bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Self-assembly of nanocrystals into strongly electronically coupled all-inorganic supercrystals
Authors: Coropceanu Igor , Janke Eric M. , Portner Joshua , Haubold Danny , Nguyen Trung Dac , Das Avishek , Tanner Christian P. N. , Utterback James K. , Teitelbaum Samuel W. , Hudson ¸ Margaret H. , Sarma Nivedina A. , Hinkle Alex M. , Tassone Christopher J. , Eychmüller Alexander , Limmer David T. , Olvera de la Cruz Monica , Ginsberg Naomi S. , Talapin Dmitri V.
Published: March 2022

Colloidal nanocrystals of metals, semiconductors, and other functional materials can self-assemble into long-range ordered crystalline and quasicrystalline phases, but insulating organic surface ligands prevent the development of collective electronic states in ordered nanocrystal assemblies. We reversibly self-assembled colloidal nanocrystals of gold, platinum, nickel, lead sulfide, and lead selenide with conductive inorganic ligands into supercrystals exhibiting optical and electronic properties consistent with strong electronic coupling between the constituent nanocrystals. The phase behavior of charge-stabilized nanocrystals can be rationalized and navigated with phase diagrams computed for particles interacting through short-range attractive potentials. By finely tuning interparticle interactions, the assembly was directed either through one-step nucleation or nonclassical two-step nucleation pathways. In the latter case, the nucleation was preceded by the formation of two metastable colloidal fluids.
A structural basis for amylin receptor phenotype
Authors: Cao Jianjun , Belousoff Matthew J. , Liang Yi-Lynn , Johnson Rachel M. , Josephs Tracy M. , Fletcher Madeleine M. , Christopoulos Arthur , Hay Debbie L. , Danev Radostin , Wootten Denise , Sexton Patrick M.
Published: March 2022

Amylin receptors (AMYRs) are heterodimers of the calcitonin (CT) receptor (CTR) and one of three receptor activity–modifying proteins (RAMPs), AMY
1
R, AMY
2
R, and AMY
3
R. Selective AMYR agonists and dual AMYR/CTR agonists are being developed as obesity treatments; however, the molecular basis for peptide binding and selectivity is unknown. We determined the structure and dynamics of active AMYRs with amylin, AMY
1
R with salmon CT (sCT), AMY
2
R with sCT or human CT (hCT), and CTR with amylin, sCT, or hCT. The conformation of amylin-bound complexes was similar for all AMYRs, constrained by the RAMP, and an ordered midpeptide motif that we call the bypass motif. The CT-bound AMYR complexes were distinct, overlapping the CT-bound CTR complexes. Our findings indicate that activation of AMYRs by CT-based peptides is distinct from their activation by amylin-based peptides. This has important implications for the development of AMYR therapeutics.
Will the European Health Data Space change data sharing rules?
Authors: Shabani Mahsa
Published: March 2022

Questions of consent and public interest research loom large
Giant electromechanical effects in polymers
Authors: Wang Zhong-Xia , Liao Wei-Qiang
Published: March 2022

A four-ingredient polymer chain has record-breaking piezoelectric capability
Understanding T cell responses to COVID-19 is essential for informing public health strategies
Authors: Vardhana Santosha , Baldo Lance , Morice William G. , Wherry E. John
Published: March 2022

Durable T cell responses to SARS-CoV-2 antigens after infection or vaccination improve immune-mediated viral clearance. To date, population-based surveys of COVID-19 adaptive immunity have focused on testing for IgG antibodies that bind spike protein and/or neutralize the virus. Deployment of existing methods for measuring T cell immunity could provide a more complete profile of immune status, informing public health policies and interventions.
Dead but Not Forgotten: How Extracellular DNA, Moisture, and Space Modulate the Horizontal Transfer of Extracellular Antibiotic Resistance Genes in Soil
Authors: Kittredge Heather A. , Dougherty Kevin M. , Evans Sarah E.
Published: March 2022

Bacterial death can release eARGs into the environment. Agricultural soils can contain upwards of 10
9
ARGs g
−1
soil, which may facilitate the movement of eARGs from dead to live bacteria through a mechanism of horizontal gene transfer called natural transformation.
Role of MUC5B during Group B Streptococcal Vaginal Colonization
Authors: Burcham Lindsey R. , Bath Jade R. , Werlang Caroline A. , Lyon Laurie M. , Liu Naoko , Evans Christopher , Ribbeck Katharina , Doran Kelly S.
Published: March 2022

Mucin glycoproteins are a major component that contributes to the complexity of the female reproductive tract (FRT). Group B
Streptococcus
(GBS) is present in the FRT of 25–30% of healthy women, but during pregnancy can ascend to the uterus to cause preterm birth and fetal infection
in utero.
Here we show that a prominent mucin found in the FRT, MUC5B, promotes host defense by inhibiting GBS interaction with epithelial cells found in the FRT and ascension from the vagina to the uterus
in vivo
.
Visualizing Pyrazinamide Action by Live Single-Cell Imaging of Phagosome Acidification and Mycobacterium tuberculosis pH Homeostasis
Authors: Santucci Pierre , Aylan Beren , Botella Laure , Bernard Elliott M. , Bussi Claudio , Pellegrino Enrica , Athanasiadi Natalia , Gutierrez Maximiliano G.
Published: March 2022

