bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Seguenziidae (Gastropoda: Vetigastropoda) from SE Brazil collected by the Marion Dufresne (MD55) expedition
Authors: SALVADOR RODRIGO B. , CAVALLARI DANIEL C. , SIMONE LUIZ R. L.
Published: October 2014

The present work deals with the vetigastropods of the family Seguenziidae collected by the Marion Dufresne (MD55) expedition in SE Brazil, reporting the occurrence of eight species. The following species have their geographical range extended: Ancistrobasis costulata, Carenzia carinata, Carenzia trispinosa, Hadroconus altus, Seguenzia elegans and Seguenzia formosa. Two new species, Halystina umberlee sp. nov. and Seguenzia triteia sp. nov., are described.
Clathria (Thalysias) (Poecilosclerida: Demospongiae: Porifera) from Brazil:
New species and redescription of Clathria (Thalysias) basiarenacea (Boury-Esnault, 1973)
Authors: GALINDO HELCY , HOOPER JOHN N.A. , PINHEIRO ULISSES
Published: October 2014

The subgenus Clathria (Thalysias) Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864 has 97 valid species, of which 27 are recorded in the Atlantic Ocean. However, only three species are known from Brazil so far. Here we provide the redescription of Clathria (Thalysias) basiarenacea (Boury- Esnault, 1973), based on the discovery of new characters (additional category of auxiliary styles, and details of spicules), and describe a new species of Clathria (Thalysias) repens sp. nov., that differs from sister species in having a live orange color, a massively encrusting repent growth form with lamellate folds and anastomosed projections, and three categories of structural styles, of which the two auxiliary styles have microspined heads. We also invalidate the record of Clathria (Thalysias) procera (Ridley, 1884) for Brazil.
A new species and additional records of Pseudolathra Casey (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Paederinae) from southern China
Authors: Peng Zhong , Li Li-Zhen , Zhao Mei-Jun
Published: October 2014

Material of the paederine genus Pseudolathra Casey, 1905 from the Chinese provinces of Zhejiang, Shanghai, Hunan, Guizhou, Guangxi and Hainan is examined. Six species are identified, one of which is described: P. glabra Peng & Li sp. n. (Guizhou: Mayanghe). The genus is now represented in the Oriental and eastern Palaearctic regions by 29 species.
A promising gene delivery system developed from PEGylated MoS2 nanosheets for gene therapy
Authors: Kou Zhongyang , Wang Xin , Yuan Renshun , Chen Huabin , Zhi Qiaoming , Gao Ling , Wang Bin , Guo Zhaoji , Xue Xiaofeng , Cao Wei , Guo Liang
Published: October 2014

A new class of two-dimensional (2D) nanomaterial, transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) such as MoS2, MoSe2, WS2, and WSe2 which have fantastic physical and chemical properties, has drawn tremendous attention in different fields recently. Herein, we for the first time take advantage of the great potential of MoS2 with well-engineered surface as a novel type of 2D nanocarriers for gene delivery and therapy of cancer. In our system, positively charged MoS2-PEG-PEI is synthesized with lipoic acid-modified polyethylene glycol (LA-PEG) and branched polyethylenimine (PEI). The amino end of positively charged nanomaterials can bind to the negatively charged small interfering RNA (siRNA). After detection of physical and chemical characteristics of the nanomaterial, cell toxicity was evaluated by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. Polo-like kinase 1 (PLK1) was investigated as a well-known oncogene, which was a critical regulator of cell cycle transmission at multiple levels. Through knockdown of PLK1 with siRNA carried by novel nanovector, qPCR and Western blot were used to measure the interfering efficiency; apoptosis assay was used to detect the transfection effect of PLK1. All results showed that the novel nanocarrier revealed good biocompatibility, reduced cytotoxicity, as well as high gene-carrying ability without serum interference, thus would have great potential for gene delivery and therapy.
Assessment of nomadic rice-duck complex ecosystem on energy and economy
Authors: Zheng Huabin , Huang Huang , Li Diqin , Li Xumeng , Fu Zhiqiang , Chen Can
Published: October 2014

Introduction

Modern intensive rice production has brought a large amount of environmental pollution and do not guarantee the safety of rice quality. Thus, to improve the farmer's rice production model to reduce agro-chemicals is of great importance to decrease pollution and to guarantee the security of food quality. Here, our experiments illustrated that nomadic rice-duck complex ecosystem (RD) could reduce energy input and increase both energy output and the values of the product safety index based on energy (PSI).

Results

According to the results of our experiments, RD and rice monoculture production system (RM) were -0.6 and -0.78, respectively, which indicated that the safety potential of products in RD was higher than that of RM. Protein yield based on RD was significantly higher than that of RM. The output/input, gross income, and net income of RD were 15.26%, 39.51%, and 44.80%, respectively, higher than that of RM; the data suggest that the economic benefits of RD were greater than that of RM.

