bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Religious Interdependence in The "Diwan Nadhmi Al-Aqdein Fi Mad'hi Sayid Alkaounein" By Ibn Jaber Al-Andalusi
Authors: Abbas Ahmed Abdullah Abid
Published: March 2021

This study seeks to reveal religious intertextuality in the (Diwan Nadhmi Al-Aqdein Fi Mad'hi Sayid Alkaounein) by Ibn Jaber Al-Andalusi. The research aims to analyze the poetic texts that dealt with the religious text, whether it was a generous Quranic text or an honorable prophetic text. The nature of the research required that it be divided into a preamble and two papers followed by a conclusion and then a list of sources and references. In the introduction, I discussed the march of the term intertextuality, then introducing the poet. With regard to the first topic, intertwining with the Noble Qur’an in two forms. The first is quotation and the second is referral symmetry, and in the second topic I dealt with symmetry with the Prophet’s hadith and then mentioned in the conclusion the most important results that I reached through this study.
Inspirational Leadership and Its Impact On Reducing Organizational Conflict for The Staff Members at The Iraqi University
Authors: Rjah Souad Mohamed , Abdullah Ahmed Irhayyim
Published: March 2021

The study aimed to identify the impact of inspiring leadership in reducing organizational conflicts among faculty members at the Iraqi University, by highlighting the dimensions of inspiring leadership, namely self-confidence, change management, employee empowerment, and strategic direction. This study relied on the data collected by developing a questionnaire designed for this purpose based on previous studies, distributed to (255) members of the teaching staff in colleges and scientific departments at the Iraqi University. To test the study hypothesis, multiple linear regression used. The most important findings of the study: The presence of a statistically significant effect of the four inspiring leadership dimensions in reducing the causes of organizational conflict, also that one of the most common causes of organizational conflict is the low level of cooperation between faculty members within the university. The study presented some recommendations, the most important of which are: the necessity of developing the dimensions of inspiring leadership by enhancing trust and spirit of cooperation between academic leaders and faculty members because of its direct impact in reducing the causes that lead to the occurrence of the organizational conflict. In addition, reviewing the policies that lead to non-cooperation and harmful and negative competition among them, as it is one of the leading causes of organizational conflict.
Authenticity of Cultural Exchange between Arabs and Persians in Pre-Islamic History
Authors: Al-Obaidi Shafika Jasim Nsaef
Published: March 2021

The researcher tries to shed light on the historical, intellectual and cultural depth between Arabs and Persians, especially in the pre-Islamic era, so l touched on the origins of Arab Bedouin singing, such as “Hidaa, Nasb, Sinaad, and Hazej”, and what are the factors that helped the development of cultural exchange between the two peoples, whether geographic, economic or political, as well as many poems included Arabic and Persian musical instruments. Finally, the female singers had a role in increasing the activity of cultural exchange, whether it was in Makkah and its boards or in Al-Hirah, the center of Al-Manazira kings.
The Condition Which Is Contained in Grammatical Rule
Authors: AL-Heety Enad Mukhlif Muhabbsh
Published: March 2021

The grammatical rule is considered the final model that will be followed construct a meaningful sentence as Arabic used to say. This rule has certain limits that governs the grammatical rule in order not to be confused with another .one of these limits is the condition put by grammarians which is considered an important limit. The condition is also regarded a must to the rule although it is not shared in governing it. Yet, if it is absent, there will not be a grammatical rule. The condition will be very essential if we have similar grammatical rules and it becomes important to put more than one condition to differentiate among these rules for this reasons, the condition is important for the grammarians.
The Employment Contract Model Plays Its Role in Reducing the Unemployment Problem as A Model for Developing Labor Legislation
Authors: Zayin Mohammad Jamal
Published: March 2021

Unquestionably, unemployment is one of the problems of the Iraqi society, which has the most impact on the political and social situation. but under our responsibility we find the urgency of scientific research to find a solution, so we sought a title that might limit even a small thing, from this blatant problem And this way out is by stereotyping the work contract, perhaps it is a model to be followed in labor contracts, where the idea of this research is to find a model for the work contract that includes privileges in the form of exemptions or tenders committed by the state for the benefit of the worker and the employer, which is an incentive and motivation for employers to attract Employment in their projects, in exchange for this privilege, and this contract is a guarantee and safety tool for both parties to the contract, preventing fraud and signing responsibility for the offender. The research problem lies in the extent of the ability of this contract to reduce unemployment through these state-owned concessions, and this needs to clarify the concept of the model work contract, its characteristics, features, and its impact on the labor market. In order to take the right path in our research, we will enter the path of the inductive approach that describes and lists the situation, to achieve accurate monitoring and the correct result. And the importance of the research appears from two sides, the first party (process): it is evident that the typical labor contracts may increase the momentum of the labor market and become a relocation demolition force. The second (scientific) aspect: It is a warning to researchers to increase their scientific output in this field to reduce the momentum of this problem in society, and the legislator should try to find formulas that are the basis of labor contracts and issue legislation in this context. As for the result of the research, they appear in two parts: The first part: the inactivity of the private sector needs an incentive that gives it a greater role, in order to push and revitalize the labor market and thus reduce unemployment, and the incentive is the privileges that are needed, and undoubtedly the employers need to pay accordingly to conclude the standard contract and this reduces unemployment and reduces it to a degree a certain. As for the second part, it is to raise the level of protection of workers and employers to a large extent, by ensuring the standardization of the labor contract.
The Theory of Actual Employee and De Facto Authority and Its Applicability in Iraq
Authors: Jamil Ali Salman
Published: March 2021

