bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Um olhar para as educadoras do campo a partir da Escola da Terra, do Pronacampo
Authors: Oriente Silvana Barreto , Alves Maria Isabel Alonso , Nogueira Eulina Maria Leite
Published: January 2022

Esse artigo apresenta um olhar para as educadoras do campo a partir da ação Escola da Terra, do PRONACAMPO. Foi desenvolvida no âmbito da disciplina Políticas Públicas e Educação do Campo, ofertada no segundo semestre de 2021, no Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ensino de Ciências e Humanidades (PPGECH) da Universidade Federal do Amazonas – UFAM, Unidade de Humaitá - IEAA. O objetivo geral é analisar se as ações da Escola da Terra têm refletido na atuação docente das educadoras amazonenses, considerando o questionamento que impulsiona a pesquisa: De que modo as ações da Escola da Terra têm refletido na prática pedagógica das educadoras do campo no contexto amazonense? Buscou-se, então, refletir sobre a prática pedagógica das educadoras amazonenses; discutir sobre o curso de formação pedagógica ofertado pela Escola da Terra; e entender se a condição feminina interfere na atuação docente das educadoras do campo. O amparo teórico-metodológico tem como base a metodologia pós-crítica em Educação, a partir de autores que transitam entre os campos de prefixos “Pós” trazidos por Meyer e Paraíso (2012), ancorados nos estudos feministas e de gênero, Berth (2020) e Holanda (2020). A produção de dados se deu a partir da entrevista narrativa, Andrade (2012) e análise documental, Ludke e André (2013). A análise dos resultados foi feita a partir de uma abordagem qualitativa, segundo Gastaldo (2018) e sugere que as ações da Escola da Terra não alcançaram as educadoras entrevistadas e não refletem nas práticas pedagógicas desenvolvidas. A condição feminina apareceu como influência significativa na ideia de empoderamento dos sujeitos no processo de resistência e busca por uma educação autônoma e emancipatória.
Wprowadzenie w dzieje igołomskiego powiśla
Authors: Tunia Krzysztof
Published: January 2022

An introduction to the history of Igołomia region on the Vistula River.
Plany i mapy historyczne rejonu Igołomi i Wawrzeńczyc / Plans and historical maps of the Igołomia and Wawrzeńczyce regions
Authors: Sadowski Jarosław
Published: January 2022

The text is an attempt to analyse archival maps of the Wawrzeńczyce and Igołomia villages in the Małopolska Province, dated from the 17th to the mid–20th century. The described area underwent many transformations during that time, changing its administrative and even state affiliation. Various forms of economic activity appeared, while industrial and religious facilities were built. Many of these processes can be seen on small-scale and medium-scale maps created since the mid-seventeenth century. Only some of the objects described in this article have survived to this day. Most of this is no longer on the minds of the current inhabitants of this area. One of the most interesting discoveries made during the analysis of archival maps is the former park foundation called Ochodza in the area of the former village of Wolica, which is still waiting for its detailed description.
Wszystko płynie, czyli o pochodzeniu mieszkańców parafii Wawrzeńczyce / Everything flows, or the origins of the inhabitants of Wawrzeńczyce parish
Authors: Wyżga Mateusz
Published: January 2022

The text introduces the specificity of genealogical research in the context of regional and local histories. The author draws attention to the impermanence of the names of the lower social strata. In addition, the text contains a catalogue of some of the oldest known names of residents of the Wawrzeńczyce, in today’s Kraków district. The realities of life in the Wawrzeńczyce parish in the pre-industrial period, the functioning of social networks, and professional activity are discussed.
Lotnisko Pobiednik 1939 / Airstrip in Pobiednik 1939
Authors: Włodarczak Piotr
Published: January 2022

In the interwar period, in the northern part of the village of Pobiednik Wielki in today’s district of Kraków, a backup landing pad of the 2nd Aviation Regiment was built, based at Rakowice-Czyżyny airport in Kraków. From 1 to 4 September 1939, various air units of this regiment were stationed in Pobiednik – two squadrons of the Cracow III/2 Fighter Squadron (Nos 121 and 122), as well as planes of the 23rd and 26th Observation Squadron and Liaison Platoon No. 3. Fighter aircraft took off from here to fight German air bomber raids, and reconnaissance planes worked for the land units of the „Kraków” Army. The stay at the airstrip in Pobiednik, lasting only a few dozen hours, was an intensely active time for the Kraków aviation units.
Investigación de brote de leptospirosis en el Cerro de la popa, sector El pesebre, Cartagena, 2018
Authors: Salas Botero Daniela , Parra Eliana , Carmona Carmen Cecilia , Carreño Luis Alberto , Gómez Sara , Rodríguez Andrea , Caicedo Andrés , Guerrero Carlos , Barraza Luis Emiro , Vallejo Plaza Jovana
Published: January 2022

