bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Numerical Simulation on Coal-Fired Power Plant Flue Pipe with Different Kinds of Inner Supports
Authors: Zheng Le Yu , Geng Ye , Yuan Guo Dong , Yan Bei Bei , Long Zheng Wei , Sun Feng , Guo Xiao Ke
Published: February 2014

Large rectangular gas ducts installed in power plants usually need inner supports to ensure their stability. Generally two schemes are used for setting inner supports. One is National Standard Specification (NSS) and the other is an American Combustion Engineering company design criterion (CE). The design level of inner supports in flue pipe has a great effect on flow distribution. In this paper, three kinds of inner supports which are common in power plants are simulated by using computational fluid dynamics (CFD). Through a comprehensive analysis of their flow fields and pressure, it can be concluded that NSS inner supports which are thinner, vertical to each other and have more rows is the best design scheme among these three kinds of inner supports.
Optimization Design for the Diaphragm Spring of Automobile Clutch
Authors: Guo Cui Xia , Zhang Hong Zhi
Published: February 2014

The diaphragm spring is the key element in modern automobile clutch. Its elastic characteristic affects the overall performance of the clutch. Taking a car as an example, According to the design requirements and characteristics, it was to establish the mathematical model of optimum design of automobile clutch diaphragm spring. It was to optimize the design parameters of the basic structure of the diaphragm spring by using the MATLAB optimization toolbox. It did finite element analysis for the 3D modeling using ANSYS software. The results show that: it can be obtained more reasonably of the diaphragm spring elastic curve by the optimal design, shorten the design cycle, reduce the cost of.
Lightweight Design of Rear Axle Housing Based on FEM
Authors: Jia Guo Zhong , Yuan Yuan , Wang Song Hu
Published: February 2014

A lightweight design method is presented which depends on Finite Element Method (FEM).The goal of auto parts` lightweight design is realized based on results of mechanical calculation meanwhile combining experimental results from FEM. As an application of this method, a light truck`s rear axle housing is re-designed and related standards are satisfied. This method is of important science value and guidance meaning in many engineering fields besides in auto industry on the basis of improvement as well as rational application.
The Development of the TBM Disc Cutter Test Device for Cutting Rock
Authors: Xia Yi Min , Ouyang Tao , Xie Lv Jian , Tan Qing , Luo Chun Lei , Zhao Hai Ming , Chen Zhuo
Published: February 2014

In order to study the disc cutter cutting performance and the cutters combination feature and to explore a new high-efficiency breaking method in hard rock environment, a new multifunction disc cutter test device plan is established and carried out based on the analysis of relevant research and test equipment at home and abroad. The test device consists of a vertical loading mechanism, a longitudinal cutting mechanism, a shock loading mechanism and a control system, etc. It can be used to conduct not only single test such as cutting under static load, fragmentation under impact load, indentation test under static load and wear test of the disc cutter, but also combined cutting test under impact and static load. At last, granite was cut on this test device by the TBM disc cutter under different loads, the results are desirable and show that the test machine can provide the relevant test conditions and the basic data for the design of the TBM disc cutter.
CFD Analysis of the EGR Cooler’s Heat Transfer Performance
Authors: Liu Zhi‘en , Xu Yu
Published: February 2014

A CFD simulation of the performance of an EGR cooler was carried out. Considering the differences between the heat exchange process of its inlet portion, middle portion and outlet portion, this simulation divided the model into three parts and analyzed them in turn. For the inlet and outlet portion, the convective heat transfer model was applied; while for the middle portion, an air-solid-liquid three-phase heat transfer model, based on strong coupling was extracted. According to the geometry continuity of the model, the boundary conditions of the middle portion was determined by the simulation result of the inlet portion, and the boundary conditions of the outlet portion was determined by the simulation result of the middle portion. Ultimately, we can gain the overall temperature distribution of the EGR cooler under the premise of ensuring the accuracy of the heat transfer model and minimizing the computation. This model based on decomposition methods was applied to the temperature field simulation under different EGR cooler rate and the simulation results were in good agreement with the experimental results.
Biarc Approximations Tool-Path Generation for Polyhedral Models
Authors: Yuan En Tao , Shao Bing
Published: February 2014

An effective biarc approximate tool path generation algorithm is presented for polyhedral models. A series of sections intersect the offset surface of polyhedral models to obtain the initial tool paths. The path interval is calculated by the curvature radiuses and scallop height for offset surface models. Within the range of fitting precision, based on the biarc fitting constraint condition and adjustment parameter of curvature, iteration method is used to determine adjustment parameter of curvature radius. So the last radius for biarc is obtained for fitting the initial tool paths. Example shows the method can keep G1 biarc approximations tool path and fewer biarc segments, so the machining efficiency is improved.
Research on Improving Manufacture Reliability of Spindle Boxes Based on Manufacture Error Correlativity
Authors: Tan Zhuang , Yang Zhao Jun , Li Guo Fa , Yang Chuan Gui , Wang Song , Zhu Guang
Published: February 2014