The research showed that the French Council of State relied in resolving the conflict between the authority and the citizen on the principles of the Declaration of Human and Citizen Rights as a basis for the principle of legality. He only had them. They are abstract general rules that clarify the basis of the relationship between the citizen and the state, including his rights and duties. The council applied its rules regarding the rulings it issued, whether for the authority or against it. The authority has caved in to that. He also showed that it is impermissible to differentiate between protecting rights in normal and exceptional circumstances. The state is responsible for securing these rights in all circumstances. This is why the board invented the actual employee theory. The basic principles on which the actual employee theory was based have also been studied. The theory is not an exception to the principle of legality, but rather a real application of it. In a state that has taken upon itself to ensure that people enjoy the rights and freedoms stipulated in the constitution. It also clarified that the employee’s organizational relationship with the state requires it to respect his rights stipulated in the law in return for his commitment to his duties that oblige him to apply the law as abstract general rules without bias and deviation. Therefore, it has the right to punish him according to the law. In exchange for his right to appeal the decision to impose the punishment. The judiciary’s decision to cancel the dismissal or dismissal decision obliges the administration to return it to the same legal position. Unless that results in corruption, then you must return him to a center parallel to the first. Without causing him physical or moral harm. The research also showed that what happened in Iraq was a barbaric invasion that was not based on any justification. It expressly contradicts international legality. It has resulted in the abolition of all legitimate institutions of the state and the handing over of power to organizations that have proven practical reality that they are gangs of thieves whose aim is to destroy the state and to violate all prohibited acts. It issued laws that grant themselves privileges and rights that are inconsistent with the principle of legality. And decisions were issued that contradict the public interest. Therefore, citizens and employees should be granted the right to appeal all laws and decisions issued when real authority is established in Iraq. Return all stolen money and stolen rights.
The Style of Facing and Its Effect On the Coherence of the Text
Authors: Dahi Jabbar Abdid
Published: March 2021

Contradiction is a method of expression based on the combination and confrontation between words and meanings for rhetorical purposes, and the presentation of ideological ideas and visions. And if the encounter of the ancient linguists was one of the means of the primitive advantages, then we find it in contemporary studies concerned with (about the text), its concept has expanded to include formal means / pronunciation, and semantic means / meaning, and thus it became a technique of text cohesion and cohesion.
The Forms of Plurality According to Al-Halabi in The Book Omdat Al-Hifaz Fi Tafseer Ashraf Al-Al Fadh
Authors: Ahmed Dlawar Jawhar , Abdulsamad Ziad Abdullah
Published: March 2021

Morphological thought appeared at Al-Halabi clearly and clearly in its origination of the singular in his book (Omdat al-Hifaz fi Tafseer Ashraf al-Al Fadh), which deals with the vocabulary of this lexical book, noting in his analysis the different morphological formulas mentioned in the words and the connotations that distinguish one use from another, and from the buildings The morphology that he mentioned and detailed in it the buildings of the multitude of multitudes, mentioning the standard ones, and what are memorized and not measured by these multitudes, and here we single out in these pages a group of Al-Halabi’s morphological references to the buildings of the multitude of multitudes and the meanings and connotations given to these formulas in a paper entitled (The form of plurality According to Al – Halabi in the book Omdat Al – Hifadh fi Tafsir Ashraf Al – Alfadh).
Conceptual Metaphor: Blending and Ideology in Discourse Analysis
Authors: Salih Rajaa Hamid
Published: March 2021

The incorporation of conceptual metaphor study and assessment in the broader process of critical discourse analysis represents a relatively recent development. At one level, this process can be viewed as an outcome that derives from the broader purpose and scope of critical discourse analysis (CDA). The main objective of this article is to understand how metaphors may unconsciously shape people's perception of the world. It is understood that metaphors may play a prominent role in shaping public perception of important topics especially in politics, journals or media discourses. People are exposed to many more metaphors than they may even realize on a daily basis.
The Structures and Functions of the Imperative Constructions in Dickens' Hard Times
Authors: Suleiman Hana'a Abass
Published: March 2021

This paper intends to shed light on the different forms and functions of the imperative sentences in the novel of Hard Times. This novel is found to fulfill the purpose of the study. One of its most distinctive features is the excessive use of imperative structures. The results show that imperatives are commonly used by the characters of the novel. This study aims to analyze the imperative utterances in the novel and to show their forms and functions according to Alexander Model 1997 which is adopted to achieve the purpose of the study. The frequency and percentage of every type of the imperative used in the novel are given in specific tables to show how many times each form is used more than the other which would reveal Dickens’s intention to express advice, suggestion, request, etc. The data collected from the corpus of Hard Times' text. The study limits itself to analyze the imperative structures and shows the functions according to Alexander Model. It is hoped that this study will be valuable for those who study English as a foreign language and those also who are interested in English linguistics.
The Names of Paradise's Gates in The Six Books
Authors: AL-Mehamdy Nooriya Sabbar Ahmed
Published: March 2021

