bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analysis of the Analytical Balance Sheet of Central Bank of Republic of Turkey During 2000 - 2009 Period in Terms of Crises
Authors: Özkök Yıldız
Published: September 2014

Today, Central Banks' primary target is to maintain the price stability. In that context, through their monetary policy, they intervene in the money market with different tools. The Analytical Balance Sheet was created upon summing up and offsetting Balance Sheet of the Central Bank of Republic of Turkey (CBRT) in order to represent specific monetary aggregates. By means of that, CBRT aims to make the balance sheet more understandable and simple. In this chapter, firstly the sub items of the Analytical Balance Sheet are explained; secondly, the economic crises of Turkey during 2000-2009 is mentioned; finally, effects of these crises on the CBRT's Analytical Balance Sheet, changes in monetary aggregates which are Currency Issued, Reserve Money, Monetary Base, and Central Bank's Money, and in this context structure of the monetary policy of the CBRT in this period is analyzed.
Innovation in Business Models of Banks in Europe
Authors: Liakeas Konstantinos , Constantelou Anastasia
Published: September 2014

Since the end of the 1990s, the introduction of Internet technology to the mainstream technologies used in businesses led to the expectation of pure Internet enterprises that might eliminate physical presence to one or more points in the value chain. A sequence of failures managed to resize those expectations and led most firms to just expose routine back end systems transactions through the Internet without a clear focus on relationship building or an integrated cross-channel sales approach. Despite the structural changes to the business level strategy that the Internet may have brought to firms in many industries, business practices in banking have not really evolved. This is because banks perceived Internet-based innovation as an investment opportunity that could raise spatial and temporal constraints much like ATMs had done in the past, without actually changing the value proposition of the business model or the strategic options of financial institutions. This chapter argues that the degree to which financial institutions have actually infused innovation into their traditional business model has been negligible and aims to set out a scene for the study of the evolution of strategy and business models of banks in the Internet era.
An Optimization Algorithm Based on Brainstorming Process
Authors: Shi Yuhui
Published: September 2014

In this chapter, the human brainstorming process is modeled, based on which two versions of a Brain Storm Optimization (BSO) algorithm are introduced. Simulation results show that both BSO algorithms perform reasonably well on ten benchmark functions, which validates the effectiveness and usefulness of the proposed BSO algorithms. Simulation results also show that one of the BSO algorithms, BSO-II, performs better than the other BSO algorithm, BSO-I, in general. Furthermore, average inter-cluster distance Dc and inter-cluster diversity De are defined, which can be used to measure and monitor the distribution of cluster centroids and information entropy of the population over iterations. Simulation results illustrate that further improvement could be achieved by taking advantage of information revealed by Dc, which points at one direction for future research on BSO algorithms.
Selection of Pumping Equipment for Oil Pipeline Transport
Authors: Tverdokhleb Igor , Biryukov Alexander , Vizenkov Grigory
Published: September 2014

The article discusses factors influencing selection of pumping equipment for oil transport. Also it highlights issues relating improvement of efficiency of the main oil line pump operating at off-design modes.
Creating a Standard Size Range as One of the Factors Reducing Production Time of Modern Pumping Equipment
Authors: Tverdokhleb Igor , Semenov Aleksii , Ivanyushin Arkady , Niemtsev Oleksandr , Rudenko Andry
Published: September 2014

Article describes the method of creating standard size range of Pumping Equipment
A Review on Active Bearings and Perspectives of Using Them in Rotating Machinery
Authors: Shutin Denis , Savin Leonid , Babin Alexander
Published: September 2014

The paper examines the issues of improving the rotor units by means of using support units with actively changeable characteristics. An overview of the known solutions related to the use of active bearings in various types of turbomachinery is provided. A closer look is given at the design and features of active radial bearings, the main elements of which are fluid film bearings. The results of mathematical modeling of active hybrid bearings are presented. The prospects of the use of this type of supports to improve the dynamic characteristics of rotating machinery, including reducing vibrations caused by various factors, are analyzed. Promising directions of development of active bearings are considered, which primarily involves the modification of system components and rotor motion control system algorithms, including intelligent technologies and artificial intelligence methods.
Solutions for Increasing the Bearing Capacity of Thrust Bearings
Authors: Martsynkovskyy Vasyl , Yurko Volodymyr
Published: September 2014

Design faults, imperfect manufacturing processes, change of technological operating modes of the turbocompressors in gas, petroleum, chemical and petrochemical industry cause axial rotor shifts. Therefore, the task of manufacturing the high-efficient and reliable thrust bearings is important nowadays along with effective rotor balancing, methods of axial forces calculation considering possible operating modes, improvement of static electricity elimination system, protective and monitoring systems of the axial shift.
Effective methods for increasing the bearing capacity of thrust bearings, applied by TRIZ Ltd, have been studied in the report. The accepted and realized on the operating equipment solutions have enabled to increase the bearing capacity of thrust bearings significantly and to reduce oil consumption ratio, keeping down location dimensions to the equipment.
Indirect Method of Leakage Flow Rate Measurement in Compressed Air Pipelines
Authors: Dindorf Ryszard , Wos Piotr
Published: September 2014

