published: September 2023

Körperliche Inaktivität ist ein unabhängiger Risikofaktor
für erhöhte kardiovaskuläre Mortalität,
begünstigt das Entstehen diverser Krebserkrankungen und gilt auch als
Risikofaktor für die Entwicklung von chronischen Schmerzen.
Langanhaltende körperliche Inaktivität führt zu einem
Abbau der Kraft und der (Rücken-)Muskulatur. Schwache
Rückenmuskulatur ist aber nur ein Faktor, der zur Entstehung von
lumbalen Rückenschmerzen (Low Back Pain, LBP) beitragen kann, da viele
biopsychosoziale Faktoren dabei eine Rolle spielen.

Regelmäßiges Training und körperliche Aktivität
reduzieren zwar das Risiko, einschränkenden LBP zu erfahren, aber ein
Therapieerfolg wird bei LBP nicht vorrangig durch eine Verbesserung physischer
Faktoren erreicht. Vielmehr spielen andere Einflussfaktoren, wie ein reduziertes
Angstvermeidungsverhalten und bessere schmerzbezogene Selbstwirksamkeit, ebenso
eine wichtige Rolle im Genesungsprozess.

Das Ziel dieses Artikels ist es, den Zusammenhang von körperlicher
(In-)Aktivität und Rückenschmerzen darzustellen und die Risiken
eines eindimensionalen, biomedizinischen Verständnisses,
unabhängig von der Profession, zu diskutieren.
Klassifikation von Epilepsiesyndromen
Authors: Baumgartner Christoph , Asamoah-Akwonu Linda , Koren Johannes P. , Lang Clemens , Pirker Susanne
Published: September 2023

Im Jahr 2022 wurden von der Nosology and Definitions Task Force der
Internationalen Liga gegen Epilepsie (ILAE) in einer Serie von Positionspapieren
erstmals von der ILAE anerkannte Definitionen von Epilepsiesyndromen
vorgestellt, die in der vorliegenden Übersichtsarbeit kurz
zusammengefasst werden sollen [1–6].
Epilepsieklassifikation – Vor- und Nachteile verschiedener Klassifikationssysteme – ein Review
Authors: Rosenow Felix
Published: September 2023

Die Klassifikation von Epilepsien und epileptischen Syndromen und -eng verbunden- von epileptischen Anfällen unterliegt stetem Wandel. Ziel dieser Anpassungen ist es den aktuellen Erkenntnisstand und die Fortschritte in Diagnostik und im Krankheitsverständnis von Epilepsien abzubilden. In der aktuellen „Klassifikation der Epilepsien der International League Against Epilepsy (ILAE)“ von 2017 wird die Bedeutung von Ätiologie und Komorbidität hervorgehoben. Epilepsien werden vor allem in solche mit fokalen Anfällen, generalisierten Anfällen, fokalen und generalisierten Anfällen und unbekanntem Anfallstyp eingeteilt. Andere Befunde (z. B. aus EEG und MRT) gehen auf jeder Ebne ein. Auf der anderen Seite wurde von Lüders und Mitarbeitern eine „4-dimensionale Epilepsie Klassifikation“ vorgeschlagen, die diese Aspekte getrennt betrachtet und eine rein semiologische Anfallsklassifikation verwendet. In 2020 wurde mit der „Integrierten Epilepsie Klassifikation“ ein Vorschlag unterbreitet, der versucht die Vorteile dieser verschiedenen Systeme zu nutzen. In den hier vorliegenden Review werden diese Klassifikationssysteme vorgestellt und die jeweiligen Vor- und Nachteile diskutiert.
Tongue Flap for Closure of Anterior Palate Fistula
Authors: Puri V.K. , Gupta Vikram P.
Published: September 2023

12 cases of anterior palate fistula larger than 5 mm in diameter were treated by anteriorly based dorsal, midline mucomuscular tongue flap without any fixation of tongue or jaw. The results obtained during the course of study support the method for the closure of large anterior palate fistula following cleft palate surgery.
The Maxillary Orthopaedic Combination Appliance for New Born Cleft Lip and Palate Babies
Authors: Pradhan K. I. , Chandra R. , Pandey S. D. , Bhatnagar S. K. , Singh A. K.
Published: September 2023

