bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Factors Affecting the Intervention of Health-Care Professionals in Radiological Events: A Systematic Review
Authors: Dağ Nihal , Çalışkan Cüneyt , Koçak Hüseyin , Demir Gülcan , Çelebi İsmet
Published: March 2023

This research aims to explore the factors affecting the intervention of health-care professionals regarding a radiological event and to determine what actions they cause. In line with the keywords determined, a search was conducted on Cochrane, Scopus, Web of Science, and PubMed until March 2022. Eighteen peer-reviewed articles that met the inclusion criteria were reviewed. This systematic review was conducted using the PICOS and PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses)guidelines. Of the 18 studies included in the study, 8 were cross-sectional studies, 7 were descriptive studies, 2 were interventional studies, and 1 was a systematic review. As a result of the qualitative analysis, 7 factors affecting the intervention of health-care professionals in a radiological event were identified as follows: rarity of the event; inadequacy of health-care professionals against the radiological event; sensory responses; dilemma and ethical concern; communication, workload; and other factors. The most important factor affecting the intervention of health-care professionals in a radiological event is inadequate education about a radiological event, which influences the formation of other factors. These and other factors cause actions such as delayed treatment, death, and disruption of health services. Further studies are needed on the factors affecting the intervention of health-care professionals.
The State of the Records of the Federation Union of Black Artists at the Johannesburg Art Gallery: An Overview
Authors: Maaba Brown
Published: March 2023

In this paper, the author asserts that the Johannesburg Art Gallery has also done remarkably well in preserving archival material in the field of black visual art. Such documents shed light on the operations of the visual art industry in South Africa before the democratic dispensation of 1994. He argues that heritage practitioners, artists, and scholars can immensely enhance their knowledge through study of these records. The author also thinks that it is crucial for this unique collection to be digitized for preservation and access.
Association between in situ steroids and spine surgical site infections among instrumented procedures
Authors: Lee James E. , Stewart Kathleen O. , Swain Jessica L. , Bond Evalina , Calderwood Michael S. , Kim Justin J.
Published: March 2023

Objective:

To estimate the association between in situ steroids and spine surgical-site infections (SSIs), assessing spinal instrumentation as an effect modifier and adjusting for confounders.

Design:

Case–control study.

Setting:

Rural academic medical center.

Participants:

We identified 1,058 adults undergoing posterior fusion and laminectomy procedures as defined by the National Healthcare Safety Network without a pre-existing SSI between January 2020 and December 2021. We identified 26 SSI as cases and randomly selected 104 controls from the remaining patients without SSI.

Methods:

The primary exposure was the intraoperative administration of methylprednisolone in situ (ie, either in the wound bed or as an epidural injection). The primary outcome was a clinical diagnosis of SSI within 6 months of a patient’s first spine surgery at our facility. We quantified the association between the exposure and outcome using logistic regression, using a product term to assess for effect modification by spinal instrumentation and the change-in-estimate approach to select significant confounders.

Results:

Adjusting for Charlson comorbidity index and malignancy, in situ steroids were significantly associated with spine SSI relative to no in situ steroids for instrumented procedures (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 9.93; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.54–64.0), but they were not associated with spine SSIs among noninstrumented procedures (aOR, 0.86; 95% CI, 0.15–4.93).

Conclusions:

In situ steroids were significantly associated with spine SSI among instrumented procedures. The benefits of in situ steroids for pain management following spine surgery should be weighed against the risk of SSI, especially for instrumented procedures.
We Charge Vaccine Apartheid?
Authors: Sirleaf Matiangai
Published: March 2023

Vaccine apartheid is creating conditions that make for premature death, poverty, and disease in racialized ways. Invoking vaccine apartheid as opposed to euphemisms like vaccine nationalism, is necessary to highlight the racialized distributional consequences of vaccine inequities witnessed with COVID-19. This commentary clarifies the concept of vaccine apartheid against the historical and legal usage of apartheid. It reflects on the connections and important disjunctions between the two. It places the intellectual property regime under heightened scrutiny for reform and transformation. This commentary finds that drawing on the intersections between a human rights and health justice approach can provide creative and novel approaches for anti-subordination. It concludes that acknowledging and naming the structural injustice of vaccine apartheid is only the first step towards providing redress.
Data Sharing to Combat Segregation
Authors: Anderson Courtney Lauren
Published: March 2023

Data sharing between housing and education agencies will provide housing agencies with resources to assist them with efforts to decrease segregation and mitigate the adverse health outcomes experienced by people of color. The Fair Housing Act has the potential to fulfill its original integrationist purpose if housing and education agencies combine resources and data to create and implement fair housing plans. The Biden Administration’s restored rule to affirmatively further fair housing pursuant to the Fair Housing Act of 1968 which seeks to reduce segregation and increase housing equity. However, it omits most of the processes set forth by the Obama Administration whereby federal agencies provide the proper tools to housing agencies so that they are able to make data-based decisions about housing policies. This article advocates for the sharing of data between housing and education agencies to optimize the positive impact of fair housing not only within housing, but also on the education, employment, and health opportunities for communities of color.
Critical Perspectives to Advance Educational Equity and Health Justice
Authors: Cannon Yael , Tuchinda Nicole
Published: March 2023

