bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Gender attraction in sentence comprehension
Authors: González Alonso Jorge , Cunnings Ian , Fujita Hiroki , Miller David , Rothman Jason
Published: February 2021

Agreement attraction, where ungrammatical sentences are perceived as grammatical (e.g., *The key to the cabinets were rusty), has been influential in motivating models of memory access during language comprehension. It is contested, however, whether such effects arise due to a faulty representation of relevant morphosyntactic features, or as a result of memory retrieval. Existing studies of agreement attraction in comprehension have largely been limited to subject-verb number agreement, primarily in English, and while attraction in other agreement phenomena such as gender has been investigated in production, very few studies have focused on gender attraction in comprehension. We conducted five experiments investigating noun-adjective gender agreement during comprehension in Spanish. Our results indicate attraction effects during online sentence processing that are consistent with approaches ascribing attraction to interference during memory retrieval, rather than to a faulty representation of agreement features. We interpret our findings as consistent with the predictions of cue-based parsing.
Long-term outcomes of initially conservatively treated midshaft clavicle fractures
Authors: Lee Gwan Bum , Kim Hyojune , Jeon In-Ho , Koh Kyoung Hwan
Published: February 2021

Background: Recent studies about completely displaced midshaft clavicle fractures have reported that their nonunion/malunion rates were significantly higher in conservatively treated patients compared to surgically treated patients. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the factors associated with treatment decisions for midshaft clavicle fractures and also the factors that affect patient satisfaction with their treatment choice.Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the records of 75 patients who had been diagnosed with a midshaft clavicle fracture and were treated conservatively at a single institution between March 1, 2013, and December 31, 2014. Their medical records were reviewed to investigate the severity of the initial vertical displacement. A telephone survey was carried out to identify the presence of any patient-perceived deformity and determine if the patient eventually underwent surgery and whether the patient would prefer surgery if the injury recurred. Results: Significantly more patients with vertical displacement ≥100% (9/28) eventually underwent surgery compared to patients with vertical displacement <100% (3/32; p=0.028). Patients with vertical displacement ≥100% (13/28) were significantly more likely to prefer surgery compared to patients with vertical displacement <100% (7/32, p=0.044). Among the conservatively treated patients, nine of 32 participants with a patient-perceived deformity and one of 16 without a patient-perceived deformity responded that they would prefer to receive surgery in same situation in the future (p=0.079).Conclusions: Patients with a midshaft clavicle fracture with vertical displacement of ≥100% may eventually require surgical treatment. When conservative treatment is carried out, the long-term patient results may be unsatisfactory due to perceived residual deformities.
The Philosophy of International Public Law and the Changes on the Reality of the International Society
Authors: Hammash Abdelsalam
Published: February 2021

The evolution of the concept of International society has considerably broadened throughout history along with the evolution of International rules. At first, it was defining the group of sovereign States existing at that time, while subsequently to the creation of the UN organization, International society would rather imply any individual designated by International legal corpus. At the end of the Cold War, the multiplication of nation-States, that would stay politically and economically fragile and unstable, compelled the UN to act over those States' sovereignty, though, to help them to outlive. Over the last decades, the phenomenon of globalization has contributed to support the idea of human rights and has considerably led to a global opinion that would be able to put pressure on States. Moreover, the UN would engage itself in emphasizing the concept of peace in all its decisions and actions. As such, International Penal institutions as the International Court of Justice had been established. But the fear of States for their sovereignty has still remained a problem in the equation.
Construction and Accuracy Analysis of a BDS/GPS-Integrated Positioning Algorithm for Forests
Authors: Yan Fei , Hu Xueqi , Xu Lidan , Wu Yongrui
Published: February 2021

The objective of this study was to construct a BeiDou navigation satellite system (BDS)/global positioning system (GPS)-integrated positioning algorithm that meets the accuracy requirement of forest surveys and to analyze its accuracy to provide theoretical and technical support for accurate positioning and navigation in forests. The Quercus variabilis broad-leaved forest in Jiufeng National Forest Park and the Sabina Coniferous forest in Dongsheng Bajia forest farm were selected as the study area. A Sanding T-23 multi-frequency three-constellation receiver and a u-blox NEO-M8T multi-constellation receiving module were used for continuous observation under the forest canopy. Compared with T-23, the u-blox NEO-M8T is much lighter and more flexible in the forest. The BDS/GPS-integrated positioning algorithm for forests was constructed by temporally and spatially unifying the satellite systems and using a reasonable observed value weighting method. Additionally, the algorithm is also written into the RTKLIB software to calculate the three-dimensional (3D) coordinates of the forest observation point in the World Geodetic System 1984 (WGS-84) coordinate system. Finally, the results were compared with the positioning results obtained using GPS alone. The experimental results indicated that, compared with GPS positioning, there were 13–27 visible satellites available for the BDS/GPS-integrated positioning algorithm for forests, far more than the satellites available for the GPS positioning algorithm alone. The Position Dilution of Precision (PDOP) values for the BDS/GPS-integrated positioning ranged from 0.5 to 1.9, lower than those for GPS positioning. The signal noise ratio (SNR) of the BDS/GPS-integrated satellite signals and GPS satellite signals were both in the range of 10–50 dB-Hz. However, because there were more visible satellites for the BDS/GPS-integrated positioning, the signals from the BDS/GPS-integrated satellites were stronger and had a more stable SNR than those from the GPS satellites alone. The results obtained using the BDS/GPS-integrated positioning algorithm for forests had significantly higher theoretical and actual accuracies in the X, Y and Z directions than those obtained using the GPS positioning algorithm. This suggests that the BDS/GPS-integrated positioning algorithm can obtain more accurate positioning results for complex forest environments.
Analysis the activity of medical entities in the field of outsourcing in selected types of basic activity
Authors: Borowska Mariola Wioletta , Augustynowicz Anna , Czerw Aleksandra Izabela
Published: February 2021

