bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The ‘lifecycle’ of human beings: a call to explore vector-borne diseases from an ecosystem perspective
Authors: Muurlink Olav T. , Taylor-Robinson Andrew W.
Published: April 2020

Background

Dengue virus, anAedesmosquito-borne flavivirus, is associated with close to 400 million reported infections per annum worldwide. Reduction of dengue virus transmission depends entirely on limitingAedesbreeding or preventing adult female contact with humans. Currently, the World Health Organization promotes the strategic approach of integrated vector management in order to optimise resources for mosquito control.

Main text

Neglected tropical disease researchers focus on geographical zones where the incidence of clinical cases, and prevalence of vectors, are high. In combatting those infectious diseases such as dengue that affect mainly low-income populations in developing regions, a mosquito-centric approach is frequently adopted. This prioritises environmental factors that facilitate or impede the lifecycle progression of the vector. Climatic variables (such as rainfall and wind speed) that impact the vector’s lifecycle either causally or by happenstance also affect the human host’s ‘lifecycle’, but in very different ways. The socioeconomic impacts of the same variables that influence vector control impact host vulnerability but at different points in the human lifecycle to those of the vector. Here, we argue that the vulnerability of the vector and that of the host interact in complex and unpredictable ways that are characteristic of (complex and intransigent) ‘wicked problems’. Moreover, they are treated by public health programs in ways that may ignore this complexity. This opinion draws on recent evidence showing that the best climate predictors of the scale of dengue outbreaks in Bangladesh cannot be explained through a simple vector-to-host causal model.

Conclusions

In mapping causal pathways for vector-borne diseases this article makes a case to elevate the lifecycle of the human host to a level closer in equivalence to that of the vector. Here, we suggest value may be gained from transferring Rittel and Webber’s concept of a wicked (social) problem to dengue, malaria and other mosquito-transmitted public health concerns. This would take a ‘problem definition’ rather than a ‘solution-finding’ approach, particularly when considering problems in which climate impacts simultaneously on human and vector vulnerability.
Genotoxicity of micro- and nano-particles of kaolin in human primary dermal keratinocytes and fibroblasts
Authors: Kawanishi Masanobu , Yoneda Reimi , Totsuka Yukari , Yagi Takashi
Published: April 2020

Introduction

Kaolin is a clay mineral with the chemical composition Al2Si2O5(OH)4. It is an important industrial material, and is also used as a white cosmetic pigment. We previously reported that fine particles of kaolin have genotoxic potency to Chinese hamster ovary CHO AA8 cells, and to the lungs of C57BL/6 J and ICR mice. In the present study, we evaluated the genotoxicity of different particle sizes of kaolin using primary normal human diploid epidermal keratinocytes and primary normal human diploid dermal fibroblasts, in addition to a CHO AA8 cell line.

Findings

After 6-h treatment with kaolin micro- and nano-particles of particle sizes 4.8 μm and 0.2 μm (200 nm), respectively, the frequencies of micronucleated cells increased in a dose-dependent manner. The frequency increased 3- to 4-fold by exposure to the particles at 200 μg/mL (i.e., 31.4 μg/cm2) in all cells tested. Two-way ANOVA revealed a significant main effect of particle size, and the nano-particles tended to have a higher potency of micronucleus (MN) induction. However, the cell type did not significantly affect the MN frequencies. In addition, one-hour treatment with the kaolin particles increased DNA damage in a dose-dependent manner in a comet assay. The %tail DNA was increased 8- to 20-fold by exposure to the particles at 200 μg/mL, for all cells tested. The kaolin nano-particles had higher DNA-damaging potency than the micro-particles. Furthermore, treatment with kaolin particles dose-dependently increased the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in all cells. Again, we observed that kaolin nano-particles induced more ROS than the micro-particles in all cells.

Conclusion

Kaolin particles demonstrated genotoxicity in primary normal human diploid epidermal keratinocytes and fibroblasts as well as in CHO AA8 cells. Although no significant difference was observed among these three types of cells, fine particles of kaolin tended to have higher genotoxic potency than coarse particles. Since studies on its genotoxicity to skin have been scarce, the findings of the present study could contribute to safety evaluations of kaolin particles when used as a white cosmetic pigment.
Isolation and structure elucidation of constituents of Citrus limon, Isodon japonicus, and Lansium domesticum as the cancer prevention agents
Authors: Matsumoto Takahiro , Watanabe Tetsushi
Published: April 2020

In the course of our research to investigate the cancer prevention potency of natural products derived from plant materials, we isolated fifty-five compounds, including twenty-one new compounds from the peels of Citrus limon, aerial parts of Isodon japonicus, and leaves of Lansium domesticum. The chemical structures of the isolated compounds were elucidated by chemical/physicochemical evidence, and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and mass spectrometry results. Moreover, the absolute stereochemistry of the new compounds were elucidated by various techniques such as chemical synthesis, modified Mosher’s method, Cu-Kα X-ray crystallographic analysis, and comparison of experimental and predicted electronic circular dichroism data. The antimutagenic effects of the isolated and structure-elucidated compounds against heterocyclic amines, 3-amino-1,4-dimethyl-5H-pyrido [4,3-b]indole (Trp-P-1) and 2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo[4,5-b]pyridine (PhIP), were evaluated by the Ames test and in vivo micronucleus test. In this review, we present the comprehensive results of the antimutagenic effects of the isolated natural products.
The use of simulation to prepare and improve responses to infectious disease outbreaks like COVID-19: practical tips and resources from Norway, Denmark, and the UK
Authors: Dieckmann Peter , Torgeirsen Kjetil , Qvindesland Sigrun Anna , Thomas Libby , Bushell Verity , Langli Ersdal Hege
Published: April 2020

