bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ordinary letters, extraordinary findings
Authors: Bergeron-Maguire Myriam , Dourdy Laura-Maï , Thiriet Juliette
Published: October 2024

This project proposes an innovative approach to the history of French by replacing the ‘tunnel vision’ (Watts/Trudgill 2002) which characterizes the vast majority of studies of ‘Classical
French’ by a wider approach, based on an extraordinarily valuable source, i.e. the ‘Prize Papers’. The Prize
Papers are a collection which includes 50,000 undelivered private French letters, confiscated between 1652 and 1815 during the
frequent military conflicts between France and England. The documents are held by the National Archives of the United Kingdom in
London, and are remnants of the privateering era, a longstanding legitimate activity of capturing enemy ships. These countless
captured letters are becoming known to historians, who have recognized them as an invaluable source of information on the period
in question, but have so far attracted little attention from linguists, even those focusing on diachrony. The MACINTOSH project is
the first French initiative to explore this collection, and aims to show how the alternative data provided by these private
documents can broaden the scope and fill the gaps left by traditional historical linguistics. The research focuses on the first
French colonial era, shedding new light on the dynamics and mechanisms that led to the French and Creole varieties existing in
America and the Indian Ocean.
Supplementary comparison on a platinum resistance thermometer calibration from -70 °C to 250 °C
Authors: Anagnostou Miltiadis , Kalemci Murat , Alnefaie Rakan , Suwaidi Aisha Al
Published: October 2024

Main text

This supplementary comparison was about the calibration of platinum resistance thermometers in the range of -70 °C to 250 °C. Four laboratories participated in the comparison: Emirates Metrology Institute (EMI) from United Arab Emirates, SASO-NMCC from Saudi Arabia, QGOSM from Qatar and Tubitak UME from Türkiye. These Institutes are full or associated (Tubitak UME) members of the GULFMET Regional Metrology Organization.

The pilot institute was Emirates Metrology Institute, who also provided the two transfer platinum resistance thermometers and monitor their stability during the comparison.

The measurements of the comparison were performed between April 2019 and February 2021 and the circulation of the instruments was without problems, except for a delay of four months between the laboratories QGOSM and EMI due to the Coronavirus pandemic.

The weighted mean of the measurements from all laboratories was used to produce the W ratios and R
0.01 reference values of the thermometers and no laboratory was excluded from this weighted mean. Note that this comparison is an RMO supplementary comparison, so the weighted mean values generated are used only as a baseline for reporting the results, and they have no particular meaning of reference values in the sense of the key comparisons.

The results show a satisfactory agreement between the participating laboratories (|En| <1), except for two set-points: -35 °C and 100 °C, for one of the two transfer thermometers, for one of the laboratories. Combined expanded uncertainties for R
0.01 were equivalent to about 0.004 °C for the laboratories using water triple point cells as a reference, and 0.010 °C for QGOSM laboratory using ice point as reference. For the other measurement points, R values, were having equivalent combined expanded uncertainties ranging from 0.0060 °C to 0.010 °C for UME, 0.008 °C to 0.016 °C for EMI, 0.012 °C to 0.024 °C for SASO-NMCC and 0.014 °C to 0.054 °C for QGOSM. The mentioned uncertainties refer to the most stable of the transfer thermometers used in the comparison.

To reach the main text of this paper, click on Final Report. Note that this text is that which appears in Appendix B of the BIPM key comparison database https://www.bipm.org/kcdb/.

The final report has been peer-reviewed and approved for publication by the CCT, according to the provisions of the CIPM Mutual Recognition Arrangement (CIPM MRA).
Domain sampling methods for an inverse boundary value problem of the heat equation
Authors: Sun Shiwei , Nakamura Gen , Wang Haibing
Published: October 2024

We investigate the reconstruction of an unknown cavity inside a heat conductor with only single boundary measurement, which is a typical non-destructive testing of defects in material science using thermography. Mathematically, it can be formulated as an inverse boundary value problem for the heat equation. Two domain sampling methods, i.e. the range test (RT) and no-response test (NRT), are developed to realize the reconstruction. We first justify the convergence of the RT, which is based on the analytical extension property of solutions to the heat equation. Then we prove the duality of the RT and NRT by looking at the relation between their indicator functions. Consequently, the unknown cavity can be reconstructed by using either the RT or NRT if the solution associated to the single measurement cannot be analytically extended across its boundary. Next, we design two efficient algorithms for the RT and NRT to reconstruct the unknown cavity numerically. Each algorithm consists of two steps. The first step is to determine an approximation of the unknown cavity by implementing the sampling methods in a coarse grid, while the second step is to improve the reconstruction by using a fine grid in the approximate domain. The numerical results suggest that both algorithms can generate some rough information on the cavity with only one boundary measurement. Finally, by using this information as an initial guess for Newton’s method, we improve the accuracy of the mentioned reconstruction results.
A single-layer dense convolutional reversible residual network for bearing fault diagnosis based on differential local adaptive
Authors: Sun Wei , Chen Kexin , Zhao Yue , Gao Wenhua , Dong Zengshou , Kang Lin
Published: October 2024

