bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Factors Influencing the Deterioration from Cognitive Decline of Normal Aging to Dementia among Nursing Home Residents
Authors: Hayajneh Audai A. , Rababa Mohammad , Alghwiri Alia A. , Masha'al Dina
Published: November 2020

Background: A dearth of differential research exists regarding the determinants of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and moderate cognitive impairment or dementia among nursing home residents. This study aimed to identify and examine the association between medical factors (number of comorbidities, hospitalization, disability, depression, frailty and quality of life) and moderate cognitive impairment or dementia in nursing homes residents.Methods: A cross-sectional design was used in this study. Convenience sampling of 182 participants was conducted in nursing homes located in the central part of Jordan. Montreal cognitive assessment (MoCA) was used to screen both MCI and moderate cognitive impairment or dementia. Bivariate analysis, including t-test and ANOVA test, and logistic and linear regression models were used to examine and identify the medical factors associated with moderate cognitive impairment or dementia compared to mild cognitive impairment.Results: Most nursing home residents had MCI (87.4%) compared to a few with moderate cognitive impairment or dementia. Age (t = -2.773), number of comorbidities (t = -4.045), depression (t = -4.809), frailty (t = -4.038), and quality of life physical (t = 3.282) and mental component summaries (t = 2.469) were significantly different between the stages of cognitive impairment. Marital status (t = -4.050, p < 0.001), higher-income (t = 3.755, p < 0.001), recent hospitalization (t = 2.622,p = 0.01), depression (t = -2.737, p = 0.007), and frailty (t = 2.852, p = 0.005) were significantly associated with mental ability scores among nursing home residents.Conclusion: The coexistence of comorbidities and depression among nursing home residents with MCI necessitates prompt management by healthcare providers to combat depressive symptoms in order to delay the dementia trajectory among at-risk residents.Trail registration: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04589637, October 15,2020, Retrospectively registered.
Maternal Health Care Service utilization among Young Married Women in India, 1992-2016: Trends and determinants
Authors: Singh Pooja , Singh Kaushalendra Kumar , Singh Pragya
Published: November 2020

Background: Maternal deaths among young women (15-24 years) shares 38% of total maternal mortality in India. Utilizing maternal health care services can reduce a substantial proportion of maternal mortality. However, there is a paucity of studies focusing on young women in this context. This paper therefore aimed to examine the trends and determinants of full antenatal care (ANC) and skilled birth attendance (SBA) utilization among young married women in India.Methods: The study analysed data from the four rounds of National Family Health Surveys conducted in India during the years 1992–93, 1998–99, 2005–06 and 2015–16. Young married women aged 15-24 years with at least one live birth in the three years preceding the survey were considered for analysis in each survey round. We used descriptive statistics to assess the prevalence and trends in full ANC and SBA use. Pooled multivariate logistic regression was conducted to identify the demographic and socioeconomic determinants of the selected maternity care services. Results: The use of full ANC among young mothers increased from 27% to 46% in India, and from 9% to 28% in EAG (Empowered Action Group) states during 1992-2016. SBA utilization was 88% and 83% during 2015-16 by showing an increment of 20% and 50% since 1992 in India and EAG states, respectively. Findings from multivariate analysis revealed significant difference in the use of selected maternal health care services by maternal age, residence, education, birth order and wealth quintile. Additionally, Muslim women, women belonging to scheduled caste (SC)/ scheduled tribe (ST) social group, and women unexposed to mass media were less likely to utilize both the maternal health care services. Concerning the time effect, the odds of the utilization of full ANC and SBA among young women was found to increase over time.Conclusions: Utilization of full ANC remained unacceptably low, specifically in EAG states. Programmatic interventions, targeting women residing in EAG states, adolescents, illiterate, poor and Muslim and SC/ST women would help to increase full ANC utilization and to maintain the increasing trend of SBA use.
Effectiveness of the Close Collaboration with Parents intervention on parent-infant closeness in NICU 
Authors: He Felix , Axelin Anna , Ahlqvist-Björkroth Sari , Raiskila Simo , Löyttyniemi Eliisa , Lehtonen Liisa
Published: November 2020

Background Parent-infant closeness during hospital care of newborns has many benefits for both infants and parents. We developed an educational intervention for neonatal staff, Close Collaboration with Parents, to increase parent-infant closeness during hospital care. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of the intervention on parent-infant closeness in nine hospitals in Finland.MethodsParents of hospitalized infants were recruited in the hospitals during 3-month periods before and after the Close Collaboration with Parents intervention. The data were collected using daily Closeness diaries. Mothers and fathers separately filled in the time they spent in the hospital and the time of skin-to-skin contact with their infant during each hospital care day until discharge. Statistical analyses were done using a linear model with covariates.ResultsDiaries were kept before and after the intervention by a total of 170 and 129 mothers and 126 and 84 fathers, respectively. Either parent was present on average 453 minutes per day before the intervention and 620 minutes after the intervention in the neonatal unit. In the adjusted model, the increase was 99 minutes per day (p=0.0007). The infants were in skin-to-skin contact on average 76 minutes per day before the intervention and 114 minutes after the intervention. In the adjusted model, skin-to-skin contact increased by 24 minutes per day (p=0.0405).ConclusionThe Close Collaboration with Parents intervention increased parents’ presence and skin-to-skin contact in nine hospitals. This study suggests that parent-infant closeness may be one mediating factor explaining benefits of parenting interventions.
Genomic regions associated with stripe rust resistance against the Egyptian race revealed by genome-wide association study
Authors: Mohamed Abou-Zeid A. , Mourad Amira M. I.
Published: November 2020

