bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The influence of European legislation on the use of diagnostic test allergens for nasal allergen provocation in routine care of patients with allergic rhinitis
Authors: Klimek L. , Hammerbacher A.S. , Hellings P.W. , Fokkens W.J. , Hoffmann H.J. , Muraro A. , Papadopoulos N.
Published: January 2022

In patients with allergic rhinitis (AR), the nasal provocation test (NPT) is the standard procedure to evaluate the clinical response of the nasal mucosa to allergens with a high specificity and sensitivity. In AR, it is the only test that really measures the response of the diseased mucosa to allergens while skin prick test and serum IgE confirm the clinical suspicion of sensitization. Moreover, it is of special relevance in the detection of patients with Local Allergic Rhinitis (LAR), where general sensitization cannot be measured. For the evaluation of therapeutic interventions, NPT has been used for the clinical monitoring of antiallergic drugs and allergen specific immunotherapy. Legislation within the European Union (EU) defines allergens used for diagnostic tests like NPT to be medicinal products according to Directive 2001/83 EC, but national law is considering these products to be medicinal devices in a number of EU countries. Thus, NPT products are governed by different legislations and therefore standards throughout the EU. In consequence, allergens used for diagnostic purposes need different registrations and Marketing Authorization by national authorities. After a transition period, regulations of EU Directives are to be implemented in national law by all member states. At the moment, most EU countries have not fully implemented these Directives, however, it can be expected that most countries will implement it and enforce their rules within the next years. This development has a tremendous impact on the availability of diagnostic allergens for NPT in Europe and will make make nasal provocation testing very difficult if not impossible. We describe the current situation of diagnostic allergens under the special legislative conditions in the EU with special focus on allergen products used for NPT and the consequences for the diagnosis of AR and LAR.
Automated assessment of intranasal trigeminal function
Authors: Hummel T. , Kaehling C. , Grosse F.
Published: January 2022

Background: The intranasal trigeminal system is a key player in the perception of intranasal airflow. Why it has not been studied very well may be due to the lack of techniques that allow for fast, reliable and inexpensive routine investigation of the system. The basis of the current study is the notion that--within limits--the intranasal trigeminal system detects the overall mass of a stimulus and not just its concentration. Thus, changing the duration of the stimulus at a given concentration has a similar effect as changing its concentration. Methodology: Ninety-nine normosmic subjects participated [48 women and 51 men; mean (range) age = 45 years (20-88 years)]. In addition, 50 patients with olfactory loss were investigated once (28 women, 22 men; mean age 58 years, SD = 14 years; age range 24-88 years; causes of olfactory loss: viral infections n = 22, head trauma n = 8, chronic sinunasal disease n = 3, idiopathic n = 17). CO2-stimuli with various durations (multiples of 50 ms) were presented through a standard bilateral nasal cannula at an interval of 10 s; stimulus duration was increased by 50 ms from one stimulus presentation to the next, until the subject pushed a button indicating a painful sensation. This was the basis for automated assessment of CO2-pain responsiveness. Results: This current study had four main findings: (1) Using the new, automated device CO2 pain responsiveness can be measured reliably, (2) CO2 pain responsiveness correlates with olfactory function, (3) as with olfaction, women are more sensitive to CO2 , and CO2-pain responsiveness also correlates with aging, (4) CO2-pain responsiveness is lower in patients with olfactory loss compared to normosmic, healthy controls, even when controlling for age. Conclusion: We have demonstrated that the current approach is a reliable and valid measure of intranasal trigeminal function.
Clinical implications of serum galactomannan measurement in patients with acute invasive fungal rhinosinusitis
Authors: Cho H.J. , Hong S.D. , Kim H.Y. , Chung S.K. , Dhong H.J.
Published: January 2022

Background: Acute invasive fungal rhinosinusitis (AIFR) is an aggressive opportunistic infection with a high mortality rate. Recently, non-invasive techniques have been introduced for diagnosis of invasive fungal disease. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the diagnostic significance of serum galactomannan measurement in patients with AIFR. Methodology: We conducted a retrospective case-control study of 28 patients with AIFR and 36 fungus ball (FB) patients. We evaluated clinical, laboratory, and pathologic findings along with disease course. Results: In 28 patients with AIFR, there were 21 cases of invasive aspergillosis (IA) and 7 cases of invasive mucormycosis (IM). The control group was comprised of 36 patients with FB. The three-group analysis showed a statistically significant difference among the groups. At the cut-off value of 0.48, the sensitivity and specificity were 71.4% and 93.0%, respectively. Comparison of mean serum galactomannan levels in 5 non-survivors and 9 survivors at initial measurement showed no significant difference, but that became significantly different 1 week later. Statistical analysis showed that the levels of serum galactomannan decreased significantly according to the measurement-point in within survivor-group analysis. The difference in between survivor-groups analysis was also significant. Conclusion: Serum galactomannan measurement seems useful for early diagnosis and discrimination of fungal species in patients with AIFR. In addition, clinical outcomes may be related to the levels and patterns of serum galactomannan, especially in IA. The appropriate measurement of galactomannan might be helpful in treating the patients at high risk for AIFR.
Sublingual immunotherapy for allergic rhinitis: subjective versus objective tools to evaluate its success
Authors: Sakurai D. , Yonekura S. , Iinuma T. , Sakurai T. , Morimoto Y. , Mita Y. , Arai T. , Suzuki S. , Okuma Y. , Kaneko S. , Okamoto Y.
Published: January 2022

