bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The sonographer’s and pathologist’s perspective of echogenic microfoci in papillary thyroid carcinoma
Authors: Bahçecioğlu Adile Begüm , Gürsoy Alptekin , Dizbay Sak Serpil , Ilgan Seyfettin , Bilezikçi Banu , Erdoğan Murat Faik
Published: November 2023

Objective

Punctate echogenic foci (PEF)/microcalcifications are thought to represent psammoma bodies (PB) in histopathology. However, there are few and contradictory data on this. Different types of sonographic echogenic microfoci (EMF) are seen in papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC), and their histopathological equivalents are not clearly known. There is also conflicting data on the interobserver agreement between the sonographers on EMF.

Methods

We prospectively collected US video records of PTC nodules with and without EMF in two large thyroid centers. All video recordings were independently interpreted by three blinded, experienced sonographers. EMF were classified as true microcalcifications (punctate echogenic foci (PEF) ≤1 mm long), linear microechogenities (>1 mm long, posterior acoustic enhancement of the back wall of a microcystic area), comet-tail artifacts/reverberations or linear microechogenities with comet-tail artifacts/reverberations, non-shadowing coarse echogenic foci (>1 mm nonlinear areas) and unclassifiable. Histopathological evaluation was performed by two blinded, qualified pathologists.

Results

A total of 114 malignant nodules were included. The average Cohen’s kappa (κ) of three sonographers for the EMF presence was 0.775, indicating substantial agreement. A substantial agreement for PEF with 0.658 κ, only fair agreement for other types of EMF with 0.052 to 0.296 κ were detected. EMF were significantly associated with PB and papillae. PEF had an evident relationship with PB in multivariate analysis. There was a strong positive correlation between the amount of PEF and PB (r = 0.634, P < 0.001).

Conclusions

PEF in PTC mainly correspond to PB on histopathology. Although observation of EMF varies among sonographers, this inconsistency can be reduced by classifying EMF into subgroups and keeping the term ‘PEF’ only for true microcalcifications.
Effects of iodine status on thyroid volume and goiter in children living in an iodine-replete area
Authors: Lee Yun Jeong , Choi Young Hun , Lim Youn-Hee , Kim Bung-Nyun , Kim Johanna Inhyang , Hong Yun-Chul , Park Young Joo , Shin Choong Ho , Cho Sun Wook , Lee Young Ah
Published: November 2023

Objective

Adequate iodine intake is essential for growing children, and thyroid volume (Tvol) is considered as an indicator of iodine status. We investigated Tvol and goiter using ultrasonography (US) and their association with iodine status in 228 6-year-old children living in Korea.

Methods

Iodine status was assessed using urine iodine concentration (UIC) and categorized as deficient (<100 μg/L), adequate (100–299 μg/L), mild excess (300–499 μg/L), moderate excess (500–999 μg/L), and severe excess (≥1000 μg/L). Tvol was measured using US, and a goiter on the US (goiter-US) was defined as Tvol greater than 97th percentile value by age- and body surface area (BSA)-specific international references.

Results

The median Tvol was 2.4 mL, larger than the international reference value (1.6 mL). The age- and BSA-specific goiter-US rates were 25.9% (n = 59) and 34.6% (n = 79), respectively. The prevalence of excess iodine was 73.7% (n = 168). As iodine status increased from adequate to severe excess, the goiter-US rate significantly increased (P for trend <0.05). The moderate and severe iodine excess groups showed higher risk of goiter-US (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 3.1 (95% CI: 1.1–9.2) and aOR = 3.1 (95% CI: 1.2–8.3), respectively; age-specific criteria) than the iodine-adequate group.

Conclusions

Excess iodine was prevalent in Korean children, and their Tvol was higher than the international reference values. Goiter rate was associated with iodine excess, which significantly increased in the moderate and severe iodine excess groups. Further studies are warranted to define optimal iodine intake in children.
16 250 años: murales de pinturas rupestres en el parque nacional natural Serranía de Chiribiquete
Authors: Trujillo Montaña Carlos Eduardo
Published: November 2023

El Parque Nacional Natural Serranía de Chiribiquete (PNN Serranía de Chiribiquete), lugar de arte rupestre ubicado en la Serranía de La Lindosa (Nueva Tolima, Cerro Azul y el Raudal del Guayabero) en el departamento del Guaviare, Colombia, fue reconocido como patrimonio mixto de la humanidad por parte de la Organización de las Naciones Unidas para la Educación, la Ciencia y la Cultura (Unesco) en el Gobierno del expresidente Juan Manuel Santos, y es una zona que ha sido afectada directamente por el conflicto armado; en su momento, por el grupo guerrillero de las Fuerzas Armadas Revolucionarias de Colombia- Ejército del Pueblo (FARC-EP) y en la actualidad por disidencias residuales del mismo grupo. 

