bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Reliable and accurate prediction of basic pK$$_a$$ values in nitrogen compounds: the pK$$_a$$ shift in supramolecular systems as a case study
Authors: Alcázar Jackson J. , Misad Saide Alessandra C. , Campodónico Paola R.
Published: September 2023

This article presents a quantitative structure–activity relationship (QSAR) approach for predicting the acid dissociation constant (pK

$$_a$$

a

) of nitrogenous compounds, including those within supramolecular complexes based on cucurbiturils. The model combines low-cost quantum mechanical calculations with QSAR methodology and linear regressions to achieve accurate predictions for a broad range of nitrogen-containing compounds. The model was developed using a diverse dataset of 130 nitrogenous compounds and exhibits excellent predictive performance, with a high coefficient of determination (R

$$^2$$

2

) of 0.9905, low standard error (s) of 0.3066, and high Fisher statistic (F) of 2142. The model outperforms existing methods, such as Chemaxon software and previous studies, in terms of accuracy and its ability to handle heterogeneous datasets. External validation on pharmaceutical ingredients, dyes, and supramolecular complexes based on cucurbiturils confirms the reliability of the model. To enhance usability, a script-like tool has been developed, providing a streamlined process for users to access the model. This study represents a significant advancement in pK

$$_a$$

a

prediction, offering valuable insights for drug design and supramolecular system optimization.

Graphical Abstract
Mental health among people with a migration background in Belgium over the past 20 years: how has the situation evolved?
Authors: Duveau Camille , Smith Pierre , Lorant Vincent
Published: September 2023

Background

Poor mental health is highly stigmatized and stereotyped, even more when it comes to migrant and ethnic minority groups (MEM). Belgium, which has a long history of immigration, is a good case study for analysing how the prevalence of mental illness (MI) has evolved over time and how such evolution had differed between MEM. This paper seeks to explore the prevalence of MI and potential inequalities among MEM compared to native Belgians between 1997 and 2018, shedding light on this important issue.

Methods

The data set is composed of the six cross-sectional waves of the Belgian Health Interview Survey from 1997 to 2018. The 12-item General Health Questionnaire was used to assess the average level of mental health and the prevalence of MI (score ≥ 4) among five major MEM groups in Belgium (Belgian, Moroccan, Turkish, European migrants, and non-European migrants). Multivariate logistic and linear regression models were used to assess the likelihood of having a MI in the different MEM groups and survey years. The minimal clinically important difference (MID) was also calculated for the severity of MI.

Results

After controlling for socioeconomic status, the average marginal effect indicated a decrease in mental health among Moroccans and Turks in Belgium between 1997 and 2018, compared to Belgians. This result was confirmed by the Chi²-test, which showed that Turkish (χ²=17.75, p < 0.001) and Moroccans respondents (χ²=4.19, p < 0.04) had a higher overall level of mental distress than Belgians. Furthermore, in 2018, even after adjusting for age, sex and education level, having a mother born in a non-EU country increased the risk of mental illness.

Conclusions

Mental health inequalities between migrant and ethnic groups are on the rise in Belgium. To address this issue, particular attention should be given to the Moroccan and Turkish background populations. Specific interventions and policies must be implemented to prevent the increase of psychological distress among migrants and ethnic minorities, on the one hand, and ensure that high-quality mental health care is accessible to all, regardless of ethnicity, on the other hand. Additionally, we recommend that future research on ethnic mental healthcare includes better data collection on the country of birth of respondents and their parents.
Automatic DNN architecture design using CPSOTJUTT for power system inspection
Authors: Lv Xian-Long , Chiang Hsiao-Dong , Dong Na
Published: September 2023

To quickly and accurately automatically design more high-precision deep neural network models (DNNs), this paper proposes an automatic DNN architecture design ensemble model based on consensus particle swarm optimization-assisted trajectory unified and TRUST-TECH (CPSOTJUTT), called CPSOTJUTT-EM. The proposed model is a three-layer model, and its core is a three-stage method for addressing the sensitivity of the local solver to the initial point and enabling fast and robust training DNN, effectively avoiding missing high-quality DNN models in the process of automatic DNN architecture design. CPSOTJUTT has the following advantages: (1) high-quality local optimal solutions (LOSs) and (2) robust convergence against random initialization. CPSOTJUTT-EM consists of the bottom layer: stable and fast design high-quality DNN architectures, the middle layer: exploration for a diverse set of optimal DNN classification engines, and the top layer: ensemble model for higher performance. This paper tests the performance of CPSOTJUTT-EM on public datasets and three self-made power system inspection datasets. Experimental results show that the CPSOTJUTT-EM has excellent performance in automatic DNN architecture design, DNN model optimization. And the CPSOTJUTT-EM can automatically design high-quality DNN ensemble models, laying a solid foundation for the application of DNN in other fields.
Neurofilament light chain on intensive care admission is an independent predictor of mortality in COVID-19: a prospective multicenter study
Authors: Sievert Theodor , Didriksson Ingrid , Spångfors Martin , Lilja Gisela , Blennow Kaj , Zetterberg Henrik , Frigyesi Attila , Friberg Hans
Published: September 2023

Background

Neurofilament light chain (NfL), glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), and total-tau protein (tau) are novel blood biomarkers of neurological injury, and may be used to predict outcomes in critical COVID-19.

