bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Política social en Brasil y Cuba: un análisis crítico desde el subdesarrollo
Authors: Pandolfi Aline Fardin , Borrego Arelys Esquenazi , Valadão Camila Costa
Published: April 2021

Resumen: Este artículo tiene como objetivo analizar los fundamentos teóricos de la política social en Cuba y Brasil, a la luz de los proyectos de sociedad y perspectivas de desarrollo adoptadas por ambos países. La metodología utilizada es la revisión bibliográfica. El artículo está estructurado en tres secciones. Las dos primeras abordan los principales fundamentos teóricos de la política social en Cuba y Brasil. Posteriormente, los principales puntos de ruptura entre estas dos concepciones de política social se esbozan sintéticamente en las reflexiones finales. Se defiende la idea de que las manifestaciones, casi diametralmente opuestas, que asumen las políticas sociales en Cuba y Brasil están determinadas por sus fundamentos teóricos; que a su vez están determinados esencialmente por las distintas salidas que se adoptan para enfrentar el subdesarrollo en ambos países.
Autocracia burguesa e a práxis revolucionária de Florestan Fernandes
Authors: Carvalho Keila
Published: April 2021

Resumo: Em um cenário atual de escalada do autoritarismo no contexto político, nacional e internacional, as lições teóricas e políticas legadas por Florestan Fernandes são ferramentas importantes para ajudar a iluminar novas e antigas estratégias no enfrentamento desses desafios contemporâneos. Após sua consagração acadêmica e em meio à aposentadoria compulsória decorrente do Ato Institucional nº 5 em plena ditadura civil-militar brasileira, Florestan identificou nos processos políticos de seu tempo a necessidade de construção de nova uma práxis. Desse modo, o objetivo deste artigo é resgatar os sentidos dessa práxis em meio às consequências pessoais e dramáticas da intensificação da autocracia burguesa, a distensão da ditadura e a transição democrática, passando pelos novos constrangimentos da chamada Nova República até 1995, quando de seu falecimento. Para tanto, foi utilizada pesquisa bibliográfica e documental, compreendendo tanto os registros teórico-metodológicos desse período tardio da trajetória de Florestan quanto as experiências de engajamento político e os conteúdos de sua intervenção militante.
As novas reformas governativas em tempo de COVID-19 em Angola no atual contexto político e social e o enfrentamento das desigualdades sociais
Authors: Muondo Daniel Luciano , Oliveira Cirlene Aparecida Hilário da Silva
Published: April 2021

Resumo: O presente artigo faz uma abordagem sobre as reformas governativas em Angola em tempo de COVID-19 e as desigualdades sociais. O estudo é apresentado no quadro de apoio da CAPES, na condição de bolsista da UNESP-Franca e aponta as mudanças adotadas pelo governo angolano, com vista à contenção da pandemia e o reajuste da máquina administrativa, com a redução dos departamentos ministeriais e outras estruturas do poder executivo, extinguindo alguns e fundindo outros num único ente governativo. A situação da pandemia da COVID-19 está promovendo massivamente um contexto de desigualdades sociais, conduzindo as pessoas a viver em condições de precariedade e extrema pobreza, com níveis muito elevados de custo de vida. Todos nós e cada um em particular, estamos chamados a promover um ambiente de solidariedade, que contribua para a mitigação e/ou a resolução das desigualdades sociais, a redução dos índices de carência de bens e serviços nas comunidades. Este estudo apresenta o contexto atual do exercício do poder em Angola, com transformações na administração do Estado e as medidas de controlo da pandemia de COVID-19.
A moderna construção da vigilância e do controle social no Brasil
Authors: Sierra Vânia Morales , Freire Silene de Moraes
Published: April 2021

Resumo: Este ensaio aborda a relação entre Estado e autoritarismo no Brasil, considerando as transformações dos mecanismos tradicionais e modernos de controle social, empregados pela classe dominante como força social e política na disputa pela direção moral e intelectual da sociedade brasileira. O objetivo é mostrar que a modernização da infraestrutura econômica implica no recrudescimento das formas de vigilância e controle social. Para isso, são apresentadas as mudanças no controle social a partir de 1930 até a Constituição Federal de 1988. Posteriormente, damos ênfase sobre as medidas neoliberais que deram ensejo às novas formas de controle no País. Por fim, conclui-se que a insuficiência das instituições de controle social, atualmente, tem em contrapartida a valorização da moral tradicional e o aumento da reivindicação social por segurança, formando dois pilares do autoritarismo neoliberal da política atual.
Usina Hidrelétrica de Belo Monte: lutas sociais e resistência na Amazônia Paraense
Authors: Melo Kátia Maria dos Santos
Published: April 2021

Resumo: Este texto analisa as formas organizativas das lutas sociais e resistência na área de influência da Usina Hidrelétrica de Belo Monte, no Pará, diante do projeto energético do governo brasileiro que concebe a Amazônia como produtora de megawatt. Com base no método do materialismo histórico e dialético, foi realizada pesquisa bibliográfica, documental e de campo, mediante entrevistas com lideranças de 16 entidades em três cidades do Pará: Altamira, Vitória do Xingu e Senador José Porfírio. A pesquisa identificou que a resistência é estruturante e se expressa na pluralidade dos grupos sociais que denunciam a política energética brasileira conectada à mundialização capitalista dos territórios, que é materializada pela perda da moradia, violação ao modo de vida de povos originários, barragem de rios, alagamento de comunidades, extinção de espécies aquáticas, plantas e animais, ressurgimento de doenças, extinção de postos de trabalho, deslocamentos compulsórios, aumento da criminalidade e mortes. Danos socioambientais que ameaçam a humanidade genérica.
O Estado penal, o sistema prisional e a crise do humanismo
Authors: Bueno Cibelle Doria da Cunha
Published: April 2021