Introducción: La leptospirosis es una enfermedad zoonótica reemergente. Colombia es un país endémico que presenta condiciones epidemiológicas que favorecen la infección en la población en general. En la ciudad de Cartagena se presentaron dos mortalidades asociadas a leptospirosis por sintomatología y clínica; uno de los casos se confirmó por laboratorio. Se realizó investigación de campo y la contención del brote en coordinación con el Departamento Administrativo Distrital De Salud –Dadis Cartagena. El objetivo fue confirmar el brote y caracterizar los casos para orientar acciones de control y prevenir oportunamente posibles nuevos casos.
Metodología: Se realizó una investigación de brote en la población del Barrio Daniel Lemaitre ubicado en el Sector El Pesebre – Sinaí en Cartagena. Se incluyeron personas que, desde el primero de noviembre del 2017, hasta febrero 26 de 2018, presentaran fiebre > 38 °C, y al menos uno de los siguientes síntomas: cefalea, mialgias, conjuntivitis, artralgias, vómito o diarrea, signos y síntomas de proceso infeccioso inespecífico, y que tuvieran antecedentes epidemiológicos sugestivos de leptospirosis en los treinta días anteriores a la fecha de inicio de síntomas. Las muestras de suero de los casos y de los contactos captados en campo fueron confirmadas por microaglutunación (MAT) por el Grupo de microbiología del Instituto Nacional de Salud. Los datos fueron registrados y procesados en el programa Microsoft Excel 2016 ®.
Resultados: Se presentaron tres casos sugestivos de leptospirosis en una misma familia. Uno de los casos se confirmó por laboratorio a través de microaglutinación (MAT). Dos casos adicionales fueron confirmados por nexo epidemiológico. En la investigación de campo se visitaron 42 viviendas en las que se evidenciaron condiciones higiénico-sanitarias propicias para la propagación de la leptospirosis. Se realizó encuesta a 189 personas, cinco fueron sintomáticas, y en total se recolectaron nueve muestras de los contactos directos.
Conclusiones: Se confirmaron tres casos de leptospirosis. Las viviendas de estos pacientes presentaban características comunes que favorecieron la proliferación de la enfermedad.
FEATURES OF THE US-CHINESE RIVALRY IN THE LIGHT OF THE PROBLEM OF AMERICAN LEADERSHIP
Authors:   Ural Federal University named after the first President of the Russian Federation B.N. Yeltsin, Yekaterinburg, Russian Federation, KAMYNIN VLADIMIR , SHENGKUN ZHANG
Published: January 2022

The article examines the impact of the COVID-19 coronavirus pandemic on the rivalry between China and the United States. The analysis of the reasons why the United States unleashed the «new cold war», considering China as its main competitor at the international level, is given. It is noted that these reasons are interpreted by political scientists from different countries in different ways. According to the authors of the article, the long struggle between China and the United States for hegemony during the pandemic has moved into a new phase, in which the sphere of ideology has become a very important field of struggle. The US ideological offensive against China aims to restrain China's development and prevent it from challenging US hegemony. It is proved that, despite the fact that the ideological confrontation between the United States and communist China has been going on for many decades, the COVID-19 coronavirus pandemic has seriously changed the forms of the US ideological offensive against communist China.
DISCRIMINATION AND STIGMATIZATION OF POLITICAL REFUGEES AND LABOR MIGRANTS IN THE EUDURING THE FIRST WAVE OF THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC
Authors:   National Research Tomsk State University, Tomsk, Russian Federation, KHAKHALKINA ELENA , RYAZANTSEVA ANNA
Published: January 2022

The article traces the reaction of the EU states in the initial period of the spread of the Covid-19 pandemic, when there was a transformation from rallying to the division of society along different lines. In relation to arriving or already living, but poorly protected groups of migrants in different countries of the European Union, they were stigmatized as the main carriers of various diseases. The authors aim to identify the causes and consequences of discrimination and stigmatization of refugees and labor migrants in the EU during the first months of the Covid-19 pandemic. The chronological framework includes the period of the first wave of coronavirus. The study analyzes in detail the manifestations of segregation towards migrants and the growth of xenophobic sentiments in the societies of individual EU states with the onset of the pandemic, separately examines the attempts of right-wing populists to strengthen their positions in the changed conditions, and examples of the exacerbation of many chronic problems of European states associated with migrants and their inclusion in host communities. Particular attention is paid to understanding the role of the media and the Internet space in the dissemination and attempts to end stigmatization. In the final part of the work, the influence of the indicated phenomena on the psychological and physical health of the societies of the EU countries is shown, on the change in people’s attitudes towards basic human rights and social values, as well as possible ways of solving the problem of rejection towards the indicated social groups.
THE ORIGINS OF POLAND'S CONTEMPORARY EASTERN POLICY
Authors:   Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russian Federation, SHUSTROV MAKSIM
Published: January 2022

At the moment, a small amount of research has been carried out in the Russian literature devoted to the analysis of the ideological foundations and concepts of the development of the Polish eastern policy. The purpose of this article is to study the key ideas of the eastern policy of the Polish state and their further evolution before the emergence of the Eastern Partnership in 2008. As sources, the author used materials in Russian, English and Polish, which made it possible to conduct a comprehensive analysis of the eastern policy of the Polish state. The author of the article concludes that the Polish eastern policy has deep historical roots and is based on a fundamental ideological basis. The article provides an analysis of the «Jagiellonian» and «Piast» concepts of the development of the Polish state. The key features of Poland's foreign policy strategy in the East, which are relevant nowadays, are associated with the ideas of Józef Piłsudski and Roman Dmowski - the idea of messianism and a civilizational mission. Today there is a revival of old concepts, the so-called «Prometheism 2.0». Studying the historical foundations of Polish politics will help in analyzing Poland's current foreign policy strategy.
INTERNATIONAL INTER-PARLIAMENTARY COOPERATION OF THE FEDERAL ASSEMBLY OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION AND PARTICIPATION IN INTER-PARLIAMENTARY ASSOCIATIONS
Authors:   Kazan Federal University (KFU), Kazan, Russian Federation, NADEZHIN ANDREY
Published: January 2022