We still do not completely understand why tuberculosis (TB) treatment requires the combination of several antibiotics for up to 6 months.
M. tuberculosis
is a facultative intracellular pathogen, and it is still unknown whether heterogenous and dynamic intracellular populations of bacteria in different cellular environments affect antibiotic efficacy. By developing a dual live imaging approach to monitor mycobacterial pH homeostasis, host cell environment, and antibiotic action, we show here that intracellular localization of
M. tuberculosis
affects the efficacy of one first-line anti-TB drug.
Comparison of the Respiratory Resistomes and Microbiota in Children Receiving Short versus Standard Course Treatment for Community-Acquired Pneumonia
Authors: Pettigrew M. M. , Kwon J. , Gent J. F. , Kong Y. , Wade M. , Williams D. J. , Creech C. B. , Evans S. , Pan Q. , Walter E. B. , Martin J. M. , Gerber J. S. , Newland J. G. , Hofto M. E. , Staat M. A. , Fowler V. G. , Chambers H. F. , Huskins W. C.
Published: March 2022

Antibiotic resistance is a major threat to public health. Treatment strategies involving shorter antibiotic courses have been proposed as a strategy to lower the potential for antibiotic resistance.
Draft Genome Sequence of a Uropathogenic Escherichia coli Sequence Type 44 Strain Carrying Multiple Antimicrobial Resistance Genes
Authors: Ortega-Balleza Jessica L. , Guerrero Abraham , Castro-Escarpulli Graciela , Cruz-González Eduardo , Rivera Gildardo , Bocanegra-García Virgilio
Published: March 2022

Escherichia coli
is a reservoir of antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs). Here, we report the draft genome sequence of an
E. coli
strain (31HGR-CBG) that was isolated from a urine sample in Tamaulipas, Mexico. 31HGR-CBG harbors multiple ARGs, including
bla
CTX-M-15
and class 1 integron. This strain also carries multiple virulence genes.
Clostridioides difficile Infection Dysregulates Brain Dopamine Metabolism
Authors: Vinithakumari Akhil A. , Padhi Piyush , Hernandez Belen , Lin Susanne Je-Han , Dunkerson-Kurzhumov Aaron , Showman Lucas , Breitzman Matthew , Stokes Caroline , Sulaiman Yousuf , Tangudu Chandra , Kuttappan Deepa A. , Muyyarikkandy Muhammed S. , Willette Auriel A. , Phillips Gregory J. , Anantharam Vellareddy , Perera Ann , Sponseller Brett A. , Kanthasamy Anumantha , Mooyottu Shankumar
Published: March 2022

The gut-brain axis is thought to play a significant role in the development and manifestation of neurologic diseases. This study reports significant alterations in the brain dopamine metabolism in mice infected with
C. difficile
, an important pathogen that overgrows in the gut after prolonged antibiotic therapy. Such alterations in specific brain regions may have an effect on the precipitation or manifestation of neurodevelopmental disorders in humans.
Identifying Bacterial Airways Infection in Stable Severe Asthma Using Oxford Nanopore Sequencing Technologies
Authors: Jabeen Maisha F. , Sanderson Nicholas D. , Foster Dona , Crook Derrick W. , Cane Jennifer L. , Borg Catherine , Connolly Clare , Thulborn Samantha , Pavord Ian D. , Klenerman Paul , Street Teresa L. , Hinks Timothy S. C.
Published: March 2022

The human airways were once thought sterile in health. Now metagenomic techniques suggest bacteria may be present, but their role in asthma is not understood.
Episodic fluid flow in an eclogite-facies shear zone: Insights from Li isotope zoning in garnet
Authors: Hoover William F. , Penniston-Dorland Sarah , Baumgartner Lukas , Bouvier Anne-Sophie , Dragovic Besim , Locatelli Michele , Angiboust Samuel , Agard Philippe
Published: March 2022

Episodic fluid overpressure and escape is invoked as a cause or consequence of many subduction-zone seismic phenomena but can be challenging to constrain in exhumed high-pressure metamorphic rocks. In situ measurements of lithium isotopes in garnet reveal evidence of episodic fluid transport in a subduction shear zone now exposed in the Monviso ophiolite (Western Alps). Garnet from an eclogite block and associated metasomatic reaction rind was analyzed by secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS). All analyzed garnet preserves core-rim zoning in δ7Li and large negative δ7Li excursions (NEs) in mantles. These excursions cannot be explained by instrumental mass fractionation during analysis, equilibrium fractionation, or intracrystalline diffusion of Li within garnet. Instead, NEs were produced by kinetic fractionation of Li isotopes during bulk diffusion through a pore fluid, and the fractionated isotopic compositions were incorporated into garnet by syn-diffusion growth. Disequilibrium garnet growth textures associated with negative δ7Li support this interpretation and suggest metasomatism drove rapid garnet growth. Four distinct NEs were identified requiring that at least four pulses of fluid were transported within the adjacent shear zone. This evidence of episodic fluid transport along a subduction shear zone at eclogite facies supports models of intermediate-depth seismicity that rely on cyclic fluid overpressure and escape.
Deformation and metasomatism recorded by single-grain apatite petrochronology
Authors: Odlum Margaret L. , Levy Drew A. , Stockli Daniel F. , Stockli Lisa D. , DesOrmeau Joel W.
Published: March 2022

