bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Reliability and Validity of Gujarati Version of Nomophobia Questionnaire: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Patel Niyati Nileshbhai , Shah Dhwanit S
Published: September 2024

Introduction: Nomophobia is considered a modern-age phobia whereby individuals fear being without a smartphone. The present study focuses on translating the Nomophobia Questionnaire (NMP-Q) into Gujarati to measure nomophobia. Aim: To assess the reliability and validity of the Gujarati version of the NMP-Q, aiming to enhance research, public health initiatives and clinical assessments. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted from May 2023 to November 2023 at the Department of Physiotherapy, Vidhyadeep Institute of Physiotherapy, Surat, Gujarat, India and comprised two phases: 1) Face and content validation through expert clinical review; 2) Test-retest reliability. Face and content validity of the Gujarati NMP-Q were determined using the consensus method with a total of 200 participants aged between 15-18 years. To assess the reliability of the Gujarati NMP-Q, internal consistency and test-retest reliability were evaluated. Test-retest reliability was determined using the Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC) and internal consistency was calculated using Cronbach's alpha. Results: A total of 200 participants (mean age 17.60±1.40 years) were included in the study. The Gujarati version of the NMP-Q demonstrated excellent test-retest reliability, indicated by a high ICC (0.986) and high internal consistency (0.972). The values for Content Validation Ratio (CVR), Item-level Content Validation Index (I-CVI), Modified Kappa (K) and Proportion of Agreement were all 1. Conclusion: The Gujarati version of the NMP-Q exhibits excellent reliability and good face and content validity. It is deemed adequate and valuable for assessing the level of fear of being without a smartphone in daily life among Gujaratispeaking school students.
Perception of First-year Medical Students’ Regarding Five Microskills of the Oneminute Preceptor Model in Early Clinical Exposure: A Quasi-experimental Study
Authors: Sirsikar Mangala N , Mohanty Shrabani , Murthuza Aga Ammar
Published: September 2024

Introduction: Early Clinical Exposure (ECE) bridges the gap between theory and practice for medical students. The Oneminute Preceptor (OMP) model, a widely used clinical teaching framework, promotes effective feedback and critical thinking efficiently. It employs five microskills: commitment, evidence probing, teaching rules, reinforcing correct actions, and correcting mistakes. This structured approach enhances clinical teaching in limited time, particularly in outpatient and ambulatory settings. Aim: To evaluate the perceptions of first-year MBBS students regarding the effectiveness of the five microskills of the OMP model during ECE. Materials and Methods: A quasi-experimental study was conducted at Vydehi Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India, from September 2019 to June 2020, involving 188 first-year MBBS students. Data were collected through questionnaires focusing on the OMP’s five microskills. Pretest and post-test scores were compared, and session feedback was obtained using a validated 10-item questionnaire. Paired t-tests and Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) were used for statistical analysis. Results: The study sample comprised 102 females and 86 males students (mean age 19.2 years). Results showed a significant increase from pretest (10.55±4.4558) to post-test (22.29±1.687). Students reported improvements in diagnostic capabilities (67.6%), understanding of clinical history (64.9%), self-directed learning (60.6%), critical thinking (58%), clinical reasoning (57.5%), and decision-making confidence (52.1%). The OMP also promoted motivation for rectifying mistakes. Conclusion: ECE using the OMP model proved to be effective in enhancing various aspects of students’ clinical skills and reasoning abilities. The study recommends including the OMP in preclinical competency-based curricula to prepare students for busy clinical practice and outpatient settings.
Histopathological Study of Obstructive Lesions of Small and Large Intestine: A Cross-sectional Study in Uttarakhand, India
Authors: Pundir Swati , Pant Prabhat , Joshi Vindhya
Published: September 2024

Introduction: Intestinal obstruction is the impairment or arrest of the passage of contents through the intestine. Tubercular aetiology is the commonest cause of small intestinal obstruction in developing countries, while postoperative adhesions are common in developed countries. Neoplastic aetiology is more common in Large Bowel Obstruction (LBO). Clinical and radiological findings are non specific, and histopathology is required for a definitive diagnosis of the aetiology. Aim: To study histopathological examination of obstructive lesions of the small and large intestine. Materials and Methods: The present cross-sectional study was conducted from January 2020 to September 2021, including a total of 77 cases of intestinal obstruction due to mechanical causes. Detailed gross and microscopic examinations were performed, along with routine and special stains (wherever required), in the Department of Pathology at Government Medical College, Haldwani, Nainital, Uttarakhand. Data were presented in numbers and percentages. Results: The present study showed a male predominance 46 (59.8%) with a male to female ratio of 1.5:1. The most commonly affected age group was 31-40 years 20 (25.9%). Constipation (76; 98.7%) was the most common clinical symptom, followed by abdominal pain 72 (93.5%). The small intestine was more commonly involved 35 (45.5%), with the ileum being the most commonly affected site 40 (53.2%). Among cases of large intestine obstruction, the caecum was the most common site 10 (14.2%). Perforation was the most common gross finding 25 (32.9%). Non specific inflammatory pathology was the most common cause of obstruction (23.5%), followed by adenocarcinoma (20.8%). Tubercular pathology was the third most common cause (11.9%). Conclusion: The present study highlights the important pathologies in the aetiology of obstruction. Prevention and early intervention can help control some of the infective diseases and avoid such emergencies. Early diagnosis and treatment of neoplastic pathology, which is a leading cause of LBO, are beneficial for the better management of patients. A detailed histopathological study of small intestinal specimens should be conducted in constant correlation with clinical and radiological findings for an accurate diagnosis.
UZAKTAN EĞİTİMDEN YÜZ YÜZE EĞİTİME GEÇİŞ SIRASINDA YAŞANAN ÖĞRENCİ DAVRANIŞLARINDAKİ DEĞİŞİMİN ÖĞRETMEN GÖRÜŞLERİNE GÖRE İNCELENMESİ
Authors: Aybek Birsel , Göktaş Duygu
Published: September 2024

