bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Modeling Economy of Information Security of Business Entity Based on Simplex-Method
Authors: Sizov V. A. , Drozhkin A. A.
Published: February 2021

In the field of information security it is always necessary to support a required level of protection, which can cause serious financial costs. The more information you should protect, the more money you should spend on it. The expert on information security shall both develop methods aimed at improvement of information system condition and save funds. To resolve these tasks different mathematic models can be used, such as methods of linear programming. Linear programming is a mathematic subject dealing with theory and methods of resolving extreme tasks on sets of n-dimensional space given by systems of linear equations and inequalities. These mathematic models should be used after assessing a possible damage after information leakage. In the article the authors study the task of company cost optimization. In the majority of cases total costs can be written as a linear equation. At the same time there are some restrictions on a certain root of equation. Simplex-method provides an opportunity to find the solution without using considerable technical capacities of computing.
Risk Factors of the High-Risk Pregnancy and Association with Particulate Matter
Authors: You Soo-In , Kim Ju Hee , Shin Hye Sook , Kang Dae Ryong
Published: February 2021

Purpose: High-risk pregnancy, resulting in major complications, such as abortion, gestational hypertension, and preterm labor, are on the rise, requiring intervention. Increased concentration of particulate matter that is 10 μg per cubic meter or less in diameter (PM10) due to increased air pollution and industrialization has recently been noted as a risk factor for health problems, and prior studies have reported that PM10 is related to abortion, gestational hypertension, and preterm labor.Methods: This study used data from the Korean medical panel between 2008 and 2016 to identify 879 women with normal pregnancies and 301 women diagnosed with high-risk pregnancies. The association between high-risk pregnancy and PM10 was analyzed using the annual average regional concentration during the same period by the Korea Environment Corporation.Results: At 35 years of age or older, the risk of abortion (p<0.001; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.43–2.71) and preterm labor increased (p<0.05; 95% CI, 0.33–0.90). Married pregnant women were at a high risk of preterm labor (p<0.05; 95% CI, 0.25–0.98), and the prevalence of gestational hypertension was high in the metropolitan area (p<0.05; 95% CI, 12.09–25.93). On comparing the average annual concentration of particulate matter according to the level of atmospheric ventilation of the Korea Environment Corporation using a cutoff of ≤50 μg/m3, the probability of preterm labor was 2.2 times higher in groups exposed to particulate matter concentration of ≥50 μg/m3 (p<0.01; 95% CI, 1.49–3.25).Conclusion: PM10 was related to preterm labor, and the risk of preterm labor was high if the average annual concentration of PM10 in the individual’s residential area exceeded 50 μg/m3.
Family Psychoeducation Increases the Role of Families in Caring for People with Mental Disorders
Authors: Dwi Jayanti Desak Made Ari , Lestari Ni Kadek Yuni
Published: February 2021

Family psychoeducation is a family therapy that combines clinical interventions to increase family understanding in order to improve the health of people with mental disorders. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of family psychoeducation on the role of the family caring for people with mental disorders. This study used a Quasi Experiment design: pre-test and post-test Control Group Design. The sample was taken by using purposive sampling. The sample was 20 people in the control group and 20 people in the treatment group. The analysis test used was the Wilcoxon sign test (intra-group) and the Mann Whitney (inter-group) test. The  intra-group analysis test in the pre and post-test for the control group obtained p value = 0.517 which means there is no difference, while the treatment group obtained p value = 0.004 which means there is a difference. Inter-group analysis test of the treatment group and the control group obtained p value = 0.008, which means that there is an effect of family psychoeducation on the role of families in caring for people with mental disorders. Family psychoeducation can be applied to families with mentally disorders people.
Advanced information technologies in management of type 2 diabetes mellitus: A network meta-analysis (Preprint)
Authors: Zhang Jia , Liu Xi , Wei Liling , Zeng Qiong , Lin Kun
Published: February 2021

BACKGROUND

Type 2 diabetes mellitus（T2DM）is one of the most common chronic disease worldwide, and the number of people with T2DM is expected to exceed 9% of the world’s population by 2035, which puts heavy pressure on patients and the health-care system. Recently, self-management of the diabetes had been making great progress with the development of the advance technology. There were many new self-management interventions, including computer-based deliver, telephone deliver and so on.

OBJECTIVE

The network meta‐analysis was designed to comprehensively evaluate the efficacy of self-management for T2DM in present study.

METHODS

Keywords “Type 2 diabetes mellitus” and “self-management intervention” were used as searching strategies through PubMed, Cochrane library, MEDLINE, and EMBASE databases (inception–May2, 2020). The search criteria were RCT studies and reported in English language. The primary outcome was the change in HbA1c from baseline. We perform the pairwise meta-analysis and Bayesian NMA to investigate the efficacy of self-management in patients with T2DM, applying Revman 5.3, Stata 14.0 software and GeMTC 0.14.3.

RESULTS

Thirty-five studies met the inclusion criteria and qualified for the ultimate meta-analysis. Our meta-analysis displayed three advance self-management for T2DM, including computer-based deliver, telephone deliver and telemonitoring deliver. All of these self-management measures had been proven to be more effective than placebo in blood glucose management, and computer-based deliver is most likely to become the most efficient way among them.

