bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Hybrid accounts: Shell’s letter to Mr and Mrs shareholder
Authors: Pupovac Sanja , Moerman Lee
Published: May 2017

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to use a hybrid account of oil spills in Nigeria to explore the recursive relationship between a multinational company, specific shareholders and the public. A response to Mr and Mrs Shareholders’ concerns is considered an exercise in corporate discursive hegemony and enacts rhetorical accountability.

Design/methodology/approach

The authors adopt Debord’s (1967, 1988) concept of the spectacle with Boje’s (2001) antenarrative approach as a critical postmodern framing of Shell’s narrative of oil spills in both local and global contexts. An antenarrative approach considers how stories are woven to produce a unified and omnipotent narrative or image.

Findings

MNCs face considerable uncertainties arising from the operational conditions in developing countries and produce a range of accounts for spectators. As theatrical events, they contribute to the spectacle of power that rationalises controversy and suppresses resistance.

Research limitations/implications

To overcome the limitations of using a single document as empirical material the authors consider the response letter as an example of an institutional framing of oil spill phenomena in general.

Social implications

By understanding the construction of the spectacle the authors open avenues for resistance to corporate discursive hegemony in the form of carnivalesque.

Originality/value

The paper adds to the understanding of hybrid forms of resistance in an era of increasing MNC power and reach. It demonstrates how the actual production and distribution has persuasive power as a form of rhetorical accountability.
The relationship between transformational client leadership and auditor objectivity
Authors: Svanberg Jan , Öhman Peter , Neidermeyer Presha E.
Published: May 2017

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to investigate whether transformational leadership affects auditor objectivity.

Design/methodology/approach

The investigation is based on a field survey of 198 practicing auditors employed by audit firms operating in Sweden.

Findings

This study finds that transformational client leadership negatively affects auditor objectivity and that the effect is only partially mediated by client identification. Given these results, suggesting that auditors are susceptible to influence by their clients’ perceived exercise of transformational leadership, leadership theory appears relevant to the discussion of auditor objectivity in the accounting literature.

Originality/value

Previous accounting research has applied the social identity theory framework and found that client identification impairs auditor objectivity. However, the effect of transformational client leadership on auditor objectivity, which reflects an intense auditor-client relationship, has been neglected before this study.
Is mental capacity in the eye of the beholder?
Authors: Ruck Keene Alex
Published: May 2017

Purpose

The purpose of this paper – written by a practising barrister specialising in the Mental Capacity Act 2005 – is to survey law and practice in England and Wales with a view to sketch out a preliminary answer as to whether it can be said there is, in fact, any legally defensible concept of mental capacity.

Design/methodology/approach

Review of case-law in England and Wales and relevant domestic and international law, in particular the Mental Capacity Act 2005 and the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (“CRPD”).

Findings

It is right, and inescapable, to say that mental capacity is in the eye of the beholder, and will remain so even if we seek to recast our legislative provisions. Rather – and perhaps ironically – the conclusion set out above means that we need to look less at the person being assessed, and more at the person doing the assessing. We also need to further look at the process of assessment so as to ensure that those who are required to carry it out are self-aware and acutely alive to the values and pre-conceptions that they may be bringing to the situation.

Research limitations/implications

It seems to me that it is right, and inescapable, to say that mental capacity is in the eye of the beholder, and will remain so even if we seek to recast our legislative provisions. Absent major developments in neuroscience, it will inescapably remain a concept which requires judgments based on interactions between the assessor and the assessed. But that is not thereby to say that it is an irremediably relative and flawed concept upon which we cannot place any weight. Rather the conclusion set out above means that we need to look less at the person being assessed, and more at the person doing the assessing. We also need further to look at the process of assessment so as to ensure that those who are required to carry it out are self-aware and acutely alive to the values and pre-conceptions that they may be bringing to the situation.

Originality/value

This paper serves as a reflection on the best part of a decade spent grappling with the MCA 2005 in and out of the court room, a decade increasingly informed by and challenged by the requirements of the CRPD.
Information behaviour and decision-making in patients during their cancer journey
Authors: Chen Shih-Chuan
Published: May 2017

Purpose

This paper aims to investigate the effect of cancer patients’ information behaviour on their decision-making at the diagnosis and treatment stages of their cancer journey. Patients’ information sources and their decision-making approaches were analyzed.

Design/methodology/approach

Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 15 participants.

Findings

The cancer patients sought information from various sources in choosing a hospital, physician, treatment method, diet and alternative therapy. Physicians were the primary information source. The patients’ approaches to treatment decision-making were diverse. An informed approach was adopted by nine patients, a paternalistic approach by four and a shared decision-making approach by only two.

Practical implications

In practice, the findings may assist hospitals and medical professionals in fostering pertinent interactions with patients.