For the cross-domain fault diagnosis of industrial bearings under different working conditions and noise, most current domain adaptation methods in transfer learning only focus on either marginal distribution alignment or conditional distribution alignment. They fail to adequately combine discriminative and global distribution information. Furthermore, the majority of models have a very high parameter count and memory utilization, which makes it challenging to use them in real-world industrial situations. Therefore, a single-layer densely connected reversible residual network based on differential local adaptation is proposed. This network is more competitive in industrial applications than other fault diagnosis models since it not only uses less memory and has fewer parameters, but it also shows superior cross-domain fault diagnostic capacity in noisy situations. Additionally, to extract discriminative and global domain-invariant features, a domain adaptation module is created that takes into account local and global data distributions differently. Multiple transfer tasks and two distinct datasets are used to validate the model. Comparative tests reveal that the suggested model uses less memory and requires fewer parameters to attain good accuracy and transferability.
Site-controlled growth of In(Ga)As/GaAs quantum dots on patterned substrate
Authors: Zhao Xiaoyang , Liu Wen , Bao Yidi , Chen Xiaoling , Ji Chunxue , Yang Guiqiang , Wei Bo , Yang Fuhua , Wang Xiaodong
Published: October 2024

In(Ga)As quantum dot (QD) with uniform size and controlled sites have great potential in optical communications and quantum computing. In this review, we focus on the site-controlled preparation of In(Ga)As quantum dot arrays based on patterned substrates, including the improvements made by the researchers to enhance the quantum dot site-control capability and optical quality. Based on the current research on site-controlled In(Ga)As QDs, it has been possible to grow uniformly ordered In(Ga)As QD arrays, in which the size, morphology, and nucleus location of each quantum dot can be precisely controlled. In addition, the study of deoxidation treatment of patterned substrates has led to the performance enhancement of the prepared QD arrays. Finally, we propose that the future development of site-controlled In(Ga)As QD arrays lies in improving the optical quality and tuning their emission wavelength to the telecommunication band.
Quantitative assessment of areal bone mineral density using multi-energy localizer radiographs from photon-counting detector CT
Authors: Jasper Sören , Swicklik Joseph , Baffour Francis , Ferrero Andrea , El Sadaney Ahmed O , Shanblatt Elisabeth , Nowak Tristan , McCollough Cynthia , Rajendran Kishore
Published: October 2024

Objective. To assess the accuracy and stability of areal bone-mineral-density (aBMD) measurements from multi-energy CT localizer radiographs acquired using photon-counting detector (PCD) CT. Approach. A European Spine Phantom (ESP) with hydroxyapatite (HA 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5 g cm−2) was scanned using clinical PCD-CT and a dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) to compare aBMD values. To assess aBMD stability and reproducibility, PCD-localizers were acquired twice a day for one week, and once per week for five weeks. Multiple ESP anteroposterior thicknesses (18, 26, 34, and 40 cm) were achieved using a synthetic gel layer and scanned across eight tube current values for both 120 kV (15–120 mA) and 140 kV (10–80 mA). One-way analysis of variance was performed for statistical significance (p < 0.05 considered significant). Quantitative HA and water maps were reconstructed using a prototype material-decomposition software, and aBMD was calculated after background correction. In vivo performance of PCD-based aBMD was illustrated using a patient scan acquired at 140 kV and 40 mA, and lumbar aBMD values were compared with DXA. Main results. The ESP aBMD values from PCD-localizers demonstrated excellent day-to-day stability with a coefficient-of-variation ranging from 0.42% to 0.53%, with mean absolute percentage errors (MAPE) of less than 5% for all three vertebral bodies. The coefficient-of-variation for weekly scans ranged from 0.17% to 0.60%, again with MAPE below 5% for all three vertebral bodies. Across phantom sizes and tube currents, the MAPE values varied ranging from 1.84% to 13.78% for 120 kV, and 1.38%–9.11% for 140 kV. No significant difference was found between different tube currents. For the standard phantom size, DXA showed 11.21% MAPE whereas PCD-CT showed 3.04% MAPE. For the patient scan, deviation between PCD-based aBMD values and those obtained from DXA ranged from 0.07% to 9.82% for different lumbar vertebra. Significance. This study highlights the accuracy and stability of PCD-CT localizers for measuring aBMD. We demonstrated aBMD accuracy across different sizes and showed that higher radiation doses did not inherently increase aBMD accuracy.
A self-regulated wind energy harvester with automatic mode transition strategy enabled by wind-induced centrifugal force
Authors: Wu Shuxin , Fan Kangqi , Zhu Jiuling , Zhao Hongyuan , Zhao Mengyu , Zheng Ruisi
Published: October 2024

