bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
SATISFACTION WITH DENTAL AND MEDICAL EDUCATION QUALITY AMONG FOREIGN STUDENTS CONSIDERING NON-NATIVE ENGLISH-SPEAKING ORIGIN OF THE TEACHERS
Authors: GONCHARUK Myroslav , LEİTE CAVALCANTİ Alessandro , STOİKA Olesia , HLİUDZYK-SHEMOTA Marharyta , DEVİATKO Yulia , BOYKİV Alina
Published: December 2020

Objectives. To evaluate satisfaction with dental and medical education quality among foreign students considering non-native English-speaking origin of the teachers. Materials and Methods. Research was conducted in the form of a questionnaire survey among foreign students of Dental Faculty and Medical Faculty during 2019-2020. Questionnaire was presented in the format of Google-form, published within faculties social media group and sent to the e-mail of each student registered via Moodle system. Survey was held considering anonymity of each respondent and personal willingness of each student to take part in the research. One hundred sixty-seven students took part in the survey, among which only 82 answered all the questions. Results. 60 (73,17%) respondents rated their satisfaction with the quality of provided educational process as excellent, while 5 (6,10%) and 17 (20,74%) as satisfactory and good, respectively. Such factors as teacher's/lecturer's knowledge of subject (r=0,72), teacher's/lecturer's knowledge of English (r=0,60), personal motivation (r=0,75) and, education organization, considering the aspect of language adaptation (r=0,65) were found to be statistically related to the quality of received dental and medical education, subjectively evaluated by the foreign students. Conclusions. Considering limitations of performed study, it could be resumed that foreign students are generally highly satisfied with provided level of dental and medical education, even though such was carried out by the lecturers for whom English isn’t the native language. Structured interactive sessions, direct-feedback lectures and additional use of video-podcast are not only preferable among students, but also provide sufficient opportunities for educational process improvement especially due to the conditions, when both student and teacher are non-native English speakers, and when stationary education is limited due to the COVID-19 pandemic situation.
PREDICTIVE INDICATORS FOR MANAGING DENTAL CARE IN PATIENTS WITH DIFFERENT ABILITIES
Authors: CAVA-ARANGOITIA Oswaldo-carlos-josé , GUEVARA-CANALES Janet-ofelıa , MORALES-VADILLO Rafael , CAVA-VERGIÚ Carlos-enrıque , RIBERA-URIBE Manuel , MAYO-ORTEGA Lılıana
Published: December 2020

AIM: To determine predictive indicators for dental health management of patients with different abilities, according to a new screening protocol.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: This was an observational, analytical, retrospective, cross-sectional study. The sample consisted of all patients with different abilities, diagnosed with autism, Down syndrome, cognitive deficit, cerebral palsy and others, who received care between 1999 and 2019 at the Oral Health Service of the Centro Ann Sullivan del Peru and met the inclusion criteria. Data were obtained from the clinical histories to determine the predictive indicators for managing dental care in these patients. A multivariate statistical analysis was performed using binary logistic regression test. The research project was evaluated by the Research Project Reviewing Committee and then referred to the Human Ethics Committee from a university, securing the relevant approvals.
RESULTS: Of the 589 cases evaluated, mean age was 14.5 years, 67.9% were male; systemic diagnosis of different abilities was autism in 62%, the most frequent treatment was caries (52.1%); and final management of these patients was conscious in 96.4% of the cases. With regard to type of classification and horizon, 67.1% of the cases corresponded to classification A, with 35.95% of these in horizon I. With regard to diagnosis of different abilities, autism presented 40.2% of the cases in classification A and horizon I. A predictive equation of 97.1% probability of whether or not sedation was used was obtained. Regression analysis showed that this model has high sensitivity (100%) and low specificity (15%).
CONCLUSION: Results show that the type of management for dental care was conscious in nearly all the cases dealt with. This was significantly influenced by the Classification and Horizon Screening Protocol indicator, which established the best predictive model for whether or not to use sedation. The model adequately classifies patients who do not require sedation.
Indonesia’s Trade Diplomacy Through FTA: Analysis on Actors, Processes, and Goals of Diplomacy
Authors: Killian Pantri Muthriana Erza
Published: December 2020

The purpose of this article is to examine the various FTAs that Indonesia has been involved in within the last 15 years by looking at the three core elements of trade diplomacy: actors, processes, and goals of FTAs. Based on these elements, this research finds that Indonesia’s FTA diplomacy tends to be dominated by foreign policy interests compared to economic ones, which can be observed through several elements. First, Indonesia’s FTA diplomacy is dominated by state actors and foreign policy players with little involvement from economic players and non-state actors. The numerous FTAs signed through ASEAN also reinforced this domination since ASEAN’s distribution of authority placed foreign policy players at a higher hierarchy than trade actors. Second, Indonesia’s FTA diplomacy tends to be inefficient and ineffective due to dualism in its diplomatic process, which involves collective negotiations through ASEAN and at the same time, individually through the national government. This resulted in a multiplicity of agreements, leading to the low number of FTA utilisation by private sectors. Third, Indonesia’s continued use of ASEAN as a medium for FTA negotiations leads to the strengthening of foreign policy goals relative to economic ones, due to ASEAN’s internal characteristics which focuses more on political-security relations, rather than economic ones. Based on these observations, Indonesia needs to reposition its FTA diplomacy to find a better balance between its foreign policy and trade goals.
Developing a theoretical evolutionary framework to solve the mystery of parturition initiation
Authors: Rokas Antonis , Mesiano Sam , Tamam Ortal , LaBella Abigail , Zhang Ge , Muglia Louis
Published: December 2020

