bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Changes in network centrality of psychopathology symptoms between the COVID-19 outbreak and after peak
Authors: Wang Yuanyuan , Hu Zhishan , Feng Yi , Wilson Amanda , Chen Runsen
Published: September 2020

The current study investigated the mechanism and changes in psychopathology symptoms throughout the COVID-19 outbreak and after peak. Two studies were conducted separately in China during outbreak and the after peak stages, with 2540 participants were recruited from February 6 to 16, 2020, and 2543 participants were recruited from April 25 to May 5, 2020. The network models were created to explore the relationship between psychopathology symptoms both within and across anxiety and depression, with anxiety measured by the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 and depression measured by the Patient Health Questionnaire-9. Symptom network analysis was conducted to evaluate network and bridge centrality, and the network properties were compared between the outbreak and after peak. Noticeably, psychomotor symptoms such as impaired motor skills, restlessness, and inability to relax exhibited high centrality during the outbreak, which still relatively high but showed substantial remission during after peak stage (in terms of strength, betweenness, or bridge centrality). Meanwhile, symptoms of irritability (strength, betweenness, or bridge centrality) and loss of energy (bridge centrality) played an important role in the network after the peak of the pandemic. This study provides novel insights into the changes in central features during the different COVID-19 stages and highlights motor-related symptoms as bridge symptoms, which could activate the connection between anxiety and depression. The results revealed that restrictions on movement were associated with worsen in psychomotor symptoms, indicating that future psychological interventions should target motor-related symptoms as priority.
Systems-based proteomics to resolve the biology of Alzheimer’s disease beyond amyloid and tau
Authors: Rayaprolu Sruti , Higginbotham Lenora , Bagchi Pritha , Watson Caroline M. , Zhang Tian , Levey Allan I. , Rangaraju Srikant , Seyfried Nicholas T.
Published: September 2020

The repeated failures of amyloid-targeting therapies have challenged our narrow understanding of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) pathogenesis and inspired wide-ranging investigations into the underlying mechanisms of disease. Increasing evidence indicates that AD develops from an intricate web of biochemical and cellular processes that extend far beyond amyloid and tau accumulation. This growing recognition surrounding the diversity of AD pathophysiology underscores the need for holistic systems-based approaches to explore AD pathogenesis. Here we describe how network-based proteomics has emerged as a powerful tool and how its application to the AD brain has provided an informative framework for the complex protein pathophysiology underlying the disease. Furthermore, we outline how the AD brain network proteome can be leveraged to advance additional scientific and translational efforts, including the discovery of novel protein biomarkers of disease.
Does insulin-like growth factor moderate the association between height and risk of cancer at 24 sites?
Authors: Parra-Soto Solange , Ho Frederick K. , Pell Jill P. , Celis-Morales Carlos
Published: September 2020

Background

Whether the association of height with cancers differs by insulin-like growth factors has not been fully elucidated. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the sex-specific associations between height and 24 site-specific cancers and to assess whether the association differed by IGF-1.

Methods

In total, 414,923 participants from the UK Biobank prospective cohort study were included. The association of height (per 5-cm increment) with incidence and mortality from 24 cancer sites was investigated by using Cox proportional hazard models.

Results

The median follow-up was 6.0 years. In men, height was positively associated with incidence risk of all-cause cancer and at five sites (lung, lymphatic, leukaemia, non-Hodgkin lymphoma and melanoma). In women, it was associated with breast, melanoma, lymphatic, non-Hodgkin lymphoma and all-cause cancer. The association was stronger in women than men for all-cause cancer incidence. The strength of the association did not differ by IGF-1 concentration.

Conclusions

Adult height was associated with risk of several cancer sites. However, some of these associations were sex-specific. There was no strong evidence to support IGF-1 moderating the association between height and cancer.
Author Correction: DNA methyltransferase DNMT3a contributes to neuropathic pain by repressing Kcna2 in primary afferent neurons
Authors: Zhao Jian-Yuan , Liang Lingli , Gu Xiyao , Li Zhisong , Wu Shaogen , Sun Linlin , Atianjoh Fidelis E. , Feng Jian , Mo Kai , Jia Shushan , Lutz Brianna Marie , Bekker Alex , Nestler Eric J. , Tao Yuan-Xiang
Published: September 2020

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.
Author Correction: Signatures of co-deregulated genes and their transcriptional regulators in colorectal cancer
Authors: Mastrogamvraki Natalia , Zaravinos Apostolos
Published: September 2020

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.
Ivabradine is as effective as metoprolol in the prevention of ventricular arrhythmias in acute non-reperfused myocardial infarction in the rat
Authors: Marciszek Mariusz , Paterek Aleksandra , Oknińska Marta , Mackiewicz Urszula , Mączewski Michał
Published: September 2020

