bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
From the idea of „good change” to the State Tribunal? Some reflections on the practice of the presidency in Poland after 2015
Authors: Witkowski Zbigniew
Published: November 2024

„Good change” was initially the slogan of Andrzej Duda’s presidential campaign when he competed with Bronisław Komorowski for the presidential seat in 2015. It soon became apparent that the guiding idea of “good change” was to be the process of „extinguishing the rule of law” and seeking to change its system. And indeed, PiS president J. Kaczyński in Janów Lubelski in April 2023, and later in Kopczany in Podlasie on 27 May 2023, confirmed these intentions. Indeed, PiS made a change to the state system in an unconstitutional manner, and the presidential office supported and actively implemented these unconstitutional behaviours. Its hub has not lived up to the hopes placed in it. These presidential actions were not just differences in detail about which one can always differ. The actions of the President of the Republic of Poland meant the building of fundamental differences in visions of the state, as to its principled matters of strategy in all fields and as to its global future. A. Duda’s presidency became a destructive and unreflective presidency. The type of „good change” adopted for implementation seems to lead inevitably to its hubby being brought before the State Tribunal.
Dispersed constitutional review in the Czech and Polish legal systems – a permanent constitutional practice or a need of the moment?
Authors: Rytel-Warzocha Anna , Tomoszek Maxim
Published: November 2024

Both in Poland and the Czech Republic, the basic model of constitutional review is the model of centralised review carried out by a specialised body, which is respectively the Constitutional Tribunal and the Constitutional Court. Nevertheless, despite the fact that the Constitution of neither country refers directly to the power of the courts to review the constitutionality in the process of law application, in both Poland and the Czech Republic such power can be interpreted from the provisions of the Constitution, as confirmed by both the doctrine and the jurisprudential practice of the courts. In both countries, the courts assess the legality and constitutionality of the law with regard to sub-statutory acts, moreover the application of norms by the courts is based on the principle of pro-constitutional interpretation of the law. In the Czech Republic, dispersed review is also applied when international agreements or EU law are the standard of review, which is a certain difference from the Polish solutions, where the competence to examine the compliance of laws with international agreements ratified with prior consent is explicitly provided for in the Constitution. The article also draws attention to the impact of the constitutional crisis in Poland on the change in the approach of both doctrine and jurisprudence to the issue of admissibility of dispersed constitutional review in Poland.
The Right of the Public Prosecutor General to File an Extraordinary Complaint – Remarks against the Background of Selected Cases
Authors: Szydzik Aleksandra , Wrzalik Magdalena
Published: November 2024

Several years of the functioning of the extraordinary complaint provides an opportunity to reflect on the manner in which this legal remedy is used by those entitled to file it. In this regard, special attention shall be paid to the activities of the Public Prosecutor General, who showed the greatest activity in the years 2018–2023 in challenging final judicial decisions with an extraordinary complaint. This prompts an analysis of the practice of using this legal remedy by Public Prosecutor General, considering that he is a politically involved authority who also serves as Minister of Justice. The article attempts to answer the question whether the current construction of the extraordinary complaint, which includes the right of Public Prosecutor General to file this legal remedy, poses a potential risk of political instrumentalization of this institution. Based on the analysis of selected cases, the authors answer this question in the affirmative and provide de lege ferenda conclusions.
The phenomenon of proliferation of extra-budgetary financial instruments during crises: the Polish and Czech experiences
Authors: Serowaniec Maciej , Klíma Pavel
Published: November 2024

Tackling the socio-economic consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic or the war in Ukraine required rapid and decisive action by national governments. Most countries used extra-budgetary financial instruments for this purpose. Using the example of the Polish and Czech experience, this article aims to characterise the phenomenon of extra-budgetary economic growth. In both countries we are dealing with a growing redistribution of public funds intended to achieve public objectives outside the State budget. The authors also try to point out some of the fundamental threats that are associated with this proces.
Public funds for political parties and liability for violation of public finance discipline in Poland
Authors: Glumińska-Pawlic Jadwiga , Zacharko Lidia
Published: November 2024

Celem artykułu jest przedstawienie problematyki korzystania przez partię polityczną ze środków publicznych w formie dotacji podmiotowych i subwencji z budżetu państwa. Partia polityczna jest dobrowolną organizacją obywateli Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej, którzy ukończyli 18 lat, występującą pod określoną nazwą, stawiającą sobie za cel udział w życiu publicznym poprzez wywieranie metodami demokratycznymi wpływu na kształtowanie polityki państwa lub sprawowanie władzy publicznej. Przekazane do dyspozycji partii środki publiczne podlegają rozliczeniu w składanych Państwowej Komisji Wyborczej informacjach finansowych o otrzymanej subwencji oraz o poniesionych z subwencji wydatkach, a także w sprawozdaniach finansowych komitetów wyborczych. Stwierdzone nieprawidłowości mogą skutkować pomniejszeniem wysokości dotacji lub subwencji. Nie stanowią natomiast naruszenia dyscypliny finansów publicznych, a osób winnych nie można pociągnąć do odpowiedzialności prawnej.
The Future of Peacekeeping Missions in the Face of Hybrid Warfare
Authors: Niedźwiecki Ryszard
Published: November 2024

