bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Biosorption of doxycycline using Carica papaya L. peels
Authors: Nieva A D , Buenafe R J Q , Orense L M S , Trinidad J M R
Published: November 2019

This study focuses on the batch adsorption of doxycycline in simulated wastewater using Carica papaya L. (papaya) peels. Sorbate concentration (120-1,000 mg/L) and pH (3, 6, and 9) were varied while adsorbent dosage (0.1 g) and contact time (180 min) were fixed. Based on the observations done for both ripe and unripe papaya peels (PP), as the sorbate concentration increases while the pH decreases, the removal efficiency increases. The highest removal efficiency (87.97% for ripe PP and 87.52% for unripe PP) was achieved at 1,000 mg/L and pH=3. The adsorptive capacity for ripe and unripe PP was 215.09 and 213.99 mg/g adsorbent, respectively. Langmuir model fits the data for samples, which indicates a monolayer adsorption on surface of the adsorbent. The data also fits the pseudo-first order kinetic model which suggests that the reaction operates only at the monolayer of papaya peel. Overall, both ripe and unripe PP are capable of adsorbing DC in aqueous solution at 28°C, 3-hour contact time, 0.1g of adsorbent dosage, and at pH 3 under acidic condition.
Prospects for development of water resource projects in Nepal through Sino-Nepal co-operation
Authors: Palikhe S , Zhou J X , Ju M S , Jiang Y F
Published: November 2019

The enormous amount of water resources is a boon of nature for Nepal to escalate its global status and realize the golden era of development in every possible aspect if properly utilized. However, the incompetence of Nepal in current circumstances to arrange basic requisites for harnessing its resources left the Himalayan country behind, in crisis. Meanwhile, the northern neighbouring country China has potential to render the necessary requirements through the platform of Sino Nepal co-operation which certainly yields favourable benefits for both countries and eventually transforms friendship between Kathmandu and Beijing to new horizon. This paper describes water resources of Nepal in the context of hydropower, irrigation and water supply incorporating status of Nepal and necessary technology for development. It also discusses scope, challenges and opportunities for China in Nepalese water resources, all under the platform of Sino-Nepal relationship which ultimately cultivates the co-operation.
Sustainable water provision in Tarakan City
Authors: Surjono  , Indryastuti R W D
Published: November 2019

Clean water provision is the sixth goal of SDGs, in which all countries are struggling to achieve those goals. Indonesia is archipelagic where only 12.38% or around 2,342 islands are inhabited by a total of 17,504 islands. Clean water provision for all inhabited islands, particularly for small islands, have been a significant issue for Government of Indonesia. Availability of fresh water, ground and surface, in a small island is often critical since the island is surrounded by the sea. Hydrological process in providing annual regional fresh water is relatively stagnant. Tarakan City is an island city, located at north-east of the mainland of Kalimantan. Water provision planning is important to close the gap between the supply and demand. The latest local statistics data of population in Tarakan (2015) was 227,200 people [1] and therefore the estimated maximum demand of fresh water was 74,158,080 liters per day or 838.3 liters/second. The capacity of Local State Own Water Enterprise was only 400 liters/second, less than half of the demand. Strategies that can be taken, apart of the efforts to maximize efficient use to save water, are to minimize storm water run-offs, promote better land use planning, and strictly preserve watershed regions to have at least 30% green area.
Adsorptive removal of copper ions in water using electrospun cellulose acetate / chitosan nanostructured membrane
Authors: Aquino R R , Asuncion R M M , Cabungcal M A D E , Vicente S M V , Reyes L Q , Tolentino M S
Published: November 2019

Nanostructured membranes from cellulose acetate (CA) reinforced with chitosan (CS) were developed using electrospinning process and characterized in order to obtain the best blend for the removal of Cu2+ ions in wastewater. Different CA/CS ratios of 95:5 (w/w), 90:10 (w/w), and 85:15 (w/w), respectively, were prepared and electrospun on a constant voltage of 30 kV and a tip-to-collector distance of 18 cm, which are the optimum conditions for this blend. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) were used to characterize the membrane in terms of its morphology and molecular structure. Among the three (3) blends prepared, CA with 15% load of chitosan had exhibited better membrane properties and therefore was utilized in the removal of Cu2+ ions in wastewater. The effect of contact time on the adsorption capacity at constant fiber dosage (0.05 g) in a 50 mL copper nitrate solution containing an initial concentration of 100 ppm Cu(II) was investigated. A strong affinity of Cu+2 ions for pure CA than CA/CS was observed after 4 hours of contact time. However, as equilibrium was established for CA/CS blend, the highest adsorption capacity was recorded. Adsorption kinetics studies were best fitted to pseudo-second-order model describing a chemisorption process that showed a covalent or electrostatic chemical bond between the adsorbent and adsorbate. CA loaded with CS in adsorption of Cu2+ ions in water showed that it is a novel process that could be widely used in the industry.
Evaluation for algae and microcystins in several reservoirs in Haihe River Basin
Authors: Zhang J , Meng X Z , Zhang S L , Wang Y Z , Xu W , Xu M X , Zhou X S
Published: November 2019

