bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Increased β-Cell Replication and β-Cell Mass Regeneration in Syngeneically Transplanted Rat Islets Overexpressing Insulin-Like Growth Factor II
Authors: Estil·les Elisabet , Téllez Noèlia , Escoriza Jessica , Montanya Eduard
Published: April 2012

Insulin-like growth factor II (IGF2) is a growth-promoting peptide that increases β-cell proliferation and survival. The aim of the study was to determine the effect of IGF2 overexpression on β-cell mass in transplanted islets. Islets infected with adenovirus encoding for IGF2 (Ad-IGF2 group), for luciferase (Ad-Luc control group), or with uninfected islets (control group) were syngeneically transplanted to streptozotocin-diabetic Lewis rats. Eight hundred islets, a minimal mass model to restore normoglycemia, or 500 islets, a clearly insufficient mass, were transplanted. Rats transplanted with 800 Ad-IGF2 islets showed a better metabolic evolution than control groups. As expected, rats transplanted with 500 Ad-IGF2 or control islets maintained similar hyperglycemia throughout the study, ensuring comparable metabolic conditions among both groups. β-Cell replication was higher in Ad-IGF2 group than in control group on days 3 [1.45% (IQR: 0.26) vs. 0.58% (IQR: 0.18), p = 0.006], 10 [1.58% (IQR: 1.40) vs. 0.90% (IQR: 0.61), p = 0.035], and 28 [1.35% (IQR: 0.35) vs. 0.64% (IQR: 0.28), p = 0.004] after transplantation. β-Cell mass was similarly reduced on day 3 after transplantation in Ad-IGF2 and control group [0.36 mg (IQR: 0.26) vs. 0.38 mg (IQR: 0.19)], it increased on day 10, and on day 28 it was higher in Ad-IGF2 than in control group [0.63 mg (IQR: 0.38) vs. 0.42 mg (IQR: 0.31), p = 0.008]. Apoptosis was similarly increased in Ad-IGF2 and control islets after transplantation. No differences in insulin secretion were found between Ad-IGF2 and uninfected control islets. In summary, IGF2 overexpression in transplanted islets increased β-cell replication, induced the regeneration of the transplanted β-cell mass, and had a beneficial effect on the metabolic outcome reducing the β-cell mass needed to achieve normoglycemia.
Interface Mobilities for Characterization of Structure-Borne Sound Sources with Multi-Point Coupling
Authors: Bonhoff H. A. , Eslami A.
Published: April 2012

The concept of source descriptor and coupling function is commonly recognized to form a rigorous basis for structure-borne sound source characterization. While this concept initially is valid for the single-point case only, it can be extended to sources with multi-point coupling by
including the interface mobility approach. By considering a continuous interface that passes all contact points, the velocities, forces and mobilities are series expanded into interface orders by means of a spatial Fourier decomposition. The use of a continuous formulation for the multi-point
case, however, can be problematic from a practical point of view. This paper discusses a reformulation of the interface mobility approach for a simplified calculation and clarified interpretation of the interface orders. With a discrete Fourier series as a basis for the interface mobility
approach, the interface is reduced to a set of points and the interface orders are shown to describe the interplay of the data at the contact points. A discrete formulation furthermore yields simplified equations and a strict upper bound for the number of orders that have to be included, thus
enhancing the practicability of interface mobilities for source characterization.
Acoustic Reflection Localization from Room Impulse Responses
Authors: Tervo Sakari , Pätynen Jukka , Lokki Tapio
Published: April 2012

The localization of acoustic reflections, i.e., the image-sources, is of interest when analyzing the acoustics of concert halls and auditoriums. The location is needed, for example, in room acoustic studies, auralization, inference of room geometry, or when estimating the acoustic properties
of surfaces. This article studies the localization of acoustic reflections from spatial impulse responses. The contribution of this article is threefold. First, the article proposes a new method for localization that takes advantage of the time of arrival (TOA) estimation. Secondly, it is
proposed that TOA and time diff erence of arrival (TDOA) information, present in the spatial room impulse responses, are combined in two novel ways. Thirdly, the performance of the proposed localization methods is compared to the existing state-of-the-art localization methods in the acoustic
reflection localization task. Theoretical performance is investigated and experiments using real and simulated data are conducted. The TOA-based methods are found to achieve reasonably good performance in the reflection localization task. When TOA and TDOA information is combined the performance
clearly improves.
Perceptual Thresholds for Acoustical Guitar Models
Authors: Woodhouse J. , Manuel E. K. Y. , Smith L. A. , Wheble A. J. C. , Fritz C.
Published: April 2012

Synthesised acoustic guitar sounds based on a detailed physical model are used to provide input for psychoacoustical testing. Thresholds of perception are found for changes in the main parameters of the model. Using a three-alternative forced-choice procedure, just-noticeable diff erences
are presented for changes in frequency and damping of the modes of the guitar body, and also for changes in the tension, bending stiff ness and damping parameters of the strings. These are compared with measured data on the range of variation of these parameters in a selection of guitars.
Sound Quality Evaluation of Hand-Held Power Tools
Authors: Horvat M. , Domitrovi H. , Jambrošić K.
Published: April 2012

