bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: Regiodivergent Heterocyclization: A Strategy for the Synthesis of Substituted Pyrroles and Furans Using α‐Formyl Ketene Dithioacetals as Common Precursors.
Authors: Wu Ting , Pan Ling , Xu Xianxiu , Liu Qun
Published: May 2014

The reaction of dithioacetals (I) with nitriles (II) followed by a zinc‐mediated one‐pot reaction of the isolable intermediate (V) leads to 5‐ethylthiopyrroles (III), whilst the copper‐mediated reaction of the intermediate (V) affords 4‐ethylthiocarbonylpyrroles (IV) via a second isolable intermediate (VI).
ChemInform Abstract: Room‐Temperature Pd‐Catalyzed C—H Chlorination by Weak Coordination: One‐Pot Synthesis of 2‐Chlorophenols with Excellent Regioselectivity.
Authors: Sun Xiuyun , Sun Yonghui , Zhang Chao , Rao Yu
Published: May 2014

This halogenation protocol requires no air‐ and moisture‐proof conditions and is successfully applied even to the chlorination of carbamate‐protected estrone.
ChemInform Abstract: Bis‐N‐Heterocyclic Carbene (NHC) Stabilized η6‐Arene Iron(0) Complexes: Synthesis, Structure, Reactivity, and Catalytic Activity.
Authors: Blom Burgert , Tan Gengwen , Enthaler Stephan , Inoue Shigeyoshi , Epping Jan Dirk , Driess Matthias
Published: May 2014

The newly designed complex FAC represents the first example of an NHC‐stabilized iron (0) arene complex which efficiently catalyzes the reduction of various amides into amines using Ph2SiH2 as a hydride source.
ChemInform Abstract: Evaluation of a Cyclopentane‐Based γ‐Amino Acid for the Ability to Promote α/γ‐Peptide Secondary Structure.
Authors: Giuliano Michael W. , Maynard Stacy J. , Almeida Aaron M. , Reidenbach Andrew G. , Guo Li , Ulrich Emily C. , Guzei Ilia A. , Gellman Samuel H.
Published: May 2014

The asymmetric synthesis of a new type of cyclic γ‐amino acids namely (1R,2R)‐2‐aminomethyl‐1‐cyclopentane carboxylic acid (AMCP, VII) is reported.
ChemInform Abstract: Iodine‐Catalyzed Three‐Component Oxysulfenylation of Alkenes with Sulfonyl Hydrazides and Alcohols.
Authors: Yang Fu‐Lai , Wang Fu‐Xiang , Wang Ting‐Ting , Wang Yi‐Jie , Tian Shi‐Kai
Published: May 2014

The three‐component oxysulfenylation fails with acyclic 1,2‐disubstituted alkenes such as (E)‐stilbene and 2‐methyl‐1‐phenyl‐1‐propene.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Structure of an Air‐Stable Binuclear Complex of Bis(ethylcyclopentadienyl)zirconium Perfluorooctanesulfonate and Its Catalytic Application in One‐Pot Three‐Component Aza‐Friedel—Crafts Reactions.
Authors: Zhang Xiaohong , Zhang Xingsong , Li Ningbo , Xu Xinhua , Qiu Renhua , Yin Shuangfeng
Published: May 2014

The title catalyst is successfully applied to the aza‐Friedel—Crafts reaction of indoles, aldehydes, and aniline to give the corresponding products in good yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric Synthesis of Pyrroloindolones by N‐Heterocyclic Carbene Catalyzed [2 + 3] Annulation of α‐Chloroaldehydes with Nitrovinylindoles.
Authors: Ni Qijian , Zhang Huan , Grossmann Andre , Loh Charles C. J. , Merkens Carina , Enders Dieter
Published: May 2014

The reaction can be scaled up.
ChemInform Abstract: A Magnetoclick Imidazolidinone Nanocatalyst for Asymmetric 1,3‐Dipolar Cycloadditions.
Authors: Pagoti Sreenivasarao , Dutta Debasish , Dash Jyotirmayee
Published: May 2014

The isoxazolidines are formed with high endo diastereoselectivity and enantioselectivity.
ChemInform Abstract: 4‐Trifluoroacetyl‐2‐phenyloxazol‐5‐one: Versatile Template for Synthesis of Trifluoromethyl‐Substituted Heterocycles.
Authors: Saijo Ryosuke , Kurihara Ken‐ichi , Kawase Masami
Published: May 2014

Derivative (XIII) is starting material for (I) as well.
ChemInform Abstract: CuI‐Catalyzed Aerobic Oxidative α‐Aminaton Cyclization of Ketones to Access Aryl or Alkenyl‐Substituted Imidazoheterocycles.
Authors: Zhang Yuanfei , Chen Zhengkai , Wu Wenliang , Zhang Yuhong , Su Weiping
Published: May 2014

This protocol is compatible with a broad range of functional groups.
ChemInform Abstract: [2 + 2 + 2] Cycloadditions of Siloxy Alkynes with 1,2‐Diazines: From Reaction Discovery to Identification of an Antiglycolytic Chemotype.
Authors: Montavon Timothy J. , Tuerkmen Yunus E. , Shamsi Noumaan A. , Miller Christopher , Sumaria Chintan S. , Rawal Viresh H. , Kozmin Sergey A.
Published: May 2014

Simple pyridazines are unreactive under the investigated conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: Rhodium(II)‐Catalyzed Stereoselective Synthesis of Allylsilanes.
Authors: Guptill David M. , Cohen Carolyn M. , Davies Huw M. L.
Published: May 2014

