bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Thực trạng sức khỏe tâm thần và một số yếu tố liên quan của học sinh tại 2 trường Trung học phổ thông huyện Vĩnh Bảo, Hải Phòng năm 2023
Authors: Ngọc Phạm Thị , Giang Hoàng Thị , Linh Phạm Khánh , Châu Vũ Thị
Published: June 2024

Nghiên cứu mô tả cắt ngang trên 420 học sinh hai trường bao gồm trường Trung học phổ thông (THPT) Cộng Hiền và Trung tâm Giáo dục nghề nghiệp - Giáo dục thường xuyên (GDNN - GDTX) Vĩnh Bảo từ tháng 10/2022 đến tháng 05/2023 nhằm mô tả thực trạng sức khoẻ tâm thần cũng như các yếu tố liên quan của học sinh. Kết quả nghiên cứu cho thấy: Tỷ lệ học sinh THPT Cộng Hiền mắc rối trầm cảm loạn, lo âu, căng thẳng lần lượt là 42,38%, 53,81%, 49,05%, tỷ lệ này là 32,38%, 43,33% và 28,57% ở học sinh trung tâm GDNN-GDTX Vĩnh Bảo. Các yếu tố liên quan với tăng nguy cơ trầm cảm bao gồm học sinh là giới nữ, không có mối quan hệ hòa đồng với bạn bè. Tăng nguy cơ lo âu có liên quan đến yếu tố: Học sinh áp lực cao với học tập và thi cử; không có mối quan hệ hòa đồng với bạn bè; bị bạo lực học đường. Học sinh của trường THPT Cộng Hiền, áp lực cao với kỳ vọng của gia đình và gia đình mâu thuẫn tăng nguy cơ mắc căng thẳng.
Đặc điểm căng thẳng nghề nghiệp ở điều dưỡng viên lâm sàng tại Bệnh viện E năm 2023
Authors: Giang Hoàng Thị , Minh Nguyễn Hồng , Ngọc Phạm Thị , Hà Trần Thị Thúy
Published: June 2024

Căng thẳng nghề nghiệp trên điều dưỡng viên (ĐDV) đang ngày càng gia tăng và có thể ảnh hưởng đến sức khỏe tâm thần và thể chất ĐDV cũng như chất lượng chăm sóc người bệnh. Nghiên cứu mô tả cắt ngang trên 338 điều dưỡng viên (ĐDV) lâm sàng làm việc toàn thời gian tại Bệnh viện E từ tháng 12 năm 2022 đến tháng 5 năm 2023, nhằm mô tả thực trạng căng thẳng nghề nghiệp của ĐDV lâm sàng tại Bệnh viện E. Sử dụng bảng câu hỏi JCQ và mô hình Karasek để đánh giá tình trạng căng thẳng nghề nghiệp thông qua căng thẳng về thể chất, quyền quyết định và hỗ trợ xã hội. Kết quả nghiên cứu cho thấy tỷ lệ căng thẳng nghề nghiệp theo mô hình Karasek chiếm 7,1%, tỷ lệ điều dưỡng làm việc chủ động là 79,0%. Tỷ lệ căng thẳng nghề nghiệp ở những ĐDV độc thân hoặc có tình trạng hôn nhân khác cao hơn ở những ĐDV đã kết hôn (p = 0,04). Tỷ lệ căng thẳng nghề nghiệp ở những ĐDV chưa có con cao hơn so với các nhóm khác (p = 0,044). Điều dưỡng có xung đột giữa công việc với gia đình có tỷ lệ stress nghề nghiệp cao hơn những điều dưỡng không có xung đột và những người có nguy cơ xung đột (p = 0,004). Cần có giải pháp dự phòng căng thẳng nghề nghiệp trên ĐDV tại đây.
Kiến thức, thái độ về sức khỏe sinh sản và thực hành tình dục an toàn của học sinh trung học phổ thông huyện Ninh Giang, Hải Dương năm 2022
Authors: Giang Hoàng Thị , Ngọc Phạm Thị , Mạnh Nguyễn Tôn , Hà Trần Thị Thuý
Published: June 2024

Nghiên cứu mô tả cắt ngang trên 1202 học sinh thuộc 3 trường trung học phổ thông (THPT) huyện Ninh Giang từ tháng 10/2021 đến tháng 11/2022 nhằm mô tả kiến thức, thái độ về sức khỏe sinh sản và thực hành tình dục an toàn của học sinh. Kết quả cho thấy tỷ lệ học sinh có kiến thức đạt là 69,5% và thái độ đạt là 73,3%; tỷ lệ học sinh đã quan hệ tình dục là 5,7% trong đó sử dụng bao cao su là 92,7%. Một số yếu tố liên quan đến kiến thức về sức khoẻ sinh sản gồm: Học sinh ở trung tâm giáo dục nghề nghiệp (GDNN) và giáo dục thường xuyên (GDTX) (OR = 2,4; 95%CI: 1,7 - 3,5); học lực trung bình trở xuống (OR = 1,8; 95%CI: 1,3 - 2,5); con đầu (OR = 1,4; 95%CI: 1,1 - 1,8) và kiến thức đạt (OR = 2,3; 95%CI: 1,8 - 3,0); một số yếu tố liên quan đến thái độ: Nam giới (OR = 1,3; 95%CI: 1,1 - 1,8); học ở Trung tâm GDNN và GDTX (OR = 3,7; 95%CI: 2,6 - 5,4); học lực trung bình trở xuống (OR = 2,5; 95%CI: 1,8 - 3,6). Tầm quan trọng của việc tăng cường tuyên truyền kiến thức về sức khoẻ sinh sản thông qua các kênh chính thống, được kiểm duyệt nội dung để giúp các em nâng cao nhận thức về sức khoẻ sinh sản.
Tổng quan một số dị tật bẩm sinh thanh quản hiếm gặp
Authors: Giang Phạm Đặng Hoàng , Dung Nguyễn Phương , Xương Nguyễn Tuyết , Thúy Đỗ Thị
Published: June 2024

