bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Stability Monitoring Algorithm with a Combined Slip Tire Model for Maximized Cornering Speed of High-Speed Autonomous Driving
Authors: Kim Jayu , Park Jaeyong , Kim Changhee , Cha Hyunsoo , Yi Kyongsu
Published: April 2023

This paper presents a stability monitoring algorithm with a combined slip tire model for maximized cornering speed of high-speed autonomous driving. It is crucial to utilize the maximum tire force with maintaining a grip driving condition in cornering situations. The model-free cruise controller has been designed to track the desired acceleration. The lateral motion has been regulated by the sliding mode controller formulated with the center of percussion. The controllers are suitable for minimizing the behavior errors. However, the high-level algorithm is necessary to check whether the intended motion is inside of the limit boundaries. In extreme diving conditions, the maximum tire force is limited by physical constraints. A combined slip tire model has been applied to monitor vehicle stability. In previous studies, vehicle stability was evaluated only by vehicle acceleration. The proposed algorithm improves vehicle stability by independently monitoring the saturation point and tire slip angle of four wheels in real-time. The monitoring algorithm and coordinated motion controller have been successfully implemented. The performance has been investigated via both computer simulations and vehicle tests. The vehicle stability is verified by implementing high-speed autonomous driving on a racing track. The results show that the proposed algorithm prevents vehicle instability in advance. In the simulation, the front wheel slip angle decreased from a maximum of 11.5 deg to -5.0 deg, maintaining the vehicle stability. In the vehicle test, the tire slip angle did not exceed the saturation point and showed stable high-speed autonomous driving.
MPC-Based Cooperative Longitudinal Control for Vehicle Strings in a Realistic Driving Environment
Authors: Musa Alessia , Miretti Federico , Misul Daniela
Published: April 2023

This paper deals with the energy efficiency of cooperative cruise control technologies when considering vehicle strings in a realistic driving environment. In particular, we design a cooperative longitudinal controller using a state-of-the-art model predictive control (MPC) implementation. Rather than testing our controller on a limited set of short maneuvers, we thoroughly assess its performance on a number of regulatory drive cycles and on a set of driving missions of similar length that were constructed based on real driving data. This allows us to focus our assessment on the energetic aspects in addition to testing the controller’s robustness. The analyzed controller, based on linear MPC, uses vehicle sensor data and information transmitted by the vehicle driving the string to adjust the longitudinal trajectory of the host vehicle to maintain a reduced inter-vehicular distance while simultaneously optimizing energy efficiency. To keep our controller as close as possible to a real-life deployable technology, we also consider passenger comfort in our MPC design, which is a relevant aspect that is often a conflicting objective with respect to energy efficiency. Our simulation scenario is characterized by a homogeneous string of three battery electric vehicles and was modelled in a MATLAB/Simulink environment. An extensive set of simulation experiments forms the basis for our discussion on the energy-saving potential of cooperative driving automation systems.
Low Friction Coating for High Temperature Bolted Joints in IC Engines
Authors: Zhang Wensheng , Wang Bingxu , Barber Gary , Lamonaca Gianni
Published: April 2023

The IC engine still plays an important role in global markets, although electrified vehicles are highly demanded in some markets. Emission requirements for stoichiometric operation are challenging. This requires the bolted joints for turbo, EGR (Exhaust Gas Recirculation) and exhaust manifold to work under much higher temperature than before. How to avoid fastener breakage due to bolt bending caused by cyclic changes of the thermal conditions in engines is a big challenge. The temperatures of the components in the exhaust, EGR (Exhaust Gas Recirculation) and turbo systems change from ambient temperature to about 800 ~ 1000 °C when engines run at peak power with wide-open throttle. The temperature change induces catastrophic cyclic bending and axial strain to the fasteners. This research describes a method to reduce the cyclic bending displacement in the fasteners using a low friction washer. Mathematical modeling and FEA methods have been employed to specify the design space based on the engine operating conditions. A series of tribological bench tests were conducted to evaluate different coatings on the washer under room temperature and up to 600 °C. A sensitivity study has also been done to identify the factors that affect the coefficient of friction (CoF). A multi-layer coating has been found to be able to provide a low coefficient of friction under high temperature and high pressure. It meets the design requirements and has been validated by engine dyno tests on the exhaust system.
Utilizing Neural Networks for Semantic Segmentation on RGB/LiDAR Fused Data for Off-road Autonomous Military Vehicle Perception
Authors: Faykus Max Henry , Selee Bradley , Smith Melissa
Published: April 2023

