bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Family Meals Experiences Families with Adolescents: A Descriptive of Literature Review
Authors: Wanich Suksatan  , Bovornpot Choompunuch  , Vachira Posai
Published: April 2021

Background Family meals play an important factor in family relationships and are considered as a symbolof family communication. Family meals were associated with increased dietary consumption and improvedpsychosocial health. However, few studies have focused on the experience of eating together as a family.The aim of the current literature review was to explore the benefits and challenges of eating together as afamily, and how family members adopt and modify family meals from their childhood experiences.Methods Studies were included if the researchers examined family meals or family dinners or family Mealsexperiences of families with adolescents; nine articles met the criteria. The studies published between 2010and 2019 taken from Scopus, PubMed, and CINAHL databases.Results This literature review of family meals provides an understanding of parents’ and children’sexperience in the family meals. The results are divided into three themes including: 1) childhood familymeal experience; 2) the role and responsibility of family members; and 3) family perception.Conclusion Parents’ childhood experiences influenced the types of food, norms, and cultures, that the familydisplayed at current meals. The family roles and responsibilities had changed from the past. Parents triedto preserve the family meals as an opportunity to connect the present with past experiences. Parents couldspend this period interacting with their children and transmitting the norms and culture to the next generation.
Epidemiology of Hydatid Disease in Iraq: A Study of Hydatidosis Patients in Baghdad Province
Authors: Wasan Addai Al-Marsomy
Published: April 2021

Cystic echinococcosis (CE) is a zoonotic disease worldwide caused mainly by the metacestode Echinococcusgranulosus. Hydatidosis disease is common in all countries of world, especially in the Middle East, inaddition to Asia, Africa and Europe. A person becomes infected with this disease through accidentalconsumption of water, soil or food contaminated with the faeces of infected dogs, which is the most commontype of method of infection. This parasite is transmitted to dogs when it ingests the infected organs of otheranimals that contain hydatid cysts. A study was conducted to study the infection rate between women andmen in Baghdad governorate. The results showed a highly significant increase in the incidence of infectionwith hydatid cyst among females (70.00%) in comparison to males (30.00%). The oldest age of hydatidosispatients was between 31-40 years (30.00%) with a significant differences between age groups and gender,while the lowest percentage was at age 41-50, in addition 51-60 age reached (10.00%). In regard to theprofession, the highest value of infection recorded in housewives (60.00%) and the lower percentages(6.67%) in the employees’ category. However, the most infection rate was within under primary educationlevel (40.00%), while the lowest percentage was at university education level (3.33%). The incidence ofliver infection (100%) is higher than the other organs, Moreover, it is the only affected organ that contains alarge number of hydatid cysts, Compared with lung, kidneys and spleen, which each recorded only two cystfor each of these affected organs in hydatid cyst patients, which was represented by significant differencesat (P<0.01) and (P<0.05).
Exosomes and their Role in Immunity, Metabolic, Cardiovascular, Neurodegeneration, Reproduction and Development
Authors: Zainab Abdullah Waheed  , Nadia Habeeb Sarhan
Published: April 2021

Exosomes are produced by an endocytic cellular route which consists of three steps:first: Cellular membranesinvagination forms the endocytic vesicles, then,The inward budding of the endosoma membrane starts atthe second level, and multivesicular bodies emerge.. In third and last step the multivascular bodies combinewith the cell membrane and Produces the substances of the vesicular, exosomes are used to transfer Setcell prostaglandins to specific cells exosomes Represent a new mode of contact between cells, which inmany biological processes may play a significant role, for example, immune response,Transduction ofsignals,antigen presentation- Intercellular communication mediated by exosome Cells usually communicatewith surrounding cells by direct cell-cell touch, involving interaction of the gap between the cell’s surfaceproteins and protein c interactions Communicate with regional cells via induction soluble Factors like:hormones as well as cytokines Improve the transmission of the signals, Electrical and chemical signals. Andalso Exosomes may play a role in the process of metabolic conditions and cardiovascular disorders theywere found to hold metabolites and allowing intra - cellular communication by exosomal miRNA exchangebetween skeletal muscles , adipose tissue, pancreatic b-cells, and the mouse liver and the human .
Serum Heavy Metals Level and OS among e-ic Waste Exposed
Authors: Zainab Abood Sadoon  , Sabah Hussein Enayah
Published: April 2021

The current study is performed in Thi-Qar Province which included a collection of whole blood samplesfrom e-ic repair workers. The survey questionnaire was used which is a standardized tool for this researchand provides for grouping and processing of data and used standardized research instruments such asquestionnaires and interviews of a larger group of subjects to get a clearer and richer examination of the datanecessary for further analysis. A total of 100 whole blood samples were taken with different ages rangedfrom 16 years up to 56 years. Other study groups were 30 subjects from non-e-waste workers. Daily worktime approximately about 6-8 hours for 1 year up to 30 years. The results showed that the percentage ofdiabetic patients among the e-waste population is only (6.5%) all of the diabetes cases were arise for workerswhose exposure exceeded 10 years. The heavy metals concentrations in the serum were measured by usingatomic absorption spectrophotometry and the levels of (Pb) were unexpected, the mean serum Pb levels(24±54 ?g/L) of non-e-waste workers was near to that of e-waste workers (24.6±34 ?g/L) at (p? 0.05),Cd results reported high concentrations in the serum workers of e-waste (35.4±53 ?g/l) compared withworkers as non-e-waste (9.3±17.2?g/l) at (p?0.05). The results of selenium showed an increase in serum Selevels in both groups, (209.4±195.5 ????????/????) for the exposed workers compares with (178.2±29.5 ????????/????) forunexposed workers. The other important aspect on which the study focused is the SOD1/catalase antioxidantsystem. As the study showed a decrease in SOD1 (15.2±2.8????????/????????) in workers of e-waste proportion incomparison to the comparison group (36.8±60????????/????????) at (p=? 0.05). Also, the catalase concentration waslower in e-waste workers (23.9±8ng/ml) more than (28.8±6????????/????????) at (p? 0.05) in non-e-waste workers.
Adaptability of Biofilm Formation in Streptococcus Pneumoniae to Various Growth Conditions
Authors: Zainab Rashid Hameed  , Anfal Shakir Motib  , Adawia F. Abbas
Published: April 2021

