bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Scalable and Robust Online Learning for AI-powered Networked Systems
Authors: Liu Xutong
Published: January 2025

In today's world of pervasive connectivity and intelligent technologies, modern networked systems-ranging from sprawling data centers to large-scale Internet of Things (IoT) systems-have grown by leaps and bounds, unlocking numerous transformative services, like smart cities, immersive mixed reality, and generative artificial intelligence (AI). Traditional network optimization and resource allocation methods-built around static models-are increasingly unable to keep up with the evolving demands of these largescale environments. AI-driven solutions are emerging as game-changers, enabling networked systems to process massive streams of data in real time and adapt seamlessly to ever-changing demands. For instance, AI-powered softwaredefined networking (SDN) controllers can instantly reroute traffic in data centers to prevent congestion, while reinforcement learning (RL)-based task offloading can intelligently allocate resources in massive IoT systems. These advancements make AI central to the next generation of intelligent, adaptive network ecosystems.
High Glucose‐Induced Senescent Fibroblasts‐Derived Exosomal miR‐497 Inhibits Wound Healing by Regulating Endothelial Cellular Autophagy via ATG13
Authors: Liu Changjiang , Liu Yuting , Yu Yifeng , Huang Siyuan , Sun Chao , Zhang Dong , Yu Aixi
Published: January 2025

Background: Fibroblasts play a crucial role in diabetic wound healing, and their senescence is the cause of delayed wound repair. It was reported that fibroblasts can secrete exosomes that can mediate a vital role in diabetic complications. Our purpose is to examine the biological function of high glucose (HG)‐induced senescent fibroblasts from the perspective of exosomes and reveal the mechanism at cellular and animal levels.

Methods: HG‐induced senescent fibroblasts were measured by senescence‐associated β‐galactosidase staining and immunofluorescence. Flow cytometry, 5‐ethynyl‐2′‐deoxyuridine (edu), and cell counting kit 8 (CCK‐8) assay were applied to detect apoptosis and cell viability. Fibroblasts and endothelial cells were cocultured, and the migration and angiogenesis abilities were detected by scratch, transwell, and tube formation assays. Exosomes were isolated and identified from fibroblasts that were treated differently. Then, the function of exosomes was investigated in cells and mice, including examining the cellular phenotype changes, detecting the autophagy levels, and evaluating the wound healing rate. Furthermore, the potential mechanism by which senescent fibroblast‐derived exosomes inhibit wound healing was examined via bioinformatics, real‐time quantitive polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), transfection, and dual‐luciferase assays.

Results: It illustrated that HG‐induced senescent fibroblasts exhibited adverse impacts on cellular proliferation, migration, and angiogenesis of endothelial cells via secreting exosomes, and senescent fibroblast‐derived exosomes (S‐Exos) can delay skin wound defects in mice. Subsequent differential analysis of the GSE153214 and GSE48417 datasets elucidated that miR‐497 was the biomarker in the senescent fibroblasts. Interestingly, the miR‐497 levels were also elevated in S‐Exos. Its overexpression can regulate human umbilical vein endothelial cell function by regulating autophagy via targeting ATG13. Furthermore, in vivo experiments also illustrated that miR‐497 can delay wound healing and reduce autophagy.

Conclusions: Our study demonstrated that exosomes from senescent fibroblasts can impair endothelial cell function and impede diabetic wound healing. The underlying mechanism was that fibroblast‐derived exosomal miR‐497 can target ATG13 to reduce autophagy, offering insight into new therapy for diabetic complications and other diseases.
Isolation and Evaluation of Potential Use of Prebiotics—Utilizing Butyrate‐Producing Bacteria in Nibea coibor
Authors: Li Zhongzhen , Tran Ngoc Tuan , Zhang Ming , Li Zhaoxi , Yang Wanying , Wang Shuqi , Hu Zhong , Li Shengkang
Published: January 2025

Butyrate‐producing bacteria (BPB) benefit the health of aquatic animals. This current study aimed to isolate BPB from the intestines of Nibea coibor and assess their probiotic potential. The results showed that nine isolates were obtained in vitro from the gut of N. coibor, including six Clostridium butyricum, two Proteocatella sphenisci, and one Fusobacterium varium. The representative bacteria, C. butyricum CG‐3 and P. sphenisci DG‐1, which produce high butyrate levels, were further studied for short‐chain fatty acid (SCFA) production and antibiotic susceptibility. The effects of BPB singly (CB: basal diet + CG‐3 and PS: basal diet + DG‐1, at 107 CFU/g) or in combination with galactooligosaccharides (GOS) (0.5%) and inulin (0.5%) (CBIG) or D‐sorbitol (0.5%) (PSGS) on the growth and health status of N. coibor were investigated. Results showed an increase in growth parameters in the CB, CBIG, and PSGS groups, except for the PS group. Alterations in intestinal microbiota (including diversity, abundance, and function) were observed in four experimental groups (CB, CBIG, PS, and PSGS groups). SCFA contents increased in treated groups; butyrate production was positively related to bacterial abundance. Compared to control, levels of complement C3, complement C4, immunoglobulin M (IgM), transforming growth factor‐β (TGF‐β), interleukin (IL)‐10, IL‐1β, and lysozyme (LZM) increased, while malondialdehyde (MDA) decreased in treated groups. Contents of IL‐6 (PS and PSGS groups), tumor necrosis factor‐alpha (TNF‐α) (CB, PS, and PSGS groups), total antioxidant capacity (T‐AOC) (CB and PS groups), total superoxide dismutase (T‐SOD) (PS group), catalase (CAT) (CB and PSGS groups), and activities of amylase (PS and PSGS groups), trypsin (CB group), and lipase (CBIG group) were increased. Our results suggested the potential use of C. butyricum CG‐1 or P. sphenisci DG‐1 singly or in combination with prebiotics improved growth and health conditions in N. coibor.
Decavanadate Compound Displays In Vitro and In Vivo Antitumor Effect on Melanoma Models
Authors: Essid Amine , Elbini Ines , Ksiksi Regaya , Harrab Nardine , Moslah Wassim , Jendoubi Imen , Doghri Raoudha , Zid Mohamed-Faouzi , Luis José , Srairi-Abid Najet
Published: January 2025