Processing of following holes may decrease manufacture precision of processed spindle holes. To decrease the unfavorable influence on spindle holes and improve the manufacture reliability of spindle boxes, the paper applies a partial correlation relationship and hypothesis testing to find the holes which have correlation with the spindle hole. The partial least squares establishes the mathematical model of manufacture error correlativity so that the paper finds the magnitude of influence these holes has on the spindle hole through coefficients of the modeling. The model provides the foundation for improving manufacturing accuracy of holes that have great influence on spindle holes to decrease manufacturing error of the spindle hole and improve the reliability of spindle boxes. The example proves the methods applied to decrease the unfavorable influence on the spindle hole are specific and operable.
Velocities Effects on the Void Fraction Distribution in a Vertical Gas-Liquid Two-Phase Flow Channel
Authors: Zainon Mohd Zamri , Zubir Mohd Ardan , Ramli Rahizar
Published: February 2014

Measurement of void fraction in a vertically arranged gas-liquid two-phase flow channel has been conducted for wide range of flow conditions using a specially developed sensor based on electric conductance method. The effects of velocities of both phases were examined with variety of combinations using an industrial scale two-phase flow loop. The results show that at a constant rate of liquid superficial velocities the void fractions increases with the increasing gas superficial velocities and at higher velocities of liquid phase, the value of void fraction becoming lower. The average void fractions were also compared with other scholars results.
Analysis of Sealing Device Failure of HTM Pump and its Countermeasure
Authors: Zhou Min , Wang Wei Hui , Shi Yan , Wen Hua Bin
Published: February 2014

Regarding the failure of sealing device of HTM pump in polyester production, this paper analyzes its causes and puts forward the measure for improving the sealing device to achieve the long time and safe operation of sealing device in HTM pump.
Searching the Cause and Elimination Method of the Tripping of Traction Power Supply
Authors: Guo Yan Hong
Published: February 2014

The tripping of traction power supply is the direct embodiment of the bad running condition of the traction power supply. Equipment which threat the safe operation of traction power supply equipment. So quickly organizing to find out the cause of the tripping of traction power supply and find the real reason is of great significance to eliminate hidden dangers and guide accident repair.
Reliability Analysis and Experimental Research on Cutting Tool of Vertical Shearing Machine
Authors: Zou Su Liang , Xie Yu Peng , Wang Kun , Tang De Wen
Published: February 2014

The failure cause and failure mode of cutting tool is analyzed based on the reliability analysis on cutting tool of vertical shearing machine. Reliability calculation model is established, and experimental research on cutting tool is operated. The results show that the critical failure mode of cutting tool is electric die grinder .The crucial failure cause is that in the shearing process, the UO2 ceramic in the fuel components is crushed into particles with high hardness, these hard material will lead to tool wear. The reliability of cutting tool is 0.892, which cant achieve the spent fuel reprocessing working shearing machine reliability requirements. The structure and materials of cutting tool must be improved. The parallel distance between the upper surface of cutting tool and the lower surface of the pressing block has to be adjusted.
Dynamics Simulation Analysis on Hydraulic Excavator Working Mechanism Based on Rigid-Flexible Coupled Modeling
Authors: Shi Hai Song , Wang Li Hua , Yang Zhu , Wang Peng Cheng
Published: February 2014

Taking a type excavator as an example, three-dimensional model was established using CATIA software, using the ADAMS software to the dynamic simulation analysis; get the movable arm hinged point load curve. The maximum load into ANSYS finite element analysis was carried out on the derrick structure, derived from ANSYS MNF file imports ADAMS to get the coupled model and dynamics analysis, get the time-varying curve working device. Results show that the coupled model is more in line with the actual, work can be more fairly reflect device performance, can provide the basis for further optimization of the structure of excavator.
The CAE Analysis for Thin-Walled Plastic Parts Vacuum Casting
Authors: Guo Hua , Zhou Ying Ting
Published: February 2014

Due to the 3c products develop faster in the direction of thin, light, short and small, thin-walled plastic parts of the vacuum casting attaches great importance to people. The quality of the thin-walled plastic parts can be guaranteed with the method of vacuum casting numberical simulation . Using Moldflow, we analyze the best location of the gate、the fluidity of the material casted in the mold and produce a vacuum casting part .The vacuum casting basic process was described in this paper. The CAE (Computer Aided Engineering) analysis applied to vacuum casting effectively guide rapid mold made.
Estimation on Unknown Function of a Class of Generalized Nonlinear Volterra-Fredholm Type Difference Inequality
Authors: Wang Wu Sheng
Published: February 2014

The main objective of this paper is to establish a class of new nonlinear Volterra-Fredholm type difference inequality. Upper bound estimations of unknown functions are given by technique of change of variable, amplification method, difference and summation and inverse function. The derived results can be applied in the study of solutions of Volterra-Fredholm type difference equations.
Two Iterative Discrete Inequalities
Authors: Lu Yu Song , Wang Wu Sheng
Published: February 2014