Originality/value

The findings can enhance researcher understanding regarding the effect of cancer patients’ information behaviour on their decision-making.
Modelling web-based library service quality and user loyalty in the context of a developing country
Authors: Haruna Bala , Kiran K. , Tahira Muzammil
Published: May 2017

Purpose

This study aims to empirically validate the LibWebSQ measurement scale. In addition, it investigates the relationship between perceived web-based service quality and three other latent constructs, namely, user satisfaction, service value and user loyalty.

Design/methodology/approach

A quantitative survey design was used to collect the data. Structural equation modeling was used to determine the influence of web-based service quality on the three latent constructs. The respondents were students, academic staff and non-academic staff from two federal universities in the North-western zone of Nigeria.

Findings

The findings of the path analysis indicate that perceived web-based service quality and service value exhibit no statistically significant direct influence on user loyalty. However, user satisfaction has a direct positive influence on user loyalty, and it also mediates the relationship between web-based service quality and user loyalty to the library.

Research limitations/implications

The LibWebSQ is a reliable and valid scale to be used in Nigerian university libraries for web-based service quality measurement. User loyalty in academic libraries can be modelled as a result of service quality and user satisfaction

Practical implications

This study provides a means of assessing web-based library service quality and further improving the policy and practice in university libraries.

Originality value

This is the first attempt to assess web-based library service quality using the LibWebSQ measurement scale. A satisfactory model fit is obtained, which allows the measurement model to be integrated with service value, user satisfaction and user loyalty. The study contributes to the conceptualization of web-based library service quality.
MHD-mixed convection flow in a lid-driven trapezoidal cavity under uniformly/non-uniformly heated bottom wall
Authors: Javed T. , Mehmood Z. , Pop Ioan
Published: May 2017

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to analyze numerical results for heat transfer through mixed convection in an incompressible steady lid-driven fluid flow inside a trapezoidal cavity in the presence of a uniform magnetic field.

Design/methodology/approach

In this study, the authors have considered three different cases, in which left and right walls of the cavity are tilted at different angles of 0, 30 and 45 degrees, respectively. Both left and right side walls of the cavity are taken cold and the upper wall is insulated and assumed moving with constant speed, whereas the bottom wall is considered to be heated uniformly/non-uniformly. To eliminate pressure term, penalty method is applied to governing Navier–Stokes’ equations. The reduced equations are solved by Galerkin weighted residual technique of finite element method. Grid-independent results are obtained and shown in terms of plots for streamlines, isotherms, Nusselt number and average Nusselt number for a wide range of flow parameters, including Rayleigh numbers Ra, Prandtl number Pr and Hartman number Ha.

Findings

It has been observed that the effects of moving lid become negligible for Ra = 100,000, whereas increasing Rayleigh number results in stronger streamline circulation and convection dominant effects inside the enclosure. Local Nusselt number Nu along the bottom wall is observed to be maximum at edges and it reduces while moving toward the center from edges, and attains minimum value at the center of the bottom wall.

Research limitations/implications

The problem is modeled for laminar and incompressible flow, induced magnetic field has been considered negligibly small and local thermal equilibrium has been assumed.

Originality/value

In this investigation, the authors have presented new and original results for mixed convection flow inside a lid-driven trapezoidal cavity under the influence of a magnetic field. Hence, this study would be important for the researchers working in the area of heat transfer in cavity flows involving magnetic effects to become familiar with the flow behavior and properties.
Unsteady general solution for MHD natural convection flow with radiative effects, heat source and shear stress on the boundary
Authors: Fetecau Constantin , Akhtar Shahraz , Pop Ioan , Fetecau Corina
Published: May 2017

Purpose

The purpose of this note is to provide general solutions for radiative magnetohydrodynamic natural convection flow.

Design/methodology/approach

To obtain exact solutions for such motions of Newtonian fluids, as seen in the existing literature, the Laplace transform technique is used.

Findings

General solutions are obtained for temperature, velocity and Nusselt number in the presence of heat source and shear stress on the boundary. They can generate exact solutions for any motion with technical relevance of this type. Fluid velocity is presented as the sum of mechanical and thermal components. Influence of physical parameters on temperature and velocity is graphically underlined for ramp-type heating plate that applies a constantly accelerating shear stress to the fluid. Thermal and mechanical effects are significant and must be taken into consideration.

Practical implications

For illustration, as well as for a check of results, three special cases with applications in engineering are considered and some known results are recovered.

Originality/value

Obtained solutions are presented in the simplest forms. In addition, the solutions corresponding to cosine oscillatory heating and oscillating shear are presented so that they can be immediately reduced to those corresponding to constant heating and uniform shear if the oscillations’ frequency becomes zero. Heat transfer characteristics with thermal radiation are graphically illustrated using one parameter only for such motions.
Numerical simulation of a hypersonic flow past a blunt body
Authors: Hu Yumeng , Huang Haiming , Zhang Zimao
Published: May 2017

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to explore the characteristics of hypersonic flow past a blunt body.

