bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pressions sur les terres
Authors: Holt-Giménez Eric , Galand Julie
Published: May 2022

Le concept de « souveraineté alimentaire » apparaît aujourd’hui incontournable tant dans l’opposition au développement agro-industriel que dans la résolution de la crise alimentaire mondiale. Pour promouvoir l’idée, une synergie s’impose entre organisations internationales militantes – comme la Via Campesina – et celles qui naissent de l’échange spontané de pratiques agro-écologiques entre petits paysans – comme Campesino a Campesino.
Pressions sur les terres
Authors: Teyssier André , Ramarojohn Landry , Andrianirina Ratsialonana Rivo
Published: May 2022

Les manœuvres d’appropriation foncière à grande échelle tentées par les entreprises Daewoo et Varun International à Madagascar ont participé à la déstabilisation du gouvernement Ravalomanana. Au-delà, elles ont mis en jeu deux modèles de développement : l’un confiant le développement du pays à l’agrobusiness d’exportation, l’autre priorisant la souveraineté alimentaire et une politique foncière favorable aux exploitations familiales.
Pressions sur les terres
Authors: Wandia Mary
Published: May 2022

En Afrique, les femmes sont soumises à une discrimination structurelle et systématique (coutumière, économique, politique…). Pourtant, elles sont généralement les gardiennes du savoir indigène et de la biodiversité. La reconnaissance formelle de droits protégeant explicitement les femmes ne suffit pas, il faut que les États africains veillent également à l’application de ceux-ci.
Psychiatrie, PTSD et demande d’asile
Authors: Huet Florence
Published: May 2022

De la psychothérapie institutionnelle à la neurobiologie, le changement d’orientation dans un service de psychiatrie vient questionner la place même du sujet dans les soins. Or la question de la subjectivité est particulière dans le traumatisme. Elle l’est aussi pour les demandeurs d’asile dans notre société. Accueillir des patients dans leur parcours d’exil souvent chaotique vient lourdement insister sur l’importance d’une psychiatrie humaine qui cherche à réhabiliter non seulement l’individu, mais bien le sujet, ses représentations, sa culture, son identité et tout ce qui fait son rapport à l’altérité.
À quoi sert la vidéosurveillance ?
Authors: Mucchielli Laurent
Published: May 2022

À partir d’une étude de terrain sur la vidéosurveillance, l’auteur montre que le déploiement de cette technologie n’a que peu d’impact sur la délinquance et est de plus en plus détourné vers la vidéo-verbalisation des infractions routières. Un monde sépare la réalité de terrain des discours politiques comme du marketing des industriels.
Promoting Mobility in the Intensive Care Unit: An Educational Interprofessional Initiative
Authors: Jones Janice , Steeg Linda , Ohtake Patricia M.
Published: May 2022

Background:

Collaborative interprofessional practice is essential in the critical care arena to promote quality, safety, and positive outcomes for patients. An interprofessional educational activity focusing on early mobilization of intubated intensive care patients was undertaken with senior level nursing students and physical therapy students. Evidence demonstrates that these patients have improved functional outcomes, fewer days requiring mechanical ventilation, fewer days of delirium, and decreased length of stay both within the intensive care unit (ICU) and hospital with early mobilization efforts.

Method:

Students applied knowledge from the literature, clinical guidelines, and evidence-based practices in developing a plan of care to facilitate early mobility of the intensive care intubated patient. A structured debriefing session followed.

Results:

Students developed a keen appreciation of collaborative, interprofessional, evidence-based care vital to patients who are intubated in the ICU.

Conclusion:

Student engagement in simulated interprofessional teams potentially influences their perceptions and attitudes about its benefits which are necessary for future professional practice.

[
J Nurs Educ
. 2022;61(9):537–541.]
Plateau-rayleigh instability of singular minimal surfaces
Authors: López Rafael
Published: May 2022

We prove a Plateau-Rayleigh criterion of instability for singular minimal surfaces, providing explicit bounds on the amplitude and length of the surface. More generally, we study the stability of \begin{document}$ \alpha $\end{document}-singular minimal hypersurfaces considered as hypersurfaces in weighted manifolds. If \begin{document}$ \alpha<0 $\end{document} and the hypersurface is a graph, then we prove that the hypersurface is stable. If \begin{document}$ \alpha>0 $\end{document} and the surface is cylindrical, we give numerical evidences of the instability of long cylindrical \begin{document}$ \alpha $\end{document}-singular minimal surfaces.
A non-intrusive model order reduction approach for parameterized time-domain Maxwell's equations
Authors: Li Kun , Huang Ting-Zhu , Li Liang , Zhao Ying , Lanteri Stéphane
Published: May 2022

