bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Gut biomolecules (I-FABP, TFF3 and lipocalin-2) are associated with linear growth and biomarkers of environmental enteric dysfunction (EED) in Bangladeshi children
Authors: Hasan Md. Mehedi , Gazi Md. Amran , Das Subhasish , Fahim Shah Mohammad , Hossaini Farzana , Khan Ar-Rafi , Ferdous Jafrin , Alam Md. Ashraful , Mahfuz Mustafa , Ahmed Tahmeed
Published: August 2022

In the current world, a major challenge to diagnose environmental enteric dysfunction (EED) is the lack of validated non-invasive biomarkers. Intestine derived molecules, including intestinal fatty acid binding protein (I-FABP), trefoil factor-3 (TFF3), lactoferrin, lipocalin-2 (LCN2), and mucin-2, have been reported as indicators of intestinal inflammation and gut health. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the levels of these bio-molecules as biomarkers of EED among under-2 children in Bangladesh. A total of 140 children were recruited in a case–control design. All the biomarkers were measured by ELISA. Spearman’s rank correlation was performed to see the correlation between the biomarkers and the EED score. Moreover, multivariable linear regression was performed to investigate the association of biomarkers with length-for-age z-score (LAZ). TFF3 correlates positively with myeloperoxidase (r = 0.26, p < 0.05) and EED score (r = 0.17, p < 0.05). Likewise, LCN2 correlates positively with myeloperoxidase (r = 0.37, p < 0.05), neopterin (r = 0.33, p < 0.05) and EED score (r = 0.31, p < 0.05). Moreover, multivariable linear regression revealed a negative association of I-FABP with LAZ of the study participants. Our results imply that TFF3 and LCN2 might be promising biomarkers to diagnose intestinal inflammation and EED, while I-FABP is negatively associated with linear growth of Bangladeshi children.
A paradigm shift in the quantification of wave energy attenuation due to saltmarshes based on their standing biomass
Authors: Maza Maria , Lara Javier L. , Losada Iñigo J.
Published: August 2022

Most existing analytical and numerical models to quantify wave energy attenuation attributed to saltmarshes are based on the definition of a drag coefficient that varies with vegetation and wave characteristics and requires calibration, i.e., a case-specific variable. With the aim of determining a new variable to estimate wave energy attenuation without the use of calibration coefficients, wave attenuation caused by different saltmarsh species and the relationship with the ecosystem standing biomass are experimentally studied. Samples of four real saltmarshes with contrasting morphological and biomechanical properties, namely, Spartina sp., Salicornia sp., Halimione sp. and Juncus sp., are collected in the field and placed in a wave flume for testing under different regular and random wave conditions. Two meadow densities are considered, in addition to zero-density cases. Thus, wave damping coefficients are obtained in vegetated cases, β, and bare soil cases, βB, and wave damping produced solely by the meadow standing biomass, βSB, is determined. The obtained wave damping coefficients are related to a new variable, the hydraulic standing biomass (HSB), which is defined as a function of the meadow mean height and standing biomass and incident flow characteristics. Linear fitting relationships between the wave damping coefficient and HSB are obtained, allowing β and βSB estimation without the need for calibration. Therefore, the use of these new relationships facilitates direct quantification of wave energy attenuation due to saltmarshes based on incident wave conditions, mean plant height and meadow standing biomass, variables that can be obtained from aerial images or remote sensing data, extending the applicability of the approach. Another key aspect is that this approach does not depend on any calibration coefficient and can be directly applied with knowledge of the abovementioned characteristics. This may represent a paradigm shift in the estimation of wave energy attenuation attributed to saltmarshes.
Human-likeness and attribution of intentionality predict vicarious sense of agency over humanoid robot actions
Authors: Roselli Cecilia , Ciardo Francesca , De Tommaso Davide , Wykowska Agnieszka
Published: August 2022

Sense of Agency (SoA) is the feeling of being in control of one’s actions and their outcomes. In a social context, people can experience a “vicarious” SoA over another human’s actions; however, it is still controversial whether the same occurs in Human–Robot Interaction (HRI). The present study aimed at understanding whether humanoid robots may elicit vicarious SoA in humans, and whether the emergence of this phenomenon depends on the attribution of intentionality towards robots. We asked adult participants to perform an Intentional Binding (IB) task alone and with the humanoid iCub robot, reporting the time of occurrence of both self- and iCub-generated actions. Before the experiment, participants’ degree of attribution of intentionality towards robots was assessed. Results showed that participants experienced vicarious SoA over iCub-generated actions. Moreover, intentionality attribution positively predicted the magnitude of vicarious SoA. In conclusion, our results highlight the importance of factors such as human-likeness and attribution of intentionality for the emergence of vicarious SoA towards robots.
Advanced antireflection for back-illuminated silicon photomultipliers to detect faint light
Authors: Tao Yuguo , Rajapakse Arith , Erickson Anna
Published: August 2022

