bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Recent Advancement of Quantum Dot-Based Nanocomposites as Electrode Materials for Secondary Batteries
Authors: Chakrabarti Amartya , Majumdar Pradip , Alessandri Emily , Roemer Corinne
Published: January 2025

Quantum dots (QDs) are emerging as a new class of zero-dimensional nanomaterials with semiconducting properties. Among many applications, QDs find useful employment in high-capacity electrodes in secondary batteries by virtue of their nanodimension. The recent advancements of QDs and their application as QD-based nanocomposites in electrodes are published in numerous accounts. Well-dispersed QDs in conductive carbonaceous materials can lead to the formation of nanocomposites with excellent cyclic stabilities and large reversible capacities, which are suitable for applications in many batteries. Inorganic QDs are also being investigated as potential candidates to fabricate nanocomposites in different secondary batteries. However, there are not many review articles available detailing the synthetic methodologies used to fabricate such QD-based nanocomposites along with their electrochemical properties. In this article, we are documenting a comprehensive review of a variety of QD nanocomposites with their manufacturing processes and successful utilization in battery applications. We will be highlighting the application of QD-based nanocomposites as anode and cathode materials for applications in different secondary batteries and discussing the enhancement of the electrochemical performances of such batteries in terms of energy density and cyclability.
Numerical Analysis of Gas Flow Distribution Characteristics in a 5 kW Molten Carbonate Fuel Cell Stack
Authors: Szczęśniak Arkadiusz , Martsinchyk Aliaksandr , Milewski Jarosław , Shuhayeu Pavel , Dybinski Olaf , Sieńko Arkadiusz , Xing Wen
Published: January 2025

This work presents an advanced computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model of a 5 kW molten carbonate fuel cell (MCFC) stack intended to provide a broad analysis and deliver improved design through optimizing flow distribution. The goal is to provide a variant analysis of flow distribution in the internal channels through the CFD model. SolidWorks was used to design the MCFC stack, and SOLIDWORKS® Flow Simulation was utilized to model the flow distribution inside the stack. The simulated stack was validated through an experimental investigation of a 5 kW MCFC stack, empirically measuring pressure and flow distribution in an experimental laboratory station optimized for multi-scale fuel cell stack testing. The test was designed to examine a variety of internal flow distribution factors. The verified CFD model was employed for sensitivity analysis on various scales. To enhance the design, the influence of stack and single-cell constructional characteristics on the 5 kW MCFC was investigated.
Evaluation of the Impact of Photovoltaic Solar Power Plant Integration into the Grid: A Case Study of the Western Transmission Network in the Democratic Republic of Congo
Authors: Kiangebeni Lusimbakio Kevin , Boketsu Lokanga Tonton , Sedi Nzakuna Pierre , Paciello Vincenzo , Nzuru Nsekere Jean-Pierre , Tshimanga Tshipata Obed
Published: January 2025

Rising electricity demand and the need to reduce pollutant emissions highlight the importance of renewable energy, especially solar power. While most studies on photovoltaic (PV) integration focus on developed countries, least developed and developing countries such as the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) face particular challenges due to fragile grid infrastructure. This work evaluates the technical and operational impacts of PV integration into the western grid of the DRC using DIgSILENT PowerFactory 2021 SP2 simulations. It examines penetration levels from 10% to 50% based on a 2012 MW baseline, and evaluates power losses, short-circuit ratios (SCRs), grid stability, harmonic distortions, and voltage oscillations. Results reveal that moderate penetration levels (10–20%) reduce active power losses by 25% while maintaining stability. However, above 30% penetration, critical challenges arise, including a drop of the SCR below the minimum recommended value of 3, prolonged voltage oscillations, and increased harmonic distortions, resulting from the reduced overall inertia of the grid following the increase in PV power from inverters without inertia. These findings emphasize the need for targeted solutions like Battery Energy Storage Systems (BESSs), Static Synchronous Compensators (STATCOMs), and harmonic filters. This work provides foundational insights for PV integration in fragile grids of LDCs and developing countries.
A Study on the Controlling Effect of Geological Structures on Coalbed Methane Occurrence in the Northeast Margin of Qinshui Basin, North China
Authors: Li Rui , Zhang Le , Xie Jun , Chen Zhaoying , Yang Baoke , Xiang Wenting , Zhai Xikun
Published: January 2025

This study investigated the patterns of gas occurrence in the coal seam structural zones of the northeastern margin of the Qinshui Basin, with a focus on the Sijiazhuang Coal Mine. Using laboratory experiments, theoretical analysis, and field exploration, we examined how geological structures influence gas distribution. The results show that gas content and pressure near normal faults are generally higher than those in reverse fault areas. However, fault-induced gas occurrence is complex, with stress superposition potentially reversing this trend. When a normal fault intersects modern tectonic stress at a perpendicular or large angle, the fault zone may transition to a compressional state, enhancing gas preservation. Fold structures were found to play a significant role in gas distribution, with anticline zones exhibiting the highest gas content, followed by syncline and normal zones. Collapse columns were shown to affect gas occurrence within a range of 15 to 180 m, with the impact depending on factors such as surrounding rock properties, hydrogeological conditions, and fault activity during collapse formation. Additionally, mirror-like sliding surfaces, formed by multiple factors, are prevalent in the coal seam structures of this region. These sliding surfaces are closely linked to structural zones and serve as valuable indicators for geological predictions in coal seam development.
Multi-Timescale Voltage Control Method Using Limited Measurable Information with Explainable Deep Reinforcement Learning
Authors: Matsushima Fumiya , Aoki Mutsumi , Nakamura Yuta , Verma Suresh Chand , Ueda Katsuhisa , Imanishi Yusuke
Published: January 2025

