bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Интенсиональные семантики для некоторых систем позитивной силлогистики
Authors: Legeydo Maria M.
Published: December 2021

Статья посвящена рассмотрению интенсиональных семантик для некоторых систем позитивной силлогистики: фундаментальной силлогистики и ее подсистем, силлогистики ${\bf С2}$ и силлогистики Больцано.
Интенсиональные семантики, представленные в статье, строятся на основе синтаксического подхода, предложенного В.И. Шалаком и далее развитого В.И. Маркиным, при котором общим терминам приписываются формулы пропозиционального языка, а значимость силлогистических констант определяется через отношение классического, а потом и релевантного следования.
Первый раздел статьи содержит описание уже имеющихся интенсиональных семантик с релевантным следованием для фундаментальной силлогистики и ее подсистемы ${\bf ИФС}$, а также предлагаются две новые системы (промежуточные между ${\bf ФС}$ и ${\bf ИФС}$), для одной из которых доказана адекватность семантики исчислению.
Второй и третий разделы посвящены двум другим известным силлогистическим системам: силлогистике ${\bf С2}$ и силлогистике Больцано. Для обеих систем представлена интенсиональная семантика с классическим и релевантным следованием, доказаны адекватность данных семантик соответствующим исчислениям.
Предложенные семантики расширяют выразительные возможности силлогистики, а также представляются интересными в свете развивающегося интенсионального подхода к трактовке силлогистических семантик. Также в статье обозначены еще нерешенные проблемы в данной области: предложены возможные семантики для некоторых систем, поиск аксиоматизаций для которых представляет дальнейший интерес.
Case Study: Single-Aqueous-Phase Retarded Acid Performance Offshore Sarawak
Authors: Wu J. , Sickorez J. , Street J. , Tonmukayakul P. , Lee J. , Craig S. , Monette M. , Nguyen Q. P.
Published: December 2021

The purpose of acid stimulation of carbonate formations is to increase production. The essential component for these stimulation fluids is the carbonate-dissolving agent, which creates conductivity channels connecting the reservoir with the wellbore. Controlling the reactivity of hydrochloric acid (HCl), the most-used dissolving agent due to its high dissolving capacity, wide availability, and low unit cost, is the most viable approach to successfully stimulate a high-temperature carbonate reservoir.

It is essential to retard the HCl-carbonate rock reaction to achieve the optimum balance between total fluid used and enhanced well production. It is well documented that the conventional emulsified acid exhibits high friction pressure, is cumbersome to prepare, and performs with sensitivity to a multitude of parameters. These drawbacks have prevented the industrywide adoption of this method.

The recently developed single-aqueous-phase retarded acid (SAPRA) designed for primarily 15–25% HCl solutions represents a significant step forward. The first successful field implementation of SAPRA took place offshore the Malaysian state of Sarawak in early 2021.

At Sarawak, the HCl reactivity was regulated and retarded by a single potent low- dosage additive, which is compatible with selected acid corrosion inhibitors, nonemulsifiers, H2S scavengers, other commonly used additives, and if necessary, friction reducers.

Improving Acid Stimulation Efficiency

The technical approach behind SAPRA is based on chemical technology that enables the reduction of the reaction rate and allows the control of the diffusion/mass transfer mechanism. This is key in designing the acid treatment to optimize chemical program cost and well production and has been extensively studied (Al Moajil et al. 2020; Czupski et al. 2020; Daeffler et al. 2018; and Abdrazakov et al. 2018).

The technology was developed utilizing a surface barrier concept where transiently adsorbed retarder molecules adhere to a carbonate surface and thus, delay the hydrogen ion carbonate reaction over a range of acid concentrations and operating temperatures. Due to the complexity of the chemical interactions among all the additives in the acid fluid system, the selected additives must be screened to ensure mutual compatibility before conducting performance testing such as corrosion rate, calcite solubility capacity characterization, and coreflow measurements. Incompatible chemistry could lead to severe corrosion issues such as the examples shown in Table 1.
Machine-Learning Upscales Realistic Discrete Fracture Simulations
Authors: Carpenter Chris
Published: December 2021

This article, written by JPT Technology Editor Chris Carpenter, contains highlights of paper SPE 203962, “Upscaling of Realistic Discrete Fracture Simulations Using Machine Learning,” by Nikolai Andrianov, SPE, Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland, prepared for the 2021 SPE Reservoir Simulation Conference, Galveston, Texas, 4–6 October. The paper has not been peer reviewed.

Upscaling of discrete fracture networks to continuum models such as the dual-porosity/dual-permeability (DP/DP) model is an industry-standard approach in modeling fractured reservoirs. In the complete paper, the author parametrizes the fine-scale fracture geometries and assesses the accuracy of several convolutional neural networks (CNNs) to learn the mapping between this parametrization and DP/DP model closures. The accuracy of the DP/DP results with the predicted model closures was assessed by a comparison with the corresponding fine-scale discrete fracture matrix (DFM) simulation of a two-phase flow in a realistic fracture geometry. The DP/DP results matched the DFM reference solution well. The DP/DP model also was significantly faster than DFM simulation.

