bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The geotouristic potential of the scenic underground routes in the “Wieliczka” and “Bochnia” Salt Mines (Carpathian Foredeep)
Authors: Dzięgiel Maciej
Published: July 2023

In this article, five scenic underground routes of historical salt mines in Wieliczka and Bochnia towns were the subject of comparative research, considered as very essential examples of geotouristic potential. In the “Wieliczka” Salt Mine, there are Touristic and Miners’ Routes, and in the “Bochnia” mine, there is a Multimedia Touristic route, as well as two Miners’: Natural and Historical ones.The routes lead through the parts of old mines. These salt deposits are a part of the Miocene evaporitic formations, as a fragment of the Carpathian Foredeep. A comparative geotouristic potential evaluation of all these routes was made to meet tourists’, educators’ and investors’ expectations and needs to raise their geotouristic development level. The statistical data of the annual number of visitors for the last few years at the described routes were also discussed. In general, interest in these routes has been growing, as the popularity of the industrial heritage in the “Wieliczka” and “Bochnia” Salt Mines has been regularly developing. They have become very widely known in Poland and around the world.
A nanomagnets majority logic gate based on heterogeneous multiferroic structure global strain clock
Authors: Dou Shu-Qing , Yang Xiao-Kuo , Xia Yong-Shun , Yuan Jia-Hui , Cui Huan-Qing , Wei Bo , Bai Xin , Feng Chao-Wen ,   Fundamentals Department, Air Force Engineering University, Xi’an 710051, China,   College of Artificial Intelligence, Chongqing Technology and Business University, Chongqing 400067, China
Published: July 2023

In the post-Moore era, nanomagnetic logic circuits have shown great potential to replace complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) circuits. A majority logic gate, as the core of a nanomagnetic logic circuit, is equivalent to the inverter in the CMOS circuit. A nanomagnetic logic majority gate generally has four nanomagnets arranged in a “T” shape. The nanomagnets in the three corners of the “T” (I1, I2, I3) are the three inputs, and the middle nanomagnet is the output (O).

This paper proposes a nanomagnet majority logic gate based on the global strain clock of heterogeneous multiferroic structure, by utilizing the difference in response to the same strain between positive magnetostrictive coefficient material (Terfenol-D) and negative magnetostrictive coefficient material (Ni). From bottom to top, the device is mainly composed of a silicon substrate, a piezoelectric layer, and four elliptical cylindrical nanomagnets. PMN-PT is used as the piezoelectric layer’s material, and three Ni-based nanomagnets (I1, I2, and I3) are utilized as input, while Terfenol-D is used as the material for the output nanomagnet (O).

Besides, a two-step calculation mode of “high-stress start-low-stress calculation” is designed, that is, the O is first switched to the “Null” with a stress of –30 MPa, and then the stress decreases to –15 MPa, so that the O can realize majority calculation under the coupling of I1, I2, and I3. The micromagnetic simulation software MuMax3 is adopted to simulate the performance of the device. The results reveal that the device can successfully perform continuous majority calculation through any three-terminal input combination. By using the two-step calculation mode, the calculation accuracy of the device can reach 100%, its cycle of continuous calculation is 2.75 ns, and the cycle energy consumption is about 64 aJ. It is found that the change of energy potential well, caused by the change of stress anisotropy energy and dipole coupling energy, is the main reason that determines the magnetization dynamic behavior of the device. Therefore, the results of this paper can provide important guidance for designing nanomagnetic logic circuits.
Determining growth rates from bright-field images of budding cells through identifying overlaps
Authors: Pietsch Julian MJ , Muñoz Alán F , Adjavon Diane-Yayra A , Farquhar Iseabail , Clark Ivan BN , Swain Peter S
Published: July 2023

Much of biochemical regulation ultimately controls growth rate, particularly in microbes. Although time-lapse microscopy visualises cells, determining their growth rates is challenging, particularly for those that divide asymmetrically, like Saccharomyces cerevisiae, because cells often overlap in images. Here, we present the Birth Annotator for Budding Yeast (BABY), an algorithm to determine single-cell growth rates from label-free images. Using a convolutional neural network, BABY resolves overlaps through separating cells by size and assigns buds to mothers by identifying bud necks. BABY uses machine learning to track cells and determine lineages and estimates growth rates as the rates of change of volumes. Using BABY and a microfluidic device, we show that bud growth is likely first sizer- then timer-controlled, that the nuclear concentration of Sfp1, a regulator of ribosome biogenesis, varies before the growth rate does, and that growth rate can be used for real-time control. By estimating single-cell growth rates and so fitness, BABY should generate much biological insight.
Functional and microstructural plasticity following social and interoceptive mental training
Authors: Valk Sofie Louise , Kanske Philipp , Park Bo-yong , Hong Seok-Jun , Böckler Anne , Trautwein Fynn-Mathis , Bernhardt Boris C , Singer Tania
Published: July 2023

The human brain supports social cognitive functions, including Theory of Mind, empathy, and compassion, through its intrinsic hierarchical organization. However, it remains unclear how the learning and refinement of social skills shapes brain function and structure. We studied if different types of social mental training induce changes in cortical function and microstructure, investigating 332 healthy adults (197 women, 20–55 years) with repeated multimodal neuroimaging and behavioral testing. Our neuroimaging approach examined longitudinal changes in cortical functional gradients and myelin-sensitive T1 relaxometry, two complementary measures of cortical hierarchical organization. We observed marked changes in intrinsic cortical function and microstructure, which varied as a function of social training content. In particular, cortical function and microstructure changed as a result of attention-mindfulness and socio-cognitive training in regions functionally associated with attention and interoception, including insular and parietal cortices. Conversely, socio-affective and socio-cognitive training resulted in differential microstructural changes in regions classically implicated in interoceptive and emotional processing, including insular and orbitofrontal areas, but did not result in functional reorganization. Notably, longitudinal changes in cortical function and microstructure predicted behavioral change in attention, compassion and perspective-taking. Our work demonstrates functional and microstructural plasticity after the training of social-interoceptive functions, and illustrates the bidirectional relationship between brain organisation and human social skills.
ARID1A governs the silencing of sex-linked transcription during male meiosis in the mouse
Authors: Menon Debashish U , Chakraborty Prabuddha , Murcia Noel , Magnuson Terry
Published: July 2023