Ventricular arrhythmias are a major source of early mortality in acute myocardial infarction (MI) and remain a major therapeutic challenge. Thus we investigated effects of ivabradine, a presumably specific bradycardic agent versus metoprolol, a β-blocker, at doses offering the same heart rate (HR) reduction, on ventricular arrhythmias in the acute non-reperfused MI in the rat. Immediately after MI induction a single dose of ivabradine/ metoprolol was given. ECG was continuously recorded and ventricular arrhythmias were analyzed. After 6 h epicardial monophasic action potentials (MAPs) were recorded and cardiomyocyte Ca2+ handling was assessed. Both ivabradine and metoprolol reduced HR by 17% and arrhythmic mortality (14% and 19%, respectively, versus 33% in MI, p < 0.05) and ventricular arrhythmias in post-MI rats. Both drugs reduced QTc prolongation and decreased sensitivity of ryanodine receptors in isolated cardiomyocytes, but otherwise had no effect on Ca2+ handling, velocity of conduction or repolarization. We did not find any effects of potential IKr inhibition by ivabradine in this setting. Thus Ivabradine is an equally effective antiarrhythmic agent as metoprolol in early MI in the rat. It could be potentially tested as an alternative antiarrhythmic agent in acute MI when β-blockers are contraindicated.
Exocyst components promote an incompatible interaction between Glycine max (soybean) and Heterodera glycines (the soybean cyst nematode)
Authors: Sharma Keshav , Niraula Prakash M. , Troell Hallie A. , Adhikari Mandeep , Alshehri Hamdan Ali , Alkharouf Nadim W. , Lawrence Kathy S. , Klink Vincent P.
Published: September 2020

Vesicle and target membrane fusion involves tethering, docking and fusion. The GTPaseSECRETORY4(SEC4) positions the exocyst complex during vesicle membrane tethering, facilitating docking and fusion.Glycine max(soybean) Sec4 functions in the root during its defense against the parasitic nematodeHeterodera glycinesas it attempts to develop a multinucleate nurse cell (syncytium) serving to nourish the nematode over its 30-day life cycle. Results indicate that other tethering proteins are also important for defense. TheG. maxexocyst is encoded by 61 genes: 5 EXOC1 (Sec3), 2 EXOC2 (Sec5), 5 EXOC3 (Sec6), 2 EXOC4 (Sec8), 2 EXOC5 (Sec10) 6 EXOC6 (Sec15), 31 EXOC7 (Exo70) and 8 EXOC8 (Exo84) genes. At least one member of each gene family is expressed within the syncytium during the defense response. Syncytium-expressed exocyst genes function in defense while some are under transcriptional regulation by mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs). The exocyst component EXOC7-H4-1 is not expressed within the syncytium but functions in defense and is under MAPK regulation. The tethering stage of vesicle transport has been demonstrated to play an important role in defense in theG. max-H. glycinespathosystem, with some of the spatially and temporally regulated exocyst components under transcriptional control by MAPKs.
A near-infrared fluorescent probe for ratiometric sensing of SO2 in cells and zebrafish
Authors: Lv Mengya , Zhang Yanhao , Fan Jiayi , Yang Yanyun , Chen Sheng , Liang Gaolin , Zhang Shusheng
Published: September 2020

SO2 sensing and imaging: the first near-infrared fluorescent probe Mito-HN with AIEE characteristics for ratiometric sensing of SO2 derivatives in vitro, in cells, and in zebrafish was rationally designed and synthesized.
Correction: Diagnosis of inaccessible infections using infrared microscopy of white blood cells and machine learning algorithms
Authors: Agbaria Adam H. , Beck Guy , Lapidot Itshak , Rich Daniel H. , Kapelushnik Joseph , Mordechai Shaul , Salman Ahmad , Huleihel Mahmoud
Published: September 2020

Correction for ‘Diagnosis of inaccessible infections using infrared microscopy of white blood cells and machine learning algorithms’ by Adam H. Agbaria et al., Analyst, 2020, DOI: 10.1039/D0AN00752H.
Unconventional magnetism in the high pressure ‘all transition metal’ double perovskite Mn2NiReO6
Authors: Solana-Madruga Elena , Alharbi Khalid N. , Herz Maria , Manuel Pascal , Attfield J. Paul
Published: September 2020

Mn2NiReO6 has an unusual rotation of Mn spins from 80 down to 42 K where a collapse in weak ferromagnetism evidences switching of the canted components.
Comment on “Extent of conjugation in diazonium-derived layers in molecular junction devices determined by experiment and modelling” by C. Van Dyck, A. J. Bergren, V. Mukundan, J. A. Fereiro and G. A. DiLabio, Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 2019, 21, 16762
Authors: McCreery Richard L. , Saxena Shailendra K. , Supur Mustafa , M. Tefashe Ushula
Published: September 2020

Misinterpretation of scanning tunnelling microscopy results and sampling error yielded incorrect conclusions about the flatness of a carbon electrode substrate used for molecular electronic devices.
Laboratory blueprints for interstellar searches of aromatic chiral molecules: rotational signatures of styrene oxide
Authors: Stahl Pascal , Arenas Benjamin E. , Domingos Sérgio R. , Fuchs Guido W. , Schnell Melanie , Giesen Thomas F.
Published: September 2020

A broadband high-resolution spectral analysis of the ground state, three vibrational normal modes, and isotopologues of styrene oxide between 2–330 GHz.
Magnetic compensation and critical behavior in spinel Co2TiO4
Authors: Liu Chaocheng , Kan Xucai , Liu Xiansong , Zhang Zhitao , Hu Jiyu
Published: September 2020

The special magnetic compensation behavior in Co2TiO4 is closely related to its anomalous spinel structure.
Chemodivergent reactions
Authors: Beletskaya Irina P. , Nájera Carmen , Yus Miguel
Published: September 2020

An important strategy for the efficient generation of diversity in molecular structures is the utilization of common starting materials in chemodivergent transformations.
Magnesium bis(amidinate) and bis(guanidinate) complexes: impact of the ligand backbone and bridging groups on the coordination behaviour
Authors: Rösch Andreas , Schreiner Simon H. F. , Schüler Philipp , Görls Helmar , Kretschmer Robert
Published: September 2020

