bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Female Sex Function after Aortic Surgery
Authors: Campbell W. B. , Ridler B. M. F. , McGrath C.
Published: September 2024

Objective:

To determine the incidence of sexual dysfunction in women after abdominal aortic surgery in a questionnaire based study

Patients:

A total of 100 women (aged 46–96, median 75 years) who had aortic grafts during 1990–1994.

Methods:

Patients were traced and their social circumstances determined. An initial approach was made by letter, and questionnaires were sent to women who were willing to participate at 1 year or more after their operation.

Results:

Sixty-nine patients were found to be ineligible because they had died (39), recently been widowed (15), become seriously unwell or untraceable (15). Of the remaining 31, only eight were willing to answer a detailed questionnaire about sexual function, and seven did so: four had maintained good sexual function, and three had experienced deterioration since surgery (but in two there had been some improvement over a period of months). Conclusions: Assessing any possible effect of aortic surgery on sexual function in women is most difficult, because of the age and circumstances of many patients, and a general reluctance of patients to answer explicit questions about their sexual function. Although this study fails to provide any clear evidence of adverse effects, it focuses attention on a neglected yet potentially important subject.
A Computer Model for the Prediction of Left Epicardial Coronary Blood Flow in Normal, Stenotic and Bypassed Coronary Arteries, by Single or Sequential Grafting
Authors: St. Rammos K. , Koullias G. J. , Pappou T. J. , Bakas A. J. , Panagopoulos P. G. , Tsangaris S. G.
Published: September 2024

This article describes a computer model for calculating left epicardial coronary blood pressure and flow waveforms of a right dominant coronary circulation. Using the geometry of 16 vascular branches and employing the one-dimensional Navier—Stokes equations the model allows for the prediction of blood pressure and flow patterns in normal and stenosed vessels. This model was also used to predict the haemodynamic changes observed after insertion of two single saphenous vein bypass grafts, as compared with the corresponding changes after insertion of a sequential (snake-like) saphenous graft. In normal vessels during systole and diastole, the pressure and the flow waveforms obtained showed patterns that correlate very well with the findings observed by other investigators using intracoronary flowmeter or Doppler velocimeter techniques. In coronary artery disease (90% stenoses in LAD and diagonal branch 1), the authors' main contribution is the reconfirmation of a previously described finding of systolic flow rises in stenotic segments. This finding seems to be an important compensatory mechanism, in contrast to normal coronary vessels, which maintain a mainly diastolic flow pattern. The introduction of single or sequential bypass grafts leads to pressure and flow restoration after graft revascularization. Besides this finding, the general concept of a diastolic flow restoration post-stenotically, in the previously decreased and systolic augmented flow areas, is also observed. The two revascularization methods were also compared with regard to their specific advantages, disadvantages and indications and were also extensively compared with several in vivo studies.
Upholding ethical pillars in nursing academia
Authors: Zic William G
Published: September 2024

This manuscript explores the philosophical implications of ethical principles such as honesty, integrity, fairness, reliability, and objectivity and their impact on professional nursing. By examining these values within Western society, the discussion highlights the importance of integrating these virtues into contemporary nursing education. Through a detailed analysis of each precept, the document underscores their potential to enhance the quality of education, improve interactions among faculty and staff, and achieve positive student outcomes. Ultimately, this treatise advocates for a balanced pedagogical approach in nursing that leverages these elements to foster a more compassionate world, where ethical connections in academia underpin our collective existence.
Trading Horizons and Losses: An Examination of Intraday Versus Long-term Traders
Authors: Mishra Ramanuj , Thakur Sanjay
Published: September 2024

This empirical study delves into the intricate interplay of market dynamics, financial returns and investor satisfaction, examining the roles of market sensitivity (MS), news and events (NE), global economic conditions, country economic conditions and company-specific developments. Notably, global economic conditions and country economic conditions significantly impact financial returns, underscoring the relevance of macroeconomic factors in investment outcomes. The study reveals a distinctly negative effect of company-specific developments on financial returns, emphasising the importance of monitoring individual companies in investment portfolios. MS insignificantly affects financial returns but exhibits a notable negative association with investor satisfaction, highlighting its role in shaping investors’ emotional experiences. These findings offer insights for future research, suggesting avenues for exploring the impact of specific NE on financial returns and conducting longitudinal studies to understand evolving investor sentiment, contributing to a deeper understanding of the multifaceted factors influencing financial outcomes and investor satisfaction in the dynamic landscape of financial markets.
Sustainability Reporting Under GRI Standards: An Empirical Study of Indian Companies
Authors: Gurung Prasid , Sarkar Soumitra
Published: September 2024