We present a non-intrusive model order reduction (NIMOR) approach with an offline-online decoupling for the solution of parameterized time-domain Maxwell's equations. During the offline stage, the training parameters are chosen by using Smolyak sparse grid method with an approximation level \begin{document}$ L $\end{document} (\begin{document}$ L\geq1 $\end{document}) over a target parameterized space. For each selected parameter, the snapshot vectors are first produced by a high order discontinuous Galerkin time-domain (DGTD) solver formulated on an unstructured simplicial mesh. In order to minimize the overall computational cost in the offline stage and to improve the accuracy of the NIMOR method, a radial basis function (RBF) interpolation method is then used to construct more snapshot vectors at the sparse grid with approximation level \begin{document}$ L+1 $\end{document}, which includes the sparse grids from approximation level \begin{document}$ L $\end{document}. A nested proper orthogonal decomposition (POD) method is employed to extract time- and parameter-independent POD basis functions. By using the singular value decomposition (SVD) method, the principal components of the reduced coefficient matrices of the high-fidelity solutions onto the reduced-order subspace spaned by the POD basis functions are extracted. Moreover, a Gaussian process regression (GPR) method is proposed to approximate the dominating time- and parameter-modes of the reduced coefficient matrices. During the online stage, the reduced-order solutions for new time and parameter values can be rapidly recovered via outputs from the regression models without using the DGTD method. Numerical experiments for the scattering of plane wave by a 2-D dielectric cylinder and a multi-layer heterogeneous medium nicely illustrate the performance of the NIMOR method.
Boundary feedback stabilization of a critical nonlinear JMGT equation with Neumann-undissipated part of the boundary
Authors: Bongarti Marcelo , Lasiecka Irena
Published: May 2022

Boundary feedback stabilization of a critical third–order (in time) semilinear Jordan–Moore–Gibson–Thompson (JMGT) is considered. The word critical here refers to the usual case where media–damping effects are non–existent or non–measurable and therefore cannot be relied upon for stabilization purposes. Motivated by modeling aspects in high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) technology, the boundary feedback under consideration is supported only on a portion of the boundary. At the same time, the remaining part is undissipated and subject to Neumann/Robin boundary conditions. As such, unlike Dirichlet, it fails to satisfy the Lopatinski condition, a fact which compromises tangential regularity on the boundary [37]. In such a configuration, the analysis of uniform stabilization from the boundary becomes subtle and requires careful geometric considerations and microlocal analysis estimates. The nonlinear effects in the model demand construction of suitably small solutions which are invariant under the dynamics. The assumed smallness of the initial data is required only at the lowest energy level topology, which is sufficient to construct sufficiently smooth solutions to the nonlinear model.
The time evolution of the large exponential and power population growth and their relation to the discrete linear birth-death process
Authors: Abdel-Rehim E. A.
Published: May 2022

The Feller exponential population growth is the continuous analogues of the classical branching process with fixed number of individuals. In this paper, I begin by proving that the discrete birth-death process, $ M/M/1 $ queue, could be mathematically modelled by the same Feller exponential growth equation via the Kolmogorov forward equation. This equation mathematically formulates the classical Markov chain process. The non-classical linear birth-death growth equation is studied by extending the first-order time derivative by the Caputo time fractional operator, to study the effect of the memory on this stochastic process. The approximate solutions of the models are numerically studied by implementing the finite difference method and the fourth order compact finite difference method. The stability of the difference schemes are studied by using the Matrix method. The time evolution of these approximate solutions are compared for different values of the time fractional orders. The approximate solutions corresponding to different values of the birth and death rates are also compared.
An improved self-supervised learning for EEG classification
Authors: Ou Yanghan , Sun Siqin , Gan Haitao , Zhou Ran , Yang Zhi
Published: May 2022

Motor Imagery EEG (MI-EEG) classification plays an important role in different Brain-Computer Interface (BCI) systems. Recently, deep learning has been widely used in the MI-EEG classification tasks, however this technology requires a large number of labeled training samples which are difficult to obtain, and insufficient labeled training samples will result in a degradation of the classification performance. To address the degradation problem, we investigate a Self-Supervised Learning (SSL) based MI-EEG classification method to reduce the dependence on a large number of labeled training samples. The proposed method includes a pretext task and a downstream classification one. In the pretext task, each MI-EEG is rearranged according to the temporal characteristic. A network is pre-trained using the original and rearranged MI-EEGs. In the downstream task, a MI-EEG classification network is firstly initialized by the network learned in the pretext task and then trained using a small number of the labeled training samples. A series of experiments are conducted on Data sets 1 and 2b of BCI competition IV and IVa of BCI competition III. In the case of one third of the labeled training samples, the proposed method can obtain an obvious improvement compared to the baseline network without using SSL. In the experiments under different percentages of the labeled training samples, the results show that the designed SSL strategy is effective and beneficial to improving the classification performance.
Alkali-silica reaction in volcanic rocks: a worldwide comparative approach
Authors: Medeiros S. , Fernandes I. , Fournier B. , Nunes J.C. , Santos-Silva A. , Ramos V. , Soares D.
Published: May 2022

