bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
STUDI PERBANDINGAN PERENCANAAN STRUKTUR BAJA MENGGUNAKAN PROFIL BIASA DAN PROFIL KASTELA PADA PROYEK GEDUNG PGN DI SURABAYA
Authors: Lukmansa Indra
Published: July 2021

Material konstruksi yang paling populer saat ini adalah baja, material ini merupakan komponen utama dari bangunan-bangunan di dunia, khususnya bangunan tinggi. Balok kastela merupakan balok tampang I atau WF dengan lubang atau bukaan pada badan, dimanfaatkan untuk duct work, instalasi perpipaan, dan lain-lain, menggantikan cara konvensional yaitu dengan menggantungkan pipa atau duct pada balok. Adapun tujuan penulisan tersebut adalah: Untuk mengetahui hasil perencanaan menggunakan balok baja kastela. Untuk mengetahui penggunaan antara balok baja kastela dan balok baja biasa, mana yang lebih ekonomis. Pada penelitian terdahulu yaitu pada Karya Ilmiah Tugas Akhir S1 (Strata 1) milik Indra Lukmansa, Universitas 17 Agustus 1945 Surabaya, Tahun 2013. Telah dibuat kesimpulan untuk Tugas Akhir S1. Dalam perencanaan struktur baja biasa untuk profil kolom menggunakan profil H 350.175.7.11 untuk lantai 1 dan 2, profil 300.150.6,5.9 untuk lantai 3 dan 4, dan 250.125.6.9 untuk lantai atap. Untuk profil balok menggunakan profil WF 300.150.6,5.9.Â  Keunggulan konstruksi baja antara lain: mempunyai kekuatan yang tinggi, keseragaman dan keawetan yang tinggi, sifat elastis, daktilitas baja cukup tinggi, dan beberapa keuntungan lain pemakaian baja sebagai material konstruksi adalah kemudahan penyambungan antarelemen yang satu dan yang lainnnya menggunakan alat sambung las atau baut. Langkah penyelesaian masalah: gambar prarencana, menghitung pembebanan bangunan, menghitung beban gempa, analisa pembebanan, dan control stabilitas. Dalam metode kastela tidak diperlukan penambahan elemen pada baja profil. Secara umum sudut yang digunakan minimum sebesar 45Âº dan maksimum sebesar 70Âº, sedangkan yang paling sering digunakan adalah sudut 45Âº dan 60Âº. Â Dari hasil perencanaan maka telah didapatkan semua perencaan struktur baja menggunakan profil kastela. Yaitu untuk profil kolom menggunakan profil H 250.175.7.11. Untuk profil balok menggunakan profil WF 175.90.5.8. Dijadikan bentuk kastela menjadi profil 264.90.5.8. Sedangkan dilihat dari segi ekonomisnya. Biaya total menggunakan struktur baja kastela adalah Rp.1.307.358.000,-.Â  Sedangkan biaya total menggunakan struktur baja biasa adalah Rp. 1.791.453.000,-. Maka dari itu Selisih harga antara penggunaan struktur baja biasa dengan struktur baja kastela adalah Rp.484.095.000,-. Atau dengan perbandingan 1/1,4. Maka dapat disimpulkan kembali bahwa pekerjaan struktur baja kastela lebih ekonomis materialnya dibanding daripada baja biasa, jika ditinjau dari berat sendiri bangunan total. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa pekerjaan struktur baja kastela lebih ekonomis. Mengingat berat sendiri banguna sangat berpengaruh terhadap gaya yang dihasilkan dari berat bangunan itu sendiri, semakin besar berat bangunan, maka semakin besar pula gaya yang ditimbulkan.Kata kunci: Kastela, Profil H.
KONEKTIVITAS RENCANA BISNIS DENGAN MODAL USAHA DI MASA PANDEMI COVID-19
Authors: Ratnawati Tri , Maqsudi Achmad
Published: July 2021

Kondisi pandemic Covid-19 yang melanda dunia khususnya di Indonesia menyebabkan bisnis perlu melakukan rekonstruksi terhadap Rencana Bisnisnya terutama Rencana Bisnis jangka pendek sampai dengan awal Tahun 2021. Kondisi pandemi belum berakhir, sehingga perlu dilakukan koreksi sebagai penyesuaian Rencana Bisnis yang lebih dibuat pada tahun 2020, dimana diharapkan pandemi telah berakhir dan pada tahun 2021 kondisi perekonomian berada pada kondisi new normal, kondisi ini tidak sesuai harapan pada bulan Januari 2021. Kondisi masih berada pada kondisi Pandemi Covid-19. Akibat Pandemi Covid-19, terhadap bisnis yang engalami kerugian, misalnya bisnis tour travel, bisnis hotel, restaurant dan gallery – gallery sehingga bisnis – bisnis tersebut memerlukan rekonstruksi rencana bisnisnya baik jangka pendek, jangka menengah maupun jangka panjang. Terutama visi dan misi yang dibangun. Kerugian usaha ini dalam jangka panjang akan berakibat terhadap penurunan jumlah model yang disetor oleh para pemegang saham dan selanjutnya laba ditahan (Retained Earning) serta dapat mengikis pada modal.
PENERAPAN WAKTU PENYELESAIAN PROYEK DENGAN METODE CPM (Critical Path Method)” STUDI KASUS: Pembuatan Jembatan Timbang Di Gudang PPGK Milik PT GARAM (PERSERO)
Authors: Aggraini Nunung , Kartini Ida Ayu Nuh
Published: July 2021

