bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: Thermolysis of 3‐Azido‐N‐phenylthieno[2,3‐b]pyridine‐2‐carboxamides.
Authors: Kanishcheva E. A. , Vasilin V. K. , Stroganova T. A. , Krapivin G. D.
Published: May 2014

Thermal decomposition of the title azides (II) is accompanied by an intramolecular cyclization furnishing novel fused benzodiazepinone derivatives (III).
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric Synthesis of N‐Stereogenic Molecules: Diastereoselective Double Aza‐Michael Reaction.
Authors: Lauber Alex , Zelenay Benjamin , Cvengros Jan
Published: May 2014

A rare example of stereoselective synthesis of molecules possessing configurationally stable chirogenic nitrogen atoms is developed.
ChemInform Abstract: A Convenient Synthesis of Benzanellated Diazacycloalkanes by Reductive Cleavage of 1,2‐Polymethylenebenzimidazoles.
Authors: Shvidenko Tatyana , Nazarenko Kostiantyn , Shvidenko Konstantin , Kostyuk Aleksandr
Published: May 2014

It is demonstrated that reductive cleavage of the anellated benzimidazole derivatives (I) and (IV) with DIBAL‐H leads to ring‐enlarged products (II) and (V).
ChemInform Abstract: A trans‐Selective Hydroboration of Internal Alkynes.
Authors: Sundararaju Basker , Fuerstner Alois
Published: May 2014

The use of a cationic Ru‐complex as catalyst and pinacolborane as reagent allows the hydroboration of different functionalized alkynes including macrocyclic alkynes with high to excellent E‐selectivity.
ChemInform Abstract: Base Metal Catalysts for Photochemical C—H Borylation That Utilize Metal—Metal Cooperativity.
Authors: Mazzacano Thomas J. , Mankad Neal P.
Published: May 2014

A heterobimetallic Cu—Fe complex catalyzes C—H borylation, a transformation that usually requires noble metal catalysts.
ChemInform Abstract: Efficient Synthesis of Dibenzoxaborininols from Diaryl Ethers and Their Application to Dibenzofuran Synthesis.
Authors: Niu Liting , Yang Haijun , Jiang Yuyang , Fu Hua
Published: May 2014

The sequential three‐step process involves lithiation, borylation, and hydrolysis allowing the conversion of diaryl ethers into dibenzoxaborininols.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of β‐Hydroxy‐α‐haloesters Through Super Silyl Ester Directed syn‐Selective Aldol Reaction.
Authors: Oda Susumu , Yamamoto Hisashi
Published: May 2014

The title synthesis proceeds with high syn‐diastereoselectivity and realized installation of halogen atoms (Br, Cl, F) into the α‐position of carbonyl compounds.
ChemInform Abstract: A [2 + 2 + 2] Cyclization Strategy for the Synthesis of Phosphorus Embedding [6]Helicene‐Like Structures.
Authors: Aillard Paul , Retailleau Pascal , Voituriez Arnaud , Marinetti Angela
Published: May 2014

Starting from the at the phosphorus atom (S)‐configured molecule (III), the product ratio of the helical stereoisomers (IV) is 33:67 (P:M).
ChemInform Abstract: Chelation‐Assisted Photoelimination of B,N‐Heterocycles.
Authors: Ko Soo‐Byung , Lu Jia‐Sheng , Wang Suning
Published: May 2014

Green phosphorescent Pt(II)‐functionalized 1,2‐azaborines are achieved via photoelimination.
ChemInform Abstract: Ohmyungsamycins A (Ia) and B (Ib): Cytotoxic and Antimicrobial Cyclic Peptides Produced by Streptomyces sp. from a Volcanic Island
Authors: Um Soohyun , Choi Tae Joon , Kim Heegyu , Kim Byung Yong , Kim Seong‐Hwan , Lee Sang Kook , Oh Ki‐Bong , Shin Jongheon , Oh Dong‐Chan
Published: May 2014

isolation and structure elucidation
ChemInform Abstract: Controllable Regioselective Acylation of Flavonoids Catalyzed by Lipase in Microreactors.
Authors: Luo Xi‐Ping , Du Li‐Hua , He Feng , Zhou Chun‐Hui
Published: May 2014

The described method allows the regioselective acylation of the flavanoids naringin (Ia) and naringin dihydrochalcone (Ib) in high yields within 30 min.
ChemInform Abstract: Voacalgines A—E, New Indole Alkaloids from Voacanga grandifolia.
Authors: Hirasawa Yusuke , Arai Hiroko , Rahman Abdul , Kusumawati Idha , Zaini Noor Cholies , Shirota Osamu , Morita Hiroshi
Published: May 2014

Compound (I) exhibits moderate cell growth inhibitory activity.
ChemInform Abstract: Total Synthesis of (.+‐.)‐Antofine.
Authors: Yi Ming , Gu Peiming , Kang Xiao‐Yan , Sun Jian , Li Rui , Li Xue‐Qiang
Published: May 2014

The synthesis of antofine (I) is realized in six steps with an overall yield of 35%.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Structural Characterization of an Antiinflammatory Principle Purified from Lindera aggregata.
Authors: Kuo Ping‐Chung , Li Yue‐Chiun , Hwang Tsong‐Long , Ma Guo‐Hao , Yang Mei‐Lin , Lee E‐Jian , Wu Tian‐Shung
Published: May 2014

Linderaggrine A (I) exhibits significant inhibitory effects against the superoxide anion generation.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of γ‐Labeled Nucleoside 5′‐Triphosphates Using Click Chemistry
Authors: Serdjukow S. , Kink F. , Steigenberger B. , Tomas‐Gamasa M. , Carell T.
Published: May 2014