In this study, algae and microcystins (MC-LR and MC-RR) were studied in 6 reservoirs in the northeastern part of Haihe River Basin. The results indicate that the eutrophication degree of most reservoirs has been obviously improved, but Yuqiao reservoir and Yanghe reservoir are still in the state of eutrophication. The MC-LR and MC-RR were also detected in Yuqiao reservoir and Yanghe reservoir. In addition, cyanobacteria were dominant spices in the eutrophic reservoirs, and the concentration of microcystins was positively correlated with algae density. Although the concentration of MC-LR is lower than the concentration limits of sanitary standard for drinking water. It is suggested that it should be monitored during the outbreak of cyanobacteria, especially in the later stage of outbreak considering a risk for the health of the water supply population.
Green synthesis of N-doped carbon quantum dots for the detection of nitrite ion in water sample
Authors: Zhao J , Song Q , Wu F , Guo X , Xu T
Published: November 2019

In this work, a green hydrothermal method was used to synthesize nitrogen-doped carbon quantum dots (N-CQDs) from Ecuadorian shrimp shell. X-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern showed that N-CQDs had an amorphous carbon peak. Both Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectra and X-ray photoelectron (XPS) spectra indicated the presence of C, O and N in N-CQDs. The elemental analysis revealed that the weight percentage of C, H and N in N-CQDs are 45.7%, 6.9% and 13.2%, respectively. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) image demonstrated N-CQDs had an average size of 3 nm and spherical shape. While quinine sulfate with 54% fluorescent quantum yield was used as a reference, the quantum output of N-CQDs was calculated to be 23.7%. Ultraviolet-visible absorption spectra of N-CQDs showed that the maximum absorption wavelength was 275 nm. Photoluminescence (PL) spectra of N-CQDs displayed highest PL intensity at excitation and emission wavelengths of 323 and 407 nm, respectively. The results showed that the synthesized samples were N-CQDs. N-CQDs can be used as a fluorescent probe for nitrite ions in water. However, nitrite ion was not detected in Hu County River water and Xi’an tap water. This may be due to the absence of nitrite ion in the selected water samples.
Preparation and characterization of amino modified eucalyptus biochar
Authors: Shi Q L , Wu X Q , Zeng H H , Zhang H , Shahab A
Published: November 2019

Amino modified eucalyptus biochar (ABC) was prepared from eucalyptus biochar by amino amendment with ammonia, concentrated nitric acid, concentrated sulfuric acid and sodium dithionite. The preparation parameters of ABC were optimized by orthogonal experiment. It was found that the optimal preparation process of ABC was: carbonization temperature was 300°C, volume ratio of nitric acid to sulfuric acid was 2:1 and the consumption of ammonia water was 15 ml. The results of characterization indicated that the morphological structure of ABC changed, and the amino functional group was successfully loaded on the surface of the biochar.
Distributed hydrological modelling at multiple hydrological stations in the upper reach of Han River based on SWAT model
Authors: Yang Q , Liu D F , Liu H , Meng X M , Huang Q , Lin M
Published: November 2019

Using distributed hydrological model to study runoff simulation in sub-watershed zones is important to understand the hydrological process in a river basin. In order to identify the sensitive parameters in different regions, in this paper, the SWAT model was constructed based in the upstream area of Shiquan hydrological station in the upper reach of the Han River. The SUFI-2 algorithm is used to analyze the parameter sensitivity of the five hydrological stations in Hanzhong, Yangxian, Shiquan, Youshuijie and Lianghekou, and the monthly runoff process of five stations and the daily runoff process at Shiquan hydrological station were calibrated in 2004-2009 and validated in 2010-2014, respectively. And the simulated results are evaluated at each station. The results show that, the parameter sensitivity of the hydrological stations is different. The value of NSE and R2 of the monthly runoff of each hydrological station were greater than 0.73 in calibration and validation period. The values of relative error are less than 18% except Yangxian station. The daily runoff simulation of Shiquan hydrological station also meets the accuracy requirement of the model. SWAT model has a good applicability in the upper area of Shiquan hydrological station, which provides a basis for the study of the impact of climate change and human activities on runoff in the upper reach of the Han River.
Effect of storm network simplification on flooding prediction with varying rainfall conditions
Authors: Cao X J , Ni G H
Published: November 2019

