bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Environmentally friendly construction as a tool for ensuring the quality of construction products
Authors: Kochurina Ekaterina , Topchiy Dmitry , Matyukhina Marina , Zelentsov Alexandr
Published: August 2019

In order for construction works in Russia to be carried out in the construction of objects and objects already built to be competitive on the world market, when implementing projects, it is necessary to take into account the requirements of not only the regulatory and technical documents governing construction and installation works in Russia, but also take into account the requirements of environmental standards imposed by certification systems such as LEED and BREEAM. At this stage of development of the domestic construction industry, there is no regulatory and technical framework governing the implementation of environmental standards on a mandatory basis. The construction market in Russia is highly competitive. When choosing a contractor, customers are guided by the shortest possible turnaround time and minimum cost. Often these two conditions are achieved by minimizing the costs of contractor’s resources for work that are not provided for by the regulatory and technical base of the Russian Federation as mandatory. In order for the domestic construction industry to reach the World level, it is necessary to introduce foreign environmental certification systems that allow increasing the level of comfort for citizens.
Sustainable model for the implementation of a green building project
Authors: Luchkina Veronika
Published: August 2019

The problem of today is a complex study of the multicomponent geotechnical system of large green building projects. The essence of the green building project is to introduce a set of technologies to improve the construction process and minimize future costs. A comprehensive implementation of energy-efficient technologies considered by the author allows obtaining an overall reduction in heat consumption from 30% to 70%, depending on the list of measures and selected technical solutions, as well as on the initial technical condition of the house. Based on these calculations, during the period under consideration, the NPV indicator is positive, and as a result, the proposed project pays off. The payback period of the Energy Efficient Home project is within 10,29 years, and the project is quite efficient. Taking into account the research data, it is planned to develop an algorithm for assessing the geomonitoring of environmental impacts in the development of green building projects.
Energy audit and energy efficiency of modular military towns
Authors: Gamayunova Olga , Radaev Anton , Petrichenko Mikhail , Shushunova Natalia
Published: August 2019

The Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation continues to actively modernize military towns: the bet is placed on prefabricated modular buildings. Such buildings comply with the basic requirement for military installations - mobility. The article presents examples of existing modular military towns, as well as the results of a thermal survey of fencing structures of a modular building to accommodate military personnel.
Formation of professional and communicative skills in the study of foreign languages in maritime specialties
Authors: Kruchina Olga , Mikhaylova Alla
Published: August 2019

The paper focuses on the perspectives of new pedagogical technologies of future specialists’ professional and communicative skills formation in order to improve the quality of occupational training. Developed technologies of professional and communicative skills formation, including acmeological approach during the process of foreign language learning, are presented. It is necessary to take into consideration the category of maturity as an integral characteristic of the education results. That’s why acmeological approach for effective development of students’ professional communicative skills was proposed in this research. Analysis of the formative experiment results and systematic observation of educational activities of students proved the effectiveness of using acmeological approach. The authors made the conclusion that consistent and purposeful implementation of the proposed approach to the problem solution in the educational process of the university ensures the formation of professional and communicative skills of future specialists of maritime specialties.
Decomposition of industry structural shifts and reconstruction research based on share analysis
Authors: Vertakova Yulia , Klevtsova Maria , Rushkova Anna
Published: August 2019

The current stage of economic development is characterized by the need to adjust the structural proportions of the development of individual industries. Particular attention should be paid to priority sectors, in particular, industries in the manufacturing sector, the ones changing the development trajectory from the raw material concept to the innovation model. The research also highlighted high-income and low-income activities, as well as the industry differentiation in terms of the level of concentration and labour resources, the dynamics of changes in structural proportions was investigated. The goal of the article is to decompose structural changes in sectors of the economy in certain regions of the Russian Federation by elements of employment, output and residual component. On the basis of a modified structural share analysis, decomposition of the structural elements of economic development was carried out on the basis of an analysis of structural proportions. As a result, the authors determined the relationship between economic growth and structural shifts for individual components. Approbation of the research conducted on the example of the regions of the Russian Federation. The calculation of shifts in the industry due to changes in the share of employment by type of activity and due to changes in the structure of output has been carried out. A mapping of changes in the structural proportions of the regional economy was also carried out, and changes in the structural proportions in individual sectors of the industrial and non-industrial sectors were analyzed on the basis of selected components.
Tools for building environmental culture in Russian companies
Authors: Rasskazova Olga , Alexandrov Igor , Burmistrov Andrey , Siniavina Maria
Published: August 2019