Methods

A prospective multicentre cohort study of 117 consecutive and critically ill COVID-19 patients in six intensive care units (ICUs) in southern Sweden between May and November 2020. Serial NfL, GFAP and tau were analysed in relation to mortality, the Glasgow Outcome Scale Extended (GOSE) and the physical (PCS) and mental (MCS) components of health-related quality of life at one year.

Results

NfL, GFAP and tau on ICU admission predicted one-year mortality with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.82 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.74$$-$$
-
0.90), 0.72 (95% CI 0.62$$-$$
-
0.82) and 0.66 (95% CI 0.54$$-$$
-
0.77). NfL on admission was an independent predictor of one-year mortality (p = 0.039). Low NfL and GFAP values were associated with good PCS ($$\ge$$
≥
45) at one year but not with good MCS ($$\ge$$
≥
45) or GOSE ($$\ge$$
≥
5).

Conclusions

NfL on ICU admission was an independent predictor of mortality. High levels of NfL, GFAP and tau were associated with mortality but not with poor GOSE in survivors at one year. Low levels of NfL and GFAP were associated with improved physical health-related quality of life.

Graphical Abstract
Cardiac hydatidosis complicated by vascular involvement: a case report
Authors: Gupta Vidushi , Bansal Kalpana , Gupta Pranav , Sharma Neha , Naqvi Sayyed Ehtesham Hussain
Published: September 2023

Background

Hydatid disease is a parasitic infection which is endemic in multiple regions across the globe including Indian subcontinent. Although it commonly affects the liver and other solid organs, isolated involvement of the heart is relatively uncommon. Cardiac hydatidosis can be confidently diagnosed on echocardiography, but cross-sectional imaging by computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) provides accurate information about its location, extent, and multiplicity. Multiple case studies of cardiac hydatid disease have been reported in the literature. However, cardiac hydatidosis with extension into pulmonary vasculature has not been reported commonly. This case report highlights this rare association, with stress upon the altered surgical management.

Case presentation

A 50-year-old patient presented with atypical chest pain to the cardiology department of a tertiary care hospital where he underwent multiple blood tests as well as electrocardiography (ECG) and echocardiography as part of the routine examination. Echocardiography revealed a large, multicystic mass invading the posterolateral wall of left ventricle (LV) with no internal vascularity and was provisionally diagnosed as hydatid disease. Subsequent CT study confirmed a large multicystic lesion with the presence of another smaller lesion invading the left atrial appendage (LAA). In order to evaluate the vascular and mediastinal invasion, cardiac MRI was then performed which revealed invasion of right pulmonary artery (PA), right superior pulmonary vein (PV) as well as compression of superior vena cava (SVC) by the smaller lesion. A final diagnosis of cardiac hydatidosis with invasion into right PA and right superior PV was made. Treatment plan for the patient changed, who then underwent an additional reconstruction of right PA and right superior PV after cyst removal.

Conclusions

Cardiac hydatid disease is a rare but potentially lethal condition, which tends to show slow growth and local invasion. The diversity of findings in such rare cases makes individual surgical approach extremely valuable with preoperative radiological imaging becoming indispensable for correct localization and appropriate planning. Our case report highlights rare association of cardiac hydatidosis with invasion of both pulmonary artery and vein, which eventually altered the surgical management of patient.
Inline induction heating for high-pressure fuel-based testing applications
Authors: Thampy Tom , Rivington Emmanuel Gospel Raj , Avulapati Madan Mohan , Murthy Niroop Srinivasa
Published: September 2023

Induction heating offers numerous advantages over conventional methods for heating high-pressure fluids in hydraulic testing applications. It simplifies complex processes, mitigates the risks associated with high-pressure environments, and enhances overall safety. The design of an efficient induction heating system requires a clear understanding of its key components, including the resonant tank circuit, impedance matching and isolation stage, high-frequency inverter, driver circuitry, and controller. The configuration of the resonant circuit plays a crucial role in device ratings and control methods. To meet the demanding requirements of switching devices like IGBTs, the driver circuit must ensure high immunity to interferences and failure. Effective system design allows the heating circuit to operate close to resonant switching, minimizing switching losses and cooling requirements. This paper presents the design and development of a 4-kW induction heater specifically tailored for inline heating of aviation fuel under high pressure. The system aims to achieve a precise temperature profile for testing line-replaceable units (LRUs) used in aircraft. The design methodology encompasses the selection of the resonant tank circuit configuration, impedance matching and isolation stage, high-frequency inverter, driver circuitry, and control strategies. Through extensive simulations in LTspice and experimental measurements, power losses in different components of the power conversion circuits are assessed, and overall system efficiency is evaluated. The results demonstrate the proposed induction heating system’s remarkable energy efficiency, reduced switching losses, and improved reliability. Furthermore, a comprehensive comparison with existing designs and industry norms is presented, highlighting the distinct advantages of the proposed system in terms of cost-effectiveness, energy efficiency, material utilization, and processing time. This research contributes valuable insights into the design and optimization of induction heating systems for high-pressure fluid heating applications, providing a practical and efficient solution for the aviation industry.
Suppression of Endogenous Insulin Secretion by Euglycemic Hyperinsulinemia
Authors: Karakaplan Nesrin Damla , Song Yilin , Laurenti Marcello C , Vella Adrian , Jensen Michael D
Published: September 2023

Context

The impact of insulin, particularly exogenous hyperinsulinemia, on insulin secretion in humans is debated.

Objective

We assessed the effects of exogenous hyperinsulinemia on insulin secretion and whether the response is altered in insulin resistance associated with obesity.