Sound quality evaluation in the context of product sound quality has been addressed and investigated on hand-held power tools. Out of those, power drills, hand-held circular saws and jigsaws have been chosen as the products of interest. A series of listening tests has been conducted
in order to ascertain how people perceive not only the sound emitted by these devices in operation, but also certain properties of the devices themselves, such as their quality, safety of handling, robustness, proper functioning and others. The values of objective parameters describing the
sounds of these devices were obtained. Well known parameters such as loudness, sharpness and roughness were used, and certain new parameters were defined. Linear regression models were made for subjective parameters describing the perception of the devices using relevant objective parameters
as an attempt to model the subjective grades obtained through listening tests and to predict such grades for future products to be included in the investigation. Based on individual parameters, a single-number overall grade was defined.
Building a Rheumatology Education Academy: Insights from Assessment of Needs During a Rheumatology Division Retreat
Authors: BERMAN JESSICA R. , AIZER JULIET , BASS ANNE R. , CATS-BARIL WILLIAM L. , PARRISH EDWARD J. , ROBBINS LAURA , SALMON JANE E. , PAGET STEPHEN A.
Published: April 2012

Objective.

To implement a rheumatology department education retreat to systematically identify and address the key factors necessary to improve medical education in our division in preparation for developing a rheumatology academy.

Methods.

The Hospital for Special Surgery organized a retreat for the Rheumatology Department aimed at (1) providing formal didactics and (2) assessing participants’ self-reported skills and interest in education with the goal of directing this information toward formalizing improvement. In a mixed-methods study design, faculty and fellows in the Division of Rheumatology were surveyed online pre- and post-retreat regarding various aspects of the current education program, their teaching abilities, interest and time spent in teaching, divisional resources allocated, and how education is valued.

Results.

Enthusiasm for teaching was high before and rose further after the retreat. Confidence in abilities was higher than expected before but fell afterward. Many noted that the lack of specific feedback on teaching skills and useful metrics to assess performance prevented the achievement of educational excellence. Most responding felt lack of time, knowledge of how to teach well, and resources prevented them from making greater commitments to educational endeavors and participating fully and effectively in the department’s teaching activities.

Conclusion.

While most rheumatology faculty members want to improve as teachers, they know neither where their educational strengths and weaknesses lie nor where or how to begin to change their teaching abilities. The key elements for an academy would thus be an educational environment that elevates the quality of teaching throughout the division and promotes teaching careers and education research, and raises the importance and quality of teaching to equivalence with clinical care and research.
Polymorphisms of the Genes EncodingCD40and Growth Differentiation Factor 15 and in the 9p21.3 Region in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis and Cardiovascular Disease
Authors: ÄRLESTIG LISBETH , RANTAPÄÄ-DAHLQVIST SOLBRITT
Published: April 2012

Objective.

Genes or gene products associated with coronary artery disease in the general population were analyzed in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients with atherothrombotic manifestations (ATM).

Methods.

A cross-sectional study of 681 individuals (498 women; 183 men) with RA (American College of Rheumatology criteria), a mean age of 60.6 ± 13.2 years, and mean disease duration of 15.5 ± 12.6 years who were consecutively recruited and followed for 6 years. The prevalence of ATM [i.e., myocardial infarction, angina pectoris with intervention, deep vein thrombosis/pulmonary embolism (DVT/PE), and/or stroke/transient ischemic attack (TIA)] was recorded. Polymorphisms were analyzed in the genes coding for growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15)/monocyte inhibitory cytokine-1 (MIC-1; rs1058587),CD40(rs1535045 and rs3765459), and the 9p21.3 locus (rs1333049). Controls were randomly selected (n = 687; matched for age and sex).

Results.

The distribution of genotypes ofGDF15/MIC-1differed significantly between patients with RA and controls (chi-squared = 6.40, 2 df, p = 0.041). ATM were associated with polymorphism of theGDF15/MIC-1G allele (OR 2.21, 95% CI 1.17–4.18), and with CC genotype of the 9p21.3 locus (rs1333049; OR 1.92, 95% CI 1.15–3.19). Stroke/TIA in women was associated withGDF15/MIC-1GG genotype (OR 3.75, 95% CI 1.06–13.33), while stroke/TIA in men was associated withCD40homozygous major alleles (OR 6.48, 95% CI 1.31–32.0 and OR 2.78, 95% CI 0.78–9.91, respectively). DVT/PE was associated with polymorphism in theGDF15/MIC-1gene (rs1058587) minor allele (OR 3.53, 95% CI 1.30–9.58).

Conclusion.

