bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Targeted Representation? An Analysis of the Appointment of Liberal Candidates in the 1993 and 1997 Federal Elections
Authors: Koene Miriam
Published: November 2016

This paper analyzes the appointment of candidates made by the leader of the Liberal Party prior to the 1993 and 1997 federal elections. It argues that the appointments made by the leader were only in part a response to the expectations that political parties should become more descriptively representative of the Canadian population. Further, the paper raises a number of concerns regarding the use of the leader's appointment power in order to ensure a more descriptively representative party and legislature. It is argued that while other potential reforms were ignored, a rather minimalist and centralizing strategy was utilized. Expectations regarding descriptive representation and conventions concerning candidate selection in Canadian political parties are briefly considered in order to place the 1993 and 1997 nominations in context
Gender Transgression as Heresy: The Trial of Joan of Arc
Authors: Grigat Daniel , Carrier Gregory
Published: November 2016

Joan of Arc has exercised a hold on the imagination, both medieval and modern, far exceeding her limited military achievements. It is perhaps for this reason that the trial of Joan on charges of heresy, culminating in her conviction and execution, is typically interpreted in a cynical light. The primary theme of the literature is that the she was brought to trial and convicted for challenging the institutionalized power of state and church. The issue of gender transgression, which is repeated throughout the transcripts of Joan’s trial, is either ignored or dismissed as irrelevant. It is typical of the medieval narrative that belief systems no longer accepted today are not taken seriously, and this is done through reducing them to familiar categories.

This paper aims to take the trial of Joan of Arc seriously by arguing that Joan really was a heretic because she was different from orthodox Christians in that she transgressed traditional gender roles. This issue played a major role in Joan’s trial and one can scarcely read two paragraphs of the record without issues of gender transgression being raised and denounced. Furthermore, gender transgression was explicitly identified as amounting to heresy, and theological arguments were given by learned experts to justify this connection. This is not to deny that Joan was a heretic on other grounds; her obstinate refusal to submit herself to the Church militant and insistence on her ability to interpret her own revelations are crucial issues. Likewise, we do not intend to deny the political aspect of her trial, but rather to argue that the defense and reinforcement of traditional authority structures cannot be demarcated from the issue of heresy and gender transgression.
Troop Withdrawals from Europe: Cold War American Foreign Policy and Military Strategy
Authors: Pietrobon Allen
Published: November 2016

In 1971, U.S. Senator Mike Mansfield introduced a proposal calling for a fifty percent reduction of the number of U.S. troops stationed in Europe. The proposal was ultimately voted down in the Senate but it sparked sweeping changes in the defence policies of some major NATO nations. This paper examines the pre and post “Mansfield Amendment” defence policies of Britain, France, and West Germany, and strives to answer the question of how a single failed Senate proposal could lead three major NATO countries to drastically change their defence policies.
Stirring Words, Ruling Ideas, and the Price of Bread: Reflections o a Gramsican-Thompsonian Approach to Cultural History
Authors: Rogers Peter
Published: November 2016

This paper undertakes to examine and criticize one or two analytical categories which have acquired currency among historians and social scientists working within a paradigm that derives, broadly speaking, from Marx. Specifically. I shall be concerned with questions of consciousness, agency, and determination: with the extent to which a "popular" culture can be distinguished from a "dominant" one; with the kinds of intercourse that may or may not occur between the two; and with the more general interplay between cultural processes and political and economic ones, out of which, it will be argued, emerge such quotidian facts as the price of bread. Still more specifically, I wish to consider the pertinence of the notions of "hegemony" and "the moral economy of the poor," as elaborated in the work of Antonio Gramsci and Edward Thompson, respectively, in investigating these matters.
The Rules of Red River: The Council of Assiniboia and its Impact on the Colony, 1820-1869
Authors: Laudicina Nelly
Published: November 2016

The Council of Assiniboia, whose members were appointed by the Hudson’s Bay Company (HBC), held administrative, judicial and legislative powers over the Red River colony. The Council's main challenge was to remain relevant to the Red River settlers while simultaneously adhering to the priorities of the HBC. Through numerous petitions and occasional riots the population of Red River acquired both representation and power in the Council. The aim of this paper is to discuss the relations of power underlying the transformation of not only the Council, but of the colony as a whole.
'A brake upon the wheel': Frank Oliver and the Creation of the Immigration Act of 1906
Authors: Hollihan K Tony
Published: November 2016

As Minister of the Interior from 1905 to 1911, Frank Oliver held a fundamentally different philosophy of immigration to that of his predecessor. While previous immigration legislation had been open door, and focused on economic criteria, Oliver believed in the effectiveness of a closed door policy based primarily on cultural criteria. The Immigration Act of 1906, resting on the twin pillars of selection and restriction, was designed to establish and implement that criteria. The immigration bill was well received by the public, engendered minimal legislative debate, and was passed substantially as it had first been introduced. Oliver had responded to what Canadians perceived was a national need.
Faith, Families, and Rebellion in Sixteenth-Century South-West England
Authors: Stanton Pamela
Published: November 2016