Introduction

The goal of this study was to evaluate the effect of different CNN architectures on prediction accuracy for the DP/DP model closures and on the accuracy of DP/DP simulations in comparison with fine-scale DFM simulations. As a starting point, two CNN configurations were considered that have achieved breakthrough performance in image-classification tasks. The author adopted these architectures to the problem of learning the mapping between pixelated fracture geometries and the DP/DP model closures and indicated several key features in the CNN structure that are crucial for achieving high prediction accuracy.

Mapping of fracture geometries requires significant effort, which limits the possibilities for creating large training data sets with realistic fracture geometries. The author, therefore, used the synthetic random linear fractures’ data set to train the CNNs and the fracture geometry from the Lägerdorf outcrop for testing purposes. It was demonstrated that an optimal CNN configuration yielded the DP/DP model closures such that the corresponding DP/DP results matched well the two-phase DFM simulations on a subset of the Lägerdorf data. The run times for the DP/DP model were a fraction of the time needed to accomplish the DFM simulations. Problem formulation is presented in a series of equations in the complete paper.
"Why I Stay in Community Psychiatric Rehabilitation" -A Semi-Structured Survey in Schizophrenic Patients
Authors: Zheng Shan-Shan , Zhang Hui , Zhang Man-Hua , Li Xue , Chang Kuo , Yang Feng-Chi
Published: December 2021

Aims: Although community psychiatric rehabilitation plays an important role in returning schizophrenic patients to the society, Many patients in China stay in rehabilitation centers for longer periods of time and subsequently fail to integrate. This study aimed is to explore the underlying causes of this trend and identify possible solutions.Methods: A total of 28 schizophrenic patients were enrolled in this study. We used semi-structured telephone interviews to obtain patients’ perceptions on the effectiveness and attraction of community mental rehabilitation, as well as the difficulties of social inclusion, then applied the grounded theory to analyze the responses. Investigation of interviews include effect of community rehabilitation, attractiveness, and difficulties in social communication.Results: Most patients believe that they have gained knowledge, improved skills, friendship and social circles through community mental rehabilitation, with the sense of belonging and enriched life strongly attracting them to the rehabilitation centers. They felt that the difficulty of further integration into society is mainly because of social prejudice and rejection. In addition, the activities of community mental rehabilitation meet the needs of social communication, which also hinder patients from further entering the society.Conclusions: Schizophrenic patients with long-term stay in community mental rehabilitation centers meet their friendship, sense of belonging and social needs by participating in rehabilitation activities. Providing special social opportunity for these patients can get them out of the rehabilitation center. Overall, it is possible for patients to gradually return to society in a collective form.
Feasibility and Acceptability of a Culturally Sensitive Intervention To Promote Genetic Counseling
Authors: Henderson Vida , Madrigal Jessica , Kendall Le’Chaun , Parekh Pooja , Newsome Jennifer , Chukwudozie Ifeanyi Beverly , Comer-Hagans DeLawnia , Coffey Vickii , Grumbach Giesela , Spencer Shirley , Rodgers Carolyn , Kaur Ravneet , Balay Lara , Maga Tara , Ramamonjiarivelo Zo , Balthazar Catherine , Winn Robert , Watson Karriem , Odoms-Young Angela , Hoskins Kent F.
Published: December 2021

Background

Despite the benefits of genetic counseling (GC) and testing, uptake of cancer genetic services is generally low and African American (AA) women are substantially less likely to receive genetic services than non-Hispanic White women. Our team developed a culturally sensitive, narrative decision aid video to promote uptake of GC among AA women at risk for a hereditary breast cancer syndrome. We report here a pilot study to demonstrate feasibility and acceptability of incorporating this intervention in conjunction with population-based cancer risk assessment in a clinical setting with medically underserved AA women.
Methods

AA women recommended for GC based on cancer genetic risk assessment performed in a mammography center were recruited at the time of the mammogram. A prospective, pre-post survey study design, guided by theoretical constructs, was used to evaluate baseline and immediate post-intervention psychosocial factors, including intention to participate in GC and intervention satisfaction.
Results

Pilot recruitment goals were met (n=30). Pre-intervention, 50% of participants indicated that they were extremely likely to make a GC appointment, compared with 70% post-intervention (p=0.0001). After watching the intervention, 50% of participants indicated that the video changed their mind regarding GC.
Conclusions

This study demonstrated cultural acceptability of a decision aid intervention designed to motivate AA women with hereditary breast cancer risk to attend a GC appointment. Our study showed that intention may be a specific and key construct to target in interventions designed to support decision-making about genetic services. Study results informed the design of a subsequent large scale, randomized implementation study.
Neuroblast Differentiation-Associated Protein Derived Polypeptides: AHNAK(5758-5775) Induced Inflammatory Reaction in Skin By Mast Cells Activation
Authors: Che Delu , Song Xiangjin , Zhang Lei , Du Xueshan , Zheng Yi , Jia Tao , Zhou Tong , Geng Songmei
Published: December 2021

Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory skin disease. Mast cells significantly increase and activate in the lesions and are involved in psoriatic inflammation. Neuroblast differentiation-associated protein (AHNAK) mainly express in skin, esophagus and kidney, which participates in the differentiation of neurons, the formation of cytoskeletal structure muscular regeneration and the calcium homeostasis process. Whether AHNAK is involved in mast cell activation is unclear, and the mechanisms of AHNAK induced skin inflammation also needs investigation. To investigate whether Neuroblast differentiation-associated protein derived polypeptides: AHNAK(5758-5775) activates mast cells and induces skin inflammation contributing to psoriasis, wild-type mice were treated with AHNAK(5758-5775) to observe inflammatory cells infiltrated in skin and cytokines release in vivo. Release of inflammatory mediators by mouse primary mast cells, LAD2 cells and human neutrophils were measured in vitro. Neutrophils and mast cells were co-cultured to verify AHNAK(5758-5775)’ role in inflammation. Molecular docking analysis, molecular dynamics simulation and siRNA transfection were used to prove the receptor of AHNAK(5758-5775). AHNAK(5758-5775) caused skin inflammation in WT mice by recruitment of neutrophils and cytokines release. Moreover, AHNAK(5758-5775) does not directly activate neutrophils PPD, while it is via mast cells. ST2 seems to be a key receptor meditating the activation effect of AHNAK(5758-5775) on mast cells and lead to cytokines release. Altogether, we proposed the novel polypeptide: AHNAK(5758-5775), which might induce inflammation and participated in the occurrence and development of psoriasis by activating mast cells.
Essence and content of the notion «operational-investigative tactics»
Authors: Сергій Павленко
Published: December 2021

This article carried out a detailed scientific analysis of the nature and content of operational search tactics. Analysis of the vocabulary literature suggests that, despite minor differences in the interpretation of the concept of tactics, in general, this term means "an integral part of the art of war that combines the theory and practice of preparing and conducting combat." According to the results of the study, it was established that the theoretical basis for the formation of operational-search tactics was the groundwork of forensic scientists. The author's wording of the concept of “operational-search tactics” is provided as a direction of operational-search activity, formed on the basis of its theoretical principles and practical experience of entities carrying out this activity legally with the goal of fulfilling the tasks stipulated by the Law of Ukraine “On operational-search activity” Based on the analysis of the scientific heritage of scientists, it has been established that operational-search tactics in the theory of operational-search activity can be divided into general and special ones.The questions about the delimitation (ratio) of the tactics of secret investigative (search) actions and tactics of operational search activities are considered. Despite some common signs of tactics for conducting secret investigative (search) actions and operational search activities, it should be remembered that investigation tactics are traditionally considered in the framework of criminalistics, but operational search activities are the subject of the study of the theory of operational search activities. At the same time, it was noted that the tactics of secret investigative (investigative) actions, although individual in their sense, should predominantly be based on the provisions of operational investigative activity, and not criminalistics, at least taking into account the fact that the theoretical and practical operational search tactics worked over the years.It is concluded that both forensic and operational search tactics will require a high-quality update. In particular, the results of a survey of investigators and operational workers indicate the need and desirability of borrowing foreign experience in terms of education and training of investigators and operational units on tactics of identifying, preventing and investigating crimes in the field of high technologies (as noted by 81% of respondents).
Moderate Behavior of Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) as a Role Model in Encountering Pluralism
Authors: Maulidi Ahmad Riyadh
Published: December 2021

Moderation is the attitude of being in the middle that must be owned by a Muslim, especially Muslims in Indonesia who live amid pluralism. Problems in Indonesia related to intolerant behavior are mainly caused by the lack of moderate attitudes, especially Muslims. Islam should be a pioneer in implementing this reasonable behavior as the majority religion. The research describes some moderate behaviors exemplified by the Prophet Muhammad (SAW) during his life as a role model for Muslims. This research is qualitative descriptive research with a literature study method. The results showed that the moderate behavior of the Prophet Muhammad was reflected in his behavior when Surah al-Kafirun was revealed, his tolerance towards other religions, and his wisdom in solving the problem of laying the Black Stone. He is moderate in doing worship, not excessive. He also sleeps, breaks his fast, gets married, and orders people to pray in a new state that the values of moderate behavior from the exemplary human figure of the Prophet Muhammad (SAW) can be applied in overcoming the challenges of a pluralistic life to create a sense of unity.
Nationalism, Patriotism and Political Ideas of Sir Syed Ahmad Khan: an Analysis
Authors: Ahmed Tanjeel , Amin Muhammad
Published: December 2021

Sir Syed Ahmad Khan (Founder of Aligarh Muslim University) was born into a noble Muslim family in 1817; he was a distinguished scholar while working as a lawyer at the British East India Company. After realizing the worthless condition of Muslims, his approach to western education for the benefit of the Muslim community became a priority. This study contemplates that Sir Syed was religiously oriented and very politically aware of nationalism and patriotism. The author uses primary data and also secondary data. The author also explores his main books and articles; the author aims to examine Sir Syed's nationalist and political ideas concerning political significance for Muslims in India. The writer would like to know the result that, what is the reason, Sir Syed was against the Indian National Congress. At the same time, the whole Indian society was afraid of the British, but Sir Syed maintained his good relations with the British, and he also showed the loyalty of the Muslims towards them. This study found the conclusion about Sir Syed that he became a symbol of communal harmony.
Manufacturing of complex geometric structure metal matrix structures used for special purposes
Authors: Ekinli Bekir , Kaba Mehmet , Ersoy Sezgin
Published: December 2021