The timing and processes of ductile deformation and metasomatism can be documented using apatite petrochronology. We integrated microstructural, U-Pb, and geochemical analyses of apatite grains from an exhumed mylonitic shear zone in the St. Barthélémy Massif, Pyrenees, France, to understand how deformation and metasomatism are recorded by U-Pb dates and geochemical patterns. Electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) analyses documents crystal plastic deformation characterized by low-angle boundaries (<5°) associated with dislocation creep and evidence of multiple slip systems. Laser ablation–inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) U-Pb maps indicate that dates in deformed grains reflect, and are governed by, low-angle dislocation boundaries. Apatite rare earth element (REE) and U-Pb behavior is decoupled in high-grade gneiss samples, suggesting REEs record higher-temperature processes than U-Pb isotopic systems. Apatite from (ultra)mylonitic portions of the shear zone showed evidence of metasomatism, and the youngest dates constrain the age of metasomatism. Collectively, these results demonstrate that crystal plastic microstructures and fluid interactions can markedly change apatite isotopic signatures, making single-grain apatite petrochronology a powerful tool for dating and characterizing the latest major deformation and/or fluid events, which are often not captured by higher-temperature chronometers.
Groundwater age persistence in topography-driven groundwater flow over paleohydrogeologic time scales
Authors: Xie Yueqing , Love Andrew J. , Simmons Craig T. , Costar Adrian , Wu Jichun
Published: March 2022

The Pleistocene-Holocene climate transition resulted in a dramatic reduction in groundwater recharge in many aquifers in arid and semiarid regions throughout the world. This study conducted numerical experiments to compare the evolution of groundwater hydraulics and age patterns in arid and semiarid aquifers in response to transient conditions associated with recharge decline from the Pleistocene to the Holocene. Our results show that after a rapid reduction in recharge, the amplitude of water-table undulations and regional groundwater slope both reduced. This resulted in a general, and relatively rapid, contraction of local flow systems and an increase in the extent of intermediate and regional systems. The previous hierarchy of local, intermediate, and regional flow systems was completely replaced by largely horizontal and regional flow patterns after ~10,000 yr. However, in stark contrast, we observed that the original Pleistocene age patterns have remained almost unchanged throughout the 10,000 yr Holocene period. Thus, groundwater age is more likely to be indicative of past rather than current flow systems. Consequently, due to this age persistence, the use of modern groundwater age data to calibrate models or compute recharge with methods that do not account for this potentially significant spatial and temporal mismatch between age and hydraulics will be misleading and erroneous. This has significant implications for hydrogeologic analyses. The findings of this study may also apply to areas that have undergone dramatic changes in land cover or land use that strongly influence transient groundwater recharge processes.
Nanoscale isotopic evidence resolves origins of giant Carlin-type ore deposits
Authors: Holley E.A. , Fulton A. , Jilly-Rehak C. , Johnson C. , Pribil M.
Published: March 2022

The western North American Great Basin's Carlin-type deposits represent the largest accumulation of gold in the Northern Hemisphere. The controversy over their origins echoes the debate between Neptunists and Plutonists at the birth of modern geology: were the causative processes meteoric or magmatic? Sulfur isotopes have long been considered key to decoding metal cycling in the Earth's crust, but previous studies of Carlin-type pyrite lacked the spatial resolution to quantify differences among the numerous generations of sulfide mineralization. We developed a new dual-method, nanoscale approach to examine the fine-grained ore pyrite. The δ34S of the ore pyrite varies systematically with Au concentration at the nanoscale, indicating that both magmatic and meteoric fluids contributed during mineralization, but the magmas brought the gold. Repeated oscillations in fluid ratios upgraded the metal content, resulting in high gold endowment. Our results demonstrate that high-spatial-resolution studies are key to elucidate the spatiotemporal evolution of complex hydrothermal systems.
Reconstructing source-to-sink systems from detrital zircon core and rim ages
Authors: Liu Li , Stockli Daniel F. , Lawton Timothy F. , Xu Jie , Stockli Lisa D. , Fan Majie , Nadon Gregory C.
Published: March 2022

Grenville-age (1.3–0.9 Ga) zircons represent one of the most ubiquitous detrital zircon (DZ) age modes on Earth. In North America, given the widespread occurrence of Grenville basement, Grenville DZs are commonly viewed as nondiagnostic with regard to source region in provenance studies. Systematic recovery of DZ core-rim U-Pb ages makes it possible to identify and differentiate previously indistinguishable basement source terranes by leveraging their multistage tectono-magmatic evolution. Our analysis demonstrates that Grenville DZs exhibit distinct rim ages in different parts of the North American Paleozoic Appalachian-Ouachita-Marathon foreland. Whereas Grenville DZ grains in the eastern foreland, sourced from the southern Appalachian orogen in the eastern United States, exhibit Taconian and Acadian (490–350 Ma) rims, grains in the western foreland, derived from Mexico, mainly show Neoproterozoic (750–500 Ma) rim ages. This difference permits differentiation of nondiagnostic core ages by their distinctive rim ages. Furthermore, core-rim paired ages can illuminate potential genetic relationships among coexisting age components in DZ spectra, thereby indicating whether the DZs are derived from separate sources or from a single source with multistage tectono-magmatic histories. Thus, DZ rim-core ages can provide critical insights into reconstructing global source-to-sink systems and elucidating genetic linkages within multistage orogenic systems.
Revealing early life history of brown trout in an impaired watershed through otolith geochemistry
Authors: Cook Nathan A. , Bourret Samuel L.
Published: March 2022