CONCLUSIONS

Compared with other self-management, the computer-based deliver was the most effective self-management for T2DM.
Physical environments of water containers and Aedes sp larvae in dengue endemic areas of Tanjungpinang Timur District
Authors: Daswito Rinaldi , Samosir Kholilah
Published: February 2021

Purpose: This study aimed to determine the relationship of the container environment's type and condition to the existence of Aedes sp larvae in Tanjungpinang Timur District. Methods: An observational study with a cross-sectional approach involved 401 houses with containers in Tanjungpinang Timur District, Tanjungpinang City. Data on the existence of larvae was performed using the single larvae method. Data on container type and container environmental conditions (water pH, water temperature, air temperature, air humidity) and larvae's presence were collected by observing and measuring. Results: 863 containers were observed, 138 of them (15.99%) were found larvae of Aedes sp, containers inside the house (65.57%), and not closed (88.53%). The types of containers were controllable sites (95.13%), disposable sites (3.36%), and under controllable sites (1.51%). The measurement of water pH (76.13%) and water temperature (82.73%) of the containers were categorized as good. Container temperature 98.38% showed results with a range of unfavorable conditions (<200C &> 300C) and air humidity of 99.07% with a range (<81.5% &> 89.5%). Type, location, condition of container closure, water pH, water temperature, and air temperature of containers were related to larvae in Tanjungpinang Timur District (p-value <0.05), while the variable humidity was not related to the existence of larvae. Conclusion: Physical environmental factors strongly support the reproduction of DHF vectors in the East Tanjungpinang District. It is necessary to increase public knowledge and routine home eradication of mosquito nests (PSN), especially controllable site containers widely used as water reservoirs.
Mudik during the Covid-19 pandemic, anxiety, and depression among students in Indonesia
Authors: Rahmadiana Metta , Wimbarti Supra , Paramastri Ira , Triratnawati Atik
Published: February 2021

Purpose: This study explores the occurrence and different levels of anxiety and depression among male and female students who perform or do not perform mudik (homecoming). Investigate the primary source of COVID-19 related information among students. Methods: Online questionnaires consisting of the self-report level of anxiety and depression were delivered to study participants after completing the online informed consent. Quantitative analysis was conducted using the IBM SPSS version 20.0.Results: From a total of 2018 study participants, n=936 were students. Depression (M=8.68; SD= 5.45) was higher among students who did not perform mudik. Meanwhile, the prevalence rate of depression (M=7.18; SD=4.99) was also higher among students who performed mudik. A significant difference [sig (2-tailed) = 0.017; p <0.05)] regarding the level of anxiety was reported higher among female students (M=7.80; SD=4.6) than male students (M=7.03; SD=4.7) and no significant difference [sig (2-tailed) = 0.173; p> 0.05] was reported for the level of depression between male and female students. Instagram was reported as the primary source of COVID-19 related information. Conclusion: This current study supports the notion regarding the occurrence of common mental disorders among students as an impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, regardless of whether homecoming was performed or not. Different levels of anxiety and depression were reported between the male and female student population.
Application of explosive metal cladding in the manufacture of new, advanced layered materials exemplified by titanium Ti6Al4V – aluminium AA2519 bonding
Authors: Gałka Aleksander
Published: February 2021

Explosive metal cladding technology has been extensively developed since the mid-20th century. It is an area with the largest use of explosives for civil purposes, apart from mining. The global production of these materials runs at tens of thousands of square metres annually. Explosive bonding enables the production of a wide range of intermetallic compositions where, in many cases, no alternative methods are available. As an example, layered products include clad plates made of light metals, e.g. titanium, aluminium, magnesium showing different melting points, densities and hardness. Each new material combination requires an adaptation of the technology used by selecting suitable bonding parameters and new modified explosives. Several variants of Ti6Al4V/AA2519 explosive alloy bonding technology were created. The clad plates were tested using destructive and non-destructive techniques to determine bond strength and integrity. The study aimed to create new materials with improved ballistic resistance for structures used in the aviation and space industry.
High energy materials (HEMs) – innovations with regard to the environment
Authors: Czajka Bogdan , Sałaciński Tomasz , Wachowski Leszek , Maranda Andrzej
Published: February 2021

The study presents the direction of research being undertaken into high-energy materials in respect of environmental sustainability and the increasing requirements of national and international legislation.
PENDAMPINGAN LEGALISASI AMAL USAHA MUHAMMADIYAH DI KOTA BATU
Authors: Haryanti Agustin Dwi , Afffan Muhamaad Wildan , Saputri Novitasari Agus
Published: February 2021

Muhammadiyah's Charitable Business is one of the efforts built by the Association to achieve certain goals and objectives. Muhammadiyah's central leadership in charge of various Muhammadiyah business charities in various regions emphasized the legality of each AUM. In AUM found in Batu, there are still many AUMs that do not have legality. Therefore, in order to realize AUM which has legality, the servants take a variety of approaches starting from the presentation of the importance of legality and legality flow and ending with assistance in the process of ownership of legality in the form of SK establishment and NIB.
SOLIDARITY DURING COVID-19 PANDEMIC ( A CASE STUDY ON THE SOCIAL ACTION OF YOGYAKARTA FOOD SOLIDARITY AND THE INTERFAITH NETWORK FOR COVID-19 RESPONSE)
Authors: Haryadi Didid , Malitasari Devira Nur
Published: February 2021

