bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparative Study of Glucose Transporters GLUT-2 and GLUT-5 in Ostriches Gastrointestinal Tract
Authors: Hussar Piret , Kärner Martin , Järveots Tõnu , Pendovski Lazo , Duritis Ilmars , Popovska-Percinic Florina
Published: August 2016

The knowledge about transport of sugars in animals and birds gastrointestinal tract is very important for science as carbohydrates are the main energy source of food. Since until now there is few information about the localization of glucose transporters - integral membrane proteins that mediate the transport of glucose and related substances across the cellular membranes - in birds gastrointestinal tract, the aim of the present study was to localize glucose transporters-2 and -5 (GLUT-2 and -5) in three parts of the ostriches gastrointestinal tract – proventriculus, duodenum and ileum - comparatively in ostrich chicken in their early ontogenesis period. Material from the superficial gland zone of the proventriculus, duodenum and terminal zone of the ileum were collected from eight female ostriches (Struthio camelus var. Domesticus): two chickens after hatching, three 7 and three 30-days old ostriches. The material was fixed with 10% formalin, embedded into paraffin, slices 7 μm thick were cut followed by immunohistochemical staining with polyclonal primary antibodies Rabbit anti-GLUT-2 and Rabbit anti-GLUT-5, carried out according to the manufacturers guidelines (IHC kit, Abcam, UK). The results showed that the staining for both antibodies was weaker in all parts of the gastrointestinal tract of ostriches after hatching compared to 7 and 30 days old ostriches showing that the gastrointestinal tract of ostriches immediately after hatching is not entirely capable of transportation of carbohydrates. The results of our study may indicate the possibility of a close relationship between feeding and the ability to transport sugars in the gastrointestinal tract.
Malfunctions of robotic system in surgery: role and responsibility of surgeon in legal point of view
Authors: Ferrarese Alessia , Pozzi Giada , Borghi Felice , Marano Alessandra , Delbon Paola , Amato Bruno , Santangelo Michele , Buccelli Claudio , Niola Massimo , Martino Valter , Capasso Emanuele
Published: August 2016

Robotic surgery (RS) technology has undergone rapid growth in the surgical field since its approval. In clinical practice, failure of robotic procedures mainly results from a surgeon’s inability or to a device malfunction. We reviewed the literature to estimate the impact of this second circumstance in RS and its consequent legal implications. According to data from the literature, device malfunction is rare. We believe it is necessary to complement surgical training with a technical understanding of RS devices.
Broadband infrared absorption enhancement by electroless-deposited silver nanoparticles
Authors: Gritti Claudia , Raza Søren , Kadkhodazadeh Shima , Kardynal Beata , Malureanu Radu , Mortensen N. Asger , Lavrinenko Andrei V.
Published: August 2016

Decorating semiconductor surfaces with plasmonic nanoparticles (NPs) is considered a viable solution for enhancing the absorptive properties of photovoltaic and photodetecting devices. We propose to deposit silver NPs on top of a semiconductor wafer by a cheap and fast electroless plating technique. Optical characterization confirms that the random array of electroless-deposited NPs improves absorption by up to 20% in a broadband of near-infrared frequencies from the bandgap edge to 2000 nm. Due to the small filling fraction of particles, the reflection in the visible range is practically unchanged, which points to the possible applications of such deposition method for harvesting photons in nanophotonics and photovoltaics. The broadband absorption is a consequence of the resonant behavior of particles with different shapes and sizes, which strongly localize the incident light at the interface of a high-index semiconductor substrate. Our hypothesis is substantiated by examining the plasmonic response of the electroless-deposited NPs using both electron energy loss spectroscopy and numerical calculations.
Rivalry of Advocacy Coalitions in the Czech Pension Reform
Authors: Potůček Martin , Rudolfová Veronika
Published: August 2016

The Czech Republic, as many other countries of Central and Eastern Europe, faced and is still facing a pension-reform challenge. The diversification of pension pillars led to the massive displacements of participant contributions from the public PAYG pension pillars to the newly constructed private, defined-contribution, fully-funded pillars. In the Czech Republic, the adoption of the relevant law was preceded by serious political conflict between supporters and opponents of this step (both among different political actors and among professionals). In an analysis of the conflict we critically apply the Advocacy Coalition Framework. We work mainly with the analysis of policy documents, public statements of the individual actors and an analysis of voting on the relevant law in both chambers of the Czech Parliament towards the identification of the crystallization process of two clear-cut coalitions between actors from both sides of the spectrum. The Advocacy Coalition Framework in exploring the dynamics of the public-policy process proved to be able to explain situations where there is sharp political conflict. Through the lens of the devil-shift of both camps (advocacy coalitions with different beliefs), each fell into extreme positions within the coalition to affirm the correctness of their arguments and positions.
Lawsonia intracellularis and Porcine Circovirus type-2 infection in Estonia
Authors: Järveots T. , Saar T. , Põdersoo D. , Rüütel-Boudinot S. , Sütt S. , Tummeleht L. , Suuroja T. , Lindjärv R.
Published: August 2016

The present study describes the reasons of post-weaning distress in Estonian pig herds. Here we examined the natural cases ofLawsonia intracellularisand porcine circovirus 2 (PCV2) infection and co-infections.

The presence ofL. intracellularisin swine herds were tested by PCR and by histopathological methods, whereas PCV2 was detected by real-time-PCR and immunohistochemical stainings. Seven of the 11 investigated herds with signs of post-weaning wasting were infected withL. intracellularisand all 11 herds with PCV2.