Environmentally responsible behavior of modern companies allows them to reduce the negative impact on the environment, as well as contributes to its competitiveness, sustainable development, formation of internal and external positive image. In this paper, we looked into the key concepts of environmental management of personnel, in particular, environmental thinking, environmental behavior, environmental culture, and reflected on interconnection of these concepts. We have offered tools for developing an environmental culture among the staff of a Russian company, which will enable them to achieve their environmental goals, as well as to use economic thinking and behavior in the daily life of their employees. The environmental culture allows people to form a respectful attitude to-wards nature as a prerequisite for their survival, awareness of the priority of global environmental interests and, at the same time, personal responsibility of each individual.
Evaluating the effectiveness of housing and utility services of the Tomsk region, Russia
Authors: Trush Evgenia , Filyushina Kristina , Ustinova Maria , Egorova Olga , Grigashkina Svetlana
Published: August 2019

In modern conditions, requirements to the quality of housing and communal services are increasing, since this area of life is socially significant. Unsolved problems in the housing and utilities sector indicate a crisis in the housing sector. This study is aimed at the problem of using communal services, creating an effective economic and managerial model that takes into account the diversity of existing tools.
Sustainable development and environmental security in the countries of the circumpolar north
Authors: Skripnuk Djamilia , Kikkas Kseniia , Romashkina Ekaterina
Published: August 2019

The article presents a comparative analysis of the sustainable development of eight circumpolar countries: Norway, Sweden, Finland, Russia, the USA, Canada, Denmark, and Iceland. Sustainability is understood as the interdependent development of five spheres of human activity: economic, industrial, social, demographic, innovative-technological, and ecological. Each sphere is assessed in terms of endogenous variables that are influenced by exogenous factors. The demographic sphere is evaluated by population; the social – by the human development index (HDI); economic-industrial – GDP per capita (PPP); environmental – extent of exposure of the population to particulate matter in the atmosphere having a diameter of 2.5 μm; innovative-technological – by high-tech exports. The novelty lies in the analysis of the sustainable development of the respective countries using ADL-modelling. Five interdependent econometric equations are presented along with a method for calculating coefficients. The concept of economic, social and environmental sustainability coefficients is introduced. Each country’s sustainability index was calculated as the geometric mean index of economic, social and environmental sustainability. The results of a comparison of the circumpolar countries according to the sustainable development index are presented. The model can predict the development of each sphere of the respective country’s life-sustaining functions and determine the predicted values of the country’s sustainable development index, as well as to compare the development of countries on sustainable development and environmental safety.
Evaluation of financial stability of Russian companies
Authors: Shaidullin Ravil , Bulatova Elvira , Kurmanova Liliya , Khabibullin Rinat , Zhuzhoma Julia
Published: August 2019

The article considers the modern approaches to the analysis and evaluation of financial stability of Russian companies to study the effectiveness of cash flow management. A comparative analysis of the financial stability of organizations of the Russian Federation and the Republic of Bashkortostan is conducted using a system of indicators based on the coefficient method. Identified trends show a decrease in the deficit of financial stability and its own funds, which hinders the development of investment activity and the expansion of the productive capacity of Russian companies.
Cost approach to the flow-shop construction scheduling
Authors: Anysz Hubert , Krzemiński Michał
Published: August 2019

A flow-shop construction scheduling – especially for a higher number of tasks projected – requires the use of metaheuristic algorithms to find the optimal schedule. The criteria of optimality may vary as well as constraints assumed for the schedule. The paper presents base rules of the flow-shop scheduling as well as the methods of making the work of engaged brigades continuous. When the cost of work execution is analyzed, it can occur that the optimal schedule understood as providing the shortest total time of project execution or the shortest total slack times of working brigades is not the cheapest solution. The following cost generators are taken into account: a daily cost of each brigade (working or waiting for the work), the technology applied to work execution, penalties for not keeping the milestones. The model of a time-cost evaluation of the flow-shop time schedule is formulated, analyzed and discussed. For the illustration of the presented model, the exemplary flow-shop time schedule with some constraints assumed is analyzed with and without the lowest cost as a criterion of optimality.
Management of energy distribution and development of Arctic energy resources
Authors: Аgarkov Sergey , Kozmenko Sergey , Saveliev Аnton , Тeslya Аnna
Published: August 2019

The study is aimed at the issued of environmental planning and management of energy resource extraction in the Russian Arctic Zone. The paper presents a systematic overview of the factors currently hindering comprehensive analysis of the consequences of intensified industrial development of energy resources, and consequently, effective managerial decision-making counteracting negative environmental impacts in the Russian Arctic. The environmental safety of oil and gas facilities on the shelf greatly depends on a system for continuous environmental monitoring, which allows developing measures to reduce environmental risks. There were formulated the main provisions of environmental monitoring as an element of the environmental planning system for facilitating effective managerial decision-making in industrial development of Arctic energy resources.
Organizational and economic changes in the development of enterprise architecture
Authors: Anisiforov Aleksei , Dubgorn Alissa , Lepekhin Aleksandr
Published: August 2019