Resumo: O presente trabalho busca apresentar a relação entre a constituição do Estado Penal brasileiro, o sistema prisional e a crise do humanismo. O objetivo é aferir a relação entre as categorias supramencionadas no tocante à construção e execução do arcabouço institucional que permeia a política prisional brasileira na contemporaneidade. Nesse sentido, busca-se lançar luzes ao sistema prisional e à naturalização das violações de direitos humanos nesse contexto aferidas, como produto da sociedade instituída a partir da crise do humanismo na contemporaneidade. O estudo em questão foi realizado por meio de pesquisa bibliográfica e documental, tendo nas teorias de Lukács a inspiração para as reflexões aqui apresentadas. Dessa forma, compreende-se que a crise do humanismo, que potencializa o Estado Penal na contemporaneidade, permeou a formação social brasileira e, portanto, demonstra ser característica marcante de nossa sociabilidade, mostrando-se evidente na política prisional atualmente idealizada, planejada e executada no Brasil.
Direito do trabalho na contramão: a precarização como regra
Authors: Brito Rose Dayanne Santos de
Published: April 2021

Resumo: Este artigo tem o objetivo de examinar a legislação trabalhista brasileira no contexto da pandemia do Covid-19. A intenção é demonstrar que as medidas emergenciais de redução de direitos do trabalhador na pandemia indicam não uma ruptura com o momento precedente, mas um fio de continuidade promovido pela ofensiva neoliberal no Brasil. Para tanto, será demonstrada a tênue fronteira entre exceção e normalidade e, por conseguinte, a precarização do trabalho como regra. Ao final, os resultados da pesquisa indagam sobre o futuro do direito do trabalho em meio às especificidades da sociedade capitalista e as práticas políticas autoritárias.
GOOD QUALITY OF LIFE AFTER MORE THAN A DECADE OF LIVING DONOR LIVER TRANSPLANTATION
Authors: NOGUEIRA Isabel Roldo , COELHO Julio Cezar Uili , DOMINGOS Micheli Fortunato , PAROLIN Mônica Beatriz , MATIAS Jorge Eduardo Fouto , FREITAS Alexandre Coutinho Teixeira de , MARTINS Eduardo Lopes , COSTA Marco Aurélio Raeder da
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Receptors of living donor liver transplantation (LDLT) have higher rate of postoperative biliary and vascular complications that may reduce posttransplant quality of life (QOL) due to the need of invasive and repetitive treatments. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of our study is to assess the various aspects of QOL of receptors undergoing LDLT after 10 years of transplantation and to identify potential factors that might be associated with impaired QOL. METHODS: Data of all patients with more than 10 years of LDLT were retrospectively evaluated. Patients were interviewed through a quality of life questionnaire (SF-36). RESULTS: From a total of 440 LT performed in 17 years (from September 1991 through December 2008), 78 patients underwent LDLT, of which 27 were alive and 25 answered completely the questionnaire. There were 17 (68%) men and 8 (32%) women, with a mean age of 38.6±18.5 years at the time of transplantation and mean follow up time of 15.1±1.9 years. The average MELD was 16.4±4.9 and the main indication for LT was hepatic cirrhosis caused by hepatitis B virus (32%). When compared to the general population, LDLT patients had lower mental health score (66.4 vs 74.5, P=0.0093) and higher vitality score (87.8 vs 71.9, P<0.001), functional aspects (94.6 vs 75.5, P=0.002), social aspects (93 vs 83.9, P=0.005), physical aspects (92 vs 77.5, P=0.006), and emotional aspects (97.33 vs 81.7, P<0.001). General health status (73.28 vs 70.2, P=0.074) and pain (78.72 vs 76.7, P=0.672) scores were similar in both groups. CONCLUSION: It is concluded that the various aspects LDLT recipients’ QOF are similar to those of the general population more than a decade after the transplant, except for the mental health domain which is lower.
INAPPROPRIATE USAGE OF INTRAVENOUS PROTON PUMP INHIBITORS AND ASSOCIATED FACTORS IN A HIGH COMPLEXITY HOSPITAL IN BRAZIL
Authors: BISCHOFF Laura M , FARACO Laura S M , MACHADO Lucas V , BIALECKI Alex V S , ALMEIDA Gabriel M de , BECKER Smile C C
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Intravenous (IV) use of proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) is advised only in cases of suspected upper gastrointestinal bleeding (UGIB) or impossibility of receiving oral medication, although there has been a persistent practice of their inappropriate use in health institutions. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of our study was to measure the inappropriate use of IV PPIs in a high complexity hospital in Brazil and to estimate its costs. METHODS: Retrospective study of 333 patients who received IV omeprazole between July and December of 2018 in a high complexity hospital in Brazil. RESULTS: IV omeprazole was found to be appropriately prescribed in only 23.4% patient reports. This medication was administered mainly in cases of suspected UGIB (19.1%) and stress ulcer prophylaxis in patients with high risk of UGIB unable to receive medication orally (18.7%). It was observed a statistically significant association between adequate prescription and stress ulcer prophylaxis in patients with high risk of UGIB unable to receive medication orally; patient nil per os with valid indication for PPIs usage; prescription by intensive care unit doctors; prescription by emergency room doctors; intensive care unit admission; evolution to death; sepsis; and traumatic brain injury (P<0.05). On the other hand, inadequate prescription had a statistically significant association with surgical ward prescription and non-evolution to death (P<0.05). The estimated cost of the vials prescribed inadequately was US$1696. CONCLUSION: There was a high number of inappropriate IV omeprazole prescriptions in the studied hospital, entailing greater costs to the institution and unnecessary risks.