The efficacy of available treatments for melanoma is limited by side effects and the rapidly emerging resistance to treatment. In this context, the decavanadate compounds represent promising tools to design efficient therapeutic agents. In our study, we synthesized a dimagnesium disodium decavanadate icosahydrate compound (Mg2Na2V10O28·20H2O) and investigated its structure stability as well as its antimelanoma effects. Results showed that the Mg2Na2V10O28·20H2O compound is structured in a monoclinic system with the space group C2/c, stabilized by oxygen vertices, hydrogen bonds, and van der Waals interactions. Interestingly, we found that this newly synthesized compound reduced the viability of human (IGR39, IGR37, and SKMEL28) and murine (B16‐F10) melanoma cells in a dose‐dependent manner. The IC50 values ranged from 7.3 to 18 μM after 24 h and decreased to 1.4 μM after 72 h of treatment. Notably, this effect was more important than that of cisplatin (IC50 = 3 μM after 72 h of treatment), a chemotherapeutic agent, commonly used in the treatment of malignant melanoma. Furthermore, the cytotoxicity of the decavanadate compound was relatively weak on normal human keratinocytes (HaCaT), with a light effect (IC50 >> 70 μM) observed after 24 h of treatment. Thus, the Mg2Na2V10O28·20H2O compound displayed an advantage over cisplatin, which was reported to be much more aggressive to the keratinocyte cell line (IC50 = 23.9 μM). Moreover, it inhibited dose‐dependently the adhesion of IGR39 cells to collagen (IC50 = 2.67 μM) and fibronectin, as well as their migration with an IC50 value of 2.23 μM. More interestingly, its in vivo administration to B16‐F10 allografted mice, at the nontoxic dose of 50 μg (2.5 mg/kg), prevented and suppressed by 70% the tumor growth, compared to the nontreated mice. Moreover, this compound has also allowed a recovery against inflammation induced in mice by a mixture of DMBA and croton oil. Thus, all our results showed the potential of the Mg2Na2V10O28·20H2O compound to prevent and efficiently treat the growth and metastasis of melanoma.
A Case Report of Chlamydia psittaci Infective Endocarditis Complicated With Pneumonia
Authors: Zhao Dongmei , Zhang Li , Sun Qiulin , Cheng Jun
Published: January 2025

Psittacosis is a zoonotic disease caused by Chlamydia psittaci and is commonly found in birds and poultry. Human infection is uncommon, and most cases are sporadic. Infection of extrapulmonary organs by Chlamydia psittaci is extremely rare. A rare case of infective endocarditis complicated by pneumonia caused by Chlamydia psittaci was reported, which was diagnosed using metagenomic next‐generation sequencing (mNGS). The patient recovered after receiving appropriate anti‐infective treatment. Discussion on the pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment of this disease based on recent literature reports aimed to improve the prognosis of similar patients and enhance the understanding of clinicians.
Deep Learning Algorithms for Assessment of Post‐Thyroidectomy Scar Subtype
Authors: Chu Yuseong , Jung Seung-Won , Lee Solam , Lee Sang Gyun , Heo Yeon-Woo , Lee Sang-Hoon , Chang Hang-Seok , Lee Yong Sang , Kim Seok-Mo , Lee Sang Eun , Oh Byungho , Roh Mi Ryung , Yang Sejung
Published: January 2025

The rising incidence of thyroid cancer globally is increasing the number of thyroidectomies, causing visible scars that can greatly affect the quality of life due to cosmetic, psychological, and social impacts. In this study, we explored the application of deep learning algorithms to objectively assess post‐thyroidectomy scar morphology using computer‐aided diagnosis. This study was approved by the Institutional Review Board of Yonsei University College of Medicine (approval no. 3‐2021‐051). A dataset comprising 7524 clinical photographs from 3565 patients with post‐thyroidectomy scars was utilized. We developed a deep learning model using a convolutional neural network (CNN), specifically the ResNet 50 model and introduced a multiple clinical photography learning (MCPL) method. The MCPL method aimed to enhance the model’s understanding by considering characteristics from multiple images of the same lesion per patient. The primary outcome, measured by the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC), demonstrated the superior performance of the MCPL model in classifying scar subtypes compared to a baseline model. Confidence variation analysis showed reduced discrepancies in the MCPL model, emphasizing its robustness. Furthermore, we conducted a decision study involving five physicians to evaluate the MCPL model’s impact on diagnostic accuracy and agreement. Results of the decision study indicated enhanced accuracy and reliability in scar subtype determination when the confidence scores of the MCPL model were integrated into decision‐making. Our findings suggest that deep learning, particularly the MCPL method, is an effective and reliable tool for objectively classifying post‐thyroidectomy scar subtypes. This approach holds promise for assisting professionals in improving diagnostic precision, aiding therapeutic planning, and ultimately enhancing patient outcomes in the management of post‐thyroidectomy scars.
Reasons and Features of Patients Who Leave the Emergency Department Without Being Seen
Authors: Abuguyan Fahad , Alhusainy Abdulaziz , Alsuliman Omar , Alqahtani Sarah , Alrajhi Abdulrahman
Published: January 2025