The questioning of"the English Reformation" as both a definable entity and a usable term by revisionist scholars, provides a timely platform from which to engage in a re-examination of one event which occurred daring that period of profound religious change in sixteenth-century England. The 1549 rebellion in the south-west of England has been studied using 'traditional* analytical categories of religion, politics, economics, and militarism. However, a new perspective on the rebellion is possible when the kinship ties of a group of leading gentry families in the south-west are examined. Although some historians recognize the close relationships which existed within the group, the focus is on the men of the families as local government officials without placing them in the wider context of their families. A close examination of the connections between the Arundell, Edgecombe, and Grenville families reveals a confused genealogical picture; one that suggests, however, that close kinship ties may have played an important part in the participation or lack of involvement of the family members in the rebellion.
Sacred Ground: The Liberation of Alsace-Lorraine, 1944-1946
Authors: Cipko Serge
Published: November 2016

Alsace-Lorraine, a region annexed from France by Germany in 1871 and recovered by France in 1918, was reannexed by Germany once more following the fall of France in 1940. In 1944 French liberation forces embarked on an intense campaign to regain what it considered "sacred ground," and the French media projected an image of an Alsatian population enthusiastically endorsing this effort to be reunited with the rest of the country. A careful reading of documentary evidence, however, suggests that the process of liberation and the reintegration of the region into France did not proceed smoothly. The demands the liberation forces placed on the civilian population to join the military campaign against the Nazis, combined with the delicate issue of collaboration, the mutual distrust, the strenuous efforts to "re-Francocize" the region following four years of Nazification (a process which had included indoctrination, service in the Wehrmacht, the installation of extermination camps in the territory, and collaboration), generated an ambiguous relationship between Charles de Gaulle's government and Alsatians. Official French policy in the region, which deviated from that practiced in the rest of France, reflected the circumstances peculiar to Alsace-Lorraine.
Parliamentary Speeches of the Din de Siecle German Political Antisemites
Authors: Stack Robert
Published: November 2016

Historians have used materialist and idealist arguments to attempt to explain the nature of antisemitism in Imperial Germany. An analysis of parliamentary debates from 1887 to 1898 shows antisemitic politicians' concerns reflected those of agrarian populists in other countries, such as the United States. This argues against German particularism as an explanation for Imperial antisemitism, and further suggests that the politicians' specifically anti-Jewish aims were secondary to their Mittelstand economic

interests.
"Whom Science' Hand has Drawn So Near": The Canadian Journal - Scientific Periodical, 1851-61
Authors: Levene Mark A
Published: November 2016

As the first periodical in Canada West devoted to matters of science and technology, the Canadian Journal represents an important development in the growth of an intellectual and academic culture in the Colonies. The Journal was established to serve as the record of the proceedings of the Canadian Institute, founded by Royal Charter in 1851 and devoted to encouraging and advancing "the Arts and Manufactures" and to facilitating the acquisition and dissemination of knowledge connected with engineering, architecture, and surveying. The Journal initially complied with these preliminary guidelines but it gradually evolved in new directions as the focus of both the Institute and its periodical shifted to meet the changing needs of a scientific community in a structurally shifting society. The changes in the journal over its first years illustrate the way an emergent scientific community interacted with, and indeed contributed to, an economy that was making its first, tentative steps toward capitalism and all that capitalism brought with it.
The Attempted Repeal of the Quebec Act: The State of Parliamentary Opposition in 1775
Authors: Close Robin E
Published: November 2016

The Attempted Repeal of the Quebec Act on 17 and 18 May 1775 is a subject which has, as of yet, not attracted Canadian or British Imperial historians working on eighteenth century Quebec. An examination of the repeal attempt made by Lord Camden and Sir George Savile in both Houses of Parliament in 1775 reveals that the American Crisis led the Opposition to pursue a policy of conciliation with the American colonies. The attempted repeal of the Quebec Act was one way the Opposition hoped to head off the threat of imminent war. This study contributes to a fuller picture of the Imperial context in which decisions were made with regards to Canada during the rising American crisis.
From Pariahs to Patriots: Canadian Communists and the Second World War
Authors: Frazer Chris
Published: November 2016

Official anti-communist policies, adopted by the Mackenzie King government during the Second World War, were only partially effective. These policies were implemented by the RCMP (Royal Canadian Mounted Police) and the armed forces high command, and included internment, banning the Communist Party of Canada (cpc), and monitoring communists in the armed forces. These policies, however, were thwarted by the logic of the war, as well as by opposition from liberal public opinion and the communists themselves.
American Jesus: How the Son of God Became a National Icon
Authors: Maan Tony
Published: November 2016

