bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The coevolution of rent appropriation and capability development
Authors: Coff Russell W.
Published: January 2010

Extant approaches to rent appropriation are static in that they explore bargaining power at a fixed point in time. This article contributes by examining how capabilities and bargaining power coevolve. As capabilities are developed, those who are favored by knowledge asymmetries make decisions that balance value creation potential against the rent appropriation regime, such as the organizational form in which the capability will be embedded. Using the example of Apple's development of the iPod, this article illustrates how stakeholders plan for rent appropriation as they assemble new capabilities—well before any value is actually created. Given that firm performance is an outcome of both capability development and rent appropriation, a robust theory must incorporate an understanding of how they coevolve. As such, the article highlights the need to integrate property rights theory with theories of value creation and governance costs as actors constantly make trade‐offs along these dimensions. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The role of fairness in alliance formation
Authors: Ariño Africa , Ring Peter Smith
Published: January 2010

We report on data from a revelatory qualitative case study of a failed attempt to form an international joint venture (IJV) agreement. We analyze issues related to distributive, procedural, interpersonal, and informational fairness and the roles of their occurrence in the course of the formation stage of an IJV. We find that perceptions of fairness types shape the partners' decision making logics (a property rights logic, a control rights logic, and a relational quality logic), which in turn influence the partners' evaluations of efficiency and equity of the proposed alliance and their decision on whether or not to form it. We develop propositions around this argument. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Commanding board of director attention: investigating how organizational performance and CEO duality affect board members' attention to monitoring
Authors: Tuggle Christopher S. , Sirmon David G. , Reutzel Christopher R. , Bierman Leonard
Published: January 2010

Boards of directors' attention to monitoring represents an understudied topic in corporate governance. By analyzing hundreds of board meeting transcripts, we find that board members do not maintain constant levels of attention toward monitoring, but instead selectively allocate attention to their monitoring function. Drawing from the attention‐based view, prospect theory, and the literature on power, we find that deviation from prior performance and CEO duality affect this allocation. Specifically, while negative deviation from prior performance increases boards' attention to monitoring, positive deviation from prior performance reduces it. The presence of duality also reduces the boards' allocation of attention to monitoring. Additional analysis demonstrates that the effects of duality are realized in part by the CEO‐chair's control of the meeting's agenda and location. Finally, the results show that duality and deviation from prior performance interactively affect boards' attention to monitoring. In total, we find that board members do not consistently monitor management in order to protect shareholder value, a proposition often assumed within governance research; rather, our results demonstrate that board members' monitoring behaviors are contextually dependent. The contextual dependency of board attention to monitoring suggests that additional efforts may be needed to ensure the protection of shareholders' interests. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Von Außen nach Innen – Neue Anwendungsschwerpunkte im Konstruktiven Glasbau
Authors: Wurm Jan
Published: January 2010

Die Aspekte der Nachhaltigkeit und des ressourcenschonenden Bauens, die immer mehr in den Vordergrund rücken, führen zu einer neuen Balance zwischen transparenten und opaken, hochgedämmten Flächen in der Fassade. Der Schwerpunkt innovativer konstruktiver Verwendungen von Glas verlagert sich zunehmend auf skulpturale und innenräumliche Anwendungen. Der Beitrag zeigt für die Anwendungsfelder Fassade, Innenraum und Möbeldesign anhand konkreter Projekte aktuelle Trends im konstruktiven Glasbau auf. Die Entwicklung geht zu der Verwendung großformatiger, oftmals gebogener und nicht vorgespannter Verbundglasscheiben aus Weißglas, die sich durch hohe Kantenqualitäten auszeichnen und die ohne sichtbare Beschläge durch Form‐, Kraft‐ oder Stoffschluss miteinander gefügt werden – Entwicklungen, die auch für die Verwendung des Baustoffes in der Gebäudehülle eine neue Inspirationsquelle darstellen.
New biotechnological and nanomedicine strategies for treatment of lysosomal storage disorders
Authors: Muro Silvia
Published: January 2010

This review discusses the multiple bio‐ and nanotechnological strategies developed in the last few decades for treatment of a group of fatal genetic diseases termed lysosomal storage disorders. Some basic foundation on the biomedical causes and social and clinical relevance of these diseases is provided. Several treatment modalities, from those currently available to novel therapeutic approaches under development, are also discussed; these include gene and cell therapies, substrate reduction therapy, chemical chaperones, enzyme replacement therapy, multifunctional chimeras, targeting strategies, and drug carrier approaches.WIREs Nanomed Nanobiotechnol2010 2 189–204

This article is categorized under:

Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Emerging Technologies
Synthesis, Structure, and Properties of a New Oxamido‐bridged Macrocyclic Trinuclear Complex
Authors: Zhang Rui‐Hong , Huang Jin , Yang Fan , Wang Qing‐Lun , Yang Guang‐Ming , Liao Dai‐Zheng
Published: January 2010

A new oxamido‐bridged macrocyclic trinuclear complex {[(CuL)(EtOH)]2Cd(EtOH)2}(ClO4)2·H2O (H2L = 2,3‐dioxo‐5,6:13,14‐dichlorobenzo‐7,12‐diphenyl‐1,4,8,11‐tetraazacyclo‐pentadeca‐7,11‐diene)was synthesized and structurally characterized. The central CdII ion of the complex is bridged by macrocyclic oxamido groups. Magnetic properties were studied by susceptibility vs. temperature measurement, the best fitting of the experimental data led to J = –0.59 cm–1. IR and EPR spectra were also investigated.
Two New 2D Metal‐Organic Framework Structures Based on Different Polycarboxylate Anions and Analogue (Pyridyl)imidazole Derivative
Authors: Cui Rui‐Hai , Xu Yan‐Hong , Jiang Zhao‐Hua
Published: January 2010