The gene polymorphisms analyzed were associated with different ATM in RA. TheGDF15/MIC-1gene polymorphism was also associated with RAper se, suggesting a common etiology for RA and ATM.
Un serious game junior, vecteur d'estime de soi et d'apprentissages pour des élèves de CM2
Authors: Cerezo Catherine
Published: April 2012

Résumé Face aux nouveaux défis de formation des jeunes, le serious game junior constitue une nouvelle pédagogie, valorisante, motivante et efficace. La présente étude est axée d’une part sur l’estime de soi et la motivation intrinsèque, en raison de leurs corrélations avec les performances scolaires, et d’autre part sur le genre, celui-ci ayant une incidence sur l’estime de soi et sur la motivation intrinsèque. Aussi, cette expérimentation, réalisée en 2009-2010, étudie les effets de la pratique d’un serious game historique et culturel, « L’Oricou », sur l’estime de soi de l’élève, sur ses apprentissages et sur sa motivation, avec de possibles variations en fonction du genre. Le serious game a été proposé à des élèves de CM2, à raison de deux séances hebdomadaires de 45 minutes pendant cinq semaines. Pour l’expérimentation, ont été utilisé en pré- et post-test le SEI ( Self Esteem Inventory ) de S. Coopersmith, ainsi que des questionnaires pour mesurer les variations de connaissances et de motivation pour l’histoire et la culture. Les résultats montrent, entre autres, un effet du jeu sur l’estime de soi des garçons beaucoup plus important que sur celle des filles, des connaissances acquises plus avancées pour les filles que pour les garçons, et une motivation plus grande des élèves pour l’histoire et la culture.
World of warcraft : une approche thématique et psychanalytique
Authors: Thiry Benjamin
Published: April 2012

Résumé Le jeu de rôle en ligne massivement multi-joueurs World of Warcraft (WoW) dispose d’une trame scénaristique complexe et profonde. Le joueur évolue dans cette trame qui donne sens à chaque action accomplie. Nous proposons une interprétation thématique et psychanalytique des thèmes exploités dans WoW. Au travers des quêtes, ce sont notamment les notions d’introjection, de dépassement de la position de toute-puissance, de gestion des pulsions agressives et d’intériorisation du processus civilisateur qui sont activées. Le jeu, à l’instar du conte merveilleux, permettrait de rejouer de manière métaphorique des problématiques psychiques inscrites dans une trame signifiante.
Un adolescent entre deux machines
Authors: Riazuelo Hélène
Published: April 2012

Résumé Au travers d’une étude de cas, ce travail aborde la complexité de conduire simultanément un « travail d’adolescence » et un « travail sur la maladie » pour un adolescent, Dimitri, atteint de maladie somatique grave depuis l’enfance et depuis peu en hémodialyse. Sa dépendance à la machine (le rein artificiel), aux soignants et à sa mère va pour une part à l’encontre du travail d’adolescence. Les différents changements corporels, chez le jeune homme, ont été largement rabattus vers la maladie et vers la mort. À travers une autre machine (l’ordinateur) et à partir de son implication dans un jeu vidéo, il essaie d’élaborer cette expérience en créant son avatar, personnage à la croisée de deux mondes. Il en fait un récit où le jeu et la vie se mélangent, où virtuel et réalité se confondent pour rendre plus supportables la maladie et l’idée qu’il ne peut vivre que grâce à une machine. L’espace du jeu vidéo, espace de jeu qu’il contrôle et partage au cours de la psychothérapie, sert d’espace transitionnel.
Les « pratiques numériques », entre écrit et sociabilité
Authors: Mabilon-Bonfils Béatrice
Published: April 2012

Résumé Avec l’intensification et la complexification des communications utilisant les nouvelles technologies, émerge un nouvel espace public, dépassant la césure virtuel/réel, dans un entrelacement de dispositifs sociaux et de communautés partiellement virtuelles. L’être-ensemble des adolescents s’y exprime par une reconfiguration des différentes formes d’interaction, utilisant « le français tchaté ». Ces pratiques langagières numériques sont-elles un obstacle à l’acquisition de compétences langagières et sociales ?
Les stratégies éducatives des classes supérieures néerlandaises
Authors: Weenink Don
Published: April 2012

Résumé Une enquête menée aux Pays-Bas dans l’enseignement secondaire auprès des gymnasium (qui privilégient la culture classique) et des filières internationales (filières sélectives ouvertes sur la langue anglaise et les échanges avec l’étranger) permet d’étudier les stratégies éducatives des classes supérieures néerlandaises. Trois fractions sont distinguées, les professionals , les managers et les entrepreneurs , qui se caractérisent chacune par un capital prédominant : respectivement, un capital culturel « classique », un capital « organisationnel » et un capital économique. On pourrait penser que chaque fraction envoie ses enfants vers la filière la plus à même de reproduire le capital qui lui est propre. L’enquête fait apparaître que le capital culturel « classique » ( gymnasium ) est valorisé par toutes les fractions des classes supérieures, y compris la bourgeoisie économique qui cherche désormais à convertir son capital économique en capital culturel « classique ». Le capital cosmopolite, celui des écoles internationales, apparaît comme une sorte de « second choix », privilégié par des fractions des classes supérieures plus récentes, aux origines sociales plus diverses, qui misent sur les investissements cosmopolites pour accéder à la bourgeoisie.
Ressources et lignes de clivage parmi les aides à domicile
Authors: Avril Christelle
Published: April 2012

