bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Are K–12 Teachers Ready for E-learning?
Authors: Polat Elif , Hopcan Sinan , Yahşi Ömer
Published: May 2022

Readiness is important for the success of the e-learning process. The purpose of this study was twofold: to develop a scale to measure K–12 teachers’ e-learning readiness, and to examine their readiness to teach online. The participants were 3,295 K–12 teachers working in Izmir, Turkey. First EFA, then CFA-SEM was performed. Additionally, teachers’ e-readiness in terms of gender, years of service, school level, and daily device usage time were examined. Teachers are ready for e-learning considering their overall scores. A significant difference was found in favor of males in the “technical competence” factor and in favor of females in the “colleague, content, and pedagogical and ethical competence factors”. The readiness of younger teachers is generally higher. On a factor basis, there is only a significant difference in the factors of computer self-efficacy and student readiness according to educational level. As the use of devices increases, technology-related readiness increases. The readiness of teachers plays an important role in determining future strategies, measures, and interventions that need to be taken to advance e-learning.
Internetowa spółka z ograniczoną odpowiedzialnością w organizacji — wybrane aspekty
Authors: Boś Kacper
Published: May 2022

Przedmiotem niniejszego opracowania są wybrane aspekty instytucji prawnej w postaci internetowej spółki z ograniczoną odpowiedzialnością w organizacji. Pod pojęciem internetowej spółki z o.o. należy rozumieć spółkę z o.o. utworzoną za pomocą wzorca umowy udostępnionego w systemie teleinformatycznym. Na podstawie ogólnej charakterystyki spółki, mechanizmu jej tworzenia i funkcjonowania wyróżniono zagrożenia, jakie instytucja ta może nieść dla obrotu gospodarczego. Wśród nich wskazane zostały: wadliwy sposób ustanawiania członków organów tejże spółki, brak wspólnej bazy danych dla systemu portalu S24 i KRS, możliwość usunięcia spółki w ramach systemu, a także trudności dowodowe związane z jej działalnością. Zebrane argumenty pozwoliły na sformułowanie konkluzji, zgodnie z którą stadium organizacji internetowej spółki z o.o. powinno zostać wyłączone z racji zbyt dużego zagrożenia dla obrotu gospodarczego.
PROTOTYPE APPLICATION OF CROWD DETECTION SYSTEM FOR TRADITIONAL MARKET VISITOR BASED ON IOT USING RFID MFRC522
Authors: Suteddy Wirmanto , Atmanto Dastin Aryo , Nuriman Rizki , Ansori Afila
Published: May 2022

Crowds of people are the government's concern in dealing with the COVID-19 pandemic because the virus transfers unwittingly from one person to another and transmits it to the closest environment. One of the locations where crowds are difficult to avoid is a traditional market and is thought to be one of the places that have the potential to become the center of the spread of COVID-19. Various efforts made by the government in suppressing crowds have yielded results, but not a few violations that occur are carried out intentionally or unintentionally, one of the efforts to prevent crowd violations is the traditional market visitor detection monitoring system by market management so that market visitors do not violate health protocols and crowds that occur in an area can be avoided. In this study, an IoT-based crowd detection system application prototype uses an RFID sensor MFRC522 as a crowd indicator based on data on the number of visitors entering a kiosk that is recorded in the database and then displayed on the application, this data becomes an indicator of which kiosk other visitors want to go to so that the crowd can be avoided. System functionality testing was carried out with 4 scenarios and system reliability testing through data transmission was carried out 10 times with test data in the form of kiosk id and visitor id sent via a single Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) with a full-duplex communication channel. The test results show that crowd indications can be detected in the application with data transmission speeds reaching 875 KB/s with an average delay of 231.4 ms and a standard deviation of 215 ± 313 ms.
WATERFALL METHOD IN WEBSITE-BASED MOTORCYCLE RENT INFORMATION SYSTEM DESIGN AND SERVICES
Authors: Hariyanto Dicky , Sastra Ricki , Ardyanto Dany
Published: May 2022

