bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Survey of administration of intravenous ketamine for perioperative pain management in Australia and New Zealand
Authors: Lloyd-Donald Patryck J , Peyton Philip J
Published: February 2025

Ketamine is an N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor antagonist approved for use in anaesthesia, with analgesic properties. Despite publication of numerous trials and expert guidelines on its use for pain management, administration of ketamine as part of multimodal perioperative analgesia remains ‘off-label’. We conducted an online, prospective survey of ANZCA Fellows, exploring current prescribing practices of intravenous ketamine for perioperative analgesia. We surveyed 2000 Fellows and received 806 responses. The factors mostly likely to influence their administration of perioperative ketamine included pre-existing chronic pain, and heavy or multiple opioid use by patients preoperatively. Amongst respondents, less senior anaesthetists and those working in public hospitals were more likely to administer intraoperative ketamine. The surgical procedures most likely to result in ketamine administration intraoperatively were open pelvic/abdominal, thoracic and major spinal surgery, where ketamine administration was likely practice for the majority of respondents, with typical loading doses that ranged widely. The commonest choices of intraoperative loading dose were between 0.2 mg kg–1 and 0.6 mg kg–1. The commonest choice of intraoperative and postoperative infusion rate was in the range of 0.1–0.2 mg kg–1 h–1. Postoperative ketamine infusion was most commonly prescribed as third-line or rescue analgesia. The majority of respondents thought it either ‘likely’ or ‘very likely’ ketamine would reduce postoperative chronic pain after thoracic surgery, but not in other surgical categories. Our findings suggest that off-label perioperative administration of ketamine at analgesic dose ranges is routine or common practice in major surgery for a majority of specialist anaesthetists in Australia and New Zealand.
Between fascination and science: Goethe and the atmosphere
Authors: Olcina Cantos Jorge , Martí Marco María Rosario
Published: February 2025

In the final decades of the eighteenth century and the first decades of the nineteenth century, there was a phase of cultural effervescence in Europe that impacted the progress of philosophical and scientific thought. In addition to making their mark in their fields of knowledge, key figures in Western culture, such as Kant, Humboldt and Goethe, contributed greatly to the advancement of natural sciences, particularly atmospheric science. Goethe stands out for his work on barometric measurements, his knowledge of clouds and his ideas on the movement of the air. His justification of atmospheric dynamics based on internal causes of the Earth was quickly dismissed in light of the air physics discoveries taking place at the time. He was passionate about the shapes of clouds and the form of the sky, which he described and drew. His literary work is replete with references to the atmosphere. This study analyses the meteorological writings of Goethe, examining his contributions to the atmospheric sciences of his day and how his passion for the skies and clouds permeated his literary works. Goethe's relationship with the fields of meteorology and climate science is not well known, but his studies constituted a valuable contribution to the cultural and scientific context of the Europe that was taking shape at that time.
Superresolution based on coherent thermal radiation with selective information
Authors: Huang Duan-Hsin , Chang Chih-Wei
Published: February 2025

We reexamine superresolution methods that may have been overlooked by previous optical microscopy techniques. For a one-dimensional (1D) system, we show that maximizing the information capacity of an imaging system is not a necessary condition for surpassing the Abbe diffraction limit. Specifically, the spatial resolution of two coherent emitters can go beyond the Abbe diffraction limit if an appropriate information zone, but not the full information zone, is selected for far-field imaging. Based on this principle, we show that λ/2.6 superresolution can be easily achieved for two coherent thermal radiative sources with a sufficiently large phase difference. Similar effects can be found for a 1D array of thermal radiative sources coupled by surface phonon polaritons. Introducing a dielectric microsphere into the system can further enhance the phase difference among the radiative sources, achieving superresolution better than λ/4. The concept and method presented here can be implemented to enhance the spatial resolution of thermal imaging.
Influence of ambient light on the accuracy of different face scanning methods: an in-vitro study
Authors: Keil Paul Ulrich , Beuer Florian , Unkovskiy Alexey , Atay Ece , Jennes Marie-Elise
Published: February 2025

Background

Face scanners provide a viable method for capturing a patient’s face geometry. To optimize their accuracy, influencing factors, like the ambient light, need to be examined.

Methods

A human head model with eight pins attached to its surface was used to investigate the accuracy of four face scanning methods (Face Hunter, iPad, Medit i700, single camera photogrammetry) under three illumination levels (500 lx, 5000 lx, 20 000 lx). An industrial CT scan was used as reference. Two alignment-areas – full face (AL-FF) and spheres (AL-KG) and two investigation areas – center face (UB-CF) and full face (UB-FF), were used during the examination. The root-mean-square-error (RMSE) was employed as a measure. Separated by trueness and precision, a one-way ANOVA was performed with post hoc Games-Howell tests for each scanning method.

Results

All scanners showed significant differences between the illumination levels. For most test groups, the Face Hunter acquired its lowest RMSE values under 500 lx. The same can be said for the Medit i700, even though for trueness, differences to 5000 lx were random. Single camera photogrammetry performed better at higher illumination levels, but only random differences between 5000 lx and 20 000 lx were seen. For the iPad, different results for optimal illumination were found regarding trueness and precision, as well as the investigation areas. All accuracy results were labelled as highly reliable, except for the iPad´s trueness results.