In this paper, two discrete inequalities with iterative summation are discussed. By technique of change of variable, comparison principle, amplification method, difference and summation, upper bound estimations of unknown functions are given. The derived results can be applied in the study of solutions of difference equations.
Modal Analysis of Oversize Ball Mill Tube Based on ANSYS
Authors: Chen Li Tao , Xue Yu Jun , Liu Yi , Li Ji Shun
Published: February 2014

The ball mill is one kind of breaking plants which used widely in building materials, metallurgy, mineral processing and so on. The finite element method is used to build the model of the 7.32× 11.28 overflow type ball mill. And then modal analysis of oversize ball mill tube is carried out by ANSYS workbench, which leads to the intrinsic frequency and model of vibration of tube. The analysis result can be reference for the design of ball mill.
The Traveling Wave Solutions of Nonlinear Beam Equations by Tanh-Function Method
Authors: Chang Jing , Zhao Xin , Liu Li Huan , Liang Xin
Published: February 2014

The nonlinear beam equation are real physical models, most of physical phenomena is described by nonlinear partial differential equations. In this work, we employ the tanh-function method to obtain new travelling wave solutions of nonlinear Beam equations.
Loader Fatigue Correlation Analysis on the Lab Conditions and Theoretical Calculation
Authors: Lin Hao Jing , Lin Shao Fen
Published: February 2014

This article proposes whether fatigue failure is same under laboratory condition and theoretical calculation based on loader fatigue test. Analyzing and calculating the loading cycles, then counting by counting method, then obtain the S-N curve of loader by finite element method. Combines gray correlation theory to analyses the correlation of fatigue failure between laboratory condition and theoretical calculation.
ANSYS-Based Finite Element Analysis on TBM Disc Cutter
Authors: Zhang Ke , Wang Zi Nan , Sun Hong , Sun Jian , Wu Yu Hou
Published: February 2014

The purpose of the essay is to know the rock fragmentation mechanism of TBM and improve the efficiency of disc cutter. The method of simulation is applied. The cutter ring and cutter axis surface stress distribution are studied under different rocks and the change of them is analyzed under different penetrations. Under different rocks conditions, the cutter ring surface stress is affected due to the change of rock load; the same rock condition, it is changed along with the change of penetrations. But the cutter axis surface stress changes little. In different rocks conditions, the change of stress on the cutter ring surface is proportional to rock ultimate stress; the same rock condition, it is proportional to the penetration of the cutter ring. The results are significant in improving the working efficiency of disc cutter.
Research and Design of Remote Surveillance System Based on the Internet of Things
Authors: Yang Jun Jin , Fu Cheng Hua , Dong Zi Qi
Published: February 2014

This paper presents a remote security system based on the Internet of things. The system uses S3C2440 as the control core, Linux operating system as the software platform, combined with remote security system construction of GPRS communication technology. The system introduces V4L2 camera video capture process based on Linux operating system, the GPRS module alarm information sending and receiving process, and the project of Android platform video monitoring software. At last, experiments show the system can monitor designated area. When meeting a critical situation,it will automatically alarm. It is of far-reaching significance.
Research of Defect Detection Method Noise for Bevel Gear
Authors: Dai Feng Yan , Shi Zhao Yao , Lin Jia Chun
Published: February 2014

Noise signal analysis method is widely available for gearbox bevel gear fault detection. However, the noise from the gearbox is usually concealed by background noise, which leads to poor efficiency analysis. This paper reports an ensemble empirical mode decomposition (EEMD) and neural network method for bevel gear fault detection. To extract useful signal, EEMD algorithm was firstly applied to get rid of the background noise. Characteristics from a group of discriminating defect status were then chosen to build the eigenvector. Finally, the eigenvector was imported into a back propagation (BP) neural network classifier for defect diagnosis automatically. Experimental results show that the proposed approach is capable for signal denoising and providing distinguishing characteristics of founded fault. The developed method is an accurate approach to detect fault for tested bevel gear.
The Measurement and Analysis System Development of 3D Roll Forming Machine Dynamic Characteristics Based on Virtual Instrument
Authors: Hu Yuan Sheng , Li Qiang , Guan Yan Zhi
Published: February 2014

For the study dynamic characteristics of three-dimensional roll forming machine, this paper develops a dynamic characteristics measurement and analysis system of three-dimensional roll forming machine, which is based on the U.S. NI company software development platform, including the development of hardware and software part .The realization of dimensional roll forming machine dynamics parameters collection and analysis, the experiment proved that the test system can be easily field measurements demand dynamics parameters, to improve the three-dimensional roll forming machine precision and control accuracy to provide an experimental basis.
The Parameterization Design of Standard Parts Based on UG Part Families and Excel Database
Authors: Yan Han , Liu Hong Bin , Wu Lei
Published: February 2014

With the development of mechanical industry, more and more standard parts have been used in all kinds of large assembly process. The same kinds but different types of standard parts are used, making it boring and difficult to build standard parts. Therefore, this article describes a rapid modeling method of standard parts Based on UG Part Families and Excel database. According to the concrete examples, the procedures for establishing the standard parts library were presented. The method is simple and practical, no secondary development is needed and the design efficiency is increased.
An Automatic Paperless Velocity Measuring and Recording System
Authors: Cao Jian Sheng , Zhang Wan Jun , Zeng Xin Hua
Published: February 2014