The reaction proceeds via silyl‐directed intramolecular C—H functionalization yielding a β‐lactone intermediate followed by the decarboxylation.
ChemInform Abstract: Silylation‐Based Kinetic Resolution of α‐Hydroxy Lactones and Lactams.
Authors: Clark Robert W. , Deaton T. Maxwell , Zhang Yan , Moore Maggie I. , Wiskur Sheryl L.
Published: May 2014

Triphenylsilyl chloride in combination with catalytic amounts of (‐)‐benzotetramisole (BAM) allows the non enzymatic kinetic resolution of α‐hydroxy esters and amides.
ChemInform Abstract: Angumycinones A (Ia) and B (Ib), Two New Angucyclic Quinones from Streptomyces sp. KMC004 Isolated from Acidic Mine Drainage.
Authors: Park Hyun Bong , Lee Jae Kyun , Lee Kang Ro , Kwon Hak Cheol
Published: May 2014

Angumycinone B (Ib) exhibits antimicrobial activity against Micrococcus luteus, Enterococcus hirae, and methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA).
ChemInform Abstract: Expeditious Synthesis of the Marine Natural Products Prepolycitrin A and Polycitrins A and B Through Heck Arylations.
Authors: Canto Karen , da Silva Ribeiro Rodrigo , Biajoli Andre F. P. , Correia Carlos Roque D.
Published: May 2014

A concise synthesis of the marine natural product prepolycitrin A (I) and the total syntheses of the marine alkaloids polycitrins A (IIa) and B (IIb) in overall yields of 37% and 47%, respectively are reported.
ChemInform Abstract: [4 + 2] vs [3 + 2] Annulations in the Nickel‐ and Cobalt‐Catalyzed Reaction of ortho‐Haloimines with Alkynes: Differential Reactivity Towards the Synthesis of Isoquinolines and Aminoindenes
Authors: Mannathan Subramaniyan , Cheng Chien‐Hong
Published: May 2014

Review: [17 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Daphniphyllum Alkaloids: Recent Findings on Chemistry and Pharmacology
Authors: Wu Haifeng , Zhang Xiaopo , Ding Lisheng , Chen Shilin , Yang Junshan , Xu Xudong
Published: May 2014

Review: 62 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: A Review on the Chemistry, Coordination, Structure and Biological Properties of 1‐(Acyl/Aroyl)‐3‐(substituted) Thioureas
Authors: Saeed Aamer , Florke Ulrich , Erben Mauricio F.
Published: May 2014

Review: 382 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: The Power of Catalysis
Authors: Moseley Jonathan , Murray Paul
Published: May 2014

Review: 6 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Model Studies with Gold: A Versatile Oxidation and Hydrogenation Catalyst
Authors: Pan Ming , Gong Jinlong , Dong Guangbin , Mullins C. Buddie
Published: May 2014

Review: 46 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Gold Colloids: From Quasi‐Homogeneous to Heterogeneous Catalytic Systems
Authors: Prati Laura , Villa Alberto
Published: May 2014

Review: 36 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Theoretical and Experimental Insights into the Origin of the Catalytic Activity of Subnanometric Gold Clusters: Attempts to Predict Reactivity with Clusters and Nanoparticles of Gold
Authors: Boronat Mercedes , Leyva‐Perez Antonio , Corma Avelino
Published: May 2014

Review: 46 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: The Activation of Gold and the Water‐Gas Shift Reaction: Insights from Studies with Model Catalysts
Authors: Rodriguez Jose A. , Senanayake Sanjaya D. , Stacchiola Dario , Liu Ping , Hrbek Jan
Published: May 2014

Review: 50 refs.
Recycling of Polymers: A Review
Authors: Ignatyev Igor A. , Thielemans Wim , Vander Beke Bob
Published: May 2014

Plastics are inexpensive, easy to mold, and lightweight. These and many other advantages make them very promising candidates for commercial applications. In many areas, they have substantially suppressed traditional materials. However, the problem of recycling still is a major challenge. There are both technological and economic issues that restrain the progress in this field. Herein, a state‐of‐art overview of recycling is provided together with an outlook for the future by using popular polymers such as polyolefins, poly(vinyl chloride), polyurethane, and poly(ethylene terephthalate) as examples. Different types of recycling, primary, secondary, tertiary, quaternary, and biological recycling, are discussed together with related issues, such as compatibilization and cross‐linking. There are various projects in the European Union on research and application of these recycling approaches; selected examples are provided in this article. Their progress is mirrored by granted patents, most of which have a very limited scope and narrowly cover certain technologies. Global introduction of waste utilization techniques to the polymer market is currently not fully developed, but has an enormous potential.
Seaweed‐Derived Heteroatom‐Doped Highly Porous Carbon as an Electrocatalyst for the Oxygen Reduction Reaction
Authors: Song Min Young , Park Hyean Yeol , Yang Dae‐Soo , Bhattacharjya Dhrubajyoti , Yu Jong‐Sung
Published: May 2014

