bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Determinants of Tax Revenue and Tax Effort in Developed and Developing Countries: Theory and New Evidence 1996-2015
Authors: Piancastelli Marcelo , Thirlwall A.P.
Published: February 2021

Abstract This paper measures the tax effort of a group of fifty-nine developed and developing countries over the period 1996-2015 by comparing a country’s actual tax/GDP ratio with the ratio predicted derived from an international tax function which relates tax revenue to various measures of a country’s taxable capacity such as the level of per capita income; the share of trade in GDP; the productive structure, and the level of financial deepening. The tax function is estimated using cross section data; pooled time series/cross section data, and panel data using a fixed effects estimator. The results are compared and show a range of tax effort from South Africa with the highest effort and Switzerland with the lowest effort. Implications for policy are drawn. The paper is critical of studies that include institutional variables (and other variables not related to the tax base of countries) to measure tax effort when they are really explanations of why the tax ratio differs between countries not of tax effort itself.
Effects of urbanization on the fauna of Odonata on the coast of southern Brazil
Authors: Sganzerla Cléber , Dalzochio Marina Schmidt , Prass Gabriel dos Santos , Périco Eduardo
Published: February 2021

Abstract: Urbanization significantly increases the rates of environmental disturbance, being one of the main causes of habitat loss and biodiversity. The growing trend of converting the natural landscape into areas for real estate speculation in the coastal region of the southernmost part of Brazil is a current concern, as the region is home to unique ecosystems, such as dunes, wetlands and large brackish lagoons. As they are organisms sensitive to environmental changes, variations in the structure of Odonata communities are used as indicators of habitat quality reflecting the human impact on the environment. Here we assessed how the Odonata community is affected by the growing urbanization around natural ponds on the coast of the state of Rio Grande do Sul, testing the hypothesis that the increase in the percentage of urbanization negatively influences the Odonata community, following the same pattern found for other groups of invertebrates. The collections took place in 28 coastal ponds, which were classified as urbanized and non-urbanized based on the surrounding ground cover. Anisoptera’s richness, abundance and composition were influenced by urbanization, but the same was not found for Zygoptera. The analysis of indicator species specifies three species associated with non-urbanized areas: Erythrodiplax sp.1, Erythemis credula and Telebasis corallina. Our study highlights the importance of Odonata as organisms that indicate environmental integrity and reinforces the need for urban planning strategies that favor the conservation and maintenance of the environments affected by urbanization.
Developmental surveillance in primary health care: absence of child development milestones and associated factors
Authors: Solís-Cordero Katherine , Palombo Claudia Nery Teixeira , Duarte Luciane Simões , Munhoz Rebeca Ishi , Toriyama Aurea Tamami Minagawa , Borges Ana Luiza Vilela , Fujimori Elizabeth
Published: February 2021

Abstract Objectives: to identify the absence of one or more general child development milestones and by domains, and associated factors. Methods: cross-sectional study with 334 children under three years of age conducted out at Primary Health Care Facilities, São Paulo, Brazil. The dependent variable was the general child development and the fine motor, gross motor, social and psychic domains evaluated using the Developmental Surveillance Instrument of the Brazilian Ministry of Health. Data were obtained by interviewing the mothers and observing children. The chi-square test and logistic regression analyses were used. Results: absence of one or more milestones of general child development was found in 52.1% of children, especially, in the fine motor domain. We found an association between general child development with age (OR = 4.4; CI95%= 2.0-9.9) and the place of stay of the child who does not attend daycare (OR = 3.7; CI95%= 1.3-10.5). Conclusions: the absence of one or more milestones of general child development is high and associated with aspects of the child and the environment. This emphasizes the importance of promoting developmental surveillance in Primary Health Care Facilities among health professionals using the official instrument recommended by the Brazilian Ministry of Health.
Prevalence and factors associated with the use of drugs of abuse by pregnant women
Authors: Silva Flávia Teixeira Ribeiro da , Fernandes Carlos Alexandre Molena , Tamais Maria Luana Barretto , Costa Aline Balandis , Melo Simone Cristina Castanho Sabaini de
Published: February 2021

Abstract Objectives: to estimate the prevalence of drug abuse in pregnant women and to associate with the variables education, family income, race and number of pregnancies. Methods: descriptive, cross-sectional, quantitative research. Developed in the municipality of Bandeirantes-PR, from June 2016 to December 2017. The population was 114 pregnant women and the dependent variables were alcohol / tobacco use and illicit drugs and the independent variables were education, race, family income and number of pregnancies. The analysis was the comparison between the variables and Microsoft Excel 2007 and SPSS 20.0 was used. It was approved by the Ethics Committee. Results: the use of drugs of abuse during pregnancy was 19.2%, presenting as a sociodemographic profile characterization the age between 19 to 29 years, predominance of nonwhite race, with study time ≤ 9 years, with income from 1 to 2 minimum wages and multiparous women. The most commonly used drug of abuse was alcohol, followed by tobacco. Concomitant use between drugs was significant with alcohol and tobacco / illicit drugs and tobacco. Conclusions: drug use had a prevalence of 19.2% and acts in conjunction with social issues and this case, intervening is necessary with an individualized care plan, thus ensuring the promotion and prevention of maternal and child health.
Cesarean section rates in São Paulo State: regional inequalities in SUS obstetric care
Authors: Lucena Fabiana Santos , Garcia Mariana Tarricone , Duarte Lígia Schiavon
Published: February 2021