At most centres in the west a cleft lip and palate baby is given a maxillary orthopaedic combination appliance soon after birth. A similar appliance is now being given by us. This appliance is being presently given only as an obturator. It is intended to study its efficacy in conjuction with early lip repair and primary bone grafting in the near future.
Macrodactyly-Report of Six Cases with Revie of Literature
Authors: Dasgupta A. , Ganguli A.C.
Published: September 2023

Six cases of Macrodactyly between the age group of 4 and 14 years were investigated and managed surgically whereby excision of the excess tissue had been done. The affected children were having higher systolic blood pressure and invariably had excess of all the tissues, constituting the digit. The affected skin showed poor healing in 30% of the cases.
Management of Cavernous Haemangiomas
Authors: Kashalikar J.J.
Published: September 2023

The management of cavernous haemangiomas in 100 cases has been discussed with the main emphasis on indications and results of surgery. Other modalities like injection of boiling water, oral steroids and compression therapy are discussed. By and large surgical treatment gave most satisfactory results in the selected cases.
“Neighborhood fear of crime and disadvantaged areas: a comparative longitudinal study”
Authors: Di Rocco Jennie , Vasiljevic Zoran , Ivert Anna-Karin
Published: September 2023

The current study explores how neighborhood fear of crime (“worry about specific crimes”) changes over time in neighborhoods with different levels of disadvantage. With a comparative design, 81 and 123- neighborhoods in two cities in Sweden are followed over a six-year period. Fear of crime trajectories are assessed through growth curve modeling. We consider how differences in neighborhood processes, such as social and physical disorder, might influence fear of crime levels. The results show that fear of crime increased over time in both cities and the increase was related to higher levels of physical disorder in several areas. Furthermore, the change differed depending on the neighborhood type – in highly disadvantaged neighborhoods, the fear was stable at a high level. In contrast, the largest increases in fear could be seen in the areas with the lowest disadvantage in both cities. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.
How do latecomer firms achieve catch-up through technology management: a comparative analysis
Authors: Liu Yexin , Wu Weiwei , Kim Yanggi
Published: September 2023

The catch-up of latecomer firms has been a topic of interest because it is closely related to the changes in industry leadership. The reason why some countries are more successful in catch-up is because of their increasing mastery of technology management (TM). Therefore, to ensure successful catch-up, it is imperative for latecomer firms to understand the TM practices and TM modes across national boundaries. This paper aims to reveal the differences in TM practices and TM modes between latecomer firms and forerunner firms. This paper collected data from Chinese firms and Korean firms as latecomers and forerunners, respectively, to examine the differences in TM practices and TM modes. The results show that latecomer firms place more emphasis on grasping the condition of firms’ equipment, understanding technology talents required by business, and completing files on technology information. While forerunner firms stress learning from other competitors, effective training, and constructing detailed technology information management system most. Furthermore, the relationship between TM and product innovation performance is more integrated for forerunner firms compared to latecomer firms. A key contribution of this paper is to reveal the differences in TM practices and TM modes between latecomer firms and forerunner firms, which enriches the catch-up literature from an international comparative perspective. As such, this paper is of great importance in broadening the understanding of how latecomer firms transform into global leaders.
Generalized conditional symmetries and pre-Hamiltonian operators
Authors: Wang Bao
Published: September 2023

In this paper, we consider the connection between generalized conditional symmetries (GCSs) and pre-Hamiltonian operators. The set of GCSs of an evolutionary partial differential equations system is divided into a union of many linear subspaces by different characteristic operators, and we consider the mappings between two of them, which generalize the recursion operators of symmetries and the pre-Hamiltonian operators. Finally, we give a systematic method to construct infinitely many GCSs for integrable systems, including the Gelfand–Dickey hierarchy and the AKNS-D hierarchy. All time flows in one integrable hierarchy, admitting infinitely many common GCSs.
Local flow control by phononic subsurfaces over extended spatial domains
Authors: Kianfar Armin , Hussein Mahmoud I.
Published: September 2023

