bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
El ritual funerario en las necrópolis ibéricas a partir de nuevas aproximaciones metodológicas: Les Esquarterades (Ulldecona, Tarragona)
Authors: Belarte Maria Carme , Noguera Jaume , Bertral Anna , Armentano Núria , Tomàs-Gimeno Xavier , Prada José Luís , Euba Itxaso , Sala Roger , Mercè Bergadà M. , Jimeno David , López Daniel
Published: June 2022

Se presentan los resultados de la excavación y estudio de la necrópolis ibérica de Les Esquarterades (Ulldecona, Tarragona) y la reconstrucción del ritual funerario del período Ibérico Antiguo a partir de los mismos. Este yacimiento se sitúa en una zona donde existen datos relativamente abundantes sobre el mundo funerario, incluyendo varias necrópolis excavadas entre los ríos Ebro y Mijares. Sin embargo, la mayoría de estas investigaciones se realizó entre las décadas de 1960 y 1970, con importantes carencias metodológicas, entre las que destaca la total ausencia de estudios antropológicos. Esta necrópolis se ha estudiado mediante una metodología renovada, con elevado carácter interdisciplinar. Esto ha permitido recuperar información de calidad sobre aspectos hasta ahora poco conocidos para el período y la zona, como la caracterización antropológica de la población enterrada, los ustrina o la identificación de banquetes funerarios o libaciones en el momento de realizar los depósitos funerarios.
El monumento fundacional de la plataforma inferior de Giribaile (Jaén). Espacio ideológico de arquitectura social y representativa
Authors: Alejo Armijo María , Gutiérrez Soler Luis María , Prados Martínez Fernando , Ortiz Villarejo Antonio Jesús , Alejo Sáez José Antonio
Published: June 2022

Cumplidos veinte años desde la publicación del monumento funerario de Giribaile, se aportan datos de excavación para revisar su entidad y relevancia histórica. La nueva intervención ha documentado los cimientos de una construcción monumental y restos de otras estructuras, entre ellas parte de una cenefa de guijarros, característica de las necrópolis de Cástulo. También se incluye la catalogación del conjunto más relevante de fragmentos de cerámica ática y barnices negros que ha proporcionado hasta el momento el asentamiento. El estudio se completa con el análisis del escaneo tridimensional sobre los elementos arquitectónicos dispersos en la zona, que ha posibilitado la realización de una propuesta de restitución volumétrica. Este monumento se convierte en el elemento central de un espacio ideológico de legitimación del poder político y se muestra como un hito destacado en el paisaje que entronca con la tradición púnica y también ibérica del cenotafio. Esta nueva aportación reabre el debate sobre el peso de la cultura cartaginesa en el pago de Cástulo.
Algal Life Cycle Analysis and Its Contribution to the Circular Economy
Authors: Zohir Wafaa Fathi , Kapase Vikas U. , Nawkarkar Prachi , Kumar Shashi
Published: June 2022

Microalgae are a diverse group of microscopic and highly efficient photosynthetic organisms with rapid growth that contains a wide range of biochemical components such as pigments, lipids, carbohydrates, and proteins, making them a viable feedstock for various commercial applications in biofuel production, nutraceutical, pharmaceutical, and environmental sectors. Life-cycle assessment (LCA) is one of the most appealing and attractive tools used nowadays by the scientific and decision-makers communities to ensure environmentally sustainable production/consumption of various products. It is a systematic and standardized methodology that has turned into a crucial communication tool for the projects, the target markets, and the general public. Recently, LCA has been applied to quantify algal biofuels' environmental sustainability. As a result, the importance of algal life cycle analysis, its consequences, and contribution to the circular economy will be discussed in this chapter in terms of developing industrial applications.
A Sustainable Supply Chain Model for the Development of Green Fuel Production From Microalgae
Authors: Norouzi Nima
Published: June 2022

This study presents designing and managing a green fuel supply chain based on algae to investigate the development of such fuels in the country. On this basis, a definitive model is first developed to model all the activities of the green fuel supply chain, which includes the supply of raw materials for the growth of algae, the cultivation of algae and their conversion into fuel, and finally, the supply of fuel in the country. This deterministic model is extended to a robust network model to secure supply chain decisions against uncertainty. Using the proposed model for the development of algal fuels in Iran shows that the green fuel production cost is currently 27 cents/liter. The current cost of producing fuel from algae cannot compete with fossil fuels, but this cost can be greatly reduced in the future by slightly increasing the growth rate of algae and their oil content.
Algal Nanobiotechnology and Its Applications
Authors: Alprol Ahmed E.
Published: June 2022