Abstract Objectives: to analyze the relation between cesarean section rates in SUS childbirth care establishments in São Paulo State and urbanization conditions, according to Robson group classification system. Methods: Sistema de Informação sobre Nascidos Vivos (Live Births Information System) and Cadastro Nacional de Estabelecimentos de Saúde (National Registry of Health Establishments) 2016 databases were analyzed. The studied outcome was cesarean section rates in the establishments, grouped by administration type (public or nonprofit entities) and urbanization condition. Results: the cesarean section rate in SUS childbirth care establishments was 50.5%, ranging from 41.1% in metropolitan regions up to 75.2% in the low urbanized regions. Cesarean section rates in public administration establishments (38.2%) were significantly lower than the nonprofit administration maternity hospitals (62.3%). Robson groups 5 and 2 contributed mostly to the cesarean section global rate (36.6% and 21.5%, respectively). Conclusions: The less urbanized regions showed significantly higher cesarean section rates than the metropolitan and highly urbanized regions. Cesarean section rates of public administration establishments were significantly lower than the nonprofit administration establishments. However, when separated by urbanization condition its difference was only observed in the metropolitan regions.
Revisitando ontologia e metadados à luz dos ambientes informacionais digitais
Authors: Castro Fabiano Ferreira de , Simionato Ana Carolina
Published: February 2021

RESUMO O cenário contemporâneo marcado pela explosão informacional torna-se imprescindível que os ambientes informacionais altamente distribuídos, como a Web, compartilhem e colaborem com dados e informações organizadas e estruturadas. Tal realidade tem desafiado profissionais de diversas áreas do conhecimento, sobretudo, os da área da Ciência da Informação a buscar soluções para o tratamento informacional de tais ambientes, a fim de garantir mecanismos para a busca e a recuperação de recursos informacionais eficientes. Elucida-se que o tratamento dado ao recurso informacional requer uma descrição de forma e de conteúdo legível por máquinas, com resultados compreensíveis aos humanos, e, que ainda, atenda aos requisitos de interoperabilidade entre os ambientes informacionais. Objetiva-se verificar a dimensão relacional entre os instrumentos para a representação de dados e informações, tais como a ontologia e os metadados, considerados como pilares para a modelagem, a estruturação de catálogos e sistemas bibliográficos. Por meio de uma metodologia exploratória e descritiva interdisciplinar nas áreas da Ciência da Informação e da Ciência da Computação identificam-se elementos conceituais, a fim de apontar a necessidade da construção de ambientes informacionais digitais estruturados e padronizados. A utilização da ontologia e dos metadados de forma sinérgica apresenta importância capital para a representação e a descrição de recursos bibliográficos nos ambientes informacionais digitais atualmente, proporcionando a modelagem dos catálogos bibliográficos e a interoperabilidade semântica entre diferentes sistemas e plataformas.
A ilusão do colapso do tempo e do espaço na comunicação digital
Authors: Barros Ana Taís Martins Portanova
Published: February 2021

RESUMO Esse artigo propõe-se equacionar certos aspectos da experiência do tempo e do espaço na comunicação digital, investigando sua convergência e/ou divergência em relação à experiência mítica da atemporalidade. Conclui-se que, embora a comunicação digital pareça prescindir dos lugares e, aparentemente, não estabeleça relações necessárias de causa e efeito entre as informações que distribui, sua dependência da sucessão de eventos distancia-a do que seria uma experiência mítica do tempo e, portanto, do espaço.
A gestão do conhecimento holística: análise de aderência do modelo de Cajueiro
Authors: Corrêa Fábio , Lima Leandro Cearenço , Tolentino Renata de Sousa da Silva
Published: February 2021

RESUMO A Gestão do Conhecimento holística fundamenta-se no desígnio de conceber modelos de gerenciamento do conhecimento pautados no paradigma holístico. Essa perspectiva é apontada como necessária para que se atinja uma gestão íntegra do conhecimento e um modelo com esta envergadura tende ao preenchimento da lacuna científica existente. Mediante a este gap, esta pesquisa tem por objetivo analisar a aderência do modelo de Cajueiro à Gestão do Conhecimento holística, de modo a verificar se a referida lacuna foi sanada. Para promover esta análise a abordagem qualitativa-quantitativa é empregada, fazendo uso da técnica de Análise de Conteúdo. Por resultado, o modelo analisado adere-se parcialmente a Gestão do Conhecimento holística, pois não contempla todas as dimensões críticas para o sucesso dessa forma de gestão. Desse modo, conclui-se, mediante a análise específica deste modelo, que a lacuna científica de um modelo de Gestão do Conhecimento holístico permanece. A análise de outros modelos, considerando os procedimentos metodológicos aqui adotados, bem como a concepção de um modelo holístico, são sugestões de pesquisas futuras.
Política de indexação em periódicos da Ciência da Informação: um estudo das diretrizes para atribuição de palavras-chave aos artigos
Authors: Oliveira Lais Pereira de , Fujita Mariângela Spotti Lopes , Dal'Evedove Paula Regina , Martínez-Ávila Daniel
Published: February 2021

RESUMO Aborda a política de indexação em periódicos nacionais da Ciência da Informação. Considera a escassa abordagem do assunto, no contexto da comunicação científica, assim como a necessidade pragmática de sistematizar a ação de atribuição de palavras-chave pelo autor da publicação. Objetiva analisar as diretrizes para atribuição de palavras-chave aos artigos em processo de submissão. Constitui estudo descritivo, de natureza quali-quantitativa e caráter de pesquisa documental, em razão da coleta dos dados desenvolvida sobre as políticas para publicação e as diretrizes para autores, disponibilizadas pelas revistas. Emprega a técnica de análise de conteúdo, para sistematização dos dados coletados. Os resultados demonstram a existência de diretrizes relacionadas à quantidade de termos, orientadas em sua maioria para a seletividade na indexação. O mesmo não acontece com as especificações sobre a profundidade dos termos e a linguagem de indexação, apesar da breve sinalização para a última, em um conjunto de cinco revistas, adeptas da linguagem controlada. Conclui-se que os periódicos da Ciência da Informação precisam atentar para a instituição de uma política de indexação, a fim de proporcionar maior assertividade aos autores, na atribuição de palavras-chave.
Internet das coisas aplicada no ambiente das bibliotecas: uma revisão sistemática da literatura internacional
Authors: Amaral Fernanda Vasconcelos , Juliani Jordan Paulesky , Bettio Raphael Winckler de
Published: February 2021