A lease is an agreement in which a payment is made for the temporary use of an item or property by another person. Berkah Bersama Motor is a business engaged in the service sector. However, in the data collection process at Berkah Bersama Motor, they still use manual processes such as recording customer personal data in books. In this research, the software development method used is the Waterfall method. Waterfall has the advantage that it can produce a fast and quality system so it was chosen in this study. The result of this web-based motorcycle rental management and service design program is that it can simplify the process of collecting customer personal data so as to reduce the risk of data loss because the storage media is still recorded in the book.
USER INTERFACE AND USER EXPERIENCE DESIGNING IN THE KAPUSTAKAN SYSTEM USING USER CENTRED DESIGN APPROACH (CASE STUDY: KERATON NGAYOGYAKARTA HADININGRAT)
Authors: Mina Rofida Rahmatina  , Ratnasari Chanifah Indah
Published: May 2022

The Kapustakan System is a digital collection management system for the Keraton Ngayogyakarta Hadiningrat. The Kapustakan System is being developed to present various museum collections in digital representation, facilitating access to knowledge search, cross-referencing, and encouraging research. This system needs an interface design that takes into account both the User Interface (UI) and the User Experience (UX) to make users feel comfortable when they use it. This paper describes the UI/UX design process for the Kapustakan System using the user-centred Design (UCD) method, which consists of five stages: planning the human-centred design, specifying the context of use, specifying user and organizational requirements, producing design solutions, and evaluating designs against user requirements. The UCD method focuses on the direct involvement of prospective users so that they can influence the design results that meet their needs and desires. The result of this research is a prototype design of the Kapustakan System that has been validated through usability testing of potential users. The parameters tested in usability testing are success rate, efficiency, error rate, and satisfaction. The test's success rate is 93.75%, its efficiency is 90.27%, its error rate is 3.73%, and its satisfaction is 86.25.
MONITORING WATER QUALITY IN VEGETABLE HYDROPONICS USING ARDUINO MICROCONTROLLER
Authors: Windarsyah  , Ansari Rudy , Maulida Ihdalhubbi , Ningrum Ayu Ahadi , Alfiyani Muhammad
Published: May 2022

pH stands for the power of Hydrogen, which is an important factor in hydroponic systems. The hydrogen ion concentration determines the value of the acidity in the solution. If the pH value of the solution is below 7.0, then it is called acidic, and if the pH value is above 7.0, it is called alkaline. The pH value can change, so it is necessary to pay attention to the acidity of the water so that the roots absorb nutrients properly that farmers often find it difficult to take measurements. Mustard plants have a pH range of 5.5 – 6.5. Based on the pH range, it is necessary to have a tool to monitor the quality of the pH in mustard plants. This monitoring is carried out by creating a hydroponic nutrient water disposal system by combining agriculture and mechatronics. Mechatronics will control the nutrient distribution system so that it can be monitored with a smartphone via wireless connectivity such as the GSM module (800L. The water quality monitoring system works by using ultrasonic sensors, sensor probes and TDS sensors, as well as the GSM 800L module. monitoring of water quality in hydroponic mustard plants) using an Arduino microcontroller and detecting pH conditions and solute content. As for the disposal of nutrient water, using a water pump connected to the microcontroller via a relay. Based on the prototype carried out on June 26, 2021, the condition of water quality has decreased in nutritional quality with the first data (pH 6.31 solute 529 ppm) and the latest data (pH 9.09 and solute 662 ppm). When the water quality is below the nutritional standard, the water pump turns on to remove the nutrient water. The results of the prototype that has been carried out have succeeded in monitoring water quality hydroponics and can be used by farmers.
EVALUATION OF MOBILE-BASED E-SAMSAT SYSTEM SERVICES IN BANJARMASIN CITY WITH METHOD TECHNOLOGY ACCEPTANCE MODEL AND IMPORTANCE PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS
Authors: Zulkarnain Andry Fajar , Wijaya Eka Setya , Rifkah Triana
Published: May 2022

The E-Samsat application uses the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) method to find out how the attitudes of users, the response of the Banjarmasin community in paying motor vehicle taxes with the E-Samsat application or manually and using the Importance Performance Analysis (IPA) method to provide an assessment of service and use of E-Samsat. using the Cartesian quadrant. This study uses a questionnaire to obtain data. Questionnaires were distributed to the people of Banjarmasin City and people who paid motor vehicle taxes at the Banjarmasin II Samsat Office. From the results of the analysis based on the TAM method with user attitudes. The Importance Performance Analysis (IPA) method lies in which quadrant the statement items have been answered by the respondent.
Adoption of Farmers about Pest Management in Maize Crop in Panchmahals District
Authors: C. D. Chauhan B. Damor , G. D. Hadiya D. M. Rathod
Published: May 2022