Image segmentation has historically been a technique for analyzing terrain for military autonomous vehicles. One of the weaknesses of image segmentation from camera data is that it lacks depth information, and it can be affected by environment lighting. Light detection and ranging (LiDAR) is an emerging technology in image segmentation that is able to estimate distances to the objects it detects. One advantage of LiDAR is the ability to gather accurate distances regardless of day, night, shadows, or glare. This study examines LiDAR and camera image segmentation fusion to improve an advanced driver-assistance systems (ADAS) algorithm for off-road autonomous military vehicles. The volume of points generated by LiDAR provides the vehicle with distance and spatial data surrounding the vehicle. Processing these point clouds with semantic segmentation is a computationally intensive process requiring fusion of camera and LiDAR data so that the neural network can process depth and image data simultaneously. We create fused depth images by using a projection method from the LiDAR onto the images to create depth images (RGB-Depth). A neural network is trained to segment the fused data from RELLIS-3D, which is a multi-modal data set for off road robotics. This data set contains both LiDAR point clouds and corresponding RGB images for training the neural network. The labels from the data set are grouped as objects, traversable terrain, non-traversable terrain, and sky to balance underrepresented classes. Results on a modified version of DeepLabv3+ with a ResNet-18 backbone achieves an overall accuracy of 93.989 percent.
Ansys Driver Development: A General Purpose Driver for Handling and Rough Road Simulations
Authors: Hong Hyung-Joo , Jun Hyochan , Lee Changwook
Published: April 2023

A driver model in multibody dynamic analysis software is to run a vehicle dynamics model in various customer applications: handling events such as lane changes and circle turns, and durability events such as Belgian blocks, hill courses, driveways, and race tracks. Ansys Motion is a robust multibody dynamic analysis software for many applications including vehicle dynamics simulations. This paper discusses Ansys Driver development in Ansys Motion. It addresses developments of critical driver features: identification of vehicle handling capability, a path planning from complex road profiles, an analog filter design, and a longitudinal and lateral control of vehicle models. It also discusses how to achieve the robustness of the driver model for various customer simulation scenarios not affecting simulation output due to too much driver control. This study presents a couple of examples of handling and durability event simulations. Ansys Driver has a robust path following using an optimal preview control comprehending vehicle handling capabilities. It also has a superior speed control, where the vehicle model can rigorously track target vehicle speed profiles not only on a flat surface but also in hilly courses. The examples demonstrated that Ansys Driver can follow given trajectories and speed profiles reasonably well for customer applications in handling and rough road simulations. This paper also presents a couple of next steps in further driver development.
Full-Scale Validation of Modified Pedestrian Dummy
Authors: Asanuma Hiroyuki , Bae Hyejin , Nakamura Hidetoshi , Gunji Yasuaki , Nagashima Akiko , Mori Fumie
Published: April 2023

Injury assessment by using a whole-body pedestrian dummy is one of the ways to investigate pedestrian safety performance of vehicles. The authors’ group has improved the biofidelity of the lower limb and the pelvis of the mid-sized male pedestrian dummy (POLAR III) by modifying those components. This study aims to evaluate the biofidelity of the whole-body response of the modified dummy in full-scale impact tests.

The pelvis, the thigh and the leg of POLAR III have been modified in a past study by optimizing their compliance by means of the installation of plastic and rubber parts, which were used for the tests. The generic buck developed for the assessment of pedestrian dummy whole-body impact response and specified in SAE J3093 was used for this study. The buck representing the geometry of a small family car is comprised of six parts: lower bumper, bumper, grille, hood edge, hood and windshield. Tests were performed by conforming to SAE J2782 that specifies test conditions to evaluate the performance of a mid-sized male pedestrian research dummy. The buck was made to collide with the pedestrian dummy on its right side at 40 km/h. The trajectory of the head, upper spine, mid-thorax and pelvis and the time history of the head velocity were measured and compared with the requirements specified in SAE J2782. In addition, the test results were quantitatively assessed using the ranking method proposed by a past study.

The trajectories of the landmarks along with the time histories of the head velocity generally showed a good match with the requirements specified in SAE J2782, except the trajectory of the pelvis. The biofidelity ranking parameters were rated as “excellent” or “good” using the proposed thresholds. The trajectory of the pelvis was further analyzed from the viewpoints of the structure of the dummy and the generic buck.
Compatibility of Rupp’s Structural Stress Method for Fatigue Life Prediction of Self-Piercing Rivets
Authors: Woo Alan , Behravesh Behzad , Malpot Amelie , Rezaee Saeid , Royer Christine , Jahed Hamid
Published: April 2023

The Self-Piercing Rivet (SPR) is an effective method for joining aluminum sheets and dissimilar materials. The durability assessment of SPR joints is essential for the optimum design of the automotive body-in-white structure. Fatigue analysis is required for any structural system subject to cyclic loading where durability assessment is required. While there is no established fatigue life prediction model for SPR joints, Rupp’s model is a well-established fatigue life prediction method intended for resistance spot welds. Rupp’s model has been the automotive industry’s choice for fatigue life estimation due to its computational efficiency and ability to capture various loading conditions. The purpose of this study is to investigate the compatibility of Rupp’s model with SPR joints. Load-control fatigue testing was conducted on cross-tension SPR joints of aluminum sheets (Al 6016) with dissimilar thicknesses and SPR joints of dissimilar materials (Al 6016 to DX54D steel). Fatigue tests were performed under normal tension, shear, and combined (multiaxial) load cases using a fixture that was developed in-house. Simple finite element (FE) models were generated for the various cross-tension specimens tested in this study, where the sheets and SPR joints were modeled using shell and beam elements, respectively. Components of force and bending moment at the SPR joint were extracted from the FE model. Structural stress values were calculated using Rupp’s equations and the existing set of coefficients that have been obtained for spot welds of aluminum sheets. A new set of coefficients for Rupp's model were extracted for the SPR joints through statistical analysis and the compatibility of Rupp’s model with SPR joints was discussed.
Effect of Edge Finish on Fatigue Behavior of Thin Non-oriented Electrical Steel Sheets
Authors: Gill Gurmeet , Behravesh Behzad , Saha Dulal , Zhang Wensheng , Chen Jim , Lamonaca Gianni , Mills Marie , Jahed Hamid
Published: April 2023

