bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Local TV News Coverage of Racial Disparities in COVID-19 During the First Wave of the Pandemic, March–June 2020
Authors: Xu Yiwei , Farkouh Elizabeth K. , Dunetz Caroline A. , Varanasi Sravya L. , Mathews Sophia , Gollust Sarah E. , Fowler Erika Franklin , Moore Steven , Lewis Neil A. , Niederdeppe Jeff
Published: July 2022

The COVID-19 pandemic has disproportionately impacted health and social outcomes for people of color in the United States. This study examined how local TV news stories attributed causes and solutions for COVID-19-related racial health and social disparities, and whether coverage of such disparities changed after George Floyd’s murder, during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic. We systematically validated keywords to extract relevant news content and conducted a content analysis of 169 discrete local TV news stories aired between March and June 2020 from 80 broadcast networks within 22 purposefully selected media markets. We found that social determinants of COVID-19 related racial disparities have been part of the discussion in local TV news, but racism as a public health crisis was rarely mentioned. Coverage of racial disparities focused far more attention on physical health outcomes than broader social impacts. Stories cited more structural factors than individual factors, as causes of these disparities. After the murder of George Floyd, stories were more likely to mention Black and Latinx people than other populations impacted by COVID-19. Only 9% of local news stories referenced racism, and stories referenced politicians more frequently than public health experts.
Raman-XPS Spectroscopy, REE Chemistry, and Morphological Studies of Detrital Zircon and Monazite – Implications for Metamict State and Provenance
Authors: Rejitha R. G. , Sundararajana M. , Peer Mohameda, A. , Satyanarayanan M.
Published: July 2022

A combination of advanced characterisation techniques was applied to study the structure, chemistry, and surface morphological features of detrital zircon and monazite grains from the coasts of Varkala and Kovalam situated in the south-west part of India, showing implications to their metamict state, Rare Earth Element (REE) chemistry, and provenance. Raman, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and Ultraviolet-Visible-near- IR (UV-Vis-NIR) spectroscopic techniques were used to detect the disorder in crystal structure due to self irradiation damage. The rare earth, radioactive, and trace elements present in these minerals were identified using high resolution inductively coupled mass spectrometer (HR-ICP-MS). These studies are also complimented by scanning electron microscope (SEM) analysis for understanding the morphological features. The present study depicts a low degree of metamictization in natural detrital zircon and monazite grains with information regarding their REE chemsitry and the surface morphological changes that occurred due to mechanical impacts caused during transportation and deposition. These vivid datasets of information facilitate the mining industry and scientific community for determining their grades.
Geologic, Geomorphologic, and Climatic Preparatory Conditions for the Evolution of the Dangkhar Landslide, Himachal Pradesh, India
Authors: Kaspar Markus , Scott Kieffer D.
Published: July 2022

With an estimated volume of approximately 15 to 20 km3, the Dangkhar landslide located in the Spiti valley, Himachal Pradesh, India, is one of the largest landslides on earth. Its initiation is geochronologically constrained to have occurred during the late Pleistocene and may be related to glacial retreat following local last glacial maximum, which, depending on the source, occurred around 80 to 30 ka years ago. There is significant value in understanding the causative factors contributing to such an enormous and rare event. On the basis of comprehensive field studies and laboratory investigations, it is concluded that erosional, structural, and depositional features within and surroundings of the Dangkhar landslide are critical for understanding landslide initiation and its long-term behavior.

The landslide developed as a block slide along a synformal flexure, and through-cutting lateral valleys fulfill the kinematic conditions for creating a massive removable block of earth. Deposits of weakly cemented and crudely bedded carbonate breccias in the landslide’s toe region represent depositional activity during recession of the main valley glacier, and cross-cutting structural relationships involving ground ruptures (lineaments) and rock glaciers in the head region record long-term, ongoing landslide deformations subsequent to its initiation. Stable isotope signatures of samples indicate presence of freshwater associated with the formation of breccia deposits.

While many details concerning the timing and development of the Dangkhar landslide remain unknown, recent studies illuminate some very important aspects. The glacial history of the Spiti valley combined with structural kinematics are clearly important factors concerning landslide development. Also important are constraints concerning the minimum age of landslide initiation after recession of a valley glacier, and structural evidence documenting long-term ongoing slope deformations.
Environmental Changes and Geomorphological Factors Influencing the Sediment Flux to a Coastal Lake Spanning the Deglacial- Early Holocene Period in East Antarctica
Authors: Mahesh, B.S. , Mello Cheryl Noronha E.D. , Nair Abhilash , Warrier Anish Kumar , Mohan Rahul
Published: July 2022

