bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pornografi dan Pornoaksi Dalam Perspektif Al-Qur'an
Authors: Chirzin Muhammad
Published: April 2019

Porn or pornography is a treatment of obscene subjects in writing, pictures, mails, etc. Nowadays pornography and porno action have spread throughout the country and caused many moral and familial problems, such as illicit sexuality, infidelity and rape. With regard to porn issues, Qur'anic verses say to the believing men and women that they should lower their gaze and guard their modesty, that they should not display their beauty and ornaments except what ordinarily appear thereof. The believing women should draw their veils over their bosoms and not display their beauty except to their husbands, their fathers or young children who have no attraction of sexual engagement. The rule of modesty applies to men as well as women. A brazen stare by a man at a woman is a breach of refined manners. Where sexual engagement is concerned modesty is not only a good concept of expression, but also in creating balance between protecting the weaker sex and guarding the spirit of the stronger sex. Modesty is equally important for both men and women. Nevertheless the scripture requires that women should be given a greater amount of privacy, especially in terms of dress code, i.e. covering the bosom, than men on the account of sexual specificity and social context.
Legalisasi RUU Anti Pornografi dan Pornoaksi Dalam Perspektif Strategi Dakwah
Authors: Sahlan Muhammad
Published: April 2019

RUU Anti Pornography and Pomoaksi still in course of solution in DPR. At the same time many respon from various society component, both for pros and also counter. Have to be confessed that problem of pornography and pomoaksi not solely social problem, more than that - in eye glasses missionize also represent the religious problem. As nation which its resident majority Moslem people, have become the obligation for the "nahi of munkar" by following to support to ratifying of the RUU till become UU. This article study the process legalize the RUU of Pornography and Pomoaksi in perpective of dakwah strategy. In perpective of dakwah strategy, if the RUU become a I.aw so that have the consequence punish, hence pornography and pomoaksi will lose from circulation, doing an injustice of kesusilaan will decrease, standing and prestige of woman clan not flatter the, behavior, moral and personality of Indonesian nation will be saved. Though have to be confessed that the RUU still many insuffiency, among others not yet fair in seeing relationship of men and woman.
Perempuan Dalam Kungkungan Kapitalisme (Book Review)
Authors: Amiruddin Ach. Baidowi
Published: April 2019

Judul : Jerat Kapitalisme atas PerempuanPenulis : C.Y. Marselina NopePenerbit : Resist Book YogyakartaEdisi : 2005Tebal : 195 him + xi (termasuk indeks)
Pornografi, Remaja, dan Pendidikan Seks Dalam Islam
Authors: Dawam Ainurrafiq
Published: April 2019

Today the most popular infonnation for Indonesians is about pornography. In general, attitudes toward pornography can be classified into four major perspectives: conservative, feminist, postmodernist, and liberal. For adolescents pornography is a new world after they leave their childhood, and they should be protected from the hazard of pornography. They must be equipped with good knowledge and strong faith to Allah. One of the many ways of preventing teenagers from being negatively affected by pornography is education, especially providing sex education from an Islamic perspective. Historically there were subjects on sexuality in Islamic scholarship. This article aims at describing trends of adolescents' attitudes toward pornography, and proposes a concept of sex education in an Islam perspective in order to free them from negative impacts of pornography.
Teologi Menstruasi: Antara Mitologi dan Kitab Suci
Authors: Umar Nasaruddin
Published: April 2019

Menstruation - called haid in Islamic fiqh, is not seen as merely physical, biological function of women's bodies. According to most traditional societies, this very exclusive women's experience is apparently perceived to be a symbol signifying specific meaning and myth. Unsurprisingly almost all societies have conceptualized what so called menstrual taboo in an anthropological tradition within their cultural systems. One of the major implications of these ideas of menstrual taboos is the emergence of devices signifying the event of menstruation, such as cosmetics, high heel footwear, and jilbab. Another significant impact is the restriction of women's social role and engagement. This article is addressing these two mythical and social implications of menstrual taboos and compare them with Islamic doctrines of haid.
Dari Mitos Menstrual Taboo Ke Dunia Kecantikan dan Fashion
Authors: Yuswati Yuswati
Published: April 2019

Menstrual Taboo is a never ending phenomenon. We can study about it from different points of view: medical, psychological, anthropological, mythological, theological as well as ideological perspectives. Talking about the popular myth of menstrual taboo, there are "evil eyes", "huts" etc, that protect women in her monthly period. Right now, the myth of menstrual taboo has deviated into the farms of menstrual creations such as the present of cosmetology like Kohl, eye liner, shoes and fashion. Jilbab, as a code of women's dress has actually been widely practiced far before emergence of Islam. Nevertheless, when Islam come to be spread, jilbab was associated with several superstitions, one of them is menstrual taboo. In the last ten years, Jilbab for teenagers and young women has been "booming in Indonesia. Many schools from elementary to university, and governmental offices as w~U have made jilbab as part of their official uniforms.
Membongkar Mitosmenstruai Taboo (Kajian Tafsir Tematik Pendekatan Hermeneutik)
Authors: Mustaqim Abdul
Published: April 2019

