bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Beyond Charity
Authors: Loescher Gil
Published: October 2023

With more than 18 million refugees worldwide, the refugee problem tops the agenda in intergovernmental meetings and has fostered an intense debate regarding what political changes are necessary in the international system to provide effective solutions in the 1990s and beyond. In the past, refugees have been perceived largely as a problem of international charity, but as the end of the Cold War triggers new refugee movements across the globe, governments are being forced to develop a more systematic approach to the refugee problem. Beyond Charity provides the first extensive overview of the world refugee crisis today, asserting that refugees are a political issue and must be dealt with as such. Gil Loescher argues persuasively that a central challenge in the post Cold-War era is to develop a comprehensive refugee policy that preserves the right of asylum while promoting greater political and diplomatic efforts to address the causes of flight. He presents the contemporary crisis in a historical framework and explores the changing role of the United Nations Office of the High Commissioner for Refugees. Loescher suggests short-term and long-term reforms that address both the current refugee crisis and its underlying causes. The book also details the ways governmental structures and international organizations could be strengthened to assume more effective assistance, protection, and political mediation functions. Beyond Charity clarifies the complex issues surrounding the global refugee crisis and offers directions for more effective approaches to refugee problems at present and in the future.
The Public Prints
Authors: Clark Charles E
Published: October 2023

The Public Prints is the first comprehensive study of the role of the earliest American newspapers in the society and culture of the eighteenth century. In the hands of Charles E. Clark, American newspaper publishing becomes a branch of the English world of print in a story that begins in the bustling streets of late seventeenth-century London and moves to the provincial towns of England and across the Atlantic. While Clark's most detailed attention in America is to the three multi-newspaper towns of Boston, New York, and Philadelphia, evidence from Williamsburg, Charleston, and Barbados also contributes to generalizations about the craft and business of eighteenth-century publishing. Stressing continuing trans-Atlantic connections as well as English origins, Clark argues that the newspapers were a force both for `anglicization' in their attempts to replicate English culture in America and for `Americanization' in creating a fuller awareness of the British-American experience across colonial boundaries. He suggests, finally, that the newspapers' greatest cultural role in provincial America was the creation of a community bound by the celebration of common values and attachments through the shared ritual of reading.
The Nazi Connection
Authors: Kühl Stefan
Published: October 2023

In this explosive new book, Stefan Kühl shows for the first time the full extent of eugenic/racist connections between Nazi Germany and the United States. Drawing on exhaustive original research, Kühl shows that German and American eugenic/racist theories were mutually influential, from Hitler acknowledging a debt to the US Immigration Restriction Act for his views on the exclusion of `undesirables' to the collaboration between scientists of both nations throughout the 1930s. He also reveals the links between Nazi and American views on racial purity. Exposing the key part Americans played in the furtherance of international racism, this compelling book draws the uncomfortable conclusion that while other nations may not have planned the mass killings ordered by the Nazis, the responsibility for them extends beyond Germany.
The Berlin Jewish Community
Authors: Lowenstein Steven M
Published: October 2023

The Berlin Jewish community was both the pioneer in intellectual modernization and the first to experience a crisis of modernity. This original and imaginative book connects intellectual and political transformation with the social structures and daily activities of the Jewish community. Steven M. Lowenstein has used extraordinarily rich documentation about the life of Berlin Jewry in the period and assembled a collective biography of the entire community of Berlin Jews. He has examined tax lists, subscription lists, genealogical records, and address lists as well as kosher meat accounts to give us a vivid picture of daily life. On another level in detailing the complexity of Jewish life in Berlin during this period, this book illuminates the connections between the "peaceful stage" of enlightenment and the crisis that followed.
Strategic Management For Nonprofit Organizations
Authors: Oster Sharon M
Published: October 2023

Nonprofit organizations in the U.S. earn more than $100 billion annually, and number over a million different organizations. They face increasing competition for donor's dollars and many of the issues they confront are similar to those confronted by for-profit organizations. This book applies powerful concepts of strategic management developed originally in the for-profit sector to the management of nonprofits. It describes the preparation of a strategic plan consistent with the resources available; it analyses the operational tasks in executing the plan; and describes the ways in which nonprofits need to change in order to remain competitive. The book draws clear distinctions between the different challenges encountered by nonprofits operating in different industries. It will be useful for managers in such diverse organizations as the Santa Fe Opera, the Salvation Army, and the National Football League.
Historical and Contemporary Mortality Patterns in Polynesia
Authors: Kunitz Stephen J
Published: October 2023