Automatic monitoring of hydrologic properties such as water velocity at short-time intervals is critical for understanding watershed eco-hydrological processes. This can also be used to study the laws of stream flows and interactions ecological process. The advent of modern electronic technology (and the near-perfection of especially sensor and data collection technologies), has made it possible to use automatic monitoring systems to continuously measure hydrologic properties at short-time intervals. This paper introduces one such paperless flow velocity measuring/recoding system. The system uses a photoelectric sensor that is mainly comprised of photoelectric velocity sensor and pulse recorder. The system uses propellers (with reflective panels and photoemission cells) to transform flow velocities into optical pulse signals. It also uses photosensitive tubes to transform optical pulse signals into electric pulse signals. The electric pulse counts (generated in unit time) are recorded via pulse recorders. This therefore accomplishes automatic monitoring and continuous recording of fluid flow velocity.
De-Noising and Analyzing for Non-Stationary Signal Based on MATLAB
Authors: Cheng Xian , Dong Wei Min
Published: February 2014

This paper studies the application of wavelet analysis in the fault diagnosis of mechanical system which describes the principle of wavelet analysis and its application in fault diagnosis of gear mechanism. It can identify and eliminate the failure by analyzing the vibration signal obtained from the fault simulation experiment of gear transmission system. Wavelet analysis in MATLAB can extract some important fault characteristics that the other methods cannot extract them. Application of wavelet analysis in the fault diagnosis of gear transmission system is effective by pretreating the characteristic information that extracted from gear transmission system.
Study of Anti-Radiation Sensor Technology for Fault Diagnosis System of Nuclear Facilities
Authors: Yuan Feng Wei , Deng Qian , Wang Yu Lin
Published: February 2014

Due to the complex structure of nuclear facilities in a high irradiation environment, people were hard to approach it, In view of these situation a fault diagnosis method based on HMM(Hidden Markov Model) of capturing the audio signal while facilities were operating was proposed. With the strong modeling ability, HMM could be applied to analyzing such as audio signal non-stationary time signal. By using this method, the original mechanical structures of nuclear facilities were not destroyed. The preposed sensors were needed as few as possible by the whole diagnosis system and which had a simple structure, low cost structure, the fault diagnosis rate was high and so on. State monitoring and fault diagnosis system of complex nuclear ower equipment could timely and effective to provide running status and potential failure information for operating personnel, which had a vital significance for the safe and reliable operation of nuclear power equipment.
Cone Crusher Simulation Based on PFC3D
Authors: Yang Guang Yan , Wang Bao Jun
Published: February 2014

As the movement condition of the material in crushers and crushing process is very complex, it is hard to measure and observation directly or indirectly. It helps a lot for analyzing of the raw material and crusher interaction, optimizing design crusher, analyzing of the law crushing to analyze the crushing process of the material in the crushers. Therefore, the article explores the use of PFC3Dprogram to simulate the process of cone crushers crushing the material. It analyses the feasibility of using PFC3Dprogram to simulate the crushing process. It does the kinematics simulation of the material crushing in cone crusher. The data in the paper can provide certain reference in designing new and more efficient crusher.
Design of a Giant Magnetostrictive Actuator and Research on the Effect of Water Cooling System
Authors: Yan Rong Ge , Zhu Li Hua , Dong Xiao Xing
Published: February 2014

Actuators made of giant magnetostrictive materials (GMM) have good application prospect in the precise driving. Because characteristics of GMM are very sensitive to temperature, the coil thermal effect will cause phenomenon of heat expansion and cold contraction in GMM, which affects the precise displacement output of the actuator. Coil skeleton and water cooling system are installed between the coil and the GMM rod in this design. The effect of water cooling system on the coil temperature rise is experimental studied. It is found that water cooling system can effectively reduce the influence of the coil temperature rise on displacement output of the GMM rod. Water cooling system has greatly improved the coil operating temperature when current is low, while cooling effect is not big for the larger current. That is because the coil heating is strong and the water can not immediately take away the heat. But coil temperature rise is still limited in allowable range. Thus, experiment results show that water cooling system can effectively ensure output precision of the GMM actuator.
Software and Hardware Design of Signal Acquisition System about Electro-Hydraulic Control System of Hydraulic Support
Authors: Zhang Xi , Xia Peng , Cui Ya Bin , Liu Yong Qi , Liu Xin Xing , Wang Yan Yan
Published: February 2014

Electro-hydraulic control system of hydraulic support in addition to being able to control the basic movements of hydraulic support, also can work for signal acquisition of mining environment, including pressure of column pressure, displacement of push lutetium and pull support etc. The electro-hydraulic control system is presented in this paper, on the basis of the original control function added signal acquisition module, and designed the hardware and software.
Fuzzy Logic Control of the Marine Permanent Magnet Synchronous Propulsion Motor with Direct Torque Control System
Authors: Zhang Chun Yang , Zhang Jin Nan , Sun Cai Qin
Published: February 2014

