bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Optimization of parameters during phosphoric acid production using response surface methodology: toward a biomimetic process
Authors: Abdelouahhab Mehdi , Manar Sliman , Benhida Rachid
Published: June 2024

Three key process parameters maximizing filterability were optimized; clarification of the produced phosphoric acid; carbonate and organic matter were sequestrated in the phosphogypsum solid phase; toward the development of a biomimetic process.
Synthesis and application of well-defined [Ph4P]+[Cu(CF2CF3)2]− complex as a versatile pentafluoroethylating reagent
Authors: Dong Tao , Shen Qilong , Tsui Gavin Chit
Published: June 2024

A well-defined [Ph4P]+[Cu(CF2CF3)2]− complex acts as a versatile pentafluoroethylating reagent for the construction of C(sp3)–, C(sp2)– and C(sp)–CF2CF3 bonds.
Multi-electron redox reactivity of a samarium(ii) hydrido complex
Authors: Shi Xianghui , Deng Peng , Rajeshkumar Thayalan , Maron Laurent , Cheng Jianhua
Published: June 2024

The synthesis and multi-electron redox reactivity of the first example of divalent samarium(ii) hydrido complex.
Oxygen vacancies coupled with surface silicide facilitate CO2 activation at near-room temperature for efficient methane productivity on Ni-oxide supported Pd nanoparticles
Authors: Yang Thomas , Beniwal Amisha , Bhalothia Dinesh , Yan Che , Wang Chia-Hsin , Chen Tsan-Yao
Published: June 2024

A schematic representation of CO2 reduction reaction pathways on the surface of a NiOTPd15-T catalyst.
3D visualization reveals the cooling rate dependent crystallization near a wall in dense microgel systems
Authors: Schelling M. P. M. , Verouden T. W. J. , Stevens T. C. M. , Meijer J.-M.
Published: June 2024

Temperature-controlled confocal microscopy reveals the effect of cooling rate on the crystal domain alignment with the wall in dense systems of thermoresponsive microgels, which results from a balance between homogeneous and heterogeneous nucleation.
Enhanced stability and the lithium storage mechanism of oxygen vacancy-induced heterogeneous Li4Ti5O12/TiO2(B) anolytes
Authors: Zhang Fengjie , Fang Wenhao , Wu Xiangkun , Lu Xingmei
Published: June 2024

The Li4Ti5O12/TiO2(B) heterostructure, enriched with oxygen vacancies, significantly improves the stability of the slurry electrode while augmenting lithium ion transport efficiency.
Modulating carrier transport by cross-dimensional compositing of Ag2Se/MXene for high-performance flexible thermoelectrics
Authors: Qin Jie , Lu Yao , Liu Wenjing , Du Zhangli , Li Xiang , Ding Tianpeng , Feng Jianghe , Du Yong , Ke Qinfei , Wang Xin
Published: June 2024

Flexible thermoelectrics (TEs) offer immense potential for self-powering of wearable/implantable electronics.
A review on perovskite-based nanocrystals as potential electrochemiluminescence emitters: challenges and future opportunities
Authors: Sivakumar Indhu Leka Kottaiveedu , Shettya Vaishnavi B. , Paramasivam Selvaraj , Rao Maithili K. , Muthu Selvakumar , Senthil Kumar Shanmugam
Published: June 2024

Extensive synthetic strategies and manipulation of perovskite-based nanocrystals not only improve the inherent optical and electrical properties but also stabilize them to enhance ECL efficiency and be used as a potential ECL luminophore material.
Visible-excitable long-afterglow material with dual-mode emission of delayed fluorescence and room temperature phosphorescence
Authors: Zheng Yangyang , Li Zhizheng , Zhang Huacheng
Published: June 2024

The BA@Fluo can achieve dual-mode emission of RTP and TADF, and colorful afterglow can be achieved under temperature regulation. Particularly, BA@Fluo was characterized by fluorescence discoloration, and increased quantum yield caused by grinding.
Identifying Components of a Person-Centered Augmentative and Alternative Communication Intervention for People With Dementia: Opinions of an International Expert Panel
Authors: May Adele A. , Dada Shakila , Murray Janice
Published: June 2024

Purpose:

Despite general agreement on the importance of person-centered care in speech-language pathology, guidelines for developing person-centered interventions for those with dementia are limited. This study aimed to obtain expert opinion on the components of a person-centered augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) intervention for persons with dementia.

Method:

A modified electronic Delphi technique was employed in a single round. A purposively sampled panel of experts was invited to provide their opinion on three open-ended questions related to (a) the elements of person-centered care, (b) communication supports, and (c) the interaction outcomes of a person-centered intervention. Thirty-one experts from nine countries participated on the panel. The majority were speech-language pathologists primarily involved in research. Qualitative written data were coded and analyzed using content analysis.

Results:

Nine components were identified across the three open-ended questions: (a) the unique characteristics of the person with dementia, (b) working with a person with dementia, (c) preserving personhood, (d) a different view on person-centered care, (e) a range of communication supports, (f) supportive conversational partners, (g) designing communication supports, (h) interaction outcome measure, and (i) meaningful interaction outcomes.