The purpose of the research. The article analyzes the place and role of the legislative bodies of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation in the system of international inter-parliamentary cooperation. The article examines the political and legal mechanism of interaction between states within the framework of inter-parliamentary institutions at the present stage. The purpose of this study is to comprehensively consider the importance of parliamentary diplomacy of the Federation Council and the State Duma of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation in the system of international relations of the Russian Federation. This is essential for determining the vector of state policy on the implementation of cooperation between the legislative bodies of different countries, as much attention is paid to the activities of the legislative bodies of Russia in international inter-parliamentary organizations and their participation in the international integration process. Results. Based on the results of the study, the author comes to the conclusion that inter-parliamentary international cooperation is an important factor in the development of interstate relations, performing the functions of representative diplomacy. This policy is being successfully implemented by the Federation Council and the State Duma of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation, not only within the framework of bilateral contacts, but also in the context of the development of interactions between states within the framework of inter-parliamentary associations of a regional and international format, which are of no small importance.
Кадри управління НКВС в Одеській області в роки Великого терору: «санація» партійними органами
Authors: Михайлуца Микола
Published: January 2022

У статті йдеться про кадрову політику ВКП(б) в органах НКВС наприкінці 30-х років ХХ ст. з екстраполяцією на УНКВС в Одеській області. На основі малознаних архівних джерел партійного походження з Державного архіву Одеської області (ДАОО) здійснено дослідження стосовно представників першої ланки, «низового ешелону» управлінь НКВС: співробітників районних відділів, оперуповноважених, помічників уповноважених тощо. Особливої уваги було приділено кадровим чисткам УНКВС на Одещині, які сягнули апогею після директиви ЦК ВКП(б) від 14 листопада 1938 р. «Про облік та перевірку в партійних органах відповідальних працівників НКВС СРСР», що скеровувало партійні комітети (міські, обласні, республіканські) на вжиття заходів на очищення органів НКВС від співробітників, які не заслуговували на політичну довіру. Зокрема, першочергово було направлено на розгляд ЦК ВКП(б) справи на 15 осіб керівного складу облуправління НКВС і 41 начальника районних відділів. Станом на 23 листопада Одеським обкомом КП(б)У було проведено ознайомчу роботу шляхом проведення бесід з 24 працівниками управління НКВС в Одеській області, сформувавши, відповідно, на них особисті справи. Із зазначеного числа через особливий сектор бюро обкому пройшло шість начальників відділів УНКВС і 18 начальників районних відділень. Перевірка виявила, разом з тим, значну кадрову некомплектність обласного УНКВС як серед керівного складу, так і на периферії, у районних відділеннях.

Автором зроблено висновки, що намагання керівництва ВКП(б) повернути контроль над НКВС, перебравши важелі кадрової політики на себе, застосовуючи своєрідну кадрову «санацію», просіюючи та відбраковуючи незручних, ненадійних, ідейно чужих тощо, призвели до майже цілковитого перезавантаження УНКВС в Одеській області. Поряд з тим, каральна функція НКВС не припинялась, активно здійснювалася й надалі. Працівники управління НКВС в Одеській області як прихильні виконавці волі правлячого режиму в СРСР, виокремлювалися переважною малограмотністю, робітничо-селянським соціальним походженням, політичною заангажованістю й ідейною відданістю.
Шотландський національний рух за часів прем’єрства Маргарет Тетчер і Джона Мейджора
Authors: Половін Микола
Published: January 2022

У статті розглянуто історію національного руху в Шотландії під час правління трьох урядів Маргарет Тетчер (1979-1990), а також Джона Мейджора (1990-1997). Показано чинники, що справили вплив на ставлення Тетчер і Мейджора до Шотландії та їх соціально-економічну політику в країні, проведено аналіз причин невдоволення більшої частини електорату Шотландії урядами Тетчер і Мейджора, проаналізовано поступове зменшення популярності Консервативної партії Великої Британії на території Шотландії та відповідне збільшення електоральної популярності Шотландської національної партії у зазначений період.