Natural wind energy distributes over a wide speed range, but conventional wind turbines with high electrical damping can only work under relatively high wind speeds, whereas breeze harvesters with low electrical damping suffer from limited electric outputs despite their low start-up wind speeds. To solve this dilemma, we report herein an automatic mode transition (AMT) strategy for rotary wind energy harvesters (WEHs) to realize self-regulation of electrical damping according to ambient wind speeds. The superior performance achieved with the AMT strategy has been demonstrated through an AMT-WEH comprising a low-damping as well as a high-damping power generation units. Theoretical analysis and experimental tests reveal that the AMT-WEH not only can work in low-damping single-unit mode to harvest weak wind (⩾2.6 m s−1), but also can switch spontaneously to high-damping dual-unit mode to efficiently capture strong wind. As connected with matched electrical loads, the AMT-WEH can switch to dual-unit mode and generate high average power of 188.2 mW under 8.2 m s−1 wind, which is more than 11.5-fold increase as compared with that (16.3 mW) of a conventional WEH without the AMT design. This study demonstrates a distinctive AMT strategy for WEHs to effectively exploit wide-speed-range wind energy toward self-contained sensors and electronics.
The inverse problem of identifying complex hyperbolic equation source terms in electromagnetic propagation
Authors: Tie Xu-Wei , Deng Zui-Cha , Ma Xin
Published: October 2024

This article investigates the inverse problem of determining the source term of the hyperbolic equation for electromagnetic propagation using terminal data. This study is an important method for identifying propagation sources in electromagnetics. Unlike wave equations, the complexity of the underlying equations can make theoretical analysis quite difficult. Firstly, the uniqueness of the inverse problem was proved using the energy method. Then, based on the optimal control framework, the inverse problem was transformed into an optimal control problem, and the existence of the optimal solution and its necessary conditions were established. Secondly, the global uniqueness and stability of the optimal solution have been proven, which is a completely new conclusion. This has laid a solid theoretical foundation for numerical algorithms. Finally, it is proposed to apply the Landweber iteration method and conjugate gradient method to this problem, and some numerical examples are provided to demonstrate the effectiveness and convergence speed of these two algorithms.
Analytical modeling of III-V heterojunction source-all-around vertical tunnel FET and its inverter circuit application
Authors: Ramesh Potharaju , Choudhuri Bijit
Published: October 2024

This paper presents a comprehensive analytical modeling framework for the III-V heterojunction source-all-around vertical tunnel field-effect transistor (SAA V-TFET). Using Kane’s model, our approach involves solving Poisson’s equations to obtain a continuous surface potential profile, followed by the derivation of drain current. These models demonstrate excellent accuracy across all operating regions, precisely predicting the potential profile, output, and transfer characteristics of SAA V-TFETs. We implemented the models in MATLAB and validated them against Sentaurus TCAD simulations. Furthermore, we present a comprehensive performance analysis of SAA V-TFET-based digital inverters.
Wear energy approach for evaluation of tribological properties of Cr2O3-TiO2 coating
Authors: Mehar Sanket , Sapate S G
Published: October 2024

In the present work, Cr2O3-TiO2 ceramic coating was deposited by atmospheric plasma spray (APS) method. Tribological response of coating was thoroughly examined using two different sizes of SiC abrasives under four distinct loads. Coatings were characterized by Scanning Electron Microscopy, Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy, x-ray Diffraction, Raman spectroscopy and x-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy. The coating experienced 31%–40% lower friction coefficient at coarser particle size whereas 1.4–1.6 times lower wear rates were obtained at finer particle size. Results were explained on the basis of adhesion-abrasion components of friction. Consequences of formation of a tribo-oxide film and its implications on specific energy for material removal along with wear mechanisms are also discussed. A modified wear energy parameter (WEP) is used and showed good correlation with experimentally measured wear rates and friction coefficient of the coating.
Ionization limits and upper levels in P-XIV and in Cl-XVI
Authors: Raza Salman , Qureshi Muhammad Ali
Published: October 2024

In this study, the ground state and excited state ionization limits with and without consideration of relativistic effects are computed for a helium-like iso-spectrum level sequence for the following configurations:

1s

2

S
0

1

,

1s3s

S
0

1

,

1s3p

P

0

o

3

,

1s2p

P

1

o

1

,

1s3p

P

1

o

1

,

1s4p

P

1

o

1

,

1s5p

P

1

o

1

,

1s6p

P

1

o

1

,

1s3p

P

1

o

3

,

1s3s

S
1

3

,

1s4s

S
1

3

,

1s3d

D
2

1

,

1s3d

D
2

1

,

1s5d

D
2

3

,

1s2d

P

2

o

3

,

1s3d

D
3

3

,

1s4d

D
3

3

,

1s5d

D
3

3

for nuclear charge

Z
.

The non-relativistic ionization limits are derived from the weakest bound electron potential model, and relativistic corrections are included by using the Breit-Pauli approximation, which has also been applied to the computed relativistic ionization limits at high-order polynomials in the effective nuclear charge

Z
′
.