The accumulation of industrial waste at the global level is distressing, as the World Bank estimated in 2016 that the growth of solid waste will hit 3.4 billion tonnes by 2050. India faces similar issues related to inefficient waste management and enfeebled waste reporting practices as the Energy and Resources Institute (TERI) estimated that more than 62 million tons of industrial waste are generated annually, of which around 12 million tons are treated before disposal, 31 million tons are diverted towards landfills, and the majority is unprocessed and unaccounted for. In this response, this study analyses the waste reporting practices adopted by the top corporate social responsibilities ranked Indian companies with a motivation to align the Indian reporting pattern with the Global Reporting Initiative (GRI). The study finds inconsistent, unstandardized, and unstructured waste reporting practices when analysed under the GRI across the selected Indian companies concerning massive waste generation per turnover and earnings per share. The findings suggest the need for integrated compliance towards reporting standards to control any negative impact on the environment, as shown through waste intensity ratios. The findings have largely contributed towards understanding the anomalies between the Indian corporate reporting practices and the global reporting under GRI.
Shilajit (Mumio) Elicits Apoptosis and Suppresses Cell Migration in Oral Cancer Cells Through Targeting Urokinase-type Plasminogen Activator and Its Receptor and Chemokine Signaling Pathways
Authors: Alqarni Abdullah , Hosmani Jagadish , Mohammed Raghad , Alqahtani Abdullah , Alasiri Sarah , Alhamid Nasser , Zaki Hattan , Housami Thabet Al , Perumal Elumalai , Khalid Imran , Mattoo Khurshid
Published: September 2024

Background

Shilajit a natural phytomineral has a proven record of treating many human body ailments.

Purpose

This study aimed to explore the influence of Shilajit on cell proliferation and apoptosis induction in oral cancer cells (OCC) and to comprehend the molecular mechanism associated with OCC migration.

Materials and Methods

Human gingival fibroblast (hGF) and OCC (KB-1 (KERATIN-forming tumor cell line HeLa)) were exposed to Shilajit solution dilutions. Cell growth and apoptosis were measured by MTT and Annexin-V tests (control/test group). Cellular morphology using an inverted microscope, cellular apoptosis using acridine orange/ethidium bromide dual staining, reactive oxygen species production analysis using 2′,7′-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate (DCFH-DA) staining, and gene protein expression using real-time polymerase chain reaction test were used to measure study outcomes. The data enumerated were the average of three trial experiments. Categorical and numerical data were expressed as frequency distribution and means, respectively. Differences in groups (control/test; zero/24 h/48 h) were determined using Student’s t-test and one way analysis of variance, with probability ‘ p’ value considered significant at ≤0.05.

Results

The viability of OCC exhibited a concentration and time-dependent response to Shilajit. Notably, Shilajit demonstrated selectivity against cancer cells. Through an examination of the Annexin-V apoptosis assay, it was observed that Shilajit induces apoptosis by upregulating the proapoptotic gene expression ( p ≤ 0.05) and downregulating antiapoptotic proteins ( p ≤ 0.05). Furthermore, the impact of Shilajit on cell migration decreased significantly when compared to control cells through modulating the urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA) and its receptor (uPAR) and chemokines gene expression.

Conclusion

Shilajit exhibited greater cytotoxicity, decreased OCC proliferation and migration, and initiated OCC apoptosis as equivalent to normal cells. These promising outcomes indicate that Shilajit holds potential as a robust, promising option for oral cancer treatment, underscoring the need for further research in this domain.
Problems/Issues in Blood Transfusion Process: A Focus Group Discussion (FGD) with Nursing Personnel in a Tertiary Care Center of North India
Authors: Prasad Jyotish , Singh Neena Vir , Dutta Monika , Dhawan Hari Krishan
Published: September 2024

Background

Blood and blood product transfusion is an essential component of the health care system. Nursing personnel constitute a significant aspect of the transfusion process as they are the last in the chain of the transfusion process to ultimately transfuse the blood and blood products to the recipient. Nurses face many problems/issues in this process. The present study highlights the problems/issues faced by them in the transfusion of blood and blood products.

Objective

To explore the problems/issues faced by nursing personnel related to blood and blood products transfusion process in a tertiary care hospital in North India.

Methods

A qualitative design was used. Three focused group discussions were conducted with 8–10 nurses in each group working in the Emergency Neurosurgery Ward of a tertiary care hospital in North India. Tools used were the sociodemographic and job profile of nurses and a focus group discussion (FGD) guide about blood and blood products transfusion. Each FGD session lasted for 15–20 minutes and data saturation was achieved after three FGDs. Colaizzi’s procedural steps were used to analyse the data. Themes and subthemes were generated.

Results and Conclusion

The problems/issues identified in the FGD were related to a lack of awareness regarding awareness, transportation, storage in the ward, thawing of fresh frozen plasma, problems in a blood bag, wastage of blood in case of children, inadequate nurse patients ratio, taking consent, Judicial request, proper prescription/orders, related to transfusion responsibilities, monitoring and documentation of blood, and blood products transfusion. The above problem/issues should be addressed and overcome to promote safe transfusion. It is recommended that regular In-service education programs should be planned for nursing personnel to update guidelines awareness, and the developed transfusion monitoring sheet should be implemented, to improve documentation and reduce transfusion errors.
The Hong Kong Shue Yan University Social Work Research Center—A Case Analysis
Authors: Liu Ben Chi Pun , Leung Dion Sik Yee
Published: September 2024

