bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Advantages of multi-region kriging over bi-region techniques for computed tomography-scan segmentation
Authors: Azhar M. , Chang X. , Debes J. , Delmas P. , Duwig C. , Dal Ferro N. , Gee T. , Marquez J. , Morari F. , Müller K. , Mukunoki T. , Piccoli I. , Strozzi A. Gastelum
Published: August 2019

Quantifying the structure of soil is essential for developing effective soil management for farming and environmental conservation efforts. One approach to quantify soil structure is to scan intact soil cores by X-ray computed tomography (CT), which allows using computer vision algorithms to identify internal components within the soil. One commonly used approach is the colour-based segmentation of CT-scan soil images into two regions – matter and void – for the purpose of determining the soil porosity. A key problem with this approach is that soil CT images tend to be rather complicated, and thus this type of bi-region segmentation is a non-trivial problem, with algorithms following this type of bi-region approach typically performing unreliability across a variety of image sets. In this work, a technique is proposed that identifies an optimal number of regions present in the soil, rather than just two. It is claimed that this more sophisticated representation of soil structure leads to a more accurate representation than traditional bi-region segmentation; however, it is reducible to a bi-region segmentation yielding the required estimation of porosity with more accuracy and robustness than traditional methods. It is also proposed that segmentation is performed using a multi-region kriging algorithm, which establishes relationships between distance and regions that allows the segmentation to overcome many of the artefacts and noise issues associated with CT scanning. Our experiments focused on layer-by-layer segmentation and results demonstrated that the proposed approach produced segmentations consistent across a variety of scanned cores and were visually more correct than current state-of-the-art bi-region techniques.
The Ramsey property implies no mad families
Authors: Schrittesser David , Törnquist Asger
Published: August 2019

Significance

Certain infinite combinatorial structures in modern mathematics, called mad families, are known to exist only due to indirect, nonconstructive methods arising from a fundamental principle of mathematics, with many paradoxical consequences, called the axiom of choice. This paper shows that if we replace the axiom of choice with a natural assumption of universal combinatorial regularity, a principle known as the Ramsey property for all sets, then no infinite mad families can exist. This solves a problem that has been open in mathematics since the late 1960s.
Neuroscience in Forensic Psychiatry and Psychology: An Introduction to the Special Issue
Authors: van Dongen Josanne D. M. , Franken Ingmar H. A.
Published: August 2019

This special issue is dedicated to the potential role of neuroscience in forensic psychiatry and psychology. Although neuroscientific insights are increasingly incorporated in clinical practice, they received less attention in forensic mental healthcare and in the forensic mental health literature. In the last decade there has been an increased interest in using neuroscientific knowledge in the assessment and treatment of psychopathology related to antisocial and violent behavior. Consequently, neuroscientific methods may, for example, be used in detecting psychiatric problems in defendants, one of the topics covered by the scientific field of neurolaw. This current article introduces this special issue by providing an introduction to the neurobiology of antisocial and criminal behavior and will set off discussing how neuroscientific insights may be used in forensic clinical practice.
MRI-based iPAGAT polymer gel dosimetry using fast recovery spin echo sequences
Authors: Fujino K , Ono K , Hayashi S , Sasaki K , Hioki K , Miyazawa M , Akagi Y , Hirokawa Y
Published: August 2019

In an estimation of iPAGAT polymer gel dosimeters using a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) system, the dosimetric characteristics were investigated with two echo sequences: a spin echo (SE) and a fast recovery fast spin echo (FRFSE) sequence. FRFSE can shorten total scan time compared to SE because of its short repetition time (TR) and long echo train length (ETL). Although the R2-dose response measured from FRFSE was decreased compared to SE, both responses were fitted quadratic curve with a high correlation coefficient. In addition, their calibrated dose distributions showed high conformity to the planned data in the three-dimensional (3D) gamma index, dose volume histogram (DVH) and surface rendering analyses; however, results of SE were a little superior to FRFSE. In conclusion, it is suggested that FRFSE can present the accurate characteristics of polymer gel dosimeters under the optimum parameters.
Preliminary characterization of the Duke Integrated-Lens Optical-CT scanner (DIOS)
Authors: Collins Cielle , Yoon Suk Whan , Kodra Jacob , Adamovics John , Oldham Mark
Published: August 2019

The present study investigates a cost effective and practical non-telecentric optical-CT scanner developed for 3D dosimetry, the Duke Integrated-Lens Optical-CT scanner (DIOS). The DIOS system includes an upgraded light-collimating tank (the LC-tank) made of solid polyurethane with precision curved ends (with lensing functionality) and a precision cylindrical central hollow for the dosimeter. The LC-tank thus collimates light from a small area light source (~2cm diameter) into parallel rays through the dosimeter, with refocusing of emergent light onto a CCD camera with a focusing lens with an aperture. The solid nature of the LC-Tank dramatically reduces the amount of required refractive matching fluid compared to earlier scanning systems. The aim of this work was to perform preliminary characterization studies of DIOS in comparison to earlier systems, particularly telecentric systems. The preliminary results indicate promising performance for the DIOS approach.
Influence of angular mismatch between pre- and post-irradiation scans for optical-CT gel readout: simulation based study
Authors: Du Yi , Wang Xiangang , Xiang Xincheng , Wu Hao , De Deene Yves
Published: August 2019