Methods

Insulin secretion rates (ISRs) during euglycemic hyperinsulinemic clamp studies (52 volunteers) were calculated using a model that employs plasma C-peptide concentrations. One study involved a 2-step insulin clamp and the other study was a single step insulin clamp. For both studies the goal was to achieve plasma glucose concentrations of 95 mg/dL during the clamp irrespective of fasting glucose concentrations. The percent change in ISR from fasting to the end of the insulin clamp interval was the main outcome. Linear regression and analysis of covariance were used to test for the effects of insulin on ISR and to test for group differences.

Results

ISR was greater in obese volunteers (P < .001) under fasting and hyperinsulinemic clamp conditions. The change in plasma glucose from baseline to the end of the insulin clamp interval was highly correlated with the change in ISR (r = 0.61, P < .001). From baseline to the end of the clamp we observed a 27% (SD 20) suppression of ISR. The participants who underwent a 2-step insulin clamp had greater suppression of ISR during the second step than the first step (P < .001). The proportional suppression of ISR during euglycemic hyperinsulinemia was not different between nonobese and obese groups (P = .19).

Conclusion

Hyperinsulinemia suppresses endogenous insulin secretion and the relative change in insulin secretion produced by exogenous insulin did not differ between nonobese and obese people.
Legacy and Emerging Perfluoroalkyl and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances Regulate Steroidogenesis in the Male Gonad
Authors: Daugherty Samantha , Mulabagal Vanisree , Hayworth Joel , Akingbemi Benson T
Published: September 2023

Perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are widely used in a variety of industrial processes and manufacturing of consumer products. Current efforts by the manufacturing industry will limit use of long-chain or legacy PFAS represented by perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS) and replace with short-chain or emerging PFAS such as perfluorobutanoic acid (PFBA) and perfluorobutane sulfonic acid (PFBS). However, there is little to no information on the toxicity of new and emerging PFAS. Therefore, we performed experiments in growing Long–Evans male rats to investigate effects of low-dose prepubertal and pubertal exposures to PFAS on gonadal steroid hormone secretion. The results demonstrated that both legacy and emerging PFAS have the capacity to regulate testicular steroidogenesis. For instance, prepubertal exposures to PFOS, PFBA, and PFBS increased serum and testicular testosterone concentrations. Exposure to PFBA increased testicular 17β-estradiol (E2) concentrations, and PFOS and PFBS both decreased serum E2 concentrations while stimulating testicular E2 secretion. The data also demonstrated additive effects due to legacy and emerging PFAS mixtures compared with the individual chemicals. The gonadal effects due to PFAS exposures occurred at nanomolar concentrations, which approximate PFAS levels in the environment. Taken together, the present study supports the need for development of cost-effective and sustainable filtration media for different processes to remove PFAS from water and other sources of exposure. Current action by regulatory agencies such as the US Environmental Protection Agency to limit use of PFAS in the manufacture of consumer products will protect public health.
Transversal Tipping Points
Authors: Weil Abraham B.
Published: September 2023

This short intervention examines the relationship between Black trans life and coral bleaching through discourses of tipping points.
El milagro, el despertar y la fiesta
Authors: Medel Juan Carlos
Published: September 2023

Abstracto

En este ensayo el autor reflexiona críticamente en torno al Chile neoliberal de los últimos 40 años. A partir del texto La Sociedad del Cansancio de Byung-Chul Han, ofrece una interpretación del estallido social chileno. Argumenta que el estallido social de octubre del 2019 expresa un profundo rechazo del modelo económico existente, poniendo énfasis en las consecuencias culturales de dicho modelo, cuestionando las prácticas de autoexplotación impuestas por la cultura laboral neoliberal. En la primera parte del texto desarrolla una aproximación crítica a la figura del emprendedor, encarnación de la ideología de la meritocracia y piedra angular del proyecto neoliberal en Chile. Después de eso propone una argumentación sobre las fuerzas históricas que explican el estallido social y las diferentes formas de resistencia expresadas a partir de entonces. Por último, concluye con una invitación a repensar el trabajo y su rol en un futuro Chile postneoliberal.
On the Minute Structure of involuntary muscular fibre
Authors: Lister Joseph , Christison Dr.
Published: September 2023

It has been long known that contractile tissue presents itself in the human body in two forms, one composed of fibres of considerable magnitude, and therefore readily visible under a low magnifying power, and marked very characteristically with transverse lines at short intervals, the other consisting of fibres much more minute, of exceedingly soft and delicate aspect, and destitute of transverse striae. The former variety constitutes the muscles of the limbs, and of all parts whose movements are under the dominion of the will; while the latter forms the contractile element of organs, such as the intestines, which are placed beyond the control of volition. There are, however, some exceptions to this, general rule, the principle of which is the heart, whose fibres are a variety of the striped kind.
On a Mode of Reproduction by Spontaneous Fission in the Hydroida
Authors: Allman
Published: September 2023

The hydroid which presents the remarkable mode of reproduction about to be described was obtained in Loch Long, on the west coast of Scotland. It is a Campanularidan, profusely branched with its trophosome, bearing considerable resemblance to that of Obelia didiotoma, No gonosome, however, was present in any of the specimens collected; and though I believe that there are sufficient’grounds for regarding it as generically distinct from all previously described hydroids, its exact systematic position cannot, in the absence of a gonosome, be assigned otherwise than provisionally.
Evidence for multi-scale power amplification in skeletal muscle
Authors: Petersen Jarrod C. , Roberts Thomas J.
Published: September 2023

