bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
New insights into the cellular and molecular mechanisms of skeletal muscle fatigue: the Marion J. Siegman Award Lectureships
Authors: Debold Edward P. , Westerblad Håkan
Published: July 2024

Skeletal muscle fibers need to have mechanisms to decrease energy consumption during intense physical exercise to avoid devastatingly low ATP levels, with the formation of rigor cross bridges and defective ion pumping. These protective mechanisms inevitably lead to declining contractile function in response to intense exercise, characterizing fatigue. Through our work, we have gained insights into cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying the decline in contractile function during acute fatigue. Key mechanistic insights have been gained from studies performed on intact and skinned single muscle fibers and more recently from studies performed and single myosin molecules. Studies on intact single fibers revealed several mechanisms of impaired sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ release and experiments on single myosin molecules provide direct evidence of how putative agents of fatigue impact myosin’s ability to generate force and motion. We conclude that changes in metabolites due to an increased dependency on anaerobic metabolism (e.g., accumulation of inorganic phosphate ions and H+) act to directly and indirectly (via decreased Ca2+ activation) inhibit myosin’s force and motion-generating capacity. These insights into the acute mechanisms of fatigue may help improve endurance training strategies and reveal potential targets for therapies to attenuate fatigue in chronic diseases.
Bluetongue Virus Infection in Farm Dogs Exposed to an Infected Sheep Flock in South Africa
Authors: Hanekom Josef , Ebersohn Karen , Penzhorn Lisa , Quan Melvyn , Leisewitz Andrew , Guthrie Alan , Fosgate Geoffrey T.
Published: July 2024

In 2021, a pregnant Rottweiler dog living on a sheep farm was diagnosed with clinical bluetongue (BT) infection. This study reports on the investigation of this farm where bluetongue virus (BTV) infection was diagnosed in this atypical host species. Samples were collected during farm visits 14, 28, 60, and 89 days after the onset of clinical signs in the pregnant Rottweiler. Blood was collected from all farm dogs (n = 6) and tested for BTV genome using a reverse‐transcriptase quantitative PCR (RT‐qPCR) assay and BTV antibodies with the competitive ELISA (cELISA) and dogs positive by RT‐qPCR were further tested using virus neutralization (VN) serological testing. Blood was also collected from 16 sick sheep and tested using RT‐qPCR. Midges were trapped on the study farm using an Onderstepoort UV light trap placed above a sheep pen for 36 hr at the first farm (14 days) visit. Parous/gravid midges were tested by BTV RT‐qPCR in batches of up to 200 midges per species. Blood‐fed midges (n = 308) were tested using a PCR species probe (KAPA Multiplex Master Mix) to identify the host species on which the midge had fed. Three dogs (n = 3/6) had detectable BTV RNA with RT‐qPCR and high VN antibody titers to BTV. All RT‐qPCR‐positive dogs and one additional dog tested cELISA seropositive (n = 4/6). Bluetongue virus RNA was detected in 5/16 sheep tested. The most abundant midge species was Culicoides imicola (99.3%) and BTV was only detected in this species (n = 3/4 batches of 200 parous midges). Dog blood was not detected in any blood‐fed midges tested. The occurrence of natural BT viraemia in exposed dogs creates a potential risk of BTV entry into BT‐free countries through dog importation. It remains unclear whether BT viremia in dogs is capable of onward transmission.
Tailoring the Electrophilicity of Co Surface for Favorable toward Alkaline Oxygen Evolution Reaction by Metal Cation Doping
Authors: Kim MinJoong , Song DongHoon , Lim JeongHoon , Bak Junu , Roh Jeonghan , Oh SeKwon , Cho EunAe
Published: July 2024

The chemical coupling of molybdenum carbide (Mo2C) to cobalt (Co) promotes oxygen evolution reaction (OER) kinetics on the Co surface by making the surface more electrophilic. Here, to gain a deeper understanding of the effects of the surface electrophilic properties on the OER kinetics of Co and to obtain high OER activity, Fe and Ni are additionally incorporated into Co nanoparticles that are coupled with Mo2C nanoparticles (Co‐Mo2C). Considering the oxidation states of Fe (Fe3+), Co (Co2+/Co3+), and Ni (Ni2+) ions, Fe and Ni are expected to affect the electronic structure of Co in the opposite direction. Lewis acidic Fe3+ doping makes the Co surface oxide more electrophilic, promoting the formation of OER‐active CoOOH by strongly attracting hydroxide ions (OH−). Thus, the OER kinetics is facilitated on the Co surface of Fe‐doped Co‐Mo2C, resulting in a significantly lower overpotential for the OER. On the other hand, the Ni2+ doping makes the Co surface oxide less electrophilic, leading to an increase in the overpotential for the OER. Tailoring the electrophilic properties of the Co surface is presented as a key parameter in the design of a Co‐based OER catalyst for alkaline water electrolysis.
Morphological and Physicochemical Characterization of Some Exotic Fig (Ficus carica L.) Genotypes in Bangladesh
Authors: Koly Khadiza Akter , Gomasta Joydeb , Alam Mohammad Saiful , Wahid Sahim Al , Gulshan Sieda Sejuti , Kayesh Emrul
Published: July 2024

