bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Childcare, Parental Behavior and Well-Being during Childhood
Authors: Haeck Catherine , Lebihan Laetitia , Lefebvre Pierre , Merrigan Philip
Published: April 2022

In this paper, we study the long-term impacts on parental health and behaviors of a low-fee universal childcare program for children aged zero to five years old. We follow families for more than 10 years after the reform. For families with preschool children, we show that the adverse effects documented in previous studies on maternal depression and parental behaviors persist over time. However, once children enter school, most negative effects of the program on parental mental health and behaviors fade away. Only the negative effect on positive interactions may have persisted over time.
Familiarity and Race Bias: Evidence from a Television Competition (and the Case for More Women Judges?)
Authors: Chong Bruno Z. , Chong Marco Z.
Published: April 2022

While social interaction is claimed to help reduce racial bias, the evidence is mixed. We argue that not only interaction, but familiarity among agents may help reduce race bias. We use new data from MasterChef, a nationally syndicated television competition that cover 10 years. We find that familiarity does not help reduce race bias. When judges are all Caucasian they appear to favor Caucasian contestants and set back minority contestants in the final placements. Interestingly, we find an analogous finding with minority judges. Female judges are the only ones who show no bias.
Importance of cerebrospinal fluid storage conditions for the Alzheimer’s disease diagnostics on an automated platform
Authors: Ferrer Rosa , Zhu Nuole , Arranz Javier , Porcel Inmaculada , El Bounasri Shaimaa , Sánchez Oriol , Torres Soraya , Julve Josep , Lleó Alberto , Blanco-Vaca Francisco , Alcolea Daniel , Tondo Mireia
Published: April 2022

Objectives

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is considered the most common cause of dementia in older people. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) Aβ1-42, Aβ1-40, total Tau (t-Tau), and phospho Tau (p-Tau) are important biomarkers for the diagnosis, however, they are highly dependent on the pre-analytical conditions. Our aim was to investigate the potential influence of different storage conditions on the simultaneous quantification of these biomarkers in a fully-automated platform to accommodate easier pre-analytical conditions for laboratories.

Methods

CSF samples were obtained from 11 consecutive patients. Aβ1-42, Aβ1-40, p-Tau, and t-Tau were quantified using the LUMIPULSE G600II automated platform.

Results

Temperature and storage days significantly influenced Aβ1-42 and Aβ1-40 with concentrations decreasing with days spent at 4 °C. The use of the Aβ1-42/Aβ1-40 ratio could partly compensate it. P-Tau and t-Tau were not affected by any of the tested storage conditions. For conditions involving storage at 4 °C, a correction factor of 1.081 can be applied. Diagnostic agreement was almost perfect in all conditions.

Conclusions

Cutoffs calculated in samples stored at −80 °C can be safely used in samples stored at −20 °C for 15–16 days or up to two days at RT and subsequent freezing at −80 °C. For samples stored at 4 °C, cutoffs would require applying a correction factor, allowing to work with the certainty of reaching the same clinical diagnosis.
Influencers as political agents? The potential of an unlikely source to motivate political action
Authors: Naderer Brigitte
Published: April 2022

The impact of social media influencers (SMIs) on brand-related outcomes has been well researched, yet whether this influence also impacts political participation and what role the relationship between SMIs and their audiences play has not been sufficiently examined to date. Basing this study on the Balance Model, I investigated the potential of an unlikely vs. a likely source and the role of similarity with a SMI based on a shared topic interest to elicit the intention for political action in an experimental study (n = 222). The perceived similarity with the SMI was examined as a mediator and the role of the shared topic interest with the SMI as a potential moderator. The results indicate that a likely source for political information generated a greater topic fit. The perceived similarity with the source depended on the shared topic interest between the source and the participants. This is a key finding, as perceived similarity with the source in turn predicted the intention to take political action, which positively activated participants who shared the topic interest of the unlikely source even if they did not indicate a topic interest in politics. Thus, a shared interest with a SMI might make even those not interested in politics more open to political participation.
A single center experience in 90 cases with nonimmune hydrops fetalis: diagnostic categories ‒ mostly aneuploidy and still often idiopathic
Authors: Sturm Julia , Milera Heiko , Essmann Stephanie , Fruth Anja , Jahn-Eimermacher Antje , Selig Mareike , Winter Jennifer , Seidmann Larissa , Kampmann Christoph , Kidszun André , Mildenberger Eva , Whybra Catharina
Published: April 2022

Objectives

The prognosis of nonimmune hydrops fetalis (NIHF) is still poor with a high mortality and morbidity rate despite progress in perinatal care. This study was designed to investigate etiology and outcome of NIHF.

Methods

A retrospective review of 90 NIHF cases from 2007 to 2019 was conducted at University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany. Demographics, genetic results, prenatal and postnatal outcomes including one year survival as well as autopsy data were extracted. Etiology of hydrops was classified using 13 previously established categories. In 4 patients observed between 2016 and 2019, we used a next-generation-sequencing (NGS) panel for genetic evaluation.

