bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparative proteomics combined with analyses of transgenic plants reveal ZmREM1.3 mediates maize resistance to southern corn rust
Authors: Wang Shunxi , Chen Zan , Tian Lei , Ding Yezhang , Zhang Jun , Zhou Jinlong , Liu Ping , Chen Yanhui , Wu Liuji
Published: April 2019

Southern corn rust (SCR), which is a destructive disease caused by Puccinia polysora Underw. (P. polysora), commonly occurs in warm‐temperate and tropical regions. To identify candidate proteins related to SCR resistance and characterize the molecular mechanisms underlying the maize–P. polysora interaction, a comparative proteomic analysis of susceptible and resistant maize lines was performed. Statistical analyses revealed 1489 differentially abundant proteins in the resistant line, as well as 1035 differentially abundant proteins in the susceptible line. After the P. polysora infection, the abundance of one remorin protein (ZmREM1.3) increased in the resistant genotype, but decreased in the susceptible genotype. Plant‐specific remorins are important for responses to microbial infections as well as plant signalling processes. In this study, transgenic maize plants overexpressing ZmREM1.3 exhibited enhanced resistance to the biotrophic P. polysora. In contrast, homozygous ZmREM1.3 UniformMu mutant plants were significantly more susceptible to P. polysora than wild‐type plants. Additionally, the ZmREM1.3‐overexpressing plants accumulated more salicylic acid (SA) and jasmonic acid (JA). Moreover, the expression levels of defence‐related genes were higher in ZmREM1.3‐overexpressing maize plants than in non‐transgenic control plants in response to the P. polysora infection. Overall, our results provide evidence that ZmREM1.3 positively regulates maize defences against P. polysora likely via SA/JA‐mediated defence signalling pathways. This study represents the first large‐scale proteomic analysis of the molecular mechanisms underlying the maize–P. polysora interaction. This is also the first report confirming the remorin protein family affects plant resistance to SCR.
Does vertical specialisation increase productivity?
Authors: Constantinescu Cristina , Mattoo Aaditya , Ruta Michele
Published: April 2019

This paper investigates the impact of global value chain (GVC) participation on productivity. It uses data on trade in value‐added from the World Input‐Output Database. The results based on a panel estimation covering 13 sectors in 40 countries over 15 years suggest that participation in GVCs is a significant driver of labour productivity. Backward participation in GVCs, that is, the use of imported inputs to produce for exports, emerges as particularly important. An increase by 10% in the level of GVC participation increased average productivity by close to 1.6%.
Endothelial keratoplasty for corneal endothelial dystrophy in a dog
Authors: Armour Micki D. , Askew Timothy E. , Eghrari Allen O.
Published: April 2019

Objective

To assess the efficacy of an endothelial keratoplasty procedure at defined intervals to 1 year postoperatively for the treatment of corneal endothelial dystrophy (CED) in a canine patient.

Procedure

A dog diagnosed with CED with progressive corneal edema underwent an endothelial keratoplasty. The patient was examined pre‐ and postoperatively with slit lamp biomicroscopy and ultrasonic pachymetry.

Results

Mean central corneal thickness (CCT) measured with pachymetry was >1400 μm preoperatively and decreased postoperatively to 725 μm. The transplanted donor tissue became transparent 2 weeks postoperatively and incorporated with the recipient cornea. The graft remained transparent throughout the duration of the postoperative period evaluated in this study (2 weeks postoperatively to 1 year). The canine patient was comfortable pre‐ and postoperatively.

Conclusions

Endothelial keratoplasty is a potential therapeutic option for canine cases with progressive corneal thickening due to CED. As this is a single case study, further investigation into the use of endothelial keratoplasty to treat CED is warranted. Moreover, canine patients with CED might serve as a surgical model for human patients with Fuchs’ Endothelial Corneal Dystrophy.
Effectiveness of transoral incisionless fundoplication compared to Toupet fundoplication for chronic or refractory gastroesophageal reflux disease: a systematic review protocol
Authors: Joseph Simi Jesto , Ebstein Ann Marie Mazzella , Sapp Alysha
Published: April 2019

Review objective/question:

The objective of this review is to determine which 270-degree fundoplication procedure has a better outcome in patients with chronic or refractory gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). This review will identify the fundoplication approach for chronic or refractory GERD that provides better reflux control with minimal post-procedure complications.

The question of this review is: what is the effectiveness of transoral incisionless fundoplication compared to Toupet fundoplication in adult patients with chronic or refractory GERD?
La construcción discursiva de la inevitabilidad en los inicios del gobierno de la Alianza (Argentina, 1999-2000)
Authors: Cané Mariana
Published: April 2019

Desde los inicios del gobierno de la Alianza (Diciembre 1999), gran parte de los discursos políticos establecieron polémicas en torno al significante “crisis”. En ese contexto, fueron enunciados una variedad de diagnósticos que disputaron por definir qué era lo que estaba en crisis, cuáles eran las causas de la misma y cómo debía ser conjurada. A partir del modo en que los discursos políticos delinearon los contornos de “la crisis”, hemos identificado tres grandes tópicas o conjuntos de argumentos (que denominamos fiscalista, asistencialista y mercadointernista) y un eje en disputa clave vinculado a la construcción de la inevitabilidad de las medidas a adoptar.