Local phonon motion underneath a surface interacting with a flow may cause the flow to passively stabilize, or destabilize, as desired within the region adjacent to the subsurface motion. This mechanism has been extensively analyzed over only a spatial region on the order of the instability wavelength along the fluid–structure interface. Here, we uncover fundamental relations between the behavior of flow instabilities and the frequency response characteristics of the phononic subsurface structure admitting the elastic motion. These relations are then utilized to demonstrate the possibility of extensive spatial expansion of the control regime along the downstream direction with minimal loss of performance—potentially covering the entire surface exposed to the flow.
A multi-state mapping approach to surface hopping
Authors: Runeson Johan E. , Manolopoulos David E.
Published: September 2023

We describe a multiple electronic state adaptation of the mapping approach to surface hopping introduced recently by Mannouch and Richardson [J. Chem. Phys. 158, 104111 (2023)]. Our modification treats populations and coherences on an equal footing and is guaranteed to give populations in any electronic basis that tend to the correct quantum–classical equilibrium values in the long-time limit (assuming ergodicity). We demonstrate its accuracy by comparison with exact benchmark results for three- and seven-state models of the Fenna–Matthews–Olson complex, obtaining electronic populations and coherences that are significantly more accurate than those of fewest switches surface hopping and at least as good as those of any other semiclassical method we are aware of. Since these results were obtained by adapting the scheme of Mannouch and Richardson, we go on to compare our results with theirs for a variety of problems with two electronic states. We find that their method is sometimes more accurate, especially in the Marcus inverted regime. However, in other situations, the accuracies are comparable, and since our scheme can be used with multiple electronic states it can be applied to a wider variety of electronically nonadiabatic systems.
A graphics-accelerated deep neural network approach for turbomachinery flows based on large eddy simulation
Authors: Tong Zheming , Xin Jiage , Song Jiaying , Cao Xiangkun Elvis
Published: September 2023

In turbomachinery, strongly unsteady rotor–stator interaction triggers complex three-dimensional turbulent flow phenomena such as flow separation and vortex dynamics. Large eddy simulation (LES) is an advanced numerical method that has recently been used to resolve large-scale turbulent motions and model subgrid-scale turbulence in turbomachinery. To largely reduce the computing cost of LES for turbomachinery flow, a graphics processing unit (GPU)-accelerated deep neural network-based flow field prediction approach is explored, which combines convolutional neural network autoencoder (CNN-AE) with long short-term memory (LSTM). CNN-AE extracts spatial features of turbomachinery flow by mapping high-dimensional flow fields into low-dimensional space, while LSTM is used to predict the temporal evolution of fluid dynamics. Automatic mixed precision (AMP) is employed to achieve rapid neural network training using Nvidia GTX 1080 Ti GPU, which shows a significant speedup compared with that without AMP. We evaluated the proposed CNN-AE-LSTM (CAL) method against gated recurrent units (GRU) and simple recurrent network (SRN) on two types of turbomachinery, i.e., centrifugal and axial flow pumps. The results show that the proposed CAL shows better capability of capturing the vortex structure details of turbomachinery. When predicting the temporal vorticity field, the mean square error of CAL results is 0.105%–0.124% for centrifugal pumps and 0.071%–0.072% for axial flow pumps. Meanwhile, the structural similarity index measure of the CAL results is 92.51%–92.77% for centrifugal pumps and 93.81%–94.61% for axial flow pumps. The proposed CAL is noticeably better than GRU and SRN in terms of both mean square error and structural similarity index measure.
Evaluation of high intensity synchrotron radiation x-ray imaging using Si crystals with lapped surface at 33.3 keV
Authors: Kamezawa Chika , Hyodo Kazuyuki
Published: September 2023

