bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Carrier protein mediated cargo sensing in quorum signal synthases
Authors: Fischer Patrick D. , Chowdhury Abu Sayeed , Bartholow Thomas , Basu Shibani , Baggs Eric , Cox Huel S. , Matošin Srđan , Burkart Michael D. , Warner Lisa , Nagarajan Rajesh , Arthanari Haribabu
Published: November 2022

NMR studies reveal the molecular details on how the carrier protein-AHL synthase interaction interface promotes fidelity in quorum signal synthesis.
Adaptive protection for PEO-based solid electrolyte with chelation of triphenyl phosphite and LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2
Authors: Wang Nan , An Yong , Wang Shengping
Published: November 2022

Based on lone pairs of electrons of O and P in TPPi pairing with empty orbitals of Ni in LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2, the PEO-based SPE modified by TPPi has wide electrochemical window and LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2 exhibits excellent electrochemical performance.
Experimental evidence for the elusive ketohydroperoxide pathway and the formation of glyoxal in ethylene ozonolysis
Authors: Lewin Caroline Smith , Herbinet Olivier , Garcia Gustavo A. , Arnoux Philippe , Tran Luc-Sy , Vanhove Guillaume , Nahon Laurent , Battin-Leclerc Frédérique , Bourgalais Jérémy
Published: November 2022

Despite decades of research, an unambiguous kinetic network in ethylene ozonolysis remain elusive. This experimental work demonstrates that a substantial fraction of the primary ozonide leads to 2-hydroperoxyacetaldehyde which decomposes to glyoxal.
Electronic regulation of a core–shell NiSe2 catalyst by Co doping to accelerate hydrogen evolution
Authors: Xu Huakai , Lu Kebin , Jiang Chuanhai , Wei Xiaofei , Wang Zhifei , Ouyang Yuguo , Dai Fangna
Published: November 2022

A Co-doping core–shell shaped NiSe2 based catalyst (NixCo1−xSe2@NC) exhibits promising electrocatalytic activity for HER with a low overpotential of −143 mV at −10 mA cm−2, a small Tafel slope of 37.5 mV dec−1.
Correction: Hidden ordered structure in the archetypical Fe(pyrazine)[Pt(CN)4] spin-crossover porous coordination compound
Authors: Fernández-Blanco Ángel , Mariano Lorenzo A. , Piñeiro-López Lucía , Real José Antonio , Costa Jose Sanchez , Poloni Roberta , Rodríguez-Velamazán J. Alberto
Published: November 2022

Correction for ‘Hidden ordered structure in the archetypical Fe(pyrazine)[Pt(CN)4] spin-crossover porous coordination compound’ by Ángel Fernández-Blanco et al., CrystEngComm, 2022, 24, 6349–6356, https://doi.org/10.1039/D2CE00895E.
Probing the electronic relaxation pathways and photostability of the synthetic nucleobase Z via laser interfaced mass spectrometry
Authors: Whitaker William , Moncrieff Katya E. , Anstöter Cate S. , Wong Natalie G. K. , Berenbeim Jacob A. , Dessent Caroline E. H.
Published: November 2022

The photostability of synthetic (unnatural) nucleobases is important in establishing the integrity of new genetic alphabets, and critical for developing healthy semisynthetic organisms.
Structure-guided discovery of food-derived GABA-T inhibitors as hunters for anti-anxiety compounds
Authors: Liu Meng-Qi , Wang Tong , Wang Qin-Ling , Zhou Jie , Wang Bao-Rong , Zhang Bing , Wang Kun-Long , Zhu Hao , Zhang Ying-Hua
Published: November 2022

A rapid screening method for food-derived GABA-T inhibitors.
A review of biodegradable thermoplastic starches, their blends and composites: recent developments and opportunities for single-use plastic packaging alternatives
Authors: Surendren Aarsha , Mohanty Amar K. , Liu Qiang , Misra Manjusri
Published: November 2022

This review article effectively analyses the effect of multiple plasticizers, compatibilizers, and essential oils on plasticized starch in the preparation of thermoplastic starch-based biodegradable blends and composites.
Metal-free and site-selective α-C–H functionalization of tetrahydrofuran enabled by the photocatalytic generation of bromine radicals
Authors: Zhu Can-Ming , Liang Rong-Bin , Xiao Yonghong , Zhou Wei , Tong Qing-Xiao , Zhong Jian-Ji
Published: November 2022

A simple and inherent green photocatalytic approach using commercially available and cheap nBu4NBr with 4-CzIPN was reported to effectively initiate the site-selective α-C(sp3)-H activation of tetrahydrofuran for C-S and C-C cross-couplings.
Atomic spectrometry update – a review of advances in environmental analysis
Authors: Bacon Jeffrey R. , Butler Owen T. , Cairns Warren R. L. , Cavoura Olga , Cook Jennifer M. , Davidson Christine M. , Mertz-Kraus Regina
Published: November 2022

This review covers advances in the analysis of air, water, plants, soils and geological materials by a range of atomic spectrometric techniques including atomic emission, absorption, fluorescence and mass spectrometry.
Catalytic dehydrocoupling of methylamine borane using Yamashita's [Ir(PBP)] boryl complex – characterisation of a novel highly fluxional Ir tetrahydride
Authors: Decker David , Drexler Hans-Joachim , Baumann Wolfgang , Reiß Fabian , Beweries Torsten
Published: November 2022