Conclusions

Consequently, as an intermediate-type technology, RD could become a feasible alternative that could reduce agro-chemical application rate without decreasing rice yield and increasing labor intensity. Furthermore, as an inheritance and development of the Chinese farming culture, RD is a classic Chinese farming technology withstanding more than 700 years of tests.
On the electromagnetic response of a resistive cylinder buried in a conductive host
Authors: Swidinsky Andrei
Published: October 2014

The frequency-domain electromagnetic response of a confined conductor buried in a resistive host has received much attention, particularly in the context of mineral exploration. In contrast, the problem of the electromagnetic response of a confined resistor buried in a conductive host has been less thoroughly studied. However, resistive targets are important in geotechnical and hydrologic studies, archaeological prospecting, and, more recently, offshore hydrocarbon exploration. I analytically address the problem of the electromagnetic response of a completely resistive cylindrical cavity buried in a conductive host in the presence of a simplified 2D electric dipole source. In contrast to the confined conductor, which channels and induces current systems, the confined resistor deflects current and produces additional eddy current systems in the conductive host. I apply this theory to model the response of a grounded electric dipole-dipole system operating over a range of frequencies from 0 Hz to 10 kHz, in the presence of a horizontal 5-m radius insulating cylinder located 1-m beneath the surface of a uniform earth. This represents a common hazard encountered during mining and civil engineering operations. Results show that such an insulating cavity increases the recorded electric field amplitude and phase delay at all transmitted frequencies. These observations suggest that a broadband electromagnetic prospecting system may provide additional information about the location and extent of a void, over and above a standard dipole-dipole resistivity survey. When the host skin depth is much larger than all other length scales, the response can be approximated by an equivalent single dipole unless the cylinder’s radius is much larger than its distance from the transmitter. This result provids a useful rule of thumb to determine the acceptable range over which a resistive target can be modeled by a distribution of dipoles.
Toward a Theory of Terror
Authors: Simpson David
Published: October 2014

The vocabulary of fear-terror has been confused and confusing throughout its expression in the classical and modern languages, whether in literature, in aesthetics, or in political science. As such, it is unlikely ever to be tamed by the rigors of philosophy, with its aspiration to definitive meanings and exact differences. The more open conventions of theory present a better model for this task of description and analysis. A historical account of the unstable associations of terror reveals how limiting and how aggressively polemical the post-9/11 anglophone attributions of terror have been in disavowing its long-standing identification with the power of the state (rather than of nonstate agents), its identity and nonidentity with terrorism, and its supple relation to other terms (most critically, horror) that were very deliberately not deployed by the media and political establishment in modeling a national response to 9/11, and that might have worked against the reification of a unitary terror as the exclusive property of the enemy-other. English novels of the 1790s (Gothic novels) and the 1890s (Marsh, The Beetle) offer a comparatively flexible language for registering the affective dynamics of fear and terror, and as such can serve as a measure of the purposive impoverishment of the currently prevailing rhetoric.
Benny Golson and John Coltrane
Authors: Merod Jim
Published: October 2014

This excerpt from Lifetime Grammy Award “hall of fame” inductee Benny Golson’s autobiography follows the composer/saxophonist’s recollection of the premature death of his close friend, John Coltrane. Its intimate narrative recalls adolescent jam sessions in Philadelphia that brought together a remarkable group of future stars: Philly Joe Jones, Jimmy and Percy Heath, alongside two aspiring sax players who greatly influenced jazz history. At the center of this vivid account, their unlikely teenage encounter with Thelonious Monk in Harlem and their life-changing evening with Charlie Parker in mid-’40s Philly frame Golson’s poignant memory of a once-in-a-lifetime friendship’s epochal artistic collaboration.
Isn’t It a Beautiful Day? An Interview with J. Hillis Miller
Authors: Fest Bradley J.
Published: October 2014

This interview with esteemed literary critic J. Hillis Miller was conducted via Skype on July 17, 2013. Miller speaks about a number of issues important to his life and work. Providing a number of emblematic parables, Miller discusses his early career, his work on the poetry of William Carlos Williams, and his famous essay “The Critic as Host.” He then addresses the reception of his criticism, his thoughts on irony and the work of Paul de Man, the current state of the humanities and humanities education, and the impact of digital technologies on contemporary reading practices. The interview concludes with a discussion of PRISM and the continuing importance of reading and studying literature.
Naphthalene Bisimide-Based Acceptor Polymers: Synthesis via Palladium-Catalyzed Direct Arylation, Characterization, and Nanostructure
Authors: Nakabayashi Kazuhiro , Yamada Masaya , Mori Hideharu
Published: October 2014

We demonstrated the efficient synthesis of naphthalene bisimide (NBI)-based acceptor polymers by palladium-catalyzed direct arylation, which was a more environmentally friendly and efficient method for the synthesis of conjugated polymers compared to conventional cross-coupling reactions. The direct arylation between our designed thiophene-extended NBI-based monomer and 3,4-dimethylthiophene was successfully carried out to yield the desired NBI-based acceptor polymer (PNBI3T-Dr) with a high molecular weight (Mn > 30000, Mw ≈ 90000) in relatively high yield. The optimal direct arylation could afford the NBI-based acceptor polymer with a higher molecular weight in a shorter reaction time than conventional Stille coupling. Furthermore, grazing incidence wide angle X-ray scattering (GIWAXS) analysis revealed that the as-spun PNBI3T-Dr thin film had π–π stacked nanostructure.
Can Marginal Rates of Substitution Be Inferred from Happiness Data? Evidence from Residency Choices
Authors: Benjamin Daniel J. , Heffetz Ori , Kimball Miles S. , Rees-Jones Alex
Published: October 2014