Türkiye’de Kovid-19 pandemi sürecinin sonunda (2021-2022 eğitimöğretim yılı) yüz yüze eğitim- öğretime devam edilmesine yönelik karar almıştır. Öğrencilerin yüz yüze eğitim öğretime dönmesiyle pandemi öncesine göre bazı davranışlarda değişiklikler olduğu görülmüştür. Bu çalışmada öğretmenlerin görüşlerine göre uzaktan eğitimden yüz yüze eğitime geçiş sırasında öğrencide gözlenen davranış değişikliklerinin belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Bu çalışma nitel araştırma yöntemi kullanılarak planlanmış ve nitel araştırma desenlerinden durum çalışması deseni kullanılmıştır. Araştırmada maksimum çeşitlilik sağlanarak 25 öğretmenden oluşan bir çalışma grubu oluşturulmuştur. Çalışma grubunu oluşturan öğretmenler ilkokul, ortaokul ve ortaöğretim kurumlarında görev yapmaktadırlar. Öğretmenlerin gözlemlediği öğrencilerin yaşı 7 ile 17 arasında değişmektedir. Çalışma grubunda yer alan öğretmenlerle çevrimiçi uygulama üzerinden yarı yapılandırılmış açık uçlu sorulardan oluşan görüşmeler yapılarak elde edilen veriler içerik analizi yöntemi ile
incelenmiştir. Elde edilen verilere göre katılımcıların hepsi öğrencilerde davranış değişikliği olduğunu ve bu değişikliklerin olumsuz olduğunu belirtmiştir. Katılımcılar bu davranışların sebebi olarak ise doğrudan veya dolaylı olarak pandemi sürecini işaret etmişlerdir.
19. YÜZYIL SONLARINDA OSTROUMOV’UN ORTA ASYA TÜRK HALKLARINDAN DERLEDİĞİ ATASÖZLERİ
Authors: Maırambek Kyzy Lira , Aka Murat
Published: September 2024

Çağatay Türkçesine ait halk anlatılarını derleme faaliyetleri 19. yüzyılın ikinci yarısına, Rusların Orta Asya’yı işgal etmesinden sonraki döneme denk gelmektedir. Farklı alanlarda gerçekleştirilen bu derlemelerin içeriği çok çeşitli olup halk edebiyatı ürünlerinin pek çoğunu kapsamaktadır. Bunların arasında Doğu bilimcilerin en çok dikkatini çeken halk ürünü atasözleridir. Bölgedeki atasözleri örneklerini ilk kayda geçiren kişi Arminius Vámbéry’dir. Vámbéry derlediği örneklere 1867’de yayımladığı Ćagataische Sprachstudien eserinde yer vermiştir. Vámbéry’nin derleme örnekleri dönemin diğer araştırmacılarına esin kaynağı olmuştur ve bu araştırmacılardan biri de Rus Doğu bilimcisi Nikolay Petroviç Ostroumov’dur. Bu çalışmanın konusunu Ostroumov’un 1880’li yıllarda Türkistan’da derlediği ve ilk kısmını 1888 yılında Poslovitsı tuzemnago naseleniya Turkestanskago kraya (Türkistan bölgesi yerel halkının atasözleri) adıyla, ikincisini 1891 senesinde Poslovitsı i pogovorki tuzemnago naseleniya Turkestanskago kraya (Türkistan bölgesi yerel halkının atasözleri ve deyimleri) adı altında Taşkent’te yayımladığı Çağatay Türkçesi atasözleri oluşturmaktadır. Birbirinin devamı niteliğinde olan bu iki eser, atasözleri konusunda ilk derlemelerden olması ve örneklerinin Çağatay Türkçesinin sonlarına doğru kayda geçirilmesi bakımından önem arz etmektedir. Aynı zamanda, atasözü örnekleri, 19. yüzyıl Çağatay Türkçesinin ses ve şekil özellikleri, kelime dağarcığı ve diyalektoloji gibi yönleriyle incelenmesine yönelik önemli veriler sunmaktadır. Ostroumov, derlemesinde atasözlerinin hem Rusça çevirisini hem de Arap harfli metnini bir araya getirmiştir. Derlemenin Türkiye’de tanıtılmasını amaçlayan bu çalışmada Arap harfli metnin transkripsiyonu yapılmış, metinde geçen kimi sözcüklerle ilgili bilgiler verilmiş ve atasözleri genel itibarıyla değerlendirilmiştir.
Statistical Insights from Marine Exports in India: An Economic Analysis
Authors: L. Suman, , Ajayakumar  , K.R. Hamsa, , Patil Manojkumar , Sagar
Published: September 2024

