bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analysis of Suicidal Behavior in Adult Inpatients with Anorexia Nervosa: Prevalence of Suicide Attempts and Non-Suicidal Self-Injury and Associated Factors—Data Before and After the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Longo Paola , Martini Matteo , Toppino Federica , De Bacco Carlotta , Preti Antonio , Abbate-Daga Giovanni , Panero Matteo
Published: November 2024

Background/Objectives: Anorexia nervosa (AN) has a high mortality rate frequently related to suicidality; however, there are few studies on suicide attempts (SAs) and non-suicidal self-injuries (NSSIs) in adult inpatients with AN. This study aims to describe SA and NSSI prevalence and related clinical and sociodemographic factors in adult inpatients with AN. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed data on 298 inpatients hospitalized between 2014 and 2023. Suicidality and clinical and sociodemographic data were collected by experienced psychiatrists; then, the patients completed a battery of self-report questionnaires investigating eating-related and general psychopathology. Results: A total of 9.7% of the inpatients reported an SA in their lifetime, and 13.4% reported NSSI. The percentages were lower among patients with restricter-type AN (5.6% SA and 6.6% NSSI) and higher among patients with binge–purging AN (18% SA and 27% NSSI). SAs were associated with unemployment, binge–purging AN, personality disorders, and lifetime sexual abuse; NSSIs were correlated with family psychiatric disorders, binge–purging AN, personality disorders, body dissatisfaction, restriction, and eating-related concerns. No differences emerged in the frequency of reported suicidality between patients tested before and after the COVID-19 pandemic. Conclusions: Suicidality is a relevant issue in AN. Many factors in the history of the patients and their eating-related pathologies should be considered as potentially associated with SA and NSSI and carefully assessed.
Safety and Effectiveness of a Novel Liposomal Intra-Articular Lubricant in Symptomatic Knee Osteoarthritis: A First-in-Human Study
Authors: Shemesh Shai , Dolkart Oleg , Goldberg Ronit , Jahn Sabrina , Khoury Amal , Warschawski Yaniv , Schermann Haggai , Salai Moshe , Agar Gaby , Drexler Michael
Published: November 2024

Background/Objectives: Osteoarthritis (OA) is a common disease that affects almost half the population at some point in their lives, causing pain and decreased functional capacity. New conservative treatment modalities are being proposed to provide symptomatic relief and delay surgical intervention. This study aimed at evaluating the safety of the novel liposomal boundary lubricant, injected intra-articularly in patients with moderate knee OA. Additionally, the effect on the functionality and life quality was assessed. Methods: Eighteen of the twenty screened subjects met inclusion criteria and were enrolled in the study. After receiving a single IA injection of AqueousJoint, patients were prospectively evaluated at baseline and at 2, 4, 8, 12, and 26 weeks. Numeric Pain Rating Scale (NRS), Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS), Short Form Health Survey (SF12) and range of motion were also recorded. Results: The final analysis was conducted on 18 subjects. No adverse events related to the investigational product were observed in the study. No serious adverse events were observed at all. A significant decrease in pain was demonstrated at all time points vs. baseline (Friedman X2 = 35.08, p < 0.001). Significant improvement was demonstrated in KOOS pain, symptoms, sports, and ADL subscales (p < 0.001). Conclusions: Despite a relatively small sample, it was demonstrated that single IA AqueousJoint injection is a safe procedure, resulting in significant pain reduction, higher ADL score, and higher KOOS sport scores. The effects lasted up to 6 months.
Efficacy and Blood Levels of Lacosamide in Patients with Focal Epilepsy
Authors: Iwasaki Toshiyuki , Kobayashi Toshihiro , Miyamoto Yusaku , Imaizumi Taichi , Kaku Shotaro , Udagawa Noriko , Yamamoto Hitoshi , Shimizu Naoki
Published: November 2024

Objectives: The aim of this paper is to analyze clinical targets for lacosamide (LCM) blood levels in patients with focal epilepsy. Referring to the LCM optimal range will encourage us to think about the importance and usefulness of measuring its blood levels. Methods: A total of 101 (45 female, 56 male) patients were treated with LCM. Blood sampling was performed 1 month after the start of oral medication (the levels reached a steady state) if the LCM treatment had been continued, and then 6 and 12 months after. The efficacy of LCM was evaluated by the reduction in the epileptic seizure rate (RR) at the time of blood sampling. The patients were classified as effective cases (seizure reduction rate ≥ 50%) and ineffective cases (<50%). The actual level, the calculated peak/trough levels, and the levels for each type of seizure were investigated. A statistical analysis was performed using Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient and the Wilcoxon signed-rank test. Results: A positive correlation was seen between blood levels and dosage (r = 0.446). However, the blood levels and RR showed no correlation. The blood levels were higher in effective cases than in ineffective cases at all time points (measurement p < 0.001, peak p = 0.013, trough p = 0.001). Because the range was set so that the effective and ineffective groups did not overlap, the optimal range of LCM was found to be 8.0–10.5 µg/mL. Conclusions: Measuring and calculating blood levels of LCM and adjusting the dosage to reach the optimal range are recommended. Moreover, the optimal range for LCM was determined as a therapeutic target.
Portuguese Lipid Study (e_LIPID)
Authors: Chora Joana Rita , Alves Ana Catarina , Mariano Cibelle , Rato Quitéria , Antunes Marília , Bourbon Mafalda
Published: November 2024

