bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Communication Practitioners’ Views on Transparency and Its Impact in Finnish Companies
Authors: Koskela Merja , Enell-Nilsson Mona , Hjerppe Cecilia
Published: November 2024

Transparency is a universally accepted communication principle for companies in the 2020’s globalized world. Transparency is considered beneficial because it increases trust among stakeholders, and trust is crucial for the functioning of society and the economy. At the organizational level, transparency is manifested in company policies and practices, as well as in the work of those in charge of communication. Through a qualitative interview study, this article analyzes how communication practitioners working in large Finnish companies view transparency. The analysis shows that while communication practitioners across different companies have common narratives through which an ideal understanding of transparency is produced, they also recognize and address critical tensions between the ideal and practice. The tensions are often connected to regulation: while compliance with rules is highly valued, it is also seen as a resource-intensive and restricting factor, both from business and communication perspectives. Our findings indicate that the cultural ideal of transparency is supported through a shared commitment and sense-making in relevant expert communities and within the companies. The communication practitioners’ commitment also emerges as crucial when they balance between sustaining the transparency ideal and considering the interests and demands of stakeholders and businesses.
Informal Leadership: An Integrative View and Future Research
Authors: Leino Tiina
Published: November 2024

This article presents an integrative view of informal leadership (IL), leadership action and influence without a designated power position, through a systematic literature review. IL contributes to the new ways of organizing work, and it has received increasing interdisciplinary research attention in the last two decades along with the rise of a multi-level approach to leadership research. The integrative view displays IL being entwined around knowledge, change-orientation, action, communication, group, and influence. Findings suggest that IL is beneficial, for example, to group efficacy, productivity, and social relations. Cross-cutting meta-themes are proposed, i.e. shared meaning, volunteering, granted by others, and organizational (in)visibility. Issues related to formal leadership and power seem to have a significant and understudied impact on informal leadership. Considering the interplay between formal, informal, and collectivistic leadership, the power shift is an elemental feature to be explored. Several suggestions for future research are made, for example on the processuality, temporality, and impact of IL. Informal leadership is demonstrated to be a key element in resolving the knots of leadership in the transformation of work. Informal leadership and collectivistic forms of leadership can contribute significantly to seeking solutions in renewing leadership in organizations and guiding them towards responsibility.
Ilmastonmuutokseen sopeutumisesta viestiminen suurelle yleisölle: Kirjallisuuskatsaus sopeutumisviestinnän haasteista ja mahdollisuuksista
Authors: Perälä Annu
Published: November 2024

The global climate is changing rapidly, making climate change adaptation –alongside mitigation– an inevitable part of the solution to the crisis. Consequently, the societal need to communicate on climate change adaptation is also increasing, and so, in this integrative literature review, I identify the current challenges and opportunities of adaptation communication. In the first section, I present the existing landscape of climate communication research and position adaptation communication as a sub-branch of this tradition, sharing both its practice-oriented nature and its goal to find the most effective ways of communicating climate change. The review follows a classic approach by identifying the challenges and opportunities of emerging adaptation communication which are understood both to share some of the central characteristics of general climate communication and to have their own distinct features. The communicative challenges and opportunities found in the selected articles (n=106) were categorized across six thematical dimensions, namely 1) novel adaptation; 2) local adaptation; 3) adaptation as resignation; 4) economic rational adaptation; 5) adaptation as risk preparedness; and 6) adaptation as transformation.
Yritysten joukkorahoituskutsut genrehybrideinä koronapandemian ja Ukrainan sodan aikana
Authors: Eronen-Valli Maria
Published: November 2024

Crowdfunding campaigns are a form of digital fundraising in which anyone can participate as a supporter (backer). The central genre of crowdfunding is campaign call, that is, a fundraising-oriented pitch published on a crowdfunding platform. This study focuses on crowdfunding campaign calls in times of two world-wide crises: Ukrainian war and Covid pandemic. The aim of the study is to find out what kinds of hybrid genres crisis-contextualized crowdfunding campaign calls are. The material of the study consists of 67 successful business-oriented campaign calls, 27 of which are from Ukrainian companies fundraising on Kickstarter during the Ukrainian war, while 20 Mesenaatti campaign calls belong to Finnish and 20 Indiegogo calls mainly to U.S. companies suffering from the Covid pandemic. The study utilizes Rhetorical Genre Studies (RGS) and approaches crowdfunding campaign calls as mixtures or combinations of characteristics from several genres. The study discusses the five most typical genres found in the data: 1) entrepreneurial narrative, 2) advertisement, 3) conditions of contract and delivery, 4) project plan, and 5) political statement. The results indicate that in times of societal crises, crowdfunding campaign calls mix emotion-evoking storytelling and political stance-taking with more rational types, such as product information (a type of advertising) and project plan.
Mot en hållbar utveckling för meningsfull användning av flera språk nationellt? Ungas uppfattningar om en- och flerspråkighet vid kommunikation i Finland och Sverige
Authors: Heittola Sanna , Björklund Siv
Published: November 2024