El PNN Serranía de Chiribiquete es un lugar sagrado considerado cuna de la humanidad, donde los derechos humanos y el arte van de la mano, que requiere de protección especial debido a la vulnerabilidad a la que se encuentra expuesto por los grupos al margen de la ley, la tala indiscriminada de selva, y el turismo ilegal y sin conciencia de protección. Estas situaciones surgen debido a la necesidad de supervivencia de los colonos del lugar, ya que su principal y única fuente de ingreso en años anteriores dependía de los cultivos ilícitos y el narcotráfico, ignorando que estos son territorios sagrados en los que se encuentran comunidades indígenas que no desean ser contactadas por el resto de la humanidad.
Calidad y Evaluación en los Centros Educativos No Universitarios en Andalucía. Una Adaptación Al Modelo EFQM
Authors: Ramírez Antonia , Lorenzo Esther
Published: November 2023

La calidad educativa es una meta que ha de alcanzarse en los próximos años en los centros educativos andaluces, pero llegar hasta ella es un camino laborioso. A lo largo de este trabajo analizaremos la relación que se establece entre la calidad educativa, la autonomía de los centros y la evaluación de los mismos; asimismo, realizaremos un recorrido por los distintos planes y proyectos que se han generado en la Comunidad Autónoma de Andalucía en torno a la calidad y la evaluación de los centros educativos no universitarios a lo largo de estos últimos años. Finalmente, nos referiremos al Modelo de Excelencia EFQM, elegido por la Consejería de Educación de la Junta de Andalucía como base de la evaluación de los diferentes centros educativos de la Comunidad.Palabras clave: Calidad educativa, evaluación de centros, EFQM, autonomía de los centros, planes y proyecto. The educational quality is a goal that has to be reached in the next years in the educational centers Andalusian, but to obtain it is a laborious way. Along this work we will analyze the relation that is established between the educational quality, the autonomy of the centers and the evaluation of the same ones; also, we will see the different plans and projects that have been generated in Andalusia concerning the quality and the evaluation of the educational not university centers throughout the latter years. Finally, we will refer to the Model of Excellency EFQM, chosen by the Commission of Education of Andalusia as base of the evaluation of the different educational centers of the Community.keywords: Educational quality, evaluation of centres, EFQM, autonomy of the centers, plans and projects.
Consideraciones Metodológicas y Conceptuales para el Análisis de Predicción del Desempeño Escolar en Base a Indicadores del Contexto Hogareño y Escolar
Authors: Segretin María Soledad , Lipina Sebastián J. , Petetta Daniel Roberto
Published: November 2023

El presente trabajo propone caracterizar el desempeño escolar de poblaciones de alumnos de nivel primario y secundario por medio del análisis de determinantes sociales y el contexto escolar; e  identificar predictores de tal desempeño que contribuyan al diseño de estrategias de intervención. Para realizar los análisis de regresión (identificación de predictores contextuales del desempeño), se diseñaron dos índices de riesgo a partir de variables individuales obtenidas de censos educativos nacionales (Argentina). La selección de variables se efectuó en base a la perspectiva de las necesidades de desarrollo infantil. Los modelos de regresión implementados permitieron identificar perfiles de predicción caracterizados por el aumento del desempeño en matemática y lengua en la medida en que las condiciones de vida y del contexto escolar contempladas mejoraban. La metodología de análisis aplicada permitió identificar la existencia de una situación de inequidad educativa, en la que las áreas identificadas para potenciales intervenciones sugieren contemplar: (a) universalización de acciones protectoras del desarrollo infantil; (b) mejora de la disponibilidad y la calidad de los recursos y prácticas educativas en diferentes contextos (hogar, escuela); (c) capacitación de maestros; y (d) mejora de los sistemas de comunicación entre los distintos actores de las comunidades educativas.Palabras clave: Desempeño escolar, determinantes sociales, inequidad educativa, vulnerabilidad social, factores de riesgo. The aim of the present work is to characterize primary and secondary students' school achievement (language/arithmetic) based on the analysis of social determinants and school environment; and to identify risk factors of performance among social determinants to contribute to the efforts of designining intervention strategies. To carry out the regression analyses for the identification of contextual predictors of school achievement, two risk indexes were designed based on individual variables from national educational data (Argentina). Selection of variables was made based on the perspective of child development needs. The implemented regression models allowed identifying prediction profiles characterized by increasing school achievement as social determinants and school context improved. The applied methodology of analyses allowed identifying the existence of a circumstance of educational inequity, which suggests the need to: (a) universalize protective actions toward child development; (b) improve material and human resources related to educational practices in different contexts (home, school); (c) teachers training; and (d) improve communication systems among the different actors of educational communities.Keywords: School achievement, social determinants, educational inequity, social vulnerability, risk factors.
La Evaluación de la Docencia: Plataformas, Nuevas Agendas y Caminos Alternativos
Authors: Litwin Edith
Published: November 2023