American Jesus: How the Son of God Became a National Icon. By Stephen Prothero. New York: Farrar, Strauss and Giroux. 2003. 364pp. $41.50 (cloth).
Sinking in Quicksand: The Demise of Victorian High Culture in America 1870-1915
Authors: Sharafi Mitra
Published: November 2016

Today, the term Victorian implies snobbishness and rigidity. Our world, the result in part of a rebellion against Victorian formality and social hierarchy, celebrates the classless, the democratic, and the popular. It professes faith in the artistic judgment of all members of society regardless of ethnic origin, level of education or wealth. From the Victorian point of view, however, twentieth-century mass culture is accessible to all by appealing to the lowest common denominator; it is inclusive at the cost of a loss of education, refinement, and profundity. Turn-of-the-century America is the ideal subject for a study of the interaction between Victorian high culture and modern mass culture; the period from 1870 to 1915 was one of drastic cultural metamorphosis. Social change threatened the foundations of high culture and eventually killed it, but not without the unintentional help of the Victorians' own self-alienating behaviour.
Unity Deferred: The "Roman Question" in Italian History, 1861-1862
Authors: Mills William C
Published: November 2016

Following the Risorgimento (the unification of the kingdom of Italy) in 1861, the major dilemma facing the new nation was that the city of Rome continued to be ruled by the pope as an independent state. The Vatican's rule ended in 1870 when the Italian army captured the city and it became the new capital of Italy. This paper will examine the domestic and international problems that were the consequences of this dispute. It will also review the circumstances that led Italy to join Germany and Austria in the Triple Alliance in 1882.
Conversion versus Ethnography: Adrien Gabriel Morice and the Western Dene
Authors: Sims Daniel
Published: November 2016

Conversion versus ethnography—how can one be both a missionary and an ethnographer? Is there not an inherent contradiction between trying to radically change a culture and society through religious conversion, while simultaneously trying to “scientifically” record the same culture and society? Yet, many missionaries found themselves in the situation of attempting to preserve via their academic writings the very cultures and societies they condemned and sought to change in their religious career. This article is about one such missionary, Adrien Gabriel Morice, Oblate missionary to the Tsilhqot’in (Chilcotin), Dakelh (Carrier) and Tse Keh Nay (Sekani) of northern central British Columbia. It examines how he dealt with this inherent contradiction and concludes that not only did it hinder his conversion of First Nations, but also prevented him from making the academic move from Enlightenment ethnology to social Darwinism and Boasian anthropology. Nevertheless, despite the fact that this inherent contradiction cost him his mission post at Stuart Lake in 1903, Morice benefitted from his first-hand experience at that post and became influential as an ethnographer with regards to Dakelh social organization, religion, burial practices and gender. In this achievement, he was able to leave a lasting legacy despite the inherent contradiction between his role as a missionary and as an ethnographer.
The Katyn Case in Russian-Language WebPages
Authors: Melentyeva Mariya
Published: November 2016

About 26,000 Polish officers, enlisted men and political prisoners killed by the Soviet security services in the spring of 1940 are regarded victims of the Katyn crime. The Katyn case has influenced official Russian-Polish relations and the commemoration of the victims plays a significant role in creating Polish and Russian national ideologies. In recent years, the Russian internet has become a widely used space for public and academic debates on the matter. This paper discusses what the Russian-speaking reader can find about the Katyn massacre in Russian online. It analyzes the rhetoric of exemplary articles, forums, and films, the questions they address, and the ideas they advocate.
Swift's Switch: The Intricacies of Turning Tory
Authors: Scott Steven
Published: November 2016

Jonathan Swift is widely recognized as a major writer in English. His Gulliver's Travels, A Tale of a Tub, and "A Modest Proposal," in particular, are masterpieces of political satire. Swift was never a politician in his own right, but the politics of his writing and his role as a politically committed priest in the Irish Anglican Church made him important nonetheless as a political and historical figure. In fact, for a time in the early eighteenth century, Swift truly became a part of English politics, first by negotiating with the English government on the part of the Irish Church, and then by beginning to write political propaganda for the Tory regime then in power. Near the end of 1710, Jonathan Swift changed his political allegiance from Whig to Tory. This paper discusses the four major explanations that have been advanced regarding Swift's "switch," and suggests that none of the four is adequate, though all of them contain elements of what is likely to have happened. It suggests, further, that Swift's switch was at least as much a result of the changing nature of political parties and the party system as inconsistency on Swift's part.
Technologies and Distance Education with Focus on Teacher Training
Authors: Altoé Anair , Da Silva Aldevino Ribeiro , Costa Luciano Gonsalves , Altoé Neusa , Silva Heliana da
Published: November 2016

