bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evidence of abnormality in glutathione metabolism in the airways of preterm born children with a history of bronchopulmonary dysplasia
Authors: Course Christopher W. , Lewis Philip A. , Kotecha Sarah J. , Cousins Michael , Hart Kylie , Heesom Kate J. , Watkins W. John , Kotecha Sailesh
Published: November 2023

Preterm-born children are at risk of long-term pulmonary deficits, including those who developed bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) in infancy, however the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. We characterised the exhaled breath condensate (EBC) metabolome from preterm-born children, both with and without BPD. Following spirometry, EBC from children aged 7–12 years, from the Respiratory Health Outcomes in Neonates study, were analysed using Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry. Metabolite Set Enrichment Analysis (MSEA) linked significantly altered metabolites to biological processes. Linear regression models examined relationships between metabolites of interest and participant demographics. EBC was analysed from 214 children, 144 were born preterm, including 34 with BPD. 235 metabolites were detected, with 38 above the detection limit in every sample. Alanine and pyroglutamic acid were significantly reduced in the BPD group when compared to preterm controls. MSEA demonstrated a reduction in glutathione metabolism. Reduced quantities of alanine, ornithine and urea in the BPD group were linked with alteration of the urea cycle. Linear regression revealed significant associations with BPD when other characteristics were considered, but not with current lung function parameters. In this exploratory study of the airway metabolome, preterm-born children with a history of BPD had changes consistent with reduced antioxidant mechanisms suggesting oxidative stress.
Automated deep learning-based AMD detection and staging in real-world OCT datasets (PINNACLE study report 5)
Authors: Leingang Oliver , Riedl Sophie , Mai Julia , Reiter Gregor S. , Faustmann Georg , Fuchs Philipp , Scholl Hendrik P. N. , Sivaprasad Sobha , Rueckert Daniel , Lotery Andrew , Schmidt-Erfurth Ursula , Bogunović Hrvoje
Published: November 2023

Real-world retinal optical coherence tomography (OCT) scans are available in abundance in primary and secondary eye care centres. They contain a wealth of information to be analyzed in retrospective studies. The associated electronic health records alone are often not enough to generate a high-quality dataset for clinical, statistical, and machine learning analysis. We have developed a deep learning-based age-related macular degeneration (AMD) stage classifier, to efficiently identify the first onset of early/intermediate (iAMD), atrophic (GA), and neovascular (nAMD) stage of AMD in retrospective data. We trained a two-stage convolutional neural network to classify macula-centered 3D volumes from Topcon OCT images into 4 classes: Normal, iAMD, GA and nAMD. In the first stage, a 2D ResNet50 is trained to identify the disease categories on the individual OCT B-scans while in the second stage, four smaller models (ResNets) use the concatenated B-scan-wise output from the first stage to classify the entire OCT volume. Classification uncertainty estimates are generated with Monte-Carlo dropout at inference time. The model was trained on a real-world OCT dataset, 3765 scans of 1849 eyes, and extensively evaluated, where it reached an average ROC-AUC of 0.94 in a real-world test set.
Adaptability of water resources development and utilization to social-economy system in Hunan province, China
Authors: Lu Yang , Su Ying , Cui Can , Ren Li , Zhang Ke , Wang Yuzhang , Yang Jialiang , Huang Yuequn
Published: November 2023

The interplay of water resources with social-economy spheres involves a reciprocal feedback mechanism. With the acceleration of the construction process of modernized water networks in Hunan Province, investigating the adaptation status of the "Water-Social-Economy " composite system (WSE) is crucial for promoting sustainability. This study clarifies the connotation of the adaptability of WSE, and the quantitative analyses were conducted through coupling coordinative degree, harmonious development capacity, and the evolution of development lag types among the 14 cities of Hunan Province from 2005 to 2020. The results show that: (1) The development index of the water resources subsystem (WRS) showed a “downward-fluctuation-upward” trend, while the development index of the social-economy subsystem (SES) showed signs of great improvement, the former didn’t catch up with the latter. (2) The coupling coordination degree of WSE developed well, and reached the coordinative development stage by 2020, but the unbalanced spatial pattern between north to south and east to west still exists and is further intensified. (3) The development ability of WSE improved while the harmony ability reduced, and the development rate of WRS and SES hasn’t achieved dynamic synchronization. Finally, the policies and suggestions to improve the adaptability are put forward, which is of instructive significance for the sustainable development of water suitability.
Novel phenotype characterization utilizing electrical impedance myography signatures in murine spinal cord injury neurogenic bladder models
Authors: Wang Hsin-Hsiao Scott , Thaker Hatim , Bigger-Allen Alex , Nagy Janice A. , Rutkove Seward B.
Published: November 2023