The literature includes extensive presentation of experiences relating to the application of outsourcing method in healthcare in subsequent countries. The aim of the research is to analyze the activity of medical entities of outsourcing in basic activities including laboratory diagnostics, imaging diagnostics and medical staff in 2018. The research material consisted of original questionnaires carried out in 2018 by electronic means in medical entities indicated in the National Register of Medicinal Entities. Outsourcing of laboratory diagnostics, diagnostic imaging and medical staff was investigated. The questions concerned the number of entities using outsourcing with indication of the type of services covered by outsourcing; reasons for outsourcing; advantages and disadvantages, including measuring the financial effectiveness of outsourcing; monitoring of the outsourcing partner. The study included 750 medicinal entities. Most – 72% of respondents declared using an external company in the field of laboratory diagnostics. The most common reason for the treatment entities to use outsourcing services was too high cost of maintaining their own employees, need to introduce financial savings and gaining access to the highest quality knowledge and technologies. One of the benefits of outsourcing obtained by healthcare entities is financial efficiency. The average value of the savings estimate estimated by the respondents was 15.56% with a standard deviation equal to 1.14. Medical entities evaluate external companies. The most frequent was monitoring of laboratory diagnostics (65% of responses), and the least frequently – medical personnel (27% of responses). There were two ways to conduct monitoring: informal internal control and formalized assessment based on the specificity of the service. Too high personnel costs are the reason for outsourcing if they are caused by employing people on the basis of an employment relationship. Financial savings are the leading effect of outsourcing. The most frequent monitoring of laboratory diagnostics services may be a consequence of detailed legal regulations.
The usefulness of flow cytometry method in pleocytosis estimation
in cerebrospinal fluid cells differentiation – preliminary results
Authors: Kraszula Łukasz , Eusebio Makandjou-Ola , Bartczak Kinga , Szyszka vel Syska Magdalena , Kobiela-Mednis Agnieszka , Kuna Piotr , Pietruczuk Mirosława
Published: February 2021

Evaluation of CSF pleocytosis is routinely determined by microscopic examination. To shorten TAT automated methods are used.
The aim of this study was to compare the automatic and microscopic methods in the evaluation of pleocytosis and the differentiation
of white blood cells in CSF.
Cerebrospinal fluid samples were collected from 89 patients. The examination was performed microscopically using the Fuchs-Rosenthal
chamber and flow cytometry.
There were no significant differences in group A (Pleocytosis <5 cells/μL) and B (Pleocytosis 5-600 cells/μL) in the WBC parameter. In
group B, a statistical difference was found in PMN and MN parameters between these two methods (p <0.01). Negative bias for the PMN
parameter and positive for the MN parameter were found in group B.
The results showed that the determination of cerebrospinal fluid pleocytosis by an automatic and microscopic methods are comparable.
Qualitative changes in white blood cells limited these differentiation by flow cytometry method, so microscopic examination is mandatory
The influence of eGFR calculation method on patients classification
to different CKD stage
Authors: Błazucka Urszula , Iwanowska Marzena , Bobilewicz Dagna
Published: February 2021

The aim of this study was to compare the performance of the MDRD and CKD – EPI equations for comparison between different stages
of chronic kidney disease (CKD).
Data were obtained from 4883 samples referred to the Central Laboratory for serum creatinine and based on serum creatinine estimated
eGFR. Serum creatinine was between 44 – 178 µmol/l (0.5 – 2.0 mg/dl).
The biggest difference between eGFR MDRD and CKD-EPI was noticed in G1 of CKD. Among men in higher eGFR in G2 and in G3a eGFR
did not differ significantly, only 1%. Difference of G1 of CKD – 28% CKD-EPI and 23% MDRD (4% – 5%) and in G3b – 15% CKD-EPI and
19% MDRD. Among women the biggest difference are mostly noticeable in G1 (19% vs 12%), in G2 (29% vs 28%) and G3a (21% vs 22%)
are only some slight differences. In other groups the results were comparable.
Use of MDRD or CKD-EPI equation does not influence much classifying of patients to certain CKD stage but give us possibility to take
first prevention step.
Myelodysplastic syndromes – current diagnostics
Authors: Celuch Beata , Urbanowicz Iwona , Nowicka Jadwiga , Nahaczewska Wiesława , Bil-Lula Iwona
Published: February 2021

Myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) are a heterogeneous group of hematopoietic neoplastic diseases characterized by inefficient hematopoiesis, resistant peripheral cytopenias and an increased risk of transformation to acute myeloid leukemia. They may exist as primary forms, which most often are accompanied by molecular and cytogenetic changes or secondary forms, among others after chemotherapy or other cancers. MDS diagnostics are multi-stage and time-consuming. Includes multidirectional examination of peripheral blood and bone marrow for cytomorphology, cytogenetics, molecular disorders, immunohistopatology and immunophenotyping. The evolution of molecular changes in the course of MDS makes the clinical picture and laboratory parameters change over time, which requires constant updating of medical knowledge and high competences from cytomorphologists and histopathologists. The development of hematooncological diagnostics resulted in updating the MDS classification in 2016. The aging population will undoubtedly increase the incidence of myelodysplastic syndromes, which will be one of the most demanding diagnostic and clinical problems for haematologists and laboratory diagnostics in the near future.
Candida auris – susceptibility to antifungals and treatment recommendations
Authors: Sulik-Tyszka Beata , Nawrot Urszula , Saran Olga , Wróblewska Marta
Published: February 2021

Yeast-like fungi of the genus Candida, most often C. albicans, are usually a part of the physiological microflora of humans, however in immunocompromised individuals may cause invasive infections. At present species other than C. albicans are increasingly reported, but therapy of these infections is difficult because these fungi are more resistant to antifungals. Candida auris is a newly described species of yeast-like fungi of the genus Candida, causing infections in hospitalised patients – predominantly fungaemias, sometimes with severe course. This form of infection is linked to a high mortality of patients – from 30 to 72%. This species has also the ability of epidemic spread in healthcare facilities. Treatment of infections caused by C. auris poses a therapeutic challenge, as almost all strains of this species are resistant to fluconazole. It may also be linked to cross-resistance to other azoles. Importantly, many isolates of C. auris are resistant to amphotericin B, and strains resistant to echinocandins (which are at present recommended as first line therapy of these infections) have also been described. Currently there are no recommendations as to the combined therapy of infections of this etiology. New antifungal agents potentially active against C. auris are under development.
Is preoperative level of insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1)
connected with immunohistochemical phenotype
of pituitary adenoma in patients with acromegaly?
Authors: Toszek Joanna , Pawlikowski Marek , Janowska Maria , Wojtczak Ewa , Beda-Maluga Karolina , Świętosławski Jacek , Winczyk Katarzyna
Published: February 2021

Background: Preoperative biochemical diagnosis of acromegaly is based on the determination of the serum levels of insulin-like
growth factor 1 (IGF-1) and growth hormone (GH) in the oral glucose tolerance test. In turn, although assumptions concerning the
tumour hormonal phenotype may be made on the basis of biochemical tests, the final determination of the exact adenoma profile
is possible only on the basis of postoperative immunohistochemical evaluation. Due to the high importance of both – preoperative
determination of the concentration of IGF-1 and postoperative immunohistochemical examination of pituitary tumour, the aim of this
study was to compare these parameters.
Material and methods: The study group consisted of 21 patients with acromegaly and 15 with clinically nonfunctioning pituitary
adenoma (CNFPA). In all the patients IGF-1 and prolactin (PRL) concentrations in serum were measured by enzyme–amplified chemiluminescent immunoassay. The immunohistochemical diagnose of the adenoma was achieved with the primary antibodies against the
pituitary hormones, the α-subunit and Ki-67 – proliferation indicator.
Results: In patients with acromegaly immunohistochemistry besides monohormonal tumours – “pure” somatotropinoma, also somatoprolactinoma and adenoma plurihormonale have revealed. The mean concentrations of IGF-1 were 702, 1480 and 915 ng/mL respectively
in each of these groups. In most cases the proliferation index Ki-67 was less than one. In patients with CNFPA, the IGF-1 levels were
mostly in reference values and almost in half of cases the Ki–67 value was above one.
Conclusions: There are statistically significant differences between preoperative serum IGF-1 concentrations in the somatoprolactinoma
group and other adenoma phenotypes in acromegaly patients. This result may suggest the possible link between additional prolactin
component with very high concentration of IGF-1 in patients with acromegaly.
The assessment of microbiological diagnostics’ credibility in Poland on the basis of the POLMICRO 2018 Programme results
Authors: Młodzińska Ewa , Bosacka Karolina , Mikołajczyk Anna , Rybicka Joanna , Hryniewicz Waleria
Published: February 2021

POLMICRO programme – the Polish National External Quality Assessment Scheme in Microbiology is organized by the Centre of Quality Control in Microbiology (CQCM). The aim of the POLMICRO 2018 Programme was to evaluate proficiency of laboratories in the interpretation of Gram slides, identification of microorganisms, determination of susceptibility to antibiotics, detection of resistance mechanisms like ESBL, MBL, KPC, PRP or resistance of staphylococci to methicillin. Bacterial isolates distributed within the Programme differed in their susceptibility to antibiotics and the presence of various resistance mechanisms. The paper presents the results of the XXV edition – POLMICRO 2018.
Diagnosis of Graves’ disease – laboratory tests and possible difficulties in interpretation
Authors: Kalicka Agata Maria
Published: February 2021

Graves’ disease is an autoimmune disorder and the most common cause of hyperthyroidism in areas with sufficient iodine intake. Laboratory diagnosis of thyroid function disorders is based on the performance of tests assessing the thyroid hormone activity, and thus the concentration of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), free thyroxine (fT4), free triiodothyronine (fT3). In order to confirm diagnosis of Graves’ disease, it is necessary to obtain the positive titre of TSH receptor antibodies (TRAb). Despite the continuous improvement of available assay methods, there are still situations causing difficulties in interpretation. Abnormal structure of the TSH molecule, heterophile antibodies, drugs or systemic diseases affect the concentrations of the hormones. In the following review article the above-mentioned parameters as well as limitations and difficulties of interpretation offered by Graves’ disease diagnostics was discussed.
Interpersonal communication in laboratory diagnostician profession
Authors: Kapczuk Patrycja , Gardziejewska Monika , Grzeszczak Konrad
Published: February 2021