Aunque estas tópicas signaron el campo discursivo de lo político hasta fines del año 2001, se consolidaron con sus principales rasgos en el marco de la polémica por la reducción salarial y la aprobación de la reforma laboral de mediados del año 2000. En este sentido, sostenemos que es clave rastrear la construcción discursiva de la inevitabilidad porque constituye un elemento central para comprender parte del proceso de pérdida de legitimidad de la palabra política que alcanzó su punto de mayor algidez en lo que se conoció como “la crisis del 2001”.
Realismo neoclásico y la política exterior de Estados Unidos en Oriente Medio
Authors: Sánchez Fabio
Published: April 2019

En el artículo identificamos aspectos de larga duración y otros coyunturales, que han acompañado la postura de Washington en la zona. En la primera parte, se estudian las primeras intervenciones ocurridas durante el siglo XVIII. Luego, se revisa la primera parte del siglo XX, hasta que el inicio de la Guerra Fría genera marcados cambios en los intereses de la élite política estadounidense hacia la zona. Se estudia, con especial interés, la reacción de Saddam Hussein ante el fin de la era bipolar y el inicio de la posguerra fría en la década de 1990. Finalmente, algunas conclusiones.
Rib Turbulator Heat Transfer Enhancements at Very High Reynolds Numbers
Authors: Zhang Mingyang , Singh Prashant , Ekkad Srinath V.
Published: April 2019

High-pressure stage gas turbine blades feature serpentine passages where rib turbulators are installed to enhance heat transfer between the relatively colder air bled off from the compressor and the hot internal walls. Most of the prior studies have been restricted to Reynolds number of 90,000 and several studies have been carried out to determine geometrically optimized parameters for achieving high levels of heat transfer in this range of Reynolds number. However, for land-based power generation gas turbines, the Reynolds numbers are significantly high and vary between 105 and 106. The present study is targeted toward these high Reynolds numbers where traditional rib turbulator shapes and prescribed optimum geometrical parameters have been investigated experimentally. A steady-state liquid crystal thermography technique is employed for measurement of detailed heat transfer coefficient. Five different rib configurations, viz., 45 deg, V-shaped, inverse V-shaped, W-shaped, and M-shaped have been investigated for Reynolds numbers ranging from 150,000 to 400,000. The ribs were installed on two opposite walls of a straight duct with an aspect ratio of unity. For very high Reynolds numbers, the heat transfer enhancement levels for different rib shapes varied between 1.4 and 1.7 and the thermal hydraulic performance was found to be less than unity.
Temporal and Force Characteristics of Rapid Single-Finger Tapping in Healthy Older Adults
Authors: Aoki Tomoko , Tsuda Hayato , Kinoshita Hiroshi
Published: April 2019

The purpose of this study was to examine finger motor function in terms of temporal and force characteristics during rapid single-finger tapping in older adults. Ten older and 10 young males performed maximum frequency tapping by the index, middle, ring, or little finger. Nontapping fingers were maintained in contact with designated keys during tasks. Key-contact force for each of the fingers was monitored using four force transducers. The older subjects had slower tapping rates of all fingers during single-finger tapping than the young subjects. The average forces exerted by the nontapping fingers were larger for the older subjects than for the young subjects during tapping with the ring and little fingers. The ranges of the nontapping finger forces were larger for the older subjects during tapping by the middle, ring, and little fingers than for the young subjects. Thus, the motor abilities of the fingers evaluated by rapid single-finger tapping decline in older adults compared with young adults in terms of both movement speed and finger independence.
Targeted antibody and cytokine cancer immunotherapies through collagen affinity
Authors: Ishihara Jun , Ishihara Ako , Sasaki Koichi , Lee Steve Seung-Young , Williford John-Michael , Yasui Mariko , Abe Hiroyuki , Potin Lambert , Hosseinchi Peyman , Fukunaga Kazuto , Raczy Michal M. , Gray Laura T. , Mansurov Aslan , Katsumata Kiyomitsu , Fukayama Masashi , Kron Stephen J. , Swartz Melody A. , Hubbell Jeffrey A.
Published: April 2019

An engineered cancer immunotherapy using a collagen-binding domain enhances efficacy and reduces adverse events.
Cbp-dependent histone acetylation mediates axon regeneration induced by environmental enrichment in rodent spinal cord injury models
Authors: Hutson Thomas H. , Kathe Claudia , Palmisano Ilaria , Bartholdi Kay , Hervera Arnau , De Virgiliis Francesco , McLachlan Eilidh , Zhou Luming , Kong Guiping , Barraud Quentin , Danzi Matt C. , Medrano-Fernandez Alejandro , Lopez-Atalaya Jose P. , Boutillier Anne L. , Sinha Sarmistha H. , Singh Akash K. , Chaturbedy Piyush , Moon Lawrence D. F. , Kundu Tapas K. , Bixby John L. , Lemmon Vance P. , Barco Angel , Courtine Gregoire , Di Giovanni Simone
Published: April 2019

Environmental enrichment induces activity-dependent histone acetylation via a druggable mechanism to promote recovery after spinal cord injury.
3D bioprinting chips away at glioblastomal resistance
Authors: O’Cearbhaill Eoin
Published: April 2019

3D-printed tumor-on-a-chip devices closely resembling tumor microenvironment help customize patient treatment regimens for glioblastoma.
Bile duct injury: to err is human; to refer is divine
Authors: Kumar Saket , Kumar Pavan , Chandra Abhijit
Published: April 2019