Background/Objectives: Incidence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) is increasing in low- and middle-income countries because of changing lifestyles. Since dyslipidaemia is a major independent cardiovascular risk factor, its correct identification is critical to implement specific interventions for CVD prevention. This study aimed to characterise the lipid profile of the Portuguese population. Methods: Overall, 1688 individuals from the general population (e_COR study, 2012–2014) were included. Population-specific percentiles for ten lipid biomarkers were estimated by bootstrapping methods to ensure national representativity. Statistical analyses were performed using RStudio. Results: The 50th percentile estimated for total cholesterol (TC), LDL-C, and non-HDL-C are similar to scientific societies recommended values for the general (low or moderate risk) population. National prevalence of having lipid parameters above recommended values was 64.6%, 66.9%, 51.3%, 68.9%, 17.8%, and 21.1% for TC, LDL-C, apoB, non-HDL-C, triglycerides, and Lp(a), respectively; these values are generally higher in men and increasing with age, except for Lp(a). A high prevalence of severe dyslipidaemia (>90th percentile) was identified, highest for small dense LDL-C (31.3%), apoB (30.4%), and LDL-C (30.3%). The national prevalence of CVD events was 5%. Three individuals were genetically identified with familial hypercholesterolemia, a high CVD risk condition. Conclusions: We provide for the first-time lipid biomarker percentiles for the general Portuguese population. Our results highlight that hypercholesterolemia is a neglected cardiovascular risk factor with over half of the population with TC, LDL-C, and apoB above recommended values. Since hypercholesterolemia is a modifiable risk factor, strategies to increase adherence to changes in lifestyle habits and medication need to be urgently discussed.
Radiological Approach to Assessment of Lower-Limb Alignment—Coronal and Transverse Plane Analysis
Authors: Michalska-Foryszewska Anna , Modzelewski Piotr , Sklinda Katarzyna , Mruk Bartosz , Walecki Jerzy
Published: November 2024

Lower-limb alignment deformities constitute a significant clinical concern, as they can lead to serious complications, including progressive degenerative diseases and disabilities. Rotational deformities may give rise to conditions such as joint arthrosis, patellar instability, and the degeneration of the patellofemoral cartilage. Therefore, a comprehensive evaluation of lower-limb alignment is essential for the effective patient management, preoperative planning, and successful correction of these deformities. The primary assessment method employs full-length standing radiographs in the anteroposterior (AP) projection, which facilitates accurate measurements of the anatomical and mechanical axes of the lower limb, including angles and deviations. The outcomes of this analysis are vital for the meticulous planning of osteotomy and total knee arthroplasty (TKA). In addition, computed tomography (CT) provides a specialized approach for the precise evaluation of femoral and tibial rotation. In this area, there are potential opportunities for the implementation of AI-based automated measurement systems.
Investigating Influence of Mo Elements on Friction and Wear Performance of Nickel Alloy Matrix Composites in Air from 25 to 800 °C
Authors: Zhen Jinming , Han Yunxiang , Yuan Lin , Jia Zhengfeng , Zhang Ran
Published: November 2024

Rapid developments in aerospace and nuclear industries pushed forward the search for high-performance self-lubricating materials with low friction and wear characteristics under severe environment. In this paper, we investigated the influence of the Mo element on the tribological performance of nickel alloy matrix composites from room temperature to 800 °C under atmospheric conditions. The results demonstrated that composites exhibited excellent lubricating (with low friction coefficients of 0.19–0.37) and wear resistance properties (with low wear rates of 2.5–28.1 × 10−5 mm3/Nm), especially at a content of elemental Mo of 8 wt. % and 12 wt. %. The presence of soft metal Ag on the sliding surface as solid lubricant resulted in low friction and wear rate in a temperature range from 25 to 400 °C, while at elevated temperatures (600 and 800 °C), the effective lubricant contributed to the formation of a glazed layer rich in NiCr2O4, BaF2/CaF2, and Ag2MoO4. SEM, EDS, and the Raman spectrum indicated that abrasive and fatigue wear were the main wear mechanisms for the studied composites during sliding against the Si3N4 ceramic ball. The obtained results provide an insightful suggestion for future designing and fabricating solid lubricant composites with low friction and wear properties.
Study on Performance and Engineering Application of Novel Expansive Superfine Cement Slurry
Authors: Feng Xiao , Cao Xiaowei , Li Lianghao , Li Zhiming , Zhang Qingsong , Sun Wen , Hou Benao , Liu Chi , Shi Zhenzhong
Published: November 2024

Superfine cement is widely used in building reinforcement and repair, special concrete manufacturing, and environmental protection engineering due to its high toughness, high durability, good bonding strength, and environmental friendliness. However, there are some problems in superfine cement slurry, such as high bleeding rate, prolonged setting time, and consolidated body volume retraction. In this article, on the premise of using the excellent injectability of superfine cement slurry, the fluidity, setting time, reinforcement strength, and volume expansion rate of novel expansive superfine cement slurries with varying proportions were analyzed by adding expansion agent UEA, naphthalene-based water reducer FDN-C, and triisopropanolamine accelerating agent TIPA. The results show that under most mix ratios, the bleeding rate and fluidity of the novel superfine cement slurry initially increase and decrease with rising water-reducing agent dosage. The initial setting time generally decreases with accelerating agent dosage, reaching a minimum value of 506 min, representing a 33.68% reduction compared to the benchmark group (traditional superfine cement). Under normal conditions, the compressive strength of the net slurry consolidation body is positively correlated with expansion agent dosage, achieving maximum strengths of 8.11 MPa at three days and 6.93 MPa at 28 days; these values are respectively higher by 6.7 MPa and 2.6 MPa compared to those in the benchmark group. On the seventh day, the volume expansion rate of the traditional superfine cement solidified sand body ranges from −0.19% to −0.1%, while that for the corresponding body formed from the novel superfine cement is between 0.41% and 1.33%, representing a difference of 0.6–1.43%. After the on-site treatment of water and sand-gushing strata, the core monitor rate of the inspection hole exceeds 70%. The permeability coefficient of the stratum decreases to a range between 1.47 × 10−6 and 8.14 × 10−6 cm/s, resulting in nearly a thousandfold increase in stratum impermeability compared to its original state. Hence, the findings of this research hold practical importance for the future application of such materials in the development of stratum reinforcement or building repair.
Antifouling Slippery Surface with Enhanced Stability for Marine Applications
Authors: Li Yun , Zhou Yuyang , Lin Junyi , Liu Hao , Liu Xin
Published: November 2024

