bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Cultural Heritage Framework Programme: Ensuring a Place for Cultural Heritage's Contribution to the UN Decade of Ocean Science
Authors: Trakadas Athena
Published: June 2022

Abstract Maritime and underwater cultural heritage (MUCH) is concerned with the relationship between people and the marine and coastal environment over time. Rooted in the past, MUCH is a resource that can help us understand and appreciate our current situation. But MUCH
is also a medium through which we address the future to develop resilience and motivate adaptation. MUCH is both a source of inspiration and of evidence: to study and understand it requires and develops interdisciplinary skills across the social sciences, STEM, and SHAPE subjects.The UN
Decade of Ocean Science for Sustainable Development 2021‐2030, in promoting a common framework for supporting stakeholders in studying the world's oceans, presents a vital opportunity to improve the integration of MUCH within the marine sciences. The Ocean Decade Heritage Network's
Decade Action, the Cultural Heritage Framework Programme, focuses on ensuring that MUCH specialists—archaeologists and cultural heritage managers—can engage constructively with the marine sciences under the auspices of the Ocean Decade, and make the best of the opportunity that
the Ocean Decade presents in addressing present and future challenges facing the world's oceans.
Durable Immunity to Ricin Toxin Elicited by Intranasally Administered Monoclonal Antibody–Based Immune Complexes
Authors: Tolman Lindsey E , Yates Jennifer L , Rong Yinghui , Reynolds-Peterson Claire , Ehrbar Dylan , Torres-Velez Fernando J , Mantis Nicholas J
Published: June 2022

Inhalation of ricin toxin (RT) elicits profuse inflammation and cell death within the upper and lower airways, ultimately culminating in acute respiratory distress syndrome. We previously reported that the effects of pulmonary RT exposure in mice are nullified by intranasal administration of an mAb mixture consisting of PB10, directed against ricin’s enzymatic subunit (RTA), and SylH3, directed against ricin’s binding subunit (RTB). We now report that delivery of PB10 and SylH3 as an RT–mAb immune complex (RIC) to mice by the intranasal or i.p. routes stimulates the rapid onset of RT-specific serum IgG that persists for months. RIC administration also induced high-titer, toxin-neutralizing Abs. Moreover, RIC-treated mice were immune to a subsequent 5 × LD50 RT challenge on days 30 or 90. Intranasal RIC administration was more effective than i.p. delivery at rendering mice immune to intranasal RT exposure. Finally, we found that the onset of RT-specific serum IgG following RIC delivery was independent of FcγR engagement, as revealed through FcγR knockout mice and RICs generated with PB10/SylH3 LALA (leucine to alanine) derivatives. In conclusion, a single dose of RICs given intranasally to mice was sufficient to stimulate durable protective immunity to RT by an FcγR-independent pathway.
Genetic Diversity of Wild Rice (Oryza longistaminata) in Ghana
Authors: Oppong G. K. , Asante M. D.
Published: June 2022

Oryza longistaminata is a wild rice taxon and an excellent source of genetic variation that remains largely unexploited. This study was conducted to understand the genetic diversity between and within O. longistaminata populations, collected from different geographic locations in Ghana. In this study, SSR markers were used to determine the intra-specific variability in O. longistaminata, and how the variation is partitioned within and between different populations. Analysis of molecular variance revealed high levels of polymorphism (95.9%) within the populations. The overall genetic diversity for all the loci in the six populations was high (Shannon's Information Index I = 0.579, Nei's unbiased expected heterozygosity, He = 0.405). Hierarchical partitioning also indicated a high genetic diversity between and within populations, with some level of relatedness between samples taken from the Savannah agroecological area. The high genetic diversity observed in this study offer a great opportunity for screening useful traits among the populations of O. longistaminata in Ghana for rice breeding programs.
Effect of Blanching Period and Drying Temperature on Selected Physicochemical Properties of Cocoyam (Xanthosoma sagittifolium) Flour
Authors: Oyefeso B. O. , Ayorinde M. O. , Ogunlade C. A. , Fadele O. K. , Akintola A.
Published: June 2022

This study investigated the influence of Blanching Time (BT) and Drying Temperature (DT) on some selected physico-chemical properties of cocoyam flour including water absorption capacity, bulk density, swelling index, wettability and gelatinization point. The quality parameters of the flour were analysed using AOAC standard methods and procedures. Twofactors, 3-levels Historical Data Design of Response Surface Methodology was adopted for the analysis to determine the effects of BT and DT on the investigated parameters. Second order polynomial model was obtained at 5% level of significance. The flour samples had 1.60 to 4.00% water absorption capacity, 0.71 to 0.81 g/cm3 bulk density, 5.2 to 6.8 g/g swelling index, 7 to 16s wettability and 68 to 90oC gelatinization point. Samples dried at 60oC and blanched for 9.05 mins had better quality with optimum response values of 3.37% water absorption capacity, 0.76 g/cm3 bulk density, 6.22 g/g swelling index, 12.71 s wettability, and 85.73oC gelatinization temperature. BT and DT had significant effects on water absorption and wettability while no significant influence was observed on the bulk density, swelling index and gelatinization temperature of the flour at p ≤ 0.05. These findings will serve as a guide in ensuring proper choice of blanching time and drying temperature based on end-use and desired physico-chemical properties of cocoyam flour.
Plant Parasitic Nematodes Associated with Okra in the Forest Savanna Transition and Semi-Deciduous Forest Agro-Ecologies of Ghana
Authors: Danso Y. , Abugri B.
Published: June 2022

