bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mechanocaloric effects in shape memory alloys
Authors: Mañosa Lluís , Planes Antoni
Published: July 2016

Shape memory alloys (SMA) are a class of ferroic materials which undergo a structural (martensitic) transition where the associated ferroic property is a lattice distortion (strain). The sensitiveness of the transition to the conjugated external field (stress), together with the latent heat of the transition, gives rise to giant mechanocaloric effects. In non-magnetic SMA, the lattice distortion is mostly described by a pure shear and the martensitic transition in this family of alloys is strongly affected by uniaxial stress, whereas it is basically insensitive to hydrostatic pressure. As a result, non-magnetic alloys exhibit giant elastocaloric effects but negligible barocaloric effects. By contrast, in a number of magnetic SMA, the lattice distortion at the martensitic transition involves a volume change in addition to the shear strain. Those alloys are affected by both uniaxial stress and hydrostatic pressure and they exhibit giant elastocaloric and barocaloric effects. The paper aims at providing a critical survey of available experimental data on elastocaloric and barocaloric effects in magnetic and non-magnetic SMA.

This article is part of the themed issue ‘Taking the temperature of phase transitions in cool materials’.
Manipulating virulence factor availability can have complex consequences for infections
Authors: Weigert Michael , Ross-Gillespie Adin , Leinweber Anne , Pessi Gabriella , Brown Sam P. , Kümmerli Rolf
Published: July 2016

Given the rise of bacterial resistance against antibiotics, we urgently need alternative strategies to fight infections. Some propose we should disarm rather than kill bacteria, through targeted disruption of their virulence factors. It is assumed that this approach (i) induces weak selection for resistance because it should only minimally impact bacterial fitness, and (ii) is specific, only interfering with the virulence factor in question. Given that pathogenicity emerges from complex interactions between pathogens, hosts, and their environment, such assumptions may be unrealistic. To address this issue in a test case, we conducted experiments with the opportunistic human pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa, where we manipulated the availability of a virulence factor, the iron-scavenging pyoverdine, within the insect host Galleria mellonella. We observed that pyoverdine availability was not stringently predictive of virulence, and affected bacterial fitness in non-linear ways. We show that this complexity could partly arise because pyoverdine availability affects host responses and alters the expression of regulatorily linked virulence factors. Our results reveal that virulence-factor manipulation feeds back on pathogen and host behavior, which in turn affects virulence. Our findings highlight that realizing effective and evolutionarily robust anti-virulence therapies will ultimately require deeper engagement with the intrinsic complexity of host-pathogen systems.
Toward defining deep brain stimulation targets in MNI space: A subcortical atlas based on multimodal MRI, histology and structural connectivity
Authors: Ewert Siobhan , Plettig Philip , Chakravarty M. Mallar , Kühn Andrea , Horn Andreas
Published: July 2016

Three-dimensional atlases of subcortical brain structures are valuable tools to reference anatomy in neuroscience and neurology. In the special case of deep brain stimulation (DBS), the three most common targets are the subthalamic nucleus (STN), the internal part of the pallidum (GPi) and the ventral intermediate nucleus of the thalamus (VIM). With the help of atlases that define the position and shape of these target regions within a well-defined stereotactic space, their spatial relationship to implanted deep brain stimulation (DBS) electrodes may be determined.

Here we present a composite atlas based on manual segmentations of a multi-modal high-resolution MNI template series, histology and structural connectivity. To attain exact congruence to the template anatomy, key structures were defined using all four modalities of the template simultaneously. In a first step tissue probability maps were defined based on the multimodal intensity profile of each structure. These observer-independent probability maps provided an excellent basis for the subsequent manual segmentation particularly when defining the outline of the target regions.

Second, the key structures were used as an anchor point to coregister a histology based atlas into standard space. Finally, a sub-segmentation of the subthalamic nucleus into three functional zones was estimated based on structural connectivity. The resulting composite atlas uses the spatial information of the MNI template for DBS key structures that are visible on the template itself. For remaining structures, it relies on histology or structural connectivity. In this way the final atlas combines the anatomical detail of a histology based atlas with the spatial accuracy of key structures in relationship to the template anatomy. Thus, the atlas provides an ideal tool for the analysis of DBS electrode placement.

Highlights:

Composite subcortical atlas based on a multimodal, high definition MNI template series, histology and tractography

High definition atlas of DBS targets exactly matching MNI 152 NLIN 2009b space

Multimodal subcortical segmentation algorithm applied to MNI template
Modeling the dynamics of mouse iron body distribution: hepcidin is necessary but not sufficient
Authors: Parmar Jignesh H. , Davis Grey , Shevchuk Hope , Mendes Pedro
Published: July 2016

Background

Iron is an essential element of most living organisms but is a dangerous substance when poorly liganded in solution. The hormone hepcidin regulates the export of iron from tissues to the plasma contributing to iron homeostasis and also restricting its availability to infectious agents. Disruption of iron regulation in mammals leads to disorders such as anemia and hemochromatosis, and contributes to the etiology of several other diseases such as cancer and neurodegenerative diseases. Here we test the hypothesis that hepcidin alone is able to regulate iron distribution in different dietary regimes in the mouse using a computational model of iron distribution calibrated with radioiron tracer data.