The geomorphological settings of the lakes in the coastal oases of East Antarctica play a significant role in the lake's response to the local and regional environment. A 63-cm radiocarbon-dated sediment core spanning between 18.7 and 7.2 cal ka BP was retrieved from Discussion Lake, Larsemann Hills of East Antarctica in order to understand the pathways of sediment transport and deposition and the mechanisms involved in response to changing environmental settings. This was achieved by analyzing the sedimentary sequence of this coastal lake for its grain size (sand-silt-clay) and organic matter content variations. Two cluster zones were identified viz., LZ1 (18.7 to 8.2 cal ka BP) and LZ2 (8.2 to 7.7 cal ka BP). LZ1 was dominated by fine-grained sediments (clay-silt), indicating wind and low meltwater influx influenced deposition of higher silt content. In addition, the lake during this period was in a moated or partially ice-free phases. On the other hand, coarser grains (sand) were predominant in LZ2 suggesting increased flux of the meltwater to the ice-free lake. Thus, the distinct shift in the sedimentary grains fractions (finer-to-coarser), indicated a change in environmental conditions of the lacustrine system, i.e., from an ice-covered lake to an ice-free lake in response to the regional warming trends and local geomorphological features. Furthermore, the environmental conditions, proximity of the lakes to coast or the ice-sheet, elevation and area, defines the sedimentological characteristics of the lake.
Lithium Potential of the Indian Granitic Pegmatites
Authors: Singh Yamuna
Published: July 2022

There is a progressively increasing demand for lithium (Li) due to its growing applications in the Li-ion batteries for electric vehicles. Accordingly, to take stock of the situation with respect to lithium potentiality of the Indian granitic pegmatites, a critical synthesis is presented here. India’s exploration programme for lithium was not sustained due to fluctuating domestic demand and its availability in the world market. Data reveals that the Indian Li-pegmatites belong to the Lithium-Caesium-Tantalum (LCT) family, and occur manly in parts of Bihar-Jharkhand, Bastar-Odisha and Karnataka, with some in Rajasthan, Maharashtra, West Bengal and Assam. Major mineral phases of Li are lepidolite, amblygonite and spodumene, the last one being dominant in Karnataka. Bulk of the Li-pegmatites have been derived from the peraluminous, geochemically-evolved S-type granites. During fractionation, wherever saturation was attained, precipitation of independent minerals of Li took place. Lithium minerals are largely restricted to the replacement zones of pegmatites, and, at places, in the greisenised pockets within the pegmatites and parent granite margins. Pegmatites from Karnataka appear to have more potential relative to those from Bihar-Jharkhand and Rajasthan. Systematic exploration of Li-pegmatites may prove rewarding in establishing their Li-potential. Li-pegmatite fields may be mapped by applications of remote sensing, using various methods and sensors through spectral angle mapper (SAM) classification on ‘HyMap’ data. SAM classification may be used to assess the efficacy of advanced spaceborne thermal emission and reflection radiometer (ASTER), and Landsat-8 operational land imager (OLI) data, including new combinations of red, green and blue (RGB). By combined use of ASTER imagery and spectro-radiometric analysis, mapping of pegmatite veins may be carried out. As the LCT-type pegmatites are sourced mostly from previously un-melted, mica-enriched metamorphic rocks, muscovite and biotite groups of mica host bulk of the trace elements and thus fingerprint for the LCT-type pegmatites. Also, P- and Cs-enriched Li-pegmatites lend further support to the S-type sources for the LCT-type pegmatites. Accordingly, all the LCT-type pegmatites in India should form the first order target for Li-exploration. Characteristic replacement mineral assemblages like cleavelandite, topaz, greisen, schorl and lithian muscovite may also serve as guides for lithium exploration.
Rainwater Harvesting for Metro Rail Projects in India – Scope for Efficiency Improvement
Authors: Raut Sanjay , Lamsoge Bhushan R. , Labhane Nitin M.
Published: July 2022

Rainwater Harvesting (RWH), although an ancient technique of artificial recharge to groundwater and reuse of stored rainwater, has been improved with the developing technology. RWH systems have many benefits in rural as well as in urban areas of arid and semi-arid regions. Almost all metro cities of India are facing problems of water logging and flooding even after a short heavy rainfall. In metro cities RWH could be helpful for artificially recharging groundwater in depleted water level areas; reduction of flood risk in urban areas; assured source for an effective alternative water supply solution and use of harvested water during water scarcity period. Nevertheless, most of the studies in literature focused on the potential of RWH for buildings, institutional areas for reducing water consumption, whereas few examples were examined for their efficient use. Almost all big cities in India are planning metro rails which have huge potential for RWH with its elevated stations, viaduct (elevated corridor) and depot areas. This work aimed to investigate and realize the RWH potential especially for metro rails which are in the implementation stage for different cities in India. This paper also highlighted the legislations of RWH of different states where metro rails were implemented. It also emphasized on the root cause of inefficiency of the RWH system and how to increase the efficiency.
Identification of Groundwater Potential Zone in Poondi Microwatershed, Thiruvallur, Tamil Nadu
Authors: Palanivelu Eshanthini , Sundaramoorthy Nandhakumar
Published: July 2022

Water is essential for all living organisms, but in recent years groundwater is declining due to various manmade activities. The rainwater received during the monsoon season does not fully infiltrate into the ground because of varying land type, flow type, flow direction, and environment. In the present study geographic information system (GIS) was used to identify groundwater potential zones in Poondi micro watershed, Thiruvallur district in Tamil Nadu. The various maps are prepared using ArcGIS tool show, variation in slope from high to low, land use/ land cover, lithology, lineament density, geomorphology, drainage density, rainfall and soil type. The analytical hierarchy process (AHP) was used to give a rank and weightage for the all the created maps and every single characteristic in the map. ArcGIS overlay analysis have been carried out based on the assigned weight for different layers of map including geomorphology, slope, soil, land use & land cover, digital elevation model (DEM), lineaments, lithology. From the results of the analysis, the watershed was classified into five Groundwater Potential Zones(GWPZ) namely very good, good, moderate, low, and poor that and may be used for better planning and sustainable management of groundwater resources.
Study of DRASTIC Model and its Modification by LULC for Groundwater Vulnerability Assessment in Sonipat District, Haryana
Authors: Akhta Mohd. Arslaan , Akhtar Naima , Shoeb Mohd
Published: July 2022

