bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Prevalence of Angina Pectoris and Myocardial Infarction in a General Population Sample of Swedish Men
Authors: Hagman Marianne , Jönsson Dagmar , Wilhelmsen Lars
Published: August 2010

ABSTRACT A primary preventive trial against cardiovascular diseases has been in progress since 1970 in Göteborg, Sweden. The study population comprises all men in the city born in 1915‐22 and 1924‐25, a total of about 30 000 men. One third of this population constitutes the intervention group. The prevalence of angina pectoris and myocardial infarction among men aged 47–53 years has been studied in this group. The cases were identified by means of a postal questionnaire, direct interview at screening examination and by clinical examination. A validation of the postal questionnaire technique gave a sensitivity of 74% and a specificity of 94%. The minimum prevalence of angina pectoris amounted to 4.3% and the prevalence of myocardial infarction to 1.6%. In the angina series, 22% had suffered a myocardial infarction that preceded angina pectoris in 9%.
Lymphoma of the Small Intestine in Adult Coeliac Disease
Authors: Brandt L. , Hagander B. , Nordén Å. , Stenstam M.
Published: August 2010

ABSTRACT. Five out of 74 patients with adult coeliac disease (ACD) diagnosed from 1965 through 1977 developed intestinal lymphoma. The age at diagnosis of ACD was 54–63 years (mean 58) and in all patients an initial improvement was noted on a gluten‐free diet. The interval between the diagnoses of ACD and lymphoma was 0.5–6 years (mean 3). In 4 patients the diagnosis of lymphoma was preceded by relapse of diarrhoea and loss of weight despite an adequate diet; 2 patients developed perforation of the bowel. In all patients who subsequently developed lymphoma a pronounced lymphocytopenia, 0.4‐1.3X109/1 was found at the diagnosis of ACD. It is suggested that ACD patients over 40 who have relapse of malabsorption symptoms despite an adequate diet should be investigated for the presence of an intestinal lymphoma. The suspicion of a malignant transformation may be especially strong if a previous, pronounced lymphocytopenia has been recorded. Three patients died 1–12 months after the diagnosis of lymphoma. However, 2 patients are in good condition 14 and 20 months, respectively, after laparotomy and removal of the tumour, indicating that an early diagnosis and treatment may have a reasonably palliative effect in some cases.
Humoral and Cellular Immunity in Sarcoidosis
Authors: Veien N. K. , Hardt F. , Bendixen G. , Genner J. , Ringsted J. , Wanstrup J. , Wiik A. , Christiansen E.
Published: August 2010

ABSTRACT.The Kveim reaction was studied in vivo in 50 patients with sarcoidosis. Commonwealth Serum Laboratories Kveim material and a new Danish Kveim material gave 14 and 8 positive reactions respectively, as well as 6 and 8 equivocal reactions. Forty‐six of the patients were also tested in vitro for ceil mediated immunity to the Danish Kveim material, using both the leucocyte migration agarose technique and the capillary technique. No significant migration inhibition or stimulation were found. A tuberculin skin test was performed in 49 of the patients, and in 45 a dinitrochlorobenzene sensitivity titer was determined. Both tests revealed a depression of the cell mediated immunity. The serum levels of immunoglobulins IgG, IgA, IgM, IgD, and IgE were determined. The serum of each patient was also examined to determine if organ‐non‐specific and granulocyte‐specific antinuclear factors of IgG class, antibodies against native DNA, rheumatoid factor, mitochondrial antibodies, antibodies against thyroid cytoplasm, and parietal cell antibodies were present. IgG levels were above normal in 28 patients; IgE was above normal in 10 patients, 4 of whom were atopics or had an atopic disposition. Organ‐non‐specific antinuclear factors were present in 17 patients.
Association of Hyperthyroidism with Idiopathic Thrombocytopenic Purpura and Haemolytic Anaemia
Authors: Branehög Ingmar , Olsson K. Sigvard , Weinfeld Aleksander , Domellöf Lennart
Published: August 2010

ABSTRACT. Two cases of thyrotoxicosis associated with acute idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura and haemolytic anaemia are reported. The underlying cause of the hyperthyroidism was lymphoid thyroiditis and the severe thrombocytopenia was due to an extremely short platelet survival as determined with the 51Cr‐labelling technique. The amount of megakaryocytes was increased in bone marrow sections, indicating increased platelet production. Treatment with high doses of corticosteroids did not increase the platelet count, which remained at critical levels below 10times109/1, and there were still signs of increasd bleeding tendency. Splenectomy was therefore considered at an early stage after diagnosis and was performed when the thyrotoxicosis had been brought under control with corticosteroids and β‐blocking agents. A method which has proven useful in minimizing bleeding during surgery in patients with low platelet counts is described. This method takes advantage both of the fact that normally 30% (in cases with splenomegaly even more) of the total body platelets are harboured in the spleen and can be expelled with i.v. epinephrine, and of the good haemostatic effect of small amounts of platelet concentrates given at appropriate times during the operation. It is proposed that splenectomy should be performed early if large doses of corticosteroids do not raise the platelet count above critical levels or if the bleeding continues. Partial control of the thyrotoxic state should be obtained with β‐blocking agents and corticosteroids and measures should be undertaken to minimize the bleeding risks during surgery. Underlying immunologic mechanisms responsible for the development of this disease combination are discussed. It is suggested that despite the great array of antibodies present, the basic abnormality is confined to immunocompetent T lymphocytes.
Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis Associated with Fibrosis of the Submandibular Glands and the Pancreas
Authors: Sjögren Ingela , Wengle Bo , Korsgren Magnus
Published: August 2010