A robust body of research supports the centrality of K-12 education to health and well-being. Critical perspectives, particularly Critical Race Theory (CRT) and Dis/ability Critical Race Studies (DisCrit), can deepen and widen health justice’s exploration of how and why a range of educational inequities drive health disparities. The CRT approaches of counternarrative storytelling, race consciousness, intersectionality, and praxis can help scholars, researchers, policymakers, and advocates understand the disparate negative health impacts of education law and policy on students of color, students with disabilities, and those with intersecting identities. Critical perspectives focus upon and strengthen the necessary exploration of how structural racism, ableism, and other systemic barriers manifest in education and drive health disparities so that these barriers can be removed.
Assessing the Governance of Digital Contact Tracing in Response to COVID-19: Results of a Multi-National Study
Authors: Hutler Brian , Blasimme Alessandro , Gur-Arie Rachel , Ali Joseph , Barnhill Anne , Hood Amelia , Kahn Jeffrey , Perkins Nancy L. , Regenberg Alan , Vayena Effy
Published: March 2023

This paper describes the results of a multi-country survey of governance approaches for the use of digital contact tracing (DCT) in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. We argue that the countries in our survey represent two distinct models of DCT governance, both of which are flawed. The “data protection model” emphasizes privacy protections at the expense of public health benefit, while the “emergency response model” sacrifices transparency and accountability, prompting concerns about excessive governance surveillance. The ethical and effective use of DCT in the future requires a new governance approach that is better suited to this novel use of mobile phone data to promote public health.”
An Examination of the Ethical and Legal Limits in Implementing “Traceback Testing” for Deceased Patients
Authors: Martucci Jessica , Prado Yolanda , Rope Alan F. , Weinmann Sheila , White Larissa , Zepp Jamilyn , Henrikson Nora B. , Feigelson Heather Spencer , Hunter Jessica Ezzell , Lee Sandra Soo-Jin
Published: March 2023

This paper examines the legal and ethical aspects of traceback testing, a process in which patients who have been previously diagnosed with ovarian cancer are identified and offered genetic testing so that their family members can be informed of their genetic risk and can also choose to undergo testing. Specifically, this analysis examines the ethical and legal limits in implementing traceback testing in cases when the patient is deceased and can no longer consent to genetic testing.
A Critique of Expertise for Health Law
Authors: Ahmed Aziza
Published: March 2023

A health justice approach requires a progressive critique of expertise. This article considers two recent high-profile cases – the mask mandate and medication abortion -- to understand how we should think the mobilization of expertise in the context of public health law. Following from this, the article offers news ways to better understand how to think of the relationship between health law, expertise, and politics.
THEORIES WITH DISTAL SHELAH EXPANSIONS
Authors: BOXALL GARETH , KESTNER CHARLOTTE
Published: March 2023

We show that a complete first-order theory T is distal provided it has a model M such that the theory of the Shelah expansion of M is distal.
Legislative Quotas and the Gender Gap in Campaign Finance: The Case of the 2014 and 2018 Legislative Elections in Colombia
Authors: Maddens Bart , Muyters Gertjan , Put Gert-Jan
Published: March 2023

Earlier empirical research on party list proportional representation systems shows that women spend less on campaigns than men, particularly when quotas are applied. An analysis of the candidate campaign expenses for the 2014 and 2018 Colombian Lower Chamber elections provides a novel test of this gender gap and its underlying causes. The research design leverages Colombia’s unique context of electoral institutions, with interdistrict variation in terms of quota rules, and the availability of detailed information on campaign spending and funding. The regression models show that the gender gap in campaign spending is limited to districts with quota rules and disappears among incumbents and candidates listed first on the ballot. As for funding, women candidates are most disadvantaged with regard to personal funds and corporate donations but attract as many individual donations as men do.
Is the expression of agonistic behaviour precipitated by the pandemic events?
Authors: Russo Claudio , Marsico Giuseppina
Published: March 2023

In the aftermath of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, and in due course for a full recovery to reduce the health burden and complications of the disease, the public discussion has moved from a pandemic slowdown to a more monitoring-based approach in public health. Stay-at-home rules, quarantine requirements for the infected ones, along with local lockdowns and social distancing measures around the planet have shown how vulnerable could be the ties between one’s demographic origins, morbidity and mortality.
Topic Classification for Political Texts with Pretrained Language Models
Authors: Wang Yu
Published: March 2023

