bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Error-Purifying Designs
Authors: Weiss David J
Published: November 2023

A repeated-measures design is one in which each of several subjects serves in more than one of the experimental conditions. In the simplest case, each subject gets all of the treatment combinations once. This new structure brings about two situations we have not encountered before. First, “subjects” comprises one of the factors in the design. Second, because there is only one score per cell, no within-cells term is available. (If each subject is in some but not all of the conditions, a repeated-measures nested design is being used—see chapter 11.) The repeated-measures design has two important advantages for the researcher. One is that the design is economical. Once an experimental participant has been prepared or trained, it is obviously efficient to get more than one score from him. With human subjects, just getting them to the laboratory can be expensive. On the other hand, sometimes it is not feasible to get multiple observations from a subject because performance in one condition may affect performance in another condition. But when lack of independence between conditions is not a problem, the repeated-measures design can dramatically reduce the effort required of the experimenter.
Ending in Ice
Authors: McCoy Roger M
Published: November 2023

An old truism holds that a scientific discovery has three stages: first, people deny it is true; then they deny it is important; finally, they credit the wrong person. Alfred Wegener’s “discovery” of continental drift went through each stage with unusual drama. In 1912, when he published his theory that the world’s continents had once come together in a single landmass before splitting apart and floating to their current positions, the world’s geologists denied and scorned it. The scientific establishment’s rejection of continental drift and plate tectonic theory is a story told often and well. Yet, there is an untold side to Wegener’s life: he and his famous father-in-law, Waldimir Koppen (climatologist whose classification of climates is still in use), became fascinated with ice ages and conducted four expeditions in the 1920s to the then--uncharted Greenland icecap to gather data about climate variations (Greenland ice-core sampling continues to this day). Ending in Ice is about Wegener’s explorations of Greenland, blending the science of ice ages and Wegener’s continental drift measurements with the story of Wegener’s fatal final expedition trying to rescue starving workers at the central Greenland ice station of Esmitte in 1930. Arctic exploration books with tragic endings have become all too common, but this book combines the relevant science--now more important than ever as sudden temperature swings become movie-worthy (“The Day After Tomorrow”)--with Wegener’s fatal adventures in Greenland.
The End of Alliances
Authors: Menon Rajan
Published: November 2023

Why should the United States cling to military alliances established during the Cold War when the circumstances are now fundamentally different? In The End of Alliances Rajan Menon makes the bold claim that our alliances in Europe and Asia have become irrelevant to the challenges the United States faces today and are slowly dissolving as a result. The dissolution of our alliances will not, Menon emphasizes, culminate in isolationism. The United States will, and must, be actively involved beyond its borders, but by relying on contingent alignments and on coalitions whose membership will vary depending on the issue at hand. America, he reminds us, engaged the world in a variety of ways for more than 150 years before entering into formal military alliances after World War II. While a strategy that ceases to rely on alliances will mark a dramatic shift in American foreign policy, states routinely reassess and reorient their strategies. The United States, which studiously avoided alliances for much of its history only to embrace them during the Cold War, is no exception. The End of Alliances predicts that the coming change in American strategy will force our traditional allies to rethink their choices and create new patterns in world politics. The controversial argument advanced by Menon will provoke debate among foreign policy specialists and the general public.
The Multifaceted Nature of Sexual Prejudice How Adolescents Reason About Sexual Orientation and Sexual Prejudice
Authors: Horn Stacey S
Published: November 2023

Prejudice and discrimination directed toward adolescents and young adults who identify as lesbian, gay, or bisexual or who are gender nonconforming is pervasive (Baker & Fishbein, 1998; Bochenek & Brown, 2001; Marsiglio, 1993; Morrison, McLeod, Morrison, & Anderson, 1997; Price, 1982; Rivers & D’Augelli, 2001; Van de Ven, 1994). This form of prejudice has negative developmental consequences, such as decreased school engagement and achievement, increased depression, anxiety, substance use, and suicide, for these youth (Bochenek & Brown, 2001; D’Augelli, 1998; Russell, Franz, & Driscoll, 2001). Additionally, research on the development of peer harassment suggests that with the onset of puberty, sexual harassment, as well as harassment that is based on gender nonconformity, becomes much more frequent (Craig, Peplar, Connolly, & Henderson, 2001; Stein, 1995). This research suggests that sexual prejudice is not only quite common in adolescence but also may be strongly related to specific normative developmental processes related to identity and sexuality that take on increased importance during this period.
The Common In-Group Identity Model Applications to Children and Adults
Authors: Gaertner Samuel L , Dovidio John F , Guerra Rita , Rebelo Margarida , Monteiro Maria Benedicta , Riek Blake M , Houlette Melissa A
Published: November 2023

