bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
JOKOWI’S INITIATIVE FOR A COMPETITION TO CUT INDONESIAN REGULATIONS: RECOMMENDATIONS AND THE ROLE OF HIGHER EDUCATION INSTITUTIONS IN INDONESIA
Authors: Abidin Handa S
Published: March 2019

This research provides recommendations for the development of an initiative of the President of the Republic of Indonesia (Presiden Republik Indonesia), Joko Widodo (Jokowi), namely the implementation of a competition to cut Indonesian regulations, and relates these recommendations to the role of higher education institutions in Indonesia. The concept of “cutting” regulations should be developed into “managing.” The competition should also widen the scope of what should be managed. Rather than being limited only to “regulations,” the scope should include “laws and regulations as well as other relevant law and policy products.” Furthermore, the competition could be a trigger for developing other related collaborations. The collaboration between relevant parties in the competition and other future collaborations can be classified as a form of mutual cooperation (gotong royong) which could contribute to the development of the quality of Indonesian law in general and specifically to the quality of laws and regulations and other relevant law and policy products in the context of Indonesia. This mutual cooperation could also bring direct benefits to the Central Government of the Republic of Indonesia (Pemerintah Pusat Republik Indonesia) and other relevant state-related institutions as well as to higher education institutions in Indonesia that are expected to be involved in the competition and in other future collaborations.

 
Gender Mainstreaming for the Adaptation to Weather and Climate Extremes in African Cities
Authors: Oluoko-Odingo Alice
Published: March 2019

Although women constitute one-half of the human population and provide most labour in farming, they remain poor and most vulnerable to weather and climate extremes due to inequalities in ownership and decision-making on most important livelihood resources like land, assets and cash. Peri-urban farming offers an important adaptation strategy to weather and climate extremes and through gender mainstreaming, can become a vital tool for sustainable livelihoods and sustainable development. The paper points out that although well-planned cities offer better services to urban communities and their hinterlands, the African cities, particularly, those in Sub-Saharan Africa have been accompanied by myriads of developmental and environmental challenges, which continue to perpetuate inequalities, discrimination and under-development. For instance, the low-income communities live in risky areas without access to important services which increase their vulnerability to weather and climate induced hazards and disasters. The Paper discusses the links between gender mainstreaming, peri-urban farming, weather and climate extremes and sustainable development in Africa, where literature review is supported by fieldwork results for better policy formulations. This was an invited paper to the conference and is supported by a research gap on the need for gender mainstreaming in peri-urban farming to enhance equity and equality for sustainable development. The study was carried out in peri-urban areas of Nairobi (Machakos and Kajiado Counties) in Kenya. The results provide hope as these peri-urban areas seem to have some form of spontaneous gender mainstreaming that when positively supported would yield good results. The Article underscores the fact that a number of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) could be achieved by simply targeting the attainment of SDG 5 on gender equality and women empowerment, including SDG 13 on adaptation to climate change
Development of Picture Book Media for Expressive Language Skills of Children With Autism
Authors: Suistika Resha Fitria , Ishartiwi Ishartiwi
Published: March 2019

The expressive language skills of children with autism can be improved through teaching and learning. One of the factors supporting the success of teaching and learning process in improving the expressive language skills of children with autism is the selection of media which is in accordance with the characteristic of children with autism as target of learning. Children with autism are known to conceive information based on visual as their characteristic, so visual-based media will be more effectively in the learning process. This study uses the ADDIE (Analyze, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation) development model that aims to develop visual-based media that can accommodate the expressive language skills of children with autism. The media developed is in form book-shaped media that contains a combination of writing and image illustration. This study produces a decent picture book media based on material conformity with curriculum, grammar used, media display, and communication theory used.
Selective α,α-Dibromination of Arylethanones with Copper(II) Bromide
Authors: Kapoor Jitander K. , Arora Loveena , Prakash Om
Published: March 2019

Various arylethanones including electron-rich aromatic ketones such as o-hydroxyacetophenone and its p-isomer underwent selective side-chain α,α-dibromination using a heterogeneous system consisting of four molar equivalents of copper(II) bromide in chloroform-ethyl acetate under reflux. This study provides the cleanest method for the selective synthesis of several synthetically useful α,α-dibromoketones which are otherwise difficult to prepare.
Influence of κ-Carrageenan, Modified Starch and Inulin Addition on Rheological and Sensory Properties of Non-fat and Non-added Sugar Dairy Dessert
Authors: Sheidaei Zhaleh , Sarmadi Bahareh , Hosseini Seyede M. , Javanmardi Fardin , Khosravi-Darani Kianoush , Mortazavian Amir M.
Published: March 2019

Background: The high amounts of fat, sugar and calorie existing in dairy desserts can lead
to increase the risk of health problems. Therefore, the development of functional and dietary forms of
these products can help the consumer health.

Objective: This study aims to investigate the effects of κ-carrageenan, modified starch and inulin addition
on rheological and sensory properties of non-fat and non-added sugar dairy dessert.

Methods: In order to determine the viscoelastic behavior of samples, oscillatory test was carried out
and the values of storage modulus (G′), loss modulus (G″), loss angle tangent (tan δ) and complex
viscosity (η*) were measured. TPA test was used for analysis of the desserts’ texture and textural parameters
of samples containing different concentrations of carrageenan, starch and inulin were calculated.

