bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Immunomodulation of the induction phase of lymphokine‐activated killer activity by acute phase proteins
Authors: Clayman Gary L. , Liu Frank J. , Taylor Dorothy L. , Savage Howard E. , Lavedan Pierre , Buchsbaum Robert M. , Trujillo Jose M. , Schantz Stimson P.
Published: July 2017

Effective treatment of head and neck cancer with biologic response modifiers may be benefitted by an understanding of in vivo factors capable of modulating the lymphokine‐activated killer (LAK) cell phenomenon. Eighteen patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck were studied. Killer cells from each patient, activated by recombinant interleukin‐2 (10 U/ml), were induced in either complete medium alone or complete medium plus 10% autologous serum solution and analyzed. Cytotoxicity against both K562 and squamous cell carcinoma (MDA686‐Ln) cell lines was determined by use of standard chromium‐release assays. The immunomodulatory capacity of serum was correlated with levels of various acute phase proteins. Autologous serum significantly inhibited the induction phase of the LAK phenomenon in 61% of patients and stimulated it in 22%. No patients with early stage I or II disease had significant inhibition of induction. No direct correlation between inhibition and serum acute phase protein levels were seen. An inverse relationship was seen between the C, component of complement and induction inhibition (r = −0.6). These findings suggest that advances of in vivo immunomodulatory therapy will require elucidation of mechanisms of serologic inhibition of the induction phase of the LAK phenomenon. Such studies may lead to serologic modification to enhance treatment efficacy of biologic response modifiers.
Perilymphatic fistula: Surgical experience in the united states
Authors: House John W. , Morris Michael S. , Kramer Steven J. , Shasky Gary L. , Coggan Barry B. , Putter Jeffrey S.
Published: July 2017

One survey sent to 6953 individual otolaryngologic practices and 106 departments of otolaryngology at teaching hospitals in the United States, and a more limited survey of 75 patients operated on for perilymphatic fistula (PLF) at the House Ear Institute, addressed aspects of managing PLF: Surgical incidence, reliability of diagnostic tests, preoperative observations, and disability after surgery. Of surgeons sampled, 93% estimated incidence of PLF surgery to be ≤1 per 1000 otolaryngologic outpatient visits. The most reliable diagnostic indicators were history, symptomatology, and tympanometric and electronystagmographic fistula tests. About 72% of surgeons reported <4 weeks' average delay before surgery. Most surgeons and patients (≥70%) rated length of disability before return to work, exposure to noise, travel by airplane, swimming, and heavy lifting, at several weeks to several months. Diving was the most restricted activity. Results suggest that incidence of surgery and disability with PFL in the United States is very limited.
Retropharyngeal space infection: Changing trends
Authors: Gianoli Gerard J. , Espinola Trina E. , Guarisco J. Lindhe , Miller Robert H.
Published: July 2017

Retropharyngeal space infection, now a rare entity since the introduction of modern antibiotic chemotherapy, has traditionally been described to occur in children less than 4 years of age with suppurative disorders of the ear, nose, and throat. Recent reports suggest a changing trend in the epidemiology, bacteriology, diagnostic Imaging, treatment, and clinical course of this entity. However, the medical literature concerning this topic over the last two decades has consisted mainly of case reports. We reviewed eight cases of retropharyngeal space infection at our institutions over a 15‐year period, representing one of the largest clinical series of its kind in the last 20 years. Patient ages ranged from 3 months to 41 years. Findings of these cases and 13 cases from similar reports obtained by a MEDLINE computer search of the recent literature were analyzed. Results show a trend toward occurrence in older age groups, polymicrobial infections, successful use of CT scan as a diagnostic modality, and fewer patients requiring incision and drainage. These findings will be discussed and contrasted to conventional wisdom.
Receptor-Oriented Ethics in Cross-cultural Intervention
Authors: Kraft Charles H.
Published: July 2017

Christians working cross-culturally to bring about change in other societies desire to conduct their interventions ethically. What seems ethical and endorsed by God from the donor's point of view, however, may not be perceived as ethical in terms of the cultural values of the receptors. The nature of this problem is discussed and guidelines suggested to assist us in recognizing and overcoming the problem. The primary guideline in the application of the Golden Rule in terms of the culturally conditioned perception of the receptors.
Head-initial/head-final parameter in adult Chinese L2 acquisition of English
Authors: Flynn S. , Espinal I.
Published: July 2017

In this study, we investigate the role of the head-initial/head-final parameter in adult second language (L2) acquisition of English. Sixty Chinese speaking adults were tested in their elicited production of complex sentences which involved pre-and postposed adverbial subordinate clauses both with and without pronoun anaphors. Results obtained in this study match those reported earlier for Japanese speakers learning English (Flynn, 1981; 1983a; 1983b; 1984; in press). Both Japanese and Chinese are head-final languages (Kuno, 1973; Huang, 1982). Findings are used to argue for the role of the head-initial/head-final parameter in adult L2 acquisition of pronoun anaphora. They are also used to argue for a model of grammar in which parameters associated with head-direction are differentiated from parameters associated with word order (Travis, 1983; 1984). Results also provide additional empirical support for the parameter setting model of L2 acquisition currently proposed by Flynn (1983a; 1983b, in press; forthcoming).
The value of clitics in non-native Spanish
Authors: Liceras Juana M.
Published: July 2017