The paper describes the synchronization of strategic and operational tasks of business with the development and ongoing operation of information systems of the enterprise. The issue of developing information systems architecture in a constantly changing landscape of business processes is investigated in the context of enterprise architectural approach.
Features of Big Data approach and new opportunities of BI-systems in marketing activities
Authors: Ilin Igor , Klimin Anastasii , Shaban Anton
Published: August 2019

At the moment, the conditions of fierce competition in production and sales bring the role of marketing in business to the fore. Big data, which form the basis of BI-systems, and which arise as a result of digitization of economic and any other activity, are growing exponentially. To better understand the impact of Big Data on various marketing activities, it is necessary to consider the main aspects of Big Data approach. A description of the situation on the Big Data market was given, problems were posed, and ways to study them were described. The article describes the possible ways of classifying Big Data, the types of data that are used. Eventually, this article reveals features of Big Data approach and new opportunities of BI-systems in marketing activities. In conclusion, the problems of the study were reviewed, and the main guidelines for future research on the topic were given.
Sustainable use of natural resources in the Arctic region (the example of China’s cooperation with Western countries)
Authors: Batova Tatiana , Lazareva Ekaterina , Pavlova Elena
Published: August 2019

The relevance of this study is caused by the need to solve problems of sustainable use of natural resources in the Arctic region when implementing projects with international participation. The paper highlighted a number of the most significant problems of the region, which destroy the ecological balance. The areas of development of the natural resources of the Arctic region have been determined with the participation of countries interested in this, in particular, China, which is striving to become the leading export world power and influence the sustainable use of natural resources in the Arctic region. The paper analyzes the interests of China in the Arctic, identifies the strategy of China’s behavior and the main directions of international cooperation with the countries of Northern Europe and North America in the Arctic region. China is increasingly pursuing its Arctic policy, and international cooperation is an important way for China to strengthen its research and economic potential in the Arctic. The dominant interests of China in the Arctic are: the development of polar scientific research; the creation of a transport and logistics system; development of hydrocarbon energy and mineral resources; development of systems based on renewable energy sources; maintaining ecological balance, including through the development of a green economy in the region; environmental protection. In this regard, China is taking active steps to establish strong bilateral and multilateral relations with Western countries, the so-called Arctic G8 countries, and seeks to promote its interests in the region under consideration, including through large investments in the Arctic projects of these countries.
Assessment of the efficiency of investing activities of organizations
Authors: Klychova Guzaliya , Zakirova Alsou , Mannapova Renata , Pinina Kseniya , Ryazanova Yuliya
Published: August 2019

Investments are the key to the systematic improvement of the economic situation within the country, both at the stage of economic enterprises and in the social environment. The main factor in the enlargement of economy within agriculture sector is increasing the proficiency of investing activities, strengthening the role of the state in the regulation of agricultural activities while maintaining the level of optimal interaction with the free market; reducing production costs; formation and development of marketing strategy; enhancing environmental safety and estimate in the agriculture; and overcome the variation of prices for agricultural and industrial goods. The foundation of investing activities is the timely receipt of an accurate and reliable information about the magnitude of resources’ investment by objects of agricultural practices. Key performance indicators are the basis of a balanced system that determines the methods of formation of these indicators. The object of the research consists in theoretical justification and developing the calculation method characterizing enterprise investing activities. Abstract-logical, monographical, statistical and economical, and examining methods were used while conducting the present research. The materials of domestic and foreign scholars addressed to the problems of developing balanced system of values served as methodological and theoretical background. The key performance indices are the basis of the balanced system of values, hence they should be formed by using the methods of the indicated system. It is recommended in the article that the assessment of investing activities should involve calculating the data characterizing the social activity of an enterprise. Besides, according to the article, the assessment of investing activities in relation to “Personnel and systems” area should be accomplished by using the data concerning the efficiency of human capital investments, the index of expected expertise, and the business reputation of human capital. The assessment of investing activities conducted in respect of “Finance” area should include calculation of the means allocated by enterprise for construction of disposal facilities, the amounts to be invested into environment protection facilities, investments into community, the funds allocated to support cultural and historical units as well as housing and public service facilities, and the funds used in order to support the events of social importance.
Issues of implementing the state program of energy saving and energy efficiency
Authors: Borshcheniuk Vera , Semeryanova Nina , Filatova Uliana , Nikolaeva Darya , Frolova Elena
Published: August 2019