In x-ray imaging methods, such as synchrotron radiation microangiography, the x-ray intensity has become more important in recent years for real-time dynamic observations to evaluate temporal changes in samples. Many synchrotron radiation facilities use x-rays monochromated by diffraction from perfect Si crystals to improve the spatial resolution of x-ray images and obtain detailed information about a sample. In this paper, monochromatic synchrotron x-ray images were acquired using Si crystals lapped with abrasives to enhance the x-ray intensity using white synchrotron radiation x-rays for observing dynamic changes in samples. The x-ray intensity, spatial resolution, and contrast noise ratio (CNR) in the acquired x-ray images were quantitatively evaluated using a state-of-the-art high-spatial-resolution detector. The x-ray intensity was substantially increased by a factor of ∼8 when a lapped Si crystal was used. When the lapped Si crystal was used, the spatial resolution of x-ray images in the diffraction-plane direction was ∼70% lower than when an etched Si crystal was used at a spatial resolution of 10 lp/mm. By contrast, the CNR in x-ray images, which is important for observing the interior of a sample, increased threefold when a contrast agent containing iodine at a concentration of 38 wt. % was used. It was confirmed that the combination of white synchrotron radiation x-rays and a lapped crystal produces an intense monochromatic x-ray, providing an important evaluation for the use of optics for each research purpose.
Numerical simulation of proppant migration and sedimentation behavior in complex fractures based on computational fluid dynamics
Authors: Zhao Kangjia , Wang Jie , Xu Hualei , Zhang Liangjun , Jiang Houshun
Published: September 2023

The migration and sedimentation behavior of proppant in complex fractures plays a vital role in the formation of fractures with high conductivity. Most of the existing studies on proppant sedimentation and migration are based on a single vertical fracture model that propagates in the same direction. However, due to in situ stress and reservoir heterogeneity, the propagation of fractures in reservoirs will produce multiple branch fractures that intersect with the main fractures and have a certain inclination angle. Therefore, it is necessary to study the sedimentation and migration behavior of proppants in inclined complex fractures. In this paper, the proppant particles sedimentation law in fractures is studied based on computational fluid dynamics. By changing the particle size, volume fraction, and inlet flow velocity of proppant, the migration and sedimentation law of proppant in a single fracture is simulated and verified. Then, through the establishment of a complex fracture model with multiple branches, and from the four dimensions of the vacant length of the front edge of the sand embankment, the length of the sand embankment, the highest point of the sand embankment, and the effective laying area of the proppant, the angle between the main and branch fractures in the complex fractures, the fracture angle and the inlet flow velocity, as well as the location relationship of the branch fracture setting and the migration and sedimentation of the proppant in the complex fractures are explored.
A BaGa4Se7 crystal based pulsed mid-infrared light source with a narrow linewidth in 4–12 µm
Authors: Xiao Zengjun , Gu Jieqiong , Wang Zhaofeng , Chu Wangyou , Zhang Qiang , Chen Yang , Zhao Dongfeng
Published: September 2023

We present a BaGa4Se7 (BGSe) crystal based coherent pulsed light source for high resolution mid-infrared (MIR) spectroscopy in the 4–12 µm region. The all-solid-state system consists of an injection seeded optical parametric generator (OPG) and an optical parametric amplifier (OPA) using two KTiOPO4 crystals. The idler output of OPG-OPA and the fundamental output (1064 nm) of a wavelength stabilized Nd:YAG laser are employed for difference frequency generation of MIR pulses in the BGSe crystal. Pulsed MIR radiation in the 4–12 µm range is obtained with typical pulse energies higher than 100 µJ and pulse durations of ∼5 ns. By measuring H2O absorption lines in the 8 µm region with this MIR light source and a cavity ring-down spectrometer, the linewidth of the MIR source is inferred as 120 ± 10 MHz, which is very close to the Fourier-transform limited linewidth of 5 ns laser pulses.
Desynchronizing oscillators coupled in multi-cluster networks through adaptively controlling partial networks
Authors: Wang Kaidian , Yang Luan , Zhou Shijie , Lin Wei
Published: September 2023

This article introduces an adaptive control scheme with a feedback delay, specifically designed for controlling partial networks, to achieve desynchronization in a coupled network with two or multiple clusters. The proposed scheme’s effectiveness is validated through several representative examples of coupled neuronal networks with two interconnected clusters. The efficacy of this scheme is attributed to the rigorous and numerical analyses on the corresponding transcendental characteristic equation, which includes time delay and other network parameters. In addition to investigating the impact of time delay and inter-connectivity on the stability of an incoherent state, we also rigorously find that controlling only one cluster cannot realize the desynchronization in the coupled oscillators within three or more clusters. All these, we believe, can deepen the understanding of the deep brain stimulation techniques presently used in the clinical treatment of neurodegenerative diseases and suggest future avenues for enhancing these clinical techniques through adaptive feedback settings.
Thermodynamic analysis and optimization of a novel system integrating with solid oxide fuel cell-gas turbine and parabolic trough collector for using in sports buildings
Authors: Jiang Junwen , Meng Junyan , Yao Yuzhong , Morovati Reza , Su Zhanguo
Published: September 2023