This study investigated the diversity among five introduced fig (Ficus carica L.) germplasm in Bangladesh, focusing on their morphological and physicochemical characteristics. The primary goal was to assess morphological variations, including their genetic potential for future improvement, and to examine their biochemical properties. The findings demonstrated significant variations in plant growth attributes, leaf characteristics, fruit traits, sensory attributes, and biochemical properties among the genotypes under study. Notably, two genotypes, Khurtamoni (KH) and Brown Turkey (BT), emerged as exceptional performers based on their combined pomological and nutritional characteristics compared to Golden Riverside (GRS), Egyptian‐2 (E‐2), and Saudi Yellow Arabia (SYA). However, KH displayed outstanding growth characteristics, excellent fruit attributes, including a remarkable fruit yield of 65.67 fruits per plant, and exceptional nutriomedicinal properties with a total phenolic content (TPC) of 8.03 mg GAE/100 g FW, a total flavonoid content (TFC) of 31.084 mg QE/100 g FW, and an IC50 value of 85.39 μg/ml. Besides, BT excelled in terms of taste, texture, juiciness, and various nutritional parameters with an ascorbic acid content of 4.4 mg/100 g, a TFC of 28.348 mg QE/100 g FW, and an IC50 value of 83.685 μg/ml. The genotype ranking, taking into account both morphological and biochemical characteristics, reveals the following order: KH > BT > GRS > SYA > E‐2 as per the principle component analysis. Consequently, the study identifies KH and BT as promising candidates for fig cultivation and breeding in Bangladesh due to their exceptional attributes. Furthermore, the genotype ranking offers valuable guidance for selecting germplasm for breeding programs and promoting sustainable fig cultivation in Bangladesh.
Numerical Analysis Study on the Influence of Shield Cutting Pile on the Settlement of Pile–Soil Composite Foundation
Authors: Cao Ming-ming , Ma Shi-ju , Zhang Jing-wei
Published: July 2024

Based on the shield cutting pile–soil composite foundation project of Zhengzhou Metro Line 5, numerical analysis was employed to replicate the in situ experimental conditions on site. The study focused on investigating the impact of shield cutting piles on the settlement of pile–soil composite foundation and analyzing the sensitivity of shield construction parameters, face pressure (P), and grouting pressure (Q). Comparing the numerical analysis results of land surface subsidence with field in situ test monitoring results reveals a consistent pattern, validating the rationality of the numerical modeling method presented in this paper. The results demonstrate that the vertical displacement of the formation caused by shield cutting pile construction can be divided into settlement and uplift areas. The region with significant formation displacement settlement spans within 0.9D (5.4 m above the tunnel vault), whereas the area with pronounced formation displacement uplift ranges within 0.58D (3.5 m below the tunnel arch bottom). The influence of face pressure (P) on the bearing characteristics of the composite foundation primarily occurs during the prepile cutting stage, whereas the influence of grouting pressure (Q) on the bearing characteristics of the composite foundation mainly manifests after the shield tail separates from the residual pile of the composite foundation.
Shaking Table Test and Parametric Research on Damping Performance of Centralized Damping Structure
Authors: Zhou Kaifeng , Zhang Shunzhe
Published: July 2024

The lateral stiffness of the external frame and internal core tube (CT) in super‐tall CT structures exhibits significant differences. This paper presents a novel centralized damping structural system (CDS), which utilizes the differential lateral displacements of the internal and external substructures by centrally installing centralized damping devices between the CT and the external frame to achieve energy dissipation and seismic mitigation objectives. First, a theoretical analysis model for CDS was established, and its dynamic transfer function was derived. Parameter analysis was conducted to investigate the influencing factors. The optimal damping ratio for CDS is determined using the fixed‐point theory. Experimental shake table tests were performed to validate the seismic mitigation effectiveness of CDS, of which the results demonstrate significant reductions in both the top‐level acceleration of the internal frame and the top‐level displacement of the external frame. Finally, comparative numerical analyses are performed between traditional structures and the CDS structures, revealing that the centralized damping structral system can effectively reduce the acceleration of the internal CT and the interstory displacement of the external frame. The CDS structure achieves superior seismic mitigation effects compared to traditional structures with fewer damping devices.
Rock Pressure Characteristics and Control Technology of Underground Roadways during Stacked Coal Seam Extraction
Authors: Nian Futian
Published: July 2024

Ensuring the stability of underground structures during the extraction of stacked coal seams is imperative for the sustainable exploitation of coal resources. This study investigates the influence of stacked coal seam extraction on the integrity of nearby underground roadway structures. It employs a comprehensive methodology combining on‐site measurements, physical experimentation, and numerical simulations, with particular emphasis on the 23513 transport roadway as the primary research focus. The results delineated a specific stress distribution on the goaf area floor, with reduced stress at the edges and heightened stress centrally. Additionally, the roadway’s roof exhibited pronounced stress variability, with a maximum stress concentration coefficient of 5.5. The surrounding rock of the roadway was found to be susceptible to structural integrity breakdown, leading to delamination and zone‐based deterioration, which significantly extended the plastic zone. To mitigate these issues, a novel high pretension thick‐layer anchoring control technique was introduced. This method significantly enhanced support strength, refined support procedures, and entailed a bespoke design of support plan parameters. Industrial‐scale on‐site trials confirmed the efficacy of this technique, with a separation value of the top plate of 4–10 mm, achieving effective management of the surrounding rock deformation in the roadway, with crack development contained within the fundamental anchoring layer. The implementation of this technique ensured the safety of the roadway and offered substantial insights for the governance of similar conditions in other roadways.
Effects of Light Spectra on Nutritional Composition in Juvenile Sinonovacula constricta (Lamarck 1818) and Transcriptomic Analysis
Authors: Zhang Mengqi , Kong Fei , Chen Deshui , Yan Xiaojun , Ran Zhaoshou , Xu Jilin
Published: July 2024