Many animals use a combination of skeletal muscle and elastic structures to amplify power output for fast motions. Among vertebrates, tendons in series with skeletal muscle are often implicated as the primary power-amplifying spring, but muscles contain elastic structures at all levels of organization, from the muscle tendon to the extracellular matrix to elastic proteins within sarcomeres. The present study used ex vivo muscle preparations in combination with high-speed video to quantify power output, as the product of force and velocity, at several levels of muscle organization to determine where power amplification occurs. Dynamic ramp-shortening contractions in isolated frog flexor digitorum superficialis brevis were compared with isotonic power output to identify power amplification within muscle fibers, the muscle belly, free tendon and elements external to the muscle tendon. Energy accounting revealed that artifacts from compliant structures outside of the muscle–tendon unit contributed significant peak instantaneous power. This compliance included deflection of clamped bone that stored and released energy contributing 195.22±33.19 W kg−1 (mean±s.e.m.) to the peak power output. In addition, we found that power detected from within the muscle fascicles for dynamic shortening ramps was 338.78±16.03 W kg−1, or approximately 1.75 times the maximum isotonic power output of 195.23±8.82 W kg−1. Measurements of muscle belly and muscle–tendon unit also demonstrated significant power amplification. These data suggest that intramuscular tissues, as well as bone, have the capacity to store and release energy to amplify whole-muscle power output.
Respirometry reveals major lineage-based differences in the energetics of osmoregulation in aquatic invertebrates
Authors: Cochran Jamie K. , Banks Catelyn , Buchwalter David B.
Published: September 2023

All freshwater organisms are challenged to control their internal balance of water and ions in strongly hypotonic environments. We compared the influence of external salinity on the oxygen consumption rates (ṀO2) of three species of freshwater insects, one snail and two crustaceans. Consistent with available literature, we found a clear decrease in ṀO2 with increasing salinity in the snail Elimia sp. and crustaceans Hyalella azteca and Gammarus pulex (r5=−0.90, P=0.03). However, we show here for the first time that metabolic rate was unchanged by salinity in the aquatic insects, whereas ion transport rates were positively correlated with higher salinities. In contrast, when we examined the ionic influx rates in the freshwater snail and crustaceans, we found that Ca uptake rates were highest under the most dilute conditions, while Na uptake rates increased with salinity. In G. pulex exposed to a serially diluted ion matrix, Ca uptake rates were positively associated with ṀO2 (r5=−0.93, P=0.02). This positive association between Ca uptake rate and ṀO2 was also observed when conductivity was held constant but Ca concentration was manipulated (1.7–17.3 mg Ca l−1) (r5=0.94, P=0.05). This finding potentially implicates the cost of calcium uptake as a driver of increased metabolic rate under dilute conditions in organisms with calcified exoskeletons and suggests major phyletic differences in osmoregulatory physiology. Freshwater insects may be energetically challenged by higher salinities, while lower salinities may be more challenging for other freshwater taxa.
The Effect of Mixed Ligands on the Polymerization Rate of SET-LRP in Aqueous Solution
Authors: Feng Xiaojing , Yuan Wenxia
Published: September 2023

The mixed-ligand effect is investigated in single electron transfer-living radical polymerization (SET-LRP) of OEOMA in aqueous solution for the first time. Mediated by equimolar tris(2-aminoethyl)amine (TREN) and tris(dimethylaminoethyl)amine (Me6-TREN), SET-LRP exhibits the highest polymerization rate while maintaining living characteristics. The higher concentration of self-assembled micellar particles formed by amphiphilic initiator and monomer in aqueous solution under the influence of mixed ligands may be considered as one of factors for the mixed-ligand effect.
Civil Liberties in Times of Crisis
Authors: Alsan Marcella , Braghieri Luca , Eichmeyer Sarah , Kim Minjeong Joyce , Stantcheva Stefanie , Yang David Y.
Published: September 2023

We study people's willingness to trade off civil liberties for increased health security in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic by deploying representative surveys involving around 550,000 responses across 15 countries. We document significant heterogeneity across groups in willingness to sacrifice rights: citizens disadvantaged by income, education, or race are less willing to sacrifice rights than their more advantaged peers in every country. Leveraging naturally occurring variation and experimental approaches, we estimate a one standard deviation increase in health insecurity increases willingness to sacrifice civil liberties by 68–83 percent of the difference between the average Chinese and US citizen. (JEL D12, D91, I12, I18, K38, O17, P36)
Returns to International Migration: Evidence from a Bangladesh-Malaysia Visa Lottery
Authors: Mobarak Ahmed Mushfiq , Sharif Iffath , Shrestha Maheshwor
Published: September 2023

South Asians traveling to richer Asian nations is the world's largest migration corridor. We track down applicants to a government lottery that randomly allocated visas to Bangladeshis for temporary labor contracts in Malaysia, five years later. Most lottery winners migrate, and migrants' earnings triple. Their remittance raises their family's standard of living in Bangladesh. The migrant's absence pauses marriage and childbirth and shifts decision-making power toward females. Migration removes enterprising individuals, lowering household entrepreneurship, but does not crowd out other family members' labor supply. A deferred migration offer never materialized for a subgroup. Their premigration investments in skills generate no returns in the domestic market. (JEL F22, F24, I31, J24, J31, J82, O15)
Νεότητα και Ψηφιακή Εμπειρία
Authors: Σιδηροπούλου Ανθή
Published: September 2023

