bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Visible Light‐Triggered Supramolecular Hydrogel Based on Cyclic Dipeptides Stabilized with Coulomb Interactions
Authors: Seliwjorstow Angelika , Bach Marius , Kirchner Susanne , Palloks Sarah , Pianowski Zbigniew L.
Published: March 2024

Amphiphilic cyclic dipeptides are efficient supramolecular hydrogelators. They can be combined with molecular photoswitches to produce light‐responsive soft materials, which can be applied in controlled drug delivery. Here it is reported that an arginine‐containing cyclic dipeptide decorated with ortho‐fluorinated azobenzene forms hydrogels under physiological conditions that can be reversibly liquefied upon exposure to visible light frequencies (green and violet, respectively). The addition of sodium alginate results in composite supramolecular hydrogels with increased gelating capacity supported with Coulombic interactions, which also reversibly dissipate upon irradiation.
Research on enterprise production decision‐making considering consumer heterogeneity under carbon labeling system
Authors: Jin Shuai , Shen Jiali , Dabuo Francis Tang
Published: March 2024

The article focuses on consumers with heterogeneous preferences for product carbon footprints under two carbon labeling systems: carbon reduction labels and carbon footprint labels. Using mathematical models, the study explores the optimal decision‐making behavior of enterprises under the carbon labeling system based on consumer utility theory at the enterprise level. It also investigates consumer surplus, environmental improvement, and social welfare under different production modes of the carbon reduction label and carbon footprint label systems at the societal level. The research findings are as follows: (1) At the level of economic benefits for enterprises, choosing to produce products with carbon reduction labels is more favorable when the investment costs for emission reduction are high, while choosing to produce products with carbon footprint labels is more favorable when the investment costs for emission reduction are low. The optimal prices of products under the two carbon labeling systems show opposite trends compared to the investment costs for emission reduction. (2) At the level of environmental benefits for enterprises, under the carbon reduction labeling system, whether through full production or a mixed production mode, enterprises are only willing to reduce the carbon footprint of products to the standard value. However, under the carbon footprint labeling system, especially in the mixed production mode, enterprises show a stronger willingness to overachieve in emission reduction target. (3) At the level of social benefits, compared to the situation under the carbon reduction labeling system, when the investment costs for emission reduction are low, the carbon footprint labeling system is more favorable in terms of consumer surplus and social welfare. However, this advantage gradually diminishes as the investment costs for emission reduction increase. (4) Excessive investment costs for emission reduction are detrimental to the implementation of both carbon reduction and carbon footprint labeling systems. The research conclusions suggest that companies should develop appropriate production strategies based on actual circumstances. Additionally, it is necessary for both the government and companies to reduce investment costs in emissions reductions by improving the system and optimizing emission reduction methods in order to better implement carbon labeling policies.
Revisiting reference evapotranspiration calculation under regional advection and its effect on single and dual crop coefficients: An empirical approach for quinoa crop
Authors: Razmavaran Mohammad Hadi , Sepaskhah Ali Reza , Ahmadi Seyed Hamid
Published: March 2024

Advection is a prevailing meteorological phenomenon in the arid and semi‐arid environments that directly affects the crop and soil hydrology. It could have a great impact on the rate of standard crop evapotranspiration (ETc) in the irrigated areas. Therefore, it is required to take it into consideration while computing crop water requirement through the physically based meteorological procedures. The objectives of this study are (1) simple modification of the Penman–Monteith (PM) equation in calculation of the grass reference evapotranspiration (ETo) to implement the local advection, (2) comparing the single (Kc) and dual crop coefficient (Kcb) of two quinoa cultivars (Titicaca, and Q5) with and without advection correction and (3) presenting a simple model to calculate the advection factor using the maximum air temperature and mean relative humidity for the future crop growth modelling studies. Both Q5 and Titicaca showed unexpectedly very high ETc and potential transpiration (Tp) as 1568 mm and 1003 mm, and 1156 mm and 829 mm, respectively, due to occurrence of regional advection, whereas very high unrealistic Kc and Kcb values for Q5 revealed the impact of strong local advection and external energy. Therefore, we modified ETo to implement the advection effect through introducing the advection factor, ETc/Rn (Rn is the net radiation), as a function of maximum air temperature and mean relative air humidity during the growing season [ETc/Rn = exp (0.025Tmax – 0.015RHavg)] which resulted in higher ETo values, and consequently lower and more realistic Kc and Kcb. As a result, modified maximum Kc values of 1.14 and 1.55 and the modified maximum Kcb of 0.94 and 1.0 were obtained for Titicaca and Q5 cultivars, respectively. This procedure leads to a more accurate site‐specific Kc estimation and indirectly reliable ETc estimation as a function of advection factor and its multiplication by the non‐modified ETo. Furthermore, for direct estimation of ETc through the PM equation, the coefficients of aerodynamic and canopy resistance components of PM equation were modified for estimation of ETc by the non‐modified Rn, which resulted in accurate estimation of ETc.
Identification of novel pathogenic variants of CUBN in patients with isolated proteinuria
Authors: Yang Huihui , He Lanfen , Gong Hongjian , Wan Chunhui , Ding Juanjuan , Liao Panli , Wang Xiaowen
Published: March 2024

Background

Although proteinuria is long recognized as an independent risk factor for progressive chronic kidney diseases, not all forms of proteinuria are detrimental to kidney function, one of which is isolated proteinuria caused by cubilin (CUBN)‐specific mutations. CUBN encodes an endocytic receptor, initially found to be responsible for the Imerslund–Gräsbeck syndrome (IGS; OMIM #261100) characterized by a combined phenotype of megaloblastic anemia and proteinuria.

