bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of Heat Processing on IgE Reactivity and Cross‐Reactivity of Tropomyosin and Other Allergens of Asia‐Pacific Mollusc Species: Identification of Novel Sydney Rock Oyster Tropomyosin Sac g 1
Authors: Rolland Jennifer M. , Varese Nirupama P. , Abramovitch Jodie B. , Anania Jessica , Nugraha Roni , Kamath Sandip , Hazard Anita , Lopata Andreas L. , O'Hehir Robyn E.
Published: May 2018

Scope

Shellfish allergy is an increasing global health priority, frequently affecting adults. Molluscs are an important shellfish group causing food allergy but knowledge of their allergens and cross‐reactivity is limited. Optimal diagnosis of mollusc allergy enabling accurate advice on food avoidance is difficult. Allergens of four frequently ingested Asia‐Pacific molluscs are characterized: Sydney rock oyster (Saccostrea glomerata), blue mussel (Mytilus edulis), saucer scallop (Amusium balloti), and southern calamari (Sepioteuthis australis), examining cross‐reactivity between species and with blue swimmer crab tropomyosin, Por p 1.

Methods and results

IgE ELISA showed that cooking increased IgE reactivity of mollusc extracts and basophil activation confirmed biologically relevant IgE reactivity. Immunoblotting demonstrated strong IgE reactivity of several proteins including one corresponding to heat‐stable tropomyosin in all species (37–40 kDa). IgE‐reactive Sydney rock oyster proteins were identified by mass spectrometry, and the novel major oyster tropomyosin allergen was cloned, sequenced, and designated Sac g 1 by the IUIS. Oyster extracts showed highest IgE cross‐reactivity with other molluscs, while mussel cross‐reactivity was weakest. Inhibition immunoblotting demonstrated high cross‐reactivity between tropomyosins of mollusc and crustacean species.

Conclusion

These findings inform novel approaches for reliable diagnosis and improved management of mollusc allergy.
Automated patient‐specific transperineal ultrasound probe setups for prostate cancer patients undergoing radiotherapy
Authors: Camps Saskia Maria , Verhaegen Frank , Vanneste Ben G. L. , de With Peter H. N. , Fontanarosa Davide
Published: May 2018

Purpose

The use of ultrasound imaging is not widespread in prostate cancer radiotherapy workflows, despite several advantages (eg, allowing real‐time volumetric organ tracking). This can be partially attributed to the need for a trained operator during acquisition and interpretation of the images. We introduce and evaluate an algorithm that can propose a patient‐specific transperineal ultrasound probe setup, based on a CT scan and anatomical structure delineations. The use of this setup during the simulation and treatment stage could improve usability of ultrasound imaging for relatively untrained operators (radiotherapists with less than 1 yr experience with ultrasound).

Methods

The internal perineum boundaries of three prostate cancer patients were identified based on bone masks extracted from their CT scans. After projection of these boundaries to the skin and exclusion of specific areas, this resulted in a skin area accessible for transperineal ultrasound probe placement in clinical practice. Several possible probe setups on this area were proposed by the algorithm and the optimal setup was automatically selected. In the end, this optimal setup was evaluated based on a comparison with a corresponding transperineal ultrasound volume acquired by a radiation oncologist.

Results

The algorithm‐proposed setups allowed visualization of 100% of the clinically required anatomical structures, including the whole prostate and seminal vesicles, as well as the adjacent edges of the bladder and rectum. In addition, these setups allowed visualization of 94% of the anatomical structures, which were also visualized by the physician during the acquisition of an actual ultrasound volume.

Conclusion

Provided that the ultrasound probe setup proposed by the algorithm, is properly reproduced on the patient, it allows visualization of all clinically required structures for image guided radiotherapy purposes. Future work should validate these results on a patient population and optimize the workflow to enable a relatively untrained operator to perform the procedure.
The reduction in treatment efficiency at high acoustic powers during MR‐guided transcranial focused ultrasound thalamotomy for Essential Tremor
Authors: Hughes Alec , Huang Yuexi , Schwartz Michael L. , Hynynen Kullervo
Published: May 2018

Purpose

To analyze clinical data indicating a reduction in the induced energy–temperature efficiency relationship during transcranial focused ultrasound (FUS) Essential Tremor (ET) thalamotomy treatments at higher acoustic powers, establish its relationship with the spatial distribution of the focal temperature elevation, and explore its cause.

Methods

A retrospective observational study of patients (n = 19) treated between July 2015 and August 2016 for (ET) by FUS thalamotomy was performed. These data were analyzed to compare the relationships between the applied power, the applied energy, the resultant peak temperature achieved in the brain, and the dispersion of the focal volume. Full ethics approval was received and all patients provided signed informed consent forms before the initiation of the study. Computer simulations, animal experiments, and clinical system tests were performed to determine the effects of skull heating, changes in brain properties and transducer acoustic output, respectively. All animal procedures were approved by the Animal Care and Use Committee and conformed to the guidelines set out by the Canadian Council on Animal Care. MATLAB was used to perform statistical analysis.

Results

The reduction in the energy efficiency relationship during treatment correlates with the increase in size of the focal volume at higher sonication powers. A linear relationship exists showing that a decrease in treatment efficiency correlates positively with an increase in the focal size over the course of treatment (P < 0.01), supporting the hypothesis of transient skull and tissue heating causing acoustic aberrations leading to a decrease in efficiency. Changes in thermal conductivity, perfusion, absorption rates in the brain, as well as ultrasound transducer acoustic output levels were found to have minimal effects on the observed reduction in efficiency.