Interpersonal communication skills are an indispensable tool in the diagnostic and therapeutic process. The communication is divided
into verbal and non-verbal, both those forms are complementary to each other, creating a completely legible message of information.
The aim of the work was to show the theoretical basis of the importance of interpersonal communication in the profession of a laboratory diagnostician. Effective communication is best seen between the doctor and the patient who, through indirect or direct contact,
act together in the diagnostic and therapeutic procedure. However, there is no data on interpersonal communication in the relations
of a laboratory diagnostician with a patient and other medical professions. Therefore, it can be concluded from this work that efficient
communication of information in health care is an indispensable tool in achieving therapeutic successes. The better communication
between medical professions, the faster targeted treatment can be implemented.
dr n. med. Jolanta Kaufmann
28.12.1970 r. – 15.10.2018 r.
Wspomnienie
Authors: Mertas Anna
Published: February 2021

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The frequency of Enterobius vermicularis infection in children
from Wielkopolska Voivodeship
Authors: Siekierska Marta , Kot Karolina , Łanocha-Arendarczyk Natalia , Kosik-Bogacka Danuta
Published: February 2021

Enterobius vermicularis is a cosmopolitan parasite of large intestine. Enterobius vermicularis infection is found mostly in closed human communities such as kindergartens, nurseries and orphanages. The aim of the study was to evaluate the frequency of E. vermicularis in preschool children from Wielkopolska Voivodeship. In addition, the aim was to determine the relationships between the gender of
children, place of residence and the occurrence of enterobiasis and to define the most common symptoms of enterobiasis in infected
children. There were 145 children (84 girls and 61 boys) aged 3-6 who attended kindergartens in Wielkopolskie voivodeship. Swabs
from the anus area was used according to Graham’s method. The frequency of E. vermicularis infection in the studied children was 7.6%.
There were no relationships between the gender of participants as well as the place of residence and the frequency of E. vermicularis
infection. There was no relationship between the occurrence of symptoms of enterobiasis and E. vermicularis infection. The examination
showed that the half of studied children infected with E. vermicularis had no symptoms of infection. Enterobiasis is the most common
parasitosis in preschool and early childhood children. The prevalence of enterobiasis in humans is correlated with socio-environmental
factors. On the basis of the presented study, it was found that in order to control the E. vermicularis infection, it would be necessary
to regularly educate parents about the risks of parasitic diseases and to teach children the principles of hygiene from a young age.
The analysis of the soluble urokinase plasminogen activator receptor (suPAR) concentrations in the patients with dental restorations
Authors: Mastalerz Rafał , Paradowski Marek , Rychlik Urszula , Nikodem Wlazeł Rafał
Published: February 2021

The only method to restore missing teeth, refunded by the Polish National Health Found, is acrylic partial denture, which is often the cause of prosthetic stomatopathy, that affects both the dentition and the mucous membrane. The soluble urokinase plasminogen activator receptor (suPAR) was used to assess this type of chronic inflammatory response, which is also a factor that accelerates the development of atherosclerosis and its clinical outcomes. Comparative analysis of suPAR concentrations (ELISA suPARNostic, Virogates) was performed in group of people using acrylic dentures for up to 5 years in relation to the group of people using them longer and against the group of the people who do not use prostheses, also in relation to other laboratory parameters related to inflammatory response. The results of the study conducted in the total group of 117 people, of which 77 were using acrylic dentures, showed that in patients who used them longer (> 5years), greater intensity of changes in the oral cavity and higher suPAR levels (Me=3.95 ng/mL) were observed, in comparison to patients who do not use prostheses (Me=3.12 ng/mL), as well as patients who used them less than 5 years (Me=3.43 ng/mL); p = 0.00002. The concentration of suPAR significantly positively correlated with the concentration of LDL cholesterol, triglycerides, C-reactive protein and the number of white blood cells and neutrophils in the studied population (R>0.2; p<0.05), and was significantly higher in smokers (3.84 vs 3.24 ng/mL, p=0.04). No other laboratory marker of inflammatory response showed similar discriminatory properties. The demonstrated increases in suPAR concentrations were associated with existing local inflammation in patients using acrylic dentures. More intense inflammatory process occurred in patients using prostheses over 5 years and who have pathological changes in the oral cavity.
MALDI TOF MS – new possibilities in routine microbiological diagnostics
Authors: Cieślik Justyna , Wróblewska Marta
Published: February 2021

One of the problems of modern medicine is diagnosis, treatment and prophylaxis of infections caused by multidrug-resistant strains of bacteria. Fast and correct identification of these pathogens is of utmost importance, as it enables early implementation of effective therapy. Therefore, rapid, modern and affordable methods are of outstanding value as they make it possible to conduct a reliable analysis in a very short period of time. One of such techniques is matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS), which in recent years is increasingly used in clinical microbiological laboratories. This method enables cheap, fast and reliable identification of microorganisms based on their protein profiles. At present the possibilities of use of MALDI-TOF MS method become more broad, e.g. for identification of microorganisms directly in positive blood culture samples, typing of bacterial strains in epidemiological investigation of an outbreak as well as detection of multidrug-resistant strains, including producers of carbapenemases.
VEGF family factors and their receptors in the diagnostics of breast cancer
Authors: Zajkowska Monika , Szmitkowski Maciej , Ławicki Sławomir , Lubowicka Emilia
Published: February 2021