Tujuan penelitian yang ingin dicapai sesuai dengan rumusan masalah yang telah dipaparkan adalah untuk mengetahui, meneliti dan penerapan metode CPM (Critical Path Method) dalam penjadwalan kembali pada proyek pembangunan jembatan timbang kapasita 60 Ton milik PT Garam (Persero). Hasil akhir dari penelitian ini adalah gambaran mengenai penerapan metode CPM pada satu proyek. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian action research dengan menggunakan metode CPM (Critical Path Method). Data yang digunakan dalam penelitian adalah data primer dan data sekunder. Data primer dalam penelitian ini adalah data tentang berapa lama proyek pembangunan jembatan timbang kapasitas 60 Ton dan biaya yang dikeluarkan untuk pembangunan jembatan timbang kapasitas 60. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian diketahui bahwa proyek pembangunan jembatan timbang kapasitas 60 ton berdasarkan metode CPM selama 67 hari. Sedangkan biaya yang keluar untuk proyek pembangunan proyek jembatan timbang kapasitas 60 ton berdasarkan jalur kritis metode CPM sebesar Rp.689.875.000. Dari segi biaya, penyelesaian proyek pembangunan proyek jembatan timbang kapasitas 60 ton akan mengefisiensi biaya sebesar 3% dari biaya proyek PT BUMIKU.
India rice export and virtual water trade
Authors: M. Uma Gowri , K. M. Shivakumar
Published: July 2021

The present study aimed to assess water footprint in the production and export of rice in India. From recent few years, the water footprint conception in full swing to inward detection around the world. The amplified attention in the water footprint has impelled the trade of commodities between countries. Water footprint in the rice field is a sign of water use that exhibits direct and indirect water usage in the rice field. Rice is an important food crop in India. It accesses the flows of water virtually between countries/regions of the world to illustrate the dependency of countries/regions on water resources with other countries/regions under diverse feasible futures. Hence, it is gaining consequence to calculate the water foot print in production as well as export of rice.  The Indian rice production and export of rice was calculated by using international trade and domestic production data. The study results indicated that the global footprint of rice production was 235774 Mm3 per ton which was 53 % of green water footprint, 41 % of blue water footprint and 6 % of grey water footprint for 2018-19. The virtual water flowed in trade was 24354 Mm3/year and the percolation was 16924 Mm3/year since rice is a more water consuming crop. The share of basmati and non-basmati trade accounted was 16 % and 42 %, respectively. Virtual water trade in rice can be minimized by exporting less water demand and high-value crops, proper water harvesting structures and other agronomic practices.
Agronomic biofortification with zinc on yield, nutritional quality, nutrient uptake and economics of babycorn
Authors: Amutham G. Tamil , Karthikeyan R. , Thavaprakaash N. , Bharathi C.
Published: July 2021

The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of agronomic biofortification with zinc on yield, nutritional quality, nutrient uptake and economics of babycorn under irrigated condition. The observations on yield viz., green cob yield, babycorn yield and green fodder yield and quality parameters (crude protein, total soluble sugars, starch and Zn content) were recorded at harvest stage. The nutrient uptake was analysed at different growth stages and economic indices viz., the total cost of cultivation, gross return, net return and benefit cost ratio were worked out for various zinc fertilization treatments. Increased green cob yield and babycorn yield was recorded higher in soil application of zinc sulphate @ 37.5 kg ha-1  along with a foliar spray of 1.0 % on 20 and 40 DAS. Quality parameters of babycorn viz., crude protein, total soluble sugars, starch and Zn content in corn were significantly increased with soil application of ZnSO4 @ 37.5 kg ha -1 along with a foliar spray of 0.5% at 20 and 40 DAS that recorded higher values of these quality characters. Plant nutrient uptake of N, K and Zn in babycorn was significantly increased with the application of ZnSO4 @ 37.5 kg ha -1 in soil with foliar spray of 0.5% at 20 and 40 DAS. Higher net monetary returns and B: C ratio were obtained with application of ZnSO4@ 37.5 kg ha -1in soil with foliar spray @ 0.5% on 20 and 40 DAS.
Development and evaluation of a sesame thresher as influenced by crop, machine and operational parameters
Authors: Kailashkumar B.
Published: July 2021

The development of a sesame thresher for the purpose has clearly an edge over conventional methods of threshing and reduce the drudgery of work to a great extent. Due to the scarcity of daily labours, it is essential to bring in a sesame thresher, which is cost-effective, compact, reduce threshing losses and easy to use for sesame cultivars. The laboratory experiments were conducted with different levels of variables, from that the combination level of 11.0 ms-1 peripheral velocity of threshing cylinder, 15 mm concave clearance, spike tooth type cylinder and 16.8 % (d.b) moisture content of harvested sesame capsule were selected. The selected combination level yielding the maximum threshing efficiency of 99.0 %, maximum cleaning efficiency of 99.4 % and minimum % visible damage to threshed sesame grains of 0.79 %, was optimized for the development of prototype sesame thresher. A prototype sesame thresher consisting of a mainframe, threshing unit, blower and sieve assembly, feed chute, power transmission system and transport wheels was developed with optimized level of variables. The prototype sesame thresher was evaluated for its performance in comparison with the conventional method of sesame threshing. Compared with the manual method of threshing, the prototype sesame thresher resulted in 17, 12, and 1.2 % savings in threshing efficiency, cleaning efficiency, and % visible damage to threshed sesame grains. The prototype sesame thresher results in 87 % and 83 % saving in time and cost respectively when compared to the conventional method of manual threshing.
On ceramic Dao Guan Hu (Bottom-filled Ewer)
Authors: Hsieh Ming-Liang
Published: July 2021