From the analysed samples 22.2% were infected withL. intracellularisand 25% with PCV2. The results of microbiological studies suggested that the piglets suffered from enteritis and pneumonia.Escherichia coliandPasteurella multocidaoften aggravated the process of illness. The frequency ofL. intracellulariswas high in pigs 7-12 weeks old (18.5-42.7%) and PCV2 infection was too high in pigs 7-12 weeks old (24.8-32.7%).E. coliwas often a co-factor withL. intracellularisand PCV2.

The primary reasons of post weaning wasting were PCV2 andE. coli,later aggravated byL. intracellularisand other pathogens. Our results indicated that different pathogens have an important role in developing post-weaning wasting.

Proliferative intestinal inflammation caused byL. intracellularisis mainly characterised by its localization and morphological findings. The main gross lesions were the enlargement of mesenteric lymph nodes and thickening of the wall of ileum. In post-weaning multi-systemic wasting syndrome there are characteristic histological lesions in lymphoid tissues. They consist of a variable degree of lymphocyte depletion, together with histiocytic and/or multinucleate giant cell infiltration. This basic lymphoid lesions is observable in almost all tissues of a single severely affected animal, including lymph nodes, Peyer’s patches and spleen. Sporadically, multifocal coagulative necrosis may be observed.
Concentration of hepatic vitamins A and E in rats exposed to chlorpyrifos and/or enrofloxacin
Authors: Spodniewska A. , Barski D.
Published: August 2016

The aim of the study was to determine the level of antioxidant vitamins A and E in the liver of rats exposed to chlorpyrifos and/or enrofloxacin. Chlorpyrifos (Group I) was administered at a dose of 0.04 LD50 (6 mg/kg b.w.) for 28 days, and enrofloxacin (Group II) at a dose of 5 mg/kg b.w. for 5 consecutive days. The animals of group III were given both of the mentioned above compounds at the same manner as groups I and II, but enrofloxacin was applied to rats for the last 5 days of chlorpyrifos exposure (i.e. on day 24, 25, 26, 27 and 28). Chlorpyrifos and enrofloxacin were administered to rats intragastrically via a gastric tube. The quantitative determination of vitamins was made by the HPLC method. The results of this study indicated a reduction in the hepatic concentrations of vitamins A and E, compared to the control, which sustained for the entire period of the experiment. The four-week administration of chlorpyrifos to rats resulted in a significant decrease of vitamins in the initial period of the experiment, i.e. up to 24 hours after exposure. For vitamin A the maximum drop was observed after 24 hours (19.24%) and for vitamin E after 6 hours (23.19%). Enrofloxacin caused a slight (3-9%) reduction in the level of the analysed vitamins. In the chlorpyrifos-enrofloxacin co-exposure group reduced vitamins A and E levels were also noted, but changes in this group were less pronounced in comparison to the animals intoxicated with chlorpyrifos only. The decrease in the antioxidant vitamin levels, particularly noticeable in the chlorpyrifos- and the chlorpyrifos combined with enrofloxacin-treated groups, may result not only from the increase in the concentration of free radicals, but also from the intensification of the secondary stages of lipid peroxidation.
MDI-GPU: accelerating integrative modelling for genomic-scale data using GP-GPU computing
Authors: Mason Samuel A. , Sayyid Faiz , Kirk Paul D.W. , Starr Colin , Wild David L.
Published: August 2016

The integration of multi-dimensional datasets remains a key challenge in systems biology and genomic medicine. Modern high-throughput technologies generate a broad array of different data types, providing distinct – but often complementary – information. However, the large amount of data adds burden to any inference task. Flexible Bayesian methods may reduce the necessity for strong modelling assumptions, but can also increase the computational burden. We present an improved implementation of a Bayesian correlated clustering algorithm, that permits integrated clustering to be routinely performed across multiple datasets, each with tens of thousands of items. By exploiting GPU based computation, we are able to improve runtime performance of the algorithm by almost four orders of magnitude. This permits analysis across genomic-scale data sets, greatly expanding the range of applications over those originally possible. MDI is available here:
Ectopic POU5F1 in the male germ lineage disrupts differentiation and spermatogenesis in mice
Authors: Zheng Yu , Phillips LeAnna J , Hartman Rachel , An Junhui , Dann Christina T
Published: August 2016

Expression levels of the pluripotency determinant, POU5F1, are tightly regulated to ensure appropriate differentiation during early embryogenesis. POU5F1 is also present in the spermatogonial stem cell/progenitor cell population in mice and it is downregulated as spermatogenesis progresses. To test if POU5F1 downregulation is required for SSCs to differentiate, we produced transgenic mice that ubiquitously express POU5F1 in Cre-expressing lineages. Using a Vasa-Cre driver to produce ectopic POU5F1 in all postnatal germ cells, we found that POU5F1 downregulation was necessary for spermatogonial expansion during the first wave of spermatogenesis and for the production of differentiated spermatogonia capable of undergoing meiosis. In contrast, undifferentiated spermatogonia were maintained throughout adulthood, consistent with a normal presence of POU5F1 in these cells. The results suggest that POU5F1 downregulation in differentiating spermatogonia is a necessary step for the progression of spermatogenesis. Further, the creation of a transgenic mouse model for conditional ectopic expression of POU5F1 may be a useful resource for studies of POU5F1 in other cell lineages, during tumorogenesis and cell fate reprogramming.
Hazard of ultraviolet radiation emitted in gas metal arc welding of mild steel
Authors: Nakashima Hitoshi , Utsunomiya Akihiro , Takahashi Jyunya , Fujii Nobuyuki , Okuno Tsutomu
Published: August 2016

Objectives

Ultraviolet radiation (UVR) emitted during arc welding frequently causes keratoconjunctivitis and erythema in the workplace. The degree of hazard from UVR exposure depends on the welding method and conditions. Therefore, it is important to identify the UVR levels present under various conditions.

