bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Populism and Institutional Culture Of Journalism: Trump's Attack on the Media
Authors: Džihana Amer , Hrnjić Kuduzović Zarfa , Delić Amela
Published: March 2022

The digital media ecosystem, in which weakened professional journalism is facing a growing number of right-wing media platforms and an increasing role of social media in public communications, is a fertile ground for the development of populism, which neoliberal policies and media mediatization have paved the way for. The commercial media logic, in the case of Donald Trump, proved to be a weak point of the American media system because the public interest was left behind the interests of media organizations whose primary goal is to make a profit. Professional media, labeled fake news, have tried to restore the lost reputation in society and re-establish the social significance of professional journalism. However, numerous analyzes indicate that it will not be enough just to reaffirm existing concepts and values, but that it is necessary to build new professional cultures. Trump's legacy concerning established media and professional journalism has not brought any special news to the media and journalists in Bosnia and Herzegovina (BiH) who have been operating in a very unfavorable environment for the past30 years, in which populism is a modus operandi of political action. However, the transformations of journalism that are announced as a result of the relationship between the media and authoritarian populists in democratic societies need not go unnoticed in BiH because the existing weak institutional culture of journalism could be used as a tool to further empower populists.
Circular Polarization in Atmospheric Aerosols
Authors: Gassó Santiago , Knobelspiesse Kirk David
Published: March 2022

Abstract. Recent technological advances have demonstrated the feasibility of deploying spaceborne optical detectors with full polarimetric capabilities. The measurement of all four Stokes coefficients opens significant new opportunities for atmospheric aerosol studies and applications. While considerable amounts of attention have been dedicated to sensors with sensitivity to the total intensity and linear polarization (represented by Stokes coefficients I, U, Q), there has been less attention to the additional information brought by measuring circular polarization (coefficient V). This report fills this gap in knowledge by providing an overview of aerosol sources of circular polarization in the atmosphere and discusses possible remote sensing signatures. In this manuscript, circularly polarized radiation that results from the interaction of incident unpolarized radiation are considered in three physical settings: optical activity originating in biogenic aerosols, alignment of non-spherical particles in the presence of electrical fields (such as dust, smoke, and volcanic ash) and aerosol multiple scattering effects. Observational and theoretical evidence of, and the settings and conditions for non-zero aerosol circular polarization generated from incident unpolarized radiation are here gathered and discussed. In addition, novel radiative transfer simulations are shown to illustrate notable spectral and other features where circular polarization may provide additional information that is possibly independent from total intensity and linear polarization only observations. Current techniques for detection of aerosol composition (also referred as aerosol type) from space provide limited information. Remote identification of aerosols such as smoke, volcanic ash, and dust particles can only be accomplished with some degree of confidence for moderate to high concentrations. When the same aerosols are found at lower concentrations (but still high enough to be of importance for air quality and other concerns), these methods often produce ambiguous results. Thus, the exploration of additional optical techniques is of interest to improve remote detection of aerosol composition. This study is presented as an overview with a goal to provide a new perspective on an overlooked optical property and to trigger interest in further exploration of this subject.
Continuous CH4 and δ13CH4 measurements in London demonstrate under-reported natural gas leakage
Authors: Saboya Eric , Zazzeri Giulia , Graven Heather , Manning Alistair J. , Englund Michel Sylvia
Published: March 2022

Abstract. Top-down greenhouse gas measurements can be used to
independently assess the accuracy of bottom-up emission estimates. We
report atmospheric methane (CH4) mole fractions and δ13CH4 measurements from Imperial College London from early
2018 onwards using a Picarro G2201-i analyser. Measurements from March 2018 to
October 2020 were compared to simulations of CH4 mole fractions and
δ13CH4 produced using the NAME (Numerical Atmospheric-dispersion Modelling Environment) dispersion model coupled
with the UK National Atmospheric Emissions Inventory, UK NAEI, and a
global inventory, the Emissions Database for Global Atmospheric Research (EDGAR), with model spatial resolutions of ∼ 2, ∼ 10, and ∼ 25 km. Simulation–measurement
comparisons are used to evaluate London emissions and the source
apportionment in the global (EDGAR) and UK national (NAEI) emission
inventories. Observed mole fractions were underestimated by 30 %–35 % in
the NAEI simulations. In contrast, a good correspondence between
observations and EDGAR simulations was seen. There was no correlation
between the measured and simulated δ13CH4 values for
either NAEI or EDGAR, however, suggesting the inventories' sectoral
attributions are incorrect. On average, natural gas sources accounted for
20 %–28 % of the above background CH4 in the NAEI simulations and
only 6 %–9 % in the EDGAR simulations. In contrast, nearly 84 % of
isotopic source values calculated by Keeling plot analysis (using
measurement data from the afternoon) of individual pollution events were
higher than −45 ‰, suggesting the primary CH4
sources in London are actually natural gas leaks. The simulation–observation
comparison of CH4 mole fractions suggests that total emissions in
London are much higher than the NAEI estimate (0.04 Tg CH4 yr−1)
but close to, or slightly lower than, the EDGAR estimate (0.10 Tg CH4 yr−1). However, the simulation–observation comparison of δ13CH4 and the Keeling plot results indicate that emissions due
to natural gas leaks in London are being underestimated in both the UK NAEI
and EDGAR.
Observations of aerosol–vapor pressure deficit–evaporative fraction coupling over India
Authors: Sarangi Chandan ,   TC Chakraborty, Tripathi Sachchidanand , Krishnan Mithun , Morrison Ross , Evans Jonathan , Mercado Lina M.
Published: March 2022

