bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cementation of proximal femoral nails of the very elderly subject in per-trochanteric fractures
Authors: Plang Sorya , Dayan Romain , Khiami Frédéric , Preneau Clément , Barbier Olivier , Choufani Camille
Published: September 2021

The management of pertrochanteric fractures (PTF) in the very elderly relies on early verticalisation to limit complications of the decubitus and this requires stable osteosynthesis allowing immediate full support without risk of mechanical failure. The aim of the study was to analyse the value of cementing the cervicocephalic blade during osteosynthesis with a proximal femoral nail.

A prospective bicentric comparative study was con- ducted. Patients over 90 years of age with PTF were included. Centre A used a PFNA (Proximal Femoral Nail Antirotation) nail without blade cementing and Centre B used the same nail with blade cementing. The primary endpoint was the occurrence of disassembly of the osteosynthesis requiring revision surgery. Secondary endpoints were functional out- come (resumption of walking), postoperative pain and duration of surgery.

Sixty-four patients were included in Centre A and 23 patients were included in Centre B. Mean age, gender, functional abilities before fracture, fracture type and tip-apex distance were comparable between the groups. Postoperative pain and duration of surgery did not show significant differences between the groups. Four patients operated on with an uncemented PFNA (6.25%) and one patient operated on with a cemented PFNA nail (4.35%) showed early dismantling. The rate of patients returning to walking was significantly higher in the cemented group (p=0.00005).

No significant differences in the rate of dismantling were observed between the two groups. However, the group operated on with a cemented PFNA showed better functional recovery with a significantly higher rate of walking recovery.
Dynamic trial fitting of the cup in press-fit total hip arthroplasty, a feasibility study
Authors: Hoornenborg Daniël , Van Loon Justin , De Waard Sheryl , Sierevelt Inger N. , Opdam Kim T.M. , Kerkhoffs Gino M.M.J. , Haverkamp Daniël
Published: September 2021

Trial fitting of the cup during total hip arthroplasty (THA) is done by trial cups, which do not resemble the real press-fit obtained by the definitive implant. Our goal is to judge feasibility of the X-pander® in clinical practice ; a device developed to mimic the real press-fit obtained by the definitive cup, to ensure satisfactory press-fit.

In this feasibility study 45 experienced orthopaedic surgeons from 7 European countries filled in a structured survey after 78 primary THA and 31 revision surgeries, using the X-pander instead of traditional trial cups. Primary outcomes were decision change concerning cup size or further reaming and increased confidence regarding cup insertion and size. Additionally, potential association between the primary outcomes and procedure (primary or revi- sion), bone quality and experience of the surgeon were evaluated.

In 33.3% of the primary and 32.2% of the revision cases the X-pander measurement changed the deci- sion and further reaming or change of cup size was decided. In 61.5% and 58.1% of respectively the primary and revision THAs the X-pander was judged to give fairly to much more reliable information than traditional trial cups. The X-pander could lead to less additional screw fixation, as stated in 37.2% of the primary and 25.8% of the revision cases and to better cup insertion in respectively 50.0% and 51.6%.

This study validates that the X-pander may be a suitable option for accurate sizing and assessment of the reamed acetabulum and could replace traditional trial cups in THA.
THIẾP LẬP BẢNG ĐIỀU KHIỂN KẾT HỢP CỦA BỘ CHỈ SỐ CHẤT LƯỢNG CỐT LÕI MỖI TUẦN BẰNG NGÔN NGỮ R
Authors: Niệm Đỗ Văn , Châu Lê Thị , Thúy Lê Thị Thu
Published: September 2021

Giới thiệu: Chỉ số là phương pháp đo lường chất lượng cơ bản và hình thức báo cáo phù hợp sẽ cung cấp thêm thông tin để nhà quản trị ra quyết định. Phương pháp: Chuẩn hóa dữ liệu giám sát quá trình và đo lường kết quả hiện có thành dữ liệu mảng. Sử dụng kết quả này để phát triển bảng điều khiển kết hợp bằng ngôn ngữ R (gói phân tích: flexdashboard, knitr, tidyverse, readxl,reshape2, lubridate, qicharts2, qcc, ggQC, gridExtra, plotly, DT), với định dạng .html nhằm dễ phổ biến. Người dùng được hỏi ý kiến để hoàn thiện thiết kế nhằm đảm bảo sự tiện lợi, đủ thông tin cần thiết, khả năng truy vết nguồn gốc vấn đề và dễ tìm kiếm thông tin. Kết quả: Bảng điều khiển chỉ số gồm: tóm tắt chỉ số tuần và trung bình năm hiện hành, biểu đồ kiểm soát từngnhóm chỉ số theo tuần so sánh với năm liền kề trước, biểu đồ Pareto chỉ rõ nội dung ít tuân thủ hoặc nhóm sự kiện bất lợi chiếm đa số, phân tích chỉ số theo khoa và quy trình bằng biểu đồ lưới để đối sánh. Bảng dữ liệu tổng hợp về tỷ lệ tuân thủ theo khoa và quy trình mỗi tuần, kết hợp chức năng tìm kiếm giúp người dùng truy cập nhanh thông tin. Khảo sát ý kiến người dùng 2 lần trong tiến trình phát triển có kết quả đánh giá phù hợp và dễ hiểu trên 75%. Kết luận: Bảng điều khiển chỉ số không những giúp nhà quản trị bệnh viện dễ thấy bức tranh toàn cảnh về chất lượng, mà còn cung cấp đủ thông tin chi tiết để mỗi khoa, phòng thực hiện cải tiến.
Geç Ergenlik Dönemi: Ahlaki Uzaklaşma
Authors: TURAN Serhat
Published: September 2021