This paper investigates the performance of marine products exported from 1995-2022, in terms of both quantity and value, identify trends, and assess market volatility using metrics viz., CAGR and CDVI. The analysis reveals a substantial overall increase in export volumes, with total quantities rising by 485.70 per cent over the period, driven largely by a 642.86 per cent growth in Frozen Shrimp exports. Export values have also seen a dramatic rise, with Frozen Shrimp's value growing by 1730.25 per cent to Rs. 43,135.58 crore. Despite this growth, the market exhibits significant erraticism, particularly in high-value segments viz., Frozen Shrimp, which shows a CDVI of 99.41, indicating instability. Employing multiple models for both quantities and value of exports, the exponential model found to be best in capturing trend with lowest RMSE, AIC, BIC and the highest Adjusted R², highlighting it’s ability to accurately capture the growth patterns in marine exports. Thus, it indicated the presence of exponential growth pattern in marine exports. In India’s marine export sector, particularly segments like dried and chilled items, offers significant potential for further expansion and diversification. These insights are critical to develop strategies to sustain  growth while managing the risks associated with market dynamics. Thus, findings give valuable inputs for policymakers and stakeholders in strategic planning to capitalize on growth opportunities while addressing market instability.
Epidemiological Profile of HIV among Elderly in Brazil from 2019 to 2023
Authors: Vale Camila Carvalho Do , Sousa Bruna Rafaela Da Silva , Santos Felipe Valino Dos , Rodrigues Geisa Adriele Silva , Evangelista Gizele De Oliveira , Corrêa Gracileide Maia , Almeida Leidiane Almeida De , Sousa Maylane Cristina BARROS , Corrêa Perla Katheleen Valente , Neto Walter Lopes
Published: September 2024

Objective: To demonstrate the epidemiological profile of HIV cases in the elderly in Brazil from 2019 to 2023
Method: This is a descriptive epidemiological study, with a quantitative approach and a secondary base, from the SUS Information Technology Department (DATASUS), which is an open system that collects, processes and stores health data. Tables were used for analysis.
Results: The Southeast region of the country is the most affected and the Midwest region the least. Males are more prevalent with HIV/AIDS than females, and as for hierarchy, heterosexuals, homosexuals and bisexuals were the most prevalent cases.
Considerations: The data pointed to the invisibility of the AIDS problem among the elderly. Health education for this population and greater inclusion of the elderly in government programs to combat STIs, as well as quality public policies aimed at this public, are essential.
Effect of Foliar-applied Plant Growth Regulators on Coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.) to Regulate Growth and Yield Attributes
Authors: Dubey Shreyansha , Nair Reena , Jain Surabhi , Sharma Ankita , Thakur Harshita , Koushale Monika , Ahirwar Shubham
Published: September 2024

This investigation was conducted to obtain the effect of plant growth regulator on growth, yield and quality. The experiment utilized a randomized block design with three replications and nine treatments, including a control. The four different plant growth regulators (PGRs) used were Benzyl adenine (BA, 10 and 20 ppm), Brassinosteroid (BR, 0.5 and 1.0 ppm), Jasmonic acid (JA, 50 and 100 ppm) and Salicylic acid (SA, 50 and 100 ppm), applied as foliar sprays at 30 and 60 days after sowing (DAS). The experiment was conducted during the Rabi season of 2023-24 at the Vegetable Research Centre, Maharajpur, Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture, Jawaharlal Nehru Krishi Vishwa Vidyalaya, Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh. The investigation revealed that BR at 0.5 ppm resulted in the maximum plant height (103.67 cm). The highest number of primary (15.53) and secondary (26.50) branches at harvest was achieved with JA at 50 ppm. Phenological observations indicated that JA at 50 ppm led to the earliest 50% flowering at 36.67 days. For yield attributes, the highest number of umbels per plant (42.13) and umbellets per umbel (6.31) were found with JA at 50 ppm. BA at 20 ppm showed the maximum number of seeds per umbel (36.40), test weight (10.84 g), harvest index (9.92), and seed yield (13.65 q ha-1). Economically, BA at 20 ppm provided the highest net return (Rs. 170735.81), gross return (Rs. 232117.39), and benefit-cost ratio (2.78). Therefore, it can be concluded that foliar sprays of BR, JA, and BA are effective on improving phenological traits, yield attributes, and economic returns in coriander cultivation.
Evaluation of Traditional Land Dispute Resolution Mechanisms in Liberia
Authors: Mahari Abraham , Kolleh David M. , Kolliemene Genesis S. , Watson Romell
Published: September 2024

Land dispute is ubiquitous in Liberia. Most problems arise from people who squat on land illegally and in some instance sell the same parcel of land to more than one person. Usually, this issue is resolved by traditional land dispute resolution mechanisms. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of the traditional land dispute resolution mechanisms in Liberia by employing an empirical and comparative approach and drawing on data collected from 110 farming households. The nature of the conflict, causes of land dispute, individuals’ characteristics, the mandate of the traditional mediators, the linkage between the legal process and traditional land dispute resolution mechanisms, the forms of the resolution mechanisms, the acceptance of the outcomes, and political and social situations were carefully studied. The findings of this study thus supported the notion that traditional means for resolving land disputes are more efficient than the statutory system. Additionally, it was demonstrated that the traditional and the statutory land dispute resolution mechanisms complement one another. However, there is an indication that land dispute will continue to be the biggest concern in the future as many people have started squatting and exploring open areas throughout the country. This is because the country's land laws and policies are not widely known by the citizens. Thus, policy intervention is needed.
Psychological Burden and Social Stigmatization due to Lymphatic Filariasis in Bunza Local Government Area of Kebbi State, Nigeria
Authors: V.E. Ukatu, , Yauri M.A.
Published: September 2024