Results: All treatments showed a viscoelastic gel structure with the storage modulus higher than the
loss modulus values. Increasing amounts of κ-carrageenan and modified starch caused an increase in
G′ and G″ as well as η* and a decrease in tan δ. Also, firmness and cohesiveness were enhanced. The
trained panelists gave the highest score to the treatment with 0.1% κ-carrageenan, 2.5% starch and
5.5% inulin (sucralose as constant = 0.25%) and this sample was the best treatment with desirable attributes
for the production of non-fat and non-added sugar dairy dessert.

Conclusion: It can be concluded that the concentration of κ-carrageenan and starch strongly influenced
the rheological and textural properties of dairy desserts, whereas the inulin content had little
effect on these attributes.
Structure-Activity Relationship and Antimicrobial Evaluation of N-Phenylpyrazole Curcumin Derivatives
Authors: Sanghvi Heli , Mishra Satyendra
Published: March 2019

Background:

Curcumin, one of the most important pharmacologically significant natural
products, has gained significant consideration among scientists for decades since its multipharmacological
activities. 1, 3-Dicarbonyl moiety of curcumin was found to be accountable for the
rapid degradation of curcumin molecule. The aim of present work is to replace 1, 3-dicarbonyl moiety
of curcumin by pyrazole and phenylpyrazole derivatives with a view to improving its stability and to
investigate the role of substitution in N-phenylpyrazole curcumin on its antibacterial activity against
both Gram-positive as well as Gram-negative bacteria.

Methods:

Pyrazole derivatives of curcumin were prepared by heating curcumin with phenyhydrazine/
substituted phenyhydrazine derivatives in AcOH. The residue was purified by silica gel column
chromatography. Structures of purified compounds were confirmed by 1H NMR and Mass spectroscopy.
The synthesized compounds were evaluated for their antibacterial activity by the microdilution broth
susceptibility test method against gram positive (S. aureus) and gram negative (E. coli).

Results:

Effects of substitution in N-phenylpyrazole curcumin derivatives against S. aureus and E. coli
were studied. The most active N-(3-Nitrophenylpyrazole) curcumin (12) exhibits twenty-fold more potency
against S. aureus (MIC: 10μg/mL)) and N-(2-Fluoroophenylpyrazole) curcumin (5) fivefold more
potency against E. coli (MIC; 50 μg/mL) than N-phenylpyrazole curcumin (4). Whereas, a remarkable
decline in anti-bacterial activity against S. aureus and E. coli was observed when electron donating
groups were incorporated in N-phenylpyrazole curcumin (4). Comparative studies of synthesized compounds
suggest the effects of electron withdrawing and electron donating groups on unsubstituted phenylpyrazole
curcumin (4).

Conclusion:

The structure-activity relationship (SAR) results indicated that the electron withdrawing
and electron donating at N-phenylpyrazole curcumin played key roles for their bacterial inhibitory effects.
The results of the antibacterial evaluation showed that the synthesized pyrazole derivatives of
curcumin displayed moderate to very high activity in S. aureus. In conclusion, the series of novel curcumin
derivatives were designed, synthesized and tested for their antibacterial activities against S. aureus
and E. coli. Among them, N-(3-Nitrophenylpyrazole curcumin; 12) was most active against S. aureus
(Gram-positive) and N-(2-Fluoroophenylpyrazole) curcumin (5) against E. coli (Gram-negative) bacteria.
Sliding Wear of SiC Reinforced Duplex Stainless Steel via TIG Torch Surface Melting Technique
Authors: Maleque Md Abdul , Azwan Muhammad , Afiq Muhammad
Published: March 2019

Background:

Duplex stainless steel (DSS) has gained increasing interest in recent years
for a number of applications as structural materials in various industrial sectors of the petrochemical
process plant, marine engineering and automotive industries. However, this material has experienced
hardness and wear failure in the service. Therefore, new development in the surface modification for
DSS is required to explore the possibility of producing a hard modified surface layer of SiC resolidified
layer by TIG torch surface melting technique.

Methods:

TIG torch surface melting technique was performed on DSS substrate with preplaced SiC
reinforcement. The effects of particle size, SiC preplacement, heat input and shielding gas flow rate
on surface topography, hardness and wear rate were investigated through several characterizationsand
tests.

Results:

Inspection of the surface topography reveals rippling marks which proved that the resolidification
process occurred during the TIG torch surface melting technique. The obtained result
showed that the preplacement of SiC reinforcement on DSS via TIG torch surface melting technique
could increase the hardness of DSS by ~ five times. From Taguchi analysis, the optimum combination
of parameters obtained for the lowest wear rate of surface layered DSS was: preplacement rate,
1.5 mg/mm2, SiC particles size, 60 μm; heat input, 720 J/mm; and gas flow rate, 15 L/min.

Conclusion:

The results of this study confirmed that conventional TIG torch melting technology
may be used as an alternative to the more expensive laser or plasma technique to create a new composite
surface layer on DSS material.
Design, Optimization, Synthesis and AntiTB Screening of Benzimidazole Derivatives
Authors: Panneerselvam Theivendren , Kunjiappan Selvaraj , Alagarsamy Veerachamy , Saravanan Govindaraj , Parasuraman Pavadai
Published: March 2019

Introduction:

A biologically active benzimidazole synthesis was carried out at laboratory scale in order to reduce environmental pollution as well as to identify effective synthetic route.