13 examples
ChemInform Abstract: Divergent Total Synthesis of Indoxamycins A, C, and F.
Authors: He Chi , Zhu Chenlong , Dai Zhifeng , Tseng Chih‐Chung , Ding Hanfeng
Published: May 2014

Based on the total syntheses the originally reported structures of the target compounds are revised.
ChemInform Abstract: Chromone Derivatives from the Leaves of Nicotiana tabacum and Their anti‐Tobacco Mosaic Virus Activities.
Authors: Chen Yongkuan , Yang Guangyu , Zhao Wei , Zhang Tao , Duan Yuanxing , Liu Zhihua , Miao Mingming
Published: May 2014

New chromone derivatives (I) are isolated from the title plant along with five known chromone derivatives.
ChemInform Abstract: Chemical Solution Growth of Ferroelectric Oxide Thin Films and Nanostructures
Authors: Bassiri‐Gharb Nazanin , Bastani Yaser , Bernal Ashley
Published: May 2014

Review: 49 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: 1D Oxide Nanostructures from Chemical Solutions
Authors: Einarsrud Mari‐Ann , Grande Tor
Published: May 2014

Review: focus on hydrothermal and molten salt syntheses; 47 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Cross‐Coupling Reactions of Organotrifluoroborate Salts
Authors: Molander Gary A. , Jean‐Gerard Ludivine
Published: May 2014

Review: 285 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: The Chemical Reactivity of Naphthols and Their Derivatives Toward α‐Cyanocinnamonitriles and Ethyl α‐Cyanocinnamates: A Review of Synthesis, Reactions and Applications of Naphthopyran Derivatives
Authors: Abd El‐Wahab Ashraf Hassan Fekry , Mohamed Hany Mostafa , El‐Agrody Ahmed Mohamed , Bedair Ahmed Hammam
Published: May 2014

Review: 77 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Advancements in Oxazolidinone Synthesis Utilizing Carbon Dioxide as a C1 Source
Authors: Pulla Sharon , Felton Charlette M. , Ramidi Punnamchandar , Gartia Yashraj , Ali Nawab , Nasini Udaya B. , Ghosh Anindya
Published: May 2014

Review: 52 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: N‐(3‐(2‐Amino‐6,6‐difluoro‐4,4a,5,6,7,7a‐hexahydrocyclopenta[e] [1,3]oxazin‐ 4‐Yl)phenyl) Amides as BACE1 Inhibitors: A Patent Evaluation of WO2013041499
Authors: Dessolin Jean
Published: May 2014

Review: 18 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Molecular Complexity from Polyunsaturated Substrates: The Gold Catalysis Approach
Authors: Fensterbank Louis , Malacria Max
Published: May 2014

Review: 101 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Hydrogenation by Frustrated Lewis Pairs: Main Group Alternatives to Transition Metal Catalysts?
Authors: Hounjet Lindsay J. , Stephan Douglas W.
Published: May 2014

Review: progress in the development of new catalysts for the reduction of polar organisubstrates such as olefins, alkynes, and aromatic systems; 41 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Direct Propargylic Substitution of Hydroxyl Groups in Propargylic Alcohols
Authors: Yao Min‐Liang , Kabalka George W.
Published: May 2014

Review: 156 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Soluble Polymers as Tools in Catalysis
Authors: Bergbreiter David E.
Published: May 2014

Review: 61 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Predicting Gold‐Mediated Catalytic Oxidative‐Coupling Reactions from Single Crystal Studies
Authors: Xu Bingjun , Madix Robert J. , Friend Cynthia M.
Published: May 2014

Review: 32 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Insights into Catalytic Oxidation at the Au/TiO2 Dual Perimeter Sites
Authors: Green Isabel X. , Tang Wenjie , Neurock Matthew , Yates John T. Jr.
Published: May 2014

Review: 39 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Nonscalable Oxidation Catalysis of Gold Clusters
Authors: Yamazoe Seiji , Koyasu Kiichirou , Tsukuda Tatsuya
Published: May 2014

Review: 56 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Metal and Metal Oxide Nanocatalysts: Investigating the Influence of Structural Characteristics on Their Catalytic Performance
Authors: Wang Dingsheng , Li Yadong
Published: May 2014

Review: 53 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Some Unique Features of Polymer Crystallization
Authors: Reiter Guenter
Published: May 2014

Review: 52 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Is Measuring OH· Radical Scavenging a Reasonable Measurement of Antioxidant Properties?
Authors: Meyerstein Dan
Published: May 2014

Review: 53 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Liquid Crystals Tangled Loops and Knots
Authors: Irvine William T. M. , Kleckner Dustin
Published: May 2014

Review: 10 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Greenhouse Gases Trapping
Authors: Daniil Terpugov , Grigory Terpugov
Published: May 2014

Review: 5 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Room‐Temperature Ionic Liquids and Eutectic Mixtures
Authors: Anon. Anon.
Published: May 2014

Review: 186 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Hybrid Nanoparticles Based on Sulfides, Oxides, and Carbides
Authors: Rempel A. A.
Published: May 2014

Review: 87 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: The Chemical Background of Advanced Oxidation Processes
Authors: Csay Tamas , Homlok Renata , Illes Erzsebet , Takacs Erzsebet , Wojnarovits Laszlo
Published: May 2014

Review: [53 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: A Perspective on Physical Organic Chemistry
Authors: Platz Matthew S.
Published: May 2014

Review: [58 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Solid‐State NMR Spectroscopy of Proteins
Authors: Mueller Henrik , Etzkorn Manuel , Heise Henrike
Published: May 2014

Review: 235 refs.
Selective Comminution for Fluorite/Barite Enrichment in the Processing of Mining Dumps
Authors: Hesse Max , Lieberwirth Holger
Published: May 2014