Strict environmental regulations are driving the automotive industry toward electric vehicles as they offer zero emissions. A key component in electric vehicles is the electric motor, where the stator and rotor are manufactured from stacks of thin electrical steel sheets. The electrical steel sheets can be cut in different ways, and the cutting methods may significantly affect the fatigue strength of the component. It is important to understand the effect of the cutting processes on the fatigue properties of electrical steel to ensure there is no premature failure of the electric motor resulting from an improper cutting process.

This investigation compared the effect of three different edge preparation methods (stamping, CNC machining, and waterjet cutting) on the fatigue performance of 0.27mm thick electrical steel sheets. To investigate the effect of the edge finish on fatigue behavior, surface roughness was measured for these different samples. It was determined that the CNC machined samples had the lowest overall roughness over the cut edge, followed by the stamped samples, and the waterjet samples with the worst finish. The fatigue life followed a similar trend where CNC machined samples had the longest life, and the waterjet samples had the lowest life under the same stress amplitude. While the CNC samples had the greatest overall life, the stamped samples could withstand the largest alternating stress out of the three cutting processes because of the residual stresses induced by the stamping process. Additionally, the stamped samples had very close life to the CNC machines samples in the high cycle regime. An investigation was carried out to determine the relationship between surface roughness and residual stress to the fatigue life of the electrical steel.
Fatigue Behavior of Stamped Electrical Steel Sheet at Room and Elevated Temperatures
Authors: Gill Gurmeet , Behravesh Behzad , Saha Dulal , Zhang Wensheng , Chen Jim , Lamonaca Gianni , Mills Marie , Jahed Hamid
Published: April 2023

Electrical steels are silicon alloyed steels that possess great magnetic properties, making them the ideal material choice for the stator and rotor cores of electric motors. They are typically comprised of laminated stacks of thin electrical steel sheets. An electric motor can reach high temperatures under a heavy load, and it is important to understand the combined effect of temperature and load on the electrical steel’s performance to ensure the long life and safety of electric vehicles.

This study investigated the fatigue strength and failure behavior of a 0.27mm thick electrical steel sheet, where the samples were prepared by a stamping process. Stress-control fatigue tests were performed at both room temperature and 150°C. The S-N curve indicated a decrease in the fatigue strength of the samples at the elevated temperature compared to the room temperature by 15-25 MPa in the LCF and HCF regimes, respectively. Looking at the fracture surface, the room temperature samples at both the low- and high-cycle regimes showed some intergranular cleavage facets along with predominant transgranular facets in the crack initiation zone and transitioned to only transgranular cleavage facets in the crack propagation zone. In contrast, the high-temperature samples showed a smaller fatigue damage zone, and outside of this zone, the main failure mechanism was severe necking for both the low- and high-cycle samples. An important finding here was that the crack always initiated from the breakaway zone on the stamped edge of the samples. The higher temperature adversely affected the fatigue strength, as the higher temperature releases residual stresses and annihilates dislocation density induced during the sheet manufacturing and sample preparation, resulting in shorter fatigue life.
Prediction of Water Diffusivity in Hollow Fiber Membranes in a Humidifier Used for a Vehicular Fuel Cell System
Authors: Nguyen Xuan Linh , Yu Sangseok
Published: April 2023

A membrane humidifier application is an effective water and thermal management technique in a vehicular fuel cell system. This fuel cell system could obtain high power density in high-temperature conditions, but this temperature also results in severe dehydration in fuel cell stacks. On the other hand, the water formation and transport complication in the system would flood the proton exchange membrane and flow channels if the system does not have an appropriate control strategy.

The membrane allows water vapor to permeate and migrate the moisture and heat from one side to another so that the heat and mass transfer benefits are considered. In this study, therefore, a shell-tube humidifier was designed with a 21-tube module of hollow fiber membrane, which can take advantage of the high packing density, to investigate water transfer and air humidification. To improve the efficiency of the humidifier in the fuel cell system, a proper geometry was designed to enhance the convection effect on both sides of the membrane. Water transport characteristics in the membrane were analyzed, and an empirical correlation was proposed to predict the vapor diffusion, the overall mass transfer, and the humidifier performance under the typical operating conditions of fuel cell systems. The fuel cell performance and durability are sensitive to temperature, pressure, flow rate, and relative humidity. Hence, the humidifier experiments were carried out with the range of temperature 60 to 80oC, pressure 100 to 250 kPa, flow rate 10 to 30 slpm, and relative humidity 0.6 to 0.9. The 1-D model prediction of diffusivity was expressed via non-dimensional parameters, including Reynold number, Schmidt number, and Sherwood number.
Vehicle in Virtual Environment (VVE) Method of Autonomous Driving Function Evaluation and Development
Authors: Gelbal Sukru Yaren , Aksun Guvenc Bilin , Guvenc Levent
Published: April 2023