In this article, we study how language majority and minority youth (Finnish-, Swedish- and Sami-speaking youth) in Finland and Sweden perceive the possibility to use languages in their countries. Our theoretical underpinnings are inspired by language policy and language ecology with a special focus on possible impacts of national language policy on language ideologies and language praxis circulating in increasingly multilingual societies. The results show that several statistically significant differences can be revealed between the youth from different countries and with different first languages. The differences indicate that national policy seems to have an effect on language ideologies among the participants. Nevertheless, the youth shares a common belief of the importance of multilingualism even if they recognize the practical challenges that people who cannot use the majority language of the country can face. Language is perceived not only as a medium for communication but also as an important part of the individual’s identity and culture. The result of this study shows that the youth perceives the use of different languages in their country of residence as self-evident.
Språkanvändning och språkval i undervisningen av svenska som det andra inhemska språket: läraruppfattningar om språklig praxis i tre olika lärokurser
Authors: Heittola Sanna , Björklund Siv , Henricson Sofie
Published: November 2024

In this article, we focus on the language practices of teaching Swedish as second national language in Finnish-medium primary schools. We examine teacher perceptions of the linguistic repertoires of the student group as well as of language use and language choices in the classroom. The analysis is based on interviews with teachers of different Swedish syllabi. The results show that some Swedish teachers see their students and groups as monolingual, while others both see and strive to acknowledge the students’
multilingualism. In general, the Swedish teachers consider themselves aware of the students' linguistic backgrounds. The study further shows that there is variation in the use and dominance of individual languages in Swedish teaching, with focus on Swedish and Finnish, and that there are differences in how teachers perceive language use and language choice between the different actors in the classroom. These differences are related to the characteristics of the three syllabi and divergences in the local linguistic
contexts. Although all teachers who participated in this study teach the subject of Swedish as second national language, their descriptions of the language practices varied in terms of language choices and multilingualism in the classroom. The pattern that emerges is that communication in the classroom according to the teachers is more Swedish-dominated in the native-level Swedish syllabus whereasthe classroom in the B1-Swedish syllabus is more Finnish-dominated. The linguistic practices in A-Swedish classrooms move between these two alternatives. The study gives insight to the de facto language policy of the classroom, which is of central importance for the possibility of enhancing a language pedagogy in accordance with today’s approach to language teaching and multilingualism.
Research on the Talent Cultivation System of Erhu Performance Major in Nanjing University of the Arts
Authors: Gu HuaiYan
Published: November 2024

The erhu performance major courses in Nanjing University of the Arts are the earliest undergraduate erhu major core courses established after the founding of the People's Republic of China. Now, it has a history of 72 years, and the disciplinary context has a long history. This paper conducts an in-depth analysis of the talent cultivation system of this course from five aspects: the situation of student sources, teaching reform and innovation, the design of practical teaching activities, teaching methods and case analysis, and teaching conditions.
KARADENİZ BÖLGESİ’NDEKİ COĞRAFİ İŞARETLİ GASTRONOMİK ÜRÜNLERİ KONU ALAN TEZLERİN BİBLİYOMETRİK İNCELEMESİ
Authors: Kazkondu İhsan , Gökyar Mustafa
Published: November 2024

Bu çalışmada Türkiye'deki coğrafi işaretli gastronomik ürünler literatürüne odaklanarak Karadeniz Bölgesi'ndeki coğrafi işaretli ürünleri konu alan tezler incelenmiştir. Çalışma kapsamında Ulusal Tez Merkezi veri tabanında 2003-2024 yılları arasında yayınlanmış ve erişime açık 48 tez çalışması incelenmiştir. Çalışma, Karadeniz Bölgesi'ndeki coğrafi işaretli gastronomik ürünler konusunda akademik tezlerin mevcut durumunu ve eğilimlerini anlamak amacıyla yapılmıştır. Nitel araştırma yöntemlerinden bibliyometrik analiz kullanılarak tezlerin şehirler, tescil türleri, ürün grubu, danışman unvanları, tez türleri, yayın yılları, üniversiteler, araştırma yöntemleri, veri toplama yöntemleri, anabilim dalları, atıf sayıları ve sayfa sayıları gibi çeşitli değişkenler açısından analizleri gerçekleştirilmiştir. Elde edilen bulgular, Karadeniz Bölgesi'ndeki coğrafi işaretli gastronomik ürünler alanındaki akademik çalışmaların belirli illerde ve alanlarda yoğunlaştığını, nicel yöntemlerin baskın olduğunu ve doktora düzeyinde çalışmaların sınırlı kaldığını göstermektedir. Sonuç olarak, coğrafi işaretli ürünler alanında daha fazla nitel ve karma yöntem kullanımı, doktora düzeyinde çalışmaların teşvik edilmesi, görünürlük ve etkinin artırılması, üniversiteler arası iş birliğinin güçlendirilmesi ve uygulamaya yönelik çalışmaların artırılması önerilmektedir.
An In-depth Exploration of Emerging Technologies and Ethical Considerations in Cross-border E-commerce: A Comprehensive Analysis of Privacy, Data Protection, Intellectual Property Rights, and Consumer Protection in the context of Bangladesh.
Authors: Sikder Abu Sayed , Allen Joe
Published: November 2024