Background: Emergency medicine practitioners encounter significant challenges related to patients who leave emergency departments (EDs) without being seen (LWBS) in the ED. We aimed to assess the characteristics, reasons, and rate of patients who left without being seen in the tertiary teaching hospital ED of King Khalid University Hospital in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.

Methods: A qualitative prospective observational study was conducted from January 4, 2023, to May 17, 2023, among patients who left the ED without being seen in the King Khalid University Hospital, King Saud University Medical City, a tertiary hospital in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Data were collected from the ED administrative database, phone surveys, and electronic files of the identified patients. Phone interviews with questionnaires were conducted with patients participating in the study within 1 week of their ED visit.

Results: During the study period, 16,682 patients visited the adult ED and 636 (3.81%) remained unseen; 300 patients met the study criteria. Of these, 288 (96%) arrived at the hospital via private car and 12 (4%) used ambulances. Trauma and gastrointestinal, neurological, and cardiovascular complaints were the most common, reported by 24.33%, 18.33%, 12%, and 10% of patients, respectively. In our study, 55 patients (18.3%) experienced prolonged waiting times of more than four hours before leaving the ED. Most patients (75%) inquired about the reasons for not being seen by a physician while waiting; 137 (45.6%) asked a receptionist, 117 (39%) asked a nurse, and 28 (9.3%) asked a doctor. According to 76 (25.3%) patients, they should not have to wait, whereas 82 (27.3%) said that they should wait for an hour. When asked whether they would visit the same ED in the future, 213 (71%) answered yes and 87 (29%) answered no.

Conclusion: We conclude that in our center, prolonged waiting time and ED overcrowding are the main reasons why patients leave the ED without seeing a physician. Younger patients are more prone to LWBS, with trauma and gastroenterological complaints being the most common presenting symptoms. The LWBS rate was 3.81% of the total ED visits during the study period.
Feed Resources, Feeding Practice, and Performance of Crossbred Dairy Cows in Wondogenet District, Southern Ethiopia
Authors: Gelaye Haregua , Tadele Yilkal , Worku Alemayehu
Published: January 2025

Assessment on feed resources, feeding practice, and reproductive and productive performance of crossbred dairy cows was carried out in Wondogenet District. Multistage purposive and random sampling methods were used to select kebeles and respondent households. The results indicate that the major available feeds in the study area are natural pasture, crop residues, and improved forage. About 51% of respondents practice stall feeding for their crossbred dairy cattle. Seasonality (20.3%), scarcity (26.4%), cost (37.6%), and lack of awareness on improved feeding (15.7%) are feed‐associated constraints in the study area. Average age at first service (AFS), age at first calving (AFC), days open (DO), calving interval (CI), and number of service per conception (NSC) were 26.41 ± 5.35, 36.125 ± 5.4, 6.98 ± 2.87, 16.7 ± 3.2, and 1.93 ± 0.99, respectively. Lactation length (LL) in months, lactation milk yield (LMY), and daily milk yield (DMY) were 10.43 ± 1.73, 2084.9 ± 88.19, and 6.71 ± 1.92, respectively. Similarly, weaning age (WA) and age feed start (AFS) of new born calves were 4.46 ± 1.5 and 3.25 ± 0.905, respectively. Awareness on improved feed management and feeding practices should be created for households ultimately to improve productivity of cows.
The Prevalence and Progression of Microvascular Complications and the Interaction With Ethnicity and Socioeconomic Status in People With Type 2 Diabetes: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Alobaid Thamer , Karalliedde Janaka , O’Connell Matthew DL , Gnudi Luigi , Sheehan Katie , Lim Ka Keat , Ayis Salma
Published: January 2025

Introduction: Diabetic nephropathy (DN) and diabetic retinopathy (DR) are serious complications of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The reported estimates of prevalence and progression of DN and DR vary widely across studies. We undertook a systematic review and meta‐analysis to determine the extent to which these variations in prevalence and progression of DN and DR may relate to different ethnic groups and socioeconomic status (SES).

Methods: We searched the databases Ovid MEDLINE, Global Health, APA Psych Info, Embase, and PubMed for publications from 2005 to September 2023, based on T2DM and DN or DR, which included patient’s ethnicities and SES. Prevalence estimates were summarized by meta‐analysis using random effects models for each microvascular complication, stratified by ethnicity and SES. Data on progression was summarized narratively.

