bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Modeling of Erbium: YAG Laser-Mediated Explosive Photovaporization: Implications for Vitreoretinal Surgery
Authors: Berger Jeffrey W , D'Amico Donald J
Published: April 2021

* BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Motivated by the potential for highly precise tissue removal, investigators are exploring fiberoptic microsurgical maneuvers with the erbium:YAG (Er:YAG) laser. Tissue is disrupted and removed by direct ablation and the acousto-mechanical sequelae of explosive vaporization of the tissue water. The authors investigated the scaling laws for photoablative and photodisruptive interactions and interpreted these results to optimize energy delivery for vitreoretinal surgical maneuvers.

* MATERIALS AND METHODS: A model for laser-generated-bubble expansion is presented based on energy principles and adiabatic gas expansion. Comparisons are made with the authors' previous studies of ablation rate and thermometry.

* RESULTS: The authors' modeling studies generated predictions similar to experimental data. The maximum bubble diameter increases as the cube root of the pulse energy. At constant radiant exposure, the maximum bubble diameter increases as the probe tip diameter raised to the two-thirds power. The authors demonstrated that tissue ablation depends on radiant exposure (J/cm
p 2
), whereas temperature increases, bubble size, and peak pressure depend on total pulse energy.

* CONCLUSIONS: Mechanical injury should be minimized and efficient ablation preserved by delivering low-pulse energy through small-diameter probe tips at high repetition rates.

[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers 1997;28:133-139.]
Role of the Vitreous and Macular Edema in Branch Retinal Vein Occlusion
Authors: Takihashi Masatoshi K , Hikichi Taiichi , Akiba Jun , Yoshida Akitoshi , Trempe Clement L
Published: April 2021

* BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: To deter mine the relationship between macular edema associated with branch retinal vein occlusion (BRVO) and the condition of the vitreous.

* PATIENTS AND METHODS: The authors retrospectively studied 58 patients (58 eyes) who underwent vitreous examination. The eyes were classified as having vitreomacular attachment (VMA) or vitreomacular separation (VMS), and were divided into two groups based on the mean age of the patients.

* RESULTS: Macular edema was found in 39 (67%) of the eyes. The prevalence of VMA was 8 1 % (22 of 27 eyes) in group 1 (patients who were 64 years old or younger) and 45% (14 of 31 eyes) in group 2 (patients who were older than 64 years). Although no significant relationship was found, 77% (17 of 22) of the eyes with VMA in group 1 had macular edema. The incidence of macular edema was significantly higher in eyes with VMA (93%, 13 of 14) than in eyes with VMS (41%, 7 of 17, P= .009) in group 2.

* CONCLUSION: The authors findings suggest that VMA may influence the presence of macular edema associated with BRVO.

[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers 1997;28:294-299.]
Transscleral Diode Laser Therapy for Traumatic Cyclodialysis Cleft
Authors: Brown Steven V L , Mizen Thomas
Published: April 2021

Abstract. This case repon describes a new surgical approach for the treatment of cyclodialysis. The treatment of cyclodialysis cleft associated with hypotony is in a period of evolution, In this report, a patient with traumatic cyclodialysis associated with hypotony maculopathy was treated with contact transscleral diode laser therapy to the cleft areas. The contact diode laser therapy resulted in closure of the clefts, reversal of hypotony, and resolution of maculopathy with improvement in vision. The results of this study show that this technique can be less invasive than other surgical options. [Ophthalmic Surg Lasers 1997; 28:313-317.]
Infectious Keratitis in a Paracentesis Tract
Authors: Azuara-Blanco Augusto , Katz L Jay
Published: April 2021

Abstract. A paracentesis is performed in glaucoma procedures as a flat, beveled tract to allow access into the anterior chamber after the filtration fistula is made. Complications related to the paracentesis are infrequent because it is a self-sealing wound. The authors report a case of infectious keratitis that developed in a paracentesis tract. [Ophthalmic Surg Lasers 1997;28:332-333.]
Secondary Vitrectomy for the Treatment of Macular Holes Occurring After Vitrectomy
Authors: Tsujikawa Motokazu , Saito Yoshihiro , Lewis M , Tano Yasuo
Published: April 2021

Abstract. Tangential foveal traction by the posterior vitreous cortex is regarded as the main cause of ftillthickness macular holes. This report documents two cases of full-thickness macular holes that developed after vitrectomy for other diseases in the apparent absence of the cortical vitreous traction. Autologous serum with pars plana vitrectomy was used to treat these cases. Anatomic closure of the holes was achieved. Macular holes developing after vitrectomy may have an etiology other than tangential vitreous traction, and secondary vitrectomy is useful in treat ing such holes. [Ophthalmic Surg Lasers 1997;28:336-337.]
Traumatic Cataract and Wieger's Ligament
Authors: Campanella Peter C , Aminlari Ali , DeMaio Raymond
Published: April 2021

Abstract. The objective of this study was to determine the relationship between posterior subcapsular contusion cataract and Wieger's ligament. Two clinical cases of traumatic cataract, occurring in young patients, were analyzed. In neither case was there evidence of penetrating or perforating injuries to the globe. During cataract extraction a smooth oval defect in the posterior capsule was observed; however, there was no evidence of intraoperative capsular damage. The outline of the defect was consistent with the border of Wieger's ligament. It appears that blunt trauma avulsed this region of lens capsule, resulting in these findings. [Ophthalmic Surg Lasers 1997;28:422-423.]
Measurement of Head-Turn in Ocular Torticollis
Authors: Spierer Abraham , Barak Adiel
Published: April 2021