Bu çalışmanın amacı geç ergenlik döneminde ahlaktan uzaklaşmanın farklı yaş ve cinsiyetlerdeki yansımalarının tespit edilmesidir. Çalışmaya 18-24 yaş aralığında 235 spor bilimleri fakültesinde öğrenim görmekte olan öğrenci katılmıştır. Çalışmaya katılanların ahlaki uzaklaşma skorlarının tespit edilebilmesi amacıyla ‘’Ahlaki Uzaklaşma Ölçeği’’ kullanılmıştır. Cinsiyetler arasında ahlaki uzaklaşma skorlarındaki farklılığı belirlemek için t testi; yaşlar arasındaki farklılığı belirlemek için ise tek yönlü varyans analizi (Anova) testi kullanılmıştır. Araştırmada anlamlılık düzeyi p
Ramón Turró: Una teoría biológica del conocimiento
Authors: Velázquez Campo Lorenzo
Published: September 2021

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Secularización y postmodernidad
Authors: Fernández del Riesgo Manuel
Published: September 2021

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Taxation of Professional Team Sport Athletes in the Czech Republic
Authors: Radvan Michal , Neckář Jan
Published: September 2021

The career of a professional athlete is unique when compared to other professions. Not purely the role and nature of the position (such as whether they are individual or team  players), but also from the factual, legal, and especially tax perspectives. And since a  professional athlete’s income is subject to taxation, it is necessary that their activity is  accurately determined for appropriate tax assessment. The main purpose of this article is to  examine the taxation of income on professional athletes in team sports. Our study is based  on case law determined by the Czech Republic’s Supreme Administrative Court (hereinafter ‘Supreme Administrative Court’), which determined that it is necessary to tax the activities of  team players as income from self-employment. The existing scientific literature on this  subject in the Czech Republic is not particularly relevant, as it is mostly descriptive. International scientific literature is more abundant and comprehensive, such as noted  publications by Tetłak, Simpson, and Taxation of Artistes and Sportsmen in International Tax  Law, edited by Loukota and Stefaner.
Blockchain Technology – Current Status, Challenges and Perspectives in Tax and Customs Law
Authors: Hrabčák Ladislav , Stojáková Monika
Published: September 2021

One of the hallmarks of the 21st century society is rapid technological progress. It must be addressed by national legal systems, which is another theme discussed in this article. Blockchain technology is one of the most current issues, not only in information technology, but also in law.This paper aims to assess the current legal situation and to reflect on the challenges and perspectives that are undoubtedly related to Blockchain, as it focuses on tax and customs law. Whether Blockchain is capable of contributing to more efficient tax and customs collection is a fundamental hypothesis that we will attempt to confirm or refute.
Traumatic Mapping and Generational Topographies in Amy Kurzweil’sFlying Couch
Authors: Reynolds Megan V.
Published: September 2021

Amy Kurzweil’s graphic memoir Flying Couch demonstrates the lingering struggles the third generation of Holocaust survivors face in trying to understand their own identities. This article examines Flying Couch and Kurzweil’s struggles with her familial Holocaust trauma. Through the use of maps, Kurzweil examines her relationship to her grandmother, a Holocaust survivor, and her mother, a member of the second generation after the Holocaust. The article argues that while these maps work to ground both Kurzweil and the narrative itself, these attempts actually emphasize the instability with which Kurzweil still grapples. However, Kurzweil’s inclusion of various forms of mapping consists of more than recognizing her grandmother’s Holocaust trauma because she also examines her relationship to her mother, and her own identity as an individual. These maps create opportunities in which she can understand her identity as a part of and apart from her familial trauma. Through these familial interactions, the maps in Flying Couch create a generational topography in which they serve two important functions: (1) to connect Kurzweil with her familial and intergenerational Holocaust trauma, and (2) to allow Kurzweil to understand her sense of self apart from this intergenerational trauma.
Therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE); A Management Strategy for Critically ill Covid-19 patients
Authors: Haider Zulfiqar , Abbas Ali , Sheen Irfan Najam , Ali Zulfiqar , Hussain Azhar , Waseem Hafiz Majid
Published: September 2021

Objective: To determine the effectiveness of therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE) in management of critically ill Covid-19 patients Materials and Methods: In this study non-randomized controlled trial, a total of 47 patients were included after thorough screening of the admitted patients in Covid ITC CMH, Multan from July-2020 to May-2021.Single administration of TPE was done to determine the results. The parameters assessed in this study included the efficacy of TPE in terms of improvement of critical end points such as Norepinephrine dose to maintain MAP of more than 65mmHg, 6-hour balance of fluid, MAP, CRP (C reactive protein), WBC count (white blood cell), platelets, INR (international normalized ratio), IL-6. Results: The variations before and after TPE in clinical and biochemical parameters shown in table. II. In clinical parameters and in gas exchange parameters no significant difference was found. Inflammatory biomarkers, before and after TPE, the parameters had not significant different, (p>0.005). The differences before and after TPE between acid base balance, cytokines and vasoactive substances were also statistically insignificant, (p>0.005). Conclusion: Even though there is evidence of slight improvement in clinical endpoints of Covid-19 patients with TPE, overall efficacy of TPE is still a question that needs an answer as no significant improvement could be seen in outcome values after TPE. Keywords: Therapeutic Plasma Exchange (TPE), Hemodynamics, Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS).
PREDIKSI PENERIMAAN KARYAWAN BAGIAN DESAIN PADA EVENT ORGANIZER PT. SEIRAH WISATA MENGGUNAKAN ALGORITMA C4.5
Authors: Bei harira Hendriyanto ,
Published: September 2021

ABSTRACT

Human resources design section at an Event Organizer is a vital part considering that the design will be seen by the event participants in addition to the technical events. The selection of employees who understand design and have extensive experience is important. The process of selecting employees in the design field can sometimes be difficult to predict if there are several prospective employees with balanced abilities. From the calculation results of the dataset as many as 14 applicants using the C4.5 algorithm, the highest Gain Ratio value obtained in the design Ability and Experience = 0.7172, Origin of Schools = 0.0511 and Age = 0.0205.