By dealing with various bis(amidine)s or bis(guanidine)s and different magnesium sources, we got a full house of homoleptic complexes. However, the joker card showing a heteroleptic complex is waiting to be used.
Purity analysis for room-temperature semiconductor radiation detection material, CsPbBr3, using ICP-MS
Authors: Makanda Ulrich , Voinot Alexandre , Kandel Ramjee , Wu Yu , Leybourne Matthew , Wang Peng
Published: September 2020

An ICP-MS protocol has been adapted to the impurity analysis of potential radiation detector, CsPbBr3. The newly developed method was validated by conducting a series of spike-and-recovery experiments based on solution synthesized CsPbBr3.
Three decades of disparlure and analogue synthesis
Authors: Fernandes Rodney A. , Chandra Naveen , Gangani Ashvin J.
Published: September 2020

Diverse syntheses of disparlure and its stereoisomers and analogues encompassing various strategies are compiled in this perspective.
Does the way charges and transferred electrons are depicted in an oxidation–reduction animation affect students’ explanations?
Authors: Cole Martin H. , Fuller Dana K. , Sanger Michael J.
Published: September 2020

This study compares students’ explanations of the oxidation–reduction reaction between silver nitrate and copper metal after viewing a chemical demonstration and one of four different particulate-level computer animations. The animations differed in the way the ionic charges were depicted (shown or omitted) and the way the transferred electrons were depicted (as discrete “e−” particles or as fuzzy electron “halos” around the metal atoms). Students viewing animations explicitly showing the ion charges were better at determining the number of electrons gained by each silver ion and lost by each copper atom and wrote more correct balanced chemical equations for the reaction than students viewing animations with charges omitted. Compared to students who viewed animations depicting the transferred electrons as halos around the metal atoms, students viewing animations depicting transferred electrons as discrete particles provided better explanations for the number of electrons gained by the silver ions and lost by the copper atoms and the relative sizes of the silver/copper atoms and their respective cations. Based on comments from student interviews, it appears that several students did not know the proper charges of the silver, copper(ii), and nitrate ions and that animations showing ionic charges provided students with relevant visual information they could use to improve their pictorial models of the reaction, which led to improved student-generated balanced equations for this reaction. Student interview comments also suggested that animations depicting the transferred electrons as discrete particles provided more relevant visual images (the number of electrons being transferred between silver ions and copper atoms and the relative sizes of the metal atoms and their cations) that were not provided by animations depicting the transferred electrons as halos, and this led students to construct more accurate pictorial models of the oxidation–reduction reaction. The results of this study and previous research by our group suggest that, although showing or omitting water molecules in animations depicting simple oxidation–reduction reactions had little effect on students explanations of the oxidation–reduction process, showing ion charges and depicting transferred electrons as particles (instead of halos) led to significant improvement of students’ explanations of the oxidation–reduction process.
SUMO E3 ligase CBX4 regulates hTERT-mediated transcription of CDH1 and promotes breast cancer cell migration and invasion
Authors: Sanyal Sulagna , Mondal Payel , Sen Sabyasachi , Sengupta (Bandyopadhyay) Sumita , Das Chandrima
Published: September 2020

hTERT, the catalytic component of the human telomerase enzyme, is regulated by post-translational modifications, like phosphorylation and ubiquitination by multiple proteins which remarkably affects the overall activity of the enzyme. Here we report that hTERT gets SUMOylated by SUMO1 and polycomb protein CBX4 acts as the SUMO E3 ligase of hTERT. hTERT SUMOylation positively regulates its telomerase activity which can be inhibited by SENP3-mediated deSUMOylation. Interestingly, we have established a new role of hTERT SUMOylation in the repression of E-cadherin gene expression and consequent triggering on the epithelial-mesenchymal-transition (EMT) program in breast cancer cells. We also observed that catalytically active CBX4, leads to retention of hTERT/ZEB1 complex onto E-cadherin promoter leading to its repression through hTERT-SUMOylation. Further through wound healing and invasion assays in breast cancer cells, we showed the tumor promoting ability of hTERT was significantly compromised upon overexpression of SUMO-defective mutant of hTERT. Thus our findings establish a new post-translational modification of hTERT which on one hand is involved in telomerase activity maintenance and on the other hand plays a crucial role in the regulation of gene expression thereby promoting migration and invasion of breast cancer cells.
The thiol oxidation-based sensing and regulation mechanism for the OasR-mediated organic peroxide and antibiotic resistance in C. glutamicum
Authors: Si Meiru , Chen Can , Che Chengchuan , Liu Yang , Li Xiaona , Su Tao
Published: September 2020

Corynebacterium glutamicum, an important industrial and model microorganism, inevitably encountered stress environment during fermentative process. Therefore, the ability of C. glutamicum to withstand stress and maintain the cellular redox balance was vital for cell survival and enhancing fermentation efficiency. To robustly survive, C. glutamicum has been equipped with many types of redox sensors. Although cysteine oxidation-based peroxide-sensing regulators have been well described in C. glutamicum, redox sensors involving in multiple environmental stress response remained elusive. Here, we reported an organic peroxide- and antibiotic-sensing MarR (multiple antibiotics resistance regulators)-type regulator, called OasR (organic peroxide- and antibiotic-sensing regulator). The OasR regulator used Cys95 oxidation to sense oxidative stress to form S-mycothiolated monomer or inter-molecular disulfide-containing dimer, resulting in its dissociation from the target DNA promoter. Transcriptomics uncovered the strong up-regulation of many multidrug efflux pump genes and organic peroxide stress-involving genes in oasR mutant, consistent with the phenomenon that oasR mutant showed a reduction in sensitivity to antibiotic and organic peroxide. Importantly, the addition of stress-associated ligands such as cumene hydroperoxide and streptomycin induced oasR and multidrug efflux pump protein NCgl1020 expression in vivo. We speculated that cell resistance to antibiotics and organic peroxide correlated with stress response-induced up-regulation of genes expression. Together, the results revealed that OasR was a key MarR-type redox stress-responsive transcriptional repressor, and sensed oxidative stress generated through hydroxyl radical formation to mediate antibiotic resistance in C. glutamicum.
The Access to Literacy Assessment System for Phonological Awareness: An Adaptive Measure of Phonological Awareness Appropriate for Children With Speech and/or Language Impairment
Authors: Skibbe Lori E. , Bowles Ryan P. , Goodwin Sarah , Troia Gary A. , Konishi Haruka
Published: September 2020