Hong Kong Shue Yan University (HKSYU) Center for Social Work Research and Practice was established in 2015, aspiring to collaborate with industry partners to conduct research that enhance the industry's understanding of social issues and develop quality services for the community. HKSYU is a self-financing university without direct subsidies from the HKSAR Government to the Center. In the last couple of years, the Center has implemented 11 research and training projects, jointly organizing with local and overseas universities. Two of them adopted the interdisciplinary approach, collaborating with health and nursing disciplines. Using the extended case method, the Center was found to be aligned with the principles of evidence-based practice and research-mindedness in social work. Moreover, the Center normally adopted the “Translational form of collaboration,” coproducing research projects with industry partners. Upon reflection, the Center should maximize its involvement with social work practitioners to promote research-mindedness in the practice environment.
Evaluation of Horticultural Therapy for Enhancing Women's Well-Being: A Randomized Waitlist-Controlled Trial
Authors: Gao Si-Yu , Ng Siu-Man , Wan Eppie Ho-yu
Published: September 2024

Objectives: The current study seeks to evaluate the effectiveness of a horticultural program specifically designed to improve the overall well-being of women in Hong Kong. Methods: A two-arm randomized waitlist-controlled trail was employed in the current study. A total of 208 adult female participants recruited from communities in Hong Kong attended the intervention. Participants’ physical, mental and spiritual well-being were measured pre-, post and 2-month after the intervention. Results: In both within-group and between-group comparison, the physical health condition of participants showed no significant change, while substantial improvements were observed in both mental and spiritual well-being. Participants with high initial scores for depressive and anxiety symptoms experienced more significant enhancements across all body–mind–spirit dimensions. Clonclusions: This study provides robust evidence that the horticultural program significantly contributes to the holistic improvement of the body–mind–spirit well-being of the participants. It holds promise for broader application within community mental health service settings.
Syndesmotic and Deltoid Injuries: Companions or Coincidences
Authors: Gaube Federico Paolo , Maßen Felix , Polzer Hans , Böcker Wolfgang , Reidler Paul , Saller Maximilian Michael , Baumbach Sebastian Felix , Hesse Nina
Published: September 2024

Background:

Syndesmotic complex injuries are supposedly associated with injuries to the deltoid ligament (DL) complex. Several syndesmosis classifications take DL injuries into account when rating the stability of the syndesmotic injury. Still, no study has yet assessed the frequency and severity of DL injuries in unstable syndesmotic injuries. The aim of this retrospective cohort study was to assess both the severity of the syndesmotic and DL injury in patients undergoing surgery for an unstable syndesmotic injury.

Methods:

The integrity of the syndesmotic and DL complex of 37 patients were assessed on MRI by 2 musculoskeletal radiologists. Eligible were adult patients with an acute, isolated, unstable syndesmotic injury (ligamentous or bony avulsions) who underwent surgery. The DL complex was classified as having 3 superficial (TNL/TSL/TCL) and 2 deep (aTTL/pTTL) components. Grade 0 indicated an intact ligament; grade I showed a periligamentous edema; grade II a partial tear presenting as laxity, irregular contour, or partial discontinuity with concomitant hyperintense signaling; grade III a complete tear; or grade IV in case of an avulsion fracture. Frequency and severity of DL injuries were assessed, and possible injury combinations analyzed using an h-cluster analysis and Mann-Whitney U test.

Results:

Mean severity (grade 0-3) was 2.6 ± 0.8 for the syndesmotic complex and 1.6 ± 1.1 for the DL (superficial 1.5 ± 1.1, deep 1.6 ± 1.1). Seven patients (19%) had no (n = 3; 8%) or minor (grade 1: n = 4; 11%) DL injuries. Overall, 2 different patient clusters and 4 separate ligament clusters were identified.

Conclusion:

Unstable syndesmotic injuries can occur isolated or with an accompanying DL injury. There appears to be a great heterogeneity between the severity of syndesmotic and deltoid ligament injuries.
CT-based sarcopenia assessment: Predicting outcomes in acute infection patients
Authors: Elkan Matan , Cochavi Lior , Khashper Alla , Kravchik Eli , Kravitz Ella , Koren Ronit
Published: September 2024

In this retrospective cohort study, we investigated the prognostic value of sarcopenia evaluated by Computed Tomography (CT)-based indices for adverse hospitalization outcomes in patients with acute infections. We analyzed data from 225 patients admitted to the hospital for acute infections between 2019 and 2020. Patients who had undergone an abdominal CT scan either up to 1 month before or within the first 3 days of hospitalization were included. CT image analysis was used to evaluate skeletal muscle mass (by skeletal muscle index (SMI)) and muscle quality (by psoas muscle density, pMD). Low pMD was associated with higher in-hospital mortality (31% vs 11.4% p < 0.001) as well as higher longer-term mortality rates (p = 0.008 for 30 days and <0.001 for 90- and 1-year mortality). Low pMD remained an independent poor prognostic factor after controlling for confounders, with an adjusted odds ratio (aOR) of 2.74, (95% CI 1.33–5.67, p = 0.006) for 1-year mortality, and aOR of 2.61, (95% CI 1.23–5.55) for a prolonged hospital stay. Low SMI was associated with adverse outcomes, although this association was not independent after controlling for confounders. Notably, patients with both low SMI and pMD exhibited the poorest hospitalization outcomes: aOR for 1-year mortality 5.015 (95% CI 1.767–14.23, p = 0.002), and prolonged length of stay aOR 3.197, (95% CI 1.159–8.821, p = 0.025). CT-based muscle indices serve as independent prognostic factors in medical patients admitted with acute infection. Incorporating radiological assessments of sarcopenia into routine care for hospitalized patients with acute infection may enable risk stratification and early intervention in reversible conditions.
Numerical eigen-spectrum slicing, accurate orthogonal eigen-basis, and mixed-precision eigenvalue refinement using OpenMP data-dependent tasks and accelerator offload
Authors: Luszczek Piotr , Castaldo Anthony , Tsai Yaohung M , Mishler Daniel , Dongarra Jack
Published: September 2024