RESUMO O presente artigo analisa a produção científica internacional com a temática de aplicação de internet das coisas (IoT) em bibliotecas. Constituem-se como objetivos dessa análise: mapear a produção acadêmica sobre aplicação da tecnologia de IoT em bibliotecas desde o surgimento das primeiras discussões sobre essa tecnologia até o ano de 2018; verificar se os estudos são práticos ou apenas teóricos; identificar as áreas de pesquisa e países que mais desenvolvem estudos sobre essa temática; apurar as aplicações mais comuns em bibliotecas e quais tecnologias estão sendo utilizadas; identificar iniciativas práticas bem-sucedidas em bibliotecas. A metodologia adotada é a revisão sistemática da literatura internacional disponível nas bases de dados Scopus e Web of Science. O foco desse levantamento bibliográfico é identificar pesquisas sobre IoT exclusivamente no ambiente das bibliotecas. Trata-se uma pesquisa exploratória com a finalidade de caracterizar a produção científica sobre essa temática e a análise dos dados segue uma abordagem quanti-qualitativa. Conclui-se que as pesquisas de IoT em biblioteca ainda são escassas, com predominância de estudos teóricos em detrimento de experimentos empíricos. A área de Ciência da Computação concentra o maior número de publicações e pode ser beneficiada ao realizar uma parceria interdisciplinar com a Biblioteconomia e Ciência da Informação.
Flujos de información y conocimiento en el servicio de referenciación de una biblioteca universitaria
Authors: Vásquez-Rizo Fredy Eduardo
Published: February 2021

RESUMEN Este artículo presenta un modelo y una estrategia tendientes a fortalecer el servicio de referenciación en una biblioteca de una universidad colombiana. Para ello, se caracteriza el estado actual de dicho servicio, recurriendo a técnicas cuantitativas y cualitativas, las cuales permiten describir sus componentes y descubrir la necesidad de vincular nuevos elementos para poder satisfacer las necesidades de información de los usuarios. Nuevos componentes que se detectan a partir de un procedimiento de gestión de información y conocimiento aplicado a la comparación entre el estado previo y posterior de un proceso propio del servicio de referenciación y su relación con la asesoría a los usuarios. De esta manera, se concluye que la Sección de Referencia de dicha biblioteca universitaria requiere del modelo y la estrategia propuestos para mejorar su desempeño y entregar una respuesta más efectiva a los requerimientos asociados a su labor.
Integração entre gestão do conhecimento e business process management: perspectivas de profissionais em BPM
Authors: Pereira Frederico Cesar Mafra , Barbosa Ricardo Rodrigues , Duarte Leonora da Cunha
Published: February 2021

RESUMO Com o objetivo de identificar de que forma a Gestão do Conhecimento pode contribuir como suporte ao Business Process Management, realizou-se uma pesquisa descritiva, com abordagem quantitativa, do tipo survey. A partir da teoria pesquisada, elaborou-se o modelo conceitual, base para o instrumento de coleta de dados, que investigou a relação integrativa entre as práticas do Modelo SECI e as atividades do ciclo de vida da gestão por processos. Verificou-se que há o suporte da criação do conhecimento em todas as fases do ciclo de vida e que o Modelo SECI impacta de forma diferente nessas atividades. Foram também levantadas as principais práticas de conversão do conhecimento nas perspectivas dos respondentes. O estudo amplia a discussão sobre a relação integrativa entre os temas pesquisados, preenchendo uma lacuna entre a teoria sobre a conversão do conhecimento e as práticas aplicáveis nas atividades de gestão por processos; além de contribuir para a realização de pesquisas futuras sobre o tema, a partir do modelo conceitual desenvolvido, com o apoio do instrumento de coleta de dados na íntegra ou modificado; os resultados da pesquisa também podem servir de apoio a gestores no tocante à priorização ao estímulo de determinadas práticas de conversão do conhecimento.
Genetic divergence and path analysis in wheat cultivars under heat stress
Authors: Oliveira Carlos Eduardo da Silva , Andrade Agner de Freitas , Zoz André , Lustosa Sobrinho Renato , Zoz Tiago
Published: February 2021

ABSTRACT One of the biggest limitations for the wheat crop expansion to Brazilian tropical regions is the high temperature in the rainy season. This study aimed to select, based on genetic divergence and path analysis, cultivars that tolerate cultivation in the summer (heat stress). Nine wheat cultivars were sown, using a randomized block design with three replications, with plots consisting of 10 rows of 6 m and row spacing of 0.15 m. The highest grain yield and number of ears m-2 were observed for the CD 150 cultivar and the largest 1,000-grain weight for CD 116. BRS 220, IPR 136, IPR 144 and BRS Pardela had the highest number of sterile spikelets. The highest number of grains per ear was observed for CD 150, CD 116, BRS Pardela, IPR 130 and IPR 85, showing direct effects on grain yield, evidenced by the path analysis. CD 116 and CD 150 were the most productive cultivars and can be considered as possible parents in wheat breeding programs. IPR 85, CD 116, CD 108 and CD 150 showed a greater tolerance to high temperatures.
Nitrogen rates on the agronomic performance of second-crop corn single and intercropped with ruzigrass or showy rattlebox
Authors: Sapucay Moryb Jorge Lima da Costa , Coelho Antonio Eduardo , Bratti Felipe , Locatelli Jorge Luiz , Sangoi Luis , Balbinot Junior Alvadi Antonio , Zucareli Claudemir
Published: February 2021

