bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Outcomes following suicidal crisis among hazardous and harmful alcohol users in the Crisis Resolution Team
Authors: Robins John E. , Morley Katherine I. , Hayes Richard D. , Pritchard Megan , Kornblum Daisy , Kalk Nicola J.
Published: January 2023

Despite associations between alcohol use and suicidal acts, little research measures prognoses of alcohol‐using patients treated by Crisis Resolution Teams (CRTs), an intensive community‐based intervention. We estimated the association of alcohol use amongst patients accepted following suicidal acts or ideation in four London‐based Crisis Resolution Teams, with death‐by‐any‐cause or recontact with crisis care. We analysed the electronic health records of 1615 CRT patients accepted following suicidal acts or ideation over 38 months, following STROBE guidelines. Using logistic regression we estimated the association of alcohol use (indicated by risk‐assessment, AUDIT, or ICD‐10 diagnosis) with death‐or‐recontact at (i) 30‐days and (ii) 1‐year after treatment start, adjusted for age, sex, ethnicity, psychiatric diagnosis, and severity of need. Hazardous, harmful, or dependent drinking was identified in 270 cases at baseline (16.7%); 73 (4.5%) were alcohol dependent. By 1‐year, 622 patients (38.5%) had recontacted crisis care or died. After adjustment, alcohol use at a hazardous, harmful, or dependent level was not associated with increased odds of death‐or‐recontact at 30‐days (AOR 1.17, 95%CI 0.73, 1.88) or 1‐year (AOR 1.17, 95%CI 0.85, 1.60). Patients with hazardous, harmful, and dependent alcohol use are a small proportion of CRT patients, despite being more commonly encountered in emergency settings from which patients may be referred to CRTs, indicating a potential gap in provision. Those who are included in CRTs are not at increased risk of death‐or‐recontact within 1 year of treatment, suggesting that their inclusion can work, at least in a sample with predominantly hazardous or harmful alcohol use.
The impact of board reforms on audit fees: International evidence
Authors: Kim Incheol , Kong Joon Ho , Yang Rong
Published: January 2023

In this study, we investigate whether and to what extent country‐level board reforms affect audit pricing decisions. We find audit fees are positively associated with board reforms. An increase in audit fees is more pronounced for firms that switched up to Big N auditors following board reforms. After board reforms, firms are less likely to issue restatements, and both analyst forecast accuracy and management forecast frequency increase, indicating improved audit quality and information transparency in the postreform period. Moreover, the positive relation between board reforms and audit fees is more evident for firms in countries that lack institutional governance mechanisms, captured by emerging capital markets, high political risk, weak governmental enforcement actions and low corporate governance quality. Overall, our findings broadly support the view that audit fees increase upon demand for better audit quality.
Simple radiologic assessment of visceral obesity and prediction of surgical morbidity in endometrial cancer patients undergoing laparoscopic aortic lymphadenectomy: A reliability and accuracy study
Authors: Correa‐Paris Alejandro , Gorraiz Ochoa Verónica , Hernandez Gutiérrez Alicia , Gilabert Estellés Juan , Díaz‐Feijoo Berta , Gil‐Moreno Antonio
Published: January 2023

Aim

To evaluate the reliability of sagittal abdominal diameter (SAD)—a surrogate of visceral obesity—in magnetic resonance imaging, and its accuracy to predict the surgical morbidity of aortic lymphadenectomy.

Methods

We conducted a multicenter reliability (phase 1) and accuracy (phase 2) cohort study in three Spanish referral hospitals. We retrospectively analyzed data from the STELLA‐2 randomized controlled trial that included high‐risk endometrial cancer patients undergoing minimally invasive surgical staging. Patients were classified into subgroups: conventional versus robotic‐assisted laparoscopy, and transperitoneal versus extraperitoneal technique. In the first phase, we measured the agreement of three SAD measurements (at the umbilicus, renal vein, and inferior mesenteric artery) and selected the most reliable one. In phase 2, we evaluated the diagnostic accuracy of SAD to predict surgical morbidity. Surgical morbidity was the main outcome measure, it was defined by a core outcome set including variables related to blood loss, operative time, surgical complications, and para‐aortic lymphadenectomy difficulty.

Results

In phase 1, all measurements showed good inter‐rater and intra‐rater agreement. Umbilical SAD (u‐SAD) was the most reliable one. In phase 2, we included 136 patients. u‐SAD had a good diagnostic accuracy to predict surgical morbidity in patients undergoing transperitoneal laparoscopic lymphadenectomy (0.73 in ROC curve). It performed better than body mass index and other anthropometric measurements. We calculated a cut‐off point of 246 mm (sensitivity: 0.56, specificity: 0.80).

Conclusions

u‐SAD is a simple, reliable, and potentially useful measurement to predict surgical morbidity in endometrial cancer patients undergoing minimally invasive surgical staging, especially when facing transperitoneal aortic lymphadenectomy.
Feasibility of delivering survivorship care via lay health educators: A pilot randomized controlled trial among rural cancer survivors
Authors: Duggan Catherine , Cushing‐Haugen Kara L. , Cole Allison M. , Allen Jeffrey , Gilles Ryan , Hornecker Jaime R. , Gutierrez Adrianna I. , Warner Jude , Baker K. Scott , Ceballos Rachel M. , Chow Eric J.
Published: January 2023

Purpose

We tested the feasibility of survivorship care plan (SCP) delivery with/without a lay health educator (LHE) telephone‐delivered information session among rural cancer survivors, and their effects on health‐related self‐efficacy and knowledge of cancer history.