Conclusion:

This study identified nine components that are useful in guiding speech-language pathologists in crafting future person-centered AAC interventions for people with dementia.
Design of a high‐frequency transformer based on amorphous cut cores for insulation breakdown testing
Authors: Lagerweij Gijs , Niasar Mohamad Ghaffarian
Published: June 2024

Innovative test methods are required to keep up with the increased demand for insulation materials which can withstand the high‐frequency square‐wave voltages generated by power‐electronic equipment. Test systems using high‐voltage, high‐frequency transformers have proven versatile and easy to realise. The authors investigate the application of amorphous cut cores in such transformers. Analytical and numerical models for the transformer and its frequency response are developed, aiding the design process. An amorphous core‐based transformer is designed for 8 kVpk output at 100 kHz and compared to two previous designs based on ferrite cores. The frequency and pulse response, as well as the high‐voltage and thermal performance, are evaluated. The comparison shows that while the low parasitics of the amorphous‐based transformer allow for superior frequency response, they are unsuitable for long‐duration tests with high pulse repetition frequencies (25–100 kHz) due to increased core losses. The partial discharge inception and flashover voltage are comparable to the ferrite‐based transformers.
Self‐supervised binocular depth estimation algorithm with self‐rectification for autonomous driving
Authors: Bao Jingyao , Yu Hongfei , Zou Yongjia , Lv Jin , Liu Wei , Cao Yang
Published: June 2024

Aiming to address the challenge where existing methods struggle to predict accurate disparities for imperfectly rectified stereo images, and that supervised training requires a considerable amount of ground truth, a self‐supervised binocular depth estimation algorithm with self‐rectification for autonomous driving is proposed. Firstly, a subnetwork dedicated to stereo rectification, aiming to estimate the homography between stereo images is developed. This homography facilitates the transformation of stereo image pairs, aligning their corresponding pixels horizontally. Secondly, a foundational self‐supervised framework primarily centred on minimizing errors in stereo image reconstruction, combined with the generative‐adversarial strategy is introduced. Finally, a vertical offset prediction module (VOPM) is incorporated into the basic framework to further enhance the resistance of the stereo matching network to pixel‐level vertical offset errors. Experimental results on the public KITTI dataset for autonomous driving demonstrate the effectiveness of this approach in improving the disparity prediction performance for imperfectly rectified stereo images. Moreover, the self‐supervised training framework exhibits superiority over state‐of‐the‐art methods.
Implementation of unknown parameter estimation procedure for hybrid and discrete non‐linear systems
Authors: Razm‐Pa Mahdi
Published: June 2024

The application of the hybrid extended Kalman filter (HEKF), hybrid unscented Kalman filter (HUKF), hybrid particle filter (HPF), and hybrid extended Kalman particle filter (HEKPF) is discussed for hybrid non‐linear filter problems, when prediction equations are continuous‐time and the update equations are discrete‐time, and also the discrete extended Kalman filter (DEKF), discrete unscented Kalman filter (DUKF), discrete particle filter (DPF), and discrete extended Kalman particle filter (DEKPF) for discrete‐time non‐linear filter problems, when prediction equations and update equations are discrete‐time. In order to assess the performance of the filters, the authors consider the non‐linear dynamics for a re‐entry vehicle. The filters are used in two hybrid and discrete states to estimate the position, velocity, and drag parameter associated with the re‐entry vehicle. Theoretical topics concerning estimating the drag parameter of a vehicle in re‐entry phase have been dealt with. Drag parameter estimation is carried out using a combination of hybrid filters and discrete filters as an effective estimator and fixed value, forgetting factor, and Robbins‐Monro stochastic approximation methods as the noise covariance matrix adjuster of the parameter.
Assessing EU environmental policies effectiveness on the economic development of Bulgaria
Authors: Georgiev Georgi , Dimitrov Ivo
Published: June 2024

The study explores the effect of the European Structural and Investment Funds, intended to implement EU Environmental Policies on the development of the Bulgarian economy. Efforts are focused on measuring the strength and direction of the stochastic relationships between the absorbed funds provided by: the European Agricultural Fund for Rural Development (EAFRD), the European Maritime and Fisheries Fund (EMFF), the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) and the Cohesion Fund (CF) on the Bulgarian gross domestic product for the period 2014 - 2022. The methodology used to study the observed stochastic processes includes various types of linear and non-linear regressions, correlation analysis, ANOVA, multicollinearity, and normality of residuals.
The effect of a new combined feed on some physiological parameters of laboratory rats
Authors: Boiko Yurii , Boiko Irina
Published: June 2024

For normal growth, development and vital activity, laboratory animals must receive a complete feed ration. A new feeding ration for rats was proposed, which is based on the use of combined feed PC 120-1. A comparison was made with a standard vivarium ration, which included mostly natural, unprocessed components. To establish the differences between the two rations, changes in the following physiological parameters were studied in experimental animals: body weight, blood composition, blood pressure, and heart rate. It was established that the use of a ration with PC 120-1 combined feed accelerates body weight gain by 5.5%, increases the number of erythrocytes by 23.8%, and hemoglobin by 12.0% compared to animals of the control group. At the same time, under the influence of the applied experimental ration, there was a decrease in blood pressure (by 28%) and heart rate (by 16.6%) in comparison with animals of the control group. Such effects of mixed feed can be explained by a more optimal protein composition and additional addition of a mixture of vitamins and trace elements. Combined fodder is better digested and animals like it better. Recommend further investigation of compound feed PC 120-1 as the main compound feed of vivarium for rats.
The activities and development prospects analysis of the agricultural sector of Ukraine
Authors: Pavelko Olha , Lazaryshyna Inna , Los Zoriana , Vasylieva Valentyna , Kvasnii Liubov
Published: June 2024