Conclusion

Scanner-dependent influence of ambient light was shown in this in-vitro study. Face Hunter and Medit i700 performed better under a darker illumination of 500 lx, whereas single camera photogrammetry needed brighter lighting. For the iPad no tested lighting situation showed clear advantages.
Ecofriendly and smart spectrophotometric approaches for synchronized analysis of two antipsychotic drugs, fluoxetine and olanzapine: application to combined tablet dosages with assessment of method greenness
Authors: Derayea Sayed M , Madian Huda , Samir Ebtihal , Badr-eldin Khaled M.
Published: February 2025

The present study was dedicated for solving the challenge of the overlapped spectra of olanzapine (OLZ) and fluoxetine (FLX) for their concurrent, accurate and precise determination without prior physical separation. The developed methods had to venture away from those that depend on chromatography, because of their negative effects on the environment due to using hazardous organic solvents as well as their high cost. The suggested methods were based on spectrophotometry combined with simple mathematical treatments of the spectra. These approaches are simple, rapid, inexpensive and reliable options for the effective assay of FLX and OLZ in pharmaceutical dosage forms. Ratio subtraction method was devoted for estimation of both drugs, while dual wavelength method and absorptivity factor method could be utilized in the estimation of FLX and OLZ, respectively. All the suggested methods were efficiently applied for the determination of the studied drugs in laboratory prepared mixtures and their pharmaceutical formulations. The environmental safety of the involved procedures was assessed by applying the Eco Score scale and complex modified GAPI methods. The methods were proved to be highly safe since no large volume of solvents were used, and no derivatizing reagent or drastic experimental conditions were involved. In addition, the procedures consume little energy and produce a small amount of waste. In conclusion, for FLX determination, the use of dual wavelength method is preferable because it needs very low mathematical treatment than the ratio subtraction method. However, for OLZ, the ratio subtraction method has higher sensitivity than absorptivity factor method although the latter is simpler.
Sensitive and selective silver nanoparticle-based fluorescence sensor for corticosteroid determination in pharmaceutical formulations
Authors: Elawadi Ghidaa G. , Elsebaei Fawzi , Fathy Mona E. , Metwally Mohammed E.-S.
Published: February 2025

Glucocorticoids play a crucial role in metabolic processes and have potent anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive properties. Hence, developing a facile, sensitive, selective, and green approach to determine corticosteroids is essential. In this study, silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs) were synthesized via the chemical reduction of silver nitrate using sodium borohydride in distilled water without using non-environmentally friendly organic stabilizers. The synthesized Ag-NPs exhibited high stability, as evidenced by a zeta potential measuring − 36.8 mV. Also, the average particle size was determined to be 8 ± 2 nm. These Ag-NPs were then employed as a nano fluorescence probe to establish a fluorometric assay for determining prednisolone sodium phosphate (PDN) and dexamethasone sodium phosphate (DXZ). Reduction in fluorescence intensity of Ag-NPs observed at 484 nm following excitation at 242 nm exhibited quantitative quenching upon the incremental addition of the investigated drugs, with limits of detection of 0.178 µg/mL and 0.145 µg/mL for PDN and DXZ, respectively. The quenching mechanisms were examined and explained using the Stern-Volmer and Inner Filter Effect methods. The method’s selectivity was also assessed by testing other corticosteroids. The proposed method is suitable for drug testing in pharmaceutical products and quality control labs. It follows ICH guidelines and has been confirmed to be safe and eco-friendly.
Twenty-four years of prescription patterns in bipolar disorder inpatients with vs without lithium: a pharmacoepidemiological analysis of 8,707 cases in German-speaking countries
Authors: Greil Waldemar , de Bardeci Mateo , Nievergelt Nadja , Erfurth Andreas , Hasler Gregor , Bridler Rene , Toto Sermin , Grohmann Renate , Seifert Johanna , Schoretsanitis Georgios
Published: February 2025

Background

Global pharmacoepidemiological evidence suggests dynamically changing prescription patterns in patients with bipolar disorders. We assessed trends in the use of pharmacological agents used in the management of bipolar disorders in inpatients.

Methods

We examined drug use data provided by the Drug Safety in Psychiatry Programme AMSP (German: “Arzneimittelsicherheit in der Psychiatrie”), including psychiatric hospitals in Germany, Austria and Switzerland. We included data from adult inpatients with bipolar disorders (ICD-10: F31) treated between 1994 and 2017. We compared prescription patterns between patients receiving therapeutic regimens with vs. without lithium. Patients with manic and depressive episodes were also analyzed separately.

Results

We identified a total of 8,707 patients (58% females, mean age 50.8 ± 14.8 years). Our analysis revealed a decrease of lithium use (up to 2004) and a consistent increase of prescription rates for second-generation antipsychotics (SGA) among which quetiapine (n = 2,677) and olanzapine (n = 1,536) were the most common. Among psychotropic drugs, quetiapine was most frequently combined with lithium (n = 716, 25.6%). Lithium-treated patients received a higher number of drugs compared to patients not receiving lithium (mean number of drugs in patients with vs. without lithium 4.99, n = 2,796 vs. 4.75, n = 5,911, p = 0.002). Thyroid therapeutics were given more often, valproate and quetiapine less often in the lithium group. Antidepressants were consistently prescribed to more than 60% of patients with bipolar depressive episodes.