The microelectronics revolution in the twentieth century and the evolution of the profile of Information Technologies and Communication require a teacher able to adapt to a changing world. The simple proposition of using technology in school, with the goal of making teaching innovative, is naive. Teachers need to be trained competently in order to open paths in the construction of their own knowledge and creativity. Therefore, researching the fundamentals of distance education to build a path that allows the university community to access the achievements of this type of education in the initial and continuing training of teachers from the State University of Maringá (UEM) is the challenge before us. For this, we proposed systematic study along with institutional projects to identify activities developed in distance education that make it possible to analyze the proposed teacher education projects developed, identifying actions that enable the initial and continuing training of the teacher within development of the course in the modality of Distance Education (DE).
A cultura organizacional sob um olhar estético
Authors: Narducci Viviane
Published: November 2016

Com a intenção de contribuir com estudos que admitam a subjetividade nas organizações e conectem cultura organizacional e estética, buscou-se identificar, sob a ótica da abordagem estética, como a cultura organizacional do Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE) vem sendo apreendida por seus servidores. A partir da perspectiva fenomenológica hermenêutica, realizou-se pesquisa etnográfica e, como a pesquisadora pertence ao quadro de servidores da organização estudada, a pesquisa possui também caráter autoetnográfico. O estudo concluiu que o conhecimento adquirido pelos integrantes do IBGE, a partir de suas experiências sensoriais e seus juízos estéticos, tanto é influenciado quanto possui influência sobre sua cultura.The organizational culture in an aesthetic lookAbstractWith intent to contribute to studies that acknowledge the subjectivity in organizations and connect organizational culture and aesthetic, the research presented here was to identify, from the perspective of the aesthetic approach, how the organizational culture at the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE) has been assimilated by their employees. From the perspective of phenomenological hermeneutics, we carried out ethnographic research, and, as one of the researchers is an employee at the organization studied, the research also has autoethnographic character. The study concluded that the knowledge gained by members of the organization, from their sensory experiences and their aesthetic judgments, is influenced as much as it influence the organization’s own culture.
Foucault’s Fossils: Life Itself and the Return to Nature in Feminist Philosophy
Authors: Huffer Lynne
Published: November 2016

This essay asks about the return to nature and “life itself” in contemporary feminist philosophy and theory, from the new materialisms to feminist science studies to environmental ethics and critical animal studies. Unlike traditional naturalisms, the contemporary turn to nature is explicitly posthumanist. Shifting their focus away from anti-essentialist critiques of woman-as-nature, these new feminist philosophies of nature have turned toward nonhuman animals, the cosmos, the climate, and life itself as objects of ethical concern. Drawing on Foucault, the essay probes the ethical meanings of the term “life itself” invoked in many of these renaturalizing projects. Focusing especially on the archival matter that guides Foucault’s thinking, I suggest that we rethink “life itself” not as a transhistorical substance but as the unstable materiality of history. I then reframe Foucault’s archival, genealogical perspective through the lens of the Anthropocene and geological time. Reconceiving our archive as a fossil record, I suggest that Foucault has much to contribute to environmental challenges to human exceptionalism and the anthropogenic destruction of other species and ourselves.
Technologies of the Other: Renewing ‘empathy’ between Foucault and psychoanalysis.
Authors: Lobb Andrea
Published: November 2016

This article expands Michel Foucault’s schema of the human ‘technologies’—those of production, signification, power and technologies of the self (Foucault, 1983)—to posit the existence of a fifth technological modality described here as technologies of the other. This refers to techniques and practices that facilitate the autonomy, not of the self, but of another person or persons. The specificity of these techniques of (other) care, I argue, is obscured in Foucault’s work in so far as they are subsumed as a ‘position’ within the technologies of the self, rather than afforded the status of a separate mode of technological practice in their own right. This not only misrecognizes their qualitative difference—the special kind of human ‘making’ they entail—but also allows for the dubious claim of an ‘ontological primacy’ of self-care when this is actually (at least ‘ontogenetically’) preceded by, and dependent upon, prior other-care. As one potential candidate or fragment of this alternative technological lineage, the paper revisits the writings on the psychoanalytic technique of empathy elaborated in the British Independent tradition of Donald Winnicott. It explores how these empathetic techniques engage in an ethics of ‘other-fashioning’—a necessary prelude to the emergence of capacities of autonomous ‘self-fashioning’—and suggests that such empathy can neither be encapsulated fully under the rubric of technologies of the self, nor read as isomorphic with the technologies of power.
Foucault’s On the Government of the Living
Authors: Konstan David
Published: November 2016

In The Government of the Living, Foucault demonstrates elegantly and convincingly the emergence of a new idea and practice of penitence within the early Church, one that traced its origins to the Bible but in fact represented a departure from earlier Christian beliefs. This shift occurred largely under the influence of monastic and ascetic tendencies that came to play an increasingly powerful role in the second and third centuries after Christ. I suggest that this is the fundamental contribution of the lectures, rather than the framing narrative concerning truth and power. In my comments, I focus on the ideas of conversion, change of heart, remorse, and repentance, and show how the classical Greek and Latin terms for a change of mind (metanoia, paenitentia) assume meanings as widely different as “conversion” and “penitence.” This semantic slide or instability mirrors and enables the reinterpretation of Biblical faith as penitence. I also discuss the relationship between self-disclosure, as the classical writers understood it, and confession, and relate this to a new conception of the inviolable self.
From Counter-Conduct to Critical Attitude: Michel Foucault and the Art of Not Being Governed Quite So Much
Authors: Lorenzini Daniele
Published: November 2016

