bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pathogenesis of Trypanosoma brucei Infection in Deer Mice (Peromyscus maniculatus).
Authors: Anosa V. O. , Kaneko J. J.
Published: January 2017

Trypanosoma brucei EATRO 110 infection of the deer mice ( Peromyscus maniculatus) produced moderate to marked lesions in the spleen, liver, heart, and kidney seven to ten weeks after infection. Splenic lesions consisted of marked splenomegaly, with infected spleens weighing 25.9 times control spleens. Transmission electron microscopy of the sinuses and Billroth's cords of the splenic red pulp demonstrated an increased cellularity with greater contact between cells due partly to proliferation of macrophages, transformed lymphocytes and plasma cells and partly to accelerated erythropoiesis with increases in the numbers of rubricytes and reticulocytes. Erythrocytes also were present in large numbers, and erythroclasis was accelerated.

Hepatic lesions consisted of necrosis of few hepatocytes, proliferation and hypertrophy of Kupffer's cells which exhibited increased phagocytosis—particularly of erythrocytes, as well as perivascular cuffs consisting of lymphocytes, plasma cells and macrophages. Myocarditis was marked and was characterized by degeneration of myocardial fibers with decreases in mitochondrial size and myofibril contents and fragmentation of some degenerating fibers, and was accompanied by accumulation of inflammatory cells including lymphocytes, transformed lymphocytes, plasma cells, and macrophages between the myocardial fibers. Renal lesions consisted of severe glomerulonephritis characterized by deposition of electron dense material along the basement membrane and in the mesangium of the glomerular tufts, and less frequently beneath the basement membrane and visceral epithelium of the Bowman's capsule and within the peritubular vessels. Neutrophils with fewer macrophages and lymphocytes invaded the glomeruli. The glomerular capillaries and Bowman's space were obliterated partially by these changes. Inflammatory cells similar to those observed in the heart accumulated in the peritubular vascular channels and extravascularly between the tubules and glomeruli.
Experimental Encephalitozoonosis in Neonatal Dogs
Authors: Szabo J. R. , Shadduck J. A.
Published: January 2017

The in vivo infection of neonatal dogs by the microsporidian protozoan parasite, Encephalitozoon cuniculi, was studied. Microscopic examination of tissues from infected animals showed granulomatous nephritis, meningoencephalitis, hepatitis, and pneumonitis. A large component of the inflammatory infiltrate consisted of plasma cells and lymphocytes. In addition, hyperplasia of B-lymphocyte-dependent regions of lymph nodes and erythrophagocytosis were consistently seen in infected dogs. Infected dogs developed lymphocytosis, hypergammaglobulinemia, anti-encephalitozoon antibodies, and an antigen-specific blastogenic response to E. cuniculi spores. Lymphocyte blastogenic responses to the lectin phytohemagglutinin A (PHA) were depressed compared to controls. Dogs dying during the 2-month experimental trial were bacteremic. The findings of these experiments suggest that postnatal infection results in a demonstrable although seemingly ineffective immune and inflammatory response without detectable clinical disease.
Lesions in Dogs Following Renal Transplantation and Immunosuppression
Authors: Crowell W. A. , Finco D. R. , Rawlings C. A. , Barsanti J. A. , Rao R. N.
Published: January 2017

Renal allografts were transplanted into 20 dogs (12 beagles, eight mongrels) following a prescribed protocol for pre-transplantation blood transfusions and kidney exchange. Immunosuppressive therapy (azathioprine and prednisone) was modified as needed for each dog. Seven of the beagle dogs survived for 1 year and were then euthanized; all other dogs died or were euthanized prior to 1 year post-transplantation. Graft rejection and renal failure were the greatest causes of mortality. Renal lesions which contributed to the death of some animals included renal vein thrombosis, nephrosis, and pyelonephritis. Inflammation of the lower respiratory tract (bronchitis, pneumonia, and pleuritis) was a contributory cause of death in some dogs. Cystitis and ureteritis occurred in almost half of the dogs. Prostatitis was seen in six of the 16 male dogs. Adrenal cortical atrophy, parathyroid gland hyperplasia, and bone marrow hypocellularity were seen in a majority of the dogs which survived 1 year.
Experimental Haemophilus somnus Pneumonia in Calves
Authors: Jackson J. A. , Andrews J. J. , Hargis J. W.
Published: January 2017

Purulent bronchopneumonia was induced in 12 young calves inoculated endotracheally with a total of 2 to 8 × 1010 viable Haemophilus somnus organisms. Calves treated before inoculation of bacteria with dexamethasone had more extensive lung changes than nontreated calves. Two of six dexamethasone-pretreated calves died while none of the non-pretreated calves died in the 12-day experimental period. Cranial-ventral gray to red lung consolidations with multifocal abscesses were present in all calves. Histologic examination revealed purulent to fibrinopurulent bronchiolitis accompanied by alveolar filling with fibrin, neutrophils, and macrophages. In addition, peribronchiolar fibrosis and bronchiolitis obliterans were common as were interlobular fibrosis and thrombosis of interlobular and pleural lymphatics. Focal to diffuse ulceration of bronchiolar epithelium was present in five of 12 lungs. Abscessation and severe alveolar filling with fibrin, red blood cells, and streaming inflammatory cells were present in dexamethasone-treated calves. H. somnus was isolated from lungs of all 12 calves. Complement fixation and microagglutination antibody titers to H. somnus antigens increased in most calves following infection with H. somnus. This model of H. somnus pneumonia closely resembles the naturally occurring disease.
Familial Motor Neuron Disease in Rottweiler Dogs: Neuropathologic Studies
Authors: Shell L. G. , Jortner B. S. , Leib M. S.
Published: January 2017

