bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mesenchymal non-meningothelial tumors of the central nervous system: a literature review and diagnostic update of novelties and emerging entities
Authors: Tauziède-Espariat Arnault , Hasty Lauren , Métais Alice , Varlet Pascale
Published: February 2023

The fifth edition of the World Health Organization Classification of Tumors of the Central Nervous System (CNS) now includes mesenchymal tumors that occur uniquely or frequently in the CNS. Moreover, this version has aligned the terminology of mesenchymal tumors with their soft tissue counterparts. New tumor types have been added, such as the “intracranial mesenchymal tumor, FET-CREB fusion-positive”, the “CIC-rearranged sarcoma”, and the “Primary intracranial sarcoma,DICER1-mutant”. Other entities (such as rhabdomyosarcoma) have remained in the current WHO classification because these tumor types may present specificities in the CNS as compared to their soft tissue counterparts. Based on an extensive literature review, herein, we will discuss these newly recognized entities in terms of clinical observation, radiology, histopathology, genetics and outcome, and consider strategies for an accurate diagnosis. In light of this literature analysis, we will also introduce some potentially novel tumor types.
Autoencoder-kNN meta-model based data characterization approach for an automated selection of AI algorithms
Authors: Garouani Moncef , Ahmad Adeel , Bouneffa Mourad , Hamlich Mohamed
Published: February 2023

The recent evolution of machine learning (ML) algorithms and the high level of expertise required to use them have fuelled the demand for non-experts solutions. The selection of an appropriate algorithm and the configuration of its hyperparameters is among the most complicated tasks while applying ML to new problems. It necessitates well awareness and knowledge of ML algorithms. The algorithm selection problem (ASP) is defined as the process of identifying the algorithm (s) that can deliver top performance for a particular problem, task, and evaluation measure. In this context, meta-learning is one of the approaches to achieve this objective by using prior learning experiences to assist the learning process on unseen problems and tasks. As a data-driven approach, appropriate data characterization is of vital importance for the meta-learning. Nonetheless, the recent literature witness a variety of data characterization techniques including simple, statistical and information theory based measures. However, their quality still needs to be improved. In this paper, a new Autoencoder-kNN (AeKNN) based meta-model with built-in latent features extraction is proposed. The approach is aimed to extract new characterizations of the data, with lower dimensionality but more significant and meaningful features. AeKNN internally uses a deep autoencoder as a latent features extractor from a set of existing meta-features induced from the dataset. From this new features vectors the computed distances are more significant, thus providing a way to accurately recommending top-performing pipelines for previously unseen datasets. In an application on a large-scale hyperparameters optimization task for 400 real world datasets with varying schemas as a meta-learning task, we show that AeKNN offers considerable improvements of the classical kNN as well as traditional meta-models in terms of performance.
Spider-capture-silk mimicking fibers with high-performance fog collection derived from superhydrophilicity and volume-swelling of gelatin knots
Authors: Jiang Yuanzhang , Venkatesan Harun , Shi Shuo , Wang Cong , Cui Miao , Zhang Qiang , Tan Lin , Hu Jinlian
Published: February 2023

Spider-capture-silk (SCS) can directionally capture and transport water from humid air relying on the unique geometrical structure. Although there have been adequate reports on the fabrication of artificial SCSs from petroleum-based materials, it remains a big challenge to innovate bio-based SCS mimicking fibers with high-performance fog collection ability and efficiency simultaneously. Herein, we report an eco-friendly and economical fiber system for water collection by coating gelatin on degummed silk. Compared to the previously reported fibers with the best fog collection ability (~ 13.10 μL), Gelatin on silk fiber 10 (GSF10) can collect larger water droplet (~ 16.70 μL in 330 s) with ~ 98% less mass. Meanwhile, the water collection efficiency of GSF10 demonstrates ~ 72% and ~ 48% enhancement to the existing best water collection polymer coated SCS fibers and spidroin eMaSp2 coated degummed silk respectively in terms of volume-to-TCL (vapor–liquid-solid three-phase contact line) index. The simultaneous function of superhydrophilicity, surface energy gradient, and ~ 65% water-induced volume swelling of the gelatin knots are the key factors in advancing the water collection performance. Abundant availability of feedstocks and ~ 75% improved space utilization guarantee the scalability and practical application of such bio-based fiber.

Graphic Abstract
Recent Insights into Noncoding RNAs in Primary Ovarian Insufficiency: Focus on Mechanisms and Treatments
Authors: Zhang Jun-Hui , Chen Jia-Hua , Guo Bao , Fang Yuan , Xu Zu-Ying , Zhan Lei , Cao Yun-Xia
Published: February 2023

Context

Primary ovarian insufficiency (POI) is a heterogeneous disease with an unknown underlying trigger or root cause. Recently many studies evaluated noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs), especially microRNAs (miRNAs), long noncoding RNA (lncRNAs), circular RNAs (circRNAs), and small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) for their associations with POI.

Evidence acquisition

In this review, we outline the biogenesis of various ncRNAs relevant to POI and summarize the evidence for their roles in the regulation of disease occurrence and progression. Articles from 2003 to 2022 were selected for relevance, validity, and quality from results obtained in PubMed and Google Scholar using the following search terms: noncoding RNAs; primary ovarian insufficiency; premature ovarian failure; noncoding RNAs and primary ovarian insufficiency/premature ovarian failure; miRNAs and primary ovarian insufficiency/premature ovarian failure; lncRNAs and primary ovarian insufficiency/premature ovarian failure; siRNAs and primary ovarian insufficiency/premature ovarian failure; circRNAs and primary ovarian insufficiency/premature ovarian failure; pathophysiology; and potential treatment. All articles were independently screened for eligibility by the authors.