In this article I reconstruct the philosophical conditions for the emergence of the notion of counter-conduct within the framework of Michel Foucault’s study of governmentality, and I explore the reasons for its disappearance after 1978. In particular, I argue that the concept of conduct becomes crucial for Foucault in order to redefine governmental power relations as specific ways to conduct the conduct of individuals: it is initially within this context that, in Security, Territory, Population, he rethinks the problem of resistance in terms of counter-conduct. However, a few months later, in What is Critique?, Foucault (implicitly) replaces the notion of counter-conduct with that of critical attitude, defined as the particular form that counter-conduct takes in modern times. This notion allows him to highlight the role played by the will (to be or not to be governed like that) in resistance to governmental strategies. But since the notion of counter-conduct is conceptually wider than that of critical attitude, I suggest in conclusion that it could be worth reactivating it as a “historical category which, in various forms and with diverse objectives, runs through the whole of Western history.”
Beyond the Analytic of Finitude: Kant, Heidegger, Foucault
Authors: McQuillan J. Colin
Published: November 2016

The editors of the French edition of Michel Foucault's Introduction to Kant's Anthropology claim that Foucault started rereading Kant through Nietzsche in 1952 and then began rereading Kant and Nietzsche through Heidegger in 1953. This claim has not received much attention in the scholarly literature, but its significance should not be underestimated. In this article, I assess the likelihood that the editor’s claim is true and show how Foucault’s introduction to Kant’s Anthropology and his comments about Kant in The Order of Things echo the concerns about finitude and subjectivity in Heidegger’s Kant and the Problem of Metaphysics. I then argue that Foucault's later preoccupation with Kant's essay An Answer to the Question: What is Enlightenment? should be regarded as an attempt to develop an alternative to the Heideggerian interpretation of Kant, and the preoccupation with finitude, that had played such an important role in Foucault’s earlier works.
The Biopolitics of Ordoliberalism
Authors: Biebricher Thomas
Published: November 2016

This article examines the biopolitical dimension in ordoliberal thought using Wilhelm Röpke and Alexander Rüstow as exemplary figures of this tradition. Based on an explication of various biopolitical themes that can be extracted from Foucault’s writings and lectures the article argues that these biopolitical themes, although rarely touched on in Foucault’s lectures on ordoliberal governmentality, nevertheless constitute an integral aspect of the thought of Röpke and Rüstow. From the regulation of the population through the strategic lever of the family to the organicist concerns over the health of the social body, biopolitical themes pervade the socio-economic theories of ordoliberalism. The article suggests that critical evaluations of the ordoliberal approach to political economy, which has been gaining ground again in the aftermath of the financial crisis, should take into account the biopolitical–and rather illiberal–dimension of this approach as well.
The Truths We Tell Ourselves: Foucault on Parrhesia
Authors: Simpson Zacharia
Published: November 2016

Michel Foucault’s later concept of parrhesia presents a number of potential interpretive problems with respect to his work as a whole and his conception of truth. This article presents an alternative reading of parrhesia, which develops its concept through Foucault’s earlier pronouncements on truth and fiction. Seen this way, parrhesia becomes a means whereby one enacts useful fictions within the context of one’s life. As a practice, which demands self-mastery, orientation towards truth, and a command of one’s life, parrhesia becomes crucial to an aesthetics of existence.
Accounting and the Making of Homo Liberalis
Authors: Lambert Caroline , Pezet Eric
Published: November 2016

This paper investigates the practices whereby the subject, in an organisational context, carries out systematic practices of self-discipline and becomes a calculative self. In particular, we explore the techniques of conduct developed by management accountants in a French carmaker, which adheres to a neoliberal environment. We show how these management accountants become calculative selves by building the very measurement of their own performance. The organisation thereby emerges as the cauldron in which a Homo liberalis is forged. Homo liberalis is the individual capable of constructing for him/her the political self-discipline establishing his/her relationship with the social world on the basis of measurable performance. The management accountants studied in this article prefigure the Homo liberalis in the self-discipline they develop to act in compliance with the organisation’s goals.
’Foucault's Ironies and the Important Earnestness of Theory’
Authors: Jordan Mark D.
Published: November 2016

Foucault’s History of Sexuality 1 cannot be understood without sustained attention to its ironies, which are written into every level from diction to structure. The little book does not intend to deliver a theory, queer or otherwise. It means rather to display and then to frustrate the desire for theory—especially when it comes to sexuality.
Freedom, Teleodynamism, Creativity
Authors: Connolly William E.
Published: November 2016