In the context of climate change and urban expansion, cities are increasingly vulnerable to floods for increased frequency of rainfall extremes. Timely and accurate flooding prediction is crucial to reduce the losses of life and property. Despite its crucial role in urban hydrologic modelling, storm network, as a key component of urban drainage system, has to be simplified because of both the data availability and computation power. Current literatures have noted the effects of storm network simplification (SNS), while the understanding is limited to certain models and conditions and still far from sufficient. In this study, a grid-based urban hydrologic model was employed to further investigate the effects of SNS on flooding prediction under varying rainfall conditions. The results show that SNS significantly affects both peak flow and total flow volume, while simplification to different degrees may lead to opposite effects. Larger degree of simplification leads to underestimation of flooding magnitude, while smaller degree of simplification results in overestimation of flooding magnitude. More importantly, the simulation bias caused by SNS is further amplified with increased rainfall intensity and peak ratio, especially for higher degree simplifications where the underestimation bias of river discharge can be as large as three times. Through qualitative and quantitative analysis, this study helps to further understand the effects of SNS, and provides some bias estimation for flooding prediction and management in urban areas.
Research on hydrological emergency monitoring scheme and technology of Barrier Lake
Authors: Deng S , Mei J Y , Zhou B , Zuo J , Zhang T
Published: November 2019

After the occurrence of the barrier lake, the rapid and effective development of hydrological emergency monitoring plays a key role in formulating emergency plans and reducing the losses caused by secondary disasters. This paper introduces the main characteristics of hydrological emergency monitoring of barrier lake, and the overall situation of emergency monitoring of 11.3 Baige Barrier Lake in Jinsha River in 2018. The scheme of hydrological emergency monitoring of barrier lake is designed, and two non-contact hydrological emergency monitoring methods based on radar and LSPIV technology are proposed according to the existing emergency monitoring methods of barrier lake. It has practical guiding significance for hydrological emergency monitoring of Barrier Lake.
Trend analysis of monthly and annual runoff based on a segmented M-K method in Fuhe River basin, China
Authors: Lou S J , Mo L , Wang Y Q , Zhou J Z
Published: November 2019

It is very important for water resource management to analyse the change rule of runoff. In this paper, a segmented Mann-Kendall trend analysis method, which is called segmented M-K method in the following, is proposed to analyse the periods of significant trend within the time series. This method fills in the gap that the changes of internal trend for long sequence are ignored in M-K trend test, by finding out the significant change period within the long time series. It may be a new method for the analyse of runoff changes. Fuhe River, which is one of the main rivers of Poyang Lake in Yangtze River basin, is taken for example. Based on the runoff data of the Lijiadu section of the Fu River Basin from 1957 to 2015, the interannual variation of runoff over Lijiadu section in Fuhe River basin was quantitatively analysed by using a combined trend analysis method containing linear regression, sliding average, cumulative filter, Mann-Kendall trend test, Mann-Kendall mutation test and segmented M-K method. The results show a light interannual variety and a trend of insignificant increase in annual runoff for whole time series in Fuhe River Basin. However, an insignificant decrease trend, which might course a shortage of water for development and utilization, is found in the period from 1997 to 2015 while a significant increase trend is found between 1963 and 1985. The annual runoff alternates frequently between abundance and drought. However, its interannual variation of monthly runoff is large, and 3 months include January, December and August show a significant increase. From the result of segmented M-K method, both significant increase trend period and significant decrease trend period could be found in flood season months, while only significant increase trend period is found in other months. In addition, the increasing period is close to the middle part of the total time series in dry season months, to the front part in flood season months, and to the rear part in months after flood season.
A efficient urban surface flood model based on cellular automate technique and its application in Wuhan
Authors: Zhou X , Zhong Z Y , Guo S L
Published: November 2019

To achieve fast flood modelling for urban area, a efficient two-dimensional model based on cellular automata was developed and further coupled with a hydrological model. The model is tested using an analytical and a real event case. The analytical case results show that the model is capable of simulating water-depth process with good agreement with the analytical solution under a reasonable slope threshold and grid resolution. Slope threshold and grid resolution are the two key factors affecting the computational efficiency and model accurcay. In the case of the real event case, the results are also reasonably.In general, this model can be applied to rapid flood analysis in large urban areas.
Influence of underlying surface changes on flood characteristics of Xiaoqing River in Shandong Province, China using HEC-HMS model
Authors: Huang D J , Tian C C , Shan C J
Published: November 2019

The hydrological characteristics of the Xiaoqing River Basin (above Chahe Hydrological Station) in Shandong Province, China are changing due to increased urbanization. It has been found that since 1985 the constructed land area in the river basin has increased by 119% in 2015. Any changes in the river basin may increase the flood frequencies which may have severe consequences downstream of the river. We simulated the influence of underlying surface changes on flooding in the Xiaoqing river basin. The hydrological model HEC-HMS, a rainfall- runoff simulation model, was used to simulate the flood volume and the peak discharge values under the two underlying surface conditions in 1985 and 2015. The results indicated that influence of increased urbanization in 2015 increased in the flood volume and the peak discharge by approximately 17.8% and 15.4% on average respectively. Also the runoff R increases by 0.0058 mm for each unit increase of CN
2S
value under the unit rainfall.
Effect of meteorological factor on water consumption of farmland shelterbelt, Northwest China
Authors: Fu S , Xiao Y , Li H Y , Tu X S
Published: November 2019