The losses of the agrarian sector of Ukraine’s economy during the war are characterized. The dynamics of net profit, the volume of sold products and the number of enterprises involved in managing Ukraine’s agriculture, hunting and the provision of related services for 2012-2022 are analyzed. Such risks for agricultural sector functioning due to the martial law in Ukraine as loss of production and resource potential of the agricultural sector, deterioration of the technical support of agricultural enterprises, loss of part of the infrastructure for storage and primary processing of agricultural products, complication of sales on foreign markets are identified and substantiated. An analysis of capital investments by sources of financing in agriculture, hunting and the provision of related services is carried out. A linear regression model that describes the relationship between the National Bank of Ukraine discount rate and the amount of bank investment in agriculture, hunting and the provision of related services is built. A sample regression equation is formed. It is proposed that the constructed model be used to forecast the dynamics of bank lending to agriculture. The estimated 2024 recovery and reconstruction priorities of Ukraine’s agriculture are presented. Critical tasks which urgently need solutions due to the situation in Ukraine, caused by the state of war and active hostilities, are defined.
Analyzing dairy industry development for Ukrainian and global food security during martial law
Authors: Kovshun Natalia , Kushnir Nina , Tsaruk Diana , Snitko Dmytro , Slesarchuk Oleksandr
Published: June 2024

The study examines the development determinants of the dairy industry, a major component of global and national food security. Regarding production and trade factors affecting the whole agro-industrial complex and the dairy industry of Ukraine, the leading indicators of dairy products' availability and provision level were determined, and their dynamics were analyzed. Ukraine's dairy product consumption sufficiency indicator was defined as one of the food security criteria. It has been established that the production determinants of the dairy industry under martial law include the profitability cost level of milk production, the milking herd's number, raw milk quality and sufficiency, and the use of fodder in milk production. Trade determinants are sale opportunities, the price level for raw milk, the affordability of dairy products, and the current Ukrainian legislation in the trade sector. The developed linear multifactor model of the dairy products turnover by retail chains' dependence on the dairy products consumption level, the average monthly wage level, the inflation level and imports indicates a close relationship between the determined factors and allows to analyze the prospects of the market and the dairy industry, as GFCI components.
Nierentransplantation
Authors: Lamm Lena , Schwenke Kay
Published: June 2024

Im OP-Ablauf nehmen wir Sie mit in die faszinierende Welt der Transplantationsmedizin: Ein OP-Team der Universitätsmedizin Mannheim beschreibt Schritt für Schritt, wie eine Niere transplantiert wird.
Early Hyperprogression of Rhabdomyosarcoma Detected by 18F-FDG PET/CT Three Weeks after CAR-T Treatment
Authors: Guo Shenrui , Tan Zhen , Guan Wenbin , Yin Yafu
Published: June 2024

Chimeric antigen receptor T-cell (CAR-T) treatment has been widely used in the treatment of hematological malignancies, and its application has been gradually expanded to the research and treatment of solid tumors. However, unconventional types of response may occur after CAR-T treatment, such as hyperprogression, resulting in terrible outcomes. Here, we report the case of a 13-year-old adolescent boy with relapsed and refractory rhabdomyosarcoma who developed early hyperprogression 3 weeks after CAR-T treatment (target: B7H3 and CD171), which was detected by fluorine-18 fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) positron emission tomography (PET)/computed tomography (CT). The patient eventually underwent amputation. Attention should be paid to the possibility of early hyperprogression after CAR-T treatment, and 18F-FDG PET/CT has an absolute advantage in early evaluating treatment response to immunotherapy.
Detection of Spondyloepiphyseal Dysplasia Phenotype with CHST3 Mutation in an Asian Indian Family and Outcomes of Index and Subsequent Pregnancy
Authors: Gupta Sonal Omprakash , Gupta Omprakash Premnarayan , Jaipuria Nirmala Kisanlal , Turkar Ghanshyam M. , Chaurasiya Sachin , Kapse Shivanjali
Published: June 2024

CHST3-related skeletal dysplasia is an autosomal recessive disorder with a prenatal onset. Variations in the CHST3 gene are associated with spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia with short stature of prenatal onset; dislocation of the knees, hips or elbows; club feet; postnatal limitation of range of motion of large joints; and progressive kyphosis, occasional scoliosis and minor heart valve dysplasia. The identification of pathogenic variants in the family is helpful for carrier and prenatal testing. We describe the prenatal identification of spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia with CHST3 mutation in the index pregnancy of an Asian Indian woman and the outcome of the subsequent pregnancy.
Effect of Internet Addiction on Sleep Quality and Academic Performance in Undergraduate Dental Students
Authors: Rana Avni , Mathur Anmol , Kharia Ayush , Mathur Aditi
Published: June 2024

Aim This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of Internet addiction and its effect on sleep patterns and university academic performance among dental undergraduates.

Methodology A total of 400 dental undergraduates were targeted in a cross-sectional setting. The students were invited to fill out a pretested questionnaire consisting of the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and the Internet Addiction Test. Data was analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) software (version 20.0). Frequencies and percentages along with mean and standard deviation were calculated.