This study aims at sport buildings and discussing mathematical models' applications focused on energy problems, both on the thermal and electrical sides. Methanol is a type of alcohol that can be used as an alternative fuel option. Solid oxide fuel cells are a type of fuel cell that have advantages over other types of fuel cells such as high efficiency and low emissions. Researchers are exploring the use of methanol in solid oxide fuel cells, because it can be converted into synthetic gas at certain temperatures using catalysts. This study focuses on a system that uses solar energy for combined cooling, cooling, heating, and power generation. Solar energy is a renewable and environmentally friendly source of energy. Methanol is synthesized and then converted into gases for use in solid oxide fuel cells. This process is called reforming. A fuel cell and a gas turbine system can increase power generation and provide heat for cooling with a conversion efficiency exceeding 64%, but 15% of energy is lost due to light and heat losses.
Government-supported clinical knowledge and information resource portals are key to ensuring quality, safe health care and evidence-based practice – the Australian context
Authors: Siemensma Gemma , Anderson Alice , Gorton Cassandra
Published: September 2023

Objective The aim of this study was to describe Australia’s government-supported clinical knowledge and information resource portals and their alignment with government policies for digital health within an Australian context, and to clarify the role of hospital libraries in the public health system as an adjunct to state and territory portals. Methods Government-supported clinical resource portals in Australian states and territories were examined and benchmarked. A comprehensive search of Australian state, territory, and federal government websites was conducted for strategies, policies, and projects relating to medical research, digital health, and health workforce education. These documents were screened for reference to clinical knowledge and information resource portals, clinical decision support tools, hospital libraries, or educational resources for the health workforce. Additionally, information was derived from relevant published Australian studies to provide context and additional information about access to evidence in public hospitals. Results Clinical resource portals are a vital part of evidence-based health care in Australia; however, there are inconsistencies in these portals due to differences in policy, funding, and strategy between Australia’s states and territories. Libraries in the healthcare sector play a key role in ensuring centralised clinical knowledge and information resource portals are easily available to clinicians, and in building on the initial portal collection, curate bespoke library collections for their individual organisations. Conclusion This investigation highlights the importance of government-supported clinical knowledge and information resource portals and the role they play in the provision of safe, quality, evidence-based health care. These portals, in conjunction with hospital library activities, are an integral part of the clinical governance framework.
Australian terrestrial mammals: how many modern extinctions?
Authors: Burbidge Andrew A.
Published: September 2023

This note updates the list of extinct Australian terrestrial mammal species and subspecies and, from published scientific literature, reports 40 species and six subspecies that are presumed to have become extinct since European settlement of Australia.
Development of a cold spot joining method that enables sound joining of carbon steel below the A1 temperature
Authors: Aibara Takumi , Morisada Yoshiaki , Fujii Hidetoshi
Published: September 2023

A novel solid-state joining method, which we call cold spot joining (CSJ), was successfully developed. In this joining concept, the material in the vicinity of the interface is plastically deformed using high pressure to form the joining interface, and impurities at the interface are expelled to the outside. Medium-carbon steel sheets were joined using the CSJ method under various process conditions. The joining temperature can be modified by the pressure applied during CSJ. Microstructural observations and hardness distributions revealed that proper pressurisation led to a joining temperature below the A1 point and prevented the formation of brittle martensitic phase. A sound S45C joint showing plug rupture at the base metal under both tensile shear and cross-tension tests was successfully fabricated by providing appropriate applied pressure and energising conditions.
C17orf80 binds the mitochondrial genome to promote its replication
Authors: Wu Hao , Zhang Wenshuo , Xu Fengli , Peng Kun , Liu Xiaoyu , Ding Wanqiu , Ma Qi , Cheng Heping , Wang Xianhua
Published: September 2023