Estimating farmland shelterbelt water use is important for oasis water resource management and agricultural development. Meteorological measurements combined with sap flow techniques were applied to study the mechanism of water consumption in farmland shelterbelt. Results showed that mean daily sap flow velocity and canopy transpiration of farmland shelterbelt varied from 429± 247 kg m−2 d−1 to 1495±634 kg m−2 d−1 and from 0.45 mm d−1 to 1.58 mm d−1. A multinomial model account for 81.3% of the variation was applied to explain canopy transpiration. Cross validation showed it provided good predictions of canopy transpiration for farmland shelterbelt. Knowing the relationship between climate variability and farmland shelterbelt water consumption is benefit for the management of water resources in oasis agriculture.
Study on benefits evaluation of water diversion project: Case study in water transfer from the Yangtze River to Lake Taihu
Authors: Wang D , Jia J W , Bing J P , Liang Z M
Published: November 2019

To resolve the uneven distribution of water resources and the imbalance between water demand and water supply in Taihu Basin, the Yangtze River to Lake Taihu water transfer (YTWTP) project has been built since 2002. It is considered as a necessary measure to insure the water supply of Taihu basin. For the prospective development of the YTWTP, the comprehensive benefits of the YTWTP were evaluated in this paper. Presently, many studies focus on the intergraded water resources management and the improvement of water environment after water diversion. There are fewer studies on comprehensive benefits evaluation of water diversion. Thus, in this paper, an evaluation framework for comprehensive benefits evaluation of water diversion project was constructed. It was contained of several quantitative methods. The water diversion in 2011 of the YTWTP was selected as the evaluation object. Both the direct and indirect benefits were calculated. It was shown that the comprehensive benefit came to 9.9379 billion yuan. Among them, the direct benefits reached 9.4189 billion yuan, the rest were the indirect benefits. Based on the integrated evaluation framework, the evaluation results indicated that the YTWTP has brought significant benefits on the intake area of Taihu basin. It can be considered as a reference on benefits evaluation of other water transfer projects.
Urban black-odor water body dynamic analysis with high-resolution remote sensing image
Authors: Zhang Q , Wang B W , Wang S F , Guo T
Published: November 2019

The black-odor water has significant negative impacts on the sustainable development of society and survival of mankind. The paper presents a new Urban Black-Odor Water (UBOW) model to identify the urban black-odor water body from high-resolution remote sensing image Gaofen-2(GF-2), to help monitor and control urban black-odor water bodies. The new UBOW model is derived from the analysis of the in-situ observation data and the spectral characteristics of GF-2. It takes advantage of the spectral difference at the blue band, the green band and the red band and has certain theoretical ground. The UBOW model can effectively identify the severe black-odor water and the mild black-odor water. The model is validated by the observation and the overall accuracy can be up to 81%. The UBOW model is used to analyze the dynamics of the urban black-odor water bodies of Beijing China, with monthly GF-2 images from March 2017 to October 2018. Results show that the urban black-odor water bodies, whether it is mild black-odor water bodies or severe black-odor water bodies, have been reduced significantly, which is consistent with the governmental report. This confirms that the Beijing government takes effective measurements to remedy the urban black-odor water bodies.
Investigations on online monitoring of ammonia nitrogen based on distillation-potentiometric titration
Authors: Liu Z Y , Cai Y J , Liu T , Pan H T , Sun X F
Published: November 2019

Water sample pretreatment system and titration detection system were intensely studied based on National environmental protection standards HJ 537-2009 ‘Water quality-Determination of ammonia nitrogen-Distillation-neutralization titration’. These studies pointed out several problems and difficulties, such as an accurate sampling of water, automatically regulate pH, the low efficiency of distillation, short stabilization time of mixing indicator, and the challenge in determining titration endpoints. Some technical solutions exist, and a new on-line monitor of ammonia nitrogen base on distillation-potentiometric titration was designed to measure metering performance indexes, method detection limit (MDL), and limit of quantitation (LOQ). The results showed a maximum absolute error of 0.0398 mg/L on low concentration sample analysis (≤2 mg/L), the relative error reached 1.4% on high concentration sample analysis (>2 mg/L). The method detection limit and limit of quantitation were 0.025 mg/L and 0.17 mg/L, respectively, which could satisfy both A class and B class instruments of metering performance requirements in verification regulation of ammonia nitrogen automatic monitor.
Landscape spatial accessibility analysis of urban water system planning: A case study of Xixian New Area
Authors: Gao W F , Zhu J W , Hao X W
Published: November 2019