The article discusses the main issues of energy saving and energy efficiency in the Russian Federation, in particular, the issues of implementing state policy and development of energy management in the region. The authors define the concept of “energy saving” through the prism of subject of regulation, which more fully reveals the whole range of relations of energy saving, corresponding to the essence of legal regulation. The purpose of the study is to analyze legal and managerial problems of implementation of state program on energy saving and energy efficiency in the framework of regional management. The scientific novelty of the study consists in studying problems of energy saving and energy efficiency in the implementation of regional legislative establishments and issues of effectiveness of energy management in the region. The leading approach to the study of this problem is dialectic, analysis, synthesis, formal legal and comparative legal method. Conclusions: First, the state program of energy saving and energy efficiency at the regional level is not being implemented effectively enough. The main problem lies in weak coordination policy of interaction between the region and municipalities in organizing and conducting activities aimed at effective energy saving in the region. Secondly, the use of energy-saving technologies at industrial sites and business facilities is fairly low. Thirdly, there is no comprehensive legal study of this area of relations, and scientific papers are fragmentary.
Economic and statistical modeling of the value of urban real property (using the example of Tyumen city, Russia)
Authors: Podkovyrova Marina , Popkov Leonid , Volobueva Olga
Published: August 2019

The article presents the results on the derivation of an empirical formula of the relationship between the price of apartments and their area in different planning districts of the city of Tyumen, Russia. Economic and mathematical modeling was performed on the basis of analysis of variance, analysis of variational series, regression and correlation analyses. In a specific mathematical form, methods of mathematical statistics allowed answering a wide range of questions about the influence of various factors on the value of primary real property.
Lean and energy efficient production based on internet of things (IOT) in aviation industry
Authors: Korchagin Aleksandr , Deniskina Antonina , Fateeva Irina
Published: August 2019

Nowadays, the interest to lean manufacturing increases every year and a lot of aviation companies use it on their practice. At the same time, Internet technologies also entered in the production of modern aircrafts. For increasing quality and safety of aviation products, in this article it was suggested to use lean manufacturing and Internet of Things technologies for Russian and Chinese aircraft production systems. There is a successful case study of Boeing company, which achieves great results due to these technologies. For realizing this idea on the practice, at first, it is needed to model and analyze the implementation of this technologies on production system and understand is it profitable or not. In this paper, it was proposed to use Discrete Event Simulation method, which proves its imitation on the real practice and possibility of its realization. The results show that we can easily use ARENA software (which is based on DES modelling) for proving the efficiency of Lean and IoT technologies. In conclusion, it becomes obvious that due to the rapid development of Internet technologies it is necessary to integrate it with the lean manufacturing process and analyze its implementation.
Development of the industrial sector in the regions through innovation
Authors: Goycher Oleg , Bugrova Olga , Kudryakov Roman
Published: August 2019

The purpose of the study is to consider the development level of innovative perspective based on prioritization, putting in the first place the industrial sector as the quintessence of all activities in the region. Innovative transformations are an integral part of the strategy implementation for the development of the economy of the Russian Federation in general and regional strategies in particular. At the same time, each of the participants in innovation activities seeks to save them, which leads to the search for less resource-intensive or alternative technologies, to consider the possibility of using elements of outsourcing or engaging regional authorities in the implementation. In most cases, when forming views on innovation processes, the sectoral complex as a whole is considered, which does not take into account the peculiarities of the functioning of individual sectors. The results of the study can be useful for meeting the conditions of the compliance of the goals and objectives of the region’s innovative development, the common vision of project investment, the dynamics of the industrial sector development will be met, and the foundations for the further projection of the proposed tools to manage the economies of the regions and the country.
Preparation of alumina particle suspension in liquid tin using a pre-coating process
Authors: Auger Jean-Marc , Martin Sylvain , Gruy Frédéric
Published: August 2019

This paper presents a process and its variants to prepare alumina particle suspension in liquid tin alloy. Complication may arise due to the non-wettability of alumina by tin alloy. For this purpose, prior to introduce the powder into the liquid metal, the particles of alumina are covered by a thin layer of tin metal by using a controlled milling process. The operating conditions leading to an optimal coverage without particle damage and to a good dispersibility in the liquid metal have been searched.
Influence of steel cleanliness on drawability of fine filaments with high tensile strength
Authors: Godon Julie , Antoine Pascal , Vogt Jean Bernard , Bouquerel Jérémie
Published: August 2019