Autonomous vehicle (AV) algorithms need to be tested extensively in order to make sure the vehicle and the passengers will be safe while using it after the implementation. Testing these algorithms in real world create another important safety critical point. Real world testing is also subjected to limitations such as logistic limitations to carry or drive the vehicle to a certain location. For this purpose, hardware in the loop (HIL) simulations as well as virtual environments such as CARLA and LG SVL are used widely. This paper discusses a method that combines the real vehicle with the virtual world, called vehicle in virtual environment (VVE). This method projects the vehicle location and heading into a virtual world for desired testing, and transfers back the information from sensors in the virtual world to the vehicle. As a result, while vehicle is moving in the real world, it simultaneously moves in the virtual world and obtains the situational awareness via multiple virtual sensors. This would allow testing in a safe environment with the real vehicle while providing some additional benefits on vehicle dynamics fidelity, logistics limitations and passenger experience testing. The paper also demonstrates an example case study where path following and the virtual sensors are utilized to test a radar based stopping algorithm.
An Interactive Car-Following Model (ICFM) for the Harmony-With-Traffic Evaluation of Autonomous Vehicles
Authors: Meng Haolan , Chen Junyi , Feng Tianyue , Wang Bin , Xiong Lu , Yu Zhuoping , Chen Hong
Published: April 2023

Harmony-with-traffic refers to the ability of autonomous vehicles to maximize the driving benefits such as comfort, efficiency, and energy consumption of themselves and the surrounding traffic during interactive driving under traffic rules. In the test of harmony-with-traffic, one or more background vehicles that can respond to the driving behavior of the vehicle under test are required. For this purpose, the functional requirements of car-following model for harmony-with-traffic evaluation are analyzed from the dimensions of test conditions, constraints, steady state and dynamic response. Based on them, an interactive car-following model (ICFM) is developed. In this model, the concept of equivalent distance is proposed to transfer lateral influence to longitudinal. The calculation methods of expected speed are designed according to the different car-following modes divided by interaction object, reaction distance and equivalent distance. Then the expected acceleration is calculated according to the expected speed, and the corresponding acceleration limit value and reference value are designed under different car-following modes. Through the design and combination of various car-following modes and the customization of model parameters, the ICFM can adjust the recognition range of the forward or side leading vehicle, and calibrate the way and degree of response to the leading vehicle's lane change intention. Through the simulation test, taking the typical ramp merge scene of harmony-with-traffic as an example, the ICFM is verified and compared with the Intelligent Driver Model (IDM). The result shows that the ICFM has the advantage of having interpretable interaction capabilities and is better targeted for evaluation requirements than the IDM, and has the feasibility of being applied to standardized performance evaluation of autonomous vehicles.
Development and Test of ABS/TCS Controller with Dual-Axis Dynamometer HIL Platform
Authors: Liu Shu-Ting , Chang ChihWei , Huang Yen-Hsiang , Lin Ting-He , Chiu Joseph , Lee Jian-Lin
Published: April 2023

This paper describes a Hardware-In-the-Loop (HIL) platform based on the dual-axis dynamometer for development and validation of ABS/TCS controllers. Antilock Braking System (ABS) and Traction Control System (TCS) are standard equipment for passenger vehicles. The ABS, an anti-skid braking assistance system, promotes safety by preventing the locking of wheels during braking. TCS is a control system that prevents the wheels from slipping by moderating driving power to the one that is losing its grip on the road. The real-time platform is based on a dSPACE vehicle model and the simulation environment, and it consists of an actual drive motor, hydraulic braking system and Chroma dual-axis dynamometer test bench, which provide more realistic and complicated conditions than the one-axis platform. With dual-axis architecture, it could effectively perform simulation results of model on two axes. In addition, this HIL system could evaluate the different control logics and performance of developed controllers on the real drive and brake control unit.
Accurate Automotive Spinning Wheel Predictions Via Deformed Treaded Tire on a Full Vehicle Compared to Full Width Moving Belt Wind Tunnel Results
Authors: Sbeih Khaled , Guzman Arturo , Barrera Garcia David , Fougere Nicolas , Jeyasingham Sam , Shock Richard , Mortazawy Mehdi , DeMeo Michael
Published: April 2023

As the automotive industry is quickly changing towards electric vehicles, we can highlight the importance of aerodynamics and its critical role in reaching extended battery ranges for electric cars. With all new smooth underbodies, a lot of attention has turned into the effects of rim designs and tires brands and the management of these tire wakes with the vehicle. Tires are one of the most challenging areas for aerodynamic drag prediction due to its unsteady behavior and rubber deformation.

With the simulation technologies evolving fast regarding modeling spinning tires for aerodynamics, this paper takes the prior work and data completed by the authors and investigates the impact on the flow fields and aerodynamic forces using the most recent developments of an Immerse Boundary Method (IBM). IBM allows us to mimic realistically a rotating and deformed tire using Lattice Boltzmann methods.

This is the third manuscript in a collection of spinning wheel investigations with a full vehicle. The work presented in this paper follows up on the next steps identified in prior publications, taking full advantage of the detailed and accurate experimental data captured at a full width single belt wind tunnel.