Abstract. There is a need for a simple and accurate method to measure head-turn in patients who suffer from torticollis secondary to ocular disease. In the technique described here, a fixation object is moved from a point in front of the patient to a point at which the patients face is straight. The distance that the object is moved is proportional to the amount of headturn the patient has. With a simple mathematical calculation, the angle of head-turn can be determined, even during a routine clinical evaluation. [Ophthalmic Surg Lasers 1997;28:424-425.]
Corneal Autograft Patches for Covering Exposed Transscleral Sutures
Authors: Lifshitz Tova , Wender Ariel , Lapid-Gortzak Ruth
Published: April 2021

Abstract. This article details the authors' experience with a relatively unknown technique for covering exposed ends of transscleral sutures. During combined transscleral suturing of a posterior chamber intraocular lens (PC IOL) with a penetrating keratoplasty, buttons from the excised recipient cornea are sutured with 10-0 nylon over the protruding suture ends. This technique has been used successfully in four cases. [Ophthalmic Surg Lasers 1997;28:426-427.]
Laser Trabeculoplasty: How Little Is Enough?
Authors: Frenkel Ronald E P , Shin Dong H , Epstein David L , Hertzmark Ellen , Bohn Jeffrey L , Hong Young J
Published: April 2021

* BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: The opti mal number of laser applications for argon laser trabeculoplasty in patients with primary open-angle glaucoma has not been established. The purpose of this study was to determine the fewest number of burns necessary for clinically effective intraocular pressure reduction for these patients.

* PATIENTS AND METHODS: Using a prospective, randomized, collaborative study, the authors examined the relationship between the number of laser trabeculoplasty burns and intraocular pressure for patients with primary open-angle glaucoma. A total of 122 patients received either 50 burns to half of the trabecular meshwork (group 1) or 35 burns to one third of the trabecular meshwork (group 2) .

* RESULTS: The mean baseline intraocular pressures were similar between group 1 (22.3 ±4.1 mm Hg [mean ± SD]) and group 2 (22.8 ± 5.0 mm Hg) (P = .58). Intraocular pressure reduction at 9 to 12 months, although significant in both groups (group 1 : 4.4 ± 3.0 mm Hg, P < .0001; group 2: 3.9 ± 5.1 mm Hg, P < .0001), did not differ significantly between the two groups (P = .63).

* CONCLUSION: This study demonstrated that 35 burns may be as clinically effective as 50 burns in reducing the intraocular pressure in primary openangle glaucoma patients.

[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers 1997;28:900-904.]
Utilizing Eye Bank Eyes and Keratoplasty Techniques to Teach Phacoemulsification
Authors: Rootman David S , Marcovich Arie
Published: April 2021

Abstract. Learning microsurgery can be a difficult task. Three techniques for practicing phacoemulsification using eye bank eyes, rigid contact lenses, and lamellar keratoplasty are described. These simple methods provide a realistic environment for learning and developing microsurgical skills. [Ophthalmic Surg Lasers 1997;28:957-960.]
Clinical Use of a New Axial Chondro-mucosal Flap in Wide Full-thickness Eyelid Reconstructions
Authors: Scuderi Nicoló , Rubino Corrado , Bertozzi Ettore
Published: April 2021

* BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Full thickness reconstruction of more than half of an eyelid, mainly of the upper one, is a challenge for the surgeon. In 1992, for the first time, the authors reported the use of an axial chondro-mucosal flap from the nose for reconstruction of the tarsoconjunctival plane of a full thickness defect of an eyelid. This article reports and discusses the results of the follow-up of 1 8 patients operated on using the above technique during the period June 1991-March 1997.

* PATIENTS AND METHODS: Apart from the oncological evaluation, the following parameters were assessed: position, closure, the presence of epiphora, length of the palpebrai rim, rim opening, levator function, an aesthetic balance of the eyelids, and donor site morbidity. The follow-up ranged from 6 to 40 months.

* RESULTS: The axial chondro-mucosal flap was clinically viable in all patients. One patient showed a 2 mm lagophthalmos. Static parameters were within normal ranges. In upper eyelid reconstruction, an 8 to 18 mm. levator function (mean 13 mm) was shown.

* CONCLUSION: The authors discuss their complications and results and feel that this flap, associated with full thickness skin grafts, may be considered a first choice technique, in expert hands, in complex full thickness upper eyelid reconstruction, and a possible alternative in lower eyelid reconstruction, for wide defects when the use of other flaps is compromised.

[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers 1999;30:91-97.]
Optic Nerve Sheath Decompression for Progressive Central Retinal Vein Occlusion
Authors: Dev Sundeep , Buckley Edward G
Published: April 2021

* OBJECTIVE: To review our results with optic nerve sheath decompression (ONSD) for progressive central retinal vein occlusions (CRVO).

* METHODS: Patients selected all had evidence of progressively worsening CRVO, a component of optic nerve swelling, and most were already monocular from prior disease in the contralateral eye. ONSD was performed using a nasal approach under retrobulbar anesthesia.

* RESULTS: Eight eyes from 8 patients with a mean follow-up of 12 months were analyzed. Six patients improved, 2 worsened. Mean preoperative visual acuity was 20/160, and mean final postoperative visual acuity was 20/70. No complications occurred. Nonischemic CRVOs, patients <65 years old, and those undergoing ONSD within 3 months of presentation seemed to do better.

* CONCLUSION: ONSD may improve vision or stabilize visual loss in patients with progressive CRVO.

[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers 1999;30:181-184.]
Intraocular Pressure Fluctuations During Strabismus Operations and the Postoperative Period
Authors: Snir Moshe , Axer-Siegel Ruth , Chalimi J , Shalev B , Yassur Yuval
Published: April 2021

* PURPOSE: To evaluate the intraocular pressure (IOP) variations which occur during and after strabismus surgery.