Methods

After analyzing their clinical and pathological characterizations, next‐generation sequencing for renal disease genes or whole‐exome sequencing (WES) was performed on four patients with non‐progressive isolated proteinuria. CUBN biallelic pathogenic variants were identified and further analyzed by cDNA‐PCR sequencing, immunohistochemistry, minigene assay, and multiple in silico prediction tools, including 3D protein modeling.

Results

Here, we present four patients with isolated proteinuria caused by CUBN C‐terminal biallelic pathogenic variants, all of which showed no typical IGS symptoms, such as anemia and vitamin B12 deficiency. Their urine protein levels fluctuated between +~++ and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) were normal or slightly higher. Mild mesangial hypercellularity was found in three children's renal biopsies. A homozygous splice‐site variant of CUBN (c.6821+3 (IVS44) A>G) was proven to result in the exon 44 skipping and premature translation termination by cDNA sequencing and immunohistochemistry. Compound heterozygous mutations were identified among the other three children, including another novel splice‐site variant (c.10764+1 (IVS66) G>A) causing the retention of first 4 nucleotides in intron 66 by minigene assay, two unreported missense mutations (c.4907G>A (p.R1636Q); c. 9095 A>G (p.Y3032C)), and two reported missense mutations in China (c.8938G>A (p.D2980N); c. 9287T>C (p.L3096P)), locating behind the vitamin B12‐binding domain, affecting CUB11, CUB16, CUB22, CUB23, and CUB27 domains, respectively.

Conclusion

These results demonstrate that above CUBN mutations may cause non‐progressive and isolated proteinuria, expanding the variant spectrum of CUBN and benefiting our understanding of proteinuria and renal function.
Aberrant splicing caused by a novel KMT2A variant in Wiedemann–Steiner syndrome
Authors: Niu Jianing , Teng Xiaoming , Zhang Junyu
Published: March 2024

Introduction

Wiedemann–Steiner syndrome (WSS) is a rare autosomal‐dominant disorder caused by KMT2A variants. The aim of this study was to characterize a novel KMT2A variant in a child with WSS and demonstrate integrated diagnostic approaches.

Methods

A 3‐year‐old female with developmental delay, distinctive facial features, and anal fistula underwent whole exome sequencing (WES). RNA analysis was performed to assess splicing effects caused by a novel variant.

Results

WES identified novel heterozygous KMT2A c.5664+6T>C variant initially classified as a variant of uncertain significance. RNA analysis provided evidence of aberrant splicing (exon 20 skipping), allowing reclassification to likely pathogenic. The patient exhibited typical WSS features along with a potential novel finding of anal fistula.

Conclusion

This report describes a novel non‐canonical splice site variant in KMT2A associated with WSS. RNA analysis was critical for variant reclassification. Detailed phenotypic evaluation revealed common and expanded WSS manifestations. This case highlights the importance of combining clinical assessment, DNA testing, and RNA functional assays for the diagnosis of rare genetic disorders.
Initiative embarks on new round of innovative MH solutions
Authors: Canady Valerie A.
Published: March 2024

A second round of emerging companies developing innovative mental health solutions and support for people with a mental illness was recently announced by a leading mental health nonprofit based in Napa Valley, California. The 10 selected start‐ups will each receive a $100,000 investment along with training and technical assistance.
Ground state solutions for the fractional impulsive differential system with ψ‐Caputo fractional derivative and ψ–Riemann–Liouville fractional integral
Authors: Li Dongping , Li Yankai , Feng Xiaozhou , Li Changtong , Wang Yuzhen , Gao Jie
Published: March 2024

This article examines a new family of (p,q)‐Laplacian type nonlinear fractional impulsive differential coupled equations involving both the
‐Caputo fractional derivative and
–Riemann–Liouville fractional integral. With the help of Nehari manifold in critical point theory and fractional calculus properties, we obtain the existence of at least one nontrivial ground state solution for the coupled system with some natural and easily verifiable superlinear conditions on the nonlinearity.
Energy decay rate of the wave–wave transmission system with Kelvin–Voigt damping
Authors: Zhang Hua‐Lei
Published: March 2024

In this paper, we study the energy decay rate of the wave–wave transmission system with Kelvin–Voigt damping on a rectangular domain. The damping is imposed on one of wave equations. By the separation of variables method and the frequency domain method, we show that the optimal energy decay rate of the system is
, which is independent of wave speeds.
Advances in Bio‐Optical Imaging Systems for Spatiotemporal Monitoring of Intestinal Bacteria
Authors: Pan Tongtong , Su Lihuang , Zhang Yiying , Xu Liang , Chen Yongping
Published: March 2024