The aim of the current study is to clarify the influence of steel cleanliness on the fracture during wet wire drawing of high strength high carbon very fine filaments. Methodologies for inclusion identification and for inclusion count were developed. Ninety percent of the fractured filaments were associated with an inclusion which was SiO2, or SiO2-CaO or SiO2-MgO. The fracture of the wires resulted from debonding of the inclusion from the matrix. Inclusion density assessed from total oxygen content in the wire was successfully and reliably obtained. Inclusions exhibited a wide range of sizes but mostly around 6 μm. The inclusion density did not appear as the only parameter that affects the fracture occurrence. An important effect of size and of chemical composition of the inclusions was found. A critical size of inclusions for fracture was observed but it depends on the chemical composition of inclusions.
Successful endoscopic recanalization of complete pharyngoesophageal obstruction after therapy of head and neck cancer
Authors: Schlosser Tobias , Wiegand Susanne , Dietz Andreas , Hollenbach Marcus , Lübbert Christoph , Mössner Joachim , Hoffmeister Albrecht
Published: August 2019

Background Neopharyngeal obstruction after therapy of head and neck cancer is a frequent and clinically challenging problem without evidence-based guideline recommendations.

Case We present two cases of complete esophageal obstruction after treatment for head and neck cancer. Due to complete obstruction of long distance stricture standard dilatation procedures were impossible to perform. In both cases, recanalization was achieved by combining an antegrade with a retrograde maneuver. In one patient endoscopic cutting with a papillotome was needed.

Conclusion Even in complex cases of post-therapeutic stenosis an endoscopic approach may offer a feasible alternative to surgical therapy, especially in the subset of frail patients.
Anatomical and Radiographic Study on the Skull and Mandible of the African Lion (Panthera leo)
Authors: Mohamed Reda
Published: August 2019

Objective The taxonomic affiliations can be detected via the skull morphology. The objective of this study was to give a detailed gross anatomical and radiographic description of the bones and foramina of the skull and mandible of the lion. This information could be used in the identification of the skull and mandible of the lion, which is of great importance in taxonomic affiliation and to help the zoo veterinarians to detect, diagnose, and treat head conditions.

Materials and Methods The current work was conducted on two skulls and mandibles of lions. The skulls and mandible were prepared using standard boiling and maceration technique. The gross and radiographic photos of the bones and foramina of the skull and mandible were taken using a Kodak digital camera and Siemens mobile full wave X-ray machine (Siemens Medical Solutions, Erlangen, Germany).

Results The skull of the lion comprised of facial and cranial parts. The nasal openings were large, and the bony orbit was incomplete. The supraorbital foramen was absent. The zygomatic arch was large. The frontal region had a deep longitudinal depression dorsally. The mandible was a paired bone with movable articulation, and it had strongly excavated masseteric fossa with a well-developed crest. The dental formula was 30 teeth consisting of small incisors, long canines and carnassial premolars.

Conclusion The current study showed that the osteology and foramina of the skull and mandible of the lion were similar to those of other mammals. The information is important for taxonomic affiliation, and wildlife forensic as well as to help the zoo veterinarians to manage clinical head diseases in this species.
Med.Logistica 2019: Positive Bilanz für Netzwerktreffen der Krankenhaus-Logistiker
Authors: Rößing Sabine
Published: August 2019

Mehr als 900 Teilnehmer und 87 Aussteller kamen in diesem Jahr zur Med.Logistica nach Leipzig – und mehr als 100 Referenten aus den Themengebieten Logistik, Beschaffungs- und Prozessmanagement rund ums Krankenhaus stellten an den zwei Veranstaltungstagen Lösungsansätze und Technikanwendungen vor.
Kampf um Fachkräfte: Arbeitest du noch oder gigjobbst du schon?
Authors: Heeser Alexandra
Published: August 2019

Meist wird beim Kampf um Fachkräfte eine Zielgruppe übersehen: die stille Reserve. Wie kann man Elternzeitler, Studenten, Rentner, Berufsaussteiger oder -einsteiger für das Krankenhaus gewinnen? Flexible Arbeitszeiten, übertarifliche Bezahlung und Festanstellung – das sind die Antworten, die GigWork als digitale, temporäre Alternative zur Zeitarbeit bietet.
Die WGKT und Innovationen: Vom Wissenschaftspreis bis hin zu erfolgreichen Start-ups
Authors: Kratzenberg Stefan
Published: August 2019

Der weltweite Gesundheitsmarkt befindet sich im Wandel. Schlagwörter wie Digitalisierung und Health Tech bestimmen mittlerweile Fachmedien und Diskussionen. Die Wissenschaftliche Gesellschaft für Krankenhaustechnik (WGKT) greift diese Themen regelmäßig auf ihren Tagungen auf und gibt neue Impulse. Wie das in der Praxis anhand eines konkreten Beispiels erfolgreich umgesetzt wird, erläutert Dr. Stefan Kratzenberg.
The vapor pressure of liquid and solid water phases at conditions relevant to the atmosphere
Authors: Nachbar Mario , Duft Denis , Leisner Thomas
Published: August 2019