Methods:

In this connection optimization was performed by Central Composite Rotatable Design (CCRD) to develop experimental data through Response Surface Methodology (RSM). The optimization of title analogue was performed by RSM which led us to the identification of high quality of synthetic yield. The effects of four independent parameters [1-5 mol of oxobutanoic acid (X1), 1-5 mol of thionyl chloride (X2), 1-5 mol of imidazol-2-yl-4-oxobutanoyl chloride (X3), and 1-5 mol of 4-nitro aniline (X4) were taken into optimize the synthetic yields of title scaffold.

Results and Conclusion:

A result of randomly generated benchmark and real values such as percentage yield, λmax and Retention Time (RT) of title compound are found to be highly significant. The present model is connected to maximize the percentage yield of title scaffold with the developed optimal set. The highly significant benzimidazole was screened for its MTB activity against MTB H37Ra strain by MABA screening.
Catalytic Processes For Lignin Valorization into Fuels and Chemicals (Aromatics)
Authors: Ventura Maria , Domine Marcelo E. , Chávez-Sifontes Marvin
Published: March 2019

Valorization of lignocellulosic biomass becomes a sustainable alternative against the constant depletion and environmental problems of fossil sources necessary for the production of chemicals and fuels. In this context, a wide range of renewable raw materials can be obtained from lignocellulosic biomass in both polymeric (i.e. cellulose, starch, lignin) and monomeric (i.e. sugars, polyols, phenols) forms. Lignin and its derivatives are interesting platform chemicals for industry, although mainly due to its refractory characteristics its use has been less considered compared to other biomass fractions. To take advantage of the potentialities of lignin, it is necessary to isolate it from the cellulose/ hemicellulosic fraction, and then apply depolymerization processes; the overcoming of technical limitations being a current issue of growing interest for many research groups. In this review, significant data related to the structural characteristics of different types of commercial lignins are presented, also including extraction and isolation processes from biomass, and industrial feedstocks obtained as residues from paper industry under different treatments. The review mainly focuses on the different depolymerization processes (hydrolysis, hydrogenolysis, hydrodeoxygenation, pyrolysis) up to now developed and investigated analyzing the different hydrocarbons and aromatic derivatives obtained in each case, as well as the interesting reactions some of them may undergo. Special emphasis is done on the development of new catalysts and catalytic processes for the efficient production of fuels and chemicals from lignin. The possibilities of applications for lignin and its derivatives in new industrial processes and their integration into the biorefinery of the future are also assessed.
A Robust Protocol for Extracting Aqueous Metabolites of High Lipid Sera
Authors: Taddeo Matthew C. , Robinson Emma J. , Hassid Noy Y. , Chu Xin , Shi Weixing , Wood Craig , Still Christopher , Rovnyak David
Published: March 2019

Background:

With the increasing focus of metabolomic methods on obesityrelated
diseases, it is important to consider how sample handling may need to be adapted for
the high compositions of lipids that can occur in such subjects.

Introduction:

High-lipid (cloudy, milky appearances; a.k.a. lipemic) biofluids are common
in very high BMI subjects. Organic extractions of biofluids are useful for removing protein
backgrounds, inactivating capsid viruses, and yielding relatively stable samples with excellent
spectroscopic characteristics. This work considered how acetonitrile extractions, which
are widely used, perform on lipemic sera.

Results:

In this technical note, we report the observation and remediation of a liquid-liquid
phase separation in acetonitrile extractions of many lipemic sera. This unexpected behavior
can be challenging to identify, especially if working with small volumes. The liquid-liquid
separation shows a high miscibility of proteins in both liquid phases that impairs NMR data
quality. We also report a simple temperature-based adaption of the acetonitrile extraction
procedure that consistently results in a single aqueous phase and eliminates unwanted constituents.

Conclusion:

A robust approach to achieving reproducible, high quality samples of aqueous
metabolites from lipemic sera from very high BMI subjects should be of utility in expanding
metabolomics applications to lipemic biofluids.
Cost-Aware Ant Colony Optimization for Resource Allocation in Cloud Infrastructure
Authors: Gupta Punit , Goyal Ujjwal , Verma Vaishali
Published: March 2019

Background:

Cloud Computing is a growing industry for secure and low cost pay per use
resources. Efficient resource allocation is the challenging issue in cloud computing environment. Many
task scheduling algorithms used to improve the performance of system. It includes ant colony, genetic
algorithm & Round Robin improve the performance but these are not cost efficient at the same time.

Objective:

In early proven task scheduling algorithms network cost are not included but in this proposed
ACO network overhead or cost is taken into consideration which thus improves the efficiency
of the algorithm as compared to the previous algorithm. Proposed algorithm aims to improve in term
of cost and execution time and reduces network cost.

Methods:

The proposed task scheduling algorithm in cloud uses ACO with network cost and execution
cost as a fitness function. This work tries to improve the existing ACO that will give improved
result in terms of performance and execution cost for cloud architecture. Our study includes a comparison
between various other algorithms with our proposed ACO model.

Results:

Performance is measured using an optimization criteria tasks completion time and resource
operational cost in the duration of execution. The network cost and user requests measures the performance
of the proposed model.