The concept of menstruation has both theological and mythological meanings, and is usually perceived with negativity. Such construction is partly caused by the transmission of Isra'iliyyat ideas in the Qur'anic exegesis books without any criticism. There[ore it is necessary for Muslims to deconstruct the misogynist mythologies of menstruation (haid), and then re-mrerprez it using the theological perspective as stated in Qur'anic verses dealing with the issues. By applying a thematic-hermeneutical method and historical approach to analyze the concept of menstruation in the Qur'an, this present study concludes that it has more humanistic view to menstruating women than those offered by the Jewish and Christian traditions. Al-Qur'an requires Muslims to be moderate in giving treatment to menstruating women. There are at least three main issues of menstruation addressed in the Qur'an. Firstly, issue concerning with the ways Muslims must treat their women when they menstruate. Secondly, problems related to 'iddah (women's time to wait before entering a new marriage after divorce), and the last is the idea of the obligation for menstruating women to wear jilbab.
Wali as an Agent of Women in Islamic Marriage Law: Maliki School as a Basis for Reinterpretation
Authors: Lukito Ratno
Published: April 2019

Artikel ini menkusikan masalah wali nikah, khususnya menurut mazhab Maliki. Apabila dicermati, wali nikah, yang hatus laki-laki, daiam parulangan mazhab Maliki ini pada dasamya tidak dimaksudkan mensubordinasi otonomi dan hak perempuan, karena secara tegas mereka menyatakan bahwa wali tidak harus bapak atau keluarga laki-laki, tetapi calon mempelai perempuan dapat juga menyerahkan perwaliannya kepada hakim, apabila wali menolak untuk  menikahkannya. Karena itu, fungsi wali nikah dalam mazhab Maliki adalah lebih sebagai wakil (agent) dari calon mempelai perempuan untuk memastikan terwujudnya tujuan perlawinan. Adanya konsep wali nikah daiam mazhab Maliki, dengan demikian, pada dasamya diformulasi untuk membantu calon mempelai, baik laki-laki maupun perempuan, untuk mendapatkan perkawinan yang bahagia, tentu saja dengan cara yang sesuai dengan konteks ketika itu. Dengan perkembangan masyarakat dan bentuk keluarga saat ini, masalah perwalian daiam nikah ini perlu direinterpretasi sesuai dengan konteks masa sekarang, dan reinterpretasi tersebut bisa berangkat dari ide dasar dan nilai yang terkandung dari konsep wali nikah mazhab Maliki ini.
Mengikis Arogansi Sains Yang Androsentris dan Mengembangkan Sains Yang Berperspektif Gender (Book Review)
Authors: Syamsiyatun Siti
Published: April 2019

Judul : Whose Science? Whose Krwwledge? Thinking from Women's LivesPenulis : Sandra HardingPenerbit : Cornell University Press, IthacaCetakan : Pertama, 1991Tebal : xii + 319 halaman
Islam, Pendidikan dan Perempuan
Authors: Ainurrafiq Ainurrafiq
Published: April 2019

The most important woman's right according to Islam is the right for education. The history shows that Islam came to deconstruct the culture of Dark Age society: the culture that discriminated women and did not take into account the rights of women including women's educational right. Islam, then, gives women and men the same dignity and access to knowledge. The dignity in Islam is not determined by one's prosperity, physical measurement, or public recognition. It is determined solely by one's piety. In the context of Indonesia, R.A. Kartini's assertion concerning the urgency of education for women is valuable. She affirms: "the intelligence of people in this country (Indonesia) will not be significantly increasing if women are left behind: women are the caregivers of civilization, How could women as the mother of this country educate the children if they are not uneducated?"
Gender Mainstreaming Dalam Kurikulum Mata Kuliah Agama Islam di PTN & PTS di Yogyakarta
Authors: Suryadilaga Muhammad Alfatih , Yusuf M. , Rofiq Ahmad
Published: April 2019

Equality for women is a fundamental problem in education. There is, in fact, a gap between women and men. The Department of National Education of Indonesia, therefore, makes an effort to decrease the gap through what so-coll gender mainstreaming. This article is to investigate gender mainstreaming program in higher educational Institutions, particularly in Yogyakarta. To have an adequate picture of gender mainstreaming program, UGM and UNY are selected to represent the state higher educational Institutions, while UII and UPN are as the sample of the private ones. The subject matter of Islamic religion is elected due to its contents that still include gender bias. The reality indicates that the available curriculum of Islamic religion in both State Islamic Higher Education and Private Higher education is not inclusive gender yet, in terms of contents, illustrations or sentences used to explain the contents. The model of learning and teaching, more over, is also still not responsive gender, particularly because the teachers or lecturers who deliver the subject have no gender perspective or sensitivity, although they have deep understanding of Islamic spirit that promotes gender equality.
Spiritualitas Perempuan Dalam Al-Qur'an
Authors: Mustaqim Abdul
Published: April 2019

The study of women's spirituality is one of the interesting themes in gender issues as it provokes controversies. There are doubting questions and negative perception about women's spirituality. There are subtle mixtures between mythology and theological argument that portray women's failure to attain spiritual power. By referring to the Qur'an, -the ultimate source of values for Muslims, by way of employing thematic methods of interpretation, the author argues that contrary to the negative image spread about women's spirituality, the Qur'an states that women and men have been bestowed equal potency to cultivate their utmost spirituality and appreciate them for maintaining and improving their spiritual purity and strength. The Qur'an highlights good stories about women's spirtuality; how their participation in advancing spiritual values is significant to build peaceful civilization based on belief in Unity of God, good deeds and belief in the Hereafter. Furthermore, the author points out that negative images of women's spirituality have root from hadits which are textually and partially understood, as well as mixed and coloured with stories from biblical mythology.
Pembacaan Ulang Terhadap Imamah Sholat Perempuan
Authors: Najwah Nurun
Published: April 2019