In this chapter I shall consider the impact that different patterns of European contact have had on the evolution of mortality and epidemiologic regimes in Polynesia. This is as close to an ideal place as the observational scientist can find to examine these issues, for the biological and cultural similarities among peoples scattered across thousands of miles of ocean and different island environments have been obvious to observers since the first European contact (see Figure 3-1). Perhaps unique in the world, Polynesia thus lends itself to the method of controlled comparison, which is as close as the observational scientist can come to an experimental situation.
A Practical Theory of Versions
Authors: Stillinger Jack
Published: October 2023

In the preceding chapters, I have here and there juxtaposed some of the more speculative and theoretical ways of critical thinking-the kinds of thinking that construct ideal texts and unified interpretations-with the actuality of Coleridge’s multiple versions. We do not really know, in any factual sense, what The Eolian Harp or The Ancient Mariner or any of the other poems “means,” or what Coleridge intended (in any definition of “intended”) in writing the poems, or why he changed his texts so often, or what he hoped to achieve by any specific revision that we happen to pause over. We simply make our guesses, hope that they are somewhere near the (admittedly unrecoverable and therefore unverifiable) mark, and, if we are writing or lecturing, try to persuade readers and audiences that the guesses are right, useful, or at least (for the moment) interesting.
Taiwan: Development and Structural Change of the Financial System
Authors: Shea Jia-Dong
Published: October 2023

The development experience of Taiwan has generally been regarded as spectacular. The growth of the economy, price stability, and income distribution equality over the past four decades leave little doubt that the praise is deserved. Development of the financial system certainly contributed to making this possible, by stimulating and mobilizing savings and allocating investment funds because success was greatly dependent on a high domestic savings rate and the use of those savings for productive investments. Nonetheless, the financial system has often been criticized as being underdeveloped and inefficient and, in the 1980s, was even regarded as a major obstacle to further economic growth. Much of the financial inefficiency and underdevelopment were blamed on the high degree of government intervention in interest rate determination, as well as in financial intermediation, market structure, and banking operations.
Judicial Power And American Character, Censoring Ourselves in an Anxious Age
Authors: Nagel Robert F
Published: October 2023

In this highly original book, Robert Nagel demonstrates how contemporary constitutional politics relate to the moral character of American culture. He argues persuasively that judicial decisions reflect wider social tendencies towards moral evasiveness, privatization, and opportunism. Constitutional interpretation, he urges, is often an effort to stifle political disagreement and, ultimately, to censor our own beliefs and traditions. Nagel ranges over such controversial topics as the confirmation hearings of Clarence Thomas and Robert Bork, local resistance to abortion rights, political correctness on campus, and judicial decisions dealing with pornography, flag burning, gay rights, school prayer, and racial desegregation.
Incapacitation
Authors: Zimring Franklin E , Hawkins Gordon
Published: October 2023

The one, sure way that imprisonment prevents crime is by restraining offenders from committing crimes while they are locked up. Called “incapacitation” by experts in criminology, this effect has become the dominant justification for imprisonment in the United States, where well over a million persons are currently in jails and prisons and public figures who want to appear tough on crime periodically urge that we throw away the key. How useful is the modern prison in restraining crime, and at what cost? How much do we really know about incapacitation and its effectiveness? This book is the first comprehensive assessment of incapacitation. Zimring and Hawkins show the increasing reliance on restraint to justify imprisonment, analyze the existing theories on incapacitation’s effects, assess the current empirical research, report a new study, and explore the links between what is known about incapacitation and what it tells us about our criminal justice policy. An insightful evaluation of a pressing policy issue, Incapacitation is a vital contribution to the current debates on our criminal justice system.
Divine Inspiration The Life of Jesus in World Poetry
Authors: Koehn Cheryl , Palmer Taysha , Esdaile John
Published: October 2023

The Bible is by far the leading source of inspiration for Western literature, and in particular, the life of Jesus has drawn the attention of artists and writers throughout the ages. Now, in a volume of astonishing range and originality, Robert Atwan, George Dardess, and Peggy Rosenthal present 280 remarkable poems from world literature focusing on Jesus's life and teaching. Readers accustomed to the predictable inclusions of many anthologies will be surprised and delighted by the diversity of poets represented here, from Aquinas, Dante, de Guevara, Donne, and Sor Juana, to D.H. Lawrence, Gabriela Mistral, Wole Soyinka, Margaret Atwood, Gwendolyn Brooks, Czeslaw Milosz, and Leopold Senghor. Perhaps no other thematically organized anthology could have brought together writers as different as Jorge Luis Borges, Thomas Merton, Alice Walker, Rainer Maria Rilke, and Jack Kerouac. Indeed, simply to turn the page in Divine Inspiration is an adventure in itself. And in terms of form, style, modulations of tone and perspective, the variety here is as unparalleled as it is unpredictable. The editors of Divine Inspiration have done a masterly job of unifying this vast assortment of poems. Organized chronologically around the life of Jesus, the book is divided into nine sections -- from Birth and Infancy,through Healings and Miracles, to the Resurrection -- and presents passages from the Gospels followed by the poems they inspired. This structure gives readers the dual pleasures of a strong narrative pull punctuated by moments of lyric intensity. Our familiarity with the life of Jesus is thus enlivened, deepened, and in some cases wholly transformed by the imaginative power of the poems. In the largest section of the book, on the Passion of Jesus, we find an array of poems by Anna Akhmatova, Antonio Machado, Thomas Hardy, Miguel de Unamuno, Charles Baudelaire, R.S. Thomas, Andrew Marvell, Frederico Garcia Lorca, and Denise Levertov, among others. To see the Passion of Jesus refracted through the lenses of such poets is to see it anew, or more vividly than before. And to encounter Chinese, Korean, Nigerian, Arab, Latin American, Scandinavian, Hungarian, and Greek poets alongside English, French, and German is a testimony both to the editors' devoted scholarship and to the power of Jesus's life to inspire great poetry across a spectrum of cultures and eras. An invaluable sourcebook for students, scholars, and general readers alike, Divine Inspiration should prove equally satisfying to readers with a strong interest in religion and to all lovers of poetry.
Constitutional Democracy
Authors: Mueller Dennis C
Published: October 2023