Reality pandemic Covid-19 has a significant impact on the social, economic, political, and cultures around the world. Covid-19 which hit Indonesia has brought organic collective awareness from civilians through social movements. Initiatives from citizens to help one another are based on three things; the existence of a collective identity, a sense of injustice, and solidarity. This research focuses on two social movements initiated by ‘Solidaritas Pangan Jogja’ (SPJ) and ‘Jaringan Lintas Iman Tanggap Covid-19’ (JIC). The basic principles of mutual assistance, spontaneous collective awareness, and the same social needs form a pattern of solidarity and social movement in these two organizations. Therefore, this research focuses on the process of forming social awareness patterns that are manifested through collective behavior. This research uses a qualitative approach through case studies. Social solidarity and social movements are two concepts that are used as a basis for data analysis. There are two differences between the SPJ and JIC movement patterns. This research uses a qualitative approach through case studies. Social solidarity and social movements are two concepts that are used as a basis for data analysis. There are two differences between the SPJ and JIC movement patterns. The SPJ movement can be categorized as a conventional social movement with an orientation towards creating collective and cross-class social awareness. Whereas the JIC movement is a kind of new social movement which using the basics of the collectivity to understand norms and religious values. While the similarity of the two movements is always to prioritize the distribution of human values that are sustainable. The determining factor for the formation of a collective movement depends not only on the material resources available, but rather on the strength of ideas and cultural resources. That is about the articulation and collective construction of a new relationship (or redefinition) between the person as an individual and the person (as an ulama or cleric, citizen, and family). The SPJ movement carries the value of nativism while the JIC movement is a representation of the growth of new social movements that arise because of the spread of religious values in the social, cultural, economic, and political dimensions as citizens.Keywords: Pandemic Covid-19, Solidaritas Pangan Jogja (SPJ), Jaringan Lintas Iman           Tanggap Covid-19 (JIC), Social Capital, Social Movement
Instilling Akhlakul Karimah through Islamic Education Learning (PAI) (Phenomenological Study at Senior High School)
Authors: Sugianto Hendi , Djamaluddin Mawardi
Published: February 2021

This article discusses the guidance of akhlak karimah through PAI learning at Tunas Luhur Paiton Probolinggo High School. This article uses the Type of Field Research (Field Research) of the object of study by using reference sources on related topics. This article argues that the development of moral mercy through PAI learning in Tunas Luhur High School Paiton Probolinggo is a model of applying moral mercy which has implications for increasing students' submission to Allah SWT and improving the academic quality of students. This school is located in Paiton Probolinggo, which was established by PT. YTL East Java and PT. Java Power as a form of Community Development commitment. This school has many enthusiasts but is limited to a maximum of 20-30 students/classes. This school implements a Full Day School system in collaboration with the  Institute of Probolinggo Regency and the Malang Institute of Development. The Tartila Institute of Probolinggo Regency organizes Qur'an Learning in addition to organizing English education in the form of smart English (s.e) so that a program of increasing devotion to Allah SWT relating to Requiring students to perform Dhuha Prayers, Dhuhr Congregational Prayers and Asr in schools and carry out a serial telephone to wake up students at night with the aim that students perform Tahajjud prayers; program The school's academic quality improvement program organizes the Student Learning Development Program (BBS) which has 2 objectives: UNAS success and SNMPTN success and Scientific Writing (KTI) which must be completed by students before semester 2 of the last class (TA). This article discusses the general description of the daily morals of students at Tunas Luhur Paiton Probolinggo High School which is implemented through the efforts made by PAI teachers in fostering student morals through PAI learning. The success of this school is characterized by behavior when at home even without control from the teacher, students still carry out routine worship that is accustomed to being carried out for example prayer in congregation and from the teacher, students continue to carry out routine worship that is accustomed to being carried out so that silaturrahmi formed both among students.
Linking smallholder producers to high-value markets through vegetable producer cooperatives in Cambodia
Authors: Tray Bunthan , Garnevska Elena , Shadbolt Nicola
Published: February 2021

Modern retail markets have grown in Cambodia, but vegetable growers are unlikely to gain benefits from these high value markets (HVMs). Producer cooperatives (PCs) could play a critical role in linking smallholder farmers to HVMs. The purpose of this paper is: (1) to examine the role of PCs in linking vegetable producers to HVMs; and (2) analyse the factors affecting successful participation in HVMs. This study applied a mixed methods approach to PCs selling the members’ vegetables to HVMs (PC-HVMs), and PCs selling members’ vegetables to traditional markets (TMs) only (PC-TMs). Both groups of PCs provided services to their members (e.g. input, financial, extension services). However, the content and quality of these services were different. PC-TMs emphasised only on support linked to production, while PC-HVMs focused on both production and marketing support. This study indicated that vegetable farming experience, total vegetable produce, and average vegetable prices had a statistically significant influence on producers’ participation in HVMs. However, vegetable farm size showed a negatively significant effect on participation in HVMs. As one of the very few empirical studies on PCs in Cambodia the research provides valuable context for further studies. It has developed and tested a framework for analysing the factors affecting successful participation in HVMs and provides an explanation of why some PCs can successfully participate in HVMs.
Trade flow of manufacturing sector and foreign direct investment in ASEAN economic integration: the gravity model of trade
Authors: Wahyuningsih Diah
Published: February 2021