Keywords : event organizer, C4.5 algorithm, prospective employees, Gain Ratio
Elucidation of the origin of autoimmune diseases via computational multiscale mechanobiology and extracellular matrix remodeling: theories and phenomenon of immunodominance
Authors: Kumar Rajiv
Published: September 2021

Experimental practices of computational multiscale mechanobiology were applied to explicate different topographies of mechanobiology and to predict the fine minutiae of mechanosensing and mechanotransduction in a cellular system accurately. Autoimmune diseases denoted as biologically implausible. Recently, scientific and medical communities investigated autoimmune diseases and associated settings to conclude the disarrays of autoimmune as earlier as possible. Therefore, an urgent need is there to evaluate ocular immunology and the route of growth of autoimmune diseases. Scientific investigations play a significant role to detect interrelated cures and bearing research for probing treatments for autoimmune diseases, which are yet undiscovered. Extracellular matrix remodeling followed in the cellular microenvironment dynamically to manage remodelling events. Immunodominance deals with the immunodominance mechanism evolved in response to clearing any type of infection and not yet distinguished entirely.
Treatment of a case of Fournier’s gangrene after a perianal abscess debridement
Authors: Bhandari Madan , Rao Naveen , Rao Prasanna Narasimha , Gopikrishna B. J.
Published: September 2021

Fournier’s gangrene is rapidly progressive and potentially fatal infective necrotising fasciitis affecting the external genitalia, perineal or perianal regions. Among many sources of infection, perianal surgical manipulation is one of the major contributing factors. A 45-years diabetic patient who had recently undergone surgical debridement elsewhere to treat a perianal abscess visited SDM Ayurvedic hospital with mild scrotal pain and an unhealthy surgical wound. He was treated surgically with broad-spectrum antibiotics, strict control of hyperglycemia, regular minimum debridement of wound and dressing with a Yashtimadhu taila (an herbal oil with Glycyrrhiza glabra, Emblica officinalis, Sesamum indicum and cow milk as active ingredients) famous for its wound healing property. The patient gradually recovered and the wound was gradually healed with secondary intention.
MODUL PENDIDIKAN KESEHATAN DAN PEMENUHAN GIZI SEIMBANG PADA IBU HAMIL
Authors: Adhi Kadek Tresna , Lubis Dinar Saurmauli , Pinatih I Gede Ngurah Indraguna , Mahendra I Gusti Agung Agus
Published: September 2021

Permasalahan gizi di Desa Ban, Kabupaten Karangasem, Provinsi Bali sudah berlangsung lama khususnya pada ibu hamil, serta telah dilakukan berbagai upaya intervensi untuk mengatasi masalah gizi di desa ini. Mengingat luasnya dampak yang diakibatkan oleh permasalahan gizi pada ibu hamil, maka perlu sebuah upaya inovatif yang dapat dijadikan strategi pendekatan untuk percepatan perbaikan status gizi pada kelompok tersebut. Berdasarkan hal tersebut pendekatan keluarga sebagai basis dukungan perubahan perilaku dikembangkan dengan tujuan untuk meningkatan pengetahuan, menumbuhkan sikap positif dan mewujudkan perilaku yang mendukung pada pemenuhan gizi seimbang pada ibu hamil, sehingga dapat berdampak pada perbaikan dan peningkatan status gizinya. Modul Pendidikan Kesehatan dan Pemenuhan Gizi Seimbang pada Ibu Hamil, dibuat untuk menjadi pegangan petugas lapangan/fasilitator dalam menyampaikan materi yang telah direncanakan pada waktu melatih dan menemani keluarga yang memiliki ibu yang sedang hamil. Kami sangat berterima kasih terhadap semua pihak yang telah membantu dalam penyusunan modul ini serta pihak yang mengapresiasi dan menggunakan modul ini sebagai acuan dalam pelaksanaan intervensi gizi keluarga. Kami menyadari bahwa masih terdapat berbagai kekurangan dalam modul ini, sehingga kritik dan saran pengguna modul sangat diharapkan. Harapan kami, modul ini bermanfaat bagi petugas lapangan/fasilitator meningkatkan keterampilan dan kepercayaan diri saat melaksanakan dan memberikan materi pada kelompok sasaran di lapangan.
Study of the Magnetic Fields of Residential Buildings and their Impact on Human Health
Authors:   Ivan Vazov Secondary School, Kostadinova Radka
Published: September 2021

