bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Genetic diversity analyse in Mongolian horse populations using ISSR- DNA markers
Authors: Ts Ariuntuul , O Baatartsogt , Ts Tsendsuren , T Saipolda
Published: September 2020

Genetic diversity of Mongolian horse populations from different geographical areas were studied using genetic polymorphism of the ACC- and GAG-ISSR- DNA marker types. In the horse breed Mongolian were distributed 14 fragments, in Darkhad horse 15 fragments, in horse populations Shil 21 fragments, Tes 23 fragments and in Galshar horse population 29 fragments of ACC-ISSR marker and in Mongolian horse 12 fragments, in Darkhad horse 14 fragments, Shil horse 14 fragments, Galshar horse 24 fragments and in horse population Tes 18 fragments of GAG-ISSR marker.

Монгол адууны генетик олон янз байдлыг ДНХ-маркер ашиглан үнэлэх судалгаа

Монгол болон Галшар үүлдэр, Тэс, Дархад омгийн болон Шил адууны популяцийн генетик олон янз байдлыг мултилокусын ДНХ-ийн ACC- ба GAG-ISSR маркерын полиморфизмоор төлөөлүүлэн судлав. Монгол үүлдрийн адуунд AСС-ISSR-DNA маркерын 14 фрагмент, Дархад омгийн адуунд 15 фрагмент, Шил адуунд 21 фрагмент, Тэс омгийн адуунд 23 фрагмент ба Галшар үүлдрийн адуунд 29 фрагмент байв. Полиморф фрагментын хувь нь хамгийн их буюу 91,3% Тэс адууны популяцид, хамгийн бага буюу 46,7% Дархад омгийн адууны популяцид байгааг тогтоов. GAG-ISSR-DNA маркерын 12 фрагмент Монгол үүлдрийн адуунд, Дархад омгийн адуунд 14 фрагмент, Шил адуунд 14 фрагмент, Тэс омгийн адуунд 18 фрагмент ба Галшар үүлдрийн адуунд 24 фрагмент байв. Полиморф фрагментын хувь нь хамгийн их буюу 64,2% Шил адууны популяцид, хамгийн бага буюу 25% Монгол үүлдрийн адууны популяцид байгааг тогтоов. Тэс адуу нь Монгол, Галшар үүлдэр, Дархад ба Шил адууны популяциас сүргийн генетик тогтоцоороо нилээд холдсон байгаа нь ажиглагдав.

Түлхүүр үг: Монгол адуу, генетик олон янз байдал, ДНХ-ISSR маркерын полиморфизм
Impact of uncertainties in cardiac mechanics simulations
Authors: Campos Joventino O. , Sundnes Joakim , Santos Rodrigo W. , Rocha Bernardo M.
Published: September 2020

As simulações do coração têm grande potencial de aplicações em diagnósticos e planejamento de terapias. Porém, tal uso clínico precisa conhecer a confiabilidade das predições devido a erros e incertezas nas entradas destes modelos. Os parâmetros do modelo são difíceis de ser medidos e estão associados a uma incerteza considerável. Além disso, geometrias para pacientes específicos são geradas a partir de imagens médicas envolvendo algum processamento manual, o que as tornam uma potencial fonte de incertezas. Com o objetivo de contribuir para a avaliação da confiabilidade de modelos da mecânica cardíaca, neste estudo foram realizadas análises de quantificação de incertezas e sensibilidade de simulações do ventrículo esquerdo durante o ciclo cardíaco.
Modelagem computacional da resposta imune à vacina contra febre amarela
Authors: Bonn Carla R. B. , Fernandes Guilherme C. , Santos Rodrigo W. , Lobosco Marcelo
Published: September 2020

Desde 1937 está disponível uma vacina eficaz contra febre amarela. Ainda assim, questões relativas a seu uso permanecem pouco entendidas, como a dose ideal capaz de conferir imunidade contra a doença, a necessidade de dose reforço, o esquema ideal de vacinação para indivíduos imunocompetentes, imunossuprimidos, e crianças, dentre outras. Este trabalho apresenta um modelo computacional da resposta imune humana à vacinação contra a febre amarela que foi capaz de reproduzir os níveis de anticorpos obtidos experimentalmente em diferentes cenários relativos à vacinação, permitindo uma validação quantitativa com dados experimentais. Também foram reproduzidos qualitativamente alguns comportamentos da resposta imune descritos na literatura.
Uma Arquitetura de Aplicação Gamificada para o Monitoramento e Tratamento da Doença Renal Crônica
Authors: Silva Carlos A. F. , Sobrinho Alvaro , Silva Leandro D.
Published: September 2020

Algumas aplicações computacionais com foco no apoio ao tratamento terapêutico da Doença Renal Crônica (DRC) são encontradas no mercado. Porém, até o presente momento, não foi constatada na literatura nenhuma arquitetura de software considerando os diversos estágios que o portador da DRC pode apresentar, buscando a mudança de estilo de vida de pacientes pela realização de incentivos e atividades associadas às recomendações de nefrologistas. A gamificação é uma ferramenta útil para a disponibilização de mecanismos dos jogos para incentivar a adesão de pacientes ao tratamento de DRC, proporcionando desafios e recompensas no mundo real, de maneira similar a um jogo digital. Neste trabalho é apresentada uma arquitetura de aplicação gamificada com foco no monitoramento e tratamento da DRC em diferentes estágios.
Dengue Immunopathogenesis: A Crosstalk between Host and Viral Factors Leading to Disease: Part I - Dengue Virus Tropism, Host Innate Immune Responses, and Subversion of Antiviral Responses
Authors: Puerta-Guardo Henry , B. Biering Scott , Harris Eva , Pavia-Ruz Norma , Vázquez-Prokopec Gonzalo , Ayora-Talavera Guadalupe , Manrique-Saide Pablo
Published: September 2020