Conclusion:

The simulation shows that the proposed cost and time aware technique outperforms using
performance measurement parameters (average finish time, resource cost, network cost).
A Novel Bat Algorithm as ‘Range Determination’
Authors: Sharma Shabnam , Verma Sahil , Jyoti Kiran
Published: March 2019

Background:

Bat Algorithm is one of the swarm intelligence techniques inspired from
the echolocation of bats. In this work, many variants of Bat Algorithm are studied which are developed
by various researchers. Despite its drawback of getting trapped in local optima, it is preferred
over other swarm intelligence techniques. Considering the performance of Bat Algorithm and to extend
the existing work, biological behavior of bats is explored in this research work.

Objective:

One of the characteristics of real bats, i.e. range determination, was adopted to propose a
new variant of Bat Algorithm.

Methods:

The proposed algorithm computed “distance” using cross correlation of emitted pulse and
received echo.

Results:

The performance of Range Determiner-Bat Algorithm (RD-Bat Algorithm) was compared
with Standard Bat Algorithm on the basis of best, median, mean, worst and standard deviation values.

Conclusion:

Experimental results of proposed algorithm outperformed the standard Bat Algorithm.
Recent Advances in the Aspects of Architectural Photocatalysts and its Application
Authors: Zhang Quan , Yang Fengli , Dai Wei-Lin
Published: March 2019

Architectural photocatalysts have considered to be an eco-friendly and green technology
for protection and remediation of environment and the emergence of these photocatalysts also provides
a new way for solar energy conversion and utilization as it only works under sunlight irradiation.
.Based on latest research from related group and other colleagues, this paper mainly reviews the
different synthesis of architectural photocatalysts and its working mechanism and introduces some
relevant applications, such as the degradation of organic pollutants, the photocatalytic hydrogen production
and CO2 reduction and so on. What's more, the opportunities and challenges encountered in
the area of architectural photocatalysts and their potential applications in more fields have been briefly
illustrated.
Track Maneuvering using PID Control for Self-driving Cars
Authors: Farag Wael
Published: March 2019

Background:

In this paper, a Proportional-Integral-Differential (PID) controller that facilitates
track maneuvering for self-driving cars is proposed.

Methods:

Three different design approaches are used to find and tune the controller hyperparameters.
One of them is “WAF-Tune”, which is an ad hoc trial-and-error based technique that is
specifically proposed in this paper for this specific application. The proposed controller uses only
the Cross-Track-Error (CTE) as an input to the controller, whereas the output is the steering command.

Results:

Extensive simulation studies in complex tracks with many sharp turns have been carried out
to evaluate the performance of the proposed controller at different speeds.

Conclusion:

The analysis shows that the proposed technique outperforms the other ones. The usefulness
and the shortcomings of the proposed tuning mechanism are also discussed in details.
Modulation of Shape and Size-Dependent Characteristics of Nanoparticles
Authors: Sharma Rashmi , Sharma Pramod K. , Malviya Rishabha
Published: March 2019

Background:

Nanoparticles have considerably been studied for biomedical
applications which include biosensing, bioimaging diagnostics, etc. but the effect of
shape and size on the nanoparticles has received little attention. The execution of
nanoparticles is affected by various factors such as size, shape, surface charge, etc.

Objective:

In this manuscript, the effects of nanoparticles size and shape on cellular uptake,
biodistribution, and half-life of nanoparticles are discussed. The shape of nanoparticles
affects the biodistribution, cellular uptake, adhesion strength, half-life circulation,
and drug release kinetics and drug clearance.

Methods and Results:

The shape of the particles enhances the distribution ratio. Particles
with a different shape such as spherical shape particles, improve oral drug bioavailability.
Rod-like structure of particles showed more specific uptake and less nonspecific uptake
in cells related to sphere particles. The size of the particles also affects the binding properties
to the receptor and the enthalpic and entropic properties to control the adhesive
strength in nanoparticles. Maximum in vitro cellular uptake showed a 10-60nm size
range. Nanoparticles that are more than 100nm in size have the ability to penetrate
through leaky vasculature into tumors. The size of the nanoparticles affects the biological
fate and the large size particles are accumulated in the liver and spleen.

Conclusion:

The present manuscript specifically deals with the nanocarrier formulation
such as cubosomes and hexasomes. The nanoparticles shape has an impact on hydrodynamics
significantly and interfaces of vascular targeting. Due to the small particle size of
the cubosomes nanoparticles, the cubic phase is more appropriate for the controlled release
drug delivery system. It can be concluded from the findings of the literature survey
that the size and shape of nanocarriers have a significant effect on pharmaceutical and
biomedical adaptation.
Distribución potencial y abundancia de candelilla (Euphorbia antisyphilitica) en el norte de Zacatecas, México
Authors: Bañuelos-Revilla José Enrique , Palacio-Núñez Jorge , Martínez-Montoya Juan Felipe , Olmos-Oropeza Genaro , Flores-Cano Jorge Alberto
Published: March 2019