ABSTRACT. A new syndrome of primary sclerosing cholangitis associated with fibrosis of the submandibular glands and the pancreas is described in a 43‐year‐old male. The sclerosing cholangitis was diagnosed at laparotomy because of cholestasis and the fibrosis of the submandibular glands and pancreas confirmed at microscopical investigation of biopsy specimens. The cholangitis responded well to treatment with a low dose of prednisolone (7.5–10 mg) and an endoscopic retrograde cholangio‐pancreaticographic examination 10 months after the operation revealed normal bile ducts.
Cytologic Diagnosis of Thyrotoxicosis
Authors: Söderström Nils , Nilsson Goran
Published: August 2010

ABSTRACT. In specimens obtained by fine needle thyroid puncture it is possible to define cytologic criteria of toxic goiter. This cytologic picture is compound but the authors describe marginal vacuolization and nuclear ring patterns in follicular wall fragments as fairly specific signs of thyroid hyperfunction. Thyroid puncture is hardly a measure of choice in the routine clinical evaluation of hyperthyrosis but some case histories demonstrate that due attention to the cytologic picture of toxic goiter is profitable also when the puncture was made with quite other indications.
Peripheral Hemodynamics in Assisted Circulation with Intra‐Aortic Balloon Pumping in Patients with Cardiogenic Shock
Authors: Juhlin‐Dannfelt Anders , Nordlander Rolf , Nyquist Olof
Published: August 2010

ABSTRACT. Seven patients treated for cardiogenic shock were studied with and without intra‐aortic balloon pumping (IABP). Calf and forearm blood flows were determined with a Dohn plethysmograph and arterial pressures were registered intra‐arterially and in the great toe and thumb with the cuff method. During IABP, an augmented flow was registered in the arms and legs and accurate arterial BPs could also be determined from the extremities. The findings demonstrate a beneficial effect of IABP on peripheral flow, especially in patients who could be weaned off the pump.
Metabolic Effects of Glucocorticoid and Ethanol Administration in Phenformin‐ and Metformin‐Treated Obese Diabetics
Authors: de Muckadell O. B. Schaffalitzky , Mortensen H. , Lyngsøe J.
Published: August 2010

ABSTRACT Glucocorticoid administration for 24 hours to phenformin‐treated obese diabetics increased blood lactate and lactate/pyruvate (L/P) ratio to higher levels than those found when only one drug was given. In one of 10 subjects, a metabolic acidosis with a blood lactate of 6.2 mmol developed during simultaneous administration of the two drugs. Diabetics treated with phenformin or metformin in equipotent dosages exhibited the highest blood lactate, L/P ratio, andβ‐hydroxybutyrate levels during phenformin treatment, both before and during glucocorticoid administration. Ethanol administration to biguanide‐treated diabetics resulted in identical increases in blood lactate and L/P ratio during phenformin and metformin treatment. These findings are consistent with the hypothesis that phenformin has a stronger inhibitory effect of gluco‐neogenesis than metformin. This may be one reason why lactic acidosis is seen much more often in phenformin‐than metformin‐treated patients.
Serum Lipids with Special Reference to HDL Cholesterol and Triglycerides in Young Male Survivors of Acute Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Kaukola Sirkka , Manninen Vesa , Halonen Pentti I.
Published: August 2010

ABSTRACT. Serum cholesterol, triglycerides and high‐density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol were determined in 56 male survivors of myocardial infarction (MI), suffered 6–20 months earlier, and in 82 healthy age‐ and sex‐matched controls. The mean age of both groups was 39 years. Total serum cholesterol was within normal limits in both groups, whereas HDL cholesterol was considerably lower and triglycerides remarkably elevated in MI patients compared with the controls. Judging from previous and present data, low HDL cholesterol seems to be a coronary risk factor as such. This study indicates that low HDL cholesterol, and especially a low HDL cholesterol/total cholesterol ratio, may be stronger coronary risk factors than total serum cholesterol alone. Because HDL cholesterol and triglycerides were inversely correlated, these results also emphasize the importance of serum triglycerides as a risk factor for coronary heart disease.
The Effect of Beta‐Blockade on Glucose Tolerance and Insulin Release in Adult Diabetes
Authors: Holm Göran , Johansson Saga , Vedin Anders , Wilhelmsson Claes , Smith Ulf
Published: August 2010

ABSTRACT.Blood glucose and plasma insulin levels were studied in ten adult diabetics treated in a crossover fashion for at least three weeks with alprenolol, a non‐selective β‐blocker, or with metoproloJ, a car‐dioselective β1‐blocker. Dietary intake was controlled three days prior to the study which comprised both i.v. and oral glucose tolerance tests. Mean fasting blood glucose levels were significantly higher on alprenolol than on metoprolol. The increase in fasting blood glucose was particularly pronounced in two patients. In these subjects the glucose tolerance following both an i.v. and an oral glucose load was reduced when treatment was switched from metoprolol to alprenolol. Lower plasma insulin levels in response to glucose were also found in these patients on alprenolol than on metoprolol. The mean insulin levels for all ten patients did not differ significantly between the two treatment periods. These data show that treatment with a non‐selective β‐blocker can in some patients cause a considerable deterioration of the glucose tolerance, presumably due to inhibition of insulin release.
THE INFLUENCE OF PSYCHOLOGICAL FACTORS ON CHEST PAIN ASSOCIATED WITH MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION
Authors: Billings Ronald F. , Kearns Patricia M. , Levene Donald L.
Published: August 2010