Serving as the power plant and signaling hub of a cell, mitochondria contain their own genome which encodes proteins essential for energy metabolism and forms DNA–protein assemblies called nucleoids. Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) exists in multiple copies within each cell ranging from hundreds to tens of thousands. Maintaining mtDNA homeostasis is vital for healthy cells, and its dysregulation causes multiple human diseases. However, the players involved in regulating mtDNA maintenance are largely unknown though the core components of its replication machinery have been characterized. Here, we identify C17orf80, a functionally uncharacterized protein, as a critical player in maintaining mtDNA homeostasis. C17orf80 primarily localizes to mitochondrial nucleoid foci and exhibits robust double-stranded DNA binding activity throughout the mitochondrial genome, thus constituting a bona fide new mitochondrial nucleoid protein. It controls mtDNA levels by promoting mtDNA replication and plays important roles in mitochondrial metabolism and cell proliferation. Our findings provide a potential target for therapeutics of human diseases associated with defective mtDNA control.
Nanoscale architect: Illuminating the key organizer of the fruit fly’s sensory world
Authors: Lu Wen , Gelfand Vladimir I.
Published: September 2023

Mechanosensory neurons utilize specialized compartments called mechanosensory organelles (MOs) to process external forces, yet the MO organization mechanisms remained unclear. In this issue, Song et al. (2023. J. Cell Biol.https://doi.org/10.1083/jcb.202209116) discovered that a microtubule-binding protein, DCX-EMAP, is the key organizer of fly MOs.
Triboelectric nanogenerators: theoretical calculations, materials, and applications in net-zero emissions
Authors: Guo Xuhua , Chen Muqi , Zheng Yang , Cui Hongzhi , Li Xiaoyi
Published: September 2023

Triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) have shown great potential in converting discrete mechanical energy in the environment into electricity without producing any greenhouse gases in the process, and they have been regarded as one of the most powerful methods to achieve zero carbon emissions. It has been confirmed that the output performance is the main factor limiting the real-world applications of the TENGs. Establishing universal standards for quantity analysis TENGs’ outputs and seeking advanced dielectric materials to improve the charge density are the two priorities for boosting TENG outputs. Here, the working mechanisms of TENG and the quantitative analysis of TENG output performance are introduced to reveal the relationships of Q–V–I–x (charge-voltage-current-displacement) and the energy conversion efficiencies. Selecting suitable triboelectric materials is the key to enhancing the performance of TENG. Materials used as advanced friction or dielectric layers are elaborated, including metals, inorganic non-metallic materials, polymers, and composites. Moreover, the influences of performance improvement methods, such as ionization injection, intermediate layer, surface modification, and charge-excitation strategy, are discussed accordingly. Finally, applications to achieving the goal of net zero and future challenges of TENGs are presented. This review provides strategies for guiding the further development of TENGs toward higher performances and promoting the commercialization of TENG net-zero systems.
Photonic management of silicon nanocylinder arrays to enhance photovoltaic performance
Authors: Chen Shih-Hsiu , Kuo Kuan-Yi , Wei Ta-Cheng , Lin Yu-Pin , Chen Sung-Yu , Chen Chia-Yun
Published: September 2023

The light–matter interaction of subwavelength and periodic silicon (Si) nanostructures strongly correlates with their geometrical features, resulting in them being highly unsuitable for the practical development of Si-based photovoltaic applications. In this study, the concepts of effective medium and retrieval methods are needed to deal with the subwavelength periodic dielectric structure. Using finite-difference time-domain simulations, we study the interactions of electromagnetic radiation with a square array of dielectric rods parallel to the incident light, and the effective optical properties such as refractive index, permittivity, and permeability are calculated. Furthermore, the electric field distributions are also plotted for a deeper understanding of the energy changes within Si nanocylinder arrays (SiNCAs) under different incident wavelengths of radiation. By employing calculated optimized SiNCAs for the construction of hybrid solar cells, improved cell performances showing a conversion efficiency of 13.79% are demonstrated, with further estimation by electrical chemical measurements for a better understanding of the carrier transition. These are numerically and experimentally interpreted by the involvement of excellent light-trapping effects, delivering a method to design correlated photovoltaic devices.
Lead aprons and thyroid collars: to be, or not to be?
Authors: Engström Andreas , Isaksson Mats , Larsson Per-Anders , Lundh Charlotta , Båth Magnus
Published: September 2023

