bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Impact of the Daily Mile™ on School Pupils’ Fitness, Cognition, and Wellbeing: Findings From Longer Term Participation
Authors: Booth Josephine N. , Chesham Ross A. , Brooks Naomi E. , Gorely Trish , Moran Colin N.
Published: April 2022

Background

School based running programmes, such as The Daily Mile™, positively impact pupils’ physical health, however, there is limited evidence on psychological health. Additionally, current evidence is mostly limited to examining the acute impact. The present study examined the longer term impact of running programmes on pupil cognition, wellbeing, and fitness.

Method

Data from 6,908 school pupils (mean age 10.2 ± 0.7 years), who were participating in a citizen science project, was examined. Class teachers provided information about participation in school based running programmes. Participants completed computer-based tasks of inhibition, verbal and visual-spatial working memory, as well as the Children’s Feeling scale and Felt arousal scale to determine subjective wellbeing. A multistage 20-m shuttle run test was used to estimate fitness.

Results

From our total sample of 6,908 school pupils, 474 participants had been taking part in a running programme for <2 months (Shorter term participation); 1,004 participants had Longer Term participation (>3 months); and 5,430 did not take part in a running programme. The Longer Term participation group had higher fitness levels than both other groups and this remained significant when adjusted for age, sex and SES. Moderated regression analysis found that for the Shorter Term participation group, higher shuttle distance was associated with better visual-spatial working memory. Effect sizes were small though.

Conclusion

We identified small and selective positive impact of participation in school based running programmes on fitness and cognition. While no long term benefit was identified for cognition or wellbeing, the impact on fitness and short term benefit suggest schools should consider participation.
Renting vs. Owning: Public Stereotypes of Housing Consumption Decision From the Perspective of Confucian Culture: Evidence From Event-Related Potentials
Authors: Liu Xiaojun , Yu Mingqi , Cheng Baoquan , Fu Hanliang , Guo Xiaotong
Published: April 2022

The ideas of face consciousness, group conformity, extended family concept, and crisis consciousness in Confucian culture have a subtle and far-reaching impact on housing consumption decision among the Chinese public, forming a housing consumption model of “preferring to own a house rather than rent one.” The poor interaction between the housing rental market and the sales market caused by the shortage of rental demand and irrational purchasing behaviors has led to soaring house prices and imbalance between supply and demand that prevail in major cities in China. To gain a deeper understanding of public cognitive attitude toward decisions on owning and renting a house, this study divided the subjects into high and low impact groups based on the overall Confucian culture and four subdimensions. It attempts to take a cognitive neuroscience approach for assessing public stereotypes of housing consumption decision with different types based on the analysis of event-related potentials (ERPs). The results are as follows. First, overall, there is an obvious implicit stereotype of renting a house and explicit stereotype of owning a house among the public. Second, ERPs data show that descriptions of renting a house with positive adjectives could evoke more significant N400 responses. In other words, in the heuristic system, the public perceive that renting a house is restrictive, stressful, unhappy, and crisis. Data from subjective reports show that, after processing information in the analytic system, the public tend to think that owning a house is self-contained, restful, warm, and comfortable. Third, a more negative stereotype of renting a house exists in the high Confucian culture influence group (HIC) Group than in the low Confucian culture influence group (LIC) Group, and is more inclined to own a home. Fourth, under the Confucian culture sub-dimension, there are differences in housing consumption stereotypes between high and low groups in terms of extended family concept, group conformity, and crisis consciousness. Fifth, the moderating effect analysis found that perceived usefulness, trust in the rental market, and policy perception can be important factors in guiding public housing consumption stereotypes.
Restructuring Interlinked With Employer and Corporate Branding Amidst COVID-19: Embodying Crowdsourcing
Authors: Sabir Raja Irfan , Nazri Mohammad , Majid Muhammad Bilal , Mahmood Hamid , Abbas Khurram , Bano Sobia
Published: April 2022