The razor clam Sinonovacula constricta, a commercially important and nutritionally valuable bivalve species, has been found to display notable responses to different light spectra. While previous research has highlighted the influence of light spectra on the growth, feeding rate, and various physiological characteristics of S. constricta, its impact on the biochemical composition of this species remains unclear. Herein, we investigated the proximate, fatty acid, and amino acid compositions of S. constricta cultured under various light spectra, including white, violet, blue, cyan, green, yellow, red, and darkness. Furthermore, we explored the potential molecular mechanisms underlying these observations through transcriptomic analysis. The results indicate that the light spectrum has a significant impact on the growth, biochemical composition, and gene expression of juvenile S. constricta. Specifically, culturing S. constricta under the yellow light led to improved growth rate (1.09 ± 0.03%/day), higher levels of carbohydrate (26.27% ± 0.49%), crude lipid (11.99% ± 0.23%), energy contents (14,611.34 ± 1,067.01 kJ/kg), and essential amino acids (15.22 ± 0.01 g/kg), as well as increased proportions of polyunsaturated fatty acids (12.38 ± 0.31 µg/mg). These findings suggest that yellow light may play a crucial role in enhancing the nutritional quality of S. constricta. Moreover, the transcriptomic analysis revealed that the yellow light treatment upregulated pathways related to fatty acid biosynthesis, glycine, serine, and threonine metabolism and fatty acid metabolism. This indicates that yellow light may influence nutrient metabolism regulation in S. constricta, potentially leading to the observed changes in biochemical composition. Overall, our study recommends cultivating juvenile S. constricta under yellow light to optimize their growth and nutritional value. Further research could delve deeper into the molecular mechanisms underlying the effects of different light spectra on S. constricta to enhance our understanding of how light influences aquaculture practices and the nutritional quality of seafood products.
The Impact of COVID‐19 Infection on Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms: Mechanisms and Clinical Implications
Authors: Cao Zenghan , Gao Jianhang , Wu Jianqiang , Zheng Yuehong
Published: July 2024

Background: The COVID‐19 virus not only has significant pathogenicity but also influences the progression of many diseases, altering patient prognosis. Cardiovascular diseases, particularly aortic aneurysms, are among the most life‐threatening conditions.

Main Idea: COVID‐19 infection is reported to accelerate the progression of abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAAs) and increase the risk of rupture; however, a comprehensive understanding of the underlying mechanisms remains elusive. This article primarily reviews the relevant foundational research, focusing on disruptions in the renin‐angiotensin‐aldosterone system (RAAS), immune system activation, and coagulation disorders. Furthermore, we summarize related clinical research, including the epidemiology of aortic aneurysms during the pandemic and specific case studies.

Conclusion: COVID‐19 infection can influence the onset and progression of aortic aneurysms by affecting the RAAS, triggering inflammation and immune dysregulation in the arterial wall, and inducing a hypercoagulation state. It is crucial to comprehensively understand the impact of pandemic viral infections on aortic diseases at the foundational and clinical levels, thereby identifying potential preventative or therapeutic approaches and preparing for potential future outbreaks.
Psychometric Properties of the Arabic Version of the Pain Resilience Scale among Lebanese Adults with Chronic Musculoskeletal Pain
Authors: Makhoul Melissa , Noureddine Samar , Abu-Saad Huijer Huda , Farhood Laila , Fares Souha , Uthman Imad , French Douglas J. , France Christopher R.
Published: July 2024

Background. The Pain Resilience Scale (PRS), which measures behavioral perseverance and the ability to regulate emotions and cognition despite ongoing pain, lacks an Arabic version. Objectives. This study aimed to translate, culturally adapt, and validate an Arabic version of the Pain Resilience Scale (PRS‐A) among Lebanese adults. Methods. Phase 1 involved translation and cross‐cultural adaptation of the PRS into Arabic. Phase 2 examined the reliability and validity of the PRS‐A. A convenience sample of 154 Lebanese adults with chronic musculoskeletal pain completed the PRS‐A and self‐report measures of pain catastrophizing, pain self‐efficacy, pain intensity and interference, depression and anxiety, and quality of life. Results. The PRS‐A yielded a two‐factor structure with factor 1 representing “cognitive/affective positivity” and factor 2 representing “behavioral perseverance,” accounting for 41.93% and 15.15% of the variance in pain resilience, respectively. Total PRS‐A score (M = 33.20 and SD = 9.90) showed significant correlations with pain catastrophizing (M = 27.65, SD = 13.03, and r = −0.52), pain self‐efficacy (median = 9.00, IQR = 4, and rho = 0.61), pain intensity (M = 4.50, SD = 2.25, and r = −0.28), pain interference (M = 4.30, SD = 2.89, and r = −0.56), physical (M = 34.95, SD = 9.52, and r = 0.34) and mental (M = 40.08, SD = 12.49, and r = 0.58) health functioning, anxiety (median = 7.00, IQR = 7, and rho = −0.57), and depression (median = 4.00, IQR = 6, and rho = −0.58). PRS‐A subscale was also significantly related to all measures except pain intensity, which was correlated with cognitive/affective positivity (r = −0.33) but not behavioral perseverance (r = −0.09). Cronbach’s alpha for the PRS‐A was 0.87. Conclusion. The PRS‐A demonstrated validity and acceptable reliability among Arab‐speaking individuals with chronic musculoskeletal pain, suggesting its potential utility for assessing pain resilience within this population.
Spontaneous Atraumatic Rupture of a Liver Hemangioma as a Rare Cause of Syncope
Authors: Sidler Fabian , Turcan Vitalie , Storni Federico , Bernhard Sarah , Jakob Dominik A. , Ehrhard Simone
Published: July 2024