Design/methodology/approach

The implicit finite volume schemes are derived from axisymmetric Navier–Stokes equations by means of AUSM+ and LU-SGS methods, and programmed in FORTRAN. Based on the verified result that a 2D axisymmetric chemical equilibrium flow has a good agreement with the literature, the characteristics of hypersonic flow past a sphere are simulated by using four different models which involve four factors, namely, viscous, inviscid, equilibrium and calorically perfect gas.

Findings

Compared with the calorically perfect gas under hypervelocity condition, the shock wave of the equilibrium gas is more close to the blunt body, gas density and pressure become bigger, but gas temperature is lower due to the effect of real gas. Viscous effects are not obvious in the calculations of the equilibrium gas or the calorically perfect gas. In a word, the model of equilibrium gas is more suitable for hypersonic flow and the calculation of viscous flow has a smaller error.

Originality/value

The computer codes are developed to simulate the characteristics of hypersonic flows, and this study will be helpful for the design of the thermal protection system in hypersonic vehicles.
Employees’ justice perceptions as a factor influencing successful outsourcing in the hospitality industry
Authors: Zoghbi-Manrique-de-Lara Pablo , Ting-Ding Jyh-Ming
Published: May 2017

Purpose

This study aims to hypothesize that the more in-house staff perceive themselves as beneficiaries of the procedural justice (PJ) followed in the outsourcing, or perceive their outsourced peers as recipients of distributive (DJ) and interactional justice (IJ), the more they will show acceptance and positive evaluations of the outsourcing initiatives. Although prior research in the hospitality industry has extensively studied individual-level reactions to organizational justice, no study has been undertaken to examine how hotel staff support and value outsourcing initiatives based on the way they perceive management’s treatment of them and their peers.

Design/methodology/approach

Questionnaire data from 215 in-house employees working side-by-side with outsourced employees at 14 hotels in Gran Canaria (Spain) were analyzed by using structural equation modeling.

Findings

The results found that in-house employees who perceived themselves or their outsourced peers as recipients of organizational justice to a greater extent reported greater support for outsourcing by expressing higher levels of acceptance and better evaluations. The results also supported procedural justice (PJ) as playing a dominant role over distributive (DJ) and interactional justice (IJ).

Research limitations/implications

The findings suggest that by encouraging justice perceptions among in-house employees, mainly those related to properly discussing the outsourcing procedures with affected employees, hotel managers can promote successful outsourcing. Given that in-house employees reacted not only to the way they were treated by hotel management but also to the way their outsourced peers were treated, the findings also indicate that all (un)fair treatment in outsourcing, regardless of the recipient, should receive explicit attention by hotel managers.

Originality/value

This paper is one of the first to primarily focus on the individual level of analysis in examining and supporting organizational justice in hotel firms as a factor influencing outsourcing success.
Moving beyond the Western versus Asian culture distinction
Authors: Weber Karin , Sparks Beverley , Hsu Cathy H.C.
Published: May 2017

Purpose

This study aims to analyze the joint effects of where a service failure occurs and who witnesses it, with a specific focus on Chinese consumers who have varying levels of acculturation.

Design/methodology/approach

A 4 × 2 × 2 between-subject factorial design was used, where social presence and the location of the service failure were manipulated and acculturation was measured. Data were collected in Australia and China to contrast perceptions and behavioral responses of Chinese – Australians and Mainland Chinese by drawing on samples of 224 and 264 respondents, respectively.

Findings

Results showed significant differences in face, satisfaction and repeat purchase intention ratings following a service failure between Chinese – Australians and Mainland Chinese, as well as among Chinese – Australians with different acculturation strategies. Contrary to expectations, results established that where and with whom a service failure is experienced prominently affect consumer behavior regardless of the acculturation level.

Practical implications

An understanding of the effect of acculturation on a service failure situation is crucial for businesses to successfully compete in a continuously globalized world where migration produces multicultural societies and short-term travel tends to significantly change demands on service provision.

Originality/value

This research presents one of the first studies that go beyond the traditional East/West consumer distinction in studying service failure. This study analyzes the effect of acculturation by itself and together with other variables of interest.
Effect of job insecurity on frontline employee’s performance
Authors: Darvishmotevali Mahlagha , Arasli Huseyin , Kilic Hasan
Published: May 2017

Purpose

The aim of this paper is to extend the knowledge of the link between job insecurity and job performance by exploring potential mediating mechanism of psychological strains and moderation role of psychological advantages on the mentioned relationship in the hospitality industry.

Design/methodology/approach

A sample of 288 frontline employees from five and four star hotels in north Cyprus was selected through judgmental sampling. Structural equation modeling was used to investigate the research model, and hierarchal multiple regression was used to test forwarded hypotheses.