PREVALENCE AND TIME OF DEVELOPMENT OF SYSTEMIC ARTERIAL HYPERTENSION IN PATIENTS AFTER LIVER TRANSPLANTATION
Authors: LEMOS Bianca de Oliveira , SILVA Rita de Cássia Martins Alves , SILVA Renato Ferreira da
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: The use of immunosuppressive drugs after liver transplantation (LT) is associated with the development of systemic arterial hypertension (SAH), in addition to other comorbidities of metabolic syndrome. OBJECTIVE: Therefore, the purpose of this study was to analyze the time after use immunosuppressive drugs the patient progresses to SAH, as well as to identify its prevalence and the factors that may be correlated to it. METHODS: A retrospective and longitudinal study was conducted, based on the analysis of medical records of 72 normotensive patients, attended in the transplant unit of a university hospital, between 2016 and 2019. RESULTS: It was observed, on average, 9±6.98 months after immunosuppressive use, the patients were diagnosed with hypertension, and the prevalence of transplanted patients who evolved to SAH in this study was 59.64% (41 patients). In addition, there was a correlation between serum dosage of tacrolimus and the development of SAH (P=0.0067), which shows that tacrolimus has a significant role in the development of SAH. Finally, it was noticed that the development of post-transplantation hypertension indicates a higher risk of the patient presenting the other parameters of metabolic syndrome, as well as a higher impairment in its renal function (P=0.0061). CONCLUSION: This study shows that the patients evolved to SAH in an average of 9±6.98 months after immunosuppressive drug use. We have also found high prevalence of systemic arterial hypertension (59.64%) in patients after liver transplantation, who used calcineurin inhibitors, especially when associated with the use of tacrolimus.
RESULTS OF IMMUNOHISTOCHEMISTRY IN THE DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS OF EARLY HEPATOCELLULAR CARCINOMA AND NODULES WITH HIGH-GRADE DYSPLASIA IN PATIENTS WITH CIRRHOSIS
Authors: CORAL Gabriela Perdomo , BRANCO Fernanda , MEURER Rosalva , MARCON Patrícia dos Santos , FONTES Paulo Roberto Ott , MATTOS Angelo Alves de
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most frequent primary cancer of the liver and cirrhosis is considered a pre-malignant disease. In this context, the evolutionary sequence from low grade dysplastic nodule and high grade dysplastic nodule (HGDN) to early HCC and advanced HCC has been studied. The differential diagnosis between HGDN and early HCC is still a challenge, especially in needle biopsies OBJECTIVE: To evaluate an immunohistochemistry panel to differentiate dysplastic nodules and HCC. METHODS: Patients with cirrhosis who underwent surgical resection or liver transplantation were included. The sensitivity, specificity and accuracy for the diagnosis of neoplasia were analyzed by evaluating five markers: heat shock protein 70, glypican 3, glutamine synthetase, clathrin heavy chain and beta-catenin. P≤0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS: One hundred and fifty-six nodules were included; of these, 57 were HCC, 14 HGDN, 18 low grade dysplastic nodules and 67 regenerative macronodules. Sensitivity of HCC diagnosis was 64.9% for glypican 3 and 77.2% for glutamine syntetase, while specificity was 96.0% and 96.0% respectively. When the panel of four markers was considered (excluding beta catenin), the specificity ranged from 87.9% for one positive marker to 100% for at least three markers. The best accuracy for HCC diagnosis was obtained with at least two positive markers, which was associated with a sensitivity of 82.5% and specificity of 99%. CONCLUSION: Differential diagnosis of dysplastic nodules and HCC by morphological criteria can be challenging. Immunomarkers are useful and should be used for the differential diagnosis between HCC and HGDN.
IMPACT OF AGING IN THE SURGICAL OUTCOMES OF GASTRIC CANCER PATIENTS
Authors: DIAS Andre Roncon , PEREIRA Marina Alessandra , RAMOS Marcus Fernando Kodama Pertille , RIBEIRO JR Ulysses , ZILBERSTEIN Bruno , CECCONELLO Ivan
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: As age advances, a higher burden of comorbidities and less functional reserve are expected, however, the impact of aging in the surgical outcomes of gastric cancer (GC) patients is unknown. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study is to evaluate surgical outcomes of GC patients according to their age group. METHODS: Patients submitted to gastrectomy with curative intent due to gastric adenocarcinoma were divided in quartiles. Each group had 150 patients and age limits were: ≤54.8, 54.9-63.7, 63.8-72, >72. The outcomes assessed were: postoperative complications (POC), 90-day postoperative mortality, disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS). RESULTS: Major surgical complications were 2.7% in the younger quartile vs 12% for the others (P=0.007). Major clinical complications raised according to the age quartile: 0.7% vs 4.7% vs 5.3% vs 7.3% (P<0.042). ASA score and age were independent risk factors for major POC. The 90-day mortality progressively increased according to the age quartile: 1.3% vs 6.0% vs 7.3% vs 14% (P<0.001). DFS was equivalent among quartile groups, while OS was significantly worse for those >72-year-old. D2 lymphadenectomy only improved OS in the three younger quartiles. Age >72 was an independent risk factor for worse OS (hazard ratio of 1.72). CONCLUSION: Patients <55-year-old have less surgical complications. As age progresses, clinical complications and 90-day mortality gradually rise. OS is worse for those above age 72, and D2 lymphadenectomy should be individualized after this age.