Evidence synthesis

This review summarizes the biological functions and synthesis of miRNAs, lncRNAs, siRNAs, and circRNAs in POI and discusses the findings of clinical and in vitro and in vivo studies. Although there is variability in the findings of individual studies, overall the available literature justifies the conclusion that dysregulated ncRNAs play significant roles in POI.

Conclusion

The potential of ncRNAs in the treatment of POI requires further investigation, as ncRNAs derived from mesenchymal stem cell–secreted exosomes play pivotal roles and have considerable therapeutic potential in a multitude of diseases.
Case Report of Cryo Nerve Block in a Patient Undergoing Full Sternotomy: A Novel Approach to Pain Control in Cardiac Surgery
Authors: Caparrelli David J.
Published: February 2023

We present the case of a 65-year-old man undergoing open-heart surgery through a full sternotomy with the use of bilateral intercostal cryo nerve block (cryoNB) as adjunctive therapy for postoperative analgesia. CryoNB has been previously demonstrated as safe and effective for pain control in thoracotomy procedures as well as bilaterally in adolescent patients with pectus excavatum undergoing Nuss procedure. Herein, we describe for the first time, the cryoNB procedure for postoperative pain management in a patient undergoing full sternotomy.
Posterior Fossa Midline Epidermoid Tumors: Role of the Inferior Medullary Velum and a Proposed New Imaging Classification
Authors: Kumar Ashutosh , Sardhara Jayesh , Verma Pawan Kumar , Bhaisora Kamlesh Singh , Srivastav Arun Kumar , Jaiswal Awadhesh , Behari Sanjay , Kumar Raj
Published: February 2023

BACKGROUND:

Posterior fossa midline epidermoid tumors (PFMETs) include the epidermoid tumors of the cisterna magna (CM) and fourth ventricle (FV).

OBJECTIVE:

To report tumor epicenter-based classification of PFMETs and its clinical and surgical implications with outcome.

METHODS:

On retrospective analysis of operated cases of intracranial epidermoid tumors, 19 (N = 19) patients having tumor epicenter within FV, CM, or both were included. Cerebellopontine and prepontine cistern epidermoid were excluded. Tumor location was decided based on preoperative MRI and intraoperative findings. Major complication was defined as new onset or worsening of cranial nerve (CN) deficit, sensory motor impairment, or tracheostomy.

RESULTS:

The mean (±SD) age of the patients was 42.0 ± 11.6 years (range 25-61 years), with no sex predilection (male:female: 1:0.9). The most common symptoms were cerebellar dysfunction, headache, vomiting, and diplopia. Common CNs affected were VII, V, lower cranial nerve, and VI. The PFMETs were classified based on tumor epicenter as type 1 (tumor epicenter in CM, n = 4/21.1%), type 2 (FV, n = 5/26.3%), and type 3 (involved CM and FV, n = 10/52.6%). Type 2 tumors had a higher incidence of raised intracranial pressure and only facial nerve palsy as preoperative CN deficit. Type 1 tumors had the least incidence of postoperative major complications. Type 3 tumors were the largest and had a greater incidence of brainstem adhesion and postoperative complications. The tumor size, duration of symptoms, and patient age were higher in patients with brainstem adhesion (5.3 ± 1.0 cm, 21 ± 16 months, 44.1 ± 9.2 years) as against its absence (4.8 ± 1.3 cm, 11.2 ± 7.3 months, 38.2 ± 11.7 years). Inferior medullary velum and tela choroidea have a critical role in tumorogenesis, tumor extension, and brainstem adhesion.

CONCLUSION:

PFMETs can be classified into 3 subtypes based on tumor epicenter having clinical and surgical implications. Less aggressive dissection and near total excision in the presence of brainstem adhesion yield favorable outcomes.
Integrative Genomics Analysis Implicates Decreased FGD6 Expression Underlying Risk of Intracranial Aneurysm Rupture
Authors: Hale Andrew T. , He Jing , Jones Jesse
Published: February 2023

BACKGROUND:

The genetic determinants and mechanisms underlying intracranial aneurysm rupture (rIA) are largely unknown. Given the ∼50% mortality rate of rIA, approaches to identify patients at high risk will inform screening, diagnostic, and preventative measures.

OBJECTIVE:

To identify and characterize the genetic basis of rIA.

METHODS:

We perform a genome-wide association study (GWAS) using functional genomics approaches to identify and characterize rIA-associated loci and genes. We perform a meta-analysis across 24 published GWAS of rIA. Single nucleotide polymorphisms, gene-burden analysis, and functional genomics identify and characterize genetic risk factors for rIA.

RESULTS:

Our cohort contains 84 353 individuals (7843 rIA cases and 76 510 controls). We identify 5 independent genetic loci reaching genome-wide significance (P < 5.0 × 10−8) for rIA including rs12310399 (FGD6, odds ratio = 1.16), which has been implicated in prior GWAS of IA. We then quantified gene-level mutation burden across ∼20 000 genes, and only FGD6 (containing 21 rIA-associated single nucleotide polymorphisms) reached transcriptome-wide significance. Expression quantitative trait loci mapping indicates that rs12310399 causes decreased FGD6 gene expression in arterial tissue. Next, we used publicly available single-cell RNA sequencing of normal human cerebrovascular cells obtained during resection surgery and identify high expression of FGD6 in 1 of 3 arterial lineages but absent in perivascular cells. These data suggest how alterations in FGD6 may confer risk to rIA.