With the prosperity of civilization people are more often put to the vibrations of the Earth’s magnetic field, which they are affecting by themselves in various ways. Settlements and residential areas, distant and electrical conductors, with its constantly changing electromagnetic field create strong deformations and weaken the Earth’s magnetic field. Is it possible that the reduction of the magnetic fields, in such buildings, to lead to illness and discomfort of the people living there. Is it possible that chronic discomfort and illness of the humans who inhabit those buildings don’t suffer from conditions, we usually connect with junk food, polluted air and the our stressful lifestyle, but are actually a result of the greatly reduced and changing magnetic field in the populated areas. With the research project developed by Tereza Stefanova with the help of students from the school, we tried to answer these questions. The purpose of our research is to: 1. Measure the magnetic field in buildings in our city, which differ by their construction and height and also to measure outside the city. 2. Determine if the change of the magnetic field and possible magnetic anomalies affect our health condition. The tasks we had to do to achieve our goal is to do take the measurements with a specific device.
DEVELOPMENT OF A VALIDATED STABILITY-INDICATING METHOD FOR ESTIMATION OF ETHIONAMIDE IN TABLETS BY RP-HPLC AND CHARACTERIZATION OF ITS ISOLATED ALKALI DEGRADATION PRODUCT
Authors:   Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, MET’s Institute of Pharmacy, MET League of Colleges, Bhujbal Knowledge City, Adgaon, Nashik - 422 003, Maharashtra, India., Sonawane Sandeep S. , Patil Akshay S. , Chhajed Santosh S. , Lalchandani Dimple S. , Kshirsagar Sanjay J.
Published: September 2021

A simple, accurate, reproducible and specific stability-indicating RP-HPLC method was developed for estimation of ethionamide in tablets. Ethionamide was exposed to acid, alkali and neutral hydrolysis at elevated temperatures, to thermolytic degradation, peroxide-mediated oxidation at room temperature in dark and to photolytic degradation. The drug was found stable to thermolytic and photolytic conditions and to neutral hydrolysis. However, substantial degradation was obtained in acid and alkali hydrolysis and complete degradation in peroxide-medicated oxidation. Similar degradation behavior was observed when ethionamide tablets were exposed to the mentioned forced degradation conditions. The method showed adequate resolution of drug from its potential degradation products on C18 (250 × 4.6 mm, 5µ) column using mobile phase of methanol: water (50: 50 % V/V) at 1 mL/min. The drug and its potential degradation products were detected at 290 nm. The method was validated as per the ICH Q2(R1) guidelines. The enrichment of the alkali degradation product was performed and isolated by preparative TLC and further confirmed by NMR and IR spectroscopy.
NOVEL RPHPLC-PDA METHOD FOR SIMULTANEOUS ESTIMATION OF HEPARIN AND ITS CO-ADMINISTERED DRUG (FENOFIBRIC ACID) IN MIXTURE
Authors:   Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, College of Pharmacy Sri Ramkrishna Institute of Paramedical Sciences 395, Sarojini Street, Coimbatore-641 044, Tamil Nadu, Indian, Gandhimathi M. , John Sneha M. , Ravi T. K.
Published: September 2021

The poly prescription and co-administration of more than two drugs to treat patients for the disease conditions are inexorable. Heparin is and anticoagulant often administered with fenofibric acid in cardiac treatments. A reverse phased high-performance liquid chromatography method based on photo diode array detection has been developed for their simultaneous determination from admixture. They were separated using potassium dihydrogen orthophosphate: acetonitrile (20:80, V/V), on C18 column, at a flow rate of 0.8 mL/min. The retention time of Heparin and fenofibric acid was 3.8 and 13.1 min, respectively. The validation parameters were studied as per ICH guidelines to ascertain the validity of the method for the purpose intended. The linearity was observed between 0.5-3 I.U./mL of heparin and 0.25-1.5 µg/mL of fenofibric acid. The method was applied to a synthetically prepared admixture, and found to be satisfactorily resolving two drugs without any interference, with good precision and reproducibility in the established condition.
IN SILICO MOLECULAR DOCKING STUDY OF CONSTITUENTS FROM APPLE AND PASSION FRUIT FOR THE TREATMENT OF INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISORDER TARGETING INFLAMMATORY PATHWAY
Authors:   Dept. of Pharmacology, Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, AIMS Health Science Campus, Kochi 682 041, Kerala, India., Arya V. S. , Kanthlal S. K.
Published: September 2021

Inflammatory bowel disorder is a group of inflammatory conditions of the colon and small intestine with greater prevalence among the Indian population. Our focus is to explore and compare the therapeutic potential of phytoconstituents from apple and passion fruit by assessing the affinity with the target sites such as JAK/STAT, MPO and iNOS by molecular docking studies. ADMET prediction and drug-likeness were also conducted to screen out the best-fit ligands, whic are expected to be biologically effective. Few selected constituents displayed considerable binding affinity with the selected targets in our docking study. Interestingly, ligands of phenolic nature displayed the highest inhibitory activity by forming strong hydrogen bonding and van der Waals force with the amino acid residues of the target protein. Comparative study proves that constituents of apple showed better effect than passion fruit. It helps to give the existing information to identify precise targets for the selected drugs. However, the results are preliminary and experimental evaluation needs to be done for obtaining the confirmatory results.
ANALYTICAL METHOD DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF GEMCITABINE AND CLARITHROMYCIN IN COMBINED DOSAGE FORM BY RP-HPLC METHOD
Authors:   Srikrupa Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Velikatta, Kondapak, Siddipet - 502 277, Telangana, India., Mangasree Kailasa , Roy Biswabara , Shaik Harunrasheed , Yalagatti Manjunath S. , Sen Sandip
Published: September 2021