* METHOD: We measured the IOP in 34 eyes of 20 pediatrie patients undergoing primary strabismus surgery under general anesthesia. Measurements were performed by the Tono-Pen (Mentor O&Q Inc. Norwell, MA) prior to surgery, immediately after suturing of the conjunctive, and 1 week and 4 weeks after surgery. All patients received the same local antibiotics and steroid solutions postoperatively.

* RESULTS: IOP decreased from baseline to the end of surgery by a mean of 8.26 ±1.8 mmHg and increased from baseline to 4 weeks after surgery by a mean of 3.6 ± 1.8 mmHg. Thirty-eight percent of the eyes had an IOP of 21 mmHg or more during the postoperative period.

* CONCLUSION: IOP variations are prevalent during and after strabismus surgery. Careful postoperative measurements are recommended in order to identify individuals who may be prone to iatrogenically increased IOP.

[Ophthalmic Surg and Lasers 1999;30:212-215.]
Sturge-Weber Syndrome With Bilateral Congenital Syndactyly: A Previously Undescribed Association
Authors: Mandal Anil K
Published: April 2021

Abstract: The Sturge- Weber syndrome consists of unilateral port -wine haemangioma of the face which may be associated with an ipsilateral intracranial haemangioma and choroidal angioma. The common derivation of the meningea!, choroidal and facial vessels may explain a congenital malformation of all three areas.' I report the case of a child with typical Sturge-Weber syndrome who had a previously undescribed association with bilateral congenital syndactyly. [Ophthalmic Surg Lasers 1999;30:221-222.]
Consensual Inflammation Following Ocular Surgery
Authors: El-Harazi Sherif M , Feldman Robert M , Ruiz Richard S , Villanueva Guillermina , Chuang Alice Z
Published: April 2021

* PURPOSE: To determine whether a consensual inflammatory response occurs following unilateral phacoemulsification or trabeculectomy in humans.

* METHODS: Sixty patients undergoing phacoemulsification or primary trabeculectomy were included in the study. Some patients were randomly assigned to have a shield placed on the non-operated eye during surgery. The Kowa laser flare meter (FM-500) and laser cell counter (LC-500) (Kowa Electronics and Optics, Tokyo, Japan) were used to assess the inflammatory response in both eyes. Measurements were taken preoperatively and on postoperative days 1, 7 and 28. The regression analysis with random model effect was used to identify factors which may affect the change of flare and cells in the non-operated eye after surgery. Correlation was evaluated between the inflammatory responses of the paired eyes. A P<0.05 was considered statistically significant for all analyses.

* RESULTS: The flare and cells in the non-operated eye showed a small, but significant, increase on day 1 (mean flare increased 2.68 photons/ms from preoperative level with P<0.001 and mean cells increased 2.49 cells/0.5 mm
p 3
from preoperative level with P<0.0001). At day 7 the amount of inflammation was still elevated (mean flare increased 0.41 photons/ms from preoperative level with P<0.001 and mean cells increased 0.63 cells/0.5 mm
p 3
from preoperative level with P<0.001). By day 28, the amount of inflammation in the nonoperated eyes returned to preoperative levels.

* CONCLUSIONS: Subclinical inflammation occurs in the non-operated eye following phacoemulsification and trabeculectomy. The etiology of this finding has yet to be elucidated.

[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers 1999;30:254-259.]
Surgical Repair of Retinal Detachment Secondary to Cytomegalovirus Retinitis
Authors: Stier Peter A , Glazer Louis C , Garretson Bruce R , Deutsch Thomas A
Published: April 2021

* BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: This study was conducted to determine preoperative predictors of postoperative visual acuity in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and cytomegalovirus (CMV) retinitis and retinal detachment.

* PATIENTS AND METHODS: The study design was a retrospective chart review of 38 eyes in 33 patients with AIDS and CMV retinitis who had retinal reattachment surgery by pars plana vitrectomy with the use of silicone oil tamponade. Factors considered included: preoperative visual acuity, macular attachment status and CMV activity at the time of surgery, and length of time from diagnosis of retinal detachment to surgical repair.

* RESULTS: Retinal reattachment was achieved in 37 of 38 eyes. Mean interval from surgery to best corrected visual acuity (VA) was 9 weeks. The mean best corrected post-op VA was 20/70. Approximately half of the patients died within 7 months of the surgery. There was good correlation between preoperative VA and best attained postoperative VA (Spearman's: r = 0.5139, P = 0.001). The interval from retinal detachment to surgery, and best attained postoperative VA did not correlate (Spearman's: r = 0.2339, P= 0.158). The lack of macular CMV retinitis correlated well with postoperative VA (P= 0.0066, Wilcoxon rank-sum test).

* CONCLUSIONS: Preoperative visual acuity and macular attachment status correlates with better postoperative visual acuity results, whereas early surgical repair of retinal detachment does not.