A 42-year-old woman sustained complete transection of common hepatic duct during routine laparoscopic cholecystectomy. The surgery was being performed at a rural setting, and the injury was identified intraoperatively. The surgeon sought the opinion of an expert biliary surgeon via telephone and discussed the possibility of an immediate end-to-end bile duct repair. Since he lacked the experience of doing biliary-enteric anastomosis, he was advised to place a subhepatic drain and transfer the patient to the hepatobiliary centre for definitive surgery. At the referral centre, the patient was evaluated and planned an immediate biliary repair. On exploration, she was found to have a major type, Strasberg E5 injury. The transected ducts were small in calibre and required double Roux-en-Y hepaticojejunostomy over transanastomotic stents. The postoperative recovery was uneventful. Transanastomotic stents were removed after 6 months, and the patient remained perfectly well at a follow-up of 1 year.
Adult neuroblastoma: a rare diagnosis of an adrenal mass
Authors: Ramsingh Jason , Casey Helen , Watson Carol
Published: April 2019

A 22-year-old woman presented to her local district hospital with left-sided abdominal pain. She denied any urinary or gastrointestinal symptoms. She had a CT scan of her abdomen which showed a probable 8×5×8 cm left-sided adrenal mass. Functional tests for hormone excess were negative. She was referred to a tertiary referral centre and given the size of the adrenal mass; she consented for laparoscopic left adrenalectomy. During the operation, the mass was grossly adherent to the celiac axis, left renal pedicle and DJ flexure. A small nodule posterior to the renal vein was also identified. The operation was completed laparoscopically and she made an uneventful recovery. The specimen was reported as a poorly differentiated neuroblastoma. She had a postoperative MIBG scan which was negative for residual or metastatic disease. She was commenced on platinum-based chemotherapy with a plan for further radiological follow-up.
Is there a genuine placebo effect in acute depression treatments? A reassessment of regression to the mean and spontaneous remission
Authors: Hengartner Michael P
Published: April 2019

Regression to the mean and spontaneous improvements are rarely considered in interpretations of treatment trials for acute major depression. Here I suggest that regression to the mean and spontaneous remission may account for most improvements seen in placebo groups and also for a large proportion of variance in the acute treatment outcome of both antidepressant pharmacotherapy and psychotherapy. These findings have important implications for the interpretation of active treatments and placebo response in depression trials.
Providing sex and relationships education for looked-after children: a qualitative exploration of how personal and institutional factors promote or limit the experience of role ambiguity, conflict and overload among caregivers
Authors: Nixon Catherine , Elliott Lawrie , Henderson Marion
Published: April 2019

Objectives

To explore how personal and institutional factors promote or limit caregivers promoting sexual health and relationships (SHR) among looked-after children (LAC). In so doing, develop existing research dominated by atheoretical accounts of the facilitators and barriers of SHR promotion in care settings.

Design

Qualitative semistructured interview study.

Setting

UK social services, residential children’s homes and foster care.

Participants

22 caregivers of LAC, including 9 foster carers, 8 residential carers and 5 social workers; half of whom had received SHR training.

Methods

In-depth interviews explored barriers/facilitators to SHR discussions, and how these shaped caregivers’ experiences of discussing SHR with LAC. Data were systematically analysed using predetermined research questions and themes identified from reading transcripts. Role theory was used to explore caregivers’ understanding of their role.

Results

SHR policies clarified role expectations and increased acceptability of discussing SHR. Training increased knowledge and confidence, and supported caregivers to reflect on how personally held values impacted practice. Identified training gaps were how to: (1) Discuss SHR with LAC demonstrating problematic sexual behaviours. (2) Record the SHR discussions that had occurred in LAC’s health plans. Contrary to previous findings, caregivers regularly discussed SHR with LAC. Competing demands on time resulted in prioritisation of discussions for sexually active LAC and those ‘at risk’ of sexual exploitation/harm. Interagency working addressed gaps in SHR provision. SHR discussions placed emotional burdens on caregivers. Caregivers worried about allegations being made against them by LAC. Managerial/pastoral support and ‘safe care’ procedures minimised these harms.

Conclusions

While acknowledging the existing level of SHR promotion for LAC there is scope to more firmly embed this into the role of caregivers. Care needs to be taken to avoid role ambiguity and tension when doing so. Providing SHR policies and training, promoting interagency working and providing pastoral support are important steps towards achieving this.
Strategies occupational therapists employ to facilitate work-related transitions for persons with hand injuries: a study protocol for a scoping review
Authors: Uys Michelle Elizabeth , Buchanan Helen , Van Niekerk Lana
Published: April 2019

Introduction

Hands make it possible to be employable and productive, to communicate non-verbally and to perform fine motor tasks required in day-to-day activities. Sustaining a hand injury can be detrimental to function including the ability to work. As the literature on work-related transitions is scattered across a range of journals, it is difficult to get a sense of how much literature there is, what is known and where the gaps lie. This scoping study will provide a single source of up-to-date evidence to inform health professionals about the strategies occupational therapists employ to facilitate work-related transitions for people with hand injuries.

Methods and analysis

The methodological framework by Arksey and O’Malley (2005) will form the structure of the scoping review. The search strategy has been developed in collaboration with a subject librarian. The following databases will be searched: EBSCOhost including only Medline, CINAHL and Health Source: Nursing/Academic Edition; PubMed, Scopus, The Cochrane library and Web of Science. Reference lists will be examined, and grey literature sources will be searched to ensure that literature missed in the database searches is included. Covidence will be used to manage the project. Full-texts will be uploaded for literature that meets the inclusion criteria. A process of blind review will be used to ensure that consistency and rigour is upheld.