Religious books have Proven that Almighty Allah has made Heaven`s doors, on which angels call out to those who are allowed to enter these gates. The reward for the acts of good deeds and obedience they have done in this world. And the prophet`s Sunnah indicated that the number of these doors are eight. They also have named after the woks of servants. The scholars mentioned the names of these eight chapters, and some of them made them more than the days. This study is concerned to prove the correct number of the gates of paradise depending on the correct evidence. trace these names as reported by the Prophet (may God bless him and grant him peace) from school books. We ask Almighty Allah to keep us away from Hell and enter Heaven with His mercy.
Following The Positions of Parsing According to Grammarians
Authors: Al-Rawi Nassif Jassim Muhammad
Published: March 2021

It dealt with the issue of following the positions of parsing according to grammarians, and the various grammatical disagreements in that. The first prompt: I dealt with the backup copies, and I took the backup copies in it. As for the fourth topic, it dealt with the subject of the name not negating gender and the opinions and differences between grammarians in it. concluded my study with the most important results of the research and a list of sources and references. Praise be to Allah, the Cherisher and Sustainer of the worlds.
A Message On the Ruling On Drinking Coffee by Muhammad Bin Muhammad Bin Mustafa Bin Othman Abi Saeed Al-Khademi (1176 Ah)
Authors: Aa’yid Dhahir Ali Ahmed
Published: March 2021

The present research contains two sections: First section discusses the author’s life which includes: his name, birth, origin, surname, scholars, learners, writings, death, and scientific status. Second section deals with the edited text that involves the scientists’ interpretations about the rule of drinking coffee, where some of them interpret it on the basis of its permissible, forbidden, purity, and impurity, then mentioning the author’s preponderant opinion.
Changes in Electrical Activity of the Diaphragm in Response to Painful Procedures in Neonates
Authors: Lubarsky Daniel , Firestone Kimberly , Mukherjee Ram , Stein Howard
Published: March 2021

Background: Premature neonates are exposed to numerous painful procedures. Physiologic fluctuations in heart rate (HR), respiratory rate, and oxygen saturation are typically used to determine the response to pain. Neurally assisted ventilatory assist (NAVA) delivers inspiratory pressure in proportion to the electrical activity of the diaphragm (Edi). Since NAVA allows self-regulation of peak inspiratory pressures (PIP), there is apprehension that painful stimulus may increase respiratory drive and result in ex- cessive PIP. This study evaluated changes in respiratory drive, measured by Edi, in response to a painful procedure (heel stick) to determine if there was excessive PIP delivered from the ventilator.

Methods: Prospective, single-center study; subjects <32 weeks on NAVA/NIV NAVA requiring routine blood work via heel sticks. Vital signs were measured every 10 seconds for the first 2 minutes. PIP, Edi peak, and min were collected for the first ten breaths and then averaged at 1 and 2 minutes. Statistics were repeated measures ANOVA.

Results: Fourteen subjects with gestational age 26.9+2 weeks and birth weight 994+318 grams. At study, the average age was 4.6+5 days, and weight was 948+305 grams. Following the heel stick, the first breath showed an increase in PIP and Edi peak but returned to baseline by the second breath. PIP increased again by the10th breath and at 1 and 2 minutes. HR increased after heel stick and remained elevated through the remainder of the study. There were no changes in tonic Edi, Edi min or other vital signs. Conclusion: Although the increase in PIP and Edi peak in response to heel stick pain was brief and limited, it is important always to set the PIP alarm limit appropriately to protect the lung from excessive pressures that may be generated during painful procedures.
Karel Hansa: the Czechoslovak Traveller in Syria and Lebanon in 1922 and His Work for the Benefit of Armenian Genocide Survivors
Authors: Cukr Jiří , Jandák Marek
Published: March 2021

In 1922, the Czechoslovak traveller Karel Hansa visited the French Mandate for Syria and Lebanon, where he became acquainted with the lamentable living conditions and pitiful experiences of the survivors of the Armenian Genocide. He was deeply impressed by the work of Western humanitarian organizations, especially the American Near East Relief. This experience led Hansa to decide to write, lecture and try to organise humanitarian aid for Armenian orphans in Czechoslovakia, although his humanitarian efforts had only limited success.
Armenian Genocide Survivors: The Strunga Orphanage in Romania
Authors: Prisac Lidia
Published: March 2021

This article examines the history of the 200 children rescued from massacres that took place during the Armenian Genocide, who found shelter in Greater Romania (1918-1940), in the Strunga orphanage, which was open for three years, from 1923 to 1926. The Strunga orphanage history approach reflects the dimensions of humanitarian assistance in the Kingdom of Romania on the issue of Armenian refugees, particularly on the fate of children after the genocide. The reconstruction of this orphanage history is based on historical sources, such the Album of Orphans (1923), archive documents and articles from the contemporary press published by the Armenian minority in interwar Romania. In general, the humanitarian dimensions of Armenian community support in Romania offered the orphans the possibility of rehabilitation after the genocide and adaptation to the new social environment that Romania represented.
Prevalence of Antibiotic Resistant Vibrio spp. in Finfish Sold in Tripoli Fish Markets, Libya
Authors: Abodaia Emad Ramadan , Eshamah Hanan , Naas Hesham Taher
Published: March 2021