Nanotechnology has been a catchphrase in recent years. Its expansion into a new field has been phenomenal. Because of their various shapes and sizes, nanoparticles differ from their conventional material. They have a larger surface area, which is necessary for many chemical methods. One of the possible solutions to the above-mentioned limitations is algae-mediated nanoparticle production. This chapter focuses on the use of algae to synthesis nanoparticles and the possible benefits of this technology over traditional methods. The creation of nanoparticles by cyanobacteria, microalgae, and macroalgae is taken into account. Metal nanoparticles derived from algae, such as gold, silver, and iron, have a wide range of applications in environmental pollution treatment, such as heavy metal removal, organic dye degradation, and antimicrobial agents, and examples of major biomedical applications of these algal-derived NPs are presented, among many others.
Emotion Regulation in Early Years
Authors: Yurdakul Yeşim , Beyazıt Utku , Bütün Ayhan Aynur
Published: June 2022

Supporting the development of emotion regulation skills in children is considered important in terms of supporting the psychological, emotional, and social development of children and healthy social and psychological functionality in adulthood. In this context, basic concepts related to emotion regulation, factors affecting emotion regulation in childhood, development process of emotion regulation skills, social and psychological consequences of emotion regulation in children, and supporting emotion regulation in childhood will be discussed.
Academic Library Innovation Through a Business Model Canvas Lens
Authors: Teffo Mmaphuti Carron , Motjolopane Ignitia , Masenya Tlou Maggie
Published: June 2022

Academic libraries need to play a central role in providing user-centred services and enhancing users' quality of experience through digital innovation in the era of digital transformation. In the process of digital transformation, the businesses are transformed whereby new emerging approaches, best business practices, and new business models such as Business Model Canvas, are developed to support digital libraries innovations. Digital libraries are at the core of achieving higher education strategic priorities and critical pillars that include teaching and learning, research, and community engagement in an environment undergoing rapid digitalization. The Business Model Canvas thus offers digital libraries a lens through which to design innovative digital services to support the critical pillars of South African higher education institutions. This chapter explores the value of the Business Model Canvas in supporting creative digital services to internal patrons such as students, academics, researchers, and external patrons such as policymakers and industries.
Adoption of Institutional Repositories Towards Realization of Digital Libraries
Authors: Tapfuma Mass Masona , Hoskins Ruth Geraldine
Published: June 2022

Dissemination of the literature is crucial in scholarship for it to meaningfully contribute to development. The establishment of the Open Archives Initiative and the BOAI transformed the scholarly communication landscape. Open access institutional repository (IR) is one innovative technology through which scholarly literature can be made freely available and accessible to the public. Academic libraries across the globe, including Africa, embraced and established IRs to enable cost-free access to their institutional research output on the internet, thus increasing its global visibility and reach while ensuring long-term preservation of the intellectual output. This chapter explores the role of open access repositories in enhancing access to information and knowledge generation in academic libraries, catalogues the success of IRs in Southern Africa, and ascertains the challenges faced by universities in Southern Africa in the establishment and management of IRs.
Blockchain-Based Banking
Authors: Qadir Fasel , Gani Gulnawaz , Jeelani Zubair
Published: June 2022

Blockchain has become the latest buzzword and hottest technology in academics and the IT industry. Blockchain is a decentralized model that maintains data growing at a rapid pace. In 2008, Satoshi Nakamoto has introduced the concept of blockchain. With the development of bitcoin, blockchain concept became popular and is now considered one of the most impactful inventions of the last decade. It has the potential applications in different areas of study such as banks, education, healthcare, internet of things, cryptography, transportation, and so on. It is considered the future of next digital transformation after mainframe computer, personal computer, smart mobiles, and social networking. The main purpose of this chapter is to introduce the concept of blockchain technology, its few important applications in banking industry, and how it can be used to transform financial institutions. Some of the most important applications of blockchain-based banking are payment systems, loans, KYC, and so on.
Images of Climate Change in Major International Photographic Competitions
Authors: Trabadela-Robles Javier
Published: June 2022

In recent years, the society has become increasingly aware of the importance of climate change. The media in general have made a decisive contribution to this. Particularly decisive has been the diffusion of images on the impacts of climate change. This chapter analyzes the images on this issue present in the latest editions of the main world photographic competitions (multiple case study), such as World Press Photo, Sony World Photography Awards, or Pulitzer Prizes, with the aim of making a visual review of the subject, as well as to try to establish a thematic typology of the images and to determine if there has been any evolution in recent times. The images found show that the subject matter is diverse and that there is a certain evolution from shocking and striking images of impacts to other more complex ones in which more elements and new themes, sometimes not so obvious, are included.
Research in the Field of Communication in Mexico
Authors: Cabrera-Gala Ramsés
Published: June 2022