This new work provides analysis of the legal and regulatory facets of syndicated loans, secondary loan market practice and other related financial practices. Acknowledging the dynamic growth in the secondary loan market Mugasha covers loan trading, credit derivatives, collateralised debt obligations, mezzanine and hybrid debt solutions - all topical issues for structured finance lawyers. Practices have changed noticeably over recent years and Mugasha addresses new legal issues that have arisen. Firstly, there are new methods of conducting business, through electronic trading platforms, the internet and a wide range of information providers (Capital Data, LoanWare and rating agencies). Secondly, regulatory aspects have evolved and initiatives like Basel II and the Equator Principles 2003, and are examined, as are the roles of significant players such as the Loan Syndications and Trading Association and the Loan Market Association. As multi-bank financing remains a major instrument of commerce and finance in the national and international arenas and is notoriously complex, banking and corporate finance lawyers and in-house counsel at banks will value this practical text
Hard Bargains the Politics of Sex
Authors: Hirshman Linda R , Larson Jane E
Published: October 2023

Men and women have always bargained for sex. In Hard Bargains, philosopher-lawyer Linda Hirshman and legal historian Jane Larson provide the first complete analysis of power in heterosexual relationships, combining an eye-opening legal history of sexual regulation with thought-provoking predictions of what the future might bring. Hirshman and Larson tell a riveting tale that spans the centuries--from early accounts of adulterers hanging from the gibbet, to the impact of the Kinsey Reports and Hugh Hefner's playboy philosophy, to the Swinging Sixties judge who argued in favour of sex with eleven year-olds. The book examines the factors that have shaped our notions of sex, from Catholic teaching to the theories of Sigmund Freud, and it explores the Supreme Court decisions of the last few decades that revolutionized the politics of sex. And Hard Bargains not only provides a deep understanding of historical and current disputes, it also offers striking predictions of what sexual bargaining will look like in the future--rape laws replaced by laws of sexual autonomy, adultery subjected to breach of contract action, fornicators responsible for each other's rent, prostitution considered an unfair labor practice. These are a few of the surprising--and surprisingly workable--solutions the authors foresee in the 21st century. Hard Bargains takes a forthright and level-headed look at all aspects of one of the biggest controversies in contemporary American society--heterosexual sex--and delivers a radically new perspective on the sexual lives of women and men.
Mind-Set Management
Authors: Culbert Samuel A
Published: October 2023

You can follow any business guru you want, be it Peter Drucker or Tom Peters. You can adopt any new management concept, from reengineering to ‘empowering people’. But Samuel A. Culbert has one caveat: no matter what managerial ‘religion’ you follow - and there are many sound ones out there - before you can lead, manage, or team up effectively, you must comprehend the mind-sets of the people with whom you deal. In Mind-Set Management, Culbert provides a model for thinking about other people - about their self-interested motives and about their biased views of work events - as he shows managers at all levels how to use psychology instead of manipulation to give more productive advice. The essence of managing, says Culbert, is ‘staging the conditions for others to be effective’, which today entails giving advice and feedback, not directives. This is particularly true with today’s ‘empowering’ management styles. But as most managers know all too well, advice is often resisted, resented, or ignored. The problem, Culbert contends, is that managers don’t have the other person in focus, that when most managers formulate advice, they think they are attuned to the other person, but in fact the person they have listened to most is themselves. Mind-Set Management will help you focus on the person you want to advise, explaining what you need to learn and to know prior to giving advice and feedback. It will prompt you to ask yourself (and will help you answer) such questions as: Why do people insist on seeing events with their own particular biases and distortions? Why do others resist my best ideas and advice for how they can perform more effectively? Why can’t I get them to change how they think? Why do people have so much difficulty putting internal politics aside? What’s needed for people to trust one another and listen to advice? Why are some people blind to the obvious logic behind the feedback and advice they receive? Culbert has packed the book with vivid case illustrations and stories that people at every level, from CEOs through staff, will identify with, weaving the concepts and stories together to present evidence that makes the lessons compelling and personal. With these lessons, managers at all levels will view management as a psychological art. You will be better able to see where the other person’s interests lie and how they view the corporation and the task at hand, and you will be able to give great advice, advice that will be followed because it serves the interests of the person who receives it even as it advances the company’s goals. Today there are many new ideas about how to manage more effectively, but without the psychological component that Samuel Culbert provides in Mind-Set Management, these hot new concepts won’t work any better than the old ones did. Thus this is an important, groundbreaking work. Indeed, Warren Bennis, in the Foreword, calls it ‘one of the lasting contributions of this decade to our understanding of corporations, the psychology of people who work in them, and perhaps most of all, a contribution to understanding ourselves.”
The Temple of Liberty
Authors: Scott Pamela
Published: October 2023