Methods

We experimentally evaluated the UVR levels emitted in gas metal arc welding (GMAW) of mild steel. We used both a pulsed welding current and a non‐pulsed welding current. The shielding gases were 80% Ar + 20% CO2 and 100% CO2. The effective irradiance defined in the American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists guidelines was used to quantify the UVR hazard.

Results

The effective irradiance measured in this study was in the range of 0.51‐12.9 mW/cm2 at a distance of 500 mm from the arc. The maximum allowable exposure times at these levels are only 0.23‐5.9 s/day.

Conclusions

The following conclusions were made regarding the degree of hazard from UVR exposure during the GMAW of mild steel: (1) It is more hazardous at higher welding currents than at lower welding currents. (2) At higher welding currents, it is more hazardous when 80% Ar + 20% CO2 is used as a shielding gas than when 100% CO2 is used. (3) It is more hazardous for pulsed welding currents than for non‐pulsed welding currents. (4) It appears to be very hazardous when metal transfer is the spray type. This study demonstrates that unprotected exposure to UVR emitted by the GMAW of mild steel is quite hazardous.
Dust‐free bleaching powder may not prevent symptoms in hairdressers with bleaching‐associated rhinitis
Authors: Nielsen Jörn , Nilsson Patrik , Dahlman‐Höglund Anna , Diab Kerstin Kronholm , Albin Maria , Kåredal Monica , Jönsson Bo , Wierzbicka Aneta , Gudmundsson Anders
Published: August 2016

Objective

Hairdressers have an increased risk for airway symptoms especially when using hair‐bleaching powder containing persulfate. To minimize exposure, dust‐free bleaching powder(DFP) has been made available. We studied the effects of regular powder (RP) or DFP on the airway symptoms of hairdressers with hair‐bleaching associated rhinitis.

Methods

Twelve hairdressers each performed three hair‐bleachings on a wig in an exposure chamber. Half of the subjects used RP and half used DFP. Exposure to persulfate and ammonia was measured. Before and after each bleaching, the participants stated their degree of airway symptoms on a visual analogue scale. Nasal lavage and blood were sampled before exposure, after the last bleaching, and in the morning after exposure to measure inflammatory markers.

Results

Exposure to persulfate was higher when using RP compared to DFP, 22 (11‐55) vs. 12 (813) μg/m3; median (min‐max). Exposure to ammonia did not differ between the groups. Both groups reported an increase in asthma‐like symptoms and this increase was significant. Neutrophils, lymphocytes, and monocytes increased after exposure in both groups; monocytes decreased the day after. In nasal lavage, IL‐8 was increased the morning after for both types of powder, and the increase was significant in the total group. IL‐6 increased immediately after exposure and the day after only in the group using RP.

Conclusions

Although DFP powder emits lower levels of persulfate, effects are still elicited in symptomatic hairdressers.
Continuous Suzuki-Miyaura Reactions with Novel Ce-Sn-Pd Oxides and Integrated Crystallization as Continuous Downstream Protocol
Authors: Lichtenegger Georg J. , Maier Manuel , Khinast Johannes G. , Gruber-Wölfler Heidrun
Published: August 2016

An integrated process including continuous-flow syntheses directly coupled to product isolation via continuous crystallization is presented. For the synthesis part, Ce0.495Sn0.495Pd0.01O2-δ was used as heterogeneous catalyst in a custom-made packed-bed reactor (the so-called “Plug and Play” reactor) for continuous Suzuki-Miyaura crosscouplings of various para- and ortho-substituted bromoarenes with phenylboronic acid using environmentally friendly aqueous ethanolic mixtures as reaction solvents. The reactions were stable for up to 30 h without any detectable catalyst deactivation. The desired biaryl products were obtained in gram scale with good to excellent yields and high selectivity. For three methyl-, ketyl-, and nitrile-functionalized biphenyl products, isolation was done using water as antisolvent in an integrated crystallization process as continuous downstream protocol. The desired products could be isolated with high purity and with yields of up to 95% for the overall process.
Phytochemical Screening and Acute Toxicity of Aqueous Extract of Leaves of Conocarpus erectus Linnaeus in Swiss Albino Mice
Authors: NASCIMENTO DAYANE K.D. , SOUZA IVONE A. DE , OLIVEIRA ANTÔNIO F.M. DE , BARBOSA MARIANA O. , SANTANA MARLLON A.N. , PEREIRA JÚNIOR DANIEL F. , LIRA EDUARDO C. , VIEIRA JEYMESSON R.C.
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACT Mangroves represent areas of high biological productivity and it is a region rich in bioactive substances used in medicine production. Conocarpus erectus (Combretaceae) known as button mangrove is one of the species found in mangroves and it is used in folk medicine in the treatment of anemia, catarrh, conjunctivitis, diabetes, diarrhea, fever, gonorrhea, headache, hemorrhage, orchitis, rash, bumps and syphilis. The present study aimed to investigate the acute toxicity of aqueous extract of leaves of C. erectus in Swiss albino mice. The plant material was collected in Vila Velha mangroves, located in Itamaracá (PE). The material was subjected to a phytochemical screening where extractive protocols to identify majority molecules present in leaves were used. The evaluation of acute toxicity of aqueous extract of C. erectus followed the model of Acute Toxicity Class based on OECD 423 Guideline, 2001. The majority molecules were identified: flavonoids, tannins and saponins. The LD50 was estimated at 2,000 mg/kg bw. Therefore, the aqueous extract showed low acute toxicity classified in category 5.
Neuroprotective effect of Portulaca oleracea extracts against 6-hydroxydopamine-induced lesion of dopaminergic neurons
Authors: MARTINS WALESKA B. , RODRIGUES SHEYLA A. , SILVA HATAMY K. , DANTAS CAMILA G. , JÚNIOR WALDECY DE LUCCA , FILHO LAURO XAVIER , CARDOSO JULIANA C. , GOMES MARGARETE Z.
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACT The Portulaca oleracea L. (Portulacaceae) is a cosmopolitan species with a wide range of biological activities, including antioxidant and neuroprotective actions. We investigated the effects of P. oleracea extracts in a 6-hydroxydopamine rat model of Parkinson's disease, a debilitating disorder without effective treatments. Chemical profiles of aqueous and ethanolic extracts of whole plant were analyzed by thin layer chromatography and the antioxidant activity was assessed by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrilhidrazila method. Male Wistar rats received intrastriatal 6-hydroxydopamine and were treated with vehicle or extracts (oral, 200 and 400 mg/kg) daily for two weeks. The behavioral open field test was conducted at days 1 and 15. Immunohistochemical analysis was performed 4 weeks after surgery to quantify tyrosine-hydroxylase cell counts in the substantia nigra pars compacta. Extracts presented antioxidant activity in concentrations above 300 µg/kg. The chromatographic analysis revealed the presence of Levodopa, alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, tannins, terpenoids and polysaccharides. Both extracts improved motor recovery 15 days after lesion and protected from tyrosine-hydroxylase cell loss after 4 weeks, but these effects were more evident for the aqueous extract. Because the dopamine precursor is present, in addition to antioxidant compounds and neuroprotective effects, P. oleracea can be considered as potential strategy for treating Parkinson's disease.
Práticas em saúde: ótica do idoso negro em uma comunidade de terreiro
Authors: Farias Katia Peres , Crossetti Maria da Graça Oliveira , Góes Marta Georgina Oliveira de , Portella Vera Catarina
Published: August 2016