The debates over the degree of authority belong to women have been heavily developed on the ground of religious discourse. One of the most ctusial points is the leadership of women in mixed congregation where women and men are aprticipating in the prayers. The majority of Muslim scholars consider that women leadership in mixed congregation is out of question of contextulization reasoning of religious precept. On the one hand, the presence of Muhammad as the Prophet who conveyed the divine revelation has been seen as improving the status of women and their space as so equal to men as shoum clearly in surat An-Niso' (4): 124. On the other hand, however, there are also verses that claimed by scholars, which reduce women's rights, and there are also scholars who have denied women's access and rights to compete with men in good deeds (fastabiqul khairat). This article is specifically addressing and arguing for reinterpreting the right of women to lead mixed congregated prayers by ways of integrating dialectic discourse of Qur'anic verses and prophetic examplary actions.
Semangat Feminisme Dalam Pengalaman Spiritual Rabi'ah Al-'Adawiyah
Authors: Affan Mohammad
Published: April 2019

Sufism (tasawwuf) states strongly the equity of human beings: men and women. Existinggender differences do not hinder the spiritual achievement of men and women because spirituality connotes universal meaning free from any particular gender identity. Spirituality concerns eternal life and values, whereas gender identity is a profane affairs and consituting a wordly life. In this light, although men and women assume different gender role in their worldly life, both of them have same potency to achieve the highest spiritual experience and gain ascetic happiness. Sufis doctrine celebrates oneness without any individuality. The history of sufism witnessed the effifacy of women to the top highest state of spirituality. Rabi'ah Al-Adawiyah was the phenomenal example of one who initiated the concept of mahabbatullah in its holistic meaning. Through her concept of hubb (love) Rabi'ah reached the highest spiritual maqam (state) in sufis ranks, higher than other sufis could reach at her time. The achievement of Rabi'ah to the ultimate stage of spirituality through her notion of mahabbah is a clear and firrn proof that spirituality never requires particular gender identity; both women and men have equal potency and opportunity to attain or experience such ultimate encounter with spirituality.
Kesaksian Wanita Dalam Perspektif Hukum Islam dan Hukum Positif di Indonesia
Authors: Mahfiana Layyin
Published: April 2019

The concept of female witness can be seen in two perspectives: first from the Islamic law, and second from a positive law. In the perspective of mainstream Islamic law, most Muslim scholars favor for not giving equal status and rights for women with that of men in acting as witnesses. The inequality is found in the number of male!female witnesses. A male alone can be a witness, while for female needs to be at least two women in order to make their witnesses legally sound. In the Indonesian positive law however, such distinction of number requirement is not found, and therefore a male and or a female can be a witness.
Mengkritisi Hadis-Hadis Tentang Usia Pernikahan Aisyah
Authors: Rahmah Wahyuni Shifatur
Published: April 2019

Muslim scholars disagree as how old lady Aisyah was when she married Prophet Muhammad. One of the popular records reported by Hisyam bin Urwah says that she was about 6 and 9 years old. However, more recent careful study of hadits shows that the Hisyam bin Urwah's version of report is contradictory with other available reports, and therefore the validity of the hadits is in doubt. Nonetheless it is both interesting and strange to see how the hadits has been used as a valid argument by opponents of Islam to destroy the image of the Prophet and Islamic teaching in general, and even by Muslims themselves to justify their interests to take advantages of marrying young girls. This paper aims at reexamining the aunthenticity and validity of the hadits reported by Hisyam bin Urwah regarding the marriage lady Aisyah with Prophet Muhammad.
Kesadaran Sosial Dari Sekolah Menuju Kebangkitan Kembali Wanita Indonesia
Authors: Sukasih Sukasih
Published: April 2019

Social consciousness can be from the social science learning by using ways portraying the consciousness of society individuals, culture experience and the development of student personality. By using the consciousness of the personality the students of social science education get values and democracy attitude so that it can develop good citizens. Good citizens have their own responsibility, human rights and the same opportunity between men and women. The social science education to examine social change begins from the accepted postulate that changes constitute inseparable parts in the human Zife constantly. The direct and indirect changes in thought, student attitude towards gender equality constitutes changing process developed through the social science education. The social science education develops the social consciousness of students at schools to the reawakening of Indonesian women in the changing process constantly since the school gets the materials of equality and human rights.
Islam Puritan dan Islam Moderat (Pembacaan Terhadap Kedudukan Perempuan)
Authors: Munawir Munawir
Published: April 2019

The Moslem extremist -with the spirit of return to pure Islam- takes the Prophet and sahabat's period as the true Islam that oftenly they doesn't care about living Islam, in present or future. In Islamic thought spectntm, they are minority against Moslem majority. However, supporting by affluence fund, they dare shooting in the name of Gad's representative and then use many harshness on people they consider as Gad's enemy. This paper will explain about Moslem extremist appearance against Moslem moderate on women's issues.
La Sentencia del Tribunal Constitucional sobre el matrimonio entre personas del mismo sexo: ¿una nueva forma de interpretar el Derecho y los derechos en España?
Authors: Montalvo Jääskeläinen Federico de
Published: April 2019

En 2012 el Tribunal Constitucional resolvió el recurso de inconstitucionalidad frente a la Ley por la que se reconocía en nuestro sistema jurídico el derecho a contraer matrimonio a las personas del mismo sexo. Dicha Sentencia ha tenido un gran impacto en nuestro sistema constitucional que va más allá de lo que fue, stricto sensu, el objeto de debate (el concepto de matrimonio), proponiendo una nueva forma de interpretar los derechos que puede suponer que nos encontramos ya ante un nuevo Tribunal Constitucional que hace de su función constitucional una verdadera expresión de activismo judicial. En este trabajo analizamos si realmente ello es así y los efectos ad futurum de dicha sentencia en nuestro sistema constitucional de derechos y libertades.
¿Cómo se han vivido estas transformaciones? ¿Qué queda por hacer?
Authors: Dirección Equipo de
Published: April 2019