In this paper, we describe the potential of simulation to improve hospital responses to the COVID-19 crisis. We provide tools which can be used to analyse the current needs of the situation, explain how simulation can help to improve responses to the crisis, what the key issues are with integrating simulation into organisations, and what to focus on when conducting simulations. We provide an overview of helpful resources and a collection of scenarios and support for centre-based and in situ simulations.
Sexual dysfunctions in a sample of male psychiatric patients compared to medically ill patients
Authors: Abdelatti Sameh I. , Ismail Reda M. , Hamed Rania A.
Published: April 2020

Background

Many of the psychiatric disorders and other medical conditions may affect the sexual function of the patients. The present study aims to investigate the frequency of sexual dysfunctions in male psychiatric patients compared to other medically ill patients.

Results

Sexual dysfunction among psychiatric patients (51.2%) was significantly higher than among other medical patients (21%). Among the psychiatric patients, those with schizophrenia (75%) had the highest prevalence rate of sexual dysfunctions. The patients with bipolar disorders, depressive disorders, and anxiety disorders had the following rates respectively: 55%, 45%, and 30%. Among the other medical patients, those with the cardiac diseases (35%) had the highest prevalence rate of sexual dysfunctions. The patients with hepatic diseases, diabetes, urologic diseases, and respiratory diseases had the following rates respectively: 25%, 20%, 15%, and 10%. Prolactin level among psychiatric patients was significantly higher than among the other medical patients, while there was no significant difference between the psychiatric and other medical patients regarding total testosterone level.

Conclusion

Considering the significant relative frequency of sexual dysfunctions in psychiatric patients, more emphasis is recommended to be placed on the prevention and proper treatment of these disorders.
A review of various modalities in breast imaging: technical aspects and clinical outcomes
Authors: Iranmakani Sepideh , Mortezazadeh Tohid , Sajadian Fakhrossadat , Ghaziani Mona Fazel , Ghafari Ali , Khezerloo Davood , Musa Ahmed Eleojo
Published: April 2020

Background

Nowadays, breast cancer is the second cause of death after cardiovascular diseases. In general, about one out of eight women (about 12%) suffer from this disease during their life in the USA and European countries. If breast cancer is detected at an early stage, its survival rate will be very high. Several methods have been introduced to diagnose breast cancer with their clinical advantages and disadvantages.

Main text

In this review, various methods of breast imaging have been introduced. Furthermore, the sensitivity and specificity of each of these methods have been investigated. For each of the imaging methods, articles that were relevant to the past 10 years were selected through electronic search engines, and then the most relevant papers were selected. Finally, about 40 articles were studied and their results were categorized and presented in the form of a report as follows. Various breast cancer imaging techniques were extracted as follows: mammography, contrast-enhanced mammography, digital tomosynthesis, sonography, sonoelastography, magnetic resonance imaging, magnetic elastography, diffusion-weighted imaging, magnetic spectroscopy, nuclear medicine, optical imaging, and microwave imaging.

Conclusion

The choice of these methods depends on the patient’s state and stage, the age of the individual and the density of the breast tissue. Hybrid imaging techniques appear to be an acceptable way to improve detection of breast cancer. This review article can be useful in choosing the right method for imaging in people suspected of breast cancer.
Long-Term Outcomes From a Randomized Dose Optimization Study of Chimeric Antigen Receptor Modified T Cells in Relapsed Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia
Authors: Frey Noelle V. , Gill Saar , Hexner Elizabeth O. , Schuster Stephen , Nasta Sunita , Loren Alison , Svoboda Jakub , Stadtmauer Edward , Landsburg Daniel J. , Mato Anthony , Levine Bruce L. , Lacey Simon F. , Melenhorst Jan Joseph , Veloso Elizabeth , Gaymon Avery , Pequignot Edward , Shan Xinhe , Hwang Wei-Ting , June Carl H. , Porter David L.
Published: April 2020

PURPOSE

To describe long-term outcomes of anti-CD19 chimeric antigen receptor T (CART) cells in patients with relapsed or refractory chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL).

METHODS

Between January 2013 and June 2016, 42 patients with relapsed or refractory CLL were enrolled in this study and 38 were infused with anti-CD19 CART cells (CART-19). Of these, 28 patients were initially randomly assigned to receive a low (5 × 107) or high (5 × 108) dose of CART-19, and 24 were evaluable for response assessment. After an interim analysis, 10 additional patients received the selected (high) dose and of these, eight were evaluable for response. Patients were followed for a median 31.5 months (range, 2 to 75 months).