ESOPHAGEAL CANCER MORTALITY IN BRAZIL: A TIME-SERIES ANALYSIS FROM THE GLOBAL BURDEN OF DISEASE STUDY
Authors: OLIVEIRA Max Moura de , SILVA Igor Pereira Bertoncini , TEIXEIRA Renato , MALTA Deborah Carvalho , ISER Betine Pinto Moehlecke
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: In the world, around 450,000 new cases of esophageal cancer are diagnosed each year. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the trend of esophageal cancer mortality rates in Brazil between 1990-2017. METHODS: A time series study using data on mortality from esophageal cancer in residents ≥30 years in Brazil from 1990 to 2017. Data was estimated by the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study and analyzed according to sex, age group and federal unit of Brazil. The standardized rates according to age were calculated by the direct method using the standard GBD world population. Annual average percentage change and 95% confidence interval (95% CI) were calculated for mortality by Joinpoint regression. RESULTS: The age-standardized mortality rate in males was 20.6 in 1990 and 17.6/100,000 in 2017, increasing according to age, being 62.4 (1990) and 54.7 (2017) for ≥70 years. In women, the age-standardized mortality rate was 5.9 in 1990 and 4.2/100,000 in 2017. There was a reduction in mortality rates in all age groups and both sexes with great variation among the states. CONCLUSION: Despite the high mortality rates for esophageal cancer in Brazil, the trend was decreasing, but with regional differences. Mortality was around four times higher in men.
CORRELATION BETWEEN TROUGH LEVELS OF INFLIXIMAB AND POSTOPERATIVE ENDOSCOPIC RECURRENCE IN CROHN’S DISEASE PATIENTS SUBMITTED TO ILEOCOLONIC RESECTIONS: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW
Authors: BARAÚNA Fernanda da Silva Barbosa , KOTZE Paulo Gustavo
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: The rates of postoperative endoscopic recurrence (PER) in patients with Crohn’s disease (CD) are consistent. Anti-TNF therapy has been increasingly used in the postoperative setting, despite the lack of robust data in the literature on the measurement of trough levels and consequences of their use. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this review was to assess trough levels of infliximab (IFX) in CD patients after ileocolonic resections in correlation with the presence of PER. METHODS: We searched for studies that evaluated trough levels of IFX in patients with CD, who underwent ileocaecal resections, and correlated them with the presence of PER. We used MEDLINE through PubMed and CENTRAL Cochrane library databases, and after matching the inclusion criteria, the studies were methodologically evaluated with qualitative analysis of the data. RESULTS: A total of 155 studies were initially identified in the databases search and only four matched the inclusion criteria. They comprised one prospective cohort study, one randomized controlled trial and two retrospective cohort studies, the last one performed in pediatric patients. This evidence suggested the correlation of PER with low trough levels of IFX and the presence of antibodies to the drug. The quality of the evidence generated varied from very low to high, due to the heterogeneity found between the studies and the risks of bias that were identified. CONCLUSION: Low levels of IFX and the presence of antibodies to the drug were directly associated with increased PER rates in patients with CD, who underwent ileocolonic resections. Controlled and randomized clinical trials with adequate methodological quality are warranted to confirm the conclusions from this systematic review.
Psychometric properties of the Portuguese Dutch Work Addiction Scale
Authors: Borges Elisabete , Sequeira Carlos , Martins Teresa , Queirós Cristina , Mosteiro-Díaz Maria Pilar
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT Objective To analyse the psychometric properties of the Dutch Work Addiction Scale in a sample of Portuguese nurses. Method A methodological study was conducted with 1,030 Portuguese nurses. A sociodemographic/professional questionnaire and the Dutch Work Addiction Scale applied between October and December 2019. Results The Confirmatory Factorial Analyses confirmed the factorial structure of two dimensions, namely Working Excessively (α = .730) and Working Compulsively (α = .752), grounded on the theoretical model of workaholism; the reliability values were considered adequate. Nurses presented a moderate level of workaholism, with a higher mean value for Working Excessively. Conclusion The results raised the issue of workaholism and highlighted the need for further study. The Portuguese version of the DUWAS presented good psychometric characteristics and can be considered a valid and useful instrument to identify this problem.
Stryphnodendron flavotomentosum (Leguminosae, Caesalpinioideae, mimosoid clade), a New Species from the Atlantic Forest, Brazil
Authors: Gibau de Lima Alexandre , de Paula-Souza Juliana , Scalon Viviane Renata , Souza Vinicius Castro
Published: April 2021

