bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
La dignité de la créature au miroir de l’animal. Droit fondamental ou principe général ?
Authors: Favre Brian
Published: January 2023

La dignité de la créature est un concept juridique flou, mais non pas vide. Elle fixe un programme ambitieux : le respect du vivant par une communauté humaine et une responsabilité à son égard. Malgré ses 30 ans, cette innovation du droit helvétique est encore en quête d’une concrétisation juridique. Afin d’envisager plus précisément les formes que cette dignité du vivant pourrait prendre à l’avenir, il est utile de lui tendre un miroir grossissant : celui de l’animal. C’est en effet sous la guise de la dignité animale que se laissent aujourd’hui le mieux percevoir les deux voies possibles de la concrétisation de ce concept innovant (droit subjectif ou principe). L’alternative mérite qu’on s’y arrête, car elle trace sans doute les contours de la société multispécifique de demain.
Travail vivant et dignité des animaux de ferme
Authors: Porcher Jocelyne
Published: January 2023

À partir des années 2000, dans le fil de l’inscription de la notion de « dignité de la créature » dans la constitution suisse, des réflexions ont émergé à propos de la « dignité de l’animal ». Aujourd’hui, il semble que la dignité des animaux de ferme soit plus précaire que jamais. J’argumente ce constat en lien avec le développement de l’agriculture cellulaire, notamment de la « viande cultivée » et l’expansion du travail mort dans l’industrie. En élevage, le respect de la dignité des animaux se manifeste dans les pratiques des éleveurs et dans les modes de relations avec la nature qu’elles permettent. À l’inverse du travail mort porté par l’agriculture industrielle et les biotechnologies, le travail en élevage reste un travail vivant, pour la vie et pour la dignité des humains et des animaux.
A matter of time: the impacts of Covid-19 on marine biodiversity negotiations
Authors: Langlet Arne , Wanneau Krystel , Dunshirn Paul , Ruiz Rodríguez Silvia C. , Tessnow-von Wysocki Ina , B.M.Vadrot Alice
Published: January 2023

Les négociations en personne du nouveau traité pour conserver et utiliser durablement la biodiversité marine au-delà des juridictions nationales (BBNJ) ont été interrompues par la pandémie du Covid-19 et ses confinements, à l’instar de nombreuses autres réunions internationales sur l’environnement. Dans le cas du BBNJ, les acteurs étatiques et non étatiques ont initié plusieurs formats d’échanges numériques et de ‘sites’ virtuels de négociation pour continuer ces relations multilatérales sur une période de deux ans. Pour explorer l’impact de ce ‘tournant numérique’ dans les processus de création d’accords multilatéraux environnementaux, nous avons adapté les méthodologies que nous avions utilisées auparavant pour étudier les négociations en personne et ainsi conduit deux questionnaires en ligne et une ethnographie politique critique. Deux questions générales ont guidé notre recherche : comment les négociations sont-elles devenues numériques et quels ont été les impacts de ce tournant numérique ? Nous analysons les impacts à plusieurs niveaux et les discutons par le biais de trois dimensions temporelles : la temporalité comprise comme une vitesse, une période, et un élan. Nos résultats indiquent que, premièrement, les acteurs non étatiques ont participé plus activement dans les formats en ligne pour maintenir le rythme des négociations ; deuxièmement, les individus ont perçu cette période supplémentaire de temps — pendant laquelle ils ne pouvaient que communiquer en ligne ‘en attendant’ le retour des négociations en personne —comme étant certes négative mais dont l’expérience était partagée ; et troisièmement, les formats en ligne ont assuré que l’élan des négociations ne s’éteigne pas pendant la crise du Covid-19 —et ainsi évité un échec du processus général de négociation.
La crise sanitaire de la Covid 19 et ses conséquences sur les pratiques diplomatiques des États francophones et sur les actions de l’OIF lors des négociations climatiques de la COP 26
Authors: Meszaros Thomas , Khanh Dang Hong
Published: January 2023

La présente contribution porte sur les conséquences occasionnées par la crise de la Covid 19 sur les négociations environnementales de la COP 26. Notre étude interroge la manière dont l'OIF et les pays francophones se sont organisés pour participer aux discussions préparatoires et aux négociations de la COP 26 conciliant la temporalité de la crise sanitaire avec celle des négociations environnementales internationales. D’une part, notre contribution souligne les effets de la crise sanitaire sur les pratiques et sur l’agenda des négociations des pays francophones qui ont participé à ces négociations environnementales internationales. D’autre part, elle aborde les actions menées par l’OIF pour faciliter les pré-négociations et les négociations des États francophones lors de la COP 26. Pour répondre à notre questionnement initial et mener notre recherche, notre étude se base sur des rapports scientifiques, des discours et surtout de données issues d’entretiens semi-directifs menés auprès de représentants des institutions de la Francophonie (OIF, IFDD), de diplomates et négociateurs qui ont participé d’une manière ou d’une autre aux préparations et aux négociations de la COP 26.
Les aires marines protégées de l’Autorité internationale des fonds marins : la négociation environnementale et l’extraction minière
Authors: Pires da Cruz Tiago
Published: January 2023