Being part of the national capital region of India, the Sonipat district of Haryana has undergone significant industrialization and urbanization through the decade. As a result, the risk of having groundwater pollution in the area is high. Major Ion concentration (Fluoride, Sulfate, and Nitrate), Heavy metal (Iron, Manganese)and Uranium concentration has been reported above the permissible limit assigned by BIS & who for drinking water at many locations. Therefore, Groundwater vulnerability mapping for the shallow aquifers of the district has been carried out using a GIS-based DRASTIC model to assess vulnerability to pollution.The model also considers the region’s hydrogeological conditions.To analyze the anthropogenic influence, the DRASTIC model has been extended by integrating land use land cover data from the district. The findings reveal that the degree of susceptibility has increased. The improved DRASTIC model was validated using water quality parameters (F–, SO42–, and NO3–) whose concentrations are over the maximum limit in some locations. The result synchronizes with the model to a greater extent. The modified DRASTIC model thereby gives an insight into the effects of human intervention along with the hydrogeological setting have on groundwater vulnerability.
P–T–X (Fe–Mg) Relations of Cummingtonite-sillimanite-cordieritequartz-H2O Equilibrium: Implications on Evolution of Metamorphic Rocks
Authors: S.S. Thakur
Published: July 2022

The P–T–X (Fe–Mg) phase relations of the cummingtonitesillimanite-cordierite-quartz-fluid assemblage have been constructed considering the model system FeO–MgO–Al2O3–SiO2–H2O (FMASH) and using available experimental and thermodynamic data. The assemblage represents a divariant reaction: cum + sil+ qtz= crd + H2O, the Fe- and Mg-end member reactions of which have positive slope in P–T space. Isobaric T–X (Fe–Mg) loop and isothermal P–X (Fe–Mg) loop show that,at constant pressure, both cummingtonite and cordierite become Fericher with increasing temperature, whereas, at constant temperature, this assemblage is displaced towards Mg-richer compositions with increasing pressure. The study of the P–T–X relationships of cummingtonite-sillimanite-cordierite-quartz-H2O equilibrium suggests that the cummingtonite–cordierite bearing assemblages are stable at the low-pressure metamorphic environment.
Channel Migration Detection and Landuse/Landcover Changes for Barak River in Northeast India
Authors: Annayat Wajahat , Ashwini Kumar , Sil Briti Sundar
Published: July 2022

In northeast India, Barak river is among one of the principal rivers, which is highly meandering in nature in its flood plain area.For infrastructural development and river protection works, it is essential to know the behavior of banklines shifting on landuse and landcover changes. This study is to evaluate the impact of bank lines shifting on land use and land cover changes. In order to fulfill the purpose of the present study 12 reaches with 41 cross-sections have been selected. The whole work has been done with the help of RS and GIS techniques using Landsat images and hybrid classification for the landuse and landcover classification. The result of the study shows that in the upper reach of the alluvial plain,there is an active shifting. Also, it is observed that at the lower reach, the river has moved in both north and south direction. It is observed that maximum migration rate is 130.2 m/year with a mean migration rate (9.43 m/year). The sinuosity estimated for the same reach with 12 bends is in the range 1.24 - 3.89. Among all the sections, the minimum and maximum changes of width are 0.26m and 249.93m respectively with an average value of 84.51m. It is found that the Barak river can be classified into sinuous channel (1.05 to 1.5), as well as meandering channel (>1.5).The investigation of changes in the pattern of land use land cover (LULC) of the Barak basin over 33 year’s period (1984-2017) shows that urban/built-up and agricultural land was increased gradually, e.g., urban increased by 40.6% for 1984-1992, 72.14% for 2002-2012, 180.15% for 1984-2017. While, agricultural land increased by 18.9% for 1984-1992, 41.15% for 1992-2002 and 93.20% for 1984-2017. In addition water bodies increased by 19% and 41.73% from 1984-1992 and 1984-2017 respectively. In contrast, dense vegetation decreased by 5.6% for 1984-1992 and 21.77% for 2002-2012 and 39.14% for 1984-2017. Open vegetation showed a decreasing tren by 11.1% for 1984-1992, 26.83% for 1992-2002, and 36.27% for 1984-2017. Rapid population growth, migration of rural people to urban, unawareness of biophysical limitations and poverty are some of the probable reasons behind the changes in the LULC. The results of the hybrid classification of the LULC of the Barak River for the Landsat 1(1984; MSS), Landsat 2 (1992; TM), Landsat 5 (2002; TM), Landsat 7(2012;ETM+) and Landsat 8(2017; OLI)showed overall classification accuracy of 90.83%, 86.67%, 90.56%,93.33%and 86.11% with overall kappa statistics of 0.8900, 0.8400, 0.8867, 0.9200 and 0.8333 respectively. The channel migration directly affects the land use and land use change and has direct effect on the flood plain dwellers of the study area. All the assessments of this study highlight a significant message of immense vulnerability of the Barak river and also provide news about geomorpho-logical instabilities of the study area
Selective Grain Size Fractionation, CO2-Enhanced Aqueous Extraction and Characterization of Trona, a Non-marine Evaporite Mineral, Originating from Semi-arid Soil Sediments
Authors: Parthasarathy Kannabiran , Shailaja Rajathurai , Tamilarasan Govindasamy , Parameswaran Sathyarajeswaran
Published: July 2022