Two new CdII coordination frameworks with the semirigid asymmetric ligand L, [Cd2L2(p‐bdc)]n (1) and [CdL(btec)0.25]n (2) (L = 4‐[(2‐(pyridine‐2‐yl)‐1H‐imidazol‐1‐yl)methyl]benzoic acid, p‐bdc = 1,4‐benzenedicarboxylic acid, btec = 1,2,4,5‐benzenetetracarboxylic acid), were synthesized hydrothermally. In complex 1, p‐bdc ligands link [Cd2(COO)4N4] double‐chains to give a 2D network. In complex 2, two CdII ions and two ligands L form a 26‐membered ring, which is further connected by btec ligands in chelate‐monodentate coordination modes to construct a 2D polymeric sheet. In addition, the photoluminescence properties of the free ligand L and the two complexes were studied in the solid state at room temperature
Electron Microscopy Investigations on Highly Beam and Moisture Sensitive Samples – the System Li/Ba/Ca
Authors: Kienle Lorenz , Smetana Volodymyr , Duppel Viola , Simon Arndt
Published: January 2010

The system Li/Ba/Ca was investigated by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Three different phases could be identified and characterized. The crystal structure of the previously known compound Li33.3Ba13.1Ca3 was confirmed, however, variable calcium contents were observed in distinct crystallites. The same holds for phases with BaLi4‐ and Ba19Li44‐type structure, respectively. Structural transformations under irradiation occurred which were different for the crystallites of the Li33.3Ba13.1Ca3‐ and Ba19Li44‐types.
On Crystal Structure Investigations of α‐ and β‐Ammoniumdithiocarbamate NH4CS2NH2 and the Role of Hydrogen Bonding
Authors: Teske Christoph L. , Bensch Wolfgang
Published: January 2010

Single crystal X‐ray data of the low temperature α‐ and the high temperature β‐modifications of NH4CS2NH2 were collected at 170(2) K and at 310(2) K, respectively and the crystal structures were investigated. The α‐type crystallizes orthorhombically in the space group Pca21 with a = 8.2290(16), b = 5.6234(11), c = 10.694(2) Å, and the β‐type monoclinically in space group Cc with a = 14.7968(14), b = 9.4974(6), c = 9.3610(9) Å and β = 129.119(9)°. The crystal chemical relations between the two modifications are discussed particularly with regard to the hydrogen‐bonding networks.
Higher Ammoniates of BF3 and SiF4: Syntheses, Crystal Structures, and Theoretical Calculations
Authors: Kraus Florian , Baer Sebastian A.
Published: January 2010

We report on the synthesis and crystal structure of a higher ammoniate of BF3NH3, the monammine trifluorido boron(III) ammonia (1/3), [BF3NH3]·3NH3. The neutral compound crystallizes in the orthorhombic space group Pna21 with a = 11.5062(2), b = 9.9888(2), c = 6.5846(1) Å, V = 756.79(2) Å3, and Z = 4, forming a complex three‐dimensional network through N–H···F and N–H···N hydrogen bonding, including the rare case of a trifurcated N–H···F hydrogen bond. A higher ammoniate of SiF4(NH3)2 was obtained and characterized for the first time. Diammine tetrafluorido silicon(IV) ammonia(1/2), [SiF4(NH3)2]·2NH3, was found to crystallize in the orthorhombic space group Cmca with a = 7.0595(1), b = 7.9814(1), c = 13.4595(2) Å, V = 758.37(2) Å3, and Z = 4. Its structure displays discrete SiF4(NH3)2 molecules, which are connected to crystal ammonia molecules via N–H···N hydrogen bonds and interconnected by N–H···F hydrogen bonds to {}^2_\infty[SiF4(NH3)2·2NH3] sheets. These layers are further interconnected by N–H···F hydrogen bonds from the crystal ammonia molecules leading to a three‐dimensional network. ELF and AIM calculations and population analyses of the ELF basins were carried out for the BF3NH3 and SiF4(NH3)2 units of the two compounds. The calculations reflect the partially covalent bonding of fluorine to boron and silicon and confirm the expected trend of Lewis acidity. It is shown that ELF charges are a better descriptor for the bond covalency in these compounds than AIM charges.
Two Related Porous Thioindates with T3 Clusters, (H2DAH)3In10S18·6H2O and (H2DAH)3In10S18
Authors: Zhang Ming‐Hui , Zhu Qin‐Yu , Bian Guo‐Qing , Lei Zhi‐Xin , Jiang Jian‐Bing , Dai Jie
Published: January 2010