Background: Lymphatic filariasis (LF) is associated with both physical and psychological disability. The psychological burden of disability and stigma was not been given proper attention, to the detriment of those affected in the study area. A systematic assessment of the impact of the disease on social life as well as peoples perception and attitudes towards the disease is important for successful implementation of the control programme and prevention of unnecessary suffering and contribute to reduction of poverty.
Aim: This study aimed at assessing the psychological burden and stigmatization status of lymphatic filariasis in Bunza LGA of Kebbi State. The specific objectives of this exploratory study were to assess the community knowledge, attitude and practices about the cause and impact of the disease on the psychological and socio-economic life of the people.
Methods: This study employed a mixed-methods approach, utilizing both quantitative and qualitative techniques through semi-structured questionnaires and interview schedules to gather data from affected and unaffected individuals in the community.
Results: Of the 400 participants (32 affected, 368 unaffected), 97.5% of respondents would not propose marriage to someone with physical disabilities due to LF, yet 59.0% would not divorce their spouse if they contracted LF after marriage. Most of the community and family members 346 (86.5%) would associate with sufferers. Though stigmatization was minimal the psychological impact was deep as affected individuals felt sad (31.3%), shame (25.0%), abnormal (28.1%) and suicidal, 1(3.1%). Many of them (34.4%) believed that it ruins marriage, destroys sexual relationship with partner (62.5%).
Conclusion and Recommendation: While isolation and stigmatization were found to be minimal, the significant psychological burden underscores the need for comprehensive morbidity management, including mental health support, to alleviate the suffering of affected individuals in the community.
Degradation of Emamectin Benzoate in the Aquaculture Pond Environment under Tropical Climatic Condition
Authors: Rajesh Ramesh Babu , Saraswathy Ramamoorthy , Avunje Satheesha , Raja Ramalingam Ananda , Kumararaja Periyamuthu , Patil Prasanna Kumar
Published: September 2024

Emamectin Benzoate (EMB), is an anti-parasitic drug, commonly used in aquaculture for prevention and control of parasitic infestations. The drug enters the environment through uneaten feed and faeces, ultimately accumulating in aquaculture pond sediment. Present study reports the influence of abiotic factors like, sunlight exposure (2,454 to 117,500 lux), pH, salinity and soil texture on the degradation of EMB in aquaculture pond water and sediment as per Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD). Results showed that the degradation of EMB in both water and sediment followed first-order kinetics, resulting in half-life of 5.6 days in water and 12.4 days in sediment when exposed to natural sunlight. Higher degradation of EMB was observed under alkaline conditions (pH 8.5) and at lower salinity (0.5ppt). EMB degradation is accelerated in loamy sand soil when exposed to sunlight. Results of the study suggest that in countries like India, where ample sunlight exposure is prevalent throughout the year, EMB degradation in aquaculture pond environment occurs at a rapid pace reducing the risk of accumulation in water or sediment.
Exploring the Challenges of Future Social Studies Educators in the Age of Industry 4.0
Authors: Soriano Ronie B.
Published: September 2024

In the era of Industry 4.0, technological advancements are not just a supplemental tool but a fundamental component of the new educational landscape. The level of awareness and preparedness towards technological advancements, and the challenges of 239 future social studies educators in the era of Industry 4.0 are explored in this study. It employed a mixed-methods approach, combining quantitative and qualitative research methods, which enabled a comprehensive assessment of the challenges and the level of awareness and preparedness of future social studies educators in the era of Industry 4.0. Findings revealed that future educators are highly aware of technologies like QR codes, AI, and VR but only moderately aware of others like hologram and cloud computing. In terms of preparedness, educators felt moderately prepared for various indicators, with biometrics being the highest-ranked. Significantly, the study reveals a strong positive correlation (P < 0.001) between awareness and preparedness, underscoring the need for robust technological literacy within teacher education programs. Challenges educators face, such as limited technological infrastructure, technical issues, and disparities in technology access, require attention to ensure that future social studies educators are well-equipped for the era of Industry 4.0.
Neuroprotective Effects of Bryophyllum pinnatum against Ketamine-Induced Neurotoxicity in Wistar Rats: Neurochemical, Oxidative Stress, and Histological Investigation
Authors: Uahomo Precious Ojo , Isirima Joshua Charles
Published: September 2024

Background: This study evaluated the neuroprotective effects of Bryophyllum pinnatum (B. pinnatum) in ketamine-induced neurotoxicity in Wistar rats, focusing on neurochemical and oxidative stress markers, as well as histological changes in the hippocampus and cerebral cortex.
Methods: Sixty male Wistar rats were divided into six groups. Group 1 received normal saline (2ml), Group 2 was administered ketamine (20mg/kg), and Group 3 received risperidone (0.5mg/kg). Groups 4, 5, and 6 were treated with B. pinnatum at 50mg/kg, 100mg/kg, and 200mg/kg, respectively for a duration of 21 days after induction of toxicity. Neurochemical markers (dopamine, glutamate, GABA, serotonin, noradrenaline, acetylcholine), oxidative stress markers (GSH, MDA, SOD, CAT, GPx), and histological analysis of brain tissues were evaluated after treatment periods of one, two, and three weeks.
Results: Ketamine administration significantly reduced dopamine, GABA, serotonin, and noradrenaline levels while increasing acetylcholine and glutamate levels (p<0.05). B. pinnatum treatment reversed these effects in a dose-dependent manner, particularly at high doses. Oxidative markers showed reduced GSH and increased MDA levels with ketamine, which B. pinnatum mitigated significantly (p<0.05). Histologically, ketamine caused neuronal degeneration and microstructural distortion in the hippocampus and cerebral cortex, which were markedly reduced by B. pinnatum, especially at 200mg/kg, showing well-preserved neuronal structures.
Conclusion: B. pinnatum demonstrates significant neuroprotective effects against ketamine-induced neurotoxicity by modulating neurochemical and oxidative markers and preserving histological integrity in brain tissues, suggesting its potential therapeutic application in neurotoxic conditions.
Interplay of Light Intensity and Nutrients on Ginger Responses Related to Growth, Yield and Quality of Ginger in Various Cropping Systems: A Retrospective Analysis
Authors: Thakur Hament , Kumar Vijay
Published: September 2024