Early life history data are critical for conservation and management of trout species in freshwater river networks and are imperative for planning habitat restoration in degraded watersheds. In this study, we use otolith geochemical signatures to assign natal provenance and determine age of tributary outmigration for fluvial brown trout ( Salmo trutta) in the Upper Clark Fork River watershed, a large impaired river network. Distinct spatial variations in chemical markers allowed for accurate assignment of fish to their stream of origin and often to specific natal sites. All 10 natal tributaries investigated in this study contributed brown trout to the mainstem and most fish migrated from tributaries to the mainstem during age 1. Mainstem natal habitats, previously thought to be limited by pollution, contributed 29% of the total natal production. Our results indicate that trout in the Upper Clark Fork River use spawning and rearing habitats that are spread throughout the basin. Thus, restoration strategies should focus on maintaining and enhancing a broad variety of habitats and life histories to be successful.
An inclusive and diverse governance structure of the strategy for patient-oriented research (SPOR) Evidence Alliance
Authors: Lunny Carole , Zarin Wasifa , Chaudhry Sabrina , Thomas Sonia M. , LeBlanc Annie , Desroches Sophie , Horsley Tanya , Colquhoun Heather , Sanon Priscille-Nice , Downey Minnie , Goodarzi Zahra , Baxter Nancy N. , English Kelly , PausJenssen Elliot , McQuitty Shanon , Wilhelm Linda , McKinnon Annette , Hoens Alison M. , Li Linda C. , Clement Fiona , Curran Janet A. , Abou-Setta Ahmed M. , Godfrey Christina , Moher David , Moffitt Pertice , Walker Jennifer , Jull Janet , Koehn Cheryl , Isaranuwatchai Wanrudee , Straus Sharon E. , Tricco Andrea C.
Published: March 2022

The Strategy for Patient Oriented Research (SPOR) Evidence Alliance is a research initiative in Canada whose mission is to promote the synthesis, dissemination, and integration of research results into health care and public health decision-making and clinical practice. The aim of this paper is to ( i) outline the governance and committee structure of the SPOR Evidence Alliance, ( ii) outline the procedures for patient and health system decision-maker engagement, and ( iii) present the capacity-building strategy for governance members. The governance structure includes the following six standing committees: the International Advisory Committee, Steering Committee, Executive Committee, Knowledge Translation Committee, Partnerships Committee, and Training and Capacity Development Committee. The guiding principles embrace inclusiveness, support, mutual respect, transparency, and co-building. There are currently 64 committee members across the six committees, 13 patient and public partners, 8 health system decision-makers, 7 research trainees, and 36 researchers. A multi-disciplinary and diverse group of people in Canada are represented from all regions and at various levels of training in knowledge generation, exchange, and translation. This collaborative model makes the SPOR Evidence Alliance strong and sustainable by leveraging the knowledge, lived experiences, expertise, skills, and networks among its 342 members and 12 principal investigators.
Effective potentials and orbits in Weyl slender disk
Authors: Capistrano Abraão J. S. , Kalb Mônica C. , Coimbra-Araújo Carlos H.
Published: March 2022

By using geodesic equations to obtain a gravitational potential generated from an initially point-like source, we end up in the concept of a nearly Newtonian gravity to analyse effective potentials of quasi-circular orbits. By means of an approximate solution from an axially static and symmetric Weyl metric, we provide a numerical study on effective gravitational potential to investigate the character of motion in the meridional plane of an axially symmetric galaxy model obtaining periodic regular box orbits. Moreover, as a test for a toy model and using as initial condition a Plummer sphere, some initial prospects on star N-body simulation of cluster disruption were obtained for clusters with mass about $$3\times 10^4\;M_{\odot }$$

3
×

10
4

M
⊙

. In the studied cases, our results suggest that such disruptions are caused mostly by their gravitational processes than baryonic content in accordance with $$\varLambda $$
Λ
CDM bottom-up hierarchy.
Constraints on the dimensionality of space
Authors: Petway C. A. , Orlando R. D. , McNamara A. M. , Zweig E. A. , Caminada B. C. , Kincaid E. J. , Landgraf C. V. , Mohs C. M. , Schiff M. L. , Fischbach E.
Published: March 2022

Complex structures can only form in a universe that allows for bound states. While this is clearly observed in three dimensions, added degrees of freedom in a higher-dimensional space preclude the immediate assumption that binding potentials can in fact exist. In this paper, we derive a constraint on the dimensionality of a universe in the presence of an arbitrary set of forces. We then apply this constraint to systems with several example potentials. In doing so, we find that bound states in higher than three dimensions are in fact possible under specific circumstances which we characterize. One implication of this work is that certain anomalous phenomena, such as light from stars/galaxies apparently emerging/disappearing, could be evidence of extra spatial dimensions.
A Practical Stress Correction Method for Improving Stability of State-Based Peridynamics Based on Stress Equilibrium Equation
Authors: Gu Quan , Lin Zhe , Wang Lei , Sun Baoyin , Pan Jinghao
Published: March 2022

State-based peridynamics (SPD) is effective for simulating fracture and damage in different materials. However, the solutions may suffer from numerical instabilities, particularly for strong nonlinearity cases or large displacement cases, leading to inaccurate predictions or oscillation in responses. This paper proposed a novel practical method to solve the instability problem of SPD based on stress equilibrium equation, referred to herein as the stress correction method (SCM). A correction force is applied on each SPD point surrounding the loading points. The correction force is defined as the difference between an internal force obtained by the stress equilibrium equation and that obtained by the force states of the SPD. Four examples are presented herein to verify the accuracy and stability of the proposed method in various conditions, e.g. static and dynamic analyses of elastic and plastic models subjected to force and displacement boundary conditions.
Automation and Coupling of Models for Coastal Flood Forecasting in South Texas
Authors: Hernandez Cesar Davila , Davila Sara , Flores Martin , Ho Jungseok , Kim Dong-Chul
Published: March 2022