Catalytic dehydropolymerisation of methylamine borane using the boryl pincer complex [(PBP)Ir(H)(Cl)]/NaOtBu proceeds via an unusual highly fluxional Ir tetrahydride.
Youth versus adult-onset type 2 diabetic kidney disease: Insights into currently known structural differences and the potential underlying mechanisms
Authors: Tommerdahl Kalie L. , Kendrick Jessica , Nelson Robert G. , Bjornstad Petter
Published: November 2022

Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a global health pandemic with significant humanitarian, economic, and societal implications, particularly for youth and young adults who are experiencing an exponential rise in incident disease. Youth-onset T2D has a more aggressive phenotype than adult-onset T2D, and this translates to important differences in rates of progression of diabetic kidney disease (DKD). We hypothesize that youth-onset DKD due to T2D may exhibit morphometric, metabolic, and molecular characteristics that are distinct from adult-onset T2D and develop secondary to inherent differences in renal energy expenditure and substrate metabolism, resulting in a central metabolic imbalance. Kidney structural changes that are evident at the onset of puberty also serve to exacerbate the organ’s baseline high rates of energy expenditure. Additionally, the physiologic state of insulin resistance seen during puberty increases the risk for kidney disease and is exacerbated by both concurrent diabetes and obesity. A metabolic mismatch in renal energetics may represent a novel target for pharmacologic intervention, both for prevention and treatment of DKD. Further investigation into the underlying molecular mechanisms resulting in DKD in youth-onset T2D using metabolomics and RNA sequencing of kidney tissue obtained at biopsy is necessary to expand our understanding of early DKD and potential targets for therapeutic intervention. Furthermore, large-scale clinical trials evaluating the duration of kidney protective effects of pharmacologic interventions that target a metabolic mismatch in kidney energy expenditure are needed to help mitigate the risk of DKD in youth-onset T2D.
Disentangling the Grammar of 3- to 6-Year-Old Dutch Children With a Developmental Language Disorder
Authors: Scheffer Anouk , Keij Brigitta , Hakvoort Britt , Ottow Esther , Gerrits Ellen , Wijnen Frank
Published: November 2022

Purpose:

Children with a developmental language disorder (DLD) are often delayed in their grammatical development. This is suggested to be the most important characteristic and clinical marker of DLD. However, it is unknown if this assumption is valid for young children, in the earliest stages of grammatical development. For this reason, this study investigates the complexity, diversity, and accuracy of the grammatical repertoires of 3- to 6-year-old Dutch children with DLD, in comparison to that of typically developing (TD) children matched on grammatical level.

Method:

Language samples of 59 children (29 children with DLD and 30 TD children) were analyzed using multiple measures of grammatical complexity, diversity, and accuracy. The TD children and children with DLD were language-matched on their grammatical development using the levels of the Dutch version of the Language Assessment, Remediation, and Screening Procedure, the Taal Analyse Remediëring en Screening Procedure (TARSP; Schlichting, 2017). Thus, the children with DLD were significantly older than the TD children (respectively DLD age range: 2;7–5;4 [years;months],
M
age
= 4;1; and TD age range: 2;0–3;9,
M
age
= 2;9).

Results:

The results show that children with DLD are comparable to language-matched TD children in their grammatical accuracy and diversity, but that they produce less complex utterances.

Conclusions:

The results indicate that children with DLD lag behind in their grammatical complexity as compared to language-matched TD children. The results also suggest that grammatical TARSP level is not sufficiently informative for selecting treatment goals. Instead, the results underline the importance of conducting language sample analyses, with special reference to the complexity of the utterances of a child with DLD.
Mapping Milky Way disk perturbations in stellar number density and vertical velocity using Gaia DR3
Authors: Widmark A. , Widrow L. M. , Naik A.
Published: November 2022

We have mapped the number density and mean vertical velocity of the Milky Way’s stellar disk out to roughly two kiloparsecs from the Sun using Gaia Data Release 3 (DR3) and complementary photo-astrometric distance information from StarHorse. For the number counts, we carefully masked spatial regions that are compromised by open clusters, great distances, or dust extinction and used Gaussian processes to arrive at a smooth, non-parametric estimate for the underlying number density field. We find that the number density and velocity fields depart significantly from an axisymmetric and mirror-symmetric model. These departures, which include projections of the Gaia phase-space spiral, signal the presence of local disturbances in the disk. We identify two features that are present in both stellar number density and mean vertical velocity. One of these features appears to be associated with the Local Spiral Arm. It is most prominent at small heights and is largely symmetric across the mid-plane of the disk. The density and velocity field perturbations are phase-shifted by roughly a quarter wavelength, suggesting a breathing mode that is propagating in the direction of Galactic longitude l ∼ 270 deg. The second feature is a gradient in the stellar number density and mean vertical velocity with respect to galactocentric radius. This feature, which extends across the entire region of our analysis, may be associated with the extension of the Galactic warp into the solar neighbourhood in combination with more localised bending waves.
An Efficient Enantioselective Total Synthesis of Atorvastatin ­Calcium
Authors: Shree Anireddy Jaya , Vempala Naresh , Narra Srikanth Reddy , Dasgupta Somnath
Published: November 2022

A concise and efficient asymmetric synthesis of tert-butyl [(4R,6R)-6-(2-aminoethyl)-2,2-dimethyl-1,3-dioxan-4-yl]acetate is presented. This key chiral-chain precursor of atorvastatin was synthesized from a commercially available inexpensive starting material, and was converted into atorvastatin calcium. The synthesis has the potential for scale up, and could be used to produce atorvastatin calcium on an industrial scale.
Epidemiological and Clinical Presentation of Retinoblastoma among Nepalese Children in 2019
Authors: Limbu Ben , Kafle Prerna Arjyal , Lamichanne Diwa Hamal , Pant Suresh Raj , Shakya Samyek , Rasaily Suresh B.K.
Published: November 2022

Objectives Retinoblastoma (RB) is rare but potentially fatal if left untreated. This study aimed to evaluate the epidemiological profile, clinical manifestation, classification, and affordability of RB treatment among Nepalese children in the year 2019.