ABSTRACT. This paper will discuss some of the effects that psychological factors have on chest pain during and following myocardial infarction: 1. Psychological factors and the development of a myocardial infarction; a) the relationships of personality and other high risk factors, b) the onset situation of hopelessness and helplessness, c) immediate psychological precipitants (fact and fantasy), d) denial and delay. 2. Psychological factors during recovery; a) problems associated with the Type A personality, b) critical periods, c) absence of angina and denial, d) the effect of post M.I. angina, e) co‐existence of angina and psychogenic pain. 3. How reaction of the marital partner can affect the patient and his experience of pain. 4. Factors which tend to minimize psychogenic invalidism.
Update on Pancreatic Polypeptide as a Specific Marker for Endocrine Tumours of the Pancreas and Gut
Authors: Öberg K. , Grimelius L. , Lundqvist G. , Lörelius L.‐E.
Published: August 2010

ABSTRACT. Serum levels of pancreatic polypeptide (PP) were determined in 31 patients with endocrine tumours, localized in the pancreas (n=16), small intestine (n=13) and respiratory tract (n=2). Two further patients with laxative abuse were investigated. Elevated serum levels in the peripheral circulation were noted in 56% of the patients with pancreatic tumours, in 60% of those with gut or bronchial tumours and in both patients with laxative abuse. Our study suggests that the elevated PP concentrations found in connection with endocrine gastrointestinal tumours originate from non‐tumour pancreatic PP cells and only occasionally from the tumour. PP is a valuable tumour marker for endocrine gastrointestinal tumours, although it is not specific for pancreatic tumours. Certain inflammatory diseases, renal function and consumption of laxatives must be considered when evaluating elevated PP levels. Serum PP seems to be of limited value for evaluating the response to cytotoxic therapy.
Significant and Persistent Reduction of Serum Lipids in Asymptomatic Men
Authors: Lithell Hans , Hedstrand Hans , Gustafsson Inga‐Britt , Hood Bertil
Published: August 2010

ABSTRACT. Two hundred and thirty‐five hyper‐lipidaemic subjects who had been detected during a screening for cardiovascular risk factors among 50‐year‐old men were offered treatment and invited to take part in a follow‐up. There was a 12% drop‐out over the 5‐year treatment period. This report deals with the degree of lipid‐lowering achieved in the remaining 207 patients. Lipoprotein phenotyping was carried out after the screening. Individual dietary advice was given to the patient and his wife by a dietitian. For 3 months, the patient was seen at monthly intervals. If the degree of lipid‐lowering achieved after 3 months' diet therapy was regarded as inadequate, the patient was offered additional drug treatment. When an acceptable serum lipid level was reached, the patient was seen at 6‐month intervals by one and the same doctor. After 5 years' treatment there was an average lowering of 18% of the serum cholesterol concentration in patients with hyperlipo‐proteinaemia types IIA and IIB (from 8.2 to 6.7 mmol/l) and an average lowering of 44% of the serum triglyceride concentration in the hypertriglyceridaemic subjects (types IIB and IV). The relative reduction was essentially the same after 5 years' treatment as after the first 2 years. The relative content of linoleic acid in the serum cholesterol esters was studied in subgroups of patients during the treatment and indicated a P/S ratio in the diet of more than 1.0 and a consistent change in dietary habits over the years. The majority of patients (n=112) were given combined treatment with diet and clofibrate. The average relative reductions of the serum cholesterol and serum triglyceride concentrations were 20 and 45%, respectively, in this group. This method of introducing and checking the effects of the treatment secured a low drop‐out and a stable degree of lipid‐lowering which was better than in several earlier, primary, preventive studies.
New Cases of Neurosyphilis in Finland
Authors: Hillbom Matti , Kinnunen Esko
Published: August 2010

ABSTRACT. A more than tenfold increase in the annual incidence of infectious syphilis occurred in Finland during the 60s. Since then, about 4 cases per 100 000 per year have been reported to the Central Medical Board. During the 70s, 39 new cases of neurosyphilis, verified by clinical and serological examinations, were recorded. At least 14 of these patients were primarily infected after 1955. The data suggest that new cases of neurosyphilis may turn up in the near future and indicate that intensified epidemiological control is still needed.
Sonography and Computed Tomography in Hepatic Haemangioma
Authors: Bondestam S. , Somer K. , Hekali P. , Takkunen H.
Published: August 2010

ABSTRACT. Seven patients suffering from hepatic haemangioma were investigated by sonography and computed whole‐body tomography (CT). In addition, percutaneous fine‐needle biopsy was performed in 3 cases. All the patients had typical angiographic features of hepatic haemangioma. Histological confirmation was obtained in five cases.

