bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Management optimisation and technologies application: a right approach to balance energy saving needs and process goals
Authors: Ragazzo P. , Falletti L. , Chiucchini N. , Serra G.
Published: September 2013

Energy saving is an ever increasing need not only as a result of the growth in energy global demand and as a result of progressive erosion of supply sources. Another reason is that the environmental impact deriving from energy use is becoming more and more a reason for concern (60% increase of CO2 emissions over the last 30 years). Rationalizing energy use therefore is a goal in relation to global energy policies. Recently the European Union has developed a plan to reduce energy consumption (20% by 2020): it has issued rules and guidelines targeted at efficiency improvement in different areas such as infrastructure, products, processes and services. Energy saving is therefore a must in wastewater treatment, but one needs to achieve this target without damaging the process. That said, the objective could be reached only by acting contemporarily on technologies and relative selection criteria, designing procedures and, last but not least, Waste Water Treatment Plant monitoring and management practices. This paper focuses on these different areas pointing out opportunities, benefits and possible setbacks in relation to process performance, highlighting the impact of management operations. Starting from simple management variables, it also contains an example concerning the necessary instruments and the coordination of controls needed to regularly evaluate intervention needs and available margins. This paper also deals with the consequences of technologies encouraged as solutions for stable and effective processes, but which are in clear contrast to energy saving goals.
Sludge disposal and wastewater treatment in the region of Bratislava
Authors: Kriš J. , Galík M. , Kvassay V. , Ivanič G.
Published: September 2013

In the process of wastewater treatment there are generated products that wastewater treatment plant operators want to eliminate. The most important product – waste generated in mechanical-biological treatment of wastewater – is sludge. Bratislava Water Company (BVS) operates three wastewater treatment plants (WWTP) with different mechanical-biological treatment technologies in the region of the Slovak capital. The total capacity of these WWTP is 1,515,000 population equivalent (p.e.). The WWTP serve the needs of about 557,000 p.e. who produce about 140,000 m3/day of wastewater. Annual production of mechanically dewatered anaerobically stabilized sludge is about 560,000 tons. At present, the biogas obtained from sludge is used for bioenergy production. The resulting thermal energy is used for technological purposes such as heating of operating premises and sludge digestion tanks. The obtained sludge is further recovered as a component in production of industrial compost or it can also be used for direct application to agricultural or forest land (if appropriate composition).
Optimization of Denser Nonaqueous Phase Liquids-contaminated groundwater remediation based on Kriging surrogate model
Authors: Lu Wenxi , Chu Haibo , Zhao Ying , Luo Jiannan
Published: September 2013

Spillage of large amounts of Denser Nonaqueous Phase Liquids (DNAPLs) had resulted in serious pollution of groundwater resources throughout the world; a large number of studies had demonstrated surfactant-enhanced remediation is a more effective approach to remediate DNAPLs contaminations. In this paper, the remediation optimization process was carried out in three steps. Firstly, a water-oil-surfactant simulation model had been firstly established to simulate a surfactant enhanced aquifer remediation process. The Kriging surrogate model had been developed to get a similar input–output relationship with simulation model. In the final, a nonlinear optimization model was formulated for the minimum cost, and Kriging surrogate model had been embedded into the optimization model as a constrained condition. What is more, simulated annealing method was used to solve the optimization model and give the optimal Surfactant-Enhanced Aquifer Remediation strategy. The results showed Kriging surrogate model had reduced computational burden and make the optimization model easy to solve, and the optimal strategies gave an effective guide to contaminants remediation process.
Combined removal of nutrients and suspended solids in a dual-media post-denitrification filter as additional process step of wastewater treatment plants
Authors: Sperlich A. , Geyer P. , Gnirss R. , Barjenbruch M.
Published: September 2013

Operation of a pilot-scale dual-media biological filter as post-denitrification step in a municipal wastewater treatment plant was investigated for 28 months. In order to identify key design parameters, filtration rate, external carbon dosing concentration and strategy as well as backwash frequency were varied. The results show that dual-media biological filtration is able to achieve effluent concentrations of total suspended solids (TSS) ≤2 mg/L and NO3-N ≤ 5 mg/L. TSS removal also leads to a reduction of particulate bound phosphorus and chemical oxygen demand without dosing any precipitant. Soluble reactive phosphorus is required for growth of the denitrifying bacteria and reduced from 0.4 to 0.3 mg/L in the filter effluent, corresponding to approximately 0.02 g P/g NOx-N removed. Depending on NOx-N loading and carbon dosage, average denitrification rates of 0.5–1.0 kg NOx-N/m3*d were achieved in different operational phases. Seasonally varying nitrite formation and breakthrough in the filter effluent were observed and could not be controlled by adjusting carbon dosage and backwash frequency. Effective operational strategies to prevent nitrite breakthrough at NOx-N loads in the range of 1–2 kg NOx-N/m3*d and high influent O2 levels are therefore needed.
Clinical Assessment of the Shoulder
Authors: Donnelly Thomas D , Ashwin Sridhar , MacFarlane Robert J , Waseem Mohammed
Published: September 2013

The shoulder joint is complex in structure and functionality. It is often difficult to assess clinically due to the great variety of associated pathology. This article presents an overview of the anatomy of the shoulder region and associated pathologies, whilst providing a summary of the clinical examination of the shoulder and associated ‘special tests’.