Background: Biomarkers that enable objective evaluation of the clinical effects of immunotherapy for allergic rhinitis have yet to be identified. Methods: This study included 40 patients who were enrolled in a large randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicenter study examining the efficacy of sublingual immunotherapy (SLIT) using Japanese cedar (JC) pollen extract during two consecutive pollen seasons from 2010 to 2012. Based on changes in total nasal symptom medication score, patients in the SLIT and placebo groups were subdivided into two subgroups: good responders and poor responders. The levels of JC pollen-specific IL-10+Foxp3+ cells and specific Th2 cytokine-producing cells were measured and the association with the efficacy of SLIT was analysed. Results: The total nasal symptom medication score was significantly lower in the SLIT group compared with the placebo group. The number of JC pollen-specific Th2 cytokine-producing cells increased during the pollen season in the placebo group and in poor responders in the SLIT group; however, the increases were inhibited in the good responders in the SLIT group. The number of JC pollen-specific IL-10+Foxp3+ cells increased only in these good responders. Conclusions: Changes in levels of allergen-specific Th2 cytokine-producing cells and IL-10+Foxp3+ cells could be objective biomarkers for SLIT.
Intranasal trigeminal sensitivity may be impaired after functional nasal surgery
Authors: Migneault-Bouchard C. , Boselie F.J.M. , Landis B.N. , Frasnelli J.
Published: January 2022

Functional nasal surgery is frequently performed for sinonasal diseases not responding to medical treatment. Although surgery mostly turns out to be successful in such cases, a potential side effect of manipulating the nasal mucous membrane is impairment of intranasal trigeminal function. Not well known by specialists and clinically scarcely explored, this function provides sensory information from the nasal mucosa. It is responsible for the afferent part of protective nasal reflexes such as sneezing and coughing, but also provides the feeling of nasal airflow (1). Recent work suggests that patients with low intranasal trigeminal function are more prone to suffer from nasal obstruction and may be less satisfied with functional surgery (2-6). It has been suggested that intranasal trigeminal function decreases with mucosal changes, such as chronic inflammation and improves again once the inflammation has been treated (3). However, the influence of functional nasal surgery (i.e. surgery aimed at the improvement of nasal function) with consecutive mucosal micro-injuries on intranasal trigeminal function is not yet fully clear (2-4).
From SARS-CoV-2 infection to COVID-19 morbidity: an in silico projection of virion flow rates to the lower airway via nasopharyngeal fluid boluses
Authors: Basu S. , Akash M.M.H. , Hochberg N.S. , Senior B.A. , Joseph-McCarthy D. , Chakravarty A.
Published: January 2022

Background: While the nasopharynx is initially the dominant upper airway infection site for SARS-CoV-2, the physiologic mechanism launching the infection at the lower airway is still not well-understood. Based on the rapidity of infection progression to the lungs, it has been hypothesized that the nasopharynx may be acting as the primary seeding zone for subsequent contamination of the lower airway via aspiration of virus-laden boluses of nasopharyngeal fluids. Methodology: To examine the plausibility of the aspiration-driven mechanism, we have computationally tracked the inhalation process in three anatomic airway reconstructions and have quantified the nasopharyngeal liquid volume transmitted to the lower airspace during each aspiration. Results: Extending the numerical trends on aspiration volume to earlier records on aspiration frequencies indicates a total aspirated nasopharyngeal liquid volume of 0.3 – 0.76 ml/day. Subsequently, for mean sputum viral load, our modeling projects that the number of virions reaching the lower airway will range over 2.1×106 – 5.3×106 /day; for peak viral load, the corresponding number hovers between 7.1×108 – 1.8×109. Conclusions: The virion transmission findings fill in a key piece of the mechanistic puzzle on the systemic progression of SARS-CoV-2, and subjectively point to health conditions like dysphagia, with proclivity to increased aspiration, as some of the potential underlying risk factors for aggressive lung infections.
Genetic Diversity and Population Structure of Canarium tramdenum Dai and Yakovl. in Northern Vietnam
Authors: Hai Phi Hong , Huyen Nguyen Thi , Ngoc Ha Thi Huyen , Ha Tran Thi Thu , Ha Nguyen Thi Viet , Duong La Anh , Thuong Pham Huu , Muchugi Alice , Son Le
Published: January 2022

Canarium tramdenum occurs naturally in subtropical and tropical regions of Indochina and China. The wood is used for making high quality furniture and the fruit and leaves are used in traditional medicine. However, a lack of information on genetic diversity and population structure has handicapped the genetic conservation and domestication of this high-value species. This study evaluated genetic variation within and among four C. tramdenum populations. Sixty individuals were collected from four natural populations in Vietnam in the provinces of Ninhbinh, Bacgiang, Nghean, and Backan. Genetic diversity and genetic structure were determined using 20 ISSR markers. A total of 192 DNA fragments with sizes ranging from 110 bp to 3,000 bp were detected, of which 154 segments (80.2%) were polymorphic and 38 segments (19.8%) were monomorphic. The ISSR data indicated a moderate degree of genetic diversity for the species (h = 0.252). The four populations were separated into three genetic clusters with low levels of genetic distance between them. AMOVA result showed that most (78%) of the genetic variation was within the populations. The moderate to high genetic diversity of C. tramdenum and the low genetic differentiation among populations suggested that all existing natural populations in the particular regions needed to be preserved to protect the genetic diversity of this species.
Aeromonas hydrophila AHL 0905-2 and Streptococcus agalactiae N14G as Combined Vaccine Candidates for Nile Tilapia
Authors: Nafiqoh Nunak , Novita Hessy , Sugiani Desy , Gardenia Lila , Taukhid Taukhid , Widyaningrum Arynta , Susanti Dine Resti
Published: January 2022