Nghiên cứu này được thực hiện với mục tiêu tổng quan đặc điểm lâm sàng và một số giải pháp can thiệp đối với dị tật bẩm sinh thanh quản ở trẻ. Sử dụng phương pháp tổng quan tìm kiếm các tài liệu trong các cơ sở dữ liệu Pubmed, Medline, Science Direct, Google Scholar, Google có liên quan tới các bệnh lý liên quan tới dị tật bẩm sinh thanh quản bao gồm mềm sụn thanh quản, liệt dây thanh, hẹp hạ thanh môn bẩm sinh, màng thanh quản. Kết quả cho thấy mềm sụn thanh quản là bệnh lý phổ biến nhất, chiếm tỷ lệ 60% số ca bệnh. Phổ biến thứ hai là liệt dây thanh bẩm sinh với khoảng 20% số trường hợp. Hiếm gặp hơn là bệnh lý màng thanh quản chiếm tỉ lệ 2% số ca bệnh. Triệu chứng nổi bật nhất của các dị tật thanh quản là thở rít, kèm theo viêm phổi tái diễn, chậm tăng cân. Nội soi tai mũi họng ống mềm được coi là tiêu chuẩn vàng trong chẩn đoán các bệnh lý dị tật thanh quản. Can thiệp điều trị các bệnh lý dị tật thanh quản ở trẻ em còn gặp nhiều khó khăn. Như vậy tổng quan cho thấy, dị tật bẩm sinh thanh quản vẫn là một thách thức lớn trong việc chẩn đoán và can thiệp ở trẻ sơ sinh và trẻ nhỏ đối với các nhà Nhi khoa và Tai Mũi Họng.
Điều trị điếc đột ngột hiện nay
Authors: Hùng Nguyễn Quang , Hoa Đoàn Thị Hồng , Hà Nguyễn Ngọc
Published: June 2024

Điếc đột ngột hay còn gọi là điếc thần kinh giác quan đột ngột là sự suy giảm nhanh chóng chức năng thính giác, cần phải xử trí ngay lập tức. Bệnh sinh của điếc đột ngột chưa sáng tỏ, chỉ có khoảng 10 - 15% có thể tìm thấy nguyên nhân. Có nhiều cách điều trị khác nhau cho điếc đột ngột vô căn như corticoid toàn thân, thuốc giãn mạch, thuốc chống ô xy hóa và các chất thay đổi độ nhớt máu… Nghiên cứu này được tiến hành với mục tiêu tổng quan những phương pháp điều trị hiện nay về điếc đột ngột. Các kết quả thu được rất đa dạng và còn nhiều điểm chưa thống nhất. Corticoid toàn thân đường uống với liều tiêu chuẩn prednisolone 1mg/ kg vẫn được coi là lựa chọn đầu tiên. Tiêm Corticoid xuyên màng nhĩ được sử dụng trong biện pháp ban đầu nếu có chống chỉ định với corticoid toàn thân hoặc liệu pháp cứu vãn sau khi dùng liệu pháp toàn thân. Liệu pháp oxy cao áp nên sử dụng khi bệnh nhân điếc nặng và điều trị muộn. Các liệu pháp khác như thuốc giãn mạch, chống vi rút… không được khuyến cáo. Một số biện pháp khác như mở hòm nhĩ lối sau đưa corticoid vào cửa sổ tròn, liệu pháp phục hồi chức năng thần kinh đang được nghiên cứu.
Nhân một trường hợp phẫu thuật nang đường rò giáp lưỡi
Authors: Đua Nguyễn Như , Xương Nguyễn Tuyết , Hoa Đoàn Thị Hồng , Sơn Nguyễn Tuấn , Hoa Nguyễn Lê , Hòa Phùng Thị , Tiệp Thân Hữu , Mạnh Vũ Toàn , Quyết Phạm Tuấn , Huy Nguyễn Văn
Published: June 2024

Mục tiêu nghiên cứu nang đường rò giáp lưỡi thể lưỡi để có cách điều trị hiệu quả an toàn và chăm sóc hậu phẫu nhẹ nhàng cho bệnh nhân đồng thời đảm bảo tránh tái phát bệnh. Nang đường rò giáp lưỡi là bệnh lý bẩm sinh vùng cổ phổ biến nhất, nó được hình thành bất cứ nơi nào dọc đường di chuyển của tuyến giáp giữa lưỡi và phần trước cổ, nó thường tồn tại như là những nang đường giữa cổ liên quan với xương móng. Quá trình viêm nhiễm vùng mũi họng cũng như viêm nhiễm ở chính dường rò còn sót lại trên đường đi đó gây nên tình trạng viêm đường rò giáp lưỡi và hình thành nang. Đối tượng nghiên cứu là bệnh nhân có nang rò giáp lưỡi thể lưỡi là một thể hiếm gặp do đó cần chẩn đoán chính xác và có cách điều trị phù hợp. Kết luận nhận xét và đánh giá cách xử trí nang đường rò giáp móng nhân một trường hợp, chúng tôi có báo cáo về đặc điểm lâm sàng, cận lâm sàng và kết quả phẫu thuật.
Comparative Analysis of Univariate SARIMA and Multivariate VAR Models for Time Series Forecasting: A Case Study of Climate Variables in Ninahvah City, Iraq
Authors:   University of Duhok, College of Basic Education, Othman Sameera A. , Jameel Hasan H. ,   University of Duhok, College of Basic Education, Abdulazeez Sadeq T. ,   University of Duhok, College of Basic Education
Published: June 2024