The integration of photovoltaic (PV) power generation systems has significantly increased the complexity of voltage distribution in power grids, making it challenging for conventional Load Ratio Control Transformers (LRTs) to manage voltage fluctuations caused by weather-dependent PV output variations. Power Conditioning Systems (PCSs) interconnected with PV installations are increasingly considered for voltage control to address these challenges. This study proposes a Machine Learning (ML)-based control method for sub-transmission grids, integrating long-term LRT tap-changing with short-term reactive power control of PCSs. The approach estimates the voltage at each grid node using a Deep Neural Network (DNN) that processes measurable substation data. Based on these estimated voltages, the method determines optimal LRT tap positions and PCS reactive power outputs using Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL). This enables real-time voltage monitoring and control using only substation measurements, even in grids without extensive sensor installations, ensuring all node voltages remain within specified limits. To improve the model’s transparency, Shapley Additive Explanation (SHAP), an Explainable AI (XAI) technique, is applied to the DRL model. SHAP enhances interpretability and confirms the effectiveness of the proposed method. Numerical simulations further validate its performance, demonstrating its potential for effective voltage management in modern power grids.
Growth Rate, Tree Rings, and Wood Anatomy of a Tropical Cloud Forest Tree Invader
Authors: Williams-Linera Guadalupe , Díaz-Toribio Milton H. , Angeles Guillermo
Published: January 2025

The presence of shade-tolerant tree invaders has been recently noted in tropical and temperate forest understories. Maximum growth rate is an important trait for exotic trees becoming invaders in a forest. This study aimed to determine the growth rate of Eriobotrya japonica in a secondary cloud forest in central Veracruz, Mexico. The objectives of this study were to determine wood density, tree ring boundaries and number, and their relationship to diameter at breast height (DBH) and climate data. Tree ring counts were obtained using Python-based software with subsequent visual validation. Growth rates were measured using diametric tape, dendrometric bands, and the pinning method. The number of rings increased with DBH, presenting values ranging from 14 to 27. Tree rings were delimited by fibers that were five times narrower in the ring limit zone than in the intra-ring zone. The growth ring delimitation zones were formed when vascular cambium activity stalled during the relatively dry-cold season (January–February). The growth rate of E. japonica was statistically similar (ca. 0.2 mm yr−1) regardless of the method employed to measure it. Relative growth rate was low (0.02 cm cm−1 yr−1). Wood density (0.76 g cm−3) values lay within the upper values for mature forest trees. Eriobotrya japonica is a potential invader, with traits such as high wood density and a relatively low growth rate, which are characteristic of the shade-tolerant tree species.
Optimal Dietary Carbohydrates to Lipids Ratio for Fast and Coordinated Test Growth of Juvenile Sea Urchin (Strongylocentrotus intermedius)
Authors: Gong Panke , Liu Haijing , Gou Dan , Di Weixiao , Cao Jiahao , Ding Jun , Chang Yaqing , Zuo Rantao
Published: January 2025

Rapid and coordinated test growth is crucial for maintaining the normal body shape of Strongylocentrotus intermedius juveniles. In total, 270 S. intermedius (1.19 ± 0.01 g) were randomly assigned to 18 floating cages. Three cages of sea urchins were fed kelp (Saccharina japonica) (control diet) or one of five formulated feeds with different carbohydrate-to-lipid ratios (C/L) (1, 2, 4, 8, and 16) for 90 days. The results suggested that the weight gain rate of S. intermedius fed C/L4 was markedly greater than that fed C/L1 and C/L16 except for kelp, C/L2, and C/L8. The test diameter (TD) and test height (TH) gain rates of S. intermedius fed C/L4 were markedly greater than those fed other dry feeds except for C/L2. The TH/TD of S. intermedius fed kelp was markedly greater than that fed dry feeds, except for C/L1 and C/L2. Juvenile S. intermedius fed C/L2 showed higher test magnesium content, larger holes, and longer and thinner trabeculae than those fed other dry feeds. Overall, juvenile S. intermedius fed C/L4 had the highest body weight gain rate and test growth rate among the formulated feed groups. Juveniles fed C/L2 had the most coordinated test growth reflected by TD/TH, which is comparable to those fed kelp. Therefore, the optimal C/L for rapid and coordinated test growth of juvenile S. intermedius should be higher than 2 but lower than 4.
Phytate Content in Cereals Impacted by Cropping System and Harvest Year
Authors: Korge Mailiis , Alaru Maarika , Keres Indrek , Möll Kaidi , Talgre Liina , Voor Ivo , Altosaar Illimar , Loit-Harro Evelin
Published: January 2025