Vast and complex intestinal communities are regulated and balanced through interactions with their host organisms, and disruption of gut microbial balance can cause a variety of diseases. Studying the mechanisms of pathogenic intestinal flora in the host and early detection of bacterial translocation and colonization can guide clinical diagnosis, provide targeted treatments, and improve patient prognosis. The use of in vivo imaging techniques to track microorganisms in the intestine, and study structural and functional changes of both cells and proteins, may clarify the governing equilibrium between the flora and host. Despite the recent rapid development of in vivo imaging of intestinal microecology, determining the ideal methodology for clinical use remains a challenge. Advances in optics, computer technology, and molecular biology promise to expand the horizons of research and development, thereby providing exciting opportunities to study the spatio‐temporal dynamics of gut microbiota and the origins of disease. Here, this study reviews the characteristics and problems associated with optical imaging techniques, including bioluminescence, conventional fluorescence, novel metabolic labeling methods, nanomaterials, intelligently activated imaging agents, and photoacoustic (PA) imaging. It hopes to provide a valuable theoretical basis for future bio‐intelligent imaging of intestinal bacteria.
Looking Forward and Celebrating High Honors
Authors: Atwood Stephen P.
Published: March 2024

The feeling of spring is in the air. I also know the seasons are changing because we are in the thick of preparations for Display Week 2024, including the Symposium program.
Rollable AMOLED Displays: Making Larger Displays More Portable
Authors: Shi Shiming , Luo Xiaofei , Zhu Wenxiu , Chu Shang Chieh , Wang Tao
Published: March 2024

Optical and mechanical performance enhancements bring rollable displays closer to product applications.
ID Asks/Asad Khan
Authors: Peruvemba Sri
Published: March 2024

Physicist, Athlete, CEO
Display Week 2024 Technical Symposium Highlights
Authors: Wilson Lori A.
Published: March 2024

Now in its 61st year, Display Week has the highest number of papers submitted for the technical symposium in its recent history. Attendees will be greeted with cutting‐edge presentations, technologies, and other signature features.
High‐resolution extracellular pH imaging of liver cancer with multiparametric MR using Deep Image Prior
Authors: Dong Siyuan , Shewarega Annabella , Chapiro Julius , Cai Zhuotong , Hyder Fahmeed , Coman Daniel , Duncan James S.
Published: March 2024

Noninvasive extracellular pH (pHe) mapping with Biosensor Imaging of Redundant Deviation in Shifts (BIRDS) using MR spectroscopic imaging (MRSI) has been demonstrated on 3T clinical MR scanners at 8
 mm3 spatial resolution and applied to study various liver cancer treatments. Although pHe imaging at higher resolution can be achieved by extending the acquisition time, a postprocessing method to increase the resolution is preferable, to minimize the duration spent by the subject in the MR scanner. In this work, we propose to improve the spatial resolution of pHe mapping with BIRDS by incorporating anatomical information in the form of multiparametric MRI and using an unsupervised deep‐learning technique, Deep Image Prior (DIP). Specifically, we used high‐resolution
,
, and diffusion‐weighted imaging (DWI) MR images of rabbits with VX2 liver tumors as inputs to a U‐Net architecture to provide anatomical information. U‐Net parameters were optimized to minimize the difference between the output super‐resolution image and the experimentally acquired low‐resolution pHe image using the mean‐absolute error. In this way, the super‐resolution pHe image would be consistent with both anatomical MR images and the low‐resolution pHe measurement from the scanner. The method was developed based on data from 49 rabbits implanted with VX2 liver tumors. For evaluation, we also acquired high‐resolution pHe images from two rabbits, which were used as ground truth. The results indicate a good match between the spatial characteristics of the super‐resolution images and the high‐resolution ground truth, supported by the low pixelwise absolute error.
Teduglutide improves liver chemistries in short bowel syndrome–associated intestinal failure: Post hoc analysis
Authors: Micic Dejan , Robinson Ian , Kidd Tanya , Terreri Brian , Raphael Bram P.
Published: March 2024

Background

Chronic hepatic complications are common in patients with short bowel syndrome–associated intestinal failure (SBS‐IF). Teduglutide, a glucagon‐like peptide‐2 analogue, demonstrated efficacy in reducing parenteral nutrition and/or intravenous fluid dependence among patients with SBS‐IF in phase 3 clinical studies.

Methods

This was a post hoc analysis of pooled data from two separate randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled, multinational phase 3 clinical studies. Adult patients with SBS‐IF with parenteral nutrition and/or intravenous fluid dependence without liver disease at baseline were randomized to treatment with the glucagon‐like peptide‐2 analogue teduglutide (0.05 or 0.10 mg/kg/day) or placebo subcutaneously once daily for 24 weeks. Mixed‐effects models assessed the baseline predictors of change in liver chemistries.

Results

Between baseline and week 24, teduglutide treatment (n = 109) was associated with least squares mean reductions in aspartate aminotransferase (–7.51 IU/L; P = 0.014), alanine aminotransferase (–12.15 IU/L; P = 0.002), and bilirubin (–5.03 µmol/L [–0.057 mg/dl]; P < 0.001) compared with that of the placebo (n = 59). These values were independent of reductions in parenteral nutrition and/or intravenous fluid dependence.

