bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Effectiveness of Transactional Analysis Treatments and Their Predictors: A Systematic Literature Review and Explorative Meta-Analysis
Authors: Vos Joel , van Rijn Biljana
Published: September 2022

Objectives:

Despite many studies on transactional analysis (TA) psychotherapy, there are no comprehensive reviews or meta-analyses on its effectiveness. We conducted a systematic literature review and meta-analysis on TA psychotherapeutic treatments to examine the extent of psychological and psychosocial change in pre-post studies, the effects compared with other treatments in randomized clinical trials, and factors explaining these effects and differences.

Method:

We conducted a systematic literature review and meta-analysis according to Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies in Epidemiolog (MOOSE) and Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines in Pubmed, Medline, PsycInfo, Web-of-Knowledge, and scholar.google.com .

Results:

Overall, 41 clinical trials of TA treatments had moderate to large effects on psychopathology (Hedges’s g = .66), social functioning ( g = .62), self-efficacy ( g = .80), ego-state functioning ( g = .69), well-being ( g = .33), and behavior ( g = .56). Compared with control conditions, TA had moderate to large effects on psychopathology ( g = .61), social functioning ( g = .69), self-efficacy ( g = .88), ego-states ( g = .70), well-being ( g = .85), and behavior ( g = .46). TA was more effective on most outcomes in individuals, groups, and families than in schools or prisons. Psychopathology changes were significantly predicted by improvements in ego-states, self-efficacy, social functioning, and client–practitioner relationship ( r² range = .27–.43). Treatments were more effective if they included systematic assessment, treatment stages, psycho-education, TA-unique techniques, and an experiential focus ( r² range = .03–.31).

Conclusions:

TA may be considered an effective treatment for many clients.
Don’t Abbreviate: An Experimental Comparison of the U.S. State Display Designs Commonly Used in Surveys and Forms
Authors: Nichols Elizabeth , Olmsted-Hawala Erica , Feuer Shelley , Wang Lin
Published: September 2022

Forms and surveys often require address information, including state. State data entry fields in online forms typically use a dropdown where the user selects one state from the list. A review of online forms shows a variety of state lists used, with some including the state name fully spelled out while others use the state abbreviation, and still others use a combination of the two, like MD-Maryland. Through a series of three independent experiments, we investigate usability of state list designs as measured by time-on-task, accuracy of answers, or user preference. Results indicate that participants have difficulty with state abbreviations alone. That design results in longer time-on-task, and lower accuracy and preference, particularly for states where the user does not live. We did not find any significant difference in usability for full state names compared to the abbreviation and state name combination in a dropdown design.
Aliens and Strangers: Exploring the “Other” in a Team-Taught Science Fiction Course
Authors: Bloch Katrina Rebecca , Neaderhiser Stephen E.
Published: September 2022

While prior research has illustrated the strengths of collaborative teaching between sociology and English, less has examined the potential of cross-listed courses, instead largely focusing on how to bring writing instruction into the sociology classroom. Similarly, other work has explored the possible uses of literary examples within sociology lessons. We argue that a fully collaborative teaching model capitalizing on strengths from both sociology and English studies can be beneficial not only for students but also coteachers. Drawing from autoethnographic approaches, we reflect on our experience teaching a cross-listed sociology and English course in science fiction literature as well as the sociopolitical landscape that motivated our pedagogical decisions. We discuss our rationale for choosing the theme of the “alien” as “other” and the importance of low-stakes writing assignments. We offer practical ideas for integrating science fiction into sociology classes and provide insights for anyone thinking about cross-listed classes on any topic.
Reimagining Black Conservatism: The Invisible Black Community and the Forgotten War on “Black-on-Black Crime” during the Post–World War II Urban Crisis (1970s-1980s)
Authors: Rose Chanelle
Published: September 2022

This article examines how the post–World War II urban crisis of “Black-on-Black crime” provides a case study for understanding the nuances of modern Black conservatism during the 1970s. It complicates how Black conservatism is commonly understood through a Republican lens by looking at mostly working- and middle-class Democrats in urban communities who remained loyal to the party while adopting conservative views about crime in their neighborhoods. Against the backdrop of civil rights and Black Power militancy, an invisible Black community of anticrime advocates adopted socially conservative views on crime that addressed their racialized, gendered, and socioeconomic experiences in postwar Black America. Their political ideology broadens the definition of Black conservatism to include race, gender, class, and local issues—especially crime—demonstrating its saliency among a wider swathe of the community that extends beyond Black Republicans or self-described conservatives.
Facial Paresis After Mandibular Reconstruction
Authors: Raskin Jonathan , Nasrollahi Tasha , Borrelli Michela , Birkeland Andrew
Published: September 2022