One of the tasks of second language acquisition research is to determine the ‘linguistic’ nature of interlanguage systems. To achieve this goal it is mandatory to formulate the properties of learners' grammars in terms of the theoretical constructs proposed by linguistic theory. I have proposed elsewhere (Liceras, 1985) that, permeability, one of those properties, is related to parameter setting. In this paper, it is hypothesized that the location of a given process in the different components of the grammar may also be relevant in the determination of permeability. In the light of conflicting evidence provided by the Spanish interlanguage of French and English speakers with respect to the value of clitics in the non-native grammar, it is suggested that, due to the nature of ‘intake’, L2 learners of Spanish may locate clitics in the lexicon (as affix-like elements) or postlexically (as words in the syntax) rather than giving them a unidimensional value. I have also suggested that non-native clitics may not share all the properties that are assigned to Modern Spanish clitic pronouns.
The other Side of the Jabbok: Genesis 32 as a Fiasco of Patriarchy
Authors: Frolov Serge
Published: July 2017

The purpose of the paper is to answer a question that is hardly ever asked by the exegetes: ‘Where were Jacob's wives and children during his famous single combat at the Jabbok?’ Identifying and analyzing topographic data scattered in Genesis 32, especially in vv. 23–24 (Eng. vv. 22–23), I argue that the text shows the patriarch trying to survive not only by fleeing the Promised Land—in spite of the deity's command to return there—but by using his family as a human shield against approaching Esau. Skillfully using the geographical setting of the episode, the narrator represents Jacob's outrageous treatment of his household as a part and parcel of his overall cowardice and faithlessness and thereby implicitly denounces patriarchy as a corrupting, ineffective and ultimately ungodly system.
The Song of Deborah: A Structural and Literary Consideration
Authors: Vincent Mark A.
Published: July 2017

The Song of Deborah can be fruitfully analyzed as a literary whole which manifests a complex and intricate structure. In this article I first argue for the value of a unified treatment before presenting my own three-fold analysis. I demonstrate that there are important structuring devices within the text which have been ignored in the literature, and that vv. 2–8 and 9–22 run in close structural and thematic parallel to one another. I then turn to an examination of some of the literary devices at work in the Song of Deborah and make some observations about the types of poetic techniques it employs.
Messengers in Isaiah and the Twelve: Implications for Reading Prophetic Books
Authors: Conrad Edgar W.
Published: July 2017

In this article I build on my previous research in which I read the book of Isaiah and the book of the Twelve intertextually. Messengers of Yahweh in both books appear in sections concerned with Persian times (Isa. 40–66 and Haggai-Zechariah-Malachi) and are associated with laying the foundations of the Temple. However, while in Isaiah laying the foundations at the time of Cyrus is viewed as a future prospect, in the Twelve it is portrayed at the time of Darius as something already accomplished. Accompanying this difference is the portrayal of messengers in Isaiah as deaf and blind, while in the Twelve they are associated with seeing and hearing. This article also strengthens an earlier thesis by Naomi Cohen that messengers in these passages in Isaiah and the Twelve blur the distinction between ‘heavenly’ and ‘mortal’ beings.
The Rhetoric of Social Conscience in the Book of Job
Authors: Aimers Geoffrey J.
Published: July 2017

This article offers a socio-rhetorical analysis of the book of Job. Rhetorical devices of dramatic irony, ambiguity, overstatement, parody (mock heroic narrative) and contrast are identified. These are seen to indicate an alternative narrative in which Job is a judge being tested for the disillusionment of his false piety, specifically the honour values which pervert his administration of the Law. This is seen against an historico-political background in which an urban elite, bolstered by the honour values of the Wisdom Tradition, were able to exploit the poor through corruption of the judiciary. Thus the book of Job is seen as equivalent to a political satire (from a prophetic perspective) in the sense that it is an example story of the reform of a political figure. The honour discourse is seen as offering a means to integrate the Prologue, Dialogues and Epilogue in the book of Job from a didactic perspective. The view that the book of Job is a Wisdom text concerned with universal themes is thus challenged.
Elisha and the Woman of Shunem: 2 Kings 4.8–37 and 8.1–6 Read in Conjunction
Authors: Roncace Mark
Published: July 2017