Research and communication in a country with the characteristics of Mexico must be merged in a strategic planning that includes a retrospective analysis that demonstrates their joint progress, but simultaneously attends to the search of progress. Therefore, this chapter summarizes the results of communication manuscripts in Mexico from 2010 to 2020 by following the PRISMA guidelines, obtaining a final sample of 69 articles that were coded by the content analysis method. Results were categorized into areas like journalistic communication; educational and scientific communication; political and governmental communication; organizational and corporate communication; communication in social groups, minorities, and activists; and mass media communication. Then, the aim of this chapter is to present the main research areas around communication in Mexico. Likewise, the main objectives, frameworks, and findings are discussed, as well as the establishment of future research opportunities in the field of communication in Mexico.
Social Radicalization in Modern Russia and Its Impact on Human Security
Authors: Alaverdov Emilia , Ilik Goran , Ugulava Mariam
Published: June 2022

In the post-Soviet period, the North Caucasus region of modern Russia has become one of the most complex ethno-political regions of the country. The consequences of the ill-conceived cutting of territories and the delimitation of borders between the republics in the early years of Soviet power, the historical memory of the Caucasian War, deportations, exiles, repression, crisis circumstances, mass unemployment, and other socio-economic problems as a result of the severe crisis caused by the collapse of the USSR and liberal economic reforms, which in one way or another affected all neighboring republics, inter-ethnic and intra-confessional conflicts, and the struggle of ethno-clan groups for power, determines the realities of modern life of the population of the North Caucasian region at all levels, from political to domestic, affecting the social, state, and boarder security.
How Did Bashar Al-Assad Get Away With the Ghouta Chemical Attack?
Authors: Pietrzak Piotr
Published: June 2022

This publication brings to the fore several sociopolitical and legal dimensions related to the international response to the Ghouta chemical attack of August 2013 that completely redefined the way we approach the Syrian Conflict in general. This deadly chemical assault should be seen as one of the most important events that defined the way the international community (IC) has dealt with the Syrian Arab Spring, for, according to several influential accounts, the magnitude of this attack clearly transcended the inviolability of the nation-state. Yet, despite gathering compelling prima facie evidence that this attack was linked to Bashar al-Assad's loyalists, the expected full-blown military retaliation against his regime did not take place in the manner that international commentators might have expected. The Syrian regime did not face any severe consequences for its actions except for being exposed to the discomfort of temporary international sanctions that obliged the regime to relinquish its chemical weapons arsenal under international supervision.
Government Budgets and Human Rights
Authors: Avcı Mehmet
Published: June 2022

Fiscal resources, as well as legal infrastructure, are required to fulfill human rights obligations. This emphasizes the importance of fiscal perspective for realizing human rights, and it finds a soul in the budget as concepts of public expenditures and revenues. Budgets, as the government's most important fiscal plan, outline how resources will be allocated. In this regard, budgets play a vital role for the realizing of human rights. Human rights-based budgeting approach has become increasingly popular in recent years. This technique considers human rights obligations for allocating resources; hence, it assists in defining public expenditures. This study focused on human rights from a fiscal perspective and the causality relationship between public expenditures, and human rights was investigated by employing the Dumitrescu-Hurlin panel causality test for the period 1995-2017 in 26 OECD countries, based on the assumption that public expenditures are an important instrument in realizing human rights. Findings reveal a bidirectional causality between public spending and human rights.
Petroleum Industry Contingency Planning Using Auditing Theories and Inferential Statistics
Authors: Strang Kenneth David
Published: June 2022

This chapter demonstrates how to apply a novel Bayesian auditing statistical technique with a predictive probability distribution model to predict petroleum accidents. The goal was to first develop the petroleum oil spill patterns for a given population, develop a predictive distribution model, and validate that using Bayesian audit statistical techniques. Sample data were taken from a U.S.-based state and fixed interval random sampling was used to select the records for the audit. A beta distribution was generated illustrating the materiality parameters along with the misstatement results.
Supply Chain Logistics Risk Mitigation
Authors: Denga Edna Mngusughun , Rakshit Sandip
Published: June 2022

The COVID-19 pandemic has altered the business landscape for several organizations throughout the world, emphasizing the significance of being able to respond, adapt, and set up crisis management processes in an attempt to withstand uncertain situations. The necessity of supply chain resilience and risk management is more evident than previously as organizations attempt to strengthen operations and business resilience. The authors conducted an empirical investigation within the Nigerian supply chain logistics setting to evaluate and compare the uncertainties, tactics, and strategies employed by two businesses in Nigeria's northeastern region, where insurgency and banditry are rampant, exacerbated by the novel COVID-19 pandemic. The chapter provides a theoretical approach to logistics and supply chain management, delving into the fundamental business processes of the Global Supply Chain Forum (GSCF) and the role of logistics in each of the emphasized businesses.
Consequences in Acceptance and Application of Big Data Analytics in Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) in India
Authors: Potluri Rajasekhara Mouly
Published: June 2022