Abstract. Northern India is a densely populated subtropical region with heavy aerosol
loading (mean aerosol optical depth or AOD is ∼0.7), frequent
heat waves, and strong atmosphere–biosphere coupling, making it ideal for
studying the impacts of aerosols and the temperature variation in latent heat flux (LH) and evaporative fraction (EF). Here, using in situ observations during the onset of the summer monsoon over a semi-natural grassland site in this region, we confirm that strong co-variability exists among aerosols, LH, air temperature (Tair), and the vapor pressure deficit (VPD). Since the surface evapotranspiration is strongly controlled by both physical (available energy and moisture demand) and physiological (canopy and aerodynamic resistance) factors, we separately analyze our data for different combinations of aerosols and Tair/VPD changes. We find that aerosol loading and warmer conditions both reduce sensible heat (SH). Furthermore, we find that an increase in atmospheric VPD tends to decrease the gross primary
production (GPP) and, thus, LH, most likely as a response to stomatal closure of the dominant grasses at this location. In contrast, under heavy aerosol loading, LH is enhanced partly due to the physiological control exerted by the diffuse radiation fertilization effect (thus increasing EF). Moreover, LH and EF increases with aerosol loading even under heat wave conditions, indicating a decoupling of the plant's response to the VPD enhancement (stomatal closure) in the presence of high aerosol conditions. Our results encourage detailed in situ experiments and mechanistic modeling of AOD–VPD–EF coupling for a better understanding of Indian monsoon dynamics and crop vulnerability in a heat stressed and heavily polluted future India.
Biomass burning pollution in the South Atlantic upper troposphere: GLORIA trace gas observations and evaluation of the CAMS model
Authors: Johansson Sören , Wetzel Gerald , Friedl-Vallon Felix , Glatthor Norbert , Höpfner Michael , Kleinert Anne , Neubert Tom , Sinnhuber Björn-Martin , Ungermann Jörn
Published: March 2022

Abstract. In this study, we present simultaneous airborne measurements of peroxyacetyl nitrate (PAN), ethane (C2H6), formic acid (HCOOH), methanol (CH3OH), and ethylene (C2H4) above the South Atlantic in September and October 2019. Observations were obtained from the Gimballed Limb Observer for Radiance Imaging of the Atmosphere (GLORIA), as two-dimensional altitude cross sections along the flight path. The flights were part of the SouthTRAC (Transport and Composition in the Southern Hemisphere Upper Troposphere/Lower Stratosphere) campaign with the German High Altitude and Long Range Research Aircraft (HALO). On two flights (8 September 2019 and 7 October 2019), large enhancements of all these substances were found between 7 and 14 km altitude with maximum volume mixing ratios (VMRs) of 1000 pptv for PAN, 1400 pptv for C2H6, 800 pptv for HCOOH, 4500 pptv for CH3OH, and 200 pptv for C2H4. One flight showed a common filamentary structure in the trace gas distributions, while the second flight is characterized by one large plume. Using backward trajectories, we show that measured pollutants likely reached upper troposphere and lower stratosphere (UTLS) altitudes above South America and central Africa, where elevated PAN VMRs are visible at the surface layer of the Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service (CAMS) model during the weeks before both measurements. In comparison to results of the CAMS reanalysis interpolated onto the GLORIA measurement geolocations, we show that the model is able to reproduce the overall structure of the measured pollution trace gas distributions. For PAN, the absolute VMRs are in agreement with the GLORIA measurements. However, C2H6 and HCOOH are generally underestimated by the model, while CH3OH and C2H4, the species with the shortest atmospheric lifetimes of the pollution trace gases discussed, are overestimated by CAMS. The good agreement between model and observations for PAN suggests that the general transport pathways and emissions locations are well captured by the model. The poorer agreement for other species is therefore most likely linked to model deficiencies in the representation of loss processes and emission strength.
Ozone formation sensitivity study using machine learning coupled with the reactivity of volatile organic compound species
Authors: Zhan Junlei , Liu Yongchun , Ma Wei , Zhang Xin , Wang Xuezhong , Bi Fang , Zhang Yujie , Wu Zhenhai , Li Hong
Published: March 2022

Abstract. The formation of ground-level ozone (O3) is dependent on both
atmospheric chemical processes and meteorological factors. In this study, a
random forest (RF) model coupled with the reactivity of volatile organic
compound (VOC) species was used to investigate the O3 formation
sensitivity in Beijing, China, from 2014 to 2016, and evaluate the relative
importance (RI) of chemical and meteorological factors to O3 formation.
The results showed that the O3 prediction performance using
concentrations of measured/initial VOC species (R2=0.82/0.81) was
better than that using total VOC (TVOC) concentrations (R2=0.77).
Meanwhile, the RIs of initial VOC species correlated well with their O3
formation potentials (OFPs), which indicate that the model results can be
partially explained by the maximum incremental reactivity (MIR) method.
O3 formation presented a negative response to nitrogen oxides
(NOx) and relative humidity (RH), and a positive response to temperature (T), solar radiation (SR), and VOCs. The O3 isopleth
calculated by the RF model was generally comparable with those calculated
by the box model. O3 formation shifted from a VOC-limited regime to a
transition regime from 2014 to 2016. This study demonstrates that the RF
model coupled with the initial concentrations of VOC species could provide
an accurate, flexible, and computationally efficient approach for O3
sensitivity analysis.
Land Management Contributes significantly to observed Vegetation Browning in Syria during 2001–2018
Authors: Chen Tiexi , Guo Renjie , Yan Qingyun , Chen Xin , Zhou Shengjie , Liang Chuanzhuang , Wei Xueqiong , Dolman Han
Published: March 2022