Background: Wheat stripe rust (caused by Puccinia striiformis f. sp. Tritici), is a major disease that causes huge yield damage. New pathogen races appeared in the last few years and caused a broke down in the resistant genotypes. In Egypt, some of the resistant genotypes began to be susceptible to stripe rust in recent years. This situation increases the need to produce new genotypes with durable resistance. Besides, looking for a new resistant source from the available wheat genotypes all over the world help in enhancing the breeding programs. Results: In the recent study, a set of 103-spring wheat genotypes from different fourteen countries were evaluated to their field resistant to stripe rust for two years. These genotypes included 17 Egyptian genotypes from the old and new cultivars. The 103-spring wheat genotypes were reported to be well adapted to the Egyptian environmental conditions. Out of the tested genotypes, eight genotypes from four different countries were found to be resistant in both years. Genotyping was carried out using genotyping-by-sequencing and a set of 26,703 SNPs were used in the genome-wide association study. Five SNP markers, located on chromosomes 2A and 4A, were found to be significantly associated with the resistance in both years. Three gene models associated with disease resistance and underlying these significant SNPs were identified. One immune Iranian genotype, with the highest number of different alleles from the most resistant Egyptian genotypes, was detected. Conclusion: the high variation among the tested genotypes in their resistance to the Egyptian stripe rust race confirming the possible improvement of stripe rust resistance in the Egyptian wheat genotypes. The identified five SNP markers are stable and could be used in marker-assisted selection after validation in different genetic backgrounds. Crossing between the immune Iranian genotype and the Egyptian genotypes will improve stripe rust resistance in Egypt.
Seeking safety: a focus group study of young adults’ cannabis-related attitudes, and behavior in a state with legalized recreational cannabis
Authors: Amroussia Nada , Watanabe Mika , Pearson Jennifer L
Published: November 2020

Background Only July 1, 2017, Nevada became the fifth U.S. state to allow the legal sale of recreational cannabis products for adults ages of 21 and over. This study investigates young adults’ cannabis-related attitudes, perceptions, and behaviors in a state where recreational and medical cannabis use was recently legalized.MethodsWe conducted 8 focus groups stratified by cannabis use (regular users, occasional users, and nonusers) with 32 college students ages 18 to 24. Data were analyzed using the inductive qualitative thematic analysis method. ResultsFour themes emerged during analyses: “sort of legal,” “mitigating harm through legalization,” “Increasing acceptance,” and “seeking safety when purchasing cannabis.” Despite their limited knowledge of cannabis regulation, the majority of the participants supported recreational cannabis legalization from a harm reduction perspective. Most participants did not believe that cannabis legalization had affected their use behavior. However, participants, especially cannabis users, perceived that recreational cannabis legalization created a context where cannabis use was legally, socially, and behaviorally “safer” than in an illegal context, even for those below the legal age of sale. Conclusions Most studies focus on the role of perceived health risk on cannabis use. If there are population-level long-term effects of recreational cannabis legalization on use behavior, findings suggest that they will be mediated by the perceived legal, social, and behavioral risk of using cannabis.
Application of bilateral internal mammary artery with different configurations in coronary artery bypass grafting
Authors: Han Zengqiang , Zhang Guodong , Chen Shenglong , Liu Gang , Chen Yu
Published: November 2020

Background: A large number of studies have shown that BIMA grafting is superior to single internal mammary artery grafting in cardiac function protection and long-term survival after surgery. While, there is still no consensus on how is the best configuration to use BIMA. This study aims to compare intraoperative blood flow, early clinical results and early postoperative patency of different configurations of BIMA.Methods:There were 74 patients who underwent CABGs with bilateral internal mammary artery with different configurations we included. According to the different target territories that RIMA grafted to, the patients were divided into bilateral group (group I) with 20 cases and left group (group II) with 54 cases. Intraoperative blood flow, early clinical results and early postoperative patency of different configurations of BIMA were compared.Results: There was no difference in the early postoperative death and major complications between group I and Group II(P＞0.05). Compared with the LIMA in group II, the LIMA in group I had a slightly higher DF value (76.7±6.2 vs 73.1±6.8, P=0.040). Compared with the RIMA in group II, the RIMA in group I had a slightly higher MGF (51.7±34.4ml/min vs 31.4±21.4ml/min, P=0.024). There was no difference in the other TTFM parameters of LIMA and RIMA between group I and Group II(P＞0.05). Further subgroup analysis revealed that compared with free RIMA in group II, in situ RIMA had a higher DF value(71.4±7.8 vs 61.8±18.1 ,P=0.025).The PI of LIMA in free RIMA subgroup was higher than the PI of LIMA in in-situ RIMA subgroup(3.0±1.6 vs 2.1±1.0,P=0.018). The results of early postoperative CTA examination showed that all IMAs grafts were completely patent.ConclusionsThe use of BIMA for CABG is safe and efficacious, RIMA used in right coronary artery received more satisfactory graft flow. BIMA with no stenosis and occlusion in the early stage, therefore is the ideal and stable coronary bypass graft.
Mutations in SARS-CoV-2 spike protein and RNA polymerase complex are associated with COVID-19 mortality risk
Authors: Lange Christoph , Hahn Georg , Wu Chloe , Lee Sanghun , Hecker Julian , Lutz Sharon , Haneuse Sebastien , Qiao Dandi , Cho Michael , Randolph Adrienne , Laird Nan , Weiss Scott , Silverman Edwin , Ribbeck Katharina
Published: November 2020

