bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Learning Style and Achievement in a Course on Research Methods
Authors: Onwuegbuzie Anthony J. , Daley Christine E.
Published: August 2011

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relation of learning style and achievement during a course on research methods. Participants were 74 graduate students from a variety of disciplinary backgrounds. A series of setwise regression analyses indicated that students who evaluated research articles successfully maintained positive attitudes toward the presence of authority figures. Students adept at proposal writing preferred working alone in quiet environments, and those who had the most knowledge of research concepts, methods, and applications were those who preferred less course structure and who preferred working alone, learning by using multiple resources, and working in the evening. In addition, these students were not kinesthetically oriented and required caloric intake during study. Based on these findings, suggestions were made for effective teaching strategies in courses on research methods.
Memory Characteristics of College Students Who Volunteer for Research
Authors: Kreiner David S. , Alvarado Matilda , Shockley Shawna R.
Published: August 2011

Volunteers for psychological research can differ in important ways from nonvolunteers and from the general population. The memory abilities of a sample of 80 college student research volunteers were measured using the Wechsler Memory Scale–Revised. Compared to general population norms, the sample scored significantly higher on General Memory and Visual Memory compared to those with more than 12 years of education, the sample scored significantly lower on General Memory, Verbal Memory, and Attention but significantly higher on Visual Memory. Although results may vary at different universities, researchers should be cautious in assuming that the memory abilities of samples of college student volunteers accurately represent the population.
On Cultural Differences in Decisions on Pay Allocation: Comparison of Students in Virginia and South Korea
Authors: Tansky Judith A. , White Marion M. , Baik Kibok
Published: August 2011

This study compared reward allocations between a group of 168 students from Virginia and 301 students from South Korea. Analysis indicated that the students in Virginia preferred to allocate rewards based on relative contributions (equity) and that the South Korean students tended to allocate rewards more equally.
Psychological Sense of Community and Newspaper Readership
Authors: Davidson William B. , Cotter Patrick R.
Published: August 2011

An hypothesized association of psychological sense of community and newspaper readership was tested using telephone interviews with 1,007 randomly selected respondents in two states. The survey contained a 5-items measure of psychological sense of community and two indices of newspaper readership, amount of interest in local, state, and national news (3 items) and breadth of reading (14 items in one sample and 23 items in another). Regression analyses indicated significant relationships between scores on the Psychological Sense of Community scale and both readership indices after controlling for 5 demographic variables. Respondents with high scores on the Psychological Sense of Community scale reported a high interest in news about local, state, and national topics. Also, they claimed to read frequently many sections of their local newspaper.
Faculty Workloads in Schools of Social Work
Authors: Strobino J. , Singer T. L.
Published: August 2011

56 graduate social work programs participated in a study examining faculty workloads and the extent of formalized workload and release time policies. Normative patterns were established regarding course preparation, responsibilities in student advisement, practicum liaison, committee work, research, and the use of formal policies of work assignment.
Affective Bicultural and Global-Human Identity Scales for Mexican-American Adolescents
Authors: Der-Karabetian Aghop , Ruiz Yolanda
Published: August 2011

Scales were developed to measure affective aspects of Latino, American, and global-human identities among first- and second-generation Mexican-American adolescents. Participants were 84 boys and 93 girls from the Los Angeles high schools. 60 were born in Mexico, and 117 were born in the United States and had at least one parent born in Mexico. The affective Latino and American measures were independent and predictably related to a behaviorally oriented measure of acculturation. They were also used to identify Berry's four modes of acculturation: Separated, Assimilated, Marginalized, and Bicultural. The four acculturation groups rated similarly on self-esteem and academic aspiration. The first and second generations each scored higher on Latino identity than on American identity.
A Probit Model for Estimating the Effect of Complexity on Risk Taking
Authors: Johnson J. E. V. , Bruce A. C.
Published: August 2011

This study was designed to explore the risk strategy employed in complex settings by conducting an empirical analysis of 1212 decisions made in the UK offcourse betting market. The decision-making environment chosen for the study is identified as offering the advantages of a naturalistic setting and providing scope for observing risk strategy in a range of alternative- and attribute-based complexity conditions. Specifically, the investigation employs a probit model to test the hypothesis that increasing either attribute- or alternative-based complexity results in the employment of a strategy more averse to risk-taking. The results suggest that this is the case and that complexity associated with alternatives has a particularly significant effect on the way bettors respond to the existence of risk. It is observed that these findings corroborate earlier studies of decision processes and decision outcomes.
Interaction of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder and Major Depressive Disorder among Older Combat Veterans
Authors: Hyer Lee , Stanger Ellen
Published: August 2011

This study investigated the interaction of PTSD and major depressive disorder with common aging-related variables for a community sample of older World War II and Korean War veterans. Older veterans ( N = 139) were divided into PTSD and depressed groups on the basis of interviewers' measures and compared on overall adjustment, social support, and health status. Only PTSD affected adjustment and health status.
Women with High Risk for Breast Cancer: Psychological Symptoms
Authors: Gilbar Ora
Published: August 2011