This richly illustrated book describes the building of the first Capitol building - from the story of the iconography behind the design, the role of Washington and Jefferson in the planning of the design, and the account of the competition for the design - to the development of the exterior, House and Senate wings, and Transformation into that building which exists today.
Free Markets and Social Justice
Authors: Sunstein Cass R
Published: October 2023

The newest work from one of the most pre-eminent voices writing in the legal/political arena today, this important book presents a new conception of the relationship between free markets and social justice. The work begins with foundations--the appropriate role of existing “preferences,” the importance of social norms, the question whether human goods are commensurable, and issues of distributional equity. Continuing with rights, the work shows that markets have only a partial but instrumental role in the protection of rights. The book concludes with a discussion on regulation, developing approaches that would promote both economic and democratic goals, especially in the context of risks to life and health. Free Markets and Social Justice develops seven basic themes during its discussion: the myth of laissez-faire; preference formation and social norms; the contextual character of choice; the importance of fair distribution; the diversity of human goods; how law can shape preferences; and the puzzles of human rationality. As the latest word from an internationally-renowned writer, this work will raise a number of important questions about economic analysis of law in its conventional form.
Using The Macarthur Competence Assessment Tool-Treatment
Authors: Grisso Thomas , Appelbaum Paul S
Published: October 2023

An important part of the process of assessing patients’ capacities to make treatment decisions is tbe direct observation of their abilities to grasp the meaning of information provided (Understanding), recognize its relevance for themselves (Appreciation), use the information in a decision-making process (Reasoning), and offer a choice (Express a Choice). Now we describe a method that we have developed to assist clinicians in making these observations. The method is a structured interview and rating procedure called the “MacArthur Competence Assessment Tool for Treatment (the “MacCAT-T”).
Conjugal Pinion
Authors: Reid-Pharr Robert
Published: October 2023

In Conjugal Union, Robert F. Reid-Pharr argues that during the antebellum period a community of free black northeastern intellectuals sought to establish the stability of a Black American subjectivity by figuring the black body as the necessary antecedent to any intelligible Black American public presence. Reid-Pharr goes on to argue that the fact of the black body’s constant and often spectacular display demonstrates an incredible uncertainty as to that body’s status. Thus antebellum black intellectuals were always anxious about how a stable relationship between the black community might be maintained. Paying particular attention to Black American novels written bofore the Civil War, the author shows how the household was utilized by these writers to normalize this relationship of body to community such that a person could enter a household as a white and leave it as a black.
Eliot’s Dark Angel
Authors: Schuchard Ronald
Published: October 2023

Schuchard’s critical study draws upon previously unpublished and uncollected materials in showing how T.S. Eliot’s personal voice works through the sordid, the bawdy, the blasphemous, and the horrific to create a unique moral world and the only theory of moral criticism in English literature. The book also erodes conventional attitudes toward Eliot’s intellectual and spiritual development, showing how early and consistently his classical and religious sensibility manifests itself in his poetry and criticism. The book examines his reading, his teaching, his bawdy poems, and his life-long attraction to music halls and other modes of popular culture to show the complex relation between intellectual biography and art.
Brain Architecture
Authors: Swanson Larry W
Published: October 2023