Abstract—During a taxonomic treatment of Stryphnodendron (Leguminosae, Caesalpinioideae, mimosoid clade) for the Brazilian Flora 2020 Project, one new presumably critically endangered species from the Atlantic Forest domain was found, and is so far only known
to western Espírito Santo state. Stryphnodendron flavotomentosum is described and illustrated, and information on its distribution, habitat, phenology, and preliminary conservation status is provided. Additionally, an identification key for the species of Stryphnodendron
from the Brazilian rainforests is presented.
A New Critically Endangered Species of Nissolia (Leguminosae, Papilionoideae, Dalbergieae) from Brazil and a New Combination in the Genus
Authors: Fortuna Perez Ana Paula , Lewis Gwilym Peter , Castro Isabella , Floss da Veiga Vitória , Machado Silvia Rodrigues , Maria de Moura Tânia
Published: April 2021

Abstract—Nissolia rondonensis, a new critically endangered species from the state of Rondônia, Brazil, is described and illustrated. Its distribution, informal conservation status, phenology, and morphological and anatomical affinities with its closest
relative, Nissolia klugii, are discussed. In addition, a new combination, Nissolia subulata is proposed. A key to the Brazilian species of Nissolia is presented.
Hybridization in the Temperate Bamboos (Poaceae: Bambusoideae: Arundinarieae): A Phylogenetic Study Using AFLPs and cpDNA Sequence Data
Authors: Triplett Jimmy K. , Clark Lynn G.
Published: April 2021

Abstract—The temperate bamboos are a taxonomically difficult group with nearly 600 species in approximately 30 genera and at least 12 constituent lineages. In this study, phylogenetic relationships were explored using amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) data in comparison with a phylogeny based on plastid DNA sequences, with an emphasis onArundinariaof North America and its allies in East Asia (theArundinariaclade). Molecular analyses involved 248 individuals in 10 genera and 60 species. Hybridization was detected both within and among genera. Comparative analyses indicated hybrid origins for species in several widespread and well-known genera, includingHibanobambusa,Sasaella, andSemiarundinaria. Evidence also indicated thatPseudosasa japonica(the type species ofPseudosasa) is an intergeneric hybrid involvingPleioblastusandSasamorpha. In addition, cryptic hybrids were detected within and amongPleioblastus,Sasa, andSasamorpha. After accounting for hybrids, phylogenetic analyses of AFLP data provided resolution for core lineages in theArundinariaclade, includingPleioblastussensu stricto,Sasas. s., andSasamorpha.AFLP data also provided evidence for the monophyly of the North American cane bamboos (Arundinaria, three species) but failed to identify their closest relative among the East Asian taxa. The broader evolutionary implications of hybridization in the temperate bamboos are discussed along with recommendations for future studies.
Three New and Endemic Species of Eriocaulaceae from Serra da Canastra, Minas Gerais, Brazil
Authors: Echternacht Livia , da Silva Freitas Mariane , Trovó Marcelo
Published: April 2021

Abstract—Three new species of Eriocaulaceae, endemic to the Serra da Canastra in Minas Gerais state, are described. Paepalanthus petraeus is assigned to P. ser. Paepalanthus, differing within the series by its thickened stem accumulating
leaf sheaths, linear leaves, and numerous scapes shorter or equaling the leaf height and bearing capitula with brown involucral bracts. Paepalanthus sinuosus belongs to P. subsect. Polyactis and is distinguished by few scapes in lax fascicles, more than twice as
long as the leaves, which are patent to slightly recurved, and light brown involucral bracts with acute apex. Syngonanthus culcitosus, within S. sect. Syngonanthus, is unique due to its elongate and branched stem forming dense mats, simple inflorescences, cream-colored
involucral bracts equaling the length of the floral disc, and gynoecium with nectariferous appendages. Comparisons with the most similar species are provided for each new taxon. Maps, photographs, and illustrations are presented, together with comments on phenology, distribution, habitat,
and morphology. Paepalanthus petraeus and P. sinuosus are likely to be assessed as Critically Endangered, and S. culcitosus as Vulnerable, according to IUCN criteria.
X-linked Alport Syndrome
Authors: JAIS JEAN PHILIPPE , KNEBELMANN BERTRAND , GIATRAS IANNIS , MARCHI MARIO DE , RIZZONI GIANFRANCO , RENIERI ALESSANDRA , WEBER MANFRED , GROSS OLIVER , NETZER KAI-OLAF , FLINTER FRANCES , PIRSON YVES , VERELLEN CHRISTINE , WIESLANDER JÖRGEN , PERSSON ULF , TRYGGVASON KARL , MARTIN PAULA , HERTZ JENS MICHAEL , SCHRÖDER CORNELIS , SANAK MAREK , KREJCOVA SARKA , CARVALHO MARIA FERNANDA , SAUS JUAN , ANTIGNAC CORINNE , SMEETS HUBERT , GUBLER MARIE CLAIRE
Published: April 2021

Alport syndrome (AS) is a type IV collagen hereditary disease characterized by the association of progressive hematuric nephritis, hearing loss, and, frequently, ocular changes. Mutations in the COL4A5 collagen gene are responsible for the more common X-linked dominant form of the disease. Considerable allelic heterogeneity has been observed. A “European Community Alport Syndrome Concerted Action” has been established to delineate accurately the AS phenotype and to determine genotype-phenotype correlations in a large number of families. Data concerning 329 families, 250 of them with an X-linked transmission, were collected. Characteristics of the 401 male patients belonging to the 195 families with COL4A5 mutation are presented. All male patients were hematuric, and the rate of progression to end-stage renal failure and deafness was mutation-dependent. Large deletions, nonsense mutations, or small mutations changing the reading frame conferred to affected male patients a 90% probability of developing end-stage renal failure before 30 yr of age, whereas the same risk was of 50 and 70%, respectively, in patients with missense or splice site mutation. The risk of developing hearing loss before 30 yr of age was approximately 60% in patients with missense mutations, contrary to 90% for the other types of mutations. The natural history of X-linked AS and correlations with COL4A5 mutations have been established in a large cohort of male patients. These data could be used for further evaluation of therapeutic approaches.
Giant leaps or baby steps? A preliminary review of the development of children's rights jurisprudence in Zimbabwe
Authors: Magaya Isabel , Fambasayi Rongedzayi
Published: April 2021

