bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Approximation on Durrmeyer modification of generalized Szász–Mirakjan operators
Authors: Yadav Rishikesh , Narayan Mishra Vishnu , Meher Ramakanta
Published: March 2024

This paper deals with the approximations of the functions by generalized Durrmeyer operators of Szász–Mirakjan, which are linear positive operators. Several approximation results are presented well, and we estimate the approximation properties along with the order of approximation and the convergence theorem of the proposed operators. For an explicit explanation of the operators, we determine the properties using the weight function. A quantitative approach is discussed for the operators; quantitative Voronovskaya type and Grüss type theorems are established, showing the operators' more efficient work. We investigate the
‐statistical convergence properties for the said operators, including the rate of approximation in a statistical sense. An important property for the rate of convergence of the operators is obtained in terms of the function with a derivative of the bounded variation. At last, the graphical representations and numerical analysis are discussed and shown to support our theoretical findings.
Lutein and the Underlying Neuroprotective Promise against Neurodegenerative Diseases
Authors: Iyer Saisree , Bhat Ishani , Bangera Sheshappa Mamatha
Published: March 2024

Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's diseases (PD) are the two most common progressive neurodegenerative diseases with limited knowledge on their cause and, presently, have no cure. There is an existence of multiple treatment methods that target only the symptoms temporarily and do not stop the progression or prevent the onset of disease. Neurodegeneration is primarily attributed to the natural process of aging and the deleterious effects of heightened oxidative stress within the brain, whether via direct or indirect mechanisms. Emerging evidence suggests that certain nutritional aspects play a crucial role in the prevention and management of neurodegenerative diseases. Lutein, a dietary carotenoid, has been studied for its antioxidant properties for more than a decade with several applications against age‐related macular degeneration. It is high antioxidant potential and selective accumulation in the brain makes it a versatile compound for combatting various neurodegenerative diseases. In this review, the studies exhibiting neuroprotective properties of lutein against neurodegenerative conditions, more specifically AD and PD in various model systems as well as clinical observations have been reviewed. Accordingly, the concerns associated with lutein absorption and potential strategies to improve its bioavailability have been discussed.
Thermal chemistry and decomposition behaviors of energetic materials with trimerizing furoxan skeleton
Authors: Zhou Jing , Huang Meng , Zhang Junlin , Zhai Lianjie , Cao Yilin , Wang Xiaocong , Qiu Lili , Wang Bozhou , Meng Zihui
Published: March 2024

Trimerizing furoxans are ideal molecular skeletons for the construction of high energetic substances due to their compact structures and high enthalpy of formations. To explore and compare the thermal behaviors of energetic materials with tandem trimerizing furoxan molecular skeleton, we reported the first systematic research on the thermochemical behaviors and decomposition mechanism of 3,4‐bis(3‐fluorodinitromethylfuroxan‐4‐yl)furoxan (BFTF), 3,4‐bis(3‐cyanofurazan)furazan oxide (BCTFO) and benzotrifuroxan (BTF). According to the research results of the DSC‐TG experiments, both the substituted furoxan based energetic compounds (BCTFO and BFTF) exhibited low melting points and complicated thermal decomposition behaviors around 240 °C, while the melting point of unsubstituted furoxan (BTF) was much higher. Their detailed decomposition mechanisms were proposed based on the experimental results through tandem techniques including in‐situ FTIR spectroscopy method and DSC‐TG‐FTIR‐MS quadruple technology, which indicated that the cleavage of substituent would trigger the decompositions of BFTF and the decomposition of trimerizing furoxan skeletons almost synchronous occurrence with substituents in BCTFO. The self‐oxidation‐reduction of the linear and annular trimerizing furoxans lead to similar decomposition fragmented small molecule products.
An incremental analysis update in the framework of the four‐dimensional variational data assimilation: Description and preliminary tests in the operational China Meteorological Administration Global Forecast System
Authors: Wang Liwen , Liu Yongzhu , Xu Daosheng , Zhang Lin , Leung Jeremy Cheuk‐Hin , Li Haorui , Gong Jiandong , Zhang Banglin
Published: March 2024

Initialization and the spin‐up effect are critical to model performance in the four‐dimensional variational data assimilation (4DVar) system. The incremental analysis update (IAU) technique is able to combat these problems. This study introduces the IAU technique into the 4DVar framework (IAU‐4DVar) of the operational China Meteorological Administration Global Forecast System (CMA‐GFS) and evaluates the performance of the IAU‐4DVar. In this IAU‐4DVar framework, the initial increments optimally estimated are split up into equally weighted forcing terms and integrated into the tangent model and its adjoint model. Then, the optimal estimation of the analysis increment is gradually introduced into the model integration during the assimilation window. A set of two‐month assimilation and forecast experiments were established and executed in this study, and the preliminary results show that the IAU technique can reduce the spin‐up effect of the initial analysis increment from the operational 4DVar system with digital filter initialization (DFI‐4DVar) by retaining the balance in dynamics and thermodynamics. In the optimal minimization process, the IAU‐4DVar converges faster than the DFI‐4DVar with a reduction of the computational cost of up to ca 40%. In addition, the introduction of IAU‐4DVar into the CMA‐GFS model could have a positive impact on the analysis and forecast skills relative to the operational DFI‐4DVar.
Development of innovative groynes to establish fish passability of regulated rivers based on the example of the Wien River, Austria. Part I: Impact of groyne parameters on water depth and velocity
Authors: Lasinger Nora , Leutgöb Elena , Habersack Helmut , Sindelar Christine
Published: March 2024