Intergroup attitudes emerge in early childhood and can have a profound impact on social relations for a lifetime. Racial stereotypes and prejudices emerge during the early elementary school period (Aboud, 1988; Hirschfeld, 1995), and with increasing age children rely more frequently and strongly on racial information in forming impressions and making social judgments (Killen & Stangor, 2001). This volume is further testimony to the reality that, with regard to intergroup attitudes, childhood is not necessarily an “age of innocence.” Thus, close examinations of how these attitudes are acquired and change during development are important for understanding how prejudice develops and how we can combat it.
The Role of Intergroup Contact in Predicting Children’s Interethnic Attitudes Evidence From Meta-Analytic and Field Studies
Authors: Tropp Linda R , Prenovost Mary A
Published: November 2023

Research on the effects of intergroup contact among children expanded greatly following the landmark 1954 Brown v. Board of Education decision, which declared that racially segregated schools were unconstitutional (see Pettigrew, 1973, 2004; Schofield & Hausmann, 2004; St. John, 1975). Over the last half century, a considerable number of studies have shown how social relations and the social environment of the school can affect children’s intergroup attitudes (Cohen, 1980; Damico, Bell-Nathaniel, & Green, 1981; Khmelkov & Hallinan, 1999; Orfield, 2001; Schofield & Sagar, 1977) along with emphasizing the conditions under which children from different racial groups come into contact with each other (see Schofield, 1978).
Intergroup Name-Calling and Conditions for Creating Assertive Bystanders
Authors: Aboud Frances E , Joong Anna
Published: November 2023

Racial and ethnic name-calling and other forms of verbal abuse (e.g., hurtful teasing, humiliating and controlling words) are common forms of discrimination among children, as well as adolescents and adults (Corenblum & Stephan, 2001; McNeilly et al., 1996; Schofield, 1982). Regardless of whether the epithet reflects underlying prejudice on the part of the name caller, it serves to subdue and publicly humiliate the victim. Furthermore, it provides a model for peer onlookers and, if not addressed, sets a norm for discriminatory behavior. Nasty name-calling, in particular (hereafter referred to as simply name-calling), which has gained recent prominence as the most common form of schoolyard bullying, was experienced by 75% of victims in one British study (Smith & Shu, 2000). Racial name-calling was explicit in 14% of the cases reported in this study as in others (e.g., Pepler, personal communication), but the personal and intergroup damage arises when any demeaning name and words are directed to a socially different person.
World War II and the American Way of Life
Authors: Lind Michael
Published: November 2023

The World War Only Received the Roman Numeral “I” after the second global conflict of the twentieth century began. Apart from a few pessimistic thinkers, no one at the time realized that “the world war” or “the great war” was merely the first in a series that would include not only World War II but also the Cold War, which some have viewed as three episodes in a Seventy-Five Years’ War of the twentieth century.
The Two Horses of Behavior: Reflection and Impulse
Authors: Strack Fritz , Deutsch Roland , Krieglmeyer Regina
Published: November 2023

This chapter examines the most important psychological concepts that have been used to explain human behavior. It begins by describing how psychological theories have moved from explanations at the situational level to explanations at the level of mental processes. It then discusses the most central theoretical constructs that have been proposed as determinants of behavior: attitudes, behavioral decisions, goal pursuit, habits, needs, and motivational orientations. Although each of these concepts has shortcomings, each still possesses great and distinct explanatory power to the extent that they can be included in a coherent theoretical model. The dual-system model integrates a number of psychological processes and specifies how they interact and determine social behavior.
How the Mind Moves the Body: Lessons From Apraxia
Authors: Goldenberg Georg
Published: November 2023

Cognitive science today gets increasingly interested in the embodiment of human perception, thinking, and action. Abstract information processing models are no longer accepted as satisfactory accounts of the human mind. Interest has shifted to interactions between the material human body and its surroundings and to the way in which such interactions shape the mind. Proponents of this approach have expressed the hope that it will ultimately dissolve the Cartesian divide between the immaterial mind and the material existence of human beings (Damasio, 1994; Gallagher, 2005). A topic that seems particularly promising for providing a bridge across the mind–body cleavage is the study of bodily actions, which are neither reflexive reactions to external stimuli nor indications of mental states, which have only arbitrary relationships to the motor features of the action (e.g., pressing a button for making a choice response). The shape, timing, and effects of such actions are inseparable from their meaning. One might say that they are loaded with mental content, which cannot be appreciated other than by studying their material features. Imitation, communicative gesturing, and tool use are examples of these kinds of actions.
What Do We Prime? On Distinguishing Between Semantic Priming, Procedural Priming, and Goal Priming
Authors: Förster Jens , Liberman Nira , Friedman Ronald S
Published: November 2023

This chapter examines how the various effects of priming differ from one another. It describes different types of priming—priming of semantic constructs, priming of procedures, and priming of behaviors and goals—then proposes ways of distinguishing between them. Primed goals differ from primed procedures and primed semantic constructs in a number of ways. First, goals have a different pattern of persistence and decay (or deactivation) than both procedures and semantic constructs. Second, effects of primed goals should be sensitive to expectancy and value, whereas the effects of primed semantic constructs and primed procedures should not show such sensitivity.Third, means-ends associations, which constitute the goal system, do not always correspond to semantic or overlearned associations.
The Role of Goal Systems in Self-Regulation
Authors: Kruglanski Arie W , Kopetz Catalina
Published: November 2023