Results A total of 274 study subjects participated in the study out of which the majority of respondents were females (N = 230; 83.9%). Seventy-six percent of the population was using the Internet for 0 to 6 hours. Excellent academic performance scores have not been reported in any of the years except the second year. The mean global PSQI score and Internet addiction score both are seen to be reducing as the year of study increases. Internet addiction is positively associated with poor PSQI scores.

Conclusion The authors concluded that adequate sleep is undoubtedly the most important factor. Internet usage is a dynamic issue; the students need to manage it in a strict schedule to manage a decent total sleeping time.
Conventional Adenoidectomy versus Endoscope-Assisted Adenoidectomy: Comparative Study
Authors: Raj Amitha , Saldanha Marina , Kalam Ahsain S. , Aroor Rajeshwari , Kamath Shrinath D.
Published: June 2024

Objectives Adenoidectomy is a common surgical procedure in otorhinolaryngological practice.

Conventionally, adenoidectomy is performed with a curette. The present study aims to compare the conventional method with the newer endoscope-assisted adenoidectomy method.

Materials and Methods This prospective study was done in 36 patients requiring adenoidectomy at a tertiary care center from January 2020 to June 2021. The participants were allocated into two groups: group A (18) who underwent conventional adenoidectomy by curettage method and group B (18) who underwent endoscope-assisted microdebrider adenoidectomy. Data on indications for adenoidectomy, average surgical intraoperative time, and intraoperative blood loss were collected and compared between the groups. Postadenoidectomy symptom-based feedback was taken after 1 year. The intraoperative parameters were analyzed using mean ± standard deviation and independent t-test.

Results The average operative timing in the conventional adenoidectomy group was 13.89 ± 4.837 minutes as compared with 19.44 ± 4.706 minutes in the endoscope-assisted adenoidectomy group (p = 0.001). The average amount of blood loss in the conventional group was 21.528 ± 2.51 mL whereas in the endoscope assisted group it was 24.889 ± 4.45 mL (p = 0.009). None of the patients had any symptoms suggestive of recurrence on 1-year follow-up.

Conclusion Conventional adenoidectomy and endoscope-assisted adenoidectomy are safe and effective methods for adenoidectomy. Endoscopic adenoidectomy has the additional advantage of surgical removal under visualization. Depending on the clinical setup and with adequate training both procedures are effective.
An autoethnography of a transformative odyssey: decolonizing anthropology, the hegemony of English, and the pursuit of plurilogies
Authors: Ali Inayat
Published: June 2024

In this autoethnographic account of my own transformative odyssey, via drawing on my personal experiences as a Pakistani anthropologist, I explore the pervasive impacts of English language hegemony in academia. Contextualizing this hegemony within the ongoing discussions on the possibility of “decolonizing anthropology,” I ask about the possibility and affordability of promoting publications in native languages, thereby challenging the status quo wherein non-native English-speaking authors bear the financial burdens of translations. Also, I question the abilities and readiness of major anthropological platforms to embrace sessions or panels in native languages to promote plurilogies—a term I created to refer to the coexistence and acceptance by major anthropological platforms of multiple diverse perspectives, narratives, or wisdoms. By asking these questions, I hope to prompt a reevaluation of the dominance of English within the field as well as a reflexive anthropology that urges anthropologists to seek innovative means of communication and understanding.
Temporal and spatial effects of manufacturing agglomeration on CO2 emissions: evidence from South Korea
Authors: Wu Zhen , Woo Su-Han , Oh Jin-Ho , Lai Po-Lin
Published: June 2024

Studies have shown that industrial agglomeration has a facilitating effect on carbon emission reduction. However, discussions on the impact of manufacturing agglomeration on emission reduction have not simultaneously considered spatial correlation and temporal continuity. Addressing this gap, this study develops a dynamic spatial econometric model rooted in agglomeration economic theory to simultaneously assess the spatial and temporal impacts of manufacturing agglomeration on carbon emission reduction. Utilizing panel data from 17 major South Korean regions from 2013 to 2019, the research investigates the internal mechanisms and spatial effects of manufacturing agglomeration on reducing carbon emissions. The findings reveal that the relationship between manufacturing agglomeration (specialization and diversification) and carbon emissions in South Korea shows an inverted U-shape. Moreover, regarding the temporal continuity of carbon emissions, in the short term, specialized agglomeration is beneficial to reduce local and neighboring carbon emissions. In the long run, the effect of specialized agglomeration on the overall carbon emission reduction is still obvious. However, diversified agglomeration can only reduce local carbon emissions in the short term, but the spillover effect on neighboring areas is not obvious. In the long run, diversified agglomeration can effectively reduce local carbon emissions, but the spillover effect on neighboring areas is still not obvious. These nuanced insights are crucial for policymakers aiming to leverage industrial agglomeration for carbon emissions reduction effectively.
Exploring the spatiotemporal evolution mechanism of rural e-commerce: insights from the experience of Taobao towns in China
Authors: Cui Xufeng , Huang Wei , Zhang Jing , Deng Wei
Published: June 2024