In Indonesia, the Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) is the most widely farmed and available fish for consumption. Production loss due to bacterial infection by Aeromonas hydrophila and Streptococcus agalactiae is the main problem in tilapia cultivation. This study aimed to determine the occurrence of concurrent infection of Aeromonas hydrophila AHL 0905-2 and Streptococcus agalactiae N14G in Nile tilapia based on biochemical and molecular characteristics. From the results of biochemical assay and sequence analysis of the 16S rRNA fragment, Aeromonas hydrophila and Streptococcus agalactiae were confirmed. Genes for aerolysin (417 bp), nuclease (504 bp), lipase (155 bp), and serine protease (211 bp) were found in Aeromonas hydrophila AHL 0905-2, while Streptococcus agalactiae N14G was determined as a 1b serotype group that had genes for CPS L (688 bp), CPSG (621 bp), and CPS J (272 bp). The confirmation in tilapia of Aeromonas hydrophila and Streptococcus agalactiae by PCR and sequencing is important for enabling the detection of these organisms and also for the development of a combined vaccine to tackle co-infection.
Clinico-Pathological Analysis of Osteomyelitis in Cancrum Oris (Noma) Patients Seen in Noma Children Hospital, Northwest Nigeria
Authors: MUJTABA Bala , CHIMEZIE Chukwuma Benedict , ADEBAYO Aremu Ibikunle , TAIWO Abdurrazaq  Olanrewaju , NDUBUIZU Godwin Ugochukwu , FAWA Abubakar Sadeeq
Published: January 2022

Background: Cancrum oris is a rapid and devastating infectious disease of the orofacial region, which can be life threatening in its fulminant stage. Infection of bone (osteomyelitis) is a possible sequelae of Noma (cancrum oris) and is more likely due to late presentation especially in our environment. A literature search revealed scanty research describing osteomyelitis in Noma patients.

Objective: To analyze the clinico–pathology of osteomyelitis in Noma patients diagnosed and treated at Noma Children Hospital, Sokoto.

Methods: The design was a 2-year retrospective study of records of Thirty–two patients who had sequestrectomy secondary to osteomyelitis in Noma (Cancrum oris). Age, gender, jaws affected and side of involvement were analyzed

Results: The age ranged from 2–11 years with mean ±standard deviation 5.47 ± 2.68 years was recorded. Osteomyelitis in Noma patients was found among 17 (53.10%) males compared to 15 (46.90%) females. In 20 (62. 50%) of the cases, anterior maxillary involvement was observed and the remaining 12 (37. 50%) was found at the mandibular posterior region and it is more common on the left side. Result of histopathology showed both acute and chronic inflammatory cells. Necrosis and bone hyperactivity was observed in most of the slides.

Conclusion: Osteomyelitis is a common complication of Noma and its treatment is of paramount importance for adequate management of Noma patients.
The Godley-Tobin Memorial Lecture
Authors: Lavoie Marc
Published: January 2022

This paper offers a comparison of the macroeconomic views held by Wynne Godley and James Tobin. Both authors were more concerned than their contemporaries with monetary matters. Both authors contributed, in different ways, to the stock–flow consistent approach, with Tobin providing to Godley the portfolio analysis he was missing. Both authors held Keynesian policy positions, but both were accused at times of not being Keynesian enough. While Tobin stuck with Neoclassical theory, Godley rejected it as he could never make any sense of it. The differences between these two authors are particularly evident when dealing with the traverse of economic activity from the short run to the long run. The biggest difference has to do with their conceptions of banking: Tobin argued that banks are barely different from other financial intermediaries, essentially providing a portfolio choice, and ultimately he relies on a variable multiplier view tied to the fractional-reserve theory of banking; by contrast, Godley emphasized the credit-creating ability of banks and their essential role in an economy where production takes time and where inventories are needed, with central banks providing reserves on demand, at the interest rate of their choice, as argued by central bankers today.
Hysteresis and the New Consensus three-equation model: a Post-Keynesian amendment
Authors: Barbosa-Filho Nelson H.
Published: January 2022

This paper presents a Post-Keynesian interpretation of the usual three-equation model of New Consensus macroeconomics. The IS curve, Phillips curve, and monetary rule are obtained from stylized facts instead of intertemporal optimization, while price inertia and the government's inflation target drive expected inflation. The result is a model with no unique natural rate of interest. The central bank can still stabilize the economy through trial and error, with demand and supply shocks altering the system's equilibrium and the possibility of secular stagnation.
BÁM ĐIỂM PHÁT CÔNG SUẤT CỰC ĐẠI TOÀN CỤC CỦA HỆ THỐNG PIN QUANG ĐIỆN SỬ DỤNG GIẢI THUẬT DI TRUYỀN
Authors: TRƯƠNG VIỆT ANH
Published: January 2022

