bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sentiment Analysis of Twitter Data
Authors: Srivastava Ankit , Singh Vijendra , Drall Gurdeep Singh
Published: January 2019

Over the past few years, the novel appeal and increasing popularity of social networks as a medium for users to express their opinions and views have created an accumulation of a massive amount of data. This evolving mountain of data is commonly termed Big Data. Accordingly, one area in which the application of new techniques in data mining research has significant potential to achieve more precise classification of hidden knowledge in Big Data is sentiment analysis (aka optimal mining). A hybrid approach using Naïve Bayes and Random Forest on mining Twitter datasets is presented here as an extension of previous work. Briefly, relevant data sets are collected from Twitter using Twitter API; then, use of the hybrid methodology is illustrated and evaluated against one with only Naïve Bayes classifier. Results show better accuracy and efficiency in the sentiment classification for the hybrid approach.
A Hybrid Deep Learning and Handcrafted Feature Approach for Cervical Cancer Digital Histology Image Classification
Authors: AlMubarak Haidar A , Stanley Joe , Guo Peng , Long Rodney , Antani Sameer , Thoma George , Zuna Rosemary , Frazier Shelliane , Stoecker William
Published: January 2019

Cervical cancer is the second most common cancer affecting women worldwide but is curable if diagnosed early. Routinely, expert pathologists visually examine histology slides for assessing cervix tissue abnormalities. A localized, fusion-based, hybrid imaging and deep learning approach is explored to classify squamous epithelium into cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) grades for a dataset of 83 digitized histology images. Partitioning the epithelium region into 10 vertical segments, 27 handcrafted image features and rectangular patch, sliding window-based convolutional neural network features are computed for each segment. The imaging and deep learning patch features are combined and used as inputs to a secondary classifier for individual segment and whole epithelium classification. The hybrid method achieved a 15.51% and 11.66% improvement over the deep learning and imaging approaches alone, respectively, with a 80.72% whole epithelium CIN classification accuracy, showing the enhanced epithelium CIN classification potential of fusing image and deep learning features.
Segmentation Free Word Spotting for Handwritten Documents Using Bag of Visual Words Based on Co-HOG Descriptor
Authors: Thontadari C.  , Prabhakar C. J.
Published: January 2019

In this article, the authors propose a segmentation-free word spotting in handwritten document images using a Bag of Visual Words (BoVW) framework based on the co-occurrence histogram of oriented gradient (Co-HOG) descriptor. Initially, the handwritten document is represented using visual word vectors which are obtained based on the frequency of occurrence of Co-HOG descriptor within local patches of the document. The visual word representation vector does not consider their spatial location and spatial information helps to determine a location exclusively with visual information when the different location can be perceived as the same. Hence, to add spatial distribution information of visual words into the unstructured BoVW framework, the authors adopted spatial pyramid matching (SPM) technique. The performance of the proposed method evaluated using popular datasets and it is confirmed that the authors' method outperforms existing segmentation free word spotting techniques.
When Things Go Right in Disasters
Authors: Gudi Arvind , Xia Weidong , Becerra-Fernandez Irma
Published: January 2019

Since emergency management tasks are complex and knowledge intensive, task performance is dependent on the dynamic interplays among task characteristics, the type of knowledge involved and the ways in which such knowledge is effectively integrated. Based on literature reviews, extensive field observations and a survey of emergency managers involved in a large emergency operations center (EOC) in the southeast region of the US, the authors test a set of research hypotheses that depict the moderating role of knowledge specificity on the relationship between task complexity and task performance, and between knowledge integration and task performance. The authors conceptualize two dimensions of task complexity: components and interactive complexity. Two types of specific knowledge, discipline-specific and context-specific knowledge, are measured. The results indicate that the two task complexity dimensions negatively affect task performance, knowledge integration positively affects task performance, and these relationships are moderated by the type of specific knowledge that is used.
A Multicriteria Group Decision Support System
Authors: Hamdani Nesrine , Hamdadou Djamila
Published: January 2019

In the present study, the authors propose a group decision support system (Web-GDSS), which allows multi-agents systems and multicriteria analysis systems to help decision-makers in order to obtain a collective decision, using web services. The proposed system operates on two main stages. First, decision-makers are in a different location away from each other. They must store their location in databases and invoke the appropriate web service. Second, in the case of negotiation between decision-makers, monotonic concession protocol will lead to an agreement using CONDORCET and BORDA voting methods.
Scalable l-Diversity
Authors: Rao Udai Pratap , Mehta Brijesh B. , Kumar Nikhil
Published: January 2019

Privacy preserving data publishing is one of the most demanding research areas in the recent few years. There are more than billions of devices capable to collect the data from various sources. To preserve the privacy while publishing data, algorithms for equivalence class generation and scalable anonymization with k-anonymity and l-diversity using MapReduce programming paradigm are proposed in this article. Equivalence class generation algorithms divide the datasets into equivalence classes for Scalable k-Anonymity (SKA) and Scalable l-Diversity (SLD) separately. These equivalence classes are finally fed to the anonymization algorithm that calculates the Gross Cost Penalty (GCP) for the complete dataset. The value of GCP gives information loss in input dataset after anonymization.
A Novel Scalable Signature Based Subspace Clustering Approach for Big Data
Authors: Gayathri T. , Bhaskari D. Lalitha
Published: January 2019