Ginger is an important crop belonging to the Zingiberaceae family. It is grown for its rhizomes, which are vitally important in the food and spice sectors as well as in the pharmaceutical and perfumery industries as a therapeutic herb. Its cultivation has been greatly expanded in several nations, particularly India, as it is a lucrative crop. The majority of ginger is produced and exported from India. Since ginger can withstand partial shade, it is a good choice for intercropping in several cropping systems, mainly for agroforestry systems. The effect of light intensity, as well as how they interact with nutrients to affect crop performance in terms of growth and development, production and quality is crucial for achieving maximum yield. However, the relationship between the growing environment and nutrient management which affect the elements that govern its growth, development and quality is not well understood. It is crucial to comprehend the proper amount of nutrients to apply in an intercropping system in order to minimise wastage since the intercrop may potentially interact with the main crop for nutrients and other inputs. Therefore, it is worthwhile to undertake the current literature study to learn how ginger responds to the stimulus of nutrients and varying light intensities in diverse cropping systems. From this, it can be inferred that ginger grown under partial shade in various cropping systems, can be a very profitable spice crop with superior yield and quality rhizomes.
Advances and Challenges in Pest Management for Protected Cultivation in India: Integrative Approaches and Future Prospects
Authors: S. M. Kishore , K. S. Shalini , M. S. Sachin , Saini Ankit , K. Nithiya Sudharsanan , M.V Niranjana , Sowmya K. , S. M Bharthisha
Published: September 2024

Poly house farming in India has transformed agriculture by enabling year-round crop production and protecting crops from adverse weather. However, the controlled environment of poly houses represents unique challenges in pest management, making it crucial to implement effective strategies to maintain crop health and yield. Integrated Pest Management (IPM) offers a comprehensive approach that combines cultural, biological and chemical practices to control pests while minimizing environmental impact. The advantages of protected cultivation include increased productivity, improved produce quality and efficient resource utilization. Despite these benefits, poly house farming faces limitations such as high initial costs, the need for meticulous planning and ongoing crop protection requirements. Pest identification is vital for effective management, as misidentification can lead to inappropriate control measures. Common pests in poly houses include insects, slugs, mites, nematodes, pathogens and weeds. Pest monitoring strategies such as scouting, using monitoring tools and record-keeping are essential for timely and effective management interventions. Management strategies encompass physical, biological and chemical methods. Physical approaches include the use of sticky and pheromone traps, while biological control involves the release of natural predators and entomopathogens. Chemical management involves both biorational pesticides and conventional chemicals, with IPM emphasizing the integration of these methods to reduce reliance on harmful chemicals. Preventive measures like insect-proof screens and soil solarization, along with curative measures and advanced technologies like video camera networks and decision support systems, are pivotal for effective pest control. Future prospects include improving technology standards, enhancing computerized control systems, and fostering research and government support to advance protected cultivation in India.
Ectopic Sweating Treated with Botulinum Toxin after Vapocoolant Spray
Authors: Kim Won Oak
Published: September 2024

Hyperhidrosis is most often characterized by excessive sweating of the axillae, palms, soles, and craniofacial area. BTX-A injections for the treatment of hyperhidrosis have shown good results in the afflicted areas. However, few studies have reported on the effects of the use of BTX-A injections using vapocoolant spray combined vibration techniques in the facial area, perianal and groin area, or scrotum. BTX-A 0.8 units/0.1 mL and 2 units/0.1 mL were injected in these region, respectively, using a 33G needle. As a result, sweating was significantly reduced in all patients. Side effects observed with this treatment modality consisted of local bleeding and tolerable to mild pain during injection.
Actuation Drones in Agriculture: Advancing Precision Pest Management through Biocontrol and Modern Techniques
Authors: Gundreddy Raja Reddy , Alekhya Gunturi , E Vidya Madhuri , BV Jayanth, , Darjee Sibananda , M Shashikala, , Reddy B. Thirupam , Gaddam Nikitha Reddy
Published: September 2024

As global food demand surges, agricultural technology is essential for addressing challenges like environmental degradation, pollution, and water scarcity. Drones, or Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs), present a promising solution for precision agriculture by providing real-time, accurate data that enhances decision-making in crop management. In pest control, drones offer targeted delivery of natural enemies and biopesticides, improving efficiency and reducing reliance on chemical pesticides. This precision can lead to increased crop yields, reduced environmental impact, and improved livelihoods for farmers by lowering operational costs and optimizing resource use. Despite their potential, adopting drone technology in agriculture faces regulatory challenges, such as the need for certifications, flight restrictions, and operational guidelines. Addressing these regulatory hurdles is crucial for broader implementation. Moreover, collaboration among stakeholders—including researchers, policymakers, agricultural extension workers, and industry players—is vital for advancing drone-assisted pest management and ensuring its practical adoption in diverse farming environments. As we navigate these challenges, actuation drones hold immense promise for transforming pest management practices globally, contributing to sustainable agriculture and enhanced food security. Further research, development, and stakeholder engagement are necessary to fully realize the potential of drones in integrated pest management (IPM) systems.
Effect of Tillage Practices and Hydrogel Applications on Yield and Yield Attributing Traits of Maize (Zea mays L.) over the Years
Authors: E Rajanikanth , G Manjulatha, , D Sravani , G Usharani , Jat SL , Singh AK
Published: September 2024