Eutherian mammals have characteristic lengths of gestation that are key for reproductive success, but relatively little is known about the processes that determine the timing of parturition, the process of birth, and how they are coordinated with fetal developmental programs. This issue remains one of biology's great unsolved mysteries and has significant clinical relevance because preterm birth is the leading cause of infant and under 5 year old child mortality worldwide. Here, we consider the evolutionary influences and potential signaling mechanisms that maintain or end pregnancy in eutherian mammals and use this knowledge to formulate general theoretical evolutionary models. These models can be tested through evolutionary species comparisons, studies of experimental manipulation of gestation period and birth timing, and human clinical studies. Understanding how gestation time and parturition are determined will shed light on this fundamental biological process and improve human health through the development of therapies to prevent preterm birth.
Leder. Utdanning for ny praksis I
Authors: Nielsen Liv Merete , Berg Arild , Haakonsen Haakonsen , Lysebo Marius , Lutnæs Eva
Published: December 2020

Dette temanummeret av FormAkademisk er et resultat av fyrtårnsprosjektet Didaktikk for teknologi, design og innovasjon (2016-2020) som er finansiert av Fakultet for Teknologi, kunst og design (TKD) ved OsloMet–storbyuniversitetet og ledet av Liv Merete Nielsen. Prosjektet er et bidrag til realiseringen av regjeringens langtidsplan for forskning og høyere utdanning 2019–2028 (Kunnskapsdepartementet, 2018). Regjeringens opp­trappings­­planer inkluderer et teknologiløft, fornyelse og omstilling av nærings­livet og styrking av kvalitet i høyere utdanning. Fyrtårns­­prosjektet har som mål å bidra til å nå disse målene, fordi nøkkelen til ny praksis ligger i utdanning.
Luchas por el significado del derecho a la ciudad: el caso de la coordinadora “Plebiscito por La Reina”, Santiago de Chile
Authors: Angelcos Nicolás
Published: December 2020

Investigaciones recientes en el campo de los estudios urbanos chilenos han destacado la redefinición del campo sociopolítico en el cual se despliegan los conflictos, desde la reivindicación por vivienda hacia la demanda por integración. Esto habría favorecido la articulación entre individuos provenientes de distintas clases sociales. En este artículo se analiza, desde el enfoque teórico del derecho a la ciudad, la coordinadora “Plebiscito por La Reina”, instancia que articulaba demandas provenientes de distintos sectores sociales. Nuestra pregunta de investigación es: la lucha por el cambio en el Plan Regulador Comunal de La Reina ¿logra producir una visión compartida de ciudad? Nuestra hipótesis es que, al interior de la coordinadora, se articulan dos gramáticas distintas (autenticidad y dignidad), que definen las expectativas morales de los vecinos implicados, limitando el alcance de la reivindicación y, por lo tanto, la posibilidad de generar una movilización interclasista.
Consultorías inmobiliarias internacionales y racionalidad financiera en la evaluación y gestión inmobiliaria en São Paulo
Authors: Shimbo Lucia , Sanfelici Daniel , Martinez-Gonzalez Beatriz
Published: December 2020

Las consultorías inmobiliarias internacionales actúan en la interfaz entre actores inmobiliarios y financieros y contribuyen significativamente a la expansión de la financiarización de la producción urbana en mercados considerados poco transparentes, pero prometedores para inversores institucionales. Se constituyen como fuentes de diseminación de nuevas prácticas de negocios en el sector inmobiliario, construyendo una regulación privada que permite la transparencia de los mercados en desarrollo y que hace el producto inmobiliario más legible para los inversores internacionales. A partir de una investigación cualitativa multimétodos con las principales consultorías inmobiliarias que actúan en São Paulo, identificamos que esa regulación utilizó tres instrumentos principales: métodos de evaluación financiera de inmuebles, estándares internacionales de contabilidad y estudios de mercado. Como consecuencia, las consultorías influenciaron las inversiones inmobiliarias de sus clientes (agentes inmobiliarios, pero también financieros e industriales), difundiendo una visión más estratégica y financiera sobre el valor del espacio urbano.
Las condiciones para la diversidad urbana de Jacobs: una comprobación en tres ciudades brasileñas
Authors: Saboya Renato , Souza Gustavo , Kronenberger Bruna , Barause Letícia
Published: December 2020

A pesar de la innegable importancia del trabajo de Jane Jacobs, relativamente pocos estudios han puesto a prueba empíricamente sus afirmaciones. En este trabajo investigamos la relación entre episodios de carácter delictual, utilizados como una forma de medir el grado en que un área puede considerarse exitosa o no, y las principales condiciones que determinan el éxito de un vecindario, presentadas por Jacobs en Muerte y vida de las grandes ciudades: diversidad de uso de la tierra, tamaño de los bloques y densidad de población. Adoptando divisiones censales como unidades territoriales, investigamos mediante análisis visuales y estadísticos las áreas urbanas de las tres ciudades más grandes de Santa Catarina, Brasil: Joinville, Florianópolis (capital del estado) y Blumenau. Los resultados muestran que las áreas más centrales y las más periféricas tienen las tasas más altas de delitos, lo que también es cierto para aquellas con porcentajes más altos de usos no residenciales. La alta densidad de población, por otro lado, se asoció con una mayor seguridad, y el tamaño de los bloques no fue un factor relevante para las tasas de criminalidad en los tres sectores urbanos.
Planificación bajo la perspectiva conceptual y de racionalidad
Authors: Magalhães Rafael
Published: December 2020

La delimitación teórica propuesta por este artículo sigue dos enfoques principales. El primero trata de elementos que construyen un concepto sobre planificación subsidiada por los preceptos del deseo y el movimiento. En el segundo enfoque se analizan diferentes perspectivas, no necesariamente separadas, que materializan los análisis sobre la racionalidad de la planificación. La conexión entre el aspecto filosófico y la práctica de los procesos de planificación, especialmente con respecto al papel del estado, tiene la capacidad de apoyar la comprensión más profunda que se basa en la integralidad del poder en diferentes circuitos técnico-científicos, especialmente en América Latina.
Restoration strategies for the páramo of frailejones effected by fires in northern Ecuador
Authors: Rodríguez-Echeverry James , Leiton Margareth
Published: December 2020