This research study delves into the intricate intersection of emerging technologies and ethical considerations in the realm of cross-border e-commerce. With an aim to provide a comprehensive analysis, the research meticulously explores the dimensions of privacy, data protection, intellectual property rights, and consumer protection. By examining existing regulations and identifying gaps, this study sheds light on the ethical challenges that arise in cross-border e-commerce transactions. Drawing upon the multifaceted nature of information technology, the research evaluates the impact of emerging technologies on ethical practices in cross-border e-commerce. The research employs a qualitative research approach, encompassing a blend of document analysis, case studies, and interviews with industry experts. By delving into real-world examples and analyzing legal frameworks, this study aims to discern the complexities and nuances associated with privacy, data protection, intellectual property rights, and consumer protection in cross-border e-commerce. Through this comprehensive analysis, the research strives to identify gaps in the existing regulatory landscape and propose frameworks that can foster ethical practices in cross-border e-commerce. By amalgamating legal and technological perspectives, this study seeks to contribute to the ongoing dialogue on ethical considerations in the global marketplace.
Pedagogues’ participation in play as a pathway to inclusive environments
Authors: Hansen Janne Hedegaard , Skovbjerg Helle Marie , Sand Anne-Lene , Jensen Jens-Ole , Jørgensen Hanne Hede , Lieberoth Andreas
Published: November 2024

The aim of the paper is to present an analysis of empirical data combining theoretical concepts of play order and play practices (Schatzki 2001; Schmidt 1999; Author 2021, Author et al. 2022) with theory of inclusion and exclusion (Author 2012, 16; Author et al. 2018; Author et al. 2020; Author et al. 2022). Thus, the pedagogical challenge is to support all children to (be able to) participate in play by adapting to play orders and enabling the children to understand and unfold play practices. At the same time, pedagogues are responsible for ensuring access for all children, offering different kinds of play types and play designs over time, and contributing to the play orders.
The main contribution of the paper is the analytical finding that pedagogues’ participation in play is essential to removing barriers for children’s participation in play, and free play, understood as free from pedagogues, does not support inclusive strategies.
The paper includes examples of how pedagogues through participation in play support children in adapting to play orders and thus attaining the ability to play. Further, how pedagogues influence the play order to ensure access for all children and thereby develop a more inclusive pedagogical environment.
Umyślność jako znamię strony podmiotowej deliktu dopuszczenia do naruszenia zakazu porozumień ograniczających konkurencję
Authors:   Sygnity S.A., Dobosz Marta , Szewczyk Jarosław ,   Kancelaria RKKW – KWAŚNICKI, WRÓBEL & Partnerzy Radcowie Prawni i Adwokaci sp. k.
Published: November 2024

W przypadku stwierdzenia naruszenia przez przedsiębiorcę zakazu określonego w art. 6 ust. 1 pkt 1–6 ustawy o ochronie konkurencji i konsumentów lub w art. 101 ust. 1 lit. a–e Traktatu o funkcjonowaniu Unii Europejskiej (dalej: TFUE) odpowiedzialność ponosić może również osoba zarządzająca, która w ramach sprawowania swojej funkcji, w czasie trwania stwierdzonego naruszenia, umyślnie dopuściła przez swoje działanie lub zaniechanie do takiego naruszenia (zob. art. 6a uokik). W celu przypisania tej odpowiedzialności niezbędne jest wykazanie poszczególnych znamion przedmiotowego czynu. Od strony podmiotowej chodzi przede wszystkim o wykazanie umyślności dopuszczenia przez taką osobę do naruszenia konkretnego zakazu. W ustawie brakuje definicji umyślności. Może być ona rozumiana w różny sposób. Ważne jest jednak, aby rozumiana była w sposób prawidłowy. W większości przypadków, rozpatrywanych na gruncie art. 6a uokik, kluczem do przypisania odpowiedzialności będzie bowiem wykazanie przez Prezesa UOKiK umyślności działania lub zaniechania danej osoby zarządzającej. Istotne jest zatem przykładanie właściwej wagi do tego znamienia i dokonywanie wyczerpujących ustaleń faktycznych w tym zakresie.
Przeciwdziałanie praktykom dark patterns na przykładzie działań Prezesa Urzędu Ochrony Konkurencji i Konsumentów
Authors:   Wydział Prawa i Administracji, Uniwersytet Warszawski, Kazimierski Damian
Published: November 2024

Zakupy przez Internet stają się codziennością dla coraz większej grupy osób, a wiele aktywności przenosi się do sieci. Upowszechnienie możliwości załatwiania bieżących spraw online powoduje także podniesienie poziomu wiedzy o zachowaniach konsumentów na stronach internetowych i w aplikacjach mobilnych. Korzystając z doświadczenia psychologów kognitywnych i socjologów, właściciele witryn i projektanci graficzni coraz częściej wykorzystują określone socjotechniki by skłonić użytkowników do podjęcia działania zgodnego z wolą przedsiębiorcy. Stosowanie zwodniczych interfejsów (dark patterns) rodzi potrzebę zapobiegania ich skutkom, których ofiarami stają się konsumenci. Organy ochrony dysponują kilkoma narzędziami przeciwdziałania stosowaniu zwodniczych interfejsów – między innymi akcjami informacyjnymi skierowanymi do konsumentów i przedsiębiorców oraz zestawem kar za ich stosowanie. Artykuł porusza przytoczony temat na przykładzie Prezesa Urzędu Ochrony Konkurencji i Konsumentów i jego aparatu pomocniczego.
Disturbance Compensation in Discrete-Time Sliding Mode Control – A Comparative Study
Authors: Milosavljević Goran , Petronijević Milutin P.
Published: November 2024