Results

Ninety NIHF cases were identified, with a median gestational age (GA) at diagnosis of 14 weeks. There were 25 live-born infants with a median GA of 34 weeks at birth, 15 patients survived to one year. There was aneuploidy in more than one third of the cases. All 90 cases were subclassified into etiologic categories with chromosomal 35, idiopathic 15, syndromic 11, cardiovascular 9, inborn errors of metabolism 6, lymphatic dysplasia 3, thoracic 3, infections 3, gastrointestinal 3 and hematologic 2. The NGS panel was used in 4 cases and 4 diagnoses were made.

Conclusions

In 90 cases with NIHF we identified an aneuploidy in more than one third of the cases. Improved techniques, such as possibly specific genetic analysis, could reduce the high rate of unexplained cases of NIHF.
Language and political consciousness: explorations from the Philippines at the fin de siècle
Authors: Osborne Dana
Published: April 2022

At the turn of the twentieth century, the Philippine archipelago transitioned from nearly 400 years of colonial occupation under the Spanish to imperial occupation under the Americans. This analysis interrogates the dynamics through which the heterogeneous languages of the Philippine archipelago were maintained alongside state-sanctioned languages that over time came to create and sustain various forms of consciousness potentiated around the nexus of language. Using a theoretical foundation that intertwines Gramsci and Bakhtin’s understanding of the heteroglossic nature of language, the ways in which the interanimation of languages emerges as a potential site for the realization of certain forms of political consciousness is explored. This analysis interrogates the tensions emergent in forms of discourse linked to the question of language that gave rise to the contemporary linguistic situation in the Philippines today, both “from above” as well as “from below” at the fin de siècle.
Elucidating the role of silicon dioxide and titanium dioxide nanoparticles in mitigating the disease of the eggplant caused by Phomopsis vexans, Ralstonia solanacearum, and root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita
Authors: Khan Masudulla , Siddiqui Zaki A. , Parveen Aiman , Khan Azmat Ali , Moon Il Soo , Alam Mahboob
Published: April 2022

Nanoparticles (NPs) have a critical function in mitigating the disease of fruits and vegetables. In the present investigation, the effects of three levels of concentrations (0.05, 0.10, and 0.20 mg/mL) of titanium dioxide NPs (TiO2-NPs) and silicon dioxide NPs (SiO2-NPs) were investigated against fungus Phomopsis vexans, bacterium Ralstonia solanacearum, and Meloidogyne incognita (root-knot nematode). The present investigation’s findings found that the application of SiO2-NPs was more efficient against test pathogens in comparison to TiO2-NPs. The best result produced by SiO2-NPs against pathogenic strain was used in the molecular docking investigation with the protein of R. solanacearum to better understand the interaction of active amino acids with SiO2-NPs. The obtained results revealed that the administration of 0.20 mg/mL foliar spray of SiO2-NPs in plants with M. incognita improves up to 37.92% of shoot dry weight and increases 70.42% of chlorophyll content. P. vexans growth was suppressed by 41.2% with 0.62 mm of inhibition zone when SiO2-NPs were given at a dosage of 0.20 mg/mL. The reductions in egg hatching and M. incognita (J2) mortality were greater in SiO2-NPs than in TiO2-NPs. The results of scanning electron microscopy confirmed that the application of both NPs harmed test pathogens. The confocal study also showed the penetration of NPs among test pathogens.
Multi-objective optimization of injection molded parts with insert based on IFOA-GRNN-NSGA-II
Authors: Li Chunxiao , Fan Xiying , Guo Yonghuan , Liu Xin , Wang Changjing , Wang Dezhao
Published: April 2022

The physical properties of plastic products, such as local strength, wear resistance and electrical properties, can be improved by adding embedded parts in the appropriate position of the products, and the precision of plastic parts can also be improved. However, due to the addition of inserts, the flow and shrinkage around inserts will be affected. Compared with traditional injection molding products, the quality is difficult to predict. To solve this problem, the injection molded parts with inserts (electrostatic test box) was used as an example, according to the product structure, three objectives of volume shrinkage, warpage in the X direction, and warpage in the Z direction were optimized. A generalized regression neural network (GRNN) model was established with molding parameters as input and quality objectives as output. Improved fruit fly optimization algorithm (IFOA) was proposed to select the optimal smoothing parameters dynamically. Through the prediction of samples, the experimental results show that the model is superior to two comparative models. Non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm (NSGA-II) was used to solve the model, and the Pareto-optimal front was obtained. The entropy TOPSIS method was used to evaluate the Pareto-optimal front, and the optimal solution was obtained. The results show that IFOA-GRNN-NSGA is a reliable multi-objective optimization method.
Wertschöpfungskettenübergreifendes Fehlermanagement
Authors: Günther Robin , Beckschulte Sebastian , Wende Martin , Schmitt Robert H.
Published: April 2022