Methods

Randomized trial of cancer survivors from 3 rural oncology clinics featuring either SCP alone (control) or SCP plus LHE‐delivered information session (intervention). Participants completed a questionnaire on health‐related self‐efficacy and knowledge of cancer‐specific medical history. Responses were compared to medical records for accuracy. SCPs were then mailed to participants. Approximately 5 months later, participants completed a follow‐up questionnaire. A subset of participants took part in subsequent qualitative interviews about their study experience.

Findings

Of 301 survivors approached, 72 (23.9%) were randomized (mean age 66.4 years; 3.1 years from diagnosis; 62.5% female), and 65 (90.3%) completed the study. Global mental and physical health or self‐efficacy scores did not change significantly from baseline to follow‐up for either group. In exploratory analyses, self‐efficacy increased in participants with inadequate/marginal health literacy in the intervention arm (+0.7, 95% CI = 0.1‐1.2; P = .01). Accuracy of knowledge did not improve but was high at baseline (mean 76.0±14.5%). 60.1% and 48.4% of control and intervention participants, respectively, found SCPs definitely/somewhat useful. Qualitative data (n = 20) suggested that SCPs were helpful to patients when primary and oncology care were less integrated.

Conclusions

An LHE‐delivered informational session was feasible but had limited benefit to rural cancer survivors versus delivery of SCP alone but may be of benefit to patients with low health literacy or with less integrated care.
Prognostic value of non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease fibrosis score in patients undergoing cardiac resynchronization therapy
Authors: Acar Burak , Celikyurt Umut , Agacdiken Aysen , Vural Ahmet
Published: January 2023

Background

Cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) is an effective option in the treatment of patients with heart failure and wide QRS. Non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) fibrosis score (NFS) has been shown to predict cardiac events in several patient populations. However, the relationship between NFS and response to CRT has not been investigated. The aim of the study was to investigate the predictive role of NFS in the assessment of response after CRT.

Methods

Three hundred thirty‐six patients with heart failure undergoing CRT were prospectively studied. Liver fibrosis were assessed according to the non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease fibrosis score (NFS), which includes age, body mass index, impaired fasting glycemia or diabetes mellitus, aspartate aminotransferase /alanine aminotransferase ratio, platelets, and albumin. Echocardiographic response to CRT was defined by a ≥15% reduction in left ventricular end‐systolic volume at six months at follow‐up.

Results

Two hundred thirty‐eight patients (71%) had CRT response after 6 months of follow‐up. Receiver–operator characteristic curve analysis showed NFS cutoff value of < ‐1.12 for predicting CRT response with a sensitivity of 70.4% and a specificity of 52.9%. The patients were also divided into four groups according to the quartiles of NFS. The proportion of response to CRT was increased with lower level of NFS value. Multivariate logistic regression analysis demonstrated the NFS score < ‐1.12 and LVIDs were independent predictors of the CRT response. In the second model of analysis which included NFS, quartiles demonstrated that fourth NFS quartile and LVIDs were independent predictors of CRT response.

Conclusion

Liver fibrosis assessed by NFS can provide valuable information to predict reverse remodeling in patients undergoing CRT. The present study supports monitoring of NFS to improve preoperative risk stratification of these patients.
Pharmacokinetics of dexmedetomidine in pediatric patients undergoing cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass
Authors: Kim Eun‐Hee , Choi Byung‐Moon , Kang Pyoyoon , Lee Ji‐Hyun , Kim Hee‐Soo , Jang Young‐Eun , Ji Sang‐Hwan , Noh Gyu‐Jeong , Cho Joo‐Youn , Kim Jin‐Tae
Published: January 2023

Background

Cardiopulmonary bypass can affect the pharmacokinetics of anesthetic agents.

Aims

We aimed to evaluate the pharmacokinetics of dexmedetomidine for infants and small children undergoing cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass based on population pharmacokinetics.

Methods

We enrolled 30 pediatric cardiac surgical patients in this study. After anesthetic induction with atropine (0.02 mg/kg), thiopental sodium (5 mg/kg), and fentanyl (2–3 μg/kg), we administered 1 μg/kg of dexmedetomidine for 10 min, followed by administration of 0.5 μg/kg of dexmedetomidine per hour during surgery. At the initiation of cardiopulmonary bypass, 1 μg/kg of dexmedetomidine was infused over 5 min. Arterial blood was obtained at predefined time points. A pharmacokinetic model was developed using NONMEM. Theory‐based allometric scaling with fixed exponents was applied. Weight, age, post‐menstrual age, fat‐free mass, whether to implement cardiopulmonary bypass and temperature were explored as covariates.

Results

A total of 376 blood samples were obtained from 29 children (age: 20.3 ± 19.3 months, weight: 9.7 ± 4.1 kg). A two‐compartment mammillary model with third compartment associated cardiopulmonary bypass procedure best explained the pharmacokinetics of dexmedetomidine. The pharmacokinetic parameter estimates (95% CI) standardized to a 70‐kg person were as follows: V1 (L) = 31.6 (17.9–39.5), V2 (L) = 90.1 (44.0–330), Cl (L/min) = 1.08 (0.70–1.25), Q (L/min) = 2.0 (1.05–3.46). Volume for third compartment associated cardiopulmonary bypass procedure (L) = 39.4 (19.3–50.9). Clearance was not influenced by the presence of cardiopulmonary bypass in this model.