Beneficiation of white-powdery mineral, from selective grain size (63 – 200 µm) sand fractions and its characterization as trona, a non-marine evaporite, exudates as efflorescent crust, originated from the semi-arid region soil sediments, occurring at Siddhamalli, Tamil Nadu, India is described, by a five-stage process. Aqueous extraction of selective sand fractions, in CO2-enhanced medium, resulted in white crystalline powder, is chemically characterized as sodium sesquicarbonate dihydrate, [Na3H(CO3)2.2H2O]. The % yield of trona is directly proportional to the % fine and very fine sand fractions and inversely proportional to the % coarse fractions (0.5 – 1.0 mm), as revealed by grain-size analysis. CO2-enhanced medium significantly increases the yield, additionally by 20 %.PXRD data revealed the presence of trona with traces of nahcolite and natrite phases. FT-Raman spectrum revealed the characteristic bands correspond to carbonate group. The hydroxyl stretching of water is observed at 3400 cm-1 inferred from FT-IR spectral studies.The content of sodium and trace elements analysed by ICP-OES and water of hydration by TGA, are found to be good agreement with the calculated values of Na (30.58 %) and dihydrate (15.97 %) respectively. SEM images revealed the less agglomerated particles of sizes ranging from 0.093 - 0.44 µM. Geologically, soil sediments fall in tractive current, from talus of Bouldery sandstone and shale of Talchir formation, Lower Gondwana of Upper Carboniferous to Lower Permian Age. Trona is popularly known as “Po¯neeru” in Indian traditional Siddha system of medicine finds its application in most of the drug formulations.
Sedimentology and New Paleo-geographic Data of the Upper Cretaceous-Lower Paleocene Haria Formation in the Gafsa Basin (Tunisia) Southern Tethyan Margin
Authors: Messadi Abdel Majid
Published: July 2022

Facies associations and environmental evolution of the late Cretaceous–lower Paleocene shallow platform of the Haria Formation (upper Maastrichtian–Danian–Selandian) have been studied from the Gafsa basin, located in southern Tunisia. Four main lithostratigraphic units have been identified. Unit 0, deposited on a restricted platform, is organized into aggradational and shallowing-upward sequences. Unit 1 is composed of shallowingand deepening-upward sequences that are deposited in externally restricted platform environments. Unit 2 is a peritidal shallowing-upward sequences deposited in shallow restricted environments ranging from the intertidal to supratidal environments. Unit 3,is composed of shallowing-upward sequences corresponding to the “muddy” type in the lower part, deposited in the proximal part of the shallow restricted external platform, and the “grainy” type in the upper part, representing wave-dominated bioclastic shoals and channel deposits. The proximal-distal transition of depositional environments gradually ranges from lagoon to offshore environments. Lateral variation of thickness and facies is generated by the reactivation of NW-SE extensive and/or transtensive faults, acting since the late Cretaceous during the intermediate closing phase of the Neotethys. These tectonic features were also expressed by changes in facies. The Haria Formation’s mixed carbonate-marls successions are classified into seven major facies associations, with carbonates considered a new facies represented by channel deposits and lumachellic limestones. This study establishes for the first time a clear and detailed regional stratigraphic correlation and paleogeographic maps based on the new litho- and biostratigraphic data.
Healthcare Mistreatment, State-Level Policy Protections, and Healthcare Avoidance Among Gender Minority People
Authors: Clark Kristen D. , Luong Sean , Lunn Mitchell R. , Flowers Elena , Bahalkeh Esmaeil , Lubensky Micah E. , Capriotti Matthew R. , Obedin-Maliver Juno , Flentje Annesa
Published: July 2022

Introduction

This study examined whether past experiences of mistreatment in healthcare were associated with greater healthcare avoidance due to anticipated mistreatment among gender minority (GM) people. We evaluated whether state-level healthcare policy protections moderated this relationship.

Methods

Data from the 2018 Annual Questionnaire of The PRIDE Study, a national longitudinal study on sexual and gender minority people’s health, were used in these analyses. Logistic regression modeling tested relationships between lifetime healthcare mistreatment due to gender identity or expression and past-year healthcare avoidance due to anticipated mistreatment among GM participants. Interactions between lifetime healthcare mistreatment and state-level healthcare policy protections and their relationship with past-year healthcare avoidance were tested.

Results

Participants reporting any lifetime healthcare mistreatment had greater odds of past-year healthcare avoidance due to anticipated mistreatment among gender expansive people (n = 1290, OR = 4.71 [CI]: 3.57–6.20), transfeminine people (n = 263, OR = 10.32 [CI]: 4.72–22.59), and transmasculine people (n = 471, OR = 3.90 [CI]: 2.50–6.13). Presence of state-level healthcare policy protections did not moderate this relationship in any study groups.