Okra is an important vegetable crop in Ghana. Plant-parasitic nematodes infect okra, reducing the quality and quantity of fresh immature and dry fruits. This study was carried out to determine diversity, density and distribution of plant parasitic nematodes attacking okra in the Forest savanna transition and Semi-deciduous forest agro-ecologies of Ghana. In each agro-ecology, soils from okra rhizosphere were sampled from 15 farms for plant-parasitic nematodes assessment. Nematodes were extracted using the modified Baermann nematodes extraction method. Six nematode genera were identified; Meloidogyne, Pratylenchus, Xiphinema, Helicotylenchus, Rotylenchulus and Scutellonema. Meloidogyne occurred with 64.9% relative abundance and 100% frequency. Rotylenchulus, Pratylenchus, and Helicotylencus nematodes also occurred with 100% frequency. Xiphinema were the least abundant (0.05%) and the least frequent (15%). The findings have shown that a large number of nematodes exist on okra plants and therefore there is the need for educational campaigns to be stepped up by Agricultural Extension Services of the Ministry of Food and Agriculture on plant parasitic nematode infections in okra production.
Effect of Phosphorus Fertilizer Rates and Seed Priming Treatments on Seed Quality of Bambara Groundnut
Authors: Obura M. , Oballim G. , Ochuodho J. O. , Maina F. N. W. , Anjichi V. E.
Published: June 2022

Bambara groundnut (BG) is one of the neglected and underutilized African legumes. Not many studies have examined the seed quality response of BG landraces grown by Ugandan farmers to seed quality enhancement treatments and application of phosphorus. This study was aimed at determining the effect of applying different rates of phosphorus on seed yield and seed quality of BG, and the effect of hydropriming and halopriming with potassium nitrate on its seed quality. Field experiment was set at Zonal Agricultural Research and Development Institute, Ngetta in Uganda using RCBD with a 3x4 factorial treatment structure (3 BG landraces and 4 phosphorus rates). A standard germination test was conducted on seeds harvested from this experiment. Landrace with the poorest germination was subjected to seed priming treatments, and a standard germination test done. Phosphorus application did not significantly affect seed yield (p>0.05) of landraces but significantly affected their germination capacity and seed vigour (p<0.05). The effect of seed priming treatments on germination capacity and vigour of AbiBam 001 landrace was not significant (p >0.05). Among the landraces evaluated, only AbiBam 001 landrace responded positively to phosphorus application with respect to seed yield and seed quality. Seed priming treatments did not improve germination capacity and vigour in AbiBam 001 landrace. Phosphorus use efficiency of Bambara groundnut landraces should be investigated to explain their responses to application of phosphorus.
Growth and Yield Responses of Hot Pepper to Nitrogen Fertilisation in Jos-Plateau, Nigeria
Authors: Namo O. A.T. , Chukwudum V. A. , Auwal Y. A.
Published: June 2022

The production of pepper in Nigeria has raised the living standards of many smallholder farmers. The productivity of yellow and red pods is generally low due to poor agronomic practice. There is the need to help smallholder farmers to achieve sustainable production in order to improve and secure their livelihood. This study was aimed to investigate the effects of the rate of Nitrogen fertilisation on growth and yield of pepper in the Jos-Plateau environment. The experiment was 3 x 6 factorial, comprising three varieties of pepper and six levels of N-fertilizer. The treatmentcombinations were laid out in the field using the randomised complete block design. Plant height, number of leaves, number of branches, relative growth rate and days to 50% flowering were higher in the variety F BT than in the other varieties. Leaf area index, length of fruit and fresh fruit 1 yield were higher in the variety SAFI than in the other varieties. Fruit width and the mean weight of fruit were higher in the Miango Local than in the other varieties. The application of N-fertilizer up to 150 kgN ha-1 resulted in significantly higher values in most of the parameters studied. Significant interactions of N-fertilizer rate and variety on plant height, number of leaves per plant, number of branches per plant, leaf area index, relative growth rate, mean weight of fruit and fresh fruit yield were observed. The study recommends the application of N-fertilizer up to 150 kgN ha-1 for cultivation of pepper in the Jos-Plateau environment.
Qualitative and Quantitative Assessment of African Eggplant Seed Germination in Relation to Seed Maturation
Authors: Botey H. M. , Ochuodho J. O. , Ngode L.
Published: June 2022

The final germination expressed as a percentage alone is unsatisfactory for reporting results related to the germination capacity of a seed lot. Information on other quantitative variables are thus important to judge the agronomic value of a seed lot. To evaluate the seed germination characteristics of the African eggplant, seeds were extracted from fruits harvested at different maturity stages produced under both tropical and temperate oceanic climates. The seed germination behaviour was assessed by germinability, germination rate, homogeneity and synchrony of the seed lots. The data for each environment was analyzed separately in a two-way ANOVA constituting harvesting maturity stages and cultivars as factors. The results showed that seed germinability increased with maturation and maximum when fruits were harvested 76 DAA under both climates. Seeds harvested precociously failed to germinate regardless of the production environment. All seed quantitative variables measured were positively related to the final seed germinability. The seed germination rates measurements significantly increased with seed maturity, indicating seed vigour and final germinability improves with maturation. Coefficient of variation of germination time (CVt) was a good measure of uniformity in seed germination. The results further showed a strong and positive correlation with seed germination parameters such as GI, GV, MDG, CVG and U to final germination. It is recommended that for maximum seed quality, fruits should be harvested at 76 DAA. It is further suggested that seed germination results should be enriched by measuring other quantitative parameters as it communicates different aspects of the germination process.
Customer Clustering Using K-Means
Authors: Saxena Divyanshu , Singh Akriti , Vishwakarma Aakash , Srivastava Devanshi , Singhal Shilpa
Published: June 2022

