bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
TEORIA GERAL DA INTERPRETAÇÃO CONSTITUCIONAL: CONSIDERAÇÕES CRÍTICAS À OBRA DE BLACK II
Authors: Martins Ricardo Marcondes
Published: January 2021

Trata-se de comentários à sétima e à oitava regras hermenêuticas apresentadas por Henry Campbell Back no capítulo 2 de seu Manual de construção e interpretação do direito. Inicia-se por negar a existência de uma Hermenêutica Constitucional, dissociada da Hermenêutica Jurídica. Apresenta-se o método da concretização constitucional proposto por Konrad Hesse. Critica-se o postulado da inteligibilidade da linguagem jurídica, propondo, em seu lugar, o postulado da prioridade do significado técnico. Explica-se o papel da interpretação sistemática e literal na compreensão da Constituição. Examina-se a pretensão de justiça como um postulado constitucional. Por fim, enfrenta-se o paradoxo da interpretação literal e as duas teorias próprias para os casos de rompimento do texto: a teoria normativa dos atos performativos e a teoria das regras prima facie.
A lei da liberdade econômica e os novos paradigmas da intervenção do estado no domínio econômico
Authors: Veras Vinícius Périssé Maia , Araujo Valter Shuenquener de
Published: January 2021

O presente artigo estuda as principais mudanças introduzidas pela Lei nº 13.874/2019. A recente história econômica brasileira é marcada por forte intervenção do Estado na Economia, seja de forma direta ou indireta. Com o advento da Constituição da República de 1988, foi instaurado um novo modelo de ordem econômica centralizado na livre iniciativa. Entretanto, é possível constatar, por meio de estudos estatísticos e a pesquisa da jurisprudência, que tal modelo não fora colocado em prática, mantendo-se a forte tradição estatizante do país. Com a Lei da Liberdade Econômica, nota-se um movimento normativo com capacidade de alterar esta realidade. Por fim, chegou-se à conclusão de que a Lei 13.874/2019 possui um grande potencial transformador, capaz de criar novos paradigmas e limites para a intervenção estatal na economia, desde que bem regulada e interpretada conforme os fins ditados pela Constituição.
Investigating the Types of Motivation of TESL Students in A Higher Education Institute in Malaysia
Authors: Al-Saggaf Mohammad Ali , Binti Rusli Zur Ain Nabila
Published: January 2021

The purpose of this study is to investigate the types of motivation of students from a Higher Education Institute, the School of Education and Social Sciences in learning English language. The research instrument was adapted from Gardner’s Attitude/Motivation Test Battery (AMTB). The questionnaire has 28 items 14 items from intrinsic motivation and 14 items from extrinsic motivation. Students from a Higher Education Institute, Shah Alam, Malaysia participated in answering the questionnaire. The findings reveal that, the participating students do have high level of intrinsic motivation and extrinsic motivation, but if to compare between these two types, intrinsic and extrinsic motivation, the Participating students’ intrinsic motivation are slightly higher than their level of extrinsic motivation. The researcher concludes that the participating students rely on intrinsic motivation rather than extrinsic motivation.
As influências do PIBID sobre a formação inicial e a prática docente na educação básica, nos cursos de licenciatura presenciais na Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul
Authors: Ramos Rafael Nagy , Zandavalli Carla Busato
Published: January 2021

O objetivo deste estudo, de abordagem qualitativa (BIKLEN; BOGDAN, 2013), foi o de analisar as influências do PIBID sobre a formação inicial e a prática docente na educação básica, nos cursos de licenciatura presenciais na UFMS, no período de 2009 a 2018. Para a execução da pesquisa, foram realizadas três etapas que abrangeram: a fase bibliográfica e exploratória, que consistiu no balanço bibliográfico em bases de indexação da produção científica nacional e no levantamento de informações sobre os participantes do programa; a fase da coleta em campo, por meio da disponibilização de questionários online com perguntas abertas e de múltipla escolha e a terceira fase, em que houve tratamento estatístico dos resultados sobre o perfil dos respondentes e uso da metodologia de análise de conteúdo, na perspectiva de Bardin (2016), para análise das informações sobre o PIBID. As principais categorias identificadas acerca do programa foram: relação teoria-prática; formação; oportunidade; conhecimento; importância; inovação e identidade profissional.  O programa, segundo os respondentes, proporciona formação da identidade profissional docente, maior fluxo de informações entre as instituições de ensino superior (IES) e a escola, além de representar uma oportunidade de crescimento acadêmico. Concluiu-se que, na percepção dos participantes, há o reconhecimento da importância do programa, especialmente quanto às suas contribuições para a melhoria da formação inicial, construção da identidade docente e valorização do magistério.
Migração, trabalho e escolarização de jovens em diferentes percursos escolares
Authors: Vendramini Célia Regina , Cataño Hoyos Claudia Janet , Queiroz Janaina Gulart Oliveira de , Pereira Larissa Livramento
Published: January 2021