The pre- and post-irradiation scan strategy for optical-CT gel readout often turns out to be corrupted by angular mismatch between these two scans. In this study, we used computational simulations to investigate the influence of angular mismatch. Two phantoms are constructed: one cylindrical phantom with synthetic impurities and one elliptical phantom. The reconstructed results of angular mismatched pre- and post-data show that the dual-scan method is very sensitive to repositioning error, and positive-negative pair errors can be easily identified around impurities and phantom edges. From the simulation results, we believe that the angular mismatch should be less than 0.1 degree.
Fundamentals of 3D dosimetry
Authors: Schreiner L J
Published: August 2019

Since 1999 it has been convention at the IC3Ddose conferences to provide an opportunity for interested attendees to come together for an early morning session to review the basic properties of one family of 3D dosimeters: volumetric chemical dosimeters. Seasoned workers in the field benefit from a refreshed perspective, while those new to the field get an overview of this one modality for 3D dose measurement early in the conference. The intent of the session is to describe the basic science and characteristics of these true 3D systems, how they work and how they are read out. This provides some basic foundation to all attendees before the conference moves to the more detailed presentations directed to various specific issues and applications (e.g., looking at specific gel or plastic dosimeter, its readout and its clinical utilization). This talk is that session.
Initial commissioning measurements of respiratory gated liver VMAT stereotactic ablative body radiotherapy
Authors: Alexander KM , Kerr A , Olding T
Published: August 2019

A dosimetric evaluation of a respiratory gated VMAT SABR technique was performed at two different beam energies. Dynamic ion chamber, EBT3 film and Fricke-xylenol orange-gelatin (FXG) gel measurements were acquired using a motion phantom with custom inserts for each dosimeter. Ion chamber and gel dosimeter measurements show good agreement between the measured and calculated plan dose within the planning target volume (PTV). Lower agreement than expected was observed between calculated plan dose and measured film dose, particularly for the 10 MV flattening filter free beam plan, a result that warrants further investigation.
Chemical dosimeters
Authors: Adamovics John A , Coakley Robert J
Published: August 2019

Measuring radiation exposure has long been a priority in radiation therapy. Over the last 115 years numerous chemical-based dosimeters have been developed to measure radiation exposure. These dosimeters contain either metal complexes or leuco dyes. Among the factors which influence dose sensitivity and color stability in leuco dye based dosimeters are chemical structure and the solvent content in the formulation.
4D dosimetry and motion management in clinical radiotherapy
Authors: Bäck S Å J , Franich R D , Edvardsson A , Ceberg S
Published: August 2019

Many novel modulated radiation treatment techniques are sensitive to patient motion which may degrade the dose distribution considerably. As there may be a simultaneous movement of the tumour and treatment machine, undesired heterogeneities in the dose distribution can be resulted. Methods to estimate the dosimetric effect of motion and treatment deliveries for both photons and protons are needed. We have recently studied Hodgkin’s lymphoma, liver and left sided breast cancer cases and developed tools to be able to simulate simultaneous organ movement and treatment delivery. Furthermore, it is of great importance to validate potential simulations in a realistic quality control set-up, ideally including a complete dosimetry volume and movement/deformation (4D). Radiation sensitive deformable gels have the potential to meet this dosimetry challenge owing to the unique 3D characteristic to form both phantom and detector in one volume. Multi-array detectors together with a moving platform and a realistic object trajectory is an alternative to evaluate the clinical setting. The evaluation could then in principle be done on-line. Gel/plastic 3D dosimeters have the potential to also be irradiated during motion in a similar matter but have to be read-out post irradiation.
High dose rate brachytherapy three-dimensional gel dosimetry using optical computed tomography readout
Authors: DeVries DA , Joshi C , Schreiner LJ
Published: August 2019

The cause and removal of streaking artifacts from catheters within radiochromic 3D dosimeters was investigated to allow the use of these dosimeters for high dose rate (HDR) brachytherapy applications. The OSC-TV iterative reconstruction algorithm’s ability to remove the streaking artifacts from one or more catheters was validated using external beam irradiations and leuco crystal violet (LCV) micelle gels. One and two catheter HDR plans were then delivered to LCV gels. Dose volumes from the gels were reconstructed with the OSC-TV algorithm, calibrated, and registered to treatment planning system dose volumes, and were shown to be artifact free and in agreement with the expected values.
Innovation in education: computer simulation in physics training
Authors: Beavis Andrew W , Ward James W
Published: August 2019