Customer Segmentation analyzes customers interacting with the company and its product. Here, behavior depends on the money they spend and the frequency of buying. To grow a business efficiently, it is essential to analyze the market’s competition and identify customer patterns timely. To do so, customers are divided into groups with different characteristics, like customers who spend more money and are more frequent those who spend less money and are less frequent than others. Using the above data, companies can then outperform the competition in the market by developing products and services according to customer needs. The above analysis is done using the “k-means” clustering, an unsupervised machine learning algorithm. K-means divides customer data into different clusters based on their spending habits.
ЕНГЛЕСКО-СРПСКА КОНТРАСТИВНА ЛЕКСИКОЛОГИЈА
Authors: Јанић Александра , Стаменковић Душан
Published: June 2022

Уџбеник Енглеско-српска контрастивна лексикологија заснован је на наставном, научном, преводилачком и лекторском искуству ауторâ, и то из англистичког и србистичког угла. Садржински гледано, уџбеник је у складу са силабусом предмета Контрастивна лексикологија: при-мене у настави и превођењу, акредитованим 2021. године као део Мастер академских студија англистике, а који су осмислили и реализо-вали Александра Јанић и Душан Стаменковић. Првенствено је намењен студентима које интересују лексиколошки аспекти контрастивног про-учавања енглеског и српског језика. Наглашавамо да ову књигу могу користити англисти, србисти, али и други филолози, као и професори, преводиоци и лектори. Овај предмет је и саставни део будућих Мастер академских студија превођења, па ће уџбеник бити заснован и на запа-жањима са часова наставе превођења на основним академским студијама.
RAMEAU, UN MORALISTE DIDEROTIEN
Authors: Vučelj Nermin
Published: June 2022

Узимајући о обзир досадашња истраживања, у овом раду се преиспитује психо- лошки сложен лик Рамоа из Дидроове чувене сатире у којој је означен као Он (Lui). Да ли је Рамо моралиста ларошфукоовског типа, тј. философ-циник, или је он молијеровски мизантроп, не Алцест – разочаран у људе и с презиром према њиховој хипокризији, него Дон Жуан који се поиграва с људима и побеђује друштво користећи се његовим оружјем притворности? Или је Рамо, пак, промашени геније сведен на приватну арлекинску пред- ставу коју изводи било за трпезом свог добротвора Бертена (Bertin) који окупља лу̏де да га забављају, било пред редовним муштеријама у Кафеу Намесништва (Café de la Régence) где среће и сабеседника философа, означеног у сатири као Ја (Moi)? То су полазна питања чијим се елаборисањем у овом истраживању систематизује морални наук чувеног Синовца којег је Дидро учинио бесмртним. Као књижевни лик, Синовац је сублимисани прототип стварног Рамоа и италијанског дипломате Галијанија, с примесама још неколико стварних личности које су оставиле утисак на француског просветитеља. Али, пре свега, Синовац Рамо је пој- мовни лик, тј. књижевна метафора једног етичког концепта који аутор елаборише, уједно и Дидроов несташни демон, чиме је, онда, Рамо прави дидроовски моралиста.
О СВЕТИМ МЕСТИМА СВЕТОГ САВЕ: ХИЈЕРОТОПИЈА ИСТОКА И ЗАПАДА У ДОМЕНТИЈАНОВОМ И У ТЕОДОСИЈЕВОМ ЖИТИЈУ СВ. САВЕ
Authors: Бабић Тамара
Published: June 2022

Dans cet article, nous tendons à montrer comment les nouvelles théories du symbolisme spatial peuvent être utilisées de manière à éclaircir certains problems familiers dans les interprétations de l’Est et de l’Ouest dans la literature medieval serbe. Tout d’abord, sur la base des recherché précédentes, nous présentons les différences entre les interpretations médiévales et modernes des symboles et les solutions possibles à cesmalentendus. Dans les deuxième et troisième parties de l’article, nous examinons comment le symbolisme spatial de l’Est et de l’Ouestest formé dans les deux hagiographies et quelle est la nature de sa relation. Enfin, nous donnons un aperçu des differences poétiques entre Domentien et Théodosios et de leur influence possible sur leurs idées et presentations littéraires des espaces sacrés.
СИМБОЛИЧКИ АСПЕКТ ФОЛКЛОРНОГ ЛИКА МОСКВЕ
Authors: Илић Велимир
Published: June 2022

Изучение городского текста на примере анализа фольклорного образа Москвы представляет собой специфическую разработку традиционной семиотической модели, одного из основных способов исследования текста городской культуры, в рамках которого как основные выделяются категории символа и мифа. В данном случае символико- мифологическая система становится своеобразным гравитационным центром, который препятствует дифференциации на отдельные локусы, тем самым сохраняя целостность и культурную самобытность этого феномена. Это находится в соответствии с базовыми концепциями семиотики городской культуры тартуско-московской школы, в которой и зародилось понятие городского текста, с основными структурными элементами – символ и миф города, которые позже были объединены понятиями текст (кода, знака, синтаксиса, семантики) пространства, мифология и символизация пространства.
OVER AND PREKO – AN IMAGE SCHEMA-BASED APPROACH TO CONTRASTIVE ANALYSIS
Authors: Popović Mladen
Published: June 2022