Conclusions

For GM people, reporting lifetime healthcare mistreatment was associated with healthcare avoidance due to anticipated mistreatment. State-level healthcare policy protections were not a moderating factor in this relationship. Efforts to evaluate the implementation and enforcement of state-level policies are needed. Continued efforts to understand instances of and to diminish healthcare mistreatment of GM people are recommended.
Characterization of activated carbons for water treatment using TGA-FTIR for analysis of oxygen-containing functional groups
Authors: Dittmann Daniel , Saal Leon , Zietzschmann Frederik , Mai Maike , Altmann Korinna , Al-Sabbagh Dominik , Schumann Pia , Ruhl Aki Sebastian , Jekel Martin , Braun Ulrike
Published: July 2022

Water treatment with activated carbon (AC) is an established method for the removal of organic micropollutants and natural organic matter. However, it is not yet possible to predict the removal of individual pollutants. An appropriate material characterization, matching adsorption processes in water, might be the missing piece in the puzzle. To this end, this study examined 25 different commercially available ACs to evaluate their material properties. Frequently reported analyses, including N$$_2$$

2

adsorption/desorption, CHNS(O), point of zero charge (PZC) analysis, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, were conducted on a selected subset of powdered ACs. Inorganic elements examined using X-ray fluorescence and X-ray diffraction spectroscopy revealed that relative elemental contents were distinctive to the individual AC’s raw material and activation procedure. This study also is the first to use thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) coupled to Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) to conduct quantitative analyses of functional surface oxygen groups (SOGs: carboxylic acid, anhydride, lactone, phenol, carbonyl, and pyrone groups) on such a large number of ACs. The comparably economical TGA method was found to provide good surrogates for the PZC by pyrolytic mass loss up to 600 $$^{\circ }$$

∘

C (ML$$_{600}$$

600

), for the oxygen content by ML$$_{1000}$$

1000

and for the carbon content by oxidation. Mass loss profiles depict the AC’s chemistry like fingerprints. Furthermore, we found that SOG contents determined by TGA-FTIR covered a wide individual range and depended on the raw material and production process of the AC. TGA and TGA-FTIR might therefore be used to identify the suitability of a particular AC for a variety of target substances in different target waters. This can help practitioners to control AC use in waterworks or wastewater treatment plants.
Smashing localizations in equivariant stable homotopy
Authors: Carrick Christian
Published: July 2022

We study how smashing Bousfield localizations behave under various equivariant functors. We show that the analogs of the smash product and chromatic convergence theorems for the Real Johnson–Wilson theories $$E_{\mathbb {R}}(n)$$

E
R

(
n
)

hold only after Borel completion. We establish analogous results for the $$C_{2^n}$$

C

2
n

-equivariant Johnson–Wilson theories constructed by Beaudry, Hill, Shi, and Zeng. We show that induced localizations upgrade the available norms for an $$N_\infty $$

N
∞

-algebra, and we determine which new norms appear. Finally, we explore generalizations of our results on smashing localizations in the context of a quasi-Galois extension of $$E_\infty $$

E
∞

-rings.
Do the dual-task “8-foot up and go” tests provide additional predictive value for early detection of cognitive decline in community-dwelling older women?
Authors: Wang Jingjing , Hong Jin-Tao , Xiang Yun , Zhang Chunhua
Published: July 2022

Background

The 8-Foot Up and Go (8UG) test is a widely used mobility assessment. Some dual-task mobility assessments have been developed to help detect cognitive decline.

Aims

This study developed a dual-task version of 8UG test to investigate the dual-task 8UG performance and to evaluate the ability of dual-task 8UG test in detecting cognitive decline.

Methods

A total of 101 eligible community-dwelling women aged 60–74 years were grouped into the mild cognitive impairment group (MCI, n = 49) and the non-cognitive impairment group (NCI, n = 52). The 8UG tests under single-task (ST), manual dual-task (MT), and cognitive dual-task (CT) conditions were performed respectively. The dual-task cost (DTC) and the correct response rate (CRR) were calculated to quantify the dual-task interference.

Results

Participants spent more time in performing the 8UG test under dual-task conditions. No differences were observed between NCI and MCI groups for 8UG parameters under ST and MT conditions (p > 0.05). When executing CT, significant differences were found in the number of correct answers and CRR (p < 0.05). CRR showed the strongest ability to predict MCI with a cut-off point of 0.50 (71.2% sensitivity and 61.2% specificity).

Discussion

Both manual and cognitive dual-task were found to interfere with the 8UG performance. CRR with cutoff point of 0.50 could be a potential predictor of MCI in community-dwelling older women.