[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers 1999;30:289-294.]
A False-Positive Seidel Test After Ahmed Valve Insertion
Authors: Piccone Michele R , Piltz Jody R , Yoken Jonathan
Published: April 2021

Abstract. An 80-year-old monocular man with longstanding primary open angle glaucoma underwent successful filtering surgery in his sighted right eye in 1980. He subsequently developed a cataract and had an uncomplicated clear cornea phacoemulsification with posterior chamber intraocular lens in 1996. Post-operatively, the filtration bleb remained very avascular but shallowed; the intraocular pressure increased and remained uncontrolled despite maximally tolerated medical therapy. His vision improved to 6/7.5 and automated perimetry revealed a less than 5° small central island of vision. His left eye was phthisical with no light perception. [Ophthalmic Surg Lasers 1999;30:313-314.]
Intravitreal tPA and SF
6
Promote Clearing of Premacular Subhyaloid Hemorrhages in Shaken and Battered Baby Syndrome
Authors: Conway Mandi D , Peyman Gholam A , Recasens Marta
Published: April 2021

* BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Child abuse is a serious problem in many cultures. The ocular signs of shaken baby include intraretinal, subretinal, and preretinal hemorrhages. The hemorrhages may be unilateral or bilateral and are seen in 50% to 80% of patients. Previous treatment was limited to observation or vitrectomy, but some observed eyes develop amblyopia, and pediatric vitrectomy has many complications.

* PATIENTS: We report 4 eyes in 2 children with shaken baby syndrome in whom we administered intravitreal tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) in an attempt to resolve preretinal hemorrhages earlier than observation alone without the complications of vitrectomy. The tPA dose ranged from 12.5-25 µg per injection. Eyes were injected once weekly for 3 consecutive weeks. Each time 0.25 cc of sulfur hexafluoride gas was also injected.

* RESULTS: Within 1 week following the last tPA administration, complete resolution of the preretinal hemorrhage was seen. There were no associated ophthalmic complications.

* CONCLUSION: Intravitreal tPA with an expansive gas is an alternative method to observation or vitrectomy for resolution of preretinal hemorrhages in battered babies and may allow faster resolution of hemorrhages without the complications of vitrectomy.

[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers 1999;30:435-441.]
Excimer Laser Photorefractive Keratectomy for High Myopia and Myopic Astigmatism
Authors: Gabrieli Corrado Balacco , Pacella Elena , Abdolrahimzadeh Solmaz , Regine Federico , Mollo Roberto
Published: April 2021

* BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: To deter mine the efficacy, safety, and predictability of excimer laser photorefractive keratectomy of high myopia and myopic astigmatism.

* PATIENTS AND METHODS: 76 eyes of 52 patients with myopia from -8.00 to -23.50 diopters (D) with or without astigmatism up to - 5.5OD were treated with the VISX 20/20 excimer laser (VISK, Santa Clara, CA) and a multi-zone ablation technique. Visual acuity, manifest refraction, corneal haze, and topography were evaluated at 1 week and 1, 3, 6, 12, and 1 8 months postoperatively.

* RESULTS: Postoperative refractions were generally stable after 12 months. At the last follow-up all patients were within - 1.96 D of the intended correction. Eighteen months postoperatively, 68% of patients undergoing photorefractive keratectomy (PRK), and 65% of patients undergoing photo astigmatic refractive keratectomy (PARK), were within 1 D of planned refraction. Furthermore, 87% of patients after PRK and 80% of patients after PARK had a visual acuity of 20/40 or better.

* CONCLUSIONS: High myopia with or without astigmatism was successfully treated in most of the patients using PRK. The stability of the postoperative refraction during the first 1 8 months seems to be good. The incidence of adverse effects was low but improvements in the future should further reduce complications, thus increasing the safety of refractive procedures.

[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers 1999;30:442-448.]
Corneal Topographic Changes Induced by Excision of Perilimbal Lesions
Authors: Budak Koray , Khater Timothy T , Friedman Neil J , Koch Douglas D
Published: April 2021

* BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: To evaluate corneal topographic changes induced by excision of two pterygia and a perilimbal dermoid.

* MATERIAL AND METHODS: Using the EyeSys Corneal Analysis System, we retrospectively analyzed the changes in astigmatism, mean central corneal power, and other topographic parameters of three corneas before and after surgical removal of two pterygia and a perilimbal dermoid.

* RESULTS: Marked corneal steepening occurred along the preoperative flat meridian after the excision of the pterygia and dermoid cyst. For each patient, surgery increased the mean central corneal curvature and decreased total astigmatism.

* CONCLUSION: Surgical excision can ameliorate abnormal corneal topographic changes produced by limbal lesions.

[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers 1999;30:458-464.]
Penetration of Ofloxacin and Ciprofloxacin in Aqueous Humor After Topical Administration
Authors: Çekiç Osman , Batman Cosar , Totan Yüksel , Yasar Ümit , Basci Nursabah E , Bozkurt Atilla , Kayaalp S Oguz
Published: April 2021

* BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: To com pare the aqueous humor levels of 0.3% ofloxacin and 0.3% ciprofloxacin containing eyedrops in patients witli healthy cornea.

* PATIENTS AND METHODS: Fifty patients with cataract were randomly assigned to have 0.3% ofloxacin containing eyedrop (25 patients) or 0.3% ciprofloxacin containing eyedrop (25 patients). Both drugs were repetitively instilled to each patient for 6 hours before the surgery. Aqueous samples were collected after penetrating the anterior chamber during cataract extraction and assayed by high-performance liquid chromatography method.

* RESULTS: The aqueous humor level of ofloxacin (1.43 ± 0.26 µ,?/ml, mean ± SEM) was significandy higher than that of ciprofloxacin (0.35 ± 0.07 µg/ml) following the topical application (P < .0002).

* CONCLUSION: Aqueous humor penetration of topical ofloxacin is about 4 times higher than that of topical ciprofloxacin when the drugs are applied as described above.

[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers 1999;30:465-468.]
The Role of Axial Length in Central and Branch Retinal Vein Occlusion
Authors: Çekiç Osman , Totan Yüksel , Aydin Erdinç , Pehlivan Erkan , Hilmioglu Fatih
Published: April 2021

* BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: To assess whether the axial length is a local risk factor in central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO) and branch retinal vein occlusion (BRVO).