SARS-CoV-2 mortality has been extensively studied in relationship to a patient's predisposition to the disease. However, how sequence variations in the SARS-CoV-2 genome affect mortality is not understood. To address this issue, we used a whole-genome sequencing (WGS) association study to directly link death of SARS-CoV-2 patients with sequence variation in the viral genome. Specifically, we analyzed 3,626 single stranded RNA-genomes of SARS-CoV-2 patients in the GISAID database (Elbe and Buckland-Merrett, 2017; Shu and McCauley, 2017) with reported patient’s health status from COVID-19, i.e. deceased versus non-deceased. In total, evaluating 28,492 loci of the viral genome for association with patient/host mortality, two loci, 12,053bp and 25,088bp, achieved genome-wide significance (p-values of 1.24e-12, and 1.24e-26, respectively). Mutations at 25,088bp occur in the S2 subunit of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein, which plays a key role in viral entry of target host cells. Additionally, mutations at 12,053bp are within the ORF1ab gene, in a region encoding for the protein nsp7, which is necessary to form the RNA polymerase complex responsible for viral replication and transcription. Both mutations altered amino acid coding sequences, potentially imposing structural changes that could enhance viral infectivity and symptom severity, and may be important to consider as targets for therapeutic development.
Games as a Cultural Institute of the “Digital” Space
Authors:   St. Petersburg State University, Viktor A. Sidorov
Published: November 2020

The article examines the problem of modernization and the formation of new cultural institutions of the 21st century on the materials of the formation of media games on the Internet. The actual practice of expanding the game fields deserves attention from researchers for various reasons. First, the game is interesting in itself as a cultural phenomenon that had arisen in the history of humanity before culture itself, then entered into it and became an integral part of social practices. Second, during revolutionary technological changes in the field of the information interaction of people and the emergence of the so-called digital environment, games known to humanity turn from a class of physical and mental exercises into imagination games based on the technical power of computer devices and network communications. The nomenclature of games is expanding, their genre diversity is growing, the design is being fortified; games content is differentiated and deepened, their mythology is being formed. Thus, the “digital” space of our time is in the stage of continuous shaping. Its architectonics predetermines the formation on the Internet of the institution of the game as a newly-formed one, among the formation factors of which the decisive ones stand out – media and mythogenesis. Media determines a qualitatively different state of historically known game formats, while mythogenesis contributes to the accelerated institutionalization of the media games in the social practices. The study of the problems is based on the results of the work of the researchers on the social significance of the game in the “digital” space of the 21st century and the content analysis of the media games by their types. In this study, the formation of media games as the cultural intitution of the “digital” sphere is established. The functioning of the new formation takes place in the conditions and conventions of unlimited time and space. Keywords: cultural institute, media, digital space, games, mythogenesis
And they All Ate and Were Satisfied: Review of the Book “Abundance and Asceticism in Russian Literature”
Authors:   Siberian Federal University, Alena O. Zadorina
Published: November 2020

The review provides an overview of scientific works included in the collection of articles “Abundance and Asceticism in Russian Literature.” Based on the definitions of “asceticism” and “abundance” proposed by the authors, a parallel is drawn with the binary opposition “a lot – little”, the differences from it are shown according to the principle of procedurality. Considerable attention is paid to the central article of the collection, written by M. Epstein; such parameters as the choice of genre, innovation (classification of types of asceticism), and the verifiability of the hypothesis are assessed. Based on this analysis, conclusions are drawn about the merits and demerits of Epstein’s concept. Also noted are the original works of K. Zehnder, D. Uffelmann, whose authors correlate the concept of canonical asceticism with the literary experiences of the 19th and 20th centuries, but do not extrapolate it to all phenomena associated with the rejection of something. The articles on the phenomenon of asceticism in poetry, in prose of the XX–XXI centuries are briefly characterized. An analysis of the collection’s materials allows one to argue with the idea of the immanence of asceticism for Russian culture and, on the contrary, to make sure of the non-national nature of the phenomenon under study. Keywords: asceticism, abundance, M. Epstein, national character, Russian literature
SIMULATION OF THE RADIANT HEAT TRANSFER PROCESS IN THE ELEMENTS OF ROASTING EQUIPMENT
Authors: Kostenko Stanislav , Fedak Natalia , Mayak Olga
Published: November 2020