Over the past 15 years, much research in social cognition has addressed goals and goal-related phenomena. The novel cognitive focus on goals as cognitive structures afforded conceptual and methodological advantages enabling new insights into classical issues. In the pages that follow, we attempt to describe and systematically discuss some of the recent goal-relevant research inspired by the social-cognitive approach.
The (Mis)Judgments of Colin Powell
Authors: Hammond Kenneth R
Published: November 2023

Before the UN Security Council on February 5, 2003, Colin Powell, then U.S. secretary of state, presented his judgment that Saddam Hussein’s possession of weapons of mass destruction and Hussein’s intention to use them against the United States called for the United Nations’ approval of the invasion of Iraq. This was a highly significant international event; Powell’s goal was to persuade the council members that his judgment that Saddam Hussein possessed such weapons was to be trusted and that they should act on it. He made it clear that his judgment was based on the authenticity of the information that he presented.
The Cognitive Continuum at the Supreme Court
Authors: Hammond Kenneth R
Published: November 2023

Those requesting your judgment may have no interest in your reasoning, even if you are offering a coherence-based judgment. They may even prefer an intuition-based judgment without an explanation. They may ask no more of you than to hear you say, “I want you to do this because it is the right thing to do.” Moral judgments are frequently of this character, mainly because thoughtful moral judgments are complicated; once one gets beyond simplistic clichés, they are hard to defend while trying to maintain a consistent point of view.
The New Search for Wisdom
Authors: Hammond Kenneth R
Published: November 2023

Because wisdom is such an abstract idea, and because it has such a long history, I will begin with some examples of what I am talking about. Abraham Lincoln provides me with an opportunity to show what it means to apply cognitive theory to the concept of wisdom.
Introduction: A Place Called Mauthausen
Authors: Waller James
Published: November 2023

While a visiting professor at the Catholic University in Eichstatt, Germany, I took a Saturday train from nearby Munich to the small Austrian town of Mauthausen, an idyllic market community that lies just fourteen miles east of Linz and nuzzles peacefully along the north bank of the Danube. In the evocative description by historian Gordon J. Horwitz, it “sits amid lovely rolling hills whose fields cover the Austrian landscape like the bedspread of a giant.”
The Dead End of Demonization
Authors: Waller James
Published: November 2023

We have seen that the origins of extraordinary evil cannot be isolated in the extraordinary nature of the collective, the influence of an extraordinary ideology, psychopathology, or a common, homogenous, extraordinary personality. We are then left with the most discomforting of all realities-ordinary, “normal” people committing acts of extraordinary evil. The notion of the “ordinariness” of chose who commie genocide and mass killing was first given life in the early 1960s when a noted political philosopher posited an obedient, indifferent, and mundane personality co explain the atrocities of the Holocaust. The philosopher’s name was Hannah Arendt, and her concept of the “banality of evil” would fundamentally challenge our understanding of who commies extraordinary human evil.
Beyond Demonization A Model of How Ordinary People Commit Genocide and Mass Killing
Authors: Waller James
Published: November 2023

As we look at perpetrators of genocide and mass killing, we need no longer ask who these people are. We know who they are. They are you and I. There is now a more urgent question to ask: How are ordinary people, like you and me, transformed into perpetrators of genocide and mass killing? The importance of this question is matched only by the complexity of its answer. As we lay out one set of possible answers, we are wise to remember H. L. Mencken’s Law: For every complex problem, there is a solution that is simple, neat, and wrong. The solution to the complex problem of how ordinary people come to commit extraordinary crimes is neither simple nor neat. The precise “how” of the transformation process by which ordinary people commit genocide and mass killing remains veiled from us, as it may have remained veiled from the men and women who experienced it. As Claude Lanzmann writes about the Holocaust, “Between the will to kill and the act itself there is an abyss.” Indeed, the multiplicity of variables that lead an ordinary person to commit genocide and mass killing is difficult to pin down. It is impossible to establish general “laws” that apply to all individuals in all contexts and at all times.
Looking Back, Looking Ahead
Authors: Keegan Kyle , Moss Howard B
Published: November 2023

You know the rest of my story (so far): a happy and loving wife, a daughter (and a step-daughter); a supportive and relieved family, and a good job. It’s been incredibly hard work, earning back all the trust I threw away, all the while building a life for myself, working on maintaining my recovery, and staying clean. Every day is still a struggle, too, make no mistake. I’ll bet you know that already, too.