Εισαγωγικό σημείωμα στο θεματικό τεύχος Νεότητα και Ψηφιακή Εμπειρία.
Επιθυμία και Αποξενωμένη Οικειότητα
Authors: Σταύρου Καραγιάννης Σταύρος
Published: September 2023

Το άρθρο επιχειρεί μια θεωρητική προσέγγιση στην εφαρμογή γνωριμιών «Grindr» ενσωματώνοντας την προσωπική εμπειρία του συγγραφέα μέσα στο επιχείρημα. Σκοπός του άρθρου δεν είναι να ασκήσει αρνητική κριτική στην εφαρμογή και να την απορρίψει, αλλά ούτε και να την επιδοκιμάσει και να την εξυμνήσει. Αυτό που επιχειρείται είναι ένας αναστοχασμός πάνω στις προεκτάσεις της τεράστιας επίδρασης της εφαρμογής και μια αξιολόγηση της πολιτισμικής και πολιτικής της σημασίας. Η έρευνα του άρθρου γίνεται μέσα σε πλαίσια που λαμβάνουν υπόψιν ένα ιστορικό πλαίσιο αγώνων της κοινότητας ατόμων με διαφορετική σεξουαλικότητα (ΛΟΑΤΚΙ), και ένα πολιτισμικό πλαίσιο όπου η ψηφιακή επικοινωνία είναι δεδομένη. Ακριβώς επειδή είναι δεδομένη και αναπόφευκτη, όπως είναι και για πολλά άτομα η επιτακτική ανάγκη που επιφέρει η ερωτική επιθυμία, το άρθρο προτείνει μια αναθεώρηση των ερωτημάτων που τίθενται για το «Grindr». Τα πολιτικά ζητήματα που προξενεί η ψηφιακή επικοινωνία σε θέματα ταυτότητας και σχέσεων, αλλά και αναζήτησης ερωτικών συντρόφων, χρήζουν προσοχής και αφύπνισης. Η εφαρμογή προσφέρει δυνατότητες αλλά ενέχει και σοβαρούς περιορισμούς που συνδέονται με συστημικά πλαίσια όπως η πατριαρχία. Είναι λοιπόν απαραίτητη η κριτική αξιολόγηση της εφαρμογής «Grindr» ως ψηφιακού μέσου αλλά και ως σημαντικής εξέλιξης στη σεξουαλική ιστορία της εποχής μας.
Μπορεί το Facebook να χρησιμοποιηθεί ως αποτελεσματικό εκπαιδευτικό περιβάλλον;
Authors: Καράκιζα Τσαμπίκα
Published: September 2023

Μετά την αλματώδη ανάπτυξη και χρήση των ψηφιακών μέσων κοινωνικής δικτύωσης καθώς και την εμπλοκή των νέων με αυτά, προέκυψε το ερώτημα εάν μπορούν τα social media, και ειδικότερα το Facebook, να αποτελέσουν για τους μαθητές, εκτός από μέσο επικοινωνίας και ψυχαγωγίας, και ένα αποτελεσματικό εκπαιδευτικό μέσο. Η έρευνα πραγματοποιήθηκε για ένα σχολικό έτος σε δύο σχολεία, με συμμετοχή 100 μαθητών και τεσσάρων εκπαιδευτικών, οι οποίοι χρησιμοποίησαν το Facebook ως εκπαιδευτικό περιβάλλον εντός του οποίου οργάνωσαν και υλοποίησαν τις διδασκαλίες τους. Τα δεδομένα που συλλέχθηκαν προσεγγίστηκαν ποιοτικά και το συμπέρασμα που προέκυψε είναι ότι η πλατφόρμα του Facebook μπορεί υπό προϋποθέσεις, με τον κατάλληλο σχεδιασμό και την αναγκαία διδακτική πλαισίωση, να λειτουργήσει ως αποτελεσματικό εκπαιδευτικό περιβάλλον -να δημιουργήσει δηλαδή μια δυναμική κοινότητα μάθησης, όπου αυξάνεται η γνωστική εμπλοκή των μαθητών, ενισχύεται η συναισθηματική πλευρά της διδασκαλίας και της μάθησης και διαμορφώνονται νέου τύπου ικανότητες για μαθητές και εκπαιδευτικούς.
Circadian disruption does not alter tumorigenesis in a mouse model of lymphoma
Authors: Mello Rebecca M , Pariollaud Marie , Lamia Katja A
Published: September 2023

Background: Disruption of natural light cycles, as experienced by shift workers, is linked to enhanced cancer incidence. Several mouse models of cancer develop more severe disease when exposed to irregular light/dark cycles, supporting the connection between circadian disruption and increased cancer risk. Cryptochrome 2 (CRY2), a repressive component of the molecular circadian clock, facilitates turnover of the oncoprotein c-MYC, one mechanism that may link the molecular clock to tumorigenesis. In Eμ-MYC mice, which express transgenic c-MYC in B cells and develop aggressive lymphomas and leukemia, global Cry2 deletion reduces survival and enhances tumor formation. Lighting conditions that mimic the disruption experienced by shift workers dampen Cry2 transcripts in peripheral tissues of C57BL/6J mice. Although it is milder than homozygous deletion of Cry2, we hypothesized that reduced Cry2 rhythmicity could alter MYC protein accumulation and contribute to enhanced cancer risk caused by circadian disruption. We tested this hypothesis in MYC-driven lymphoma.