We survey 561 students from US medical schools shortly after they submit choice rankings over residencies to the National Resident Matching Program. We elicit (i) these choice rankings, (ii) anticipated subjective well-being (SWB) rankings, and (iii) expected features of the residencies (such as prestige). We find substantial differences between choice and anticipated-SWB rankings in the implied trade-offs between residency features. In our data, evaluative SWB measures (life satisfaction and Cantril's Ladder) imply trade-offs closer to choice than does affective happiness (even time-integrated), and as close as do multimeasure SWB indices. We discuss implications for using SWB data in applied work. (JEL D12, I31)
The Power of Communication
Authors: Rahman David
Published: October 2014

In this paper, I offer two ways in which firms can collude: secret monitoring and infrequent coordination. Such collusion is enforceable with intuitive communication protocols. I make my case in the context of a repeated Cournot oligopoly with flexible production, prices that follow a Brownian motion and no monetary side payments, an environment where it has previously been argued that any collusion is impossible. Trade associations can easily facilitate collusion by mediating communication amongst firms. (JEL D21, D43, L12, L13)
MODEL OF CREATION OF THE DISTRIBUTED INFORMATION SYSTEM WITH CLIENT-SERVER ARCHITECTURE
Authors: Колупаева  , Kolupaeva T. , Юдина  , Yudina N. , Лемешко  , Lemeshko A.
Published: October 2014

In article the question of creation of structural model of information system and the general laws of its functioning is considered. The model is determined in the form of a train of the models Fит = < F, Fxy, Fyw> which elements consistently form stages of performance of IT (F– model of formation of a set of inquiries, Fxy – model of transformation of entrance object in day off, Fyw – model of a set of output documents)
Laser skin resurfacing: an overview of treatment options and outcomes
Authors: Mason Lisa
Published: October 2014

Laser resurfacing procedures have become increasingly popular as more and more patients are seeking out aesthetic treatments that produce dramatic results. Considered the gold standard procedure for atrophic acne scarring and skin regeneration, laser resurfacing achieves more superior results than chemical peels and has a safer profile than more traditional methods such as dermabrasion. In this article, the author will differentiate between the various laser resurfacing technologies available, describe the mechanisms of action for ablative and non-ablative lasers in both fractionated and unfractionated modalities, explore the expected treatment outcomes, and outline the short-term and long-term complications associated with each procedure.
Current trends in tonsillitis and tonsillectomy
Authors: Millington AJ , Phillips JS
Published: October 2014

Introduction

The aim of this study was to assess tonsillitis and tonsillectomy trends, both from a local and national perspective.

Methods

Retrospective analysis was carried out of tonsillitis admissions and tonsillectomy rates over a ten-year period in a university teaching hospital from 2003 to 2012.

Results

Since 2003 tonsillitis admissions have increased locally by 118% in adults and 179% in children despite negligible changes in tonsillectomy rates. Similar trends have been observed nationally.

Conclusions

The findings of this study may be considered to be the result of current National Health Service policy. A reconsideration of agreed indications for tonsillectomy could potentially reduce hospital admissions of patients with tonsillitis in the long term.
Otolaryngological complications of occipitocervical injury
Authors: Qureishi A , Khan T , Johnston M , Bommireddy R , Klezl Z
Published: October 2014

Occipitocervical injuries are rare, accounting for 15% of all fatal spinal trauma. In patients who survive the initial incident, early detection and appropriate management is vital to avoid significant neurological disability and mortality. We present the case of a patient with neck trauma who was initially cleared of spinal injuries in the emergency department but who later developed acute hearing loss. We describe how the investigation of the hearing loss led to the detection of this devastating injury and report its successful management. Patients with persistent neck pain following trauma, particularly in the presence of degenerative spinal disease, should have cervical spine computed tomography to exclude occipitocervical injuries and other occult injuries.
Hand metastasis from a sacral chordoma
Authors: Emori M , Kaya M , Sugita S , Soma T , Sasaki M , Yamashita T
Published: October 2014

Chordomas are rare, low grade, malignant tumours derived from the ectopic remnants of the notochord that line the axial skeleton. They are characterised by their slow growth, long disease course and propensity for local relapse. Furthermore, up to 40% of non-cranial chordomas metastasise. We describe the first reported case of a hand metastasis arising from a conventional sacral chordoma after carbon ion radiotherapy. The common occurrence of distant metastasis with chordomas makes it important to perform a systemic examination, in part because their resection might improve patient prognosis.
Hand transplant surgery
Authors: Nassimizadeh M , Nassimizadeh AK , Power D
Published: October 2014

In September 1998 the world’s first hand transplant was performed in Lyon, France. A new era in reconstructive surgery had begun. This case highlighted the potential for composite tissue allotransplantation (CTA). While CTA is not a new technique, it unifies the principles of reconstructive microsurgery and transplant surgery, achieving the goals of absolute correction of a defect with anatomically and physiologically identical tissue with none of the issues of donor site morbidity associated with autologous tissue transfer.