L’Autorité Internationale des Fonds Marins (AIFM) est mandatée pour réguler le développement de l’industrie minière des grands fonds marins au-delà des juridictions nationales. Elle développe des politiques environnementales dès ses débuts en 1996. Mais celles-ci demeurent liées à son mandat minier. La négociation internationale environnementale qui se déroule de 2007 à 2012 avec des acteurs externes met en lumière des enjeux entre sciences/politiques, experts/décisionnaires ou développement industriel/environnement. Elle se développe autour d’« Aires Marines Protégées » (AMP), des instruments de conservations par zonage à la popularité croissante. Leur visée étant d’exclure les activités minières de vastes zones de haute mer, le projet semble aller à l’encontre du mandat extractif de l’organisation internationale. Mais le format de la négociation va les rendre compatible avec le projet de laisser ouvert un horizon « durable » pour les mines des grands fonds marins.
Construction-déconstruction de la comptabilité publique
Authors: Kott Sébastien
Published: January 2023

La comptabilité est une construction humaine, il en va de même dans le secteur public. Néanmoins, la comptabilité publique fut longtemps comprise et pensée sous un angle juridique ce qui a conduit à une grande confusion. Le décret GBCP de 2012 propose enfin une définition fonctionnelle de la comptabilité correspondant à ce qu’elle est plus qu’à son régime juridique. Cela permet de déconstruire la notion pour la mettre en perspective avec deux notions proches : comptes publics et comptabilité des entités publiques.
Trois méthodes comptables complémentaires pour mettre les problèmes écologiques au cœur de la chose publique
Authors: Feger Clément , Levrel Harold , Rambaud Alexandre
Published: January 2023

Ce papier met en avant la pertinence et l’importance du développement de cadres comptables écologiques nouveaux à même de contribuer aux multiples efforts de transformation de notre économie en un système qui maintient et restaure efficacement la biosphère. Trois méthodes de comptabilité écologique sont présentées, s’établissant respectivement au niveau national (les coûts écologiques non payés), des organisations (le modèle CARE), et de la gestion collective des écosystèmes sur les territoires (la comptabilité de gestion écosystème-centrée). Nous montrons en quoi ces méthodes partagent un socle théorique commun en ce qu’elles sont toutes les trois ancrées en « soutenabilité forte » et privilégient des approches par les coûts de préservation/restauration des écosystèmes. Nous concluons en insistant sur la complémentarité de ces approches et la nécessité d’avancer sur les chantiers d’articulation déjà engagés dans le cadre des travaux de la chaire Comptabilité écologique.
La LOLF 2.0 : du cadre budgétaire à l’encadrement des finances publiques. Une analyse de la loi organique du 28 décembre 2021 relative à la modernisation de la gestion des finances publiques
Authors: Mordacq Frank
Published: January 2023

La loi organique du 28 décembre 2021 relative à la modernisation de la gestion des finances publiques modifie substantiellement la loi organique du 1 er août 2001 relative aux lois de finances en y intégrant un pilotage pluriannuel renforcé des finances publiques destiné à mieux surveiller l’exécution des engagements de l’État pris dans les lois de programmation éponymes. Elle comporte par ailleurs des dispositions permettant une application plus rigoureuse des principes budgétaires au regard des pratiques de la LOLF et accentue les demandes d’informations et les pouvoirs de vote et de contrôle du Parlement sur les finances publiques. Cependant les règles de gouvernance se heurtent à des limites juridiques et politiques et les exigences d’information du Parlement ne peuvent porter atteinte à la répartition des pouvoirs entre l’exécutif et le législatif en matière de finances publiques.
Strasbourg, « capitale de l’Europe » : un autre rapport du citoyen aux institutions européennes ?
Authors: Foret François
Published: January 2023

Strasbourg comme « capitale européenne » constitue un terrain privilégié d’étude de la socialisation des citoyens à l’UE pour tester deux hypothèses. D’une part, la proximité des institutions européennes peut favoriser des interactions directes. D’autre part, le fait de vivre au centre symbolique du système européen peut fonctionner comme une gratification identitaire renforçant l’identification et le soutien à l’UE. Les résultats d’un sondage auprès d’un échantillon représentatif de Strasbourgeois suggèrent un effet modéré des deux facteurs proximité et centre symbolique, effet qui n’occulte cependant pas les discriminations socioéconomiques et culturelles habituelles du rapport à l’Europe des individus.
Lou Andreas-Salomé l’hérétique : « L’Éros n’a jamais de fin »
Authors: Ardeven François
Published: January 2023

De toutes les « filles de Freud », de ces femmes qui ont été ravies dans le foyer du professeur viennois, Lou Andreas-Salomé se détache, selon son mot, « par son tempérament ». De la même génération que Freud, et en somme, son égale, après avoir participé à la vie de l’esprit avec Nietzsche et Rilke, elle rencontre Freud à Weimar en 1911. Vingt ans plus tard, elle lui écrit une lettre ouverte pleine de ferveur mais « hérétique » comme elle dit. Sur la mort, qu’il ne faut pas imaginer dans une passivité sans sujet, ou sur la question du narcissisme primaire à toujours considérer actif tout au long de la vie, Lou Andreas-Salomé manifeste son désaccord, celui d’une femme qui ne se fait pas tout à fait à l’esprit de conquête et de progrès. Enfin, elle ne se range pas en art à la théorie freudienne de la fécondité des refoulements. Trois hérésies qui font de Lou Andreas-Salomé une des plus grandes freudiennes de son temps.
Full‐information estimation of heterogeneous agent models using macro and micro data
Authors: Liu Laura , Plagborg-Møller Mikkel
Published: January 2023