Conclusions

Our findings suggest that SGAs are gradually becoming the mainstay treatment option in bipolar disorder, continuously replacing lithium. The use of antidepressants remains concerningly high. We call for action to improve adherence to evidence-based guidelines.
Uncovering the transcriptional landscape of Fomes fomentarius during fungal-based material production through gene co-expression network analysis
Authors: Cairns Timothy , Freidank-Pohl Carsten , Birke Anna Sofia , Regner Carmen , Jung Sascha , Meyer Vera
Published: February 2025

Background

Fungal-based composites have emerged as renewable, high-performance biomaterials that are produced on lignocellulosic residual streams from forestry and agriculture. Production at an industrial scale promises to revolutionize the world humans inhabit by generating sustainable, low emission, non-toxic and biodegradable construction, packaging, textile, and other materials. The polypore Fomes fomentarius is one of the basidiomycete species used for biomaterial production, yet nothing is known about the transcriptional basis of substrate decomposition, nutrient uptake, or fungal growth during composite formation. Co-expression network analysis based on RNA-Seq profiling has enabled remarkable insights into a range of fungi, and we thus aimed to develop such resources for F. fomentarius.

Results

We analysed gene expression from a wide range of laboratory cultures (n = 9) or biomaterial formation (n = 18) to determine the transcriptional landscape of F. fomentarius during substrate decomposition and to identify genes important for (i) the enzymatic degradation of lignocellulose and other plant-based substrates, (ii) the uptake of their carbon monomers, and (iii) genes guiding mycelium formation through hyphal growth and cell wall biosynthesis. Simple scripts for co-expression network construction were generated and tested, and harnessed to identify a fungal-specific transcription factor named CacA strongly co-expressed with multiple chitin and glucan biosynthetic genes or Rho GTPase encoding genes, suggesting this protein is a high-priority target for engineering adhesion and branching during composite growth. We then updated carbohydrate activated enzymes (CAZymes) encoding gene annotation, used phylogenetics to assign putative uptake systems, and applied network analysis to predict repressing/activating transcription factors for lignocellulose degradation. Finally, we identified entirely new types of co-expressed contiguous clusters not previously described in fungi, including genes predicted to encode CAZymes, hydrophobins, kinases, lipases, F-box domains, chitin synthases, amongst others.

Conclusion

The systems biology data generated in this study will enable us to understand the genetic basis of F. fomentarius biomaterial formation in unprecedented detail. We provided proof-of-principle for accurate network-derived predictions of gene function in F. fomentarius and generated the necessary data and scripts for analysis by any end user. Entirely new classes of contiguous co-expressed gene clusters were discovered, and multiple transcription factor encoding genes which are high-priority targets for genetic engineering were identified.
Serum magnesium level in a sample of Egyptian patients with major depressive disorder: cross-sectional study
Authors: Okasha Tarek Ahmed , Elserafi Doha Mostafa , Naguib Rehab Mohamed , Abdelhadi Mariam Abdelhamid , Dessouki Nahla Abdel Rahim
Published: February 2025

Background

Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a prevalent mental health condition that manifests as profound emotional disturbances and considerable functional deficits. Magnesium (Mg), a vital mineral, plays a recognized role in numerous neuropsychiatric conditions, including depressive disorders. Nonetheless, the association between circulating Mg concentrations and MDD within the Egyptian demographic has yet to be definitively elucidated. This study aimed to evaluate serum Mg levels in MDD patients, assess their correlation with depression severity, and explore the diagnostic utility of serum Mg.

Results

The study included 30 newly diagnosed MDD patients and 30 healthy controls. Serum Mg levels were significantly lower in MDD patients (1.880 ± 0.190 mg/dL) compared to controls (1.996 ± 0.169 mg/dL, p = 0.015). An inverse relationship of notable strength was identified between serum magnesium concentrations and the severity of depressive symptoms, quantified using the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (Ham-D17) (r = − 0.592, p = 0.001). ROC curve analysis determined a serum Mg threshold of ≤ 1.8 mg/dL, yielding sensitivity and specificity rates of 46.7% and 80.0%, respectively, with an overall diagnostic accuracy of 67%.

Conclusions

A notable reduction in serum Mg levels was identified in individuals with MDD relative to healthy controls, and these levels correlated inversely with depression severity. Serum Mg may serve as a potential biomarker for MDD and its severity.
Enhancing biogas production from co-digestion of organic wastes mixed with cattle manure using rumen fluid and Saccharomyces cerevisiae isolate MUTJ0F
Authors: Fentahun Mulugeta , Kahsay Birhanu
Published: February 2025