The paper deals with new indirect methods of leakage flow rate measurement in compressed air pipelines. In this method the measurement equipment has branch connection to the pipeline. The measurement method consists in determining the relation between air leakage flow rate in pipeline and the controlled air flow rate through adjustable throttle valve. Compressed air leakage flow rate in pipeline is calculated on the basis of pressure ratio measurements in two time intervals - during leakage without the controlled flow and with the controlled flow in branch line. The controlled air flow through the throttle valve is directly measured by flow meter.
Oil Lip Seal and Shaft as a Specific Friction Couple
Authors: Gawlinski Marek , Romanik Grzegorz
Published: September 2014

The oil lip seal operation is affected by the kinematics of the relative motion of the lip surface with respect to the shaft during both assembly and operation. Moreover, the variable position of the contact area along the sealing edge determines the contact pressure distribution and hence the wear rate of the lip.
Laser Texturing of Sliding Surfaces of Bearings and Pump Seals
Authors: Antoszewski Bogdan , Tarelnyk Viacheslav
Published: September 2014

Surface texturing is more and more frequently used in modern machines to attain such aims as lubrication enhancement, heat flow intensification and micro-flow stimulation. The development of technologies using concentrated energy flux, e.g. laser technology, has contributed to it. Pumps contain a lot of elements where textured surfaces can be used. The article concentrates on the selection of operating parameters of a picoseconds laser used to produce texturing in elements made of steel, bronze and silicon carbide.
Analysis of the Radial-Axial Oscillations of the Rotor of a High-Speed Pump
Authors: Martsynkovskyy Volodymyr , Zhulov Oleksii , Kundera Czeslaw
Published: September 2014

The joint radial-axial oscilations of onemass model of rotor of high-speed pump are considered taking into account hydrodynamic forces, arising up in the radial clearance of annular seals. Connection of axial oscilations with radial is conditioned by dependence of conductivity of annular throttle, consequently, and axial force of balancing device, from the excentricity of shaft in the annular collar. amplitude and phase frequency characteristics of the forced oscilations, excited by harmonically changing pressure and static unbalance.
Influence of Changing the End Floating Seal Dynamic Characteristics on the Centrifugal Compressor Vibration State
Authors: Yurko Volodymyr , Martsynkovskyy Vasyl
Published: September 2014

There were considered the technical decisions aimed to modernization of the end floating seals for the centrifugal compressor that increased the limit of the rotor system dynamic stability and reduced the vibration levels.
Upgrading of Pump and Compressor Rotor Shafts Using Combined Technology of Electroerosive Alloying
Authors: Tarelnyk Viacheslav , Martsynkovskyy Vasyl
Published: September 2014

The upgrading technology of rotor shaft necks in the process of their manufacture and repair was developed on the basis of the stressed-deformed state analysis, structure and properties of the surface layer, subjected to electroerosive alloying with the further surface plastic deformation.
Jet-Reactive Turbine: Experimental Researches and Calculations by Means of Softwares
Authors: Vanyeyev Sergej , Getalo Viktor
Published: September 2014

This article concerns a global world problem of the mankind – energy problem. One of the possible ways of solution is utilization of compressed gases energy using installations based on a jet-reactive turbine in different branches of industry. This work is dedicated to software application when processing calculation procedure on different turbine operation modes and comparison with the results of the experimental researches.
Hydraulic Methods for Calculation of System of Rear Ventilated Facades
Authors: Vatin Nikolai , Petrichenko Mikhail , Nemova Darya
Published: September 2014

In this article the capacity of systems of rear ventilated facades is defined. In work theoretical dependences of the main characteristics of the flow, helping to pick up an optimum design in thermogravitational convection conditions are offered.
Reconstruction of Khrushev’s Buildings of Series 1-528
Authors: Vasiutina Sofia , Vatin Nikolai
Published: September 2014

The article considers the problem of physical deterioration of brick five-storied apartment buildings, when they are already close to the point, when they are not repairable. The aim is the reconstruction, which allows to improve the quality of habitation. Area of house and its illumination increases due to redevelopment. Narrow and elongated shape of spaces becomes more harmonious. Number of windows increases, more light passes through the glazed and unglazed balconies and loggias. This project has social significance for the housing stock of St. Petersburg.
Experimental Research of a Highly Compacted Soil Beds
Authors: Usmanov Rustam , Vatin Nikolay , Murgul Vera
Published: September 2014

The clay loams of semi-solid consistency was tested under static loads. The test results have proved that high values of soil density can change operating conditions of artificial foundations significantly, i.e. a so-called plate effect can be observed. Due to high hardness values highly compacted soil beds allow distributing foundation loads on the considerable part of the area and reducing its value on the edge of the weak layer.
Geometric Nonlinearity of the Thin-Walled Profile under Transverse Bending
Authors: Trubina Darya , Abdulaev Dzhamal , Pichugin Egor , Rybokov Vladimir
Published: September 2014

Local buckling and accounting of the geometric nonlinearity of light steel thin-walled profiles is an important topic. The authors assesses the influence of geometric nonlinearity on the bearing capacity profile in transverse bending conditions.
Experiment on Direct Smelting and Alloying Process between High-Carbon Ferrochrome and Molybdenum Oxide
Authors: Wang Hong Ming , Fan Xiao Jian , Li Gui Rong , Chen Wei Wen , Cao Lei , Li Yang
Published: September 2014