Supervised topic classification requires labeled data. This often becomes a bottleneck as high-quality labeled data are expensive to acquire. To overcome the data scarcity problem, scholars have recently proposed to use cross-domain topic classification to take advantage of preexisting labeled datasets. Cross-domain topic classification only requires limited annotation in the target domain to verify its cross-domain accuracy. In this letter, we propose supervised topic classification with pretrained language models as an alternative. We show that language models fine-tuned with 70% of the small annotated dataset in the target corpus could outperform models trained using large cross-domain datasets by 27% and that models fine-tuned with 10% of the annotated dataset could already outperform the cross-domain classifiers. Our models are competitive in terms of training time and inference time. Researchers interested in supervised learning with limited labeled data should find our results useful. Our code and data are publicly available.1
In vivo and in silico comparison analyses of Cry toxin activities toward the sugarcane giant borer
Authors: Fonseca Fernando Campos de Assis , Antonino José Dijair , de Moura Stéfanie Menezes , Rodrigues-Silva Paolo Lucas , Macedo Leonardo Lima Pepino , Gomes Júnior José Edílson , Lourenço-Tessuti Isabela Tristan , Lucena Wagner Alexandre , Morgante Carolina Viana , Ribeiro Thuanne Pires , Monnerat Rose Gomes , Rodrigues Magali Aparecida , Cuccovia Iolanda Midea , Mattar Silva Maria Cristina , Grossi-de-Sa Maria Fatima
Published: March 2023

The sugarcane giant borer, Telchin licus licus, is an insect pest that causes significant losses in sugarcane crops and in the sugar-alcohol sector. Chemical and manual control methods are not effective. As an alternative, in the current study, we have screened Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) Cry toxins with high toxicity against this insect. Bioassays were conducted to determine the activity of four Cry toxins (Cry1A (a, b, and c) and Cry2Aa) against neonate T. licus licus larvae. Notably, the Cry1A family toxins had the lowest LC50 values, in which Cry1Ac presented 2.1-fold higher activity than Cry1Aa, 1.7-fold larger than Cry1Ab, and 9.7-fold larger than Cry2Aa toxins. In silico analyses were performed as a perspective to understand putative interactions between T. licus licus receptors and Cry1A toxins. The molecular dynamics and docking analyses for three putative aminopeptidase N (APN) receptors (TlAPN1, TlAPN3, and TlAPN4) revealed evidence for the amino acids that may be involved in the toxin–receptor interactions. Notably, the properties of Cry1Ac point to an interaction site that increases the toxin's affinity for the receptor and likely potentiate toxicity. The interacting amino acid residues predicted for Cry1Ac in this work are probably those shared by the other Cry1A toxins for the same region of APNs. Thus, the presented data extend the existing knowledge of the effects of Cry toxins on T. licus licus and should be considered in further development of transgenic sugarcane plants resistant to this major occurring insect pest in sugarcane fields.
A New (Double Palimpsest) Witness to the Old Syriac Gospels (Vat. iber. 4, ff. 1 & 5)
Authors: Kessel Grigory
Published: March 2023

Vat. iber. 4, a membrum disjectum of the manuscript Sin. geo. 49, contains on two of its folios the Syriac Gospel text as the lowest layer (scriptio ima) within a double palimpsest. Comparison with known Syriac versions of the extant text – Matt 11.30–12.26 – shows that the text represents the Old Syriac version, and is particularly akin to the Curetonianus (Syc). On palaeographic grounds, the original Gospel manuscript can be dated to the first half of the sixth century. The fragment is so far the only known vestige of the fourth manuscript witness to the Old Syriac version.
Συνɛίδησις in Paul's Texts and Stoic Self-Perception
Authors: Phillips Wilson Annalisa
Published: March 2023

Συνɛίδησις is a relatively rare word, but a favourite for Paul, whose undisputed texts contain nearly half of its New Testament occurrences. In the 19th and 20th centuries, scholars debated the origin of the substantive and the possibility of Stoic influence, which led to a consensus that the term was not a technical philosophical one and Paul's use was not affected by Stoic thought. There is evidence, though, that the presence of συνɛίδησις in a few Stoic texts is due to its semantic relationship in Stoic discourse with συναίσθησις, the Stoic term for self-perception, which was a key component in their epistemological and ethical theory. This article argues that a reading of Paul's use of συνɛίδησις as Stoic self-perception explains the distinctive features of his use to which scholars have recently drawn attention, namely, the permanent and continuous operation of the συνɛίδησις, its ability to be passively impacted by the actions of others and the neutral or positive content of its reflexive knowledge. After a review of recent scholarship, I discuss the role of συναίσθησις in Stoic theory and the evidence for its semantic relationship to συνɛίδησις, then offer a reading of 1 Cor 8–10 demonstrating Paul's use of συνɛίδησις as self-perception.
Fury or Folly? ἄνοια in Luke 6.11
Authors: Eklund Rebekah
Published: March 2023

In Luke 6.11, the scribes and Pharisees are filled with ἄνοια after they witness Jesus’ healing on the Sabbath. Modern English translations, beginning with the RSV, translate the word ἄνοια as rage or fury, whereas older English translations render it as madness, and modern German translations follow Martin Luther by rendering the phrase with terms such as unsinnig (‘wurden ganz unsinnig’) or Unverstand (‘wurden mit Unverstand erfüllt’). This article argues that Plato's explanation of the word ἄνοια in Timaeus 86b provides the typical semantic range of the word; it includes ἀμαθία (the folly of ignorance) and μανία (the folly of madness, or the loss of one's rational faculties), but not anger.1 This twofold usage is reflected in Greek literature from the fifth/fourth century bce through the fifth century ce, including in 2 Tim 3.9, the only other text in which ἄνοια occurs in the New Testament. To say that the scribes and Pharisees are filled with rage in Luke 6.11, therefore, both exceeds the typical function of the word ἄνοια and risks further dehumanising two groups of people who are too often dehumanised by Christian tradition.
Die Zukunft Jerusalems nach Lukasevangelium und Apostelgeschichte
Authors: Bormann Lukas
Published: March 2023

