bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Social Support Through the Use of ICT for Caregivers of the Chronically Ill: State of the Art
Authors: Cárdenas-Corredor Diana Carolina , Melenge-Díaz Brigitte , Pinilla Johanna , Carrillo-González Gloria Mabel , Chaparro-Díaz Lorena ,   Universidad Nacional de Colombia
Published: July 2014

El uso de tecnologías de información y comunicación (TIC) en la nueva era es una necesidad para dar soporte social en salud. Objetivo: caracterizar la producción académica y científica e identificar las estrategias y su evolución acerca del soporte social con el uso de TIC para cuidadores familiares de personas con enfermedad crónica en América en el periodo comprendido entre 1996-2009. Materiales y métodos: revisión documental, descriptiva, con diseño trasversal, desarrollada mediante una búsqueda en bases de datos. Se elaboró una matriz de análisis utilizando la metodología de elaboración de fichas de Hoyos. Resultados: para la elaboración de este estado del arte se seleccionaron 31 artículos publicados entre 1996 y 2009. La totalidad de la literatura existente en soporte social con uso de TIC se ubicó en Norteamérica, con una predominancia del idioma inglés, siendo su mayor producción en el 2004, de los cuales 14 eran cuantitativos y 13 cualitativos que evaluaron la calidad, satisfacción, accesibilidad, información proporcionada y estrategias de seguimiento. Conclusiones: las TIC en cuidadores familiares de personas con enfermedad crónica tienen un efecto protector y generan mejoría en la salud física y mental, y en el vínculo afectivo. Las de mayor uso son la Internet y el teléfono. Se reconoce la importancia de incorporarlas en el contexto colombiano y en la práctica de enfermería a través de proyectos de investigación.
Volatile and Phenolic Composition of A Chardonnay Wine Treated with Antimicrobial Plant Extracts before Malolactic Fermentation
Authors: Rodríguez-Bencomo Juan J. , García-Ruiz Almudena , Martín-Álvarez Pedro J. , Moreno-Arribas M. Victoria , Bartolomé Begoña
Published: July 2014

Previous studies have proven the potential of antimicrobial plant extracts to delay malolactic fermentation (MLF) in red wines. With the final end of extending their applicability in oenology, the aim of this study was to investigate whether the addition of antimicrobial extracts (from eucalyptus leaves and almond skins) to white wines (i.e., Chardonnay wine), as a way to control MLF, would affect wine organoleptic properties, in particular those related to their volatile and phenolic composition. Although addition of both extracts led to statistically significant changes (p<0.05) in the concentration of several volatile and phenolic compounds, only few of them showed contents higher than their sensory thresholds, meaning that the changes observed in their concentration could slightly affect the final wine aroma and astringency. However, use of the extracts in the elaboration of white wines needs to be assessed in future experiments at winery scale, including wine sensorial analysis.
Advances in Assessment and Treatment of ADHD Using Network Analyses
Authors: Thatcher Robert W.
Published: July 2014

The purpose of this review is to discuss how new advances in neuroimaging and functional network analyses are applied to electroencephalography (EEG) biofeedback or neurofeedback. Clinical efficacy of one or a few scalp EEG recordings used in the treatment of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) has been repeatedly demonstrated over the past 34 years. However, a problem is that improved clinical outcome often requires 40 to 80 sessions, which is expensive and difficult for patient compliance. This review cites the scientific literature of direct measures of the nodes and connections between nodes in the attention and default mode networks that are correlated with ADHD using functional magnetic resonance imaging, positron emission tomography, and EEG inverse solutions such as low-resolution electromagnetic tomography. Three-dimensional EEG biofeedback that targets dysregulation in Brodmann areas of the attention and default networks provides increased specificity and can result in improved clinical outcome in fewer sessions.
Pennsylvania and Irish Famine Relief, 1846–1847
Authors: Strum Harvey
Published: July 2014

During the Great Famine Pennsylvania emerged as the second most important state for famine relief in 1846–47. Philadelphia became the second-largest port shipping aid to Ireland. Relief supplies from all over the United States were channeled to the Philadelphia Irish Famine Relief Committee, the nonpartisan citizens committee, and to Philadelphia Quakers who organized their own relief operation under the leadership of Thomas P. Cope. Pennsylvanians joined in a national cause of philanthropy, and members of all denominations gave to relief aid—Roman Catholic, Methodist, Quaker, Presbyterian, Episcopalian, Lutheran, Moravian, and Jewish. In 1847 the people of Pennsylvania put aside sectarian differences because of shared values of common humanity with the suffering Irish. Pennsylvanians portrayed themselves as a people of plenty with an obligation to help, the Irish as worthy of that aid, and international voluntary aid as an expression of American republican values. Political leaders, whether Whig or Democrat, embraced this responsibility by encouraging citizens to raise funds for Ireland. In a movement spearheaded by Governor Francis Shunk, who persuaded the state legislature to pass legislation allowing toll free shipping of relief aid, citizens throughout the state organized town and county meetings to raise money, food, and clothing for famine relief and joined in a national movement to aid the starving Irish.
Gastrointestinal Perforation Associated With Endoscopy in Cats and Dogs
Authors: Irom Sara , Sherding Robert , Johnson Susan , Stromberg Paul
Published: July 2014