This pilot study compared the psychological distress of 16 women with family histories of breast cancer (mother, sister, daughter, aunt) and 37 women with no such histories, all of whom were undergoing a regular checkup in a breast health clinic in northern Israel. Analysis indicated that women at high risk for breast cancer with a suspected syndrome experienced greater psychological distress than the women with no such histories.
Preference for Advertizements, Logos, and Names: Effects of Implicit Memory
Authors: Perfect T. J. , Heatherley S.
Published: August 2011

An experiment was conducted to examine the effects of prior exposure to printed advertising on the preference judgements for advertizements and parts of those advertizements. Perfect and Askew (1994) showed that prior exposure led to more favourable judgements towards printed material, independent of whether the original exposure was remembered. It was expected that this finding would be replicated and that subparts of the original material (logos) would also be favourably rated, whilst material with changed perceptual features (company names in standard font) would not. The results supported the hypotheses. The possible implications of such findings for advertisers are discussed.
Preliminary Development of the Intercultural Tolerance Scale
Authors: Mendleson Jack L. , Bures Allen L. , Champion Donald L. , Lott J. Kendall
Published: August 2011

This article addresses intercultural tolerance, the need to measure that construct, and the development of a new diagnostic inventory, the Intercultural Tolerance Scale. Issues discussed include background, development, and preliminary test reliabilities and validities.
Self-Evaluation with and without Feedback as a Predictor of Attributions
Authors: Hughes R. Eugene , Bass Kenneth E. , Hebert Frederic J.
Published: August 2011

Attribution is often offered as an explanation for the observed difference between own and supervisor's evaluation of performance. Levy's (1993) attributional model posits self-evaluation as one of several predictors of a composite measure of individuals' attributions. This relation was investigated with the addition of performance feedback and analysis of both locus of control and stability attributional dimensions. Self-evaluation was the best predictor of the internal dimension of attribution, but no measure explained variance of the external attributional dimensions. Results were mixed for the stable and unstable dimensions and no conclusions were possible. These results suggest modification of Levy's model to enhance its predictive ability.
Instructional Evaluation and Prediction of Teaching Effectiveness in a Small Private College
Authors: Hahn William , Cianfarano Stanley , Knapp Craig W.
Published: August 2011

To evaluate a small private college's students' ratings of instructional effectiveness a principal components factor analysis, applied to intercorrelations for 675 students' evaluations from one semester, identified three underlying dimensions of instruction, affective, and classroom environment, Multiple regression analysis further highlighted specific predictors of instructional quality, course content, and perception of improvement in technical skills which could be given additional weight in the development of global assessments of teaching effectiveness. Recommendations for further research are provided.
Nonverbal Intellectual Assessment of Hispanic and Speech-Impaired Adolescents
Authors: Flemmer D. D. , Roid Gale H.
Published: August 2011

A comprehensive new nonverbal cognitive battery (Leiter-R) was given to examine the nonverbal cognitive performance of adolescents, ages 11 to 21 from majority and nonmajority (Hispanic) ethnic backgrounds. A total of 258 Euro-American (non-Hispanic) and 62 Hispanic adolescents composed the ethnic-contrast samples (81% Euro-American vs 19% Hispanic). Also, the study used the Leiter-R to contrast the cognitive performance of speech-impaired adolescents with typical children, ages 11 to 15. There were 203 without and 21 with speech impairments. The speech-impaired contrast sample was comprised of Euro-American (75%) and African-American (25%). This sampling provided direct comparisons equated for ethnicity. Small effect size differences (.11) were found on 3 of the 10 nonverbal subtests of the Visualization and Reasoning battery of the Leiter—R between Euro-American and Hispanic adolescents and the speech-impaired contrasts (effect size difference of .17). The Leiter-R exhibited potential for ethnic fairness in assessment. Further, promise for unbiased assessment of speech-impaired adolescents was provided. Fairness of assessment was especially evident for speech-impaired adolescents on the “visual” subtests of Picture Context, Matching, and Form Completion.
Parenting Behaviors: A Content Analysis of Situational Comedies Based on TV Fictional Families
Authors: Bundy Kaarre A. , Thompson Kathryn L. , Strapp Chehalis M.
Published: August 2011

This study focused on parenting behaviors portrayed by characters on 15 series of situational comedies based on fictional families on television. Three series identified by Zoglin in 1990 as antifamily shows were included in the controversial category, and the other 12 series were identified as noncontroversial. Trained coders labeled parenting behavior in 5 episodes of each series as beneficial or detrimental according to theories of development. Consequences associated with parent-characters' behaviors and rated as reinforcing or punishing indicated that both controversial and noncontroversial series contained detrimental parenting behaviors and inappropriate combinations of behaviors and consequences with controversial series being higher on both measures. The influence of televised portrayals of detrimental parenting on real-life interactions between parent and child is discussed from the perspective of social cognitive theory.
Political Identification and Perceptions of Homelessness: Attributed Causality and Attitudes on Public Policy
Authors: Pellegrini Robert J. , Queirolo Sergio S. , Monarrez Victor E. , Valenzuela Dona M.
Published: August 2011