En las zonas áridas de México habita la candelilla (Euphorbia antisyphilitica), especie con importancia social y económica, pero cuya disponibilidad no está bien definida. El objetivo de este trabajo fue estimar su distribución potencial  y abundancia en el norte del estado de Zacatecas. Para la distribución potencial se realizó un modelado mediante el algoritmo MaxEnt®, donde se usaron 18 registros de presencia: 8 históricos y 10 propios, así como 27 variables predictivas. Se cotejó en campo la presencia mediante 29 puntos aleatorios en el área con distribución potencial y otros 19 fuera de ella. La densidad poblacional se estimó mediante parcelas, se midió la talla de los ejemplares y se consideraron las variables: tipo de vegetación y de suelo, altitud y pendiente del terreno y se realizó la prueba de Kruskal-Wallis. El modelo presentó buena predicción (AUC = 0.920), donde 11 variables contribuyeron con 82.1% en la distribución potencial y las más importantes fueron: tipo de vegetación, exposición, pendiente, altitud y cobertura vegetal. La distribución potencial se encontró en 19.2% del total del área de estudio; la densidad poblacional fue de 295 767.3 individuos por kilómetro cuadrado, influida significativamente por el tipo de vegetación y altitud. La talla de las plantas fue significativamente menor en pendiente escarpada. En 37.9% de los puntos de validación con distribución potencial hubo resultados positivos de presencia de la especie, sin embargo, en 10.5% fuera del área de distribución potencial también apareció. Se concluye que mediante la utilización del algoritmo MaxEnt® se puede modelar la distribución potencial de plantas silvestres, como la candelilla; la distribución potencial fue discontinua y menor a 20%.
Dorper sheep cross breeding with Indigenous sheep breed in Ethiopia
Authors: Walle Desalegn Ayichew
Published: March 2019

The objective of this review paper was to review dorper sheep cross breeding with indigenous sheep breed in Ethiopia. The paper reviewed and discussed the history of dorper breed introduction, research and development efforts in crossbreeding and their performance under on-station and on-farm management. Formal survey on farmers perception on Dorper cross sheep indicated that the crossbred dorper sheep have non selective feed behavior and excellent in meat production under farmer`s management. On other study showed that dorper sheep was not meet farmer interest in breeding sheep aspect because of black coat color. The performance of indigenous sheep and their crosses with Dorper varied as per the location, management, farming conditions and percentage of exotic blood level inheritance. Different research output by team of researchers on farm and on station performance evaluation of dorper indicated that crossbreds often outperformed their local contemporaries. Under on farm condition, body weight at different ages was significantly higher in 50% Dorper crosses as compared to their 25% and75% counter parts.On station birth weight of Dorper (3.39 3.8 kg) better than crossbreed (3.0 3.24 ± 0.04 kg) and local sheep (2.36 2.77 kg), respectively.While the mean weaning weight (14 16 kg) and yearling weight (26.95 32.43 ± 0.46 kg) of 50% Dorper crossbreed was better than indigenous sheep breeds. However, crossbred ewes and local sheep breeds did not differ in litter size. Dorper crosses with Afar under on station is not economically important due to lower weight in all aspects. Crossbreeding programs of dorper with indigenous sheep require strong research and development support from public service and non-governmental institutions for sustainable design, optimization, and implementation in clearly defined production environments.
Phytochemical analysis, proximate composition and antibacterial activities of Ziziphus Species (Z. jujube and Z. spina christi)
Authors: Alhassan Kamalu Abdullahi , Indabawa Aisha Shuaibu , Shah M. Manjur
Published: March 2019

Despite tremendous progress in human medicines infectious diseases caused by bacteria, fungi, viruses and parasites are still a major threat to public health. Their impact is particularly large in developing countries due to relative unavailability of medicines and emergence of widespread drugs resistance (Zampini 2009).The aim and objectives of this research work was designed to carried out the Phytochemical analysis, proximate composition and evaluate the antimicrobial activities of the Ziziphus jujube and Ziziphus spina christi leaves against clinical bacterial isolates (Escherichia coli, Staphloccoccus  aureus and Klebsiella  pneumoniae) as they were found out that since ancient times to date, they are used in treating various antimicrobial, ailmentand disorders etc. The results of the research shows that, the effect of antibacterial activities of both aqueous and ethanolic extracts of Ziziphus jujube (e extract conc. aqueous; F=119.37, Bacterial extract conc. aqueous; F=1.00 and extract conc. ethanol; F=15.74, Bacterial extract conc. ethanol; F=0.59) are reciprocal proportional to their counterpart, Ziziphus spina-christi (extract conc. aqueous; F=54.96, Bacterial extract conc. aqueous; F=0.94 and extract conc. ethanol; F=81.11, Bacterial extract conc. ethanol; F=1.37). In sum, the minimum inhibitory concentration of Ziziphus jujube shows that, the aqueous extract has M.I.C at range of 11.7 to 8.7mg/ml on all tested bacteria but the ethanolic extract has M.I.C of 14.8 to 8.2mg/ml range on E.coli, Klepsiella spp and S. aureus. While, the minimum inhibitory concentraton of Ziziphus spina-christi shows that the M.I.C of aqueous extract range of 12.8 to 8.3mg/ml on E. coli, Klepsiella spp and S.aureus. But, Ziziphus spina-christi M.I.C of ethanolic extract is 13.5 to 8.8mg/ml on all the tested bacteria. In sum, Zizuphus spina-christi has lower nutritional content and low MIC ethanolic extract than that of Ziziphus jujube.
ACADEMIC FREEDOM AND AUTONOMY IN THE UNIVERSITIES: PAST AND PRESENT
Authors: Mu-azu Iddirisu Andani , Awugah Samuel A. , Alidu Ayuba Ibrahim
Published: March 2019