Depending on your point of view the brain is an organ, a machine, a biological computer, or simply the most important component of the nervous system. How does it work as a whole? What are its major parts and how are they interconnected to generate thinking, feelings, and behavior? This book surveys 2,500 years of scientific thinking about these profoundly important questions from the perspective of fundamental architectural principles, and then proposes a new model for the basic plan of neural systems organization based on an explosion of structural data emerging from the neuroanatomy revolution of the 1970’s. The importance of a balance between theoretical and experimental morphology is stressed throughout the book. Great advances in understanding the brain’s basic plan have come especially from two traditional lines of biological thought—evolution and embryology, because each begins with the simple and progresses to the more complex. Understanding the organization of brain circuits, which contain thousands of links or pathways, is much more difficult. It is argued here that a four-system network model can explain the structure-function organization of the brain. Possible relationships between neural networks and gene networks revealed by the human genome project are explored in the final chapter. The book is written in clear and sparkling prose, and it is profusely illustrated. It is designed to be read by anyone with an interest in the basic organization of the brain, from neuroscience to philosophy to computer science to molecular biology. It is suitable for use in neuroscience core courses because it presents basic principles of the structure of the nervous system in a systematic way.
Color by Fox
Authors: Zook Kristal Brent
Published: October 2023

Offering a fascinating examination of the explosion of black television programming in the 1980s and 1990s, this book provides, for the first time ever, an interpretation of black TV based in both journalism and critical theory. Locating a persistent black nationalist desire--a yearning for home and community--in the shows produced by and for African-Americans in this period, Zook shows how the Fox hip-hop sitcom both reinforced and rebelled against earlier black sitcoms from the sixties and seventies. Incorporating interviews with such prominent executives, producers, and stars as Keenan Ivory Wayans, Sinbad, Quincy Jones, Robert Townsend, Charles Dutton, Yvette Lee Bowser, Ralph Farquhar, and Susan Fales, this study looks at both production and reception among African-American viewers, providing nuanced readings of the shows themselves as well as the sociopolitical contexts in which they emerged. While black TV during this period may seem trivial or buffoonish to some, Sly as a Fox reveals its deep-rooted ties to African-American protest literature and autobiography, and a desire for social transformation.
Civic Virtues
Authors: Dagger Richard
Published: October 2023

Although few want to deny their importance, many political theorists have recently complained that too much weight is now attached to individual rights. The result, as they see it, is an excessive individualism that blinds people to the needs of the community or state to which they belong. We should be less concerned with our rights, in their view, and more concerned with our responsibilities. Those who advance this view typically argue against liberalism. In Civic Virtues, the newest addition to the distinguished Oxford Political Theory series, Richard Dagger takes a different approach. Finding the proper relationship between rights and responsibilities requires us not to choose between liberalism and republicanism, he argues, but to unite them in a republican form of liberalism. Is such a marriage of republicanism and liberalism possible? Is it desirable? Dagger demonstrates how republican liberalism proceeds from a fundamental right of autonomy, to the recognition of interdependence and reciprocity, and on to the cultivation of the civic virtues of the public-spirited citizen. Indeed, republican liberalism promises not only to reconcile individual rights and civic duties, but to enhance political deliberation and the sense of community as well.
From Emerson to King
Authors: Patterson Anita Haya
Published: October 2023

This book traces a provocative line from Emerson’s work on race, reform, and identity to work by three influential African-American thinkers--W. E. B. Du Bois, Martin Luther King Jr., and Cornel West--each of whom offers subtle engagement with both the tradition of written protest and the critique of liberalism Emerson shaped. Emerson has been cast in recent debate as either an antinomian or an ideologue--as either subversive of institutional controls or indebted to capitalism. Here, Patterson contributes a more nuanced view, probing Emerson’s record and its cultural and historical matrix to document a fundamental rhetoric of contradiction--a strategic aligning of opposed political concepts--that enabled him to both affirm and critique elements of the liberal democratic model. Drawing richly on topics in political philosophy, law, religion, and cultural history, Patterson examines the nature and implications of Emerson’s contradictory rhetoric in parts I and II. In part III she considers Emerson’s legacy from the perspective of African-American intellectual history, identifying fresh continuities and crucial discontinuities between the canonical strain of protest writing Emerson helped establish and African-American literary and philosophical traditions.
Taxing International Financial Transactions to Enhance the Operation of the International Monetary System
Authors: Eichengreen Barry , Wyplosz Charles
Published: October 2023

Most economists are instinctively sceptical about taxing international financial transactions as a way to enhance the operation of the international monetary system. Holders of the union card are taught to prize the efficiency of the market and to regard intervention through taxation and controls as welfare reducing. They are trained to anticipate the incentive of market participants to evade taxes and circumvent administrative restrictions. These instincts are evident in the debate over the Tobin tax (see, respectively, Obstfeld 1995 and Garber and Taylor 1995).
Managing Capital Inflows in Latin America
Authors: Agosin Manuel R , Ffrench-Davis Ricardo
Published: October 2023