Prepositions as a grammatical category are highly resistant to propositional definitions and as such they present a significant challenge not only for semantic analysis but also for in-class descriptions, each preposition generating a network of senses with no easily discernible core meaning. These factors contribute to a relative lack of theoretical frameworks devoted to prepositional meaning, preposition translation as well as effective methods via which they could be taught. This paper argues that a useful model for translation and teaching of prepositions can be derived from a revised form of Image Schema theory. For this purpose, a contrastive analysis of two prepositions – the English OVER and Serbian PREKO was performed, with the aim of demonstrating how Image Schema theory, with its inherent focus on universally understandable spatial scenes can easily account for divergent senses of translation-equivalent prepositions. Furthermore, the paper argues that the language-neutral medium of visual scene description provides a natural basis for a ‘tertium comparationis’, while also serving as a useful starting point for language teaching as it circumvents many of the problems inherent in propositional definitions.
MORPHOLOGICAL (STRUCTURAL) PRIMING WITH SERBIAN PREFIXED VERBS
Authors: Tatar Nikola
Published: June 2022

The main aim of this paper is to discover whether there exists the so-called morphological, or structural, priming during the process of visual recognition of Serbian verbs with or without prefixes. Therefore, a small-scale psycholinguistic experiment was conducted among the senior students of the English Department at the Faculty of Philosophy. What was actually tested here was whether the appearance of one morphological structure, in our case a Serbian verb with or without a prefix or prefixes, within the context of word snakes would influence our interviewees to take more or less time to visually recognise the verb with the same morphological characteristics. The result that was expected before the experiment itself included, among other things, the fact that one structure will facilitate the recognition of another, regardless of the meaning which has for a very long been the most important and an unavoidable part when priming is being discussed.
БАЊЕ СТАРЕ СРБИЈЕ У СРПСКИМ ПУТОПИСИМА XIX ВЕКА – ПРИЛОГ ИСТОРИЈИ БАЊСКОГ ТУРИЗМА У СРБИЈИ
Authors: Милић Матија
Published: June 2022

У раду су анализирани описи бањских локалитета у путописним текстовима о новоослобођеним областима Старе Србије у 19. веку. Основне изворе чине путописи: Путовање по Новој Србији (Београд, 1879) Сретена Л. Поповића, Из нове Србије (1880-1881) Мите Ракића, Кроз славенске земље Саве Бјелановића (Задар, 1898), Из Београда у Солун и Скопље с Београдским певачким друштвом (Београд, 1894) Спире Калика и Писма из Ниша о харемима (Београд, 1897) Јелене Димитријевић. Описујући геоморфолошка, климатска, геотермална, историјска и антропогеографска својства Нишке, Куршумлијске, Сијаринске и Врањске бање, ови путописци су вршили важну патриотску мисију упознавања читалаца са новоослобођеним крајевима и тиме дали значајан допринос историји бањског туризма у Србији.
ТОПЛИЦА КАО СИМБОЛИЧКИ ТОПОС ДРАИНЧЕВОГ СТВАРАЛАШТВА
Authors: Судимац Нина
Published: June 2022

Од 2019. године и организације научног скупа под називом Књижевно дело Рада Драинца – ново читање, реализованог у сарадњи тадашњег Департмана за српску и компаративну књижевност Филозофског факултета Универзитета у Нишу, Огранка САНУ у Нишу и Народне библиотеке „Раде Драинацˮ у Прокупљу, који је резултовао публиковањем истоименог зборника научних радова у оквиру пројекта Књижевна и језичка прошлост и садашњост на простору југоисточне Србије при Огранку САНУ у Нишу, чији је руководилац проф. др Горан Максимовић, можемо говорити о својеврсном повратку укупном Драинчевом опусу. Као пример новог и интегралног тумачења дела Рада Драинца можемо навести и монографију Топлица у делу Рада Драинца доц. др Мирјане Бојанић Ћирковић, такође публиковану као резултат истраживања на пројекту Књижевна прошлост и садашњост на простору југоисточне Србије (бр. 0-19-18, руководилац проф. др Горан Максимовић).
ЈЕДИНА СВЕТЛОСТ КОЈА СЕ НИЈЕ СРЕЛА СА ТАМОМ ИВИЦЕ ЖИВКОВИЋА
Authors: Јекић Сара
Published: June 2022

У издању Међународног центра за православне студије у Нишу (2020) обја- вљена је стручна монографија Ивице Живковића Једина светлост која се није срела са тамом: Богословски допринос Драгише Бојовића, која представља значајан допри- нос како у погледу Бојовићевог професионалног ангажмана и бављења науком тако и у домену даљег расветљавања проблема који се тичу славистике, српске црквене књижевности и теологије. С обзиром на чињеницу да аутор није имао претходнике на чије би се дело могао надовезати током писања, када је у питању богословски допринос Драгише Бојовића, утолико је ова монографија значајнија и успелија, јер представља реализацију оригиналне идеје, првобитно замишљене као приказ једне књиге, и значи не само први направљени корак, него и јасну смерницу на ново- откривеном путу. Аутор своје дело обликује захваљујући књигама, многобројним радовима и интервјуима Драгише Бојовића, али се позива и на своја лична сећања, односно на оно што је сам чуо и видео, те издвојено поткрепљује коментарима. Мо- нографија је прилагођена како за научна истраживања тако и за едукацију читалаца о бољем упознавању са животом и делом Драгише Бојовића, светски признатог про- фесора и историчара књижевности, чије је све научне и стручне квалификације због ограничења рада готово немогуће набројати.
Dinamik Demiryolu Kuvvetlerinin Darbe Simülasyonlarıyla İncelenmesi
Authors: ÇEÇEN Ferhat , AKTAŞ Bekir , ÖZTÜRK Hakan
Published: June 2022