CONCLUSION:

We identify and characterize a known risk loci for IA, but not for rIA, containing FGD6. Elucidation of high-risk genetic loci may instruct population-genetic screening and clinical-genetic testing strategies to identify patients predisposed to rIA.
The genome sequence of a soldier beetle, Podabrus alpinus (Paykull, 1798)
Authors: Crowley Liam M. ,   University of Oxford and Wytham Woods Genome Acquisition Lab,   Darwin Tree of Life Barcoding collective,   Wellcome Sanger Institute Tree of Life programme,   Wellcome Sanger Institute Scientific Operations: DNA Pipelines collective,   Tree of Life Core Informatics collective, Chua Physilia , Kusy Dominik ,   Darwin Tree of Life Consortium
Published: February 2023

We present a genome assembly from an individual female Podabrus alpinus (soldier beetle; Arthropoda; Insecta; Coleoptera; Cantharidae). The genome sequence is 777 megabases in span. Most of the assembly is scaffolded into seven chromosomal pseudomolecules, including the assembled X sex chromosome. The mitochondrial genome has also been assembled and is 18.8 kilobases in length. Gene annotation of this assembly on Ensembl identified 30,955 protein coding genes.
Gluten-free diet - opportunities and limitations
Authors: Sierpień Małgorzata , Górska Dominika , Karwanska Aleksandra , Majcher Magdalena , Pikulicka Agata , Brzychczy Piotr , Kulbat Aleksandra , Majcher Monika , Kulbat Mateusz , Świercz Kamila
Published: February 2023

Objective 

The aim of the study was to indicate the difficulties associated with gluten-free diet and the point of its use by people without medical indications. Another important aspect of the article was to analyze the impact of this diet on the course of chronic diseases. 

Methods 

For the purposes of writing this article, the available literature was reviewed. Using keywords such as gluten, gluten-free, or diet, the database of medical publications - PubMed was searched. 

Results: The popularity of the gluten-free diet is growing. The reason for this is increased interest in health lifestyle and nutrition as well as the influence of the mass media. Because of that, the number of people on a gluten-free diet without medical indications is increasing. Following a gluten-free diet is associated with many difficulties. Gluten-free products are much more expensive and less available than their gluten-containing counterparts. It is associated with many obstacles in everyday life. An important aspect is also the imbalance of supplied nutrients and the risk of macro and micronutrient deficiencies, such as magnesium, zinc or selenium, as a result of the gluten-free diet. With the increasing popularity of the gluten-free diet, there are more and more studies on the potential benefits of its use in chronic diseases. 

Conclusion: A gluten-free diet remains the only therapeutic option in the course of diseases such as celiac disease, non-celiac gluten sensitivity or wheat allergy. Due to the insufficient amount of data, its use is not recommended in the course of other chronic diseases and in the population of people without medical indications.
Quality of life of patients with venous leg ulcers treated by a one-stop clinic
Authors: Rook Bram , Koedijk Jaap , Kroft Ilse EBM , de Jong Elke EMGJ
Published: February 2023

Objective:

Venous leg ulcers (VLU's) can impair patient quality of life (QoL) and have a significant impact on healthcare costs. Symptoms include pain and pruritis but can also lead to low self-esteem and sleep deprivation, which are often underestimated by physicians.

Method:

We introduced a system in which patients with a VLU were examined and treated via a one-stop clinic. In this exploratory study, we evaluated the experiences of patients in this new setting using the Skindex-29 and conducting semi-structured interviews.

Results:

A total of seven patients completed the questionnaires and interviews. The study found that younger patients had an impaired QoL due to symptoms disrupting activities of daily living. The cooperation between healthcare workers, the consistent execution of the treatment plan by different care providers and the close contact between staff and patients were appreciated by patients. Patients were positive about the continuous care provided by homecare workers at the patient's home, and experienced higher levels of attention to their illness.

Conclusion:

The introduction of a one-stop clinic led to better insight and awareness among staff of patients' symptoms and complaints. More focus and time should be given to patient-oriented symptoms, which was highly appreciated by patients in this study. This could eventually lead to a reduction in the impairing effects of VLUs on patients' lives and healthcare costs due to fewer visits to the hospital.
Evaluation of a five-layer hydrocellular polyurethane foam dressing across wound care settings in southern Europe
Authors: Scalise Alessandro , Arizmendi Mónica , Vicente Helena , Mateus Fátima , Woodmansey Emma , Styche Tim
Published: February 2023

Objective:

The burden of chronic wounds did not disappear during the Covid-19 pandemic, so new ways to address healthcare practitioner (HCP) education had to evolve. The Teach, Try, and Talk (T3) programme was conceived in 2021 with HCPs in southern Europe (Italy, Spain and Portugal).

Method:

Virtual education sessions with experienced HCP guest speakers were held and a five-layer hydrocellular polyurethane foam dressing (HPFD) was introduced as a way of reducing dressing change frequencies and improving clinician satisfaction. HCPs recorded their experience of the HPFD using an online form and participated in a further virtual session with experienced HCPs to discuss the results.