RESULTS

At 4 weeks, the complete and overall responses for the 32 evaluable patients were 28% (90% CI, 16% to 44%) and 44% (90% CI, 29% to 60%), respectively. The median overall survival (OS) for all patients was 64 months; there was no statistically significant difference between low- and high-dose groups ( P = .84). Regardless of dose, prolonged survival was observed in patients who achieved a CR versus those who did not ( P = .035), with median OS not reached in patients with CR versus 64 months in those without CR. The median progression-free survival was 40.2 months in patients with CR and 1 month in those without a CR ( P < .0001). Toxicity was comparable in both dose groups.

CONCLUSION

In patients with advanced CLL, a 5 × 108 dose of CART-19 may be more effective than 5 × 107 CART-19 at inducing CR without excessive toxicity. Attainment of a CR after CART-19 infusion, regardless of cell dose, is associated with longer OS and progression-free survival in patients with relapsed CLL.
Economic Assessment of a New Model of Care to Support Patients With Cancer Experiencing Cancer- and Treatment-Related Toxicities
Authors: Shih Sophy T. F. , Mellerick Angela , Akers Georgina , Whitfield Kathryn , Moodie Marj
Published: April 2020

PURPOSE:

The aim of this economic assessment was to evaluate the impact of a new nurse-led model of care, the Symptom and Urgent Review Clinic (SURC), for patients with cancer experiencing disease- or treatment-related symptoms.

METHODS:

An economic assessment was undertaken to estimate costs of the SURC from the service funder perspective and to compare the cost with cost offsets stemming from the implementation of the SURC. The cost offsets focused on the changes in emergency department (ED) presentations and inpatient admissions during a comparable 6-month period before and after the SURC implementation. Costs were analyzed in 2018 Australian dollars, and return on investment was calculated by comparing the cost offsets in the ED and inpatient units with the cost of the SURC.

RESULTS:

After the implementation of the SURC, patients were less likely to present to the ED (7.2% v 8.5%; P = .01), and patients who did present to the ED were more likely to be admitted to inpatient units (78% v 71%; P = .03) for additional treatment. The post-SURC period had a net cost savings of $37,090 compared with the pre-SURC period. From the service funder perspective, the SURC achieved an investment return of $1.73 for every dollar invested in the new service.

CONCLUSION:

Our study establishes the economic credentials of a new care model using empirical linked hospital service data. The SURC presents a new cancer care service for policy consideration from an economic standpoint. It demonstrates an efficient approach to hospital resource allocation to deliver quality cancer care.
Racial Disparities in Health Care Utilization at the End of Life Among New Jersey Medicaid Beneficiaries With Advanced Cancer
Authors: Yang Annie , Goldin David , Nova Jose , Malhotra Jyoti , Cantor Joel C. , Tsui Jennifer
Published: April 2020

PURPOSE:

Racial and ethnic disparities in cancer care near the end of life (EOL) have been recognized, but EOL care experienced by Medicaid beneficiaries is not well understood. We assessed the prevalence of aggressive EOL care and hospice enrollment for Medicaid beneficiaries and determined whether racial and ethnic disparities exist.

PATIENTS AND METHODS:

We identified Medicaid beneficiaries (age 21-64 years) who were diagnosed from 2011 to 2015 with stage IV breast and colorectal cancer and who died by January 2016 through a New Jersey State Cancer Registry–Medicaid claims linked data set. We measured aggressive EOL care (> 1 hospitalization, > 1 emergency department [ED] visit, any intensive care unit [ICU] admission in the last 30 days of life, and receipt of chemotherapy in the last 14 days of life) and hospice enrollment. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to determine factors associated with aggressive EOL care and hospice enrollment.

RESULTS:

Of the 349 patients, 217 (62%) received at least one of the following measures of aggressive EOL care: > 1 hospitalization (27%), > 1 ED visit (31%), ICU admission (30%), and chemotherapy (34%). The adjusted odds of receiving any aggressive care were 1.87 times higher (95% CI, 1.08 to 3.26) for non-Hispanic (NH) Black patients compared with NH White patients. Only 39% of patients enrolled in hospice. No significant differences in hospice enrollment were observed by race or ethnicity.

CONCLUSION:

The majority of Medicaid patients with advanced cancer received aggressive EOL care and were not enrolled in hospice. NH Black patients were more likely to receive aggressive EOL care. Further work to understand processes leading to suboptimal EOL care within Medicaid populations and among racial and ethnic minority groups is warranted.
Adaptive Control of Dynamic Balance across the Adult Lifespan
Authors: VERVOORT DANIQUE , BUURKE TOM J. W. , VUILLERME NICOLAS , HORTOBÁGYI TIBOR , DEN OTTER ROB , LAMOTH CLAUDINE J. C.
Published: April 2020

Introduction

The ability to adapt dynamic balance to perturbations during gait deteriorates with age. To prevent age-related decline in adaptive control of dynamic balance, we must first understand how adaptive control of dynamic balance changes across the adult lifespan. We examined how adaptive control of the margin of stability (MoS) changes across the lifespan during perturbed and unperturbed walking on the split-belt treadmill.