Three-dimensional (3D) production systems are making rapid progress and their needs are met in every field from the construction sector to the food sector. This technology is based on a hardware called the 3D printer which performs layered production. These printers are used in producing both prototypes and machine parts and mold tools. 3D prints can be produced using 3D printers with that are based on different technologies. These production systems have some disadvantages as well as the advantages they provide. Filament supported productions have a common problem if the fluid gets stuck in the flow line. In this study, screw extruder design and product development will be provided as a new generation production technology to be used in additive production as an innovative approach in additive manufacturing technology.
Investigation of Sediment Deposition in Dam Reservoirs
Authors: GÜVEL Şerife Pınar
Published: December 2021

The goal of this study is to investigate the water storage capacity changes in Geographic Information System (GIS) environment due to sedimentation in Kozan Dam Reservoir by examining the local map of the reservoir area and the bathymetric measurements in 2014 of the reservoir. Kozan Dam is operational since 1972 and is located in Lower Ceyhan River Basin in Turkey. Reservoir storage capacity loss is estimated by using GIS tools in digital environment and found as %88.7, %7.5 and %6.5 at minimum, normal and maximum operation level of the reservoir respectively. The need for rehabilitation has arisen in Kozan Irrigation Project in time. In terms of efficient use of water, it is necessary to monitor the amount of water stored in Kozan Dam Reservoir which is used as a water resource of the irrigation project in terms of providing expected performance.
The Best Time to Start Stroke Rehabilitation: A Review of the Evidence in ResourceAdequate and Resource Constrained Settings
Authors:   University of Zambia, Mweshi Margaret M. , Shula Hastings K. ,   University of Zambia, Nkhata Loveness A. ,   The University of Zambia, School of Health Sciences, Chiluba Brian ,   University of Zambia
Published: December 2021

Background: Stroke is a global health problem and one of the major causes of death, disability and impairment among adults worldwide. Post-stroke outcomes vary widely, between and within world regions depending on a range of factors including demographic profile, stroke type, severity and immediate and long-term post stroke care. It has been reported that early initiation of rehabilitation following stroke promotes better long-term outcomes than delayed rehabilitation, although this has been disputed by some researchers in the AVERT (A very early rehabilitation trial) study. Purpose of Review: To evaluate the best time to start stroke rehabilitation with good outcomes Results of the Review: There is limited evidence to show that later rehabilitation is better than early rehabilitation. It also remains unclear whether early mobilization is more effective than mobilization at a later stage, due to insufficient statistical power of the studies that have examined this practice because clinicians around the world are practicing this model to this day. Furthermore, some trial limitations of the AVERT study in line with the uncertainty of the external validity of the results, make generalizability something to be concerned about. Conclusion: The best time to start stroke rehabilitation is as soon as the patient is clinically stable i.e; as early as possible. The results of the poor outcomes of the AVERT study in providing evidence of the impact of early stroke rehabilitation, should not be interpreted as proof of the ineffectiveness of early physical rehabilitation. Every stroke is different from one person to another because the impact of the damage to the brain is associated with the different functions of several parts of the brain making generalizability quite difficult. Therefore, in the absence of provision of high quality evidence, clinicians like physiotherapists should base their decisions on clinical experience, individual circumstances and patient preferences as appropriate. It is extremely important to develop evidence-based practice protocols that can guide clinical practice on the best time to start stroke rehabilitation and also enhancing plasticity and reducing the negative impact of stroke through pharmacotherapy, especially for
Summarizing Epic
Authors:   Founders Chair Professor (Former), School of Arts and Humanities, University of Texas at Dallas., Turner Frederick
Published: December 2021

It is claimed that the literary humanities are profoundly compromised and may even be irrelevant, that the appeal of literature is quixotic and anachronistic at best. I argue that there is life in the old dog yet. In the genre we set aside and dismissed, i.e., epic, the oldest one of all, may be found the revival of literary studies; and close by is the whole burgeoning, vital, and chaotic world of current popular epic, of big-screen action and fantastic cybernetic games, that sorely needs a rooting and a clarifying guide.
Understanding Dalit Literature: A Critical Perspective Towards Dalit Aesthetics
Authors:   Research Scholar, NIT Jamshedpur, Jamshedpur, Jharkhand., Kumari Priyanka , Kapoor Maninder ,   HOD NIT Jamshedpur, Jamshedpur, Jharkhand
Published: December 2021

Indian literature has always been governed by classical norms. Literature has been divided into ‘high culture’ and ‘low culture’. The non-Dalit writing revolves around ‘rasa’ and the motive is ‘art for art’s sake’. Dalit aestheticism is ‘art for life’s sake’. When certain forms and styles are applied imitating Sanskrit poetics, Shakespearean language or Aristotle’s ‘Poetics’, literature is considered to be following beauty parameters that are considered to be necessary for artistic pleasure. This kind of claim of holding traditional Indian aesthetics as a law book for all kinds of literature cannot be validated. The assertion of mainstream aesthetics as aesthetics for pan India is bound to exclude the truth of disregarded subjects. There is a need for Dalit literature to follow alternative aesthetics as the writings are the real story of pain and survival. How can pain be read for the purpose of pleasure? In the case of Dalit literature, the artistic yardsticks are not destroyed rather they are rejected. The traditional aesthetics will not be able to do justice with Dalit literature. Sharankumar Limbale writes “To assert that someone’s writing will be called literature only when ‘our’ literary standards can be imposed on is a sign of cultural dictatorship” (Limbale, 2004, p. 107). This paper will be an attempt to discuss the need for alternative aesthetics to understand Dalit literature.
Problematising Tribality: A Critical Engagement with Hansda Sowvendra Shekhar’s The Adivasi Will Not Dance: Stories
Authors:   Research Scholar, Department of English, Sikkim University., Ekka Francis , Chamling Rosy
Published: December 2021