Conclusion

Teduglutide treatment was associated with reductions in liver chemistries by week 24, which is beneficial for patients with SBS‐IF beyond improvements in parenteral nutrition and/or intravenous fluid dependence. Future studies should examine how long‐term teduglutide might mitigate the risk of liver disease in patients with SBS‐IF.
Assessment of the risk of contamination of enteral nutrition bottles based on the simulation of home use conditions and hygiene procedures
Authors: da Silva Isabela T. F. , Medeiros Caroline O. , Leobet Jaqueline , Beux Márcia R. , Rabito Estela I. , Etgeton Schaina A. P. , Fiori Lize S.
Published: March 2024

Background

Home‐prepared enteral formulations are supplied to patients through enteral nutrition bottles, via a gravity bag or other container, which may be inadequately sanitized and reused more times than recommended by the manufacturer. Such procedures increase the risk of contamination and can compromise the patient's clinical outcome. In light of this, the present study aimed to assess the risk of contamination of enteral nutrition bottles by simulating home use conditions and hygiene procedures.

Methods

A simulation of bottle usage was conducted across the three categories of enteral nutrition (homemade enteral preparations, blended enteral preparations, and commercial enteral formulas) for 3 days, using three hygiene procedures reported by caregivers: use of detergent (DET); use of detergent and boiling water (DET+BW); and use of detergent and bleach (DET+BL). The microbiological contamination was determined by the analysis of aerobic mesophilic microorganisms.

Results

The bottles that were used for 3 days, regardless of the enteral nutrition category, were within the acceptable limit for aerobic mesophilic microorganisms (between <4 and 8.0 colony‐forming units [CFU]/cm2) when sanitized using the DET+BW and DET+BL procedures. The enteral nutrition bottles, when cleaned using the DET procedure during the 3 days of usage, showed low microbial contamination (between <4 and 3.0 CFU/cm2) in blended preparation and commercial formula only.

Conclusion

Thus, regardless of the enteral nutrition category, we found that the bottles can be used for 3 days, as long as the DET+BW or DET+BL hygiene procedure is applied and safe food handling measures are adopted.
The challenges of nursing care for patients with lumbar discectomy: A qualitative study
Authors: Haghighat Sahar , Yazdi Khadijeh , Mahmoodi‐Shan Gholam Reza , Sabzi Zahra
Published: March 2024

Aim

Patients with lumbar disc surgery experience many different problems during their hospital stay. Nurses also face different challenges in providing care to them. Nonetheless, no study has yet specifically addressed these challenges to the best of our knowledge. This study aimed at exploring the challenges of nursing care for patients with lumbar discectomy.

Design

This qualitative study was conducted in 2022 using content analysis.

Methods

Eight nurses, three patients with lumbar discectomy, and one physician were purposively selected from the neurosurgery wards of the hospitals affiliated to Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran. Semi‐structured interviews were conducted for data analysis and the content analysis method recommended by Elo and Kyngas was used for data analysis. The main phases of this method are open coding, grouping, categorization, and abstraction. The MAXQDA 10 software was employed to facilitate data management. Data collection continued to reach data saturation.

Results

The challenges of nursing care for patients with lumbar discectomy were categorized into eleven subcategories and three main categories, namely dominant routine‐based practice in the healthcare system, futile attempt for team‐based care, and shortages as a major barrier to quality care. There are different personal, professional, financial, structural, and organizational challenges in nursing care for patients with lumbar discectomy which can negatively affect postoperative patient recovery.
Health information sources and health‐seeking behaviours of Filipinos living in medically underserved communities: Empirical quantitative research
Authors: Kawi Jennifer , Fudolig Miguel , Serafica Reimund , Reyes Andrew T. , Sy Francisco , Leyva Erwin William A. , Evangelista Lorraine S.
Published: March 2024

Aims

To describe sources of health information and health‐seeking behaviours of adults (aged ≥18) living in medically underserved communities in the Philippines.

Design

This is a secondary, quantitative analysis from a cross‐sectional parent study. Participants completed a 10‐item, self‐report survey on their sources of health information, healthcare providers sought for health and wellness and health‐seeking behaviours when ill. Responses were evaluated across two age groups (<60 vs. ≥60 years) and genders using generalized linear mixed models.

Results

Surveys were completed by 1202 participants in rural settings (64.6% female, mean age 49.5 ± 17.6). Friends and/or family were their key source of health information (59.6%), followed by traditional media (37%) and healthcare professionals (12.2%). For health promotion, participants went to healthcare professionals (60.9%), informal healthcare providers (17.2%) or others (7.2%). When ill, they visited a healthcare professional 69.1% of the time, self‐medicated (43.9%), prayed (39.5%) or sought treatment from a rural health clinic (31.5%). We also found differences in health‐seeking behaviours based on age and gender.

Conclusions

Our findings highlight the need to organize programs that explicitly deliver accurate health information and adequate care for wellness and illness. Study findings emphasize the importance of integrating family, friends, media and healthcare professionals, including public health nurses, to deliver evidence‐based health information, health promotion and sufficient treatment to medically underserved Filipinos.

Implications

New knowledge provides valuable information to healthcare providers, including public health nurses, in addressing health disparities among medically underserved Filipinos.

Impact

This study addresses the current knowledge gap in a medically vulnerable population. Healthcare professionals are not the primary sources of health information. Approximately one‐third of participants do not seek them for health promotion or treatment even when ill, exacerbating health inequities. More work is necessary to support initiatives in low‐ and middle‐income countries such as the Philippines to reduce health disparities.

Reporting Method

We adhered to the reporting guidelines of STrengthening the Reporting of OBservational studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) for cross‐sectional studies.