Interest in the application of Computer Simulation within Medical training continues to grow and the use of the VERT (Virtual Environment for Radiotherapy Training) system in radiotherapy training equally so. Herein we explore the use of the VERT system to understand, illustrate and experience the process required to calibrate an ion chamber and use it to obtain an accurate output measurement on a high energy Linac. The VERT system provides a detailed and accurate simulation of conventional Linacs and has a variety of physics activities that mirror the tasks medical physicists are required to become familiar with during their training. One such activity has been implemented to follow the steps defined by the IAEA TRS398 protocol. All activities on the virtual Linac can be undertaken with deliberate errors having been introduced to explore their consequences. The system was used to make the necessary ‘measurements’ to determine the various calibration factors required to correct the raw electrometer reading for ion recombination, polarity, temperature/pressure. Likewise, the Quality Index of the Linac’s 6MV beam was determined to enable the correction of the Absorbed Dose to Water factor measured in the reference Quality. The VERT system provides a simulation environment for training and enhancing the trainees understanding of radiotherapy concepts and practices. Dosimetry practice can be experienced and explored in the classroom during standard working hours rather than waiting until a clinical Linac is available. Random and systematic errors can be introduced, however, the virtual machine can be used without risk of leaving it in a mis-calibrated or unsafe condition.
The poly (l-lactid-co-glycolide; PLGA) fiber component of brushite-forming calcium phosphate cement induces the osteogenic differentiation of human adipose tissue-derived stem cells
Authors: Kunisch Elke , Gunnella Francesca , Wagner Stefanie , Dees Franziska , Maenz Stefan , Bossert Jörg , Jandt Klaus D , Kinne Raimund W
Published: August 2019

A brushite-forming calcium phosphate cement (CPC) was mechanically stabilized by addition of poly (l-lactid-co-glycolide; PLGA) fibers (≤10% w/w). It proved highly biocompatible and its fiber component enhanced bone formation in a sheep lumbar vertebroplasty model. However, possible effects on the osteogenic differentiation of resident mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) remained unexplored. The present study used a novel approach, simultaneously analyzing the influence of a solid CPC scaffold and its relatively low PLGA proportion (a mimicry of natural bone) on osteogenic, chondrogenic, and adipogenic differentiation, as well as the pluripotency of human adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hASCs). hASCs were cultured on CPC discs with/without PLGA fibers (5% and 10%) in the absence of osteogenic medium for 3, 7, and 14 d. Gene expression of osteogenic markers (Runx2, osterix, alkaline phosphatase, collagen I, osteonectin, osteopontin, osteocalcin), chondrogenic markers (collagen II, Sox9, aggrecan), adipogenic markers (PPARG, Leptin, and FABP4), and pluripotency markers (Nanog, Tert, Rex) was analyzed by RT-PCR. The ability of hASCs to synthesize alkaline phosphatase was also evaluated. Cell number and viability were determined by fluorescein diacetate/propidium iodide staining. Compared to pure CPC, cultivation of hASCs on fiber-reinforced CPC transiently induced the gene expression of Runx2 and osterix (day 3), and long-lastingly augmented the expression of alkaline phosphatase (and its enzyme activity), collagen I, and osteonectin (until day 14). In contrast, augmented expression of all chondrogenic, adipogenic, and pluripotency markers was limited to day 3, followed by significant downregulation. Cultivation of hASCs on fiber-reinforced CPC reduced the cell number, but not the proportion of viable cells (viability > 95%). The PLGA component of fiber-reinforced, brushite-forming CPC supports long-lasting osteogenic differentiation of hASCs, whereas chondrogenesis, adipogenesis, and pluripotency are initially augmented, but subsequently suppressed. In view of parallel animal results, PLGA fibers may represent an interesting clinical target for future improvement of CPC- based bone regeneration.
The features of development of agricultural land use in the Republic of Buryatia and Mongolia (the Selenga River basin)
Authors: Yekimovskaya O A , Lopatina D N
Published: August 2019

This study seeks to identify the distinctive features in agricultural land use in the upper (Mongolian) and lower (Russian) parts of the basin. An analysis is made of the main indicators reflecting the economic-geographical characteristics of agricultural land use, the structure of agricultural lands, the level of agricultural development, the dynamics of the area and efficiency of use of croplands, the availability of natural forage lands, and crop yield of grains. This implies a higher yield level of grains and the preservation of the sown area. A decrease in the area of the cropland at the beginning of the agrarian transformations was observed throughout the territory of the basin. In the Mongolian aimags within the Selenga basin, the area of the cropland decreased by 27.5%. In the subsequent period, the sown area remained stable. In the Russian part of the basin, the area of croplands at the beginning of the agrarian transformations decreased by 21.5%. The tendency for a decrease in croplands has persisted to date. During 1999–2016 the area of croplands decreased by a further 25%. The main directions of the transformation of the agricultural land use system in the Mongolian and Russian parts of the basin are formulated.
Analysis of the impact of economic activity on atmospheric air quality in Ulan-Ude
Authors: Ayusheeva S N , Botoeva N B , Mikheeva A S
Published: August 2019

The growth of negative environmental impact requires increased attention to the processes of air protection. In recent years, significant imbalance of the biosphere has been clearly observed. This study proved a significant excess of negative environmental impact of Ulan-Ude in comparison with assimilation potential of the environment. Ulan-Ude, which is annually included in the list of the most polluted cities in Russia in terms of the level of atmospheric pollution, this problem is mainly due to the processes associated with the generation of electricity and motor transport. Very high concentrations of benzo[a]pyrene (hazard class 1), formaldehyde (hazard class 1) and particulate matter in Ulan-Ude contribute to an increase in the incidence of children and adults. High depreciation of environmental protection equipment, insufficient expenditures on atmospheric protection measures, and comparability of payments for normative and excessive pollution determine the inefficiency of the existing environmental policy.
Economical and geographical analysis of the demographic situation in the Baikal region
Authors: Zangeeva N R , Badmaev A G , Ayusheeva V G
Published: August 2019