The study investigated relationships between political orientation, causal perceptions of poverty, and attitudes toward government programs for the poor. The test sample of 200 women and 200 men were recruited from introductory psychology classes. In support of hypotheses based on previous research and Weiner's attribution-emotion-action theory, when compared with self-identified Democrats, self-identified Republicans (a) were significantly more inclined to attribute homelessness to internal vs external factors and (b) expressed significantly less favorable attitudes toward publically funded programs for the homeless. Sex differences were nonsignificant. Conceptual-empirical and methodological implications are discussed. Limitations on inferences from these data and directions for inquiry into the development of individual differences in political cognitions and public policy attitudes are considered.
Effects of Alcohol on Responsive Laughter and Amusement
Authors: Lowe Geoff , Taylor Sharon B.
Published: August 2011

After consuming either an alcoholic or nonalcoholic beverage, 48 subjects viewed a humorous film. Frequency of responsive laughter and subjective amusement was significantly greater in the alcohol group.
Comments on Meta-Analysis with Longitudinal Studies: Controlling for Analytical Bias
Authors: Langhorne Peter , Slattery Jim
Published: August 2011

This article provides a critique of a previous meta-analysis and claims to have produced contradictory results; however, the criticism is based on a misunderstanding of the previous Lancet meta-analysis.
Role of Normative Commitment in Predicting Members' Participation in the Union
Authors: Pisnar-Sweeney Mary
Published: August 2011

This study examined commitment to a labor union as a two-dimensional construct consisting of Normative Commitment and Instrumental Attachment. Historically commitment to a labor organization has been viewed as an instrumental construct referring to union members who become attached to the union because of economic and extrinsic benefits gained from the collective bargaining agreement. Normative Commitment represents the individual association with the organization based upon a belief in and agreement with its values, ideals, and goals. A sample of 173 unionized firefighters was used to evaluate a model of commitment to a union in which the two dimensions of Normative Commitment and Instrumental Attachment are assumed to be intervening constructs with six antecedent factors, i.e., Family History, Work Beliefs, Union Socialization, Employment Alternatives, Union Benefits, and Satisfaction with the Grievance System, and two behavioral outcomes of Participation of union members in routine union activities, i.e., holding office, serving on a committee, and Extrarole Behavior such as volunteering for union, political, or community activities. Structural equation modeling indicated that Normative Commitment to the union is a significant predictor of members' Participation and Extrarole Behavior.
Age and Occupation in Selection of Human Mates
Authors: Waris Robert G.
Published: August 2011

The present study was conducted to examine reasons one individual selects another for marriage. Strong findings in past research on preferences in selection of mates by humans indicate that the earning capacity of a potential mate in relation to occupation is more important to women than to men and that men place more value on youth in a potential mate than do women. Also, individuals in similar occupations tend to marry within the same socioeconomic class. These gender differences for 300 married couples living in the Kansas City area were investigated in the present study. Explanations for these differences in preferences were provided from evolutionary and sociocultural perspectives.
On “Inheriting” a Career
Authors: Burke Ronald J.
Published: August 2011

This exploratory study of 799 police officers examined potential effects of having a parent or close relative in policework. Although few significant experiences were observed, the trend tended to advantage respondents having parents or close relatives in policing. Possible explanations for these findings are offered.
Defensive Comparison of Teachers' Close Friendships with Colleagues
Authors: Cheuk Wai Hing , Wong Kwok Sai
Published: August 2011

The present study examined teachers' evaluations of the teaching effectiveness of a close friend and colleague and the extent of supportiveness the close friend and colleague provided. We reasoned that the teaching performance of a close friend and colleague who was teaching the same subject matter, e.g., history, as one did would reflect unfavorably on one's competence and so be threatening to self. One can maintain positive elf-evaluation by devaluing the effectiveness of teaching by the close friend and colleague The support offered by the close friend and colleague teaching the same subject may also be threatening, for the negative implications it can carry with regard to one's competence. To cope, one could perceive the support as relatively low. 145 teachers responded to a questionnaire containing the variables of interest. Analysis provided support for the hypotheses, confirming the proposition that there is an element of defensive comparison among teachers who considered themselves to be close friends with a target teacher.
The Relation between States' Adoption of English as Their Official Language to Demographic and Social Pathology Variables
Authors: Joubert Charles E.
Published: August 2011