Forecasting natural disasters such as inundations can be of great help for emergency bodies and first responders. In coastal communities, this risk is often associated with storm surge. To produce flood forecasts for coastal communities, a system must incorporate models capable of simulating such events based on forecasted weather conditions. In this work, a system for forecasting inundations based predominantly on storm surge is explored. An automation and a coupling strategy were implemented to produce forecasted flood maps automatically. The system leverages an ocean circulation model and a channel water flow model to estimate flood events in South Texas specially alongside the Lower Laguna Madre. The system around the models is implemented using Python and the meteorological forcing input is obtained from weather forecasting models maintained by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. The forecasted weather data retrieval, data processing and automation of the models are successful, and the complete stack of software can be deployed locally or in cloud solutions to accelerate computations. The resulting system performs as expected and successfully produces flood maps automatically providing vital information for flood emergency management in coastal communities.
Semantic Models for the First-Stage Retrieval: A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Guo Jiafeng , Cai Yinqiong , Fan Yixing , Sun Fei , Zhang Ruqing , Cheng Xueqi
Published: March 2022

Multi-stage ranking pipelines have been a practical solution in modern search systems, where the first-stage retrieval is to return a subset of candidate documents and latter stages attempt to re-rank those candidates. Unlike re-ranking stages going through quick technique shifts over the past decades, the first-stage retrieval has long been dominated by classical term-based models. Unfortunately, these models suffer from the vocabulary mismatch problem, which may block re-ranking stages from relevant documents at the very beginning. Therefore, it has been a long-term desire to build semantic models for the first-stage retrieval that can achieve high recall efficiently. Recently, we have witnessed an explosive growth of research interests on the first-stage semantic retrieval models. We believe it is the right time to survey current status, learn from existing methods, and gain some insights for future development. In this article, we describe the current landscape of the first-stage retrieval models under a unified framework to clarify the connection between classical term-based retrieval methods, early semantic retrieval methods, and neural semantic retrieval methods. Moreover, we identify some open challenges and envision some future directions, with the hope of inspiring more research on these important yet less investigated topics.
High-performance 3D Unstructured Mesh Deformation Using Rank Structured Matrix Computations
Authors: Alomairy Rabab , Bader Wael , Ltaief Hatem , Mesri Youssef , Keyes David
Published: March 2022

The Radial Basis Function (RBF) technique is an interpolation method that produces high-quality unstructured adaptive meshes. However, the RBF-based boundary problem necessitates solving a large dense linear system with cubic arithmetic complexity that is computationally expensive and prohibitive in terms of memory footprint. In this article, we accelerate the computations of 3D unstructured mesh deformation based on RBF interpolations by exploiting the rank structured property of the matrix operator. The main idea consists in approximating the matrix off-diagonal tiles up to an application-dependent accuracy threshold. We highlight the robustness of our multiscale solver by assessing its numerical accuracy using realistic 3D geometries. In particular, we model the 3D mesh deformation on a population of the novel coronaviruses. We report and compare performance results on various parallel systems against existing state-of-the-art matrix solvers.
Supplemental oxygen administration during mechanical ventilation reduces diaphragm blood flow and oxygen delivery
Authors: Horn Andrew G. , Kunkel Olivia N. , Schulze Kiana M. , Baumfalk Dryden R. , Weber Ramona E. , Poole David C. , Behnke Bradley J.
Published: March 2022

This is the first study, to our knowledge, demonstrating that supplemental oxygen (i.e., 100% O2) during mechanical ventilation (MV) augments the MV-induced reductions in bulk and regional diaphragmatic blood flow and O2delivery. The accelerated reduction in diaphragmatic blood flow herein with hyperoxic MV would be expected to potentiate MV-induced diaphragm vascular dysfunction and consequently, downstream contractile dysfunction. The data presented herein provide a putative mechanism for the exacerbated oxidative stress and diaphragm dysfunction reported with prolonged hyperoxic MV.
A randomized, crossover, placebo controlled, double-blind trial of the effects of tiotropium-olodaterol on neuromuscular performance during exercise in COPD
Authors: Cao Min , Calmelat Robert A. , Kierstead Peter , Carraro Nicolo , Stringer William W. , Porszasz Janos , Casaburi Richard , Rossiter Harry B.
Published: March 2022

Bronchodilation is known to increase forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) and reduce hyperinflation in COPD. In a randomized controlled trial, we investigated whether combined inhaled long-acting β-agonist and muscarinic antagonist would alleviate maximal voluntary neuromuscular performance fatigue or enhance maximal muscle activation during cycling in patients with COPD. Despite increased FEV1, combination bronchodilator therapy did not reduce neuromuscular performance fatigue or enhance muscle activity or exercise tolerance in patients with mild-to-severe COPD.
Acute effect of passive heat exposure on markers of cardiometabolic function in adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Behzadi Parya , Ravanelli Nicholas , Gravel Hugo , Barry Hadiatou , Debray Amélie , Chaseling Georgia K. , Jacquemet Vincent , Neagoe Paul-Eduard , Nigam Anil , Carpentier André C. , Sirois Martin G. , Gagnon Daniel
Published: March 2022