This study suggests two hundred and seventy-two excited states ionization potentials with and without a relativistic effect. Furthermore, it fills the gap of thirty-four excited state ionization potentials and their energies for the following configurations:

1s3s

S
0

1

,

1s3p

P

0

o

3

,

1s2p

P

1

o

1

,

1s3p

P

1

o

1

,

1s4p

P

1

o

1

,

1s5p

P

1

o

1

,

1s6p

P

1

o

1

,

1s3p

P

1

o

3

,

1s3s

S
1

3

,

1s4s

S
1

3

,

1s3d

D
2

1

,

1s3d

D
2

1

,

1s5d

D
2

3

,

1s2d

P

2

o

3

,

1s3d

D
3

3

,

1s4d

D
3

3

,

1s5d

D
3

3

in

P
−
X
I
V

and,

C
l
−
X
V
I

which is very onerous to compute owing to foreign-level configuration mixing causing high perturbation, are currently not listed at NIST. This work shows excellent agreement between the computed values and NIST values. The yield ionization limits

I

n
r

and

I

N
,

Z
′

departing from NIST ones by not more than 1.0 eV and 0.00001 eV, respectively. Both sets of data reported are precise up to 4 decimal place.
Exploring entanglement effects in a quantum stirling heat engine
Authors: Rastegar-Sedehi H-R , Cruz Clebson
Published: October 2024

This study presents the development of an entangled quantum Stirling heat engine based on a two-qubit Heisenberg model. We investigate the impact of entangled states of the working substance on the energy exchange and the performance of the Stirling cycle. The results show an improvement in the cycle’s performance, which is accomplished by changing the entangled states. Furthermore, the results suggest that the operational modes of the quantum cycle can be controlled by considering changes in the entangled states of the working material and the temperatures of the reservoirs.
Speed excess and total acceleration: a kinematical approach to entanglement
Authors: Chryssomalakos C , Flores-Delgado A G , Guzmán-González E , Hanotel L , Serrano-Ensástiga E
Published: October 2024

The total variance of a spin state is defined as the average of the variances of spin projection measurements along three orthogonal axes. We show that this quantity also gives the squared rotational speed of the state in projective space, averaged over all rotation axes. We compute the addition law, under system composition, for this quantity and find that, in the case of separable states, it is of simple pythagorean form. In the presence of entanglement, we find that the composite state ‘rotates faster than its parts’, thus unveiling a kinematical origin for the correlation of total variance with entanglement. We analyze a similar definition for the acceleration of a state under rotations, for both pure and mixed states, and probe numerically its relation with a wide array of entanglement related measures.
Detailed derivation of the 3
P
0 strong decay model applied to baryons*
Authors: Aguilar T. , Capelo-Astudillo A. , Conde-Correa M. , Duenas-Vidal A. , Ortega P. G. , Segovia J.
Published: October 2024

By using the

pair creation model, we provide a detailed derivation of the transition matrix for a baryon decaying into a meson-baryon system. This analysis was successfully conducted for a meson in [J. Segovia, D. R. Entem, and F. Fernández, Phys. Lett. B 715, 322 (2012)], and we extend the same formalism to the baryon sector, focusing on the

strong decay width because all hadrons involved in the reaction are very well established, the two hadrons in the final state are stable and require no further analysis, all quarks are light and thus equivalent, and the decay width of the process is relatively well measured. Utilizing a very common Rayleigh-Ritz variational method to solve the 2- and 3-body Schödinger bound-state equation in which the hadron’s radial wave functions are expanded in terms of a Gaussian basis, we can relate the expression of the invariant matrix element with the mean-square radii of hadrons involved in the decay. We use their experimental measures in such a way that only the strength of the quark-antiquark pair creation from the vacuum is a free parameter. This is then taken from our previous study on strong decay widths in the meson sector [J. Segovia, D. R. Entem, and F. Fernández, Phys. Lett. B 715, 322 (2012)], and the obtained results are compatible with the experimental results for the calculated

decay width. Despite requiring the calculation of additional baryon strong decays, a feasible avenue towards a unified description of both baryon and meson strong decay widths within a single constituent quark model framework may be attainable. Finally, this research has been developed to lay the foundation for a novel raft of applications to exotic hadrons, i.e., the description of the baryon’s coupling to meson-baryon thresholds, one of the mechanisms that is considered to be responsible for providing either a large renormalization to naive states or genuine dynamically-generated meson-baryon molecules.
A pulsed neutron source with a sealed dense plasma focus chamber
Authors: Liang Chuan , Li Mingjia , You Haibo , Zhang Faqiang , Li Bojun , Wang Wenchuan
Published: October 2024

Compared with other pulsed neutron sources, dense plasma
focus (DPF) devices have the advantages of simple in construction,
extremely compact and cost-effective. In this paper, a DPF device
was developed for used as pulsed neutron source. The Mather-type
sealed chamber was adopted for long duration and multishot
operations without vacuum system, which is convenient for transport,
use and storage. The maximum D-D neutron yield of the device is
approximately 1.1 × 109 n/pulse when the storage
capacitors are charged with 22 kV and the deuterium gas filling
pressure is 750 Pa. The neutron pulse width (FWHM) was measured to
be 45 ns ± 10 ns.
Research on burnup depth measurement of spent fuel board based on thermal neutron imaging technology
Authors: Gao Gentao , Chen Zhe , Wan Guorong , Wei Zheng , Liu Xingyu , Li Yinong , Qiu Lanlan , Liu Dongyu , Xu Dexin , Shuai Xuefeng , Teng Changqing , Wu Lu
Published: October 2024