O objetivo do trabalho é analisar a relação entre migração, trabalho e escolarização de jovens em diferentes percursos escolares. Observamos entre os jovens migrantes um percurso escolar irregular e sujeito a interrupções, dada a dificuldade de conciliar estudo e trabalho, as mudanças em meio ao período letivo, a rotatividade de escolas, as dificuldades de adaptação, entre outras. A pesquisa que sustenta as análises está sendo desenvolvida na cidade de Florianópolis, estado de Santa Catarina, local que tem recebido um grande fluxo de migrantes, especialmente de outros estados do país. A estratégia metodológica foi integrada por técnicas qualitativas e quantitativas de geração de dados, tais como questionários, grupos focais e análises de documentos em três espaços de pesquisa, nos quais abordamos a relação dos jovens migrantes com o trabalho e a escola: Escola de ensino médio regular -  pesquisa com estudantes que frequentam o ensino médio diurno e noturno; Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina - pesquisa com trabalhadores temporários da construção civil, os quais apresentam baixa escolarização e interromperam os estudos;  Núcleos de Educação de Jovens e Adultos - pesquisa com estudantes que buscam retomar o processo de escolarização. Conclui-se que a migração da classe trabalhadora é um fenômeno intrínseco aos processos de expropriação e exploração da sociedade moderna, que o percurso escolar dos jovens migrantes encontra-se determinado pelo trabalho e caracteriza-se pela permanente tensão entre expulsão e integração.
Association of PRDM16 rs12409277 and CtBP2 rs1561589 gene polymorphisms with lipid profile of adolescents
Authors: Maksimovic Nela , Vidovic Vanja , Damnjanovic Tatjana , Jekic Biljana , Majkic Singh Nada , Simeunovic Slavko , Savic Bozovic Dara , Vidovic Stojko , Novakovic Ivana
Published: January 2021

Introduction

Positive regulatory domain containing 16 (PRDM16) protein represents the key regulator of brown adipose tissue (BAT) development.
It induces brown fat phenotype and represses white adipose tissue specific genes through the association with C-terminal binding co-repressor proteins (CtBP1 and CtBP2). In healthy adults presence of BAT has been associated with lower glucose, total cholesterol and LDL (low-density lipoprotein) cholesterol levels. Our aim was to analyze the association of PRDM16 gene (rs12409277) and CtBP2 gene (rs1561589) polymorphisms with body mass index (BMI), fasting glucose level and lipid profile of adolescents.

Material and methods

Our study included 295 healthy school children, 145 boys (49.2%) and 150 girls (50.8%), 15 years of age. Genotypes for the selected polymorphisms were detected by the real-time PCR method. Age, gender, height, weight, lipid profile (total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, LDL cholesterol,
triglycerides) and fasting glucose levels were recorded.

Results

We did not find a statistically significant association of rs12409277 and rs1561589 polymorphisms with BMI, fasting glucose and lipid profile of adolescents. We further analyzed the combined effect of the two SNPs and the statistical analysis showed that carriers of CT genotype of rs12409277 polymorphism and GG genotype of rs1561589 polymorphism had significantly lower total cholesterol (p = 0.001) and LDL cholesterol (p = 0.008) levels compared to all other groups of genotypes.

Conclusions

Our study suggests that rs12409277 and rs1561589 polymorphism might have an influence on total and LDL cholesterol levels in adolescents. Larger studies should be performed in order to confirm our results.
A Influência do Tamanho do Grupo na Participação do Cooperado em Assembleias
Authors: Schmidt Carla Maria , Schmitz Caroline Jane , Wenningkamp Keila Raquel , Fischer Tiago Rodrigo
Published: January 2021

A cooperação entre indivíduos e firmas tem se tornado necessária na medida em que diversas transformações do atual cenário mercadológico exigem novas formas de organização e coordenação, a fim de tornar as empresas e pessoas mais competitivas. Decorre dessa conjuntura a adoção de estruturas de governança baseadas na coletividade, complementaridade e auxílio mútuo, caracterizando-se como diversas formas de ações coletivas, a exemplo das cooperativas. Ocorre que há diferenças em organizar e manter ações coletivas formadas por grupos grandes e pequenos. Nesse sentido, o objetivo deste estudo foi o de analisar a influência do tamanho do grupo na participação dos cooperados nas assembleias do Sicredi Aliança PR/SP. Em termos metodológicos, tratou-se de uma pesquisa descritiva e qualitativa, cuja coleta de dados se deu a partir de documentos, de entrevista (realizada com o diretor executivo) e de questionários (aplicados aos associados e coordenadores de núcleos do Sicredi Aliança PR/SP). A partir dos resultados, foi possível concluir que ocorre influência do tamanho do grupo, de modo que quanto menor o grupo, maior a presença dos associados nas assembleias e maior a participação dos cooperados com opiniões, sugestões e críticas. Ademais, que grupos menores favorecem relacionamentos mais próximos entre cooperados e seus coordenadores. Porém, somente a diminuição do grupo ainda não é suficiente para que os membros participem mais efetivamente, pois precisam de mais confiança, liderança, comunicação e relacionamentos informais.
A Intensificação do Trabalho Docente no Ensino Superior Público Federal
Authors: Maia Fernanda Landolfi
Published: January 2021

Este artigo pretende apresentar alguns resultados da pesquisa de tese sobre a intensificação do trabalho docente de Ensino Superior Público (Maia, 2014), dando ênfase às condições objetivas de trabalho. Ao analisar o trabalho docente, constatou-se que, no cotidiano dos professores, está presente o encurtamento dos seus prazos na realização das múltiplas atividades (ensino, pesquisa, gestão e extensão) e a ampliação constante dos tipos de atividades, que resulta em um processo de intensificação. Da mesma forma, o trabalho excessivo caracterizado pela diversidade de atividades realizadas dentro e fora do espaço de trabalho configura outro processo relacionado ao trabalho do professor: a flexibilização. Para esta análise, optamos por uma abordagem qualitativa, e o campo empírico se constitui por um estudo de caso na Universidade Federal do Paraná. A aproximação com o locus do trabalho dos professores se deu por meio de entrevistas semiestruturadas, com professores doutores em regime de dedicação exclusiva. Os resultados apontam que houve um processo de intensificação, individual e coletivo, e de flexibilização das atividades, que se manifesta no cotidiano dos professores, na organização e nas dinâmicas do trabalho, que são implementadas a partir de um movimento externo (políticas públicas, processos de gestão, reconfigurações do trabalho), mas que se consubstanciam pelas mãos dos atores internos da instituição e do campo acadêmico.
Contribuições Teóricas sobre o Estudo de Redes de Conhecimento Interorganizacionais
Authors: Müller Rodrigo , Strauhs Faimara do Rocio
Published: January 2021