Breast cancer since many years is the most widespread cancer in women and one of the most common causes of their death related to malignancies. Currently in breast cancer diagnosis, the most popular screening test is mammography. However, this is not a sufficiently sensitive method, therefore, other diagnostic tests are performed to detect new cancer markers. In the case of breast cancer, the currently accepted marker is CA 15-3. However, it does not show sufficiently high diagnostic sensitivity, does not accelerate the diagnostic process, which simultaneously contributes to the delayed diagnosis of cancer in more advanced stages, shortening of survival and quality of life for patients. Therefore, new diagnostic markers are being sought, which could be for example VEGF family factors and their receptors, to detect cancer lesions at the earliest possible stage of breast cancer implantation.
Quality management systems in the medical entities
Authors: Pintal-Ślimak Monika , Pietruczuk Mirosława , Eusebio Makandjou-Ola
Published: February 2021

The aim of this study is to present the most important issues related to the functioning of the quality management system. The article
presents an approach to quality management as one of the ways to oversee the functioning and development of a healthcare
organization. The basic principles of each quality management system and the benefits resulting from their introduction in relation
to healthcare entities are presented. Quality management systems, such as accreditation in healthcare and certification in compliance
with ISO standards are discussed.
Role and advantage of cystatin C in kidney function monitoring during retroviral therapy
Authors: Warwas Maria , Juszczyńska Katarzyna , Mulewicz Ewa , Gburek Jakub
Published: February 2021

The aim of the study is to evaluate the utility of cystatin C (Cys C) determination in monitoring of HIV seropositive patients, based on recent literature concerning clinical investigation. Determination of serum CysC concentration can be helpful in monitoring the kidney function and eGFR (estimated GFR) calculation, however infection and inflammation markers influence should be included. A risk assessment of the appearance of cardiovascular incidents and risks of the all-cause mortality can be the other application for this parameter. The urinary CysC concentration can serve as the diagnostic marker of kidney tubular injuries triggered with adverse effects of antiretroviral drugs eg. tenofovir. In order to introduce applications into the routine clinical practice, further research is essential. Research concerning antiviral activity of cystatin C suggest, that CysC suppresses the viral replication due to inhibition of HIV protease, but in some cases its inhibitory effect on cathepsin B may be harmful and cause progression of the infection. In order that CysC could effectively use in the future, further experiments are needed to evaluate its effect on all sort virus strains, both dependent and independent of CD4+ T-lymphocytes, strains of the HIV virus.
Free light chains and heavy/light chains pairs assay in diagnostics of multiple myeloma and other diseases related to plasmatic cells dyscrasias
Authors: Kudyba Ewelina , Wróbel Tomasz
Published: February 2021

Plasma cell neoplasms constitute a large group of diseases characterized by uncontrolled proliferation of a single clone of plasmocytes and production of monoclonal protein which may be present in patient’s serum in the form of intact immunoglobulins, free light immunoglobulin chains, or both of these molecules simultaneously. In addition to the methods commonly used for years for the determination of the protein such as protein electrophoresis or immunofixation, clinical standards in the last decade included the test for determining the concentration of κ and λ free light chains in serum. The test profile mentioned above has been complemented by a new method for identifying and determining the concentration of immunoglobulins with the possibility of recognizing the binding between pairs of heavy chains γ, α, μ and κ or λ light chains of immunoglobulins. It gives the opportunity to differentiate separately Ig’κ and Ig’λ molecules in each immunoglobulin class. Quantification of these sensitive and specific markers is used for the early diagnosis of the disease and it also provides the ability to accurately monitor the treatment, evaluate minimal residual disease and detect early the recurrence of monoclonal gammopathy like multiple myeloma.
Elimination of bilirubin interference on determination of serum N-acetyl-β-hexosaminidase activity
Authors: Chojnowska Sylwia , Zwierz Krzysztof , Kępka Alina , Dariusz Szajda Sławomir , Waszkiewicz Napoleon
Published: February 2021

Aim: Elimination interference of bilirubin on determination serum N-acetyl-β-hexosaminidase (HEX) activity.

Material and Methods: We determined HEX activity in sera without and with exogenous bilirubin (4.3 mg/dL) using unmodified and modified method. Modification consists in subtraction absorbance of reaction mixture without substrate, from absorbance of reaction mixture incubated with substrate.

Results: HEX activity (nKat/L) amounted: 179.7±74.6 without and 291.4±77.9 with exogenous bilirubin (standard method); 160.5±69.7 without and 164.9±76.8 with exogenous bilirubin (modified method). Correlation coefficient between results of HEX determination in serum without bilirubin and with exogenous bilirubin, obtained with modified method was 0.997.