This work is intended to compare three methods for disturbances estimation and compensation in discrete-time variable structure systems with sliding modes. All methods detect disturbance, which appear in control channel, with time delay of one sampling period. The first method is based on nominal discrete-time plant model and can be used in any type of discrete-time control systems. The second and the third methods detect disturbance by measurement of sliding function, and it is applicable in discrete-time sliding mode control systems only. The main task of this work is to check efficiency of the given methods in the presence of unmodeled inertial dynamics in actuators and position and velocity sensors of a positional servo system. It is shown that all three methods give near identical results in the nominal case, while the second and the third methods are superior in the presence of unmodelled dynamics. The third method introduces zig-zag motion in the nominal case. Results of research are illustrated by computer simulation of an example of positional servo system.
Inclusive AI Technologies and Discourses for Better DEIB and Organizational Outcomes
Authors: Nordtveit Fadia , Fraser Gary
Published: November 2024

Abstract Artificial Intelligence (AI) has transformed the way we work, and as technology continues to outpace workplace management, this is a call-for-action to global organizations to re-evaluate their discourses, strategies and operations on diversity, equity, inclusion and belonging (DEIB) frameworks that can potentially help solve organizational challenges and increase their productivity. Global workforces are not yet meaningfully trained in understanding the extent to which AI can impact their careers as well as ethical issues such as fairness, equity, accountability, and governance (Hauer 2022; Polyportis and Pahos 2024). What makes this scenario even more murky is the lack of opportunities available for non-specialist training in AI for workplace management. This lack of transparency and knowledge around the discourses and workings of AI, if left unexamined, could lead to the deterioration of workplace DEIB initiatives. The inherent clarity and commitment of DEIB to improve the lives of all people and organizations can be used as guidance towards building inclusive AI technologies and positive discourses around an inclusive AI. As a technologically dependent society, we have to do better to create more humane and ethical technologies that serve those who have access to less education, privileges, opportunities than us. We need to create continuous and consistent governance systems to oversee the development of inclusive AI and monitor its use. Guiding the development of inclusive AI technologies and discourses using DEIB frames holds the potential of creating powerful, transformative processes where humans and technology can interface and collaborate to bring forth positive outcomes for people, organizations and societies.
The Construction of Equality vs. Equity and Its (Un)Transparent Communication. A Corpus-Based Analysis of ESG Communication in the Car Transportation Sector
Authors: Zaupa Federico
Published: November 2024

Abstract Studies across various disciplines have shown that, although they sound similar, there is significant difference in the meanings of the words equality and equity. However, no research has been conducted on the linguistic and discursive construction of these two concepts, especially in Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) and Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) disclosures, which are increasingly used by companies to show their commitment to these issues. In light of this, the primary objective of this study is to assess the usage of equity and equality in ESG communication, comparing it with their usage in a general English corpus. Additionally, the study aims to evaluate the transparency of companies’ communication regarding their commitment and approach to equality and/or equity. Through a synchronic corpus-based analysis of a pilot corpus of ESG reports from companies operating in the sectors of car rental and ride sharing, followed by a comparison with the enTenTen21 Corpus, this paper provides insights into the linguistic profiles of the two words and the communication strategies in both contexts. The findings attempt at contributing to an updated linguistic definition of the distinction between equity and equality that is still lacking in the literature.
Automatic distractor generation in multiple-choice questions: a systematic literature review
Authors: Awalurahman Halim Wildan , Budi Indra
Published: November 2024

Background

Multiple-choice questions (MCQs) are one of the most used assessment formats. However, creating MCQs is a challenging task, particularly when formulating the distractor. Numerous studies have proposed automatic distractor generation. However, there has been no literature review to summarize and present the current state of research in this field. This study aims to perform a systematic literature review to identify trends and the state of the art of automatic distractor generation studies.

Methodology

We conducted a systematic literature following the Kitchenham framework. The relevant literature was retrieved from the ACM Digital Library, IEEE Xplore, Science Direct, and Scopus databases.

Results

A total of 60 relevant studies from 2009 to 2024 were identified and extracted to answer three research questions regarding the data sources, methods, types of questions, evaluation, languages, and domains used in the automatic distractor generation research. The results of the study indicated that automatic distractor generation has been growing with improvement and expansion in many aspects. Furthermore, trends and the state of the art in this topic were observed.

Conclusions

Nevertheless, we identified potential research gaps, including the need to explore further data sources, methods, languages, and domains. This study can serve as a reference for future studies proposing research within the field of automatic distractor generation.
Characteristics and development of steepland gullies in the dry valleys of Southwest China
Authors: Cui Tingting , He Yuli , Wang Lei , Luo Jun , Xiao Ting , Liu Hui , Zhang Bin , Deng Qingchun , Yang Haiqing
Published: November 2024