Conclusions

The reduction in energy–temperature efficiency during high‐power FUS treatments correlated with observed increases in the size of the focal volume and is likely caused by transient changes in the tissue and skull during heating.
Hook Wound Longevity and Use as an Indicator of Largemouth Bass Catch-and-Release Angling Pressure
Authors: Fernholz Savannah , Sylvia Andrea , Weber Michael J.
Published: May 2018

Largemouth Bass Micropterus salmoides (hereafter, “bass”) is a popular sport fish primarily targeted for catch-and-release angling. Hook wounds obtained during angling may provide a short-term mark that could provide an estimate of angling pressure. However, assessments of hook wound detection and longevity and the relationship between the proportion of bass with hook wounds and angler catches are needed before this mark can be validated. We conducted an experimental evaluation to determine the detectability and longevity of hook wounds in bass angled with two different lure types (single hook and crankbait) during May and July, 2015. Next, we evaluated the proportion of bass displaying hook wounds and the frequency of hook wounds in five mouth locations for 369 bass captured during 16 tournaments. Finally, we evaluated the relationship between the number of bass captured at tournaments and the proportion of bass with hook wounds captured by means of electrofishing to demonstrate the application of this technique in the assessment of angling pressure. Hook wounds were detected in 100% of experimentally angled bass on the day of capture. The lowest detection (73%) occurred on day 3, and wounds were detected in 91% of the bass on day 7. In May, 27% of hook wounds were healed (i.e., not detected for the remainder of the observation period) by day 6, whereas 12% of hook wounds were healed by day 6 in July. Hook wounds were detected in 84% of bass captured in tournaments and were evenly distributed among five mouth locations. Finally, the proportion of bass exhibiting hook wounds and captured by means of electrofishing between April and October ranged between 5% and 46% and was positively related to the number of bass weighed at the tournaments. Combined, our results indicate that hook wounds could represent a useful short-term method of marking for estimating angling pressure.
A novel protein‐based prognostic signature improves risk stratification to guide clinical management in early‐stage lung adenocarcinoma patients
Authors: Martínez‐Terroba Elena , Behrens Carmen , de Miguel Fernando J , Agorreta Jackeline , Monsó Eduard , Millares Laura , Sainz Cristina , Mesa‐Guzman Miguel , Pérez‐Gracia José Luis , Lozano María Dolores , Zulueta Javier J , Pio Ruben , Wistuba Ignacio I , Montuenga Luis M , Pajares María J
Published: May 2018

Each of the pathological stages (I–IIIa) of surgically resected non‐small‐cell lung cancer has hidden biological heterogeneity, manifested as heterogeneous outcomes within each stage. Thus, the finding of robust and precise molecular classifiers with which to assess individual patient risk is an unmet medical need. Here, we identified and validated the clinical utility of a new prognostic signature based on three proteins (BRCA1, QKI, and SLC2A1) to stratify early‐stage lung adenocarcinoma patients according to their risk of recurrence or death. Patients were staged according to the new International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer (IASLC) staging criteria (8th edition, 2018). A test cohort (n = 239) was used to assess the value of this new prognostic index (PI) based on the three proteins. The prognostic signature was developed by Cox regression with the use of stringent statistical criteria (TRIPOD: Transparent reporting of a multivariable prediction model for individual prognosis or diagnosis). The model resulted in a highly significant predictor of 5‐year outcome for disease‐free survival (p < 0.001) and overall survival (p < 0.001). The prognostic ability of the model was externally validated in an independent multi‐institutional cohort of patients (n = 114, p = 0.021). We also demonstrated that this molecular classifier adds relevant information to the gold standard TNM‐based pathological staging, with a highly significant improvement of the likelihood ratio. We subsequently developed a combined PI including both the molecular and the pathological data that improved the risk stratification in both cohorts (p ≤ 0.001). Moreover, the signature may help to select stage I–IIA patients who might benefit from adjuvant chemotherapy. In summary, this protein‐based signature accurately identifies those patients with a high risk of recurrence and death, and adds further prognostic information to the TNM‐based clinical staging, even when the new IASLC 8th edition staging criteria are applied. More importantly, it may be a valuable tool for selecting patients for adjuvant therapy. Copyright © 2018 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Design, synthesis, and conformational studies of [DOTA]‐Octreotide analogs containing [1,2,3]triazolyl as a disulfide mimetic
Authors: Testa Chiara , D'Addona Debora , Scrima Mario , Tedeschi Anna Maria , D'Ursi Anna Maria , Bernhard Claire , Denat Franck , Bello Claudia , Rovero Paolo , Chorev Michael , Papini Anna Maria
Published: May 2018

Somatostatin (SS) is a cyclic tetradecapeptide able to inhibit the release of growth hormone (GH) mainly through the binding to two G‐protein coupled receptor (GPCR) subtypes, SSTR2 and SSTR5. These receptors are overexpressed in approximately 90% of carcinoid tumors. However, the clinical use of somatostatin is limited by its short half‐life in vivo. In order to overcome this severe drawback, a huge number of analogs have been prepared, leading to the development of Octreotide, which is currently used in the clinic, among other applications, to treat various neuroendocrine tumors and, radiolabeled by, for example, 111In, 11C, and 68Ga, for imaging SS‐secreting tumors. Despite the success of Octreotide, there is an unmet need for the development of novel, more stable and selective Octreotide‐derived radiotherapeutics. To this end, the Cu(I)‐catalyzed azide‐alkyne 1,3‐dipolar Huisgen's cycloaddition, the prototypic click reaction, presents a promising opportunity to replace the susceptible disulfide bridge with a durable [1,2,3]triazolyl containing bridge and to introduce conformational constraints increasing specific receptor binding. Herein we report the design and synthesis of a series of i‐to‐i + 5 1,4‐ and 4,1‐disubstituted [1,2,3]triazolyl‐bridged cyclopeptides derived from the Octreotide scaffold and their detailed conformational analysis via NMR spectroscopy.
Synthesis, antibacterial, and antibiofilm potential of human autophagy 16 polypeptide and analogues
Authors: Varnava Kyriakos Gabriel , Reynisson Jóhannes , Raghothama Srinivasrao , Sarojini Vijayalekshmi
Published: May 2018