We present evidence implicating the BAF (BRG1/BRM Associated Factor) chromatin remodeler in meiotic sex chromosome inactivation (MSCI). By immunofluorescence (IF), the putative BAF DNA binding subunit, ARID1A (AT-rich Interaction Domain 1 a), appeared enriched on the male sex chromosomes during diplonema of meiosis I. Germ cells showing a Cre-induced loss of ARID1A arrested in pachynema and failed to repress sex-linked genes, indicating a defective MSCI. Mutant sex chromosomes displayed an abnormal presence of elongating RNA polymerase II coupled with an overall increase in chromatin accessibility detectable by ATAC-seq. We identified a role for ARID1A in promoting the preferential enrichment of the histone variant, H3.3, on the sex chromosomes, a known hallmark of MSCI. Without ARID1A, the sex chromosomes appeared depleted of H3.3 at levels resembling autosomes. Higher resolution analyses by CUT&RUN revealed shifts in sex-linked H3.3 associations from discrete intergenic sites and broader gene-body domains to promoters in response to the loss of ARID1A. Several sex-linked sites displayed ectopic H3.3 occupancy that did not co-localize with DMC1 (DNA meiotic recombinase 1). This observation suggests a requirement for ARID1A in DMC1 localization to the asynapsed sex chromatids. We conclude that ARID1A-directed H3.3 localization influences meiotic sex chromosome gene regulation and DNA repair.
ARID1A governs the silencing of sex-linked transcription during male meiosis in the mouse
Authors: Menon Debashish U. , Murcia Noel , Magnuson Terry
Published: July 2023

We present evidence implicating the BAF (BRG1/BRM Associated Factor) chromatin remodeler in meiotic sex chromosome inactivation (MSCI). By immunofluorescence (IF), the putative BAF DNA binding subunit, ARID1A (AT-rich Interaction Domain 1a), appeared enriched on the male sex chromosomes during diplonema of meiosis I. The germ cell-specific depletion of ARID1A resulted in a pachynema arrest and failure to repress sex-linked genes indicating a defective MSCI. Consistent with this defect, mutant sex chromosomes displayed an abnormal presence of elongating RNA polymerase II coupled with an overall increase in chromatin accessibility detectable by ATAC-seq. By investigating potential mechanisms underlying these anomalies, we identified a role for ARID1A in promoting the preferential enrichment of the histone variant, H3.3, on the sex chromosomes, a known hallmark of MSCI. Without ARID1A, the sex chromosomes appeared depleted of H3.3 at levels resembling autosomes. Higher resolution analyses by CUT&RUN revealed dramatic shifts in sex-linked H3.3 associations from discrete intergenic sites and broader gene-body domains to promoters in response to the loss of ARID1A. Several sex-linked sites displayed ectopic H3.3 occupancy that does not co-localize with DMC1 (DNA Meiotic Recombinase 1). This observation suggests a requirement for ARID1A in DMC1 localization to the asynapsed sex chromatids. We conclude that ARID1A-directed H3.3 localization influences sex chromosome gene regulation and DNA repair during meiosis I.
Combined transcranial magnetic stimulation and electroencephalography reveals alterations in cortical excitability during pain
Authors: Chowdhury Nahian Shahmat , Chiang Alan KI , Millard Samantha K , Skippen Patrick , Chang Wei-Ju , Seminowicz David A , Schabrun Siobhan M
Published: July 2023

Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) has been used to examine inhibitory and facilitatory circuits during experimental pain and in chronic pain populations. However, current applications of TMS to pain have been restricted to measurements of motor evoked potentials (MEPs) from peripheral muscles. Here, TMS was combined with electroencephalography (EEG) to determine whether experimental pain could induce alterations in cortical inhibitory/facilitatory activity observed in TMS-evoked potentials (TEPs). In Experiment 1 (n=29), multiple sustained thermal stimuli were administered to the forearm, with the first, second, and third block of thermal stimuli consisting of warm but non-painful (pre-pain block), painful (pain block) and warm but non-painful (post-pain block) temperatures, respectively. During each stimulus, TMS pulses were delivered while EEG (64 channels) was simultaneously recorded. Verbal pain ratings were collected between TMS pulses. Relative to pre-pain warm stimuli, painful stimuli led to an increase in the amplitude of the frontocentral negative peak ~45 ms post-TMS (N45), with a larger increase associated with higher pain ratings. Experiments 2 and 3 (n=10 in each) showed that the increase in the N45 in response to pain was not due to changes in sensory potentials associated with TMS, or a result of stronger reafferent muscle feedback during pain. This is the first study to use combined TMS-EEG to examine alterations in cortical excitability in response to pain. These results suggest that the N45 TEP peak, which indexes GABAergic neurotransmission, is implicated in pain perception and is a potential marker of individual differences in pain sensitivity.
Alterations in cortical excitability during pain: A combined TMS-EEG Study
Authors: Chowdhury Nahian S , Chiang Alan KI , Millard Samantha K , Skippen Patrick , Chang Wei-Ju , Seminowicz David A , Schabrun Siobhan M
Published: July 2023

Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) has been used to examine the inhibitory and facilitatory circuits during experimental pain and in chronic pain populations. However, current applications of TMS to pain have been restricted to measurements of motor evoked potentials (MEPs) from peripheral muscles. Here, TMS was combined with electroencephalography (EEG) to determine whether experimental pain could induce alterations in cortical inhibitory/facilitatory activity observed in TMS-evoked potentials (TEPs). In Experiment 1 (n = 29), multiple sustained thermal stimuli were administered over the forearm, with the first, second and third block of stimuli consisting of warm but non-painful (pre-pain block), painful heat (pain block) and warm but non-painful (post-pain block) temperatures respectively. During each stimulus, TMS pulses were delivered while EEG (64 channels) was simultaneously recorded. Verbal pain ratings were collected between TMS pulses. Relative to pre-pain warm stimuli, painful stimuli led to an increase in the amplitude of the frontocentral negative peak ∼45ms post-TMS (N45), with a larger increase associated with higher pain ratings. Experiments 2 and 3 (n = 10 in each) showed that the increase in the N45 in response to pain was not due to changes in sensory potentials associated with TMS, or a result of stronger reafferent muscle feedback during pain. This is the first study to use combined TMS-EEG to examine alterations in cortical excitability in response to pain. These results suggest that the N45 TEP peak, which indexes GABAergic neurotransmission, is implicated in pain perception and is a potential marker of individual differences in pain sensitivity.
Becoming less beige with age
Authors: Song Anying , Wang Qiong A
Published: July 2023

The production of beige adipocytes following cold exposure is blocked as mice get older and leads to changes in the expression of metabolic genes.
The postcranial anatomy of Gorgonops torvus (Synapsida, Gorgonopsia) from the late Permian of South Africa
Authors: Bendel Eva-Maria , Kammerer Christian F. , Smith Roger M. H. , Fröbisch Jörg
Published: July 2023

Gorgonopsians are among the most recognizable groups of synapsids from the Permian period and have an extensive but mostly cranial fossil record. By contrast, relatively little is known about their postcranial anatomy. Here, we describe a nearly complete, semi-articulated skeleton of a gorgonopsian (identified as Gorgonops torvus) from the late Permian Endothiodon Assemblage Zone of the South African Karoo Basin and discuss its paleobiological implications. Known gorgonopsian postcrania indicate morphological conservatism in the group, but the skeletal anatomy of Gorgonops does differ from that of other gorgonopsians in some respects, such as in the triangular radiale and short terminal phalanges in the manus, and a weakly developed distinction between pubis and ischium in ventral aspect of the pelvic girdle. Similarities between the specimen described herein and a historically problematic specimen originally referred to “Scymnognathus cf. whaitsi” confirm referral of the latter specimen to Gorgonops. Since descriptions of gorgonopsian postcrania are rare, new interpretations of the lifestyle and ecology of Gorgonopsia can be drawn from our contribution. We conclude that gorgonopsians were likely ambush predators, able to chase their prey over short distances and pin them down with strong forelimbs before using their canines for the kill. This is evidenced by their different fore- and hindlimb morphology; the former stouter and more robust in comparison to the longer, more gracile, back legs. Furthermore, the completeness of the study specimen facilitates calculation of an estimated body mass of approximately 98 kg, similar to that of a modern lioness.
Evaluations on Üveysname, Sabayî's mathnawi, which is wrongly attributed to Ziyaî
Authors: ATLANSOY Kadir
Published: July 2023

Bu yazının amacı, asıl adı Hayreddin olup Farsça şiirleri de bulunan XVI. yy. Edirneli divan şairi Sabayî’nin Üveysname mesnevîsini ana çizgileriyle ele almak ve İstanbul Büyükşehir Belediyesi Atatürk Kitaplığı Osman Ergin Türkçe Yazmaları
1473 numaralı Ziyaî’ye izafe edilen Üveysname nüshasının da Sabayî’ye aidiyetini belirlermektir. Zeynî Şeyh Vefa’nın müridi olup mısralarının vecizliği sebebiyle mesel-gû akımı içinde değerlendirilen Sabayî, Üveysî Feridüddin-i
Attar'ın nasihat geleneğinin önde gelen eseri Pendname'sini ilk defa nazmen tercüme etmesinin yanı sıra yine Attar'ın Tezkiretü'l-Evliya'sına sadık kalarak Veysel Karanî menkıbesini nazma çekmesi ve dinî duyarlığını sade bir üslup
ile yansıtan Mevlid’i ile edebiyat tarihi açısından önemlidir. Tezkirelerde daha çok kasideleriyle beğenilen Sabayî’nin in’amat defterlerindeki kayıtlara göre çok sayıda ihsan almış ve Mecmau'n-Nezair'de şiirlerinden en fazla seçme
yapılmış şair olması da dikkate değerdir. Münzevî hayatı kendisinden sonraki dönemlere ilham kaynağı Veysel Karanî’yi ele alan Üveysname, anne rızası ve peygamberi görme arzusu arasındaki hassas bir insanın duygularını ele alma
bağlamında bir anlatı olarak değerlendirilmelidir. Sabayî’nin Üveyse’l-Ķarenį isimli mesnevisi, Eski Anadolu Türkçesi özelliklerine sahip bir eser kimliğiyle tasavvuf terminolojisini ihtiva etmesi yönüyle de önem taşımaktadır.
Ziyaî’ye izafe edilen Üveysname nüshasının Sabayî’ye aitliği ise açık olup bir eser intihali söz konusudur.
A Propaganda Model in the Media's Political Economy Approach: A Case Study on the 9/11 Fahrenheit Movie
Authors: Ahu ALPASLAN Bahtiyar , AKAR Gülçin
Published: July 2023