Khi yêu cầu hệ thống điện với cấp điện áp và công suất lớn, thường không thể sử dụng đơn thuần cấu hình liên kết song song (PC) vì có dòng điện ngõ ra rất lớn gây khó khăn cho việc thiết kế các mạch chuyển đổi. Thay vào đó, các cấu hình nối tiếp (SC) hoặc nối tiếp song song (SPC) được ứng dụng nhiều hơn vì dòng điện ngõ ra an toàn hơn cho các khóa điều khiển. Tuy nhiên, hai loại cấu hình này có nhược điểm là tạo nhiều điểm cực trị trong điều kiện bóng che một phần (PSC) gây khó khăn cho việc xác định chính xác điểm phát công suất cực đại toàn cục (GMPPT). Các giải pháp MPPT truyền thống chỉ hiệu quả trong môi trường vận hành đồng nhất và kém hiệu quả trong điều kiện PSC. Trong nội dung bài viết này giới thiệu giải pháp GMPPT của hệ thống pin quang điện (PV) bằng giải thuật di truyền. Cấu hình đề xuất dùng 3 mô-đun PV loại PHM60W36 mắc nối tiếp mô phỏng trong môi trường PSIM trong mọi điều kiện vận hành. Những kết quả thu được cho thấy khi bức xạ thay đổi liên tục thì hệ thống luôn đạt hiệu suất vượt trội và tốc độ hội tụ cao.
NGHIÊN CỨU CẢI TIẾN HỆ THỐNG NHIÊN LIỆU ĐỘNG CƠ XE GẮN MÁY ỨNG DỤNG NHIÊN LIỆU ETHANOL
Authors: VÕ TẤN CHÂU  , NGUYỄN QUỐC SỸ  , TRẦN ANH TUẤN  , TRẦN VĂN NGUYỆN  , NGUYỄN MINH TRUNG  , CAO LÊ HOÀNG HIỆP  , DƯƠNG TRỰC NHÂN
Published: January 2022

Việc sử dụng nhiên liệu có nguồn gốc dầu mỏ trên động cơ đốt trong đã góp phần gây ra ô nhiễm môi trường. Ứng dụng nhiên liệu ethanol trên động cơ xe gắn máy là một giải pháp tiềm năng trong việc giảm khí thải động cơ, đa dạng hóa các nguồn năng lượng tái tạo và góp phần giảm khủng hoảng năng lượng. Bài báo này nghiên cứu cải tiến động cơ xăng dùng hệ thống nhiên liệu kiểu chế hoà khí sang động cơ phun nhiên liệu điện tử sử dụng hoàn toàn nhiên liệu ethanol (E100). Một hệ thống điều khiển điện tử được sử dụng để độc lập điều khiển lượng phun ethanol tương ứng với sự thay đổi các tốc độ động cơ. Kết quả thử nghiệm cho thấy động cơ khi sử dụng nhiên liệu ethanol hoạt động ổn định ở chế độ không tải, đáp ứng tốt ở các dải tốc độ động cơ từ 1500 vòng/phút tới 7500 vòng/phút, các nồng độ khí thải độc hại giảm so với khi động cơ hoạt động với nhiên liệu xăng. Đề tài này là nghiên cứu bước đầu để tiến tới đánh giá ảnh hưởng phát thải của nhiên liệu E100 trên động cơ xe gắn máy.
Sikap Etis Kristen Terhadap Praktek Mengubah Lirik Lagu Dalam Nyanyian Sekuler Menjadi Nyanyian Rohani Kristen Di Dalam Gereja
Authors: Sari Sinta Kumala
Published: January 2022

Mengubah lirik lagu nyanian sekuler menjadi nyanyian rohani yang dinyanyikan juga dalam ibadah sedang terjadi di kalangan gereja masa kini.  Hal tersebut dapat dilakukan oleh gereja dengan tujuan untuk mewartakan kasih Allah.  Namun demikian gereja tetap perlu mempertimbangankan dua sikap etis yaitu pertama, meminta izin terlebih dahulu dengan pemilik hak cipta;  kedua, lirik lagu yang telah diubah tidak dinyanyikan dalam ibadah di gereja.  Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini ialah pendekatan kualitatif dengan analisa interaktif yaitu penggumpulan data literatur pustaka, penyajian data, reduksi data dan penarikan kesimpulan.
Tradisi Mupupantunu dan Korban Penebus Salah dalam Kitab Imamat
Authors: Alferdi Alferdi
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe purpose of this article is to examine one of the traditions in Seko and to be juxtaposed with victims of wrongdoing in Imamat. Traditions or customs within a certain community group that have a characteristic entity in their application. This article discusses a tradition that is quite unique, namely the Mupupantunu tradition in a part of Seko, namely in Kalamio. This tradition is a tradition of giving sanctions to members of society who violate wrong norms or mistakes. This tradition involves slaughtering an animal as a sacrifice and paying a predetermined fine. This tradition will be compared to the Fraud Sacrifice in the Book of Imamat. The traditions of Mupantunu and Sacrifice for the Falsehood are the same as animals in practice. This study uses descriptive qualitative methods with a literature study and interview approach, and shows that, the tradition that was born among the Seko (Mupantunu) people, especially the Kalamio area, had a large number of cults practiced by the Israelites of the Old Testament, namely the False Redeemers. The most striking similarity is that a watch has to offer an animal as a sacrifice, and there are also certain parts that are eaten by the adat leaders as implementers of the Mupupantunu tradition and the Priest as a sacrificial burner in the Book of Leviticus. Of these, there were also differences between victims, such as burning places or burnt offerings.AbstrakTujuan dari penulisan artikel ini ialah akan mengkaji salah satu adat di Seko dan disandingkan dengan korban penebus salah dalam Imamat. Tradisi atau adat-istiadat dalam suatu golongan masyarakat tertentu mempunyai ciri khas tersendiri dalam penerapannya. Artikel ini membahas salah satu tradisi yang cukup unik yaitu tradisi Mupupantunu di salah satu daerah bagian Seko yaitu di Kalamio. Tradisi ini adalah tradisi pemberian sanksi kepada anggota masyarakat yang melanggar norma atau berbuat salah. Tradisi ini ditandai dengan penyembelihan hewan sebagai korban penebusnya dan juga membayar denda yang telah ditentukan. Tradisi ini akan coba dibandingkan dengan Korban Penebus Salah dalam Kitab Imamat. Tradisi Mupupantunu dan Korban Penebus Salah sama-sama mengorbankan hewan dalam prakteknya. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif deskriptif dengan pendekatan studi kepustakaan dan wawancara, dan menunjukkan bahwa, tradisi yang lahir dari kalangan orang Seko (Mupupantunu) khususnya daerah Kalamio, memiliki sejumlah kesamaan dengan kultus yang dilaksanakan oleh orang Israel zaman Perjanjian Lama yaitu Korban Penebus Salah. Kesamaan yang paling menonjol ialah keduanya harus mempersembahkan hewan sebagai korban, dan juga ada bagian tertentu yang dimakan oleh Pemangku Adat sebagai pelaksana tradisi Mupupantunu dan Imam sebagai pembakar korban dalam Kitab Imamat. Terlepas dari semua itu, ada juga perbedaan di antara keduanya, seperti tempat pembakaran ataupun tempat memakan korban bakaran.
Upaya Pembinaan Warga Gereja Dalam Mengatasi Degradasi Moral Pada Kaum Muda
Authors: Nurlatu Jesly , Tafonao Marlina , Mosin Tera , Setiawan David Eko
Published: January 2022