The article The Future of Peacekeeping Missions in the Face of Hybrid Warfare examines how the adaptation of peacekeeping missions to the challenges posed by hybrid wars can shape their future. It focuses on the necessity of integrating new tools and strategies to address the complexity of conflicts that combine conventional actions, cyber operations, disinformation, and irregular forces. The article highlights the need for an integrated approach, involving international cooperation and the use of emerging technologies, to effectively respond to the unpredictable nature and asymmetry of contemporary conflicts. The analysis suggests that future peacekeeping missions will require flexibility, innovation, and a deep understanding of changing security conditions to effectively build lasting peace.
The role of Civil-Military Cooperation (CIMIC) in military operations
Authors: Jankiewicz Michał
Published: November 2024

The article outlines the role and tasks played by Civil-Military Cooperation (CIMIC) in military operations within the scope of its military specialty in light of the latest NATO doctrinal documents in the face of contemporary challenges of 21st century threats. The article describes the role of Civil-Military Cooperation (CIMIC), which has evolved in the course of world events to ensure the effective conduct of military operations in interaction with the civilian environment. It defines the specific function that CIMIC has for the military environment and the civilian environment, which are inextricably linked and directly influence each other in the context of their functioning nowadays.
Formation and organization of the Polish Military Special Unit in the Second United Nations Emergency Forces (UNEF-II) in the Middle East in the light of source government documents
Authors: Łach Wiesław Bolesław
Published: November 2024

The Polish government received an invitation for a unit of the Polish Army to join the United Nations armed forces in the era of détente (1973). This was the first time that a contingent from Warsaw Pact countries took part in an international peacekeeping operation. The end of the war between the combined forces of Egypt and Syria and the state of Israel in October 1973, was forced by international intervention. This led to a cessation of hostilities and entry into peace talks. Poland was one of the countries invited to join the Second United Nations Emergency Forces (UNEF-II) in the Middle East. The government agreed to form the contingent by ordering the Minister of Defense to form the Polish Military Special Unit (PWJS). The entire operation took place in a hurry and in an area completely unknown to the Polish Army. The purpose of this article is to present the decision-making process for the establishment of the contingent and its organization based on archival documents found in the resources of the former Military Archives of the Ministry of Defense Central Institutions and now in the Central Military Archives.
Challenges of the Armed Forces of the Republic of Poland based for the act on the defense of the homeland and membership in the North Atlantic Alliance
Authors: Piątkiewicz Grzegorz
Published: November 2024

The article, presents the role and tasks of the Polish Armed Forces in ensuring the security of the State, stressing that the formation of the security environment, in the state should be an overriding value, especially with regard to current threats. The paper presents information on the obligations and benefits of Poland’s membership in the North Atlantic Treaty (NATO), and also addresses, the current structure of the Polish Armed Forces, describing the most important command positions in the Polish Armed Forces and their main tasks.
Organization and participation in the humanitarian mission in Africa of the Polish Relief Helicopter Squadron in Ethiopia in 1985–1987
Authors: Łach Halina
Published: November 2024

In 1985, the Polish political and military authorities organized a humanitarian mission to Ethiopia. The Polish Humanitarian Aviation Squadron in Ethiopia, which was formed on the basis of the 37th Air Transport Helicopter Regiment from Łęczyca, took part in the mission. The aviation squadron was a separate military contingent of the Air Force of the Armed Forces of the Poland, which included three Mi-8T helicopters and military engineering and aviation personnel. Ethiopia was in a difficult economic and political situation caused by ongoing war and internal conflicts as well as drought and famine. The air squadron carried out the mission of providing humanitarian aid to the population. The tasks included transporting and distributing food and medical supplies over long distances in mountainous regions and resettling the population to safe places. The turning point of the presented issues is marked by the years 1984-1987. The first date determines the beginning of the mission and is related to the first decisions of the state authorities of Poland regarding political cooperation with Ethiopia and organizing activities to provide humanitarian assistance to the population of this country. The date of 1987 ends the period of humanitarian and technical support provided by Polish soldier pilots in Ethiopia. The issues presented in the article focus on the following thesis: The PHAS mission provided help to the Ethiopian population threatened by war and famine in Ethiopia.
Łucjan Lange – a teacher of physical education and therapeutic gymnastics training, as well as a pioneer of physiotherapy
Authors: Łuczak Maciej , Chmiel Aleksy
Published: November 2024