This contribution provides an overview of children's rights adjudication in Zimbabwe with a specific focus on emerging jurisprudence under the 2013 Constitution. After a summary of Zimbabwe's performance in implementing children's rights under both international and African regional law, the authors examine how Zimbabwean superior courts have dealt with the protection of children's rights. In order to give a fair assessment, we begin by reflecting on the Lancaster House (LH) Constitution (1980) and the resultant jurisprudence thus shedding light on how courts conceptualised children's rights in the absence of a specific child rights provision in the Constitution. This is followed by an analysis of the emerging jurisprudence under the 2013 Constitution which specifically entrenches children's rights. We focus specifically on cases decided between 2013-2019. A focus on seminal court judgements and how courts adjudicated children's rights will guide the authors in ultimately deciding whether or not Zimbabwean courts have made giant leaps or baby steps in the protection and promotion of children's rights under the 2013 Constitution.
Kümeleme analizi ile Türkiye’nin biyoiklim bölgelerinin sınıflandırılması
Authors: ATASOY Fazilet , SARIŞ Faize
Published: April 2021

Bu çalışmanın amacı, Türkiye için kümeleme analizi aracılığıyla biyoiklim sınıflandırması yaparak biyoiklim karakterini tanımlamak ve bölgesel farklılaşmayı açıklamaktır. Türkiye için biyoiklim indislerinin mekansal analizi, Devlet Meteoroloji İşleri Genel Müdürlüğü’ne ait toplam 169 istasyonda 1960-2016 yılları arasında kaydedilen aylık sıcaklık ve yağış verileri kullanılarak gerçekleştirildi. Kümeleme analizi için Biyoiklim değişkenleri 3 farklı veri seti halinde kullanıldı. Sıcaklık baskın değişkenlerin (BIO1-BIO11) kümeleme analizi sonucunda 4, yağış baskın değişkenler (BIO12-BIO19) için 5, tüm değişkenlerin bir arada değerlendirildiği analizde (BIO1-BIO19) 6 küme tanımlandı. BIO1-BIO19 analizi sonucunda elde edilen kümelerin özellikleri: temel olarak yüksek sıcaklıkla karakterize olan ve Ege- Akdeniz kıyı kuşağı boyunca yayılan Küme 1; Kuraklık ve görece yüksek soğuk mevsim sıcaklıkları ile öne çıkan ve güneydoğuda dağılış gösteren Küme 2; soğuk karakter ile tanımlanan kuzeydoğu-doğu kesimlerdeki Küme 3; yine kuraklıkla tanımlanan ama daha soğuk kış karakterinde olan, iç bölgelerde geniş alana yayılmış ve en fazla istasyon sayısına sahip Küme 4; Marmara Bölgesi sınırlarında dağılışa sahip, biyoiklim karakteri olarak da Karasal (küme 4) ve nemli (Küme 6) arasında geçiş gösteren Küme 5 ve son olarak da nemlilik özelliği ile karakterize edilebilen ve Karadeniz kıyı kuşağı boyunca dağılış sergileyen Küme 6 olarak tanımlandı. Belirlenen örüntüler ve biyoiklim karakteristikleri bölgeselleşme üzerinde topografya ve iklimin ortak etkisini açıkça göstermektedir.
Use of agro-industrial residues of plantain (Musa paradisiaca) in the adsorption of Ni (II)
Authors: Tejada-Tovar Candelaria , Villabona-Ortíz Ángel , Cortina-Góngora Walter , Díaz-Navarro Betty , Ortega Toro Rodrigo
Published: April 2021

The presence of heavy metals in aqueous media represents a severe threat to ecosystems because they are non-biodegradable, toxic, and carcinogenic. In the present work, the utilization of agro-industrial residues from obtaining plantain starch for removing Ni (II) was studied, establishing the effect of temperature, adsorption dose, and initial concentration. The kinetics, equilibrium, and thermodynamic parameters that determine the process were studied. For this purpose, tests were carried out in a batch system maintaining constant stirring (200 rpm), pH (2), and solution volume (100 mL). The remaining metal concentration was determined by atomic adsorption at 237 nm. It was found that the best adsorption conditions were given at 55 ºC, 0.6775 g, and 368 mg/L obtaining a maximum adsorption capacity of 47.57 mg/g corresponding to a removal of 87%. The kinetic model that best fits the experimental data was a pseudo-second-order model, and the isotherm that describes the process is Langmuir and Freundlich, so the adsorption is given by chemisorption and multilayers. The thermodynamic parameters determined suggest that the process is favourable, not spontaneous, endothermic, and irreversible under the studied conditions. The results show that the residual biomass from the obtaining of plantain starch is a good precursor for absorbing Ni (II) in an aqueous solution.
In-vitro effect of the methanolic extract of Momordica charantia on hatching of eggs of Haemonchus sp.
Authors: Jaramillo Hernández Dumar Alexander , VÁSQUEZ TRUJILLO Adolfo , LESMES RODRÍGUEZ Lida Carolina
Published: April 2021