Ethics and dissemination

The findings of the scoping review will be disseminated in an article, within 2019, to be published in a peer-reviewed journal. The findings will be presented at conferences to ensure the optimal dissemination of the scoping review’s conclusions.
Epileptic seizure in a cocker spaniel associated with hypocalcaemia, hypovitaminosis D and a protein‐losing enteropathy
Authors: Woods Glynn Alan , Willems Annelies , Hurst Emma , Mellanby Richard J
Published: April 2019

Disturbances in calcium and vitamin D homeostasis can cause neurological disturbances. Protein‐losing enteropathies (PLEs) are an important cause of hypocalcaemia in dogs and can be associated with epileptic seizures. Hypocalcaemic epileptic seizures secondary to PLE has only been reported in Yorkshire terriers. This case report describes the presentatioon of an eight ‐year ‐old Cocker Spaniel that was referred following an epileptic seizure and diarrhoea. Biochemistry analysis revealed ionised hypocalcaemia, hypoalbuminaemia and severe hypovitaminosis D. Following diagnostic imaging, endoscopy and histological evaluation of intestinal biopsies, the dog was diagnosed with a PLE. Therapy included antibiotics, clopidogrel, hypoallergenic diet and immunosuppressive steroids, which resulted in the resolution of the diarrhoea and improved the hypocalcaemic and hypovitaminosis D abnormalities. Throughout the follow up period no more epileptic seizures were reported. The significance of this case is twofold. Firstly, that hypocalcaemia associated with PLE may cause neurological signs and secondly, that hypovitaminosis D associated with PLE can be improved following standard medical therapy alone.
Better ways to break bad news
Authors: Magrath Christine
Published: April 2019

Telling a client their beloved pet needs to be put to sleep is one of the most challenging and stressful parts of the job. But Christine Magrath says there are ways to make it easier all round.
40th International Asilomar Chromatin, Chromosomes, and Epigenetics Conference
Authors: Gillespie Zoe E. , Barkhshi Tanner , Sosa Ponce Maria Laura , Georgel Philippe T. , Ausió Juan
Published: April 2019

The 40th International Asilomar Chromatin, Chromosomes, and Epigenetics Conference was held in the Asilomar Conference Grounds, Pacific Grove, California, USA, on 6–9 December 2018. The organizing committee consisted of established scientists in the fields of chromatin and epigenetics: Sally Pasion and Michael Goldman from the Biology Department, San Francisco State University, California, USA; Philippe Georgel from the Department of Biological Sciences, Marshal University, West Virginia, USA; Juan Ausió from the Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Victoria, British Columbia, Canada; and Christopher Eskiw from the Department of Biochemistry, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatchewan, Canada. The meeting had two keynote speakers: Jessica Tyler and Jennifer Mitchell, and it covered topics on transcription, replication and repair, epigenetics, cell differentiation and disease, telomeres, and centromeres and it had two sessions devoted to nuclear and genomic organization. It encompassed the enthusiastic presentations of excellent trainees within the breathtaking natural setting of Pacific Grove.
The study of traffic flow model based on cellular automata and Naive Bayes
Authors: Zhang Hong , Wei Juan , Gao Xiaoling , Hu Jun
Published: April 2019

A new traffic flow model is proposed based on cellular automata and Naive Bayes theory to effectively describe the traffic flow velocity and flow state of the road. On the basis of NaSch model, the safety distance is fully considered in this model, and random deceleration and inflow rules of a vehicle are introduced. At the same time, vehicle acceleration, deceleration and lane change are optimized with Naive Bayes theory. Finally, experimental platform is used for numerical analysis, and the relationship between such parameters as average velocity of traffic flow, maximum velocity of traffic flow, number of inflow vehicles and random deceleration probability, etc. is studied in depth. The results show that the maximum velocity has a great effect on the traffic flow state, and when the vehicle inflow probability is lower, random deceleration probability has less effect on the average velocity and the number of vehicles waiting for inflow; on the contrary, the higher the random deceleration probability is, the more obvious the tendency of road congestion.
Defect and Equivalence of Unitary Matrices. The Fourier Case. Part II
Authors: Tadej Wojciech
Published: April 2019

Consider the real space 𝔻U of directions one can move in from a unitary N × N matrix U without disturbing its unitarity and the moduli of its entries in the first order. dimℝ (𝔻U) is called the defect of U and denoted D(U). We give an account of Alexander Karabegov’s theory where 𝔻U is parametrized by the imaginary subspace of the eigenspace, associated with λ = 1, of a certain unitary operator ℐU on 𝕄N, and where D(U) is the multiplicity of 1 in the spectrum of ℐU. This characterisation allows us to establish the dependence of D(U(1) ⊗ … ⊗ U(r)) on D(U(k))’s, to derive formulas expressing D(F) for a Fourier matrix F of the size being a power of a prime number, as well as to show the multiplicativity of D(F) with respect to Kronecker factors of F if their sizes are pairwise relatively prime. Also partly due to the role of symmetries of U in the determination of the eigenspaces of ℐU we study the ‘permute and enphase’ symmetries and equivalence of Fourier matrices, associated with arbitrary finite abelian groups. This work is published as two papers — the first part [1] and the current second one.
Sonication-Assisted Synthesis of Molybdenum Disulfide Aerogel for the Electrode Materials of Supercapacitors
Authors: Zhang Qiang , He Wenyuan , Wang Yinmin , Pei Dazhao , Zheng Xuejun
Published: April 2019