This study investigated the effects of different tillage practices and hydrogel applications on maize yield in sandy loam soils at the Agricultural Research Station, Karimnagar, PJTSAU, Telangana state over a period of four years (2015-2018) during the Kharif season. The experiment was designed as a split plot with four main treatments i.e., Conventional tillage (CT), Conventional tillage with residue mulching (4 t/ha), Zero tillage (ZT) and Zero tillage with residue mulching (4 t/ha). These were combined with three sub-treatments involving hydrogel application i.e., Control (no hydrogel), Hydrogel at 2.5 kg/ha and Hydrogel at 5.0 kg/ha. The study was replicated three times to ensure reliability of the results. The combination of zero tillage with residue mulching yielded the highest maize grain yield (4435 kg/ha). This suggests that this practice is more effective in retaining soil moisture, which is critical under rainfed conditions. The addition of hydrogel, regardless of the rate (2.5 kg/ha or 5.0 kg/ha), did not lead to any significant improvement in maize yield. The use of zero tillage combined with residue mulching is beneficial for maize production in sandy loam soils under rainfed conditions, primarily due to enhanced moisture retention. However, hydrogel application did not provide any additional yield benefits in this context.
An Assessment of Hepatoprotective Activity of Glycyrrhiza glabra Root Extract against Hepatic Injured Rodent Model
Authors: Barai Sampa , Tabassum Tahsina , Mamun Abdullah Al , Sagir Shabira , Toha Ikram Wahid
Published: September 2024

Hepatotoxicity, or liver damage, is caused by hepatotoxins, which can originate from chemicals, dietary supplements, prescription drugs, and medicinal plants. Nowadays, medicinal and aromatic plants are excellent resources for creating novel drugs and curing both psychological and physical illnesses. Given this, licorice, a perennial herb, rich in properties of potential health advantages have been investigated with CCl4 induced hepatic injury on the rodent model to assess its hepatoprotective potential. The study results demonstrated an altered hepatic condition with reduced CCl4 concentration in the liver. The study results show a significant (p<0.05) decrease only at high dosages in SGPT, creatinine level, and total body cholesterol whereas, for low and medium doses, non-significant alleviations were noticed in a dose-dependent manner when compared with the negative control group. Besides, SGOT, urea, LDL, and triglyceride levels were observed with a dose-dependent and non-significant decrease compared to the negative control group. Consequently, more research is required to properly use licorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra) as a less hazardous and more effective substitute for synthetic medications in the field of hepatotoxic therapy, given that it has been found to have potential hepatoprotective properties against hepatotoxicity in this study.
Dynamic fault weakening and strengthening by gouge compaction and dilatancy in a fluid‐saturated fault zone
Authors: Hirakawa Evan , Ma Shuo
Published: July 2016

Fault gouge deformation likely plays a significant role in controlling the strength of mature, large‐displacement faults. Experiments show that intact gouge deforms in an overall ductile and stable manner, readily compacting, but dilates and experiences brittle failure under large strain rate. Inelastic gouge compaction and dilatancy are modeled here using a combined Mohr‐Coulomb and end‐cap yield criterion in a dynamic rupture model of a strike‐slip fault with strongly velocity‐weakening friction. We show that large shear stress concentration ahead of the rupture associated with the rupture front causes the gouge layer to compact (e.g., by structural collapse and comminution), leading to rapidly elevated pore pressure and significant weakening of the principal fault surface. Shortly after the rupture front passes, strong dilatancy during strength drop and rapid sliding reduces pore pressure and strengthens the fault, promoting slip pulses. Large strain localization in the gouge layer occurs as a result of rapid gouge dilatancy and strain softening. The combination of prerupture weakening from compaction and restrengthening from dilatancy hardening leads to a smaller‐strength drop, and limits the stress concentration outside the gouge layer. This leads to a reduction of inelastic shear strain in the damage zone, which is more consistent with geological observations and high‐speed frictional experiments. With the presence of well‐developed fault gouge, the strength of mature faults may be limited by end‐cap rather than Mohr‐Coulomb failure; thus, their frictional strengths are significantly smaller than Byerlee friction.
Modeling tsunami observations to evaluate a proposed late tsunami earthquake stage for the 16 September 2015 Illapel, Chile, Mw 8.3 earthquake
Authors: Lay Thorne , Li Linyan , Cheung Kwok Fai
Published: July 2016

Resolving seaward extent of slip during great subduction zone interplate ruptures using land‐based seismological and geodetic observations is challenging. Modeling of tsunami recordings from ocean‐bottom pressure sensors of the Deep‐ocean Assessment and Reporting of Tsunami (DART) network has added valuable constraints on near‐trench slip for recent events. We use DART and tide gauge recordings to evaluate a proposed seismological scenario involving a late Mw 8.08 tsunami earthquake following the ~95 s long main rupture stage of the 16 September 2015 Illapel, Chile, Mw 8.3 earthquake. Tsunami observations constrain the spatial extent of any late tsunami earthquake slip to locate north of the main shock hypocenter. The proposed late shallow slip predicts tsunami signals with considerable amplitudes but shorter wavelengths compared to those of the main stage slip constrained by joint seismic and tsunami modeling, yielding overprediction of first‐arrival amplitudes at DART and tide gauge stations when the two stages are combined.
Van Allen Probes observations of magnetic field dipolarization and its associated O+ flux variations in the inner magnetosphere at L < 6.6
Authors: Nosé M. , Keika K. , Kletzing C. A. , Spence H. E. , Smith C. W. , MacDowall R. J. , Reeves G. D. , Larsen B. A. , Mitchell D. G.
Published: July 2016