Although scholars have closely studied 2 Kgs 4.8–37, few have given careful consideration to the sequel in 2 Kgs 8.1–6. The fact that the sequel explicitly refers back to the earlier story and that the two texts feature the same characters invites the reader to examine the relationship between the two narratives. Closer reading also reveals other literary and thematic connections, including motifs of food and house, the use of intermediaries, framing devices and the significance of prophetic presence and absence. These connections show that the sequel develops the critique and ambiguous depiction of Elisha while elevating the woman. A few suggestions are offered concerning the significance of the critique of the prophet and of the portrayal of a strong female character.
Mirror, Mirror on the Wall, Must We Leave Eden, Once and for All? A Lacanian Pleasure Trip Through the Garden
Authors: Ian Parker Kim
Published: July 2017

Recent literature concerning Gen. 2.4b-3.24 indicates that the traditional assumptions that the story is about ‘sin and fall’ are problematic, and the text might be better viewed in terms of a ‘maturation myth’. In this paper it is suggested that the maturation theme as discerned in the Eden narrative has certain affinities with modern psychoanalytical theory, and, in particular, with the work of the French postmodernist Jacques Lacan. Lacanian themes such as the development of language, the sense of self, socialization and alienation all have their parallels in the Eden narrative. The expulsion from Eden is just as necessary, though just as painful, as a child's maturation and socialization through Lacan's Oedipal stage.
Is There a Text in This Tradition? Readers' Response and the Taming of Samuel's God
Authors: Noll K.L.
Published: July 2017

According to Medvedev and Bakhtin, genre involves two components: a reduction of life to a thematic framework, and an orientation toward a defined performance situation. However, a cultural artifact is subject to a blind process of replication and descent that has little to do with its designer's intention. What survives is that which happens to thrive in a given environment, whether it was designed for that environment or not. A text's ‘genre’ might change radically even when not a word of the text has been altered or omitted. In this case, genre involves only one component, the community's response to the text, as argued by Stanley Fish and others. So it is with the biblical scrolls of Samuel. That which appears, from all available evidence, to have begun as a relatively secular form of traditional storytelling, has been preserved and replicated well beyond any reasonable life-expectancy because it was reinterpreted as divinely authored authoritative religious literature offering a revelatory glimpse at the methods by which the God of the universe interacts with creation.
Judah's Development: The Pattern of Departure-Transition-Return
Authors: Lambe Anthony J.
Published: July 2017

This article shows, through a literary-critical approach, that the episode of Genesis 38 is intimately related to the Joseph story. This relationship is shown by focusing upon the character development of Judah. I analyze in particular Judah's character as revealed through the structural pattern of departure-transition-return, as it spans Genesis 38 and the Joseph story. This analysis shows that the dramatic experiences that Judah undergo in ch. 38 is crucial to understanding Judah's important role as spokesman for the family in the Joseph story. Other themes and motifs, such as identity, justice, responsibility, blessing, reconciliation, continuity and favoritism are also identified, which, by way of analogy and allusion, connect ch. 38 to the whole of the book of Genesis.
Ethnicity, Family Structure, and Seasonal Labor Strategies on Quebec's Appalachian Frontier, 1852-1881
Authors: Little J. I.
Published: July 2017

This study focuses on the economic role of the Highland Scots and French-Canadian family during the first three decades of settlement in a Quebec township. It argues that while families in both groups depended on seasonal wages earned outside the district, there were nevertheless important differences in their survival strategies and these differences were reflected in the composition of their families. The contrasting composition and economic role of the family in each group were in turn a reflection of two disparate cultures. Rather than being abandoned under the pressure of frontier conditions, presettlement values and traditions enabled each group to adapt in its own way to the harsh environment of the upper St. Francis district.
Studies on Stitched Woven S2 Glass/Epoxy Laminates under Low Velocity and Ballistic Impact Loading
Authors: Hosur M. V. , Karim M. R. , Jeelani S.
Published: July 2017

Experimental investigations were carried out to study the response of stitched S2-Glass/SC-15 Epoxy composites under low and ballistic impact loading. Laminates were fabricated using plain weave S2-Glass fabric with SC-15 resin system employing low-cost Vacuum Assisted Resin Infusion Molding (VARIM) process. Both unstitched and stitched laminates were considered. For stitching a 3-cord Kevlar thread was used. Dry fabric preforms were stitched through the thickness to form square grids of size 25.4 and 12.7 mm. Low velocity impact tests were carried out on 5 layer stitched and unstitched laminates of size 90× 90 mm at energy ranging 10-80 J using an instrumented impact testing machine. Transient responses of the laminates were measured and analyzed. For ballistic impact testing, laminates of size 300×300 mm were tested using a gas-gun facility. The panels were impacted using sabot-assisted fragment simulating projectiles. Energy absorbed by the laminates was calculating by measuring inlet and exit velocities. All the samples considered in the study were nondestructively evaluated using ultrasonics for their damage size. Results of the study indicate that stitching considerably enhanced the damage resistance of the laminates by restricting the size of damage as also improving ballistic limits.
Progressive Crush Response of Hybrid Felt/Fabric Composite Structures
Authors: Karbhari Vistasp M. , Locurcio Anthony P.
Published: July 2017