Streptococcus pneumoniae is one of the major general causes of important diseases world-wide such aspneumonia and meningitis with a high morbidity and mortality in adults especially in elderly people.Pneumococcal biofilms are essential for colonization and persistence, and it is important to continue toinvestigate the environmental conditions which affect their formation. This study came to find out theadaptability of biofilm formation in S. pneumoniae that causes pneumonia in Diyala city and diagnose themwith PCR method by using 16SrRNA for pneumococcal detection in addition to the roads bacteriologyculture test. In this study, 192 sputum samples were collected from Bacteriology Unit of Baquba teachinghospital, Chest Diseases Consultation Clinic and Al-Khalis General Hospital. It appeared that 122 (64%)samples showed no growth while 70 (36%) showed positive growth. Streptococcus pneumoniae isolateswere obtained from 32 isolates. The results of this study showed amplify 1500 bp domain of 16SrRNA byPCR, which was positive in 32 (100%). In addition, the PCR product of the samples were sent for sequencingto identify the Streptococcus pneumoniae strains. The results appeared that the strains of S. pneumoniae thatcause pneumonia in Iraq especially in Diyala city are K10 and D39 strains. Biofilm formation assay wasmeasured by using microtiter plate in three different media and the membrane formation was measured atfour times of bacterial growth phases to show the adaptability of biofilm formation in different environmentalconditions in different media culture. Data of the current study showed that the ability of pneumococcal toform biofilm was better when using a poor medium such as nutrient broth, and the highest value was at thestationary phase.
Homogenous Representations, Diverse Realities: Assistant Language Teachers at Elementary Schools
Authors: Pearce Daniel
Published: April 2021

As of 2020, foreign language as a subject has become compulsory for upper grades in Japanese elementary schools, and MEXT recommends the use of assistant language teachers (ALTs) in foreign language classes. While ALTs represent diverse linguistic and cultural backgrounds, MEXT documents for Japanese teachers portray them as homogenous monolingual native speakers of English. To better understand the linguistic repertoires of ALTs, this study investigates the languages ALTs know. The findings suggest that, contrary to MEXT portrayals, most ALTs have ability in at least one language other than English. With reference to the goals of foreign language education, this paper argues that MEXT should more accurately represent the diversity of ALTs in their literature and actively promote the inclusion of their other languages in classroom practice.
2020年度より、日本の小学校高学年には教科としての外国語が必修化された。文部科学省は外国語の授業における外国語指導助手（Assistant Language Teachers: ALTs）の積極的な導入を勧めている。多くのALTが様々な言語や文化的背景を持っているにもかかわらず、文部科学省の教員向け資料における記述の多くは、未だにALTをモノリンガルの英語母語話者としてのみ想定している。ALTの運用可能な言語について調査した先行研究が不足しているため、本研究は、小学校勤務のALTを対象に、使用言語に関するアンケート調査を実施した。結果として、ALTのほとんどが英語以外に1つ以上の言語を使用できることが判明した。本論文は、外国語科目の目標に照らして、文部科学省のALTに関する資料の更新の必要性を示すとともに、ALTの持つ英語以外の言語の知識をも外国語の授業に取り入れることの重要性を主張する。
Theoretical prerequisites for determining the content of the concept of "security of the judiciary"
Authors: BORDUN Olesia
Published: April 2021

Introduction. Analysis of the conceptual foundations of the security of the judiciary shows that the content and constituent elements of the concept have not been studied by domestic scholars. To define the definition of "security of the judiciary" it is necessary to explore the theoretical preconditions that affect its content and structure. This will allow us to continue the research work in the direction of formulating a well-founded definition of the concept, which will improve the theoretical and methodological basis for the development of recommendations for improving regulations related to the security of the judiciary.
The purpose of the paper is to generalize the theoretical prerequisites for defining the meaning of “security of the judiciary”.
Results. The paper presents the results of the study of theoretical preconditions for determining the content of the concept of "security of the judiciary". The epistemological analysis of the concept based on the dictionary information base concerning the corresponding term is carried out and features of its interpretation taking into account the value of the related terms in English are established. The practice of application of the corresponding term in the legislation is investigated. The preconditions for the development of the concept within the framework of the theory of national security are described. It is emphasized that due to the lack of complete theoretical and methodological support of activities related to the security of the judiciary, the latter is not included in the system of measures related to national security.
Conclusion. The analysis showed that in the conditions of insufficient completeness of theoretical and methodological support of activities related to the security of the judiciary, the latter is not included in the system of measures related to national security, and therefore remains out of the attention of security researchers. In turn, the exclusion of this issue from the agenda of security research does not allow to achieve the proper development of theoretical provisions, which indicates the emergence of a vicious circle. Thus, a promising area of further research is to clarify the content and structure of the concept of "ensuring the security of the judiciary", taking into account the identified theoretical assumptions and trends in judicial law.
Comunicación Participativa en la Academia: Construyendo Tejido Social desde la Memoria Histórica
Authors: Benavidez-Penagos Gineth Catalina , Arias-González María Angélica , Perassi Mónica Patricia , Castiblanco-Venegas Yeismy Amanda
Published: April 2021