The potential alkali-silica reactivity (ASR) of volcanic aggregates, especially basalts, remains a source of debate in the scientific community. When evaluating the potentially deleterious character of this type of aggregate, different laboratory testing methods may produce contradictory data; this is particularly evident when using the accelerated mortar bar test (AMBT). In order to better understand such discrepancies, this study applied several methods of characterizing potential aggregate alkali reactivity, including the accelerated mortar bar test (AMBT), petrographic characterization, and the concrete prism test (CPT). Moreover, this study assessed volcanic aggregate samples from sites around the world, including the Azores, Brazil, Canada, the Canary and Hawaiian Islands, Iceland, Japan, Mozambique, New Zealand, Norway, and Turkey. The results obtained contribute to accurately assessing the potential alkali reactivity of volcanic aggregates and enhance the understanding of their different behaviours.
To Look Burnout in the Eye
Authors: Boggs George , Standridge Matthew T.
Published: May 2022

Vocational awe is the “set of ideas, values, and assumptions” accompanying “sacred calling” to certain service professions. This idea was first put forth by Fobazi Ettarh in relation to librarianship where it is proposed as a narrative construct that justifies abusive and dysfunctional systems in library science. In this chapter, the authors discuss the ways in which vocational awe is endemic in the helping professions and how it may function in relation to burnout. Using the authors' narratives of burnout as a framework for discussing vocational awe, this chapter focuses on similarities between teaching and family medicine.
EmBRACE the Transition
Authors: Kilpatrick Jennifer Renée , Gardiner-Walsh Stephanie J. , Scott Jessica A.
Published: May 2022

In this chapter, readers will meet three junior faculty in the niche field of deaf education who teach in different programs in different states. As doctoral students, they met at a field-specific conference about a decade before they wrote this chapter. Throughout the last 10 years, they have developed relationships as colleagues, friends, and now, co-authors. They share their experiences, both as individuals and as a collective, through the use of narrative storytelling and collaborative reflection. The authors reflect on and synthesize their stories with a focus on (1) the impacts of the K-12 experience on their transitions into higher education, (2) the role of the conference/organization during these transitions, and (3) the barriers and supports they encountered throughout the transitions. The chapter concludes with their advice to readers on how to emBRACE the transition from K-12 to higher education, using BRACE as an acronym for five proactive steps individuals can take to ensure a successful transition.
Teaching Out
Authors: Haskey-Valerius Brandon
Published: May 2022

This chapter makes the argument that, for queer teachers, the pursuit of educational spaces where one's personal and professional identities are safe to be fully authentic ultimately leads to the college teaching and learning space. This argument is illustrated through examples from the author's life where the merging of identities was not possible either through a lack of safety in being an out-of-the-closet gay man or stifled identity as a teacher. The chapter provides support from queer educational researchers and meaningful data on the realities of the places and spaces where queer teachers may teach and where they may want to teach.
Becoming the Teacher I Needed and Never Had
Authors: Osorio Sandra L.
Published: May 2022

As a Latina first-generation immigrant, the author reflects on her life trajectory that has lead her from the early childhood classroom to the university higher education. Reflecting on the journey has made her aware of some central themes that support her in moving forward in her trajectory, which includes 1) being proud of who you are even when you are not acknowledged or recognized by institutional spaces or individuals; 2) knowing and following what you are passionate about, which for her was the literacy instruction for early childhood Spanish bilingual students; 3) how to overcome obstacles, as well as lack of support and network at an institution; 4) dreaming big and how to take steps to make it a reality. She wants Latinx students' experiences to be valued and centered in classrooms across the United States, not just for her children, but for all the Latinx children both born in the United States and those that immigrated to the United States. This is what has been her main focus throughout her trajectory.
Brothers of Black and Gold
Authors: Phelps Darius Montez , Cho Michael
Published: May 2022

With being two male educators of color who are seeking to enter academia, the authors hope that their respective stories will resonate with different communities, especially communities of color. If their stories can impact and change the life of at least one person, that is sufficient enough for them. Diving into educational leadership is not for the faint hearted, but through their trials and tribulations, both independently and as a united pair, they now know that their destiny is to be that source of strength, inspiration, and encouragement that they needed as they evolved into the men that stand before you today. With this chapter, they want to create a new world, where all educators can walk hand in hand, despite one's ethnicity, race, class, gender, sexual orientation, or religious beliefs. A new world where they can unapologetically share their stories and experiences without any concern of facing shame or judgement.
ApPARENTly We're Scholars
Authors: Finley Stacie Lynn , Rudnick Dennis L.
Published: May 2022