Condylar neck fractures are common injuries that occur in the facial and mandibular regions. The proximity of this area to the vital neurovasculature creates the increased importance of proper surgical intervention to limit damage to the underlying structures. Here, we report a case of a condylar neck fracture that resulted in temporary paresis of the facial nerve. In addition, a review of the literature regarding condylar fracture treatment and its complications was conducted.
Efficacy of Topical Azelastine and Fluticasone Dipropionate Combination in Children With Adenoid Hypertrophy
Authors: Bilgili Ahmet Mert , Durmaz Hacı Ömer , Dilber Muhammed
Published: September 2022

Objective

Adenoid hypertrophy (AH) is one of the common childhood diseases. Surgical and non-surgical treatment of AH in children is planned according to the severity of symptoms and associated complications. In recent years, treatment methods with intranasal sprays have been reported quite frequently in uncomplicated cases. We aim to evaluate the effectiveness of a new combination of azelastine – fluticasone (AZE-FLU) (137mcg azelastine and 50mcg fluticasone) nasal spray in children with uncomplicated AH.

Methods

Sixty-five children diagnosed with AH were included in the study. The mean age of the children was 7.42 ± 2.26 (4–13 years). The cohort consisted of 29 males and 36 females. All children were evaluated clinically and endoscopically. AZE-FLU nasal spray was applied to both nostrils twice a day for three months. Adenoid/choana ratio and symptom scores were evaluated before treatment and at the end of the 12th week.

Results

At the end of 24 weeks of AZE-FLU application, there was a statistically significant decrease in both adenoid/choana ratio and symptom scores. While the initial adenoid/choana (A/C) score was 3.57 ± 0.58, it decreased to 1.74 ± 0.61 following treatment. A dramatic decrease in total symptom scores was observed. The total symptom score average was 15.63 ± 1.28 before treatment, while it was 2.31 ± 1.4 after the treatment with the difference being statistically significant ( P < .01).

Conclusion

In this study, the effectiveness of AZE-FLU nasal spray on AH was investigated for the first time. This treatment provides an effective alternative to the surgical approach in children with uncomplicated adenoid hypertrophy. Using this protocol, 96% of patients were removed from the surgery list.

Level of Evidence

is IV
Delayed Horner’s Syndrome After Multiple Penetrating Stab Injury of the Neck
Authors: Ryu Somi , Won Seongjun , Lee Sang Yun , Park Jung Je
Published: September 2022

Horner’s syndrome is characterized by a triad of symptoms (ipsilateral miosis, ptosis, and anhidrosis) with damage of the sympathetic nervous system. The condition may be congenital or acquired from traumatic conditions including cardiovascular surgery. Horner’s syndrome can be also caused by neck trauma especially when cervical vital structures such as blood vessels, the aerodigestive tract, and nerves are disrupted. This report describes a 16-year-old woman with delayed Horner’s syndrome who initially presented with internal jugular vein injury caused by multiple penetrating stab injury to the neck. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first reported case of Horner’s syndrome resulting from neck trauma of which symptoms were presented after a couple of weeks after initial trauma. Understanding this rare clinical course may help surgeons pay attention to not only early hospital course but also long-term complications of patients with neck trauma.
Inclusion of Digital Literacy Skills in Transition Planning for Students With Intellectual Disabilities
Authors: Baxter Abigail , Reeves Linda M.
Published: September 2022

Inclusive post-secondary education (PSE) for students with intellectual disabilities (IDs) is becoming increasingly common in colleges and universities. A majority of these inclusive PSE programs focus on academic enrichment, socialization, independent living skills, integrated work experiences, and career skills. Thus, in inclusive PSE programs, it is important for students with ID to be able to use technology for academic, employment, independent living, and communication functions. It is also beneficial if these students are able to use different technology devices (e.g., computers, smart phones, and tablets) for multiple purposes in order to complete academic, social, recreational, and vocational tasks. Although students with ID can be taught these skills in college, students who begin PSE programs already having these technology skills are better prepared for college and adulthood. Including digital literacy skills, technology strategies, and assistive technology use and application goals in Individualized Education Program (IEP) transition plans may be very helpful in preparing high school students for multiple adult outcomes. This paper describes some of the assistive technology and digital literacy skills, strategies, tools, and goals that secondary level special education teachers should include in students’ IEPs and transition plans. It also suggests how special education teachers can teach these technology skills.
The effect of motor imagery and action observation in the rehabilitation of lower limb injuries: A scoping review
Authors: Nanbancha Ampika , Mawhinney Chistopher , Sinsurin Komsak
Published: September 2022

Objective

To synthesize research literature, which has investigated the application of motor imagery and action observation in rehabilitation protocols. Specifically, we aimed to review the implementation of motor imagery and action observation in the rehabilitation of lower limb injuries.