The detection equipment for measuring the burnup depth in
spent fuel rods is a vital component of the spent fuel management
system. which can determine the burnup depth of spent fuel board and
plays a crucial role in safeguarding the safety, economic
efficiency, and structural integrity of the fuel assembly. This
study introduces an innovative technical approach for assessing the
burnup depth of spent fuel veneers, utilizing transmitted thermal
neutron imaging technology. We have significantly enhanced the
design of a thermal neutron moderator collimator, leading to
remarkable improvements in the quality of the thermal neutron
beam. Following moderation by the collimator, the ultimate thermal
neutron injection rate at the designated sample location exceeds
103 n/cm2, with thermal neutrons comprising over 74% of the
collimated neutron beam. This advanced measurement system enables us
to obtain a detailed two-dimensional distribution map of thermal
neutrons transmitted through spent fuel boards with varying burnup
depths. By analyzing the grayscale intensity patterns in these maps,
we can accurately evaluate the burnup degree within the simulated
spent fuel plate. Furthermore, we establish a correlation between
the transmitted thermal neutron count in the imaging field and the
burnup depth of the spent fuel veneer. This allows for precise
determination of burnup depth through the analysis of the
two-dimensional distribution of transmission thermal neutron
intensity. Our findings demonstrate the feasibility of a scheme for
detecting the burnup depth in spent fuel boards based on
transmission thermal neutron imaging technology, and obtained a
linear relationship between the neutron transmission count and the
burnup depth of the spent fuel plate, laying a solid theoretical
foundation for future research and development of testing equipment
to assess burnup in spent fuel veneers.
Corrosion and wear performance and mechanism study of ZrB2/AA6016
Authors: Wang XinYao , Li Hui , Zhang XiaoLong , Wang GongLin , Jiao Lei , Shen WeiMing , Zhang Chen
Published: October 2024

This study involved the fabrication of aluminum matrix composites reinforced with ZrB2/AA6016 particles using the KBF4-Al-K2ZrF6 reaction system, the composites were then subjected to T6 heat treatment. An investigation was conducted to examine the impact of varying friction speeds on the corrosion and wear characteristics of ZrB2/AA6016. An investigation was conducted to study the frictional wear behavior of ZrB2/AA6016 in the presence of 3.5 wt% NaCl, both before and after T6 heat treatment. The study also aimed to understand the underlying mechanism of this behavior. The results indicate that the T6 heat treatment mitigates the impact of thermal stresses and strains caused by thermal mismatch, hence enhancing the material’s wear resistance. The coefficient of friction (COF) for heat-treated ZrB2/AA6016 is lower than that for unheated-treated ZrB2/AA6016. As friction increases, the pace at which the material wears down tends to decrease. At a friction wear velocity of 50 mm s−1, the wear rate of the material is minimized both before and after heat treatment, measuring 0.23 × 10−2 mm3/Nm and 0.22 × 10−2 mm3/Nm, respectively. Through the utilization of XRD, SEM, EBSD, TEM, and XPS analytical techniques, it has been determined that the ZrB2 particles exhibit strong bonding with the Al matrix. Additionally, the particle diameters range from 50 ∼ 150 nm. Following the T6 heat treatment, the grain size measured 40.53 μm, while the proportion of large-angle grain boundaries was found to be 66.4%. The accumulation of Cl− resulted in the formation of localized corrosion pits on the surface undergoing wear, hence hastening the deterioration of the material. The primary causes of wear failure are corrosive wear, abrasive wear, and oxidative wear.
Machine learning visualization tool for exploring parameterized hydrodynamics*
Authors: Jekel C F , Sterbentz D M , Stitt T M , Mocz P , Rieben R N , White D A , Belof J L
Published: October 2024

We are interested in the computational study of shock hydrodynamics, i.e. problems involving compressible solids, liquids, and gases that undergo large deformation. These problems are dynamic and nonlinear and can exhibit complex instabilities. Due to advances in high performance computing it is possible to parameterize a hydrodynamic problem and perform a computational study yielding

O

(
TB
)

of simulation state data. We present an interactive machine learning tool that can be used to compress, browse, and interpolate these large simulation datasets. This tool allows computational scientists and researchers to quickly visualize ‘what-if’ situations, perform sensitivity analyses, and optimize complex hydrodynamic experiments.
An Empire in Itself
Authors: Funk Kellen R
Published: October 2024

This chapter tells the story of the Field Code’s migration from New York to over thirty US jurisdictions by the end of the century, including every state west of Texas. Using computational text analysis techniques, it describes the patterns of legislative borrowing and the resultant regional text families. Then it hones in to describe the transplantation of the code in Iowa, North Carolina, and Colorado. In both the West and the South, codifiers transmuted democratic theory into support for a remedial code that elected legislators had neither the time nor inclination to read. Popular support for commercial development indicated popular support for New York’s civil remedies, especially the cheapened and accelerated collection of debts. Overall, the imagined expectations of distant capitalists fueled the codifiers’ arguments that New York’s remedial code was necessary to link newly formed governments to networks of wealth and credit flowing from the metropole. On these imaged demands and rewards from the Empire State of capital, codifiers made an idiosyncratic New York law the uniform practice of a nation.
The Want of Information
Authors: Funk Kellen R
Published: October 2024