Abstract. Climate change and human activities have significant
impacts on terrestrial vegetation. Syria is a typical arid region with a
water-limited ecosystem and has experienced severe social unrest over the
last decades. In this study, changes in vegetation and potential drivers in
Syria are investigated. By using an enhanced vegetation index (EVI), a
general browning trend is found in Syria during 2001–2018, with the EVI
decreasing at a rate of −0.8 × 10−3 yr−1 (p<0.1). The decrease of the EVI is mainly found in the north region, whereas
the west region still maintains an increasing trend. The residual analysis
indicates that besides precipitation, human activities also contribute
significantly to the EVI decrease, which is confirmed by the decrease in
rainfall use efficiency. Moreover, a paired land-use experiment (PLUE)
analysis is carried out in the Khabur River basin where croplands are widely
distributed in adjacent regions of Syria and Turkey. The time series of the
EVIs over these two regions are highly correlated (r=0.8027, p<0.001), indicating that both regions are affected by similar climate
forcing. However, vegetation in Syria and Turkey illustrates contrary
browning (−3 × 10−3 yr−1, p<0.01) and greening
trends (4.5 × 10−3 yr−1, p<0.01), respectively.
Relevant reports have noted that social unrest induced insufficient
irrigation and lack of seeds, fertilizers, pesticides and field management.
Therefore, we concluded that the decline in vegetation in the north Syria is
driven by the change of land management.
An update on the 4D-LETKF data assimilation system for the whole neutral atmosphere
Authors: Koshin Dai , Sato Kaoru , Kohma Masashi , Watanabe Shingo
Published: March 2022

Abstract. The four-dimensional local ensemble transform Kalman
filter (4D-LETKF) data assimilation system for the whole neutral atmosphere
is updated to better represent disturbances with wave periods shorter than 1 d in the mesosphere and lower thermosphere (MLT) region. First,
incremental analysis update (IAU) filtering is introduced to reduce the
generation of spurious waves arising from the insertion of the analysis
updates. The IAU is better than other filtering methods, and also is
commonly used for middle atmospheric data assimilation. Second, the order of
horizontal diffusion in the forecast model is changed to reproduce the more
realistic tidal amplitudes that were observed by satellites. Third, the
Sounding of the Atmosphere using Broadband Emission Radiometry (SABER) and
Special Sensor Microwave Imager/Sounder (SSMIS) observations in the
stratosphere and mesosphere also are assimilated. The performance of the
resultant analyses is evaluated by comparing them with the mesospheric winds
from meteor radars, which are not assimilated. The representation of
assimilation products is greatly improved not only for the zonal mean field
but also for short-period and/or horizontally small-scale disturbances.
Earth system model parameter adjustment using a Green's functions approach
Authors: Strobach Ehud , Molod Andrea , Barahona Donifan , Trayanov Atanas , Menemenlis Dimitris , Forget Gael
Published: March 2022

Abstract. We demonstrate the practicality and effectiveness of using a Green's functions estimation approach for adjusting uncertain parameters in an Earth system model (ESM). This estimation approach has previously been applied to an intermediate-complexity climate model and to individual ESM components, e.g., ocean, sea ice, or carbon cycle components. Here, the Green's functions approach is applied to a state-of-the-art ESM that comprises a global atmosphere/land configuration of the Goddard Earth Observing System (GEOS) coupled to an ocean and sea ice configuration of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology general circulation model (MITgcm). Horizontal grid spacing is approximately 110 km for GEOS and 37–110 km for MITgcm. In addition to the reference GEOS-MITgcm simulation, we carried out a series of model sensitivity experiments, in which 20 uncertain parameters are perturbed. These “control” parameters can be used to adjust sea ice, microphysics, turbulence, radiation, and surface schemes in the coupled simulation. We defined eight observational targets: sea ice fraction, net surface shortwave radiation, downward longwave radiation, near-surface temperature, sea surface temperature, sea surface salinity, and ocean temperature and salinity at 300 m. We applied the Green's functions approach to optimize the values of the 20 control parameters so as to minimize a weighted least-squares distance between the model and the eight observational targets. The new experiment with the optimized parameters resulted in a total cost reduction of 9 % relative to a simulation that had already been adjusted using other methods. The optimized experiment attained a balanced cost reduction over most of the observational targets. We also report on results from a set of sensitivity experiments that are not used in the final optimized simulation but helped explore options and guided the optimization process. These experiments include an assessment of sensitivity to the number of control parameters and to the selection of observational targets and weights in the cost function. Based on these sensitivity experiments, we selected a specific definition for the cost function. The sensitivity experiments also revealed a decreasing overall cost as the number of control variables was increased. In summary, we recommend using the Green's functions estimation approach as an additional fine-tuning step in the model development process. The method is not a replacement for modelers' experience in choosing and adjusting sensitive model parameters. Instead, it is an additional practical and effective tool for carrying out final adjustments of uncertain ESM parameters.
Technical note: c-u-curve: A method to analyse, classify and compare dynamical systems by uncertainty and complexity
Authors: Ehret Uwe , Dey Pankaj
Published: March 2022