As redes de conhecimento (RC) interorganizacionais podem ser vistas como espaços de interação entre os mais variados grupos e/ou segmentos da sociedade, visando à cooperação, ao compartilhamento de informações, aos recursos, aos conhecimentos e às experiências. A existência das RC nos mais variados ambientes pode auxiliar organizações e indivíduos nos processos de compartilhamento e de criação de novos conhecimentos. Nesse contexto, esta pesquisa busca identificar as características das redes de conhecimento e investigar como ocorre a criação do conhecimento dessas redes. A pesquisa desenvolve-se sob a metodologia teórico-exploratória, buscando identificar na literatura específica, por meio de uma pesquisa bibliométrica, os principais constructos da área, bem como as características dos ambientes de cooperação. Após a coleta de dados e a análise prévia dos materiais encontrados, verificou-se que o estudo das RC é recente e possui, ainda, poucos trabalhos. No cenário brasileiro, a pequena quantidade de trabalhos encontrados demonstra que o tema é incipiente, carecendo de estudos e pesquisas direcionadas ao cenário nacional. Já no campo internacional, vê-se uma maior quantidade de trabalhos publicados, no entanto com poucas abordagens empíricas. Após estas análises é possível perceber que as RC são dinâmicas e dependem da criação de laços de confiança entre as organizações participantes. É possível ainda identificar que a maioria das redes atuais se configura a partir da identificação de necessidades semelhantes entre empresas diferentes, o que indica uma posição de abertura dessas organizações para o trabalho conjunto e o compartilhamento de recursos, informações e conhecimentos.
Estratégias de Inserção e Permanência na Rede de Trabalho em Tecnologia da Informação
Authors: Valle Marcos José
Published: January 2021

O objetivo do artigo é uma análise sobre configurações de trabalho na área de Tecnologia de Informação, visa identificar estratégias de inserção e permanência de profissionais no mercado de trabalho organizado em rede. Utiliza metodologia qualitativa valendo-se de entrevistas semiestruturadas com quatro profissionais do setor, todos da cidade de Curitiba e Região Metropolitana, estado do Paraná, analisados sob a Teoria dos Grafos e observada a construção dos Laços Fortes e Laços Fracos e a superação de Buracos Estruturais. Os entrevistados selecionados para a amostra apresentam situações das quais se beneficiam por meio das cadeias relacionais curtas, laços fortes, e dos laços fracos pela enfatize de suas competências profissionais e como são lembrados. Conclui-se que os profissionais do setor enfrentam forças de oferta e demanda em um mercado cujo fator de produção e mercadoria de troca é o conhecimento, sob o risco constante de insucesso em permanecerem atuantes com base na disponibilidade de oportunidade combinadas ao esforço intensivo necessário para atuação.
Naukowe fascynacje sztuki. Przegląd arbitralny
Authors: Możdżyński Paweł
Published: January 2021

Tekst „Naukowe fascynacje sztuki” opisuje zainteresowania współczesnych twórców sztuk plastycznych nauką. Autor po kolei omawia wpływ matematyki, fizyki, biologii, psychologii i nauk społecznych na koncepcjeartystyczne, tworzenie trendów, jak też konkretne dzieła sztuki. W tekście pojawia się wiele odniesień do artystów amerykańskich i europejskich, jednak najczęściej występują przykłady sztuki polskiej (m.in. W. Strzemiński, R. Winiarski, J. Kapusta, Z. Oksiuta, sztuka krytyczna). W podsumowaniu autor analizuje fascynacje artystów nauką, w tym pęd do eksperymentowania w kontekście ponowoczesnej pogoni za przeżyciami.
Bity, wirusy, sieci. Trzy przypadki polskiej sztuki najnowszej: Lisek/Brzeziński/Janicki
Authors: Jelewska Agnieszka
Published: January 2021

Artykuł omawia trzy przypadki (case study) najnowszej polskiej sztuki medialnej (Robert B. Lisek, Michał Brzeziński, Paweł Janicki) w kontekście przemian kulturowo-społecznych związanych z rozwijaniem się systemów społeczeństwa sieci, jak też nauki, w tym teorii informacji, fizyki kwantowej, biologii i filozofii. Tekst wskazuje na sztukę, która ma funkcję krytyczną i destabilizującą zastane schematy komunikacyjne, naukowe i kulturowe. W tej nowej praktyce artystycznej dochodzi bowiem do silnego sprzężenia pomiędzy działalnością twórczą oraz teoriami naukowymi i nowymi narzędziami technologicznymi.
Keith Tester – Refleksja zarówno socjologiczna, jak i teologiczna: rozmowa z Kieranem Flanaganem
Authors: Tester Keith , Flanagan Kieran
Published: January 2021