Methods

This scoping review followed Arksey and O’Malley's framework and the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension guidelines for scoping reviews checklist. The Medline (PubMed), Cochrane Library, Scopus, and Web of Science databases were searched for controlled clinical trials published between 2010 and 2021 using key search terms. Primary articles were screened for inclusion based upon applying motor imagery and action observation as a rehabilitation protocol (independently or in combination) after sustaining an injury or undergoing surgery. Data were charted by extracting the exercise duration, frequency, and the number of weeks from the rehabilitative intervention protocols, and the measured clinical outcomes (pain, range of motion, muscle activity, and functional outcomes).

Results

The initial database search resulted in 1367 articles, with 1352 excluded after screening, resulting in a total of 15 articles eligible for inclusion in the review. Six of the included articles included an action observation intervention, eight studies a motor imagery intervention, and a single study included combined motor imagery and action observation approach. The motor imagery and action observation techniques were able to improve clinical outcomes, including daily activity, functional movement, rage of motion, pain, and muscle strength.

Conclusion

Motor imagery and action observation interventions may be effective to improve rehabilitative outcomes of lower limb injuries, thus its application should be considered alongside standard treatment protocols.
The 677C > T variant in methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase causes morphological and functional cerebrovascular deficits in mice
Authors: Reagan Alaina M , Christensen Karen E , Graham Leah C , Bedwell Amanda A , Eldridge Kierra , Speedy Rachael , Figueiredo Lucas L , Persohn Scott C , Bottiglieri Teodoro , Nho Kwangsik , Sasner Michael , Territo Paul R , Rozen Rima , Howell Gareth R
Published: September 2022

Vascular contributions to cognitive impairment and dementia (VCID) particularly Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias (ADRDs) are increasing; however, mechanisms driving cerebrovascular decline are poorly understood. Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) is a critical enzyme in the folate and methionine cycles. Variants in MTHFR, notably 677 C  > T, are associated with dementias, but no mouse model existed to identify mechanisms by which MTHFR677C > T increases risk. Therefore, MODEL-AD created a novel knock-in (KI) strain carrying the Mthfr677C > T allele on the C57BL/6J background ( Mthfr677C > T) to characterize morphology and function perturbed by the variant. Consistent with human clinical data, Mthfr677C > T mice have reduced enzyme activity in the liver and elevated plasma homocysteine levels. MTHFR enzyme activity is also reduced in the Mthfr677C > T brain. Mice showed reduced tissue perfusion in numerous brain regions by PET/CT as well as significantly reduced vascular density, pericyte number and increased GFAP-expressing astrocytes in frontal cortex. Electron microscopy revealed cerebrovascular damage including endothelial and pericyte apoptosis, reduced luminal size, and increased astrocyte and microglial presence in the microenvironment. Collectively, these data support a mechanism by which variations in MTHFR perturb cerebrovascular health laying the foundation to incorporate our new Mthfr677C > T mouse model in studies examining genetic susceptibility for cerebrovascular dysfunction in ADRDs.
The Solomonic Temple of Josephus’ Antiquities
Authors: Pena Joabson X
Published: September 2022

This introductory article aims to explicate certain aspects of Josephus’ recounting of the biblical story of the Solomonic Temple’s construction, attempting to understand the messages the author wanted to convey to his Roman audience and how the audience may have comprehended them. I will show that Josephus weaves a compelling story by making changes and adding details to the biblical account to further his intention to convince his readership of the antiquity of the Jerusalem Temple. He presents the opulence of the building, with its sumptuous furnishings and personnel designed to draw attention to the greatness of the Judean God and his worldwide dominion. Josephus also underlines the centrality and relevance of the Temple, not only for Judeans but for all nations, hoping thereby to generate sympathy in the Roman readers for the idea that the now-destroyed Temple should be rebuilt.
The Passover as inauguration of Israel’s departure from Sinai: interpretive potential of analysing narrative technique for discerning literary structure in Numbers 1–10
Authors: van der Wielen Sjoerd H
Published: September 2022

Providing a rationale for the composition of Numbers 1–10 continues to pose a formidable challenge to Old Testament scholarship. Most studies in Numbers seek to discern its structure by connecting keywords to concepts, moving immediately from a basic verbal to a high conceptual level of literary structure. With attention to narrative technique, the present study analyses an intermediate level by investigating the demarcation of direct speech, recurring chronological indicators and the dynamic between law and narrative. Accordingly, correspondence of patterns on different levels of literary structure suggests a main break in Numbers 1–10. The Passover command in Numbers 9 inaugurates Israel’s departure from Sinai. The calling and dedication of the Levites in Numbers 3 and 8 form an inclusion of direct divine speeches consisting of four triads around a central command to purify the camp. These observations offer a coherent interpretation of the included legal materials.
Variable Speed Limit Strategy With Dynamic Control Cycle Based on Predictive Control
Authors: Lu Ruicheng , Ma Minghui , Liang Shidong
Published: September 2022