In Luke-Acts, the city of Jerusalem is mentioned very often. The city is considered the site of the temple and forms the centre of the narrative spatial configuration of Luke-Acts. Narrative analysis and the evaluation of the lexically marked language (‘terminology of salvation’) show that for the author of Luke-Acts, the city and its inhabitants, who are mainly portrayed as hostile opponents of Jesus and Paul, have no future within the narrative of Luke-Acts. However, Jesus will appear as the Son of Man at the Parousia in Jerusalem and will also bring the liberation of the city of Jerusalem (Luke 2.38: λύτρωσις ᾿Ιɛρουσαλήμ).
Impact of sedentary behavior and emotional support on prenatal psychological distress and birth outcomes during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Hipwell Alison E. , Tung Irene , Sherlock Phillip , Tang Xiaodan , McKee Kim , McGrath Monica , Alshawabkeh Akram , Bastain Tracy , Breton Carrie V. , Cowell Whitney , Dabelea Dana , Duarte Cristiane S. , Dunlop Anne L. , Ferrera Assiamira , Herbstman Julie B. , Hockett Christine W. , Karagas Margaret R. , Keenan Kate , Krafty Robert T. , Monk Catherine , Nozadi Sara S. , O'Connor Thomas G. , Oken Emily , Osmundson Sarah S. , Schantz Susan , Wright Rosalind , Comstock Sarah S.
Published: March 2023

Background

Studies have reported mixed findings regarding the impact of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic on pregnant women and birth outcomes. This study used a quasi-experimental design to account for potential confounding by sociodemographic characteristics.

Methods

Data were drawn from 16 prenatal cohorts participating in the Environmental influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) program. Women exposed to the pandemic (delivered between 12 March 2020 and 30 May 2021) (n= 501) were propensity-score matched on maternal age, race and ethnicity, and child assigned sex at birth with 501 women who delivered before 11 March 2020. Participants reported on perceived stress, depressive symptoms, sedentary behavior, and emotional support during pregnancy. Infant gestational age (GA) at birth and birthweight were gathered from medical record abstraction or maternal report.

Results

After adjusting for propensity matching and covariates (maternal education, public assistance, employment status, prepregnancy body mass index), results showed a small effect of pandemic exposure on shorter GA at birth, but no effect on birthweight adjusted for GA. Women who were pregnant during the pandemic reported higher levels of prenatal stress and depressive symptoms, but neither mediated the association between pandemic exposure and GA. Sedentary behavior and emotional support were each associated with prenatal stress and depressive symptoms in opposite directions, but no moderation effects were revealed.

Conclusions

There was no strong evidence for an association between pandemic exposure and adverse birth outcomes. Furthermore, results highlight the importance of reducing maternal sedentary behavior and encouraging emotional support for optimizing maternal health regardless of pandemic conditions.
Theorising the memescape: The spatial politics of Internet memes
Authors: Baspehlivan Uygar
Published: March 2023

Despite the increasing centrality of Internet memes for everyday political circulations and practices, their emergent implications as low-cultural artefacts of global politics have received little theoretical attention. In this article, I develop a critical theory of memes to provide a conceptual apparatus to understand the global political implications and possibilities of this pop-cultural phenomenon. I argue that, in order to attend to the emergent implications of memes and consider their differentiations from other pop-cultural phenomena, we need to unpack the spatial logic through which memes emerge and circulate. Analysing this spatial logic through the concept of the ‘memescape’ and deploying Gilles Deleuze and Felix Guattari’s notions of striated and smooth spaces, this article articulates the spatial logic of the memescape as comprising rhizomatic, decentralised circulations of digital content; nomadic, playful, and humorous disruptions of once-stable signs; and affective congregations of a multiplicity of subjects. Through two examples exploring how these smooth spatial tendencies produce divergent political potentials in the resistant memes of Indigenous digital communities and reactionary memes of the Alt-Right, I conclude that the global politics of the memescape is open-ended and undetermined which requires careful and nuanced political and ethical attention to actualise its futures for emancipatory horizons.
Cumulative and undiagnosed SARS-CoV-2 infection among the staff of a medical research centre in Tokyo after the emergence of variants
Authors: Mizoue Tetsuya , Yamamoto Shohei , Oshiro Yusuke , Inamura Natsumi , Nemoto Takashi , Horii Kumi , Okudera Kaori , Konishi Maki , Ozeki Mitsuru , Sugiyama Haruhito , Aoyanagi Nobuyoshi , Sugiura Wataru , Ohmagari Norio
Published: March 2023