Rivers in Europe have been heavily modified over the last 200 years, with a significant impact on their ecology and environment. This also applies to rivers like the Wien River, Austria, which are designed as overwide concrete channels for the benefit of flood protection. To achieve a good ecological potential in such heavily modified water bodies, one key element is fish passability. This requires an increase in the water level at low flow conditions and a reduction of the flow velocity. The aim of this study is to assess whether groynes are suitable for this application. A design study was conducted to examine the effect of individual groyne parameters on water depths and velocities. Physical experiments were carried out in a laboratory flume at a scale of 1:8. In addition, a 2D numerical model was used. It was found that the groynes had to be submerged and the alignment had to be repelling to achieve both requirements. The configuration of the groyne height, distance and degree of obstruction parameters were crucial. The groyne angle and shape had a minor effect and can be used for fine‐tuning. The best groyne design created a passable section for fish. Thereby, and through sedimentation, the best design contributed to an ecological improvement. However, it did not create habitats and did not constitute a fullfledged restoration. In general, submerged groynes can fulfil the hydraulic requirements for fish passage in heavily modified water bodies with a fixed bed.
Dupilumab-Associated Ocular Surface Disease or Atopic Keratoconjunctivitis Not Improved by Dupilumab? Upadacitinib May Clarify the Dilemma: A Case Report
Authors: Galluzzo Marco , Tofani Lorenzo , Spelta Sara , Talamonti Marina , Micera Alessandra , Bianchi Luca , Coassin Marco , Bonini Stefano , Di Zazzo Antonio
Published: March 2024

Dupilumab-associated ocular surface disease is a common clinical sign appearing in patients with atopic dermatitis (AD) just few months after dupilumab treatment start, developing in about 25% of patients. Atopic keratoconjunctivitis (AKC) is a well-identified clinical entity, defined as a chronic inflammatory disease of eye that affects 25%–40% of patients with AD. Most clinical signs of ocular involvement in AD patients treated with dupilumab overlaps the AKC symptoms and signs. We supposed that Dupilumab-associated ocular surface disease and AKC represent the same disease but differently called by dermatologists and ophthalmologists. AKC-like disease may develop during dupilumab therapy as a consequence of alternative cytokines pathway activation (e.g. IL33) secondary to IL-4/13 pathway block. The novel upadacitinib drug may bypass ILs pathway through Janus Kinases selective inhibition, avoiding positive or negative ILs feedback at the ocular surface level. In this case report, molecular analysis on conjunctival samples showed a lower ocular surface inflammation (lower expression of HLADR) although higher levels of IL4 and IL13 in a patient with AD and AKC during upadacitinib therapy, compared to prior dupilumab treatment. Target therapies in patients suffering from AD may prevent ocular and dermatological comorbidities improving quality of life before quality of skin and vision.
Learning needs of the 21st century: Using intentional emergence with Generation Z college students
Authors: Weng John , Seemiller Corey
Published: March 2024

The student body within a university is a dynamic entity, with each cohort being shaped by current societal events and technological advancements. Thus, higher education institutions and other providers of leadership education and development must consider the nature of today's college students and employees, who are primarily from Generation Z, when engaging in teaching and learning practices. One such pedagogy that aligns with this student cohort is intentional emergence (IE). This article will discuss ideas and considerations for using IE with Generation Z students.
Aspects of three-dimensional C-metric
Authors: Tian Jia , Lai Tengzhou
Published: March 2024

Abstract

In this work, we present an extensive analysis of the thermodynamics and holographic properties of three-dimensional C-metrics in the FG gauge, where we find that the free energy is equal to the Euclidean on-shell action with a generic conformal factor. For the black hole solutions we find that Smarr relation and the first law of thermodynamics can be formulated when the contributions of the boundary entropy are considered. We also compute holographic entanglement entropy following the AdS/BCFT formalism. By comparing the free energies of different bulk solutions with a fixed flat torus boundary geometry, we find that a specific type of accelerating black hole is dominant in the high temperature regime.
Confinement and D5-branes
Authors: Nunez Carlos , Oyarzo Marcelo , Stuardo Ricardo
Published: March 2024

Abstract

In this work we present new solutions of type IIB supergravity based on wrapped D5 branes. We propose that two of these backgrounds are holographically dual to Quantum Field Theories that confine. The high energy regime of the field theories is that of a Little String Theory. We study various observables (Wilson and ’t Hooft loops, Entanglement entropy, density of degrees of freedom and the spectrum of spin-two glueballs, among others). We also present two new black membrane backgrounds and analyse some thermodynamic aspects of these solutions.
Finite Groups All of Whose Subgroups are $$\mathbb {P}$$-Subnormal or $${{\,\textrm{TI}\,}}$$-Subgroups
Authors: Ballester-Bolinches A. , Kamornikov S. F. , Pérez-Calabuig V. , Yi X.
Published: March 2024

Let $$\mathbb {P}$$
P
be the set of all prime numbers. A subgroup H of a finite group G is said to be $$\mathbb {P}$$
P
-subnormal in G if there exists a chain of subgroups $$\begin{aligned} H = H_0 \subseteq H_1 \subseteq \cdots \subseteq H_{n-1} \subseteq H_n = G \end{aligned}$$

H
=

H
0

⊆

H
1

⊆
⋯
⊆

H

n
-
1

⊆

H
n

=
G

such that either $$H_{i-1}$$

H

i
-
1

is normal in $$H_i$$

H
i

or $$|H_i{:}\, H_{i-1}|$$

|

H
i

:

H

i
-
1

|

is a prime number for every $$i = 1, 2, \ldots , n$$

i
=
1
,
2
,
…
,
n

. A subgroup H of G is called a $${{\,\textrm{TI}\,}}$$

TI

-subgroup if every pair of distinct conjugates of H has trivial intersection. The aim of this paper is to give a complete description of all finite groups in which every non-$$\mathbb {P}$$
P
-subnormal subgroup is a $${{\,\textrm{TI}\,}}$$

TI

-subgroup.
Txnip regulates the Oct4-mediated pluripotency circuitry via metabolic changes upon differentiation
Authors: Kwak Sojung , Song Cho Lok , Cho Yee Sook , Choi Inpyo , Byun Jae-Eun , Jung Haiyoung , Lee Jungwoon
Published: March 2024

Thioredoxin interacting protein (Txnip) is a stress-responsive factor regulating Trx1 for redox balance and involved in diverse cellular processes including proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, inflammation, and metabolism. However, the biological role of Txnip function in stem cell pluripotency has yet to be investigated. Here, we reveal the novel functions of mouse Txnip in cellular reprogramming and differentiation onset by involving in glucose-mediated histone acetylation and the regulation of Oct4, which is a fundamental component of the molecular circuitry underlying pluripotency. During reprogramming or PSC differentiation process, cellular metabolic and chromatin remodeling occur in order to change its cellular fate. Txnip knockout promotes induced pluripotency but hinders initial differentiation by activating pluripotency factors and promoting glycolysis. This alteration affects the intracellular levels of acetyl-coA, a final product of enhanced glycolysis, resulting in sustained histone acetylation on active PSC gene regions. Moreover, Txnip directly interacts with Oct4, thereby repressing its activity and consequently deregulating Oct4 target gene transcriptions. Our work suggests that control of Txnip expression is crucial for cell fate transitions by modulating the entry and exit of pluripotency.
Strong solutions and attractor dimension for 2D NSE with dynamic boundary conditions
Authors: Pražák Dalibor , Zelina Michael
Published: March 2024

We consider incompressible Navier–Stokes equations in a bounded 2D domain, complete with the so-called dynamic slip boundary conditions. Assuming that the data are regular, we show that weak solutions are strong. As an application, we provide an explicit upper bound of the fractal dimension of the global attractor in terms of the physical parameters. These estimates comply with analogous results in the case of Dirichlet boundary condition.
A perturbative approach to Hölder continuity of solutions to a nonlocal p-parabolic equation
Authors: Tavakoli Alireza
Published: March 2024

We study local boundedness and Hölder continuity of a parabolic equation involving the fractional p-Laplacian of order s, with $$0<s<1$$

0
<
s
<
1

, $$2\le p < \infty $$

2
≤
p
<
∞

, with a general right-hand side. We focus on obtaining precise Hölder continuity estimates. The proof is based on a perturbative argument using the already known Hölder continuity estimate for solutions to the equation with zero right-hand side.
A critical exponent in a quasilinear Keller–Segel system with arbitrarily fast decaying diffusivities accounting for volume-filling effects
Authors: Stinner Christian , Winkler Michael
Published: March 2024

The quasilinear Keller–Segel system$$\begin{aligned} \left\{ \begin{array}{l} u_t=\nabla \cdot (D(u)\nabla u) - \nabla \cdot (S(u)\nabla v), \\ v_t=\Delta v-v+u, \end{array}\right. \end{aligned}$$ut=∇·(D(u)∇u)-∇·(S(u)∇v),vt=Δv-v+u,endowed with homogeneous Neumann boundary conditions is considered in a bounded domain$$\Omega \subset {\mathbb {R}}^n$$Ω⊂Rn,$$n \ge 3$$n≥3, with smooth boundary for sufficiently regular functionsDandSsatisfying$$D>0$$D>0on$$[0,\infty )$$[0,∞),$$S>0$$S>0on$$(0,\infty )$$(0,∞)and$$S(0)=0$$S(0)=0. On the one hand, it is shown that if$$\frac{S}{D}$$SDsatisfies the subcritical growth condition$$\begin{aligned} \frac{S(s)}{D(s)} \le C s^\alpha \qquad \text{ for } \text{ all } s\ge 1 \qquad \text{ with } \text{ some } \alpha < \frac{2}{n} \end{aligned}$$S(s)D(s)≤Csαforalls≥1withsomeα<2nand$$C>0$$C>0, then for any sufficiently regular initial data there exists a global weak energy solution such that$${ \mathrm{{ess}}} \sup _{t>0} \Vert u(t) \Vert _{L^p(\Omega )}<\infty $$esssupt>0‖u(t)‖Lp(Ω)<∞for some$$p > \frac{2n}{n+2}$$p>2nn+2. On the other hand, if$$\frac{S}{D}$$SDsatisfies the supercritical growth condition$$\begin{aligned} \frac{S(s)}{D(s)} \ge c s^\alpha \qquad \text{ for } \text{ all } s\ge 1 \qquad \text{ with } \text{ some } \alpha > \frac{2}{n} \end{aligned}$$S(s)D(s)≥csαforalls≥1withsomeα>2nand$$c>0$$c>0, then the nonexistence of a global weak energy solution having the boundedness property stated above is shown for some initial data in the radial setting. This establishes some criticality of the value$$\alpha = \frac{2}{n}$$α=2nfor$$n \ge 3$$n≥3, without any additional assumption on the behavior ofD(s) as$$s \rightarrow \infty $$s→∞, in particular without requiring any algebraic lower bound forD. When applied to the Keller–Segel system with volume-filling effect for probability distribution functions of the type$$Q(s) = \exp (-s^\beta )$$Q(s)=exp(-sβ),$$s \ge 0$$s≥0, for global solvability the exponent$$\beta = \frac{n-2}{n}$$β=n-2nis seen to be critical.
Bloom weighted bounds for sparse forms associated to commutators
Authors: Lerner Andrei K. , Lorist Emiel , Ombrosi Sheldy
Published: March 2024