We develop a generally applicable full‐information inference method for heterogeneous agent models, combining aggregate time series data and repeated cross‐sections of micro data. To handle unobserved aggregate state variables that affect cross‐sectional distributions, we compute a numerically unbiased estimate of the model‐implied likelihood function. Employing the likelihood estimate in a Markov Chain Monte Carlo algorithm, we obtain fully efficient and valid Bayesian inference. Evaluation of the micro part of the likelihood lends itself naturally to parallel computing. Numerical illustrations in models with heterogeneous households or firms demonstrate that the proposed full‐information method substantially sharpens inference relative to using only macro data, and for some parameters micro data is essential for identification.
Pareto extrapolation: An analytical framework for studying tail inequality
Authors: Gouin-Bonenfant Émilien , Toda Alexis Akira
Published: January 2023

We develop an analytical framework designed to solve and analyze heterogeneous‐agent models that endogenously generate fat‐tailed wealth distributions. We exploit the asymptotic linearity of policy functions and the analytical characterization of the Pareto exponent to augment the conventional solution algorithm with a theory of the tail. Our framework allows for a precise understanding of the very top of the wealth distribution (e.g., analytical expressions for top wealth shares, type distribution in the tail, and transition probabilities in and out of the tail) in addition to delivering improved accuracy and speed.
Random utility and limited consideration
Authors: Aguiar Victor H. , Boccardi Maria Jose , Kashaev Nail , Kim Jeongbin
Published: January 2023

The random utility model (RUM, McFadden and Richter (1990)) has been the standard tool to describe the behavior of a population of decision makers. RUM assumes that decision makers behave as if they maximize a rational preference over a choice set. This assumption may fail when consideration of all alternatives is costly. We provide a theoretical and statistical framework that unifies well‐known models of random (limited) consideration and generalizes them to allow for preference heterogeneity. We apply this methodology in a novel stochastic choice data set that we collected in a large‐scale online experiment. Our data set is unique since it exhibits both choice set and (attention) frame variation. We run a statistical survival race between competing models of random consideration and RUM. We find that RUM cannot explain the population behavior. In contrast, we cannot reject the hypothesis that decision makers behave according to the logit attention model (Brady and Rehbeck (2016)).
Ética para la inteligencia artificial sostenible
Authors: Terrones Rodríguez Antonio Luis
Published: January 2023

El acelerado proceso de degradación ambiental alerta sobre una grave situación en la que la inteligencia artificial (IA) no puede mantenerse al margen. Las propuestas de Aimee van Wynsbergue y Mark Coeckelbergh sobre una IA comprometida con la sostenibilidad ambiental, suponen un primer paso para plantear un desarrollo alternativo de esta tecnología disruptiva. Sin embargo, es necesario ofrecer un fundamento teórico para plantear una inteligencia artificial sostenible (IAS). Este fundamento puede originarse en dos propuestas éticas familiarizadas con la responsabilidad y el cuidado. Por un lado, se encuentra la ética de la responsabilidad de Hans Jonas; y por otro, las éticas del cuidado de Carol Gilligan y los pueblos indígenas, fuertemente sensibilizados con la naturaleza.
Broken Links in the Workforce Development System: The Social-Human Development Need for Assessing Psychological Self-Sufficiency
Authors: Hong Philip Young P. , Holland Brian , Park Jang Ho , Kim Caleb K.
Published: January 2023

The broken links in the U.S. workforce development system is that it focuses largely on bringing economic actors together to invest in education and training as inputs and to generate job match results as outputs in an employers’ market. Integrating Anthony Giddens’s structuration theory with psychological self-sufficiency (PSS) as a bottom-up system recreating process through productive practices of human actors is examined. The purpose of the study was to examine how the change in PSS affects one’s later stage economic self-sufficiency (ESS) outcome in workforce development. The study sample consisted of 350 low-income jobseekers from a U.S. federally funded health care career pathway education and training program called the Health Profession Opportunity Grant (HPOG). A multiple regression analysis found that PSS positively affects ESS while controlling for other sociodemographic variables. These findings guide the policymakers and service providers to invest more resources in building a culture of PSS to relink the workforce development system. We develop a case for assessing PSS to inform humanistic human resource development and management in helping individuals to switch from barriers to hope to achieve career goals in their lives. We propose further agenda for PSS research to be applied in industry-based employee engagement.
Corporate Social Responsibility and Social Development in India: An Interface
Authors: Bhatt Sanjai , Kadiyan Lakshya
Published: January 2023

Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) is a much-discussed subject understood contextually and largely debated between dichotomies of profitability and morality. India makes a case for amalgamation of both these dichotomies through compulsory CSR mandate. The cultural diversity of India offers a multitude of challenges in social development and has been approached through localization of both CSR and Sustainable Development Goals (SDG). The objectives of Indian CSR programme are further mapped to Agenda 2030 for achieving sustainable development goals. The influence of this approach is visible in shifting quantum of money, corporate initiatives as well as government schemes toward various development programmes. This paper studies the interface between CSR and social development, which makes a compact case for a public–private partnership to achieve Agenda 2030.
Store Environmental Cues and Repurchase Intention in Retail Supermarkets in Sri Lanka: Mediating Role of Store Image
Authors: Hilal M. I. M.
Published: January 2023

The objective of the study was to investigate the impact of store environment on the repurchase intention and examine the mediating role of store image created through the store environment of Sri Lankan retail supermarkets. Data were collected from 183 customers of retail supermarkets using a questionnaire. Findings indicate that the store environment of supermarkets leads to store image, which is important for the formation of repurchase intention of customers. The study further revealed that store image partially mediates the relationship between store environment and repurchase intention of customers. Retail marketers need more focus on the easiness of moving within supermarkets, pleasant lighting within supermarkets, mechanizing in stores, attractive display, and location to create a conducive store environment for customers. In forming store image, retail marketers may pay attention to external and internal decorations of stores, knowledge of sales personnel, quality and assortment of products, and fair and competitive prices.
Two unusual presentations of vitamin B12 Deficiency.
Authors: Edirisinghe Udara Priyadarshani , Silva F. H. D. Shehan
Published: January 2023

Vitamin B12, a water-soluble vitamin is important in DNA synthesis. Inadequate intake of animal foods and pernicious anaemia (loss of intrinsic factor due to autoimmune atrophic gastritis) are known to be the most common causes of severe deficiency worldwide (1).

Although most of the patients with deficiency have only mild haematological findings, very few presents present with symptomatic pancytopenia, severe anaemia (haemaglobin
Determinants of Customer Satisfaction in the Mobile Telecommunications Service Industry
Authors: Karunaratna A. C. , Kumara P. A. P. S.
Published: January 2023

The mobile telecommunications service industry has become one of the most dynamic and vibrant service industries in the contemporary business context. The mobile phone plays an essential role by revolutionizing consumer behaviour and creating a new fashion of life. Identifying the determinants of customer satisfaction in the mobile telecommunications service industry has drawn a greater interest among marketers due to the vibrancy of the services and severe competition in the industry. However, studies in relation to the determinants of customer satisfaction in the context of mobile phone services in Sri Lanka are scarce. Therefore, this study was conducted to identify the determinants of customer satisfaction in mobile telecommunications services in the Sri Lankan business context since identifying the key determinants of customer satisfaction in mobile phone services is of greater importance to deliver an effective service and remain subscribers satisfied. Accordingly, mobile phone subscribers were selected as the unit of analysis of the study. A structured questionnaire was administered, and data were collected from a sample of 722 mobile phone subscribers. Structural Equation Modelling was used to analyse the structural relationships in the study. The results are decisive, which will be interesting for service providers who are highly concerned about the satisfaction of their subscribers. Accordingly, the results indicate that perceived value, corporate image, trust, loyalty programmes, and service quality have a significant positive impact on customer satisfaction. Service quality, among the determinants identified in the study, plays a dominant role in satisfying customers, which has the highest impact on customer satisfaction in the context of the mobile telecommunications service industry.
Undergraduates’ Satisfaction with Zoom e-learning Application: Empirical Evidence from Management Undergraduates
Authors: Chandradasa A. H. Isuru , Galhena B. L.
Published: January 2023

E-learning is developing as the new paradigm of modern education. The global e-learning business is growing at a 35.6 percent annual rate and still, there are failures. The success of e-learning systems is predicted mainly by user satisfaction. However, factors derived from users’ satisfaction with using zoom for e-learning are still underexplored. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to explore the factors that might impact undergraduate satisfaction regarding the use of zoom applications for e-learning. A theoretical foundation was laid for the study from empirical findings based on that conceptual framework was developed. Data was collected from 213 Management undergraduates of the University of Ruhuna by using a questionnaire survey. Results of the study indicated that perceived quality, perceived value, and technology self-efficacy positively impact undergraduates’ satisfaction with using the Zoom application for e-learning. Further, the study found that perceived utility has a significant negative impact on undergraduates’ e-learning satisfaction by using Zoom. The study was conducted from a student's point of view and implies their actual desires for e-learning specifically the Zoom application. Based on the findings stakeholders can pay attention to taking necessary actions to fulfil students’ needs and guiding them to gain higher satisfaction with e-learning and finally it will lead to the overall success of implemented e-learning system.
Identifying potential ligand molecules EGFR mediated TNBC targeting the kinase domain-identification of customized drugs through in silico methods
Authors: Vyshnavi Hima , Namboori Krishnan
Published: January 2023

Background and Purpose:

Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is an aggressive subtype of breast cancer in which three hormone receptors are negative. This work aimed at identifying customized potential molecules inhibiting epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) by exploring variants using the pharmacogenomics approaches.