Conclusion

When cardiopulmonary bypass is applied, the plasma concentration of dexmedetomidine decreases due to an increase in the volume of distribution, so a loading dose is required to maintain the previous concentration.
Ethical turn in the social sciences
Authors: Canceran Delfo C.
Published: January 2023

This paper discusses the ethical or moral turn of the social sciences, especially in sociology in the works of Zygmunt Bauman and in anthropology in the works of Didier Fassin. These scholars have embarked on relating morals or ethics to their particular area of specialization. We note that their contributions have highlighted the moral or ethical questions in their respective field works and empirical observations and have produced moral or ethical discourses or frameworks in their respective area or field. Ethics or morality (sometimes) morals is not just a theory but also practice in their respective disciplines and advocacies. This moral or ethical practice is translated into questioning our cognitive frameworks and political consequences of globalization or consumerism affecting some groups or individuals in contemporary world. We shall consider morality as human actions while ethics is the reflections on those actions.
Description of the novel allele HLA‐B*07:473, identified in a bone marrow donor
Authors: Cheranev Valery , Smirnova Daria , Jankevic Tatiana , Loginova Maria , Korostin Dmitry
Published: January 2023

The new HLA‐B*07:473 allele showed two nonsynonymous nucleotide differences compared with the HLA‐B*07:02:01:01 allele in codon 116.
Religious education and the concept of universal fraternity in the light of the encyclical Fratelli tutti of Pope Francis
Authors: Rybicki Adam , Mąkosa Paweł , Mazur Radosław
Published: January 2023

In the face of growing tensions between nations, communities, and individuals, it is necessary to build understanding and dialog between them. Political, economic, and cultural activities are not always sufficient and effective, due to the fact that attitudes toward other people depend less on systemic solutions, laws, and procedures than on what is inside human beings, their empathy and solidarity. Pope Francis has therefore proposed a platform for understanding and peace‐building between people that relates to people's interior development, that is, the idea of universal fraternity. This term, used after Pope Francis, is understood as fraternity of both men and women, brothers and sisters. The article analyzes this concept and indicates how religious education in a broad sense can contribute to the promotion of this idea. The problem hereof can be expressed in the questions: How to understand the idea of universal fraternity, how to realize that we are all sisters and brothers, what concrete fruits could the realization of this idea bring? What role does religious education play in acceptance and understanding, and then implementation as well as promotion of this idea that cannot be reduced to the transmission of knowledge alone?
Motivic homological stability of configuration spaces
Authors: Horel Geoffroy , Palmer Martin
Published: January 2023

We prove that some of the classical homological stability results for configuration spaces of points in manifolds can be lifted to motivic cohomology.
Criteria for solubility and nilpotency of finite groups with automorphisms
Authors: Acciarri Cristina , Guralnick Robert M. , Shumyatsky Pavel
Published: January 2023

Let be a finite group admitting a coprime automorphism . Let denote the set of all commutators , where belongs to an ‐invariant Sylow subgroup of . We show that is soluble or nilpotent if and only if any subgroup generated by a pair of elements of coprime orders from the set is soluble or nilpotent, respectively.
Stability Analysis of Nonlinear Rotating Systems Using Lyapunov Characteristic Exponents Estimated From Multibody Dynamics
Authors: Cassoni Gianni , Zanoni Andrea , Tamer Aykut , Masarati Pierangelo
Published: January 2023

The use of Lyapunov characteristic exponents to assess the stability of nonlinear, time-dependent mechanical systems is discussed. Specific attention is dedicated to methods capable of estimating the largest exponent without requiring the Jacobian matrix of the problem, which can be applied to time histories resulting from simulations performed with existing multibody solvers. Helicopter ground resonance is analyzed as the reference application. Improvements over the available literature are: the problem is formulated in physical coordinates, without eliminating periodicity through multiblade coordinates; the rotation of the blades is not linearized; the problem is modeled considering absolute positions and orientations of parts. The dynamic instability that arises at some angular velocities when the isotropy of the rotor is broken (e.g., caused by the failure of one lead-lag damper, a design test condition) is observed to evolve into a large amplitude limit cycle, where the usual Floquet–Lyapunov analysis of the linearized time-periodic simply predicts instability.
Dystonic posturing with athetoid movements in stroke without thalamic lesion
Authors: Ferreira Axel , Carvalho Vanessa , Coelho Paulo Simões
Published: January 2023

Complex hyperkinetic movement disorders are a rare complication of stroke, frequently involving posterolateral contralateral thalamic lesions. One of the proposed mechanisms for these presentations is proprioceptive impairment, hence not involving deregulation of the basal ganglia-thalamocortical circuits. We report a patient who presented with dystonic posturing and athetoid movements with onset 2 years after right frontoparietotemporal stroke. Brain MRI showed no thalamic lesion. Based on the phenomenology, a diagnosis of pseudochoreoathetosis was proposed. To our knowledge, this is the first case report of poststroke pseudochoreoathetosis without thalamic involvement.
Listeriameningitis associated with tonsillar herniation in an immunocompetent school-aged child
Authors: Nguyen Thao Luong Tuan , Bista Bibek , Ellsworth Misti Guarnere , Dahm Paul Herbert
Published: January 2023