Medya, tarih boyunca iktidar odakları için kuşatıcı bir güce sahip olan ve egemen ideolojinin yayılması amacıyla kullanılan önemli bir propaganda aracı olmuştur. Propagandanın inşasına ortam hazırlayan süreç ise medyanın mülkiyet ve
denetime dayalı yapısı ile ilişkilidir. Medyanın ekonomi politiği bağlamında çalışmada; egemen güçlerin medya aracılığı ile ekonomik, politik, sosyal ve kültürel süreçleri nasıl yönlendirdikleri ele alınmıştır. Diğer yandan Avram
Noam Chomsky ve Edward Herman’ın Bir Propaganda Modeli yaklaşımlarına yer verilerek Amerika Birleşik Devletleri (ABD) medyasının mülkiyet ve denetime dayalı yapısal halinin ve işlevsel ilişkilerinin açıklanması amaçlanmaktadır.
Ayrıca halkın rızasını almada iktidar odaklı medyanın manipülatif rolünün ve etkilerinin ortaya konulması çalışmanın bir diğer amacını oluşturmaktadır. Bu bağlamda, araştırma bölümünde Norman Fairclough’un Eleştirel Söylem Analizi
yöntemine göre bir Michael Moore yapımı olan 9/11 Fahrenheit filmi Propaganda Modelinin süzgeçleri ile ilişkilendirilerek analiz edilmiştir. Analiz doğrultusunda propagandanın hangi söylemler çerçevesinde gerçekleştiği ortaya konulmuştur.
Buna göre filmde özgür ve demokratik gösterilen ABD medyasının sansüre maruz kaldığı ve güdümlü bir yayın politikasına sahip, kar ilişkileri doğrultusunda hareket ettiği anlaşılmaktadır. Araştırmanın “11 Eylül sonrası gelişen süreçte
ABD medyası ticari kaygıları nedeniyle Bir Propaganda Modeli süzgeçlerine göre iktidar odaklı içerik üretmiştir” ve “11 Eylül’ü kendi lehine çevirecek şekilde kurgulanmasını sağlayan Bush iktidarı, Irak işgali için rızanın üretiminde
propaganda modellerini aktif biçimde kullanmıştır” şeklindeki hipotezleri doğrulanmıştır.
Transadaptation From Script to Film
Authors: OKYAYUZ Ayşe Şirin
Published: July 2023

Küreselleşen dünyada artık bir üründen veya eserden birkaç ürün veya eser üretilmektedir. Örneğin, bir kitabın filmi, dizisi çekilmekte, bir video oyununun animasyon sürümü yapılmakta ve tüm bu ürünler birbiri ile bağlantılandırılmış
bir şekilde ilgili alıcılara sunulmaktadır. Alıcılar bu tür ürünleri görmeye çok alışmıştır ve artık bu olguyu popüler kültürün bir parçası olarak kabul etmişlerdir. Makalede anlatıldığı üzere tüm bu yeni ürün yaratımları, yazılımları
ve benzeri, özünde çeviride kapsamlı bir şekilde ele alınan ve disiplinin özünü oluşturan aktarım edimi üzerinden yapılmaktadır. Çeviribilim, dil, uyarlama çalışmaları, sinema çalışmaları ve senaryo yazarlığı alanlarını harmanlayarak
kaleme alınan makalede, çeviribilim ve uyarlama ve sinema çalışmaları kesişiminde, öz çeviri ve dil içi çeviri ve yeniden yazım kavramları ele alınarak Cem Yılmaz tarafından senaryosu yayımlanan ve filmi yönetilen A.R.O.G’un senaryosu
ve filmi, birçok farklı disiplinden esinlenerek ortaya konan bir model çerçevesinde incelenmiştir. Giriş bölümünde bu tür çalışmaların gerekliliği anlatılırken, senaryo metninin tanımı ve doğası ikinci bölümde ele alınmaktadır.
Birçok disiplinden kavramları bir araya getirerek oluşturulan geniş kuramsal çerçeve ise bir sonraki bölümde sunulmaktadır. İnceleme bölümü altında yukarıda sözü edilen metinler karşılaştırmalı olarak incelenmekte ve konuya açıklık
getirmek için bazı seçili örnekler sunulmaktadır. Tartışma bölümünde incelemeden elde edilen bulgular yorumlanmakta, sonuç bölümündeyse makalenin başından beri vurgulanan konuların altı çizilerek bu tür çok disiplinli çalışmaların
önemine ışık tutulmaktadır.
A Critical Study on the Delivery of Mental and Religıous Support References in Dealing with the Problems Experienced by Secondary School Students: Muş Example
Authors: AYDIN Yusuf
Published: July 2023

Bu çalışma lise düzeyinde öğrenim gören ergen bireylerin karşı karşıya kaldıkları sorunlarla başa çıkmalarında yararlandıkları dini referansları tespit etmeyi amaçlamaktadır. Bu kapsamda öncelikle ergenliğin ve ortaöğretimin ne olduğu,
ergenlik dineminin gelişim özellikleri ile ergenlerin yaşadıkları problemlere genel olarak değinilmiş, akabinde bulgulara yer verilmiştir. Bulgularda katılımcılara sorulan seçenekli ve açık uçlu sorular yorumlanarak tablolaştırılmıştır.
Çalışma gurubu Muş Mesleki ve Teknik Anadolu Lisesi 9,10,11 ve 12. Sınıflarda öğrenim gören 100 erkek öğrenciden oluşmaktadır. Sınıf düzeyindeki katılımcı sayılarının birbirine yakın olmasına dikkat edilmiş, böylece kapsayıcı bilgilere
ulaşılması amaçlanmıştır. Bu çalışmada nitel araştırma yaklaşımının durum çalışması modeli benimsenmiştir. Veri toplamak amacıyla yapılandırılmış ve yarı yapılandırılmış sorulardan oluşan 20 maddelik bir görüşme formu hazırlanmıştır.
Uzman görüşü ve pilot uygulama dönütlerinden sonra bazı sorularda düzenlemeler yapılmıştır. Daha sonra görüşmeler gerçekleştirilmiştir. Uygulama sonunda elde edilen veriler betimsel analiz yöntemiyle çözümlenmiştir. Çalışmanın
sonunda katılımcıların yaşadıkları problemlerle mücadelede çoğunlukla manevi ve dini kaynaklara başvurdukları en çok ta bir yakının kaybedilmesi durumunda dini kaynaklara ihtiyaç duydukları tespit edilmiştir. Ergenlik döneminin
gelişimsel özellikleri göz önüne alınarak bu kapsamda başta aileler olmak üzere okul psikolojik danışma ve rehberlik servisi ile manevi danışmanlık ve rehberlik yapacak kişilere yönelik önerilerde bulunulmuştur. Çalışmada elde
edilecen verilerin eğitimcilere, ailelere, Okul PDR öğretmenlerine ve literatüre katkı sağlayacağı düşünülmektedir.
A Descriptive Study On The Components Of The Deaf Culture: The Sample Of The Turkısh Deaf Communıty
Authors: ALSANCAK Fatmanur , ÖZKAN Yasemin
Published: July 2023