Experimental approach:

The pharmacogenomics approach has been followed to identify the genetic variants across the 1000 genomes continental population. Model proteins for the populations have been designed by including genetic variants in the reported positions. The 3D structures of the mutated proteins have been generated through homology modeling. The kinase domain present in the parent and the model protein molecules has been investigated. The docking study has been performed with the protein molecules against the kinase inhibitors evaluated by the molecular dynamic simulation studies. Molecular evolution has been performed to generate the potential derivatives of these kinase inhibitors suitable for the conserved region of the kinase domain. This study considered variants within the kinase domain as the sensitive region and remaining residues as the conserved region.

Findings/Results:

The results reveal that few kinase inhibitors interact with the sensitive region. Among the derivatives of these kinase inhibitors molecules, the potential kinase inhibitor that interacts with the different population models has been identified

Conclusions and implications:

This study encompasses the importance of genetic variants in drug action as well as in the design of customized drugs. This research gives way to designing customized potential molecules inhibiting EGFR by exploring variants using the pharmacogenomics approaches.
A comparative study of the arazyme-based fusion proteins with various ligands for more effective targeting cancer therapy
Authors: Mehrab Rezvan , Sedighian Hamid , Sotoodehnejadnematalahi Fattah , Halabian Raheleh , Fooladi Abbas Ali Imani
Published: January 2023

Background and purpose:

Recently, the use of immunotoxins for targeted cancer therapy has been proposed, to find new anticancer drugs with high efficacy on tumor cells with minimal side effects on normal cells. we designed and compared several arazyme (AraA)-based fusion proteins with different ligands to choose the best-targeted therapy for interleukin 13 receptor alpha 2 (IL13Rα2)-overexpressed cancer cells. For this purpose, IL13Rα2 was selected as a receptor and IL13 and IL13.E13K were evaluated as native and mutant ligands, respectively. In addition, Pep-1 and A2b11 were chosen as the peptide ligands for targeted cancer therapy.

Experimental approach:

Several bioinformatics servers were used for designing constructs and optimization. The structures of the chimeric proteins were predicted and verified by I-TASSER, Q-Mean, ProSA, Ramachandran plot, and Verify3D program. Physicochemical properties, toxicity, and antigenicity were predicted by ProtParam, ToxinPred, and VaxiJen. HawkDock, LigPlot+, and GROMACS software were used for docking and molecular dynamics simulation of the ligand-receptor interaction.

Findings/Results:

The in silico results showed AraA-A2b11 has higher values of confidence score and Q-mean score was obtained for high-resolution crystal structures. All chimeric proteins were stable, non-toxic, and non-antigenic. AraA-(A(EAAAK)4ALEA(EAAAK)4A)2-IL13 retained its natural structure and based on ligand-receptor docking and molecular dynamic analysis, the binding ability of AraA-(A(EAAAK)4ALEA(EAAAK)4A)2-IL13 to IL13Rα2 was sufficiently strong.

Conclusion and implications:

Based on the bioinformatics result AraA-(A(EAAAK)4ALEA(EAAAK)4A)2-IL13 was a stable fusion protein with two separate domains and high affinity with the IL13Rα2 receptor. Therefore, AraA-(A(EAAAK)4ALEA(EAAAK)4A)2-IL13 fusion protein could be a new potent candidate for target cancer therapy.
Effect of metformin alone and in combination with etoposide and epirubicin on proliferation, apoptosis, necrosis, and migration of B-CPAP and SW cells as thyroid cancer cell lines
Authors: Ghavami Ghazaleh , Kiasari Ramin Ebrahimi , Pakzad Faezeh , Sardari Soroush
Published: January 2023

Background and purpose:

There has not been a comprehensive study on the simultaneous effects of metformin, etoposide, and epirubicin on thyroid cancer cells. Hence, the current research proposed the in vitro study on the effect of metformin alone and in combination with etoposide and epirubicin on the rate of proliferation, apoptosis, necrosis, and migration against B-CPAP and SW-1736 cells as thyroid cancer cell lines.

Experimental approach:

MTT-based proliferation assay, combination index method, flow cytometry, and scratch wound healing assays were used to evaluate the simultaneous effects of the three approved drugs against thyroid cancer cells.

Findings/Results:

This study showed that the toxic concentration of metformin on normal Hu02 cells was more than 10 folds higher than B-CPAP and SW cancerous cells. Metformin in combination with epirubicin and etoposide could increase percentages of B-CPAP and SW cells in early and late apoptosis and necrosis phases in comparison with their single concentrations, significantly. Metformin in combination with epirubicin and etoposide could arrest the S phase in B-CPAP and SW cells, significantly. Metformin in combination with epirubicin and etoposide could reduce ~100% migration rate, whereas single concentrations of epirubicin and etoposide could reduce ~50% migration rate.

Conclusion and implication:

Combined treatment of metformin with anticancer drugs epirubicin and etoposide can increase the mortality in thyroid cancer cell lines and reduce the toxicity of these drugs on the normal cell line, which could be the starting point for proposing a new combination strategy in the therapy of thyroid cancer to induce more potency and reduce acute toxicity.
Psychological Impact of COVID-19 on Health-Care Workers in Southern India
Authors: Shaik Parveen Sultana , Halder Niharika , Thota Saranya , Nachu Sneha , Bhavani Vasamsetti Divya , Pavani Nijampatnam P. M.
Published: January 2023

Background:

The study aims to uncover some of the relevant concerns, with a specific emphasis on psychological and mental status evaluation, as well as a few suggested coping mechanisms.