La investigación planteada es una muestra de ruptura de muros académicos que llevan a los estudiantes a indagar sus comunidades próximas. Fue presentada bajo una práctica pedagógica de comunicación participativa al interior del aula, que pretendió fortalecer el tejido social construido desde el acercamiento bilateral academia-comunidad, a partir de un ejercicio de reconstrucción de memoria histórica con los estudiantes de VI semestre de Comunicación Social – Periodismo de Uniminuto, Centro Regional Zipaquirá.  El propósito inicial se debatió en el indagar reflejos identitarios de conformación personal, con las historias populares del adulto mayor del municipio. Para ello, se planteó un ejercicio de Investigación Acción, guiado por entrevistas semiestructuradas, diarios de campo e investigación documental, que finalmente permitieron reconocer, reconstruir y fortalecer su memoria personal y la identificación del sitio. Dicha estrategia debatió las prácticas pedagógicas al interior del aula pensadas hacia afuera, creando al mismo tiempo, espacios de análisis-reflexión académica en torno al contexto. Lo anterior, conlleva al acercamiento profundo de procesos de memoria popular en el municipio de Zipaquirá, reevaluando las formas de rescate identitario de tradición oral inmersa en el territorio. Así mismo, se propuso la formación de estudiantes investigadores, capaces de reconocer su realidad, tomando actuación y alternancia sobre esta.
Empatía Cognitiva y Afectiva en Estudiantes de Psicología Durante la Cuarentena Rígida por Covid-19
Authors: Landaeta-Mendoza Carlos Jorge
Published: April 2021

En los procesos formativos, se hace necesario reforzar la empatía, que es considerada como un aspecto fundamental y suficientemente relevante para poder ser tomado en cuenta para su evaluación de forma específica. La presente investigación se estudió los efectos de la cuarentena rígida, en la capacidad empática desde una aproximación cognitiva y afectiva, tanto en evaluación del proceso empático como en la interpretación de sus cuatro escalas específicas: adopción de perspectivas, comprensión emocional, estrés y alegría empáticos, en estudiantes de psicología que se encuentran en mitad de su formación profesional, dentro de una universidad privada. El estudio se basó en el enfoque cuantitativo, que contempla un diseño de investigación descriptivo transeccional contemporáneo, hace uso de una muestra no probabilística de tipo discrecional. Para la presente investigación, se seleccionaron los estudiantes que fueron recurrentes en su participación en clases virtuales. La recolección de información fue a través de aplicaciones de la Prueba de Empatía Cognitiva y Afectiva, el estudio se realizó durante el tiempo de cuarentena rígida pandémica por Covid-19. Los ítems fueron transcritos a un formulario electrónico, empleando herramientas de Microsoft Forms, previa contextualización y adaptación de estos al contexto boliviano. Se identificó que la situación de pandemia afectó a las características empáticas de los estudiantes, en especial: capacidad de ponerse uno en el lugar del otro, así como en la capacidad para compartir las emociones positivas de otra persona.
Diseño y Validación de un Ciclón Stairmand Destinado al Filtrado Parcial de Material Particulado
Authors: Montijo-Valenzuela Eliel Eduardo
Published: April 2021

Los materiales particulados incluyen solidos o líquidos o una mezcla de ellos a escalas micrométricas. Estas partículas, pueden ser perjudiciales para el medio ambiente y se asocia a algunos problemas de salud humana, debido principalmente a su tamaño. Por esta situación se han creado tecnologías para su mitigación, como los ciclones. Esta tecnología aprovecha la energía cinética del movimiento de flujo contaminado para efectuar una separación de forma mecánica, por ello son implementados en diversas aplicaciones industriales como en los prelimpiadores de líquidos o gases. El objetivo de esta investigación fue diseñar un ciclón de alta eficiencia tipo Stairmand para separación de partículas sólidas en un flujo gaseoso, con una eficiencia del 80%, a partir de un problema de estudio, donde se conocen los parámetros iniciales junto a las variables implicadas en el sistema. El proceso metodológico empleado para esta investigación se centró en un estudio descriptivo-correlacional, siguiendo los siguientes pasos: 1) clasificación de las variables para calculo teórico, diseño tridimensional con análisis de simulación, 2) determinación de los parámetros geométricos teóricos, 3) diseño y modelado de ciclón en software Solidworks®, 4) cálculo teórico de eficiencia de colección, 5) análisis de eficiencia de colección con Solidworks® Flow Simulation a partir de resultados de simulación. Los resultados teóricos, aunados a los de simulación mostraron una coincidencia con error inferior a 1%, demostrando la hipótesis planteada en esta investigación.
Locomotor activity rhythm of catfish Heteropneustes fossilis are prominently regulated by light-dark cues
Authors: Kujur Pratibha
Published: April 2021