Silicon photomultipliers have attracted increasing attention for detecting low-density light in both scientific research and practical applications in recent years; yet the photon losses due to reflection on the light-sensitive planar silicon surface considerably limit its photon detection efficiency. Here we demonstrate an advanced light trapping feature by developing the multi-layer antireflection coatings and the textured silicon surface with upright random nano-micro pyramids, which significantly reduces the reflection of faint light in a wide spectrum, from ultraviolet to infrared. Integrating this advanced photon confinement feature into next-generation back-illuminated silicon photomultiplier would increase the photon detection efficiency with significantly lower reflection and much more active areas. This advanced design feature offers the back-illuminated silicon photomultiplier broader application opportunities exemplified in the emerging scenarios such as nuclear medical imaging, light detection and ranging for autonomous driving, detection of scintillation light in ionizing radiation, as well as high energy physics.
Droplet size and surface hydrophobicity enhance bacterial plasmid transfer rates in microscopic surface wetness
Authors: Orevi Tomer , Sørensen Søren J , Kashtan Nadav
Published: August 2022

Conjugal plasmids constitute a major engine for horizontal gene transfer in bacteria, and are key drivers of the spread of antibiotic resistance, virulence, and metabolic functions. Bacteria in terrestrial habitats often inhabit surfaces that are not constantly water-saturated, where microscopic surface wetness (MSW), comprised of thin liquid films and microdroplets, permanently or intermittently occurs. How physical properties of microdroplets, and of the surfaces they reside on, affect plasmid transfer rates is not well understood. Here, building on microscopy-based microdroplet experiments, we examined the relation between droplet properties (size and spread) and plasmid transfer rates at single-cell and individual droplet resolution, using Pseudomonas putida as a model species. We show that transfer rates increase with droplet size, due to higher densities of cells on the surface in larger droplets, resulting from lower ratio between the area of the liquid-solid interface and droplet volumes. We further show that surface hydrophobicity promotes transfer rates via the same mechanism. Our results provide new insights into how physical properties of surfaces and MSW affect plasmid transfer rates, and more generally, microbial interactions mediated by cell-to-cell contact, with important implications for our understanding of the ecology and evolution of bacteria in unsaturated environments.
A chiral microenvironment promotes retinal progenitor cell proliferation by activating the Akt and ERK pathways
Authors: Sun Na , Wang Jiajing , Dou Xiaoqiu , Wang Yiqi , Yang Yuan , Xiao Dong , Zhao Peiquan , Li Jing , Wang Shuting , Gu Ping , Ji Jing
Published: August 2022

A schematic of the chiral effect on retinal progenitor cells (RPCs) cultured on right-handed helical DP nanofibers. The promotion of RPC proliferation is achieved on the right-handed helical DP nanofibers.
A hybrid hydrogel composed of chitin and β-glucan for the effective management of wound healing and scarring
Authors: Kang Ximeng , Lei Jiaxing , Yang Chen , Zhang Peipei , Li Xiaojiao , Zheng Shaohua , Li Qingqing , Zhang Jiye
Published: August 2022

The hybrid hydrogel could effectively promote the wound healing and inhibit the scarring via regulating various cytokines.
Insights into biochar supported atomically dispersed cobalt as an efficient peroxymonosulfate activator for sulfamethoxazole degradation: robust performance, ROS and surface electron-transfer pathways
Authors: Gu Chunyao , Zhang Yaqin , He Peng , Zhu Jianyu , Gan Min
Published: August 2022

Atomically dispersed catalysts, owing to utmost atomic utilization, have gained widespread interest in SR-AOPs, and yet, tremendous challenges remain in the facile synthesis of efficient, robust, and sustainable catalysts for persulfate activation.
Ligand release from silicon phthalocyanine dyes triggered by X-ray irradiation
Authors: Takakura Hideo , Matsuhiro Shino , Inanami Osamu , Kobayashi Masato , Saita Kenichiro , Yamashita Masaki , Nakajima Kohei , Suzuki Motofumi , Miyamoto Naoki , Taketsugu Tetsuya , Ogawa Mikako
Published: August 2022

We demonstrate the X-ray-induced axial ligand cleavage of silicon phthalocyaninesviaa radical chain reaction.
Synthesis of functionalized S-benzyl dithiocarbamates from diazo-compounds via multi-component reactions with carbon disulfide and secondary amines
Authors: Kumar Nitin , Venkatesh Rapelly , Kandasamy Jeyakumar
Published: August 2022

Triflic acid promoted multicomponent synthesis of functionalized S-benzyl dithiocarbamates from diazo compounds and secondary amines in the presence of carbon disulfide is described.
Cationic gold(i)-catalyzed glycosylation with glycosyl N-1,1-dimethylpropargyl carbamate donors
Authors: Gurung Prem Bahadur , Thapa Prakash , Hettiarachchi Ishani Lakshika , Zhu Jianglong
Published: August 2022

A mild and highly efficient cationic gold(i)-catalyzed glycosylation methodology involving bench stable glycosyl N-1,1-dimethylpropargyl carbamate donors has been developed.
Heterocyclic compounds as a magic bullet for diabetes mellitus: a review
Authors: Farwa Umme , Raza Muhammad Asam
Published: August 2022

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a major metabolic disorder due to hyperglycemia, which is increasing all over the world.
Grafting of the gold surface by heterocyclic moieties derived through electrochemical oxidation of amino triazole – an experimental and “ab initio” study
Authors: Orqusha Nimet
Published: August 2022

Surface modification of gold is accomplished by using the aminyl radicals formed through the electrochemical oxidation of the amino-triazole molecule dissolved in organic media (acetonitrile).
A carboxylated cellulose aerogel for the rapid detection of aniline vapor
Authors: Wang Luyu , Wang Bing , Song Jia
Published: August 2022