Heat therapy has been shown to improve markers of cardiometabolic health in preclinical and clinical studies. However, the effects of heat therapy in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) remain understudied. We examined the acute effect of hot water immersion on glucose tolerance, flow-mediated dilation, reactive hyperemia, inflammatory markers, and heat shock proteins in adults with T2DM. Hot water immersion did not acutely improve the markers studied.
Sex Differences in the TyG Index and Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Metabolically Obese Normal Weight Phenotype
Authors: Xu Xiaoyang , Bhagavathula Akshaya Srikanth , Zhang Yong , Ryan Paul M. , Rahmani Jamal , Qi Xiaoya
Published: March 2022

Background. The triglyceride glucose (TyG) index is a novel surrogate marker of insulin resistance and increases cardiovascular disease risk. We sought to explore sex differences in the relationship between TyG and cardiovascular (CV) risk factors in metabolically obese normal weight (MONW) phenotype. Method. We analyzed data of 1208 healthy men and nonpregnant women enrolled in a population-based longitudinal study from January 2017–June 2020. MONW phenotype was defined by normal body mass index (BMI: 18–<25 kg/m2) with at least one of the following metabolic disorders (MONW phenotype): elevated blood pressure (BP), hypertriglyceridemia, hyperglycemia, and low HDL cholesterol. Multiple logistic regression analysis was performed to assess the association between elevated TyG index and the CV risk factors in women and men and was presented in odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence interval (CI). Results. Of 1208 subjects, 350 (29%) were MONW phenotype (mean age (years): male: 43.5 ± 12.4 and female: 43.1 ± 12.7) and 858 were metabolically healthy normal weight (MHNW; n = 858 (71%)). MONW women had higher mean values of the TyG index (8.03 ± 5.07) than men (7.47 ± 4.68). Multivariate analysis revealed that the elevated TyG index is significantly associated with MONW phenotype in women (adjusted OR: 8.73, 95% CI: 5.62–13.57) and men (aOR: 5.90, 95% CI: 4.23–8.23). TyG was found to be an excellent predictor of MONW status in both women (receiver operating characteristic (ROC) area under the curve (AUC): 0.979, 95% CI: 0.969–0.988) and men (ROC-AUC: 0.968, 95% CI: 0.952–0.983). Conclusion. Our study revealed that the TyG index may represent a cost-effective and informative screening tool for the high-risk MONW phenotype.
Characterization of Aging-Related Genes to Predict Prognosis and Evaluate the Tumor Immune Microenvironment in Malignant Melanoma
Authors: Zeng Ni , Guo Chenrui , Wang Yajun , Li Lin , Chen Xi , Gao Shaoying , Jiang Feng , Cao Bilan
Published: March 2022

Objective. Malignant melanoma (MM) is one of the most malignant types of skin cancer and its incidence and mortality rates are increasing worldwide. Aging is well recognized as a significant risk factor for cancer. However, few studies have analyzed in depth the association between aging-related genes (AGs) and malignant melanoma prognosis with tumor immune microenvironment. Methods. Here, we downloaded 471 MM patients from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) with RNA sequence and clinicopathological data. 58 AGs from the TCGA dataset were examined using Cox regression and the LASSO assay. As a result, a gene signature for aging-related genes was created. The time-dependent ROC curve and Kaplan–Meier analysis were calculated to determine its predictive capability. Moreover, we created a nomogram for the clinicopathologic variables and the AGs gene signature to determine overall survival (OS). We also explored the association between three immune checkpoints, immune cell infiltration, and the aging-related gene signature. Results. We established an aging risk model to identify and predict the immune microenvironment in malignant melanoma. Then we developed and validated a prognosis risk model using three AGs (CSNK1E, C1QA, and SOD-2) in the GSE65904 dataset. The aging signature was positively associated with clinical and molecular characteristics and can be used as a prognostic factor for malignant melanoma. The low aging risk score was associated with a poor prognosis and indicated an immunosuppressive microenvironment. Conclusions. To summarize, we established and validated a model of aging risk based on three aging-related genes that acted as an independent prognostic predictor of overall survival. Besides, it also characterized the immune response in the malignant melanoma microenvironment and could provide a potential indicator of individualized immunotherapy in malignant melanoma.
[Retracted] Construction and Research of Guqin Sound Synthesis and Plucking Big Data Simulation Model Based on Computer Synthesis Technology
Authors: Liu MingQing
Published: March 2022

The application and economic efficiency evaluation mode of traditional composition in the field of modern music cannot meet the needs of various types of music in China, especially Guqin music. Based on this, this paper studies the big data simulation model of Guqin sound synthesis and plucking based on computer composition technology. The computer composition technology uses the discrete dynamic modeling technology of complex system to complete the computer simulation of Guqin sound through the analysis of the correlation between Guqin music data and realizes the storage and analysis of the generated Guqin sound data. In addition, the technology can analyze the data information of composition mode in the piano sound plucking simulation model with the classical Guqin music data stored in the cloud system over the years and then feed it back to relevant professionals for verification. The experimental results show that the Guqin sound simulation model can efficiently compare and analyze the melody and other data of classical Guqin sound with the simulated Guqin sound and can realize secondary data mining. This paper studies the application of computer composition method based on discrete dynamic modeling technology in Guqin sound simulation, which has certain reference significance for improving the cloud data in China’s modern music field and the intelligent construction of Guqin sound data cloud storage system.
Enterprise Human Resource Allocation Optimization Model Based on Improved Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm
Authors: Wang Zhouhuo
Published: March 2022