A full history is vital when assessing shoulder pathology. No particular test is fully sensitive or specific alone and accuracy varies between both clinicians and patients alike. Assessment of the shoulder should be conducted systematically with a range of tests combined.
Current Concepts in Anaesthesia for Shoulder Surgery
Authors: Sulaiman Lutfi , MacFarlane Robert J , Waseem Mohammad
Published: September 2013

There has been an exponential growth in the volume of shoulder surgery in the last 2 decades and a very wide variety of anaesthetic techniques have emerged to provide anaesthesia and post-operative analgesia. In this article we examine current opinion, risks, benefits and practicalities of anaesthetic practice and the provision of post-operative analgesia for shoulder surgery.
The Frozen Shoulder: Myths and Realities
Authors: Nagy Mathias Thomas , MacFarlane Robert J. , Khan Yousaf , Waseem Mohammad
Published: September 2013

Frozen shoulder is a common, disabling but self-limiting condition, which typically presents in three stages and ends in resolution. Frozen shoulder is classified as primary (idiopathic) or secondary cases. The aetiology for primary frozen shoulder remains unknown. It is frequently associated with other systemic conditions, most commonly diabetes mellitus, or following periods of immobilisation e.g. stroke disease. Frozen shoulder is usually diagnosed clinically requiring little investigation. Management is controversial and depends on the phase of the condition. Non-operative treatment options for frozen shoulder include analgesia, physiotherapy, oral or intra-articular corticosteroids, and intra-articular distension injections. Operative options include manipulation under anaesthesia and arthroscopic release and are generally reserved for refractory cases.
Quality Features of Metal Matrix Composite Castings
Authors: Gawdzińska K.
Published: September 2013

In this paper it is stated, that a set of quality features of metal matrix composite castings differs from the same set for castings of classic materials, although some features are common for both of these material groups. These features (pertaining to a set of quality characteristics of composite castings) have been named as specific, they have not been determined yet and a description of material quality should be performed (according to the qualitology) on a principle of description of quality characteristics of this product. Therefore, this set of features has been determined. It was proposed to add the following characteristics to the set of specific features of composite castings quality: matrix material, reinforcement material, binding between components and porosity of the composite casting. In this set a sub-set of quality characteristics of composite castings was also determined.
Effects of Extrusion Parameters by KoBo Method on the Mechanical Properties and Microstructure of Aluminum
Authors: Pieła K. , Błaz L. , Jaskowski M.
Published: September 2013

Commercial purity aluminum was extruded by means of KoBo method at varied processing parameters. Received extrudates, with different mechanical and electrical properties and work hardening behavior, were obtained. It was found, that some conditions of KoBo extrusion process such as low initial billet temperature, low extrusion rate and low frequency of oscillating die lead to extremely high strength and high electrical resistivity of the material. The absence of work hardening (up to 40% strain) during subsequent groove rolling is also a specific feature of received materials. It was suggested that mentioned features are related to the development of overbalance concentration of point defects (clusters) generated during the extrusion process. During following cold rolling of the extrudate, mentioned defects annihilate at gliding dislocations and make the dislocation climbing and their rearrangement easier. Therefore, until the exhaustion of this mechanism, the hardening of material during cold rolling is very limited. Following increase of the material strengthening at higher rolling strains point to the return of the material to its typical behavior observed for cold deformed aluminum produced by conventional hot extrusion.
Research of New Splitting Process of Pipe Billets from 2618A Aluminium Alloy Basing on Cross-Wedge Rolling
Authors: Tofil A.
Published: September 2013

This paper are presented the results of theoretical and experimental research on splitting without waste of pipe billets from aluminium alloy realized basing on cross-wedge rolling method. The analyzed process is connected with rolling of a V-shape groove on a split billet circumference, and later with rotary bending causing material separation. In theoretical analysis, based on simulations by means of finite element method, basic models of metal cracking (brittle and ductile) were applied. During calculations, the following process parameters were changed: forming angle α, bending angle θ and reduction ratio ∆r. The achieved results allowed for a precise analysis of the splitting process within the scope of: state of strain, kinematics of flow, force parameters, state of stresses and type of cracking of the split material. On the basis of experimental research, the influence of the analyzed parameters on the surface of splitting was estimated and scope of parameters guaranteeing the assumed quality of the product was given. The comparison of theoretical and experimental results showed good conformity.
Composite Zones Obtained by in situ Synthesis in Steel Castings
Authors: Olejnik E. , Sobula S. , Tokarski T. , Sikora G.
Published: September 2013

Application of in-situ technique allows for fabrication of composite zone in the casting with a matrix of cast steel with low carbon content. The reinforcing phase in the composite zone is titanium carbide, produced by the synthesis of substrates introduced into the mould in the form of pressed compacts. Metallographic studies were performed in order to determine of homogeneity of composite zones and characteristic features existed in transition area between the composite zone and core of the casting. The transition areas of composites zone were blurred and there were no discontinuities caused by poor bonding between the composite zone and the core of the casting. To confirm the correct run of the TiC synthesis, phase analysis was performed of the base alloy as well as composite zone. The results of this examination indicated that there were two phases in composite zone, i.e. α Fe and TiC and only α Fe was observed in base alloy. Changes of mechanical properties in the composite zone were examined, measuring its hardness HV. The average hardness values of the base alloy and composite zone were 175 ±4 and 696 ±201 HV, respectively.
Segregation of Elements in Corrosion Resistant Castings of Diversified Wall Thickness
Authors: Malatyńska P.
Published: September 2013