Maize (Zea mays L) is one of the most versatile emerging crop shaving wider adaptability under varied agro-climatic conditions. Globally, maize is known as queen of cereals because it has the highest genetic yield potential among the cereals. Maize is grown as main crop in Panchmahals districts of Gujarat state and it is cultivated in approximately 02.70 lakh hectare area in kharif season. Research scientists, extension workers and farmers have responsibilities to maximize the production and productivity of maize in per unit area. The low productivity in maize was due to lack of scientific cultivation knowledge, poor nutrient management and lack of knowledge on insect pests and disease management. The study was carried out in Panchmahal district was purposively selected for this study. Panchmahals district comprises seven talukas out of these three talukas viz. Godhra, Kalol, and Halol, were selected purposively. Total 120 maize farmers were constitute the sample for this investigation. The study revealed that More than half of the farmers adopted proper sowing time, used university recommended varieties, seed rate, used readymade treated seed, spacing, FYM, Nitrogen as per the recommendation and less than two fifth of the maize farmers not adopted any chemical for the control of maize stem borer, Helicoverpa armigera, andfall armyworm control measures. In case of disease name and their control measures most of the maize farmers not adopted any control measures to control MLB and late wilt. Great majority of the farmers done hand weeding.
Floral Diversity of Forest Research Centre for Skill Development Chhindwara, Madhya Pradesh, India
Authors: Khobragade Nagasamal Damodhar
Published: May 2022

Floral diversity and habit were studied in the 75 acres campus of the Forest Research Centre for Skill Development Chhindwara, (FRCSD) Madhya Pradesh (Central India). Plantations were undertaken in the campus area in form of experimental trials, avenue plantation, ex-situ conservation, progeny trials, provenance trials, etc. A total of 112 species under 88 genera belonging to 46 families were recorded. Out of 112 species 65 species are trees, 42 species are shrub, herb and climbers and 5 species of grasses were recorded in the study area.
Phenotypic Identification, Diagnosis and Isolation of Dermatophytes from Kanpur Region, India: A Cross-Sectional Case Study
Authors: Geeta Sharma Manoj Kumar Maurya , Anupam Das Anil Kumar , Deshnidhi Singh Sarita Maurya , Sujatha R.
Published: May 2022

Background: Dermatophytosis is a superficial clinical condition in which patients experience verities of manifestations in the skin. This disease has a high prevalence in developing countries and affects millions of people worldwide. Geographical variations, species similarities, and poor diagnosis systems are the key barriers to their therapeutic management. In this case study, we were intended to study the diagnosis and frequency distribution of dermatophytes in the Kanpur region, India. Aim and Objective: Phenotypic Identification, Diagnosis, and Isolation of Dermatophyte by using macroscopic as well as direct KOH microscopic investigation followed by culture examination. Material and Methods: This was a cross sectional case study carried out in the Department of Microbiology, RMCH&RC, for the period of about 1 year from February 2017 to May 2018. The Phenotypic identification, diagnosis, and isolation of dermatophyte by using macroscopic as well as direct KOH microscopic investigation followed by culture examination were done. A total of 300 suspected individuals were included in this study to evaluate the causative agents of dermatophytosis. Results: Out 300 suspected individuals, 144 patients were clinically diagnosed and mycologically confirmed as dermatophytes. We have isolated different species of dermatophytes of which T. mentagrophyte (56.31%) and T. rubrum (23.30%) were the most frequently observed contagious agents for humans. Further, we noted that the frequency of T. mentagrophyte (33.1%) and T. rubrum (14.56%) was higher in younger individuals as compared to children and the older population. Subsequently, we observed that T. mentagrophyte (54.37%) and T. rubrum (20.39%) were the most commonly isolated species from the skin than hair and nail. Conclusion: The prevalence of T. mentagrophyte and T. rubrum were notably higher in the Kanpur region of India. Therefore, the development of the novel, precise and rapid diagnostic tool is recommended to lead to the management and cure of dermatophytosis. Based on the above background, in this study, we have evaluated the phenotypic identification, diagnosis, and isolation of dermatophytes from suspected cases.
Study of Bacteriological Profile and Antibiogram of Infections in Intensive Care Units of A Tertiary Care Hospital
Authors: Uppar Akshata
Published: May 2022