The energy absorption response and damage characteristics of composite structures are of increasing interest to both automotive and aerospace areas, as a means of achieving superior crash impact performance and energy absorption as compared to metals. Previous research has concentrated almost entirely on axisymmetric cylindrical tubes, hour-glass shapes and conical frustra. In this paper a multicelled geometry connected by flanges is considered and characteristics of progressive crush as a result of the use of needle-felts in addition to conventional fabrics in the preform are investigated. It is shown that the presence of the needle-felt layer can drastically modify crush response and can serve as a means of energy absorption through hybridization. The results of ten preform types are discussed and compared on the basis of a number of metrics in order to assess viability of both structural response and crash worthiness.
Elastic Moduli of Injection-Molded Short-Glass-Fiber-Reinforced Poly(ethylene terephthalate)
Authors: Kwok K. W. , Choy C. L. , Lau Felix P.
Published: July 2017

The nine independent elastic constants of injection-molded tensile bars of poly(ethylene terephthalate) reinforced with 30%, 45% and 55% by weight of glass fibers have been determined by ultrasonic techniques. The tensile and shear moduli increase with increasing fiber volume fraction, with the tensile modulus along the longitudinal direction showing the greatest change. For a composite containing 55 weight% of glass fibers, the longitudinal tensile and shear modulus exceed those of the matrix by factors of 5 and 3, respectively. By regarding the injection-molded bar as a multidirectional laminate comprising a large number of unidirectional plies, the elastic moduli have been calculated and found to agree closely with the experimental data.
A New Approach to Toughness Evaluation for Engineering Thermoplastics
Authors: Baron D. T. , Chudnovsky A.
Published: July 2017

The interest in obtaining a standard method of measuring the fracture toughness of polymers is related. Descriptions are given of previous failed attempts. The crack layer model originated by Chudnovsky is outlined. It is noted that this model has been shown to accurately imitate slow crack growth in polymers. The equations of the crack layer model are used to perform a numerical simulation of a single edge notch specimen loaded under displacement control, for each of three values of the displacement rate. A load vs. displacement curve is generated from each simulation. Each curve is used to calculate the JR curve and Ji c, according to ASTM E8 13-81. Each JR curve is shown to be different from the other two curves, and each value of Jic is shown to be different from the other two values. The following proposals are then made. The JR curve and Jic are rate dependent, and so cannot be material properties. The JR curve and Jlc are not measures of material fracture toughness, and no universal measure of material fracture toughness exists. Along with material properties, fracture toughness depends on the specific conditions of usage, i.e., specimen geometry and type and magnitude of loading. The material properties, specimen geometry, and loading type and magnitude, are all specified for each numerical simulation of crack growth using the equations of the crack layer model. For an individual set of these toughness parameters, a numerical simulation can provide a measure of fracture toughness in the form of the time to failure, or lifetime.
Failure Mechanisms in Bolted CFRP
Authors: Camanho P. P. , Bowron S. , Matthews F. L.
Published: July 2017

An experimental investigation on the damage mechanisms of mechanically fastened joints in composite laminates is presented. This information concerning damage mechanisms is required before developing damage progression models. For doublelap joints with fingertight washers, specimens that fail in the bearing, tension and shearout modes are investigated. For fully failed specimens and for specimens loaded to several percentages of failure load, the damage mechanisms are investigated using Xradiography and sectioning. It is concluded that failure occurs by a process of damage accumulation, where the failure mechanisms present are fiber fracture, delamination at the laminate loaded hole, matrix cracks and related fiber microbuckling, and internal delamination. Modelling this interaction between failure mechanisms requires further analytical efforts. Due to the importance of the through-thickness stresses present at the hole boundary, delamination has a significant effect on the joint strength, so the use of a threedimensional failure criterion is suggested.
Effect of Hybridization on the Creep and Stress Relaxation Characteristics of Pultruded Composites
Authors: Barpanda Dev , Mantena P. Raju
Published: July 2017

Pultrusion manufacturing process is a well established technique for the cost-effective production of high-modulus and lightweight composite materials having constant cross-sectional profiles. The pultruded composites are widely used as structural members viz., beams, trusses and stiffeners, owing to the presence of high proportion of axial fibers necessary to sustain large tractive forces. These structural members are subjected to a combination of static and dynamic loading conditions at wide temperature ranges and over longer periods. Since polymeric composites exhibit viscoelastic behavior, the effectiveness of these materials as structural members must be thoroughly evaluated to ensure long-term stability. In previous research, the dynamic performance characteristics of pultruded glass-graphite/epoxy hybrids were evaluated at room temperature. The effects of temperature, frequency, post-curing, along with the type and placement of fibers on the dynamic flexural properties of glass/epoxy and hybrid glass-graphite/epoxy were also investigated.