Results

A model was developed and calibrated to the data from adequate iron diet, which was able to simulate the iron distribution under a low iron diet. However simulation of high iron diet shows considerable deviations from the experimental data. Namely the model predicts more iron in red blood cells and less iron in the liver than what was observed in experiments.

Conclusions

These results suggest that hepcidin alone is not sufficient to regulate iron homeostasis in high iron conditions and that other factors are important. The model was able to simulate anemia when hepcidin was increased but was unable to simulate hemochromatosis when hepcidin was suppressed, suggesting that in high iron conditions additional regulatory interactions are important.
RNA-seq mixology: designing realistic control experiments to compare protocols and analysis methods
Authors: Holik Aliaksei Z. , Law Charity W. , Liu Ruijie , Wang Zeya , Wang Wenyi , Ahn Jaeil , Asselin-Labat Marie-Liesse , Smyth Gordon K. , Ritchie Matthew E.
Published: July 2016

Carefully designed control experiments provide a gold standard for benchmarking different genomics research tools. A shortcoming of many gene expression control studies is that replication involves profiling the same reference RNA sample multiple times. This leads to low, pure technical noise that is atypical of regular studies. To achieve a more realistic noise structure, we generated a RNA-sequencing mixture experiment using two cell lines of the same cancer type. Variability was added by extracting RNA from independent cell cultures and degrading particular samples. The systematic gene expression changes induced by this design allowed benchmarking of different library preparation kits (standard poly-A versus total RNA with Ribozero depletion) and analysis pipelines. Data generated using the total RNA kit had more signal for introns and various RNA classes (ncRNA, snRNA, snoRNA) and less variability after degradation. For differential expression analysis, voom with quality weights marginally outperformed other popular methods, while for differential splicing, DEXSeq was simultaneously the most sensitive and the most inconsistent method. For sample deconvolution analysis, DeMix outperformed IsoPure convincingly. Our RNA-sequencing dataset provides a valuable resource for benchmarking different protocols and data pre-processing workflows. The extra noise mimics routine lab experiments more closely, ensuring any conclusions are widely applicable.
The C2H2-ZF transcription factor Zfp335 recognizes two consensus motifs using separate zinc finger arrays
Authors: Han Brenda Yuyuan , Foo Chuan-Sheng , Wu Shuang , Cyster Jason G.
Published: July 2016

The complexities of DNA recognition by transcription factors (TFs) with multiple Cys2–His2 zinc fingers (C2H2-ZFs) remain poorly studied. We previously reported a mutation (R1092W) in the C2H2-ZF TF Zfp335 that led to selective loss of binding at a subset of targets, although the basis for this effect was unclear. We show that Zfp335 binds DNA and drives transcription via recognition of two distinct consensus motifs by separate ZF clusters and identify the specific motif interaction disrupted by R1092W. Our work presents Zfp335 as a model for understanding how C2H2-ZF TFs may use multiple recognition motifs to control gene expression.
Mitosis-associated repression in development
Authors: Esposito Emilia , Lim Bomyi , Guessous Ghita , Falahati Hanieh , Levine Michael
Published: July 2016

Transcriptional repression is a pervasive feature of animal development. Here, we employ live-imaging methods to visualize the Snail repressor, which establishes the boundary between the presumptive mesoderm and neurogenic ectoderm of early Drosophila embryos. Snail target enhancers were attached to an MS2 reporter gene, permitting detection of nascent transcripts in living embryos. The transgenes exhibit initially broad patterns of transcription but are refined by repression in the mesoderm following mitosis. These observations reveal a correlation between mitotic silencing and Snail repression. We propose that mitosis and other inherent discontinuities in transcription boost the activities of sequence-specific repressors, such as Snail.
Evolution of a FLT3-TKD mutated subclone at meningeal relapse in acute promyelocytic leukemia
Authors: Bochtler Tilmann , Fröhling Stefan , Weichert Wilko , Endris Volker , Thiede Christian , Hutter Barbara , Hundemer Michael , Ho Anthony D. , Krämer Alwin
Published: July 2016