The intensive care unit (ICU) is often called as the epicentre of infections, due to its vulnerable population. The present study aims to know the causative organisms and antibiotic susceptibility of infections in intensive care units. The Samples were processed as per standard guidelines. Antibiotic susceptibility testing and ESBL production of the organisms were tested by disc diffusion. Of the 429 samples tested, 112 of the samples were culture positive and most common isolate being Klebsiella sps (38%) followed by Acinetobacter sp (26%), Escherichia coli (21%) and staphylococcus aureus (5%). A local antibiogram pattern for each hospital, based on bacteriological profile and susceptibilities, is essential, to initiate empiric therapy and help in framing the appropriate institutional antibiotic policy.
Neem (Azadrachta indica): Multipurpose Tree Plant for Doubling Farmers Income in India
Authors: Farouq Kamal Murtala
Published: May 2022

Neem is indigenous to India and used in afforestation programmes. It grows in tropical and subtropical regions across the world. Because of its therapeutic value, Neem oil extract is used to treat type 2 diabetes and neurological diseases such as Alzheimer. Neem, being a multifunctional tree, assists farmers in double their revenue through carbon credit under the clean development mechanism (CDM). Neem provides Fuel wood, timber, and soil fertility enhancement. Farmers in Karnataka profited from the carbon sequestered by the plants they cultivate. Farmers in the state's kolar area are planting mango and tamarind trees with the help of charity women for sustainable development, and they are selling carbon credits for each tone of CO2 absorbed by the plant. As a result, Neem is a source of income for many people. The Indian government's goal to expand agriculture and tree planting should include innovative, profitable agribusiness, as well as sustainable and resilient farming. Inadequate non-farm services, small holding sizes, a challenging rural environment, and general insecurity are all obstacles to agriculture and tree plantation. According to the Environmental Authority Act, every tree must be transplanted, and if this is not possible, 5 new seedlings must be planted. Under this Act, anyone who fells a tree shall pay a fine of Rs.10, 000 or face three months in imprisonment, however the key difficulty with the policy is that Tree Authorities are not present in every city in India, there have been countless cases of corruption when several violators got away by bribing or just paying up the price. It is proposed that a tree authority be dispatched to each state, and that Indians invest in research and development, infrastructure building, and technological implementation. The aim of the review is to shade more light on why the need of multipurpose tree/s, where they are found with respect to agro-climate zones of India with focus to Rajasthan state, their importance, policy details, limitations and future strategy.
Assessment of Genetic Variability and Trait Association in Maize (Zea mays L.) Genotypes for Growth and Yield under Alfisols of SAT Region
Authors: Sathish Poldasari , Vanaja Maddi , N. Jyothi Lakshmi B. Sarkar , Ira Khan G. Vijay Kumar , A. Sushma Ch. Mohan , S. K. Yadav K. Salini
Published: May 2022

Understanding the magnitude and pattern of genetic variability is important for developing superior genotypes with maximum yield potential. A field experiment of twelve maize genotypes was evaluated for growth, yield and yield attributing components during kharif and summer seasons of 2017 and 2018. The magnitude of genetic variability, heritability, genetic advance as a percent of mean, phenotypic and genotypic correlation of growth, yield and yield components was assessed. Pooled analysis of variation revealed that, among the maize genotypes, the differences for growth, biomass and yield traits were highly significant (p < 0.01), indicating the presence of considerable genetic variability. The range of PCV for all traits was higher (12.14-47.59%) as compared to the corresponding GCV (12.09-47.47%), revealing that there was an environmental impact on the performance of the genotypes. The grain yield was highly and positively correlated with total biomass, vegetative biomass, cob weight, kernel number and 100 kernel weight, therefore direct selection of these traits might bring an improvement in grain yield. However, higher estimate of GCV (%), H2 (%) and GAM were recorded with total biomass (43.4, 99.7, and 89.4%), vegetative biomass (47.4, 99.5, 97.5%), cob weight (41.9, 99.6, 86.1%), and grain yield (38.3, 98.9, 78.6%) respectively. Therefore, maize genotypes with these high heritable traits associated with high estimate of GCV and GAM can serve as base population to develop superior maize cultivars.
Effect of Pre-Sowing Seed Treatments on Germination of Cinnamomum tamala-A Medicinally Important Tree Species
Authors: Preety Ankurdeep , Sharma Sandeep
Published: May 2022