Herein, a carboxylated cellulose aerogel is used to realize the efficient and rapid sensing of aniline vapor based on a QCM sensing platform.
A novel quinoline derivative as a highly selective and sensitive fluorescent sensor for Fe3+ detection
Authors: Luo Mingxin , Sun Bo , Zhou Chen , Pan Qingqing , Hou Yue , Zhang Huan , Sun Jing , Zou Chenyang
Published: August 2022

A novel selective and sensitive fluorescent sensor for detecting Fe3+ was designed and synthesized; it revealed obvious fluorescence quenching effect upon addition of Fe3+, and possessed the quantitative analysis ability on account of the formation of a 1 : 1 metal–ligand complex.
Highly conductive thermoresponsive silver nanowire PNIPAM nanocomposite for reversible electrical switch
Authors: Curry Franky , Lim Taehwan , Fontaine Nicholas S. , Adkins Michael D. , Zhang Huanan
Published: August 2022

Thermoresponsive silver nanowire PNIPAM nanocomposite can switch electrical property under different temperatures.
Advances in studying interfacial reactions in rechargeable batteries by photoelectron spectroscopy
Authors: Källquist Ida , Le Ruyet Ronan , Liu Haidong , Mogensen Ronnie , Lee Ming-Tao , Edström Kristina , Naylor Andrew J.
Published: August 2022

X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy is a key characterisation technique in the study of interfacial reactions within modern rechargeable batteries.
A flexible phase change organohydrogel created using Pickering emulsion technology for thermoelectric conversion and temperature sensing
Authors: He Yingying , Wei Yuan , Qian Yangyang , Wang Chunyu , Liu Yijun , Ye Zhixin , Chen Gang
Published: August 2022

A flexible phase change organohydrogel was prepared using Pickering emulsion technology, exhibiting great potential for thermosensitivity, waste heat harvesting and green energy production.
Promoting the conversion of S and Li2S using a Co3O4@NC additive in all-solid-state Li–S batteries
Authors: Zheng Xuefan , Wu Yuqi , Li Cheng , Peng Jinxue , Yang Wu , Lv Zhongwei , Zhong Haoyue , Gong Zhengliang , Yang Yong
Published: August 2022

Co3O4@NC as an electronically conductive additive is prepared to promote the conversion of S and Li2S in all-solid-state Li–S batteries. And an all-solid-state Li–S battery with the S–Co3O4@NC–Li7P3S11 cathode displays greatly enhanced performance.
Electronic modulation of NiO by constructing an amorphous/crystalline heterophase to improve photocatalytic hydrogen evolution
Authors: Cai Linke , Yan Bo , Xue Qian , Li Jiling , Liu Pu , Qi Xueqiang , Yang Guowei
Published: August 2022

An interface between amorphous and crystalline phases plays an important role in improving the photocatalytic performance due to the optimization of both the conductivity and the reaction activity of active sites of cocatalysts simultaneously.
A polyamino acid with zincophilic chains enabling high-performance Zn anodes
Authors: Liu Jiaxing , Song Weihao , Wang Yili , Wang Shuaize , Zhang Tianren , Cao Yinliang , Zhang Shuguo , Xu Chunchuan , Shi Yongzheng , Niu Jin , Wang Feng
Published: August 2022

A polyamino acid with zincophilic chains is introduced as a multifunctional electrolyte additive for uniform Zn deposition and inhibition of side reactions.
A bifunctional VS2–Ti3C2 heterostructure electrocatalyst for boosting polysulfide redox in high performance lithium–sulfur batteries
Authors: Wang Yueyue , Xiong Yuting , Huang Qingyi , Bi Zixuan , Zhang Zexian , Guo Zhenzhen , Wang Xianbao , Mei Tao
Published: August 2022

A bifunctional VS2–Ti3C2 heterostructure electrocatalyst is designed and applied in LSBs, combining suitable adsorption capacity, enhanced catalytic activity, and open channels to achieve a balanced and efficient “capture-diffusion-catalysis” process.
First-principles high-throughput screening of bulk piezo-photocatalytic materials for sunlight-driven hydrogen production
Authors: Liu Zhao , Wang Biao , Chu Dewei , Cazorla Claudio
Published: August 2022

A high-throughput screening of piezo-photocatalytic materials based on first-principles calculations and a simple electrostatic model is presented that identifies new bulk compounds able to catalyse the water splitting reaction under sunlight.
pH-Responsive Au@Pd bimetallic core–shell nanorods for enhanced synergistic targeted photothermal-augmented nanocatalytic therapy in the second near-infrared window
Authors: Tang Zhe , Ali Israt , Hou Yike , Akakuru Ozioma Udochukwu , Zhang Quan , Mushtaq Asim , Zhang Han , Lu Yuguang , Ma Xuehua , Ge Jian , Iqbal M. Zubair , Kong Xiangdong
Published: August 2022

NIR-II-light and pH-responsive Au@Pd core–shell HNRs possessed nanoenzyme-mimicking activity and promising photothermal conversion efficiency, resulting in synergistic tumor therapies (PTT/POD/CAT) to overcome the limitations of traditional chemotherapy.
From molecules in solution to molecules on surfaces – using supramolecular dyads to form functional self-assembled networks on graphene
Authors: Fernez Quentin , Moradmand Shiva , Mattera Michele , Djampa-Tapi William , Fiorini-Debuisschert Céline , Charra Fabrice , Kreher David , Mathevet Fabrice , Arfaoui Imad , Vargas Lydia Sosa
Published: August 2022