The adoption of this technique for non-life threatening conditions to improve quality of life has generated a number of new ethical considerations. Additionally, the prominence of transplanted hands has led to much discussion around the issue of body identity and psychological assessment of potential recipients. This is fundamental to any hand transplantation programme. With the advent of hand transplantation dawning in the UK, we review the many ethical considerations that contribute to this new frontier.
Case report of a successfully treated gentamicin and ciprofloxacin resistant Serratia marcescens prosthetic joint infection
Authors: Cannon TA , Partridge DG , Boden RA , Townsend R , Stockley I
Published: October 2014

We report the case of an eradicated multiresistant Serratia marcescens prosthetic hip joint infection. It is estimated that enteric Gram-negative organisms account for approximately 8% of prosthetic joint infections. However, the evolving multiresistant strains of organisms being encountered in hospital acquired infections is making eradication increasingly difficult. We describe n our surgical and microbiological approach to this in a complex case.
Surgical ventricular reconstruction and subendocardial resection for the treatment of refractory ventricular tachycardia
Authors: Ismail NA , Bence J , Spyt TJ
Published: October 2014

We describe a case of 64-year-old female patient with ventricular tachycardia intractable to medical treatment and acute heart failure following myocardial infarction. Emergency surgical ventricular reconstruction and subendocardial resection was undertaken. We discuss the option of surgical intervention in this difficult and unusual clinical scenario.
Adults who refuse blood transfusion in emergency, urgent and elective circumstances
Authors: Wheeler R
Published: October 2014

Surgeons dealing with an adult refusing a blood transfusion find themselves in an unenviable position, torn between wishing to preserve the patient’s life while also respecting his or her wishes. This article looks at the legal framework for such circumstances as set out in the Mental Capacity Act 2005.
The trauma of war
Authors: Biswas Seema
Published: October 2014

The following is a point-prevalence look at a day in the life of a surgeon in Israel treating victims of the tragic ongoing Syrian civil war.
The ‘dawn hip‘ initiative: one year on
Authors: Nzeako O , Neen O , Housden P
Published: October 2014

The implications of osteoporosis are vast and growing because of the associated mortality, morbidity and cost of providing clinical care to an ageing population. in england in 2012–2013, there were almost 400,000 fractures presenting to hospital, the majority in old age, with over a quarter of these being hip fractures. 1 This is the most devastating of the fragility fractures. The incidence has risen by about 2% per year. Projections suggest that if this continues, the current incidence of 113,000 will increase to 130,000 in 2020.
Opinions of UK Orthopaedic Trainees Regarding Training, Assessment and the Trainee Fee
Authors: Tudor F , Mcconnell J , Smitham P , Palan J
Published: October 2014

The joint committee on surgical Training (jcsT) is the body responsible to the four surgical royal colleges of the UK and ireland for all matters in relation to surgical training. The jcsT is the parent body for the ten specialty advisory committees (sacs) responsible for surgical specialties including trauma and orthopaedics. 1
Signposts to ST3 selection success in general surgery
Authors: Thomas C , Karran A , Blake P , Iorwerth A , Holt M , Lewis W
Published: October 2014

The ideal shape and duration of UK core surgical training (CST) remains controversial and, despite national recruitment and standardised assessments, there is little uniformity across deaneries when it comes to CsT rotation structure. Moreover, many discrepancies exist in the duration of individual placements, the provision of themed rotations and even the total duration of training. 1,2
Mouthguards for sporting activities – do they offer protection?
Authors: Fayle Stephen
Published: October 2014

Mouthguards are widely advocated for children and adults engaging in contact sports, but which type is the best, who should have them and, most importantly of all, do they work?
Evaluating linear approximations in a two-country model with occasionally binding borrowing constraints
Authors: Anagnostopoulos Alexis , Tang Xin
Published: October 2014

Under a linear approximation, a standard two-country business cycles model with incomplete markets delivers consumption and debt dynamics that are non-stationary (unit root) and a bond price that is independent of the wealth distribution. We argue that these two features are due to the local nature of the approximation and we show that they survive even when second or third order local approximations are used. However, these features disappear when debt limits and the associated precautionary motives are taken into account by a standard, global solution method. We subsequently investigate whether this qualitative difference has significant quantitative implications regarding the linear solution as an approximation to the model’s equilibrium dynamics. Policy function differences between the local and global solutions can be large and remain significant even in the case of debt limits as loose as the natural debt limit. These differences can lead to significant discrepancies in implied simulated second moments. In a benchmark calibration, the cross-country correlation of consumption is 0.61 under linearization, but only 0.38 when a policy iteration algorithm is used.
Fetal ingestion of an amniotic band: how rare is it?
Authors: Schüttauf Robert-Jan Christian , Hellebrekers Bart W.J.
Published: October 2014

Amniotic bands are believed to be formed as a result of chorio-amniotic membrane separation, which produces free-floating tissue bands. These amniotic bands can cause a wide range of clinical abnormalities, known as amniotic band syndrome. Amniotic bands can also be swallowed by the fetus, thus causing, for instance, facial clefting. However, few studies have reported swallowing of amniotic bands. Thus, we report a case of a term infant who was born with a large ingested amniotic band hanging from the mouth.
Design and Implementation of Secure and Reliable Communication using Optical Wireless Communication
Authors: Saadi Muhammad , Bajpai Ambar , Zhao Yan , Sangwongngam Paramin , Wuttisittikulkij Lunchakorn
Published: October 2014