Two high porous thioindates with 1,6‐diaminohexane (DAH), DAH‐InS‐1 and DAH‐InS‐2, were prepared by solvothermal reaction. Though the same T3 supertetrahedral frameworks were reported, the cations are different. DAH is a non‐cyclic diamine and also an economical reagent for synthesis. Because of the structural difference of the structural directing agents, the dimensions of crystal cells of DAH‐InS‐1 and DAH‐InS‐2 are elongated and the total volumes for the cation and solvent are 74.6 and 72.1 % (Platon) larger relative to those reported previously. The two compounds were obtained in one reaction system by controlling the reaction time. Their structures are briefly discussed and the correlativity of crystal shape with the parameters of microstructure is discussed.
Rhenium(V)‐oxidepyrophosphate Re2O3(P2O7)‡
Authors: Islam Saiful M. , Glaum Robert
Published: January 2010

ReV2O3(P2O7) was obtained in chemical vapour transport experiments (700 → 600 °C, addition of I2; bronze coloured, needle shaped single crystals) as well as by isothermal heating. The crystal structure, which is isostructural to WV2O3(P2O7), was refined from single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction data (C2/c, Z = 4, a = 12.2503(5) Å, b = 12.6731(5) Å, c = 5.2188(2) Å, β = 89.968(2)°; 1194 independent reflections, 66 variables, 8 atoms in asymmetric unit, R1 = 0.023, wR2 = 0.049). It consists of [P2O7] groups and highly distorted [ReO6] octahedra [1.822(4) ≤ d(Re–O) ≤ 2.031(4) Å]. The latter forming ribbons [ReO3/1O3/2], which can be regarded as sections of the ReO3 structure type. The infrared spectrum of ReV2O3(P2O7) is reported. An assignment of selected vibrational modes for Re–O and P–O is given.
Magnetic Interactions of the 15‐Electron Nb6F12 Clusters in Nb6F15
Authors: Köhler Jürgen , Simon Arndt , Whangbo Myung‐Hwan
Published: January 2010

The crystal structure of Nb6F15 consists of Nb6F12 clusters that are corner‐shared through linear Nb–F–Nb bridges to form two simple cubic lattices, which interpenetrate each other with F···F van der Waals contacts only. With 15 valence electrons in Nb–Nb bonding states each cluster carries one unpaired spin. 19F NMR and EPR spectroscopic measurements suggest antiferromagnetic ordering in Nb6F15 below 6 K. A spin‐dimer analysis based on tight binding calculations shows that the correct magnetic structure of Nb6F15 associated with this ordering should have the spin arrangement in which two interpenetrating ferromagnetic simple cubic lattices are antiferromagnetically coupled.
Evaluation of Operative Notes Concerning Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy: Are Standards Being Met?
Authors: Wauben Linda S. G. L. , Goossens Richard H. M. , Lange Johan F.
Published: January 2010

Background

Laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) is the most performed minimal invasive surgical procedure and has a relatively high complication rate. As complications are often revealed postoperatively, clear, accurate, and timely written operative notes are important in order to recall the procedure and start follow‐up treatment as soon as possible. In addition, the surgeon’s operative notes are important to assure surgical quality and communication with other healthcare providers. The aim of the present study was to assess compliance with the Dutch guidelines for writing operative notes for LC.

Methods

Nine hospitals were asked to send 20 successive LC operative notes. All notes were compared to the Dutch guideline by two reviewers and double‐checked by a third reviewer. Statistical analyses on the “not described” items were performed.

Results

All hospitals participated. Most notes complied with the Dutch guideline (52–69%); 19–30% of items did not comply. Negative scores for all hospitals were found, mainly for lacking a description of the patient’s posture (average 69%), bandage (94%), blood loss (98%), name of the scrub nurse (87%), postoperative conclusion (65%), and postoperative instructions (78%). Furthermore, notes from one community hospital and two teaching hospitals complied significantly less with the guidelines.

Conclusions

Operative notes do not always fully comply with the standards set forth in the guidelines published in the Netherlands. This could influence adjuvant treatment and future patient treatment, and it may make operative notes less suitable background for other purposes. Therefore operative note writing should be taught as part of surgical training, definitions should be provided, and procedure‐specific guidelines should be established to improve the quality of the operative notes and their use to improve patient safety.
RETRACTED ARTICLE: Long‐Term Outcome of Rives–Stoppa Technique in Complex Ventral Incisional Hernia Repair
Authors: Mehrabi Mostafa , Jangjoo Ali , Tavoosi Hassan , Kahrom Mahdi , Kahrom Hadi
Published: January 2010

Background

Use of the Rives–Stoppa procedure for ventral incisional hernia repair (RS‐VIHR), in which the prosthesis is placed between the rectus abdominis muscle and the posterior sheath, has diminished reherniation markedly and is the most promising open technique.

Materials and methods

Over a 5‐year period 176 open abdominal wall incisional hernia repairs were performed in our department by the Rives–Stoppa technique. The prosthetic material used was Mersilene and the mean follow‐up time was 96 months (range: 62–121 months).

Results

During the 5‐year period, 123 women and 53 men with mean age of 50.8 ± 13.3 years (range: 24–79 years) underwent RS‐VIHR. Of these patients, 80 (45.4%) had had a prior VIHR and 18 had undergone multiple previous attempts at repair. Overall postoperative mortality and morbidity were 0 and 10.2%, respectively. The total recurrence rate was 1.1%, which occurred in patients with late prosthetic infection requiring mesh explantation. Except for prosthetic infection there was no correlation between hernia recurrence and age, gender, defect size, position of incision, seroma formation, respiratory complication, or superficial wound infection (p > 0.05).