The formation of supramolecular dyads that can form ordered, 2D-assemblies on graphene is an intricate process. Using different molecular components allows us to control the positioning of the emissive unit in relation to the graphene substrate.
Preferential zinc sputtering during the growth of aluminum doped zinc oxide thin films by radio frequency magnetron sputtering
Authors: Norrman Kion , Norby Poul , Stamate Eugen
Published: August 2022

Zn depletion by energetic negative oxygen ion re-sputtering is one of the main factors influencing the optoelectronic properties of aluminum doped zinc oxide thin films deposited by RF magnetron sputtering.
Sunlight-driven smart windows with polymer/liquid crystal composites for autonomous control of optical properties
Authors: Ube Toru , Imai Jumpei , Yoshida Marie , Fujisawa Toru , Hasebe Hiroshi , Takatsu Haruyoshi , Ikeda Tomiki
Published: August 2022

Sunlight-driven smart windows were developed with polymer/liquid crystal composites containing donor–acceptor-type azobenzene derivatives.
Influence of pulse duration on mechanical properties and dislocation density of dry laser peened aluminum alloy using ultrashort pulsed laser-driven shock wave
Authors: Yoshida Masayuki , Nishibata Itsuki , Matsuda Tomoki , Ito Yusuke , Sugita Naohiko , Shiro Ayumi , Shobu Takahisa , Arakawa Kazuto , Hirose Akio , Sano Tomokazu
Published: August 2022

This study aims to investigate the influence of the pulse duration on the mechanical properties and dislocation density of an aluminum alloy treated using dry laser peening (DLP), which is a laser peening technique that uses ultrashort pulsed laser-driven shock wave to eliminate the need for a sacrificial overlay under atmospheric conditions. The results of the micro-Vickers hardness test, residual stress measurement, and dislocation density measurement demonstrate that over a pulse duration range of 180 fs to 10 ps, the maximum peening effects are achieved with a pulse duration of 1 ps. Moreover, the most significant DLP effects are obtained by choosing a pulse duration that achieves a laser intensity that simultaneously generates the strongest shock pressure, suppresses optical nonlinear effects, and realizes the least thermal effects, which weaken the shock effects. Shock temperature calculations based on thermodynamic equations also suggest that a laser intensity driving a shock pressure less than 80 GPa, as in the case of a pulse duration of 1 ps in this study, maintains the solid state of the material throughout the process, resulting in significant DLP effects.
Experimental and theoretical examination of shock-compressed copper through the fcc to bcc to melt phase transitions
Authors: Sims Melissa , Briggs Richard , Volz Travis J. , Singh Saransh , Hamel Sebastien , Coleman Amy L. , Coppari Federica , Erskine David J. , Gorman Martin G. , Sadigh Babak , Belof Jon , Eggert Jon H. , Smith Raymond F. , Wicks June K.
Published: August 2022

Recent studies show a face-centered cubic (fcc) to body-centered cubic (bcc) transformation along the shock Hugoniot for several metals (i.e., Cu, Au, and Ag). Here, we combine laser-shock compression of Cu foils on nanosecond timescales with in situ x-ray diffraction (XRD) to examine the microstructural changes with stress. We study the fcc phase and the phase transition from fcc to bcc (pressures greater than 180 GPa). Textural analysis of the azimuthal intensities from the XRD images is consistent with transformation into the bcc phase through the Pitsch-distortion mechanism. We use embedded atom model molecular dynamics simulations to determine the stability of the bcc phase in pressure–temperature space. Our results indicate that the bcc phase is stabilized only at high temperatures and remains stable at pressures greater than 500 GPa.
Strain-dependent elastic asymmetry of alkylthiol-coated gold superlattices: An atomistic molecular dynamics study
Authors: Liu Xuepeng , Xu Kezhong , Ni Yong , Lu Pin , Wang Gangfeng , He Linghui
Published: August 2022

The elastic moduli of most materials in nature are commonly assumed to be identical (symmetric) under compressive and tensile loading. Here, we report an obviously asymmetric elastic property of alkylthiol-capped gold nanocrystal superlattices (NCSLs) in compression and tension computed from fully atomistic molecular dynamics simulations. Elastic asymmetry exhibits a clear trend of increasing with the increasing strain, and we attribute the strain-dependent elastic asymmetry to the variations of interaction between flexible ligand molecules during elastic deformations. In compression, ligand molecules sterically interact more with each other to continuously stiffen the NCSL, while in tension, they interact less and cause less stiffness. Unlike hybrid molecular materials, we find that the terminal groups of ligand molecules in the superstructure play only a minor role in determining the elastic asymmetry of gold NCSLs. In addition, the elastic asymmetry is observed to be essentially independent of ligand length and core size. These findings are expected to deepen our understanding of underlying asymmetric elastic properties of NCSL materials and may find technological applications in device technologies.
Reflection and transmission properties of a finite-length electron plasma grating
Authors: Lehmann G. , Spatschek K. H.
Published: August 2022