Tribality simply means the characteristic features of various tribal communities and the qualities of being tribal. In the 1940s leading anthropologists like Verrier Elwin and G.S.Ghurye tried to theorize and categorize tribal identities. However, they were often accused of representing either a ‘protective’ or ‘romantic’ notions of tribality. One cannot determine the tribality of a person based on their features, dialects, food habits or geographical location. Tribality is said to bind the pan-Indian Tribal literature which is again problematic considering language which is considered as the useful indicator of any identity. Tribal Literature is a distinct form of writing to represent people, things and ideas in their cultural authenticities. The tribals essentially have an oral culture and thus when a tribal writer like Hansda Sowvendra Shekhar, a Government Doctor by profession, writes in the canonical English language, we will be tempted to probe if he seeks to ‘write in’ or ‘write back’ to the mainstream literary culture; or if his works can fit into the mould of minor literature, thereby making the seemingly personal an intensely political statement. This paper also aims to interrogate issues of tribal identity and their representation through a critical engagement with Hansda Sowvendra Shekhar’s The Adivasi Will Not Dance: Stories (2017).
Experimental study on flow over arced-plan porous weirs
Authors: Pirzad M. , Pourmohammadi M. H. , Ghorbanizadeh Kharazi H. , Solimani Babarsad M. , Derikvand E.
Published: December 2021

Unlike conventional impermeable weirs, porous weirs do not clog the flow and passage of aquatic life with increased aeration or aerobic reactions. They have minimal negative effects on the environment and are known as environmentally friendly structures. This study experimentally investigates the hydraulic performance of arced-plan porous weirs (APPWs) in different hydraulic and geometric conditions. For this purpose, four different porous and two solid weirs were examined. Experiments were conducted in a horizontal laboratory flume with length, width and height of 20, 0.6 and 0.5 m, respectively, for a wide range of flow rates, particle sizes and three arc lengths. Results showed that increasing filling material sizes increases the free discharge coefficient and reduces the submerged discharge reduction factor (DRF). It was also concluded that the weirs’ effective length significantly impacts the free discharge coefficient and has no significant effect on the threshold submergence index and submerged DRF. Unlike solid weirs, the threshold submergence of porous weirs occurs at a downstream depth lower than the weir's height. Finally, according to the dimensional analysis and gene-expression programming approach, three relations were extracted to calculate the free discharge coefficient, threshold submergence index and submerged DRF for APPWs.
Method of Calculation of Integrated Performance Indicators of Defense Industry Organizations
Authors: Eroshin S. E.
Published: December 2021

The purpose of the study is to develop a parametric monitoring system for defense industry enterprises, optimizing on the principle of minimum sufficiency a set of key indicators of the activities of organizations and increasing the efficiency of management of research institutes, design bureaus, industrial and service enterprises of the military-industrial complex.

Materials and methods. The methodological and theoretical basis of the presented scientific work is a system of mathematical methods for analyzing empirical data on the object of study, providing objective, accurate and systematic information on the researched processes. The reliability of scientific provisions, conclusions and practical recommendations is confirmed by the experience of applying the results of the study in the analysis of the activities of enterprises of Concern Almaz-Antey JSC, as well as comparing them with the results of research by domestic and foreign scientists in the field of organizing a management system for high-tech companies. Author relied on actual statistical information about the activities of organizations of the military-industrial complex, the results of research in the field of mathematical analysis, organization and planning of machine-building production, research of operations, rank statistics, probability theory, theory of adaptive management, economics and enterprise management.

Results. A method has been developed for processing data on the activities of enterprises and reducing them to the optimal set of observed indicators without losing awareness of the monitoring object; possibilities of using non-parametric methods of statistics for analysis of complex systems, in particular, holdings of defense industry, have been researched.