Досліджено шотландський національний рух у розрізі англійсько-шотландських відносин. Продемонстровано процес внутрішнього розколу у стані шотландських націоналістів, його вплив на результати партії на місцевих і регіональних виборах у вказаний період. Розкрито причини повернення питання відновлення шотландського парламенту до порядку денного у політиці Сполученого Королівства на початку 1990-х років.
Аграрні трансформації періоду української революції 1917-1921 рр.
Authors: Священко Зінаїда
Published: January 2022

Рецензія на монографію: Корновенко С.В., Земзюліна Н.І., Ковальова Н.А., Малиновський Б.В., Масненко В.В., Морозов А.Г., Михайлюк О.В., Пасічна Ю.Г. Селянство, земля і влада в період Української революції (1917-1921 рр.). Черкаси, 2020. 440 с.
Соціальна політика радянської влади щодо охорони материнства та дитинства в УСРР 1920-х рр.
Authors: Священко Зінаїда
Published: January 2022

У статті досліджується соціальна політика радянської влади у питанні охорони материнства та дитинства 1920-х рр. Проаналізовано процес розвитку соціального інституту охорони материнства та дитинства в УСРР. З’ясовано, що практично з перших днів радянської влади охорона материнства та дитинства отримує державний статус. Обґрунтовано основні тенденції правових та організаційних форм захисту материнства та дитинства досліджуваного періоду, результатом дії яких стало створення ясел, дитячих садочків, молочних кухонь, дитячих і жіночих консультацій. Дошкільні заклади організовували для дітей відповідний режим проживання та харчування, проводили профілактичні огляди та щеплення. Для вирішення питання дитячої безпритульності до середини 1920-х рр. у структурі Наркомату освіти УСРР була утворена мережа дитячих закладів для постійного перебування дітей: дитячі будинки, колонії та містечка. У них був організований навчально-виховний і виробничий процеси.
Організаційне оформлення діяльності православних церковних братств Подільської губернії у другій половині ХІХ – початку ХХ ст.
Authors: Альошина Оксана
Published: January 2022

Мета статті полягає у розкритті організаційних засад функціонування православних братств Подільської губернії упродовж другої половини ХІХ – початку ХХ ст. Наукова новизна – вперше на основі маловідомих архівних документів проаналізовано та розкрито специфіку організаційного оформлення та функціонування православних братств Подільської губернії. На прикладі окремих братств показано специфіку й особливості організації православних братств Подільської губернії.
Встановлено, що упродовж другої половини ХІХ ст. обставини заснування та подальшу діяльність православних братств на території Подільської губернії регулювали «Основні правила для заснування православних церковних братств». Цей нормативний документ визначав і контролював завдання, склад, напрями діяльності братств. На початку ХХ ст. у суспільно-політичному житті Російської імперії відбулися певні зміни, що, у свою чергу, вплинули на становище православних братств Правобережної України. Це внесло певні корективи у діяльність православних братств, оскільки церковне управління Подільської єпархії уклало та затвердило нові правила, що регулювали подальшу роботу цих братств.
Архівні документи про роль П.В. Скаржинського у врегулюванні соціально-економічної ситуації на Волині наприкінці 1915 – на початку 1917 рр.
Authors: Цецик Ярослав
Published: January 2022

У статті проаналізовано комплекси архівних документів, де висвітлено роль останнього волинського губернатора П. Скаржинського у вирішенні соціально-економічних проблем регіону у 1915 – на початку 1917 рр. Встановлено, що органи влади, й особисто губернатор, докладали значних зусиль, щоб вирішити нагальні проблеми забезпечення продуктами та паливом повітові міста регіону. Окрема увага приділена аналізу документів щодо співпраці у цьому напрямі між губернатором та органами місцевого самоврядування.

З’ясовано, що після звільнення у 1916 р. Західної Волині від австро-угорських і німецьких військ соціально-економічна й епідеміологічна ситуація у регіоні була вкрай напруженою. Це було зумовлено не лише руйнуваннями внаслідок воєнних дій, а й скупченням величезної кількості військ, неможливістю підвезти необхідні товари до звільнених населених пунктів через завантаженість залізниці військовими перевезеннями.

На основі неупередженого дослідження документів доведено, що незважаючи на зусилля губернатора, на соціально-економічне становище регіону великий вплив мала діяльність військових інтендантів, які, насамперед, турбувалися про забезпечення армії, а проведення реквізицій не завжди давало бажаний результат.
Мемуари В. Галана в якості джерела з історії Галицької армії
Authors: Пархоменко Владислав
Published: January 2022

Стаття присвячена аналізу спогадів Володимира Галана (1893-1978) в якості джерела з історії Галицької армії 1918-1920 рр., її участі у визвольній боротьбі та причинах невдач. Увага звертається на особистісний контекст формування мемуарних свідчень, з’ясовується ступінь їх об’єктивності, важливість наведеного фактичного матеріалу, корисність цієї інформації для відображення державотворчих процесів доби Української революції.

Наголошено, що активне залучення спогадів сприятиме формуванню доволі об’єктивної картини перебігу історичних подій, активізуватиме вивчення державотворчих процесів початку ХХ ст. вітчизняною історіографією.
Проблема служби жінок у збройних силах у британському публічному дискурсі 1939-1945 рр. (на матеріалах періодичних видань)
Authors: Залєток Наталія
Published: January 2022

Метою статті є аналіз особливостей сприйняття британським суспільством у 1939-1945 рр. служби жінок у збройних силах як явища. Авторка доходить висновку, що у британській періодиці зазначеного періоду була оприлюднена низка матеріалів, в яких містилася оцінка широкого спектру заходів, пов’язаних із залученням британок до служби у війську, порушувалися питання про засади, на яких могли служити жінки тощо. Мусимо констатувати, що у представлених публікаціях містилася низка критичних висловлювань щодо жіночої служби, особливо це стосувалося можливості виконання ними бойових ролей. Вельми значна увага у контексті обговорення служби британок приділялася не питанням, пов’язаним з їхньою фаховістю, а зовнішньому вигляду, особливостям форми, яка, на думку деяких, не була «жіночною», проблемам, які потенційно можуть виникнути через те, що успіхи британок на службі у збройних силах стануть перешкодою майбутньому заміжжю, адже самодостатні жінки навряд чи будуть покірними тощо.
Identification and Cross-Characterisation of Artificial Promoters and 5′ Untranslated Regions in Vibrio natriegens
Authors: Tietze Lisa , Mangold Antonia , Hoff Maria W. , Lale Rahmi
Published: January 2022