In the atmosphere, water can be present in liquid and solid phases, but the vapor phase is generally predominant. Condensed phases of water occur under a wide range of conditions, ranging from polar mesospheric clouds at the lowest atmospheric temperatures and at low pressure to the much warmer tropospheric clouds. The temperature range at which ice or water clouds are observed spans from T = 100 to 300 K with pressures ranging from about 10−3 mbar to about 1 bar. Over this wide range, water is known to form several condensed phases, which can be separated into crystalline (hexagonal and stacking disordered ice) and noncrystalline phases (liquid and supercooled liquid water, amorphous solid water). We report on the vapor pressure of these water phases with a focus on metastable amorphous solid water and stacking disordered ice in the light of recent experimental findings and discuss possible implications for the atmosphere. We present evidence that supercooled liquid water and low density amorphous solid water do not belong to the same phase and therefore, no continuous vapor pressure curve can be given.
Evaluation of energy-to-data ratio of quantum-dot microdisk lasers under direct modulation
Authors: Kryzhanovskaya N. V. , Moiseev E. I. , Zubov F. I. , Mozharov A. M. , Maximov M. V. , Kalyuzhnyy N. A. , Mintairov S. A. , Guseva Yu. A. , Kulagina M. M. , Blokhin S. A. , Berdnikov Yu. , Zhukov A. E.
Published: August 2019

The energy-to-data ratio (EDR) was evaluated for quantum-dot based microdisk laser directly modulated without external cooling. The experimental values of EDR decrease with decreasing diameter of the microdisk and reach 1.5 pJ/bit for the smallest diameter under study (10.5 μm). In larger microdisks (with a diameter greater than 20 μm), the EDR varies in proportion to the square of the diameter. If this relationship were true for smaller microdisks as well, an EDR value of about 100 fJ would be achieved with a diameter of 4 μm. The observed deviation of EDR from the quadratic dependence on the diameter is associated with an increase in the threshold current density in smaller devices, which in turn may be caused by the contribution of nonradiative recombination on the microresonator sidewalls formed by deep etching.
A reformulated general thermal-field emission equation
Authors: Jensen Kevin L.
Published: August 2019

Theoretical models of thermal, field, and thermal-field emission of electrons generally require the evaluation of the Gamow, or tunneling, factor. A rapid means to do so is developed using shape factor methods for general potentials, but, in particular, for the image charge (or Schottky-Nordheim) barrier from which the Fowler-Nordheim (field emission) and Richardson-Laue-Dushman (thermal emission) equations are derived. The shape factor method provides greater accuracy than the elliptical integral functions that the electron emission equations conventionally rely on and eliminates the need to use them. The mild overprediction of the field emission current by the Fowler-Nordheim equation at very high fields is corrected. Undesired behaviors associated with prior versions of the general Thermal-Field equation in the thermal-field regime are eliminated by properly identifying the maximum of the current density integrand and accounting for its shape. The methodology to rapidly identify the current density maximum in general is demonstrated for various combinations of field, temperature, and work function, and the improvements demonstrated. The utility of the reformulated methodology for the simulation of electron beams and the ability to characterize cathode configurations of technological interest are discussed.
Phase behavior of empirical potentials of titanium dioxide
Authors: Reinhardt Aleks
Published: August 2019

In recent years, several relatively similar empirical models of titanium dioxide have been proposed as reparameterizations of the potential of Matsui and Akaogi, with the Buckingham interaction replaced by a Lennard-Jones interaction. However, because of the steepness of the repulsive region of the Lennard-Jones potential, such reparameterized models result in rather different mechanical and thermodynamic properties compared to the original potential. Here, we use free-energy calculations based on the Einstein crystal method to compute the phase diagram of both the Matsui–Akaogi potential and one of its Lennard-Jones-based reparameterizations. Both potentials are able to support a large number of distinct crystalline polymorphs of titanium dioxide that have been observed in experiment, but the regions of thermodynamic stability of the individual phases are significantly different from one another. Moreover, neither potential results in phase behavior that is fully consistent with the available experimental evidence.
Nanoscale oxygen defect gradients in UO

2+
x

surfaces
Authors: Spurgeon Steven R. , Sassi Michel , Ophus Colin , Stubbs Joanne E. , Ilton Eugene S. , Buck Edgar C.
Published: August 2019