Gastrointestinal endoscopy is a minimally invasive diagnostic tool for cats and dogs with signs of gastrointestinal disease. This retrospective study examined the case records of six cats and one dog diagnosed with perforation secondary to gastrointestinal endoscopy. Gastrointestinal perforation occurred in 1.6% of cats and 0.1% of dogs that underwent endoscopy during the 17 yr study period (from 1993 to 2010). It can be difficult to predict what animals are at risk for gastrointestinal perforation but possible risk factors suggested by this study include small intestinal infiltrative disease in cats and preexisting gastrointestinal ulceration in both cats and dogs. Overall, gastrointestinal endoscopy is associated with a low rate of gastrointestinal perforation.
Resolution of Polyneuropathy in a Hypothyroid Dog Following Thyroid Supplementation
Authors: Utsugi Shinichi , Saito Miyoko , Shelton G. Diane
Published: July 2014

An 8 yr old male golden retriever was evaluated because of chronic, progressive, multiple neurologic signs. Physical examination showed marked obesity and facial swelling with a “tragic facial expression.” Neurologic evaluation revealed the dog had multiple cranial nerve deficits and lower motor neuron signs in the pelvic limbs. Serum biochemical analysis and thyroid function tests were consistent with hypothyroidism. A biopsy from the common peroneal nerve revealed a loss of myelinated fibers, inappropriately thin myelinated fibers, and resolving subperineurial edema. The diagnosis of polyneuropathy associated with hypothyroidism was made. Levothyroxine therapy was initiated. Response to levothyroxine treatment was slow, with most neurologic abnormalities persisting for >6 wk. However, the dog made a full neurologic recovery within 6 mo. Although the occurrence of polyneuropathy in dogs resulting from hypothyroidism has been controversial, the study authors demonstrated that hypothyroid polyneuropathy can occur in dogs as documented in humans. This is the first report describing long-term follow-up information together with detailed pathological features of hypothyroid polyneuropathy in a dog. In hypothyroid polyneuropathy, the response to thyroid replacement may be slow, but a recovery can be expected if treatment is initiated before peripheral nerve fiber loss becomes severe.
Abdominal Chronic Expanding Hematoma Causing Iron-Deficiency Anemia in a Dog
Authors: Sebbag Lionel , Harkin Kenneth R. , Habekost Allison , Gumber Sanjeev , Lee Tiffany
Published: July 2014

A 2 yr old spayed female mixed-breed Irish wolfhound was referred for assessment of anemia and slowly progressing abdominal distention. At the time of admission, the dog had marked anemia and thrombocytosis, a decreased serum iron concentration, and a normal coagulation profile. An ultrasound examination showed a massive fluid-filled cavitated structure in the abdominal cavity. Paracentesis of that structure yielded a large amount of hemorrhagic fluid with an iron concentration >24 times greater than the serum iron concentration, consistent with chronic sequestration of iron, leading to iron-deficiency anemia. Blood transfusions and incomplete surgical removal of the structure allowed short-term stabilization of the patient, but the dog was euthanized 17 days postsurgery for lethargy and continued abdominal distention. Histopathological evaluation of the structure was consistent with a chronic expanding hematoma. To the authors’ knowledge, this is the first reported case of intra-abdominal chronic expanding hematoma in a dog. It is also unique given its features of iron-deficiency anemia caused by internal blood loss.
Recurrent Urethral Fibroepithelial Polyps in a Golden Retriever
Authors: Grant David C. , Troy Gregory C.
Published: July 2014

A 2 yr old castrated male golden retriever was referred multiple times over a period of 7.5 yr for stranguria, pollakiuria, urinary incontinence and urinary outflow obstructions due to urethral polyps. Diagnostic imaging modalities used to identify polyps included abdominal ultrasound, excretory urography, double-contrast retrograde urethrocystograms, and urethrocystoscopy, which revealed multiple filling defects within the proximal and prostatic urethra. Multiple cystotomies and endourologic procedures were performed to remove the multiple fibroepithelial polyps within the proximal and prostatic urethra. Urinary incontinence resulted from treatments, but did respond to phenylpropanolamine. Medical treatment consisted of a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug, which appeared to decrease the recurrence of the polyps over time. Urethral polyps are an uncommon cause of urinary outflow obstruction and do not usually recur after removal. This case illustrates an uncommon clinical presentation and the difficulties encountered in treatment over an expanded time frame.
Point-of-Care Blood Gases, Electrolytes, Chemistries, Hemoglobin, and Hematocrit Measurement in Venous Samples from Pet Rabbits
Authors: Selleri Paolo , Di Girolamo Nicola
Published: July 2014