Methods

Seventy-five healthy adults (age range, 18–80 yr) walked on an instrumented split-belt treadmill with and without split-belts. Linear regression analyses were performed for the mediolateral (ML) and anteroposterior (AP) MoS, step length, single support time, step width, double support time, and cadence during unperturbed and perturbed walking (split-belt perturbation), with age as predictor.

Results

Age did not significantly affect dynamic balance during unperturbed walking. However, during perturbed walking, the ML MoS of the leg on the slow belt increased across the lifespan due to a decrease in bilateral single support time. The AP MoS did not change with aging despite a decrease in step length. Double support time decreased and cadence increased across the lifespan when adapting to split-belt walking. Age did not affect step width.

Conclusions

Aging affects the adaptive control of dynamic balance during perturbed but not unperturbed treadmill walking with controlled walking speed. The ML MoS increased across the lifespan, whereas bilateral single support times decreased. The lack of aging effects on unperturbed walking suggests that participants’ balance should be challenged to assess aging effects during gait. The decrease in double support time and increase in cadence suggests that older adults use the increased cadence as a balance control strategy during challenging locomotor tasks.
El pensamiento, una actividad solitaria en Hannah Arendt
Authors: Aguado Garzón Teresa
Published: April 2020

The Thought, a Solitary Activity in Hannah Arendt In this article we have made a brief tour of the implications and the relevance of the activity of thinking about the philosophical-political theories of the Jewish‑German philosopher Hannah Arendt. As well as highlight the importance of the teaching of philosophy and in particular the theories of this thinker, in order to prepare the student, citizen and reader, to carry out a critical thinking, individual and reflective, who knows perform both in private areas and in public spaces. In order to avoid repeating actions and mistakes of the past; making them understand the responsibility they have for the other, as well as the facts that may happen around them.
Transculturación, translingüismo y la novela "The Brief Wondrous Life of Oscar Wao" de Junot Díaz
Authors: Petkova Ingrid
Published: April 2020

Transculturation, Translanguaging and Junot Díaz’s Novel, "The Brief Wondrous Life" of Oscar Wao The aim of this article is to talk about two concepts: transculturation and translanguaging and how these theories are expressed in Junot Díaz’s novel “The Brief Wondrous Life of Oscar Wao”. The first term was coined by the Cuban anthropologist, Fernando Ortiz, and it refers to the encounter between cultures in which they are changed by adapting elements from the each other. Translanguaging is a process in which bilingual speakers use their languages as an integrated communication system. This term was described in detail by, among others, Ofelia García and Li Wei. After introducing these concepts, the article will focus on how these theories contribute to the creation of a text, in this case the novel by Díaz, that crosses linguistic and cultural barriers.
El ‘revival’ de la literatura y la cultura sefardíes en la enseñanza universitaria actual
Authors: Bellomi Paola
Published: April 2020

The Revival of Sephardic Literature and Culture in Current University Education

Sephardic Conversos’ literature is an example of the capacity of a minority culture to survive and save its identity both in propitious historical and social contexts and in dramatic moments. The Departments of Hispanic Studies have recently developed an interest in the study and recovery of the Sephardic Conversos past, silenced or simply forgotten for a long time. In this paper I will present my own experience as a teacher and a researcher of this particular genre of literature; in particular, I will focus on two aspects: the didactics and the research. The aim is to propose a debate on the importance of this topic in the academic field from an educational point of view; furthermore, I suggest a reflection on the interrelation between educational purposes and research freedom.
Relations of Serbia and European Union: Socio-Historical Determinants and the Contemporary Political Issues
Authors: Bazić Jovan
Published: April 2020

This paper deals with the relations between the Republic of Serbia and the European Union, with special attention to the key issues in the process of its accession to the EU, as well as the political moods of the Serbian citizens towards that membership. There are many problems and misunderstandings in the process of Serbia’s accession to the European Union which are expressed through conflicts of different interests, the EU’s asymmetrical and ultimatumbased relationship with Serbia, a different perception and assessment of reality in Serbia, the value system and other cultural factors. These problems are manifested through many issues, and essentially, they stem from the consequences of the break-up of Yugoslavia and the political conditions for Serbia’s admission to EU membership, such as: the support of the secessionist processes in the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, first in case of secession of Montenegro from the FR Yugoslavia and then of Kosovo and Metohija from Serbia, as well as in the issues of Serbia’s cooperation with the Hague Tribunal. The core standards for EU membership from Copenhagen and Madrid remain in the shadow of these problems. This is one of the reasons why in Serbia the skepticism towards its membership in the European Union has been on the rise. Other contributing reasons for skepticism include the current processes within the Union, such as economic, monetary and institutional crisis, Brexit; the strengthening of conservatism and separatism, as well as the increasingly noticeable initiatives for the reorganization of the Union. That is why Serbia’s path to EU membership has become more complicated and why it seems more and more like a road without a final destination.
Wage Transparency and Social Comparison in Sales Force Compensation
Authors: Long Xiaoyang , Nasiry Javad
Published: April 2020