Conclusions

The CRR of the cognitive dual-task 8UG test could be recommended as a potential predictor for the early detection of MCI in community-dwelling older women.
Fokus Experimentiermaterial: Was sollten Studierende vom Blickwinkel der Praxis zur Einschätzung der Schwierigkeit wissen?
Authors: Boyer Lina , Stender Anita , Härtig Hendrik
Published: July 2022

Studierenden sollte bereits im Studium eine theoretisch fundierte und systematisch verknüpfte Wissensbasis vermittelt werden, die ihnen die spätere berufliche Tätigkeit erleichtert. Hierzu erscheint eine begründete Auswahl an Wissenselementen notwendig, die über mehrere Phasen der Lehrerbildung relevant bleiben und die zu professionellem Handeln führen. Am Beispiel der Bewertungssituation von „Schülerschwierigkeiten beim Experimentieren“ werden aus theoretischer und empirischer Sicht Merkmale abgeleitet, die die Schwierigkeit von Experimentiermaterial beeinflussen und die Studierenden bereits im Studium als Wissenselemente für spätere Bewertungssituationen vermittelt werden könnten. Im Rahmen einer Befragung mit N= 101 Lehrpersonen wurde untersucht, inwieweit diese Merkmale auch von Lehrpersonen für Bewertungen in der Praxis herangezogen wurden. Es konnten sowohl Merkmale identifiziert werden, die von Lehrpersonen über verschiedene Experimente und Materialien hinweg als schwierigkeitserzeugend genannt wurden, als auch solche, die nur bei spezifischen Experimentiermaterialien relevant scheinen. In der Lehre könnte somit zwischen generellen und spezifischen Merkmalen zur Einschätzung der Schwierigkeit von Experimentiermaterialien unterschieden werden. Zusätzlich zeigen die Ergebnisse, dass Lehrpersonen materialspezifische Merkmale nicht losgelöst von Lernvoraussetzungen der Schülerinnen und Schüler betrachten. Dementsprechend sollte den Studierenden auch vermittelt werden, dass eine Betrachtung der Schwierigkeit des Experimentiermaterials losgelöst von Schülervoraussetzungen und aufgabenspezifischen Schwierigkeiten nicht zielführend erscheint.
Decentralized robust interaction control of modular robot manipulators via harmonic drive compliance model-based human motion intention identification
Authors: Dong Bo , Wang Yuexi , Chen Jingchen , Zhang Zhenguo , An Tianjiao
Published: July 2022

In this paper, a human motion intention estimation-based decentralized robust interaction control method of modular robot manipulators (MRMs) is proposed under the situation of physical human–robot interaction (pHRI). Different from traditional interaction control scheme that depends on the biological signal and centralized control method, the decentralized robust interaction control is implemented that using only position measurements of each joint module in this investigation. Based on the harmonic drive compliance model, a novel torque-sensorless human motion intention estimation method is developed, which utilizes only the information of local dynamic position measurements. On this basis, the decentralized robust interaction control scheme is presented to achieve high performance of position tracking and ensure the security of interaction to create the ’safety’ interaction environment. The uniformly ultimately bounded (UUB) of the tracking error is proved by the Lyapunov theory. Finally, pHRI experiments confirm the effectiveness and advancement of the proposed method.
Neighborhood discovery via augmented network community structure
Authors: Bramson Aaron
Published: July 2022

The geospatial characteristics of transportation networks structurally constrain their features, and as a result, analysis methods designed for social networks typically fail to capture useful characteristics or make informative comparisons. In the case of road networks, natural constraints on the edge distribution weaken the ability of standard community detection algorithms to find clusters of nodes that align with natural neighborhood extents. We show that by adding edge weights based on the similarity of localized subgraph features, we can apply modularity-based community detection algorithms to uncover improved neighborhood shapes and extents. The use of local network characteristics allows the feature analysis to be completed in linear time, thus making the approach expandable to very large networks. We demonstrate this technique with an application to central Tokyo.
Harnessing Sovereign Wealth Funds in Emerging Economies toward Sustainable Development
Authors: El-Sholkamy Mona Mostafa , Rahman Mohammad Habibur
Published: July 2022

Sovereign Wealth Funds are government investment vehicles that have been present for decades. They are usually characterized by minimum information disclosure, however, this situation differed after worldwide events shed light on the role they possess to mitigate their downturns. The substantial economic influence they bring along due to their size and long term impact have recently created an uproar of debate that eventually led to the ratification of the Santiago Principles. The Principles set the stage for governing SWFs' operations and grant them more clarity. They also contribute to a more stable environment for cross-border investment flows. With the importance of SWFs, emerging economies also rose as key institutional investors; only this time they called for harnessing their funds towards sustainable development investment strategies. Despite pressuring need to improve transparency and governance structures of SWFs in EMs, the former are regarded as promising means for achieving the sustainable development goals.
Mathematical Methods and Physical Insights
Authors: Schramm Alec J.
Published: July 2022

Mathematics instruction is often more effective when presented in a physical context. Schramm uses this insight to help develop students' physical intuition as he guides them through the mathematical methods required to study upper-level physics. Based on the undergraduate Math Methods course he has taught for many years at Occidental College, the text encourages a symbiosis through which the physics illuminates the math, which in turn informs the physics. Appropriate for both classroom and self-study use, the text begins with a review of useful techniques to ensure students are comfortable with prerequisite material. It then moves on to cover vector fields, analytic functions, linear algebra, function spaces, and differential equations. Written in an informal and engaging style, it also includes short supplementary digressions ('By the Ways') as optional boxes showcasing directions in which the math or physics may be explored further. Extensive problems are included throughout, many taking advantage of Mathematica, to test and deepen comprehension.
EVALUATING THE TAIL RISK OF MULTIVARIATE AGGREGATE LOSSES
Authors: Jiang Wenjun , Ren Jiandong
Published: July 2022