ABSTRACT Topdressing nitrogen (N) rates may alter the second-crop corn performance, and this response may vary if the corn is grown single or intercropped with grass or leguminous species. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of topdressing N rates on the growth and productive performance of second-crop corn grown single or intercropped with ruzigrass (Urochloa ruziziensis) or showy rattlebox (Crotalaria spectabilis). The experiment was carried out in a randomized block design, with a split-plot arrangement and four replications. The plots consisted of corn grown single or intercropped with ruzigrass or showy rattlebox, while the subplots consisted of N rates (0, 60, 120, 180 and 240 kg ha-1). The evaluated variables were: SPAD index at R1; normalized difference vegetation index at V4 and V7; leaf area at R1; leaf and total corn dry mass at R1; grain and total corn dry mass at R6; number of ears per plant and grains per ear; 1,000-grain mass; and grain yield. In the absence of N fertilization and with topdressing of 60 kg ha-1 of N, the intercropping with U. ruziziensis reduces the growth and productive performance of second-crop corn. The topdressing N fertilization for second-crop corn intercropped with U. ruziziensis minimizes the forage competition on corn growth and provides a productive performance similar to monocropping from 120 kg ha-1 of N. The intercropping with C. spectabilis does not change the corn growth and productive performance, as well as the response to the topdressing N rates, when compared to monocropping, in the second crop cultivation.
Biochemical characterization of multifunctional endophytic fungi from Bambusa oldhamii Munro
Authors: Silveira Andreia Alves da Costa , Araújo Leila Garcês de , Filippi Marta Cristina Corsi de , Faria Fabrícia Paula de , Sibov Sérgio Tadeu
Published: February 2021

ABSTRACT In a plant-endophyte relationship, substances secreted by microorganisms can help the plant to defend itself against pathogens and also to promote an increase in biomass. This study aimed to biochemically characterize endophytic fungi from Bambusa oldhamii Munro, aiming at future studies on plant growth promotion, as well as on resistance induction. The following fungal isolates from B. oldhamii were used: 29 (Acrocalymma sp.); 122 (Botryobambusa fusicoccum); 711 (Phoma sp.); and 712 (Phoma sp.). Biochemical characterization was performed, analyzing the production of indole-acetic acid, chitinases and glucanases, as well as the presence or absence of polyphenol oxidases and phosphate solubilization activity in vitro. The isolate 29 produced larger amounts of indole-acetic acid and chitinases, yielding 31.55 mg mL-1 after 96 h and 2.59 U mL-1 after 120 h, respectively. The isolate 122 produced an increased amount of glucanases, yielding 2.65 U mL-1 after 72 h. The isolates 29, 711 and 712 produced polyphenol oxidases. The isolate 711 showed phosphate solubilization activity in vitro. These results indicate that the isolates under study show a potential for inducing resistance in plants and for future studies on the increase of plant biomass.
Segurança dos profissionais de saúde no enfrentamento do novo coronavírus no Brasil
Authors: Santana Neuranides , Costa Greice Alves , Costa Sabrina dos Santos Pinho , Pereira Larissa Vitória , Silva Jéssica Vieira da , Sales Ivana Patricia Perrelli Maia
Published: February 2021

RESUMO Objetivos apresentar o número de profissionais de saúde acometidos pela COVID-19 no Brasil, identificar algumas medidas de controle para redução da vulnerabilidade e as repercussões sobre a saúde desses profissionais no enfrentamento da pandemia COVID-19. Método implementado estudo descritivo, tendo como fonte boletins epidemiológicos e o Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Resultados 22 estados brasileiros informam casos da COVID-19 entre os profissionais de saúde, totalizando 181.886. Dentre todas as capitais do país, 12 trazem informações. Algumas medidas recomendadas são: controle de engenharia, segurança, administrativas, práticas de segurança no trabalho e equipamentos de proteção individual. As repercussões envolvem saúde mental com implicações psíquicas, transtornos psicológicos e psiquiátricos. Conclusão e implicações para a prática a pandemia desvelou, de forma crua e inequívoca, o retrato das condições de trabalho desigual, segregacionista e nefasto para a saúde humana a que os profissionais de saúde estão expostos, clama por mudanças e reconhecimentos e urge para a valorização desse grupo profissional.
Satisfação e sobrecarga na atuação de profissionais em saúde mental
Authors: Fidelis Fabiana Aparecida Monção , Barbosa Guilherme Correa , Corrente José Eduardo , Komuro Jéssica Emy , Papini Silvia Justina
Published: February 2021

Resumo Objetivo analisar a sobrecarga sobre a satisfação profissional em trabalhadores dos Centros de Atenção Psicossocial (CAPS) de um município do interior paulista. Método estudo transversal. Utilizou-se como instrumento a Escala de Avaliação da Satisfação de Profissionais em Serviços de Saúde Mental e a Escala de Avaliação da Sobrecarga de Profissionais em Serviços de Saúde Mental, que foram aplicadas às equipes do CAPS de um município do interior Paulista. Resultados foram avaliados 49 trabalhadores, com predomínio do sexo feminino, idade entre 30 e 39 anos, com pós-graduação completa, trabalhando como estatutário, 30h semanais e sem trabalho complementar. Os profissionais apresentavam satisfação no trabalho e baixa sobrecarga de trabalho. Apontaram necessidade de melhorias na estrutura física, nos recursos humanos e na aquisição de materiais. Conclusão e implicações para a prática os profissionais atuantes em saúde mental se sentem satisfeitos na sua atuação, mas foi ressaltada a insatisfação na faltada continuidade do cuidado prestado e a necessidade de melhoria na estrutura física para melhor prestação de serviço. A carga horária de 30h semanais e o vínculo estatutário parecem favorecer a satisfação em relação ao trabalho e diminuir a sobrecarga.
Pandemia de COVID-19 e os cuidados de enfermagem aos pacientes em tratamento hemodialítico
Authors: Gama Bernadete Marinho Bara De Martin , Cruz Carla Mariana Alves da , França Ludmilla Mursa de , Ferreira Mariana Ramalho , Gomes Sarah Simões , Godinho Marluce Rodrigues
Published: February 2021