The object of the research is the process of radiation heat transfer, taking into account a single reflection of rays in the IR device of food production. Investigated problem – the work is devoted to solving the problem of irregularity of radiation heat transfer during infrared roasting of food products. Main scientific results. The inverse problem of heat transfer by radiation has been solved and a technique has been developed for determining the profiles of the ray flux reflectors for uniform irradiation of receivers of a convex section. Analytical modeling of all-round uniform irradiation of an elliptical receiver has been carried out. An experimental device with low-inertia temperature sensors for infrared roasting of semi-finished meat products has been developed, which makes it possible to use a reflector shaped according to the developed analytical technique. The verification of the created technique for determining the profiles of reflectors by means of a computer experiment using the TracePro and Mathcad software systems has been carried out. The area of practical use of the research results: the use of an experimental device with a radiant flux reflector for roasting semi-finished meat products proves that the obtained technique for profiling reflectors of heat engineering systems is acceptable for the design of infrared equipment for food production and restaurant facilities. This technique allows simulating the profile of the radiant flux reflector depending on the shape of the receiver. Studies have shown that the use of a profiled reflector in the experimental device reduces the duration of roasting of natural portioned semi-finished beef products by 33 %. Innovative technological product: a technique for determining the profiles of ray flux reflectors for uniform irradiation of receivers with a convex section. Device for infrared roasting of semi-finished meat products. Scope of application of an innovative technological product. The study of an experimental device with a designed radiant flux reflector for roasting semi-finished meat products proves that the obtained technique for profiling reflectors of heat engineering systems is acceptable for the design of infrared equipment for food production and restaurant facilities. Using this approach allows to approach the solution of the problem of irregularity of irradiation of products during infrared roasting
ADEQUACY EVALUATION OF THE SYNTHESIS OF MATHEMATICAL MODELS FOR ONE CLASS OF LINEAR DYNAMIC SYSTEMS WITH PARAMETERS, VARIABLE IN TIME AND IN SPACE
Authors: Mokin Borys , Mokin Oleksandr , Kryvonis Oleksandr
Published: November 2020

The object of research: the authors of this work have synthesized in previous publications a mathematical model of one class of linear dynamic systems with variable parameters in time and space, which includes the system for lifting and lowering a load with a crane in the case of taking into account the influence of longitudinal vibrations that arise in the cable of the lifting mechanism, and shift in time of the moment of inertia of the rotating masses reduced to the motor shaft. Investigated problem: simulation models are synthesized in the Simulink graphical software environment of the MATLAB application package to assess the adequacy of the specified mathematical model. A calculation was carried out using the passport data and characteristics of all components of the crane structure to find the numerical values of the parameters of simulation models, including the electric motor, cable and gearbox. The main scientific results: the results of modeling the dynamics of the electric drive system during acceleration, deceleration, the prevailing velocity are given. By comparing the results obtained on the simulation model with the results of experimental studies of the same class of dynamical systems carried out by other authors, the adequacy of the mathematical models synthesized by the authors of this work is proved. It is proved that the use of the classical equation of the dynamics of the electric drive system, which contains a constant moment of inertia and a constant moment of load, leads to errors in the estimates of the processes accompanying the lifting and lowering of loads by cranes. And this, in turn, does not allow predicting the behavior of the system in various operating modes with sufficient accuracy. The area of practical use of the research results: enterprises of the machine-building industry, specializing in the production, modernization of lifting equipment. Innovative technological product: a simulation model of a crane mechanism, which makes it possible to take into account the influence of longitudinal vibrations that arise in the cable of the hoisting mechanism, and the shift in time of the moment of inertia of the rotating masses reduced to the motor shaft. Scope of application of the innovative technological product: design and development of control systems for electric drives of lifting equipment.
The Relation of Balinese EFL Learners’ Prior Learning Experience and Present Proficiency
Authors: Pratiwi Putu Ayu Asty Senja
Published: November 2020

The research tried to shed light on the relation of prior learning experience and motivation in shaping the learners’ proficiency. It investigated the importance of prior learning experience and the role of motivation in learning development. This needed to investigate further to find out how positive and negative prior learning experience with intrinsic and extrinsic motivation determined the way the students, value their phase of learning, and the relation with their present proficiency. From the empirical study of the Balinese EFL learners, there were threetypes of learners based on the prior learning experience and the role of intrinsic and extrinsic motivation. The first type consisted of the learners who had positive prior learning experience, had high intrinsic motivation, and gained high proficiency in their present study; the second type was those who had low intrinsic motivation but changed into high intrinsic motivation due to the extrinsic motivation; the third type was the learners who had negative prior learning experience, low intrinsic motivation, and resulted in low proficiency. In total, 15 students ranging from 19–23 years old (4 males and 11 females) voluntarily participated in the test and interview. Through the in-depth interview, it is found that the positive prior learning experience and high intrinsic motivation motivate the students and lead them to higher proficiency. However, demotivation and a low level of proficiency can occur from the negative prior learning experience and low intrinsic motivation.
Typical features of morphometric parameters of the mandible in adults
Authors: Gaivoronsky Ivan V. , Gaivoronskaya Maria G. , Fandeeva Oksana M. , Shashkov Vladimir A.
Published: November 2020