Background: The occurrence of Vibrio spp. in raw fish is common, especially from temperate climates regions, in both natural and farm environments, and in all kind of fish. Whereas, limited data have been reported on antibiotic resistance strains of Vibrio spp. Aim: The main objectives of this study were to determine the prevalence of Vibrio spp. including antibiotic resistance strains in fresh finfish samples as well as evaluation of their antibiogram. Material and methods: Samples of 122 fresh finfish were purchased from two main fish markets in Tripoli, Libya. Samples were examined for the presence of Vibrio spp. and its antibiogram. Results: A total of 68 Vibrio’s belonging to six different species were isolated, the most predominant species were V. fluvialis 45(66.2%), followed by V. alginolyticus 10(14.7%), V. cholera 9(13.2%), V. parahemolyticus 2(2.9%), V. vulnificus and V. hollisae 1(1.5%). All of the isolates showed different degree of resistance toward tested antibiotics. The isolates showed high resistance to cloxacillin, amoxicillin, vancomycin, amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, oxytetracylin, cephalothin, while for streptomycin the resistance rate was the lowest. Conclusion: The results demonstrated a high incidence of Vibrio spp. in raw finfish samples and this finding suggests that, fish sold in Tripoli fish markets could be a source of potential health hazard. This is because some of isolated strains were resistant to most popular antibiotics used in human and aquaculture treatments. Besides, study results indicated that, antibiotic resistance strains are common in raw finfish sold in both markets. Improvements in handling and processing are needed to minimize the prevalence of such pathogenic bacteria.

​Keywords: Vibrio spp., Finfish, Mullet, Sardine, Antibiotic Resistance.
A PREVALÊNCIA DE SÍNDROME METABÓLICA NO IDOSO
Authors:   Thais Raquel Pires Tavares, Pinheiro Luiz Carlos Holanda Torres ,   Luiz Henrique Costa de Medeiros
Published: March 2021

Este artigo descreve a prevalência da síndrome metabólica (SM) em idosos. Participaram 46 idosos, com idades a partir de 60 anos, de ambos os sexos. Dos 46 participantes, 85% (39/46) foram do sexo feminino e 15% (7/46) do sexo masculino. A idade média observada foi de 72,13 ±7,4 anos. Os critérios de inclusão para seleção do estudo foram idosos que frequentaram um centro de convivência com idade de 60 anos ou mais, portadores de doenças metabólica e/ou cardiovascular e, que aceitaram participar do estudo mediante assinatura do Termo de Consentimento Livre Esclarecido. Já os critérios de exclusão eram indivíduos com menos de 60 anos, diagnosticados com câncer ou demência. Objetivo foi avaliar a prevalência da síndrome metabólica em idosos. Base de Dados: avaliações clínicas dos indivíduos que participaram do estudo, com realização de anamnese, exame físico, medidas antropométricas e determinações bioquímicas. O recorte temporal do estudo foi de junho de 2019 a setembro de 2019. Para as referências literárias das variáveis adotou-se os propostos da National Cholesterol Education Program – Adult Treatment Panel III (NCEP-ATP III) e da International Diabetes Federation - IFD. Os idosos com 3 ou mais componentes presentes alterados foram caracterizados como portadores da Síndrome Metabólica. Constatou-se a grande importância da detecção precoce dos componentes da SM para uma prevenção efetiva, o que significa, mais atenção à saúde de forma eficaz, na prevenção de doenças cardiovasculares.
GESTÃO DE RECURSOS HÍDRICOS EM UMA INSTITUIÇÃO PÚBLICA: UMA AÇÃO NO IFRN
Authors: SANTOS Alex Augusto de Souza , LEMOS Elizama das Chagas
Published: March 2021

Water supply problems are a reality in many institutions’ public administration that was inserted in regions with its lack of distribution. The Knowledge about the behavior of water use by public institution managers can allow the identification of waste or conscious decision-making about water rationing. This descriptive study approaches a management solution through the monitoring of water resources in a water reservoir applied to an educational institution. This study is a case study that has the purpose to investigate the use of Information Technology, through Business Intelligence tools to improve water management for distribution in the institution as ally to the public manager. Finally, it concludes that the use of dashboards contributes to the managers’ decision-making process regarding the water use and that water monitoring as were as the forecast of its lack were considered relevant.
Los riesgos de corrupción de los lobbies
Authors: Aguilar Juncosa Iolanda Maria
Published: March 2021

Los lobbies o grupos de interés son inherentes a las sociedades democráticas contemporáneas y son un elemento de garantía de representatividad, así como un mecanismo facilitador de conocimiento técnico a los gobernantes y decisores públicos.
Para evitar los riesgos de corrupción por una influencia indebida y que su actividad sea beneficiosa para la sociedad, hay que establecer medidas preventivas como la transparencia de su actuación a través del registro obligatorio de los grupos de interés y la publicación de la agenda de los altos cargos, la elaboración de sistemas de integridad institucional y la igualdad de acceso de todos los intereses, no solo en el ámbito regulatorio, sino especialmente en el ámbito de la contratación pública.
La transparencia en los ayuntamientos españoles
Authors: López López Paulo Carlos , González Quinzán Serafín , Mo Groba Diego
Published: March 2021