Thinking back to how it felt to use drugs is something that I ordinarily try not to do, and I strongly recommend that you don’t, either. It’s a slippery slope back to substance abuse once you start reminiscing about the times you got high; when you find yourself doing that, take my advice and direct your thoughts elsewhere. And yet throughout the writing of this book, I wanted to at least look at that slope in order to convey to you the essence of what it is to be addicted to heroin, how I got hooked on it, what I did to break free, and most important, what I am doing now to try and stay free. If I knew some sacred utterance of warning about or release from the horrible bonds of addiction, I would tell you that, too.
Perception and Attention
Authors: Shettleworth Sara J
Published: November 2023

To a bat or an owl, a summer evening is full of sounds of which we are only dimly aware. A honeybee sees patterns on flowers that are invisible to us. That every kind of animal has its own umwelt or self-world, formed by the kinds of information its senses can process, was one of the fundamental insights of the founders of ethology. The ethologist Von Uexkull (1934/1957) attempted to capture this insight in pictures of how the world might seem to other species (Figure 3.1). A great deal is now known about how animals process sensory information even if most contemporary behavioral scientists do not attempt to translate it into such depictions of subjective experience.
Memory
Authors: Shettleworth Sara J
Published: November 2023

Forming a search image, acquiring a conditioned response, recognizing one’s mother: all are examples of learning. But they are also examples of memory because new information is being retained from one occasion to the next. Nevertheless, in psychology learning and memory define separate bodies of research. Research on learning has traditionally dealt with how information about relationships between events is acquired, as measured by fairly long-lasting changes in behavior. Research on memory, in contrast, deals with how information is stored, retained and retrieved. The cognitive changes of interest often take place rapidly, may not be very long lasting, and may be read out in a variety of behaviors. But parts of this description apply to examples of ‘‘learning.’’ For instance, flavor aversions can form in one trial, and Pavlovian conditioning may influence a whole behavior system (Chapter 4).
Numerical Competence
Authors: Shettleworth Sara J
Published: November 2023

Readers who know the story of Clever Hans will know that whether animals can count is one of the oldest questions in the experimental study of animal cognition. Clever Hans was a German horse in the early 1900s who answered questions about numbers by tapping with his hoof (Pfungst 1965; Candland 1993). Although a committee of thirteen eminent men was satisfied that Hans really could count, investigations by the young experimental psychologist Oskar Pfungst revealed otherwise. Hans was clever, but not in the way he originally appeared to be. He proved to be responding to slight unconscious, movements of questioners who knew the correct answers. Clever Hans’s legacy is a name for any effect that reflects responding to cues unintentionally provided by experimenters and a widespread skepticism about any studies in which animal and experimenter interact directly.
Social Intelligence
Authors: Shettleworth Sara J
Published: November 2023

In traditional studies of learning, social situations were largely neglected. Individual animals were tested in isolation. The same was true in the experimental study of comparative cognition that developed in the 1970s. In classical ethology, social behaviors such as courtship, mating, and aggression were prominent, but they were analyzed in the same way as interactions with the physical world, as sequences of responses to releasing stimuli, here the appearance, vocalizations, and behaviors (displays) of conspecifics (social releasers). But more recently, burgeoning information from long-term field studies of primates and other animals along with the cognitive revolution in psychology, theorizing about the evolution of human sociality, interest in human social cognition, even social cognitive neuroscience (Adolphs 2003) and other developments, have transformed the comparative study of social cognition into one of the most lively, fast-moving, interdisciplinary and sometimes controversial areas discussed in this book.
Helping School Refusing Children and Their Parents
Authors: Kearney Christopher A
Published: November 2023

This book is designed to help educators, school administrators and counsellors address this behaviour early, before clinical intervention is needed. It is most beneficial for children who have demonstrated refusal behaviour for a short period of time, whose symptoms are not yet severe, and who display few comorbid problems such as ADHD, conduct disorder, or severe depression. The book guides readers through the description, assessment, resolution, and future prevention of school refusal behaviour. Various evidence-based strategies are presented which address the specific needs of the child based on age and reason for refusal. Designed as a workbook, the book contains worksheets, question-and-answer sessions, case vignettes, and step-by-step instructions for exercises to increase incentives for school attendance.
Computing the Mind
Authors: Edelman Shimon
Published: November 2023

In a culmination of humanity's millennia-long quest for self knowledge, the sciences of the mind are now in a position to offer concrete, empirically validated answers to the most fundamental questions about human nature. What does it mean to be a mind? How is the mind related to the brain? How are minds shaped by their embodiment and environment? What are the principles behind cognitive functions such as perception, memory, language, thought, and consciousness? By analyzing the tasks facing any sentient being that is subject to stimulation and a pressure to act, Shimon Edelman identifies computation as the common denominator in the emerging answers to all these questions. Any system composed of elements that exchange signals with each other and occasionally with the rest of the world can be said to be engaged in computation. A brain composed of neurons is one example of a system that computes, and the computations that the neurons collectively carry out constitute the brain's mind. Edelman presents a computational account of the entire spectrum of cognitive phenomena that constitutes the mind. He begins with sentience, and uses examples from visual perception to demonstrate that it must, at its very core, be a type of computation. Throughout his account, Edelman acknowledges the human mind's biological origins. Along the way, he also demystifies traits such as creativity, language, and individual and collective consciousness, and hints at how naturally evolved minds can transcend some of their limitations by moving to computational substrates other than brains. The account that Edelman gives in this book is accessible, yet unified and rigorous, and the big picture he presents is supported by evidence ranging from neurobiology to computer science. The book should be read by anyone seeking a comprehensive and current introduction to cognitive psychology.
Introduction
Authors: Reilly Steve , Schachtman Todd R
Published: November 2023