Here, we report the case of an acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) patient who—although negative for FLT3 mutations at diagnosis—developed isolated FLT3 tyrosine kinase II domain (FLT3-TKD)-positive meningeal relapse, which, in retrospect, could be traced back to a minute bone marrow subclone present at first diagnosis. Initially, the 48-yr-old female diagnosed with high-risk APL had achieved complete molecular remission after standard treatment with all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) and chemotherapy according to the AIDA (ATRA plus idarubicin) protocol. Thirteen months after the start of ATRA maintenance, the patient suffered clinically overt meningeal relapse along with minute molecular traces of PML/RARA (promyelocytic leukemia/retinoic acid receptor alpha) in the bone marrow. Following treatment with arsenic trioxide and ATRA in combination with intrathecal cytarabine and methotrexate, the patient achieved a complete molecular remission in both cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and bone marrow, which currently lasts for 2 yr after completion of therapy. Whole-exome sequencing and subsequent ultradeep targeted resequencing revealed a heterozygous FLT3-TKD mutation in CSF leukemic cells (p.D835Y, c.2503G>T, 1000/1961 reads [51%]), which was undetectable in the concurrent bone marrow sample. Interestingly, the FLT3-TKD mutated meningeal clone originated from a small bone marrow subclone present in a variant allele frequency of 0.4% (6/1553 reads) at initial diagnosis. This case highlights the concept of clonal evolution with a subclone harboring an additional mutation being selected as the “fittest” and leading to meningeal relapse. It also further supports earlier suggestions that FLT3 mutations may play a role for migration and clonal expansion in the CSF sanctuary site.
Different acid–base behaviour of a pyrazole and an isoxazole with organic acids: crystal and molecular structures of the salt 3-(4-fluorophenyl)-1H-pyrazolium 2,4,6-trinitrophenolate and of the cocrystal 4-amino-N-(3,4-dimethyl-1,2-oxazol-5-yl)benzenesulfonamide–3,5-dinitrobenzoic acid (1/1)
Authors: Girisha Marisiddaiah , Yathirajan Hemmige S. , Jasinski Jerry P. , Glidewell Christopher
Published: July 2016

Pyrazole and isoxazole rings differ only in the notional replacement of a potential hydrogen-bond-donor NH unit in pyrazole by a potential hydrogen-bond-acceptor O atom in isoxazole. It is thus of interest to compare the hydrogen-bonding characteristics of these rings. (4-Fluorophenyl)pyrazole undergoes protonation in the presence of 2,4,6-trinitrophenol to yield the salt 3-(4-fluorophenyl)-1H-pyrazolium 2,4,6-trinitrophenolate, C9H8FN2+·C6H2N3O7−, (I), whereas there is no proton transfer between 4-amino-N-(3,4-dimethyl-1,2-oxazol-5-yl)benzenesulfonamide and 3,5-dinitrobenzoic acid, whose reaction gives the 1:1 cocrystal, C11H13N3O3S·C7H4N2O6, (II). The bond lengths in salt (I) provide evidence for aromatic-type delocalization in the pyrazolium ring and for extensive delocalization of the negative charge into the ring of the trinitrophenolate anion. The O atoms of one of the nitro groups in the trinitrophenolate anion are disordered over two sets of atomic sites having occupancies of 0.571 (6) and 0.429 (6), but all of the other substituents on the carbocyclic rings are fully ordered. The ions in salt (I) are linked by an extensive series of N—H...O hydrogen bonds to form a three-dimensional framework structure, and in cocrystal (II), the molecular components are linked by a combination of O—H...N and N—H...O hydrogen bonds to form complex bilayers. Comparisons are made with some related compounds.
Synthesis, crystal structure and charge-distribution validation of β-Na4Cu(MoO4)3adopting the alluadite structure-type
Authors: Dridi Wassim , Zid Mohamed Faouzi
Published: July 2016

Single crystals of a new variety of tetrasodium copper(II) tris[molybdate(VI)], Na4Cu(MoO4)3, have been synthesized by solid-state reactions and characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. This alluaudite structure-type is characterized by the presence of infinite layers of composition (Cu/Na)2Mo3O14parallel to the (100) plane, which are linked by MoO4tetrahedra, forming a three-dimensional framework containing two types of hexagonal channels in which Na+cations reside. The Cu2+and Na2+cations are located at the same general site with occupancies of 0.5. All atoms are on general positions except for one Mo, two Na (site symmetry 2) and another Na (site symmetry -1) atom. One O atom is split into two separate positions with occupancies of 0.5. The title compound is isotypic with Na5Sc(MoO4)4and Na3In2As3O12. The structure model is supported by bond-valence-sum (BVS) and charge-distribution CHARDI methods. β-Na4Cu(MoO4)3is compared and discussed with the K4Cu(MoO4)3and α-Na4Cu(MoO4)3structures.
Crystal structure of (1S,2S,2′R,3a′S,5R)-2′-[(5-bromo-1H-indol-3-yl)methyl]-2-isopropyl-5,5′-dimethyldihydro-2′H-spiro[cyclohexane-1,6′-imidazo[1,5-b]isoxazol]-4′(5′H)-one
Authors: Ghannay Siwar , Brahmi Jihed , Nasri Soumaya , Aouadi Kaïss , Jeanneau Erwann , Msaddek Moncef
Published: July 2016

In the title compound, C24H32BrN3O2, the six-membered cyclohexane ring adopts a chair conformation and the isoxasolidine ring adopts a twisted conformation. The molecule has five chiral centres and the absolute configuration has been determined in this analysis. The molecular structure is stabilized by weak intramolecular C—H...O and C—H...N contacts. In the crystal, molecules are linked by N—H...N and C—H...O hydrogen bonds, forming undulating sheets parallel to thebcplane.
Di-μ-bromido-bis[bromido(4,4′-dihydroxy-2,2′-bipyridine-κ2N,N′)copper(II)]
Authors: Rodriguez-Santiago Alan J , Acosta Carlos , Raptis Raphael G
Published: July 2016