Purpose

The Access to Literacy Assessment System–Phonological Awareness (ATLAS-PA) was developed for use with children with speech and/or language impairment. The subtests (Rhyming, Blending, and Segmenting) are appropriate for children who are 3–7 years of age. ATLAS-PA is composed entirely of receptive items, incorporates individualized levels of instruction, and is adaptive in nature.

Method

To establish the construct validity of ATLAS-PA, we collected data from children with typical development (n= 938) and those who have speech and/or language impairment (n= 227).

Results

Rasch analyses indicated that items fit well together and formed a unidimensional construct of phonological awareness. Differential item functioning was minimal between the two groups of children, and scores on ATLAS-PA were moderately to strongly related to other measures of phonological awareness. Information about item functioning was used to create an adaptive version of ATLAS-PA.

Conclusions

Findings suggest that ATLAS-PA is a valid measure of phonological awareness that can be used with children with typical development and with speech and/or language impairment. Its adaptive format minimizes testing time and provides opportunities for monitoring progress in preschool and early elementary classrooms.

Supplemental Material

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.12931691
Building Blocks of Knowledge: A Close Look at Prerequisite Coursework for Graduate Programs in Speech-Language Pathology
Authors: Sylvan Lesley , Brock Kris L. , Perkins Andrea , Garrett Jessica
Published: September 2020

Purpose

The purposes of this exploratory study were to examine the variability among prerequisite courses required by speech-language pathology graduate programs and to explore how faculty in leadership positions within graduate programs approach decision making about these courses.

Method

This research involved gathering data about the number and type of prerequisite course requirements from American Speech-Language-Hearing Association–accredited speech-language pathology master's degree programs (n= 272) and conducting interviews with a small sample of speech-language pathology department faculty (n= 12).

Results

The large majority of speech-language pathology graduate programs required the same four general education prerequisite courses. The number of prerequisite courses specific to communication sciences and disorders ranged from three to 17. The rationale for which and how many courses to include as prerequisites varied across programs. Issues related to student preparation and foundation for graduate coursework, the composition of the student body, administrative and logistical factors, and traditions and history of each program influenced how faculty made decisions regarding prerequisites.

Conclusion

While there is not a clear consensus across programs about the number and type of prerequisites necessary to start graduate school in speech-language pathology, most programs feel their ongoing decision making in this area has set up students within their own programs for successful outcomes.
Distribution of methanol and cyclopropenylidene around starless cores
Authors: Spezzano S. , Caselli P. , Pineda J. E. , Bizzocchi L. , Prudenzano D. , Nagy Z.
Published: September 2020

Context. The spatial distribution of molecules around starless cores is a powerful tool for studying the physics and chemistry governing the earliest stages of star formation.

Aims. Our aim is to study the chemical differentiation in starless cores to determine the influence of large-scale effects on the spatial distribution of molecules within the cores. Furthermore, we want to put observational constraints on the mechanisms responsible in starless cores for the desorption of methanol from the surface of dust grains where it is efficiently produced.

Methods. We mapped methanol, CH3OH, and cyclopropenylidene, c-C3H2, with the IRAM 30 m telescope in the 3 mm band towards six starless cores embedded in different environments, and in different evolutionary stages. Furthermore, we searched for correlations among physical properties of the cores and the methanol distribution.

Results. From our maps we can infer that the chemical segregation between CH3OH and c-C3H2 is driven by uneven illumination from the interstellar radiation field (ISRF). The side of the core that is more illuminated has more C atoms in the gas-phase and the formation of carbon-chain molecules like c-C3H2 is enhanced. Instead, on the side that is less exposed to the ISRF the C atoms are mostly locked in carbon monoxide, CO, the precursor of methanol.

Conclusions. We conclude that large-scale effects have a direct impact on the chemical segregation that we can observe at core scale. However, the non-thermal mechanisms responsible for the desorption of methanol in starless cores do not show any dependency on the H2 column density at the methanol peak.
Die Erfahrungen von Physiotherapeuten in der internationalen Freiwilligenarbeit im Ausland – Eine Analyse aus postkolonialer Perspektive
Authors: Kahler Rebecca , Probst Annette , Barth Cornelia A.
Published: September 2020

Hintergrund Physiotherapeutische Projekte in der internationalen Freiwilligenarbeit erfreuen sich in Deutschland immer größerer Beliebtheit. Es existiert jedoch kaum Wissen über die Erfahrungen von Physiotherapeuten in solchen Freiwilligenprojekten.

Ziel Unter Berücksichtigung der postkolonialen Theorien wurde ermittelt, wie deutsche Physiotherapeuten retrospektiv über ihr Erleben der Projektarbeit und deren Nachwirkungen auf ihr (Berufs-)Leben berichten und inwieweit die (Re-)Produktion kolonialer Machtstrukturen darin deutlich wird.