In this paper we consider bilinear sparse forms intimately related to iterated commutators of a rather general class of operators. We establish Bloom weighted estimates for these forms in the full range of exponents, both in the diagonal and off-diagonal cases. As an application, we obtain new Bloom bounds for commutators of (maximal) rough homogeneous singular integrals and the Bochner–Riesz operator at the critical index. We also raise the question about the sharpness of our estimates. In particular we obtain the surprising fact that even in the case of Calderón–Zygmund operators, the previously known quantitative Bloom bounds are not sharp for the second and higher order commutators.
Towards clinical adherence monitoring of oral endocrine breast cancer therapies by LC-HRMS—method development, validation, comparison of four sample matrices, and proof of concept
Authors: Jacobs Cathy M. , Radosa Julia C. , Wagmann Lea , Zimmermann Julia S. M. , Kaya Askin C. , Aygün Aylin , Edel Tatjana , Stotz Lisa , Ismaeil Mohamed , Solomayer Erich-Franz , Meyer Markus R.
Published: March 2024

Oral endocrine therapies (OET) for breast cancer treatment need to be taken over a long period of time and are associated with considerable side effects. Therefore, adherence to OET is an important issue and of high clinical significance for breast cancer patients’ caregivers. We hypothesized that a new bioanalytical strategy based on liquid chromatography and high-resolution mass spectrometry might be suitable for unbiased adherence monitoring (AM) of OET. Four different biomatrices (plasma, urine, finger prick blood by volumetric absorptive microsampling (VAMS), oral fluid (OF)) were evaluated regarding their suitability for AM of the OET abemaciclib, anastrozole, exemestane, letrozole, palbociclib, ribociclib, tamoxifen, and endoxifen. An analytical method was developed and validated according to international recommendations. The analytical procedures were successfully validated in all sample matrices for most analytes, even meeting requirements for therapeutic drug monitoring. Chromatographic separation of analytes was achieved in less than 10 min and limits of quantification ranged from 1 to 1000 ng/mL. The analysis of 25 matching patient samples showed that AM of OET is possible using all four matrices with the exception of, e.g., letrozole and exemestane in OF. We were able to show that unbiased bioanalytical AM of OET was possible using different biomatrices with distinct restrictions. Sample collection of VAMS was difficult in most cases due to circulatory restraints and peripheral neuropathy in fingers and OF sampling was hampered by dry mouth syndrome in some cases. Although parent compounds could be detected in most of the urine samples, metabolites should be included when analyzing urine or OF. Plasma is currently the most suitable matrix due to available reference concentrations.

Graphical Abstract
Cyanophycin modifications for applications in tissue scaffolding
Authors: Kwiatos Natalia , Atila Deniz , Puchalski Michał , Kumaravel Vignesh , Steinbüchel Alexander
Published: March 2024

Cyanophycin (CGP) is a polypeptide consisting of amino acids—aspartic acid in the backbone and arginine in the side chain. Owing to its resemblance to cell adhesive motifs in the body, it can be considered suitable for use in biomedical applications as a novel component to facilitate cell attachment and tissue regeneration. Although it has vast potential applications, starting with nutrition, through drug delivery and tissue engineering to the production of value-added chemicals and biomaterials, CGP has not been brought to the industry yet. To develop scaffolds using CGP powder produced by bacteria, its properties (e.g., biocompatibility, morphology, biodegradability, and mechanical strength) should be tailored in terms of the requirements of the targeted tissue. Crosslinking commonly stands for a primary modification method for renovating biomaterial features to these extents. Herein, we aimed to crosslink CGP for the first time and present a comparative study of different methods of CGP crosslinking including chemical, physical, and enzymatic methods by utilizing glutaraldehyde (GTA), UV exposure, genipin, 1-ethyl-3-[3-dimethylaminopropyl] carbodiimide hydrochloride/N-hydroxysuccinimide (EDC/NHS), and monoamine oxidase (MAO). Crosslinking efficacy varied among the samples crosslinked via the different crosslinking methods. All crosslinked CGP were non-cytotoxic to L929 cells, except for the groups with higher GTA concentrations. We conclude that CGP is a promising candidate for scaffolding purposes to be used as part of a composite with other biomaterials to maintain the integrity of scaffolds. The initiative study demonstrated the unknown characteristics of crosslinked CGP, even though its feasibility for biomedical applications should be confirmed by further examinations.

Key points

• Cyanophycin was crosslinked by 5 different methods

• Crosslinked cyanophycin is non-cytotoxic to L929 cells

• Crosslinked cyanophycin is a promising new material for scaffolding purposes

Graphical Abstract
Diffusion-/perfusion-weighted imaging fusion to automatically identify stroke within 4.5 h
Authors: Jiang Liang , Sun Jiarui , Wang Yajing , Yang Haodi , Chen Yu-Chen , Peng Mingyang , Zhang Hong , Chen Yang , Yin Xindao
Published: March 2024

Objectives

We aimed to develop machine learning (ML) models based on diffusion- and perfusion-weighted imaging fusion (DP fusion) for identifying stroke within 4.5 h, to compare them with DWI- and/or PWI-based ML models, and to construct an automatic segmentation-classification model and compare with manual labeling methods.