The purpose of this work is to show the formation process, his professional career, popularizing, teaching and organizational achievements in the field of physical culture and physical rehabilitation. Lucjan Lange was a respected physiotherapist, coach, athlete, academic teacher of Physical Education at the University of Poznań (he worked with Prof. Dr. Eugeniusz Piasecki, pioneer of the history of physical culture as a new scientific discipline, and Prof. Dr. Zdzislaw Grot, pioneer of the history of physical education in Poland), lecturer at the Medical Academy, the Higher School of Physical Education, the Agricultural Academy, the Medical Academy and Poznań high schools. He served as head of the Department of Therapeutic Physical Culture and as an instructor at the Department of Therapeutic Rehabilitation of the Orthopedic Medicine Clinic of the Poznan Medical Academy. He worked with the most prominent practitioners and theoreticians of Polish physiotherapy of the interwar period: Prof. Wiktor Dega, Prof. Kazimiera Milanowska and Doc. Janina Tomaszewska. He was among the forerunners of the application of new methods in therapeutic gymnastics; he organized and conducted staff training for rehabilitation departments. He served as secretary of the scientific journal “Physical Education”and was a member of district sports as-sociations and clubs and national and international medical societies. While working at the University of Poznań’s Department of Physical Education, he taught classes in swimming, rowing, gymnastics, national dances, hand-to-hand combat, sports games, athletics and ice skating, among others. He presented methods for improving the compensation and adaptation of the musculoskeletal organ, muscle re-education and improvement after peripheral neuron damage. He has published dozens of popular science papers, the content of which he has presented at scientific conferences.
Borsa Kapitalizasyonu, Ekonomik Büyüme, Ticaret Hacmi ve Banka Kredi Genişlemesinin Sürdürülebilir Gelişim Endeksi Üzerindeki Etkisi: G7 Ülkelerinden Kanıtlar
Authors: Karaca Cengizhan , Ekşi İbrahim Halil , Şit Ahmet
Published: November 2024

Bu çalışmanın amacı, G-7 Ülkelerinde Borsa kapitalizasyonu, ekonomik büyüme, ticaret hacmi ve banka kredilerindeki genişlemenin sürdürülebilir gelişim endeksi üzerinde ki etkilerini araştırmaktır. Çalışmanın dönemi 1990-2019’dur. Çalışmanın Bağımlı değişkeni sürdürülebilir gelişim endeksi; bağımsız değişkenleri ise borsa kapitalizasyonu, kişi başı milli gelir, toplam ticaret hacmi ve dağıtılan yerel kredilerdir. Yöntem olarak Panel AMG Grup tahmincisi ve Dumitrescu ve Hurlin(2012) Heterojen Panel Nedensellik teknikleri kullanılmıştır. Elde edilen bulgulara göre, ticaret hacmi ve sürdürülebilir gelişim endeksi arasında pozitif bir ilişkinin olduğu, ekonomik büyümenin 4 ülkenin sürdürülebilir gelişim endeksine negatif yönde etki ettiği ancak diğer ülkeler üzerinde bir etkisi bulunmamaktadır. İlave olarak, ticaret hacmi 5 ülkenin sürdürülebilir gelişimine önemli bir katkı sunarken ticaret hacminin diğer ülkelere herhangi bir etkisinin bulunmadığı gözlemlenmiştir. Banka kredilerindeki genişleme ise İtalya ve ABD’nin sürdürülebilir gelişimine negatif etki ederken Almanya’ya olumlu katkı sağlamakta, diğer ülkeler üzerinde herhangi bir etki meydana getirmemektedir. Küresel zenginliğin %64’ünü temsil etmesi dolayısı ile örneklem ülke grubu olarak yalnızca G-7 Ülkeleri seçilmiştir. Sürdürülebilir Gelişim endeksi Hickel (2020) tarafından geliştirilen yeni bir endeks olarak karşımıza çıkmaktadır. Literatürel çalışma neticesinde bu çalışma özgünlüğü, borsa kapitalizasyonu, banka kredilerindeki genişlemeler ve ticaret hacminin bu endeks ile ilişkisini G7 ülkeleri özelinde inceleyen ilk çalışma olması ve politika önerileri ile literatüre önemli bir katkı sağlamasıdır.
Visual/Digital Culture Critiquing via Video Gameplay in Art Education
Authors: Gezeroglu Christensen Munire Burcak
Published: November 2024

This paper explores the implications of critical video gameplay experiences, informed by feminist new materialist frameworks of agential realism (Barad, 2007) and queer theory, for posthuman art education. It examines the intersections between the human, non-human, and more-than-human through performative entanglements to foster an intersectional mode of criticism towards visual and digital culture, conceptualized in the paper as queering video gameplay. Focusing on key areas such as the material turn in game studies, the relational understanding of video game components, and feminist new materialist perspectives on video gameplay, this paper connects these concepts to posthuman art education. It also examines approaches taken by art educators towards the study of video games. Additionally, the paper discusses the relevance of posthuman frameworks in studies involving technology in art education and considers the potential implications of queering video gameplay as an embodied and affective form of cultural critique.
Gendered Violence in Intimate Relationships in the Context of Law, Culture and Religion in Nigeria
Authors: Diala Jane
Published: November 2024