This chapter elucidates the consequences of accepting and applying big data analytics in the micro, small and medium enterprises (MSMEs) in India. The author delineated research by administering multiple ways to garner the reactions from middle and top-level managers working in 50 organizations from five diverse vital commercial sectors. The application of big data analytics put forward numerous substantial problems for small companies as an investment in hardware and software resources are significant. The author presented the findings based on the experimental evidence on five critical challenges faced by the Indian MSMEs in accepting and instigating big data analytics: lack of human resources, data privacy and security, shortage of technological resources, deficiency of awareness, and financial implications. This research study highlights Indian MSMEs' diverse consequences while supporting big data analytics gains. The findings will help MSME organizational leadership plan and evolve short-term and long-term information systems approach.
The Influence of Risks Associated With Organizational Factors on Women's Professional Growth During COVID-19 in the UAE
Authors: Potluri Rajasekhara Mouly , Johnson Sophia
Published: June 2022

The core objective of this chapter is to explore the risks associated with organizational factors influencing the professional growth of women in the United Arab Emirates (UAE) during the pandemic. The collected data were summarized and coded using software R Studio, and the variables were encoded and reduced using the one-hot encoding method and principal component analysis (PCA). The researchers identified that organizational and situational factors have a high degree of impact on women's professional development, which creates a significant effect of discontent over the mindset of women employees even in uncertain conditions. The study covers women employees working only in two emirates, Dubai and Sharjah. It includes telecom, banking, education, and other governmental and non-governmental organizations. This chapter is valuable to all the policymakers of the entire corporate sector and government authorities to set the right things by observing diverse organizational factors that influence women employees.
Managing Risk in Wealth Building Through Residential Real Estate Business in Canada
Authors: Rawat Mahendra Singh , Rawat Mudit Singh
Published: June 2022

Many Canadians have built their wealth through the real estate business. There are two types of real estate: commercial real estate and residential real estate. In this chapter, risks relating to only residential real estate have been discussed due to two main reasons. Firstly, residential real estate occupies an important place in the income of the household sector. Secondly, in comparison to commercial real estate, it requires a smaller capital to do the business and build wealth. Residential real estate investors build wealth by investing in investment properties and generating current income through capital appreciation. However, there are multiple risks that an investor faces in managing investment properties. This chapter discusses how some risks can be averted before and after buying an investment property. The chapter points out that the essential part of the business is to buy the right property at the right place and at the right time.
From the Risk Society to COVID-19
Authors: Korstanje Maximiliano Emanuel
Published: June 2022

Ulrich Beck, a German sociologist who does not need prior presentation, cast his diagnosis of risk society as a new emerging ethos where social class and hierarchies blurred before the figure of risk. Although he shed light on the post-industrial society of the 1990s, today, the society he studied seems pretty different. Hence, a new fresh insight should be placed. This chapter introduces readers to the conceptual foundations of Thana Capitalism, as it was critically debated in the author's book The Rise of Thana Capitalism and Tourism. The risk society sets the pace for a new facet of capitalism where the other´s pain remains the main commodity to exchange. Far from being a more egalitarian society, as Beck said, in the days of Thana capitalism, a ruling elite governs the destiny of a precaritized workforce. The novel The Hunger Games represents perfectly how this society works. Additionally, the author brings some reflection on the connection of Thana capitalism and the spectacle beyond the recent COVID-19 pandemic.
Using Social Media to Manage Customer Expectations and Quality Perceptions in the Hospitality Industry
Authors: Ahuja Vandana , Alavi Shirin
Published: June 2022

The hospitality sector is a big contributor to the Indian economy. According to a recent report by KPMG, the Indian hospitality industry is projected to grow at 16.1% CAGR to reach Rs 2,796.9 thousand crore in 2022. The hospitality sector provides jobs to a large number of people and defines a service sector which is growing in popularity with an increase in incomes across the middle class and an increasing desire to indulge in entertainment and related activities. This chapter details the factors influencing consumer expectations from the service industry and helps in understanding the usage of social media to manage customer expectations and perceptions of quality. It also aims at identifying ways to use social media to plug service quality gaps and increase consumer loyalty. The chapter also explores the appropriate advertising appeals that should be used by the hospitality industry on social media.
Data Mining for CRM
Authors: Trabelsi Latifa , Akrout Fathi
Published: June 2022

The growth of existing customers' database made by the availability of a large volume of customer data and modern information technologies make the use of data mining tools both a necessity and an opportunity. Several research studies have drawn attention to the interest of applying knowledge discovery in data (KDD) and data mining methods to extract customer knowledge. These methods would improve the customer knowledge management (CKM) process and equip decision-makers with better knowledge about their customers to better serve them. The purpose of this paper is to show customer relationship (CRM) process steps and related objectives with appropriate data mining methods and techniques for better marketing decision making.
Human Resources Management
Authors: Eksili Nisa
Published: June 2022