Results:

There were a total of 190 responses. A significant dressing change reduction from 3.6 changes per week to 1.8 with the HPFD (p<0.001) was observed in Italy, Spain and Portugal and within different care settings (hospital, wound clinic/health centre and the patient's home). Nearly one-third of participants stated one more day of dressing wear time was achieved by the ability of the HPFD to lock in and manage exudate, with nearly a quarter of responses stating it was due to fewer than three dressing lobes being full. The majority (97.8%) of HCPs stated they would recommend the HPFD to colleagues and patients.

Conclusion:

The T3 programme is a highly successful method of training delivery and practice improvement across a variety of healthcare settings in southern Europe, helping support HCP engagement and ongoing development in challenging times during the Covid-19 pandemic. The programme can be adapted considering the needs of different HCPs and payor and/or healthcare systems.
Staples versus sutures wound closure in hip and knee arthroplasty: a prospective cohort study
Authors: Al-Ajlouni Jihad M , Alisi Mohammed S , Hammad Yazan S , Alsousi Ahmed A , Karameh Haya O , Kawasmi Sanad H , Aladwan Rwand H , Awawdeh Reem A , Almazaraa Yahya A , Hassan Freih O Abu
Published: February 2023

Objective:

This study aimed to compare two methods of wound skin closure—staples versus vertical mattress nylon sutures—in patients undergoing primary total hip (THR) and total knee replacements (TKR). The comparison was for wound complications as a primary outcome, and satisfaction of patient and nurse as secondary outcomes.

Method:

A prospective cohort study was conducted at an academic teaching hospital. All the patients who were admitted for either primary THR or TKR from September 2018 to September 2019 were included. Revision surgeries, patients >85 years of age, and those who were on steroid therapy were excluded. Patients were divided into two groups (staples and sutures) to compare the two methods of wound closure. Patients in each group were assessed for characteristics such as age, sex, weight, height, comorbidities, smoking status, postoperative wound complications, reoperation and patient/nurse satisfaction.

Results:

A total of 100 patients met the inclusion criteria. In the staples group (n=50), 26 patients underwent THR while 24 patients underwent TKR. In the sutures group (n=50), 23 patients underwent THR and 27 patients underwent TKR. Overall, there was no significant difference between the two groups (staples versus sutures) in terms of wound complications (p=0.401), patient satisfaction (p=0.357) and nurse satisfaction (p=0.513). Further analysis compared THR and TKR subgroups (THR staples versus THR sutures and TKR staples versus TKR sutures). The results showed no significant difference between the staples and sutures subgroups of THR and TKR in terms of wound complications, patient satisfaction and nurse satisfaction.

Conclusion:

In THR and TKR, there was no significant difference between either vertical mattress nylon sutures or staples primary skin closure in terms of wound complications and patient satisfaction in this study. The decision on wound closure method should be based on the availability of resources in the institution/country.
Chronic kidney disease: the canary in the coal mine
Authors: Holmes Patrick
Published: February 2023

Chronic kidney disease is a common condition that is costly to manage. Most of the costs are linked with advanced kidney disease and the associated cardiovascular disease. Fortunately, there are now several treatments that can not only slow the progression of chronic kidney disease but also reduce the burden of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. To do this effectively, patients need to be diagnosed as early as possible, as only then can optimal preventative measures, both lifestyle and pharmaceutical, be deployed. With the scale and complexity of chronic kidney disease, timely access to specialist care is increasingly required. Referral criteria have changed, with more focus on the 5-year risk of developing end-stage renal disease by using the four variable kidney failure risk equation. One of the major limitations to the effective treatment of people living with chronic kidney disease is hyperkalaemia. The appropriate frequency of testing, assessment and management of hyperkalaemia helps not only reduce the risk of dying from the condition, but also from chronic kidney disease and heart failure, as too often sub-optimal treatment with renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system inhibitors impairs optimal care.

Chronic kidney disease is commonly seen in primary care. Patrick Holmes looks at identification and optimal management of the condition
Flu season adds pressure to primary and acute care sectors as service demand soars
Authors: Palmer Sarah Jane
Published: February 2023

Sarah Jane Palmer looks at how flu has impacted on primary care this winter
Highly sensitive gyroscope based on a levitated nanodiamond
Authors: Zhang Huaijin , Yin Zhang-Qi
Published: February 2023

A gyroscope is one of the core components of an inertial navigation system. Both the high sensitivity and miniaturization are important for the applications of the gyroscope. We consider a nitrogen-vacancy (NV) center in a nanodiamond, which is levitated either by an optical tweezer or an ion trap. Based on the Sagnac effect, we propose a scheme to measure the angular velocity with ultra-high sensitivity through the matter-wave interferometry of the nanodiamond. Both the decay of the motion of the center of mass of the nanodiamond and the dephasing of the NV centers are included when we estimate the sensitivity of the proposed gyroscope. We also calculate the visibility of the Ramsey fringes, which can be used for estimating the limitation of gyroscope sensitivity. It is found that the sensitivity

∼
6.86
×

10

−
7

 

r
a
d

/

s

/

H
z

can be achieved in an ion trap. As the working area of the gyroscope is extremely small (∼0.01~μm2), it could be made on-chip in the future.
High-flux wavelength tunable XUV source in the 12–40.8 eV photon energy range with adjustable energy and time resolution for Tr-ARPES applications
Authors: Wang Ji , Chen Famin , Pan Mojun , Xu Siyuan , Lv Renchong , Liu Junde , Li Yuanfeng , Fang Shaobo , Chen Yunlin , Zhu Jiangfeng , Zhang Dacheng , Qian Tian , Yun Chenxia , Zhao Kun , Ding Hong , Wei Zhiyi
Published: February 2023