RESUMO Objetivo: compreender as práticas de saúde na ótica do idoso negro em uma comunidade de terreiro. Método: estudo qualitativo, descritivo, sob o referencial do paradigma civilizatório negro-africano constituído pelo complexo cultural negro-africano e pelos elementos estruturantes da cosmovisão africana. Realizadas entrevistas semiestruturadas, de julho a setembro de 2013, com seis idosos negros que pertenciam a uma comunidade de terreiro em Porto Alegre, RS. Resultados: da análise de conteúdo temática emergiram as categorias: Ancestralidade; O caminho para saber e fazer saúde; Saberes e práticas em saúde na comunidade de terreiro; e Complementaridade: fazer saúde no terreiro e medicina tradicional e suas respectivas subcategorias. Conclusão: compreendeu-se a importância dos saberes e práticas das tradições de matriz africana no modo de viver e na forma de produção de saúde sob a ótica do idoso negro o que contribui para o planejamento e intervenções de enfermagem adequadas às necessidades dessa população idosa.
Os cuidados de enfermagem na percepção da criança hospitalizada
Authors: Santos Priscila Mattos dos , Silva Liliane Faria da , Depianti Jéssica Renata Bastos , Cursino Emília Gallindo , Ribeiro Circéa Amália
Published: August 2016

RESUMO Objetivo: descrever a percepção da criança hospitalizada, em idade escolar, acerca dos cuidados de enfermagem e compreender quais são, sob sua perspectiva, as melhores formas de abordá-la para a realização desses cuidados. Método: pesquisa qualitativa, descritiva, exploratória, que utilizou as concepções de Vygotsky como referencial teórico. A coleta de dados deu-se com a entrevista mediada por desenho e foi realizada com dez crianças em idade escolar, sendo a entrevista transcrita e submetida à análise temática. Resultados: sinalizaram para a importância do brincar durante a hospitalização, da abordagem cordial e carinhosa e das explicações quanto aos procedimentos realizados. Conclusão: os profissionais de enfermagem precisam levar em consideração a forma como as crianças gostariam de receber os cuidados de modo que suas singularidades sejam respeitadas, caracterizando as ações de enfermagem segundo uma perspectiva de ser humano integral.
Relato de experiência da atuação do nutricionista em Residência Multiprofissional em Saúde
Authors: ALVES Claudia Cristina , NETTO Maria Carolina , SOUSA Ana Paula Geraldo de , DEVINCENZI Macarena Urrestarazu
Published: August 2016

RESUMO Residências Multiprofissionais em Saúde constituem uma estratégia de formação de recursos humanos para o Sistema Único de Saúde. Ainda que sejam implementadas as necessárias mudanças curriculares nas graduações em saúde, há que se considerar essa modalidade como uma oportunidade de educação permanente. O presente artigo propõe apresentar um relato de experiência da atuação de nutricionistas em um Programa de Residência Multiprofissional em Saúde, enfatizando as potencialidades e os desafios de um fazer coletivo em equipe multiprofissional tanto no âmbito da atenção primária quanto no da atenção terciária à saúde, nas linhas de cuidado do adulto e do idoso, da mulher e do recém-nascido, da criança e na saúde mental. A elevada carga horária, a diversidade de cenários e a complexidade das situações vivenciadas na Residência preparam o profissional para os desafios de sua futura atuação no Sistema Único de Saúde.
DIMENSÕES DISCURSIVAS E LINGUÍSTICAS NO CAMPO DO ENSINO DA LÍNGUA PORTUGUESA - NOTAS DE UMA PRÁTICA DOCENTE
Authors: Bortolotto Nelita , Guimarães Joice Eloi
Published: August 2016