Conclusion: Exogenous bilirubin (4.3 mg/dL) significantly overestimates (p ≤0.001) HEX activity in blood serum determined by the standard method. Proposed modification eliminates interference of bilirubin on determination of HEX activity in blood serum.
The comparison of Architect SCC and cobas SCC tests
Authors: Wójcik Ewa , Reinfuss Krzysztof , Stasik Zofia , Rychlik Urszula , Tarapacz Jadwiga , Kulpa Jan K.
Published: February 2021

ntroduction: Squamous cell carcinoma antigen isolated by Kato and Torigoe in 1977, belonging to the serine and cysteine proteases inhibitors has been recognized as the marker of choice for the cervical cancer. However, high SCC expression has been also found in others neoplasms such as non-small cell lung cancer and head and neck carcinoma.
Material and Methods: For many years, for serum SCC-Ag determination the chemiluminescent microparticle immunoassay with the reference standard from Abbott Diagnostics has been used. Recently, also the electrochemiluminescence immunoassay produced by Roche Diagnostics is applied. This method has been standardized against the ARCHITECT SCC assay from Abbott Diagnostics.
Results: Significant correlations between the results of both analyzed tests were shown. The concentration of squamous cell antigen was tested using the ARCHITRCT SCC and COBAS SCC test in 109 patients with cervical cancer. The comparative analyses have revealed the higher COBAS SCC results in comparison with the ARCHITECT SCC assay across the all concentration range. The results obtained with the new COBAS SCC test were significantly higher than the previously used ARCHITECT SCC test.
Comments: The significant differences between SCC-Ag concentration of COBAS SCC and ARCHITECT SCC may be due to the different SCCA1 and SCCA2 properties of monoclonal antibodies.
Sarcomas and malignant mixed mesodermal tumours of the uterus
– Diagnosis and prognostic significance of selected morphological parameters
Authors: Ryś Janusz , Harazin-Lechowska Agnieszka , Kruczak Anna , Knapczyk Katarzyna , Vogelgesang Maria , Mularz Katarzyna , Rozmus-Piętoń Magdalena , Stalmach Agnieszka , Król Marta , Świątkiewicz Iwona , Ambicka Aleksandra , Majchrzak Paweł , Halaszka Krzysztof , Przewoźnik Marcin , Wilk Wacław , Moskal Julia , Wysocka Joanna , Karolewski Kazimierz , Blecharz Paweł , Wysocki Wojciech
Published: February 2021

Sarcomas and malignant mixed mesodermal tumours of the uterus (MMMT), also called carcinosarcomas, belong to rare uterine ne- oplasms usually characterised by very aggressive clinical behaviour. Due to their low incidence, unknown etiology as well as complex molecular characteristics, until now neither prognostic factors responsible for unfavourable prognosis nor optimal treatment methods have been definitely established. This study attempts to determine prognostic significance of selected morphological parameters. Based on the analysis of primary uterine neoplasms in 43 women (including 30 sarcomas and 13 MMMT) it was shown that prognosis is dependent on the histological type of the neoplasm. The worst prognosis was observed in patients with carcinosarcomas and high- grade endometrial stromal sarcomas. Additionally, it was demonstrated that both aforementioned neoplasms occur in significantly older age groups.
Candida auris – epidemiology and laboratory diagnostics of infections
Authors: Wróblewska Marta , Sulik-Tyszka Beata
Published: February 2021

Human infections caused by a new species of a yeast-like fungus of the genus Candida – C. auris – have been described in recent years worldwide. In a short period of time it has spread in several countries on 5 continents. C. auris – in contrast to other Candida species – shows a significant epidemic potential, spreading easily among hospitalised patients. It causes invasive infections with a relatively severe clinical course and high mortality (30 – 72%).
Emergence of C. auris poses a serious challenge for laboratory diagnosticians, as this species is usually misidentified or not identified by microbial identification systems commonly used in clinical diagnostic laboratories in Poland and worldwide. At present it is emphasised that a proper identification of C. auris may be obtained only by mass spectrometry or molecular techniques. Laboratory diagnosticians must therefore be aware of this new threat, as improper identification of C. auris may cause a delay in administration of an effective antifungal therapy as well as to the spread of this pathogen within the medical facility due to the lack of implementation of the patient’s isolation (colonised or infected) and other infection control procedures.
Factors associated with erythrocyte count and hemoglobin concentration
in men and women with type 2 diabetes
Authors: Koper-Lenkiewicz Olga Martyna , Kamińska Joanna , Wilińska Ewelina , Milewska Anna , Lewoniewska Sylwia , Tomaszewska Justyna , Zińczuk Justyna , Dymicka-Piekarska Violetta , Matowicka-Karna Joanna
Published: February 2021

Introduction: The risk of developing anemia in diabetic patients is nearly 3-times higher than in non-diabetic patients.
Aim: The aim was to assess factors that may affect both the erythrocyte count (RBC) and hemoglobin concentration (HGB) in type 2
diabetes patients.
Material and methods: In type 2 diabetes patients (N = 80) and in control subjects with normal carbohydrate metabolism (N = 40) RBC
and HGB were determined in whole blood collected in the EDTA-K3 tube.
Results: The degree of metabolic compensation of diabetes, measured by the percentage of HbA1c, did not significantly affect RBC
and HGB. In diabetic women, unlike men, there was no relationship between RBC and HGB and kidney function, measured with eGFR.
Angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers did not significantly affect RBC and HGB in these patients.
Multivariate linear regression analysis showed that in type 2 diabetes women variables that affect the RBC included: systolic BP, arrhythmias,
taking fibrates. In the multivariate linear regression model variables that influence the HGB in type 2 diabetes women included
systolic BP and fibrate treatment. In type 2 diabetes men a statistically significant model of multivariate linear regression for RBC was
not obtained. In the multivariate linear regression model the variables that influence the HGB in type 2 diabetes men included: white
blood cell count, age, obesity, and taking statins.
Conclusions: In women with type 2 diabetes, the RBC is influenced by other factors (systolic BP, cardiac arrhythmias, fibrates and calcium
antagonists) than in men (obesity and the use of oral antidiabetic agents). In type 2 diabetes women also other factors influence HGB
(systolic BP, cardiac arrhythmias presence, fibrates, calcium antagonists and ACE inhibitors) than in type 2 diabetes men (hypertension,
obesity, leukocyte count, age, proton pump inhibitors and statins medication).
Particole de suflet
Authors: Gojgar Mihai
Published: February 2021