It is interesting to explore, the circadian locomotor activity rhythm of dark adapted fishes. Therefore, it is aimed to investigate the circadian locomotor activity rhythm of catfish, Heteropneustes fossilis under different light regi-mens- light-dark condition LD 12:12, constant dark condition DD, constant light LL and dark-light condition DL 12:12 in both male and female. The study was conducted sequentially under LD 12: 12 (LON 0500 and LOFF 1700) and thereafter under the DD, LL and DL each for at least 10-12 consecutive days. The locomotor activity was monitored using Stanford Chronobiology Kit at a fixed period of 24 h. The three rhythm parameters obtained were Mesor (M, rhythm-adjusted 24-h average), amplitude (A) and acrophase (peak, Ø). All fish exhibited a statistically significant (p<0.001) circadian rhythm in locomo-tor activity under all light regimens LD, DD, LL and DL. The circadian ampli-tude was significantly declined under constant DD and LL. A significant shift was displayed in the circadian acrophase in all fish under each photic re-gimes LD, DD, LL and DL. The effect of light condition on M, A and Ø was sig-nificant, while gender imposed no effect. Chi-square periodogram revealed τ > 24 h in locomotor activity of most of the replicates under DD and LL. The respective study suggests that the endogenous circadian clocks in catfish H.fossilis are weakly expressed under constant conditions and requires light-dark LD or dark- light DL cues to generate/express the circadian rhythm in locomotor activity.
Total Phenolic and Flavonoid Contents of Date Palm (Phoenix dac-tylifera L.) Fruits for Selected Varieties collected from Haâ€™il Region, Saudi Arabia
Authors: Alghamdi Ahmed Ali
Published: April 2021

Date fruit (Phoenix dactylifera) is rich source of nutrition and is consumed as the healthiest alternative food content from fruit source in Saudi Arabia. Due to its popularity date palm is grown extensively in Ha’il region and many oth-er parts of the country. The study was aimed to evaluate phenolic and flavo-noid contents of selected varieties of date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) fruits collected from, Ha’il Saudi Arabia. Total phenolic content of each extract was determined by the Folin-Ciocalteu reagent method and its absorbance was measured at 760 nm. Total flavonoid was extracted in a Soxhlet extractor with ethanol and then absorbance was measured against a blank at 510 nm. Total phenolic content of the investigated varieties ranged from 154 to 39 mg GAE/100g DM. The highest phenolic content was found in Ajwah, Umm-Hamam, Romaithyyah and Berhi respectively, while the lowest content was observed in Shaishi variety. On the other hand, total flavonoid content of the investigated varieties ranged from 28.85 to 95.31mg GAE/100g DM. The highest flavonoid content was found in Umm-Hamam, while the lowest con-tent was observed in Menefi variety. Such variation in phenolic and flavonoid values could be attributed to several parameters, including date variety, stage of fruit picking, storage, postharvest processing, geographical origin of tree and soil condition. However, regardless this variation in phenolic and flavonoid contents, the current study confirms richness of Ha’il date fruits;Ajwah, Umm-Hamam, Romaithyyah and Berhi of these phytoconstitu-ents which are well-documented to possess important medicinal values.
Nonequilibrium Equation of State in Stellar Atmospheres
Authors: Anusha L. S. , van Noort M. , Cameron R. H.
Published: April 2021

In the stellar chromospheres, radiative energy transport is dominated by only the strongest spectral lines. For these lines, the approximation of local thermodynamic equilibrium (LTE) is known to be very inaccurate, and a state of equilibrium cannot be assumed in general. To calculate the radiative energy transport under these conditions, the population evolution equation must be evaluated explicitly, including all time-dependent terms. We develop a numerical method to solve the evolution equation for the atomic-level populations in a time-implicit way, keeping all time-dependent terms to first order. We show that the linear approximation of the time dependence of the populations can handle very large time steps without losing accuracy. We reproduce the benchmark solutions from earlier, well-established works in terms of non-LTE kinetic equilibrium solutions and typical ionization/recombination timescales in the solar chromosphere.
Near-infrared Coronal Line Observations of Dwarf Galaxies Hosting AGN-driven Outflows
Authors: Bohn Thomas , Canalizo Gabriela , Veilleux Sylvain , Liu Weizhe
Published: April 2021

We have obtained Keck near-infrared spectroscopy of a sample of nine M
⋆ < 1010
M
⊙ dwarf galaxies to confirm active galactic nuclei (AGNs) activity and the presence of galaxy-wide, AGN-driven outflows through coronal line (CL) emission. We find strong CL detections in 5/9 galaxies (55%) with line ratios incompatible with shocks, confirming the presence of AGNs in these galaxies. Similar CL detection rates are found in larger samples of more massive galaxies hosting type 1 and 2 AGNs. We investigate the connection between the CLs and galaxy-wide outflows by analyzing the kinematics of the CL region as well as the scaling of gas velocity with ionization potential of different CLs. In addition, using complementary Keck Cosmic Web Imager observations of these objects, we find that the outflow velocities measured in [Si vi] are generally faster than those seen in [O iii]. The galaxies with the fastest outflows seen in [O iii] also have the highest [Si vi] luminosity. The lack of J-band CN absorption features, which are often associated with younger stellar populations, provides further evidence that these outflows are driven by AGNs in low-mass galaxies.
The Planck Submillimeter Properties of Galactic High-mass Star-forming Regions: Dust Temperatures, Luminosities, Masses, and Star Formation Efficiency
Authors: Paladini R. , Mottram J. C. , Veneziani M. , Traficante A. , Schisano E. , Giardino G. , Falgarone E. , Urquhart J. S. , Harrison D. L. , Joncas G. , Umana G. , Molinari S.
Published: April 2021