Different levels of complexity in wheel modeling are explored and compared to the wind tunnel data allowing to explore the effects of modeling refinement on the computed flow field and aerodynamics forces.
Comparison of Infrastructure- and Onboard Vehicle-Based Sensor Systems in Measuring Operational Safety Assessment (OSA) Metrics
Authors: Das Siddharth , Rath Prabin , Lu Duo , Smith Tyler , Wishart Jeffrey , Yu Hongbin
Published: April 2023

The operational safety of Automated Driving System (ADS)-Operated Vehicles (AVs) are a rising concern with the deployment of AVs as prototypes being tested and also in commercial deployment. The robustness of safety evaluation systems is essential in determining the operational safety of AVs as they interact with human-driven vehicles. Extending upon earlier works of the Institute of Automated Mobility (IAM) that have explored the Operational Safety Assessment (OSA) metrics and infrastructure-based safety monitoring systems, in this work, we compare the performance of an infrastructure-based Light Detection And Ranging (LIDAR) system to an onboard vehicle-based LIDAR system in testing at the Maricopa County Department of Transportation SMARTDrive testbed in Anthem, Arizona. The sensor modalities are located in infrastructure and onboard the test vehicles, including LIDAR, cameras, a real-time differential GPS, and a drone with a camera. Bespoke localization and tracking algorithms are created for the LIDAR and cameras. In total, there are 26 different scenarios of the test vehicles navigating the testbed intersection; for this work, we are only considering car following scenarios. The LIDAR data collected from the infrastructure-based and onboard vehicle-based sensors system are used to perform object detection and multi-target tracking to estimate the velocity and position information of the test vehicles and use these values to compute OSA metrics. The comparison of the performance of the two systems involves the localization and tracking errors in calculating the position and the velocity of the subject vehicle, with the real-time differential GPS data serving as ground truth for velocity comparison and tracking results from the drone for OSA metrics comparison.
Life Cycle Climate Performance of MAC Systems in Battery Electric Vehicles
Authors: Carow James , Nasuta Dennis , Lippy Michael
Published: April 2023

With the emergence of battery electric vehicles (BEVs), new consideration must be given to life cycle climate performance (LCCP) evaluations to support analysis of BEVs and their associated mobile air conditioning (MAC) systems. Instead of estimating greenhouse-gas emissions (GHG) from fuel consumption, as in ICE vehicles, emissions from BEVs are dependent on carbon emission intensities produced by electricity generation for the energy the BEVs consume.

MAC systems in BEVs differ from those of internal combustion engine vehicles (ICEVs) in that their air conditioning (AC) compressors are electrically driven. Additionally, a BEV MAC system may consist of a heat pump which provides the vehicle with both heating and AC. Finally, a BEV may also include a chiller, acting as part of a thermal management system for the drivetrain and batteries. These system changes drive corresponding changes to vehicle test specifications and standards, and in turn, changes to software tools developed and used by industry to facilitate LCCP analysis.

This paper discusses the LCCP approach for analysis of BEVs and will demonstrate the application of the analysis to a single BEV with three different refrigerants, operating in three different locations. Three locations in China were selected for regional analysis for several key reasons: the vehicle market in China is larger compared to the U.S. and European markets, the fuel consumption and GHG emissions of gasoline cars in China for some passenger vehicle segments is higher than that of Europe, and China’s substantial reliance on coal power for electricity produces significantly higher GHG emissions compared to the U.S. and Europe.
Probabilistic Analysis of Transport Induced Emissions in Melbourne City Roads
Authors: Bari Saiful , Iqbal Asif , Rahman Md Mizanur , Jat Amit
Published: April 2023

Because of the negative impacts of pollutions on us and our surroundings, it is important to measure the magnitude of emissions in metropolitan areas where the emission concentrations are highest. The Mesoscale approach was used for probabilistic emission inventory. The traffic volume data for each road link were required and collected from the Victoria state road traffic authority for further calculation for different Euro standards in different vehicle categories. The pollutants studied in this paper are nitrogen oxides (NOX), carbon monoxide (CO), and particulate matter (PM), as transportation-induced emissions constitute the principal source of city pollution. This paper examined the deterministic modelling and stochastic modelling approaches for estimating on-road emissions. The Monte Carlo simulation approach was applied for stochastic modelling. Estimated emissions were calculated using a deterministic approach for various road links, which were 79,000 g/km Carbon Monoxide (CO) for light private vehicles for a particular road link, but when the emissions for the same link were calculated using stochastic modelling, the emission estimated were around 82,000 g/km Carbon Monoxide (CO). This paper also analyzed different scenarios and future scenarios. When a 21% growth (in the year 2030) in vehicle registration is expected, considering the current growth trend, a 17% increase in CO emission is estimated in all vehicle categories. Different scenarios were analyzed assuming 50% of euro 3 vehicles were replaced by euro 5 (by the year 2020), then there would be a 34% reduction in CO emission for the same road link, which is 31,191 g/km less.
Simulation Study of Vehicle Handling Characteristics on Snowy and Icy Terrain
Authors: Tekade Shantanu Gajanan , Sequeira Criston , Bastiaan Jennifer
Published: April 2023