The COVID-19 pandemic is an unprecedented time in history. Surrounding this pandemic are many enormous uncertainties across the globe. Severe consequences have assessed for the incomes of almost 84% of employers and 68% of self-employed who are working and living in countries that are or have went through a phase of closing workplaces. Similarly, the global rate of unemployment is also expected to be increased in the coming years as 54% of employers worldwide are running their businesses in the hardest-hit sectors. All of these clearly show the uneven impact of the Coronavirus crisis (COVID-19) which will remarkably compound already present inequalities, difficulties, and vulnerabilities. The economic ramifications for 186 countries under the crunch of the COVID-19 pandemic is also considered tremendous for Pakistan. The core aim of this research was to test a new conceptual framework depicting the ramifications of restructuring processes carried out by management for their organizations amidst the COVID-19 pandemic on an Institute’s reputation as an employer brand. It also investigates the impact of perceived restructuring on a corporate brand promise made by the university or institute from the viewpoints of other key stakeholders and potential job seekers. The current study had proposed four hypotheses and according to the results of Structural Equation Modeling, the direct hypothesis based upon the relationship between restructuring and employer branding has been rejected. This study shows that restructuring and employer branding has a negative and insignificant effect on each other. The second direct hypothesis of the study that measures the effect of restructuring on corporate branding has been accepted. A corporate brand is a kind of a hub and it considers how an institute treats and deals with all of its stakeholders. It is different from employer brand as the perceptions of employees were the main focus. So, according to the results restructuring did not cause massive damage to the overall outlook of the institute. Furthermore, for the purpose of mediation analysis, the maximum likelihood method by bootstrapping was adopted to test the indirect hypotheses of the study. Crowdsourcing was introduced as a mediator in this study with restructuring, employer, and corporate brand all together in one framework, which is the novel aspect of this study. There are two indirect hypotheses and according to the results both of them did not show any insignificant results. Firstly, the study analyzed mediation among crowdsourcing, restructuring, and employer branding which was fully accepted as the results showed full mediation between these constructs. Secondly, the study analyzed mediation among crowdsourcing, restructuring, and corporate branding which was partially accepted as results showed partial mediation between these constructs.
The U-Curve of Happiness Revisited: Correlations and Differences in Life Satisfaction Over the Span of Life—An Empirical Evaluation Based on Data From 1,597 Individuals Aged 12–94 in Germany
Authors: Karwetzky Christopher , Michaelsen Maren M. , Werdecker Lena , Esch Tobias
Published: April 2022

Background

Subjective wellbeing (SWB) is a research topic of growing interest for different disciplines. Based on a cross-sectional survey with 1,597 participants aged 12–94, this study investigated life satisfaction and momentary happiness, two important dimensions of SWB. We examined their relationship, shape, and correlates across individuals of different ages and interpreted the results in the light of a neurobiological model of motivation systems.

Methods

Statistical analyses were performed using multiple linear regression. First, we examined how life satisfaction is associated with selected socio-demographic variables across four age groups. Second, we analyzed the association between life satisfaction and age, and lastly, we examined the extent to which happiness is a prerequisite for life satisfaction in each age group.

Results

Our analyses show that life satisfaction correlates negatively with poor health and financial worries, and positively with partnership, grandchildren, and religiosity. However, the inverse relationship with poor health is stronger in younger than in older individuals, while the inverse association with financial worries is strongest in late midlife (50–69 years). We identified gender-specific differences concerning the relationship between life satisfaction and age, with males displaying a U-shape trend with its lowest point between the ages of 30 and 49, whereas females’ life satisfaction increases stepwise with age. Although momentary happiness correlates strongly with life satisfaction, this relationship decreases with age.

Conclusion

The results suggest that individuals adjust or even grow beyond their perceptions of a “good life” over time. Neurobiological processes of adaptation and personal growth could play an important role in these developments.
Internal Mechanisms of Human Motor Behaviour: A System-Theoretical Perspective
Authors: Petryński Wacław , Staszkiewicz Robert , Szyndera Mirosław
Published: April 2022

The authors present the conceptual and system-theoretical model of human motor behaviour. The main assumption is that movement is the only observable manifestation of all psychical processes, thus, it is the only phenomenon enabling the creation of hypotheses concerning the psychological conditioning of human behaviour. They pointed to the fact that in the field of biology, and all the more, in psychology, mathematical descriptions are hardly eligible. In this respect, a system-theoretical approach seems to be appropriate. The authors present two systems: information processing modalities in the human mind, based on Nikolai Bernstein’s theory, and the series of processes from stimuli reception to motor response execution. Both these sub-systems make up a super-system. Its simplified graphical representation may be termed “Column Diagram.” The authors analyse the functioning of this super-system in various intellectual-motor purposeful operations. The system-theoretical perspective enables clear categorisation of various human motor operations, their “driving” mechanisms, internal patterns, and their superficial physical and/or mathematical “appearance.” The stream of consciousness in a human motor operation joins the various psychological constructs, which are reception, perception, attention, motivation, intellect, memory, etc., into one coherent, inseparable system.
Opinions of Teachers on Distance Education Applications in English Language Teaching Policies in Northern Cyprus During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Uysal Merve , Çağanağa Çağda Kıvanç
Published: April 2022

The COVID-19 pandemic affected education institutions just like several other sectors. These institutions, which are among the places where people are found collectively, were the first places that were closed for precaution. Some problems of distance education conducted in online platforms which were assumed upon the termination of face-to-face education emerged in time. Especially in this urgent solution, where the workload of teachers has increased, some application difficulties have been identified in foreign language teaching. From this point of view, considering the foreign language education policy and planning, this study deals with the distance education practices of English teachers, the difficulties they encounter in the process, and their solution proposals. The research, which was designed as a qualitative study, was conducted with a case study design. The participants of the research are 13 English teachers working at the secondary school level in different districts of Northern Cyprus determined by the homogeneous sampling method. The data were collected through semi-structured interviews developed by the researchers. The qualitative data were analyzed with descriptive analysis. As a result of the interviews with the teachers, it has been determined that there are problems related to technology, students, online classes, and planning in English teaching carried out with distance education applications. Accordingly, the teachers offered their recommendations that could be a solution to the existing problems.
What Affects Sports Participation and Life Satisfaction Among Urban Residents? The Role of Self-Efficacy and Motivation
Authors: Yu Guo , Song Yu
Published: April 2022