After presenting a critique of both negative and positive freedom this essay pursues the relation between creativity and freedom, drawing upon Foucault, Deleuze and Nietzsche to do so.  Once you have understood Nietzsche’s reading of a culturally infused nest of drives in a self, the task becomes easier.  A drive is not merely a force pushing forward; it is also a simple mode of perception and intention that pushes forward and enters into creative relations with other drives when activated by an event.  You can also understand more sharply how the Foucauldian tactics of the self work.  We can now carry this insight into the Deleuzian territory of micropolitics and collective action by reviewing his work on flashbacks and “the powers of the false.” If a flashback in film pulls us back to a bifurcation point where two paths were possible and one was taken, the powers of the false refer to the subliminal role the path not taken can play in the formation of creative action.  As you pursue these themes you see that neither old, organic notions of belonging to the world nor do negative notions of detachment as such do the work needed.  Deleuze’s notion of freedom carries us to the idea of cultivating “belief” in a world of periodic punctuations.  The latter are essential to creativity and incompatible with organic belonging.  They are also indispensable supports of a positive politics today.
Uncertain Ontologies
Authors: Taylor Dianna
Published: November 2016

This following essay explores the meaning and implications of philosophical critique and creativity within the work of Gilles Deleuze and Michel Foucault.  The two philosophers’ appeals to ontology, as an important site upon which their ethico-political commitments to critique and creativity simultaneously converge and diverge, frame this exploration.  The first part of the essay shows how Deleuze’s and Foucault’s respective ontologies further critique and creativity.  The second part of the essay focuses on a point of divergence in the two thinkers’ appeals to ontology: the relationship between philosophy and history.  From a Foucauldian perspective, the ahistorical character of Deleuze’s ontology of difference threatens to undermine its transformative potential, whereas from a Deleuzian perspective, the historical character of Foucault’s ontology of the present, while it may not undermine transformation, certainly does not facilitate it.  In conclusion, I argue that it is precisely from within these tensions that important, productive, and transformative aspects of Deleuze’s and Foucault’s work emerge.
Disciplining the Ethical Couponer: A Foucauldian Analysis of Online Interactions
Authors: Guittar Stephanie Gonzalez , Carter Shannon K.
Published: November 2016

As the internet becomes increasingly important in establishing identities and social networks, it becomes a mechanism for social control.  We apply the components of Foucault’s means of corrective training—hierarchical observation, normalizing judgment, and examination—to the comments section of a popular couponing blog to analyze tactics participants use to discipline each other’s couponing behaviors.  We find Foucault’s framework applicable with some modification.  Participants use discursive techniques to establish hierarchical surveillance however hierarchies are not upheld throughout the interactions, making lateral surveillance more applicable.  Participants engage in normalizing judgment by critiquing and correcting “deviant” behavior and positively reinforcing “good” behavior.  The blog itself mirrors the examination; as the blog master describes activities, participants try them, and return to the site to report their results, which can then be compared to others.  These findings illustrate online interactions as a mechanism of informal social surveillance and control.
Law, Objectives of Government, and Regimes of Truth
Authors: Brännström Leila
Published: November 2016

Drawing on Security, Territory, Population and The Birth of Biopolitics, this article aims, firstly, to consolidate our understanding of Foucault’s engagement with law by fleshing out his approach to law and by clarifying that he distinguishes between different kinds of law on the basis of the objectives that law serves and the regime of truth that it embodies.  Secondly, using this understanding, the article proceeds to illustrate how the objectives and the regime of truth of the EU internal market law have been displaced in the last few decades.  It is argued that this body of law has increasingly come to perform the tasks of law in neoliberal government as pointed out by Foucault in these lectures, namely of expanding the domain of market values and mechanisms, and of restricting the exercise of legitimate government by opposing the rule of law to planning.  In this regard, particular attention is paid to the way in which justiciable rights function as a technology of neoliberal rule within the internal market.
Genealogies of Disability in Global Governance: A Foucauldian Critique of Disability and Development
Authors: Nguyen Xuan-Thuy
Published: November 2016

In this article, I engage with the ways in which disability is governed within the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) (United Nations 2000). Using a Foucauldian perspective on the governing of populations in modern states (Foucault 1991), I problematise this politics of disability and development by interrogating the ways in which biopower, through the constructions of modern development frameworks, has shaped our understanding of disability and impairment. I pursue this historical trajectory by tracing the emergence of the Global Burden of Diseases (GBD), a global study developed by the World Health Organization (WHO) and the World Bank in the 1990s (Murray and Lopez 1996). The forms of knowledge emerging in these global frameworks shed light on genealogies of disability in the twenty-first century. By re-visiting a postcolonial critique of Foucault’s conception of power in the context of Third World’s struggles for liberation (Said 1986), I suggest that a Foucauldian critique in disability and development could be deepened through its engagement with postcolonial studies. A critical and genealogical perspective on disability and development, I argue, is useful for understanding the government of disability and impairment in the intersections of global and local histories.
State Racism and the Paradox of Biopower
Authors: Fiaccadori Elisa
Published: November 2016