This work demonstrates that the human autophagy 16 polypeptide (Atg16) has antibacterial and antibiofilm potential, perturbs both Gram positive and negative bacterial membranes and subsequently also produces ROS in compromised bacteria. Engineered Atg 16 analogues containing 1‐ and 2‐naphthyl alanines showed significant enhancement of antibacterial activity and eradicated biofilms while also possessing negligible hemolysis of mouse erythrocytes. This new family of antibacterial peptides are promising candidates in the fight against bacterial biofilms, responsible for several thousand deaths annually which are predicted to rise into the millions.
Performance of Metarhizium anisopliae‐treated foam in combination with Phytoseiulus longipes Evans against Tetranychus evansi Baker & Pritchard (Acari: Tetranychidae)
Authors: Azandémè Hounmalon Ginette Y , Maniania Nguya K , Niassy Saliou , Fellous Simon , Kreiter Serge , Delétré Emilie , Fiaboe Komi KM , Martin Thibaud
Published: May 2018

BACKGROUND

Tetranychus evansi (Te) is an exotic pest of solanaceous crops in Africa. The predatory mite Phytoseiulus longipes (Pl) and the fungus Metarhizium anisopliae (Ma) are potential biocontrol agents of Te. The present study investigated the efficacy of fungus‐treated foam placed above or below the third Te‐infested tomato leaf. The persistence of fungus‐treated foam and the performance of Pl with and without fungus‐treated foam were evaluated.

RESULTS

The fungus‐treated foam was effective when Te infestation was below the third tomato leaf as no damage was recorded on any of the upper tomato leaves up to 30 days post‐treatment. However, in the control treatments, the infestation increased considerably from 9 ± 0.3% to 100 ± 0% (mean ± standard error) at 15 days post‐treatment. The reuse of the fungus‐treated foam at 15, 30 and 45 days post‐treatment resulted in 19 ± 1.4%, 25 ± 1.2% and 54 ± 2.1%, respectively, infestation by Te. The fungus‐treated foam and Pl alone were efficient, but there was no benefit to combining them for use against Te.

CONCLUSION

The fungus‐treated foam is an effective method to optimise the use of Ma in screenhouse conditions. These two control agents could be integrated in an integrated pest management strategy for crop protection. However, these results need to be confirmed in large field trials. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry
Optimization of Cell‐Based Multi‐Chamber LAPS Measurements Utilizing FPGA‐Controlled Laser‐Diode Modules
Authors: Dantism Shahriar , Röhlen Désirée , Wagner Torsten , Wagner Patrick , Schöning Michael J.
Published: May 2018

A light‐addressable potentiometric sensor (LAPS) is a field‐effect‐based potentiometric device, which detects concentration changes of an analyte solution on the sensor surface in a spatially resolved way. It uses a light source to generate electron–hole pairs inside the semiconductor, which are separated in the depletion region due to an applied bias voltage across the sensor structure and hence, a surface‐potential‐dependent photocurrent can be read out. However, depending on the beam angle of the light source, scattering effects can occur, which influence the recorded signal in LAPS‐based differential measurements. To solve this problem, a novel illumination unit based on a field programmable gate array (FPGA) consisting of 16 small‐sized tunable infrared laser‐diode modules (LDMs) is developed. Due to the improved focus of the LDMs with a beam angle of only 2 mrad, undesirable scattering effects are minimized. Escherichia coli (E. coli) K12 bacteria are used as a test microorganism to study the extracellular acidification on the sensor surface. Furthermore, a salt bridge chamber is built up and integrated with the LAPS system enabling multi‐chamber differential measurements with a single Ag/AgCl reference electrode.
Spectroscopical UV–Vis implications of an intramolecular η2–Mg coordination in bacteriochlorophyll–a from the Fenna–Matthews–Olson complex
Authors: Mondragón‐Solórzano Gustavo , Barroso‐Flores Joaquín
Published: May 2018

Chlorophylls and their related compounds prominently feature a Mg2+ ion in the center of a porphyrine, with an intermolecular fifth coordination usually observed to place the ion out of the macrocyclic plane. Herein, we assess the role of a potential intramolecular η2–(C = C)Mg interaction and compare it to the intermolecular coordination from the Hystidine groupt to Mg2+ for Bacterichlorophyll–a (Bchl–a), the main photosynthetic pigment in the Fenna–Matthews–Olson complex present in green and purple bacteria. The influence of this fifth coordination on the UV‐Vis spectroscopy (CAM‐B3LYP/cc‐pVDZ), and the concomitant change in geometry around Mg in Bchl–a from planar to pyramidal is assessed by the quantum theory of atoms in molecules based non–covalent interactions scheme and through energetic analysis via natural bond orbital population methods at the M06‐2X/cc‐pVDZ and compared to the reference multi–hapto compound, magnesocene, Cp2Mg.
Preparation and Photoelectrocatalytic Performance of Ti/PbO2 Electrodes Modified with Ti4O7
Authors: Li Dunchao , Wang Shuai , Tian Yihua , Ma Hongchao , Ma Chun , Fu Yinghuan , Dong Xiaoli
Published: May 2018