To describe the trend of cumulative incidence of coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) and undiagnosed cases over the pandemic through the emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants among healthcare workers in Tokyo, we analysed data of repeated serological surveys and in-house COVID-19 registry among the staff of National Center for Global Health and Medicine. Participants were asked to donate venous blood and complete a survey questionnaire about COVID-19 diagnosis and vaccine. Positive serology was defined as being positive on Roche or Abbott assay against SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid protein, and cumulative infection was defined as either being seropositive or having a history of COVID-19. Cumulative infection has increased from 2.0% in June 2021 (pre-Delta) to 5.3% in December 2021 (post-Delta). After the emergence of the Omicron, it has increased substantially during 2022 (16.9% in June and 39.0% in December). As of December 2022, 30% of those who were infected in the past were not aware of their infection. Results indicate that SARS-CoV-2 infection has rapidly expanded during the Omicron-variant epidemic among healthcare workers in Tokyo and that a sizable number of infections were undiagnosed.
Can the use of knowledge-based planning systems improve stereotactic radiotherapy planning? A systematic review
Authors: Robinson Andrew , Gleeson Ian , Ajithkuma Thankamma
Published: March 2023

Introduction:

This study aimed to systematically review the literature to synthesise and summarise whether using knowledge-based planning (KBP) can improve the planning of stereotactic radiotherapy treatments.

Methods:

A systematic literature search was carried out using Medline, Scopus and Cochrane databases to evaluate the use of KBP planning in stereotactic radiotherapy. Three hundred twenty-five potential studies were identified and screened to find 25 relevant studies.

Results:

Twenty-five studies met the inclusion criteria. Where a commercial KBP was used, 72.7% of studies reported a quality improvement, and 45.5% reported a reduction in planning time. There is evidence that when used as a quality control tool, KBP can highlight stereotactic plans that need revision. In studies that use KBP as the starting point for radiotherapy planning optimisation, the radiotherapy plans generated are typically equal to or superior to those planned manually.

Conclusions:

There is evidence that KBP has the potential to improve the quality and speed of stereotactic radiotherapy planning. Further research is required to accurately quantify such systems’ quality improvements and time savings. Notably, there has been little research into their use for prostate, spinal or liver stereotactic radiotherapy, and research in these areas would be desirable. It is recommended that future studies use the ICRU 91 level 2 reporting format and that blinded physician review could add a qualitative assessment of KBP system performance.
Assessment of molecular diversity in doubled haploid lines of camelina (Camelina sativa(L.) Crantz), as a new emerging oil crop
Authors: Sadeghikian Mozafar , Najaphy Abdollah , Kahrizi Danial , Rostami Amadvandi Hossein
Published: March 2023

Camelina (Camelina sativa(L.) Crantz), an oilseed crop, belongs to the Brassicaceae family. Two unique features of camelina in comparison with the main oil crops are an adaptation to different environments and also its unique oil composition. The development of doubled haploid plants is one of the essential methods for crop improvement. The study of genetic diversity is an important step in planning crop breeding programmes. This research was conducted to evaluate the genetic variation of 81 camelina doubled haploid lines obtained from 15 crosses by inter simple sequence repeat (ISSR) markers. The total number of amplified bands was 243, of which 239 bands (98.3%) showed polymorphism. The percentage of polymorphic bands varied between 93.75 and 100. The size of the bands ranged from 50 to 1700 base pairs. The informative ISSRs were identified by estimating marker features: polymorphism information content, effective multiplex ratio, marker index and resolving power. Three markers had higher resolving power values (9.88, 8.5 and 7.46) and were the most informative markers to identify the lines. Cluster analysis based on the complete algorithm divided the lines into five groups, indicating relatively clear configuration from the geographic distribution patterns of the parents of the doubled haploid lines. Principal coordinate analysis classified the 81 camelina doubled haploid lines into six groups. The ISSR markers detected high polymorphism to reveal the genetic variation of camelina lines. The findings of this research, along with the characterization of biochemical traits of the lines, can improve breeding programmes achieve high-yielding camelina varieties with higher and better oil content.
Self-Promotion in the Structured Interview – No Evidence of Differential Effects for Men and Women
Authors: Teja Hannah , Powell Deborah M. , Son Hing Leanne S. , Hausdorf Peter A.
Published: March 2023

Abstract: During employment interviews, candidates often use impression management tactics to influence how they are perceived by the interviewer. Previous research suggests that certain impression management tactics, specifically self-promotion, may work more successfully for men than for women, which is problematic as it can result in hiring discrimination against women. In this registered report, we used an experimental design ( N = 831) to examine gender differences in the success of self-promotion tactics and whether using a structured rating process can mitigate this effect. However, our results did not replicate the pattern of effects found in previous studies; the interaction of gender and self-promotion was not significant. These findings support previous research, which found that structured interviews are resistant to gender bias.
Agreeable Supervisors Promoting the Organization – Implications for Employee Commitment and Retention
Authors: Panaccio Alexandra , Tang Wei-Gang , Vandenberghe Christian
Published: March 2023