Background. Syncope is common in emergency medicine, but only a minority of syncopes is caused by hemorrhage. Liver hemangioma is the most frequent benign liver tumor, and they rarely lead to symptoms or complications. Case Presentation. We describe the case of an 81‐year‐old man with hemorrhagic shock due to an atraumatic rupture of a hepatic hemangioma while on oral anticoagulation. The patient presented to the emergency department after three episodes of syncope before admission, nausea, vomiting, mild epigastric abdominal pain, but with clinical signs of peritonitis. On admission, the patient had a mild tachycardia with a heart rate of 107/min and a blood pressure of 102/83 mmHg. Initial hemoglobin was 122 g/L, and lactate was slightly elevated (2.5 mmol/L). Bedside sonography revealed free intraabdominal fluid. The subsequent computed tomography showed a ruptured hemangioma of the liver with ongoing hemorrhage. After the CT scan, the patient became increasingly tachycardic and the blood pressure dropped to 94/62 mmHg. After administration of blood products and intravenous fluids, the patient responded with improved hemodynamics and was transferred to angiology for emergency embolization. After the intervention, the patient spent two days in the intermediate care unit and was discharged after 10 days of hospitalization. Conclusion. Atraumatic rupture of a hemangioma with consecutive hemorrhagic shock is extremely rare. In selected cases of spontaneously ruptured hemangiomas with hemoperitoneum, endovascular embolization can be an alternative to surgery. Furthermore, this case emphasizes the importance of sonographic examination as an additional diagnostic tool in syncope and concomitant abdominal pain.
Association of Depression and Cognitive Performance in US Older Adults: A Secondary Analysis of Cross-Sectional Data Using NHANES 2013–2014
Authors: Yao Lulu , Ni Jingnian , Wei Mingqing , Li Ting , Long Ziyi , Shi Jing , Tian Jinzhou
Published: July 2024

Introduction: Depression has been associated with cognitive performance, but whether sociodemographic and clinical characteristics might influence this association is not well elaborated. This study aimed to further explore this relationship in older adults. Methods: This cross-sectional study is based on data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2013–2014. A total of 1,433 individuals with complete information on depressive symptoms and cognitive function variables were included in this study. Patient Health Questionnaire 9 (PHQ-9) score ≥10 as the cutoff to identify cases of depression in our study. We defined poor cognitive performance as a composite cognitive score <47. Logistic regression models were used to examine the association of depression with cognitive performance (model 1). We progressively adjusted the covariates as confounders (model 2: model 1 + age, and gender; model 3: model 2 + race, education level, family income, drinking, and smoking; model 4: model 3 + overweight, arthritis, hyperlipidemia, diabetes, hypertension, heart failure, coronary heart disease, heart attack, stroke, and cancer). We then conducted subgroup, interaction, and restricted cubic spline (RCS) analyses to examine this association. Results: The prevalence of poor cognitive performance was 36.6% (53/145) in the depression group and 14.1% (182/1,288) in the non-depression group. In the fully adjusted model, depression was significantly associated with poor cognitive performance (adjusted odds ratio: 2.25; 95% confidence interval: 1.31–3.81). The results were robust to sensitivity analyses. Gender and education level may modify the association between depression and poor cognitive performance. RCS analysis revealed that the PHQ-9 score was related to poor cognitive performance in a nonlinear manner (p for nonlinearity <0.001), and exhibited a J-shaped curve. Conclusion: Depression is associated with poor cognitive performance in US older adults. Early recognition and treatment of depression may be potential intervention strategies to protect cognitive health.
Associations between adipose tissue-specific insulin resistance and atherosclerotic plaques and burden in community-based population
Authors: Zhou Qi , Cai Xueli , Jin Aoming , Jing Jing , Mengxing Wang , Wang Suying , Mei Lerong , Meng Xia , Shan Li , Wei Tiemin , Wang Yongjun , Liu Liping , Pan Yuesong
Published: July 2024