As to the ripple problem of the direct torque control system of permanent magnet synchronous motor, this paper present a new method based on the fuzzy logic control. The new method replaces the traditional hysteresis torque controller by a fuzzy logic controller to realize the low ripple effect of the torque and the flux linkage. Also this paper modeling and simulate the new control system using the FIS toolbox provided by the Matlab/Simulink software, and the simulation results shows that the fuzzy control method is far more better than the traditional direct torque control system.
Design and Establishment of HIL Testing Bench for Electromagnetic and Hydraulic Hybrid Brake System
Authors: Liu Xue Jun , He Ren , Liu Cun Xiang , Zhang Er Li
Published: February 2014

This paper discussed the brake performance and reviewed the research progress of the eddy current-hydraulic hybrid brake system. The paper mainly described the design principle of HIL testing bench, and presented a structure drawing of HIL testing bench. Based on the basic principle and structure of HIL testing bench, a real testing bench including hardware, software, interface, and virtual controller on PCs etc., is manufactured. Through two kinds of experiments on wet and dry road, the results indicates that the hybrid brake system has a perfect performance, the HIL testing bench of hybrid brake system is very convenient to study and simulate the braking system. Because the simulation on PCs cannot solve lots of actual problems, with the HIL testing bench, more actual research project can be done in the future.
Research on the Dynamic Model and ECU HIL Simulation System of Electronic-Controlled Engine
Authors: Li Jian Wen , Dong Hong Guo , Wang Yue , Zhang Si , Xu Zheng Fei
Published: February 2014

An ECU hardware-in-loop simulation system for electronic-controlled engine in better real-time and augmentability is built. We establish a dynamic average model of the electronic-controlled engine and put emphasis on analysing its fuel and oil slick modelmass flow model of intake manifold air and the sub-model of inlet manifold pressure. The engine model has fewer parameters and lower orders in order to adjust and set parameters; We propose a building program based on virtual instrument technology and adopts the chip TMS320F2812-DSP to design a signal interface system used to achieve the simulation for sensor signal and the collection of ECU output signal. Through the verification of simulating experimental data, it's proved that the established model of electronic-controlled engine has suitable steps and good real-time performance, building a good foundation for further experimental design and research in the future.
In Situ Three-Dimensional Orientation Mapping in Plastically-Deformed Polycrystalline Iron by Three-Dimensional X-Ray Diffraction
Authors: Hayashi Yujiro , Hirose Yoshiharu , Setoyama Daigo
Published: February 2014

In situ three-dimensional crystallographic orientation mapping in plastically-deformed polycrystalline iron is demonstrated using a modified three-dimensional x-ray diffraction method. This voxel-by-voxel measurement method enables the observation of intragranular orientation distribution. The experiment is performed using coarse-grained ferrite with a mean grain size of ~ 60 μm and an incident x-ray beam with a beam size of 20 μm × 20 μm. Grains averagely rotate approximately toward the <110> preferred orientation of body-centered cubic uniaxial tensile texture. Intragranular orientation distributions are spread as the tensile strain increases to 10.7 %. Furthermore, intragranular multidirectional rotations are observed in grains near the <100> and <111> corners in the inverse pole figure.
Strain and Texture Investigations by Means of Neutron Time-of-Flight Diffraction: Application to Polyphase Gneisses
Authors: Scheffzuek Christian , Ullemeyer K. , Vasin R.A. , Naumann R. , Schilling F.R.
Published: February 2014

Two polyphase gneiss samples (Western Alps, Switzerland) consisting of quartz, albite, muscovite and microcline have been investigated with respect to anisotropic physical properties - residual and applied strain - and crystallographic preferred orientations. The samples were taken in close vicinity to a fault structure. For texture evaluation the 'Rietveld texture analysis' has been applied, because reliable texture analysis of polyphase rocks from pole figures is problematic due to multiple peak overlaps. The quartz textures of both samples are strong and rather similar, whereas albite and microcline show a nearly random distribution. In contrast, the mica texture is pronounced and complex. The basal plane normals of muscovite are preferably oriented parallel to [-direction of the structural reference frame and switch to [-direction with residual orientations in [ and a transition into the [-[-plane within the fault. This might be the result of quartz recrystallization, if mica is used as reference according the applied stress field. A residual strain scan has been carried out along the axis of a cylindrical sample (d = 30 mm, l = 60 mm). Residual strain values of quartz have been detected with a minimum of-1.6×10-3, and maximum strain values of 1.2×10-3. Uniaxial compression experiments in discrete steps up to 53 MPa were performed, for each step the applied and residual strains were determined. The strain increases up to 28 MPa; surprisingly, lower strain values are detected at higher applied stresses.
The New Materials Science Diffractometer RSD at CIAE
Authors: Li Jun Hong , Liu Yun Tao , Gao Jian Bo , Hu Rui , Liu Rong Deng , Sun Shuo , Li Ji Zhou , Chen Dong Feng
Published: February 2014