Jüngste technologische Entwicklungen lassen die Menge verfügbarer Daten entlang der Wertschöpfung und Produktnutzung ansteigen. Jedoch fehlt es derzeit an systematischen Ansätzen, um Daten über die eigenen Unternehmensgrenzen hinweg zu integrieren und im Sinne der Fehlerbearbeitung und -prävention zu verwerten. Im Rahmen des Forschungsprojekts „value chAIn“ wird die Erarbeitung eines wertschöpfungsübergreifenden Fehlermanagements angestrebt, welches sowohl eine Optimierung der Prozesse als auch die Verfügbarkeit und Leistung der Produkte einschließt.
Simulationsgestütztes Vorgehensmodell zur Realisierung einer Matrixfertigung
Authors: Kirchberger Manfred , Heeger Madeleine , Altay Alper , Liebrecht Christoph , Overbeck Leonard , Kandler Magnus , Lanza Gisela , Voigt Christian , Franke Jörg
Published: April 2022

Die Siemens AG in Karlsruhe stellt sich den aktuellen Herausforderungen einer steigenden Produktkomplexität bei höherer Variantenvielfalt mit reduzierter Losgröße und kürzeren Produktlebenszyklen. Für die Umstrukturierung ihres Fertigungssystems zu einer „Matrixproduktion im Fluss“ wurde ein Vorgehensmodell zur Neuplanung und Umstrukturierung entworfen, welches als Leitfaden hierfür dienen soll. Unterstützt durch den Digitalen Zwilling und Simulationsstudien zeigt sich eine optimierte Modulkonfiguration für eine hochflexible Fertigung mit fahrerlosen Transportfahrzeugen. Herausforderungen wie die komplexe Fertigungssteuerung können im Lebenszyklus durch den ganzheitlichen Digitalen Zwilling unterstützt werden.
A magyar utazók által közvetített India-kép máig élő hatásai
Authors: Wilhelm Zoltán
Published: April 2022

Reviewing the books about India published in Hungarian over the last 100 years, it is conspicuous that most authors attempted to publish their experiences and impressions in a generalized and typified manner, with a hint of the cultural supremacy of the West. Of course, they aimed to put their impressions in a European context and published accordingly. Besides the positive epithets−like fabulous, wonderful, mystical, magnificent, rich, exotic, interesting, the pearl of Asia−“labels” negatively influencing the public also appear. Our work was focused on those published books which were available to the public, thus influencing the image of India in Hungary. We did not include scientific articles, except the publications of the Geographical Review, the journal of the Hungarian Geographical Society. We studied the issues published between 1880 and 1945. Authors of the Geographical Review at that time often wrote about exotic travels−such as those to India−and their articles were verified by the authority of the esteemed Society, thus these were considered points of reference. As a result of the unfavourable tone generally used to describe India and presented in our work, there is a well-defined, generalized image of India in the public’s perception, clearly reflected in different questionnaires, too.
How do archaeologists write about racism? Computational text analysis of 41 years of Society for American Archaeology annual meeting abstracts
Authors: Park Gayoung , Wang Li-Ying , Marwick Ben
Published: April 2022

How often, and in what contexts, have archaeologists discussed racism over the last four decades? Do societal events lead to sustained discussions of racism among the academic community? Here, the authors seek to answer these questions by applying computational text analysis methods to 68176 abstracts from 41 meetings of the Society for American Archaeology. Discussions of racism are found to be rare—usually a passing mention in the context of broader social issues. Historical archaeologists have addressed racism more frequently than other archaeologists. The results form a baseline against which the discipline's engagement with racism as a research theme and with anti-racist strategies might be tracked.
Prediction Error Determines Whether NMDA Receptors in the Basolateral Amygdala Complex Are Involved in Pavlovian Fear Conditioning
Authors: Williams-Spooner Matthew J. , Delaney Andrew J. , Westbrook R. Frederick , Holmes Nathan M.
Published: April 2022

It is widely accepted that activation of NMDA receptors (NMDAR) is necessary for the formation of fear memories in the basolateral amygdala complex (BLA). This acceptance is based on findings that blockade of NMDAR in the BLA disrupts Pavlovian fear conditioning in rodents when initially innocuous stimuli are paired with aversive and unexpected events (surprising foot shock). The present study challenges this acceptance by showing that the involvement of NMDAR in Pavlovian fear conditioning is determined by prediction errors in relation to aversive events. In the initial experiments, male rats received a BLA infusion of the NMDAR antagonist, D-AP5 and were then exposed to pairings of a novel target stimulus and foot shock. This infusion disrupted acquisition of fear to the target when the shock was surprising (experiments 1a, 1b, 2a, 2b, 3a, and 3b) but spared fear to the target when the shock was expected based on the context, time and other stimuli that were present (experiments 1a and 1b). Under the latter circumstances, fear to the target required activation of calcium-permeable AMPAR (CP-AMPA; experiments 4a, 4b, and 4c), which, using electrophysiology, were shown to regulate the activity of interneurons in the BLA (experiment 5). Thus, NMDAR activation is not required for fear conditioning when danger occurs as expected given the context, time and stimuli present, but is required for fear conditioning when danger occurs unexpectedly. These findings are related to current theories of NMDAR function and ways that prediction errors might influence the substrates of fear memory formation in the BLA.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTIt is widely accepted that NMDA receptors (NMDAR) in the basolateral amygdala complex (BLA) are activated by pairings of a conditioned stimulus (CS) and an aversive unconditioned (US) stimulus, leading to the synaptic changes that underlie formation of a CS-US association. The present findings are significant in showing that this theory is incomplete. When the aversive US is unexpected, animals encode all features of the situation (context, time and stimuli present) as a new fear/threat memory, which is regulated by NMDAR in the BLA. However, when the US is expected based on the context, time and stimuli present, the new fear memory is assimilated into networks that represent those features, which occurs independently of NMDAR activation in the BLA.
Ionic conductivity enhancement for PVA/ 20wt.% CuSO4 gel polymer electrolyte by using glycerin
Authors:   University of Baghdad, Department of Physics, College of Sciences, Iraq, Ali N. M. , Kareem A. A. ,   University of Baghdad, Department of Physics, College of Sciences, Iraq
Published: April 2022