Methods

ML models were developed from multimodal MRI datasets of acute stroke patients within 24 h of clear symptom onset from two centers. The processes included manual segmentation, registration, DP fusion, feature extraction, and model establishment (logistic regression (LR) and support vector machine (SVM)). A segmentation-classification model (X-Net) was proposed for automatically identifying stroke within 4.5 h. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC), sensitivity, Dice coefficients, decision curve analysis, and calibration curves were used to evaluate model performance.

Results

A total of 418 patients (≤ 4.5 h: 214; > 4.5 h: 204) were evaluated. The DP fusion model achieved the highest AUC in identifying the onset time in the training (LR: 0.95; SVM: 0.92) and test sets (LR: 0.91; SVM: 0.90). The DP fusion-LR model displayed consistent positive and greater net benefits than other models across a broad range of risk thresholds. The calibration curve demonstrated the good calibration of the DP fusion-LR model (average absolute error: 0.049). The X-Net model obtained the highest Dice coefficients (DWI: 0.81; Tmax: 0.83) and achieved similar performance to manual labeling (AUC: 0.84).

Conclusions

The automatic segmentation-classification models based on DWI and PWI fusion images had high performance in identifying stroke within 4.5 h.

Clinical relevance statement

Perfusion-weighted imaging (PWI) fusion images had high performance in identifying stroke within 4.5 h. The automatic segmentation-classification models based on DWI and PWI fusion images could provide clinicians with decision-making guidance for acute stroke patients with unknown onset time.

Key Points

• The diffusion/perfusion-weighted imaging fusion model had the best performance in identifying stroke within 4.5 h.

• The X-Net model had the highest Dice and achieved performance close to manual labeling in segmenting lesions of acute stroke.

• The automatic segmentation-classification model based on DP fusion images performed well in identifying stroke within 4.5 h.
High-performance presurgical differentiation of glioblastoma and metastasis by means of multiparametric neurite orientation dispersion and density imaging (NODDI) radiomics
Authors: Bai Jie , He Mengyang , Gao Eryuan , Yang Guang , Zhang Chengxiu , Yang Hongxi , Dong Jie , Ma Xiaoyue , Gao Yufei , Zhang Huiting , Yan Xu , Zhang Yong , Cheng Jingliang , Zhao Guohua
Published: March 2024

Objectives

To evaluate the performance of multiparametric neurite orientation dispersion and density imaging (NODDI) radiomics in distinguishing between glioblastoma (Gb) and solitary brain metastasis (SBM).

Materials and methods

In this retrospective study, NODDI images were curated from 109 patients with Gb (n = 57) or SBM (n = 52). Automatically segmented multiple volumes of interest (VOIs) encompassed the main tumor regions, including necrosis, solid tumor, and peritumoral edema. Radiomics features were extracted for each main tumor region, using three NODDI parameter maps. Radiomics models were developed based on these three NODDI parameter maps and their amalgamation to differentiate between Gb and SBM. Additionally, radiomics models were constructed based on morphological magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and diffusion imaging (diffusion-weighted imaging [DWI]; diffusion tensor imaging [DTI]) for performance comparison.

Results

The validation dataset results revealed that the performance of a single NODDI parameter map model was inferior to that of the combined NODDI model. In the necrotic regions, the combined NODDI radiomics model exhibited less than ideal discriminative capabilities (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve [AUC] = 0.701). For peritumoral edema regions, the combined NODDI radiomics model achieved a moderate level of discrimination (AUC = 0.820). Within the solid tumor regions, the combined NODDI radiomics model demonstrated superior performance (AUC = 0.904), surpassing the models of other VOIs. The comparison results demonstrated that the NODDI model was better than the DWI and DTI models, while those of the morphological MRI and NODDI models were similar.

Conclusion

The NODDI radiomics model showed promising performance for preoperative discrimination between Gb and SBM.

Clinical relevance statement

The NODDI radiomics model showed promising performance for preoperative discrimination between Gb and SBM, and radiomics features can be incorporated into the multidimensional phenotypic features that describe tumor heterogeneity.

Key Points

• The neurite orientation dispersion and density imaging (NODDI) radiomics model showed promising performance for preoperative discrimination between glioblastoma and solitary brain metastasis.

• Compared with other tumor volumes of interest, the NODDI radiomics model based on solid tumor regions performed best in distinguishing the two types of tumors.

• The performance of the single-parameter NODDI model was inferior to that of the combined-parameter NODDI model.
On the Trajectory of a Light Small Rigid Body in an Incompressible Viscous Fluid
Authors: Bravin Marco , Nečasová Šárka
Published: March 2024

In this paper, we study the dynamics of a small rigid body in a viscous incompressible fluid in dimension two and three. More precisely we investigate the trajectory of the rigid body in the limit when its mass and its size tend to zero. We show that the velocity of the center of mass of the rigid body coincides with the background fluid velocity in the limit. We are able to consider the limit when the volume of the rigid bodies converges to zero while their densities are a fixed constant.
Can shear wave elastography predict the success of shock‑wave lithotripsy used in renal stones treatment? A prospective study
Authors: Samir Mohamed , Galaleldine Abdelrahim , El-Zayat Tarek , Eldin Noha Diaa , Mahmoud Mahmoud A. , Mostafa Diaa
Published: March 2024

Objective

To evaluate the usage of shear wave elastography (SWE) in the prediction of the success rate of shock‑wave lithotripsy (SWL) treatment of renal stones.