The molecules of the title compound, [Cu2Br4(C10H8N2O2)2], are centrosymmetric dimers. The CuIIatom exhibits a distorted square-pyramidal coordination geometry, with two bridging bromide ligands and the N atoms of the 4,4′-dihydroxy-2,2′-bipyridine chelate in the equatorial plane. π–π stacking and hydrogen-bonding interactions of the O—H...Br, C—H...·Br and C—H...O types consolidate the crystal packing.
11β-Hydroxymedroxyprogesterone
Authors: Yusop Sharifah Nurfazilah Wan , Sultan Sadia , Yamin Bohari M. , Shah Syed Adnan Ali , Naz Humera
Published: July 2016

The title compound, C22H32O4, a fungal-transformed metabolite of medroxyprogesterone, comprises one cyclohexanone ring, two cyclohexane rings and one cyclopentane ring fused together. The cyclohexanone ring has a half-chair conformation, while the cyclohexane rings possess chair conformations and the cyclopentane ring has a twisted conformation on the fused C—C bond. In the crystal, molecules are linked by strong O—H...O and also C—H...O hydrogen bonds, creating a two-dimensional network parallel to (10-1).
Information technology and safety
Authors: Hallowell Matthew Ryan , Hardison Dylan , Desvignes Matthieu
Published: July 2016

Purpose

The architecture, engineering and construction industry is known to account for a disproportionate rate of disabling injuries and fatalities. Information technologies show promise for improving safety performance. This paper aims to describe the current state of knowledge in this domain and introduces a framework to integrate attribute-level safety risk data within existing technologies for the first time.

Design/methodology/approach

The framework is demonstrated by integrating attribute safety risk data with information retrieval, location and tracking systems, augmented reality and building information models.

Findings

Fundamental attributes of a work environment can be assigned to construction elements during design and planning. Once assigned, existing risk and predictive models can be leveraged to provide a user with objective, empirically driven feedback including quantity of safety risk, predictions of safety outcomes and clashes among incompatible attributes.

Practical implications

This framework can provide designers, planners and managers with unbiased safety feedback that increases in detail and accuracy as the project develops. Such information can support prevention through design and safety management in advanced work packaging.

Originality/value

The framework is the first to integrate empirical risk-based safety data with construction information technologies. The results provide users with insight that is unexpected, counter-intuitive or otherwise thought-provoking.
Quantitative analysis of the impact of craft worker availability on construction project safety performance
Authors: Karimi Hossein , Taylor Timothy R.B. , Goodrum Paul M. , Srinivasan Cidambi
Published: July 2016

Purpose

This paper aims to quantify the impact of craft worker shortage on construction project safety performance.

Design/methodology/approach

A database of 50 North American construction projects completed between 2001 and 2014 was compiled by taking information from a research project survey and the Construction Industry Institute Benchmarking and Metrics Database. The t-test and Mann-Whitney test were used to determine whether there was a significant difference in construction project safety performance on projects with craft worker recruiting difficulty. Poisson regression analysis was then used to examine the relationship between craft worker recruiting difficulty and Occupational Safety and Health Administration Total Number of Recordable Incident Cases per 200,000 Actual Direct Work Hours (TRIR) on construction projects.

Findings

The result showed that the TRIR distribution of a group of projects that reported craft worker recruiting difficulty tended to be higher than the TRIR distribution of a group of projects with no craft worker recruiting difficulty (p-value = 0.004). Moreover, the average TRIR of the projects that reported craft worker recruiting difficulty was more than two times the average TRIR of projects that experienced no craft recruiting difficulty (p-value = 0.035). Furthermore, the Poisson regression analysis demonstrated that there was a positive exponential relationship between craft worker recruiting difficulty and TRIR in construction projects (p-value = 0.004).

Research limitations/implications

The projects used to construct the database are heavily weighted towards industrial construction.

Practical implications

There have been significant long-term gains in construction safety within the USA. However, if recent craft shortages continue, the quantitative analyses presented herein indicate a strong possibility that more safety incidents will occur unless the shortages are reversed. Innovative construction means and methods should be developed and adopted to work in a safe manner with a less qualified workforce.

Originality/value

The Poisson regression model is the first model that quantifiably links project craft worker availability to construction project safety performance.
Physiological cost of concrete construction activities
Authors: Lee Wonil , Migliaccio Giovanni Ciro
Published: July 2016

Purpose

The purpose of this paper was to investigate the physiological cost of concrete construction activities.

Design/methodology/approach

Five concrete construction workers were recruited. The workers’ three-week heart rate (HR) data were collected in summer and autumn. In this paper, several HR indexes were used to investigate the physiological cost of work in concrete construction trades, including average working HR, relative HR and ratio of working HR to resting HR.

Findings

This paper measures how absolute and relative HRs vary throughout a workday and how working HR compares to resting HR for individual workers.