El presente trabajo refiere a experiencias y prácticas desarrolladas en el ámbito de la Universidad de Buenos Aires en torno a tres miradas diferentes. En primer lugar, se describen las prácticas habituales de la evaluación de la docencia que se desarrollan en el seno de la universidad como los concursos, los informes anuales de evaluación, las evaluaciones para subsidios de investigación e incentivos, las evaluaciones de los estudiantes, los procesos de autoevaluación institucional, y los talleres o reuniones de reflexión sobre las buenas prácticas. En segundo término, se incorporan relatos de las investigaciones que, respecto de esta problemática, se llevaron a cabo en diferentes momentos de trabajo y cuyos resultados fueron registrados; de esta forma, se plasman cuatro relatos utilizados para analizar el oficio docente, sus creencias, supuestos y requerimientos desde la perspectiva de la autoevaluación. En tercer término, se plantean algunas categorías de análisis que fueron recogidas en investigaciones recientes en torno a las buenas prácticas de enseñanza en el nivel superior, que podrían instalar políticas para el mejoramiento de la docencia en el mismo, siendo éste el objetivo último de cualquier propuesta de evaluación. A modo de conclusión, pero dejando abierto el debate, se plantean diferentes propuestas para construir una nueva agenda para la evaluación.Palabras clave: Buenas prácticas, nueva agenda, autoevaluación, investigación, mejoramiento de la docencia. The present work refers to experiences and practices developed in the scope of the University of Buenos Aires around three different glances. First, it describes the habitual practices of the evaluation of teaching that are developed in the university like the contests, annual informative reports on evaluation, the evaluations for investigation subsidies and incentives, the students’ evaluations, the processes of institutional self-evaluation, and the reflection seminars or meetings on the good practices. In second term, it incorporates reports of the research that, with respect to this matter, were carried out at different working moments and whose results were registered; thus, four reports are used to analyze the teaching trade, their beliefs, assumptions and requirements from the perspective of the self-evaluation. In third term, it suggests some categories of analysis that were gathered in recent investigations around the good practices of education in the superior level, which could install policies for the improvement of teaching in the mentioned, having been this the last objective of any evaluation proposal. As a conclusion, but leaving open the debate, different proposals are considered to construct a new agenda for the evaluation.Keywords: Good practices, new agenda, auto-evaluation, research, teaching improvement.
La Evaluación de la Docencia en las Universidades Públicas Mexicanas: u
Authors: Rueda Beltrán Mario , Luna Serrano Edna , García Cabrero Benilde , Loredo Enríquez Javier
Published: November 2023

El propósito de este trabajo es presentar los resultados de un diagnóstico que identifica los aspectos particulares de la evaluación de la docencia en las universidades públicas de México. Los informantes clave fueron los responsables institucionales de operar los programas de evaluación docente de dichas instituciones. Se utilizaron principalmente tres fuentes de acopio de información: un cuestionario en línea, un ensayo y un seminario-taller. La integración de la información permitió detectar los orígenes de la evaluación docente, las características principales de los procesos y su administración, el uso de los resultados y el impacto de las políticas sobre esta actividad.  Asimismo se identifican algunas acciones que pueden otorgarle mayor sentido a la evaluación del desempeño docente para cada uno de los participantes, directivos, profesores y estudiantes; además de los aspectos locales a considerar en el diseño de este tipo de programas en el futuro.Palabras clave: Evaluación docente, desempeño docente, educación superior, docencia universitaria, calidad educativa. The purpose of this work is to present the results of a diagnosis that identifies the particular aspects of the evaluation of teaching in the public universities of Mexico. The key informants were the people in charge of operating the institutional teaching evaluation programs of the mentioned institutions. Three main sources of information were used: a questionnaire in line, an essay and a seminary-workshop. The integration of the information allowed the detection of the origins of the teaching evaluation, the basic characteristics of the processes and their administration, the use of the results and the impact of the policies on this activity. Additionally some actions are identified which can grant greater sense to the evaluation of the teaching performance for each one of the participants, managers, professors and students; besides the local aspects to consider in the design of this type of programs in the future.Keywords: Teachers’ evaluation, teachers’ performance, higher education, teaching for the University, quality of education.
Equiparación, Alineamiento y Predicción de Puntuaciones en Medición Educativa
Authors: Gempp René
Published: November 2023

Para dos pruebas, un enlace entresus puntuaciones es una transformación del resultado de una a la puntuación de la otra. Los métodos de enlace de puntuaciones pueden dividirse en tres categorías básicas, llamadas predicción, alineamiento y equiparación de puntuaciones, y en varias subcategorías. Los especialistas en medición educativa y los investigadores que utilizan pruebas estandarizadas necesitan comprender las diferencias entre estos métodos y las circunstancias en que uno es más relevante que otro. Además, si es necesario, deben estar capacitados para explicar en forma sencilla estas diferencias a los usuarios de las pruebas. En este artículo, usamos el marco conceptual desarrollado por Holland y Dorans (2006) para hacer una breve revisión de estos métodos y sugerir algunas aplicaciones prácticas de los mismos.Palabras clave: Enlace de puntuaciones, equiparación, alineamiento de puntuaciones, predicción, comparabilidad. For two tests, a link between their scores is a transformation from a score on one to a score on the other. Linking methods can then be divided into three basic categories, called prediction, scale aligning and equating, and several subcategories. Testing professionals and researchers need to understand the differences among these methods and the circumstances when one method is more relevant than another. Also, if required, their need to be able to put in plain words these distinctions to test users. In this paper we use the framework developed by Holland and Dorans (2006) to give a brief account of these methods and suggest some practical applications of them.keywords: Linking, equating, scale aligning, prediction, comparability.
Pasado, Presente y Futuro. Procesos y Procedimientos en la Evaluación de los Directores y Directoras de los Centros Escolares de Andalucía
Authors: Lorenzo Esther , Ramírez Antonia
Published: November 2023

