bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
THE EFECT OF BIRTHING BALL FOR ANXIETY AND PAIN IN LABOR
Authors: Simanjuntak Melicha Kristine
Published: July 2022

Physical and psychological factors are one of the causes of mortality and morbidity in pregnant and childbirth women. Physical psychological changes during pregnancy will greatly affect their readiness to face childbirth. Pain and anxiety in labor can be treated with non-pharmacological treatment. One method that can be given is the use of a birthing ball. The purpose of the study was to determine the effect of using a birthing ball on reducing pain intensity and anxiety levels in maternity mothers. This research was conducted at the Tigarunggu Health Center from January to June 2021. The research design was quasi-experimental with a one group pretest-posttest design. The sample is 30 respondents using total sampling technique. The data in this study were processed using the dependent T-Test test. The results of the statistical test showed that there were differences in the level of anxiety in maternity with the average difference of 2.10 and the p-value 0.001. The use of birthing balls also showed a decrease in maternal pain with an average difference of 0.52 and a p-value of 0.02. Based on the results of the study, it was concluded that there was a significant effect on the level of anxiety and pain intensity after the use of birthing balls in women giving birth.
ANALYSIS OF THE COST EFFECTIVENESS OF THERAPY IN HYPERTENSION AND TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS PATIENTS IN OUTSTANDING INSTALLATION RSUD TOTO KABILA
Authors: Madania Madania , Bangol Asnia , Diantika Ana
Published: July 2022

Hypertension and diabetes mellitus are degenerative diseases where various therapies are certainly used so that the effectiveness of each drug and the costs incurred need to be considered. The more treatments used, the more costs will be incurred.  Therefore, a pharmacoeconomic analysis needs to be carried out to assist decision making in performing therapy. This research was a non-experimental research with descriptive analysis design.  Data collection was retrospective by tracing previous documents sourced from medical records of patients with hypertension and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (DM) at the Outpatient Installation of Toto Kabila Regional General Hospital for the period of October to December 2020. Samples were taken by purposive sampling technique and then the data obtained were analyzed by calculating the direct medical costs and drug effectiveness. Data analysis from this study used Cost Effectiveness Analysis (CEA) and was continued in the form of ratio, namely Average Cost Effectiveness Ratio (ACER) or Incremental Cost Effectiveness ratio (ICER). The results showed that in hypertension, drug therapy used were Amlodipine (47.8%) and Candesartan (52.2%), while in Type 2 DM therapy were the combination of Metformin and Glimepiride (68.9%) and the combination of Insulin-Aspart and  Insulin Detemir (31.1%). The direct medical cost of hypertension therapy with Amlodipine was Rp. 184.921, and Candesartan was Rp. 158.159.  As for the Type 2 DM therapy, the cost of Metformin-Glimepiride combination was Rp.  168.253,226 and the combination of Insulin-Aspart and Insulin-Detemir of Rp. 1.077.259. The results of the cost effectiveness calculation show that Candesartan is more cost-effective than Amlodipine, while the combination of Metformin-Glimepirid is more cost-effective than the combination of Insulin-Aspart and Insulin-Detemir.
THE EFFECT OF PREOPERATIVE EDUCATION ON SELF EFFICACY AND BEHAVIOR OF POST OPERATIVE PATIENTS OF LOWER EXTREMITY FRACTURES
Authors: Prahasta Padma Sekar Ayu Putri , Nasution Sri Lestari Ramadhani , Sitorus Juwita Hotmida
Published: July 2022

Preoperative education is a form of education given before surgery patients, education contains things that patients will do after surgery. Preoperative education can improve self-efficacy and patient behavior. Objectives: To investigate whether there is an effect of preoperative education on self-efficacy and behavior in lower extremity fracture patients; Methods: This study used a quantitative method with a Quasi Experimental design with a pretest and posttest control group approach. The sample used was 52 respondents who were diagnosed as lower extremity fractures. Respondents were divided into 2 groups: intervention (provided education in the form of videos) and control (given verbal education); Results: after the study was completed and the score was calculated, there was an increase in the two control and intervention groups in the self-efficacy questionnaire scores but there was a significant increase in self-efficacy and exercise behavior in the intervention group who were given preoperative education via video for 15 minutes, namely 53.84 % self efficacy scores and 21 behavioral scores; Conclusion: In this study it was found that preoperative education is important in patient care, education provided through video is proven to be more effective in increasing self-efficacy and improving postoperative exercise behavior in lower extremity fracture patients compared to preoperative education given verbally.
THE RELATIONSHIP OF MOTHER'S KNOWLEDGE AND PSYCHOLOGICAL CONDITIONS WITH BASIC IMMUNIZATION VISITS IN INFANTS 0-11 MONTHS DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC
Authors: Maksum Tri Septian , Arsad Nikmatisni , Polontalo Widya Cahyaningsih
Published: July 2022