The so-called Dao Guan Hu (bottom-filled ewer), also referred to as Dao Liu Hu (reverse-flow ewer), and Dao Zhu Hu (reverse-filled ewer), is a type of pouring vessel designed with Stevin’s Law, a formula in physics which employs a communicating tube to balance out the equilibrium of the liquid levels via a vacuum lock. The structure has a small hole at the bottom of a ewer, a jar, or a trompe-l'œil figure connected to a hollow tube inside the vessel. The liquid will not leak out when turning the vessel upright after it is filled. The current evidence attests that China started producing such wares in the ninth century during the late Tang dynasty. The production continued throughout the Song, Liao, Jin, Ming, and Qing dynasties, and the products were traded to Europe as export ceramics in the seventeenth century. They were also found on the Korean peninsula as Goryeo celadon in the twelfth century and in addition as Buncheong ware during the Joseon dynasty in the fifteenth century. The blue and white teapots with overglaze decoration retrieved from a shipwreck assemblage near Hội An in Vietnam also testify the production of this type of vessels with the same structure in Vietnam in the fifteenth and early sixteenth centuries. In the early eighteenth century, the Meissen porcelain manufactory in Germany copied peach-shaped white porcelain pots with overglaze polychrome enamels from imported Chinese bottom-filled prototypes. Dutch potters also decorated imported white porcelain Dao Guan Hu from China with overglaze polychrome enamels.
UKRN Position on Supporting Research Transparency among Research Students
Authors: Group UKRN Steering
Published: July 2021

UKRN position statement on supporting research transparency among research students. Written by the UKRN Steering Group. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License (CC BY-SA).
Revie 5 Jurnal Dosen Pendidikan IPS
Authors: CAHYA AINUN
Published: July 2021

Artikel ini tanpa menggunakan abstrak langsung ke pembahasan dan simpulan
KEBIJAKAN DELIBERATIF SEBAGAI DIMENSI-DIMENSI UTAMA DALAM PENYUSUNAN KEBIJAKAN PUBLIK YANG UNGGUL.
Authors: Syukri Anisyah
Published: July 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kebijakan deliberatif sebagai dimensi utama dalam penyusunan kebijakan publik yang unggul. Kebijakan sebagai serangkaian tindakan yang diusulkan seseorang, kelompok atau pemerintah dalam suatu lingkungan tertentu dengan menunjukkan hambatan-hambatan dan kesempatan-kesempatan terhadap pelaksanaan usulan kebijakan tersebut dalam rangka mencapai tujuan tertentu. Kebijakan deliberatif merupakan bentuk derivasi dari demokrasi deliberatif. Teori dan proses kebijakan publik memiliki definisi yang tidak hanya menekankan pada hal-hal yang diusulkan pemerintah, tetapi juga mencakup arah tindakan yang dilakukan oleh pemerintah. Proses kebijakan terdiri dari : perumusan kebijakan, implementasi kebijakan, monitoring kebijakan, dan evaluasi kebijakan. Analisis kebijakan adalah penerapan metode dan teknik analisis yang bersifat multidisiplin dalam proses kebijakan analisis kebijakan memberikan landasan untuk membedakan tiga bentuk utama analisis kebijakan, antara lain; analisis kebijakan prospektif, analisis kebijakan restrospektif, dan analisis kebijakan terintegrasi.
Một trăm ngày có lẻ của ông Phạm Minh Chính trên cương vị Thủ tướng
Authors: Lab SDAG
Published: July 2021

Ngày 26/7, ông Phạm Minh Chính, lần thứ hai trong vòng hơn 100 ngày có lẻ, đã tuyên thệ nhậm chức Thủ tướng. Lần đầu ông làm điều này là ngày 5/4/2021, trong phiên họp cuối cùng của Quốc hội khóa trước, chuẩn bị cho ngày bầu cử Quốc hội khóa mới.
May we unify relativity with quantum physics? Could evolutionary biology help in proposing transitionary stages of quanta to the observable world? Maybe a piece of evidence to the everything theory…
Authors: de Araujo Costa Dimitri
Published: July 2021

The four fundamental forces that govern the universe, i.e. gravity, electromagnetism, strong nuclear force, and weak nuclear force, explain the macro (first one) and the micro world in an independent way. However, up to the present day, no consensus has been reached to bring gravitational and subatomic forces into a single theory. This manuscript seeks to propose, through theoretical analysis, an evolutionary process (like in biology) from quanta to the formation of physical bodies, that may help to link relativity with quantum physics.
Proposal layanan pembuatan website dan pemasangan domain
Authors: Rizki Fathur
Published: July 2021

Proposal Layanan Pembuatan Website dan Pemasangan Domain
Life cycle greenhouse gas emissions of microalgal fuel from thin-layer cascades
Authors: Portner Benjamin W. , Endres Christian H. , Brück Thomas , Garbe Daniel
Published: July 2021