Urban water system planning is the special planning of urban master planning, and focuses on ensuring flood control and ecological security. Therefore, it is based on water conservancy disciplines, ignoring its coupling with urban planning and territorial spatial planning to some extent. The composition, structure, distribution pattern, scale and other factors of urban water system affect its security, ecological and landscape functions, and its spatial layout is extremely important. Paper analyses the layout of water system, chooses the landscape accessibility of water system space as the research object, establishes the model and analysis framework, takes the different scale cities as the research scope, chooses three water system planning of Xixian New Area as the case, concretely analyses and demonstrates the spatial accessibility of water system planning, and holds that water system and urban safety should be guaranteed at the macro level, and scientific water system planning should be hold at the medium level, and landscape design is in micro-level. The accessibility of water system landscape is an important aspect of water system planning, which provides scientific basis for rational layout and planning design, creating a good urban space environment.
Analysis of cooperative game of benefit distribution of contract for water saving in college based on modified Shapley value method
Authors: Zhu J W , Chen L , Zhao Y , Xie J C
Published: November 2019

Using Game Theory as a theoretical tool for studying economic behaviors of both parties, a cooperative game model consisting of water-saving service companies and universities is established according to the characteristics of contract for water saving in college. Benefit allocation plan is solved by using shapley value method’s Characteristic which assigns by contribution degree. After further comprehensive consideration of four factors which impact on benefit distribution, a benefit distribution model of contract for water saving in college is established based on modified Shapley value method. Analysis by example shows water saving benefit flows from university to water-saving service company, achieving optimality in the sense of Pareto. The benefit compensation mechanism formed by the model can generate positive incentives for water-saving service companies. This study has practical significance for benefit distribution of contract for water saving in college.
Study on vulnerability assessment of Xiaoxiang water source in Qujing
Authors: Zeng J J , Li K M , Cui Y Q , Kang L F , Cao S Z
Published: November 2019

Most of the urban water sources in Yunnan Plateau Basin, which are mainly reservoir type, are located in Karst mountainous area, with low eco-environmental capacity, high sensitivity and strong vulnerability. However, the vulnerability assessment of water source area is the basis of scientific protection and ecological restoration measures of urban water source area in plateau basin. Based on the study of vulnerability, started from the point of view of the vulnerability of urban water sources in Yunnan plateau basin, and combined with the concept and connotation of urban water source vulnerability in plateau basin, this paper constructs an evaluation index system that reflects the vulnerability of urban water sources in the plateau basin. In this paper, the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation model of urban water source vulnerability in plateau basin is constructed by using the method of fuzzy mathematics, and an example is given to evaluate the vulnerability of Xiaoxiang urban water source in Qujing. The evaluation results show, then combined with the principle of maximum membership degree, it is concluded that the vulnerability comprehensive evaluation vector of Xiaoxiang water source area is (0.125, 0.087, 0.414, 0.359, 0.019), the Xiaoxiang water source area in Qujing is moderately fragile. Among them, hydrometeorological factors and eco-environmental factors are in a state of moderate vulnerability, water pollution factors are in a high vulnerability state, and surface disturbance factors are in a state of non-vulnerability.
Analysis of variation characteristics of runoff at multi-time scales under the influence of reservoir
Authors: Yan B , Zhang X , Chen Y B , Yao L Q , Huang F , Chen Q H , Gao Q S , Zhang L G , Guo L D
Published: November 2019

Reservoirs play a significant role in changing the natural hydrological conditions. This paper studies the change characteristics of runoff fluctuation caused by the Gangkouwan Reservoir in Shuiyangjiang River, and collects the hourly flow data from two hydrological stations upstream and downstream of the reservoir. Through the comparison of the uneven coefficient (CV
) and concentration degree (Cd
) of the two stations, reflect the impact of the reservoir on runoff changes at two-time scales of intra-annual and intra-month. The results shown the Gangkouwan Station has significant changes in runoff distribution at intra-annual and intra-month scales, affected by the reservoir. For the intra-month runoff, the runoff process at Gangkouwan Station is more uniform than Hulesi station in the flood season, because the reservoir has to store water. In the dry season, the opposite is realized, because the reservoir needs to discharge water to generate electricity. This paper is more conducive to deepening the understanding of the impact of reservoir operations on hydrological processes.
The circulation and salt stratification over the south branch of the Yangtze estuary
Authors: Li L J , Zhang W , Zheng J H , Xu Y W
Published: November 2019

The hydrodynamics of China’s Yangtze Estuary is very complicated, due to highly irregular bathymetry, large freshwater discharge from the Yangtze River, strong tidal currents, large salinity gradients and strong interaction between the river and sea waters. Oceanographic measurements were made over the lower part of the Yangtze Estuary (the South Branch of the Yangtze Estuary) to examine the circulation structure and intra-tidal variability of salinity. The least-squares fit to main harmonics was made to explore the sub-tidal circulation. The observed ADCP currents were decomposed into the along-channel and cross-channel velocity to examine the spatial and temporal variability of circulation in the region.The observed study in the 2005 wet season and the 2009 dry season in different channels showed that the tidal straining effect is a major forcing mechanism on salinity stratification and sub-tidal circulation of the Yangtze Estuary. The tidal straining induced circulation was found to be equally important as the classical gravitational circulation in the Yangtze Estuary. This played an important role in maintaining semi-diurnal periodic salinity stratification in the region.
Reliability analysis of micro grid based on load control of electric vehicle
Authors: Chen Jiachao , Chen Xu , Ye Linhao , Huang Tingcheng , Zhang Yongjun
Published: November 2019