Patient or Public Contribution

There was no patient or public contribution as our study design and methodology do not make this necessary.
A new optimal error analysis of a mixed finite element method for advection–diffusion–reaction Brinkman flow
Authors: Gao Huadong , Xie Wen
Published: March 2024

This article deals with the error analysis of a Galerkin‐mixed finite element methods for the advection–reaction–diffusion Brinkman flow in porous media. Numerical methods for incompressible miscible flow in porous media have been studied extensively in the last several decades. In practical applications, the lowest‐order Galerkin‐mixed method is the most popular one, where the linear Lagrange element is used for the concentration and the lowest‐order Raviart–Thomas element, the lowest‐order Nédélec edge element and piece‐wise constant discontinuous Galerkin element are used for the velocity, vorticity and pressure, respectively. The existing error estimate of this lowest‐order finite element method is only for all variables in spatial direction, which is not optimal for the concentration variable. This paper focuses on a new and optimal error estimate of a linearized backward Euler Galerkin‐mixed FEMs, where the second‐order accuracy for the concentration in spatial directions is established unconditionally. The key to our optimal error analysis is a new negative norm estimate for Nédélec edge element. Moreover, based on the computed numerical concentration, we propose a simple one‐step recovery technique to obtain a new numerical velocity, vorticity and pressure with second‐order accuracy. Numerical experiments are provided to confirm our theoretical analysis.
Cranial selection in the cremated remains of the Iron Age Golasecca Celtic Civilization (Northwestern Italy, 9‐4th century BCE)
Authors: Larentis Omar , Gorini Ilaria , Locatelli Daniela Patrizia
Published: March 2024

The Golasecca Celtic Civilization (GCC) developed in the Italian Iron Age, between the 9th and 4th centuries BCE, and is characterized by the predominant use of cremation as a funerary ritual in the Italian area. Reconstructing the steps of the cremation ritual in archaeology is a complex challenge, as many anthropic actions leave only faint traces in cremated remains. Within the funerary rituals of prehistoric and protohistoric Italy, the skull has received particular attention from numerous archaeological cultures and civilizations. The context of via Marconi 2020 (Sesto Calende, Varese, northern Italy) has allowed hinting at this practice also in GCC, through the anthropological analysis of cremated remains found in two different but spatially close tombs. The analysis of the cremated remains identified the selection of some elements of the skull of an adult individual and the post‐cranium of a non‐adult individual in the first tomb, and the presence of only the skull of the non‐adult individual in the second tomb. The possibility of a ritual attention of the GCC reserved for the skull has been proven for the first time thanks to the analysis of these subjects. This work provides new data on funerary ritual behaviors of the GCC, allowing for a better understanding within the Italian and European panorama.
Long‐term Quality of Life After Thyroidectomy: Transoral Endoscopic Thyroidectomy Vestibular Approach Versus Transcervical Approach
Authors: Nagururu Nimesh V. , Seo Stefanie , Ding Andy S. , Grogan Raymon , Wolfe Samantha A. , Harbison Richard Alex , Tufano Ralph P. , Russell Jonathon O.
Published: March 2024

Objective

To compare long‐term health‐related quality of life (HRQOL) after Transoral Endoscopic Thyroidectomy Vestibular Approach (TOETVA) and transcervical approach (TCA) thyroidectomy.

Study Design

Prospective cohort study.

Setting

Tertiary referral center.

Methods

A web‐based survey was distributed to patients at our institution who met the criteria for TOETVA and underwent thyroidectomy by TOETVA or TCA between August 2017 and October 2021. All survey participants were at least 6 months postsurgery. Minors, non‐English speakers, and patients who received concomitant neck dissection or reoperative thyroidectomy were excluded from the study. The survey assessed quality of life through 4 standardized instruments: the Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI), the Eating Assessment Tool (EAT‐10), the Voice Handicap Index (VHI‐10), and the Short Form Health Survey (SF‐36).

Results

A total of 108 TOETVA and 129 TCA patients were included in the study. The median age of respondents was 44 (36, 54; 25th, 75th percentile) years and median time from surgery to survey was 35 (22, 45; 25th, 75th percentile) months. TOETVA group DLQI (0.63 vs 0.99; P = .17), VHI‐10 (1.94 vs 1.67; P = .35), EAT‐10 (2.14 vs 2.32; P = .29), SF‐36 physical component (52.25 vs 51.00; P = .25), and SF‐36 mental component (47.74 vs 47.29; P = .87) scores were all similar to those of the TCA group. Scrutinizing specific DLQI questions, individuals in the TOETVA group were less self‐conscious of their skin as compared to the TCA group (Q2; 0.08 vs 0.26, P = .03).

Conclusion

Long‐term HRQOL after TOETVA is similar to TCA, with significantly lower skin‐related self‐consciousness.
Biologic Therapy in Pediatric Chronic Rhinosinusitis: A Systematic Review
Authors: Rahavi‐Ezabadi Sara , Zhou Sheng , Lee Stella E. , Ference Elisabeth , Magit Anthony , Leuin Shelby , Mohamed Kawthar , Rezaei Nima , Patel Vijay A.
Published: March 2024

Objective

Provide clinicians with current evidence for biologic therapy in children with chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyposis (CRSwNP).

Data Sources

PubMed, MEDLINE, Cochrane, and clinical trial registries.

Review Methods

Key search terms related to biologic therapy in pediatric CRSwNP were identified via a structured query of current medical literature and clinical trial databases.