The Baikal region is an integral regional settlement system. Modern social and economic transformations have had a significant negative impact on the demographic situation in the region. Low level of social and economic development, raw material orientation of the economy, vulnerable cross-border situation, depopulation, aging and outflow of population, all of this endanger the sustainable development of the region. The paper considers the spatial and temporal dynamics of demographic processes, reveals the trends of decrease in the population of the territory due to unfavorable demographic and migration situation.
Lipid biomarkers in paleoreconstruction of lake sedimentogenesis
Authors: Ts Pintaeva E
Published: August 2019

Lakes are important paleoenvironmental archives retaining abundant information due to their typical high sedimentation rates and susceptibility to environmental changes. Lipid biomarkers distributions in surface sediments were determined using gas chromatography (GC) and GC-mass-spectrometry in order to investigate the lipid biomarkers signature in sediments of four lakes of the Baikal region. They are linked to autochthonous and/or allochthonous sources, which can lead to distinct lipid molecular distributions. Lipid biomarkers of terrestrial origin (i.e. high-molecular weight n-alkanoic acids, n-alkanols, dicarboxylic acids, β-sitosterol) and aquatic source (i.e. short chain fatty acids, hydroxy fatty acids, etc.) were detected in all lakes in different ratios. The results of this study show the compatibility of different lipid biomarkers in assessing the origin of organic matter. Therefore, lipid molecular proxies in combination with molecular distribution of n-alkanes, dD or D/H ratios, palynological studies, etc. can be applied as paleoclimate and paleoenvironment proxies.
Chemical composition of surface water in the main tributaries of Lake Baikal – the Selenga and the Barguzin Rivers
Authors: Bazarzhapov Ts Zh , Shiretorova V G , Radnaeva L D , Suocheng D , Tulokhonov A K
Published: August 2019

Lake Baikal is one of the oldest fresh water bodies on the planet, where the largest available water reserves are concentrated. River runoff plays an important role in the overall balance of substances entering the Lake. The Selenga River is the main tributary of Lake Baikal, in the basin of which, unlike other tributaries, a large number of industrial, agricultural, processing enterprises, settlements and cities are concentrated. The Barguzin River is the third largest river flowing into Lake Baikal, is the basin where intensive development in agriculture and forestry has undertaken. This paper presents the results of the analysis of surface water samples of the Selenga and Barguzin rivers collected during 2015-2016. In 2015, the water level for the Selenga and Barguzin rivers was characterized by extremely low water content, which caused an increase in the concentrations of major ions and trace elements in surface waters. The more favorable water regime in 2016 caused a significant decrease in ion concentrations. Maximum concentrations of iron and manganese are observed in winter and during flooding in the spring. In conditions of low water content, increased copper and zinc contents were also observed in the surface water of the Lake tributaries.
Application of biological preparation for bioremediation of oil-contaminated soils of the tank farm
Authors: Popova N I , Glyaznetsova Yu S , Erofeevskaya L A
Published: August 2019

The paper presents the results of an experiment on the biological purification of permafrost soils from oil pollution with use biological preparations on the basis of hydrocarbon-oxidizing microorganisms. Biological preparations were used in two modifications - in liquid form as a suspension and in dry form as a suspension immobilized on organic granules. It has been established that dry form of a biological preparation is more effective for the purification of permafrost soils from oil than a liquid microbial suspension. For 1 month in dry conditions and a strongly alkaline soil environment, the use of a dry biological preparation allowed reducing the concentration of oil pollution by up to 60 %. The change of the chemical structure of extracts of soil samples was investigated with use the method of IR-Fourier spectroscopy. The increase of the relative absorption coefficients of oxygen-containing groups and bonds pointed (indicated) on the course of oxidative destruction.
Anti-corrosion action of the extract of the larix sibiric barrus with different methods applying on the surface of metal
Authors: Kuzmina I E , Fedorova A I
Published: August 2019

This article provides a method of the larch bark extract applying on a metal surface and also determining its anticorrosive protective action. It has been established that the protective effect of the larch bark extract was 37.5%, and when applying the extract after phosphoric acid, the protective effect increases to 65%, since the formed iron phosphates, having a porous structure, are a good primer and increase the adhesion of the rust converter. The sequence of the solutions application was determined: firstly, phosphoric acid and only after that the extract of larch bark. This sequence of components application leads to an improvement of the anticorrosion characteristics of the studied extract: at the same time, the protective effect of the extract Z and the inhibiting factor of corrosion γ increase 1.7-1.8 times.
Bioresorbable polymer matrices impregnated with BMP-2
Authors: Minaeva S A , Antonov E N , Vasilyev A V , Bukharova T B , Galitsina E V , Popov V K
Published: August 2019