Materials and Methods:

A cross-sectional, observational study conducted on medical, dental, and nursing from all over India. The questionnaire, which consisted of 19 questions, was designed to determine the health-care professionals’ awareness of the WHO guidelines. Collected data were computed with SPSS version 25 and analyzed using descriptive statistics, independent t-test and Chi-square test, Pearson correlation, and one-way ANOVA.

Results:

Medical (4.23 ± 0.645) health-care personnel have higher mean stress levels than nursing (3.16 ± 0.458) and dental (2.2 ± 0.953) health-care workers (HCWs) (P = 0.0001). In terms of work experience, 6–10 years (3.35 ± 1.13) have higher stress levels than 1–5 years and >10 years (P = 0.005).

Conclusion:

This study uncovered a high pervasiveness of discerning stress among HCWs during the COVID-19 pandemic, which afflicted all workers despite the demographic status.
Recent advancements in critical care: Part I
Authors: Gopal Palepu B. , Karim Habib Md Reazaul , Karthekeyan Ranjit , Raphael Paul Ovungal , Tiwaskar Shilpa , Vaidyanathan R
Published: January 2023

Medical colleges are now developing or refurbishing their anaesthesia intensive care units. In most teaching colleges, the residency post includes working in the critical care unit (CCU). Critical care is a rapidly evolving and popular super-speciality for postgraduate students. In some hospitals, anaesthesiologists play a key role in the management of the CCU. As perioperative physicians, all anaesthesiologists should be aware of the recent advancements in diagnostic and monitoring gadgets and investigations in critical care so that they may manage perioperative events effectively. Haemodynamic monitoring gives us warning signs about the change in the internal milieu of the patient. Point-of-care ultrasonography helps in rapid differential diagnosis. Point-of-care diagnostics give us instant bed-side information on the condition of a patient. Biomarkers help in confirming diagnosis, in monitoring, treatment, and providing prognosis. Molecular diagnostics guide anaesthesiologists in providing specific treatment to a causative agent. This article touches upon all of these management strategies in critical care and attempts to put forth the recent advancements in this speciality.
Recent advances in geriatric anaesthesia
Authors: Mahender Anuradha , Chavan Surekha S. , Saroa Richa , Chauhan Meenal
Published: January 2023

The World Health Organization defines healthy ageing as ‘the process of developing and maintaining the functional ability that enables well-being in older age’. This functional ability is the characteristic of the individual’s own physical and mental status influenced by the environmental and socio-economic factors. Preoperative preparation of the elderly patients includes functional assessment to identify preexisting cognitive impairment or cardio-pulmonary reserve, frailty, nutrition, polypharmacy and anti-coagulation issues. Intraoperative management includes anaesthetic mode and pharmacology, monitoring, intravenous fluid and transfusion management, lung protective ventilation and hypothermia. Postoperative checklist includes perioperative analgesia, postoperative delirium and cognitive dysfunction.
Update on preoperative evaluation and optimisation
Authors: Jindal Parul , Patil Vidya , Pradhan Rajeev , Mahajan Hitendra C. , Rani Amutha , Pabba Upender Gowd
Published: January 2023

The patients presenting for surgery today often belong to the extremes of age, have multiple co-morbidities, and undergo complex surgeries. This makes them more prone to morbidity and mortality. A detailed preoperative evaluation of the patient can contribute to reducing this mortality and morbidity. There are various risk indices and validated scoring systems and many of them need to be calculated using preoperative parameters. Their key objective is to identify patients vulnerable to complications and to return them to desirable functional activity as soon as possible. Any individual undergoing surgery should be optimised preoperatively, but special considerations should be given to patients with comorbidity, on multiple drugs, and undergoing high-risk surgery. The objective of this review is to put forth the latest trends in the preoperative evaluation and optimisation of patients undergoing noncardiac surgery and emphasise the importance of risk stratification in these patients.
Recent advances in research, training and teaching in anaesthesia and critical care
Authors: Hemantkumar Indrani , Sanwatsarkar Sadhana , Narendra Babu MC , Kaur Sarvjeet , Dogra Neeti , Bajwa Sukhminder Jit Singh
Published: January 2023

Teaching and learning in anaesthesia and critical care has traditionally included seminars, journal clubs and clinical teaching in the operation theatre. The aim has always been to ignite the spark of thinking and self-directed learning in the students. The process of ‘dissertation preparation’ introduces basic knowledge and interest in research in the postgraduate student. All this is followed by an examination at the end of the course including the theory and practical assessment in the form of long and short case discussions and table viva-voce. The National Medical Commission in 2019 introduced the competency-based medical education curriculum for anaesthesia postgraduates. This curriculum focuses on structured teaching and learning. It has specific learning objectives in theoretical knowledge, skills and attitude development. The building up of communication skills has been given due importance. Though research in anaesthesia and critical care is steadily progressing, much work needs to be done on its improvement.
Recent trends in chronic pain medicine
Authors: Malhotra Naveen , Joshi Muralidhar , Dey Samarjit , Sahoo Rajendra , Verma Sidharth , Asish K
Published: January 2023