Findings

The results showed that Job Insecurity mitigates Job Performance. The results further suggested that anxiety, as a psychological strain, mediates the effect of job insecurity on job performance. Additionally, psychological advantages (supervisor support and intrinsic motivation) play a crucial role as a delimiter against the negative effect of job insecurity on job performance.

Research limitations/implications

Hotel managers need to establish and communicate transparent human resource polices including, win-win-based employee contracts, fair selection, placement, appraisal, compensation, reward and similar human resource systems within hotels. Empowering and developing relations skills between supervisors and employees by providing continued training programs are vital for minimizing organizational stress and anxiety from job insecurity. Keeping in mind high employee turnover rates in the industry and its considerable costs, especially intrinsically motivated employees willing to work long hours should be selected in those organizations. Additionally, buddy-buddy approach in mentoring can be used by well-selected senior employees to help new employees socialize, improve their performance via social support and retain them in the end. By implication, lacking time lag is considered as the limitation.

Originality/value

Empirical research relating to the psychological strains and leverages of job insecurity is sparse in the hospitality industry. Based on job demand-resource and conservation of resource theories, the present research aimed to fill this gap.
Innovativeness in the context of technological and market dynamism
Authors: Rodrigo-Alarcón Job , García-Villaverde Pedro Manuel , Parra-Requena Gloria , Ruiz-Ortega María José
Published: May 2017

Purpose

Innovativeness is a critical aspect for the survival and success of the company in the long term. The purpose of this paper is to study how the density of the network in which the company is immersed influences the relationship between environment, dynamism and innovativeness. More specifically, the authors analyse whether the network density acts in a heterogeneous way, worsening or improving the effects of technological and market dynamism on innovativeness, respectively.

Design/methodology/approach

The empirical study was conducted on a sample of 292 companies in the agri-food industry in Spain. In order to test the proposed model, the authors used partial least squares.

Findings

The results show that technological dynamism has a positive effect on the generation and development of a firm’s innovativeness. However, market dynamism does not influence innovativeness. The authors also observe that the interactive effects between network density and dynamism are significant, but in a divergent way. Whereas the interactive effect between density and technological dynamism is negative, the interaction between density and market dynamism is positive.

Originality/value

The main contribution of the study is to show how the level of network density alters the effect of technological and market dynamism on innovativeness. The authors highlight the relevance of network theory to explain the contextual background to innovativeness. The authors also stress the importance of differentiating between the market and technological components of dynamism to further elucidate their effects.
Between continuity and change: CSR managers’ occupational rhetorics
Authors: Carollo Luca , Guerci Marco
Published: May 2017

Purpose

Corporate social responsibility (CSR) is often depicted as a major challenge to current business practices, and CSR managers have recently been indicated as prime examples of change agents. The purpose of this paper is to take an occupational perspective to consider these managers. It focuses in particular on their occupational rhetorics, which correspond to idealized images that CSR managers use to represent their work. These rhetorics are analyzed in order to shed light on CSR managers’ change potential in organizations.

Design/methodology/approach

The study, which benefits from collaboration with the Italian CSR Manager Network, draws on a multi-method research approach which included interviews, observations at public events and meetings, as well as focus groups with CSR managers.

Findings

Five broad rhetorical repertoires were identified: “the motor of change,” “the business-oriented,” “the fatalist,” “the idealist” and “the CSR bookkeeper” rhetorics. The primacy of the first two repertoires lead to the conclusion that CSR managers are more likely to foster continuity instead of change in current business practices.

Research limitations/implications

The study is mainly based on interview data and could therefore be extended by ethnographic investigations of CSR managers’ work or by observations of CSR managers’ language use in their everyday work.

Originality/value

The study is part of a growing empirical literature that investigates the role of individual actors in developing and implementing CSR in organizations and, in particular, the role of CSR practitioners. It contributes to the development of the literature on CSR-driven change within business organizations.
Corporate social and environmental reporting practices
Authors: Hossain Md Moazzem , Momin Mahmood Ahmed , Rowe Anna Lee , Quaddus Mohammed
Published: May 2017

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to explore corporate social and environmental reporting (CSER) practices and motivations in Bangladesh.

Design/methodology/approach

Using a mixed-methods approach, the paper attempts to understand what corporate social and environmental issues Bangladeshi firms are reporting and why. The paper first explores the motivations for CSER in line with O’Dwyer’s (2003) proposed classifications of proactive and reactive motivations through interviews and frames its findings using stakeholder theory. To provide a more holistic view, content analysis adapted from CSR Asia (2008) categorization (broadly guided by GRI) was conducted to enhance findings from engagement-based interviews with managers.