Methode Drei Physiotherapeutinnen – ehemalige Freiwillige (Ghana, Nepal, Vietnam, Ruanda) – wurden mittels episodischer Interviews befragt. Der Feldzugang erfolgte über Freiwilligenorganisationen, Hochschulen und soziale Medien. Die Datenauswertung erfolgte mittels Situationsanalyse nach Clarke und der Grounded Theory.

Ergebnisse Die Freiwilligen erlebten sich in einem Spannungsfeld zwischen der Selbsteinschätzung ihrer fachlichen Kompetenzen, den Erwartungshaltungen von Projektmitarbeitern und Patienten sowie der erfahrenen Projektrealität. Dieses Spannungsfeld ist u. a. auf das Vorhandensein sowie die (Re-)Produktion kolonialer Machtstrukturen zurückzuführen, die in unterschiedlichem Maße von den Freiwilligen wahrgenommen und reflektiert wurden. Die Einsätze wurden dennoch als bedeutsam für die persönliche und berufliche Weiterentwicklung von den Freiwilligen wahrgenommen.

Schlussfolgerung Es zeigt sich, dass koloniale Machtstrukturen zu widersprüchlichen Erwartungen sowohl bei den befragten Physiotherapeuten als auch bei den lokalen Partnern führen. Künftig wäre es sinnvoll, ein Bewusstsein für koloniale Machtstrukturen zu schaffen, eine bessere fachliche Vorbereitung der Freiwilligen zu gewährleisten und Austauschmodelle generell zu überarbeiten.
Prädiktive Faktoren für die zentrale Sensibilisierung bei Patienten mit Low Back Pain
Authors: Mattes-Endreß Helga
Published: September 2020

Bei den pathophysiologischen Mechanismen der zentralen Sensitivierung ist die Sensibilität des ZNS auf einen normalen oder unterschwelligen afferenten Input gesteigert. Dieser Vorgang ist ein potenzieller Mechanismus, der einer Gruppe chronischer Krankheitsbilder unterliegt (Fibromyalgie, Kiefergelenkbeschwerden, Reizdarmsyndrom, Spannungskopfschmerz, andauernde Nacken- und Rückenschmerzen).

Aufgrund eines fehlenden Goldstandards für den diagnostischen Prozess war das Ziel dieser Literatursuche, prädiktive Faktoren für eine zentrale Sensibilisierung bei Patienten mit Rückenschmerzen zu identifizieren. Die Recherche nach relevanter Literatur fand in den Datenbanken PubMed, PEDro, CINAHL und Sport Discus statt. Zehn selektierte Arbeiten wiesen auf verschiedene Faktoren für die Bestimmung der zentralen Sensitivierung sowie drei mögliche Klassifizierungssysteme hin.
Am Anfang war der Fuß
Authors: Heel Christian
Published: September 2020

Vier Millionen Jahre Entwicklung stecken im Design des Fußes. Dementsprechend ausgeklügelt ist sein System. Die Untersuchung und Therapie sollten aber nicht am Fuß stecken bleiben, da gerade das Zusammenspiel von Hüfte und Fuß für eine optimale Funktion entscheidend sein kann.
Einfluss der passiven Nackenflexion während neurodynamischer Testungen auf die muskuläre Rekrutierung der unteren Extremität
Authors: Maliszewski Kevin , Snowdon David , von Piekartz Harry , Möller Dirk
Published: September 2020

Eine Nackenflexion beeinflusst nachweislich die Mechanosensibilität von neurodynamischen Testungen der unteren Extremität. In der Literatur wird diskutiert, ob sich dieses Phänomen durch eine erhöhte (intraneurale) Spannung des Nervengewebes und/oder einen protektiven Reflexmechanismus des motorischen Systems erklären lässt. Bislang konnte kein protektiver Mechanismus in Form einer modifizierten muskulären Rekrutierung als mechanosensibler Parameter zwischen der passiven Nackenflexion und der unteren Extremität gemessen werden.

Alle in diese Querschnittsstudie eingeschlossenen 30 asymptomatischen, männlichen Probanden führten den neurodynamischen Straight-Leg-Raise-Test und Slump-Test durch. Um einen möglichen Einfluss der passiven Nackenflexion auf die muskuläre Rekrutierung der unteren Extremität festzustellen, wurden während dieser sensibilisierenden Bewegung die muskuläre Rekrutierung und das Bewegungsausmaß mittels Elektromyografie und Inertialsensorik (kinematische Messtechnik) gemessen.

Die Studienergebnisse bestätigten einen segmentübergreifenden Einfluss der passiven Nackenflexion auf die muskuläre Rekrutierung der unteren Extremität. Deren Muster deuten möglicherweise auf einen protektiven muskulären Mechanismus in endgradigen neurodynamischen Positionen hin.
Wissen über Adaptationsprozesse von Sehnen inkomplett
Authors: Vielitz Arne
Published: September 2020

Docking SI, Cook J. How Do Tendons Adapt? Going Beyond Tissue Responses to Understand Positive Adaptation and Pathology Development: A Narrative Review. Musculoskelet Neuronal Interact 2019; 19: 300–310. PMID: 31475937 PMCID: PMC6737558
Diffuse Leptomeningeal Glioneuronal Tumor in a 4.5-year-old Girl: A Case Report and Review of the Literature
Authors: Gabryś Anna , Kuzaj Julia , Pawełczak Dominika , Seliga Katarzyna , Jelińska Agnieszka , Tysarowski Andrzej , Grajkowska Wiesława , Kwiatkowski Stanisław
Published: September 2020