A los centros escolares se les pide mejores resultados, mayor eficacia, más calidad en la educación que reciben sus alumnos y alumnas. La responsabilidad de responder a estas demandas recae en la figura del director del centro, por lo que sus funciones se hacen cada vez más complejas. Al tiempo que las exigencias y la autonomía se incrementan, también la necesidad de rendir cuentas y en estos procesos evaluativos el director o directora también ocupa una posición central. En estas páginas realizaremos un recorrido histórico respecto a las funciones del director, analizaremos los procesos y procedimientos de evaluación en que se ven envueltos los directores y directoras de la Comunidad Autónoma de Andalucía y plantearemos la evaluación del criterio liderazgo (Modelo EFQM) que comenzará a aplicar en un futuro inmediato en nuestros centros educativos.Palabras clave: Evaluación, directores, calidad. From the schools  it is demanded better results, major efficacy, more quality in the education that his students receive. The responsibility of answering to these demands relapses into the figure of the director of the center, from what his functions become more and more complex. In the measurement that the requirements and the autonomy increase, also the processes of evaluation, in which the director also occupies a central position. On these pages we will realize a historical trip with regard to the functions of the director, we will analyze the processes and procedures of evaluation in which there take part the directors of the autonomous region of Andalusia and we will raise the evaluation of the criterion leadership (Model EFQM) who will begin to apply in an immediate future in our schools.Keywords: Evaluation, directors, quality.
Vouchers Escolares y Justicia Social: Evidencia de Washington, DC
Authors: Wolf Patrick J. , Boccardo Jessica
Published: November 2023

El Programa de Becas de Oportunidad  del Distrito de Columbia (OSP) es una iniciativa de vales o vouchers escolares dirigidos a los estudiantes más necesitados en la capital de EEUU. Los vouchers, con un valor de hasta $ 7,500 al año, son otorgados por medio de una lotería a los estudiantes con ingresos familiares cerca o por debajo del umbral de pobreza federal. Los estudiantes pueden usar sus vouchers en cualquiera de las 60 escuelas privadas participantes en  DC. La pregunta que surge es: ¿Es este programa justo? Desde la perspectiva del liberalismo rawlsiano, un programa de educación es justo si logra ampliar, de forma equitativa, las oportunidades para todos o por lo menos mejorar las perspectivas para los grupos afectados  "menos favorecidos”. Dado que el OSP es un programa dirigido a grupo específico y no disponible universalmente para todos los estudiantes, para ser considerado justo, debe cumplir la segunda condición de Rawls, llamada "el principio de la diferencia". La evidencia de una rigurosa evaluación experimental del programa sugiere que el programa de vouchers de DC promueve la causa de justicia social pero contiene ciertas limitaciones.Palabras clave: Vouchers, justicia social, diseño experimental. The District of Columbia Opportunity Scholarship Program provides scholarships or vouchers to the neediest students in the U.S. capital. The vouchers, worth up to U.S. $ 7,500 per year, are granted through a lottery to students with family incomes, near or below the federal poverty line. Students can use their vouchers to attend any of 60 participating private schools in DC. The question that emerges is: Is this program fair? From the perspective of Rawlsian liberalism, an education program is fair if it can enlarge an equitable manner, the opportunities for all or at least improved prospects for affected groups, "disadvantaged". Because OSP is a program for a particular group of students and not universally available for all students, in order to be considered fair, it must comply with the second condition in Rawls called "the difference principle".  The evidence from rigorous experimental evaluation of the program, suggest that the DC Opportunity Scholarship Program promotes the cause from social justice but has some limitations.Keywords: Vouchers, social justice, experimental design.
Construir Procesos de Evaluación de la Calidad Educativa Pertinentes para los Sistemas de Educación Indígena en México: El Caso del Estado de Michoacán
Authors: Martínez Preciado José Francisco
Published: November 2023

El sistema educativo mexicano ha tenido avances en indicadores tales como el acceso a la educación pública, la disminución del analfabetismo, años de escolaridad, tasas de deserción. En un siglo, se pasó de tener al 80% de la población analfabeta a tener al 90% alfabetizada y a universalizar la educación primaria.  Sin embargo, este mismo sistema al responder a las necesidades de la mayoría, bajo un enfoque de justicia utilitario, ha generado una terrible desigualdad en las comunidades originarias de México. Los datos muestran que los centros de educación indígena son los que tienen las condiciones menos favorables, tienen una baja calidad y sus estudiantes aprenden poco. A partir de una idea de justicia social que demanda que las personas posean derechos a la educación y a la participación política con el objetivo de elegir libremente el tipo de vida que considera más valiosa, este artículo propone una metodología para construir mecanismos de evaluación de la calidad que aspiran ser pertinentes a las características de las comunidades originarias de México. El proceso descansa en considerar que el término “calidad educativa” requiere de negociación y razonamiento público para ser útil en el proceso de mejora escolar.Palabras clave: Educación indígena, calidad edcucativa, indicadores, evaluación de centros educativos, justicia social. The Mexican educational system has made progress in several indicators such as: access to public education, dsminution of the illetaracy, increase in the years of schooling, dicrease school dropout rates. In a century, it went from 80% of the illiterate population to have 90% literate population and establishing of universal primary education. However, this same system when responding to needs of the majority, under utilitarian justice approach, has generated great inequality in the native communities in Mexico. The data shows that native educational centers present disadvantageous conditions, that have low quality and their students have low learning leves. From an idea of social justice that demands people to possess rights to education and political participation in order choose freely what type of life  they considered more valuable, this paper proposes a methodology to build mechanisms for quality assessment who aspire to be pertinent to the characteristics of the native communities of Mexico. The process has its based on the view that the term "quality education" requires negotiation and public reasoning to be useful in the process of school improvement.Keywords: Indigenous education, educational quality indicators, evaluation of schools, social justice.
“Neo-catholic” M. E. Zdziechowski and L. N. Tolstoy: a history of their acquaintance and the evolution of M. E. Zdziechowski’s attitude to the “christian anarchism” of L. N. Tolstoy
Authors: Vorontsova Irina
Published: November 2023