Vibrio natriegens has recently gained attention as a novel fast-growing bacterium in synthetic biology applications. Currently, a limited set of genetic elements optimised for Escherichia coli are used in V. natriegens due to the lack of DNA parts characterised in this novel host. In this study, we report the identification and cross-characterisation of artificial promoters and 5′ untranslated regions (artificial regulatory sequence, ARES) that lead to production of fluorescent proteins with a wide-range of expression levels. We identify and cross-characterise 52 constructs in V. natriegens and E. coli. Furthermore, we report the DNA sequence and motif analysis of the ARESs using various algorithms. With this study, we expand the pool of characterised genetic DNA parts that can be used for different biotechnological applications using V. natriegens as a host microorganism.
Inflammasome Activation in Myeloid Malignancies—Friend or Foe?
Authors: Andina Nicola , Bonadies Nicolas , Allam Ramanjaneyulu
Published: January 2022

Myeloid malignancies including myelodysplastic syndromes, myeloproliferative neoplasms and acute myeloid leukemia are heterogeneous disorders originating from mutated hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs). Genetically, they are very heterogeneous and characterized by uncontrolled proliferation and/or blockage of differentiation of abnormal HSPCs. Recent studies suggest the involvement of inflammasome activation in disease initiation and clonal progression. Inflammasomes are cytosolic innate immune sensors that, upon activation, induce caspase-1 mediated processing of interleukin (IL) -1-cytokine members IL-1β and IL-18, as well as initiation of gasdermin D-dependent pyroptosis. Inflammasome activation leads to a pro-inflammatory microenvironment in the bone marrow, which drives proliferation and may induce clonal selection of mutated HSPCs. However, there are also contradictory data showing that inflammasome activation actually counteracts leukemogenesis. Overall, the beneficial or detrimental effect of inflammasome activation seems to be highly dependent on mutational, environmental, and immunological contexts and an improved understanding is fundamental to advance specific therapeutic targeting strategies. This review summarizes current knowledge about this dichotomous effect of inflammasome activation in myeloid malignancies and provides further perspectives on therapeutic targeting.
miR-30d-5p: A Non-Coding RNA With Potential Diagnostic, Prognostic and Therapeutic Applications
Authors: Zhao Qinlu , Yuan Xin , Zheng Lian , Xue Miaomiao
Published: January 2022

Cancer is a great challenge facing global public health. Scholars have made plentiful efforts in the research of cancer therapy, but the results are still not satisfactory. In relevant literature, the role of miRNA in cancer has been widely concerned. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a non-coding, endogenous, single-stranded RNAs that regulate a variety of biological functions. The abnormal level of miR-30d-5p, a type of miRNAs, has been associated with various human tumor types, including lung cancer, colorectal cancer, esophageal cancer, prostate cancer, liver cancer, cervical cancer, breast cancer and other types of human tumors. This reflects the vital function of miR-30d-5p in tumor prognosis. miR-30d-5p can be identified either as an inhibitor hindering the development of, or a promoter accelerating the occurrence of tumors. In addition, the role of miR-30d-5p in cell proliferation, motility, apoptosis, autophagy, tumorigenesis, and chemoresistance are also noteworthy. The multiple roles of miR-30d-5p in human cancer suggest that it has broad feasibility as a biomarker and therapeutic target. This review describes the connection between miR-30d-5p and the clinical indications of tumors, and summarizes the mechanisms by which miR-30d-5p mediates cancer progression.
Protein Palmitoylation Modification During Viral Infection and Detection Methods of Palmitoylated Proteins
Authors: Li Xiaoling , Shen Lingyi , Xu Zhao , Liu Wei , Li Aihua , Xu Jun
Published: January 2022

Protein palmitoylation—a lipid modification in which one or more cysteine thiols on a substrate protein are modified to form a thioester with a palmitoyl group—is a significant post-translational biological process. This process regulates the trafficking, subcellular localization, and stability of different proteins in cells. Since palmitoylation participates in various biological processes, it is related to the occurrence and development of multiple diseases. It has been well evidenced that the proteins whose functions are palmitoylation-dependent or directly involved in key proteins’ palmitoylation/depalmitoylation cycle may be a potential source of novel therapeutic drugs for the related diseases. Many researchers have reported palmitoylation of proteins, which are crucial for host-virus interactions during viral infection. Quite a few explorations have focused on figuring out whether targeting the acylation of viral or host proteins might be a strategy to combat viral diseases. All these remarkable achievements in protein palmitoylation have been made to technological advances. This paper gives an overview of protein palmitoylation modification during viral infection and the methods for palmitoylated protein detection. Future challenges and potential developments are proposed.
A Bibliometric Analysis of Global Research on Japanese Encephalitis From 1934 to 2020
Authors: Xu Chongxiao , Zhang Weijia , Pan Yuefeng , Wang Guowei , Yin Qikai , Fu Shihong , Li Fan , He Ying , Xu Songtao , Wang Zhenhai , Liang Guodong , Nie Kai , Wang Huanyu
Published: January 2022