In recent years, variable speed limit (VSL) strategies have proven to be an efficient control measure to mitigate traffic congestion at freeway bottlenecks. In general, the VSL change time is a constant value. However, there are certain limitations in traffic situations handled by a constant cycle VSL. Therefore, in this paper, we develop a dynamic cycle strategy of VSL based on predictive control. We first analyze the applicable situation of the dynamic control cycle and establish a probability model to determine the range of cycle selection. Then, the cell transmission model predicts the parameters of macroscopic traffic flow. Finally, an optimization algorithm is designed that is suitable for this strategy, which optimizes the cycle and speed limit options. An objective optimization function is formulated to minimize the total travel time. A sensitivity analysis is applied to compare different control strategies under a variety of road bottleneck structures by both the numerical analysis and simulation experiments. The simulation results show that the strategies and algorithms proposed in this paper can effectively reduce traffic congestion duration and enhance the service level of a freeway network.
Investigating the Use of Machine Learning Methods in Direct Ridership Models for Bus Transit
Authors: Sivakumar Nair Gopindra , Mirzaei Arash , Ruiz-Juri Natalia
Published: September 2022

This test paper develops and tests 13 direct ridership models (DRMs) for transit sketch planning the Dallas–Fort Worth region. We explore both, machine learning modeling approaches (e.g., ridge regression and random forest) and traditional statistical models (e.g., linear regression and multiplicative regression). This effort provides a detailed description of modeling workflows and of the preprocessing of input data including general transit feed specification (GTFS), employment, socio-demographic, and ridership data. We also describe metrics to compare model performance; in our experiments the ridge regression framework using a Yeo-Johnson power transformation led to the most accurate predictions with an [Formula: see text] of 0.88. The sensitivity of the DRM model to errors in the service-related predictor variables is within acceptable limits with the root mean squared error (RMSE) increasing by less than 20% for a 25% error in any one of the input predictors. Our findings suggest that DRMs can be a powerful complement to the four-step planning process, providing an alternative that is easier to maintain and run, and which may lead to more accurate ridership estimates given the limitations of transit modeling in traditional regional models. To illustrate the benefits of DRMs, this effort describes the deployment of trained models using a web-based framework which allows practitioners to obtain ridership estimates by drawing prospective routes on a map and providing a small number of service attributes as input.
Regional Intergovernmental Organization Response to COVID-19: The Impact of Neoliberalism on Bureaucratic Autonomy
Authors: Baranes Avraham Izhar , Hazen Timothy
Published: September 2022

COVID-19 is a transboundary crisis that crosses political boundaries and affects critical infrastructure. Given the ongoing nature of COVID-19, it is vital to recognize the factors that impact an organization’s ability to respond to crises. In this article, we use the concept of bureaucratic autonomy discussed by Bauer and Ege (2016) to examine the response of four regional intergovernmental organizations. We find here that neoliberalism as a dominating global ideology has transformed the autonomy of action dimension into autonomy of finance, with the focus on enabling private firms through adjusting incentive structures, rather than taking direct action. Organizations that lack this autonomy become the benefactors of other dominant neoliberal financing institutions, thus furthering the entrenchment of neoliberalism and neoliberal finance.

JEL Classification: F53, F55, P16
Walking That Fine Line: Doulas as Overseers of Evidence-based Practice
Authors: Henley Megan M.
Published: September 2022

Doulas provide individualized support during labor and childbirth. Research has consistently shown that having doulas support increases positive physical and psychological outcomes. Professional medical organizations have begun to recognize the evidence showing the positive effects of doula support. Even though professional organizations recommend doulas to reduce non-medically indicated treatments such as overuse of cesarean delivery, many practitioners uphold their authority to intervene as they see necessary. I utilize interviews with 25 doulas to explore how doulas use scientific evidence to ensure that women receive appropriate care. Results indicate that doulas do not think that many obstetricians follow evidence-based practices; doulas feel compelled to serve as overseers who remind medical staff about the clinical guidelines. In addition, doulas use evidence to prepare mothers to confront providers. I argue that while doulas can help close gaps, obstetric medicine needs to implement evidence-based strategies more systemically to improve care for all women.
Dead Reckoning: A Framework for Analyzing Positionality Statements in Ethnographic Research Reporting
Authors: Sybing Roehl
Published: September 2022