Academic freedom and autonomy have since mediaeval times been considered the hubs around which critical and independent thinking revolved. Men like Socrates, Copernicus, Galileo and Bertrand Russell suffered many indignities in defence of these ideals. Hiring and firing Vice-Chancellors always raise the issue of academic freedom in universities to choose their teachers and operate within their ivory towers without any interference. Besides observations, the work relied on literature review. The paper defines academic freedom and autonomy, carefully details how university councils, academic boards and other committees have resisted outside intrusions into these cherished ideals. Unsuccessful onslaughts at the freedom and autonomy of universities have only called for more consultations and collaboration between governments and university leaderships. This ideal relationship is to harmonise scholastic pursuits with national goals and aspirations. While one cannot expect the government, as financiers of public universities, to look on unconcerned about what happens inside its universities. An appreciation of each other’s expectations and roles can harness national development without any players feeling traumatized and befuddled. Increased participation of academics in partisan politics and scrupulous regard for merit and committee work in universities will not only improve government understanding of universities, but also create peaceful industrial atmospheres in universities to render both interference and censure unnecessary.
Implikasi Peran Pemuda dalam Penanggulangan Bencana Kebakaran Hutan dan Lahan Terhadap Ketahanan Wilayah Ogan Ilir (Studi Pada Pemuda Komunitas Elite Armada Rimba Sriwijaya)
Authors: Utami Sundari , Armawi Armaidy , Hadmoko Danang Sri
Published: March 2019

ABSTRACTThis theses analyze the role of youth in handling forest and land fire disasters on the Ogan Ilir resilience. The research method used qualitative with descriptive analysis. Data collection technique in this study used observation, interview, and documentation. Then, data analysis technique in this research: 1) data reduction, 2) data categories, 3) data presentation, and 4) conclusions. The result showed that the roles of youth in overcome the forest and land fires disaster have three stages. First prevention, is done by socialization to students and coaching on self, people, and environment. Second countermeasure, is carried out by monitoring, keeping communication, and firefighting. Then the third after disaster, there is no disaster so the things done by this community. The role of youth, represented by Elite Arari Community have implications to all aspects of regional resilience; geographically, it emerges the awareness and concern to environment; on the demographical aspect it changes the community mindset, create conducive political situation, keeps the economic stability, maintains the social condition of the society and prevents conflicts, and rises up the sense of security for the people in Ogan Ilir region.ABSTRAKPenelitian ini menganalisis implikasi peran pemuda Komunitas Elite Arari dalam penanggulangan bencana kebakaran hutan dan lahan terhadap ketahanan wilayah di Ogan Ilir. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif kualitatif. Teknik pengumpulan data dilakukan empat tahap yaitu observasi, wawancara, dokumentasi, dan kepustakaan. Teknik analisis data dalam penelitian ini, yakni: 1) reduksi data, 2) kategori data, 3) penyajian data, dan 4) penarikan kesimpulan. Peran pemuda Komunitas Elite Arari dalam menanggulangi bencana kebakaran terbagi menjadi tiga tahapan yaitu tahap pra bencana, saat bencana, dan pasca bencana. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa peran pemuda pada tahap pra bencana dilakukan dengan sosialisasi terhadap pelajar serta melakukan pembinaan terhadap diri sendiri, sesama, dan lingkungan. Sedangkan pada saat bencana peran dilakukan dalam bentuk kegiatan pemantauan dan komunikasi serta pemadaman kebakaran hutan dan lahan. Pada tahap pasca bencana tidak terdapat hal yang dilakukan. Peran pemuda dari Komunitas Elite Arari berimplikasi pada seluruh aspek ketahanan wilayah, pada aspek geografi mampu menumbuhkan kesadaran dan kepedulian terhadap lingkungan, pada aspek demografi dengan merubah pola pikir masyarakat, menciptakan kondisi situasi politik yang kondusif, mewujudkan kesejahteraan masyarakat melalui kegiatan pereonomian yang kondusif, menjaga kondisi sosial masyarakat agat tidak terjadi konflik vertikal dan horizontal, serta mampu menciptakan rasa aman bagi masyarakat di wilayah Ogan Ilir.
Síndrome de Activación Macrofágica con paniculitis histiocítica citofágica en pediatría: reporte de caso
Authors: Vásquez Dulce , Rodríguez George , Soto Jatnna
Published: March 2019

Introducción: El síndrome de activación macrofágica (SAM) es una entidad poco frecuente del sistema fagocítico-mononuclear, caracterizada por la activación benigna de macrófagos en la medula ósea, hígado, bazo y/o ganglios linfáticos asociada a alteraciones genéticas, mutaciones en el gen perforina 1 (PRF1), infecciones virales, fúngicas o bacterianas, neoplasias hematológicas, inmunodeficiencias o enfermedades autoinmunes.