Für die Aufbereitung von Erzen wird eine Vielzahl von Sortierverfahren eingesetzt, um Vorkonzentrate und Konzentrate herzustellen. Hier werden die Zusammenhänge ausgewählter stofflicher und maschineller Einflussgrößen auf die Anreicherung von Fluorit/Baryt‐Haldenmaterial mittels selektiver Zerkleinerung untersucht. Die quantitative Bewertung der Einzelpartikelprallzerkleinerungsversuche erfolgt über den Erztrennungsgrad. Bei den Untersuchungen werden Qualitätsmerkmale der Vorkonzentrate erzielt, wie sie auch im industriellen Maßstab bei anderen Technologien anzutreffen sind.
Using expert knowledge and modeling to define mangrove composition, functioning, and threats and estimate time frame for recovery
Authors: Mukherjee Nibedita , Sutherland William J. , Khan Md Nabiul I. , Berger Uta , Schmitz Nele , Dahdouh‐Guebas Farid , Koedam Nico
Published: May 2014

Mangroves are threatened worldwide, and their loss or degradation could impact functioning of the ecosystem. Our aim was to investigate three aspects of mangroves at a global scale: (1) their constituents (2) their indispensable ecological functions, and (3) the maintenance of their constituents and functions in degraded mangroves. We focused on answering two questions: “What is a mangrove ecosystem” and “How vulnerable are mangrove ecosystems to different impacts”? We invited 106 mangrove experts globally to participate in a survey based on the Delphi technique and provide inputs on the three aspects. The outputs from the Delphi technique for the third aspect, i.e. maintenance of constituents and functions were incorporated in a modeling approach to simulate the time frame for recovery. Presented here for the first time are the consensus definition of the mangrove ecosystem and the list of mangrove plant species. In this study, experts considered even monospecific (tree) stands to be a mangrove ecosystem as long as there was adequate tidal exchange, propagule dispersal, and faunal interactions. We provide a ranking of the important ecological functions, faunal groups, and impacts on mangroves. Degradation due to development was identified as having the largest impact on mangroves globally in terms of spatial scale, intensity, and time needed for restoration. The results indicate that mangroves are ecologically unique even though they may be species poor (from the vegetation perspective). The consensus list of mangrove species and the ranking of the mangrove ecological functions could be a useful tool for restoration and management of mangroves. While there is ample literature on the destruction of mangroves due to aquaculture in the past decade, this study clearly shows that more attention must go to avoiding and mitigating mangrove loss due to coastal development (such as building of roads, ports, or harbors).
Extremely low nucleotide polymorphism inPinus krempfiiLecomte, a unique flat needle pine endemic to Vietnam
Authors: Wang Baosheng , Khalili Mahani Marjan , Ng Wei Lun , Kusumi Junko , Phi Hai Hong , Inomata Nobuyuki , Wang Xiao‐Ru , Szmidt Alfred E.
Published: May 2014

Pinus krempfiiLecomte is a morphologically and ecologically unique pine, endemic to Vietnam. It is regarded as vulnerable species with distribution limited to just two provinces: Khanh Hoa and Lam Dong. Although a few phylogenetic studies have included this species, almost nothing is known about its genetic features. In particular, there are no studies addressing the levels and patterns of genetic variation in natural populations ofP. krempfii. In this study, we sampled 57 individuals from six natural populations ofP. krempfiiand analyzed their sequence variation in ten nuclear gene regions (approximately 9 kb) and 14 mitochondrial (mt)DNAregions (approximately 10 kb). We also analyzed variation at seven chloroplast (cp) microsatellite (SSR) loci. We found very low haplotype and nucleotide diversity at nuclear loci compared with other pine species. Furthermore, all investigated populations were monomorphic across all mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) regions included in our study, which are polymorphic in other pine species. Population differentiation at nuclear loci was low (5.2%) but significant. However, structure analysis of nuclear loci did not detect genetically differentiated groups of populations. Approximate Bayesian computation (ABC) using nuclear sequence data and mismatch distribution analysis forcpSSRloci suggested recent expansion of the species. The implications of these findings for the management and conservation ofP. krempfiigenetic resources were discussed.
Egg color variation, but not egg rejection behavior, changes in a cuckoo host breeding in the absence of brood parasitism
Authors: Yang Canchao , Liu Yang , Zeng Lijin , Liang Wei
Published: May 2014

Interactions between parasitic cuckoos and their songbird hosts form a classical reciprocal “arms race,” and are an excellent model for understanding the process of coevolution. Changes in host egg coloration via the evolution of interclutch variation in egg color or intraclutch consistency in egg color are hypothesized counter adaptations that facilitate egg recognition and thus limit brood parasitism. Whether these antiparasitism strategies are maintained when the selective pressure of parasitism is relaxed remains debated. However, introduced species provide unique opportunities for testing the direction and extent of natural selection on phenotypic trait maintenance and variation. Here, we investigated egg rejection behavior and egg color polymorphism in the red‐billed leiothrix (Leiothrix lutea), a common cuckoo (Cuculus canorus) host, in a population introduced to Hawaii 100 years ago (breeding without cuckoos) and a native population in China (breeding with cuckoos). We found that egg rejection ability was equally strong in both the native and the introduced populations, but levels of interclutch variation and intraclutch consistency in egg color in the native population were higher than in the introduced population. This suggests that egg rejection behavior in hosts can be maintained in the absence of brood parasitism and that egg appearance is maintained by natural selection as a counter adaptation to brood parasitism. This study provides rare evidence that host antiparasitism strategies can change under parasite‐relaxed conditions and reduced selection pressure.
Detection of Terahertz Pulsed Radiation by Using Heterodyne Electro‐Optic Sampling Scheme
Authors: Tani Masahiko , Bakunov Michael I. , Yamamoto Kohji , Horita Kazuki , Kinoshita Tetsuya , Nagase Tomohiro
Published: May 2014