Two 6-week-old female Rottweiler littermates were evaluated for regurgitation, diminished growth, progressive ataxia, and pelvic limb weakness. Clinical examination indicated a progressive, diffuse, lower motor neuron disorder and megaesophagus. The pups were killed at 6 and 8 weeks of age. Lesions included central chromatolysis and swelling of the perikarya in many large motor neurons in the ventral gray matter of the spinal cord. Some involvement of red, oculomotor, trigeminal motor, and ambiguus nuclei of the brainstem was noted. Ultrastructurally, chromatolytic neurons had excess neurofilaments, and an increase in and enlargement of Golgi complexes. Wallerian-like degeneration was prominent in neuropil of spinal cord and in peripheral nerve. Clinical, histological, and ultrastructural findings were consistent with a progressive motor neuron disease.
Hereditary Bovine Syndactyly: Diagnosis in Bovine Fetuses
Authors: Hart-Elcock L. , Leipold H. W. , Baker R.
Published: January 2017

Diagnostic guidelines were established for progeny testing of hereditary bovine syndactyly. Through the use of superovulation and embryo transfer, 139 fetuses were recovered at 50 to 77 days gestation. Normal (+/+, +/sy) and syndactylous (sy/sy) anatomy of Holstein fetuses was denned, and the accuracy of macroscopic versus microscopic limb diagnosis was assessed. Chondrification and ossification differences between normal (+/+, +/sy) and syndactylous (sy/sy) fetuses were only age-related. Normal (+/+, +/sy) fetal limbs differed from normal (+/+, +/sy) adult bovine limbs in two ways. Fetal metacarpal and metatarsal III and IV bones were not fused, and fetal metacarpal and metatarsal II and V bones often extended up to three-fourths the length of metacarpal and metatarsal III and IV bones. In syndactylous (sy/sy) fetuses, synostosis asymmetries occurred within and between fetal limbs, and between fetuses, representing variable gene expressivity. Synostosis pattern within limbs did not correspond with those of the adult bovine; the second phalangeal pair was synostotic most frequently in the fetus, followed by the first, and then the third pair. Synostosis patterns between fetal limbs agreed with those of the adult; there was a right-left and front-rear limb gradient. Partial synostoses occurred sporadically in all three paired phalanges. Those of the first and third pair always involved the tip closest to the second phalangeal pair. A unique example of variable gene expressivity occurred in one syndactylous fetus. Both front limbs were syndactylous, while both rear limbs were normal grossly. Microscopically the right rear limb was normal while the left rear limb consisted of closely apposed phalangeal blastemata without coalescence. This supported the theory that syndactyly resulted from fusion rather than nondivision of blastemata. There was not 100% accuracy in macroscopic limb diagnosis of fetuses derived from progeny testing for bovine hereditary syndactyly; discrepencies occurred in limbs with partial phalangeal synostoses and in the limb with closely apposed phalangeal blastemata. Therefore, it is recommended that all fetuses undergo macroscopic and microscopic limb examination before a final diagnosis is reached and recommendations for breeding programs are made.
Brachygnathia Superior and Degenerative Joint Disease: A New Lethal Syndrome in Angus Calves
Authors: Jayo M. , Leipold H. W. , Dennis S. M. , Eldridge F. E.
Published: January 2017

Brachygnathia superior and generalized diarthrodial degenerative joint disease were seen in 17 related, purebred Angus calves ranging in age from 2 days to 4 months. Craniometrical studies revealed decreased maxillary and palatine bone lengths and increased cranial, skull, and facial indices. Radiological evaluation of major appendicular joints demonstrated lipping of the joint margins with osteophyte formation, sclerosis of subchondral bone, and narrowing of joint spaces. Synovial fluid evaluation indicated joint degeneration but no etiologic agent. Rheumatoid factor analysis of plasma was negative. Grossly, all major appendicular joints were defective including the atlanto-occipital articulation. Lesions ranged from loss of surface luster to erosions and deep ulcers with eburnation of the subchondral bone and secondary proliferative synovitis. Histological changes were degeneration of the articular cartilage matrix, chondrocyte necrosis, flaking and fibrillation, chondrone formation, erosions and ulcers of the articular cartilage with subchondral bone sclerosis, vascular invasion with fibrosis, and chronic, nonsuppurative, proliferative synovitis. Growth plates had defective chondrocyte proliferation and hypertrophy with aberrant ossification of calcified cartilaginous matrix. Histochemical analysis of cartilage and bone failed to incriminate which component was defective, glycosaminoglycan or collagen, but indicated different distribution or absence of one or the other. Genealogic studies revealed a genetic basis for the new defect.
Immunocytochemistry of Normal Pancreatic Islets and Spontaneous Islet Cell Tumors in Dogs
Authors: Hawkins K. L. , Summers B. A. , Kuhajda F. P. , Smith C. A.
Published: January 2017