When wages are transparent, sales agents may compare their pay with that of their peers and experience positive or negative feelings if those peers are paid (respectively) less or more. We investigate the implications of such social comparisons on sales agents’ effort decisions and their incentives to help or collaborate with each other. We then characterize the firm’s optimal sales force compensation scheme and the conditions under which wage transparency benefits the firm. Our results show that the work environment—which includes such aspects as demand uncertainty, correlation across sales territories, and the possibility of help/collaboration—plays a significant role in the firm’s compensation and wage transparency decisions. In particular, wage transparency is more likely to benefit the firm when demand uncertainty is low, sales outcomes are positively correlated across different sales territories, and sales agents can collaborate at low cost. We find that, contrary to conventional wisdom, social comparisons need not reduce collaboration among agents. Our study also highlights the importance of providing the right mix of individual and group incentives to elicit the benefits of wage transparency.

This paper was accepted by Juanjuan Zhang, marketing.
Axiomatizing the Bayesian Paradigm in Parallel Small Worlds
Authors: French Simon
Published: April 2020

One of the strengths of decision analysis is that it can deal with most uncertainties; but, alas, not all. Sometimes uncertainties are too deep: that is, within the time and data currently available, no agreement is possible between decision makers, experts, and stakeholders on their quantification as probabilities. The possible range of probabilities may be so great that any sensitivity study would show that virtually all actions may be optimal. Recently, such cases have been approached by scenario-focused decision analyses in which the deep uncertainties are fixed at several “interesting” values. These approaches are showing considerable potential, but there is a problem. The assumptions on which decision analysis is based do not necessarily apply, because scenarios are not quite “small worlds” in Savage’s sense. This paper discusses the difficulty, offers a way forward, and demonstrates some of the points within an example on nuclear energy strategy.
Killing “Hajis” in “Indian Country”: Neoliberal Crisis, the Iraq War and the Affective Wages of Anti-Muslim Racism
Authors: Baker Yousef K.
Published: April 2020

Starting in the 1970s neoliberalism began to undermine and chisel away at liberalism, taking aim at the social wage. By the twenty-first century this had resulted in a structural crisis of overaccumulation and a political crisis of legitimacy as social dislocation and precarity became prevalent. The war in Iraq created through war and reconstruction new spaces for accumulation. The invasion and occupation were premised on and worked to maintain anti-Muslim racism in order to scaffold legitimacy for a neoliberal state that is hollowed out of its previous liberal promises. No longer offering a social wage, this becomes the affective wages of neoliberalism, premised on the reification of ontological difference between a civilized, humane and rational West, and a fundamentally illiberal Muslim other. At the same time that liberalism is eroded by neoliberalism, the latter draws from and reinforces the liberal logic of deflection manifest in frontier logics.
The Chinese Model: The US Nightmare
Authors: Siklawi Rami
Published: April 2020

This article is a reflection of the author's research visit to China in November 2019. It examines the growth and development of China and how this Chinese growth has challenged and reduced the US hegemony and supremacy in the world nowadays.
The Recurrence of Long Cycles: Theories, Stylized Facts and Figures
Authors: Tsoulfidis Lefteris , Papageorgiou Aris
Published: April 2020

Basic innovations and their diffusion, the expansion or contraction of the level of economic activity and the volume of international trade, rising sovereign debts and their defaults, conflicts and the outbreak of wars, are some of the major phenomena appearing during the downswing or upswing phases of long cycles. In this article, we examine the extent to which these phenomena constitute stylized facts of the different phases of long cycles which recur quite regularly in the turbulent economic history of capitalism. The main argument of this paper is that the evolution of long cycles is a result of the long-run movement of profitability. During the downswing of a long cycle, falling profitability induces innovation investment and the associated with it “creative destruction” of the capital stock that eventually set the stage for the upswing phase of a new long cycle.
Including services in multidimensional poverty measurement for SDGs: modifications to the consensual approach
Authors: Lanau Alba , Mack Joanna , Nandy Shailen
Published: April 2020

Poor households disproportionately lack access to services, yet this is rarely considered in poverty measures. Service provision can vary significantly between and within countries, and so similar levels of household resources may translate to very different living standards. Where
universal provision of basic services is lacking, current approaches to poverty measurement may result in underestimates, thereby raising comparability and identification issues. We propose a conceptual framework to incorporate service provision into multidimensional poverty measures, based
on a modification to the consensual approach. The modification would create improved context-specific poverty measures, enabling a more nuanced understanding about effective access to services.
Bayesian filtering framework for noise characterization of frequency combs
Authors: Brajato Giovanni , Lundberg Lars , Torres-Company Victor , Karlsson Magnus , Zibar Darko
Published: April 2020