We investigate the magnetic field dipolarization in the inner magnetosphere and its associated ion flux variations, using the magnetic field and energetic ion flux data acquired by the Van Allen Probes. From a study of 74 events that appeared at L = 4.5–6.6 between 1 October 2012 and 31 October 2013, we reveal the following characteristics of the dipolarization in the inner magnetosphere: (1) its time scale is approximately 5 min; (2) it is accompanied by strong magnetic fluctuations that have a dominant frequency close to the O+ gyrofrequency; (3) ion fluxes at 20–50 keV are simultaneously enhanced with larger magnitudes for O+ than for H+; (4) after a few minutes of the dipolarization, the flux enhancement at 0.1–5 keV appears with a clear energy‐dispersion signature only for O+; and (5) the energy‐dispersed O+ flux enhancement appears in directions parallel or antiparallel to the magnetic field. From these characteristics, we discuss possible mechanisms that can provide selective acceleration to O+ ions at >20 keV. We conclude that O+ ions at L = 5.4–6.6 undergo nonadiabatic local acceleration caused by oscillating electric field associated with the magnetic fluctuations and/or adiabatic convective transport from the plasma sheet to the inner magnetosphere by the impulsive electric field. At L = 4.5–5.4, however, only the former acceleration is plausible. We also conclude that the field‐aligned energy‐dispersed O+ ions at 0.1–5 keV originate from the ionosphere and are extracted nearly simultaneously to the onset of the dipolarization.
Assessment of IRI and IRI‐Plas models over the African equatorial and low‐latitude region
Authors: Adebiyi S. J. , Adimula I. A. , Oladipo O. A. , Joshua B. W.
Published: July 2016

A reliable ionospheric specification by empirical models is important to mitigate the effects of the ionosphere on the operations of satellite‐based positioning and navigation systems. This study evaluates the capability of the International Reference Ionosphere (IRI) and IRI extended to the plasmasphere (IRI‐Plas) models in predicting the total electron content (TEC) over stations located in the southern hemisphere of the African equatorial and low‐latitude region. TEC derived from Global Positioning System (GPS) measurements were compared with TEC predicted by both the IRI‐Plas 2015 model and the three topside options of the IRI 2012 model (i.e., NeQuick (NeQ), IRI 2001 corrected factor (IRI‐01 Corr), and the IRI 2001(IRI‐01)). Generally, the diurnal and the seasonal structures of modeled TEC follow quite well with the observed TEC in all the stations, although with some upward and downward offsets observed during the daytime and nighttime. The prediction errors of both models exhibit latitudinal variation and these showed seasonal trends. The values generally decrease with increase in latitude. The TEC data‐model divergence of both models is most significant at stations in the equatorial region during the daytime and nighttime. Conversely, both models demonstrate most pronounced convergence during the nighttime at stations outside the equatorial region. The IRI‐Plas model, in general, performed better in months and seasons when the three options of the IRI model underestimate TEC. Factors such as the height limitation of the IRI model, the inaccurate predictions of the bottomside and topside electron density profiles were used to explain the data‐model discrepancies.
Precipitation variability and response to changing climatic condition in the Yarlung Tsangpo River basin, China
Authors: Sang Yan‐Fang , Singh Vijay P. , Gong Tongliang , Xu Kang , Sun Fubao , Liu Changming , Liu Wenbin , Chen Ruizhi
Published: July 2016

Hydroclimatic process in the Yarlung Tsangpo River (YTR) basin, a sensitive area to climate change, is obviously changing during recent years, but there has limited understanding about it. In this study, we investigated the spatiotemporal variation of precipitation over last four decades in the basin and the impact thereon of the changing Indian summer monsoon at interannual and decadal time scales. All the precipitation series have similar scaling behavior, reflecting similar climatic regime throughout the basin. However, the effect of the Indian monsoon strengthens from the downstream to upstream, causing spatial variability in the seasonal distribution of precipitation, and on this basis, the YTR basin is roughly divided into three regions: east, middle, and west. Both the occurrence times and magnitude of precipitation extremes, ranging 25–50 mm/d, are exhibiting downward trends over the last four decades, which bodes well for water disaster controls in the basin. The Indian summer monsoon index, as an intensity indicator for the Indian summer monsoon, shows a positive relationship with the summer precipitation in the YTR basin. Periodic variability of the Indian monsoon determines the interannual nonstationary fluctuations of precipitation. Especially, the weakening effect of the Indian summer monsoon has caused an obvious decrease in precipitation over the rainy season after 1998. If the Indian summer monsoon keeps weakening, the precipitation would decrease and potentially water shortage would become more severe in the basin. Effective adaptation strategy should therefore be developed proactively to handle the unfavorable water situation, which is likely to occur in the future.
Direct Demonstration of a Magnetic Dead Layer Resulting from A‐Site Cation Inhomogeneity in a (La,Sr)MnO3 Epitaxial Film System
Authors: Jin Lei , Jia Chun‐Lin , Lindfors‐Vrejoiu Ionela , Zhong Xiaoyan , Du Hongchu , Dunin‐Borkowski Rafal E.
Published: July 2016