Materials and Method A multicentric, multiethnic hospital-based cross-sectional study after ethical approval from the National Health Research Council was conducted from January 2019 to December 2019 by incorporating ophthalmologists all over the nation. Twenty-seven RB centers were selected. All the RB presented in the RB centers either newly diagnosed or ongoing treatment consented to the study were included and failed to consent for the study, RB survivors were excluded from the study. Data based on demographic profile, clinical manifestation, ethnical and geographical distribution, and treatment received were collected in the customized Google Form. Each case was classified at the time of diagnosis as per the International Classification of Retinoblastoma groups and different treatment modalities offered as per grouping and staging. The affordability of treatment was calculated using a catastrophic approach.

Statistical Analysis Data were entered into Microsoft Excel 2010 and analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 20.

Result A total of 34 RB cases, 21 (61.76%) in ongoing treatment group and 13 (38.2%) in newly diagnosed group presented in the RB centers. Out of total, 32 (64.7%) had unilateral and 12 (35.3%) cases had bilateral involvement. The majority of patients was from Province 1 (35.3%) and belonged to the upper caste (38.2%). Leukocoria was the most common presentation (73.9%) followed by proptosis, red eye, and phthisis bulbi. More than 75% patients presented at advanced group D (54%) and E (21%) and stage 0 (90%). More than 90% of patients received systemic chemotherapy, and 42.6% received transpupillary thermotherapy. The average cost of RB treatment was estimated to be 521% of the nonfood expense of the family which is unaffordable to almost all cases (100%).

Conclusion Leukocoria is the most common mode of clinical presentation in both unilateral and bilateral RBs. Early diagnosis and appropriate treatment are key to success for saving life, sight, and eye. However, community awareness programs against RB, active referral networks, and the establishment of chemotherapy centers with trained human resources are needed to reduce loss of life, sight, and eye.
Scintillation decay-time constants for alpha particles and electrons in liquid xenon
Authors: Cichon Dominick , Eurin Guillaume , Jörg Florian , Marrodán Undagoitia Teresa , Rupp Natascha
Published: November 2022

Understanding liquid xenon scintillation and ionization processes is of great interest to improve analysis methods in current and future detectors. In this paper, we investigate the dynamics of the scintillation process for excitation by O(10 keV) electrons from a 83mKr source and O(6 MeV) α-particles from a 222Rn source, both mixed with the xenon target. The single photon sampling method is used to record photon arrival times in order to obtain the corresponding time distributions for different applied electric fields between about 0.8 V cm−1 to 1.2 kV cm−1. Energy and field dependencies of the signals, which are observed in the results, are discussed.
Interaction of multiple shocks in planar targets with a ramp-pulse ablation
Authors: Wang Shaojun , Yuan Dawei , Wei Huigang , Wu Fuyuan , Gu Haochen , Dai Yu , Zhang Zhe , Yuan Xiaohui , Li Yutong , Zhang Jie
Published: November 2022

Interaction of multiple shocks plays a critical role in setting up an adiabatic compression of megabar pressure in nanosecond timescale in inertial confinement fusion. In this paper, we present observations of dynamic behavior and interaction of multiple shocks in polystyrene (CH) planar targets driven by a single-ramp pulse of 2.5 ns at the SG-II laser facility with a specially designed velocity interferometer system for any reflector (VISAR). A maximum pressure of 7.65 Mbar and a mass density of 3.46 g/cm3 are measured, respectively. Radiation-hydrodynamic simulations reveal the interaction process of the multiple shocks and are in good agreement with the measurements. A theoretical model is proposed to invert the space-time history of the shock generation with the VISAR data. Moreover, an optimized double-slope ramp pulse is proposed for further compression experiments. The improved multiple-shock coalescence is expected to effectively enhance both density and velocity for an initial compression of the CH target.
Sound diffusion with spatiotemporally modulated acoustic metasurfaces
Authors: Kang Janghoon , Haberman Michael R.
Published: November 2022

Traditional sound diffusers are quasi-random phase gratings attached to reflecting surfaces to introduce spatiotemporal incoherence into the backscattered acoustic field. Early designs consisted of periodically tiled diffuser grating unit cells to cover large surfaces. However, spatial periodicity leads to coherent constructive and destructive interference, which is undesirable for achieving acoustic diffusivity. This problem was partially addressed by using aperiodic tiling of unit cells based on pseudorandom sequences. While an aperiodic diffuser spacing can overcome the problems introduced by spatial periodicity, the improvements in performance come at the expense of increased thickness. In this work, we investigate spatiotemporal modulation of the surface acoustic admittance of a metasurface diffuser to improve sound diffusion. Using semi-analytical and finite element models, we demonstrate that the effects of the spatial periodicity can be mitigated without introducing an aperiodic spatial spacing, thus simultaneously minimizing diffuser thickness and improving diffusivity of the backscattered field. We develop a semi-analytical model that employs Fourier series expansion to determine the scattered sound field from a surface admittance consisting of a quadratic residue diffuser whose individual well admittances are modulated in a traveling wave fashion with modulation frequency, ωm, amplitude, Ym, and a wavenumber that matches the unit cell length, Λ. We observe significant improvement in diffusion due to the fact that the spatiotemporal modulation scatters sound into additional frequency-wavenumber pairs associated with harmonics of ωm and their diffraction orders. The semi-analytical model results are verified using a time-domain finite element model and compared with periodic and aperiodic diffuser designs.
Modeling of the impact of neon seeding on the detachment in EAST by SOLPS-ITER
Authors: Wang Rong , Yang Zhongshi , Li Kedong , Xu Guosheng , Jia Guozhang , Niu Guojian , Nian Feifei , He Tao , Meng Lingyi , Lin Xin , Luo Guang-Nan , Wang Liang
Published: November 2022