Neurogenic bladder (NB) affects people of all ages. Electric impedance myography (EIM) assesses localized muscle abnormalities. Here, we sought to investigate whether unique detrusor EIM signatures are present in NB due to spinal cord injury (SCI). Twenty-eight, 8–10 weeks old, C57BL/6J female mice were studied. Twenty underwent spinal cord transection; 8 served as controls. Cohorts were euthanized at 4 and 6 weeks after spinal cord transection. Each bladder was measured in-situ with EIM with applied frequencies of 1 kHz to 10 MHz, and then processed for molecular and histologic study. SCI mice had greater bladder-to-body weight ratio (p < 0.0001), greater collagen deposition (p = 0.009), and greater smooth-muscle-myosin-heavy-chain isoform A/B ratio (p < 0.0001). Compared with the control group, the SCI group was associated with lower phase, reactance, and resistance values (p < 0.01). Significant correlations (p < 0.001) between bladder-to-body weight ratios and EIM measurements were observed across the entire frequency spectrum. A severely hypertrophied phenotype was characterized by even greater bladder-to-body weight ratios and more depressed EIM values. Our study demonstrated distinct EIM alterations in the detrusor muscle of mice with NB due to SCI. With further refinement, EIM may offer a potential point-of-care tool for the assessment of NB and its response to treatment.
Government intervention, industrial structure, and energy eco-efficiency: an empirical research on new energy demonstration in cities
Authors: Zhang Xiaoyi , Zhang Rui , Wang Yue , Zhao Meilin , Zhao Xin
Published: November 2023

This study investigates the relationships among government intervention, industrial structure, and energy eco-efficiency (EE). Energy eco-efficiency was measured based on a non-radial directional distance function for 236 cities in China from 2005 to 2019. Additionally, the difference-in-difference model (DID) method and spatial econometric models were used to analyse the impact of government intervention and industrial structure on energy eco-efficiency and their spatial spill-over effects. Government intervention includes fiscal expenditures and policy orientation for new energy demonstration construction. Our results indicate that: China’s EE has a fluctuating upward trend and increased 17.85% in the period, and its spatial distribution imbalance gradually developed into a regional distribution balance. Moreover, government intervention and adjustment of the industrial structure improved urban energy eco-efficiency by 7.43% and 0.92%, respectively, which also has spatial spill-over effects in neighbouring regions. Furthermore, economic development, technological innovation, and foreign direct investment enable EE. However, urbanisation hinders the improvement of energy eco-efficiency. Finally, heterogeneity analysis showed that the policy of the new energy demonstration city has better effects on eastern and western cities in promoting EE.
Comparison of usefulness of two tests measuring anaerobic performance of untrained and soccer-training girls U12
Authors: Jastrzębska Agnieszka Danuta
Published: November 2023

The study aimed to investigate the usefulness of the Running-based Anaerobic Sprint Test (RAST) in anaerobic performance estimation in trained and untrained girls U12, and the effect of an 8-week training period in female U12 soccer players on anaerobic performance. A comparative study of two structurally different anaerobic tests was performed to reach the goal. The study was designed as a non-randomized, controlled before-and-after trial. Fourteen female soccer players (FSP) and twelve untrained girls (UNT) participated in the study. During that time, all participants were subjected to school’s physical education classes and the FSP additionally participated in regular soccer training. The anaerobic performance was evaluated twice, within 8-weeks period, using the traditional Wingate test (WAnT) and the RAST. A significant increase in the anaerobic performance of the FSP was noted (p < 0.05). In both tests peak, average, and relative power were significantly improved (p < 0.005). Nevertheless, strong, statistically significant (p < 0.05) correlation coefficients (0.50 < r < 0.70) were found for pre-training measurements between the WAnT and the RAST power parameters in absolute values. In UNT group significant improvement was found in peak, average and min power (p < 0.05) in the RAST. The improvement in anaerobic performance after training along with the strong correlation noted between the WAnT and the RAST power parameters prove the usefulness of the RAST in assessing anaerobic capacity in female youth athletes. Its simplicity encourages its use in monitoring anaerobic capacity in both trained and untrained girls.
Overdriven laser diode optoacoustic microscopy
Authors: Seeger Markus , Stylogiannis Antonios , Prade Ludwig , Glasl Sarah , Ntziachristos Vasilis
Published: November 2023

Laser diodes are small and inexpensive but don’t afford the pulse energy and beam profile required for optoacoustic (photoacoustic) microscopy. Using two novel modulation concepts, i.e. overdriving continuous-wave laser diodes (CWLD) and frequency-wavelength multiplexing (FWM) based on illumination pulse-trains, we demonstrate concurrent multi-wavelength optoacoustic microscopy with signal-to-noise ratios of > 17 dB, < 2 µm resolution at repetition rates of 1 MHz. This unprecedented performance based on an adaptable trigger engine allowed us to contrast FWM to wavelength alternating acquisition using identical optical components. We showcase this concept’s superiority over conventional optoacoustic microscopes by visualizing vascular oxygenation dynamics and circulating tumor cells in mice. This work positions laser diodes as a technology allowing affordable, tunable, and miniaturizable optoacoustic microscopy.
Detection of solar QBO-like signals in earth’s magnetic field from multi-GOES mission data
Authors: Inceoglu Fadil , Loto’aniu Paul T. M.
Published: November 2023