Amplitude and phase noise correlation matrices are of fundamental importance for studying noise properties of frequency combs. They include information about the origin of noise sources as well as the scaling and correlation of the noise across the comb lines. These matrices provide an insight that is essential for obtaining low-noise performance which is important for, e.g., applications in optical communication, low–noise microwave signal generation, and distance measurements. Estimation of amplitude and phase noise correlation matrices requires highly–accurate measurement technique which can distinguishes between noise sources coming from the frequency comb and the measurement system itself. Bayesian filtering provides a theoretically optimum approach for filtering of measurement noise and thereby, the most accurate measurement of phase and amplitude noise. In this paper, a novel Bayesian filtering based framework for joint estimation of amplitude and phase noise of multiple frequency comb lines is proposed, and demonstrated for phase noise characterization. Compared to the conventional approaches, that do not employ any measurement noise filtering, the proposed approach provides significantly more accurate measurements of correlation matrices, operates over a wide range of signal–to–noise–ratios and gives an insight into comb’s dynamics at short scales (<10−8 s).
Observation of reverse self-sweeping effect in an all-polarization-maintaining bidirectional ytterbium-doped fiber laser
Authors: Wang Kaile , Wen Zengrun , Chen Haowei , Qi Xinyuan , Lu Baole , Bai Jintao
Published: April 2020

In this article, we report, to the best of our knowledge, the first observation of the reverse self-sweeping phenomenon in an all-polarization-maintaining bidirectional ytterbium-doped fiber laser. Conventional behaviors, including the dependence of sweeping range, sweeping rate and average pulse repetition rate on the pump power, can be observed in our fiber laser. Two couplers with ratio of 50/50 and 10/90 are respectively employed as the output coupler in fiber laser, which generates the reverse self-sweeping phenomenon for comparison.
Developmental Transformations over video chat: An exploration of presence in the therapeutic relationship
Authors: Regula Jude
Published: April 2020

This study examined how the phenomenon of presence in the therapeutic relationship shifts when participating in therapy online as opposed to in person. A duoethnographic study was conducted in which the researcher and another drama therapist engaged in two Developmental Transformations sessions, one face-to-face and one via video chat, and wrote about their subjective experiences of presence during each session. From these data, themes arose that confirmed the complexity of presence and suggested presence is further complicated during virtual interactions.
Avaliação do desempenho zootécnico e rendimento de carcaças de diferentes linhagens de frango de corte
Authors: Pereira Patricia Calixto , Batista Igor Alves , Frandi Butolo Eduardo Afonso , Da Costa Leanderson Lima , Conde Eduardo Marinho , Ruschel Alceu Silvestre , Da Silva Marcos Roberto
Published: April 2020

O trabalho foi conduzido objetivando-se avaliar o desempenho zootécnico e rendimento de carcaça de três linhagens de frango de corte até 42 dias de idade. Foram utilizados 3000 pintos de um dia de idade, sexados, distribuídos em um delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado em esquema fatorial 3x2 (linhagem x sexo), sendo três linhagens (Ross AP95, Cobb e Hubbard) e dois sexos, com dez repetições por tratamento. Os pintos foram distribuídos em 60 boxes metálicos de 1,58m x 2,61m x 0,7m.  Aos 42 dias de idade uma ave por box foi identificada e enviada para o frigorífico, totalizando 60 aves, para avaliação do rendimento de carcaça. As linhagens Cobb e Hubbard não diferiram entre si para os parâmetros peso médio, ganho médio de peso, índice de eficiência produtiva e ganho de peso diário, apresentando resultados estatisticamente superiores aos da linhagem Ross. Para conversão alimentar a linhagem Hubbard apresentou resultado estatisticamente igual ao da linhagem Cobb, que por sua vez foi estatisticamente igual ao da linhagem Ross. Para o rendimento de cortes de frango as três linhagens não diferiram entre si. Houve diferença significativa entre sexo macho e fêmea para rendimento de coxa-sobrecoxa e gordura abdominal.
Digital Anthropometer Development for Improving the Measurement Quality of Human Body Dimensions
Authors: Kusuma Trio Yonathan Teja , Wirabhuana Arya , Yusuf Faurosi Syafa’atul
Published: April 2020

Digital information technology has become the nerve of information for industry-based companies. However, there are still data or information that retrieved manually, one of them is measurement of the human body dimension. The problem is seemed solved by invention of digital anthropometer application. Yet, the application requires a further improvement especially in its accuracy and user interface. The improvement of accuracy quality of its measurement uses the capability process analysis method. As a result, the current Cp and Cpk is 0.26 and -0.209 while in the developed application is 2.56 and 1.218. Thus, the developed application is stated that quality of measurement increases to meet the criteria of good process capability. The user interface is improved based on the user voices. Data storage databases and percentile calculation in the application was added as one on the significant user-interface improvement.
Mujer en el cine peruano: entrevista a la directora Ana Caridad Sanchez
Authors: Rodrigues Carla Daniela Rabelo
Published: April 2020