This study involves a comparison between the application of the univariate SARIMA model and the utilization of VAR methods (vector autoregressive models) for multivariate time series analysis. The analysis is conducted using three-time series variables derived from data representing the monthly average of Humidity (H), Rainfall (R), and Temperature (T) in Ninahvah City, Iraq. Both univariate and multivariate time series approaches are employed to model these series. The paper also outlines the implementation of vector autoregressive, structural vector autoregressive, and structural vector error correction models using the 'vars' package. Additionally, it provides functions for diagnostic testing, estimation of constrained models, prediction, causality analysis, impulse response analysis, and forecast error variance decomposition. Furthermore, it introduces three fundamental functions, VAR, SVAR, and SVEC, for estimating these models. The comparison between the methods is based on evaluating the mean error produced by each approach. The findings of the study indicate that univariate linear stationary methods outperform multivariate models. The analysis of the data was carried out using the R software platform. The primary objective is to assess the performance of univariate and multivariate time series models in handling the given data. The research gap lies in the need for a comparative evaluation of SARIMA and VAR methods for time series analysis in the context of monthly environmental variables. These models were chosen due to their effectiveness in capturing temporal dependencies and interactions among multiple variables in time series data, providing a comprehensive analysis of climatic patterns in Ninahvah City, Iraq. The study aims to address the research gap by comparing these models and justifying their selection based on their capabilities to analyze the specified time series data.
Deciphering anthropogenic and biogenic contributions to selected non-methane volatile organic compound emissions in an urban area
Authors: Peron Arianna , Graus Martin , Striednig Marcus , Lamprecht Christian , Wohlfahrt Georg , Karl Thomas
Published: June 2024

Abstract. The anthropogenic and biogenic contributions of isoprene, monoterpenes, sesquiterpenes and methanol in an urban area were estimated based on direct eddy covariance flux observations during four campaigns between 2018 and 2021. While these compounds are typically thought to be dominated by biogenic sources on regional and global scales, the role of potentially significant anthropogenic emissions in urban areas has been recently debated. Typical fluxes of isoprene, monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes were on the order of 0.07 ± 0.02, 0.09 and 0.003 nmol m−2 s−1 during spring. During summer, emission fluxes of isoprene, monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes were higher on the order of 0.85 ± 0.09, 0.11 and 0.004 nmol m−2 s−1. It was found that the contribution of the anthropogenic part is strongly seasonally dependent. For isoprene, the anthropogenic fraction can be as high as 64 % in spring but is typically very low < 18 % during the summer season. For monoterpenes, the anthropogenic fraction was estimated to be between 43 % in spring and less than 20 % in summer. With values of 2.8 nmol m−2 s−1 in spring and 3.2 nmol m−2 s−1 in summer, methanol did not exhibit a significant seasonal variation of observed surface fluxes. However, there was a difference in emissions between weekdays and weekends (about 2.3 times higher on weekdays in spring). This suggests that methanol emissions are likely influenced by anthropogenic activities during all seasons.
Integration of tree hydraulic processes and functional impairment to capture the drought resilience of a semiarid pine forest
Authors: Nadal-Sala Daniel , Grote Rüdiger , Kraus David , Hochberg Uri , Klein Tamir , Wagner Yael , Tatarinov Fedor , Yakir Dan , Ruehr Nadine K.
Published: June 2024

Abstract. Drought stress causes multiple feedback responses in plants. These responses span from stomata closure and enzymatic downregulation of photosynthetic activity to structural adjustments of xylem biomass and leaf area. Some of these processes are not easily reversible and may persist long after the stress has ended. Despite a multitude of hydraulic model approaches, simulation models still widely lack an integrative mechanistic description of how this sequence of physiological to structural tree responses may be realized that is also simple enough to be generally applicable. Here, we suggest an integrative, sequential approach to simulate drought stress responses. First, decreasing plant water potential triggers stomatal closure alongside a downregulation of photosynthetic performance, thereby effectively slowing down further desiccation. A second protective mechanism is introduced by increasing the soil–root resistance, represented by a disconnection of fine roots after a threshold soil water potential has been reached. Further decreases in plant water potential due to residual transpiration and loss of internal stem water storage consistently lead to a loss of hydraulic functioning, which is reflected in sapwood loss and foliage senescence. This new model functionality has been used to investigate the responses of tree hydraulics, carbon uptake, and transpiration to soil and atmospheric drought in an extremely dry Aleppo pine (Pinus halepensis Mill.) plantation. Using the hypothesis of a sequential triggering of stress-mitigating responses, the model was able to reflect carbon uptake and transpiration patterns under varying soil water supply and atmospheric demand conditions – especially during summer – and respond realistically regarding medium-term responses, such as leaf and sapwood senescence. We could show that the observed avoidance strategy was only achieved when the model accounted for very early photosynthesis downregulation, and the relatively high measured plant water potentials were well reproduced with a root–soil disconnection strategy that started before major xylem conductance losses occurred. Residual canopy conductance was found to be pivotal in explaining dehydration and transpiration patterns during summer, but it also disclosed the fact that explaining the water balance in the driest periods requires water supply from stem water and deep soil layers. In agreement with the high drought resistance observed at the site, our model indicated little loss of hydraulic functioning in Aleppo pine, despite the intensive seasonal summer drought.
Orbital-scale climate dynamics impacts on Gzhelian peatland wildfire activity in the Ordos Basin
Authors: Du Wenxu , Lv Dawei , Zhang Zhihui , Raji Munira , Song Cuiyu , Wang Luojing , Li Zekuan , Cao Kai , Yuan Ruoxiang , Sun Yuzhuang
Published: June 2024