Background: We aimed to examine the association between adipose tissue specific insulin resistance and atherosclerotic burden and plaques in intracranial, extracranial, and coronary arteries in community residents without diabetes.
Methods: Adipose tissue specific insulin resistance index (Adipo-IR) was calculated by fasting serum insulin and free fatty acids and categorized into 4 groups according to the quartiles. The 3.0T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scanner was used to assess intracranial and extracranial atherosclerotic plaques, while computed tomography angiography (CTA) was used to assess coronary atherosclerotic plaques. Intracranial, extracranial, and coronary atherosclerotic burden was assessed by segmental stenosis segment scores of the corresponding arterial segments, respectively. Binary and ordinal logistic regression models were utilized to investigate the relationship of Adipo-IR with the presence of atherosclerotic plaques and atherosclerotic burden.
Results: Of 2719 participants (mean [SD] age, 60.9 [6.6] years; 1441 [53.0%] women), the prevalence of intracranial atherosclerotic plaques, extracranial atherosclerotic plaques, and coronary plaques were 432(15.9%), 975(35.9%), and 1160 (42.7%), respectively. Compared with individuals with the lowest quartile, participants with the fourth quartile of the Adipo-IR were associated with intracranial atherosclerotic burden (common odds ratio [cOR]: 1.35; 95% CI: 0.99-1.82), coronary plaque (odds ratio [OR]: 1.45; 95% CI: 1.15-1.83) and segment stenosis score (cOR: 1.44; 95% CI: 1.15-1.81) after adjustment for age, sex, and current smoking.
Conclusion: Adipose tissue specific insulin resistance is associated with atherosclerotic burden and plaques in intracranial and coronary arteries in Chinese community non-diabetic residents.
Hyperandrogenism Decreases Seizure Threshold in a Rat Model of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
Authors: Zhang Jiaxian , Lai Wanlin , Tang Yusha , Gao Jing , Zhou Xiangyang , Chen Lei
Published: July 2024

Introduction: In women of childbearing age with epilepsy, 30% experience the comorbidity of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), which is marked by a higher prevalence of hyperandrogenism. Our recent clinical observations indicate the potential contribution of hyperandrogenism-induced PCOS to epilepsy susceptibility, and this study aimed to unravel the underlying factors that increase the susceptibility of females to epilepsy. Methods: A letrozole-induced PCOS rat model was employed to simulate endogenous hyperandrogenism. The threshold of seizure was assessed through seizure kindling rates using pentetrazol and electroencephalogram recordings. Additionally, the role of androgens in epilepsy was verified through interventions using Diane-35. Results: This study revealed that letrozole-induced elevated testosterone levels and PCOS-related changes in female rats. PCOS rats, through pentetrazol-kindling, exhibited a reduced seizure threshold compared with controls. Elevated testosterone levels were observed in both the hippocampal and frontal brain tissues, accompanied by changes in circulation. Two weeks of Diane-35 intervention showed a tendency to alleviate these changes, modifying testosterone levels in both the plasma and brain tissue. Western blotting and immunohistochemistry revealed increased expression of GABA-A receptor in the hippocampus and decreased AMPA receptor expression in the frontal cortex, correlating with antiepileptic status in PCOS rats. Conclusion: This study delves into the impact of elevated androgen levels on seizure threshold, providing crucial insights into the underpinnings of the comorbidity between PCOS and epilepsy. These findings significantly contribute to the evolving field of epilepsy research, emphasizing the imperative consideration of hormonal influences for the development of targeted therapeutic interventions in individuals with epilepsy and PCOS.
Cone-Beam Computed Tomography Improves Location of Transbronchial Cryobiopsy in Interstitial Lung Disease with Limited Extent
Authors: Ravaglia Claudia , Vignigni Giovanna , Vizzuso Antonio , Dubini Alessandra , Petrella Enrico , Giampalma Emanuela , Maitan Stefano , De Grauw Arianna Johanna , Piciucchi Sara , Poletti Venerino
Published: July 2024

Introduction: Transbronchial lung cryobiopsy has been recommended as an acceptable alternative to surgical approach for making a histopathological diagnosis in patients with interstitial lung disease (ILD) of undetermined type. In limited diseases (especially if distributed along the subpleural region), sampling the specific area in which the pathological process is more represented could be challenging. Aim of the study was to determine the potential benefit of utilizing cone-beam computed tomography-guided cryobiopsy in patients with limited extent of ILD on CT scan and determine the single impact of each sequential biopsy progressively increasing the total number of biopsies. Methods: This study is a prospective analysis of patients with undetermined ILD and CT scan extent <15% undergoing cone-beam CT-guided cryobiopsy. Each biopsy sample was collected and processed individually and pathologic interpretations were performed sequentially with the pathologist reformulating a new report with the addition of each sample (cumulative yield). Results: Thirty six patients were enrolled. Pathological diagnostic yield was >90%, with almost 80% of diagnostic samples being the first one; when a second biopsy was performed, mean diagnostic yield increased with only a moderately significant difference. No severe adverse events were observed; pneumothorax was documented in 27.8% of the cases. Conclusion: Sequential individual collection and pathologic interpretation of each biopsy sample has confirmed the possibility of obtaining a diagnostic specimen at the first pass if transbronchial cryobiopsy is performed under cone-beam CT.
Histological Presentation of EoE: simply a magic number ?
Authors: Sterlacci William , Vieth Michael , Neurath Markus
Published: July 2024

Background: Eosinophilic esophagitis (EOE) is an increasing condition in industrialized countries. The etiology is still somewhat unclear. It was thought that it can be part of eosinophilic gastroenteritis but nowadays seen as separate entity and thus more often the esophagus is the only part of the gastrointestinal tract that is affected. Immunosuppressive and immunomodulatory treatment is available and can lead to symptom relief and remission. Summary and Key Messages: In this article, the value and practicability of the histological criteria used for this disease are discussed. Also, the situation regarding the requirements for grading in clinical studies and in routine settings are discussed.
Isodicentric Y Chromosome with Multiple Breakpoints in the Pseudoautosomal Region 1
Authors: Ogiwara Yasuko , Kobori Yoshitomo , Suzuki Erina , Hattori Atsushi , Tanase-Nakao Kanako , Osaka Akiyoshi , Iwahata Toshiyuki , Okada Hiroshi , Kuroki Yoko , Fukami Maki
Published: July 2024