With the development of renewable energy technologies, microgrid with distributed energy as the main energy source develops rapidly. As a kind of controllable load, electric vehicles can make up for the impact on the microgrid when they are connected to the microgrid in large quantities, so as to avoid load cutting due to insufficient power generation. In this paper, the reliability of microgrid island operation with wind power generation is studied based on the control strategy of electric vehicle. Firstly, the minimum peak load model of electric vehicles is established to evaluate the regulatory potential of electric vehicles during the island operation of microgrid. Secondly, the source-load-storage joint control strategy of microgrid with power supply reliability is proposed. Then, based on Monte Carlo simulation, a microgrid reliability assessment method based on the minimum peak load model of electric vehicles is proposed. Finally, a numerical simulation is carried out through the modified RBTS Bus6 F4 feeder system. Simulation results verify the effectiveness of the proposed model and strategy.
The use of phase shift angle (PSA) on double stage savonius wind rotor with three points configuration semi-elliptical blade shape
Authors: Sampurno Carolus Borromeus Krishna , Dwi Prija Tjahjana D D , Hadi S
Published: November 2019

Installation of wind turbines as power plants in tall buildings in urban areas can be an alternative energy source. However, urban areas usually have erratic wind conditions. Savonius wind turbines can choose because they have several advantages than the others such as able to rotate at low and variable wind speeds, simple construction, low production costs, and high starting torque. However, the Savonius turbine had a disadvantage of low efficiency. This study was carried out experimentally to study the performance of double stage Savonius wind turbine using a phase shift angle (PSA) and semi-elliptical blade shape with three-point configuration. This turbine used two blades, and the use of double stages done by stacking two turbines. The use of wind tunnels as a source of wind was carried out for data variations., The turbines adjusted with PSA 00, 300, 450, 600 before testing. The test results showed that the use of a phase shift angle on a turbine with this semi-elliptical blade affects turbine performance.
Reusability of Fe-modified MMT nanomembranes and the retrieval of the adsorbed mercury metal
Authors: Lodo M J , Diaz L J
Published: November 2019

Determining the applicability of a wastewater treatment procedure is dependent on its efficiency and cost-effectivity. The main objective of this study is to establish the reusability of Fe-modified MMT nanomembrane when utilized as adsorbent material for wastewaters containing mercury in complex with cyanide in aqueous solutions. Three cycles of adsorption-elution runs were done on the nanomembranes and the mercury (Hg) concentrations in the wastewaters (initial, after adsorption, after elution) were analyzed using HD XRF. Results showed that there was no substantial difference in the adsorption efficiencies for the first two (2) cycles (37.61% and 35.69%). Using 0.01M acetic acid as eluate, the nanomembranes were observed to be reusable twice before the nanomembranes become extensively degraded. In addition, precipitation was employed to retrieve the Hg from the eluates. One (1) g as-received and grinded (150–500μm) sodium thiosulfate (Na2S2O3) precipitants were used and it was established that, after 24 h, the precipitant with finer particle sizes was able to retrieve higher amounts of Hg (as-received:59% vs grinded:87.27%). Moreover, increasing the amount of the grinded Na2S2O3 to 5g resulted to better Hg recovery (89.47%). Further analysis on the derived precipitates also confirmed the presence of Hg (19.90ppm for red precipitates; 24.73ppm for black precipitates).
Cr(VI) removal from synthetic wastewater by amine functionalized SiO2: pH, Isotherm and kinetic studies
Authors: Yang Ting , Han Caiyun , Tang Jie , Luo Yongming
Published: November 2019

The purpose of this study was to investigate the possibility of the utilization of amine functionalized SiO2 as an adsorbent for removing Cr(VI). The structure property of adsorbent was characterized by N2 adsorption-desorption isotherm, XPS, SEM and CO2-TPD. The maximum adsorption capacity of amine functionalized SiO2 was 27.78 mg/g at initial pH=2, which calculated by Langmuir isotherm model. But SiO2 does not have the ability to adsorb Cr(VI) before functionalized. Additionally, the adsorption can be described by the pseudo-second-order kinetic model, which illustrated that the “surface reaction” was the controlling step in adsorption process. From the result of CO2-TPD and adsorption energy, the electrostatic attraction between Cr(VI) species and protonated amine or hydroxyl group were regards as mainly adsorption mechanism.
Green Surface Modifier for Coirdust Waste in Cement Composite
Authors: Lorana John L. , Ortinero Cesar V.
Published: November 2019