Chronic pain presents as an unequalled challenge for physicians, owing to the complexity of biochemical and biological pathways involved in pain transmission and high variability of pain perception among individuals. Often, there is an inadequate response to conservative treatment, and opioid treatment has its own drawbacks, such as side effects and opioid dependence. Hence, novel strategies have evolved for the effective and safe management of chronic pain. Radiofrequency technique, regenerative biomaterial, platelet-rich plasma, mesenchymal stem cells, reactive oxygen species scavenger nanomaterial, ultrasound-guided interventional pain management procedures, endoscopic spinal procedures, vertebral augmentation therapy, and neuromodulation are some of the promising and upcoming modalities in the armamentarium of pain physicians.
Newer frontiers in onco-anaesthesia and palliative medicine
Authors: Balakrishnan Kalpana , Goswami Jyotsna , Koshy Rachel C. , Hariharan Uma , Srivastava Divya , Salgaonkar Sweta
Published: January 2023

Despite an increase in knowledge on the biology of cancer and newer therapeutic modalities, the incidence and mortality of cancer continue to rise. Interventions to enhance perioperative outcomes in cancer is a growing research area that targets early recovery and initiation of cancer-specific treatment. Increasing mortality in non-communicable diseases such as cancer mandates an integrated palliative care for these patients to achieve the best possible quality of life. The aim of this review is to discuss in brief the advancements in onco-anaesthesia and palliative medicine that have helped improve oncological outcomes and the quality of life of patients.
Recent advances in anaesthesia for intrauterine and foetal surgery
Authors: Nath Gita , Subrahmanyam M , Jayanthi R , Singh Ranju , Ramesh S , Ahuja Vanita
Published: January 2023

Advances in prenatal diagnostic techniques have enabled early detection of potentially correctable foetal anomalies. Here, we summarise recent developments in anaesthesia for foetal surgery. Types of foetal surgery include minimally invasive, open mid-gestational and ex-utero intrapartum treatment (EXIT) procedures. Foetoscopic surgery avoids hysterotomy, with risk of uterine dehiscence, preserving the possibility of subsequent vaginal delivery. Minimally invasive procedures are performed under local or regional anaesthesia; open or EXIT procedures are usually done under general anaesthesia. Requirements include maintenance of uteroplacental blood flow, and uterine relaxation to prevent placental separation and premature labour. Foetal requirements include monitoring of well-being, providing analgesia and immobility. EXIT procedures require maintenance of placental circulation till the airway is secured, requiring multidisciplinary involvement. Here, the uterine tone must return after baby delivery to prevent major maternal haemorrhage. The anaesthesiologist plays a crucial role in maintaining maternal and foetal homeostasis and optimising surgical conditions.
Recent advances in system management, decision support systems, artificial intelligence and computing in anaesthesia
Authors: Gupta Bhavna , Sahay Nishant , Vinod Krishnagopal , Sandhu Kirandeep , Basireddy Hariprasad Reddy , Mudiganti Rama Krishna Reddy
Published: January 2023

Advances in artificial intelligence, telemedicine, block-chain technology and electronic medical records are paving the way for a new era in anaesthetic care through automation, non-invasive monitoring, system management and decision support systems. Their utility has been demonstrated in a variety of contexts in the peri-operative setting, including but not limited to, monitoring anaesthesia depth, maintaining drug infusion, predicting hypotension, critical incident evaluation, risk management strategies, antibiotic administration, haemodynamic monitoring, precise ultrasound-guided nerve blocks and a future where possibilities are entirely dependent on how we decide to embrace this progression. The main objective of this article is to provide up-to-date and valuable knowledge about the recent advances in anaesthesia technology during the past few years.
Challenges and Importance of Thoracic Expansion Measuring Device
Authors: Ved Nidhi , Sharma Amit
Published: January 2023

Thoracic expansion is defined as the difference in chest circumference between maximal exhalation and maximal inhalation. The ability to accurately evaluate thoracic expansion is important in diagnosing and evaluating the severity of disorders such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, asthma, bronchiectasis, and ankylosing spondylitis. This study aimed to evaluate the available device for measuring thoracic expansion along with its cost, working mechanism, equipment required, the expertise required to operate it, reliability and validity of the device, and its commercial availability in the market. From January 2011 to December 2021, relevant keywords such as instruments for measuring chest expansion, sensors for detecting chest expansion, and others were used to search articles in electronic databases such as PubMed, PEDro, Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar. To handle bibliographic data, the open-source reference management software Mendeley was utilized, and the duplicate research article was removed, allowing the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses flow diagram to be generated. Only 96 publications were considered based on the Downs and Black checklist, which was used to assess the methodological quality of the studies. Statistical analysis was done using the descriptive analysis method for assessing the data. Further study into producing accurate, cost-effective, easy-to-use, and widely available chest expansion measurement equipment that anybody can use without complexity or supervision is suggested.
Impact of Menstrual Cycle Phases on the Selected Physiological Parameters and Skill-Related Components
Authors: Yadav Tanu Shree , Pandey Gayatri
Published: January 2023

Context:

Numerous researches have been conducted to investigate the changes in various types of physical and physiological profiles in the menstrual cycle, but the results have been inconsistent and conflicting. Researchers also noticed that studies have not focused on athletes who participate in sports dominated by speed endurance specifically.