Introduction: Isodicentric Y chromosomes are relatively common structural variants of the human genome. The underlying mechanism of isodicentric Y chromosomes with short arm breakpoints [idic(Yq)] remains to be clarified. Case Presentation: We encountered a Japanese man with azoospermia and mild short stature. G-banding and array-based comparative genomic hybridization indicated that his karyotype was 45,X/46,X,idic(Y)(qter→p11.32::p11.32→qter) with a ∼1.8 Mb terminal deletion. Whole-genome sequencing suggested that the Y chromosome had four breakpoints in a ∼7 kb region of the pseudoautosomal region 1 (PAR1). Conclusion: This case was assumed to have an idic(Yq) resulting from multiple DNA double-strand breaks in PAR1. This rearrangement may have been facilitated by the PAR1-specific chromatin architecture. The clinical features of the patient can be ascribed to SHOX haploinsufficiency and the presence of a 45,X cell line, although copy-number gains of some Yq genes and the size reduction of PAR1 may also contribute to his spermatogenic failure.
Dimeria anandibaiana (Poaceae: Panicoideae): a new species from Konkan region of Maharashtra, India
Authors: PAITHANE V. A. , BHUKTAR A. S. , CHORGHE A. R. , GOSAVI K. V. C. , KASHETTI R. P. , PATIL S. B.
Published: July 2024

Dimeria anandibaiana, a new species of Poaceae, is described and illustrated from the Konkan region of Maharashtra. The new species is morphologically allied to D. stapfiana C. E. Hubb. ex. Pilg. A detailed description of the new species, along with a comparative analysis of allied species, coloured photographs, illustration, distribution, and ecological notes, are provided in this paper.
What is Iconella (Bacillariophyta)? The poverty of molecular monophyly (Part II)
Authors: WILLIAMS DAVID M.
Published: July 2024

In 2020 I gave a talk to my colleagues in the Natural History Museum, London with the title ‘Taxonomy: Who are these Performing Monkeys?’ The title is derived from a paper by Arthur Cain (1921-1999), ecologist, evolutionary biologist and malacologist, published in 1959 but presented a year earlier, on the 15th July 1958, at the Royal Geographical Society to commemorate the bi-centenary of Linnaeus’s Systema Naturae: ‘Is it not extraordinary that young taxonomists are trained like performing monkeys, almost wholly by imitation, and that in only the rarest cases are they given any instruction in taxonomic theory?’ (Cain 1959, p. 243). Cain concluded his presentation with the following remarks:
Random Forests’ Postprocessing Capability of Enhancing Predictive Skill on Subseasonal Time Scales—A Flow-Dependent View on Central European Winter Weather
Authors: Kiefer Selina M. , Lerch Sebastian , Ludwig Patrick , Pinto Joaquim G.
Published: July 2024

Weather predictions 2–4 weeks in advance, called the subseasonal time scale, are highly relevant for socioeconomic decision-makers. Unfortunately, the skill of numerical weather prediction models at this time scale is generally low. Here, we use probabilistic random forest (RF)-based machine learning models to postprocess the subseasonal to seasonal (S2S) reforecasts of the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF). We show that these models are able to improve the forecasts slightly in a 20-winter mean at lead times of 14, 21, and 28 days for wintertime central European mean 2-m temperatures compared to the lead-time-dependent mean bias-corrected ECMWF’s S2S reforecasts and RF-based models using only reanalysis data as input. Predictions of the occurrence of cold wave days are improved at lead times of 21 and 28 days. Thereby, forecasts of continuous temperatures show a better skill than forecasts of binary occurrences of cold wave days. Furthermore, we analyze if the skill depends on the large-scale flow configuration of the atmosphere at initialization, as represented by weather regimes (WRs). We find that the WR at the start of the forecast influences the skill and its evolution across lead times. These results can be used to assess the conditional improvement of forecasts initialized during one WR in comparison to forecasts initialized during another WR.

Significance Statement

Forecasts of winter temperatures and cold waves 2–4 weeks in advance done by numerical weather prediction (NWP) models are often unsatisfactory due to the chaotic characteristics of the atmosphere and limited predictive skill at this time range. Here, we use statistical methods, belonging to the so-called machine learning (ML) models, to improve forecast quality by postprocessing predictions of a state-of-the-art NWP model. We compare the forecasts of the NWP and ML models considering different weather regimes (WRs), which represent the large-scale atmospheric circulation such as the typical westerly winds in Europe. We find that the ML models generally yield better temperature forecasts for 14, 21, and 28 days in advance and better forecasts of cold wave days 21 and 28 days in advance. The quality of forecasts depends on the WR present at the forecast start. This information can be used to assess the conditional improvement of forecasts.
The Changing Weather Information Landscape: Observations, Conjectures, and Thoughts about the Future
Authors: Krocak Makenzie J. , Ripberger Joseph , Berry Kodi , Silva Carol , Jenkins-Smith Hank
Published: July 2024