Oxygen defects govern the behavior of a range of materials spanning catalysis, quantum computing, and nuclear energy. Understanding and controlling these defects is particularly important for the safe use, storage, and disposal of actinide oxides in the nuclear fuel cycle, since their oxidation state influences fuel lifetimes, stability, and the contamination of groundwater. However, poorly understood nanoscale fluctuations in these systems can lead to significant deviations from bulk oxidation behavior. Here we describe the use of aberration-corrected scanning transmission electron microscopy and electron energy loss spectroscopy to resolve changes in the local oxygen defect environment in

U
O

2
+
x

surfaces. We observe large image contrast and spectral changes that reflect the presence of sizable gradients in interstitial oxygen content at the nanoscale, which we quantify through first-principles calculations and image simulations. These findings reveal an unprecedented level of excess oxygen incorporated in a complex near-surface spatial distribution, offering additional insight into defect formation pathways and kinetics during

U
O

2

surface oxidation.
Auteur dubbing
Authors: Zanotti Serenella
Published: August 2019

Stanley Kubrick was one of the few film directors who took an active role in the creation of foreign-language versions. From A Clockwork Orange onwards, he personally chose the dubbing director for all the dubbed versions and had an active part in the voice casting (Chiaro 2007, Nornes 2007). By looking at a variety of sources, this chapter aims to illustrate the genesis of the dubbed versions of Kubrick’s films, focusing on the film director’s role and degree of intervention in the production process. It will be argued that, by overseeing all aspects of the dubbing process, Kubrick conferred a special status on the foreign-language releases of his films, which are to be regarded as authorized versions on which an unusually evident authorial imprint was imposed.
Fandubbing across time and space
Authors: Baños Rocío
Published: August 2019

This chapter investigates a phenomenon that has received scant academic attention so far: fandubbing. To understand the extent and impact of this participatory practice in the current landscape, the chapter examines fandubbing origins and reflects on the needs met by fandubs at different times and contexts. The plethora of uses and motivations behind this phenomenon question the suitability of the term fandubbing. Against this backdrop, and drawing on Díaz-Cintas’s (2018) conception of “cybersubtitles”, the chapter advocates using the term cyberdubbing to reflect the wide range of non-traditional online dubbing practices so prevalent nowadays, including parodic and serious dubbings undertaken by fans, Internet users and digital influencers, be them professionals or amateurs.
More than words can say
Authors: Sánchez-Mompeán Sofía
Published: August 2019

Prosodic choices enable on-screen characters to express more than words can say. The pragmatic content attached to their utterances needs to be grasped and reflected in dubbing. Given that the denotative meaning of words can be modulated and even altered by prosodic cues, the role of prosody in audiovisual discourse cannot be neglected in dubbing research and practice. This chapter sets out to explore the relevance of four prosodic systems, namely pitch-direction, pitch-range, loudness and tempo, and their pragmatic implications for English-Spanish dubbed dialogue. The examples provided within each category aim to illustrate via a qualitative analysis how variations in prosody can be used by the original characters to show their attitudes and intentions and how practitioners can reproduce this underlying content by drawing upon their own linguistic resources while complying with dubbing conventions.
The populist political logic and the analysis of the discursive construction of ‘the people’ and ‘the elite’
Authors: De Cleen Benjamin
Published: August 2019

Aiming to provide some theoretical context to this edited volume on Imagining the Peoples of Europe, this chapter argues that a discourse-theoretical definition of populism as a political logic is the best basis for discursive analyses of populist politics. In identifying what makes populist politics across the political spectrum populist, the chapter strongly builds on Laclau’s work. But it more explicitly limits populism to a particular political logic that revolves around the claim to represent ‘the people’, discursively constructed through a down/up opposition between the people-as-underdog and ‘the elite’ as a small and illegitimately powerful group that is argued not to satisfy the needs and demands of the people. This definition also emphasizes how populism constructs not only ‘the people’ but also ‘the elite’, and how it presents certain demands as the will of the people. The chapter concludes with a discussion of the proposed definition’s implications for the empirical analysis of populist politics across the political spectrum, suggesting that we need to analyze the ways in which populists construct the down/up opposition between ‘people’ and ‘elite’ as well as how this opposition is articulated with other elements of populists’ particular programs and strategies.
European populism(s) as a counter-hegemonic discourse?
Authors: Borriello Arthur , Mazzolini Samuele
Published: August 2019

In this chapter, we compare the discourse of Podemos and Movimento Cinque Stelle in order to answer the following question: to what extent do these movements pertain to the same political phenomenon? Based on Laclau’s definition of populism, we provide a “snapshot” of both parties’ discourse between 2012 and 2016 by carrying out a corpus-based analysis that combines lexicography and metaphor analysis. The results show that they display a populist logic and represent two counter-discourses against neoliberal hegemony. However, they also display important differences that could prove to be decisive when it comes to seizing political power and building an alternative to the hegemonic order they challenge, as their recent evolutions have shown.
Measuring people-centrism in populist political discourse
Authors: van Leeuwen Maarten
Published: August 2019