High-order harmonic generation (HHG) has a broad spectrum covering vacuum ultraviolet to extreme ultraviolet (XUV) bands, which is useful for applications involving material analyses at different information depths. Such an HHG light source is perfect for time- and angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy. Here, we demonstrate a high-photon flux HHG source driven by a two-color field. Applying a fused silica compression stage to reduce the driving pulse width, we obtained a high XUV photon flux of 2 × 1012 phs/s @21.6 eV on target. We designed a classical diffraction mounted (CDM) grating monochromator that can achieve a wide range of photon energy from 12 to 40.8 eV, while the time resolution is improved by reducing the pulse front tilt after the harmonic selection. We designed a spatial filtering method to adjust the time resolution using the CDM monochromator and significantly reduced the pulse front tilt of the XUV pulses. We also demonstrate a detailed prediction of the energy resolution broadening which is caused by the space charge effect.
Robust phase unwrapping via non-local regularization
Authors: Bian Liheng , Wang Xin , Li Daoyu , Ren Qiuling , Zheng Dezhi
Published: February 2023

Phase unwrapping is an indispensable step in recovering the true phase from a modulo-2π phase. Conventional phase unwrapping methods suffer from error propagation under severe noise. In this Letter, we propose an iterative framework for robust phase unwrapping with high fidelity. The proposed method utilizes the transport-of-intensity equation to solve the phase unwrapping problem with high computational efficiency. To further improve reconstruction accuracy, we take advantage of non-local structural similarity using low-rank regularization. Meanwhile, we use an adaptive iteration strategy that dynamically and automatically updates the denoising parameter to avoid over-smoothing and preserve image details. A set of simulation and experimental results validates the proposed method, which can provide satisfying results under severe noise conditions, and outperform existing state-of-the-art phase unwrapping methods with at least 6 dB higher peak SNR (PSNR).
All-fiber cyan laser at 491.5 nm
Authors: Hong Jinfen , Zou Jinhai , Wang Yushu , Ruan Qiujun , Chen Tingting , Cheng Yang , Bu Yikun , Luo Zhengqian
Published: February 2023

We report, for the first time to our knowledge, a compact continuous-wave all-fiber cyan laser. The all-fiber cavity consists of a 443-nm fiber-pigtail laser diode as pump source, a 4.5-cm single-clad Pr3+-doped fluoride fiber, and two custom-built dielectric-coated fiber-pigtail mirrors in the visible spectral region. Downconversion cyan lasing at 491.5 nm is directly achieved, providing a maximum output power of 97.5 mW with a slope efficiency of 23.7% and a power fluctuation of less than 0.41%. Such a compact all-fiber cyan laser may be of great significance to expand the color reproduction range of laser displays, and has potential applications in fluorescence imaging, underwater communication, and detection.
Model of neural induction in the ascidian embryo
Authors: Bettoni Rossana , Hudson Clare , Williaume Géraldine , Sirour Cathy , Yasuo Hitoyoshi , de Buyl Sophie , Dupont Geneviève
Published: February 2023

How cell specification can be controlled in a reproducible manner is a fundamental question in developmental biology. In ascidians, a group of invertebrate chordates, geometry plays a key role in achieving this control. Here, we use mathematical modeling to demonstrate that geometry dictates the neural-epidermal cell fate choice in the 32-cell stage ascidian embryo by a two-step process involving first the modulation of ERK signaling and second, the expression of the neural marker gene, Otx. The model describes signal transduction by the ERK pathway that is stimulated by FGF and attenuated by ephrin, and ERK-mediated control of Otx gene expression, which involves both an activator and a repressor of ETS-family transcription factors. Considering the measured area of cell surface contacts with FGF- or ephrin-expressing cells as inputs, the solutions of the model reproduce the experimental observations about ERK activation and Otx expression in the different cells under normal and perturbed conditions. Sensitivity analyses and computations of Hill coefficients allow us to quantify the robustness of the specification mechanism controlled by cell surface area and to identify the respective role played by each signaling input. Simulations also predict in which conditions the dual control of gene expression by an activator and a repressor that are both under the control of ERK can induce a robust ON/OFF control of neural fate induction.
Termination factor Rho mediates transcriptional reprogramming of Bacillus subtilis stationary phase
Authors: Bidnenko Vladimir , Nicolas Pierre , Guérin Cyprien , Dérozier Sandra , Chastanet Arnaud , Dairou Julien , Redko-Hamel Yulia , Jules Matthieu , Bidnenko Elena
Published: February 2023