En orden a proponer estrategias para la restauración del páramo de frailejones perturbado por incendios en el norte de Ecuador, este estudio evaluó la efectividad de tres técnicas que utilizaron tres especies nativas en tres sitios con diferente pendiente del terreno: alta (>30%), media (entre 15% y 30%) y baja (<15%). En cada sitio se establecieron seis ensayos de restauración en los que se implementaron las técnicas: introducción de especie nativa, con plantación de Polylepis incana en dos densidades diferentes; reubicación de plantas y regeneración natural, cada una con las especies Hypericum laricifolium e Hypericum lancioides. Las plantas fueron monitoreadas durante 24 meses. Se evaluó la efectividad de las técnicas en términos del éxito en supervivencia, crecimiento y estado fitosanitario de las plantas, mediante el estimador de Kaplan-Meier, análisis de varianza utilizando el test de comparación de medias Tukey (p<0.05) y prueba de Chi cuadrado, respectivamente. Las estrategias fueron propuestas con base en la efectividad de las técnicas en cada sitio. La estrategia para sitios con pendiente alta debe estar conformada por introducción de especie nativa de P. incana en menor densidad y regeneración natural con H. lancioides; para sitios con pendiente media con introducción de especie nativa de P. incana en ambas densidades, y regeneración natural con H. laricifolium; para sitios con pendiente baja con introducción de especie nativa de P. incana en mayor densidad y reubicación de plantas con H. laricifolium y H. lancioides. Las estrategias propuestas contribuyen en el diseño y planificación de la restauración de este importante ecosistema altoandino.
ВИКТОРИНА ЮНЫХ ФИЗИКОВ ОТДЕЛЕНИЯ ФИЗИЧЕСКИХ НАУК РАН, "Земля и Вселенная"
Authors: ГОЛОВАНОВА Алина Владимировна , МАГАРЯН Константин Арутюнович , НАУМОВ Андрей Витальевич
Published: December 2020

С 4 по 24 мая 2020 года, в период вынужденной самоизоляции для многих граждан нашей страны, Отделение физических наук РАН провело Всероссийскую онлайн-викторину юных физиков. Вопросы и задачи викторины, предложенные членами и профессорами РАН, были ориентированы на школьников, интересующихся физикой и астрономией. Ниже приводятся основные результаты проведенного конкурса вместе с условиями и решениями задач, имеющих непосредственное отношение к профилю журнала «Земля и Вселенная».
Reliability of OCT Assisted RNFL Thickness In Diagnosing Glaucoma In High Myopia
Authors: Yadav Neha , Sahai Aanshu , Sharma Raj Kumar , Shamshad Mohd. Abid , Gupta Salani , Singhal Yamni
Published: December 2020

Aim :

To assess RNFL Thickness in high myopes and evaluating its reliability in diagnosing glaucoma.

Material And Methods:

This is a cross-sectional study to compare retinal nerve fibre layer thickness (RNFL) in 112 eyes of 56 subjects presenting to our centre from May 2017 to March 2018. They were divided in two groups based on their refractive status (emmetropes and high myopes >-6D). Baseline ocular examination and Fourier domain optical coherence tomography was done and average and quadrant wise RNFL thickness was measured. Both the groups were compared based on their RNFL thickness. Data was analyzed using unpaired t-test, chi-square test/ Fisher exact test wherever applicable. P-value <0.05 was taken as significant.

Results:

Mean RNFL thickness was 85.40±15.45μ in myopes and99.34±10.26μ in emmetropes. It was significantly less (Mean difference 13.94; 95% CI -18.93 to -8.94) in myopes compared to emmetropes. Quadrant wise analysis showed significant thinning in myopes in comparison to emmetropes except in temporal quadrant.

Conclusion:

Though OCT is a valuable tool for diagnosing pre-perimetric glaucomatous changes but we have to be very cautious in cases of myopia. There is definite thinning of RNFL in high myopes but we must correlate with the clinical findings. Though the specific pattern of glaucomatous changes can provide clue to differentiate myopic thinning from true glaucomatous thinning which is more generalized butwe should not rely only on OCT with the current normative data.
Visual Loss following Daily Dose Regimen of Anti Tubercular Treatment
Authors: Chandra Silni , Ranjini K. , Mathew Christie Sarah
Published: December 2020

This article is to report on the increasing trend of visual loss following daily regimen of Anti Tubercular treatment. Review of 15 patients who presented with varying degrees of visual loss after starting Anti Tubercular treatment was done. The patients had variable time of presentation ranging from few weeks to 3 months. Pupillary reaction was bilaterally brisk but ill sustained in 80% cases. Fundus examination showed optic disc changes only in 20% cases. Ethambutol was stopped in all cases. 46.6% patients were given systemic steroids. Patients who presented early had better visual prognosis. No treatment was found to be effective in reversing the optic neuropathy except stopping of Ethambutol. Only early diagnosis could prevent total visual loss. Till the time the causes and risk factors get better elucidated it would be prudent to have a regular Ophthalmological evaluation of all patients who are started on daily regimen of anti-tubercular treatment.
STRATEGIES FOR MANAGEMENT OF ALZHEIMER’S DISEASE: A REVIEW
Authors: Sharma Ishu , Kumar Ankit
Published: December 2020