In the EAST radiative divertor experiments, stable detachment and divertor protection have been achieved with mixed impurity gas seeding. Experiments indicate that neon (Ne) is an appropriate external impurity for plasma detachment in EAST. In this work, the physical mechanism of plasma detachment with Ne seeding in EAST is studied by using the SOLPS-ITER code package. The electron temperature Tet on the upper outer divertor target decreases to below 10 eV with Ne seeding, which is mainly due to the power loss and upstream power drop caused by the impurity radiation. For Tet < 10 eV, the significant drop of the poloidal saturation ion current js,p occurs around the upper outer strike point. The simulation results show that the js,p drop is mainly driven by the rise of the momentum loss and the upstream pressure loss. The increase in the momentum loss is mainly caused by the plasma–neutral interactions in the region from the X-point to the upper outer divertor target. The upstream pressure loss around the X-point is related to the decrease in the upstream electron temperature Teu, which originates from the increased radiation loss with Ne seeding.
Doped Ru to enable next generation barrier-less interconnect
Authors: Joi A. , Lesniewska A. , Dictus D. , Tso K. C. , Venkatraman K. , Dordi Y. , Croes K. , Tokei Z. , Yadav S. K. , Wu P. W.
Published: November 2022

An effective method for the formation of a Zn-doped Ru liner is demonstrated that realizes a self-forming barrier to achieve low resistivity interconnects for future back-end of line interconnect nodes. The “Ru–Zn” exhibits significantly improved adhesion to the dielectric and better electrochemical nucleation as compared to those of pristine Ru. In addition, time-dependent dielectric breakdown (TDDB) measurements indicate the inhibition of Cu ions drifting into the dielectric that precedes the TDDB failure. Complementary analysis using x-ray absorption spectroscopy, transmission electron microscope, and energy dispersive spectroscope suggests that the “Ru–Zn” forms an interfacial Zn–Si–O compound, and Zn, being more electronegative than Cu, protects the latter from oxidation. Calculation using density function theory also indicates that the Zn–Si–O compound adopts an intercalated structure at the interface of Ru/dielectric in which Zn occupies the interstitial sites within the Si–O lattice. We propose a twofold mechanism for improved TDDB performance: (1) the intercalated Zn atoms effectively block the diffusion of Cu ions through the dielectric and (2) Zn provides the cathodic protection of Cu that prevents the generation of mobile Cu ions that accelerate the TDDB.
Propagation of axiparabola-focused laser pulses in uniform plasmas
Authors: Geng Pan-Fei , Chen Min , Zhu Xin-Zhe , Liu Wei-Yuan , Sheng Zheng-Ming , Zhang Jie
Published: November 2022

An axiparabola-based flying focus laser possesses a long focal depth, a small focal spot, and a controllable group velocity. It has been proposed for wide applications, such as phase-locked laser wakefield acceleration and photon acceleration. We numerically study the propagation of axiparabola-focused laser pulses in plasmas and find that such lasers can propagate stably over long distances in plasmas at low intensity. When the laser intensity increases to the relativistic intensity, they no longer propagate stably. Pulse front deformation and fracture appear due to the formation of plasma density modulations. We propose three schemes to mitigate the unstable propagation of axiparabola-focused lasers: (i) adding a radially dependent pulse front delay, (ii) placing the plasma away from the beginning of the focal line, and (iii) using an axiparabola mirror with a negative focal line. All these methods are relatively easy to implement. Our studies can provide guidance for applications of axiparabola-focused lasers.
Determination of single-crystal elastic moduli of LiREF4 (RE = Y, Gd, and Tb) by resonant ultrasound spectroscopy
Authors: Balodhi Ashiwini , Torres James , Juneja Rinkle , Chang Kelvin B. , Brady Allen , Chakrapani Sunil K. , Lindsay Lucas R. , Hermann Raphael P. , Zevalkink Alexandra
Published: November 2022

The tetragonal fluoro-scheelite LiREF4 compounds (RE=rareearth) have been shown to exhibit a variety of useful optical and magnetic properties. While LiYF4 has been widely studied, many of the fundamental thermodynamic properties of other members of this family remain unknown. Here, we report the complete elastic tensors (Cij) of single-crystalline LiYF4, LiTbF4, and LiGdF4 using resonant ultrasound spectroscopy and density functional theory (DFT). We compare the results for LiYF4 with prior experimental results using time-of-flight ultrasound methods. This is the first report, however, of the experimental elastic tensors of LiTbF4 and LiGdF4. The present results point to a softening of the elastic moduli of the LiREF4 system when Y is replaced by the larger ionic radius of Tb or Gd. Furthermore, we find that just 0.3% doping with Nd on the Y site also leads to a slight softening of the moduli. The variation of the elastic moduli as a function of temperature up to 216°C was also measured. A nearly linear softening of all seven independent elastic moduli was observed with increasing temperature. Phonon dispersions and phonon density of states obtained by DFT support the experimental finding of a significantly higher sound velocity due to lighter Y atoms in LiYF4, as compared to heavier LiTbF4 and LiGdF4.
Continuous absorption and emission of light by the heteronuclear rare gas (ArXe)+ and (KrXe)+ ions
Authors: Narits A. A. , Kislov K. S. , Lebedev V. S.
Published: November 2022