Slavist and Polish Slavophil M.E. Zdzekhovsky came to the attention of Russian scientists relatively recently and has not yet taken its due place in domestic research. 2023 marks the 85th anniversary of his death. A Pole by origin, baptized in the Catholic faith, he remained a representative of a single space of the Slavic world and was close to that part of the Polish and Russian intelligentsia, which at the beginning of the 20th century began to be called "religious", since it put the question at the center of its worldview. about the necessity for the social development of states - religious consciousness. At the end of the XIX century. Zdzekhovsky became an admirer of L.N. Tolstoy, and then imbued with his teaching on the moral essence of Christianity. Having taken the post of professor at the University of Krakow and having moved to Austria-Hungary, Zdziechovsky continued his epistolary communication with the Russian intelligentsia and with L.N. Tolstoy, whom he called his teacher. He carried a respectful attitude towards the writer through the years of his passion for modernism (1890-1914) in the Roman Catholic Church, contact with which he found in Tolstoy's moralism. The article, based on letters and books (1890–1914) by Zdziechowski, analyzes the evolution of the attitude of the Polish “neo-Catholic” towards Tolstoy as a thinker. Not accepting Tolstoy's "Christian anarchism", Zdziechowski did not condemn his apostasy from the Church, putting the moral aspect of his search, based on epistemological pessimism, at the center of his understanding of Tolstoy's phenomenon. The author concludes that M.E. Zdziechowski's work of the writer and the moral apology of Christianity in modernism, played a leading role in Zdziechowski's attitude towards Tolstoy.
“Whilst travelling on foot across the depths of the sea as if upon dry land, Israel”: Sunday heirmoi of the 6th tone in manuscripts of the 17th — 18th centuries and the present-day singing practice
Authors: Potemkina Nora
Published: November 2023

This article is dedicated to the history of the written form of the well-known church tune – the heirmoi of the Sunday canon of the 6th tone, from the manuscripts of XVII-XVIII centuries until present-day publications of the tune. While comparing different sources of this tune, differences in its variants were discovered, it was shown how the tune changed over time, as it was in different regions in the same time period – i.e., synchronic and diachronic methods of research were used in the study. For clarity, an analytical score of the heirmos of the first song of the canon was compiled, in which the similarities and differences of the tunes are visible, the tendency to reduce the melody of the tune over time. It is noteworthy that the chant has retained some similarity of variants in sources of different types: these are handwritten singing Obikhods, written in znamenny notation, and notolinear Irmologions that came from the Ukrainian and Belarusian lands; Synodal publications of Obikhod and the Octoechos of two editions: 1772 and 1890s, four-part singing editions of the early twentieth century and the present-day sources. In the reduced version of the melody of the znamenny chant, several melodic formulas have been preserved, which sound in a polyphonic presentation. The revealed similarity of the components of the chant in the sources of different times and localities allows us to speak about the continuity of the Orthodox liturgical singing tradition.
Numerical Approximations of the Riemann–Liouville and Riesz Fractional Integrals
Authors: Ciesielski Mariusz , Grodzki Grzegorz
Published: November 2023

In this paper, the numerical algorithms for calculating the values of the left- and right-sided Riemann–Liouville fractional integrals and the Riesz fractional integral using spline interpolation techniques are derived. The linear, quadratic and three variants of cubic splines are taken into account. The estimation of errors using analytical methods are derived. We show four examples of numerical evaluation of the mentioned fractional integrals and determine the experimental rate of convergence for each derived algorithm. The high-precision calculations are executed using the 128-bit floating-point numbers and arithmetic routines.
SWEDEN'S AND FINLAND'S ACCESSION TO NATO AS A FACTOR IN CHANGING THE EUROPEAN SECURITY SYSTEM
Authors:   Institute of History of Ukraine, the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 4, Mykhailo Hrushevskyi Street, Kyiv, 01001, Ukraine, Martynov Andriy
Published: November 2023

The article analyzes the prerequisites and consequences of the accession of Sweden and Finland to NATO. Neutrality is avoiding participation in wars and non-participation in military-political blocs in peacetime, as well as not providing national territory for foreign military bases, and refusing to sell weapons to opposing parties. The Russian ultimatum of November 2021 with the demands that NATO renounce the expansion of the alliance testified to the fact of a deep crisis of the European security system. The trend towards the formation of a multipolar system of international relations has changed the logic of the policy of neutrality. Defeat in the Northern War of 1700-1721 prompted Sweden to switch to a policy of active neutrality. In 1935, Finland declared its intention to pursue a neutral policy with priority given to the Scandinavian direction. After Finland's defeat in the Second World War, the so-called “Finlandization” became a feature of Finnish neutrality. “Finlandization” is considered as subordination of the political course of a weaker country to the interests of a more powerful neighboring country with formal preservation of sovereignty. The process of gradual formation of a multipolar world provoked a change in the geopolitical orientations of the states of Northern Europe. There is constant tension in the Arctic. The USA declared a course for a new Atlanticism aimed at continuing the process of expansion and structural and functional strengthening of NATO. The active phase of the Russian war against Ukraine, which began on February 24, 2022, was the decisive reason for the decision to join Sweden and Finland in NATO. The methodological support for the conclusions of the article is based on the theory of political realism and problematic and chronological analysis of the modern history of international relations. The scientific novelty of the article lies in determining the complex of geopolitical, military-strategic, historical preconditions and consequences of Sweden and Finland's accession to NATO.
THE STRATEGY OF THE SECURITY SERVICE OF THE THIRD REICH FOR KEEPING HIGH-RANKING PRISONERS IN THE “ALPINE FORTRESS” AND ITS IMPACT ON POST-WAR INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS
Authors:   National university “Kyiv-Mohyla academy”, 2, Skovorody Street, Kyiv, 04070, Ukraine, Lytvyn Volodymyr
Published: November 2023