Abstract. We propose and provide a proof-of-concept of a method to analyse, classify and compare dynamical systems of arbitrary dimension by the two key features uncertainty and complexity. It starts by subdividing the system’s time-trajectory into a number of time slices. For all values in a time slice, the Shannon information entropy is calculated, measuring within-slice variability. System uncertainty is then expressed by the mean entropy of all time slices. We define system complexity as “uncertainty about uncertainty”, and express it by the entropy of the entropies of all time slices. Calculating and plotting uncertainty u and complexity c for many different numbers of time slices yields the c-u-curve. Systems can be analysed, compared and classified by the c-u-curve in terms of i) its overall shape, ii) mean and maximum uncertainty, iii) mean and maximum complexity, and iv) its characteristic time scale expressed by the width of the time slice for which maximum complexity occurs. We demonstrate the method at the example of both synthetic and real-world time series (constant, random noise, Lorenz attractor, precipitation and streamflow) and show that the shape and properties of the respective c-u-curves clearly reflect the particular characteristics of each time series. For the hydrological time series we also show that the c-u-curve characteristics are in accordance with hydrological system understanding. We conclude that the c-u-curve method can be used to analyse, classify and compare dynamical systems. In particular, it can be used to classify hydrological systems into similar groups, a precondition for regionalization, and it can be used as a diagnostic measure which can be used as an objective function in hydrological model calibration. Distinctive features of the method are i) that it is based on unit-free probabilities, thus permitting application to any kind of data, ii) that it is bounded, iii) that it naturally expands from single- to multivariate systems, and iv) that it is applicable to both deterministic and probabilistic value representations, permitting e.g. application to ensemble model predictions.
Modelling tides and storm surge using intertidal bathymetry derived from the waterline method applied to multispectral satellite images
Authors: Costa Wagner Luiz Langer , Bryan Karin Roisin , Coco Giovanni
Published: March 2022

Abstract. Bathymetric data are essential for accurate predictions of flooding in estuaries, because water depth is a fundamental component in the shallow-water hydrodynamic equations used in numerical models. Where LiDAR or acoustic in-situ surveys are unavailable, recent efforts have centred on the use of satellite images to estimate bathymetry (SDB). This work is aimed at (1) determining the accuracy of SDB, and (2) assessing the suitability of the SDB for surge/tidal modelling of estuaries. The SDB is created by extracting the waterline as it tracks over the bathymetry with changing tides, and is applied to 4 different estuaries in New Zealand: Whitianga, Maketū, Ōhiwa and Tauranga Harbour. Results show that the waterline method provides similar bathymetries to the LiDAR with root-mean squared error equal to 0.2 m, and it is slightly improved when two proposed correction methods are applied to the bathymetry derivations: the removing of statistical bias (by 2 cm) and hydrodynamic modelling correction (by 1 cm). Finally, the use of SDB in numerical simulations of surge levels is assessed for Tauranga Harbour with 4 different scenarios that explore the use of SDB in comparison to bathymetry data collected using non-satellite survey methods. One of these includes the well-known Stumpf-ratio method to extract the SDB of subtidal regions (so that only satellite information is used). The use of the satellite derived bathymetry in hydrodynamic models does not result in significant differences in terms of water levels, when compared with the scenario modelled using surveyed bathymetry.
Submarine landslide source modeling using the 3D slope stability analysis method for the 2018 Palu, Sulawesi, tsunami
Authors: Somphong Chatuphorn , Suppasri Anawat , Pakoksung Kwanchai , Nagasawa Tsuyoshi , Narita Yuya , Tawatari Ryunosuke , Iwai Shohei , Mabuchi Yukio , Fujita Saneiki , Moriguchi Shuji , Terada Kenjiro , Athanasius Cipta , Imamura Fumihiko
Published: March 2022

Abstract. Studies have indicated that submarine landslides played
an important role in the 2018 Sulawesi tsunami event, damaging the coast of
Palu Bay in addition to the earthquake source. Most of these studies relied
on observed coastal subaerial landslides to reproduce tsunamis but could
still not fully explain the observational data. Recently, several numerical
models included hypothesized submarine landslides that were taken into
account to obtain a better explanation of the event. In this study, for the
first time, submarine landslides were simulated by applying a numerical
model based on Hovland's 3D slope stability analysis for cohesive–frictional
soils. To specify landslide volume and location, the model assumed an
elliptical slip surface on a vertical slope of 27 m of mesh-divided terrain
and evaluated the minimum safety factor in each mesh area based on the
surveyed soil property data extracted from the literature. The soil data
were assumed as seabed conditions. The landslide output was then substituted
into a two-layer numerical model based on a shallow-water equation to
simulate tsunami propagation. The tsunamis induced by the submarine
landslide that were modeled in this study were combined with the other
tsunami components, i.e., coseismal deformation and tsunamis induced by previous literature's observed subaerial coastal collapse, and validated with
various post-event field observational data, including tsunami run-up heights
and flow depths around the bay, the inundation area around Palu city,
waveforms recorded by the Pantoloan tide gauge, and video-inferred waveforms. The model generated several submarine landslides, with lengths of
0.2–2.0 km throughout Palu Bay. The results confirmed the existence of
submarine landslide sources in the southern part of the bay and showed
agreement with the observed tsunami data, including run-ups and flow depths.
Furthermore, the simulated landslides also reproduced the video-inferred
waveforms in three out of six locations. Although these calculated submarine
landslides still cannot fully explain some of the observed tsunami data,
they emphasize the possible submarine landslide locations in southern Palu
Bay that should be studied and surveyed in the future.
Late Quaternary faulting in the southern Matese (Italy): implications for earthquake potential and slip rate variability in the southern Apennines
Authors: Boncio Paolo , Auciello Eugenio , Amato Vincenzo , Aucelli Pietro , Petrosino Paola , Tangari Anna C. , Jicha Brian R.
Published: March 2022