Diffuse leptomeningeal glioneuronal tumor (DLGNT) is an entity introduced in 2016 World Health Organization classification of tumors of the central nervous system. The tumor occurs very rarely. Due to the lack of specific clinical and radiological features, biopsy is necessary to be performed and histological and immunohistochemical testing is essential to reach the diagnosis. A 4.5-year-old girl presented with a history of headache, vomiting, and right eye convergent squint. Imaging revealed multiple enhancing lesions located supra- and infratentorially and intramedullary. Histopathological examination demonstrated diffused growth of neoplastic cells. Molecular testing revealed KIAA1549-BRAF fusion and the diagnosis of DLGNT was stated.
A Cross-Sectional Study of 0.6 Million Children with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder in the United States
Authors: Rethemiotaki Irene
Published: September 2020

Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is an increasingly recognized chronic neurodevelopmental disorder. This work aims at studying the prevalence and clinical characteristics of children with ADHD in the United States in the period between 2009 and 2018. Data from the National Health Interview Survey were analyzed by univariate and multivariate statistics to assess the role of socioeconomic factors in the development of ADHD. It has been studied 615,608 children, 51.2% male and 48.7% female. The prevalence of ADHD was 9.13%, with males predominating over females. The number of children with ADHD increased from 2009 to 2018 by 14.8%. As specified by multiple logistic regression analysis, males (odds ratio [OR] 2.38) who have neither mother nor father (OR 1.76) are twice as likely to have ADHD compared with their peers. In addition, family income (OR 1.40) and parent's education (OR 1.12) were significantly associated with ADHD. It has been highlighted the significance of deprivation of both family and financial comfort as primary indicators for ADHD in children. Moreover, children with ADHD were more likely to be males in the age group of 12 to 17.
Epsilon near-zero all-optical terahertz modulator
Authors: Alvear-Cabezón E. , Taliercio T. , Blin S. , Smaali R. , Gonzalez-Posada F. , Baranov A. , Teissier R. , Centeno E.
Published: September 2020

We propose an efficient optically actuated THz modulator based on an ultrathin epsilon-near-zero (ENZ) slab photogenerated in an InAs semiconductor. We experimentally demonstrate a modulation depth of 90% at 1 THz obtained with a continuous laser at irradiation lower than 10 W cm−2. Beyond the strong attenuation of the THz transmission provided by the ENZ absorption effect, we also report a broadband modulation of the THz waves from 1 to 10 THz. In addition, our experimental results show that the cut-off frequency of 3 dB attains 2 MHz in the dynamic modulation regime.
A novel, magnetically driven convergent Richtmyer–Meshkov platform
Authors: Knapp P. F. , Martin M. R. , Yager-Elorriaga D. , Porwitzky A. J. , Doss F. W. , Shipley G. A. , Jennings C. A. , Ruiz D. E. , Byvank T. , Kuranz C. C. , Myers C. E. , Dolan D. H. , Cochrane K. , Schollmeier M. , Smith I. C. , Mattsson T. R. , Jones B. M. , Peterson K. , Schwarz J. , McBride R. D. , Flicker D. G. , Sinars D. B.
Published: September 2020

In this paper, we introduce a novel experimental platform for the study of the Richtmyer–Meshkov instability in a cylindrically converging geometry using a magnetically driven cylindrical piston. Magnetically driven solid liner implosions are used to launch a shock into a liquid deuterium working fluid and, ultimately, into an on-axis rod with a pre-imposed perturbation. The shock front trajectory is tracked through the working fluid and up to the point of impacting the rod through the use of on axis photonic Doppler velocimetry. This configuration allows for precise characterization of the shock state as it impacts the perturbed rod interface. Monochromatic x-ray radiography is used to measure the post-shock interface evolution and rod density profile. The ALEGRA MHD model is used to simulate the dynamics of the experiment in one dimension. We show that late in time the perturbation growth becomes non-linear as evidenced by the observation of high-order harmonics, up to n = 5. Two dimensional simulations performed using a combination of the GORGON MHD code and the xRAGE radiation hydrodynamics code suggest that the late time non-linear growth is modified by convergence effects as the bubbles and spikes experience differences in the pressure of the background flow.
Design of a source–detector array for dual-slope diffuse optical imaging
Authors: Blaney Giles , Sassaroli Angelo , Fantini Sergio
Published: September 2020

We recently proposed a dual-slope technique for diffuse optical spectroscopy and imaging of scattering media. This technique requires a special configuration of light sources and optical detectors to create dual-slope sets. Here, we present methods for designing, optimizing, and building an optical imaging array that features m dual-slope sets to image n voxels. After defining the m × n matrix (S) that describes the sensitivity of the m dual-slope measurements to absorption perturbations in each of the n voxels, we formulate the inverse imaging problem in terms of the Moore–Penrose pseudoinverse matrix of S (S+). This approach allows us to introduce several measures of imaging performance: reconstruction accuracy (correct spatial mapping), crosstalk (incorrect spatial mapping), resolution (point spread function), and localization (offset between actual and reconstructed point perturbations). Furthermore, by considering the singular value decomposition formulation, we show the significance of visualizing the first m right singular vectors of S, whose linear combination generates the reconstructed map. We also describe methods to build a physical array using a three-layer mesh structure (two polyethylene films and polypropylene hook-and-loop fabric) embedded in silicone (PDMS). Finally, we apply these methods to design two arrays and choose one to construct. The chosen array consists of 16 illumination fibers, 10 detection fibers, and 27 dual-slope sets for dual-slope imaging optimized for the size of field of view and localization of absorption perturbations. This particular array is aimed at functional near-infrared spectroscopy of the human brain, but the methods presented here are of general applicability to a variety of devices and imaging scenarios.
Influence of variable Ca-doping on the critical current density of low-angle grain boundaries in YBa2Cu3O7−d
Authors: Kim Sang-il , Larbalestier David C.
Published: September 2020