Conclusion. Each enterprise has its own specificity depending on the specifics of the production processes. There is now a significant number of different indicators that comprehensively, and often too extensively, characterize what is happening. This situation often makes it difficult to manage production facilities, since the actual picture of the state of the facilities is obscured by an excess of secondary information. In this regard, it seems reasonable to try to weed out unnecessary indicators and use only those that carry the necessary amount of information sufficient to reflect the specifics of the enterprise. The presented work theoretically and practically proved the advantages of using non-parametric statistics in enterprise monitoring, which allows reducing temporary losses in the development of management solutions and increasing their efficiency at the level of the parent companies of defense-industrial associations.
Where is the European Court of Human Rights Heading? Comments on the Grand Chamber Admissibility Decision in the Case of Ukraine v. Russia (re Crimea) (Applications No. 20958/14 and 38334/18)
Authors: Kleczkowska Agata
Published: December 2021

The aim of this article is to analyse the European Court of Human Rights (hereinafter: the Court) decision on admissibility in the Ukraine v. Russia (re Crimea) case from the perspective of the Court’s comments on the status of Crimea and the legality of Russia’s actions. The Court itself observed that it cannot make such findings; nevertheless, did it really refrain from examining facts and evidence which could also be used to prove the illegality of Russian actions? The article is divided into three parts. The first presents the factual background of the case. The next highlights the Court’s declarations about the scope of the case and refusal to engage in assessment of the legality of Russian actions. The third and fourth parts focus on the Court’s examination of the effective control by Russia over Crimea and the issue of jurisdiction, assessing whether the Court limited itself solely to the issues indispensable for a decision on admissibility.
SynB3 Conjugated QBP1 Passes Blood-Brain Barrier Models and Inhibits PolyQ Protein Aggregation
Authors: Zuo Lingyan , Li Weiqian , Shi Jifang , Su Yingzhen , Shuai Hongyan , Yu Xin
Published: December 2021

Background:

Polyglutamine diseases are degenerative diseases in the central nervous
system caused by CAG trinucleotide repeat expansion which encodes polyglutamine tracts, leading
to the misfolding of pathological proteins. Small peptides can be designed to prevent polyglutamine
diseases by inhibiting the polyglutamine protein aggregation, for example, polyglutamine
binding peptide 1(QBP1). However, the transportation capability of polyglutamine binding peptide
1 across the blood-brain barrier is less efficient. We hypothesized whether its therapeutic effect
could be improved by increasing the rate of membrane penetration.

Objectives:

The objective of the study was to explore whether polyglutamine binding peptide 1 conjugated
cell-penetrating peptides could pass through the blood-brain barrier and inhibit the aggregation
of polyglutamine proteins.

Methods:

In order to investigate the toxic effects, we constructed a novel stable inducible PC12
cells to express Huntington protein that either has 11 glutamine repeats or 63 glutamine repeats to
mimic wild type and polyglutamine expand Huntington protein, respectively. Both SynB3 and
TAT conjugated polyglutamine binding peptide 1 was synthesized, respectively. We tested their capabilities
to pass through a Trans-well system and subsequently studied the counteractive effects
on polyglutamine protein aggregation.

Results:

The conjugation of cell-penetrating peptides to SynB3 and TAT enhanced the transportation
of polyglutamine binding peptide 1 across the mono-cell layer and ameliorated polyglutamine--
expanded Huntington protein aggregation; moreover, SynB3 showed better delivery efficiency
than TAT. Interestingly, it has been observed that polyglutamine binding peptide 1 specifically inhibited
polyglutamine-expanded protein aggregation rather than affected other amyloidosis proteins,
for example, β-Amyloid.

Conclusion:

Our study indicated that SynB3 could be an effective carrier for polyglutamine binding
peptide 1 distribution through the blood-brain barrier model and ameliorate the formation of polyglutamine
inclusions; thus SynB3 conjugated polyglutamine binding peptide 1 could be considered
as a therapeutic candidate for polyglutamine diseases.
Heterocyclic Moieties as HDAC Inhibitors: Role in Cancer Therapeutics
Authors: Tasneem Sharba , Alam Mohammad Mumtaz , Amir Mohammad , Akhter Mymoona , Parvez Suhel , Verma Garima , Nainwal Lalit Mohan , Equbal Ashif , Anwer Tarique , Shaquiquzzaman Mohammad
Published: December 2021

‘Epigenetic’ regulation of genes via post-translational modulation of proteins is a wellexplored
approach for disease therapies, particularly cancer chemotherapeutics. Histone deacetylases
(HDACs) are one of the important epigenetic targets and are mainly responsible for balancing the
acetylation/deacetylation of lysine amino acids on histone/nonhistone proteins along with histone
acetyltransferase (HAT). HDAC inhibitors (HDACIs) have become important biologically active
compounds for the treatment of cancers due to cell cycle arrest, differentiation, and apoptosis in tumor
cells, thus leading to anticancer activity. Out of the four classes of HDAC, i.e., Class I, II, III, and IV,
HDACIs act on Class IV (Zinc dependent HDAC), and various FDA-approved drugs belong to this
category. The required canonical pharmacophore model (zinc-binding group, surface recognition cap,
and appropriate linker) supported by HDACIs, various heterocyclic moieties containing compounds
exhibiting HDAC inhibitory activity, and structure-activity relationship of different synthetic derivatives
reported during the last twelve years have been summarized in this review.
Ultrasound-Assisted Synthesis of β-enaminone Derivatives via Tin(IV)-
Catalyzed Addition Reaction from β-dicarbonyl Compounds with Nitriles
Authors: Pei Shuchen , Yang Jinhua , Wang Jieyu , Yuan Kangyao , Li Ziqiang
Published: December 2021