Comparisons indicated that the 20 states which adopted English as their official language since 1984 had lower percentages of high school graduates and higher rates of motor vehicle fatalities among their residents than did those states that did not enact such laws. The two types of states did not differ in homicide, suicide, divorce, illegitimacy, or rape rates based on 1990 census data. Also, they did not differ in terms of percentages of residents who were foreign-born, college graduates, imprisoned, unemployed, or who spoke a language other than English in the home.
Psychopathology in Obese Subjects with and without Binge-Eating Disorder and in Bulimic Subjects
Authors: Molinari Enrico , Ragazzoni Paola , Morosin Alessandra
Published: August 2011

The present study was conducted with three groups of 15 subjects each, obese subjects diagnosed with Binge Eating Disorder, obese subjects without diagnosis of Binge Eating Disorder, and bulimic subjects. The aim was to compare the three groups on a battery of self-administered tests for psychodiagnostic screening. Analysis showed a clear pattern: patients with bulimia nervosa had higher pathological scores in the specific area of eating disorders than did obese patients, whereas patients with Binge Eating Disorder tended to score lower than patients with bulimia nervosa and higher than did the obese patients. This general pattern is very similar to the findings recently reported in the literature and suggests the adoption of a clinical approach which takes into account the different characteristics of the three groups.
Changes across Age Groups on Measures of Knowledge, Faith, and Belief of God's Personal Concern
Authors: Bourdeau Marie L. , George Darren M.
Published: August 2011

One hundred Protestant, church-going children were surveyed concerning knowledge about the Bible, faith in God, and belief of God's personal concern. Statistically significant increases were found over five age groups (3–5 yr., 6–8 yr 9–12 yr., 13–15 yr., 16–18 yr.) for the three variables: strong increases for knowledge and moderate increases for faith and belief of God's concern. These and other results are discussed.
Adaptors and Innovators: A Description of Staff Nurses
Authors: Pettigrew Amy C. , King Margaret O.
Published: August 2011

Ongoing research has further delineated mean scores on the Kirton Adaption-Innovation Inventory for a convenience sample of 266 staff nurses working in 13 regional acute care hospitals, thus adding to the knowledge of score descriptions in occupational groups.
Correlations between Ratings of Experienced and Imagined Life Events by First-Year University Students in Japan
Authors: Tomoda Atsuko
Published: August 2011

In terms of life events, ratings of actual experiences and of imagined ones among the first-year university students were compared. A total of 81 students were asked to complete the Life Events Checklist for College Students by checking whether they had experienced the listed life events in the previous 12 months; then they evaluated the influence of each life event as really experienced or imagined. The correlations between these mean ratings for different life events was high. When the items were divided by rating of actual events as positive (desirable) or negative (undesirable), the correlation of the two ratings for positive life events was high, while that for negative life events was relatively low. This may be influenced by the nature of positive and negative life events.
Effect of War on Crime: A Study of Sentenced Prisoners 1933 to 1986
Authors: Lester David
Published: August 2011

The rates of male and female sentenced prisoners from 1933 to 1986 in the USA were associated with the military participation rate in simple correlational and multiple regression analyses.
Factorial and Predictive Validity of First Graders' Scores on the Early Reading Screening Instrument
Authors: Perney Jan , Morris Darrell , Carter Stamey
Published: August 2011

The factorial and predictive validity of the Early Reading Screening Instrument was examined for 105 first grade students. Analysis indicated that the test is unidimensional and can predict first grade reading skills at the end of the school year with at least a moderate amount of accuracy. A previous study indicated predictive validity coefficients of .66 and .73 when the criteria were word recognition and reading comprehension. The current study yielded predictive validity coefficients of .67 and .70 for these criteria.
Academic Performance among Children with Sickle Cell Disease: Setting Minimum Standards for Comparison Groups
Authors: Richard Harriette W. , Burlew Ann Kathleen
Published: August 2011

The conclusions from previous research on childhood adjustment to sickle cell disease (SCD) have been inconsistent. One possible explanation for this inconsistency is that such children sometimes have been compared to children with different demographic characteristics. This study examined whether 42 African-American children with sickle cell disease differ in academic performance from a comparison group of 26 with similar demographic characteristics. The two groups were similar by sex, age, race, and socioeconomic status. School data were collected for both groups. The differences between the two groups on academic performance were not significant. One implication of the findings is the importance of setting minimum standards for comparison groups in studies of children with sickle cell disease.
The Lesson Interruption Method in Assessing Situation-Specific Behavior in Classrooms
Authors: Patry Jean-Luc
Published: August 2011

The lesson interruption method consists in interrupting the lesson at predetermined occasions on which students respond to a short questionnaire about the teacher's or the students' behaviors. Some experiences with this method are reported; it can be a useful tool both for research on teaching particularly when the behavior is situation-specific and when feedback to teachers is desired.
Pathological Gambling in Spanish Children and Adolescents: An Emerging Problem
Authors: Becoña Elisardo
Published: August 2011