The article examines a layer of questions related to the issue of the use by the security service of the Third Reich of the strategy of capturing and keeping high-ranking hostages from occupied countries in special institutions for VIP prisoners, some of which were located on the territory of the “Alpine Fortress”. This topic is a “white spot” on the background of research in the field of world history, because there is a rather limited amount of research carried out by German, American and English historians. Despite their undeniable value for science, these studies were carried out to highlight a clearly defined range of questions, which, however, do not give an idea of ​​the problem as a whole. At the same time, the purpose of this article is to focus on the implementation of a comprehensive approach to the study of this problem and the formation of a global view of the strategy of the Third Reich to keep VIP-prisoners on the territory of the “Alpine Fortress”. The main tasks are the description of the process of creating two separate specialized prisons, the verification of those VIP prisoners who passed through them and the outline of a possible global strategy of the leadership of the Third Reich for keeping high-ranking prisoners. Based on the results of the tasks set, the article reconstructs the ways of implementing the mentioned strategy, identifies its executors from among the servicemen of the SS and SD, and determines its impact on postwar international relations. The article emphasizes that the global strategy of the Reich's leadership is characterized by situationism and ill-consideredness. The Nazis invested great resources in the process of converting castles and hotels into prisons for VIP prisoners and provided them with reliable security. At the same time, it is extremely difficult to determine whether the German leadership had specific plans for what to do with VIP prisoners. However, no matter how paradoxical it may sound, it was the ill-conceivedness of this strategy that made it possible to create the prerequisites for phenomenal events that preserved for Europe and the world outstanding political and military figures who had considerable influence on their post-war system.
PROBLEMATIC ISSUES IN THE RECOGNITION OF THE HOLODOMOR BY THE REPUBLIC OF CROATIA AS GENOCIDE OF THE UKRAINIAN PEOPLE
Authors:   Borys Grinchenko Kyiv University, 13В, Levka Lukyanenka Street, Kyiv, 04212, Ukraine, Sagan Galyna
Published: November 2023

The article analyses the fifteen-year journey of the Republic of Croatia to recognise the Holodomor of 1932-1933 in Ukraine as genocide of the Ukrainian people. It is noted that, unfortunately, the long-term strategic partnership that developed between our countries had little effect on Croatia expressing its attitude to the terrible crime of the communist regime at the official level. In this case, as a rule, the Ukrainian State did not do enough. It is noted that during the presidency of V. Yanukovych in Ukraine, not only practically no attention was paid to the international work on clarifying the issues of the Holodomor, but also V. Yanukovych himself made an illegal statement that recognizing the Holodomor of 1932-1933 as a fact of genocide of Ukrainians is wrong and unfair. This statement not only demonstrated V. Yanukovych's disdain for millions of innocent victims of the Ukrainian genocide, but also crossed out already existing developments, including and in the Republic of Croatia. V. Yanukovych actually committed a crime - he violated the Law of Ukraine “On the Holodomor of 1932-1933 in Ukraine”. It is emphasized that the greatest efforts in informing the Croatian public and the political elite in the Republic of Croatia were made by activists of the Ukrainian diaspora. Due to their efforts, since the beginning of the 1990s, events were regularly held to honor the memory of those who died during the Holodomor. Ukrainian cultural and educational societies published books, brochures, organized exhibitions, supported the international campaign “Unquenchable Candle”, etc. Moreover, the work was carried out in two directions - for the general public of citizens of the Republic of Croatia and for Ukrainians in Croatia. It is emphasized that significant efforts of our diaspora were directed to work with Croatian parliamentarians, on whom the official recognition of the Holodomor as genocide ultimately depended. It is noted that representatives of the Ukrainian Embassy, who were co-organizers of events honoring the victims of the Holodomor, were also actively involved in this work, and worked to spread information about this crime of the communist regime. It is indicated that the full-scale invasion of Russia into Ukraine on February 24, 2022 and the new crimes against humanity committed by Russian soldiers became the decisive argument that convinced the political elite of the Republic of Croatia to recognize the Holodomor as a genocide of the Ukrainian people.
Social indexicality and L2 speech development
Authors: Kupske Felipe Flores , Perozzo Reiner Vinicius
Published: November 2023