The Covid-19 pandemic has had a major impact on community life, one of which is basic immunization activities for infants 0-11 months at the posyandu. In its implementation, there were some worries and anxieties felt by the mothers of posyandu participants who were afraid that their children and themselves were infected by the Covid-19 virus (SARS-CoV-2). Meanwhile, basic immunization is very important for children to prevent various dangerous diseases. This study aims to determine the relationship between mother's knowledge and psychological condition with basic immunization visits for infants 0-11 months during the Covid-19 pandemic. The research location is in the working area of the Ulantha Health Center, Suwawa District, Bone Bolango Regency. This research is included in an analytic observational study with a cross sectional study design. The population is all mothers who have babies aged 0-11 months in the working area of the Ulantha Health Center with a total of 64 people. The number of samples is the same as the total population, namely 64 people obtained using the total sampling technique. Data was collected using a standard Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HARS) questionnaire, and then processed using SPSS. Data were analyzed using chi-square test. The results showed that most of the mothers had good knowledge levels (45.0%), severe psychological conditions (anxiety) (46.9%), and made basic immunization visits during the Covid-19 pandemic (93.8%). There was no relationship between knowledge (p=0.597) and mother's psychological condition (p=0.300) with basic immunization visits for infants 0-11 months during the Covid-19 pandemic. This happens because of the lack of family support and encouragement from health workers and most mothers feel anxious and worried about the current pandemic situation, but they still make immunization visits considering the importance of immunization for children in preventing dangerous diseases. It is recommended for mothers to continue to bring their babies for basic immunization visits even though they are still in the Covid-19 pandemic condition while still implementing strict health protocols.
THE EFFECT OF ANDALIMAN EXTRACT (ZANTHOXYLUM ACANTHOPODIUM DC) ON THE HISTOLOGY OF THE STZ-INDUCED DIABETES MELLITUS RATS
Authors: Adnan Maco Chan , Albert Albert , Aprilia Gultom Angelina , Mellenia Purba , Enda Sitepu , Linda Chiuman , Fransisca Kotsasi
Published: July 2022

Diabetes is a chronic disease that occurs when the pancreas cannot produce enough insulin or the insulin produced by the body cannot be used effectively. In one study it was shown that testicular weight, sperm count, and sperm motility were significantly reduced due to diabetes. This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of methanol extract and ethyl acetate and n-hexane fractions of andaliman (Zanthoxylum acanthopodium DC) on the histopathological features of Streptozotocin-induced rat kidney (Rattus novergicus). The study used 30 white rats weighing 150-260g aged 2-3 months. The test was divided into 6 groups, namely, without treatment given STZ 45 mg/KgBW + Metformin 50 mg/kgBW (Standard), only STZ 45 mg/KgBW (negative control), given STZ 45 mg/KgBW + methanol extract andaliman 300 mg/ kgBW (Menthanol), administration of STZ 45 mg/KgBW + ethyl acetate fraction andaliman 300 mg/kgBW (Ethyl Acetate), and administration of STZ 45 mg/KgBW + n-hexane fraction andaliman 300 mg/kgBW (n-hexane). The extract was administered for 14 days and on the 15th day, the rats were sacrificed and their testes were taken and the histological process was carried out. The results showed that presenting ethyl acetate fraction of andaliman fruit (Z. acanthopodium DC) could prevent the level of testicular damage in diabetic patients.
DESCRIPTION OF NURSES QUALITY OF WORK LIFE IN RSUD DR. M.M. DUNDA LIMBOTO
Authors: Kau Suci Tasya Amelia , Dulahu Wirda Y. , Hiola Dewi Suryaningsi
Published: July 2022

Most health workers in hospitals are nurses who have an important responsibility in providing health services. Quality of work life is an important issue in health organizations, has several impacts on nurses and nursing services. The low quality of work life of nurses can lead to feelings of frustration, incompetence, and feelings of guilt. If it continues, it can lead to an incident of turnover for nurses. Quality of Nursing Work Life (QNWL) is an important element for the nursing profession that will affect the quality of health services. The purpose of this study was to determine the quality of working life of nurses in RSUD Dr. M.M. Dunda Limboto.This research is a type of quantitative research using descriptive analysis with a cross-sectional approach. The research population of nurses was 272 people with a sample of 161 respondents using proportionate stratified random sampling technique. Data analysis using univariate test.The results showed that nurses who had a good quality of work life amounted to 124 respondents (77%), had a sufficient quality of work life amounted to 30 respondents (18.6%) and had a poor quality of work life amounted to 7 respondents (4.3%). Quality of working life of nurses in RSUD Dr. M.M Dunda Limboto was mostly in the good category with a percentage of 77%. This research is expected to be an input for hospitals in improving the quality of nurses' work so that they can provide optimal health services.
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN STRESS FACTORS AND GASTRITIS IN STUDENTS OF PRIMA INDONESIA UNIVERCITY
Authors: Antony Clinton , Christine Christine , Suhartina Suhartina , Nasution Sri Lestari Ramadhani
Published: July 2022

Gatritis is the inflammation or swelling of gastric mucose triggered by an irritation and infection. Gatritis occurs if it solely causes simple gastric inflammation, else gastric ulcers happen when the acidity damages stomach lining. Based on one of Indonesia’s health profile in 2016, gastritis is top 10 of the most in-hospital patients numbering 380.744 cases recorded. It is known that gastritis risk factors include long-term stress that often encountered in university students, stimulates high-amount gastric acid production; Objective: The main ocassion of this study was to rule out the link between stress and gastritis recurrences in undergarduate at Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Prima Indonesia; Method: This testing utilize descriptive-analytic-observational method with cross-sectional design. We used a total of 94 respondents, all of them are currently stated as active students of 2020/2021at Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Prima Indonesia; Result: Statistics were gathered by respondents filling in some questionnaires, hence being analyzed using Chi-Square, which shows 37 people (39.4%) are suffering recurrence aastritis and the other 57 people 60.6%) are not; Conclusion: Therefore, we concluded that there is a intense connection between stress and gastritis recurrences with p=0.001 (p0.05) where the more stress a person received, the more probable he/she is getting gastritis recurrences
INCIDENCE OF DIABETIC GANGRENE IN PATIENTS WITH TYPE 2 DIABETES MELITUS AT ROYAL PRIMA HOSPITAL
Authors: Dhillon Jaskaran , Sopacua Erwin , Tandanu Erny
Published: July 2022