Immunocytochemical studies of the distribution of glucagon, gastrin, insulin, and somatostatin in normal canine pancreatic islets and 20 canine islet cell tumors were done using the peroxidase-anti-peroxidase (PAP) technique. In the normal adult canine pancreas, islets typically consisted of clusters of 20–30 cells, but smaller foci and even individual cells were identified. Alpha cells (glucagon) were often peripherally located, beta cells (insulin) were centrally located and most numerous, and delta cells (somatostatin) were the least numerous and randomly located. Both juvenile and adult canine pancreases did not stain for gastrin. Of the 20 tumors examined, 18 had positive immunoreactivity for insulin, nine for glucagon, 14 for somatostatin, and one for gastrin. Two tumors were uninterpretable due to autolysis. Three tumors were pure insulinomas, but no pure somatostatinomas, glucagonomas, or gastrinomas were identified. Most tumors and metastases had mixed positive immunoreactivity; one neoplastic cell type predominated with lesser numbers of other cell types. Metastatic sites (liver and lymph node) stained for insulin and somatostatin, only. Foci of non-neoplastic islet cell tissue (nesidioblastosis), often located at the pancreatic-mesenteric junction, stained strongly positive for insulin, glucagon, and somatostatin but not for gastrin. The tumor staining pattern did not consistently correlate with tumor function, as determined by blood glucose and serum insulin assays. The PAP technique works well on paraffin-embedded, formalin-fixed tissue using rabbit or guinea pig antisera as the primary antibody. Staining occurred on sections of paraffin blocks stored for up to 7 years.
Population geography I
Authors: Smith Darren P.
Published: January 2017

This first report explores how understandings of human trafficking have progressed within population geography. Exemplified by studies of exploitative labour migration, population geography has made implicit contributions by stressing the value of a geographic perspective on the webs of interconnections and links between different places and trafficking. In addition, dominant ideas of linear trafficking processes have been disrupted, via evidencing the informal involvement of families in the phases of recruitment, transportation, and control. I argue that a more encompassing, interdisciplinary tenet could be woven into population studies of trafficking, by more explicitly engaging with social science debates. Embedding the legal, global definition of trafficking into wider studies of migration is paramount for this direction of travel. There is also merit in population geography advancing understandings by adopting holistic lenses of enquiry, connecting-up with (sub-)disciplinary geographic studies of migration and trafficking in the Global South and Global North. Studies of trafficking provide a potentially fruitful terrain for population geography to deliver multidisciplinary, impactful research of a key global challenge, to inform policies to prevent and mitigate the ills of trafficking, and progress conceptual and theoretical understandings of trafficking.
Trust – in geography
Authors: Withers Charles W. J.
Published: January 2017

Trust is central to the social world and to the knowledge claims we make as academics. Yet trust has not been a central focus of research in human geography. This article examines the widespread divergent attention given to trust in disciplines other than geography and considers the limited research on trust in geography. Trust, the article claims, is geographical in several senses. Distinction is made between the spatial dimensions of trust in the work of non-geographers; research on trust within geography; and trust in the performance of geography as a discipline and in geography’s institutions. The article argues that trust and trustworthiness are important but underexamined elements in all we do as geographers.
Evaluation of wind resource potential in mountainous region considering morphometric terrain characteristics
Authors: Kim Hyun-Goo , Kang Yong-Heack , Kim Jin-Young
Published: January 2017

In South Korea, where 64% of the national territory is mountainous, good wind resources in inland areas are mostly situated in high mountain regions. To develop a wind farm in a mountain region, the sloping of mountains and their shielding from wind by the surrounding topology should be considered. It is generally most advantageous to install wind turbines along a ridge that is open in all directions. This article presents a methodology for evaluating suitable sites for wind farm development by identifying suitable ridges using morphometric analysis, while excluding the geographical and social environmental exclusion factors and superposing them on the wind resource map to find the area having a specific level or higher wind power density. The result of the proposed suitable site analysis and existing wind farms was assessed to verify the feasibility of the method of analyzing suitable sites on ridges. The wind resource potential in Gangwon Province when calculated using a method based on conventionally suitable site and the method based on ridge analysis was 9 and 5 GW, respectively. The result confirmed that the conventional area-based potential calculation without consideration of the morphometric terrain characteristics overestimated wind resource potential by around 80% compared to the ridge analysis method of calculation presented in this article.
Epigenetic DNA methylation changes associated with headache chronification: A retrospective case-control study
Authors: Winsvold Bendik S , Palta Priit , Eising Else , Page Christian M ,   The International Headache Genetics Consortium, van den Maagdenberg Arn MJM , Palotie Aarno , Zwart John-Anker
Published: January 2017

Background

The biological mechanisms of headache chronification are poorly understood. We aimed to identify changes in DNA methylation associated with the transformation from episodic to chronic headache.