Bu çalışma kapsamında, demiryollarında meydana gelen statik, yarı-statik ve dinamik kuvvetlerin karakteristik özellikleri, geniş bir literatür taraması, basitleştirilmiş örneklendirmeler ve özgün darbe simülasyonları ile incelenmiştir. Simülasyon çalışmaları esnasında, B70 tipi öngerilmeli beton demiryolu traversleri kullanılmış ve farklı ara yüzeylere yüksekten serbest kütle düşüşleri gerçekleştirilmiştir. Bu sayede dinamik kuvvetlerin, risk kontrol hiyerarşisine uygun olarak; ilk etapta nasıl kısıtlanabileceği ve demiryolu yapı elemanları dizayn edilirken, doğru dizayn felsefesinin nasıl olması gerektiği yönünde algısal farkındalık düzeyinin artırılması hedeflenmiştir. Çalışma sonucunda, elastisite modülü ve rijitliği optimum düzeyde düşük ve deformasyon kabiliyeti yeterli derecede yüksek demiryolu yapı elemanlarının hem kendisine etkiyen hem de çevreye yayılan kuvvetlerin ivme değerlerinin şiddet ve frekans bileşenlerini düşürmeyi sağladığı, deneysel olarak ortaya konulmuştur.
Sexuell übertragene Infektionen (STI)
Authors: Gürtler Lutz
Published: June 2022

Infektionen mit Bakterien der Gattungen Chlamydia, Mycoplasma und Ureaplasma sind sowohl beim Tier als auch beim Menschen weit verbreitet. Sie werden wohl trotz der Möglichkeiten zur erfolgreichen Prävention und Therapie bei den sexuell übertragbaren Infektionen auch in Zukunft eine Rolle spielen. Eine Infektion kann asymptomatisch, aber auch tödlich verlaufen; besonders immungeschwächte Personen und Neugeborene sind gefährdet.
Assessment of Nurses’ Knowledge Regarding Management of Patient’s with Cholelithiasis Disease
Authors:   Nursing, University Of Kufa, Faculty Of Nursing, Iraq, Kareem Maryam Mohammed Ali
Published: June 2022

Cholelithiasis affects approximately 15% of the US population. Rising trends in obesity and metabolic syndrome have contributed to an increase in diagnosis of cholelithiasis. There are several risk factors for cholelithiasis, both modifiable and non modifiable. Women are more likely to experience cholelithiasis than are men. Pregnancy, increasing parity, and obesity during pregnancy further increase the risk that a woman will develop cholelithiasis. The classic presentation of persons experiencing cholelithiasis, specifically when gallstones obstruct the common bile duct, is right upper quadrant pain of the abdomen that is often elicited upon palpation during physical examination and documented as a positive Murphy’s sign Descriptive Cross-Sectional Design is adopted in the current study to achieve the early stated objectives. The study started from January 2nd, 2021 until May, 20th, 2021. A Non-Probability (Convenience Sample) of (60) nurses were including in the present study. Sample collect from 1, 3,4) and emergency department The results of the present study indicated that the majority of the samples (93.33%) have deficit knowledge, which agree with the results of the study showed that the reasons for lack of nurses’ knowledge regarding from the researchers’ point of view “might be related to lack of continuing educational programs or sessions about Cholelithiasis, supervision, continuous evaluation of nurses’ practice, and cooperation between multidisciplinary health care team members (nurses-physicians). Conclusions according to the present study findings, the researcher can mention the following conclusions:Most of nurses in medical units had knowledge deficit concerning management of cholelithiasis nursing management. It is found that the most of nurses are middle age group within (35-39) years old. It is concludes that the most of nurses are institute and college graduated, most of the nurses years’ experience in medical wards(1-10 years). most of the sample have participating in the sessions training in medical wards but no related to cholelithiasis nursing management. Encouraging nurses to update their information by participating in training sessions and conference inside and outside Iraq to improve their knowledge regarding cholelithiasis nursing management which working in medical wards.
The Effects of Ownership Structure on Bank Efficiency for Taiwan: Is there a Non-Linear Relationship?
Authors: Liao Chang-Sheng , Li Xinyan
Published: June 2022

Abstract

To investigate the impact of ownership structure and concentration on bank efficiency in the case of Taiwan, we consider the non-linear relationship between ownership and efficiency, using the panel threshold model technique to test whether a non-linear relationship is significant. Empirical findings indicate that ownership structure is significantly impacted by bank efficiency; the results show that managerial ownership negatively relates to efficiency and ownership concentration, and state-ownership has no regard for bank efficiency. The results show that the threshold effect is significant, implying a significant non-linear relationship between board ownership and efficiency. This supports the form of non-linear relation as found in previous literature.

JEL Classification: G21, G34.
Keywords: Ownership structure, Concentration, Panel threshold model.
Which glomerular filtration rate estimation formula should be used for nephrological evaluation in patients with common variable immune deficiency
Authors: Aytekin Gökhan , Baloğlu İsmail , Yıldız Eray , Çölkesen Fatih , Özer Hakan , Arslan Şevket , Çalışkaner Ahmet , Türkmen Kültigin
Published: June 2022

Background: Common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) is the most common primary immunodeficiency in adults. In addition to renal complications of the disease, there may be an increased likelihood of renal dysfunction due to sucrose in immunoglobulin replacement therapies or other drugs used in treatment. In CVID patients, it is important to monitor patients for renal complications at routine intervals. We compared creatinine-based calculation methods for estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) such as Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (MDRD), Cockcroft-Gault (CG), and Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration (CKD-EPI) with 24-hour urine creatinine clearance measurement. We aimed to investigate which calculation method was more reliable and consistent in this patient population.