Este artículo recoge las opiniones que nos han dado a través de una encuesta diversos expertos de varias instituciones, universidad y empresas con respecto a los principales cambios que se han producido en el mundo de la Economía, la Empresa y el Derecho en los últimos años y las transformaciones que habrá que abordar en el futuro más inmediato.
Los derechos de explotación del contenido audiovisual y la entrada de las plataformas Over The Top (OTT): estudio caso Netflix
Authors: Bianco María Fernanda
Published: April 2019

El mercado de la industria audiovisual tradicional, y el comercio internacional de los productos que de ella se derivan, se ha visto afectado por el nuevo modelo de negocio que ofrecen las compañías de contenido «Over The Top» (OTT), las cuales reducen cada vez más los intermediarios de distribución y ponen el acento en una mayor flexibilidad para el consumidor. Las plataformas OTT se consolidan, asimismo, a través de la generación de su propio contenido, en la que los creativos poseen más libertad. Este trabajo se cuestiona si verdaderamente se ofrece un nuevo modelo de negocio frente al comercio tradicional de derechos de explotación de contenido audiovisual, cómo las OTT hoy permean –o no– en distintas regiones y, además, se abre la pregunta sobre la importancia de la inversión en la producción de contenido audiovisual original de alto nivel en este modelo de negocio.
La industria bancaria española frente a los nuevos modelos de negocio «Fintech». ¿Competencia, colaboración o integración? «fintegration»
Authors: Cea Ignacio
Published: April 2019

El sector bancario está en un proceso continuo de transformación que no deja de ser un reflejo de los cambios profundos que se están produciendo en la sociedad como consecuencia de las nuevas tecnologías. Hoy los bancos están en lucha por el cliente no solo con otros bancos, sino con todo tipo de «no-bancos» que desarrollan los modelos de negocio FinTech. En este contexto de transformación digital planetaria, no solo actúan exclusivamente startups , sino las grandes tecnológicas (como las denominadas «GAFAs»), las Telecos o los grandes retailers que deciden desarrollar productos y servicios financieros, conformando una nueva competencia en los modelos de negocio FinTech. Analizaremos en este artículo la reacción de la industria bancaria ante la irrupción de estos nuevos servicios y estos nuevos competidores: cómo debe abordarse los nuevos modelos de negocio sin ignorar los objetivos de eficiencia y rentabilidad, cuáles serán realmente viables, cuándo debe establecerse la colaboración con las compañías que pueden desarrollarlos («fintegration»), o cuándo procede como única alternativa la pura competencia. Para concluir plantearemos las líneas generales de la estrategia planteada por Bankia en este nuevo contexto representadas por su participación en el Fintech Hub Insomnia y la startup Nettit.
España, análisis de una realidad: la economía española entre 1850 y 2015
Authors: Guarner Calaf Catalina
Published: April 2019

Todo modelo económico debe ir acompañado de la aplicación de políticas socio-económicas con el fin de contribuir a la prosperidad del Estado. España, entre 1850 y 2015 ha encadenado una serie de periodos de bonanza seguidos por desestabilizaciones derivadas de la búsqueda de un crecimiento basado en modos de hacer con grandes problemas estructurales. La falta de inversión suficiente en la industrialización del sistema productivo desde 1850, sustituida por el desarrollo de actividades poco competitivas ha desembocado en el contexto actual, en el que España, marcada por un modelo obsoleto debe buscar un cambio sistémico.
La Vulnerabilidad Energética y el Bono Social
Authors: González González Pedro , Martínez del Barrio Ignacio
Published: April 2019

Partiendo de la perspectiva de la protección a los consumidores vulnerables en la Unión Europea para enmarcar las medidas adoptadas en España, el artículo analiza la experiencia del bono social y los problemas que plantean los cambios regulatorios recientemente decididos por el legislador.
La pobreza energética en España: su delimitación competencial
Authors: García Blanco María Luisa , Salama Salama Isaac
Published: April 2019

En este artículo se analiza la distribución competencial en materia de pobreza energética entre el Estado y las Comunidades Autónomas a la luz de la jurisprudencia del Tribunal Constitucional.
«Reconciliación preventiva» desde el derecho al buen trato: liderar la transformación de conflictos desde la siguiente generación
Authors: Martínez García Clara , López Pérez Elías
Published: April 2019

«Reconciliación preventiva» es el proceso de restablecimiento de relaciones justas motivado por el vínculo de amor de padres y madres hacia hijos e hijas y viceversa. Es este vínculo de amor intergeneracional lo que más ayuda a prevenir injusticias, salir del círculo de la violencia y promover una paz positiva. La reconciliación preventiva implica ir más allá de la prevención del mal trato hacia la promoción del buen trato: sostener proactivamente una paz positiva que proteja y cuide al niño de modo integral en todas sus necesidades. Por tanto, la ausencia de mal trato no es el «buen trato» y la reconciliación preventiva implica una y otro. El derecho al buen trato fundamentado en la dignidad de la persona (a nuestro juicio, el buen trato encuentra fundamento en la Convención del Niño) es el marco dentro del cual debemos entender la reconciliación preventiva como ejercicio en el que los niños y niñas, no solo los adultos, juegan un papel proactivo.
Estudio comparado del reconocimiento jurídico de los pueblos indígenas y sus derechos en América Latina y el Sudeste Asiático
Authors: Gálvez Castrillo Laura
Published: April 2019