Listeria monocytogenescan cause severe illnesses such as gastroenteritis, sepsis and neurolisteriosis, especially in infants, the elderly and immunocompromised patients. We report a case of a previously healthy school-aged girl presenting with severe neurological deficits found to haveListeriameningoencephalitis. Her potential exposure toL. monocytogeneswas consumption of contaminated cheese. She had some clinical improvement after initiation of tailoredListeriaanti-microbial coverage with ampicillin and gentamicin; however, she developed hydrocephalus requiring external ventricular drain placement and tonsillar herniation requiring emergent posterior fossa decompression. The patient made significant improvements after neurosurgical intervention, and along with continued antibiotics and subsequent rehabilitation services, she improved to near full recovery within a year. The case highlights that neurolisteriosis can affect even immunocompetent children, and aggressive neurosurgical interventions should be considered in patients who develop severe complications such as hydrocephalus and tonsillar herniation to improve outcomes.
Mesh erosion into skin following laparoscopic totally extraperitoneal (TEP) inguinal hernia repair
Authors: Soon Chen Ying , Siow Sze Li
Published: January 2023

With increasing utilisation of meshes in inguinal hernia repair, reports of mesh-related complications are emerging, particularly late visceral complications, with mesh migration and erosion into the small bowel, bladder and colon reported after laparoscopic totally extraperitoneal (TEP) inguinal hernia repair. We present a case of spontaneous mesh migration through the superficial inguinal ring with skin erosion following TEP inguinal hernia repair, the first published report in the literature to our knowledge. This case highlights the difficulty in diagnosis due to the long latent period of hernia repair and the onset of erosion. A high index of suspicion is required when diagnosing any patient who presents with an unexplained groin abscess following ipsilateral TEP repair. CT scan should be performed early for diagnosis and assessment. Removal of the migrated portion of the mesh, antibiotic therapy and secondary wound closure are strategies for the successful treatment of this complication.
ASRA Pain Medicine consensus guidelines on the management of the perioperative patient on cannabis and cannabinoids
Authors: Shah Shalini , Schwenk Eric S , Sondekoppam Rakesh V , Clarke Hance , Zakowski Mark , Rzasa-Lynn Rachel S , Yeung Brent , Nicholson Kate , Schwartz Gary , Hooten W Michael , Wallace Mark , Viscusi Eugene R , Narouze Samer
Published: January 2023

Background

The past two decades have seen an increase in cannabis use due to both regulatory changes and an interest in potential therapeutic effects of the substance, yet many aspects of the substance and their health implications remain controversial or unclear.

Methods

In November 2020, the American Society of Regional Anesthesia and Pain Medicine charged the Cannabis Working Group to develop guidelines for the perioperative use of cannabis. The Perioperative Use of Cannabis and Cannabinoids Guidelines Committee was charged with drafting responses to the nine key questions using a modified Delphi method with the overall goal of producing a document focused on the safe management of surgical patients using cannabinoids. A consensus recommendation required ≥75% agreement.

Results

Nine questions were selected, with 100% consensus achieved on third-round voting. Topics addressed included perioperative screening, postponement of elective surgery, concomitant use of opioid and cannabis perioperatively, implications for parturients, adjustment in anesthetic and analgesics intraoperatively, postoperative monitoring, cannabis use disorder, and postoperative concerns. Surgical patients using cannabinoids are at potential increased risk for negative perioperative outcomes.

Conclusions

Specific clinical recommendations for perioperative management of cannabis and cannabinoids were successfully created.
Short-term and long-term survival in patients with prevalent haemodialysis—an integrated prognostic model: external validation
Authors: Davison Sara N , Rathwell Sarah
Published: January 2023

Objectives

Prognostic tools with evidence for external validity in routine clinical practice are needed to align care with patients’ preferences and deliver timely supportive services. Current models have limited, if any, evidence for external validity and none have been implemented and evaluated in clinical practice on a large scale. This study sought to provide evidence for external validity in a real life setting of the Cohen prognostic model that integrates actuarial factors with the ‘Surprise Question’ to assess 6-month, 12-month and 18-month survival of prevalent haemodialysis patients.

Methods

Cross-sectional study of 1372 patients in a Canadian university-based programme between 2010 and 2019. Survival probabilities were compared with observed survival. Discrimination and calibration were assessed through predicted risk-stratified observed survival, cumulative AUC, Somer’s Dxy and a calibration slope estimate.

Results

Discrimination performance was moderate with a C statistic of 0.71–0.72 for all three time points. The model overpredicted mortality risk with the best predictive accuracy for 6- month survival. The differences between observed and mean predicted survival at 6 months, 12 months and 18 months were 3.2%, 8.8% and 12.9%, respectively. Kaplan-Meier curves stratified by Cox-based risk group showed good discrimination between high-risk and low-risk patients with HR estimates (95% CI): C2 vs C1 3.07 (1.57–5.99), C3 vs C1 5.85 (3.06–11.17), C4 vs C1 13.24 (6.91–25.34)).