Sonography showed lesions of sonodense and mixed predominant sonolucent features. CT showed typical peripheral post‐contrast enhancement. Fine needle biopsy was successful and diagnostic in two cases. No complications occurred with the procedure. Sonography overlooked one tiny lesion, and CT two. It seems that sonographic appearances are not reliable in the diagnosis of hepatic haemangioma, though CT may be diagnostic. In doubtful situations other diagnostic procedures, such as angiography and/or fine‐needle biopsy, may be necessary.
β‐adrenergic blockade and diabetes mellitus. A review
Authors: Østman Jan
Published: August 2010

ABSTRACTThe use of β‐blockers in diabetes mellitus has largely been restricted because of the reported adverse effects. Clinical investigations aimed at elucidating the possible reactions associated with the use of β‐blockers have disclosed no evidence of masking or signs or insulin‐induced hypoglycaemia or potentiation of the insulin effect. Prolonged hypoglycaemia may develop, however, as a result of physical effort. There is no proof that during insulin‐induced hypoglycaemia the concentrations of counter‐regulatory hormones are depressed, but that of glycerol, a gluconeogenic precursor, is slightly diminished. Intensification of the hypertensive reaction during hypoglycaemia is less likely to occur during treatment with β‐selective blockers. In insulin‐dependent diabetics receiving β1‐blockers there is no evidence of any change ‐ either deterioration or improvement ‐ in metabolic control. In one small controlled trial there was no sign of impairment of the peripheral arterial circulation over a short period of administration of a non‐selective β‐blocker. In general, for patients suffering from insulin‐dependent diabetes, cardioselective agents are preferable. Since cardioselectivity is a dose‐dependent property, reasonable caution should also be observed when using this type of drug in diabetes.
ST Depression and Left Ventricular Haemodynamics during Exercise in Patients with Angina Pectoris
Authors: CARLENS PER , HOLMGREN ALF , JONASSON RUNE , LANDOU CHRISTIAN , ORINIUS ERIK
Published: August 2010

ABSTRACT. The mechanism of ischaemic ST depression and the cause of its low sensitivity to coronary artery stenosis are not well understood. Of 30 patients with severe stable effort angina, 19 (63%) showed ischaemic ST depressions after exercise (the STAE group) and 11 did not. The highest load during the symptom‐limited exercise test and the heart rate on that load did not differ between the two groups. The clinical characteristics and angiographic findings were also similar, bat the findings at heart catheterization differed during exercise (in supine). Although the load was similar, the stroke index was significantly lower (38 vs. 53 ml/m2 BSA) and the left ventricular end‐diastolic pressure rose to a significantly higher value in the STAE group (40 vs. 32 mmHg). When STAE occurred, they were exclusively or concomitantly present in chest lead 5. These findings suggest that ischaemic STAE may not reflect regional ischaemia but the consequent left ventricular dysfunction. The mechanism may, for example, be that a sufficiently elevated left ventricular diastolic pressure causes a global subendocardial ischaemia.
The Effect of Acebutolol on Plasma Lipids, Blood Glucose and Serum Insulin Levels
Authors: LEHTONEN AAPO
Published: August 2010

Abstract The effect on plasma lipids of acebutolol given orally over a 6‐month period to 18 patients with essential hypertension was studied. There were no significant changes in the concentrations of plasma total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, VLDL cholesterol and triglycerides during treatment. The level of HDL cholesterol decreased slightly but not significantly during treatment. Plasma free fatty acids decreased significantly (p<0.05) during treatment with acebutolol. During an oral glucose tolerance test, blood glucose values were elevated after acebutolol therapy at 60 (p<0.05) and 120 min (p<0.05). No impairment of insulin release was observed after acebutolol therapy.
Patterns in Drug Utilization–National and International Aspects: Antihypertensive Drugs
Authors: Baksaas Ingebjørg
Published: August 2010

ABSTRACT. There is a reasonable agreement between defined daily doses (DDDs) and prescribed daily doses (PDDs) of antihypertensive drugs, at least in Norway and Sweden. Sales and prescriptions of antihypertensive drugs in seven European countries (CSSR, Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Northern Ireland, Norway and Sweden) have increased 50 to 200% during the last 10 years. The drug statistics also illustrate marked qualitative and quantitative differences in the utilization of antihypertensive drugs between these seven European countries. Mortality in cardiovascular diseases also differs between these countries, particularly between Northern Ireland and Finland and the other countries. So do sales of alcohol and tobacco. However, none of these factors seems to co‐vary with drug utilization.
Fine Needle Aspiration Compared with Scintigraphy for Detection of Liver Neoplasia
Authors: HÄLLÉN JAN , NILSSON GÖRAN , TEDBRANT ÅKE
Published: August 2010

ABSTRACT The diagnostic accuracy of fine needle aspiration and scintigraphy was compared prospectively in a series of cases of suspected liver neoplasm. The results of both techniques showed a close correlation to final diagnosis. Biopsy, easily and rapidly performed with simple equipments, is a cost‐saving procedure with as good a sensitivity as scintigraphy. Furthermore, the possible finding of specific cytological pictures of primary liver carcinoma or tumours of the amino precursor uptake decarboxylating cell series lend further weight to the biopsy technique.
Factors of Prognostic Importance for Subsequent Rest Pain in Patients with Intermittent Claudication
Authors: JONASON TOMMY , RINGQVIST IVAR
Published: August 2010