Résumé L’étude du travail des aides à domicile permet d’éclairer le paysage des classes populaires contemporaines et les formes d’autonomie des femmes situées au bas de la structure sociale. En mettant en œuvre un ensemble d’opérations de recherche – combinaison de plusieurs enquêtes statistiques, comparaison des données dans le temps et dans l’espace, articulation des données statistiques et ethnographiques, prise en compte des trajectoires sociales et de leur articulation avec les situations de travail et de hors-travail – l’article fait apparaître la diversité des ressources et capitaux du groupe professionnel et les lignes de clivage qui le traversent. Il invite notamment à prendre en compte les différences de diplômes et les différences de ressources économiques pour saisir les appartenances sociales de ces femmes de classes populaires. Par-delà les différences de « capital d’autochtonie », il propose également de s’intéresser au « capital de mobilité ».
La sémantique de la mort et des funérailles en legs symbolique de nos ancêtres
Authors: Burtscher Alain
Published: April 2012

Résumé Les mots que nous utilisons à propos de la mort, du deuil et des funérailles sont l’héritage que nous ont légué ceux qui nous ont précédés et qui ont vécu des situations analogues aux nôtres. Nous nous proposons de réfléchir à l’origine de ces mots en décortiquant leur étymologie, donc la signification qu’ils avaient pour nos ancêtres, puis nous relèverons les changements de sens qu’ils ont pu connaître au fil des siècles. C’est ainsi que le mot homme renvoie aux ancêtres, à la terre, à la mort, à l’esprit. L’âme va quitter le corps et cette séparation, comme celle d’avec la famille et la communauté, est certes exprimée par des mots, mais toujours ritualisée, ces rites funéraires devant assurer à la fois le repos au mort et sa mémoire, ainsi que la tranquillité aux (sur)vivants. Toutes ces pratiques et les représentations qui les sous-tendent portent des noms riches de signifiants. Dans un second temps, nous examinerons les mots et la forme des discours d’accompagnement, qu’il s’agisse des épitaphes, des éloges ou des élégies.
Une cérémonie pour les tout-petits
Authors: Rocle Jean-Paul
Published: April 2012

Résumé Certains parents venant de perdre leur enfant dans le cadre d’un décès périnatal n’organisent pas d’obsèques. Dans ce cas, ce sont les établissements hospitaliers qui prennent en charge le devenir du corps en confiant au crématorium du Père Lachaise la mise en œuvre de crémations collectives. Ces crémations ne génèrent pas de cendres : c’est la raison pour laquelle un médaillon en céramique accompagne symboliquement cette opération. Ce médaillon est renouvelé tous les trimestres pour être inhumé au pied de la stèle souvenir du cimetière parisien de Thiais. Le crématorium du Père Lachaise propose désormais une cérémonie trimestrielle, organisée en mémoire des tout-petits. L’article évoque l’organisation de cette cérémonie en expliquant ce qui a été imaginé pour pouvoir répondre à une situation de souffrance souvent cachée, pour ne pas dire ignorée, parce que la mort d’un enfant en devenir est encore tabou dans notre société. Les rites, les symboles utilisés, les textes et la musique accompagnant cette cérémonie peuvent être autant de sources d’apaisement et de réconfort pour ces parents qui vivent un deuil périnatal.
The epidemiologic transition and changing concepts of causation and causal inference
Authors: Parascandola Mark
Published: April 2012

Résumé L’épidémiologie est parfois définie comme « la science fondamentale de la santé publique » parce que les épidémiologistes cherchent à identifier les causes de maladies dans le but de promouvoir des actions de prévention. Dans la première moitié du xx e siècle, la discipline épidémiologique, jusqu’alors presque exclusivement limitée aux maladies infectieuses, s’intéressa davantage aux maladies chroniques comme le cancer et les maladies de cœur. Dans le même temps, les épidémiologistes développèrent de nouvelles méthodes de recherche améliorant la surveillance et l’identification des facteurs de risque au niveau des populations. Mais avec ces changements, une nouvelle manière de penser les relations entre cause et effet devint nécessaire. S’intéresser à une multiplicité de facteurs de risque comme causes d’une maladie chronique s’opposait au modèle de la causalité spécifique alors utilisé pour la maladie infectieuse. Par suite, les épidémiologistes des maladies chroniques développèrent des modèles probabilistes multifactoriels de la causalité, influencés par les développements en physique quantique et en biologie. Les nouveaux modèles de la causalité reflétaient la complexité et l’incertitude de la survenue d’une maladie chronique. Par exemple, alors que les fumeurs de cigarettes développent plus fréquemment un cancer du poumon, fumer des cigarettes n’est ni nécessaire ni suffisant pour avoir un cancer du poumon. Les épidémiologistes élaborèrent aussi des règles informelles pour l’inférence causale, qui remplacèrent les postulats de Koch utilisés dans l’étude des maladies infectieuses. Mais ces nouvelles approches de la causalité et de l’inférence causale étaient autant influencées par les besoins pratiques de la santé publique et de la prévention des maladies chroniques que par les nouvelles constatations scientifiques. Alors que certains épidémiologistes continuèrent à défendre l’existence de causes spécifiques et déterministes, ils reconnurent que les modèles probabilistes et non-spécifiques de la causalité de la maladie étaient nécessaires dans la pratique en santé publique.
Rotor Vibration Reduction Using an Embedded Spanwise Absorber
Authors: Austruy Julien , Gandhi Farhan , Lieven Nick
Published: April 2012