“Big data” as the name suggests is a collection of large and complicated data sets which are usually hard to process with on-hand data management tools or other conventional processing applications. A scalable signature based subspace clustering approach is presented in this article that would avoid identification of redundant clusters. Various distance measures are utilized to perform experiments that validate the performance of the proposed algorithm. Also, for the same purpose of validation, the synthetic data sets that are chosen have different dimensions, and their size will be distributed when opened with Weka. The F1 quality measure and the runtime of these synthetic data sets are computed. The performance of the proposed algorithm is compared with other existing clustering algorithms such as CLIQUE.INSCY and SUNCLU.
Multiple Knockout of Classical HLA Class II β-Chains by CRISPR/Cas9 Genome Editing Driven by a Single Guide RNA
Authors: Crivello Pietro , Ahci Müberra , Maaßen Fabienne , Wossidlo Natalie , Arrieta-Bolaños Esteban , Heinold Andreas , Lange Vinzenz , Falkenburg J. H. Frederik , Horn Peter A. , Fleischhauer Katharina , Heinrichs Stefan
Published: January 2019

Comprehensive knockout of HLA class II (HLA-II) β-chain genes is complicated by their high polymorphism. In this study, we developed CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing to simultaneously target HLA-DRB, -DQB1, and -DPB1 through a single guide RNA recognizing a conserved region in exon 2. Abrogation of HLA-II surface expression was achieved in five different HLA-typed, human EBV-transformed B lymphoblastoid cell lines (BLCLs). Next-generation sequencing–based detection confirmed specific genomic insertion/deletion mutations with 99.5% penetrance in sorted cells for all three loci. No alterations were observed in HLA-I genes, the HLA-II peptide editor HLA-DMB, or its antagonist HLA-DOB, showing high on-target specificity. Transfection of full-length HLA-DPB1 mRNA into knockout BLCLs fully restored HLA-DP surface expression and recognition by alloreactive human CD4 T cells. The possibility to generate single HLA-II–expressing BLCLs by one-shot genome editing opens unprecedented opportunities for mechanistically dissecting the interaction of individual HLA variants with the immune system.
Hydroxylase Inhibition Selectively Induces Cell Death in Monocytes
Authors: Crifo Bianca , Schaible Bettina , Brown Eric , Halligan Doug N. , Scholz Carsten C. , Fitzpatrick Susan F. , Kirwan Anna , Roche Helen M. , Criscuoli Mattia , Naldini Antonella , Giffney Hugh , Crean Daniel , Blanco Alfonso , Cavadas Miguel A. , Cummins Eoin P. , Fabian Zsolt , Taylor Cormac T.
Published: January 2019

Hypoxia is a common and prominent feature of the microenvironment at sites of bacteria-associated inflammation in inflammatory bowel disease. The prolyl-hydroxylases (PHD1/2/3) and the asparaginyl-hydroxylase factor-inhibiting HIF are oxygen-sensing enzymes that regulate adaptive responses to hypoxia through controlling the activity of HIF and NF-κB–dependent transcriptional pathways. Previous studies have demonstrated that the pan-hydroxylase inhibitor dimethyloxalylglycine (DMOG) is effective in the alleviation of inflammation in preclinical models of inflammatory bowel disease, at least in part, through suppression of IL-1β–induced NF-κB activity. TLR-dependent signaling in immune cells, such as monocytes, which is important in bacteria-driven inflammation, shares a signaling pathway with IL-1β. In studies into the effect of pharmacologic hydroxylase inhibition on TLR-induced inflammation in monocytes, we found that DMOG selectively triggers cell death in cultured THP-1 cells and primary human monocytes at concentrations well tolerated in other cell types. DMOG-induced apoptosis was independent of increased caspase-3/7 activity but was accompanied by reduced expression of the inhibitor of apoptosis protein 1 (cIAP1). Based on these data, we hypothesize that pharmacologic inhibition of the HIF-hydroxylases selectively targets monocytes for cell death and that this may contribute to the anti-inflammatory activity of HIF-hydroxylase inhibitors.
IL-22–Independent Protection from Colitis in the Absence of Nkx2.3 Transcription Factor in Mice
Authors: Kellermayer Zoltán , Vojkovics Dóra , Dakah Tareq Abu , Bodó Kornélia , Botz Bálint , Helyes Zsuzsanna , Berta Gergely , Kajtár Béla , Schippers Angela , Wagner Norbert , Scotto Luigi , O’Connor Owen A. , Arnold Hans-Henning , Balogh Péter
Published: January 2019

The transcription factor Nkx2.3 regulates the vascular specification of Peyer patches in mice through determining endothelial addressin preference and may function as a susceptibility factor in inflammatory bowel diseases in humans. We wished to analyze the role of Nkx2.3 in colonic solitary intestinal lymphoid tissue composition and in colitis pathogenesis. We studied the colonic solitary intestinal lymphoid tissue of Nkx2.3-deficient mice with immunofluorescence and flow cytometry. Colitis was induced in mice using 2.5% dextran sodium sulfate, and severity was assessed with histology, flow cytometry, and quantitative PCR. We found that the lack of Nkx2.3 impairs maturation of isolated lymphoid follicles and attenuates dextran sodium sulfate–induced colitis independent of endothelial absence of mucosal addressin cell-adhesion molecule-1 (MAdCAM-1), which was also coupled with enhanced colonic epithelial regeneration. Although we observed increased numbers of group 3 innate lymphoid cells and Th17 cells and enhanced transcription of IL-22, Ab-mediated neutralization of IL-22 did not abolish the protection from colitis in Nkx2.3-deficient mice. Nkx2.3−/− hematopoietic cells could not rescue wild-type mice from colitis. Using LacZ-Nkx2.3 reporter mice, we found that Nkx2.3 expression was restricted to VAP-1+ myofibroblast-like pericryptal cells. These results hint at a previously unknown stromal role of Nkx2.3 as driver of colitis and indicate that Nkx2.3+ stromal cells play a role in epithelial cell homeostasis.
Treatment of Borrelia burgdorferi–Infected Mice with Apoptotic Cells Attenuates Lyme Arthritis via PPAR-γ
Authors: Hilliard Kinsey A. , Brown Charles R.
Published: January 2019