As essential as positionality is to qualitative research involving engagement with research participants, contemporary scholarly discussion of positionality is mainly aimed at educating emerging researchers about acknowledging their own subjectivities. In turn, there is little consensus regarding how authors should address positionality in writing for research publication. Emphasizing the importance of written positionality as a component of research transparency, this article proposes a framework for positionality in ethnographic research writing. The author collected 59 ethnographies published in peer-reviewed academic journals to study the extent to which researcher positionality is established or can be inferred through the writing of research. The analysis identifies a series of considerations for research writing such as the form of writing, sociocultural identities, relationships with research participants, and the resulting implications. The author proposes this framework as a guide for qualitative researchers who benefit from explicitly situating themselves in the research process through their writing.
Deep Brain Stimulation for Pediatric Dystonia: A Review of the Literature and Suggested Programming Algorithm
Authors: Gelineau-Morel Rose , Kruer Michael C. , Garris Jordan F. , Abu Libdeh Amal , Barbosa Daniel A. N. , Coffman Keith A. , Moon David , Barton Christopher , Zea Vera Alonso , Bruce Adrienne B. , Larsh Travis , Wu Steve W. , Gilbert Donald L. , O’Malley Jennifer A.
Published: September 2022

Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is an established intervention for use in pediatric movement disorders, especially dystonia. Although multiple publications have provided guidelines for deep brain stimulation patient selection and programming in adults, there are no evidence-based or consensus statements published for pediatrics. The result is lack of standardized care and underutilization of this effective treatment. To this end, we assembled a focus group of 13 pediatric movement disorder specialists and 1 neurosurgeon experienced in pediatric deep brain stimulation to review recent literature and current practices and propose a standardized approach to candidate selection, implantation target site selection, and programming algorithms. For pediatric dystonia, we provide algorithms for (1) programming for initial session and follow-up sessions, and (2) troubleshooting side effects encountered during programming. We discuss common side effects, how they present, and recommendations for management. This topical review serves as a resource for movement disorders specialists interested in using deep brain stimulation for pediatric dystonia.
The Impact of Poverty on Partner Violence Against Women Under Regional Effects: The Case of Turkey
Authors: Eralp Anil , Gokmen Sahika
Published: September 2022

Violence against women has been the subject of scientific literature in many fields and poverty has been one of the most important companions in this field. It can be found lots of empirical studies about violence against women for countries as Turkey too. However, regional considerations relating to people’s socioeconomic condition have not been considered in these investigations although it has been indicated that these factors are important in terms of violence against women. Therefore, the main motivation of this study to investigate the impact of poverty on partner violence against women under the regional impacts in Turkey. The multinomial logit analysis preferred since the violence against women considered under three groups which are physical, sexual violence, and never experienced. The dataset received from the Survey on Domestic Violence Against Women in Turkey which was performed by Turkish Statistical Institute (TURKSTAT). This survey is performed in both 2008 and 2014 years. For this study, the 2008 data is chosen as it carries the information of “having a green card” which is a formal demonstration of being poor. Also, NUTS 2 (Nomenclature of territorial units for statistics) regions for Turkey are considered during the analysis. Based on the general results, the poverty status and regional effects of women, showed quite different results in terms of physical and sexual violence types. The poverty has a positive effect only on physical violence, not on sexual violence. Further, all regions have an important role on physical violence, while only less developed regions have a dominant impact on sexual violence. Also, the findings show that the intimate partners’ bad habits make women more vulnerable to violence. According to the results, it can be suggested that developing policies based on regional effects and types of violence would be more effective.
Enabling students to become co-makers of emergent curricula through authentic and collaborative learning
Authors: Saito Eisuke , Fatemi Ghazalossadat
Published: September 2022

A curriculum is supposed to be something that the teachers and authorities would construct. Recently, more studies have focused on student contributions to curriculum development. These studies largely framed listening to student voices in the planning processes. However, actual voices can be heard in the process of running classes, and such needs also help the teachers realign, redesign, and redevelop curricula improvisationally. This is also a ‘co-curriculum’ by listening to the voices of students who stumble. This essay aims to conceptually discuss the possibility of recognising students’ stumbles during the classes as seeds for improvisational curriculum development and design, positioning the students as curriculum co-makers with their teachers. Such attempts require a climate where the right of every student to learn is recognised and valued, and it depends on school leadership and management to highlight the importance that the learning opportunities are provided to every student.
Efficiency analysis and heating structure design of high power electromagnetic thermal energy storage system
Authors: Yin Xiaoju , Lu Shiyu , Wang Yuxin , Wang Dapeng
Published: September 2022

Based on the principle of electromagnetic induction, this paper proposes a new sleeve structure of electromagnetic induction heating energy storage system, which converts the electrical energy that cannot be consumed by wind power, solar power and other power grids into heat energy. The electromagnetic induction heating model of the eddy current field is established by Ansoft/Maxwell, and the magnetic induction intensity, current penetration depth and current frequency are analyzed. The three-dimensional fluid temperature field and its corresponding temperature characteristics of the system are analyzed by Ansys/Fluent. The temperature field cloud diagram of the sleeve is analyzed. It is concluded that with the increase of air thickness, the loss of the internal iron pipe increases, and the loss of the middle iron pipe decreases. The characteristic curve of the resonant circuit of the electromagnetic induction heating power supply is simulated and analyzed to determine the optimal parameters of the resonant circuit of the induction heating. A 100 kW electromagnetic energy storage system is developed, and the effectiveness and practicability of the method are verified, which can be applied to high power thermal energy storage.
Framing collective violence as war time: Temporality, circulation, resistance
Authors: McIntosh Christopher
Published: September 2022