Abstract. Through two studies, we examine the importance of supervisor promotion of the organization (SPO) for employee commitment and retention. Study 1 ( N = 910) found SPO to be distinguishable from supervisor’s organizational embodiment, perceived supervisor support, perceived organizational support, and supervisor vision and to interact with perceived supervisor agreeableness to predict employee affective commitment. Using time-lagged data, Study 2 ( N = 272) found SPO to be indirectly related to turnover via employee affective commitment and this relation to be stronger at high perceived supervisor agreeableness. These findings indicate that SPO can help reduce employee turnover but that organizations would be well advised to encourage supervisors to act agreeably with subordinates or hire and promote supervisors who do so.
The Impact of Interviewees’ Anxious Nonverbal Behavior on Interview Performance Ratings
Authors: Mastrella Simonne J. , Powell Deborah M. , Bonaccio Silvia , McMurtry C. Meghan
Published: March 2023

Abstract: Interview anxiety is correlated with lower interview performance ratings, but it is unclear why. This study examined the impact of interviewees’ anxious nonverbal behavior on interview performance ratings. Additionally, the amount of interpersonal interaction in the job and interviewee gender were examined as moderators. Participants ( N = 823) watched a video recording of an actor delivering scripted responses to interview questions. Hypotheses were tested using a between-subjects design. Participants in the high anxious nonverbal behavior condition gave lower interview performance ratings than those in the low anxious nonverbal behavior condition. Job type and interviewee gender did not moderate this relation. Thus, interviewees’ anxious nonverbal behavior may explain why interview anxiety is correlated with lower interview performance ratings.
Tonian Low‐Latitude Marine Ecosystems Were Cold Before Snowball Earth
Authors: Trower Elizabeth J. , Gutoski James R. , Wala Virginia T. , Mackey Tyler J. , Simpson Carl
Published: March 2023

Precambrian marine carbonate strata are commonly assumed to have formed in warm‐water carbonate factories due to the temperature dependence of non‐skeletal carbonate precipitation rates. However, some climate models and geological observations suggest that global climate was cool for tens of millions of years prior to the onset of Snowball Earth glaciation at ∼717 Ma, in conflict with common interpretations of pre‐glacial carbonates as warm‐water carbonate factories. We report the occurrence of guttulatic microfabric—a petrographic fingerprint of ikaite, a carbonate mineral that only forms in cold sedimentary environments—in the Beck Spring Dolomite, a carbonate succession deposited in a low‐latitude shallow marine environment between ∼780 and 730 Ma. This interpretation of pre‐glacial carbonate factories aligns cold conditions with vase‐shaped microfossils, possible algal fossils, and molecular clock dates for crown‐group metazoans. Our observations indicate that these marine ecosystems were able to thrive in cold low‐latitude environments millions of years before the Snowball glaciations.
Very Low Frequency Earthquakes Modulate Regular Fast Earthquakes at the Central Range in Taiwan
Authors: Chaudhuri K. , Ghosh A.
Published: March 2023

Slow earthquakes in the form of tremors and low frequency earthquakes (low‐frequency earthquakes) occur along the south‐central range of Taiwan (Aguiar et al., 2017, https://doi.org/10.1002/2016gl072148; Chao et al., 2012, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246x.2011.05261.x; Tang et al., 2010, https://doi.org/10.1029/2010gl043918). This study detects discrete very low frequency earthquakes (VLFEs) using a grid‐search moment tensor inversion algorithm (Ghosh et al., 2015, https://doi.org/10.1002/2015gl063286; Hutchison & Ghosh, 2019, https://doi.org/10.1029/2018jb016138). By applying a matched filtered technique, we have created a robust VLFE catalog for 3 years. The two VLFEs closer to the tremor‐producing region show a temporal relationship, but the western VLFE is the most active among the three. Our VLFE catalog of high temporal resolution allows us to identify a significant increase in VLFE activities preceding earthquake swarms. An empirical comparison of the VLFE catalog with regional and local cataloged fast earthquakes reveals two such instances. We show that fluid migration from deeper to shallower crust explains this modulation of regular fast earthquakes by VLFEs.
Impact of COVID‐19‐Related Air Traffic Reductions on the Coverage and Radiative Effects of Linear Persistent Contrails Over Conterminous United States and Surrounding Oceanic Routes
Authors: Duda David P. , Smith William L. , Bedka Sarah , Spangenberg Douglas , Chee Thad , Minnis Patrick
Published: March 2023

The radiative effects of the large‐scale air traffic slowdown during April and May 2020 due to the international response to the COVID‐19 pandemic are estimated by comparing the coverage (CC), optical properties, and radiative forcing of persistent linear contrails over the conterminous United States and two surrounding oceanic air corridors during the slowdown period and a similar baseline period during 2018 and 2019 when air traffic was unrestricted. The detected CC during the slowdown period decreased by an area‐averaged mean of 41% for the three analysis boxes. The retrieved contrail optical properties were mostly similar for both periods. Total shortwave contrail radiative forcings (CRFs) during the slowdown were 34% and 42% smaller for Terra and Aqua, respectively. The corresponding differences for longwave CRF were 33% for Terra and 40% for Aqua. To account for the impact of any changes in the atmospheric environment between baseline and slowdown periods on detected CC amounts, the contrail formation potential (CFP) was computed from reanalysis data. In addition, a filtered CFP (fCFP) was also developed to account for factors that may affect contrail formation and visibility of persistent contrails in satellite imagery. The CFP and fCFP were combined with air traffic data to create empirical models that estimated CC during the baseline and slowdown periods and were compared to the detected CC. The models confirm that decreases in CC and radiative forcing during the slowdown period were mostly due to the reduction in air traffic, and partly due to environmental changes.
Observing a Seismic Cycle at Sea
Authors: Boettcher Margaret , Roland Emily , Warren Jessica , Evans Robert , Collins John
Published: March 2023