Gel polymer electrolyte based on PVA+20wt.%CuSO4 was plasticized with (1,2 and 3) mL glycerin and prepared by casting method. Ionic conductivity for gel electrolytes enhancement occurs primarily as a result of increased carrier concentration and secondarily as a result of increased carrier mobility. Using X-ray diffraction (XRD) characterization, they observed that the glycerin-free electrolyte matrix has a regular arrangement with the crystalline phase. After adding glycerin, the observed orderly organization and crystalline phase fully transformed to amorphous. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) result shows that the stretching vibration region of the O–H at 3261 cm−1 The hydrogen bonds formed by the hydroxyl groups of both PVA and glycerol structures explanation for the hydrophilic behavior of glycerol and the increased area. The new intense and strong peak that emerged at 2359.62 cm-1 is related to the aromatic Cu-O stretching of the salt CuSO4, The interaction of the PVA with the electrolyte elements increases its intensity with increasing glycerol.
Green synthesis of cobalt sulphide nanoparticles using synthesised cobalt (II) complex as a single route intermediate
Authors:   Department of Chemistry, School of Sciences, ITM University, Gwalior Jhansi Road, Turari Campus, Gwalior (M.P) -474001 (India), Kothari R. , Sen S. ,   Department of Chemistry, School of Sciences, ITM University, Gwalior Jhansi Road, Turari Campus, Gwalior (M.P) -474001 (India), Rai S. ,   Department of Chemistry, School of Sciences, ITM University, Gwalior Jhansi Road, Turari Campus, Gwalior (M.P) -474001 (India)
Published: April 2022

Nanotechnology is increasing at a very fast rate due to its many possible applications in the biomedical, industry, pharmaceuticals, commercial and their areas. In this paper, we have reported the biosynthesis of chalcogenide nanostructured pharmacologically active cobalt sulphide nanoparticles (CoS) using 3-ethylidene oxopropanamide thiosemicarbazone Co(II) chloride complex. The synthesised cobalt (II) complex of schilf base ligand was reacted with freshly prepared aqueous leaves extract of Nyctanthes arbour tistis (harsingar leaves) for synthesis of CoS nanoparticles. The biofabrication of CoS nonoparticles is a very simple, efficient, fast, eco-friendly and inexpensive method. In this method we use the aqueous environment for green synthesis of CoS nanoparticles. The use of aqueous medium plays a very important role in reducing reaction time, reducing minimum possibilities of side reactions and proper execution in conversion of very good quality of nanoparticles in a very less time. The synthesized compounds like schiff base, Co (II) complex and CoS nanoparticles were analyzed through various structure, morphological, electronic, vibrational and pharmacological characterizations. Powdered xray diffraction studies confirm the formation of well defined equispaced crystalline nanoparticles. Transmission election microscopy and FESEM microscopy exhibit rod like structures of CoS nanoparticles with an average particle size of 56 nm. Sharp electronic absorption band at 280 nm indicates the synthesis of good quality CoS nanoparticles. The FT-IR spectral studies confirmed the presence of Co –S stretching, N-H bending and C=N stretching vibrations in Cobalt complex of Schiff base ligand. The thermal analysis of cobalt complex was performed to investigate the thermal stability of complex. The cobalt complex was stable up to 300°c. The effective results of all pharmacological activities like in vitro antimicrobial, antioxidant and anti inflammatory activities explained the presence of strong electron withdrawing and election releasing functional groups are present in schiff base ligand and its Co (II) complex The biofabrication of CoS nanoparticles via aqueous extract of fresh leaves of Nyctanthes arbour tristis in proper stoichiometric ratio is a good method for synthesizing highly efficient bioactive agents which can be consider as a good drug candidate for various biological applications in future for mankind.
Plasmodium sporozoite disintegration during skin passage limits malaria parasite transmission
Authors: Kehrer Jessica , Formaglio Pauline , Muthinja Julianne Mendi , Weber Sebastian , Baltissen Danny , Lance Christopher , Ripp Johanna , Grech Janessa , Meissner Markus , Funaya Charlotta , Amino Rogerio , Frischknecht Friedrich
Published: April 2022