In recent years, slippery liquid-infused porous surfaces (SLIPSs) have gained significant attention in antifouling applications. However, their slippery performance often deteriorates in dynamic environments, limiting their service life. TC4 titanium alloy, commonly used in hulls and propellers, is prone to biofouling. SLIPSs have gained significant attention in antifouling applications. However, their slippery performance often deteriorates in dynamic environments, limiting their service life. To address these issues, a novel slippery liquid-infused surface (STASL) was developed on TC4 through the integration of hydroxyl end-blocked dimethylsiloxane (OH-PDMS), a silane coupling agent (KH550), and nano-titanium dioxide loaded with silver particles (TiO2-Ag, anatase) and silicone oil, thereby ensuring stable performance in both dynamic and static conditions. The as-prepared surfaces exhibited excellent sliding capabilities for water, acidic, alkaline, and saline droplets, achieving speeds of up to 2.859 cm/s. Notably, the STASL demonstrated superior oil retention and slippery stability compared to SLIPS, particularly at increased rotational speeds. With remarkable self-cleaning properties, the STASL significantly reduced the adhesion of proteins (50.0%), bacteria (77.8%), and algae (78.8%) compared to the titanium alloy. With these outstanding properties, the STASL has emerged as a promising solution for mitigating marine biofouling and corrosion on titanium alloys.
Data-Driven Bi-Directional Lattice Property Customization and Optimization
Authors: Liu Fuyuan , Wu Huizhong , Wu Xiaoteng , Xiang Zhouyi , Huang Songhua , Chen Min
Published: November 2024

Customizing and optimizing lattice materials poses a challenge to designers. This study proposed a data-driven generative method to customize and optimize lattice material. The method utilizes subdivision modeling to parametrically describe lattice morphologies and skeletons. Next, the homogenization method is employed to analyze elastic moduli for collecting a dataset. Then, a two-tiered machine learning (ML) framework is proposed to predict the elastic modulus for a forward design. The first-tier model employs polynomial regression to estimate relative density, which serves as an additional input feature for the second-tier model. The prediction accuracy of the second-tier model is improved through the additional inputs. The forward and reverse design strategies offer a flexible and accurate means of tailoring lattice properties to meet specific performance requirements. Two case studies demonstrate the practical value of the framework: customizing a lattice material to achieve a desired elastic modulus and optimizing the mechanical performance of lattice materials under relative density constraints. The results show that the prediction accuracy of the elastic modulus using the two-tiered ML model achieved an error of less than 10% compared to finite element analysis, demonstrating the reliability of the proposed approach. Furthermore, the optimization design achieved up to a 25% improvement in mechanical performance compared to conventional lattice configurations under the same relative density constraints. These findings underscore the advantages of combining generative design, machine learning, and genetic algorithms to navigate complex design spaces and achieve enhanced material performance.
The Influence of Extra-Fine Milling Protocol on the Internal Fit of CAD/CAM Composite and Ceramic Crowns
Authors: Tribst João Paulo Mendes , Hosseini Fatema , Pilecco Rafaela Oliveira , Serrano Carlos Manuel , Kleverlaan Cornelis Johannes , Dal Piva Amanda Maria de Oliveira
Published: November 2024

This study aimed to evaluate the marginal and internal adaptation of CAD/CAM crowns milled using two different milling protocols (fine or extra-fine) within a 4-axis milling machine. The crowns were fabricated from lithium disilicate ceramic (IPS e.max CAD) and resin composite (Tetric CAD), assessing their fit in various regions. The crowns (N = 40, n = 10) were milled from lithium disilicate and resin composite using a CEREC Primemill unit. Four groups were formed based on the material and milling protocol: EFLD (extra-fine lithium disilicate), FLD (fine lithium disilicate), EFRC (extra-fine resin composite), and FRC (fine resin composite). The crowns were measured using the replica technique, evaluating internal and marginal adaptation in 18 measuring points per specimen. Data were statistically analyzed using ANOVA and Tukey’s test. Resin composite crowns demonstrated a significantly better internal fit compared to lithium disilicate (p < 0.001). Marginal and internal measurements for resin composites were consistently smaller across regions compared to lithium disilicate. No significant differences were found between milling protocols except for the axial wall region (p = 0.001), where extra-fine milling resulted in smaller values. Resin composite crowns exhibited superior internal fit compared to lithium disilicate, regardless of milling protocol. Both the fine and extra-fine milling protocols had minimal impact on adaptation, except at the axial wall region, with both protocols promoting adequate results overall.
Thermal Behavior and Mechanical Properties of Different Lattice Structures Fabricated Using Selective Laser Melting
Authors: Liu Hui , Cai Gaoshen , Peng Kai , Jin Haozhe , Alexander Antonov
Published: November 2024