Safety is considered one of the most important parameters when designing a ground vehicle. The adverse effect of weather on a vehicle can lead to a surge in safety issues and accidents. Several safety assistance systems are available in modern vehicles, which are designed to lessen the negative effects of weather hazards. Although these safety systems can intervene during crucial conditions to avoid accidents, driving a vehicle on snowy or icy terrain can still be a challenging task. Road conditions with the least tire-road friction often results in poor vehicle handling, and without any kind of safety system it can lead to mishaps. With the use of Adams Car software and vehicle dynamics modeling, a realistic relationship between the vehicle and road surface may be established. The simulation can be used to have a better understanding of vehicle handling in snowy and icy conditions, tire-ice interaction, and tire modeling. In this work a vehicle dynamics model is created using the Magic Formula tire model for different driving scenarios in an Adams Car simulation environment. The coefficient of friction plays a major role in the virtual experiments, ranging from 0.18 to 0.28 for icy and snowy conditions, respectively. Various vehicle events involving straight line and cornering maneuvers are performed for different vehicles with All Wheel Drive and Front Wheel Drive drivelines. Factors that affect tire and ice interaction are studied, and the limitations of Adams Car are investigated.
Dokumentacija slovstvene folklore na avstrijskem Koroškem v preteklosti in danes
Authors: Piko-Rustia Martina
Published: April 2023

Na Slovenskem narodopisnem inštitutu Urban Jarnik, kjer raziskave in dokumentacije obsegajo vsa področja slovstvene folklore, je nesnovna kulturna dediščina močno razvejano raziskovalno področje. Avtorica v prispevku predstavlja kratek zgodovinski pregled zbiranja slovstvene folklore na Koroškem v funkciji utrjevanja slovenskega jezika, kulture in identitete (do leta 1920), v funkciji ohranjanja jezika, kulture in identitete (do leta 1991) in v iskanju sodobnih funkcij slovenske slovstvene folklore na Koroškem kot žive dediščine.
Things We Could Design: For More Than Human-Centered Worlds by Ron Wakkary
Authors: Pavlović Pavle
Published: April 2023

Ron Wakkary’s Things We Could Design: For More Than Human-Centered Worlds (MIT Press, 2021) aims to rethink the direction of design practice using a posthumanist approach. This book is the result of years of professional and theoretical experience gained by the author in both academia and practice (Everyday Design Studio). Posthumanist exploration of design stands in opposition to the prevailing “art of human design of the last thirty years,” in which human values have been in the service of a “behavioral understanding of what is human” (p. 1). It represents an exploration of the possibilities for a new understanding of human-technology relations and posthumanism, while also addressing issues of accountability, sustainability, and equality.
Invitation to the Contemporary Spirituality Conference
Authors: Račič Manca , Uhrin Michal , Lešková Dominika
Published: April 2023

The Contemporary Spirituality conference will be held in Ljubljana, Slovenia, at the Department of Ethnology and Cultural Anthropology, on October 6–7, 2023. The conference aims to draw attention to various aspects of religious life, rituals, and spirituality in past and contemporary societies.
Vprašanje strokovnosti in etike pri poseganju v slovstveno folkloro in v njenih objavah
Authors: Stanonik Marija
Published: April 2023

Folklorna besedila še danes ne uživajo pravnega varstva, zato je pripovedovalcem kot vsakokratnim prvim avtorjem in njihovim zapisovalcem/zbiralcem, ki jih je upravičeno upoštevati kot drugotne avtorje, veliko težje uveljavljati avtorske pravice.
Zato obstaja nevarnost, da si jih pridobijo nekateri posamezniki, ki niso niti zapisovalci niti zbiralci na terenu, zgolj uredniki že celo objavljenega zbranega folklornega gradiva ali posameznih avtorskih besedil, še toliko prej, če vanje posegajo lektorsko, marsikdaj tudi pod pretvezo, da jih izboljšujejo in prirejajo za mlade ali nezahtevne bralce.
Teorije zarote o COVID-19 na slovenskem spletu
Authors: Radomirović Maček Kristina
Published: April 2023

Teorije zarote so pomemben model pripovedovalskega korpusa sodobnih skupnosti in obenem značilen družbeni pojav, neločljiv od digitalnih komunikacijskih kanalov. Kot so pokazale številne raziskave, je tradicija teorij zarote v Evropi zelo kompleksna in bogata, pri čemer se ob vsaki družbeni krizi v lokalnih skupnostih, regijah ali na posameznih kontinentih, pa tudi globalno, ponavljajo določeni tipi pripovedi, motivi in tropi, ki se integrirajo v nov družbeno-kulturni kontekst. Zato je potrebno sočasno sledenje podatkom s terena, ki lahko prispevajo k predvidevanju smeri razvoja teorij zarote v prihodnjih družbenih krizah. Medtem ko je bilo v slovenskem javnem prostoru v času pandemije objavljenih veliko prispevkov z različnih področij o vzponu teorij zarote in teoretičnih besedil o teorijah zarote, so umanjkali konkretni podatki s terena. Kvantitativne in kvalitativne analize teorij zarote na terenu bi lahko dodatno podprle znanost v javnem dialogu in obenem podkrepile trud institucij v boju proti teorijam zarote ter podale bolj resnično sliko razmer na terenu.
Medjezikovna prepletanja v ljudskih in cerkvenih pesmih porabskih Slovencev
Authors: Kozar – Mukič Marija
Published: April 2023