The sonication processing was added in front of the freeze-drying as an intermediate processing before the molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) aerogel was synthesized. It is distinguishing with the traditional hydrothermal reaction to combine the sonication processing and freeze-drying in our method. The structure, morphology, specific surface area and pore size distribution were characterized, and the electrochemical performances were measured in 0.5[Formula: see text]M Na2SO4 electrolyte for the MoS2 aerogel and flower-like MoS2. As for comparison, they are of porous structure and microsphere structure, and their specific surface areas are 55.14[Formula: see text]m2[Formula: see text]g[Formula: see text] and 38.12[Formula: see text]m2[Formula: see text]g[Formula: see text]. The specific capacitances are 166.7[Formula: see text]F[Formula: see text]g[Formula: see text] and 119.2[Formula: see text]F[Formula: see text]g[Formula: see text] at the scan rate of 5[Formula: see text]mV[Formula: see text]s[Formula: see text], and the capacity retentions are 87.7% and 81.6% after 3000 charge/discharge cycles. For the enhanced mechanism, the high specific surface of the MoS2 aerogel causes high specific capacitance, and the unique porous structure could buffer volume expansion to improve retention ability during charge/discharge processes. The MoS2 aerogel may thus be a promising electrode material for supercapacitors.
Case study: A simple optical inverse problem from a geometrical optics point of view
Authors: Yan Anshi , Liu Yangjie , Wang Wenfeng
Published: April 2019

In this paper, we revisit the simple problem of reflection from a dielectric sphere for light rays and define a form of optical inverse problem in the sense of geometrical optics (GO). A general analytic formula is derived to obtain the refraction index of the sphere for any incidence light to emerge in a deflected angle. Numerical wave simulation and ray tracing are performed to verify the inverse formulae derived.
Exploring Contrarian Degree in the Trading Behavior of China′s Stock Market
Authors: Chen Yue , Niu Xiaojian , Zhang Yan
Published: April 2019

We study the contrarian and trend‐following trading behavior of market timers in China′s stock market. Using a network model to describe interpersonal relationships, we deploy the Ising model to capture trading strategies for both contrarians and followers. With empirical data of China′s stock market, we find that contrarians account for 12‐14% of trading volume. We further compare the performance of contrarians and followers and demonstrate the inefficiency of China′s stock market where timing arbitrage exists. We highlight the fact that while the actual return sequence is driven by followers, the contrarians seize a lot of profitable arbitrage opportunities.
Inductive Method for Evaluating RFID Security Protocols
Authors: Liu Defu , Yang Guowu , Huang Yong , Wu Jinzhao
Published: April 2019

Authentication protocol verification is a difficult problem. The problem of “state space explosion” has always been inevitable in the field of verification. Using inductive characteristics, we combine mathematical induction and model detection technology to solve the problem of “state space explosion” in verifying the OSK protocol and VOSK protocol of RFID system. In this paper, the security and privacy of protocols in RFID systems are studied and analysed to verify the effectiveness of the combination of mathematical induction and model detection. We design a (r,s,t)-security experiment on the basis of privacy experiments in the RFID system according to the IND-CPA security standard in cryptography, using mathematical induction to validate the OSK protocol and VOSK protocol. Finally, the following conclusions are presented. The OSK protocol cannot resist denial of service attacks or replay attacks. The VOSK protocol cannot resist denial of service attacks but can resist replay attacks. When there is no limit on communication, the OSK protocol and VOSK protocol possess (r,s,t)-privacy; that is to say they can resist denial of service attacks.
Comparison of Polyethylene Glycol versus Lactulose Oral Solution for Bowel Preparation prior to Colonoscopy
Authors: Li Chun-Xia , Guo Yan , Zhu Yang-Jie , Zhu Jian-Ru , Xiao Qian-Song , Chen Dong-Feng , Lan Chun-Hui
Published: April 2019

Objective. This study was conducted to compare a lactulose oral solution with a polyethylene glycol (PEG) formulation for colonoscopy preparation using the following metrics: quality of cleansing, colonoscopy outcomes, patient/physician satisfaction, and patient tolerability. Methods. The enrolled patients were randomly divided into two groups and received a single 2 L dose of either PEG (PEG group) or lactulose (Lac group). The Boston Bowel Preparation Scale (BBPS) was used for assessing the cleansing quality of the bowel preparations. Patient tolerability and adverse events were obtained through the completion of questionnaires. Results. The lactulose oral solution showed superior bowel cleansing compared to PEG, as evidenced by higher BBPS scores in the Lac group for all segments of the colon (P<0.05). The detection rates of polyps and intestinal lesions in the Lac group (30.68% and 36.36%, respectively) were significantly higher than those in the PEG group (12.50% vs. 13.63%, respectively). For the degree of satisfaction, the Lac group had significantly higher scores compared to the PEG group, as evaluated by both the patients and endoscopist. PEG was associated with an increased incidence of nausea. There were no statistical differences between the groups in terms of vomiting, abdominal pain or fullness, dizziness, unfavorable palatability, dry mouth, palpitation, tinnitus, and tongue numbness. Conclusion. A single 2 L dose of a lactulose oral solution had higher efficacy, improved tolerability, and acceptable safety for bowel preparation when compared to the same volume of PEG. Thus, a lactulose oral solution may be a potential bowel-cleansing option for colonoscopy preparation.
Retinal Sensitivity before and after Silicone Oil Removal Using Microperimetry
Authors: Nassar Ghada A. , Youssef Maha M. , Hassan Lameece M. , Makled Hebatalla S.
Published: April 2019