Scientists organized a trio of expeditions to document the buildup of stress leading to a large earthquake on a seafloor fault, developing innovations for successful seagoing research in the process.
Controlled on-chip fabrication of large-scale perovskite single crystal arrays for high-performance laser and photodetector integration
Authors: Xu Zhangsheng , Han Xun , Wu Wenqiang , Li Fangtao , Wang Ru , Lu Hui , Lu Qiuchun , Ge Binghui , Cheng Ningyan , Li Xiaoyi , Yao Guangjie , Hong Hao , Liu Kaihui , Pan Caofeng
Published: March 2023

Metal halide perovskites possess intriguing optoelectronic properties, however, the lack of precise control of on-chip fabrication of the large-scale perovskite single crystal arrays restricts its application in integrated devices. Here, we report a space confinement and antisolvent-assisted crystallization method for the homogeneous perovskite single crystal arrays spanning 100 square centimeter areas. This method enables precise control over the crystal arrays, including different array shapes and resolutions with less than 10%-pixel position variation, tunable pixel dimensions from 2 to 8 μm as well as the in-plane rotation of each pixel. The crystal pixel could serve as a high-quality whispering gallery mode (WGM) microcavity with a quality factor of 2915 and a threshold of 4.14 μJ cm−2. Through directly on-chip fabrication on the patterned electrodes, a vertical structured photodetector array is demonstrated with stable photoswitching behavior and the capability to image the input patterns, indicating the potential application in the integrated systems of this method.
WFDC12-overexpressing contributes to the development of atopic dermatitis via accelerating ALOX12/15 metabolism and PAF accumulation
Authors: Li Guolin , Gu Linna , Zhao Fulei , Hu Yawen , Wang Xiaoyan , Zeng Fanlian , Yu Jiadong , Yue Chengcheng , Zhou Pei , Li Ya , Feng Yuting , Hu Jing , Huang Nongyu , Wu Wenling , Cui Kaijun , Li Wei , Li Jiong
Published: March 2023

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic inflammatory skin disease characterized by eczema-like skin lesions, dry skin, severe itching, and recurrent recurrence. The whey acidic protein four-disulfide core domain gene WFDC12 is highly expressed in skin tissue and up-regulated in the skin lesions of AD patients, but its role and relevant mechanism in AD pathogenesis have not been studied yet. In this study, we found that the expression of WFDC12 was closely related to clinical symptoms of AD and the severity of AD-like lesions induced by DNFB in transgenic mice. WFDC12-overexpressing in the epidermis might promote the migration of skin-presenting cells to lymph nodes and increase Th cell infiltration. Meanwhile, the number and ratio of immune cells and mRNA levels of cytokines were significantly upregulated in transgenic mice. In addition, we found that ALOX12/15 gene expression was upregulated in the arachidonic acid metabolism pathway, and the corresponding metabolite accumulation was increased. The activity of epidermal serine hydrolase decreased and the accumulation of platelet-activating factor (PAF) increased in the epidermis of transgenic mice. Collectively, our data demonstrate that WFDC12 may contribute to the exacerbation of AD-like symptoms in DNFB-induced mouse model by enhancing arachidonic acid metabolism and PAF accumulation and that WFDC12 may be a potential therapeutic target for human atopic dermatitis.
Hemodynamic profiles of arterial hypertension with ambulatory blood pressure monitoring
Authors: Aristizábal-Ocampo Dagnovar , Álvarez-Montoya Diego , Madrid-Muñoz Camilo , Fallon-Giraldo Simon , Gallo-Villegas Jaime
Published: March 2023

Blood pressure (BP) measurements obtained during a twenty-four-hour ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (24 h ABPM) have not been reliably applied to extract arterial hemodynamics. We aimed to describe the hemodynamic profiles of different hypertension (HT) subtypes derived from a new method for total arterial compliance (Ct) estimation in a large group of individuals undergoing 24 h ABPM. A cross-sectional study was conducted, which included patients with suspected HT. Cardiac output, Ct, and total peripheral resistance (TPR) were derived through a two-element Windkessel model without having a pressure waveform. Arterial hemodynamics were analyzed according to HT subtypes in 7434 individuals (5523 untreated HT and 1950 normotensive controls [N]). The individuals mean age was 46.2 ± 13.0 years; 54.8% were male, and 22.1% were obese. In isolated diastolic hypertension (IDH), the cardiac index (CI) was greater than that in normotensive (N) controls (CI: IDH vs. N mean difference 0.10 L/m/m2; CI 95% 0.08 to 0.12; p value <0.001), with no significant clinical difference in Ct. Isolated systolic hypertension (ISH) and divergent systolic-diastolic hypertension (D-SDH) had lower Ct values than nondivergent HT subtype (Ct: divergent vs. nondivergent mean difference −0.20 mL/mmHg; CI 95% −0.21 to −0.19 mL/mmHg; p value <0.001). Additionally, D-SDH displayed the highest TPR (TPR: D-SDH vs. N mean difference 169.8 dyn*s/cm−5; CI 95% 149.3 to 190.3 dyn*s/cm−5; p value <0.001). A new method is provided for the simultaneous assessment of arterial hemodynamics with 24 h ABPM as a single diagnostic tool, which allows a comprehensive assessment of arterial function for hypertension subtypes.
Does the place of residence influence your risk of being hypertensive? A study-based on Nepal Demographic and Health Survey
Authors: Sharma Ishor , Karen Campbell M. , Choi Yun-Hee , Luginaah Isaac , Were Jason Mulimba , Vargas- Gonzalea Juan-Camilo , Stranges Saverio
Published: March 2023