Methods: We housed Eμ-MYC mice in light-tight boxes set to either control (continuous cycles of 12-hours of light followed by 12-hours of dark, LD12:12) or chronic jetlag (eight-hour light phase advances every two to three days, CJL) lighting conditions and assessed the impact of disrupted light cycles on survival and tumor formation in Eμ-MYC mice.

Results: Environmental disruption of circadian rhythms did not alter tumor location, tumor growth, or survival in Eμ-MYC mice.

Conclusions: Dampened rhythms of Cry2 following disruption of circadian light exposures is milder than deletion of Cry2. The lack of phenotype caused by altered circadian gene expression in contrast to enhanced tumorigenesis caused by homozygous deletion of Cry2 suggests that CRY2 dosage impacts this model. Importantly, these findings indicate that increased cancer risk associated with circadian disruption arises from one or more mechanisms that are not recapitulated here, and may be different in distinct tumor types.
Suspension of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NP) as an intraoperative wound irrigation to prevent infection after fracture fixation
Authors: Phatama Krisna Yuarno , Dradjat Respati S. , Mustamsir Edi , Nurhidayati Dwi Yuni , Santosaningsih Dewi , Utomo Dwikora Novembri , Hidayat Mohamad
Published: September 2023

Background: Infection after fracture fixation (IAFF) associated with an implant in orthopaedic surgery is a feared complication, leading to non-union, loss of function, amputation, and even mortality and morbidity to the patient. A biofilm formation on the implant surface increases the difficulty of treatment. Therefore, surgical infection prevention with an effective antiseptic solution is required. This study aims to reveal more about the antibacterial effect of ZnO-NP suspension, particularly Staphylococcus aureus and its biofilm, in preventing surgical infection.

Method: An in vitro experimental study with a posttest-only control group design was used to see the antimicrobial activity and inhibitory effect of Staphylococcus aureus biofilm formation between a 20% zinc oxide nanoparticle (ZnO-NP) suspension (20 mg/mL) compared to 0.3% povidone-iodine solution. The statistical result was tested using an independent t-test antibacterial activity. Meanwhile biofilm identification was evaluated using Mann-Whitney & Kruskal Wallis test for each group.

Result: 20% ZnO-NP suspension has a minimum inhibitory concentration at 4 μg/mL and a minimum bactericidal concentration at 16 μg/mL, same as 0.3% povidone-iodine administration and its statistically significant (p-value 0.001). Minimum biofilm inhibitory concentration was seen at a concentration of 20% ZnO-NP suspension of 2 μg, while at higher doses, it showed lysis of bacterial cells.

Conclusion: 20% ZnO-NP suspension is a promising solution for preventing surgical infection due to its antibacterial and antibiofilm effects.
Establishment and implementation of a regional mucosal training program to facilitate multi-center collaboration in basic and clinical research in Eastern Africa
Authors: Omosa-Manyonyi Gloria Susan , Langat Robert , Farah Bashir , Mutisya Elizabeth , Ogutu Hilda , Nyange Jacquelyn , Indangasi Jackton , Ombati Geoffrey , Bergin Philip , Park Harriet , Ochiel Daniel , Chinyenze Kundai , Gilmour Jill , Anzala Omu
Published: September 2023

Background: The recent outbreaks of novel endemic and pandemic diseases have highlighted the importance of collaborative networks in rapid response to emerging pathogens. Over the last two decades International AIDS Vaccine Initiative (IAVI), with the support of United States Agency for International Development (USAID) and other international donors, has invested in research capacity and infrastructure in Africa.  A significant portion of this support has facilitated establishing regional centers of excellence for African scientists to develop and lead a collaborative research agenda, implemented within the IAVI-led Accelerate the Development of Vaccines and New Technologies to Combat the AIDS Epidemic (ADVANCE) program. One such regional center is the University of Nairobi’s Kenya AIDS Vaccine Initiative-Institute of Clinical Research (KAVI-ICR).

Objective: We designed and implemented a development program to foster inter-institutional South-South technology transfer within Africa, and address a capacity gap in mucosal research.  

Methods: KAVI-ICR and IAVI developed standardized mucosal sample collection, processing and technical assay methods; these were subsequently applied into several observational studies, and Phase I HIV vaccines, Varicella zoster virus vaccine, and broadly neutralizing antibodies clinical trials at KAVI-ICR. Thereafter, KAVI-ICR facilitated the technology transfer of the methods, by training staff at regional establishments in Africa.

Results: Twelve standardized methodologies were developed for the collection, processing and storage of 10 mucosal sample types. Subsequently, eight regional research centers received training for a variety of clinical and laboratory methodologies; the centers later applied the techniques in follow-up collaborative research. Additionally, the training fostered collaboration while allowing the development of local networks of research groups.

Conclusion: By such South-South initiatives, supported by international donors, the development of regional capacity and expertise is realizable. The established expertise can be leveraged when needed, and builds the capability for African scientists to engage at an international level, actively participating in driving internationally relevant research.
Fellow traveller’s look at Helje Kaarma’s creative life
Authors: Tiit Ene-Margit
Published: September 2023

Fellow traveller’s look at Helje Kaarma’s creative life
Features of the state of the neuroendocrine-immune complex and electrolyte-nitrogenous exchange under different variations of uric acid metabolism in female rats
Authors: Bombushkar Igor
Published: September 2023