ABSTRACT.The risk of developing rest pain during a six‐year period was studied in 224 non‐diabetic patients with intermittent claudication. Both smoking and multiple arterial stenoses in the leg were significantly correlated with an increased risk of developing rest pain. In nonsmokers and in those who had stopped smoking within one year after the initial examination, the cumulative percentage of patients without rest pain after six years was 92, and in smokers and those who stopped smoking after more than one year it was 79 (p< 0.03 after adjustment for differences in the presence of multiple stenoses). In patients with single stenosis the cumulative percentage of patients without rest pain was 86, and in those with multiple stenoses 70 (p< 0.05 after adjustment for differences in smoking habits). The results emphasize how important it is that patients with intermittent claudication do not smoke. The increased risk of rest pain associated with the presence of multiple arterial stenoses in the leg should be considered when making decisions concerning vascular surgery.
Exaggerated Natriuresis in Adult Polycystic Kidney Disease
Authors: DANIELSEN HENNING , NIELSEN ARNE H. , PEDERSEN ERLING B. , HERLEVSEN PER , KORNERUP HANS J. , POSBORG VILLY
Published: August 2010

ABSTRACT. Angiotensin II (AII), aldosterone (Aldo) arginine vasopressin (AVP) in plasma, serum osmolality (Sosm), and renal sodium excretion (UNaV) were studied before and after infusion of hypertonic sodium chloride solution in 20 patients with adult polycystic kidney disease (PKD) with normal or moderately reduced creatinine clearance (CCr) and in 10 healthy control subjects. UNaV increased after sodium loading in all, significantly more in the PKD patients. AII and Aldo were normal before sodium loading and suppressed after saline in PKD patients and controls. The increase in VNaV correlated with Aldo in patients but not in controls. AVP before loading was increased in hypertensive PKD patients with reduced Ccr, but not in normotensive patients with normal Ccr. After hypertonic saline, Sosm increased to the same degree both in PKD and control subjects, but AVP increased more in those with PKD. The exaggerated natriuresis of PKD is probably not explained by a change in the activity of the renin‐angiotensin‐aldosterone system. The enhanced response of AVP to osmotic stimuli in PKD may be a compensatory reaction to a reduced renal tubular effect of AVP.
Cessation of Smoking in Patients with Intermittent Claudication
Authors: .JONASON T. , BERGSTRÖM R.
Published: August 2010

ABSTRACT The effects of cessation of smoking were studied in 343 patients with intermittent claudication. One year after the initial examination 39 (11%) had stopped smoking and 304 (89%) continued to smoke. The outcome in these two groups was compared. They were comparable regarding baseline characteristics. Rest pain did not develop in any of the non‐smokers. In smokers the cumulative proportion with rest pain was 16% after seven years (p<0.05). The cumulative proportions with myocardial infarctions after 10 years were 11 and 53%; the cumulative rates of cardiac deaths 6 and 43%; and the 10‐year survival 82 and 46% among non‐smokers and smokers, respectively. In multivariate Cox regression analyses the association between smoking and infarction (p<0.05) and cardiac death (p<0.05) was significant. The survival curves deviated and when they were compared after one year's follow‐up the association between smoking and mortality was significant (p<0.05). The findings provide further evidence for the fact that it is of utmost importance that patients with intermittent claudication stop smoking.
Antacid Treatment of Duodenal Ulcer
Authors: BECKER ULRIK , LINDORFF KAREN , ANDERSEN CARSTEN , RANLØV POUL JØRGEN
Published: August 2010

ABSTRACT. Becker U, Lindorff K, Andersen C, Ranløv PJ (Department of Internal Medicine B, Central Hospital, Hillerød, Denmark). Antacid treatment of duodenal ulcer. Acta Med Scand 1987; 221:95–101.

Sixty‐seven consecutive outpatients with endoscopically verified duodenal ulcer were randomised to a double‐blind treatment with either 10 ml of an antacid suspension (buffering capacity 85 mmol/10 ml, packed in single dosage pads) 1 and 3 h after each meal and at bedtime or cimetidine 400 mg b.i.d. The double‐dummy technique was employed. Endoscopy was performed after 4 weeks treatment and, if the ulcer had not healed, after 8 weeks treatment. When ulcer healing had occurred, the patient entered a 1 year follow‐up study. The cumulative healing rates after 4 and 8 weeks treatment were 83 and 97% vs. 69 and 94% in the antacid and cimetidine groups respectively. No significant differences were observed between the treatment groups regarding ulcer healing, symptom relief or compliance. Adverse reactions were few and only 3 (9%) patients in the antacid group had to discontinue the treatment due to diarrhoea. Of the cimetidine treated patients, 61% had symptomatic relapse during the 1 year follow‐up compared to 71% of the antacid treated patients. There were no significant differences in recurrence rate or time to relapse. The moderate dose antacid treatment used here is efficient, well tolerated, safe, convenient and is a good alternative treatment of the duodenal ulcer patient.
Dietary Calcium Intake and Blood Pressure in Normotensive Subjects
Authors: THOMSEN K. , NILAS L. , CHRISTIANSEN C.
Published: August 2010

ABSTRACT. Epidemiological and prospective studies in man and animals have indicated an inverse relationship between calcium intake and cardiovascular mortality and blood pressure (BP). We have therefore studied the effect of dietary calcium on blood pressure in two groups of women. In a cross‐sectional study 103 early postmenopausal women were stratified into three groups according to daily calcium intake calculated from a questionnaire. Both diastolic and systolic blood pressures were identical in the three groups. We thereafter conducted a prospective placebo‐controlled trial on the effect of calcium supplementation. Twenty‐eight healthy women were randomized to placebo treatment (n=14) or calcium supplementation 2000 mg daily (n=14) for one year. In both groups BP remained at initial levels throughout the study and was identical in the two groups at measurements every three months. We thus conclude that calcium supplementation has no effect on BP in normotensive subjects on a high calcium diet.
Loop Diuretic‐induced Pancreatitis with Rechallenge in a Patient with Malignant Hypertension and Renal Insufficiency
Authors: STENVINKEL PETER , ALVESTRAND ANDERS
Published: August 2010