Through variations in its magnetic activity at different timescales, the Sun strongly influences the space weather conditions throughout the heliosphere. The most known solar activity variation is the Schwabe Cycle, also known as the Sunspot Cycle (SCs), period of which ranges from 9 to 13 years. The Sun also shows shorter quasi-periodic variations, such as the quasi-biennial oscillations (QBOs), superposed on the SCs. The QBOs are thought to be a global phenomena extending from the subsurface layers of the Sun to Earth and throughout the Heliosphere with a period generally between 1.3 and 1.6 years. In this study, we, for the first time, detected signals with periods ranging from 1.3 to 1.6 years in Earth’s magnetosphere, which can be associated with the solar QBOs, using data from multiple GOES missions. The QBO-like signals detected in Earths Magnetopshere are thought to be propagated via the solar wind from the solar surface.
A phosphonium ionic liquid conjugated magnetic graphitic carbon nitride nanocomposite: an effective sample pretreatment tool for selenium separation and determination
Authors: Arputharaj Emmanuvel , Singh Shivangi , Pasupuleti Raghavendra Rao , Kuo Chun-An , Ya Wei-Jyun , Huang Yu-Hui , Wu You-Rong , Chao Yu-Ying , Huang Yeou-Lih
Published: November 2023

Facile fabrication of magnetic nanocomposite adsorbent (MNC-SPE) for the effortless extraction and determination of selenium (Se) from real water samples, aided by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS).
Stereoselective separation, configuration determination, and quantification of flavanone glycosides in Citrus using chiral HPLC-UV in combination with CD spectra
Authors: Jiang Bingtong , Wang Zhaokun , Shi Xuejiao , Gao Ying , Zhang Jiayu , Che Yanyun
Published: November 2023

A efficient method for simultaneous separation of the C-2 diastereomers of naringin, neohesperidin, hesperidin and narirutin was developed, and used for determination of each epimer of them in traditional Chinese medicine of Zhiqiao and Zhishi.
Pediococcus acidilactici (pA1c®) alleviates obesity-related dyslipidemia and inflammation in Wistar rats by activating beta-oxidation and modulating the gut microbiota
Authors: Yavorov-Dayliev Deyan , Milagro Fermín I. , López-Yoldi Miguel , Clemente Iñigo , Riezu-Boj José Ignacio , Ayo Josune , Oneca María , Aranaz Paula
Published: November 2023

pA1c® prevents obesity-related disturbances including hypercholesterolemia and hypertriglyceridemia by reducing inflammation, activating beta-oxidation and reverting gut microbiota dysbiosis.
Differential labelling of human sub-cellular compartments with fluorescent dye esters and expansion microscopy
Authors: Sheard Thomas M. D. , Shakespeare Tayla B. , Seehra Rajpinder S. , Spencer Michael E. , Suen Kin M. , Jayasinghe Izzy
Published: November 2023

14 fluorescent NHS esters of different hydrophobicity and charges were shown to differentially label a range of subcellular compartments in HeLa cells using the super-resolution imaging technique expansion microscopy.
Chemical conjugation of aptamer–sphingomyelin nanosystems and their potential as inhibitors of tumour cell proliferation in breast cancer cells
Authors: García-Fernández Jenifer , Rivadulla Costa Laura , Pinto-Díez Celia , Elena Martín M. , González Víctor M. , de la Fuente Freire María
Published: November 2023

Sphingomyelin nanoemulsions were covalently conjugated with apMNK2F using a 2-step bioconjugation process. They demonstrated effective intracellular delivery, outperforming free aptamer, resulting in decreased breast cancer cell proliferation.
Solvent-free synthesis and in-silico molecular docking study of (E)-3-(β-C-glycosylmethylidene)-N-aryl/alkyl succinimides
Authors: Shankar Bhawani , Singh Tejveer , Kumar Banty , Arora Aditi , Kumar Sumit , Singh Brajendra K.
Published: November 2023

Solvent-free synthesis of β-C-glycosylated methylidene succinimides using the Wittig olefination reaction and subsequent Lewis acid-mediated deprotection has been reported. Docking studies reveal that these compounds are selective and potent inhibitors of the E6 oncoprotein of high-risk type HPV16.
Towards scalability: progress in metal oxide charge transport layers for large-area perovskite solar cells
Authors: Choi Seongmin , Yong Taeyeong , Choi Jongmin
Published: November 2023

In this review article, we aim to offer a focused overview of metal oxide CTLs for large-area PSCs, emphasizing recent advancements in deposition techniques, modification strategies, and their suitability for large-area device applications.
Effect of quaternary ammonium surfactants on biomembranes using molecular dynamics simulation
Authors: Moosavi Sedigheh Saddat , Zolghadr Amin Reza
Published: November 2023

The interactions between different surfactants and phospholipid membranes are investigated by molecular dynamics simulation.
Enhancing the electrocatalytic performance of SnX2 (X = S and Se) monolayers for CO2 reduction to HCOOH via transition metal atom adsorption: a theoretical investigation
Authors: Xia Feifei , Xu Qing , Yang Fengli , Shu Li , Wen Yingpin
Published: November 2023

Enhanced catalytic activity of SnX2 (X = S and Se) monolayers for CO2 electroreduction to HCOOH via transition metal atom adsorption.
Room temperature esterification of high-free fatty acid feedstock into biodiesel
Authors: Supeno Minto , Sihotang John P. , Panjaitan Yolinda V. , Damanik Dian S. Y. , Tarigan Juliati Br. , Sitepu Eko K.
Published: November 2023

The esterification of a high-free fatty acid feedstock to biodiesel is often performed in high-temperature conditions using either homogeneous or heterogeneous acid catalysts.
A chiral pentanidium and pyridinyl-sulphonamide ion pair as an enantioselective organocatalyst for Steglich rearrangement
Authors: Yang Ziqi , Xu Chaoran , Zhou Xianxian , Cheong Choon Boon , Kee Choon Wee , Tan Choon-Hong
Published: November 2023