Conclusions

The Rives–Stoppa repair of complex ventral incisional hernia using a Mersilene prosthesis is a safe and durable technique with excellent long‐term results and minimal serious morbidity, with an overall recurrence rate in the present series of 1.1%. Prosthesis infection requiring mesh explantation might be a risk factor for hernia recurrence.
Food stress sensitivity and flight performance across phosphoglucose isomerase enzyme genotypes in the sooty copper butterfly
Authors: Karl Isabell , Hoffmann Klaus Hubert , Fischer Klaus
Published: January 2010

Interest in genetic variation at allozyme loci, especially at phosphoglucose isomerase (PGI), has considerably increased over recent decades. In this study, we investigated variation in food stress sensitivity and flight performance, two traits closely linked to individual fitness, across PGI genotypes in the sooty copper butterflyLycaena tityrus. PGI genotype significantly affected growth rate and pupal mass, but had no overall effect on development time or flight performance. A significant genotype × sex × feeding treatment interaction showed that females from the rarest genotypes showed the strongest increase in development time under food stress. At the same time, these females exhibited the weakest reduction in body mass compared to non food‐stressed individuals, while the most common PGI genotypes showed the highest reduction (significant interaction between genotype and feeding treatment). Such results suggest that effects of food stress on pupal mass may not pose a particularly strong selective pressure inL. tityrus. Generally, sex‐specific differences in and effects of food stress on life‐history traits were as expected, with, e.g., males showing a more rapid development, lower pupal mass and better flight performance than females.
How often do patients ask for the results of their radiological studies?
Authors: Capaccio Enrico , Podestà Andrea , Morcaldi Daniele , Sormani Maria Pia , Derchi Lorenzo Egildo
Published: January 2010

Objectives

To measure how often patients ask directly about their test results at the end of imaging studies.

Methods

A total of 1,171 outpatients underwent ultrasonography (384), CT (382) or MR of the extremities (405). Demographic features including age, sex, educational background, anxiety and type of examination (initial examination vs follow-up) were considered. Statistical analysis was carried out by means of the chi-square test.

Results

Of the 1,171 patients, 525 (45%) asked for information about the results of their studies. Only 88/382 (23%) patients asked after CT; 224/405 (55.3%) asked after MR, and 213/384 (55.5%) asked after US (CT vs US and vs MR p < 0.001). There was a highly significant trend regarding education (36.4% with elementary schooling; 41.5% with intermediate education; 55.1% with higher schooling or university degrees; p < 0.001). No other differences were noted.

Conclusion

We believe these results show the importance of the direct doctor-patient relationship during radiological studies. Communication, time to talk and provision of information are probably the most important things patients want from their doctors. Our study suggests that this is also relevant in radiology and, when given the opportunity to meet the radiologist, patients appreciate the interaction.
The Psychological Inflexibility in Pain Scale (PIPS) – Statistical properties and model fit of an instrument to assess change processes in pain related disability
Authors: Wicksell Rikard K. , Lekander Mats , Sorjonen Kimmo , Olsson Gunnar L.
Published: January 2010

Recent developments within CBT have emphasized acceptance rather than control of pain and distress in treatments aimed at improving functioning and life quality, but there is still a lack of reliable and valid instruments to assess relevant processes in such interventions. The Psychological Inflexibility in Pain Scale (PIPS) was developed to assess target variables in exposure and acceptance oriented treatments. A preliminary validation study resulted in a two‐factor solution with subscales for avoidance and cognitive fusion related to pain, showing satisfactory psychometric properties. This study sought to evaluate the instrument with 611 participants with whiplash associated disorders. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses supported a two‐factor solution with 12 items which showed an acceptable model fit, adequate internal consistencies, and strong relations with criteria variables (e.g. disability and life satisfaction). The construct validity of the instrument was supported by high correlations with subscales from the Chronic Pain Acceptance Questionnaire (CPAQ) and the Tampa Scale of Kinesiophobia (TSK). Notably, hierarchical regression analyses illustrated that PIPS explained more variance than TSK in pain, disability, life satisfaction and depression. Furthermore, PIPS was found to mediate the relationship between e.g. pain and disability, suggesting the usefulness of PIPS as a process measure in treatments of people with chronic pain. Thus, it is argued that this 12‐item version of PIPS may be used to explore the importance of psychological in/flexibility in chronic pain and to analyse processes of change in exposure based interventions, as well as for clinicians in tailoring interventions for patients with chronic debilitating pain.
St John's wort greatly reduces the concentrations of oral oxycodone
Authors: Nieminen Tuija H. , Hagelberg Nora M. , Saari Teijo I. , Neuvonen Mikko , Laine Kari , Neuvonen Pertti J. , Olkkola Klaus T.
Published: January 2010

Background: Chronic pain is associated with depression. Self‐treatment of depression with herbal over‐the‐counter medicine St John's wort makes pain patients prone to drug interactions.

Aims: The aim of this study was to assess the potential of St John's wort to alter the CYP3A‐mediated metabolism of a μ‐opioid receptor agonist, oxycodone.

Methods: The study design was placebo‐controlled, randomized, cross‐over with two phases at intervals of 4 weeks and was conducted with 12 healthy participants. St John's wort (Jarsin®) or placebo was administered t.i.d. for 15 days and oral oxycodone hydrochloride 15 mg on day 14. Oxycodone pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics were compared after St John's wort or placebo. Behavioural and analgesic effects were assessed with subjective visual analogue scales and cold pressor test. Plasma drug concentrations were measured from 0 to 48 h, behavioural and analgesic effects from 0 to 12 h.