The segregation of elements in two corrosion resistant cast steel grades Cr18-Ni9-Mo, in castings of wall thickness: 7, 15 and 30 mm were performed. The results indicate the analogous path of curves of the content of Fe, Cr, Ni, Mo and C, in walls of various thickness. Decrease in the content observed in the delta ferrite Fe (2 to 3 wt. %), Ni (from 3.5 to 5 wt. %) and C (about 1 wt. %), where the Mo and Cr increased their content of 2% wt. %, and about 6% wt. respectively in the case of the two test cast. For the test steel Q2 with a carbon content 0.054 wt. % were found carbides in the form of white precipitates on the grain boundary of delta ferrite. This resulted in the occurrence of the peaks in the lines of the element distribution analysis especially for molybdenum, iron and carbon, as shown in the diagrams for various segregation of wall thickness.
Effects of Steel – Applied for Large-Dimension Castings for the Power Engineering – Refining in The Ladle-Furnace
Authors: Kalandyk B. , Wojtal W.
Published: September 2013

The changes of a sulphur content during refining in melting low-alloy and high-alloy steels (G17CrMoV5-10; GX12CrMoNiVNbN9-1) applied for large-dimension castings for the power engineering are presented in the hereby paper. The investigated steel was melted in the oxygen-recovery melting technology with an application of maximum 70% of the process scrap. In addition, after steel melting in the electric arc furnace (EAF), the secondary metallurgy was performed in the ladle furnace (LF). It was shown that the application of the secondary metallurgy by a synthetic slag in the ladle furnace and argon bubbling of a metal bath leads to obtaining in the final analysis: 0.0043-0.0046% of sulphur (a decrease of S content during refining in LF reached 40%). Current measurements of FeO in the slag and maintaining its content below 0.8%, support obtaining such low sulphur content in steel. So low level of the slag oxidizing is one of the necessary conditions for a deep desulphurisation of the metal bath. Without the secondary metallurgy the sulphur content in low-alloy cast steel was 0.007%, while 0.01% in high-alloy cast steel. Controlling of the gas (oxygen, nitrogen) content during steel melting and correcting the amount of additions (e.g. deoxidants), allowed to obtain the low oxygen content (below 45 ppm for two investigated steel grades) and nitrogen content (88 ppm for low-alloy steel and 330 ppm for high-alloy steel), which warrants a good combination of strength and plastic properties.
Structure And Properties of the Centrifugally Cast High-Alloyed (25Cr35NiNbTi) Steel after Long-Time Operation in Steam Reforming
Authors: Mikułowski B. , Zapała R. , Głownia J. , Wilk P.
Published: September 2013

The paper presents the influence of performance conditions of high-alloyed nickel-chromium cast steel intended for use in steam reforming plants on the morphology and number of phases present in centrifugally cast tubes. Structure identification was done by the methods of light and scanning microscopy. It was found that the main components of the tested cast steel microstructures are carbides of, among others, chromium, iron, and niobium. The structure has also been reported to contain the sigma phase. Additionally, at three test temperatures (20, 820 and 945°), the mechanical properties of the cast steel were determined after years of operation under industrial conditions. The tested material was characterised by low, compared with standard requirements, mechanical properties. A relationship between the content of phases (primary and secondary carbides), measured by the methods of quantitative metallography, and the yield strength of the tested material was determined. The yield strength determined at room temperature, and at 820° and 945° assumed higher values in samples characterised by a relatively large volume content of phases.
Heuristic Models of the Toughening Process to Improve the Properties of Non-Ferrous Metal Alloys
Authors: Górny Z. , Kluska-Nawarecka S. , Wilk-Kołodziejczyk D.
Published: September 2013

The object of the conducted experimental studies was determination of the physical properties of the BA1044 alloy subjected to several types of toughening and modification under varying conditions. The aim of the experiments was to determine which of the above mentioned technological processes has greater impact on the value of the alloy parameters and how these treatments should be chosen to get the metal with the desired properties on a limited number of experiments.
Shape Complicated Casting Defects Prediction Based on Computer Simulation
Authors: Cholewa M. , Szuter T.
Published: September 2013

The impact of mould filling parameters on casting defects in shape complicated skeleton casting was investigated. Skeleton castings are low weight cellular material mainly used for energy absorption in for example automotive industry. For prediction of defects such as porosities, the computer simulations of mould filling and solidification were used. In such shape complicated structures like skeleton castings it is very difficult to predict localization of the defects. This knowledge is very important to gain information about deformation mechanisms and for impact behaviour modelling. Series of the skeleton castings were investigated by computer tomography to validate simulations results.
The Influence of The Configuration of Operating Parameters of a Machine for Thermal Reclamation on the Efficiency of Reclamation Process
Authors: Łucarz M.
Published: September 2013