Bioresorbable matrices from poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) containing therapeutically significant concentrations of bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP-2) was formed by super-critical fluid encapsulation and surface-selective laser sintering. Biocompatibility of these matrices and the kinetics of BMP-2 release from their volume into physiological saline was investigated. It was shown experimentally that the release of BMP-2 was almost uniform for 15 days. The subsequent use of laser sintering contributed to a longer retention of BMP-2. High cytocompatibility of the obtained matrices with cultures of mesenchymal stem cells was shown in vitro.
Total saikosaponin content in some species of Bupleurum L
Authors: Tykheev Zh A , Taraskin V V , Radnaeva L D , Zhang F Q , Chen S L
Published: August 2019

The aim of this study was to determine the total saikosaponin content in some species of Bupleurum L. genus. For the first time, the saikosaponin content was investigated in roots of B. scorzonerifolium from Buryatia and Mongolia. The differences in the quantitative content of saikosaponins in the B. scorzonerifolium roots can be explained by the possible polymorphism of this plant. Dynamic change of the total saikosaponin content in roots of B. scorzonerifolium in different phenophases didn’t undergo significant changes. The total saikosaponin content was at the highest level in the roots of B. bicaule.
Oil filled polymer composites based on ultrahigh-molecular-weight polyethylene
Authors: Nikiforov L A , Efimova T E , Okhlopkova T A
Published: August 2019

In recent years, a method of increasing the frictional properties of polymeric materials by introducing liquid lubricating oils into their composition has become widespread. The aim of this work is to create new wear-resistant polymer composite materials based on ultrahigh-molecular-weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) with liquid-phase filling. When UHMWPE is filled with lubricating oil, there is an increase in wear resistance by 4 times compared with the original UHMWPE.
The sustained-release effect of triple anti-tuberculosis drugs carried by calcium sulfate/poly-amino acid compound materials in bone tuberculosis lesion
Authors: Wang Na , Zou Yongyan , Yang Kang , Wang Jinguo
Published: August 2019

This article is to review the research progress of the sustained-release effect of triple anti-tuberculosis drugs carried by calcium sulfate/poly-amino acid compound in bone tuberculosis lesion, and to investigate the biocompatibility, sustained-release and antituberculosis properties of calcium sulfate/poly-amino acid compound materials from the aspects of tissue engineering modification. Papers from January 2000 to February 2019 are retrieved in PubMed database and Web of Science database. Searching words are “bone tuberculosis, biocompatibility, sustained release, anti-tuberculosis, calcium sulfate/poly-amino acid”. A total number of 26 articles were included. After the artificial sustained release system of calcium sulfate/poly-amino acid containing triple anti-tuberculosis drugs was put into the bone tuberculosis lesion, the anti-tuberculosis drugs could be released slowly and continuously for up to three months according to results of the related papers. This locally sustained release effect is caused by the direct diffusion of anti-tuberculosis drugs from the carriers and the dispersion of drugs caused by the exposure of drug groups between calcium sulfate crystals after the degradation of the artificial material. The drug concentrations of the three antituberculosis drugs in the bone and lumbago major muscle tissues at each detection time point were higher than those in venous blood. Three anti-tuberculosis drugs carried by calcium sulfate/poly-amino acid compound can be simultaneously released and sustained-released into the bone lesion. It is more efficient and faster to kill tuberculosis bacillus than the single-drug slow-release material which was previously studied, and consistent with the principle of using anti-tuberculosis drugs.
Study on the application of embolization materials of polyvinyl alcohol particles
Authors: Wang Na , Gao Jialin , Wu Yu , Han Wei
Published: August 2019

The application, advantages and disadvantages of PVA particle embolization materials were analyzed retrospectively, and the correlation between the application field and the choice of embolization materials was discussed, which provided a reference for clinical treatment. Relevant literatures in PubMed and Web of Science databases were searched, and the literature on clinical application and experimental research of embolic materials was systematically evaluated. The embolization mechanism, advantages and disadvantages, and clinical application of PVA particle embolization materials were discussed. Polyvinyl alcohol particles are such kind of polymer material that insoluble in water, high expansion coefficient, mechanical embolization of blood vessels, no sensitization reaction, no systemic acute toxicity, no intradermal stimulation reaction, safe and effective use. The adhesive liquid embolism material has no vascular toxicity and has been widely used. The application and upgrading of thrombolytic surface materials can significantly improve the blood compatibility of the materials. All kinds of embolic materials have their own advantages and disadvantages, and none of them can be suitable for all diseases. Therefore, it is very important to choose suitable embolic materials for safe and effective treatment.
Investigation on the water resistance of the fly-ash modified magnesium phosphate cement
Authors: Sun Sihui , Liu Runqing , Zhao Xingke , Zhang Yao , Yang Yuanquan
Published: August 2019