With the development of the market economy, the competition for talents among enterprises has attracted more and more attention. Therefore, in recent years, enterprises have paid more and more attention to the optimal allocation of human resources. Aiming at the problem of human resources allocation in the process of enterprise management, this research establishes a corresponding mathematical model and solves the optimal allocation model of human resources based on particle swarm optimization algorithm. The calculation amount of the model is obviously reduced in the application process, the optimal solution is more ideal, and good results are achieved. However, the genetic algorithm itself has certain limitations, and the selection of initial chromosomes and the design of genetic operators put forward higher requirements. Starting from operability, based on system analysis and quantitative evaluation method, this paper establishes a model of human resources optimal allocation, provides a quantitative management method for optimal allocation of human resources, and designs an improved particle swarm optimization algorithm to solve this problem. The numerical simulation results show the effectiveness of the algorithm.
Biometric Authentication for Intelligent and Privacy-Preserving Healthcare Systems
Authors: Nigam Dhananjay , Patel Shilp Nirajbhai , Raj Vincent P. M. Durai , Srinivasan Kathiravan , Arunmozhi Sinouvassane
Published: March 2022

Secure identification is a critical system requirement for patients seeking health-related services. In the event of critical, aged, or disabled patients who require frequent health treatments, quick and easy identification is vital. Researchers describe the notion of the unprotected environment in this study, in which patients can receive health services from the hospital’s smart and intelligent surroundings without the use of explicit equipment. Patients would interact directly with the environment and be identified through it. We suggest a biometric-based authentication technique for the unprotected hospital environment that also safeguards the patient’s identity privacy. Furthermore, we demonstrate that this authentication technique is resistant to many well-known assaults, including insider attacks, replay attacks, and identity privacy. Doctors and other staff members showed enthusiastic responses after installing 2-factor authentications, as it makes their workflow efficient and makes things easier for patients. It also lets them focus on other factors rather than worrying about data security; hence, we need biometric authentication in intelligent and privacy-preserving healthcare systems. The paper deals with two-factor biometric authentication, and despite the added security, two-factor authentication adoption is said to be poor. It is due to a lack of awareness and difficulty to use and configure two-factor authentication (2FA) into a particular application by some individuals who struggle with the concept of authentication and its technology. Also, many 2FA methods in widespread use today have not been subjected to adequate usability testing. Research focuses on the point that there is still a large section of people unaware of the use of biometric systems to protect their online data. Researchers collected quantitative and qualitative data from 96 individuals during a two-week between-subjects usability survey of some common and rarely used 2FA approaches. The survey allowed the researcher to investigate which authentication methods are given higher priority and why, along with the relationship between different usage patterns and perceived usability, and identify user misconceptions and insecure habits to determine ease of use. It was observed that the biometric-based method was given the utmost preferability.
Simultaneous Determination of Seven Phenolic Acids, Two Flavonoids, and Tussilagone in Rat Plasma after Administration of Farfarae Flos Extract by LC–MS/MS
Authors: Yu Guangying , Fang Dan
Published: March 2022

A simple LC-MS/MS method was established for the simultaneous quantitative analysis of concentration of seven phenolic acids, two flavonoids, and tussilagone in biological samples. The lower limit of quantitation of each target compound was less than 10 ng·mL−1. The precision of these three types of compounds was less than 15%, and all accuracy was between 85.9% and 115%. The preliminary pharmacokinetics of these three types of compounds in plasma samples were carried out using LC-MS/MS after administration of Farfarae Flos extract (3.90 and 7.80 g·kg−1) to rats, respectively. The results showed that Tmax of all ten compounds varied from 0.21 ± 0.04 h to 0.69 ± 0.19 h. Maximum concentrations and area under concentration-time curves of seven analyzed phenolic acids were higher than those of the two flavonoids and tussilagone. Terminal elimination half-life of tussilagone was the shortest among these three types of compounds. The results showed that the developed LC-MS/MS method was suitable for clarifying the pharmacokinetic characteristics of these three types of compounds in plasma after administration of Farfarae Flos extract in rats.
Data Transmission Control Method of Electrical Equipment of Automobile Based on the 5G Communication Technology
Authors: Han Yajun
Published: March 2022

Conflicts emerge when the data transmission occurs between electrical equipment in an automobile. Hence, transmission delays appear as issues. For this reason, a method, called data transmission control, for electrical equipment of automobiles based on the 5G communication technology is proposed in this paper. Firstly, the wavelet feature decomposition was utilized to partition the frequency spectrum, and thus the statistical characteristics of electrical equipment of automobiles concerning the transmitted data were obtained. Then, the high-order approximate distribution method was adopted to construct a channel for a 5G network data transmission. Afterward, the control logic structure of the data transmission was built, and the problem, called the conflict of the data transmission, was alleviated through concurrent data collection and processing methods. On this basis, coding coefficients of a constructed global coding matrix were selected to encode and transmit source information. Also, the number of redundant data packets at each layer was adjusted. Finally, the data transmission control of the electrical equipment of the automobile was realized through the linear combination of the network nodes. The simulation results showed that the throughput of the proposed method was always higher than 7.7 MB/s, the bit error rate was around 0 when the signal-to-noise ratio was lower than 3, and the transmission delay was always below 0.5 s, which could provide a reference for the efficient and safe operation of automobiles.
Association between NF-κB Signal Pathway-Related Gene Polymorphisms and Response to Alendronate Treatment in Postmenopausal Chinese Women with Low Bone Mineral Density
Authors: Shen Xiaoyi , Tan Sasa , Feng Xianzhen , Fu Wenzhen , Hu Yunqiu , Li Miao , Wang Wenjie , Yuan Hu , Liu Li , Wang Chun , Hua Fei
Published: March 2022