This paper focuses on the evaluation of creep and stress relaxation performance characteristics of pultruded glass-graphite/epoxy hybrid composites. Dynamic mechanical analysis technique was adopted for the accelerated creep and stress relaxation testing. Time-temperature superposition principle, which greatly reduced the experimental time, was effectively utilized for predicting the creep and stress relaxation properties of the hybrid composites. Results indicate that the type and amount of fibers as well as their lay-up sequence plays a significant role in determining the flow and load bearing characteristics.
Characteristics of the Interface Between a Base Laminate and a Repair Laminate Subjected to Variations in Pressure in the Repair Curing Cycle
Authors: Jarrah M. A. , Hoa S. V.
Published: July 2017

The effect of pressure in the repair curing cycle on the characteristics of the interface region between a base laminate and a repair laminate was established through mode I fracture tests and microscopic observations. More than 50% drop in the fracture toughness is experienced for repair samples as compared to standard samples. There is significant difference in fracture toughness between repair samples cured at 0 pressure and repair samples cured at a given pressure. The effect of variation in the level of repair curing pressure for the repair samples on the fracture toughness is insignificant. It was found that increasing the pressure has the effect of reducing the amount of voids, increasing crack growth stability, and to a much less degree, increasing the fracture toughness.
Finite Element Modelling for the Impact Dynamic Response of Composite Stiffened Shells
Authors: Goswami Sanjib
Published: July 2017

Impact dynamic response analysis of composite stiffened shells has been carried out using finite element method. As there is no published literature available on the impact dynamic response of composite stiffened shells, the finite element technique has been applied using a nine noded Lagrangian element for obtaining new results. An improved version of the stiffener modelling has been used in which stiffeners can be placed inside the element. The results of stiffened composite doubly curved shells with different boundary conditions and various laminae orientations have been presented for eccentric stiffeners.
On the Effect of Operating Parameters and Screw Configuration on Residence Time Distribution
Authors: Xie Yifan , Tomayko David , Bigio David I. , Batch Gibson
Published: July 2017

An optical on-line residence time distribution (RTD) measurement technique was used in a 50 mm and a 30 mm corotating twin screw extruder to investigate the influence of operating conditions (throughput, screw speed) and screw configurations on the RTD. Statistical analysis of experimental results was applied to show the quantitative relation between operating condition and mean residence time, to analyze the effects of different screw configurations on the broadness of mixing and to compare their subtle difference.
Practical Aspects of Processing in Intermeshing Twin Screw Extruders
Authors: Todd David B.
Published: July 2017

Rules of thumb are presented addressing aspects of twin screw processing to serve as guidelines for understanding and assessing performance of such equipment. Simple equations permit estimates of drag flow capacity, degree of fill, and residence time. Recommendations are made concerning conducting pilot scale tests and estimating scale-up consequences.
A Preliminary Study of Negative Poisson's Ratio of Laminated Fiber Reinforced Composites
Authors: Zhang Ruguang , Yeh Hsien-Liang , Yeh Hsien-Yang
Published: July 2017

Composite materials can be regarded as structures, so there is a great opportunity to design a wide range of properties for such kind of material to meet the various application requirements, even a very particular one. A negative Poisson's ratio is an example.

The mechanism of negative Poisson's ratio and the basic conditions for obtaining such a property were analyzed briefly, the formulas of optimal angle for designing minus Poisson's ratio were deduced, and the experimental results were given. The designed composite did show negative, but small Poisson's ratio.
Torsional Vibration and Damping Analysis of Sandwich Beams
Authors: Ganapathi M. , Patel B. P. , Kumar T. Sentil , Touratier M.
Published: July 2017

The objective of the paper presented here is to investigate the torsional vibration and damping analysis of beams with sandwich or constrained layer damping arrangements using finite element procedure. Finite element based on a sandwich beam theory, which satisfies the interface stress and displacement continuity and has zero shear stress on the top and bottom surfaces of the beam, is employed. The element is capable of simulating free as well as constrained torsion. The transverse shear deformation in the form of trigonometric sine function is incorporated to define the transverse shear strain. The inertia effects due to in-plane, rotary and torsional motion have been included in the formulation. The governing equations of motion for the dynamic analysis are obtained using Lagrange's equation of motion. The solutions are evaluated by QR algorithm. Numerical results are presented for both free-free and cantilever beams. A detailed parametric study is carried out to highlight the influence of shear modulus of the core or constrained layer in beams, thickness ratio, and boundary condition on the torsional resonance frequencies and its associated system loss factors.
Study of the Numerical Fracture Mechanics Analysis of Composite T-Joints
Authors: Theotokoglou Efstathios E.
Published: July 2017