Abstract. The Carboniferous, an important coal-forming period in geological history, was characterized by extensive vegetation and high oxygen levels. Numerous wildfire evidence suggests that high frequency of wildfire occurred at that time, specifically in peatlands. However, the control mechanisms for changes in wildfire activity in peatlands during this period are still not clearly understood. In this study, evidence from the Gzhelian in the Ordos Basin, such as the inertinite/vitrinite (I/V) ratio, indicated the existence of different frequencies of wildfire activity at that time. The CaO/MgO and CaO/MgO • Al2O3 climate indicators revealed that high-frequency wildfires mainly occur in warm and humid climates. Based on former age constraints, we deduced that orbital cycles (long eccentricity) controlled the climate influence on peatland wildfires during the Gzhelian. When eccentricity was high, abundant sunshine and frequent rainfall led to warmer and more humid peatlands. The latter environments were more favourable for vegetation development, leading to increased fuel loads, which in turn led to more frequent wildfires. Moreover, the Gzhelian global wildfire records, showed that evidence of wildfire during this period was mainly located in areas with abundant tropical vegetation, supporting the view that wildfire activity during this period was mainly controlled by the fuel loads. Although Hg could be produced by peatland wildfires, but our results show that Hg was mainly from frequent volcanic activity during this period.
Evaluating state-of-the-art process-based and data-driven models in simulating CO2 fluxes and their relationship with climate in western European temperate forests
Authors: Michel Gaïa , Crétat Julien , Mathieu Olivier , Thévenot Mathieu , Dara Andrey , Granat Robert , Wu Zhendong , Bonnefoy-Claudet Clément , Capelle Julianne , Cacot Jean , Kimball John S.
Published: June 2024

Abstract. This study evaluates two process-based (LPJ-GUESS and SMAP-L4C) and two data-driven (CarbonSpace and FLUXCOM) models to capture the temporal variability of CO2 flux exchanges (GPP, RECO and NEE) of evergreen needleleaf and deciduous broadleaf forests (ENFs and DBFs) in temperate western Europe and its relationship with climate. Three sites from the FLUXNET network are considered together with two non-instrumented sites located in Burgundy (North-East France). The focus is put on the representation of the annual cycle, annual budget, interannual variability and “long-term” trend. The data-driven models are the best models for representing the mean annual cycle and mean annual budget in CO2 fluxes despite magnitude uncertainties. In particular, the models accounting for plant functional types in their outputs tend to simulate more marked annual cycle and lower annual CO2 sequestration for DBFs than ENFs in Burgundy. At the interannual timescale, the CO2 flux – climate relationshipis stronger for GPP and RECO than NEE, with increased CO2 fluxes when 2 m temperature, vapor pressure deficit and evapotranspiration increase and when precipitation and soil moisture decrease. The models forced by dynamic climate conditions clearly outperform those driven by static climate conditions. The “long-term” trend is not obvious for NEE neither in the observations nor in the simulations, partly because both GPP and RECO tend to increase in western Europe. Our results suggest that the spatial resolution of the climate drivers is likely very important for capturing spatial and temporal patterns in CO2 exchanges and point towards the need to choose the appropriate model and spatial resolution according to the scientific question to deal with.
Upper tropospheric pollutants observed by MIPAS: geographic and seasonal variations
Authors: Glatthor Norbert , Stiller Gabriele P. , von Clarmann Thomas , Funke Bernd , Kellmann Sylvia , Linden Andrea
Published: June 2024

Abstract. We present a global climatology of upper tropospheric hydrogen cyanide (HCN), carbon monoxide (CO), acetylene (C2H2), ethane (C2H6), peroxyacetyl nitrate (PAN) and formic acid (HCOOH), obtained from MIPAS/Envisat observations between 2002 and 2012. At northern mid- and high latitudes the biomass burning tracer HCN as well as CO, PAN and HCOOH exhibit maxima during spring and/or summer and minima during winter. On the contrary, maximum northern extra-tropical C2H2 and C2H6 amounts were measured during winter and spring and minimum values during summer and fall. In the tropics and subtropics, enhanced amounts of all pollutants were observed during all seasons, especially widespread and up to southern mid-latitudes during austral spring. Other characteristic features are eastward transport of anthropogenic C2H6 and of biogenic HCOOH from Central and North America in boreal summer, accumulation of pollutants in the Asian Monsoon Anticyclone and enhanced C2H2 over South-East Asia in boreal winter. Clear indication of biogenic release of HCOOH was also found above tropical South America and Africa. A global correlation analysis of the other pollutants with HCN corroborates common release by biomass burning as source of the widespread southern hemispheric pollution during austral spring. Further, high correlation with HCN points to biomass burning as major source of tropical and subtropical C2H2 and PAN during most of the year. In the northern extra-tropics there are generally low correlations with HCN during spring and early summer, indicating the inﬂuence of anthropogenic and biogenic sources. However, in August there are stronger correlations above Siberia and boreal North America, which points to common release by boreal ﬁres. This is conﬁrmed by the respective enhancement ratios (ERs). The ERs measured above North-East Africa ﬁt well to the emission ratios of the dominant local ﬁre type (savanna burning) for C2H2, while those for CO, C2H6 and HCOOH rather indicate tropical forest ﬁres or additional anthropogenic or biogenic sources. The southern hemispheric ΔC2H6/ΔHCN ERs obtained during August to October are in good agreement with the emission ratio for savanna ﬁres. The same applies for ΔC2H2/ΔHCN in August and for ΔHCN/ΔCO as well as for ΔHCOOH/ΔHCN in October.
National Weather Service Alaska Sea Ice Program: Gridded ice concentration maps for the Alaskan Arctic
Authors: Pacini Astrid , Steele Michael , Schreck Mary-Beth
Published: June 2024