This chapter surveys the Field Code reforms to pretrial discovery practice. The code’s aim to fuse law and equity and make all witnesses competent to testify at trial resulted in a complicated mix of regulations on pretrial investigation that differed significantly across the code’s major drafts. Through a detailed examination of the adultery trial of the Brooklyn preacher Henry Ward Beecher, the chapter shows that decades after adopting the Field Code, New York doggedly stuck to the traditional view that judges and public officials ought to oversee civil investigations. Lawyers and litigants alike were expected to learn about the case along with the public at trial, where they might indeed be surprised by new information. But where other jurisdictions, especially in the Midwest, followed later drafts of the code, discovery fell to the control of private lawyers who could even use imprisonment to elicit statements from witnesses without the supervision of the judiciary. Instead of the public framing of disputes and discernment of the issues in open court, discovery powers under the code gave lawyers an investigative machine that could be operated from their private offices, rendering them the new masters of fact in the corporate industrial economy.
Conclusion
Authors: Funk Kellen R
Published: October 2024

This brief conclusion surveys again the themes and argument of Law’s Machinery. From 1828 to 1938, procedure’s most enduring feature was its surprising ability to evade precise definition. Procedure as machinery became the dominant paradigm of the period, providing an effective political argument for severing procedure from “the real law.” The codifiers believed that procedure could easily be cabined off and subordinated to a legal theory of rights and correlative duties. But the entanglement of procedure with practice and practice with the actual workings of the law made procedure at once more extensive than the codifiers expected and exceedingly difficult to change on the ground. Even if the machine of procedure could not totally remake the garden of legal practice in the industrial image the codifiers preferred, their major innovations managed to shift much of what had been under public control in legal practice into the hands of private parties and their mercenary legal counselors. The long reign of the lawyers’ code gave the United States a deep tradition of relying on litigators as a primary mode of civil governance, a tradition that itself would not be easily effaced, even with the changing of the codes.
Throw open the doors
Authors: Murray I
Published: October 2024

A case study of local astronomy group Brighton Astro's efforts to increase diversity and access to its community events
Nonorthogonal basis adapted parameter-free complex absorbing potential and its application to open-boundary cluster model
Authors: Imamura Kosuke , Yasuike Tomokazu , Sato Hirofumi
Published: October 2024

This study extends the method of determining the complex absorbing potential (CAP) required for the open-boundary cluster model (OCM) based on the surface Green's function theory [Imamura K, Yasuike T, Sato H. Open-boundary cluster model with a parameter-free complex absorbing potential. 2024. J. Chem. Phys. 160:034103] to allow calculations using nonorthogonal basis sets. We devised a novel scheme that avoids the need to find adiabatically connected solutions for a large number of virtual energy levels, caused by the basis set expansion, and succeeded in constructing an optimal CAP. We generated basis sets with plane wave-like characteristics solely from localized functions, thereby eliminating the numerical instability in calculations of the surface Green's function. Application of the obtained CAP to the OCM calculation of a model 1D system confirms that the density of states of solid and localized states is well reproduced.
High-density isochronal repolarization mapping and re-entry vulnerability estimation for scar-related ventricular tachycardia ablation: mechanistic basis, clinical application, and challenges
Authors: Tonko Johanna B , Chow Anthony , Lambiase Pier D
Published: October 2024

Alterations in repolarization gradients and increased heterogeneity are key electrophysiological determinants of ventricular arrhythmogenesis across a variety of aetiologies with and without structural heart disease. High-density repolarization mapping to localize these repolarization abnormalities could improve characterization of the individual arrhythmogenic substrate and inform more targeted ablation. Yet, due to challenges posed by intrinsic features of human cardiac repolarization itself as well as technical and practical limitations, they are not routinely assessed, and traditional substrate mapping techniques remain strictly limited to determining conduction abnormalities. Here, we provide an overview of the mechanistic role of repolarization alterations in ventricular re-entry arrhythmias followed by a description of a clinical workflow that enables high-density repolarization mapping during ventricular tachycardia (VT) ablations using existing clinical tools. We describe step-by-step guidance of how-to set-up and generate repolarization maps illustrating the approach in case examples of structural normal and abnormal hearts. Furthermore, we discuss how repolarization mapping could be combined with existing substrate mapping approaches, including isochronal late activation mapping, to delineate sites of increased re-entry vulnerability, that may represent targets for ablation without the requirement for VT induction. Finally, we review challenges and pitfalls and ongoing controversies in relation to repolarization mapping and discuss the need for future technical and analytical improvements in repolarization mapping to integrate into ventricular substrate mapping strategies. Repolarization mapping remains investigational, and future research efforts need to be focused on prospective trials to establish the additional diagnostic value and its role in clinical ablation procedures.
Drug therapy and catheter ablation for management of arrhythmias in continuous flow left ventricular assist device’s patients: a Clinical Consensus Statement of the European Heart Rhythm Association and the Heart Failure Association of the ESC
Authors: Peichl Petr , Bayes-Genis Antoni , Deneke Thomas , Chioncel Ovidiu , deRiva Marta , Crespo-Leiro Maria Generosa , Frontera Antonio , Gustafsson Finn , Martins Raphaël P , Pagnesi Matteo , Maury Philippe , Petrie Mark C , Sacher Frederic , Amir Offer , Di Biase Luigi , Deisenhofer Isabel , Gasparetti Alessio , Hocini Mélèze , Costa Francisco Moscoso , Moura Brenda , Skouri Hadi , Tocchetti Carlo Gabriele , Volterrani Maurizio , Wakili Reza
Published: October 2024