Methods

Participants were recruited from the population-based Norwegian HUNT Study. Thirty-six female headache patients who transformed from episodic to chronic headache between baseline and follow-up 11 years later were matched against 35 controls with episodic headache. DNA methylation was quantified at 485,000 CpG sites, and changes in methylation level at these sites were compared between cases and controls by linear regression analysis. Data were analyzed in two stages (Stages 1 and 2) and in a combined meta-analysis.

Results

None of the top 20 CpG sites identified in Stage 1 replicated in Stage 2 after multiple testing correction. In the combined meta-analysis the strongest associated CpG sites were related to SH2D5 and NPTX2, two brain-expressed genes involved in the regulation of synaptic plasticity. Functional enrichment analysis pointed to processes including calcium ion binding and estrogen receptor pathways.

Conclusion

In this first genome-wide study of DNA methylation in headache chronification several potentially implicated loci and processes were identified. The study exemplifies the use of prospectively collected population cohorts to search for epigenetic mechanisms of disease.
Validation of the Interpersonal Exchange Model of Sexual Satisfaction With Women in a Same-Sex Relationship
Authors: Byers E. Sandra , Cohen Jacqueline N.
Published: January 2017

We examined the validity of the interpersonal exchange model of sexual satisfaction for sexual-minority women (SMW) with a range of sexual identities (lesbian, bisexual, queer, unlabeled, questioning). Participants, 898 (192 who were dating, 439 who were cohabitating) SMW in a romantic relationship of at least 3 months, completed an online survey that included the Interpersonal Exchange Model of Sexual Satisfaction Questionnaire. The results provide support for the validity of the model for SMW in that all the model components (relationship satisfaction, balance of sexual rewards and costs, balance of relative sexual rewards and costs, equality of rewards, equality of costs) were significantly associated with sexual satisfaction. All of the components, except equality of sexual costs, contributed uniquely to the prediction of sexual satisfaction. Neither relationship stage (dating vs. cohabiting) nor sexual identity (lesbian vs. other sexual-minority identity) moderated these associations. Women daters reported a significantly higher level of sexual rewards, sexual costs, and sexual satisfaction than did women cohabiters. The interpersonal exchange model may be used by clinicians as a framework for exploring experiences of low sexual satisfaction with a couple. The results also add to an emerging positive picture of the sexual relationships of SMW at both stages; this information can be used to counter negative stereotypes. Online supplemental files are available at http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/suppl/10.1177/0361684316679655 .
Female Masculinity at Work
Authors: Dozier Raine
Published: January 2017