Material y métodos: Al tratarse de una patología poco documentada debido a la confusión generada por los diversos nombres que ha recibido en la literatura, por su cercanía con otras patologías que cursan con un cuadro clínico muy similar, como lo es el Síndrome Hemofagocítico (SHF); presentamos el caso de un varón de 13 años de edad con síndrome de activación macrofágica, con paniculitis histiocítica citofágica de buen pronóstico, de origen esporádico.

Conclusión: La terapia con corticoesteroides en dosis baja es un punto por evaluar en esta patología, debido a la buena respuesta del tratamiento en este caso particular. Asimismo, la importancia de una intervención y manejo precoz que reduzcan considerablemente el riesgo de progresión a falla multiorgánica y la mortalidad por el síndrome.
Students’ pro-environmental behavior and environmental learning outcomes based on green consumerism
Authors: Ichsan Ilmi Zajuli , Sigit Diana Vivanti , Miarsyah Mieke , Azrai Eka Putri , Heryanti Erna
Published: March 2019

Green consumerism has been considered as one of promising movement in maintaining the environmental quality. This research aimed to describe the students’ pro-environmental behavior (PEB) as considerable as there learning outcome based on green consumerism. This survey research was conducted in State Junior High School 1 of South Tambun, Bekasi, West Java on July-August 2018. The sampling technique used was simple random sampling with 256 students. The subject was divided into two groups: 128 students from seventh grade who had not received environmental learning materials and 128 students from eighth grade who had received environmental learning materials. The data analysis used in this study was an independent t-test. The results of the t-test showed that there was no significant difference of PEB achievement between the two groups. In addition, not with standing that the average of the students’ environmental learning outcomes was 72.76, but there was as high as 78.60% of students’ achievement was classified below the standard value. Thus, teachers should evaluate the environmental materials used. It is expected that Biology subjects on environmental material can accommodate green consumerism concepts.
Scientific literacy profile in biological science of high school students
Authors: R Novaristiana , Rinanto Yudi , Ramli Murni
Published: March 2019

Scientific literacy is very important for students, so that they can live in the 21st-Century, including solving problems that occur in everyday life. This study was aimed to get an overview of the high school students’ scientific literacy profile in biology learning in the Surakarta City, Central Java, Indonesia. This research was ex-post-facto, looking at the effects of school type and school status. The population was 8750 students from General High Schools, Vocational High Schools, and Islamic High Schools. The sample of 334 students was selected using the proportionate stratified random sampling. The data were collected using scientific literacy tests. The test instrument was prepared by translating the PISA tests on biology from 2006 to 2015 into Indonesian. The test does not take place simultaneously in all schools. The results showed the high school students’ biological science literacy in Surakarta City was very low, except for the private IHSs students, who gained the low category. If viewed from the trend of the achievement levels, high school students in Surakarta City get the lowest achievement level at level 6 and highest at level 5. It concluded the high school students’ scientific literacy in Surakarta City were very low.
Reasoning patterns and modes of prospective biology teachers on embryology learning with TPACK framework
Authors: Nurdiani Nia , Rustaman Nuryani Y. , Setiawan Wawan , Priyandoko Didik
Published: March 2019

The study was aimed at determining the effectiveness of learning using TPACK (Technological Pedagogical and Content Knowledge) framework in helping the change of reasoning patterns and modes of Biology prospective teachers so that it facilitates in encompassing the Embryology as one of abstract concepts. The subjects used were 49 students of Biology teachers who were having a contract in Embryology course in Biology Education Study Program, in a private educational institute in Bandung. The research design used was quasi-experimental with time-series design type.  The measurement of the level of reasoning ability, patterns, and modes of the students were done through the Test of Logical Thinking (ToLT) three times (before the learning program takes place, after learning the first four main subjects, and after the learning program was over). The results showed that the Embryology learning with TPACK framework could directly change the from concrete and transitional reasoners categories to formal reasoners. The learning with TPACK framework also influenced the shift of the students’ logical thinking modes; from the ownership of proportional and/or correlational mode to the ownership of two or three reasoning modes between proportional, probability, correlational, and combinatorial, except the variable control mode.
The feasibility of biology module based on Stim-HOTS models
Authors: Pramesti Betty Novia , Sajidan Sajidan , Dwiastuti Sri , Setyaningsih Eko
Published: March 2019

Based on the need’s analysis done, the empowerment of higher-order cognitive skills of the students in Surakarta was not optimal yet. This research addressed to determine and describe the feasibility of biology module which was arranged based on Stimulating Higher-Order Thinking Skills (Stim-HOTS) model. This Research and Development (R&D) involved six expert validators, including material validator, module development validator, language validator, learning instrument validator, and school practitioners. The results showed that the percentages of the module feasibility were between 83% and 98% which were categorized as very good. Based on the results of the analysis, it can be implied that the Stim-HOTS-based module can be used as learning resource.
Numerical model of beem-to-column joint finite stifness
Authors: Bagautdinov Ruslan I. , Daurov Zaur S. , Komarov Yuriy P. , Mostovskiy Nikolaiy N.
Published: March 2019