Objective: to develop a classification of mandibular forms and to study typical features of the morphometric characteristics of this bone in adults. Materials and methods. The study was conducted on 150 lower jaws of adults. To determine the shape of the lower jaw, four morphometric parameters were measured: angular width, projection length from the corners, branch height, smallest branch width, and three morphometric indexes were introduced: 1 - the long-length longitudinal index of the lower jaw; 2 - longitude latitudinal index of the body of the lower jaw; 3 - latitudinal-altitude index of the branches of the lower jaw. According to these indices, 9 groups of jaws with different shapes were identified. In these groups, the values of 35 morphometric parameters of the body and branches of the lower jaw were studied. Results. It was found that statistically significant differences (p <0.05) between the groups of jaws, determined by the value of the altitude-longitude index of the lower jaw and the longitude-latitude index of the body of the lower jaw, exist between the same morphometric parameters: angular width, projection length from the corners and chin angle , and most of the morphometric parameters of the body and branches of the lower jaw do not statistically significantly differ between the extreme forms (dolicho- and brachi, lepto- and eurimandibular). There are statistically significant differences between the jaw groups, systematized by the latitude-altitude index of the branch of the lower jaw (p <0.05) for most of the studied indicators of the branch of the lower jaw: branch height, smallest branch width, notch width, notch angle, base of the coronoid process , the base of the condylar process, the distance from the front edge of the lower jaw branch to the opening of the lower jaw, the distance from the notch of the lower jaw to the opening of the lower jaw, the distance from the angle of the lower jaw to the opening of the lower jaw. It has been proved that in the lower jaws with a hypsiramimandibular form, the values of the smallest branch width, the base length of the coronoid and condylar processes, as well as the distance from the front edge of the branch to the opening of the lower jaw are significantly smaller, however, the values of the branch height, notch angle, notch width, notch distance the angle of the lower jaw to its opening is larger compared to the platyramimandibular form (p˂0.05). Conclusion. The greatest number of differences in the value of morphometric parameters is observed during the systematization of the lower jaw according to the shape of its branch. This can be explained by the fact that it is under the direct influence of the masticatory muscles, performing not only supporting, protective, but also motor function.
Diabetes mellitus as a result of neuroimmunoendocrine disorders
Authors: Samotruyeva Marina A. , Sergaliyeva Mariyam U. , Tsibizova Aleksandra A. , Akhadova Diana A.
Published: November 2020

The review article presents an analysis of domestic and foreign scientific literature devoted to the study of neuroimmune disorders leading to the development of diabetes mellitus. It has been established that the nervous, immune and endocrine systems act as a regulatory triad that maintains the constancy of the organism and dysfunctional changes in one of the systems, lead to changes in others, which is accompanied by the launch of various pathological processes. The unity of the regulatory triad is explained by the structural and functional features of the hypothalamic-pituitary system, the dysregulation of which can act as a triggering mechanism for the development of both nervous and endocrine and immune pathologies, while the initial link in the pathology of each system can be dysregulation disorders in other integrative systems. Thus, disturbances in the melanocortin and dopamine signaling systems, as well as immune-mediated destruction of insulin-producing cells in the pancreas, can lead to diabetes. The cause of the development of diabetes mellitus is also considered an immune pathology, accompanied by a violation of cytokine regulation, namely the predominance of pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as IL-1β, IL-2, TNF-α, etc. In turn, diabetes mellitus can cause disorders from the nervous (neuropathy), immune (decreased body resistance), blood circulation (angiopathy), as well as other body systems. Based on the data of the World Health Organization about an excessively high increase in the incidence of diabetes mellitus, the aggravating development of comorbid pathologies, as a result of leading to disability of the population, a detailed study of the mechanisms of the development of this disease is necessary in order to further search for new means of correcting pathological conditions.
A.V.Kartashev on the Relationship between Russian Orthodox Parishes in Western Europe and the Moscow Patriarchate in the 1920s — 1930s
Authors:   Petrozavodsk State University, Antoshchenko A. V.
Published: November 2020

The author carries out a discourse analysis of journalistic articles by well-known Russian emigrant historian, theologian, and public figure Anton Kartashev in order to understand his attitude to the schisms of the Russian Orthodox Church caused by the Russian Revolution, and to clarify his methods for shaping his readers’ perceptions of these events. This analysis reveals a complex correlation of political, religious, and historical argumentation. From the very beginning, political arguments were pushed into the background by a statement of apolitism, which initially extended to Russian emigrants. Subsequently, he abandoned apolitism as a principle of activity in exile in order to consistently pursue a policy of intransigence with the Bolsheviks. Political argumentation remained in the background compared to historical and religious facets, since the church should not interfere in politics. He consistently historicized contemporary experiences, based on a historical perspective, to give an assessment of the political orientation and concrete actions of the hierarchs. This created an illusory opportunity to maintain the legal subordination to the Moscow Patriarchate, which increasingly depended on the Bolshevik regime. He saw the post-revolutionary history of the Russian Orthodox Church as a series of schisms that weakened it. This gradually brought a precise religious argument to the forefront in substantiating specific measures to preserve the canonical structure of Western European parishes headed by the Metropolitan Eulogius, at the break with the Synod of Bishops in Sremski Karlovtsi and with the Moscow Patriarchate.
The Formation of a Special Gender Identity of Soviet Women Railway Workers in the Late 1960s — 1980s
Authors:   Belgorod National Research University, Menshikova E. N.
Published: November 2020