Thin-layer cascades (TLCs) enable algae cultivation at high cell densities, thus increasing biomass yields and facilitating the harvest process. This makes them a promising technology for industrial-scale algal fuel production. Using Life Cycle Assessment (LCA), we calculate the greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions of aviation fuel produced using algal biomass from TLCs. We find that the impact (81 g CO2e per MJ) is lower than that of fuel from algal biomass cultivated in open race way ponds (94 g CO2e). However, neither of the two cultivation systems achieve sufficient GHG savings for compliance with the Renewable Energy Directive II. Seawater desalination in particular dominates the TLC impact, indicating a trade-off between carbon and water footprint. In both cultivation systems, the mixing power and fertilizer consumption present further significant impacts. There is uncertainty in the correlation between mixing power and algal oil yield, which should be investigated by future experimental studies.
A machine learning based approach to clinopyroxene thermobarometry: model optimisation and distribution for use in Earth Sciences
Authors: Jorgenson Corin , Higgins Oliver , Petrelli Maurizio , Bégué Florence , Caricchi Luca
Published: July 2021

Thermobarometry is a fundamental tool to quantitatively interrogate magma plumbing systems and broaden our appreciation of volcanic processes. Developments in random forest-based machine learning lend themselves to a more data-driven approach to clinopyroxene thermobarometry. This can include allowing users to access and filter large experimental datasets that can be tailored to individual applications in Earth Sciences. Here we present a methodological assessment of random forest thermobarometry, using the R freeware package “extraTrees”, by investigating the model performance, tuning hyperparameters, and evaluating different methods for calculating uncertainties. We determine that deviating from the default hyperparameters used in the “extraTrees” package results in little difference in overall model performance (<0.2 kbar and <3 ⁰C difference in mean SEE). However, accuracy is greatly affected by how the final pressure or temperature (PT) value from the voting distribution of trees in the random forest is selected (mean, median or mode). This thus far has been unapproached in machine learning thermobarometry. Using the mean value leads to a higher residual between experimental and predicted PT, whereas using median values produces smaller residuals. Additionally, this work provides two comprehensive R scripts for users to apply the random forest methodology to natural datasets. The first script permits modification and filtering of the model calibration dataset. The second script contains pre-made models in which users can rapidly input their data to recover pressure and temperature estimates. These scripts are open source and can be accessed at https://github.com/corinjorgenson/RandomForest-cpx-thermobarometer.
Implementation of Reed Solomon Code Over GF(9) and 9-Ary Symmetric Channel
Authors: Balti Elyes
Published: July 2021

Reed-Solomon and related codes have recently become very important for erasure correction in large disk arrays used in data centers. In this paper, we will implement a 3-error correcting Reed-Solomon encoder and decoder over the field GF(9) generated by the primitive polynomial D^2 + D + 2 over GF(3) and the decoding is carried out by the Berlekamp. We simulate the encoder and decoder using Monte-Carlo simulations over the 9-ary symmetric channel that outputs the correct symbol with probability (1-p), and outputs one of the other 8 possible incorrect symbols with probability p/8. Then, we compare the simulated probability of symbol error P(E) of out code with the union upper bound.
The Structure of Developmental Variation in Early Childhood
Authors: Stenhaug Ben , Ram Nilam , Frank Michael C.
Published: July 2021

Do children’s abilities develop in tandem or on their own separate timetables? Piaget proposed that development proceeded globally through stages; more recent theories view development as more modular with diﬀerent abilities developing independently and on diﬀerent time-scales. The developmental diﬀerentiation hypothesis suggests that the structure of a child’s development is unitary early in infancy but becomes more complex with age. Despite an abundance of theoretical interest in this question, there is little empirical work on the macrostructure of developmental changes in early childhood. We investigate this structure using two large datasets of parent-reported developmental milestones. Applying item response theory models, we ﬁnd that variation in development across infancy and early childhood is multidimensional. Consistent with the diﬀerentiation hypothesis, diﬀerences among older children are better described by higher-dimensional models. In addition, in longitudinal data, we ﬁnd that, within-person changes in underlying abilities are highly coupled early in life but their coupling decreases by age 12 months. Our work provides a model-based method for linking holistic descriptions of early development to basic theoretical questions about the nature of change in childhood.
Does Depth of Processing Affect Temporal Contiguity?
Authors: Mundorf Abigail Marie Dester , Uitvlugt Mitchell , Healey Karl
Published: July 2021

Memory tends to be better when items are processed for their meaning (deep processing) rather than their perceptual features (shallow processing). This levels of processing (LOP) effect is well-replicated and has been applied in many settings, but the mechanisms involved are still not well understood. The temporal contiguity effect (TCE), the finding that recalling one event often triggers recall of another event experienced nearby in time, also predicts memory performance. This effect has given rise to several competing theories with specific contiguity-generating mechanisms related to how items are processed. Therefore, studying how LOP and the TCE interact may shed light on the mechanisms underlying both effects. However, it is unknown how LOP and the TCE interact—the various theories make differing predictions. In this preregistered study, we tested predictions of three theoretical explanations: accounts which assume temporal information is automatically encoded, accounts based on a trade-off between item and order information, and accounts which emphasize the importance of strategic control processes. Participants completed an immediate free recall task where they either engaged in deep processing, shallow processing, or no additional task while studying each word. Recall and the TCE were highest for no-task lists and greater for deep than shallow processing. Our results support theories which assume temporal associations are automatically encoded and those which emphasize strategic control processes. Both perspectives should be considered in theory development. These findings also suggest temporal information may contribute to better recall under deeper processing with implications in determining which situations benefit from deep processing.
Multimodal attention creates the visual input for infant word learning
Authors: Schroer Sara E , Yu Chen
Published: July 2021