This study aims to determine the effects of ASEAN economic integration on the manufacturing sector's trade flow and foreign direct investment. This study using panel data regression. The results show that ASEAN economic integration affects trade in the manufacturing sector and foreign direct investment (FDI) in ASEAN member countries. The tariff elimination policy increased trade flows in the manufacturing sector and foreign direct investment. The variable of GDP has a positive and significant effect on the manufacturing sector's trade flows and foreign direct investment. Exchange rate variables have a negative and significant effect on trade flows in the manufacturing sector and foreign direct investment. Meanwhile, the distance variable negatively affects trade in the manufacturing sector, but it does not affect foreign direct investment.
Entrepreneurship intentions for students in Jambi Province, Indonesia (Study in response to the implementation of the freedom to learn, independent campus)
Authors: Amril Amril , Hardiani Hardiani
Published: February 2021

This study aims to: 1) analyze the characteristics of student entrepreneurial intentions in Jambi Province; 2) Analyze the factors that influence student entrepreneurial intentions in Jambi Province. The main data used are primary data collected from student respondents in Jambi Province. Apart from that, secondary data were also collected related to entrepreneurial aspects from related agencies. Descriptive statistical tools and single or cross-frequency tables were used to analyze respondents' characteristics and entrepreneurial intentions. To analyze the factors that influence student entrepreneurial intentions using the Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) model. The results of the study found that students' interest in entrepreneurship in Jambi Province was relatively high. It shows that there is a high potential for students to become young entrepreneurs in the future. Individual characteristics, attitudinal factors significantly influence this entrepreneurial interest, and contextual factors from students Skills should follow this high interest in entrepreneurship in entrepreneurship. Therefore, in collaboration with central and local governments, universities are advised to develop and improve students' entrepreneurship training.
Biosorption of lead ions by exopolysaccharide producing Azotobacter sp.
Authors:   Department of Environmental Sciences, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore- 641 003, India, Dhevagi P. , Priyatharshini S. ,   Department of Environmental Sciences, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore- 641 003, India, Ramya A. ,   Department of Environmental Sciences, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore- 641 003, India, Sudhakaran M. ,   Department of Environmental Sciences, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore- 641 003, India
Published: February 2021

Aim: Removal of lead from wastewater using Azotobacter species and optimisation of various parameters to maximise the adsorption of lead by response surface methodology as a tool. Methodology: The bacterial isolate UBI-7 recovered from sewage water irrigated soil was examined for its biosorption potential towards lead. The lead removal efficiency of Azotobacter salinestris was studied with respect to metal concentration (50-250 mg l-1), contact time (24-120 hrs), and pH (4-8).Using response surface methodology, these factors were optimized and R2 value obtained was 0.9710 for lead ions, which indicates the validity of the model. Observation with Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR), Scanning Electron Microscope imaging (SEM) and Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopic analysis (EDX) were carried out to confirm lead biosorption by Azotobacter salinestris. Results: The lead tolerant bacterium isolated from sewage water irrigated soil (UBI-7) was recognized as Azotobacter salinestris by 16S rRNA based gene sequence analysis. The highest removal percentage of Pb (61.54) was 50 mg l-1 in 72 hrs equilibration period. Interaction effect between different levels of Pb and different contact time of the solution were found to be significant. Lead biosorption by the organism was confirmed by the changes in stretching intensities of functional groups as well as appearance of strong OH stretching at 3291.69 cm-1. Images obtained from Scanning Electron Microscope and Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopic studies of the bacteria (UBI-7) before and after biosorption clearly indicated lead adsorption. Interpretation: Current study proves that the functional groups of Azotobacter salinestris are involved in lead biosorption from aqueous solution which was confirmed through FTIR.EDX analysis also elucidated the lead absorption by the bacterial cells. Hence, this could be effectively utilized for decontamination of lead from the polluted environment. Key words: Azotobacter salinestris, Biosorption, Lead, Response surface methodology
Incidence and severity of cotton leaf curl virus disease on different BG II hybrids and its effect on the yield and quality of cotton crop
Authors:   ICAR-Central Institute for Cotton Research, Regional Station, Sirsa-125 055, India, Monga D. , Sain S.K. ,   ICAR-Central Institute for Cotton Research, Regional Station, Sirsa-125 055, India
Published: February 2021