The article is based on oral historical sources and oral memories and examines the historical experience of the professional activities of Soviet women who worked in the train control service of the Belgorod Branch of the Southern Railway (Ministry of Railways of the USSR) in the late 1960s and 1980s, as a form of women’s leadership and gender equality formation (the erosion of male dominance) in the manufacturing sector. Specifically, the influence of the profession (working conditions, content of daily work practices, working rhythm, professional self-awareness) on the formation of a particular gender identity among women railway workers is investigated. An analysis of historical material makes it possible to supplement and significantly expand our understanding of how the “new type” of Soviet women, with an independent economic and social status, was formed in the late Soviet period. The materials constitute the informational basis for preserving information about the labor feats of women working at the railroad in the historical memory of Russian people; they open up new heroines, whose personal and professional lives are the subject of the formation in modern society of a positive attitude towards the female presence in the managerial segment of the engineering and technical sphere.
Effect of substrate formulations on seedlings of Araucaria angustifolia (Bertol.) Kuntz, a critically endangered species from Southern Brazil
Authors: Vieira Leandro Marcolino , Nunes Gomes Erik , De Cássia Tomasi Jéssica , Constantino Valdeci , Carlos Vargas Motta Antônio , Zanette Flávio
Published: November 2020

Araucaria angustifolia, vulgarmente conhecida como araucária ou pinheiro do Paraná, é uma espécie de planta ameaçada de extinção, nativa do sul do Brasil. O cultivo desta espécie é uma abordagem importante para reduzir o desmatamento assegurando a geração de renda. O presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar os efeitos de diferentes formulações de substrato no crescimento, qualidade e teores de clorofila de mudas de araucária em um sistema conjugado substrato/recipiente, como uma abordagem para promover a propagação e o cultivo da espécie. As sementes foram semeadas em quatro composições diferentes de substrato: F73 (casca de pínus, fibra de casca de coco, fertilizante de liberação lenta [FLL] e fertilizantes fosfatados), F55 (casca de pínus, fibra de casca de coco [em maior proporção que em F73], FLL e fertilizantes fosfatados), T55 (casca de pínus, turfa nacional, FLL e fertilizantes fosfatados) e CC55 (casca de pínus, turfa de esfagno, palha de arroz, FLL e fertilizantes fosfatados). As mudas foram mantidas em uma área de viveiro em um sistema conjugado substrato/recipiente, com irrigação manual. Após 180 dias da semeadura, as mudas foram avaliadas quanto à altura, diâmetro de coleto, áreas foliares e radiculares, massa seca de brotações e raízes e teores de clorofilas a, b e clorofilas totais. O quociente de robustez e o índice de qualidade de Dickson (IQD) também foram calculados com base nas variáveis ​​biométricas. Os substratos F73 e CC55 promoveram maior crescimento de altura e diâmetro de coleto em comparação com outros substratos. Outras variáveis ​​relacionadas ao crescimento e qualidade das mudas e aos níveis de clorofila não diferiram em função dos substratos. A massa seca de raiz e massa seca total foram correlacionadas positivamente com o IQD. O diâmetro do coleto apresentou alta correlação positiva com a altura, a massa seca da parte aérea e a massa seca total das mudas de A.angustifolia.
Contribuições das ligas acadêmicas na formação médica brasileira
Authors: Tavares Dione Fernandes , Antônio Vieira Andrade Marco , Rhangel Gomes Teixeira Thiago
Published: November 2020

As ligas acadêmicas são organizações estudantis, com o foco em determinada área da graduação em medicina, com supervisão docente especialista no tema da liga, que realiza atividades de ensino pesquisa e extensão. O objetivo deste trabalho é descrever o estado da arte das contribuições das ligas acadêmicas na formação médica no brasil. Foi realizada uma revisão narrativa da literatura nas bases de dados SciELO e PUBMED. Os artigos encontrados puderam ser divididos em cinco grandes eixos temáticos. Verificou-se que as ligas acadêmicas contribuem no incentivo a docência, comunicação, aprendizagem em gestão, escolha da residência médica, conhecimento do mercado de trabalho e contato com a comunidade, não necessariamente levando a uma especialização precoce e indo de encontro aos determinantes sociais do processo saúde doença contribuindo na formação médica mais ética e reflexiva.
REPEATED LONG-TERM SPACE FLIGHTS: PROTEOMIC INVESTIGATIONS OF COSMONAUTS' BLOOD
Authors:   Institute of Biomedical Problems of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Larina I.M. , Kashirina D.N. ,   Institute of Biomedical Problems of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Kireev K.S. ,   Gagarin Research & Test Cosmonaut Training Center, Star city, Moscow region, Grigoriev A.I. ,   Institute of Biomedical Problems of the Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: November 2020