Infant language acquisition is fundamentally an embodied process, relying on the body to select information from the learning environment. Infants show their attention to an object not merely by gazing at the object, but also through orienting their body towards the object and generating various types of manual actions on the object, such as holding, touching, and shaking. The goal of the present study was to examine how multimodal attention shapes infant word learning in real-time. Infants and their parents played in a home-like lab with unfamiliar objects with assigned labels. While playing, participants wore wireless head-mounted eye trackers to capture visual attention. Infants were then tested on their knowledge of the new words. We identified all the utterances in which parents labeled the learned or not learned objects and analyzed infant multimodal attention during and around labeling. We found that proportion of time spent in hand-eye coordination predicted learning outcomes. To understand the learning advantage hand-eye coordination creates, we compared the size of objects in the infant’s field of view. Although there were no differences in object size between learned and not learned labeling utterances, hand-eye coordination created the most informative views. Together, these results suggest that in-the-moment word learning may be driven by the greater access to informative object views that hand-eye coordination affords.
Guidelines for telephone psychological counseling
Authors: Inasaridze Ketevan
Published: July 2021

Different types of mental problems are observed with individuals involved in the educational space, with school pupils, university students, teachers/lecturers and other staff involved in the field. These problems include cognitive, emotional, motivational, behavioral, personal, and social aspects. The existing psychological resource requires additional forces, in particular the addition of a telephone psychological counseling service. Psychological counseling is an interactive process between a qualified counselor and a client. To implement it at a qualified level requires training of psychologist consultants, equipping them with the appropriate knowledge and methods, that is a purpose of the presented article.
Behavioral activation method for depression therapy
Authors: Inasaridze Ketevan
Published: July 2021

Under the lockdown of COVID-19 infection, a dramatic decline in social contacts, a radical change in daily life routine, economic problems, a real threat to one's own life, and the death of loved ones have led to depression in many people of all ages. In the arsenal of methods used by psychologist consultants when conducting telephone and online consultations, it is recommended to use the method of behavioral activation. Behavioral activation is a structured, short-term psychosocial approach that aims to alleviate depression and prevent future relapse by focusing directly on behavioral change. The article includes a discussion of the characteristics of the behavioral activation method.
Effects of computer-based training on children's executive functions and academic achievement
Authors: Conesa Pedro Javier , Duñabeitia Jon Andoni
Published: July 2021

The educational community is deeply interested in knowing how to improve the academic performance of its students. And in particular, with regard to the skills critical to academic performance, the literature has revealed that the development of executive functions (EF) plays a key role. Although numerous studies have aimed to improve EF through computerized cognitive training interventions, the evidence of the effect derived from these interventions remains ambiguous. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of a computerized game-based training program on EF and its impact on academic performance in 713 Spanish Primary School students (M =10.2 years old, 51.3 % girls). The EF training was carried out in 26 participating schools (8 weeks, 3 sessions of 15-20 minutes each week), measuring both before and after the training students’ executive functions through questionnaires and chronometric tests, and obtaining information on academic performance. The results showed an improvement within the training group in the validated questionnaires exploring inhibition and working memory, as well as in academic performance, compared to the control group. In contrast, no significant intergroup differences were observed in the chronometric tests measuring inhibition. These results highlight the relevance of computerized EF training programs as part of the educational activities developedat schools.
Just give them childcare: The COVID-19 pandemic as a natural experiment in parenting practices
Authors: Hartshorne Joshua K.
Published: July 2021

Correlations between parenting practices and child development outcomes are as established as anything in human behavior. Their causes remain controversial. Parenting practices are confounded with culture, socio-economic status, and genetics. As a general rule, randomized controlled experiments are impractical if not impossible. We use the COVID-19 pandemic school reopenings as a natural experiment to address this gap. A number of studies showed that the advent of the pandemic affected families negatively affected families. Prior work tied increased child recreational screen time and decreased parent mental health specifically to school and daycare closures (rather than work-at-home policies, unemployment, fluctuating COVID rates, etc.). However, losses are different from gains, and just because losing childcare hurts families does not mean increasing childcare will help them. We use the fact that schools reopened at different times and to different degrees across the country, showing that return to in-person schooling decreased child recreational screen time and improved parent mental health. Again, we rule out potential confounds like work-from-home policies, COVID rates, and unemployment. The results indicate that addressing childcare gaps may be critical to improving child and family well-being.
Spoken language acquisition in children with prelingual hearing loss: A review of their morphosyntactic abilities at the sentence level
Authors: Taboh Analí , Shalom Diego , Gattei Carolina
Published: July 2021