Wireless networking intensify the tractability in the home and office environment to connect the internet without wires but at the cost of risks associated with stealing the data or threat of loading malicious code with the intention of harming the network. In this paper, we proposed a novel method of establishing a secure and reliable communication link using optical wireless communication (OWC). For security, spatial diversity based transmission using two optical transmitters is used and the reliability in the link is achieved by a newly proposed method for the construction of structured parity check matrix for binary Low Density Parity Check (LDPC) codes. Experimental results show that a successful secure and reliable link between the transmitter and the receiver can be achieved by using the proposed novel technique.
Compressed Sampling of Spectrally Sparse Signals Using Sparse Circulant Matrices
Authors: Xu Guangjie , Wang Huali , Sun Lei , Zeng Weijun , Wang Qingguo
Published: October 2014

Circulant measurement matrices constructed by partial cyclically shifts of one generating sequence, are easier to be implemented in hardware than widely used random measurement matrices; however, the diminishment of randomness makes it more sensitive to signal noise. Selecting a deterministic sequence with optimal periodic autocorrelation property (PACP) as generating sequence, would enhance the noise robustness of circulant measurement matrix, but this kind of deterministic circulant matrices only exists in the fixed periodic length. Actually, the selection of generating sequence doesn't affect the compressive performance of circulant measurement matrix but the subspace energy in spectrally sparse signals. Sparse circulant matrices, whose generating sequence is a sparse sequence, could keep the energy balance of subspaces and have similar noise robustness to deterministic circulant matrices. In addition, sparse circulant matrices have no restriction on length and are more suitable for the compressed sampling of spectrally sparse signals at arbitrary dimensionality.
A Lévy Based Approach to Random Vector Fields: With a View Towards Turbulence
Authors: Hedevang Emil , Schmiegel Jürgen
Published: October 2014

Using integration of deterministic, matrix-valued functions with respect to vector-valued, volatility modulated Lévy bases, we construct random vector fields on R

n
. In the statistically homogeneous case, the vector field is given as a convolution. With applications to turbulence in mind, the convolution kernel is expressed in terms of the energy spectrum. The theory is applied to atmospheric boundary layer turbulence where, in particular, the Shkarofsky correlation family (a generalisation of the Matérn correlation family) is shown to fit the data well. A modification of the Shkarofsky correlation family, which reproduces a more rigorously derived result on the small-scale behaviour of fully developed turbulence, is introduced. Since turbulence possesses structure across a wide range of length scales, simulation is non-trivial. Using a smooth partition of unity, a simple algorithm is derived to decompose the simulation problem into computationally tractable subproblems. Applications within the wind energy industry are suggested.
Detection of inborn errors of metabolism using GC-MS: over 3 years of experience in southern China
Authors: Jiang MinYan , Liu Li , Mei HuiFen , Li XiuZhen , Cheng Jing , Cai YanNa
Published: October 2014

Inborn errors of metabolism (IEM) have been detected worldwide using gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS) since the 1980s, but few related reports exist on the incidence, spectrum, and clinical presentation features of IEM in southern China.

From January 2009 to March 2012, 16,075 urine samples were collected from patients who were highly suspected of having IEM in Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Center. The specimens were evaluated using GC-MS.

We diagnosed 303 cases of IEM by urine GC-MS analysis, including 197 cases with amino acid disorders, 86 cases with organic acidurias (OAs), 10 cases with fatty acid oxidative (FAO) disorders, and 10 cases with peroxisomal disorders. Neonatal intrahepatic cholestasis caused by citrin deficiency (NICCD) was the most common (153 cases), followed by methylmalonic aciduria (48 cases), urea cycle disorders (21 cases), phenylketonuria (20 cases), propionic aciduria (11 cases), X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy (10 cases), multiple carboxylase deficiency (8 cases), glutaric aciduria type I (7 cases), isovaleric aciduria (6 cases), glutaric aciduria type II (4 cases), short-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency (4 cases), 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaric aciduria (3 cases), maple syrup urine disease (2 cases), very long-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency (1 case), malonic aciduria (1 case), mevalonic aciduria (1 case), Canavan disease (1 case), lysine protein intolerance (1 case), and medium-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency (1 case). The clinical and laboratory features of IEM are neurologic signs, jaundice, metabolic acidosis, ketotic hypoglycemia, and hyperammonemia.