Resumo Objetivo refletir sobre os cuidados de enfermagem aos pacientes em hemodiálise no contexto da pandemia de COVID-19. Método trata-se de um estudo reflexivo, realizado mediante análise de documentos oficiais dos órgãos de saúde, artigos científicos e outras fontes conceituadas. Está organizado nos seguintes eixos: Pandemia de COVID-19; Insuficiência Renal Crônica e o tratamento hemodialítico; e Cuidados de enfermagem aos pacientes em tratamento hemodialítico no contexto da COVID-19. Resultado as ações de educação em saúde, educação continuada e a supervisão em enfermagem ganharam destaque no contexto da pandemia. Elas garantiram as orientações necessárias aos pacientes e familiares e à equipe de enfermagem, para prevenção e controle da COVID-19. Consequentemente, contribuíram para a proteção da saúde dos pacientes com insuficiência renal crônica, que já apresentavam sua saúde comprometida e não poderiam deixar de realizar a hemodiálise. Considerações finais e implicações para a prática no contexto da pandemia da COVID-19, os profissionais de enfermagem precisam redobrar a atenção na assistência prestada aos pacientes em tratamento hemodialítico, além de adaptarem-se às novas orientações. Espera-se que esta reflexão contribua para que os cuidados de enfermagem sejam os mais seguros possíveis, tanto para pacientes e familiares quanto para os profissionais de enfermagem.
A post-punching shear model for column–slab connections for progressive collapse analyses
Authors: Ulaeto Nsikak W. , Sagaseta Juan
Published: February 2021

Progressive collapse of concrete flat slab structures is mainly governed by the structural response of the slab–column connections before and after local failure of the connections. A novel model is proposed to predict the structural response of column–slab connections after punching shear failure (post-punching shear). The proposed model considers the gradual activation and deactivation of flexural bars within and outside the punching shear cone as well as the contribution of integrity reinforcement. The model is formulated in terms of slab vertical displacements so that it can be applied to progressive collapse analyses including asymmetric cases such as in column removal scenarios commonly adopted in structural robustness design. The proposed model is validated using existing experimental data covering symmetric post-punching tests without shear reinforcement, with and without integrity reinforcement. Numerical modelling was also applied to verify the analytical model by means of three-dimensional explicit finite element modelling. Analytical and numerical models showed that asymmetric post-punching leads to a reduction of the peak post-punching strength due to an early fracture of the reinforcement whereas the residual shear strength in the connection immediately after punching can be higher in asymmetric cases.
One-dimensional morphodynamic model for a tail reach of the Yellow River estuary
Authors: Yang Zhuoyuan , Xia Junqiang , Zhou Meirong , Deng Shanshan , Wan Zhanwei , Li Zhiwei
Published: February 2021

A one-dimensional morphodynamic model was improved to study the unsteady flow and sediment transport processes in a tail reach of the Yellow River estuary (YRE). In this model, the modified equations for flow hydrodynamics take the effects of sediment concentration and bed evolution into consideration. The improved model was validated using measurements in the tail reach of the YRE for the years 2003 and 2015, and the model showing an excellent data fit for discharge, water level, suspended sediment concentration and the cumulative volume of channel evolution. The effect of different cross-sectional spacings was also studied using the model results in the tail reach, with various numerical tests of the 2015 flood event conducted. It was found that an appropriate cross-sectional distance of less than 3.14 km should be adopted when simulating the process of bed deformation. Moreover, the interaction between runoff and tide in 2015 was studied on the basis of the simulated water levels and an empirical relation for the location of tidal limit was established. The results show that the tidal limit in 2015 was 15.84 km downstream of Xihekou.
“Hataraku Saibou” para o Ensino de Bioquímica não Presencial
Authors: Figueiredo Bárbara Castro-Pimentel , Da Silva Tatiana Sampaio
Published: February 2021

A animação japonesa “Hataraku Saibou” utiliza estratégias lúdicas, como a personificação de células, para explicar alguns dos processos fisiológicos do corpo humano. Em um dos seus episódios, a série desdobra o mecanismo de transporte de gases pelos eritrócitos, fazendo com que essa animação seja um importante instrumento pedagógico no estudo sobre a hemoglobina e as reações bioquímicas da hematose. Nos cursos de bioquímica, a aula sobre “hemoglobina e o transporte de oxigênio” promove a discussão de conceitos de estrutura proteica aplicados a uma proteína específica e ressalva a importância da estrutura para a função de uma proteína, associando a função da hemoglobina com os conceitos fisiológicos do transporte e da troca gasosa. O presente trabalho relata o uso da animação “Hataraku Saibou” como um recurso pedagógico em uma aula teórica para o ensino de bioquímica na modalidade remota.
OPPORTUNITIES AND OBJECTIVES ELECTRONIC LEARNING AT SCHOOL
Authors:   Kyrgyz Academy of Education, Ibirayim kyzy Aizhan , Kaldybaev Salidin ,   Alatoo International University
Published: February 2021