Medjezikovna prepletanja v pesmih porabskih Slovencev lahko preučujemo v publikacijah, ki so bile objavljene v zadnjih tridesetih letih. Dvesto ljudskih pesmi je zbranih v knjigah Fučkaj, fučkaj, fantiček moj iz let 2001 in 2003, cerkvene pesmi pa v porabski pesmarici z naslovom Poslušajte vsi ljudje iz leta 2011. Značilni so vplivi madžarščine, nemščine in hrvaščine ter tudi splošnoslovenskega jezika.
La Plaza de los Héroes de la Independencia de Puerto Príncipe, Haití, hacia su balcanización
Authors: Piou Jean Fernney , De la Fuente de Val Gonzalo
Published: April 2023

La Plaza de los Héroes de la Independencia, también llamada Plaza del Campo de Marte, heredera de la Sabana del Rey desde 1749, fue objeto de varios proyectos de renovación. A lo largo de los años, las autoridades han integrado otros temas alejados del motivo central de esta plaza pública; de modo que el fervor patriótico que antaño encarnaba se ha diluido. El objetivo de la investigación fue analizar la evolución de la Plaza a lo largo de su historia y qué futuro le espera, a partir de las diferentes intervenciones realizadas por las sucesivas autoridades políticas, contrasta con el planteamiento aplicado en ciudades de todo el mundo, que crean espacios verdes para mejorar la calidad de vida de sus habitantes. Las fuentes de información fueron artículos científicos, documentos, el Boletín del Instituto para la Salvaguardia del Patrimonio Nacional, planos de la plaza, entrevistas y, por último, visitas sobre el terreno. El análisis de la evolución de la plaza puso de manifiesto la escasa importancia concedida a los espacios públicos en términos de servicios ecosistémicos prestados. La fragmentación del parque en una serie de unidades provoca la pérdida de su simbolismo, identidad propia y, en última instancia, a su balcanización.
Effect of Crushed Clay Brick as Partial Replacement of Fine Aggregate in Concrete
Authors: Ukwizagira Gaspard , Nezerwa Bienvenu , Bush Habimana Umukunzi George
Published: April 2023

The reuse of construction and demolition wastes, especially crushed clay bricks (CCB), represents a major contribution to the environment. Due to the nature of clay bricks, it can be considered as source of fine and coarse aggregate to produce structural concrete. This research has been conducted with the objectives of highlighting the effect of crushed clay brick as partial replacement of fine aggregate in concrete. Compressive strength of concrete made by different partial replacement of fine aggregates were evaluated on (0%,15%, 25%, 30%, 50%, and 75%). To achieve the objectives of this study, the laboratory tests have been performed. The strength of gravels has been investigated by Los Angles Abrasion test according to ASTMC 131. Sieve analysis was performed to determine the particle size distribution. The consistency and fineness test of Cimerwa cement was conducted and results of fineness of cement was 9.165%. Initial setting time was 98 minutes and final setting time was 256 minutes. The compressive strength of concrete was performed and the results at age of 28 days were 31.81Mpa, 29.38Mpa, 27.45Mpa, 24.86Mpa, 17.91Mpa and 15.84Mpa respectively. The percentage reductions for (15%, 25%, 30%, 50% and 75%) was 7.63%, 13.70%, 21.84%, 43.69% and 50.20% respectively. According to IS 456 specified minimum compressive strength of concrete after 28 days of curing is 25N/mm2 for M25 grade of concrete, with the partial replacement of 20%, the resulted compressive strength is 27.45 Mpa.
Demonstration of production and conceptualization of a continuous beam of X-Rays electromagnetic radiation, from Nikola Tesla’s single node tube, with subsequent characterization of the pulsating occult sound frequency, of the inner tube discharge gas, using Artificial Intelligence software, and elaboration of a plan of virtual energy
Authors: Turini Stefano
Published: April 2023

The life work of Serbian scientist and inventor Nikola Tesla has produced important innovations not only in the field of telecommunications and wireless transmission but also in the fields of electrical distribution systems, fluid propulsion and signaling systems. Such is the amount of his work, especially from the point of view of scientific weight, that his resonance will be felt for many decades in the future, having himself been a precursor. One of the experiences of the Serbian inventor, not well known to most people, is his work on X-rays. His experiments led to the definition, at the same time as German physicist Wilhelm Conrad Roentgen published his discovery on "particularly penetrating rays", in 1895, a form of radiation that could pass through soft tissue, highlighting electron-dense structures such as bones. Of great importance is his work which included not only the production of X-rays through the then known Crookes tubes, with anti-cathode, but also on a new version of the X-ray tubes, the one on which this single node study will be focused. of reduced size and even simpler constitution, compared to the aforementioned Crookes tubes with red-hot cathode rays where, X-rays were produced thanks to the impact of fast electrons (cathode rays) on a heavy metal structure, such as Tungsten, Palladium, or Platinum. Beyond the demonstration of the production of X-Rays, through the Tesla Tube, we have demonstrated the possibility of producing audio frequencies, having the same frequency as the X-Rays, thus defining them, Virtual Energy.
Association of commonly reported musculoskeletal pain with the ergonomic risk assessment of first-person shooter personal computer gamers: a cross-sectional pilot study
Authors: Chua Zyrrill Timothy C. , Alcantara Marian Juniella P. , Bolus John Patrick S. , Bringas Lara Francesca P. , Chan Doreen Megan Y. , Hutchings Cassandra Hazel S. , Macabante Armar Louie V. , Siscar Caitrianne T. , Verde Merylyn Ivy B. , Tangcuangco Lyle Patrick D. , Serra Mark Angel B. , Nermal Charles Nicolei M.
Published: April 2023