AbstractMoral degradation is a form of moral decline or quality, as has happened to young people, including the prevalence of adultery practices. This is due to the ineffectiveness of moral development carried out by parents, the community and the church towards young people, making young people very vulnerable to becoming perpetrators of crimes in the sense that they are no longer victims of crimes. Then, how is the church's efforts in overcoming the moral degradation that is happening among young people? To answer these problems, the author uses the library method. The results of the author's research are that the moral degradation that exists in the midst of young people's lives can be overcome through the formation of church members, including teaching life in God's truth, holistic renewal, involving young people in church services, providing Biblical teaching according to their categories, develop programs for youth and provide follow-up coaching services.  The purpose of this study is to explain the efforts to foster church members in overcoming moral degradation in young people.AbstrakDegradasi moral merupakan suatu bentuk adanya penurunan moral atau mutu,  seperti yang terjadi pada kaum muda  diantaranya maraknya praktik-praktik perzinahan.  Hal ini disebabkan karena kurang efektifnya pembinaan moral yang dilakukan oleh orang tua, masyarakat dan gereja terhadap kaum muda.  Hal ini membuat kaum muda sangat rentan untuk menjadi pelaku tindakan kejahatan dalam artian tidak lagi menjadi korban dari tindakan kejahatan.  Lalu, bagaimanakah upaya gereja dalam mengatasi degradasi moral yang tengah terjadi di kalangan kaum muda? Untuk menjawab permasalahan tersebut, penulis menggunakan metode kepustakaan.  Hasil dari penelitian penulis adalah bahwa degradasi moral yang ada di tengah-tengah kehidupan kaum muda dapat diatasi melalui pembinaan warga gereja, diantaranya adalah pengajaran hidup dalam kebenaran Allah, pembaharuan secara holistik, melibatkan kaum muda dalam pelayanan di gereja, memberikan pengajaran secara Alkitabiah sesuai kategorinya, menyusun program bagi kaum muda dan melakukan pelayanan pembinaan lanjutan.  Adapun tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menjelaskan upaya pembinaan warga gereja dalam mengatasi degradasi moral pada kaum muda.
Indian Diplomatic Mission to Emperor Octavian Augustus: Indo-European Contacts
Authors: Pyrih Roman
Published: January 2022

This study explores the possible motives of diplomatic contacts between imperial Rome and ancient India during the reign of Emperor Octavian Augustus (27 BC-14 AD). The existence of active ties between the Mediterranean and Hindustan in ancient times is an understudied page of history, which indicates the existence of a common Indo-European economic and cultural space. The relevance of this study is due, in particular, to the growing interest in the sources of the Indo-European community against the background of recent discoveries in the field of genomics and genography. The author analyses the economic basis of relations between the Mediterranean and the Hindu states, addressing the active development of trade relations between them, made possible by the development of navigation in the Indian Ocean, the incorporation of Egypt into the Roman Empire and high demand for Indian spices among the Romans. The study compares the power of Rome and India, as the dominant economies of the ancient world, and describes the influence of trade on cultural exchanges between them. Thoroughly examining the available historical sources and evidence of the Indian diplomatic mission to the Emperor Octavian Augustus, the author describes its possible causes, political and ideological consequences for the Empire. There is a version about the Scythian origin of King Porus and his possible desire to conclude a military alliance with Rome. To better understand the context of the event, the ritual traditions of Roman diplomacy are discussed separately. The interesting details of the Indian embassy include the attention to the self-immolation of one of its members – Zarmanoheg. The author contemplates the possible motives for his actions, the history of ritual suicides, the connection with the cult of Hermes and the Eleusinian Mysteries, refers to historical records of similar actions of Indian ascetics and rulers. Highlighting the Indian mission as a bright page in the relations between the western and eastern edges of the Indo-European space, the author of this paper puts this event in a broader context, beginning with the first contacts between Greeks and Indians recorded by historians during Alexander the Great's military campaign and ending with the colonisation of India by European powers and the renaissance of European interest in Indian religion and culture. The article will be of interest to specialists in the history of diplomacy, culturology and comparative studies
Abnormal morphology in Amblyomma coelebs and Amblyomma cf. oblongoguttatum (Acari: Ixodidae) collected on free-roaming Central American Tapir (Tapirus bairdii) from Nicaragua
Authors: DOMINGUEZ Lillian , ARANA-ESPİNOZA Jeffrey , BERMUDEZ CASTILLERO Sergio
Published: January 2022