Findings

The paper finds that “community investment and development” and “governance codes and policies” received the highest amount of disclosure, while the least amount of disclosure was found in the “workplace/human rights” category. Although a philanthropic tone was found behind “community investment”, such as poverty alleviation activities, disclosure in this area is mostly motivated by proactive rationales with enlightened self-interest and image-building activities. In terms of reactive motivations underpinning CSER, the paper finds that companies also report reactively to reduce pressure from powerful stakeholders such as international buyers and government agencies. Contrary to other studies regarding reactive motivations, the authors argue that a director’s proactive motivation is the prime determinant of CSER in a developing country. They also argue that low-level disclosures on workplace environment/human rights need to be given more importance by policymakers, management and other relevant stakeholders.

Originality/value

To the best of the authors’ knowledge, the study is one of the few engagement-based field studies that uses a mixed-methods approach to seek managerial perspectives in an attempt to understand CSER practices in an emerging country context.
Commitment in corporate social responsibility and financial performance: a study in the Tunisian context
Authors: Chtourou Haifa , Triki Mohamed
Published: May 2017

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to measure the impact of commitment in corporate social responsibility (CSR) in its various forms (CSR philanthropy/ altruism, CSR integration and CSR innovation) on the financial performance as measured by certain ratios.

Design/methodology/approach

Thus, on the basis of a theoretically constructed questionnaire administered to 82 responsibles (general managers, human resources managers and CSR responsibles) operating in four business areas, the authors have developed the extent of the overall CSR commitment and the extent of commitment by CSR action type.

Findings

The examination of the impact of the CSR commitment on the financial performance has partially approved the social impact assumption. Indeed, only the positive effect of CSR philanthropy is demonstrated. Otherwise, for integrated and innovative actions, the low involvement in these actions in relation to philanthropic ones could explain the lack of significant association. But this result is also important, as it marks the lack of any negative effects. Even if they do not result in a better financial performance, these commitments do not bring harm to the firm. As for the strategic approach predominance on the altruistic approach, this hypothesis is checked only in the case of firms operating in the chemical sector.

Research limitations/implications

The main limitation of the study is the limited size of the total sample and the sample by industry, so the authors expect a larger sample might be able to provide more meaningful results.

Practical implications

Then, the study suggests the importance of implementing real CSR strategies for firms that often find doubt and ambiguity when they decide to undertake social actions. However, these results do not mean that companies must refrain from driving altruistic or philanthropic activities but are encouraged to seek a social performance that suits a certain level of integration and innovation.

Social implications

The most important of all the above is that the negative impact of social actions is not verified in any way, allowing to state that the social actions do not exert a negative effect on the financial performance. So, participation in social problems do not bring harm to the firm.

Originality/value

The originality of this work comes from: the measure of CSR commitment, and the use of a classification typology of CSR actions in terms of their interaction with the core of the firm’s business as developed by Halme (2009). In fact, based on a theoretically constructed questionnaire, the authors have developed two measures of responsible commitment (level of commitment and intensity of commitment) of some industrial Tunisian firms.
Corporate social responsibility and employee engagement: can CSR help in redressing the engagement gap?
Authors: Chaudhary Richa
Published: May 2017

Purpose

This paper aims to examine the influence of employees’ corporate social responsibility (CSR) perceptions on their engagement level at work. In addition, the study looks into the contingencies of the relationship by proposing and examining gender as moderator of the proposed relationship.

Design/methodology/approach

The study sample consisted of 187 business professionals from both public and private sector manufacturing and service firms operating in India. The study uses a non-experimental correlational field study design. The data were collected with the help of self-administered questionnaires via both personal visits to the organizations and internet-based questionnaire using snowball sampling. Hierarchical linear regression analysis was used to test the study hypotheses.

Findings

The study results clearly underscore the potential of firm’s involvement in CSR activities in influencing the employee attitude and behaviour at work. However, the study findings failed to show any significant effect of interaction between CSR and gender on employee engagement.

Practical implications

Given the positive association of CSR with employee engagement irrespective of gender differences as reflected in the study results, CSR can actually be used across the organizations as tool for talent management.

Originality/value

The study bridges the macro-micro divide and addresses to the need for micro level research in CSR stream by examining the influence of CSR perceptions on work engagement level of employees. The study advances existing body of knowledge beyond developed Western economies by exploring the strategic value of CSR in India, which presents a unique cultural context to look at.
Network science and tourism – the state of the art
Authors: Baggio Rodolfo
Published: May 2017

Purpose

In recent years, network science has become a dynamic and promising discipline. This study aims to provide a brief summary of the subject and the application to the tourism domain.

Design/methodology/approach

This paper is based on a non-exhaustive survey of the literature.

Findings

The state-of-the-art of network science in tourism is explored and discussed, together with possible future developments.