Aim: To understand the effect of Cotton Leaf Curl Disease incidence and severity at various crop growth stages on Bollgaurd-II cotton hybrids having different levels of susceptibility and resistance and its effect on, seed cotton yield and fibre quality. Methodology: The effect of cotton leaf curl disease (CLCuD) incidence, severity and its progress on highly resistant to susceptible cultivars was compared. The loss of seed cotton yield (SCY) corresponding to CLCuD incidence at 80 DAS, 81-110 DAS, 111-140 DAS was estimated separately in each hybrid. The loss of fibre quality corresponding to CLCuD incidence at seven different stages, i.e., 50 to 140 days after sowing (DAS) was also calculated. Results: The highest relative area under disease progress curve (AUDPC) values of PDI were observed in Ankur 3028 (100%) and Ankur Jai BG II (83%), while the lowest values were recorded in highly resistant hybrids Yuva-841-2 (4.6%) and Bunty 2113-2 (13.8%). When the disease appeared up to 80 DAS compared to 110, 140 DAS the reduction range in SCY (4.6-62.4%), fibre length (23.9-29.9%), strength (21.4-30.1%) and uniformity (62.5-83%) was recorded to be higher in susceptible hybrids. The fibre length, strength, and uniformity were reduced in diseased plant (25.9 mm, 24.4 g/tex, 68.2%) when incidence took place at 50 DAS compared to disease-free plants (27.6mm, 25.9 g/tex, 72.9%). However, reduction in SCY, fiber length, fiber strength and uniformity at 80 DAS varied with respect to hybrid and their resistance category. Interpretation: These results provide the basis to prove the hypothesis that the yield loss is associated with the stage of CLCuD incidence and its severity in cotton hybrids with different levels of resistance as well as its genetic potential of a particular cotton cultivar. However, the extent of yield reduction within the resistant or susceptible category is also dependent on the yield potential of a particular cultivar. Thus, breeders must consider both the criteria-lower PDI /AUDPC and higher productivity to select high yielding cotton lines. Key words: Cotton, Disease index, Leaf Curl Disease, Virus
Toxicity studies of sea anemone (Gyrostoma helianthus) crude extract and fractionated proteins on liver and kidney in rats
Authors:   Department of Biology, College of Science and Arts, University of Jeddah, Khulis, 21959, Saudi Arabia, Al-Shaikh Turki M.
Published: February 2021

Aim: To study the poisonous effects of crude extract and fractionated protein of sea anemone Gyrostoma helianthus on histological and biochemical parameters in male rats. Methodology: Live specimens of Gyrostoma helianthus were collected from Jeddah coast, fixed in ethanol, dried and powdered to obtain the crude residue extract. Some of the crude extract were ultra-filtered to produce protein fractions of 1 and 3KDa. The LD50 of crude extract powder was estimated for male rats and momentary repeated subacute dosing (1/4 LD50) for 7 days was carried out to obtain toxicity data. Histological examination of liver and kidney sections were carried out. Serum whole protein, total albumin, ALT and LDH were estimated by standard protocol. Results: The LD50 of crude extract was 20.32 mg kg-1 for male rats. In acute and subsequent sub-acute toxicity, neurological symptoms such as convulsions, paralysis, tremors, and ataxia were observed overdose exposure. At the end of exposure to subacute dose histopathological changes like hemolyzed blood and atrophy of glomerular tuft in kidney and fatty changes, vacuolation, necrosis, and infiltration in liver was noted. Furthermore, vital significant increase in total protein, ALT and LDH and reduced bilirubin in serum of treated groups was observed as compared to the control. Interpretation: The present study emphasizes the toxicological, behavioral, biochemical, and histological bioactivity of crude extract and protein fractions of 1 and 3 KDa of Gyrostoma helianthus sea anemone, which is commonly found in the Red Sea. The tested extracts were found to be active at a concentration 5.08 mg kg-1. The yielded effects may interpret treatment strategies of toxicological and pharmacologic intervention. Key words: Biochemistry, Gyrostoma helianthus, Histopathology, Toxicity
Phytoremediation potential of some abundantly growing indigenous herbs of crude oil contaminated sites
Authors:   Department of Botany, Gauhati University, Guwahati-781 014, India, Akram S. , Deka H. ,   Department of Botany, Gauhati University, Guwahati-781 014, India
Published: February 2021

Aim: To study the total oil and grease (TOGs) removal potential of three abundant herb species of crude oil contaminated sites, namely Xanthium strumarium (L.), Ageratum conyzoides (L.) and Polygonum hydropiper (L.) from oil contaminated soils. Methodology: The pot experiment was carried out by taking soil samples of crude oil contaminated agricultural field. For each experimental plant, three replicas were maintained and a similar control setup was maintained without plants for comparing the results. Another control set up was maintained in non-contaminated soils to compare the plant growth parameters. Total oil and grease (TOG) contents, physico-chemical profiles of contaminated soil, plant growth/productivity parameters and functional groups were analyzed following the standard methods. Results: The results showed that total oil and grease (TOG) contents decreased significantly after treatments by plants against the initial level and control. Plant height, number of leaves, chlorophyll contents and biomass were found to be lower in all the three plant species that were grown in contaminated soil as against the control treatment. The improved physico-chemical profiles of contaminated soil samples after treatment indicated the positive effect of plants in treated soil samples. FTIR data revealed difference in peak intensities and the presence of petroleum hydrocarbons in plants that were grown in oil-contaminated soils. Interpretation: The herb species Xanthium strumarium, Ageratum conyzoides and Polygonum hydropiper showed the potential for removal of hydrocarbons from crude oil contaminated soil. Key words: Crude oil, Hydrocarbons, Indigenous herbs, Phytoremediation
Melatonin postconditioning combined with sitagliptin exerts full cardioprotection in diabetic hearts of aged rats through an AMPK-dependent mechanism
Authors: Song Ronggang , Ren Jing , Sun Junxia , Li Ming
Published: February 2021