Several studies have shown a high prevalence of pathological gamblers among adults in Spain (between 1.5% and 1.7%) of the population (18 years and older). In other countries the prevalence of pathological gambling in children and adolescents has been higher than in adults. Here some results of the first studies conducted in Spain concerning the prevalence of pathological gambling in school children and adolescents (11–16 years) are presented for two cities located in different northern regions of Spain, A Coruña (Galicia) and Gijón (Asturias), with representative samples of school children. The prevalence was 2.2% ( n = 1,200) and 1.6% ( n = 2,185), respectively, for the use of slot machines, using the 1993 DSM-IVJ Questionnaire of Fisher, and 2.4% in the first city with the South Oaks Gambling Screen-Revised Adolescent for all types of gambling. The analyses suggest there is an emerging problem among children and adolescents in Spain perhaps leading to an increased number of pathological gamblers as adults.
Does Using Relapse Prevention Increase the Efficacy of a Program for Smoking Cessation?: An Empirical Study
Authors: Becoña Elisardo , Vázquez Fernando L.
Published: August 2011

The aim of this study was to assess the effectiveness of relapse prevention taught as a problem-solving procedure in increasing the efficacy of a behavioral program for smoking cessation at short- and longer-term, 12-mo. follow-up. 75 smokers were assigned randomly to two treatment groups, using an additional 40 smokers who attended an information session but did not receive any treatment session as a control group. The first group ( n = 40) received the standard behavioral multicomponent program of Becoña. The program included motivational contract, self-monitoring, information on smoking, nicotine fading, stimulus control, avoidance of withdrawal symptoms, physiological feedback, and progressive self-control. The second group ( n = 36), the relapse prevention group, were given the above program and an additional component of relapse prevention using a problem solving procedure. Both groups had 8 sessions of treatment. Analysis showed that at the end of treatment abstinence in the two groups was 80.0% and 61.1%, respectively, at the 12-mo. follow-ups 30.0% and 36.1%. These differences were not significant; however, both groups were significantly different from the control group at the end of treatment (0% abstinence) and at 12-mo. follow-ups (2.5% abstinence). These results show that the addition of this relapse prevention does not increase the number of smokers who quit or decrease the number who relapse. Further research should focus on the process of relapse and develop more effective procedures to help maintain abstinence.
Joy-Riding among British Youth
Authors: Scott Derek , Paxton Kathleen
Published: August 2011

The behavioural and legal aspects of the problematic and repetitive criminal behaviour of aggravated vehicle taking or “joyriding” are reviewed as context for a study in Great Britain of data from 20 males imprisoned for joy-riding and/or vehicle theft for gain, 10 habitual joyriders who were members of a youth club established to counter the problem, 10 imprisoned house-breakers, and 10 males with no criminal convictions. No specific ethnographic, motivational, or personality differences between joy-riders and those involved in other crimes of theft were found, although there was evidence for the notion of joyriding developing into car theft for pure financial gain.
Optimism, Social Support, Stress, and Physical and Psychological Well-Being in Japanese Women
Authors: Sumi Katsunori
Published: August 2011

The present study examined the relationship between self-reported scores on optimism, social support, and stress and on physical and psychological well-being in 176 Japanese female college students. The significant interactions found among scores on optimism, social support, and stress suggest that individuals who reported higher optimism and social support also rated themselves higher with respect to physical and psychological well-being, regardless of their reported stress.
Disclosure of Contextually Hidden Sexual Images Embedded in an Advertisement
Authors: Simpson Penny M. , Hoverstad Ronald , Brown Gene , Widing Robert E.
Published: August 2011

The discovery of sexual images embedded in an advertisement significantly affected responses to the advertisement by 147 female and 159 male undergraduates.
Assisting Older Family Members: Association with Marital and Relationship Satisfaction
Authors: Griffore Robert J.
Published: August 2011

Based on data from a statewide survey of citizens in Michigan ratings on marital and relationship satisfaction were not significantly different for individuals who assisted older family members and those who did not or for frequency of assisting an older person or whether an older person lived with the respondent.
Unemployment and Suicide in American Indian Youth in New Mexico
Authors: Lester David
Published: August 2011

In New Mexico from 1960 to 1986, unemployment rates were positively associated with American Indian youth suicide rates.
Students' Perception of a Difficult Case in Psychotherapy
Authors: Linares Sylvia A. , Paniagua Freddy A. , O'Boyle Michael
Published: August 2011

Paniagua, et al. suggested that the definition of a “difficult” case in psychotherapy implies a relational definition involving the characteristics of the patient, the case, and the therapist. This study concerned this hypothesis with 44 graduate students in social work who received the Difficult Case Questionnaire representing examples of variables across each domain, e.g., motivation of the client, nature of the disorder, generic factors, and orientation of the therapist. The results were compared with the 1993 findings reported by Paniagua, et al., for a group of professionals in mental health practice. As in the earlier study, the present sample also agreed that, although all such domains are important in the formulation of that definition, their importance is not equal. Whereas professionals rated patient's, case's, and therapist's characteristics as the most important order of domains in that definition, students in this study agreed on the order of therapist's, patient's, and case's characteristics.
Over-Confidence and under-Performance: Men's Perceived Accuracy and Actual Performance in a Course
Authors: Yarab Paul E. , Sensibaugh Christine Cregan , Allgeier Elizabeth Rice
Published: August 2011