Massive star formation occurs in the interior of giant molecular clouds and proceeds through many stages. In this work, we focus on massive young stellar objects (MYSOs) and ultracompact H ii regions (UCH ii), where the former are enshrouded in dense envelopes of dust and gas, the latter of which has begun dispersing. By selecting a complete sample of MYSOs and UCH ii from the Red MSX Source (RMS) survey database, we combine Planck and IRAS data and build their spectral energy distributions. With these, we estimate the physical properties (dust temperatures, mass, luminosity) of the sample. Because the RMS database provides unique solar distances, it also allows the instantaneous star formation efficiency (SFE) to be investigated as a function of Galactocentric radius. We find that the SFE increases between 2 and 4.5 kpc, where it reaches a peak, likely in correspondence with the accumulation of molecular material at the end of the Galactic bar. It then stays approximately constant up to 9 kpc, after which it linearly declines, in agreement with predictions from extragalactic studies. This behavior suggests the presence of a significant amount of undetected molecular gas at R
G > 8 kpc. Finally, we present diagnostic colors that can be used to identify sites of massive star formation.
It’s Cloud’s Illusions I Recall: Mixing Drives the Acceleration of Clouds from Ram Pressure Stripped Galaxies
Authors: Tonnesen Stephanie , Bryan Greg L.
Published: April 2021

Ram pressure stripping can remove gas from satellite galaxies in clusters via a direct interaction between the intracluster medium (ICM) and the interstellar medium. This interaction is generally thought of as a contact force per area; however, we point out that these gases must interact in a hydrodynamic fashion and argue that this will lead to the mixing of the galactic gas with the ICM wind. We develop an analytic framework for how mixing is related to the acceleration of stripped gas from a satellite galaxy. We then test this model using three “wind-tunnel” simulations of Milky Way–like galaxies interacting with a moving ICM and find excellent agreement with predictions using the analytic framework. Focusing on the dense clumps in the stripped tails, we find that they are nearly uniformly mixed with the ICM, indicating that all gas in the tail mixes with the surroundings and dense clumps are not separate entities to be modeled differently than diffuse gas. We find that while mixing drives the acceleration of stripped gas, the density and velocity of the surrounding wind will determine whether the mixing results in the heating of stripped gas into the ICM or the cooling of the ICM into dense clouds.
A First Chandra View of the Cool Core Cluster A1668: Offset Cooling and AGN Feedback Cycle
Authors: Pasini T. , Gitti M. , Brighenti F. , O’Sullivan E. , Gastaldello F. , Temi P. , Hamer S. L.
Published: April 2021

We present a multiwavelength analysis of the cluster A1668, performed by means of new EVLA and Chandra observations and archival Hα data. The radio images exhibit a small central source (∼14 kpc at 1.4 GHz) with L
1.4GHz ∼ 6 · 1023 W Hz−1. The mean spectral index between 1.4 GHz and 5 GHz is ∼−1, consistent with the usual indices found in BCGs. The cooling region extends for 40 kpc, with bolometric X-ray luminosity L
cool = 1.9 ± 0.1 · 1043 erg s−1. We detect an offset of ∼6 kpc between the cluster BCG and the X-ray peak, and another offset of ∼7.6 kpc between the Hα and the X-ray peaks. We discuss possible causes for these offsets, which suggest that the coolest gas is not condensing directly from the lowest-entropy gas. In particular, we argue that the cool ICM was drawn out from the core by sloshing, whereas the Hα filaments were pushed aside from the expanding radio galaxy lobes. We detect two putative X-ray cavities, spatially associated with the west radio lobe (cavity A) and the east radio lobe (cavity B). The cavity power and age of the system are P
cav ∼ 9 × 1042 erg s−1 and t
age ∼ 5.2 Myr, respectively. Evaluating the position of A1668 in the cooling luminosity–cavity power parameter space, we find that the AGN energy injection is currently consistent within the scatter of the relationship, suggesting that offset cooling is likely not breaking the AGN feedback cycle.
Reaching the Oldest Stars beyond the Local Group: Ancient Star Formation in UGC 4483*
Authors: Sacchi Elena , Aloisi Alessandra , Correnti Matteo , Annibali Francesca , Tosi Monica , Garofalo Alessia , Clementini Gisella , Cignoni Michele , James Bethan , Marconi Marcella , Muraveva Tatiana , van der Marel Roeland
Published: April 2021

We present new WFC3/UVIS observations of UGC 4483, the closest example of a metal-poor blue compact dwarf galaxy, with a metallicity of Z ≃ 1/15 Z
⊙ and located at a distance of D ≃ 3.4 Mpc. The extremely high quality of our new data allows us to clearly resolve the multiple stellar evolutionary phases populating the color–magnitude diagram (CMD), to reach more than 4 mag deeper than the tip of the red giant branch, and to detect for the first time core He-burning stars with masses ≲2 M
⊙, populating the red clump and possibly the horizontal branch (HB) of the galaxy. By applying the synthetic CMD method to our observations, we determine an average star formation rate over the whole Hubble time of at least

(
7.01
±
0.44
)
×

10

−
4

M

⊙

yr

−
1

, corresponding to a total astrated stellar mass of

(
9.60
±
0.61
)
×

10

6

M
⊙, 87% of which went into stars at epochs earlier than 1 Gyr ago. With our star formation history recovery method we find the best fit with a distance modulus of DM = 27.45 ± 0.10, slightly lower than previous estimates. Finally, we find strong evidence of an old (≳10 Gyr) stellar population in UGC 4483 thanks to the detection of an HB phase and the identification of six candidate RR Lyrae variable stars.
Magnetic Field and Plasma Density Observations of a Pressure Front by Voyager 1 during 2020 in the Very Local Interstellar Medium
Authors: Burlaga L. F. , Kurth W. S. , Gurnett D. A. , Berdichevsky D. B. , Jian L. K. , Ness N. F. , Park J. , Szabo A.
Published: April 2021