A reverse phase high performance liquid chromatographic method was developed for simultaneous estimation of gemcitabine and clarithromycin in bulk and tablet dosage form. The method was developed by using acetonitrile: methanol: 50 mM sodium acetate buffer (adjusted to pH-3 with orthophosphoric acid (40:40:20) as a mobile phase at the flow rate of 1mL/min. The retention time was found to be 2.365 and 5.999 minutes, respectively. The method showed linearity in the concentration range 10-50 µg/mL in respect of both drugs. The % RSD was less than 0.4% for gemcitabine and 0.2% for clarithromycin. Mean percentage recovery was found to be 99.63 and 99.69 for gemcitabine and clarithromycin. The tailing factor for gemcitabine and clarithromycin was not less than 0.9 and not more than 1.4 during the robustness study. The average percentage assay was calculated and found to be 99.83 for gemcitabine and 98.89 for charithromycin. The limit of detection and quantification for gemcitabine was found to be 0.41 and 1.79 µg/mL. For Clarithromycin, the value was 0.58 and 1.37 µg/mL respectively.
EVALUATION OF TOXICITY AND ANTIASTHMATIC POTENTIAL OF AN AYURVEDIC FORMULATION ON EXPERIMENTAL ANIMALS
Authors: Sahu Manisha , Tiwari Raj K. , Sharma Vikas , Shukla Shiv S. , Pandey Ravindra K. ,   Department of Pharmacology, Columbia Institute of Pharmacy, Raipur, 493 111, Chhattisgarh, India,   Department of Quality Assurance, Columbia Institute of Pharmacy, Raipur, 493 111, Chhattisgarh, India,   Department of Pharmacognosy, Columbia Institute of Pharmacy, Raipur, 493 111, Chhattisgarh, India
Published: September 2021

The aim of this study was to explore acute and chronic toxicity as well as antiasthmatic potential of the ayurvedic formulation Nayopayam Kashayam on experimental animals. The present study was targeted for the study of its toxicity profile along with its antiasthmatic activity. The acute toxicity study was carried out using OECD 425 CPCSEA guideline in albino wistar rats. Oral acute toxicity study was performed at 2000mg/kg orally, which was considered as limit dose. The chronic toxicity study was carried out with administration of Nayopayam Kashayam at three therapeutic equivalent doses i.e. TED (45mg/kg, orally), TEDx5 (225 mg/kg, orally) and TEDx10 (450 mg/kg, orally) for 90 days. Further, antiasthmatic study was carried out using histamine-induced bronchospasm in guinea pig model. The results of acute toxicity studies showed that drug did not create any signs and symptoms of toxicity and no mortality was shown to an oral dose of 2000 mg/kg in rats. The results of chronic toxicity study showed that the drug even at level as high as dose of TEDx10 had no significant effect at all on hematological and body weight parameters, however mild to moderate unfavorable changes in kidney and liver were indicated. The experiential changes were not seen at the lower dose levels. The drug also showed a marked decrease in hiccups of asthma during antiasthmatic study. Hence, it is suggested that the Nayopayam Kashayam, prepared as per the traditional method, is secured/safe for utilization and treatment of asthma at the therapeutic dose level.
"OLD IS THE NEW NORMAL"
Authors:   Editor,  Indian Drugs, Nair Gopakumar G.
Published: September 2021

Dear Reader, “Every cloud has a silver lining”. A few “side effects” of the Covid era are welcome for diverse reasons. The “webinars explosion” on the internet and the new normal experience of “work from home” and online operations have produced “travel-saving”, “time-saving” and “overhead saving” economics in corporate and academic environs. More particularly, the new “innovation culture” that has emerged in the small-medium pharma sector as the response to the patient needs in the pandemic tsunami is a welcome development. In the wake of this repurposing spree, many “grandfather” drugs have found renewed interest. The revival of HCQ has been relatively short-lived compared to the “evergreen” Paracetamol which is being dispensed both to Covid patients in early stages and post vaccination to one and all. The medical profession as well as clinical researchers have taken to these proven remedies with low but well known (often nil) side effects. There are many examples. Recent research was shown that “Budesonide” inhaler (and the Budesonide and Formoterol inhalation) is an effective prophylactic as well as early stage Covid-19 therapy.
FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF INTERPENETRATING POLYMER NETWORK MICROSPHERES OF INDOMETHACIN BY IONOTROPIC GELATION METHOD
Authors: Barhate Archana N. , Chaudhari Rajesh Y. ,   Department of Pharmaceutics, SVPM’S College of Pharmacy, Malegaon, Baramati - 413 115, Maharashtra, India,   Department of Chemistry, TVES’S College of Pharmacy, Faizpur - 425 503, Maharashtra, India
Published: September 2021

The objective of this research was to formulate interpenetrating polymer network microspheres of indomethacin using sodium alginate and carboxymethyl Delonix regia gum by ionotropic gelation method. Calcium chloride was used in formulations F1 to F4, while calcium chloride along with glutaraldehyde was used in formulations F5 to F8 as a crosslinking agent. Microspheres were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry and X-ray diffraction studies. The percentage of drug entrapment increased with an increase in the total concentration of polymers. The sizes of microspheres were in the range of 47.2 to 59.5 µm. In vitro dissolution study showed a decrease in the rate of drug release with an increase in the concentration of carboxymethyl Delonix regia gum. Formulations containing glutaraldehyde showed a decrease in the rate of drug release with an increase in the concentration of glutaraldehyde from 2 to 5 % w/v. For all formulations of prepared microspheres, the values of n varied within 0.680 to 0.888, indicated anomalous type diffusive transport.
DEVELOPMENT OF LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHIC METHOD FOR ESTIMATION OF ACAMPROSATE CALCIUM AND BACLOFEN COMBINATION USED IN TREATMENT OF NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS
Authors: Jadeja Priyanka , Patel Jaimin S. , Shah Dimal A. , Patel Vandana B. ,   Babaria Institute of Pharmacy, Vadodara – Mumbai National Highway # 8,Varnama, Vadodara – 391 240, Gujarat, India
Published: September 2021