Background Biogas production from different types of biodegradable wastes used as an alternative for fossil fuels for energy consumption and biodegradable waste management. Biogas is a cost-effective, ecologically friendly, sustainable energy source that is also a reliable method to handle food waste. Methods This study used rumen fluid and S. cerevisiae isolate MUTJ0F to maximize the production of biogas from household consumption of three substrates such as cattle manure, cafeteria leftover foods, and fruit and vegetable wastes. Plastic 0.6 L digesters operating at a mesophilic temperature (30°C) were used to produce biogas from the mixed waste. Biogas production was recorded after the 60-day retention period. Standard methods were used to figure out parameters like pH, total solids, organic carbon volatile solids, and moisture content of the raw mixed wastes. This study was carried out experimentally using factorial patterns and a completely randomized 6 × 2 design. The water displacement method was used to estimate the average amount of biogas generated by a 0.6 L digester. Result The corresponding VS/TS ratios for cattle manure, fruit and vegetable waste, and leftover cafeteria food waste were 91.2%, 80.2%, and 78.3%. More biogas was produced using rumen fluid and the S. cerevisiae isolate MUTJ0F than from mixed wastes without inoculums. The highest volume of biogas (6900.3 ml) was generated by mixing 10 ml of S. cerevisiae isolate MUTJ0F with the rumen fluids (100 ml). The digester that included 100 ml of rumen fluid and S. cerevisiae was the optimum performance for biogas production. Conclusion This result suggests that using rumen fluid and the S. cerevisiae isolate MUTJ0F as inoculums in a biogas digestor can enhance the production of biogas.
Balance of glutathione system activity in ascitic ovarian tumor under the experimental conditions
Authors: Sarakhan V.
Published: February 2025

The article presents the experimental results of the investigation the glutathione system activity in rats simulated ovarian ascites tumor. It was found that the glutathione system in the form of glutathione reductase and glutathione peroxidase is inactivated after 2 months, but at 4 months of study the activity of these enzymatic systems increases. Treatment with gammaglobulins gives a certain therapeutic effect due to a change in the activity of the studied enzymes involved in redox intracellular reactions. It was established that for 2 months activation of glutathione peroxidase with parallel inhibition of glutathione reductase. However, for 4 months the activity changed in the opposite direction.
Harraga
Authors: Voytyuk Oksana
Published: February 2025

The external borders of the European Union are becoming increasingly difficult to cross each year. Migrants deprived of legal entry into the EU still attempt to do so illegally. Neither the introduction of visa restrictions nor the closure of borders has reduced the phenomenon of illegal border crossings. The aim of this article is to investigate and describe the harraga phenomenon, which consists of the illegal crossing of the southern sea borders of the European Union by citizens of the Maghreb countries. The author will endeavour to explain the causes and motivations of migrants, with a primary focus on Algerians. In Algeria, the harraga phenomenon differs from other types of migration, and there are political and social reasons behind this phenomenon. Algerian harraga follows its own logic of circumventing restrictions and crossing borders illegally. Risking their lives to leave the country, Algerians view this as their last hope of reaching the ‘European El Dorado’. Obtaining a visa in Algeria today has become a far more challenging undertaking than the perilous crossing of the Mediterranean Sea. For young people, often coming from large working-class families, ‘burning the borders’ is the only way to reach Europe and pursue a different life, often precarious but more stable. Algerians travel to Spain, Italy and Malta, crossing the waters of the Mediterranean Sea, but their primary destination remains France – where economic and social conditions significantly motivate individuals to undertake the dangerous journey to Europe. The research methods used in the article include a literature review, data analysis, synthesis, comparison and case study.
Rethinking Future Conflicts
Authors: Dziwisz Dominika
Published: February 2025

This article examines the concept of the ‘grey zone’ in international conflict, with a particular focus on its application in cyberspace. The grey zone refers to non-conventional strategies employed by states to achieve strategic objectives without escalating to overt warfare. The study highlights the evolving nature of grey-zone activities, driven by technological advancements and increasing reliance on cyberspace, which has introduced novel vulnerabilities and opportunities for state actors. Adopting a neoclassical realist framework, the article argues that the unique characteristics of cyberspace – its borderless nature, lack of territorial constraints, and difficulties in attribution – render it an attractive domain for conducting grey-zone operations. By minimizing the risk of escalation while maximizing strategic impact, state actors can pursue their objectives with relative impunity. Through a critical analysis of scholarly literature, public reports, and governmental sources, this study identifies the strategic assumptions underpinning Russia’s cyber operations and assesses their effectiveness in achieving specific policy goals. The findings suggest that while Russia’s cyber activities reflect a sophisticated understanding of the grey zone, the escalation to conventional warfare in 2022 indicates a failure to meet objectives solely through ambiguous actions.
Cele rozwoju austriackiego systemu badań, technologii i innowacji przez pryzmat FTI-Strategie 2030
Authors: Szewior Krzysztof
Published: February 2025

THE AUSTRIAN RESEARCH, TECHNOLOGY AND INNOVATION SYSTEM THROUGH THE PRISM OF TFI-STRATEGIES 2030Austria treats scientific knowledge as a public good with general obligations. Over the years, it has developed a national model of research – technology and innovation. It considers the social conditions, membership in the EU, the territorial system of the state. Austria has a solid legal framework and a good level of research funding. It ensures coherence and synergy of programs, instruments, research infrastructure. The FTI-Strategy and its supporting initiatives demonstrate a systematic approach bringing qualitative and quantitative development. With the FTI strategy and system, Austria has set a goal of joining the ranks of the best technological countries, transforming the country based on the principles of sustainable development, improving quality of life and socio-economic resilience. Austria sees its opportunity in modernization processes based on modern technologies, green social change, integrated Standortpolitik.
The Zweymüller primary stem is a reliable, effective, and less invasive implant in revision hip arthroplasty for Paprosky type I and II defects
Authors: Battaglia Antonino G. , D'Apolito Rocco , Ding Benjamin T. K. , Tonolini Stefano , Ramazzotti Joil , Zagra Luigi
Published: February 2025

Aims

Revision hip arthroplasty for femoral stem loosening remains challenging due to significant bone loss and deformities requiring specialized revision stems. The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical and radiological outcomes, and survival, of a consecutive series of femoral revisions performed using a primary cementless stem with tapered geometry and rectangular cross-section at medium-term follow-up.