We report the template‐free pyrolysis of easily available natural seaweed, Undaria pinnatifida, as a single precursor, which results in “seaweed carbon” (SCup). Interestingly, thus‐obtained SCup not only contains heteroatoms such as nitrogen and sulfur in its framework, but it also possesses a well‐developed porous structure with high surface area. The heteroatoms in SCup originate from the nitrogen‐ and sulfur‐containing ingredients in seaweed, whereas the porosity is created by removal of salts inherently present in the seaweed. These essential and fundamental properties make seaweed a prime choice as a precursor for heteroatom‐containing highly porous carbon as a metal‐free efficient electrocatalyst. As‐synthesized SCup showed excellent electrocatalytic activity in the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) in alkaline medium, which can be addressed in terms of the presence of the nitrogen and sulfur heteroatoms, the well‐developed porosity, and the electrical conductivity in the carbon framework. The pyrolysis temperature was a key controlling parameter that determined the trade‐off between heteroatom doping, surface properties, and electrical conductivity. In particular, SCup prepared at 1000 °C showed the best ORR performance. Additionally, SCup exhibited enhanced durability and methanol tolerance relative to the state of the art commercial Pt catalyst, which demonstrates that SCup is a promising alternative to costly Pt‐based catalysts for the ORR.
Thermal‐ and Plasma‐Enhanced Copper Film Deposition via a Combined Synthesis‐Transport CVD Technique
Authors: Polyakov Maxim S. , Badalyan Aram M. , Kaichev Vasiliy V. , Igumenov Igor K.
Published: May 2014

Metallic copper thin layers are deposited by means of a modified metal‐organic (MO)CVD method via passing formic acid vapor through a finely dispersed powder of a solid metal‐containing reactant (Cu/CuO) under thermal and plasma activation. To characterize the copper layers obtained, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and UV‐vis spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), diffraction of synchrotron radiation (DSR) analyses, and laser interferometry, are used. The layers are found to be crystalline with a nanometer‐scale grain structure, the parameters of which depend on the experimental conditions and chemical composition, with a predominant content of copper in the metallic state, Cu0. It is revealed that the plasma activation causes a decrease in the mean size of copper grains, as well as film thickness. Average growth rates inherent in the films obtained under thermal and plasma conditions are calculated. Based on studying the composition of a gas‐phase copper complex synthesized, a schematic diagram of chemical conversion is suggested for the combined synthesis‐transport process (CST).
A topology preserving cluster‐based channel assignment for wireless mesh networks
Authors: Athota Kavitha , Negi Atul
Published: May 2014

Wireless Mesh Networks (WMN) with multiple radios and multiple channels are expected to resolve the capacity limitation problem of simpler wireless networks. However, optimal WMN channel assignment (CA) is NP complete, and it requires an optimal mapping of available channels to interfaces mounted over mesh routers. Acceptable solutions to CA must minimize network interference and maximize available network throughput. In this paper, we propose a CA solution called as cluster‐based channel assignment (CBCA). CBCA aims at minimizing co‐channel interference yet retaining topology through non‐default CA. Topology preservation is important because it avoids network partitions and is compatible with single‐interface routers in the network. A ‘non‐default’ CA solution is desired because it uses interfaces over different channels and reduces medium contention among neighbors. To the best of our knowledge, CBCA is a unique cluster‐based CA algorithm that addresses topology preservation using a non‐default channel approach. The main advantage of CBCA is it runs in a distributed manner by allowing cluster heads to perform CA independently. CBCA runs in three stages, where first the WMN nodes are partitioned into clusters. The second stage performs binding of interfaces to neighbors and third stage performs CA. The proposed algorithm improves over previous work because it retains network topology and minimizes network interference, which in turn improves available network throughput. Further, when compared with two other CBCA algorithms, CBCA provides better performance in terms of improved network interference, throughput, delay, and packet delivery ratios when tested upon network topologies with various network densities and traffic loads. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Secured routing in wireless sensor networks using fault‐free and trusted nodes
Authors: Devanagavi Geetha D. , Nalini N. , Biradar Rajashekhar C.
Published: May 2014

Wireless sensor network (WSN) should be designed such that it is able to identify the faulty nodes, rectify the faults, identify compromised nodes from various security threats, and transmit the sensed data securely to the sink node under faulty conditions. In this paper, we propose an idea of integrating fault tolerance and secured routing mechanism in WSN named as fault tolerant secured routing: an integrated approach (FASRI) that establishes secured routes from source to sink node even under faulty node conditions. Faulty nodes are identified using battery power and interference models. Trustworthy nodes (non‐compromised) among fault‐free nodes are identified by using agent‐based trust model. Finally, the data are securely routed through fault‐free non‐compromised nodes to sink. Performance evaluation through simulation is carried out for packet delivery ratio, hit rate, computation overhead, communication overhead, compromised node detection ratio, end‐to‐end delay, memory overhead, and agent overhead. We compared simulation results of FASRI with three schemes, namely multi‐version multi‐path (MVMP), intrusion/fault tolerant routing protocol (IFRP) in WSN, and active node‐based fault tolerance using battery power and interference model (AFTBI) for various measures and found that there is a performance improvement in FASRI compared with MVMP, IFRP, and AFTBI. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
“I'm concerned – What Do I Do?” recognition and management of disordered eating in fitness center settings
Authors: Bratland‐Sanda Solfrid , Sundgot‐Borgen Jorunn
Published: May 2014

Objective

To examine group fitness instructors' knowledge and attitudes toward identification and management of disordered eating (DE).

Method

Group fitness instructors representing the three largest fitness center companies in Norway (n = 837, response rate: 57%) completed a questionnaire through Questback (www.questback.com). The questionnaire contained items regarding gender, age, educational background, exercise behavior, and knowledge of recognition and response to DE.