This study investigates the use of sodium silicate as surface modifier for coir dust waste in cement composite. The improvement of interfacial bond between the lignocellulosic coir dust material and cement matrix could increase potential application of coir dust waste in civil industry, an added value and a solution to its disposal problem. A coir dust-cement composite was produced using a ratio of 1:.0.11:0.75 by weight of cement (cement: coir dust: water). The specimen sizes of 50mmx50mmx100mm for compression and 50mmx50mmx250mm for modulus of rupture were prepared in triplicate and tested using Universal testing machine. Sodium silicate significantly improved compressive and flexural strength and effectively reduced sorption properties of the coir dust cement composite. Based on the mechanical properties test, produced composite was suitable for light weight construction material.
Quantifying the structure and dynamics of fish shoals under predation threat in three dimensions
Authors: Romenskyy Maksym , Herbert-Read James E , Ioannou Christos C , Szorkovszky Alex , Ward Ashley J W , Sumpter David J T
Published: November 2019

Detailed quantifications of how predators and their grouping prey interact in three dimensions (3D) remain rare. Here we record the structure and dynamics of fish shoals (Pseudomugil signifer) in 3D both with and without live predators (Philypnodon grandiceps) under controlled laboratory conditions. Shoals adopted two distinct types of shoal structure: “sphere-like” geometries at depth and flat “carpet-like” structures at the water’s surface, with shoals becoming more compact in both horizontal and vertical planes in the presence of a predator. The predators actively stalked and attacked the prey, with attacks being initiated when the shoals were not in their usual configurations. These attacks caused the shoals to break apart, but shoal reformation was rapid and involved individuals adjusting their positions in both horizontal and vertical dimensions. Our analyses revealed that targeted prey were more isolated from other conspecifics, and were closer in terms of distance and direction to the predator compared to non-targeted prey. Moreover, which prey were targeted could largely be identified based on individuals’ positions from a single plane. This highlights that previously proposed 2D theoretical models and their assumptions appear valid when considering how predators target groups in 3D. Our work provides experimental, and not just anecdotal, support for classic theoretical predictions and also lends new insights into predatory–prey interactions in three-dimensional environments.
A case study of new approaches to address health inequalities: Due North five years on
Authors: Johnstone Paul W
Published: November 2019

Introduction

When local councils took on responsibility for public health in England in 2013, leaders from across the north of England met to consider the scale of the challenge. As a result, Public Health England commissioned the Due North Report which outlined new approaches in tackling health inequalities. This second paper outlines what has been learnt in five years as a case study. This includes influencing devolution deals and new elected city mayors, planning for economic growth in deprived areas and developing community asset-based approaches. The paper outlines a new framework for place-based planning to reduce health inequalities.

Sources of data

Data was gathered from annual reports from north of England directors of public health, Office for National Statistics, Public Health England’s fingertips database and regional and national publications and strategies such as the Northern Powerhouse.

Areas of agreement

Devolution to English cities and councils as ‘places’ is a new opportunity to address local needs and inequalities. Due North has supported a new public health narrative which locates health action in the most fundamental determinants—how local economies are planned, jobs created and power is to be transferred to communities and connects reducing years of premature ill health to increased economic productivity. Community asset approaches to empower local leaders and entrepreneurs can be effective ways to achieve change.

Areas of controversy

The north–south divide in health is not closing and may be worsening. Different ways of working between local government, health and business sectors can inhibit in working together and with communities.

Growing points

Place-based working with devolved powers can help move away from top down and silo working, empower local government and support communities. Linking policies on health inequalities to economic planning can address upstream determinants such as poverty, homelessness and unsafe environments.

Areas timely for developing research

More research is needed on; (i) addressing inequalities at scale for interventions to influence community-led change and prosperity in deprived areas, and (ii) the impact of devolution policy on population health particularly for deprived areas and marginalised group.

Discussion and conclusions

Commissioning high profile reports like Due North is influential in supporting new approaches in reducing inequality of health through local government, elected mayors; and working with deprived communities. This second paper describes progress and lessons.
Is There a Motherhood Penalty in Academia? The Gendered Effect of Children on Academic Publications in German Sociology
Authors: Lutter Mark , Schröder Martin
Published: November 2019

Based on data that tracks curriculum vitae (CV) and publication records as well as survey information from sociologists in German academia, we examine the effects of parenthood on the publication output of male and female academics that were present in German universities or research institutes in the year 2013. Results indicate that having children leads to a significant decline in the number of publications by women on average, while not affecting the number of publications by men. However, the gendered effect of children on productivity hardly mitigates differences in publication output between men and women, as women still publish about 20 per cent less than men after controlling for the adverse effects of children on productivity. The gendered effect of childbearing depends partly on prior levels of women’s academic achievements, suggesting a mechanism of performance-driven self-selection. Lower-performing women tend to suffer a stronger motherhood penalty than better performing women, while the publication output of successful women (who have been granted academic awards) is not reduced through childbirth. The results indicate that women are better at managing the ‘double burden’ of kids and career if external, award-giving committees have bestowed prestige upon them or indicated their potential for a scientific career.
Variations in mantle lithosphere buoyancy reveal seismogenic behavior in the Sunda-Andaman subduction zone
Authors: Doo Wen-Bin , Lo Chung-Liang , Kuo-Chen Hao , Huang Yin-Sheng , Wu Wen-Nan , Hsu Shu-Kun , Wang Hsueh-Fen
Published: November 2019