Methods

We retrospectively evaluated 113 patients (115 hips) with intraoperative Paprosky type I (n = 86) or II (n = 29) defects, who underwent femoral revision with Alloclassic Zweymüller SL stem for one-stage aseptic revision or two-stage septic revision from January 2011 to December 2020. The mean follow-up was 77.9 months (SD 33.8). Nine patients were lost to follow-up (deceased or not available), leaving 104 patients (106 hips) for the clinical and radiological analysis. Clinical assessment was performed with Harris Hip Score (HHS) and visual analogue scale (VAS) before surgery and at final follow-up.

Results

There were 60 males and 53 females with a mean age at time of surgery of 71.2 years (SD 12.6). The mean HHS and VAS significantly improved at final follow-up, from 33.7 (SD 13.0) and 5.8 (SD 1.8) preoperatively to 66.4 (SD 16.8) and 2.1 (SD 1.8) postoperatively, respectively (p = 0.001 and p = 0.001). Overall, 28 patients (25%) showed non-progressive radiolucent lines at the level of proximal femur without radiological or clinical signs of loosening. One patient had a recurrence of periprosthetic joint infection after a two-stage procedure requiring re-revision surgery. One patient underwent exchange of modular components for recurrent dislocation, and another case of dislocation was treated conservatively. The survival with aseptic loosening as endpoint was 100%, while stem revision for any reason was 99.1% at up to 152 months’ follow-up.

Conclusion

Alloclassic Zweymüller SL primary stem showed favourable medium-term results and survival for revision total hip arthroplasty in Paprosky type I and II defects.

Cite this article: Bone Jt Open 2025;6(2):186–194.
Prevalência da cárie em pré-escolares e fatores associados em Salvador, Bahia
Authors: Borges Leal Marielle , Barreto de Sousa Cabral Maria Beatriz , Frederico de Almeida Tatiana , Silva Santana Barbosa Luciana , Teixeira  Cangussu Maria Cristina , Ribeiro da Silva Castro Cristiane
Published: February 2025

Objetivo: Conhecer a prevalência de cárie dentária e potenciais fatores de riscos em pré-escolares de Salvador, Bahia. Metodologia: trata-se de um estudo transversal realizado em Centros Municipais de Educação Infantil e Unidades Básicas de Saúde em pré-escolares, no ano de 2018, por meio de um inquérito realizado pela Faculdade de Odontologia da Universidade Federal da Bahia em parceira com as Secretarias Municipais de Saúde e de Educação. Foram examinadas 1591 crianças nos doze distritos do município de Salvador. Dados foram analisados descritivamente e exploratoriamente em busca de associações. Resultados: O ceo-d encontrado foi de 1,43 e o percentual de crianças com experiência de cárie foi de 36,5%. Dentre os fatores socioeconômicos associados à presença de cárie em pré-escolares, destacou-se a escolaridade da mãe (p<0,05). A cárie infantil foi mais frequente em crianças maiores de 36 meses de idade e teve relação direta com a dieta cariogênica, biofilme visível e manchas brancas ativas (p<0,05). Conclusão: A cárie é uma doença ainda muito frequente na infância em Salvador-BA e associa-se a fatores socioeconômicos e comportamentais. São necessários estímulo e aprimoramento de intervenções educacionais e preventivas com o objetivo de reduzir a prevalência da doença, principalmente, entre as mães com menor escolaridade.
Perfil das demandas judiciais por medicamentos em um município de grande porte do estado da Bahia
Authors: Valadares Freitas Inalva , Coelho Thereza Christina Bahia
Published: February 2025

Este artigo analisa o perfil das demandas judiciais de medicamentos em município de grande porte do Estado da Bahia, no período de 2017 a 2019. Metodologia: Pesquisa documental, com abordagem quanti-qualitativa. A unidade de análise é ação judicial, movida pelo cidadão contra a Secretaria Municipal de Saúde do município de Feira de Santana-BA, com manifestação do sistema judiciário, exigindo o fornecimento de medicamentos que foram requeridos, nos anos de 2017, 2018 e 2019. Foi realizado um levantamento in loco das demandas judiciais dos medicamentos, descrevendo o seu percurso nas diferentes instâncias e quais os medicamentos demandados, em 174 processos. Resultados: Foram solicitados 128 itens de medicamentos, correspondentes a 6 classes da ATC (A, C, H, M, N, L). Do total dos 306 medicamentos identificados nos processos, 7 (4,5%) não estavam disponíveis no mercado nacional e 15 (9,8) pertenciam ao Grupo 1 dos medicamentos do Componente Especializado, aquele cujo financiamento está sob a responsabilidade exclusiva da União. Os medicamentos mais demandados judicialmente foram: Ranibizumabe (17 processos), seguido de Imipramina (deveria estar fartamente disponível no SUS), Insulina garglina, Oxibutina e Rivaroxabana. Conclusão: A prescrição médica, quer seja da rede privada ou obtida via SUS, é o elemento mais respeitado da decisão judicial e como tal precisa de racionalidade e observância aos ditames legais da própria receita e atenção aos mecanismos de acesso ao medicamento.
Legitimizing and camuflaged identities: between racism, submission and resistance
Authors: Bahia Coelho Thereza Christina , Silva Santos Andrea Beatriz
Published: February 2025