Point-of-care testing is an attractive option in rabbit medicine, because it permits rapid analysis of a panel of electrolytes, chemistries, blood gases, hemoglobin, and hematocrit, requiring only 65 μL of blood. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the performance of a portable clinical analyzer for measurement of pH, partial pressure of CO2, Na, chloride, potassium, blood urea nitrogen, glucose, hematocrit, and hemoglobin in healthy and diseased rabbits. Blood samples obtained from 30 pet rabbits were analyzed immediately after collection by the portable clinical analyzer (PCA) and immediately thereafter (time <20 sec) by a reference analyzer. Bland-Altman plots and Passing-Bablok regression analysis were used to compare the results. Limits of agreement were wide for all the variables studied, with the exception of pH. Most variables presented significant proportional and/or constant bias. The current study provides sufficient evidence that the PCA presents reliability for pH, although its low agreement with a reference analyzer for the other variables does not support their interchangeability. Limits of agreement provided for each variable allow researchers to evaluate if the PCA is reliable enough for their scope. To the authors’ knowledge, the present is the first report evaluating a PCA in the rabbit.
Radiographic and Ultrasonographic Findings of Uterine Neoplasms in Nine Dogs
Authors: Patsikas Michail , Papazoglou Lysimachos G. , Jakovljevic Samuel , Papaioannou Nikolaos G. , Papadopoulou Paraskevi L. , Soultani Christina B. , Chryssogonidis Ioannis A. , Kouskouras Konstantinos A. , Tziris Nikolaos E. , Charitanti Afroditi A.
Published: July 2014

The records of nine female intact dogs with histologically confirmed uterine tumors were reviewed retrospectively, and the related radiographic and ultrasonographic signs of the lesions detected were recorded. Radiography revealed a soft-tissue opacity between the urinary bladder and colon in six of seven dogs with uterine body and/or cervical tumors, and a soft-tissue opacity in the midventral abdomen in two dogs with uterine horn tumors. Ultrasonography revealed masses in all dogs with uterine body/cervical tumors and could delineate the origin of the mass in one of two dogs with uterine horn tumors. The mass was characterized ultrasonographically as solid in three dogs (all leiomyomas), solid with cystic component in four dogs (two adenocarcinomas, one leiomyoma, and one fibroleiomyoma), and cystic in two (both leiomyomas). Hyperechoic foci in the mass were observed in three dogs. Ultrasonography was a useful method for demonstrating uterine body and/or cervical tumors. However, it was not possible to ascertain sonographically that a mass originated in a uterine horn unless there was associated evidence of uterine horn to which the mass could be traced. The ultrasonographic appearance of uterine tumors was variable, and the type of neoplasm could only be determined by taking biopsies of the mass.
Systematic Review of Surgical Treatments for Cranial Cruciate Ligament Disease in Dogs
Authors: Bergh Mary Sarah , Sullivan Carly , Ferrell Christopher L. , Troy Jarrod , Budsberg Steven C.
Published: July 2014

Surgery for cranial cruciate ligament disease is often recommended; however, it is unclear if one procedure is superior. The aim of this systematic review was to answer the a priori question, “Is there a surgical procedure that will allow a consistent return to normal clinical function in dogs with cranial cruciate ligament disease and is that procedure superior to others?” A systematic literature search was performed through September 2013. Peer reviewed publication in the English language and 6 mo of postoperative follow-up were required. In total, 444 manuscripts were identified and reviewed, and 34 met the inclusion criteria. Two studies provided level 1, 6 provided level 2, 6 provided level 3, and 20 provided level 4 evidence relative to the study question. The most common surgical procedures included tibial plateau leveling osteotomy (TPLO, n = 14), lateral extracapsular suture (n = 13), tibial tuberosity advancement (n = 6). The strength of the evaluated evidence most strongly supports the ability of the TPLO in the ability to return dogs to normal function. It also provided strong support that functional recovery in the intermediate postoperative time period was superior following TPLO compared with lateral extracapsular suture. There was insufficient data to adequately evaluate other surgical procedures.
Interdisciplinaridade, meio ambiente e desenvolvimento: limitações e desafios da/à sociedade brasileira
Authors: MONTEIRO Carlos Augusto De Figueiredo
Published: July 2014

A discussão acerca da interdisciplinaridade, a partir da perspectiva da questão ambiental, é aqui desenvolvida sob a abordagem da experiência acadêmica e em consultorias do autor no campo da ciência geográfica. O texto evoca a evolução da análise geográfica sobre a relação sociedade-natureza para, evidenciando o contexto científico, explicitar limitações e desafios da construção da interdisciplinaridade. Interdisciplinarity, the environment and development: limitations and challenges posed by and to brazilian society Abstract The discussion on interdisciplinarity, from the environmental perspective, is developed here under the light of the authors academic experience and consulting work developed in geographic science. The text evokes the evolution of geographical analysis on the society-nature relationship, highlighting the scientific context, providing clarification on the limitations and challenges posed by the construction of interdisciplinarity.
Notas a respeito de transformações do planejamento urbanoregional frente a metamorfoses socioambientais
Authors: LIMA Cristina De Araújo
Published: July 2014

O texto apresenta considerações acerca da inevitabilidade do enfrentamento do caráter plural do contexto urbano na trajetória do aperfeiçoamento dos instrumentos de planejamento e gestão de cidades. Essa perspectiva aponta dificuldades oriundas da necessária abertura para um número ampliado de variáveis a serem consideradas, as quais, no entanto, se progressivamente integradas em programas mais flexíveis de organização e gestão do território podem vir a oferecer possibilidades para uma crescente inserção da população no trato dos espaços compartilhados. Considera-se indispensável a apropriação dos espaços urbanos pela sua população como senha para o êxito das políticas públicas de planejamento urbano. Notes on regional urban planning in the face of socio-environmental metamorphoses Abstract The text presents considerations on the inevitability of facing the plural character of the urban context in the path toward the improvement of city planning and management instruments. This perspective points at difficulties stemming from the need to open up to a large number of variables that must be considered and which, if progressively integrated in more flexible territory organization and management programs, may pave the way for increased general public participation in dealing with shared spaces. The appropriation of urban spaces by their populations is considered an indispensable password for successful public urban planning policies.
Tensões entre pesca, turismo e exploração de gás reconfigurando ruralidade na ilha de Boipeba – BA
Authors: Macêdo de Alencar Cristina Maria
Published: July 2014