The Ti4O7 modified Ti/PbO2 electrodes have been prepared by electrodeposition, and investigated systemically using scanning electron microscope (SEM), Energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (EDS), powder X‐ray diffraction (XRD), photoluminescence spectroscopy (PL), and degradation of anthraquinone dye (reactive brilliant blue KN−R: C22H16N2Na2O11S3). It is found that the Ti4O7 modified Ti/PbO2 electrodes possessed smaller PbO2 crystal grains, good porous structure, enhanced oxygen evolution over‐potential and higher electrical conductivity, as compared to that of Ti/PbO2 electrode. Additionally, the Ti4O7 modified Ti/PbO2 electrode exhibited also longer accelerated lifetime, and higher photoelectrocatalytic activity for degradation of anthraquinone dye (reactive brilliant blue KN−R) than that of Ti/PbO2 electrode. The enhancement of the decolorization efficiency and stability for Ti4O7 modified Ti/PbO2 electrodes can be ascribed to the large electrochemical active areas, the presence of photoelectric synergism, rapid separation of photogenerated carriers, inhibition of oxygen precipitation, high current efficiency for formation of hydroxyl radicals, and the weakening of internal stress in PbO2 coatings.
NMR Hyperpolarization of Established PET Tracers
Authors: Braun Manuel , Häseli Sascha , Rösch Frank , Piel Markus , Münnemann Kerstin
Published: May 2018

The development of sensitive probes for directly measuring in vivo processes is at the forefront of medical imaging. In the case of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) the detection of a small number of molecules is a major challenge due to its limited sensitivity. This problem can be tackled by hyperpolarization, which increases the NMR signals up to several orders of magnitude. In this contribution NMR hyperpolarization of non‐radioactive counterparts of two well‐established positron emission tomography (PET) tracers, namely O‐(2‐[18F]fluoroethyl)‐l‐tyrosine ([18F]FET) and [18F]fallypride ([18F]FP), via para‐hydrogen induced polarization (PHIP), to investigate oncological and neurological questions is demonstrated. Significant 1H/13C NMR signal enhancements of several thousand were achieved for both tracers. Partial deuteration of the 13C‐labeled [18F]FET analog resulted in T1 times up to ∼36 s. Hence, this molecule is a candidate for an MRI contrast agent, allowing follow‐up MRI examinations with close succession in time.
Hydrotreatment of 2‐Methoxyphenol over High Ni‐Loaded Sol‐Gel Catalysts: The Influence of Mo on Catalyst Activity and Reaction Pathways
Authors: Alekseeva (Bykova) Maria V. , Rekhtina Margarita A. , Lebedev Maxim Y. , Zavarukhin Sergey G. , Kaichev Vasily V. , Venderbosch Robertus H. , Yakovlev Vadim A.
Published: May 2018

Mo (content ranging from 0 to 18.8 wt%) is used as an additive in Ni‐containing sol‐gel derived catalysts NiCuMo/SiO2 for the hydrotreatment of guaiacol as a model compound in biomass derived pyrolysis liquids. The catalysts had a high Ni loading, from 39 to 51 wt%, promoted by copper with an atomic ratio Cu/Ni close to 0.12. The experiments were done in autoclave at 320 °C, at a hydrogen pressure of 9 MPa. Addition of molybdenum results in an increase in activity of the catalyst, accompanied with an increase in selectivity towards the deoxygenation reactions. This is attributed to the formation of solid solutions NiMo(Cu) and 4+ and 5+ charge states of Mo on the catalyst surface. Moreover, an increased mean metal particles size is observed at higher Mo loading, due to the weakening of the interaction between the active component (Ni) and the stabilizer (SiO2) in the presence of Mo.
Facile Synthesis of a New Class of Pyrazolone Attached Chromene Derivatives Showing Good Binding with β‐Lactoglobulin
Authors: Guha Chayan , Sepay Nayim , Mallik Sumitava , Mallik Asok K.
Published: May 2018

A new class of compounds having both chromene and pyrazolone moieties in the structural motif has been developed starting from 2‐hydroxychalcones and pyrazolones using amberlyst‐15 as a heterogeneous catalyst. The methodology involves a domino sequence of Michael addition, cyclisation, dehydration and aerial oxidation. Most of the compounds thus synthesised show good binding with the carrier protein β‐lactoglobulin. Molecular docking study of the compound showing best binding with the protein has been carried out.
Gold‐Palladium‐Alloy‐Catalyst Loaded UiO‐66‐NH2 for Reductive Amination with Nitroarenes Exhibiting High Selectivity
Authors: Yin Dongdong , Li Chuang , Ren Hangxing , Liu Jinxuan , Liang Changhai
Published: May 2018

Au−Pd alloy catalysts were successfully loaded into amine‐functionalized metal‐organic framework (MOF, UiO‐66‐NH2) via direct absorption/reduction method. The existence of Pd in the alloy was revealed by using in situ fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) with CO as probe molecules. The X‐ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) results demonstrated the Au−Pd alloys were well dispersed within the robust UiO‐66‐NH2. Au−Pd alloy nanoparticles with low Pd content were well dispersed within UiO‐66‐NH2 and exhibited high stability and selectivity for N‐benzylaniline (98%) in the direct reductive amination with benzaldehyde and nitrobenzene.
Molybdenum Carbide Catalysts for Chemoselective Transfer Hydrogenation of Nitroarenes
Authors: Liu Zhaoyong , Wang Xueguang , Zou Xiujing , Lu Xionggang
Published: May 2018