Research limitations/implications

Field observations are usually extremely difficult as researchers need to overcome a number of barriers, including employers’ resistance to perceived additional liabilities, employees’ fear that their level of activity will be reported to managers and many other practical and technical difficulties. As these challenges increase exponentially with the number of employers, subjects and sites, this study was limited to a small number of subjects all working for the same employer on the same jobsite. Still, challenges are often unpredictable and lessons learned from this study are expected to guide both our and other researchers’ continuation of this work.

Originality/value

The time effect on the physiological cost of work has not been considered in previous studies. Thus, this study is noteworthy owing to the depth of the data collected rather than the breadth of the data.
Tracking-based 3D human skeleton extraction from stereo video camera toward an on-site safety and ergonomic analysis
Authors: Liu Meiyin , Han SangUk , Lee SangHyun
Published: July 2016

Purpose

As a means of data acquisition for the situation awareness, computer vision-based motion capture technologies have increased the potential to observe and assess manual activities for the prevention of accidents and injuries in construction. This study thus aims to present a computationally efficient and robust method of human motion data capture for the on-site motion sensing and analysis.

Design/methodology/approach

This study investigated a tracking approach to three-dimensional (3D) human skeleton extraction from stereo video streams. Instead of detecting body joints on each image, the proposed method tracks locations of the body joints over all the successive frames by learning from the initialized body posture. The corresponding body joints to the ones tracked are then identified and matched on the image sequences from the other lens and reconstructed in a 3D space through triangulation to build 3D skeleton models. For validation, a lab test is conducted to evaluate the accuracy and working ranges of the proposed method, respectively.

Findings

Results of the test reveal that the tracking approach produces accurate outcomes at a distance, with nearly real-time computational processing, and can be potentially used for site data collection. Thus, the proposed approach has a potential for various field analyses for construction workers’ safety and ergonomics.

Originality/value

Recently, motion capture technologies have rapidly been developed and studied in construction. However, existing sensing technologies are not yet readily applicable to construction environments. This study explores two smartphones as stereo cameras as a potentially suitable means of data collection in construction for the less operational constrains (e.g. no on-body sensor required, less sensitivity to sunlight, and flexible ranges of operations).
The Rosarium Project
Authors: Tryon Julia Rachel
Published: July 2016

Purpose

This paper aims to describe the Rosarium Project, a digital humanities project being undertaken at the Phillips Memorial Library + Commons of Providence College in Providence, Rhode Island. The project focuses on a collection of English language non-fiction writings about the genus Rosa. The collection will comprise books, pamphlets, catalogs and articles from popular magazines, scholarly journals and newspapers written on the rose published before 1923. The source material is being encoded using the Text Encoding Initiative (TEI) Consortium’s P5 guidelines and the extensible markup language (XML) editor software .

Design/methodology/approach

This paper outlines the Rosarium Project and describes its workflow. This paper demonstrates how to create TEI-encoded files for digital curation using the XML editing software  and the TEI Archiving Publishing and Access Service (TAPAS) Project. The paper provides information on the purpose, scope, audience and phases of the project. It also identifies the resources – hardware, software and membership – needed for undertaking such a project.

Findings

This paper shows how straightforward it is to encode transcriptions of primary sources using the TEI and XML editing software and to make the resulting digital resources available on the Web.

Originality/value

This paper presents a case study of how a research project transitioned from traditional printed bibliography to a web-accessible resource by capitalizing on the tools in the TEI toolkit using specialized XML editing software. The details of the project can be a guide for librarians and researchers contemplating digitally curating primary resources and making them available on the Web.
Organizational considerations initiating a big data and analytics implementation
Authors: Cervone H. Frank
Published: July 2016

Purpose

Organizations are beginning to realize the potential benefits of big data and harnessing all of the data they are creating. However, a major impediment for many organizations is understanding where to start in big data and analytics implementation. In many respects, starting a successful implementation is not much different from any other project managed within the organization. The major stumbling block is knowing what questions to ask to get things going. This paper aims to help libraries and information organizations that are considering big data and analytics implementation to begin their journey by following a checklist of eight aspects to be considered in the development of a big data and analytics strategy.

Design/methodology/approach

The eight aspects to consider in big data and analytics implementation were developed using a combination of existing project management common knowledge, consultant recommendations and real-life experiences.

Findings

Organizations considering big data and analytics implementation need to explore aspects related to the data they have, what organizational problems they are trying to solve, how data governance will work in the new environment, as well as how they will define success in terms of their implementation. These are in addition to the technical issues one would normally expect in a systems implementation.

Originality/value

While there have been many articles written about the implementation of big data and analytics in organizations, most of these focus on technical issues rather than managerial and organizational concerns. In addition, none of these other articles have been from the perspective of library and information science. In this article, the focus is specifically on how information professionals may approach this problem.
Interior design as a post-disaster team partner
Authors: Boehm Sarah , Kopec Dak
Published: July 2016

Purpose

This purpose of this paper is to promote the potential for utilizing interior designers as partners on multidisciplinary teams that deal with natural disaster recovery efforts. Interior design, an often-misunderstood profession, focuses on the health, safety and welfare of all who utilize interior spaces. Members of this profession bring a unique and relevant perspective to design and problem-solving.