Compreendendo-se que o desenvolvimento é um processo histórico em constante movimento, gerador de avanços e retrocessos na superação das desigualdades sociais, contemporaneamente denominadas assimetrias, examina-se a dinâmica social cotidiana na ilha de Boipeba, município de Cairu-BA, e integrante da APA Tinharé - Boipeba, impactada pela questão ambiental e pelo desenvolvimento turístico da Costa do Dendê. Periodiza-se nesse processo o surgimento da atividade de exploração de gás, em janeiro de 2007, quando foram iniciadas as atividades de produção de gás no Campo de Manati BCAM-40, localizado na Bacia Camamu-Almada, o que vem acompanhado das regulações ambientais específicas. Questiona-se se o cumprimento da regulação ambiental tem interferido na vida da população da ilha, dando-se centralidade à pesca artesanal como atividade econômica estruturante do local em seu modo de vida rural, na relação com o turismo e com a produção de gás como indução exógena. A pesquisa foi realizada com bases documental e de campo (2009 e 2010) e aponta como resultados que as atividades turísticas e de exploração de gás constituem um fenômeno (des)organizativo do rural pesqueiro, o que parece ter sido acirrado com a ingerência dos agentes ambientais desde os estudos de impacto ambiental, passando pelo relatório de impacto ambiental e chegando com reforço de assimetrias à intervenção para compensação ambiental.
¿La memoria de los paisajes o los paisajes de la memoria? Los enigmas de la sustentabilidad socioambiental en las geografías en disputa
Authors: Skewes Juan Carlos , Guerra Debbie , Rojas Pablo , Mellado María Amalia
Published: July 2014

A inteligibilidade da relação de povo com seu território depende do enfoque que se use para compreendê-la. A avaliação social dos impactos ambientais representa uma perspectiva profundamente occidental, cuja aplicação tem efeitos devastadores para as comunidades locais, sendo a consequência principal o desalojamento da memória que está ancorada na paisagem. A separação da memória da paisagem constitui o fim da sustentabilidade socioambiental para um grupo humano, em cujo caso a memória migra desde o mundo das coisas em direção à memória das coisas. A encarnação paisagística da uma comunidade é desenraizada e condenada a seguir existindo somente na lembrança que as pessoas têm de seu território. O estudo de avaliação de impactos ambientais para a construção do projeto da usina hidrelétrica nas imediações do Lago Neltume, no sul do Chile, mostra que o olhar externo erra em identificar adequadamente os contornos da ocupação humana do território. O estudo do caso convida a formular uma análise paisagística para mostrar a existência da simbiose socioambiental que encapsula a memória da comunidade na paragem local, garantir-se no longo prazo a continuidade do povoamento e, com ele, a sustentabilidade. A discussão permite sugerir formas alternativas de avaliar impactos ambientais, cuidando dos padrões que regem os modos de localização das populações humanas.
As escalas geográficas da certificação ISO 14001: um panorama da gestão ambiental empresarial
Authors: Gutierres Henrique Elias Pessoa
Published: July 2014

A certificação ambiental, em especial a norma ISO 14001, demonstra a existência de fatores internos e externos para a melhoria do desempenho ambiental das empresas. Assim, este artigo tem como objetivo apresentar um panorama atual da certificação ISO 14001 em diferentes escalas de análise (mundial, nacional, regional e estadual), buscando a sua territorialização, considerando fatores de localização, extensão e conexão. Adotou-se como procedimentos: o levantamento do referencial teórico; a aquisição de dados junto à ISO (International Organization for Standardization) e ao INMETRO (Instituto Nacional de Metrologia, Normalização e Qualidade Industrial) do quantitativo de empresas certificadas pela ISO 14001. Após a organização dos dados, houve a sistematização por meio de tabelas através de planilha eletrônica, finalização da apresentação em gráficos e análise dos dados relacionando-os ao Índice de Desenvolvimento Humano (IDH) e ao Produto Interno Bruto (PIB). Entende-se que a maior parte desses certificados está concentrada nos países desenvolvidos, sede das matrizes das grandes empresas. Na realidade brasileira, a relação (número de certificações, PIB e IDH por unidade da federação) não se mostrou tão evidente, tendo sido constatados Estados com PIB e IDH inferiores, mas com maior quantidade de certificados em relação a alguns Estados mais bem posicionados socioeconomicamente. Esta característica tem a ver com aspectos econômicos das empresas que exercem forte influência na ocorrência desses certificados. Logo, apresenta-se uma realidade espacialmente desigual, em que nem sempre a certificação ambiental tem relação com a realidade local, sendo uma exigência de fatores externos, como a continuidade em se relacionar com clientes e fornecedores que detêm a certificação ambiental, portanto, algo de fora para dentro, agindo na realidade local.
Considerações sobre ocupações irregulares e parcelamento urbano em áreas de mananciais da região metropolitana de Curitiba-PR
Authors: LIMA Cristina De Araújo
Published: July 2014