Dla Kierana Flanagana, brytyjskiego socjologa eksplorującego pogranicze tej dziedziny z teologią, katolicyzm to „kreatywny stan liminalny”. W rozmowie z Keithem Testerem opowiada o tym, jak doświadczeniepowrotu do religii wpłynęło na jego zainteresowania socjologiczne, owocując m.in. pracami na temat liturgii oraz wizualności. Odwołując się do „postsekularnych” wątków w pracach klasyków, takich jak Bauman,Bourdieu, Goffman, Simmel i Weber, Flanagan otwiera przed socjologią nowe problemy i perspektywy, wcześniej pomijane przez „religijnie niemuzykalnych” badaczy społecznych. Opowiada też o przygotowywanejobecnie pracy pod tytułem Sociology at Prayer. Zdaniem Testera ów pozornie dziwaczny mariaż socjologii i teologii może w istocie stanowić zapowiedź głębokich zmian, z jakimi socjologom wkrótce przyjdzie się uporać.
Ortodoksja refleksyjna. Problem postsekularyzmu w świetle teorii systemów społecznych
Authors: Matuszek Krzysztof C.
Published: January 2021

Czy ortodoksja religijna i refleksyjność wykluczają się nawzajem? W pracy niniejszej zadaję pytanie o postsekularną refleksyjność wiary. W tym kontekście kluczowa okazuje się kwestia funkcjonowania wiary jako symbolicznie zgeneralizowanego medium komunikacji. Analizuję związane z tym problemy teoretyczne oraz dylematy religijności: ortodoksja a heterodoksja, spójna tożsamość osobowa a komplementarna rola społeczna. Artykuł rozpoczyna się od zdefiniowania postsekularyzmu na podstawie analiz Habermasa, Bergera i Casanovy jako zmiany świadomości społecznej polegającej na przejściu od postaw naiwnych w odniesieniu do religii do postaw refleksyjnych. Następnie referuję główne tezy teorii sekularyzacji na gruncie Luhmannowskiej teorii systemów społecznych, wyodrębniając dwa powiązane ze sobą poziomy: dyferencjacji funkcjonalnej nowoczesnego społeczeństwa oraz indywidualizmu. Na koniec przedstawiam kilka uwag na temat stosunku Luhmanna do religii.
Między naturalizmem a religią. O idei społeczeństwa postsekularnego w myśli Jürgena Habermasa
Authors: Wonicki Rafał
Published: January 2021

Niniejszy tekst pomyślany jest jako wprowadzenie do poglądów Habermasa w kwestii wzajemnych relacji rozumu i wiary oraz idei społeczeństwa postsekularnego. Ma on na celu przedstawienie najważniejszych argumentów autora Teorii działania komunikacyjnego oraz uchwycenie ewentualnych trudności w proponowanym przez Habermasa podejściu. Zdaniem niemieckiego myśliciela sekularyzacja nie prowadzi do osłabienia religii, a wzrost ważności religii nie zagraża procesowi sekularyzacji. Autor zatem, uwzględniając fakt istnienia religii i wiedzy naukowej, światopoglądu religijnego i światopoglądu laickiego, próbuje znaleźć, w ramach swojej teorii deliberatywnego państwa prawa, wspólną płaszczyznę do dialogu między nimi. Jest nią zdrowy rozsądek (common sense), który pełni w jego teorii społeczeństwa postsekulanego rolę mediatora między nauką a religią.
Socjologia krytyczna a obietnica emancypacji
Authors: Nowicka Magdalena
Published: January 2021

Artykuł dotyczy współczesnego przyrostu obietnic emancypacji w dyskursach socjologii krytycznej. Wiązane z emancypacją stymulowanie refleksyjności i sprawczej podmiotowości (agency) jest generalnie i często w sposób bezkrytyczny traktowane jako warunek rozwoju społecznego. W efekcie „boomu na emancypację” następuje rozmycie znaczenia pojęcia emancypacji i stępienie krytycznego ostrza tych nurtów, które problem władzy i podmiotowości mają na sztandarze. Z jednej strony, skutkiem tych procesów jest redukcja idei emancypacji do aktywistycznej społecznej praxis i do technologii uwłasnowolnienia. Z drugiej, idea emancypacji staje się represyjnym instrumentem oceny działań indywiduów. Problemy te zostaną omówione na przykładzie teorii postkolonialnej i społecznie zaangażowanej performatyki. Warto dziś przeciwstawić socjologii krytycznej socjologię krytyki i wrócić do krytyki samego pojęcia krytyki. Punktem wyjścia do metarefleksji mogłaby być koncepcja krytyki Michela Foucaulta.
Badania nad ruchem nacjonalistycznym. Ograniczenie czy wyzwanie dla socjologii publicznej?
Authors: Kajta Justyna
Published: January 2021

Artykuł prezentuje dylematy towarzyszące próbom zastosowania założeń postulowanej przez Michaela Burawoya socjologii publicznej w badaniach nad ruchem nacjonalistycznym. Tekst pisany jest na podstawie badań własnych nad tożsamością uczestników ruchu nacjonalistycznego w Polsce, w ramach których realizowane są narracyjne wywiady biograficzne z członkami takich organizacji, jak Obóz Narodowo-Radykalny, Narodowe Odrodzenie Polski oraz Młodzież Wszechpolska. Dla rozważań o ograniczeniach możliwości uprawiania socjologii publicznej w badaniach nad światem prawicowym istotny okazuje się podział na tradycyjną oraz organiczną socjologię publiczną. Artykuł sugeruje, że uprawianie organicznej socjologii publicznej w badaniach nad światem prawicowym jest możliwe, choć dla badaczy, którzy dostrzegają uzasadnienie dla marginalizacji kontrowersyjnych wykluczonych, jakimi są nacjonaliści, socjologia publiczna powinna ograniczyć się do swojej tradycyjnej formy, w której nie wybierają oni konkretnej publiczności, a tym samym ani nie pomagają nacjonalistom, ani też im świadomie nie szkodzą.
Psychologia społeczna. W pułapkach zaangażowania: Polska i świat
Authors: Bilewicz Michał , Olechowski Mateusz
Published: January 2021