A new electro‐optic (EO) sampling scheme, which we refer to as “heterodyne EO sampling,” for the detection of pulsed terahertz (THz) waves is proposed and demonstrated. In this heterodyne EO sampling scheme, the intensity change in the sampling optical pulse induced by a THz field in a nonlinear crystal is measured without using any polarization optics. Applied in conjunction with the noncollinear Cherenkov phase matching technique, this method allows efficient and easy detection of pulsed THz wave using a simpler optical setup than in the conventional EO sampling method.
Distinction of Wet Road Surface Condition at Night Using Texture Features
Authors: Shibata Keiji , Furukane Tatsuya , Kawai Shohei , Horita Yuukou
Published: May 2014

The necessity of distinguishing the road surface condition at night time is increasing because most of the previously proposed methods correspond only to daytime. In this paper, we propose a method of distinguishing road surface condition using only video information acquired from a visible surveillance video camera. The feature of this method is that it simply uses automobile headlights as the light source. Thus it becomes possible to distinguish between road surface conditions, such as dry and wet, with high accuracy using this method.
Integrin receptors on tumor cells facilitate NK cell‐mediated antibody‐dependent cytotoxicity
Authors: Anikeeva Nadia , Steblyanko Maria , Fayngerts Svetlana , Kopylova Natalya , Marshall Deborah J. , Powers Gordon D. , Sato Takami , Campbell Kerry S. , Sykulev Yuri
Published: May 2014

NK cells that mediate ADCC play an important role in tumor‐specific immunity. We have examined factors limiting specific lysis of tumor cells by CD16.NK‐92 cells induced by CNTO 95LF antibodies recognizing αV integrins that are overexpressed on many tumor cells. Although all tested tumor cells were killed by CD16.NK‐92 effectors in the presence of the antibodies, the killing of target cells with a low level of ICAM‐1 expression revealed a dramatic decrease in their specific lysis at high antibody concentration, revealing a dose limiting effect. A similar effect was also observed with primary human NK cells. The effect was erased after IFN‐γ treatment of tumor cells resulting in upregulation of ICAM‐1. Furthermore, killing of the same tumor cells induced by Herceptin antibody was significantly impaired in the presence of CNTO 95Ala‐Ala antibody variant that blocks αV integrins but is incapable of binding to CD16. These data suggest that αV integrins on tumor cells could compensate for the loss of ICAM‐1 molecules, thereby facilitating ADCC by NK cells. Thus, NK cells could exercise cytolytic activity against ICAM‐1 deficient tumor cells in the absence of proinflammatory cytokines, emphasizing the importance of NK cells in tumor‐specific immunity at early stages of cancer.
IFN‐γ regulates survival and function of tumor‐induced CD11b+Gr‐1high myeloid derived suppressor cells by modulating the anti‐apoptotic molecule Bcl2a1
Authors: Medina‐Echeverz José , Haile Lydia A. , Zhao Fei , Gamrekelashvili Jaba , Ma Chi , Métais Jean‐Yves , Dunbar Cynthia E. , Kapoor Veena , Manns Michael P. , Korangy Firouzeh , Greten Tim F.
Published: May 2014

Myeloid derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) play a critical role in suppression of immune responses in cancer and inflammation. Here, we describe how regulation of Bcl2a1 by cytokines controls the suppressor function of CD11b+Gr‐1high granulocytic MDSCs. Coculture of CD11b+Gr‐1high granulocytic MDSCs with antigen‐stimulated T cells and simultaneous blockade of IFN‐γ by the use of anti‐IFN‐γ blocking antibody, IFN‐γ−/− effector T cells, IFN‐γR−/− MDSCs or STAT1−/− MDSCs led to upregulation of Bcl2a1 in CD11b+Gr‐1high cells, improved survival, and enhanced their suppressor function. Molecular studies revealed that GM‐CSF released by antigen‐stimulated CD8+ T cells induced Bcl2a1 upregulation, which was repressed in the presence of IFN‐γ by a direct interaction of phosphorylated STAT‐1 with the Bcl2a1 promotor. Bcl2a1 overexpressing granulocytic MDSCs demonstrated prolonged survival and enhanced suppressor function in vitro. Our data suggest that IFN‐γ/ STAT1‐dependent regulation of Bcl2a1 regulates survival and thereby suppressor function of granulocytic MDSCs.
A Selective Synthesis of Fluorinated Cispentacin Derivatives
Authors: Kiss Loránd , Nonn Melinda , Forró Enikő , Sillanpää Reijo , Fustero Santos , Fülöp Ferenc
Published: May 2014

A facile selective method has been developed for the synthesis of new fluorine‐containing cispentacin stereoisomers. Mono‐ and difluorinated cispentacin derivatives were synthetized from a bicyclic β‐lactam in five or six steps involving a regio‐ and stereoselective hydroxylation through iodooxazoline formation, followed by deoxygenation by fluorination. Starting from an enantiomerically pure bicyclic β‐lactam obtained by enzymatic resolution of the racemic compound, an enantiodivergent procedure allowed the preparation of both dextro‐ and levorotatory difluorinated cispentacins.
An Approach to the Bicyclic C‐5–C‐17/C‐19–C‐20 (BC) Portion of Neoclerodane Diterpenes by Intramolecular Diels–Alder Reaction
Authors: Wang Yuzhou , Rogachev Victor , Wolter Martin , Gruner Margit , Jäger Anne , Metz Peter
Published: May 2014