In our study, GC-MS provided a diagnostic clue to OAs, amino acid disorders, FAO, and peroxisomal disorders. Urease pretreatment is useful for the diagnosis of NICCD. In southern China, the majority of IEM were amino acid disorders and organic acid disorders. FAO disorders were relatively rare, which we need to investigate further.
Enhanced Raman scattering in graphene by plasmonic resonant Stokes emission
Authors: Ghamsari Behnood G. , Olivieri Anthony , Variola Fabio , Berini Pierre
Published: October 2014

Exploiting surface plasmon polaritons to enhance interactions between graphene and light has recently attracted much interest. In particular, nonlinear optical processes in graphene can be dramatically enhanced and controlled by plasmonic nanostructures. This work demonstrates Raman scattering enhancement in graphene based on plasmonic resonant enhancement of the Stokes emission, and compares this mechanism with the conventional Raman enhancement by resonant pump absorption. Arrays of optical nanoantennas with different resonant frequency are utilized to independently identify the effects of each mechanism on Raman scattering in graphene via the measured enhancement factor and its spectral linewidth. We demonstrate that, while both mechanisms offer large enhancement factors (scattering cross-section gains of 160 and 20 for individual nanoantennas, respectively), they affect the graphene Raman spectrum quite differently. Our results provide a benchmark to assess and quantify the role and merit of each mechanism in surface-plasmon-mediated Raman scattering in graphene, and may be employed for design and realization of a variety of graphene optoelectronic devices involving nonlinear optical processes.
Complementizers in the German-language Sprachinsel of Deutschpilsen/Nagybörzsöny (Hungary)
Authors: Nagy Gizella Baloghné , Márkus Éva
Published: October 2014

The study provides a sketch of the complementizer system of the German language island Deutschpilsen (Hungary). After laying out the basic facts, the structural position of subordinating items in the embedded clause is discussed, also in comparison to the contact language, Hungarian. The second main issue is the systematic distribution of inversion, verb-second and verb-final word order in embedded clauses. Regarding the tendency of embedded-V2, a parallel is drawn between the analyzed dialect and Standard German. In all cases, the minor influence of Hungarian as the host contact language is examined.
On asymmetric pro-drop in Mòcheno. Pinning down the role of contact in the maintenance of a root-embedded asymmetry
Authors: Cognola Federica
Published: October 2014

In this article I demonstrate that in two varieties of Mòcheno, a German dialect spoken by about 600 people in the Fersina valley (Trentino, Northern Italy), referential null subjects can be licensed in main, but not in embedded clauses. This particular root-embedded asymmetry, known as “asymmetric
pro-drop” (Benincà 1984), had until now been considered to be fully absent from modern Romance (Benincà 2006) and German varieties (cf. Volodina & Weiß 2012). Through an examination of Old High German, Old Italian and modern Romance varieties, I show that asymmetric pro-drop is not an innovation introduced by contact with modern Romance varieties, but must be considered a conservative feature of older German varieties that has probably been maintained because it is shared with older Romance varieties (cf. Benincà 1994).
Enhancing Science Instruction through Student-Created PowerPoint Presentations
Authors: Gerido Leona , Curran Mary Carla
Published: October 2014

Technology use in science classes can enhance lessons and reinforce scientific content. The creation of multimedia projects is a great way to engage students in lessons about estuarine ecosystems. In this activity, students can learn about estuarine organisms and use their creativity to write a story, create artwork, and develop a multimedia presentation about the organisms using the Microsoft PowerPoint program. The projects can then be shared to inform others about life in an estuary.
Genetic Dominance & Cellular Processes
Authors: Seager Robert D.
Published: October 2014

In learning genetics, many students misunderstand and misinterpret what “dominance” means. Understanding is easier if students realize that dominance is not a mechanism, but rather a consequence of underlying cellular processes. For example, metabolic pathways are often little affected by changes in enzyme concentration. This means that enzyme-producing alleles usually show complete dominance. For genes producing nonenzymatic proteins such as collagen or hemoglobin, the amount of product matters, and dominance relationships are more complicated. Furthermore, with hemoglobin, dominance can change depending on what aspect of the phenotype is being studied and on the environmental conditions. X-linked genes are a special case, whether enzymatic or not. Because of X-chromosome inactivation, only one X-linked allele can be active in a cell, which means that the concept of dominance cannot be applied at the cellular level. Instead, a type of dominance is demonstrated at the individual level; but even so, dominant traits may fail to be expressed, and recessive traits can be expressed. Teaching not only what is happening but why it's happening will give students a deeper understanding, not only of dominance relationships, but of the underlying cellular processes as well.
How Do Small Things Make a Big Difference? Activities to Teach about Human–Microbe Interactions
Authors: Jasti Chandana , Hug Barbara , Waters Jillian L. , Whitaker Rachel J.
Published: October 2014

Recent scientific studies are providing increasing evidence for how microbes living in and on us are essential to our good health. However, many students still think of microbes only as germs that harm us. The classroom activities presented here are designed to shift student thinking on this topic. In these guided inquiry activities, students investigate human–microbe interactions as they work together to interpret and analyze authentic data from published articles and develop scientific models. Through the activities, students learn and apply ecological concepts as they come to see the human body as a fascinatingly complex ecosystem.
Investigating Issues in the Laboratory
Authors: Hewitt Krissi M. , Kayes Lori J. , Hubert David , Chouinard Adam
Published: October 2014