O artigo apresenta reflexão sobre dados do processo de ocupação no vetor leste de expansão metropolitana, focalizando especialmente os municípios de Pinhais, São José dos Pinhais e Piraquara, onde se localizam mananciais fundamentais para o abastecimento público regional. O esgotamento desses mananciais é um fato previsto para daqui a três décadas, em grande parte acelerado por formas indevidas de ocupação urbana em áreas para as quais o planejamento regional determinou, desde 1978, estratégias de preservação. Atualmente, as ocupações irregulares e invasões crescem aceleradamente, tornando progressivamente mais difícil a conservação ambiental de tais áreas, num contraponto completo às diretrizes planejadas, que não foram implementadas quer seja por obras, investimentos ou ações de gestão do espaço e recursos naturais de importância capital para a manutenção da vida na região metropolitana. Considerations about irregular occupations and urban plot process under the water soucers of Curitibas metropolitan region Abstract The article presents reflection about the occupation process data on the expansion of east part of metropolitan region, specially focusing the territory of municipalities of Pinhais, Piraquara and São José dos Pinhais where are fundamental water sources for regional public consumption. The break down of these water resources is foreseen in three decades ahead and this situation was improved by irregular forms of occupation of areas where the regional planning had fixed strategy of preservation since 1978. At the present times the irregular occupations and invasions are increasing in a very high speed and proportion what constitute harder situation for conservancy practices.
Natureza e percepção de valores
Authors: HEEMANN Ademar , HEEMANN Nara
Published: July 2014

Esse texto apresenta algumas questões introdutórias à pesquisa sobre a percepção dos valores a partir do contato íntimo com a natureza, considerando o contexto educativo sob a égide do direito liberal. Nature and Value Perception Abstract This essay focuses on some introductory questions of the investigation into the perception of values based on the intimate contact with nature, taking into account the educational context within the frame of liberal rights.
Sentir o Paraíso no Pantanal: reflexões sobre percepção e valoração ambientais
Authors: de VARGAS Icléia A. , HEEMANN Ademar
Published: July 2014

Este artigo propõe uma reflexão sobre o processo de construção do mito gerado acerca do ambiente e da paisagem do Pantanal, devidamente percebidos e valorados como modelos de paraíso terrestre, para serem usufruídos pela atividade turística. Portanto, acredita-se ser necessário desvelar o mito de Pantanal- Paraíso, assim como as contradições expressas pela expansão do turismo que se consolida na região a partir da lógica de mercado, legitimando-se através do dualismo sociedade-natureza. Feeling Paradise in the Pantanal: some thoughts over perception and environmental values Abstract This paper analises the construction of the mith around the environment and the landscape of Pantanal. The mith is perceived as paradises model to be enjoyed for tourism activities. In this perspective, it unveils the mith of Pantanal-Paradise like the contradiction that emerges through expansion of tourisms activities oriented for the markets logical.
Políticas públicas e desenvolvimento urbano sustentável
Authors: De LIMA Paulo Rolando , KRÜGER Eduardo L.
Published: July 2014

Considerando que o processo de desenvolvimento urbano implica na multiplicação dos impactos ambientais decorrentes do assentamento humano sobre a área de influência da cidade e a existência de diretrizes de ação visando à promoção da sustentabilidade urbana na Agenda 21 brasileira, bem como nas disposições do Estatuto da Cidade, especialmente no que se refere aos objetivos da política urbana, garantia do direito a cidades sustentáveis, planejamento do desenvolvimento urbano, estudo de impacto de vizinhança e ao Plano Diretor, o trabalho aponta possibilidades de efetivação destas diretrizes e dispositivos legais no gerenciamento urbano por meio de políticas públicas locais no âmbito dos transportes, habitação e uso do solo. Tais políticas deverão estar dirigidas a objetivos ambientais definidos em função do grau de qualidade ambiental urbana presente e da eqüidade da sua distribuição espacial, visando a uma situação futura desejada. Public policies and urban sustainable development Abstract Considering that urban development is directly related to the spreading of environmental impacts caused by human settlements within city limits and the existence of directives in the Brazilian Agenda 21 regarding the promotion of urban sustainability, as well as the content of the City Statute regarding urban policies towards sustainable cities and urban planing, this study presents possibilities of implementing directives and legal measures for urban management by means of local public policies concerning transportation, habitation and land use. Such policies should be directed towards environmental objectives, defined with regard to the present urban environmental quality and spatial distribution, aiming at a desired future condition.
Da antiga à nova Carta de Atenas − em busca de um paradigma espacial de sustentabilidade
Authors: KANASHIRO Milena
Published: July 2014