This chapter is a culmination of conversations between two ParentScholars. One, an academic mother; the other, an academic father. Both share their journey from PK12 classrooms into higher education. Their lived experiences have shaped their identities and continue to transform who they are as parents and as scholars. The ParentScholars in this chapter examine not only their roles as parents and scholars, but also the ways in which gender and other social identities impact their lives. Major themes explored through their personal stories include expectations, communications, teaching, and decision-making. The authors name ParentScholar in an effort to better define and understand the complexities of what it means to be a parent and a scholar.
Identity Shifts
Authors: Boatright Michael D.
Published: May 2022

This chapter explores one high school teacher's journey of becoming a university professor and the identity shifts that occurred along the way. From realizing his own identity of unquestioned privilege to recognizing the often xenophobic forces at play in public schools that serve to demoralize immigrant students, the author describes the events that influenced his decision to leave his high school job and seek a position in higher education. In doing so, the author documents the transformative experience of doctoral studies, the unspoken, hectic process of getting a university teaching position, and the potential that adolescent literature holds for encouraging future teachers to question identities of privilege, teach empathy, and understand the innate humanity of their future students.
From Movie Theaters to History Class
Authors: Darbonne August J.
Published: May 2022

The Marvel Cinematic Universe has found much success among comic fans and novices alike. Bringing comic book storylines to the big screen has resulted in the public becoming familiar with once obscure characters and plots. This chapter discusses the use of Captain America: Civil War as a form of popular media to teach middle school students about the United States Civil War. Drawing parallels between historical events and the movie's plot resulted in an increase in students' understanding of the concepts of the United States Civil War and allowed students to connect their learning to their lived experiences and develop agency over their own learning. Through this experiment, the researcher developed a lesson plan for teaching the United States Civil War using popular media, which can also be duplicated for use with other historical events.
Culturally Sustaining, SEL-Based Practices in Disciplinary Literacy Curricular Spaces
Authors: Riesco Holly Sheppard , Carpenter de Cortina Rebecca , Schleiff Afton
Published: May 2022

The authors seek to illustrate how teachers can create a space of inclusive interaction through the development of curriculum and instruction that evidences culturally sustaining pedagogy and disciplinary literacy. In considering these two concepts, the authors also turn to the tenets of social and emotional learning to establish a framework for developing curriculum and instruction that acknowledges the complexity of the classroom space as a subculture. This consideration is not only crucial to making disciplinary discourses relevant, but also illustrating how curriculum and instruction play a critical role in students' learning as well as how they understand and locate themselves in the world that surrounds them. The goals of this chapter are to offer a framework that can help educators develop curriculum and instruction that supports students' emerging knowledge of the discipline, connect disciplinary knowledge to students' multiple discourses, and provide a pathway for generative SEL within and outside of the academic discipline itself.
Using Mentor Texts to Deconstruct Text Sets
Authors: Hylton Rhonda C. , Bintz William P.
Published: May 2022

We recognize that students need literacy practices that transcend grade levels and content areas as well as multiple opportunities to showcase and to see their culture(s) in the texts they read. Therefore, in this chapter, the authors consider how culturally and linguistically responsive pedagogy can help support literacy experiences for students and help educators better understand how to teach in ways that honor culture and language in a modern society. The chapter has three main goals: define mentor texts and review the literature on mentor texts across content areas, identify mentor texts across content areas and point to how teachers and teacher educators can use them to demonstrate a clear understanding of culturally and linguistically responsive pedagogy, and provide professional resources for teachers and teacher educators to utilize as they create literacy experiences that build knowledge around mentor texts for the purpose of developing cultural awareness.
Social Responsibility Reporting in Higher Education Institutions
Authors: Vale José , Bertuzi Rui , Monteiro Albertina Paula
Published: May 2022

This chapter analyzes research in social responsibility (SR) reporting in higher education institutions (HEI), addressing different aspects: a longitudinal assessment, the theoretical approaches, the adopted methodologies, and its main results. A systematic literature review is undertaken. To do so, the ISI Web of Knowledge and Scopus databases were used to retrieve the articles for analysis. The articles were limited to business and management research area. Findings show that literature on SR reporting in HEIs is still in its infancy and it is very heterogeneous, with only 24 articles addressing this theme. Most articles resorted to qualitative methodologies, emphasizing the case study. Findings also show a lack of normalization regarding reporting. Stakeholders' theory and the seek for legitimacy are crucial in SR disclosing in HEIs. Several contributions emerge, namely the provision of a comprehensive review of the current state of research on SR reporting in HEIs and, consequently, a call for increasing the awareness of such organizations towards the importance of this theme.
A Novel Ripple and Cyber Bullies Data Disclose (RACYBDD) Framework to Protect Images on Social Media
Authors: Usharani Bhimavarapu , Anitha Raju
Published: May 2022