Wearing lead aprons and thyroid collars for long periods of time has a subjective component: to balance the effective dose reduction with the effort of carrying a heavy load. Occupational radiation exposure has decreased dramatically in the last century within the health care system. During the same period the use of lead aprons and thyroid collars has also gone up. Therefore, a question that may be raised is: how safe is safe enough? In order to promote stakeholder involvement, the aim of the present study was to investigate staff’s experience of discomforts associated with wearing lead aprons and thyroid collars for long periods of time, and also to investigate staff’s willingness to tolerate personal dose equivalent (expressed as radiation dose) and the corresponding increase in future cancer risk to avoid wearing these protective tools. A questionnaire was developed and given to staff working in operating or angiography rooms at Skaraborg Hospital in Sweden. The results from the 245 respondents showed that 51% experienced bothersome warmth, 36% experienced fatigue and 26% experienced ache or pain that they believed was associated with wearing lead aprons. One third of the respondents would tolerate a personal dose equivalent of 1 mSv per year to avoid wearing lead aprons, but only a fifth would tolerate the corresponding increase in future cancer risk (from 43% to 43.2%). In conclusion, discomforts associated with wearing lead aprons and thyroid collars for long periods of time are common for the staff using them. At the same time, only a minority of the staff would tolerate a small increase in future cancer risk to avoid wearing them. The present study gives an example of stakeholder involvement and points at the difficulties in making reasonable decisions about the use of these protective tools.
A multiple fault diagnosis approach for transformer based on double antenna RFID sensor and PSA-optimized LSTM
Authors: Wang Tao , Yang Song , Yin Ruihan , Lu Yin , Li Bing , He Yigang , Zhao Jing , Deng Conglong
Published: September 2023

This work aims to realize multiple mechanical fault diagnosis for transformers in the incubation period. A double antenna radio frequency identification (RFID) sensor is used to obtain vibration signals generated by a transformer. The measured raw vibration signals have prominent nonlinear characteristics; besides, they are mixed with vast noises, such as electromagnetic interference, measurement disturbance and so on, making it challenging to identify distinguishable features from the measured data. The long short-term memory (LSTM), which exhibits satisfactory performance in dealing with large-scale nonlinear time-series signals, is adopted to extract features from high-dimensional raw signals. Because the parameters of the LSTM cell and support vector machine significantly determine the accuracy of diagnosis, these parameters are determined using the chaotic quantum particle swarm optimization algorithm. Moreover, the sparse periodical attention (PSA) mechanism is used to enhance the LSTM model’s performance by focusing on global feature learning and determining the input data length. The experimental results verify that the exploited RFID sensor realizes reliable data wireless transmission within 17.5 m. Moreover, the PSA-optimized LSTM approach achieves satisfactory trade-off between diagnosis accuracy and computation complexity while dealing with multiple mechanical fault diagnosis of a transformer in early stages.
AC-Faster R-CNN: an improved detection architecture with high precision and sensitivity for abnormality in spine x-ray images
Authors: Zhong Bolin , Yi Jizheng , Jin Ze
Published: September 2023