Performing a variety of numerical computations efficiently and, at the same time, in a portable fashion requires both an overarching design followed by a number of implementation strategies. All of these are exemplified below as we present transitioning the PLASMA numerical library from relying on dependence-driven large tasks to achieving utilization of fine grain tasking and offload to hardware accelerators while keeping its core dependence sets: OpenMP source code pragmas and runtime for most system-level functionality and basic low-level numerical kernels provided directly by hardware vendors or open source projects with vendor contributions. We also present new algorithmic methods and their efficient parallel implementations including fine grained tasking for eigen-spectrum slicing and offload for mixed-precision eigenvalue refinement. We provide performance, scaling, and numerical results showing sizable gains over the available solutions from either the open source and vendor-provided packages.
Broadband frequency vibration isolation in pipelines using BCC meta-lattice sandwich sleeves
Authors: Zhang Wukun , Tan Yonghua , Gao Yushan , Yang Yan , Liu Yongquan , Wang Jun , Zhao Jian
Published: September 2024

Pipeline structures usually suffer from serious vibration problems due to pressure pulsation and fluid excitation, potentially compromising their structural stability and service life. In this paper, a lightweight body center cubic (BCC) meta-lattice sandwich sleeve is proposed to isolate vibrations in pipelines within a broadband frequency range. The vibration isolation is based on the concepts of the locally resonant metamaterials. An equivalent mass-spring model is conducted to theoretically predict frequency range and elucidate the generation mechanism of the band gap. In addition, an analytical methodology is also proposed to predict the equivalent stiffness of the BCC meta-lattice sleeves. The influence of geometric parameters and configuration layout of the meta-lattice on the flexural wave band gap is further investigated. Numerical studies and experimental tests are also conducted to validate the vibration isolation effectiveness, considering various pipe lengths and different numbers of meta-lattice units. The proposed design provides fundamental support for the design of lightweight vibration isolation structure for pipelines.
The chair of diseases of the eyes and urinary bladder in the university of Naples in XVIII century and the institution of autonomous university chairs of ophtalmology in Vienna and in Naples
Authors: Jungano Renato , Castagnolo Gloria
Published: September 2024

In 1779, a chair entitled “Malattie degli occhi e della vescica urinaria” (“Eyes and Urinary Bladder diseases”) was established at the University of Naples and was assigned to Michele Troja, Enlightenment scientist, physician and surgeon. As in the case of Ophthalmology teaching, assigned to Joseph Barth, at the University of Vienna, also in Naples this was not recognized as an independent chair until later on, in Vienna with Joseph Beer and in Naples with Giovan Battista Quadri, a student of Beer. Michele Troja in 1780, gathered all his university lectures on eye diseases into a book that constituted an Ophthalmology text for students and physicians. This text, which today has considerable historical interest, was used for many years also after Troja's teaching ended.
Assessment of radiological and functional outcomes of complex acetabulum fracture managed with combined anterior and posterior approach in a single anaesthetic setting: a retrospective study
Authors: Kumar Dharmendra , Kushwaha Narendra Singh , Mahendra Mayank , Verma Sharad , Sriwastava Ankit , Kumar Ashish , Arora Kshitiz , Sharma Vineet
Published: September 2024

Background:

Appropriate selection of surgical approach for associated fractures of the acetabulum that involves both columns is still elusive. Therefore, present study aimed to assess the quality of life of complex acetabulum fracture managed with combined anterior and posterior approach (dual approach) as well as the association of postoperative reduction and patient reported outcomes.

Material and methods:

This retrospective study was performed on 42 associated acetabular fracture patients with involvement of both columns, who were treated with a dual approach including combined anterior modified ilio-inguinal approach in combination with posterior Kocher-Langenbeck (K-L) approach in a single anaesthetic session having minimum two years follow-up. Postoperative reduction and radiological outcomes were assessed using Matta criteria. Functional outcome was assessed by a score system developed by Merle d’Aubigné-Postel. Patient-reported outcomes were assessed using the 36-Item Short Form Survey (SF-36).

Results:

The mean age of participants was 47.9 ± 11.95 years and mean follow-up period was 2.8 ± 0.49 years. Anatomical reduction was achieved in 32 (76.19%) cases in postoperative period. 8 (19.04%) cases had congruent and 2 (4.76%) had incongruent reduction. Radiological and functional outcome was excellent/good n = 35 (83.33%) cases. Patient-reported outcome on domains physical function and role physical showed a significant improvement between 6 to 24 months period ( p < 0.001).