In this work we describe abnormalities in Amblyomma coelebs and Amblyomma cf. oblongoguttatum adults collected from Tapirus bairdii. The observed anomalies in adults corresponded to general (asymmetry of scutum and idiosoma), and local malformation (atrophy and ectromely). This is the first record of morphological anomalies in A. coelebs and also it increases the observations of malformations in ticks from Nicaragua and Central America.
Reacciones post vacuna SINOPHARM COVID-19 en el personal de salud -Huancayo 2021.
Authors: Poma Salinas Jenny Giovanna , Garcia Inga Belinda Olga , Martínez Véliz Marivel Rosa , Cuadros Ríos Rosario Eleana
Published: January 2022

En un esfuerzo mundial por combatir la pandemia de COVID-19, se inicia la vacunación contra la COVID-19, en el Perú el 9 de febrero 2021, vacunando prioritariamente al personal de salud con la vacuna de SINOPHARM. Siendo desconocido lo que esta vacuna traería consigo como reacciones, surge el presente trabajo. Objetivo: Identificar las reacciones más frecuentes post vacuna contra el Covid-19 SINOPHARM en la primera y segunda dosis en el personal de Salud del Hospital El Carmen, Huancayo 2021. Material y Métodos: Estudio básico y descriptivo, la muestra conformada 284 miembros del personal del hospital. Resultados: El 71,1% tiene de  20 a 49 años, 80,3% son de sexo femenino,  33,4% reaccionaron en la primera dosis, 48,9% reaccionaron en la segunda dosis, 59,2%  salió positivo a COVID 19 antes de ser vacunado, 18,3% salió positivo después de ser vacunado contra la COVID 19, 39,4% no tuvieron ninguna reacción inmediata en la primera dosis, 18,3% tuvieron reacciones locales: 16,2% hinchazón,  16,2% picor en la zona de vacunación,  4,9% escleroderma , 4,9% salpullido; en la segunda dosis, el 62,7% no tuvo ninguna reacción, 10,9% hinchazón,  9,5% picor en la zona de vacunación, 7% reacciones locales, 7% salpullido,  2,8% escleroderma, 54,5% en la primera dosis, 90,1% no reaccionaron posteriormente en la segunda dosis. Conclusiones: las reacciones más frecuentes post vacuna contra el Covid-19 SINOPHARM en la primera y segunda dosis en el  personal de Salud del Hospital, fueron dolor muscular 16,6% en la primera dosis y 13,5% en la segunda dosis.
Bulk density of soil depending on the farming systems and soil tillage for growing spring wheat in the Right Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine
Authors: Dudka Oleksandr , Tanchyk Semen , Pavlov Oleksandr
Published: January 2022

The article presents the results of research on the impact of three farming systems with different resource content – industrial, environmental, and organic, and four systems of basic tillage – plowing 20–22 cm, chisel plowing 20–22 cm, disking 10–12 cm and disking 6–8 cm on bulk density of typical chernozem and yield of spring wheat in the right-bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine.
Given the results of research by scientists around the world, it is important to improve the agrophysical properties of soils, including their bulk density.
According to the results of a three-year field experiment conducted in the field crop rotation of the experimental field of NULES of Ukraine, the increase in soil bulk density occurred gradually from the upper to lower layers and from the pre-sowing period to harvesting in all variants of farming and tillage systems.
There was a significant decrease in the bulk density of the soil before sowing to 1.06 g/cm3 in 0–10 cm layer in environmental farming and up to 1.05 – organic. While in the control, this figure was 1.12 g/cm3. A similar trend was observed in the layers of 10–20 and 20–30 cm. On average, this decrease was 4.5 % for the environmental farming and 5.1 % for the organic farming. The advantage of these systems remained until the harvest of spring wheat.
According to ANOVA the conservation tillage variants provided significantly lower parameters of the bulk density before sowing the crop in the upper – 0–10 cm layer of soil, compared to plowing. In the deeper layers of the soil – 10–20 and 20–30 cm, no significant differences between plowing and chisel plowing were found. Variants with disking led to a significant increase in the soil bulk density to 1.21 g/cm3 at a depth of 10–20 cm and 1.24–1.25 g/cm3 – 20–30 cm preserved until the harvest of the culture.
The application of organic fertilizers in combination with the cultivation of green manure crops in crop rotation allows to limit the impact of minimizing the primary tillage on its bulk density. Regardless of the variant of soil tillage in environmental and organic farming, the bulk soil density on average over the years of research did not exceed 1.3 g/cm3, which indicates the important role of organic matter in improving the agrophysical parameters of chernozems.
A motivação da criatividade nos universitários de Pedagogia
Authors: Figueiredo Tiago Augusto de
Published: January 2022

O estudo apresenta uma proposta para verificar uma das exigências do mercado laboral atual e futuro, relativo ao âmbito da criatividade, especialmente se esta está sendo motivada pelos professores aos universitários de Pedagogia. Ao abordar a temática da criatividade, busca-se imaginar que ela deve ser reconhecida em todos os agentes da educação, para tanto, a pesquisa deve se limitar a um desses campos, a fim de estabelecer a identificação da formação desse atributo da criatividade, portanto, foca-se na Pedagogia, mais especificamente nos estudantes do último ano do curso, pois é o curso responsável pela formação de professores, para analisar se esses futuros docentes estão adquirindo tais princípios para aplicar em sua vida profissional, busca-se esse grupo em especial, justamente por ser o formador educacional para as crianças e adolescentes. Tem-se como objetivo a busca por um valor criativo e se os atuais universitários do curso de Pedagogia estão sendo motivados a estabelecer e desenvolver estes ideais criativos, a fim de aplicarem esses conceitos de elevada importância em sua prática pedagógica. O desenho metodológico está vinculado à pesquisa qualitativa, em estudo bibliográfico.