Gender-based violence (GBV) is a serious human rights violation whose resilience against comprehensive laws calls for a reappraisal of the interplay of the key factors that influence its persistence. What is the link between the resilience of GBV and socio-economic forces such as religion, culture and tradition? This paper is inspired by the death of a popular Nigerian gospel singer, Mrs Osinachi Nwachukwu, on 8 April 2022. Although the real cause of her death was not confirmed through an official autopsy, there was widespread speculation that her death arose from intimate partner violence (IPV). It sparked a heated debate among Nigerians, especially the Christian community, on the issue of GBV, especially the role of religious authorities in combatting IPV. Her death also raised concerns about the institution of marriage, bridewealth, women's marginalisation, and the role of the law. Using a literature review and drawing from the best legislative and institutional practices from Kenya, South Africa, and Rwanda, this paper highlights challenges in the legal framework and its implementation, as well as harmful norms and religious beliefs that prompt and perpetuate IPV in Nigeria.
Rare Earth Elements enrichment in Triassic coals deposits and associated argillaceous rocks in Lesotho
Authors: Hlajoane S. , Mokhahlane L.S.
Published: November 2024

The demand for rare earth elements has increased around the world due to their application in a variety of technological advancements. Previous studies have evaluated the potential of the rare earth elements and yttrium (REY) hosted within the Permian coal deposits of the main Karoo Basin (MKB) in Southern Africa. However, not a lot of scientific research has gone into the Triassic coal deposits. The Triassic coals in South Africa were the first coals to be exploited for their thermal use in the 1880s, but the discovery of the higher rank and more abundant Ecca coal deposits led to the Triassic coals remaining largely unexplored. The demand for rare earth elements has sparked interest in these coal deposits as potential sources for valuable minerals. Late Triassic coal deposits in Lesotho have previously not been well documented and these low-rank coals can be a potential source of rare earth elements. This study aims to characterize and evaluate the potential of REY in the Taung coal deposit, southwest of Lesotho. Coal and associated argillaceous samples from the Taung coal deposit were analyzed using microscopic petrography for coal characterization and an inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) to determine the amount of rare earth elements. Taung coal is classified as middle medium rank D bituminous coal. The total REY content in Taung coal and its associated rocks range from 162.9 ppm to 855.1 ppm, which is significantly higher than the upper continental crustal (UCC) average. The average critical REY concentration of samples from the Taung coal deposit is 189.4 ppm, which is three times higher than that of the Chinese Bayan Obo deposit. Samples classified as very promising and promising because of their outlook coefficients, are found to contain up to 77% of critical REY. It is envisioned that the area could be a prime deposit for these REY.
Designing with words: Writing as design
Authors: Rath Kyle , Lange Jacques
Published: November 2024

Writing for design has, over the past few decades, seen steady appreciation. Literature on design writing refers to it as a mostly technical vocation centred on the craft of writing in and of itself. Moreover, the suggestion seems to be that while writing is beneficial to, it is also distinct from the practice of communication design. Elsewhere, writing in the context of communication design is viewed as a specialisation - a skill that is typically reserved for a specialist writer who helps craft a tone to complement a predominantly visual design.
In this article, we argue that writing for design is a far more complex and foundational skill for communication designers. In doing so, we explore the interdependence of narrative and writing, as a systematic design process and so highlight the importance of creative writing as design in an educational context and emphasise how integral writing is to the designer as a storyteller. To demonstrate this, we explore a selection of student work from an editorial project that has, for the past 21 years, been delivered to fourth-year Information Design students at the University of Pretoria (and which formed part of the 2023 Stories Worth Telling retrospective exhibition).
A new method for searching rectilinear section in an experimental stress–strain diagram
Authors:   Institute of Automation and Electrometry of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Likhachev Aleksey V. , Tabanyukhova Marina V. ,   Novosibirsk State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering (Sibstrin)
Published: November 2024

Polyethylene terephthalate glycol (PETG) is characterized by a double refraction effect which is used when modeling the stress states of building structures. This paper aims to study the mechanical properties of PETG due to the need for practical approval of the modeling results. Experiments show that, for most plastics, the initial region of the stress–strain diagram significantly deviates from a straight line. However, an extended interval can be distinguished in this region, where the diagram is well approximated by a linear function. If the deviations of the diagram from the straight line are random, it is possible to test the statistical hypothesis of their correspondence. Only diagrams with valid hypothesis are applied in this study. Twelve PETG samples have been tested using the fused deposition modeling (FDM) method. For the five diagrams, the hypothesis of the presence of the linear region in interval   [0.0075; 0.0275] is confirmed at a deviation significance level of 1%. The Young's modulus determined using the diagrams is 0.047 0.027 2.044   109 Pa. This value falls within interval 2.01  109  2.11  109 Pa presented on Wikipedia. The obtained yield strength is 49.71 ± 1.81 MPa, which is consistent with the results reported in the literature and reference data.
Statistical analysis of data from the digital service of electronic and audio books LitRes through software development
Authors:   Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, Sharikova Alexandra A. , Maykova Anastasia A. ,   Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, Vikhrova Anna Yu. ,   Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University
Published: November 2024