Results: Twenty‐seven studies were included. The overall prevalence of DN was 18% (95% CI: 14%, 22%) with no differences noted by ethnic group. Low economic status and low education levels were associated with a 4% increased risk of DN compared to higher levels. Higher prevalence of DR was noted among the Afro‐Caribbeans, 28% (95% CI: 11%, 46%), compared to the White/Caucasian 19% (95% CI: 11%, 27%), and Asian/Indo Asians 25% (95% CI: 9%, 41%). Low‐SES populations have a higher prevalence of DR than high‐SES populations. The average prevalence was 16% (95% CI: 11%, 22%) among the high economic status group, compared to 25% (95% CI:20%, 30%) for the low economic status. Our study showed that Black ethnicity was associated with a higher risk of progression to end‐stage renal disease (ESRD) and diabetic maculopathy compared to other ethnicities. People with high SES had a lower rate of DR progression than those with low SES, odds ratio (OR) (0.63, 95% CI: 53%, 74%).

Conclusion: Ethnicity and SES may be associated with differential risk of development and progression of DN and DR. The available evidence was limited by the number of studies and small samples for certain ethnic/socioeconomic groups.
Proteomic Identification and Functional Analysis of Babesia microti Reveals Heparin‐Binding Proteins
Authors: Cai Yu Chun , Xu Bin , Chu Yan Hong , Yu Ying Fang , Sun Jia Hui , Mo Zi Ran , Yang Han Yin , Yan Shu Ning , Chen Mu Xin , Chen Jia Xu
Published: January 2025

Glycosaminoglycan (GAG) molecules on the surface of red blood cells play an important regulatory role in the invasion of merozoites of apicomplexan protozoa. Heparan sulfate, a type of GAG molecule, has been identified as an important receptor facilitating the invasion of red blood cells by these parasites. Proteins in the parasite that exhibit strong affinity for heparin may play a pivotal role in this invasion process. This study aims to use proteomics to identify Babesia microti proteins with high binding affinity to heparin. Bioinformatics was utilized to analyze the subcellular localization and biological functions of these proteins. Candidate genes encoding proteins with strong heparin affinity will be expressed in a prokaryotic system to produce recombinant proteins. The interaction between these recombinant proteins and heparin will be characterized through heparin‐binding experiments and other methods. Initially, a mouse model of B. microti was established and high‐density B. microti were obtained. Heparin affinity chromatography was then used to purify natural B. microti proteins that can bind to heparin, identifying 186 B. microti proteins via ESI‐MS that specifically interact with heparin. Further studies were carried out to analyze those specific proteins with unique peptide segments of two or more, yielding 15 B. microti proteins, most of which are cell surface proteins and secretory proteins. Based on mass spectrometry identification and subsequent analyses, BMSA5‐1‐1, B. microti peptidyl‐prolyl cis‐trans isomerase (BmPPIase), and chaperonin were selected for further study due to their potential impact on the invasion of red blood cells by B. microti. These candidate proteins were expressed as recombinant proteins using a prokaryotic expression system. In vitro heparin‐binding assays demonstrated that these recombinant proteins specifically bind to heparin. Notably, BmPPIase and chaperonin recombinant proteins exhibited activity in specific heparin binding. Molecular interaction studies further confirmed the strong interaction between BmPPIase and heparin. In conclusion, this study used proteomic methods to identify 186 specific B. microti proteins with specific binding affinity to heparin, providing in‐depth analysis of 15 key proteins. The findings confirmed that BmPPIase and chaperonin specifically bind to heparin, with molecular interaction experiments substantiating the strong interaction between BmPPIase and heparin.
Dynamic Modeling of Prevention and Control of Brucellosis in China: A Systematic Review
Authors: Yang Liu , Fan Meng , Wang Youming
Published: January 2025

Brucellosis is a zoonotic infectious disease caused by bacteria of the genus Brucella. In recent years, the prevalence of brucellosis in animals and humans has been increasing in China despite the considerable efforts taken to date. Dynamic model serves as an influential and promising approach for offering guidance and recommendations for the prevention and control of the disease. At this pivotal moment, it is time to provide a comprehensive and timely examination of the existing achievements derived from the mathematical dynamical modeling studies, highlight the key development trends, delve into identifying the limitations of the studies, and offer valuable perspectives and insights for potential future research directions. Through a review of 49 articles (22 articles utilizing data while 27 articles did not use data), this study focuses on analyzing the differences in model structure, research data and areas, characterization of prevention and control measures, and main results. Meanwhile, quantitative results such as the reproduction number and critical parameter values are extracted. The study points out that the limitations of existing models are manifested in the lack of heterogeneity in the research and the absence of the results on the scale of herd/flock. The primary reason is the lack of relevant data, indicating the necessity to advance interdisciplinary, multidisciplinary, and transdisciplinary collaboration across multiple departments. Therefore, it is encouraged that the future models should be established from the holistic approach of One Health.
The impact of SGLT2 inhibitors on dementia onset in patients with type 2 diabetes - A meta-analysis of cohort studies
Authors: Pan Jiani , Yang Huiping , Lu Jiatong , Chen Ling , Wen Tian , Zhao Shijie , Shi Liye
Published: January 2025