Diabetes is a metabolic disorder classified as chronic hyperglycemia. It is disorder of protein, carbohydrate and fat metabolism, which can result from dysfunction in insulin secretion and the mechanisms of insulin. An estimated 366 million people suffered from DM in 2011Diabetic gangrene arises from complication of DM. It results from infection or wound inflammatory process in advanced phase caused by either less intensive care or degenerative changes. The objective of this study is to assess the incidence of diabetic gangrene in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus at Royal Prima Hospital This type of research is a retrospective study. The sample of this study was conducted at the Royal Prima Hospital for the period 1 January 2020 - 31 December 2020. The number of respondents used purposive sampling method, with inclusion and exclusion criteria. Data collection in this study is non-probability sampling with purposive sampling technique. The highest proportion of diabetic gangrene sufferers in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients was found at the age of 51-60 years with percentage (54.4%), while the lowest proportion was at age 40 years with a percentage (3.5%), and obtained age 40-50 years with a percentage (19.3%) and 60 years with percentage (22.8%). The proportion of patients with diabetic gangrene in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients was male (63.2%) more than female (36, 8%). The highest proportion of diabetic gangrene sufferers in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients with KGD ranges from 200-300 mg/dl (52.6%) and the lowest is 100 mg/dl (1%)
DESCRIPTION OF DIAGNOSTIC COVID-19 ADULT PATIENTS AT ROYAL PRIMA HOSPITAL
Authors: Maler Fanny , Wienaldi Wienaldi , Adrian Adrian
Published: July 2022

Abstrak Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) adalah masalah kesehatan yang memiliki tipe virus baru yang sebelumnya tidak muncul pada manusia, yaitu virus pembawa COVID-19. Coronavirus merupakan sekelompok besar virus yang memicu kasus penyakit gejala ringan hingga parah. COVID-19 kali ini menjadi masalah paling serius di dunia. Jumlah kasusnya meningkat setiap hari dan seluruh individu terserang COVID-19 adalah dari semua usia dan jenis kelamin. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui gambaran diagnostik pasien dewasa COVID-19 di RSU Royal Prima Medan dari bulan Oktober hingga Desember 2020 yang terdapat 164 orang. Penelitian dilakukan dengan metode deskriptif dan retrospektif. Penelitian ini mendeskripsikan gambaran diagnostik pasien dewasa Covid-19 di RSU Royal Prima berdasarkan sumber data sekunder dengan melihat usia, jenis kelamin, dan gejala yang paling sering dialami sesuai dengan data yang telah tercatat pada rekam medik di RSU Royal prima Medan, dilakukannya penelitian ini pada bulan Maret – Juni 2021. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukan pasien COVID-19 terbanyak adalah pasien dengan jenis kelamin laki-laki berjumlah 93 orang (56,7%) serta gejala yang paling sering dialami secara umum dan berdasarkan jenis kelamin, yaitu demam, batuk, dan sesak nafas, serta lebih banyak terjadi pada usia 26-35 tahun. Kata kunci: COVID-19; Gejala; Jenis Kelamin; Usia Abstract Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a health problem with a new type virus that has never been occured before in humans, the virus that carries COVID-19, namely SARS-CoV-2. Corona virus is a large family of viruses that cause illness ranging from mild to severe symptoms. COVID-19 is currently the most serious problem in the worlds. The number of cases is increasing every day and the people who infected with COVID-19 were all ages and genders. The purpose of this study was to find out the diagnostic explanation of adult COVID- 19 patients at RSU Royal Prima Medan in October-December 2020 which contains 164 people. This study was conducted using a descriptive method and a retrospective approach. This research was explaining the diagnostic explanation in adult Covid-19 patients at the RSU Royal prima Medan, based on secondary data sources by looking at the ages, genders and the most frequently experienced symptoms according to data that has been recorded in the medical record at the RSU Royal prima Medan, this research was conducted in March – June 2021. The results of this study showed that most of the COVID-19 patients were male that consist of 93 people (56,7%) and the most common symptoms and based on genders were fever, cough, shortness of breath, and more common at the age of 26-35 years.
THE EFFECT OF FIRE PROTECTION FACILITIES AND DISASTER RESPONSE SIMULATIONS ON INCREASING SKILLS IN FIRE FIGHTING AT POLTEKKES KEMENKES GORONTALO
Authors: Loleh Suwarni , Damiti Sukmawati Ahmad , Age Sulastri Pua
Published: July 2022