Towards the end of the 1980s, private capital inflows began to return to Latin America (see Calvo, Leiderman and Reinhart 1993; French-Davis and Griffith-:Jones 1995; and Ocampo 1994). Undoubtedly welcome, the reversal of the drought in capital inflows of the 1980s has relieved the binding foreign exchange constraint under which most countries laboured during the debt crisis. But both the magnitude of the new capital flows and their composition have caused problems for which the recipient countries have by and large been ill prepared.
The Republic of Korea ‘s Experience with Managing Foreign Capital Flows
Authors: Park Yung Chul
Published: October 2023

For more than twenty years since the Foreign Exchange Management Act was enacted in 1961, the Republic of Korea maintained strict capital controls to prevent capital flight and to allocate its limited foreign exchange resources to export and other strategic industries. But recognizing the inefficiency of these regulations and given the worldwide trend towards economic liberalization, Korea has been liberalizing capital account transactions since the early 1980s. In December 1994, it launched the Plan for Foreign Exchange System Reform to accelerate this process and to prepare for membership in the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). The plan envisages a capital account regime that, by 2000, will be as liberal and open as those in industrial economies.
Molecular Mechanisms of the Fibroblast Growth Factor Family
Authors: Engleka Kurt A , Maciag Thomas
Published: October 2023

The “fibroblast” in fibroblast growth factor(FGF) is derived from its initial characterization as a potent mitogen for the murine 3T3 fibroblast-like cell line. However, the moniker should not be misconstrued as a restrictive one for what is now a multimembered growth factor family. FGFs regulate cellular proliferation and differentiation in a wide variety of cell types besides fibroblasts, including neuronal, epithelial and vascular cells. Therefore, FGFs function in a preponderance of cellular and tissue generative processes as well as neoplastic disorders. FGFs are produced by and display direct activity for endothelial and smooth muscle cells and induce the formation of blood vessels from preexisting vessels. In this regard, the characterization of the FGF growth factor system in cellular proliferation and tissue differentiation has illuminated much about the molecular mechanisms underlying vascular development and physiology.
Identity Politicsand Hate Crimes
Authors: Jacobs James B , Potter Kimberly
Published: October 2023

Thardly needs saying that we share with the proponents of hate crime laws the goal of a tolerant society, in which people are judged by “the content of their character,” not by their race, religion, sexual orientation, or gender. We differ over the means for achieving that goal. The proponents believe that the message-sending potential and the deterrent power of criminal law will deter or persuade criminals and would-be criminals to desist from hate crimes and perhaps to hold fewer and less virulent prejudices. We find this implausible. The conduct which hate crime laws aim at is already criminal. Given that criminals ignore existing criminal laws and punishment threats, we doubt that the additional threat promised by hate crime laws adds much, if any, marginal deterrence; this is especially true for the most serious offenses. In any event, a highly bigoted offender can probably avoid the hate crime tariff by committing his crime silently. It is possible that the mere promulgation of hate crime laws will contribute to long-term social education and the production of fewer hate criminals, but this too seems implausible given the web of laws already on the books, and the plethora of “messages” and symbols that already denounce bigotry. The occasional hate crime trial or sentence enhancement might reinforce the sociopolitical message of tolerance, but only assuming that the trial is successful, and is widely interpreted as fair and not politically motivated.
Friendly Fire
Authors: Kinney Katherine
Published: October 2023

Hundreds of memoirs, novels, plays, and movies have been devoted to the American war in Vietnam. In spite of the great variety of mediums, political perspectives and the degrees of seriousness with which the war has been treated, Katherine Kinney argues that the vast majority of these works share a single story: that of Americans killing Americans in Vietnam. Friendly Fire, in this instance, refers not merely to a tragic error of war, it also refers to America’s war with itself during the Vietnam years. Starting from this point, this book considers the concept of “friendly fire” from multiple vantage points, and portrays the Vietnam age as a crucible where America’s cohesive image of itself is shattered--pitting soldiers against superiors, doves against hawks, feminism against patriarchy, racial fear against racial tolerance. Through the use of extensive evidence from the film and popular fiction of Vietnam (i.e. Kovic’s Born on the Fourth of July, Didion’s Democracy, O’Brien’s Going After Cacciato, Rabe’s Sticks and Bones and Streamers), Kinney draws a powerful picture of a nation politically, culturally, and socially divided, and a war that has been memorialized as a contested site of art, media, politics, and ideology.
Imperial Allegories, American Exceptionalism and Empire
Authors: Kinney Katherine
Published: October 2023

Michael Herr’s Dispatches begins with a meditation on a map of Vietnam that hung on the wall of Herr’s Saigon apartment. It had been left there years before by another tenant, probably a Frenchman, since the map had been made in Paris. The paper had buckled in its frame after years in the wet Saigon heat, laying a kind of veil over the countries it depicted. Vietnam was divided into its older territories of Tonkin, Annam, and Cochin China, and to the west, past Laos and Cambodge sat Siam, a kingdom. That’s old, I’d tell visitors, that’s a really old map.
The Age of Mass Migration Causes and Economic Impact
Authors: Hatton Timothy J , Williamson Jeffrey G
Published: October 2023