Conclusions

The Cohen prognostic model can be incorporated easily into routine dialysis care to identify patients at high risk for death over 6 months, 12 months and 18 months and help target vulnerable patients for timely supportive care interventions.
Differences in left and right carotid plaque vulnerability in patients with bilateral carotid plaques: a CARE-II study
Authors: Shao Sai , Shi Honglu , Wang Guangbin , Li Rui , Sun Qinjian , Yao Bin , Watase Hiroko , Hippe Daniel S , Yuan Chun , Zhao Xihai
Published: January 2023

Background and purpose

Atherosclerosis is a very complex process influenced by various systemic and local factors. Therefore, in patients with bilateral carotid plaques (BCPs), there may be differences in carotid plaque vulnerability between the sides. We aimed to investigate the differences in BCP characteristics in patients with BCPs using magnetic resonance vessel wall imaging (MR-VWI).

Methods

Participants with BCPs were selected for subanalysis from a multicentre study of Chinese Atherosclerosis Risk Evaluation II. We measured carotid plaque burden, identified each plaque component and measured their volume or area bilaterally on MR-VWI. Paired comparisons of the burden and components of BCPs were performed.

Results

In all, 540 patients with BCPs were eligible for analysis. Compared with the right carotid artery (CA), larger mean lumen area (p<0.001), larger mean wall area (p=0.025), larger mean total vessel area (p<0.001) and smaller normalised wall index (p=0.006) were found in the left CA. Regarding plaque components, only the prevalence of lipid-rich necrotic core (LRNC) in the left CA was higher (p=0.026). For patients with a vulnerable plaque component coexisting on both sides, only the intraplaque haemorrhage (IPH) volume (p=0.011) was significantly greater in the left CA than in the right CA.

Conclusions

There were asymmetries in plaque growth and evolution between BCPs. The left carotid plaques were more likely to have larger plaque burden, higher prevalence of LRNC and greater IPH volume, which may contribute to the lateralisation of ischaemic stroke in the cerebral hemispheres.
Stability of nontopological string in supersymmetric SU(2)×U(1) gauge theory
Authors: Kanda Yukihiro , Maekawa Nobuhiro
Published: January 2023

We construct a nontopological string solution for a supersymmetric gauge theory with [Formula: see text] gauge symmetry which is spontaneously broken to [Formula: see text] by developing the vacuum expectation value of two doublet Higgses. It is a supersymmetric extension of the electroweak string while supersymmetry is unbroken. We discuss the classical stability of the nontopological string by perturbations. We show that the classical stability is determined only by two parameters, and that the allowed region becomes essentially the same as in the electroweak string.
The general one-loop structure for the LFV Higgs decays Hr→lalb in multi-Higgs models with neutrino masses
Authors: Zeleny-Mora M. , Lorenzo Díaz-Cruz J. , Félix-Beltrán O.
Published: January 2023

In this paper, we present general formulae for the calculation of LFV Higgs decays [Formula: see text] at one-loop, with [Formula: see text] being part of the Higgs spectrum of a generic multi-scalar extension of the Standard Model (SM) with neutrino masses. We develop a method based on a classification of the particles appearing in the loop diagrams (scalars, fermions and vectors), and by identifying the corresponding couplings, we are able to present compact expressions for the form factors involved in the amplitudes. Our results are applicable to models where Flavor Changing Neutral Currents (FCNC) are forbidden at the tree level, but change of flavor is induced by charged currents. Then, as applications of our formalism, we evaluate the branching ratio for the mode [Formula: see text], for two specific models: the See-Saw Type I-[Formula: see text]SM and the Scotogenic model (here [Formula: see text] corresponds to the SM-like Higgs boson); we find that the largest branching ratio for SM-like Higgs [Formula: see text] boson within the [Formula: see text]SM is of the order [Formula: see text], while for the Scotogenic model we find [Formula: see text], which satisfy the latest experimental LHC results.
New conformal field theories by gauging electric and magnetic currents
Authors: Nakayama Yu
Published: January 2023

Old folklore says that there is no nontrivial renormalization group fixed point with [Formula: see text] gauge symmetry in four dimensions, but it can be circumvented by the existence of magnetic monopoles. We propose to construct (potentially infinitely many) novel types of field theories with [Formula: see text] gauge symmetry by gauging [Formula: see text] global symmetry electrically and magnetically. If the construction is consistent, the resulting theory will most likely possess a nontrivial renormalization group fixed point for the [Formula: see text] gauge coupling constant and it will be a nontrivial conformal field theory without the [Formula: see text] global symmetry in the infrared upon tunings of other relevant deformations. If the construction is CP-violating, a renormalization of the [Formula: see text]-parameter is accompanied.
On the convergence of residual distribution schemes for the compressible Euler equations via dissipative weak solutions
Authors: Abgrall Rémi , Lukáčova-Medvid’ová Mária , Öffner Philipp
Published: January 2023

In this work, we prove the convergence of residual distribution (RD) schemes to dissipative weak solutions of the Euler equations. We need to guarantee that the RD schemes are fulfilling the underlying structure preserving methods properties such as positivity of density and internal energy. Consequently, the RD schemes lead to a consistent and stable approximation of the Euler equations. Our result can be seen as a generalization of the Lax–Richtmyer equivalence theorem to nonlinear problems that consistency plus stability is equivalent to convergence.
Simulating the Hamiltonian of dimer atomic spin model of one-dimensional optical lattice on quantum computers
Authors: Pradhan Sudev , Nayak Amlandeep , Satpathy Sritam Kumar , Behera Tanmaya Shree , Misra Ankita , Swain Debashis , Behera Bikash K.
Published: January 2023