Using a highly diastereoselective intramolecular acrylate [4+2] cycloaddition as the key step, a short route from 3‐furaldehyde to a bicyclic building block for the synthesis of neoclerodane diterpenes was developed. A first attempt featuring a conjugate methylation of a dienyl lactone failed, but a streamlined sequence using an all‐encompassing intramolecular Diels–Alder reaction of a sterically congested 1,3‐diene was successful.
Chiral Synthetic Equivalents of 2‐Cyanoethyl Tetraisopropylphosphorodiamidite: Application to the Synthesis and Resolution of Chiral Phosphoric Acids
Authors: Isaac Kévin , Stemper Jérémie , Retailleau Pascal , Betzer Jean‐François , Marinetti Angela
Published: May 2014

Four synthetic equivalents of (iPr2N)2P‐OCH2CH2CN (1) have been prepared from readily available enantiomerically pure β‐hydroxynitriles as well as from chiral β‐hydroxy esters. To demonstrate their possible use as phosphinating/resolving agents, these phosphorodiamidites have been used in the synthesis of known phosphoric acids. The method allows enantiomerically pure acids to be obtained through separation of the diastereomeric phosphates. The method should favorably compete with other resolution procedures, e.g. fractional crystallization or chiral HPLC, for the small‐scale synthesis of new phosphoric acids for screening purposes. As synthetic equivalents of 1, these auxiliaries might find applications also in other areas, for the synthesis of biologically relevant compounds.
Development and pilot test of a new set of good practice indicators for chronic cancer pain management
Authors: Saturno P.J. , Martinez‐Nicolas I. , Robles‐Garcia I.S. , López‐Soriano F. , Angel‐García D.
Published: May 2014

Background

Pain is among the most important symptoms in terms of prevalence and cause of distress for cancer patients and their families. However, there is a lack of clearly defined measures of quality pain management to identify problems and monitor changes in improvement initiatives.

Methods

We built a comprehensive set of evidence‐based indicators following a four‐step model: (1) review and systematization of existing guidelines to list evidence‐based recommendations; (2) review and systematization of existing indicators matching the recommendations; (3) development of new indicators to complete a set of measures for the identified recommendations; and (4) pilot test (in hospital and primary care settings) for feasibility, reliability (kappa), and usefulness for the identification of quality problems using the lot quality acceptance sampling (LQAS) method and estimates of compliance.

Results

Twenty‐two indicators were eventually pilot tested. Seventeen were feasible in hospitals and 12 in all settings. Feasibility barriers included difficulties in identifying target patients, deficient clinical records and low prevalence of cases for some indicators. Reliability was mostly very good or excellent (k > 0.8). Four indicators, all of them related to medication and prevention of side effects, had acceptable compliance at 75%/40% LQAS level. Other important medication‐related indicators (i.e., adjustment to pain intensity, prescription for breakthrough pain) and indicators concerning patient‐centred care (i.e., attention to psychological distress and educational needs) had very low compliance, highlighting specific quality gaps.

Conclusions

A set of good practice indicators has been built and pilot tested as a feasible, reliable and useful quality monitoring tool, and underscoring particular and important areas for improvement.
Method for the determination of natural ester‐type gum bases used as food additives via direct analysis of their constituent wax esters using high‐temperature GC/MS
Authors: Tada Atsuko , Ishizuki Kyoko , Yamazaki Takeshi , Sugimoto Naoki , Akiyama Hiroshi
Published: May 2014

Natural ester‐type gum bases, which are used worldwide as food additives, mainly consist of wax esters composed of long‐chain fatty acids and long‐chain fatty alcohols. There are many varieties of ester‐type gum bases, and thus a useful method for their discrimination is needed in order to establish official specifications and manage their quality control. Herein is reported a rapid and simple method for the analysis of different ester‐type gum bases used as food additives by high‐temperature gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). With this method, the constituent wax esters in ester‐type gum bases can be detected without hydrolysis and derivatization. The method was applied to the determination of 10 types of gum bases, including beeswax, carnauba wax, lanolin, and jojoba wax, and it was demonstrated that the gum bases derived from identical origins have specific and characteristic total ion chromatogram (TIC) patterns and ester compositions. Food additive gum bases were thus distinguished from one another based on their TIC patterns and then more clearly discriminated using simultaneous monitoring of the fragment ions corresponding to the fatty acid moieties of the individual molecular species of the wax esters. This direct high‐temperature GC/MS method was shown to be very useful for the rapid and simple discrimination of varieties of ester‐type gum bases used as food additives.
Stable Underlying Equations for Constrained Hamiltonian Systems
Authors: Seiler Werner M.
Published: May 2014

Constrained Hamiltonian systems represent a special class of differential algebraic equations appearing in many mechanical problems. We survey some possibilities for exploiting their rich geometric structures in the numerical integration of the systems. Our main theme is the construction of underlying equations for which the constraint manifold possesses good stability properties. As an application we compare position and momentum projections for systems with externally imposed holonomic constraints. (© 2004 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Symplectic Time‐Stepping for Particle Methods
Authors: Dixon Matthew , Reich Sebastian
Published: May 2014

This paper surveys some of the fundamental properties of symplectic integration schemes for classical mechanics and particle methods in particular. The widely used Störmer‐Verlet method is discussed in detail and implications of conservation of symplecticity on long term simulations are outlined. The second part of the paper describes the application of a Lagrangian particle method and the Störmer‐Verlet time integrator to numerical weather prediction (NWP). A simple vertical slice model and non‐hydrostatic flow over orography are discussed in detail. (© 2004 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
The three‐field formulation for elasticity problems
Authors: Brezzi Franco , Marini Luisa Donatella
Published: May 2014