Due to the advancement in internet technology, everyone can connect to anyone living anywhere in this world who is far away from us by using social media. Social media became a public place to share everyone's personal photos and videos. These photos or videos are viewed, shared, and even downloaded by their respective friends, someone from their friends' profiles, and even unrelated persons also without their permission. One of the risks from the social media is the cyber bullying or online harassment. Cyber bullies perpetrate either through denigration or doxing. The cyber bullies are anonymous, and it is very difficult for us to catch and punish them. The main aim of this chapter is to provide the privacy and security to the photos that are sharing on social media. This chapter proposes a novel algorithm to keep the photos safe that are uploading on social media and the extension of the novel algorithm to reveal the details of the cyber bullies those who performed morphing on the photos that were downloaded from social media.
Cyber Bullying and Violence Literacy in the Context of Digitalization
Authors: Kazan Hüseyin
Published: May 2022

The fact that technological developments are dominant in all areas of society has increased the number of communication channels and determined their quality. These media, which provide positive results in the context of interaction, provided important opportunities for individuals to interact interactively. The interaction process that started with mail, blog, and chat rooms has become more important with Web 3.0 and has become the most important channel that directs the communication of the society. The use of environments that offer important interactions such as Twitter, Facebook, and Instagram have not always been the right way. The violent language used in these places and the sharing of elements of violence have had negative consequences in society. The main purpose of this study is to present these results and propose solution options. In this context, digital literacy and especially violence literacy are the focuses.
Automotive Vehicle Security Standards, Regulations, and Compliance
Authors: Zanzig Jeffrey S. , Francia III Guillermo A.
Published: May 2022

The rapid advancement of automotive vehicle communication technology ushered in the expansion of the cyber-attack surface on this type of transport system. A recent study projects that there will be 200 million vehicles on the road worldwide with embedded connectivity by 2025. The security and safety of these vehicles and, most importantly, their occupants are paramount. Recognizing this need, organizations consisting of entities from governments, manufacturers, service providers, professionals, and/or trade groups are constantly introducing, revising, and updating automotive vehicle security standards and regulations. This chapter examines the state of automotive vehicle communication, their vulnerabilities and security issues, the existing security standards and regulations that apply to this type of transport, and the compliance and auditing issues related to these directives. The chapter concludes with reflections and directions for continuous improvements and future research.
Implications of Artificial Intelligence-Driven Deepfakes for Cybersecurity and Regulation in Nigeria
Authors: Ibrahim Adamkolo Mohammed , Jamri Bukar , Zakari Abubakar
Published: May 2022

The first quarter of the 21st century has barely passed, but a barrage of ‘disrupting' surprises emerged – from the proliferation of information and communication technologies (ICT) to the weaponisation of ICT itself. Hence, cyberfakes or cyber deceptions (e.g., deepfakes, fake news, and even hate speech) have the potential to cause monumental problems related to cybersecurity and other online information management for organisations, nations, and individuals. Because literature and theories related the novel cyber deceptions may be scanty, this chapter attempted to close this research and theoretical gaps by deriving concepts leading to the development of a ‘modelled framework' for the study of deepfakes and other related cyber deceptions and violence in social, organisational, or national contexts. Performing brainstorming reviews of extant literature, several theoretical concepts were derived leading to the development of the unified model of digital deception and online hate pronouncement. Policy recommendations were offered at the end.
Effect of Climate Change on Crop Productivity
Authors: Kumar Sundeep , Singh Amit Kumar , Bansal Ruchi , Kumari Jyoti , Sehgal Sunish Kumar
Published: May 2022

Climatic conditions have been changed drastically, which has become a big challenge to sustain agricultural production. Stagnation in production has been observed in the recent past due to different types of biotic and abiotic stresses. The present available varieties do not have resilience to climate change. To sustain the productivity and minimize the yield losses, the best way is to develop climate resilient cultivars, which can produce in abundance even under abrupt climate changes in a sustainable manner. For achieving this, a better understanding of crop response to the newly developed techniques is also required in order to satisfy the needs of the growing population. Further, improving the resilience of food production and minimizing risks against weather variability are essential for agriculture that can be achieved by broadening the genetic base of the varieties through introducing virgin germplasm as potential sources of genes for ensuring food security and sustainability in agriculture in developing countries and protecting natural resources.
Sustainable Management and Production of Biofortified Crops Through Green Technology
Authors: Kumar Arun , Sengar Rakesh Singh , Sudheer Surya
Published: May 2022

Hidden hunger is a term often used to describe malnutrition caused due to non/poor availability of minerals in the diet due to deficiency of micronutrients in staple food diet. Biofortification is an important, sustainable, and cost-effective technique of delivering micronutrients to a population that is not able to access diverse diets and other micronutrient interventions. This chapter deals with the aspects of crop biofortification, which includes breeding, agronomy, and genetic modification approaches. Here, the authors summarize the biofortification research that has been conducted on disparate crops. Success stories of biofortification include lysine and tryptophan-rich quality protein maize, Vitamin A-rich rice, Fe- and Zn-rich sorghum and pearl millet, anthocyanin- and β carotene-rich sweet potato, and several other crops for different micronutrients. Besides the challenges, the biofortified crops can fulfill the malnutrition challenge and have a bright future.
Integrative Agronomic Paradigm for Efficient Phytoremediation of Metal-Contaminated Soil
Authors: Saraswat Shweta , Rai J. P. N.
Published: May 2022