This article raises the pressing issues of e-learning at school. The possibility, significance and necessity of this training are discussed. Opportunities were noted, such as: a model of new learning and its continuity; Reaching a wide audience economic efficiency; student independence; individual communication of students with teachers; optimal use of study time, etc. At the end of the article, the tasks of e-learning and ways to solve them are noted.
Beef cattle production on Piatã grass pastures in silvopastoral systems
Authors: Pereira Mariana , Morais Maria Da Graça , Fernandes Patrick Bezerra , Dos Santos Valéria Ana Corvalã , Glatzle Sarah , De Almeida Roberto Giolo
Published: February 2021

Tropical beef cattle production involving animals grazing in a shaded and biologically diverse environment, surrounded by high-quality edible biomass, is achievable through silvopastoral systems (SPSs). However, it is necessary to assess the effects of the presence of trees on forage and animal performance over time. In the Brazilian Cerrado, we evaluated the effects of 2 densities of eucalyptus trees in 2 SPSs (8 years of age - SPS22: 227 trees/ha; SPS14: 357 trees/ha) on forage morphology, production and nutritive value of Urochloa brizantha cv. BRS Piatã grass plus performance of Nellore heifers, compared with a grass-only pasture, over a year from 2015 to 2016. On the one hand, SPSs improved (P<0.001) forage nutritive value as reflected in higher crude protein and digestibility and lower neutral and acid detergent fiber concentrations compared with a grass-only pasture. On the other hand, the grass-only pasture had higher (P<0.001) herbage mass and accumulation rate than the SPSs. Forage growth and animal production decreased with higher tree density. Increasing competition from trees with age could be a serious issue limiting pasture and animal production and should be monitored. The suitability of eucalyptus trees for planting in SPSs may be questionable after the 8th year of establishment and further studies are warranted.
How does agro-pastoralism affect forage and soil properties in western Serengeti, Tanzania?
Authors: Kavana Pius Yoram , Mtengeti Ephraim J. , Sangeda Anthony , Mahonge Christopher , Fyumagwa Robert , John Bukombe
Published: February 2021

The impacts of agro-pastoral activities on soil properties, plus nutritive value and residual standing biomass of herbaceous plants in areas of different land uses in western Serengeti, were evaluated. Vegetation and soil were sampled along 4,000 m transects laid across fallow land, areas grazed only by livestock, mixed grazing (livestock and wildlife) and wildlife grazing only. A total number of 123 plant species were encountered during sampling. Analyses of soil and vegetation samples were conducted at Sokoine University of Agriculture laboratories. The estimated average density of grazing animals encountered was 160 TLU/km2 on transects within livestock-dominated grazing lands, 129 TLU/km2 for mixed grazing and 83 TLU/km2 for wildlife grazing only. Results indicated that ADF, IVDMD, IVOMD, ME and TDN in residual herbaceous forage at flowering were significantly (P<0.05) affected by land use type but CP, NDF and ADL were not affected. Soil pH, OC, CEC, C:N ratio and Ca differed significantly (P<0.05) between land use types. An overall evaluation indicated that regardless of climatic conditions, residual biomass of herbaceous plants in western Serengeti is determined by intensity of grazing, soil C:N ratio and concentrations of Ca and P in the soil. We conclude that agro-pastoral practices conducted in western Serengeti affected residual standing biomass of herbaceous plants and soil properties. We recommend that grazing pressure in communal grazing lands be reduced by either reducing number of grazing animals or duration of grazing in a particular grazing area, and specific studies be conducted to establish stocking rates appropriate for specific communal grazing lands in villages.
EVALUASI KESELAMATAN OPERASI REAKTOR RSG-GAS SETELAH 33 TAHUN
Authors: Pardi Pardi , Purwadi Purwadi
Published: February 2021

Keselamatan operasi reaktor RSG-GAS merupakan faktor utama yang menjadi pertimbangan dalam mengoperasikan reaktor. Keselamatan operasi reaktor harus menjamin bahwa parameter neutronik dan termohidraulik teras RSG-GAS tidak melebihi batas keselamatan operasi (BKO) yang telah ditetapkan di dalam dokumen Safety Analysys Report (SAR). Setelah 33 tahun beroperasi banyak komponen dan sistem teras RSG-GAS yang sudah diganti namun harus dipastikan bahwa parameter operasi tidak ada yang melanggar batas operasi dan batas keselamatan. Evaluasi keselamatan operasi teras RSG-GAS dilakukan dalam rangka penilaian keselamatan periodik yang merupakan persyaratan untuk mendapat izin operasi dari pihak pengawas yaitu Bapeten. Evaluasi atau penilaian keselamatan dilakukan berdasarkan perhitungan dengan menggunakan program komputer dan eksperimen langsung melihat parameter yang terukur pada panel sensor. Perhitungan parameter neutronik dilakukan dengan program WIMSD-5B/Batan-FUEL. Hasil eksperimen dan perhitungan parameter keselamatan operasi teras reaktor RSG-GAS tidak ada yang melampaui batas operasi dan batas keselamatan namun ada yang sudah berubah dari desain. Hal ini disebabkan oleh faktor umur reaktor yang telah beroperasi 33 tahun, namun masih dalam batas rentang operasi dan keselamatan yang ditetapkan.  Kata kunci : keselamatan operasi, RSG-GAS, Batan-FUEL, WIMSD-5D, teras kerja .
Die derde Afrikaanse Kerkbybel: Proses en praktyk van 'n direkte vertaling
Authors: de Wet K
Published: February 2021