Dengue is the most prevalent emerging mosquito-borne viral disease, affecting more than 40% of the human population worldwide. Many symptomatic dengue virus (DENV) infections result in a relatively benign disease course known as dengue fever (DF). However, a small proportion of patients develop severe clinical manifestations, englobed in two main categories known as dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) and dengue shock syndrome (DSS). Secondary infection with any of the four dengue virus serotypes (DENV1, -2, -3, and -4) is a risk factor to develop severe forms of dengue disease. DSS is primarily characterized by sudden and abrupt endothelial dysfunction, resulting in vascular leak and organ impairment, which may progress to hypovolemic shock and death. Severe DENV disease (DHF/DSS) is thought to follow a complex relationship between distinct immunopathogenic processes involving host and viral factors, such as the serotype cross-reactive antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE), the activation of T cells and complement pathways, the phenomenon of the cytokine storm, and the newly described viral toxin activity of the nonstructural protein 1 (NS1), which together play critical roles in inducing vascular leak and virus pathogenesis. In this chapter that is divided in two parts, we will outline the recent advances in our understanding of DENV pathogenesis, highlighting key viral-host interactions and discussing how these interactions may contribute to DENV immunopathology and the development of vascular leak, a hallmark of severe dengue. Part I will address the general features of the DENV complex, including the virus structure and genome, epidemiology, and clinical outcomes, followed by an updated review of the literature describing the host innate immune strategies as well as the viral mechanisms acting against and in favor of the DENV replication cycle and infection.
Surgical Anatomy of the Temporal Bone
Authors: Açar Gülay , Emine Çiçekcibaşı Aynur
Published: September 2020

Numerous neurological lesions and tumors of the paranasal sinuses and oral cavity may spread into the middle and posterior cranial fossae through the anatomical apertures. For the appropriate management of these pathologies, many extensive surgical approaches with a comprehensive overview of the anatomical landmarks are required from the maxillofacial surgery’s point of view. The surgical significance lies in the fact that iatrogenic injury to the petrous segment of the temporal bone including the carotid artery, sigmoid sinus, and internal jugular vein, can lead to surgical morbidity and postoperative pseudoaneurysm, vasospasm, or carotid-cavernous fistula. To simplify understanding complex anatomy of the temporal bone, we aimed to review the surgical anatomy of the temporal bone focusing on the associations between the surface landmarks and inner structures. Also, breaking down an intricate bony structure into smaller parts by compartmental approach could ease a deep concentration and navigation. To identify the anatomic architecture of the temporal bone by using reference points, lines and compartments can be used to supplement anatomy knowledge of maxillofacial surgeons and may improve confidence by surgical trainees. Especially, this systematic method may provide an easier way to teach and learn surgical spatial structure of the petrous pyramid in clinical applications.
Primary Health-Care Service Delivery and Accessibility in the Digital Age
Authors: Edoh Thierry
Published: September 2020

The primary care is within a health-care system, the first contact and main point for people requiring health and medical care. Patients requiring specialized health and medical care are directed to the appropriate specialists by a general physician (GP) who coordinates the needed specialist care. GPs base their decisions partially on patient-centered information and partially on the results of medical examinations. Many health-IT systems for primary health care are available today. Their first aims are to assist GPs in their daily duties and the patient in collecting his medical data and to self-manage his conditions. IT systems enabling the patient to collect accurate information on his condition to self-manage his condition provide accurate patient-centric data, which shows the potential to outperform patient-centered information, which in turn is based on the patient’s personal feeling and perception. Patient-centered information are biased. Beyond providing patient-centric information, health-IT systems can facilitate access to health-care services, increase the quality, efficiency, and effectiveness of health-care services, and can contribute to reducing medical expenses. This chapter aims to paint down the global trend of health-IT systems and the supporting technology. The chapter will further present some existing health-IT systems and discuss their role in the health-care accessibility, particularly in rural regions.
Disparity in Peri-Urbanisation Process in Lagos, Nigeria
Authors: M. Adedire Funmilayo
Published: September 2020

This chapter assessed the causes of disparity in the peri-urbanisation process in Lagos new towns and the accompanying effect on the characteristics of the transitioning settlements. Data collection was primarily through administration of 384 and 370 questionnaires to purposively selected housing units in Ikorodu and Ibeju-Lekki, respectively. These two settlements represent the most rapidly urbanising peri-urban in Lagos State. Primary data collected included drivers of urban expansion, residents’ demography, locational convenience and commuting frequency. To supplement the primary data, spatial images of 2006 and 2016 were acquired as satellite images from Google Earth archive for this study. Data analysis was carried out using descriptive statistics for the quantitative data and time series and satellite image analysis for the qualitative data. The results show a varying extent of transition primarily influenced by the residents’ demography, linkages to the urban areas, quality of life and stakeholders’ response to housing policy. The study concluded that urban policy should be used as a tool to ameliorate the disparity in infrastructure development, which is the major driver of changes, and also, government involvement in housing provision should have a spread in all urban periphery settlements in Lagos State.
Risk-Taking Behaviors Among Students of Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Iran
Authors: Narimani Sajjad , Khezeli Mehdi , Babaei Nasib , Rezapour Sama , Habibi Meisam , Rohallahzadeh Fatemeh Zahra
Published: September 2020