Design/methodology/approach

A self-selecting international student design call supplied the data for illustrating how interior designers’ training prepares these multifaceted professionals to practice within diverse cultural contexts to create region-specific temporary housing units.

Findings

The designs submitted indeed, demonstrated an understanding of the holistic process necessary for creating effective temporary shelters.

Research limitations/implications

A limitation of the research is that the design call involved interior design students only. A broader invitation might also solicit entries from practicing interior design professionals.

Originality/value

The acknowledgement traditionally accorded interior designers as essential contributors to multidisciplinary disaster relief teams is tenuous at best. This paper suggests that interior designers have the potential to assume an important role in disaster relief planning and shelter creation. Attention must now be directed toward promoting a universal appreciation of the relevant skills training, and holistic perspectives of interior designers.
Effect of total productive maintenance practices on manufacturing performance
Authors: Wickramasinghe GLD , Perera Asanka
Published: July 2016

Purpose

– The purpose of this paper is to investigate the effect of total productive maintenance (TPM) practices on manufacturing performance of textile and apparel manufacturing firms.

Design/methodology/approach

– A self-administered survey questionnaire was used for data collection. A total of 236 usable responses resulted in a 78 percent response rate from 30 textile and apparel firms. Correlation and regression analysis was performed using SPSS software to identify the effect of TPM on manufacturing performance.

Findings

– The results show that all the TPM practices have positive and significant relationship with manufacturing performance and significantly improve cost effectiveness, product quality, on-time delivery and volume flexibility.

Practical implications

– The study presented in this paper offers academics and practitioners a better understanding of the relationship and impact of the TPM practices on the manufacturing performances. Thus practitioners will be able to make better and more effective decisions about the implementation of TPM practices.

Originality/value

– The understanding of the effect of TPM practices on manufacturing performance is timely for labor intensive manufacturing industries such as textile and apparel since it has not been researched adequately. Therefore, findings will impact the global textile and apparel industry positively.
Bridging capability gaps in technology transfers within related offsets
Authors: Malm Anna Margaretha , Fredriksson Anna , Johansen Kerstin
Published: July 2016

Purpose

– The purpose of this paper is to explore how capability gaps can be identified and how they can be dealt with in aircraft technology transfers in future offset deals.

Design/methodology/approach

– The study is based on lessons learned as identified from three case studies of technology transfers from Saab, a Swedish aircraft manufacturing company to South Africa, the Czech Republic, and India.

Findings

– The capability gap between sender and receiver has to be dealt with on two levels: on an organizational level; and on an individual level. It is proposed that the disseminative capacity constitutes the ability to assess the capability gap between the sender and receiver, and to convert this assessment to adaptations of the product and production process to include in an industrialization process. On the individual level, the capability-raising activities were connected to employees’ knowledge, personal development plans for the transfer of explicit knowledge, as well as on-the-job training to facilitate the exchange of tacit knowledge.

Research limitations/implications

– The research is based on case studies from one company. Therefore, it is necessary to confirm the proposed propositions through new case studies in other contexts as well as through survey-based research.

Originality/value

– The paper focusses on the context of offset and reports on actual experiences from a capability perspective of technology transfers within the aircraft manufacturing area. It proposes a structured way of identifying and bridging the capability gap within such transfers.
A subject specialist-centric model for library resources management in academic libraries
Authors: Chen Mingyue , Makani Joyline , Bliemel Michael
Published: July 2016

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to analyze factors affecting decision-making on libraries’ electronic resources management under the situation of tight budgets in Canadian research universities.

Design/methodology/approach

Interview was adopted to investigate library resources management leaders’ opinions from English-speaking university members of the Group of Canadian Research University Libraries.

Findings

A comprehensive model is developed for library resources’ management. Subject specialists are the key of the model integrating marketing roles and evaluation roles.

Research limitations/implications

The main limitations of this study are the small sample size of interview candidates, which may have application limitations on other types of libraries and universities in different areas.

Practical implications

This study generates a comprehensive model based on past research, contributing to future library decision-making practices.

Originality/value

It develops a subject specialist-centric model of library resources’ value assessment and brings the element of culture into future studies of academic library.
“How will I know?” engagement with information resources
Authors: Al-Muomen Nujoud , Shaw Debora , Courtney Michael
Published: July 2016

Purpose

This paper aims to compare how undergraduates in Kuwait and Indiana Universities assess information resources for class assignments.

Design/methodology/approach

Social science majors at Kuwait University and Indiana University Bloomington completed the Project Information Literacy survey.

Findings

The students are comparable in how often they ask instructors or classmates for advice, but Kuwaitis are more likely to ask other people for assistance. Kuwaiti students generally are less critical in their evaluation of both library-based and web information resources but are more likely to consider librarian recommendations.