The catalytic transfer hydrogenation of nitroarenes to corresponding amines is an important organic synthesis method in the process of industrial production. Molybdenum carbide catalysts were prepared by temperature‐programmed reduction of the as‐prepared molybdenum trioxide in the flowing 20% CH4/H2 and exhibited excellent catalytic performance for the reduction of nitroarenes under mild conditions. In spite of the presence of halogens and reducible substituents, the catalysts also deliver high chemoselectivity (>99%) for transformation nitroarenes to corresponding amines. The Cycling tests of molybdenum carbide catalysts demonstrated that it is highly stable and could easily be recovered by simple filtration for at least eight recycling reactions without decrease of catalytic activity and chemoselectivity.
An examination of the effects of venture capitalists on the alliance formation activity of entrepreneurial firms
Authors: Blevins Dane P. , Ragozzino Roberto
Published: May 2018

Research Summary: Alliances offer benefits such as access to capital, knowledge, and markets. Yet, due to their lack of legitimacy, entrepreneurial firms find it challenging to engage in alliances. Thus, it is important to examine which factors may drive alliance formation for entrepreneurial firms. We examine whether the presence of venture capitalists (VCs) is such a factor. Whereas current research suffers from endogeneity concerns that make the comparison of VC‐ and non‐VC‐backed firms problematic, our empirical design reduces this problem. Overall, we find that the presence of a VC and a VC's experience with taking firms public are positively associated with entrepreneurial firms’ alliance formation, and that VCs are more active in forming an alliance when the exit outcome is an acquisition, rather than going public.

Managerial Summary: Alliances can be of fundamental importance to the growth of entrepreneurial firms. However, because entrepreneurial firms hold limited resources, their access to alliances may be limited. We study whether entrepreneurial firms backed by venture capitalists (VCs) are more likely to enter into alliances than firms without VC backing. A major problem with this sort of analysis is that VCs may cherry pick the best firms, which in turn are more likely to engage in alliances to begin with, irrespective of VCs. Accordingly, we control for the quality of funded firms, and therefore, isolate the VCs’ contribution to alliance formation. In doing so, we find support for the importance of the role VCs play in entrepreneurial firms’ alliance formations.
Carnian (Late Triassic) conodont faunas from south‐western China and their implications
Authors: Zhang Zaitian , Sun Yadong , Lai Xulong , Wignall Paul B.
Published: May 2018

Conodonts are important index fossils for supra‐regional correlation especially in the Triassic. However, early Carnian conodonts are comparatively poorly known in South China. In this study, conodont biostratigraphy and taxonomy are investigated at three sections in the provinces of Yunnan and Guizhou. Two genera and 23 species are identified, including 4 new species: Quadralella (Q.) postica sp. nov., Q. robusta sp. nov., Q. wignalli sp. nov. and Q. yongningensis sp. nov. Five conodont zones are recognized. They are, in ascending order, the Paragondolella foliata Zone, Q. polygnathiformis Zone, Q. praelindae Zone, Q. aff. auriformis Zone and Q. robusta Zone. Conodonts are reasonably diverse and abundant in the upper Zhuganpo Formation (Julian 1) but decrease sharply in both species richness and diversity towards the Wayao Formation (Julian 2 and younger). It is most likely that this change was caused by climate warming and marine anoxia during the Carnian Humid Episode.
A new placodont from the Upper Triassic of Spain provides new insights on the acquisition of the specialized skull of Henodontidae
Authors: de Miguel Chaves Carlos , Ortega Francisco , Pérez‐García Adán
Published: May 2018

Henodus chelyops Huene is considered to be a highly autapomorphic cyamodontoid placodont with specialized trophic adaptations relative to all the other members of Placodontia. It has been exclusively found in the Carnian (Upper Triassic) of Tübingen (Germany). Here we present a partial skull identified as a new cyamodontoid placodont from the Upper Triassic of El Atance (Guadalajara Province, Spain), Parahenodus atancensis gen. et sp. nov. It is recognized as the sister taxon of H. chelyops, both taxa composing the clade Henodontidae. An emended diagnosis for H. chelyops and Henodontidae is given here. Parahenodus atancensis shares with H. chelyops several cranial characters considered until now to be autapomorphic for the latter, but it also retains some states common in most cyamodontoids. Thus, the discovery of P. atancensis provides new information on the acquisition process of the highly specialized skull of the Henodontidae.
Textual analysis of defects in engineering documentation via systematic decision execution
Authors: Smoots Gregory C.
Published: May 2018

This paper focuses on the Requirements Engineering process's vital role during systems development as the preparatory point and critical foundation of Systems Engineering. This paper proposes a framework for structuring decisions, based upon the INCOSE Decision Management Process that improves decisions early in the System Life Cycle. This paper introduces and applies the Nexus Engineering Execution Generation (NEX GEN) framework, a novel and unique capability to improve requirements by enabling a prediction of their impact on expected systems’ performance to gain efficiencies in budget and acquisition. Using this framework defines requirements in a quantitative manner to determine documented requirement issues. Regression analysis indicated a statistically significant relationship between the predictor variable of ambiguity (linguistic quality attribute) and the response variable of system performance (usability metric). This study provides a framework and metrics as a complementary method for the development of requirements in a theoretical manner for the reflective practitioner. This framework is demonstrated through multiple federal system program case studies.
Model‐based architecture and programmatic optimization for satellite system‐of‐systems architectures
Authors: LaSorda Michael , Borky John M. , Sega Ronald M.
Published: May 2018