The propensity to see language as a construction that provides social cues has great implications for both societal structure and human psychological processes, including first and second language development and attrition. In this regard, social indexicality, for instance, has been shown to play a crucial role in L2 speech development. Even though some branches of linguistics embrace social indexicality in their machinery and predictions (e.g., sociolinguistics, sociophonetics), the addition of social variables in the area of Second Language Acquisition (SLA) and in Psycholinguistics might be seen as recent and limited. Considering that psycholinguistics should start including social indexicality when addressing language learning, this theoretical research article aims at exploring and drawing attention to the relationship between psycholinguistics and sociolinguistics with regard to L2 speech development. In order to do so, it provides an outline of the research agenda of L2 speech development as situated in psycholinguistics. It then discusses the role of social indexicality in bilingual development. Finally, the article advocates the Complex Dynamic Systems Theory (CDST) as a fruitful paradigm to anchor such an interface, since it includes both cognitive and social aspects in its core.
Implantação de conceitos de manufatura enxuta em célula de conformação de chapas
Authors: Camargo Alves José Augusto , Da Silva Iris Bento
Published: November 2023

A necessidade crescente de células produtivas, cada vez mais eficientes, torna imprescindível a utilização de ferramentas de manufatura enxuta, para modificação na forma de planejar, manipular e processar o produto. Neste trabalho, será apresentado um cenário produtivo deficiente, de uma célula de conformação de chapas e os procedimentos implantados para torná-la adequada aos requisitos de demanda de uma companhia. Palavras-chave: Manufatura enxuta, Just in time, eliminação de desperdícios.
Produção e Cálculo do Custo de um Fármaco Obtido do Suco do Abacaxi por Microfiltração
Authors: Lopes Francisco Luiz Gumes , Santana José Carlos Curvelo , Sbruzzi Dalva , Souza Roberto Rodrigues de , Tambourgi Elias Basile
Published: November 2023

Este  trabalho  objetivou  produzir  a  bromelina  a  partir  do  abacaxi,  bem  como,  determinar  as  condições ótimas  desse  processo  utilizando  membranas  planas  e  determinar  o  seu  custo  de  produção.  Para  tanto, variou-se a pressão transmembrana entre 0,05 e 0,15 bar e o pH entre 7,0 e 7,5 para avaliar seus efeitos sobre o índice de recuperação da bromelina. Também fez-se uma busca de preços de materiais e produtos utilizados. Os resultados mostraram que a condição ótima de obtenção das bromelinas foi na pressão de 0,05 bar em qualquer pH, onde o rendimento do processo superou os 85 %. O preço de custo mínimo de produção das bromelinas do abacaxi ficou entre 14 a 20 vezes menor que o preço comercializado e de 10 a 13 vezes que a mesma enzima quando é obtida por extração líquido-líquido, o que mostra a viabilidade econômica do processo de separação por membranas para a obtenção de bromelinas.Palavras-chave: Ananas comosos; bromelina; membranas planas; custo de produção.
Metodologia multicritério para avaliação de desempenho da gestão de uma empresa familiar
Authors: Bortoluzzi Sandro César , Ensslin Sandra Rolim , Ensslin Leonardo
Published: November 2023

O objetivo do trabalho consiste em construir um modelo de avaliação de desempenho, que considere as particularidades de uma empresa industrial, por meio da Metodologia Multicritério de Apoio à Decisão Construtivista (MCDA-C). Estudo de caráter exploratório, onde a coleta de dados foi feita por meio de entrevistas com o decisor da empresa e pela análise de documentos internos. A pesquisa caracteriza-se como qualitativa, na fase de estruturação do modelo e quantitativa, na fase de avaliação. A partir do modelo construído, foi possível: (i) identificar 74 indicadores que compõem o modelo a ser utilizado para avaliar o desempenho da gestão; (ii) identificar as dimensões que serão avaliadas; (iii) avaliar o status quo da organização em 8 pontos, que se configura aquém da expectativa do decisor, em uma escala em que 0 pontos configura-se como nível neutro e 100 pontos configura-se como nível bom; (iv) traçar o perfil de desempenho; (v) identificar os indicadores com desempenho comprometedor na organização; e (vi) demonstrar o processo de gerenciamento do desempenho. Palavras-chave: Gestão; avaliação de desempenho organizacional; apoio à decisão; MCDA-C; performance.
A importância da análise da qualidade de vida no trabalho de funcionários de marcenarias: o caso do município de Viçosa, MG
Authors: Venturim Zanuncio Sharinna , De Souza Amaury Paulo , Caldas Tavares Mafra Simone , Minette Luciano José , Ribeiro de Goicochea Aurora
Published: November 2023

O trabalho sempre teve papel essencial na vida dos seres humanos. Com o decorrer do tempo, os objetivos do trabalho e o seu processo foram sendo alterados, principalmente como finalidade de sobrevivência. Não se pode exigir resultados dos trabalhadores, se estes não tiverem um mínimo de comodidade e de condições para realizar suas necessidades básicas, proporcionando-lhes qualidade de vida no trabalho e em seu cotidiano. Diante do exposto, o presente estudo teve como objetivo estudar a qualidade de vida no trabalho dos funcionários de marcenarias, procurando identificar riscos ergonômicos e de acidentes de trabalho, bem como analisar suas implicações sobre a economia familiar dos acidentados. Para alcance do objetivo proposto, foram utilizados, como instrumento de coleta de dados: questionários, entrevistas e registros fotográficos. Pôde-se perceber que, por intermédio dos resultados encontrados, o trabalho nas marcenarias necessita de treinamento e, principalmente, de conscientização dos marceneiros e proprietários, a respeito de saúde e segurança, para que se possa conciliar produtividade e bem-estar no trabalho, beneficiando as principais partes interessadas, ou seja, empregado e empregador. Palavras-Chave: Qualidade de Vida no Trabalho; Marcenarias; Ergonomia; Ambiente de Trabalho.
A importância dos agentes de carga no fluxo logístico internacional: um estudo com exportadores do setor madeireiro
Authors: Graeml Alexandre Reis , Peinado Jurandir , Imay Marcelo
Published: November 2023