In this brief introduction, we describe the ways that we have benefited from putting together this edited book, point out a few of the findings involving conditioned taste aversion (CTA) that we found intriguing, and express our appreciation to the contributors. Our initial sense of satisfaction in putting together this book stemmed, of course, from the great need for it. In the past 20 years, there has also been a substantial amount of research exploring the neural substrates of CTA including its neuroanatomy and pharmacology and also the molecular and cellular basis of plasticity. There has also been much work examining the phases of information processing that are involved in certain manipulations of conditioned responding using CTA. CTA has also continued to be an important procedure in the field of animal learning. This critically important phenomenon and methodology persists in having a substantial impact on theory and on clinical concerns. CTA is used to explore the neural mechanisms of learning and the selective processes involved in the pathology of emotional and consummatory disorders. For instance, Cameron et al. (2001) noted that symptoms resulting from the anticipation of chemotherapy (subjects that had already received many pairings of the cues with chemotherapy) can affect a person’s quality of life and these anticipatory symptoms may be due to classical conditioning (see Morrow & Dobkin, 1988, as cited by Cameron et al.).
Conditioned Taste Aversion Induced by Exposure to High-Strength Static Magnetic Fields
Authors: Houpt Thomas A , Smith James C
Published: November 2023

In the 113 years since the original discovery of X-rays and Roentgen’s famous radiogram of the bones of a hand, in vivo imaging of the human body has progressed from the novel to the commonplace. Radiation-based imaging, such as X-rays, computer-assisted tomography, and positronemission tomography, and more recently magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are now ubiquitous technologies in many countries. Although there were reports from the very beginning that X-rays were sensible (implying interaction with sensory receptors), X-radiation was initially considered benign and noninvasive. Subsequently, it became clear that X-radiation and other forms of high-energy radiation such as gamma radiation were capable of ionizing atoms within the body, with destructive effect. Similarly, the high-strength magnetic fields used in MRI machines are generally considered benign without significant effects on biological tissue. There are reports, however, of vertigo and nausea in subjects exposed to 4 tesla (T) or higher fields (Kangarlu et al., 1999; Schenck et al., 1992). Furthermore, we found significant interactions of high magnetic fields with the vestibular system in rodents.
Role of Conditioned Taste Aversion on the Side Effects of Chemotherapy in Cancer Patients
Authors: Scalera Giuseppe , Bavieri Mario
Published: November 2023

This chapter will examine problems encountered when trying to assess the role of conditioned taste aversion (CTA) and conditioned food aversion (CFA) in the aversive physical and psychological side effects induced by chemotherapy in cancer patients.
Defining Postconcussion Syndrome
Authors: Mccrea Michael A
Published: November 2023

This discussion of the definition of PCS closely mirrors that in part one on the challenges of defining MTBI itself. Commonly sited definitions and diagnostic criteria for PCS have been criticized for being either too lenient (i.e., inclusive) or too restrictive (i.e., exclusive). Furthermore, the diagnosis of PCS is based exclusively on self-reported signs and symptoms, which several studies have demonstrated to be highly nonspecific to PCS and common to numerous other medical and psychological conditions. So, those problems discussed in part one that complicate our interpretation of the underlying etiology, natural history, and outcome associated with MTBI are also confronted when we address the subset of MTBI patients who are eventually categorized as exhibiting PCS.
The Pleasure of Art
Authors: Skov Martin
Published: November 2023

Art is a vital part of human existence, perhaps more vital than we normally realize. Because we are still very much the conceptual heirs to the 18th century notion of “fine arts”—the idea that the term “art” refers to a special class of objects, distinctly separable from other kinds of objects (Kristeller, 1951, 1952)—we have a tendency to view art as something refined and extraordinary associated with exceptional occasions—for example, concerts and museum exhibitions, or church visits and other social occasions. However, this is a rather limited conception of art.
The Unimaginable Mathematics of Borges’ Library of Babel
Authors: Bloch William Goldbloom
Published: November 2023