We performed the first ever comparative analysis of modifications in the proteome, ionogram and some other blood plasma biochemical indices of 18 male cosmonauts (44 ± 6 years of age) before and after maiden or repeated long-term missions to the Russian segment of the International space station (ISS RS). Levels of proteins, substrates and ions as well as chemical components were measured using the LC-MS-based proteomics and routine biochemical techniques. A total of 256 to 281 indices were investigated with the methods of descriptive statistic, regression analysis, and access to bioinformatics resources. It was shown that blood indices recovery from the maiden and repeated missions reflects changes in the body systems and goes at a various speed. The results of measurements made prior to launch and on day 7 after landing are dependent on the number of missions. The bioinformatics techniques showed that after maiden missions both the mediator proteins of alkaline phosphatase (AP) and blood proteins with reliably changing concentrations are associated with the bio-processes including stress, metabolism and DNA reparation, apoptosis, catabolism and proteolysis. During early re-adaptation from repeated missions the AP level was affected by bone remodeling, phosphorylation, angiogenesis and coagulation cascade suggesting a distinct and urgent trigger of the processes of bone structure and mineralization.
Review—Recent Advancements in Electrochemical Biosensors for Alzheimer’s Disease Biomarkers Detection
Authors: Mikuła Edyta
Published: November 2020

Background:

It is estimated that the average time between the diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and the patient’s death is 5-9 years. Therefore, both the initial phase of the disease and the preclinical state can be included in the critical period in disease diagnosis. Accordingly, a huge progress has recently been observed in biomarker research to identify

risk factors for dementia in older people with normal cognitive functions and mild cognitive impairments.

Methods:

Electrochemical biosensors are excellent analytical tools that are used in the detection of AD biomarkers as they
are easy to use, portable, and can do analysis in real time.

Results:

This review presents the analytical techniques currently used to determine AD biomarkers in terms of their advantages and disadvantages; the most important clinical biomarkers of AD and their role in the disease. All recently used biorecognition molecules in electrochemical biosensor development, i.e. receptor protein, antibodies, aptamers and nucleic acids are summarized for the first time. Novel electrochemical biosensors for AD biomarker detection, as ideal analytical platforms for point-of-care diagnostics, are also reviewed.

Conclusions:

The article focuses on various strategies of biosensor chemical surface modifications to immobilize biorecognition molecules, enabling specific, quantitative AD biomarker detection in synthetic and clinical samples. In addition, this
is the first review that presents innovative single-platform systems for simultaneous detection of multiple biomarkers and
other important AD-associated biological species based on electrochemical techniques. The importance of these platforms in
disease diagnosis is discussed.
New Perspectives on Machine Learning in Drug Discovery
Authors: Musella Simona , Verna Giulio , Fasano Alessio , Di Micco Simone
Published: November 2020

Artificial intelligence methods, in particular, machine learning, has been playing
a pivotal role in drug development, from structural design to the clinical trial. This approach
is harnessing the impact of computer-aided drug discovery due to large available
data sets for drug candidates and its new and complex manner of information interpretation
to identify patterns for the study scope. In the present review, recent applications related
to drug discovery and therapies are assessed, and limitations and future perspectives
are analyzed.
COVID-19 in People with Diabetes: Perspectives from Saudi Arabia
Authors: Robert Asirvatham Alwin , Al Dawish Mohamed Abdulaziz
Published: November 2020

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and diabetes have major impacts on the health
of the population across the world. Since the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, people with diabetes
have been identified to be more vulnerable to infection and at greater risk for hospitalization.
As diabetes is one of the major health issues in Saudi Arabia, the current study describes the
perspectives of COVID-19 in people with diabetes and the steps taken by the government to minimize
its impact. Most patients with COVID-19 in Saudi Arabia experience mild illness, while people
with diabetes are at increased risk of disease severity and mortality. The government of Saudi
Arabia has taken several measures to control and mitigate the effect of the pandemic, as the Saudi
population is gradually returning back to normal life. However, currently, there are limited studies
from Saudi Arabia on COVID-19 among people with diabetes and the effectiveness of interventions.
We emphasize the necessity for comprehensive research, which would provide a better understanding
of the incidence of COVID-19 and its association with diabetes to develop evidence-
based programs and policies in the country.
A Roadmap to Sequence Assembly Evaluation Tools
Authors: El-Metwally Sara , Hamouda Eslam , Tarek Mayada
Published: November 2020

The assembly evaluation process is the starting step towards meaningful downstream data
analysis. We need to know how much accurate information is included in an assembled sequence before
going further to any data analysis stage. Four basic metrics are targeted by different assembly
evaluation tools: contiguity, accuracy, completeness, and contamination. Some tools evaluate these
metrics based on comparing the assembly results to a closely related reference. Others utilize different
types of heuristics to overcome the missing guiding reference, such as the consistency between assembly
results and sequencing reads. In this paper, we discuss the assembly evaluation process as a
core stage in any sequence assembly pipeline and present a roadmap that is followed by most assembly
evaluation tools to assess different metrics. We highlight the challenges that currently exist in the
assembly evaluation tools and summarize their technical and practical details to help the end-users
choose the best tool according to their working scenarios. To address the similarities/differences
among different assembly assessment tools, including their evaluation approaches, metrics, comprehensive
nature, limitations, usability and how the evaluated results are presented to the end-user, we
provide a practical example for evaluating Velvet assembly results for S. aureus dataset from GAGE
competition. A Github repository (https://github.com/SaraEl-Metwally/Assembly-Evaluation-Tools) is
created for evaluation result details along with their generated command line parameters.
Synthesis, Molecular Docking and Biological Activity Evaluation of Alkoxy Substituted Chalcone Derivatives: Potential Apoptosis Inducing Agent on MCF-7 Cells
Authors: Khairul Wan M. , Hashim Fatimah , Mohammed Mas , Shah Nurul S.M.N. , Johari Syed A.T.T. , Rahamathullah Rafizah , Daud Adibah I. , Ma Nyuk L.
Published: November 2020