Studies of radiative transitions between ground and charge transfer excited terms of heteronuclear rare-gas (ArXe)+ and (KrXe)+ ions with small and moderate dissociation energies (D0ArXe+=179 and D0KrXe+=389 meV) are reported. Potential energy curves and dipole transition matrix elements are evaluated using ab initio calculations based on the CASSCF method followed by the NEVPT2 treatment and perturbative description of relativistic effects as implemented in the ORCA suite. We develop an efficient approach for the calculations of Boltzmann-averaged cross sections, rate constants, and absorption and emission coefficients associated with the integral contributions of bound–bound and bound–free transitions from a manifold of rovibrational states of the (RgXe)+ ion. A similar approach is used for the description of the free–free and free–bound transitions between different electronic terms of a quasimolecular (RgXe)+ ion temporarily formed during a collision of Ar or Kr atoms with Xe+ ions. Our method is based on the quantal version of the theory of non-adiabatic transitions in molecular and quasimolecular systems combined with the approximation of a quasicontinuum for rovibrational energy levels. This allowed us to obtain a semianalytic expression for the integral absorption properties particularly relevant at elevated temperatures. We perform a comprehensive analysis of the identified radiative processes in local thermodynamic equilibrium plasmas of rare gas Rg/Xe mixtures containing both atomic, Xe+, and molecular, RgXe+, ions and determine their role in the formation of the absorption and emission spectra in a wide range of wavelengths and gas temperatures. The results obtained are in good agreement with the available experimental data.
Effect of substrate orientation on band structure of bulk III-V semiconductors
Authors: Gladysiewicz Marta , Wartak M. S.
Published: November 2022

We present a detailed theory of the effects of crystal orientation on the properties of semiconductors. Our formalism allows us to study arbitrary crystallographic orientations of various compound semiconductors within any band model and crystal symmetry. For an illustration of its applicability, we present here results (band structure and effective masses) for only a few higher symmetry substrate orientations and concentrate on bulk cubic systems for materials such as GaInPAs/GaAs, GaInPAs/InP, GaInAsSb/GaSb, and GaInAsSb/InAs. Such cases were not discussed before.
Dispersion relation of spoof surface plasmon resonant mode on concentric annular metal corrugation
Authors: Annaka Yuta , Ogura Kazuo , Ito Masaya
Published: November 2022

In this study, we demonstrate near-field measurement of a spoof surface plasmon (SSP) on a corrugated metal disk with concentric annular corrugation. The SSP is excited at the center of the disk and is probed by a needle antenna on the corrugated surface. In the measurement, SSP resonant modes are observed around the upper cut-off frequency. The dispersion relation and group velocity are extracted from the measured parameters and correspond well to the calculated dispersion relation. Our results help in designing SSP resonators to improve the device performance of an intense terahertz wave source.
Marine surf to freshwater: a molecular phylogeny of Donacidae (Bivalvia: Heterodonta)
Authors: Moncada Elena , Lord Arianna , Simone Luiz Ricardo L. , Adjei-Boateng Daniel , Bouchet Philippe , Strong Ellen E. , Bieler Rüdiger , Giribet Gonzalo
Published: November 2022

Donacidae is a commercially important family of heterodont bivalves and one of the few bivalve lineages that has successfully colonised brackish and fresh waters. However, to date, no phylogenetic hypothesis exists for this widely distributed group. Here we turn to molecular data from the nuclear and mitochondrial genomes and combine these with the extensive fossil record of donacids to propose an evolutionary hypothesis for the family. Our analyses strongly support the monophyly of Donacidae, including Galatea, Iphigenia and ‘Plebidonax’ deltoides, but render Donax paraphyletic. The subgenus Latona is therefore elevated to genus to accommodate a clade of Indo-Pacific species, while retaining Donax for a clade of mostly Atlantic and American Pacific species, and a few Indo-Pacific species. This latter clade is sister group to Galatea + Iphigenia. The diversification of Donacidae seems to be tightly connected to the opening of the North and South Atlantic Oceans in the Cretaceous, and to the closing of the Tethys Ocean during the Oligocene. Taxonomic actions: Latona columbella (Lamarck, 1818) comb. nov., L. deltoides (Lamarck, 1818) comb. nov., L. dysoni (Reeve, 1854) comb. nov., L. madagascariensis (W. Wood, 1828) comb. nov., L. semisulcata semigranosa (Dunker, 1877) comb. nov., L. spinosa (Gmelin, 1791) comb. nov., L. sordida (Hanley, 1845) comb. nov., L. siliqua (Römer, 1870) comb. nov., L. trifasciata (Linnaeus, 1758) comb. nov. and L. victoris (Fischer-Piette, 1942) comb. nov.
Intestinal precursors avoid being misinduced to liver cells by activating Cdx-Wnt inhibition cascade
Authors: Yang Yun , Li Yuanyuan , Fu Jialong , Li Yanfeng , Li Shuang , Ni Rui , Yang Qifen , Luo Lingfei
Published: November 2022