Japanese encephalitis (JE) is a mosquito-borne disease caused by the Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV). The disease is mainly an epidemic in Asia and has been studied for nearly 90 years. To evaluate the research trends of JE, 3,023 English publications between 1934 and 2020 were retrieved and analyzed from the Web of Science database using indicators for publication, country or territory, citation, journal, author and affiliation, keyword co-occurrence cluster, and strongest citation bursts detection. The results of the bibliometric analysis and the visualization tools show that the number of annual publications on JE has been increasing. JE has been continuously studied in the USA and also many Asian countries, such as Japan, China, India, and South Korea; however, only a few publications have high citations. The main research groups of JE in the last 5 years were in China, Japan, and the UK. The keyword co-occurrence analysis and the strongest citation bursts detection revealed that most studies focused on the pathogenic mechanism of JEV, control of outbreaks, and immunization with JE vaccine. The research maps on JE obtained by our analysis are expected to help researchers effectively explore the disease.
Individual Sensitivity to Change in the Lingua Franca Use of English
Authors: Taipale Irene , Laitinen Mikko
Published: January 2022

The study of ongoing change in English typically focuses on studying evidence from codified varieties of the language. Recent corpus studies show, however, that advanced non-native users of English may display heightened sensitivity to features undergoing frequency shifts similar to that experienced by native speakers. In addition, most studies aiming to detect patterns of linguistic regularity utilize large data sets that attempt to minimize the presence of the individual. In this study, we focus on change in ELF and place non-native individuals at the center of attention. Our empirical section examines how aggregated features that are currently undergoing change in codified varieties of English vary in the repertoires of ELF users of Twitter. To carry out this task, this study utilizes geo-tagged tweets retrieved from the Nordic Tweet Stream. The data obtained from this real-time monitor corpus are freely available for research and re-use athttps://cs.uef.fi/nts/. For the analysis itself, we selected the idiolects of 150 individual users who actively tweet in English from geographically varying locations in Finland. As American English predominates with several patterns of linguistic change in codified varieties of English, a simplified dichotomy between American and British features is utilized as a conceptual tool for inspecting variation. The idiolects are analyzed from the perspective of spelling and lexico-grammatical and morphological variation, such as V+ -ing|V + infinitive (e.g.start doing|start to do) and expanded predicates (e.g.take a look|have a look). The quantitative observations show that, particularly in the case of grammatical features, ELF speakers appear to have generally adhered to ongoing linguistic change.
“Alexa, You're Really Stupid”: A Longitudinal Field Study on Communication Breakdowns Between Family Members and a Voice Assistant
Authors: Mavrina Lina , Szczuka Jessica , Strathmann Clara , Bohnenkamp Lisa Michelle , Krämer Nicole , Kopp Stefan
Published: January 2022

In this paper, we present the results of our long-term study on use of a voice assistant (Amazon Alexa via Amazon Echo Dot) in nine families with children and no previous experience with this technology. The study was conducted over the course of 5 weeks during which the families could interact with the device freely. Three house visits were made to collect empirical data from the adult participants in form of questionnaires. Additionally, conversational data from log files of the voice assistant were obtained. These data were annotated and analyzed with a focus on communication breakdowns during human-assistant interaction. We investigate user behavior for both adults and children in such situations, its reasons and consequences for user satisfaction. This article provides qualitative analysis of three particularly interesting breakdown cases, as well as statistical analysis along several hypotheses and research questions combining empirical and conversational data. Described cases of communication breakdown illustrate findings from existing literature on the topic. The statistical analysis paints a mixed picture, however, it helped us identify further avenues for research, some of which can be explored with our data set in the future. We found a significant negative effect of the number of abandoned failed requests on user satisfaction, contrary to the number of successfully repaired requests that had no influence on user satisfaction. We discovered that users are more inclined to use reformulation as repair strategy when they do not perceive the emergence of miscommunication as their fault. We could not identify a significant effect of internal reasons for the choice of other strategies, so we suggest that situational clues such as the immediate response of the voice assistant are more important for the choice of repair strategy. Our results also hint that users distinguish between repair strategies differently, as the self-perceived frequency of repetitions and abortions of requests were found to be positive predictors for the use of reformulation-based strategies. With regards to the long-term aspect of the study, use of repetition as a repair strategy by both children and adults significantly decreased with time, no other changes were found for other strategies. Additionally, no significant impact of age on the choice of repair strategy was found, as well as no interaction effect between age and time.
Case Report: Coil Occlusion of Two Congenital Coronary Cameral Fistulas Connecting Right and Left Circumflex Arteries to the Right Ventricle: An Innovative Stent-Assisted Technique
Authors: Buzaev Igor V. , Plechev Vladimir V. , Khalikova Gulchachak , Khabirova Kristina , Nikolaeva Irina Evgenievna , Onorato Eustaquio Maria
Published: January 2022

Background

Coronary cameral fistulas (CCFs) are rare congenital malformations consisting of abnormal vascular connections between coronary arteries and cardiac chambers, often incidentally found during cardiac catheterizations.