Based on the direct reduction alloying theory, experiments on chromium molybdenum alloy prepared through the direct reduction and alloying reactions between the high-carbon ferrochrome and molybdenum oxide were conducted in a laboratory scale. The critical factors that would impact the reduction rate of molybdenum oxide and the yield rate of molybdenum were analyzed. The results indicate that the reduction rate of molybdenum oxide can exceed 90%, meanwhile, the yield rate of molybdenum is affected by many factors and fluctuates in a wide range. As temperature rising, the reduction rate of molybdenum oxide is increased whereas the yield rate of molybdenum is decreased. With the amount of molybdenum oxide added increasing, the reduction rate of molybdenum oxide and yield rate of molybdenum are decreased simultaneously. Making slag during melting process and molybdenum oxide roasted by addition of lime are effective measures to improve the yield rate of molybdenum.
Effect of Temperature Variation on Clamp Load of Bolted Joints
Authors: Hou Shi Yuan , Liao Ri Dong , Cheng Zheng Kun
Published: September 2014

Considering the elastic-plastic and creep behavior of the material of bolted joint, and the nonlinear variation of its properties with temperature, this paper proposed a one-dimensional mathematical model for predicting clamp load variation with cyclic elevated-temperature. Then, relevant factors which may affect the process are studied, and some measures to enhance the threaded fitting reliability are proposed.
Modal Analysis of High-Order Elliptical Gears
Authors: Liu Yong Ping , Yang Cun
Published: September 2014

Modal is the natural vibration characteristic of mechanical structures, and each modal has its specific natural frequency, damp radio and modal shape. Modal of vibration is the natural and total character of elastic structures. By modal analysis, the structure’s characters of different principal modal within a impressionable frequency range can be understanded, and is an important method in terms of structure’s dynamic design and machinery fault diagnosis. It provides basis for vibrating characteristics analysis, vibrating fault diagnosis of the systems, or forecasting and analyzing the dynamic characteristics of noncircular gear.
Production of Fine-Grained and Weak Texture Structure in an Mg-7Gd-5Y-1Nd-0.5Zr Alloy by Multi-Axial Forging
Authors: Li Ting , Zhang Kui , Du Zhi Wei , Yuan Jia Wei , Li Xing Gang
Published: September 2014

Multi-axial forging was employed to produce simultaneously ultrafine grain size and weak texture in an Mg-7Gd-5Y-1Nd-0.5Zr alloy. The results indicate that the structure of fine grain size and weak texture could be achieved after two cycles of multi-axial forging, which leads to a substantial mechanical properties improvement. The grain refinement mechanism and texture evolution of Mg-7Gd-5Y-1Nd-0.5Zr alloy during multi-axial forging have been investigated.
Study on Hydrogen Content of Solid Industrial Pure Aluminum
Authors: Huang Bei , Zeng Jian Min , Liang Li Hua , Gan Wu Kui , Lu Jin Bo
Published: September 2014

The hydrogen contents of molten aluminum solidifying in various molds were tested by the use of the G4 Phoenix DH and the samples of microstructure were analyzed under the optical microscope (OM). The results show that the hydrogen contents of solid aluminum decreases with the decreasing cooling rate. However, when molten aluminum solidifies in the adiabatic mold, the hydrogen content has a slight increase because of long time of exposure to the air. In addition, the microstructure of casting pure aluminum is refined with increasing cooling rate.
The Distribution Design and Dynamic Simulation Analysis of the Flow of the Transmission’s Cooling and Lubrication System
Authors: Du Jing Ke , Wang Shu Han , Song Ting Bin , Kang Teng Teng
Published: September 2014

The bearing lubrication system flow distribution design of the transmission was realized with a new system modeling method, targeted at the problem of a certain type of transmission’s bearings’ sintering. The heat-generated model and the flow-required model of the bearings and the gears were set up, and the required lubrication flow was obtained. The simulation model of the system flow distribution was established, the simulation analysis toward the dynamic characteristic of the transmission’s lubrication flow’s distribution was performed, and the results of the simulation analysis and the test were analyzed comparatively. The result showed that the simulation model matched the test result well, proving the effectiveness and correctness of the model of the transmission’s flow distribution.
Research on Fatigue Notch Factor of Aluminum Corrosion Pits
Authors: Zhang Dan Feng , Tan Xiao Ming , Qi Jia Rui , Li Yan Li
Published: September 2014

In the midst of highly corrosive marine environment the corrosion damage is very critical in the aircraft structure. Corrosion will reduce the fatigue strength and fatigue life of aircraft structure. The fatigue notch factor is a very important factor, and which directly affects the accuracy of the fatigue life estimation result. The LY12CZ aluminum alloy of aircraft structure was accelerated tested according to equivalent accelerated corrosion testing spectrum based on key environment data, then made a fatigue test. According to the fatigue test data fatigue notch factor was calculated and then the variation law of fatigue notch factor with the corrosion life was studied.
Control Model of Steel Ladle Base on Overlap Time among the Different Casts
Authors: Huang Bang Fu , Zhou Xiao Lei , Zhang Gui Fang , Shi Zhe
Published: September 2014