This paper presents a new approach to architecture optimization for an enterprise or System of Systems (SoS) with the goal of enhancing individual system acquisition programs and the operational effectiveness of the enterprise as a whole. Replacing the current common practice of utilizing one or two technical parameters serially to evaluate candidate architectures is a better method that employs a fuller set of technical and programmatic variables in a Model‐Based Systems Engineering (MBSE) context. Integrated architecture modelling and optimization is performed in a tool‐supported MBSE process to identify an optimum architecture solution. This specifically addresses the predesign phases of a system acquisition program where leverage on total program cost is the greatest. We seek to improve the ability to deal with challenges such as management independence, technical diversity, and lack of synchronization across the programs involved in a SoS. This implementation results in a higher quality optimization with a more informed, and traceable selection decision. An example satellite communications SoS case study is used to develop the approach and highlight its utility.
Characteristics of Patient Records and Clinical Corpora
Authors: Dalianis Hercules
Published: May 2018

This chapter specifically details the linguistic characteristics of patient record text in the form of spelling errors, domain specific abbreviations, negation and assertion expressions, etc. for English, Swedish and other languages.
Einleitung
Authors: Meier Friedhelm , Harney Anke , Rhiem Kerstin , Neumann Anja , Neusser Silke , Braun Matthias , Wasem Jürgen , Schmutzler Rita , Huster Stefan , Dabrock Peter
Published: May 2018

Die Einleitung skizziert die medizinische Entwicklung und konturiert Problem und Inhalt der vorliegenden Governance Perspective.
Wie können Leistungsansprüche von Personen mit hohen und moderaten Risiken geregelt werden?
Authors: Meier Friedhelm , Harney Anke , Rhiem Kerstin , Neumann Anja , Neusser Silke , Braun Matthias , Wasem Jürgen , Schmutzler Rita , Huster Stefan , Dabrock Peter
Published: May 2018

In diesem Kapitel wird zunächst ein heuristisches Modell für die sozialrechtliche Berücksichtigung von Personen mit hohen und moderaten (Brustkrebs-)Risiken skizziert. Anschließend wird gezeigt, dass die gegebenen Rechtskategorien einen Leistungsanspruch für prophylaktische Maßnahmen bei Vorliegen einer genetischen Disposition nicht adäquat abbilden können. Mit der ‚risikoadaptierten Prävention‘ wird hier ein neuer Rechtsbegriff eingeführt, welcher diese Steuerungslücke im Sozialrecht schließen kann.
Welchen Risikokollektiven gilt die Regelung sozialrechtlicher Leistungsansprüche anhand der ‚risikoadaptierten Prävention‘?
Authors: Meier Friedhelm , Harney Anke , Rhiem Kerstin , Neumann Anja , Neusser Silke , Braun Matthias , Wasem Jürgen , Schmutzler Rita , Huster Stefan , Dabrock Peter
Published: May 2018

In diesem Kapitel werden Kriterien angedacht, die eine Unterscheidung von Personen mit interventionsfordernden und nicht-interventionsfordernden Risiken ermöglichen.
Welche prophylaktischen Maßnahmen sollen welchem individuellen Risiko zugeordnet werden (Allokationskriterien)?
Authors: Meier Friedhelm , Harney Anke , Rhiem Kerstin , Neumann Anja , Neusser Silke , Braun Matthias , Wasem Jürgen , Schmutzler Rita , Huster Stefan , Dabrock Peter
Published: May 2018

In diesem Kapitel wird angezeigt, welche Elemente zur Entwicklung von Allokationskriterien zu berücksichtigen sind. Zudem wird mit zwei allgemeinen Definitionen ein Rahmen zur Bildung von Allokationskriterien abgesteckt.
The relationship of mammal survivorship and body mass modeled by metabolic and vitality theories
Authors: Anderson James J.
Published: May 2018

A model describes the relationship between mammal body mass and survivorship by combining replicative senescence theory postulating a cellular basis of aging, metabolic theory relating metabolism to body mass, and vitality theory relating survival to vitality loss and extrinsic mortality. In the combined framework, intrinsic mortality results from replicative senescence of the hematopoietic stem cells and extrinsic mortality results from environmental challenges. Because the model expresses the intrinsic and extrinsic rates with different powers of body mass, across the spectrum of mammals, survivorship changes from Type I to Type II curve shapes with decreasing body mass. Fitting the model to body mass and maximum lifespan data of 494 nonvolant mammals yields allometric relationships of body mass to the vitality parameters, from which full survivorship profiles were generated from body mass alone. Because maximum lifespan data is predominantly derived from captive populations, the generated survivorship curves were dominated by intrinsic mortality. Comparison of the mass‐derived and observed survivorship curves provides insights into how specific populations deviate from the aggregate of populations observed under captivity.
Growing and Learning When Consumption Is Seasonal: Long-Term Evidence From Tanzania
Authors: Christian Paul , Dillon Brian
Published: May 2018