In this study, the size of molten pool and the porosity of parts under different processing parameters are studied using numerical simulation. According to the results, the appropriate processing parameters were selected to simulate the temperature and residual stress distribution during the forming process of body-centered cube (BCC), face-centered cube (FCC) and rhombic dodecahedron (Dode) lattice structures. In addition, three lattice structures were fabricated via selective laser melting (SLM) technology, and quasi-static compression experiments were carried out to study their mechanical properties. The results show that the high temperature parts of the three structures are all under the node and their adjacent pillars, and the closer to the nodes, the higher the temperature. The residual stress of the Dode structure is the highest, reaching 1218.2 MPa. It is also found that the residual stress in the Z direction is the largest, which plays a dominant role in the forming process. Through compression experiments, it is found that diagonal shear failure occurs in all three lattice structures, and Dode shows the best compression performance.
Effect of Hydrogen on High Cycle Fatigue Properties of L360 Pipeline Steel Notched Specimens
Authors: Huang Liangliang , Zhang Lin
Published: November 2024

The fatigue characteristics of notched specimens of L360 pipeline steel in hydrogen and nitrogen environments were investigated by high cycle fatigue life tests and fatigue crack growth rate tests. The fracture morphology in the nitrogen environment was dominated by microcracks and fatigue strips. The fatigue fracture had distinctly different regions in the hydrogen environment. The outer region of the fracture in the hydrogen environment was similar to the nitrogen environment, but a large number of hydrogen embrittlement features were found in the inner region. The fatigue crack growth rate tests were analyzed in conjunction with fatigue life tests. It was found that more fatigue cycles were required to achieve the stress intensity factor ΔK for rapid hydrogen-promoted crack propagation at lower stress. The region with hydrogen embrittlement features increases with decreasing stress.
Insight into the Mechanical Properties and Microstructure of Recycled Aggregate Concrete Containing Carbon Fibers and Nano-SiO2
Authors: Xing Tong , Zhang Shaofeng , Guan Lei
Published: November 2024

This study aimed to improve the mechanical properties and microstructure of recycled aggregate concrete (RAC) by incorporating carbon fibers (CFs) and nano-SiO2 (NS) to promote the optimal utilization of RAC. The mechanical properties of the RAC were enhanced by both single and hybrid additions of CFs and NS, and the hybrid addition had a better strengthening effect. From the experimental results, it was found that the addition of CFs could increase the 28 d compressive strength and splitting strength of the RAC by 9.05% and 22.36%, respectively. The hybrid CFs and NS were more conducive to improving the mechanical properties of the RAC, and the enhancement effect increased first and then decreased with an increase in the NS content. The optimal content of NS was 0.8 wt%, which increased the 28 d compressive strength and splitting strength of the RAC by 20.51% and 14.53%, respectively. The microstructure results indicated that the addition of CFs had little effect on the optimized pore structure of the RAC, but the crack inhibition action of the CFs could improve the mechanical properties of the RAC. The addition of NS reduced the content of CH and facilitated the formation of more (C–S–H) gel. The hydrated calcium silicate (C–S–H) gel significantly decreased the porosity and transformed harmful capillary pores and harmful pores into harmless capillary pores and gel pores, thus improving the mechanical properties of the RAC. Therefore, the use of hybrid CFs and NS was more conducive to enhancing the performance of RAC for building materials.
Protective Effect of Marine Peptide from Netunea arthritica cumingii Against Gentamicin-Induced Hair Cell Damage in Zebrafish
Authors: Zheng Hongbao , Zhu Ranran , Zhang Yun , Liu Kechun , Xia Qing , Li Peihai , Sun Xiaoyue , Sun Chen , Zhang Shanshan
Published: November 2024

Auditory hair cell damage induced by aminoglycoside antibiotics (AmAn) leads to hearing loss, which has a serious effect on people’s mental and physical health. This ototoxicity is thought to be related with the excessive accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in hair cells. However, therapeutic agents that protect hair cells are limited. Marine peptides have been shown to have excellent potential applications in disease prevention and treatment. Therefore, this study investigated the protective effects of an active peptide from Neptunea arthritica cumingii against AmAn-induced hair cell damage using the model of hair cell damage zebrafish. We identified the number, ultrastructure, and function of hair cells using fluorescence probes and scanning electron microscopy. The uptake of AmAn, ROS level, mitochondrial permeability transition pore, and apoptosis in hair cells were also tested by fluorescence labeling and TUNEL assay. The molecular mechanism for hair cell protection exerted by the peptide was detected by a real-time quantitative PCR assay. The results indicated that the peptide suppressed the uptake of AmAn but did not damage the function of hair cells mediating hearing. It also prevented ROS accumulation, decreased the occurrence of apoptosis, and rescued the abnormal opening and expressions of mitochondrial permeability transition pore and genes related to antioxidants. The peptide may be an effective therapeutic agent for AmAn-induced ototoxicity. In the future, we plan to use mammalian models to further investigate the otoprotective effect of the peptide.
Associations Between Cardiorespiratory Fitness and Metabolic Syndrome in Adolescents: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Prado Jonathan Cesar do , Guedes Dartagnan Pinto , Dias Pedro Henrique Garcia , Stabelini Neto Antonio , Oliveira Raphael Gonçalves de
Published: November 2024