The confidence and actual performance of 121 undergraduates in general social psychological knowledge was examined in an applied setting on a pretest measure and first examination score. Men indicated higher confidence in their performance on the pretest measure than women. Men overestimated and women underestimated their performance, although men's and women's scores were not different. However, women scored higher than men on the class examination. The results are discussed in terms of how they differ from those of laboratory experiments.
Aging and Intellectual Ability in Young, Middle-Aged, and Older Educated Adults: Preliminary Results from a Sample of College Faculty
Authors: Compton David M. , Bachman Laura D. , Logan Jennifer A.
Published: August 2011

52 members of the college community at a small liberal arts university (Ages 25–72) were administered a 60-min. battery of tests measuring different aspects of cognitive performance. Stepwise regression equations detected significant relationships between the predictor variables of age and education and measures of the WAIS-R, the Logical Memory subtests and Trails A. Age predicted performance on Trails A, the Digit Symbol subtest of the WAIS-R, the Logical Memory II component of the Wechsler Memory Scale-R, some measures of the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test, and Full Scale WAIS-R IQ. Education was a significant predictor of performance on the remaining WAIS-R subtests and the Failure-To-Maintain Response Sets measure of the card sorting. However, the results of the present study also suggest that over-all cognitive decline with advancing age is not an eventuality, at least among the highly educated, intellectually active individuals.
Type a Behavior and the Five-Factor Model of Personality
Authors: Ramanaiah Nerella V. , Sharpe John P. , Byravan Anupama
Published: August 2011

The hypothesis that people classified as Type A and Type B have different personality profiles based on five major personality factors (Neuroticism, Extraversion, Openness, Agreeableness, and Conscientiousness) was tested using the Student Jenkins Activity Survey and the Revised NEO Personality Inventory. Results based on discriminant function analysis of data from 243 psychology undergraduates (105 males and 138 females) strongly supported the hypothesis indicating that Type A and Type B groups have significantly different Revised NEO Personality Inventory profiles and that the standardized discriminant function coefficients were large for Agreeableness and Conscientiousness and moderately large for Extraversion.
A Canadian-Dutch Comparison of Teachers' Burnout
Authors: van Horn Joan E. , Schaufeli Wilmar B. , Greenglass Esther R. , Burke Ronald J.
Published: August 2011

Scores on burnout among 631 Canadian and 1,180 Dutch teachers were compared with various demographic variables (sex and age) and factors related to work (experience in teaching, type of school, and number of hours employed). Burnout was assessed with the Maslach Burnout Inventory of three dimensions, Emotional Exhaustion, Depersonalization, and Personal Accomplishment. Analysis indicated that, over-all, Canadian teachers reported higher scores on Emotional Exhaustion and Depersonalization than their Dutch peers. Differences in the number of hours employed were also significant: full-time Canadian teachers scored higher on Depersonalization than their Dutch colleagues. Across countries, sex and type of school appeared significantly related to burnout. Male teachers rated higher on Emotional Exhaustion and Depersonalization than the women. Especially with regard to the attitudinal components of burnout, i.e., Depersonalization and Personal Accomplishment, secondary school teachers reported higher scores than elementary school teachers. Age was not significantly related to measures.
Characteristics and Motivations of Docents in Wildlife Education
Authors: Kidd Aline H. , Kidd Robert M.
Published: August 2011

Because childhood experiences with pets and wildlife help develop positive attitudes toward animals, educators who can teach the importance of protective maintenance of wildlife and environment to coming generations are needed. The characteristics and motives of 55 volunteer docents in wildlife education (9 men, 46 women) were assessed through telephone interviews. The data indicate that such actively involved docents had great concern for wildlife, had experienced positive role models, peer support, and rewards for specific behaviors involving animals, and had positive experiences with owning pets during childhood. Notably, however, these trained educators focused on teaching more about animal care and protection and less on specific interactions with animals, and they stayed in wildlife education because they liked raising children's enthusiasm for protecting the environment and wildlife. Recruitment of docents for wildlife education should take these latter distinctive characteristics into account. Over-all, the data suggest that children, adolescents, wildlife, and environment could benefit greatly if these docents could extend their suburban outreach programs to inner city primary and intermediate schools as well.
Dating, Social Avoidance and Distress
Authors: Prisbell Marshall
Published: August 2011