About 55 million Europeans migrated to the New World between 1850 and 1914, landing in North and South America and in Australia. This movement, which marked a profound and permanent shift in global population and economic activity, is described in vivid detail by Timothy J. Hatton and Jeffrey G. Williamson, and the causes and effects relative to this great relocation are soundly analysed. The Age of Mass Migration offers a thorough treatment of a period of vital development in the economic history of the modern world and, moreover, devotes much objective consideration to certain economic questions that still baffle us today: Why does a nation’s emigration rate typically rise with early industrialization? How do immigrants choose their destinations? Are international labour markets segmented? Do immigrants truly “rob” jobs from locals? What impact do immigrants have on wage rates and living standards in the host country? In addressing these issues, and many of others, this book takes a new and comprehensive view of mass migration. Although somewhat controversial in terms of method—it assigns to a social phenomenon an economic explanation and interpretation— The Age of Mass Migration will be useful to all students of migration, historical or contemporary, and to anyone interested in international economic activities.
The Body And The State: Early Modern Europe
Authors: Spierenburg Pieter
Published: October 2023

In 1757 Robert-Frarn;:ois Damiens was sentenced to be publicly quartered in Paris for attempting to take the life of King Louis XV. Because the unusual strength of his muscles and joints prevented the horses from tearing his arms and legs apart, the executioner had to make incisions to carry out the punishment. But the affecting drama of Damiens’s suffering, detailed by Michel Foucault at the opening of his Discipline and Punish, should not mislead us into thinking many offenders were treated as harshly. On the contrary, Damiens’s execution was altogether exceptional. The judges, uncertain what punishment to inflict for so heinous a crime, decided to impose the same sentence that the previous regicide, Frarn;:ois Ravaillac, had received in 1610. French authorities had not quartered anyone in the intervening years, and they would never do so again.
Perfecting The Prison: United States, 1789-1865
Authors: Rothman David J
Published: October 2023

The history of the origins and development of the prison system in the United States confronts what appears to be an extraordinary paradox. In the 1820s and 1830s, when democratic principles were receiving their most enthusiastic endorsement, when the “common people”were participating fully in politics and electing Andrew Jackson their president, incarceration became the central feature of criminal justice. At the very moment that Americans began to pride themselves on the openness of their society, when the boundless frontier became the symbol of opportunity and equality, an idea developed: those convicted of crimes would be confined behind walls, in single cells, and would follow rigid and unyielding routines. As principles of freedom became more celebrated in the outside society, notions of total isolation, unquestioned obedience, and severe discipline became the hallmarks of the captive society. Indeed, to make the puzzle more intriguing, Jacksonian Americans took enormous pride in their prisons, were eager to show them off to European visitors, and boasted that the United States had ushered in a new era in the history of crime and punishment.
The Australian Experience: The Convict Colony
Authors: Hirst John
Published: October 2023

Throughout history convicts have been removed from the society in which they have offended. Sometimes they have been sent into exile, the policy Britain followed in sending convicts to the American colonies. Sometimes they have been sent to special penal settlements, like those the French ran in their colonies of Guiana and New Caledonia. Only once have convicts been sent to found the society in which they were to endure their punishment. This was the strange beginning of European settlement in Australia.
Local Justice: The Jail
Authors: McConville Sean
Published: October 2023

No other public institution so well embodies the contradictions among which we live. Certainly symbols and instruments of order and law-to hold a prisoner implies de liberation and process rather than summary disposal-jails have equally been identified with grand and petty tyranny, sadism, corruption, extortion, debauchery, contamination, ruin, and despair. Refuges of last resort, the door from which the mad, sick, destitute, and unwanted could not be turned away, jails have also been, and are, places of terror, degradation, and suffering. They take away liberty, yet to some they impart a sense of freedom and security. Jails have always attracted philanthropic and political criticism, yet as prosperity and security advances, in some Western societies the jail does not fade away but rather grows and becomes an even more common experience.
The Literature Of Confinement
Authors: Carnochan W B
Published: October 2023

There is no material content, no formal category of an artistic creation, however mysteriously changed and unknown to itself, which did not originate in the empirical reality from which it breaks free.
Virginia’s Private War
Authors: Blair William
Published: October 2023