Methods: The records of 14 patients who had clinical follow-up at our hospital were retrospectively reviewed. Patients’ eGFR values were measured by three different methods (CKD-EPI, MDRD , and CG formulas). The 24-hour urinary creatinine clearance of all patients and e-GFR calculated by the formula were compared.

Results: The eGFR calculated using the MDRD formula was 122.99±41.22 mL/min/1.73 m2, whereas the eGFR measured using the 24-hour urinary creatinine clearance was 99.64(83.35-156.58) mL/min/1.73 m2. Moreover, eGFR calculated by CKD-EPI formula was 113.83±26.46 mL/min/1.73 m2, while eGFR calculated by CG formula was 133.52±45.35 mL/min/1.73 m2. 24-hour urinary creatinine clearance was positively correlated with MDRD, CKD-EPI and CG formulas (r=0.726, p=0.003, r=0.634, p=0.015, r=0.806, p=0.001, respectively).

Conclusions: We found that all creatinine-based formulas used in clinical practice for eGFR measurement correlate with 24-hour urine creatinine clearance in patients with CVID. In addition, we have shown that eGFR calculated with the formula CKD-EPI is more closely related to 24-hour urinary creatinine clearance. Therefore, we believe that the eGFR measurement calculated with CKD-EPI is more useful for nephrological follow-up of patients with CVID. It should be noted that our study has some limitations due to the small number of patients.
Social Work's Role in Human Rights for Refugees: Challenges Facing Syrian Refugee Women and Girls
Authors: Ostrow Laura
Published: June 2022

In looking at social work’s response to the human rights of refugees, the profession has not been historically very engaged with the social issue and there seems to have been a general lack of awareness regarding the human rights issues facing refugees (Libal & Popescu, 2018). However, by viewing social work as a human rights profession, social workers may have the opportunity to become more prepared to aid refugees globally not only in a clinical response, but also on the level of advocacy and policy implementation to advocate for and ensure the rights of refugees around the world (Karlsson & Johnsson, 2020). This paper will first engage in a historical analysis, discussing historical social work approaches, historical framing, and present-day social construction and response to the global refugee crisis. The paper will then analyze the overall mental health, wellbeing, and other challenges facing refugees, providing specific attention to the those faced by Syrian women and girl refugees, followed by an analysis of how social work can address these challenges. The paper will then highlight assumed causes and consequences of these challenges while addressing how those in power have framed the refugee crisis throughout history. The paper will then dive deeper into the prevalence of these human rights challenges and who they impact. After discussing how this issue relates to social work values, this paper will then detail potential advocacy steps social workers may implement at the micro, mezzo, and macro levels to address it.
The Wave Function Collapse Algorithm and its Application to AI Navigation
Authors: Trefry Luke
Published: June 2022

For so long, game developers have had to hand place waypoints, leading to linear paths being taken by Artificial Intelligence (AI) which move between them. These paths often loop, and if they don’t, they only serve to move an AI from point A to point B in the same way time and time again. A more dynamic solution is needed, and the Wave Function Collapse Algorithm is suited to provide that. This solution was implemented in the Unity engine using C#. By utilizing the provided Wave Function Collapse Algorithm template, waypoints were able to be substituted for game objects. When implemented in this manner, the Wave Function Collapse Algorithm places waypoints within a defined area allowing an AI navigator to maneuver between them. Should a waypoint be inaccessible, the waypoints will regenerate. Waypoints, upon the map regenerating, are removed so that any of those colliding waypoints cannot be accessed by the AI. This creates a dynamic path for an AI to traverse. The AI only moves between active waypoints and the map is able to regenerate so that the paths laid out do not succumb to the same pitfalls that traditionally plotted paths do. The next logical step is to apply the Wave Function Collapse Algorithm to a generated map. By allowing the Wave Function Collapse Algorithm to plot waypoints dynamically and continuously, different applications can utilize this to allow an AI to traverse a map in a unique way.
The Changing Memory
Authors: Chrzanowski Jayden
Published: June 2022

Internet search engines allow people to access new information in seconds. Although the Internet provides easy access to a mass of information, over-reliance on it changes how human memory works, which may have an adverse effect on critical thinking. Individuals with a dependence on search engines tend to remember where they found the information rather than the material itself. Human memory systems work by connecting new information to old in the brain, which requires people to actively think about the material they are taking in. When people bypass critical thinking due to Internet search habits, they cannot form the neural connections needed to create new ideas. As people continue to rely on Internet searches when confronted with a question to which they do not know the answer, abilities to think critically and creatively and to recall information suffer as memory systems change, hindering the ability to generate new ideas.
Instances of Human Genetic Resistance Against Pathogens
Authors: Sampson Joshua , Ravindran Pavithran
Published: June 2022

This paper will review research on genetic mutations in humans that grant resistance against pathogens.  It will describe the characteristics of these genetic traits, which pathogens they grant resistance to, and the mechanism by which these traits provide resistance. It will then discuss the detrimental aspects of these traits, if any, and the potential applications of the genetic resistance mechanisms. Finally, it will cover further research on the genetic trait or pathogen that should be conducted. The following traits will be discussed within this review: sickle cell mutation in the hemoglobin gene and malaria resistance, the Δ32 mutation in the CCR5 gene and HIV resistance, and the erythrocyte silent mutation in the Duffy antigen promoter and malaria resistance. The research conducted on these genetic traits has allowed us to understand more of the pathophysiology of the disease they resist against.
Change in earnings that lead to change in stock prices
Authors: Peddi Amitesh
Published: June 2022