Voyager 1 has been moving through the very local interstellar medium (VLISM) from the time that it crossed the heliopause on 2012/DOY 238 to 2020/DOY 292. Three notable objects in the magnetic field of the VLISM have been observed: two shocks and one pressure front. This paper reports the observation of a fourth object observed near 2020/DOY 147. There were no upstream electron plasma oscillations of the type often observed ahead of shocks, abrupt increases in energetic particles, or fluctuations in the 48 s increments of the magnetic field associated with this feature, suggesting that it was probably not a shock. This feature was associated with a relatively large increase in the magnetic field strength (B2/B1 = 1.35) and in the electron density determined by the Plasma Wave Science experiment (N2/N1 = 1.36) using a new method described in this paper. This feature appears to be a pressure front associated with a compressive wave in the VLISM. The two shocks and the two pressure fronts were associated with the four largest maxima observed in B(t) between 2012/DOY 238 and 2020/DOY 292. Each feature was associated with a jump–ramp structure. The jump–ramp structures were separated by long relatively undisturbed quiet intervals.
Cosmic Neutrinos from Temporarily Gamma-suppressed Blazars
Authors: Kun Emma , Bartos Imre , Tjus Julia Becker , Biermann Peter L. , Halzen Francis , Mező György
Published: April 2021

Despite the uncovered association of a high-energy neutrino with the apparent flaring state of blazar TXS 0506+056 in 2017, the mechanisms leading to astrophysical particle acceleration and neutrino production are still uncertain. Recent studies found that when transparent to γ-rays, γ-flaring blazars do not have the opacity for protons to produce neutrinos. Here we present observational evidence for an alternative explanation, in which γ-ray emission is suppressed during efficient neutrino production. A large proton and target photon density helps produce neutrinos while temporarily suppressing the observable γ-emission due to a large γ
γ opacity. We show that the Fermi-LAT γ-flux of blazar PKS 1502+106 was at a local minimum when IceCube recorded the coincident high-energy neutrino IC-190730A. Using data from the OVRO 40 m Telescope, we find that radio emission from PKS 1502+106 at the time period of the coincident neutrino IC-190730A was in a high state, in contrast to earlier time periods when radio and γ fluxes are correlated for both low and high states. This points to an active outflow that is γ-suppressed at the time of neutrino production. We find similar local γ-suppression in other blazars, including in MAGIC’s TeV flux of TXS 0506+056 and Fermi-LAT’s flux of blazar PKS B1424-418 at the time of coincident IceCube neutrino detections. Using temporary γ-suppression, neutrino–blazar coincidence searches could be substantially more sensitive than previously assumed, enabling the identification of the origin of IceCube’s diffuse neutrino flux possibly with already existing data.
Binarity as the Origin of Long Secondary Periods in Red Giant Stars
Authors: Soszyński I. , Olechowska A. , Ratajczak M. , Iwanek P. , Skowron D. M. , Mróz P. , Pietrukowicz P. , Udalski A. , Szymański M. K. , Skowron J. , Gromadzki M. , Poleski R. , Kozłowski S. , Wrona M. , Ulaczyk K. , Rybicki K.
Published: April 2021

Long secondary periods (LSPs), observed in a third of pulsating red giant stars, are the only unexplained type of large-amplitude stellar variability known at this time. Here we show that this phenomenon is a manifestation of a substellar or stellar companion orbiting the red giant star. Our investigation is based on a sample of about 16,000 well-defined LSP variables detected in the long-term OGLE photometric database of the Milky Way and Magellanic Clouds, combined with the mid-infrared data extracted from the NEOWISE-R archive. From this collection, we selected about 700 objects with stable, large-amplitude, well-sampled infrared light curves and found that about half of them exhibit secondary eclipses, thus presenting an important piece of evidence that the physical mechanism responsible for LSPs is binarity. Namely, the LSP light changes are due to the presence of a dusty cloud orbiting the red giant together with the companion and obscuring the star once per orbit. The secondary eclipses, visible only in the infrared wavelength, occur when the cloud is hidden behind the giant. In this scenario, the low-mass companion is a former planet that has accreted a significant amount of mass from the envelope of its host star and grown into a brown dwarf.
Genetic diversity and morphological characterisation of three turbot (Scophthalmus maximus L., 1758) populations along the Bulgarian Black Sea coast
Authors: Ivanova Petya , Dzhembekova Nina , Atanassov Ivan , Rusanov Krasimir , Raykov Violin , Zlateva Ivelina , Yankova Maria , Raev Yordan , Nikolov Galin
Published: April 2021

Turbot (Scophthalmus maximusL., 1758) is a valuable commercial fish species classified as endangered. The conservation and sustainability of the turbot populations require knowledge of the population’s genetic structure and constant monitoring of its biodiversity. The present study was performed to evaluate the population structure of turbot along the Bulgarian Black Sea coast using seven pairs of microsatellites, two mitochondrial DNA (COIII and CR) and 23 morphological (15 morphometric and 8 meristic) markers. A total of 72 specimens at three locations were genotyped and 59 alleles were identified. The observed number of alleles of microsatellites was more than the effective number of alleles. The overall mean values of observed (Ho) and expected heterogeneity (He) were 0.638 and 0.685. A high rate of migration between turbot populations (overall mean of Nm = 17.484), with the maximum value (19.498) between Shabla and Nesebar locations, was observed. This result corresponded to the low level of genetic differentiation amongst these populations (overall mean Fst = 0.014), but there was no correlation between genetic and geographical distance. A high level of genetic diversity in the populations was also observed. The average Garza-Williamson M index value for all populations was low (0.359), suggesting a reduction in genetic variation due to a founder effect or a genetic bottleneck. Concerning mitochondrial DNA, a total number of 17 haplotypes for COIII and 41 haplotypes for CR were identified. The mitochondrial DNA control region showed patterns with high haplotype diversity and very low nucleotide diversity, indicating a significant number of closely-related haplotypes and suggesting that this population may have undergone a recent expansion. Tajima’s D test and Fu’s FS test suggested recent population growth. Pairwise Fst values were very low. The admixture and lack of genetic structuring found pointed to the populations analysed probably belonging to the same genetic unit. Therefore, a proper understanding and a sound knowledge of the level and distribution of genetic diversity in turbot is an important prerequisite for successful sustainable development and conservation strategies to preserve their evolutionary potential.
Impatiens wutaishanensis (Balsaminaceae), a new species from Southeast Yunnan, China
Authors: Liao Rong-Li , Cai Lei , Yu Zhi-Yong , Wang Yue-Hua , Sun Wei-Bang
Published: April 2021