La presente investigación tiene como objetivo analizar los logros y los fracasos de los ayuntamientos españoles desde la aparición de la Ley 19/2013 de Transparencia, Acceso a la Información Pública y Buen Gobierno, incluyendo a las subsiguientes normas autonómicas, hasta la actualidad. La técnica empleada fue la del grupo focal, en la que han intervenido siete expertos, entre ellos dos catedráticos de Comunicación Audiovisual, además de personas del ámbito profesional. De este modo, se observa que la transparencia en los municipios españoles tiene una problemática de fondo que se resume en cincos aspectos: a) poca adecuación de la arquitectura legal, administrativa y de control; b) el nulo fomento de una cultura y voluntad de transparencia; c) falta de institucionalización con unas estructuras mínimas; d) un mal enfoque de los datos, no orientados a los medios de comunicación; e) inexistencia de unos criterios de evaluación claros y unificados.
Dynamic infrared gas analysis from longleaf pine fuel beds burned in a wind tunnel: observation of phenol in pyrolysis and combustion phases
Authors: Banach Catherine A. , Bradley Ashley M. , Tonkyn Russell G. , Williams Olivia N. , Chong Joey , Weise David R. , Myers Tanya L. , Johnson Timothy J.
Published: March 2021

Abstract. Pyrolysis is the first step in a series of chemical and physical processes that produce flammable organic gases from wildland fuels that can result in a wildland fire. We report results using a new time-resolved Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) method that correlates the measured FTIR spectrum with an infrared thermal image sequence, enabling the identification and quantification of gases within different phases of the fire process. The flame from burning fuel beds composed of pine needles (Pinus palustris) and mixtures of sparkleberry, fetterbush, and inkberry plants was the natural heat source for pyrolysis. Extractive gas samples were analyzed and identified in both static and dynamic modes synchronized to thermal infrared imaging: a total of 29 gases were identified including small alkanes, alkenes, aldehydes, nitrogen compounds, and aromatics, most previously measured by FTIR in wildland fires. This study presents one of the first identifications of phenol associated with both pre-combustion and combustion phases using ca. 1 Hz temporal resolution. Preliminary results indicate ∼2.5× greater phenol emissions from sparkleberry and inkberry compared to fetterbush, with differing temporal profiles.
Orbitool: a software tool for analyzing online Orbitrap mass spectrometry data
Authors: Cai Runlong , Li Yihao , Clément Yohann , Li Dandan , Dubois Clément , Fabre Marlène , Besson Laurence , Perrier Sebastien , George Christian , Ehn Mikael , Huang Cheng , Yi Ping , Ma Yingge , Riva Matthieu
Published: March 2021

Abstract. The Orbitrap mass spectrometer has recently been proved to be a powerful
instrument to accurately measure gas-phase and particle-phase organic
compounds with a greater mass resolving power than other widely used online
mass spectrometers in atmospheric sciences. We develop an open-source software
tool (Orbitool, https://orbitrap.catalyse.cnrs.fr, last access: 4 February 2021) to facilitate the analysis of long-term online
Orbitrap data. Orbitool can average long-term data while improving the mass
accuracy by re-calibrating each mass spectrum, assign molecular formulae of
compounds and their isotopes to measured signals, and export time series and
mass defect plots. The noise reduction procedure in Orbitool can separate
signal peaks from noise and reduce the computational and storage
expenses. Chemical ionization Orbitrap data from laboratory experiments on
ozonolysis of monoterpenes and ambient measurements in urban Shanghai were
used to test Orbitool. For the test dataset, the average mass accuracy was
improved from <2 to <0.5 ppm by mass calibrating each
spectrum. The denoising procedure removed 97 % of the noise peaks from a
spectrum averaged for 30 min while maintaining the signal peaks,
substantially helping the automatic assignment of unknown species. To
illustrate the capabilities of Orbitool, we used the most challenging and complex
dataset we have collected so far, which consists of ambient gas-phase
measurements in urban Shanghai. These tests showed that Orbitool was able to
automatically assign hundreds of molecular formulae as well as their isotopes
with high accuracy.
Developing a Theoretical Framework to Discuss Mothers Experiencing Domestic Violence and Being Subject to Interventions: A Cross-National Perspective
Authors: Arnull Elaine , Stewart Stacey
Published: March 2021

The discourse about domestic violence has developed in patriarchal societies, and so we position our understanding of ‘mother’ within a patriarchal framework. We explore the ways in which ‘mothering’ and ‘mother blame’ have been constructed within that framework and how this becomes relevant in the context of domestic violence and child welfare social work. We review literature from Australia, Canada, England and Wales, and the United States of America that has focused on child welfare responses to mothers experiencing domestic violence and abuse. On the basis of that review, we argue that mothers are responsibilised for violence and abuse they do not perpetrate. We show that the way legislation operates in some jurisdictions facilitates hegemonic, patriarchal constructions. We call for a review of current child welfare social work policy and practice in which domestic violence is present.
Upacara Adat Basaru’ Sumangat dalam Konteks Batalah Tradisi Dayak Kanayatn dan Hubungannya dengan Liturgi Gerejani dalam Konteks Sakramen Pembaptisan
Authors: Amadi Amadi
Published: March 2021