Sağır topluluğu bir engelli grubu olarak tanımlanmamakta aksine kültürel bir topluluk olarak toplumda yer almaktadır. Sağır kültürü kavramından yola çıkılan bu çalışmada Sağır topluluklarının bir kültürel grup olarak değerlendirilmesi
yordamıyla Türkiye’de işitme engellilik ve Sağırlık kavramlarının irdelenmesi ve Sağır kültürünün bazı bileşenlerinin kesitsel olarak görünür kılınması amaçlanmaktadır. Sağır topluluğunun kendilerine ait kültürel yapıları içerisinde
hangi bileşenlerin yer aldığı incelenmiştir. Bu kapsamda engelliliğe dair yaklaşımların Sağır kültürünü nasıl ele aldığı sorgulanmış ve daha önceki çalışmalar tarafından ortaya koyulan bulgular yeniden sorgulanmıştır. Bu çalışmanın
amacı ilerleyen Sağır kültürü eksenli çalışmalara ve Türkiye’de yaşayan Sağır topluluğunun kültürel kimliklerinin görünürlüğüne katkıda bulunmaktır. Çalışma nitel araştırma modellerinden fenomenolojik araştırma deseni metoduyla
yapılmıştır. Sağır kültürü içinde yer alan Sağır bireyler, işaret dili tercümanları ve işaret dili eğitimi almış olan öğrenciler olmak üzere toplamda 40 katılımcı ile derinlemesine görüşmeler yapılmış, elde edilen veriler nitel
veri analizi programı MAXQDA 12.V ortamında incelenmiş ve tematik analizler yapılmıştır. Bulgular incelendikten sonra öne çıkan Sağır kültürünün bileşenleri vurgulanmıştır.Araştırmadan elde edilen veriler Sağırlar topluluğunun
kendilerini bir kültürel topluluk olarak tanımladığını, Sağırlar topluluğunu bir araya getiren unsurların büyük ölçüde ortak dil, sosyal faaliyetler, sivil dayanışma ve örgütlenme olduğu, ortak sorunların başında gelen iletişim
sorununun işaret dili eğitimleri ile aktarıldığı, işaret dili eğitimlerinin yaygınlaşmasında Sağırlar topluluğunun tüm unsurlarının etkili olduğunu göstermiştir.
Remains of a Newly Found Treasure of the Armenian and Georgian Kings
Authors: KALKAN Mustafa , ÇALIK Sıddık
Published: July 2023

Suriye’de ele geçirilen ve farklı krallara ait olan zengin hazinenin (50 adet sikkeden oluşmaktadır) dönem özellikleri, sikkelere ait stilistik hususiyetleri ve ortak olarak (her iki devlet tarafından kullanılan) darb edilen tiplerinin
önemi ayrıntılarıyla araştırılmıştır. Hazinenin içinde, Klikya Ermeni Krallığı kurulmadan önce Adana (Sis-Kozan) bölgesinde kurulan Ermeni Baronluğu’na ait bazı örnekler de mevcuttur. Gümüş olan tram, zabel, bakır olan tank, kardez,
equestrian kardez, pogh, gümüş ve billion olan takvorinler detayları ile ele alınarak hangi krala ait oldukları tespit edilmiştir. Ayrıca Gürcü Krallığına ait olan ama vassal olmaları sebebiyle bir yüzü Gürcüce diğer yüzü ise Arapça
yazılan felsler incelenmiştir. Doğu Anadolu bölgesinden Çukurova’ya Bizans İmparatorluğu tarafından zorla gönderilen Ermenilerin tarihi serüvenleri ve yaşadıkları olaylar, detayları ile ele alınmıştır. Sınırlarının bir tarafında
İlhanlılar, diğer tarafında Anadolu Selçukluları, arkalarında ise Memlükler gibi bir büyük devletin yer aldığı coğrafyada, Ermenilerin hayatta kalma mücadeleleri değerlendirilecektir. 12 Ermeni, 3 Gürcü, 1 Memlük ve 1 Eyyübi kralına-sultanına
ait olan sikke örnekleri, bulundukları yerde oldukça iyi muhafaza edilmiştir. Yazı detayları rahatlıkla okunabildiği için, numismatik disiplini açısından kondisyon ve nadirlik özellikleriyle de önem arz eden örnekler oldukları
görülmektedir. Bu sikkeler, Kozan-Sis Ermeni Krallığı’nın Türk tarihi açısından önemini ortaya koymaktadır. Aynı zamanda hangi dönemlerde İlhanlı, Anadolu Selçuklu ve Memlüklü hâkimiyeti altında girdiklerini göstermesi açısından
da büyük ehemmiyete sahiptir. Ermeni tarihi açısından sikkelere bakıldığında da yaşanan gelişmelerin seyrini sergilemesi açısından önemli detaylar içerdikleri görülecektir. Sikkelerin darb kalitesi, gümüş ayarları ve üzerlerindeki
süslemeler, Ermenilerin oldukça gelişmiş bir sanat anlayışına sahip olduklarını ortaya koymaktadır. Veriler, 2007 yılına ait olduğu için etik kurul onayına gerek yoktur.
An Analysis of Cost and Returns of Chick-pea Cultivation in Chhattisgarh
Authors: Sharma Shashank , Pandey Sneha , Verma Anjali
Published: July 2023