Alzheimer’s is the most widely recognized reason for dementia discovered by Alois Alzheimer’s in 1906. Severity of Alzheimer’s disease is increments with age and mostly after 65 years. It is a progressive neurodegenerative disease that damage memory and intellectual capacities. It affects 34 million people worldwide and as time goes, the pervasiveness of Alzheimer’s disease continues to increase and as indicated by WHO it can reaches to 95 million by 2050. Manifestation of Alzheimer’s incorporates cognitive decline that changes day by day way of life, trouble in finishing everyday errands, disarray with time or spot, misguide thinking. Most preferred drugs used for Alzheimer’s are cholinesterase inhibitors like Donepezil, rivastigmine, Galantamine, Tacrine, NMDA receptor antagonist like memantine. The purpose of this review article is to provide a brief introduction, potential causes, symptoms and mechanism of action of Alzheimer’s disease. This review article likewise accentuation on utilization of therapeutic plants and isolated compounds for preventing and reducing the symptoms of Alzheimer’s disease.
ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY TEST OF GENUS ALLIUM: A REVIEW
Authors: Arifa Fadhilah , Fajrina Anzharni , Eriadi Aried , Asra Ridho
Published: December 2020

The genus Allium plants are often used by people as a food flavoring. These plants are also used for medicinal purposes. The genus Allium plants are known to inhibit the growth of microorganisms such as bacteria, fungi, viruses, and parasites by having the Allicin, Ajoene main compounds, and secondary metabolites. This review article describes plants from the genus Allium that have antimicrobial potential. In the writing process, this review article used literature study techniques by finding literature in the form of official books, national journals, and international journals in the last 10 years (2010-2020). The literature search in writing this review article was conducted through online media search with keywords as follows: antimicrobial, Allium, and inhibition zone diameter. The search for the main references in this review article was done through Google Scholar, ScienceDirect, Reserachgate, and other published journals. Some plants of the genus Allium such as Allium ascalonicum, Allium cepa, Allium chinense, Allium porrum, Allium roseum, Allium sativum, Allium staticiforme, Allium subhirsutum, Allium tuberosum, Allium tuncelianum, and Allium wallichii showed antimicrobial activity. The potential antimicrobial activity of each part of the plant depends on the solvent used, the concentration and levels of secondary metabolites contained therein.
SCREENING OF BIOACTIVE COMPONENTS BY GC-MS ANALYSIS AND THE STUDY ON IN VITRO ANTICANCER EFFICACY OF MICROPORUS AFFINIS (BLUME & T. NEES) KUNT.
Authors: Aneesh S , Thoppil J E
Published: December 2020

Natural compounds with biological activity are normally present in plants, mushrooms and their natural sources. Applied mycology is one of the most stimulating and rapidly evolving areas of the biological sciences. Hence the present study focussed on exploring Microporus affinis (Blume & T. Nees) Kunt., the least explored and edible bracket fungus. Chemical characterization by GC-MS analysis resulted in the presence of 47 bioactive compounds. 9, 12- Octadecadienoic acid (Z,Z)- methyl ester, Ergosterol, Monolinolein, Thiacremonone, Stellasterol, n- Hexadecanoic acid, Ribitol, Maltol etc., were the leading compounds. Because of the presence of various bioactive compounds which have been already reported to possess antitumor, antioxidant and anticancer activities, M. affinis extract has been tested for in vitro anticancer efficacy on DLD1 cell lines (cultured in DMEM medium) using MTT assay. It resulted in the decrease of percentage of viability as the increase in concentration of the extract. Apoptosis was determined by using Acridine orange and Ethidium bromide staining. Thus, the taxa, M. affinis can be recommended for further anticancer assays for validation.
EPIDEMIOLOGY OF RESPIRATORY PROBLEMS IN ASSOCIATION WITH VARIOUS RISK FACTORS: A CLINICAL STUDY AT ST. JOSEPH’S GENERAL HOSPITAL
Authors: Chakravarthy Vedantham Satya , Krishna Prasad Dasari Rama , Teja Reddy Pavan , Rispa Darabadi
Published: December 2020

The aim of the study was to identify the epidemiology of respiratory problems and to assess their association with various risk factors in patients of St. Joseph’s general hospital, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh. The study was conducted over a period of 8 months (July-2019 to February-2020) in 71 patients (both males and females) and the data was analyzed using EXCEL 2007 and SPSS version 6.0. The study was conducted throughout 3 seasons (Monsoon, autumn, winter) during which people are more prone to respiratory problems. Demographic information like the name, age, gender, address, and previous medical history was included. The risk factors like time of admission (month), location, age, gender, past medical history & other co-morbidities and social history were considered. The diagnosed pulmonary problems include Asthma, Bronchitis (acute, chronic & viral), COPD, Interstitial Lung Disease, LRTI, Lung Cancer, Pneumonia, Respiratory Failure, Tuberculosis, Tonsillitis and Shortness of Breath due to either Plural Effusion or Pulmonary Oedema. This study depicts the epidemiology of respiratory problems as Non-Guntur district (14.084%), Guntur urban (59.154%), Guntur rural (26.760%). This study shows the results as; patient with social history of tobacco and/or alcohol (10%), patients without any social history (90%), without any past medical history or other co-morbidities (51%), with some past medical history (49%), males (54.93%), females (45.07), July to October (50.7%), November to February (49.3%). And 61-to-70-year patients are at the top (23.94%) and 11 to 20 year patients are at the bottom (1.40%) of the distribution.
BIOGENIC SYNTHESIS, CHARACTERIZATION OF SILVER NANOPARTICLES FROM CARISSA CARANDAS LEAF EXTRACT AND ITS PHARMACOLOGICAL ACTIVITIES
Authors: Madari Steffi S , Dhavan Pratik P , Shah Nisha J
Published: December 2020