Research limitations/implications

This paper uses a limited set of works, those deemed the most significant to sketch the situation. The choice might be subjective, but the overall picture is clear. Given what accomplished so far, the methods of network science seem interesting both for their theoretical and practical outcomes. In essence, they provide a better and more objective view on the structural and dynamic characteristics of the tourism phenomenon and of the different tourism systems and components.

Originality/value

This paper critically reflects on the state of network science and its application to the tourism domain. Even without claiming to be complete, this paper takes a general perspective approach rather than examining single topics or issues.
Explaining tourism expenditure based on trip characteristics in emerging urban-cultural destinations
Authors: Pulido-Fernández Juan Ignacio , Cárdenas-García Pablo Juan , Carrillo-Hidalgo Isabel
Published: May 2017

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to examine, through a microeconomic analysis, the extent to which trip characteristics influence tourism expenditure in 14 emerging urban-cultural cities in Andalusia (Spain).

Design/methodology/approach

This analysis was carried out using an ordinary least squares method, which measures influence on tourism expenditure based on the trip characteristics of tourists visiting emerging urban-cultural cities. For this, the authors used 3,030 surveys conducted on tourists who, in 2013, visited 14 emerging urban-cultural cities in Andalusia (Spain).

Findings

It was confirmed that certain trip characteristics – type of accommodation, length of stay, trip planning and internet use – determine tourism expenditure in these destinations. The findings provide stakeholders in these destinations with information for the implementation of policies aiming to increase revenue in destinations where tourism development levels are still in their infancy and where, therefore, there are many unexploited opportunities.

Originality/value

First, this study identifies those trip characteristics which influence tourist expenditure in emerging urban tourist destinations. These destinations, to date, had not been previously analysed in expenditure segmentation studies. Second, aside from the factors traditionally analysed in scientific literature, other trip-specific variables were considered; these relate to the means by which tourists familiarise themselves with their destination and the way in which they plan their trip (use of the internet), as the rise of new technologies has radically changed tourism.
Repeated, Close Physician Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting Teams Associated with Greater Teamwork
Authors: Everson Jordan , Funk Russell J. , Kaufman Samuel R. , Owen‐Smith Jason , Nallamothu Brahmajee K. , Pagani Francis D. , Hollingsworth John M.
Published: May 2017

Objective

To determine whether observed patterns of physician interaction around shared patients are associated with higher levels of teamwork as perceived by physicians.

Data Sources/Study Setting

Michigan Medicare beneficiaries who underwent coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) procedures at 24 hospitals in the state between 2008 and 2011.

Study Design

We assessed hospital teamwork using the teamwork climate scale in the Safety Attitudes Questionnaire. After aggregating across CABG discharges at these hospitals, we mapped the physician referral networks (including both surgeons and nonsurgeons) that served them and measured three network properties: (1) reinforcement, (2) clustering, and (3) density. We then used multilevel regression models to identify associations between network properties and teamwork at the hospitals on which the networks were anchored.

Principal Findings

In hospitals where physicians repeatedly cared for patients with the same colleagues, physicians perceived better teamwork (β‐reinforcement = 3.28, p = .003). When physicians who worked together also had other colleagues in common, the reported teamwork was stronger (β clustering = 1.71, p = .001). Reported teamwork did not change when physicians worked with a higher proportion of other physicians at the hospital (β density = −0.58, p = .64).

Conclusion

In networks with higher levels of reinforcement and clustering, physicians perceive stronger teamwork, perhaps because the strong ties between them create a shared understanding; however, sharing patients with more physicians overall (i.e., density) did not lead to stronger teamwork. Clinical and organizational leaders may consider designing the structure of clinical teams to increase interactions with known colleagues and repeated interactions between providers.
Regulation of nitrous oxide reductase genes by NasT‐mediated transcription antitermination in Bradyrhizobium diazoefficiens
Authors: Sánchez Cristina , Mitsui Hisayuki , Minamisawa Kiwamu
Published: May 2017

In Bradyrhizobium diazoefficiens, maximal expression of the nitrous oxide reductase gene (nosZ) requires oxygen limitation and the presence of a nitrogen oxide. The putative transcription antiterminator NasT is a positive regulator of nosZ; but in the absence of nitrate, NasT is counteracted by the nitrate sensor NasS. Here, we examined the NasT‐mediated mechanism of nosRZDFYLX gene cluster expression. We mapped two transcription start sites of nosR and identified two potential hairpins, H1 and H2, within the 5′‐leader of nosR transcripts. Electrophoretic mobility shift assay showed that NasT specifically bound the nosR‐leader RNA and deletion of H1 abolished such binding. Under aerobic nitrate‐deficient conditions, deletion of H1 or H2 increased the level of nosRZD transcripts. Under denitrifying conditions (anaerobiosis with nitrate supply), the level of nosRZD transcripts was severely impaired in the nasT mutant; in the nasT background, deletions of either hairpin led to increased level of nosRZD transcripts. In contrast to nosRZD coding region, nosR‐leader transcript level was not affected by nasS or nasT mutations under aerobic or denitrifying conditions respectively. These results suggest that the two‐hairpin RNA structure acts for transcription termination upstream of nosR and the binding of NasT to H1 facilitates read‐through transcription to induce nos expression.
Case of sclerosing pneumocytoma combined with a typical carcinoid and pulmonary adenocarcinoma in different lobes
Authors: Cho Hwa Jin , Lee Ji Hyeon , Lee Geon Kook , Hong Eun Kyung , Kim Hyae Young
Published: May 2017