An experimental machine for thermal reclamation, constructed specifically for the research purposes, enables various ways of regaining sand grains from the used moulding and core sands bound by synthetic resins. The source of heat for the process of burning the used moulding and core sands is provided by three gas burners equipped with automatic ignition devices which control the flame and whose work is individually steered by temperature adjusters. It is extremely important to find an appropriate system of stirring the reclaimed sand in order to create the conditions for fast and even burning of the border of the used synthetic binder. The fluidized floor in the machine for thermal reclamation presented in the paper is divided into three independent sections. Air provided to each section by a blower gets through an electrovalve, whose work is steered by an electronic system which was designed and constructed specifically for the use in machine. The adequately set time adjusters in the controller make the electrovalve open and enable the air to flow to particular sections of the fluidized floor of the reclamation chamber. The process is monitored and the working parameters are recorded electronically. The diverse methods of stirring the reclaimed sand used in the process were analyzed in relation to their influence on temperature fluctuation in the reclamation chamber, the length of reclamation process, the amount of the media needed to obtain the purity of the reclaimed (gas, energy), in order to obtain the reclaimed sand of purity defined in terms of ignition losses.
Determination of the Strengthening Coefficient of Pressure Cast AlSi13Cu2/Chopped Carbon Fibre Composite
Authors: Konopka Z. , Łągiewka M. , Nadolski M. , Zyska A.
Published: September 2013

The purpose of the work is the determination of the strengthening coefficient for the AlSi13Cu2 alloy matrix composite reinforced with chopped carbon fibre and produced by high-pressure casting method. This coefficient was determined during the static tensile test using the Ramberg-Osgood equation. The regression relationships between strain and stress were established, serving as a basis for finding the strengthening coefficient values. The measurements and calculations were performed also for the matrix alloy itself, for the purpose of comparison. The examined coefficient decreased with an increase of fibre fraction in the composite. Its value for composite containing 15 vol. % of chopped fibre was found to be lower by 30% than the value determined for matrix alloy, what means the strengthening of the alloy to such a degree.
Ann Modelling for the Analysis of the Green Moulding Sands Properties
Authors: Jakubski J. , Malinowski P. , Dobosz St.M. , Major-Gabrýs G.
Published: September 2013

Application of modern technological solutions, as well as the economic and ecological solutions, is for foundries one of the main aspects of the competitiveness on the market for castings. IT solutions can significantly support technological processes. This article presents neural networks with different structures that have been used to determine the moisture content of the moulding sand based on the moulding sand selected properties research results. Neural networks were built using Matlab software. Moulding sand properties chosen for quality control processes were selected based on wide previous results.

For the proposed moulding sand properties, neural networks can be a useful tool for predicting moisture content. The structure of artificial neural network do not have a significant influence on the obtained results. In subsequent studies on the use of neural networks as an application to support the green moulding sand rebonding process, it must be determined how factors such as environmental humidity and moulding sand temperature will affect the accuracy of data obtained with the use of artificial neural networks.
Using Cored Wire Injection Method in the Production of Austenitic High Ni-Alloyed Ductile Iron Castings
Authors: Guzik E. , Wierzchowski D.
Published: September 2013

Below are described results of the analysis concerning the use of two cored wire injection method (2PE- 9) and the unique application of a drum ladle as a treatment, transport and casting one, instead of a vertical treatment ladle. Parameter optimization, like: length of nodulariser wire, residual magnesium content, treatment and pouring temperature have been shown. Influence of various treatment temperatures, magnesium-cored wire velocities (Mg-treatment times) and weights of molten alloy on magnesium recovery are demonstrated. Moreover, graphite nodule content in relation to different raw materials in the charge mix are presented. Typical microstructure, mechanical properties and treatment costs are given as well. Using specific industrial conditions for tests and optimal, low scrap production of austenitic nodular cast iron (EN-GJSA-XNiSiCr35-5-2 Grade, according with EN 13835), makes this innovative method very credible. Injection of two Ø 9 mm wires; cored in FeSi + Mg nodulariser mixture and inoculant master alloy into a drum ladle is a treatment method that can be used for the production of ductile iron melted in a coreless induction furnace.
Photocatalitic Properties of Tio2 and ZnO Nanopowders / Tio2 un Zno Nanopulveru Fotokatalitiskās Īpašības
Authors: Grigorjeva L. , Rikveilis J. , Grabis J. , Jankovica Dz. , Monty C. , Millers D. , Smits K.
Published: September 2013

Photocatalytic activity of TiO2 and ZnO nanopowders is studied depending on the morphology, grain sizes and method of synthesizing. Photocatalysis of the prepared powders was evaluated by degradation of the methylene blue aqueous solution. Absorbance spectra (190-100 nm) were measured during exposure of the solution to UV light. The relationships between the photocatalytic activity and the particle size, crystal polymorph phases and grain morphology were analyzed. The photocatalytic activity of prepared TiO2 nanopowders has been found to depend of the anatase-to-rutile phase ratio. Comparison is given for the photocatalytic activity of ZnO nanopowders prepared by sol-gel and solar physical vapour deposition (SPVD) methods
LED irradiance level affects growth and nutritional quality of Brassica microgreens
Authors: Samuolienė Giedrė , Brazaitytė Aušra , Jankauskienė Julė , Viršilė Akvilė , Sirtautas Ramūnas , Novičkovas Algirdas , Sakalauskienė Sandra , Sakalauskaitė Jurga , Duchovskis Pavelas
Published: September 2013