Results: Following St John's wort administration the oxycodone AUC decreased 50% (p < 0.001). Oxycodone elimination half‐life shortened from a mean ± SD 3.8 ± 0.7 to 3.0 ± 0.4 h (p < 0.001). The self‐reported drug effect of oxycodone as measured by AUEC0–12 decreased significantly (p = 0.004). Differences between St John's wort and placebo phases in cold pain threshold and intensity AUEC0–12 were not observed.

Conclusions: St John's wort greatly reduced the plasma concentrations of oral oxycodone. The self‐reported drug effect of oxycodone decreased significantly. This interaction may potentially be of some clinical significance when treating patients with chronic pain.
HEAT OPERATORS AND QUASIMODULAR FORMS
Authors: LEE MIN HO
Published: January 2010

We introduce a differential operator on quasimodular polynomials that corresponds to the derivative operator on quasimodular forms. We then prove that such a differential operator is compatible with a heat operator on Jacobi-like forms in certain cases. These results show in those cases that the derivative operator on quasimodular forms corresponds to a heat operator on Jacobi-like forms.
‘LIBEL TOURISM’ AND CONFLICT OF LAWS
Authors: Hartley Trevor C
Published: January 2010

This article considers the problem of ‘libel tourism’ (forum shopping in transnational libel cases) from the point of view of English and EU law (both relevant in certain situations). If proceedings are brought in a forum having no real connection with the case, and if the lex fori is applied, free speech in other countries could be undermined. This is particularly a problem where the case is brought in England, because of the pro-claimant slant of English libel law. The article notes when English conflicts law is applicable and when EU conflicts law is applicable, and explains the English and EU law regarding choice of law, jurisdiction and forum non conveniens in order to assess whether there is a genuine problem. It concludes that there is, particularly with regard to the Internet. Possible solutions are suggested.
ANTITRUST DAMAGES ACTIONS: LESSONS FROM AMERICAN INDIRECT PURCHASERS' LITIGATION
Authors: Cengiz Firat
Published: January 2010

This article aims to draw policy lessons from the American indirect purchasers' litigation experience for the design of the European private antitrust regime in the light of the European Commission's White Paper on damages actions. The article shows that in multi-level polities procedural aspects of antitrust litigation and judicial cooperation are as crucial as the substantive standards for the success of private enforcement regimes. From this perspective the article criticizes the White Paper for the lack of procedural assessment and urges the Commission to give due consideration to procedural standards and mechanisms of judicial cooperation before taking any legislative action.
Effect of irrigation uniformity on evapotranspiration and onion yield
Authors: JIMÉNEZ M. , DE JUAN J. A. , TARJUELO J. M. , ORTEGA J. F.
Published: January 2010

The main objective of the current study was to analyse how water application through a sprinkler irrigation system influences yield of onion (Allium cepaL.), taking into account water application heterogeneity and the effects on theoretical crop evapotranspiration (ETc). Field experiments were conducted on commercial onion plots, irrigated with a permanent sprinkler irrigation system, located in Albacete, Spain, over two irrigation seasons. Two experimental plots were selected each study year: plot A (PA), in which water was applied heterogeneously by using sprinklers with different nozzle combinations, and plot B (PB, used as the reference plot) in which the four sprinklers were maintained with the same nozzle combinations. Both experimental plots were divided into 25 subplots with the aim of studying the water distribution (measured as Christiansen uniformity coefficient (CU)), the impact on the actual evapotranspiration (ETa) and the yield obtained. Irrigation was scheduled using a daily simplified water balance method within the root area following the approach of the Food and Agriculture Organization. In the present study, sprinkler irrigation in PAresulted in lower CU (65–82% lower in 2002 and 59–79% lower in 2005) compared with PB(78–92% lower in 2002 and 79–93% lower in 2005). Between 30 May and 18 August 2002, the estimated crop water requirements in PAin the absence of water deficit was 22 mm over the accumulated value of ETc (491v.469 mm), while estimated crop water requirements under water deficit were 187 mm below ETc (282v.469 mm). In 2005, between 29 May and 25 August, ETa without water deficit was more similar to ETc (458v.444 mm) but Eta under water deficit was 242 mm. The greater uniformity of water distribution in PBwas translated into a greater uniformity of yield distribution. A smaller range in yield was observed in PBwhen compared with PA. No statistically significant differences were observed between PAand PBin the crop quality parameters bulb moisture content, total soluble solids, pH and total acidity.
DIFFERENTIALS IN SEX RATIO AT BIRTH AMONG NATIVES AND IMMIGRANTS IN GREECE: AN ANALYSIS EMPLOYING NATIONWIDE MICRO-DATA
Authors: VERROPOULOU GEORGIA , TSIMBOS CLEON
Published: January 2010

This study uses micro-level information on the live births registered in Greece for 2006 to assess differentials in the propensity to have a male offspring between natives and immigrants. The sex ratio at birth for the whole population is 106.3 but it is considerably higher among immigrants (110.9) than among natives (105.4). Relatively high sex ratios at birth are observed for several migrant groups; differentials between natives, on the one hand, and Albanians (109.5) and Asians (129.0), on the other, are significant. The high sex ratio at birth for Albanians seems typical of that population. For Asians, the result is consistent with international findings though it may also be partly related to the small number of observations.
Evolution of the turbulence structure in the surf and swash zones
Authors: SOU IN MEI , COWEN EDWIN A. , LIU PHILIP L.-F.
Published: January 2010