Conclusions:

The dual approach for complex acetabulum fracture with mid-term follow-up showed good to excellent radiological and functional outcomes. A significant improvement in patient-reported outcomes on Physical function and Role physical domains of SF-36 was also seen over the follow-up period.
Objective validation of alternative speech test sources for person-to-person speech intelligibility assessments
Authors: Gomez-Agustina Luis , Hartungi Rusdy
Published: September 2024

A sound source that mimics the acoustics characteristics of a human talker is required in objective assessments of speech intelligibility in person-to-person speech communications (PP) scenarios. The few special speech test sources available that meet the strict specifications of the relevant standards are costly and can be inaccessible to practitioners. This can prevent investigations or can lead to non-special and more affordable loudspeakers to be used as alternative sources without knowledge of their suitability. This study evaluates the validity of non-special loudspeakers in PP assessments and supplements a previous preliminary examination by consolidating and expanding early findings. Speech Transmission Index Public Address (STIPA) assessments were conducted employing three representative non-special loudspeakers and one standardized reference speech test source under laboratory conditions. Absolute errors of STIPA measurements were analysed and evaluated against two just perceivable difference (JND) threshold levels. The mean absolute errors obtained for all non-special loudspeakers for almost all scenarios were within one JND of any of the two JND levels. The striking and consistent low level of error found validated the proposition that non-special and affordable loudspeakers may be used as suitable speech sources in pilot or survey-grade speech intelligibility assessments in place of a special standardized speech source when that source is not available, or in full investigations when the relevant standard to adhere to allows the use of those alternative speech sources.
Integrating large language models in care, research, and education in multiple sclerosis management
Authors: Inojosa Hernan , Voigt Isabel , Wenk Judith , Ferber Dyke , Wiest Isabella , Antweiler Dario , Weicken Eva , Gilbert Stephen , Kather Jakob Nikolas , Akgün Katja , Ziemssen Tjalf
Published: September 2024

Use of techniques derived from generative artificial intelligence (AI), specifically large language models (LLMs), offer a transformative potential on the management of multiple sclerosis (MS). Recent LLMs have exhibited remarkable skills in producing and understanding human-like texts. The integration of AI in imaging applications and the deployment of foundation models for the classification and prognosis of disease course, including disability progression and even therapy response, have received considerable attention. However, the use of LLMs within the context of MS remains relatively underexplored. LLMs have the potential to support several activities related to MS management. Clinical decision support systems could help selecting proper disease-modifying therapies; AI-based tools could leverage unstructured real-world data for research or virtual tutors may provide adaptive education materials for neurologists and people with MS in the foreseeable future. In this focused review, we explore practical applications of LLMs across the continuum of MS management as an initial scope for future analyses, reflecting on regulatory hurdles and the indispensable role of human supervision.
Antiviral potential of phenolic compounds against HSV-1: In-vitro study
Authors: Zangooie Shahrzad , Ghanbari Reza , Jalilian Farid Azizi , Mahmoudvand Shahab , Teimoori Ali
Published: September 2024

Background

This in vitro study aimed to investigate the effect of several phenolic compounds, including doxorubicin, quercetin, and resveratrol, on HSV-1 infection.

Methods

The cytotoxicity of the drugs was assessed on Vero cells using the MTT assay. HSV-1 was treated with the drugs, and the supernatants were collected at various time points. TCID50% and qPCR tests were conducted on the supernatants to determine viral titration post-inoculation.

Results

The TCID50% assay showed significant changes in viral titration for acyclovir, doxorubicin, and quercetin at most concentrations ( p-value < .05), while no significant changes were observed for resveratrol. The qPCR results demonstrated that drug-treated HSV-1 exhibited a significant reduction in DNA titers at various time points compared to non-treated HSV-1 infected Vero cells, except doxorubicin (0.2 µM) and acyclovir (5 µm). However, over time, DNA virus levels gradually increased in the drug-treated groups. Notably, at certain concentrations of doxorubicin and quercetin-treated groups, virus titer significantly declined, similar to acyclovir.

Conclusions

Our findings suggest that quercetin at concentrations of 62 and 125 µM significantly reduced HSV-1 infectivity, as well as these two concentrations of quercetin showed a significant difference in virus reduction compared with acyclovir (10 µM) at certain time points. The anti-inflammatory properties of quercetin, in contrast to acyclovir, make it a potential candidate for anti HSV-1 treatment in life-threatening conditions such as Herpes encephalitis. Additionally, doxorubicin, an anticancer drug, showed meaningful inhibition of HSV-1 at non-toxic concentrations of 2 and 8 µM, suggesting its potential interference with HSV-1 in viral-oncolytic therapy in cancer treatment.
Fatigue enhancement in complex U-rib to diaphragm welds via rib-surface-bonded CFRP plates: Performance evaluation and configuration design
Authors: Jiang Fei , Ding Youliang , Song Yongsheng , Yang Kang
Published: September 2024

U-rib to diaphragm welds in orthotropic steel decks (OSDs) experience mixed-mode fatigue cracks and exhibit a more intricate stress state compared to the well-studied deck to U-rib welds. To mitigate the failure risks associated with such cracks, an investigation was conducted into a strengthening method using externally bonded carbon fiber-reinforced polymer (CFRP) plates through extensive fatigue experiments and numerical simulations. Three large segmental OSD specimens were tested to evaluate fatigue behavior, as well as stress indicators and crack growth rates before and after strengthening. Complementing the experimental results, validated multi-scale numerical models were established to provide further insight into stress intensity factors. This study demonstrated the effectiveness of the strengthening method and thoroughly investigated the influences of various strengthening parameters. A three-step method for determining the optimal strengthening configuration was also proposed, aiming to maximize both structural safety and the probability of crack arrest. The findings presented in this study contribute to our understanding of fatigue behavior in OSDs and provide valuable guidance for the design and application of CFRPs in bridge maintenance.
Empathy and ethics in brand activism: Balancing engagement and responsibility
Authors: Scalvini Marco
Published: September 2024