There is a clear tension within Brazilian society between the racial definition of categories which identify people in relation to their ethnic origin and the impact of this marking upon their social status. Several studies have discussed the ‘Myth of Racial Democracy’ in Brazil, identifying the existence of a “cordial” racism, and the tendency for a false "whitening" of the population. Our study aims to analyze the discourses used by coroners who are responsible for determining the race-skin colour of individuals who have died by violent causes (statistically one of the most important causes of death). The analysis considers the very specific nature of the work of the Medico-legal, by exploring the discourses used to classify skin-colour and the accompanying attributions made to behavior (qua cause of death) dependent upon these classifications. The professional’s discourses concerning race-colour tend to correspond to a spectrum of what we term political-ideological positions. These positions reveal political identities concerned with processes of legitimizing, camouflaged, resistance and project. The research confirmed the phenomenon of “whitening” in cases of violent death, whereby people from non-white groups were classified as white on the death certificate. This means that this phenomenon affects not only the census record of the living but also the statistics of mortality. The results showed the main ideological mechanisms through which both racism and the construction of political identities run in health institutions. Also, they highlight aspects of the identity of those who identify the dead, how their identities determine the identity of their object, and how the adopted discourse justifies this determination.
EL REY DEMONIO DEL SEXTO CIELO. ALGUNOS APUNTES SOBRE ODA NOBUNAGA Y SUS PLASMACIONES EN EL CINE JAPONÉS
Authors: MÍGUEZ SANTA CRUZ ANTONIO
Published: February 2025

Oda Nobunaga, el famoso señor feudal del periodo Sengoku, ha capturado la imaginación del público durante siglos. Sus deseos de unificar un territorio tan complejo como Japón, su visión progresista, el trato cercano con los cristianos extranjeros o su muerte trágica, lo han convertido en una figura idealizada y mitificada en la cultura popular. El presente ensayo explorará las diversas plasmaciones de este señor de la guerra en el cine (sin olvidar menciones al anime y los videojuegos), con el objetivo de analizar cómo se ha adaptado su imagen a lo largo del tiempo y de qué modo se ha utilizado su nombre para transmitir ideas y valores específicos.
8º FESTIVAL INTERNACIONAL DE CINEMA DE BARCELONA SANT JORDI
Authors: Vaccaro Sánchez Juan
Published: February 2025

Crónica del 8º Festival Internacional de Cinema de Barcelona Sant Jordi
Latest Barremian - early Aptian chronostratigraphy and sedimentary evolution of the northwestern Maestrat Basin
Authors: García Penas Álvaro , Zamora Samuel , Moreno-Bedmar Josep Anton , Calvin Pablo , Aurell Marcos
Published: February 2025

Some aspects on the age and correlation of the upper Barremian-lower Aptian stratigraphic units of the NW Maestrat Basin were uncertain prior to this study, due to the differing lithostratigraphy of the marginal Oliete subbasin compared to the more depocentral Galve and Morella subbasins. New magnetostratigraphic, ammonite and sedimentological data presented in this study refine the age and sequence stratigraphy of the upper Barremian-lower Aptian succession, enabling a direct and precise correlation across these subbasins. Three third-order TR sequences are identified. The lower boundary of Sequence 1 corresponds to a transgressive surface found on top of the continental red beds of the lower Morella Fm. These beds are equivalent in age to the continental succession of the upper Blesa Fm. (Oliete subbasin). The boundary between the M1 and M0r magnetozones (latest Barremian) is found above this surface, in the lower part of the Alacón Fm. Sequence 1 includes the lower part of the Alacón Fm., which passes basinwards to the upper Morella and Xert formations. Sequence 2 corresponds to the upper part of the Alacón Fm and basinwards to the Cap de Vinyet and Barra de Morella members of the Forcall Fm. The boundary between the M0r and C34n magnetozones (earliest Aptian) is found towards the lowermost part of Sequence 2. Sequence 3 includes the Josa Fm and its offshore equivalents, the Morella la Vella Mb. and the Villarroya de los Pinares Fm. Additionally, the overall facies distribution in successive depositional stages is reconstructed, describing the lateral transition from marginal protected to open marine areas. The improved chronostratigraphic framework presented here will enable more accurate correlations with other subbasins of the Maestrat Basin, and the reconstructed sedimentary evolution may be useful for the interpretation of other Lower Cretaceous successions of the Tethys.
Jaume Plensa a través de su relación con Joan Brossa
Authors: Plana Freixas Rocío
Published: February 2025