Introduction: Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors have demonstrated neuroprotective effects and hold potential advantages in enhancing cognitive function. This study aims to clarify the association between SGLT2 inhibitors and the risk of dementia among individuals diagnosed with type 2 diabetes (T2D).
Methods: All cohort studies concerning the impact of SGLT2 inhibitors on dementia onset in patients with T2D were identified. The literature search encompassed PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science from establishment to Mar 2024, with no language restriction. The quality of the literature was evaluated using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS). Meta-analysis was conducted using RevMan5.4 software, calculating pooled risk ratios (RRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) for dichotomous outcomes.
Results: Five cohort studies encompassing a total of 331908 patients were included in the analysis. The findings showed that individuals receiving SGLT2 inhibitors had a lower risk of dementia (I2 = 42%, P = 0.14; RR: 0.77; 95% CI: 0.71-0.84) compared to the control group. Subgroup analyses confirmed the consistent beneficial effects of SGLT2 inhibitors across different study regions (I2=0%, P=0.60) and genders (I2=0%, P=0.50).
Conclusions: SGLT2 inhibitors may reduce the dementia risk in T2D patients. Given the limitations of the study, further investigations were warranted to confirm the benefits.
Detection of GFAP and D‐Dimer in a Point‐of‐Care Test for Large Vessel Occlusion Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Gaude Edoardo , Murphy Danielle , Gerstl Jakob V.E. , Kappel Ari D. , Dmytriw Adam A. , Nawabi Noah L.A. , Izzy Saef , Guardia Rodolfo E. Alcedo , Vicenty‐Padilla Juan C. , Gropen Toby , Patel Nirav J. , Liebeskind David S. , Siddiqui Adnan H. , See Alfred Pokmeng , Aziz‐Sultan Mohammed A. , Bernstock Joshua D.
Published: January 2025

BACKGROUND

The blood biomarkers GFAP (glial fibrillary acidic protein)  and D‐dimer have been shown to accurately diagnose large vessel occlusion ischemic stroke. The Upfront DX LVOne is a novel lateral flow‐based point‐of‐care test used for the detection of GFAP and D‐dimer. This study sought to (1) assess the performance of LVOne against commercially available point‐of‐care test platforms, which independently detect GFAP and D‐dimer (Abbott iSTAT TBI Plasma and LumiraDx D‐dimer), and to (2) assess the diagnostic performance of LVOne in large vessel occlusion detection.

METHODS

Manufacturer‐reported detection thresholds of the LVOne test for GFAP and D‐dimer (213 pg/mL and 600 ng/mL, respectively) were compared against commercial hospital‐based point‐of‐care test platforms using 20 randomly selected plasma samples for each biomarker. D‐dimer correlation between LVOne and LumiraDx was assessed using Spearman's Rank correlation coefficient; GFAP correlation between LVOne and the Abbott iSTAT TBI results were assessed using point biserial correlation. Diagnostic performance of the LVOne point‐of‐care test in conjunction with clinical assessment for detection of large vessel occlusion in plasma samples from 210 patients with suspected stroke was validated.

RESULTS

There was a strong positive correlation (Rho = 0.86,
P
<0.001) between the qualitative scoring of the lateral flow test and serum GFAP concentrations. Similarly, there was a significant positive correlation between the D‐dimer quantification and LVOne semiquantitative measurements (Rho = 0.90;
P
<0.0001). In our cohort of 210 patients with suspected stroke, the LVOne test in conjunction with clinical assessment had a sensitivity of 75% (95% CI, 51%–91%), a specificity of 92% (95% CI, 87%–95%), a positive predictive value of 48% (95% CI, 30%–67%), and a negative predictive value of 97% (95% CI, 94%–99%) for detection of large vessel occlusion.

CONCLUSION

Our results validate detection thresholds for the LVOne test in a representative cohort of plasma samples of patients with suspected stroke. Further studies are required to demonstrate the efficacy, safety, and diagnostic performance of LVOne in capillary blood during emergency care/clinical triage.
Persistent Periventricular Anastomosis Associated With Rebleeding After Bypass Surgery for Hemorrhagic Moyamoya Disease
Authors: Hamano Eika , Funaki Takeshi , Kataoka Hiroharu , Hidaka Yu , Kikuchi Takayuki , Mineharu Yohei , Chihara Hideo , Yoshida Kazumichi , Takagi Yasushi , Takahashi Jun C. , Iihara Koji , Miyamoto Susumu , Arakawa Yoshiki
Published: January 2025

BACKGROUND

Although bypass surgery can reduce rebleeding risk in hemorrhagic moyamoya disease, the risk remaining after surgery is not negligible. We hypothesized that the postoperative persistence of periventricular anastomosis (PA), a fragile periventricular collateral manifestation, is associated with rebleeding.

METHODS

This retrospective cohort study included patients with moyamoya disease who underwent direct bypass at 2 institutions after hemorrhagic presentation. Either presence or absence of PA after surgery was radiologically determined by grading of each subtype, lenticulostriate, thalamic, or choroidal anastomosis, 3–6 months after surgery. The time interval between the surgery and the rebleeding event or last visit was calculated.

RESULTS

Of 116 eligible patients comprising 232 hemispheres, 172 hemispheres underwent surgery. Rebleeding occurred in 16 hemispheres of 15 patients (2.0% per person‐year) during the median follow‐up period of 6.3 years. The hemisphere‐based annual rebleeding rate was 2.0% in the PA‐positive hemispheres as compared with 0.46% in the PA‐negative hemispheres. The adjusted hazard ratio of rebleeding for positive PA relative to negative PA was 4.11 (95% CI, 1.07–15.82). Among subtypes of PA, lenticulostriate anastomosis was the most likely to persist after surgery (34 of 62 anastomoses) and to cause rebleeding (8 of 16 hemispheres).