During coordinated development of two neighboring organs from the same germ layer, how precursors of one organ resist the inductive signals of the other to avoid being misinduced to wrong cell fate remains a general question in developmental biology. The liver and anterior intestinal precursors located in close proximity along the gut axis represent a typical example. Here we identify a zebrafishleberwurst(lbw) mutant with a unique hepatized intestine phenotype, exhibiting replacement of anterior intestinal cells by liver cells.lbwencodes the Cdx1b homeoprotein, which is specifically expressed in the intestine, and its precursor cells. Mechanistically, in the intestinal precursors, Cdx1b binds to genomic DNA at the regulatory region ofsecreted frizzled related protein 5(sfrp5) to activatesfrp5transcription. Sfrp5 blocks the mesoderm-derived, liver-inductive Wnt2bb signal, thus conferring intestinal precursor cells resistance to Wnt2bb. These results demonstrate that the intestinal precursors avoid being misinduced toward hepatic lineages through the activation of the Cdx1b-Sfrp5 cascade, implicating Cdx/Sfrp5 as a potential pharmacological target for the manipulation of intestinal-hepatic bifurcations, and shedding light on the general question of how precursor cells resist incorrect inductive signals during embryonic development.
Incubation of palatable food craving is associated with brain-wide neuronal activation in mice
Authors: Madangopal Rajtarun , Szelenyi Eric R. , Nguyen Joseph , Brenner Megan B. , Drake Olivia R. , Pham Diana Q. , Shekara Aniruddha , Jin Michelle , Choong Jia Jie , Heins Conor , Komer Lauren E. , Weber Sophia J. , Hope Bruce T. , Shaham Yavin , Golden Sam A.
Published: November 2022

Studies using rodent models have shown that relapse to drug or food seeking increases progressively during abstinence, a behavioral phenomenon termed “incubation of craving.” Mechanistic studies of incubation of craving have focused on specific neurobiological targets within preselected brain areas. Recent methodological advances in whole-brain immunohistochemistry, clearing, and imaging now allow unbiased brain-wide cellular resolution mapping of regions and circuits engaged during learned behaviors. However, these whole-brain imaging approaches were developed for mouse brains, while incubation of drug craving has primarily been studied in rats, and incubation of food craving has not been demonstrated in mice. Here, we established a mouse model of incubation of palatable food craving and examined food reward seeking after 1, 15, and 60 abstinence days. We then used the neuronal activity marker Fos with intact-brain mapping procedures to identify corresponding patterns of brain-wide activation. Relapse to food seeking was significantly higher after 60 abstinence days than after 1 or 15 days. Using unbiased ClearMap analysis, we identified increased activation of multiple brain regions, particularly corticostriatal structures, following 60 but not 1 or 15 abstinence days. We used orthogonal SMART2 analysis to confirm these findings within corticostriatal and thalamocortical subvolumes and applied expert-guided registration to investigate subdivision and layer-specific activation patterns. Overall, we 1) identified brain-wide activity patterns during incubation of food seeking using complementary analytical approaches and 2) provide a single-cell resolution whole-brain atlas that can be used to identify functional networks and global architecture underlying the incubation of food craving.
On the influence of Kreyòl swa
Authors: Tezil David
Published: November 2022

The Haitian Creole (Kreyòl) spoken by bilingual speakers is a prestigious form of speech generally referred to as
Kreyòl swa (KS), where Frenchified features (e.g. front rounded vowels) are often used. In contrast,
monolingual speakers use Kreyòl rèk (KR), a variety in which Frenchified features do not generally occur (Fattier-Thomas 1984; Valdman 2015). In this
article, I establish the nasalization of the definite determiner /la/ in non-nasal environments (LÃ), e.g.
chat lan for chat la ‘the cat’, as a feature of KS. I show that while bilingual speakers do
use both Frenchification and LÃ, monolingual speakers overuse nasalization as compared to bilingual speakers, but
use Frenchification less than the bilingual group because it is harder to produce. Based in these findings, I suggest that the
sociolinguistic situation of Haiti is more complex, i.e. it is extended beyond the relationship between French and
Kreyòl.
Inherited human ITK deficiency impairs IFN-γ immunity and underlies tuberculosis
Authors: Ogishi Masato , Yang Rui , Rodriguez Rémy , Golec Dominic P. , Martin Emmanuel , Philippot Quentin , Bohlen Jonathan , Pelham Simon J. , Arias Andrés Augusto , Khan Taushif , Ata Manar , Al Ali Fatima , Rozenberg Flore , Kong Xiao-Fei , Chrabieh Maya , Laine Candice , Lei Wei-Te , Han Ji Eun , Seeleuthner Yoann , Kaul Zenia , Jouanguy Emmanuelle , Béziat Vivien , Youssefian Leila , Vahidnezhad Hassan , Rao V. Koneti , Neven Bénédicte , Fieschi Claire , Mansouri Davood , Shahrooei Mohammad , Pekcan Sevgi , Alkan Gulsum , Emiroğlu Melike , Tokgöz Hüseyin , Uitto Jouni , Hauck Fabian , Bustamante Jacinta , Abel Laurent , Keles Sevgi , Parvaneh Nima , Marr Nico , Schwartzberg Pamela L. , Latour Sylvain , Casanova Jean-Laurent , Boisson-Dupuis Stéphanie
Published: November 2022