El presente estudio forma parte de una investigación más amplia, sobre la relevancia de la literatura en los proyectos de arte del escultor Jaume Plensa en el espacio público internacional, con especial atención al papel esencial que juega la poesía para su escultura en términos de identidad y representación.
Así, teniendo en cuenta el papel precursor del poeta visual Joan Brossa a la hora de llevar la poesía a la ciudad de forma duradera con sus intervenciones urbanas, hemos querido aquí indagar en la breve, pero fundamental relación que ambos artistas mantuvieron a través de tres cartas inéditas del escultor al poeta, escritas entre septiembre de 1979 y noviembre de 1982.
De la profunda afinidad entre los dos artistas que se desprende de la lectura de dicha correspondencia, así como las referencias compartidas al contexto político-cultural de la Transición española en que fueron escritas, extraeremos algunos de los presupuestos ideológicos y constantes creativas más relevantes en Plensa. Entre aquellos, destaca el valor otorgado a la Cultura sobre la política para el progreso de la sociedad y entre estas, la relación que la poesía y el arte tienen en Plensa con lo desconocido y su capacidad, como decía Brossa, para acercarnos a nuestros orígenes e identidad, así como también la presencia del agua como imagen y elemento integrador en su discurso y planteamiento artístico. Junto a los textos propuestos, analizaremos asimismo en profundidad dos obras iniciales del artista que nos permitirán concretar en estrategias estéticas los principios definitorios hallados en sus misivas a Brossa; todo ello dará pie a establecer importantes conexiones entre los inicios de su carrera y su producción posterior, muy especialmente con algunas de las obras que le han situado en el panorama internacional de la escultura urbana, lo que sin duda revela una extraordinaria coherencia en la trayectoria del escultor.
La lectura actual de estos textos pone además de manifiesto la actualidad de Brossa y la relevancia de la propuesta de Plensa, subrayando la apuesta de ambos artistas por dos de los valores más esenciales para nuestra sociedad: la defensa de la diferencia y el reconocimiento de una realidad plural, indispensables para preservar la esencia del espacio público como lugar de relación y centrales a las intervenciones del escultor en el corazón de nuestras ciudades.
Coherent emission of antimonide semiconductor laser arrays with a phase-locked Talbot cavity
Authors: Shi Jianmei , Chen Yihang , Yu Hongguang , Cao Juntian , Geng Zhengqi , Wang Zhiyuan , Wen Haoran , Zhang Enquan , Tan Hao , Zhang Yu , Jiang Dongwei , Xu Yingqiang , Ni Haiqiao , Yang Chengao , Niu Zhichuan
Published: February 2025

We demonstrate a phase-locked antimonide laser array with an integrated monolithic Talbot cavity. Both simulations and experimental results confirm effective mode discrimination. Arrays with 15 and 23 elements were designed and fabricated, delivering the maximum powers of 0.80 W and 1.14 W under continuous-wave operation, respectively. Furthermore, the devices exhibit a far-field pattern with a strong central main lobe from threshold current to full power current, indicating the preferential support of the in-phase coherent mode. The measured minimum full width at half-maximum of the central lobe is approximately 2°. The demonstrated stable mode selection capability, scalability, cost-effectiveness, and compatibility with conventional fabrication technologies highlight the significant potential for achieving higher output power and excellent beam quality, offering promising applications in mid-infrared laser systems.
Terahertz non-reciprocal transmission in silicon photonic crystal metasurfaces with high-Q quasi-bound states
Authors: Liu Ya-li , Li Jiu-sheng , Xiong Ri-hui , Hu Jian-rong
Published: February 2025

Non-reciprocal devices can be used to protect terahertz radiation sources and detectors from system echo reflection and noise interference. We propose an asymmetric groove silicon photonic crystal cylindrical metasurface, which generates high-Q quasi-bound states (q-BIC) and enhances nonlinearity. At terahertz wave incident intensity of 0.28 MW/cm2, the isolation of the proposed structure reaches 34.28 dB. By studying the transition mechanism of nonlinear metasurfaces from BIC to q-BIC through multi-level decomposition and electromagnetic fields, the influence of structural parameters and terahertz wave incidence angle on achieving non-reciprocal transmission performance of terahertz waves is analyzed. The idea of designing non-reciprocal transmission devices using high-Q q-BIC metasurfaces can be extended to the microwave and optical wave regions.
Capacetes de bicicleta...usar ou não usar? Perceção e atitudes dos Encarregados de Educação relativamente ao uso do capacete nas crianças, no concelho da Figueira da Foz (2015)
Authors: Eufrásio Ricardo , Lopes Fernando , Vitória Fernanda , Branco Manuela , Cardoso Manuela
Published: February 2025