Conclusions

There is a dearth of active clinical trials and research studies for biologics targeting pediatric CRSwNP. There is an ongoing compassionate‐use clinical trial involving Dupilumab for children with nasal polyps as well as only 1 published work specifically focused on Dupilumab for pediatric CRSwNP in the setting of aspirin‐exacerbated respiratory disease.

Implications for Practice

For children with atopic dermatitis, asthma, and chronic idiopathic urticaria, biologic therapies such as Omalizumab, Dupilumab, and Mepolizumab have gained Food and Drug Administration approval. The role of biologic therapy in pediatric CRSwNP demonstrates significant promise in the comprehensive management of the unified airway. Additional Phase III trials are necessary to broaden clinical indications for children with comorbid conditions and complex sinonasal disease.
Operators Need to Know Nuisance Macroorganisms in Water
Authors: Adams Hunter , Nayak Bina , Van Lieverloo Hein , Rochelle Paul A. , Kimpo Angela , Ash Steve , Southard Mark
Published: March 2024

Understanding how to control macroorganisms in source water and during treatment can help operators suppress their proliferation in the distribution system and prevent customer complaints.
Medical Research Improves Water Taste and Odor Testing
Authors: Burlingame Gary A.
Published: March 2024

Water scientists looked to medical experts to delve into the human sensory system, reinforcing the need for water laboratory staff to be sensitive to any odors present in their systems.
Stabilized superhydrophobic composite membranes prepared by electrospinning for oil–water separation
Authors: Wang Xiaohui , Li Xinmei
Published: March 2024

In dealing with the oil–water separation process, improving the oil–water selectivity of the membrane surface and increasing the porosity within the membrane are effective means to achieve durable and efficient oil–water separation. Therefore, polystyrene/polyacrylonitrile‐polyvinylidene fluoride/Polydimethylsiloxane Fe3O4 nanoparticles (PS/PAN‐PVDF/PDMS@Fe3O4) composite membranes with superhydrophobicity and lipophilicity were prepared by electrospinning technique. By controlling the filling concentration of Fe3O4 nanoparticles, a stable superhydrophobic and lipophilic rough structure was constructed, and micro–nano multilayer rough voids existed inside the membrane. The results showed that the composite fiber membrane exhibited exceptional superhydrophobicity (156.2°), thermal stability (338°C), mechanical properties (tensile strength of 3.0 MPa, elongation of 33.9%), and oil adsorption capacity (30–100 g/g). Moreover, even under corrosive environments, this composite fiber membrane maintained its superhydrophobic properties (above 152°) and achieved high oil–water separation efficiency (above 97%). Remarkably, after 40 cycles, the composite membrane could sustain a separation flux of 5000 L m−2 h−1. Consequently, the composite fiber membrane manufactured using this strategy exhibits promising potential for applications in oil–water separation.
Functionalized single‐walled carbon nanotubes electrochemical aptasensor for human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) breast cancer detection
Authors: Alshammari Ghedeir M. , Al‐Ayed Mohammed S. , Abdelhalim Mohamed Anwar , Al‐Harbi Laila Naif , Qasem Akram A. , Yahya Mohammed Abdo
Published: March 2024

In this study, we present a novel functionalized single‐walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) electrochemical aptasensor designed for the detection of HER2 breast cancer. The well‐organized SWCNTs were attained through a concentration‐based and single‐step ultrasonication‐directed assembly methodology, resulting in a well‐dispersed state and a thin, even coating on the transducer substrate. Well‐organized SWCNTs were systematically analyzed through X‐ray diffraction spectroscopy (XRD), Fourier transforms infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), transmission electron microscopy and elemental mapping (TEM‐mapping) and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) confirmed the superior quality and organization of the SWCNTs. Furthermore, the electrochemical sensor exhibited outstanding performance, showcasing the potential of the SWCNTs as an ideal material for such applications, including their anticancer activity against human breast cancer cells. The single‐step ultrasonication‐directed assembly approach not only enhances the electrochemical properties of SWCNT but holds promise as a potentially as versatile substrate for immobilizing enzymes, antibodies, and DNA. This versatility opens up opportunities for the creation of highly functional biosensors with broad medical applications. Overall, our findings highlight the scientific significance of SWCNTs in advancing electrochemical sensing technologies and their potential in combating breast cancer.
Molecularly imprinted orthophenylenediamine with Ti3C2TxMXene‐based biosensor for sensitive detection of bilirubin
Authors: Manoj  , Ghrera Aditya Sharma
Published: March 2024

In this study, bilirubin (BR) is detected by using a novel molecularly imprinted electrochemical sensor based on a Ti3C2TxMXene‐modified ITO electrode. First, Ti3C2TxMXene is synthesized by chemical etching and deposited at the ITO electrode surface by drop casting. After that, ortho‐phenylenediamine (o‐PD) as monomer is electropolymerized in the presence of a sodium acetate buffer solution containing the BR template to prepare BR‐imprinted electrode. Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), x‐ray diffraction and UV–visible absorption spectroscopy confirms the MXene synthesis. The molecular imprinted polymer (MIP) formation at the electrode is confirmed by electrochemical methods such as differential pulse voltammetry, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, and cyclic voltammetry, and FESEM. The linearity range, limit of detection and the limit of quantification are calculated as 0.1 mg/dL to 20 mg/dL, 0.002 mg/dL, and 6.6 mg/dL respectively. Stability and reproducibility are also reported for the prepared MIP sensor.
Improving barrier properties of polyethylene/Fe2O3‐modified nanographene nanocomposites in a magnetic field
Authors: Nasseryan Saeed , Ghasemi Ismail , Abbassi‐Sourki Foroud
Published: March 2024