This research aims to find out the basic meaning of the traditional ritual of Basaru 'sumangat in the context of batalah for Dayak Kanayatn people, the meaning of baptized sacrament in the Catholic Church, the relationship between Adat basaru' sumangat in the context of Batalah Kanayatn traditions with baptized sacrament Catholic Church. Using a qualitative approach, data were obtained from the results of in-depth interviews which focused on the village of Nangka, Landak district. The results of the research analysis show that: First, the basic meaning of the Batalah tradition of the Kanayatn Dayak people in Nangka Village is a ceremony that allows a newborn to gain safety. According to Kanayat Dayak belief in Nangka Village by carrying out the batalah ceremony, all bad things in the baby's body are removed thanks to the prayers delivered by the panyangahatn priest to Jubata or God, and by carrying out this batalah ceremony the existence of a baby will be recognized in society. Second, the meaning of the batalah tradition is almost the same as the tradition of the baptismal ceremony in the Catholic Church, which focuses on the appreciation of union with Jesus Christ which leads to holiness and salvation. Third, the relationship between the basaru 'sumangat ceremony in the context of the Batalah Dayak Kanayatn tradition with the sacrament ceremony of baptism in the Catholic Church is the path of holiness to salvation and the initiation of salvation. The path of holiness to salvation means that the holiness received through baptism or through the bat ceremony brings a person to salvation. Whereas the initiation of salvation is intended as a process that initiates a person into belonging to those who have safety. Both as members of the community (in babies who are questioned) and as members of the Church (in people who are baptized).
Masyarakat Bakateu Hidup Dalam Keberagaman Tanpa Konflik Selama 45 Tahun
Authors: Teti Marianus
Published: March 2021

This study aims to determine how the life of Catholic-Muslim harmony for 45 years in Bakateu. The research method used is qualitative research with a qualitative descriptive approach. The study was conducted for six months (January-June 2018). There are four things that have made the Bakateu community survive for 45 years and there have never been any conflicts between religious believers, namely the spirit of kinship, the spirit of friendship and service, the spirit of solidarity and the spirit of mutual cooperation. These four things happen because of the existence of a communication of the soul so that peace, harmony, mutual respect and respect for one another are maintained and maintained by the Bakateu community as a cultured and religious society.

There is no conflict between religious believers due to the spirit of kinship, the spirit of friendship and service, the spirit of solidarity and the spirit of mutual cooperation which has been fostered since the beginning of diversity until now. I hope there are other researchers who can carry out further research or development research to see further about the other impacts of inter-religious relations in Bakateu and elsewhere.
Comparison of the healing effect of occlusive hydrocolloid dressing and conventional gauze dressing concerning hernia operations in children
Authors: Abdulsattar Ali J. , Hmood Thaker T
Published: March 2021

The purpose is using the occlusive hydrocolloid dressing (OHD) and gauze dressing (GD) to compare incidence of infection of wound and cost-effectiveness of dressing after hernia operation in children. Eighty children was undergo hernia surgery, wounds were dressing by OHD or GD. Hydrocolloid dressing was remain till suture was removed, and GD changed every day after operation. Calculations of cost dressing mean dressing alterations frequency and cost for each dressing in every treatment cluster. There are no variances amongst the two clusters concerning the incidence of wound infection. OHD was less costly and complex than GD, and GD necessary to be altered each day (p = 0.001). In conclusion, OHD is less costly to use, and less complex than GD because GD wanted to be altered more times during the period of healing.
A unidade na diversidade em Paulo Freire: avanços para a transformação educacional
Authors: Braga Fabiana Marini , Mello Roseli Rodrigues de , Bachega Denise
Published: March 2021

In this article, we relate the concept of unity in diversity, developed by Paulo Freire, to educational actions that promote both academic achievement and improvement in social coexistence in diversity. Initially, we present key concepts elaborated by the author in different publications and we emphasize its relevance. Subsequently, we highlight the concept of unity in diversity and how it underpins Successful Educational Actions (SEA) for Youth and Adult Education, based on the results of a qualitative case study, developed between 2014 and 2016. Finally, we highlight the way that the theory and the comprehension that Paulo Freire offers us remains alive and current, mainly by demonstrating the history that has been built by men and women in favor of humanization and democratic education.
Joaquín Reig Albiol, el primer austriaco español
Authors: López Cristóbal Matarán
Published: March 2021

Joaquín Reig Albiol nació en Valencia en 1922. Podríamos situar el punto de partida de su labor intelectual en 1957 cuando, tras la lec-tura de la primera tesis doctoral en español sobre Ludwig von Mises, se lanzó a la publicación de las obras clásicas de la Escuela Austriaca, cuestión sobre la que volveremos posteriormente. Su vida intelectual le llevó fundamentalmente por el camino de la tra-ducción, actividad que le valió la inmortalidad y el infinito afecto de todos los investigadores que hoy nos dedicamos al análisis sub-jetivista de la ciencia económica. Se encargó de prologar las obras de Ignacio Villalonga para la fundación que él mismo creó. Dotada en su origen con la nada desdeñable cantidad de 700.000 ptas. de la época, la labor se centró en la publicación de obras de corte clásico en una época en la que superar la censura se convertía, en ocasio-nes, en un ejercicio de creatividad empresarial. Tras el adveni-miento de la democracia, las posibilidades de publicación se ensancharon enormemente, continuando con su labor traductora y difusora en el mundo hispanoparlante.