As visões da Carta de Atenas (1933) assumiram caráter dogmático, influenciando profundamente as nossas cidades. A proposição da cidade funcional como crítica às cidades tradicionais definia funções básicas: habitar, trabalhar, recrear e circular. Frente à considerada obsolescência do tecido urbano existente, impunha-se uma nova ordem, implicando, em termos formais, em um produto homogêneo. Nas últimas décadas emerge a discussão do conceito chamado desenvolvimento sustentável, que objetiva a manutenção da qualidade de vida, assegura acesso continuo aos recursos naturais e evita a persistência dos danos ambientais. Sob esse enfoque, a Nova Carta de Atenas (1998), resultado da discussão de onze países da Comunidade Européia, delineia temas emergentes. O trabalho traz um breve panorama do repensar urbano, apresenta os princípios, o paradigma proposto e delineia considerações sobre a Nova Carta. From ancient charter to the new Charter of Athens − a search of a spatial paradigm of sustainability Abstract The visions of 1933 Athens Charter assumed a dogmatic character that is continually influencing our cities. The proposal of a functional city, as a critic of traditional spaces, was defined by its basic functions: dwelling, work (or production), recreation and transportation. Facing the existing obsolete urban tissue, a new order was imposed, having as result a homogeneous space, in formal terms. In the last decades the discussion of the concept of sustainable development has emerged aiming as maintaining life quality, ensuring continuous accessibility to the natural resources and avoiding the environmental damages. As a consequence, the 1998 Athens New Charter, resulting from the discussion of eleven countries of European Union witch defines an emergencies has emerged thematic. This paper deals with a brief panorama of the urban re-thinking, present the set of recommendations, expose the paradigm and outline considerations of the New Charter.
O desenvolvimento urbano sustentável  uma utopia possível?
Authors: SCHUSSEL Zulma das Graças Lucena
Published: July 2014

O século XX, ao mesmo tempo em que se caracterizou pela associação do conceito de desenvolvimento ao uso e consumo crescentes do solo, das fontes de energia e dos recursos naturais de forma geral, deu origem à formação das concentrações metropolitanas. Essas concentrações aglutinaram ao longo do tempo fortes processos de degradação ambiental. Uma das respostas encontradas para essas questões vem sendo dada pela Agenda 21, adotada por aproximadamente 179 países na Conferência das Nações Unidas sobre Meio Ambiente e Desenvolvimento, em 1992, no Rio de Janeiro. A presente reflexão trata das diferenças entre as Agendas 21 locais desenvolvidas nos países desenvolvidos e em desenvolvimento. Propõe a discussão sobre o inter-relacionamento das questões socioambientais do município com o espaço regional e as decorrentes limitações na implementação dos propósitos da Agenda 21 local. Sustainable urban development  a possible utopia? Abstract The 20th century has been characterized by the association of the developmental concept with the increasing use and ground consumption, the energy sources and the natural resources in general. At the same time, the metropolitan concentrations formation began and generates, throught out the years, an strong process of environmental degradation. One of the answers founded for these questions has been given through the Agenda 21, adopted by approximately 179 countries in the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development, in 1992, at Rio de Janeiro. The present reflection is about the differences between the local Agenda 21 implemented in the developed countries and in the developing countries. It proposes the discussion about the relationship between the municipalitys social and environmental issues and regional space and the consequent limitations at the implementation of the Agenda 21 purposes.
Novas perspectivas para gestão das cidades: Estatuto da Cidade e mercado imobiliário
Authors: PEREIRA Gislene
Published: July 2014

A ausência de controle quanto ao uso da propriedade urbana para benefício individual torna o mercado imobiliário o grande agente estruturador da cidade e, nesse contexto, a população com menores recursos é excluída dos benefícios da urbanização, passando a ocupar de forma irregular o território da cidade. Diante desse quadro, o texto apresenta uma análise da cidade de Curitiba, Paraná, sob o ponto de vista da relação entre mercado imobiliário e estruturação da cidade, procurando demonstrar como a cidade capitalista segrega e exclui aquela parcela da população cuja renda não permite o acesso ao mercado formal de terras. O trabalho analisa as possibilidades de a Lei Federal nº 10.257/01  Estatuto da Cidade  interferir sobre a lógica de funcionamento do mercado imobiliário urbano, recuperando com isso as discussões sobre reforma urbana e criando perspectivas para o cumprimento da função social da cidade. Enfim, o texto busca identificar possibilidades e limites para a atuação das políticas públicas sobre o processo de produção do espaço, de forma a contribuir para a superação da segregação socioespacial e, conseqüentemente, melhorar as condições de vida na cidade. New perspectives for managing cities: City Statute and realstate market Abstract Lack of the use of urban property for individual benefit lets the land market act as the major force structuring the city. Within this context, the urban poor are excluded from the benefits of urbanization and makes its way into the citys territory through irregular occupation. Facing such situation, this paper presents an analysis of the city of Curitiba, Paraná, from the standpoint of the land market and its relationship to the urban structuring process, in order to demonstrate how the capitalist city segregates and excludes that share of the population whose income does not allow them access to the formal land market. The paper analyzes the possibilities of Federal Law 10.257/01  Estatuto da Cidade  to intervene on the logics of the land market, thus recovering the discussions about urban reform and creating prospects for the fulfillment of the citys social function. Finally, this paper attempts to identify possibilities and limits of public policies on the production of space in order to contribute to the overcoming of the sociospatial segregation and consequently to the improvement of life conditions in the city.
Meio ambiente e a questão urbana
Authors: GONÇALVES Teresinha Maria
Published: July 2014