The degradation of the functional properties of epitaxial oxide films and the performance of related devices have often been attributed to the presence of so‐called interfacial “dead layers”. Extensive efforts have been made to understand the origin of such dead layers and to avoid their formation. However, the results of these efforts have not been fully satisfactory, largely as a result of the complex origin of dead layers. Here, the dead layer is studied in a sample that contains hillocks of nominally La0.7Sr0.3MnO3 (LSMO) sandwiched between a ferroelectric PbTiO3 film and a Nb‐doped SrTiO3 substrate using aberration‐corrected (scanning) transmission electron microscopy, nanobeam electron magnetic circular dichroism spectroscopy, and related techniques. The results here reveal the presence of a 5 nm thick layer in the LSMO hillocks, close to the LSMO/Nb‐SrTiO3 interface, which exhibits distinct structural and physical properties. The atomic, electronic, and magnetic structures and local chemistry of the interfacial layer are determined. It is found that octahedral rotations are suppressed in ultrathin regions at the edges of the hillocks, providing evidence for a strong effect of the adjacent Nb‐SrTiO3 and PbTiO3. The formation of the dead layer is discussed in the light of lattice strain and valence changes of Mn ions.
Recent Advances in the Synthesis and Application of Two‐Dimensional Zeolites
Authors: Xu Le , Sun Junliang
Published: July 2016

Two‐dimensional (2D) zeolites, originating from lamellar precursors, are a special kind of porous materials, in which crystalline zeolite nanolayers are weakly assembled in one particular direction. As there is no covalent‐bond between layers, the stacking sequences could be manipulated and possibly controlled to derive a family of zeolitic materials with structural diversity. The research on 2D zeolites arises from the primary casual discovery during traditional hydrothermal synthesis, which is followed by appropriate postsynthetic modifications to produce hierarchical lamellar zeolites. Recently, this area has experienced a remarkable evolution, which is highlighted by the rational synthesis of zeolite nanosheets by adopting a family of bifunctional surfactants and novel 3D zeolites through the “Assembly‐Disassembly‐Organization‐Reassembly” (ADOR) mechanism. Particularly, the direct construction of hierarchical lamellar zeolites with bifunctional surfactant is promising for industrial catalysis. Besides, an innovative top‐down method has demonstrated to be effective to produce novel types of 2D zeolites. Novel or even unfeasible zeolite topologies could be constructed by organizing and reassembling of the resulting layers. Here, the most attractive points achieved in the field of 2D zeolites are summarized, and the challenges and opportunities of zeolite chemistry associated with this type of porous materials are also proposed.
Biocultural research in global mental health: mapping idioms of distress onto blood pressure in a population survey
Authors: Sancilio Amelia , Eggerman Mark , Panter‐Brick Catherine
Published: July 2016

Objectives

Biocultural research remains a challenge in the field of global mental health. We sought to test associations between blood pressure and idioms of distress in a population survey.

Methods

We drew on a randomly selected sample of 991 adults (498 men, 493 women) in Afghanistan, for whom physiological and psychosocial data were systematically collected. Assessment of mental health (Self‐Reported Questionnaire, Afghan Symptom Checklist) included conceptualizations of distress related to pressure (fishar), anxiety, and dysphoria, as well as dimensions of negative affect and aggression. We used principal component analysis to map survey responses to fishar, and multiple regressions to examine associations with systolic/diastolic blood pressure, controlling for age, body mass index, and wealth, and differentiating by gender, mental health, and medication.

Results

The Afghan sample averaged 129/80 mmHg, with 27.14% of hypertensive individuals. SBP showed inverse associations with reports of low fishar (β = −4.58, P < .001) and high fishar (β = 6.90, P < .001), as did DPB with low fishar (β = −1.55, P < .001) and high fishar (β = 3.77, P < .001). Low and high fishar responses accounted for substantial proportions of SBP data variation (R2 = 20% and R2 = 24%), especially in adults on blood pressure medication (R2 = 58% and R2 = 49%).

Conclusions

Subjective reports of fishar map onto physiological blood pressure more robustly than other conceptualizations of mental distress related to anxiety, dysphoria, negative affect, or aggression. Our results point to the utility of mapping biological and cultural measures of stress and distress, advancing biopsychosocial understandings of wellbeing in global mental health surveys.
Synthesis of Tetrazino‐tetrazine 1,3,6,8‐Tetraoxide (TTTO)
Authors: Klenov Michael S. , Guskov Alexey A. , Anikin Oleg V. , Churakov Aleksandr M. , Strelenko Yurii A. , Fedyanin Ivan V. , Lyssenko Konstantin A. , Tartakovsky Vladimir A.
Published: July 2016

This study presents the first synthesis and characterization of a new high energy compound [1,2,3,4]tetrazino[5,6‐e][1,2,3,4]tetrazine 1,3,6,8‐tetraoxide (TTTO). It was synthesized in ten steps from 2,2‐bis(tert‐butyl‐NNO‐azoxy)acetonitrile. The synthetic strategy was based on the sequential closure of two 1,2,3,4‐tetrazine 1,3‐dioxide rings by the generation of oxodiazonium ions and their intramolecular coupling with tert‐butyl‐NNO‐azoxy groups. The TTTO structure was confirmed by single‐crystal X‐ray.