Writing on the US war on terrorism, Judith Butler identified how discursive frames are produced and reproduced in ways that make certain forms of violence discernable as war. These frames that make war an intelligible form of political violence are not only spatial, but irreducibly temporal in nature. Their circulation–e.g., the framing of US counter-terror efforts as ‘war’ – enables some lives to be understood as grievable, while others lack political and normative value. These frames not only determine what is and is not a war, but whose deaths represent an unremarkable facet of peacetime. This article explores one instance where the circulation of these frames had the potential for rupture – the 2016 shooting at the Pulse nightclub in Orlando. First, it use the event’s liminal status as a ‘terrorist attack’ to make visible the frame(s) operating in the contemporary US political present to render certain acts of violence intelligible as political violence, terrorism, or war. Second, it explores the temporal dimension of these frames, showing how they function together within national security narratives to authorize certain forms of violence as exceptional. This article concludes by exploring the potential for ‘timing’ this violence differently as a means of political resistance.
Estimation of remaining fatigue life with an energy-based model considering the effects of loading sequence and load interaction
Authors: Gan Lei , Wu Hao , Zhong Zheng
Published: September 2022

Accurate estimation of remaining fatigue life is crucial to assess the structural durability and reliability of engineering components. For this purpose, an energy-based model is proposed in this paper for modeling the process of fatigue damage accumulation under multistep loading. To account for the effects of loading sequence and load interaction, two parameters, a concept of normalized fatigue driving energy (NFDE) and a load interaction factor, are introduced in the model. The former is based on variable energy-life curves and the latter is formulized as an exponential function of the loading intensity ratio and the number of loading cycles. The implementation procedure of such model only requires the loading information and materials’ basic fatigue properties. Moreover, extensive experimental results of six metallic materials under two-, four- and eight-step loadings with different loading sequences are employed for model comparative study. The results indicate that, compared with several existing damage models, the proposed model can provide better remaining fatigue life estimations under multistep loading.
How Does the Number of Response Options Impact the Psychometric Properties of the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale?
Authors: Donnellan M. Brent , Rakhshani Andrew
Published: September 2022

The Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale is the most frequently used measure of self-esteem in the social sciences. These items are often administered with a different number of response options, but it is unclear how the number of response options impacts the psychometric properties of this measure. Across three experiments ( Ns = 739, 2,358, and 1,461), we evaluated how different response options of the Rosenberg influenced (a) coefficient alpha estimates, (b) distributions of scores, and (c) associations with criterion-related variables. Observed coefficient alpha estimates were lowest for a 2-point format compared with response formats with more options. However, supplemental analyses using ordinal alpha pointed to similar estimates across conditions. Using four or more response options better approximated a normal distribution for observed summary scores. We found no consistent evidence that criterion-related correlations increased with more response options. Collectively, these results suggest that the Rosenberg should be administered with at least four response options and we favor a 5-point Likert-type response format.
Antireconverin antibodies in ocular chronic graft versus host disease: A new cause of nonparaneoplasic autoimmune retinopathy
Authors: Aguilar González Marina , Marín Payá Emma , García Gil Romana , Feliciano Sánchez Anselmo , Gómez-Lechón Quirós Luis , España Gregori Enrique
Published: September 2022

Introduction

A case of a 48-year-old male with a nonparaneoplasic autoinmune retinopathy (nPAIR) due to chronic graft versus host disease (GVHD) after an allogenic stem cell transplantation (ASCT) is described.

Case report

The patient developed a bilateral rapidly progressive loss of visual acuity with bilateral optic disc edema and bilateral cystoid macular edema (CME) in the funduscopy, a ring scotoma in the visual field (VF) and photoreceptors dysfunction in the electroretinogram (ERG) 210 days after the ASCT. After ruling out other causes, the suspicion of autoimmune retinopathy (AIR) led to the study of antirecoverin antibodies which resulted positive. The exclusion of neoplasia discarded diagnosis of paraneoplasic autoinmune retinopathy (PAIR) and the temporal relationship with BMT led to the diagnosis of nonparaneoplasic autoinmune retinopathy (nPAIR) due to chronic graft versus host disease (GVHD). Oral corticosteroids led to resolution of the CME.