Die vertaalprojek van die derde Afrikaanse Kerkbybel, Die Bybel (2020), word in hierdie artikel in oënskou geneem. Die aanvang van die projek (die versoek om 'n vertaling, die werk van die loodskomitee) word beskryf en ook die uitgangspunte wat die vertaalpraktyk sou oriënteer (die vertaalopdrag, 'n direkte vertaling wat bronteksgeoriënteer en doeltaalgerig is). In hierdie verband word ooreenkomste en verskille beskou tussen die Afrikaanse Bybelvertalingsprojek en dié van die NBV (Nieuwe Bijbelvertaling) wat in 2004 gepubliseer is, net toe die projek vir 'n direkte vertaling van die Bybel in Afrikaans 'n aanvang geneem het. Die basiese uitgangspunte wat die vertaalprojek gerig het, soos die ononderhandelbare strewe na 'n bronteksgeoriënteerde vertaling wat terselfdertyd doeltaalgerig is, word beskryf. Ook die proses van die vertaalpraktyk word beskryf met verwysing na die organisering en werk van interdissiplinêre vertaalspanne (boekspanne), die verskillende fases deur die verloop van die projek, en ook die werk van die eindredaksies (die redaksionele komitees). Sowel die aard van die vertaling as die proses waarvolgens dit verloop het, het bygedra daartoe dat Die Bybel (2020) beskryf kan word as nie net uniek onder Afrikaanse Kerkbybels nie, maar ook as deel van die sogenaamde nuwe generasie Bybelvertalings. In die afdeling oor die unieke kenmerke van Die Bybel (2020) word dit toegelig met verwysing na interdissiplinêre boekspanne, interkerklike samewerking, vrouemedewerkers, intravertalers, die strewe na die skep van 'n vertaling wat as luisterteks slaag, en ook die gebruik van neweteks (inleidings, opskrifte, kruisverwysings, woordelysinskrywings, voetnote, kaarte en illustrasies). Die artikel sluit af met 'n aanduiding van die omvang van 'n projek van 15 jaar en die verwagting van die bekendstelling van Die Bybel (2020) in November 2020.
Nuwe en ou skatte: Die 2020- Afrikaanse vertaling van die Bybel as 'n hervertaling
Authors: NAUDÉ J
Published: February 2021

Die eerste volledige vertaling van die Bybel in Afrikaans, 'n letterlike vertaling, word in 1933 gepubliseer ná die vorige pogings van die Bybelvertalingsbeweging (1872-1911) en 'n poging op kerklike aandrang (1916-1923). Daarna volg die volgende hervertalings, naamlik 'n dinamies-ekwivalente vertaling in 1983 en in 2007 Die Bybel vir Dowes, ook uitgegee as Die Bybel vir Almal, asook 'n aantal kommersiële vertalings. Die volgende volledige Bybelvertaling in Afrikaans, 'n direkte vertaling, word in 2020 gepubliseer. Hierdie artikel bied 'n analise en beskrywing van die 2020-vertaling as hervertaling deur gebruik te maak van die narratiewe raamteorie van Mona Baker. Enige vertaling representeer die alteriteit of andersheid van 'n vreemde teks en kuituur op 'n unieke, maar 'n verstaanbare wyse. Geen vertaling is egter vry van ideologie nie. 'n Vertaling moet nie normatief beoordeel word nie, maar die taalkundig ingebedde keuses betreffende die keuse en konstruksie van diskoers moet eerder beskryf of vertel word. Die 2020-vertaling word ontleed, waarna die wyse waarop spesifieke sosio-historiese, sosiokulturele en vertaalkundige rame in die vertaling inspeel, verduidelik word. Die organisatoriese raam hanteer kwessies soos die konteks van die vertaling, sy brontekste, die vertaalspan, die vertaalproses en -produk, sowel as die moontlike sosiokulturele impak van die vertaling. Deur van metatekste/paratekste gebruik te maak om die andersheid van die bronkultuur vir lesers te verduidelik en toeganklik te maak, vermy die vertaling die reduk-sionisme van klem op vorm soos in die 1933-vertaling en die klem op betekenis van die 1983-vertaling.
Nog 'n vertaling van die Bybel in Afrikaans: Wat maak dit anders?
Authors: van der Merwe C
Published: February 2021

Die 2020-vertaling is anders as die ander vertalings van die Bybel in Afrikaans omdat daar op 'n innoverende manier 'n wyse gevind moes word om aan die behoeftes van kerke wat die Bybel in Afrikaans gebruik, te voldoen. Dit is naamlik die behoefte aan 'n verstaanbare vertaling in idiomatiese Afrikaans wat baie na aan die bronteks bly. In hierdie alternatiewe vertaalmodel is 'n byna onmoontlike ideaal gestel: 'n "Direkte" vertaling wat poog om die bronteks te vertaal asof die skrywers direk in goeie idiomatiese Afrikaans aangehaal word. Dié vertaalmodel het 'n grondige besinning vereis oor die taalmodel waarmee gewerk sou word. In hierdie verband het die kognitiewe taalkunde waardevolle insigte gebied. Baie van hierdie insigte is nie heeltemal nuut nie, maar eerder verdere ontwikkelings en/of verfynings van tradisionele wyshede waarmee alreeds in die histories-filologiese semantiek gewerk is. 'n Voorbeeld in hierdie verband is die feit dat taal volledig ingebed is in die kultuur en ervarings van die sprekers van die betrokke taal. (Dit is daarom byna onvermydelik dat lesers sommige vertalings nie gaan verstaan nie, tensy die vertaling van toeligtende kommentaar voorsien word.) Verdere waardevolle insigte uit die kognitiewe taalkunde, wat met behulp van voorbeelde geïllustreer word, is dat daar onderskei moet word tussen die prototipiese en minder prototipiese betekenisse van uitdrukkings; dat betekenisverskuiwings geleidelik geskied en dat dit eie aan menslike taal is dat sommige onderskeidings moeilik is om te maak; en dat betekenisonderskeidings tipies met kenmerkende ko- en kontekstuele raamwerke vir elkeen van die onderskeidings gepaard gaan en dat die vorme wat sprekers gebruik of aan hulle taaluitings gee, altyd die primêre uitgangspunt van die interpretasie daarvan moet wees.
Die Hebreeuse grondteks en die 2020-vertaling van die Bybel in Afrikaans
Authors: van Rooy H
Published: February 2021