Data obtained from the National Disaster Management Agency (BNPB) in early 2014 to 2016 states that there are still many cases of fires occurring in Indonesia. Most people do not know the causes that often cause fires and the initial steps that must be taken when a fire occurs to minimize the losses caused. Practicing and building preparedness is necessary to deal with any emergency situation that is difficult to predict. Therefore, it is necessary to conduct a disaster emergency response simulation to find out the extent of knowledge and skills in fire disaster management, especially in the work area of the Health Poltekkes, Ministry of Health, Gorontalo. The research design used is a Quasy Experiment One Group Study (Pretest-Posttest) by measuring the independent variables (independent) consisting of fire emergency response simulations, while the dependent variable is fire disaster management knowledge and skills. The number of patient samples was calculated based on the Slovin formula obtained by 36 respondents using Univariate and Bivariate analysis methods through computer statistical programs. The time of the research will be carried out in June 2019. The results show that the fire prevention facilities in the Gorontalo Health Ministry Health Poltekkes work area are adequate but are constrained by the ability of electric power, but the knowledge and skills of employees within the Gorontalo District Health Office are adequate. Poltekkes based on statistical tests using paired sample T test obtained p = 0.000 (α = 0.05) which means that the fire emergency response simulation has an effect on increasing the knowledge and skills of employees in the Health Polytechnic of the Ministry of Health of Gorontalo in dealing with fire disasters.
Is the Unity of Nigeria Negotiable or Not?
Authors: Adetola Obatunde Bright , Oyafunke-Omoniyi Comfort O.
Published: July 2022

One popular saying among the elites in Nigeria is that ‘unity of Nigeria is not negotiable’. However, going by the daily experiences or occurrences and views of ordinary Nigerians, the statement seems aloof of the realities in Nigeria in all the decades of her creation. Indeed, there seems to be more factors pointing to the need for re-negotiation than a blanket non-negotiability-the sing song of the elites. The concern of this paper is to explore the factors that have made Nigerians unwilling to live together. In this regard therefore, the paper shall unravel reasons advanced by the elites for the non-negotiability of Nigeria in spite of her challenges and unwillingness to live together; find out why some Nigerians belief and call for self-determination or a complete re-negotiation of Nigeria and finally document the daily experiences of Nigerians in the last sixty years to supply empirical evidences for the need for a renegotiation of a nation on the brink.
Impact of COVID-19 on Lekki Conservation Centre, Lagos Nigeria
Authors: Obiageli C. Okoye , Hembafan P. Ogoina
Published: July 2022

The global economic system has been adversely affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. The tourism industry is one of the most affected sectors due to unprecedented restrictions imposed on human mobility and interaction to curb the spread of the virus. Lekki Conservation Center Lagos, a natural reserve managed by Nigerian Conservation Foundation is one of the tourists’ destinations affected by the pandemic. This article investigates the impact of Covid-19 pandemic on tourism in Lekki Conservation Center Lagos. To achieve this, onsite observation, key informant interviews and in-depth interviews were conducted with employees, and some selected patrons of the destination. It was discovered that the center lost lots of revenue following the lockdown. However, the management was able to take care of its recurrent expenditure such as the payment of their employee’s salaries from their savings and funding received from stakeholders. The influx of tourists to the center after the lockdown was as a result of its open nature and the COVID-19 preventive measures put in place therein. These measures considerably increased the running cost of the center. The study therefore recommends that tourists’ destinations should be given financial incentives and tax holiday by the government to enable them recover quickly from the impact of the pandemic.
Vulnerability Scanning
Authors: Pandey Subhangani , Chaudhary Anita
Published: July 2022

The commercial value of web applications has significantly increased in recent years. They progressed from simple information-sharing platforms to more sophisticated business applications. Web-based apps, unlike most other technologies, are always accessible from anywhere in the world. This makes them ideal targets for malevolent cyberattacks. Scanners can identify and mitigate an organization's vulnerabilities. However, without a thorough awareness of a system's weaknesses, it would be difficult to undertake effective network defense in order to keep intruders out in the real world. As a result, vulnerability scanning is an important part of a cybersecurity curriculum's success. In this paper, we'll look at the present state of open-source vulnerability scanning technologies. A literature review of vulnerability assessment and reporting, vulnerability scanning, vulnerability scanning technologies, security vulnerabilities, system and application security, and malicious cyber-attacks reveals that a lot of work is being done in this area. This research provides an in-depth examination of vulnerability scanning technologies. In this paper, we covered two important topics: vulnerability scanning and reporting. Then, after identifying gaps in relevant practices and presenting chosen findings, we emphasize future directions and bring this study to a conclusion. The top open-source network vulnerability scanning tools are described in detail.
A note on anisotropic quantum gravity
Authors: Halayka Shawn
Published: July 2022

In Newton's theory, all mass gravitates in an isotropic (spherical) manner.

In this paper, we will consider aspherical -- anisotropic -- gravitating processes, which leads to a unique view of dark matter: dark matter is a graviton condensate.