Processing of statistical data of an industry through the use of modern approaches and methods of working with data can solve many problems for forecasting and understanding of the current situation, and is a particularly relevant toolkit for processing big data in the economy. The book industry is of great importance in the economic and cultural component of any country’s development. The book market contributes to the economy by creating jobs and stimulating related industries such as design, advertising, marketing, and is also part of the cultural significance in the form of knowledge preservation and transmission. The article aims to analyze data of the digital service of e-books and audiobooks LitRes. The results of the analysis will be useful for people whose interests are closely related to reading; experts who pay special attention to the digital book market; big data analysts. The research methods employed were statistical analysis and graphical methods. In this study, software was developed to collect and realize the solution of a number of problems through statistical analysis of data from the LitRes website. In the course of the study, more than 10 analytical tasks were solved in the field of genre analytics, calculating the cost of books by genre, making a rating of the most popular books according to reader’s opinion, as well as the most expensive books on the portal. A separate block of economic literature analytics is given. According to the results of analytics of economic literature, it is worth noting that the LitRes service has a wide range of scientific and educational literature, which is represented by various monographs and textbooks for bachelor, master, and graduate students. The most popular book in the study sample is Vladimir Andersons book The Storm in the American Market, the rating of which is 5.0, which demonstrates the reader’s positive response. The compiled rating TOP-3 Most Appreciated Books in the Economic Field of Knowledge can be recommended for reading to people whose interests are closely related to the field of economics, business and finance. The data obtained with the help of the developed software can help to collect statistics, analyze them, and give answers to the set tasks; on their basis, one can also build models to predict the demand for books of certain genres. Certainly, the range of data analysis tasks for the LitRes site can be extended, which can form the basis for further research.
Development of interstate settlement systems
Authors:   Reshetnev Siberian State University of Science and Technology, Prokhorov Viktor V. , Rozhnov Ivan P. ,   Siberian Federal University
Published: November 2024

Issues related to the development of the system of interstate settlements are studied. The authors consider activities of monetary unions and conventions from the perspective of organizing interstate settlements on their basis; types of monetary unions and conventions; the peculiarities of using bimetallic, gold, gold-devise, gold-dollar and paper-dollar standards in interstate settlements; the possibility of cross-border payments on the basis of the digital form of money. The authors discuss the possible direction of development of the system of interstate settlements in the conditions of sanctions and restrictions on transfer operations on the basis of corporate and state digital money. The authors analyze the possibility of using corporate digital money to purchase goods or pay for services beyond national borders in the conditions of restrictions induced by sanctions; the possibilities of using one of the types of private digital money, namely cryptocurrency, as a means of payment in cross-border settlements; the groups of states that differ in the regulation of the corporate digital money market; the existing dangers for the state arising from the use of private digital money; the practical possibilities of using cryptocurrency as a means of payment and the possibilities of using state digital money in the conditions of restrictions induced by sanctions; the directions of development of state digital money. The authors draw a conclusion about the possibility of using private digital money by corporate structures in the conditions of restrictions induced by sanctions to ensure operational activities. It is proposed to adapt national legislation on the use in special cases of private digital money in international settlements under the control of the state.
Implicações educacionais da violência nas escolas: estudo na escola secundária pública, na cidade de Maputo
Authors: Xerinda Jacob , Guambe Augusto Joaquim
Published: November 2024

INTRODUÇÃO: A violência nas escolas tem um impacto negativo na educação de alunos ao nível mundial. Em Moçambique, em particular na cidade de Maputo, devido ao fenômeno da violência, o processo de ensino e aprendizagem fica comprometido. OBJETIVO: Analisar as implicações educacionais da violência nas escolas. METODOLOGIA: Adotou-se a pesquisa qualitativa com foco na descrição e interpretação profunda de declarações dos informantes. Foram selecionados por conveniência 10 participantes, sendo 5 alunos e 5 professores, de gêneros masculino e feminino. Foi utilizada a entrevista semiestruturada. Para análise de dados usou-se a técnica de Análise de Conteúdo de Bardin, e foi realizada a transcrição integral das entrevistas e digitação das notas de campo, atribuição de números de forma a facilitar o processo de identificação dos discursos emitidos pelos participantes. RESULTADOS: O estudo evidenciou que as implicações educacionais da violência se caracterizam pelo baixo aproveitamento, desistência da escola, perda de interesse de aprendizagem, traumas por parte de alunos (as), isolamento social, humilhação, repetir a classe, sentimentos de vergonha e medo, roubos entre os colegas e delinquência juvenil. CONCLUSÃO: O estudo demonstrou que essas implicações educacionais são provocadas pelos tipos de violência praticadas na escola, como a violência física, a violência psicológica, a violência simbólica e a violência sexual. Os resultados deste estudo contribuirão na conscientização sobre a violência nas escolas e ser uma alternativa de debates, com vista à mitigação deste fenômeno na sociedade, em particular na escola.
Evaluation of Digital Games with Historical Narrative within the Scope of Virtual Museum
Authors: Gökler Burak Muhammet
Published: November 2024