For 200 undergraduates association of dating and social avoidance and distress were explored. Conditioned anxiety, physical attractiveness, skills in dating, proximity, and apprehension about dating differentiated between high and low scorers on social avoidance and distress.
Unemployment and Psychological Health among Hong Kong Chinese Women
Authors: Lai Julian C. L. , Chan Raymond K. H. , Luk Chung-Leung
Published: August 2011

The impact of unemployment on psychological health, indexed by the General Health Questionnaire, was studied in 86 unemployed and 79 employed Chinese women in Hong Kong. As with findings reported in the West, the present results showed that the unemployed participants were more disturbed than their steadily employed peers. In addition, the prevalence rate of disturbance (54%) observed in the present sample of unemployed women is comparatively higher than those of Western samples reported previously. Implications of these preliminary findings for research on psychological aspects of unemployment among Hong Kong Chinese were discussed.
Differences in Desired Role Functioning and Job Satisfaction between Doctoral and Nondoctoral School Psychologists
Authors: Levinson Edward M.
Published: August 2011

This study investigated differences between Pennsylvania doctoral and nondoctoral school psychologists ( N = 362) relative to the time desired to be spent in different roles, involvement in vocational activities, and in satisfaction with different aspects of their jobs. Adjusting for the increased error rate associated with making multiple comparisons, no statistically significant differences emerged but differences which fell just short of significance were for desired time in research, involvement in vocational assessment, and satisfaction with pay.
Perceived Control by “Powerful Others” in Paranormal Healers
Authors: Snel F. W. J. J. , van Der Sijde P. C.
Published: August 2011

49 paranormal healers working by laying-on of hands (direct healing) and healing at a distance were compared with 56 nurses and a control group of 73 randomly selected persons on their locus of control and especially on the subscale Powerful Others of Levenson. The paranormal healers scored external in locus of control, and their scores differed significantly from those of the other two groups tested on the Powerful Others subscale. This finding may be associated with the dependent position of paranormal healers since their profession is tolerated by medical doctors and the law.
Self-Narcissism and Interpersonal Attraction to Narcissistic others
Authors: Carroll Lynne , Hoenigmann-Stovall Natalia , Whitehead George I.
Published: August 2011

In the first of a two-part study, 172 participants completed a questionnaire on personality and career preferences. Items from the Narcissism Scale of the Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory were embedded in this questionnaire as well as a series of bogus items. In the second session conducted three weeks later, participants watched a videotaped dramatization of either a male or female enacting a narcissistic role and completed a modified version of the First Impressions Questionnaire and an item assessing mood. The narcissism scores of participants obtained during Part 1 were paired with their respective ratings of the target person on the modified-First Impressions Questionnaire and mood. Contrary to predictions participants' scores on narcissism did not affect their first impressions of persons enacting a narcissistic role. Participants who viewed the male role player rated him as less attractive than those who watched the female, while participants who watched the female target reported greater negative mood scores than those who watched the male target
Alexithymic Characteristics of Bulimia Nervosa in Diabetes Mellitus with End-Stage Renal Disease
Authors: Fukunishi Isao
Published: August 2011

This study examined the clinical characteristics including stress-related factors of eating disorders in a sample of 312 diabetic patients with end-stage renal failure. The prevalence rate of bulimia nervosa was 5.1% (16 of 312 patients). The 16 patients with bulimia nervosa were 8 men and 8 women over 58 years old. Looking at the subjects by cause of end-stage renal failure, those with diabetes mellitus exhibited significantly higher prevalence rate of bulimia nervosa than two nondiabetic groups (diabetes 10%; nephritis 1.6%; others 1.9%). As for the association of bulimia nervosa and stress-related factors, end-stage renal failure patients with diabetes who exhibited bulimia nervosa showed significantly higher scores on a measure of alexithymia. These results suggest that, when liaison psychiatrists see diabetic patients with end-stage renal failure who exhibit bulimia nervosa, they should pay close attention to stress-related symptoms including alexithymia.
Self-Destructiveness and Credit Card Debt
Authors: Politano Joseph , Lester David
Published: August 2011

In a sample of 41 college students, poor use of credit cards was not associated with a measure of general self-destructiveness.
Comparison of Self-Assessment of Premenstrual Symptoms with Scores on the Modified Menstrual Distress Questionnaire
Authors: Kirkby Robert J. , Picone Loretta , Lindner Helen
Published: August 2011

Premenstrual symptoms were assessed in a sample of 267 women (M age 31.4 yr.) using a single self-identification question and the modified Menstrual Distress Questionnaire of Clare and Wiggins. The self-identification question asked to what degree the women experienced premenstrual symptoms. The responses were 34 (13%) for none, 116 (43%) for slight, 99 (37%) for moderate, and 18 (7%) for severe. The mean score on the questionnaire was 23.5 (50=17.5). Correlations indicated significant relationships between self-identification and questionnaire scores ( rho = .76, p < .001). When the women were classified according to Clare's (1983) criterion, almost a third of them assessed their symptoms differently, i.e., while they classified themselves as “nonsufferers” on the self-identification question, their responses on the questionnaire identified them as “sufferers.”
Confirmatory Research on the Assessment of Murderers
Authors: Piotrowski Chris
Published: August 2011