Resumo Neste texto discute-se a relação entre dimensões discursivas e linguísticas pela análise da prática pedagógica de uma professora que aderiu à metodologia do Programa Olimpíada da Língua Portuguesa - Escrevendo o Futuro (OLP). Alicerçada na teoria dialógica da linguagem (Bakhtin e seu Círculo), essa metodologia toma como base o trabalho com os gêneros do discurso, razão por que esses pressupostos teóricos fundamentam a análise. Destaca-se assim que, no desenvolvimento do trabalho, a professora procurou levar em conta a linguagem em sua complexidade, abarcando sua dimensão histórica, social e dialógica, buscando a ultrapassagem da metodologia assentada na visão de língua como sistema. No entanto, a professora vivenciou o confronto entre o dado e o novo, entre o linguístico e o discursivo, tendendo ainda sua prática para a dimensão linguística. Mesmo assim, os resultados permitem afirmar que essa metodologia traduz um novo caminhar rumo à conquista progressiva da autonomia discursiva.
Exposure to Domestic and Community Violence and Subjective Well-Being in Adolescents
Authors: Silva Doralúcia Gil da , Dell'Aglio Débora Dalbosco
Published: August 2016

Abstract There is major exposure to domestic and community violence during adolescence, which has been negatively related to well-being. This work aimed to identify relationships between domestic and community violence and the levels of subjective well-being perceived by adolescents, considering sex and age. The participants were 426 adolescents from public schools in the south of Brazil; 62% were girls, with a mean age of 14.91 years old ( SD = 1.65), who answered one instrument about exposure to violence and another about well-being. Results indicated greater domestic violence exposure among girls and greater community exposure among boys. The age range from 16 to 18 years old was the most exposed to domestic violence. Boys reported greater well-being and less negative affect. Differences in violence exposure may be related to roles of gender in our society. Well-being promotion is highlighted as a resource for confronting violence among adolescents.
Efeitos da perda auditiva e da cognição no reconhecimento de sentenças
Authors: Bruckmann Mirtes , Pinheiro Maria Madalena Canina
Published: August 2016

RESUMO Objetivo Avaliar os efeitos da perda auditiva e da cognição no reconhecimento de sentenças em idosos. Métodos Participaram do estudo 30 idosos distribuídos em dois grupos: GI- composto por 17 idosos sem perda auditiva e GII- composto por 13 idosos com perda auditiva de grau leve. Para avaliar a cognição, foi aplicado o Mini Exame do Estado Mental (MEEM) e, para analisar os efeitos auditivos, foi realizado o teste Listas de Sentenças em Português (LSP), no qual foi pesquisado o Limiar de Reconhecimento de Sentenças no Silêncio (LRSS) e a relação sinal/ruído (S/R). Resultados No MEEM, houve um percentual maior de indivíduos com alteração no GI do que no GII. Tanto no LRSS quanto na relação S/R, o GI apresentou menores limiares do que o GII em ambas as orelhas. Em relação aos aspectos cognitivos, não houve diferença estatisticamente significante entre o grupo normal e alterado no MEEM com o LRSS e relação S/R dos grupos GI e GII de ambas as orelhas. Conclusão A perda auditiva de grau leve exerceu influência no reconhecimento de sentenças no silêncio e no ruído. Já os aspectos cognitivos não interferiram no reconhecimento de fala tanto no silêncio quanto no ruído.
Executive cognitive tests for the evaluation of patients with Parkinson's disease
Authors: Sobreira Emmanuelle Silva Tavares , Pena Marina Ceres Silva , Silva Filho José Humberto , Souza Carolina Pinto , Oliveira Guiomar Nascimento , Tumas Vitor , Vale Francisco de Assis Carvalho do
Published: August 2016

Abstract Parkinson's disease (PD) is characterized by changes in movement, which are later followed by cognitive, behavioral and psychological changes. The objective of the present study was to correlate different tests used to examine executive functions in PD patients followed at a specialized outpatient clinic. Methods: Thirty-five patients with idiopathic PD aged 63.0 years on average and with mean schooling of 5.5±4.2 years, were examined using the following tests: Mattis Dementia Rating Scale (MDRS), Scales for Outcomes of Parkinson's Disease-Cognition (SCOPA-COG), Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST), Frontal Assessment Battery (FAB), Digit Span - Inverse Order (IO) (a subtest of the WAIS III) and Verbal Fluency Test (category animals). Results: Significant correlations were detected between FAB and MDRS Conceptualization (0.814), MDRS Initiation/Perseveration (I/P) and SCOPA-COG Executive Function (0.643), FAB and MDRS I/P (0.601), FAB and Verbal Fluency (0.602), MDRS I/P and MDRS Conceptualization (0.558), Verbal Fluency and MDRS I/P (0.529), MDRS Attention and SCOPA-COG Executive Function (0.495), MDRS Conceptualization and SCOPA-COG Executive Function (0.520), FAB and Digit Span (OI) (0.503), Verbal Fluency and MDRS Conceptualization (0.501), and WCST perseverative errors and FAB (-0.379), WCST perseverative errors and MDRS Conceptualization (0.445), WCST perseverative errors and MDRS I/P (-0.407) and WCST categories completed and MDRS Conceptualization (0.382). Discussion: The results demonstrated strong correlations between most of the tests applied, but no associations were detected between the WCST and the other tests, a fact that may be explained by the heterogeneity of scores obtained in the tests by the patients evaluated. A difficulty of the present study was the lack of a control groups for the establishment of adequate standards for this population.
Neuropsychological differences between frontotemporal lobar degeneration and Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Porto Claudia Sellitto , Bahia Valeria Santoro , Brucki Sonia Maria Dozzi , Caramelli Paulo , Nitrini Ricardo
Published: August 2016