The language development of children with hearing impairment who access spoken language through hearing devices (CHI) usually lags behind that of children with typical development. In order to improve therapeutic and educational practices for these children, it is important to understand which specific aspects of language represent difficulties for them. This work reviews the evidence on CHI’s morphosyntactic abilities at the sentence level by focusing on their comprehension and production of specific types of structures: simple sentences, topicalized sentences, passives, sentences with relative clauses, and wh-questions. It also reviews demographic, clinical, and cognitive factors that introduce variability in CHI’s performance, as well as different accounts of their difficulties at the sentence level.
Race and support for police use of force: Findings from the UK
Authors: Yesberg Julia , Kyprianides Arabella , Bradford Ben , Milani Jenna , Quinton Paul , Clark-Darby Oliver
Published: July 2021

The use of force is arguably the defining feature of police. Yet this power is often controversial: a key node in the contest and debate that almost always swirls around police, with the question of race never far from such contestation. In this paper, we consider the influence of race in responses to use of force incidents among British-based samples. Using two text-based vignette experiments and one video study, our aims are threefold: (1) to explore the influence of suspect race in how people respond to police use of force; (2) to test the interaction between participant ethnicity and suspect race; and (3) to understand what attitudes and beliefs influence how people respond to police use of force. We found no effect of suspect race on how people judged police use of force. White participants were slightly more accepting of police use of force than black participants, but there was no interaction with suspect race. The strongest predictor of acceptance of police use of force was trust in police, and, controlling for other relevant predictors, racial prejudice was also a significant positive predictor of acceptance of use of force. To our knowledge this is the first study of its kind to be fielded in the UK.
The Slow Violence of Contemporary Policing
Authors: Kramer Rory , Remster Brianna
Published: July 2021

An estimated 60 million Americans encounter police annually and Black and Brown Americans over more than one millionmore than one million are disproportionately threatened or subjected to police use of force during these encounters. Much research exists on the efficacy for crime control of the policing practices that produce those encounters for crime control, but outside of formal consequences such as incarceration, the criminology of police harms has been slower to emerge. In this review, we describe the slow violence that contemporary policing practices disproportionately inflict on people of color. These wide-ranging harms constitute cultural trauma, shaping health, well-being, academic performance, government participation, community membership, and physical space. As a result, routine policing practices help create and maintain the racial and class status quo. We close by considering the limits of popular reforms given those harms and urge researchers to take a broader approach by studying nonpolicing alternatives to public safety alongside crime control efficacy and incorporating more critical perspectives to build a more comprehensive assessment of modern policing practices.
Blood glucose concentration measured in EDTA/F plasma and serum in a referral clinical laboratory in Nepal
Authors: Pant Vivek , Gautam Keyoor , Pradhan Santosh , Pyakurel Devish , Shrestha Abha
Published: July 2021

Background: Sodium fluoride tubes or serum separator tubes are mostly used for blood glucose estimation in the clinical laboratories of Nepal. The study aimed to investigate the stability of glucose in samples collected in serum separator tubes and sodium fluoride/sodium ethylenediaminetetraacetic tubes by comparing the glucose concentration at 30 minutes and 4 hours collected and handled differently to simulate prolonged sample transport between venipunctures, centrifugation, and measurement.Materials and Methods: Samples were collected from healthy volunteers into two different serum separator tubes and two different sodium fluoride/sodium ethylenediaminetetraacetic tubes. Glucose concentration was measured at 30 minutes after venipuncture and compared with results from the same samples analyzed at four hours and with the results from tubes centrifuged with a delay of 4 hours. Differences between baseline and respective delayed analyzed glucose values for each tube type were tested using the Student’s paired t-test and Deming regression.Results: When comparing plasma glucose at 30 minutes, glycolysis caused a relative reduction of the glucose concentration in serum at 30 minutes of 3.1 %, which is only slightly less than at 4 hours (3.7 %). This is still substantially more than the reduction in plasma at 4 hours (1.3 %). Surprisingly, the difference between plasma glucose at 30 minutes and serum glucose at 4 hours was only 1.9% which is not clinically significant.Conclusions: The Na-F/Na2 EDTA tubes and serum separator tubes can be used interchangeably for analysis of blood glucose up to 4 hours if centrifuged within 30 minutes.
Mixed adenoneuroendocrine tumour with squamous differentiation: a case report
Authors: Thomas Irene , Surendran Divya , Augustine Joy
Published: July 2021

Mixed adenoneuroendocrine carcinoma is a rare neoplasm with both epithelial and neuroendocrine components. To date, only a few cases of this neoplasm have been reported in the literature among which gastric mixed adenoneuroendocrine carcinoma is very rare. We are reporting a case of gastric mixed adenoneuroendocrine carcinoma with squamous cell differentiation. Histopathological features, biological behaviour and the treatment of this rare tumour type have been discussed briefly.
Cyclin D1 expression and its correlation with clinicopathological variables in colorectal carcinoma
Authors: Sharma Neha , Singh Taranveer , Kaur Arshdeep , Manjari Mridu , Bashir Shazia
Published: July 2021