Results

Eighty‐nine percent of the respondents reported knowledge about symptoms of DE, 29% was classified with adequate DE knowledge skills. Forty‐nine percent of the instructors reported current concern about DE among one or more members, 47% reported knowledge about how to recognize and respond to DE, and 37% reported knowledge about their fitness center's guidelines for approaching DE concerns. The level of formal education in sports and exercise, and a history of self‐reported eating disorder, but not fitness instructor experience, were explanatory factors for knowledge about DE symptoms. Both exercise specific educational level and instructor experience were explanatory variables for knowledge about recognition of and response to DE concerns.

Discussion

Implications of the findings include a need for increased confidence among group fitness instructors regarding how to approach DE concerns, increased awareness of excessive/compulsive exercise as a symptom of DE, and enhanced dissemination of existing guidelines for managing DE concerns among members and/or staff. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. (Int J Eat Disord 2015; 48:415–423)
Nonreciprocal Propagation Characteristics of 526‐GHz Submillimeter Wave in Surface Waveguide Utilizing Solid‐State Plasma
Authors: Yodokawa Shinichi , Obunai Tetsuo , Kurabayashi Toru
Published: May 2014

The temperature and magnetic field dependence of 526‐GHz submillimeter wave propagation characteristics in surface waveguide utilizing an n‐InSb slab as plasma material have been studied experimentally and theoretically. The results of theoretical analysis indicate that a surface wave resonance occurs and nonreciprocity of more than 27 dB/mm appears in the transmission in an applied magnetic field of 0.2 T at 77 K, and that at temperatures above 180 K, increases with increasing temperature. Experimentally observed results are in qualitative agreement with theoretical predictions. These findings indicate the possibility of achieving nonreciprocal devices in a surface waveguide consisting of an n‐InSb slab.
Fast Search Method for Audio Fingerprinting Systems Based on Query Multiplexing
Authors: Xiao Qingmei , Daito Yusaku , Matsumoto Kazuyuki , Suzuki Motoyuki , Kita Kenji
Published: May 2014

In music information retrieval, a huge search space has to be explored because a query audio clip can start at any position of any music in the database, and also a query is often corrupted by highly significant noise and distortion. Audio fingerprints have attracted much attention recently for providing compact representation of the perceptually relevant parts of audio signals. In this paper, we propose an extremely fast method of exploring a huge Hamming space for audio fingerprinting systems. The effectiveness of our method has been evaluated by experiments using databases of 8740 real songs and 800 artificially corrupted and 268 real queries.
High‐Quality Panoramic Image Generation Using Multiple PAL Images
Authors: Shibata Keiji , Araki Satoshi , Maeda Kei , Horita Yuukou
Published: May 2014

Video surveillance using intelligent camera systems is widely used in many fields such as traffic control, driving assistance, and surgery. But image acquisition of a large field of view for video surveillance makes infeasible the use of multiple camera systems or mechanically controlled cameras. To solve this problem, an omnidirectional camera system using a panoramic annular lens may be used, with many advantages such as compactness and the lack of a need for calibration. Nevertheless, the low spatial resolution of the angle of elevation for the vertical direction of images captured using PAL may incur drawbacks such as quality degradation of images after panoramic expansion. To overcome these disadvantages, a high‐quality panoramic image generation method is required. Therefore, we propose a high‐quality panoramic image generation method using multiple panoramic annular lens images. By synthesizing multiple PAL images at different zoom rates, we can obtain fine quality panoramic images.
Syntheses, Characterization, and Magneto–Structural Analyses in μ1,3‐Acetato‐Bridged Tetracopper(II) and μ1,3‐ and μ1,1,3‐Acetato‐Bridged Pentanickel(II) Clusters
Authors: Das Sudhanshu , Sorace Lorenzo , Guha Averi , Sanyal Ria , Kara Hulya , Caneschi Andrea , Zangrando Ennio , Das Debasis
Published: May 2014

Two pentanuclear NiII complexes, [Ni5(L1)2(CH3COO)6(OH)2(MeOH)2] (1) and [Ni5(L2)2(CH3COO)6(OH)2(H2O)2] (2), and one tetranuclear CuII complex, [Cu4(L3)2(CH3COO)4(O)] (3), have been synthesized from phenol‐based “end‐off” compartmental ligands HL1 to HL3 {HL1 = 2,6‐bis[ethyl(2‐thienyl)iminomethyl]‐4‐tert‐butylphenol; HL2 = 2,6‐bis[ethyl(2‐thienyl)iminomethyl]‐4‐chlorophenol and HL3 = 2,6‐bis[ethyl(2‐thienyl)iminomethyl]‐4‐methylphenol, respectively}. The complexes have been structurally characterized and their magnetic properties have been investigated within the temperature range 2.2–300 K. Complexes 1 and 2 comprise two dinuclear [Ni2L2] units linked to a central Ni ion by bridging μ3‐hydroxo groups. The cluster is stabilized by syn‐syn‐μ1,3‐bridging and μ1,1,3‐bridging acetate anions. The structural analysis of 3 revealed two crystallographically independent complexes that consisted of a tetrahedron of CuII ions connected to a central μ4‐oxo species and further bridged by four acetate groups along four of the six edges of the Cu4 core. The other two edges are occupied by μ‐phenoxo bridges from the deprotonated L3 ligand. Magnetic investigations revealed both ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic interactions in 1 and 2 with single‐ion zero‐field splitting of magnitude comparable to exchange interactions, and strong antiferromagnetic interactions in 3.
Synthesis and Characterization of New Ferrocene‐Containing Ionic Liquids
Authors: Gharib Bhasem , Hirsch Andreas
Published: May 2014