Conclusions

Diagnosis of AIR requires a high index of suspicion based on the typical findings on visual field, optical coherence tomography (OCT) and ERG, which force requesting antirecoverin antibodies. However, diagnosis is often delayed because of the need to exclude other causes. Knowing typical symptoms and signs in for a quick action is important because an earlier diagnosis and treatment will improve visual prognosis since the loss of vision already established is irrecoverable. To our knowledge, this is the first reported case in the literature of nPAIR with CME and optic disc edema due to GVHS after ASCT.
Hmali’, rgrgyax and Gaga: a study of Tayal elders reclaiming their Indigenous identities in Taiwan
Authors: Silan Wasiq , Munkejord Mai Camilla
Published: September 2022

This article examines how older Tayal, an Indigenous people in Taiwan, regain, reclaim and renegotiate their identities by reconnecting to Hmali’ (the Tayal language), rgrgyax (mountains) and Gaga (the Tayal Law). A critical qualitative design informed by Tayal hermeneutics was used. In total, 14 bbnkis (elders) were interviewed, and the data were thematically analysed. The aim of this article is to contribute to the ongoing revitalization processes in Taiwan. Such revitalization processes often tend to reinforce the quest for authentic Indigenous identities, as if indigeneity could be reduced to a pale reproduction of how things used to be in the old days. Our findings show that indigeneity is not about returning to a fixed past. Instead, it is about writing back against the colonial framework that was imposed on the Indigenous peoples and, in that way, healing from trauma.
Turning newcomers into locals: Kinship practices and belonging in low-income neighborhoods in Finland
Authors: Junnilainen Lotta
Published: September 2022

For a long time, researchers have explored practices of kinship, but while focusing on individuals and groups, have ignored a crucial aspect of social life: place. Drawing on ethnographic fieldwork in low-income neighborhoods in Finland, this article analyzes practices of kinship as emplaced, asking what kinship in a particular urban setting does and how. Empirical data suggests that the social function of kinship practices is to make people belong to a neighborhood. The process of becoming family provides emotional and practical support but is also beneficial in previously understudied ways: For newcomers, kinship is a shortcut for becoming “a local,” whereas for established residents, kinship serves the reproduction of the historical place narrative and local moral order. As meaningful sources of respect and recognition, kinship practices connect people to families but even more to places in which they live.
Conducting racial awareness research with African American children: Unearthing their sociopolitical knowledge through Pro-Black literacy methods
Authors: Johnson Wintre Foxworth
Published: September 2022

Black children around the globe develop and learn in persistently racist environments. Decades of early racial awareness research primarily center on the development of young children’s self-esteem, racial biases, or friendships. Researchers have yet to learn all that can be understood about young children’s perspectives on structural racial inequities. There is a dearth of research that examines young African American children’s emergent sociopolitical consciousness. As such, this article explores the following inquiry: What research conditions make it possible to elicit young African American children’s racialized sociopolitical awareness and knowledge? Over the course of one school year, I studied five African American first graders’ literacies, racial awareness, and sociopolitical knowledge who were enrolled in an independent neighborhood elementary school. Through a synthesis of my methodology, I detail three foundational orientations: (a) privileging intraracial spaces as contexts for narrating and grappling with racialized, sociopolitical realities, (b) utilizing children’s literature by and about Black people with critically conscious narratives, and (c) operating from the belief that young children are competent to speak about the racialized conditions in which they live. This research demonstrates the possibilities of Pro-Black research at the intersection of racial awareness and sociocultural literacy studies. To combat anti-Blackness in education research and in schools, we need to hear the voices of African American children and carve out spaces that center Blackness for them to express racial sociopolitical truths. Conducting early racial awareness research about and with young African American children requires that we believe they possess the developmental capacity to name and resist inequity and imagine the possibilities of racial justice.
‘Clap for “some” carers’: Problematizing heroism and ableist tenets of heroic discourse through the experiences of parent-carers
Authors: Higgins Leighanne , O’Leary Killian
Published: September 2022

Marketing scholarship has commonly demonstrated how consumers assemble heroic identities as a means to facilitate forms of empowerment and emancipatory consumption. Although some insight into more troubling aspects of heroic discourses has been shared, prioritisation of the positive potentialities of heroism remain privileged. We invoke social heroism as an interpretive lens to study the lived experiences of parent-carer’s to children with impairments, employing paradoxes of heroism as heuristics to explore how heroic discourses disempower parent-carers. We find that parent-carers do not identify with the heroism surrounding care. Instead, they view themselves as unessential due to the ableist tenets that underlie heroic discourses. We uncover three problematizing and subtle practices of ableism; purification, micro-aggressions and responsibilized-commoditization. Such insight, (i) advances marketing theory’s understanding of the socio-political structuring of heroism, (ii) advances discourse on consumer vulnerabilities and ableism and (iii) begins to meet the calls for research into care politics and justice.
Volume, scope, and consideration of ethical issues in Indigenous cognitive impairment and dementia research: A systematic scoping review of studies published between 2000-2021
Authors: Bryant Jamie , Freund Megan , Ries Nola , Garvey Gail , McGhie Alexandra , Zucca Alison , Hoberg Hana , Passey Megan , Sanson-Fisher Rob
Published: September 2022

Introduction

High quality research involving Indigenous people with cognitive impairment and dementia is critical for informing evidence-based policy and practice. We examined the volume, scope and ethical considerations of research related to dementia with Indigenous populations globally from January 2000–December 2021.