Background: Risk behaviors can increase the risk of early mortality, disability, and chronic illness. Objectives: This study aimed to determine risk-taking behaviors in students of Ardabil University of Medical Sciences in 2018. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted with 215 students selected using a stratified sampling method. The self-administered Iranian Youth Risk-Taking Scale (IYRTS), consisting of 48 items, was used for data collection. Data were analyzed by SPSS 19 using the chi-square test. P values of < 0.05 were considered statistically significant. Results: The mean age of male and female students was 21.4 ± 1.92 and 20.9 ± 1.38 years, respectively. The rates of a history of physical violence, cigarette smoking, waterpipe smoking, alcohol use, and drug abuse were 37.7%, 37.2%, 47.9%, 33%, and 25.6%, respectively, and all were higher in male students (P < 0.05). Methylphenidate, ecstasy, and tramadol were the most prevalent drugs used by the students. physical inactivity was not different between male and female students (P = 0.42). Conclusions: In the present study, we found high consumption of cigarettes, waterpipe, alcohol, and drugs, as well as physical inactivity among the students.
Bipolar Spectrum in Patients with Conversion Disorder
Authors: Samimi Ardestani Seyed Mehdi , Yasamy Mohammad Taghi , Borna Nahid , Fili Jafar , Zare Roghaye
Published: September 2020

Background: The frequency of bipolar spectrum in patients with conversion disorder is not well known, while it is important to be aware of comorbid bipolarity in the management of conversion disorder. Objectives: The study aimed to identify the frequency of bipolar spectrum disorder among people with conversion disorder and the factors associated with this comorbidity. Methods: The participants were 96 consecutive patients aged 18 - 65 years, referring to the emergency department or admitted to the psychiatric wards of two university general hospitals in Tehran, Iran, in 2019. Patients fulfilled the DSM-IV criteria for conversion disorder based on the structured clinical interview (SCID). The Mood Disorder questionnaire (MDQ) was used to identify bipolar spectrum disorder. Demographic characteristics and other relevant correlated factors were also recorded using a checklist. Data were analyzed using Pearson chi-square/Fisher’s exact test and logistic regression model. Results: The frequency of bipolar spectrum disorder based on the MDQ was 35.4% in patients with conversion disorder. The results of the logistic regression model using the Backward Conditional method showed that only two variables, namely antidepressant-induced mania/hypomania (OR = 39; CI 95%: 4.56 - 333.7) and history of hospitalization in the psychiatric ward (OR = 7.1, CI 95%: 2.05 - 24.65), remained as associated factors after controlling for other variables. Conclusions: Our study showed a higher frequency of bipolar spectrum disorder in patients with conversion disorder than did previous epidemiological studies in Iran and other countries. Such significant comorbidity should discourage potentially harmful off-label use of antidepressants for the treatment of conversion disorder instead of looking for other underlying psychiatric or social problems. Further research is suggested in this area.
Frequency of qnr and aac(6’)Ib-cr Genes Among ESBL-Producing Klebsiella pneumoniae Strains Isolated from Burn Patients in Kermanshah, Iran
Authors: Vaziri Siavash , Afsharian Mandana , Mansouri Feizollah , Azizi Mohsen , Nouri Fatemeh , Madadi-Goli Nahid , Mohseni Afshar Zainab , Zamanian Mohammad Hossein , Alvandi Amirhooshang , Ahmadi Kamal
Published: September 2020

Background: Assessment of bacteria such as Klebsiella pneumonia has shown that Plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance (PMQR) affects antibiotics resistance (e.g., quinolones). Objectives: We studied the prevalence of qnr and aac(6’)Ib-cr genes in extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing K. pneumonia strains isolated from burn wounds of patients in the city of Kermanshah, Iran. Methods: This descriptive-analytical study was conducted on 126 K. pneumonia strains isolated collected from burn wounds. Biochemical tests were used to detect the strains. The frequency of the ESBL-producing isolates was determined by phenotypic tests of the combination disk (CD) method after determining the antibiotic susceptibility pattern of the isolates through the Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion test. The prevalence of the qnr and aac(6’)-Ib-cr genes was determined using their special primers as well as polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Results: Of the 126 K. pneumonia isolates, 52 (41.3%) were identified as ESBL-producing strains. ESBL-producing isolates showed higher resistance against antibiotics than non-ESBL-producing ones. PMQR relevance and resistance to ciprofloxacin were, respectively, determined at 80.76% and 59.6%. The most frequent gene was aac(6’)-Ib-cr (n = 70, 55.6%), followed by the qnrB (n = 44, 34.9%). Conclusions: This study showed a high prevalence of qnr genes in ESBL-producing K. pneumonia isolates and antibiotic resistance. Given the horizontal transmission of antibiotic resistance genes among bacteria by mobile genetic elements, timely identification of infections caused by ESBL-producing and antimicrobial-resistant K. pneumonia strains is of paramount importance.
Synthesis of Evaluations in South Sudan
Authors: Cochrane Logan
Published: September 2020