CONCLUSION

The persistence of PA, especially that of lenticulostriate anastomosis, might be associated with rebleeding after surgery. This suggests the importance of assessing and optimally managing PA for improving long‐term outcomes.
Hans Bender in Conversation with Carl Jung
Authors: Yiassemides Angeliki , Wittmann Marc
Published: January 2025

In 1960, a year before Carl Jung’s death, the German parapsychologist Hans Bender met with him to ask his opinion regarding a sequence of strange events that transpired in the previous years. During this meeting, Bender would reveal to Jung the multiple synchronicities that surrounded his mother’s death. In turn, Jung offered his interpretation and elaborated on topics that he had rarely done in the previous years, touching on parapsychological matters, life after death, participation mystique between mother and son, and then nature of time. In this article we elaborate on this discussion by referring to recent conceptualizations and empirical findings regarding death awareness, altered states of consciousness, as well as empirical studies in anomalous cognition, such as precognition and presentiment.
The Creative Psyche
Authors: Roesler Christian
Published: January 2025

This paper presents Carl Gustav Jung’s theoretical model for the use of creative methods in psychotherapy. An overview is provided of applications of this model in the fields of Sandplay Therapy, art therapies, and therapeutic dream work. An overview is given of empirical studies in these fields investigating the effectiveness of such therapeutic approaches; to some extent, also the validity of the theoretical model has been tested. There is solid support for both effectiveness and the theoretical model in the field of Sandplay Therapy, to some extent also in the field of dream work. In contrast, there is still a need for more research in the field of art therapies. The specific needs for future research and some potential perspectives are outlined.
Review of Gary Clark, Carl Jung and the Evolutionary Sciences: A New Vision for Analytical Psychology. London and New York: Routledge, 2025
Authors: Swogger Benjamin J.
Published: January 2025

Carl Jung and the Evolutionary Sciences: A New Vision for Analytical Psychology by Gary Clark returns to the anthropological theories of Jung’s time to assess whether they, and those of Jung’s ideas informed by them, remain useful for contemporary Jungian research in light of more recent scientific advances. This essay presents Clark’s central claims, including his validation of Jung’s use of supposedly discredited evolutionary beliefs, and evaluates whether Clark’s project truly represents ‘a new vision for analytical psychology’.
An annotated checklist of flora of Drass valley (Ladakh), India
Authors: BANOO SAKINA , GANIE AIJAZ HASSAN , KHUROO ANZAR AHMAD
Published: January 2025

In this study, an annotated checklist of the flora of Drass valley, located in the Trans-Himalaya region of Ladakh, is presented. The checklist is based on extensive field explorations conducted from 2019–2022, and records 518 species belonging to 286 genera and 66 families from the study area. These include 464 dicot, 48 monocot, and 6 gymnosperm species. Asteraceae contributed the highest number of 78 species, followed by Fabaceae (32 spp.) and Brassicaceae (31 spp.). Astragalus was the dominant genera with 13 species, followed by Potentilla (10 spp.) and Corydalis (9 spp.). Herbs were the most prevalent growthform (442 spp., 85.33%), followed by subshrubs (33 spp., 6.37%), shrubs (26 spp., 5.02%), trees (15 spp., 2.9%) and climbers with only two species (0.39%). Perennials were predominant contributing 390 species, followed by annuals (98 spp.) and biennials (30 spp.). Habitat-wise, the steppe grasslands harbour the highest number of 183 species, followed by agri-fields (151 spp.), and alpine meadows (138 spp.). Our results reveal that this coldspot, comprising just 0.25% area of the entire Ladakh, harbours about half of the total floristic diversity known from this Trans-Himalayan region. Looking ahead, the present study will form scientific baseline for undertaking advanced research studies in the region, and guide formulation of policy and management strategies towards conservation and sustainable use of the plant resources in this second coldest human-inhabited area of the world.
Bauhinia s.s. (Fabaceae−Cercidoideae) from Baixada Cuiabana, Mato Grosso, Brazil: a neglected center of diversity for the genus
Authors: AMORIM DANIELE DOS SANTOS DE , PESSOA EDLLEY
Published: January 2025

Baixada Cuiabana (Cuiabá lowlands) is a region in the south-central part of the state of Mato Grosso, comprehending the Pantanal and Cerrado phytogeographical domains. The flora of the region is scarcely known, but high levels of plant diversity are expected. Therefore, the goal of the present study is to contribute to the taxonomy of genus Bauhinia in Baixada Cuiabana, presenting a taxonomic synopsis with descriptions, identification keys, typifications, photographs, geographical distribution data and taxonomic commentary. We confirm the occurrence of 16 species of Bauhinia in the study area, corresponding to 73% of the species of the genus registered in the state of Mato Grosso, and ca. 25% of the Brazilian species. Given the reduced geographical area, the region can be considered a neglected center of diversity of the genus. Among the recorded species, five are endemic to Brazil, two of which are restricted to Baixada Cuiabana: B. caloneura Malme and B. malmeana Vaz & Lewis. Besides, five lectotypifications are presented for B. bauhinioides, B. holophylla, B. longifolia, B. marginata, and B. pentandra, three second-step lectotypifications for B. caloneura, B. cupulata and B. pulchella, and one neotypification for B. brevipes.
A new species of Tamdaora Gorochov, 1998 (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae: Meconematinae) from Yunnan, China
Authors: CUI ZHENZHEN , BIAN XUN
Published: January 2025

Tamdaora spina sp. nov. is described and illustrated. Meanwhile, to help distinguish the new species, we provided the morphological illustrations of Tamdaora magnifica Gorochov, 1998 for comparison. All the specimens were deposited in Guangxi Normal University. This discovery increases the number of Tamdaora species in China from three to four.
Association of smartphone and internet addiction with mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Pham Phuong Thu Thi , Thai Truc Thanh , Huynh Ha Khanh Mai , Nguyen Linh Thuy Ngoc , Nguyen An Thu Thi , Duong Mai Huynh Thi , Bui Han Hy Thi
Published: January 2025

Background:

Excessive use of smartphones and the Internet can lead to addiction and may increase the risk of developing mental disorders, particularly in the context of the COVID-19 outbreak.