We report the successful development of a stable chiral pentanidium pyridinyl-sulphonamide ion pair as a nucleophilic organocatalyst for asymmetric Steglich rearrangement.
Pore engineering of metal–organic frameworks for boosting low-pressure CO2 capture
Authors: Ding Meili , Rong Wei , Wang Yang , Kong Suyu , Yao Jianfeng
Published: November 2023

This review summarizes recent advances in the pore engineering of metal–organic framework-based materials for boosting carbon dioxide capture by highlighting the structure–performance relationships.
Biomimetic intelligent photonic crystal composite films with tri-mode optical states for advanced anti-counterfeiting and information encryption
Authors: Yu Zhumin , Zhao Kai , Zhao Yanbo , Wu Mengyue , Cheng Bin , Qian Rong , Chen Shuoran , Ye Changqing
Published: November 2023

By embedding thermochromic microcapsules and fluorescent materials into colloidal photonic crystals (PCs), intelligent PCs composite films that mimic the physical and chemical elements found in the gecko's skin have been obtained.
Current status of Schismatogobius marmoratus (Peters, 1868) from West Sulawesi, Indonesia
Authors: Nurjirana  , Burhanuddin Andi Iqbal , Ruli Fismatman , Hasan Veryl , Afrisal Muhammad , Haryono  , Wahyudewantoro Gema , Mokodongan Daniel Frikli
Published: November 2023

Schismatogobius marmoratus (Peters, 1868) was first described from Samar Island, Philippines. Known distributions from Taiwan, Japan, and Indonesia. We collected several specimens from June 2021 to August 2022 during field trips to the Pamboang River, Mosso River, and Leppangan River Majene Regency, West Sulawesi. This study aimed to report the distribution of S. marmoratus from West Sulawesi. Specimens were collected using an electro shocker 120 Volt and 10 amperes, hand nets mesh size 2 mm, and trap nets mesh size 1 mm. Morphometric measurements were taken from point to point using digital calipers with a precision of 0.01 mm. These records extend its occurrence and confirm its widespread distribution in Sulawesi. The discovery of several specimens in Sulawesi increased the urgency of research to determine the distribution and the conservation status of this species, currently listed as least concern (LC) in the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) red list.
Diatom communities in marine protected areas in the coral reefs in Lombok, Indonesia, using aqueous and sedimentary environmental DNA (eDNA)
Authors: Hermawati Selia , Madduppa Hawis , Kamal Mohammad Mukhlis , Kurnia Rahmat , Rachmawati Rita
Published: November 2023

Diatom has a specific response to particular ecological conditions. They live both planktonic and benthic, which is usually the diversity that has only been documented by microscopic. The information about the diversity of Diatoms is critical as a baseline study for biomonitoring. Thus, in this study, we applied environmental DNA through a next-generation sequencing method to analyze planktonic and benthic communities of Diatom in marine protected areas in Lombok Waters, Indonesia. The result shows that benthic Diatom has more richness than planktonic but lacks significance between spatial. In our study, we detected 25 species of Diatom in West and East Lombok. Diatom from sediment samples has more richness than water, with four species only found in the Water samples and 18 species in the sediment samples. Three species were found both in the water and sediment samples. The highest abundance in the Stramenopiles clades is Diatom. Relative abundance of diatom about 12% to 23.91% from total micro eukaryotic or about 85.71%tol 86.14% from total Stramenopiles clades for East Lombok and West Lombok, respectively. Limitations of the genetic reference database, especially for tropical causes, restricted the determination of genetically identified sequence types at both genus and species levels.
The effect of alginate concentration on the viability of probiotics (Bacillus subtilis) in synbiotic microcapsule beads after incubation at 70°C
Authors: Tampangallo B.R. , Anshary Hilal , Sriwulan  , Syah Rachman , Febrianti Ninang
Published: November 2023

High temperatures in feed molding machines can cause a decline in probiotic populations in fish feed. Adding alginate in probiotic preparations is expected to wrap probiotics so that when added to the feed before pelleting, it does not experience a drastic decrease. This study investigated the decline in probiotic populations in fish feed caused by high temperatures in feed molding machines and evaluated the use of alginate in probiotic preparations to prevent drastic decreases in viability. The study aimed to determine the viability of Bacillus sp. in synbiotic microcapsule beads with varying levels of alginate concentration after exposure to 70°C. The research used four treatments and three replicates with a randomized complete design. The results showed that the alginate concentration affected the diameter of the beads of synbiotic microcapsules, but it did not significantly affect the viability of Bacillus sp. The viability of probiotics in alginate beads after exposure to 70°C was 5.182±0.527 - 5.720±0.072 log cfu/ml. Therefore, using alginate in probiotic preparations can be considered as a reference for adding probiotics to fish feed before pelleting to maintain the viability of the probiotics in high-temperature conditions.
Multi-species biofloc bacteria and application test on snakehead fish (Channa striata bloch, 1793) juvenile
Authors: Widyastuti Yohanna R. , Mundayana Yuani , Kadarini Tutik , Murniasih Siti , Saputra Adang
Published: November 2023