The one-dimensional Ising model with its connections to several physical concepts plays a vital role in comprehension of several principles, phenomena and numerical methods. The Hamiltonian of a coupled one-dimensional dissipative spin system in the presence of magnetic field can be obtained from the Ising model. We simulate the above Hamiltonian by designing a quantum circuit with precise gate measurement and execute with the IBMQ experience platform through different [Formula: see text] states with controlled energy separation where we can check quantum synchronization in a dissipative lattice system. Our result shows the relation between various entangled states, the relation between the different energy separation ([Formula: see text]) with the spin–spin coupling ([Formula: see text]) in the lattice, along with fidelity calculations for several iterations of the model used. We also estimate the ground and first excited energy states of Ising-Hamiltonian using VQE algorithm and investigate the lowest energy values varying the number of layers of ansatz.
Quantifying emotions through quantum computations
Authors: Singh Jaiteg , Bhangu Kamalpreet Singh
Published: January 2023

Quantum computations are extensively used to solve challenging problems and emotion detection is one such field that has lot of potential to be explored. Classical studies can identify emotions but fail to observe their intensities at such minute level. The proposed research primarily intends to quantify the intensities related with happy and sad emotions on a quantum computer examining subjects within Amsterdam Dynamic Facial Expression Set (ADFES) dataset. Leveraging quantum ability to compute quantum state fidelity established closeness of the encoded states. We used quantum variational classifier technique for this experiment performed on the quantum simulator available on the IBM Quantum Experience platform.
Minimal scenario facet Bell inequalities for multi-qubit states
Authors: Das Arpan , Datta Chandan , Agrawal Pankaj
Published: January 2023

Facet inequalities play an important role in detecting the nonlocality of a quantum state. The number of such inequalities depends on the Bell test scenario. With the increase in the number of parties, measurement outcomes, or/and the number of measurement settings, there are more nontrivial facet inequalities. For several Bell scenarios, by involving two dichotomic measurement settings for two parties and one dichotomic measurement by other parties, we show that the local polytope has only one nontrivial facet. For three parties, we have three variants of this inequality, depending upon which party is doing one dichotomic measurement. This measurement scenario for a multipartite state may be considered as the minimal scenario involving multipartite correlations that can detect nonlocality. We show that this inequality is violated by all generalized GHZ states. Being the only facet Bell inequality, this inequality is also violated by any entangled three-qubit pure state. We also show that for noisy [Formula: see text] states, our inequality is more effective than the well-known Mermin inequality.
Media Lab: Infrastructure of Innovative Capacity
Authors: Wonglimpiyarat Jarunee
Published: January 2023

This paper addresses the mechanisms behind the Media Lab innovation infrastructure that help promote technology transfer and innovations. The analyses are based on the integrative lens of the competitive diamond model and the triple helix model. The findings reveal that the “Demo-or-Die” culture, a free-ranging and interdisciplinary approach to research, has effectively linked the Media Lab science fiction to the process of technology transfer. The government should take a less controlling role to engender the process of “innovation to create demand” and thrive high-tech initiatives. The empirical results and lessons of MIT Media Lab provide a model of promoting proliferation of future technological innovations.
Noether symmetries of tachyonic teleparallel cosmology with boundary term
Authors: Akbarieh Amin Rezaei , Ilkhchi Pouneh Safarzadeh , Kucukakca Yusuf
Published: January 2023

The nature of dark energy is an important issue studied in the field of cosmology. Currently, several models have been presented to describe the acceleration dynamics of the world. One of the models that adequately explains the acceleration of the universe is the tachyonic scalar model, which has been considered for the first time in string theories and retains appealing cosmological aspects. We are interested to examine tachyonic fields in the teleparallel gravity with a boundary term. We initially consider the background equations of the proposed model and conclude that the accelerated expansion can be adequately explained, so the tachyonic field remains a suitable candidate for dark energy. We applied the Noether symmetry approach to select unknown functions such as potential [Formula: see text] and coupling coefficients [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text], and in addition to accurately determining these functions, we were capable to obtain the conserved quantity is called the Noether charge. Next, according to these possible solutions, we solved the background equations numerically and typically obtained the parameters of Hubble, equation of state, energy density and deceleration parameter. We compared the model parameters with the observational data and concluded that our model could be well consistent with the observations in the coupling coefficient range of [Formula: see text].
Vibration Characteristics of Force–Electric–Thermal Coupling for Three-Dimensional Braided Piezoelectric Composite Energy Harvester
Authors: Meng Xiangxun , Wei Gaofeng , Li Anqing
Published: January 2023

In this study, three-dimensional (3D) braided composites are integrated into the substructure of the energy harvester and a 3D braided piezoelectric composite energy harvester (BPCEH) with good performance is proposed. A theoretical model of the 3D BPCEH under the force–electricity–thermal coupling is established, and the output response, which is affected by excitation frequency, load resistance, external excitation and temperature, is simulated. The results illustrate that the braided elastic layer can greatly enhance the mechanical performance of the 3D BPCEH. With the increase in temperature and braided angle, the inherent frequency of the 3D BPCEH migrates into the low-frequency direction and can make the inherent frequency of the 3D BPCEH closer to environmental frequencies.
Dynamic analysis of a predator–prey model of Gause type with Allee effect and non-Lipschitzian hyperbolic-type functional response
Authors: Puchuri Liliana , Bueno Orestes
Published: January 2023