In semi-arid and arid areas, gully erosion is one of the most destructive forms of erosion and causes serious land degradation and resource destruction. Steepland gullies are widely distributed in the dry valleys of southwest China, and their formation is one of the main causes of soil erosion and the destruction of sloping farmland in the region. Previous research on the development of steepland gullies is limited, and further study is needed. In this study, 11 steepland gullies at various stages of development located in Guobu Village, Xide County, Liangshan, Sichuan Province, were selected for investigation using a digital elevation model (DEM) derived from unmanned aerial vehicle data as the primary data source. These data had a spatial resolution of 0.1 m. Fundamental parameters such as the gully length, width, depth, area, and volume were extracted from the remote sensing data. Other characteristic parameters, including the coefficient of main and tributary gullies, vertical gradient, gully elongation, and gully openness, were also investigated. The results indicate a significant linear positive correlation between the gully’s degree of openness and elongation as the gully’s length, width, and depth increase. Furthermore, the vertical gradient and coefficient of main and tributary gullies exhibit power-law relationships with these gully dimensions. The development of steepland gullies was divided into infancy, youth, maturity, and old age based on the use of the gully length as an ergodic indicator in space-for-time substitution. The morphological characteristics of these different stages were quantitatively analyzed, and a proposed mechanism for how the evolution of the gullies proceeds was developed. An empirical model of volume–length erosion was established to investigate the development process of steepland gullies in the dry valleys. It has been observed that the development law of steepland gullies is essentially consistent with the very active stage of typical gully formation, suggesting that steepland gully may represent the initial stage of gully development. The results show that these steepland gullies have their origin in high-intensity rainfall events that are accompanied by the formation of steps and drop water. The effects of gravity erosion and hydraulic erosion then cause the gullies to expand rapidly, forming gullies with a large head and a small tail before they gradually stabilize. The results of this study will help with the understanding of the formation and evolution of steepland gullies and will be of practical significance for the prevention of gully erosion and the protection of sloping farmland in the dry valley region of southwest China.
Anti-inflammatory role of low-intensity pulsed ultrasound in inhibiting lipopolysaccharide-induced M1 polarization of RAW264.7 cells via Wnt2b/AXIN/β-catenin
Authors: Yin Juan , Bao Yu , Xu Minxin , Li Ping , Zhang Zhipeng , Xue Hui , Yang Xing
Published: November 2024

Background

Low-intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) is a special type of low-intensity ultrasound. In periodontal disease, LIPUS is applied as an adjuvant and non-invasive treatment. It has been reported that LIPUS significantly shifts the macrophage phenotype from M1 to M2, but the specific mechanism behind this shift is still unknown.

Methods

RAW264.7 cells were induced to M1/M2 polarization with lipopolysaccharide (LPS)/interleukin-4 (IL4). LIPUS was performed for 25 min two times, 24 h apart, at an intensity of 45 mW/cm2 to stimulate RAW264.7 cells. PolyA mRNA sequencing was conducted of both the LPS-induced RAW264.7 cells and the LPS-induced RAW264.7 cells with LIPUS treatment. The expression of Wnt2b in RAW264.7 cells was downregulated by siRNA. The macrophage surface markers and downstream inflammatory cytokines were detected using flow cytometry. The relative expression of proteins in the Wnt2b/AXIN/β-catenin pathway was assessed using reverse transcription real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and Western blot.

Results

LIPUS reversed the M1 polarization of RAW264.7 cells, with decreased expression of CD80 and CD86. In addition, LIPUS enhanced the M2 polarization of RAW264.7 cells, with upregulated expression of CD163 and CD206. The polyA mRNA sequencing results indicated that the Wnt signaling pathway participated in the M1 polarization of LIPUS-treated RAW264.7. The results of the RT-qPCR showed a higher expression of Wnt2b in LIPUS-treated and M1- or M2-polarized RAW264.7 cells. Knocking down Wnt2b was shown to reverse the inhibitory effect of LIPUS on M1 polarization and increase the expression of CD80 and CD86. Wnt2b knockdown also regulated downstream AXIN, β-catenin, and inflammatory factors such as tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) and interleukin-6 (IL6).

Conclusions

LIPUS plays an anti-inflammatory role by inhibiting LPS-induced M1 polarization of RAW264.7 cells in a Wnt2b/AXIN/β-catenin-dependent way. LIPUS may play a therapeutic role in periodontal diseases by inhibiting inflammation through the regulation of macrophage differentiation.
La apropiación de la política de desegregación del sistema escolar chileno :
un estudio acerca de las respuestas de las familias de clases medias ante la ley
de inclusión escolar
Authors:   , Hernández Vejar Macarena
Published: November 2024