Recent reform initiatives in undergraduate biology call for curricula that prepare students for dealing with real-world issues and making important links between science and society. In response to this call, we have developed an issues-based laboratory module that uses guided inquiry to integrate the concepts of animal behavior and population biology into an issue of both local and global relevance. The issue associated with this module is “What should be done about invasive crayfish?” Students investigate plausible reasons why crayfish are often successful invasive species through hypothesis testing, collection of behavioral data on live crayfish, and quantitative reasoning. Students also consider economic and environmental impacts of invasive species on local and global ecosystems. We implemented this module in a large introductory biology course and conducted survey research to evaluate the module’s potential to serve as an interesting and valuable learning experience for undergraduate biology students.
Natural Variation atsympathy for the liguleControls Penetrance of the SemidominantLiguleless narrow-RMutation inZea mays
Authors: Buescher Elizabeth M , Moon Jihyun , Runkel Anne , Hake Sarah , Dilkes Brian P
Published: October 2014

Leaf architecture determines plant structural integrity, light harvesting, and economic considerations such as plant density. Ligules, junctions at the leaf sheath and blade in grasses, protect stalks from environmental stresses and, in conjunction with auricles, controls leaf angle. Previous studies in mutants have recessive liguleless mutants (lg1 and lg2) and dominant mutations in knotted1-like homeobox genes (Lg3-O, Lg4, and Kn1) involved in ligule development. Recently, a new semidominant liguleless mutant, Liguleless narrow (Lgn-R), has been characterized in maize that affects ligule and auricle development and results in a narrow leaf phenotype. We show that quantitative genetic variation affects penetrance of Lgn-R. To examine the genetic architecture underlying Lgn-R expressivity, crosses between Lgn-R/+ mutants in a B73 background and intermated B73 x Mo17 recombinant inbred lines were evaluated in multiple years and locations. A single main-effect quantitative trait locus (QTL) on chromosome 1 (sympathy for the ligule; sol) was discovered with a Mo17-contributed allele that suppressed Lgn-R mutant phenotypes. This QTL has a genetic-interaction with a locus on chromosome 7 (lucifer; lcf) for which the B73-contributed allele increases the ability of the solMo17 allele to suppress Lgn-R. Neither of the genetic intervals likely to contain sol or lcf overlap with any current liguleless genes nor with previously identified genome-wide association QTL connected to leaf architecture. Analysis of phenotypes across environments further identified a genotype by enviroment interaction determining the strength of the sol x lcf interaction.
Effect of edaphic and foliar applications of different doses of zinc on the yield of the Criolla Colombia cultivar
Authors: López Andrés , Gómez Manuel Iván , Rodríguez Luis Ernesto
Published: October 2014

The present study was carried out in a Typic Hapludand soil in the municipality of 'El Rosal' (Colombia) and aimed to compare the yield performance of the cultivar Criolla Colombia under foliar applications of Zn chelate (0, 1, 2 and 3 kg ha-1) and edaphic applications of granulated Zn sulfated (0, 1, 2 and 3 kg ha-1). A split-plot, randomized complete block design, with four repetitions per treatment, was employed. In each category, the evaluated variables were: tuber weight and number of tubers. The results revealed that the 3.0 kg ha-1 edaphic application rendered a quadratic yield behavior with a relative increase of 7.9 t ha-1 (136%) for the first category tuber weight and 9.5 t ha-1 (68%) for total weight. In turn, the foliar application of the same dose resulted in a 5.8 t ha-1 (93%) relative increase and a first category tuber total weight increase of 3.8 t ha-1 (24%). Under the edaphic and foliar Zn applications, the number of tubers underwent 77 and 86% increases, respectively, with respect to the control. These results show the importance of Zn in photoassimilate accumulation efficiency, structure differentiation and tuber quality in this short-cycle crop.
Determination of an efficient irrigation schedule for the cultivation of rose cv. Freedom under greenhouse conditions in Colombia
Authors: Arévalo Jhon Jairo , Vélez S. Javier Enrique , Intrigliolo Diego Sebastiano
Published: October 2014

An experiment on rose (Rosa sp.) cv. Freedom was performed in a greenhouse on the Bogota Plateau, Colombia, to identify an efficient irrigation regime for this crop. The tested treatments were based on three irrigation doses, applying different fractions of the estimated crop evapotranspiration (ETc), calculated using a class A evaporation tank: i) 100% ETc (ETc100), ii) 80% ETc (ETc80) and iii) 70% ETc (ETc70). During the entire experimental period, from mid-May to early September, the crop had a constant production of floral stems. In all of the irrigation treatments, the soil and plant water status were monitored using tensiometers and the midday stem water potential, respectively (ystem). In the fully irrigated roses, the actual water use was determined using a drainage lysimeter in order to obtain the local crop coefficients (Kc) by means of a water balance. From June to August, the obtained monthly Kc values varied between 1.10 and 1.26. Compared to the ETc100 treatment, 14.5 and 21.8% less water was applied in treatments ETc80 and ETc70, respectively. Despite this fact, no statistically significant differences were found among the treatments for rose production or quality. Finally, in the more irrigated roses, tight relationships between the stem water potential and vapor pressure deficit were obtained. The reported base-line equations can be used for predicting the optimum rose plant water status, depending on the environmental conditions. Overall, the reported results can be used for an efficient irritation schedule for rose crops under greenhouse conditions, using the local Kc and direct determinations of plant water status corrected for the evaporative demand.
Reappraising the multiple functions of traditional agriculture within the context of building rural development investigative skills
Authors: Rivas G. Álvaro , Quintero V. Heimar
Published: October 2014