The present study aims to examine the cost and returns of Chick pea. The study was conducted in Bemetara district of Chhattisgarh state. From the district two blocks namely Bemetara and Saja were selected and from bemetara block nine villages selected and six villages were selected from Saja block and fifteen chick-pea growing farmers were selected from each village for the investigation of the study. The primary data were collected from the 225 producers through personal interview by survey method. The finding of the study revealed that cost of cultivation per hectare of chick-pea was ₹32486.21 per ha. The cost of cultivation per hectare showed increasing trend with respect to the farm size of holdings. The cost of cultivation in case of marginal farm was higher (₹30469.98/ha.) followed by small farms (₹31235.90/ha.), medium farms (₹33587.90/ha.) and large (₹35839.01ha.) respectively. On an overall basis input-output ratio in chick-pea cultivation was 1:81. On an overall basis net return in chick-pea cultivation was ₹ 26574.80 per ha. The average yield of chick-pea in the study area was 13.03 qt/ha which shows very satisfactory result in respect to average yield of Chhattisgarh i.e. about 1.01 qt/ha.
Mapping Health Disparities in 11 High-Income Nations
Authors: MacKinnon Neil J. , Emery Vanessa , Waller Jennifer , Ange Brittany , Ambade Preshit , Gunja Munira , Watson Emma
Published: July 2023

Importance

Health care delivery faces a myriad of challenges globally with well-documented health inequities based on geographic location. Yet, researchers and policy makers have a limited understanding of the frequency of geographic health disparities.

Objective

To describe geographic health disparities in 11 high-income countries.

Design, Setting, and Participants

In this survey study, we analyzed results from the 2020 Commonwealth Fund International Health Policy (IHP) Survey—a nationally representative, self-reported, and cross-sectional survey of adults from Australia, Canada, France, Germany, the Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Sweden, Switzerland, the UK, and the US. Eligible adults older than age 18 years were included by random sampling. Survey data were compared for the association of area type (rural or urban) with 10 health indicators across 3 domains: health status and socioeconomic risk factors, affordability of care, and access to care. Logistic regression was used to determine the associations between countries with area type for each factor, controlling for individuals’ age and sex.

Main Outcomes and Measures

The main outcomes were geographic health disparities as measured by differences in respondents living in urban and rural settings in 10 health indicators across 3 domains.

Results

There were 22 402 survey respondents (12 804 female [57.2%]), with a 14% to 49% response rate depending on the country. Across the 11 countries and 10 health indicators and 3 domains (health status and socioeconomic risk factors, affordability of care, access to care), there were 21 occurrences of geographic health disparities; 13 of those in which rural residence was a protective factor and 8 of those where rural residence was a risk factor. The mean (SD) number of geographic health disparities in the countries was 1.9 (1.7). The US had statistically significant geographic health disparities in 5 of 10 indicators, the most of any country, while Canada, Norway, and the Netherlands had no statistically significant geographic health disparities. The indicators with the most occurrences of geographic health disparities were in the access to care domain.

Conclusions and Relevance

In this survey study of 11 high-income nations, health disparities across 10 indicators were identified. Differences in number of disparities reported by country suggest that health policy and decision makers in the US should look to Canada, Norway, and the Netherlands to improve geographic-based health equity.
Autoimmune regulator (Aire) deficiency results in reduced memory CD8+ T cells after Listeria monocytogenes infection in a murine model
Authors: Feng Yi , Yao Shu , Li Shan , Peng Zuxiang , Feng Guoying , Ma Yan , Guo Bo , Liu Hongming
Published: July 2023

Homozygous mutations in the autoimmune regulator (AIRE) gene that cripple thymic negative selection of autoreactive T cells result in autoimmune polyendocrinopathy‐candidiasis‐ectodermal dystrophy (APECED). However, how AIRE regulates the T‐cell response against foreign pathogens is not well understood. Here, we observed comparable primary CD8+ T cells but a markedly reduced memory T‐cell population and protective function in Aire−/− mice compared with wild‐type after infection with a strain of recombinant Listeria monocytogenes. In adoptive transfer models, exogenous congenic CD8+ T cells transferred into Aire−/− mice also showed a reduction in the memory T‐cell population, indicating an important role for extrathymic Aire‐expressing cells in shaping or sustaining memory T cells. Moreover, using a bone marrow chimeric model, we found that Aire expressed in radioresistant cells plays an important role in maintaining the memory phenotype. These results provide important insights into the role of extrathymic Aire in the T‐cell response to infection.
MPLA case: I didn't realize those were the expectations!
Authors: Simiele Samantha J. , Charyyev Serdar , Lin Liyong , Kim Leonard , Wang Dongxu , Gronberg Mary P. ,   MPLA Cases Subcommittee
Published: July 2023

This work of fiction is part of a case study series developed by the Medical Physics Leadership Academy (MPLA). It is intended to facilitate the discussion of how students and advisors can better communicate expectations and navigate difficult conversations. In this case, a fourth‐year Ph.D. student Emma learns that her advisor Dr. So is leaving the institution and has not arranged to bring any students with him. As Emma and Dr. So meet to discuss Emma's next steps, the conversation reveals misunderstandings and miscommunications of expectations, including a specific publication requirement for graduation from Dr. So. Having just learned of Dr. So's publication requirement, Emma realizes that graduating before the lab shuts down is not feasible. The intended use of this case, through group discussion or self‐study, is to encourage readers to discuss the situation at hand and inspire professionalism and leadership thinking. This case study falls under the scope of and is supported by the MPLA, a committee in the American Association of Physicists in Medicine (AAPM).
‘Drawing to conclusion’: The effect of sketching recall methods to enhance information‐gathering and cues to deceit
Authors: Chandler Danielle , Vrij Aldert , Vernham Zarah , Nahari Galit , Fisher Ronald P. , Leal Sharon , Mather Rachel A. C.
Published: July 2023