Introduction: Low levels of cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) are associated with a greater risk of metabolic syndrome (MetS) in adolescence. In this sense, it is important to verify the strength of this association and the certainty that this evidence can be recommended. Objective: The objective of this paper is to summarize, through a systematic review and meta-analysis, the evidence available to verify the association between CRF and MetS in adolescents. Methods: PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, SPORTDiscus, LILACS, and Web of Science were searched until 20 August 2024. The risk of bias in each study was assessed via the AXIS tool, and the certainty of the evidence was assessed via the GRADE system. For the meta-analysis, the odds ratio (OR) was calculated with a 95% confidence interval. Results: Nine studies (7077 participants), all with a low risk of bias, were included in the systematic review. There was a high certainty of evidence that adolescents with low CRF have significantly greater odds of developing MetS (OR = 3.63 [CI 95%, 2.54 to 5.20]). The odds increase for low vs. moderate (OR = 4.23 [CI 95%, 2.64 to 6.78]) and low vs. high (OR = 8.03 [CI 95%, 3.20 to 20.18]) CRF are considered separately. The effect does not change according to the type of test used to assess CRF (p = 0.51). Conclusions: There is high certainty of evidence that adolescents with low CRF levels have significantly greater odds of developing MetS; therefore, it is essential that intervention strategies be designed to increase CRF in this population.
Possible Missing Sources of Atmospheric Glyoxal Part I: Phospholipid Oxidation from Marine Algae
Authors: Williams Renee T. , Caspers-Brown Annika , Sultana Camille M. , Lee Christopher , Axson Jessica L. , Malfatti Francesca , Zhou Yanyan , Moore Kathryn A. , Stevens Natalie , Santander Mitchell V. , Azam Farooq , Prather Kimberly A. , Pomeroy Robert S.
Published: November 2024

Background: Glyoxal has been implicated as a significant contributor to the formation of secondary organic aerosols, which play a key role in our ability to estimate the impact of aerosols on climate. Elevated concentrations of glyoxal over remote ocean waters suggests that there is an additional source, distinct from urban and forest environments, which has yet to be identified. Herein, we demonstrate that the ocean can serve as an appreciable source of glyoxal in the atmosphere due to microbiological activity. Methods and Results: Based on mass spectrometric analyses of nascent sea spray aerosols and the sea surface microlayer (SSML) of naturally occurring algal blooms, we provide evidence that during the algae death phase phospholipids become enriched in the SSML and undergo autoxidation thereby generating glyoxal as a degradation product. Conclusions: We propose that the death phase of an algal bloom could serve as an important and currently missing source of glyoxal in the atmosphere.
Liver Transcriptome Analysis Reveals the Mechanisms of Metabolic Adaptation of Xizang Sheep to Seasonal Changes
Authors: Cui Jianzhao , Pan Junru , Sun Fengbo , Zhang Nan , Jinmei Jiacuo , Zhen Yang , Puchi Ciren , Snag Luo , Liu Zengqiang , Zhao Wangsheng , Zhaxi Yangzong
Published: November 2024

Background/Objectives: The Xizang sheep is a unique breed of sheep in the highland regions of China that has gradually developed physiological characteristics adapted to the plate environment through long-term natural selection and artificial breeding. However, little is known about the molecular basis of metabolic adaptation to seasons in Xizang sheep. Methods: In this study, liver tissues from Xizang sheep in summer (SL) and autumn (AL) were selected for transcriptome sequencing to explore the metabolic adaptability of Xizang sheep to seasons. Results: The results showed that a total of 12,046 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified, with 1123 genes significantly upregulated and 951 genes significantly downregulated in autumn. The top five pathways enriched for DEGs were Metabolic pathways, Phagosome, Valine, leucine and isoleucine degradation, Propanoate metabolism, and Fatty acid metabolism, which are involved in immune regulation, fat oxidation, and synthesis. The reduction in lipid synthesis, fatty acid oxidation, and fat breakdown metabolism promotes gluconeogenesis by inhibiting the Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPAR) and Phosphoinositide 3-kinase- Protein kinase B (PI3K-Akt) signaling pathways. Conclusions: This process helps to maintain the whole-body energy homeostasis of Xizang sheep, facilitating their adaptation to the seasonal changes in the extreme high-altitude environment. These findings provide foundational data for studying the molecular mechanisms of metabolic adaptation to seasons in ruminants.
Comparative Metabolomic Analysis of the Nutrient Composition of Different Varieties of Sweet Potato
Authors: Wan Xiaolin , Wang Xiuzhi , Xiao Qiang
Published: November 2024

Sweet potatoes are rich in amino acids, organic acids, and lipids, offering exceptional nutritional value. To accurately select varieties with higher nutritional value, we employed liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) to analyze the metabolic profiles of three types of sweet potatoes (white sweet potato flesh, BS; orange sweet potato flesh, CS; and purple sweet potato flesh, ZS). When comparing CS vs. BS, ZS vs. BS, and ZS vs. CS, we found differences in 527 types of amino acids and their derivatives, 556 kinds of organic acids, and 39 types of lipids. After excluding the derivatives, we found 6 amino acids essential for humans across the three sweet potatoes, with 1 amino acid, 11 organic acids, and 2 lipids being detected for the first time. CS had a higher content of essential amino acids, while ZS had a lower content. Succinic acid served as a characteristic metabolite for ZS, helping to distinguish it from the other two varieties. These findings provide a theoretical basis for assessing the nutritional value of sweet potatoes and setting breeding targets while facilitating the selection of optimal varieties for food processing, medicine, and plant breeding.
Unusual Lignocellulosic Bioresins: Adhesives and Coatings for Metals and Glass
Authors: Pizzi Antonio
Published: November 2024