* PATIENTS AND METHODS: The axial lengths of affected and fellow eyes of 19 patients with CRVO and 27 with BRVO and of their controls were measured with ?-scan ultrasonography. The control group consisted of 17 individuals for CRVO and 25 for BRVO matched in age, sex and the prevalence of hypertension and diabetes in patient groups. The results of measurements in affected, unaffected and control eyes were compared.

* RESULTS: The mean axial length was different among the affected and unaffected eyes in patients with CRVO and their controls (P < .05). The affected eyes had significantly shorter axial length compared to the fellow and control eyes (P < .01 and P < .01, respectively). In the BRVO group, the mean axial length did not differ among affected, unaffected and control eyes (P > .05).

* CONCLUSIONS: Our study demonstrates a significantly shorter axial length in eyes with CRVO and not significantly shorter axial length in those with BRVO. The shorter axial length could be an additional risk factor in the pathogenesis of CRVO.

[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers 1999;30:523-527.]
Eyes Removed for Primary Ulcerative Keratitis with Endophthalmitis: Microbial and Histologic Findings
Authors: Margo Curtis E
Published: April 2021

* OBJECTIVES: To study the microbiological and histological findings in patients whose eyes are removed for primary ulcerative keratitis with suppurative endophthalmitis.

* METHODS: Survey of consecutive cases of ulcerative keratitis with histologically defined endophthalmitis treated by enucleation or evisceration.

* RESULTS: Eighteen cases of ulcerative keratitis with suppurative endophthalmitis were identified. Thirteen corneal ulcers were culture positive (72%). Microorganism were found in histologic sections of the anterior segment of 9 eyes (50%), but no microorganisms were identified in the vitreous. Two eyes (1 1%) had culturepositive endophthalmitis. Half of the patients in this study who had undergone elective intraocular surgery had done so within 4 months of enucleation.

* CONCLUSIONS: Considerable vitreous inflammation can occur with microbial keratitis in the absence of histologically demonstrable microorganisms in the vitreous. Microbial keratitis associated with suppurative endophthalmitis is usually caused by virulent organisms. The factors that contributed to the spread of purulent inflammation inside the eye could not be assessed in this morphologic study because of the lack of clinical data.

[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers 1999;30:535-539.]
Combined Temporal Phacoemulsification and Pars Plana Vitrectomy for the Treatment of Cataract and Giant Retinal Tear in a Buphthalmic Eye
Authors: Jacobi Felix K , Pavlovic Sima
Published: April 2021

Abstract. The standard approach to a three-port to pars plana vitrectomy is by placing the sclerotomies in the superotemporal and superonasal quadrant and the infusion port in the inferotemporal quadrant. This approach may be adjusted in selected cases that exhibit structural abnormalities of the globe at the superior site by placement of the sclerotomies in the temporal quadrants. We describe a case of a buphthalmic eye with a huge filtering bleb from previous glaucoma surgery that successfully underwent combined cataract and vitreoretinal surgery from a temporal approach for the repair of a giant retinal tear with cataract. [Opthalmic Surg Lasers 1999;30:687-688.]
Surgical Outcome After Early Intraocular Pressure Elevation Following Combined Cataract Extraction and Trabeculectomy
Authors: Porges Yair , Ophir Avinoam
Published: April 2021

* BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: We report on the incidence and course of early postoperative intraocular pressure (IOP) elevation and related surgical outcome following combined manual extracapsular cataract extraction (ECCE), using a sclerocorneal tunnel incision and trabeculectomy.

* PATIENTS AND METHODS: The combined procedure was the initial surgery in each eye. Intraocular pressure was measured during the first 4 days, at 1 week, and thereafter following surgery.

* RESULTS: Of 38 eyes (38 consecutive adults), postoperative IOP elevation to > 25 mm Hg was found in 7 eyes (18.4%) during the first 3 postoperative days. The IOP was reduced to ≤ 20 mm Hg without hypotensive medication in 3 of them within the first 3-7 postoperative days, and remained so after 7-16 months (mean, 10.3 ± 4.9 months). Each of the other 4 eyes underwent argon-laser suture lysis 8-10 days after surgery due to unstable IOP which rose to > 30 mm Hg. Two weeks after the operation and thereafter, ie, after 8-22 months (mean, 12.8 ± 6.4 months), each of these 4 eyes necessitated 1-4 (mean, 2.5 ± 1.3) hypotensive medications.

* CONCLUSION: This study raises the possibility that in eyes with early IOP elevation, a delay in promoting aqueous outflow beyond a critical period during the first postoperative week might become a risk factor for full surgical success.

[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers 1999;30:727-733.]
Surgical Excision of Selected Amblyogenic Periorbital Capillary Hemangiomas
Authors: Aldave Anthony J , Shields Carol L , Shields Jerry A
Published: April 2021

Abstract. To report the successful surgical excision of well-circumscribed capillary hemangiomas of the eyelid and orbit inducing occlusion amblyopia in 2 cases with immediate improvement of the patient's symptoms. A 2-month-old girl was diagnosed with a massive, amblyogenic orbital tumor which was removed intact via an inferior transconjunctival orbitotomy after magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed a well-defined mass filling the entire inferior orbit. Histopathologic examination confirmed the diagnosis of orbital capillary hemangioma. A 1-month-old girl developed occlusion amblyopia due to an enlarging subcutaneous tumor of the left upper eyelid. The discrete mass was excised via an eyelid crease approach and confirmed to be an eyelid capillary hemangioma. There were no short-term or long-term complications in either case. In both cases, immediate resolution of occlusion amblyopia and cosmetic disfiguration was achieved. The final visual acuities were 20/20 at 5 years in the first patient and 20/30 at 4 years followup in the second patient. Orbital and eyelid capillary hemangiomas can induce profound permanent amblyopia. If the tumor is well-circumscribed, confirmed with orbital imaging, then surgical excision, with immediate resolution of amblyogenic factors, can be considered as a treatment option. [Ophthalmic Surg Lasers 1999;30:754-757.]
Mitomycin C and 5-Fluorouracil Antimetabolite Therapy for Pediatric Glaucoma Filtration Surgery
Authors: Snir Moshe , Lusky Moshe , Shalev Benejamin , Gaton Dan , Weinberger Dov
Published: April 2021