Previous research indicated that drawing is a strategic tool in investigations. However, little research has been conducted to determine how to introduce a sketch instruction into an investigative interview. The current experiment compared sketching and speaking separately (sketch‐speak and speak‐sketch conditions) with sketching and speaking synchronously to determine which recall method gathered the most information and elicited the most cues to deceit. Participants (N = 180) watched a video, half were asked to tell the truth (to a friendly agent), whereas the other half were asked to lie (to a corrupt agent) about the video in an interview. Participants were asked either to (i) sketch then speak, (ii) speak then sketch, or (iii) speak and sketch synchronously. Verbal statements and sketches were coded for total details, number of people, number of self‐handicapping strategies and plausibility. The camera perspective of sketches was also examined. Truth tellers' sketches and verbal statements were rated as more plausible than those of lie tellers. This difference was found in all three recall methods with the largest effect emerging in the speaking and sketching synchronously condition. Truth tellers included more details than lie tellers in their verbal statements but not in their sketches. Conversely, truth tellers included more people than lie tellers in their sketches but not in their verbal responses. No veracity differences emerged in sketches nor verbal statements for self‐handicapping strategies. However, participants in the speaking and sketching synchronously recall method included more sketch self‐handicapping strategies than those in the other recall conditions. Additionally, participants in the speak and sketch synchronously method reported more verbal details than those who spoke and then sketched. Effects were not large enough between speaking in isolation of sketching and also sketching and speaking synchronously to determine which recall method is best to detect deceit. However, sketching and speaking synchronously emerged as the most beneficial method for information‐gathering.
Unraveling the Electrochemical Electrode Coupling in Integrated Organic Electrochemical Transistors
Authors: Weissbach Anton , Cucchi Matteo , Tseng Hsin , Leo Karl , Kleemann Hans
Published: July 2023

Organic electrochemical transistors (OECTs) have gained enormous attention due to their potential for bioelectronics and neuromorphic computing. However, their implementation into real‐world applications is still impeded by a lack of understanding of the complex operation of integrated OECTs. This study, for the first time, elaborates on a peculiar behavior that integrated OECTs exhibit due to their electrolytic environment—the electrochemical electrode coupling (EEC), which has severe implications on the device and circuit performance, causing a loss of output saturation and a threshold voltage roll‐off. After developing a physical model to describe this effect, it is substantiated with experimental data, and the crucial role of the gate electrode is discussed. Furthermore, the impact of the electrode/channel overlap on the saturation in the output curve is evaluated. It is then investigated how its detrimental effect on circuit performance can be minimized, and the optimization of a simple logic gate is demonstrated. This study has fundamental implications for researchers exploring materials and device architectures for OECTs and for engineers designing integrated OECT‐based circuits.
SnF2‐Induced Highly Current‐Tolerant Solid Electrolytes for Solid‐State Sodium Batteries
Authors: Yang Zhendong , Chen Letian , Jiang Haoyang , Liang Xinghui , Wei Jinping , Xie Zhaojun , Tang Bin , Zhou Zhen
Published: July 2023

Solid‐state sodium batteries have garnered considerable interest. However, their electrochemical performance is hampered by severe interfacial resistance between sodium metal and inorganic solid electrolytes, as well as Na dendrite growth within the electrolytes. To address these issues, a uniform and compact SnF2 film is first introduced onto the surface of the inorganic solid electrolyte Na3.2Zr1.9Ca0.1Si2PO12 (NCZSP) to improve contact through an effective and straightforward process. Through experiments and computations, the in situ conversion reaction between SnF2 and molten Na is adequately confirmed, resulting in a composite conductive layer containing NaxSn alloys and NaF at the interface. As a result, the interfacial resistance of Na/NCZSP is significantly decreased from 813 to 5 Ω cm2, and the critical current density is dramatically increased to 1.8 mA cm−2, as opposed to 0.2 mA cm−2 with bare NCZSP. The symmetric cell is able to cycle stably at 0.2 mA cm−2 for 1300 h at 30 °C and exhibits excellent current tolerance of 0.3 and 0.5 mA cm−2. Moreover, the Na3V2(PO4)3/SnF2‐NCZSP/Na full cell displays excellent rate performance and cycling stability. The SnF2‐induced interlayer proves significant in improving interfacial contact and restraining sodium dendrite propagation, thus promoting the development of solid‐state sodium batteries.
A Dual‐Enzyme–Responsive DNA‐Based Nanoframework Enables Controlled Co‐Delivery of CRISPR‐Cas9 and Antisense Oligodeoxynucleotide for Synergistic Gene Therapy
Authors: Song Nachuan , Chu Yiwen , Li Shuai , Fan Xiaoting , Tang Jianpu , Li Hongjin , Tao Ruoyu , Li Fengqin , Li Junru , Yang Dayong , Liu Peifeng
Published: July 2023

CRISPR‐Cas9 has demonstrated potential in inhibiting tumor growth by downregulating target gene expression, and the efficiency is expected to be enhanced with other nucleic acid drugs. Herein, a dual‐enzyme–responsive DNA‐based nanoframework (NF) that enables controlled co‐delivery of Cas9 ribonucleoprotein (RNP) and antisense oligodeoxynucleotide (ASO) for synergistic gene therapy is reported. NF is synthesized with acrylamide DNA (acDNA) as a cross‐linker and loading site. A ternary complex containing sgRNA, ASO, and Cas9 that bound to acDNA is designed. The phase transition property of NF allows to reversibly swell and aggregate thermo‐responsively for the high‐capacity loading of ternary complex. RNA is cleaved from DNA–RNA complex by the overexpressed ribonuclease H for the controlled release of Cas9 RNP, and the bifurcated DNA is cleaved by the overexpressed flap structure‐specific endonuclease 1 for the controlled release of overhanging ASO. The combination of gene editing with Cas9 RNP and gene silencing with ASO allows simultaneous manipulation of target gene in nucleus and its mRNA in cytoplasm, and this synergistic gene therapy has shown remarkable therapeutic effect in a breast cancer mouse model, making it a promising therapeutic strategy for future cancer treatment.
Liquid Metal Combinatorics toward Materials Discovery
Authors: Wang Dawei , Ye Jiao , Bai Yunlong , Yang Fan , Zhang Jie , Rao Wei , Liu Jing
Published: July 2023