Infection of mice with Borrelia burgdorferi causes an inflammatory arthritis that peaks 3–4 wk postinfection and then spontaneously resolves. Although the recruitment of neutrophils is known to drive the development of arthritis, mechanisms of disease resolution remain unclear. Efficient clearance of apoptotic cells (AC) is likely an important component of arthritis resolution. In this article, we show the number of AC increases in the joints of B. burgdorferi–infected mice around day 21 postinfection and peaks around day 28. Injection of AC directly into the ankles of B. burgdorferi–infected mice limited ankle swelling but had no effect on spirochete clearance or arthritis severity scores. In vitro, addition of AC to bone marrow macrophage cultures decreased B. burgdorferi–induced TNF-α and KC and increased IL-10. In addition, phagocytosis of B. burgdorferi and neutrophil migration to LTB4 were inhibited by AC. Exogenous AC caused an increase in peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPAR-γ) expression both in vitro and in vivo during B. burgdorferi infection. The PPAR-γ agonist rosiglitazone elicited similar changes in macrophage cytokine production and neutrophil migration as exogenous AC. Addition of the PPAR-γ antagonist GW 9662 abrogated the effects of AC in vitro. Injection of rosiglitazone directly into the tibiotarsal joints of B. burgdorferi–infected mice decreased ankle swelling and immune cell recruitment, similar to the injection of AC. These results suggest that clearance of AC plays a role in the resolution of inflammation during experimental Lyme arthritis through the activation of PPAR-γ. PPAR-γ agonists, such as rosiglitazone, may therefore be effective treatments for inducing arthritis resolution.
Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase production among K. pneumoniae isolates and its concern on antibiotic susceptibility
Authors: Shahi Azam , Hasani Alka , Ahangarzadeh Rezaee Mohammad , Asghari Jafarabadi Mohammad , Hasani Akbar , Kafil Hossein Samadi , Yosef Memar Mohammad , Soltani Elgar
Published: January 2019

The emergence of Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase (KPC) resistance has led to the countdown of activity of carbapenems, which were considered as drugs of last resort for infections caused by Enterobacteriaceae. The aims of the present study were the detection of KPC-production among K. pneumoniae isolates, select the appropriate method for its detection and assess the consequence of KPC production on the antibiotics susceptibility. One hundred and four non-duplicated K. pneumoniae isolates were collected from University teaching hospitals of Tabriz, Iran. The disk diffusion, E-test, and Modified Hodge test were performed for the determination of antibiotic susceptibility pattern, Minimum Inhibitory Concentrations (MICs) determination and the production of carbapenemase, respectively. BlaKPC-2 gene was detected by using PCR. High levels of resistance were observed towards co-trimoxazole (69.2%), followed by cefazolin (66.3%), ceftriaxone (65.4%), ofloxacin and ciprofloxacin (54.8%), gentamicin (50%), and amikacin (39.4%). According to the disk diffusion method, the frequency of imipenem and meropenem resistance was 31.7% and 32.7%, respectively. Colistin was the most effective antibiotic among panels of antibiotics tested. Imipenem MICs range, MIC50 and MIC90 were 0.19-32 μg/ml, 4 μg/ml, and 16 μg/ml, respectively. Modified Hodge test was positive in 24 (63.2%) isolate however, blaKPC-2 gene was detected in 8 (21.1%) carbapenem- resistant isolates. Results of the present study revealed a high rate of carbapenem- resistance in K. pneumoniae by phenotypic method, however the presence of one of the molecular, namely blaKPC-2 was not found as predominant cause. Therefore, their reliable detection should be the first priority to combat the infections. Being a simple test, the imipenem disk diffusion could be considered as an appropriate method for the detection of carbapenem-resistant isolates in the routine diagnosis.
Challenges in paediatric neurosurgery
Authors: Ganjoo Pragati
Published: January 2019

Improvements in technique, knowledge and expertise have brought about rapid advances in the fields of paediatric neurosurgery and anaesthesia, and many procedures limited earlier to adults are now being increasingly attempted in neonates and small children, with good outcomes. This article highlights the challenges faced by the operating team while handling some of the technically complex procedures like awake craniotomy, interventional neuroradiology, minimally invasive neurosurgery, procedures in intraoperative magnetic resonance imaging suites, and neonatal emergencies in the paediatric population.
The incidence and effect of coagulopathy on short-term outcomes in patients undergoing craniotomy following traumatic brain injury
Authors: Bansal Sonia , Surve Rohini , Rao Madhusudhan , Narayan Bhadri , Philip Mariamma , Sampath S.
Published: January 2019