Steel ladle is the indispensable vessel of transporting and refining molten steel. In order to realize efficient control of steel ladle and optimize the production organization of steelworks, the operational control model of steel ladles should be proposed. Based on steel ladles of Z steelwork as the research object, operation mode and turnover cycle of steel ladle were analyzed. Through drawing out steel ladle Gantt chart of single continuous caster and analyzing operation characteristics of steel ladle, calculation model of turnover number and rotation ratio of single continuous caster was put forward. Through drawing out steel ladle turnover Gantt chart of 3 continuous casters and analyzing mixed use characteristics of cast overlap time greater than, less than, and in between steel ladle turnover cycle of 3 continuous casters, the operational control model of steel ladles was put forward. Researches show that the model can effectively reduce amount of steel ladle turnover number and raise steel ladle rotation ratio when casting heat number of CC is less than steel ladle turnover number during the overlap time.
Development of Enameling Steel Sheet Used for Heat-Exchanger
Authors: Song Yi Feng , Tu Yuan Qiang , Yang Hong Wu , Du Rong , Bai Hui Ping , Lei Ze Hong
Published: September 2014

The chemical composition and production process of a new kind of enameling steel sheet used for heat-exchanger were introduced. The microstructure, mechanical property and hydrogen permeation resistance of the steel sheet were studied. The enameling adherence and pin-hole ratio of the enameled steel sheet were measured. The results show that the microstructure is ferrite with the grain size of grade 11 and quantities of linear MnS inclusions, grainy manganese-niobium composite oxides and small NbC precipitates are formed in the steel. The average value of hydrogen permeation resistance of the steel is 33 min·mm-2, the enameling adherence is evaluated as level A1and the number of the pin-hole defects in the enameled steel is less than 10 per square meter. Both mechanical property and enameling quality of the steel sheet meet the technical demand of heat-exchanger.
Effects of Different Microalloying and Controlled Cooling Technology on Microstructure and Properties of 500MPa High-Strength Rebars
Authors: Chen Wei , Cao Jian Chun , Shi Zhe , Yang Yin Hui , Zhao Yu
Published: September 2014

The mechanical properties and microstructures of three different VN, Nb, V-Nb microalloyed rebars were investigated by using tensile testing machine, impact machine, metallographic microscopy, scaning electron microcopy, transmission electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction apparatus. The results showed that the microstructure of V-Nb microalloyed specimen is consisted of ferrite, pearlite and a small amount of fine bainite (6.7wt%), and obvious effect of grain refinement was obtained with more than 10 size grade of ferrite grain, showing optimal comprehensive properties. SEM micrograph of tensile fracture surface for V-Nb microalloyed 500MPa high-strength rebar is dimple and ductile, ductile-brittle transformation temperature is lower than-30°C, which has good plasticity-toughness and impact toughness at low temperature. The results of precipitates have shown that a large number of small and dispersive V(CN) and Nb (CN) precipitates with size of 5~30nm are formed, good effect of precipitation strengthening was achieved in 500MPa high-strength rebars produced by different microalloying and controlled cooling technology.
The Residual Life Prediction of High Temperature Low Cycle Fatigue of 30CrMnSiA Steel
Authors: Gao Guo Dong , Zhang Wen Xiao , Zheng Wang
Published: September 2014

The analysis of the residual life of high temperature low cycle fatigue of 30CrMnSiA steel plays important roles in improving security and avoiding accidents. In this paper, the RBF neural network method is used to predict the residual life of high temperature low cycle fatigue of 30CrMnSiA steel base on data from the thermo-mechanical fatigue test. The feasibility of the method is proved by a practice example, and the learning results are in good agreement with the experimental data.
Microstructure Evolution of Environmental Graphitized Hypoeutectoid Free Cutting Steel
Authors: Yin Yun Yang , Fang Fang , Luo Guo Hua , Yan Xiang
Published: September 2014

Development of low-sulfur and Pb-free free cutting steel is significant because the use of S or Pb free-cutting steel can result in serious pollution. The hypoeutectoid graphitized free cutting steel was proposed. The graphitizaion is difficult due to slow graphitization process, so it is curcial to accelerate the graphitization process. The results show that, through appropriate composition design and technology, the C atom can quickly transform to grahite within 4 hours. The microstructure of the graphitized free cutting steel consists of ferrite, graphite and carbide. Moreover, the grain size of grapite is fine and the distribution is uniform, and the carbide mainly locate the ferrtie grain boundary or in the ferrite. In addition, the nuleation of graphite not only can take place on the second-pahse particles, but also spontaneous nuleation and growth.Key words: free cutting steel, hypoeutectoed steel, graphite, carbide, nucleation
Research on Vibration Characteristic of Metal Rubber by Wire Mesh
Authors: Cheng He Zhang , Hu Shao Yi , Zou Guang Ping
Published: September 2014

The paper mainly concerns about how relative density and pre-compression quantity of metal rubber shock absorber (MRSA) affect acceleration transmissibility, natural frequency and other parameters of MRSA. In order to study the influence law, sine wave sweep experiment was conducted on different MRSA, and the final data was processed. The influence law could provide reference for practical application of MRSA.
The Study on Growth Interface of Floating Zone Silicon Crystal
Authors: Wang Yan Jun , Qiao Liu , Zhang Xue Nan , Wu Li Li , Gao Shu Liang , Shen Hao Ping
Published: September 2014