Background. This article concludes the experimental part of the project "Physiological activity of uric acid". Our group previously identified 4 variants-clusters of uricemia and uricosuria both in rats and in humans. It was shown that the clusters differ from each other in the constellation of immune, autonomic and endocrine parameters as well as plasma and urine electrolytes and nitrogenous parameters, which to one degree or another correlate with uricemia and uricosuria. Because the autonomic, endocrine and immune parameters interact with each other within the neuro-endocrine-immune complex, the purpose of this study is to find out exactly which parameters of the neuro-endocrine-immune complex reflect the specificity of quantitative and qualitative clusters of uric acid metabolism. Materials and Methods. Experiment was performed on 60 healthy female Wistar rats 220-300 g. The plasma and urine levels of the uric acid, urea, creatinine, calcium, phosphates, chloride, magnesium, sodium and potassium (also in erythrocytes) as well as glucose (in plasma only) were determined. The parameters of the autonomic, endocrine and immune systems were registered. Results. 30 parameters of the neuroendocrine-immune complex and metabolism were identified, which collectively reflect the specificity of quantitative and qualitative clusters of uric acid metabolism. In addition to, by definition, uricemia and uricosuria, they represent markers of vagal tone, sympatho-vagal balance, androgenic, mineralocorticoid and glucocorticoid functions of the adrenal cortex as well as parathyroid activity; exchange of electrolytes (excretion with urine of sodium, calcium and phosphates, plasma levels of sodium, magnesium, chloride, phosphates and potassium and the latter in erythrocytes) and nitrogenous metabolites (creatininuria and plasma urea); as well as immunity parameters (the percentage of lymphoblasts, plasma cells and macrophages in the thymocytogram, the mass of the spleen, the entropy of the splenocytogram and the percentage of macrophages and microphages in it, the percentage of Th-, B- and 0-lymphocytes in the blood immunocytogram as well as blood level of leukocytes in general). Conclusion. The quantitative and qualitative clusters of uric acid metabolism are accompanied by specific constellations of parameters of the neuro-endocrine-immune complex and the electrolytes and nitrogenous compounds.
The impact of different types of anaesthesia on the course of tonsillectomy surgery
Authors: Kolesnichenko V.
Published: September 2023

Recurrent tonsillitis is considered to  be one of the most common ENT diseases. Tonsillectomy as a method of recurrent tonsillitis' treatment is being performed as usual as 20% of all surgeries in ENT departments. The critical criteria for the success of tonsillectomy for the surgeon are the frequency of perioperative complications, long-term results of treatment, and the patient's recovery time. For the patient, those criteria are the severity of pain, psychoemotional stress, the time spent in the hospital, and how quickly he can return to his daily life routine. The factors that significantly affect the outcome of tonsillectomy are the choice of anaesthetic management.

Our study aimed to optimise the approach to choosing between endotracheal anaesthesia and local anaesthesia. Clinical studies were made among 158 patients with recurrent tonsillitis who underwent a bilateral tonsillectomy. The patients were divided into two groups.

The first group consisted of 97 patients undergoing tonsillectomy using local anaesthesia. The control group included 61 patients undergoing tonsillectomy using endotracheal anaesthesia. We considered the factors such as duration of surgery, the amount of blood loss, intraoperative events, number of incidents of primary and secondary bleeding, assessment of pain syndrome, necessity of analgesics administration, length of hospital stay, and recovery period.

Conclusions: tonsillectomy surgery using local anaesthesia requires less time to perform, has less blood loss, fewer intraoperative events, and fewer incidents of primary and secondary bleeding. The average level of pain is higher in patients using endotracheal anaesthesia.
Analysis and correction of diets of overweight and obese women
Authors: Babienko Volodymyr , Shanyhin Anton , Rozhnova Anastasiia , Korkhova Arina
Published: September 2023

The proposed study is important and relevant in view of the increasing level of obesity in the world. Preventive interventions are important to reduce long-term health care costs and improve overall population health as health care systems struggle with the financial burden of obesity-related diseases.

Hypodynamia and obesity act as predictors of the development of atherosclerosis and metabolic syndrome. It is worth noting that the level of vitamin D in blood serum affects the development of the risk factors listed above. Research results demonstrate an inverse relationship between the level of 25-hydroxyvitamin D in blood serum and the development of obesity, metabolic syndrome, and insulin resistance.

As part of a prospective randomized controlled trial, 106 women aged 19 to 68 years (mean age 43.66±5.02 years) who had a BMI of 25 kg/m2 or higher were examined. Measures (weight, body mass index, 25(OH)D) were assessed at the start of the study and every four weeks to monitor development and dietary compliance for 6 months. After six months of individual dietary adjustments, body weight and BMI were significantly reduced. Participants reduced their weight on average by 7.13±0.78 kg and 2.53±0.19 kg/m2 (p<0.001). Individualized dietary adjustments resulted in significant weight loss, highlighting the value of individualized dietary interventions for effective weight management. A link between excess body weight and vitamin D deficiency has been established.
The Importance of Building a Relationship Between Lecturers and Students for Student Satisfaction with Remote Learning
Authors: Turkiewicz Joanna , Bęczkowska Anna , Skrobacki Radosław
Published: September 2023

This article aimed to determine the significance of student-lecturer relationships in the context of remote learning to answer the following question: What is the relationship between student-lecturer relationships and student satisfaction with remote learning, feedback, the assessment process, lecturers’ digital competencies and students’ competencies related to remote learning? To achieve this aim, an online survey was conducted on a sample of 206 students from Milenium University in Gniezno, Poland (return rate approximately 42%) in the spring of 2022. The data were analysed through the application of mediation analysis using IBM SPSS Statistics and the Jamovi software. The main finding of the study is that the student-lecturer relationship is crucial for ensuring students’ satisfaction with remote learning. This paper contributes to the literature by explaining the potential impact of other factors on the student-lecturer relationship variable.
Basic Aspects of the Erotetic Logic and the Role of Questions in Empirical Cognition in Pedagogical Research Practice
Authors: Urbaniak-Zając Danuta
Published: September 2023