Numerous changes to information technology and media consumption over the last 2 decades have facilitated a fundamental shift in how people receive information, including weather forecasts. Historically, weather information was generally vetted through experts (often broadcast meteorologists) to members of the public in a relatively top-down system. Now, with the availability of internet websites, phone applications, and social media, people have an increasingly diverse set of sources from which to get weather forecasts. In this piece, we present results from CONUS-wide surveys that show this diversification of weather sources for nonroutine weather events. While older respondents still tend to get weather information from television, younger respondents are increasingly reliant on less traditional sources, including phone notifications, internet websites, social media, and family and friends. This shift to nontraditional sources means that a more diverse set of actors will have the opportunity to provide weather information to users, which could impact the quality, reliability, and accessibility of the weather information in the future.
Perceptions and experiences of clinicians and correctional officers facilitating palliative care for people in prison: A systematic review and meta-synthesis
Authors: Schaefer Isabelle , Panozzo Stacey , DiGiacomo Michelle , Heneka Nicole , Phillips Jane L.
Published: July 2024

Background:

As the number of people ageing in prison with complex healthcare needs continues to increase, so does the need for palliative care in the restrictive prison context. Palliative care for people in prison is facilitated by correctional officers, and prison- and hospital-based clinicians. A collective analysis of existing research to identify common experiences of these stakeholders globally has not been completed.

Aim:

To explore the perceptions and experiences of correctional officers and prison- and hospital-based clinicians who facilitate palliative care for people in prison.

Design:

A systematic review and meta-synthesis.

Data sources:

Keywords and subject headings related to palliative care and prisons were used to search seven databases with no time limitations. Peer-reviewed research in English, containing qualitative data from stakeholders facilitating palliative care for people in prison were included, and appraised using the CASP tool.

Results:

Two analytical themes emerged: (i) a prison lens on a palliative approach and (ii) coping complexities. Palliative care is ‘translated’ into the prison setting according to security and environmental constraints. Stakeholders experienced ethical, personal and professional difficulties, because prison-based palliative care did not align with community norms. Ambiguous policy and expectations regarding prioritising care needs and balancing custodial rules led to role stress.

Conclusions:

Providing palliative care for people in prison is complex and impacts stakeholders and people in prison with palliative care needs. Supporting person-centred care through a multi-service approach, stakeholder education and standards will improve the quality and accessibility of care.
Effects of amateur choir experience on forced-attention dichotic listening in older adults
Authors: Li Yang , Ji Jinxin , Zhao Xinxian , Yang Xiaohu
Published: July 2024

This study aimed to investigate the effects of amateur choir experience on “forced-attention” dichotic listening performance in older adults. Twenty older adults with choir experience and 20 without such experience were recruited, along with a group of 20 younger adults as the baseline. Participants were instructed to complete the dichotic listening task based on consonant-vowel (CV) syllables in four attentional conditions, that is, non-forced, forced-left, forced-right, and divided attention conditions. The results showed that choir experience may offset age-related deficits in temporal processing, inhibitory control, and divided attention in the non-forced, forced-left, and divided attention conditions, respectively. But in the forced-right condition where the orienting process was required, two groups of older adults performed similarly, comparable with the younger group. Our findings support the OPERA-e hypothesis and underscore the effects of amateur musical activities against declines in temporal processing, inhibitory control, and divided attention in aging populations.
Unraveling the Asymmetric Impact of Pandemic Uncertainty on Maritime Crimes: A Comparative Analysis of Ten Maritime Nations
Authors: Cao Xinghua , Cui Zhenti , Ali Sajid , Nazar Raima
Published: July 2024

In the wake of global pandemic uncertainty, maritime domains have become turbulent waters, witnessing an asymmetric surge in criminal activities. This study navigates these treacherous seas, unveiling the asymmetric influence of pandemic-induced uncertainty on maritime crimes in 10 selected maritime countries (the United States, China, Somalia, Singapore, Brazil, India, Greece, Nigeria, Australia, and Russia). These economies provide diverse maritime contexts, from major global shipping hubs to regions known for piracy and maritime insecurity. Preceding research has primarily applied panel data tools to explore the link between pandemic uncertainty and maritime crimes, without considering the unique characteristics of individual countries. The current research applied the “quantile-on-quantile” technique to assess the individual interconnection of every nation. This method enhanced the precision of our analysis, providing a comprehensive worldwide perspective while yielding specific perceptions for every country. Annual data for the pandemic uncertainty index and maritime crimes were taken for the years 1996 to 2022. The findings revealed a significant increase in maritime-related criminal activities linked to pandemic uncertainty across numerous quantile levels within most selected nations. Moreover, our results emphasized the differing trends of these connections among the nations. These findings accentuate the importance of policy makers governing through measurements and executing efficient policies to tackle variations in both pandemic uncertainty and maritime crimes.
Comparison of Electric and Internal Combustion Engine Vehicles from an Economic Perspective in Developing Islands
Authors: Hastunç Meliz , Şenol Mehmet , Abbasoğlu Serkan
Published: July 2024