Palavras-chave: Criatividade. Pedagogia. Ensino Superior.
Short-Term Discounting Frameworks: Insights from Multiple Experiments
Authors: Ganesh H.R. , Aithal P. S. , P. Kirubadevi
Published: January 2022

Ever since the online retailing format has emerged in India, consumers now have wider options available for them to buy a product at a discounted price and notably, as online stores in India are following the product discounting as one of the key drivers for consumer acquisition, consumers’ perspective towards discount at brick-and-mortar store has changed. This change in consumers’ perspective has put the majority of brick-and-mortar retailers in India into a quandary and they are losing out their market share slowly to online retailers. In this research which is based on recommendations of empirical research previously carried out on the impact of changes in retailer and consumer perspective towards discount postemergence of online stores in India, we have carried out multiple experiments on multiple short-term discounting frameworks to investigate and recommend brick-and-mortar retailer son ideal (a) frameworks, (b) duration, (c) types, (d) assortment coverage, and (e) advertising techniques for short-term discounting strategies to enable brick-and-mortar retailers to design appropriate sales promotions to gain a competitive advantage over online retailing on the discount component.
Input and Output Driven Sales Personnel Performance Measures: Insights from an Experiment
Authors: Ganesh H.R. , Aithal P. S. , P. Kirubadevi
Published: January 2022

It is a globally accepted strategy that, retaining existing consumers is significantly cost effective than focussing on acquiring new consumers. In brick-and-mortar retailing, sales personnel play the most important and complex role whereby they are the ones who are connected to consumers directly on a real-time basis. It is observed that the majority of brick-and-mortar retailers in India use measures to measure sales personnel performance which is mathematically derived numbers viz. average transaction value (ATV), average basket size (ABS) and contribution margin percentage (GM%) and these are all output driven measures. Such output driven measures are making the sales personnel’s role further more complex and in turn, their focus is expected to have shifted from consumer needs to these output driven measures set by their management. In this research, we have carried out an experiment using input driven measures viz. category invoice penetration(CIP) and invoices/bills generated by the sales personnel per day and evaluated the change in(a) sales personal attitude towards consumer orientation and (b) overall store profitability.
IoT Solutions Industry Prospects Analysis with Specific Reference to Mobiloitte Inc
Authors: Vinayachandra  , K. Krishna Prasad
Published: January 2022

Life is made easy by a rising technology, the Internet of Things, which promisedtransformation in the way we work, we live, we play, we analyze and we think. Theinfluence of IoT is seen everywhere today, from consumer products to military equipment,from motorbikes to airplanes, from manufacturing units to industries, and from daily useitems to utility components and from house to smart cities. The everyday use objects whichare being combined with Internet connection and data analytics capabilities guarantee ease ofdoing work, ease of living, ease of analyzing, ease of thinking and ease of playing. Inessence, IoT provides a flat-form to interconnect various electronic devices through theInternet and open up a new world of possibilities. Mobiloitte is a leading complete servicesolution development company for IoT, AI, and BOTS along with other related areas withtime, security, scale and performance as its focus points. The company strives for 'Top NotchQuality Work' and 'Complete Customer Satisfaction' as its business ethics. E3 – Experience,Excellence, and Exuberance is the company's work motto for the 'Go-to-Market Strategy' ofthe company to provide unique services and solutions to its customers and by that keepingitself in advantage position in the field competition. The company is equally comfortableworking with different types of setups like Start-Ups, Small & Medium Enterprises, LargeEnterprises, Development Sector, Public-Private Partnerships, and Governments.Completion of more than 5000 projects in a decade is a testimony to that. In this paper, weat tempted to analyze various IoT solutions the company provides, highlight their technical backgrounds and list out their applications. At present, the company is providing IoT solutions in a large spectrum covering areas like surveillance, power, video inspection, customer feedback, marketing, skill-building, security, etc. Besides, this article also deliberates business challenges and potential solutions to provide different IoT based solutions appropriate to customer requirements and lists out emerging IoT technologies with a futuristic outline.
Can Endoscopic Appearance, Selective Cytology, and Pathological Sampling During Ureteroscopy Accurately Predict Tumor Grade of Upper-Tract Urothelial Carcinoma?
Authors:   Department of Urology, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel, Malshy Kamil , Nativ Omri , Zisman Ariel , Sadeh Omer , Hoffman Azik , Amiel Gilad E. , Mullard Michael
Published: January 2022