Este artigo tem o objetivo de discutir a importância dos agentes de cargas internacionais, também conhecidos como International Freight Forwarders (IFFs), para a exportação de madeira, na visão dos próprios exportadores. Para isso, foi realizada uma pesquisa survey com 31 empresas exportadoras do produto do Brasil, que representam cerca de 35% do volume de exportação nacional do setor madeireiro, dentre as quais estão os principais exportadores com saídas pelos principais portos dos estados do Paraná, Santa Catarina e Rio Grande do Sul. O estudo permitiu concluir que os exportadores reconhecem que os agentes de cargas facilitam o fluxo logístico internacional e agilizam o trâmite burocrático envolvido, mas também revelou certa desconfiança dos exportadores quanto à segurança e confidencialidade das informações sobre seus clientes e processos repassadas aos agentes. Palavras-chave: Logística; Agentes de Cargas Internacionais; Setor adeireiro.
Educação profissional, sustentabilidade e cidadania na sociedade contemporânea
Authors: Barbosa Soila
Published: November 2023

Este artigo analisa alguns aspectos da educação profissional no Brasil, articulados com a temática relacionada à sustentabilidade e à cidadania. O novo modelo produtivo e de organização social do trabalho exige novas qualificações para ser e se manter empregável. O estudo, uma revisão bibliográfica, busca subsídios selecionados do Programa Internacional de Alunos (PISA), para explicar um viés da inter-relação entre ensino fundamental, educação profissional e os requisitos necessários, para que os cidadãos possam apoiar a si próprios, a sociedade e a economia. Novos paradigmas são observados no cenário contemporâneo, conduzindo a transições, que exigem diferentes práticas profissionais e sociais para alcançar o desenvolvimento sustentável, que se realiza com a educação de qualidade para todos.
Palavras-chave: Educação Profissional; Educação; Cidadania; Sustentabilidade; Sociedade.
Critérios de sustentabilidade dos projetos brasileiros de Mecanismo de Desenvolvimento Limpo
Authors: Kulay Luiz Alexandre , Miraglia Simone Georges El Khouri , Hummel Natalia Lutti
Published: November 2023

A grande preocupação com o Aquecimentro Global tem feito a sociedade atual criar várias iniciativas para abordar o tema propondo soluções. Dentre estas o Protocolo de Kyoto é seguramente aquela mais efetiva em termos coletivistas. O texto desse documento traz retratado três mecanismos de abordagem do problema de emissão de Gases de Efeito Estufa (GEE). Reside entre eles o chamado Mecanismo de Desenvolvimento Limpo (MDL), que propõe reduzir a geração de tais rejeitos via implantação de tecnologias limpas em países em desen- volvimento, contribuindo para o desenvolvimento sustentável e gerando créditos passíveis de comercialização com países desenvolvidos. No Brasil, a aprovação de projetos de MDL cabe à Comissão Interministerial de Mudança Global do Clima (CIMGC), instituição da administração federal pública que delibera sobre a elegibi- lidade de projetos dessa natureza. O presente estudo se propõe a analisar mecanismos e procedimentos usados pela CIMGC, no trato do caráter de sustentabilidade de tais iniciativas e propor critérios atrelados a um siste- ma de pontuação. Desta forma, os projetos tendem a ser mais transparentes e objetivos, proporcionando uma contribuição ao desenvolvimento sustentável. Para tanto, utiliza-se dos projetos brasileiros de MDL voltados à Troca de Combustíveis como objeto de análise crítica. Palavras chaves: Mecanismo de Desenvolvimento Limpo; Comissão Interministerial de Mudanças Climáticas; Anexo III; Gestão ambiental; e, Desenvolvimento sustentável.
Avaliação da qualidade em serviços: um estudo exploratório em bares de São Paulo
Authors: Luzzi Las Casas Alexandre , Claudia Suszek Ana
Published: November 2023

Este estudo objetiva analisar a aplicação do instrumento avaliativo, conhecido como conceito de “momentos de verdade” de uma empresa e verificar pontos fortes e fracos na qualidade dos serviços. Tal julgamento relacionase a todos os pontos de contato de uma organização com clientes e que causam uma impressão. O estudo exploratório foi conduzido em três etapas: a primeira, (buscando) avaliar e testar os formulários e procedimentos; a segunda, ajustar o formulário de avaliação, bem como procedimentos de campo, aplicando-se a um número maior de respondentes. Na última etapa, um novo levantamento foi realizado, junto aos mesmos objetos de estudo. Chega-se à conclusão de que o instrumento atende aos critérios de avaliação, tanto de clientes reais como o de misterioso, mostrando ser uma ferramenta adequada para o aperfeiçoamento de serviços; porém, devido à certas limitações, como à subjetividade de interpretação de quem é entrevistado, bem como do pesquisador, o que demanda um certo cuidado para sua aplicação. Palavras-chave: Serviços; Qualidade; Instrumentos de Avaliação.