We also discuss dark energy, and the possibility of a final, $5$th interaction.
Gerchberg-Saxton Based FIR Filter for Electronic Dispersion Compensation in IM/DD Transmission Part I: Theory and Simulation
Authors: Karar Abdullah S.
Published: July 2022

Intensity-modulation and direct-detection (IM/DD) transmission over short-reach optical fiber links, require electronic dispersion compensation (EDC) at the transmitter and/or electronic equalization at the receiver. Recently, the iterative Gerchberg-Saxton (GS) algorithm was demonstrated for EDC in IM/DD systems, through treating the amplitude at the transmitter and the phase prior-to the direct detection receiver as a degree of freedom. In Part I of this work, three GS approaches using finite impulse response (FIR) filters for EDC in IM/DD systems are demonstrated. The first two are closely related and rely on a cascaded FIR structure, while the third offers a novel noniterative EDC solution using a single GS optimized static FIR filter. This is achieved through decoupling pattern dependent aspects of transmission from the GS iterations by targeting a single impulse at the DD receiver. With every successive iteration an impulse response for the GS filter emerges and sets the FIR tap weights. It is also demonstrated that closed-form analytical expressions for the GS filter impulse response can be obtained through small-signal frequency-domain analysis. The FIR filter is simulated using 8-bit finite-precision arithmetic. An adaptive T spaced post feed-forward equalizer (FFE) is utilized for mitigating residual chromatic dispersion. It is shown, that a T/2-spaced pre-EDC FIR filter with 417 taps can support 56 Gb/s non-return-to-zero (NRZ) on-off keying (OOK) transmission over 80 km of single mode fiber (SMF) with a chirp-free Mach-Zehnder modulator (MZM). Part II of this work, presents experimental demonstration of the non-iterative GS FIR filter proposed and simulated in this article.
Gerchberg-Saxton Based Finite Impulse Response Filter for Electronic Dispersion Compensation in Intensity-Modulation/Direct-Detection Transmission
Authors: Karar Abdullah S.
Published: July 2022

Intensity-modulation and direct-detection (IM/DD) systems deployed for short reach optical fiber links require electronic dispersion compensation (EDC) at the transmitter and/or electronic equalization at the receiver. Under direct detection, the optical phase is lost and complex-valued compensation of chromatic dispersion (CD) used in coherent systems could not be adopted. The utilization of the iterative Gerchberg-Saxton (GS) algorithm for EDC in IM/DD systems, has been demonstrated in theory and experiment, through treating the amplitude at the transmitter and the phase prior-to the direct detection receiver as a degree of freedom. In this article, three GS approaches for CD compensation in IM/DD systems using finite impulse response (FIR) filters are described and demonstrated. The first two approaches are closely related and rely on a cascaded FIR structure, while the third approach offers a novel non-iterative solution for EDC in IM/DD systems. In this solution, a feed-forward static digital FIR filter is designed and optimized using the Gerchberg-Saxton algorithm for transmitter CD pre-compensation. This is achieved through decoupling of pattern dependent and modulation format dependent aspects of transmission from the GS iterations by setting the target amplitude at the receiver to single impulse at the center of the time-window. With every successive iteration an impulse response for the CD pre-compensation filter emerges and is used to set the FIR tap weights. It is also demonstrated that the same optimum taps weight can be obtain analytically by applying the frequency-domain fiber transfer function to the iterations of the GS algorithm under the assumptions of small-signal analysis. The FIR filter is implemented using a non-recursive tapped delay line structure with an 8-bit finite-precision arithmetic. An adaptive $T$-spaced feed-forward equalizer (FFE) is utilized at the receiver for compensating residual CD. It is shown, as an example, that a 56 Gb/s non-return to zero (NRZ) on-off keying (OOK) signal could be transmitted over 80 km of single mode fiber (SMF)  with a chirp-free single drive Mach-Zehnder modulator (MZM) and a 417-tap FIR filter operating at 2 sample-per-symbol with the bit error ratio (BER) below the hard-decision forward error correction (FEC) limit of $3.8 \times 10^{-3}$. Enabling a 21-tap post-FFE, reduces the BER to a 1 dBQ margin below the FEC limit.
Ensemble of Similar Differential Evolution Algorithms With Independent Option on Operators for Individuals
Authors: Li Chengjun
Published: July 2022

A differential evolution algorithm
Input Conditioned Subranging and Skewed Quantisation of MACs in IMC
Authors: Balagopal Sundar Ashwin , Viraraghavan Janakiraman , Vijayakumar Balaji
Published: July 2022

In-Memory Computation(IMC) of Neural-Network(NN) inference is done by performing the Multiply-ACcumulate(MAC) operation in the analog domain. Parallelly digitising MAC voltages by fitting Analog to Digital Converters(ADCs) within dense memory-pitches is a fundamental challenge for IMC engines. IMC works thus far rely on clipping the MAC-PDF to reduce the dynamic range, reducing the per data-line(DL) ADC precision requirement. In this work, we show that the per-DL ADC precision can be reduced even further by focusing on quantising the input Conditioned MAC-PDF(CMPDF), which spans a sub-range in the total MAC-PDF. We demonstrate on hardware a technique to locate the CMPDF in one-shot by tracking its mean. We show that quantisation levels about the CMPDF mean can be skewed to only span the portion of CMPDF that yields positive ReLU inputs, provided MACs are implemented as complete sums. Compared to symmetrically spanning CMPDF, this requires 20% to 40% fewer references at iso-accuracy for the investigated neural network layers. Hardware measured results for Fully-Connected NN inference on MNIST yielded < 1% accuracy drop when MAC-voltages were quantised with 4 bit references about the CMPDF mean as compared to full-range 6 bit ADC sensing the MAC-voltages. MATLAB evaluation using 3.5 to 4.2 bit CMPDF quantisation for MNIST-FCNN, CIFAR-10 Resnet-20 and VGG-11 inference yielded < 1% accuracy drop as compared to full-range 6 to 7 bit MAC quantisation. 
Holistic Perspectives on Safety of Automated Driving Systems - Methods for Provision of Evidence
Authors: Gyllenhammar Magnus , Rodrigues de Campos Gabriel , Törngren Martin
Published: July 2022