Objective. In clinical medicine, localization and identification of disease on spinal radiographs are difficult and require a high level of expertise in the radiological discipline and extensive clinical experience. The model based on deep learning acquires certain disease recognition abilities through continuous training, thereby assisting clinical physicians in disease diagnosis. This study aims to develop an object detection network that accurately locates and classifies the abnormal parts in spinal x-ray photographs. Approach. This study proposes a deep learning-based automated multi-disease detection architecture called Abnormality Capture-Faster Region-based Convolutional Neural Network (AC-Faster R-CNN), which develops the feature fusion structure Deformable Convolution Feature Pyramid Network and the abnormality capture structure Abnormality Capture Head. Through the combination of dilated and deformable convolutions, the model better captures the multi-scale information of lesions. To further improve the detection performance, the contrast enhancement algorithm Contrast Limited Adaptive Histogram Equalization is used for image preprocessing. Main results. The proposed model is extensively evaluated on a testing set containing 1007 spine x-ray images and the experimental results show that the AC-Faster R-CNN architecture outperforms the baseline model and other advanced detection architectures. The mean Average Precision at Intersection over Union of 50% are 39.8%, the Precision and Sensitivity at the optimal cutoff point of Precision–Recall curve are 48.6% and 46.3%, respectively, reaching the current state-of-the-art detection level. Significance. AC-Faster R-CNN exhibits high precision and sensitivity in abnormality detection tasks of spinal x-ray images, and effectively locates and identifies abnormal areas. Additionally, this study would provide reference and comparison for the further development of medical automatic detection.
Confronting sound speed resonance with pulsar timing arrays
Authors: Jin Jia-Heng , Chen Zu-Cheng , Yi Zhu , You Zhi-Qiang , Liu Lang , Wu You
Published: September 2023

The stochastic signal detected by pulsar timing arrays (PTAs) has raised great interest in understanding its physical origin. Assuming the signal is a cosmological gravitational-wave background produced by overly large primordial curvature perturbations, we investigate the sound speed resonance effect with an oscillatory behavior using the combined PTA data from NANOGrav 15-yr data set, PPTA DR3, and EPTA DR2. We find that the stochastic signal can be explained by the induced gravitational waves sourced by the sound speed resonance mechanism, with the oscillation frequencyf*∈ [1.51, 4.90] × 10-7Hz and the start time of oscillation |τ0| ∈ [2.05, 106] × 107s.
Quantitative insights in tissue growth and morphogenesis with optogenetics
Authors: Mim Mayesha Sahir , Knight Caroline , Zartman Jeremiah J
Published: September 2023

Cells communicate with each other to jointly regulate cellular processes during cellular differentiation and tissue morphogenesis. This multiscale coordination arises through the spatiotemporal activity of morphogens to pattern cell signaling and transcriptional factor activity. This coded information controls cell mechanics, proliferation, and differentiation to shape the growth and morphogenesis of organs. While many of the molecular components and physical interactions have been identified in key model developmental systems, there are still many unresolved questions related to the dynamics involved due to challenges in precisely perturbing and quantitatively measuring signaling dynamics. Recently, a broad range of synthetic optogenetic tools have been developed and employed to quantitatively define relationships between signal transduction and downstream cellular responses. These optogenetic tools can control intracellular activities at the single cell or whole tissue scale to direct subsequent biological processes. In this brief review, we highlight a selected set of studies that develop and implement optogenetic tools to unravel quantitative biophysical mechanisms for tissue growth and morphogenesis across a broad range of biological systems through the manipulation of morphogens, signal transduction cascades, and cell mechanics. More generally, we discuss how optogenetic tools have emerged as a powerful platform for probing and controlling multicellular development.
Operating mode dependent energy transfer efficiency in a quantum well waveguide
Authors: Al-Dolaimy F , Kzar M H , Jamil N Y , Zaid M , Rasen F A , Hussain S , Al-Majdi K , Mohsen K S , Alawadi A H , Alsaalamy A
Published: September 2023

In this paper, we delve into the intricate interplay between optical fields with varying relative phases in a closed-loop configuration semiconductor quantum well waveguide with four distinct energy levels, and how it impacts the Fraunhofer diffraction patterns obtained via four-wave mixing. By harnessing a strong control field, a standing wave driving field, and two weak probe and signal fields, we drive the waveguide to generate these patterns with maximum efficiency. To achieve this, we consider three distinct light-matter interaction scenarios, where the system is first set up in either a lower electromagnetically induced transparency or a coherent population trapping state, followed by a final state that enables electron spin coherence (ESC) induction. Our results reveal that the efficiency of Fraunhofer diffraction in the quantum well waveguide can be enhanced significantly under specific parameter regimes via the spin coherence effect. Further investigation of the light-matter interaction in the ESC zone, where only one of the control fields is a standing wave field, demonstrates that spin coherence facilitates more efficient transfer of energy from the probe light to the third and fourth orders, highlighting its crucial role in shaping the diffraction patterns.