É crescente a preocupação relativa ao impacto dos traumatismos cranioencefálicos nos acidentes de bicicleta. Reconhecendo-se o papel fundamental dos encarregados de educação na adoção de comportamentos de segurança, realizou-se um estudo, para caracterizar as respetivas perceções e atitudes relativamente ao uso do capacete pelos educandos no Concelho da Figueira da Foz. Definiu-se uma amostra de 149 encarregados com educandos ciclistas, inscritos e utilizadores da consulta de saúde infantil e juvenil (5-6 anos de idade) no Centro de Saúde da Figueira da Foz, no ano de 2015. Aplicou-se questionário, medindo as motivações relativamente à utilização da bicicleta e do capacete. Incluíram-se as variáveis independentes num modelo de análise de regressão logística múltipla, calculando-se os Odds Ratios ajustados. A maioria dos encarregados (90,5 %) consideram o capacete o equipamento mais importante para a criança usar ao circular de bicicleta. No entanto, “anda poucas vezes de bicicleta”, “nunca pensei nisso” e “não é necessário”, são indicados como motivos para não possuir capacete. A taxa global de utilização do capacete pelas crianças é de 57,7%. Identificou-se a sua utilização pelos encarregados como principal determinante na respetiva utilização pela criança (Ora:12,8;IC95 %:3,87-42,34; p<0,05). É evidente a influência positiva dos encarregados de educação na utilização do capacete pelas crianças, tendo estes um papel fundamental no respetivo incentivo. As equipas de saúde familiar poderão ter um impacto relevante na promoção do uso do capacete de bicicleta, introduzindo a temática na valorização dos cuidados antecipatórios, envolvendo ativamente as crianças e respetivas famílias.
Problém subsumpce správních aktů
Authors: Staša Josef
Published: February 2025

Subsumption (or consolidation) is intended to designate a link between administrative decisions (acts), where the resultant and final administrative decision is preceded by one or more conditioning administrative decisions with their binding effect reflected in the final decision. The adoption of the conditioning decisions is arranged through the administrative authority competent to pass the final decision. The conditioning decisions are not separately communicated to the person concerned and it is upon the notification of the final decision that they come into legal force and effect. Examples of subsumption in positive law can be found primarily in the area of trades licencing law and building law. In the theory of subsumption, the reviews of the conditioning and final decisions shall primarily be dealt with, as well as the consequences of nullity or failure to pass the conditioning decision and the implications of a variance between a final decision and a conditioning one. The efficiency of the legal procedure based on subsumption is rather low mainly because it has not been sufficiently worked out. The solution rests either in perfectioning the procedure or replacing subsumption by another type of consolidated decision-making, e.g. through a successive or integrated decision making.
Úvahy o civilním procesu nad kodexem soukromého práva
Authors: Winterová Alena
Published: February 2025

The article contemplates how civil procedure will respond to the new Private Law Code. The Czech civil procedure is currently regulated by Act No. 99/1963, the Code of Civil Procedure, which has been amended 55 times since its adoption. The author expresses her conviction that the new Private Law Code cannot be adopted singularly, i.e. without adoption of a new civil procedure. However, currently there are no plans for writing a new Code of Civil Procedure, and that appears to be a serious problem. Further, to justify the opinion that the civil code and civil procedure must be recodified simultaneously, the author gives and comments upon numerous examples which show the complementary nature of substantive and procedural rules. And finally, the article discusses some broader conceptual issues of civil procedure in the future: differentiation between adversary and non-adversary proceedings, the system of remedies, and the level of formalism of civil procedure.
Nájemní smlouva – quo vadis?
Authors: Salač Josef
Published: February 2025

As considered from both historical and modem perspectives, the institute of the lease contract appears to be irreplaceable within the ambit of civil law. Newly prepared codification of the Civil Code should regulate not only the simple lease (e. g. of premises) but also the lease of agricultural land where proceeds are kept by the lessee. The lease contract should be provided for in one title of the Code, which should be subdivided into general and special parts. The latter should subsume individual types of lease, such as the lease of residential premises, non residential lease, the lease of business, etc. Thus, the existing fragmentation of the topic, where some provisions are contained in the Civil Code, some in the Commercial Code, others in the special act regulating leases and subleases of non-residential premises, should be removed. The whole issue should return within the scope of private law, and anomalies should be eliminated, such as the compulsory sanctioning of the notice of termination of the lease by court, extremely liberal provisions for a leased fiat to pass on to another person, the state control and regulation of rent with respect to some flats, etc. New codification should also reflect the European law in this field. One example may be mentioned in this context, namely the existing institute of time-sharing. Both the lessor and lessee should enjoy legal protection which may not be to the prejudice of the other party. The freedom of contract should be considered the most significant principle. In conclusion, it should be noted with regret that the well-established Austrian General Civil Code ceased to apply in Czechoslovakia in 1950, having been the source of Czech law between 1811 and 1950, and has never been re-installed although it is still in full operation in Austria.
Evropský kontext úpravy společností v novém obchodním zákonu
Authors: Čech Petr
Published: February 2025

In the process of recodifying the Czech company law, only an insufficient attention is being paid to the larger European context. This circumstance might result in serious deficiencies of the final proposal of the new Commercial Act. As a future EU Member State, the Czech Republic cannot afford to ignore the sometimes radical corporate law reform undertaken in both national jurisdictions of the other Member States, and the EC law itself. After the break-through decisions of the ECJ in the Centros and most recently in the Ueberseering Cases and with other instruments opening the gates for corporate migration and mobility throughout the Single Market (such as the Statute for the Societas Europaea), national legislators must endeavour to produce a modern set of corporate rules, capable of competing with those of the other Member States. The purpose of the article is to analyse some of the main motives and projects of the pan-european corporate law reform and to draw the attention of the authors of the new Commercial Act as well as that of the professional public to selected modem approaches and trends in company law development, which are to be taken into account, should a massive future corporate exodus from the territory of the Czech Republic be successfully prevented.