Soil pollution by heavy metals and metalloids has led to significant environmental and human health hazards. Conventional remediation technologies for trace elements are cost-intensive and degrade soil quality. Phytoremediation offers an in-situ, ecological, and economic technology for remediation of metals from soil employing hyperaccumulators. However, selection of phytoremediation technology for a given site depends on soil conditions, contaminant nature and concentration, coverage and depth of polluted area, nature of plant used, etc. As phytoremediation is a slower process, it alone becomes inefficient and thus requires integration of various agronomic practices such as plant genotypes, soil properties, irrigation, fertilizers and chelators addition, crop rotation, planting methods, weed and pest control, and inoculation of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria and mycorrhizae to up-scaling phytoremediation technology for reclaiming and restoring contaminated sites effectively in a short time span.
Polyhydroxyalkanoates Production in Transgenic Plants
Authors: Sengar R. S. , Chaudhary Reshu , Pandey Ashish , Chatterjee Aditi
Published: May 2022

In the present time, polyhydroxyalkanoates have established themselve as the alternatives of petroleum-based synthetic polymers due to their biodegradability and eco-friendly nature. In the last two decades, several scientists have engaged in search of cost-effective alternatives of producing PHA at larger scale. Therefore, many plant species have been genetically engineered for this purpose. The major obstacles in producing PHA polymers in transgenic plants are the regulation of the appropriate monomer's composition and ratio synthesized in their cells. Efforts are on the way to encounter these difficulties as soon as possible. The research is also going on to enhance the production and accumulation of these biopolymers in transgenic plants. Among the targeted cell organelles, plastids have been considered as the best sites for higher production of polyhydroxyalkanoates at cheaper costs because of its maternal inheritance and its being unaffected by gene silencing. Polyhydroxyalkanoates production technologies are still costly, but these could be cost effective in the near future.
Eco-Toxicology
Authors: Panwar Vinay , Gautam Laxman Singh
Published: May 2022

The duckweed test measures the inhibition of growth of the freshwater macrophyte, Lemma sp. This test is based on the OECD Test Guideline 221 and involves exposing Lemna sp. to contaminated water for 2-d. Two toxicity test endpoints are generally measured in this toxicity test: inhibition in growth rate and changes in biomass. The aquatic plant Lemna sp. belongs to the family Lemnacae, which has a number of worldwide species and is commonly referred to as duckweed. Lemna glbba and Lemna minor are species representative of temperature areas and are the most commonly used species in toxicity tests. Both species have a floating or submerged disc old stem (frond), and a very thin root emanates from the centre of the lower surface of each frond. Lemna sp reproduces by vegetative producing new fronds. Young plants have shorter roots and consist of two to three fronds of different sizes. The small size of Lemna, its simple structure, asexual reproduction, and generation time makes plants of this genus very suitable for laboratory testing.
Cropping Systems
Authors: Kumar Amit , Singh Raj , Kumar Permod , Dixit Rekha
Published: May 2022

The selection of the best crop rotation is very important for the productive property of agriculture. Crop rotation is extremely vital for soil fertility management and weed, insect, and malady management. Legumes are essential in any rotation and will comprise 25% to 45% of the cropland. Mixed cropping is essential for sustainable agriculture. The blessings of sustainable agriculture are ecological balance, low price of cultivation, clean setting, and nutrient food while not chemical. A cropping system will facilitate massive scale crop production from restricted land. Each little and huge farmer will adopt varied inhume cropping systems as a result of it and need low fertiliser and water. The aim of this chapter is to produce essential information of the cropping system for the sustainable agriculture.
Organic Potato Cultivation
Authors: Luthra Satish Kumar , Mankar Pooja , Rawal Sanjay , Lal Mehi
Published: May 2022

The extensive use of high-yielding varieties with high demand for fertilizers and pesticides leads to the unjudicious application of agri-inputs that leads to deterioration of precious natural resources. The world over, consumers are becoming serious about food quality, especially chemical residues. Organic farming is rising as a dynamic ‘alternate farming system' to produce safe and quality food by environmental equilibrium. The growing demand for organic food is creating new market opportunities for farmers with premium prices. Potato can also play a potential role in improving farm income through organic production. Globally, India is the second-largest potato producer producing around 53 million tonnes from 2.2 million hectares. An organic farming system consisting of an integrated approach is the best technique for achieving higher individual crop and system productivity. The current potato scenario in India suggests its diversified production and utilization in the domestic and export market leading to higher profits by way of organic potato production.
Nutrigenomics and Green Technologies
Authors: Gupta Shalani , Rani Varsha
Published: May 2022