This minireview presents some unusual but encouraging examples of lignocellulosic-based adhesives and coatings used for metals, glass, and some other difficult-to-adhere materials. The reactions and applications presented are as follows. (i) The reactions of tannins and wood lignin with phosphate salts, in particular triethylphosphate, to adhere and join steel and aluminum to Teflon, in particular for non-stick frying pans. These adhesive coatings have been shown to sustain the relevant factory industrial test of 410 °C for 11 min and, moreover, to present a 50% material loss even at 900 °C for 5 min. (ii) Non-isocyanate polyurethanes (NIPU) based on glucose and sucrose as coatings of steel and glass. These were obtained by the carbonation of carbohydrates through reaction with the inexpensive dimethyl carbonate followed by reaction with a diamine; all materials used were bio-sourced. Lastly, (iii) the use of citric acid-based adhesive coupled with any hydroxyl groups carrying material for coating metals is also described. These three approaches give a clear indication of the possibilities and capabilities of biomaterials in this field. All these are presented and discussed.
The Mechanism of Aniline Blue Degradation by Short-Chain Dehydrogenase (SDRz) in Comamonas testosteroni
Authors: Zhang Chuanzhi , Huang Yong , He Jiaxin , He Lei , Zhang Jinyuan , Yu Lijing , Musazade Elshan , Maser Edmund , Xiong Guangming , Xu Miao , Guo Liquan
Published: November 2024

Dye wastewater pollution, particularly from persistent and toxic polycyclic organic pollutants, such as aniline blue, poses a significant environmental challenge. Aniline blue, a triphenylmethane dye widely used in the textile, leather, paper, and pharmaceutical industries, is notoriously difficult to treat owing to its complex structure and potential for bioaccumulation. In this study, we explored the capacity of Comamonas testosteroni (CT1) to efficiently degrade aniline blue, focusing on the underlying enzymatic mechanisms and degradation pathways. Through prokaryotic transcriptome analysis, we identified a significantly upregulated short-chain dehydrogenase (SDRz) gene (log2FC = 2.11, p < 0.05) that plays a crucial role in the degradation process. The SDRz enzyme possessed highly conserved motifs and a typical short-chain dehydrogenase structure. Functional validation using an SDRz-knockout strain (CT-ΔSDRz) and an SDRz-expressioning strains (E-SDRz) confirmed that SDRz is essential for aniline blue degradation. The knockout strain CT-ΔSDRz exhibited a 1.27-fold reduction in the degradation efficiency, compared to CT1 strain after 12 h; while the expression strain E-SDRz showed a 1.24-fold increase compared to Escherichia coli DH5α after 12 h. Recombinant SDRz (rSDRz) was successfully produced, showing significant enzymatic activity (1.267 ± 0.04 mmol·L−1·min−1 protein), with kinetic parameters Vmax = 2.870 ± 0.0156 mmol·L⁻1·min⁻1 protein and Km = 1.805 ± 0.0128 mM·mL−1. Under optimal conditions, the rSDRz achieved a degradation efficiency of 62.17% for aniline blue. Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis identified several intermediate metabolites in the degradation pathway, including benzeneacetaldehyde, a, a-diphenyl, 2-amino-4-methylbenzophenone, benzene, 1-dimethylamino-4-phenylmethyl, benzenesulfonic acid, methyl ester, further elucidating the biodegradation mechanism. These findings highlight SDRz as a critical enzyme in the biodegradation of aniline blue, offering valuable insights and a robust theoretical foundation for developing advanced bioremediation strategies to address dye wastewater pollution.
Effect of Fluridone on Roots and Leaf Buds Development in Stem Cuttings of Salix babylonica (L.) ‘Tortuosa’ and Related Metabolic and Physiological Traits
Authors: Wiczkowski Wiesław , Marasek-Ciołakowska Agnieszka , Szawara-Nowak Dorota , Kaszubski Wiesław , Góraj-Koniarska Justyna , Mitrus Joanna , Saniewski Marian , Horbowicz Marcin
Published: November 2024

The herbicide fluridone (1-methyl-3-phenyl-5-[3-trifluoromethyl (phenyl)]-4(1H)-pyridone) interferes with carotenoid biosynthesis in plants by inhibiting the conversion of phytoene to phytofluene. Fluridone also indirectly inhibits the biosynthesis of abscisic acid and strigolactones, and therefore, our study indirectly addresses the effect of reduced ABA on the roots and leaf buds development in stem cuttings of Salix babylonica L. ‘Tortuosa’. The stem cuttings were kept in distilled water (control) or in a solution of fluridone (10 mg/L) in natural greenhouse light and temperature conditions. During the experiments, morphological observations were carried out on developing roots and leaf buds, as well as their appearance and growth. After three weeks of continuous treatments, adventitious roots and leaf buds were collected and analysed. Identification and analysis of anthocyanins were carried out using micro-HPLC-MS/MS-TOF, while HPLC-MS/MS was used to analyse phenolic acids, flavonoids and salicinoids. The fluridone applied significantly inhibited root growth, but the number or density of roots was higher compared to the control. Contents of salicortin and salicin were several dozen times higher in leaf buds than in roots of willow. Fluridone increased the content of salicortin in roots and leaf buds and declined the level of salicin in buds. Fluridone also declined the content of most anthocyanins in roots but enhanced their content in buds, especially cyanidin glucoside, cyanidin galactoside and cyanidin rutinoside. Besides, fluridone markedly decreased the level of chlorophylls and carotenoids in the leaf buds. The results indicate that applied fluridone solution reduced root growth, caused bleaching of leaf buds, and markedly affected the content of secondary metabolites in the adventitious roots and leaf buds of S. babylonica stem cuttings. The paper presents and discusses in detail the significance of fluridone’s effects on physiological processes and secondary metabolism.
Photocatalytic Enhancement and Recyclability in Visible-Light-Responsive 2D/2D g-C3N4/BiOI p-n Heterojunctions via a Z-Scheme Charge Transfer Mechanism
Authors: Yang Shuo , Wu Tianna , Li Kaiyue , Huang Ping , Li Wenhui , Zhuo Yuquan , Liu Keyan , Yang Ziwen , Han Donglai
Published: November 2024