Phytate is a substance that has been considered mainly as an antinutrient, but at the same time it is a significant source of phosphorus and has several useful health-related properties that could be exploited. In this respect, a field experiment was conducted to study the effect of organic and conventional cropping systems with nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) amounts from 0 to 150 kg ha−1 and 0–25 kg ha−1, respectively, in six years (2017–2022) of weather conditions on phytate content in Estonia. Winter wheat had a higher phytate content of 1.9 ± 0.13 g 100 g−1 compared to spring barley with 1.1 ± 0.05 g 100 g−1. Fertilization with N or P did not affect phytate content in grains. Harvest year weather conditions (precipitation and air temperature) had a strong effect on phytate content. at a specific stage of plant development. Higher values of growing degree days in June and July, which sum in the experimental period varied between 609 and 978 °C, increased phytate content in winter wheat grains (flowering and grain filling stage), while the impact on spring barley phytate content was opposite (heading and flowering stage). Future research should study phytate content in grains grown on varying fertility level soils.
The Role of Fruit Surface Bloom in Consumer Preference for Blueberries: Sensory Evaluation and Multisensory Interactions
Authors: Asensio Claudia M. , Arpaia Mary Lu , Obenland David
Published: January 2025

Three blueberry cultivars (‘San Joaquin’, ‘Jewel’, and ‘Snowchaser’) were harvested at commercial maturity and subjected to different degrees of fruit surface bloom removal (full natural bloom (FB), partial bloom (PB), and removed bloom (RB)) to assess the importance of the bloom to consumer preference. Sensory evaluation assessed flavor, appearance, and overall acceptance under different conditions (darkness and light). Panelists preferred berries with at least some degree of bloom, as influenced by appearance for all varieties, and in ‘Snowchaser’ and ‘Jewel’, flavor acceptance declined when the evaluation allowed the fruit to be visualized. Panelists were prompted to select the attribute most influencing their affective evaluations to better understand the basis for the differences due to the presence of bloom. FB and PB were rated as more appealing, except for ‘Jewel’, where PB was deemed unattractive. At the same time, bloom presence influenced firmness choices, and sweetness and tartness preferences were affected by both variety and evaluation conditions, suggesting complex interactions in multisensory perception. Principal component analysis reinforced the idea that treatments with bloom removal were less accepted overall, while ‘Snowchaser’ samples were consistently well-liked relative to the other two varieties. These findings highlight the importance of bloom presence in blueberry quality perception and consumer behavior.
Early Recognition of Loneliness and Frailty in Relation to Chronic Disease Self-Management: A Quantitative Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Lorber Mateja , Mlinar Reljić Nataša , Kmetec Sergej , Kegl Barbara
Published: January 2025

Background: Chronic disease significantly influences mental health, identity, and self-esteem. It is deeply interconnected with loneliness, frailty, stress, mental health, and the ageing process, forming a complex and interrelated dynamic. The aim was to find an association between loneliness, frailty, mental health, and the patient’s self-management. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted between October 2023 and May 2024. A total of 605 patients with chronic disease took part in the research, of whom 67% were female and 33% were male. In total, 71% of participating patients lived in a home environment, and 19% lived in retirement homes. Results: 605 respondents with chronic disease participated in the study and were recruited using a purposive sampling method. Participants were drawn from healthcare settings, including primary care centres, outpatient clinics, and nursing homes, to increase representativeness. The study achieved a response rate of 55% after distributing 1100 questionnaires. Data were analysed with SPSS Statistics 25.0 using descriptive and inferential statistical methods, including non-parametric tests (Kruskal–Wallis test, Mann–Whitney U test) and Spearman’s correlation. The main results showed that patients who self-rated their chronic disease as well- or very well-managed (81%) were less frail (p < 0.001), less lonely (p < 0.001), and had better mental health (p = 0.015). Significant associations were found between frailty, loneliness (rs = 0.428, p < 0.001), and lower mental health (rs = 0.185, p < 0.001). In addition, frequent social contact was associated with lower frailty and loneliness (p < 0.001). Conclusions: Without adequate assessment and support from the healthcare system, patients may face challenges in meeting their needs, which can contribute to loneliness, frailty, and mental health decline. It is crucial to acknowledge that every individual with a chronic disease, regardless of age, education level, or condition, must actively participate in managing their chronic disease. Recognising the importance of self-management and its impact on mental health is essential to mitigating the negative effects of chronic disease on a patient’s quality of life.
Contact Tracing During the COVID-19 Epidemic: Insights from the Experience of the Veneto Region in Italy
Authors: Ocagli Honoria , Marcolin Erica , Da Re Filippo , Brigiari Gloria , Gentili Davide , Mongillo Michele , Tonon Michele , Michieletto Federica , Gregori Dario , Russo Francesca
Published: January 2025