South Sudan is one the largest recipients of official development assistance. Given the complexity of the operational environment, there is a need to learn from the lessons gained to-date. This article seeks to enable better-informed decision making based on a synthesis from humanitarian and development evaluation reports, which offer insight for engagement in other fragile and conflict-affected states. Experimental methods were utilised to identify evaluation reports. The synthesis finds that projects would be better designed if they allocated time and resources to obtain additional information, integrated systems thinking to account for the broader context, and engaged with the gendered nature of activities and impacts. Implementation can be strengthened if seasonality is taken into account, if modalities are more flexible, and if a greater degree of communication and collaboration between partners develops. Sustainability and long-term impact require that there is a higher degree of alignment with the government, longer-term commitments in programming, a recognition of trade-offs, and a clear vision and strategy for transitioning capacities and responsibilities to national actors. While actors in South Sudan have been slow to act on lessons learned to-date, the lessons drawn from evaluation reports in South Sudan offer direction for new ways forward, many of which have been concurrently learned by a diverse set of donors and organisations.
Determination of stress state based on well logging data and laboratory measurements – a CBM well in the southeastern part of the Upper Silesian Coal Basin (Poland)
Authors: Kępiński Michał
Published: September 2020

The main objective of this study is to present calculation methods of horizontal stress profiles, taking into account the stress boundaries model, poro-elastic horizontal strain model and the effective stress ratio approach, using calibration with wellbore failure. The mechanical earth model (MEM) parameters from log measurements and well testing data were estimated for a well located in the southeastern part of the Upper Silesian Coal Basin. Log-derived horizontal stresses of the well are commonly treated as the final product of geomechanical modelling in oil and gas practices. A less popular method for estimating horizontal stresses is based on Kirsch equations juxtaposed with compressional and tensile failure observed on a micro-imager or six-arm caliper. Using this approach, horizontal stresses are determined based on the fact that when hoop stresses exceed the formation's tensile strength, tensile fractures are created, and when those stresses exceed the compressive strength of the formation, breakouts can be identified. The advantage of this method is that it can be run without in situ stress measurements. The presented workflow is recommended every time there is an image log and dipole sonic measurement in the available dataset, both being necessary to observe the failure zones and MEM.
Processing and Analysis of ASTER and Landsat 8 Scenes to Aid in Geological Mapping: A Case Study of Murchison Greenstone Belt Area, South Africa
Authors: Thomas Abraham
Published: September 2020

This paper presents processing and analysis results of ASTER and Landsat 8 scenes to aid in geological mapping of Murchison Greenstone Belt region of Limpopo Province, South Africa. Images of ASTER acquired in 2005 and 2006 and Landsat 8 acquired in 2019 were downloaded and subset covering 5 mapping sheets was extracted. Images of different band ratios and band combinations were experimented using ENVI and SNAP software to identify suitable band/band ratio combinations to produce FCCs that enabled discrimination of lithology, structural features, lineaments, alteration and iron oxides, land/water, surface features, vegetation cover and healthy vegetation etc. Using DEM data, slope and shaded relief were also prepared that enabled the identification of the extent of protruded outcrops, some structural features and lineaments using different FCC displays. These datasets prepared in ENVI file format were later exported to GeoTiff/Imagine file for display in ArcMap by the mapping geologists. FCCs made in various band combinations, ratio combination and also with slope are useful in discriminating geology, structural features and protruded outcrops including dykes that are not so visible in a true colour image of the same resolution. This study could illustrate the usefulness of remote sensing analysis to aid in geological mapping using freely available ASTER and Landsat 8 data.
Deciphering the regulatory genome of Escherichia coli, one hundred promoters at a time
Authors: Ireland William T , Beeler Suzannah M , Flores-Bautista Emanuel , McCarty Nicholas S , Röschinger Tom , Belliveau Nathan M , Sweredoski Michael J , Moradian Annie , Kinney Justin B , Phillips Rob
Published: September 2020

Advances in DNA sequencing have revolutionized our ability to read genomes. However, even in the most well-studied of organisms, the bacteriumEscherichia coli, for ≈65% of promoters we remain ignorant of their regulation. Until we crack this regulatory Rosetta Stone, efforts to read and write genomes will remain haphazard. We introduce a new method, Reg-Seq, that links massively parallel reporter assays with mass spectrometry to produce a base pair resolution dissection of more than aE. colipromoters in 12 growth conditions. We demonstrate that the method recapitulates known regulatory information. Then, we examine regulatory architectures for more than 80 promoters which previously had no known regulatory information. In many cases, we also identify which transcription factors mediate their regulation. This method clears a path for highly multiplexed investigations of the regulatory genome of model organisms, with the potential of moving to an array of microbes of ecological and medical relevance.
Localized inhibition in the Drosophila mushroom body
Authors: Amin Hoger , Apostolopoulou Anthi A , Suárez-Grimalt Raquel , Vrontou Eleftheria , Lin Andrew C
Published: September 2020