Research limitations/implications

Institution-specific factors that were not specifically addressed include the following: the survey was administered online in Indiana and on paper in Kuwait, and the types of course assignments and/or students’ information literacy instruction may also vary by institution.

Practical implications

Librarians should continue to present information clearly and use a variety of instructional methods so that material is accessible. Librarian recommendations and modeling of evaluative behavior can assist international students. Social media may be useful in working with these students’ more collaborative approach to assessing resources.

Originality/value

The work updates the 2010 Project Information Literacy survey on undergraduates’ evaluation of information resources for coursework. It also extends that survey to identify how students from Kuwait are different than USA undergraduates.
Dynamic modelling of solar storage system: a case study of leisure centre
Authors: Sajjadian Seyed Masoud
Published: July 2016

Purpose

– The purpose of this paper is to present the advantages of a solar store system with transpired solar air collector (TSC) in North Wales, UK. The collectors are designed as a proposal to meet the target of the solar air storage and heating project to improve the efficiency of solar collectors in the UK.

Design/methodology/approach

– IES software simulation is used to examine the potential of a solar store system in Deeside Leisure Centre compared to the traditional constant air volume (CAV) system and CAV system with heat pump. The design parameters and configurations are determined on the basis of the monitoring results gained from recent experiments.

Findings

– The result demonstrates good agreement between simulations and monitoring results and the solar store system demonstrates considerably lower energy consumption compared to the traditional CAV system with and without heat pump.

Originality/value

– The usage of TSC is proven to be useful in improving COP of the heat pumps and reducing overall energy consumption in a leisure center. The framework proposed in this study could also be applied to different building types in order to highlight their advantages.
Emission and cost effects of training for construction equipment operators
Authors: Jukic Daniel , Carmichael David G.
Published: July 2016

Purpose

– It is postulated that operator-dependent factors have a substantial impact on the fuel consumption and emissions of heavy-duty construction vehicles, such that by adopting different operator practices, savings in fuel used and lower emissions and costs can be achieved. Accordingly, the purpose of this paper is to examine the emission and cost effects of a driver-training programme aimed at fuel efficiency and construction truck operators.

Design/methodology/approach

– A study was conducted on an urban excavation involving truck-and-trailer vehicles, serviced by an excavator, over an approximately 50 km trafficked urban circuit. Field observations, before and after training, and including those on a control truck operator, gave fuel usage, emissions data, speed, travel times, routing, production and operational costs.

Findings

– Compared to baseline values, trained drivers saw a reduction in their fuel consumption by an average of 8.5 per cent, reducing to 7.7 per cent after several weeks following training. Importantly, this occurred without increased travel time or lost production.

Research limitations/implications

– The number of drivers participating in the research was dictated by the nature of the project involved. A larger sample, and research involving a closer study of braking, acceleration and gearshift behaviour, would help confirm this paper’s results and provide further insight.

Practical implications

– The paper demonstrates quantitative benefits (reduced unit emissions and reduced unit costs) associated with construction equipment operator training.

Originality/value

– The research is original, being the first related to driver training of heavy-duty construction equipment and incorporating production measurements, the first involving a study of equipment operators unaware that they were being observed, and the first involving a control.
Incidence of serum antibody titers against herpes simplex virus in Japanese patients
Authors: Miyachi Motoko , Imafuku Shinichi
Published: July 2016

Herpes simplex virus (HSV) establishes latency in the sensory neuronal ganglia after primary infection, and occasionally causes recurrent infection, mainly on the lips or genitalia. Previous reports revealed an age‐related increase in HSV‐immunoglobulin G seropositive subjects in a hospital‐based study and the general population in Japan. In this report, we retrospectively analyzed the results of serological tests against HSV, in which subjects were diagnosed with or suspected as having HSV infection. A total of 1216 subjects with at least one complement fixation (CF) result were included. Of these, 771 subjects (63.4%) were positive at first visit. When stratified by age, incidence of positive patients linearly increased with age from teenagers (44.9%) to those in their 80s (88.9%). Positivity in women was higher than in men overall; significantly higher incidence was observed in women aged in their 30s, 40s and 60s. When observing changing HSV‐CF titers over time in 81 initially negative patients, 18 (22%) seroconverted during the 2121‐day observation period. In this study, we clearly show that distribution of HSV‐CF titers is similar to previous HSV‐immunoglobulin G results. This correlation is probably caused by the continual subclinical proliferation of HSV, thus maintaining CF titers. Our observations provide current data on the incidence of HSV, reconfirming that serological examination is unreliable in diagnosing recurrent herpes, and the majority of infected subjects are asymptomatic.
Evidence of a bacterial core in the stored products pest Plodia interpunctella: the influence of different diets
Authors: Montagna Matteo , Mereghetti Valeria , Gargari Giorgio , Guglielmetti Simone , Faoro Franco , Lozzia Giuseppe , Locatelli Daria , Limonta Lidia
Published: July 2016