The presence of multiple comorbidities in patients facing myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury is the main obstacle for cardioprotection. This study investigated the effect of melatonin postconditioning combined with sitagliptin pretreatment on cardioprotection in diabetic aged rats by evaluating oxidative stress, apoptosis and involvement of the AMPK/SIRT1 pathway. The type-2 high-fat/streptozotocin experimental model in aged Sprague-Dawley rats (n=78) was used. The animals underwent left coronary occlusion for 30 min, followed by 3 h reperfusion. Diabetic rats were pretreated with sitagliptin (20 mg/kg, i.p.) and received melatonin (10 mg/kg, i.p.) early in reperfusion. Myocardial infarct size, histological changes, oxidative markers, mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mitoROS) and expression of proteins regulating apoptosis and AMPK/SIRT1 activity were measured. The infarct size-sparing effect of the combination of melatonin plus sitagliptin was greater than that observed in individual treatments (P<0.01). Combination therapy significantly reduced IRinduced elevation of 8-isoprostane, mitoROS and proapoptotic proteins Bax and cleaved caspase-3, and increased IR-induced downregulation of mitochondrial superoxide-dismutase, glutathione, anti-apoptotic protein Bcl2, phosphorylated AMPK and SIRT1 (P<0.01, P<0.001). Inhibition of AMPK via compound-C completely reversed combination-induced cardioprotection. Thus, improving cardiac antioxidative and antiapoptotic responses via upregulation of AMPK/SIRT1 activity may represent a central mechanism through which melatonin plus sitagliptin attenuate myocardial IR injury in diabetic-aged rats.
Novel three-dimensional methods to analyze the morphology of the nasal cavity and pharyngeal airway
Authors: Niu Xiaowen , Madhan Sivaranjani , Cornelis Marie A. , Cattaneo Paolo M.
Published: February 2021

Objectives

To assess the intraexaminer and interexaminer reliabilities of novel semiautomatic methods to segment the nasal cavity (NC) and pharyngeal airway (PA) and to determine the minimal cross-sectional area (CS) and hydraulic diameter (HD) of the PA.

Materials and Methods

To test reproducibility, two examiners analyzed the NC and PA independently in 10 retrospectively selected cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) images using semiautomatic segmentation. The PA centerline was determined to assess the minimal CS and HD. The intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) was used to calculate intraexaminer and interexaminer reliabilities. Measurement errors were assessed by Dahlberg's formula and paired t-tests. The level of agreement was assessed using the Bland-Altman method.

Results

Intraexaminer and interexaminer reliabilities were excellent (minimal ICC, 0.960). The error of the method was good except for interexaminer values for the oropharynx (P = .016). The minimal CS and HD measurements were reliable (minimal ICC, 0.993; narrow limits of agreement).

Conclusions

The novel methods for analysis of the NC and PA are reliable. The minimal CS and HD demonstrated excellent reliabilities, which are critical to detect the most constricted part of the PA. Separation of the oropharynx from the voids close to the retroglossal area is not trivial and should be considered with caution.
Deficits in the Skeletal Muscle Transcriptome and Mitochondrial Coupling in Progressive Diabetes-Induced CKD Relate to Functional Decline
Authors: Bittel Daniel C. , Bittel Adam J. , Varadhachary Arun S. , Pietka Terri , Sinacore David R.
Published: February 2021

Two-thirds of people with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) have or will develop chronic kidney disease (CKD), which is characterized by rapid renal decline that, together with superimposed T2DM-related metabolic sequelae, synergistically promotes early frailty and mobility deficits that increase the risk of mortality. Distinguishing the mechanisms linking renal decline to mobility deficits in CKD progression and/or increasing severity in T2DM is instrumental both in identifying those at high risk for functional decline and in formulating effective treatment strategies to prevent renal failure. While evidence suggests that skeletal muscle energetics may relate to the development of these comorbidities in advanced CKD, this has never been assessed across the spectrum of CKD progression, especially in T2DM-induced CKD. Here, using next-generation sequencing, we first report significant downregulation in transcriptional networks governing oxidative phosphorylation, coupled electron transport, electron transport chain (ETC) complex assembly, and mitochondrial organization in both middle- and late-stage CKD in T2DM. Furthermore, muscle mitochondrial coupling is impaired as early as stage 3 CKD, with additional deficits in ETC respiration, enzymatic activity, and increased redox leak. Moreover, mitochondrial ETC function and coupling strongly relate to muscle performance and physical function. Our results indicate that T2DM-induced CKD progression impairs physical function, with implications for altered metabolic transcriptional networks and mitochondrial functional deficits as primary mechanistic factors early in CKD progression in T2DM.
Liraglutide Increases the Catabolism of Apolipoprotein B100–Containing Lipoproteins in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes and Reduces Proprotein Convertase Subtilisin/Kexin Type 9 Expression
Authors: Vergès Bruno , Duvillard Laurence , Pais de Barros Jean Paul , Bouillet Benjamin , Baillot-Rudoni Sabine , Rouland Alexia , Petit Jean Michel , Degrace Pascal , Demizieux Laurent
Published: February 2021

OBJECTIVE

Dyslipidemia observed in type 2 diabetes (T2D) is atherogenic. Important features of diabetic dyslipidemia are increased levels of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins and small dense LDL particles, which all have apolipoprotein B100 (apoB100) as a major apolipoprotein. This prompted us to study the effect of the GLP-1 agonist liraglutide on the metabolism of apoB100-containing lipoproteins.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

We performed an in vivo kinetic study with stable isotopes (L-[1-13C]leucine) in 10 patients with T2D before and after 6 months of treatment with liraglutide (1.2 mg/day). We also evaluated in mice the effect of liraglutide on the expression of genes involved in apoB100-containing lipoprotein clearance.