The recent surge in corporate responses to social and political crises marks a pivotal shift in how brands perceive their societal roles. This study explores “brand activism,” a phenomenon whereby brands engage in social advocacy through digital platforms, reflecting a strategic integration of social issues into their core identity and marketing practices. This proactive stance not only raises awareness and mobilizes support but also raises ethical concerns about the potential for brands to exploit social causes for commercial gain. Employing qualitative content analysis with a critical phenomenological approach, this research investigates how individuals engage empathy-based representations within brand activism on digital platforms. Data from interviews with 37 young adults reveal that while brand activism can foster a sense of empowerment and moral alignment, it also risks superficial engagement and selective empathy. This study highlights the ethical considerations in brand activism and how digital media shapes moral reasoning in contemporary branding.
Research on combustion cycle-by-cycle variations under high load in SACI mode and application potential of i-EGR coupling air dilution when fueled with methanol and gasoline
Authors: Zhou You , Xie Fangxi , Zhang Boqiang , Sun Peng , Zhang Xun , Zhang Meiyue
Published: September 2024

Spark assist compression ignition (SACI) is a efficient combustion mode but roughness combustion under high load limits its application. This test analyzed the combustion parameters variation coefficient and quantified the correlation between combustion parameters with spark ignition ratio under high load SACI mode for engine fueled with methanol and gasoline, further studied the potential of i-EGR combining air dilution on improving combustion performance. Results showed that fueled with methanol can reduce in-cylinder pressure and pressure rise rate, and relieve the combustion roughness. However, compared with gasoline engine, the combustion parameters was more sensitive to ignition timing and i-EGR rate, especially for combustion phase parameters like ignition delay, combustion center and so on. Introducing small amount of high-temperature exhaust gas into cylinder will induce rougher combustion, but cylinder pressure significantly reduced and combustion phase parameters fluctuated with i-EGR rate increasing. Under high i-EGR rate, methanol as an oxygenated fuel was more beneficial to maintain stable combustion. I-EGR coupling air dilution can significantly improve the economic performance under high load SACI mode, fuel economy improvements of up to about 17.4% and 19% compared to the origin point when fueled with gasoline and methanol. EGR combining air dilution can simultaneously improve BSNOX, BSTHC, and BSCO emissions.
The child's welfare interest-based right to bodily integrity
Authors: Townsend Kate Goldie
Published: September 2024

Children are individuals, and they are owed rights as individuals. Here, I offer a defence of the child's right to bodily integrity against genital cutting and modification practices. The liberal commitment to the right to bodily integrity works with the harm principle as a liberty limiting commitment within a system that respects people's embodied moral personhood and their decisions about their lives and bodies. Like adults within a political system committed to the equal protection of individual rights, children must have equal rights that transcend the differences between them. But, they are different to adults in important ways, both philosophically and empirically. I offer an account of the child's right to bodily integrity that recognises them as particular embodied individuals, and prioritises their welfare interest in having their bodily integrity respected.
Delineation Errors Caused by Replication and Expansion Operations in Monaco
Authors: Zhang Dewen , Yin Huarui , Xu Ling , Qiu Wentong , Yin Xianfang , Xie Kai , Ni Xinye
Published: September 2024

Background

This study aims to investigate the errors in structure volume and shape caused by the replication, expansion, and merging operations of the Monaco system and analyze their influence on dosimetry evaluation.

Methods

A retrospective collection of 30 patients undergoing radiotherapy was utilized. Cylinders with radii of 5, 10, and 30 mm were delineated in computerized tomography (CT) images from 10 patients with thoracic and abdominal issues, and the Margins function in Monaco was used to expand the margins by 0, 3, 5, and 10 mm in 2D mode. In 10 patients with vertebral metastases, the Margins function was utilized to replicate and merge targets, and the Copy Structure function was employed to replicate targets. Cross-CT replication was performed for the targets of 10 patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma. The deviation between the processed structure volume and the ideal value was compared. The difference in the maximum dose (Dmax) before and after lens replication was evaluated in 10 patients undergoing whole-brain radiotherapy.

Results

Monaco's Margins function increased the volume of the processed structure during the copying procedure. The margin error was equivalent to expanding the structure by 0.3–0.4 mm, and a margin error of 0.3–0.4 mm was produced in each expansion instance. The volume deviation for a cylinder with a radius of 5 mm was 12.99%. The Merge function of Margins copied substructures and merged them. The Copy Structure function did not alter the structure during copying, but the volume was reduced by less than 1% after copying across CT. Dmax after lens replication was higher than that before replication, with a median difference of 31.3 cGy for the left lenses.

Conclusion

Monaco's Margins function introduces errors in organ replication, expansion, and merging, resulting in incorrect dose assessment. Physicians should be mindful of the potential effects when utilizing them.
Pulmonary Aneurysmal Arteriovenous Malformation Treated With a Vascular Plug
Authors: Gonzalez-Urquijo Mauricio , Marchesini Michelle , Marine Leopoldo , Vargas Jose Francisco , Bergoeing Michel , Mertens Renato , Valdes Francisco
Published: September 2024

Purpose

To report a case of an asymptomatic patient with a pulmonary aneurysmal arterio-venous malformation successfully treated with a vascular plug.