The purpose of the study is to assess the retinal sensitivity, using microperimetry, before and after silicone removal. It included 22 patients admitted for silicone removal after vitrectomy for macula-off retinal detachment. Patients were divided into 2 groups according to the duration of silicone tamponade: Group A: <3 months (included 10 patients), and Group B: 3–6 months (included 12 patients). Retinal sensitivity was tested, using microperimetry, one day before and one month after silicone removal. The best-corrected visual acuity (in LogMAR) significantly improved postoperatively (0.69 versus 1.06 and 0.69 versus 1.07 in Groups A and B, respectively). The mean intraocular pressure (IOP) was 12.89 ± 1.05 mmHg postoperatively versus 14.89 ± 1.76 mmHg preoperatively in Group A (p=0.011) and was 13.33 ± 1.30 mmHg postoperatively versus 15.33 ± 3.11 mmHg preoperatively in Group B (p=0.008). In Group A, the mean postoperative overall retinal sensitivity was 8.70 ± 2.56 dB versus 5.68 ± 2.00 dB preoperatively (p=0.008). In Group B, it was 9.83 ± 3.36 dB versus 7.00 ± 2.55 dB (p=0.002). No statistically significant difference was found between the two groups as regards improvement in overall retinal sensitivity. We concluded that the overall retinal sensitivity significantly increased following silicone removal in both groups. This trial is registered with ISRCTN43187564.
Zero-Forcing Precoding in the Measured Massive MIMO Downlink: How Many Antennas Are Needed?
Authors: Zheng Zhe , Zhang Jianhua , Wu Xiaoyong , Liu Danpu , Tian Lei
Published: April 2019

In order to understand how many antennas are needed in a multiuser massive MIMO system, theoretical derivation and channel measurements are conducted; the effect of a finite number of base station (BS) antennas on the performance capability of Zero-forcing (ZF) precoding in a rich scattering channel is quantified. Through the theoretical analysis, the needed number of the transmit antennas for ZF precoder to achieve a certain percentage of the broadcast channel (BC) capacity will monotonically decrease with the increase of the transmit signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), and the lower bound of the needed transmit antennas is derived with a simple expression. Then the theoretical derivation is verified by simulation results, and the transmission performance is evaluated by channel measurements in urban microcell (UMi) scenario with frequencies of 3.5 and 6 GHz. From the measurement results, the ZF capability can be enhanced by improving the SNR and enlarging the antenna array spacing when the massive MIMO channel does not under a favorable propagation condition. Furthermore, because of the lower spatial correlation, the performance of ZF precoding at 6 GHz is closer to the theoretical derivation than 3.5 GHz.
Multilayer Full Polarization Conversion Transpolarizing Structures
Authors: Khosronejad Misagh , Gentili Gian Guido , Macchiarella Giuseppe
Published: April 2019

In this paper, we propose the design of two perfect multilayered linear transpolarization structures working in transmission. These linear polarization converters are capable to rotate the polarization 90° independently from the direction of the input linear polarization. Results show an excellent conversion ratio.
Simultaneous Oculomotor and Facial Nerve Palsies in a Patient with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus and Sjögren’s Syndrome
Authors: Shima Natsuki , Murosaki Takamasa , Yamamoto Shotaro , Miyanaga Akiko , Kusaka Hiroi , Nagatani Katsuya , Nagashima Takao , Sawada Mikio , Iwamoto Masahiro , Minota Seiji
Published: April 2019

A 70-year-old man with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) presented with simultaneous right oculomotor nerve palsy and right facial nerve palsy. Brain magnetic resonance imaging and cerebrospinal fluid analysis revealed no abnormality. Coexistent Sjögren’s syndrome was diagnosed on the basis of anti-SS-A antibody positivity, salivary gland scintigraphy, and histological findings on minor salivary gland biopsy. As there was no obvious cause of multiple cranial neuropathies, we supposed that the palsies were induced by either of the underlying diseases. The patient was treated with a high-dose of prednisolone and intravenous cyclophosphamide, and both palsies recovered almost completely within two weeks.
Arsenic Trioxide Suppresses Tumor Growth through Antiangiogenesis via Notch Signaling Blockade in Small-Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Yang Meng-Hang , Chang Ke-Jie , Li Bing , Chen Wan-Sheng
Published: April 2019

Small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) is a highly malignant type of lung cancer with no effective second-line chemotherapy drugs. Arsenic trioxide (As2O3) was reported to exert antiangiogenesis activities against lung cancer and induce poor development of vessel structures, similar to the effect observed following the blockade of Notch signaling. However, there are no direct evidences on the inhibitory effects of As2O3on tumor growth and angiogenesis via blockade of Notch signaling in SCLC. Here, we found that As2O3significantly inhibited the tumor growth and angiogenesis in SCLC and reduced the microvessel density. As2O3disturbed the morphological development of tumor vessels and downregulated the protein levels of delta-like canonical Notch ligand 4 (Dll4), Notch1, and Hes1in vivo. DAPT, a Notch signaling inhibitor, exerted similar effects in SCLC. We found that both As2O3treatment andNotch1expression knockdown resulted in the interruption of tube formation by human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) on Matrigel. As2O3had no effects on Dll4 level in HUVECs but significantly inhibited the expression ofNotch1and its downstream geneHes1regardless of Dll4 overexpression or Notch1 knockdown. These findings suggest that the antitumor activity of As2O3in SCLC was mediated via its antiangiogenic effect through the blockade of Notch signaling, probably owing to Notch1 targeting.
Robocasting of Bioactive SiO2-P2O5-CaO-MgO-Na2O-K2O Glass Scaffolds
Authors: Baino Francesco , Barberi Jacopo , Fiume Elisa , Orlygsson Gissur , Massera Jonathan , Verné Enrica
Published: April 2019