Inborn errors of IFN-γ immunity can underlie tuberculosis (TB). We report three patients from two kindreds without EBV viremia or disease but with severe TB and inherited complete ITK deficiency, a condition associated with severe EBV disease that renders immunological studies challenging. They have CD4+ αβ T lymphocytopenia with a concomitant expansion of CD4−CD8− double-negative (DN) αβ and Vδ2− γδ T lymphocytes, both displaying a unique CD38+CD45RA+T-bet+EOMES− phenotype. Itk-deficient mice recapitulated an expansion of the γδ T and DN αβ T lymphocyte populations in the thymus and spleen, respectively. Moreover, the patients’ T lymphocytes secrete small amounts of IFN-γ in response to TCR crosslinking, mitogens, or forced synapse formation with autologous B lymphocytes. Finally, the patients’ total lymphocytes secrete small amounts of IFN-γ, and CD4+, CD8+, DN αβ T, Vδ2+ γδ T, and MAIT cells display impaired IFN-γ production in response to BCG. Inherited ITK deficiency undermines the development and function of various IFN-γ–producing T cell subsets, thereby underlying TB.
KCa1.1 channels contribute to optogenetically driven post-stimulation silencing in cerebellar molecular layer interneurons
Authors: Kassa Merouann , Bradley Jonathan , Jalil Abdelali , Llano Isabel
Published: November 2022

Using cell-attached recordings from molecular layer interneurons (MLI) of the cerebellar cortex of adult mice expressing channel rhodopsin 2, we show that wide-field optical activation induces an increase in firing rate during illumination and a firing pause when the illumination ends (post-stimulation silencing; PSS). Significant spike rate changes with respect to basal firing rate were observed for optical activations lasting 200 ms and 1 s as well as for 1 s long trains of 10 ms pulses at 50 Hz. For all conditions, the net effect of optical activation on the integrated spike rate is significantly reduced because of PSS. Three lines of evidence indicate that this PSS is due to intrinsic factors. Firstly, PSS is induced when the optical stimulation is restricted to a single MLI using a 405-nm laser delivering a diffraction-limited spot at the focal plane. Secondly, PSS is not affected by block of GABA-A or GABA-B receptors, ruling out synaptic interactions amongst MLIs. Thirdly, PSS is mimicked in whole-cell recording experiments by step depolarizations under current clamp. Activation of Ca-dependent K channels during the spike trains appears as a likely candidate to underlie PSS. Using immunocytochemistry, we find that one such channel type, KCa1.1, is present in the somato-dendritic and axonal compartments of MLIs. In cell-attached recordings, charybdotoxin and iberiotoxin significantly reduce the optically induced PSS, while TRAM-34 does not affect it, suggesting that KCa1.1 channels, but not KCa3.1 channels, contribute to PSS.
Full opening of helix bundle crossing does not lead to NaK channel activation
Authors: Kurauskas Vilius , Tonelli Marco , Henzler-Wildman Katherine
Published: November 2022

A critical part of ion channel function is the ability to open and close in response to stimuli and thus conduct ions in a regulated fashion. While x-ray diffraction studies of ion channels suggested a general steric gating mechanism located at the helix bundle crossing (HBC), recent functional studies on several channels indicate that the helix bundle crossing is wide-open even in functionally nonconductive channels. Two NaK channel variants were crystallized in very different open and closed conformations, which served as important models of the HBC gating hypothesis. However, neither of these NaK variants is conductive in liposomes unless phenylalanine 92 is mutated to alanine (F92A). Here, we use NMR to probe distances at near-atomic resolution of the two NaK variants in lipid bicelles. We demonstrate that in contrast to the crystal structures, both NaK variants are in a fully open conformation, akin to Ca2+-bound MthK channel structure where the HBC is widely open. While we were not able to determine what a conductive NaK structure is like, our further inquiry into the gating mechanism suggests that the selectivity filter and pore helix are coupled to the M2 helix below and undergo changes in the structure when F92 is mutated. Overall, our data show that NaK exhibits coupling between the selectivity filter and HBC, similar to K+ channels, and has a more complex gating mechanism than previously thought, where the full opening of HBC does not lead to channel activation.
Cardiac myosin filaments are directly regulated by calcium
Authors: Ma Weikang , Nag Suman , Gong Henry , Qi Lin , Irving Thomas C.
Published: November 2022

Classically, striated muscle contraction is initiated by calcium (Ca2+)-dependent structural changes in regulatory proteins on actin-containing thin filaments, which allow the binding of myosin motors to generate force. Additionally, dynamic switching between resting off and active on myosin states has been shown to regulate muscle contractility, a recently validated mechanism by novel myosin-targeted therapeutics. The molecular nature of this switching, however, is not understood. Here, using a combination of small-angle x-ray fiber diffraction and biochemical assays with reconstituted systems, we show that cardiac thick filaments are directly Ca2+-regulated. We find that Ca2+ induces a structural transition of myosin heads from ordered off states close to the thick filament to disordered on states closer to the thin filaments. Biochemical assays show a Ca2+-induced transition from an inactive super-relaxed (SRX) state(s) to an active disordered-relaxed (DRX) state(s) in synthetic thick filaments. We show that these transitions are an intrinsic property of cardiac myosin only when assembled into thick filaments and provide a fresh perspective on nature’s two orthogonal mechanisms to regulate muscle contraction through the thin and the thick filaments.
On the effect of incoherence in a polarized dusty plasma and Wigner stability
Authors: Chaudhuri Shatadru , Roy Chowdhury A , Roy Chowdhury K
Published: November 2022