In order to improve the water resistance of magnesium phosphate cement (MPC), the flexural strength, compressive strength, strength retention rate and mass retention rate under different immersion conditions, were tested by XRD and SEM methods by adding 30%, 35%, 40%, 45% and 50% fly ash. The mechanism of fly ash improving the water resistance of magnesium phosphate cement was analyzed. The results show that when fly ash content is 35%, the mechanical properties of magnesium phosphate cement (MPC) reach the optimal, and the strength retention rate and mass retention rate are improved. Fly ash modified by magnesium phosphate cement produces no new hydration products. After it is soaked in water, a large number of flake like k-struvite are produced on the surface of MgO particles. Few cracks forms on the surface, which reduces the porosity and enhances the compactness, thus improving the water resistance of MPC cement.
Effect of particle size distribution of slag on the strength and pore structure of low-temperature concrete
Authors: Li Yao , Teng Na , Liu Runqing , Cui Yunpeng
Published: August 2019

In order to study the effect of particle size distribution of slag on strength and pore structure of the concrete at low temperature, the particle sizes of slag were divided into four grades, namely, 5∼10 μm, 10∼15 μm, 15∼20 μm and 20∼26 μm. The influence of particle size distribution of slag on the compressive strength and pore structure of low temperature concrete cured for 3 days, 7 days and 14 days were analyzed. The results show that different particle size distribution of slag leads to different pore structure and strength of concrete. When the slag with the size is of 10∼15μm, the concrete obtains the best performance, regardless of curing temperature. In addition, the decreasing granularity of slag improves the pore structure and increases the density of concrete.
Metal fault analysis and preventive measures for grounding accessories of 110kV cable outdoor terminal
Authors: Xie Y , Yang L , Li W , Liu Y L
Published: August 2019

There were three grounding metal faults of the 110 kV outdoor cable terminals, i.e., cracked weld between grounding copper block and the cable tail pipe, no fastened grounding copper block connecting bolt and no fixed grounding wire connected to the grounding copper block, respectively. Precautionary measures were proposed from three stages of design, including installation, operation and maintenance. It was recommended to improve the welding design during the design phase. In the installation stage, it was necessary to strictly control the construction quality control, attach importance to the connection of bolts and gaskets, and improve the fixing of the grounding wire. For the operation and maintenance phase, it was important to strengthen the targeted inspection of the grounding point of the cable terminal and the grounding wire, and to non-destructively test the quality of the weld during the power failure maintenance, which was an effective measure to ensure the safe operation of the grounded metal.
Research on rapid qualitative detection of lead in pyrotechnic powder used for fireworks and firecrackers
Authors: Wu Junyi
Published: August 2019

This study discloses a method for qualitatively quick detecting the leading element for fireworks and firecrackers based on energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometer (EDXRF), including the following steps: preparation of samples, establishment of detection methods, determination of the characteristic line fluorescence intensity values of Sb element in samples. The method of the study has the advantages like that: (1) the method is simple to operate, and the method can be repeatedly called for testing. Only one new test method needs to be built before the sample test. After the method is established, the test can be repeated at different times without re-establishing the test method for each test. After the first establishment of the new test method, the entire test process only includes three steps: sample preparation, sample loading into the sample cup and on-board testing. (2) The detection period is extremely short. After the sample is prepared, the entire measurement process takes only about 2 minutes. (3) Labor intensity is very low and the requirements for operators are not high. (4) The method has good stability, good repeatability and high credibility.
Fracture failure analysis of driving crankshaft of substation circuit breaker
Authors: Li D K , Liu X , Duan M C , Yang J W , Xie Y
Published: August 2019

Fracture failure analysis of the driving crankshaft of a substation circuit breaker was conducted by means of macroscopic inspection, magnetic particle testing, spectroscopic analysis, mechanical property test and metallographic examination. The analysis results show that the fractured crankshaft is in the cast state, the manufacturer has not carried out follow-up heat treatment after casting, and there are large residual stresses and even cracks in the castings. Finite element analysis shows that the new driving crankshaft produced by Q235-A forged steel plate has higher safety performance and can replace the driving crankshaft produced by casting process.
Spatial and temporal tools for building a human cell atlas
Authors: Cool Jonah , Conroy Richard S. , Hanlon Sean E. , Hughes Shannon K. , Roy Ananda L.
Published: August 2019

Improvements in the sensitivity, content, and throughput of microscopy, in the depth and throughput of single-cell sequencing approaches, and in computational and modeling tools for data integration have created a portfolio of methods for building spatiotemporal cell atlases. Challenges in this fast-moving field include optimizing experimental conditions to allow a holistic view of tissues, extending molecular analysis across multiple timescales, and developing new tools for 1) managing large data sets, 2) extracting patterns and correlation from these data, and 3) integrating and visualizing data and derived results in an informative way. The utility of these tools and atlases for the broader scientific community will be accelerated through a commitment to findable, accessible, interoperable, and reusable data and tool sharing principles that can be facilitated through coordination and collaboration between programs working in this space.
B-23 Non-Motor Symptom Profile in Parkinson’s Disease Patients and its impact on Quality of Life
Authors: Sabbah-Talasazan L , Miller J , Wertheimer J
Published: August 2019

Objective

Non-motor Symptoms (NMS) in Parkinson’s Disease (PD) are known to be diverse and may include cognitive, psychiatric and sleep disturbance, fatigue, and autonomic disorders (e.g., cardiovascular dysregulation, orthostatic hypotension, thermo-dysregulation, sexual dysfunction, urinary and bowel dyscontrol). The aim of this study was to define the NMS profile in a large sample of PD patients with and without Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS) and its impact on quality of life (QOL).