As it has often been emphasised, through the concept of biopower, Foucault attempts to move away from the problem of sovereign power. Yet, after exposing Foucault’s conceptualisation of biopower, in this article I argue that he cannot simply leave this problem behind. In particular, reflections on Nazism and how the Nazi state uses racism to sustain itself force him to return to the problem of sovereign power to explain how state killing continues to be possible, and actually takes on new and extreme forms, in modern times. These same considerations further complicate the theoretical distinction between biopower and sovereign power put forward, albeit not without hesitations, by Foucault but contested by other authors such as Agamben, while offering an interesting standpoint from which to reconsider the question of sovereignty and its interrelationship to biopower.
Comparative analysis of values of rural and urban students
Authors: Kumar Dinesh
Published: November 2016

- In present studies value was studied between urban and rural students. A group of 60 students in which there were 30 girls and 30 boys and each group included both from urban and rural area. 15 subjects were taken in each treatment and each subject were treated individual personality with a measurement devised by Dr. R. K. Ojha(1971). Two way Anova was experimented on the data obtained. The mean of urban students was found 107.666 and rural area students was 110.667.The value level of rural students was found to be more as compared urban students. A significant difference was not noticed between them.
Homophobia and health issues of LGBT youth- a study
Authors: Kala Jyoti
Published: November 2016

The marginalized LGBT(Lesbian, Gay, Bi-sexual, Transgender) faces many social, legal and psychological problems unattended by the experts concerned. Homophobia due to social, religious and moral assumptions preclude the mainstream society from being interactive with this alienated and neglected part of society. Consequently they remain deprived of the common rights of a citizen. In this paper an attempt has been made to present the health and medical issues of LGBT on the basis of the research conducted in various countries.
Amazing Antarctica and its plant and animal diversity: a brief introduction
Authors: Gupta Pratibha
Published: November 2016

Antarctica is the coldest, driest, amazing place and fifth largest continent of this world covered with ice. This is a gift of nature in natural form. I have got an opportunity to visit the Larsemann Hills, Antarctica during Indian Scientific Expedition to Antarctica. The Larsemann Hills (69°20’S to 69°30’S Latitude., 75°55’E to 76°30’E Longitude) is located approximately halfway between Vest fold Hills and Amery Ice Shelf on South-eastern coast of Prydz Bay. Human activities in Larsemann Hills is promoted due to its coastal location, ice free landscape, Australian summer research base (Law base), Chinese research station (Zhongshan) and Russian research stations(Progress) were established within the area of 3 km from each other on eastern broknes. After that there was rapid infrastructure development in the area and further scientific research and the potential for tourist visits resulted in notable localised alteration of the environment, ultimately affecting the biodiversity. The Antarctic environment / climate is highly susceptible to the impacts of human activities and has much less natural ability to recover from disturbance than the environment of other continents. These changes ultimately affect the environment and growth of organisms. Larsemann Hills represent the southernmost coastal oasis contains diverse flora and fauna. In flora - Bryophytes, Lichens and Algae were observed. Among algae mainly Cosmarium, Diatoms, Dinoflagellates and Cyanobacterial mats were observed from different water bodies and terrestrial habitats. As for as fauna is concerned breeding sea bird like Snow petrels, Wilson’s Storm Petrel, South polar Skuas was found. Besides this, Seals, Adelie Penguin and Emperor Penguin were occasionally observed in Larsemann Hills area. However, very little is known about the terrestrial micro fauna. In lakes and streams species of protozoans, platyhelminths, rotifers, tardigrades, nematodes, arthropods, etc. have been reported.
Application and importance of Linear Algebra in Computer Graphics
Authors: Bajpai Priti
Published: November 2016

Today Computer Graphics is being used in many fields. Be it gaming industry, movies, architecture, in education sector for making class room teaching interesting or for making presentations for a business deal are some of them. It is interesting to know that Linear Algebra a branch of mathematics has made all this possible. In this paper we try to understand how images on the computer screen are scaled, translated and rotated using simple matrix transformations.
Dental caries: causes and prevention
Authors: Rani Archana , Gupta J. P.
Published: November 2016

Dental caries or tooth decay is a damage of tooth due to activities of bacteria. There is pain and difficulty with eating. A diet high in simple sugar is a risk factor. Regular cleaning of the teeth, a diet low in sugar, and small amounts of fluoride can prevent this condition. Once a lesion has cavitated, a dental restoration in indicated. Endodontic therapy may be required for the restoration of a tooth. Extraction may be required if the tooth is destroyed too far.
Role of Forensic Chemist in crime investigation
Authors: Kumar Devendra
Published: November 2016