Daca veti parcurge alte precuvantari, veti observa ca autorii isi justifica demersul literar printr-o traire, inspiratie, cautare. In cazul meu, volumul apare ca un raspuns la solicitarea unor enoriasi care m-au intrebat de ce nu adun la un loc toate editorialele aparute in revista Dimitrios, avand in vedere ca articolele din anii trecuti din bilunarul parohial nu se regasesc undeva anume. Asa ca am pus impreuna primele 100 de texte, publicate intre 2012 si 2016 si le infatisez inaintea dumneavoastra cu invitatia de a le parcurge deodata cu istoria noastra recenta. Ele nu descriu sau interpreteaza exclusiv motive evanghelice sau liturgice, ci se imbratiseaza cu trairile, eforturile, esecurile si realizarile comunitatii Bisericii „Sfantul Dumitru-Posta”, Paraclis Universitar. Asa se explica si dinamica textelor si chiar a stilului. Schimbarile din noi se regasesc in cuvintele pe care le invesnicim in scris. Nu am primenit fundamental textele fata de felul in care s-au ivit intaia oara; notele de subsol si cizelarea frazelor, ici si colo, au ramas singurele interventii. Am preferat primatul cronologiei si naturaletea cresterii in timp, abandonul sistematizarii si evitarea modificarilor sugerate de trecerea anilor.(...)
Despre minciuna. Ratiuni sociale, psihanalitice, spirituale, etice, criminologic-judiciare
Authors: Les Alin
Published: February 2021

Faptul ca am ales sa scriu despre minciuna nu este aleator. Scriu despre minciuna pentru ca vreau sa contribui la o viata mai buna pentru semenii mei. Stiu ca daca nu reusesti sa o identifici, iti va fi dificil sa o probezi. Este important sa traiesti cat mai curat, dar si sa fi trecut prin perioade in care ai mintit. Minciuna nu poate fi inteleasa de la un amfiteatru virtual de unde se dau lectii de morala si etica. Dar o minciuna morala poate fi inteleasa daca intelegi ca minciuna este una dintre fantomele din creier („Fantomele din creier” este una din cartile lui V.S. Ramachandran scrisa impreuna cu Sandra Blakeslee). Adica una din realitatile construite pe baza unor emotii, in sensul in care „creierul meu a construit experienta emotiei” (Feldman Barrett,2017, p. 15).
Managementul ecosistemelor forestiere cu plop tremurator si mesteacan. Oportunitati de valorizare
Authors: Bratu Iulian Alexandru
Published: February 2021

Lucrarea de fata abordeaza tema utilizarii superioare a statiunii forestiere prin prisma prelucrarii industriale a lemnului din speciile de plop tremurator si mesteacan, considerate specii invazive, aflate in concurenta pentru resurse cu speciile de baza, cercetând posibilitatea prelucrarii in furnire tehnice. Ulterior stabilirii parametrilor pentru obtinerea furnirelor prin derulare centrica, lucrarea se apleaca asupra masurilor silviculturale necesare in vederea imbunatatirii calitative a lemnului speciilor studiate. Lucrarea se doreste a fi un imbold, un stimul pentru cei care au nobila misiune de a se ingriji de padure, de a modela ecosistemele forestiere.
Caracterização das feições geológicas de cavidades naturais subterrâneas em diferentes contextos litológicos no Brasil
Authors: Massuqueto Laís Luana , Fernandes Luiz Alberto , Pontes Henrique Simão
Published: February 2021

Este artigo apresenta um inventário de feições geológicas passíveis de serem encontradas em cavernas brasileiras, desenvolvidas em rochas carbonáticas, siliciclásticas, ferríferas e graníticas. Um diagnóstico realizado e avaliado pela comunidade científica especializada em geodiversidade de ambientes subterrâneos (através de questionário semiaberto) permitiu identificar 23 geoformas de cavernas desenvolvidas nos diferentes litotipos. Além disso, o reconhecimento de frequência de ocorrência das feições (raridade ou regularidade), do nível de conhecimento da comunidade científica e as formações rochosas que apresentam maior registro de pesquisas, permitiram discussões qualitativas, com base nos dados quantitativos gerados pelas entrevistas. A pesquisa discutiu aspectos da relevância de cavernas e debate com os tópicos que tratam sobre a geodiversidade subterrânea, confrontando com a legislação espeleológica. O diagnóstico gerado contribui com o conhecimento científico nesta área e pode auxiliar na revisão de políticas públicas, na elaboração de protocolos para estudos de licenciamento espeleológico e medidas de geoconservação de cavernas.
Mapeamento e Geovisualização da “História da Guerra do Peloponeso” de Tucídides
Authors: Nascimento Kênio Barros de Ávila , Laudares Sandro , Libório Matheus Pereira
Published: February 2021