A specific, accurate, precise, and reproducible liquid chromatographic method has been developed and validated for the estimation of acamprosate calcium and baclofen in combination. The separation was achieved using stationary phase Phenomenex C18 column (150 mm× 4.6 mm.) in isocratic mode, with mobile phase containing 0.05 M potassium dihydrogen orthophosphate buffer (pH 7) : acetonitrile (10:90 V/V), at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min and effluents were monitored at 210 nm. The retention time of acamprosate calcium and baclofen were found to be 1.9 min and 5.3 min, respectively. The linearity for acamprosate calcium and baclofen were in the range of 2-64 µg/mL and 1.2- 38.4 µg/mL, respectively. The method was validated as per ICH guideline. The recoveries of Acamprosate calcium and baclofen were found in the range of 98.90 - 100.13 % and 98.60 -100.02 %, respectively. The method was successfully applied for the determination of both the drugs in combination.
RAPID GREEN SYNTHESIS OF GOLD AND SILVER NANOPARTICLES USING ETHANOL EXTRACT OF KEDROSTIS FOETIDISSIMA (JACQ.) COGN. AND ITS ANTICANCER EFFICACY AGAINST A549 HUMAN LUNG CANCER CELL LINES
Authors: Muthusamy Amutha , Pottail Lalitha ,   Dept. of Chemistry, Nallamuthu Gounder Mahalingam College, Pollachi, Coimbatore - 642 001, Tamilnadu, India,   Dept. of Chemistry, Avinashilingam Institute for Home Science and Higher Education for Women, Coimbatore - 641 043, Tamilnadu, India
Published: September 2021

This study is mainly focused on the synthesis of gold and silver nanoparticles using Kedrostis foetidissima (Jacq.) Cogn, a traditional medicinal plant, their characteristics and their efficacy on Human Lung cancer cell lines (A-549). Gold and silver nanoparticles were synthesised using ethanol extract of K. foetidissima by solar irradiation method. The formation of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) and silver nanoparticles (AgNps) were authenticated by UV-Visible, FT-IR, XRD SEM, and TEM analysis. The solar irradiation method yielded beautiful floral shaped AuNPs and spherical shaped AgNPs of the size 8.38 nm and 33.20 nm, respectively. The cytotoxicity effect of these biogenic nanoparticles against A-549 cell lines was monitored through MTT assay. The results have revealed that AgNps shows significant cytotoxicity (IC50-62.16 µg/mL) towards A-549 than AuNPs (IC50- 106.27 µg/mL). The shape dependency of the nanoparticles is also clear from the study
DESIGN OF EXPERIMENT (DOE) BASED STUDY OF FACTORS AFFECTING UV ABSORPTION OF HYDROCHLOROTHIAZIDE
Authors: Gupta Chitra , Tyagi Lalit K. ,   Lloyd Institute of Management and Technology (Pharm), Plot No. 11, Knowledge Park-II, Greater Noida - 201 306, Uttar Pradesh, India
Published: September 2021

Present work was carried out to evaluate the effect of process variables on the UV absorbance of hydrochlorothiazide. The effect of three variables namely such as sample temperature, nature of the solvent and sample volume on UV absorption was studied by using the design of experiments (DOE) approach. Central Composite Design (CCD) was applied to investigate the effect of sample temperature (A) variation in the range of 15 °C - 45 °C, nature of the solvent (B) viz. ethanol, methanol, and 4 % sodium hydroxide and sample volume (C) in the range of 1.5 mL to 2 mL on the UV absorbance of Hydrochlorothiazide. Each of the parameters was varied at three different levels (-1, 0, 1) and twenty suggested experimental runs were conducted with six central points. The data was then analyzed for model fitting and finding how each of the variables affected the response by using ANOVA. The three variables under study were found to have a moderate effect on the UV absorbance, as expected based on theoretical concepts. However, the influence was found to be statistically insignificant as the P value for the individual parameter was found to be greater than 0.05. Further, the P value was less than 0.05 for the squares of temperature, solvent, and combination of solvent and volume for UV absorbance of hydrochlorothiazide, implying that these factors have a statistically significant bearing on UV absorbance. Results showed that out of the three parameters under study, the temperature of the sample affected the absorbance of hydrochlorothiazide the most.
Diagnostic Accuracy of Fine needle Aspiration Cytology of Thyroid Nodules at two tertiary Hospitals in Zambia: a cross-sectional study
Authors:   University Teaching Hospital, Chipaila Jackson , Makupe Alex ,   University Teaching Hospital, Malyangu Evans ,   University Teaching Hospital, Maswahu Daniel ,   University Teaching Hospital, Kabwe Jane C. ,   University Teaching Hospital, Odimba Etienne BFK ,   University Teaching Hospital
Published: September 2021