Transcription termination factor Rho is known for its ubiquitous role in suppression of pervasive, mostly antisense, transcription. In the model Gram-positive bacteriumBacillus subtilis, de-repression of pervasive transcription by inactivation ofrhorevealed the role of Rho in the regulation of post-exponential differentiation programs. To identify other aspects of the regulatory role of Rho during adaptation to starvation, we have constructed aB.subtilisstrain (Rho+) that expressesrhoat a relatively stable high level in order to compensate for its decrease in the wild-type cells entering stationary phase. The RNAseq analysis of Rho+, WT and Δrhostrains (expression profiles can be visualized athttp://genoscapist.migale.inrae.fr/seb_rho/) shows that Rho over-production enhances the termination efficiency of Rho-sensitive terminators, thus reducing transcriptional read-through and antisense transcription genome-wide. Moreover, the Rho+strain exhibits global alterations of sense transcription with the most significant changes observed for the AbrB, CodY, and stringent response regulons, forming the pathways governing the transition to stationary phase. Subsequent physiological analyses demonstrated that maintainingrhoexpression at a stable elevated level modifies stationary phase-specific physiology ofB.subtiliscells, weakens stringent response, and thereby negatively affects the cellular adaptation to nutrient limitations and other stresses, and blocks the development of genetic competence and sporulation. These results highlight the Rho-specific termination of transcription as a novel element controlling stationary phase. The release of this control by decreasing Rho levels during the transition to stationary phase appears crucial for the functionality of complex gene networks ensuringB.subtilissurvival in stationary phase.
Effective pandemic policy design through feedback does not need accurate predictions
Authors: van Heusden Klaske , Stewart Greg E. , Otto Sarah P. , Dumont Guy A.
Published: February 2023

The COVID-19 pandemic has had an enormous toll on human health and well-being and led to major social and economic disruptions. Public health interventions in response to burgeoning case numbers and hospitalizations have repeatedly bent down the epidemic curve, effectively creating a feedback control system. Worst case scenarios have been avoided in many places through this responsive feedback. We aim to formalize and illustrate how to incorporate principles of feedback control into pandemic projections and decision-making, and ultimately shift the focus from prediction to the design of interventions. Starting with an epidemiological model for COVID-19, we illustrate how feedback control can be incorporated into pandemic management using a simple design that couples recent changes in case numbers or hospital occupancy with explicit policy restrictions. We demonstrate robust ability to control a pandemic using a design that responds to hospital cases, despite simulating large uncertainty in reproduction number R0 (range: 1.04-5.18) and average time to hospital admission (range: 4-28 days). We show that shorter delays, responding to case counts versus hospital measured infections, reduce both the cumulative case count and the average level of interventions. Finally, we show that feedback is robust to changing compliance to public health directives and to systemic changes associated with variants of concern and with the introduction of a vaccination program. The negative impact of a pandemic on human health and societal disruption can be reduced by coupling models of disease propagation with models of the decision-making process. In contrast to highly varying open-loop projections, incorporating feedback explicitly in the decision-making process is more reflective of the real-world challenge facing public health decision makers. Using feedback principles, effective control strategies can be designed even if the pandemic characteristics are highly uncertain, encouraging earlier and smaller actions that reduce both case counts and the extent of interventions.
Describing movement learning using metric learning
Authors: Loriette Antoine , Liu Wanyu , Bevilacqua Frédéric , Caramiaux Baptiste
Published: February 2023

Analysing movement learning can rely on human evaluation, e.g. annotating video recordings, or on computing means in applying metrics on behavioural data. However, it remains challenging to relate human perception of movement similarity to computational measures that aim at modelling such similarity. In this paper, we propose a metric learning method bridging the gap between human ratings of movement similarity in a motor learning task and computational metric evaluation on the same task. It applies metric learning on a Dynamic Time Warping algorithm to derive an optimal set of movement features that best explain human ratings. We evaluated this method on an existing movement dataset, which comprises videos of participants practising a complex gesture sequence toward a target template, as well as the collected data that describes the movements. We show that it is possible to establish a linear relationship between human ratings and our learned computational metric. This learned metric can be used to describe the most salient temporal moments implicitly used by annotators, as well as movement parameters that correlate with motor improvements in the dataset. We conclude with possibilities to generalise this method for designing computational tools dedicated to movement annotation and evaluation of skill learning.
Association of plasma metabolites and diagnostic imaging findings with hepatic lipidosis in bearded dragons (Pogona vitticeps) and effects of gemfibrozil therapy
Authors: Barboza Trinita K. , Susta Leonardo , zur Linden Alex , Gardhouse Sara , Beaufrère Hugues
Published: February 2023

Objectives

To evaluate the association between plasma metabolites, biochemical analytes, diagnostic imaging findings, and the histologic diagnosis of hepatic lipidosis in bearded dragons. To assess the effects of gemfibrozil therapy on hepatic lipid accumulation and associated diagnostic tests.

Animals

Fourteen bearded dragons (Pogona vitticeps)with varying severity of hepatic lipid accumulation (with and without hepatic lipidosis) were included.

Procedures

Animals underwent coelomic ultrasound, computed tomography (CT) scans, and coelioscopic hepatic biopsies. Clinical pathology tests included lipidologic tests, hepatic biomarkers, and mass spectrometry-based metabolomics. Animals were medicated with gemfibrozil 6mg/kg orally once a day for 2 months in a randomized blinded clinical trial prior to repeating previous diagnostic testing.

Results

Hounsfield units on CT were negatively associated with increased hepatic vacuolation, while ultrasound and gross evaluation of the liver were not reliable. Beta-hydroxybutyric-acid (BHBA) concentrations were significantly associated with hepatic lipidosis. Metabolomics and lipidomics data found BHBA and succinic acid to be potential biomarkers for diagnosing hepatic lipidosis in bearded dragons. Succinic acid concentrations were significantly lower in the gemfibrozil treatment group. There was a tendency for improvement in the biomarkers and reduced hepatic fat in bearded dragons with hepatic lipidosis when treated with gemfibrozil, though the improvement was not statistically significant.