Wanneer daar besluit word om 'n nuwe vertaling van die Bybel te maak, moet 'n aantal belangrike besluite geneem word. Dit sluit kwessies in soos watter teks vertaal sal word en op watter manier die vertaling sal plaasvind. Wat die Ou Testament betref, is daar besluit om die Masoretiese Teks as basisteks te neem. Verder is daar op die Biblia Hebraica Stuttgartensia (BHS) as die grondteks besluit. Hierdie bydrae fokus op die tekskritiese wyse waarop die vertalers probleme in die teks hanteer het, maar om 'n insig te gee in die oorweging van watter tekskritiese strategie gevolg moet word, word vooraf aandag gegee aan die verskillende benaderings tot die hantering van die bronteks in die proses van Bybelvertaling. Die geskiedenis en aard van die Masoretiese Teks en sy uitgawes word bespreek, en die tekskritiese aantekeninge in drie belangrike uitgawes van die Masoretiese Teks word deurgaans in ag geneem. Hoewel die vertalers nie spesifieke riglyne vir die hantering van tekskritiese probleme op skrif gestel het nie, het die redaksie van die Ou Testament van die 2020-vertaling sekere basiese uitgangspunte gebruik om probleemgevalle te hanteer. Hierdie uitgangspunte word kortliks uiteengesit, waarna enkele voorbeelde bespreek word. Die benadering tot die Masoretiese Teks was konserwatief in die sin dat, sover moontlik, die teks van die Hebreeuse Bybel in die vertaling gevolg is. Soms is daar in problematiese gevalle daarvan afgewyk, maar dit het slegs ná deeglike oorweging geskied. Samevattend kan gesê word dat die 2020-vertaling die Masoretiese Teks so getrou moontlik volg, in sommige gevalle daarvan afgewyk het en sulke afwykings goed gemotiveer het.
Die Ou Testament in die 2020-vertaling: Enkele netelige kwessies
Authors: van Rooy H
Published: February 2021

In 1984 het prof. JP Oberholzer 'n artikel geskryf waarin hy onder andere drie sake behandel waaroor die vertalers van die 1983-vertaling moes besluit. Dit raak die hantering van eiename, mate en gewigte, en die vertaling van Jahwe. Hierdie artikel bespreek hierdie drie sake, asook die hantering van die sogenaamde Messiaanse tekste in die Ou Testament. By die beoordeling van die besluite oor die 1983-vertaling en die 2020-vertaling, word aangesluit by die doelstellings en strategieë van die onderskeie twee vertalings. Wat eiename betref, sluit die 2020-vertaling in die meeste gevalle aan by die 1983-vertaling, maar daar is gepoog om konsekwenter te wees in die manier waarop die Hebreeuse name weergegee word. Geografiese name word minder vertaal as in die 1983-vertaling. Wat mate en gewigte betref, word die Hebreeuse terme behou, omdat dit byvoorbeeld die simboliek van getalle beter weergee. Die naam Jahwe word met "Here", enAdonai met "my Heer"/"die Heef' weergegee. Wat die hantering van die sogenaamde Messiaanse tekste van die Ou Testament betref, is daar besluit op twee uitgawes van die vertaling. Die een hanteer die saak soos die 1983-vertaling, en dui die verband met die Nuwe Testament in voetnote aan. 'n Tweede uitgawe van die 2020-vertaling gebruik, soos die 1933/53-vertaling, hoofletters in die betrekke Ou Testamentiese tekste.
The role of Occupational Therapy in Africa: A scoping review
Authors: Jansen-van Vuuren Julia , Okyere Christiana , Aldersey Heather Michelle
Published: February 2021

Objective: This scoping review explores the role of occupational therapy in African countries including major practice areas, specificactivities within practice areas, and potential considerations unique to the African context.Method: Two authors independently reviewed articles from online database searches and manual searches of reference lists and specificOccupational Therapy journals using a combination of keywords related to 'Occupational Therapy', 'Africa', and 'role'. Articles wereincluded based on pre-determined eligibility criteria (i.e., peer-reviewed, English articles that describe occupational therapists' tasks/activities) and discussion to reach consensus. The authors charted data through content analysis of the articles based on the review'sobjectives prior to drawing out common themes relevant to the African context.Results: Thirty-two articles were included covering twelve African countries, though predominantly focused on South Africa. Findingsdemonstrate that, despite having tasks specific to practice areas, the overarching role of occupational therapy is facilitating engagementin meaningful occupation. Additionally, the findings highlight a vital role for African therapists in community-based services and the needto consider the unique cultural context in practice.Conclusion: Congruent with universal occupational therapy principles, Occupational Therapy in Africa aims to facilitate engagementin meaningful occupation, but therapists should consider their unique cultural context to ensure meaningful and sustainable outcomeswhilst maintaining a valuable universal identityObjective: This scoping review explores the role of occupational therapy in African countries including major practice areas, specific activities within practice areas, and potential considerations unique to the African context.Key words: Occupational Therapy, Occupational Therapists, Africa, role, culture, community-based