Patients and methods

In the present study, SWL was performed for 100 patients presented with renal stones in the duration from May 2022 to August 2023. The patients were divided into 2 groups SWL responders and non-responders. The study compared between the 2 groups in terms of baseline parameters of the patients as age, sex, body mass index (BMI), stone size, stone location, stone density (HU), skin-to-stone distance (SSD), the degree of hydronephrosis and the stone elastography values.

Results

There was no statistically significant relation between stone-free rate and degree of obstruction (p = 0.628), stone size (p = 0.390) upper calyceal location (p = 0.17), middle calyceal location (p = 0.66), and renal pelvis location (p = 1.0). Nevertheless, a statistically significant relation was found as regards lower calyceal location, stone density (HU), and stone Elastography values using multivariate analysis.

Conclusions

Measurement of stone density by shear wave elastography (SWE) can be used as an alternative to HU in decision-making before SWL. SWL success depends mainly on stone site, HU, and SWE values.
Rodent maze studies: from following simple rules to complex map learning
Authors: Wijnen Kjell , Genzel Lisa , van der Meij Jacqueline
Published: March 2024

More than 100 years since the first maze designed for rodent research, researchers now have the choice of a variety of mazes that come in many different shapes and sizes. Still old designs get modified and new designs are introduced to fit new research questions. Yet, which maze is the most optimal to use or which training paradigm should be applied, remains up for debate. In this review, we not only provide a historical overview of maze designs and usages in rodent learning and memory research, but also discuss the possible navigational strategies the animals can use to solve each maze. Furthermore, we summarize the different phases of learning that take place when a maze is used as the experimental task. At last, we delve into how training and maze design can affect what the rodents are actually learning in a spatial task.
Psoralen: a narrative review of current and future therapeutic uses
Authors: Galiatsatos Panagis , Maydan Daniella D. , Macalpine Elle , Schleupner Beatrice , Aitchison Alexandra Hunter , Lerner Andrew D. , Levy Benjamin , Halthore Aditya , Eward William
Published: March 2024

Psoralen is a family of naturally occurring photoactive compounds found in plants that acquire potential cytotoxicity when activated by specific frequencies of electromagnetic waves. Psoralens penetrate the phospholipid cellular membranes and insert themselves between the pyrimidines of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA). Psoralens are initially biologically inert and acquire photoreactivity when exposed to certain classes of electromagnetic radiation, such as ultraviolet light. Once activated, psoralens form mono- and di-adducts with DNA, leading to marked cell apoptosis. This apoptotic effect is more pronounced in tumor cells due to their high rate of cell division. Moreover, photoactivated psoralen can inhibit tyrosine kinase signaling and influence the immunogenic properties of cells. Thus, the cytotoxicity of photoactivated psoralen holds promising clinical applications from its immunogenic properties to potential anti-cancer treatments. This narrative review aims to provide an overview of the current understanding and research on psoralen and to explore its potential future pharmacotherapeutic benefits in specific diseases.
Diverse Pairs of Matchings
Authors: Fomin Fedor V. , Golovach Petr A. , Jaffke Lars , Philip Geevarghese , Sagunov Danil
Published: March 2024

We initiate the study of theDiverse Pair of (Maximum/ Perfect) Matchingsproblems which given a graphGand an integerk, ask whetherGhas two (maximum/perfect) matchings whose symmetric difference is at leastk.Diverse Pair of Matchings(asking for two not necessarily maximum or perfect matchings) is$$\textsf{NP}$$NP-complete on general graphs ifkis part of the input, and we consider two restricted variants. First, we show that on bipartite graphs, the problem is polynomial-time solvable, and second we show thatDiverse Pair of Maximum Matchingsis$$\textsf{FPT}$$FPTparameterized byk. We round off the work by showing thatDiverse Pair of Matchingshas a kernel on$${\mathcal {O}}(k^2)$$O(k2)vertices.
Asymptotic behaviour of solutions to the anisotropic doubly critical equation
Authors: Esposito Francesco , Montoro Luigi , Sciunzi Berardino , Vuono Domenico
Published: March 2024

The aim of this paper is to deal with the anisotropic doubly critical equation $$\begin{aligned} -\Delta _p^H u - \frac{\gamma }{[H^\circ (x)]^p} u^{p-1} = u^{p^*-1} \qquad \text {in } {\mathbb {R}}^N, \end{aligned}$$

-

Δ
p
H

u
-

γ

[

H
∘

(
x
)

]

p

u

p
-
1

=

u

p
∗

-
1

in

R

N

,

where H is in some cases called Finsler norm, $$H^\circ $$

H
∘

is the dual norm, $$1<p<N$$

1
<
p
<
N

, $$0 \le \gamma < \left( (N-p)/p\right) ^p$$

0
≤
γ
<

(
N
-
p
)
/
p

p

and $$p^*=Np/(N-p)$$

p
∗

=
N
p
/

(
N
-
p
)