Conclusions

These findings provide information on the antemortem assessment of hepatic lipidosis in bearded dragons and paves the way for further research in diagnosis and treatment of this disease.
Establishing pregnancy-specific haematological reference intervals in Ghana; a three-center cross-sectional study
Authors: Simpong Nicodemus Larbi , Afefa Charity Tenu , Yimpuri Leander , Akum Betty , Safo Afia , Edziah Simon-Junior , Simpong David Larbi , Adu Patrick
Published: February 2023

Background

Abnormal intra-pregnancy haematological variables are associated with adverse feto-maternal outcomes. However, the reference intervals (RIs) employed in sub-Saharan Africa to inform clinical decisions are generally imported. Since RIs are influenced by age, geographical location, and race, we hypothesized that context specific RIs should be established in Ghana to contextualize intra-pregnancy decision making.

Methods

This cross-sectional study retrospectively retrieved data of 333 pregnant women with no known clinically determined intra-pregnancy complications; 22 participants in their first trimester (T1; 1–13 weeks), 177 in their T2 (14–27 weeks), and 132 in T3 (28–41 weeks). RIs for haematological parameters were non-parametrically determined at 2.5th and 97.5th percentiles in accordance with CLSI guidance document EP28-A3c. Two-sample comparisons were undertaken using Wilcoxon rank-sum tests whereas more than two-sample comparisons were undertaken using Kruskal-Wallis test. Statistical significance was set at p <0.05 under the two-tailed assumptions.

Results

In accordance with WHO trimester-specific haemoglobin cutoffs, anaemia prevalence was a moderate (T1: 36.4%; 8/22 & T2: 31.6%; 56/177) to severe (T3:68.0%; 90/132) public health problem. Additionally, 9.3% (31/333) individuals had high gestational haemoglobin levels (Hb >13.0 g/dL). Moreover, haemoglobin (T2: 8.6–14.3 vs T3: 7.5–13.6 g/dL), MCH (T2: 22.5–69.8 vs T3: 21.6–31.9 pg), MCHC (T2: 30.2–51.8 g/L vs T3: 30.5–37.9 g/L), TWBC (T2: 4.0–13.4 vs T3: 4.1–13.0 x 109/L) required trimester specific RIs, compared to RBC (2.8–5.1 x 1012/L), MCV (66.2–100.2 fL), and platelet counts (106.3–388.3 x 109/L) that each required combined reference intervals.

Conclusions

The intra-pregnancy haematological RIs determined have appreciable lower limits; there is the need to determine context-specific thresholds for haematological variables predictive of positive and/or adverse maternal and infant health outcomes.
a-Synuclein and lipids in erythrocytes of Gaucher disease carriers and patients before and after enzyme replacement therapy
Authors: Moraitou Marina , Sotiroudis Georgios , Papagiannakis Nikolaos , Ferraz Maria M. J. , Xenakis Aristotelis , Aerts Johannes M. F. G. , Stefanis Leonidas , Michelakakis Helen
Published: February 2023

It is well established that patients with Gaucher disease, as well as carriers of the disease have an increased risk for developing Parkinson’s disease. A plethora of evidence suggests that disturbed α-Synuclein homeostasis is the link between Gaucher disease and Parkinson’s disease. The pathogenic mechanism linking these entities is still a topic of debate and both gain- and loss-of-function theories have been put forward, which however are not mutually exclusive. In the present study we expanded our previous studies to include not only Gaucher disease patients but also Gaucher disease carriers and Gaucher disease patients following Enzyme Replacement Therapy. In these groups we investigated α-Synuclein in red blood cell membranes in association with lipid abnormalities described in Gaucher disease. These included glucosylceramide and its species, glucosylsphingosine, glucosylcholesterol and plasmalogens. Increased oligomerization of α-Synuclein in red blood cell membranes was observed not only in Gaucher disease patients but also in carriers of the disease. There were no qualitative differences in the lipids identified in the groups studied. However, significant quantitative differences compared to controls were observed in Gaucher disease patients but not in Gaucher disease carriers. Enzyme Replacement Therapy reversed the biochemical defects and normalized α-Synuclein homeostasis, providing for the first time evidence in human subjects that such homeostatic dysregulation is reversible. Further studies investigating α-Synuclein status during the differentiation of erythroid progenitors could provide new data on the pathogenic mechanism of α-Synuclein oligomerization in this system.
Using computed tomography to evaluate proper chest compression depth for cardiopulmonary resuscitation in Thai population: A retrospective cross-sectional study
Authors: Atiksawedparit Pongsakorn , Sathapornthanasin Thanaporn , Chalermdamrichai Phanorn , Sanguanwit Pitsucha , Saksobhavivat Nitima , Saelee Ratchanee , Phattharapornjaroen Phatthranit
Published: February 2023

Introduction

The effectiveness of cardiopulmonary resuscitation is determined by appropriate chest compression depth and rate. The American Heart Association recommended CC depth at 5–6 cm to indicate proper cardiac output during cardiac arrest. However, many studies showed the differences in the body builds between Caucasians and Asians. Therefore, this study aimed to determine heart compression fraction (HCF) in the Thai population by using contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) scan of the chest and a mathematical model.