The shape and stability of growth interface have significant influence on the floating zone (for short FZ) silicon crystal. During the growth of crystal cone, growth interface reversal will happen due to the change of cooling mechanism, which makes crystal growth unstable. This impact will be more obvious for crystal with large diameter. During the growth of crystal body, with the crystal diameter increasing, the growth interface curvature and thermal stress both increase, which is easy to result in dislocation and even crack of the crystal. So this experiment mainly studied how to solve the instability problem due to interface inversion and how to reduce interface curvature. In the experiment we compared the growth interface shape of 6 inches <111> FZ silicon, at different pull speed, and find that during the growth of crystal cone, interface inversion can finish ahead with higher pull speed, and during the growth of crystal body, interface curvature decreased (interface depth≈32 mm) with lower pull speed ( υ=2.5mm/min) and higher rotate speed, to increases the chances for success of crystal growth.
Research Progress on Magnetorheological Fluid
Authors: Li Yan Lan , Shen Xing Quan
Published: September 2014

Magnetorheological fluid is a new type of smart materials taken seriously in recent years, which has good performance of sedimentation stability , high dynamic yield stress, easily dispersed , low zero-field viscosity , fast response time , wide operating temperature range. In the magnetic field, its rheological properties can be made quickly respond easily and reversible control and it has excellent prospects. This paper studies a more comprehensive overview of MRF conduct in the nearest 20 years. The presented content are: MRF research survey, composition, performance and prospects.
Investigation of Impact and After-Impact Properties of Carbon Fiber/Epoxy Composites Modified with Multi-Wall Carbon Nanotubes
Authors: Li Na , Zhang Xing Xiang
Published: September 2014

Multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) modified carbon fibers-reinforced polymer (CFRP) composites was prepared used the MWCNTs/CFs hybrid fibers as reinforcement, MWCNTs modified epoxy resin as matrix material. Subsequently, the MWCNTs modified CFRP were subjected to low-energy impact and directly compared with the unmodified ones to investigate the influence of adding MWCNTs on the impact and after-impact behavior of CFRP composites. In terms of the impact performance, MWCNTs modified CFRP composites was observed for a little higher energy absorb than the reference CFRP. The damage area of MWCNTs modified CFRP less than that of reference CFRP's, which means the addition of MWCNTs plays an important role in preventing crack spread. Moreover, the after-impact properties were improved for both the compression modulus and the compression strength.
Natural Aging Test for CF3011/BA9916-II Composite in Marine Environment
Authors: Liu Xu , Wang Li , Huo Wu Jun , Chen Yue Liang , Lei Yuan Ling
Published: September 2014

Abstract: A form of static coupon following the boat was developed to carry the natural aging test for CF3011/BA9916-II composite in marine environment, and the weather resistance of composite in marine climate was studied. The changes of the morphology of the composite were observed, the changes of the quality ,tensile strength and interlaminar shear strength for specimen were analyzed, and the aging regulation was studied combining with the mechanism of hygrothermal aging for carbon fiber epoxy composite. The test results showed that with the aging time increasing, the moisture absorption of the composite increased, the mechanical strength decreased , and the plastic behavior of the material was showed.
Preparation of MFI Membrane on Mesoporous-Layer-Modified Macroporous Al2O3 Substrate by Secondary Growth Method and its Permeation Property
Authors: Cheng Zhi Lin , Liu Zan , Wang Sheng
Published: September 2014

The compact MFI membrane supported on a mesoporous-layer-modified macroporous Al2O3 substrate has been prepared by the secondary growth method. SEM images indicate that the MFI membranes with the thickness of ca. 15 μm consist of highly intergrown crystals with remarkable integrity. The H2 permeance of MFI membranes on mesoporous/macroporous substrate is 8-18 times larger than that on the macroporous substrate, and further the permselectivity of H2/C3H8 maintains at the level of 20, which is 4 times higher than that of the corresponding Knudsen diffusion. More importantly, the real selectivity of the mixture of H2/C3H8 on these membranes is 2-4 times higher than that of the corresponding Knudsen diffusion. The method is attractive for the practical application.
Analysis Based on Impact Resistance of Motorcycle Clothing Fabric Performance
Authors: Yan Yu Xiu , He Ling , Jin Jing , Tao Jian Wei
Published: September 2014

This paper chooses polyamide/spandex,polyester/spandex as raw material with different textile parameters to weave 8 fabrics, researches fabrics' impact resistance, elasticity, wear resistance and other properties, uses fuzzy comprehensive evaluation to analysis the comprehensive performance of 8 fabrics, confirms a kind of motorcycle clothing fabric with good impact resistance and wear ability finally , which provides a theoretical basis and practical reference for designing protective clothing with impact resistance in the future.
Study on Properties of Ultrasonication Treated Pulp Fiber
Authors: Liu Quan Xiao , Li Dan Xi
Published: September 2014

SEM and Automated Surface Area & Pore Size Analyzer were used to characterize surface morphology and specific surface area and the pore size distribution of fibers. The results showed that specific surface area and pore size distribution increase after ultrasonication. The ash content of the composites of ultrasonic treated fiber is larger than the untreated fiber, and the magnetic properties show a good superparamagnetic behavior.
Study on Wearing Characteristics of Sorona/Cotton Blended Seamless Knitted Fabric
Authors: Jin Zi Min , Li Xin , Yan Yu Xiu , Tao Jian Wei
Published: September 2014