The Library of Babel is arguably Jorge Luis Borges' best known story-memorialized along with Borges on an Argentine postage stamp. Now, in The Unimaginable Mathematics of Borges' Library of Babel, William Goldbloom Bloch takes readers on a fascinating tour of the mathematical ideas hidden within one of the classic works of modern literature. Written in the vein of Douglas R. Hofstadter's Pulitzer Prize-winning Gödel, Escher, Bach, this original and imaginative book sheds light on one of Borges' most complex, richly layered works. Bloch begins each chapter with a mathematical idea-combinatorics, topology, geometry, information theory-followed by examples and illustrations that put flesh on the theoretical bones. In this way, he provides many fascinating insights into Borges' Library. He explains, for instance, a straightforward way to calculate how many books are in the Library-an easily notated but literally unimaginable number-and also shows that, if each book were the size of a grain of sand, the entire universe could only hold a fraction of the books in the Library. Indeed, if each book were the size of a proton, our universe would still not be big enough to hold anywhere near all the books. Given Borges' well-known affection for mathematics, this exploration of the story through the eyes of a humanistic mathematician makes a unique and important contribution to the body of Borgesian criticism. Bloch not only illuminates one of the great short stories of modern literature but also exposes the reader-including those more inclined to the literary world-to many intriguing and entrancing mathematical ideas.
Singular Elliptic Problems: Bifurcation and Asymptotic Analysis
Authors: Ghergu Marius , Rădulescu Vicenţiu D
Published: November 2023

This book provides a comprehensive introduction to the mathematical theory of nonlinear problems described by singular elliptic equations. There are carefully analyzed logistic type equations with boundary blow-up solutions and generalized Lane-Emden-Fowler equations or Gierer-Meinhardt systems with singular nonlinearity in anisotropic media. These nonlinear problems appear as mathematical models in various branches of Physics, Mechanics, Genetics, Economics, Engineering, and they are also relevant in Quantum Physics and Differential Geometry. One of the main purposes of this volume is to deduce decay rates for general classes of solutions in terms of estimates of particular problems. Much of the material included in this volume is devoted to the asymptotic analysis of solutions and to the qualitative study of related bifurcation problems. Numerical approximations illustrate many abstract results of this volume. A systematic description of the most relevant singular phenomena described in these lecture notes includes existence (or nonexistence) of solutions, unicity or multiplicity properties, bifurcation and asymptotic analysis, and optimal regularity. The method of presentation should appeal to readers with different backgrounds in functional analysis and nonlinear partial differential equations. All chapters include detailed heuristic arguments providing thorough motivation of the study developed later on in the text, in relationship with concrete processes arising in applied sciences. The book includes an extensive bibliography and a rich index, thus allowing for quick orientation among the vast collection of literature on the mathematical theory of nonlinear singular phenomena
A Field Guide To The Mammals Of Central America & Southeast Mexico
Authors: Reid Fiona A
Published: November 2023

This is the only field guide to provide comprehensive coverage of the mammals of Central America and southeast Mexico. The fully revised second edition includes 21 new species, as well as updated illustrations and distribution maps. Each species account provides measurements, descriptions, and comparisons with similar species, and is accompanied by a range map showing where the species can be found in the region. The 49 full-color animal plates contain similar species portrayed to scale on the same plate, with tracks and feet shown on the facing-page. 4 new full-color maps provide visual views of parks and protected areas, biomes, elevations and habitat loss, as well as a political map of the region. The book also features a detailed introduction with sections on how and where to find mammals and a listing of the most endangered species in the region.
Retaking Rationality
Authors: Revesz Richard L , Livermore Michael A
Published: November 2023

That America's natural environment has been degraded and despoiled over the past 25 years is beyond dispute. Nor has there been any shortage of reasons why - short-sighted politicians, a society built on over-consumption, and the dramatic weakening of environmental regulations. In Retaking Rationality, Richard Revesz and Michael Livermore argue convincingly that one of the least understood-and most important-causes of our failure to protect the environment has been a misguided rejection of reason. The authors show that environmentalists, labor unions, and other progressive groups have declined to participate in the key governmental proceedings concerning the cost-benefit analysis of federal regulations. As a result of this vacuum, industry groups have captured cost-benefit analysis and used it to further their anti-regulatory ends. Beginning in 1981, the federal Office of Management and Budget and the federal courts have used cost-benefit analysis extensively to determine which environmental, health, and safety regulations are approved and which are sent back to the drawing board. The resulting imbalance in political participation has profoundly affected the nation's regulatory and legal landscape. But Revesz and Livermore contend that economic analysis of regulations is necessary and that it needn't conflict with-and can in fact support-a more compassionate approach to environmental policy. Indeed, they show that we cannot give up on rationality if we truly want to protect our natural environment. Retaking Rationality makes clear that by embracing and reforming cost-benefit analysis, and by joining reason and compassion, progressive groups can help enact strong environmental and public health regulation.
Depression Social and Cognitive Aspects
Authors: Ingram Rick E , Scott Walter D , Hamill Sarah
Published: November 2023