The present paper is concerned with numerical studies of sandwich T- joints which are formed by two panels connected by lap joints. Sandwich GRP skin/PVC core panels are attractive structural components in high speed marine vehicles, especially due to their efficiency to carrying uniform lateral loading. The behaviour of such joints is very complex since it involves several types of materials such as GRP, foam material as well as glue filler, and a geometry with potential high stress concentrations. In this study, a brief review of the problem is first presented and areas of principal interest which most in- fluence joint behaviour are identified. Based on fracture mechanical considerations, a nu- merical crack design procedure has been developed. Finally, numerical results are pre- sented for the J-integral values in the case of T-joints subjected to lateral loads.
On the pvT and Thermal Shrinkage for the Injection Molding of a Plastic Lens
Authors: Chang Rong-Yeu , Hsieh Yung-Chen , Hsu Chia-Hsiang
Published: July 2017

In this work the course of state in the pvT behavior during the injection molding of a plastic lens is investigated. The Tait equation describing the equilibrium pvT behavior of amorphous polymers is extended to non-equilibrium state by considering the cooling effect on the phase transition. Moreover, a special numerical method is developed to evaluate the cooling dynamics of the irregular-shaped lens. By means of methodology developed in this work, the cooling and pvT behavior as well as the thermal shrinkage of the injection-molded lens can be predicted.
Progressive Failure Analysis of Adhesive Bonded Joints with Laminated Composite Adherends
Authors: Bogdanovich Alexander E. , Yushanov Sergei P.
Published: July 2017

The paper presents novel 3-D variational approach aimed at analyzing crack propagation in adhesively bonded composite joints. The analysis is based on the 3-D mosaic model of a composite body allowing for step-wise material property variations in all three coordinate directions, and variational principle of minimum total potential energy. The displacement field in a composite structure is approximated for all coordinate directions in terms of triple series with Bernstein basis functions. The progressive failure analysis approach utilizes critical strain energy release rate criterion to predict various scenarios of the adhesive, cohesive or interlaminar crack propagation. Several cracks of the same type or different types can be analyzed simultaneously. Two numerical examples consider double-lap adhesive bonded joint of unidirectional and cross-ply laminated composites. The results for the "sliding" and "opening" displacements show that for the bonded joint and loading conditions under consideration, both Mode I and Mode II significantly contribute to the progressive failure process.
News Stories about Conflict Generally Balanced
Authors: Fico Frederick , Drager Michael
Published: July 2017

This content analysis of 615 local conflict stories in 15 mid-sized newspapers shows that news stories about conflict, although generally fair, had some unbalance in terms of space and prominence.
State Supreme Court Justices' Views on Free Expression
Authors: Hale Dennis
Published: July 2017

In a national survey, retired state supreme court justices expressed support for protection of some areas of press rights–courtroom access, open meetings and records and student press rights.
Use of Unnamed Sources Drops from Peak in 1960s and 1970s
Authors: Duffy Matt J. , Williams Ann E.
Published: July 2017

This content analysis of The Washington Post and The New York Times finds that the use of anonymous sources peaked in the 1960s and 1970s. The analysis also finds that contemporary journalists are more likely to explain the reason for anonymity.
Where People Really Get Most of Their News
Authors: Stempel Guido H.
Published: July 2017

Most people don't get most of their news from television. They do use television more for the three types of national news included in this study, but dearly it is newspapers they turn to for local news, which raises the question of which is more important.
Legal Aspects of Newsgathering by Subterfuge
Authors: Stevens George E.
Published: July 2017

Deceiving news sources has been an ethical problem for the press and lately has become a legal problem, too. Tort liability for concealing one's identity or otherwise misleading news sources seems unlikely, but posing as a public employee could result in criminal penalties.
How State Press Associations Provide Legal Assistance
Authors: Sanders Craig
Published: July 2017

State Press associations provide a variety of legal services to members. While local attorneys might provide such services, press association council is I likely to be more familiar with newspaper legal issues.
Gambling with Databases: A Comparison of Electronic Searches and Printed Indices
Authors: Neuzil Mark
Published: July 2017

This study indicates that though a person using a printed index will find only a small percentage of existing stories on a topic, full searches may take too long.
Pagination and the Newsroom: A Question of Time
Authors: Russial John T.
Published: July 2017

Pagination reduces page-production time for the newspaper as a whole, but it adds to the time spent in the newsroom, where this computerized page design and assembly process is done. This study of 12 U.S. dailies showed that pagination took editors an average of about 15 minutes per page more. That time burden has implications for editorial quality.
Willingness of Journalists and Public to Support Freedom of Expression
Authors: Andsager Julie L. , Miller M. Mark
Published: July 2017

Two sets of survey data - one from a survey of ASNE members - were combined and analyzed to determine differences between journalists and the public in support of media rights and personal rights of free speech. Results indicate that journalists are significantly more supportive than the public of both kinds of expressive rights.
Sexual Harassment of Washington Women Journalists
Authors: McAdams Katherine C. , Beasley Maurine H.
Published: July 2017

Eighty percent of the respondents, women journalists in Washington, report sexual harassment is a problem for women journalists in general, and 60 percent say it has been problem for them personally.
The Effects of Economic Restructuring on Women: The Case of Binational Agriculture in Baja California and California
Authors: Zabin Carol
Published: July 2017