A series of several new families of ferrocene‐containing imidazolium salts were synthesized by etherification of ferrocene methanol, acylation of ferrocene, and amide coupling of ferrocene carboxylic acid. The etherification was achieved by an acid‐catalyzed procedure and very good yields of between 86–93 % were obtained. Next to the nature of the linkage itself, the lengths of the alkyl chains linking the ferrocenyl moiety and the imidazolium group and the nature of the counterions were also varied. Interestingly, a γ‐effect can be observed for the ether compounds but this effect was only visible in 13C NMR spectroscopy. These new redox‐active ionic liquids were fully characterized by FTIR, 1H, 19F, and 13C NMR spectroscopy, and by MS, HRMS and elemental analysis.
Highly sensitive detection of cancer cells based on the DNA barcode assay and microcapillary electrophoretic analysis
Authors: Chung Soyi , Cho Minkyung , Hwan Jung Jae , Seok Seo Tae
Published: May 2014

Electrophoresis 2014, 35, 1504–1508. DOI: 10.1002/elps.201400001

Combination of DNA biobarcode assay with micro‐capillary electrophoretic analysis on a chip allows us to perform breast and colorectal cancer cell detection with high sensitivity, multiplexity, and accuracy.

image
Flexibility Optimization of a Hexapod Machine Tool
Authors: Henninger Christoph , Kübler Lars , Eberhard Peter
Published: May 2014

Lightweigth structures like Stuart platforms for manufacturing processes and space application require low flexibility in order to guarantee high motion accuracy. In this paper two methods of flexibility optimization are presented and applied to design variants of a hexapod machine tool. The first one is based on a multibody system simulation (MBS). Here, the hexapod is modeled as a rigid multibody system under consideration of joint elasticities. Actuator amplitudes in the links associated with desired end‐effector trajectories are computed by inverse kinematics. Hence, dynamic forces and torques are not considered and, as there is no closed‐loop control realized so far in the model and the built machine, the actual rotational and translational positions of the end‐effector deviate from the desired pose due to machining loads. These deviations serve as objective functions during the optimization. Further, the obtained results are verified by considering the linearized elastostatic behavior. As a second method, a more general optimization approach based on the tangential stiffness matrix is introduced. Here, the flexibility behavior of the machine is optimized considering the whole workspace. The results are then compared with the results from the MBS‐based optimizations which consider only the poses on a sample trajectory. (© 2004 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
A Unified Approach to the Energy‐Consistent Numer‐ical Integration of Nonholonomic Mechanical Systems and Flexible Multibody Dynamics
Authors: Betsch Peter
Published: May 2014

The present work deals with the energy‐consistent numerical integration of mechanical systems with mixed holonomic and nonholonomic constraints. The underlying differentialalgebraic equations (DAEs) with index three are directly discretized. This approach makes possible the development of a new energy‐consistent time‐stepping scheme for general nonholonomic systems. In particular, both nonholonomic problems from rigid body dynamics as well as flexible multibody dynamics can be treated in a unified manner. In this connection specific constrained formulations of rigid bodies and geometrically exact beams are presented. Moreover, the newly developed discrete null space method is applied to achieve a size‐reduction and an improved conditioning of the discrete system. The numerical examples deal with a nonholonomic rigid body system and a flexible multibody system. (© 2004 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Reply to RIVLIN's Material symmetry revisited or Much Ado About Nothing
Authors: Bertram A. , Svendsen B.
Published: May 2014

In a recent paper, Rivlin (2002) ”revised” the concepts of material symmetry and strongly criticises the approach to symmetry and frame‐indifference by Truesdell and Noll (1964). A simple comparison of these approaches, however, leads us to the conclusion that ‐ apart from some minor and irrelevant differences ‐ the two approaches have more in common than Rivlin concedes. To show this, we will brießy describe these two approaches and then show how they are related to each other. (© 2004 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Calculus of variations, implicit partial differential equations and microstructure
Authors: Dacorogna Bernard
Published: May 2014

We study existence of solutions for implicit partial differential equations of the form$\{ {\matrix{\displaystyle {F(x,u,Du)=0} \cr {{a}{.e}{.}\;{in}\;{\Omega }} \cr {u=\varphi } \cr {{on}\;\partial {\Omega }{.}} \cr} }.$ as well as minimization problems of the type$\displaystyle \inf \{ {{\textstyle\vint_{\Omega } {f(Du(x))dx:u=\varphi \;{on}\;\partial {\Omega }}} } \}\fleqno$We discuss several examples that are relevant for applications to geometry, non linear elasticity or optimal design. All these examples exhibit what can be called microstructures. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Quasistatic brittle fracture seen as an energy minimizing movement
Authors: Francfort G.A.
Published: May 2014

This article presents an overview of the current state of the variational theory of quasistatic brittle fracture. It is shown that that theory, while departing only slightly from the classical theory of Griffith, alleviates many of the obstacles usually associated with quasistatic crack growth. The underlying mathematics are outlined, the various available results sketched, and the drawbacks discussed. Two numerical computations, well beyond the scope of the classical theory, are presented. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Structured Eigenvalue Problems
Authors: Fassbender Heike , Kressner Daniel
Published: May 2014