Case report

An active 30-year-old male patient, residing at 3000 ft above sea level was referred due to an incidental finding on a CT scan of a 37 mm vascular mass localized in the lower lobe of the right lung, which corresponded to a pulmonary arteriovenous malformation with a single feeding artery. The patient was treated with an Amplatzer vascular plug, which effectively excluded the afferent vessel. An angio CT at 19 months follow-up revealed a hypodense residual mass of 9.0 mm in diameter with no arterial filling or venous drainage. The patient is fully active and remains asymptomatic at 24 months follow-up.

Conclusion

An unusual case of a pulmonary aneurysmal arteriovenous malformation successfully treated with a vascular plug is presented, highlighting the efficiency of this procedure.
Perceived Impact of Sensory Integration Therapy on the Family
Authors: Piller Aimee , Osborne Brooklyn , McHugh Conlin Jessica
Published: September 2024

Background:

Many children with sensory processing differences receive occupational therapy services using sensory integration therapy (SIT). Studies exist to demonstrate the effects of this intervention on the child receiving the service. However, children exist as part of a family unit. There is limited research to examine the effect of SIT on the family.

Objectives:

The purpose of this study was to explore the perceptions and experiences of caregivers as to the impact on families of children who received SIT.

Methodology:

Qualitative, phenomenological methodology was utilized.

Results:

Results revealed four themes: family routines, parent response/reaction to sensory, modified participation in family activities needs, and improved regulation leading to increased family participation outside the home.

Conclusion:

This study indicates that parents perceive positive effects on participation of the family unit and for the child receiving SIT therapy.
Parasagittal dural arteriovenous fistulas
Authors: Su Xin , Zhu Jiabin , Li Yuying , Song Zihao , Sun Liyong , Ye Ming , Hong Tao , Ma Yongjie , Zhang Hongqi , Zhang Peng
Published: September 2024

Background

The majority of studies on parasagittal dural arteriovenous fistulas (DAVFs) have been limited to case reports or case series, and they are frequently reported alongside true superior sagittal sinus (SSS) DAVFs. Because of the selective bias present in the reporting of dispersed small numbers of parasagittal DAVFs, the results of each study may influence the findings. As a result, we present a large sequential cohort of parasagittal DAVFs from our institution spanning a 20-year period.

Methods

This study was a retrospective analysis involving 80 patients with parasagittal DAVFs who were hospitalized at a single medical center from 2002 to 2022. We explore their clinical manifestations, angioarchitecture, clinical and radiographic outcomes.

Results

We identified 80 patients with 85 parasagittal DAVFs. The cohort consisted of 69 men and 11 women, with a M ± SD age of 50.5 ± 11.1 years. Seventy-six patients underwent trans-arterial embolization (TAE), two underwent surgery, and two received conservative treatment. Immediate complete occlusion was achieved in 74 cases (94.9%). Fifty (96.2%) patients were cured, with no recurrence detected on final follow-up imaging. One patient died 6 months after the final subtotal occlusion, while the other patients experienced improvement or resolution of clinical symptoms following treatment.

Conclusions

These lesions carry a high risk of hemorrhage and nonhemorrhagic neurological deficits. In our series, TAE achieved a high cure rate for these lesions, with no major complications reported.
Antibody drug conjugates in recurrent or metastatic cervical cancer: a focus on tisotumab vedotin state of art
Authors: Camarda Floriana , Paderno Mariachiara , Cannizzaro Maria Chiara , Nero Camilla , Sabatucci Ilaria , Fucà Giovanni , Musacchio Lucia , Salutari Vanda , Scambia Giovanni , Lorusso Domenica
Published: September 2024

Cervical cancer (CC) is still characterized by a poor prognosis despite the progress made in its treatment in recent years. Although immunotherapy has improved outcomes for advanced/recurrent disease, there is a significant gap in addressing patients’ needs when they progress after platinum and immunotherapy treatments. In this setting, traditional chemotherapy showed limited effectiveness. In this context, antibody–drug conjugates (ADCs) emerged as a promising tool within targeted cancer therapies. Tisotumab vedotin (TV), an ADC targeting tissue factor, represents the first ADC approved by the US Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of recurrent or metastatic CC with disease progression on or after chemotherapy. In phase I–III published trials, TV has already demonstrated an advantage in terms of objective response rate (17.8%–54.4%) and progression-free survival (3.1–6.9 months) in patients who progressed to the first-line standard therapy. Data concerning the addition of TV to platinum/pembrolizumab first-line chemotherapy are still under analysis and strongly expected. However, several questions are still unresolved: (1) the identification of the most suitable timing for ADCs administration in the treatment sequence of advanced/recurrent CC; (2) the evaluation of combination therapies as a tool to minimize the emergence of resistant clones and to enhance overall effectiveness; and (3) the assessment of tolerability and correct management of special toxicities (e.g. ocular and neurological adverse events). In the near future, an improvement in patient selection via biomarker-driven strategies should be crucial for optimizing both treatment benefits and maintaining an acceptable toxicity profile.
HIT4HYPOS Continuous Glucose Monitoring Data Analysis: The Effects of High-Intensity Interval Training on Hypoglycemia in People With Type 1 Diabetes and Impaired Awareness of Hypoglycemia
Authors: Farrell Catriona M. , Cappon Giacomo , West Daniel J. , Facchinetti Andrea , McCrimmon Rory J.
Published: September 2024

Aims:

To assess the impact of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) on hypoglycemia frequency and duration in people with type 1 diabetes (T1D) with impaired awareness of hypoglycemia (IAH).