In recent years, a growing body of political-scientific literature has focused on the empirical measurement of populism. In such studies, “people-centrism” is one of the most frequently analysed discourse characteristics, i.e. to what extent “the people” are put in the focus of attention in a politician’s discourse. In order to measure people-centrism empirically, it is common practice to use the number of references to the electorate as the only indicator. In this contribution, however, I argue that the way in which politicians refer to “the people” should be taken into account as well. By presenting a case study from Dutch politics, in which the populist Geert Wilders plays an important role, I substantiate that analysing the syntactic position in which “the people” are presented and the strategic use of perspective or attributed viewpoint deepens our understanding of how (populist) politicians put “the people” in the centre of attention in their discourse. As such this contribution also aims to demonstrate how a linguistic approach to populism can contribute to the empirical measurement of populism.
The obelisk and the asterisk
Authors: Burridge Kate
Published: August 2019

This chapter explores the complexities of the prescriptive-descriptive divide as revealed in three
dictionaries from the early to late Modern English period. Lexicographers had not yet arrived at the idea that
dictionaries should include all words; hence, those they chose to record in permanent form are telling. Also
informative is their application of symbols to certain entries. No doubt this notation was informing readers these
words were to be treated differently in some way. Yet, these lexicographers did not seem interested in expunging the
entries – and they were certainly not advocating an invariable language. Their aims were more to guide readers in
their choice of words and to outline different stylistic choices. Echoing David Crystal (2006a: 106) and linguistic wisdom today, “be linguistically prepared” could well have been their
motto.
A (great) deal of: Developments in 19th-century British and Australian English
Authors: Claridge Claudia , Kytö Merja
Published: August 2019

All variants of the form a x deal of are investigated across nineteenth-century English in
south-eastern England and in Australia. Determiner uses dominate followed by adverbial uses with verbs and pronominal
uses coming last. The great majority of items found include an adjective, almost invariably good or
great, thus confirming the routinized nature of the larger phrase. Regarding the two semantic
functions of deal, quantification is more common overall, but while this also predominates in
England, Australia prefers degree readings and thus a more strongly grammaticalized form. Stylistically,
deal-phrases show a preference for involved contexts and to a lesser extent also towards oral
contexts. Australian English uses the form to a greater extent, perhaps indicating greater colloquiality, and
additionally often shows rising use.
African American English in nineteenth-century Liberia
Authors: Siebers Lucia
Published: August 2019

This chapter investigates African American English as it was transported to Liberia in the nineteenth
century based on vernacular Liberian letters compiled in the Corpus of Older African American Letters. The analysis
focuses in particular on the individual variation in the verbal paradigm of an emigrant family. The findings show that
family members evince similar changes in progress transported from the American South but that social changes induced
by the migratory movement have resulted in changes with regard to verbal -s marking that take very different paths of
developments in two generations of the same family.
Borders and language
Authors: Chambers J. K. (Jack)
Published: August 2019

We expect to find dialect differences dispersed along a geographic continuum, under normal circumstances.
That is, unless some contingency disrupts the geography, we expect to find only minor differences in the speech of one
community and the communities on either side. The differences proliferate as distance increases, so that dialect
differences are greater in communities further away. This pattern of dispersion is known as a dialect continuum (Chambers and Trudgill 1998: 5–7). It is a model that has not aroused much
critical scrutiny presumably because it follows from the common-sense observation that people tend to speak more like
their neighbors than people further away. The most rigorous examination of the concept, the dialectometric analysis of
a chain of Dutch villages by Heeringa and Nerbonne (2001), corroborated the
main tenets of the model.
Scalar modes and the linearized Schwarzschild solution on a quantized FLRW space-time in Yang–Mills matrix models
Authors: Steinacker Harold C
Published: August 2019

We study scalar perturbations of a recently found 3+1-dimensional FLRW quantum space-time solution in Yang–Mills matrix models. In particular, the linearized Schwarzschild metric is obtained as a solution. It arises from a quasi-static would-be massive graviton mode, and slowly decreases during the cosmic expansion. Along with the propagating graviton modes, this strongly suggests that 3+1 dimensional (quantum) gravity emerges from the IKKT matrix model on this background. For the dynamical scalar modes, non-linear effects must be taken into account. We argue that they lead to non-Ricci-flat metric perturbations with very long wavelengths, which would be perceived as dark matter from the GR point of view.