RESULTS

In patients with T2D, liraglutide treatment significantly reduced plasma apoB100 (0.93 ± 0.13 vs. 1.09 ± 0.11 g/L, P = 0.011) and fasting triglycerides (1.76 ± 0.37 vs. 2.48 ± 0.69 mmol/L, P = 0.005). The kinetic study showed a significant increase in indirect catabolism of VLDL1-apoB100 (4.11 ± 1.91 vs. 2.96 ± 1.61 pools/day, P = 0.005), VLDL2-apoB100 (5.17 ± 2.53 vs. 2.84 ± 1.65 pools/day, P = 0.008), and IDL-apoB100 (5.27 ± 2.77 vs. 3.74 ± 1.85 pools/day, P = 0.017) and in catabolism of LDL-apoB100 (0.72 ± 0.22 vs. 0.56 ± 0.22 pools/day, P = 0.005). In mice, liraglutide increased lipoprotein lipase (LPL) gene expression and reduced proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9), retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) gene expression in adipose tissue and decreased PCSK9 mRNA and increased LDL receptor protein expression in liver. In vitro, liraglutide directly reduced the expression of PCSK9 in the liver.

CONCLUSIONS

Treatment with liraglutide induces a significant acceleration of the catabolism of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins (VLDL1, VLDL2, IDL) and LDL. Liraglutide modifies the expression of genes involved in apoB100-containing lipoprotein catabolism. These positive effects on lipoprotein metabolism may reduce cardiovascular risk in T2D.
Comparison of laser irradiation behavior of plasma-sprayed Ba2−XSrxSmTaO6 coatings
Authors: Zheng Jiayi , Ma Zhuang , Liu Yanbo , Gao Lihong , Rogachev Alexandr A.
Published: February 2021

With the rapid development of laser technology, the protection of production equipment and personnel is of great necessity. Thermal barrier laser protection material has the advantages of a high protection threshold and a low temperature increasing rate that attracts lots of concerns. Ba2–xSrxSmTaO6 (x = 0–2) was believed to have potential use as a thermal barrier laser protection material because of its low thermal conduction and good thermal stability. However, its laser damage mechanism is still unclear. Thus, in this paper, we investigated and compared the laser damage behaviors as well as the protective thresholds of Ba2–xSrxSmTaO6. During the laser irradiation, all five kinds of coatings underwent similar damage processes. The coatings underwent irradiation center turning bright, grain recrystallization, and melt. Ba2SmTaO6 (x = 0) showed the highest protective threshold of 2000 W/cm2 for 10 s, and x = 0.5 coatings showed the lowest protective threshold that was 1000 W/cm2 for 26 s. BaSrSmTaO6 (x = 1) presented the lowest value in back-surface temperature, and Ba2SmTaO6 was only slightly higher than it. In conclusion, because of the best laser protection performance of Ba2SmTaO6, it is believed to be the most potential laser protective material among the five components.
MÉTODOS DE NORMALIZAÇÃO, PONDERAÇÃO E AGREGAÇÃO NA FORMAÇÃO DE (SUB)ÍNDICE DE SUSTENTABILIDADE
Authors: Feil Alexandre André
Published: February 2021

The structuring of a sustainability index requires a transparent and reliable process, so that its results are the closest to reality and consistent. This study aimed at a critical analysis of the process of structural elaboration of the (sub) sustainability indexes, comparing its main disadvantages and advantages. The methodology used focuses on the qualitative through the technique of systematic literature review and snowballing. The keywords (composite indicators, index, sustainability, aggregation, normalization, advantages and disadvantages) have been inserted into the Google Scholar, Science Direct, Springer Link and Wiley Online Library search directories. The main results show that the techniques used in the process of standardization, weighting and aggregation of a set of data in a sustainability index present indifferent weaknesses and limitations. In addition, the multicriteria aggregation techniques cover qualitative, quantitative data and their uncertainties, but they do not eliminate the weaknesses and limitations of structuring the sustainability index. Thus, they tend to be more suitable, but do not guarantee that the index generated reflect the complexity of the reality of the system that has been reduced. The theoretical and practical contributions of this study are related to the choices of methods and techniques in structuring the (sub) sustainability index, since even with the choice of the most adequate ones in their elaboration, they do not eliminate their fragilities and limitations. The originality of the study is the combination of the main methods and techniques of elaborating a (sub) sustainability index in a single document, in the Portuguese language.
HISTORICAL HERITAGE AND SUSTAINABLE URBAN DEVELOPMENT: CHALLENGES IMPOSED ON OWNERS AND MANAGERS OF LISTED HISTORICAL BUILDINGS IN THE CITY OF SÃO PAULO
Authors: Freitas Fernanda Cardoso Romão , Almeida Fabiane Domingues de Magalhães de , Garcia Junior Alcides
Published: February 2021