Many neurons show compartmentalized activity, in which activity does not spread readily across the cell, allowing input and output to occur locally. However, the functional implications of compartmentalized activity for the wider neural circuit are often unclear. We addressed this problem in theDrosophilamushroom body, whose principal neurons, Kenyon cells, receive feedback inhibition from a non-spiking interneuron called the anterior paired lateral (APL) neuron. We used local stimulation and volumetric calcium imaging to show that APL inhibits Kenyon cells’ dendrites and axons, and that both activity in APL and APL’s inhibitory effect on Kenyon cells are spatially localized (the latter somewhat less so), allowing APL to differentially inhibit different mushroom body compartments. Applying these results to theDrosophilahemibrain connectome predicts that individual Kenyon cells inhibit themselves via APL more strongly than they inhibit other individual Kenyon cells. These findings reveal how cellular physiology and detailed network anatomy can combine to influence circuit function.
PTPRG is an ischemia risk locus essential for HCO3–-dependent regulation of endothelial function and tissue perfusion
Authors: Hansen Kristoffer B , Staehr Christian , Rohde Palle D , Homilius Casper , Kim Sukhan , Nyegaard Mette , Matchkov Vladimir V , Boedtkjer Ebbe
Published: September 2020

Acid-base conditions modify artery tone and tissue perfusion but the involved vascular-sensing mechanisms and disease consequences remain unclear. We experimentally investigated transgenic mice and performed genetic studies in a UK-based human cohort. We show that endothelial cells express the putative HCO3–-sensor receptor-type tyrosine-protein phosphatase RPTPγ, which enhances endothelial intracellular Ca2+-responses in resistance arteries and facilitates endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation only when CO2/HCO3– is present. Consistent with waning RPTPγ-dependent vasorelaxation at low [HCO3–], RPTPγ limits increases in cerebral perfusion during neuronal activity and augments decreases in cerebral perfusion during hyperventilation. RPTPγ does not influence resting blood pressure but amplifies hyperventilation-induced blood pressure elevations. Loss-of-function variants in PTPRG, encoding RPTPγ, are associated with increased risk of cerebral infarction, heart attack, and reduced cardiac ejection fraction. We conclude that PTPRG is an ischemia susceptibility locus; and RPTPγ-dependent sensing of HCO3– adjusts endothelium-mediated vasorelaxation, microvascular perfusion, and blood pressure during acid-base disturbances and altered tissue metabolism.
Helicobacter pylori-negative Gastric Cancer
Authors: Lee Sun-Young
Published: September 2020

Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori)-negative gastric cancer is diagnosed when gastric malignancies are found in patients in H. pylori-naïve stomachs. There are four types of noncardiac H. pylori-negative gastric cancers. The signet ring cell-type poorly cohesive carcinoma is most common, followed by the chief cell-predominant type gastric adenocarcinoma of the fundic gland. Extremely well-differentiated adenocarcinoma of the corpus and well-differentiated pyloric gland cancers are rare outside Japan because of country-specific differences in diagnostic criteria. In endemic areas of H. pylori infection, strict criteria are required for diagnosing an H. pylori-naïve stomach. Both invasive and noninvasive H. pylori tests should show negative results in a subject without a history of H. pylori infection. Furthermore, the serum pepsinogen (PG) assay and endoscopic findings of the background gastric mucosa are required to discriminate subjects with past infections owing to spontaneous regression or unintended eradication of H. pylori. There should be no gastric corpus atrophy (PG I ≤70 ng/mL and PG I/II ≤3.0). Gastroscopy should reveal a regular arrangement of collecting venules without gastric xanthoma, metaplastic gastritis, or advanced atrophy over the angle. On biopsy, there should be no gastric atrophy, intestinal metaplasia, neutrophils, or H. pylori infiltration, and only a mild degree of mononuclear cell infiltration is permitted. The types and characteristics of noncardiac H. pylori-negative gastric cancers are summarized in this review, along with current diagnostic challenges found in Korea.
Gastric Adenocarcinoma of Fundic Gland Type Treated by Endoscopic Submucosal Dissection
Authors: Park Yong Bo , Kim Gwang Ha , Kim Kyungbin , Ha Tae Kyoung , Park Guk Bin , Kwak Young Min
Published: September 2020

Gastric adenocarcinoma of fundic gland type is known to originate from the gastric mucosa of the fundic gland region without intestinal metaplasia. It is difficult to detect during endoscopy and diagnose histopathologically. The development of immunohistochemistry has enabled the diagnosis of gastric adenocarcinoma of fundic gland type by gastric phenotype. A 34-year-old man visited us for treatment of a 5 cm-sized low-grade dysplasia in the gastric fundus which was incidentally found during a health check-up endoscopy. Endoscopic submucosal dissection was performed successfully, and the final histopathology showed gastric adenocarcinoma of fundic gland type. Herein, we report a rare case of gastric adenocarcinoma of fundic gland type and its endoscopic and histopathologic findings.
Towards FAIR protocols and workflows: the OpenPREDICT use case
Authors: Celebi Remzi , Rebelo Moreira Joao , Hassan Ahmed A. , Ayyar Sandeep , Ridder Lars , Kuhn Tobias , Dumontier Michel
Published: September 2020