Materials and methods

Consecutive contrast-enhanced CT scans of the chest performed at Ramathibodi Hospital were retrospectively reviewed from January to March 2018 by two independent radiologists. Patients’ characteristics, including gender, age, weight, height, and pre-existing diseases, were recorded, and the chest parameters were measured from a CT scan. The heart compression fraction (HCF) was subsequently calculated.

Results

Of 306 subjects, there were 139 (45.4%) males, 148 (47.4%) lung diseases and 10 (3.3%) heart diseases. Mean age and BMI were 60.4 years old and 23.8 kg/m2, respectively. Chest diameter, heart diameter, and non-cardiac soft tissue were significantly smaller in females compared to males. Mean (SD) HCF proportional with 50 mm and 60 mm depth were 38.3% (13.3%) and 50% (14.3%), respectively. There were significant differences of HCF proportional by 50 mm and 60 mm depth between men and women (33.2% vs 42.6% and 44% vs 54.9%, respectively (P<0.001)). In addition, a decrease in HCF was significantly observed among higher BMI groups.

Conclusion

The CT scan and mathematical model showed that 38% and 50% HCF proportions were generated by 50 mm and 60 mm CC depth. HCF proportions were significantly different between genders and among BMI groups. The recommended depth of 5–6 cm is likely to provide sufficient CC depth in the population of Thailand.
Patients’ choices regarding online access to laboratory, radiology and pathology test results on a hospital patient portal
Authors: Hulter Pauline , Langendoen Wesley , Pluut Bettine , Schoonman Guus G. , Luijten Remco , van Wetten Femke , Ahaus Kees , Weggelaar-Jansen Anne Marie
Published: February 2023

The disclosure of online test results (i.e., laboratory, radiology and pathology results) on patient portals can vary from immediate disclosure (in real-time) via a delay of up to 28 days to non-disclosure. Although a few studies explored patient opinions regarding test results release, we have no insight into actual patients’ preferences. To address this, we allowed patients to register their choices on a hospital patient portal. Our research question was: When do patients want their test results to be disclosed on the patient portal and what are the reasons for these choices? We used a mixed methods sequential explanatory design that included 1) patient choices on preferred time delay to test result disclosure on the patient portal for different medical specialties (N = 4592) and 2) semi-structured interviews with patients who changed their mind on their initial choice (N = 7). For laboratory (blood and urine) results, 3530 (76.9%) patients chose a delay of 1 day and 912 (19.9%) patients chose a delay of 7 days. For radiology and pathology results 4352 (94.8%) patients chose a delay of 7 days. 43 patients changed their mind about when they wanted to receive their results. By interviewing seven patients (16%) from this group we learned that some participants did not remember why they made changes. Four participants wanted a shorter delay to achieve transparency in health-related information and communication; to have time to process bad results; for reassurance; to prepare for a medical consultation; monitoring and acting on deviating results to prevent worsening of their disease; and to share results with their general practitioner. Three participants extended their chosen delay to avoid the disappointment about the content and anxiety of receiving incomprehensible information. Our study indicates that most patients prefer transparency in health-related information and want their test results to be disclosed as soon as possible.
Renewable Energy Sources Based on Agricultural Production: Potential Applications Within the Silk Road Economic Belt Framework
Authors: Ji Zhi , Abuselidze George , Lymar Valeriia
Published: February 2023

The article is devoted to the Ukrainian-Chinese cooperation in the context of the joint construction of the "Silk Road Economic Belt", in particular, the cost-effective production of renewable energy sources based on agricultural production on the territory of Ukraine with the involvement of investors from China is highlighted. It has been proved that it is advisable to create an agro-industrial park in the agricultural sector, whose activities can be aimed at research and development of new technologies for growing agricultural products and "green technologies" in the field of agriculture. Calculations indicate the possibility of substantiating the quantitative characteristics of biofuel production and the ecological state of the territories. It is shown that in order to identify the degree of influence of these economic and environmental factors on the efficiency of biofuel production enterprises, it is necessary to conduct a systematic assessment of them with the construction of a mechanism for the functioning of such an enterprise as part of an agricultural park, which reflects the relationship of factors of the efficiency of biofuel production.  

Keywords: The economic belt of the Silk Road, Agricultural Park; Production of renewable energy sources, Production of biofuels, Efficiency of functioning of biofuel production enterprises.
Wood ash content variation in Eucalyptus grandis clones in Mozambique
Authors: Mogeia Semo , Manhiça Alberto , Egas Andrade
Published: February 2023

The sustainability of native forests in Sub-Saharan Africa depends on the diversification of sources to generate bioenergy, and Eucalyptus spp. wood has been highlighted. However, the determination of energy quality parameters has been a challenge to enable plantation wood to generate energy. The research assessed the ash content of radial and longitudinal samples of Eucalyptus grandis (Hill) clone with different ages and growth sites. Samples were collected in three pre-established plots in the center of Mozambique. Five trees were cut down in each plot and six discs were removed from each tree. Grinded samples with <0.5 mm particle size were generated from the heartwood and sapwood of each disk to determine the ash content. Wood from 7-year-olds had a higher ash content compared to 9-year-olds. The two sample plots differed from each other in terms of wood ash content. Heartwood samples had smaller ash content than sapwood samples. In general, the ash content of the intermediate positions was lower than those from the base and top of the stem, for both radial sections. No conclusive differences were found between samples from the base and the top of the trees, indicating that the material from the top of the trees can also be used as wood fuel. Ash content can be a considerable parameter to assess the quality of the wood of Eucalyptus spp. as a fuel.