The three‐field decomposition method is particularly suited for decompositions with non matching grids. It corresponds to introduce an additional grid (usually uniform, or “easy”) at the interface. The unknown is then represented independently in each subdomain and on the interface. The matching between its value in each subdomain and on the interface is provided by suitable Lagrange multipliers. Here we discuss the main features of the method for a linear three‐dimensional elasticity problem, in the simplest case of two subdomains. An easy numerical test to check whether the inf‐sup conditions (necessary for the stability) are satisfied is also presented. (© 2014 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Mesoscopic model of microstructure evolution in shape memory alloys, its numerical analysis and computer implementation
Authors: Roubíček Tomáš , Kružík Martin
Published: May 2014

This contribution presents a mesoscopic model of evolution of microstructure in alloys exhibiting shape‐memory effects. Main features are a multi‐well stored energy at large strains and rate‐independent dissipation potential acting on volume fractions involved in the mesoscopic description of microstructure by Young measures. The focus is on analysis of an approximation scheme as well as on numerical simulations of single‐crystal experiments with specific alloys. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Computational Microstructures in Phase Transition Solids and Finite‐Strain Elastoplasticity
Authors: Carstensen C. , Hackl K. , Hoppe U. , Orlando A.
Published: May 2014

Aim of this paper is to show that the life‐golden rule ‘If you can relax, do it’ applies also to the numerical analysis of microstructures. In broad terms relaxation aims to characterize the weak limits of infimizing sequences with fine scale oscillations of gradients. The latter are identified with the fine‐scale microstructure observed in phase transition solids and in inelastic materials in the form of shear bands. An effective density energy is introduced that allows characterization of the admissible microstructure. This equals the least value that the energy of the system can reach among all the microstructures and defines the difficult notion of quasiconvexity. For vector nonconvex energy densities W, the quasiconvex hull Wqc is indeed known only in very few cases, therefore, a numerical relaxation has to be involved. This poses however a computational challenge, because the solution of a nonconvex optimization problem is required. Other notions, such as finite laminates, rank‐one convexity, and polyconvexity are introduced and a new class of algorithms for their approximations is introduced. This and other issues will be discussed and illustrated on model examples. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Microstructure Development in Standard Dissipative Solids Based on Energy Minimization
Authors: Miehe Christian
Published: May 2014

The paper provides an overview about recent developments in the formulation and numerical implementation of incremental minimization principles for inelastic solids and their exploitation with regard to the analysis of deformation microstructures. The point of departure is a general internal variable formulation for standard dissipative materials. Consistent with this type of finite inelasticity we outline a distinct incremental variational formulation of the local constitutive response where an incremental stress potential is obtained from a local minimization problem with respect to the internal variables. The existence of the incremental stress potential allows the formulation of I BVPs for standard dissipative solids as a sequence of incremental minimization problems. The stability of these incremental problems is controlled by weak convexity properties of the incremental stress potential. Micro–structure developments in incrementally non–convex dissipative solids can be resolved by relaxation methods based on convexification analyses. The relaxed problems provide a wel–posed overall response of the instable dissipative solid as close as possible to the original problem. We consider the basic set up of these relaxation analyses for dissipative standard materials in terms of incremental minimization problems for exact and approximated quasi and rankone convexifications and discuss details of their algorithmic implementations. The incremental energy minimization is applied to two conceptual model problems which treat microstructure developments in homogeneous and heterogeneous dissipative solids. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Numerical Linear Algebra for Model Reduction in Control and Simulation
Authors: Benner Peter
Published: May 2014

Model reduction is an ubiquitous tool in analysis and simulation of dynamical systems, control design, circuit simulation, structural dynamics, CFD, etc. In the past decades many approaches have been developed for reducing the order of a given model. Often these methods have been derived in parallel in different disciplines with particular applications in mind. We will discuss some of the most prominent methods used for linear systems, compare their properties and highlight similarities. In particular, we will emphasize the role of recent developments in numerical linear algebra in the different approaches. Efficiently using these new techniques, the range of applicability of some of the methods has considerably widened. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
FETI Domain Decomposition Methods for Second Order Elliptic Partial Differential Equations
Authors: Klawonn Axel
Published: May 2014

A survey on certainFiniteElementTearing andInterconnecting (FETI) methods for second order elliptic partial differential equations is given. FETI methods are nonoverlapping domain decomposition algorithms where continuity across subdomain boundaries is treated, sometimes only in parts, by Lagrange multipliers. The family of FETI algorithms is among the best known and most severely tested domain decomposition methods for elliptic partial differential equations. In this article, an overview is given of the classical one‐level FETI method and the more recent dual‐primal FETI methods; both type of algorithms are considered for scalar, second order, elliptic equations and the system of linear elasticity, and are illustrated by some computational results. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
DISCHARGE COEFFICIENT OF SHARP‐CRESTED SIDE WEIR IN TRAPEZOIDAL CHANNEL WITH DIFFERENT SIDE‐WALL SLOPES UNDER SUBCRITICAL FLOW CONDITIONS
Authors: Keshavarzi Alireza , Ball James
Published: May 2014