ABSTRACTA case is presented in which a 34‐year‐old man with renal insufficiency and malignant hypertension develops acute pancreatitis with abdominal symptoms and hyperamylasaemia after being treated with loop diuretics (furosemide and bumetanide). When reviewing the literature we found reports of an association between diuretic use and pancreatitis.
Effects of Nicotinic Acid on Concentrations of Serum Apolipoproteins B, C‐I, C‐II, C‐III and E in Hyperlipidemic Patients
Authors: WAHLBERG GUSTAF , HOLMQUIST LEIF , WALLDIUS GÖRAN , ANNUZZI GIOVANNI
Published: August 2010

Abstract. Twenty‐four patients with Type IIa, IIb, III and IV hyperlipoproteinemia (HLP) were treated with 4 g of nicotinic acid daily with the purpose to study its effect on serum apolipoprotein B, C‐I, C‐II, C‐III and E concentrations. Triglyceride and total cholesterol concentrations of whole serum and of different serum lipoprotein fractions were also determined. Analyses were performed prior to and after a drug treatment period of 6 weeks, during which all the patients were weight stable. Treatment caused a decrease in serum concentrations of apolipoproteins C‐I, C‐II, C‐III and E. These highly significant reductions were all positively correlated to a reduction of very low density lipoprotein triglyceride levels of serum (r‐values >0.76, p<0.001). There were highly significant decreases in serum levels of apolipoprotein B and low density lipoprotein total cholesterol. These reductions were positively intercorrelated (r=0.55; p<0.01). Similar effects were observed in the different HLP types and in both sexes. Treatment resulted in normolipidemia in 12 patients, who were hypercholesterolemic (7 type IIa, 3 type IIb, 2 type III hyperlipoproteinemia) prior to treatment. The serum apolipoprotein B concentrations of these 12 patients fell after therapy to values which, however, remained abnormally high. We suggest that serum lipid adjusting treatment should aim at a normalization not only of serum lipid concentrations but also of the serum apolipoprotein B concentration in order to achieve a maximal antiatherogenic effect.
Credibility Assessments of Online Health Information: the Effects of Source Expertise and Knowledge of Content
Authors: Eastin Matthew S.
Published: August 2010

Millions of Americans use the Internet as a resource for information, with a large proportion seeking health information. Research indicates that medical professionals do not author an extensive amount of health information available on the Internet. This creates a possibility for false information, thereby potentially leading ill people away from proper care. One way to begin addressing this problem is to assess perceptions of credibility about information found online. A between-groups, 2 (message type) × 3 (source type) factorial design was tested by manipulating source expertise (high, medium, low) and content knowledge (known and unknown). While findings did not indicate a significant interaction between source and content type, they did indicate an overall tendency to rate all information as relatively credible. In addition, results indicate that both knowledge of content and source expertise affect perceptions of online health information.
Sex steroids and mortality in men referred for coronary angiography
Authors: Wehr E. , Pilz S. , Boehm B. O. , März W. , Grammer T. B. , Obermayer‐Pietsch B.
Published: August 2010

Objective  Accumulating evidence suggests that sex steroids are associated with various chronic diseases. We aimed at evaluating whether total testosterone (TT), free testosterone (FT) and sex hormone–binding globulin (SHBG) are associated with all‐cause mortality and specific fatal events.

Design, Setting and Participants  We measured TT and SHBG levels in 2078 men who were routinely referred for coronary angiography (1997–2000). FT was calculated according to Vermeulen.

Measurements  The main outcome measures were Cox proportional hazard ratios (HRs) for mortality from all causes, from cardiovascular and non‐cardiovascular causes and from cancer according to SHBG, FT and TT.

Results  Multivariable‐adjusted HRs (with 95% confidence intervals) in the fourth compared to the first SHBG quartile for all‐cause, non‐cardiovascular and cancer mortality were 1·61 (1·16–2·23), 2·44 (1·39–4·28), and 2·86 (1·03–7·32), respectively. There was no significant association of SHBG levels with cardiovascular mortality. All‐cause mortality was significantly reduced per 1 SD increase in FT in the multivariate‐adjusted analyses [0·49 (0·30–0·81)]. We observed no significant associations of FT with cardiovascular and cancer mortality, and TT levels were not independently related to any fatal events.

Conclusion  High levels of SHBG are associated with adverse health outcomes in a large cohort of older men referred for coronary angiography. Further studies are warranted to confirm our results and to elucidate the underlying mechanisms for our findings.
Climate change and range expansion of an aggressive bark beetle: evidence of higher beetle reproduction in naïve host tree populations
Authors: Cudmore Timothy J. , Björklund Niklas , Carroll Allan L. , Staffan Lindgren B.
Published: August 2010

1. Hosts may evolve defences that make them less susceptible and suitable to herbivores impacting their fitness. Due to climate change‐driven range expansion, herbivores are encountering naïve host populations with increasing frequency.

2. Aggressive bark beetles are among the most important agents of disturbance in coniferous forest ecosystems. The presence of bark beetle outbreaks in areas with a historically unsuitable climate, in part a consequence of climate change, provided an opportunity to assess the hypothesis that the mountain pine beetleDendroctonus ponderosaehas higher reproductive success in lodgepole pinePinus contortatrees growing in areas that have not previously experienced frequent outbreaks.