Background: Nonpharmaceutical public health interventions, such as contact tracing (CT), have been widely implemented worldwide to mitigate the spread of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Objectives: This study investigated the association between CT activity and COVID-19 cases, as well as the impact of timely contact with positive cases on hospitalizations in the Veneto region in northeastern Italy. Methods: Data sources included a CT-focused questionnaire, regional daily CT activity data, and a regional database of daily COVID-19 cases, hospitalizations, and intensive care unit (ICU) admissions. Negative binomial regression models were used to assess associations between CT activity and the number of positive cases, the number of hospitalizations, the time to contact cases, the number of positive cases traced, and the number of CT operators. Different organizational models (OMs) were compared in terms of their effectiveness. Results: Hospitalization rates decreased by 54% when index cases were contacted within 0–1 days compared with a five-day delay in the first period. During periods of increasing case numbers, hospitalizations decreased to 8% for contact ranges of 0–1 and 2–4 days. The increase in CT activity showed a 60% increase in daily activity per 100 cases in the third period, excluding external CT activities. Conclusions: These results emphasize the critical role of prompt and effective CT in controlling the spread of infectious diseases and reducing the burden on health care systems. Further research is warranted to explore the potential benefits and limitations of different organizational models in the context of contact tracing and public health management, as well as in a cross-cultural comparison.
Factors Influencing Self-Confidence and Educational Needs in Electrocardiographic Monitoring Among Emergency Room and Intensive Care Unit Nurses
Authors: Kim Miji , Yoo Jaeyong
Published: January 2025

The self-confidence of nurses in performing electrocardiographic (ECG) monitoring is a critical competency for managing patients with cardiac conditions in high-acuity settings such as emergency rooms (ERs) and intensive care units (ICUs). This study aimed to identify the factors influencing nurses’ confidence in ECG monitoring and to assess their educational needs. A total of 153 ER and ICU nurses participated in this cross-sectional study, completing structured questionnaires assessing their knowledge, confidence, and educational needs regarding ECG monitoring. The findings revealed a moderate mean confidence score of 63.47 (±15.09) out of 100. The key factors associated with higher confidence included the completion of ECG-related education, frequency of evidence searching, and clinical experience within the current department. Additionally, nurses prioritized eight critical educational topics for improving ECG-monitoring competency. These results underscore the importance of tailored educational programs and systematic training strategies to address identified gaps in knowledge and confidence. By prioritizing the specific needs of ER and ICU nurses, healthcare systems can foster supportive work environments, enhance nursing practice, and ultimately improve patient outcomes. Future research should evaluate the long-term impact of educational interventions on nurses’ performance and clinical outcomes.
Young Carers in Early Childhood—How Are Young Carers Represented in Broader Literature and What Factors Influence Dominant Representations of Young Carers in Early Childhood in the UK?
Authors: Ellicott Carly , Ume Rubab Sayyeda , McGowan Andy , Neale Beth , Bidaran Ali , Dewsbery Felicity , Norman Alyson , Lloyd Helen
Published: January 2025

Contextualization of young carers in early childhood is complex. Biopsychosocial impacts of young caregiving are receiving growing interest, yet the voice and experience of society’s youngest carers (0–5 years) remain absent from the literature. This scoping review explores representation of young carers in their early years (0–5 years), presented as part of a broader program of PhD research undertaken by the lead author. Aiming to influence systematic change in the way young carers are perceived and supported in society, further research is recommended. This will serve to better inform whole family support strategies in the context of young carer policy and practice. This review has been undertaken following JBI guidance for scoping reviews. A comprehensive literature search included publications dated 2014–2024 in Scopus, PubMed, PsycINFO, Eric, Web of Science, and Carers Trust and NSPCC websites. The overall search yielded no studies which met the inclusion criteria. Results were discussed with knowledge users, and content experts with lived experience of caring in early childhood, at all stages of the review process. The absence of relevant research highlights a significant gap in knowledge regarding the way in which the lived experiences of young carers in early childhood are represented and understood.
Vitamin E Mitigates Polystyrene-Nanoplastic-Induced Visual Dysfunction in Zebrafish Larvae
Authors: Saputra Febriyansyah , Pramata Azzah Dyah , Soegianto Agoes , Hu Shao-Yang
Published: January 2025

Vitamin E (VitE), a potent antioxidant, has demonstrated significant potential in mitigating oxidative stress and cellular damage, making it a valuable agent for countering environmental toxicities, including those caused by polystyrene nanoplastics (PSNPs). This study examined the effects of PSNPs on the zebrafish visual system and evaluated the protective role of VitE. Zebrafish embryos were exposed to PSNPs (0.01, 0.1, 1, and 10 μg/mL) with or without 20 μM VitE co-treatment from fertilization to 6 days post-fertilization (dpf). Visual function, morphology, and molecular responses were assessed at 4 or 6 dpf. Exposure to PSNPs at concentrations of 0.1 to 10 μg/mL significantly increased bioaccumulation in the zebrafish eye in a concentration-dependent manner and disrupted the visual system. These disruptions caused a reduction in the eye-to-body length ratio and decreased optomotor response positivity and swimming distance, indicating impaired visual function and behavior. Furthermore, PSNPs elevated reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, induced retinal apoptosis, and disrupted gene expression related to visual development (six6, pax2, pax6a, and pax6b), apoptosis (tp53, casp3, bax, and bcl2a), and antioxidant defense (sod1, cat, and gpx1a). VitE co-treatment significantly mitigated these adverse effects, reducing oxidative damage, restoring antioxidant defenses, and preserving retinal function. This study highlights the potential of VitE as a protective agent against PSNP-induced visual dysfunction and underlines the urgent need to address nanoplastic pollution to protect aquatic ecosystems.
Multifaceted Sulfonamide-Derived Thiosemicarbazones: Combining Metal Chelation and Carbonic Anhydrases Inhibition in Anticancer Therapy
Authors: Martínez-Montiel Mónica , Arrighi Giulia , Begines Paloma , González-Bakker Aday , Puerta Adrián , Fernandes Miguel X. , Merino-Montiel Penélope , Montiel-Smith Sara , Nocentini Alessio , Supuran Claudiu T. , Padrón José M. , Fernández-Bolaños José G. , López Óscar
Published: January 2025