Objective:

This systematic review and meta-analysis synthesized the existing literature reporting the impact of smartphone and Internet addiction on mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods:

A systematic search was performed on two databases, PubMed and EMBASE, following the PRISMA guidelines to identify articles conducted from December 2019 when the COVID-19 pandemic began to emerge. Studies were selected based on pre-defined criteria and assessed for quality before inclusion in the meta-analysis. The main effect estimate gathered from eligible studies was the odds ratio, which was computed using the random-effects model.

Results:

Our findings demonstrated significant associations between Internet addiction and depression (OR = 4.09, 95% CI [3.28, 5.09]), Internet addiction and anxiety (OR = 3.08, 95% CI [2.08, 4.57]), smartphone addiction and depression (OR = 3.82, 95% CI [3.31, 4.40]), and smartphone addiction and anxiety (OR = 4.81, 95% CI [3.81, 6.07]) during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Conclusion:

This meta-analysis underscores that Internet and smartphone addiction increases the likelihood of developing mental disorders in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. During the outbreak of infectious diseases, it is imperative for nations to not only address economic and educational challenges but also prioritize the mental well-being of their citizens.
Experimental study of dynamic properties of CMC flat plates in oxidative environment
Authors: Wu Tao , Zhao Mingzhuo , Zheng ZhiKang , Gao Xiguang , Song Yingdong , Yang Ruimeng
Published: January 2025

Accelerated failure of CMC (Ceramic Matrix Composites) structural components in aero engines occurs under oxidative vibrational environments. This study investigates the failure mechanisms of CMCs under high-temperature oxidative vibrational conditions. Experiments were conducted to measure the vibrational response of CMC plates at 1200°C in oxygenated, non-oxygenated, and non-vibrational environments. Combined with techniques such as Energy-Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDS) and thermogravimetric analysis, the failure mechanisms of CMCs in oxidative vibrational environments were elucidated. The research results indicate that oxidation leads to a decline in the mass and mechanical properties of CMCs, resulting in a reduction in the natural frequency and response amplitude of CMC structures. The presence of vibrational loads causes the opening of matrix cracks, accelerating the oxidation of fibers within the CMC, thereby leading to a more significant decline in CMC plates’ performance and dynamic response.
Dasatinib and Quercetin Limit Gingival Senescence, Inflammation, and Bone Loss
Authors: Rattanaprukskul K. , Xia X.-J. , Hysa M. , Jiang M. , Hung M. , Suslavich S.F. , Sahingur S.E.
Published: January 2025

Cellular senescence has emerged as one of the central hallmarks of aging and drivers of chronic comorbidities, including periodontal diseases. Senescence can also occur in younger tissues and instigate metabolic alterations and dysfunction, culminating in accelerated aging and pathological consequences. Senotherapeutics, such as the combination of dasatinib and quercetin (DQ), are being increasingly used to improve the clinical outcomes of chronic disorders and promote a healthy life span through the reduction of senescent cell burden and senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP). Recent evidence suggests that senescent cells and SASP can contribute to the pathogenesis of periodontal diseases as well. In this study, we investigated the effect of DQ interventions on periodontal tissue health using preclinical models of aging. In vitro, DQ ameliorated biological signatures of senescence in human gingival keratinocytes upon persistent exposure to periodontal bacteria, Fusobacterium nucleatum, by modulating the levels of key senescence markers such as p16, SA-β-galactosidase, and lamin-B1 and inflammatory mediators associated with SASP including interleukin-8, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)–1, and MMP-3. In vivo, the oral administration of DQ mitigated senescent cell burden and SASP in gingival tissues and reduced naturally progressing periodontal bone loss in aged mice. Collectively, our findings provide proof-of-concept evidence for translational studies and reveal that targeting gingival senescence and the senescence-associated secretome can be an effective strategy to improve periodontal health, particularly in vulnerable populations.
Empowered by Curation: Spatial Differentiation in the Interrelationship Between Social Media Political Curation, Political Competence, and Trust—The Case of Michigan
Authors: Kang Taewoo
Published: January 2025

This study examines geographic variations in the relationship between social media political curation and political trust. Analyzing survey data from the U.S. state of Michigan, findings reveal a positive relationship between social media political curation and internal political efficacy, which is stronger among rural residents compared to urban counterparts. Moreover, this geographic pattern extends to trust in state government; the positive indirect relationship between social media political curation and trust in state government via increased internal political efficacy is only observed among rural residents. These results highlight social media’s potential as a civic platform that can connect geographically disconnected communities to politics.
Navigating Moral Injury and the Search for Recognition: Dutch Peacekeeper Veterans Return to Lebanon
Authors: Gilhuis Naomi , Molendijk Tine
Published: January 2025