Background. Osteoporosis is a systemic bone disease characterized by reduction of bone content. Bisphosphonates are first-line treatments for osteoporosis, but they have variable effectiveness. Genetic factors may explain these differences. The NF-κB signaling pathway plays a key role in the regulation of bone metabolism. We aimed to determine whether genetic variations in the NF-κB signaling pathway affect the effectiveness of alendronate in postmenopausal Chinese women with low bone mass. Methods. We recruited 455 postmenopausal Han Chinese women with primary osteoporosis or osteopenia aged 48–90 yrs who had experienced no spontaneous menses for at least 1 yr. All participants had dual X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) bone mineral density (BMD) measurement at baseline and 1 yr after treatment. Treatment involved 1 yr administration of 70 mg oral alendronate weekly and 600 mg calcium and 125 IU of vitamin D daily. Thirteen tagSNPs in NF-κB1 (rs28362491, rs3774937, rs230521, rs230510, and rs4648068), RELA (rs7119750, rs11820062), and NLRC5 (rs289747, rs1566439, rs1684575, rs289726, rs289723, and rs41383) were chosen from the NCBI Locus Link and HapMap and genotyped individually. Genetic variation in these genes and the corresponding therapeutic response to alendronate treatment were analyzed. Results. Among the 13 tagSNPs, rs289747 was significantly correlated with the BMD change rate at the femoral neck (

P
=
0.048

). This significance no longer existed after Bonferroni correction. We then performed principal component analysis (PCA) and found NLRC5 (rs289747 and rs1566439) were strongly correlated with alendronate efficacy in femoral phenotypes and were major components of BMD change values, particularly total hip and intertrochanteric phenotypes. Furthermore, the PLINK linear regression GLM model revealed that haplotype TT of RELA (rs7119750 and rs11820062) and ICCTA of NF-κB1 (rs28362491, rs3774937, rs230521, rs230510, and rs4648068) were associated with BMD of the total hip among each haplotype after 1 yr of treatment. Conclusion. The NF-κB1, RELA, and NLRC5 genetic variations affect the therapeutic response of alendronate treatment for postmenopausal osteoporosis.
The Relationship between Ultrasonographic Features of Hepatocellular Carcinoma and the Severity of Hepatocellular Carcinoma and the Expression of PTEN and Tg737
Authors: Tang Lei , Zhang Yan , Zhou Qiong , Hong Qiaojun , Wang Zhanggui
Published: March 2022

To investigate the relationship between the ultrasonographic features of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and the severity of HCC and the expression of tumor suppressor genes PTEN and Tg737, 90 patients with primary liver cancer are selected as the study subjects. The enhancement of liver tumor in arterial phase, portal venous phase, and delayed phase is observed by contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) before operation, and the echo intensity is compared with that of surrounding liver parenchyma. Immunohistochemistry is used to detect the expression of PTEN and Tg737 in hepatocellular carcinoma and paracancerous tissues. (1) In HCC, CEUS enhancement is characterized by rapid enhancement in arterial phase, enhancement in portal venous phase and delayed phase, and decreased hypoechoic changes. About 78.0% of the stage I-II liver cancer and 85.0% of the stage III-IV liver cancer show rapid enhancement and high echo in the arterial phase; only 8.0% of the stage I-II liver cancer shows moderate echo changes in the portal venous phase, while 32.5% (13/40) stage III-IV liver cancer shows moderate echo changes in the portal venous phase. (2) The positive rates of PTEN in liver cancer tissues and paracancerous tissues are 21.1% (19/90) and 70.0% (63/90), respectively, and the difference is statistically significant. The positive rates of Tg737 in liver cancer tissues and paracancerous tissues are 17.8% (16/90) and 75.6% (68/90), respectively, and the difference is statistically significant. Compared with PTEN and Tg737 negative groups, the ascending slope (RS) and initial elimination time (WT) of PTEN and Tg737 positive groups are significantly higher, indicating that the inflow velocity of contrast medium in the positive group is higher, the outflow time is shorter, and the lesions shows low enhancement rapidly. However, the expression of PTEN and Tg737 had no significant difference in maximal intensity (IMAX), peak time (TTP), and mean transit time (mTT). (3) Correlation analysis shows that the immunohistochemical scores of PTEN and Tg737 are not significantly correlated with IMAX, mTT, and TTP but positively correlated with RS (r = 0.359,

P

 < 0.05), suggesting that the positive expressions of PTEN and Tg737 are negatively correlated with the inflow velocity of contrast medium. The immunohistochemical scores of PTEN and Tg737 are negatively correlated with WT, which indicated that the higher the expression intensity of PTEN is, the longer the outflow time of contrast medium is and the slower the outflow of contrast medium is. There is a significant correlation between the expression of PTEN and Tg737 proteins and CEUS parameters in hepatocellular carcinoma.