Background: Coagulopathy in isolated traumatic brain injury (TBI) is well-known, and studies have found an association between coagulopathy and unfavourable outcomes. This study was conducted to determine the incidence and causes of coagulopathy in patients with TBI undergoing craniotomy and its effect on post-operative outcome. Materials and Methods: The data collected was demographics, computed tomography diagnosis, post-resuscitation Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score, pre- and post-operative platelet count, liver function tests, intraoperative blood loss and transfusion, fluids infused and incidence of redo surgery. Point of care (Coaguchek XS) monitor was used to obtain prothrombin time and international normalised ratio (INR) at 24 h and 72 h of injury. Coagulopathy was defined as INR ≥1.3 and thrombocytopenia as platelet count ≤100,000/mcL. Outcome measures assessed were the length of hospital stay, GCS at discharge and in-hospital mortality. Results: In 166 patients, the average pre-operative GCS was 8.8 ± 3.6. The incidence of coagulopathy was 42.8% and increased to 55.6% on the 3rd day, and thrombocytopenia from 3.5% in the first 24 h increased to 14.7% at 72 h. Patients with coagulopathy had lower pre-operative admission GCS (median 7 vs. 9, P = 0.03), greater intraoperative blood loss and received more intravenous fluids. There was no difference in the incidence of post-operative haematomas, length of hospital stay and GCS at discharge or mortality. Conclusion: In patients with TBI, the incidence of coagulopathy increased at the end of 72 h. In this study, there was no difference in outcomes in patients who underwent craniotomy with deranged coagulation.
Comparative evaluation of morphine and fentanyl for emergence following supratentorial craniotomy
Authors: Bhagat Hemant , Sahni Neeru , Bhukal Ishwar , Khanna Puneet , Bastola Priska , Bithal Parmod , Dash Hari
Published: January 2019

Background: The emergence from anaesthesia is a very crucial aspect in neurosurgical patients due to the need for evaluation of neurological status in the immediate post-operative period. The present study evaluates the emergence characteristics following administration of morphine as compared to shorter-acting opioid, fentanyl in patients undergoing supratentorial craniotomy. Methods: A total of 84 patients were included in the study. The patients either received morphine 0.1 mg/kg before induction or fentanyl 2 mcg/kg body weight at induction, 1 mcg/kg before skin incision and at the beginning of dural closure. Doses of both opioids were repeated as judged clinically during surgery. Following surgery, the trachea was extubated after reversal of residual neuromuscular blockade, and the emergence characteristics of patients in the two groups were compared. Results: The mean time to emergence was 8.5 ± 3.7 min in morphine group whereas it was 7.8 ± 5.1 min in fentanyl group (P = 0.11). Conclusions: Morphine appears similar to fentanyl for facilitating early emergence in patients undergoing an elective supratentorial craniotomy.
Optic nerve sheath diameter: A novel way to monitor the brain
Authors: Sahu Seelora , Swain Amlan
Published: January 2019

Measurement and monitoring of intracranial pressure is pivotal in management of brain injured patients. As a rapid and easily done bed side measurement, ultrasonography of the optic nerve sheath diameter presents itself as a possible replacement of the conventional invasive methods of intracranial pressure management. In this review we go through the evolution of optic nerve sheath diameter measurement as a novel marker of predicting raised intracranial pressure, the modalities by which it can be measured as well as its correlation with the invasive methods of intracranial pressure monitoring.
Successful management of diastolic heart failure in a patient with restrictive cardiomyopathy following an anterior communicating artery aneurysm clipping
Authors: Arumugam Rajasekar , Singh Georgene , Raju Krishnaprabhu , Mariappan Ramamani
Published: January 2019

Perioperative management of neurosurgical patients with an underlying myocardial dysfunction poses a unique challenge to the neuroanaesthesiologist and the neurointensivist. Sudden catecholamine surge during the aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH) can cause severe cardiac dysfunction such as myocardial ischaemia and cardiomyopathy. SAH in a patient with restrictive cardiomyopathy could be hazardous to the myocardium leading to severe cardiac morbidity. We report the successful management of an acute post-operative diastolic heart failure with a milrinone infusion in a patient with restrictive cardiomyopathy, following anterior communicating artery aneurysm clipping. We have discussed the ‘dual beneficial’ role of milrinone on the heart and the brain in this clinical setting. In addition, the importance of peri-operative utilisation of transoesophageal echocardiography and transthoracic echocardiography for the successful management of diastolic heart failure is highlighted.
Squeezing of laser pulses in nonlinear-optical LC cell
Authors: Bugaychuk Svetlana , Iljin Andrey
Published: January 2019

Controllable compression of the temporal duration of light pulses takes place in a liquid crystal medium via self-action processes of beam mixing, namely, a dynamic Bragg grating formation by incoming light waves with their consequent self-diffraction on the same recorded grating. Wherein, the laser pulse duration should be comparable with the time relaxation constant of the medium while the extent of the temporal compression is controlled by the variation of the input pulse durations and the value of nonlocal response. Full Text: PDF ReferencesU. Bortolozzo, S. Residori and J. P. Huignard, "Beam coupling in photorefractive liquid crystal light valves", J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys. 41, 224007 (2008). CrossRef P. Guner and J.P. Huignard, Photorefractive Matrials and their Applications, 1, 2, and 3 (New York Springer) and references therein (2006). CrossRef S. Bugaychuk and E. Tobisch, "Single evolution equation in a light-matter pairing system", J. Phys. A: Math. Theor., 51 (12), 125201 (2018). CrossRef S. Bugaychuk and R. Conte, "Nonlinear amplification of coherent waves in media with soliton-type refractive index pattern", Phys. Rev. E 86, 026603 (2012). CrossRef A. Iljin, "Light-induced order modification – The way to speed up", Journal of Molecular Liquids 267, 38 (2018). CrossRef A. Iljin, "Transient Modulation of Order Parameter and Optical Non-Linearity in a Chiral Nematic Liquid Crystal", Mol. Cryst. Liq. Cryst. 543, 143 (2011). CrossRef D. Wei, A. Iljin, Z. Cai, S. Residori, and U. Bortolozzo, "Two-wave mixing in chiral dye-doped nematic liquid crystals", Opt. Lett. 37, 734 (2012). CrossRef S. Bugayhuk, A. Iljin, O. Lytvynenko, L. Tarakhan and L. Karachevtseva, Nanoscale Res. Lett., 12, 449 (2017). CrossRef
Francesco Petrarca: Moja skrivnost
Authors: Potočnik Tomaž
Published: January 2019