Liquid metals and their derivatives provide several opportunities for fundamental and practical exploration worldwide. However, the increasing number of studies and shortage of desirable materials to fulfill different needs also pose serious challenges. Herein, to address this issue, a generalized theoretical frame that is termed as “Liquid Metal Combinatorics” (LMC) is systematically presented, and summarizes promising candidate technical routes toward new generation material discovery. The major categories of LMC are defined, and eight representative methods for manufacturing advanced materials are outlined. It is illustrated that abundant targeted materials can be efficiently designed and fabricated via LMC through deep physical combinations, chemical reactions, or both among the main bodies of liquid metals, surface chemicals, precipitated ions, and other materials. This represents a large class of powerful, reliable, and modular methods for innovating general materials. The achieved combinatorial materials not only maintained the typical characteristics of liquid metals but also displayed distinct tenability. Furthermore, the fabrication strategies, wide extensibility, and pivotal applications of LMC are classified. Finally, by interpreting the developmental trends in the area, a perspective on the LMC is provided, which warrants its promising future for society.
Versatile Synthesis of Hollow‐Structured Mesoporous Carbons by Enhanced Surface Interaction for High‐Performance Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Liang Zhenjin , Peng Yuhao , Feng Huanhuan , Hong Zibo , Liu Fengqing , Yu Ruohan , Cao Yue , Xie Mingyue , Zhang Yuanteng , Zhang Xing , Yi Xianfeng , Zheng Anmin , Wu Jinsong , Xiao Wei , Schüth Ferdi , Gu Dong
Published: July 2023

Nanoporous carbons are very attractive for various applications including energy storage. Templating methods with assembled amphiphilic molecules or porous inorganic templates are typically used for the synthesis. Amongst the different members of this family, CMK‐5‐like structures that are constructed to consist of sub‐10 nm amorphous carbon nanotubes and ultrahigh specific surface area due to their thin pore walls, have the best properties in various respects. However, the fabrication of such hollow‐structured mesoporous carbons entails elaborately tailoring the surface properties of the template pore walls and selecting specific carbon precursors. Thus, very limited cases are successful. Herein, a versatile and general silanol‐assisted surface‐casting method to create hollow‐structured mesoporous carbons and heteroatom‐doped derivatives with numerous organic molecules (e.g., furfuryl alcohol, resol, 2‐thiophene methanol, dopamine, tyrosine) and different structural templates is reported. These carbon materials exhibit ultrahigh surface area (2400 m2 g−1), large pore volume (4.0 cm3 g−1), as well as satisfactory lithium‐storage capacity (1460 mAh g−1 at 0.1 A g−1), excellent rate capability (320 mAh g−1 at 5 A g−1), and very outstanding cycling performance (2000 cycles at 5 A g−1).
Experimental Characterization of a Novel Fluidized‐Bed Zn–Air Fuel Cell
Authors: Gesualdo Alessio Mattia , Milanese Marco , Colangelo Gianpiero , de Risi Arturo
Published: July 2023

Zn–air fuel cells are promising energy storage devices for renewable energy and power sources, as they are cost‐effective and have high energy density. However, limited charge and discharge cycles and low round‐trip efficiency have long been obstacles to large‐scale market deployment. Herein, a new fluidized‐bed zinc–air fuel cell is designed, constructed, tested, and characterized. The integration of the fluidized bed in the zinc–air fuel cell leads to key advantages such as: erosion of the anode passivation layer, which plays a key role in the rapid voltage decay and keeping the products of reactions away from the proximity of the electrodes, reducing the concentration overpotential, due to the concentration gradient of electrode species in the diffusion boundary layer between the electrode–electrolyte interface and the electrolyte bulk.
Spinristor: A Spin‐Filtering Memristor
Authors: Jaroš Adam , Sasar Mahdi , Tučková Lucie , Bonab Esmaeil Farajpour , Badri Zahra , Straka Michal , Foroutan‐Nejad Cina
Published: July 2023

In this paper, an in silico proof of concept of a spinristor is proposed and provided; a new electronic component that combines a spin‐filter and a memristor in a single molecule, useful for in‐memory processing. It builds on the idea of an open‐shell transition metal ion enclosed within an elliptical fullerene connected to a pair of electrodes. The spin‐ and electronic‐polarization induced by the enclosed open‐shell metallic ion leads to differential rectification of the electrons at low voltages applied between the source–drain electrodes, VSD. The position of the encapsulated ion can be switched by a high VSD which leads to a change in the direction of the rectification and the spin‐filtering ratio. The system can thus be used as a switching rectifier, that is, a memristor and a spin‐filter; therefore, a spinristor. The effect of different linkers on the function of the proposed device is further analyzed to show that linkers reduce the overall conductivity by an order of magnitude, but improve the spin‐filtering ratio. The computations suggest that nitrile and isocyanide linkers enhance the rectification, too. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, spinristor has no macroscopic counterpart in electronics, so far.
Separation of amorphous and semicrystalline parts of LLDPE with high‐temperature interactive liquid chromatography
Authors: Macko Tibor , Arndt Jan‐Hendrik , Deshmukh Subrajeet , Malz Frank , Yu Youlu , Monwar Masud , Brüll Robert
Published: July 2023

Linear low‐density polyethylene (LLDPE) materials may contain components, which are soluble at room temperature. These may influence physical properties or raise concerns for end‐users and regulatory bodies because LLDPE is widely used for food packaging. Due to the nonpolar and amorphous nature of the room temperature soluble part of LLDPE, its molecular characterization with common methods for polyolefin analysis, such as Temperature Rising Elution Fractionation (TREF), Crystallization Fractionation (CRYSTAF), or Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), has proven to be very challenging. Separation of the amorphous part of LLDPE, as well as its semicrystalline part, is, however, realizable with high‐temperature liquid chromatography (HT‐LC), which is demonstrated for the first time in this work. This technique enables to evaluate the chemical composition distribution of the room‐temperature solubles and non‐solubles in LLDPE samples. It was found that LLDPE synthesized with metallocene catalysts contained only a very small amount of amorphous material. In contrast, LLDPE prepared with Ziegler‐Natta catalysts contained up to 14 wt.% of the amorphous copolymer. The latter was soluble at room temperature, had a weight‐average molar mass ranging from 60 to 200 kg/mol, and contained about 10 mol% more 1‐olefin than the non‐soluble part of LLDPE.