China Advanced Research Reactor (CARR) is a 60 MW tank-in-pool inverse neutron trap type reactor at CIAE. In order to use the non-destructive analytical techniques for phase specific residual stresses research, the new materials science diffractometer RSD was designed at CARR, which is one of the first commissioned instruments to meet the demand of industrial applications.
The system comprises two types of monochromator, mosaic flat copper (220) and perfect double focusing silicon (311). The take-off angle of monochromator could change continuously from 41 to 109 degree. Therefore the neutron wavelength varies from 0.895 and 2.666 angstrom. The detector is a one dimension position sensitive detector. Various affiliated equipments enable it to do texture and tensional experiments. The best resolution could reach 0.2% using double focusing Si (311) monochromator.
When RSD is available for routine operation, some research work in the field of nuclear industrial and aviatic engineering materials will be carried out using the beam of CARR.
Characterization of New Generations of Implants at the Interface with Bone by Synchrotron Radiation
Authors: Benmarouane Abdelilah , Citterio Hélène , Millet Pierre , Buslaps Thomas , Lodini Alain
Published: February 2014

The aim of this work was to study the implant-bone interface by synchrotron radiation in order to show the evolution of the crystallites of hydroxyapatite (Hap) reconstituted at the interface with the implant. The implant used an orthopaedic surgery is the Titanium alloy (Ti-6Al-4V), the implants are currently coated with (HAp), Ca10 (PO4)6 (OH)2, in order to obtain a stable and functional direct connection between the bone and the implant. In this work, two implants have been used, the first one coated with HAp and the second uncoated. At the implant-bone interface, the new bone reconstituted after two months of implantation must have the same properties like the natural bone in order to accept the implant. Therefore we studied the crytallinity index and texture of the new bone crystals reconstituted at the interface using synchrotron radiation on ID15 at ESRF in Grenoble, France.
The Role of Metallurgical Solid State Phase Transformations on the Formation of Residual Stress in Laser Cladding and Heating
Authors: Cottam Ryan , Luzin Vladimir , Thorogood Kevin , Wong Yat C. , Brandt Milan
Published: February 2014

There are two major types of solid state phase transformations in metallic materials; the formation of second phase particles during heat treatments, and the transformation of the matrix from one crystalline packing arrangement to another during either heating or cooling. These transformations change the spacing between adjacent atoms and can thus influence the residual stress levels formed. The heating and cooling cycles of materials processing operations using lasers such as cladding and melting/heating, can induce phase transformations depending on the character of the material being processed. This paper compares the effects of the different phase transformations and also the influence of the type of laser processing on the final residual stress formed. The comparisons are made between laser clad AA7075, laser clad Ti-6Al-4V and laser melted nickel-aluminium bronze using neutron diffraction and the contour method of measuring residual stress.
Evaluation of the Residual Stress in the Cold Spray Technique Using Smooth Particle Hydrodynamics Modelling and Neutron Diffraction
Authors: Saleh Michael , Luzin Vladimir , Spencer Kevin
Published: February 2014

Cold spray is a material deposition technique in which powdered metals are deposited onto metallic and glass substrates as a means of improving functionality, repair or protection of the underlying substrate. The residual stress that builds up in the material during spraying is closely linked to the coating’s integrity and the bonding mechanism. Neutron diffraction residual stresses measurements were carried out at the OPAL research reactor, ANSTO, using the KOWARI strain scanner to investigate an Al-6061 sample with a fine through-thickness resolution of 0.5 mm. The experimentally determined through thickness stress profiles of the macroscopically thick coatings were used to validate FE calculations made for 100 μm thick coatings using the Smooth Particle Hydrodynamics, SPH, techniques. A pronounced plastic strain gradient was apparent in the tested and modelled samples indicative of the significant residual macro-stresses which develop in the cladding/substrate during the deposition. Around the deposited particle’s periphery (in the jetting region) the temperatures are significant, this lends itself to the presence of grain refinement at the periphery of sprayed particles and the propagation of dynamic recrystallization which is closely coupled with the thermal softening of the particle.
Strain Analysis in Geological Materials Using Neutron Diffraction and AE Signal Measurement at J-PARC/BL19 "TAKUMI"
Authors: Abe Jun , Sekine Kotaro , Harjo Stefanus , Gong Wu , Aizawa Kazuya
Published: February 2014

Acoustic emission (AE) is defined as a transient elastic wave generated by the rapid release of energy within a material. Crack initiation, phase transition and rupturing in rock materials are all detectable with the measurement of AE signals, and therefore such measurement helps to understand the underlying mechanism (s) of macroscopic deformation. In this study of the deformation mechanism (s) of rock samples, simultaneous measurements of the neutron diffraction pattern and AE signals were performed using the Engineering Materials Diffractometer TAKUMI at the Japan Proton Accelerator Research Complex (J-PARC). Two types of rock sample were tested in the experiments: sandstone and carbonate rock. A discrepancy was found between macroscopic strain (measured by strain gauge) and lattice strain (measured by neutron diffraction), and AE signals that would be generated by grain slip and pore collapse in rock samples were detected. Macroscopic strain in the rock samples was associated not only with lattice strain but also with mineral grain slip and pore collapse within the rock. The combination of AE signal measurements and neutron diffraction is an effective tool for investigating the deformation mechanisms of rock materials.
Stress Distribution in Iron Powder during Die Compaction
Authors: Kisi Erich H. , Wensrich Christopher M. , Luzin Vladimir , Kirstein Oliver
Published: February 2014