Considered here is a plasma grating generated by two counterpropagating short laser pulses. Because of the shortness of the laser pulses, the plasma dynamics are determined by only electrons, which respond to the ponderomotive pressure generated by the interacting laser fields. An electron grating cannot exist for longer than the inverse ion plasma frequency, and so because of the limited time of the ponderomotive pressure, both the life time and spatial extent of an electron grating are finite. When one of the short laser pulses is circularly polarized (propagating in the x direction with electric field vectors in the yz plane) and the other is linearly y-polarized, the electron grating is produced by the y components. Meanwhile, the z component is partially reflected, and only a fraction of it is transmitted. Thus, the finite plasma grating can either alter the polarization of the yz-polarized pulse or act as a pulse splitter. The present paper is focused on the reflection and transmission rates. The action of the density grating on the z component cannot be explained by the Bloch wave theory for infinite crystals, and instead a theory is developed based on four-wave mixing, which explains the transmission and reflection of the z component when interacting with a grating of finite extent.
High-frequency modes in a magnetic buckyball nanoarchitecture
Authors: Cheenikundil Rajgowrav , Bauer Julien , Goharyan Mehrdad , d’Aquino Massimiliano , Hertel Riccardo
Published: August 2022

Artificially fabricated three-dimensional magnetic nanostructures have recently emerged as a new type of magnetic material with the potential of displaying physical properties absent in thin-film geometries. Interconnected nanowire arrays yielding three-dimensional versions of artificial spin-ices are of particular interest within this material category. Despite growing interest in the topic, several properties of these systems are still unexplored. Here, we study, through micromagnetic simulations, the high-frequency dynamic modes developing in buckyball-type magnetic nanoarchitectures. We obtain a characteristic excitation spectrum and analyze the corresponding mode profiles and their magnetic field dependence. The magnetic resonances are localized at different geometric constituents of the structure and depend on the local magnetic configuration. These features foreshow the potential of such systems for reprogrammable magnonic device applications with geometrically tunable frequencies.
Magnetophoretic capacitors for storing single particles and magnetized cells in microfluidic devices
Authors: Abedini-Nassab Roozbeh , Aldaghi Zahra , Dan Yaping
Published: August 2022

Precise positioning of magnetic particles and magnetized cells in lab-on-a-chip systems has attracted broad attention. Recently, drawing inspiration from electrical circuits, we have demonstrated a magnetic particle transport platform composed of patterned magnetic thin films in a microfluidic environment, which accurately moves the particles and single cells to specific spots, called capacitors. However, we have made no prior attempts to optimize the capacitor geometry. Here, we carefully analyze various design parameters and their effect on capacitor operation. We run simulations based on finite element methods and stochastic numerical analysis using our semi-analytical model. We then perform the required experiments to study the loading efficiency of capacitors with different geometries for magnetic particles of multiple sizes. Our experimental results agree well with the design criteria we developed based on our simulation results. We also show the capability of designed capacitors in storing the magnetically labeled cells and illustrate using them in a pilot drug screening application. These results are directly applicable to the design of robust platforms capable of transporting and assembling a large number of single particles and single cells in arrays, which are useful in the emerging field of single-cell analysis.
Can non-invasive methods replace radiocollar-based winter counts in a 50-year wolf study? Lessons learned from a three-winter trial
Authors: Barber-Meyer Shannon Michelle
Published: August 2022

Context Monitoring low-density, elusive predators such as grey wolves (Canis lupus) has often been undertaken via live-capture and radio-collaring. Recent advances in non-invasive methods suggest live-captures may not be necessary for adequate monitoring. Further, non-invasive methods are considered best practice when possible. Aims I evaluated whether a suite of non-invasive methods could replace aerial radiotelemetry to census resident pack wolves. Methods I employed aerial snow-tracking, ground snow-tracking, camera-trapping, non-invasive genetic surveys, and community-scientist reports during three winters (2019–2021) in north-eastern Minnesota, USA to census pack wolves in a 2060 km2 area. I attempted to enumerate individual pack sizes as has been historically undertaken to compile the census. Traditional aerial radiotelemetry methods were also conducted for comparison. Key results Ground snow-tracking and camera-trapping provided the most similar information to radiotelemetry for determining pack counts and territory information, and, in some cases, documented higher pack counts than those obtained by aerial radiotelemetry. Radiotelemetry was the best method for determining pack territories, but was limited to radioed packs. A staggered application of both approaches resulted in increased precision and additional pack-level information without greatly increasing overall field effort. Non-invasive methods allowed trapping for radio-collaring to be reduced to every other year (a 50% reduction), but depending on trapping success, survival of animals, and radio-collar battery life, might even be reduced to every third year. Conclusions In this 3-year trial, non-invasive methods were not sufficient to completely replace radio-collaring. Nevertheless, non-invasive methods allowed for a 50% reduction in trapping, increased the annual wolf-count precision, and increased community involvement. Anticipated technological improvements in non-invasive methods should reduce some issues encountered – but others will likely persist, in part, because of the fundamental nature of non-invasive methods. Implications Less reliance on captures, enhanced pack information, and increased public involvement are all successful outcomes of this 3-year trial of non-invasive methods for monitoring wolf populations. Non-invasive methods continue to broaden and improve technologically, and information from trials such as this will help guide others as they increasingly implement non-invasive methods as partial or complete replacements for traditional capture-based methods.
Fictive motion in the wild
Authors: Matlock Teenie
Published: August 2022

Fictive motion is a form of figurative language that describes the shape and arrangement of objects
in physical space. Examples are The highway goes along the coast, A trail follows the creek for two
miles, and Boulders run along the edge of the property. Such statements typically
feature a motion verb, such as go, run, or follow, and a subject
noun phrase that refers to a linear object or a set of objects in a linear sequence. Despite the objectively
stationary disposition of the scene being described, a fleeting sense of motion is implied. To date, much research on
fictive motion has focused on its semantic profile or how it is comprehended, but little attention has been given to
how fictive motion is used in natural discourse. This chapter provides some background on fictive motion and offers
some new insights on its use in real world spatial descriptions, in particular, in the descriptions of paths in hiking
guides. This work expands existing research on figurative language use, especially how fictive motion is motivated by
and grounded in embodied cognition, why it is used in travel guides, and its potential utility to navigation.
Metaphor and elaboration in context
Authors: Thibodeau Paul H. , Flusberg Stephen J.
Published: August 2022