In this study, a comprehensive experimental study was performed to find an equation for the estimation of flow discharge over a sharp‐crested side weir in a trapezoidal channel. A physical model with side slopes of 1.5, 1, 0.5 and 0 was used and sharp‐crested side weirs with different lengths and heights were tested under different flow conditions. In this study, 212 laboratory tests were performed with different side‐wall slopes under subcritical flow conditions since the Froude number = 0.08–0.80. As a result, using statistical analysis, a linear relationship is proposed here for estimation of the side‐weir discharge coefficient in a trapezoidal channel. The new equation is a function of the upstream Froude number, weir height and side‐wall slope. The new equation enables estimation of flow discharge over the side weir with consideration of different side slopes. Furthermore, previously proposed discharge relationships for estimation of the discharge coefficient over sharp‐crested side weirs were compared with the new equation and experimental data from this study and this comparison is also reported in this paper. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Negative Regulators of Brown Adipose Tissue (BAT)‐Mediated Thermogenesis
Authors: Sharma Bal Krishan , Patil Mallikarjun , Satyanarayana Ande
Published: May 2014

Brown adipose tissue (BAT) is specialized for energy expenditure, a process called adaptive thermogenesis. PET‐CT scans recently demonstrated the existence of metabolically active BAT in adult humans, which revitalized our interest in BAT. Increasing the amount and/or activity of BAT holds tremendous promise for the treatment of obesity and its associated diseases. PGC1α is the master regulator of UCP1‐mediated thermogenesis in BAT. A number of proteins have been identified to influence thermogenesis either positively or negatively through regulating the expression or transcriptional activity of PGC1α. Therefore, BAT activation can be achieved by either inducing the expression of positive regulators of PGC1α or by inhibiting the repressors of the PGC1α/UCP1 pathway. Here, we review the most important negative regulators of PGC1α/UCP1 signaling and their mechanism of action in BAT‐mediated thermogenesis. J. Cell. Physiol. 229: 1901–1907, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Bisphenol‐A Induces Podocytopathy With Proteinuria in Mice
Authors: Olea‐Herrero Nuria , Arenas María Isabel , Muñóz‐Moreno Carmen , Moreno‐Gómez‐Toledano Rafael , González‐Santander Marta , Arribas Ignacio , Bosch Ricardo J.
Published: May 2014

Bisphenol‐A, a chemical used in the production of the plastic lining of food and beverage containers, can be found in significant levels in human fluids. Recently, bisphenol‐A has been associated with low‐grade albuminuria in adults as well as in children. Since glomerular epithelial cells (podocytes) are commonly affected in proteinuric conditions, herein we explored the effects of bisphenol‐A on podocytes in vitro and in vivo. On cultured podocytes we first observed that bisphenol‐A—at low or high concentrations—(10 nM and 100 nM, respectively) was able to induce hypertrophy, diminish viability, and promote apoptosis. We also found an increase in the protein expression of TGF‐β1 and its receptor, the cyclin‐dependent kinase inhibitor p27Kip1, as well as collagen‐IV, while observing a diminished expression of the slit diaphragm proteins nephrin and podocin. Furthermore, mice intraperitoneally injected with bisphenol‐A (50 mg/Kg for 5 weeks) displayed an increase in urinary albumin excretion and endogenous creatinine clearance. Renal histology showed mesangial expansion. At ultrastructural level, podocytes displayed an enlargement of both cytoplasm and foot processes as well as the presence of condensed chromatin, suggesting apoptosis. Furthermore, immunohistochemistry for WT‐1 (specific podocyte marker) and the TUNEL technique showed podocytopenia as well as the presence of apoptosis, respectively. In conclusion, our data demonstrate that Bisphenol‐A exposure promotes a podocytopathy with proteinuria, glomerular hyperfiltration and podocytopenia. Further studies are needed to clarify the potential role of bisphenol‐A in the pathogenesis as well as in the progression of renal diseases. J. Cell. Physiol. 229: 2057–2066, 2014. © 2014 The Authors. Journal of Cellular Physiology Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Study on One‐pot Biginelli‐like Synthesis of Pyrazolo[3,4‐d]pyrimidines in Bronsted Acidic Ionic Liquid Under Sonication and its Mechanism
Authors: Thummar Bhautik B. , Tarpada Umesh P. , Raval Dipak K.
Published: May 2014

Pyrazolo[3,4‐d]pyrimidine derivatives were synthesized using ionic liquid, 1‐butylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate, under ultrasound irradiation at ambient condition without any added catalyst. Mechanistic pathway based on the catalytic role of ionic liquid has been proposed. This method offers the advantages of simple procedure, milder reaction condition, easier workup and improved yield over the conventional method. The ionic liquid could be recycled at least three times with marked retention in its activity.
Synthesis and Antitumor Activity of Heterocycles Related to Carbendazim
Authors: Remers William A. , Iyengar Bhashyam S. , Dorr Robert T. , Wisner Lee , Bates Robert B.
Published: May 2014

Three types of compounds were synthesized from carbendazim (1), a benzimidazole derivative (Scheme ). They included a group of esters at N1 prepared by treating carbendazim with isocyanates bearing ester groups (2a, 2b, 2c), carboxyalkyl‐1,2,3,4‐tetrahydro‐s‐triazino[1,2‐a]benzimidazole‐2,4‐dione esters (3a and 3b, 3d and 3c derived from 3a. The antitumor potencies of the N1 esters were in the range of 7 to 40 μM, which compares favorably with carbendazim, but their water solubilities were low. The s‐triazine derivatives showed activity against pancreatic tumor cells, and one of them (3b) was active in mice, but they were not effective against other tumor types. Treatment of carbendazim with 3‐bromopropionyl chloride produced 1‐methoxycarbonyl‐4‐oxo‐1,2,3,4‐tetrahydropyrimido[1,2‐a]benzimidazole (4), which gave 1‐(3‐aminopropionyl)benzimidazole 2‐methylcarbamates, substituted on the amino nitrogen (5a, 5b, and 5d), when treated with amines. These products showed some antitumor activity in cell cultures, and an ethoxy derivative (5c), obtained by treating 1‐methoxycarbonyl‐4‐oxo‐1,2,3,4‐tetrahydropyrimido[1,2‐a]benzimidazole with sodium ethoxide, was active in the 67–150 μM range. Some of the new compounds had good water solubility. Carbendazim kills tumor cells by inhibiting tubulin; however, s‐triazine 3b, which differs from it in size and functional groups, does not act by this mechanism.
The Use of Pinner Type Reaction for the Synthesis of New Indeno[2,1‐c]pyridine‐4‐carbonitrile Derivatives
Authors: Nikam Prashant S. , Patil Shivaraj P. , Kanawade Shrikant B. , Gangurde Sachin A. , Rathi Meenakshi , Toche Raghunath B.
Published: May 2014