Secretum sive De secreto conflictu curarum mearum je poleg Avguštinovih Izpovedi, Montaignevih Esejev in Rousseaujevih Izpovedi eno najpomembnejših del o sebstvu v zahodni kulturi. Toda kljub na videz jasni strukturi in vsebini še vedno ni jasno, kakšen je njegov pravi namen in kako naj ga umestimo v evolucijo avtorjeve proze. Za učinkovito razpravo o tem se je treba najprej vprašati, kdaj je Secretum nastal. V zadnjih desetletjih je o tem vprašanju med specialisti tekla živahna razprava in še danes se mnenja precej razhajajo – po eni od teorij naj bi bil Secretum napisan v letih 1342–3, po drugi pa med letoma 1347 in 1453 v več etapah.
Jazonov plašč v Apolonijevih Argonavtikah
Authors: Lamut Ana Marija
Published: January 2019

Članek obravnava opis sedmih slik z Jazonovega plašča v Apolonijevih Argonavtikah (1.721–68). Posvečen je predvsem funkciji samega opisa in položaju opisa v širšem kontekstu pesnitve. Vsaka slika prikazuje mitološko zgodbo, ki se vsebinsko ali metaforično navezuje na določene dogodke v Argonavtikah. Notranja meja, ki loči opis od pripovedi, je večinoma precej nedoločljiva. Pri posameznih opisih slik se narativni in opisni deli prepletajo znotraj samega opisa. Ker to pomeni soprisotnost dveh medijev, verbalnega in vizualnega, skuša avtorica izslediti možne neposredne likovne vplive ali vsaj vpliv posameznih ikonografskih motivov, predvsem pa pokaže, kako se v opisih prepletajo sredstva likovnega in verbalnega, kateri so tisti elementi, ki ustvarjajo vizualne učinke, ter kako prepoznamo »slikovni realizem«.
Raça, mestiçagem e designações sociorraciais no romance O mulato, de Aluísio Azevedo (1850-1881)
Authors: Precioso Daniel
Published: January 2019

Neste artigo propõe-se uma leitura histórica do romance O mulato (1881), de Aluísio Azevedo. A metodologia adotada é o contextualismo: analisamos a primeira edição do romance em meio ao contexto coevo de discussões entre os periódicos maranhenses O Pensador e Civilização, respectivamente, órgãos de imprensa do círculo intelectual de Aluísio e do clero local. Procuramos demonstrar que Aluísio recorreu a alegorias e representações historiográfico-memorialísticas para construir a semântica sociorracial do romance e dialogou com os intelectuais da sua época, posicionando-se contra as teses de degeneração racial dos mestiços e favoráveis à ideologia do branqueamento racial.
Conquistas diferentes e de diferentes climas: o Maranhão, o Brasil e a América portuguesa (séculos XVII e XVIII)
Authors: Chambouleyron Rafael
Published: January 2019

O objetivo deste artigo é o de refletir sobre as representações construídas sobre o Estado do Brasil e o Estado do Maranhão, a partir da documentação produzida no e sobre o Maranhão, de meados do século XVII a meados do século XVIII. Trata-se de discutir de que maneira essas duas unidades administrativas independentes da América portuguesa eram percebidas e de que modo o exame dessas representações pode nos ajudar a refletir sobre a complexidade da formação da América portuguesa.
Crustal faults in the Chilean Andes: geological constraints and seismic potential
Authors: Santibáñez Isabel , Cembrano José , García-Pérez Tiaren , Costa Carlos , Yáñez Gonzalo , Marquardt Carlos , Arancibia Gloria , González Gabriel
Published: January 2019

The Chilean Andes, as a characteristic tectonic and geomorphological region, is a perfect location to unravel the geologic nature of seismic hazards. The Chilean segment of the Nazca-South American subduction zone has experienced mega-earthquakes with Moment Magnitudes (Mw) >8.5 (e.g., Mw 9.5 Valdivia, 1960; Mw 8.8 Maule, 2010) and many large earthquakes with Mw >7.5, both with recurrence times of tens to hundreds of years. By contrast, crustal faults within the overriding South American plate commonly have longer recurrence times (thousands of years) and are known to produce earthquakes with maximum Mw of 7.0 to 7.5. Subduction-type earthquakes are considered the principal seismic hazard in Chile, with the potential to cause significant damage to its population and economy. However crustal (non-subduction) earthquakes can also cause great destruction at a local scale, because of their shallower hypocentral depth. Nevertheless, the nature, timing and slip rates of crustal seismic sources in the Chilean Andes remain poorly constrained. This work aims to address the seismic potential of the crustal faults in Chile, contributing to the estimation of key fault parameters for the seismic hazard assessment. We have examined the main parameters involved in the magnitude of an earthquake, including length, width and mean displacement of some case studies crustal faults and their morphotectonic settings, exposing the parametrical similarities in longitudinal domains (N-S stripes) and disparity from W to E, across latitudinal domains. The maximum hypocentral depths for crustal earthquakes vary across margin parallel tectonic domains aligned parallel, from 25-30 km in the outer forearc to 8-12 km in the volcanic arc, thus allowing for a first-order approach for seismic potential assessment. Current structural, paleoseismological and geodetic data, although sparse and limited, suggest that slip rates of Chilean crustal faults range from 0.2 mm/yr (in the forearc region) to up to 7.0 mm/yr (in the intra-arc region). The different tectonic modes for crustal fault reactivation and their wide range of slip rates complicates the estimation of seismic hazard. A rigorous seismic hazard assessment must therefore consider the different tectonic settings, timing and slip rates of Andean crustal faults. Understanding the nature of these faults will allow a better evaluation of the associated seismic hazard, and better constraints to be placed on their relationship with the subduction seismic cycle.
New records and diet reconstruction using dental microwear analysis for Neolicaphrium recens Frenguelli, 1921 (Litopterna, Proterotheriidae)
Authors: Corona Andrea , Ubilla Martín , Perea Daniel
Published: January 2019