In this chapter, we situate recent studies of metaphor comprehension and metaphor framing under
broader theories of discourse processing, drawing out the connections between classic work on narratives, schemas, and
elaboration and contemporary research on metaphor. Our analysis emphasizes that language is used to solve coordination
problems in a social-pragmatic context. That is, listeners actively use language in combination with other sources of
information (prior knowledge, gesture, and so on) to construct mental models in working memory that they can use to
make decisions and act in a dynamic social world. Just as reading a sentence like “John went to a restaurant” calls to
mind general knowledge about restaurants – which helps the listener build a richer “online” representation of the
event than is communicated in the linguistic input alone – so too does reading about a “crime epidemic” call to mind
salient schematic knowledge associated with the source domain (VIRUS), which helps the listener build a richer
representation of the target domain (CRIME) that can drive decision-making.
How to talk about motion without verbs
Authors: Mandler Jean M.
Published: August 2022

Infants are fascinated by motion. There is abundant evidence that they are far more interested in
motion than in static objects. This would lead us to expect that, in addition to nouns, motion verbs would figure
prominently in their early vocabularies. But verbs are late, because they are complex and harder to learn than the
names of objects. So infants find other ways to refer to motion. For example, they use prepositions such as
up and down to refer to things moving up and down, and social terms such as
hi and bye to coming in and going out. Infants talk about motion very early –
just not with verbs. This article is dedicated to the memory of Ray Gibbs.
On the role of indirect translation in the history of news production
Authors: Valdeón Roberto A.
Published: August 2022

This article aims to problematize the role of translation in news production as a result of the invisibility of indirect translation (ITr). In the first section, I argue that in journalistic translation ITr is not merely ‘hidden translation’ but rather ‘ignored translation’ as a consequence of the traditional status of the translational activity in journalism and because researchers can hardly find traces of ITr in news production, such as the name of sources, attributions, or paratexts. I then move on to discuss the importance of the various forms of translation in the emergence of journalism in the early modern period. Human conflicts and movement meant that news texts were recycled across Europe, often via ITr. News writers used various sources from different languages and adapted the texts taking into account political and cultural considerations. This establishes a link with contemporary journalism, as news articles are characterized by their multi-authored nature. In addition, translations can be embedded and are often circular rather than linear. In the concluding discussion, I suggest that journalistic translation research, including research into ITr, can benefit not only from interdisciplinary approaches, but also from incorporating historical aspects.
Unitarity in multi-Higgs production using the Schwinger–Dyson equation
Authors: Curko A , Cynolter G
Published: August 2022

In spontaneously broken scalar theories, perturbative and semi-classical calculations show that multi-particle production grows rapidly with the number of scalar particles at sufficiently high energies. According to recent computations, for λn ≫ 1, where n is the multiplicity and λ is the self-coupling, the amplitude grows exponentially with the energy, resulting in a divergent propagator and predicting the violation of perturbative unitarity. In this paper, in the scalar theory the self-consistent Schwinger–Dyson equation is solved in the spectral representation and the transition rate is calculated. We find an amplitude growing quadratically with the energy which leads to an asymptotically decreasing propagator.
The upper bound of low cycle fatigue life of pseudoelastic polycrystalline NiTi shape memory alloys
Authors: Zhang Yahui , Chai Xinliang , Ju Xiaofei , Zhu Jihong , Moumni Ziad , Zhang Weihong
Published: August 2022

The coupling between transformation-induced plasticity (TRIP) and low cycle fatigue of pseudoelastic shape memory alloys (SMAs) is investigated and an upper bound of low cycle fatigue life is found. Through combined in-situ infrared and digital image correlation observations on NiTi sheets, we reveal that the low cycle fatigue of SMAs is governed by the transformation band fronts with the highest temperature where TRIP is maximized. The local state at the band front is in fact determined by a coupling effect of the applied loads and thermal conditions, the former driving the transformation with heat release while the latter determining the heat transfer efficiency. This coupling leads the fatigue lives to distribute along a series of isotherms. As the coupling tends to be infinitesimal, local TRIP is limited to a minimum level, thus resulting in an upper bound of low cycle fatigue life. This agrees well with the experiments.
Erratum to “Accurate determination of film thickness by low-angle x-ray reflection”
Authors: Xu Ming , Yang Tao , Yu Wenxue , Yang Ning , Liu Cuixiu , Mai Zhenhong , Lai Wuyan , Tao Kun
Published: August 2022

Equation (6) in Chin. Phys.
09 0833 (2000) is corrected. All subsequent derivations were given based on the correct Eq. (6), so the conclusions in the paper are not affected by the errata.
Advances and challenges in DFT-based energy materials design
Authors: Kang Jun , Zhang Xie , Wei Su-Huai
Published: August 2022