The rapid decrease in the critical current density Jc with grain boundary (GB) misorientation angle θ strongly limits the current-carrying capability of yttrium–barium–copper-oxide (YBCO), and the residual low-angle GB distribution is the most important current-limiting mechanism in biaxially textured YBCO coated conductors. To deepen the understanding of the Ca doping in low-angle GBs in YBCO, transport characteristics of low-angle GBs in YBa2Cu3O7−d bicrystals with different Ca contents x (Y1−xCaxBa2Cu3O7−d) were examined to verify the influence of the carrier density at the GB due to the Ca doping level. Y1−xCaxBa2Cu3O7−d (x = 0, 0.10, 0.15, and 0.30) epitaxial films were deposited by pulsed laser deposition on single crystal SrTiO3 (STO) substrates and 7° and 9° symmetric [001]-tilt bicrystal STO substrates. We found that 15% Ca doping was the most effective at increasing the Jc behavior across the 7° GB in intermediate fields, completely eliminating the GB dissipation signature in the V–I characteristics. For the 9° GB, 10% Ca doping yielded the highest depairing current Jd across the GB, calculated from the flux flow resistivity, even though a significant GB dissipation signature remained in the V–I curves.
On the importance of hexagonal phases in TM (TM = Ti, Zr, and Hf) mono-nitrides
Authors: Arango-Ramirez Mateo , Vargas-Calderon Alejandra , Garay-Tapia Andres M.
Published: September 2020

Phase transitions are an important topic in the understanding of the properties of IVb group mono-nitrides (IVbTMNs) and their applications. Until now, only structural phase transitions concerning cubic phases that are far away from the ground state have been reported. However, previous reports have suggested a possible transformation to the Bk(BN-type) hexagonal phase as well. With this in mind, this work aims to study the stability of phase transitions involving hexagonal phases. Here, we perform a complete theoretical study based on the density functional theory approach of the crystal and vibrational and electronic structures of several phases for IVbTMN (TM = Ti, Zr, and Hf) compounds. Among these, the hexagonal phases are known to be stable in the V−VITMN homologous systems. Our study reveals the existence of a new pressure-induced phase transformation at the compression regime from B1 (Nacl-type) to Bi (AsTi-type) for ZrN and from B1 to Bk at the expansion regime for all IVbTMN. In addition, we have found that hexagonal Bi, Bk, and trigonal LiSnS2-type phases are close to the ground state and are dynamically stable. However, the metal weight plays a crucial role in the stability of hexagonal phases. The stability of the Bi and Bk hexagonal phases is important since they might represent intermediate states in the cubic B1 to B4 phase transition of the alloyed IVbTMN.
Investigation of the low-energy stereodynamics in the Ne(3P2) + N2, CO reactions
Authors: Zou Junwen , Osterwalder Andreas
Published: September 2020

We report on an experimental investigation of the low-energy stereodynamics of the energy transfer reactions Ne(3P2) + X, producing Ne(1S) + X+ and [Ne–X]+ (X = N2 or CO). Collision energies in the range 0.2 K–700 K are obtained by using the merged beam technique. Two kinds of product ions are generated by Penning and associative ionization, respectively. The intermediate product [Ne–X]+ in vibrationally excited states can predissociate into bare ions (X+). The experimental ratio of the NeX+ and X+ product ion yields is similar for both molecules at high collision energies but diverge at collision energies below 100 K. This difference is explained by the first excited electronic state of the product ions, which is accessible in the case of CO but lies too high in energy in the case of N2.
Control of inter-layer synchronization by multiplexing noise
Authors: Vadivasova T. E. , Slepnev A. V. , Zakharova A.
Published: September 2020

We study the synchronization of spatio–temporal patterns in a two-layer network of coupled chaotic maps, where each layer is represented by a nonlocally coupled ring. In particular, we focus on noisy inter-layer communication that we call multiplexing noise. We show that noisy modulation of inter-layer coupling strength has a significant impact on the dynamics of the network and specifically on the degree of synchronization of spatio–temporal patterns of interacting layers initially (in the absence of interaction) exhibiting chimera states. Our goal is to develop control strategies based on multiplexing noise for both identical and non-identical layers. We find that for the appropriate choice of intensity and frequency characteristics of parametric noise, complete or partial synchronization of the layers can be observed. Interestingly, for achieving inter-layer synchronization through multiplexing noise, it is crucial to have colored noise with intermediate spectral width. In the limit of white noise, the synchronization is destroyed. These results are the first step toward understanding the role of noisy inter-layer communication for the dynamics of multilayer networks.
Automated feeding of sheep. 1. Changes in feeding behaviour in response to restricted and ad libitum feeding
Authors: Behrendt R. , Muir S.K. , Moniruzzaman M. , Kearney G. , Knight M.I.
Published: September 2020

Context
Automated feeding units allow the recording of individual feeding behaviour of group-housed sheep and provide data for research into feed efficiency.

Aim
It was hypothesised that measures of feeding behaviour such as the number of non-feeding events, meal size, eating rate and meal duration would change under different levels of feeding.