* PURPOSE: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of augmented trabeculectomy with 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and mitomycin C (MMC) compared to 5-FU only for the treatment of pediatrie glaucoma.

* PATIENTS AND METHODS: In a prospective randomized clinical trial, 8 children (12 eyes) with pediatrie glaucoma, either congenital or secondary to: lens aspiration, Sturge-Weber syndrome, or steroids underwent augmented trabeculectomy. Six patients (8 eyes) underwent augmented trabeculectomy with 5-FU plus MMC and 2 patients (4 eyes) underwent augmented trabeculectomy with 5-FU only.

* MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Between-group comparison of postoperative parameters: change in intraocular pressure (IOP), dependence on antiglaucoma medication, number of 5-FU injections, cup-disc ratio, corneal diameter, drug-induced complications.

* RESULTS: In the 5-FU/MMC group, 7/8 eyes showed good control of postoperative IOP (9-16 mm Hg), which was independent of antiglaucoma therapy; only 2 injections of 5-FU were needed. By contrast, in the 5-FU group, no control of the postoperative IOP (21-23 mm Hg) was achieved in 4/4 eyes, and these patients remained dependent on antiglaucoma medication; up to 6 injections of 5-FU were used. There was no deterioration in the cup-disc ratio or the corneal diameter in either group. Results were maintained on follow-up (23-27 months). No significant drug-induced complications were noted.

* CONCLUSION: Augmented trabeculectomy with adjunctive 5-FU/MMC may be an option for the control of pediatrie glaucoma in patients with a poor surgical prognosis.

[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers 2000;31:3 1-37]
First Experimental and Clinical Results With Transscleral Optical Coherence Tomography
Authors: Hoerauf Hans , Gordes Roswitha S , Scholz Christian , Wirbelauer Christopher , Koch Peter , Engelhardt Ralf , Winkler Jörg , Laqua Horst , Birngruber Reginald
Published: April 2021

* BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the potentials of optical coherence tomography (OCT) using long wavelength to penetrate highly scattering tissues of the eye and visualize the anterior chamber angle and the ciliary body.

* METHODS: OCT images were generated by an experimental prototype in enucleated porcine eyes using as light source a superluminiscent diode with a wavelength of 1310 nm and a scan frequency of 60 Hz. The number of lateral scans was variable in a range from 100 to 400.

* RESULTS: Infrared OCT was able to penetrate the sclera. The anterior chamber angle could be visualized completely and the ciliary body could be identified. However, it was not possible to penetrate the highly reflective iris pigment epithelium.

* CONCLUSION: The use of infrared OCT allows penetration of the sclera, thus, providing complete visualization of the anterior chamber angle and limited demonstration of the ciliary body. Because of its higher resolution, it may represent an interesting noninvasive alternative to ultrasound biomicroscopy.

[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers 2000;31:218-222]
Retinal Detachment and Retinoschisis Detected by Optical Coherence Tomography in a Myopic Eye with a Macular Hole
Authors: Akiba Jun , Konno Suguru , Sato Eiichi , Yoshida
Published: April 2021

Abstract. The authors describe a myopic patient with a full-thickness macular hole that was accompanied by both retinal detachment and retinoschisìs. A 51 -yearold woman presented with a localized retinal elevation of three disc diameters around the macular hole in a myopic eye. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) showed features of both retinal detachment and retinoschisis. After vitreous surgery and postoperative intraocular gas tamponade, the macular elevation resolved, and separation of the neurosensory retina from the retinal pigment epithelium band disappeared on the OCT images. OCT is a useful tool for examining macular conditions associated with a macular hole in myopic patients. [Ophthalmic Surg Lasers 2000; 31:240-242.]
Spontaneous Closure of Macular Hole After Posterior Vitreous Detachment
Authors: Ebato Kyoko , Kishi Shoji
Published: April 2021

Abstract. Macular holes can be treated with surgicallyinduced vitreous detachment and gas tamponade. The authors repon a case of a macular hole that closed spontaneously after the development of posterior vitreous detachment (PVD). Optical coherence tomography (OCT) revealed a small full-thickness macular hole with perifoveal cystic changes in a 25-year-old female with a central scotoma at her initial visit. There was no evidence of PVD. Five months later, PVD was observed and the macular hole disappeared. OCT performed three months later showed macular hole closure and resolution of the perifoveal cystic changes. The physiologic pit was restored in the fovea. OCT is useful to detect and monitor the morphologic changes of a macular hole. [Ophthalmic Surg Lasers 2000;31:245-247]
Choroidal Detachment After Vitreous Surgery
Authors: Fujikawa Azusa , Kitaoka Takashi , Miyamura Noritake , Amemiya Tsugio
Published: April 2021

* BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: To study the frequency and clinical features of choroidal detachment (CD) after vitreous surgery, because there have been no reports on this problem.

* PATIENTS AND METHODS: We studied the clinical features of 14 patients (15 eyes) with CD from a total of 380 patients treated with vitrectomy at the Nagasaki University Hospital from January 1994 to August 1997.