The growing worldwide energy needs call for developing novel materials for energy applications. Ab initio density functional theory (DFT) calculations allow the understanding and prediction of material properties at the atomic scale, thus, play an important role in energy materials design. Due to the fast progress of computer power and development of calculation methodologies, DFT-based calculations have greatly improved their predictive power, and are now leading to a paradigm shift towards theory-driven materials design. The aim of this perspective is to introduce the advances in DFT calculations which accelerate energy materials design. We first present state-of-the-art DFT methods for accurate simulation of various key properties of energy materials. Then we show examples of how these advances lead to the discovery of new energy materials for photovoltaic, photocatalytic, thermoelectric, and battery applications. The challenges and future research directions in computational design of energy materials are highlighted at the end.
Soliton molecules, T-breather molecules and some interaction solutions in the (2+1)-dimensional generalized KDKK equation
Authors: Zhang Yiyuan , Liu Ziqi , Qi Jiaxin , An Hongli
Published: August 2022

By employing the complexification method and velocity resonant principle to N-solitons of the (2+1)-dimensional generalized Konopelchenko–Dubrovsky–Kaup–Kupershmidt (KDKK) equation, we obtain the soliton molecules, T-breather molecules, T-breather–L-soliton molecules and some interaction solutions when N ≤ 6. Dynamical behaviors of these solutions are discussed analytically and graphically. The method adopted can be effectively used to construct soliton molecules and T-breather molecules of other nonlinear evolution equations. The results obtained may be helpful for experts to study the related phenomenon in oceanography and atmospheric science.
Influence of acceleration on relativistic nonlinear Thomson scattering in tightly focused linearly polarized laser pulses
Authors: Chang Yifan , Wang Yubo , Wang Chang , Shen Yuting , Tian Youwei
Published: August 2022

The influence of acceleration of electrons on relativistic nonlinear Thomson scattering in tightly focused linearly polarized laser pulses is investigated for the first time. In the framework of classical electrodynamics, it is deduced and found that the more severe the change in the electron transverse acceleration, the stronger the asymmetry of the radiation angle distribution, and the greater the transverse acceleration, the greater the radiation energy. Tightly focused, ultrashort, and high-intensity lasers lead to violent electron acceleration processes, resulting in a bifurcated radiation structure with asymmetry and higher energy. Additionally, a change in the initial phase of the laser brings about periodic change of the acceleration, which in turn makes the radiation change periodically with the initial phase. In other cases, the radiation is in a symmetrical double-peak structure. These phenomena will help us to modulate radiation with more energy collimation.
Nano Ag-enhanced photoelectric conversion efficiency in all-inorganic, hole-transporting-layer-free CsPbIBr2 perovskite solar cells
Authors: Huang Youming , Wu Yizhi , Xu Xiaoliang , Qin Feifei , Zhang Shihan , An Jiakai , Wang Huijie , Liu Ling
Published: August 2022

All-inorganic, hole-transporting-layer-free CsPbIBr2 perovskite solar cells have great potential for development, but their device performance needs to be further improved. Recently, metal nanostructures have been successfully applied in the field of solar cells to improve their performance. Nano Ag-enhanced power conversion efficiency (PCE) in one CsPbIBr2 perovskite solar cell utilizing localized surface plasmons of Ag nanoparticles (NPs) on the surface has been researched experimentally and by simulation in this paper. The localized surface plasmon resonance of Ag NPs has a near-field enhancement effect, which is expected to improve the light absorption of CsPbIBr2 perovskite photovoltaic devices. In addition, Ag NPs have a forward-scattering effect on the incident light, which can also improve the performance of CsPbIBr2-based perovskite photovoltaic devices. By directly assembling Ag NPs (with a size of about 150 nm) on the surface of fluorine-doped tin oxide it is found when the particle surface coverage is 10%, the CsPbIBr2 perovskite photovoltaic device achieves a best PCE of 2.7%, which is 9.76% higher than that of the control group. Without changing any existing structure in the ready-made solar cell, this facile and efficient method has huge applications. To the best of our knowledge, this paper is the first report on nano Ag-enhanced photoelectric conversion efficiency in this kind of CsPbIBr2 perovskite solar cell.
Quasi-two-body

decays in the perturbative QCD approach*
Authors: Zhang Zhi-Qing , Zhao Yan-Chao , Guan Zhi-Lin , Sun Zhi-Jie , Zhang Zi-Yu , He Ke-Yi
Published: August 2022

In this study, we investigate quasi-two-body

decays in the perturbative QCD approach. Two-meson distribution amplitudes are introduced to describe the final state interactions of the

pair, which involve time-like form factors and Gegenbauer polynomials. We calculate the CP averaged branching ratios of the

decays. Our results are in agreement with newly updated data measured by Belle II. This suggests that it is more appropriate to analyze these quasi-two-body B decays in the three-body framework than the two-body framework. We also predict direct CP asymmetries for the considered decay modes and find that

is small and less than

% in magnitude, whereas

is larger and can reach a few percent. Our predictions can be tested in future B meson experiments.
Decadal validation of the LASP TRF cryogenic radiometer by NIST, and establishment of a replacement room temperature standard*
Authors: White M G , Heuerman K , Shaw P S , Stephens M S , Tomlin N A , Yung C , Lehman J H , Rice J , Rutkowski J , Straatsma C , Pilewskie P , Richard E , Harber D
Published: August 2022