In the digital world, computers have turned into objects that know more than humans. Devices are redefining the human way of living in a network that allows people to talk to each other. On the one hand, suspicion and fear about technology increased; on the other hand, it became impossible to stay away from a life without technology. In this process, the contribution of digitalization to productivity, the convenience and speed it provides to the business world has made digitalization necessary in all sectors. The role of human resources management (HRM) is very important in the realization of digital transformation in businesses. This role comes to the fore both in adapting to changing social norms and adapting to changes within the enterprise. HRM also has difficulties in this process. This chapter provides background on the challenges HRM faces in the digital society. The digitalization process, digitalization and its effects in businesses, the effects of the digitalization process on employees, working environment, and HR technologies are mentioned.
Influence of 3D Printing Parameters on Mechanical Properties of the PLA Parts Made by FDM Additive Manufacturing Process
Authors: Murariu Alin Constantin , Sîrbu Nicuşor Alin , Cocard Marius , Duma Iuliana
Published: June 2022

Paper presents the results of factorial experiments made to establish the influence of technological parameters of 3D printing using the Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) Technology, on the mechanical properties of the material deposited with ULTRA PLA filaments. By planning the experiments and the statistical processing of the results, mathematical relations were established regarding the dependence between the objective functions, the controllable factors and their interactions. To obtain high tensile strengths of the components made by 3D printing, regimes are required to allow the deposition of layers as thin as possible (h = 0.1 mm) and temperatures as high as possible, close to 300°C. The choice of inappropriate values of these process parameters can lead to a significant decrease in tensile strength, reaching even up to 30-40% of the maximum possible value to be reached. The experiments reveal that the printing speed does not have a major influence on the mechanical properties. Practical, the printing speed is limited by the technical characteristics of the printer used. The results of the experimental research obtained on a number of 30 process variants led to the establishment of optimal 3D printing variants that correspond to the requirements imposed on the objectively analysed functions (tensile strength, dimensional accuracy, speed of execution, surface quality).
Highlights of Earned Value Analysis in Construction Projects
Authors: da Costa Bruno B.F. , Farías Jorge G. , Najjar Mohammad , Amario Mayara , Soares Carlos A.P. , Haddad Assed Naked
Published: June 2022

Construction projects are typically carried out under high-risk conditions and managers are forced to handle a great deal of uncertainty during the construction process. The Earned-Value Analysis is a control technique that provides early warnings of performance by quantitative measures, enabling timely corrective actions to ensure project success. This method was developed to control and adjust the project's baseline during execution. The objective of this article is to discuss the main implications of using EVA in construction projects through a case study. Results proved the applicability of the method in the construction industry. The various indicators generated allow managers to make forecasts for optimistic, realistic, and pessimistic scenarios, having the opportunity to correct any deviations in advance. In addition to forecasts, benchmarking data can be generated for the planners or companies responsible for the project, thus increasing the accuracy of future projects.
Investigation on the Correlation between CNC Spindle Current Value and Tool Wear
Authors: Lin I En , Lee Tsun Yu
Published: June 2022

Metal cutting is the commonly used method in mechanical design, and the tool is the most important key factor in metal cutting. When the tool is severely worn, it will cause the tool to break. This article takes the current value of machining precision turret as an example to study the relationship between current value and tool wear. We used statistical mathematical models to predict tool life and used scatter diagrams to verify the timing of tool change and the actual degree of tool wear, to achieve accurate prediction and reduce tool waste. In our experiment, the core part of the indexing plate (turret) is machined by the horizontal machining center, The CCD image capture system was utilized to evaluate cutting tool wear. Three methods are analyzed to predict tool wear and current. The probability statistical mathematical model shows good match to predict the tool life. it is possible to find out the holes with poor quality caused by tool wear and calculate the exchange rate.
Viral hepatitis A infection amidst Covid-19 outbreak in central part of Sri Lanka
Authors: Abeywardana K. D. S. T. , Muthugala M. A. R. V.
Published: June 2022

The COVID-19 pandemic has caused resource depletion and a shift in priorities in the public health system, impacting the control of other communicable diseases of  public interest. Hepatitis A virus is a notifiable disease transmitted through faeco-oral transmission. We conducted a retrospective analysis of patients with a clinical diagnosis of hepatitis whose specimens were submitted to the Virology Laboratory of the National Hospital, Kandy, from January 2019 to December 2021. During pre-pandemic time 28 (4.4%) were positive for hepatitis A, while it was 86 (10.2%) during the pandemic. There was a statistically significant difference in incidence between the two cohorts (p < 0.0001). The majority of patients in 2021 (25 patients; 64.1%) resided in Badulla. Our data shows an increased incidence of hepatitis A cases during the pandemic, and residents in Badulla were predominantly affected in 2021. Strategies should therefore be undertaken to prevent further cases in the central part of the country.
Hip Strength and Pitching Biomechanics in Adolescent Baseball Pitchers
Authors: Albiero Maxwell L. , Kokott Wesley , Dziuk Cody , Cross Janelle A.
Published: June 2022

Context

Hip strength may influence the energy flow through the kinematic chain during baseball pitching, affecting athlete performance as well as the risk for injury.

Objective

To identify associations between hip strength and pitching biomechanics in adolescent baseball pitchers during 3 key events of the pitching cycle.