Niniejszy artykuł stanowi analizę ideologicznego uwikłania światowej i polskiej psychologii społecznej w kontekście zaangażowania społecznego nauki. Autorzy używają przykładów zaczerpniętych ze światowej psychologii stosunków międzygrupowych oraz prac wiodących polskich psychologów społecznych dotyczących transformacji ustrojowej, aby pokazać społeczne uwikłania badań psychologicznych i wytwarzania wiedzy naukowej. Są to fakty niezbyt uświadomione w praktyce badawczej i twórczości naukowej psychologów. Do analizy tych praktyk zastosowane zostają koncepcje psychologiczne z obszaru umotywowanego poznania, teorii atrybucji oraz stosunków międzygrupowych. Artykuł kończy się opisem niedawnych pozytywnych zmian prowadzących do przeobrażania się dominującego paradygmatu psychologii społecznej w stronę bardziej krytyczną i wrażliwą społecznie.
Astragalus Polysaccharides Enhance the Immune Response to Newcastle Disease Virus Vaccination in Chickens
Authors:   Department of Microbiology, college of veterinary medicine, University of Baghdad, Iraq., A.I Naji , S.J Huda ,   Department of Microbiology, college of veterinary medicine, University of Baghdad, Iraq.
Published: January 2021

This study was conducted to evaluated the effects of Astragalus polysaccharide on immune responses of chickens immunized with NDV Lasota vaccine. One hundred chickens at one-day-old( Ross breed) were brought , on five day of age, the average maternal serum Abs was measured by hemaglutination inhibition (HI) test and the titer was 3.43 log, and then divided into five equal groups in each group twenty chicks and on day 10 of age the Astragalus polysaccharide high concentration (APSH) group were given 0.5 ml at 400mg /100ml , the Astragalus polysaccharide medium concentration (APSM )group were given 0.5 ml at 200mg /100ml, the Astragalus polysaccharide low concentration (APSL) group were given 0.5 ml at 100mg /100ml , Vaccine control (VC) group were given 0.5 ml normal saline only, Negative control (NC ) group were given normal saline only , all groups orally administrated for four days. At 14 day of age, all chickens with the exception of NC group , were vaccinated with ND Lasota by Intraocular and Intranasal methods. Four blood sample from all groups were aspirated from jugular vein at 0h (before vaccination),6h,12h and 24h(after vaccination ) for determine of Chicken IL-6(Interleukin 6) by RT-PCR. On day 20and 30 of age after vaccination , three chicken were sampled randomly from each group to detect specific serum Antibody titer of NDV by HI test. On days 1,7,14,21after vaccination, four serum Samples from the same of chicken to determines IgA level by sandwich ELISA test. The cellular and humeral response including the production of cytokine IL-6 ( by RT-PCR test) were measured on 0h(before vaccination),6h,12h and 24h( after vaccination )and IgA antibody ( by ELISA test ) were measured on 1d,7d,14d,and 21days after vaccination and serum antibody titer Specific to NDV( by HI test ) were measured at age 20, and 30 days after vaccination evaluated by series of experiments. Results revealed that all the polysaccharide groups were numerically increased in antibody levels, the expression of IL-6and IgA level ,but three parameter were significant (𝑃 < 0.05) in the APSH group compared to corresponding (VC) vaccinated group and( NC) non –vaccinated group. These results suggest that orally administered APS could significantly enhance the efficacy of NDV vaccination and has important implications for the further use of APS as a novel adjuvant.
Astragalus Polysaccharides Enhance the Immune Response to Newcastle Disease Virus Vaccination in Chickens
Authors:   Department of Microbiology, college of veterinary medicine, University of Baghdad, Iraq., A .I . Naji , S.J Huda ,   Department of Microbiology, college of veterinary medicine, University of Baghdad, Iraq.
Published: January 2021

This study was conducted to evaluated the effects of Astragalus polysaccharide on immune responses of chickens immunized with NDV Lasota vaccine. One hundred chickens at one-day-old( Ross breed) were brought , on five day of age, the average maternal serum Abs was measured by hemaglutination inhibition (HI) test and the titer was 3.43 log, and then divided into five equal groups in each group twenty chicks and on day 10 of age the Astragalus polysaccharide high concentration (APSH) group were given 0.5 ml at 400mg /100ml , the Astragalus polysaccharide medium concentration (APSM )group were given 0.5 ml at 200mg /100ml, the Astragalus polysaccharide low concentration (APSL) group were given 0.5 ml at 100mg /100ml , Vaccine control (VC) group were given 0.5 ml normal saline only, Negative control (NC ) group were given normal saline only , all groups orally administrated for four days. At 14 day of age, all chickens with the exception of NC group , were vaccinated with ND Lasota by Intraocular and Intranasal methods. Four blood sample from all groups were aspirated from jugular vein at 0h (before vaccination),6h,12h and 24h(after vaccination ) for determine of Chicken IL-6(Interleukin 6) by RT-PCR. On day 20and 30 of age after vaccination , three chicken were sampled randomly from each group to detect specific serum Antibody titer of NDV by HI test. On days 1,7,14,21after vaccination, four serum Samples from the same of chicken to determines IgA level by sandwich ELISA test. The cellular and humeral response including the production of cytokine IL-6 ( by RT-PCR test) were measured on 0h(before vaccination),6h,12h and 24h( after vaccination )and IgA antibody ( by ELISA test ) were measured on 1d,7d,14d,and 21days after vaccination and serum antibody titer Specific to NDV( by HI test ) were measured at age 20, and 30 days after vaccination evaluated by series of experiments. Results revealed that all the polysaccharide groups were numerically increased in antibody levels, the expression of IL-6and IgA level ,but three parameter were significant (𝑃 < 0.05) in the APSH group compared to corresponding (VC) vaccinated group and( NC) non –vaccinated group. These results suggest that orally administered APS could significantly enhance the efficacy of NDV vaccination and has important implications for the further use of APS as a novel adjuvant.
Comparative analysis of floral volatiles between the ‘Hass’ variety and Antillean race avocado
Authors:   El Colegio de la Frontera Sur, Campuzano-Granados Álvaro J. , Cruz-López Leopoldo ,   El Colegio de la Frontera Sur
Published: January 2021