With the invention of computer and internet technologies, a new cultural paradigm of living has been established. This culture started to manifest itself across various platforms within the digital world.
Major museums around the globe have created virtual museums in digital environments to exhibit their collections to a worldwide audience. These three-dimensional virtual museums, primarily designed for informational purposes, lack interactive features. As stated by ICOM (International Council of Museums) virtual museums are classified into three types: brochure, content, and educational. In these virtual spaces, there is no direct interaction. However, the most advanced environment to exhibit history and art at a higher level to audiences is digital games. Far from being purely entertainment-driven, these digital platforms exhibit significant cultural reflections, attracting millions of users globally.
Among the many subgenres of digital games, those rooted in history, mythology, and culture can be considered digital museums or even prospective archives. This study aims to compare such historically inspired games, which authentically reflect the cultural and artistic elements of their respective periods and allow detailed exploration, with virtual museums. It will examine whether these games can be evaluated within the scope of virtual museums. Ultimately, this study argues for a re-evaluation of the scientific perspective on digital games in the context of the current digital age.
After the Storm: Comparing the Determinants of Young People’s Protest Behaviour Across South European Contexts
Authors: Portos Martín
Published: November 2024

Young people’s mass mobilisation has been key for restructuring political competition in Southern Europe in the last decade. From a comparative standpoint, this article examines the drivers of protest in Greece, Italy, and Spain. The main results point towards a strong heterogeneity among the three cases: while women and people with left-libertarian attitudes form the basis of youth-driven contemporary street protest in Spain, these findings are partially confirmed for Italy and ruled out for Greece. We argue that protest legacies and trajectories need to go together with politicisation and issue salience to get individual-level correlates of protest activated—however, our mixed empirical evidence suggests that some context-specific conditions intervene in this relationship. Our results point towards a strong heterogeneity in the profile of protesters, inviting us to question the use of Southern Europe as a valid unit of analysis for the study of contemporary social movements and protests.
TARAS SHEVCHENKO'S TEXT AND IT'S INTERPRETIVE CONTEXT ON THE LEVEL OF CORRESPONDENCE
Authors:   Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kyiv, Ukraine, Zadorozhna Svitlana
Published: November 2024

This paper is dedicated to enlighten the problem of the interdependence of the object and the subject of the study. The correspondence of the interpretive context to the authentic image of T. Shevchenko is discovered. Also the substantive and expressive features of his works are analyzed. We have noted that the understanding of Shevchenko is a constant process that reflects the degree of maturity. We can discover various samples of national consciousness and, at the same time, the state of literary studies as a science. Although the multitude of available interpretations helps to overcome the path of approaching the genius, it does not exhaust the entire depth of his work. Shevchenko does not fit completely into any proposed concept. The main attention is focused on the analysis of the interpretive field of the poem "Kateryna". The interpretation of the poem by leading Shevchenko scholars is presented and commented on. It is noted that the different readings are explained not only by the individuality of the researcher, but also by the symbolic and metaphorical thinking of Shevchenko, the unique stylistic syncretism of his poetry. Inattention to the word-for-word reading of Shevchenko's text led to the passing of very important meanings for the author. It is about the voluntary Muscovization of "Kateryna" as a symbol of Ukraine's pernicious step towards its decline, De-Ukrainization of the family as a sin of nationalization of the people.
Artificial Intelligence in Journalism: the Future of Media under the Influence of New Technologies
Authors:   National University of Kyiv Mohyla Academy, Kyiv, Ukraine, Iaroshenko Oleksandra
Published: November 2024

With the rapid advancement of technology and the growing influence of artificial intelligence (AI), professionals across various fields, including journalists worldwide, are actively exploring AI’s potential. They are discussing its applications, quality standards, and the ethical issues it raises. AI significantly accelerates journalistic work, especially in tasks like analyzing public data and documents, fact-checking, transcribing audio files, translating, editing videos, and converting text to audio. There are even instances of news, articles, and videos being entirely generated by AI. This raises questions: Can AI replace journalists in the future? Can AI be trusted? How can AI technologies assist journalists? What will journalism look like in the future with the development of AI?

The main objective of the study is to provide an overview of the use of AI technologies in modern journalism, analyzing their main advantages and disadvantages and addressing the ethical dilemmas that arise. The study’s source base includes scientific publications on AI’s impact on journalism, particularly from the last two years, using data from Web of Science, Scopus, Dimensions, and additional research from domestic scholars found on Google Scholar. The review also covers the most influential monographs, analytical reports, and dissertations on this topic.