This article analyzes the effects of increasing economic integration between Mexico and the United States on workers in the California and Baja California fresh fruit and vegetable industry. This sector has experienced significant economic integration in labor, capital, and product markets over the past 10 years. During this period, wages in this sector have fallen on both sides of the border, and wages in Mexico are currently about one-sixth of California wages. Although workers in Baja and California perform the same tasks using the same technology and work for firms funded by some of the same U.S. capital, indigenous Mixtec women and children from the poor, southern state of Oaxaca are concentrated in the lower-paying jobs in Baja, whereas Mixtec and mestizo men have greater access to the higher-paying jobs in California. Differing labor processes on opposite sides of the border result in this binational gender and ethnic segmentation of the labor market, which will slow wage convergence even if remaining trade barriers are removed. Better enforcement of laws and broader employment generation strategies are necessary to reduce poverty among farm workers on both sides of the border.
Evaluating Economic Development Strategies
Authors: Accordino John J.
Published: July 2017

This essay reviews recent evaluations of three of the most widely used state and local economic development strategies—traditional business recruitment, enterprise zones, and high-technology development. The studies do not succeed in their efforts to produce broadly generalizable findings that provide clear guidance to state and local policymakers and practitioners. Rather, they show that local conditions are responsible for the success or failure and level of net community benefits to be derived from any approach. Under the right conditions, each of the approaches described here might be appropriate.
Helping Clients Cope with Change in the 21st Century: A Balancing Act
Authors: Pelsma Dennis , Arnett Renee
Published: July 2017

The national vision to equip all individuals with the knowledge, skills and desire for lifelong learning in order to meet the challenges in the world of work today, and in the future, is a powerful incentive for career services professionals. The authors use the analogy of a chair to discuss four strategies to assist clients in maintaining balance as they cope with uncertainty and change.
Counseling Adults in Career Transition: Reflections of a Counselor-in-Training
Authors: Scott Christopher M.
Published: July 2017

The following is a description of the experiences of a counselor-in-training at the University of Missouri-Columbia Career Center. The Career Center at the University of Missouri-Columbia serves a wide variety of clients ranging from 16-year-old high school students needing help on deciding on a college major to sixty-year-old adults seeking to make a major career transition. This diversity of clients and their needs is illustrated through case examples and it is suggested that the holistic model of career counseling that is taught at the University of Missouri Career Center is appropriate for these clients. What is also described through case examples is how counselors-in-training in settings such as career centers may benefit from additional training outside of what is normally taught in graduate level career development courses.
Distance learning MBAs
Authors: Lee Gloria L.
Published: July 2017

The need for new ways of providing management education and training in the UK has arisen out of a concern to improve the country's competitiveness in world economics. MBAs have been offered by UK business schools for over 20 years. Now, the growth of distance learning provision offers an opportunity to rethink some of the approaches to this generic form of management development. This article examines distance learning MBAs and analyses their value in relation to that of the on-campus version.
ESA Olympus provides distance learning in Europe
Authors: Chaplin Jon
Published: July 2017

OLYMPUS is a programme supported by 8 ESA member states, including the UK, Italy and Canada. Its objectives are to develop and prove, in orbit, key satellite technologies which will be relevant to commercial satellite programmes in the 1990s, and to demonstrate new applications of satellites for communications and broadcasting, stimulating all the players in the game. The use of the satellite for service demonstrations starting in 1989 will be normally free of charge but, in principle, the participating organizations will have to meet all other costs of the demonstration, including transport of the material to be transmitted to one of the few uplink stations.
Finding its proper pattern
Authors: Dahrendorf Ralf
Published: July 2017

University expansion in the UK and links with industry have come about in the wider context of social, economic and political trends. However, a gap still remains between the horizons of academic research and industrial development. Universities have become imbued with an entrepreneurial spirit, and in exercising this spirit they should not have to change their dominant values of teaching and research. This article raises a plea for government not to interfere in the growth of the relationship between higher education and business.
In partnership for profit
Authors: Mawditt Richard
Published: July 2017

There is nothing new in universities exploiting industry and commerce for the mutual benefit of both partners. Never has it been so important as it is today, however, for this relationship to be encouraged and fostered for our united health and future prosperity. This article discusses ways for universities to take advantage of opportunities. for collaborative projects, with particular reference to the University of Bath.
Oxford's industrial partnership
Authors: Clark June
Published: July 2017

The University of Oxford is forging links with industry. In the context of some £29m secured for research, and key contractual issues, attention is drawn to significant aspects of an agreement with E.R. Squibb and the development of new initiatives. These include the establishment of a university company to commercialize the results of research, and the university becoming a major shareholder in another company set up to market the results of a research programme.
Audiovisual services at Loughborough
Authors: Wilson Andrew
Published: July 2017

Loughborough University's audiovisual services unit works extensively with outside clients. This has many advantages for the client, but there are major problems that units considering this sort of work have to overcome.
Industry and higher education under Gorbachev: On the move again
Authors: Cooper Julian
Published: July 2017