The article approaches the basic aspects of the erotetic logic in order to highlight the complexity of the inquiry situation. This complexity is overshadowed by the patterns of everyday communication (after all, everyone has asked questions multiple times). In research practice, the linguistic question form is assumed by the research problem and/or research objectives, and – in cognition based on communication processes – by research tools. The author advocates a clear distinction between questions that determine the examined object and research objectives that justify the examination of this very object. In the context of research tools, she proposes a differentiation between questions about information and questions about experiences, which is relevant to the basic questioning intention specific to quantitative (standardised) and qualitative (non-standardised) research.
Postmonuments?
Authors: Katz Thor Rebecka
Published: September 2023

In Sweden, a wave of new monuments can currently be observed, both in terms of what is being monumentalized, and in how it is being executed. This article seeks to understand what is at stake in these processes, which bear similarities to various international examples, by employing the concept of postmonuments. Inspired by Marianne Hirsch’s notion of postmemory, the concept focuses on the temporal and commissioning aspects of the “post,” rather than on the transmission of memory. The three projects discussed were all initiated between 2018 and 2019 and, at the time of writing remain incomplete. The first of these is a discountinued monument commemorating Swedish colonialism, the second is an LGBTQI+ monument soon to be realized, and the third a prospective Antiracist monument.
Konfrontacja różnych pamięci w przestrzeni scenicznej na przykładzie spektakli biograficznych z Teatru Śląskiego (Leni Riefenstahl. Epizody niepamięci i What the heil?!)
Authors: Popczyk-Szczęsna Beata
Published: September 2023

CONFRONTING DIVERSE MEMORIES ON STAGE: BIOGRAPHICAL PLAY AT THE SILESIAN THEATRE IN KATOWICE (LENI RIEFENSTAHL. EPIZODY NIEPAMIĘCI AND WHAT THE HEIL?!)

In recent Polish theater, numerous projects have drawn inspiration from biographies. These practices not only reflect the prevailing biographical trend in culture but also indicate that theater serves as a “memory machine,” playing a socially important role in establishing connections between the past and the present. Drawing on the examples of two plays staged at the Silesian Theatre in Katowice, namely Leni Riefenstahl. Epizody niepamięci [Leni Riefenstahl. Episodes of Non-memory] (2016) and What the heil?! (2022), and employing the concepts of cultural memory (A. Assmann, J. Assmann), postmemory (M. Hirsch) and multidirectional memory (M. Rothberg), this study examines the conventions employed in r e c o n s t r u c t i n g t h e p a s t wi t h i n t h e th e at r i c a l spa c e . Furthermore, it delves into t h e dynami c s o f va r i - o u s f o rms o f memo r y (e.g. cultural memory, communicative memory, individual memory) in theatrical representation.
Multivariate Almost Stochastic Dominance: Transfer Characterizations and Sufficient Conditions Under Dependence Uncertainty
Authors: Müller Alfred , Scarsini Marco , Tsetlin Ilia , Winkler Robert L.
Published: September 2023

Decision with Several Objectives Under Uncertainty

Important decisions typically involve multiple objectives and uncertainty. Assessing both multivariate utility and multivariate distributions for the attributes can be challenging. Moreover, big decisions are usually made by boards or committees with members holding divergent views and preferences and facing pressures from different stakeholders. Thus, a full-blown traditional decision analysis that leads to the computation of expected utility is very difficult at best and often not possible. In “Multivariate Almost Stochastic Dominance: Transfer Characterizations and Sufficient Conditions Under Dependence Uncertainty” Müller, Scarsini, Tsetlin, and Winkler develop sufficient conditions for multivariate almost stochastic dominance based on marginal distributions of the attributes or just on their means and variances. Such tools, consistent with normative decision analysis, are useful when making important decisions in today’s fast-moving and often complex world.
Making Time for Social Innovation: How to Interweave Clock Time and Event Time in Open Social Innovation to Nurture Idea Generation and Social Impact
Authors: Fayard Anne-Laure
Published: September 2023

With the growing complexity of social and environmental issues, there has been a blossoming of hackathons and open innovation challenges. This push to accelerate innovation embraces a perspective of time as clock time—conceived as objective, linear, measurable, and therefore, rather easy to compress. Such a view of time conflicts with the emergent nature of idea generation and the indeterminate process that leads to social impact, which both rely on event time. Drawing on a 40-month ethnographic study of OpenIDEO, an open social innovation platform, I examine how, in designing open innovation challenges, the OpenIDEO team interwove clock time and event time in order to foster idea generation and support social impact. Through inductive analysis, I identify three practices—mapping, stretching, and squeezing time—enacted by the OpenIDEO team to “make time” and thus, continuously engage participants and sponsors in the challenges as well as to allow participants to implement their ideas. My findings demonstrate how organizations can intentionally use time to nurture collaborative innovation and yield sustainable social impact. My study questions the traditional interpretation of clock time as the foundation of all temporalities as it shows how temporal work can be grounded within event time.

Funding: This work was supported by the National Science Foundation [NSF VOSS Grant 1122381]. The research was partially funded from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under grant agreement no. 951735.