As a result of the global pandemic, new awareness and perceptions of physical and mental health are changing. How to promote people's participation in sports to improve their physical fitness and how to increase their life satisfaction are urgent issues for attention. This study is aimed to discover the mechanisms that influence sports participation and life satisfaction among urban residents, focusing on the role of self-efficacy and motivation. A questionnaire survey on sports participation of Shanghai residents in China found that self-efficacy significantly and positively influenced sports participation; sports participation significantly and positively influenced life satisfaction; and motivation positively influenced sports participation and mediated between self-efficacy and sports participation, but sports participation did not mediate between self-efficacy and life satisfaction. Therefore, it is important to enhance people's self-confidence in sports participation and establish the concept of sports for all people, so as to strengthen people's motivation to participate in sports, and to guide people to exercise actively through national fitness, so that more people can be happy in sports.
Measurement Properties of the Staff Attitude to Coercion Scale: A Systematic Review
Authors: Husum Tonje Lossius , Ruud Torleif , Lickiewicz Jakub , Siqveland Johan
Published: April 2022

Objective

The Staff Attitude to Coercion Scale (SACS) was developed to assess mental health care staff's attitudes to the use of coercion in treatment. The staff's attitudes to the use of coercion may also influence their willingness to engage in professional development projects aimed at reducing use of coercion. This study systematically reviews the existing evidence related to the measurement properties of the SACS in papers published since the publication of SACS in 2008.

Methods

Seven databases were searched for studies published until October 2021 assessing the measurement properties of SACS or using SACS. All original studies reporting data relevant for the assessment of measurement properties of the SACS were eligible for inclusion. The methodological quality of the studies was assessed and rated using the COnsensus-based Standard for the selection of health Measurement INstruments (COSMIN).

Results

Of the 81 identified publications, 13 studies with a total of 2,675 respondents met the inclusion criteria. Most studies reported data on structural validity and internal consistency, with high methodological quality, but there were almost no data on any other measurement properties.

Conclusion

We found evidence for adequate structural validity and internal consistency of the SACS, while other important measurement properties were not addressed in any of the reviewed studies. Caution is needed when interpreting results of the SACS in terms of aspects such as reliability, criterion validity and measurement error. The relationship between staff attitudes to coercion and the actual use of coercion also remains unclear and needs to be further investigated.

Systematic Review Registration

https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/, identifier: CRD42021239284.
Factors Associated With Prolonged Psychological Distress Among Nurses and Physicians Engaged in COVID-19 Patient Care in Singapore and Japan
Authors: Morioka Shinichiro , Tan Ban Hock , Kikuchi Hiroe , Asai Yusuke , Suzuki Tetsuya , Ashida Shinobu , Kutsuna Satoshi , Saito Sho , Hayakawa Kayoko , Tan Thuan Tong , Kodama Eiichi , Ohmagari Norio
Published: April 2022

This study explores the factors contributing to the prolonged psychological distress of frontline nurses and physicians caring for COVID-19 patients in hospitals in Singapore and Japan. A cross-sectional survey between September and December 2020 yielded 1,644 responses (23.8%), from 62 nurses and 64 physicians in Singapore and 1,280 nurses and 238 physicians in Japan. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that significant risk factors for prolonged psychological distress included being a frontline nurse [adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 2.40, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.24–4.66], having an underlying medical condition (aOR = 1.74, 95% CI: 1.22–2.46), experiencing prejudice because they undertook COVID-19 patient care (aOR = 3.05, 95% CI: 2.23–4.18), having trouble dealing with panicked or uncooperative patients (aOR = 2.36, 95% CI: 1.71–3.25), and experiencing an outbreak of COVID-19 in the hospital (aOR = 2.05, 95% CI: 1.38–3.04). Factors inversely associated with psychological distress included age (OR = 0.98, 95% CI: 0.97–1.00), number of beds in the hospital (aOR = 0.73, 95% CI: 0.57–0.94), clinical practice of carefully putting on and taking off personal protective equipment in daily COVID-19 patient care (aOR = 0.52, 95% CI: 0.37–0.73), and knowledge on COVID-19 (aOR = 0.82, 95% CI: 0.72–0.94). These results could help us identify vulnerable healthcare providers who need urgent mental care during the COVID-19 pandemic. Measures that may reduce psychological strain include adequate supply of medical resources, education on precautionary measures, and communication strategies to combat discrimination against frontline healthcare providers.
White Matter Tracts Associated With Deep Brain Stimulation Targets in Major Depressive Disorder: A Systematic Review
Authors: Yu Qun , Guo Xinxia , Zhu Zhoule , Feng Chen , Jiang Hongjie , Zheng Zhe , Zhang Jianmin , Zhu Junming , Wu Hemmings
Published: April 2022

Background

Deep brain stimulation (DBS) has been proposed as a last-resort treatment for major depressive disorder (MDD) and has shown potential antidepressant effects in multiple clinical trials. However, the clinical effects of DBS for MDD are inconsistent and suboptimal, with 30–70% responder rates. The currently used DBS targets for MDD are not individualized, which may account for suboptimal effect.