In this paper, we study the tail risk measures for several commonly used multivariate aggregate loss models where the claim frequencies are dependent but the claim sizes are mutually independent and independent of the claim frequencies. We first develop formulas for the moment (or size biased) transforms of the multivariate aggregate losses, showing their relationship with the moment transforms of the claim frequencies and claim sizes. Then, we apply the formulas to compute some popular risk measures such as the tail conditional expectation and tail variance of the multivariate aggregated losses and to perform capital allocation analysis.
Understanding healthcare provider preferences for ordering respiratory cultures to diagnose ventilator associated pneumonia: A discrete choice experiment
Authors: Kenaa Blaine , O’Hara Nathan N. , O’Hara Lyndsay M. , Claeys Kimberly C. , Leekha Surbhi
Published: July 2022

Objective:

Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) can be overdiagnosed on the basis of positive respiratory cultures in the absence of clinical findings of pneumonia. We determined the perceived diagnostic importance of 6 clinical attributes in ordering a respiratory culture to identify opportunities for diagnostic stewardship.

Design:

A discrete choice experiment presented participants with a vignette consisting of the same “stem” plus variations in 6 clinical attributes associated with VAP: chest imaging, oxygenation, sputum, temperature, white blood cell count, and blood pressure. Each attribute had 3–4 levels, resulting in 32 total scenarios. Participants indicated whether they would order a respiratory culture, and if yes, whether they preferred the bronchoalveolar lavage or endotracheal aspirate sample-collection method. We calculated diagnostic utility of attribute levels and relative importance of each attribute.

Setting and participants:

The survey was administered electronically to critical-care clinicians via a Qualtrics survey at a tertiary-care academic center in the United States.

Results:

In total, 59 respondents completed the survey. New radiograph opacity (utility, 1.15; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.99–1.3), hypotension (utility, 0.88; 95% CI, 0.74–1.03), fever (utility, 0.76; 95% CI, 0.62–0.91) and copious sputum (utility, 0.75; 95% CI, 0.60–0.90) had the greatest perceived diagnostic value that favored ordering a respiratory culture. Radiograph changes (23%) and temperature (20%) had the highest relative importance. New opacity (utility, 0.35; 95% CI, 0.17–0.52) and persistent opacity on radiograph (utility, 0.32; 95% CI, 0.05–0.59) had the greatest value favoring bronchoalveolar lavage over endotracheal aspirate.

Conclusion:

Perceived high diagnostic value of fever and hypotension suggest that sepsis vigilance may drive respiratory culturing and play a role in VAP overdiagnosis.
Lonely for Touch? A Narrative Review on the Role of Touch in Loneliness
Authors: Noone Catrin , McKenna-Plumley Phoebe E.
Published: July 2022

Loneliness is an increasingly ubiquitous topic in academic, policy, and healthcare domains. This work typically focuses on its negative physical and mental health consequences, generally employing a singular cognitive definition of loneliness. In doing so, one central aspect of our social world has been neglected in loneliness research and policy: touch. Touch is a fundamental human behaviour and a powerful form of communication which plays a role in physical and psychological wellbeing. This narrative review outlines a conceptual basis upon which to consider the relationship between loneliness and social touch and reviews the available research examining this connection. There are strong indications that these social phenomena can interact in a variety of ways and this review argues that elements of presence, absence, and type of touch may impact upon loneliness experiences. Additionally, this review considers the challenges inherent to researching touch and loneliness, reflecting on their sensitive and subjective nature. The increasing relevance of the touch–loneliness connection is described in light of the COVID-19 pandemic and recommendations are given for research, policy, and practice. This review proposes that touch should be a key topic for investigation in loneliness research and outlines the potentially invaluable role of touch in understanding loneliness.
Appreciative Silencing in Communicative Exchange
Authors: Tobi Abraham
Published: July 2022

Instances of epistemic injustice elicit resistance, anger, despair, frustration or cognate emotional responses from their victims. This sort of response to the epistemic injustices that accompanied historical systems of oppression such as colonialism, for example, is normal. However, if their victims have internalised these oppressive situations, we could get the counterintuitive response of appreciation. In this paper, I argue for the phenomenon of appreciative silencing to make sense of instances like this. This is a form of epistemic silencing that happens when the accepted hegemonic intuitions of the oppressed are formed/influenced by the ideologies of the oppressors over time. Here, we have a resilient, oppressive and hegemonic epistemic system. Put together, it creates a variant of epistemic injustice and silencing that is obscure since its victims are neither resistant nor aware of the injustice they face but are appreciative.
Higher homotopy categories, higher derivators, and K-theory
Authors: Raptis George
Published: July 2022

For every

$\infty $

-category

$\mathscr {C}$

, there is a homotopy n-category

$\mathrm {h}_n \mathscr {C}$

and a canonical functor

$\gamma _n \colon \mathscr {C} \to \mathrm {h}_n \mathscr {C}$

. We study these higher homotopy categories, especially in connection with the existence and preservation of (co)limits, by introducing a higher categorical notion of weak colimit. Using homotopy n-categories, we introduce the notion of an n-derivator and study the main examples arising from