Background: Endoparasitism, particularly infections by gastrointestinal nematodes (e.g., Haemochus sp.), has been associated with economic losses within sheep production systems in tropical regions. Thus, implementing therapeutic alternatives that are environmentally sustainable is essential for parasite integral control programs. Objectives: Evaluate in-vitro the effect of Momordica charantia methanolic extract on the Haemonchus sp. eggs' hatching process. Methods: Nematode eggs were retrieved from experimentally infected sheep and exposed to 10, 20, 40, 80, and 160 mg/mL of methanolic extract of M. charantia. Hatching percentages were recorded from five replicates, and CL50 and CL90 were estimated through Probit regression analysis. Results: A significant effect on the hatching percentages were observed, from 24.2% up to 84.6% inhibition (p<0.05). The LC50 and LC90 estimated were 52.2 mg/mL (95%CI 37.87-63.22) and 201.45 mg/mL (95%CI 186.01-221.89), respectively. Utilizing a preliminary phytochemical analysis, potential antihelmintic compounds such as alkaloid, triterpenes, and anthracenic glycosides groups were identified in the methanolic extract. Conclusions: In the in-vitro test, the methanolic extract of M. charantia was effective in inhibiting the hatching of Haemonchus sp., which is important to promote other bio-guided fractionation studies of this plant on different life stages of H. contortus, this being a plant species widely adapted to the conditions of the piedmont (foothills) of Meta, Colombia.
Cystoid macular edema associated with retinitis pigmentosa: clinic, diagnostic, treatment approaches
Authors: Denisova Ekaterina V. , Khrabrova Mariia A.
Published: April 2021

Retinitis pigmentosa (RP) is a genetically determined degenerative retinal disease characterized by primary progressive degeneration of rod and secondary degeneration of cone photoreceptors. Despite the fact that the central retinal zone remains relatively intact for a long time, the most common complication of RP is macular edema (ME). The causes of ME in patients with RP have not been finally established, and treatment approaches are controversial. This article presents the modern data on the pathogenesis, clinical aspects, diagnostic, and treatment methods of ME associated with RP.
The Maternity Leave and Cash Benefit Payment System for Readymade Garment (RMG) Sector of Bangladesh
Authors: Akter Salma
Published: April 2021

Maternity leave means the period of paid absence from work. This type of leave is allowed to a mother before and after the birth of a child. Naturally, the term maternity benefit is applied in case of working women. Mostly, it is related to readymade garment (RDM). It indicates the payment made to a woman for giving birth of a child. The duration of maternity leave for female worker in RMG sector of Bangladesh is 4 months (16 weeks) according to Labor Act 2006. The purpose of this study is to show the application of RMG sector’s maternity leave and to assess the level of cash benefit payment for maternity leave. The main purpose of this study is to show the discrimination between two kinds of factories (foreign owned and local owned) about the proper application of rules and Act. The information collected from those who are experienced to take maternity leave and recently take the leave and also who are preparing for the leave.

Frequency distribution has been used on the data extracted from female worker who have experience maternity leave and cash benefit payment. The result of this study is that there are two kinds of RMG sectors situations: one is called foreigner owned factory and another one is Bangali factory (local owner).Evidently, 60% get the cash payment with two terms before & after child born and 100% get the maternity leave. So, this paper will discuss about the differences of facilities, job security, cash payment, others opportunities for female in RMG sector.
Efficacy of yoga in controlling subclinical-hypothyroidism: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Nair Rukamani , Chawla Ranjna , Sood Vipin Rai , Roy B. K. , Mukherjee Somnath
Published: April 2021

Background: A huge population in India is at high-risk of developing thyroid related disorders. Unhealthy lifestyle (lack of physical activity and consumption of junk food) is common among Indian population. Yoga is a form of physical activity and helps prevent many lifestyle disorders. The research question to be addressed by this randomised controlled trial (RCT) is whether yoga based intervention is effective in preventing overt hypothyroidism among sub clinical hypothyroid people in India as compared to untreated participants.

Methods: This is a single-blinded, two-arm, parallel-group RCT. Eligible participants should be aged 21-59 years, suffering from sub clinical hypothyroidism (serum thyroid stimulating hormone i.e. TSH level 4.2 mIU/l >TSH level <10 mIU/l; T3 and T4 within normal range). At least 100 participants will be randomised either to the intervention group or the control group. Intermediate follow up at 3 month and final follow-up will be at six month post intervention. This study is designed to study the effect of yoga intervention on biochemical tests {thyroid function tests (fT3, fT4 and TSH)}, physical parameters (waist circumference, waist hip ratio, fat percentage and BMI) and psychological parameters {quality of life (QOL) as assessed by World Health Organization (WHO)-QOL, sleep quality (assessed by PSQI) and depression (assessed by BDI-II)} in sub-clinical hypothyroid patients.

Conclusions: We are now conducting a RCT in Delhi, India to assess the efficacy of yoga in preventing progression of subclinical- hypothyroidism to overt hypothyroidism. If the yoga intervention used in this study is effective, it will be a low-cost feasible treatment for subclinical hypothyroidism in India.

Trial registration: Trial registration number is CTRI/2020/03/024023.
Factors responsible for low serum vitamin-D levels in type-2 diabetes mellitus females: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Ragav E. Dinesh , S. Arthi P.
Published: April 2021