Objective

We aim to review and summarize currently used DBS targets for MDD and relevant diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) studies.

Methods

A literature search of the currently used DBS targets for MDD, including clinical trials, case reports and anatomy, was performed. We also performed a literature search on DTI studies in MDD.

Results

A total of 95 studies are eligible for our review, including 51 DBS studies, and 44 DTI studies. There are 7 brain structures targeted for MDD DBS, and 9 white matter tracts with microstructural abnormalities reported in MDD. These DBS targets modulate different brain regions implicated in distinguished dysfunctional brain circuits, consistent with DTI findings in MDD.

Conclusions

In this review, we propose a taxonomy of DBS targets for MDD. These results imply that clinical characteristics and white matter tracts abnormalities may serve as valuable supplements in future personalized DBS for MDD.
Long-Term Real-World Effectiveness of Aripiprazole Once-Monthly. Treatment Persistence and Its Correlates in the Italian and Spanish Clinical Practice: A Pooled Analysis
Authors: Olivares José Manuel , Fagiolini Andrea
Published: April 2022

Background

One of the most significant risk factors for relapse and hospitalization in schizophrenia is non-adherence to antipsychotic medications, very common in patients with schizophrenia. The aim of this analysis was to evaluate the treatment persistence to aripiprazole once-monthly (AOM) and the factors affecting it in the pooled population of two similar studies performed previously in two different European countries.

Methods

Pooled analysis of two non-interventional, retrospective, patient record-based studies: DOMINO and PROSIGO. Both analyzed treatment persistence after starting AOM treatment in the real-world setting. The primary variable was persistence with AOM treatment during the first 6 months after treatment initiation. A multivariate Cox regression model was used to evaluate the influence of several baseline characteristics on the persistence.

Results

The study population comprised 352 patients included in the two studies, DOMINO (n = 261) and PROSIGO (n = 91). The overall persistence with AOM treatment at the end of the 6-month observation period was 82.4%. The multivariate analysis showed that patients with “secondary school” level of education present a 67.4% lower risk of discontinuation within 6 months after AOM initiation when compared with “no/compulsory education patients” (p = 0.024). In addition, patients with an occupation present a 62.7% lower risk of discontinuation when compared with unemployed patients (p = 0.023). Regarding clinical history, patients with a Clinical Global Impression—Severity scale (CGI-S) score ≤3 present a 78.1% lower risk of discontinuation when compared with patients with a CGI-S score ≥6 (p = 0.044), while patients with a time since schizophrenia diagnosis ≤8.4 years present a 52.9% lower risk of discontinuation when compared with the rest of patients (p = 0.039).

Conclusion

The AOM persistence rate observed in this study was 82.4%, which was higher than that reported in clinical trials, aligned with other real-life studies and higher than reported for other long-acting injectable antipsychotics. The persistence rate was high in complex patients, although patients with higher level of education, active occupation, lower initial CGI-S score and shorter time since the diagnosis of schizophrenia appear to be more likely to remain persistent with AOM during the 6 months after initiation.
Screening for Autism Spectrum Disorder in Toddlers During the 18- and 24-Month Well-Child Visits
Authors: Zhang Ying , Zhou Zhaoe , Xu Qiong , Li Huiping , Lv Yujing , Zhu Guowei , Dong Ping , Li Dongyun , Wang Yi , Tang Xinrui , Xu Xiu
Published: April 2022

Objective

Early screening contributes to the early detection of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). We conducted a longitudinal ASD screening study in a large community setting. The study was designed to investigate the diagnostic rate of ASD screening and determine the effectiveness of ASD screening model in a community-based sample.

Methods

We enrolled children who attended 18- and 24-month well-child care visits in Shanghai Xuhui District. Modified Checklist for Autism in Toddlers, Revised with Follow-up (M-CHAT-R/F) and Binomial Observation Test (BOT) were selected as screening instruments. Screen-positive children were referred to a tertiary diagnostic center for comprehensive ASD diagnostic evaluation. Screen-negative children received well-child checkups and follow-up every 3–6 months until age three and were referred if they were suspected of having ASD.