El presente trabajo pretende realizar un análisis comparativo de los diversos factores que explican los enormes avances logrados en el conjunto de América Latina respecto del reconocimiento jurídico de los pueblos indígenas y sus derechos y las razones que, por el contrario, no han permitido que este proceso de reconocimiento arranque con la misma fuerza en el Sudeste Asiático. Los principales factores analizados para realizar este diagnóstico son: a) los procesos históricos de colonización, descolonización, conformación de los Estados modernos y los sistemas filosófico-políticos de cada región, y b) su grado de integración en los organismos regionales e internacionales sobre derechos humanos, así como la capacidad de cada organización para influir sobre esta materia en las legislaciones nacionales. Este análisis resulta fundamental a la hora de conformar y adoptar estrategias encaminadas a reorientar aquellas políticas y legislaciones que, hasta la fecha, no reconocen ni protegen a estos pueblos.
Acerca de la igualdad de oportunidades en la libre competencia entre partidos. El caso de la democracia española
Authors: Alguacil González-Aurioles Jorge
Published: April 2019

Para que los partidos políticos puedan cumplir las trascendentales funciones que les asigna nuestra actual democracia constitucional, la doctrina alemana desde muy temprano entendió que su regulación jurídica debía estar modelada por cuatro principios: la libertad («Freiheit»), la igualdad («Gleichheit»), la publicidad («Öffentlichkeit») y la democracia interna («Interne Demokratie»). La importancia del principio de igualdad se proyecta en la relación entre partidos, debiendo asegurar que éstos sean tratados por igual; y que en la competición electoral rija de forma real y efectiva la igualdad de oportunidades. Para ello, cabe concebir el Derecho de Partidos como derecho de libre competencia entre partidos, y entender que el Tribunal Constitucional, como órgano constitucional, debe desplegar un papel central en la garantía de tal igualdad. No obstante, en el Derecho español existen elementos que restringen tal igualdad de oportunidades, y el Tribunal Constitucional español no ha desplegado un especial control sobre el legislador para asegurar tal igualdad. Las restricciones a la igualdad deben ser objeto de censura y el papel del Tribunal Constitucional español podría ser revalorizado. Cabe en cualquier caso plantear ciertas propuestas de reforma, que son debidamente analizadas.
Influencia de la macroeconomía en los mercados financieros
Authors: Magán Ayuso Rosa
Published: April 2019

En la literatura financiera, la relación entre la evolución de los índices bursátiles y las variables macroeconómicas se aborda a partir del estudio de los modelos de valoración de activos financieros. En este trabajo se analizan los resultados principales obtenidos por la evidencia empírica en este campo, partiendo del modelo Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM), cuyo desarrollo dará lugar a la Arbitrage Pricing Theory (APT) y su desglose posterior en los modelos multifactoriales de valoración de activos con variables macroeconómicas definidas a priori.
Pairs trading, cómo gestionar una anomalía del mercado
Authors: Mazo Fajardo M.ª Luisa , Vaquero Lafuente M.ª Esther
Published: April 2019

Este artículo profundiza en el marco teórico y empírico de la estrategia pairs trading. Dicha estrategia muestra que el mercado no es eficiente ya que se puede batir al mercado. En este artículo se hará una revisión del modelo teórico que conforma esta estrategia, para luego pasar a estudiar las dos principales técnicas que utiliza: método de la distancia y la cointegración. Por último, se hace una reflexión sobre qué fundamenta que se obtenga una rentabilidad superior a la del mercado, vinculándolo con las finanzas conductuales (behavioral finance).
Experiencias y reflexiones. El anunciado impuesto español sobre transacciones financieras
Authors: Castillo Espinosa Antonio
Published: April 2019

El pasado 11 de octubre el Gobierno español y el grupo parlamentario federal de Unidos Podemos –En comú–y– En marea rubricaron un acuerdo de presupuestos que, entre otras medidas, sienta las bases para el establecimiento de un nuevo impuesto sobre transacciones financieras. Conviene señalar que, pese a estar dicha figura impositiva incardinada en dicho documento bajo el epígrafe de «Nueva fiscalidad», la idea no es nueva. En 2011 la Comisión Europea presentó una propuesta de Directiva relativa a un impuesto sobre transacciones financieras (sustituida en 2013 por el mecanismo de cooperación reforzada) y en 2012 Francia e Italia promulgaron sus propios impuestos domésticos. Por ello, y a la vista del reciente anuncio, en el presente documento se esbozan someramente algunas apreciaciones sobre la justificación de dicho impuesto, sus similitudes y diferencias con otras normas propuestas o en vigor de nuestro entorno, la recaudación estimada y el potencial impacto en los ciudadanos como inversores particulares, todo a la luz de la literatura existente, de la propuesta de Directiva y de los impuestos francés e italiano.
Microbial mediation of textures and minerals – terrestrial or parent body processes?
Authors: Polgári Márta , Gyollai Ildikó , Bérczi Szaniszló , Veres Miklós , Gucsik Arnold , Elemér Pál-Molnár
Published: April 2019

Evolution of chondritic parent body is influenced by thermal, impact metamorphism and aqueous alteration, studied in Mező-Madaras, Knyahinya, Mócs and Nyírábrány in aspect of high resolution in situ textural, mineralogical and organic geochemical characteristics, using optical microscopy, FTIR-ATR and Raman spectroscopy. Our observations focused on Fe-containing opaque grains, glass, olivines and pyroxenes, which were well populated by micrometer-sized microbial filamentous elements in their boundary region within matrix and inside the minerals resembling mineralized microbially produced textures (MMPT), affecting 70-80 vol% of samples. In MMPT iron oxides (ferrihydrite, goethite), olivine, montmorillonite, kandite minerals and various hydrocarbon compounds were identified.