Moral injury (MI) not only impacts individuals but also damages relations between individuals and their communities. While conventional interventions focus on individual healing, veterans organize return trips to former deployment areas to mend these damaged relations. Drawing on fieldwork with Dutch UNIFIL veterans in Lebanon and life story interviews, the study examines how these trips address the relational dimensions of MI and trauma more generally. It employs a theoretical framework synthesizing MI and recognition theories, including an interplay between MI and transformative versus affirmative recognition. The analysis reveals relational breaches at political, societal, and interpersonal levels, both in the Netherlands and Lebanon, which profoundly impact veterans' lives, and motivate them to undertake return trips to Lebanon to mend these breaches. The return trips exhibit a complex dynamic of affirmative and transformative recognition, as well as reification, with both potential for healing and counterproductive effects.
Fixed-time sliding mode trajectory tracking control for uncertain robotic manipulators using high-order extended state observer
Authors: Chen Yunjun , Zhang Jixiang , Zhang Lu
Published: January 2025

This paper investigates the fixed-time trajectory tracking problem for uncertain robotic manipulators with internal uncertainties, external disturbances, and actuator faults. A high-order fixed-time extended state observer is designed to observe lumped uncertainties, its convergence time is only determined by the designed parameters. In addition, a fixed-time stable system is established to speed the convergence of system states underlying the existing fixed-time theory, and a non-singular fast terminal sliding mode surface is developed by depending on this system. Based on the designed observer and sliding mode surface, a fast fixed-time sliding mode controller is designed to guarantee global fixed-time convergence of the tracking error. Finally, the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed method are demonstrated by two-link robotic manipulator.
Analyzing the Dynamic Efficiency and Critical Factors of the Regional Innovation System: A Case Study of Korea
Authors: Shin Dong Jin , Kim Brian H. S.
Published: January 2025

The purpose of this study is to evaluate whether the dynamic efficiency of Regional Innovation Systems (RISs) across 16 provinces in Korea decline, and to analyze which determinant factors reduce this efficiency. Thus, the goal is to derive policy implications from these research findings in order to enhance the efficiency of 16 RISs. The former method used Window Data Envelopment Analysis with a unique focus on both quantitative and qualitative output measures, including the fee per technology transfer. The findings revealed a gradual decline in RIS efficiency over the study period, with Seoul, Gyeonggi, and Incheon consistently outperforming other regions. The latter method used a panel analysis with a focus on the role of the R&D investment of local government and regional R&D personnel, and technology commercialization ecosystems. The study reveals that while national R&D investment relative to regional GDP positively impacts efficiency, local government R&D funding—especially when aligned with central policies—tends to reduce efficiency. Also, the proportion of R&D personnel to total employment showed a negative effect on RIS efficiency, and regions with well-developed technology commercialization infrastructures display higher RIS efficiency. Our findings suggest the establishment of Government Efficiency Committee to enhance RIS efficiency, such as reducing the R&D investment of local government, restructuring regional R&D personnel to prevent overlap, and strengthening the technology commercialization infrastructure. These recommendations aim to support region-led innovation growth and foster a national innovation landscape.
Using Enhanced Anchored Instruction in Diverse Math Classrooms
Authors: Choo Sam , Odima Martin , Gassaway Linda
Published: January 2025

Students with disabilities often face significant challenges in developing mathematical problem-solving skills, which are critical for academic success. Traditional problem-solving interventions have primarily focused on skill acquisition, leading to issues with knowledge application in real-world contexts. Enhanced Anchored Instruction (EAI) offers a multimedia-based, hands-on approach to address these challenges by integrating explicit instruction, video anchoring, and authentic activities. This article describes essential components and how to implement EAI in diverse special education classrooms and illustrates how a fourth-grade teacher used the EAI approach to enhance her students’ problem-solving skills through culturally responsive instruction. By combining technology tools with real-world application, the EAI approach can bridge the gap between theoretical knowledge and practical application, fostering deeper understanding and engagement among students with disabilities in diverse special education classrooms.
What Can We Learn From Qualitative Impact Evaluations About the Effectiveness of Lobby and Advocacy? A Meta-Evaluation of Dutch aid Programmes and Assessment Tool
Authors: Sharma Waddington Hugh , Umezawa Hikari , White Howard
Published: January 2025

Official development agencies are increasingly supporting civil society lobby and advocacy (L&A) to address poverty and human rights. However, there are challenges in evaluating L&A. As programme objectives are often to change policies or practices in a single institution like a Government Ministry, L&A programmes are often not amenable to large-n impact evaluation methods. They often work in strategic partnerships to foster change; hence, contribution may be a more relevant evaluation question than attribution. Small-n qualitative approaches are available to measure the effectiveness of L&A which use the theory of change as their analytical framework. We conducted a meta-evaluation of 36 evaluations of multi-component international programmes to support civil society L&A across Asia, Africa and Latin America, comprising the majority of programmatic support from one international donor. We assessed the confidence in causal claims in the evaluations using a new tool that we developed. Assessments of the contribution of the programmes to the changes in outcomes were not provided in many of the evaluations, nor were predictable sources of bias addressed. Given that L&A programmes are likely to adopt an influencing approach where many different inside-track and outside-track engagement objectives, opportunities and strategies are attempted, many of which might be expected to fail, there appeared to be a clear bias in the evaluations towards reporting outcomes that were achieved, ignoring those that were not. We provide guidance on how to improve the design, conduct and reporting of small-n qualitative evaluations of aid effectiveness.