Results

A total of 11,190 toddlers were screened, and 36 screen-positive toddlers were diagnosed with ASD. The mean age at diagnosis for these children was 23.1 ± 4.55 months, diagnosed 20 months earlier than ASD children not screened. The diagnostic rate of ASD was 0.32% (95% CI: 0.23–0.45%) in this community-based sample. In addition, 12 screen-negative children were diagnosed with ASD during subsequent well-child visit and follow-up. The average diagnostic rate of ASD rose to 0.43% (95% CI: 0.32–0.57%) when toddlers were followed up to 3 years old. The positive predictive values (PPVs) of M-CHAT-R/F, M-CHAT-R high risk, and BOT for ASD were 0.31, 0.43, and 0.38 respectively.

Conclusion

Our findings provide reliable data for estimating the rate of ASD detection and identifying the validity of community-based screening model. M-CHAT-R/F combined with BOT can be an effective tool for early detection of ASD. This community-based screening model is worth replicating.
A Work Environment Under Pressure: Psychosocial Job Demands and Resources Among Saturation Divers
Authors: Romsbotn Siri , Eftedal Ingrid , Vaag Jonas Rennemo
Published: April 2022

Saturation divers work and live under high physiological and social demands for weeks on end. Even though physiological research has contributed insights to the work conditions of saturation divers, research on the qualities of the divers' psychosocial work environment is lacking. This study aimed to explore which job demands and resources are viewed as characteristic among saturation divers working within an isolated and confined environment. Based on data from 6 in-depth semi-structured interviews, template analysis was applied to map unique characteristics. By using the theoretical framework of the job demands-resources model, we found that the work environment in saturation diving was characterized by shifting demands and big contrasts, requiring adaptability in each individual diver. One major demand described by the informants was an unpredictable future, somewhat due to the changes in the oil and gas industry. Another important demand was the conflict between family and work/leisure when committing to work for extended periods in isolated environments. The monotony that characterizes the work environment is a challenge that must be managed. High wages, periods of leisure, and a prestigious job provide external motivation, while personal resources such as mental endurance and flexibility, a willingness to learn, and keeping up small personal routines, may benefit the divers' mental health. This is also affected by the quality of team climate—with features such as being sociable and considerate, having a dark sense of humor and having trust in one another.
How to “Start Small and Just Keep Moving Forward”: Mixed Methods Results From a Stepped-Wedge Trial to Support Evidence-Based Processes in Local Health Departments
Authors: Jacob Rebekah R. , Parks Renee G. , Allen Peg , Mazzucca Stephanie , Yan Yan , Kang Sarah , Dekker Debra , Brownson Ross C.
Published: April 2022

Background

Local health departments (LHDs) in the United States are charged with preventing disease and promoting health in their respective communities. Understanding and addressing what supports LHD's need to foster a climate and culture supportive of evidence-based decision making (EBDM) processes can enhance delivery of effective practices and services.

Methods

We employed a stepped-wedge trial design to test staggered delivery of implementation supports in 12 LHDs (Missouri, USA) to expand capacity for EBDM processes. The intervention was an in-person training in EBDM and continued support by the research team over 24 months (March 2018–February 2020). We used a mixed-methods approach to evaluate: (1) individuals' EBDM skills, (2) organizational supports for EBDM, and (3) administered evidence-based interventions. LHD staff completed a quantitative survey at 4 time points measuring their EBDM skills, organizational supports, and evidence-based interventions. We selected 4 LHDs with high contact and engagement during the intervention period to interview staff (n = 17) about facilitators and barriers to EBDM. We used mixed-effects linear regression to examine quantitative survey outcomes. Interviews were transcribed verbatim and coded through a dual independent process.

Results

Overall, 519 LHD staff were eligible and invited to complete quantitative surveys during control periods and 593 during intervention (365 unique individuals). A total of 434 completed during control and 492 during intervention (83.6 and 83.0% response, respectively). In both trial modes, half the participants had at least a master's degree (49.7–51.7%) and most were female (82.1–83.8%). No significant intervention effects were found in EBDM skills or in implementing evidence-based interventions. Two organizational supports scores decreased in intervention vs. control periods: awareness (−0.14, 95% CI −0.26 to −0.01, p < 0.05) and climate cultivation (−0.14, 95% CI −0.27 to −0.02, p < 0.05) but improved over time among all participants. Interviewees noted staff turnover, limited time, resources and momentum as challenges to continue EBDM work. Setting expectations, programmatic reviews, and pre-existing practices were seen as facilitators.

Conclusions

Challenges (e.g., turnover, resources) may disrupt LHDs' abilities to fully embed organizational processes which support EBDM. This study and related literature provides understanding on how best to support LHDs in building capacity to use and sustain evidence-based practices.
Effective Teaching Behaviors of Clinical Nursing Teachers: A Qualitative Meta-Synthesis
Authors: Zhang Jian , Zhou Fenhua , Jiang Jinxia , Duan Xia , Yang Xin
Published: April 2022

Objectives

To identify, appraise, and synthesize the available evidence exploring the effective teaching behaviors of clinical nursing teachers.