Impatiens wutaishanensis R.L. Liao & Lei Cai, a new species from Southeast Yunnan, China, is here described and illustrated. This new species is most similar to Impatiens parvisepala S.X. Yu & Y.T. Hou in its racemose inflorescences, its four lateral sepals, the leaf arrangement, and in having yellow flowers. However, it differs in the height of the plants, the length of the petiole, the size and shape of the leaf blade, the shape of the spur, and the number of flowers in each inflorescence. A detailed description, color photographs, and a provisional IUCN red list assessment are provided, and its geographical distribution, ecology, and morphological relationship with relevant similar species are discussed.
Saussurea talungensis (Asteraceae), a new species from Humla, Nepal Himalayas
Authors: Rana Hum Kala , Rana Santosh Kumar , Sun Hang , Fujikawa Kazumi , Luo Dong , Joshi Laxmi Raj , Ghimire Suresh Kumar
Published: April 2021

A new speciesSaussurea talungensisS.K.Ghimire & H.K.Rana,sp. nov.(sect. Strictae), from Talung valley of Humla district, Nepal, is described and illustrated. Morphologically, this species resemblesSaussurea royleiandSaussurea lanatain habit, though it can be distinguished in having longer leaf petioles, purplish leaf margin, 1 or 3 capitula, shorter phyllaries, shorter receptacle bristles and the same anthers, comparatively shorter corolla with shorter lobes. Phylogenomic analysis also supportsS. talungensisas a distinct species ofSaussurea. Here, we provide taxonomic note, distribution map and phylogenomic inference to distinguish the new species and its allied members.
Aux risques du confinement
Authors: Le Breton David
Published: April 2021

Le confinement a été un révélateur chimique de la qualité de relation des adolescents avec leurs parents. Certains se sont épanouis en vivant une disponibilité inattendue de leurs parents ; d’autres ont souffert d’être cantonnés dans une proximité pénible avec eux. Certains ont continué de se voir en groupe sans souci des précautions sanitaires. Des lockdown parties se sont tenues de manière clandestine, comme bien des fêtes après le déconfinement dans la même suspension des gestes de prévention. L’article analyse ces transgressions comme une manière de fabriquer de l’intensité d’être, dans l’ambivalence d’un « Je sais bien mais quand même ».
Suisse. Les enjeux du vote sur l’initiative « Entreprises responsables »
Authors: Martinelli Aris
Published: April 2021

Résumé Cet article propose une réflexion sur l’initiative « Entreprises responsables  » sur laquelle les citoyens et citoyennes suisses ont voté le 29  novembre 2020. L’initiative demandait l’introduction d’une obligation pour les multinationales suisses de respecter les droits humains et les normes environnementales dans leurs filiales à l’étranger. Dans cet article, nous nous interrogeons sur les raisons de la campagne inédite qui a eu lieu autour de cette initiative et sur les enjeux politiques qu’elle est susceptible de soulever dans le contexte social et économique suisse, notamment pour les syndicats.
Italie. Le rôle des collectifs auto-organisés dans la représentation des livreurs à vélo
Authors: Nizzoli Cristina
Published: April 2021

Résumé Des collectifs pour la défense des livreurs à vélo ont vu le jour ces dernières années en Italie. L’un des plus connus, Riders Union Bologna, a été à l’origine de la Charte de Bologne, un accord visant à réguler les relations de travail des livreurs à vélo. Ces collectifs privilégient la médiatisation de la « cause  » des livreurs afin de se légitimer auprès des pouvoirs publics, un processus qui amène à interroger les pratiques et les stratégies des syndicats traditionnels.
La lutte contre le harcèlement de rue et les (nouveaux) indésirables des espaces publics
Authors: Lieber Marylène
Published: April 2021

Les mobilisations contre le harcèlement de rue et la réception favorable récente des pouvoirs publics de ces revendications pourtant anciennes engagent à réfléchir à la façon dont les violences envers les femmes dans les espaces publics ont été conceptualisées durant les dernières décennies. En prenant l’exemple de Paris, cet article entend souligner la façon dont la sécurité des femmes, en sortant de l’invisibilité et de la naturalisation dans laquelle cette question a longtemps été maintenue, s’intègre aujourd’hui dans un paradigme renouvelé des espaces publics qui se doivent d’être propres et dégagés de populations considérées comme indésirables. En adoptant une perspective intersectionnelle, il fait le lien entre la réception favorable de ces politiques sensibles au genre et le processus plus général de gentrification des espaces publics.
Situer la conscience du droit sur le harcèlement de rue
Authors: Beth Nielsen Laura , Le Roy Cyril
Published: April 2021