An efficient and eco-friendly approach for the synthesis of β-enaminone derivatives is
described by adding nitriles with β-dicarbonyl compounds under ultrasound irradiation conditions
at room temperature. The scope and limitation of this strategy are also discussed. A variety of substituted
amides can be obtained in moderate to good yields. We hope that this protocol for the efficient
synthesis of β-enaminones will offer insights into further investigations.
Comprehensive Review: Miracle Tree Moringa oleifera Lam.
Authors: Mona Kaushal , Shivangini Patel , Nisha Parikh
Published: December 2021

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From ancient times, humans have depended on plants as a source of medicines. The interest in plants is as old as mankind itself. For novel agents to heal various disorders and improve health, the plant kingdom represents a rich store of folk traditional medicines and organic compounds. Various plants with medicinal properties are used as traditional medicines; M. oleifera Lam. (family Moringaceae) is one of them. M. oleifera Lam. drumstick tree is a tropical species known by various regional names as kelor, saguna, sahjan, sajiwan, sajna, Subhanjana, and suragavo. M. oleifera occurs naturally and is also cultivated throughout India. It is a small to medium-sized tree known as an admirable source of nutrition and a natural energy booster. Primary and secondary metabolites such as minerals, protein, vitamins, and various phenolic compounds are present in different parts of the plant. Most parts of this plant (bark, flowers, fruits, leaves, pods, roots, and seeds) show various pharmacological activities such as analgesic, anti-atherogenic, anti-cancer, antidiabetic, anti-fertility, anti-inflammatory, anti-microbial, anti-oxidative, anti-pyretic, etc. M. oleifera has the potential to improve nutrition and to reduce malnutrition, especially among infants and nursing mothers as well as boost food security in developing countries.
The Synthesis, Structural Modification and Mode of Anticancer Action of Evodiamine: A Review
Authors: Yao Lei , Fan Meixia
Published: December 2021

Background:

Finding novel antitumor reagents from naturally occurring alkaloids is a
widely accepted strategy. Evodiamine, a tryptamine indole alkaloid isolated from Evodia rutaecarpa,
has a wide range of biological activities, such as anti-tumor, anti-inflammation, and anti-bacteria.
Hence, research on the structural modification of evodiamine will facilitate the discovery of
new antitumor drugs.

Objective:

The recent advances in the synthesis of evodiamine, and studies on the drug design, biological
activities, and structure-activity-relationships of its derivatives, published in patents and primary
literature, are reviewed in this paper.

Methods:

The literature, including patents and follow-up research papers from 2015 to 2020, related
to evodiamine is searched in the Scifinder, PubMed, Espacenet, China National Knowledge Infrastructure
(CNKI), and Wanfang databases. The keywords are evodiamine, synthesis, modification,
anticancer, mechanism.

Results:

The synthesis of evodiamine is summarized. Then, structural modifications of evodiamine
are described, and the possible modes of action are discussed.

Conclusion:

Evodiamine has a 6/5/6/6/6 ring system, and the structural modifications are focused
on rings A, D, E, C5, N-13, and N-14. Some compounds show promising anticancer potentials and
warrant further study.
Non-hepatic Hyperammonemia: A Potential Therapeutic Target for
Sepsis-associated Encephalopathy
Authors: Zhao Lina , Li Yun , Wang Yunying , Ge Zengzheng , Zhu Huadong , Zhou Xiuhua , Li Yi
Published: December 2021

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Sepsis-associated encephalopathy (SAE) is a common complication in the acute phase of
sepsis, and patients who develop SAE have a higher mortality rate, longer hospital stay, and worse
quality of life than other sepsis patients. Although the incidence of SAE is as high as 70% in sepsis
patients, no effective treatment is available for this condition. To develop an effective treatment for
SAE, it is vital to explore its pathogenesis. It is known that hyperammonemia is a possible factor in the
pathogenesis of hepatic encephalopathy as ammonia is a potent neurotoxin. Furthermore, our previous
studies indicate that non-hepatic hyperammonemia seems to occur more often in sepsis patients; it was
also found that >50% of sepsis patients with non-hepatic hyperammonemia exhibited encephalopathy
and delirium. Substatistical analyses indicate that non-hepatic hyperammonemia is an independent risk
factor for SAE. This study updates the definition, clinical manifestations, and diagnosis of SAE; it also
investigates the possible treatment options available for non-hepatic hyperammonemia in patients with
sepsis, and the mechanisms by which non-hepatic hyperammonemia causes encephalopathy.
Biological and Clinical Implications of TNF-α Promoter and CYP1B1
Gene Variations in Coronary Artery Disease Susceptibility
Authors: Mir Rashid , Elfaki Imadeldin , Jha Chandan K. , Javid Jamsheed , Babakr Abdullatif T. , Banu Shaheena , Mir Mohammad M. , Jamwal Dheeraj , Khullar Naina , Alzahrani Khalid J , Chahal Sukh M.S.
Published: December 2021

Background:

Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are important causes of death worldwide.
Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disorder. It is the major cause of CVD and is manifested
by ischemic heart disease or coronary artery disease (CAD). TNF-α is a pro-inflammatory cytokine
that regulates immune response and promotes the development of atherosclerosis. Cytochrome
p450 1B1 (CYP1B1) is an enzyme involved in the metabolism of endogenous and exogenous substrates.

Objectives:

This study aimed at examining the association of TNF-α rs1800629 G>A and CYP1B1
rs1056827 G>T gene polymorphisms with CAD susceptibility in an Indian cohort.