Method
Maternal Composite ewes (n = 126, 18 per pen) were fed a hay-based pellet using automated feeding units (2 per pen) for four periods differing in total daily feed allowance (kg/day) and meal allowance (g/meal). Sheep were initially fed ad libitum (meal allowance ~1000 g) for 19 days during an adaptation period, before restricted feeding for 41 days at daily allowances of 40%, 60%, 80%, 100%, 140% and 180% of estimated maintenance requirements, with a meal allowance of ~100 g. These restricted daily allowances were the experimental treatments that were randomly applied to sheep and replicated three times per pen. The daily allowance was then adjusted to 1.4 kg/day (with a ~200 g meal allowance) for all sheep over 5 days, before ad libitum feeding of all sheep for a period of 16 days. All feeding and non-feeding events were recorded.

Key results
Under restricted feeding, sheep altered the timing of their meals to consume more meals during the early morning after daily allowances were reset at 0000 hours. This change was more pronounced for sheep fed a smaller proportion of maintenance. The number of non-feeding events (~8/day) was not affected by the level of restricted feeding, but meal size was smaller, meal duration was longer and eating rate was lower for sheep fed 40% of their maintenance requirement. Under ad libitum feeding, sheep reverted to a preferred meal size and number of meals, with fewer than two non-feeding events per day, but differences in eating rate remained.

Conclusions
Sheep feeding behaviours adapt and respond quickly to changes in daily allowance and offered meal size, but the similar number of non-feeding events at different proportions of maintenance feeding suggest that non-feeding events may not reflect levels of hunger.

Implications
Our observations suggest that sheep are capable of learning and adapting to different levels of feeding and that this may allow for automated feeding systems to supplementary feed larger numbers of sheep under extensive situations.
CaPSY1 gene plays likely the key role in carotenoid metabolism of pepper (Capsicum annuum) at ripening
Authors: Wei Xiaochun , Meng Chunyang , Yuan Yuxiang , Nath Ujjal Kumar , Zhao Yanyan , Wang Zhiyong , Yang Shuangjuan , Li Lin , Niu Liujing , Yao Qiuju , Wei Fang , Zhang Xiaowei
Published: September 2020

Phytoene synthase (PSY) is the first committed enzyme in carotenoid biosynthesis, which plays important role in ripen fruit colour. However, the roles of CaPSY genes are not explained detail in ripen pepper fruit colour. In this study, three CaPSY genes (CaPSY1, CaPSY2 and CaPSY3) were identified through basic local alignment search tool (BLAST) in pepper genome. Among them, CaPSY1 was predicted as putative candidate based on relative expression values using five developmental stages of fruit in Zunla-1 cultivar and also in ripen fruits of five contrasting pepper lines. The CaPSY1 was characterised functionally through virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) in ripen fruits and overexpression in Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh. Silencing of CaPSY1 gene altered colour with increased lutein and decreased zeaxanthin content in pepper fruits. The transgenic Arabidopsis line CaPSY1 gene showed higher expression of PSY1 gene compared with WT and dwarf phenotype due to reduction of GA3 (gibberellic acid) and higher abscisic acid (ABA) content. Our results confirmed that CaPSY1 gene involved in carotenoid metabolism in ripen pepper fruit and provide clue to develop bright red coloured pepper lines through breeding.
David Mellor at the California Institute of Technology, 1937–8, the beginnings of Australian magnetochemistry
Authors: Baker Anthony T.
Published: September 2020

David Paver Mellor (1903–80) was a physical inorganic chemist of significant influence in coordination chemistry and chemical education in Australia. He retired in 1970 after a brief appointment as dean of the Faculty of Science at the University of New South Wales, having been head of the School of Chemistry there for more than a decade. Mellor had been appointed to the staff of the University of Sydney in 1929 and was one of the first Australians to use X-ray diffraction techniques for the determination of crystal structures. In 1936 he applied for a year of leave to work with Linus Pauling at the California Institute of Technology, particularly to learn more about crystal structure analysis. On sabbatical leave he spent a period of one year across 1937–8 in California where he carried out work on X-ray diffraction in Linus Pauling’s laboratory. Two 1939 articles in Zeitschrift für Kristallographie appeared under his sole authorship as contributions from the California Institute of Technology. Perhaps more significantly, he published a 1938 Journal of the American Chemical Society paper with Charles D. Coryell on the magnetic properties of manganese(II) and cobalt(II) dipyridine chlorides. Mellor returned to Australia fired with enthusiasm for magnetochemistry. He built a magnetic balance and published many papers on the magnetic properties of coordination compounds with collaborators and students. Australian coordination chemistry has a strong tradition in magnetochemistry and that tradition started with Mellor’s work at the University of Sydney.
Translation of the Words of ʿAli b. Abi Tālib in Early Fourteenth-Century Iran: A Local Bilingual Network
Authors: Marlow Louise
Published: September 2020

The late Ilkhanid period saw a florescence of intellectual and cultural production in northwestern and west-central Iran. This article argues that a regional network with its center at Isfahan contributed to this creativity through the production of translation-adaptations between Arabic and Persian. In a period of episodic sectarian tensions, especially in the wake of Öljeytü’s efforts to declare Twelver Shiʿism the official religion of parts of ʿIraq-e ʿAjam, this local network produced a set of five bilingual treatments of parts of the literary legacy of ʿAli b. Abi Tālib (d. 40/661). The article argues that the authors and copyists of these texts sought, through their focus on the figure of ʿAli and their exploration of the ambiguities facilitated by bilingual composition, to expand a non-sectarian middle-ground.