Design

The Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) guidelines were followed, and a meta-synthesis was conducted.

Review Methods

Following databases were searched for relevant qualitative studies published in English and reporting primary data analysis, including experiences and perceptions of nursing students: PubMed, EBSCOhost, OVID, etc. Qualitative Assessment and Review Instrument were used to pool the qualitative research findings. Through the repeated reading of the original literature, the similar findings were combined and sorted into new categories, and then summarized into different synthesized themes.

Results

A total of nine articles were included. The review process produced 29 subcategories that were aggregated into seven categories. The categories generated three synthesized findings: good teaching literacy, solid professional competence, and harmonious faculty-student relationship.

Conclusions

The effective teaching behaviors of clinical nursing teachers are the driving force for the progress and growth of nursing students. In order to improve the effectiveness of clinical nursing teaching, nursing teachers should be fully aware of effective teaching behaviors for nursing students to master nursing theories and skills.
Autonomous Tool for Monitoring Multi-Morbidity Health Conditions in UAE and India
Authors: Atalla Shadi , Amin Saad Ali , Manoj Kumar M. V. , Sastry Nanda Kumar Bidare , Mansoor Wathiq , Rao Ananth
Published: April 2022

Multi-morbidity is the presence of two or more long-term health conditions, including defined physical or mental health conditions, such as diabetes or schizophrenia. One of the regular and critical health cases is an elderly person with a multi-morbid health condition and special complications who lives alone. These patients are typically not familiar with advanced Information and Communications Technology (ICT), but they are comfortable using smart devices such as wearable watches and mobile phones. The use of ICT improves medical quality, promotes patient security and data security, lowers operational and administrative costs, and gives the people in charge to make informed decisions. Additionally, the use of ICT in healthcare practices greatly reduces human errors, enhances clinical outcomes, ramps up care coordination, boosts practice efficiencies, and helps in collecting data over time. The proposed research concept provides a natural technique to implement preventive health care innovative solutions since several health sensors are embedded in devices that autonomously monitor the patients' health conditions in real-time. This enhances the elder's limited ability to predict and respond to critical health situations. Autonomous monitoring can alert doctors and patients themselves of unexpected health conditions. Real-time monitoring, modeling, and predicting health conditions can trigger swift responses by doctors and health officials in case of emergencies. This study will use data science to stimulate discoveries and breakthroughs in the United Arab Emirates (UAE) and India, which will then be reproduced in other world areas to create major gains in health for people, communities, and populations.
Promising Practices in the Frontiers of Quality Outcome Measurement for Intellectual and Developmental Disability Services
Authors: Bogenschutz Matthew , Dinora Parthenia , Lineberry Sarah , Prohn Seb , Broda Michael , West Angela
Published: April 2022

Medicaid Home and Community-Based Services (HCBS) for people with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD) are vital for supporting people with IDD to live well in their communities, but there are not set standards for monitoring quality outcomes related to HCBS. In this paper, we propose promising practices for improving the quality of HCBS outcome measurement, based both in the literature and our own experience conducting an extensive U.S. state-level study. Specifically, we discuss: (1) using merged administrative datasets, (2) developing high-quality psychometrics that attend to ecological issues in measurement, (3) using advanced statistical analyses, and (4) creating immersive, user-friendly translational dissemination products. We conclude by suggesting what we see as important new frontiers for researchers to consider in order to enhance the quality of HCBS outcome measurement for people with IDD in the future.
Identifying Core Functions of an Evidence-Based Intervention to Improve Cancer Care Quality in Rural Hospitals
Authors: Wahlen Madison M. , Schroeder Mary C. , Johnson Erin C. , Lizarraga Ingrid M. , Engelbart Jacklyn M. , Tatman David J. , Wagi Cheyenne , Charlton Mary E. , Birken Sarah A.
Published: April 2022

Background

Rural patients experience worse cancer survival outcomes than urban patients despite similar incidence rates, due in part to significant barriers to accessing quality cancer care. Community hospitals in non-metropolitan/rural areas play a crucial role in providing care to patients who desire and are able to receive care locally. However, rural community hospitals typically face challenges to providing comprehensive care due to lack of resources. The University of Kentucky's Markey Cancer Center Affiliate Network (MCCAN) is an effective complex, multi-level intervention, improving cancer care in rural/under-resourced hospitals by supporting them in achieving American College of Surgeons Commission on Cancer (CoC) standards. With the long-term goal of adapting MCCAN for other rural contexts, we aimed to identify MCCAN's core functions (i.e., the components key to the intervention's effectiveness/implementation) using theory-driven qualitative data research methods.