This article shows that the seasonality of food consumption during childhood, conditional on average consumption, affects long-run human capital development. We develop a model that distinguishes differences in average consumption levels, seasonal fluctuations, and idiosyncratic shocks, and estimate the model using panel data from early 1990s Tanzania. We then test whether the mean and seasonality of a child’s consumption profile affect height and educational attainment in 2010. Results show that the negative effects of greater seasonality are 30 % to 60 % of the magnitudes of the positive effects of greater average consumption. Put differently, children expected to have identical human capital based on annualized consumption measures will have substantially different outcomes if one child’s consumption is more seasonal. We discuss implications for measurement and policy.
Numerical analysis of thermal deformation and residual stress in automotive muffler by MIG welding
Authors: Lee S.H. , Kim E.S. , Park J.Y. , Choi J.
Published: May 2018

In the automotive industry, metal inert gas (MIG) of welding technology is widely used for automotive muffler fabrication. However, the muffler is distorted by thermal deformation during the welding process. In this paper, the prediction of MIG welding-induced deformation and residual stress are simulated by SYSWELD software. The cross-section shapes of the molten pool predicted by the numerical analysis are compared to the experimental results. In the results of the stress, while compressive stresses are produced in regions away from the weld, high tensile stresses are produced in regions near the weld. Deformation values are calculated as 2.5 mm. The location of the actual welding deformation was similar to the experimental results. Based on the results, the methods to optimize the welding procedure will be provided by SYSWELD to improve muffler productivity.

Highlights The prediction of MIG welding-induced deformation and residual stress are simulated by SYSWELD software. The cross-section shapes of the molten pool predicted by the numerical analysis are compared to the experimental results. The location of the actual welding deformation are similar to the experimental results. Based on the results, the methods will be provided by SYSWELD to improve muffler productivity.
Three-Year Follow-Up Study in Patients with Guillain-Barré Syndrome
Authors: Martic Vesna , Bozovic Ivo , Berisavac Ivana , Basta Ivana , Peric Stojan , Babic Milica , Rajic Sonja Lukic , Bjelica Bogdan , Stojiljkovic Tamas Olivera , Stojanov Aleksandar , Grunauer Marija , Cobeljic Mina , Komatina Nenad , Djuric Vanja , Petrovic Milutin , Vujovic Balsa , Dominovic Kovacevic Aleksandra , Djordjevic Gordana , Jovanovic Dejana , Stevic Zorica
Published: May 2018

A majority of patients with Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) have tendency of a good recovery. Our aim was to evaluate the outcome of the disease 1 and 3 years after GBS symptom onset. Methods: During 2014, GBS was diagnosed in 82 patients in seven tertiary healthcare centers. Neurological follow-up was conducted in 57 (70%) patients after 1 year, and in 54 (66%) after 3 years. Functional disability was estimated according to the GBS disability scale (GDS), with a score of 0-3 indicating mild disability and a score of 4-6 indicating severe disability during acute phase, whereas a score >1 indicated poor recovery on follow-ups. Visual analog scale was used to assess sensory symptoms and musculoskelatal pain, and Krupp’s Fatigue Severity Scale was used to asses fatigue. Results: Poor functional outcome was found in 39% of GBS patients at year 1 and 30% at year 3. Paresthesias/dysesthesias were detected in 60% of patients after 1 year and 43% after 3 years. Musculoskeletal pain was present in 40% of patients at year 1 and 33% at year 3. Significant fatigue after 1 year was found in 21% of subjects and after 3 years in 7%. Parameters associated with poor functional outcome after 1 year were age >55 years (p=0.05), severe disability at admission (p<0.05), and on discharge (p<0.01). Poor functional outcome after 3 years was associated with male gender (p<0.05) and severe disability on discharge (p=0.06). Conclusion: One and even three years after GBS onset, a substantial number of patients had neurological sequelae, including functional disability, sensory symptoms, pain, and fatigue.
FROM EMPTY PEWS TO EMPTY CRADLES: FERTILITY DECLINE AMONG EUROPEAN CATHOLICS
Authors: Berman Eli , Iannaccone Laurence R. , Ragusa Giuseppe
Published: May 2018

Total fertility in the Catholic countries of Southern Europe has dropped to remarkably low rates (=1.4) despite continuing low rates female labor force participation and high historic fertility. We model three ways in whichreligionaffects the demand for children – through norms, market wages, and childrearing costs. We estimate these effects using new panel data on church attendance and clergy employment for 13 European countries from 1960 to 2000, spanning the Second Vatican Council (1962–65). Using nuns per capita as a proxy for service provision, we estimate fertility effects on the order of 300 to 400 children per nun. Moreover, nuns outperform priests as a predictor of fertility, suggesting that changes in childrearing costs dominate changes in theology and norms. Reduced church attendance also predicts fertility decline, but only for Catholics, not for Protestants. Service provision and attendance complement each other, a finding consistent with club models of religion.
Clinical implications of the proposed ICD-11 PTSD diagnostic criteria
Authors: Barbano Anna C. , van der Mei Willem F. , Bryant Richard A. , Delahanty Douglas L. , deRoon-Cassini Terri A. , Matsuoka Yutaka J. , Olff Miranda , Qi Wei , Ratanatharathorn Andrew , Schnyder Ulrich , Seedat Soraya , Kessler Ronald C. , Koenen Karestan C. , Shalev Arieh Y.
Published: May 2018

Background

Projected changes to post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) diagnostic criteria in the upcoming International Classification of Diseases (ICD)-11 may affect the prevalence and severity of identified cases. This study examined differences in rates, severity, and overlap of diagnoses using ICD-10 and ICD-11 PTSD diagnostic criteria during consecutive assessments of recent survivors of traumatic events.