En febrero de 2019, iniciamos un ciclo de entrevistas con la directora Ana Caridad Sánchez sobre su trayectoria en el cine peruano, su primer largometraje Deliciosa fruta seca (2017) y también sobre la condición de la mujer en este campo profesional. La historia del cine peruano (cf. Bedoya, 2009; Carbone, 2007; Frías, 2013; Nuñez Gorriti, 1990; Barrow, 2015) muestra la escasa cantidad de mujeres que trabajaron en ese medio, sea como resultado de una presencia ostensiva de hombres en el quehacer cinematográfico o por la ausencia de nuevos registros bibliográficos sobre sus existencias, contribuciones y actuaciones (Rodrigues, 2018). Esta conversación con Ana Caridad Sanchez contribuye a la visibilización de las mujeres en el cine a partir de una visión decolonial (América Latina, Perú) y despatriarcal - por una historiografía del cine con mayor inclusión de mujeres.
Os testamentos do Dr. Caligari: sobre a exposição O caso Caligari
Authors: Duarte Joana Isabel
Published: April 2020

Recensão crítica da exposição “O Caso Caligari”, integrada no Festival “Curtas Vila do Conde”. A exposição apresentou quatro trabalhos de Daniel Blaufuks, Eduardo Brito, Rainer Kohlberger e Jonathan Uliel Saldanha, em torno do filme “O gabinete do dr. Caligari” (Robert Wiene, 1920).
Harun Farocki: quem é responsável?
Authors: Mourão Patrícia , Callou Hermano
Published: April 2020

Resenha da exposição 'Harun Farocki: quem é responsável?' do artista e cineasta alemão Harun Farocki, no Instituto Moreira Salles, em São Paulo.
Effective feedback for language assessment
Authors: Franc Catherine , Morton Annie
Published: April 2020

The provision of effective feedback is challenging and remains a much-criticised element of the Higher Education (HE) student experience. This case study examines innovative approaches to providing feedback for modern foreign language assessment, based upon a small scale study at the University of Manchester (UoM). We identify problematic areas in current practice, and propose creative solutions not only to help staff produce clear, useful feedback in a sustainable way, but also to raise student’s awareness and guide them in how to make the most of our provision, in turn becoming efficient language learners.
Developing criticality and critical cultural awareness in modern languages
Authors: Parks Elinor
Published: April 2020

The chapter reports on a doctoral study exploring the complexity behind the separation of language and content within modern language degree programmes, placing particular focus on implications for students’ development of criticality (Barnett, 1997) and intercultural competence (Byram, 1997). The study investigated implications of the division as experienced by German studies staff and students in two American and two British universities. The findings suggest that students who are prompted to critically reflect upon both the target language and the target culture have greater opportunities to develop into ‘good’ interculturalists in line with the view that students require an ‘intercultural education’ in order to maximise the benefits (Holmes, Bavieri, & Ganassin, 2015).
First record of tree cavity roosting in frosted myotis (Myotis pruinosus)
Authors: Dinets Vladimir
Published: April 2020

Frosted myotis (Myotis pruinosus) is a rare and little-known bat, listed as Endangered by the IUCN. Although it inhabits forests and has been suspected to roost in tree cavities, all roosting individuals found to date were in caves. Hereby, I report a discovery of an individual roosting in a tree cavity made by Japanese pygmy woodpecker (Picoides kizuki), in a large pine tree in an old-growth mixed forest in Nikko National Park, Japan. This observation confirms that frosted myotis roosts in tree cavities but does not support the hypothesis that dependence on larger cavities explains the species’ affinity with old-growth forests.
Categorical Signaling of the Strongest Stimulus by an Inhibitory Midbrain Nucleus
Authors: Schryver Hannah M. , Straka Malgorzata , Mysore Shreesh P.
Published: April 2020

The nucleus isthmi pars magnocellularis (Imc), a group of inhibitory neurons in the midbrain tegmentum, is a critical component of the spatial selection network in the vertebrate midbrain. It delivers long-range inhibition among different portions of the space map in the optic tectum (OT), thereby mediating stimulus competition in the OT. Here, we investigate the properties of relative strength-dependent competitive interactions within the Imc, in barn owls of both sexes. We find that when Imc neurons are presented simultaneously with one stimulus inside the receptive field and a second, competing stimulus outside, they exhibit gradual or switch-like response profiles as a function of relative stimulus strength. They do so both when the two stimuli are of the same sensory modality (both visual) or of different sensory modalities (visual and auditory). Moreover, Imc neurons signal the strongest stimulus in a dynamically flexible manner, indicating that Imc responses reflect an online comparison between the strengths of the competing stimuli. Notably, Imc neurons signal the strongest stimulus more categorically, and earlier than the OT. Paired recordings at spatially aligned sites in the Imc and OT reveal that although some properties of stimulus competition, such as the bias of competitive response profiles, are correlated, others such as the steepness of response profiles, are set independently. Our results demonstrate that the Imc is itself an active site of competition, and may be the first site in the midbrain selection network at which stimulus competition is resolved.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTThis work sheds light on the functional properties of a small group of inhibitory neurons in the vertebrate midbrain that play a key part in how the brain selects a target among competitors. A better understanding of the functioning of these neurons is an important building block for the broader understanding of how distracters are suppressed, and of spatial attention and its dysfunction.
Moral Remembrance and New Inequalities
Authors: David Lea
Published: April 2020