Even though several studies have examined various risk factors for hypertension, residential influence is poorly explored especially in the low-income countries. We aim to investigate the association between residential characteristics and hypertension in resource limited and transitional settings like Nepal. A total of 14,652 individuals aged 15 and above were selected from 2016-Nepal Demographic and Health Survey. Individuals with blood pressure ≥140/90 mmHg or a history of hypertension (as identified by physicians/health professionals) or under antihypertensive medication were defined as hypertensive. Residential characteristics were represented by area level deprivation index, with a higher score representing higher level of deprivation. Association was explored using a two-level logistic regression. We also assessed if residential area modifies the association between individual socio-economic status and hypertension. Area deprivation had a significant inverse association with the risk of hypertension. Individuals from the least deprived areas had higher odds of hypertension compared to highly deprived areas 1.59 (95% CI 1.30, 1.89). Additionally, the association between literacy a proxy of socio-economic status and hypertension varied with a place of residence. Literate individuals from highly deprived areas were likely to have a higher odds of hypertension compared to those with no formal education. In contrast, literate from the least deprived areas had lower odds of hypertension. These results identify counterintuitive patterns of associations between residential characteristics and hypertension in Nepal, as compared with most of the epidemiological data from high-income countries. Differential stages of demographic and nutritional transitions between and within the countries might explain these associations.
CTCF controls three-dimensional enhancer network underlying the inflammatory response of bone marrow-derived dendritic cells
Authors: Yang Bobae , Kim Sueun , Jung Woong-Jae , Kim Kyungwoo , Kim Sugyung , Kim Yong-Jin , Kim Tae-Gyun , Lee Eun-Chong , Joo Jung-Sik , Park Chae Gyu , Oh Sumin , Yoo Kyung Hyun , Kim Hyoung-Pyo
Published: March 2023

Dendritic cells are antigen-presenting cells orchestrating innate and adaptive immunity. The crucial role of transcription factors and histone modifications in the transcriptional regulation of dendritic cells has been extensively studied. However, it is not been well understood whether and how three-dimensional chromatin folding controls gene expression in dendritic cells. Here we demonstrate that activation of bone marrow-derived dendritic cells induces extensive reprogramming of chromatin looping as well as enhancer activity, both of which are implicated in the dynamic changes in gene expression. Interestingly, depletion of CTCF attenuates GM-CSF-mediated JAK2/STAT5 signaling, resulting in defective NF-κB activation. Moreover, CTCF is necessary for establishing NF-κB-dependent chromatin interactions and maximal expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, which prime Th1 and Th17 cell differentiation. Collectively, our study provides mechanistic insights into how three-dimensional enhancer networks control gene expression during bone marrow-derived dendritic cells activation, and offers an integrative view of the complex activities of CTCF in the inflammatory response of bone marrow-derived dendritic cells.
A case study of impacts of an extreme weather system on the Mediterranean Sea circulation features: Medicane Apollo (2021)
Authors: Menna Milena , Martellucci Riccardo , Reale Marco , Cossarini Gianpiero , Salon Stefano , Notarstefano Giulio , Mauri Elena , Poulain Pierre-Marie , Gallo Antonella , Solidoro Cosimo
Published: March 2023

The attention of the scientific community, policymakers, and public opinion on the Medicanes has recently grown because of their increase in intensity and harmful potential. Although Medicanes may be influenced by pre-existing upper-ocean conditions, uncertainties remain about how such weather extremes influence ocean circulation. This work examines a condition that has been never described before in the Mediterranean, which involves the interplay between an atmospheric cyclone (Medicane Apollo—October 2021) and a cyclonic gyre located in the western Ionian Sea. During the event, the temperature in the core of the cold gyre dropped dramatically, due to a local maximum in the wind-stress curl, Ekman pumping, and relative vorticity. Cooling and vertical mixing of the surface layer combined with upwelling in the subsurface layer caused a shoaling of the Mixed Layer Depth, halocline, and nutricline. The resulting biogeochemical impacts included an increase in oxygen solubility, chlorophyll concentration, productivity at the surface, and decreases in the subsurface layer. The presence of a cold gyre along Apollo's trajectory leads to a different ocean response from that observed with previous Medicanes, endorsing the efficiency of a multi-platform observation system integrated into an operational model for future mitigation of weather-related damages.