Depression is sometimes referred to as the “common cold” of psychopathology. There are a variety of reasons for this description. For one, the term depression is widely used to denote feelings of sadness. As with a common cold, this state of feeling depressed is experienced by everyone at one time or another. A second reason may be that forms of depression that are not clinically signifi cant, but that are more severe than simple feelings of sadness (i.e., subclinical depression), are not uncommon. A third reason probably refl ects the diversity of depression. For example, DSM–IV–TR lists 10 different types of mood disorder. Depression is common both in experience and in defi nition.
Paranoid and Delusional Disorders
Authors: Blaney Paul H
Published: November 2023

In DSM–IV–TR, the names of three conditions contain the words paranoid or delusional: schizophrenia—paranoid type (PS), delusional disorder (DD), and paranoid personality disorder (PPD). PS and DD are marked by delusions. In DD and PPD distortions of reality coexist with realms of rational, realistic thinking. It is in some ways misleading that both PS and PPD incorporate the wor paranoid, because in PPD the word seems to mean suspicious, whereas in PS it means delusional—with no limit on kind of delusion (Kirkpatrick & Amador, 1995).
Somatoform Disorders
Authors: Bouman Theo K , Eifert Georg H
Published: November 2023

Somatic sensations and symptoms are part and parcel of everyday life, with about 75% of the general population experiencing some form of mild to severe physical complaint in any given month (Kellner, 1986; Kroenke, 2003). In most cases these symptoms spontaneously subside, but in about 25% of the sufferers (Kroenke, 2003) these symptoms persist for a longer period, prompting the sufferers to contact their doctors for medical care.
Sleep/Wake Disorders
Authors: Morin Charles M , Edinger Jack D
Published: November 2023

Sleep/wake disorders are common and debilitating conditions that contribute to emotional distress, social or occupational dysfunction, increased risks for injury, and, in some instances, serious medical illnesses (Partinen & Hublin, 2005; Walsh, Dement, & Dinges, 2005). Although it has long been recognized that sleep disturbances are common symptoms of various psychopathological conditions, their significance as distinct clinical entities has been minimized or ignored by psychologists and other health care providers.
A Guide to the Good Life
Authors: Irvine William B
Published: November 2023

One of the great fears many of us face is that despite all our effort and striving, we will discover at the end that we have wasted our life. In A Guide to the Good Life, William B. Irvine plumbs the wisdom of Stoic philosophy, one of the most popular and successful schools of thought in ancient Rome, and shows how its insight and advice are still remarkably applicable to modern lives. In A Guide to the Good Life, Irvine offers a refreshing presentation of Stoicism, showing how this ancient philosophy can still direct us toward a better life. Using the psychological insights and the practical techniques of the Stoics, Irvine offers a roadmap for anyone seeking to avoid the feelings of chronic dissatisfaction that plague so many of us. Irvine looks at various Stoic techniques for attaining tranquility and shows how to put these techniques to work in our own life. As he does so, he describes his own experiences practicing Stoicism and offers valuable first-hand advice for anyone wishing to live better by following in the footsteps of these ancient philosophers. Readers learn how to minimize worry, how to let go of the past and focus our efforts on the things we can control, and how to deal with insults, grief, old age, and the distracting temptations of fame and fortune. We learn from Marcus Aurelius the importance of prizing only things of true value, and from Epictetus we learn how to be more content with what we have. Finally, A Guide to the Good Life shows readers how to become thoughtful observers of their own life. If we watch ourselves as we go about our daily business and later reflect on what we saw, we can better identify the sources of distress and eventually avoid that pain in our life. By doing this, the Stoics thought, we can hope to attain a truly joyful life.
Two Billion Cars Driving Toward Sustainability
Authors: Sperling Daniel , Gordon Deborah
Published: November 2023

At present, there are roughly a billion cars in the world. Yet within twenty years, the number will double to 2 billion, largely a consequence of China’s and India’s explosive growth. Given that greenhouse gases are already creating havoc with our climate and that violent conflict in unstable oil-rich nations is on the rise, does this mean that matters will only get worse, or are there hopeful signs that effective, realistic solutions can be found? In Two Billion Cars, through a concise history of America’s love affair with cars and an overview of the global auto industry, leading transportation experts Daniel Sperling and Deborah Gordon explain how we arrived at this state, and what we can do about it. Sperling and Gordon outline the problem in full and assign blame squarely where it belongs--on the auto-industry, short-sighted government policies, and consumers. They consider the issue from all angles and take up such topics as getting beyond the gas-guzzler monoculture, breaking Detroit’s hold on energy and climate policy, the search for low-carbon fuels, California’s pioneering role, and more. But they are not Cassandras. Promising advances in both transportation technology and fuel efficiency together with shifts in traveler behavior, they suggest, offer us a way out of our predicament. Ultimately, the authors contend that the two places that have the most troublesome emissions problems--California and China--are the most likely to become world leaders on these issues. Arnold Schwarzenegger’s enlightened embrace of eco-friendly fuel policies, which he discusses in the foreword to Two Billion Cars, and China’s forthright recognition that it needs far-reaching environmental and energy policies, suggest that if they can tackle the issue effectively and honestly, then there really is reason for hope.
Publications initiated 1731–9
Authors: Fleeman J D
Published: November 2023