Abstract Memory impairment is the main clinical feature in Alzheimer disease (AD), whereas in frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD) behavioral and language disorders predominate. Objectives: To investigate possible differences between the neuropsychological performance in FTLD and AD. Methods: Fifty-six AD patients (mean age=72.98±7.43; mean schooling=9.62±4.68; 35 women and 21 men), 17 FTLD patients (mean age=67.64±7.93; mean schooling=12.12±4.77; 9 women and 8 men), and 60 controls (mean age=68.90±7.48; mean schooling=10.72±4.74; 42 women and 18 men) were submitted to a Dementia Rating Scale (DRS) and a comprehensive neuropsychological evaluation composed of tasks assessing attention, visuoperceptual abilities, constructive abilities, executive functions, memory and language. Results: DRS total score and subscales were not able to differentiate FTLD from AD patients. However, FTLD and AD patients showed statistically significant differences in performance in tests of verbal (Logical Memory, Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test) and visual (Visual Reproduction, recall of the Rey Complex Figure) episodic memory, verbal immediate memory (Logical Memory), attention with interference (Trail Making Test - Part B), verbal fluency (semantic and phonemic) and concept formation (WCST). Conclusion: Contrary to expectations, only a few tasks executive function tasks (Trail Making Test - Part B, F.A.S. and WCST) and two memory tests (verbal and visual episodic memory tests) were able to differentiate between FTLD and AD patients.
Applicability of a cognitive questionnaire in the elderly and proxy
Authors: Fegyveres Renata Areza , Formigoni Ana Paula , Porto Cláudia Sellitto , Goulart Maria Teresa Carthery , Senaha Mirna Lie Hosogi , Brucki Sonia Maria Dozzi , Bahia Valéria Santoro , Caramelli Paulo , Smid Jerusa , Nogueira Neuma D´Ávila Pinto , Greven Sandra Maria Garaude , Mansur Letícia Lessa , Nitrini Ricardo
Published: August 2016

Abstract The Informant Questionnaire on Cognitive Decline in the Elderly with the Proxy (IQCODE) was developed as a screening tool for cognition alterations. Objectives: 1) To verify the applicability of IQCODE in the elderly with limited schooling, 2) To verify the reliability of the responses supplied by the aged and their proxies. Methods: Individuals of a Community Group were evaluated using the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), IQCODE and Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS). The IQCODE was applied to informants and proxies. Results: We analyzed 44 individuals, aged between 58-82 years (M=66.8, SD=5.97) with mean elderly-schooling level of 3.75, SD=2.82 and 44 proxies aged 44.5 (SD=13.3), with mean schooling level of 8.25 (SD=4.3). The mean GDS was 8.22, SD=4.90 and 13 participants presented a score suggestive of depressive symptoms. The mean elderly IQCODE score was 3.26, SD=0.69 and 3.21, SD=0.65, for proxy responses. There was no statistical difference between these means. On the MMSE, the mean score was 24.20, SD=4.14 and 18 participants presented scores below the cut-off. The IQCODE answers by the elderly in this latter group were more congruent with MMSE than the answers of proxies. Conclusions: The applicability of the IQCODE in a population with little schooling was verified in that the proxy-report was similar to the elderly report. We can affirm that the elderly answers were more accurate than the proxies, as they were closer to MMSE score. The inclusion of a greater number of participants from community-dwelling settings is necessary to confirm the results obtained in this study.
Testosterone profile in older men with Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Dusi Cristiana Roscito Arenella , Morillo Lílian Schafirovits , Magaldi Regina Miksian , Machado Adriana Nunes , Liberman Sami , Jacob Filho Wilson
Published: August 2016

Abstract Evidence suggests low testosterone levels in Alzheimer's disease. Objectives: To compare testosterone levels between older men with and without Alzheimer's disease. Methods: Fourteen men with Alzheimer's disease were compared with twenty eight men without dementia. Demographic variables and clinical profiles were analyzed. Within fifteen days before or after the described evaluation, measures of total testosterone and Sex Hormone Binding Globulin (SHBG) were performed. Free testosterone level was calculated based on total testosterone and SHBG. Quantitative variables were analyzed using Student's t test or Kruskal-Wallis test, while qualitative variables were analyzed using chi-square or Fisher test. Results: Mean age in the Control and Alzheimer's disease groups were 72.0 (SD±4.8) years and 79.3(SD±5.9) years, respectively (p=0.001). Mean schooling between these two groups were 8.78 and (±5.86) years, respectively (p=0.022). There were no statistically significant differences between the two groups for testosterone levels, although a trend was observed for the Alzheimer's disease group to present lower levels than the control group (p=0.066). There was no direct correlation between free testosterone and age, although a trend was evident (p=0.068). Conclusions: There was no significant difference in testosterone between men with AD and those without dementia.
Short IQCODE as a screening tool for MCI and dementia: preliminary results
Authors: Perroco Tíbor Rilho , Damin Antonio Eduardo , Frota Norberto A. , Silva Mari-Nilva M. , Rossi Viviane , Nitrini Ricardo , Bottino Cássio M.C.
Published: August 2016