Methods

Studies were included if they were published in English from 2000 to 2021 and provided original data that focused on cognitive impairment or dementia in any Indigenous population.

Results

The search yielded 13,009 papers of which, 76 met inclusion criteria. The overall number of papers increased over time. Studies were mostly conducted in Australia with Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people (n = 30; 39%). Twenty-six papers directly involved Indigenous participants with cognitive impairment or dementia. Of these studies, ethics approval was commonly required from two or more committees (n = 23, 88.5%). Ethical and legal governance frameworks were rarely discussed.

Discussion

There is a clear need for further robust studies examining cognitive impairment and dementia with Indigenous populations. Future research should consider the ethical aspects of involving Indigenous participants with cognitive impairment in research.
Computational generation of a spatial layout through syntactical evaluation and multi-objective evolutionary optimization
Authors: Cicek Selen , Turhan Gozde Damla
Published: September 2022

The space layout problem encompasses challenges that rely on a diverse range of contexts regarding urban planning and architectural design, during the traditional design phases which require immense effort and time for the evaluation of the spatial elements’ characteristic needs. In order to eliminate the burden of considering all multidimensional design aspects at the same time, this research presents a three-bodied computational method for locating the spaces of the given architectural design program in a project site, according to the defined list of design objectives and criteria. Besides the determination of the layout according to the requirements of the spatial elements, this research proposes an integration of the space syntax theory’s analytical compounds in terms of Justified Graph Analysis and Integration Values as the fitness criteria for the multi-objective evolutionary optimization in the computational model. To satisfy the integrity levels of each various characterized element within site organization, that are implied inherently by the architectural design program and generate a sustainable space network layout for the project site.
Defining computer science teacher qualification pathways
Authors: Ottenbreit-Leftwich Anne T , Childs Joshua , Fletcher Carol , Kim Jiyoung , Edwards Kendra Montejos , Hendrickson Katie
Published: September 2022

While there has been an increased interest in making computer science a core K-12 academic subject in the United States, there is a shortage of K-12 teachers who can teach computer science. Experts in computer science education have expressed the importance of establishing clear expectations for who should be able to teach CS. To enhance the quality of computer science teachers, clear and consistent preparation and certification pathways are needed for teachers to implement computer science education. This study extends on prior work by creating a consistent framework of definitions for talking about and comparing CS teacher qualification pathways policies across states. We summarized the current landscape of the CS teacher pathways for all 50 states as of 2020. Nineteen states had an initial certification program, 42 states had an add-on license, and 24 states had an authorization pathway. There were five states that did not have any computer science teacher qualification pathways policy: Delaware, Maine, New Jersey, New Mexico, and Oregon. We discuss the policy implications and recommendations for future research around CS teacher qualification pathways.
Identifying Root Causes: Evaluation of a Program to Engage Youth in a Social Justice Approach to Tobacco Control
Authors: Kennedy Heather , Trujillo Miguel , Ryan Amy , Cooley Daiszha , Martinez Daniel , McNair Bryan , Hunt Cerise
Published: September 2022

Movements designed to engage youth in tobacco control have been an important part of tobacco prevention for decades. Today, young people are increasingly diverse, and their primary issues of concern are gun control, racism, mental health, and climate change. To engage today’s young people, tobacco control programs need to draw connections between youth’s identities, top issues, and tobacco. UpRISE is a social justice youth tobacco control movement that engages diverse youth in identifying the root causes of youth nicotine use. In 2018–2019, 21 youth-serving organizations and schools hosted youth coalitions. Coalitions engaged in a six-session workbook called “Getting to the root cause,” and adults were provided training and reflective supervision. Pre/post surveys with youth participants (n = 180) and end-of-year interviews with adult facilitators (n = 22) were used to assess outcomes. The primary outcomes were supportive adult relationships, youth voice in decision-making, anti-tobacco industry attitudes and beliefs, psychological empowerment, critical consciousness, and global belief in a just world. Quantitative measures of supportive adult relationships, youth voice in decision-making, psychological empowerment, and anti-tobacco industry attitudes and beliefs all increased significantly over time (p < .0001, p < .0001, p < .0001, p = .0034, respectively). Critical consciousness and global belief in a just world did not change significantly. During interviews, adults reported learning how: to engage in youth–adult partnerships, the tobacco industry abused its power, to engage in critical reflection about power. Adults also felt empowered. UpRISE may be a promising approach to increase racially diverse youth’s engagement in social justice-oriented tobacco control efforts that advance equity.