With the intensification of the energy crisis and the growing concern over environmental pollution, particularly the discharge of organic dye pollutants in industrial wastewater, photocatalytic degradation of these contaminants using solar energy has emerged as an effective, eco-friendly solution. In this study, we successfully synthesized 2D/2D g-C3N4/BiOI p-n heterojunctions via a simple precipitation method and a high-temperature calcination method. The unique 2D structures of g-C3N4 nanosheets (NSs) and BiOI NSs, coupled with the synergistic effect between the two materials, significantly enhanced the photocatalytic degradation performance of the heterojunctions under simulated sunlight. The band structures, as determined by Tauc curves, Mott–Schottky curves and XPS-VB analysis, revealed a Z-scheme charge transfer mechanism that efficiently reduced charge carrier recombination and improved electron–hole separation. The photocatalytic activity of 2D/2D g-C3N4/BiOI p-n heterojunctions for rhodamine B (Rh B) degradation reached 99.7% efficiency within 60 min, a 2.37-fold and 1.27-fold improvement over pristine BiOI NSs and g-C3N4 NSs, respectively. Furthermore, the heterojunction exhibited excellent recyclability stability, with the degradation efficiency decreasing by only 1.2% after five cycles. Radical scavenging experiments confirmed the involvement of superoxide radicals (∙O2−) and hydroxyl radicals (∙OH) as the primary reactive species in the degradation process. This work highlights the potential of 2D/2D g-C3N4/BiOI p-n heterojunctions for efficient photocatalytic applications in environmental remediation.
Exploring the Effect of Resveratrol, Tyrosol, and Their Derivatives on Platelet-Activating Factor Biosynthesis in U937 Cells
Authors: Petsini Filio , Detopoulou Maria , Choleva Maria , Kostakis Ioannis K. , Fragopoulou Elizabeth , Antonopoulou Smaragdi
Published: November 2024

Platelet-activating factor (PAF) is a potent lipid mediator, involved in thrombosis, inflammation, and atherosclerosis. The protective effect of wine and olive oil against atherosclerotic diseases is largely attributed to their phenolic compounds and mostly to resveratrol and tyrosol. Both compounds have been reported to inhibit PAF biosynthesis in interleukin-1β (IL-1β)-stimulated monocytes and also to attenuate PAF biosynthesis in cell lysates. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of resveratrol, tyrosol, and their derivatives on unstimulated U937 cells and to explore the intracellular messaging pathways that participate in the activation of PAF biosynthesis in the same cell line. Tyrosol and its derivatives did not exert any substantial effect on PAF biosynthesis. Resveratrol (50 and 100 μM), as well as its methoxy derivative (5–20 μM), caused a reduction in the PAF biosynthetic enzymes’ activity by 20–43% after 24 h of incubation. On the other hand, lower resveratrol concentration (10 μM) and higher concentration of the methoxy derivative (50 μM) increased the Ca2+-dependent lyso–PAF acetyltransferase (LysoPAF-ATC) activity by 28–45% after half-hour incubation via p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38-MAPK) action. IL-1β activated PAF biosynthetic pathways via different signaling pathways, with phospholipase C-β (PLC-β) being a key enzyme.
FeNi-Based Aerogels Containing FeNi3 Nanoclusters Embedded with a Crystalline–Amorphous Heterojunction as High-Efficiency Oxygen Evolution Catalysts
Authors: Li Tao , Chen Jiahui , Song Zihao , Zhong Shujie , Feng Wei
Published: November 2024

In green hydrogen production via water electrolysis, catalysts with multiscale nanostructures synthesized by compositing micro-heterojunctions and nanoporous structures exhibit excellent electrocatalytic oxygen evolution reaction (OER) performance. Moreover, they are the most promising non-noble metal catalysts. Herein, FeNi-based aerogels with a three-dimensional nanoporous structure and amorphous matrix embedded with FeNi3 nanoclusters were synthesized via wet chemical reduction coprecipitation. The FeNi3 nanoclusters and the FeNi-based amorphous matrix formed a crystalline–amorphous heterojunction. These aerogels exhibited excellent OER performance and electrocatalytic stability in alkaline electrolytes. In 1 mol/L of KOH electrolyte, the as-synthesized aerogel exhibited an overpotential of 262 mV at a current density of 20 mA cm−2 with a Tafel slope of only 46 mV dec−1. It also demonstrated excellent stability during a 12 h chronopotentiometry test.
Evaluation of Antiproliferative Potentials Associated with the Volatile Compounds of Lantana camara Flowers: Selective In Vitro Activity
Authors: El Hajj Jennifer , Karam Louna , Jaber Ali , Cheble Edmond , Akoury Elias , Kobeissy Philippe Hussein , Ibrahim José-Noel , Yassin Ali
Published: November 2024