Most eigenvalue problems arising in practice are known to be structured. Structure is often introduced by discretization and linearization techniques but may also be a consequence of properties induced by the original problem. Preserving this structure can help preserve physically relevant symmetries in the eigenvalues of the matrix and may improve the accuracy and efficiency of an eigenvalue computation. The purpose of this brief survey is to highlight these facts for some common matrix structures. This includes a treatment of rather general concepts such as structured condition numbers and backward errors as well as an overview of algorithms and applications for several matrix classes including symmetric, skew‐symmetric, persymmetric, block cyclic, Hamiltonian, symplectic and orthogonal matrices. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Cylindromatosis gene CYLD regulates hepatocyte growth factor expression in hepatic stellate cells through interaction with histone deacetylase 7
Authors: Pannem Rajeswara R. , Dorn Christoph , Hellerbrand Claus , Massoumi Ramin
Published: May 2014

Hepatic fibrosis is considered as a physiological wound-healing response to liver injury. The process involves several factors, such as hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), which restrains hepatic injury and facilitates reversibility of fibrotic reaction in response to an acute insult. Chronic liver injury and sustained inflammation cause progressive fibrosis and, ultimately, organ dysfunction. The mechanisms tipping the balance from restoration to progressive liver tissue scarring are not well understood. In the present study, we identify a mechanism in which the tumor-suppressor gene, cylindromatosis (CYLD), confers protection from hepatocellular injury and fibrosis. Mice lacking CYLD (CYLD−/−) were highly susceptible to hepatocellular damage, inflammation, and fibrosis and revealed significantly lower hepatic HGF levels, compared to wild-type (WT) animals. Exogenous application of HGF rescued the liver injury phenotype of CYLD−/− mice. In the absence of CYLD, gene transcription of HGF in hepatic stellate cells was repressed through binding of histone deacetylase 7 (HDAC7) to the promoter of HGF. In WT cells, CYLD removed HDAC7 from the HGF promoter and induced HGF expression. Of note, this interaction occurred independently of the deubiquitinating activity of CYLD. Conclusions: Our findings highlight a novel link between CYLD and HDAC7, offering mechanistic insight into the contribution of these proteins to progression of liver disease. Thus, through regulation of HGF level, CYLD ameliorates hepatocellular damage and liver fibrogenesis. (Hepatology 2014;60:1066–1081)
Synthesis and Antimicrobial Activity of a New Class of Sulfonylmethane Linked Bisheterocycles
Authors: Venkatapuram Padmavathi , Dandu Seenaiah , Chokkappagari Premakumari , Adivireddy Padmaja
Published: May 2014

A new class of sulfonylmethane linked bisheterocycles were prepared and studied their antimicrobial activity.
Synthesis of 3‐Aryl/methoxycarbonyl‐3,4‐dihydroisocoumarin‐6‐carboxylic Acid Derivatives
Authors: Turytsya Victor V. , Ostapiuk Yuri V. , Matiychuk Vasyl V. , Obushak Mykola D.
Published: May 2014

3‐Substituted methyl 3,4‐dihydroisocoumarin‐6‐carboxylates were obtained by the intramolecular cyclization of 2,5‐dimethoxycarbonyl benzenediazonium bromides with methyl/ethyl acrylate and styrenes under Meerwein's arylation conditions.
Synthesis of Some Novel Heterocyclic Xylidinyl Amines and Carboxamides
Authors: Abdelrazek Fathy M. , Farghaly Mohamed S. , Abdelrahman Hussein E.
Published: May 2014

The xylidines 1a, 1b undergo condensation with ethyl cyanoacetate 2 and ethyl benzoyl acetate 15 to afford the cyano acetanilides 3a, 3b and the β‐diketones 16a, 16b, respectively. Compounds 3a, 3b react with hydrazine and phenyl hydrazine to afford the azine‐bis derivatives 5a, 5b and 7a, 7b, whereas 16a, 16b react with the same reagents to afford the pyrazolyl amine derivatives 17a, 17b and 18a, 18b, respectively. Compounds 3a, 3b react also with dimethylformamide dimethylacetal to afford the enaminonitriles 8a, 8b, whereas 16a, 16b react with the same reagent to afford only the enaminone 19b. The enaminonitriles 8a, 8b react with hydrazine and phenyl hydrazine to afford also the azine‐bis derivatives 11a, 11b and 14a, 14b, respectively.
Morphometric analysis of tropical storm and hurricane tracks in the North Atlantic basin using a sinuosity‐based approach
Authors: Terry James P. , Kim Ick‐Hoi
Published: May 2014

Quantitative analysis is carried on the shape of over 420 tropical storm and hurricane tracks in the North Atlantic basin for the period 1965–2011. A sinuosity metric is used as the basis for track morphometry, applied to best‐track data accessed from the IBTrACs archive maintained by NOAA. GIS tools, track mapping according to sinuosity category, and various statistical analyses permit temporal and spatial patterns in track shape to be identified and investigated. Temporal analysis reveals no underlying long‐term trend in track sinuosity over the past 4.5 decades, implying an absence of climatic‐change forcing on storm migration behaviour at the basin scale. Instead, large inter‐annual variability dominates, although it is possible to observe episodes of notable cyclic swings in average sinuosity towards straighter or more sinuous tracks. Seasonality in track behaviour is pronounced, as similarly reported for other ocean basins. Predictable straight and quasi‐straight track types are more common (64–100%) during the early months (May to July) of the hurricane season, with this reversing at the peak and later phase of the season (September, November) to a predominance for quasi‐sinuous and sinuous tracks (58–70%). In spatial terms, track morphometric analysis according to 10° longitudinal zone of cyclogenesis is valuable, revealing that storm origin is reasonably indicative of likely track shape over the subsequent lifespan. Thus, while 62–68% of storms spawned west of 80°W in the Caribbean Sea – Gulf of Mexico region show a tendency to follow straighter tracks, 67–72% of storms formed east of 40°W in the central‐eastern North Atlantic subsequently describe more sinuous tracks. Overall, these patterns are seen to influence the geographic potential of storm landfall. This is important for societal vulnerability on coastlines at risk, since storms exhibiting higher track sinuosity generally prove to survive longer, migrate farther and therefore display greater potential for inflicting damage over wider areas.
SERS study of a tetrapeptide based on histidine and glycine residues, adsorbed on copper/silver colloidal nanoparticles
Authors: Gellini Cristina , Sabatino Giuseppina , Papini Anna Maria , Muniz‐Miranda Maurizio
Published: May 2014