It is essential for the advancement of science that researchers share, reuse and reproduce each other’s workflows and protocols. The FAIR principles are a set of guidelines that aim to maximize the value and usefulness of research data, and emphasize the importance of making digital objects findable and reusable by others. The question of how to apply these principles not just to data but also to the workflows and protocols that consume and produce them is still under debate and poses a number of challenges. In this paper we describe a two-fold approach of simultaneously applying the FAIR principles to scientific workflows as well as the involved data. We apply and evaluate our approach on the case of the PREDICT workflow, a highly cited drug repurposing workflow. This includes FAIRification of the involved datasets, as well as applying semantic technologies to represent and store data about the detailed versions of the general protocol, of the concrete workflow instructions, and of their execution traces. We propose a semantic model to address these specific requirements and was evaluated by answering competency questions. This semantic model consists of classes and relations from a number of existing ontologies, including Workflow4ever, PROV, EDAM, and BPMN. This allowed us then to formulate and answer new kinds of competency questions. Our evaluation shows the high degree to which our FAIRified OpenPREDICT workflow now adheres to the FAIR principles and the practicality and usefulness of being able to answer our new competency questions.
Θ-SEIHRD mathematical model of Covid19-stability analysis using fast-slow decomposition
Authors: Nave OPhir , Hartuv Israel , Shemesh Uziel
Published: September 2020

In general, a mathematical model that contains many linear/nonlinear differential equations, describing a phenomenon, does not have an explicit hierarchy of system variables. That is, the identification of the fast variables and the slow variables of the system is not explicitly clear. The decomposition of a system into fast and slow subsystems is usually based on intuitive ideas and knowledge of the mathematical model being investigated. In this study, we apply the singular perturbed vector field (SPVF) method to the COVID-19 mathematical model of to expose the hierarchy of the model. This decomposition enables us to rewrite the model in new coordinates in the form of fast and slow subsystems and, hence, to investigate only the fast subsystem with different asymptotic methods. In addition, this decomposition enables us to investigate the stability analysis of the model, which is important in case of COVID-19. We found the stable equilibrium points of the mathematical model and compared the results of the model with those reported by the Chinese authorities and found a fit of approximately 96 percent.
Estimates of Intrinsic Growth Rates and Basic Reproduction Number (R0) for the First Historical Zika Outbreak in Salta, Argentina
Authors: Rosales Juan Carlos , Acosta Nels´on A. , Herrera Celeste
Published: September 2020

Scopes and Objectives: After entering South America in May 2015 through northeast Brazil, the Zika virus spread to Argentina between April and June 2016 and reached Salta province the following year. We analyzed some aspects of the first historical outbreak of Zika that occurred in Salta, Argentina, in the year 2017. We obtained elementary estimates, such as the intrinsic growth rate of the cases accumulated in the first weeks of the outbreak, using expressions that relate it to the basic reproduction number thereof. Study design: Retrospective-descriptive studies and relational analysis.

Place and Duration of Study: Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Exact Sciences and Faculty of Engineering. National University of Salta, Argentina, from September 2019 to June 2020.

Methodology: Descriptive and relational analysis. Estimates of parameters and Simulation tests were also carried out in order to qualitatively describe the first Zika historical outbreak in Salta. 

Results: Our study revealed that the Zika virus in the province of Salta mainly affects the localities of the departments of Or´an, General San Mart´ın, and Rivadavia, with infection forces α2017 ≈ 0.42 week-1 (SD 0.05) and α2017 ≈ 0.32 week-1 (SD 0.02) with the refined exponential model. On the other hand, we obtained estimates of the basic reproduction number R0 ≈ 1:105 95% CI[1:104 - 1:106] and R0 ≈ 1:111 95% CI[1:110 - 1:112]. 

Conclusion: Both the values of the estimates of the infection forces and R0 would seem to indicate that the first outbreak of Zika in Salta was of relatively low intensity and of short duration, coinciding with patterns generally present emerging diseases. We found practically no differences with the estimates provided by the two expressions of basic reproduction number used. Although the estimates slightly exceed the threshold value R0 = 1, with respect to otherestimates, we consider them quite reasonable for the first historical outbreak occurred in Salta, since it was short-lived and of little intensity.
Impact of Lockdown Measures during COVID-19 Pandemic on Water Vapors in Subtemperate and Subtropical Zones of Jammu Region, Jammu & Kashmir Union Territory, India
Authors: Singh Mahender , Vikas Vishaw , Sharma Rohit , Sharma Charu , Dadhich Sushmita M.
Published: September 2020

Aim: To evaluate the effect of lockdown amid COVID 19 pandemic on water vapors in atmosphere under subtemperate and subtropical zones of Jammu region.

Methodology: To study the variation in atmospheric chemistry, the data was analyzed on fortnightly basis in order to assess the water vapor presence in the atmosphere during complete lockdown, i.e. from 24th March to 17th May 2020. The data of Temperature and Relative Humidity were recorded from Agrometeorological Observatory situated at respective locations under study. The water vapor attributing parameters were calculated by adopting different formulae.

Results: The analysis of weather data was done by adopting different statistical techniques and it was found that ambient temperature was below normal with a deviation of -5.99% and -3.69% under subtropical and subtemperate zone. With the downshifting pattern observed in temperature, the density of air also decreased with deviation of -0.29% in subtropical zone and -0.46 % in subtemperate zone. The relative humidity, mixing ratio and dew point temperature under subtropical conditions were increased by 8.19, 1.03 and 1.61% respectively, while under subtemperate zone the parameters increased by 3.98, 4.51 and 10.3% respectively.  The saturated mixing ratio, enthalpy and absolute humidity were deviated by -4.53%, -5.45 and -1.50% in subtropical zone and 5.94, 6.62 and 8.28 % in subtemperate zone.