The efficient market hypothesis theory states that stock prices completely reflect all available information, but it does not tell us about the change in information that leads to change in stock prices.  In order to find the magnitude, four regressions were carried out. Their results were statistically not significant and conveyed that the efficient market hypothesis is right.
Ҳуқуқбузарликларнинг якка тартибдаги профилактикаси институтининг назарий асослари
Authors: Жалилов Нодирбек
Published: June 2022

Мақолада ҳуқуқбузарликлар профилактикаси турлари, уларнинг ўзига хос хусусиятлари, хусусан, ҳуқуқбузарлик-ларнинг якка тартибдаги профилактикаси тушунчаси, мақсади, объекти ва босқичлари, шунингдек, унинг назарий асослари нимадан иборат эканлиги, якка тартиб-даги профилактика амалга оширилганда қўлланадиган чора-тадбирлар, якка тартибдаги профилактикани амалга оширувчи органлар ва муассасалар, ҳуқуқбузарлик содир этган шахс ҳисобини юритиш, тарбиявий таъсир кўрсатиш орқали уларни ахлоқан тузатиш, уларда ижтимоий ҳаётга мос хулқ-атвор ва турмуш тарзини шакллантириш ҳамда назорат қилиш ва шу каби бошқа ҳолатлар илмий таҳлил қилинган ҳамда бу борада тегишли таклифлар илгари сурилган.
Effects of Health Care System Responsiveness On Diabetes Management Among the Patients Seeking Care at St. Mary’s Mission Hospital in Nairobi
Authors: Njiru Zipporah Wawira , Mulemi B.A. , Njeri S. Ngacha
Published: June 2022

Purpose: Diabetes is one of the non-communicable diseases (NCDs) of great global public health and development concern. This NCD has adverse effects on the social well-being of patients, their households, and the whole society. The overall objective of this study was to determine the effects of health care system responsiveness on diabetes management among the patients seeking care at St. Mary’s Mission Hospital in Nairobi.

Methodology: This study drew on descriptive study design, involving quantitative and qualitative methods, particularly closed and open questions. The sample size was 269 respondents included in the study through purposive and convenient sampling. These sampling techniques were preferred in this research since data was gathered from the respondents during their visit to the hospital. The researcher collected data through interviewer-administered questionnaires containing both open and closed questions. Qualitative data was grouped, coded, and categorized, picking on cross-cutting issues, then compiled, analysed, and interpreted accordingly. Quantitative data was coded then entered into Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 22 for windows. SPSS was used to run frequency distributions and cross-tabulations for analysis and interpretation, and Microsoft Excel was used for graphical presentation.

Findings: The study established unequal distribution of health care facilities for diabetes management across the Counties in Kenya. This leads to a late diabetes diagnosis. The respondents reported that the health care system in Kenya does not offer an affordable quality of care to diabetes patients. This makes some patients skip days or weeks without medication.

Unique contribution to theory, practice and policy: The study recommends the hospitals to form support groups or devise other forums for patients’ education and encouragement on diabetes management. They should also look into the possibilities of having diabetes services in one building. This would ensure rapid diagnostic tests and treatment for diabetes patients.
GENDER DISCRIMINATION IN THE 21STCENTURY, SUSTAINABLE EDUCATIONAL DEVELOPMENT (SED) AMONG WOMEN, AND LEGAL EXPLANATION ON HUMAN RIGHTS SPECIFICATION ON FREEDOM OF KNOWLEDGE A STUDY OF NORTH OF WESTERN NIGERIA
Authors:   Department of Arts & Social Sciences, Waziri Umaru Federal Polytechnic,  Birnin Kebbi, Nigeria, Rasheed Zuwaira , Isah Muhammad ,   Department of Social Development, Waziri Umaru Federal Polytechnic,  Birnin Kebbi, Nigeria, Kuttu Musa ,   Department of Social Development, Waziri Umaru Federal Polytechnic,  Birnin Kebbi, Nigeria, Adamu Rufai ,   Department of Social Development, Waziri Umaru Federal Polytechnic,  Birnin Kebbi, Nigeria, Hassan Bashir ,   Department of Business Education Waziri Umaru Federal Polytechnic, Birnin Kebbi, Nigeria, Bunza Asmau ,   Department of Arts & Social Sciences, Waziri Umaru Federal Polytechnic,  Birnin Kebbi, Nigeria, Saidu Ibrahim ,   Department of Business Education Waziri Umaru Federal Polytechnic, Birnin Kebbi, Nigeria
Published: June 2022

The paper focused on Girl-child education policy in Sokoto State Nigeria. The movement of education from primitive society to organic society had been a very beautiful transition in the history of human civilization. The study adopted the fundamental right of girl education in Nigeria, which had been a policy established by government (education for all). The study had technically, observed that girls child education in Nigeria was associated with number of socio-economic and political challenges faced by women in Nigeria, indeed Sokoto State. In order to achieve this epistemological task among government, stakeholders, spiritual and community leaders, indeed parents, vital awareness is needed particularly, from the family level. The study utilized and highlighted secondary information to ensure adequate and valid data. The study therefore, introduced, and assessed governmental policy such as National Gender Policy in Basic Education that’ served as response to the challenges of achieving gender equality in education, as expressed in the 1999 Constitution of the Federal Republic of Nigeria, which states that access to quality education is the right of every Nigerian child male or female. The findings, therefore, revealed that, the possible actions Taken by the parents, government, traditional rulers, spiritual leaders, communality elders and stakeholders where very weak. The attainment of gender equality is not only seen as an end in itself, being a human rights issue, but is also a prerequisite for the achievement of national and international sustainable women education in the 21st century, targeting Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) and Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) before the year 2020. The study recommendations with some adoptable strategies as tools for enhancing women or girls child education.
EFFECT OF ENHANCED PROCESS-ORIENTED GUIDED INQUIRY LEARNING STRATEGY ON SECONDARY SCHOOL CHEMISTRY STUDENTS’ INTEGRATED SCIENCE PROCESS SKILLS ACQUISITION
Authors:   Department of Science and Technology Education Faculty of Education, University of Lagos, Osuji Patience , Owoyemi Toyin ,   Department of Science and Technology Education Faculty of Education, University of Lagos, Adeyemo Sunday ,   Department of Science and Technology Education Faculty of Education, University of Lagos
Published: June 2022