Abstract. We studied the Gioia Sannitica active normal fault (GF) along the southern Matese fault (SMF) system in the southern Apennines of
Italy in detail. The current activity of the fault system and its potential to produce strong earthquakes have been underestimated so far and are now
defined here. Precise mapping of the GF fault trace on a 1:20 000 geological map and point and line data on the geometry, kinematics, and slip rate of the
faults forming the SMF system are made available in electronic format. The GF, and the entire fault system along the southern Matese
mountain front in general, is made of slowly slipping faults with a long active history revealed by the large geologic offsets, mature geomorphology, and
complex fault patterns and kinematics. Present activity has resulted in late Quaternary fault scarps resurrecting the foot of the mountain front and
Holocene surface faulting. The resurrected mountain front indicates variation in slip rate through time. The slip rate varies along-strike, with a
maximum Upper Pleistocene–Holocene slip rate of ∼ 0.5 mm yr−1. Activation of the 11.5 km long GF can produce up to
M 6.2 earthquakes. If activated together with the 18.5 km long Ailano–Piedimonte Matese fault (APMF), the seismogenic potential would be
M 6.8. The slip history of the two faults is compatible with a contemporaneous rupture. The observed Holocene displacements on the GF and APMF are
compatible with activations during some poorly constrained historical earthquakes, such as the 1293 (M 5.8), 1349 (M 6.8; possibly a southern prolongation
of the rupture on the Aquae Iuliae fault), and 346 CE earthquakes. A fault rupture during the poorly constrained 847 CE earthquake is
also chronologically compatible with the dated displacements.
PENINGKATAN KAPASITAS UMKM DALAM MENINGKATKAN PENJUALAN MELALUI STRATEGI PEMASARAN DIGITAL DESA CARINGIN
Authors: Arie Susanto Daniel , Anugrah Selfin , Rahmaliya Richa , Haris Oscar
Published: March 2022

Permasalahan yang ditemui di desa caringin, potensi masyarakat dalam berwirausaha masih kurang sehingga perlu dimotivasi agar masyarakat mempunyai jiwa usaha yang memiliki nilai jual yang tinggi. Kami mengambil salah satu UMKM yang ada disana yaitu Produk Enye Mang Endir dengan target kegiatan kami yaitu : Sosialisasi mengenai program kerja dengan memberikan pemahaman, bimbingan dan seminar, Edukasi penggunaan sistem marketplace tujuannya untuk meningkatkan kemampuan pelaku UMKM dalam menggunakan sistem marketplace untuk pemasaran produk secara digital, Edukasi pembuatan desain produk tujuannya meningkatkan keterampilan pelaku UMKM dalam pembuatan desain produk yang menarik, mempromosikan dan memiliki nilai jual tinggi, memonitoring program kerja baik tim maupun pelaku UMKM tujuannya untuk menjaga kestabilan program kami guna mencapai target baik itu skala jangka menengah maupun jangka panjang, Evaluasi tujuannya mengkoreksi setiap rencana kegiatan yang kami tetapkan.
PEMASANGAN LAMPU JALAN BERBASIS TENAGA SURYA UNTUK PENERANGAN JALAN DESA DI DESA CIBOLANG KALER
Authors: Artiyasa Marina , Adriana Arsal , Rian  , Fauzi Fahmi , Alif Putra Tegar , Gunawan Wawan , Rizki Muhammad
Published: March 2022

Energi fossil akan habis me latarbelakangi diadakannya kegiatan HME universitas nusa putra ini dengan tujuan meng-edukasi dan sekaligus transfer teknologi yang bermanfaat langsung bagi masyarakat berupa pemasangan Penerangan Jalan Desa ( PJD ) bertenaga surya. Dari hasil survei yang telah dilakukan di mana sepanjang jalan masuk desa belum semua tersedian fasilitas penerangan jalan sehingga aktivitas masyarakat menurun pada saat dimalam hari dan juga menyebabkan kecelakaan . Dari hasil kegiatan ini didapatkan 2 hal penting yaitu masyarakat mendapatkan pemahaman tentang energi terbarukan beserta pemanfaatan energi secara efisien untuk mengurangi dampak lingkungan dari pembangkit listrik fosil yang dominan di Indonesia. Yang kedua adalah dengan adanya bantuan berupa lampu PJD bertenaga solar surya masyarakat sangat terbantu untuk beraktivitas di malam hari juga menciptakan kondisi yang semakin aman di masyarakat Cibolang Kaler
Reading Reluctance: An Analysis of Mistrust between Adherents of Fundamentalism and Liberalism with a Focus on Mohsin Hamid’s The Reluctant Fundamentalist
Authors: Naqvi Syeda Sughra
Published: March 2022