* RESULTS: The incidence of CD after vitreous surgery was 3.9% (15/380) . The reasons for vitrectomy were 6 retinal detachments, 4 proliferative diabetic retinopathies, and 5 others. During vitrectomy, 4 eyes were treated with scleral buckling, 11 with endolaser photocoagulation, and 3 with cryoretinopexy. Retinal detachment as a postoperative complication was seen in 8 patients, and in 5 of them the retina remained detached after the final treatment.

* CONCLUSIONS: CD may be caused by scleral buckling, panphotocoagulation, or stress on the ciliary body. Some patients with CD have a poor outcome.

[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers 2000;31:276-281]
Inadvertent Corneal Indentation Can Cause Artifactitious Widening of the Iridocorneal Angle on Ultrasound Biomicroscopy
Authors: Ishikawa Hiroshi , Inazumi Kosuke , Liebmann Jeffrey M , Ritch Robert
Published: April 2021

Abstract. A 70-year-old Asian female with narrow angles underwent ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM) darkroom provocative testing. The angle was narrow under light conditions and occluded in the dark, except for the inferior quadrant where the angle was wide and the iris concave. This was reproducible in four quadrants with the use of a small UBM eye cup but not the large one. A small eye cup can indent the cornea, resulting in artifactitious angle widenening. Care must be taken when using the small eye cup not to press on the cornea. [Ophthalmic Surg Lasers 2000;31:342-345]
Brief Overview and Updates on Infantile Hypertrophic Pyloric Stenosis: Focus on Perioperative Management
Authors: Zaghal Ahmad , El-Majzoub Nadim , Jaafar Rola , Aoun Bilal , Jradi Nadia
Published: April 2021

Infantile hypertrophic pyloric stenosis is the most common surgical cause of vomiting in infancy. After adequate resuscitation, surgical pyloromyotomy is the standard of care for infants with pyloric stenosis. This article provides a brief overview and updates on hypertrophic pyloric stenosis in infants, with a focus on the surgical approach as well as perioperative management of this pathology. The most controversial aspect of the management of infants with pyloric stenosis is post-pyloromyotomy feeding, as there is no clear consensus in the literature on the best regimen. More randomized controlled trials are needed to establish the optimal resuscitation protocol in the preoperative phase and the ideal feeding regimen in the postoperative phase for infants with hypertrophic pyloric stenosis.

[
Pediatr Ann
. 2021;50:(3):e136–e141.]
Essentials of Paroxysmal Supraventricular Tachycardia for the Pediatrician
Authors: Borquez Alejandro A. , Williams Matthew R.
Published: April 2021

Paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia (SVT) is the most common clinical arrhythmia in young patients. With an estimated prevalence of roughly 1 in 500 children, a pediatrician may knowingly or unknowingly see several patients who are affected each year. SVT symptoms can sometimes be vague or conflated with common pediatric complaints. Different forms of SVT are predominant at different ages, sometimes complicating timely recognition and referral. Differing pathophysiology and age distribution impact risk of complications such as heart failure, or rarely, sudden death. Treatment choices continue to evolve as new medications, monitoring devices, and ablation technologies continue to mature. This review focuses on the most common types of paroxysmal SVT: atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia, atrioventricular reciprocating tachycardia, and Wolff-Parkinson White syndrome. Atrial arrhythmia mechanisms are also briefly outlined. It is meant to provide practical guidelines for the diagnosis and management of patients with SVT from infancy through adolescence.

[
Pediatr Ann
. 2021;50(3):e113–e120.]
Pediatric Complementary Medicine
Authors: Liu Amy
Published: April 2021

Complementary medicine is being used more broadly by many patients and physicians; however, little formal education has been provided on the topic. Given the prevalence of its use, pediatricians should have awareness of the options available as well as a certain level of comfort in counseling patients and families. This article aims to broaden knowledge on this topic as well as the evidence to support its use.

[
Pediatr Ann
. 2021;50(3):e91–e95.]
Cardiac Sequelae of COVID-19 in Children and Young Adults
Authors: Dobson Craig P.
Published: April 2021

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has a predilection to cardiac involvement. The early clinical phase, during viremia, may manifest as pericarditis, acute myocarditis, and sepsis-related cardiomyopathy. Delayed presentations, such as multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children, coronary artery dilation/aneurysms, and late myocarditis, may occur in the weeks after the acute infection. These delayed presentations commonly test negative for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 via polymerase chain reaction testing and are thought to be primarily postviral hyperinflammatory sequelae. The long-term consequences of cardiac involvement in COVID-19 are unknown. Most recommendations for cardiac management are based on known conditions that are similar. For example, coronary aneurysms can be managed under Kawasaki disease guidelines. Similarly, for patients with COVID-19 myocarditis, they can be cleared for sports under protocols for other types of myocarditis. There is concern for cardiac involvement as a subclinical entity even in more minor presentations. Several expert algorithms have been developed for clearing competition athletes to return to exercise. Sports clearance should be individualized considering the severity of disease, age of patient, and performance level of the sport.

[
Pediatr Ann
. 2021;50(3):e128–e135.]
Rapid Resolution of Presumed Vitreoretinal Lymphoma With Systemic Ibrutinib Therapy
Authors: Mathai Mariam , Fein Jordana Goren
Published: April 2021

Primary vitreoretinal lymphoma (PVRL) is a rare malignancy classified as a diffuse large B-cell lymphoma and is frequently found in conjunction with primary central nervous system lymphoma. Optimal treatment for PVRL is not defined given its relatively low incidence but often requires a combination of systemic and/or intravitreal methotrexate and rituximab. Survival rate for this disease is low, with high rates of recurrence despite treatment. The authors describe successful treatment of vitreoretinal lymphoma in a patient with recurrent disease with the use of the systemic agent ibrutinib.