An efficient and convenient route was developed for the synthesis of new pyridinecarbonitrile derivatives by using the Pinner type of reaction. The 2‐((E)‐2‐((dimethylamino)methylene)‐1,2‐dihydro‐5,6‐dimethoxyinden‐3‐ylidene) malononitrile 2 was reacted in the presence of dry HCl gas to yield 3‐chloro‐6,7‐dimethoxy‐9H‐indeno[2,1‐c]pyridine‐4‐carbonitrile (3) in good yield. The SNAr reaction on compound 3 with various nucleophiles yielded 3‐substituted pyridinecarbonitriles 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 in moderate to good yield.
Application of a thiourea‐containing task‐specific ionic liquid for the solid‐phase extraction cleanup of lead ions from red lipstick, pine leaves, and water samples
Authors: Saljooqi Asma , Shamspur Tayebeh , Mohamadi Maryam , Mostafavi Ali
Published: May 2014

Here, task‐specific ionic liquid solid‐phase extraction is proposed for the first time. In this approach, a thiourea‐functionalized ionic liquid is immobilized on the solid sorbent, multiwalled carbon nanotubes. These modified nanotubes packed into a solid‐phase extraction column are used for the selective extraction and preconcentration of ultra‐trace amounts of lead(II) from aqueous samples prior to electrothermal atomic absorption spectroscopy determination. The thiourea functional groups act as chelating agents for lead ions retaining them and so, give the selectivity to the sorbent. Elution of the retained ions can be performed using an acidic thiourea solution. The effects of experimental parameters including pH of the aqueous solution, type and amount of eluent, and the flow rates of sample and eluent solutions on the separation efficiency are investigated. The linear dependence of absorbance of lead on its concentration in the initial solution is in the range of 0.5–40.0 ng/mL with the detection limit of 0.13 ng/mL (3sb/m, n = 10). The proposed method is applicable to the analysis of red lipstick, pine leaves, and water samples for their lead contents.
Mobilizing Victim Services: The Role of Reporting to the Police
Authors: Zaykowski Heather
Published: May 2014

Victim assistance programs have grown dramatically in response to the victim's rights movement and concern over difficulty navigating victim services. Evidence, however, indicates that very few victims seek assistance. The present study examined factors associated with victim service use including reporting to the police, the victim's demographic characteristics, the victim's injury, offender's use of a weapon, the victim's relationship to the offender, and the victim's mental and physical distress. Data came from a subset of the National Crime Victimization Survey 2008–2011 (N = 4,746), a stratified multistage cluster sample survey of persons age 12 years and older in the United States. Logistic regression models indicated that fewer than 10% of victims of violent crime sought help from victim services. Reporting to the police increased the odds of seeking services by 3 times. In addition, the odds of victims attacked by an intimate partner seeking services were 4.5 times greater than victims attacked by strangers. Findings suggest that additional exploratory work is needed in uncovering the mechanism of police involvement in linking victims to services. Specifically, do police understand what services are available to victims and why are police more likely to inform some types of victims about services more than others?
Sanguineous normothermic machine perfusion improves hemodynamics and biliary epithelial regeneration in donation after cardiac death porcine livers
Authors: Liu Qiang , Nassar Ahmed , Farias Kevin , Buccini Laura , Baldwin William , Mangino Martin , Bennett Ana , O'Rourke Colin , Okamoto Toshiro , Uso Teresa Diago , Fung John , Abu-Elmagd Kareem , Miller Charles , Quintini Cristiano
Published: May 2014

The effects of normothermic machine perfusion (NMP) on the postreperfusion hemodynamics and extrahepatic biliary duct histology of donation after cardiac death (DCD) livers after transplantation have not been addressed thoroughly and represent the objective of this study. Ten livers (5 per group) with 60 minutes of warm ischemia were preserved via cold storage (CS) or sanguineous NMP for 10 hours, and then they were reperfused for 24 hours with whole blood in an isolated perfusion system to simulate transplantation. In our experiment, the arterial and portal vein flows were stable in the NMP group during the entire reperfusion simulation, whereas they decreased dramatically in the CS group after 16 hours of reperfusion (P < 0.05); these findings were consistent with severe parenchymal injury. Similarly, significant differences existed between the CS and NMP groups with respect to the release of hepatocellular enzymes, the volume of bile produced, and the levels of enzymes released into bile (P < 0.05). According to histology, CS livers presented with diffuse hepatocyte congestion, necrosis, intraparenchymal hemorrhaging, denudated biliary epithelium, and submucosal bile duct necrosis, whereas NMP livers showed very mild injury to the liver parenchyma and biliary architecture. Most importantly, Ki-67 staining in extrahepatic bile ducts showed biliary epithelial regeneration. In conclusion, our findings advance the knowledge of the postreperfusion events that characterize DCD livers and suggest NMP as a beneficial preservation modality that is able to improve biliary regeneration after a major ischemic event and may prevent the development of ischemic cholangiopathy in the setting of clinical transplantation. Liver Transpl 20:987–999, 2014. © 2014 AASLD.