This paper highlights the variant aspects of what we may call the reluctance of fundamentalism and liberalism in post-postcolonial contemporary Pakistani literature in English, analyzing comparatively both exclusive and inclusive elements of its extensive canvas. This research project began with curiosity regarding an element of reluctance between two characters of Mohsin Hamid’s The Reluctant Fundamentalist. The two main characters of the novel, Changez and an unnamed American visitor represent allegiances to two different schools of thought: Changez to fundamentalism and the American to liberalism. They have nothing in common except reluctance, a reluctance that does not allow them to trust each other and that is what plays a key role in the absence of any positive expectations from the other. This study seeks an answer to the questions: What are largely the causes that separate human beings? Why can’t we, human beings, trust one another? Why don’t we give everyone the basic right of leading his/her life according to their own deliberate choices? It’s a project of its own novel kind and the deductive method is used for this qualitative- cum-analytical research to review Hamid’s novel. The findings of the research conclude the role of social misrepresentations to be the main cause of mistrust between the followers of two schools of thought.
Preventing Youth Homelessness in the Context of Covid-19: Complexities and Ways Forward
Authors: Perri Melissa , Sohn Jacqueline
Published: March 2022

The coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic has magnified detrimental social and health experiences and consequences for youth at risk of or experiencing homelessness. Recent research indicates that heightened household tensions due to stay-at-home orders, coupled with pandemic-related financial insecurities, have worsened pre-existing factors for many young people, particularly for those experiencing stigma and violence. As a result, it can be projected that the risk and experience of youth homelessness will intensify. In spite of this, there has been scarce attention to the impacts the current context has on these vulnerable groups. This commentary aims to bring attention to the prevailing issues and challenges faced by youth at-risk of homelessness during the COVID-19 pandemic and provides crucial considerations for preventative solutions by incorporating the Roadmap for the Prevention of Youth Homelessness Framework. Based on research across fields, we offer insights for equity-focused, collaborative interventions, focusing on the education and social services sectors.
Sugerencias de nuevas lecturas
Authors: Ojsadmin ojsadmin
Published: March 2022

Han actuado como evaluadores del volumen XVIII de la revista Procesos de Mercado los siguientes especialistas, cuyos esfuerzos, dedicación y consejos para mejorar los originales recibidos son especialmente agradecidos.— Petra Träg— Bernardo Ferrero— Patrick Reimers— Dr. Miguel Anxo Bastos Boubeta— Dr. Daniel Rodríguez Carreiro— Dr. David Sanz Bas— Dr. Cristóbal Matarán— Dr. Leef Dierks— Theresa Kammel— Vincent Wolters— Tudor Smirna— Luis Torras— Dr. William Hondsong— Edward Fuller— Dr. Christoph Klein— Bernardo Macías— Dra. Tatiana Macías Muentes— Joaquín Pérez Cano— Dr. Rafael García Iborra— Dr. León Gómez Rivas— Dr. Joaquín Azpitarte— Dr. Gabriel Zanotti— Andreas Kramer— Christopher Guzelian— Ferre Clabau— Emérito Quintana Pelayo— Luis Alfonso López— Adrián Ranier— Dr. Víctor Espinosa Loyola— Leonidas Zelmanovitz— Alfonso Díaz Vera— Jaime Hernán Pérez Aguilera
Self-Transcendence and Spiritual Well-Being among Stroke Patients
Authors: Suliman Muhammad Suliman , Nasreen Ghani  , Muhammad Sohail , Reed Pamela G.
Published: March 2022

Objective: This paper aimed to identify self-transcendence and spiritual well-being among stroke patients and to determine the association between self-transcendence and spiritual well-being among stroke patients. Background: WHO estimated 86% mortality related to stroke world widely occurred in developing countries including, Pakistan. Living a meaningful life after the manifestations of stroke literally demands self-transcendence, which means the reconstruction of life or getting up again with more full potential.

Materials and Methods: Analytical cross-sectional study of 210 stroke patients (three months and above inclusion eligibility criteria) were taken from the four rehabilitation centers of SGTH Swat, ATH Abbottabad, LRH and HMC, Peshawar, and responses recorded with validated and reliable questionnaires.

Results: The participants’ mean score on the self-transcendence scale was 43.22, and on the spiritual index of well-being mean score were 40.83, respectively. Self-transcendence and spiritual well-being with other demographical variables found statistically significant (p < 0.05) on ANOVA and Post hoc test (Games-Howell). The positive strong correlations between the self-transcendence and spiritual well-being on Pearson correlation (r) were also found statistically significant (r = 0.619, p < 0.000).

Conclusion: The results of this study support the theoretical assumptions of Reed’s theory in which during the vulnerability (stroke patients in this study) self-transcendence as an independent variable and protective factor have positive correlations with the outcome and dependant variable, called spiritual well-being. The findings also suggest implications for health care professionals to develop and deliver strategies to enhance vulnerable population self-transcendence for the outcome of spiritual well-being. 

Keywords: Self-transcendence, Spiritual well-being, Stroke, Care.
Perianal Abscesses: A Clinical Experience in a Tertiary Care Hospital
Authors: Ayaz Gul  , Ahmad Faraz  , Muhamad Kalim  , Muhammad Faisal Khan
Published: March 2022

Background: Perianal abscess is one of the most common general surgical emergencies encountered in clinical practice. Infection of anal glands leads to abscess formation which spread in the inter-sphincteric planes. The initial routine treatment is incision, drainage and curettage, but the most frequent complication regarding this phenomenon is abscess recurrence and subsequent fistula in Ano formation. Objective: To determine the frequency of fistula in Ano (FIA) after incision and drainage of perianal abscesses.Material and Method: This Descriptive case series study was conducted at Department of surgery, MTI lady Reading Hospital Peshawar, from Jan, 2017 to 2019, on total of 170 patients of perianal abscess, treated initially with incision and drainage, under general anesthesia. Monthly follow-up for six months was scheduled for any complication specially developing Fistula in Ano.Results: In the current study mean age was 36 years ±10.28. Seventy-two patients were male and 28% patients were female. 2 Mean BMI was 25Kg/m . Fistula in Ano among 170 patients was developed in n=73(43%) patients. Mostly in an age group of 41years to 50 years and with longer duration of symptoms.