The velocity field and turbulence structure within the surf and swash zones forced by a laboratory-generated plunging breaking wave were investigated using a particle image velocimetry measurement technique. Two-dimensional velocity fields in the vertical plane from 200 consecutive monochromatic waves were measured at four cross-shore locations, shoreward of the breaker line. The phase-averaged mean flow fields indicate that a shear layer occurs when the uprush of the bore front interacts with the downwash flow. The turbulence characteristics were examined via spectral analysis. The larger-scale turbulence structure is closely associated with the breaking-wave- and the bore-generated turbulence in the surf zone; then, the large-scale turbulence energy cascades to smaller scales, as the turbulent kinetic energy (TKE) evolves from the outer surf zone to the swash zone. Smaller-scale energy injection during the latter stage of the downwash phase is associated with the bed-generated turbulence, yielding a −1 slope in the upper inertial range in the spatial spectra. Depth-integrated TKE budget components indicate that a local TKE equilibrium exists during the bore-front phases and the latter stage of the downwash phases in the outer surf zone. The TKE decay resembles the decay of grid turbulence during the latter stage of the uprush and the early stage of the downwash, as the production rate is small because of the absence of strong mean shear during this stage of the wave cycle as well as the relatively short time available for the growth of the bed boundary layer.
Housing Wealth and Inheritance
Authors: Munro Moira
Published: January 2010

Owner-occupation is now an important source of wealth for many people. Housing has experienced price appreciation much in excess of most other assets over the last 20 years and, at the same time, owner-occupation has expanded dramatically. This paper first discusses the impact that this growth in popular wealth holding has had on the overall distribution of income and points to its great importance for all groups except the very wealthy. The importance of housing wealth to the individual is also discussed. Despite the importance of housing wealth, both at an individual and at the broader level, there is virtually no evidence on the transmission of wealth between generations for the mass of people with moderate wealth. This paper rectifies this by analysing the patterns of inheritance of housing wealth for a sample of estates in Glasgow. The evidence shows that wealth left by owner-occupiers is typically passed to a very small group in the close family. The amount of money received can be quite substantial, but tends to go to those in the same or the following generation, that is, people already in middle or old age themselves. Thus, housing inheritance is not likely to be passed directly to young, first time buyers, but to people who already have an established housing career.
The Netherlands: A Passive Social Democratic Welfare State in a Christian Democratic Ruled Society
Authors: Van Kersbergen Kees , Becker Uwe
Published: January 2010

The Netherlands are of considerable interest to students of comparative social policy, because Christian democracy and not social democracy is the leading political force. This article analyses the history of the Dutch system of social security in terms of political forces and their power resources. In particular, it considers the reasons for the comparatively high level of social security development in the Netherlands. The various approaches which have been adopted in much current research in comparative social policy are critically discussed in the context of the Dutch experience.
Delusions and misbeliefs
Authors: Coltheart Max
Published: January 2010

Beliefs may be true or false, and grounded or ungrounded. McKay & Dennett (M&D) treat these properties of belief as independent. What, then, do they mean by misbelief? They state that misbeliefs are “simply false beliefs.” So would they consider a very well-grounded belief that is false a misbelief? And why can't beliefs that are very poorly grounded be considered delusions, even when they are true?
Adaptive misbelief or judicious pragmatic acceptance?
Authors: Frankish Keith
Published: January 2010

This commentary highlights the distinction between belief and pragmatic acceptance, and asks whether the positive illusions discussed in section 13 of the target article may be judicious pragmatic acceptances rather than adaptive misbeliefs. I discuss the characteristics of pragmatic acceptance and make suggestions about how to determine whether positive illusions are attitudes of this type.
It is likely misbelief never has a function
Authors: Millikan Ruth Garrett
Published: January 2010

I highlight and amplify three central points that McKay & Dennett (M&D) make about the origin of failures to perform biologically proper functions. I question whether even positive illusions meet criteria for evolved misbelief.
Lamarck, Artificial Intelligence (AI), and belief
Authors: Wilks Yorick
Published: January 2010

Nothing in McKay & Dennett's (M&D's) target article deals with the issue of how the adaptivity, or some other aspect, of beliefs might become a biological adaptation; which is to say, how the functions discussed might be coded in such a way in the brain that their development was also coded in gametes or sex transmission cells.
Adaptive diversity and misbelief
Authors: Cokely Edward T. , Feltz Adam
Published: January 2010

Although it makes some progress, McKay & Dennett's (M&D's) proposal is limited because (1) the argument for adaptive misbelief is not new, (2) arguments overextend the evidence provided, and (3) the alleged sufficient conditions are not as prohibitive as suggested. We offer alternative perspectives and evidence, including individual differences research, indicating that adaptive misbeliefs are likely much more widespread than implied.
Editorial
Authors: ASTON ELAINE
Published: January 2010

This is my first issue as Senior Editor of Theatre Research International. Picking up the ‘baton’ from Freddie Rokem is no easy task; I feel the weight of this responsibility and am conscious of a steep learning curve, despite the excellent insight, wisdom and knowledge Freddie has passed on to me during his term of office, for which I am deeply grateful. Joining me as Associate Editor is Charlotte Canning from the University of Texas, Austin, who, behind the scenes, is already proving to be an invaluable journal colleague.
Revisiting Catharsis in Contemporary Live Art Practice: Kira O'Reilly's Evocative Skin Works
Authors: ZERIHAN RACHEL
Published: January 2010