Este artigo discute a questão ambiental como um dos grandes fatores da sustentabilidade urbana associada a outros, como o acesso ao processo de desenvolvimento (intitulamento), à economia de comunicação, às políticas públicas e à cidadania. A reflexão parte da pesquisa realizada pela autora em Criciúma  SC, em 2001, que sustentou sua tese de doutorado em Meio Ambiente e Desenvolvimento. Environment and the urban question Abstract This article examines the environmental question as one of the sustainable urban big factors and other ones as the access to the process of development (entitling), and the process of communication economy, public policeis and citizenship. The study started from the search accomplished by the author in Criciúma- SC, in 2001, and it supported her doctorate thesis about Environment and Development.
Représentation cartographique des complexités d’un dialogue en ligne. Une technique de modélisation analytique inductive
Authors: Newell Robert , Dale Ann
Published: July 2014

La plate-forme de dialogue électroniquee-dialogueconstitue un espace de discussion interdisciplinaire et transdisciplinaire qui promeut un partage et un transfert de connaissances. Elle a été élaborée en 2001 dans le but d’explorer le potentiel d’Internet pour mobiliser divers groupes et réunir une multitude de points de vue afin qu’un dialogue de fond puisse avoir lieu. La plate-forme en question est un système de conversations textuelles en ligne. À l’aide de la Technique Newell & Dale de Modélisation des Conversations (TNDMC), nous avons analysé plus de 45 dialogues en ligne, de 2001 à 2013. Les dialogues ont porté sur des sujets tels que l’infrastructure urbaine, la gestion des déchets nucléaires, l’économie verte – y compris le rôle des jeunes relativement aux initiatives portant sur la durabilité –, les innovations en matière de changement climatique, la redéfinition de la croissance et du progrès dans les temps modernes, et d’autres sujets portant sur les mesures à prendre pour favoriser un avenir durable.
Approches méthodologiques et objets d’induction organisationnels : la pertinence d’une stratégie de recherche multiétagée
Authors: Katambwe Jo , Genest Kéren , Porco Béatrice
Published: July 2014

Le but de cette contribution est de clarifier la correspondance entre les approches méthodologiques inductives d’une part et les approches théoriques interprétatives d’autre part en procédant à une démarche d’analyse conceptuelle. Étant donné le lien postulé entre théorie et méthode dans l’approche inductive, notre objectif est de discuter de la pertinence des approches méthodologiques dans la compréhension des objets de recherche fondamentaux mis de l’avant par la conception interprétative et tout particulièrement par la théorie de l’équivalence. Nous décrivons les limites de la pertinence de ces approches méthodologiques face à la complexité de ces objets pour, en conclusion, proposer une démarche inductive, la stratégie de recherche multiétagée, que nous estimons adaptée à cette complexité théorique.
Modeling study of nighttime enhancements in F region electron density at low latitudes
Authors: Le Huijun , Liu Libo , Chen Yiding , Zhang Hui , Wan Weixing
Published: July 2014

In this paper we carry out case‐control simulations to examine the mechanisms of the nighttime anomalous enhancements in electron density in the ionosphere at low latitudes, which were studied earlier in another research. The results confirm the earlier conclusion that the downward E × B plasma drift due to westward electric field at night is the main driving force for the nighttime enhancement. In addition, the phase of the electric field is found important in forming the enhancement. Delayed westward electric field can produce significant postmidnight enhancement as observed at Sanya (geomagnetic latitude: 8.2°N). In addition, the equatorward neutral wind at night is found to modulate the formation of the nighttime enhancement at geomagnetic latitudes below 15°N. The combined effects of the two drivers cause significant equatorward/downward plasma flux, which results in the enhancement of electron density as well as the drop in ionospheric peak height.
Vertical diffusivity of the Western Arctic Ocean halocline
Authors: Shaw William J. , Stanton Timothy P.
Published: July 2014

A nearly year‐long series of upper ocean temperature, conductivity, and temperature microstructure profiles were collected from an ice camp drifting in the Beaufort Gyre as part of the 1997–1998 Surface Heat Budget of the Arctic Experiment (SHEBA). Geographically, the record includes portions over the deep Canada Basin and the steep bathymetry of the Chukchi Borderlands region. Hydrographically, the record includes “cool,” Pacific‐origin haloclines, which contain a variety of subsurface temperature maxima, and cold haloclines typical of the Eurasian Basins. We present estimates of the vertical turbulent diffusivity derived from the dissipation rate of thermal variance and calculations of the associated vertical heat fluxes. We find that vertical diffusion proceeds at molecular rates in the deep basins and away from topographic features. While still relatively small, diffusivity is enhanced by 1 order of magnitude near and above the Chukchi Borderlands. The enhanced diffusivity is correlated to an increase in water column strain variance above the Borderlands, providing a linkage between bathymetry, internal wave activity and turbulence. The Chukchi Borderlands play a significant role in heat transport in the Western Arctic. They are a pathway for horizontal heat transport and a hot spot for vertical heat transport. Vertical fluxes make a substantial contribution to the energy balance of the sea ice cover in this region. Heat fluxes between the halocline and underlying Atlantic Water are shown to be small and lacking vertical connection near surface waters.
Impact of numerical artifact of the forward model in the inverse solution of density‐dependent flow problem
Authors: Nassar Mohamed K. , Ginn Timothy R.
Published: July 2014