Method

Cross-sectional, survey-based research design was used. 1,164 individuals with PD participated in this survey: 275 participants who underwent DBS and 889 without DBS. Participants completed the Non-Motor Symptom Scale (NMSS) and answered questions assessing the impact of NMS on everyday life. Participants were divided into younger (ages 50-69) and older (ages 70+) age cohorts and disease duration cohorts with early stage ( < 6 years) and advanced stage (6-10 years; 11+ years) groups.

Results

24 out of 31 NMS categories were experienced by more than 50% of the participants. Urination difficulty, fatigue, sleep, constipation, and cognitive difficulties were symptoms most frequently reported to adversely impact day-to-day living, and cognitive difficulties followed by sleep disturbance had the strongest impact to quality of life.

Conclusions

NMS burden drives quality of life for many individuals and has remained a relatively new frontier for exploration, at least in depth and scope as it relates to assessment and treatment of NMS. Management of NMS remains an unmet need for individuals with PD. Implications for neuropsychologists are discussed.
B-32 The Use of Repeat Neuropsychological Assessment to Guide Treatment of Possible Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus in a Complex Case
Authors: Schneider S , Weiss E , Facchini R , Shagalow S , Jacobs S , McGinley J , Masur D
Published: August 2019

Objective

Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus (NPH) is a condition that is characterized by the buildup of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in the brain that can cause urinary incontinence, gait disturbance, and cognitive impairment. NPH can be progressive but may be managed or reversed with shunt placement. External Lumbar Drainage (ELD) trials in determining if shunt placement is appropriate are common, but the role of repeat neuropsychological assessments during ELD procedures is not well documented in the literature. Repeat, pre-, peri and post- ELD trial, assessment in a complex case of possible NPH is presented.

Method

33-year-old Hispanic English-Speaking female with cognitive/memory complaints following intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) secondary to vasculopathy was initially seen for post IVH outpatient neuropsychological evaluation. MRI showed enlarged ventricles/communicating hydrocephalus and workup for NPH was initiated. Repeat inpatient evaluations were completed during the ELD trial, with annual outpatient neuropsychological follow-up.

Results

Gait evaluation was inconclusive. Inpatient testing demonstrated minor improvement immediately following ELD opening, but performances were variable across the 4 days of re-evaluation. Shunt placement was rejected due to neuropsychological findings. Outpatient follow-up of patient over several years has demonstrated mild improvement and not evidence of cognitive decline since ELD trial.

Conclusions

Assessment of cognitive functioning in outpatient and inpatient settings before, during, and for several years following ELD testing was beneficial to ascertain the decision not to place a shunt. Repeat neuropsychological assessment in inpatient and outpatient settings provided crucial information for guiding treatment decisions.
B-40 Language Performance Is Indirectly Related to Social Functioning through Schizotypal Traits
Authors: Angers K , Suhr J
Published: August 2019

Objective

Individuals with schizotypy have personality traits similar to clinical symptoms of schizophrenia (SZ) but do not meet diagnostic criteria for SZ. One core deficit observed in individuals with SZ and schizotypy is social impairment (SI), although underlying mechanisms of SI are not well understood. Research suggests that, in individuals with SZ, neurocognition is indirectly related to functional outcomes through clinical symptoms. Across the SZ spectrum, cognitive deficits precede the development of both clinical symptoms and SI. Thus, there is reason to believe that in schizotypy, cognitive functioning may also be indirectly related to social functioning through schizotypal traits. However, this relationship has not yet been explored.

Method

The present study examined the relationships among language performance, schizotypal traits, and social functioning in an undergraduate sample (n = 133). Schizotypal traits were measured by the Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire which was used to create high (n = 57) and low (n = 66) schizotypy groups.

Results

High schizotypy reported greater SI (p < .001) than low schizotypy, but groups did not differ on language performance (all p’s >.05). In the high group only, schizotypal traits were negatively related to performance on some language tasks (p < .01), and to self-reported social functioning (p < .01); and, an indirect relationship between language performance and social functioning through schizotypal traits was observed (B = 13.86, 95% CI [2.87, 28.67]).

Conclusions

Findings are similar to those observed in SZ and may improve understanding of the mechanisms of SI to better target treatment efforts in SZ spectrum populations.
B-57 Post-traumatic Stress Disorder is a Stronger Predictor of Long-term Neurobehavioral Outcome than Traumatic Brain Injury Severity in U.S. Military Service Members
Authors: Lange R , French L , Lippa S , Bailie J , Brickell T
Published: August 2019

Objective

The purpose of this study was to examine long-term neurobehavioral outcome in SMVs with versus without PTSD following TBI of all severities.

Methods

Participants were 536 SMVs recruited into three experimental groups (TBI, injured controls [IC], non-injured controls [NIC]). Participants completed the PTSD Checklist and the TBI-Quality of Life (TBI-QOL). Participants were divided into six subgroups based on the three experimental categories, two PTSD categories (i.e., present/absent), and two broad TBI severity categories (i.e., ‘unMTBI’ [includes uncomplicated mild TBI]; and ‘smcTBI’ [includes severe TBI, moderate TBI, and complicated mild TBI): (1) NIC/PTSD-Absent, (2) IC/PTSD-Absent, (3) unMTBI/PTSD-Absent, (4) unMTBI/PTSD-Present, (5) smcTBI/PTSD-Absent, and (6) smcTBI/PTSD-Present.