Edmund Locard is the father of Forensic Chemistry. Forensic means scientific test or techniques used in connection with detection of crime. A Forensic Physician analyzes a variety of suspected substances, most often for law enforcement purposes. A Forensic Chemist can assist in the identification of unknown material found at a crime scene. Forensic Chemist uses G.C.-M.S.(Gas Chromatography- Mass Spectroscopy) analysis, A.A.S.(Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy), F.T.I.R.S.(Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy), T.L.C.(Thin Layer Chromatography). A.A.S. is destructive and F.T.I.R.S is a non-destructive process to identify a substance.
Importance of skill based education for the development of personality
Authors: Rani Geeta
Published: November 2016

The term personality is derived from Latin word ‘persona’ which means ‘mask’ in olden days. The Greek actors used a mask to hide their identity. The personality is the organization of the internal and external activities. It includes the external appearances, qualities, aptitude and capacities etc. One individual effects other individual through his personality. Generally, some skills should be developed for effective personality through education as – physical activities, self realization, team work, human values etc.
The rediscovery of Vedic Ganita
Authors: Awasthi Jitendra
Published: November 2016

From ancient times Mathematics has great importance in India. In the classical period of Indian Mathematics, important contributions were made by scholars like Aryabhatt, Brahmgupta, Mahaveera etc. Later on Shri Bharti Krishna Teert rediscovered the old Mathematics in a new form known as Vedic Ganita.
Neutrino oscillations
Authors: Sah Meeta
Published: November 2016

The source of solar energy is such a nuclear process in which hydrogen nuclei fuse together to form Helium nucleus. In this process, energy is released along with positrons and neutrino. Scientists have absorbed and counted these neutrons thereby revealing many hidden mysteries of the universe and fundamental particles. Research work done in the field of Neutrino Astronomy has given information about three states of neutrino.
Green House effect: a global problem
Authors: Chaurasia Niranjani
Published: November 2016

The earth's natural climate has always been and still constantly changing. Greenhouse effect is warming of the surface of the earth by a complex process involving sunlight, trace gases and particles in the atmosphere. Some of the heat energy escapes to the space but much of it is trapped by the layers of atmospheric greenhouse gases to outer space and get absorbed. Thus the earth's lower atmosphere heats up. The greenhouse effect is a natural phenomenon and vital to life. Without the greenhouse effect the earth's average temperature would be -180C, instead of current average temperature of 150C. However, problem arise when the atmospheric concentration of greenhouse gases such as CO2, CH4, N2O, O3, halocarbons and water vapour increases.
Medicinal use of Cynodon dactylon
Authors: Singh Santosh Kumar
Published: November 2016

Medicinal activity of Cynodon dactylon (Family: Poaceae) is very useful and play an important role in our life activities. The study was undertaken to investigate the Hypoglycemic and Ant diabetic effect of single and repeat Oral administration of aqueous extract of grass resulted, significant reduction of 59% in the blood sugar level.
Role of ICT in Higher Education
Authors: Sinha Shweta , Lamba Shalini
Published: November 2016

- ICT is a broader term that includes all technologies for the communication of information. It is the technology that enables the handling (creation, storage, and access) of information and facilitates different forms of communication (radio, television, cellular phones, computer , hardware and software, various services and applications for broadcasting information. The development of ICT has influenced all walks of life like agriculture, health, decision making, administration, and also education is no exception to this. This article focuses on the role of ICT in higher education. ICT is potentially a powerful tool for extending educational opportunities and resulting in a remarkable growth in the higher education sector and leading to quality enhancements. The government is spending a lot of money on ICT: the National Mission on Education is emphasizing on the role of ICT in increasing the enrolment ratio in higher education and availability of trained teachers in the process of dissemination of education. The main factors that affect the adoption of ICT in education are the mission or goal of a particular system, programs and curricula, teaching/learning strategies and techniques, learning material and resources, communication, support and delivery systems, students, tutors, staff and other experts, management and evaluation.
Cyber bullying: Resources and Prevention Strategies
Authors: Lamba Shalini , Sinha Shweta , Tripathi Pranati
Published: November 2016

Now a days, the Internet has created a whole new world of social communications for us and our life is not untouched with “Cyber” i.e. the electronic technology. Cyber bullying is the use of modern internet technology to harass, threaten, embarrass, or target another person. The modern technologies like cell phones, computers, and tablets and social communication tools like social media sites, text messages, chat, and websites were designed with the positive thought of their involvement in the activities like connecting people with friends and family, helping students with school, imparting education and for entertainment etc. but they are now-a-days used with a negative approach to spread rumours, undesired posts on social networking sites, posting of unwanted and embarrassing pictures, videos, websites, or fake profiles. Cyber bullying can be said as Cyber harassment at the youth level. The Cyber bullying is more traumatic since it is harsh, public and moreover anonymous where youth has incomplete, wrong or sometimes no information about nameless attackers. Cyber bullying can happen in various forms at any time of day and night, and also intentionally or accidently. It is one of the most sensitive issues to be considered.