Introduction:

In this contribution, a series of alkoxy substituted chalcones were successfully
designed, synthesized, spectroscopically characterized and evaluated for their cytotoxicity potential in inhibiting
the growth of MCF-7 cells.

Objective::

In order to investigate the influence between electron density in conjugated π-systems and biological
activities, different withdrawing substituents, namely Nitro (NO2), Cyano (C≡N) and trifluoromethyl (CF3) were
introduced in the chalcone-based molecular system.

Methods:

All the derivatives were then tested on MCF-7 cell line using the fluorescence microscopy-based
cytotoxicity analyses.

Results:

The preliminary findings showed that both –NO2 and –CF3 substituents revealed their potential to inhibit
the growth of MCF-7 with IC50 values of 14.75 and 13.75 μg/ml, respectively. In addition, the morphological
changes of MCF-7 cells were observed in response to alkoxy substituted chalcone treatment through an induction
of apoptosis pathway with cell blebbing, phosphatidylserine exposure and autophagic activity with acidification
of lysosomal structure. Intermolecular interaction based on in silico investigation on nitro, trifluoromethyl and
cyano based chalcones exhibited several types of interactions with tumor necrosis factor receptor (PDB: 1EXT)
protein and high hydrogen bond in the molecule-receptor interaction have given significant impact towards their
toxicity on MCF-7 cells.

Conclusion:

Significantly, these types of chalcones exhibited ideal and high potential to be further developed as
anti-cancer agents.
New Approaches for the Synthesis of Fused Thiophene, Pyrazole, Pyran and Pyridine Derivatives with Anti-Proliferative Together with c-Met Kinase and Prostate Cancer Cell Inhibitions
Authors: Mohareb Rafat M. , Milad Yara R. , El-Ansary Reem A.
Published: November 2020

Background:

Recently multi-component reactions producing pyran and pyridine derivatives acquired a
special attention due to their wide range of pharmacological activities, especially therapeutic activities. Through
the market, it was found that many pharmacological drugs containing the pyran and pyridine nucleus were
known.

Objective:

We are aiming in this work to synthesize target molecules possess not only anti-tumor activities but
also kinase inhibitors. The target molecules were obtained starting from cyclohexane-1,3-dione followed by its
heterocyclization reactions to produce anticancer target molecules.

Methods:

This work demonstrated multi-component reactions of cyclohexan-1,3-dione with aromatic aldehydes
and diethylmalonate using triethylamine as a catalyst to give the 7,8-dihydro-4H-chromen-5(6H)-one derivatives
4a-c. The reaction of compounds 4a-c with either of hydrazine hydrate of phenylhydrazine gave the
chromeno[2,3-c]pyrazole derivatives 5a-f, respectively. In addition, further heterocyclization reactions were
adopted to give the chromeno[3,2-d]isoxazole, chromene-3-carboxamide derivatives. Moreover, the multicomponent
reaction of cyclohexan-1,3-dione (1) with either of aromatic aldehydes and diethylmalonate using a
catalytic amount of ammonium acetate gave the 1,4,5,6,7,8-hexahydroquinoline derivatives 13a-c. The antiproliferative
activities of the synthesized compounds toward the six cancer cell lines namely A549, H460, HT-
29, MKN-45, U87MG, and SMMC-7721 were studied. In addition, the c-Met enzymatic activities and inhibition
toward the prostate cancer cell PC-3 were measured.

Results:

Anti-proliferative evaluations, c-Met enzymatic activities and inhibition toward the prostate cancer cell
PC-3 were measured, and the results obtained in most cases indicated that the presence of electronegative Cl
group through the molecule favour the inhibitions.

Conclusion:

The compounds with high anti-proliferative activity towards the cancer cell lines were 4a, 4b, 6d,
6e, 6f, 10e, 10f, 12c, 14e, 14f, 15c, 16d, 16e, 16f, 19c and 20c. Compounds 4b, 6c, 6d, 8b, 10c, 10d, 12b, 13b,
14c, 14d, 15b, 16c, 16d, 17b, 17c, 19b, 20b and 20c exhibited high potency against c-Met kinase and
compounds 4a, 4b, 6b, 6c, 6d, 6f, 8b, 8c, 10c, 10d, 10e, 12b, 12c, 13a, 13b, 13c, 14c, 14d, 14e, 14f, 15b, 15c,
16b, 16c, 16d, 17b, 17c, 19c, 19d, 20a, 20b and 20c displayed high inhibitions toward PC-3 cell line.