Prior research, from the psychodynamically oriented literature, characterizes homicidal offenders as impulsive, vulnerable to stress, with difficulties in emotional control, particularly anger. In 1995 Coram reported Rorschach data from a sample of murderers which tentatively support earlier findings. This paper argues that confirmatory data from measures which objectively assess emotional states and behaviors could elucidate this issue.
Inducing Positive Mood without Demand Characteristics
Authors: Govern John M. , Marsch Lisa A
Published: August 2011

The possibility that a state of private self-awareness induced by a small mirror can facilitate the effect of procedures which induce a positive mood was investigated. Participants were 171 female and 60 male undergraduates who were randomly assigned to one of six conditions in a 2 (Mirror vs No-mirror) × 3 (Control vs Velten manipulation vs Music manipulation) design. As predicted, participants who experienced the Velten and Music manipulations in the presence of the mirror reported elevated mood relative to control participants. The mood of participants who experienced the Velten and Music manipulations without the mirror did not differ from the mood of control participants. The potential benefits of using a small mirror as a substitute for explicit instructions about the expected effect of mood-induction procedures are discussed.
Private Restroom Graffiti: An Analysis of Controversial Social Issues on Two College Campuses
Authors: Schreer George E. , Strichartz Jeremy M.
Published: August 2011

We collected 428 pieces of graffiti from men's and women's restrooms on two American campuses (one college and one university) in a small town in upstate, New York. The graffiti were coded by sex, institution, and type of building, and then sorted into 19 content categories. Chi-squared analyses indicated that compared to women's restrooms, men's restroom graffiti contained significantly more insulting (especially antigay) and scatological references but not more sexual graffiti. Women's restrooms had more political graffiti than men's, but contrary to previous research, very few romantic inscriptions. The university sample from a more diverse student body than that of the college, contained more racist and political graffiti. Compared to residence halls, libraries across both college campuses contained more inflammatory graffiti. Based on these findings, private restroom graffiti appear to provide a useful and unobtrusive method for investigating controversial and sensitive social issues.
Some Preliminary Studies on the Ability of Africanized Honey Bees (Apis Mellifera L.) to Tolerate Cold Temperatures When Placed inside a Refrigerator
Authors: Abramson Charles I. , Aquino Italo S. , Azeredo Gerson A. , Price James M.
Published: August 2011

Cold is often suggested as an ecological mechanism to prevent the migration of Africanized honey bees. The ability of Africanized honey bees to tolerate cold temperatures was investigated. In one study an observation hive was placed inside a refrigerator at 25°C. The study was conceptualized as a choice experiment in which the colony could remain in a cold environment or leave for a warm environment. Analysis indicated that the bees remained at 9 ± 1°C for 14 days before leaving. In a second series of studies, testing the tolerance to 0°C, 280 bees were placed individually in small metal tubes. The data gathered included survival rate, time to regain consciousness, and ability to feed. Analysis indicated that Africanized bees can survive for up to 3 hr. at 0°C with few ill effects. At 4 hr., however, the survival rate is low. Limitations of the study, the use of cold as a possible deterrent to honey bee mites, and suggestions for additional research are discussed.
A Prospective Study of Hope, Optimism, and Health
Authors: Scioli Anthony , Chamberlin Christine M. , Samor Cindi M. , Lapointe Anne B. , Campbell Tamara L. , Macleod Alex R. , McLenon Jennifer
Published: August 2011

The present investigation sought to distinguish hope from optimism in the context of a 10-wk. prospective study involving reports of health outcomes. Gottschalk's (1985) Hope Scale and Scheier and Carver's (1987) Life Orientation Test which assesses optimism were given to subjects, along with a health questionnaire. Ten weeks later subjects were given a second health questionnaire. To rule out potential confounds we included measures of neuroticism, depression, extroversion, and social desirability. After controlling for the effects of correlated confounds, we found that lower hope scores (but not optimism) were correlated with several dimensions of reported health, including frequency and severity of illness.
Changes in Crime Rates and Family-Related Values in Selected East European Countries
Authors: Krus David J. , Nelsen Edward A. , Webb James M.
Published: August 2011

Observations and longitudinal comparisons of emerging trends within formerly socialist East European countries offer a unique opportunity to observe some of the social policies typical of the capitalist and socialist systems and their influence on society. Some of the emerging trends in the Czech Republic, former East Germany, and Russia pertaining to general areas of public health, family, and crime are described. Effects of these changes are discussed within the framework of a recently proposed multiple regression model of criminal behavior in which criminality is attributed to the confluence of gross inequalities in the distribution of wealth and to the disintegration of the traditional family. The changes should be considered in the conduct of research.