Conclusion: Our study concludes that the frequency of fistula in Ano was 43% after incision and drainage of perianal abscesses with greater chance of developing in younger age group.Key Word: Perianal abscesses, bacteria, antibiotics sensitivity
Strengthening the Treasury Market
Authors: Heath P. Tarbert
Published: March 2022

For more than 200 years, the market for U.S. Treasury securities has propelled U.S. economic success. More recently, it has been described as the world’s most important financial market because Treasury securities promote liquidity, price discovery, and economic stability across the globe. Despite its vital role at home and abroad, the Treasury market lacks certain structural protections that are common in other advanced financial markets. Bringing the Treasury market into the modern age is necessary because it is not immune to the risks that confront other financial markets. This was underscored in early 2020, when the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic roiled the Treasury market, producing significant trading disruptions and liquidity constraints. 

To help reduce the risk of future Treasury market instability, this Article recommends modest enhancements that have proven successful in similar markets. Robust public reporting of Treasury securities trades, improved oversight of trading venues, safeguards that promote operational resiliency, and expanded central clearing will promote Treasury market strength and resiliency well into the future.
Gereja dalam Keragaman dan Keharmonisan: Studi Sosioteologis Merawat Kerukunan Hidup Beragama
Authors: Walean Jefrie
Published: March 2022

Artikel ini mengkaji hubungan antarumat beragama yang dilandasi toleransi, saling pengertian dan saling menghormati dalam pengamalan ajaran agama serta kerjasama dalam kehidupan bermasyarakat. Kerukunan umat beragama itu ditentukan oleh dua faktor yaitu prilaku umat beragama dan kebijakan negara/pemerintah yang kondusif bagi kerukunan. Semua agama mengajarkan kerukunan beragama sehingga berfungsi sebagai faktor integratif. Penelitian ini bertujuan menampilkan potret sosiologis masyarakat Indonesia dalam menjalan kegiatan keagamaan. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dan mengumpulan data-data melalui studi pustaka. Dalam penelitian ini ditemukan bahwa relasi antar pemeluk agama di Indonesia selama ini sangat harmonis namun di era reformasi yang notabene mendukung kebebasan muncul berbagai ekspresi kebebasan dalam bentuk pikiran, ideologi politik, faham keagamaan, maupun dalam ekspresi hak-hak asasi. Urgensi terbukanya ruang dialog publik pemerintah dan tokoh lintas agama adalah keniscayaan untuk merawat kerukunan hidup antar umat beragama. Konflik yang terjadi antar-umat beragama tidak murni disebabkan oleh faktor agama, tetapi oleh faktor politik, ekonomi atau lainnya yang kemudian dikaitkan dengan agama. Simpulan dari penelitian ini adalah keragaman budaya, bahasa tidak menghalangi partisipasi gereja untuk mewujudkan masyarakat madani yang konsisten menjalankan prinsip demokratis serta menghargai kemajemukan (pluralitas) masyarakat
Guru Kristen Sebagai in loco parentis dalam Membentuk Karakter Siswa
Authors: Tangkin Wiyun Philipus , Peea Jelika
Published: March 2022

Teachers play an important role in the world of education. Teachers play many roles, one of which is being an in loco parent for students. However, the fact that occurs in the field, there are still teachers who cannot be in loco parentis because they solve problems with students. There are still teachers who commit acts of violence against students such as pinching, scolding harshly, and threatening students. Based on the phenomenon that occurred, this paper was written with the aim of explaining the role of the teacher as an in loco parent in the formation of student character. It is hoped that teachers can educate and teach students to understand and understand the good and true character in accordance with what God wants. The teacher is the right model for students, meaning that the teacher must be a role model for students in all aspects such as speaking, thinking, and behaving because students will imitate what the teacher does. When the teacher shows good behavior, students will also imitate good behavior. On the other hand, when the teacher does something bad, the student will also do something bad. AbstrakGuru mengambil peranan penting dalam dunia pendidikan. Banyak peran yang dikerjakan oleh guru, dan salah satunya ialah menjadi in loco parentis (orang tua) bagi siswa. Namun fakta yang terjadi di lapangan, masih ada guru tidak dapat menjadi in loco parentis karena dalam menyelesaikan masalah dengan siswa. Masih ada guru yang melakukan tindak kekerasan pada siswa seperti mencubit, memarahi dengan kasar, dan mengancam siswa. Berdasarkan fenomena yang terjadi maka, makalah ini ditulis dengan tujuan menjelaskan peran guru sebagai in loco parentis dalam pembetukan karakater siswa. Diharapkan guru dapat mendidik dan mengajarkan siswa supaya dapat mengerti dan memahami karakter yang baik dan benar yang sesuai dengan yang Tuhan inginkan. Guru adalah model yang tepat bagi siswa, artinya guru harus menjadi contoh bagi siswa dalam segala aspek seperti dalam bertutur kata, berpikir, dan bertingkah laku karena siswa akan meniru apa yang dilakukan oleh gurunya. Ketika guru menunjukkan perilaku yang baik maka siswa juga akan meniru perilaku yang baik tersebut. Sebaliknya ketika guru melakukan yang tidak baik maka siswa juga akan melakukan yang tidak baik.
Study of Human Resource Practices and Work Engagement in Public Sector Universities of Pakistan: An Intervening Analysis of Procedural Justice
Authors: Amar Hussain , Shaikh Saifullah , Mangi Qamar Abbas , Bhutto Sarfaraz Ahmed
Published: March 2022