Abstract. There are many challenges associated with obtaining high-fidelity sea ice concentration (SIC) information, and products that rely solely on passive microwave measurements often struggle to represent conditions at low concentration, especially within the Marginal Ice Zone and during periods of active melt. Here, we present a new SIC product for the Alaskan Arctic generated by the National Weather Service Alaska Sea Ice Program (hereafter referred to as ASIP) that synthesizes a variety of satellite SIC and in-situ observations from 2007–present. These SIC fields have been primarily used for operational purposes and have not yet been gridded or independently validated. In this study, we first grid the ASIP product into 0.05° resolution in both latitude and longitude. We then perform extensive intercomparison with an international database of ship-based in-situ SIC observations, supplemented with observations from Saildrones. Additionally, an intercomparison between three ice products is performed: (i) ASIP, (ii) a high-resolution passive microwave product (AMSR2), and (iii) an operational product available from the National Snow and Ice Data Center that originates at the National Ice Center (MASIE). This intercomparison demonstrates that all products perform similarly when compared to in-situ observations generally, but ASIP outperforms the other products during periods of active melt and in low SIC regions. Furthermore, we show that the similarity in performance among products is due to the in-situ asset distribution, as most in-situ observations are far from the ice edge in locations where all products agree. We find that the ASIP ice edge is generally farther south than both the AMSR2 and MASIE ice edges, by an average of approximately 55 km in the winter and 175 km in summer for ASIP vs. AMSR2, and 60 km in the winter and 130 km in the summer for ASIP vs. MASIE.
Evaluation of CMIP6 model simulations of PM2.5 and its components over China
Authors: Ren Fangxuan , Lin Jintai , Xu Chenghao , Adeniran Jamiu A. , Wang Jingxu , Martin Randall V. , van Donkelaar Aaron , Hammer Melanie S. , Horowitz Larry W. , Turnock Steven T. , Oshima Naga , Zhang Jie , Bauer Susanne , Tsigaridis Kostas , Seland Øyvind , Nabat Pierre , Neubauer David , Strand Gary , van Noije Twan , Le Sager Philippe , Takemura Toshihiko
Published: June 2024

Abstract. Earth system models (ESMs) participating in the latest Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6) simulate various components of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) as major climate forcers. Yet the model performance for PM2.5 components remains little evaluated due in part to a lack of observational data. Here, we evaluate near-surface concentrations of PM2.5 and its five main components over China as simulated by 14 CMIP6 models, including organic carbon (OC; available in 14 models), black carbon (BC; 14 models), sulfate (14 models), nitrate (4 models), and ammonium (5 models). For this purpose, we collect observational data between 2000 and 2014 from a satellite-based dataset for total PM2.5 and from 2469 measurement records in the literature for PM2.5 components. Seven models output total PM2.5 concentrations, and they all underestimate the observed total PM2.5 over eastern China, with GFDL-ESM4 (−1.5 %) and MPI-ESM-1-2-HAM (−1.1 %) exhibiting the smallest biases averaged over the whole country. The other seven models, for which we recalculate total PM2.5 from the available component output, underestimate the total PM2.5 concentrations partly because of the missing model representations of nitrate and ammonium. Concentrations of the five individual components are underestimated in almost all models, except that sulfate is overestimated in MPI-ESM-1-2-HAM by 12.6 % and in MRI-ESM2-0 by 24.5 %. The underestimation is the largest for OC (by −71.2 % to −37.8 % across the 14 models) and the smallest for BC (−47.9 % to −12.1 %). The multi-model mean (MMM) reproduces the observed spatial pattern for OC (R = 0.51), sulfate (R = 0.57), nitrate (R = 0.70) and ammonium (R = 0.74) fairly well, yet the agreement is poorer for BC (R = 0.39). The varying performances of ESMs on total PM2.5 and its components have important implications for the modeled magnitude and spatial pattern of aerosol radiative forcing.
RoadSurf 1.1: open-source road weather model library
Authors: Karsisto Virve Eveliina
Published: June 2024

Abstract. Icy and snowy road conditions cause problems in many countries where temperature often drops below 0 °C. Preventive actions are necessary to keep roads ice-free and to optimize maintenance operations. Accurate road surface temperature and road condition forecasts are essential help for road maintenance crews to plan their actions. The Finnish Meteorological Institute (FMI) has produced road weather forecasts for many years with the in-house road weather model RoadSurf to aid local road authorities. Recently, FMI published an open-source road weather model library that consists of RoadSurf functions. The open publication provides an opportunity for many institutes and companies to use the library in road weather forecasting. The evaluation of the library shows that it is well suited for forecasting road surface temperature.
Comparing spatial patterns in raster data using R
Authors: Nowosad Jakub
Published: June 2024

Abstract. Spatial patterns are a crucial aspect of geographical studies and play a significant role in various fields, such as remote sensing, ecology, and geology. Comparing spatial patterns is a common task in these fields, and using raster data is a popular approach. This work aims to provide a comprehensive overview of existing R packages for comparing spatial patterns in rasters. First, we discuss various methods for comparing spatial patterns, including visual inspection, correlation coefficient between focal regions of two rasters, spatial autocorrelation analysis, structural similarity index, and comparison of spatial signatures. These methods can be applied to continuous or categorical raster data, and the choice of method depends on the type of data and the specific research question. Next, we present several R packages that implement these methods, including terra, SSIMmap, and spatialEco, and show how they can be applied. These packages provide a wide range of tools for comparing spatial patterns in rasters, offering researchers a powerful means to study change, similarity, association, and model assessment. However, we also highlight issues with the current software, such as the absence of standardization and inadequate documentation. Importantly, there is still a lack of studies that systematically compare different methods and suggest good practices in their use. The growing number of FOSS tools for spatial raster comparison offers a promising avenue for testing various methods and their application to real-life scenarios. Further research is needed to evaluate the performance of these methods and establish best practices for their use.
Beautiful thematic maps in Leaflet with automatic data classification
Authors: Balla Dániel , Gede Mátyás
Published: June 2024