We theoretically analysed the effect of incoherence present in the initial density in a homogeneous plasma containing nonthermal ions and Maxwellian electrons under the influence of polarization force. The Krylov-Bogoliubov-Mitropolsky (KBM) method is used to derive the Nonlinear Schrödinger equation. In the next stage the incoherence effect is analysed by studying the equation of motion of the correlation function 〈n(x, t)n
*(x, t)〉 with the help of Wigner quantization and Moyal braket. The modulational stability of the new equation is exhaustively studied with respect to the plasma parameters variation and the effect of polarization force. In the next section, we considered a q-nonextensive distribution of electrons and viewed a more general form of polarization force by following Bentabet et al. The same analysis is again repeated and the modulation stability is analysed.
A comparative study of new generic wormhole models with stability analysis via thin-shell
Authors: Javed Faisal , Sadiq Sobia , Mustafa G , Hussain Ibrar
Published: November 2022

This analysis is devoted to exploring the interesting aspects of wormhole geometry. The energy conditions are checked for two different new generic shape functions, which satisfy the required wormhole properties. The presence of exotic matter is confirmed due to the violation of the energy conditions in the background of f(R, T) gravity as well as in the general relativity case. The traversable wormholes respecting the null energy conditions can be realized in both considered frameworks. A thin-shell around a wormhole geometry with two different generic shape functions is obtained by using the cut and paste approach taking Schwarzschild spacetime as an exterior manifold. The stability of thin-shell is explored with linearized perturbation along the equilibrium shell radius. Stable regions and the position of the expected event horizon depend on the choice of physical parameters. It is concluded that the number of expected event horizons increases for the second shape function.
Thickness and a Gap Lemma in ℝd
Authors: Yavicoli Alexia
Published: November 2022

We give a definition of thickness in ${\mathbb {R}}^{d}$ that is useful even for totally disconnected sets, and prove a Gap Lemma type result. We also guarantee an interval of distances in any direction in thick compact sets, relate thick sets (for this definition of thickness) with winning sets, give a lower bound for the Hausdorff dimension of the intersection of countably many of them, a result guaranteeing the presence of large patterns, and lower bounds for the Hausdorff dimension of a set in relationship with its thickness.
Monks, the State, and Monastic Governance in Contemporary Thailand
Authors: Borchert Thomas
Published: November 2022

The relationship between Buddhism and politics in Theravāda communities has been a subject of regular scholarly investigation since at least the 1970s. However, in much of this scholarship, the primary problem has been to understand how the secular state interacts with religious actors. An assumption exists that the Thai state governs the sangha, and how monks in Theravāda sanghas govern one another has received insufficient attention. In Thailand, monks live in conditions of legal pluralism, subject to religious, state, and ecclesiastical law. This article examines these legal regimes, focusing on ecclesiastical law, which has largely been ignored up to this point. The article argues that conditions of legal pluralism are important for understanding the possibilities of monastic action as well as the effort to govern the sangha in contemporary Thailand.
Collective Information Acquisition
Authors: Eilat Ran , Eliaz Kfir
Published: November 2022

We consider the problem faced by a group of players who bargain over what public signal to acquire before deciding on a collective action. The players differ in their privately known state-dependent payoffs from taking the action, and therefore differ also in their willingness to pay for the public signal. We take a mechanism design approach to characterizing the efficient frontier of outcomes achievable via bargaining over information. We identify novel distortions in the optimal information structure that arise from the information asymmetry and from the fact that after the signal is realized, the outcome is determined in equilibrium of a subsequent voting game.
A novel technique to repair orbital roof defects: irradiated homologous cadaveric rib (Tutoplast ®) graft in a recurrent frontal sinus ossifying fibroma
Authors: Acharya Vikas , Ng Jimmy , Navaratnam Annakan , Rennie Catherine , Clarke Peter
Published: November 2022

Ossifying fibroma in the fronto-ethmoidal sinuses is a rare, benign condition. In symptomatic cases, surgical excision is often undertaken and bony defects may be repaired using alloplastic grafts. We present a novel method of repairing an orbital roof defect using irradiated homologous cadaveric rib (Tutoplast ®) graft, overlaid with a pericranial flap. The patient made an excellent recovery, concluding that it is a viable and safe option with lower morbidity.
Experiencing Léotard’s Sensational Body: Risk, Morality and Pleasure above the British Stage
Authors: Holmes Kate
Published: November 2022

Early 1860s responses to Jules Léotard’s innovative solo flying trapeze performances span pleasure and excitement to provoking claims of immorality related to risk that seem strange today. I examine the relationship between risk, morality and pleasure in Léotard’s celebrity using newspaper reports and imagery, demonstrating how his celebrity reveals changing attitudes to the body. Audiences evaluated his performances depending on how they valued bodily pleasure and how they connected citizenship, religion, science and progress to athleticism. Considering Léotard alongside the wirewalker Charles Blondin demonstrates how Léotard’s performance and physique mitigated concerns around risk. Making sense of Léotard’s unfamiliar movements often involved processing conflicting physical responses and contradictory viewpoints. ‘Dangerous’ performances drew censure because they provoked these confusing experiences and risk-related concerns of audience coercion and desensitization. Resituating Léotard within the 1860s craze for ‘sensation’ on the basis of newspaper reports and affect, demonstrates Victorians’ bodily preoccupation. Wider risks in society alongside scientific advancements help explain Victorians’ increased focus on the body as they turned to bodily health in the face of urban threats. Against this background, experiencing performers’ embodied vicarious risk enabled Victorians to rehearse, not avoid, the thrills and dangers of Victorian life.