This document mainly studied the effect of Sorona fiber content and fabric structure on the wearingcharacteristicsofSoronacottonblendedseamlessknittedfabric. In the experiment, three different kinds of stitch structures and ratios of Sorona/cotton were designed and nine Sorona/cotton blended seamless knitted fabrics were knitted. And then, breaking elongation, rigid flexible, crease recovery, pilling resistance, hygroscopicity and air permeability of the nine seamless knitted fabrics were tested and analyzed. The result showed that with the increasing of Sorona fiber content, the properties of Breaking elongation, rigid flexible, crease recovery and pilling resistance of the Sorona/cotton blended seamless knitted fabrics had and a certain of improvement, however the hygroscopicity and air permeability decreased.
Emulsification of Water and Pyrolysis Oil by Sorbitol Derivative Surfactants
Authors: Kittipoomwong Prakorn , Narasingha Monpilai
Published: September 2014

Effects of sorbitol derivative surfactants on the stability of pyrolysis oil emulsion prepared from plastic waste were experimentally investigated. The water-pyrolysis oil mixture emulsified by Sorbitan monooleate (Span 80) surfactant is more stable than the water-in-oil emulsions prepared by other Sorbitol derivative surfactants which have lower hydrophilic-lipophilic balance (HLB) numbers. The Span 80 concentration of 1.5% by volume was found to produce the most stable emulsion and the smallest average water droplet. This optimal surfactant concentration is the same as critical micelle concentration.
Microporous Polypropylene Hollow Fiber Membrane Application in Membrane Oxygenator Model
Authors: Ni Lei , Zhang Yu Feng , Zhao Hong Ming
Published: September 2014

In order to test the performance of the resulting membrane oxygenator, a model was constructed to simulate the inner and extracorporeal gas exchange of the human body. The oxygenation capacity of the membrane oxygenator was studied using fresh bovine blood with added anticoagulants as the test medium. The oxygenation performance of the prepared membrane was equal to that of the commercial membrane. After six hours of operation, the oxygen saturation (SaO2) was above 95%, and the partial pressure of oxygen (PaO2) was over 13.5 kPa (100 mmHg). This model was constructed in accordance with the basic principles of extracorporeal circulation, and could be used to investigate the oxygenation performance of a membrane oxygenator, as well as to study the basic principles of extracorporeal circulation.
Electrosprayed PVP/Shellac Composite Medicated Microparticles for Providing Biphasic Drug Release Profile
Authors: Wu Yong Hui , Yu Deng Guang , Su Qian , Cai Cheng Lei , Zhang Ji An , Zhang Jian Tao
Published: September 2014

The present study reports that a sustained release profile could be transferred into a biphasic drug release profile when a hydrophilic polymer was encapsulated into the medicated microparticles. The multiple component composite microparticles were fabricated using a single fluid electrospraying process to treat a co-dissolving solution consisting of a polymer matrix (shellac), an active ingredient (FA), and an additional hydrophilic polymer (poly vinyl pyrrolidone, PVP). FESEM results showed that the microparticles M1 consisting of shellac and FA had an average diameter of 1.27 ± 0.38 μm, whereas the microparticles M2 consisting of shellac, FA and PVP had an average diameter of 1.51 ± 0.34 μm. Both the two types of microparticles were essentially amorphous composites due to the favourable secondary interactions between the components, as demonstrated by ATR-FTIR tests. In vitro dissolution tests demonstrated that the addition of PVP in the microparticles M2 made them give a typical biphasic drug release profile, whereas the double-component microparticles provided a sustained release profile. This study shows a simple way for developing advanced drug delivery systems through tailoring the components of polymer excipients using electrospraying.
A Hybrid Neural Network for Prediction of Surface Residual Stress in MQL Face Turning
Authors: Ji Xia , Shih Alexander H. , Rajora Manik , Shao Ya Min , Liang Steven Y.
Published: September 2014

Surface integrity, such as surface roughness and residual stress, is an aspect of surface quality on machined parts. Residual stress in the machined surface and subsurface is affected by materials, machining conditions, and tool geometry. These residual stresses could affect the service qualify and component life significantly. Residual stress can be determined by empirical or numerical experiments for selected configurations, even if both are expensive procedures. This paper presents a hybrid neural network that is trained using Simulated Annealing (SA) and Levenberg-Marquardt Algorithm (LM) in order to predict the values of residual stresses in cutting and radial direction after the MQL face turning process accurately. To verify the performance of the proposed approach, the predicted results are compared with the results obtained by training an ANN using SA and LM separately. The results have shown that the hybrid neural network outperforms SA and LM in predicting machining induced surface integrity that is critical to determine the fatigue life of the components.
Ductile Fracture Criteria Based on Mesoscopic Void-Damage of Metals under Plastic Forming
Authors: Tang Dao Fu , Yang Lian Fa
Published: September 2014

In the process of plastic forming of metals, ductile fracture is an important factor influencing the improvement of forming limit of metals, while ductile fracture criteria can predict when and where ductile fracture occurs. Some conventional ductile fracture criteria based on mesoscopic void-damage and their application in different plastic forming of metals are introduced in this paper. And the ductile fracture criteria will be summarized into two categories: based on triaxial stress degree and based on maximum tensile stress. Because the triaxial stress degree and maximum tensile stress are a main factor deciding the occurrence of the ductile fracture.
Ductile Regime Grinding Aspheric Surface of Hot-Pressed Zinc Sulfide
Authors: Chen Bing , Guo Bing , Zhao Qing Liang
Published: September 2014