Abstract Reaching a diagnosis may be difficult in the initial stages of dementia, especially in low educated individuals, when informant reports may be useful. Objectives: To compare the sensitivity and specificity of the IQCODE against cognitive tests applied in clinical practice and to evaluate the possible cut-off points in Brazil. Methods: Individuals without dementia (CDR=0; N=5), with Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) (CDR=0.5; N=15) and demented (CDR³1; N=29) were evaluated using the Short IQCODE, a 16-item questionnaire applied to an informant, and on standard cognitive and functional scales. Diagnosis was reached by a consensus team with expertise in dementia, according to DSM-IV criteria, which was blind to the IQCODE results. Results: IQCODE scores were positively correlated to the CDR (r=0.65, p<0.001) and negatively correlated with years of schooling (r= -0.33, p=0.021). IQCODE scores were positively correlated with CDR controlled by age and education (r=0.61, p<0.001). Linear regression showed that age was associated with the IQCODE (p=0.016) whereas education was not associated (p=0.078). IQCODE means according to the CDR classification were: CDR 0-3.37; CDR 0.5-3.75; CDR 1-4.32; CDR 2-4.61; CDR 3-5.00. The area under the ROC curve for dementia vs. controls was 0.869 (p<0.001), MCI vs. controls, 0.821 (p<0.001); and according to the groups classified by the CDR was: CDR 0.5 vs. CDR 1=0.649 (p=0.089), CDR 1 vs. CDR 2=0.779 (p=0.009), and CDR 2 vs. CDR 3=0.979 (p=0.023). Conclusions: These preliminary findings suggest that the short IQCODE can be used for the screening of MCI and dementia in Brazil.
Safety assessment and behavioral effects of Solanum guaraniticum leaf extract in rats
Authors: Bonfanti Gabriela , Bitencourt Paula Eliete Rodrigues , Bona Karine Santos De , Peroza Luis Ricardo , Cargnelutti Lariane Oliveira , Borges Raphaela Maleski , Pigatto Aline Grohe Schirmer , Fachinetto Roselei , Boligon Aline Augusti , Athayde Margareth Linde , Gonçalves Thissiane de Lima , Moretto Maria Beatriz
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACT Solanum guaraniticum is a medicinal plant traditionally used to treat gastric and liver diseases. However, there is no documented evidence corroborating its safety. The present study evaluated the potential toxicity of S. guaraniticum leaf extract after acute administration in rats. Single doses of the extract (1.250, 2.500, and 5.000 mg/kg) were administered by gavage, and the rats were then monitored for 48 h and/or 14 days. Mortality, acute signs of toxicity, and general activity in the open field test were assessed as well as hematological and biochemical parameters, enzymatic activity (δ-aminolevulinate dehydratase and acetylcholinesterase), and oxidative stress parameters (lipid peroxidation level, non-protein thiol content, tissue catalase activity, and serum ferrous reducing power). Phytochemical analysis was also performed by HPLC. The results showed that extract administration produced no deaths (LD50 > 5,000 mg/kg), and no significant adverse effects regarding food consumption, body weight gain, gross pathology, or other parameters. However, the open field tests showed a decrease in spontaneous activity (crossing and rearing) mainly at 48 h after treatment. The results suggest that S. guaraniticum extract is not acutely toxic, but causes alterations in central nervous system activity.
Synthesis of some novel enzyme inhibitors and antibacterial agents derived from 5-(1-(4-tosyl)piperidin-4-yl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-thiol
Authors: Sattar Almas , Aziz-ur-Rehman  , Abbasi Muhammad Athar , Siddiqui Sabahat Zahra , Rasool Shahid , Ahmad Irshad
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACT Keeping in mind the pharmacological importance of the 1,3,4-oxadiazole moiety, a series of new S-substituted derivatives, 5a-h, of 5-(1-(4-tosyl)piperidin-4-yl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-thiol (3) were synthesized. The reaction of p-toluenesulfonyl chloride (a) and ethyl isonipecotate (b) produced ethyl 1-(4-tosyl)piperidin-4-carboxylate (1) which was further transformed into 1-(4-tosyl)piperidin-4-carbohydrazide (2) by hydrazine hydrate in methanol. Compound 2 was refluxed with CS2 in the presence of KOH to synthesize 5-(1-(4-tosyl)piperidin-4-yl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-thiol (3). The desired compounds, 5a-h, were synthesized by stirring 3 with aralkyl halides, 4a-h, in DMF using NaH as an activator. The structures of synthesized compounds were elucidated by 1H-NMR, IR and EI-MS spectral studies. These compounds were further evaluated for enzyme inhibitory activity against lipoxygenase and alpha-glucosidase, along with antibacterial activity against Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria.
Balneotherapy is a potential risk factor for Pseudomonas aeruginosa colonization
Authors: Deutsch Gabriela , Bokehi Luciana Castilho , Silva Ana Elisa Gonçalves Pereira Rodrigues , Guimarães Junior Luiz Macieira , Rodrigues Rogério , Esper Luciana Maria Ramires , Gonzalez Alice Gonçalves Martins , Paula Geraldo Renato de , Castilho Selma Rodrigues de , Teixeira Lenise Arneiro
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACT The practice of immersion in burn patient has been abandoned in many parts of the world but in Brazil it is still common. The aim of this study was to ascertain if balneotherapy is a risk factor for Pseudomonas aeruginosa colonization in thermally injured patients. Eighteen patients from a Burn Center were studied for 14 weeks for Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Samples were collected by swabbing the exudate of wounds, before and after giving bath to the patients and from balneotherapy table. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis was used to determine bacterial genetic relatedness. Thirty-seven P. aeruginosa isolates were detected from 292 swabs collected from patients' burn surface area and from the balneotherapy table. Profile analysis of P. aeruginosa DNA fragmentation showed 10 clones among the 37 strains analyzed. Type A is the most prevalent clone, with 23 strains distributed into eight subtypes. These were present in the swabs collected, before and after the patients' bath, from the surface of the bath table, suggesting that there was cross-contamination between the patients in different ways. This work demonstrates that balneotherapy is a risk factor in the Burn Center studied, because the same clone was found among P. aeruginosa isolates collected at various points and times.
Prevalence and risk of potentially adverse drug interactions in the treatment of acute alcohol poisoning
Authors: Andrade Joyce Dalline Silva , Rocha Chiara Erminia , Maciel Maria Amélia Vieira , Santana Danielle Cristine Almeida Silva de , Santana Fernando José Malagueño de
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACT The aim of this paper is to determine the profile of acute alcohol poisoning and to estimate the risk of potentially adverse drug interactions (ADIs) in patients intoxicated by alcohol when attended in emergency care at hospital. A descriptive serial cross-sectional study was performed with 4,271 individuals intoxicated by alcohol, from January 2009 to July 2011. Possible correlations were measured by Pearson's chi-square test. The data show high consumption in the population, especially in males between 25 and 59 years. The main circumstances for poisoning were alcohol misuse (96.3%). After treatment complete recovery from the signs or symptoms of the poisoning was observed in 96.88% cases; and death in 0.70%. The demonstration of potential risk for ADIs in medical care included 300 medical records which contained a history of acute alcohol poisoning. Possible drug-drug interactions (44.2%) and drug-alcohol interactions (55.8%) were demonstrated in 60.60% of analyzed medical records. Among these cases, 3%, 92.4% and 4.6% were classified as mild, moderate and severe, respectively. The measurement of ADIs aims to prevent clinical complications in medical care for alcohol misuse disorders.
Liquid crystalline systems containing Vitamin E TPGS for the controlled transdermal nicotine delivery
Authors: Borgheti-Cardoso Lívia Neves , Vicentini Fabiana Testa Moura de Carvalho , Gratieri Tais , Bentley Maria Vitória Lopes Badra
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACT Transdermal nicotine patches have been used in smoking cessation therapy, suggested for the treatment of skin disorders with eosinophilic infiltration and have been found to improve attention performance in patients with Alzheimer's disease and age-associated memory impairment. However, skin irritation with extended patch use is still a problem. The aim of this work was to develop a simple to prepare liquid crystalline system containing vitamin E TPGS that would be able to control nicotine delivery and reduce irritation and sensitization problems. The liquid crystalline phases were macroscopically characterized by visual analysis and examined microscopically under a polarized light microscope. Topical and transdermal delivery of nicotine were investigated in vitro using porcine ear skin mounted on a Franz diffusion cell. Nicotine skin permeation from the developed cubic phase followed zero-order kinetics (r = 0.993) and was significantly enhanced after 12 h when compared to the control formulation (nicotine solution) (p < 0.05) (138.86 ± 20.44 and 64.91 ± 4.06 μg/cm2, respectively). Cubic phase was also able to target viable skin layers in comparison to control solution (8.18 ± 1.89 and 2.63 ± 2.51 μg/cm2, respectively). Further studies to evaluate skin sensitization and irritation are now necessary.
O PROCEDIMENTO DE MANUTENÇÃO DE LIBERDADE NO BRASIL OITOCENTISTA
Authors: Paes Mariana Armond Dias
Published: August 2016