Awareness has been created on learning science using inquiry strategies. Its implementation in secondary school chemistry classrooms in Nigeria has not been encouraging. Thus, this study was carried out to engage senior secondary school students in inquiry using EnhancedProcess Oriented Guided-Inquiry Learning (EPOGIL) and to determine its effects on their integrated science process skills acquisition in some chemistry concepts. The influence of mathematical ability was also investigated. Teacher Demonstration (TD) was used as a control strategy.The study adopted a quasi-experimental pre-test, post-test non-equivalent control design. 6 intact classes used in the study were randomly assignedto treatment and control groups. Data was collected using the Test of Integrated Science Process Skills Acquisition (TISPSA) and Mathematical Ability Test (MAT). Data obtained were analysed using ANCOVAat 0.05 level of significance. The result of the study showed significant main effect of treatment on integrated science process skills acquisition.Based on the findings from the study, it is therefore recommended among others, that chemistry teachers should adopt strategies like EPOGIL to enhance their acquisition of integrated science process skills which will position them for success in higher studies and relevance in the 21st century world of work
Regeneratcellulosefasern – großes Potenzial für nachhaltige und zähe Faserverbundwerkstoffe
Authors: Graupner Nina , Müssig Jörg , Huber Tim
Published: June 2022

Regeneratcellulosefasern werden aus pflanzlicher Cellulose regeneriert und weisen hinsichtlich ihrer physikalischen und mechanischen Eigenschaften ein interessantes Potenzial auf, um auch in Faserverbundwerkstoffen eingesetzt zu werden. Sie sind biologisch abbaubar und werden derzeit schwerpunktmäßig für die Herstellung von Textilien, Hygieneartikeln, Filtern und Papier eingesetzt. Im Gegensatz zu Naturfasern können sie in reproduzierbarer Qualität hergestellt werden und unterliegen keinen anbau- oder umweltbedingten Schwankungen. Trotz allem wird ihr Potenzial für die Verwendung in Verbundwerkstoffanwendungen bisher kaum ausgeschöpft.
Baumarktkunden werden sparsamer
Authors: Hofmann Janine
Published: June 2022

Im Baumarkt kaufen Kunden derzeit preisbewusster und überlegter ein. Die Teurungsrate ist höher als die allgemeine Inflationsrate, die Preise steigen stärker als die Lebensmittelpreise.
Lidl geht auf Sendung
Authors: Loderhose Birgitt , Lattmann Christian , Stockburger Manfred
Published: June 2022

In Asien sorgen Online-Verkaufsshows bereits für Milliardenumsätze. Lidl wagt jetzt erste Live-Shopping-Versuche in Deutschland – mit Bordmitteln.
Hersteller setzen auf vegane „Garnelen“
Authors: Adelhardt Andrea
Published: June 2022

Der deutsche Markt für pflanzlichen „Fisch“ wächst laut Marktforschern stetig. Nun sehen die Hersteller von Fischalternativen auch in veganen Garnelen-Ersatzprodukten ein Wachstumsgeschäft.
Der Appetit der Konkurrenz wächst
Authors: Sachsenröder Delphine
Published: June 2022

Den herkömmlichen Instant-Mahlzeiten mit Reis oder Nudeln machen zunehmend Startups Konkurrenz. Sie werben mit gesünderen Alternativen – und verlangen von ihren Kunden dafür deutlich mehr Geld. Vor allem der Absatz von Asia-Sorten wächst deutlich. Delphine Sachsenröder
„Mehrwert muss dem Landwirt vermittelt werden“
Authors: Schultz Olaf
Published: June 2022

Landwirtschaft 4.0 kommt nicht nur für Großbetriebe infrage. Prof. Jörg Dörr begründet diese These. Zudem erläutert er den Stand der Digitalisierung in der Branche und was es noch zu tun gilt.
Große Firmen sagen ab
Authors: Behme Dagmar
Published: June 2022

Während Saatgutanbieter und Landtechnikhersteller dieses Jahr stark vertreten sind, fehlen einige namhafte Konzerne aus der Agrarchemiebranche auf den DLG-Feldtagen. Dafür gibt es mehrere mögliche Gründe.
Bringing interaction to the next level
Authors: Patron Christoph , Umbach Anne
Published: June 2022

ZOEK (Center for Organic Electronics) gGmbH based in Cologne, Germany, reports on their latest development: flexible and printed haptic-feedback devices based on piezoelectric polymers for integration in MAGOS gloves
A call for action
Authors: Prista Luisa
Published: June 2022

Luisa Prista, senior expert on innovation, women in tech & entrepreneurship and formerly a board member of EU associations, imagines printed electronics as a profitable, growing, innovative industry BECAUSE it has integrated more diversity, including more women