The selective inhibition of key enzymes, such as carbonic anhydrases (CAs IX and XII), which are overexpressed in cancer tissues, has emerged as a promising strategy in cancer research. However, a multitarget approach is often preferred to achieve enhanced therapeutic outcomes. In this study, aryl sulfonamides were conjugated with a thiosemicarbazone moiety to enable dual functionality: the inhibition of CAs and the chelation of metal cations. Several structural factors were systematically modified, including the position of the sulfonamido group, the length of the linker, the nature of the aromatic residue, and the type of substituents. Tumor-associated CAs IX and XII inhibition was evaluated using the stopped-flow CO2 hydrase assay, and the inhibition constants (Ki) were determined. The most promising compounds were further analyzed through molecular docking simulations. Metal chelation capabilities were evaluated using UV–Vis spectroscopy, while antiproliferative activities were measured using the sulforhodamine B (SBR) assay. Additionally, holotomographic 3D microscopy was employed to investigate the mechanisms of cell death. Sulfonamido-derived Schiff bases were synthesized through a three-step procedure that did not require column chromatography purification: (1) isothiocyanation of amino-sulfonamides, (2) nucleophilic addition of hydrazine, and (3) acid-promoted condensation with different aldehydes (benzaldehydes or pyridine-2-carboxaldehyde). The synthesized compounds exhibited inhibition of CAs in the low nanomolar to submicromolar range, with selectivity largely influenced by structural features. Notably, the m-sulfonamide derivative 5b, bearing a pyridin-2-yl residue, demonstrated potent and selective inhibition of CA IX (Ki = 4.9 nM) and XII (Ki = 5.6 nM). Additionally, it efficiently chelated Fe2+, Fe3+, and Cu2+ and showed promising antiproliferative activity (GI50 4.5–10 µM). Mechanistic studies revealed that apoptosis was involved in its mode of action. Therefore, the synergistic integration of sulfonamides and thiosemicarbazones represents an effective strategy for the development of multimodal anticancer agents.
Conditional Knockout Kdm2a Reveals Crucial Involvement in Development and Function of Kidney Collecting Ducts
Authors: Xiong Xianrong , Yu Hailing , Li Xupeng , Li Yuan , Zeng Ruilan , Wang Yufan , Zhang Chunhai , Xiong Yan , Fu Wei , He Honghong , Yin Shi , Li Jian
Published: January 2025

Lysine-specific histone demethylase 2 (Kdm2a) is essential for histone modifications involved in development and associated diseases. Nevertheless, the specific functions of Kdm2a in renal development and pathology remain largely unexplored. This study aimed to elucidate the roles of Kdm2a in sustaining the biological functions of the kidney by generating mutant mice with Kdm2a deletion using the Aqp2-cre/Loxp system. Our findings showed that Kdm2a is widely expressed across various mouse tissues, with particularly high expression in the kidney’s cortex and medulla, surpassing that in other tissues. Despite no observable effects on morphology or survival following the conditional knockout of Kdm2a, there was a significant reduction in body weight and bilateral kidney weight compared to controls, most pronounced at the 5-week-old stage (p < 0.05). Post Kdm2a deletion, kidney metabolic functions were impaired, evidenced by altered levels of creatinine, urea, total cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein. Histological examination revealed that Kdm2a-null kidneys exhibited signs of dysfunction, characterized by macrophage infiltration, fibrosis, inflammatory cell infiltration, and mild thrombosis. Further studies revealed that the expression of chemokine- and pro-inflammatory cytokine-related genes Il-6, Il-8, Tnf-a, and Il-1β was significantly increased in the kidneys of Kdm2a cKO mice compared with controls (p < 0.05). Additionally, the expression of reabsorption-related genes (Aqp-3, Aqp-5, and Aqp-8) was markedly downregulated in Kdm2a-deficient kidneys compared with controls (p < 0.05). Collectively, these findings suggest that Kdm2a is crucial for maintaining kidney function and development, partly through the suppression of inflammation and regulation of gene expression. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms of Kdm2a in kidney development warrant further investigation.
Plasma Biomarkers in the Distinction of Alzheimer’s Disease and Frontotemporal Dementia
Authors: Gómez-Tortosa Estrella , Agüero-Rabes Pablo , Ruiz-González Alicia , Wagner-Reguero Sonia , Téllez Raquel , Mahillo Ignacio , Ruiz-Calvo Andrea , Sainz María José , Nystrom Anna Lena , del Ser Teodoro , Sánchez-Juan Pascual
Published: January 2025