In this work, we study a predator–prey model of Gause type, in which the prey growth rate is subject to an Allee effect and the action of the predator over the prey is determined by a generalized hyperbolic-type functional response, which is neither differentiable nor locally Lipschitz at the predator axis. This kind of functional response is an extension of the so-called square root functional response, used to model systems in which the prey have a strong herd structure. We study the behavior of the solutions in the first quadrant and the existence of limit cycles. We prove that, for a wide choice of parameters, the solutions arrive at the predator axis in finite time. We also characterize the existence of an equilibrium point and, when it exists, we provide necessary and sufficient conditions for it to be a center-type equilibrium. In fact, we show that the set of parameters that yield a center-type equilibrium, is the graph of a function with an open domain. We also prove that any center-type equilibrium is stable and it always possesses a supercritical Hopf bifurcation. In particular, we guarantee the existence of a unique limit cycle, for small perturbations of the system.
In the Arms of a Robot: Designing Autonomous Hugging Robots with Intra-Hug Gestures
Authors: Block Alexis E. , Seifi Hasti , Hilliges Otmar , Gassert Roger , Kuchenbecker Katherine J.
Published: January 2023

Hugs are complex affective interactions that often include gestures like squeezes. We present six new guidelines for designing interactive hugging robots, which we validate through two studies with our custom robot. To achieve autonomy, we investigated robot responses to four human intra-hug gestures: holding, rubbing, patting, and squeezing. A Total of 32 users each exchanged and rated 16 hugs with an experimenter-controlled HuggieBot 2.0. The robot’s inflated torso’s microphone and pressure sensor collected data of the subjects’ demonstrations that were used to develop a perceptual algorithm that classifies user actions with 88% accuracy. Users enjoyed robot squeezes, regardless of their performed action, they valued variety in the robot response, and they appreciated robot-initiated intra-hug gestures. From average user ratings, we created a probabilistic behavior algorithm that chooses robot responses in real time. We implemented improvements to the robot platform to create HuggieBot 3.0 and then validated its gesture perception system and behavior algorithm with 16 users. The robot’s responses and proactive gestures were greatly enjoyed. Users found the robot more natural, enjoyable, and intelligent in the last phase of the experiment than in the first. After the study, they felt more understood by the robot and thought robots were nicer to hug.
Study on the Influence of SAP on Properties of White Fair-Faced Concrete with Limestone Powder
Authors: Shi Jun , Zhang Fan , Zhuang Jinping , Wu Zhangbao , Chen Rong , Li Huixia
Published: January 2023

Introducing SAP internal curing material and limestone powder into white fair-faced concrete in order to greatly improve the durability of white fair-faced concrete, alleviate the influence of mechanical property deterioration caused by SAP, and facilitate the popularization and application of SAP and limestone powder in white fair-faced concrete. Therefore, this paper studies the effect of the content of SAP and limestone powder on the properties of white fair-faced concrete, conducts slump, electric flux, standard cube compressive strength, and splitting tensile strength tests, and examines SAP and limestone powder from a macroscopic perspective. The effect of the dosage on the properties of white, fair-faced concrete was explained by a scanning electron microscope (SEM) from a microscopic point of view. The results show that SAP can increase the slump of white fair-faced concrete, and the slump of SAP white fair-faced concrete increases with the addition of limestone powder content. Adding SAP can greatly reduce the electric flux of white fair-faced concrete. The addition of limestone powder can further reduce the electric flux and improve the durability and adding SAP will deteriorate the mechanical properties of white fair-faced concrete. Adding limestone powder is beneficial to the improvement of the mechanical properties of SAP mixed with white fair-faced concrete. Adding 30% limestone powder can give full play to the optimal performance of SAP white fair-faced concrete. SAP can refine the internal structure of white fair-faced concrete, and the filling and nucleation effects of limestone powder can improve the situation where SAP deteriorates the mechanical properties of white fair-faced concrete, further optimizing concrete internal structure.
Evaluation of Influencing Factors of Security Information Behavior of Online Medical Consultation Users
Authors: Deng Xiaozhao , Shan Wenxin , Zhou Yuli
Published: January 2023

In China, online medical consultation is regarded as part of the “Internet + medical treatment” and has gradually become an accepted way for people to seek medical advice. However, many factors can affect users’ security information behavior during the consultation process. In order to explore and evaluate the factors influencing the security information behavior of online medical consultation users, this paper firstly adopted semistructured interviews to collect data concerning the influencing factors originating from users themselves, other personnel, and the environment. Secondly, the Delphi method was used to determine the evaluation index system of the factors influencing the security information behavior of online medical consultation users based on the interview data. In this system, there are three first-level indexes, nine second-level indexes, and twenty-three third-level indexes. Finally, the weight of each evaluation index was calculated by the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) in the index system. This study improves and deepens the theoretical system of influencing factor evaluation of security information behavior. In addition, it also provides theoretical guidance and support for the more rational development of online medical consultation information services.
The Relationship between Diabetes Mellitus and Pancreatic Cancer—Diabetes Mellitus as a Red Flag for Pancreatic Cancer
Authors: Popovic Katarina , Smolović Brigita , Martinović Milica , Vučković Ljiljana
Published: January 2023