We report the first case of a 62‐year‐old man with a sclerosing pneumocytoma (SP) combined with a typical carcinoid (TC) and pulmonary adenocarcinoma in different lung lobes. Computed tomography revealed two nodules. The radiological diagnosis was primary lung cancer and a metastatic nodule; however, no enlarged lymph nodes were observed. Histological and immunohistochemical analyses defined the 1.7 cm nodule in the right upper lobe as adenocarcinoma and the 1.3 cm nodule in the left lower lobe as SP combined with TC. This case is noteworthy because of the rarity of SP combined with TC, the comprehensive examination of frozen and permanent sections, and the clinical implications of the differential diagnosis of lung nodules.
Crash Risk and the Auditor–Client Relationship
Authors: Callen Jeffrey L. , Fang Xiaohua
Published: May 2017

This study examines whether the term of the auditor–client relationship (i.e., auditor tenure) is associated with future stock price crash risk measured both ex ante and ex post. Using a large sample of U.S. public firms with Big 4 auditors, we find robust evidence that auditor tenure is negatively related to one‐year‐ahead stock price crash risk. The evidence is consistent with monitoring‐by‐learning where development of client‐specific knowledge over the term of the auditor–client relationship enhances auditors’ ability to detect and deter bad news hoarding activities by clients, thereby reducing future crash risk. This result holds even after controlling for endogeneity of the tenure/crash risk relation. We further provide evidence indicating that option market investors do not fully incorporate the information contained in the term of auditor–client relationship in predicting future stock price crash risk. Our empirical results have important policy implications for regulators concerned with ensuring auditor independence.
Global Emergency Medicine: A Review of the Literature From 2016
Authors: Becker Torben K. , Hansoti Bhakti , Bartels Susan , Hayward Alison Schroth , Hexom Braden J. , Lunney Kevin M. , Marsh Regan H. , Osei‐Ampofo Maxwell , Trehan Indi , Chang Julia , Levine Adam C. ,   the Global Emergency Medicine Literature Review (GEMLR) Group
Published: May 2017

Objectives

The Global Emergency Medicine Literature Review (GEMLR) conducts an annual search of peer‐reviewed and gray literature relevant to global emergency medicine (EM) to identify, review, and disseminate the most important new research in this field to a global audience of academics and clinical practitioners.

Methods

This year 13,890 articles written in four languages were identified by our search. These articles were distributed among 20 reviewers for initial screening based on their relevance to the field of global EM. An additional two reviewers searched the gray literature. All articles that were deemed appropriate by at least one reviewer and approved by their editor underwent formal scoring of overall quality and importance. Two independent reviewers scored all articles.

Results

A total of 716 articles met our inclusion criteria and underwent full review. Fifty‐nine percent were categorized as emergency care in resource‐limited settings, 17% as EM development, and 24% as disaster and humanitarian response. Nineteen articles received scores of 18.5 or higher out of a maximum score of 20 and were selected for formal summary and critique. Inter‐rater reliability testing between reviewers revealed Cohen's kappa of 0.441.

Conclusions

In 2016, the total number of articles identified by our search continued to increase. The proportion of articles in each of the three categories remained stable. Studies and reviews with a focus on infectious diseases, pediatrics, and the use of ultrasound in resource‐limited settings represented the majority of articles selected for final review.
Editorial: risk factors for persistent villus atrophy in coeliac disease – is it time to reconsider definitions for refractory coeliac disease? Authors' reply
Authors: Mahadev S. , Murray J. A. , Green P. H. R. , Adelman D. A. , Lebwohl B.
Published: May 2017

Linked Content

This article is linked to Mahadev et al and Braude, Newnham papers. To view these articles visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.13988 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.14055.
Morphology of the retina in deep‐water fish Nezumia sclerorhynchus (Valenciennes, 1838) (Gadiformes: Macrouridae)
Authors: García Magdalena , Tomás Sabina , Robles Maria Laura , Ramos Alfonso , Segovia Yolanda
Published: May 2017