We investigate the effect of computational error on the inversion of a density‐dependent flow and transport model, using SEAWAT and UCODE‐2005 in an inverse identification of hydraulic conductivity and dispersivity using head and concentration data from a 2‐D laboratory experiment. We investigated inversions using three different solution schemes including variation of number of particles and time step length, in terms of the three aspects: the shape and smoothness of the objective function surface, the consequent impacts to the optimization, and the resulting Pareto analyses. This study demonstrates that the inversion is very sensitive to the choice of the forward model solution scheme. In particular, standard finite difference methods provide the smoothest objective function surface; however, this is obtained at the cost of numerical artifacts that can lead to erroneous warping of the objective function surface. Total variation diminishing (TVD) schemes limit these impacts at the cost of more computation time, while the hybrid method of characteristics (HMOC) approach with increased particle numbers and/or reduced time step gives both smoothed and accurate objective function surface. Use of the most accurate methods (TVD and HMOC) did lead to successful inversion of the two parameters; however, with distinct results for Pareto analyses. These results illuminate the sensitivity of the inversion to a number of aspects of the forward solution of the density‐driven flow problem and reveal that parameter values may result that are erroneous but that counteract numerical errors in the solution.
Single‐parameter model of vegetated aquatic flows
Authors: Battiato Ilenia , Rubol Simonetta
Published: July 2014

Coupled flows through and over permeable layers occur in a variety of natural phenomena including turbulent flows over submerged vegetation. In this work, we employ a two‐domain approach to model flow through and over submerged canopies. The model, amenable of a closed‐form solution, couples the log‐law and the Darcy‐Brinkman equation, and is characterized by a novel representation of the drag force which does not rely on a parametrization through an unknown drag coefficient. This approach limits to one, i.e., the obstruction permeability, the number of free parameters. Analytical expressions for the average velocity profile through and above the canopies, volumetric flow rate, penetration length, and canopy shear layer parameter are obtained in terms of the canopy layer effective permeability. The model suggests that appropriately rescaled velocities in the canopy and surface layers follow two different scaling laws. The analytical predictions match with the experimental data collected by Ghisalberti and Nepf (2004) and Nepf et al. (2007).
Constable Receives 2013 William Gilbert Award: Response
Authors: Constable Catherine
Published: July 2014

Thank you for the generous citation. I am truly honored that the GP section considers me a worthy recipient of this award. As you might guess, I don't deserve exclusive credit for everything in Rick's citation, and if you look at the coauthors on all my publications, you can get a pretty good idea of who really did the work. I have been fortunate to work in a highly collegial environment at the University of California, San Diego, where my mentors, colleagues, postdocs, and students at Scripps Institution of Oceanography's Institute of Geophysics of Planetary Physics have been tremendously important to me. Additionally, this year (2013) marks 30 years since I first attended the AGU Fall Meeting, and the GP section has really been my scientific home within this organization, connecting me to a broader range of collaborators from all over the world. I owe thanks to a large number of people who have contributed to the fun of doing science and provided opportunities to discuss things in a highly collegial environment.
Transition of effective hydraulic properties from low to high Reynolds number flow in porous media
Authors: Sivanesapillai R. , Steeb H. , Hartmaier A.
Published: July 2014

We numerically analyze fluid flow through porous media up to a limiting Reynolds number of . Due to inertial effects, such processes exhibit a gradual transition from laminar to turbulent flow for increasing magnitudes of Re. On the macroscopic scale, inertial transition implies nonlinearities in the relationship between the effective macroscopic pressure gradient and the filter velocity, typically accounted for in terms of the quadratic Forchheimer equation. However, various inertia‐based extensions to the linear Darcy equation have been discussed in the literature; most prominently cubic polynomials in velocity. The numerical results presented in this contribution indicate that inertial transition, as observed in the apparent permeability, hydraulic tortuosity, and interfacial drag, is inherently of sigmoidal shape. Based on this observation, we derive a novel filtration law which is consistent with Darcy's law at small Re, reproduces Forchheimer's law at large Re, and exhibits higher‐order leading terms in the weak inertia regime.
The 2011 Tohoku Tsunami observed by an array of ocean bottom electromagnetometers
Authors: Zhang Luolei , Baba Kiyoshi , Liang Pengfei , Shimizu Hisayoshi , Utada Hisashi
Published: July 2014

A tsunami induces secondary electromagnetic (EM) fields of significant intensity as a result of Faraday's law, and these EM fields can be recorded by instruments on the seafloor. Such observations will provide parameters that are useful in understanding tsunami generation and propagation processes. As such, EM sensors can be used as a type of tsunami sensor. In the present study, we report the observation of tsunami‐induced EM signals by a small array of ocean bottom electromagnetometers consisting of four stations in the northwestern Pacific Ocean. Then, several data analysis methods are used to estimate tsunami parameters. Referring to the theoretical relation, the wave height is estimated from the observed magnetic and electric fields. Also, the propagation direction of the 2011 Tohoku Tsunami is estimated by applying analysis methods for an array and a single station.