Design

Cross-sectional study.

Setting

Biomechanics laboratory.

Patients or Other Participants

A total of 26 adolescent male baseball pitchers (age = 16.1 ± 0.8 years, height = 184.29 ± 5.5 cm, mass = 77.5 ± 8.5 kg).

Main Outcome Measure(s)

The main outcome measure was hip strength (external rotation, internal rotation, flexion, abduction, adduction, and extension). After strength measurements were acquired, motion capture was used to obtain a full-body biomechanical analysis at 3 events during the pitching cycle (foot contact, maximal external rotation, and ball release). We then evaluated these values for associations between hip strength and pitching biomechanics. Scatterplots were examined for linearity to identify an appropriate correlation test. The associations were linear; thus, 2-tailed Pearson correlation coefficients were used to determine correlations between biomechanical metrics. An α level of .01 was chosen.

Results

Ten strong correlations were found between pitching biomechanics and hip strength: 8 correlations between hip strength and kinematics at key points during the pitch and 2 correlations of hip strength with peak elbow-varus torque.

Conclusions

Several correlations were noted between lower extremity strength and pitching biomechanics. This information provides data that may be used to improve performance or reduce injury (or both) in pitchers. Increased hip strength in adolescent pitchers may both improve performance and decrease the risk of injury.
Concussion Assessment and Management Practices Among Irish and Canadian Athletic Therapists: An International Perspective
Authors: Lempke Landon B. , Bergeron Glen , O'Connor Siobhán , Lynall Robert C. , Resch Jacob E. , Walton Samuel R.
Published: June 2022

Context

Certified athletic therapists in Ireland and Canada serve essential concussion assessment and management roles, but their health care practices and concussion knowledge have not been established.

Objective

To examine Irish and Canadian athletic therapist cohorts' (1) concussion knowledge, (2) current concussion assessment and management techniques across all job settings, and (3) the association of concussion assessment and management practices with years of clinical experience and highest degree attained.

Design

Cross-sectional cohort study.

Setting

Online survey.

Patients or Other Participants

Licensed Irish (49.7%, n = 91/183) and Canadian (10.1%, n = 211/2090) athletic therapists.

Main Outcome Measure(s)

Athletic therapists completed an online survey assessing their demographics, concussion knowledge (symptom recognition, patient–clinician scenarios), frequency of concussions assessed annually, and assessment and return-to-play (RTP) measures using a modified, previously validated survey. Symptom recognition consisted of 20 (8 true, 12 false) items on recognition of signs and symptoms that were scored as total correct. Descriptive statistics and odds ratios were used to examine survey responses where appropriate.

Results

Irish (86.8%, n = 46/53) and Canadian (93.4%, n = 155/166) athletic therapists indicated RTP guidelines were the most common method for determining RTP. Symptom recognition scores were 72.8% ± 17.0% among Irish and 76.6% ± 17.0% among Canadian athletic therapists. Irish (91.2%, n = 52/57) and Canadian (90.4%, n = 161/178) athletic therapists reported standardized sideline assessments as the most used concussion assessment method. Irish and Canadian athletic therapists' use of 2-domain (Irish: 38.6% [n = 22/57]; Canadian: 73.6% [n = 131/178]) and 3-domain (Irish: 3.5% [n = 2/57]; Canadian: 19.7% [n = 35/178]) minimum assessments (ie, symptoms, balance, or neurocognitive) was not associated with education or clinical experience (P ≥ .07), except for Canadian athletic therapists with master's degrees having greater odds of completing 2-domain assessments at initial evaluation than those with bachelor's degrees (odds ratio = 1.80; 95% CI = 1.41, 1.95).

Conclusions

Irish and Canadian athletic therapists demonstrated similar concussion knowledge; however, most did not fully adhere to international consensus guidelines for concussion assessment as evidenced by low 2- and 3-domain assessment use. Athletic therapists should aim to implement multidimensional concussion assessments to ensure optimal health care practices and patient safety.
Evidence for Intrinsic Foot Muscle Training in Improving Foot Function: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Jaffri Abbis H. , Koldenhoven Rachel , Saliba Susan , Hertel Jay
Published: June 2022

Objective

To critically assess the literature focused on strength training of the intrinsic foot muscles (IFMs) and resulting improvements in foot function.

Data Sources

A search of electronic databases (PubMed, CINAHL, Scopus, and SPORTDiscus) was completed between January 2000 and March 2022.

Study Selection

Randomized control trials with an outcome of interest and at least 2 weeks of IFM exercise intervention were included. Outcomes of interest were broadly divided into 5 categories of foot posture (navicular drop and Foot Posture Index), namely: balance, strength, patient-reported outcomes, sensory function, and motor performance. The PEDro scale was used to assess the methodologic quality of the included studies with 2 independent reviewers rating each study. Studies with a PEDro score greater than 4/10 were included.