Multi-species bacteria in biofloc fish farming systems are used as an effective way to decompose nitrogen waste. Snakehead (Channa striata Bloch, 1793) fish farmers require biofloc bacteria to improve growth performance. This research aims to easily evaluate the multi-species biofloc bacteria consisting of Lysinibacillus fusiformis, Bacillus sp., and Bacillus subtilis and their application on snakehead fish. The bacterial density tests on molasses mounting media in indoor and outdoor hatcheries were done. The research location was at the multi-species hatchery, aquaculture environment, and toxicology research installation. The experiment fish used was snakehead fish with a length ranging from 12-15 cm and a stocking density of 15 fish per container. The fish parameters measured were total length (cm) and average body weight (g). Water quality parameters: temperature, pH, DO, nitrite, nitrate, and ammonia. The parameter measurement of bacteria was the growth number, and floc bacteria was measured on volume. An application test in a laboratory scale was done with probiotic stocking doses: A (2 mL L-1 probiotic), B (4 mL L-1 probiotic), C (6 mL L-1 probiotic), and D (control, 0 mL L-1 probiotic. The results show the best dose in applying snakehead fish culture with biofloc was 4 mL L-1.
Study of the combustion process of flammable liquids in open areas and its impact on the environment
Authors: Vilokhin Sergey , Ponikarov Sergey , Ponikarov Artem
Published: November 2023

The combustion of flammable substances in an open area negatively affects the environment and environmental safety. Emissions of harmful substances, including carbon dioxide and nitrogen oxides, pollute the atmosphere, threatening air quality and contributing to the greenhouse effect. Combustion of flammable liquids also entails contamination of soil and water resources, with a negative impact on the natural environment. Fires and accidents are associated with threats to the environment and society. Studies of the dynamics of the combustion temperature of flammable liquids have identified three main stages: flame propagation, combustion during evaporation of the liquid, and combustion during boiling of the liquid. The experimental data obtained have the potential for environmental assessment and improvement of models that predict emissions parameters and their impact on natural ecosystems, and calculations of heat flows that have a detrimental effect on the environment. These data can also be used to estimate the heat flux generated by the combustion of hydrocarbons in open air, a key parameter for environmental impact assessment. Research has made significant contributions to the field of environmental safety, helping to reduce risks to ecosystems and reduce negative impacts on the environment.
Environmental aspects of subsurface irrigation and development of a mathematical model of a double-circuit solar heating system
Authors: Tyemurkhanov A.T. , Tovarnyx G.N. , Utaev S.A.
Published: November 2023

This article discusses the method of subsurface irrigation of agricultural crops. A technological system for subsoil irrigation has been developed using an industrial base for the production of perforated polyethylene pipes of small diameter. In the first moments of water supply for irrigation, when the soil has low initial moisture, the flow through the perforations is maximum. This leads to an intensive increase in the humidification circuit. As the water flow stabilizes, the increase in the size of the circuit in the horizontal and vertical directions practically stops, and further deformation of the humidification circuit occurs mainly due to gravitational forces. When the hydrostatic head at the entrance to the subsurface irrigation system increases above 70 cm, the spread of moisture in the soil in the horizontal and vertical directions increases slightly, but this can lead to the danger of soil destruction and water wedging out on the soil surface. A mathematical model of thermohydraulic processes in a thermosiphon system designed for watering the cultivation layer in solar greenhouses during the cold season according to the subsoil irrigation scheme has been developed. The dynamics equations of all functional blocks were taken into account in accordance with the accepted assumptions.
Placement, construction and operation of local drainage systems on land plots provided for individual housing construction
Authors: Chugunov Alexander , Ol Ekaterina , Matyusheva Nadezhda , Voinash Sergey , Kiyamov Ilgam , Sabitov Linar
Published: November 2023

The article highlights the problems of improving technical and legal regulation in the field of placement, construction and operation of decentralized drainage systems on land plots provided for individual housing construction. The authors point out the need to improve regulation in the field of organization and use of autonomous wastewater disposal systems within the framework of two main directions – organizational and technical and legal. As part of the organizational direction of problem solving, the authors point out the need to ensure the coordinated development of settlements by ensuring the design and construction of new central sewer networks and reconstruction of existing ones. Improvement in the technical and legal sphere is aimed at optimizing technical and legal norms, in terms of amendments to the current legislation and modernization of technical and legal norms - standards (sets of rules).
Modeling residual moisture content of leather
Authors: Bahadirov Gayrat , Aliboev Kakhramon , Xaydarov Shamsiddin
Published: November 2023

The study is devoted to the analytical description of the residual moisture of leather (semi-finished leather product after dyeing) taking into account the deformation and filtration properties of the semi-finished leather product at this stage. Mathematical models of changes in the removed fluid, hydraulic pressure in the area of leather squeezing, and residual moisture content are determined. The study of the squeezing process based on these models makes it possible to determine with sufficient accuracy the appropriate parameters for roller squeezing of leather, necessary for the rational design and operation of squeezing machines. A condition was established for obtaining minimum residual moisture during roller squeezing, which allows for an increase in the efficiency of roller squeezing of leather.
Physico-chemical analysis of oil emulsions
Authors: Slashchinin Dmitry , Luneva Tatyana , Kovaleva Maria
Published: November 2023