This paper examines the effectiveness of an embedded spanwise Coriolis absorber in a rotor blade in reducing the in-plane vibratory hub loads. Simulations based on a light, four-bladed, hingeless rotor helicopter similar to the BO-105 showed that in high-speed flight (140 kt), over
85% reductions in both 4/rev longitudinal and lateral hub shears could nominally be achieved using an absorber mass 3% of the blade mass situated at 60% span, oscillating at 3/rev with an amplitude of about 0.03 ft. If the baseline in-plane vibration levels of the helicopter are increased
to 0.1–0.12 g, the reduction achieved with the same absorber mass are in the range of 60%–70% while the absorber motion increases to 0.15 ft. The phase of the 3/rev absorber motion is critically important to realizing hub vibration reduction, and the absorber tuning frequency
is set to a value close to, but not exactly at 3/rev, to achieve correct phasing. The absorber reduced the 4/rev in-plane hub forces by reducing the magnitude of the 3/rev blade root drag shear while simultaneously reversing the phase of the 3/rev blade root radial shear. The reductions in
vibratory hub forces observed at 140-kt high-speed flight condition were largely preserved as the flight speed was reduced to 100 kt cruise condition, without any need for retuning of the absorber.
A Jerte Valley Cherry-Based Product as a Supply of Tryptophan
Authors: Garrido María , Espino Javier , Toribio-Delgado Antonio F. , Cubero Javier , Maynar-Mariño Juan I. , Barriga Carmen , Paredes Sergio D. , Rodríguez Ana B.
Published: April 2012

L-Tryptophan (tryptophan) is an essential amino acid in humans. It has important roles as a precursor of different bioactive compounds. Based on previous studies in which tryptophan has been shown to be present in fresh cherries, the aim of the present work was to analyze the tryptophan content of a Jerte Valley cherry-based product. A previously optimized method of analysis of tryptophan was used, ie, high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection (HPLC/FL). As expected, HPLC/FL technique permitted to detect and quantify the tryptophan content in a different matrix rather than fresh cherries. In fact, the Jerte Valley cherry-based product contained 69.54 ± 10.64 ppm of tryptophan, thereby showing that this product is a good source of tryptophan. In summary, it has been proven that the Jerte Valley cherry-based product is rich in tryptophan and may be indicated as a supply of this essential amino acid as well as having potential health benefits for conditions where tryptophan is necessary.
Spectral triples and the geometry of fractals
Authors: Christensen Erik , Ivan Cristina , Schrohe Elmar
Published: April 2012

We construct spectral triples for the Sierpinski gasket as infinite sums of unbounded Fredholm modules associated with the holes in the gasket and investigate their properties. For each element in the K-homology group we find a representative induced by one of our spectral triples. Not all of these triples, however, will have the right geometric properties. If we want the metric induced by the spectral triple to give the geodesic distance, then we will have to include a certain minimal family of unbounded Fredholm modules. If we want the eigenvalues of the associated generalized Dirac operator to have the right summability properties, then we get limitations on the number of summands that can be included. If we want the Dixmier trace of the spectral triple to coincide with a multiple of the Hausdorff measure, then we must impose conditions on the distribution of the summands over the gasket. For the elements of a large subclass of the K-homology group, however, the representatives are induced by triples having the desired geometric properties. We finally show that the same techniques can be applied to the Sierpinski pyramid.
Factors Affecting Test-Retest Reliability of the Southern California Postrotary Nystagmus Test
Authors: Royeen Charlotte Brasic
Published: April 2012

More effective clinical use of the Southern California Postrotary Nystagmus Test (SCPNT) may result if factors affecting test reliability were known. An experiment, a pilot study involving primary grade students, was designed to assess whether time of day or sex affected the test. The SCPNT was administered at a 2-week interval to 12 boys and 12 girls and subject responses were noted and compiled. Pearson Correlation Coefficients revealed high reliability for all conditions. No significant differences existed for sex or time of retest. Responses to the SCPNT revealed that it was typical for a subject to demonstrate pleasure but not typical to show alarm, threat, or loss of body balance while rotating.
A Model of Human Occupation, Part 2. Ontogenesis from the Perspective of Temporal Adaptation
Authors: Kielhofner Gary
Published: April 2012

This is the second in a series of four papers that discuss and present a model of human occupation. The first paper presented the structure and content of the model. This paper conceptualizes change according to the model. It introduces the systems concept of hierarchy into the model as a foundation for explaining its ontogenesis. Two facets of change are proposed. The first facet is a series of stages through which occupation is processed. The second is a description of ontogenesis through the life span from the perspective of temporal adaptation.
Mental Health Evaluations Used in Occupational Therapy
Authors: Hemphill Barbara J.
Published: April 2012