In this study, the author interviewed 49 self-identified masculine women in the United States to examine how they negotiate stigma in the workplace. Masculine women often negotiate dual stigmas due to both their gender nonconformity and perceived sexual orientation. Participants used a variety of strategies to cope with their stigmatized identity including modifying clothing; incorporating feminine behaviors to counteract masculine appearance; working in high-demand, undesirable jobs; working in male-dominated settings; and opting out of formal work organizations. While some participants experienced mistreatment in male-dominated settings, many reported positive outcomes including strong relationships with male coworkers, opportunities for advancement, and a general comfort in the work environment. Participants challenge Goffman’s notion of sexual orientation as a concealable status, showing that sexual orientation minority women who are gender nonconforming employ strategies similar to members of other visibly stigmatized groups. Findings from this study suggest that researchers addressing sexual orientation minorities should include gender expression as a variable that can influence individual experiences and outcomes. Online slides for instructors who want to use this article for teaching are available on PWQ's website at http://journals.sagepub.com/page/pwq/suppl/index .
An Introduction to the History of Italian Family Life
Authors: Barbagli Marzio , Kertzer David
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACT: This historical context necessary for understanding Italian family life from the early nineteenth century to the mid-twentieth century is outlined in this introduction. Italy's backward economy and its political fragmentation in the first half of the nineteenth century is detailed, the major economic differences among various parts of the country are discussed, and the geography of Italian family forms is described. Changes in family form and demographic behavior are sketched, and the recent development of Italian family historiography is examined. Finally, an overview of the contributions made by the articles in this special issue is provided.
Age at Marriage in Nineteenth-Century Italy
Authors: Rettaroli Rosella
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACT: The family forms found in central and northeastern Italy in the nineteenth century contrasted sharply with those found in the south, with complex forms generally characterizing the former areas and nuclear forms predominating in the latter. Early marriage and a neolocal form of household formation prevailed in most of the south, while later marriage and multi-nuclear households were common in the north. These are linked to differences in the economic systems of these different areas, but also to cultural differences.
Women, Family, and the Law, 1750-1942
Authors: Saraceno Chiara
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACT: The period under examination witnessed the process of constitution and stabilization of the nation-state and the first stages in the development of modern social legislation. This period was characterized by intense legislative activity on the part of the state in the areas of family relations and the status of women both within and outside of the family. Although the nuclear family structure was strengthened from the legal point of view, the authority of malesl husbands over women was increased. The priority accorded to women's familial role was supported not only by the regulations contained in the civil and criminal codes concerning social conjugal relations and the practice of sexuality, but also by the laws governing access to labor, labor relations, and hours. The gradual extension of state intervention to areas concerning relations and behavior in civil society and the extension of regulatory measures concerning “women's place in the family” appear to be closely linked and interdependent.
Female Solitude and Patrilineage: Unmarried Women and Widows During the Eighteenth and Nineteenth Centuries
Authors: Palazzi Maura
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACT: Until recently, little historical work has been done on the lives of women who lived apart from their kin. This article, examining family life in eighteenth and nineteenth-century Italy, focuses on such women, both those who never married and widows. Factors affecting the lives of these women, including prevailing patrilineal norms and changing legal rules regarding inheritance and the rights of women, are considered. The different situations of spinsters and widows are compared, and class differences are considered. Finally, situations in which women came to head households of their own are examined.
The Peasant Family in Northern Italy, 1750–1930: A Reassessment
Authors: Viazzo Pier Paolo , Albera Dionigi
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACT: Northernmost Italy is a land of great ecological variability, providing a natural laboratory for examining the impact of environmental factors on demography and society. A sharp contrast between mountains and plains was reflected in sharp differences in land tenure and social structure. Differences in access to marriage and in household composition between upland and lowland communities are examined and the impact on family life of economic changes occurring over the period 1750–1930 are explored. Environmental factors are found to play a major role in determining the kind of demographic and family patterns that prevailed.
“Where There's No Woman There's No Home”: Profile of the Agro-Pastoral Family in Nineteenth-Century Sardinia
Authors: Oppo Anna
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACT: At the time of Italian Unification, in the mid-nineteenth century, Sardinia was known as one of the most economically and socially archaic parts of the new nation. This article considers family life and women's roles in both the cereal-producing villages and the pastoral mountain communities of Sardinia. Although nuclear family households characterize much of the island, in the pastoral portion of the island strong uxorilocal tendencies are found. The reasons for this, and the reasons for the relative gender equality found in Sardinian marriages are discussed, as is the impact on family life of the privatization of communal lands that took place in the nineteenth century.
Family And Kin—a Few Thoughts
Authors: Levi Giovanni
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACT: Italian family history has seen tremendous development over the past two decades, yet research has been unnecessarily restricted in approach and focus. A great deal of attention has been paid to household composition and relations within the household, while too little attention has been paid to relations among kin who are not coresident. Attention is called to several areas of research which have barely begun to be plumbed, yet which have great potential for the future. These include studies of the role of extended kin in family property and income, kin networks of mutual support, the role of fictive kin, the relationship between kinship and political groupings, and the relationship between kinship and social mobility.
Turn-of-the-Century Dependence and Interdependence: Roles of Teens in Family Economies of the Aged
Authors: Elman Cheryl
Published: January 2017

This study adopts a household economy framework of analysis and links county, household, and individual level 1910 Census data to explore the extra-household activities of teens living in household economies of the aged. Findings are that the household presence of elder household heads or nonnuclear elders (coresident kin of household heads) had significant but different impacts on teens. Older household heads participated less in paid employment and responsibility for economic support generally fell on male teens in the household. Teens were less likely to attend school. In contrast, the presence of nonnuclear elders in households increased the odds of teen members being in school. Nonnuclear elders, as a group, showed need across several dimensions: economic, health, and social support, yet their intrahousehold contributions appear to have allowed teens to pursue schooling.
The Household Formation Pattern of a Vlach Mountain Community of Greece: Syrrako 1898-1929
Authors: Caftanzoglou Roxanne
Published: January 2017

This article explores the forms of family organization in a mountain community of Greece during the end of the nineteenth and the early twentieth century. Special attention is paid to the concept of a system of household formation. It is argued that the dominant models fail to provide adequate understanding of the ways in which the desired domestic structures come into being and that one has to search beyond the “classical” demographic criteria to achieve a comprehensive account and understanding of household formation behavior.
Long-term Results After Arthroscopic Repair of Isolated Subscapularis Tears
Authors: Seppel Gernot , Plath Johannes E. , Völk Christopher , Seiberl Wolfgang , Buchmann Stefan , Waldt Simone , Imhoff Andreas B. , Braun Sepp
Published: January 2017

Background:

Although some reports have presented short- to midterm results after arthroscopic repair of isolated subscapularis (SSC) tendon tears, long-term evaluation is still lacking.

Hypothesis:

Long-term results after arthroscopic repair of isolated SSC tears are comparable with the functional and radiological short- to midterm outcomes described in the literature.

Study Design:

Case series, Level of evidence, 4.