Conclusion: Variable significant patterns were observed for each parameter and thus it can be concluded that lockdown had a plausible impact on all humidity or water vapor attributes.
Phytochemical and Cytotoxic Screening of Selected Medicinal Plants (Byrsocarpus coccineus, Terminalia avicennioides and Anogeissus leiocarpus) Using Brine Shrimp (Artemia salina) Lethality Assay
Authors: Ukwade C. E. , Ebuehi O. A. T. , Adisa R. A.
Published: September 2020

Three medicinal plants, were investigated based on their ethno-medicinal uses. Byrsocarpus coccineus (B.C), Terminalia avicennioides (T.A) and Anogeissus leiocarpus (A.L) are used traditionally in the treatment of various ailments in Nigeria. Proximate and mineral analyses were carried out on the leaf, stem and root of the three plants. Phytochemical composition and antioxidant activities of the aqueous, ethanol and pet ether (leaf, stem and root) extracts, of the three plants were determined and the extracts were subjected to cytotoxic screening using the in vivo brine shrimp lethality tests. The proximate and mineral analyses show appreciable dietary nutrients in the three plants. Phytochemical analyses of B.C, T.A and A.L (leaf, stem and root) extracts, showed the presence of bioactive compounds, such as alkaloids, tannins, saponins, flavonoids, steroid and phenol. Antioxidant activities (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), nitric oxide, lipid peroxidation and reducing power), increase in all the plant extracts in a dose dependent manner. The results of brine shrimp lethality tests indicate that plant extracts of B.C, T.A and A.L except A.L stem aqueous extract (130.72 µg/ml), T.A leaf aqueous (130.15 µg/ml) and root aqueous extracts were moderately cytotoxic, while the others were highly cytotoxic. B. coccineus leaf ethanol extract (17.31 µg/ml) was the most cytotoxic. The result shows that B. coccineus leaf ethanol extract has significant antioxidant activity and is cytotoxic to brine shrimp even at low concentration giving credence to its ethno-medicinal uses.
Effect of Processing Methods on the Proximate and Mineral Compositions in Groundnuts for Consumption
Authors: Amoniyan Oluwasegun Amos , Olugbemi Samuel Adeolu , Balogun Omolola Myriam , Salako Basirat Omotayo
Published: September 2020

The proximate and some essential mineral compositions of groundnuts processed by different methods for consumption were determined. The parameters were analyzed using standard methods of the Association of Official Analytical Chemists (AOAC, 2005) and Greenfield and Southgate, 2003. From the results obtained, it was found that the proximate compositions (%) of the groundnuts boiled with the pods were – moisture content (18.77  0.02), crude protein (22.93  0.06), crude fat (38.94  0.03), crude fiber (1.75  0.02), ash (3.90  0.04) and carbohydrate (13.73  0.04). Groundnuts roasted with the pods had– moisture content (2.91  0.04), crude protein (29.73 0.08), crude fat (50.11  0.04), crude fiber (4.36  0.03), ash (5.14  0.03) and carbohydrate (7.76  0.05) while those of the groundnuts roasted without pods were – moisture content (2.88  0.04), crude protein (26.64  0.06), crude fat ss(49.04  0.02), crude fiber (4.26  0.03), ash (4.73  0.02) and the carbohydrate (11.50  0.04). The mineral compositions (in (mg/kg) of the groundnut sample boiled with pods were Na (0.23), K (0.67), Ca (0.11), P (0.38), Mg (0.16) and Fe (41.5). Groundnut samples roasted with the pods were Na (0.38), K (0.98), Ca (0.17), P (0.47), Mg (0.27) and Fe (61.2), while the mineral compositions (in (mg/kg) of the groundnut samples roasted without the pods were Na (0.27), K (0.82), Ca (0.16), P (0.42), Mg (0.25) and Fe (53.6). This study revealed that the proximate and the mineral contents in the roasted samples were generally higher than those of the boiled sample except for the moisture and the carbohydrate contents.
Mulch Cover Management for Improving Weed Control in Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) Production
Authors: Shilpa . , Shukla Y. R. , Bijalwan Priyanka , Thakur Kuldeep S.
Published: September 2020

In this study we evaluated the effects of two different types of mulches (black mulch, silver/black) on weed control and yield in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) production. Field studies were carried out during 2017-2018 and 2018-2019. The treatments consisted in the study were planting methods (raised bed/flat bed), polythene mulching applications (black mulch, silver/black and unmulched plots) and training systems (two stem and three stem). Tomato seedlings were transplanted in the plots, where mulch application had already been done prior transplanting.The results indicated thatmarketable tomato yield from the treatments consisting of black mulch, was higher compared to the other unmulched plots for both the years of study. In unmulched plots there was reduction of tomato yield. Mulch treatments reduced the number of weeds, weed intensity, and above ground biomass (fresh weight and dry weight of weeds) as compared to control plots. At tomato harvest weeds were well suppressed by black mulch above the entire where black mulches have been used. In mulch plots there was consistent reduction in weed intensity also. The black mulch seems to be a suitable for assuring an effective weed suppression and high yield in tomato grown in raised beds compared to the plants grown on flat beds without using any mulch material.
Actinides and Transactinides
Authors: Nagame Yuichiro , Sato Tetsuya K. , Kratz Jens V.
Published: September 2020