Results

There were significant main effects across the six groups for all TBI-QOL measures (p < .001). Select pairwise comparisons revealed significantly worse scores (p < .001) on all TBI-QOL measures in all PTSD-Present groups compared to the PTSD-Absent groups (i.e., Group 3v4 and 5v6; d = 0.90 to 2.11). In contrast, when controlling for PTSD, there were no significant differences between the TBI severity groups for all TBI-QOL measures (i.e., Group 3v5 and 4v6). In the TBI sample, a series of step-wise regression analyses revealed that PTSD, but not TBI severity, was consistently a strong predictor of all TBI-QOL scales (all p’s < .001), accounting for up to 64% of the variance.

Conclusions

These results provide support for the very strong influence of PTSD, but not TBI severity, on long-term neurobehavioral outcome following TBI. Concurrent PTSD and TBI of all severities should be considered a risk factor for poor long-term neurobehavioral outcome that requires ongoing monitoring.
B-62 Using Single-Item Reporting on the Neurobehavioral Symptom Inventory to Determine Minimum Thresholds of Clinical Anxiety in a Polytrauma Veteran Sample.
Authors: Palmer G , Falcone G , Arch A , Olson S
Published: August 2019

Objective

The Neurobehavioral Symptom Inventory (NSI) is a self-report measure used to evaluate physical and mental health symptoms secondary to traumatic brain injury (TBI) in the Department of Veterans Affairs health care system. There has been little research examining the relationship between anxiety reported on the NSI and other anxiety screening measures. The purpose of the study was to compare single-item response on item 19 (i.e., feeling anxious or tense) of the NSI to symptoms as reported on the Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI).

Method

Retrospective data collected from veteran patients (N = 321) of a polytrauma outpatient clinic were used in the analyses. Veterans whose cutoff scores exceeded an embedded validity scale (i.e., NSI Validity-10) or had missing data were excluded. Receiver Operating Curve (ROC) analysis was conducted to determine which item score (i.e., score of 0-4) on the NSI best classified the presence of anxiety as measured by a BAI cut-off score greater than 7 (i.e., mild anxiety).

Results

There were 82 subjects who tested positive for anxiety based on a score of 3 on item 19 of the NSI. The ROC analysis was significant (AUC = .692, p < .001; 95% CI = .633 - .750). A score greater than 7 on the BAI yielded a sensitivity rate of .976 and a specificity rate of .711.

Conclusions

These results indicate that item 19 of the NSI is suggestive of a positive screen for mild anxiety in polytrauma samples with scores of 3 or greater indicating that further assessment of anxiety is recommended.
B-68 The Effect of Bilingualism on Stroop Performance in Traumatic Brain Injury Survivors and Healthy Adults
Authors: Knight J , Arzuyan A , Lopez-Hernandez W , Litvin P , Cervante R , Rugh-Fraser R , Torres E , Magassarian S , Fatoorechi S , Bichlmeier ABueno A , Hardy D , Vespa P , Plurad D , Hovda D , Woo E , Fuster J , Budding D , Wright M
Published: August 2019

Objective

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) affects neurocognition. Speaking multiple languages can also influence cognitive test performances. We examined the relationship between TBI and monolingualism/bilingualism on a task of attention and response inhibition (Stroop Color Word Test; SCWT).

Method

The sample (N = 96) consisted of 37 healthy controls (19 bilingual; 18 monolingual), 32 acute TBI participants (12 bilingual; 20 monolingual), and 27 chronic TBI participants (16 bilingual; 11 monolingual). Acute TBI participants were tested 6 months post-injury and chronic TBI participants were tested 12 months or more post-injury. The SCWT included the word (SCWT-W), color (SCWT-C), and color-word interference (SCWT-I) conditions. All participants passed performance validity testing. 3X2 ANOVAs were conducted to examine the relationship between TBI and monolingualism/bilingualism on SCWT performances.

Results

Group effects (control and TBI groups) were found for all Stroop measures. We found main effects of TBI on SCWT-W, p = .013, ηp² = .09, SCWT-C, p = .001, ηp² = .14, and SCWT-I, p = .022, ηp² = .08, with the controls outperforming acute TBI survivors on SCWT-I, chronic TBI survivors on SCWT-W, and both TBI groups on SCWT-C. We also observed main effects of language for SCWT-C, p = .012, ηp² = .07, and SCWT-I, p = .003, ηp² = .09, with the monolinguals outperforming bilinguals on SCWT-C and SCWT-I. However, no significant interactions between TBI and language were found.

Conclusion

As expected, the control group outperformed TBI survivors on the SCWT. Monolinguals outperformed bilinguals on all Stroop measures except SCWT-W condition. Our findings seem to suggest that monolingual speakers may have better attention and response inhibition abilities that resulted in better SCWT performance.