This article examines catharsis in recent one-to-one performances I shared with UK-based artist Kira O'Reilly. Focusing on my inter-experience ofMy Mother(2003) andUntitled Action: NRLA, The Arches, Glasgow(2005), I argue that both performances can be read as troubling and elucidating ideas about the presence, nature and affect of catharsis. I raise questions and reveal my responses to felt states such as risk, intimacy and confession, and draw on hysteria and Kristeva's concept ofle vréelto articulate the embodied knowledge of my close encounters with O'Reilly's visceral body artworks. Ultimately I propose that O'Reilly's performance practice adopts cathartic strategies that activate aesthetic, formal and material kinds of feminist political responsibility in her performance ‘other’.
The Mark, theGestus, and the Moment of Witnessing
Authors: BAUM ROB
Published: January 2010

A remembered piece of student theatre returns the writer to an examination of what was staged: a play centring on survival of the Shoah; the actor himself, a survivor; or an old man's self-discovery in the theatre. A shockinggestusin this production broke the boundaries of theatre and (while the fourth wall remained intact) transformed the audience into witnesses, and theatre into testimony. The article theorizes traumatic memory and its manifestations in the body, trauma's staging and the shape of narrative, and the difference between history, its performance and its mark.
Theatre Research and Publication in India: An Overview of the Post-independence Period
Authors: CHATURVEDI RAVI
Published: January 2010

This article offers an overview of theatre research and publication in India. It comes in two parts. The first examines theatre research post-independence (1947) up until the 1990s – a period of new economic thinking and a liberalization of sociocultural values. The second focuses on theatre research and publications from 2000 onwards, identifying ways in which more recent scholarship has been concerned with the concept of modernity in theory and practice; has begun to address questions of form, style, space and performativity; and has explored urgent social issues. What emerges in this overview is a feel for how complex the field of theatre research is in India given its multiculturalism. In concluding it draws attention to current and future challenges for theatre and theatre scholarship posed by issues such as globalization, communalism, terrorism and religious fundamentalism.
Breeding biology of the Critically Endangered Galapagos Petrel Pterodroma phaeopygia on San Cristóbal Island: conservation and management implications
Authors: CRUZ-DELGADO FRANCISCO , GONZÁLEZ JOSÉ A. , WIEDENFELD DAVID A.
Published: January 2010

The Galapagos Petrel Pterodroma phaeopygia is endemic to the Galapagos Archipelago, where it nests on only five islands. The species is considered ‘Critically Endangered’, mostly due to the effects of alien invasive species, which impair its reproductive success. During 2002–2003 we studied the breeding biology of the petrels nesting on San Cristóbal island. The study revealed particular characteristics of the San Cristóbal petrel population and differences compared to those of other islands, mostly related to nesting habitat, phenology, reproductive success and causes of mortality. On San Cristóbal, petrel nests were primarily located along ravines, in areas of dense vegetation cover formed by the endemic shrub Miconia robinsoniana and a wide variety of native ferns. Over 90% of the nests on the island were located on private agricultural land. The petrel population has a prolonged reproductive period covering 10 months. Laying dates occurred mostly from May to October, with a peak during August, although eggs may be occasionally laid between November and March. The incubation period averaged 50.8 days (range: 46–53), and parental care 103.7 days (range: 98–108). Overall reproductive success was 23.6%; 63.8% for eggs and 37.1% for chicks. Predation by rats was the primary cause (72.2%) of nest failure. Rat control campaigns and clearing of exotic plant species in areas of high density of petrel nests, as well as promoting cooperation agreements between conservation authorities and landowners of the properties where nests are located, are suggested among other critical management measures intended to reduce nest mortality and ensure the survival of the San Cristóbal petrel population.
Abundance of invertebrate prey for birds on organic and conventional arable farms in the Netherlands
Authors: KRAGTEN S. , TAMIS W. L. M. , GERTENAAR E. , MIDCAP RAMIRO S. M. , VAN DER POLL R. J. , WANG J. , DE SNOO G. R.
Published: January 2010

As a result of agricultural intensification, populations of farmland birds have been in steep decline for several decades. Reduction in food abundance has been mentioned as one factor behind these declines. Extensive farm management, such as use of organic methods, is expected to provide more food for birds. In this study we compared invertebrate prey abundance for birds during the breeding season between organic and conventional arable farms. We made comparisons for three different groups of birds: (1) birds feeding on soil-living invertebrates (earthworms), (2) birds feeding on ground-dwelling invertebrates and (3) birds feeding on aerial invertebrates. Invertebrate abundance was compared between organic and conventional farms, crop and non-crop habitats, and between crop and non-crop habitats under the same farm management. On organic sites, earthworm abundance was 2–4 times higher than on conventional sites, but no differences were found between crop types. Total abundance of ground-dwelling invertebrates did not differ between organic and conventional sites, but positive effects were found for several individual taxonomic groups, such as carabid beetles and spiders. On organic farms, invertebrate abundance was higher in carrots, cereals and onions compared to other crops; on conventional farms this was true for onions. When compared with most crops, ground-dwelling invertebrate abundance was low in uncropped field margins and on ditch banks. On organic farms, aerial invertebrate abundance was approximately 70% higher than on conventional farms. On cereal fields, aerial invertebrates were especially abundant.
The Return of the Rinyo-Clacton Folk? The Cultural Significance of the Grooved Ware Complex in Later Neolithic Britain
Authors: Thomas Julian
Published: January 2010