Case summary

A 66-year-old female asymptomatic patient, without cardiovascular risk factors and a history of varicose veins lower extremities and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pneumonia in December 2020, was diagnosed by coronary angiography with two large coronary cameral fistulas connecting the distal right coronary artery (RCA) and the distal left circumflex artery (LCx) to the right ventricle (RV). Additional imaging modalities such as two-dimensional transthoracic/transesophageal echocardiography and three-dimensional multidetector CT angiography were required to confirm the fistula's pathway (location, number, and size), which was difficult to delineate using selective coronary angiography alone. After heart team discussion, with the aim to reduce the risk of embolization, an innovative stent-assisted coil occlusion antegrade technique was used with optimal immediate results.

Discussion

Even though our otherwise asymptomatic patient was not the best suitable candidate for an interventional procedure (large vessels, multiple fistulas without distal narrowing, distal portion of the fistula not accessible with the closure device), the innovative stent-assisted fistula coil occlusion technique to stabilize the first coil and deploy safely the additional ones resulted to be key for successful and complete obliteration of the abnormal congenital vascular connections.
A Non-Linear Association of Triglyceride Glycemic Index With Cardiovascular and All-Cause Mortality Among Patients With Hypertension
Authors: Zhou Dan , Liu Xiao-cong , Kenneth Lo , Huang Yu-qing , Feng Ying-qing
Published: January 2022

Background

To investigate the association between insulin resistance (IR), quantified by triglyceride glycemic index (TyG index), cardiovascular mortality (CVM), and all-cause mortality (ACM) in hypertension patients.

Methods

We included 8,554 patients with hypertension aged ≥18 years old from the 1999–2014 National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (NHANES). The status of CVM and ACM of participants were followed through December 31, 2015. Cox proportional hazards models and Kaplan-Meier survival curves were used to evaluate the relationship between TyG index, CVM, and ACM.

Results

During a median of 82 months follow-up, 1,882 mortality cases had occurred, 434 of which were due to cardiovascular disease. The patients with hypertension with TyG ≥ 10 were older, had a higher chance of being smokers, were obese, had higher blood pressure, and had risk or had cardiovascular disease. In Cox proportional hazards models, compared with the patients with TyG <8, those with TyG ≥ 10 had 56% increased risk for ACM. On the other hand, no significant difference for CVM between the four groups were observed. In the restricted cubic spline regression models, the relationship between TyG index and ACM was non-linear. Subgroup analysis showed non-linear relationship between TyG index and ACM in elderly patients aged ≥60 years. The cut-off value of TyG for ACM was 9.45, and those with higher or lower than 9.45 had more risk of ACM. When TyG index was more than 9.52, the risk for CVM would increase among the whole group. Kaplan-Meier survival curves showed patients with TyG ≥ 10 had higher risk of ACM and CVM (Log rank P < 0.05).

Conclusions

We demonstrated that the association between ACM and TyG index in elderly patients with hypertension aged ≥60 years was non-linear. However, TyG index was only more than 9.52, hence, the risk for CVM would increase among the whole hypertension group.
Differential Diagnosis Between Psychogenic Pseudosyncope and Vasovagal Syncope in Children: A Quantitative Scoring Model Based on Clinical Manifestations
Authors: Li Changjian , Zhang Yong , Liao Ying , Han Lu , Zhang Qingyou , Fu Jia , Zhou Dan , Long Shuai , Tian Hong , Jin Hongfang , Du Junbao
Published: January 2022

The study was designed to explore a clinical manifestation-based quantitative scoring model to assist the differentiation between psychogenic pseudosyncope (PPS) and vasovagal syncope (VVS) in children. In this retrospective case-control study, the training set included 233 pediatric patients aged 5–17 years (183 children with VVS and 50 with PPS) and the validation set consisted of another 138 patients aged 5–15 years (100 children with VVS and 38 with PPS). In the training set study, the demographic characteristics and clinical presentation of patients were compared between PPS and VVS. The independent variables were analyzed by binary logistic regression, and the score for each variable was given according to the approximate values of odds ratio (OR) to develop a scoring model for distinguishing PPS and VVS. The cut-off scores and area under the curve (AUC) for differentiating PPS and VVS cases were calculated using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. Then, the ability of the scoring model to differentiate PPS from VVS was validated by the true clinical diagnosis of PPS and VVS in the validation set. In the training set, there were 7 variables with significant differences between the PPS and VVS groups, including duration of loss of consciousness (DLOC) (p < 0.01), daily frequency of attacks (p < 0.01), BMI (p < 0.01), 24-h average HR (p < 0.01), upright posture (p < 0.01), family history of syncope (p < 0.05) and precursors (p < 0.01). The binary regression analysis showed that upright posture, DLOC, daily frequency of attacks, and BMI were independent variables to distinguish between PPS and VVS. Based on the OR values of each independent variable, a score of 5 as the cut-off point for differentiating PPS from VVS yielded the sensitivity and specificity of 92.0% and 90.7%, respectively, and the AUC value was 0.965 (95% confidence interval: 0.945–0.986, p < 0.01). The sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of this scoring model in the external validation set to distinguish PPS from VVS were 73.7%, 93.0%, and 87.7%, respectively. Therefore, the clinical manifestation-based scoring model is a simple and efficient measure to distinguish between PPS and VVS.
Source-Free P-SV Converted-Wave Reverse-Time Migration Using First-Order Velocity-Dilatation-Rotation Equations
Authors: He Bingshou , Yao Xinru , Shao Xiangqi
Published: January 2022