Introduction: Few to no literature on ergonomic risk assessment focus on gamers and musculoskeletal pain. While there is evidence on the ergonomic risks in mobile gaming, console gaming, and exergaming, there is none particular for first-person shooter games where accuracy and speed of mouse movements are important. The objective of the study is to assess the ergonomic risk and identify its association to the commonly reported musculoskeletal pain of first-person shooter computer gamers.

Methods: The Rapid Upper Limb Assessment was used to determine the ergonomic risk of 10 gamers using a single chosen frame from 30-minute videos taken while playing a first-person shooter game. The Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire was used to identify commonly reported musculoskeletal pain. Fisher Exact Test was performed to quantify the relationship between these variables.

Results: The level of musculoskeletal disorder risk resulted with 80-90% having medium risk and 10-20% having very high risk. Low back and neck pain are the most prevalent pain present in 60% and 50% of the participants respectively. No significant relationship was found between the variables with P values of 0.40 for the left view and 0.13 for the right view.

Discussion: Other factors outside the scope of the study should also be considered such as pain external to gaming, duration of gaming hours, amount of rest periods, and participants’ age. The study provides a protocol that future studies may reference for gaming, specifically in an online setting. However, the relationship between ergonomic risk and commonly reported musculoskeletal pain is found to be statistically insignificant.
Analysis Of Purchasing Certificates Based On Regulations Minister Of Agrarian Spatial Planning Land Agency Number 13 Of 2017
Authors: Ruslan Ruslan
Published: April 2023

This paper aims to describe how the implementation of blocking Land certificate based on sweets ATR / Ka BPN number 13 of 2017 on blocking and confiscation procedures and how legal consequences of blocking the land certificate.To discuss this issue, the authors conducted the study using normative research methods. That the implementation of blocking and its stages must refer to ATR/ BPN Regulation Number 13 Year 2017 on procedures for blocking and confiscation. Where Is The Office Land should be processed as soon as possible if there is a request to block and notify applicant to register with the local District Court due to the validity period of the block only 30 (thirty) days from the date of input of the Land Office application and ends by itself. For notary / land deed officer (PPAT) for each certificate which will be carried out the transfer of rights or encumbrance in order to file application cheking first to the Land Office before making his deed PPAT, the goal is that the requested certificate is not in the process of blocking
Determinación de factores diferenciadores e innovadores de productividad: Club Deportivo Especializado Formativo FEDERIO Riobamba, Ecuador
Authors: Crespo Astudillo Ligia María , Solis Muñoz Juan Bautista , Cevallos Jiménez Patricio Fernando
Published: April 2023

El actual trabajo de investigación tiene como propósito determinar los factores diferenciadores e innovadores de la productividad del Club Deportivo Especializado Formativo FEDERIO para lograr su crecimiento, por medio de un enfoque exploratorio, descriptivo y correlacional. Se elaboró un cuestionario estructurado con la medición de los factores por escala de Likert y la medición de las variables de control, cada ítem del instrumento se validó en consenso con tres expertos y se determinó 44 ítems. Asimismo, la población finita fue de 102 alumnos. Los resultados de la prueba Kolmogorov-Smirnov determinó que es una prueba no paramétrica y se aplicó la correlación de Spearman. Se concluye que la principal variable que influye en la productividad es la Transferencia de Conocimiento (0,864**) y va de la mano con la Innovación, ya que, los alumnos prefieren creatividad, mejora de procesos en el aprendizaje y un diferenciador que satisfaga las necesidades de los consumidores.
Adaptation and Evaluation of Pellet Press Briquette Machine
Authors: wondimagegn Getachew Hailu
Published: April 2023

A good substitute for coal, lignite, and firewood is briquetted fuel made from agricultural leftovers. Compared to loose agro-residues, which have a specific density of 60 to 180 kg/m3 , briquettes have a high (1200–1450 kg/m3 ). Briquettes are formed right where they are made, thus reducing air pollution. In this work, a sawdust and coffee husk briquetting machine is redesigned and built. In this work, briquettes (solid fuels) were made using a screw-type briquetting to compress sawdust and coffee husk at different ratios. An effective densification technique that is suitable for small-scale applications is being adapted by screw press briquetting. The equipment has been modified to generate briquettes at a rate of 187.62 kg per hour. Briquette density, power consumption per kilogram of briquette produced, and calorific value per kilogram of briquette have all been examined in relation to the effect of moisture content in agro-residues and binders utilized. Paper was used as the binding agent, and different biomass binder ratios of 100:10, 100:12.5, and 100:15 were tested to assess the briquette's physical characteristics. The binder level has a big impact on the briquette's physical characteristics. level.