We present the results of a recent, extensive measurement campaign validating the traceability of the solar irradiance record and Earth radiation budget data. The campaign also established future traceability, thus ensuring confidence in the continuing climate-data record. The total solar irradiance radiometer facility (TRF) at the Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics (LASP) Boulder, uses a liquid helium cooled cryogenic radiometer as the reference standard for the validation of spaceflight total solar irradiance (TSI) instrumentation. In 2008 the radiometer was directly compared to the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) Primary Optical Watt Radiometer (POWR) at a wavelength of 532.12 nm. At TSI power levels, a correction factor of 1.000 306 with an associated standard uncertainty (u) of 0.000 098, was reported for the TRF radiometer scale when using external voltage measurement electronics, and not correcting for cavity heating non-equivalence or cavity absorptance. The TRF radiometer has recently been revalidated at LASP using a POWR calibrated silicon photodiode trap transfer standard named TT4. We report a correction factor of 0.999 787, u = 0.000 285 to align the TRF radiometer scale with the current NIST POWR scale. A new room temperature reference standard radiometer was established. It measured 133 parts per million (ppm) higher than POWR using the same silicon transfer standard as above, and in a separate direct measurement, 168 ppm lower than the TRF radiometer shuttered at 400 s full shutter cycle. The difference agrees within stated uncertainties. A correction of 0.999 867, u = 0.000 247 will align the new radiometer scale with the NIST radiant power scale of POWR.
Effect of height constraints on unidirectional pedestrian flow
Authors: Chen Juan , Shi Dongdong , Ma Jian , Chen Jun
Published: August 2022

In case of fire evacuation, pedestrians would have to utmost minimize their exposure to smoke and meanwhile escape as fast as possible. Under these circumstances, the smoke layer forms a height constraint for the pedestrians. Understanding pedestrian movement features, especially in response to the discrepancy smoke layer heights, is vital to the evacuation safety evaluation. In the present paper, a series of unidirectional pedestrian movement experiments under controlled laboratory conditions were performed by setting five different height constraints (H = 1.0, 1.2, 1.4, 1.6 and 2.0 m). The trajectories of each pedestrian in all scenarios have been extracted from video recordings of the experiments. With these data, typical pedestrian behaviors including lane formation and overtaking have been identified and discussed. Time-space characteristics were also detailed to explore the effect of height constraint. As indicated by the distribution of the nth-nearest neighbor, the available heights only have a slight influence on the collision avoidance feature. However, the height constraints do affect the speed and specific flow with increasing pedestrian density. For a height constraint of H = 1.2 m, the pedestrian speed presented a clear drop when compared with the height constraint of H = 1.4 m. What is more, in the density range of this study, the maximum flow is not observed for height constraints of H = 1.4, 1.6 and 2.0 m, however, the flow reaches its maximum value of 0.58 and 0.78 for constraint heights H = 1.0 and 1.2 m, respectively. These findings provide not only fundamental data of pedestrian movement with height constraints, but also new insights into the complex pedestrian movement features in an emergency.
Natural Radionuclide characterization on Baltim-El Burullus coastal sediments and their risk assessments
Authors: Sallam A M , Faheim A A , El-Elshafiey Z A , Amamer Shimaa , El Feky MG
Published: August 2022

The Egyptian black sand occurs especially along the beaches of northern part of the Nile Delta. Baltim-El Burullus coastal sediments lie between Longitudes 30° 10′ and 34° 15′E, and Latitudes 31° 10′and 31° 35′N. Sixty two samples from Baltim-El Burullus coastal plain were measured radio metrically by using Na-I detector for determination of 238U, 232Th, 226Ra eU and 40K concentrations. 238U concentration ranged from 1 to 5 ppm with 1.63 as an average, 232Th from 1 to 10 ppm with average 3.66 ppm, 226Ra (eU) from 1 to 6 with 1.92 as an average and 40K from 0.10 to 2.55 with average (0.76). The studied stream sediments could be intimated to different sources, leading to variability in contribution of the radioelements, thus the activity concentration of 40K > 232Th > 226Ra> 238U. eU / Ra eU ratios average (0.66), is lower than unity indicate the disequilibrium in the studied coastal sediments, suggesting disequilibrium with uranium migration out. The inter-element relations show the presence of U and Th in discrete minerals or their separate migration. The radiological hazard parameters, like the dose rate (D), the annual effective dose equivalent (AEDE), radium equivalent activity (Raeq), external (Hex), internal (Hin) hazard indices and gamma index (Iγ) were estimated for these sediments and compared with the permissible international limits. Nearly, all the studied samples are within the recommended permissible levels for most environmental parameters, with the exception of some samples lie out of the limits.
Smart, Self-cleaning coating Based Ultra-Hydrophobic Copolymer Nano-composites
Authors: Ibrahim S. , Labeeb A.
Published: August 2022

Ultra-hydrophobic (UH) surfaces have gained a great attention due to the high potential for tremendous applications. Simplified preparation technique was used with low-cost value to produce UH nano-composites coating. Copolymer nano-composites have numerous advantages as a flexible coating through the huge covering volume/area. The molecular weight of prepared copolymer was defined with gel permeation chromatography. UH coating films were investigated with differential scanning calorimetry, dynamic laser scattering, transmission electron microscopy, atomic force microscope, and dielectrically study. The contact angle of UH coating film and surface area were measured. Copolymer coating with 9% loaded ratio of nanocomposite given 132° contact angel with excellent nano particle size, and surface area. The zeta potential results indicated to perfect stability of ecofriendly emulsified coating. The main aim of research was verified the ability of prepared copolymer nano-composites as a UH self-cleaning coating film on different applications especially solar panel and packaging substrates.