The unique and unusual state of matter represented by granular materials has historically made it very difficult to develop models of stress distributions and was previously not able to be explored experimentally in the required detail. This paper reports the application of the neutron diffraction strain scanning method, originally developed for residual stress measurements within engineering components, to the problem of the stress distribution in granular Fe under a consolidating pressure. Strains were measured in axial, radial, circumferential and an oblique direction using the neutron strain scanning diffractometer KOWARI at ANSTO (Sydney). The full stress tensor as a function of position was able to be extracted for both straight walled, converging and stepped dies.
Residual Stresses Distribution Measured by Neutron Diffraction in Fabricated Square High Strength Steel Tubes
Authors: Mashiri Fidelis R. , Paradowska Anna M. , Uy Brian , Tao Zhong , Khan Mahbub , Dayal Pranesh
Published: February 2014

Engineers are increasingly encouraged to consider sustainability in the design and construction of new civil engineering infrastructure. Sustainability can be achieved through the use of high strength materials thereby reducing quantity of materials required in construction where possible. Knowledge of residual stresses in fabricated columns is important in identifying whether the fabricated columns can be classified as heavily welded (HW) or lightly welded (LW). The determination of residual stresses can be used to determine the local buckling of stub columns. Residual stress magnitudes are also essential in the numerical modelling of buckling behaviour of columns. This paper outlines the challenges in measurement of residual stresses using neutron diffraction in fabricated high strength steel square tubes. The residual stress line scans and maps were measured using the Kowari Strain Scanner located at the Australian Nuclear and Science Organisation (ANSTO) in Australia.
A Mirror Furnace for In Situ Residual Stress Measurements by Neutron Diffraction
Authors: Gao Jian Bo , Chen Dong Feng , Li Jun Hong , Liu Yun Tao
Published: February 2014

A mirror furnace for in situ residual stress measurements by neutron diffraction is designed. Bulk and stick sample can be in situ heated up to 1000 degrees centigrade. The stability of the temperature is better than ±1 degree centigrade. This furnace is designed mainly for residual stress neutron diffraction experiments. And also it can be applied to some other neutron instruments such as neutron texture diffractometer, neutron powder diffractometer and triple axis spectrometer.
A Validated Numerical Model for Residual Stress Predictions in an Eight-Pass-Welded Stainless Steel Plate
Authors: Patel Vipulkumar I. , Muránsky Ondrej , Hamelin Cory J. , Olson Mitch D. , Hill Michael R. , Edwards Lyndon
Published: February 2014

Welding processes create a complex transient state of temperature that results in post-weld residual stresses. The current work presents a finite element (FE) analysis of the residual stress distribution in an eight-pass slot weld, conducted using a 316L austenitic stainless steel plate with 308L stainless steel filler metal. A thermal FE model is used to calibrate the transient thermal profile applied during the welding process. Time-resolved body heat flux data from this model is then used in a mechanical FE analysis to predict the resultant post-weld residual stress field. The mechanical analysis made use of the Lemaitre-Chaboche mixed isotropic-kinematic work-hardening model to accurately capture the constitutive response of the 316L weldment during the simulated multi-pass weld process, which results in an applied cyclic thermo-mechanical loading. The analysis is validated by contour method measurements performed on a representative weld specimen. Reasonable agreement between the predicted longitudinal residual stress field and contour measurement is observed, giving confidence in the results of measurements and FE weld model presented.
Improving Beamtime Efficiency for Residual Stress Neutron Experiments
Authors: Boin Mirko , Wimpory Robert Charles , Randau Christian
Published: February 2014

Starting during the shut-down of the HZB research reactor BER-II in 2011/2012 the E3 residual stress and texture diffractometer in Berlin underwent a comprehensive upgrade. The investments were broken down into different criteria, such as enhancing the instrument performance and accuracy as well as extending the range of applications for the user community. Here, we report about the gains achieved after integrating and commissioning the individual hardware and software tools included in the upgrade project, namely a motorized primary slit to accurately adjust the gauge volume, a secondary optics radial collimator and a laser scanner to precisely and quickly align the sample. The integration of the presented devices is further supported by software developments to shorten the instrument alignment procedure and measurement time. The upgrade has improved the efficiency of the available neutron beamtime.
Neutron Diffraction and Acoustic Emission Study of Mg-Al-Sr Alloy Reinforced with Short Saffil® Fibers Deformed in Compression
Authors: Farkas Gergely , Máthis Kristián , Lukáš Petr , Pilch Jan , Vrána Miroslav , Janeček Miloš , Trojanová Zuzanka
Published: February 2014