Background: This study was conducted to evaluate the expression of Cyclin D1 in colorectal carcinoma, and to correlate Cyclin D1 positivity with the grade of the tumor along with other parameters such as age, tumor location, lymph node metastasis, and vessel invasion.Materials and Methods: The present cross-sectional study was conducted on 40 proven cases of colorectal carcinoma from October 2015 to October 2017. The tissues were fixed, processed, and stained with hematoxylin and eosin followed by immunohistochemical staining with Cyclin D1 using monoclonal antibodies.Results: 75% of the cases were conventional adenocarcinoma while the rest were mucinous adenocarcinoma. Of the total colorectal carcinomas,12.5% were Grade I, 50% were Grade II and 37.5% cases were Grade III. Cyclin D1 positivity was seen in 60% of cases with the most positivity in grade II tumors. A statistically significant correlation of Cyclin D1 was seen with age group (5th- 6th decade) and histological type of tumor. No significant correlation was seen of Cyclin D1 with lymph node involvement, depth of invasion, vascular invasion, or perineural invasion. A significant statistical correlation was seen with Crohn’s-like reaction and peritumoral lymphocytic response.Conclusions: Thus, it was concluded that a highly statistically significant correlation was seen with age group (5th- 6th decade) and histological type of tumor. No significant correlation was seen with Cyclin D1 expression with lymph node involvement, depth of invasion, vascular invasion, or perineural invasion.
Mucinous Carcinoma of the breast with micropapillary pattern and psammomatous calcification: A case study.
Authors: Bhattacharjee Koushiki , Valiathan Manna
Published: July 2021

Mucinous carcinoma with a micropapillary pattern is an unusual form of Invasive breast cancer exhibiting dual mucinous and micropapillary differentiation. The present case is of a 47-year-old nulliparous female who presented with an incidental finding of a hard lump in her left breast. Mammography revealed a BIRADS 4 lesion. Modified radical mastectomy was done and the specimen was grossed, revealing a tumor of 3x2.6x2.6 cm in the outer quadrant. Microscopy revealed the tumor having extracellular mucin pools with floating psammoma bodies and focal micropapillary pattern. Four of the twenty-six lymph nodes sampled were found to have tumor deposits. The micropapillary pattern was maintained in the metastatic deposits. Immunohistochemistry revealed ER and PR positivity and Her2Neu negativity. EMA corroborated the findings. It is important to recognize the micropapillary pattern in mucinous carcinomas of the breast as these tumors tend to be more aggressive than pure mucinous breast lesions.
Neuronal hyperplasia in clinically diagnosed acute appendicitis: A histopathological study in tertiary care centre
Authors: Parmar Riddhi A , Dixit Riti P , Patel Keval Arvindbhai , Sharma Bhawana S , Dave Jigna
Published: July 2021

Background: Acute appendicitis is one of the most common general surgical emergencies. Around 20-25% of patients who have an appendectomy done are found not to have acute appendicitis on histopathological examination. There is increasing evidence of the involvement of the enteric nervous system, in the immune regulation and monitoring the inflammatory responses. The present study was done to elucidate if neuronal changes in the appendix could be the cause of clinical acute.Materials and methods: Hospital records of 60 cases who were diagnosed as acute appendicitis clinically and who underwent appendectomy either laparoscopic or open, were reviewed. Histopathological records of these resected appendices submitted to the department of histopathology, GAIMS, G.K. General Hospital Bhuj were reviewed for one year for the presence or absence of acute appendicitis or neuronal hyperplasia. Routine Haematoxylin and Eosin stain and S-100 protein staining was done on all these 60 cases.Results: Out of these 60 specimens of appendices received, histopathological examination revealed neuronal hyperplasia in the submucosa and muscularis layer on all the 60 cases. Grading of neuronal hyperplasia was done in all the cases. Out of these 60 specimens of appendices, histopathological examination revealed 48 cases of histopathologically positive acute appendicitis and 12 cases of histopathologically negative acute appendicitis.Conclusions: Neuronal hyperplasia has an important role in the pathogenesis of appendiceal colic in patients with both histopathologically positive acute appendicitis and histopathologically negative acute appendicitis
Dychotomiczny podział referendów dotyczących integracji europejskiej. Europejskie referenda bottom-up
Authors: Parol Agnieszka
Published: July 2021

One of the permanent instruments shaping the acquis communautaire are national referendums, which, although they have a different legal basis in each country, due to their scope, are combined into a common category of referendums on European integration (European referendums). Followed shortly by revision referendums, membership referendums were the first to appear in the integration process. The said referendums are part of the process of the top-down law Europeanisation. They do not, however, exhaust the catalogue of referendums on European integration, which also includes bottom-up Europeanisation national referendums. Because in each case of referendums it is possible to clearly indicate the type of Europeanisation (top-down, bottom-up) which they implement – it seems that this process may become the basis for the internal diversification of European referendums. The aim of the article is to propose a dichotomous division into European top-down and bottom-up referendums, and to analyse the categories of European bottom-up referendums. Six referendums organised after the TL’s entry into force were analysed. These are referendums that took place in: Denmark, Greece, the Netherlands, the United Kingdom and Hungary.
O dopuszczalności zdalnego głosowania w Sejmie na podstawie Konstytucji RP z 1997 r.
Authors: Roszkiewicz Janusz
Published: July 2021