This book tells the story of how Confederate civilians in the Old Dominion struggled to feed not only their stomachs but also their souls. Although demonstrating the ways in which the war created many problems within southern communities, Virginia’s Private War: Feeding Body and Soul in the Confederacy, 1861-1865 does not support scholars who claim that internal dissent caused the Confederacy’s downfall. Instead, it offers a study of the Virginia home front that depicts how the Union army’s continued pressure created destruction, hardship, and shortages that left the Confederate public spent and demoralized with the surrender of the army under Robert E. Lee. This book, however, does not portray the population as uniformly united in a Lost Cause. Virginians complained a great deal about the management of the war. Letters to the governor and to the Confederate secretary of war demonstrate how dissent escalated to dangerous proportions by the spring and summer of 1863. Women rioted in Richmond for food. Soldiers left the army without permission to check on their families and farms. Various groups vented their hatred on Virginias rich men of draft age who stayed out of the army by purchasing substitutes. Such complaints, ironically, may have prolonged the war, for some of the Confederacy’s leaders responded by forcing the wealthy to shoulder more of the burden for prosecuting the war. Substitution ended, and the men who stayed home became government growers who distributed goods at reduced cost to the poor. But, as the case is made in Virginias Private War, none of these efforts could finally overcome an enemy whose unrelenting pressure strained the resources of Rebel Virginians to the breaking point. Arguing that the state of Virginia both waged and witnessed a “rich man’s fight” that has until now been downplayed or misunderstood by many if not most of our Civil War scholars, William Blair provides in these pages a detailed portrait of this conflict that is bold, original, and convincing. He draws from the microcosm of Virginia several telling conclusions about the Confederacy’s rise, demise, and identity, and his study will therefore appeal to anyone with a taste for Civil War history--and Virginia’s unique place in that history, especially.
The Birth Of Empire, DeWitt Clinton and the American Experience, 1769—1828
Authors: Cornog Evan
Published: October 2023

DeWitt Clinton (1769-1828) was one of the nation's strongest political leaders in the first quarter of the nineteenth century, serving as mayor of New York City, governor of the state, and narrowly losing the Presidential race of 1812 to James Madison. Patrician in his sentiments, Clinton nevertheless invented new forms of party politics. His greatest achievement, the Erie Canal, hastened the economic expansion of the country, altered the political geography of the nation, set an example for activist government, and decisively secured New York City's position as America's first and foremost metropolis. This new book relates the full biography of one of the most important political figures in US history.
Legal Rules and International Society
Authors: Arend Anthony Clark
Published: October 2023

The principal argument of the book is that international law and international legal institutions are an important element of international relations and that political scientists in particular need to be more aware of the contributions they make. Arend critiques both the long-standing scepticism among political scientists, particularly adherents of structural realism, and the assumptions and methodologies of international lawyers.
Cloning Human Beings: An Assessment of the Ethical Issues Pro and Con
Authors: Brock Dan W
Published: October 2023

The world of science and the public at large were both shocked and fascinated by the announcement in the journal Nature by Ian Wilmut and his colleagues that they had successfully cloned a sheep from a single cell of an adult sheep.1 Scientists were in part surprised because many had believed that after the very early stage of embryo development at which differentiation of cell function begins to take place it would not be possible to achieve cloning of an adult mammal by nuclear transfer. In this process the nucleus from the cell of an adult mammal is inserted into an ennucleated ovum, and the resulting embryo develops following the complete genetic code of the mammal from which the inserted nucleus was obtained. Some scientists and much of the public were troubled or apparently even horrified, however, at the prospect that if adult mammals such as sheep could be cloned, then cloning of adult humans by the same process would likely be possible as well. Of course, the process is far from perfected, even with sheep; it took 276 failures by Wilmut and his colleagues to produce Dolly, their one success, and whether the process can be successfully replicated in other mammals, much less in humans, is not now known. Those who were horrified at the prospect of human cloning were not, however, reassured by the fact that the sci-ence with humans is not yet there, for it looked to them now perilously close.
Tumor Imaging and Response
Authors: Greenberg Harry S , Chandler William F , Sandler Howard M
Published: October 2023

Tumor imaging has changed dramatically since 1970 (Table 3-1 ). The modern era of central nervous system imaging began in 1973 with the introduction of computed tomography (CT). In 1975, Oldendorf and Hounsfeld received the Lasker award for their contribution to early CT imaging theory. In 1979, Hounsfeld and Cormack were awarded the Nobel Prize for their discovery. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), the static imaging procedure of choice for brain tumors, was developed in the mid-1980s.
Radiation Therapy for Brain Tumors: Current Practice
Authors: Greenberg Harry S , Chandler William F , Sandler Howard M
Published: October 2023

Radiation therapy (RT) is used frequently as a component of brain tumor therapy along with surgical resection and chemotherapy. Most often radiation therapy is used to treat neoplastic cells that remain in situ after a neurosurgical procedure; this helps define the tumor types for which RT has a role. That is, RT is generally used for invasive lesions that are difficult if not impossible to resect completely microscopically (i.e, most astrocytomas) or for lesions that, when accessible, are surgically curable but are technically unrcsectable (i.e., certain skull-based meningiomas).