Gorbachev inherited a higher education system starved of resources. However, under the major programme of reform that he has instituted to modernize the Soviet higher education system, the authorities after years of inaction now have a keen appreciation of the vital importance of higher education to the general Perestroika process. They are showing a willingness to adopt new ideas and an openness to the experience of the West. Many initiatives for links with industry have their direct parallels in the West, and it is possible that science parks may be established in the near future.
The Center for Advanced Food Technology: A model for industry–university–government collaboration
Authors: Leslie Robert B. , Rossen Jack L. , Solberg Myron
Published: July 2017

The Center for Advanced Food Technology (CAFT) was created out of one man's belief that the commercialization of new scientific discoveries contributes substantially to economic growth. It was established to work with, rather than just for, its industrial partners as a catalyst between industrial practicalities and scientific knowledge. This article describes how CAFT was established, and details the way it operates. It then progresses to a discussion of the general lessons taught by the CAFT experience concerning the effective coupling of advanced academic research to more effective performance in the marketplace.
Incorporating technology into new products
Authors: Klus John P. , Killingstad Rolf
Published: July 2017

For industry to remain competitive in the marketplace, it is essential to use research and developing technology to the fullest extent in developing new products and improving existing products. Both new technology and new markets must be developed. Corporations may perform research and development in-house or avail themselves of the technology developed by universities and other institutions described in published papers and reports. To be successful new product introduction must be carefully planned and take advantage of emerging needs and the unique capabilities of the marketing organization.
US university-industry partnerships in high-temperature superconductivity
Authors: Delmar Clare E.
Published: July 2017

For decades, US industry and academic institutions have formed special relationships, borne out of their mutual dependencies. For the most part, these relationships have been arms-length ones — companies have helped to finance new facilities, scholarships or faculty positions at universities, and universities have trained and developed professional staff for industry. Most major universities have well established programmes for industrial liaison, and similarly most major companies have established university-relations programmes.
The Shock of the New
Authors: Dodgson Mark
Published: July 2017

When Celltech Ltd was formed in 1980 it profoundly affected a number of government agencies concerned with technology transfer. The company emerged from the National Enterprise Board and the Medical Research Council, and an agreement between these two organizations circumvented the then existing arrangement whereby most government-funded research had first to be offered for commercialization to the National Research Development Corporation. This agreement was instrumental in changing the existing system. The paper describes the pressures which led to the novel agreement, the rows which it caused, and the consequences it had for technology transfer from academia to industry.
Industrial Affiliate Programmes
Authors: Burke Jack D. , Light Robert W.
Published: July 2017

This paper examines industrial affiliate programmes, a type of industry–higher education linkage found at many research-orientated universities in the USA. Particular attention is devoted to focused or decentralized affiliate programmes, by far the most common type of linkage. The wide variety of activities supported by affiliate programmes as well as the benefits accruing to both the industrial and university partners are summarized. The paper examines in some detail the industrial affiliate programmes at one institution, The Pennsylvania State University.
Continuing Technological Education
Authors: Lam A.C.L.
Published: July 2017

The author outlines key features of the Japanese approach to continuing technological education and points up the contrasts in skill-development experience in Japan and the UK. She then reviews recent trends in Japan in the development of multi-skilled engineers; describes government initiatives aimed at the promotion of university–industry cooperation; and finally addresses the important policy issue facing Europe and the USA of providing greater access to Japanese science and technology, especially through exchange of researchers and information.
Skill Needs in VLSI Circuits
Authors: Wölcken Klaus
Published: July 2017

The forecast need for designers of Very Large Scale Integrated Circuits is described. The article then goes on to outline the support being provided for academic institutions involved with VLSI design training by the European Commission's Directorate General XIII.
Viewpoint of a Supplier of Continuing Education for Industry Managers
Authors: Haour Georges
Published: July 2017

This article stresses the importance placed on technology management at the International Institute for Management Development at Lausanne. The article underlines the role that control of R&D will have in the industrial environment over the next 20 years and suggests a number of ways in which COMETT can contribute to raising the profile of R&D in the commercial context.
Critical Success Factors and Benefits of Corporate–Education Partnerships
Authors: Nugent Mary Lou
Published: July 2017

Regis University in Denver, Colorado, launched its first corporate partnership in 1987. The University has since developed two additional partnerships with very disparate industries. The three companies encompass a wide range of needs and cultures. The process of beginning and maintaining cross-cultural partnerships is dynamic and challenging. Mary Lou Nugent draws on her personal experience as Director of the partnership between Coors Brewing Company and Regis University to highlight and discuss critical elements in the successful development of a corporate–academic partnership, and points up the substantial benefits accruing from the relationship. She also indicates how the original Coors partnership provided Regis with a model on which to base the development of the two relationships subsequently established with Storage Technology Corporation and AT&T.