Abstract. Even though the web is a platform that provides lots of features, interactivity, and a high degree of customizability for creating web maps, web-based thematic maps still require expertise to visualize geospatial data in a way that highlights spatial differences and is cartographically comprehensive. The popular open-source web mapping library Leaflet lacks a straightforward approach to create thematic maps with basic principles they should adhere to (data classification, automatic symbology and legend generation). Although various tutorials and workarounds exist, those are hard-coded, only solve some principles thematic maps require and are complex to accomplish, requiring programming experience. The paper focuses on finding a way to overcome shortcomings of Leaflet in terms of thematic maps, that supports a simple, self-explanatory method of producing thematic web maps using the library. As a solution, this paper introduces an easy-to-use, open-source plugin for Leaflet, developed by the authors, which combines all processes required for creating a thematic map from a GeoJSON dataset, in one single step. For symbology, it supports graduated symbol colours and sizes, and colour and hatch pattern fills for polygons. It supports well-known classification methods for quantitative data and puts emphasis on providing numerous options for all underlying processes, to fine-tune the visualization (data normalization, rounding class boundary values, legend templating etc.). This highly customizable extension intends to help people who do not have experience with map design and are not familiar with scripting to an extent to be able to code visually pleasing thematic maps for websites.
Quantifying frost-weathering-induced damage in alpine rocks
Authors: Mayer Till , Deprez Maxim , Schröer Laurenz , Cnudde Veerle , Draebing Daniel
Published: June 2024

Abstract. Frost weathering is a key mechanism of rock failure in periglacial environments and landscape evolution. In high-alpine rock walls, freezing regimes are a combination of diurnal and sustained seasonal freeze–thaw regimes, and both influence frost cracking processes. Recent studies have tested the effectiveness of freeze–thaw cycles by measuring weathering proxies for frost damage in low-strength and in grain-supported pore space rocks, but detecting frost damage in low-porosity and crack-dominated alpine rocks is challenging due to small changes in these proxies that are close to the detection limit. Consequently, the assessment of frost weathering efficacy in alpine rocks may be flawed. In order to fully determine the effectiveness of both freezing regimes, freeze–thaw cycles and sustained freezing were simulated on low-porosity, high-strength Dachstein limestone with varying saturation. Frost-induced rock damage was uniquely quantified by combining X-ray computed microtomography (µCT), acoustic emission (AE) monitoring, and frost cracking modelling. To differentiate between potential mechanisms of rock damage, thermal- and ice-induced stresses were simulated and compared to AE activity. Our results underscore the significant impact of initial crack density on frost damage, with µCT scans revealing damage primarily through crack expansion. Discrepancies between AE signals and visible damage indicate the complexity of damage mechanisms. The study highlights frost cracking as the main driver of rock damage during freezing periods. Notably, damage is more severe during repeated freeze–thaw cycles compared to extended periods of freezing, a finding that diverges from field studies. This discrepancy could stem from limited water mobility due to low porosity or from the short duration of our experimental setup.
Thriving After Homelessness: A Concept Analysis
Authors: Ndayisenga Jean Pierre , Oudshoorn Abe , Marshall Carrie Anne , Barbic Skye Pamela , Kidd Sean A , Gaetz Stephen Anthony
Published: June 2024

Background: Homelessness is a global challenge affecting both high-income and lower-income countries. While survival is a priority, when assessing rehousing programs, thriving should be a goal. There is, however, a lack of clarity around the concept of thriving in existing literature, as for example it is used interchangeably across a number of professions.
Aim: This paper provides an in-depth concept analysis of thriving, with a specific focus on thriving post-homelessness. 
Method: Walker and Avant’s (2011) concept analysis method was utilized.
Results: As a result of this concept analysis, eight defining attributes were identified, including bio-psycho-social-spiritual improvement, adaptive coping styles, a sense of accomplishment, satisfaction across multiple life domains, functional well-being, improving or achieving a high level of performance, finding meaning in life or life activities, and having the necessities of daily living. It was found that thriving is a multidimensional process with subjective and objective components as well as an outcome, which all contribute to an individual's well-being and satisfaction. As a consequence of thriving, one feels more secure and confident and an enhanced sense of belonging.
Conclusion: This concept analysis includes an updated definition of an individual's thriving post-homelessness in order to allow for comprehensive measurement in the context of housing research, including a positive assessment of one's life situation across multiple domains, as well as access to basic necessities such as shelter, food, and clothing. Future research can utilize the results of this concept analysis to explore thriving within the context of housing, especially to establish a well-structured housing program for persons exiting homelessness.
«Qué puterío tenéis, ¿no?» Camp y performatividades queer en el primer Almodóvar (1980-1982)
Authors: García Pérez Mario
Published: June 2024

Los múltiples personajes y personalidades interpretados por Fabio Mcnamara en Pepi, Luci y Bom y otras chicas del montón (1980) y Laberinto de pasiones (1982) ejemplifican a la perfección los postulados “camp” acuñados por Susan Sontag, representaciones audiovisuales que difuminan los límites entre masculino y femenino, vinculados con la teoría queer de principios de los noventa. Mcnamara es el ejemplo perfecto de lo que es “camp”, dinamitando los estereotipos de las identidades cis heteropatriarcales. Este texto no pretende ser un debate teórico y discursivo acerca del “camp”, es un artículo de análisis de los motivos que van a determinar que los personajes interpretados por Mcnamara son “camp”, unas «maricas locas» en el lenguaje coloquial (y homófobo) de la época, personajes que se caracterizan por su exageración, teatralización o frivolidad, y que desafían el modelo de masculinidad. Esta teatralización se aprecia en escenas como la llegada de Roxy a Casa Costus en Pepi, Luci y Bom o la escena final de la fotonovela en Laberinto de pasiones. La interpretación de Mcnamara contrastará con la representación que se hacía de los gays en el cine español de finales de los setenta, el llamado «cine de mariquitas» que señalaba y ridiculizaba al homosexual. La importancia del cine de Almodóvar radica en el contexto social y cultural en el que se desarrollaron, los años de la Movida y específicamente, a la reapropiación política posterior, intentando vender en el exterior la nueva imagen del país, una «nueva España gay» surgida de la Transición.
Self-Determination Skills of Students with Autism in Postsecondary Settings
Authors: Lubin Jacqueline
Published: June 2024