A Plant-mediated synthesis of nanoparticles is considered as a representative approach to environment benignity in material synthesis to avoid chemical toxicity. In this present study, we report an eco-friendly technique for the preparation of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) from aqueous leaves extract of Carissa carandas Linn, and the evaluation of their pharmacological activities. The formation of AgNPs is confirmed by UV-Visible spectrum which peak highest at 436nm that corresponds to surface plasmon resonance of AgNPs. The shape and size of synthesized AgNPs were determined by HR-TEM and FEG-SEM which indicated well-dispersed nanoparticles with size ranging from 20nm-40nm. The functional groups responsible for reduction of silver ions are demonstrated by FTIR. XRD reported the crystalline nature of AgNPs. DPPH assay shows AgNPs has better antioxidant potential than its aqueous leaves extract. Antibacterial activity of AgNPs using resazurin dye against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria with minimum inhibition concentrations (MICs) was found to be in the range from 31.5 μg/mL to 125 μg/mL. This biogenic synthesis provides an environment friendly, clean, cost-effective, and easy method for synthesis of AgNPs with enhanced pharmacological activities.
Radiographic Presentations of Hospital Acquired Pneumonia in Pediatric ICU
Authors: Heikal Nahla Mohamed , Eltomey Mohamed Adel , Hazzaa Sahar Mohey El-Din , Muhammad Khaled Talaat
Published: December 2020

Background: Hospital-acquired pneumonia is a major medical problem even in developed countries. It is the most common nosocomial infection reaching 25% of all infections in the intensive care unit (ICU).

Aim: Aim is to study the radiographic findings of hospital acquired pneumonia in collaboration with laboratory and clinical findings in pediatric intensive care unit.

Patients and Methods: A prospective study on 60 pediatric patients admitted to PICU. Cases were divided into two groups. Group A: 30 cases with clear chest x-ray on admission and developed Hospital Acquired Pneumonia (HAP) after 48 hours. Group B: 30 cases with Community Acquired Pneumonia (CAP) on admission. Both groups were subdivided into mechanically ventilated and non-Mechanically Ventilated (MV and non-MV).

Results: Regarding X-ray in 1st day there was significant increase in CAP compared with HAP in the form of Bronchopneumonia and lobar pneumonia with effusion. X-ray in HAP had significant worsening in 3rd day compared with 1st day in both MV and non-MV groups. Otherwise no difference was found between groups.

Regarding CT Chest, there was statistically significant increase in Bronchopneumonia in non-MV CAP compared with other groups. Also, there was statistically significant increase in Rt. Upper lobar pneumonia in MV HAP compared with other groups. Similarly, there was statistically significant increase in Lt. pleural effusion with underling consolidation collapse of lower lobe in MV HAP compared with other groups. There was statistically significant increase in Rt. pleural effusion with underling consolidation collapse of rt. Lung in non-MV CAP compared with other groups. There was statistically significant increase in Bronchopneumonia with Rt. minimal pneumothorax in MV CAP compared with other groups. Otherwise, there was no significant difference between the studied groups.

Conclusion: Hospital acquired pneumonia was worse radiologically and bacteriologically. Hence, need more time to heal and more aggressive therapy was needed. Clinical pulmonary infection score was predictor for mortality. Predictors for length of stay (LOS) were found total leukocystic count (TLC), Absolute Neutrophilic Count (ANC), ESR and Culture & Sensitivity of bronchial secretions.
Malaria Status in Relation to Risk Factors among Attendees of Two Health Facilities in Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria
Authors: Wokem G. N. , Erasmus A. M. , Wokem V. C.
Published: December 2020

A cross sectional study was conducted among subjects from two health facilities in Port Harcourt to assess malaria status and its health determinants. Seven hundred subjects of different ages and both sexes were investigated after ethical approval was obtained from Rivers State Ministry of Health, Port Harcourt, Nigeria. Written consent of the subjects was obtained before questionnaire administration to obtain the demographic data. The uninfected subjects were used as control. Four (4) mls of blood was taken from each subject by vein-puncture into separate EDTA bottles for haematological profile tests and malaria parasite identification using standard haematological and parasitological techniques. The overall prevalence of malaria was 27%. The males had slightly higher prevalence (27.8%) than the females (26.5%), though the difference was not statistically significant (P> 0.05). The highest prevalence occurred among females (48.4%) of age group <1-10yrs and followed by males (40.7%) of same age group, and followed by males of 11-20 yrs with 36.4%. From risk groups related prevalence the School children (45%) were the most infected, followed by Blood donors (35.7%) and pregnant women (26.5%). Only the Packed Cell Volume was significantly affected adversely by malaria (P<0.0001), of all the haematological Parameters tested.
Desulfofundulaceaefam. nov.
Authors: Watanabe Miho , Fukui Manabu , Kuever Jan
Published: December 2020

De.sul.fo.fun.du.la.ce'ae. N.L. masc. n.Desulfofundulustype genus of the family; suff.‐aceaeending to denote a family; N.L. fem. pl. n.Desulfofundulaceaethe family ofDesulfofundulus.

Desulfotomaculota (Firmicutes_B) / Desulfotomaculia / Desulfotomaculales / Desulfofundulaceae fam. nov

Cells are straight or slightly curved rods. The family currently accommodates two generaDesulfovirgulaandDesulfofundulus. Cells ofDesulfovirgulaspecies stain Gram‐positive. Gram‐staining reaction is variable for the species ofDesulfofundulus. Spherical or oval spores occur central or subterminal of cells. Nonmotile or motile by means of flagella. Strictly anaerobic, having a respiratory or fermentative types of metabolism. Thermophilic and neutrophilic. NaCl is not essential for growth. Chemoorganoheterotrophic growth occurs using organic acids, alcohols, and short‐ to long‐chain fatty acids. Chemolithoautotrophic growth with H2and CO2. Substrates are incompletely oxidized to acetate or completely oxidized to CO2. Sulfate, sulfite, and thiosulfate serve as electron acceptors and are reduced to sulfide. Grows fermentatively on organic acids. Desulfoviridin is absent. The major cellular fatty acids are iso‐C15 : 0, C15:0DMA (dimethyl acetal), C16:0, iso‐C17 : 0, andC17 : 0DMA. The major menaquinone is MK‐7. The type genus isDesulfofundulus, which was first isolated from a sample of underground thermal mineral water.

DNA G + C content (mol%): 48.1–60.1 (LC,Tm); 54.5–61.3 (genome).