Using light microscopy, we examined the retina of benthopelagic fish Nezumia sclerorhynchus. Although the retina is typical of other vertebrates, having three nuclear and two synaptic layers, it presents some features associated with the animal's deep‐sea habitat. A stratum argenteum containing iridescent crystals is located in the choroid. The pigment cell layer shows bulky cells filled with melanin granules but without the typical apical processes. The visual cells, consisting of a big population of rods, are arranged in several banks. No cones were observed. The outer segments are very long and cylindrical, and the inner segments are constituted by a small ellipsoid at the proximal end. The outer nuclear layer contains several rows of oval nuclei, and the spherules in the outer plexiform layer have less regular outlines than nuclei. The inner retina is characterized by very large horizontal cells, and presumable bipolar and amacrine cells separated by large spaces that are occupied by neuronal processes. Finally, the low density of ganglion cells produces a thin nerve fibre layer. The results of this study suggest that the retina of Nezumia sclerorhyncus exhibits high visual sensitivity and that vision is a sense that plays an important role in its behaviour.
Parameter recovery, bias and standard errors in the linear ballistic accumulator model
Authors: Visser Ingmar , Poessé Rens
Published: May 2017

The linear ballistic accumulator (LBA) model (Brown & Heathcote, , Cogn. Psychol., 57, 153) is increasingly popular in modelling response times from experimental data. An R package, glba, has been developed to fit the LBA model using maximum likelihood estimation which is validated by means of a parameter recovery study. At sufficient sample sizes parameter recovery is good, whereas at smaller sample sizes there can be large bias in parameters. In a second simulation study, two methods for computing parameter standard errors are compared. The Hessian‐based method is found to be adequate and is (much) faster than the alternative bootstrap method. The use of parameter standard errors in model selection and inference is illustrated in an example using data from an implicit learning experiment (Visser et al., , Mem. Cogn., 35, 1502). It is shown that typical implicit learning effects are captured by different parameters of the LBA model.
Rapid and sensitive detection of UGT1A1 polymorphisms associated with irinotecan toxicity by a novel DNA microarray
Authors: Tsunedomi Ryouichi , Hazama Shoichi , Okayama Naoko , Oka Masaaki , Nagano Hiroaki
Published: May 2017

Recent developments in the field of human genomics have greatly enhanced the potential for precision and personalized medicine. We have developed a novel DNA microarray, using a 3‐mm square chip coated with diamond‐like carbon to enhance the signal‐to‐background ratio, for use as an in vitro diagnostic tool in precision medicine. To verify the genotyping effectiveness of this newly developed DNA microarray we examined UDP‐glucuronosyltransferase 1A1 (UGT1A1) polymorphisms in DNA extracted from patients with metastatic colorectal cancer. It is established that the polymorphisms of UGT1A1*28 and UGT1A1*6 are significantly associated with severe toxicity induced by the anti‐cancer drug irinotecan. For each sample, the results obtained with the novel microarray platform were compared with those obtained using other, more established, methods, including direct sequencing and the Invader assay. The polymorphisms tested included a single nucleotide substitution (UGT1A1*6) and a TA‐repeat polymorphism (UGT1A1*28), both of which were detected simultaneously and accurately using our method. Moreover, our method required 1.5‐fold less time to assay and 20‐fold less sample than those required by the Invader assay. In summary, our newly developed DNA microarray is more practical than established methods, and is at least as accurate; this will increase the efficiency of polymorphism detection prior to diagnosis and the commencement of treatment, and can feasibly be applied in precision medicine.
The phylogeny of Galerucinae (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) and the performance of mitochondrial genomes in phylogenetic inference compared to nuclearrRNAgenes
Authors: Nie Rui‐E , Breeschoten Thijmen , Timmermans Martijn J. T. N. , Nadein Konstantin , Xue Huai‐Jun , Bai Ming , Huang Yuan , Yang Xing‐Ke , Vogler Alfried P.
Published: May 2017

With efficient sequencing techniques, full mitochondrial genomes are rapidly replacing other widely used markers, such as the nuclearrRNAgenes, for phylogenetic analysis but their power to resolve deep levels of the tree remains controversial. We studied phylogenetic relationships of leaf beetles (Chrysomelidae) in the tribes Galerucini and Alticini (root worms and flea beetles) based on full mitochondrial genomes (103 newly sequenced), and compared their performance to the widely sequenced nuclearrRNAgenes (full 18S, partial 28S). Our results show that: (i) the mitogenome is phylogenetically informative from subtribe to family level, and the per‐nucleotide contribution to nodal support is higher than that ofrRNAgenes, (ii) the Galerucini and Alticini are reciprocally monophyletic sister groups, if the classification is adjusted to accommodate several ‘problematic genera’ that do not fit the dichotomy of lineages based on the presence (Alticini) or absence (Galerucini) of the jumping apparatus, and (iii) the phylogenetic results suggest a new classification system of Galerucini with eight subtribes: Oidina, Galerucina, Hylaspina, Metacyclina, Luperina, Aulacophorina, Diabroticina and Monoleptina.