[
Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina.
2021;52:227–230.]
Les passages circulaires d’une méthodologie croisée pour s’approcher d’un terrain de souvenirs.
Authors: Niemeyer Katharina , Siebert Olga , Silina Maria
Published: April 2021

L’ostalgie (Ost = Est en allemand) désigne différentes formes de nostalgie de l’ancienne République démocratique allemande. La recherche dont découle ce récit méthodologique critique vise à combler le manque d’études sur les communautés (n)ostalgiques en ligne en posant la question principale suivante : De quoi les personnes (n)ostalgiques de la RDA se souviennent-elles et comment négocient-elles leurs souvenirs dans les réseaux socio-numériques ? Depuis novembre 2018, nous analysons les publications qui expriment de la (n)ostalgie de l’ancienne RDA – que ce soit sur Facebook ou via l’usage du #ostalgie sur Instagram. Nos observations nous permettent d’identifier des personnes actives dans ces groupes afin de les inviter à des entrevues semi-dirigées dans leur village ou ville. L’objectif est ainsi de comprendre les enchevêtrements (n)ostalgiques « en et hors ligne » et de mieux saisir le lien que les personnes interviewées entretiennent avec leurs souvenirs, les objets du passé et leur articulation dans le monde du numérique. Cette approche nous amène à des passages circulaires entre les traces numériques et celles qui nous sont racontées sous forme de souvenirs. L’observation en ligne se présente comme une porte qui ouvre et ferme un terrain de recherche politiquement sensible.
Confinement et entretien à distance : quels enjeux méthodologiques ?
Authors: Theviot Anaïs
Published: April 2021

La première période de confinement en France, du 17 mars au 11 mai 2020, a demandé de repenser les méthodes de travail sur le plan pédagogique, mais aussi concernant la recherche, notamment pour des terrains éloignés géographiquement. À partir du 14 mars et sur décision du président américain Donald Trump, les frontières américaines étant fermées pour les voyageurs provenant d’Europe jusqu’à nouvel ordre, il a été nécessaire de reconfigurer les terrains d’enquête à l’étranger et d’adapter les méthodes en présentiel, telles que l’entretien semi-directif. J’ai donc réalisé des entretiens à distance sur Zoom, Skype, par téléphone et par chat sur Messenger. Opter pour des entretiens à distance demande de s’interroger et de repenser les modalités de prises de contact, de passation, d’enregistrement, de conduite de l’entretien, mais aussi le positionnement du chercheur et de l’enquêté. Comment se présenter soi-même, en tant que chercheuse, en ligne ? Quels sont les avantages et limites des outils de communication numérique pour réaliser des entretiens à distance ? Au-delà de l’outil technique, comment appréhender les spécificités de l’entretien à distance ? Comment le contexte de cette période de confinement joue-t-elle sur la conduite des entretiens à distance ? En définitive, un entretien à distance ne peut être appréhendé par l’enquêteur (et par l’enquêté) de la même façon qu’un entretien en face-à-face. Cet article vise à analyser les atouts et limites de cette méthode en ligne et d’interroger les spécificités propres à cette période de confinement pour l’enquête de terrain.
Une forme de construction du système d’information de gestion universitaire
Authors: MOCQUET Bertrand
Published: April 2021

L’arrivée de technologies numériques dans les organisations universitaires n’est pas récente. Plusieurs mouvements ont eu lieu depuis une trentaine d’années, le début de l’informatisation de la gestion des universités datant des années 1990. Cet article propose de faire un retour d’expériences entre 2016 et 2019 sur les modalités de construction des systèmes d’information de 180 universités et établissements français, effectuées par l’Agence de mutualisation des universités et établissements (Amue), par mutualisation et construction collective, communément appelé co-construction. Nous montrerons que la construction du SI actuelle repose sur la théorie de l’activité d’Engeström et que la communauté de pratique détient un rôle important dans la réussite de cette construction.
Viralité : la métaphore virale et ses limites
Authors: Roux Ugo
Published: April 2021

La métaphore virale s’est imposée comme vocable usuel, que ce soit dans les médias, dans la société, chez les professionnels de la communication ou encore dans la recherche, pour désigner une dynamique communicationnelle entraînant de nombreux partages d’objets culturels dans des temps réduites au sein des médias sociaux. Comme dans toute métaphore, on observe le déplacement de la signification d’un mot ou d’une expression vers une autre signification ; ici du domaine épidémiologique au domaine communicationnel. Mais ce transport de signification n’est pas exempt de limites qui peuvent affecter la compréhension des récepteurs de la métaphore. Cet article propose tout d’abord de revenir sur la création de la métaphore virale, puis de dégager les limites de celle-ci.
The Technical Efficiency of Small-scale Tea Plantation in Sri Lanka
Authors: Jeewanthi D.G.M. , Shantha A.A.
Published: April 2021

The tea smallholding sector is the leader in national tea production in Sri Lanka. However, it is believed that increasing profit is very difficult without increasing costly inputs, considering the high cost of production. This paper investigates the technical efficiency of smallholder tea farmers (STFs) in Sri Lanka by employing stochastic production frontier using a sample of 120 STFs. The results showed that the average technical efficiency of selected STFs is 78.44 per cent. This indicates that output can be further increased by 21.56 per cent without increasing the level of input. Gender and access to quality extension services were identified as the variables that have the greatest impact on technical efficiency. The results further showed the labour is the most important factor for tea production.