This study examines the effect of irradiance level produced by solid-state light-emitting diodes (LEDs) on the growth, nutritional quality and antioxidant properties of Brassicaceae family microgreens. Kohlrabi (Brassica oleracea var. gongylodes, ‘Delicacy Purple’) mustard (Brassica juncea L., ‘Red Lion’), red pak choi (Brassica rapa var. chinensis, ‘Rubi F1’) and tatsoi (Brassica rapa var. rosularis) were grown using peat substrate in controlled-environment chambers until harvest time (10 days, 21/17°C, 16 h). A system of five lighting modules with 455, 638, 665 and 731 nm LEDs at a total photosynthetic photon flux densities (PPFD) of 545, 440, 330, 220 and 110 µmol m−2s−1 respectively were used. Insufficient levels of photosynthetically active photon flux (110 µmol m−2 s−1) suppressed normal growth and diminished the nutritional value of the Brassica microgreens studied. In general, the most suitable conditions for growth and nutritional quality of the microgreens was 330–440 µmol m−2 s−1 irradiation, which resulted in a larger leaf surface area, lower content of nitrates and higher total anthocyanins, total phenols and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free-radical scavenging capacity. High light levels (545 µmol m−2 s−1), which was expected to induce mild photostress, had no significant positive impact for most of investigated parameters.
Microwave hydrothermal synthesis, characterisation, and catalytic performance of Zn1−x MnxO in cellulose conversion
Authors: Bernardi Maria , Araújo Vinícius , Ribeiro Caue , Avansi Waldir , Longo Elson , Albuquerque Nilson , Meneghetti Simoni , Almeida Rusiene , Fajardo Humberto
Published: September 2013

Wurtzite-type Zn1−x MnxO (x = 0, 0.03, 0.05, 0.07) nanostructures were successfully synthesised using a simple microwave-assisted hydrothermal route and their catalytic properties were investigated in the cellulose conversion. The morphology of the nanocatalysts is dopant-dependent. Pure ZnO presented multi-plate morphology with a flower-like shape of nanometric sizes, while the Zn0.97Mn0.03O sample is formed by nanoplates with the presence of spherical nanoparticles; the Zn0.95Mn0.05O and Zn0.93Mn0.07O samples are mainly formed by nanorods with the presence of a small quantity of spherical nanoparticles. The catalyst without Mn did not show any catalytic activity in the cellulose conversion. The Mn doping promoted an increase in the density of weak acid sites which, according to the catalytic results, favoured promotion of the reaction.
Rethinking stereotype reliance: Understanding the connection between female candidates and gender stereotypes
Authors: Bauer Nichole M.
Published: September 2013

Increasing numbers of female candidates are running for Congress in American national elections. Despite the rise in female candidates running for office, women are not significantly increasing their presence in the House and Senate. A much hypothesized influence over the electoral fates of female candidates is the role of gender stereotypes. However, political science scholars have struggled to pinpoint the effect of stereotypes on vote choice, if there is any effect. This essay compares the way social psychology and political science scholars theoretically, conceptually and empirically test for gender stereotype influence over evaluations of female candidates and politicians. Differences emerge in the theoretical assumptions made in the two disciplines, the types of measures used in research, and the empirical tests conducted to demonstrate the presence or absence of stereotypes in evaluations of women. The discussion explores how scholars studying female candidates and politicians can integrate insights from social psychology to clarify the role of stereotypes in candidate evaluation and choice.
The Consuming Instinct: What Darwinian consumption reveals about human nature
Authors: Saad Gad
Published: September 2013

Editor's Note. In this engaging talk given last February on a particularly cold and blustery day at Texas Tech University, Professor Gad Saad of Concordia University discusses his work in the area of evolutionary consumption. In making the case for understanding consumerism from a Darwinian perspective, Saad addresses several key tenets from his booksThe Consuming InstinctandThe Evolutionary Bases of Consumption. In particular, Saad argues that: (1) many consumption acts can be mapped onto four key Darwinian modules (survival, mating, kin selection, and reciprocal altruism); and, (2) cultural products such as song lyrics and movie plotlines are fossils of the human mind that highlight a shared, biologically based human nature. In this wide-ranging inquiry, Saad summarizes several of his other empirical works, including the effects of conspicuous consumption on men's testosterone levels and how the ovulatory cycle in the human female influences consumption. Overall, Professor Saad contends that an infusion of evolutionary and biologically based perspectives into the discipline of consumer behavior and related government regulatory policies yields myriad benefits, notably greater consilience, more effective practices, an ethos of interdisciplinarity, and methodological pluralism.
Listening to the Speaking Wound
Authors: Dutro Elizabeth , Bien Andrea C.
Published: September 2013