Probing the chemical profiles and biological activities of medicinal plants is important for the discovery of new potent therapeutic products. Our study deciphers the chemical composition of the essential oils (EOs) obtained from three different flowers of Lantana camara and evaluates their antioxidant and anticancer activities. This work represents the first study of EOs obtained from this plant and is based particularly on the difference in flower color. In addition, no other reports dealing specifically with the antitumor effects of such flower-derived EOs have been described in the literature. The collected flowers, white, pink, and orange, were extracted by hydrodistillation to yield EO1, EO2, and EO3 respectively. Gas chromatography–mass spectroscopy was primarily employed to identify the existing volatile compounds in the samples. Their antioxidant activities were screened through both DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) scavenging assays and FRAP (ferric-reducing antioxidant power) assays. The antiproliferative effects were evaluated on two distinct breast cancer cell lines, MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231, and compared to a normal human breast cell line, MCF-10A, using an MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium) assay. All EOs showed notable antioxidant potential attributed to the active phytochemical compounds, with results being supported by a positive correlation between such activity and the total phenolic and flavonoid content. The most eminent, EO1, revealed a selective dose-dependent antiproliferative effect in both breast cancer cell lines, thus reflecting its potent role as an anticancer agent. We suggest that this highly selective activity is associated with the presence of bicyclogermacrene and epi-bicyclosesquiphellandrene in its chemical composition.
First-Principles Study of 3R-MoS2 for High-Capacity and Stable Aluminum Ion Batteries Cathode Material
Authors: Wang Bin , Deng Tao , Zhou Quan , Zhang Chaoyang , Lu Xingbao , Tao Renqian
Published: November 2024

Currently, exploring high-capacity, stable cathode materials remains a major challenge for rechargeable Aluminum-ion batteries (AIBs). As an intercalator for rechargeable AIBs, Al3+ produces three times the capacity of AlCl4− when the same number of anions is inserted. However, the cathode material capable of producing Al3+ intercalation is not a graphite material with AlCl4− intercalation but a transition metal sulfide material with polar bonding. In this paper, the insertion mechanism of Al3+ in 3R-MoS2 is investigated using first-principles calculations. It is found that Al3+ tends to insert into different interlayer positions at the same time rather than occupying one layer before inserting into another, which is different from the insertion mechanism of AlCl4− in graphite. Ab initio, molecular dynamics calculations revealed that Al3+ was able to stabilize the insertion of 3R-MoS2. Diffusion barriers indicate that Al3+ preferentially migrates to nearby stabilization sites in diffusion pathway studies. According to the calculation, the theoretical maximum specific capacity of Al3+ intercalated 3R-MoS2 reached 502.30 mAg h−1, and the average voltage of the intercalation was in the range of 0.75–0.96 V. Therefore, 3R-MoS2 is a very promising cathode material for AIBs.
The Influence of Roughness on the Properties of Electroactive Polypyrrole
Authors: Golba Sylwia , Kubisztal Julian
Published: November 2024

This study describes the properties of electroactive polypyrrole and its applications, with a focus on the roughness of the material. This parameter is crucial as it influences the applicability of coated layers, leading to highly adherent coatings or programmed wettability. The first raised aspect covers the electrodeposition procedure, which can help tailor the desired smoothness determined by roughness parameters. Features such as the deposition method, synthetic solution components, potential boundaries, substrate type, and utilized additives are evaluated. In the following section, the application aspects are discussed with a focus on modern, currently developed subjects such as medical applications, including cell-adherent coatings, antibacterial coatings, and drug delivery modules, as well as more technological fields like improved adhesion to the substrate and the improved mechanical properties of the deposited coating.
Comparison of Sample Preparation and Detection Methods for the Quantification of Synthetic Musk Compounds (SMCs) in Carp Fish Samples
Authors: Jo Jungmin , Lee Eunjin , Choi Na Rae , Lee Ji Yi , Yoo Jae Won , Ahn Dong Sik , Ahn Yun Gyong
Published: November 2024

This study deals with the separation and detection methods for 12 synthetic musk compounds (SMCs), which are some of the emerging contaminants in fish samples, are widely present in environmental media, and can be considered serious risks due to their harmful effects. For the separation of co-extracted substances and the target SMCs in fish samples after ultrasonic extraction, four solid-phase extraction (SPE) sorbents were investigated. The recoveries of SMCs from 10 mL of eluent, as optimized by the elution profile, were within the acceptable range of 80–120% in all SPE types, and it was found that nitro musk and polycyclic musk compounds were separated more clearly in Florisil SPE than others (Aminopropyl, Alumina-N, PSA). Furthermore, the results of measuring the matrix effects by each SPE through the spiking experiments showed that Florisil SPE was superior. The comparison of a gas chromatograph-single quadrupole mass spectrometer (GC-SQ/MS) with selected ion monitoring (SIM) mode and GC-triple quadrupole mass spectrometer (GC-QqQ-MS/MS) with multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) modes regarding the detection method of SMCs showed that the method detection limits (MDLs) of SMCs were on average ten times lower when GC-QqQ-MS/MS with MRM mode was used. The differences between the two methods can provide essential information for selecting an analytical method in related research fields that require appropriate detection levels, such as risk assessment or pollution control.