The relationship between diabetes mellitus (DM) and pancreatic cancer is complex—DM is both a risk factor and early sign of pancreatic cancer. DM is a risk factor for pancreatic cancer because it increases insulin resistance, intrapancreatic concentrations of insulin, and the bioavailability of IGF, subsequently promoting ductal cell proliferation. Accordingly, treatment targeting the insulin/IGF pathway is the focus of many researchers. Antidiabetic drugs modify the risk for pancreatic cancer—metformin's antineoplastic effect being most notable and indicating potential clinical use in pancreatic cancer. New-onset DM can also be the first manifestation of pancreatic cancer. There are several theories for the pathogenesis of DM in pancreatic cancer, the most important being that DM is a paraneoplastic syndrome caused by diabetogenic factors. As a consequence of this intricate relationship, new-onset DM after the age of 50 is considered a red flag for pancreatic cancer, prompting the need for screening in this patient population. Multiple clinical studies are currently underway exploring this matter. A better understanding of the relationship between DM and pancreatic cancer could aid in developing novel screening and treatment strategies for pancreatic cancer. This could ultimately improve the prognosis and quality of life of patients with pancreatic cancer.
Response to Neoadjuvant Targeted Therapy in Operable Head and Neck Cancer Confers Survival Benefit
Authors: Mascarella Marco A. , Olonisakin Tolani F. , Rumde Purva , Vendra Varun , Nance Melonie A. , Kim Seungwon , Kubik Mark W. , Sridharan Shaum S. , Ferris Robert L. , Fenton Moon J. , Clayburgh Daniel R. , Ohr James P. , Joyce Sonali C. , Sen Malabika , Herman James G. , Grandis Jennifer R. , Zandberg Dan P. , Duvvuri Umamaheswar
Published: January 2023

Purpose:

Neoadjuvant targeted therapy provides a brief, preoperative window of opportunity that can be exploited to individualize cancer care based on treatment response. We investigated whether response to neoadjuvant therapy during the preoperative window confers survival benefit in patients with operable head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC).

Patients and Methods:

A pooled analysis of treatment-naïve patients with operable HNSCC enrolled in one of three clinical trials from 2009 to 2020 (NCT00779389, NCT01218048, NCT02473731). Neoadjuvant regimens consisted of EGFR inhibitors (n = 83) or anti-ErbB3 antibody therapy (n = 9) within 28 days of surgery. Clinical to pathologic stage migration was compared with disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) while adjusting for confounding factors using multivariable Cox regression. Circulating tumor markers validated in other solid tumor models were analyzed.

Results:

92 of 118 patients were analyzed; all patients underwent surgery following neoadjuvant therapy. Clinical to pathologic downstaging was more frequent in patients undergoing neoadjuvant targeted therapy compared with control cohort (P = 0.048). Patients with pathologic downstage migration had the highest OS [89.5%; 95% confidence interval (CI), 75.7–100] compared with those with no stage change (58%; 95% CI, 46.2–69.8) or upstage (40%; 95% CI, 9.6–70.4; P = 0.003). Downstage migration remained a positive prognostic factor for OS (HR, 0.22; 95% CI, 0.05–0.90) while adjusting for measured confounders. Downstage migration correlated with decreased circulating tumor markers, SOX17 and TAC1 (P = 0.0078).

Conclusions:

Brief neoadjuvant therapy achieved pathologic downstaging in a subset of patients and was associated with significantly better DFS and OS as well as decreased circulating methylated SOX17 and TAC1.
Genetic Heterogeneity and Tissue-specific Patterns of Tumors with MultiplePIK3CAMutations
Authors: Sivakumar Smruthy , Jin Dexter X. , Rathod Ruchita , Ross Jeffrey , Cantley Lewis C. , Scaltriti Maurizio , Chen Jessica W. , Hutchinson Katherine E. , Wilson Timothy R. , Sokol Ethan S. , Vasan Neil
Published: January 2023

Purpose:

To comprehensively characterize tissue-specific and molecular subclasses of multiple PIK3CA (multi-PIK3CA) mutations and assess their impact on potential therapeutic outcomes.

Experimental Design:

We profiled a pan-cancer cohort comprised of 352,392 samples across 66 tumor types using a targeted hybrid capture-based next-generation sequencing panel covering at least 324 cancer-related genes. Molecularly defined subgroups, allelic configuration, clonality, and mutational signatures were identified and tested for association with PI3K inhibitor therapeutic response.

Results:

Multi-PIK3CA mutations are found in 11% of all PIK3CA-mutant tumors, including 9% of low tumor mutational burden (TMB) PIK3CA-mutant tumors, and are enriched in breast and gynecologic cancers. Multi-PIK3CA mutations are frequently clonal and in cis on the same allele and occur at characteristic positions across tumor types. These mutations tend to be mutually exclusive of mutations in other driver genes, and of genes in the PI3K pathway. Among PIK3CA-mutant tumors with a high TMB, 18% are multi-PIK3CA mutant and often harbor an apolipoprotein B mRNA-editing enzyme, catalytic polypeptide (APOBEC) mutational signature. Despite large differences in specific allele combinations comprising multi-PIK3CA mutant tumors, especially across cancer types, patients with different classes of multi-PIK3CA mutant estrogen receptor–positive, HER2-negative breast cancers respond similarly to PI3K inhibition.

Conclusions:

Our pan-tumor study provides biological insights into the genetic heterogeneity and tissue specificities of multi-PIK3CA mutations, with potential clinical utility to guide PI3K inhibition strategies.