Esta tesis tiene por objetivo general comprender el proceso de apropiación
de las familias de clases medias de la Ley de Inclusión Escolar -promulgada el
año 2015 en Chile- y sus implicancias para la desegregación del sistema escolar.
Para ello, la investigación se apoya en los análisis culturales de las clases
sociales en educación, las tendencias emergentes en la sociología de la
educación acerca de las estrategias educativas de las clases medias, y la
literatura acumulada de las respuestas de las familias a las politicas de
desegregacion escolar. El diseño metodológico del estudio combinó la elaboración
de un acabado estado del arte del tema de investigación y una indagación
cualitativa en tres escuelas particulares-subvencionadas de Punta Arenas. Los
resultados se presentan en tres artículos. La primera publicación forma parte de
la elaboración del estado del arte del estudio y consiste en una revisión
sistemática de la literatura de las elecciones contra-intuitivas de escuela de
las familias de las clases medias, incluyendo sus prácticas de respuesta ante la
mixtura sociocultural en el espacio escolar y las consecuencias para los centros
educativos de este proceso. El segundo artículo recoge parte de los hallazgos
empíricos de la investigación y se centra en las interpretaciones de las
familias de clases medias ‘electoras’ acerca del nuevo sistema de admisión
escolar y su propósito de desegregar el sistema educativo. Por último, el tercer
manuscrito se focaliza en las respuestas de las familias de clases medias
‘antiguas’ de las escuelas ante la reforma y aborda tanto las interpretaciones y
prácticas de los apoderados ante su implementación como el rol de las
instituciones educativas en la apropiación de la política de parte de la
comunidad escolar. El trabajo se cierra con una lectura integrada de los
resultados presentados en las publicaciones, relevando i) las fuerzas
socioculturales y políticas que subyacen a la traducción de la reforma como una
amenaza para las clases medias, ii) los sutiles matices y la ambivalencia con la
cual la reforma está siendo aprehendida por las familias, iii) la
intensificación de las fronteras simbólicas y el empuje a la segregación
intra-escuela con la cual ésta está siendo enfrentada por los apoderados dentro
de las escuelas, y iv) el papel hasta ahora incipiente de las instituciones
educativas en el abordaje de las aprensiones y tensiones generadas por la
política en las comunidades escolares. En base a estos hallazgos, se discute la
contribución académica del estudio, sus implicancias para la política educativa,
y sus límites y proyecciones futuras.
An open underwater hyperspectral imaging framework and dataset for scientific research
Authors:   ,   Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile. Escuela de Ingeniería, Eterovich Barra Francisco Ignacio
Published: November 2024

Las Imágenes Hiperespectrales Submarinas son un campo emergente, respaldado por la aparición de nuevas cámaras hiperespectrales de bajo costo y código abierto. Su relevancia reside en el potencial para mejorar nuestra comprensión de ecosistemas marinos mediante más de cien imágenes de corta longitud de onda por experimento. Sin embargo, la escasez de datos públicos y una respectiva estructura de manejo de datos presenta un desafío único. Este estudio presenta un nuevo conjunto de datos de 153 experimentos: 55 en aire y 98 submarinos, que capturan imágenes (RGB, estéreo e hiperespectrales) y datos de espectrómetro de objetivos de calibración, así como también de especímenes marinos vivos e inertes. Adicionalmente, examina el rendimiento de una cámara hiperespectral de bajo costo con respecto a sensores calibrados, ensamblados en una configuración conjunta dentro de una botella diseñada e integrada para realizar mapeos submarinos. Esta investigación se enfoca en la colección y análisis del conjunto de datos obtenidos, incluyendo toda la estructura de manejo, visualización y extracción de datos recogidos de la experimentación en laboratorio. Se presentan y discuten distorsiones en la cámara hiperespectral: su rendimiento muestra ligeras discrepancias en mediciones de intensidades espectrales en comparación con un espectrómetro, y distorsiones geométricas en relación con cámaras RGB. Este trabajo allana el camino para refinar las metodologías de estudio y futura integración de algoritmos de clasificación, que pueden potencialmente ser usados en el mapeo de ambientes submarinos. En esencia, subraya la capacidad que presentan las cámaras hiperespectrales de bajo costo como herramientas útiles para entender ecosistemas submarinos complejos, ofreciendo mayor cantidad de datos con respecto a sensores tradicionales, aumentando los conocimientos existentes y estableciendo las bases para futuras investigaciones.
Análisis de los desafíos presentes para el desarrollo de la salud pública de
precisión en Chile
Authors:   , Tapia Sandoval Natalia Rosana
Published: November 2024

La medicina de presión posee un potencial incalculable de transformación del
saber. En salud, el conocimiento genético ha promovido acciones individuales y
poblacionales. El nuevo abordaje epidemiológico, que significa la salud pública
de precisión, plantea la posibilidad de incorporar los hallazgos de la ciencia
genómica a la práctica de la salud pública generando mejoras en el diagnóstico,
la prevención y el control de las enfermedades no trasmisibles. A partir de
esto, se trazó como objetivo analizar el estado de la salud pública de precisión
en Chile y los desafíos para su implementación nacional. Primero se realizó una
revisión de la literatura de tipo narrativa centrada en la búsqueda de la
evidencia existente del desarrollo de la salud pública de precisión y de las
políticas públicas pertenecientes al área. Aplicando luego el método de análisis
comparado de políticas de tipo cualitativo de abstracción media a través de 6
dominios diferentes. En los cuales se exhiben a Chile con un bajo nivel de
desarrollo en la mitad de los dominios evaluados, mientras que el restante
presenta nulos avances. A partir de estos se centró la discusión en cuáles son
los desafíos de la implementación de la salud pública de precisión en Chile.
Escala de aceitação e uso de plataformas digitais de gestão pública - EACUP: uma análise baseada no modelo UTAUT no contexto do governo digital
Authors: Martins Cláudia de souza Ferreira , Alves Lynn Rosalina Gama
Published: November 2024