During transmission of malaria‐causing parasites from mosquitoes to mammals, Plasmodium sporozoites migrate rapidly in the skin to search for a blood vessel. The high migratory speed and narrow passages taken by the parasites suggest considerable strain on the sporozoites to maintain their shape. Here, we show that the membrane‐associated protein, concavin, is important for the maintenance of the Plasmodium sporozoite shape inside salivary glands of mosquitoes and during migration in the skin. Concavin‐GFP localizes at the cytoplasmic periphery and concavin(−) sporozoites progressively round up upon entry of salivary glands. Rounded concavin(−) sporozoites fail to pass through the narrow salivary ducts and are rarely ejected by mosquitoes, while normally shaped concavin(−) sporozoites are transmitted. Strikingly, motile concavin(−) sporozoites disintegrate while migrating through the skin leading to parasite arrest or death and decreased transmission efficiency. Collectively, we suggest that concavin contributes to cell shape maintenance by riveting the plasma membrane to the subtending inner membrane complex. Interfering with cell shape maintenance pathways might hence provide a new strategy to prevent a malaria infection.
Dufour and Soret effects on pulsatile hydromagnetic flow of Casson fluid in a vertical non-Darcian porous space
Authors: Srinivas Suripeddi , Kumar Challa Kalyan , Reddy Anala Subramanyam
Published: April 2022

This article aims to inspect the pulsating hydromagnetic slip flow of Casson fluid in a vertical porous channel with heat and mass transfer. The fluid is injected into the channel from the left wall and removed at the opposite wall with the same velocity. The impact of non-Darcy, Soret, and Dufour effects are taken under consideration. The governing partial differential equations (PDEs) are converted to ordinary differential equations (ODEs) using perturbation method and solved by utilizing 4th-order Runge–Kutta (R–K) technique together with shooting method. The impact of dissimilar parameters on flow, heat and mass transfer characteristics are displayed and discussed.
Features of the exogenic development of Passalurus ambiguus (Nematoda, Oxyuroidae) at different temperature regimes
Authors: Yevstafieva V. , Khorolskyi A. , Kravchenko S. , Melnychuk V. , Nikiforova O. , Reshetylo O.
Published: April 2022

Passalurosis is a prevalent disease among helminthiases of domestic rabbits. This invasion is caused by the nematode Passalurus ambiguus (Nematoda, Oxyuroidae), which is cosmopolitan and localized in the cecum and colon of rabbits. Passalurosis is highly contagious and capable of unlimited spread, due to the biological characteristics of its pathogen, such as the conditions that ensure maximum preservation of parasites at exogenous stages of their development. Experimental research in the laboratory established the timing of development of P. ambiguus eggs isolated from the gonads of female helminths, depending on temperature regimes and features of their growth and development. According to the morphological features of Passalurus eggs, four stages were distinguished in their exogenous development: zygote, cleavage and formation of blastomeres, formation of larvae and motile larvae. Depending on the cultivation temperature, the duration of embryogenesis ranged from 4 to 9 days, and egg viability ranged from 59.3% to 72.7%. The most favourable temperature regime for the development of P. ambiguus eggs was the temperature of 35 °C, at which 72.7% of eggs with motile larvae were formed within 4 days. At this temperature, the zygote stage lasted for 1 day of cultivation, the stage of cleaving and formation of blastomeres occurred on days 1–2, the stage of larval formation on days 1–3, and the stage of formation of motile larva on days 3–4. At lower temperatures, the term of development of Passalurus eggs increased, and the number of viable eggs decreased. At temperatures of 30 °С and 25 °С, the development of Passalurus eggs took place during 5 and 7 days, respectively, and the viability was 66.7% and 62.7%. At these temperatures, the zygote stage lasted 1–2 and 1–3 days, the stage of cleaving and formation of blastomeres occurred on days 1–3 and 1–4, the stage of larval formation lasted from days 2–4 and 2–6, and the stage of formation of motile larvae took place on days 3–5 and 4–7, respectively. The least favourable temperature for the development of P. ambiguus eggs was the temperature of 20 °С, at which the formation of motile larvae occurred in 9 days, and their viability was only 59.3%. At this temperature, the zygote stage lasted 1–4 days, the stage of cleaving and blastomere formation occurred on days 2–6, and the larval formation stage on days 3–8, and the motile larval stage happened on days 5–9. The growth and development of P. ambiguus eggs was accompanied by significant changes in morphometric parameters, such as the increase in egg width and thinning of egg shell at the egg shell plug. The obtained data will allow preventive measures to be effectively implemented on rabbit farms that are susceptible to pinworms, taking into account the terms of exogenous development of pathogens in different seasons.
Reducing Wild Meat Sales and Promoting Local Food Security: Lessons Learnt from a Behavior Change Campaign in Yangambi, Democratic Republic of Congo
Authors: Van Vliet Nathalie , Gonzalez Ahtziri , Nyumu Jonas , Muhindo Jonas , Paemelaere Evi , Cerutti Paolo , Nasi Robert
Published: April 2022