In recent years, the enormous investments in Automated Driving Systems (ADSs) have distinctly advanced ADS technologies. Despite promises made by several high profile auto-makers, it has however become clear that the challenges involved for deploying ADS have been drastically underestimated. This paper focuses on the challenge of providing sufficient evidence to support the safety claims of ADSs. The provisioning of such evidence clearly relates both to technical maturity of ADS systems (including actual experiences from deploying such systems), and on the development of methodologies for reasoning about ADS safety claims. Contrary to previous generations of automotive systems, common design, development, verification and validation methods for safety critical systems do not suffice to cope with the increased complexity and operational uncertainties of an ADS. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to provide an understanding of existing methods focusing on the development of a safe ADS and, most importantly, identifying the associated challenges and gaps. 

We present eight challenges, collectively distinguishing ADSs from safety critical systems in general, and discuss the existing methods in the light of these eight challenges. Based on this discussion, a set of research gaps are identified.
Cambiare opinione (o quasi) su Camilleri
Authors: Traina Giuseppe
Published: July 2022

The author takes the opportunity of the celebrations in honor of Annamaria Pagliaro to return to the works of Andrea Camilleri, confirming some perplexities already expressed in an article from 1998, especially regarding his detective novels. On other aspects of Camilleri’s works, however, the author’s opinions have changed. In this new critical work, the author took into account the works subsequently published by Camilleri, especially the narrative masterpiece Il re di Girgenti, but also his public role and the relationship he was able to establish with his faithful readers.
Italy and George Gissing: A Geocritical Approach
Authors: Gussago Luigi
Published: July 2022

Victorian novelist George Gissing (1857-1903) was a devotee of ancient Roman culture and visited Italy three times between 1888 and 1897. In spite of this admiration, his relationship with Italy was problematic, largely due to personal mishaps. In light of these conflicting views, my essay considers Gissing’s portrayals of mostly Southern Italian locations through his fiction, letters, and travelogues. The focus lies here not so much on the narrator but on the narrated space, with Bertrand Westphal’s notion of “geocriticism” at its theoretical core. Far from being a utopian haven, Gissing’s Italy emerges as a trans-cultural meeting point where the perception of an “interiorised place” can reshape reality, alter horizons, and redefine established values.
Postcolonial Italian Studies: Rhizomatic Notes from the South
Authors: Virga Anita , Zuccala Brian
Published: July 2022

This essay draws on the first (of two) edited volumes of ISSA dedicated to “Postcolonialismi Italiani ieri e oggi appunti (sudafricani) per una (ri)concettualizzazione ‘rizomatica’ dei postcolonial Italian studies” (Virga, Zuccala 2018) and on some of the new concepts introduced therein. The essay tackles in a more thorough fashion and from a broader perspective some of the methodological and terminological issues raised – albeit in a necessarily cursory manner (and in Italian) – in Virga and Zuccala 2018. The essay starts by geographically positioning writers in the context of global academia and claiming an epistemological consequence of their geographical position. It then gives an overview of the field of postcolonial Italian studies in order to explain how the concept of rhizome, when applied meta-critically to the whole field, might provide a useful starting point for a paradigmatic reconceptualization of postcolonial Italian studies.
At the origin of modern nursing: Florence Nightingale (1820-1910) versus Ellen Gould White (1827-1915)
Authors: Baldanzi Francesco , Lippi Donatella
Published: July 2022

Aim of this short article is to put in light the connections between the similarities and differences between the theories of Florence Nightingale (1820-1910) and those of Ellen Gould White (1827-1915): the first is known around the world because she is considered the founder of modern nursing.Ellen Gould White, on the other hand, is especially familiar within the Seventh-day Adventist Church, of which she was a prominent member.These two women never met or corresponded with one another, yet their writings about health have strong similarities.
Trends in foreign-educated nurse mobility beyond the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Stievano Alessandro , Alvarez Thomas , Shaffer Franklin
Published: July 2022

While the COVID-19 pandemic initially halted the mobility of health professionals, global migration has since returned to pre-pandemic levels and will likely explode in the years beyond the pandemic. Simultaneously, the situation surrounding global health workforce staffing and sustainability is dire; the current global shortage of nurses is estimated at seven million, while the WHO calls for 13 million new nurses by 2030. In response, countries, particularly in high-income regions, seek to fill workforce vacancies with foreign-educated health workers. To both meet the demands of high-income countries’ strained health systems and to ensure ethical and sustainable recruitment practices for equally strained low- to middle-income regions, governments, health systems, and other stakeholders should strive for workforce sustainability via effective and coordinated policy responses, both at the national and international level. If correctly endorsed and implemented, the WHO Global Code of Practice on the International Recruitment of Health Personnel can be an effective tool in helping “destination” countries and regions meet the needs of their strained health workforces while also ensuring sustainability and ethical recruitment from “source” regions that are equally at risk.
Effects of endotracheal suctioning on respiratory parameters in Pediatric Intensive Care Unit: a prospective observational study
Authors: Cocca Carolina , Mincolelli Michele
Published: July 2022