The distribution of historic earthquakes in the Sumatra subduction zone reveals, in the fore-arc region, the intense seismic activity and frequent occurrences of Mw > 8 earthquakes throughout the whole area. In contrast, the neighboring region has less dense seismicity, and no large earthquake greater than Mw8 has been observed in the Java subduction zone. Such different seismic behaviors may be due to distinct degrees of the stress accumulation and release. In this study, the strength of plate coupling inferred from mantle lithosphere buoyancy (Hm) estimation is used to explain the seismogenic behavior in the Sunda-Andaman subduction zone. Strong and weak plate coupling status are obtained in the Sumatra and Java subduction zones, respectively. These results can explain the significant differences in seismogenic behaviors in the Sunda-Andaman subduction zone. In assessing the global implications of this finding, we observe that uplifted serpentinized fore-arc mantle peridotite is the critical phenomenon in weak plate coupling cases and leads to a limit on the width of the coupling zone. Strong plate coupling can cause a relatively low gravity anomaly as well as a negative trench-parallel gravity anomaly (TPGA) in the fore-arc regions and correlates well with the occurrence of large earthquakes, whereas weak plate coupling can cause a positive TPGA and constrain the potential occurrence of large earthquakes.
The value of sponsor fit and sincerity when promoting health messages at sport and art events
Authors: Rosenberg M , Lester L , Maitland C , Teal R
Published: November 2019

Commercial companies invest in sport and arts sponsorship to align their brand with highly engaged spectators. Competing for spectator attention are government and non-government organizations promoting healthy lifestyles. This study investigated spectator engagement on the effectiveness of health messages promoted at sponsored events. Surveys from 2165 adults attending 28 sponsored events collected data on event engagement, health message awareness, behavioral intention, and perceptions of sponsor fit and sincerity. Spectators who were more highly engaged in the event showed significantly greater levels of awareness and acceptance of the health message (all P < 0.01). Path analysis showed that product and event interest were significantly related to both fit and sincerity, and perceived sponsorship fit was significantly associated with greater behavioral intention (all P < 0.01). Product, category and event interest, fit and sincerity were significantly greater for positive advocacy messages than neutral or negative advocacy messages (all P < 0.05). Health message sponsorship is assisted by spectator engagement and perceived fit of sponsored health messages. There exists greater potential to actively leverage spectator engagement to build or reinforce the perceived fit and sincerity of health messages to strengthen existing awareness and behavioral intention.
Effects of body mass index on relationship status, social contact and socio-economic position: Mendelian randomization and within-sibling study in UK Biobank
Authors: Howe Laura D , Kanayalal Roshni , Harrison Sean , Beaumont Robin N , Davies Alisha R , Frayling Timothy M , Davies Neil M , Hughes Amanda , Jones Samuel E , Sassi Franco , Wood Andrew R , Tyrrell Jessica
Published: November 2019

Background

We assessed whether body mass index (BMI) affects social and socio-economic outcomes.

Methods

We used Mendelian randomization (MR), non-linear MR and non-genetic and MR within-sibling analyses, to estimate relationships of BMI with six socio-economic and four social outcomes in 378 244 people of European ancestry in UK Biobank.

Results

In MR of minimally related individuals, higher BMI was related to higher deprivation, lower income, fewer years of education, lower odds of degree-level education and skilled employment. Non-linear MR suggested both low (bottom decile, <22 kg/m2) and high (top seven deciles, >24.6 kg/m2) BMI, increased deprivation and reduced income. Non-genetic within-sibling analysis supported an effect of BMI on socio-economic position (SEP); precision in within-sibling MR was too low to draw inference about effects of BMI on SEP. There was some evidence of pleiotropy, with MR Egger suggesting limited effects of BMI on deprivation, although precision of these estimates is also low. Non-linear MR suggested that low BMI (bottom three deciles, <23.5 kg/m2) reduces the odds of cohabiting with a partner or spouse in men, whereas high BMI (top two deciles, >30.7 kg/m2) reduces the odds of cohabitation in women. Both non-genetic and MR within-sibling analyses supported this sex-specific effect of BMI on cohabitation. In men only, higher BMI was related to lower participation in leisure and social activities. There was little evidence that BMI affects visits from friends and family or having someone to confide in.

Conclusions

BMI may affect social and socio-economic outcomes, with both high and low BMI being detrimental for SEP, although larger within-family MR studies may help to test the robustness of MR results in unrelated individuals. Triangulation of evidence across MR and within-family analyses supports evidence of a sex-specific effect of BMI on cohabitation.