Marketing strategies to promote behavioral change are increasingly used to reduce the unsustainable use of wild meat. One of the mayor keys for success of behavior change campaigns lies in the choice of the channel for communication and the messaging. In this research, we present a behavioral change campaign implemented in Yangambi, Democratic Republic of Congo framed around an integrated conservation and development objective: improve food security in rural communities, reduce the unsustainable use of wildlife for food and promote locally grown pork and chicken. The campaign was co-developed based on the research team’s knowledge of the hunting system in the study area and the participation of key local stakeholders (village leaders, hunters and their families). It used participatory community theater, various printed materials, radio and face to face interactions. We evaluated the efficiency and clarity of messaging for channels used through semi-structured interviews with hunters, households and wildlife traders. We found that participatory community theater resulted in increased clarity and understanding among hunters and households. Moreover, community theater promoted word-of-mouth communication that reached an audience well beyond the location where the theater was held. Messages that were framed positively and used amusing channels of communication triggered positive receptiveness by our audience. Using local languages, avoiding written materials for illiterate audiences, and using repetitive means of communication may be among the strategies that could help increase the clarity of communication messages, particularly for sensitive topics such as this one. Our work calls for more lessons learnt from the ground about the most appropriate communication channels and messages, keeping in mind the social and cultural background of the audience, and ensuring that messages trigger emotions that lead to the desired changes.
The coupled strength and toughness of interconnected and interpenetrating multi-material gyroids
Authors: Indurkar Padmeya P. , Shaikeea Angkur , Xu Zhenpeng , Cui Huachen , Zheng Xiaoyu , Deshpande Vikram
Published: April 2022

The growth of additive manufacturing technologies has spurred interest in examining multi-material micro-architected materials for filling the so-called white spaces in the Ashby strength versus toughness plots. We investigate this problem using interconnected and interpenetrating double gyroids comprising ductile and brittle phases as an exemplar. Both strength and toughness at the initiation of crack growth are shown to vary non-monotonically with the volume fraction of the two phases and multi-material double gyroids significantly outperform their single material counterparts. However, we establish that at a given relative density, the strength and toughness cannot be simultaneously enhanced for architecture designs, which include varying gyroid orientations, phase volume fractions, and the unit cell length scales of the two phases. Intriguingly, even crack flank bridging by the ductile phase during crack growth is insufficient to overcome this inherent property of the interpenetrating gyroids. Our conclusion is that multi-material interpenetrating micro-architected solids are unlikely to outperform single material non-interpenetrating lattices from a strength–toughness perspective but rather become optimal when multi-functionality is required.

Impact statement

The integration of materials and architectural features at multiple scales into structural mechanics gave us structural designs such as the Eiffel Tower. The explosion of additive manufacturing methods has opened new avenues for the invention of multi-material micro-architected materials that simultaneously possess high strength and toughness at a low density, and thereby can fill the so-called “white spaces” in the Ashby strength–toughness space. The idea is to construct three-dimensional materials with a network of crack arrestors like in rip-stop nylon and break the link between toughness and strength. We use interconnected and interpenetrating double gyroids comprising ductile and brittle phases as an exemplar to investigate the opportunities of such designs. Intriguingly, from a perspective based solely on strength and toughness, we show that multi-material micro-architectures cannot outperform their single material counterparts at a given relative density. In fact, in most designs the coupling between the two phases is non-synergistic. Rather, we argue that multi-material designs such as those used in rip-stop nylon are driven by multi-functional considerations beyond mechanical properties.

Graphical abstract
El problema de la inmanencia en Michel Henry. Una interpretación trascendental a partir del análisis de los sentimientos
Authors: Szeftel Micaela
Published: April 2022

Algunos intérpretes sostienen que la fenomenología de la inmanencia de Michel Henry amenaza el carácter singular del sujeto y la evidencia fenomenológica del mundo. En este artículo se argumentará que esas críticas deben ser matizadas. Para ello se abordará el análisis henriano de los sentimientos y se demostrará que el objetivo de Henry no es reducir la fenomenalidad a un núcleo premundano, sino describir las condiciones trascendentales por las cuales somos seres afectivos en un mundo necesariamente tonalizado.
Educational hub as a space for the development of professional and practical competence of environmental safety specialists
Authors: Bordіug Nataliia , Tolochko Svitlana , Les Tetyana
Published: April 2022