Data Extraction

Data extracted by 2 independent reviewers were design, participant characteristics, inclusion and exclusion criteria, type of intervention, outcomes, and primary results. We performed a random-effects meta-analysis to analyze the difference between intervention and control groups for each outcome when at least 2 studies were available. Standardized mean differences (SMDs) describe effect sizes with 95% CIs (SMD ranges). When the CI crossed zero, the effect was not significant.

Data Synthesis

Thirteen studies were included, and IFM exercise interventions were associated with decreasing navicular drop (SMD range = 0.37, 1.83) and Foot Posture Index (SMD range = 1.03, 1.69) and improving balance (SMD range = 0.18, 1.86), strength (SMD range = 0.06, 1.52), and patient-reported outcomes for disability (SMD range = 0.12, 1.00), with pooled effect sizes favoring the IFM intervention over the control. The IFM exercises were not superior (SMD range = –0.15, 0.66) for reducing pain. We could not perform a meta-analysis for sensory function and motor performance, as only 1 study was available for each outcome; however, these results supported the use of IFM strength training.

Conclusions

Strength training of the IFMs was helpful for patients in improving foot and ankle outcomes.
The time to address diagnostic needs in universal health coverage is now: Leveraging the scale up of national testing capacity for HIV viral load and SARS-CoV-2
Authors: Marinucci Francesco , Dhein Jens
Published: June 2022

No abstract available.
Sleeping soul: A concept representation of metaphysical anthropology of the funeral traditions of Torajan people
Authors: Panuntun Daniel F. , Salewa Wandrio
Published: June 2022

The funeral tradition of the Torajan people is one of the most recognised funeral traditions in the world, a part of Indonesia’s rich indigenous knowledge. However, this particular tradition has been in decline over time because of the alienation caused by the spreading of Christianity. This research aimed to reinterpret metaphysical anthropology of the funeral tradition of the Torajan people using the concept of the sleeping soul from the narration of Jesus in Mark 5:35–42 and Daniel 12:1–3. The research used a qualitative approach with theological and ethnographic research types. The results of this study reveal that the concept of the sleeping soul in the biblical view can reinterpret metaphysical anthropology in the funeral tradition of the Torajan people as follows: (1) souls are eternal in the process of death, (2) souls of the deceased are helpless and (3) the sleeping soul is an eschatological hope for Christianity and Torajan people.Contribution: The aim of this research is to find a Christian metaphysical anthropology doctrine that is cordial to the funeral tradition of the Torajan people. The relationship between the two is that they have the same way of appreciating human existence metaphysically. This finding contributes to Christianity in the preservation of Torajan culture.
Profession as a road to God – Pierre Teilhard de Chardin’s and Dag Hammarskjöld’s spiritual autobiographies: A case study
Authors: Morariu Iuliu-Marius
Published: June 2022

In this article, the author speaks about how a profession (job) can constitute a road to God and can lead one to a deeper understanding of spirituality as the heart of theology, by investigating the spiritual autobiographies of Teilhard de Chardin and Dag Hammarskjöld. While the former was a Jesuit with important contributions to the historical field, the latter was an important personality in the field of international diplomacy, whose contribution came to light towards the end of the important crises that took place in the 1960s. Both of them left us rich spiritual autobiographies in the form of a last published book (De Chardin) and a manuscript discovered after the author’s death and published posthumously (Dag Hammarskjöld).Contribution: This article brings into attention two important authors of the 20th century with different confessional backgrounds (Teilhard de Chardin was a Catholic Jesuit who worked as an archaeologist and was recognised for his work by being elected as a member of reputed forums such as the French Academy, while Dag Hammarskjöld, one of the holders of the posthumous Nobel Prize, was a diplomat with economical and law studies and deep theological concerns, which left to the posterity not only works from his activity field, but also an extremely useful spiritual autobiography) by investigating their spiritual autobiographies and showing how the profession they exercised led them to God and helped them deepen their spirituality and theology.
The building blocks of art and its accompanying role and meaning
Authors: Jones Chris , Van den Heever Juri
Published: June 2022