This article discusses theoretical lenses drawn from scholars in the interdisciplinary field of trauma studies to consider students’ positioning in relation to emotional-cognitive, private-public dichotomies that permeate normative notions of what can and should count as successful engagement with school. Specifically, we explicate Caruth’s metaphor of the speaking wound, in conversation with other trauma studies scholarship, to consider the representations of lived experiences carried into classrooms and the consequences of interpreting and representing students’ lives. To provide context for our conceptual argument, we discuss qualitative data of two students’ experiences across a school year. We argue that trauma theory illuminates two overlapping, yet distinguishable, ways trauma can be productively conceptualized in schools and marshaled as a context for analyzing structural inequities: first, to consider the trauma individuals carry into classrooms as a potential source for deepening students’ connections to school; second, to recognize how some students’ positioning within the institution of public schooling in the United States constitutes a trauma that must be heard and proactively addressed. In both conceptualizations, we argue for inserting trauma theory into conversations about the moral and pedagogical imperative to work toward increased equity in schools and classrooms.
Microencapsulation for controlled drug delivery: a comprehensive review
Authors: Gupta AK , Dey BK
Published: September 2013

Microencapsulation is described as a process of enclosing micron sized particles of solids or droplets of liquids or gasses in an inert shell, which in turn isolates and protects them from the external environment as well as control the drug release profile. Microencapsulated particle is having diameter between 3 [-] 800µm which differ them from other technologies such as nanotechnology and macroparticle in their morphology and internal structure. This review paper will address the background of microencapsulation technology, commonly used microencapsulation methods with its advantages and disadvantages and its applications in pharmaceutical field. This article also gives an overview on the general aspects and recent advances in drug-loaded microparticles to improve the efficiency of various medical treatments. The review paper will also address about the other factors affecting microencapsulation and its limitation. The article will also discuss about various findings described in the published scientific journals and patent literatures. Based on the existing results and authors’ reflection, this review gives rise to reasoning and suggested choices of process parameters and microencapsulation procedure.  DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/stcj.v1i1.8660  Sunsari Technical College Journal Vol.1(1) 2012 48-54
A case of sporotrichosis in patient visiting microbiology laboratory in BPKIHS
Authors: Gyawali N , Amatya R , Shrestha S , Kumar A , Agrawal S , Khanal B
Published: September 2013

Sporothrix schenckii is a fungus known to cause infection of skin in the subcutaneous tissues. It is a dimorphic fungus found as hyphae with conidia (2 to 3ìm in diameter) at 25°C, and in cigar-shaped yeast form (4 to 6ìm in diameter) in animal tissues at 37°C. It is ubiquitous in nature and often found in rotting wood, dead plant materials, surface water, and occasionally, swimming pools. Human and animals almost always become infected through a cutaneous lesion. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/stcj.v1i1.8661 Sunsari Technical College Journal Vol.1(1) 2012 55-56
A young female case of acromegaly presenting with diabetic ketoacidosis
Authors: Maskey R , Shakya DR , Peeyush D , Lavaju P , Karki P
Published: September 2013

Diabetes mellitus is reported to be common in cases with acromegaly. However, diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is rarely reported in this disease. Here is a 17 year old female case with acromegaly who presented to our hospital with the first presentation was DKA. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/stcj.v1i1.8662 Sunsari Technical College Journal Vol.1(1) 2012 57-60
Silencing of Mg-pat-10 and Mg-unc-87 in the Plant Parasitic Nematode Meloidogyne graminicola Using siRNAs
Authors: Nsengimana Joseph , Bauters Lander , Haegeman Annelies , Gheysen Godelieve
Published: September 2013

Until recently, the standard method for RNA interference (RNAi)-based reverse genetics in plant parasitic nematodes (PPNs) was based on the use of long double-stranded RNA (dsRNA). This increased the chance of off-target gene silencing through interactions between different short interfering RNAs (siRNAs) and non-cognate mRNA targets. In this work, we applied gene-specific knockdown of Mg-pat-10 and Mg-unc-87 of the root knot nematode Meloidogyne graminicola, using discrete 21 bp siRNAs. The homologue of Mg-pat-10 in C. elegans encodes body wall troponin C, which is essential for muscle contraction, whereas the homologue of Mg-unc-87 encodes two proteins involved in maintenance of the structure of myofilaments in the body wall muscle of C. elegans. The knockdown at the transcript level, as seen by semi-quantitative RT-PCR analysis, indicates that the Mg-pat-10 gene was silenced after soaking the nematodes in a specific siRNA for 48 h. At 72 h post-soaking, the Mg-pat-10 mRNA level was similar to the control, indicating the recovery of expression between 48 h and 72 h post-soaking. For Mg-unc-87 the nematodes started to recover from siRNA silencing 24 h after thorough washing. A migration assay showed that for the nematodes that were soaked in the control (siRNA of β-1,4-endoglucanase), 77% of the nematodes completed migration through the column in a 12 h period. By comparison with the control, nematodes incubated in the siRNA of pat-10 or unc-87 were significantly inhibited in their motility. After 12 h, only 6.3% of the juveniles incubated in the Mg-pat-10 siRNA and 9.3% of those incubated in Mg-unc-87 siRNA had migrated through the column, representing 91.8% and 87.9% inhibition respectively compared to the control. In the present work, we demonstrated that M. graminicola is readily susceptible to siRNAs of two genes involved in nematode motility. This is an important contribution to the progressive use of siRNA for functional analysis. Moreover, the application of RNAi in PPNs opens the way for environmentally friendly control of M. graminicola.
Correction: Jacobo-Velázquez, D.A and Cisneros-Zevallos, L. An Alternative Use of Horticultural Crops: Stressed Plants as Biofactories of Bioactive Phenolic Compounds. Agriculture 2012, 2, 259-271
Authors: Jacobo-Velázquez Daniel , Cisneros-Zevallos Luis
Published: September 2013