The Grooved Ware complex in Later Neolithic Britain has proved a perplexing phenomenon for prehistorians. While originally identified by Stuart Piggott as one of a series of ‘Secondary Neolithic Cultures’, it was later recognized as a special-purpose assemblage, connected with inter-regional contacts between socially pre-eminent groups. Yet Grooved Ware appears to have been at once special and mundane, ceremonial and domestic. In this contribution I suggest that Grooved Ware and its associated domestic architecture, originating in the north of Scotland, provided a medium for the elaboration of the notion of the domestic community in southern Britain, creating a new conception of the social at a time of profound change. Communal feasting, monumental structures and pit deposition all drew upon the imagery of the house and the household to provide a new means of social integration.
Naturalism, Nature and Questions of Style in Jinsha River Rock Art, Northwest Yunnan, China
Authors: Taçon Paul S.C. , Gang Li , Decong Yang , May Sally K. , Hong Liu , Aubert Maxime , Xueping Ji , Curnoe Darren , Herries Andy I.R.
Published: January 2010

The naturalistic rock art of Yunnan Province is poorly known outside of China despite two decades of investigation by local researchers. The authors report on the first major international study of this art, its place in antiquity and its resemblance to some of the rock art of Europe, southern Africa and elsewhere. While not arguing a direct connection between China, Europe and other widely separated places, this article suggests that rock-art studies about the nature of style, culture contact and the transmission of iconography across space and time need to take better account of the results of neuroscience research, similar economic/ecological circumstances and the probability of independent invention.
Wild Nature? Human-Animal Relations on Neopalatial Crete
Authors: Shapland Andrew
Published: January 2010

The Neopalatial period of Middle to Late Bronze Age Crete is marked by a dramatic increase in the depiction of non-human animals. In contrast to the domesticates listed in the Linear A documents, the animals which appear on frescoes and seals are largely wild or supernatural, or in non-domestic scenes (particularly bull-leaping). This article seeks to explore the quantitative differences between the types of animals displayed on different media, and ask why non-domestic animals appear in such significant proportions. Arthur Evans and subsequent scholars have explained this phenomenon as an expression of interest in the natural world. Instead of this modernist view, it will be argued here that it is by trying to approach these depictions as expressing specifically Bronze Age human-animal relations that the role of such animals in Cretan society can be understood. From a relational perspective, the animals depicted can be seen as active participants in prestige activities such as hunting or bull-leaping rather than the passive motifs of artistic naturalists. This perspective might also provide a more illuminating answer to the question: why depict animals?
Area Limit Laws for Symmetry Classes of Staircase Polygons
Authors: SCHWERDTFEGER U. , RICHARD C. , THATTE B.
Published: January 2010

We derive area limit laws for the various symmetry classes of staircase polygons on the square lattice, in a uniform ensemble where, for fixed perimeter, each polygon occurs with the same probability. This complements a previous study by Leroux and Rassart, where explicit expressions for the area and perimeter generating functions of these classes have been derived.
A model of tight junction function in central nervous system myelinated axons
Authors: Gow Alexander , Devaux Jerome
Published: January 2010

The insulative properties of myelin sheaths in the central and peripheral nervous systems (CNS and PNS) are widely thought to derive from the high resistance and low capacitance of the constituent membranes. Although this view adequately accounts for myelin function in large diameter fibers, it poorly reflects the behavior of small fibers that are prominent in many regions of the CNS. Herein, we develop a computational model to more accurately represent conduction in small fibers. By incorporating structural features that, hitherto, have not been simulated, we demonstrate that myelin tight junctions (TJs) improve saltatory conduction by reducing current flow through the myelin, limiting axonal membrane depolarization and restraining the activation of ion channels beneath the myelin sheath. Accordingly, our simulations provide a novel view of myelin by which TJs minimize charging of the membrane capacitance and lower the membrane time constant to improve the speed and accuracy of transmission in small diameter fibers. This study establishes possible mechanisms whereby TJs affect conduction in the absence of overt perturbations to myelin architecture and may in part explain the tremor and gait abnormalities observed in Claudin 11-null mice.
On-chip spiral inductor in flip-chip technology
Authors: Lee Gye-An , Agahi Darioush , De Flaviis Franco
Published: January 2010

Performance comparison is made between on-chip spiral inductor in flip-chip versus wirebond package technology. Full-wave electromagnetic simulation and on-strip measurement techniques were used to study the performance fluctuations of inductor within flip-chip environment. Results show that the performance of a flipped silicon-based spiral inductor is affected by the radio frequency (RF) current return path differences. The RF current return path for flip-chip is concentrated on the surface of silicon layer exclusively because back side ground under silicon is floating in flip-chip technology. In addition, the bump proximity effect is also considered. On-chip inductors in flip-chip environment must be optimized by reducing the eddy current in the silicon substrate and parasitic affects by adjusting design parameters. The equivalent circuit model of the flipped on-chip spiral inductor is verified with measured results over broadband frequencies. Also, the RF flip-chip characterization technique using on-strip measurement method is presented.