The article is devoted to the study of the separation of water-oil emulsions. Most of the existing fields are at the final stage of development, which is characterized by an increase in the water cut of the extracted oil fraction. In the presence of highly stable “old” trap oils, separation methods with demulsifiers are used to increase the efficiency and reliability of their dehydration processes. Demulsifiers of a nonionic nature are currently most widely used. The work assessed the effectiveness of three demulsifiers that comply with state sanitary and epidemiological rules and regulations: Emalsatron R2601-A, Khimtekhno-527, SNPKH-4114. The demulsifiers studied have successfully passed tests and can be recommended for industrial use, as they have a number of advantages.
Modeling the water filtration rate during the process of squeezing leather
Authors: Khurramov Shavkat , Bektoshev Kuvondar , Jonkobilov Jakhongir
Published: November 2023

Mathematical models of changes in the rate of water filtration during the process of roller squeezing of leather were determined. It was revealed that the graphs of the mathematical models obtained correspond to experimental diagrams obtained by squeezing various wet materials. From the point of view of water motion, the roll contact zone (a squeezing area) is divided into four sections (phases). It was revealed that the filtration rate in the first two sections of the roll contact zone increases from an initial negative value to a maximum positive value, and in the last two sections of the roll contact zone, it decreases from a maximum value to a certain negative value.
Digitalization of process management in the agro-industrial complex
Authors: Mavzovin Vladimir , Klevanskiy Nikolay , Scherbakov Alexander , Ilyasov Talgat , Safin Airat , Sokolova Viktoriia
Published: November 2023

The article is devoted to the consideration of the current problem of developing heuristic approaches in operational scheduling of production processes. The purpose of the study is related to the development of methods and algorithms for generating schedules for an arbitrary number of request vectors. The problem was formulated and formalized using scheduling schemes and priority rules. For numerical experimentation, a model of a program for generating a railway schedule and a test task were developed, including 4573 applications for weekly schedules of a railway network containing 100 stations, 128 hauls between stations, 100 passenger routes of different frequencies, 471 trains per week. The developed program model, in addition to carrying out calculations using the presented algorithms, visualizes the results of numerical experimentation in the form of spiral representations of station and haul schedules. The performance of the developed methods and algorithms has been confirmed. Conclusions and discussion of the study results are presented.
Electro-optical modulator based on photonic crystals on innovative thin films LiNbO3
Authors: Grosjean Lucas , Zinaoui Aiman , Khouri Martin , Queste Samuel , Suarez Miguel , Courjal Nadège , Baida Fadi , Bernal Maria-Pilar
Published: November 2023

We report on the design and the realization of an electro-optic modulator based on photonic crystals in a thin film lithium niobate (LiNbO3). The device has been numerically optimized using an adjoint method to allow the modulation of either a TE or a TM mode. The fabrication relies on an alternative fabrication platform compared to commercial thin film layers.
Rôle du métabolisme cellulaire dans le contrôle des hépatites virales chroniques
Authors: Diaz Olivier , Legrand Anne-Flore , El-Orch Walid , Jacolin Florentine , Lotteau Vincent , Ramière Christophe , Vidalain Pierre-Olivier , Perrin-Cocon Laure
Published: November 2023

Les virus des hépatites modifient le métabolisme cellulaire des hépatocytes en interagissant avec des enzymes spécifiques, telles que la glucokinase. Les changements métaboliques induits par les virus peuvent avoir un impact direct sur la réponse antivirale innée. Les interactions complexes entre les composants viraux, l’immunité innée et le métabolisme des hépatocytes expliquent pourquoi les infections hépatiques chroniques conduisent à l’inflammation du foie, évoluant vers la cirrhose, la fibrose et le carcinome hépatocellulaire. Des régulateurs du métabolisme pourraient être utilisés dans des thérapies innovantes pour priver les virus de métabolites clés et induire une défense antivirale.
Evaluation of Outcome Measures of Zone V Flexor Tendon Injury: A Systematic Review
Authors: Cardoz Lobo Iris , Manek Sonali , Bhosale Krutika , Verma Chhaya , Devale Maksud , Parekh Aditi , Kerketta Priyanka
Published: November 2023

Background Flexor tendon injury zone V is a multicomponent soft tissue injury involving tendons, nerves, and vessels. Outcome assessment of repair thus requires evaluation of the hand as a whole rather than solely evaluating tendon function. The purpose of this Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses -compliant systematic review was to identify and assess the components of outcome measures used in flexor zone V.

Methods A total of 3,761 studies were retrieved from four databases (PubMed, ProQuest, Cochrane Central, and Google Scholar). These studies were then screened for inclusion using a validated screening form. Fifteen articles fulfilling the eligibility criteria were included in the review. Subsequently, the included studies were assessed for methodological quality using the Joanna Brigg Institute tool.

Results Out of the 15 studies, 11 were case series, 3 were cross-sectional studies, and 1 was a randomized controlled trial. Out of 15 included studies, 13 were of low risk, whereas 2 studies suggested moderate risk when assessed for methodological quality using the Joanna Brigg Institute tool. Eight outcome measures were identified, out of which the most frequently used were Total Active Motion by the American Society for Surgery of Hand (TAM-ASSH) and Noaman's criteria. Our study found that Noaman's criteria assessed sensory-motor function and finger deformity in addition to the range of motion (ROM), which was found to be assessed by all the other outcome measures.