The authors are sorry to report that some data in the text (Section 2, Section 2.1.1. and Section 2.1.2) and Table 1 were incorrect in reference [1], doi: 10.3390/agriculture2030259, website: http://www.mdpi.com/2077-0472/2/3/259. Our mistake was basically in the calculations of changes observed in the reported values in those references; unfortunately we did not detect the errors at the time of publication. However, since we saw them afterwards, we believed it was pertinent to make the corrections. The authors would, therefore, like to make the following corrections to the paper: [...]
Phenolic Compounds in Apple (Malus x domestica Borkh.): Compounds Characterization and Stability during Postharvest and after Processing
Authors: Francini Alessandra , Sebastiani Luca
Published: September 2013

This paper summarizes the information on the occurrence of phenolic compounds in apple (Malus x domestica Borkh.) fruit and juice, with special reference to their health related properties. As phytochemical molecules belonging to polyphenols are numerous, we will focus on the main apples phenolic compounds with special reference to changes induced by apple cultivar, breeding approaches, fruit postharvest and transformation into juice.
Advances in Lipid Nanoparticles for siRNA Delivery
Authors: Tam Yuen , Chen Sam , Cullis Pieter
Published: September 2013

Technological advances in both siRNA (small interfering RNA) and whole genome sequencing have demonstrated great potential in translating genetic information into siRNA-based drugs to halt the synthesis of most disease-causing proteins. Despite its powerful promises as a drug, siRNA requires a sophisticated delivery vehicle because of its rapid degradation in the circulation, inefficient accumulation in target tissues and inability to cross cell membranes to access the cytoplasm where it functions. Lipid nanoparticle (LNP) containing ionizable amino lipids is the leading delivery technology for siRNA, with five products in clinical trials and more in the pipeline. Here, we focus on the technological advances behind these potent systems for siRNA-mediated gene silencing.
Synthesis of Transportation Applications of Mobile LIDAR
Authors: Williams Keith , Olsen Michael , Roe Gene , Glennie Craig
Published: September 2013

A thorough review of available literature was conducted to inform of advancements in mobile LIDAR technology, techniques, and current and emerging applications in transportation. The literature review touches briefly on the basics of LIDAR technology followed by a more in depth description of current mobile LIDAR trends, including system components and software. An overview of existing quality control procedures used to verify the accuracy of the collected data is presented. A collection of case studies provides a clear description of the advantages of mobile LIDAR, including an increase in safety and efficiency. The final sections of the review identify current challenges the industry is facing, the guidelines that currently exist, and what else is needed to streamline the adoption of mobile LIDAR by transportation agencies. Unfortunately, many of these guidelines do not cover the specific challenges and concerns of mobile LIDAR use as many have been developed for airborne LIDAR acquisition and processing. From this review, there is a lot of discussion on “what” is being done in practice, but not a lot on “how” and “how well” it is being done. A willingness to share information going forward will be important for the successful use of mobile LIDAR.
Les fonctions du journal intime. A propos du journal de Lucio Cardoso
Authors: Besancon Guy
Published: September 2013

Le journal intime est vu ici comme une voie d'accès à l'inconscient, sans préjudice de son éventuelle fonction thérapeutique. Souci de confession, besoin de justification s'entremêlent dans le récit autobiographique. Le journal de Lucio Cardoso diffère sensiblement des modèles célèbres : c'est une quête du noyau psychotique le plus archaïque. En ce sens il est plus authentique et nous montre qu'un des moteurs de ce type de récit peut être, au-delà du narcissisme, la lutte contre la dépression.
Los gobiernos radicales en Chile frente al desarrollo (1938-1952)
Authors: Del Pozo José
Published: September 2013

Análisis de la acción llevada por los gobiernos radicales de Chile para 1938-1952 e investigación acerca de un posible discurso ideológico del radicalismo chileno de la época, muy vinculado con el desarrollo del país. Definición de los objetivos del desarrollo, intervención del Estado en lo económico, educación, búsqueda de aliados e identificación de los adversarios, son las partes del programa expuesto. Creación de una tradición que hace del Estado un intervencionista económico importante.
Aspects épirotes de la vie religieuse antique
Authors: Quantin François
Published: September 2013