Plasma biomarkers are promising tools for the screening and diagnosis of dementia in clinical settings. We analyzed plasma levels of Alzheimer’s core biomarkers, neurofilament light chain (NfL) and glial fibrillary acid protein (GFAP), through single-molecule Array in 108 patients with Alzheimer’s (AD, cerebrospinal fluid with an amyloid+ tau+ neurodegeneration+ profile), 73 patients with frontotemporal dementia (FTD, 24 with genetic diagnosis), and 54 controls. The best area under the curve (AUC) was used to assess the discriminative power. Patients with AD had lower Aß42/40 ratios and NfL levels, along with higher levels of p-tau181 and GFAP, compared with FTD patients. Single biomarkers discriminated well between dementia patients and controls: the Aß42/40 ratio (AUC:0.86) or GFAP (AUC:0.83) was found for AD, and the NfL (AUC:0.84) was found for FTD patients. However, a combination of two (NfL with p-tau181, or the GFAP/NfL ratio, AUCs ~0.87) or three biomarkers (NfL, P-tau181, and Aß42/40 ratio, AUC: 0.90) was required to distinguish between AD and FTD. Biomarker profiles were similar across different FTD phenotypes, except for carriers of PGRN mutations, who had higher levels of NfL than C9orf72 expansion carriers. In our series, NfL alone provided the best distinction between FTD and controls, while a combination of two or three biomarkers was required to obtain good discrimination between AD and FTD.
Structural Damage Detection Using an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle-Based 3D Model and Deep Learning on a Reinforced Concrete Arch Bridge
Authors: Alfaro Mary C. , Vidal Rodrigo S. , Delgadillo Rick M. , Moya Luis , Casas Joan R.
Published: January 2025

Visual inspection is a common method for detecting structural damage, but has limitations in terms of subjectivity, time, and access. This research proposes an innovative approach to identify cracks using a 3D model generated from photographs of an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) and the use of a convolutional neural network (CNN). These networks are effective in detecting complex patterns, improving the accuracy and efficiency of damage identification based on simple visual inspection. The case study is the old Villena Rey bridge in Lima, Peru. The methodology covers (i) the development of a 3D model of the bridge structure, (ii) the extraction of photographs of the model and its binary segmentation, (iii) the application of deep learning through the training and testing phase of a CNN to achieve crack detection in photographs, and (iv) damage location within the 3D model. An 88.4% accuracy was achieved in crack detection, identifying 18 damage points, of which 3 turned out to be false positives. Additionally, it was determined that the left pillar in the southern area of the bridge presented the highest concentration of damage, which underlines the effectiveness of the method used.
Post-Hoc Analysis of a Multicenter Clinical Trial: Correlation of Coagulation Factor Changes and MRI-Defined Treatment Outcomes After Sclerotherapy for Venous Malformations
Authors: Nomura Tadashi , Ozaki Mine , Osuga Keigo , Kurita Masakazu , Hayashi Ayato , Yuzuriha Shunsuke , Aramaki-Hattori Noriko , Hikosaka Makoto , Nozaki Taiki , Ozeki Michio , Ochi Junko , Akiyama Shimpei , Kakei Yasumasa , Miyakoda Keiko , Kashiwagi Naoko , Yasuda Takahiro , Iwashina Yuki , Kaneko Tsuyoshi , Terashi Hiroto , Harii Kiyonori
Published: January 2025

Background/Objectives: The therapeutic efficacy of percutaneous sclerotherapy (PS) for venous malformations (VMs) based on volumetric magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) measurements and its association with early post-treatment coagulation markers remains unexplored. This study evaluates the therapeutic efficacy of 5% monoethanolamine oleate (EO)-based PS in treating difficult-to-resect VMs using volumetric MRI and investigates its association with early changes in coagulation markers. Methods: This post-hoc analysis utilized data from a prospective, open-label, multicenter clinical trial initiated on 1 January 2021. The correlation between MRI-determined volume reduction and post-sclerotherapy changes in coagulation markers was assessed. Results: Between January 2021 and April 2023, 44 patients underwent EO-based PS. Based on a ≥ 20% VM volume reduction, patients were classified into “achieved” (n = 26; 59.1%) and “non-achieved” (n = 18; 40.9%) groups. D-dimer levels significantly increased on postoperative day 1 (POD1) compared with pretreatment screening (p < 0.001), whereas fibrinogen and prothrombin international normalized ratio levels remained unchanged. In the achieved group, a significant correlation was observed between the volume reduction rate and the administered EO dose per lesion volume (mL/cm3; Spearman’s ρ = 0.43, p = 0.03). The non-achieved group showed significantly higher D-dimer elevation than the achieved group (p = 0.03). Conclusions: This is the first multicenter study to evaluate EO-based PS efficacy for VMs using volumetric MRI and explore its relationship with early post-treatment coagulation markers. Elevated D-dimer levels on POD1 were not predictive of treatment efficacy, highlighting their limited clinical utility in assessing therapeutic response.
Indocyanine Green as a Marker for Tissue Ischemia in Spinal Tumor Resections and Extended Revisions: A Technical Note
Authors: Ward Max , Schneider Daniel , Brown Ethan D. L. , Maity Apratim , Obeng-Gyasi Barnabas , Ber Roee , Elsamadicy Aladine A. , Sciubba Daniel M. , Knobel Denis , Lo Sheng-Fu Larry
Published: January 2025