Using Chao's (2016) Self-Determination Scale for College Students, the study examined the views of college students with autism on their level of self-determination skills. The data from 56 respondents were analyzed using descriptive statistics, z-scores, and multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA). Findings showed that on average, respondents reported mid-level self-determination with the majority stating average levels and one-fifth stating below-to- significantly below-average skills. Based on sex/gender, race/ethnicity, college level, disclosure status, and disability, results showed varying levels within individual subscales of self-determination skills. Hispanics/Latinos had the lowest levels of self-determination skills than all other ethnic/racial groups, with below-average levels of Self-Realization, Self-Regulation, and Psychological Empowerment. First-and second-year (sophomores) students reported higher levels of self-determination skills than those in more advanced stages of their college life. Participants who self-disclosed reported significantly higher levels of Self-Realization skills than those who had not. Recommendations and implications for practice and research are discussed.
Life in the Balance: Zooplankton’s Battle in a Changing Environment
Authors:   Department of Zoology, Diamond Harbour Women’s University, Sarisha, West Bengal, India, Das Shantanabha , Mishra Puja ,   Department of Zoology, Diamond Harbour Women’s University, Sarisha, West Bengal, India, Das Atri ,   Department of Zoology, Diamond Harbour Women’s University, Sarisha, West Bengal, India
Published: June 2024

Zooplankton are often overlooked but are vital components of marine and freshwater ecosystems. Zooplankton are pivotal in nutrient cycling and ecosystem dynamics as they transfer energy between primary producers and higher trophic levels. However, unprecedented growth in human population and industrialization have exposed aquatic environments to various pollutants, threatening zooplankton communities worldwide. Nutrient over-enrichment, primarily from sewage discharge and agricultural runoff, has caused eutrophication in water bodies. It is altering species composition and favouring the proliferation of certain zooplankton groups while decimating others. As a byproduct of industrialization, heavy metals have infiltrated aquatic ecosystems, accumulating in zooplankton and propagating up the food chain. It poses grave risks to human and ecosystem health. Microplastics (MPs) infiltrating aquatic environments also threaten zooplankton, impairing feeding, growth, and reproduction and altering gene expression. The emergence of pharmaceuticals and antibiotics as environmental contaminants further compounds the plight of zooplankton, disrupting reproduction, survival, and ecological resilience. Pesticides, pervasive in agricultural runoff, harm zooplankton communities significantly, jeopardizing ecosystem stability. Climate change compounds the problem in zooplankton communities by inducing range shifts and phenological changes, altering community dynamics, and heightening vulnerability to other stressors. Regular monitoring of zooplankton has emerged as an invaluable indicator of ecosystem function. As researchers strive to unravel the complex interplay of stressors reshaping aquatic ecosystems, the status of zooplankton communities can signal the urgent need for
Revolutionizing Life Science Research: Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope as an Invaluable tool for Microscale Exploration
Authors:   University Science Instrumentation Centre, The University of Burdwan, Golapbag, Burdwan, District: Purba-Bardhaman, West Bengal-713104, India, Chatterjee Priyajit
Published: June 2024

Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FE-SEM) represents the advanced and sophisticated evolution of traditional Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). Cutting-edge technologies, particularly the Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FE-SEM), are propelling rapid advancements in life science research at the microscale. This abstract explores the contribution of FE-SEM in life science research, revealing its crucial role in advancing our comprehension of biological structures at unprecedented resolutions. FE-SEM’s significance lies in its ability to provide high-resolution imaging of biological specimens, enabling scientists to investigate into intricate details at the microscale level. The instrument’s field emission electron source enhances imaging capabilities, delivering exceptional spatial resolution and depth of field. This allows for the visualization of subcellular structures, cellular organelles, and nanoscale features crucial for unravelling the complexities of biological systems. Moreover, FE-SEM facilitates the study of dynamic biological processes through in-situ imaging, offering insights into cellular interactions and morphological changes over time. Its versatility extends to three-dimensional imaging, opening new avenues for comprehensive analyses of complex biological structures. The integration of advanced analytical techniques, such as energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and electron backscatter diffraction, further enhances the capabilities of FE-SEM, enabling researchers to investigate elemental compositions and crystallographic information at the microscale. In conclusion, the Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope emerges as an instrument, reshaping life science research by offering unparalleled insights into the intricate realm of microscale biology. The Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FE-SEM) captures high-resolution images, observes how things change over time, and studies tiny details of structures. This makes FE-SEM an important instrument in modern microscopy, helping academicians to explore and discover more about the mysteries of life.
Chemoresistance of Cervical Cancer Stem Cells: Challenges and Prospects
Authors:   Department of Zoology, Diamond Harbour Women’s University, Sarisha, West Bengal, India, Mondal Susmita , Saha Sutapa ,   Department of Zoology, Diamond Harbour Women’s University, Sarisha, West Bengal, India, Chatterjee Saptarshi ,   Department of Zoology, University of Burdwan, Bardhaman, West Bengal, India, Bhowmik Biplab ,   Department of Zoology, Diamond Harbour Women’s University, Sarisha, West Bengal, India
Published: June 2024