(1) Data confirmed dense and invasive terrestrial microbially mediated contamination in the chondrites, supported by microtexture, micromineralogy and embedded organic compounds. As the classical transformation processes are supposed nowadays to have been happened on the parent bodies, a contradiction arose: how could it be that these classical products are manifested in microbially mediated texture?

(2) Based on terrestrial analogies, microbial mediation is a sudden process comparing to geological times, very ancient, widespread and occur in various environments under determined conditions. It can consume previous and also produce new minerals. After formation, MMPT can survive billions of years proposing occurrence on parent bodies.
Berezin number inequalities for operators
Authors: Bakherad Mojtaba , Garayev Mubariz T.
Published: April 2019

The Berezin transform Ã of an operator A, acting on the reproducing kernel Hilbert space ℋ = ℋ (Ω) over some (non-empty) set Ω, is defined by Ã(λ) = 〉Aǩ λ, ǩ λ〈 (λ ∈ Ω), where

${\mathord{\buildrel{\lower3pt\hbox{$\scriptscriptstyle\frown$}}\over k} _\lambda } = {{{k_\lambda }} \over {\left\| {{k_\lambda }} \right\|}}$

is the normalized reproducing kernel of ℋ. The Berezin number of an operator A is defined by

${\bf{ber}}{\rm{(}}A) = \mathop {\sup }\limits_{\lambda \in \Omega } \left| {\tilde A(\lambda )} \right| = \mathop {\sup }\limits_{\lambda \in \Omega } \left| {\left\langle {A{{\mathord{\buildrel{\lower3pt\hbox{$\scriptscriptstyle\frown$}}\over k} }_\lambda },{{\mathord{\buildrel{\lower3pt\hbox{$\scriptscriptstyle\frown$}}\over k} }_\lambda }} \right\rangle } \right|$

. In this paper, we prove some Berezin number inequalities. Among other inequalities, it is shown that if A, B, X are bounded linear operators on a Hilbert space ℋ, then

$${\bf{ber}}(AX \pm XA) \leqslant {\bf{be}}{{\bf{r}}^{{1 \over 2}}}\left( {A*A + AA*} \right){\bf{be}}{{\bf{r}}^{{1 \over 2}}}\left( {X*X + XX*} \right)$$

and

$${\bf{be}}{{\bf{r}}^2}({A^*}XB) \leqslant {\left\| X \right\|^2}{\bf{ber}}({A^*}A){\bf{ber}}({B^*}B).$$

We also prove the multiplicative inequality

$${\bf{ber}}(AB){\bf{ber}}(A){\bf{ber}}(B)$$
The effect of glossing on incidental vocabulary acquisition in the learning of Chinese as a second language
Authors: He Xiaoling
Published: April 2019

Research on L2 vocabulary acquisition shows that under the right conditions, incidental learning can take place through reading. It is also known that the likelihood of such learning can be enhanced through effective instructional intervention, mainly in the form of reading glosses. Compared to English and other European languages, relatively little is known about glossing and vocabulary acquisition in the context of Chinese as a second language. In this study, we focus on incidental vocabulary acquisition in Chinese and investigate the relative effectiveness of three kinds of glosses: paper-based glosses (PB); e-dictionary glosses (ED), Pop-up glosses (PD). As a related issue, we also consider whether there are differences in learning style and learning preferences between adult learners and teenage learners with specific reference their use of different kinds of glosses. Regarding the effectiveness of different kinds of glossing, it is found that glossing (of different varieties) is generally useful in bringing about some positive outcome. While no significant differences were found generally between different kinds of glosses, it is found that paper-based glosses performed at least as well as CLL-based ones for the adult learners. Adult learners also differ from the younger group in long-term retention rates. Several possible reasons are offered to explain these differences which relate to the learning styles and preferences of different age groups.
海峡两岸连词 “并” 对比分析
Authors: 吉力 刘
Published: April 2019

对比考察两岸连词 “并”，台湾 “并” 连接分句时其前出现成分，“并” 连接句子和段落，这些用法或功能大陆 “并” 基本都不具备，而代之以 “还” 或 “并且” 等；台湾 “并” “还” 存在纠葛，大陆 “并” “还” 分工更为明确。历时考察显示，台湾 “并” 与早期现代汉语用法较为接近，而大陆 “并” 经过语言规范化，和早期现代汉语距离较远。两岸 “并” 的差异与两岸语言的风格差异相适应，它可作为同一语言现象在不同社会环境的不同语文政策及社会语用条件下不同发展的一个样本。
试论华语语音教学系统的构建及实施
Authors: 宏 祝 晓
Published: April 2019

华语教学应该有自己的语音教学系统。本文论证面向海外华侨华裔的华语语音教学系统的构建设想和实施方案。首先，回顾国内外汉语语音教学研究，比较了 “简化系统” 和 “普通话系统” 两类观点，并从全球英语传播和国际通用英语语音教学的主流观点得到启示。其次，考察两岸四地 50 部华语语音教材和综合教材的语音部分，分析其语音教学内容共性和差异。第三部分，提出我们的基本设想，即简化华语语音教学系统及其基本构成；随后讨论简化的方向和重点，包括 “儿化不必教论” 和 “轻声不必教论”。主要从交际价值、身份认同和语言经济学等角度论证 “儿化” “轻声” 无须纳入华语语音教学系统。最后，讨论了简化语音教学系统在实践中需要注意的问题。
Zwischen Eroberungskrieg und Präventivschlag? Neue Perspektiven zu den Perserkriegen und ihren Voraussetzungen
Authors: Schulz Raimund
Published: April 2019