Neolicaphrium recens is the only survivor proterotherid in the Quaternary of South America, of which few fossil records from Argentina, Uruguay and probably Brazil are known. In this paper we describe new cranial remains with teeth series of N. recens from Artigas Department, Uruguay (Sopas Formation, Late Pleistocene), and previously published remains were reinterpreted and assigned to N. recens. We performed a dental microwear study of the seven most complete adult specimens from Argentina and Uruguay. The dental facets of interest were molded with silicone dental impression; the moulds were filled with epoxy resin and observed in a stereomicroscope. The paracone of M2 and the protoconid of m2 were photographed and the images digitally processed and studied. The results showed a high relative percentage of pits (scars of soft plants) on scratches (grooved pattern caused by silicophytoliths of grasses), indicating that the analyzed specimens were browsers, and their diet probably included fleshy leaves, buds and stems of trees and shrubs. These new data are consistent with previous results of carbon and oxygen isotopes studies and with inferences based on the associated fauna of N. recens in Uruguay, indicating for the Sopas Formation open to semi open grassland with forested areas, resembling a savanna. This study suggests some woodland environments for all the range of geographical distribution of the taxon.
Early Ordovician conodonts from the Santa Rosita Formation at Pantipampa, Iruya area, northwestern Argentina
Authors: Carlorosi Josefina , Esteban Susana B. , Tortello M. Franco
Published: January 2019

A conodont assemblage recovered from the middle part of the Santa Rosita Formation at Pantipampa (Iruya area, northwestern Argentina) is described herein. It includes Cordylodus angulatus Pander, C. cayesi Druce and Jones, C. lindstromi Druce and Jones, C. hastatus Barnes, Furnishina furnishi Müller, Kallidontus gondwanicus Zeballo and Albanesi, Phakelodus elongatus An, Phakelodus tenuis (Zhang), Proconodontus muelleri Miller, Semiacontiodus sp. and Teridontus nakamurai Nogami, which are characteristic of the Cordylodus angulatus Zone (upper lower Tremadocian). In the Iruya area, the C. angulatus Zone correlates with the trilobite Kainella meridionalis Zone and the lower part of the Kainella teiichii Zone. Taxonomic diversity and relative frequency of conodont species enables the recognition of the Semiacontiodus-Teridontus community, which is characteristic of shallow marine environments.
Effects of organic coating on the nitrate formation by suppressing the N2O5 heterogeneous hydrolysis: A case study during wintertime in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei (BTH)
Authors: Liu Lang , Wu Jiarui , Liu Suixin , Li Xia , Zhou Jiamao , Feng Tian , Qian Yang , Cao Junji , Tie Xuexi , Li Guohui
Published: January 2019

Abstract. Although stringent emission mitigation strategies have been carried out since 2013 in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei (BTH), China, heavy haze with high levels of fine particulate matters (PM2.5) still frequently engulfs the region during wintertime and the nitrate contribution to PM2.5 mass has progressively increased. The N2O5 heterogeneous hydrolysis is referred to as the most important pathway of the nitrate formation at nighttime. In the present study, the WRF-CHEM model is applied to simulate a heavy haze episode from 10 to 27 February 2014 in BTH to evaluate the contribution of the N2O5 heterogeneous hydrolysis and the effect of organic coating to the nitrate formation. The model generally performs reasonably well in simulating meteorological parameters, air pollutants and aerosol species against observations in BTH. The N2O5 heterogeneous hydrolysis with all the secondary organic aerosol assumed to be involved in coating considerably improves the nitrate simulations compared to the measurements in Beijing. On average, organic coating decreases nitrate concentrations by 8.4 % in BTH during the episode, and the N2O5 heterogeneous hydrolysis with organic coating contributes about 30.1 % of nitrate concentrations. Additionally, the reaction also plays a considerable role in the heavy haze formation, with a PM2.5 contribution of about 11.6 % in BTH. Sensitivity studies also reveal that future studies need to be conducted to predict the organic aerosol hygroscopicity for accurately representing the organic coating effect on the N2O5 heterogeneous hydrolysis.
Technical note: Absorption aerosol optical depth components from AERONET observations of mixed dust plumes
Authors: Shin Sung-Kyun , Tesche Matthias , Müller Detlef , Noh Youngmin
Published: January 2019