Bioactive silicate glass scaffolds were fabricated by a robocasting process in which all the movements of the printing head were programmed by compiling a script (text file). A printable ink made of glass powder and Pluronic F-127, acting as a binder, was extruded to obtain macroporous scaffolds with a grid-like three-dimensional structure. The scaffold architecture was investigated by scanning electron microscopy and microtomographic analysis, which allowed quantifying the microstructural parameters (pore size 150–180 μm and strut diameter 300 μm). In vitro tests in simulated body fluid (SBF) confirmed the apatite-forming ability (i.e., bioactivity) of the scaffolds. The compressive strength (around 10 MPa for as-produced scaffolds) progressively decreased during immersion in SBF (3.3 MPa after 4 weeks) but remains acceptable for bone repair applications. Taken together, these results (adequate porosity and mechanical strength as well as bioactivity) support the potential suitability of the prepared scaffolds for bone substitution.
The Effect of Calcium Formate, Sodium Sulfate, and Cement Clinker on Engineering Properties of Fly Ash-Based Cemented Tailings Backfill
Authors: Xu Wenbin , Li Qianlong , Haruna Sada
Published: April 2019

The influence of admixtures on the engineering properties of fly ash-based cemented tailings backfill (CTB) is a topic of significant practical interest, as it affects the backfilling cost and the environmental effect of mining operation. This paper presents results of an experimental study on the influence of different activators on the engineering properties of the CTB containing fly ash. CTB samples are mixed with different contents of calcium formate, sodium sulfate, and cement clinker (4%, 8%, and 12% by mass of total binder) and cured in a cubic chamber (at 20°C and RH 90 ± 5%) for 3, 7, and 28 days. Specimen tests were performed to assess the slump height, setting time, leaching water rate, vertical settlement, and strength development. Furthermore, the XRD analyses were conducted on the hydration products of fly ash-based CTB mixtures. The results show that activators can cause decrease in the slump height, leaching water rate, and vertical settlement of fly ash-based CTB mixtures. However, inclusion of cement clinker ranging from 8%–12% of total binder can reduce the slump height, setting time, leaching water rate, and vertical settlement to an acceptable range. Addition of calcium formate in the fly ash-based CTB caused negligible change in compressive strength. The compressive strength improved with higher content of sodium sulfate and cement clinker at the age of 28 days. XRD analyses showed considerable intensity counts of C-S-H gel, calcium hydroxide, and ettringite, resulting from the addition of sodium sulfate and cement clinker. This study also shows that an understanding of the effect of activators on the engineering properties of fly ash-based CTB is crucial for designing a cost-effective and workable CTB with reduced environmental impact.
MicroRNA-29b Enhances Osteoclast Survival by Targeting BCL-2-Modifying Factor after Lipopolysaccharide Stimulation
Authors: Sul Ok-Joo , Rajasekaran Monisha , Park Hyun-Jung , Suh Jae-Hee , Choi Hye-Seon
Published: April 2019

Recent findings suggest that microRNAs (miRs) play a critical role in osteoclastogenesis, which regulates bone loss. We hypothesized that inflammation induces miR-29b, which increases the survival rate in osteoclasts (OCs), leading to bone loss. The expression level of miR-29b increased in OC stimulated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in an in vitro system which correlated with its increase in tibiae from mice that received LPS injections compared with those that received vehicle treatment. An miR-29b mimic increased OC survival rate without any change in OC differentiation, and furthermore, the inhibition of endogenous miR-29b induced by LPS decreased OC survival rate. Increased OC survival rate after overexpression of miR-29b was associated with antiapoptotic activity, as shown by staining annexin V-positive cells. We found that a target gene of miR-29b is BCL-2-modifying factor (Bmf), which acts as a proapoptotic factor, and that miR-29b binds to the 3′-UTR ofBmf. Our data demonstrate that LPS-induced miR-29b increases the number of OC by enhancing OC survival through decreased BMF.
Traverse Vibration of Axially Moving Laminated SMA Beam considering Random Perturbation
Authors: Ying Hao , Minglei Gao
Published: April 2019

The nonlinear random vibration of axially moving shape memory alloy (SMA) laminated beam under transverse loads is investigated. Considering the effects of axial movement and random perturbation, the dynamic equation of the SMA laminated beam is established by means of physical equation, force balance conditions, deformation compatibility equation, and the constitutive relation by polynomial function. The transverse vibration differential equation of axially moving SMA laminated beam with two simply‐supported edges is obtained through the Galerkin method. The amplitude‐frequency response equation under primary resonance and the probability density function under random perturbation are derived by using the averaging method and stochastic averaging method, respectively, and the theoretical results are numerically validated. In addition, under the combination of the harmonic excitation and random perturbation, the effects of axial movement velocity and random perturbation intensity on system steady‐state response are analyzed.
Nonrecursive Equivalent of the Conjugate Gradient Method without the Need to Restart
Authors: Dvornik Josip , Lazarevic Damir , Jaguljnjak Lazarevic Antonia , Demsic Marija
Published: April 2019