Introduction: Thyroid nodules are one of the common surgical presentations in Africa and are of great concern because of their potential to be malignant. Zambia is not excluded from these common surgical conditions. However, there are no pre-operative cellular or intra-operative tissue diagnoses of the thyroid nodules done before thyroidectomy making it difficult to plan for an optimal and definitive management. Fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) is known to play a pivotal role in the screening and management of thyroid swellings. This study serves to assess the diagnostic accuracy of FNAC on thyroid nodules in patients at two tertiary hospitals in Zambia in order to establish a basis for introducing its use in the management of thyroid nodules at the institutions. Objectives: To evaluate the accuracy of FNAC, as compared to histopathology, in the diagnosis of thyroid nodules at University Teaching Hospital (UTH) and Ndola Central Hospital (NCH) in Zambia. Methods: This was a prospective cross-sectional study conducted in UTH and NCH surgery department from June 2014 to March 2015. Seventy-three patients, who presented with palpable thyroid nodules and underwent thyroidectomy, were enrolled in the study. The FNAC diagnosis of the patients was compared to the histopathology finding following thyroidectomy. Results: Females made up the majority of the patients (n=67, 91.8%). The ages of the patients ranged from 18 to 78 years. The mean age was 44.3 years and the peak age of incidence was in the fourth decade. All patients were clinically euthyroid at the time of enrolment. The FNAC findings included 23 cases reported as unsatisfactory (31.5%); 29 cases benign (39.7%); 2 cases atypical (2.7%); 6 cases suspicious (8.2%); and 13 cases malignant (17.8%). Histopathology findings were available from all 73 tissue samples of participants, of which 55 (75.3%) and 18 (24.7%) were reported as benign and malignant respectively. Of the 18 malignant cases identified by histology, the most common cancer was follicular carcinoma (n=9, 50%), followed by papillary carcinoma (n=6, 33.3%) and undifferentiated carcinoma (n=3, 16.7%). FNAC, in this study, had sensitivity, specificity, negative and positive predictive values, and accuracy of 83.33%, 89.09%, 94.23 and 71.42%, and 87.67% respectively. Conclusion: In this study, FNAC of thyroid nodules had a high sensitivity, specificity, predictive values and accuracy, and can therefore be recommended to be adopted as a pre-operative tool for screening of thyroid nodules.
Exploring New Scientific Methods in the Teaching and Learning of Sesotho
Authors: Sebotsa Mosisili , Koele Malefane Victor
Published: September 2021

Teaching and learning of languages especially modern languages, be they

L1, L2 or L3, continue to evolve and shift from the traditional approach

where the physical instructor was key to the educational process to

contemporary interactive digital approaches that give the learn a certain

amount of confidence and autonomy. However, this is not the case in Lesotho

where the approach in the teaching and learning of Sesotho has arguably

been traditional, despite the fact that Sesotho is not only the official

language but also the only indigenous language spoken across the country.

This article concerned with problems related to teaching and learning of

Sesotho through the use of traditional methods. It argues that contemporary

approaches would render the language much more accessible to the masses

locally and internationally, particularly in the information age. Secondly,

new methods would help re-document the language with all the indigenous

knowledge and savoir-faire proper to the language and culture of Basotho.

The article explores possible avenues of electronic language documentation

and digitisation with the aim of improving the teaching and learning of

Sesotho in formal academic establishments and in informal settings

generally meant for foreign agents working or representing international

non-governmental organisations (NGOs) in the rural areas of Lesotho. This

is where citizens may know how to read and right but not be particularly

conversant in the second official language - English. Finally, the article

advocates for collaboration between computer scientists and linguists with

the objective of developing an on-point Sesotho language software that

supports regulated online language learning platforms.
The Cultural and Historical Significance of Kalanga Place Names in Midlands Province of Zimbabwe
Authors: Matiza Vimbai Moreblessing , Dube Limukani T
Published: September 2021

The discipline of onomastics is still at its infancy yet it constitutes a very important aspect of the day to day survival of a people in the society. Naming is part of oral tradition in African societies, people were never used to write and record things but rather their names. This means that names are a historical record that would carry some aspects of a people's way of life which include their history, beliefs and customs among others. On the same note, Midlands Province constitute of people from different backgrounds mainly Shona and Ndebele. Of interest to this research is the presence of the Kalanga people through some toponyms that are found in the area. In light of this view, this study therefore seeks to identify and unlock the culture and history embedded in these names by looking at the significance of Kalanga place names in Midlands Province. The study argues that place names or toponyms of any people carry with them a history, meaning and significance to particular people that name the places, thus studying the place names in this community can be a valuable tool of unpacking the history surrounding the Kalanga people in Midlands Province in Zimbabwe. Guided by the Afrocentric paradigm, specifically nommoic creativity tenant, the study seeks to explore the cultural and historical significance of Kalanga toponyms in Midlands Province.
ABO AND RHESUS BLOOD GROUP DISTRIBUTION IN URBAN AREA OF SOUTHERN PUNJAB MULTAN PAKISTAN
Authors: Bhutta AM , Tasawar Z , Sajid M , Hayat S , Ali A , Malik A
Published: September 2021

This study was conducted to find out the distribution of ABO phenotypes frequencies in urban area of Southern Punjab Multan Pakistan. A total of 1087 subjects (both male & female) were taken and their blood samples were tested for ABO blood group & Rh. by using anti sera of ABO blood grouping i.e.  Anti-D, Anti-A and Anti-B, and confirmed by standard technique. Doubtful results were checked by tube method. The data was analyzed by applying Pearson correlation and chi square test. In the present study overall prevalence of blood group & Rh. positive was 997/1087 (91.72%) as compared to 90/1087 (8.28%) blood group & Rh. negative (P< 0.05). It is a part of evolution with a natural and random genetic drift selection. ABO blood group types were equally distributed but there was no significant difference in both sexes. However, among ABO blood group & Rh positive; dominance frequency was ‘B’ positive with 373 (34.32%) followed by ‘O’ positive 293 (26.95%), ‘A’ positive 218 (20.06%) and ‘AB’ positive with frequency of 113 (10.40%) respectively, and among ABO blood group & Rh. negative; ‘O’ negative was more prevalent with 42 (3.86%) followed by ‘B’ negative 23 (2.12%), ‘A’ negative 22 (2.02%), and ‘AB’ negative with frequency of 03 (0.28%) respectively In the present study ABO blood group ‘B’ positive was dominant as compared to other ABO blood groups & Rh positive (P> 0.05). Analysis of the data collected in the present study indicated that there was a dominant frequency of ABO blood group & Rh. positive as compared to Rh. negative, and blood group ‘B’ positive was dominant as compared to other ABO blood group types. The determination of the frequency of ABO blood group types in urban area Southern Punjab Multan would help us in understanding the distribution of ABO phenotypes. Whereas, the differences of ABO blood group’s frequencies in different races and regions is a part of evolution with a natural and random genetic drift selection.
EVALUATION OF SALT AND HEAVY METAL STRESS FOR SEEDLING TRAITS IN WHEAT
Authors: Asif S , Ali Q , Malik A
Published: September 2021

Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is an important cereal crop of the world. It is one of the staple foods for major portion of world population. There are various biotic and abiotic factors responsible for low production of wheat in our country. Among these factors, soil salinity is major problem playing an important role in soil degradation, thus consequently reducing wheat production and quality. This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of various salinity and heavy metal levels against three wheat cultivars fir salinity resistance. Three different varieties of wheat were screened against the salinity under controlled conditions in the laboratory of tissue culture, University of Lahore. Seeds of three wheat varieties (Anaj-2006, Faisalabad-2008 and Inqalab-91) were sown in seedling trays. NaCl and CuSO4 were applied as salinity and heavy metal treatment upon wheat cultivars. In order to evaluate, hazardous effects of salinity and heavy metal on wheat certain growth parameters were observed i.e. leaf length and width, leaf area, stem and root length, fresh and dry weight of leaf, stem and root, root shoot length ratio and photometry of leaf, stem and root was measured. Results depicts salinity and heavy metal application has negative correlation with growth parameters of wheat particularly combine application of NaCl and CuSo4 have led to impose major detrimental effects on wheat cultivars. Regarding varietal comparison, “Anaj-2006” proved to be comparatively better in context of less salt’s residual accumulation in leaf, stem and roots along with lower root to shoot length ratio thus exhibiting a strong genetic potential to keep surviving and maintain healthy growth. However, it was concluded that salinity and heavy metal have adversely affected growth and yield potential of “Faisalabad-2008”. So conclusively, there is dare need to screen out indigenous and exotic wheat germplasm available throughout the country for finding some suitable genetic resources having moderate to high resistance levels against salinity and heavy metal which can be further used for breeding purpose in varietal improvement program.
Sources of phenotypic variation of wood density and relationships with mean growth in two Eucalyptus species in Argentina
Authors: Alarcón Pamela-Cecilia , Fernández Maria-Elena , Oberschelp Gustavo-Pedro-Javier , Pathauer Pablo , Martínez-Meier Alejandro
Published: September 2021

Aims of the study: To describe the radial patterns of wood density, and to identify their main sources of variation, and the potential tradeoffs with mean tree growth, in two Eucalyptus species. Area of study: Mesopotamian (Corrientes and Entre Ríos provinces) and Pampean region (Buenos Aires province) of Argentina. Materials and methods: Eucalyptus grandis and Eucalyptus viminalis, growing in genetic trials installed in two sites per species were studied. X-ray wood microdensity profiles were developed from core samples. Each profile was proportionally divided in 10 sections. Mean, maximum, minimum and the standard deviation of wood density, for each section were computed. Mean annual growth was used to study the relationships with wood microdensity variables. A linear mixed-effects model computed the significance of different sources of phenotypic variation. Pearson´s correlation computed the relationships between variables. Main results: The pattern of radial variation in E. grandis showed a decrease in wood density from pith to bark, mainly due to the decrease in minimum wood density, while in E. viminalis, wood density increased towards the outer wood. In both species, the standard deviation of the wood density increased along the radial profile from pith to bark. Significant variation in wood density was explained by site, provenance and clone/family effects. In E. grandis mean, maximum and minimum wood density were negatively correlated with mean growth, whereas in E. viminalis correlations were positive but close to zero. Research highlights: Both the pattern of radial variation of wood density and the relationship between wood density and mean growth were different in the studied Eucalyptus species, and they varied within species depending on the site they were growing and genetic provenance. Keywords: wood microdensity profile; wood properties; wood products; phenotypic plasticity; Eucalyptus grandis; Eucalyptus viminalis.
Effects of the Decision-Making Process on the Competitive Advantage in Costs Obtained After Implementing Outsourcing
Authors: Neves Henrique de Castro , Colares Jose Carlos De Souza , Favero Joao Bosco , Dos Santos Jean Carlo Silva , Da Silva Rosangela Aparecida
Published: September 2021

This article aims to answer how the decision process model used to adjudicate on the implementation of outsourcing in the company affected the competitive advantage in costs obtained by the organization after the implementation of subcontracting. Therefore, the financial results obtained by the company in the period from 2015 to 2019 were analysed in order to know if there were competitive advantages in costs arising from the decision to implement outsourcing. Studies were also carried out on the structure of the decision-making process adopted by the entity to identify the level of efficiency of this model in the implementation of outsourcing, and finally, the impacts generated on these advantages due to the degree of efficiency of the tool application were verified. The research strategy was qualitative and quantitative, with an exploratory bias, bibliographic survey and structured interview. A mathematical model was used based on 14 (fourteen) decision-making efficiency indicators, 4 (four) efficiency level classification indicators and 5 (five) classification criteria for performance. The results showed that there is sufficient evidence to conclude that the low level of efficiency in the decision-making structure contributed to the high financial impact on Company Alpha and, consequently, to the negative impact on competitiveness acquired through the implementation of outsourcing in this entity, which caused financial disadvantages represented by losses in operating income and reduction in profitability.