Type genus:DesulfofundulusWatanabe et al. 2018VP.
Gemmataceae
Authors: Dedysh Svetlana N. , Ivanova Anastasia A.
Published: December 2020

Gem.ma.ta.ce'ae. N.L. fem. n.
Gemmata
type genus of the family;
‐aceae
ending to denote a family; N.L. fem. pl. n.
Gemmataceae
the
Gemmata
family.

Planctomycetes / Planctomycetia / Gemmatales / Gemmataceae

The family
Gemmataceae
accommodates planctomycetes with spherical or ellipsoidal cells, which occur singly, in pairs, or are assembled in large rosette‐like clusters and dendriform‐like structures. Some of these planctomycetes form thick stalks. Crateriform pits are scattered all over the cell surface. Cell division occurs by means of budding; daughter cells are commonly motile but representatives with nonmotile swarm cells are also described. Members of this family are strictly aerobic, neutrophilic, or mildly acidophilic chemoorganotrophs, which grow on various sugars and polysaccharides. Some representatives are capable of degrading chitin or cellulose. All
Gemmataceae
planctomycetes are characterized by large genome sizes. The family includes the genera
Gemmata
,
Fimbriiglobus
,
Limnoglobus
,
Telmatocola
,
Tuwongella
, and
Zavarzinella
. Members of the
Gemmataceae
are widely distributed in various freshwater habitats, soils, and wetlands.

DNA G + C content (mol%)
: 58–67 (genome sequence).

Type genus:
Gemmata
Franzmann and Skerman 1984, VL18.
Desulfatibacillum
Authors: Galushko Alexander , Kuever Jan
Published: December 2020

De.sul.fa.ti.ba.cil'lum. L. pref.
de‐
, from; N.L. masc. n.
sulfas
, sulfate; L. neut. n.
bacillum
, a small staff, a wand, a rod; N.L. neut. n.
Desulfatibacillum
, a sulfate‐reducing rod.

Desulfobacterota / Desulfobacteria / Desulfobacterales / Desulfatibacillaceae / Desulfatibacillum

Short to polymorphic or slightly curved rods, 0.5−0.7 × 1.2−5.5 μm. Occur in clumps during growth on insoluble substrates or singly. Stain Gram‐negative. Spore formation and motility are not observed. Strictly anaerobic, having a respiratory type of metabolism. Chemoorganoheterotrophic, using alkanes (most members), alkenes (all members), C
4
–C
18
straight‐chain fatty acids, and some simple organic compounds as carbon sources and electron donors. Electron donors are completely oxidized to CO
2
via the anaerobic C
1
‐pathway (carbon monoxide dehydrogenase [CODH] or Wood–Ljungdahl pathway). Chemolithoautotrophic, growing on H
2
plus CO
2
. Sulfate, sulfite, and thiosulfate serve as terminal electron acceptors and are reduced to H
2
S. Fermentative growth was not observed. Mesophilic, optimal growth temperature, 28–35°C. Neutrophilic, optimal pH, 6.8–7.5. Media containing a reductant and 10–24 of NaCl g/l are necessary for growth. Vitamins are not required. The genus
Desulfatibacillum
contains two described species.
Desulfatibacillum
species occur in oil‐polluted and nonpolluted, anoxic brackish, and marine sediments.

DNA G + C content (mol%)
: 54.4–54.9 (genome).

Type species
:
Desulfatibacillum aliphaticivorans
Cravo‐Laureau et al. 2004b
VP
.
Kushneria
Authors: Ventosa Antonio , Sánchez‐Porro Cristina
Published: December 2020

Kush.ne'ri.a. N.L. fem. n.Kushneria, from the name Kushner, honoring Dr. Donn J. Kushner, a Canadian microbiologist who carried out pioneering studies on halophilic microorganisms.

Proteobacteria / Gammaproteobacteria / Oceanospirillales / Halomonadaceae / Kushneria

The genusKushneriais classified within the familyHalomonadaceaeand the orderOceanospirillales, in the classGammaproteobacteria. The cells are Gram‐stain‐negative, motile, and non‐endospore‐forming rods. Colonies are orange, light orange, light salmon, or yellow pigmented. Chemoorganotrophic. Aerobic or facultatively anaerobic. Catalase‐positive and oxidase‐negative. Optimal growth at 0.5–12% (w/v) NaCl, at pH 7.0–9.0, and 25–37°C. The major respiratory quinone is ubiquinone 9 (Q9). The predominant cellular fatty acids are C16:0, C18:1ω7c, C19:0cyclo ω8c, and C12:03‐OH. The polar lipids are phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, three unidentified phospholipids, two glycolipids, and an aminoglycolipid. The DNA G + C content is 59.0–64.1 mol%. Currently, the genus includes nine species:Kushneria aurantia(type species of the genus),Kushneria avicenniae,Kushneria endophytica,Kushneria indalinina,Kushneria konosiri,Kushneria marisflavi,Kushneria pakistanensis,Kushneria phyllosphaerae, andKushneria sinocarnis. The strains of these species were isolated from halophyte plants, salterns and saline soils, marine habitats, and fermented food.

DNA G + C content (mol%): 59.0–64.1 (Tm/genome).

Type species:Kushneria aurantiaSánchez‐Porro et al. 2009VP.
Otariodibacter
Authors: Hansen Mie J.
Published: December 2020

O.ta.ri.o.di.bac'ter. N.L. pl. neut. n. Otarioidea, taxonomic name for the superfamily consisting of the families Otariidae (sea lions and fur seals) and Odobenidae (walruses); N.L. masc. n. bacter a rod; N.L. masc. n.
Otariodibacter
rod isolated from Otarioidea.