Joaquín Reig falleció en Madrid en 1987, víctima de una enfer-medad que nos privó de una de las mentes más lúcidas en el estu-dio de la ciencia económica en pleno apogeo de su actividad. Las obras que las generaciones venideras de economistas nos hemos perdido por tan desgraciada pérdida pueden calificarse, sin temor a equivocarnos, como fantásticas y tremendamente sugerentes.
Case-Controlled Analysis of the Direct Superior and Mini-Posterior Approach for Total Hip Arthroplasty at a Minimum of Two Years of Follow Up
Authors: Ezzibdeh Rami , Korth Moritz , Arora Prerna , Amanatullah Derek
Published: March 2021

Introduction: The direct superior approach to total hip arthroplasty (THA) is a recently developed technique aimed at sparing the iliotibial band, obturator externus tendon, and quadratus femoris muscle while working within the familiar anatomical landscape of the posterior approach. While the direct superior approach has been used for more than a decade, there is a lack of midterm outcomes and safety data. This study elaborates on promising short-term results and aims to investigate the midterm outcomes of the direct superior approach.
Materials and Methods: We present a unicentric, retrospective case-controlled analysis of a minimum two-year follow up of the direct superior approach in comparison to those of the more conventional and established mini-posterior approach.
Results: The results indicate that patient recovery, as measured by Harris Hip Score and timed-up-and-go at three months and two years, are virtually identical. There was no difference in gait aid utilization or frequency of narcotic use. However, there was a statistically significant reduction in length of stay by over one day associated with the direct superior approach (p=0.003). There was no compromise in acetabular component position or observed lucencies over time.
Conclusion: Overall, the direct superior approach appears to be safe and warrants longer-term study to evaluate its effect on hospital-related cost, same-day discharge, and hip stability.
STUDENT ENGAGEMENT IN VIRTUAL CLASS ROOMS
Authors: Hassan Sana
Published: March 2021

The impact of COVID-19 pandemic on the education sector throughout the globe resulted in closure of schools, colleges and universities. Consequently, there was a radical shift to e-learning and digital classrooms. Even long before COVID-19, there was already exponential growth and incorporation of technology in the education sector. It may be language apps, virtual tutoring, video conferencing tools, or online learning softwares, a momentous spurt has been noticed in usage of information technology since COVID-19. It is alarming that challenges associated with the transition to online learning would have the greatest impact on students learning capabilities in the midst of this chaos, as the strategies followed by teachers in a conventional classroom differs from those adopted in a virtual classroom. students engagement strategies in a traditional class at the campus differs from a virtual classroom. Basically, student engagement is a measure of how often a student attends to a task, assignment or activity during a class session. Studies clearly indicates positive relationships between student engagement and academic achievement. Engaged learners have demonstrated stronger satisfaction with learning experiences, stronger achievement in courses and increased graduation rates. When it comes to learning, commitment shown by students is affected by the level of motivation, concentration and cognitive aptitude of a learner, as well as the nature of online courses and the decisions of an instructor about his specific facilitation style. Efficient virtual coursework needs much more than "giving a Zoom account to any professor and letting the instructor take his course." Online teachingrequires a deliberate, careful approach to instructional design; particularly at a time when students are transiting at an astounding level following the COVID-19 outbreak. The concept of online learning is absolutely new for many students. Mostly students promoted to colleges from secondary schools are inexperienced and have inculcated habit of being spoon fed during early years. For such students anapproach of online teaching is highly unacceptable. Teachers need to be transparent about the aspirations of students and proactively train students, how to participate in this new landscape of learning. An increasing body of evidence indicates that the biggest obstacle to achieve comparable online learning success rates has been addressing the challenge of fostering the kind of collaboration students interaction and discussion, that are often the trademark for creating excellent teaching and learning environments. While it can be difficult to anticipate any struggle that a student may be e x p e r i e n c i n g w i t h o n l i n e l e a r n i n g , c l e a r communication is the key.
Review: „Bilo bi bolje da nismo uopće došli i da nismo ništa učinili“. Guillaume Ancel, Vent Glacial sur Sarajevo (Memoires de Guerre), Les Belles Lettres, Paris 2017, 224 str.
Authors:   Institute of History, University of Sarajevo, Smajić Ramiza
Published: March 2021

Review: „Bilo bi bolje da nismo uopće došli i da nismo ništa učinili“. Guillaume Ancel, Vent Glacial sur Sarajevo (Memoires de Guerre), Les Belles Lettres, Paris 2017, 224 str.
Review: 75. godišnjica Prvog zasjedanja ZAVNOBiH-a: Povijesna utemeljenost obnovljene državnosti Bosne i Hercegovine u 20. i 21. stoljeću, Zbornik radova, Posebna izdanja, knjiga CLXXIX, Odjeljenje društvenih nauka, knjiga 11/1, Odjeljenje humanističkih nauka, knjiga 46/1, Akademija nauka i umjetnosti Bosne i Hercegovine, Sarajevo 2019, 574 str.
Authors:   PI Elementary School ", Halilović Edin ,   Gnojnica",   Lukavac
Published: March 2021