Aspheric lens of Zinc sulfide is widely used in infrared, but it is always formed by polishing with low efficiency, ductile regime grinding aspheric surface of hot-pressed zinc sulfide is studied to reduce time-consuming of polishing. The results of orthogonal grinding experiments demonstrate that the depth of grinding is the main influencing factor on ductile regime removal mechanisms and surface roughness Ra values which decrease with decreasing depth of grinding, and the optimal value is 7.6nm, the steady ductile regime removal mechanisms appears when depth of grinding is below 0.4μm. With diamond wheel by grain size of D20/30, machining parameters on the basis of orthogonal grinding experiments, the aspheric surface cross grinding experiments show that ductile regime removal is obtained only in little center areas of aspheric surface, most of aspheric surface is in brittle regime. Then, the ductile regime aspheric surface with roughness of 20.1nm is observed by cross grinding of diamond wheel with grain size of D4/8.
Vacuum Brazing of Aluminum Metal Matrix Composites (70 Vol.% SiCp/Al) Using Al-15Cu-8.5Si-4Ni-1.5Mg Filler Metal
Authors: Li Juan , Wang Ke Hong
Published: September 2014

This work aims at brazing 70 vol.% SiCp/Al composites using Al-15Cu-8.5Si-4Ni-1.5Mg alloy powder as filler metal. The microstructures and shear strengths of the joints made with 70 vol. % SiCp/Al composites at different brazing temperature and different holding time were examined. It is found that the brazing temperature has an apparent effect on the quality of the joints. The sample brazed at 580 °C, with the holding time of 90 min demonstrates the best metallurgical bonding. The joint mainly contains α-phase, flake-like eutectic silicon, small amounts of primary silicon and bright white θ (Al2Cu) phase. The maximum shear strength of the brazed joint is 49.7MPa, and the fracture surface shows the characteristic of brittle fracture.
Research on the Corrosion Resistance of Ni-ZrO2 Nanocomposite Coatings
Authors: Wang Lin , Lu Jin Lin , Li Cheng Wei , Kang Shu Mei
Published: September 2014

In order to improve the corrosion resistance of Ni-nanoZrO2composite coatings. By orthogonal test method,the process for composite electroplating of Ni-ZrO2was optimized involved current density、bath temperature、the ZrO2particle concentration. Corrosion resistance and the hardness were tested, microstructure was observed with a scanning electron microscope. The optimized technological conditions are:current density i4A/dm2,bath temperature 45°C, nanoZrO2addition 7g/L. In this optimum process condition, corrosion current density is 6.186×10-6A/cm2, corrosion resistance is good, and its hardness is much better than pure nickel plating, also a flat morphology and compact microstructure Ni-ZrO2nanocomposite coating is get.
Sensor Performance Analysis by Equal Strength Beam Test for Crane SHM
Authors: Huang Guo Jian , He Zhen Ya , Chen Min , Wang Xin Hua
Published: September 2014

The purpose of this article is to select the most appropriate sensor for the crane structural health monitoring. We used three kinds of sensors to do an equal strength beam test: The original sensor R2 and R4 which have been calibrated, American MOI FBG sensor and wireless strain sensor. After derived the formula of maximum normal strain, we have done equal strength beam test for 3 times. Then calculated their average and contrasted their linearity to see the accuracy of MOI FBG os3110 and wireless sensor. Compared with the experimental value theoretical value, the wireless sensor has the highest accuracy, it is even more accuracy than the original sensor R2 and R4 which have been calibrated; Departure from linearity aspect, the wireless sensor, the original sensor R2 and R4,all of them have small relative error rate, it is less than 10%, but MOI FBG os3110 has very large relative error rate; In order to compare the overall performance of the sensor, we can also compare the sensors from the sensitivity aspect, zero drift, detection range, and so on.
Effect of KI on the Corrosion Resistance of Ni-P Electroless Plating Coating
Authors: Liang Ping , Zhang Yun Xia , Shi Yan Hua
Published: September 2014

To improve the corrosion resistance of Ni-P electroless coating, the KI was added in the electroless solution. The surface micrograph was observed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and the corrosion resistance of Ni-P coatings in 3.5%NaCl solution was examined by polarization curves and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The experimental results showed that KI reduced the amount of defects and the size of crystal grain of Ni-P coating, and the surface of Ni-P coating became more homogenous, smoother and compact by KI. In addition, the phosphorus content of Ni-P coating was increased by KI. These factors increased the ability to corrosion protection of Ni-P coating.
Elastic-Plastic Numerical Simulation of Cold Rotary Forging for Hypoid Gear and the Springback Error
Authors: Dang Yu Gong , Deng Xiao Zhong , Wang Bin
Published: September 2014

To achieve the effect of anti-fatigue manufacturing for hypoid gear, the author put forward a new type cold rotary forging technology, the method simplifies the die structure and adopts the local line contact continuous plastic forming. Based on the basic theory of elastic-plastic finite element method (FEM),the author uses ABAQUS to carry out numerical simulation of cold rotary forging and discuss how to build finite element geometric model and grid it in detail, and analyse the definition of workpiece material model in ABAQUS and the merger technology of Abaqus / Explicit and Abaqus / Standard. In order to measure springback error accurately, the alveolar surface shap after springback was got through the technology of surface reconstruction, it was put into Geomagic Qualify software and compare with target CAD model,then the springback error can befully assessed through comparing results.The examles proof that ABAQUS can simulate the deformation and springback process accurately, springback error of cold rotary forging can not be ignored,so springback error must be compensated.
Experimental Investigation on Precision Cutting Ti6Al4V Alloy Using Single Crystal Diamond Tools
Authors: Hu Lin Hua , Zhou Ming
Published: September 2014