Proteobacteria / Gammaproteobacteria / Pasteurellales / Pasteurellaceae / Otariodibacter

Nonmotile, fermentative, and Gram‐negative rods which are catalase‐ and oxidase‐positive. Positive reactions for Voges–Proskauer and indole. Do not require X‐ or V‐factor. Acid is produced from
l
‐arabinose (slow),
l
‐fucose, maltose, and trehalose but not from dulcitol,
d
‐mannitol,
d
‐mannose, and
d
‐sucrose. The main fatty acids for the type strain Baika1 are C
14:0
, C
16:0
, C
16:1
ω7
c
, and the summed feature C
14:0
3OH/C
16:1
ISO I. The main quinones of Baika1 are ubiquinone‐8, menaquinone‐8, and demethylmenaquinone‐8.
Otariodibacter oris
has been isolated from healthy sea lions, fur seals, and walruses and from infections in California sea lions.

DNA G + C content (mol%)
: The G + C content for Baika1 is 36.2 mol%.

Type species
:
Otariodibacter oris
Hansen et al. 2012a
VP
.
“
Desulfoliva
” gen. nov.
Authors: Galushko Alexander , Kuever Jan
Published: December 2020

De.sulf.o'li.va. L. prefix
de
, off; L. neut. n.
sulfur
, sulfur; N.L. pref.
desulfo
‐, desulfuricating (prefix used to characterize a dissimilatory sulfate‐reducing prokaryote); L. fem. n.
oliva
, an olive; N.L. fem. n.
Desulfoliva
, a sulfate‐reducing olive.

Desulfobacterota / Desulfobacteria / Desulfobacterales / Desulfofabaceae / Desulfoliva gen. nov.

Cells are curved rods, 0.8–1.0 × 3.0–3.8 μm. Occur singly or in pairs. Spore formation is not observed. Motile by a single polar flagellum. Strictly anaerobic, having respiratory or fermentative type of metabolism. Chemoorganoheterotrophic, using propionate,
n‐
propanol, and lactate. Electron donors are incompletely oxidized to acetate. Sulfate, sulfite, and thiosulfate serve as terminal electron acceptors and are reduced to sulfide. Fermentative growth on lactate. Mesophilic, optimal growth temperature 28°C. Neutrophilic; the pH range for growth is 6.0–7.75 (optimum 6.8–7.1). The optimal concentration of NaCl for growth is 1–1.6% (w/v). Media containing a reductant are necessary for growth. Vitamins or yeast extract is not required. The genus
“
Desulfoliva
”
contains one described species and occurs in anoxic sediments of brackish or marine habitats. However, because the type strain is no longer available in two culture collections, the new name cannot be validly published.

DNA G + C content (mol%)
: 48.8 (LC).

Type species
:
“
Desulfoliva fastidiosa
”
comb. nov. (basonym:
Desulfofaba fastidiosa
Abildgaard et al. 2004).
Oceanicella
Authors: Albuquerque Luciana , Egas Conceição
Published: December 2020

Oceanicella
(O.ce.a.ni.cel'la. L. masc. n.
oceanus
; L. fem. n.
cella
, chamber/cell; N.L. fem. n.
Oceanicella
, a cell from the ocean).

Proteobacteria / Alphaproteobacteria / Rhodobacterales / Rhodobacteraceae / Oceanicella

The genus
Oceanicella
comprises one species named
Oceanicella actignis
. Members of this species possess pleomorphic cells ranging from rods to coccoid forms. The type strain of the species is nonmotile; some strains are motile. Cells stain Gram‐negative, and endospores are not observed. Colonies are nonpigmented. The species
O. actignis
is slightly thermophilic, slightly halophilic, and strictly aerobic. Possess cytochrome
c
oxidase and is catalase‐positive. Chemoorganotrophic. Growth factors are not necessary for growth in minimal defined medium. Organic acids, amino acids, and polyols are used as carbon and energy sources; sugars are not assimilated. The major respiratory quinone is ubiquinone 10. The major polar lipids are phosphatidylcholine phosphatidylglycerol, and one unidentified aminolipid (AL1). Fatty acids are primarily straight chain. Isolated from marine and terrestrial saline hot springs. DNA G + C content is 71.2–72.4 mol% (HPLC and genome sequence). The type species is
O. actignis
. The genus belongs to the family
Rhodobacteraceae
.

DNA G + C content (mol%)
: 71.2–72.4 (HPLC and genome sequence).

Type species
:
Oceanicella actignis
Albuquerque et al. 2012, VL148.
Schleiferia
Authors: Albuquerque Luciana , Egas Conceição , da Costa Milton S.
Published: December 2020

Schlei.fe'ri.a. N.L. fem. n.Schleiferianamed in honor of the German microbiologist Karl‐Heinz Schleifer.

Bacteroidetes / Flavobacteriia / Flavobacteriales / Schleiferiaceae / Schleiferia

The genusSchleiferiacomprises one species namedSchleiferia thermophila. The organism produces short rod‐shaped cells that are 0.5–0.7 μm in width and 0.5–1.5 μm in length. The species is not motile and does not possess flagella. Gliding motility has not been detected by visual observation. The organism stains Gram‐negative, and endospores are not observed. Colonies are orange pigmented. Slightly thermophilic with an optimum growth temperature of about 50°C. Strictly aerobic. Cytochromecoxidase‐ and catalase‐positive. Chemoorganotrophic. Growth factors are necessary for growth in minimal medium. Several carbohydrates, organic acids, and amino acids are used as carbon and energy sources, but the polyols tested are not assimilated. The major respiratory quinone of this species is menaquinone 6 (MK‐6). The polar lipid profile is dominated by phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), two unidentified aminolipids (ALs), and three unidentified lipids (ULs). Fatty acids are primarily iso‐branched, monounsaturated, and hydroxy fatty acids. The type strain was isolated from a hydrothermal area.

DNA G + C content (mol%): 42.8 (HPLC).

DNA G + C content (%): 42.9 (genome).