In this article, focusing on the building blocks of art with its concomitant role and meaning, we commence with a brief evolutionary overview of the origin of land vertebrates, which culminated in the rise of our species as we view it. We then review three iconic phases of human evolution, colloquially designated as the Neanderthals, the San and the Cro-Magnons, as manifested by their artistic endeavours. We are well aware that the Cro-Magnons are currently regarded as not sufficiently distinct from modern Homo sapiens to be separately designated. Therefore, the terms ‘anatomically modern humans’ (AMH) or ‘early modern humans’ (EMH) are suggested for these inhabitants of the Upper Palaeolithic as they shared an anatomical resemblance with us but still lacked the full complement of behavioural attributes that typify ourselves. This particular selection was chosen because these groups have partially overlapped historically, yet each represents a distinctive approach to the artistic impulse. Subsequently, we consider more contemporary developments regarding human art intertwined with our interpretation of art’s role and meaning. Then, we briefly discuss a broader account of the evolution of art in which these three phases are firmly based and through which our understanding of and engagement with the evolutionary development of these stages are elucidated and complemented. In conclusion, particular views about language and the role and meaning of art are confirmed. Particular views about language and the role and meaning of art are endorsed and supplemented by an extensive body of relevant literature.Contribution: This article explores the evolution of art and its accompanying role and meaning in an intersectional and interdisciplinary manner that fits well with the intention of this unique collection on the building blocks of our past, present and future and with the nature of this journal and our ongoing engagement with HTS Teologiese Studies/Theological Studies.
Module 3
Authors: Gross Raphaël , Verduzco-Gutierrez Monica , Draulans Nathalie , Zimerman Máximo , Francisco Gerard E. , Deltombe Thierry
Published: June 2022

This module outlines the history of the development of surgical interventions for treating spasticity and discusses when surgical intervention is most appropriate for managing spasticity. A range of surgical techniques are considered; intrathecal baclofen, neurotomy, and muscle or tendon lengthening and transfer procedures. The implications and limitations of the surgical techniques are considered. The need for a multidisciplinary team to deliver optimal surgical treatment is also considered.
Comparison of the efficacy of Macintosh laryngoscope-guided insertion of I-gel™ with the conventional blind insertion technique – A randomised study
Authors: Vyas Ankit , Bihani Pooja , Jaju Rishabh , Paliwal Naveen , Tak Mathura L. , Choudhary Usha
Published: June 2022

Background and Aims:

This study was designed to compare the efficacy of Macintosh laryngoscope-guided insertion of I-gel™ with the conventional blind insertion technique.

Methods:

A total of 156 adult patients scheduled to undergo elective surgery under general anaesthesia were included.All participants were randomly divided into two groups; I-gel™ was inserted with conventional blind and Macintosh laryngoscopic-guided technique in group A and B respectively. The primary objective of the study was to determine the incidence of optimal positioning in both the groups based on fibreoptic bronchoscope score of the glottic view. Oropharyngeal leak pressure, haemodynamic parameters and insertion characteristics were also compared.Categorical data were presented as ratio or percentage, continuous data were presented as mean ± standard deviation or median (95% confidence interval). The strength of association between insertion technique and the anatomical fit of the device was calculated by relative risk ratio.

Results:

Fibreoptic scores were significantly better in laryngoscope-guided insertion group when compared to the blind insertion group (P < 0.0001). The incidence of malposition was 3.85% in the laryngoscopic insertion group and 39.4% in the blind insertion (P < 0.0001). Oropharyngeal leak pressure was higher in laryngoscope-guided insertion group than in blind insertion group (26.89 ± 3.37 cm H2O versus 24.42 ± 3.00 cm H2O; P < 0.0001).Other insertion characteristics except time taken to insert the device were comparable in both groups.

Conclusion:

When compared to the standard blind insertion technique, laryngoscope-guided insertion of I-gel™ results in better alignment with the laryngeal inlet providing a proper anatomical fit and better airway seal pressure.
Need of Integrated Management of Type II Diabetes Mellitus as a Serious Risk Factor in Modifying Outcomes in Cancer Management
Authors: Bendale Yogesh Narayan , Bendale Vineeta , Gund Pravin , Kadam Avinash
Published: June 2022

The Rasayu cancer treatment protocol is based on the philosophy of normalizing the natural cell cycle and enhancing the apoptosis pathways. Rasayana chikatsa modulates Dhatus and Ojas being important therapeutic targets in cancer treatment. Diabetes mellitus can be correlated to Prameha in Ayurveda. Ayurveda believes that Prameha reduce the strength of all the dhatus and also reduce the Ojas. Considering this pathophysiological aspect of Prameha, it can be hypothesized that it cannot only make the dhatus more susceptible to cancer but can also increase the risk of metastasis and recurrence thereby negatively affecting the overall therapeutic outcomes. To support this hypothesis based on fundamental Ayurveda principles, we conducted this literature review with an aim to study and evaluate the available evidence regarding the role of diabetes in pathophysiology and prognosis of cancer. A literature review was done in PubMed from their inception to 1 January 2018. Review was performed using the keywords such as diabetes mellitus, cancer treatment, mortality, cancer metastasis, and quality of life. The present article highlights the available evidence suggesting that diabetes has major impact on various cancer types which directly affects recurrence of cancer, spread of cancer, overall survival, mortality, and morbidity. The approach of targeting Dhatus and Ojas in cancer treatment has shown favorable outcomes in cancer treatment. Hence, besides having strict glycemic control the diabetic treatment should target improving strength of dhatus and increasing ojas using appropriate Rasayana chikitsa. Similar approach should be followed more meticulously in the management of diabetic cancer patients. Further clinical studies are required to validate this hypothesis.