The present work aims at improving the barrier properties of high molecular weight Polyethylene/ graphene nanoplatelets (HMWPE/GnP) nanocomposites by aligning the embedded modified graphene nanoparticles in a magnetic field. Graphene nanoplatelets (GnP) were modified by magnetic Fe2O3 to produce Fe2O3‐modified Graphene, GnP‐mFe2O3. The magnetic properties of Fe2O3 were previously characterized by the vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) method and resulting GnP‐mFe2O3 nanoparticles were characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analysis. HMWPE/GnP nanocomposites were prepared via melt mixing. The prepared nanocomposites were sheeted at high temperatures in a magnetic field using a hot press. The barrier properties of prepared films, HMWPE/GnP and HMWPE/GnP‐mFe2O3 were characterized by carrying out a permeation to oxygen experiment as a function of GnP and GnP‐mFe2O3 contents. A decrease in gas transmission rate (GTR) was observed for the samples after being subjected to the magnetic field compared to the non‐treated sample. The results of differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and field emission electron microscopy (FESEM) experiments confirmed the orientation of GnP‐mFe2O3 nanoparticles in nanocomposites.
Effects of the Mental Health Supporter Training Program on mental health‐related public stigma among Japanese people: A pretest/posttest study
Authors: Iida Mako , Sawada Utako , Usuda Kentaro , Hazumi Megumi , Okazaki Emi , Ogura Kanako , Kataoka Mayumi , Sasaki Natsu , Ojio Yasutaka , Matsunaga Asami , Umemoto Ikue , Makino Miyuki , Nakashita Ayako , Kamikawa Chiaki , Kuroda Naoaki , Kuga Hironori , Fujii Chiyo , Nishi Daisuke
Published: March 2024

Aim

The Mental Health Supporter Training Program is a national project conducted in Japan. This study aimed to determine the effects on mental health‐related stigma, mental health literacy, and knowledge about mental health difficulties and support techniques among program participants.

Methods

The target population was local residents of a wide range of generations in Japan. Outcomes were assessed at baseline (T1), immediately postintervention (T2), and at the 6‐month follow‐up (T3). A mixed model for repeated‐measures conditional growth model analyses were employed to examine the effects of the intervention over time (T1, T2, T3). We also calculated effect sizes using Cohen's d.

Results

The program had a significantly favorable pooled effect on the Japanese version of the Reported and Intended Behaviour Scale score after adjusting for covariates (reported behavior [t = 3.20, p = 0.001]; intended behavior [t = 8.04, p < 0.001]). However, when compared at each time point, only intended behavior from T1 to T2 showed a significant difference (t = 8.37, p < 0.001). Significant pooled effects were found for mental health literacy (knowledge: t = 19.85, p < 0.001; attitude: t = 15.02, p < 0.001), knowledge of mental health (t = 28.04, p < 0.001), and psychological distress (t = −2.41, p = 0.016).

Conclusion

The results suggest that the program might be effective for improving intended, but not reported, behavior in the short term and for improving mental health literacy, knowledge of mental health, and psychological distress.
Prenatal detection rates for congenital heart disease using abnormal obstetrical screening ultrasound alone as indication for fetal echocardiography
Authors: Vepa Sanjay , Alavi Mubarika , Wu Weilu , Schmittdiel Julie , Herrinton Lisa J. , Desai Kavin
Published: March 2024

Objective

To determine the live born prenatal detection rate of significant congenital heart disease (CHD) in a large, integrated, multi‐center community‐based health system using a strategy of referral only of patients with significant cardiac abnormalities on obstetrical screening ultrasound for fetal echocardiography. Detection rates were assessed for screening in both radiology and maternal fetal medicine (MFM). The impact on fetal echocardiography utilization was also assessed.

Methods

This was a retrospective cohort study using an electronic health record, outside claims databases and chart review to determine all live births between 2016 and 2020 with postnatally confirmed sCHD that were prenatally detectable and resulted in cardiac surgery, intervention, or death within 1 year.

Results

There were 214,486 pregnancies resulting in live births. Prenatally detectable significant CHD was confirmed in 294 infants. Of those 183 were detected for an overall live‐born detection rate of 62%. Detection rates in MFM were 75% and in radiology were 52%. The number of fetal echocardiograms needed to detect (NND) sCHD was 7.