Methods

The study sample comprised 3863 survivors of traumatic events, evaluated in 11 longitudinal studies of PTSD. ICD-10 and ICD-11 diagnostic rules were applied to the Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale (CAPS) to derive ICD-10 and ICD-11 diagnoses at different time intervals between trauma occurrence and 15 months.

Results

The ICD-11 criteria identified fewer cases than the ICD-10 across assessment intervals (range −47.09% to −57.14%). Over 97% of ICD-11 PTSD cases met concurrent ICD-10 PTSD criteria. PTSD symptom severity of individuals identified by the ICD-11 criteria (CAPS total scores) was 31.38–36.49% higher than those identified by ICD-10 criteria alone. The latter, however, had CAPS scores indicative of moderate PTSD. ICD-11 was associated with similar or higher rates of comorbid mood and anxiety disorders. Individuals identified by either ICD-10 or ICD-11 shortly after traumatic events had similar longitudinal course.

Conclusions

This study indicates that significantly fewer individuals would be diagnosed with PTSD using the proposed ICD-11 criteria. Though ICD-11 criteria identify more severe cases, those meeting ICD-10 but not ICD-11 criteria remain in the moderate range of PTSD symptoms. Use of ICD-11 criteria will have critical implications for case identification in clinical practice, national reporting, and research.
RomanImperiumand the Restoration Church
Authors: Rose Jacqueline
Published: May 2018

This article examines the late-seventeenth-century Church of England's understanding of rulers’ ecclesiasticalimperiumthrough analysing a pamphlet debate about Julian the Apostate and Church-state relations in the fourth-century Roman empire. In 1682 an Anglican cleric, Samuel Johnson, printed an account of Julian's reign that argued that the primitive Christians had resisted the emperor's persecutory policies and that Johnson's contemporaries should adopt the same stance towards the Catholic heir presumptive, James, duke of York. Surveying the reaction to Johnson, this article probes the ability of Anglican royalists to map fourth-century Roman onto seventeenth-century Englishimperium, their assertions about how Christians should respond to an apostate monarch, and whether these authors fulfilled such claims when James came to the throne. It also considers their negotiation of the question of whether miracles existed in the fourth-century imperial Church. It concludes that, despite Rome's territorial dimensions,imperiumremained a fundamentally legal-constitutional concept in this period, and that the debate over Julian highlights the fundamentally tense and ambivalent relationship between Church and empire.
Concepts of Mission in Scottish Presbyterianism: The SSPCK, the Highlands and Britain's American Colonies, 1709–40
Authors: Loughlin Clare
Published: May 2018

This article examines the Society in Scotland for Propagating Christian Knowledge (SSPCK) and its missions in the Highlands and Britain's American colonies. Constituted in 1709 and operating as an auxiliary arm of the Church of Scotland, the SSPCK aimed to extend Christianity in ‘Popish and Infidel parts of the world’. It founded numerous Highland charity schools, and from 1729 sponsored missions to Native Americans in New England and Georgia. Missions were increasingly important in British overseas expansion; consequently, historians have viewed the society as a civilizing agency, which deployed religious instruction to assimilate ‘savage’ heathens into the fold of Britain's empire. This article suggests that the SSPCK was equally concerned with Christianization: missionaries focused on spiritual edification for the salvation of souls, indicating a disjuncture between the society's objectives and the priorities of imperial expansion. It also challenges the parity assumed by historians between the SSPCK's domestic and foreign missions, arguing that the society increasingly prioritized colonial endeavours in an attempt to recover providential favour. In doing so, it sheds new light on Scottish ideas of mission during the first half of the eighteenth century, and reassesses the Scottish Church's role in Britain's emerging empire.
Special Worship in the British Empire: From the Seventeenth to the Twentieth Centuries
Authors: Hardwick Joseph , Williamson Philip
Published: May 2018

Across the British empire, public worship was important for sustaining a sense of community and connectedness. This was most evident in special acts of worship, when the peoples of imperial territories, and sometimes of the whole empire, were asked at times of crisis and celebration to join together in special days or prayers of petition or thanksgiving to God. These occasions, ordered by a variety of civil and ecclesiastical authorities, were an enduring feature of all colonial societies from the seventeenth to the mid-twentieth centuries. Although these special acts of worship have considerable potential for deepening our understanding of various themes in the history of the British empire, they have yet to receive sustained analysis from scholars. This article is concerned with the fundamental task of considering why and how special prayers and days of fasting, humiliation, intercession and thanksgiving were appointed across the empire. By focusing on the causes of, and orders for, these occasions, it indicates reasons for the longevity of this practice, as well as its varied and changing purposes.
Claiming the Land: The Church Missionary Society and Architecture in the Arctic
Authors: Turner Emily
Published: May 2018

The Arctic has claimed much interest in both popular discourse and academic scholarship, most notably concerning the voyages of Sir John Franklin. However, the explorers of the British Navy were not the only representatives of imperial expansion in what is now the Canadian Arctic. During the second half of the nineteenth century, the Church Missionary Society (CMS), the evangelical missionary society of the Church of England, undertook a substantial programme of evangelism throughout the region, not just aiming to convert indigenous people, but also to claim the land for the British empire and establish a strong presence in the region as an integral aspect of the providential expansion of empire. This article contends that the CMS attempted to achieve those aims through the creation of permanent infrastructure which brought the region into the fold of empire in a way that exploration could not, as missionaries used buildings to transform the land and its inhabitants as part of the duty of empire and its agents towards all its inhabitants. In claiming the land for empire, architecture was not just a by-product of occupation but rather a vital and integral agent in securing northern territories for God and empire.