The worldwide concern regarding sustainable urban development has been increasing as the populations of countries increase and demand more consumption of the already scarce natural resources. According to the United Nations, it is estimated that 55% of the world population lives in urban centers, with the perspective of surpassing 68% in 2050. In Brazil, 84% of the population today live in the cities. One of the goals of sustainable development is to make cities more sustainable and inclusive and, to accomplish such goal, many variables need to be accomplished, among which is the strengthening of efforts to protect and safeguard cities’ cultural heritage, for the present and future generations. Seeing as São Paulo is the 10th urban city in the world, and its historical heritage preservation policies are recent and in the process of being outlined, this research strives to answer: What are the main challenges identified by owners/managers of listed historical buildings in São Paulo, which stand in the way of conserving/preserving their properties? Results revealed that the main challenges are a lack of knowledge about what interventions can be done to the property, lack of knowledge on incentive laws and more feasible ways for the conservation of historical sites and dealing with excessive bureaucracy. Such results contribute to the implementation of urban development policies focused on the sustainable goal of safeguarding the city’s cultural heritage, in order to propitiate advancements in preserving the memory and identity of the city through the conservation of properties listed as historical heritage.
A obra Vigiar e Punir: nascimento da prisão e sua inferência para o Direito Penal e para a Sociedade
Authors: Nunes Analice Assuncao de Souza
Published: February 2021

Este trabalho discorre sobre a obra de Michel Foucault – Vigiar e punir: nascimento da prisão, fundamental para a compreensão dos sistemas vinculados ao poder disciplinar e das estruturas elaboradas para conformar os indivíduos, a fim de torna-los adequados à sociedade neoliberal, com seus corpos e almas domesticados. Explicitando os principais conceitos, Foucault desvela o desenvolvimento do sistema punitivo, carcerário e estruturante do Direito Penal. Para contextualizar a sociedade contemporânea, são abordados aspectos das obras de Bauman (2007), Guatarri (1985, 2001) e Boaventura de Sousa Santos (1999), dialogando com os conceitos da obra foucaultiana, apresentando como os mesmos mecanismos que induzem uma conformação dos corpos podem ser utilizados para contrapor ao poder disciplinador, em  movimentos de resistências, criando possibilidades de novas manifestações de ordem social e desvelamento das relações de poder.Palavras chaves: poder disciplinador, mecanismos regulatórios e disciplinadores, movimentos de resistência e emancipação.
Metacrylonitrile Obtaining by isobutylene, tert- and isobutyl alcohols oxidative amonolysis
Authors:   Lviv Polytechnic National University 12 Bandera str., 79013 Lviv, Ukraine, Zhyznevskiy Vyacheslav , Gumenetskiy Volodymyr ,   Lviv Polytechnic National University 12 Bandera str., 79013 Lviv, Ukraine
Published: February 2021

Metacrylonitrile obtained by oxidative amonolysis over different oxidative catalysts has been investigated. Instead of isobutylene an alternative raw material has been investigated for the metacrylonitrile synthesis.
The Influence of Some Interfacial Properties of PEO-b-PPO Copolymers on Dewatering of Water-in-Oil Asphaltene Model Emulsions
Authors:   Petrobras Research Center (CENPES), Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, Ramalho Joao Batista ,   Institute of Macromolecules, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, Ramos Natalie ,   Institute of Macromolecules, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, Lucas Elizabete ,   Institute of Macromolecules, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
Published: February 2021

Three different macromolecular structures of poly(ethylene oxide-b-propylene oxide) copolymers, used in formulations of commercial demulsifiers for breaking water-in-crude oil emulsions, were investigated. The interfacial activity (), the lower interfacial tension (m), the critical micelle concentration (CMC), the interfacial concentration (Γ) and the molecular area (A) adsorbed at the interface of the surfactant solutions were evaluated. These results were correlated to surfactant performance in coalescing three different asphaltene model emulsions. The PEO-b-PPO commercial demulsifiers, that were capable to dewater asphaltene model emulsions, exhibited interfacial activity to the oil-water interface, reduced the interfacial tension to low values, reached the CMC at low concentration and presented low molecular area adsorbed at the interface.
Possibility of Using Embolizing Preparation Derived from Poly(2-Hydroxyethyl Methacrylate) (Poly-HEMA) for Chemoemobolization
Authors:   N.N. Semenov Institute of Chemical Physics, RAS, 4 Kosygin st., Moscow 11999, Russia, Koverzanova Elena , Usachev Sergei ,   N.N. Semenov Institute of Chemical Physics, RAS, 4 Kosygin st., Moscow 11999, Russia, Gumargalieva Klara ,   N.N. Semenov Institute of Chemical Physics, RAS, 4 Kosygin st., Moscow 11999, Russia, Kokov Leonid ,   A.V. Vishnevsky Institute of Surgery, 27 Bol. Serpukhovskaya st., Moscow 115093, Russia
Published: February 2021

The principal opportunity of uptaking weakly crosslinked hydrogel emboli is shown by Doxorubicin at different temperatures. The optimal process time is 1.5–2.5 h. It is revealed that Doxorubicin is capable to diffuse from a polymeric matrix, having targeted medical effect on surrounding tissue and reducing side impacts on other organs.
Oxidative Processing of Light Oil Fractions. A Review
Authors:   Lviv Polytechnic National University, 12 St. Bandera str., 79013 Lviv, Ukraine, Pysh’yev Serhiy , Lazorko Olexander ,   Lviv Polytechnic National University, 12 St. Bandera str., 79013 Lviv, Ukraine, Bratychak Michael ,   Lviv Polytechnic National University, 12 St. Bandera str., 79013 Lviv, Ukraine
Published: February 2021

The review and analysis of oxidation processes necessary for quality improvement of oil fractions boiling to 623 K have been carried out. Different oxidative technologies for crude oil processing have been examined. Their advantages and disadvantages have been shown.