L'Epire, souvent considérée par les auteurs anciens comme une contrée exotique, voire barbare, possède pourtant Tun des sanctuaires fondamentaux de la religion grecque, Dodone. De même que le hiéron de Zeus Naios est avant tout un sanctuaire épirote, les cultes régionaux, que l'on connaît bien à l'époque hellénistique, ne sont réductibles ni à un modèle dodonéen, ni à l'influence des panthéons des colonies littorales. L'attachement épirote à la culture grecque est ancien ; l'étude de quelques aspects de la vie religieuse montre qu'il est aussi singulier, et que ses singularités sont intimement liées aux particularités sociales et politiques de l'Epire. Ces traits illustrent de plus larges spécificités, car ils intéressent aussi notre connaissance de la religion grecque et du sentiment religieux des populations montagnardes dans l'Antiquité.
Une légende sur l'origine des Scythes (HDT. IV 5-7) et le problème des sources du Scythicos logos d'Hérodote.
Authors: Ivantchik Askold I.
Published: September 2013

L'article est consacré à l'étude de la légende sur l'origine des Scythes rapportée par Hérodote (IV, 5-7). La première partie contient l'analyse linguistique des neuf noms mentionnés dans la légende (Ταργίταος, Κολάξαϊς, Λιπόξαϊς, Αρπόξαϊς, Παραλάται, Αὐχάται, Κατίαροι, Τράσ- πιες, Σκολότοι)· Tous ces noms ont des étymologies scythes et sont transmis par Hérodote d'une façon très exacte. Leur analyse permet également d'établir des traits caractéristiques du dialecte duquel ils proviennent : il appartient au groupe nord-oriental des langues iraniennes, mais possède certains traits qui le rapprochent aux langues sud-orientales. Les noms des personnages de la légende permettent d'élucider son sens qui reste obscur, si l'on ne les comprend pas. Il s'agit de la légende de l'origine de l'humanité, de la structure sociale et de la royauté. La légende hérodotéenne dans son ensemble, ainsi que tous ses détails, trouvent des parallèles très proches dans plusieurs traditions iraniennes. La deuxième partie est consacrée à l'analyse de ces parallèles. Le récit d'Hérodote reflète l'idéologie des peuples iraniens et peut être considérée comme une transmission très fidèle d'une variante de la légende iranienne de l'origine du monde et de la structure de la société. Hérodote utilisait donc des sources scythes authentiques et ses références à ces sources ne sont pas fictives comme c'était souvent supposé. L'information d'Hérodote remonte sans doute à un Scythe hellénisé qu'il a rencontré dans une des villes du littoral nord de la mer Noire. L'existence de ce groupe de population dans les colonies pontiques est prouvée par des nombreuses données.
Les succès de la diplomatie athénienne de 229 à 168 av. J.-C.
Authors: Perrin-Saminadayar Éric
Published: September 2013

Athènes a profité de sa libération de la tutelle macédonienne en 229 pour reprendre une place enviable sur la scène internationale, dans le contexte, nouveau, de l'intervention romaine en Orient : sa nouvelle politique extérieure, dans laquelle s'impliquèrent les plus illustres familles de notables, l'amène à se garder de participer aux conflits militaires pour se consacrer à une intense activité diplomatique. Usant de ses bonnes relations avec ses voisins, avec les souverains hellénistiques, ainsi qu'avec Rome, elle a réussi à s'imposer comme un intermédiaire indispensable dans le cadre des négociations qui accompagnent ou suivent les guerres. Cette attitude tant décriée par Polybe témoigne de la clairvoyance des dirigeants athéniens, soucieux d'assurer la prospérité et le rayonnement de leur cité en tenant compte des changements intervenus dans les relations internationales et des moyens réels dont ils disposaient.
Coupling models by routing communication through a database
Authors: Solano Eric , Morris Robert , Bobashev Georgiy
Published: September 2013

As the number of available large and many-faceted computer models continues to increase, simulating complex systems by coupling existing models of smaller subsystems becomes more attractive because of advantages such as leveraging existing programming. Advances in computational technologies also contribute to the increased feasibility of coupled systems. Although coupled systems may be used to study new problems that their constituent models could not address, the coupling process brings its own challenges. The modeler may face the task of coupling models from a heterogeneous environment of development platforms, programming languages, and model assumptions. Moreover, the modeler may wish to allow constituent models to be replaced or upgraded without significant difficulty. We discuss a model coupling approach that attempts to address these issues. In our approach, the models run as separate executable processes and store data in a database for later retrieval by other models. While the approach does not prescribe any particular database design, we do suggest elements that are likely to appear. We describe a proof-of-concept application of the approach and evaluate how well our approach meets its goals.
Parallel Data Reduction Techniques for Big Datasets
Authors: Yıldırım Ahmet Artu , Özdoğan Cem , Watson Dan
Published: September 2013

Data reduction is perhaps the most critical component in retrieving information from big data (i.e., petascale-sized data) in many data-mining processes. The central issue of these data reduction techniques is to save time and bandwidth in enabling the user to deal with larger datasets even in minimal resource environments, such as in desktop or small cluster systems. In this chapter, the authors examine the motivations behind why these reduction techniques are important in the analysis of big datasets. Then they present several basic reduction techniques in detail, stressing the advantages and disadvantages of each. The authors also consider signal processing techniques for mining big data by the use of discrete wavelet transformation and server-side data reduction techniques. Lastly, they include a general discussion on parallel algorithms for data reduction, with special emphasis given to parallel wavelet-based multi-resolution data reduction techniques on distributed memory systems using MPI and shared memory architectures on GPUs along with a demonstration of the improvement of performance and scalability for one case study.