Methods:

AS-PCR and direct DNA sequencing were used to examine the association of TNF-α
rs1800629 G >A and CYP1B1 rs1056827 G>T gene polymorphism with CAD in an Indian cohort.
A total of 100 clinically confirmed cases of CAD and 110 matched apparently healthy controls
were genotyped.

Results:

Allelic and genotypic frequencies did not deviate from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium in
the controls (p>0.05) for TNF-α G-308A and CYP1B1 rs1056827G>A. There was no significant
difference between the TNF-α rs1800629 A>G genotype distribution between cases and controls
(P-value >0.05). A significant difference was observed between the CYP1B1 rs1056827 G>T genotype
distribution between CAD cases and controls (p<0.0003). Our result indicated that in the codominant
model, the GA genotype of the CYP1B1 rs1056827 G>T was associated with CAD with
OR= 2.21(1.17 to 4.15), RR=1.38(1.07 to 1.78), and p<0.013. In the dominant model, the
(GA+AA) genotype was associated with CAD with OR=2.79(1.54 to 5.05) and p<0.007. The
CYP1B1 rs1056827 ‘A’ allele was associated with CAD with OR = 2.30 (1.55 to 3.42) and p<
0.0001. Our results indicated that TNF-α 1800629 gene polymorphism was strongly associated
with hypercholesteremia (p<0.0009), HDL (p<0.0001), TGL (p<0.039), hypertension (p<0.0001),
and smoking (p<0.0001) in patients with Coronary Artery Disease. Similar correlations of
CYP1B1 rs1056827 genotypes were reported with cholesterol (p<0.020), HDL (p<0.002), LDL
(p<0.006), hypertension (p<0.03), and smoking (p<0.005).

Conclusion:

It was reported that the GA genotype of the CYP1B1 rs1056827 G>T was strongly associated
with susceptibility to Coronary Artery Disease with OR= 2.21(1.17 to 4.15)) and p<0.013,
and similarly, its A allele was associated with predisposition to CAD with OR = 2.30 (1.55 to 3.42)
and p< 0.0001. Our results indicated that TNF-α 1800629 gene polymorphism is not associated
with predisposition to Coronary Artery Disease. Nevertheless, these results should be taken with
caution and further validated with larger-scale studies before being introduced in the clinical setting.
A Review of the Research on the Influencing Factors of Lubrication Performance
for Sliding Bearings
Authors: Yu Xiaodong , Zhan Shiwei , Huang Dianbin , Sun Fan , Wang Fakun , Han Fei , Zhao Yan
Published: December 2021

Background:

Sliding bearing is a kind of bearing that works under sliding friction, which
has the characteristics of stable operation, safety and reliability, and is noiseless. With the technological
progress of the machinery industry, modern machinery and equipment is developing in the
direction of high speed and heavy load, its power is getting higher and higher, and the working environment
is getting worse, so plain bearings are more and more widely used.

Objective:

In order to improve the lubricating performance of sliding bearings, the influencing factors
of the lubricating performance of sliding bearings are summarized and commented on.

Methods:

The research progress and achievements at home and abroad are summarized from three
aspects: influencing factors of lubrication performance of radial sliding bearings, thrust sliding bearings,
and influencing factors of lubricating oil on lubrication performance of sliding bearings, which
provides reference for the future development of sliding bearings.

Results:

The study discusses the experimental method, simulation process, and experimental results
of the factors affecting the lubrication performance of sliding bearing.

Conclusion:

The texture, deformation, surface morphology of oil cavity, eccentric load, and flow
state of sliding bearings all affect the lubricating performance of sliding bearings, and lubricating oil
also affects the lubricating performance of sliding bearings.
Recent Patents on Mechanical Structure of 3D Printer
Authors: Xie Baocheng , Liu Shun , Gao Huaqiang , Zhang Tingliang
Published: December 2021

Background:

3D printing technology is widely applied in transportation, industrial equipment, medical, aerospace, and civil industry due to its characteristics of material saving, no model manufacturing, and machinability of complex parts. The mechanical structure of 3D printer mainly includes 3D printer head structure and working platform and plays a major role in the machining efficiency and processing accuracy of the 3D printer. Thus, increasingly attention has been paid to the current trends of the mechanical structure of 3D printers.

Objective:

To meet the increasing requirements of 3D printing processing efficiency and precision, the mechanical structure of 3D printers, such as 3D print head structure and working platform, needs to be carefully studied, and a feasible mechanical structure of 3D printers should be proposed.

Methods:

This paper studies various representative patent related to the mechanical structure of 3D printer, analyzes the mechanical structure of 3D printer, and studies the perfect mechanical structure of 3D printer.

Results:

Through summarizing a lot of patents about the mechanical structure of 3D printers, the main current existing problems such as platform jitter and machining error are summarized and analyzed, a new mechanical structure of 3D printers is proposed. Moreover, the development tendency of the mechanical structure of 3D printers in the future is discussed.

Conclusion:

The optimization of the mechanical structure of 3D printer is conducive to increasing the machining efficiency and processing accuracy in the 3D printing process. More relevant patents about working platform and 3D printer head will be invented in the future