Background/Objectives: The increasing complexity of spinal oncology procedures, particularly in en-bloc tumor resections, creates challenges in tissue perfusion assessment due to extended operative times and extensive surgical dissection. Real-time visualization of tissue perfusion can be achieved with ICG using commercially available handheld imaging systems, offering potential advantages in spinal oncology cases. This study assessed the utility of ICG in analyzing soft-tissue viability during complex spine procedures extending beyond 7.5 h, with a particular focus on oncologic resections. Methods: Three cases that required over 7.5 h of operative time were chosen for ICG utilization. These cases included an en-bloc malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor resection, an en-bloc resection of a malignant epithelioid neoplasm, and a long-segment fusion revision for pseudoarthrosis. At the conclusion of the critical portion of the procedure, a handheld intraoperative fluorescence camera was utilized to visualize the tissue penetration of intravenous ICG. Results: Prior to injecting ICG, devascularized tissue was not clearly visible. Injecting ICG allowed clear separation of vascularized (fluorescing) and devascularized (non-fluorescing) tissues. One region of non-florescent tissue was later confirmed to be devascularized with MRI and experienced postoperative infection. Conclusions: As the complexity of spinal oncology procedures increases, ICG fluorescence imaging offers a novel method for real-time assessment of tissue perfusion. This technique may be particularly valuable in extensive tumor resections, post-radiation cases, and revision surgeries where tissue viability is at risk. Further investigation in the spinal oncology population could help establish whether early identification of poorly perfused tissues impacts wound healing outcomes.
A Novel Time-Frame Regional Collision Risk Model Based on Dynamic Time Warping
Authors: Liu Zihao , Yu Peijun
Published: January 2025

The quantification of collision risk in the water area is crucial for marine traffic safety. However, most existing studies primarily adopt a statistical perspective or only consider collision risks at discrete time points, neglecting the dynamic nature and temporal characteristics of collision risk. To overcome the problem, this paper proposed a novel time-frame regional collision risk model based on dynamic time warping (DTW). The time series of the ships in the water area were generated by modeling the collision risk from the perspectives of geometric encounters and traffic situation pressure. Dynamic time warping was used to mine the eigenvalue of each sequence in representing collision risk. The time-frame regional collision risk can be obtained by synthesizing the collision risk eigenvalues through considering the contribution of each ship to the entire collision risk. To validate the proposed model, some experiments were carried out by using the real AIS data in the Bohai Strait. The results show the capability of the proposed model in reasonably and effectively identifying the time-frame regional collision risk and prove its merits compared with the traditional methods. Therefore, it can better assist the supervision and analysis of regional collision risk so as to further enhance marine traffic safety.
Thermal Performance Investigation in Historical Urban Neighborhoods Using ENVI-Met Simulation Software
Authors: Koutsanitis Stergios , Sinou Maria , Kanetaki Zoe , Tousi Evgenia , Varelidis George
Published: January 2025

Urban heritage areas are characterized by unique architectural and cultural elements, often coupled with specific challenges such as vulnerability to climate change and urban heat islands (UHIs). Investigating thermal performance at the neighborhood scale is crucial for preserving these areas while enhancing thermal comfort and sustainability. The aim of this research is to prove that the application of passive cooling techniques and urban green spaces can reduce the urban temperature and upgrade the conditions of thermal comfort, even in densely populated areas with small urban void spaces. ENVI-Met, a microclimate modeling software for evaluating the thermal performance of heritage urban neighborhoods, is applied in order to assess current thermal conditions, identify hotspots, perform simulations, and propose mitigation strategies to improve thermal comfort while preserving the architectural and cultural integrity of these areas. The test bed of this study is a historical urban area in central Athens, “Academia Platonos”. The methodology is mainly based on the design of different parametric scenarios for the study area, by integrating specific parameters that characterize the area of Academia Platonos (elevation distribution, materials, vegetation, etc.) and the microclimatic simulations of the area, designed in the digital environment of ENVI-Met. Five scenarios are implemented and studied in the study area, four of which are based on the existing situation of the study area, either by changing the construction materials of the built environment (passive cooling through cool material techniques) or by enhancing the area with vegetation. One of the most important findings of this study is that the use of plants with a high foliage density is more effective in reducing air temperature than the selection of species with sparse foliage.
A Study on the Public Perception of Sports Spaces Under Urban Overpasses from the Perspective of Age Differences
Authors: Wen Ziyi , Luo Xiangming , Wang Xin , Liu Haoran
Published: January 2025

As China’s urban development enters the era of stock optimization, the practice of transforming and utilizing spaces under urban overpasses is rapidly gaining momentum. Converting these underpass spaces into sports areas has emerged as a new form of creating public space. Understanding the perceptions of users from different age groups towards these underpass spaces holds significant guiding value for optimizing the design of such areas and improving the quality of service. Taking the Yanshan Interchange Lowline Park in Jinan as an example, this research applied methods of observation, interviews, questionnaires, and importance–satisfaction analysis (ISA) to investigate the activity preferences and the similarities and differences in the perceptions of spatial environment elements in underpass spaces among four age groups: children, youth, middle-aged adults, and the elderly. The findings indicate that different age groups exhibit varying degrees of sensitivity to spatial information, demand levels, and perceptual perspectives in underline parks, which result in distinct spatiotemporal distributions and spatial perception disparities when using the park. All the groups agree that the underpass sports space requires significant improvements in terms of comfort and safety. Based on this, this study proposes age-friendly urban space renewal strategies for spaces under elevated highways, focusing on addressing areas with lower satisfaction across all age groups. These strategies include optimizing the allocation of time, area, and activity types within activity spaces, enhancing the safety and comfort of activity areas, and enriching the cultural connotation and inclusivity of the space. This research provides a theoretical basis for optimizing and creating age-friendly or age-specific urban sports public spaces under elevated highways.
Breaking the Cycle: Enhancing Cardiovascular Health in the Elderly Through Group Exercise
Authors: Bilajac Lovorka , Marinović Glavić Mihaela , Kristijan Zulle , Matea Bilobrk , Juraga Denis , Jelaković Ana , Rukavina Tomislav , Vasiljev Vanja , Jelaković Bojan
Published: January 2025