A transformação digital impulsionou a adoção de sistemas e plataformas digitais na gestão pública. Apesar do caráter frequentemente compulsório, a aceitação e o uso dessas plataformas impactam diretamente os resultados da gestão e na qualidade de vida da população. Este estudo visa compreender as interações entre indivíduos e plataformas digitais de gestão pública, propondo a Escala de Aceitação e Uso de Plataformas Digitais de Gestão Pública (EACUP). Fundamentado na Teoria Unificada de Aceitação e Uso de Tecnologia (UTAUT), testou-se a EACUP em uma instituição de Ciência e Tecnologia, a Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. A análise fatorial e inferencial permitiu identificar os fatores que influenciam a aceitação e o uso das plataformas. O modelo preditivo identificou dois fatores principais: Segurança e Responsabilidade Digital e Frequência de Uso das Plataformas Digitais. A análise fatorial revelou a dependência do segundo fator em relação ao primeiro. A aceitação e o uso dependem da percepção de benefícios para o trabalho, a instituição e a sociedade, superando a importância da acessibilidade e da segurança. A EACUP comprovou ser um instrumento confiável para avaliar a aceitação e o uso de plataformas digitais de gestão pública. Como a pesquisa se limita a uma instituição de Ciência e Tecnologia, a ampliação da amostra para outras instituições pode aumentar a confiabilidade da EACUP como indicador de inclusão de novas plataformas e aprimorar a gestão pública. Este estudo contribui para a compreensão da dinâmica da aceitação e do uso de plataformas digitais de gestão pública na era do governo digital.
Comprehensive Assessment of Soil Erosion using USLE and Sustainable Management Strategies
Authors: Choorappulakkal Jasmal , Jaglan Prashant , Kaushal Shilpa , Shubham
Published: November 2024

Continuous soil erosion from all parts of world through water and winds have become a severe concerns for soil scientists and geologists due to its adverse effect on soil productivity, water bodies siltation and deterioration of water quality. Therefore, it becomes most important to locate erosion-prone regions of any landscape and take the best measures to solve the issues of erosion. USLE and its modified models i.e. RUSLE (Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation) versions and MUSLE (Modified Universal Soil Loss Equation) are most commonly used for estimation of soil erosion. In India, soil erosion is a major serious concern which varies in its intensity depending on the country's different agro-climatic zones. USLE as well known model for evaluating soil deterioration is used in this review to provide an understanding of its parameters and how this approach is useful in soil erosion assessment. In addition, an overview of the current situation of erosion status in India which is being altered by regional variations like climate and land uses. Literature also dictates and discusses the potential advantages of better erosion control approaches, such as increased agricultural output and long-term land sustainability and looks at what might be possible in the future if the things get managed. The study also looks at crop selection and land use systems, emphasizing how crucial it is to choose crops that are suitable for the land vulnerability to erosion in order to prevent the further deterioration. Lastly, it emphasize on a thorough explanation of the USLE's parameters which are essential for precise erosion prediction including slope factors, soil erodibility, rainfall erosivity and conservation techniques. The study summarizes the knowledge on soil erosion in India and the necessity of customized, area-specific soil conservation plans to guarantee long-term agricultural outputs and sustainable agricultural goals.
Influence of Democratic Leadership Style on Teachers’ Performance in 12 Year-Basic Education in Nyaruguru District, Rwanda
Authors: Uwamahoro Bruce , Shavega Theresia J. , Maulid Maulid J.
Published: November 2024

Numerous studies have found that democratic leadership style is commonly applied in Rwanda schools. However, less is known about its influence on teachers’ performance in 12 year-basic education. This article intends to investigate the influence of democratic leadership style on teachers’ performance in terms of instructional planning, student assessment, and teacher-parent collaboration. A quantitative method was used for data collection, utilizing a correlational research design with a sample size made of 164 teachers and 12 head teachers for 12 schools. Proportional sampling was used in determining the number of teachers from each school, simple random sampling to select teachers from the total number of teachers at each school, and purposive sampling to select all head teachers. Data were gathered through the questionnaires distributed to the teachers. Regression and correlational analyses were conducted using SPSS (version 27). The findings revealed that the democratic leadership style has a positive influence on teachers' performance in 12-year basic education. Specifically, 94.7% of the variation in teachers' performance is explained by the democratic leadership style, as indicated by an R-square value of 0.947. The results show that as head teachers increase the use of democratic leadership, teachers' performance improves in areas such as instructional planning, student assessment, and teacher-parent collaboration. Based on these findings, government is recommended to establish a policy framework that explicitly explains and encourages the application of democratic leadership style in 12 year-basic education.
Heat Penetration Characteristics and Quality Evaluation of Pangasius (Pangasius hypophthalmus) Chunks in Masala Using Retort Pouches
Authors: Tekade Vyankatesh , Bojayanaik Manjanaik , Tameshwar  , Chavan Sachin Dnyanoba , Banavath Srinu Nayak , Siravati Maga Raju , Gundubilli Devika , Shetty Veena
Published: November 2024