Green technologies can operate in diversified areas, and at the same time, these technologies contribute to produce more healthy and nutritious food. Biotechnology, the greenest tool of green technology, has the potential to increase the agricultural production, as well as to genetically modify food or its nutritional components to support health and to reduce the risk of diet-related diseases. Recent advances in molecular biology coupled with the wealth of information from ‘omics technologies' have fostered the emergence of a multidisciplinary field of science ‘Nuturigenomics' that tends to unfold the role of nutrition on gene expression. Amalgamation of both green technologies and nutrigenomics will help to solve problems arising due to negative effects of food, nutrition, and environment. The chapter provides an overview of green technology and its impact on nutrition and health through the study of nutrigenomics.
Towards a Framework for Planning International Student Instruction
Authors: Kumar Rahul , Kewley Clinton
Published: May 2022

Pre-pandemic Canadian universities relied on international student enrolment to generate revenue and instill beneficial internationalization on Canadian campuses. As the pandemic disrupted established pedagogical practices and international students' on-campus participation, how international programs are delivered has been re-envisioned and recalibrated. Initially, changes in teaching and learning were reactionary and predicated on available resources, often laden with problems identified in OCUFA findings. Upon careful examination and reflection of current practices in Ontario universities, the authors developed a framework derived from policy literature that examines international program delivery from pedagogical, technological, and operational standpoints. The proposed framework can be applied in planning and evaluating universities' international program activities, near or far, mediated by technology or not, and applicable beyond the pandemic.
Understanding and Enhancing Academic Experiences of Culturally and Linguistically-Diverse International Students in Canada
Authors: Oloo James Alan
Published: May 2022

Canada is among the top four most popular destinations for international students. Using narrative inquiry, this chapter explores lived experiences of two international students. The study is guided by three broad questions: 1) What are the main positive experiences of international students in Canada? 2) What are some of the challenges faced by international students during their studies in Canada? and 3) What should be done to enhance academic success of international students? Data were collected using semi-structured interviews as conversations. Data analysis reveals three main themes: mismatch between the students' academic expectations and reality, challenges relating to language, and self-efficacy and resilience. Recommendations are presented. These include working with international students to help identify factors that are likely to enhance the success of international students as identified by the students so that universities can create campus environments that allow for success.
Enhancing Employability Skills in Marketing Graduates Through Teaching Philosophy and Curriculum Design
Authors: Amoako George Kofi
Published: May 2022

The purpose of this research is to find out how teaching philosophy and curriculum design can affect graduates' employability skills. In the same way, university survival also depends on how well graduates perform in the workplace. Teaching philosophy affects curriculum design which in turn could affect employability. Higher education teachers and administrators' awareness of these variables and how they interplay could enhance student employability skills. Qualitative methodology was used in this research to investigate the relationship between teaching philosophy, curriculum design, and employability skills. The data for the study were sampled from both public and private universities in Ghana. The population size for the study was 12 respondents.
Implementing Culturally and Linguistically Responsive Teaching in Dual Language Bilingual Inclusive Classrooms
Authors: Silva Diaz Elizabeth , Santiago Schwarz Vanessa
Published: May 2022

In this chapter, the authors aim to offer practical guidelines for implementing culturally and linguistically responsive teaching (CLRT) practices for educators working with emergent bilinguals (EBs) with and without disabilities. This chapter begins by defining CLRT and contextualizing the need for CLRT practices through a review of current research at the interface of bilingual and special education. Then, the authors offer practical examples of how teachers can use CLRT to support EBs with or without disabilities. The chapter concludes with an articulation of the authors' vision for the potential of CLRT to support this population of students in dual language bilingual (DLB) classrooms.
Writing Culturally and Linguistically Data-Driven IEPs
Authors: Morales Diana Lidia , Brown Julie Esparza , Sanford Amanda K.
Published: May 2022

This chapter focuses on writing culturally and linguistically responsive IEPs for multilingual learner students with disabilities (MLSwD). It provides an overview of relevant laws and discusses the intersection of needs between multilingual students, students with disabilities, and MLSwD. Disproportional representation of MLSwD in special education services is described to provide context for the importance of culturally and linguistically appropriate IEP goals. The key components of the IEP are delineated including a description of the present level of academic and functional performance, and writing observable, measurable IEP goals and objectives using the SMART format (specific, measurable, attainable, relevant, and time bound). Accommodations, transition services, and assistive technology are discussed.
Mindful Student, Masterful Student
Authors: Schmidt Raquel Rezàra
Published: May 2022