The article contains the results of scientific research in the field of application of educational hubs in the process of training specialists in environmental safety. The analysis of the current Ukrainian regulatory documentation on the implementation of Sustainable Development Strategy dominants and provisions of the Law of Ukraine "On Environmental Protection" through environmental education of the society has been made. The problem of formation and development of professional and practical competence of environmental safety specialists in lifelong learning is updated in view of the constantly changing requirements for environmental safety at the enterprise and the territory of its influence. The analysis of professional and practical competence of environmental safety specialists by integral, general and special components has been made. The role of educational hubs for students through the provision of educational and scientific sessions of different duration and intensity using different learning styles (cooperative and competitive, cognitive and emotional, activity and observation, practical and theoretical) has been determined. A methodology of introducing an educational hub into the process of training specialists in environmental safety has been created. It has been established, that the process of the educational hub implementation has four stages: informational and organizational, evaluative and analytical, practical and technological, summarizing. The effectiveness of the implemented educational hub is proved by enabling the customers of educational services to create more complex educational and scientific and professional and practical products through exchange and cooperation, taking into account the collective integrated experience of professional activity. A model for assessing the formation of professional and practical competencies of environmental safety specialists according to indicators that include personal and professional qualities, practical and technological and organizational and managerial skills has been developed
Experience of teaching of propadeutic pediatrics to english-speaking students under quarantine limitations
Authors: Yaroshevska Tetiana
Published: April 2022

The research is devoted to the issues of improving the educational content in the clinical discipline propaedeutics of pediatrics for English-speaking foreign students in COVID-19 epidemic conditions. Based on the peculiarities of the organization of the educational process in the conditions of quarantine restrictions, adjustments were made to the methodology of teaching the discipline. All methodological materials were adapted to the conditions of distance education, supplemented by educational videos, illustrative photo and diagrams and were posted on the website of the department and on the educational portal Moodle, so students had the opportunity to apply to them again at any time. Student feedback has been carefully established. By conducting an anonymous questionnaire, we studied the point of view of students as to the study in a mixed distance-classroom system. According to the survey, among 147 surveyed students, 87.1 % rated the quality of education on a five-point scale at "5" or "4", 12.9 % – at "3". The most frequently interviewed students suggested increasing the number of references to illustrative materials in the guidelines, making extensive use of video, photo, models during practical classes and expressed a desire to work with sick children in the clinic to better master the method of examination. Problems of organization of educational process can be connected with technical maintenance of Internet communication both on clinical bases of department, and in places of residence of students, computer literacy of teachers and students, sufficient availability of necessary models and phantoms at the department, medical and security regime in hospital wards. Also, ways to improve teaching are careful methodological and technical support of lectures and practical classes, active use of innovative technologies
The Language of War: A Conceptual Replication and Extension of Abe (2012) and Matsumoto and Hwang (2013)
Authors: Jordan Kayla N , Buchanan Erin M , Padfield William E
Published: April 2022

Legislative bodies have very important roles and understanding the psychology of their decision-making processes is a useful area of study. We add to this area by replicating two previous studies: Abe (2012) and Matsumoto and Hwang (2013) in the context of a legislative body. The present study hypothesized that legislators who support war measures would be externally focused and less cognitively complex in their speeches, while opponents of war measures would be internally focused. Speeches were obtained pertaining to the decisions for the U.S. to take military action in Kosovo, Iraq, and Libya. While we found mixed results depending on the circumstances of a specific conflict, we demonstrate how automated language analysis can be combined with voting records to better understand behavioral action, such as legislative decision.
The Establishment of Reality
Authors:   New York University, Iampolski Mikhail B.
Published: April 2022

The paper is, formally, a fragment of the soon-to-be-published book Forms of Reality. But in fact, it is an introduction to the author study into the fundamental theme of anthropology of form. First, it considers a form as an appearance— the image of phenomena. The author briefly describes the significance of the so-understood form for the existence of animals and people, human communities. And second, it is precisely anthropology of the form that is at the centre of the analysis: the form, its phenomenality and organization, differentiated integrity as derivatives from the interaction of consciousness with objects, a kind of its synthesizing ordering projection on the external reality. The paper preliminary examines the most essential, in the author’s view, anthropological foundations of the formal plan of reality that is opening up to people and, at the same time, is being generated with the involvement of their consciousness. The concept of reality, along with form, is the second key concept of the paper. The concept forwarded in the article rests on the philosophical and anthropological ideas of several philosophers (I. Kant, J. Bataille, M. Heidegger, J. Deleuze and F. Guattari, and especially E. Souriau), present-day natural science concepts, and, especially, the experience of art and the reflection of artists (F. Pessoa, Renaissance painters, C.D. Friedrich, E. Degas). For the author, the work of art and the relationship of consciousness with it act as a typological model of anthropology of the form. The paper analyzes the most significant factors and aspects of form and the resulting reality. It is the existential context of the subject-object relationship; their immediate and pre-unconscious nature. It is a visual distance in its dynamics and gestaltazation; it is a generation of meaning as morphogenesis of form. Distinguishing, following D. Lapoujade, between existence and reality, the author relies on E. Souriau’s concept of different modes of reality, in which the term l’instauration takes on the key meaning: the establishment as the self-affirmation of reality, equal to the birth of form at the intersection of human subjectivity and independent in-being (works of art). The reality, in the end, is the result of the constitution through a system of forms that is complex in its metamorphosis, in which “immanence” — preand beyond-subjective consciousness, a transcendental field that precedes concrete consciousness — occupies an important place. The author shows the complex (paradoxical, heterogeneous and, at the same time, unified/holistic) nature of so-understood forms of reality on the example of the evolution and dialectics of perspective in painting and through the analysis of C.D. Friedrich’s paintings.
The World Wags on It: About Jewish Philanthropy and Jewish Identity
Authors:   Institute of Oriental Studies, Russian Academy of Sciences, Nosenko-Stein Elena E. ,   Institute of Ethnology and Anthropology, Russian Academy
Published: April 2022