This article gives a brief summary of the recent progress in the synthesis of new elements as well as heavy nuclei far from the stability line and in the studies of exotic nuclear decay properties including nuclear fission of heavy nuclei and chemical characterization of heavy actinides and transactinides. Experimental techniques of single‐atom detection after in‐flight separation with electromagnetic separators have made a breakthrough in discovery of new heavy isotopes. Development of automated rapid chemical separation apparatuses performing one atom‐at‐a‐time chemistry has also considerably contributed to the progress of chemical studies of the transactinides. Some key experiments exploring new frontiers of the production and chemical characterization of heavy actinides and transactinides using state‐of‐the‐art techniques are demonstrated. A short historical perspective of actinide and transactinide elements and some prospects of extending nuclear and chemical studies of heavy elements in the future are briefly presented.
Emulsion Polymerization
Authors: Donald Sundberg , Michael Cunningham
Published: September 2020

Emulsion polymerization has been practiced for nearly a century, but its basic mechanisms were not understood until much later. The product of this polymerization method is called a latex and its vast array of properties continues to be developed by utilizing the nanoparticle characteristics of such aqueous dispersions (∼1018particles/L). Due to the compartmentalization of the active, free radicals within separate particles, one can achieve high reaction rates and high polymer molecular weights at the same time—a unique feature of emulsion polymerization. At the same time, the resulting latex has low viscosity and high heat capacity, even at 50% polymer content, because water is the dispersing agent. Over the years, latex technology has evolved to include composite polymer nanoparticles with two or more phase‐separated regions within them. Further extensions continue to be made that result in hybrid latex particles in which one component is not created via standard emulsion polymerization processes (eg, metal oxides, alkyd resin, and polyurethane), but a second component is created in that manner. Other new processing techniques have also been developed to avoid some of the mechanistic restrictions of standard emulsion polymerization (particle nucleation via micellar initiation, poor water solubility of some vinyl monomers) leading to “miniemulsion polymerization” systems. Further extensions have resulted in “microemulsion polymerizations” in which the final, dispersed particle sizes are smaller than the wavelength of visible light.
Non‐Newtonian Fluids
Authors: Patel S.A. , Chhabra R.P.
Published: September 2020

This chapter aims at introducing and demonstrating the ubiquitous nature of non‐Newtonian flow characteristics in a broad spectrum of industrial settings. Beginning with the definitions of a viscous fluid and an elastic material and a Newtonian fluid, different kinds of non‐Newtonian flow characteristic are introduced and briefly discussed. Next, each of these is illustrated by presenting experimental data for polymer solutions, suspensions, and so on. Most such complex materials exhibit nonlinear viscosity (shear‐thinning, shear‐thickening, yield stress, visco‐elasticity, etc), time‐dependent, and extensional flow characteristics under appropriate conditions, which are of great interest from their processing, manufacturing and the end‐user stand point. This is followed by a discussion of a few constitutive models, some of which are purely empirical in nature, while others are based on different combinations of a dashpot (viscous) and a spring (elastic) elements to capture varying blends of fluid‐like and solid‐like non‐Newtonian characteristics. Next, a range of selected applications including the steady flow of such fluids in ducts of circular and noncircular cross‐sections, in packed columns and in unconsolidated porous media, and boundary layer‐type external flows over a sphere and a long cylinder are briefly discussed. The chapter is concluded by mentioning the other important aspects of this class of fluids and their processing in wide‐ranging settings for interested readers to gain further insights into the fascinating world of non‐Newtonian fluids.
Recombinant transgelin‐like protein 1 fromMytilusshell induces formation of CaCO3polymorphic crystalsin vitro
Authors: Jiang Yuting , Sun Qi , Fan Meihua , He Jianyu , Zhang Xiaolin , Xu Huanzhi , Liao Zhi
Published: September 2020

Transgelin is an actin cross‐linking/gelling protein of the calponin family, which is associated with actin stress fibres, cell motility, adhesion and the maintenance of cell morphology. Transgelin‐like proteins (TLPs) have also been identified as shell matrix proteins (SMPs) in several mollusc species; however, the functions of TLPs in biomineralization remain unknown. Transgelin‐like protein 1 (TLP‐1) was previously identified from the shell ofMytilus coruscusas a novel 19 kDa SMP with a calponin homology (CH) domain. To understand the role of TLP‐1 in shell formation, the expression level and localization of the TLP‐1 gene in biomineralization‐related tissues were determined in this study. Furthermore, recombinant TLP‐1 was expressed in a prokaryotic expression system with codon optimization, and an anti‐rTLP‐1 antibody was prepared based on the expressed recombinant TLP‐1 (rTLP‐1) protein.In vitro, rTLP‐1 induced the formation of CaCO3polymorphic crystals with distinct morphologies and inhibited crystallization rate and crystal interactions. Immunohistochemical, immunofluorescence, and pull‐down analyses using the anti‐rTLP‐1 antibody revealed the specific locations of TLP‐1 in biomineralization‐related tissues and shell myostracum layer, and suggested the existence of a possible TLP‐1 interaction network in the shell matrix. Our results are beneficial for understanding the functions of TLP‐1, particularly through its CH domain, during shell mineralization.