This paper introduces a global model for analyzing diverse car segments, featuring a novel algorithm as a decision-making tool for future calculations and policymaking. This analysis was carried out by using the total cost of ownership (TCO) across seven car segments categorized by the European Union Commission, spanning from small to luxury models. Focusing on North Cyprus as a case study—particularly relevant for developing islands—the study assesses how adopting 100% photovoltaic (PV) energy affects electric vehicle (EV) TCO. Given the absence of current financial incentives in North Cyprus, the research evaluates two support schemes tailored to different segments, measuring the minimum and maximum incentives required based on EV sales prices. In the base-case scenario, TCO ranges from €23,790.79 to €176,498.07. In general, a 13.92% average support is required as an incentive for EV TCO to be equivalent in price with internal combustion engine vehicles, this decreases to 7.99% with a value-added-tax-free and road-tax-free incentive toward EVs. Some segments show TCO price equivalence, reducing reliance on substantial incentives and preserving government revenue, vital for developing islands. The analysis reveals an average TCO reduction of 8.81% for smaller segments and 13.5% for larger segments with applied incentives. 100% PV energy adoption leads to an average TCO decrease of 4.54% for smaller segments and 2.84% for larger segments. Additionally, the study notes a correlation between rising automobile purchase prices and a decrease in the impact of social cost of carbon and the levelized cost of PV energy.
Effectiveness of NGOs in mountainous solid waste management: A case study from Healing Himalayas in Rakchham, Himachal Pradesh, India
Authors: Roy Sulagna , Kaushik Pankaj R. , Sangwan Pradeep , Herat Sunil
Published: July 2024

Non-governmental organizations (NGOs) play a critical role in addressing solid waste management (SWM) challenges in remote mountain communities, including the ecologically fragile Himalayan region. This study evaluates the impact of Healing Himalayas, an NGO, in Rakchham village, Himachal Pradesh, India. The objectives were to evaluate the effectiveness of Healing Himalayas’ decentralized SWM model in promoting stakeholder engagement and resource recovery, assess the role of collaborations between local authorities and the NGO in financing waste management practices, investigate the influence of tourism and seasonal variations on solid waste generation patterns and waste management practices in Rakchham, and material recovery facilities, followed by glass (36.7%), paper/cardboard (18.4%) and metal (4.1%). A fee-based system involving the local village council funded waste operations. Waste generation exhibited significant seasonal fluctuations, with tourism influxes driving increased volumes. Healing Himalayas’ initiatives promoted community participation, with over 15 awareness workshops conducted. Key challenges included limited financial resources, inadequate infrastructure, lack of advanced treatment facilities and need for context-specific solutions like efficient wet waste management in cold climates. The study highlights Healing Himalayas’ decentralized model’s success in fostering stakeholder engagement, behavioural change and resource recovery. The findings inform effective strategies for NGO-led waste management initiatives tailored to remote Himalayan communities.
The effects of short-time air pollution, SO2, and ozone on biochemical, histo-pathological, oxidative stress, and carcinogenesis related genes expressions in the liver of the rats
Authors: Sepehri Bita , Darbani Roya , Mesgari-Abbasi Mehran , Kheirouri Sorayya , Shanehbandi Dariush , Khordadmehr Monireh , Alizadeh Mohammad
Published: July 2024

Objective of the Research

Air pollution is a universal issue and has significant deleterious effects on both human health and also environment. The important indicators of air pollution include ozone (O3), particulate matter (PM), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), and sulfur dioxide (SO2). This research aims to investigate the impacts of ambient air pollution (AAP), SO2, and O3 on oxidative stress parameters, liver tissue histopathology, and expression of some carcinogenesis-related genes in the hepatic tissue of rats.

Materials and Methods

32 Wistar rats were randomly allocated to four groups: the control group, the AAP group, the SO2 group (10 ppm), and the ozone group (0.6 ppm). Over a period of five consecutive weeks, the rats were exposed to the specified pollutants for 3 h daily; liver tissues were harvested and instantly fixed with formalin. Pathological changes were assessed in the tissue samples. Additionally, the RT-qPCR technique was utilized to investigate Expression alterations of BAX, p-53, BCL2, caspase-3, caspase-8 and caspase-9. Furthermore, 30 milligrams of hepatic tissues were extracted to assess the activities of oxidative stress enzymes.

Results

The liver catalase and MDA activity were elevated in the air pollution ( p < .05). Also, liver GPx activity in air pollution and ozone groups was significant in comparison to the control group ( p < .05). The SO2 group exhibited severe lesions in histopathology examinations.

Conclusions

The findings revealed an alteration in liver histopathology, an induction of oxidative stress, and the expression of some apoptosis-related genes in hepatic tissues after exposure to AAP, SO2, and O3.
Creating Successful Science Poems: Craft Elements of Poems With Clear Science Content
Authors: Durham Rebecca A.
Published: July 2024

For centuries, poetry was the primary form of science communication. Poets practiced the literary craft of creating impactful and memorable poetry that also communicated scientific knowledge. While contemporary poets incorporate scientific information into their work, there exists scant scholarship on the poetics and craft elements of science poems. The poet must enact a balance between disparate syntax, diction, ideas, and form. Through poetic examples, I demonstrate how a science poem can contain clear scientific information and still function as art.
Management of Metastatic Spinal Disease – A Practical Approach
Authors: Shea Graham Ka Hon , Kwan Kenny Yat Hong
Published: July 2024

Study Design

Narrative review.

Objective

This review presents a comprehensive approach to the management of spinal metastases.

Methods

N/A.

Results

The wide spectrum of clinical presentation in spinal metastases necessitates a personalized approach to treatment planning. This includes a comprehensive diagnostic workup, oncological management, palliation of symptoms, and surgical intervention if appropriate. A systematic and multidisciplinary approach allows optimal shared decision making to reach an evidence-informed and value-congruent treatment plan for the patient. We highlight how advances in stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) and separation surgery may be incorporated into clinical management from a spine surgeon’s perspective.

Conclusion

This review summarizes the approach and management of spinal metastases, its outcomes and complications.