This study aims to examine the upshot of human resource practices on work engagement with mediation of procedural justice among faculty members of public sector universities in Pakistan. The target population of study is faculty member of 13 universities Pakistan. The research undertakes a cross-sectional and causal research design. The quantitative data is being analyzed with the help of inferential tool, structural equation modelling (SEM). Results documented that HR Practices have positive and significant effect on work engagement. Outcomes have additionally recognized that HR Practices do have positive and significant influence on procedural justice and in turn procedural justice has positive and significant impact on work engagement. Lastly study outcomes observe that procedural justice fully intervenes the association between human resource practices and work engagement. Study is domineering and important because it has observed a least observed area in research. Top management and policy makers can use findings of this research to better imply human resource practices to enhance work engagement level with the help of procedural justice in public sector universities.
Awareness of Wake-Up Stroke in Middle-Aged Adults
Authors: Siddapur Trupti , Kamble Sanjivani , Palekar Tushar
Published: March 2022

Wake-up stroke is the phenomenon of waking up with neurological symptoms similar to an ischemic stroke with a time of last known well when you went to bed. Wake-up stroke patients are currently excluded from intravenous thrombosis intervention (IV-rtPA) as time of onset is unknown leading to worse functional outcome. Thus, it is necessary to increase awareness about Wake-up stroke, its risk-factors, symptoms and warning signs in order to receive early medical intervention.
Aims and Objectives: This study was done to assess awareness of Wake-up stroke and its risk-factors in middle-aged adults.
Methods and Materials: This was a cross-sectional study in which purposive sampling method was used. 216 participants were included. A structured questionnaire was created that included the questions regarding awareness of Wake-up stroke and its risk-factors.
Statistical analysis: The data was analyzed using the descriptive analysis.
Results: 47.73% of middle-aged adults were aware about symptoms, warning signs, physical disability, functional outcomes of Wake-up stroke and its early physiotherapy intervention. 61.8% of middle-aged adults were aware regarding the risk-factors of Wake-up stroke.
Conclusion: Awareness about Wake-up stroke, its clinical features, preventive measures and emergency management was poor and must be given to the community through books, newspapers, community health camps and educational programs.

Key words: Ischemic stroke, Obstructive sleep apnoea, Atrial fibrillation, Arterial hypertension, Circadian rhythm, IV recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (IV-rtPA).
Terrain Analysis of the Gori Ganga Watershed by Using Geospatial Techniques
Authors: Parihar D. S.
Published: March 2022

Terrain analysis is the interpretation and analysis of topographical features through Geographic Information System (GIS). Terrain is represents of cartographic of the broad scale physical regions of the study area, often based on Digital Elevation Model (DEM) i.e. elevation, slope, aspect and contour lines etc. The Gori Ganga watershed lies between the Great and Lesser Kumaun Himalayan region. The elevation of this watershed varies in between 626 m at Jauljibi to 6639 m in the snow capped mountains. The valleys are mostly steep down merging the river Gori Ganga come apart by perennial very small stream emerging through the forest covers of the river basin. For the study of terrain analysis of Cartosat-1 satellite image of time period 2008 was used. Importance of Terrain analysis studies suggest that indentifying most appropriate sites for horticulture, solar energy plant using relief, slope and aspect map of Gori Ganga watershed.

Keywords: DEM, Relief, Slope, Aspect, Remote Sensing and GIS.
Osteoarthritis and Its Management with Naturopathy and Yoga - Case Report
Authors: Singh Poonam
Published: March 2022

Osteoarthritis of Knees (OA Knees) also known as degenerative arthritis or degenerative joint disease is a group of mechanical abnormalities involving degradation of joints, including articular cartilage and subchondral bone. Associated comorbid conditions such as obesity increase the symptoms. Drugs taken to relieve the symptoms have their own side effects. Here, I have presented the management of osteoarthritis associated with the combined use of Yoga, Naturopathy, and Physiotherapy with diet control.

Keywords: Osteoarthritis (OA), Osteoarthritis of Knees (OA Knees), Naturopathy, Yoga, Physiotherapy, diet control.
A Comparative Study on the Selected Environmental Parameters Within the Cage, Pond and the Wild of Winam Gulf of L. Victoria
Authors: S.O. Ngodhe , E. Kerich , O. Owuor , P. Mutai
Published: March 2022

The main aim of this study was to compare the environmental variables between water inside the caged fish, open ponds and open waters of Winam Gulf. Selected water quality parameters from the 20 ponds, 30 cages and wild were measured in-situ using electronic meters. Water temperature, DO, pH and salinity did not differ significantly in the different study areas (p>0.05) while Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) registered a significant difference between the culture systems (pond and cage) and the wild (p<0.05). This was attributed to the fact that the study areas were all within the same geographical space and there was lack of variation in micro-climatic conditions during the study period, while the differences in TDS could be as a result of over fertilization of ponds, leading to algal bloom. The environmental variables were within the Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO) of the United Nations recommended limits for fish production.