Left ventricular assist devices (LVADs) are an increasingly used strategy for the management of patients with advanced heart failure. Although these devices effectively improve survival, atrial and ventricular arrhythmias are common with a prevalence of 20–50% at one year after LVAD implantation. Arrhythmias predispose these patients to additional risk and are associated with considerable morbidity from recurrent implantable cardioverter-defibrillator shocks, progressive failure of the unsupported right ventricle, and herald an increased risk of mortality. Management of patients with arrhythmias and LVAD differs in many aspects from the general population heart failure patients. These include ruling out the reversible causes of arrhythmias that in LVAD patients may include mechanical irritation from the inflow cannula and suction events. For patients with symptomatic arrhythmias refractory to medical treatment, catheter ablation might be relevant. There are specific technical and procedural challenges perceived to be unique to LVAD-related ventricular tachycardia (VT) ablation such as vascular and LV access, signal filtering, catheter manoeuvrability within decompressed chambers, and electroanatomic mapping system interference. In some patients, the arrhythmogenic substrate might not be readily accessible by catheter ablation after LVAD implantation. In this regard, the peri-implantation period offers a unique opportunity to surgically address arrhythmogenic substrate and suppress future VT recurrences. This document aims to address specific aspects of the management of arrhythmias in LVAD patients focusing on anti-arrhythmic drug therapy and ablations.
Global Well-Posedness and Refined Regularity Criterion for the Uni-Directional Euler-Alignment System
Authors: Li Yatao , Miao Qianyun , Tan Changhui , Xue Liutang
Published: October 2024

We investigate global solutions to the Euler-alignment system in $d$ dimensions with unidirectional flows and strongly singular communication protocols $\phi (x) = |x|^{-(d+\alpha )}$ for $\alpha \in (0,2)$. Our paper establishes global regularity results in both the subcritical regime $1<\alpha <2$ and the critical regime $\alpha =1$. Notably, when $\alpha =1$, the system exhibits a critical scaling similar to the critical quasi-geostrophic equation. To achieve global well-posedness, we employ a novel method based on propagating the modulus of continuity. Our approach introduces the concept of simultaneously propagating multiple moduli of continuity, which allows us to effectively handle the system of two equations with critical scaling. Additionally, we improve the regularity criteria for solutions to this system in the supercritical regime $0<\alpha <1$.
The Impact of Individual Cognitive Stimulation Therapy on Caregivers of Burn Patients
Authors: Zhang Cuina , Qin Beibei , Zhang Guihua , Feng Jianke , Wei Wei , Li Haitao , Xing Liang
Published: October 2024

This study aimed to investigate the effects of Individual Cognitive Stimulation Therapy (ICST) on the cognition, quality of life, and family relationships of caregivers of burn patients. A total of 98 caregivers of burn patients were randomly divided into a control group and a study group. The control group received routine interventions, while the study group underwent ICST, focusing on psychological diagnosis, comprehension, communication, and reeducation phases. Burn awareness levels, quality of life, social support utilization, and psychological resilience were assessed before and after the intervention. Before intervention, there were no significant differences in burn awareness levels, quality of life, social support utilization, or psychological resilience between the 2 groups. After the intervention, caregivers in the study group exhibited significantly higher scores in burn awareness levels, quality of life dimensions, social support utilization, and psychological resilience compared to the control group (P < .05). Individual cognitive stimulation therapy can improve the burn awareness level, quality of life, and social support utilization of caregivers of burn patients, highlighting its significant clinical implications in enhancing caregiver well-being and patient care.
Severe cutaneous adverse drug reaction to atovaquone/proguanil
Authors: Itani Oula , Drabent Philippe , Jidar Kaoutar
Published: October 2024

Atovaquone/proguanil is frequently prescribed among travellers to malaria-endemic areas. Side effects most commonly include headaches and gastrointestinal symptoms. Nevertheless, physicians should be aware of possible rare severe cutaneous adverse reactions, in order to facilitate the diagnosis and interrupt the drug rapidly if suspected.
Effects of Social Determinants of Health and Social Support on Surgical Outcomes Among Patients Undergoing Hysterectomy
Authors: Hare Adam M. , Tappy Erryn , Schaffer Joseph I. , Kossl Kelsey , Gaigbe-Togbe Bertille , Kapadia Anjani , Dieter Alexis A. , Hamner Jennifer , Laporte Amanda K. , Mou Tsung , Mueller Margaret G. , Doo Josephine , Park Amy J. , Chapman Graham C. , Northington Gina , Shockley Marie , Iglesia Cheryl B. , Heit Michael
Published: October 2024

OBJECTIVE:

To describe composite 30-day postoperative complication rates among patients undergoing hysterectomy during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and to determine baseline and postoperative mental health symptoms, levels of social support, and socioeconomic status and their association with hysterectomy outcomes.