Methods:

This study assessed 17 patients (5 females and 12 males; mean age, 45.6 years) with isolated SSC tears (Fox and Romeo classification types 2-4) who underwent all-arthroscopic suture anchor repair. The mean interval from symptom onset to the time of surgery was 5.3 months in 16 patients (94.1%). One patient (5.9%) was symptomatic for a prolonged period (104 months) before surgery. All patients were assessed with a clinical examination preoperatively. SSC function was investigated using specific clinical tests and common scoring systems, including Constant, American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons (ASES), Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand (DASH), and Simple Shoulder Test (SST) scores. At follow-up, muscular strength was evaluated using an electronic force-measuring plate. Structural integrity of the repair was assessed using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).

Results:

At a mean follow-up of 98.4 ± 19.9 months, the mean Constant score improved from 47.8 preoperatively to 74.2 postoperatively ( P = .001). Higher Constant ( P = .010) and ASES ( P = .001) scores were significantly associated with a shorter time from symptom onset to surgery. The size of the SSC lesion did not correlate with any clinical score outcome ( P = .476, .449, .985, and .823 for Constant, ASES, DASH, and SST scores, respectively). Three patients (17.6%) had persistent positive clinical test results (belly-press/lift-off). Compared with the uninjured contralateral side, SSC strength was significantly reduced in the belly-press position ( P = .031), although active internal ( P = .085) and external ( P = .093) rotation was not affected. In 1 patient, a rerupture was detected by MRI. Six patients had cranial SSC atrophy. Overall, 88.2% of patients were “very satisfied” or “satisfied” with their results.

Conclusion:

Arthroscopic repair of isolated SSC tears results in significant clinical improvements and enduring tendon integrity, although SSC strength remains reduced in the long term. Early surgical treatment seems to be a relevant factor allowing good shoulder function.
Cyberbullying Prevention and Intervention Efforts: Current Knowledge and Future Directions
Authors: Espelage Dorothy L. , Hong Jun Sung
Published: January 2017

Bullying is a serious public health concern that is associated with significant negative mental, social, and physical outcomes. Technological advances have increased adolescents’ use of social media, and online communication platforms have exposed adolescents to another mode of bullying— cyberbullying. Prevention and intervention materials, from websites and tip sheets to classroom curriculum, have been developed to help youth, parents, and teachers address cyberbullying. While youth and parents are willing to disclose their experiences with bullying to their health care providers, these disclosures need to be taken seriously and handled in a caring manner. Health care providers need to include questions about bullying on intake forms to encourage these disclosures. The aim of this article is to examine the current status of cyberbullying prevention and intervention. Research support for several school-based intervention programs is summarised. Recommendations for future research are provided.
Impact of Skill-Based Approaches in Reducing Stigma in Primary Care Physicians: Results from a Double-Blind, Parallel-Cluster, Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Beaulieu Tara , Patten Scott , Knaak Stephanie , Weinerman Rivian , Campbell Helen , Lauria-Horner Bianca
Published: January 2017

Objective:

Most interventions to reduce stigma in health professionals emphasize education and social contact–based strategies. We sought to evaluate a novel skill-based approach: the British Columbia Adult Mental Health Practice Support Program. We sought to determine the program’s impact on primary care providers’ stigma and their perceived confidence and comfort in providing care for mentally ill patients. We hypothesized that enhanced skills and increased comfort and confidence on the part of practitioners would lead to diminished social distance and stigmatization. Subsequently, we explored the program’s impact on clinical outcomes and health care costs. These outcomes are reported separately, with reference to this article.

Methods:

In a double-blind, cluster randomized controlled trial, 111 primary care physicians were assigned to intervention or control groups. A validated stigma assessment tool, the Opening Minds Scale for Health Care Providers (OMS-HC), was administered to both groups before and after training. Confidence and comfort were assessed using scales constructed from ad hoc items.

Results:

In the primary analysis, no significant differences in stigma were found. However, a subscale assessing social distance showed significant improvement in the intervention group after adjustment for a variable (practice size) that was unequally distributed in the randomization. Significant increases in confidence and comfort in managing mental illness were observed among intervention group physicians. A positive correlation was found between increased levels of confidence/comfort and improvements in overall stigma, especially in men.

Conclusions:

This study provides some preliminary evidence of a positive impact on health care professionals’ stigma through a skill-building approach to management of mild to moderate depression and anxiety in primary care. The intervention can be used as a primary vehicle for enhancing comfort and skills in health care providers and, ultimately, reducing an important dimension of stigma: preference for social distance.
Jute-reinforced non-woven composites as a thermal insulator and sound absorber – A review
Authors: Zakriya Mohamed , Ramakrishnan G , Gobi N , Palaniswamy NK , Srinivasan J
Published: January 2017

Natural fibres are widely used in different applications and one of the important applications is sound insulation. The research trends in the improvement of thermal and sound insulation of the jute-based composite materials filled with polymer materials are studied by the researchers. Jute fibres exhibit admirable heat and sound insulation properties but this has not been completely researched as yet. A detailed information related to enrich the insulation properties of jute non-woven-reinforced polymer composites based on its design of manufacturing, density of composites, morphology, structural parameters of fibre batting, number of layers and recent strategies are discussed for its high-performance potential applications.
Mechanical properties of Precontraint 1202 S2 based on uniaxial tensile and creep tests
Authors: Ambroziak Andrzej , Kłosowski Paweł
Published: January 2017