Methodology. The research employs a combination of bibliometric approaches and content analysis to provide a comprehensive conceptual and structural overview of the issues, understanding trends, and the impact of relevant research.

Results and conclusions. The integration of journalism and AI technologies presents both challenges and new opportunities. AI enhances journalists’ capabilities, saving time, freeing them from routine tasks, and increasing the efficiency of media content creation. However, in the era of AI and social media, it is crucial to maintain the public’s right to reliable and timely information. The field of responsible journalism must uphold this standard. Producing high-quality content with AI’s assistance requires clear technical guidelines and human oversight. Mastering AI technologies and using them responsibly is an essential task for journalists today. Significance of the study in the generalization of research and journalistic practices in the field of application of AI in journalism, the main directions and interrelationships of such application are revealed, new valuable evidence is obtained.
MicroRNA-30a-5p as a target for pharmacological correction of pathological conditions of the nervous system
Authors: Airapetov Marat I. , Eresko Sergei O. , Shamayeva Sofiya  A. , Lebedev Andrei A. , Bychkov Evgenii R. , Shabanov Petr D.
Published: November 2024

In the brain, the main inducers of neuroinflammation are proinflammatory cytokines, chemokines, reactive oxygen species and other mediators produced by microglia, astrocytes and endothelial cells. Chronic neuroinflammatory conditions are manifested by the infiltration of peripheral immune cells through the blood-brain barrier and cause tissue damage in the central nervous system, promoting glial activation and increasing the permeability of the blood-brain barrier. According to a number of studies, one of the regulators of these processes is small non-coding RNA, or microRNA, which can either contribute to disease progression or, conversely, reflect an attempt by the nervous system to prevent excessive damage and restore homeostasis. Studying the role of microRNA. miR-30a-5p among others, in these processes can shed light on the pathogenetic mechanisms underlying a number of neurological diseases and lead to the discovery of new therapeutic agents. In this review, we discuss the role of miR-30a-5p in the regulation of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokine gene expression, possible mechanisms of its action, and the use of miR-30a-5p as a potential therapeutic target for pharmacological correction of neuroinflammation in pathological conditions of the nervous system.
Effects of the new ghrelin receptor antagonist agrelax on compulsive overeating induced by acute and chronic stress in rats
Authors: Nadbitova Natalia D. , Pyurveev Sarng S. , Netesa Mariya A. , Lebedev Andrei A. , Shabanov Petr D.
Published: November 2024

BACKGROUND: Intense and prolonged stress can be detrimental to both psychological and physical health. Stress often leads to the development or worsening of compulsive overeating. Compulsive overeating is characterized by recurrent episodes of consuming large amounts of food, accompanied by a sense of loss of control.
AIM: To study the effects of the ghrelin receptor antagonist Agrelax on compulsive overeating induced by acute and chronic stress in rats.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study involved 150 male and 15 female Wistar rats. To simulate compulsive overeating, the animals received a high-calorie mixture based on chocolate paste three times a week, while maintaining free access to standard food and water. Compulsive behavior was assessed using the marble burying test. Different groups of animals were exposed to various stressors, including maternal deprivation, limb electrical stimulation, partial sensory and complete social isolation, and acute vital stress. Agrelax, a ghrelin receptor antagonist, was administered intranasally at a dose of 1 μg/μL, 10 μL in each nostril, for 7 days.
RESULTS: Compulsive behavior was evaluated using the marble burying test. The experimental group on a high-calorie diet buried significantly more marbles than the control group (p 0.01). After a 7-day course of Agrelax, the number of buried marbles significantly decreased, reaching the control group values (p 0.05). A model of compulsive overeating in rats was successfully developed by providing high-calorie food three times a week. After a 7-day course of Agrelax, the consumption of high-calorie food significantly decreased (p 0.05). Limb electrical stimulation significantly increased the consumption of high-calorie food (p 0.05). After a 7-day course of Agrelax, the consumption of high-calorie food significantly decreased (p 0.01). Maternal deprivation stress significantly increased the consumption of high-calorie food (p 0.001). After a 7-day course of Agrelax, the consumption of high-calorie food decreased, reaching the control group values. In animals raised under partial sensory and complete social isolation, Agrelax did not significantly reduce the consumption of high-calorie food. In animals subjected to acute vital stress, Agrelax did not reduce the consumption of high-calorie food.
CONCLUSIONS: The data obtained suggest new ways for synthesizing peptide pharmacological agents based on ghrelin and its antagonists to treat eating disorders.
Bilişimsel Propaganda Farkındalık Ölçeği ve Kamuoyu Üzerindeki Etkisi
Authors: Akçay Elif , Sütcü Cem
Published: November 2024