Mexico is the world's leading producer of ‘Hass’ avocado and the Antillean race avocado is grown in the south of the country. Avocado plant flowers produce a great variety of volatile compounds, which act as chemical signals to attract herbivores and pollinating insects, in addition to providing information for taxonomic purposes. The research aim was to identify and compare the floral volatiles between the ‘Hass’ and Antillean race avocado. Floral volatiles were captured by solid-phase microextraction, and identification was made by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Thirty-five compounds were identified as constituents of the flower aromas; most were monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes. α-Pinene, sabinene, β-pinene, (E)-linalool oxide, benzyl nitrile, lavandulol, methyl salicylate, α-copaene, β-gurjunene and γ-muurolene were only found in ‘Hass’ avocado flowers. The differences can help classify the two types of avocados analyzed into different races. Eventually, this information could be used to find out if these volatile compounds influence the interactions of avocado with its pollinating insects and herbivores.
Plant Hydraulic Transport Controls Transpiration Response to Soil
Water Stress
Authors: Sloan Brandon P. , Thompson Sally E. , Feng Xue
Published: January 2021

Abstract. Plant transpiration downregulation in the presence of soil water stress is a critical mechanism for predicting global water, carbon, and energy cycles. Currently, many terrestrial biosphere models (TBMs) represent this mechanism with an empirical correction function (β) of soil moisture – a convenient approach that can produce large prediction uncertainties. To reduce this uncertainty, TBMs have increasingly incorporated physically-based Plant Hydraulic Models (PHMs). However, PHMs introduce additional parameter uncertainty and computational demands. Therefore, understanding why and when PHM and β predictions diverge would usefully inform model selection within TBMs. Here, we use a minimalist PHM to demonstrate that coupling the effects of soil water stress and atmospheric moisture demand leads to a spectrum of transpiration response controlled by soil-plant hydraulic transport (conductance). Within this transport-limitation spectrum, β emerges as an end-member scenario of PHMs with infinite conductance, completely decoupling the effects of soil water stress and atmospheric moisture demand on transpiration. As a result, PHM and β transpiration predictions diverge most when conductance is low (transport-limited), atmospheric moisture demand variation is high, and soil moisture is moderately available to plants. We apply these minimalist model results to land surface modeling of an Ameriflux site. At this transport-limited site, a PHM downregulation scheme outperforms the β scheme due to its sensitivity to variations in atmospheric moisture demand. Based on this observation, we develop a new dynamic β that varies with atmospheric moisture demand – an approach that balances realism with parsimony and overcomes existing biases within β schemes.
Paulo Freire e a resistência à naturalização da ordem social vigente
Authors: Santos Lavoisier Almeida dosntos , Melo Valci , Cavalcante Maria do Socorro Aguiar de Oliveira
Published: January 2021

This work had as an objective to examine the importance and the utilization of Paulo Freire’s legacy for the comprehension of the nature of education, the social historic conditioning of school and the relationship of the pedagogical practice-social practice. For that, we analyzed a discursive event occurred in teaching institutions of the city of Maceió, Ceará, Brazil. In order to carry out this analysis, in addition to Freire’s theory, we relied on the theoretical-methodological assumptions of the Discourse Analysis, founded in France, by Michel Pêcheux, anchored in the Dialectical and Historical Materialism. From the analyzed case, we demonstrate that, contrary to the accusations that attribute to Freirean ideas the responsibility for the negative results of Brazilian education, what exists is the total absence of these ideas in the concrete reality of Brazilian schools today. This fact reaffirms the importance of his work as a point of resistance against conservative policies and excluding pedagogical practices.
A atualidade de Paulo Freire em tempos de pandemia: tecendo diálogos sobre os desafios da educação e do fazer docente
Authors: Araujo Mairce da Silva , Oliveira Daniel Pereira de , Trindade Regina Aparecida Correia , Nicolau Geisi dos Santos
Published: January 2021

In this article, at a time when we celebrate Paulo Freire’s centenary, we discuss the current moment crossed by profound crises. We problematize this context, especially with regard to the Brazilian educational scenario that experiences pressures for remote education in times of pandemic, looking in Freire’s legacy for clues to understand and seek answers to what we have lived and faced. We articulate Freire’s reference to the experiences lived by the Municipal Reference Center for Youth and Adult Education (Centro Municipal de Referência de Educação de Jovens e Adultos - CREJA), to the teaching work, tensioned by conservative projects, and the movement of lives understood in their potential for approximation and reflection in times of social distancing. We understand that revisiting Paulo Freire and having a dialog with his concepts is urgent and necessary, in the thickening for the densification of our actions and investigations in teacher education.
Entrevista com Peter McLaren: Discussões radicais e esperançosas sobre tempos de brutal conservadorismo - caminhos de luta e transformação à luz de Paulo Freire
Authors: Paula Lucimara Cristina de , Portella Bhianca Moro
Published: January 2021