The global increase in aging populations underscores the urgency of addressing cardio–kidney metabolic health indicators, particularly among sedentary elderly individuals. This study investigates the impact of an 8-month structured group exercise program on cardiovascular health indicators among 320 women aged 60 and older living independently in Rijeka. Participants engaged in biweekly sessions designed to improve mobility, balance, and strength. Key metrics, including blood pressure (BP), body mass index (BMI), waist-to-hip (WHR) and waist-to-height ratio (WHtR), and hand grip strength, were measured before and after the intervention. Results revealed significant reductions in systolic blood pressure (mean −3.4 mmHg) and pulse pressure among hypertensive participants, highlighting improved cardiovascular function. BP control significantly improved (7.2%), and 19% of untreated hypertensive subjects at the start become normotensive at the end of follow-up. Although BMI changes were minimal, WHtR improvements indicated reductions in central obesity and muscle fat redistribution. Hand grip strength increased significantly on both arms, correlating with physical capacity. The results underline the benefits of group training for improving health even in the elderly population through an organized exercise program. While these preliminary results demonstrate promising health improvements, further research with longer follow-up and inclusion of diverse participant groups is recommended to validate these outcomes and refine intervention strategies.
Dynamic Response Analysis of Ballastless Tracks Considering the Temperature-Dependent Viscoelasticity of Cement-Emulsified Asphalt Mortar Based on a Vehicle–Track–Subgrade Coupled Model
Authors: Chen Yunqing , Wu Bing , Yao Linquan , Su Xianglong
Published: January 2025

This study aims to explore the dynamic response of ballastless tracks under various temperatures of the cement-emulsified asphalt (CA) mortar layer and other environmental factors. CA mortar is the key material in the ballastless track structure, exhibiting notably temperature-dependent viscoelastic properties. It can be damaged or even fail due to the continuous loads from trains. However, the dynamic behaviors of ballastless tracks considering the temperature-dependent viscoelasticity of CA mortar have been insufficiently studied. This paper captures the temperature-dependent viscoelastic characteristics of CA mortar by employing the fractional Maxwell model and applying it to finite element simulations through a Prony series. A vehicle–track–subgrade (VTS) coupled CRTS I ballastless track model, encompassing Hertz nonlinear contact and track irregularity, is established. The model is constrained symmetrically on both of the longitudinal sides, and the bottom is fixed on the infinite element boundary, which can reduce the effects of reflected waves. After the simulation outcomes in this study are validated, variations in the dynamic responses under different environmental factors are analyzed, offering a theoretical foundation for maintaining the ballastless tracks. The results show that the responses in the track subsystem will undergo significant changes as the temperature rises; a notable effect is caused by the increase in speed and fastener stiffness on the entire system; the CA mortar layer experiences the maximum stress at its edge, which makes it highly susceptible to damage in this area. The original contribution of this work is the establishment of a temperature-dependent vehicle–track–subgrade coupled model that incorporates the viscoelasticity of the CA mortar, enabling the investigation of dynamic responses in ballastless tracks.
Use of Biopowders as Adsorbents of Potentially Toxic Elements Present in Aqueous Solutions
Authors: Santás-Miguel Vanesa , Lalín-Pousa Vanesa , Conde-Cid Manuel , Rodríguez-Seijo Andrés , Pérez-Rodríguez Paula
Published: January 2025

This study examines the adsorption and desorption behaviors of phosphorus (P), arsenic (As), fluoride (F), and chromium (Cr) in aqueous solutions on green materials such as cork bark (CB) and pine bark (PB). These materials are characterized by active functional groups and net negative charges on their surfaces and porous structures. The evaluation considers variations in contaminant concentrations (0.01–10 mM) and pH (3.5–12). Cork bark exhibited higher adsorption capacity for As and F, while PB was more effective for P and Cr. Adsorption isotherms followed the Freundlich and Langmuir models, indicating surface heterogeneity and multilayer adsorption for most potentially toxic elements (PTEs). Desorption tests demonstrated low rates, with CB retaining up to 99% of F and 85% of As, and PB achieving up to 86% retention for Cr and 70% for P. The influence of pH was minimal for As, P, and F, but acidic conditions significantly enhanced Cr adsorption, showing similar behavior for both biopowders. These findings suggest that CB and PB biopowders are promising, environmentally friendly biosorbents for the removal of PTEs from aqueous solutions. Their effectiveness varies depending on the specific contaminant. This study highlights the potential of these natural materials for sustainable applications in water treatment and soil remediation.