Methods

We conducted eight semi-structured virtual interviews with administrators, coordinators, clinicians, and certified tumor registrars from five MCCAN affiliate hospitals that were not CoC-accredited prior to joining MCCAN. Study team members coded interview transcripts and identified themes related to how MCCAN engaged affiliate sites in improving care quality (intervention functions) and implementing CoC standards (implementation functions) and analyzed themes to identify core functions. We then mapped core functions onto existing theories of change and presented the functions to MCCAN leadership to confirm validity and completeness of the functions.

Results

Intervention core functions included: providing expertise and templates for achieving accreditation, establishing a culture of quality-improvement among affiliates, and fostering a shared goal of quality care. Implementation core functions included: fostering a sense of community and partnership, building trust between affiliates and Markey, providing information and resources to increase feasibility and acceptability of meeting CoC standards, and mentoring and empowering administrators and clinicians to champion implementation.

Conclusion

The MCCAN intervention presents a more equitable strategy of extending the resources and expertise of large cancer centers to assist smaller community hospitals in achieving evidence-based standards for cancer care. Using rigorous qualitative methods, we distilled this intervention into its core functions, positioning us (and others) to adapt the MCCAN intervention to address cancer disparities in other rural contexts.
Getting the “Good Stuff” Out of Berry Leaves
Authors: Chong Kar Yeen , Brooks Marianne Su-Ling
Published: April 2022

Have you ever wondered what happens to the leaves on berry plants after we pick and eat the berries? People usually think that berry leaves have little value, but studies have shown that berry leaves contain many things that are good for our health. If these substances can be extracted from the leaves, these natural extracts could be used by many industries to improve their products, for example health supplements and skincare products. In our work, we wanted to extract natural substances from berry leaves using a method that is simple and non-toxic, using just alcohol, salt, and water and it is known as the salting-out method.
Older Migrants and Overcoming Employment Barriers: Does Community Activism Provide the Answer?
Authors: Flynn Matt , Wong Louise
Published: April 2022

As populations age and pension ages rise, there is a growing interest in the ability of workers to extend working life. In response to a call for a more robust dialogue on the heterogeneity of the older workforce, this article explores the interplay between different employment barriers faced by one group facing significant employment barriers: older migrants. Older Chinese migrants in the United Kingdom face multiple barriers to work resulting from age, ethnicity and the intersectionality of such barriers which creates a unique set of barriers to continued work. Community activism can play an important role in supporting older constituents, particularly in matching the skills which they have to offer with the needs within and beyond the migrant community. In this study, we use Participatory Action Research to explore with older Chinese migrants the barriers they face in the job market and how community activism can empower them in maintaining employment. As government seeks to raise real retirement ages, more research is needed on its implications for vulnerable groups of older people including migrants.
3D Mapping of Bone Channel of Blood Supply to Femoral Head in Proximal Femur
Authors: Wu Shenghui , Quan Kun , Wang Wei , Zhang Yingqi , Mei Jiong
Published: April 2022

Background

A detailed depiction of nutrient foramina is useful for defining guidelines and minimising iatrogenic damage during hip surgery. Therefore, this study aimed to define the location and frequency of nutrient foramina in the proximal femur using mapping techniques.

Methods

One hundred dry human cadaveric proximal femurs, comprising 56 left and 44 right femurs, were scanned using a three-dimensional scanner, with scanning distance 200 mm, precision 0.01 mm, and measuring point 0.04 mm. The image resolution of 1,310,000 pixels was obtained. Digital imaging models were acquired from the proximal femur surface. All the nutrient foramina in each model were identified and marked. The nutrient foramina models were superimposed on one another and oriented to fit a standard template of the femur’s proximal aspect. Three-dimensional mapping in the proximal femur’s nutrient foramina was performed.

Results

The nutrient foramina’s location and dense zones were identified. The dense zones were distributed along the vascular course and gaps between the muscle attachment sites. Eighteen dense zones were identified and found to be location-dependent. They were located in the central part of the fovea capitis femoris, subcapital and basicervical areas of the femoral neck, and muscle attachment gaps of the femoral trochanter.

Conclusions

The terminal branch of the nutrient vessels entering the nutrient foramina is at risk for iatrogenic damage during hip surgeries, especially in cases of close bone exposures. There are 18 dense zones that need to be considered for a safer approach to the proximal femur. To minimise iatrogenic damage to the nutrient vessels entering the nutrient foramina, the dense areas should be avoided when technically possible.
Case Report: Abdominal Cocoon With Jejuno-Ileo-Colonic Fistula
Authors: Jiao Jian , Shan Keshu , Xiao Kun , Liu Zhenjun , Zhang Ronghua , Dong Kangdi , Liu Jin , Teng Qiong , Shang Liang , Li Leping
Published: April 2022

Introduction

Abdominal cocoon is a unique peritoneal disease that is frequently misdiagnosed. The occurrence of the abdominal cocoon with a jejuno-ileo-colonic fistula has not been previously reported.