In the era of the digital economy, rural e-commerce has emerged as a compelling catalyst for driving the modernization of agriculture and rural areas. It has given rise to notable exemplars such as “Taobao villages” and “Taobao towns”, paving the way for scalable pathways toward rural revitalization. The transition from Taobao villages to Taobao towns signifies the evolution of rural e-commerce from scattered nodes to interconnected networks, reflecting a significant development trend. While existing studies have primarily focused on the spatiotemporal patterns of Taobao villages, limited research has been conducted on the spatiotemporal characteristics and the underlying evolution mechanism of Taobao towns. To fill the research gap, this study investigates the spatial-temporal evolution of Taobao towns employing geospatial methods and identifies key contributing factors using GeoDetector in China. The results show that: (1) The coverage of Taobao towns expands year by year in all provinces and cities, showing a “T-shaped and three-center” spatial pattern with a decreasing gradient from southeast to northwest. (2) Taobao towns in the central area are developing rapidly and are becoming an emerging development center. (3) The development of Taobao towns is the result of a combination of multiple factors, including regional economic base, social environment, market atmosphere, transportation conditions, infrastructure construction, etc. The study can provide Chinese experience for rural development and transformation.
The influence of robot applications on rural labor transfer
Authors: Yu Kaizhi , Shi Yao , Feng Jiahan
Published: June 2024

Employment is a pivotal driver for ensuring and enhancing people’s livelihoods, with stable employment forming the bedrock for achieving high-quality economic development. In this study, CMDS data from 2014–2018, IFR data, and micro-data from China’s Second National Economic Census were utilized to analyze the impact of robot applications on rural labor migration in China, exploring both theoretical and empirical dimensions, particularly the crowding-out effect. The research findings suggest that robot applications influence labor demand through expansion and substitution effects. The results show robot applications significantly increased the probability of rural labor considering re-migration, with a 1% increase in urban robot density resulting in a 0.249% increase in the likelihood of rural labor re-migration. In addition, robot applications were found to reduce the migration rate of urban labor and increase the probability of rural laborers returning to the agricultural sector. Based on mechanism analyses, robot applications were found to have pronounced passive effects in accelerating rural labor migration, particularly among groups with lower skill levels, individuals aged over 44, those in low-skilled occupations, those possessing strong mobility, and those residing in economically developed areas. The conclusions of this study provide new insights for stabilizing employment and optimizing rural labor migration in the context of artificial intelligence development.
Engineered heart tissue: Design considerations and the state of the art
Authors: Gokhan Ilhan , Blum Thomas S. , Campbell Stuart G.
Published: June 2024

Originally developed more than 20 years ago, engineered heart tissue (EHT) has become an important tool in cardiovascular research for applications such as disease modeling and drug screening. Innovations in biomaterials, stem cell biology, and bioengineering, among other fields, have enabled EHT technologies to recapitulate many aspects of cardiac physiology and pathophysiology. While initial EHT designs were inspired by the isolated-trabecula culture system, current designs encompass a variety of formats, each of which have unique strengths and limitations. In this review, we describe the most common EHT formats, and then systematically evaluate each aspect of their design, emphasizing the rational selection of components for each application.
Novel two-dimensional radio frequency energy harvesting system: Design and implementation
Authors: Morsy Ismail Morsy Ahmed , Saleh Khalid
Published: June 2024

Recently, numerous published research studies and projects have focused on designing a passive charger for earphones and mobile phones. Such studies depend on a one-dimensional (1D) voltage multiplier circuit using a Schottky diode. To increase the harvested power, this study presents a novel two-dimensional (2D) radio frequency (RF) energy harvesting system based on a wideband microstrip antenna. The fabrication and design analysis of the 2D-RF n-stage voltage multiplier circuit using a zero-biasing Schottky diode are carried out. The design of this 2D-RF energy harvester is based on the idea of multi-RF current source passive energy harvesters that feed only one load through the main n-stage voltage multiplier circuit to increase the load current and consequently the power delivered to this load. This circuit was fabricated using a 10.4 relative permittivity FR4 substrate. In addition, the matching between the RF antenna output and the input of the 2D-RF voltage multiplier circuit was considered in the design analysis and fabrication to prevent RF power reflection. The circuit was simulated using ORCAD 9.1, and the simulation results were investigated at different frequencies and values of load resistance. In addition, the experimental results of the prototype model are compared with those of earlier related work. Finally, the results proved that the output power delivered from the proposed 2D system is approximately equal to that delivered by the 1D system multiplied by the number of RF voltage multiplier circuit stages 100 cm away from the RF source.
A silicon photonics waveguide-coupled colloidal quantum dot photodiode sensitive beyond 1.6 µm
Authors: Pang Chao , Deng Yu-hao , Kheradmand Ezat , Hagelsieb Luis Moreno , Guo Yujie , Cheyns David , Geiregat Pieter , Hens Zeger , Van Thourhout Dries
Published: June 2024