Methods:

Post hoc analysis of four weeks of continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) data from HIT4HYPOS; a parallel-group study comparing HIIT + CGM versus no exercise + CGM in 18 participants with T1D and IAH.

Results:

When compared with those participating individuals not exercising, HIIT did not increase total hypoglycemia frequency, THypo(L1) 1.44 [1.00-2.77]% versus 2.53 [1.46-4.23]%; P = .335, THypo(L2) 0.25 [0.09-0.37]% versus 0.45 [0.20-0.78]%; P = .146, HIIT + CGM versus CGM, respectively, rate ( EventPerWeekHypo 5.30 [3.35-8.27] #/week vs 7.45 [3.54-10.81] #/week, P = .340) or duration ( DurationHypo 33.33 [27.60-39.10] minutes vs 39.56 [31.00-48.38] minutes; P = .219, HIIT + CGM vs CGM, respectively). There was a reduction in nocturnal hypoglycemia in those who carried out HIIT, THypo(L1) 0.50 [0.13-0.97]% versus 2.45 [0.77-4.74]%; P = .076; THypo(L2) 0.00 [0.00-0.03]% versus 0.49 [0.13-0.74]%; P = .006, HIIT + CGM versus CGM, respectively.

Conclusions/interpretation:

Based on CGM data collected from a real-world study of four weeks of HIIT versus no exercise in individuals with T1D and IAH, we conclude that HIIT does not increase hypoglycemia, and in fact reduces exposure to nocturnal hypoglycemia.
Recent Progress in the Isolation and Bioactivities of Carbazole Alkaloids
Authors: Dau-Xuan Duc , Nguyen-Thi Chung , Vo-Cong Dung
Published: September 2024

Objective/Background

Carbazole derivatives have a tricyclic skeleton, consisting of a central pyrrole ring fused with two benzene rings. Carbazole derivatives are an important class of nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compounds that are widely found in nature and in synthetic source. These heterocycles possess a wide range of bioactivities and some of them have been marketed as drugs for the treatment of various diseases. Although some review articles on carbazole alkaloids have appreared in the literature, they are quite outdated. The current study offers a comprehensive review on the isolation and bioactivities of carbazole alkaloids within a decade. The article might be useful for chemists who work in alkaloid chemistry as well as pharmaceutical area.

Methods

‘Carbazole alkaloids’ was the most useful keyword to search for literature data. References have been collected from various resources such as Google Scholar, SciFinder, and PubMed. More than 70 electronic publications were obtained from these resources.

Results

More than 230 carbazole alkaloids have been isolated and structurally elucidated from different sources. Carbazole alkaloids possess a wide range of bioactivities, such as antimicrobial, antiimflamatory, anticancer, neuroprotective properties activities.

Conclusion

In this review article, we have summarized 66 studies on isolation and bioactivities of carbazole alkaloids in the literature. More than 230 carbazole alkaloid compounds have been isolated and identified. In addition, the article also gives an overview on bioactivities of carbazole alkaloids.
Cardamom Essential Oil-Loaded Nanostructured Lipid Carrier Reduces Obesity and Mitigates Diabetes Mellitus in Rats Fed with High Sugar/High Fat Diet
Authors: Ahmed Basima Sadq
Published: September 2024

Background: Obesity is a chronic disease and one of the characteristic features of metabolic syndrome that is associated with severe health problems such as diabetes, hypertension, and cardiovascular diseases. Objective: To assess the effectiveness of the Cardamom Essential Oil-Loaded Nanostructured Lipid Carrier) CEO-NLC) as a potential therapeutic agent to lower blood sugar and an anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and weight-reducing agent. Methods: A total of 24 male Wistar rats, aged 8–10 weeks and weighing 200–410 g, were used in this study. The rats were divided into four groups: negative control (G1), diabetic control (G2), treatment group (CEO-NLC) (G3), and positive control (Empagliflozin; EMPA) (G4). Diabetes was induced in all groups by injection of Streptozotocin (50 mg/kg) except G1. Then, animals were treated consecutively for four weeks. On day 29, they were sacrificed, and blood/tissue samples were collected for serological and histopathological analysis, respectively. Results: Significant decrease in blood sugar levels on day 28 for both the CEO-NLC group and EMPA versus diabetic control group were seen (250 mg in CEO-NLC, and 300 mg in EMPA, vs 450 mg in the diabetic control group). CEO-NLC achieved a significant effect as a weight-losing agent (p = 0.004). Proinflammatory biomarkers and kidney and liver function tests were enhanced after CEO-NLC treatment. Additionally, substantial histopathological modifications in the CEO-NLC group were also seen compared to the diabetic group and EMPA group. Conclusions: CEO-NLC has potential activity in lowering blood sugar levels, aiding weight loss, and eventually, organ protection ability.