To teach students occupational therapy evaluation techniques (or methods) in psychiatry, evaluations currently being used in the field were identified. Three consecutive surveys were sent to occupational therapy faculty, clinical supervisors, and clinicians to ascertain which evaluation techniques were being taught, those which the students were expected to know about in their fieldwork experiences, and those which were practiced in the field. On an average, occupational therapy schools were teaching four evaluation tools. Affiliating students were expected to know about 3 of 24 evaluation tools listed in the survey, and none of the evaluation techniques were being practiced significantly by occupational therapists. Since 75 percent of the therapists reported that they developed their own evaluation tools, it was suggested that instructors be familiar with the existing evaluation tools and teach students the methodology required for developing their own evaluation tools (or instruments).
Personality Characteristics of the Published and Nonpublished Occupational Therapist
Authors: Radonsky Vivienne E.
Published: April 2012

In this study an attempt was made to establish whether or not there is a publishing type among occupational therapists. A group of therapists, published and nonpublished, were given the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator and then asked five additional questions. The results show that published therapists tended to be Extrovert-Intuitive-Thinking-Judging personality types. They also tended to be older, to have graduate training, and to specialize. Nonpublished therapists tended to be Introvert-Sensing-Feeling-Judging personality types. In applying these findings, students and therapists can develop an introspective view of their potential to publish.
A Study of Mentally Retarded Persons: Applied Research in Occupational Therapy
Authors: Kielhofner Gary , Takata Nancy
Published: April 2012

An ongoing project is described in which qualitative research was undertaken to guide development of a service program for retarded adults. Several issues concerning the need for research, the type of research, and research methodology appropriate to occupational therapy are discussed. The research activity as well as some findings and supporting data is presented to illustrate how the investigation was conducted and what kinds of information it yielded. Two subsequent discussions focus on how the findings were used to guide program development and add substantive empirical support to occupational behavior theory.
Temporal Adaptation: Application with Short-term Psychiatric Patients
Authors: Neville Ann
Published: April 2012

This paper begins with a literature review to investigate temporal dysfunction and its relationship to psychopathology and to adaptation. A specific program begun in a short-term hospital with psychiatric patients is then described. This program uses temporal adaptation as a framework for assessing patients’ use of time and for developing methods to increase productive use of time.
Impact of Institutionalization on the Posture of Chronic Schizophrenic Patients
Authors: Beck Mary Ann , Callahan Deborah Klayman
Published: April 2012

In this study the impact of institutionalization on the posture of chronic, undifferentiated schizophrenic patients was examined. The postures of a sample group of schizophrenic patients were measured: this group was then divided into those who had been continuously institutionalized and those who had been intermittently institutionalized. Patients who had been hospitalized for a longer, continuous period were found to have significantly poorer posture than those who were institutionalized for a similar period of time, but only intermittently. The authors raise questions about better understanding of posture and movement for more effective therapy programs.
Proficiency Testing of Academic and Nonacademic Preparation in Five Therapeutic Activities
Authors: Brayley Caroline R. , Hemphill Barbara J.
Published: April 2012

Occupational therapy pre-majors at Cleveland State University (CSU) were required to demonstrate proficiency in five craft areas before admission into the program. Proficiency examinations were constructed to determine the students’ level of knowledge in each craft area. Reliability and validity of the examinations were determined. Using these examinations, a study was conducted to compare the knowledge level of the pre-majors at CSU with that of occupational therapy students throughout the United States on the associate, baccalaureate, and entry-level master’s levels of education. The results of the study demonstrated that CSU students scored significantly higher on the examinations than both the associate and baccalaureate students, and at least as well as the entry-level master’s students.
The Relationship between Professional Productivity and Educational Level, Part 2. Results and Discussion
Authors: Rogers Joan C. , Mann William C.
Published: April 2012

This article concludes the two-part report of a study designed to investigate differences in professional productivity based on the level of education. Career contributions in practice, education, research, publication, professional activities, and health care policy formation were studied. The alumni of various colleges and universities were also compared to determine differences in productivity patterns. The first article reviewed the literature and the methods. The current article details and discusses the findings and offers recommendations for education and research.
A Longitudinal Study Assessing the Quality of Occupational Therapy
Authors: Kirchman Margaret M. , Loomis Barbara
Published: April 2012

A two-part longitudinal study of occupational therapy patients at the University of Illinois was conducted to assess the quality of treatment they received. The first part measures psychosocial objectives and changes on 7 activities of daily living items achieved by 534 patients between admission and discharge. The second part, a follow-up study, measures the same factors between discharge and follow-up on 86 of these patients who met certain criteria. This follow-up study also included measurements of health and life satisfaction.

Significant changes were shown toward independence on all activities of daily living items between admission and discharge. Only three items—dressing, toileting, and self-transfer—changed significantly between discharge and follow-up. Measurements of self-perception of health showed a positive relationship to life satisfaction. Implications for occupational therapy stressed that new methods of delivering service be considered.
An Older Population: Meeting Major Needs through Occupational Therapy
Authors: Winston Ellen Black
Published: April 2012

The United States has belatedly recognized the major demographic changes that have occurred over recent decades. Even more dramatic changes are anticipated between now and the year 2000, and beyond. While the 1961 and 1971 White House Conferences on Aging focused on the growing numbers of older adults, the rapid increase in older Americans up to the present and projected for the future is center stage for the 1981 White House Conference on Aging.
Need Satisfaction of Older Persons Living in the Community and in Institutions, Part 1. The Environment
Authors: Tickle Linda S. , Yerxa Elizabeth J.
Published: April 2012