In this work, cutting experiments were carried out on titanium alloy Ti6Al4V by using single crystal diamond tools to investigate the effects of cutting parameters on machined surface roughness. Experimental results show machined surface roughness decreases with increases in the cutting speed within a limited range, begins to increase as the factors reaches to certain values respectively, and decreases with increases in feed rate. Cutting depth has no significant influence on the machined surface roughness. The results also show that dominant mechanisms of the single crystal diamond tools are abrasive wear and adhesion wear.
Exploring Liquid Impact Forming Technology of the Thin-Walled Tubes
Authors: Huang Cheng Ming , Liu Jian Wei , Zhong Yin Zhong , Wu Min Jian , Wang Kai Ming , Zhou Rong Qin
Published: September 2014

In order to realize the objective of lightweight manufacturing, the forming methods of thin-walled tubes are studied in this paper. Liquid impact forming, a compound forming technique of thin-walled tube using stamping and hydroforming processes, is presented in order to reduce the forming difficulty and increase the forming efficiency. A simple experimental tooling, including stamping device and tube hydroforming apparatus is developed. Forming experiments of stamping and liquid impact forming processes in rectangular cross-section dies are performed for 304 stainless steel tubes. The results of experiments show that the liquid impact forming technology is feasible, and it will be widely applied in the future.
Study on Clinching of Titanium Alloy
Authors: Zhao Lun , He Xiao Cong , Lu Yi
Published: September 2014

Adopting experimental method to examine clinching is able to apply to the joining of similar titanium alloy in this study. Also, to use tensile-shear test to figure out mechanical properties of clinched joints to TA1-TA1 clinched joints and Al5052-Al5052 clinched joints. The results show that average load of Al5052-Al5052 clinched joints is largely lower than average load of TA1-TA1 clinched joints. Average load of TA1-TA1 is around 4427.58, equal to 3.55 times to Al5052-Al5052.The two types of fractured joints are all neck shear fracture of the upper sheets. Therefore, the strength of joints is dependant to the strength of the material. And average displacement of TA1-TA1 clinched joints is higher than that of Al5052-Al5052 clinched joints.
Influence of Reflective Insulation Coating on Heat Transfer Characteristics of Composite Thermal Insulation Wall
Authors: Guan Tu Hua , Wu Cheng Qun , Liu Hong Mei , Shen Yang , Xu Yuan Bin
Published: September 2014

In the downstream of Yangtze River where there is abundant silt resources, perforated brick which fired by sludge, supplemented by reflective insulation coating to replace the widely used polystyrene insulation materials. It can achieve requirement of A-class fire prevention for heat preservation wall. The heat insulation performance of not painted thermal wall and composite thermal insulation wall painted by reflective insulation coating were compared. Data results show that heat insulation performance of the wall painted is much better than that of the not painted wall.
Influence of Sulfoaluminate Cement on the Performances of Self-Leveling Mortar
Authors: Wang Gui Ming , Hu Chang Long
Published: September 2014

In this paper, sulphoaluminate cement was used to design a high early age strength self-leveling mortar. The properties of self-leveling mortar was investigated in different mixing proportion of sulphoaluminate cement, including fluidity, flexural strength and compressive strength. In addition, XRD was used to analyses the hydration products of compound gel system. The results show that sulphoaluminate cement can adjust the workability of self-leveling mortar and limit the rate of bleeding. Meanwhile, sulphoaluminate cement can raise the flexural and compressive strength. However, the mixing proportion should be held within the scope of 25%. The XRD results indicate that the formation of ettringite mainly improves the early age strength of self-leveling mortar.
Moisture Content's Influence to Pile Bearing Capacity and Finite Element Analysis
Authors: Zhang Li Hua , Yu Li , Quan Zhe Jun
Published: September 2014

This essay analyzes stress between pile and soil, occupying moisture content data of unsaturated soil in Nanchang with ANSYS. In accordance with engineering practice, it adopts three-dimensional solid model, the same geometric size with engineering practice. It simulates interrelation between pile and soil with contact unit, and shows ontology relation of soil with D-P elastic-plastic model. Convergence has been made with selection and calculation of parameter. The greater the moisture content gets, the smaller the pile body vertical displacement makes. In other words, the smaller the relative displacement between pile and soil gets, the lower the lateral extrusion stress from pile to soil becomes. Keywords: unsaturated soil; shear strength; pile bearing capacity; finite element analysis; moisture content
Reinforced Soil Beds on Weak Soils
Authors: Usmanov Rustam , Mrdak Ivan , Vatin Nikolay , Murgul Vera
Published: September 2014

Changing a layer of weak soil in deformed foundation with a compacted soil bed consisted of various strong materials (sand, gravel, pebble-gravel, production waste materials). Existing calculation methods and techniques to build compacted soil beds based on weak highly compressive soils do not meet up-to-date requirements. Calculation methods used the dimensions of compacted beds quite often appear to be overestimated, and this results in increase in costs and working hours needed to build artificial foundation. The paper presents the possibility of using reinforced soil beds as an efficient method to build artificial foundation based on weak soils.