Cervical cancer (CC) is one of the leading causes of death among women, with thousands of women diagnosed each year, particularly in developing countries where access to healthcare resources may be limited. Persistent infection with high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) induces CC. While advancements in treatment modalities, such as chemotherapy, have improved outcomes for many patients, a significant challenge remains in the form of chemoresistance, particularly in the context of cervical cancer stem cells (cCSCs). cCSCs are a small subpopulation of cells within CC with self-renewal and aberrant differentiation capacity. Upregulation of biomarkers expression such as CD44, CD133, Sox2, ALDH1 and etc. is often associated with robustness of cCSCs. cCSCs possess higher invasion, metastasis and drug resistance ability thereby leading to poor prognosis and relapse. Therapeutic strategies to manage advanced CC typically involve surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy mostly using platinum-based drugs. However, acquired chemoresistance of cCSCs is the biggest challenge to therapeutic outcomes. There are several mechanisms involved in chemotherapy resistance in cCSCs, such as enhanced DNA damage repair mechanisms, which include nucleotide excision repair and homologous recombination, and promoting survival pathways like PI3K/AKT, Wnt, Notch. Elevated drug transporters like ABCG2 are one of the key feature for the resistance phenotype of cCSCs. Furthermore, epigenetic modulation and mutual interaction of cCSCs with tumour microenvironment play crucial role to avoid chemotherapeutic damage. This chapter aims to explore the mechanisms underlying chemoresistance in cCSCs and discuss potential therapeutic strategies to overcome this challenge.
A Study on Modeling and Simulation of Hybrid Solar-Wind System under Variable Load Condition
Authors: Anindita Das Mondal
Published: June 2024

Energy demand is increasing with speed of rocket and the resources of conventional energy sources basically fossil fuels (coal, gas, oil) are decreasing rapidly. The renewable energy is free of cost and abundantly found anywhere. It is also carbon free so does not impact on global warming or climate change. If we increase the burning of fossil fuel the earth will not be an inhabitable for living beings. One of the major worldwide tasks is to reduce the emission from the traditional power plants by using renewable energy and reduce the cost of supplying electricity to remote areas. Power generation and energy needs always be uneven. However, these energy sources (renewable) are based on weather condition and poses inherited intermittent nature, which hinders stable supply. Combining   multiple renewable energy sources can be a possible solution to overcome defects and to optimized the global efficiency of the process. Hybrid energy sources not only provide reliable power but also leads to reduction in the required storage capacity. An oversized hybrid system satisfies the load demand but not economical. An under sized system can’t meet the load demand. The optimal sizing of the renewable energy power depends on the mathematical model of system components. Main objective of this paper to study on the various load conditions for achieving this goal. As a whole this paper summarizes the mathematical modeling of various renewable energy system in the MATLAB platform.
Dynamics of helical vortices in the wake of asymmetric rotors
Authors: Leweke Thomas
Published: June 2024

The wakes behind rotors such as wind turbines, propellers, and helicopters are characterized by helical vortices shed from the blade tips, which can have detrimental effects on downstream structures. Helical vortices are subject to displacement instabilities that lead to pairing between adjacent vortex loops and eventually cause the vortices to break down. Certain modes of these instabilities can be triggered by an asymmetry in the rotor generating the vortices. In three-vortex systems, like those formed by many industrial rotors, the nonlinear vortex interactions are highly complex, introducing the need for a simple model to predict their dynamics. We here present a model for helical vortex systems based on an infinite strip of periodically repeating point vortices, whose motion can be computed using a single equation. This greatly simplified model is shown to accurately reproduce the helical vortex dynamics predicted by a more sophisticated filament model and observed in previous experiments on model rotors. The model is then used to investigate different types of vortex perturbations representing rotor asymmetries, such as a displacement of a vortex (achievable by varying the blade tip geometry in an experiment), or a change of circulation (by varying the pitch). The effectiveness of the different types of rotor asymmetries for triggering the pairing instability was also investigated experimentally, by testing various rotor configurations in a water channel. The findings of the current study can be used to design rotors that passively accelerate wake recovery and mitigate negative effects on downstream structures. Preliminary numerical results concerning the influence of rotor asymmetry on wind turbine wake interactions will be shown.
Biến thể gen FSHR và kết quả kích thích nhẹ buồng trứng ở bệnh nhân Poseidon nhóm 3 và 4
Authors: Thủy Hoàng Thị Thanh , Sơn Trịnh Thế , Quang Nguyễn Việt , Minh Hồ Nguyệt , Trâm Nguyễn Phương , Ngân Ngô Thị , Hằng Nguyễn Thúy , Hùng Hồ Sỹ
Published: June 2024

Nghiên cứu can thiệp tiến cứu thực hiện trên 60 bệnh nhân đáp ứng buồng trứng kém Poseidon 3, 4, được kích thích buồng trứng nhẹ và xét nghiệm biến thể gen FSHR Rs6165, Rs6166 nhằm đánh giá kết quả kích thích buồng trứng. Kết quả cho thấy tần suất xuất hiện gen GG của biến thể Rs6165 là 10%, Rs6166 là 8,3%. Số noãn thu được trung bình 4,88 ± 2,86, số phôi ngày 3 trung bình 3,02 ± 2,32. Tỷ lệ noãn thu được/số nang thứ cấp (chỉ số FOI) của nhóm GG của biến thể Rs6165 là 0,51 ± 0,21, thấp hơn nhóm AA+AG là 0,77 ± 0,39 (p = 0,01), tương tự ở biến thể Rs6166, chỉ số FOI của nhóm GG là 0,41 ± 0,22 thấp hơn nhóm AA+AG là 0,76 ± 0,42 (p = 0,002). Tỷ lệ noãn trưởng thành MII/số nang thứ cấp thấp hơn ở nhóm GG ở cả 2 biến thể Rs6165 và Rs6166 lần lượt là (0,32 ± 0,18 so với 0,53 ± 0,37) (p = 0,02) và (0,32 ± 0,18 so với 0,52 ± 0,38) (p = 0,03). Như vậy, kiểu gen GG của biến thể gen Rs6165 và Rs6166 có xu hướng đáp ứng kém hơn khi kích thích buồng trứng nhẹ ở bệnh nhân Poseidon nhóm 3 và 4.