Introduction. One of the greatest accents in the steel structures researches is the optimization of the design model. It is possible to reduce the cost of steel structures, optimize moment distribution and dynamic characteristics of the frame using the finite secant stiffness, which can be obtained by the described in the paper numerical modeling method. There are a lot of perspectives for the engineer in the field of numerical modeling. Most of them are possible to implement in the design procedure nowadays, but it is important to develop methods and standards for numerical modeling, in order to obtain convenient tools and reliable results. In order to study this issue in more depth, the “moment - turn” curve was studied, maximum stress values were determined, and rigidity and strength characteristics were prepared for each type of joint for structural analysis. Materials and methods. In the program Ansys was modelling three types of steel joints: end-plate connections, double web-angle connections and top and seat angle connections. Results. For three types of joints was obtained ultimate moment, location of destruction and moment-rotation curve. For extended end-plate connections was comparison of the obtained curve with experimental data. Conclusions. Three types of steel joints were modeled in the paper. The numerical modeling results show good correlation with the experimental ones. The data about the behavior of the joints were extracted and analyzed. As result, “moment-angle of rotation” curves were obtained. Finite secant stiffness of the joints for considering steel structures was obtained in the analysis. The resulting finite secant stiffness can be used in the steel frames design procedure.
Recognizing and Transforming Knowledge Mobilization in Colleges of Education
Authors: Zuiker Steven John , Piepgrass Niels , Tefera Adai , Anderson Kate T. , Winn Kevin , Fischman Gustavo
Published: March 2019

This study examines emerging efforts by three colleges of education to contribute to and benefit research use through public systems of knowledge exchange among researchers, practitioners, policymakers, and other education stakeholders. Often labeled knowledge mobilization (KM), such organization- and individual-level agendas seek to enhance, expand, and sustain engagement with educational research. Colleges of education with public KM agendas signal formal, local efforts at a time when KM remains weakly integrated field- and sector-wide in education. The study therefore illuminates the interdependent opportunities and challenges that accompany individual and organizational capacities for such change. Drawing on faculty survey responses (n=66), findings resolve scholarly practices in terms of both knowledge production and mobilization as well as in relation to individual and organizational agendas, which are considered in terms of four general tensions that influence efforts to extend the reach and impact of scholarship in colleges of education.
Anti-corruption policy of the Republic of Indonesia
Authors: Teplov Aleksei V , Belchenko Andrej S , Kuzmina Galina V , Rexstar Ofando D
Published: March 2019

In this article, the authors consider the methods of anti-corruption policy of the Republic of Indonesia by analyzing the stages of the ﬁght against corruption in the country. The ﬁght against corruption is an integral part of the existence of the state apparatus of any country. The solution of any business practice with the help of “gifts” has always been a normal practice in the countries of the South-East Asia. After winning the independence, the Indonesian authorities were paying serious attention to the fight against corruption. Since 1958, on the initiative of the President Sukarno in Indonesia, for the ﬁrst time, a special body to combat corruption, named “the Committee for the Correction of the State Apparatus” was created. After the transfer of power from President Sukarno to General Suharto, the corruption in Indonesia reached unprecedented proportions. The turning point in the corruption ﬁght took place in 2002, when President Megawati Sukarnoputri set up “The Corruption Eradication Commission”, which exists to the present day.
The origins of interaction between Russia and Germany in the ﬁeld of nature use in the context of forest management in the 13th-18th centuries
Authors: Babintseva Ekaterina Alekseevna
Published: March 2019

Taking into account the comparative analysis of establishment of environmental regulation of the speciﬁc state formations, the author considers the issue of mutual relations between Russia and Germany in the ﬁeld of production and consumption of natural resources. Contrary to the periodization of the study of the ecological relations between the states in the second half of the 19th century, the earlier common grounds between the Russian side and the German side, related to the period of existence of the Holy Roman Empire and the Russian Empire, are in focus of attention. A number of ancient legal acts, including Russian chronicles such as the “Russkaya Pravda” and German local resolutions in the ﬁeld of forest exploitation, are analyzed. A breach between the appearance and the borrowing of the experience in Russia is confronted. The sequence, the main stages and the nature of interstate interaction of Russia and Germany in the sphere of protection of forests and natural resources were unveiled during the research. The study concluded that the strengthening of the partnership between Russia and Germany in the ﬁeld of environmental protection will have a positive impact on the Russian environmental situation. As a state with a long history of natural resource management, Germany can become a great source of experience and a model for modernization of the management of wood resources.
La perspectiva hermenéutica y el sentido de la comunicación en el contexto de la sociocultura
Authors: Villarreal Valera José Alfredo , Rosales Almarales Yovanis , Rivera Ríos Alex Rodrigo
Published: March 2019

El presente artículo tiene como objetivo definir la importancia de la hermenéutica como herramienta metodológica para entender el proceso de la comunicación. Para ello se siguió una estrategia investigativa que privilegia la revisión analítica de fuentes originales, así como el empleo de métodos teóricos y empíricos, tales como la observación, las entrevistas y la triangulación teórica, por medio de la combinación de paradigmas cuantitativos y cualitativos. El mismo ofrece como resultado novedoso una sistematización que, desde una perspectiva interpretativa, explica el papel indispensable de la hermenéutica para comprender los significados de las prácticas de comunicación, desde cuyo enfoque esta no ha sido suficientemente tratada.
Fokus & Forum
Authors: Melander Preben
Published: March 2019

Hvad kan vi i en verden med tiltagende mistillid, aggressivitet og usikkerhed gøre for at modvirke en global samfundsudvikling, hvor de demokratiske værdier sættes under pres?