Interview with Peter McLaren: Radical and hopefull discussions about times of brutal conservatism - paths of fight and transformation in the light of Paulo Freire
O conceito de habitus em Pierre Bourdieu: possibilidade de estudo na política de formação continuada do Pacto Nacional pela Alfabetização na Idade Certa
Authors: Pires Andréa de Paula , Schneckenberg Marisa
Published: January 2021

Based on the concepts of Pierre Bourdieu’s praxiology, this study proposes to present a discussion on the constitution of a habitus in continuous education of literacy teachers, based on the data from the research Continuous Training in National Pact for Literacy at Right Age - PNAIC - and the practice of literacy teachers in the city of Rio Azul – PR (Formação Continuada no Pacto Nacional Pela Alfabetização na Idade Certa – PNAIC – e a prática dos professores alfabetizadores no município de Rio Azul – PR), de Pires (2016), presented to the Stricto Sensu Graduate Program in Education at the Universidade Estadual do Centro Oeste - UNICENTRO. Such discussion took place from the voices and facts that influenced the implementation of PNAIC (context of influence), from the speeches contained in legal documents that materialized this policy (context of text production) and from the speeches of literacy teachers and study advisers of PNAIC (context of practice). Habitus is the generating and unifying principle that translates the intrinsic and relational characteristics of a position in a univocal lifestyle, that is, in a univocal range of choices, goods and practices. From the results, it was verified that the promising speeches of the policy of continuous education of PNAIC and the mention of the literacy teacher as the main and determining character in the literacy process constitute a habitus that meets the internal needs of the political field.
Recontextualização de discursos curriculares: um olhar a partir da epistemologia Fleckiana
Authors: Kreuz Kelly Karine , Leite Fabiane de Andrade
Published: January 2021

In order to identify hues of thought about the recontextualizing curricular discourses process, we conducted a qualitative approach research, under an epistemological bias, from the Ludwik Fleck´s epistemology (2010). Using academic researches as target, which use the Recontextualizing category by Hybridism proposed by Alice Casimiro Lopes. We look for aspects that can contribute for understandings qualification about the Brazilian curricular public policies construction/implementation process. Through content analysis in a master’s dissertation and two doctoral theses, it appears that there are changes in the discourses about the Recontextualizing by Hybridism category, that characterize hues of thought. The identified hues do not change significantly the meaning proposed by the author. However, the discussion raised throughout the research contributes to the epistemological debate, strengthening the perspective use in studies dealing with curriculum in Brazil.
Mirohelminthosporium gen. nov. for an atypical Helminthosporium species and H. matsushimae nom. nov.
Authors: Zhang Kai , Zhang He , Li De-Wei , Castañeda-Ruiz Rafael F.
Published: January 2021

Mirohelminthosporium is proposed as a new genus for Helminthosporium bigenum, characterized by polytretic and blastic conidial ontogeny on the apical conidiogenous cells. A replacement name, Helminthosporium matsushimae, is proposed for the illegitimate later homonym
H. cylindrosporum Matsush.
First record of Camarops petersii from eastern Europe
Authors: Popova Eugene , Volobuevb Sergey S.V.
Published: January 2021

The stromatic ascomycete Camarops petersii was recorded for the first time in Eastern Europe. It was found growing on Quercus robur wood, on a fallen trunk of a lightning stuck tree in Bryansk Oblast, next to the western border of Russia. The morphological description,
data on the distribution and habitat are provided. The modern distribution of C. petersii is confined mostly to the refugia of tertiary relict floras. All known European populations of Camarops petersii (including our own) are from north of the Alps, possibly established relatively
recently due to post-glacial colonization of the broadleaf forests. Future C. petersii populations may be found in the Mediterranean area and the Caucasus.
Similitrichoconis wongii gen. & sp. nov. from Ecuador
Authors: Vera Marcos , Sosa Daynet , Magdama Freddy , Quevedo Adela , Espinoza Fernando , Serrano Lizette , Villavicencio Mirian , Choez-Guaranda Ivan , Pérez-Martinez Simón , Castañeda-Ruiz Rafael F.
Published: January 2021

A new anamorphic genus and species Similitrichoconis wongii are described and illustrated. The fungus, found on submerged decaying leaf of an unidentified plant in Ecuador, is characterized by blastic production of obclavate to long fusiform, hyaline phragmoconidia that are
rostrate above, uncinate below, and produced by schizolytic conidial secession of clear to translucent conidiogenous cells.
First report of Hericium cirrhatum from Pakistan
Authors: Khan Junaid , Sher Hassan , Hussain Shah , Khalid Abdul Nasir
Published: January 2021

Hericium cirrhatum, a widespread but locally rare tooth fungus is reported for the first time from Pakistan. This species is characterized by white to cream semicircular basidiomata (usually arranged in tiers) with a granular to slightly spiny sterile upper surface, a fertile
under surface with 10–15 mm long pointed spines, and ellipsoid to subglobose basidiospores. Morphological characters and DNA sequence analyses inferred from the nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer region (nrITS) confirm the identity of the taxon.
Three placodioid species of Lecanoraceae new for China
Authors: Lü Lei , Yang Yu-Hong , He Jin-Xing
Published: January 2021

Three placodioid lichen species, Lecanora valesiaca, Protoparmeliopsis sierrae, and Rhizoplaca phaedrophthalma, are reported for the first time from China. Detailed taxonomic descriptions with high resolution photographs, chemistry, remarks, and distribution are
provided.
Jahnoporus oreinus, a rare fungus found in high-altitude moist temperate forests of Pakistan
Authors: Khan Junaid , Sher Hassan , Hussain Shah , Khalid Abdul Nasir
Published: January 2021