A descriptive study was conducted that compared the need satisfaction of older persons living in the community and those living in institutions. In the first article of a two-part series, the impact of environment on the satisfaction of needs was examined. Subjects included 20 community and 21 institutionalized older persons. Using Maslow’s need hierarchy as the theoretical framework, it was found that the community environment satisfied belongingness/love and esteem needs to a greater degree than the institutional environment. No difference was found in the satisfaction of physiological, safety, and self-actualization needs between the two environments. Race, mental status, and whether a community resident lived alone or with others were variables that influenced the results. The findings emphasized the complexity of need satisfaction and supported the formulation that environment is a crucial factor in need satisfaction. In the second article, the relationship between engagement in activity and need satisfaction will be explored.
The Development of a Work-Oriented Day Center Program
Authors: Howe Margot C. , Weaver Cecile T. , Dulay Jane
Published: April 2012

A community-based day center for former psychiatric patients developed a new work-oriented pilot program for members who want to change and become more self-directed and independent in their living situations. After a year the pilot program was evaluated. On the basis of the evaluation recommendations, the program became a permanent and expanded part of the center’s activities. The expansion included a strong occupational therapy component and a Transitional Employment Program.
Training Program for a Myo-Electrically Controlled Prosthesis with Sensory Feedback System
Authors: Agnew Patricia J. , Shannon Gerald F.
Published: April 2012

A myo-electrically controlled prosthesis that incorporates a sensory feedback mechanism to provide the wearer with a sense of touch or gripping force in the prosthetic hand was developed for patients with below-elbow amputations. A training protocol was established in which patients were taught to produce myo-electric control signals and to interpret the sensory feedback. The protocol includes functional training in daily living skills. The experiences of four patients trained with these limbs are described.
Effects of a Vestibular Stimulation Program on Stereotypic Rocking Behavior
Authors: Bonadonna Penny
Published: April 2012

This study measures the effect of a vestibular stimulation program on the stereotypic rocking behavior of three severely mentally retarded persons within both experimental and natural settings. A multiple baseline design was used. Frequency and duration of stereotypic rocking behavior were measured by a partial-interval time sample. Results indicated a statistically significant reduction of both frequency and duration of rocking behavior directly after receiving vestibular stimulation and 1 hour after stimulation. The rocking behavior remained reduced after 6 days without the vestibular stimulation program. It was concluded that vestibular stimulation resulted in a reduction of the stereotypic rocking behavior of these subjects.
Reduction of Self-Injurious Behavior Using Sensory Integrative Techniques
Authors: Bright Tony , Bittick Kay , Fleeman Bill
Published: April 2012

Theoretical rationale and case study information are presented for the use of a sensory integrative approach to self-injurious behavior. The program described uses sensory integrative techniques and soft restraint to reduce face hitting in a 28-year-old, nonambulatory, profoundly retarded resident. The noncontingent application of the procedures has reduced the occurrence of self-injurious behavior during treatment periods from an average of 13.1 responses per minute to an average of 1.02 responses per minute.
A Dynamic Splint for Use After Total Wrist Arthroplasty
Authors: Johnson Barbara M. , Flynn Mary Jean Gregory , Beckenbaugh Robert D.
Published: April 2012

Total wrist arthroplasty has been performed at the Mayo Clinic for the past 5 years. The procedure has necessitated the development of a dynamic wrist splint for postoperative care. This article provides a step-by-step outline for construction of this splint.
Objective Evaluation of a Splint Designed to Reduce Hypertonicity
Authors: McPherson James J.
Published: April 2012

Snook’s spasticity reduction splint was evaluated objectively with five severely and profoundly handicapped subjects. The force of spastic wrist flexors in pounds of pull was measured on a spring-weighted scale. Findings demonstrated that the device designed for this study was useful in measuring hypertonus; splint wearing resulted in a reduction of the passive component of muscle tone and that this reduction was related to the length of time the subjects wore splints; the effects of splint wearing were not necessarily permanent. Components that contribute to the condition of hypertonicity are discussed, as well as the implications of the study findings for occupational therapists.
The Emotion Identification Group
Authors: Angel Susan Lake
Published: April 2012

Emotion identification is an individual’s ability to be aware of affective responses that occur during varied daily interactions. Through a review of the literature, how patients often seem unclear about the relevance of “doing” therapy to “talking/feeling” therapy is documented, and then an attempt is made to show how the occupational therapy emotion identification group can reinforce the patients’ real-life connection between doing, talking, or feeling.

The basic premises formulated for establishing a method to promote emotion identification, the group format that incorporates this method, and patient responses to the method are presented.