Sosyal ağlar seçim dönemlerinin önemli iletişim kanalları haline gelmiştir. Yeni siyasal iletişim faaliyetleri
önce “dijital propaganda”ya ardından da “bilişimsel propaganda”ya evrilmiştir. Dijital ortamın propagandası,
bilişimsel propaganda, botlar aracılığıyla yürütülen yeni bir propaganda türüdür. Bireylerin bilerek ya da
bilmeyerek bilgi kaynağı olarak kabul edebildiği botlar bu sebeple kamuoyu üzerinde önemli bir etkiye sahip
olmaktadır. Özellikle seçim dönemlerinde aktifleşen botların, toplum üzerinde siyasal mühendislik aracı
olarak kullanıldığı çeşitli çalışmalarda gösterilmiştir. Bilişimsel propaganda farkındalığı, yanlış bilgilerin
yayılmasında ve etkileşimlerinin sonuçlarında ne olduğunu görebilmek, teknolojinin bireylerle iletişiminde ve
siyasetteki etkilerini anlayabilmek adına önem taşımaktadır. Bu bağlamda Bilişimsel Propaganda Farkındalık
Ölçeği geliştirilmiştir. Çalışma sonucunda toplam 17 maddeli ve 5 faktörlü Bilişimsel Propaganda Farkındalık
Ölçeği yapısı ortaya çıkmıştır. BPF ölçeği ile 505 kişinin verisi, Jamovi programında analiz edilmiştir. Bilişimsel
Propaganda Farkındalık Ölçeği’ne dair 5 faktörün açıkladığı toplam varyans %56,4’tür. Ayrıca BPF puanları
ile kamuoyunun izleme durumu arasındaki ilişki incelenmiştir. Bilişimsel propaganda sonucu kamuoyu, “izleyici kalanlar” ve “tepki verenler” olarak ikiye ayrılmaktadır. Araştırmamızda geliştirilen modelin, izleyici
kalanları doğru olarak tespit etme oranı %50,4, tepki verenleri doğru olarak tespit etme oranı ise %62,1’dir.
Araştırma, bilişimsel propaganda ile mücadelede bireylerin farkındalık düzeyini artırarak daha bilinçli bir
kamuoyu oluşturulmasına katkı sağlamayı hedeflemektedir.
Application of Machine Learning to Predict Loss of Control Eating and Compensatory Behavior Episodes During Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Bulimia Nervosa
Authors:   , Felonis Christina Robinson , Juarascio Adrienne S.
Published: November 2024

Just-in-time adaptative interventions (JITAIs) present a promising solution to improving outcomes from cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) for bulimia nervosa (BN) by prompting individuals to practice skills in their exact moments of need via their smartphones. JITAIs have been utilized in the field of overweight and obesity to predict and prevent dietary lapses, however, only one study has tested a JITAI as an adjunct to CBT for BN and this utilized a theory-driven algorithm. Alternative approaches like machine learning (ML) may be more effective as they develop computer algorithms that predict behaviors in real-time with incoming group data that are continuously updated with individual data to learn different individuals' patterns over time. As part of a larger scale JITAI study, the current study used existing baseline and electronic self-monitoring data from 55 individuals with BN over 16 weeks of outpatient CBT to: (1) develop two group-level ML models for predicting loss of control eating (LOCE) and compensatory behavior (CB) episodes over the course of CBT that achieve acceptable classification accuracy, (2) compare the performance of the group-level models within-subjects, between-subjects, and when combined with individual-level data, (3) examine the classification accuracy of the group-level models in the remaining data after 4 and 8 weeks, (4) evaluate the importance of each feature in the group-level models, and (5) evaluate if certain subgroups of participants respond poorly in the group-level models. Results showed that several ML algorithms can successfully build group-level models for predicting LOCE and CB episodes, with generalized linear model performing best (LOCE 90% accuracy, 91% sensitivity, 90% specificity; CB 94% accuracy, 96% sensitivity, 94% specificity). The models generalized somewhat sufficiently within- and between-subjects (LOCE 30-50% of participants; CB 50-60% of participants), suggesting that they lack the ability to capture individual differences in predicting eating disorder (ED) behaviors. Importantly, models utilizing both group- and individual-level data performed best (LOCE and CB 75% of participants), indicating that JITAI systems incorporating both would perform best. The group-level models performed less well although still acceptably when created after 4 weeks (LOCE 92% accuracy, 86% sensitivity, 92% specificity; CB 92% accuracy, 63% sensitivity, 93% specificity) and 8 weeks (LOCE 95% accuracy, 80% sensitivity, 96% specificity; CB 98% accuracy, 72% sensitivity, 99% specificity). Prioritizing tracking of ED behaviors and urges over a 2-day window, eating episodes during certain times of day, meal types, mood, and session frequency may be most effective in predicting and preventing ED behaviors. The current study was the first in the ED field to support the development of ML models for predicting LOCE and CB episodes during CBT.