. In particular, we provide a complete asymptotic analysis of $$u \in \mathcal {D}^{1,p}({\mathbb {R}}^N)$$

u
∈

D

1
,
p

(

R

N

)

near the origin and at infinity, showing that this solution has the same features of its euclidean counterpart. Some of the techniques used in the proofs are new even in the Euclidean framework.
Investigating the influence of neck muscle vibration on illusory self-motion in virtual reality
Authors: Kooijman Lars , Asadi Houshyar , Gonzalez Arango Camilo , Mohamed Shady , Nahavandi Saeid
Published: March 2024

The illusory experience of self-motion known as vection, is a multisensory phenomenon relevant to self-motion processes. While some studies have shown that neck muscle vibrations can improve self-motion parameter estimation, the influence on vection remains unknown. Further, few studies measured cybersickness (CS), presence, and vection concurrently and have shown conflicting results. It was hypothesized that 1) neck vibrations would enhance vection and presence, and 2) CS to negatively relate to presence and vection, whereas presence and vection to positively relate to one another. Thirty-two participants were visually and audibly immersed in a virtual reality flight simulator and occasional neck muscle vibrations were presented. Vection onset and duration were reported through button presses. Turning angle estimations and ratings of vection quality, presence, and CS were obtained after completion of the flights. Results showed no influence of vibrations on turning angle estimation errors, but a medium positive effect of vibrations on vection quality was found. Presence and vection quality were positively related, and no strong association between CS and presence or vection was found. It is concluded that neck vibrations may enhance vection and presence, however, from the current study it is unclear whether this is due to proprioceptive or tactile stimulation.
Personal space invasion to prevent cyberbullying: design, development, and evaluation of an immersive prevention measure for children and adolescents
Authors: Wienrich Carolin , Horn Viktoria , Krauss Jana , Bürger Arne
Published: March 2024

The previous work on cyberbullying has shown that the number of victims is increasing, and the need for prevention is exceptionally high among younger school students (5th–9th grade). Due to the omnipresence of cyberattacks, victims can hardly distance themselves psychologically, thus experience an intrusion in almost all areas of life. The perpetrators, on the other hand, feel the consequences of their actions even less in cyberspace. However, there is a gap between the need and the existence of innovative prevention programs tied to the digital reality of the target group and the treatment of essential aspects of psychological distance. This article explores the design space, feasibility, and effectiveness of a unique VR-based cyberbullying prevention component in a human-centered iterative approach. The central idea is reflected in creating a virtual personal space invasion with virtual objects associated with cyberbullying making the everyday intrusion of victims tangible. A pre-study revealed that harmful speech texts in bright non-removable message boxes best transferred the psychological determinants associated with a personal space invasion to virtual objects contextualized in cyberbullying scenarios. Therefore, these objects were incorporated into a virtual prevention program that was then tested in a laboratory study with 41 participants. The results showed that the intervention could trigger cognitive dissonance and empathy. In the second step, the intervention was evaluated and improved in a focus group with the actual target group of children and adolescents. The improved application was then evaluated in a school workshop for 5 days with 100 children and adolescents. The children understood the metaphor of virtual space invasion by the harmful text boxes and reported the expected psychological effects. They also showed great interest in VR. In summary, this paper contributes to the innovative and effective prevention of cyberbullying by using the potential of VR. It provides empirical evidence from a laboratory experiment and a field study with a large sample from the target group of children and adolescents and discusses implications for future developments.
Non-deterministic method for semi-automatic calibration of smartphone-based OST HMDs
Authors: Covolan João Pedro Mucheroni , Oliveira Claiton , Sanches Silvio Ricardo Rodrigues , Sementille Antonio Carlos
Published: March 2024

An Augmented Reality (AR) system must show real and virtual elements as if they coexisted in the same environment. The tridimensional aligment (registration) is particularly challenging on specific hardware configurations such as Head Mounted Displays (HMDs) that use Optical See-Through (OST) technology. In general, the calibration of HMDs uses deterministic optimization methods. However, non-deterministic methods have been proposed in the literature with promising results in distinct research areas. In this work, we developed a non-deterministic optimization method for the semi-automatic calibration of smartphone-based OST HMDs. We tested simulated annealing, evolutionary strategy, and particle swarm algorithms. We also developed a system for calibration and evaluated it through an application that aligned a virtual object in an AR environment. We evaluated our method using the Mean Squared Error (MSE) at each calibration step, considering the difference between the ideal/observed positions of a set of reference points and those estimated from the values determined for the calibration parameters. Our results show an accurate OST HMD calibration for the peripersonal space, with similar MSEs for the three tested algorithms.
Modelling operator control work across traffic management domains: implications for interaction design
Authors: Lundberg Jonas , Nylin Magnus , Praetorius Gesa , Jansson Anders A. , Bång Magnus
Published: March 2024

Traffic management in aviation, shipping, and rail transport shows similarities and dissimilarities in the work process. For example, they share the temporal aspect, but different levels of urgency in the control work set different requirements on monitoring, decisions, and actions. However, few studies have been presented that model and compare the different domains in terms of temporal decision-making. The Joint Control Framework (JCF) is an approach to analyse and temporally model operators’ control processes from a cognitive systems engineering perspective. In this study, we have used JCF to map, and compare, cognitive joints, such as perceptions, decisions, and actions, in temporally challenging control situations in air traffic control, maritime vessel traffic service, and train traffic management. Data was collected collaboratively with traffic operators, focusing on (1) identifying challenging traffic situations and (2) jointly modelling the temporal decision-making patterns of these situations using simplified JCF. Post-analysis was done by breaking down the results into different processes and comparing domains to ascertain how operators maintain control. An intermediate level of activity—between general monitoring and work with specific vehicles—was identified: processes-in-focus. A shared problem arises in the shift between general monitoring and the processes-in-focus. All processes-in-focus comprise cognitive joint cycles of perceptions, decisions, and actions. However, depending on the framing of processes-in-focus, the patterns of joints, such as temporal extension and complexity, differ. In the remainder of the article, implications for the interaction design, in particular the potential for human–AI/automation teaming with higher levels of automation and cognitive autonomy, are discussed.
Biofilm-producing and carbapenems-resistant Escherichia coli nosocomial uropathogens: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Abo-alella Doaa , Abdelmoniem Wessam , Tantawy Enas , Asaad Ahmed
Published: March 2024