How occupational therapy interfaces with Gestalt therapy and therapeutic community philosophies is shown and methods are described to apply the Gestalt process of one’s getting in touch with and taking ownership for both needs and feelings in the emotion identification group and in occupational therapy task groups.
Geographic Distribution of Occupational Therapists
Authors: Langwell Kathryn M. , Wilson Stephen D. , Deane Robert T.
Published: April 2012

This paper reports the findings of a recent study conducted to determine whether there is an appropriate distribution of occupational therapists in the United States. A method for an analysis of requirements for occupational therapists was developed to assess whether, given requirements indicators in each county, the current distribution is appropriate. As a final stage of the analysis, three groups of counties were singled out for special attention: 1. those with no occupational therapists; 2. those with low levels of relative supply of occupational therapists; and 3. those with high levels of relative supply of occupational therapists. These groups were compared in order to determine whether differences exist in demographic characteristics and health status indicators that might be associated with differences in the supply of occupational therapists in each group of counties. Conclusions and discussion of potential policy implications were drawn from the descriptive and analytic findings.
Ladder to Professional Certification: The Career Mobility Program
Authors: Adams Nancy G.
Published: April 2012

The Career Mobility Program provides an opportunity for certifield occupational therapy assistants to become occupational therapists, registered. Data were compiled about the 43 therapists who completed the program durings its first 5½ years. Performance on the certification examination and the candidates’ educational and employment backgrounds were studied. The advantages and disadvantages of participating in the program were gathered via follow-up questionnaires. More than 70 percent of 26 reported career advancement.
The Use of Crafts in Occupational Therapy for the Physically Disabled
Authors: Bissell Julie Crites , Mailloux Zoe
Published: April 2012

In this article, the historical use of crafts in occupational therapy for the physically disabled patient is reviewed and the results of a survey aimed at describing current craft use is presented. A questionnaire was sent to a random sample of 250 occupational therapists throughout the United States who chose physical disabilities as their specialty section. Results demonstrated that, while most therapists use crafts to some degree in their therapy programs, other treatment modalities such as therapeutic exercise and activities of daily living were used a greater percentage of the time. Reasons for using crafts, problems with justification of craft use, and participation of certified occupational therapy assistants in craft programs are discussed. Questions are raised concerning the role of therapeutic crafts in the past and present practice of occupational therapy for the physically disabled. Recommendations are made for future research.
The Therapeutic Use of Games with Mentally Retarded Adults
Authors: Kielhofner Gary , Miyake Shawn
Published: April 2012

This article provides conceptualizations of play as a learning and survival behavior and presents findings of a study of the use of games with mentally retarded adults. In this study the aim was to describe both how therapists can use games as therapeutic media and how changes can be observed in the subjects. The study identifies a number of therapeutic strategies that did enhance the play of the subjects. Along with increases in play, improvement in motor behavior, cognitive abilities, affect, attention, self-confidence, and social interaction was observed.
Relationship between Development of the Body-Righting Reaction and Manual Midline Crossing Behavior in the Learning Disabled
Authors: Stilwell Janet M.
Published: April 2012

The study was designed to consider the possible relationship between the development and integration of the body-righting reaction and the development of manual midline crossing behavior in learning-disabled and normal children aged 6 to 8 years (23 subjects in each group). A combination of three movement patterns (rolling from supine to prone, transition from supine to standing, and equilibrium in sitting) was used to analyze the body-righting reaction. The Space Visualization Contralateral Use (SVCU) score derived from the Southern California Space Visualization Test was used to measure manual midline crossing behavior. Results of the study found that the learning-disabled subjects exhibited significantly reduced performance on both test measures, when compared to the normal controls. A correlation between scores on the two tests did not reach significance. The findings are described as they relate to sensory integration testing, and the need for further study of the body-righting reaction and manual midline crossing behavior.
Relationship of Constructional Apraxia and Body Scheme Disorders to Dressing Performance in Adult CVA
Authors: Warren Mary
Published: April 2012

The relationship between constructional apraxia and body scheme disorders and failure of post-cerebral vascular accident (CVA) patients to achieve independence in upper extremity dressing was investigated in this study. One hundred and one subjects with right- and left-CVA were given tests that measured body scheme dysfunction and constructional apraxia on admission to an inpatient rehabilitation unit, and then rated on upper extremity dressing performance at discharge. Scores on the apraxia and body scheme tests were statistically correlated with dressing performance. The results indicated that both constructional apraxia and body scheme dysfunction contribute to failure in achieving upper extremity dressing, but that body scheme performance is a better predictor of dressing ability. In addition, the presence of visual field deficits, medical complications, and aphasia were found to exert significant influence on subject performance.
A Learning Disability Screening Program in a Public School
Authors: Goldstein Paula Kramer , O’Brien John D. , Katz Gary M.
Published: April 2012

The outline of a screening program for learning disabilities in a public school is presented in this paper. The screening program consisted of four standardized measures (Information Subtest of the WPPSI, SEARCH, Evanston Early Identification Scale, Bender-Gestalt) and six of the clinical observations suggested by Ayres. Forty-three kindergarten and first graders (25 males, 18 females) were tested and each child was categorized as low, moderate, or high risk for learning disabilities on each of the measures. Approximately 10 percent of the children were identified as at high risk for learning disabilities, but the children did not perform at the same risk level on all measures. A factor analysis of the four measures and six observations revealed that three factors prevailed in this screening program: cognitive abilities, fine motor control, and reflex integration. This analysis also indicated the importance of assessing neurophysiological immaturity in a screening program. The implications of the categories used are discussed.