The article traces the emergence of the novel phenomenon known as “moral remembrance” (MR). MR refers to the standardized set of norms, promoted through the human rights infrastructures of world polity, in which societies are supposed to deal with the legacies of mass human rights abuses. This vision has adopted, over the past forty years, the three main principles of “facing the past,” “a duty to remember,” and having a “victim-centered approach.” Following the emergence of MR, I demonstrate what happens when the human rights–sponsored MR clashes with the nation-state-sponsored memorialization agenda and why decoupling from the “victim-centered approach” results, more often than not, in hierarchies of victimhood and, consequently, the production of new societal inequalities. I suggest here that the relationship between MR and the nationalist use of memorialization processes needs to be understood from the perspective of economic corruption, the politics of opportunism, and competing authorities.
Happiness Policy: Technocratic or Democratic?
Authors: Frey Bruno S.
Published: April 2020

While current happiness research has made significant progress, happiness policy, by contrast, is based on two simplistic assumptions: first, that politicians and public administrators are sufficiently informed about what influences subjective life satisfaction; and second, that politicians and public administrators will solely pursue the well-being of the population. However, in a democracy, happiness policy takes the results of happiness research to be only one ingredient (albeit an important one) in the wider political process. Critically, a political discourse that engages citizens, rather than a technocratic approach, is the way forward when considering the advantages and disadvantages of particular happiness policies.
(Post)Feminist Methodology
Authors: Lather Patti
Published: April 2020

This paper puts the nature of scientificity on the feminist agenda. Sedgwick's reparative reading, Spivak's dislocating negotiation, Wilson's analytics of breaching and Lather's getting lost are unpacked via exemplars from recent feminist re-inscriptions of empirical work in order to begin to grasp what is on the horizon in terms of new analytics and practices of inquiry.
Making My Masculine Body Behave
Authors: Pelias Ronald J.
Published: April 2020

Using Constantin Stanislavki's vocabulary for actor training, I offer an autoethnographic essay that explores my performances as a man, a man who does and does not measure up to the cultural ideal. I juxtapose cultural scripts against personal experience in order to demonstrate the tensions that emerge as I try to negotiate the masculine roles I have been asked to play.
Systems of Silence
Authors: Spry Tami
Published: April 2020

This essay offers a continuation of the dialogue of desire proposed by Anna Deavere Smith and Cornell West to find a language that speaks the complexity of race while simultaneously creating supportive productive diverse communities. As a white performative autoethnographer, a methodological skepticism of language's ability to represent race seems a critically productive space to speak into this desire. In our racialized copresence with one another, how does language function to perpetuate racial hegemonies, and then, how can autoethnography performatively interrupt hegemonic practices for the purpose of reimagining and repositioning agency? What follows are fragmented responses to that question, refracted critical self-reflexions representing my own struggle to construct pieces of the language that Smith and West speak of.
“Trying my Hardest”
Authors: Robinson Jude
Published: April 2020

Despite what is known about gender inequalities and the links between smoking, smoke exposure, and poverty, mothers who fail to protect their children from exposure to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS), are often stigmatized as uncaring mothers by the media. Here I describe the process of talking to mothers of young children about the wider social context(s) within which the act of smoking takes place, and their reflections on the paradox of why many women caring for young children still expose their children to tobacco smoke in home environments. By articulating the complex interrelationship between smoking, the maintenance of social relationships, caring for children, and coping with poverty, the women present an alternative conceptualisation as to why and how mothers direct their agency to enable them to care for their children in poverty, which questions the timing, messages and ultimate effect of giving home smoking advice to mothers with young children.
Qualitative Researchers' Conceptualizations of the Risks Inherent in Qualitative Interviews!
Authors: Morse Janice M. , Niehaus Linda , Varnhagen Stanley , Austin Wendy , McIntosh Michele
Published: April 2020

In this article, we report on a web-based survey of 517 qualitative researchers' perceptions of the risks inherent in qualitative unstructured interviews. Although emotions manifest during these qualitative interviews may be viewed as “natural” in the context of the types of losses experienced by the interviewees, the emotional responses cannot be identified in an Institutional Review Board (IRB) review of the proposal. The mitigation of this emotional response is, however, the responsibility of the researcher, and ethics education and short courses must include such instruction. Psychological harm to the researcher, although rare, is a possibility for which researchers must be prepared. The authors conclude by suggesting six principles of ethical conduct for qualitative researchers. These principles should be useful to IRBs and included in ethics and qualitative methods courses.
My Norwegian Lusekofte
Authors: Reinertsen Anne Beate
Published: April 2020

This is a writing story about normalizing, not knowing for sure, and therefore an attempt to explore what might constitute a pedagogy of insecurity, ultimately beginning to think about what a riskful pedagogy and/or riskful thinking and teaching might imply. Democracy and social justice are at stake. It is about always questioning authority but never taking authority away from anybody. Thus it is an attempt, an example, or writing towards a deauthorized and double(d) perspective of both research and reform in schools. It is a messy text trying to create more, however, not running to meet anybody. It is an argument for turning us all into language workers, and society into a language society, rather than the knowledge workers and the knowledge society we predominantly speak of today.