$\infty $

-categories. Following the work of Maltsiniotis and Garkusha, we define K-theory for

$\infty $

-derivators and prove that the canonical comparison map from the Waldhausen K-theory of

$\mathscr {C}$

to the K-theory of the associated n-derivator

$\mathbb {D}_{\mathscr {C}}^{(n)}$

is

$(n+1)$

-connected. We also prove that this comparison map identifies derivator K-theory of

$\infty $

-derivators in terms of a universal property. Moreover, using the canonical structure of higher weak pushouts in the homotopy n-category, we also define a K-theory space

$K(\mathrm {h}_n \mathscr {C}, \mathrm {can})$

associated to

$\mathrm {h}_n \mathscr {C}$

. We prove that the canonical comparison map from the Waldhausen K-theory of

$\mathscr {C}$

to

$K(\mathrm {h}_n \mathscr {C}, \mathrm {can})$

is n-connected.
Federal Compensatory Education Policies from Lyndon B. Johnson to Barack H. Obama
Authors: Vinovskis Maris A.
Published: July 2022

This article summarizes and assesses federal K-12 compensatory education policies during the past six decades. It focuses on the centerpiece of that effort, Title I of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965. Related programs such as America 2000, Goals 2000, No Child Left Behind, and Every Student Succeeds Act are discussed. It analyzes the increasing use of ambitious federal education goals since the 1990s as well as greater reliance on high-stakes testing. It also considers the role of presidents as well as governors in this process.
More than doubling the clinical benefit of each hour of therapist time: a randomised controlled trial of internet cognitive therapy for social anxiety disorder
Authors: Clark David M. , Wild Jennifer , Warnock-Parkes Emma , Stott Richard , Grey Nick , Thew Graham , Ehlers Anke
Published: July 2022

Background

Cognitive therapy for social anxiety disorder (CT-SAD) is recommended by NICE (2013) as a first-line intervention. Take up in routine services is limited by the need for up to 14 ninety-min face-to-face sessions, some of which are out of the office. An internet-based version of the treatment (iCT-SAD) with remote therapist support may achieve similar outcomes with less therapist time.

Methods

102 patients with social anxiety disorder were randomised to iCT-SAD, CT-SAD, or waitlist (WAIT) control, each for 14 weeks. WAIT patients were randomised to the treatments after wait. Assessments were at pre-treatment/wait, midtreatment/wait, posttreatment/wait, and follow-ups 3 & 12 months after treatment. The pre-registered (ISRCTN 95 458 747) primary outcome was the social anxiety disorder composite, which combines 6 independent assessor and patient self-report scales of social anxiety. Secondary outcomes included disability, general anxiety, depression and a behaviour test.

Results

CT-SAD and iCT-SAD were both superior to WAIT on all measures. iCT-SAD did not differ from CT-SAD on the primary outcome at post-treatment or follow-up. Total therapist time in iCT-SAD was 6.45 h. CT-SAD required 15.8 h for the same reduction in social anxiety. Mediation analysis indicated that change in process variables specified in cognitive models accounted for 60% of the improvements associated with either treatment. Unlike the primary outcome, there was a significant but small difference in favour of CT-SAD on the behaviour test.

Conclusions

When compared to conventional face-to-face therapy, iCT-SAD can more than double the amount of symptom change associated with each therapist hour.
Is there non-resistant non-belief?
Authors: Napier Stephen
Published: July 2022

Most commentators on the argument from divine hiddenness agree that there exists non-resistant non-belief. This article challenges this orthodoxy by arguing that on closer inspection, this premise is problematic. The putative categories of non-resistant non-belief are really instances of resistance, or non-resistant non-belief of the sort that is not incongruent with what a good and loving God would allow (or could prevent). One of the central critiques offered here is that Schellenberg's argument against the veridicality of religious experience, if true, calls into question the importance of having conscious apprehension of God. The absence of conscious apprehension of God is taken by Schellenberg as evidence of hiddenness. But if religious experience is as epistemically tenuous as he argues it is (as against the veridicality of religious experience) then God would not be interested in bequeathing it. So, there is an internal tension within the hiddenness argument that defeats one of its key premises. Non-belief is either resistant or non-resistant, but not of the sort incompatible with what a loving God would allow.
A theory of informal and formal social citizenship and welfare
Authors: NORDENSVÄRD JOHAN , KETOLA MARKUS
Published: July 2022

Formal social citizenship is limited in how it enables us to think about informal social citizenship and informal welfare. This informal perspective is important in all contexts where access to social rights is negotiated through local and transnational spaces, and where the state is a relatively minor player. By drawing on work on moral economy (Scott, 1976) and informal welfare (Gough and Wood, 2006) the article aims to propose a new theoretical model to understand the nature and social practice of both informal citizenship and welfare. This model departs from a western-centric understanding of nation-state-based citizenship and national welfare states, adopting instead the perspective that informal social citizenship and welfare have existed independently of the nation state as long as there have been human communities. Formal citizenship together with formal welfare rights represent just one particular crystallization of such informal practice. Our proposed model highlights the interdependent (rather than evolutionary) relationship between formal welfare at national level and informal welfare practices at local and transnational levels.