Type species:Schleiferia thermophilaAlbuquerque et al. 2011VP.
Kordiimonas
Authors: Xu Lin , Xu Xue‐Wei , Whitman William B.
Published: December 2020

Kor.di.i.mo'nas. N.L. fem. n.
Kordia
arbitrary name derived from the abbreviation KORDI, which stands for Korea Ocean Research and Development Institute; L. fem. n.
monas
a monad, unit; N.L. fem. n.
Kordiimonas
a microorganism described by scientists working at KORDI.

Proteobacteria / Alphaproteobacteria / Kordiimonadales / Kordiimonadaceae / Kordiimonas

The genus
Kordiimonas
is one of three genera belonging to the order
Kordiimonadales
. It currently consists of seven species:
K
.
aestuarii
,
K
.
aquimaris
, the type species
K
.
gwangyangensis
,
K
.
lacus
,
K
.
lipolytica
,
K
.
pumila
, and
K
.
sediminis
. All species are aerobic, mesophilic, halophilic, and chemoorganotrophic and were firstly isolated from marine environments. Cells are Gram‐stain‐negative, rodlike in form, and motile by flagella. Several
Kordiimonas
strains degrade hydrocarbons, such as crude and diesel oils, pyrene, and benzo[a]pyrene. The predominant cellular fatty acids are branched. The main respiratory quinone is ubiquinone‐10 (Q‐10). The major polar lipids are phosphatidylethanolamine and unidentified glycolipids, aminophospholipids, aminolipids, and other lipids. The DNA G + C content ranges from 50 to 58 mol%.

DNA G + C content (mol%)
: 50–58 (by genome, LC or
T
m
).

Type species
:
Kordiimonas gwangyangensis
Kwon et al. 2005
VP
.
Allokutzneria
Authors: Duangmal Kannika , Teo Wee Fei Aaron
Published: December 2020

Al.lo.kutz.ne'ri.a. Gr. masc. adj.
allos
other; N.L. fem. n.
Kutzneria
a bacterial generic name; N.L. fem. n.
Allokutzneria
the other
Kutzneria
, referring to the fact that it is phylogenetically close to
Kutzneria
but chemotaxonomically distinct.

Actinobacteria / Actinobacteria / Pseudonocardiales / Pseudonocardiaceae / Allokutzneria

The genus
Allokutzneria
belongs to the family
Pseudonocardiaceae
within the class
Actinomycetia
. Members of
Allokutzneria
are aerobic, Gram‐stain‐positive, and non‐acid‐fast actinomycetes with well‐branched substrate mycelia with various degrees of fragmentation. Aerial mycelia form spore chains and sporangium‐like globular bodies. The mature globules are surrounded by a membrane envelope and contain irregularly coiled hyphae but no spores. Spores are nonmotile with smooth surface. Cells are characterized by the absence of mycolic acids, presence of
meso
‐diaminopimelic acid in cell wall, and presence of arabinose, galactose, glucose, mannose, and rhamnose in whole‐cell hydrolysates. The polar lipid profile consists of diphosphatidylglycerol, hydroxyphosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, and phosphatidylmethylethanolamine. The predominant menaquinone is MK‐9(H
4
). The characteristic fatty acid components are iso‐C
15:0
and iso‐C
16:0
. Members of this genus have 16S rRNA sequence identities of 98.4–98.8% among member species and less than 97.5% with other members of the family
Pseudonocardiaceae
. The genus
Allokutzneria
forms a closely related phylogenetic neighbor to the genus
Crossiella
. Phenotypically, strains produce acid from various carbon compounds with growth temperature range 17–40°C and tolerate up to 4% (w/v) NaCl. The genus
Allokutzneria
comprises three species namely,
Allokutzneria albata
(type species of the genus),
Allokutzneria multivorans,
and
Allokutzneria oryzae
.

DNA G + C content (mol%)
: 69.1–71.8.

Type species
:
Allokutzneria albata
(Tomita et al. 1993) Labeda and Kroppenstedt 2008
VP
emend. Nouioui et al. 2018.
Desulfuribacillales
ord. nov.
Authors: Sorokin Dimitry Y. , Merkel Alexander Y. , Abin Christopher A. , Hollibaugh James T.
Published: December 2020

De.sul.fu.ri.ba.cil.la'les. N.L. masc. n.
Desulfuribacillales
, the order of the genus
Desulfuribacillus
.

Firmicutes / Desulfuribacillia /
Desulfuribacillales
ord. nov.

Order
Desulfuribacillales
is the only order of the class
Desulfuribacillia
, which forms a deep‐branching phylogenetic lineage at the base of the phylum
Firmicutes
. It consists of a single‐family
Desulfuribacillaceae
and a genus
Desulfuribacillus
, whose species are haloalkaliphilic anaerobes with a respiratory metabolism.

DNA G
+
C content (mol%)
: 37.5–38.2 (genome).

Type genus
:
Desulfuribacillus
Sorokin et al. 2014, VL160.
Interdisciplinary care of children with trisomy 13 and 18
Authors: Weaver Meaghann S. , Anderson Venus , Beck Jill , Delaney Jeffrey W. , Ellis Cynthia , Fletcher Scott , Hammel James , Haney Suzanne , Macfadyen Andrew , Norton Bridget , Rickard Mary , Robinson Jeffrey A. , Sewell Ryan , Starr Lois , Birge Nicole D.
Published: December 2020

Children with trisomy 13 and 18 (previously deemed “incompatible with life”) are living longer, warranting a comprehensive overview of their unique comorbidities and complex care needs. This Review Article provides a summation of the recent literature, informed by the study team's Interdisciplinary Trisomy Translational Program consisting of representatives from: cardiology, cardiothoracic surgery, neonatology, otolaryngology, intensive care, neurology, social work, chaplaincy, nursing, and palliative care. Medical interventions are discussed in the context of decisional‐paradigms and whole‐family considerations. The communication format, educational endeavors, and lessons learned from the study team's interdisciplinary care processes are shared with recognition of the potential for replication and implementation in other care settings.