The subject of the article is to assess the admissibility of remote voting in the Sejm by means of electronic communication from the point of view of the Constitution of the Republic of Poland, in particular Article 109(1) and Article 120. The aim of the article is to determine – with the use of dogmatic, historical and comparative method – the possibility of holding a valid sitting of the Sejm in the presence of deputies remotely participating in the sitting. The text takes the view that a purposive interpretation allows for the holding of a sitting of the Sejm in virtual form (by permitting remote voting) in exceptional situations, in particular when the physical presence of deputies in the plenary chamber is impossible or would involve a serious risk to their life or health. The technical means used for remote voting should ensure that all authorised deputies have a secure and effective connection to the voting equipment, i.e. that the voter can be identified, that it is tamper-proof and that the vote can be cast efficiently.
Urząd Wojewody Lubelskiego na przestrzeni stu lat funkcjonowania Waldemar Kozyra Urząd Wojewody Lubelskiego w latach 1919–2019. Sto lat funkcjonowania w różnych ustrojach politycznych i systemach administracyjnych Wydawnictwo UMCS, Lublin 2019, s. 408.
Authors: Krzysztofiński Mariusz
Published: July 2021

The administration of the reborn state, created in 1918 from scratch after years of partitions played an important role in the recent history of Poland. Next to the army, it was one of the most important institutions consolidating the areas previously belonging to the three partitioners and integrating the new citizens of the Republic of Poland. Such a role was played by the administration both during the twentieth century and in the current century.
Republika Bułgarii: Decyzja numer 13 Sądu Konstytucyjnego Bułgarii z dnia 27 lipca 2018 r.
Authors: Pogłódek Andrzej
Published: July 2021

The decision of the Constitutional Court of the Republic of Bulgaria concerns the incompatibility of the Council of Europe Convention on preventing and combating violence against women and domestic violence, drawn up on 11 May 2011 in Istanbul (hereinafter: the Istanbul Convention; the Convention) with the Constitution. The decision was issued on 27 July 2018. The Constitutional Court ruled that the Istanbul Convention, due to the provisions of Article 3(c) and Article 4 § 3, which are fundamental to its interpretation, is inconsistent with the Constitution due to the fact that the Convention does not allow for reservations to be made to these provisions. The reason for finding these provisions inconsistent with the Bulgarian Constitution was that the Convention recognized gender as a social construct, breaking down the unity of the socio-cultural dimension and the biologically determined gender. Both of these approaches are recognized by the Convention as autonomous, equal. The Constitutional Court indicated that at the axiological level, the Istanbul Convention includes aspects of gender ideology, which it defined as: “all ideas, beliefs and convictions according to which biologically determined sexual characteristics are irrelevant, and only gender self-identification is important”. The decision also indicated that the terms “gender” and “gender identity” used in the Convention do not have an unambiguous content, which violates the principle of the rule of law, and makes it impossible to determine what the state party to the Istanbul Convention is obliged to undertake. The ruling issued by the Constitutional Court ended the ongoing political dispute in Bulgaria regarding the ratification of the Istanbul Convention. The findings made by the Bulgarian Constitutional Court may also be important in the ongoing discussion in Poland, the subject of which is the termination of this international agreement.
Orzecznictwo Sądu Najwyższego w sprawach ze skargi nadzwyczajnej w sprawach cywilnych i karnych
Authors: Kluza Jan
Published: July 2021

The article presents the issues related to the new extraordinary appeal introduced in December 2017 in the form of an extraordinary complaint. The intention of this article is to present how the premises of this complaint are understood by the Supreme Court. The conditions for the admissibility of an extraordinary complaint are defined in an evaluative and vague manner, therefore the analysis of their perception by the Supreme Court will allow for the presentation of this special extraordinary measure, which occupies a special place in comparison with other existing extraordinary appeal measures.
Canada’s First Celebrity Drug Trial: R v. Hatfield, 1985
Authors: Marquis Greg
Published: July 2021

Since the 1960s, celebrity drug trials have usually involved actors or musicians. The first drug prosecution of a Canadian “celebrity” took place in 1985 after the Royal Canadian Mounted Police (RCMP) found a small amount of marijuana in the luggage of New Brunswick Premier Richard Hatfield at the airport in Fredericton. He was charged with simple possession and, aided by a team of lawyers, pleaded not guilty. Although Hatfield was the most successful premier in the province’s history, he was facing challenges over the economy and language policy, and a finding of guilt would have devastated both his political career and the fortunes of his party. This article examines the Hatfield drug prosecution, which was followed by revelations of drug use with university students in 1981, as a chapter in Canadian legal and political history. It involved not only a privileged defendant, but also the independence of judges, the role of the RCMP, the relationship between the courts and the media, federal-provincial relations and an internal RCMP probe. Hatfield, the political celebrity, won his 1985 court battle but, with his lifestyle impugned, lost in the court of public opinion. In 1987, his party was crushed by the landslide victory of Frank McKenna’s Liberals.
“There is a new drug in the schedule”: The Criminalization of Cannabis in Canada
Authors: Ruston Nathan
Published: July 2021

Canada has recently concluded its prohibition on the recreational use of cannabis, which lasted for nearly a century. However, when cannabis was first criminalized in 1923, there was effectively no use of it in Canada at that time, and scholars have struggled to identify the specific reasons for which cannabis was added to the schedule of prohibited drugs. When situated within the drug discourse of the time, the lack of an explanation for criminalization becomes less surprising; the contemporary links between addiction, drug use, and racism likely transformed any prohibitive drug control measures into the kind of policy that did not require debate or analysis on the part of Parliament. Drugs and racial minorities were presented as connected threats to the integrity of the white Canadian population and to moral order, and moral reformers capitalized on this connection to support the criminalization of drugs. While the documentary source of the criminalization of cannabis remains unknown, these discursive conditions are of far greater import in understanding why cannabis was criminalized.