Case Presentation

We admitted a 41-year-old female patient with an abdominal cocoon and a jejuno-ileo-colonic fistula. She was admitted to our hospital for the following reasons: “the menstrual cycle is prolonged for half a year, and fatigue, palpitations, and shortness of breath for 2 months”. On the morning of the 4th day of admission, the patient experienced sudden, severe, and intolerable abdominal pain after defecating. An emergency abdominal CT examination revealed intestinal obstruction. Surgery was performed, and the small intestine and colon were observed to be conglutinated and twisted into a mass surrounded by a fibrous membrane, and an enteroenteric fistula was observed between the jejunum, ileum, and sigmoid colon. We successfully relieved the intestinal obstruction and performed adhesiolysis. The patient was discharged from our hospital on the 6th postoperative day, then she recovered and was discharged from Feicheng People's Hospital after another 11 days of conservative treatment, and she recovered well-during the 2-month follow-up period.

Conclusion

Abdominal cocoon coexisting with a jejuno-ileo-colonic fistula is very rare. During the process of abdominal cocoon treatment, the patient's medical history should be understood in detail before the operation, and the abdominal organs should be carefully evaluated during the operation to avoid missed diagnoses.
Learning Curve and Initial Outcomes of Full-Endoscopic Posterior Lumbar Interbody Fusion
Authors: Tan Renchun , Lv Xin , Wu Pengfei , Li Yawei , Dai Yuliang , Jiang Bin , Ren Bolin , Lv Guohua , Wang Bing
Published: April 2022

Study Design

This was a retrospective cohort study.

Objective

We evaluated the feasibility, safety, and accuracy of full-endoscopic posterior lumbar interbody fusion (FE-PLIF) by assessing the learning curve and initial clinical outcomes.

Summary of Background Data

Low back pain is one of the crucial medical conditions worldwide. FE-PLIF has been reported to be a minimally invasive method to treat mechanical low back pain, but there lacks a thorough evaluation on this new technique.

Methods

The patients were divided into three groups in the order of operating date, implying that Group A consisted of the initial 12 cases, Group B the subsequent 12 cases, and Group C the last 12 cases. The data of patients were reviewed for gender, age, preoperative symptoms, satisfaction, as well as clinical outcomes demonstrated by visual analog scale (VAS). The operative time and intraoperative fluoroscopy were recorded to demonstrate the learning curve and the extent of radiographic exposure. Statistical significance was set at a p < 0.05 (two-sided).

Results

The patients enrolled in this study were followed up at an average of 1.41 ± 0.24 years. Overall, patients were satisfied with the surgery. The average number of intraoperative fluoroscopy was 6.97 ± 0.74. A significant improvement was observed in the VAS of both lumbar pain and leg pain. The overall fusion rate was 77.7%. Complications were reported in two patients in Group A, one in Group B, and none in Group C. The average operative time showed a trend of gradual decline. The learning curve was characterized using a cubic regression analysis as y = –27.07x + 1.42x2–0.24x3 + 521.84 (R2 = 0.617, p = 0.000).

Conclusions

FE-PLIF is an effective and safe method for treating low back pain caused by short-segmental degenerative diseases. The learning curve of this technique is steep at the initial stage but acceptable and shows great potential for improvement.
The Impact of Patient Deaths on General Surgeons’ Psychosocial Well-Being and Surgical Practices
Authors: Akyol Cihangir , Celik Suleyman Utku , Koc Mehmet Ali , Bayindir Duygu Sezen , Gocer Mehmet Ali , Karakurt Buket , Kaya Mustafa , Kekec Sena Nur , Simsek Furkan Aydin
Published: April 2022

Background

Patient deaths are an unavoidable occurrence in surgical practice. Although these events have negative effects on patients and their families, they can also have a profound adverse impact on surgeons who are unprepared for these deep emotional experiences. This study aims to investigate the impact of patient deaths on general surgeons’ psychosocial well-being and surgical practices.

Methods

A national cross-sectional survey of a 30-item questionnaire was conducted. The survey evaluated the surgeons’ demographics, professional and practice characteristics, and the impact of patient deaths on their emotional well-being, professional career, and social life.

Results

Four hundred eighty participants completed the survey. One-third of the participants reported that patient deaths affected their emotional well-being, 23.3% reported that patient deaths affected their social life, and 34.2% reported that patient deaths affected their professional career. Surgeons who reported suffering from the emotional impact of death exhibited no differences in terms of place of practice, academic title, surgical experience, work hours, or annual surgical volume. Middle-aged surgeons (p = 0.004), females (p = 0.041), and surgeons who reported feeling burned out (p < 0.001) were more likely to be affected by patient loss. Feelings of sadness, worry, and stress were most reported. A total of 18.1% of the participants indicated that they considered taking a break after patient death, and 11.9% thought they would abandon their surgical career.

Conclusions

The findings of this study suggest that patient death affects surgeons’ psychosocial well-being and surgical practices. Greater awareness and effort are required at the personal, institutional, and organizational level to provide effective support, helping surgeons to cope with the emotional burden of patient deaths.