Conclusions

A focus on quality and standardization of obstetrical screening ultrasound with referral to fetal echocardiography for cardiac abnormalities alone achieves benchmark targets for live‐born detection of significant CHD requiring fewer fetal echocardiograms.
A novel digital lifecycle for Material‐Process‐Microstructure‐Performance relationships of thermoplastic olefins foams manufactured via supercritical fluid assisted foam injection molding
Authors: Pradeep Sai Aditya , Deshpande Amit M. , Lavertu Pierre‐Yves , Zheng Ting , Yerra Veera Aditya , Shimabukuro Yiro , Li Gang , Pilla Srikanth
Published: March 2024

This research significantly enhances the applicability of thermoplastic olefins (TPOs) in the automotive industry using supercritical N2 as a physical foaming agent, effectively addressing the limitations of traditional chemical agents. It merges experimental results with simulations to establish detailed material‐process‐microstructure‐performance (MP2) relationships, targeting 5–20% weight reductions. This innovative approach labeled digital lifecycle (DLC) helps accurately predict tensile, flexural, and impact properties based on the foam microstructure, along with experimentally demonstrating improved paintability. The study combines process simulations with finite element models to develop a comprehensive digital model for accurately predicting mechanical properties. Our findings demonstrate a strong correlation between simulated and experimental data, with about a 5% error across various weight reduction targets, marking significant improvements over existing analytical models. This research highlights the efficacy of physical foaming agents in TPO enhancement and emphasizes the importance of integrating experimental and simulation methods to capture the underlying foaming mechanism to establish material‐process‐microstructure‐performance (MP2) relationships.

Highlights

Establishes a material‐process‐microstructure‐performance (MP2) for TPO foams

Sustainably produces TPO foams using supercritical (ScF) N2 with 20% lightweighting

Shows enhanced paintability for TPO foam improved surface aesthetics

Digital lifecycle (DLC) that predicts both foam microstructure and properties

DLC maps process effects & microstructure onto FEA mesh for precise prediction
The impact‐induced deformation characteristics of polycarbonate panels
Authors: Mullaoglu Fehmi , Usta Fatih , Turkmen Halit Suleyman
Published: March 2024

In this study, the investigation of damage caused by a spherical steel projectile on the polycarbonate (PC) panels has been undertaken both numerically and experimentally. The material properties are obtained from both static and dynamic tests. High‐velocity impact experiments are performed using a pressure‐based projectile launching system. The effect of panel curvatures and impact locations on the deformation are investigated experimentally. The impact locations are selected as both at the plate center and near the edge of the plate. A validation study is performed by analyzing the impact response of a PC plate as previously presented in the literature and subsequently comparing it with the results obtained. An analysis of the impact behavior of PC panels is carried out through numerical simulations using finite element program (LS‐DYNA). The effect of boundary conditions on the impact response is also investigated numerically. Plastic strains, von Mises stresses, dent depth, and energy absorption are obtained. It is indicated by the results that the deformation behavior of PC panels exhibits a strain rate dependence. Additionally, the deformation behavior is influenced by panel curvatures and boundary conditions, emphasizing the necessity to consider these factors in the design of structures, such as canopies made of PC panels.

Highlights

Provides a comprehensive understanding of polycarbonate behavior.

Emphasizes the influence of impact locations and panel curvatures.

Dent depth and stress rise with panel curvature, crucial for design considerations.

Emphasizes the significance of strain rate and boundary condition in design.
The experiences of menstruation in schools in high income countries: A systematic review and line‐of‐argument synthesis
Authors: Thomas Ciara , Melendez‐Torres G. J.
Published: March 2024

Menstruation is a global public health issue with negative discourses of shame, embarrassment, and disgust. There is growing anecdotal evidence linking negative menstruation experiences at school to absenteeism. This systematic review and line‐of‐argument synthesis aims to develop a conceptual understanding of menstruation experiences in schools in high‐income countries. MEDLINE (Ovid), PsycINFO (Ovid), EMBASE (Ovid), HMIC (Ovid), and ERIC databases were searched. NVivo was used for thematic synthesis and reciprocal translation to generate third‐order constructs: overarching themes that interpretatively describe social processes around menstruation in schools. One thousand three hundred and thirty‐three studies were screened, with 19 meeting inclusion criteria. Six third‐order constructs were identified and integrated into a synthesized line‐of‐argument illustrating menstrual injustice at school. To ensure menstruating students do not face academic disadvantage because of schools’ failure to accommodate menstrual needs, schools should challenge stigma, provide facilities to improve students’ capability and confidence to manage menstruation, and provide academic support to menstruating students who miss classes. Future research should explore experiences of period poverty in HIC schools, examining the influence of gender identity, disability, race, and class on menstruation experiences.
Artificial neural network prediction of particle size of agglomerated polybutadiene latex
Authors: Zhao Li , Lu Shulai , Chen Ming , Wang Yuchao , Zhao Shicheng
Published: March 2024

Polymer agglomeration is a useful way to enlarge the particle size of polybutadiene latex (PBL). However, the agglomeration process is very complex and is affected by many factors. Therefore, it is difficult to predict the mean particle size and distribution of agglomerated PBL. This study proposed a novel simulation method based on the artificial neural network (ANN) model. Firstly, the influence of agglomeration conditions on the particle size of agglomerated PBL were investigated, including the particle size of pre‐agglomerate PBL, the amount, the α‐methacrylic acid (α‐MAA) content, the solid content and the particle size of agglomerating agent. It is found that these factors have a close nonlinear relationship with the mean particle size and polydispersion index (PDI) of agglomerated PBL. Then, a model containing 236 data points was built using ANN including these properties as input with mean particle size and PDI of agglomerated PBL as output. The coefficient of determination (R2) values predicted by ANN for training, validation, test and total data are 0.9879, 0.9964, 0.9930, and 0.9902, respectively. It indicates that there is a good agreement between experimental data and predicted results by ANN. This study demonstrates that a simple machine learning method has good performance in predicting the particle size of agglomerated PBL, which further improves the development efficiency of PBL polymer agglomeration.