Silicon photonics faces a persistent challenge in extending photodetection capabilities beyond the 1.6 µm wavelength range, primarily due to the lack of appropriate epitaxial materials. Colloidal quantum dots present a promising solution here, offering distinct advantages, such as infrared wavelength tunability, cost-effectiveness, and facile deposition. Their unique properties position them as a potential candidate for enabling photodetection in silicon photonics beyond the conventional telecom wavelength, thereby expanding the potential applications and capabilities within this domain. In this study, we have successfully integrated lead sulfide (PbS) colloidal quantum dot photodiodes (QDPDs) onto silicon waveguides using standard process techniques. The integrated photodiodes exhibit a remarkable responsivity of 1.3 A/W (with an external quantum efficiency of 74.8%) at a wavelength of 2.1 µm, a low dark current of only 106 nA, and a bandwidth of 1.1 MHz under a −3 V bias. To demonstrate the scalability of our integration approach, we have developed a compact 8-channel spectrometer incorporating an array of QDPDs. This achievement marks a significant step toward realizing a cost-effective photodetector solution for silicon photonics, particularly tailored for a wide range of sensing applications around the 2 µm wavelength range.
Sensitivity analysis and optimal control for the dynamic mathematical model of cassava mosaic disease
Authors: Sangsawang Sireepatch , Humphries Usa , Khan Amir , Pongsumpun Puntani
Published: June 2024

Cassava mosaic disease (CMD) is found in many countries around the world. This disease is caused by a mosaic virus carried by whitefly. It hurts the growth and yield of cassava, which in turn causes damage to farmers who grow cassava. In this paper, we present a model for the transmission of CMD dynamics by the ordinary differential equation system and recommend the optimal control for this model when controlling the disease by uprooting diseased cassava and spraying insecticides. For this model analysis, we are given the basic reproductive number R0, which is the threshold number for classifying the disease-free equilibrium point when R0 < 1 and the endemic equilibrium point when R0 > 1 by using the next-generation method. Disease-free equilibrium points and endemic equilibrium points have found conditions of stability. Sensitivity analysis of basic reproductive numbers reveals the impact of the parameters on disease outbreaks. Then, the model is modified to an optimal control problem with two optimal control parameters, in which the goal is to reduce cassava infections to a minimum. The necessary conditions for optimal control of disease were created by Pontryagin’s maximum principle. Numerical simulations are shown to demonstrate the effectiveness of the control system in the final section.
Graphene-based tunable tri-band terahertz refractive index sensor
Authors: Fu Maixia , Zhang Tiantian , Niu Yingying , Guo Shaoshuai , Wang Zhaoying , Liu Xueying
Published: June 2024

A tunable tri-band terahertz refractive index sensor based on graphene is proposed and designed. The structure of the sensor comprises a gold (Au) substrate layer, a dielectric layer (Topas), and a graphene pattern layer. The numerical simulation results demonstrate that the sensor exhibits three narrowband absorption peaks at 1.68, 3.82, and 4.78 THz, and the corresponding absorption rate can reach 99.9%, 98.0%, and 97.9%, respectively. By adjusting the Fermi level of graphene, the resonant frequency of the sensor can be effectively tuned. Notably, due to the rotational symmetry of the structure, the sensor shows insensitivity to transverse magnetic and transverse electric polarizations of incident light. By varying the refractive index of surrounding analytes, the sensor’s sensitivity and Figure of Merit (FOM) are studied. The sensitivities of the three resonance peaks are 0.59, 1.19, and 1.38 THz/RIU, with corresponding FOM values of 2.57, 3.40, and 6.58, respectively. Furthermore, the feasibility and effectiveness of the designed sensor in practical applications are verified by testing five types of samples. These findings indicate that the proposed sensor has superior performance in sensitivity and selectivity, which makes it have a great potential for applications in the fields of material characterization, environmental monitoring, and biomedicine detection in the terahertz band.
Driver at 10 MJ and 1 shot/30 min for inertial confinement fusion at high gain: Efficient, compact, low-cost, low laser–plasma instabilities, beam color selectable from 2ω/3ω/4ω, applicable to multiple laser fusion schemes
Authors: Sui Zhan , Lan Ke
Published: June 2024

The achievement of ignition at the National Ignition Facility (NIF) has prompted a global wave of further research on inertial fusion energy (IFE). However, IFE requires a target gain G of 30–100, and it is hard to achieve fusion at such high gain with the energy, configuration, and technical approach of the NIF. Here, we present a conceptual design for a next-generation laser driver that is applicable to multiple laser fusion schemes and provides 10 MJ, 2–3 PW at 3ω (or 2ω, in which case the energy and power can be higher), and one shot per 30 min, with the aim of achieving G > 30. It is also efficient, compact, and low in cost, and it has low susceptibility to laser–plasma instabilities.
The mechanical properties of bettong and potoroo foods
Authors: Mitchell D. Rex , Ledogar Justin A. , Andrew Damien , Mathewson Ian , Weisbecker Vera , Vernes Karl
Published: June 2024