The cross-correlation imaging condition between source- and receiver-wavefields is often used in the elastic wave reverse-time migration (RTM) to utilize P- and S-waves. However, it cannot be applied in the absence of source information (e.g., source location, and source wavelet), which is quite common in passive source exploration. We employ a source-free P-SV converted-wave imaging condition, which only requires the back-propagating receiver-wavefield to utilize the P-SV converted waves in imaging the subsurface structures. The imaging condition is independent of source information, which can avoid the extrapolation and reconstruction of the source-wavefield. As a result, the computational cost is decreased to about one-third of conventional RTM that uses source-wavefield reconstruction strategies, e.g., random boundaries. The memory requirement could be also reduced by avoiding the calculation of source-wavefield. Because our imaging condition uses the vector P-wavefield and vector S-wavefield to utilize the P-SV waves, it is necessary to decouple P-wavefield and S-wavefield during the reverse-time extrapolation of receiver-wavefield. We use the first-order velocity-dilatation-rotation elastic wave equations to realize the reverse-time propagation of vector receiver-wavefield, where the vector P-wavefield and vector S-wavefield can be obtained directly. Based on the above methods, a source-free P-SV converted-wave RTM of multi-component seismic data is realized. The model tests show that this method can generate promising subsurface images and can be complementarily used when conventional cross-correlation imaging conditions are not suitable.
Numerical Investigation of the Anti-infiltration and Anti-Erosion Performance of Composite Layers Mixed With Polyacrylamide and Basalt Fibre for the Protection of Silt Subgrade Slopes
Authors: Guo Shuangfeng , Xu Peiwen , Zhang Peng , Wang Shengnian
Published: January 2022

In view of the failure characteristics of rainfall erosion and imbricate layered sliding of silt subgrade slopes, this paper proposes a slope surface protection technology that is a composite protection layer that combines basalt fibre for reinforcing soil and polyacrylamide for solidifying soil. The anti-infiltration and anti-erosion performances of these proposed composite layers were systematically investigated through the finite element and discrete element numerical simulation methods. Based on the optimum proportions of polyacrylamide and basalt fibre found in a series of mechanical experiments, Geo-studio software was used to simulate numerical tests of rainfall infiltration of the silt subgrade slope, and the variation laws of volumetric water content and pore water pressure at the characteristic points and the selected sections of the slope were discussed. In addition, the PFC2D particle flow program was used to develop numerical tests on the slope erosion process of the composite layers and to analyze the degree of soil erosion during the process. The influences of layer thickness on infiltration and erosion were considered. In conclusion, the results indicate that the composite layers can effectively improve the anti-infiltration and anti-erosion performances of the silt subgrade slope. This highlights that the thickness of composite layers mixed with basalt fibre can satisfy the design parameter requirements for anti-erosion performance.
Distance Learning and School-Related Stress Among Belgian Adolescents During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: De Coninck David , Matthijs Koen , Van Lancker Wim
Published: January 2022

To improve our understanding of the mental health consequences of the shift to distance learning during the COVID-19 pandemic, this study examined which factors are associated with increased school-related stress in adolescents. The sample consists of 16,093 adolescents, aged 12 to 18, who were enrolled in secondary education in Flanders, Belgium in May 2020. Stepwise binomial logistic regressions were used to investigate associations between the (online) learning environment, family-, and peer-related factors and increased stress in adolescents, controlling for sociodemographic characteristics. Results show that overcrowding, financial difficulties, and domestic violence are risk factors for increased stress, while social support and no material deprivation are protective factors. These findings suggest that, in addition to distributing the necessary materials for distance learning, also social policy efforts are required to compensate for the negative effects of distance learning. Without this, distance learning may fail to deliver equal educational opportunities and outcomes.
Characteristics Analysis of Combined Cycle Coupled With High Temperature Gas-Cooled Reactor Based on Progressive Optimization
Authors: Qu Xinhe , Yang Xiaoyong , Wang Jie
Published: January 2022

Owing to the current serious environmental and climate problems, the energy industry must focus on the problem of energy utilization rates. High-temperature gas-cooled reactors (HTGRs) are fourth-generation reactors, characterized by high outlet temperatures. The combined cycle is composed of the gas turbine and steam turbine cycles, and it can realize the cascade utilization of high-quality energy. It is a highly competitive power conversion scheme for HTGRs. In this study, the matching characteristics of the combined cycle coupled with HTGRs are revealed through the progressive optimization method. In the combined cycle coupled with HTGRs, the topping and bottoming cycle are both closed cycles, therefore, the optimization for cycle efficiency is to match the topping and bottoming cycles. For a combined cycle with subcritical steam parameters, there are two extreme values of the combined cycle efficiency that have different power ratios. The characteristics revealed in this study are unique to closed combined cycle coupled with HTGRs.