Review: 75. godišnjica Prvog zasjedanja ZAVNOBiH-a: Povijesna utemeljenost obnovljene državnosti Bosne i Hercegovine u 20. i 21. stoljeću, Zbornik radova, Posebna izdanja, knjiga CLXXIX, Odjeljenje društvenih nauka, knjiga 11/1, Odjeljenje humanističkih nauka, knjiga 46/1, Akademija nauka i umjetnosti Bosne i Hercegovine, Sarajevo 2019, 574 str.
Review: Historijski pogledi//Historical Views, god. II, br. 2, Centar za istraživanje moderne i savremene historije Tuzla, Tuzla 2019, 485 str.
Authors:   PI Elementary School ", Bošnjaković Damir ,   Vozuća"
Published: March 2021

Review: Historijski pogledi//Historical Views, god. II, br. 2, Centar za istraživanje moderne i savremene historije Tuzla, Tuzla 2019, 485 str.
Conference Report: Izvještaj sa Naučne manifestacije „Historijski pogledi 2“, Tuzla, 8. i 9. novembar 2019. godine
Authors:   Center for Research of Modern and Contemporary History Tuzla, Jajčević Jasmin
Published: March 2021

Conference Report: Izvještaj sa Naučne manifestacije „Historijski pogledi 2“, Tuzla, 8. i 9. novembar 2019. godine
Qualidade ambiental e seus condicionantes: uma análise multivariada para os municipios do Río Grande do Sul
Authors: De Lima da Vida Pellenz Jessica , Puchale Caroline Lucion
Published: March 2021

A discussão sobre os possíveis problemas ocasionados pela má qualidade ambiental vem ganhando força nos últimos anos. Segundo o relatório Healthy Environment, Healthy People, existe forte relação entre qualidade ambiental, saúde e bem-estar, e que 12,6 milhões das mortes ocorridas no mundo são causadas por más condições ambientais. Este artigo objetiva construir um índice de qualidade ambiental (IQA) para os municípios do Rio Grande do Sul através de análise fatorial, identifi cando as condições ambientais dos municípios gaúchos. Uma análise exploratória de dados espaciais (AEDE) também foi realizada, permitindo a visualização das relações entre o IQA e as características dos agrupamentos (cluster) espaciais. Os resultados apontam que o IQA médio do estado é considerado alto e que os municípios de maior e menor índice são Canguçu e Porto Alegre, respectivamente.
El desempeño cambiario del sector automotriz en Argentina y el impacto de la inversión
Authors: Pérez Artica Rodrigo
Published: March 2021

En una economía afectada por la escasez de divisas, el complejo automotriz argentino muestra el peor desempeño cambiario entre los sectores cubiertos por las estadísticas del Banco Central de la República Argentina. Aquí se revisan las causas del défi cit externo del sector para el período 2003-2016, considerando la totalidad de los pagos y cobros en divisas del sector. Se documenta que el ingreso de capitales externos hacia fi rmas del sector está correlacionado a mediano plazo con importantes salidas netas de divisas, agudizando el desequilibrio externo. Además, aunque la inversión del segmento autopartista es baja, se argumenta que esta no es la causa del mal desempeño externo, sino más bien un resultado negativo más del esquema de articulación regional de la producción, que relega la producción local de autopartes.
From auction theory to market design: Paul Milgrom and Robert Wilson’s contributions to Economics
Authors: Arozamena Leandro , Fioriti Andres , Weinschelbaum Federico
Published: March 2021

The 2020 Economics Nobel Prize was awarded to Paul Milgrom and Robert Wilson. Both laureates have made seminal, crucial contributions to auction theory and practical market design. Here, we briefly describe those contributions and their significance within the general context of auction theory and practice. We also review the laureates’ substantial and highly influential work in other areas of economics.
Pengaruh Gaya Kepemimpinan Demokratik Terhadap Kinerja Karyawan Dengan Menggunakan Motivasi Sebagai Variabel Moderator
Authors: Augi Genefaith Grace , Sambung Roby , Panjaitan Olivia Wiinda Ony
Published: March 2021

Tujuan  - Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memberikan penjelasan secara empiris tentang Pengaruh Gaya Kepemimpinan Terhadap Kinerja Karyawan Dengan Menggunakan Motivasi Sebagai Variabel.

Desain/Methodologi/Pendekatan - Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah pendekatan penelitian asosiatif-kuantitatif. Populasi dan sampel pada penelitian ini adalah seluruh karyawan PT.Telkom Indonesia Palangka Raya yang berjumlah 48 orang dengan teknik sensus. Data yang terkumpul dianalisis dengan menggunakan pendekatan Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) dan efek Moderasi dengan menganalisis menggunakan Partial Least Square (PLS).  Software yang digunakan adalah SmartPLS 3.2.7.

Temuan penelitian - Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Gaya Kepemimpinan berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap kinerja karyawan, dan Motivasi sebagai variabel moderator mampu memoderasi secara positif dan signifikan hubungan antara Gaya Kepemimpinan dengan Kinerja Karyawan di PT.Telkom Indonesia Palangka Raya.