Potoroid marsupials (bettongs and potoroos of the family Potoroidae) are considered ecosystem engineers because of the roles they play in maintaining biodiversity. However, severe declines since European arrival have necessitated intense conservation efforts. Vital to these efforts is an understanding of the physical challenges that define their niches. The mechanical properties of their foods, such as toughness and stiffness, represent a physical interface with the environment that can contribute to quantitatively defining their niches. Here, we provide mechanical property data from wild bettong and potoroo foods, such as roots and tubers, fruit, fungi, invertebrates, seeds, and leaves. Toughness ranged from approximately 56.58 J/m2 (fungal sporocarp of Descolea sp.) to 2568.15 J/m2 (tubers of the blue yam, Brunoniella australis). Similarly, stiffness of the wild foods ranged from 1.15 MPa for Descolea sp. to 30.4 MPa for B. australis. However, the mechanical demands of accessing the kernels from within the shells (testae) of sandalwood and quandong (Santalum spp.) seeds far exceed measurements of any foods tested. We also tested some farmed foods, alongside inclusion of data from previous studies. Taken together, these data can also improve selection of comparable foods in designing diets for potoroids, and other species, in captivity.
A druggable cascade links methionine metabolism to epigenomic reprogramming in squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Nam Chehyun , Li Li-Yan , Yang Qian , Ziman Benjamin , Zhao Hua , Hu Boyan , Collet Casey , Jing Pei , Lei Qifang , Xu Li-Yan , Li En-Min , Koeffler H. Phillip , Sinha Uttam K. , Lin De-Chen
Published: June 2024

Upper aerodigestive squamous cell carcinoma (UASCC) is a common and aggressive malignancy with few effective therapeutic options. Here, we investigate amino acid metabolism in this cancer, surprisingly noting that UASCC exhibits the highest methionine level across all human cancers, driven by its transporter LAT1. We show that LAT1 is also expressed at the highest level in UASCC, transcriptionally activated by UASCC-specific promoter and enhancers, which are directly coregulated by SCC master regulators TP63/KLF5/SREBF1. Unexpectedly, unbiased bioinformatic screen identifies EZH2 as the most significant target downstream of the LAT1-methionine pathway, directly linking methionine metabolism to epigenomic reprogramming. Importantly, this cascade is indispensable for the survival and proliferation of UASCC patient-derived tumor organoids. In addition, LAT1 expression is closely associated with cellular sensitivity to inhibition of the LAT1-methionine-EZH2 axis. Notably, this unique LAT1-methionine-EZH2 cascade can be targeted effectively by either pharmacological approaches or dietary intervention in vivo. In summary, this work maps a unique mechanistic cross talk between epigenomic reprogramming with methionine metabolism, establishes its biological significance in the biology of UASCC, and identifies a unique tumor-specific vulnerability which can be exploited both pharmacologically and dietarily.
Induced magneto-conductivity in a two-nodeWeyl semimetal under Gaussian random disorder
Authors: Xu 徐 Chuanxiong 川雄 , Yu 于 Haoping 昊平 , Zhou 周 Mei 梅 , Ji 吉 Xuanting 轩廷
Published: June 2024

Measuring the magneto-conductivity induced from impurities may help determine the impurity distribution and reveal the structure of a Weyl semimetal sample. To verify this, we utilize the Gaussian random disorder to simulate charged impurities in a two-node Weyl semimetal model and investigate the impact of charged impurities on magneto-conductivity in Weyl semimetals. We first compute the longitudinal magnetic conductivity and find that it is positive and increases proportionally with the parameter governing the Gaussian distribution of charged impurities, suggesting the presence of negative longitudinal magneto-resistivity. Then we consider both the intra-valley and inter-valley scattering processes to calculate the induced transverse magneto-conductivity in the model. Our findings indicate that both inter-valley and intra-valley scattering processes play important roles in the transverse magneto-conductivity. The locations of Weyl nodes can also be determined by magneto-conductivity measurements. This is possible if the magnetic field strength and the density of charged impurities are known. Alternatively, the measurement of magnetic conductivity may reveal the distribution of charged impurities in a given sample once the locations of the Weyl nodes have been determined. These findings can aid in detecting the structure of a Weyl semimetal sample, enhancing comprehension of magnetotransport in Weyl semimetals and promoting the development of valley electronics.
Data-driven models in fusion exhaust: AI methods and perspectives
Authors: Wiesen S. , Dasbach S. , Kit A. , Jaervinen A.E. , Gillgren A. , Ho A. , Panera A. , Reiser D. , Brenzke M. , Poels Y. , Westerhof E. , Menkovski V. , Derks G.F. , Strand P.
Published: June 2024

A review is given on the highlights of a scatter-shot approach of developing machine-learning methods and artificial neural networks based fast predictors for the application to fusion exhaust. The aim is to enable and facilitate optimized and improved modeling allowing more flexible integration of physics models in the light of extrapolations towards future fusion devices. The project encompasses various research objectives: (a) developments of surrogate model predictors for power & particle exhaust in fusion power plants; (b) assessments of surrogate models for time-dependent phenomena in the plasma-edge; (c) feasibility studies of micro–macro model discovery for plasma-facing components surface morphology & durability; and (d) enhancements of pedestal models & databases through interpolators and generators exploiting uncertainty quantification. Presented results demonstrate useful applications for machine-learning and artificial intelligence in fusion exhaust modeling schemes, enabling an unprecedented combination of both fast and accurate simulation.
The effects of common reservoirs on the performance of a quantum refrigerator
Authors: Liu Yue , Yan Wei-Bin , Xia Yun-Jie , Man Zhong-Xiao
Published: June 2024