Objectives

This cross-sectional study aims to determine the incidence and potential risk factors associated with biofilm-producing uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) nosocomial strains from a tertiary care hospital and to examine the prospective correlation between biofilm generation and antibiotic resistance phenotypes and genotypes.

Methods

A total of 130 UPEC nosocomial isolates were identified, their biofilm formation was quantified using a modified microtiter plate assay, and their antibiotic susceptibilities were assessed utilizing the disc diffusion method. Isolates were then subjected to PCR assays targeting blaKPC, blaVIM, blaIMP, and blaOXA48 genes.

Results

Over half of the isolates (n = 76, 58.5%) were biofilm producers. Among 17 carbapenem-resistant isolates, 6 (42.9%) isolates harbored the blaOXA48 gene, and only 1 (9.1%) isolate was positive for the blaVIM gene. Prior antibiotic therapy (aOR 15.782, p 0.000) and diabetes mellitus DM (aOR 11.222, p 0.016) were the significant risk factors associated with biofilm production, as determined by logistic regression analysis of the data. In addition, gentamicin resistance was the only statistically significant antibiotic resistance pattern associated with biofilm production (aOR 9.113, p 0.02).

Conclusions

The findings of this study emphasize the significance of implementing proper infection control measures to avoid the horizontal spread of biofilm formation and associated antimicrobial resistance patterns among UPEC nosocomial strains.
Descent of tautological sheaves from Hilbert schemes to Enriques manifolds
Authors: Reede Fabian
Published: March 2024

Let X be a K3 surface which doubly covers an Enriques surface S. If $$n\in {\mathbb {N}}$$

n
∈
N

is an odd number, then the Hilbert scheme of n-points $$X^{[n]}$$

X

[
n
]

admits a natural quotient $$S_{[n]}$$

S

[
n
]

. This quotient is an Enriques manifold in the sense of Oguiso and Schröer. In this paper we construct slope stable sheaves on $$S_{[n]}$$

S

[
n
]

and study some of their properties.
A quadriphasic mechanical model of the human dermis
Authors: Sachs David , Jakob Raphael , Restivo Gaetana , Hafner Jürg , Lindenblatt Nicole , Ehret Alexander E. , Mazza Edoardo
Published: March 2024

The present study investigates the multiphasic nature of the mechanical behavior of human dermis. Motivated by experimental observations and by consideration of its composition, a quadriphasic model of the dermis is proposed, distinguishing solid matrix components, interstitial fluid and charged constituents moving within the fluid, i.e., anions and cations. Compression and tensile experiments with and without change of osmolarity of the bath are performed to characterize the chemo-mechanical coupling in the dermis. Model parameters are determined through inverse analysis. The computations predict a dominant role of the permeability in the determination of the temporal evolution of the mechanical response of the tissue. In line with the previous studies on other tissues, the analysis shows that an ideal model based on Donnan’s equilibrium overestimates the osmotic pressure in skin for the case of very dilute solutions. The quadriphasic model is applied to predict changes in dermal cell environment and therefore alterations in what is called the “mechanome,” associated with skin stretch. The simulations indicate that skin deformation causes a variation in several local variables, including in particular the electric field associated with a deformation-induced non-homogeneous distribution of fixed charges.
Non-tumor-related prognostic factors for immunotherapy–chemotherapy or immunotherapy alone as first-line in advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC)
Authors: Guo Ziwei , Wei Xing , Tang Chuanhao , Liang Jun
Published: March 2024

Besides programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression, rapid, cost-effective and validated scores or models are critical for the prognosis and prediction of patients received immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). In this retrospective study, 182 patients with NSCLC receiving ICIs from 2015 to 2022 were divided 1:1 into a training cohort and a validation cohort. We identified a score established by three factors and analyzed the prognostic implications by Kaplan–Meier approach (Log rank test) and time-dependent receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analyses. A non-tumor-related score (NTRS) was established that could be used as a prognostic factor (HR 2.260, 95% CI 1.559–3.276, P < 0.001 in training cohort; HR 2.114, 95% CI 1.493–2.994, P < 0.001 in validation cohort) and had a high time-dependent ROC for overall survival (OS) (AUC 0.670–0.782 in training cohort; AUC 0.682–0.841 in validation cohort). PD-L1 (1–49%) and NTRS (score = 0, 1, 2, 3) combination significantly improved the assessment of patients’ OS and progress-free survival (PFS), which was statistically different in training cohorts (P < 0.001 for OS, 0.012 for PFS) and validation cohorts (P = 0.01 for OS, < 0.001 for PFS). The NTRS provided a better assessment of durable clinical benefit (DCB) compared to PD-L1 expression (P = 0.009 vs. 0.232 in training cohort; P = 0.004 vs. 0.434 in validation cohort). NTRS may help improve prognosis stratification of patients receiving ICIs in first-line NSCLC and may be combined with tumor-related parameters.