Abstract. Absorption aerosol optical depth (AAOD) as obtained from sun–sky photometer
measurements provides a measure of the light-absorbing properties of the
columnar aerosol loading. However, it is not an unambiguous
aerosol-type-specific parameter, particularly if several types of absorbing
aerosols, for instance black carbon (BC) and mineral dust, are present in a
mixed aerosol plume. The contribution of mineral dust to total aerosol light
absorption is particularly important at UV wavelengths. In this study we
refine a lidar-based technique applied to the separation of dust and non-dust
aerosol types for the use with Aerosol Robotic Network (AERONET) direct sun
and inversion products. We extend the methodology to retrieve AAOD related to
non-dust aerosol (AAODnd) and BC (AAODBC). We test
the method at selected AERONET sites that are frequently affected by aerosol
plumes that contain a mixture of Saharan or Asian mineral dust and
biomass-burning smoke or anthropogenic pollution, respectively. We find that
aerosol optical depth (AOD) related to mineral dust as obtained with our
methodology is frequently smaller than coarse-mode AOD. This suggests that
the latter is not an ideal proxy for estimating the contribution of mineral
dust to mixed dust plumes. We present the results of the AAODBC
retrieval for the selected AERONET sites and compare them to coincident
values provided in the Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring System aerosol
reanalysis. We find that modelled and AERONET AAODBC are most
consistent for Asian sites or at Saharan sites with strong local
anthropogenic sources.
A Fourier transform spectroradiometer for ground-based remote sensing of the atmospheric downwelling long-wave radiance
Authors: Bianchini Giovanni , Castagnoli Francesco , Di Natale Gianluca , Palchetti Luca
Published: January 2019

Abstract. The Radiation Explorer in the Far Infrared – Prototype for Applications and
Development (REFIR-PAD) is a Fourier transform spectroradiometer that has
been designed to operate from both stratospheric balloon platforms and
the ground. It has been successfully deployed in a stratospheric balloon flight
and several ground-based campaigns from high-altitude sites, including the
current installation at the Italian–French Concordia Antarctic station. The
instrument is capable of operating autonomously with only a limited need of
remote control and monitoring and provides a multiyear dataset of
spectrally resolved atmospheric downwelling radiances, measured in the
100–1500 cm−1 spectral range with 0.4 cm−1 resolution and a
radiometric uncertainty of better than 0.85 mW(m2srcm-1)-1.
Modeling of GPS total electron content over the African low-latitude region using empirical orthogonal functions
Authors: Andima Geoffrey , Amabayo Emirant B. , Jurua Edward , Cilliers Pierre J.
Published: January 2019

Abstract. In this paper, an empirical total electron content (TEC) model and trends in
the TEC over the African low-latitude region are presented.
GPS-derived TEC data from Malindi, Kenya (geographic coordinates
40.194∘ E, 2.996∘ S), and global ionospheric maps (GIMs)
were used. We employed an empirical orthogonal function (EOF) analysis method
together with least-squares regression to model the TEC. The EOF-based TEC
model was validated through comparisons with GIMs, the GPS-derived TEC and
the TEC derived from the International Reference Ionosphere 2016 (IRI-2016)
model for selected quiet and storm conditions. The single-station EOF-based
TEC model over Malindi satisfactorily reproduced the known diurnal,
semiannual and annual variations in the TEC. Comparison of the EOF-based TEC
model results with the TEC derived from the IRI-2016 model showed that the
EOF-based model predicted the TEC over Malindi with fewer errors than the
IRI-2016. For the selected storms, the EOF-based TEC model simulated the
storm time TEC response over Malindi better than the IRI-2016. In the case of
the regional model, the EOF-based TEC model was able to reproduce the TEC
characteristics in the equatorial ionization anomaly region. The EOF-based
TEC model was then used as a background for estimating TEC trends. A
latitudinal dependence in the trends was observed over the African
low-latitude region.
Export fluxes of dissolved inorganic carbon to the northern Indian Ocean from the Indian monsoonal rivers
Authors: Krishna Moturi S. , Viswanadham Rongali , Prasad Mamidala H. K. , Kumari Vuravakonda R. , Sarma Vedula V. S. S.
Published: January 2019

Abstract. Rivers are an important source of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) to the
adjacent coastal waters. In order to examine the spatial variability in the
distribution and major sources of DIC in the Indian monsoonal rivers and to
quantify their export flux to the northern Indian Ocean, 27 major and medium-sized rivers were sampled during the discharge period. Significant spatial
variability in concentrations of DIC (3.4–73.6 mg L−1) was observed,
and it is attributed to spatial variations in the precipitation pattern, the size
of rivers, pollution and lithology of the catchments. The stable isotopic
composition of DIC (δ13CDIC) also showed strong spatial
variability (−13.0 ‰ to −1.4 ‰) in the Indian monsoonal
rivers with relatively depleted δ13CDIC values in rivers of
the northwest of India (-11.1±2.3 ‰) and
enriched values in the southeast of India (-3.5±2.3 ‰). Results of the linear least-squares regression
models of Keeling and Miller–Tan's plots indicated that the chemical weathering of
carbonate and silicate minerals by soil CO2 is the major source of DIC
in the Indian monsoonal rivers. Spatial variability in the deviation of
δ13CDIC from the approximated δ13C of the source may
probably be due to dominant autotrophic production in rivers of the southeastern
region, whereas heterotrophic decomposition of organic matter largely
influences the other Indian monsoonal rivers. It is estimated that the
Indian monsoonal rivers annually export ∼10.3 Tg of DIC to the
northern Indian Ocean, of which the major fraction (75 %) enters into the
Bay of Bengal, and the remaining fraction reaches to the Arabian Sea. This is
consistent with the freshwater flux, which is 3 times higher for the Bay of
Bengal (∼378 km3 yr−1) than for the Arabian Sea (122 km3 yr−1). Despite discharge from the Indian monsoonal rivers
accounting for only 1.3 % of the global freshwater discharge, they
disproportionately export 2.5 % of the total DIC exported by the world's major
rivers. Despite rivers from the region in the southwest (SW) of India exporting DIC that is an order of
magnitude lower (0.3 Tg yr−1) than the rivers from other regions of
India, the highest yield of DIC was found in the rivers of the SW region of India. It is attributed to intense precipitation (∼3000 mm), favorable natural vegetation of tropical moist deciduous and tropical wet evergreen and semi-evergreen forests, tropical wet climate, high soil organic carbon, and the
dominance of red loamy soils in catchments of the rivers of the SW region.
Complementing CO2 emission reduction by Geoengineering might
strongly enhance future welfare
Authors: Helwegen Koen G. , Wieners Claudia E. , Frank Jason E. , Dijkstra Henk A.
Published: January 2019