In this work, we study and find that the performance of an autonomous refrigerator can be improved by means of collective dissipations of common reservoirs. The refrigerator is based on a four-level system with two degenerate levels, coupled to three thermal reservoirs with different temperatures. Our study reveals that utilizing only one common reservoir can not significantly enhance the refrigerator’s performance. However, when two reservoirs are shared simultaneously, the performance improvement becomes more evident. Furthermore, we find that the refrigerator’s performance can be further enhanced by operating in a regime where the decoherence-free subspace is present. Our results indicate that careful engineering is essential to maximize the benefits of common reservoirs in enhancing the performance of quantum thermal machines.
Switchable image displays in tri-channel phase-change metasurfaces
Authors: Wang Bo , Li Yifan , Cui Yilong , Xiang Chenxuan , Guo Kenan , Xiao Shuyuan , Liu Tingting
Published: June 2024

Optical metasurfaces enable to manipulate light fields across multiple physical dimensions, significantly enhancing information density, security, and system integration. Here, we propose a general platform of multi-functional phase-change metasurfaces for dynamic image displays in the visible range, enabled by active manipulation of optical spectrum, amplitude, and phase, leading to threefold dynamic exhibition functions. Through elaborately encoding the tri-channel information using a single-cell metasurface composed of

Sb
2

S
3

nanobricks, three distinct functions are integrated and the flexibility of dynamic switch is allowed. Leveraging the tunable properties of

Sb
2

S
3

between amorphous and crystalline states, the switchable displays are realized, including a structural-color image, and grayscale and holographic images with independent-encryption polarization freedom. The proposed metasurfaces open new avenues in multi-functional meta-devices for optical storage, displays, and security applications.
An EPR study of point defects in zinc oxide thin films
Authors: Heydari Jinan Fadel Mohammad Ali , Yükselici Mehmet Hikmet
Published: June 2024

We studied ZnO thin films deposited on glass slides by thermal evaporation in vacuum followed by heat treatment in open air or Ar flow. The samples were characterized using x-ray diffraction, Raman scattering, photoluminescence (PL), and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy. We observed a broad PL band in the visible region at spectral positions of 504 and 560 nm and a low-intensity band in the UV region at 390 nm. The EPR spectra display a clear first derivative structure at

g
=
1.96

at temperatures below 200 K. The PL spectrum shows red-shifted valence to conduction band emission due to electron hole recombination through shallow surface states. We found an activation energy of E

a
= 4.2 meV using the Arrhenius plot and estimated concentrations of paramagnetic defects and spin–spin relaxation time constants of 1016 m−3 and 10–14 s, respectively.
Multi-qubit dynamical decoupling for enhanced crosstalk suppression
Authors: Niu Siyuan , Todri-Sanial Aida , Bronn Nicholas T
Published: June 2024

Dynamical decoupling (DD) is one of the simplest error suppression methods, aiming to enhance the coherence of qubits in open quantum systems. Moreover, DD has demonstrated effectiveness in reducing coherent crosstalk, one major error source in near-term quantum hardware, which manifests from two types of interactions. Static crosstalk exists in various hardware platforms, including superconductor and semiconductor qubits, by virtue of always-on qubit-qubit coupling. Additionally, driven crosstalk may occur as an unwanted drive term due to leakage from driven gates on other qubits. Here we explore a novel staggered DD protocol tailored for multi-qubit systems that suppresses the decoherence error and both types of coherent crosstalk. We develop two experimental setups—an ‘idle–idle’ experiment in which two pairs of qubits undergo free evolution simultaneously and a ‘driven-idle’ experiment in which one pair is continuously driven during the free evolution of the other pair. These experiments are performed on an IBM Quantum superconducting processor and demonstrate the significant impact of the staggered DD protocol in suppressing both types of coherent crosstalk. When compared to the standard DD sequences from state-of-the-art methodologies with the application of X2 sequences, our staggered DD protocol enhances circuit fidelity by 19.7% and 8.5%, respectively, in addressing these two crosstalk types.
Economic and environmental assessment of the Korea urban railway and its greenhouse gas mitigation potential
Authors: Jeong Wonwoo , Park HyeMin
Published: June 2024

Railways can simultaneously transport large quantities of freight and passengers, making them energy-efficient and economical modes of transportation. Changing the materials that constitute a significant portion of rail track systems can help mitigate climate change. Gravel and concrete trackbed methods are commonly employed in railway construction. This study proposes the utilization of the asphalt concrete trackbed method, which is currently being researched and developed in South Korea, in addition to traditional gravel and cement concrete methods, and presents its economic feasibility and environmental benefits. The asphalt concrete trackbed method, which has already been implemented in regions such as China, Australia, and Europe, can also be applied in other areas. This study analyzed the carbon emissions and economic feasibility in the construction, usage, and disposal stages of cement concrete and asphalt concrete trackbeds. Previous research on carbon emissions analysis has faced challenges in applying geographical and climatic, as well as energy sources, to individual cases in the context of construction in Korea. Using the Korean Life Cycle Inventory database, this study indicated that asphalt concrete exhibits approximately 2.65-times lower carbon emissions than cement concrete. In Korea, railway construction involves 1,998 tons of asphalt concrete mixture, 1,820 cubic meters of cement concrete, and 59 tons of rebar per kilometer. Furthermore, the asphalt concrete trackbed method shows potential cost savings of approximately 29,000 EUR when converted to the 2021 EAU value. Thus, asphalt concrete trackbeds not only provide environmental benefits, they are also economically viable. However, further research is required to establish precise standards for on-site construction. This study is expected to provide foundational data for promoting the widespread adoption of asphalt concrete trackbeds in areas that produce asphalt concrete.