Aims:

The intent of the study was to analyze the physiological parameters and skill°related components during the various stages of the menstrual cycle, namely, menstrual, follicular, ovulation, and luteal phases.

Settings and Design: Randomized clinical trial conducted on female athletes from Gwalior.

Methods and Material:

Data were collected on 20 randomly selected female athletes from LNIPE, Gwalior, who are having a regular menstrual cycle. Vital capacity, VO2 max, 50°m sprint, and 12°min run/walk test were measured in each phase using appropriate tests and equipment.

Statistical Analysis Used:

The data were analyzed using repeated measures ANOVA at a 0.05 level of significance with SPSS 20.

Results:

The results of the study showed a significant difference in the vital capacity during the luteal phase, while no significant difference was observed in VO2 max during all the four phases. The finding for skill related components, namely, speed and endurance, also shows a significant difference in the follicular phase

Conclusions:

The study may conclude that variations in physiological parameters and skill related components are observed during the various stages of the menstrual cycle.
The experience of 100 cases of 8K/two-dimensional laparoscopic colorectal surgery – The evaluation of 8K/two-dimensional laparoscopy and how to use it
Authors: Shonaka Tatsuya , Tani Chikayoshi , Takeda Tomohiro , Otani Masahide , Ohara Mizuho , Kita Kengo , Hasegawa Kimiharu , Yokoo Hideki , Matsuno Naoto , Sumi Yasuo
Published: January 2023

Background:

The resolution of 8K ultra-high-definition imaging technology (7680 × 4320 pixels) is 16-fold higher than the current high-definition technology (1920 × 1080 pixels). 8K/two-dimensional (2D) laparoscopy was clinically available in 2014, but few reports concerning its application have been published. The aim of this study was to evaluate the appropriate methods of usage and problems learned from clinical use of 8K/2D laparoscopy.

Subjects and Methods:

The patients were 100 colorectal surgery patients who underwent 8K/2D laparoscopy at Asahikawa Medical University Hospital between November 2018 and March 2021. We evaluated the effectiveness, operating conditions, methods and issues of 8K/2D laparoscopy.

Results:

The median age was 68.5 years. The primary disease was malignancy of the left side of the colon and rectum in 92 patients. The right-sided colectomy was performed in five cases, total proctocolectomy of ulcerative colitis was performed in 3 cases. The proper application of 8K/2D laparoscopy can be achieved by adhering to certain tips, such as darkening the operation room and keeping an appropriate distance from the monitor. Regarding intraoperative complications caused by the 8K/2D laparoscope, skin burns due to heat from the tip of the laparoscope were observed in one patient. There were no cases of complications due to the 8K/2D laparoscopy.

Conclusion:

8K/2D laparoscopy can be used safely in colorectal surgery. There are still some tips for proper use, such as keeping an appropriate distance to the monitor and darkening the room. However, 8K/2D laparoscopy can provide delicate images and can be used without any operational problems.
Endoscopic totally extraperitoneal repair for groin hernia: Experience from a tertiary care centre
Authors: Khan Washim Firoz , Rathore Yashwant Singh , Aggarwal Sandeep , Chumber Sunil , Arumugaswamy Prasanna Ramana , Baig Khaja Abdul Moin , Patidar Amit , Rai Sanjeet Kumar
Published: January 2023

Background:

Totally extra-peritoneal (TEP) and transabdominal preperitoneal (TAPP) repair are two established minimal access techniques of groin hernia surgery. TEP offers the advantage of avoiding violation of the peritoneal cavity.

Aim:

This study aims to describe the decade-long experience of TEP in groin hernia repair in a tertiary care teaching institute and the feasibility of the same in difficult scenarios.

Materials and Methods:

Retrospective analysis of the database of patients undergoing TEP repair for inguinal hernia in a single surgical unit at a tertiary teaching hospital between January 2008 and December 2019 was performed. Detailed pre-operative clinical details, operative duration, intraoperative and post-operative complications, including pain, length of post-operative hospital stay and hernia recurrence data were analysed.

Results:

Over 12 years’ duration, 511 patients underwent endoscopic TEP mesh repair and the total number of hernias repaired was 614. Majority (97.45%) of patients were male. The mean age of the patient population was 51.3 years. Primary hernia was seen in 490 patients. The mean operating time for unilateral inguinal hernia repair was 56.8 ± 16 min and for bilateral repair 80.9 ± 25.2 min. TEP in previous lower abdominal/suprapubic surgical scars was attempted in 17 (3.3%) patients, with only one requiring conversion. The intraoperative peritoneal breach was the most common documented complication (34.8%). Seroma was seen in 9.4% of patients. Seventeen patients required conversion (14 TAPP and 3 open). Recurrence was seen in 4 (0.7) patients.

Conclusion:

TEP repair is an effective method of groin hernia repair and can be attempted in the majority of patients groin hernia, including patients with previous lower abdominal incisions.