Surface‐enhanced Raman scattering has been employed to characterize the adsorption of an oligopeptide containing histidine residues on colloidal nanoparticles of metals as Ag and Cu obtained by laser ablation. The title molecule consists of two histidine and glycine residues alternating along the chain and terminating with an acetyl on one side and an amide group on the other. Histidine residues are found to act as docking sites of the molecule to the surface of the metal nanoparticles. Semiempirical parameterized model number 3 (PM3) calculations performed on molecule/metal model complexes suggest possible different adsorption geometries depending on the metallic substrate. This investigation could provide useful information to address the interaction of protein systems with metal ions, which is often related to fundamental biological process in living systems and can play an important role in different neuropathological diseases. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Understanding gluten‐free dough for reaching breads with physical quality and nutritional balance
Authors: Matos María E , Rosell Cristina M
Published: May 2014

In the last decade the development of gluten‐free foodstuffs has attracted great attention as a result of better diagnoses of coeliac disease and a greater knowledge of the relationship between gluten‐free products and health. The increasing interest has prompted extensive research into the development of gluten‐free foodstuffs that resemble gluten‐containing foods. This review aims to provide some insights on dough functionality and process conditions regarding bread quality and to point out recent research dealing with the nutritional composition of those products. Gluten‐free dough results from the combination of different ingredients, additives, and the processing aids required for building up network structures responsible for bread quality. Some relationships between dough rheology and bread characteristics were established to identify possible predictor parameters. Regarding bread‐making processes, the impact of mixing, dough treatment and baking is stated. Nutritional quality is an important asset when developing gluten‐free breads, and different strategies for improving it are reviewed. Gluten‐free bread quality is dependent on ingredients and additives combination, but also processing can provide a way to improve bread quality. Nutritive value of the gluten‐free breads must be always in mind when setting up recipes, for obtaining nutritionally balanced bread with adequate glycaemic index. © 2014 Society of Chemical Industry
Corrosion behavior of HVOF sprayed coatings of NiTiC and Ni(Ti,W)C SHS produced composite powders and Ni + TiC mixed powder
Authors: Karbasi M. , Zamanzad Ghavidel M. R. , Nekahi A.
Published: May 2014

In this research, the corrosion behavior of different types of (NiTiC) coatings produced by high velocity oxy‐fuel (HVOF) technique was studied. NiTiC and Ni(Ti,W)C composite powders were produced by self‐propagation high temperature synthesis (SHS). These powders as feedstock were thermally sprayed on steel substrates in comparison with a conventional powder mixture of Ni + TiC. The microstructures of the produced coatings were characterized using SEM micrographs. The presence of different phases in the microstructure was investigated using EDS analysis and XRD patterns. Also, the behavior of the coatings against a corrosive media was studied using Tafel polarization tests. The results show that the NiTiC and Ni(WTi)C coatings exhibited better corrosion resistance than conventional Ni + TiC mixture coating due to the increment of the homogeneity of the structure and the decrement of the porosity level. In addition, the presence of W in the microstructure of Ni(WTi)C coating provided the least pitting and highest general corrosion.
HOXA9 inhibits migration of lung cancer cells and its hypermethylation is associated with recurrence in non‐small cell lung cancer
Authors: Hwang Jung‐Ah , Lee Bo Bin , Kim Yujin , Hong Seung‐Hyun , Kim Young‐Ho , Han Joungho , Shim Young Mog , Yoon Chae‐Yeong , Lee Yeon‐Su , Kim Duk‐Hwan
Published: May 2014

This study was aimed at understanding the clinicopathological significance of HOXA9 hypermethylation in non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). HOXA9 hypermethylation was characterized in six lung cancer cell lines, and its clinicopathological significance was analyzed using methylation‐specific PCR in 271 formalin‐fixed paraffin‐embedded tissues and 27 fresh‐frozen tumor and matched normal tissues from 298 NSCLC patients, and Ki‐67 expression was analyzed using immunohistochemistry. The promoter region of HOXA9 was highly methylated in six lung cancer cell lines, but not in normal bronchial epithelial cells. The loss of expression was restored by treatment of the cells with a demethylating agent, 5‐aza‐2′‐deoxycytidine (5‐Aza‐dC). Transient transfection of HOXA9 into H23 lung cancer cells resulted in the inhibition of cell migration but not proliferation. Conversely, sequence‐specific siRNA‐mediated knockdown of HOXA9 enhanced cell migration. The mRNA levels of HOXA9 in 27 fresh‐frozen tumor tissues were significantly lower than in matched normal tissues (P < 0.0001; Wilcoxon signed‐rank test). HOXA9 hypermethylation was found in 191 (70%) of 271 primary NSCLCs. HOXA9 hypermethylation was not associated with tumor size (P = 0.12) and Ki‐67 proliferation index (P = 0.15). However, patients with HOXA9 hypermethylation had poor recurrence‐free survival (hazard ratio = 3.98, 95% confidence interval = 1.07–17.09, P = 0.01) in never‐smokers, after adjusting for age, sex, tumor size, adjuvant therapy, pathologic stage, and histology. In conclusion, the present study suggests that HOXA9 inhibits migration of lung cancer cells and its hypermethylation is an independent prognostic factor for recurrence‐free survival in never‐smokers with NSCLC. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Exploring the complexities of information practices through arts‐based research
Authors: Given Lisa M. , O'Brien Heather , Absar Rafa , Greyson Devon
Published: May 2014