Educators have long understood that in order to engage with academic content, students' mental and emotional fitness are prerequisites to active learning. Unfortunately, many students come to school lacking basic skills in how to form healthy relationships, exhibit empathy, and practice self-care. Approaches grounded in social emotional learning (SEL) are focused on teaching these important social skills, with the goal of enhancing overall student success. One approach that has been increasing in popularity is known as mindfulness. This chapter will provide an overview of mindfulness programs implemented in the schools, strategies for use in the classroom, and examine several different programs actively in place across the country, specifically with ELLs and ELLs with disabilities.
Sólo Tiene Problemas de Aprendizaje
Authors: Padía Lilly B.
Published: May 2022

Students from the Dominican Republic are a growing demographic in United States schools, particularly in the Northeast. As the number of Dominican emergent bilingual students in special education grows, it is imperative that educators consider transnational issues of dis/ability and language learning. In this chapter, the author explores a set of interviews with teachers in Santiago, DR, and draws connections between the interview data and recommendations for US bilingual special educators. The chapter ends with suggestions for how educators can collaborate with families to ensure that the cultural understandings, questions, concerns, and wisdom of immigrant students and families are central to the bilingual special education process.
The Growing Importance of Gastronomy Tourism in China
Authors: Yu Poshan , Tang Heng , Zuo Ding , Mahendran Ramya
Published: May 2022

With improving standards of living in China, people can afford travelling for leisure, and gastronomy tourism (also known as food tourism and culinary tourism) has been gaining popularity. Through this tourism, the travelers get to explore different regional foods, cuisines, and understand the local culture. After the COVID-19 outbreak, the tourism industry has taken a hard hit. But we are slowly returning to normalcy, and the demand for international travel will recover. Food, being one of six elements of tourism alongside accommodation, transportation, travel, shopping, and entertainment, cannot be ignored. This chapter aims to study how and whether the Chinese government has issued various policies to support gastronomy tourism and promote the regional food culture in context of tourism for visitors and travelers. Four Chinese cities will be used for discussion due to their featured international popularity and distinctive gastronomy. Finally, recommendations will be given to stakeholders.
An Investigation of Key Success Factors for Kebab as an Example of Local Food Tourism in Bonab
Authors: Rezapouraghdam Hamed , Karatepe Osman M. , Kilic Hasan
Published: May 2022

In today's competitive market environment, restaurateurs realize that they should differentiate their products and services by offering unique tastes and experiences. This is also true for restaurants that promote and deliver local foods to customers. Local food which is considered as a cultural identity in every destination can create a positive image about a city and even help the local authorities to establish a city brand. Despite this realization, there is limited research about local food tourism and its services, especially in non-Western countries. In light of this, the study uses Bonab city as a popular food tourism destination in Iran and aims to ascertain the factors that motivate customers to buy kebabs in Bonab city. Utilizing a qualitative research approach, interviews were conducted with customers who consumed kebabs in this city. The findings delineate useful managerial implications for practice.
Enterprise Environmental Risk Assessment Management Under the Background of Regional Economic Integration
Authors: Cheng Shanyi , Murzin Anton
Published: May 2022

The global regional economic integration has gradually become a reality, and several regional economic markets such as North America, Europe, East Asia, Southeast Asia, and South America have been formed. After the COVID-19 pandemic, many regional economies will suffer more risks. This chapter mainly analyzes the impact of environmental risks in corporate risks. This chapter starts with environmental risk assessment, combines the existing achievements of predecessors and scholars, puts forward the concept of environmental compliance index, shows an environmental risk evaluation system table, and expounds the evaluation system. Afterwards, the authors propose how enterprises should avoid environmental risk management and put forward their own views and opinions. Finally, the research summarizes the data and concludes that the enterprise's environmental risk management can promote the sustainable development of the enterprise.
Prospects for Chinese-Russian Trade Cooperation in the Context of Digitalization
Authors: Wang Yuchan
Published: May 2022

As two major economies, China and Russia affect the stability and security of the world to a certain extent. Therefore, economic cooperation between China and Russia is an inevitable strategic choice. The COVID-19 pandemic has brought huge disasters and challenges to the world, and the digital economy has played a huge role in fighting against the pandemic. However, there is still a certain technological gap between China and Russia; the two sides not only have requirements for deepening technical cooperation, but also have the conditions for deepening technical cooperation. Especially in the post-epidemic era, how to deepen the economic integration of China and Russia is a question that is worth considering.
Cybersex Trafficking
Authors: Flanagan Patrick
Published: May 2022

Cybersex trafficking is a complex harrowing global reality. Where human trafficking for sex was previously restricted to physical contact, human trafficking has become increasingly virtual. The world wide web (WWW) has become an ideal forum for the enticement, capture, and control of victims for cybersex. This chapter examines this reality. It first explains human trafficking and demonstrates the appealing move to online for the generation of profit through cybersex, all at the expense of victims. Second, it outlines the dynamics involved in cybersex trafficking. The chapter then isolates efforts to stave off the exponential growth of this industrial complex. Finally, it isolates particular areas of research for further study.