The potential influence of insects' feeding behaviour on their associated bacterial communities is currently a matter of debate. Using the major pest of commodities, Plodia interpunctella, as a model and adopting a culture‐independent approach, the impact of different diets on the host‐associated microbiota was evaluated. An analysis of similarity showed differences among the microbiotas of moths fed with five substrates and provided evidence that diet represents the only tested factor that explains this dissimilarity. Bacteria shared between food and insects provide evidence for a limited conveyance to the host of the bacteria derived from the diet; more likely, the content of carbohydrates and proteins in the diets promotes changes in the insect's microbiota. Moth microbiotas were characterized by two robust entomotypes, respectively, associated with a carbohydrate‐rich diet and a protein‐rich diet. These results were also confirmed by the predicted metagenome functional potential. A core microbiota, composed of six taxa, was shared between eggs and adults, regardless of the origin of the population. Finally, the identification of possible human and animal pathogens on chili and associated with the moths that feed on it highlights the possibility that these bacteria may be conveyed by moth frass.
An extracellular Zn‐only superoxide dismutase from Puccinia striiformis confers enhanced resistance to host‐derived oxidative stress
Authors: Liu Jie , Guan Tao , Zheng Peijing , Chen Liyang , Yang Yang , Huai Baoyu , Li Dan , Chang Qing , Huang Lili , Kang Zhensheng
Published: July 2016

Accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) following plant‐pathogen interactions can trigger plant defence responses and directly damage pathogens. Thus, it is essential for pathogens to scavenge host‐derived ROS to establish a parasitic relationship. However, the mechanisms protecting pathogens from host‐derived oxidative stress remain unclear. In this study, a superoxide dismutase (SOD) gene, PsSOD1, was cloned from a wheat—Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici (Pst) interaction cDNA library. Transcripts of PsSOD1 were up‐regulated in the early infection stage. Heterologous mutant complementation and biochemical characterization revealed that PsSOD1 encoded a Zn‐only SOD. The predicted signal peptide was functional in an invertase‐mutated yeast strain. Furthermore, immunoblot analysis of apoplastic proteins in Pst‐infected wheat leaves and bimolecular fluorescence complementation suggested that PsSOD1 is a secreted protein that potentially forms a dimer during Pst infection. Overexpression of PsSOD1 enhanced Schizosaccharomyces pombe resistance to exogenous superoxide. Transient expression of PsSOD1 in Nicotiana benthamiana suppressed Bax‐induced cell death. Knockdown of PsSOD1 using a host‐induced gene silencing (HIGS) system reduced the virulence of Pst, which was associated with ROS accumulation in HIGS plants. These results suggest that PsSOD1 is an important pathogenicity factor that is secreted into the host‐pathogen interface to contribute to Pst infection by scavenging host‐derived ROS.
‘Intersectionality’, Socialist Feminism and Contemporary Activism: Musings by a Second‐Wave Socialist Feminist
Authors: Gordon Linda
Published: July 2016

1970s socialist feminist theory in the USA, like older socialist feminisms, anticipated much of today's ‘intersectionality’ by recognising multiple forms of domination and refusing to rank them in importance. Today's intersectionality has gone further in incorporating LBGTQ values and in the term's use by many activist groups. That activist appropriation of an originally academic term, arising from critical legal feminism, illustrates a striking example of a feminist label moving outward, no doubt partly through women's studies programmes. At the same time, the concept, in both academic and activist usage, has drifted toward emphasising some aspects of domination while occluding others, especially economic inequality, and occasionally emphasising a pluralist, empiricist understanding of diversity that omits matters of power. This article proceeds by tracing the precursors to intersectionality in second‐wave feminism, notably its socialist feminist stream; then considering its development in academic women's/gender studies scholarship; and finally, surveying its use by activists in recent years.
Beyond ‘Crisis’ in Understanding Gender Transformation
Authors: Roberts Mary Louise
Published: July 2016

Since the late 1980s, historians have described certain eras as marked by ‘crisis’ in the production of gender norms. At the outset, the concept of ‘gender crisis’ proved useful for understanding changes in normative cultural systems. The rhetorical trope of crisis distinguished key turning points in the construction of gender and helped to shape a coherent narrative centred on moments of breakdown and reconstruction. Unfortunately, however, the concept of ‘gender crisis’ has now outlived its usefulness; it has lost its analytic purchase. This article reviews the notion in modern, American and European historiography, then critiques its usefulness as an analytic concept. ‘Gender crisis’ has been overworked to the point of semantic collapse. It has been so reified as to foreshorten analysis, and it conceptualises masculinity as a fixed set of essentialised norms. Finally, ‘gender crisis’ describes subjectivity and its relation to normative systems in overly binary and mechanistic terms. Using the case study of postwar French masculinity, the author proposes the alternative concept of ‘gender damage’ as a way to understand periods of transformation in gender. The term ‘gender damage’ moves beyond a mechanistic notion of interaction with normative systems in order to incorporate such emotions as frustration, humiliation and confusion in our thinking of human subjectivity. In addition, the term forces us to specify exactly which gender norms are being reconfigured in some way. ‘Damage’ is by nature specific and local because it does not totalise catastrophe in the same way as does ‘crisis’.