Jahnoporus oreinus was collected on a buried decomposing roots of spruce during an excursion in the high altitudinal moist temperate forests in the Gabin Jabba valley of district Swat, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. This species, previously reported from the Russian Far East,
represents a new record for the Pakistani mycoflora. This is the first report of the genus Jahnoporus in Pakistan.
Article Review: Internship Satisfaction Determinants Among Undergraduates in the Service Industry
Authors: Ruslan Syafinaz , Mohamad Siti Fatimah , Juhari Nurul Hanisah , Abdul Karim Muhammad Shahrim
Published: January 2021

An internship program is integrated into higher learning institutions curriculum. It is aimed to cultivate students ability in applying knowledge from classrooms to practices. Internship satisfaction is identified as one of the focal points to assess the effectiveness of an internship program. Nonetheless, only little studies reviewed the determinants of internship satisfaction, particularly within the service-oriented industry. Thus, the main objective of this study was to review factors that influence internship satisfaction in the service industry, particularly the hospitality industry. Besides, the importance of internship in developing self-competencies among students is also discussed. A number of articles were obtained from two different databases, using keywords related to the topic. The articles were carefully examined, derived from relevant disciplines in the service industry: hospitality and tourism, business, sports management, education, and human resource. Main determinants of the internship satisfaction were clustered into five categories: individual factors, job characteristics, organisational environment, contextual factors, and career potential. Besides, the importance of internship experiences in fostering students self-competencies were discussed, including interpersonal skills, problem-solving, self-confidence, and knowledge about the job market. Findings on this paper are anticipated to extend the literature review on internship research and assist internship stakeholders in structuring a well-rounded internship program. As this paper is only based on traditional literature reviews, it has a limitation in its methodology. Hence, future research is recommended to use a structured methodology such as systematic reviews or scoping reviews.
Temporal and seasonal trends of hospitalization and mortality associated with necrotizing fasciitis: A retrospective study of 12 years (2002–2013)
Authors: Mekkodathil Ahammed , El-Menyar Ayman , Natesa Mudali Insolvisagan , Al-Sulaiti Maryam , Shaikh Nissar , Al-Thani Hassan
Published: January 2021

Background: Necrotizing fasciitis (NF) is a rare but aggressive infection that affects the superficial fascia and progressively destroys the tissue between the skin and underlying muscles. It is a surgical emergency with significant morbidity and mortality. This study aimed to explore the temporal and seasonal trends in NF infection in Qatar. Methods: A total of 327 patients diagnosed with NF, aged ≥ 18 years, and admitted to the Hamad General Hospital, Qatar, in 2002–2013 were retrospectively reviewed. The hospitalization and mortality rates in the general population in Qatar and the case fatality rate (CFR) were calculated for each year. The patients were grouped into summer, autumn, winter, and spring admissions based on their admission dates. Seasonality was studied by comparing the characteristics, bacteriological status, and outcomes of the patients admitted in different seasons. Results: The hospitalization rate of NF in Qatar was 2.9 per 100,000 population; in the study duration, this rate decreased from 2.8 to 1.6 per 100,000 population in 2002 and 2013, respectively. The mortality rate among NF cases increased from 1.9 to 3.6 per million population, and the CFR increased from 6.7 to 23 per 100 admissions in the same duration. No temporal trends in the hospitalization and mortality rates or CFR were evident in the study duration. Polybacterial infections were higher in autumn than in other seasons. Monobacterial Gram-positive infections were higher in spring than in other seasons, and monobacterial Gram-negative infections were higher in summer than in other seasons (p = 0.02). However, seasonality was not evident after further analysis in terms of species, severity, complications, length of hospital stays, and CFR in patients with NF. Conclusion: No clear trend or seasonality was observed in terms of outcomes; however, seasonality in NF-causing bacteria was evident, as polybacterial infections were significantly higher in autumn than in other seasons, whereas monobacterial infections were more frequent in spring and summer than in other seasons. However, the severity of infections, length of hospital stay, and mortality did not significantly vary. Further microbiological studies are needed to obtain confirmatory data regarding the temporal and seasonal trends of NF.
The deleterious effect of intracardiac pacing leads on right ventricular function
Authors: Nadar Sunil K , Mujtaba Shaikh Muhammad , Al Jabri Sheikha , Najeeb Rawahi Mohamed
Published: January 2021

Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate the progression of tricuspid regurgitation (TR) in patients with pacemaker leads across the tricuspid valve and assess the clinical effect on right ventricular (RV) function.

Methods: Patients who had undergone permanent pacemaker implantation at our institution over an 8-year period were identified. Those who had an echo (for any indication) pre- and postdevice implantation were included in this study, and their data assessed. Clinical information was obtained from their medical records. A total of 65 patients (mean age 70 ± 13 years, 31 (48%) males, and 34 (52%) females) were enrolled in the study.

Results: The median interval of echo after implantation was 12 (12 to 24) months. Before implantation, 29 patients had TR, which increased to 51 (78%) during follow up, indicating that 22 patients developed new TR. Of those with preexisting TR, the grade of TR had worsened by at least one grade in 17 patients. RV function as measured by tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (TAPSE) had decreased from 1.87 ± 0.44 to 1.68 ± 0.42 (p = 0.002). Eighteen patients had developed signs of right heart failure (either breathlessness with raised jugular venous pressure or pedal edema or both), of which 13 had only new pedal edema.

Conclusion: There is a definite progression of TR in patients with a pacing lead across the tricuspid valve (TV) associated with an increase in the incidence of right heart failure. Patients with a pacing lead across the TV should be followed closely for signs of right heart failure.