In this essay, the author briefly describes main principles of Jewish philanthropy and its main trends in Russia. Elena E. Nosenko-Stein stresses that activities of Jewish philanthropic organizations mainly cover needs of aged and poor persons. At the same time, the author notes that disabled persons, as a rule, do not become the recipients of Jewish both philanthropic organizations and Russian social services. Further the author tells about the Head of one of such organizations, Aleksander Ye. Kirnos and his Jewish self-identification as an impulse of his coming to Jewish philanthropic activities. Elena E. Nosenko-Stein underlines that his self-identification is one of the forms of Jewish self-identifications existing in contemporary Russia. Drawing on her research of Jewish identities, Elena E. Nosenko-Stein names people with this self-identification Guardians as they save and guard some elements of traditional Jewish (East Ashkenazic) culture and memory. Below is the text of the interview with Aleksander Kirnos (conducted by Elena E. Nosenko-Stein in July 2020).
Intellectual Reflections of the Early 1990s on the Topics of Post-Soviet Transition of Russia
Authors:   Ural Federal University, Mikhaylenko Valeri I.
Published: April 2022

The article proposes a discussion that took place in 1992–1993 with the participation of V. A. Bukhanov and V. I. Mikhaylenko, professors of the Ural State University, on the prospects of democratic transition of Russia. The participants of the discussion analyze the propensity of individuals, mass society, economic and political elites for democratic transformations and come to the conclusion that in New Russia the ideals of freedom and democratic institutions do not occupy a dominant position in the mass consciousness. Hence, there is great susceptibility of Russian society to radical and extremist ideologies, to varieties of political regimes of direct democracy. Turning to the topic of geopolitics, the authors note its scientific potential. When geopoliticians advocate the idea of a strong state, it does not mean a priori that we are talking about a totalitarian state. In this case, as in other cases, politicians adapt scientific ideas or ideologies to their utilitarian tasks. At the same time, we can talk about the predisposition of certain ideas, including geopolitics, to manipulating mass consciousness in order to establish authoritarian or totalitarian regimes. According to the authors, a strong state is one in which the optimum relations between civil society and state are established. The article concludes that after 1991 Russia has not decided on the choice of democratic transition and has a propensity to choose authoritarian or totalitarian forms of relations between the government and society.
War in the Biography of a Woman Scientist; A Woman Scientist in the Biography of War
Authors:   Institute for the History of Science and Technology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Valkova Olga A.
Published: April 2022

The article examines the use of women scientists by the Soviet government as a possible tool of political propaganda in the international arena. The paper explores the international activities of Soviet women scientists aimed at promoting peace and the activities of the USSR in this area among members of foreign women’s organizations and participants of various “peaceful” congresses and conferences, on the one hand, and the activities of the same women scientists during the Second World War to promote the position of the Soviet Union. On the basis of documents of personal origin, as well as memories, the attitude of women scientists to this role is analyzed.
Critical Analysis of the Significance of Tax Incentives for the Cultural Industry in the Pre-digital Era and in the Context of Digitalization
Authors:   St. Petersburg State University, Dai X. , Pogorletskiy A. I. ,   St. Petersburg State University, Timchenko E. N. ,   St. Petersburg State University
Published: April 2022

The article is devoted to the assessment of historical experience, modern solutions and prospects for the use of tax instruments to influence the cultural industry as a creative component of national economic systems, as well as the world economy. The purpose of the article is to conduct a critical analysis of the significance of fiscal measures to promote the development of culture both at the pre-digital stage of the formation of the system of world economic relations, and in the modern digital world. The article verifies two hypotheses: (H1) the postulate about the need for tax support for culture in order to obtain noticeable material and intangible results of the cultural industry in the context of the transition to a digital economy; (H2) the assumption that tax incentives stimulate research and development activities in the cultural industry. The authors reveal the consistency and continuity of the use of appropriate methods throughout the history of the development of human civilization in civilizations and states of different degrees and levels of their economic and institutional development. It is concluded that from the time of the emergence of ancient classical states to the present, the tools of tax policy necessarily include mechanisms of tax benefits in the cultural industry. At the same time, the fiscal function of taxes in the sphere of culture is insignificant in terms of its economic consequences; the highest priority here is given to tax incentive measures, which include, first and foremost, corresponding tax benefits. The importance of tax incentives as leading instruments in this context is empirically substantiated by the example of China. In the modern digital world, the cultural industry is under the influence of regulatory tax measures that are transforming under new conditions, which include both innovative taxes (a tax on digital services) and new forms of fiscal interaction (interstate cooperation that has spread to the field of cultural interaction in the field of activities of transnational corporations in the digital sector).