Introduction The endotracheal suctioning is an invasive practice performed in critical care units that allows removal of the pulmonary secretions in intubated patients. During this procedure, patients are exposed to potential risks that health professionals, should prevent or minimize. At date is a shortage of published studies on the frequency of endotracheal suction in pediatric critically ill patients. It is supposed that the endotracheal suction does not affect significantly the assessment of short-term respiratory parameters and therefore may be deferred by the clinical condition of the patient. Methods The study carried out from 1 January to 30 September 2016 in mechanically ventilated pediatric patients at pediatric intensive care unit of Salesi children’s Hospital of Ancona. The study involved the collection of two venous blood samples taken from a central venous catheter: the first blood gas analysis was performed on each patient 1 minute before endotracheal aspiration and after a time interval of about 30 minutes from the endotracheal suctioning a second sample from the same vascular access device. Mean and percentages were calculated for qualitative variables, mean and standard deviation were calculated for quantitative parameters. For inferential purposes, to evaluate the effects of endotracheal aspiration on respiratory parameters detected by blood gas analysis, the student T test was performed for paired data with a 95% confidence interval. Results A total of 40 patients were recruited, of which 14 were females (35%) and 26 were males (65%). The results were as follows: For pH, the mean of the difference in values is .0065 [95% CI -0.0067 - 0.0197]. According to T test for paired data, a p=.3256 was obtained. From the inferential point of view, this difference is not considered statistically significant. For the pO2 the mean of the difference in values is .03 [95% CI-1.62 -1.67]. According to T tests for paired data, a p =.9756 was obtained. For the pCO2, the mean of the difference in values is -1.88 [95% CI -3.81 - 0.06] with a p value = .0577.

Discussion Our findings highlighted no statistically significant differences between pre and post endotracheal aspiration values of pH, pO2 and pCO2. This suggests that the aspiration has beneficial effects on the pulmonary mechanics. Therefore, it is declared that the reduction of the frequency of endotracheal aspiration pediatric cause a reduction of the related infectious risks, reducing costs and respiratory nosocomial infections leading to reduced length of hospital stay.
Venturi mask is the pioneer of High-Flow Oxygen Therapy Concepts
Authors: Manici Matteo , Bambi Stefano , Lucchini Alberto
Published: July 2022

Oxygen therapy should be carefully considered and monitored because, as any other medications, it can cause harm to patients, if used inappropriately. This paper focus on the distinction between low-flow and high-flow oxygen therapy. A discussion about Venturi system for oxygen administration is carried on, given that some authors include it in the low-flow devices group despite its characteristics to deliver high flow therapy.
Open Competitive Exams for Teachers in Oristano between Competence Conflicts and Candidate Evaluation (1866-1913)
Authors: Piseri Federico
Published: July 2022

The article aims to analyze the recruitment practices for the election of the elementary teachers in Oristano between 1866 and 1913. The research is based on a large documentary investigation that started from f the Municipal and State Archives of Oristano in a first stage, and then continued in the State Archives of Cagliari and Sassari to deepen the careers of the teachers involved. The recruitment sessions held after 1908 are the real focus of the article. These are the subject of numerous appeals that highlight the dynamics of the relationship, often conflictual, between the teachers, the municipality and the institutions ruling the school in a period when, in Italy, is discussed the transition of the primary school administration from the municipalities to the State. What is observed in such a local and decentralized reality, then, finds its confirmation also in the wider national debate.
The The «tortuous path» of literacy in post-unitary Sardinia. The case of primary education in the province of Cagliari through the quantitative analysis of the statistics offered by the R. School Inspector Giovanni Scrivante (1861-1864)
Authors: Garau Manuela
Published: July 2022

The essay reconstructs the state of primary education in the province of Cagliari, including, the districts of Oristano, Iglesias, Lanusei and the capital, in the aftermath of the Unification of Italy. The analysis starts from the years 1861-1864, through a comparison with primary education statistics in the school year 1853-1854, when the Island was still part of the Regnum Sardiniae, exactly one lustre before the approval of the Casati Law. This comparison, in the largest and most populous province of Sardinia (13,415.22 sq. km. and 372,097 inhabitants at the 1861 census), is made through the study, re-presentation and re-elaboration of the statistical summaries presented and published by the Timon Typography of Cagliari in 1864 at the behest of the Royal School Inspector ff. di Provveditore, Giovanni Scrivante, who made use not only of his work for the years 1863 and 1864, but also of the work on the initiation and dissemination of elementary schools, carried out by his predecessor, Cav. Alberto De Gioannis, in the two-year period 1861-1862. The article addresses the status and diffusion of public and private elementary schools for both boys and girls, as well as mixed schools and evening and holiday schools for adults.