Conclusion We concluded that although Buck-Gramcko criteria is well suited for the ROM evaluation, Noaman's criteria, a recently developed outcome measure used exclusively for combined injuries in zone V, took into consideration the implications of nerve injury along with tendon function. Although being specifically designed for combined injuries of tendons, nerves, and vessels in zone V, there is a lack of usage of Noaman's in the literature. There still exists a lack of a consistent and appropriate choice of outcome measure.
Influence of 0.1–10 MeV neutron-induced SEUs on estimation of terrestrial SER in a nano-scale SRAM
Authors: Qi Chao , Bai Xiaoyan , Jin Xiaoming , Chen Wei , Li Ruibin , Liu Yan , Wang Chenhui , Liu Weijian
Published: November 2023

The impact of 0.1–10 MeV neutron-induced single-event upsets (NSEUs) on terrestrial SER (soft error rate) prediction is analyzed for several broad spectrum neutron sources based on 0.1–200 MeV NSEU energetic-dependent cross-sectional data of a 40 nm SRAM. The results show that for test facilities with abundant <10 MeV neutrons, such as ISIS ChipIR, J-PARC BL10, CSNS Back-n, and CSNS BL09, the terrestrial SER is overestimated. The overestimation could reach 78%–287%. By reducing the cutoff energy (Emin) from 10 to 6 MeV, the overestimation can be decreased. However, the overestimation can still reach up to 164% in this case, significantly larger than the results reported by previous studies. By analyzing the contribution of neutrons in different energy bins to NSEUs, the discrepancy is proved to be attributed to the sensitivity of NSEUs to 0.1–1 MeV neutrons, along with the overpopulation of 0.1–1 MeV neutrons for certain test facilities, such as ISIS ChipIR and CSNS BL09. Therefore, it is necessary to take 0.1–1 MeV NSEU sensitivity into account when studying the prediction method using broad spectrum neutron sources.
SDH as a pedagogical tool
Authors: Tinedo Rodríguez Antonio Jesús , Frumuselu Anca Daniela
Published: November 2023

Audiovisual products have gained ground in the last few decades, becoming a crucial part of our life nowadays. This research paper was carried out as part of the piloting phase of the TRADILEX project, which stands for Audiovisual Translation as a Didactic Resource in Foreign Language Education. The study aims to foster awareness on media accessibility through the application of Subtitling for the Deaf and the Hard of Hearing (SDH) as a didactic resource to explore its pedagogical potential in the English as a Foreign Language (EFL) classroom. A set of six SDH-based lesson plans were designed and implemented for students to develop their integrated language skills and to foster their equity, diversity, and inclusion awareness, with a special focus on accessibility. The Initial Test of Integrated Skills (ITIS) and the Final Test of Integrated Skills (FITIS) were designed within the framework of the TRADILEX project and used to measure the development of each participant’s language skills together with qualitative ad hoc questionnaires to gather their impressions about the intervention. Results show that participants have improved both their foreign language and subtitling skills, and gained more awareness regarding equity, diversity, and inclusion (EDI) issues. Thus, the current study stands as a proof for the potential of Didactic Audiovisual Translation (DAT) to develop both EFL and personal skills, which are crucial for the 21st century language education.
A Possible Quantum Spin Liquid Phase in the Kitaev–Hubbard Model
Authors: Dong Shaojun , Zhang Hao , Wang Chao , Zhang Meng , Han Yong-Jian , He Lixin
Published: November 2023

The quantum spin liquid (QSL) state of Kitaev-like materials, such as iridium oxides A
2IrO3 and α-RuCl3, has been explored in depth. The half-filled Kitaev–Hubbard model with bond-dependent hopping terms is used to describe the Kitaev-like materials, which is calculated using the state-of-the-art fermionic projected entangled pair states method. We find a QSL phase near the Mott insulator transition, which has a strong first-order transition to the semi-metal phase with the decrease of Hubbard U. We suggest that a promising approach to finding QSL states is by finding iridium oxides that are near the Mott insulator transition.
A physical point of view on the arithmetic and geometric mean inequality
Authors: Modestino M , De Luca R , Faella O
Published: November 2023

We propose a simple experiment designed to justify the arithmetic and geometric mean inequality by means of the laws of thermodynamics. The experiment consists in measuring the entropy variation

Δ
S

in the thermodynamic irreversible process of cooling a metal in water. By considering the metal and water as a single isolated system, the arithmetic and geometric theorem is seen to hold by noticing that

Δ
S

is positive for this irreversible transformation. These interdisciplinary activities may be used to reinforce basic concepts in thermodynamics in high school or first-year college students.
On the influence of humidity on the breakdown strength of air—with a case study on the PDIV of contacting enameled wire pairs
Authors: Färber R , Šefl O , Franck C M
Published: November 2023