A simple alternative to the conjugate gradient (CG) method is presented; this method is developed as a special case of the more general iterated Ritz method (IRM) for solving a system of linear equations. This novel algorithm is not based on conjugacy; i.e., it is not necessary to maintain overall orthogonalities between various vectors from distant steps. This method is more stable than CG, and restarting techniques are not required. As in CG, only one matrix‐vector multiplication is required per step with appropriate transformations. The algorithm is easily explained by energy considerations without appealing to the A‐orthogonality in n‐dimensional space. Finally, relaxation factor and preconditioning‐like techniques can be adopted easily.
Wingless-Type MMTV Integration Site Family Member 5a Is a Key Secreted Islet Stellate Cell-Derived Product that Regulates Islet Function
Authors: Xu Wei , Liang Jun , Geng H. F. , Lu Jun , Li Rui , Wang X. L. , Lv Qian , Liu Ying , Wang Jie , Liu X. K. , Jones Peter M. , Sun Zl
Published: April 2019

Background. Emerging evidence suggests that T2DM is attributable to the dysfunction ofβ-cells and the activation of islet stellate cells (ISCs). The wingless-type MMTV integration site family member 5a (Wnt5a)/frizzled 5 (Fzd5) signalling pathway might take part in this process. Our study is aimed at defining the status of ISCs duringβ-cell insulin secretion homeostasis by determining the role of the Wnt5a protein in the regulation of insulin production. We examined the effects of the status of ISCs onβ-cell insulin secretion in normoglycemic db/m and hyperglycaemic db/db mice.Methods. iTRAQ protein screening and RNA interference were used to determine novel ISC-derived secretory products that may use other mechanisms to influence the function of islets.Results. We showed a significant reduction in insulin secretion byβ-cells in vitro when they were cocultured with db/db ISCs compared to when they were cocultured with ISCs isolated from normoglycemic db/m mice; in addition, both Wnt5a and its receptor Fzd5 were more highly expressed by quiescent ISCs than by activated db/db ISCs. Treatment with exogenous Wnt5a increased the secretion of insulin in association with the deactivation of ISCs.Conclusion. Our observations revealed that the Wnt5a protein is a key effector of ISC-mediated improvement in islet function.
An Unusual Case of Mandibular Squamous Cell Carcinoma in Intimacy with an Impacted Wisdom Tooth
Authors: Cheung Johnson , Al Afif Ayham , Bullock Martin Joseph , Robertson Chad , Hart Robert , Goodday Reginald
Published: April 2019

Squamous cell carcinoma is the most common head and neck malignancy. It can occur in the mandible or maxilla without a preexisting oral mucosal lesion. Often, the clinical and radiographic presentation of SCC directs the clinician to favour malignancy over other pathological conditions. However, SCC may also mimic an infectious condition and therefore can pose a diagnostic challenge even for the most experienced clinicians. Herein, we report a case of mandibular squamous cell carcinoma in a 53-year-old male who presented with symptoms of right facial swelling, trismus, pain, and right-sided lip paresthesia. The patient underwent a surgical removal of the presumed infected third molar of the right mandible, but histopathological analysis of the associated soft tissue unexpectedly yielded squamous cell carcinoma. Given the biopsy-proven diagnosis, the patient received a mandibular resection of the tumor followed by primary reconstruction with a fibular free flap. Patients presenting with symptoms mimicking odontogenic infections should receive vigilant attention by clinicians with regard to the disease history, clinical signs, radiographic evidence, and decision for histopathological analysis. This is especially true in the context of impacted dentition, where malignancy must be considered when formulating a differential diagnosis.
Melatonin Affects Mitochondrial Fission/Fusion Dynamics in the Diabetic Retina
Authors: Chang Janet Ya-An , Yu Fei , Shi Liheng , Ko Michael L. , Ko Gladys Y.-P.
Published: April 2019

Mitochondrial fission and fusion are dependent on cellular nutritional states, and maintaining this dynamics is critical for the health of cells. Starvation triggers mitochondrial fusion to maintain bioenergetic efficiency, but during nutrient overloads (as with hyperglycemic conditions), fragmenting mitochondria is a way to store nutrients to avoid waste of energy. In addition to ATP production, mitochondria play an important role in buffering intracellular calcium (Ca2+). We found that in cultured 661W cells, a photoreceptor-derived cell line, hyperglycemic conditions triggered an increase of the expression of dynamin-related protein 1 (DRP1), a protein marker of mitochondrial fission, and a decrease of mitofusin 2 (MFN2), a protein for mitochondrial fusion. Further, these hyperglycemic cells also had decreased mitochondrial Ca2+ but increased cytosolic Ca2+. Treating these hyperglycemic cells with melatonin, a multifaceted antioxidant, averted hyperglycemia-altered mitochondrial fission-and-fusion dynamics and mitochondrial Ca2+ levels. To mimic how people most commonly take melatonin supplements, we gave melatonin to streptozotocin- (STZ-) induced type 1 diabetic mice by daily oral gavage and determined the effects of melatonin on diabetic eyes. We found that melatonin was not able to reverse the STZ-induced systemic hyperglycemic condition, but it prevented STZ-induced damage to the neural retina and retinal microvasculature. The beneficial effects of melatonin in the neural retina in part were through alleviating STZ-caused changes in mitochondrial dynamics and Ca2+ buffering.