3. We felled and sampled mountain pine beetle‐killed trees from historically climatically suitable and unsuitable areas, i.e. areas with and without a historical probability of frequent outbreaks. Reproductive success was determined from a total of 166 trees from 14 stands.

4. Brood productivity was significantly affected by climatic suitability class, such that mean brood production per female increased as historical climatic suitability decreased.

5. Synthesis and applications.The current study demonstrates that the mountain pine beetle has higher reproductive success in areas where its host trees have not experienced frequent beetle epidemics, which includes much of the current outbreak area in north central British Columbia. This increased productivity of mountain pine beetle is likely to have been a key reason for the rapid population buildup that resulted in unprecedented host tree mortality over huge areas in western Canada. The outbreak thus provides an example of how climate change‐driven range expansion of native forest insects can have potentially disastrous consequences. Since an increased reproductive success is likely to accelerate the progression of outbreaks, it is particularly critical to manage forests for the maintenance of a mosaic of species and age classes at the landscape level in areas where host tree populations are naïve to eruptive herbivores.
Five‐year follow‐up study of adolescents with intact and restored dentitions: personality traits
Authors: KAMPE T. , EDMAN G. , HANNERZ H.
Published: August 2010

The personality traits of 66 of a sample of 70 adolescents aged 19–21 years were reexamined after 5 years by means of a personality inventory (KSP). A total of 15 subjects had intact dentitions (group I), while 13 subjects had had some fillings in their teeth since the first examination (group FI), and 38 subjects had restored dentitions at both examinations (group F).

The findings of this study are in agreement with those of the earlier study of Kampe, Edman and Molin (1986). On both occasions the subjects with restored dentitions had higher scores on the Somatic Anxiety and Muscular Tension scales. The differences were more pronounced for the female subjects. With regard to muscular tension, there was a significant interactive effect, with higher values for the female subjects in group F. Individuals with high scores for the Clinical Dysfunction Index (DiII and DiIII) also had the highest scores on the Somatic Anxiety and Muscular Tension scales, thus confirming the validity of the muscle palpation.

The hypothesis of a correlation between personality factors and dental‐filling therapy was neither accepted nor rejected. The subjects in group F had the highest scores on both occasions on the Somatic Anxiety and Muscular Tension scales, although the subjects in group FI had the lowest scores. Further studies are required, and another 5‐year follow‐up study of this material could be conclusive.
Repair of glass ionomer cements — methods for conditioning the surface of the cement to achieve bonding
Authors: JAMALUDDIN A. , PEARSON G. J.
Published: August 2010

Two chemically different glass ionomer cements (Ketac Fil® and ChemFil II® Caps) and three different methods of conditioning the surface for repair were evaluated. Specimens of each material were prepared, aged and sectioned. The cut surfaces were treated with either phosphoric acid, polyacrylic acid or a combination of phosphoric acid followed by polyacrylic acid. Freshly mixed glass ionomer cement was injected against the treated surface and allowed to set under simulated intra‐oral conditions. The specimens were then tested to failure in flexion after 7 days storage. The flexural strength of the repaired specimens was compared with that of control specimens of the same materials. The flexural strength of the repaired specimens was less than that of the controls. Treatment of the fractured surface with polyacrylic acid produced the weakest repair, and the use of phosphoric acid as the conditioning agent produced repaired specimens approximately 80% of the strength of the controls.
Fatal sequel to dental implant surgery
Authors: GIRDLER N.M.
Published: August 2010

The rare complication of fatal venous air embolism arising as a direct result of dental implant surgery in the mandible is depicted. The deaths arose from the erroneous use of an air/water coolant mixture with internally irrigated implant drills. The pathogenesis and consequence of air embolism is discussed. Practitioners are warned about the dangers of using air‐driven equipment during implant surgery.
Reflex responses of the masseter muscle in patients with chronic arthritis or internal derangement of the temporomandibular joint. A comparison with symptomfree subjects
Authors: BJøOSRNLAND T. , BRODIN P. , LARHEIM T.A. , AARS H.
Published: August 2010

summary
Averaged reflex responses in the masseter muscle to transverse taps delivered to the upper central incisor were studied in 13 patients with chronic arthritic temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disease (arthritis group) and 28 patients having internal TMJ derangement (derangement group). The diagnostic assessment of TMJ disease was based on a combination of imaging methods. Fourteen symptomfree subjects served as a control for the electromyographic observations. The tapping force was increased in steps from 0 25 to 6 N. The pattern of the reflex response consisted of various inhibitory and excitatory waves, which were found to change with increasing tapping force. The first inhibitory wave (I‐l) increased in duration with increasing tapping force in all subjects. At certain tapping forces, I‐l was of signiflcantly lower amplitude and longer duration in the arthritis group than in the control group, but latency and threshold did not differ. The excitatory wave seemed to have longer latency and higher amplitude in the arthritis group than in the control subjects at some tapping forces. In summary we conclude that the pattern of the reflex response seemed to be similar in patients with different TMJ disorders and in symptomfree subjects. Only the level of inhibition, duration of I‐l and higher excitatory response, might separate the patients with arthritic TMJ disease and internal TMJ derangement from symptomfree subjects, but no specific differences between the groups could be found.
Application of a newly developed 3‐D deformation measurement system to prosthetic dentistry
Authors: YAMASHITA S. , Al M. , GENG Q. , SATO M. , SHINODA H. , ANDO S.
Published: August 2010