Within and beyond Library and Information Science (LIS), researchers are employing participatory, arts‐based research as one way of extending traditional research methods. The use of creative methods can enrich our understanding of complex information practices, particularly in multimedia information environments. This panel will provide an overview of arts‐involved practices of data collection, data analysis and knowledge exchange, including examples of specific applications within LIS research projects. We will discuss the ways creative arts may function socially and psychologically among researchers and research participants, as well as topics and populations with which arts‐involved methods may be especially enriching.
Questioning the visual: Research methods and the problem of perception
Authors:   SIG VIS ‐ Visualization, Images, and Sound, Beaudoin Joan E. , Ménard Elaine
Published: May 2014

This panel examines the state of visually oriented research methods used within the domain of library and information science through a series of recently completed and in‐progress studies. The nature of the research questions being asked within studies using visual research methods forms the core of this examination and this is further clarified through an assessment of how these methods have been put into practice within the research process.
Preserving and accessing the history of ASIST and information science
Authors: La Barre Kathryn , Buchanan Sarah A. , Hahn Trudi Bellardo , Williams Robert V.
Published: May 2014

Panel members discuss ongoing efforts to preserve and access four different types of historical resources useful to anyone interested in doing research and publication on the history of ASIST and the field of information science and technology generally. Each presenter will conclude with a discussion of areas of weakness/neglect in these resources, and recommendations for improvement. These resources are: (1) the archives of ASIST; (2) the foundational and developmental histories of ASIST Special Interest Groups (SIGs) and Chapters; (3) the photographic/visual record of ASIST; (4) the oral history record of ASIST and information science leaders. This progression will facilitate the panelists' discussion of opportunities for engaging with ASIST resources at the national, regional, and individual levels. Each panel member has extensive experience in working with the resources discussed and was a member of the 75th Anniversary Task Force.
Examining the effects of task topic familiarity on searchers' behaviors in different task types
Authors: Liu Jingjing , Liu Chang , Belkin Nicholas
Published: May 2014

In this paper, we examined the effects of information searchers' familiarity with task topics on their search behaviors, in different task types. Data were collected in a controlled laboratory experiment, participated by 32 undergraduate journalism students. Each participant searched on four tasks varying along four task facets: task product (being factual or a mix of intellectual/factual), level (the needed information being the whole document or a segment of the document), task goal (being specific, amorphous, or a mix of specific/amorphous), and complexity (being low or high). Results show that when all task types were considered together, people with different levels of topic familiarity showed differences in some search behaviors. In task types categorized by task goal and task complexity, very few behavioral variables showed differences between searchers with different levels of topic knowledge. However, in task types categorized by task product and task level, more behavioral variables showed differences between searchers with different levels of topic knowledge. Our results suggested that search behaviors may be used as implicit indicators of searchers' topic familiarity, and that task type is an important factor to consider while doing such kind of prediction.
Supporting exploratory search tasks with interactive user modeling
Authors: Ruotsalo Tuukka , Athukorala Kumaripaba , Głowacka Dorota , Konyushkova Ksenia , Oulasvirta Antti , Kaipiainen Samuli , Kaski Samuel , Jacucci Giulio
Published: May 2014

This paper presents the design and study of interactive user modeling to support exploratory search tasks. Contrary to traditional interactions, such as query based search, query suggestions, or relevance feedback, interactive user modeling allows a user to perceive the state of the user model at all times and provide feedback that directly rewards or penalizes it. The technique allows the user to continuously tune the system's belief about the user's evolving information needs. We demonstrate that such functionality is useful in exploratory search where users need to get accustomed to a body of literature in a domain. We conducted two experiments where scientists carried out exploratory search tasks with our implementation of an interactive user modeling and retrieval system (SciNet) and two baselines: SciNet from which interactive user modeling was excluded and a real‐world baseline (Google Scholar). The results show that interactive user modeling can help users to more effectively find relevant, novel and diverse information without compromises in task execution time.
The role of data reuse in the apprenticeship process
Authors: Kriesberg Adam , Frank Rebecca D. , Faniel Ixchel M. , Yakel Elizabeth
Published: May 2014

The availability of research data through digital repositories has made data reuse a possibility in a growing number of fields. This paper reports on the results of interviews with 27 zoologists, 43 quantitative social scientists and 22 archaeologists. It examines how data reuse contributes to the apprenticeship process and aids students in becoming full members of scholarly disciplines. Specifically, it investigates how data reuse contributes to the processes by which novice researchers join academic communities of practice. We demonstrate how projects involving data reuse provide a unique opportunity for advisors to mentor novices through the process of creating knowledge. In these situations, senior researchers model general reuse practices and impart skills for their students to use in the future when selecting, evaluating, and analyzing data they did not collect. For novices, data reuse constitutes a form of legitimate peripheral participation, a way for them to enter the community of practice by analyzing data that has been previously collected and reflecting on others' methodologies. Our study findings indicate that reuse occurs across each target community studied. They also suggest how repositories can help foster a reuse culture by providing access to data and building trust in research communities.