The purpose of the paper is the estimation of the polyvinyl chloride – polyester-coated fabric (Precontraint 1202 S2) mechanical properties under uniaxial tensile tests as well as short- and long-time creep tests. The uniaxial tests are the basis of non-linear elastic description while the creep tests are used for the evaluation of the stiffness parameters in time and for the identification of the standard viscoelastic model. The paper also includes a short survey of literature concerning the coated woven fabric description.
Coupled effect of loading frequency and amplitude on the fatigue behavior of advanced sheet molding compound (A-SMC)
Authors: Shirinbayan M , Fitoussi J , Meraghni F , Surowiec B , Laribi M , Tcharkhtchi A
Published: January 2017

This paper presents the experimental results of tension-tension stress-controlled fatigue tests performed on advanced sheet molding compound (A-SMC). It aims at analyzing the effect of fiber orientation, loading amplitude, and frequency on the fatigue response and the related temperature evolution due to the self-heating phenomenon. Two types of A-SMC have been analyzed: randomly oriented (RO) and highly oriented (HO). The coupled effect of the loading amplitude and the frequency has been studied. It has been shown that the couple frequency-amplitude affects the nature of the fatigue overall response which can be governed by the damage mechanisms accumulation (mechanical fatigue) and/or by the self-heating (induced thermal fatigue). For fatigue loading at 100 Hz, self-heating has been observed and yielded to a temperature rise up to 70℃. The latter causes a decrease of the storage modulus related to the β-transition of the vinylester. It has been demonstrated that the self-heating produced a material softening and decreased the fatigue life. SEM observations revealed that the samples tested at 100 Hz, exhibit smooth debonding surfaces due to the induced thermal softening of the matrix whereas more brittle fracture of the matrix surrounding fibers is observed during the fatigue tests achieved at 10 Hz.
Curvature of unsymmetric cross-ply laminates: Combined effect of thermal stresses, microcracking, viscoplastic and viscoelastic strains
Authors: Varna Janis , Persson Magnus , Claudel Florian , Hajlane Abdelghani
Published: January 2017

Curvature of unsymmetrical [0/90] specimens caused by thermal stresses changes if the specimen is subjected to large axial strains introducing intralaminar cracks in the 90-layer. It is shown that the large curvature reduction can not be explained by cracking related stress release only. The large irreversible viscoplastic strains introduced during the axial tensile loading (with 5 min holding at high strain for crack counting) give the main contribution to the curvature change. The effect of transient viscoelasticity (VE) was found to be of minor significance. Simple approach based on effective damaged layer stiffness and constant irreversible strain is used in the framework of laminate theory to extract the viscoplastic and VE strains from experimental curvature data. The obtained fitting expressions for viscoplastic- and VE-strain development are successfully used to describe curvature change in [0/902] laminate subjected to the same test procedure. It is suggested that the used curved beam tests could be efficient to characterize the viscoplastic strain development in the thin 90-layers.
An experimental and analytical study based on fractal theory of satin fabrics in unsaturated permeability
Authors: Wang Gong-Dong , Chong Qiang , Zhou Li , Li Nan
Published: January 2017

Prediction of relative permeability is important to avoid dry spots or micro voids in the liquid composite molding process. Most of previous studies focused on plain and twill, but few are about stain and none of them provide explicit equation to calculate accurate values of unsaturated permeability. The main purpose of this work is to first propose a new model which is proposed mainly based on fractal theory and has no empirical constant in the expression, to calculate the permeability of satin fabric. And then we employ a new experimental method to calculate the unsaturated permeability. Finally, a contrast experiment of 5-harness fabric and 8-harness fabric is designed at different injection pressures, and the accurate values of permeability are obtained. The results show that unsaturated and saturated permeabilities are in the same order of magnitude; furthermore, unsaturated permeability is 77% of saturated permeability in 5-harness fabric and 73% in 8-harness fabric.
Experimental study and numerical simulation on bond between FFRP and CFRC components
Authors: Yan Libo , Chouw Nawawi , Kasal Bohumil
Published: January 2017

Natural flax fabric-reinforced polymer (FFRP) tube encased coir fibre-reinforced concrete (CFRC) structure (termed as FFRP-CFRC) is steel-free hybrid structure that has shown its potential as axial, flexural and earthquake-resistant structural members. An FFRP plate with a CFRC overlay has great potential to be light and environmentally friendly wall panel or pedestrian bridge deck. The overall structural performance of this panel or deck is highly dependent on the bond at the FFRP and CFRC interface. Therefore, this study proposed a novel interlocking at their interface to improve the bond and thus the composite action of the hybrid structures composed of FFRP and CFRC components. This interlocking was generated by creating numbers of perforations on the FFRP component (tube and plate) surface. To evaluate the effectiveness of using this interlocking on the bond behaviour between FFRP and CFRC, two stages experimental studies were conducted. In the first stage, 18 FFRP-CFRC cylindrical specimens were constructed and tested under push-out bond, bending and axial compression. In the second stage, 30 FFRP plate and CFRC sandwich block specimens were constructed and tested under push-out bond considering different experimental parameters, i.e. depth, diameter and number of perforations. Additionally, numerical simulation was performed to verify the failure modes of FFRP plate and CFRC sandwich blocks under push-out. This study revealed that the presence of interlocking is an effective way to improve the interfacial bond and composite action between FFRP (either tube or plate) and CFRC components.
Key parameters for behaviour related to source separation of household organic waste: A case study in Hanoi, Vietnam
Authors: Kawai Kosuke , Huong Luong Thi Mai
Published: January 2017