Der Aufsatz sucht die Voraussetzungen und Ursachen der Perserkriege zu ergründen. Er setzt sich dabei auch mit jüngeren Thesen auseinander, wonach die Perser einen Präventivschlag gegen ein seit Themistokles zur See aufrüstendes Athen geführt hätten. Tatsächlich erweist sich weder dieses noch das alte Konzept, wonach die Perser unter Dareios oder unter Xerxes im Rahmen ihres Weltmachtstrebens ganz Griechenland erobern wollten, als tragfähig. Die Außenpolitik Athens sowie die anderer isonomer Poleis war bereits im sechsten Jahrhundert durch einen aggressiven Zug geprägt, der sich auf die Nordägäis richtete sowie schon vor Themistokles Kriegsflotten miteinschloss. Die Teilnahme am Ionischen Aufstand war folgerichtig und die Kriegszüge des Seebundes knüpften an diese Traditionen an. Dagegen musste Dareios zunächst das durch den Bürgerkrieg erschütterte Reich konsolidieren und seine Stellung als neuer Regent rechtfertigen. Seine Außenpolitik war fiskalischen und innenpolitisch-ideologischen Zwängen unterworfen. Sie führte nach dem Ausbau der Flotte zur Angliederung des rohstoffreichen Thrakien und zielte auf eine persisch kontrollierte Ägäis, schloss aber keineswegs zwangsläufig die Eroberung der griechischen Halbinsel mit ein. Im Gegensatz zu den griechischen Isonomien stand die Sicherung des Erreichten im Zentrum der persischen Herrschaftsauffassung. Deshalb mussten Dareios und Xerxes auf die Aggression der Athener Isonomie reagieren, die den Plan einer persischen Ägäis und die Sicherheit ihres Reichsgebietes in Kleinasien gefährdete. So prallten seit Ende des sechsten Jahrhunderts zwei völlig unterschiedliche politische Systeme aufeinander und lösten einen Krieg aus, der diplomatisch nicht einzudämmen war.
„Culto della romanità“ in einer Grenzregion des faschistischen Italien. Der (Sonder-)Fall Südtirol/Alto Adige
Authors: Strobl Wolfgang
Published: April 2019

Nachdem Südtirol im Jahr 1919 im Pariser Friedensvertrag Italien zugeschlagen worden war, sah sich der Nationalstaat vor das Problem gestellt, eine sprachlich und kulturell andersartige Bevölkerungsgruppe in den Staatsverband zu integrieren. Nach der Machtergreifung Mussolinis, als der Nationalismus Teil der Staatsideologie wurde, startete das Regime gegenüber der österreichischen Minderheit eine radikale Italianisierungs- und Assimilierungspolitik. In dem Bemühen, die italienische (oder vielmehr faschistische) Herrschaft zu legitimieren und mitunter auch zu inszenieren, bediente man sich der römischen Geschichte und der in dieser Region aufgefundenen römischen Denkmäler. Über die Reaktivierung der historischen Erinnerung ließ sich an den Glanz und an die Größe des römischen Imperiums anknüpfen, der Anspruch auf das Land rechtfertigen und die faschistische Präsenz als Ergebnis der Rückkehr in ein angestammtes Herrschaftsgebiet deuten. Durch die besondere Hervorhebung der militärischen und zivilisatorischen Leistungen der Römer, etwa im Straßen-, Brücken-, und Hausbau, und durch die Betonung einer realen und ideellen Kontinuität zwischen dem römischen und faschistischen Imperium sollte in einer analogen Spiegelung auch die eigene Superiorität erwiesen werden. Die Anbindung der Region an die nationale Geschichte und an die nationalen Institutionen war besonders dem Irredentisten und Nationalisten Ettore Tolomei, der in seiner vielfältigen Propagandatätigkeit immer wieder und auf verschiedene Weise die römische Geschichte bemühte, ein zentrales Anliegen. Aber auch zahlreiche Archäologen, Architekten, Ingenieure, Künstler, Journalisten und Lehrer leisteten im „Alto Adige“ einen Beitrag zur Belebung und Verbreitung des „mito di Roma“. Der Rom-Mythos in all seinen Ausformungen, der Glaube an den Primat und an die zivilisatorische Sendung Roms hat seine Wurzeln im italienischen Risorgimento. Im ersten Jahrzehnt des 20. Jahrhunderts greifen ihn nationalistische Gruppen und Parteien auf, so dass er leicht Eingang in die faschistische Ideologie finden konnte.

Diese großangelegte Instrumentalisierung und Manipulation der (römischen) Geschichte mit all ihrer leeren Rhetorik, mit all ihren Verzerrungen und Verfälschungen manifestiert sich in dieser nördlichsten Provinz des faschistischen Italien zwar häufig in ganz spezifischen Ausformungen, korreliert ingesamt aber strukturell und ideologisch sehr eng mit dem auf nationaler Ebene intensiv betriebenen „culto della romanità“. Und hier wie da hatte dieser auch zur Stiftung von Identität beizutragen.
A brief study on the knowledge and choice of contraception methods in married adolescent girls
Authors: Dut Raziye , Al Ragıp Atakan
Published: April 2019

Introduction

The fertility rate is 0.25% for 15–19-year-old girls and 16% for 19-year-old girls who are mothers or pregnant with their first child. Fifty-two percent of married adolescents did not have affective contraception. To encourage using the right contraceptive methods in married adolescents, it is essential to examine the behaviors of this group, the level of contraceptive knowledge and the choices they make regarding contraceptive use.