O livro “História da Guerra do Peloponeso”, escrito pelo estratego grego Tucídides no século V a.C., relata boa parte da guerra fratricida entre Atenas e Esparta, que durou 27 anos. Contudo, ao leitor contemporâneo, algumas passagens desta obra não podem ser compreendidas sem ajuda de mapas e datas. Para minimizar esse problema, e aproximar o leitor contemporâneo das ideias do escritor, esta pesquisa se propõe a elaborar um guia digital do livro da “História da Guerra do Peloponeso” de Tucídides. Para alcançar esse objetivo foram produzidos mapas conceituais e mapas interativos que foram reunidos e disponibilizados na Internet. A partir desse guia digital pretende-se atrair a atenção do leitor contemporâneo para uma obra escrita há mais de 2.400 anos, contribuindo para que consigam apreciar, entender e tirar lições dos ocorridos na guerra.
O zoneamento ambiental enquanto instrumento para o planejamento e gestão territorial
Authors: Rosa Rafael Mendes , Ferreira Vanderlei de Oliveira
Published: February 2021

O zoneamento ambiental foi definido pela Lei nº 6.938, de 31 de agosto de 1981 (BRASIL, 1981) como um dos instrumentos da Política Nacional do Meio Ambiente, porém sua regulamentação ocorreu apenas com o Decreto nº 4.297, de 10 de julho de 2002 (BRASIL, 2002). Para a elaboração de um zoneamento ambiental, esse Decreto determina a integração entre componentes da natureza para o estabelecimento de indicadores como a vulnerabilidade natural à perda de solos e a situação das áreas legalmente protegidas. Nesse contexto, o presente artigo possui o intuito de apresentar uma proposta de zoneamento ambiental para o município de Araguari, localizado no estado de Minas Gerais, para contribuir com um instrumento de tomada de decisão a ser utilizado pelos órgãos responsáveis. Dessa forma, a proposta definiu duas zonas a partir de critérios ecológicos, econômicos e legais. Ambas foram subdivididas em áreas, sendo a zona de conservação ou recuperação compartimentada em áreas para preservação e para recuperação e a zona de atividades produtivas dividida em grupos de uso da terra em diferentes graus de vulnerabilidade natural à perda de solos, conforme metodologia de Crepani et al. (2001). Diante do exposto, considera-se que o presente trabalho pode contribuir como um instrumento de planejamento e gestão territorial para o referido município e também para o aperfeiçoamento metodológico da temática.
Hipóteses, observação e insights na evolução do conhecimento geomorfológico: a importancia do trabalho de campo
Authors: Salgado André Augusto Rodrigues , Salgado Lívia Perry Rodrigues
Published: February 2021

Um debate importante no âmbito da Filosofia da Ciência é aquele que discute como a Ciência avança e qual a importância da observação nesse processo: (1) para alguns a observação da natureza em casos particulares permite reconhecer padrões, e por meio destes é possível se realizar generalizações e obter avanço no conhecimento; (2) para os outros, o progresso se dá através da formulação quase aleatória de hipóteses que seriam testadas empiricamente. Este debate é importante para a Geomorfologia, pois permite verificar o papel e a importância do trabalho de campo na pesquisa geomorfológica. O tema foi abordado com base na análise do desenvolvimento e desdobramentos de duas pesquisas conduzidas pelo primeiro autor deste texto. Os resultados obtidos demonstram que a Geomorfologia progride através das duas formas e que ambas, na prática da pesquisa, se confundem. Paralelamente concluiu que, embora o teste de hipóteses seja o caminho mais comum, os insights oriundos da observação direta da natureza possibilitam descobertas inovadoras. Por fim, as análises realizadas permitem concluir que o trabalho de campo ainda é essencial na pesquisa em Geomorfologia.
Características do solo na APA Carste de Lagoa Santa (MG) e seu papel na infiltração de potenciais contaminantes
Authors: Souza Rogério Tadeu de , Sampaio Jarbas Lima Dias
Published: February 2021

Os solos podem ser conceituados de acordo com o ramo da ciência que o estuda. Entretanto, é ponto comum o fato de que é formado sob influência do clima, organismos, material de origem, relevo e tempo e o fato de recobrirem as rochas, mantendo a vida animal e vegetal na biosfera. Em muitos casos, o material de origem ou rocha matriz é fator de formação de maior importância. No entanto, quando se trata de solos sobre o carste, sua formação ainda é motivo de controvérsias. No caso dos solos da APA Carste de Lagoa Santa, percebe-se que são solos profundos, de estrutura granular e ultra fina granular. Também se apresentam em blocos cuja relação sólido-vazios é bem diferenciada dos solos de influência direta dos carbonatos. Na região, em geral, possuem pH majoritariamente ácido que, aliados à dominância da caulinita e oxi-hidróxidos de ferro e alumínio na mineralização da fração argila, proporcionam taxas de infiltração da ordem de 10-3 a 10-5 cm.s-1 , fato que pode levar a um risco adverso muito maior às águas subterrâneas. Assim sendo, é objetivo desta pesquisa a discussão desses pontos.