The partial discharge inception voltage (PDIV) in contacting enameled wire pairs exhibits a marked decrease with increased air humidity. While existing literature mentions several potential mechanisms for this reduction, a comprehensive quantitative assessment of the associated effects is lacking. This research paper addresses this knowledge gap by providing a quantitative estimation of the combined impact of water on the gas’s ionization yield (effective ionization coefficient) and the modification of the gap electric field caused by water absorption into the bulk of the insulating coating and the associated microscopic and macroscopic polarization processes (dielectric permittivity). However, a comparison of the theoretical predictions with experimental data reveals that these factors alone cannot fully account for the observed reduction in PDIV. Therefore, the study explores additional mechanisms mentioned in the literature, with particular focus on the development of a semi-conductive layer on the insulation coating in humid atmospheres. The numerical simulations of the surface charge dynamics within this layer suggests that the frequency-dependent decrease in PDIV under high-humidity atmospheres can indeed be attributed to the modification of the gap electric field due to the accumulation of surface charge in the semi-conductive layer.
A bearing fault detection and remaining useful life prediction method based on a multi-branch residual feature fusion mechanism and optimized weight allocation
Authors: Yao Yiran , Liang Tao , Tan Jianxin , Jing Yanwei
Published: November 2023

Within the context of rapidly progressing industrial sectors, rolling bearings have become a fundamental component across an array of mechanical systems. Their fault detection and remaining useful life (RUL) estimations are vital for ensuring industrial production safety. Yet, the understated characteristics of early-stage, minor faults in bearing degradation often escape detection. Additionally, numerous existing networks overlook the critical information embedded in multi-scale features, consequently diminishing the accuracy of predictions and classifications. The present study proposes MM-InfoGAN (multi-branch residual feature fusion and multi-objective optimization information maximization generative adversarial network), an innovative approach for intelligent fault detection and RUL prediction to address these issues. MM-InfoGAN augments the network’s ability to extract bearing fault characteristics and RUL data, employing a multi-branch residual feature fusion network structure coupled with an attention mechanism. Moreover, it refines the weight allocation strategy for geometric loss and introduces a novel loss function. This function optimizes weight distribution during the GAN’s training phase, expediting the attainment of network equilibrium. The efficacy of the comprehensive MM-InfoGAN model and its integrated modules was substantiated through comparative and ablation experiments conducted on the XJTU-SY dataset and IMS Bearing dataset.
Research on parking space detection algorithm in complex environments based on improved YOLOv7
Authors: Wang Wanqi , Zhang Wei , Zhang Hong , Zhang Anyu
Published: November 2023

In the context of complex parking environments, vehicle parking space detection faces challenges such as multi-scale, multi-angle, and occlusion issues, leading to low detection efficiency and problems with false positives and false negatives. In this study, we propose an improved vehicle parking space detection algorithm based on YOLOv7. Firstly, we enhance the convolutional layers by introducing the Mish activation function, thereby improving the model’s feature extraction capabilities and its ability to represent objects effectively. Secondly, we combine the parameter-free attention mechanism SimAM with feature pyramid modules and feature extraction modules to replace certain convolutional layers, thereby enhancing the reinforcement of critical parking space information and adaptability to variations in target scale. Finally, we replace the nearest-neighbor interpolation in the upsampling section with the lightweight operator CARAFE, effectively extracting parking space feature information and enhancing the algorithm’s feature fusion capabilities. Through ablation experiments and comparative trials on publicly available parking space datasets, our improved YOLOv7 algorithm achieves an mAP of 78.7%. Compared to the original algorithm, it demonstrates a 1.5% improvement in detection performance and a 5.6% increase in recall rate. These enhancements significantly improve parking space detection in complex environments, addressing issues such as false positives and false negatives, thereby meeting the performance requirements of parking space detection in parking lots.
Motion of a sphere in a viscous fluid under controlled acceleration
Authors: Singh Mamraj , Puri Dinesh , Jakhar Narendra
Published: November 2023

This study focuses on an experiment to measure the terminal velocity of a small solid spherical ball that falls vertically inside liquid columns at different simulated gravitational accelerations (a
g). The experiment utilized Atwood’s machine to simulate the gravitational acceleration, allowing for the investigation of the relationship between gravitational acceleration and terminal velocity. The success of the experiment in aligning with theoretical predictions enhances our understanding of the underlying principles and supports student education in this area of study.
Geometry effects on energy selective focusing of laser-driven protons with open and closed hemisphere-cone targets
Authors: King M , Higginson A , McGuffey C , Wilson R , Schaumann G , Hodge T , Ohland J B , Gales S , Hill M P , Pitt S F , Spindloe C , Danson C N , Wei M S , Beg F N , Roth M , Neely D , Gray R J , McKenna P
Published: November 2023

Relativistically intense laser light interacting with solid density targets can accelerate protons to multi-MeV energies via the target normal sheath acceleration process. The use of hollow hemisphere targets with a hollow conical region to focus protons of selected energies, for applications such as isochoric heating of matter and for the fast ignition approach to inertial confinement fusion, is explored for laser intensity

∼

10

20

Wcm−2. Specifically, the effects of having the cone tip open or closed is investigated experimentally and via a programme of scaled particle-in-cell simulations. The open cone configuration is found to result in proton focusing in the energy range of 9 to 24 MeV, and produce an annular profile for higher energy components, up to 55 MeV, while the spatial distribution of lower energy components remains unchanged. By contrast, for the closed cone case, the focusing effect is diminished by the fields present on the inner wall of the cone tip. Simulations reveal that strong electrostatic and magnetic fields present on the inner surfaces of the target induce the focusing effect with the open cone, but also result in proton divergence in the case of the closed cone. Additionally, the simulations demonstrate the possibility to tailor the cone geometry to select the energy range over which the focusing occurs.