METHODS:

This multicenter prospective cohort study at eight centers across the United States enrolled patients who underwent minimally invasive hysterectomy for benign indications during the COVID-19 pandemic. Patients completed preoperative and postoperative surveys assessing mental health (PHQ-9 [Patient Health Questionnaire]), social support (MOS-SS [Medical Outcomes Study Social Support Survey]), and socioeconomic status (Hollingshead Index [Hollingshead Four Factor Index of Socioeconomic Status]). Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection rates and 30-day composite complication rates were measured and categorized by Clavien-Dindo Grade. Bivariate associations of survey data on complications were assessed. Logistic regression analyses were used to identify independent predictors of 30-day complications and complication severity.

RESULTS:

Postoperative complications within 30 days occurred in 67 of 273 (24.5%) patients. Most (88.1%) complications were mild, but eight (11.9%) experienced severe complications. Only three patients (1.1%) tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 infection. There were no differences in complication rates when comparing race and ethnicity, age, or socioeconomic status. Survey responses that indicated more depression and worse support from preoperative to postoperative were seen in patients with severe complications (P=.008 and P=.09, respectively). Multivariate analysis demonstrated that an increase in support scores was protective against severe complications (P=.02). Worsening depression scores were associated with more severe complications (P=.03).

CONCLUSION:

This study showed a high rate of complications (24.5%) among patients who underwent hysterectomy during the COVID-19 pandemic. Lower social support and worse mental health status are associated with worse postoperative outcomes after hysterectomy.
Development of a Practical Prediction Model for Adverse Neonatal Outcomes at the Start of the Second Stage of Labor
Authors: Clapp Mark A. , Li Siguo , James Kaitlyn E. , Reiff Emily S. , Little Sarah E. , McCoy Thomas H. , Perlis Roy H. , Kaimal Anjali J.
Published: October 2024

OBJECTIVE:

To develop a prediction model for adverse neonatal outcomes using electronic fetal monitoring (EFM) interpretation data and other relevant clinical information known at the start of the second stage of labor.

METHODS:

This was a retrospective cohort study of individuals who labored and delivered at two academic medical centers between July 2016 and June 2020. Individuals were included if they had a singleton gestation at term (more than 37 weeks of gestation), a vertex-presenting, nonanomalous fetus, and planned vaginal delivery and reached the start of the second stage of labor. The primary outcome was a composite of severe adverse neonatal outcomes. We developed and compared three modeling approaches to predict the primary outcome using factors related to EFM data (as interpreted and entered in structured data fields in the electronic health record by the bedside nurse), maternal comorbidities, and labor characteristics: traditional logistic regression, LASSO (least absolute shrinkage and selection operator), and extreme gradient boosting. Model discrimination and calibration were compared. Predicted probabilities were stratified into risk groups to facilitate clinical interpretation, and positive predictive values for adverse neonatal outcomes were calculated for each.

RESULTS:

A total of 22,454 patients were included: 14,820 in the training set and 7,634 in the test set. The composite adverse neonatal outcome occurred in 3.2% of deliveries. Of the three modeling methods compared, the logistic regression model had the highest discrimination (0.690, 95% CI, 0.656–0.724) and was well calibrated. When stratified into risk groups (no increased risk, higher risk, and highest risk), the rates of the composite adverse neonatal outcome were 2.6% (95% CI, 2.3–3.1%), 6.7% (95% CI, 4.6–9.6%), and 10.3% (95% CI, 7.6–13.8%), respectively. Factors with the strongest associations with the composite adverse neonatal outcome included the presence of meconium (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 2.10, 95% CI, 1.68–2.62), fetal tachycardia within the 2 hours preceding the start of the second stage (aOR 1.94, 95% CI, 1.03–3.65), and number of prior deliveries (aOR 0.77, 95% CI, 0.60–0.99).
Opportunities and Solutions: Unintentional Weight Loss
Authors: Guterman Rebecca , Chu Andy S. , Hirsch Rebecca , Singer Judy , Johnston Sarah , Fung Katy
Published: October 2024

In this narrative review, the authors provide a concise overview of current information on the identification and management of unintentional weight loss (UWL) in clinical care settings. Unintended weight loss can occur widely and is often multifactorial. Clinicians should use screening tools to identify those experiencing UWL. Management includes nutrition assessments and diagnosing malnutrition when present. Nutrition counseling by a registered dietitian nutritionist should address the causes and manifestations of UWL. Individualized dietary plans with supplementation and/or nutrition support and medications for appetite stimulation may be considered. The presence of UWL at the end of life should be addressed in line with the patient’s care plan. Managing UWL is part of the multidisciplinary care teams’ responsibilities.