Objective: This study examined the reliability of the various parameters obtained in diagnostic ureteroscopy for upper-tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC) in predicting the degree of differentiation in the final pathological report after radical nephroureterectomy (RNU). Methods: We conducted a retrospective review of patients undergoing RNU at a single tertiary hospital between 2000 and 2020. Only patients who underwent preoperative diagnostic ureteroscopy (URS) were included. The results of urine selective cytology, endoscopic appearance of the tumor, and biopsy taken during ureteroscopy were compared to the final pathological report. Results: In total, 111 patients underwent RNU. A preliminary URS was performed in 54. According to endoscopic appearance, 40% of the “solid”-looking tumors were high grade (HG), while 52% of those with a papillary appearance were low grade (LG). Positive cytology predicted HG tumors in 86% of cases. However, 42% of patients with negative cytology had HG disease. The biopsies acquired during URS showed that HG disease findings matched the final pathology in 75% of cases. However, 25% of patients noted as being HG, based on URS biopsies, were noted to have LG disease based on nephroureterectomy biopsies. Full analyses revealed that 40% of the cases diagnosed as LG based on the URS biopsies actually had HG disease. Conclusions: Direct tumor observation of papillary lesions, negative cytology, and biopsies indicating LG disease are of low predictive value for classifying the actual degree of tumor differentiation. No single test can accurately rule out HG disease. In light of the rising use of neo-adjuvant chemotherapy in UTUC, a reliable predictive model should be developed that accurately discriminates between HG and LG disease.
Nailfold Videocapillaroscopy in Connective Tissue Diseases with Raynaud’s Phenomenon in an Indian Population
Authors:   Department of Nephrology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India, Sundaray Sambit , Mishra Siddhartha ,   Department of Medicine, Kalinga Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar, India, Dash Subhash Chandra ,   Department of Medicine, Institute of Medical Sciences and SUM Hospital, Bhubaneswar, India, Sundaray Naba Kishore ,   Department of Medicine, Institute of Medical Sciences and SUM Hospital, Bhubaneswar, India
Published: January 2022

Introduction: Microvasculopathy is characterized by progressive structural and functional damage to the microvessels and plays a key role in the pathogenesis of various connective tissue diseases (CTD). Nailfold videocapillaroscopy is an optimal and validated method for analysis of microvascular abnormalities and is able to differentiate secondary Raynaud’s phenomenon (RP) of CTD from primary RP and healthy subjects. Aim: To assess and analyze nailfold capillaroscopic findings in Indian subjects with secondary Raynaud and to compare with findings in healthy subjects. Methods: A total of 62 study participants including cases and controls underwent nailfold videocapil-laroscopy. Capillary loop length, capillary width, capillary density, presence/absence of tortuosity, giant loops, neoangiogenesis, microhemorrhages, and avascular areas were the parameters studied. Results: All the quantitative and qualitative parameters studied were significantly associated with second¬ary RP. Mean loop length in cases of connective tissue diseases was significantly less than in the controls (225.74 µm versus 282.97 µm) (P=0.002). Capillary density was also reduced significantly in the cases as compared to the controls (4.6 versus 7.39/mm) (P<0.01), whereas it was markedly decreased in systemic sclerosis (SSc) and mixed connective tissue diseases (MCTD), and near normal in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Tortuosity was the most frequent (77.4%) qualitative parameter. Scleroderma pattern was found in 62.5% of patients with SSc and in 60% with MCTD. Non-specific pattern was found in 80% of SLE cases and 50% of dermatomyositis cases. Conclusion: Both quantitative and qualitative capillaroscopic changes are significantly associated with secondary RP. Scleroderma pattern was predominant in SSc and MCTD, whereas non-specific pattern was predominantly found in SLE and dermatomyositis.
Pengaruh Sanksi Perpajakan Dan Program Tax Amnesty Terhadap Kepatuhan Wajib Pajak
Authors: Muniroh Muniroh
Published: January 2022

Pemerintah membutuhkan penerimaan dalam melakukan pembangunan manusia dan infrastruktur. Pajak selama ini merupakan penerimaan terbesar bagi pembangunan, olehkarenanya pemerintah memberikan sanksi denda pada wajib pajak yang tidak membayar pajak dan pada tahun 2016 meluncurkan program Tax Amnesty (pembebasan denda pajak). Hal ini dilakukan karena setelah dilakukan analisa ternyata penerimaan pajak selama ini masih jauh dari target. Hal ini di sebabkan banyak faktor, antara lain masih minimnya kesadaran wajib pajak. Program ini bertujuan agar wajib pajak dapat transparan dalam membayar dan melaporkan pajaknya. Program ini memberikan pembebasan denda pajak dan potongan tarif, hanya membayar uang tebusan saja yang tarifnya jauh lebih kecil dibandingkan tarif normalnya atas harta yang dimiliki tetapi belum dilaporkan di SPT nya. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode analisa Regresi Berganda dengan obyek penelitian ini adalah Wajib Pajak yang terdaftar di KPP Pratama Biak Numfor (Papua). Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa sanksi perpajakan dan Program Tax Amnesty secara simultan berpengaruh signifikan terhadap kepatuhan wajib pajak. Sedangkan program Tax Amnesty memiliki pengaruh dominan terhadap Kepatuhan Wajib Pajak. Implikasi penelitian ini adalah pemerintah perlu melakukan Tax Amnesty agar masyarakat mau melaporkan pendapatan dan hartanya secara transparan. Hal ini disebabkan wajib pajak tidak perlu merasa khawatir lagi akan adanya pemeriksaan di kemudian hari. Dan atas hasil ini juga menunjukkan bahwa masyarakat Papua belum memiliki kesadaran tentang pentingnya pembayaran pajak. Oleh karenanya pemerintah perlu untuk lebih intens melakukan sosialisai tentang perlunya penerimaan pajak bagi negara kita.
Los mártires
Authors: Cardenal Rodolfo
Published: January 2022

No hay resúmenes disponibles.

ECA Estudios Centroamericanos, Vol. 52, No. 589-590, 1997: 1087-1089.
El reto de la transición
Authors: Ribera Ricardo
Published: January 2022

No hay resúmenes disponibles.

ECA Estudios Centroamericanos, Vol. 52, No. 589-590, 1997: 1191-1196.