Abstract. Solar Radiation Management (SRM) has been proposed as a means to reduce global warming in spite of high greenhouse gas concentrations and lower the chance of warming-induced tipping points. However, SRM may cause economic damages, and its feasibility is still uncertain. To investigate the trade-off between these gains and damages, we incorporate SRM into a stochastic-dynamic integrated assessment model and perform the first rigorous cost-benefit analysis of sulphate-based SRM under uncertainty, treating warming-induced climate tipping and SRM failure as stochastic elements. We find that SRM has the potential to greatly enhance future welfare and should therefore be taken seriously as a policy option. However, if only SRM and no CO2 abatement is used, global warming is not stabilised and will exceed 2 K. Therefore, even if successful, SRM cannot replace but only complement CO2 abatement. The optimal policy combines CO2 abatement and modest SRM and succeeds in keeping global warming below 2 K.
“Para no estar sin hacer nada”: formación para la inserción laboral de personas inmigrantes en Barcelona
Authors: Yufra Laura Cristina , Santamaría Lorenzo Enrique
Published: January 2019

En este artículo nos hemos propuesto analizar las políticas de formación que se dirigen a la inserción laboral de las personas inmigrantes en la ciudad de Barcelona. Sirviéndonos de la propuesta de Chris Shore y Susan Wright (1997) de llevar a cabo una antropología de las políticas, hemos podido reconocer la explicitación de las características ideales que se espera que presenten las personas inmigrantes. Es decir, hemos podido identificar la recurrente solicitud de atenuación o de eliminación de las particularidades culturales, que supuestamente inciden de manera negativa en su inserción laboral, así como también, la recomendación de que se muestren siempre activos en la búsqueda de empleo. De igual modo, hemos podido reconocer los procesos de descalificación de los saberes de las personas inmigrantes y su consecuente “inclusión diferencial” en el segmentado mercado de trabajo.
La formación en Trabajo Social en Brasil: desafíos para su patrimonio académico-político y socio-profesional
Authors: Da Silva Grave Ortiz Fátima , Dos Santos Claudia Monica , Alves Carrara Virginia , Demetrio Guerra Yolanda Aparecida
Published: January 2019

Este texto tiene por objeto la formación en Trabajo Social en Brasil. Señala las repercusiones de las determinaciones macroscópicas en la formación de los profesionales y docentes en Trabajo Social, enfatizando algunos de sus desafíos para la concreción de un perfil profesional crítico, teóricamente consistente, comprometido con los valores humanos genéricos, y competente técnica y políticamente. Parte de la consideración de que el proyecto educativo brasileño, especialmente el de la enseñanza universitaria, históricamente se ha sometido a los imperativos del capital nacional y a las demandas inmediatas del mercado de trabajo. Es importante que el conjunto de los sujetos implicados (profesionales, docentes y estudiantes) sean conscientes de que la lucha contra la precarización de la formación profesional conlleva algo más que la mera lucha contra las propuestas gubernamentales vigentes; conlleva también la lectura de la realidad actual; una aprehensión crítica de los retrocesos, así como un análisis responsable de los avances, reconociendo siempre las conquistas obtenidas hasta ahora, teniéndolas en consideración en el establecimiento de las salidas y estrategias en defensa del proyecto de formación.
Cuidando las 24 horas del día. Un estudio de caso sobre cuidadoras familiares y no familiares en la comarca de La Garrotxa (Girona)
Authors: Casademont Xavier
Published: January 2019

La situación de las cuidadoras familiares y no familiares que dedican las 24 horas del día al cuidado de las personas dependientes es una realidad a menudo oculta en la sociedad. Este artículo analiza la situación de las cuidadoras mediante un estudio de caso realizado en la comarca de La Garrotxa (Girona), una de las comarcas con índices de envejecimiento y sobre-envejecimiento más elevados de Cataluña, así como con un elevado porcentaje de población extranjera, que en algunos casos, se han dedicado a los cuidados de forma remunerada. La metodología utilizada es principalmente cualitativa. Se han realizado 20 entrevistas en profundidad, 10 a cuidadoras familiares y 10 a cuidadoras no familiares, así como un grupo de contraste con trabajadoras sociales. Los resultados muestran que las personas que se dedican las 24 horas del día al cuidado de las personas dependientes sufren unas condiciones de vida duras que las limitan especialmente en su vida personal y comunitaria, y que afectan de manera notable a su estado de salud. La mayoría de ellas lleva períodos prolongados de tiempo asumiendo las cargas de cuidado, con lo cual su situación es especialmente vulnerable. Entre las cuidadoras familiares destaca una sensación generalizada de agotamiento por desempeñar una tarea escasamente reconocida y para la cual no cuentan con demasiadas ayudas. Entre las cuidadoras no familiares son especialmente duras las condiciones de trabajo, estimuladas por la situación administrativa irregular, que no les deja margen para disponer de mejores condiciones o para trabajar en otros ámbitos.