Resumo No Brasil oitocentista, o significado social do "viver sobre si", ao chegar aos tribunais, era traduzido em termos jurídicos. Assim, conflitos sociais adquiriam uma linguagem jurídica delimitada pela teoria possessória. Porém, apesar do "viver sobre si" ter sido invocado desde pelo menos o século XVIII, a análise de 270 processos evidencia que as ações de manutenção de liberdade surgiram, como procedimento judicial específico, a partir de 1840. Tais procedimentos tiveram seus contornos desenhados na prática judicial, e sua construção vinculou-se a um contexto mais geral de "modernização" institucional e jurídica.
DIREITO, CIÊNCIA DO SOCIAL: O LUGAR DOS JURISTAS NOS DEBATES DO BRASIL DOS ANOS 1930 E 1940
Authors: Silveira Mariana de Moraes
Published: August 2016

Resumo Este artigo analisa o lugar dos juristas nos debates do Brasil dos anos 1930 e 1940. A partir do estudo das revistas Forense e Cultura Política, argumentamos que aproximações em torno de temas como a hostilidade ao parlamento, a busca por um conhecimento objetivo da sociedade, projetos de reformas legislativas e a chamada "socialização do direito" permitiram que o governo Vargas e os bacharéis em direito tecessem laços bastante estreitos. No início da década de 1940, entretanto, essas relações se tornaram mais tensas, e muitos juristas passaram a endossar a oposição liberal ao Estado Novo.
Long-Term Responders After Brentuximab Vedotin: Single-Center Experience on Relapsed and Refractory Hodgkin Lymphoma and Anaplastic Large Cell Lymphoma Patients
Authors: Gandolfi Letizia , Pellegrini Cinzia , Casadei Beatrice , Stefoni Vittorio , Broccoli Alessandro , Tonialini Lorenzo , Morigi Alice , Argnani Lisa , Zinzani Pier Luigi
Published: August 2016

Background.

Brentuximab vedotin (BV) has shown high overall response rate in refractory/relapsed Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) and systemic anaplastic large cell lymphoma (sALCL) with reported long-term response duration in clinical trials, but few data are available regarding its role in long-term outcomes in real life.

Patients and Methods.

A single-center observational study was conducted on patients treated with BV in daily clinical practice to evaluate the long-term effectiveness of BV in HL and sALCL patients and to check whether clinical trial results are confirmed in a real-life context.

Results.

The best response rate in the treated 53 patients (43 HL and 10 sALCL) was 69.8% (with 46.5% complete response [CR]) in HL and 100% (80% CR) for sALCL, respectively. With a median patient follow-up of 36.8 months, the estimated median duration of response was 31.5 months for HL and 17.8 for sALCL, respectively. At the latest available follow-up, 75% of patients were still in response, with 43% without any consolidation. Toxicity was primarily neurological and it was rarely so serious to require dose reduction or interruption. In addition, it always reversed completely after the end of treatment.

Conclusion.

Our data showed that 51% of patients treated with BV can be regarded as “long-term responders.” Among these cases, for all patients who underwent stem cell transplantation immediately after BV, the procedure was consolidative. For patients who have remained in continuous CR without any consolidation after therapy, BV can induce prolonged disease control.