Materials and methods

One hundred and ten married adolescent females, less than 20 years of age, who visited a gynecology and obstetrics clinic between January 2015 and October 2016 were enrolled in this prospective study.

Results

Of them 96.4% were unemployed. At the time of the study, 70% of them were pregnant. Of these pregnancies, 46.4% was a first, 19.1% a second and 8.2% a third pregnancy. The abortion rate in this study was 18.3%, and stillbirth was 2.8%. The interval between pregnancies was 20.9 months. The unplanned pregnancy rate was 45.5% and 37.3% of these unplanned pregnancies resulted in at least one healthy child. The most common contraceptive method was the use of condoms (10.9%). Changes in contraceptive methods resulted in pregnancy in 66.7% of the cases. Although 20.9% of the husbands in the study used contraceptive methods, 40.9% of them felt that their husbands should be using contraception. Of the participants 43.5% received their knowledge regarding family planning and contraceptive methods from local health clinics.

Discussion

Teen marriage, pregnancy and teen parents result in socio-economic and educational difficulties. It is essential to support the adolescent parents using affective contraceptive methods and adolescent-friendly health clinics.
Coverage of and compliance to iron supplementation under the National Iron Plus Initiative among reproductive age-group women in urban Puducherry – a cross-sectional study
Authors: Gayathri Surendran , Manikandanesan Sakthivel , Venkatachalam Jayaseelan , Gokul Sarveswaran , Yashodha Arivarasan , Premarajan K. C.
Published: April 2019

Background

Anaemia is a global health problem and an important cause of morbidity in all age groups, especially among women and children. Various programmes have been implemented to combat anaemia in India and National Iron Plus Initiative (NIPI) is the latest programme to be implemented.

Aim

To ascertain the proportion of reproductive age women receiving iron supplementation under the NIPI and assess the compliance and factors hindering the implementation and compliance of the programme.

Materials and methods

A cross-sectional study was conducted among women of reproductive age (15–49 years) during November 2017. The participants were interviewed at their household using a pre-tested semi-structured questionnaire to obtain information on socio-demographic details, whether they were receiving iron supplements and compliance to the programme.

Results

Out of 302 study participants, only 138 (45.7%) were found to be receiving the supplements under the NIPI. The major source of iron supplementation was various health facilities (69.4%). Of those not receiving the tablets, 96.3% were non-pregnant non-lactating women. The proportion of study participants receiving iron supplementation through house visits by auxiliary nurse mid-wives (ANMs) was only 1.45%. Of the 138 women receiving supplementation, 85 (61%) were compliant with their medication. Compliance also tended to be higher among pregnant and lactating women. The most important reasons for non-compliance were adverse effects and forgetfulness. The presence of regular house visits by ANMs had a significant association with reception of tablets [prevalence ratio (PR)–1.43]. Pregnant women had a significant association with both reception (PR–2.19) and compliance (PR–1.8) with iron supplementation.

Conclusion

The current NIPI programme needs to be regularly evaluated to ensure its effective implementation. Importance should be given to non-pregnant non-lactating women to increase coverage among them.
The association between nutrition knowledge and adherence to a Mediterranean dietary pattern in Iranian female adolescents
Authors: Neshatbini Tehrani Asal , Farhadnejad Hossein , Salehpour Amin , Beyzai Bita , Hekmatdoost Azita , Rashidkhani Bahram
Published: April 2019

Background

Adherence to a Mediterranean dietary pattern (MDP) has been reported to decrease chronic diseases.

Objective

The aim of the present study was to determine the association between nutrition knowledge (NK) and adherence to MDP in Iranian female adolescents.

Subjects

This cross-sectional study was conducted on 297 female adolescents aged 15–18 years.

Methods

The participants were interviewed using a valid and structured questionnaire to collect information on socio-demographic, lifestyle and anthropometric variables. Dietary intakes were assessed using a validated 168-item Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ). Adherence to MDP was measured by the Mediterranean-Style Dietary Pattern Score (MSDPS). Each participant’s NK was determined using a 20-item NK questionnaire.

Results

The mean ± standard deviation (SD) age and body mass index (BMI) of participants were 16.1 ± 0.9 years and 22.3 ± 4.6 kg/m2, respectively. The median [interquartile range (IQR)] of the NK score and the MSDPS were 80.0 (68.0–87.0) and 15.2 (11.9–19.5), respectively. The odds ratio (OR) of higher adherence to MDP in the highest tertile of the NK score was 2.19 [95% confidence interval (CI): 1.22–3.95; p for trend = 0.009], compared to the lowest tertile after adjusting for age and energy intake. In a multivariable-adjusted model, after further adjustment for BMI, mother’s/father’s education level, mother’s/father’s employment status, parent’s marital status and physical activity, the subjects in the highest tertile of the NK score had higher adherence to MDP compared with those in the lowest tertile (OR = 2.05; 95% CI, 1.09–3.83; p for trend = 0.013).

Conclusion

Our findings support the hypothesis that a higher NK score is significantly associated with a higher MDP adherence score in Iranian female adolescents.
General Decay Synchronization for Fuzzy Cellular Neural Networks with Time-Varying Delays
Authors: Muhammadhaji Ahmadjan , Abdurahman Abdujelil
Published: April 2019

This paper studies the general decay synchronization (GDS) of a class of fuzzy cellular neural networks (FCNNs) with general activation functions and time-varying delays. By introducing suitable Lyapunov-Krasovskii functionals and employing useful inequality techniques, some novel criteria ensuring the GDS of considered FCNNs are established via a type of nonlinear control. In addition, two examples with numerical simulations are presented to illustrate the obtained theoretical results.