Background: Diabetes mellitus are a group of disorders as a result of reduced insulin secretion, insulin resistance, and increased glucose production and many more unknown etiologies. As compared to diabetic non-obese, diabetic obese individuals have an increased chance of 13.5 % in developing diabetic complications. Many diabetic patients are found to be vitamin-D deficient and its role in insulin regulation is being studied in many studies. Thus, diabetic complications and vitamin-D deficiency are likely to be developed in obese diabetic females.Methods: Type-2 diabetic females from 30 years to 60 years, attending in medicine as out-patient and female type-2 diabetes patients admitted in medical ward of RRMCH were assessed clinically. Parameters such as anthropometric measurements, weight, height, waist-hip ratio, tested for serum levels vitamin-D including other relevant investigations related to diabetes were done. Totally, 156 patients were assessed.Results: Assessment of 156 patients are as follows, 48.47±9.56years was the mean age of this study group. SD: 5.10±4.36 years is the mean diabetic duration of this study population. 0.98 was the mean waist-hip ratio. 98.93 cm was the mean waist circumference. 24.97 was the mean BMI. Mean fasting blood sugar (FBS) and post-prandial glucose test (PPBS) were: 202.73 mg/dl, 280.99 mg/dl respectively, 9.33% was the mean HbA1C. Majority of the females with type-2 diabetes (92.5%) had low levels of serum vitamin-D. 16.19 ng/ml was the mean serum vitamin-D levels. lower levels of serum vitamin-D were significantly associated with diabetic duration (p=0.082+), poor glycaemic control (p<0.001**) and increased BMI (p=0.011*).Conclusions: Majority of the females with type-2 diabetes mellitus were with waist-hip ratio more than 0.8 and Waist circumference more than 80 cm. Most of the study population had poor diabetic control. Lower levels of serum vitamin-D were found in almost all females with type-2 diabetes mellitus (92.5 %) and the most likely risk factor being obesity and poor glycaemic control as a conclusion of this study.
The lipid profile as a marker for predicting the severity of dengue fever
Authors: K. Ravi , N. Keerthi Kumar , Malagi Aishwarya D.
Published: April 2021

Background: Dengue fever is a mosquito-borne viral disease. WHO currently estimates 390 million dengue infections annually worldwide. In India between 2015 to 2020, out of 7,08,783 cases about 1,144 deaths have been reported according to National vector borne disease control programme data. This study aims at evaluating the changes in lipid profile among dengue patients with relation to severity and complications.Methods: It is a cross sectional observational study conducted on 200 patients. The dengue patients were grouped according to WHO classification. The lipid profile was estimated and changes in its parameters were correlated with severity of dengue infection.Results: The age distribution in our study was between 18 to 65 years with mean age of 28.5±9.2 years. As per WHO 2009 criteria out of 200 patients, 120 (60%) were dengue without warning signs, 68 (34%) were dengue with warning signs and 12 (6%) were severe dengue. There was decreased total cholesterol, LDL-C, HDL-C found in all forms of dengue and statistically significant (p<0.05) lowest levels noted in patients with severe disease according to ANOVA test. Correlation analysis showed a significant negative correlation between LDL-C (r=-0.716), HDL-C (r=-0.657) and total cholesterol(r=-0.621) with relation to severity of dengue (p<0.05).Conclusions: Results of this study showed serum cholesterol levels are important correlates of dengue pathophysiology and severity and these may be used as a marker for predicting the severity of dengue fever.
Lung cancer immunophenotypic profile: a tertiary health care institute’s experience with new WHO classification
Authors: Rajpoot Jyoti , Sushmita Shweta , Ahluwalia Charanjeet , Zaheer Sufian , Arora Rashmi , Ranga Sunil
Published: April 2021

Background: Lung cancer is one of the most common cancers accounting for 13% of all new cancer cases and 19% of cancer related deaths all over world. In India it constitutes 6.9% of all new cancer cases and 9.3% of all cancer related deaths in both sexes. The new 2015 WHO Classification recommends to apply immunohistochemistry, when possible, for small biopsies/cytology, and also for resected specimens.

Methods: An observational study with 113 cases between January 2017 to January 2019 received in the department of pathology. Morphological and immunohistochemical examination was done in each case.

Results: Based on morphology and immunohistochemistry cases were classified as adenocarcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, adeno-squamous carcinoma, small cell carcinoma, and large cell carcinoma in accordance with 2015 WHO classification.

Conclusions: Classification and staging of lung cancer at the time of diagnosis is the most important predictor of survival in the era of specific targeted therapy. Immunohistochemistry is proved to be an invaluable tool for definite categorization of lung cancer cases.
The prevalence of physical activity and perceived barriers among health care professionals in Gaza Strip/Palestine
Authors: Albelbeisi Ahmed H. , Shehada Ameer K.
Published: April 2021

Background: Physical inactivity is public health problem in the world, it has been estimated that physical inactivity one of the main risk factors for worldwide mortality, and related to more than five million deaths annually. The present study aimed to determine the prevalence of physical activity (PA) among Palestinian healthcare professionals and the main perceived barriers toward the practice of PA.

Methods: A cross-sectional, snowball sampling technique, an online questionnaire was employed among healthcare professionals. The main perceived barriers to adherence to PA were assessed by the CDC questionnaire, adherence level assessed based on the World Health Organization (WHO) recommendations. Statistical analysis was performed using statistical package for the social sciences (SPSS) version 22.

Results: There were 400 healthcare professionals included in the study, 17% were physicians, 43% were nurses, around 19% were lab-technicians, around 12% were X-ray-technicians, and around 9% were physiotherapists. Their mean (SD) age 32.6 (±8.4) years. Only 13.5% of the study participants reported that they were adherence to the practice of physical activity, the prevalence of regular physical activity among different healthcare professionals’ disciplines were reported as 6.5% for X-ray-technicians, 10.7% for lab-technicians,11.8% for physicians, 16.1% for nurses, and 18.9% for physiotherapist. The main reasons for being inactive were lack of energy, lack of willpower, lack of time, and lack of resources.

Conclusions: The healthcare professional’s adherence to physical activity is suboptimal. Varied implementation strategies targeting the barriers are extremely required, public authorities should enhance the access to physical activity infrastructure, and reinforce the change toward healthy behaviors.