A South Indian dish was developed using Pangasius fish (Pangasius hypophthalmus) fillet chunks in masalas as a medium. The aim of the current study was to optimize the various F₀ values for Pangasius fillet chunks packed in masala, using flexible, retortable pouches. After being processed at different lethality levels, the product showed a similar heating and cooling lag factor. For F₀ values of 7.37 and 8.12 minutes, the total process time were 26.94 and 31.37 minutes, respectively. The fh values for products processed at F₀ values of 7.37 and 8.12 minutes were 13 and 16.5 minutes, respectively. The cook value obtained for the thermally processed product was 64.70 minutes for F₀ 7.37 minutes and 65.87 minutes for F₀ 8.12 minutes. Over a storage duration of up to 90 days, all instrumental texture indicators exhibited a declining pattern. The product processed at Fo value of 7.37 and 8.12 minutes were achieved commercial sterility. The product processed at F₀ 7.37 minutes was considered more favourable based on organoleptic assessment.
Vitamin D Status in Supplemented Hemodialysis Patients
Authors: Sagou Yayo Eric , Morel Kouacou Kadio , Mireille Yao-Yapo Carine , Mantari Soumahoro , Bénédicte Koné-Dakouri Yékayo , Louis Konan Jean , Joelle Koffi Akissi , Angèle Ake-Edjeme , Hugues Ahiboh , Laure Hauhouot-Attoungbré Marie , Dagui Monnet
Published: November 2024

Introduction: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) causes decreased activity of the enzyme 1-alpha-hydroxylase and calcitriol deficiency with mineral and bone metabolism disorders or secondary hyperparathyroidism. Anticipation of the occurrence of these complications implies the systematic supplementation of all hemodialysis patients, with monitoring of biological parameters. It is in this context that this study was carried out, the general objective of which was to establish the profile of vitamin D concentration in hemodialysis and Ivorian public sector supplemented patients in Abidjan.
Patients and Methods: In a cross-sectional study conducted from September to December 2022, we included 89 patients with end-stage CKD treated with hemodialysis at the CNPTIR in Cocody. The collection of epidemio-clinical data was done on the basis of a questionnaire on the one hand and the patients' medical records on the other. The vitamin D concentration was determined by the ELFA immunoassay method on mini Vidas (BIOMERIEUX).
Results: The mean age of the patients was 45 ± 13 and 65.17% of them were men. 55.06% of the patients had been treated with dialysis for at least 5 years. 48.31% of the patients had regular supplementation treatment. Of the two types of vitamin D supplementation, 94.38% of the study population was supplemented with cholecalciferol compared to 18% for alfacalcidol with 12% of patients included, using both types. From a biological point of view, it appears that the average concentration of vitamin D in the patients was 26.9 ng/mL, and only 16% have a concentration of less than 20 mg/mL, corresponding to an deficiency vitamin D status.
Conclusion: At the end of this cross-sectional study, it emerged that the average in adult hemodialysis subjects followed at the CNPTIR in Cocody had an insufficient vitamin D status. And 37% of the study population with normal vitamin D status. However, these results could be improved by better accessibility to the products, and regular compliance with supplementation.
Nutrient Uptake and Soil Nutrient Status as Influenced by Drip Fertigation Levels and Schedules in Broccoli
Authors: Kanwar Prakash , Sonkamble A.M. , Meena Somendra
Published: November 2024

The experiment was carried out to study the effect of fertigation levels and schedules on growth and yield of broccoli (Brassica oleracea var italica) during the rabi season of 2021-22 involving 4 levels of fertilizer (75, 100 and 125 % RDF) along with one control (100 % RDF) through soil application and three fertigation scheduling (S1, S2 and S3) with three replications. The result of study revealed that higher fertigation of broccoli with balanced nutrition; better water and nutrient utilization gave significantly higher plant growth and yield and good quality of broccoli. In general, pooled mean revealed that application of 125 % RDF with fertigation schedule S2 :15 % NPK at transplanting to plant establishment, 1-10 DAT, 50 % NPK at curd initiation stage,11-35 DAT and 35 % NPK at curd development stage, 36-60 DAT recorded maximum NPK uptake in plant (kg/ha) and available NPK in soil (kg/ha).
Distribution and Implications of Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Genotypes in Animals: A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Gharehdaghi Zahra
Published: November 2024

This narrative review discusses the spread of Mycobacterium tuberculosis among animal populations, focusing on M. tuberculosis genotype distribution and frequency across different species. To develop comprehensive tuberculosis control strategies under the One Health approach, it is important to have an understanding of the genotypes of M. tuberculosis in animals. Animal infections are discussed, as well as the pathogenesis and epidemiology of M. tuberculosis. Various genotyping methods, including spoligotyping, MIRU-VNTR, and whole genome sequencing, are discussed in the review, emphasizing their role in understanding strain diversity and transmission dynamics. There are many factors influencing the distribution of M. tuberculosis genotypes in animals, including environmental conditions, host factors, human-animal interactions, and animal trade practices. It is clear from the review that the Euro-American lineage is widely distributed across animal species, with the Beijing genotype becoming increasingly prevalent in regions where it is prevalent in humans. The study highlights the need for more comprehensive genotyping studies as well as the development of better diagnostic tools. This will enhance our understanding of M. tuberculosis in animal populations. A conclusion to the review, emphasizes that standardizing genotyping protocols, utilizing whole genome sequencing, and fostering international collaboration are essential for improving our understanding of M. tuberculosis diversity in animals and developing targeted tuberculosis control strategies. The impact of Mycobacterium tuberculosis genotypes in animals is multi-faceted, affecting both public health and veterinary practices. Addressing these challenges requires a coordinated and comprehensive approach that considers the interconnectedness of human and animal health systems, fosters research, enhances surveillance, and implements effective control strategies.