Neutron diffraction method has been applied in theex-situinvestigation of the residual stresses in Mg-5wt.%Al-1 wt.%Sr (AJ51) magnesium alloy reinforced with short Saffil® fibers deformed in compression at room temperature. The residual stresses were measured in the axial and radial directions with respect to the load direction. It is shown that in the initial state the tensile stress is present in the matrix phase. Thein-situacoustic emission measurements were performed with the aim to reveal the main deformation mechanisms operating in the particular stages of the plastic deformation. Ex-situ neutron diffractions experiments showed that the tensile axial residual stress in the matrix increases with increasing plastic deformation while the radial residual stress decreases. In situ acoustic emission measurements indicate that the main deformation mechanisms are twinning and glide of bigger dislocation ensembles in the early stages of the compressive deformation while the fibers breakage was observed in the vicinity of the maximum stress.
CD24-Triggered Caspase-Dependent Apoptosis via Mitochondrial Membrane Depolarization and Reactive Oxygen Species Production of Human Neutrophils Is Impaired in Sepsis
Authors: Parlato Marianna , Souza-Fonseca-Guimaraes Fernando , Philippart François , Misset Benoît ,   Captain Study Group, Jacqmin Sébastien , Journois Didier , Lagrange Alix , Pinot de Villechenon Gabrielle , Aissaoui Nadia , Diehl Jean-Luc , Guerot Emmanuel , Venot Marion , Hamzaoui Olfa , Prat Dominique , Sztrymf Benjamin , Annane Djillali , Maxime Virginie , Polito Andrea , Lecomte Laurence , Bournaud Elsa , Audureau Etienne , Quinquis Laurent , Rouquette Alexandra , Bruel Cédric , Fournier Julien , Garrouste-Orgeas Maïté , Gregoire Charles , Lau Nicolas , Max Adeline , Bouhemad Belaïd , Ethuin Frédéric , Bedos Jean-Pierre , Crosnier Pierrick , Laurent Virginie , Merceron Sybille , Pachot Alexandre , Moucadel Virginie , Fitting Catherine , Puchois Virginie , Adib-Conquy Minou , Cavaillon Jean-Marc
Published: February 2014

Apoptosis is the most common pathway of neutrophil death under both physiological and inflammatory conditions. In this study, we describe an apoptotic pathway in human neutrophils that is triggered via the surface molecule CD24. In normal neutrophils, CD24 ligation induces death through depolarization of the mitochondrial membrane in a manner dependent on caspase-3 and caspase-9 and reactive oxygen species. Proinflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α, IFN-γ, and GM-CSF upregulated the expression of CD24 in vitro, favoring the emergence of a new CD16high/CD24high subset of cultured neutrophils. We observed that CD24 expression (at both mRNA and protein levels) was significantly downregulated in neutrophils from sepsis patients but not from patients with systemic inflammatory response syndrome. This downregulation was reproduced by incubation of neutrophils from healthy controls with corticosteroids or with plasma collected from sepsis patients, but not with IL-10 or TGF-β. Decreased CD24 expression observed on sepsis neutrophils was associated with lack of functionality of the molecule, because cross-ligation of CD24 failed to trigger apoptosis in neutrophils from sepsis patients. Our results suggest a novel aspect of CD24-mediated immunoregulation and represent, to our knowledge, the first report showing the role of CD24 in the delayed/defective cell death in sepsis.
All-Trans Retinoic Acid–Triggered Antimicrobial Activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis Is Dependent on NPC2
Authors: Wheelwright Matthew , Kim Elliot W. , Inkeles Megan S. , De Leon Avelino , Pellegrini Matteo , Krutzik Stephan R. , Liu Philip T.
Published: February 2014

A role for vitamin A in host defense against Mycobacterium tuberculosis has been suggested through epidemiological and in vitro studies; however, the mechanism is unclear. In this study, we demonstrate that vitamin A–triggered antimicrobial activity against M. tuberculosis requires expression of NPC2. Comparison of monocytes stimulated with all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) or 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25D3), the biologically active forms of vitamin A and vitamin D, respectively, indicates that ATRA and 1,25D3 induce mechanistically distinct antimicrobial activities. Stimulation of primary human monocytes with ATRA did not result in expression of the antimicrobial peptide cathelicidin, which is required for 1,25D3 antimicrobial activity. In contrast, ATRA triggered a reduction in the total cellular cholesterol concentration, whereas 1,25D3 did not. Blocking ATRA-induced cellular cholesterol reduction inhibits antimicrobial activity as well. Bioinformatic analysis of ATRA- and 1,25D3-induced gene profiles suggests that NPC2 is a key gene in ATRA-induced cholesterol regulation. Knockdown experiments demonstrate that ATRA-mediated decrease in total cellular cholesterol content and increase in lysosomal acidification are both dependent upon expression of NPC2. Expression of NPC2 was lower in caseous tuberculosis granulomas and M. tuberculosis–infected monocytes compared with normal lung and uninfected cells, respectively. Loss of NPC2 expression ablated ATRA-induced antimicrobial activity. Taken together, these results suggest that the vitamin A–mediated antimicrobial mechanism against M. tuberculosis requires NPC2-dependent expression and function, indicating a key role for cellular cholesterol regulation in the innate immune response.