The essay reconstructs the state of primary education in the province of Cagliari, in the aftermath of the Unification of Italy. The analysis starts from the years 1861-1864, through a comparison with primary education statistics in the school year 1853-1854. This comparison, in the largest and most populous province of Sardinia, is made through the study, re-presentation and re-elaboration of the statistical summaries presented and published in 1864 by the School Inspector Giovanni Scrivante.
Not just A, B, C. Education and Development in Southern Italy (1861-1914)
Authors: Pruneri Fabio , Lentini Stefano , Serpe Brunella , Sindoni Caterina
Published: July 2022

The difference between the regions of northern and southern Italy has always been the subject of debate and scholarly reflection. The focus of this monographic issue, within the context of PRIN 2017 "Education and development in southern Italy (1861-1914)", aims to update the historiographical discussion on key aspects of the evolution of education and training in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries and to study the problems that the “Mezzogiorno” faced especially with regard to the formation of human capital.
Referees 2019-2021
Authors: Causarano Pietro
Published: July 2022

Elenco referees RSE per il triennio 2019-2021
Literature Review on Knowledge Sharing among University Lecturers
Authors: Tran Ngoc Tu
Published: July 2022

Knowledge sharing has been recognized as the most important factor in the success of knowledge management. It determines the development of each organization, of which universities are typical organizations. The new model of knowledge management requires exchange and cooperation among university lecturers, creating a better knowledge-sharing environment for effective knowledge management strategies, and encouraging lecturers to participate in common knowledge-sharing activities. Therefore, the article is aimed at reviewing research works related to knowledge sharing in universities. From there, some suggestions are drawn to improve the efficiency of knowledge sharing, knowledge sharing management, and university effectiveness.
Occlusive Syndrome Revealing Hirschsprung's Disease in Two Pediatric Cases Seen in Emergency in a Peripheral Hospital Department of Pediatric Surgery Fousseyni Daou Hospital in Kayes
Authors: M Kouyate, , M Mouistapha,
Published: July 2022

Hirschsprung's disease is a congenital anomaly of the innervation of the distal intestine, usually limited to the rectum and colon, resulting in partial or total functional occlusion. It is one of the most common causes of obstruction in children. It is a rare pathology, but the diagnosis of which is becoming increasingly easy because of dill Omo pathology. We report two cases treated urgently in the pediatric surgery department of the Fousseyni Daou hospital in Kayes. Our objectives were to describe the clinical aspects and the management of an occlusive syndrome secondary to Hirschsprung's disease.
Mechanical and Morphological Properties of Fluted Pumpkin Stem Fiber (Telfaira occidentalis) Recycled High Density Polyethylene Nanocomposites
Authors: Ogah Anselm Ogah , Ezeani Obumneme Emmanuel , James Timothy Ukeme
Published: July 2022

The outstanding characteristic properties of nanographene such as high aspect ratios and improved mechanical properties in comparison with other types of nanofillers like carbon nanotubes and clays has accelerated their use as nanosize filler in polymer matrix composites. The litter of agro-wastes is a critical issue which must be addressed for the preservation of the global environment. The effect of nanographene addition on the mechanical and morphological properties of nanocomposites prepared using fluted pumpkin stem fiber (FPF) and recycled high density polyethylene (R-HDPE) was investigated. Four weight levels of nanographene 0, 0.5, 1.5 and 2.5 wt % were mixed with 65 wt. % HDPE, 35wt. % FPF and 3wt% maleic acid anhydride produced using melt compounding and the extruded nanocomposites was shaped by injection molding machine for the mechanical tests. The results showed that addition of 0.5 wt % nanographene increased the flexural strength, flexural modulus and notched impact strength by 24.77MPa, 1800MPa and 32.61J/m2, compared to the control samples 20.5MPa, 1500MPa and 19.35J/m2 respectively. Although the addition of nanographene to the FPF/HDPE composite significantly improved the flexural strength, flexural modulus and notched impact strength, these improvements came at a unique nanographene loading of 0.5 wt %. The morphological images revealed that the samples with nanographene loading of 0.5 wt. % showed no fiber pullout/holes, whereas higher contents (1.5-2.5wt %) of nanographene exhibited fiber pullout/holes and were easily agglomerated. This study has shown that fluted pumpkin stem fiber could be used in composite formulation with good results comparable to wood-plastic-composites.
Physical and Mechanical Properties of Agro-Waste Filled Recycled High Density Polyethylene Biocomposites
Authors: Ogah Anselm Ogah , Ezeani Obumneme Emmanuel , Nwobi Samuel Chukwuma , Ikelle Ikelle Issie
Published: July 2022

Natural plant fiber/agricultural waste materials have potential in composites due to their eco-friendliness, low cost and sustainability. Plastic and agro-wastes dumping are threatening concerns that must be settled for the protection of the worldwide ecosystem. In this study, the physical and mechanical properties of rice husk flour (RHF), corncob flour (CCF), walnut shell flour (WSF) and wood flour (WF) agro-waste filled recycled high density polyethylene biocomposites were investigated. Results showed bulk densities of RHF 350 kg/m3, CCF 310 kg/m3, WSF 400 kg/m3 and WF 250 kg/m3. Results showed moisture content of RHF 7%, WSF 6.4%, CCF 6% and WF 8%. Particle size distribution of 60-100 mesh size of the fillers was 0.295 mm to˂0.125 mm. Results showed that WF composite showed higher flexural modulus of 3.0 GPa and impact strength of 60 J/m followed by RHF with flexural modulus of 2.75 GPa and WSF with impact strength of 54.4 J/m compared to the control sample of 1.75 GPa and 38 J/m. The flexural strength of WF composite was 27.4 MPa followed by RHF composite 25.4 GPa, CCF composite 20.1 GPa and WSF composite 18.1 GPa compared to the control sample of 30.5 GPa. The higher bulk densities of RHF, WSF and CCF resulted in fiber accumulation at some parts of the composite, thereby causing weak points and the resultant lower mechanical properties compared to WF composites with lower bulk density. The study has shown that agro-waste fillers could be used in composite production with good results compared to WF composites.