Proper management of food waste, a major component of municipal solid waste (MSW), is needed, especially in developing Asian countries where most MSW is disposed of in landfill sites without any pretreatment. Source separation can contribute to solving problems derived from the disposal of food waste. An organic waste source separation and collection programme has been operated in model areas in Hanoi, Vietnam, since 2007. This study proposed three key parameters (participation rate, proper separation rate and proper discharge rate) for behaviour related to source separation of household organic waste, and monitored the progress of the programme based on the physical composition of household waste sampled from 558 households in model programme areas of Hanoi. The results showed that 13.8% of 558 households separated organic waste, and 33.0% discharged mixed (unseparated) waste improperly. About 41.5% (by weight) of the waste collected as organic waste was contaminated by inorganic waste, and one-third of the waste disposed of as organic waste by separators was inorganic waste. We proposed six hypothetical future household behaviour scenarios to help local officials identify a final or midterm goal for the programme. We also suggested that the city government take further actions to increase the number of people participating in separating organic waste, improve the accuracy of separation and prevent non-separators from discharging mixed waste improperly.
Cascade use indicators for selected biopolymers: Are we aiming for the right solutions in the design for recycling of bio-based polymers?
Authors: Hildebrandt Jakob , Bezama Alberto , Thrän Daniela
Published: January 2017

When surveying the trends and criteria for the design for recycling (DfR) of bio-based polymers, priorities appear to lie in energy recovery at the end of the product life of durable products, such as bio-based thermosets. Non-durable products made of thermoplastic polymers exhibit good properties for material recycling. The latter commonly enjoy growing material recycling quotas in countries that enforce a landfill ban. Quantitative and qualitative indicators are needed for characterizing progress in the development towards more recycling friendly bio-based polymers. This would enable the deficits in recycling bio-based plastics to be tracked and improved. The aim of this paper is to analyse the trends in the DfR of bio-based polymers and the constraints posed by the recycling infrastructure on plastic polymers from a systems perspective. This analysis produces recommendations on how life cycle assessment indicators can be introduced into the dialogue between designers and recyclers in order to promote DfR principles to enhance the cascading use of bio-based polymers within the bioeconomy, and to meet circular economy goals.
Qualitative comparison of polyethylene terephthalate flakes from various collection systems in Germany
Authors: Snell H , Nassour A , Nelles M
Published: January 2017

In 2003, a deposit system for one-way packaging was introduced in Germany. Since that time, polyethylene terephthalate beverage packaging is collected through various collection systems, a deposit system, a reusable packaging system and the ‘Green Dot’ (the dual system) with the yellow bag. The manner of collection had a decisive influence on the quality of the generated recycled materials. The research at hand shows for the first time how the quality of polyethylene terephthalate flakes depends on the type of collection system. The results are based on a 14-year time frame, during which the quality of the polyethylene terephthalate flakes was examined using the different collection systems. The criterion used was the amount of contamination of polyethylene terephthalate flakes with various polymers, metals and other substances. Grain size and bulk density were also compared. The outcome shows that material from the deposit systems resulted in a better quality of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) flakes.
Investigating Students’ Acceptance of a Statistics Learning Platform Using Technology Acceptance Model
Authors: Song Yanjie , Kong Siu-Cheung
Published: January 2017

The study aims at investigating university students’ acceptance of a statistics learning platform to support the learning of statistics in a blended learning context. Three kinds of digital resources, which are simulations, online videos, and online quizzes, were provided on the platform. Premised on the technology acceptance model, we adopted a revised model consisting of four external factors (self-efficacy, facilitating conditions, subjective norm, and anxiety) that may influence students’ perceptions and acceptance of the platform. A mixed research method was used. A total of 102 participants were involved in this study. Data collection includes questionnaires survey, individual interviews, and focus group discussions. The findings show that students’ intention to use the platform is affected by their attitude toward the platform, which is significantly influenced by perceived usefulness. Further suggestions regarding the design and implementation of a learning platform are provided based on the observations and results of the study. This preliminary study provides valuable insights into our further refinement of the platform and development of a learning analytics platform in the future for better learning of students in statistics.
Database Search Results Can Differ from Newspaper Microfilm
Authors: Youngblood Norman E. , Bishop Barbara A. , Worthington Debra L.
Published: January 2017

The results of this study should raise some concerns for researchers who assume that a database always accurately reflects the print edition of The New York Times.