summary
A new system for measuring threedimensional deformation has been developed. The main components of the system are a fixed TV camera and vertically scanning projectors. The advantages of the system are: (1) since there is no mechanical contact between the object and the sensing unit, hardness and form of the object do not have to be considered; (2) the system does not need any precise geometry except for the reproducibility of the vertical scanning stage; (3) the time required for one measurement is extremely short; and (4) the system is not expensive. From the basic experiments for testing accuracy, this system has about ± 30 μm range deviation against 1000 μm deformation of the object. The system has been applied to investigate the influence of various impression procedures for a removable partial denture on the displacement of the simulated soft mucosal tissue. It is revealed that deformation forms are expressed precisely. Our results suggest that this measurement system is quite useful for research in dentistry and that it could be widely applied.
Treatment of interproximal angular defects by guided tissue regeneration: 1 year follow‐up
Authors: MORA F. , ETIENNE D. , OUHAYOUN J.P.
Published: August 2010

SUMMARY
The periodontal regeneration of interproximal bone defects of the posterior teeth produced by guided tissue regeneration (GTR), with expanded Polytetrafluoroethylene barrier membranes and conventional therapy, was clinically evaluated in 20 intrabony periodontal defects in 10 patients. The material included the presence of at least two proximal angular lesions for the same patient, probing pocket depth ≥ 6 mm, bone defect depth ≥ 3 mm, and 2‐wall defects with crestal involvement relative to the tooth circumference ranging from 90 to 270°. Healing was clinically evaluated by surgical re‐entry of GTR‐treated sites (10 sites) and debridement only sites (10 sites) 1 year after initial surgery following a strict plaque control regimen. A significant correlation was observed between probing depth reduction, attachment gain and defect depth (test sites); there was increased bone fill in GTR‐treated lesions of 2.95 ± 1.3 mm corresponding to a 69.4% improvement compared to control sites, and 1–3 ± 1.0 mm corresponding to a 32% improvement (P < 0.0039). The results demonstrated that bone regeneration is highly reliable, as compared to conventional therapy, in cases of severe periodontal bone loss from posterior teeth provided that the principles of GTR are applied.
A cross‐sectional study of canine dimorphism in establishing sex identity: comparison of two statistical methods
Authors: SHERFUDHIN H. , ABDULLAH M.A. , KHAN N.
Published: August 2010

SUMMARY
The occurrence of canine tooth dimorphism in Indian subjects has been investigated and the use of two statistical methods of evaluation compared. These were the methods of N.G. Rao and co‐workers published in 1988 and quadratic discriminant analysis for correct classification of sex. Parameters considered were (i) the mesiodistal width of maxillary and mandibular canines, (ii) the maxillary canine arch width (intercanine distance) and (iii) the mandibular canine arch width. The results indicated significant dimorphism of the maxillary and mandibular canine teeth. When the results of the arch widths were subjected to the two statistical methods, differing results were obtained in the accuracy of sex classification. The percentage of correct classifications of sex was higher when using quadratic discriminant analysis.
Craniomandibular disorders and orthodontic treatment need in children
Authors: BARONE A. , SBORDONE L. , RAMAGLIA L.
Published: August 2010

summary
Two hundred and forty subjects (113 boys and 127 girls), divided in three age groups, 7, 11, and 16 years were interviewed and clinically examined to estimate the prevalence of CMDs and the need for functional treatment, and to compare the functional status of the stomatognatic system in two subgroups: those judged to need orthodontic treatment and those judged not to need orthodontic treatment. Signs and symptoms of craniomandibular disorders were quite common and, in most cases, mild. There were significant differences in prevalence of CMDs between sexes. Only 3.7% of the patients were judged to need some functional treatment for CMDs. Trauma to the facial area and headaches were significantly associated with signs and symptoms of CMDs. No indication was found that oral parafunctions produce CMDs. No greater prevalence of CMDs signs and symptoms was found in subjects who needed orthodontic treatment than in subjects who did not need orthodontic treatment. In conclusion, preliminary results of this ongoing study support the contention that the high prevalence of signs and symptoms of CMDs is not really a measure of masticatory dysfunction, and that malocclusion does not appear to cause CMDs and/or to increase craniomandibular treatment need in a young population.
Effect of provisional cements on the bond strength of various adhesive bonding systems on dentine
Authors: PAUL S.J. , SCHÄRER P.
Published: August 2010

summary
Temporization of prepared teeth is needed for protection of the pulp and the restoration of the patients'aesthetic and functional needs. When zinc‐oxyphosphate cement is used, eugenol‐containing provisional cements are preferred because of their sedative effect to the pulp and because of their acceptable compressive strength. However, prior to definitive adhesive cementation with composite luting resins and dentine bonding agents the use of eugenol‐containing provisional cements has to be considered critical because eugenol severely disturbs the polymerization of resinous materials. The purpose of this study was to compare shear bond strength values of various adhesive luting systems on dentine which had been in contact with various provisional cements prior to dentine bonding. The results show that the provisional cements which were used considerably decreased some of the bond strength values of the dentine bonding systems tested. Freegenol® and Fermit®, however, seem to have beneficial effects on the SBS values of Syntac® and ART Bond®. The only bonding system which produces acceptably high average SBS values with a eugenol‐containing provisional cement was P‐Bond®.