The productivist and reductionist vision of industrial agriculture in the twentieth century prevented the analysis of the other multiple functions of traditional agriculture, such as those corresponding to the ecological and cultural dimensions. In the current rural crisis, which entails food insecurity, environmental uncertainties, deterioration of the social fabric, a context lacking rural educational (extension) proposals and impaired quality of life, to name a few, it is necessary to reassess traditional agriculture in order to generate strategies that are capable of providing strategic answers to the problems in question. The current multifunctional agriculture (MFA) paradigm allows agricultural research in different world regions, addressing comprehensive economic aspects, protection of commons, actor-centered focus and public policy formulation. This article presents the current modern research contributions that, in the framework of the project: Rural Societies, Economy and Natural Resources integrating rural development skills, (Sociedades Rurales Economía y Recursos Naturales integrando competencias para el desarrollo rural - SERIDAR, which is part of the Alpha III program of the European Commission) and reveals and reappraises other functions of traditional agriculture that warrant investigation. In this way, the Universidad Nacional de Colombia contributes to the development of appropriate research skills by integrating post-graduate students in transdisciplinary research with local knowledge networks. We hypothesized that farmer adaptations contain practical and technical strategic guidance for the protection of common goods (soil, biodiversity, water, etc.) and the strengthening of the social fabric (knowledge and culture). With the reappraisal of the multiple functions of traditional agriculture and their upgrading in the context of post-industrial cultures, it is possible to build strategies that are capable of responding to the uncertainties produced by the global markets of food, land and technology, the reductionist knowledge systems and the environment.
Comparison of DNA extraction methods for detection of citrus huanglongbing in Colombia
Authors: Angel Jorge Evelio , Hernández Erick Geovanni , Herrera Néstor Andrés , Gómez Linda Yhiset , Castro Ángela Patricia , Sepúlveda Adriana Milena , Ebratt Everth Emilio
Published: October 2014

Four DNA citrus plant tissue extraction protocols and three methods of DNA extraction from vector psyllid Diaphorina citriKuwayama (Hemiptera: Psyllidae) were compared as part of the validation process and standardization for detection of huanglongbing (HLB). The comparison was done using several criterias such as integrity, purity and concentration. The best quality parameters presented in terms of extraction of DNA from plant midribs tissue of citrus, were cited by Murray and Thompson (1980) and Rodríguez et al. (2010), while for the DNA extraction from psyllid vectors of HLB, the best extraction method was suggested by Manjunath et al.(2008).
Tree-ring growth and hydro-climatic variability in temperate dendrochronologies of northern Mexico
Authors: Návar José , Lizárraga-Mendiola Liliana
Published: October 2014

This report addresses the following questions: a) is the diameter growth described by the standard ring width anomaly (SRWA) of Psudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco trees related to precipitation (P), pan evaporation (E), evapotranspiration (Et), runoff (Q), and soil moisture content (θ) derived from a water balance model?; b) is the SRWA associated with synoptic climate events such as El Nino Southern Oscillation (ENSO), the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO), and the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO)?, and c) are P, Et and θ related to ENSO, PDO and AMO events? The SRWA for three dendrochronologies (Las Bayas and Banderas in Durango and El Gato in Zacatecas) from 1665 to 2001 addressed these questions. Instrumental measurements of P and E (1947-2007) and, using parameterized sub-models for the rainfall interception of Gash model (I) and Et, a mass balance approach evaluated Q and θ for a forest site near El Salto, Durango, Mexico. SRWA oscillations of several timescales had spectral peaks every 2-3; 3-7; and 9-12 years. The ENSO indices explained most of the total SRWA variation for all three chronologies (1990-2001). For the short (1990-2001) and middle-term (1945-2001) seasonal data, the SRWA variability was only linked to θ. The strength of the relationship weakened as the length of the time series increased, indicating that other variables control tree growth as well. The ENSO takes, on average, 4 to 8 months to display its effect on the hydrological variables and diameter growth in northern P. mensiezii trees of Mexico, making tree growth predictable.
Temperature effect on rose downy mildew development under environmental controlled conditions
Authors: Filgueira D. Juan José , Zambrano Angélica
Published: October 2014

The rose downy mildew disease, caused by Peronospora sparsa Berkeley, is one of the most important that affect rose crops in Colombia. To manage this disease, flower growers must deal with high-costs due to the excessive application of fungicides, but without good results. Studies on P. sparsa behavior have shown its narrow relationship with environmental conditions. In this study, the temperature effect was evaluated during the infection and sporulation of P. sparsa in Charlotte leaflets, a susceptible commercial variety, through an environmental controlled conditions system. Infection and sporulation were observed at different temperatures in a range of from 4 to 40°C. Infection with the absence of or very low sporulation was observed at 4°C. The most favorable pathogen responses were between 15 and 18°C in terms of inoculum concentration and sporulation percentage. There was no infection or leaflet change above 35°C. According to the results, sporulation can occur from 4 to 33°C, confirming the fact that P. sparsa is able to reproduce throughout a wide temperature range.