La conscience du droit des citoyens ordinaires face aux propos publics offensants et à leur régulation juridique est une question qui a fait l’objet de vifs débats, mais qui a été peu analysée par des études empiriques. À partir d’observations effectuées dans les espaces publics de trois collectivités du nord de la Californie et d’entretiens approfondis avec 100 sujets recrutés dans ces lieux, nous analysons, en fonction de la race et du genre, les différences dans les expériences vécues en matière de propos publics offensants et dans les opinions exprimées sur la manière dont ils devraient être traités par le droit. Parmi les personnes interrogées, les femmes blanches et les personnes de couleur sont beaucoup plus nombreuses que les hommes blancs à déclarer être la cible de propos publics offensants. Cependant, les femmes blanches et les personnes de couleur ne sont pas significativement plus favorables que les hommes blancs à leur prise en charge par le droit. Les personnes interrogées se prononcent majoritairement contre la pénalisation des propos publics offensants, mais tiennent des discours différents pour motiver cette opposition. Les mots utilisés par les sujets eux-mêmes font ressortir quatre paradigmes relativement distincts qui mettent l’accent respectivement sur la liberté d’expression, l’autonomie, l’impraticabilité et la défiance vis-à-vis des autorités. Les discours mobilisés tendent à varier en fonction du groupe racial et du genre. Ces différences semblent indiquer que la conscience du droit des citoyens ordinaires n’est pas un phénomène unitaire, mais qu’elle est plutôt située en fonction des types de lois, des hiérarchies sociales et des rapports au droit des différents groupes.
Faut-il, pour être heureux, vivre comme si on ne devait jamais mourir ?
Authors: Warin François
Published: April 2021

Sans la mort, arche du rien, exit , avec la philosophie, la question fondamentale de la métaphysique : pourquoi y a-t-il quelque chose et non pas plutôt rien  ? Depuis son commencement, la philosophie n’a cessé de s’affronter à la mort, n’a cessé d’essayer de la penser, hésitant entre un memento mori et un memento vivere . Mais se demander si la pensée de la mort nous invite à la jouissance ou à l’abnégation et si on peut apprendre à mourir sont peut-être questions oiseuses et indécidables. Pour sortir de cette indétermination, il faut sortir du cercle de la morale, distinguer d’abord le pur fait contingent de la mort, du mourir lui-même comme structure de l’existence humaine et reconnaître à la fois que, si nous ne cessons de lutter contre la mort et si, le plus souvent, nous lui tournons le dos, nous sommes, à elle, adossés et que, sans elle, nous ne ferions rien.
Equité et justice dans la mondialisation
Authors: Lamy Pascal
Published: April 2021

Résumé La recherche de l’équité et de la justice présuppose un sentiment d’appartenance à une communauté. Ce sentiment a changé avec la construction européenne qui a porté un temps le nom de « communauté », plus fort que celui de d’« union » parce qu’il exprime une appartenance. Mais il a surtout changé avec la mondialisation.
Vers une responsabilité équitable dans une communauté mondialisée
Authors: Delmas-Marty Mireille
Published: April 2021

Résumé En guise d’équité, le droit fait surtout apparaître les incohérences des systèmes de valeurs. Ce grand désordre juridique du monde risque de conduire à un pessimisme de résignation ou à un dogmatisme aveugle. C’est dans le dépassement du relativisme et d’un universel uniformisant que se situe la recherche d’une responsabilité équitable.
Les femmes et l'avenir de l'Eglise
Authors: Moingt Joseph
Published: April 2021

Résumé L’accès des femmes à une égalité de traitement avec les hommes et le déclin de l’Eglise catholique sont deux traits majeurs de l’évolution de la civilisation occidentale à l’aube du xxi e siècle. Existe-t-il une corrélation entre ces deux aspects, et, si c’est le cas, quelle devrait être la condition de la femme dans l’Eglise pour redonner espoir à son avenir ?
Dolto et la transmission aujourd’hui
Authors: Saladin Catherine
Published: April 2021

Témoignage de ce que le travail avec Françoise Dolto apporte d’ouverture et d’invention quant à la psychanalyse avec les enfants. L’importance de la consultation de Trousseau dans la formation de l’analyste. Enfance en Jeu poursuit et réinvente des consultations ouvertes gratuites pour les enfants et leur famille en présence de participants en formation analytique.
Françoise Dolto : au-delà du jeu du désir
Authors: Winter Jean-Pierre
Published: April 2021

Interrogeant la question de savoir pourquoi Françoise Dolto est ignorée par l’Université, l’auteur, voyant une réponse dans sa relation à Dieu, explore les liens respectifs de Freud, de Lacan et de Françoise Dolto à la foi à travers leurs écrits.
La Maison verte : actualité d’un dispositif
Authors: Otero Rossi Maria
Published: April 2021

Le dispositif de la Maison verte a été créé en 1979 pour accueillir l’enfant entre 0 et 4 ans, accompagné par un adulte tutélaire et de façon anonyme. Ce dispositif est maintenu au fil des années. L’anonymat est l’un des points organisateurs du fonctionnement qui permet aux familles fréquentant le lieu de n’être soumises à aucun contrôle. Les deux principes qui fondent le lieu sont la prévention des troubles relationnels précoces et la socialisation. Une vignette clinique illustrera un moment de l’accueil où la circulation de la parole est possible.
Qui est criminelle ?
Authors: Eliacheff Caroline
Published: April 2021

Six films de Claude Chabrol inspirés par des femmes criminelles sont étudiés en relation avec les faits divers qui les ont inspirés. Ils illustrent également la problématique du metteur en scène qui tente de cerner le mystère de l’âme humaine.