Lichfield was the third of that name, son of Leonard Lichfield (1604-57*). No prospectus has yet been traced for this work. The List of Subscribers records 486 names (of which 10 are noted as ‘deceas’d’) for a total of 728 copies. The edition was therefore of at least 750 copies, perhaps even of 1,000. Names include ‘Andrew Corbet, Esq; Two Copies’, ‘Rev. Mr. John Edwards’, ‘Rev. William Jorden, B.D. late Fellow of Pembroke-College, Oxon.’, ‘Mr. Meek, B.A. of Pembroke-College, Oxon.’, ‘The Rev. Joseph Spence, A.M. Fellow of New-College, and Professor of Poetry in the University of Oxon.’, ‘Richard Savage, Esq; 20 Copies’, ‘The Rev. Joseph Trap, D.D. Two Sets’, and ‘William Vyse, Esq; Gentleman-Commoner of Pembroke-College, Oxon. Three Copies’. It was published in October 1731 (O: MS Rawl. J. 4° 5, fo. 172). No price is known.
An Introduction to Modern Greek Literature
Authors: Beaton Roderick
Published: November 2023

This is a readable introduction to the poetry and fiction published in Greek since national independence in 1821. It is the first full-length study to be devoted to the literature of this period, seen as a whole, and including developments up until the present day. The book highlights those writers and works which have enjoyed critical or popular acclaim,and emphasizes the relationships which link one work with another and with its historical context. It moves from the varying responses to European Romanticismwhich defined Greek literature in the nineteenth-century, culminating in the work of Palamas, Kazantza kis, and Cavafy in the first decades of this century, to the Modernist influenced work of the years from the 1920s to 1945. A post-war reaction against Modernism was followed by growing experimentation and the book deals in detail with this most productive of periods in modern Greek literature. No knowledge of Greek is assumed and all quotations are given both in Greek and in English. An Introduction to Modern Greek will be an important source for both specialists and general readers, bringing to light a rich but neglected part of modern European literature.
Public Moralists
Authors: Collini Stefan
Published: November 2023

This imaginative and unusual book explores the moral sensibilities and cultural assumptions that were at the heart of political debate in Victorian and early twentieth-century Britain. It focuses on the role of intellectuals as public moralists, and suggests ways in which their more formal political theory rested upon habits of response and evaluation that were deeply embedded in wider social attitudes and aesthetic judgements. Stefan Collini examines the characteristic idioms and strategies of argument employed in periodical and polemical writing, and reconstructs the sense of identity and of relation to an audience exhibited by social critics from John Stuart Mill and Matthew Arnold to J. M. Keynes and F. R. Leavis. Dr Collini begins by situating the leading intellectuals in the social and political world of the Victorian governing classes. He explores fundamental values like `altruism’, `character’, and `manliness’, which are revealed as the animating dynamic of much of the political thought of the period. The book assesses the impact of increasing academic specialization across a range of disciplines, and offers an illuminating analysis of the public voice of legal theorists like Maine and Dicey. Through a detailed study of J.S. Mill’s posthumous reputation Dr Collini uncovers the process by which the genealogy of images of national cultural identity is established; and he concludes with a provocative exploration of the nationalist significance of what he calls `the Whig interpretation of English literature’. Public Moralists is a subtle and illuminating study by a leading intellectual historian which will redirect debate about the distinctive development of modern English culture.
Liquid Images: Producing the Global Finanscape in Shanghai, China
Authors: Olds Kris
Published: November 2023

This analysis of the role of elite architects and the production of global flows of images is decidedly non-representational (on non-representational theory, see Thrift, 1996, 1997, 1999b). Rather than providing an interpretation of the meaning and significance of the seductive images and design aspects of the plans for a new international financial centre in Shanghai, attention is directed to the economic, social, and intellectual underpinnings of the production of global flows of images and property development expertise. This approach enables a detailed yet situated exploration to be undertaken on the key role of the Global Intelligence Corps (GIC) in the production of these gleaming new urban spaces-the ‘citadels’ (Soja, 1994; Marcuse, 1997b) of the late twentieth century city.
Ways of Placemaking
Authors: Myers Fred R
Published: November 2023

The Meaningfulness of ‘place’ in Aboriginal Australian cultural life—as an index of a distinctive relationship between Aboriginal persons and their behavioural environment—has been of significant interest to cultural critics, New Age writers, to anthropologists Qackson 1995), and to politicians. It is well-known that hunter-gatherers have been regularly depicted, both in the popular imagination and also in scholarly writing, as in some way ‘closer to nature’ than modern Western people. As Lee and Devore (1968) famously put it, hunting and foraging comprised the human adaptation for 99.9 per cent of our history, and a fascination with hunters-gatherers as the archetypal humans probably underlay the significance that the largely ecological studies of such societies had in recent anthropology, valorizing research on this category of societies (Asch 1979; Myers 1988a; Wilmsen 1983).