Cinnamomum tamala, commonly known as the Tejpat, Malabar leaf or Indian bay leaf is a promising medicinal tree species of India. Being aromatic and having immense medicinal benefits, its leaves are widely used in culinary preparations as well as ayurvedic medicines. The exhaustive collection methods of this tree for various purposes have imposed a serious threat on the natural occurrence of this species. So to conserve this species through quality nursery production, the present study was planned with the objective to standardize the method of pre sowing seed treatments in Cinnamomum tamala. It was observed that soaking of the C. tamala seeds for twenty four hours in water resulted in highest per cent germination (77.6%), which was significantly higher than all the other treatments. This was followed by treatment of seeds with warm water at 80º C (62.4 %). The other growth parameters such as root length (9.5 cm), shoot length (10.8 cm), collar diameter (1.9 cm) and plant weight (1.26 g) were also found to be highest in the plants germinated from the seeds soaked in water for 24 hours.
Investigation and PCR diagnosis of Escherichia coli infection (Zoonosis) in fishin Khartoum state, Sudan
Authors: Mohammedali Mohammed Abass Albashire , Suliman Siham Elias , AbdeLSalam Abdalla Mohammed , Fangama Mohamed Ismail
Published: May 2022

Fish known as source of protein and the number of pathogenic bacteria that cause food borne zoonoses such as Escherichia coli (E. coli) as an important contaminants to fish and its products, also investigate some risk factors associated with infection. One hundred and fifty tissue samples (gill, liver and kidney) were taken from 50 different breed of fish (Synodontis schall, Tetraodon lineatus, Oreochromis niloticus, Bagrus bayad and Lates niloticus) for bacteriological diagnosis and conventional PCR was applied confirmation. The risk factors recorded were age, sex, breed, body weight and body condition. The results revealed that the common lesions were local haemorrhage at gill cover and lower jaw with abdominal swelling. Bacteriologically 44(29.3%) samples were positive to the organism. The distribution of E.coli in the gill was 13(29.5%), liver 14(31.8%) and kidney 17(38.7%) organism. When using PCR obious clear single band was appeared for isolated E.coli. The following risk factors showed association with E.coli infection in the univariate analysis under significant level (P-value ≤ 0.25) were age (0.00), breed(0.041) and body weight (0.004).When using multivariate analysis the age of fish was confined to the infection. In conclusion fish contamination from the surrounding and generally young fish are more susceptible to infection by E.coli. PCR is rapid and realistic tool for diagnosis of the infection in fish.
Rapid Detection of Citrus Greening (Haunlongbing) by Iodine Kit Method and its Validation using Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)
Authors: Deshmukh Snehal Sanjayrao , Gahukar S. J. , Akhare A. A. , Deepa N. Muske
Published: May 2022

Citrus greening (HLB) is deadly diseases caused due to gram negative bacterium called α-probacteria. The transmission of disease occurs by a vector psyllid (Diaphori citri). It cannot be controlled fully by chemical means only the production of diseases free panting material and removal of infected part are the measures to overcome this disease. The early detection of this disease helps to keep the orchards free of diseases and losses. On the basis of visual symptoms the diagnosis of HLB under field condition is very difficult. The symptoms occurred due to HLB are like blotchy mottle pattern of leaves and yellowing of leaves which can also be the reason of nutrient deficiency like zinc, manganese and iron. So, to avoid this confusion present study was designed to produce rapid diagnostic test for the disease. The Iodine kit method was standardized for the detection of disease in field with accuracy and rapidity. The HLB infected leaf produce high starch compare to healthy leaf because of that there is production of brown colour on reaction with iodine while yellow colour was observed in healthy leaves this shows the absence of HLB infection. Later the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to confirm and validate the result obtain by iodine kit method using specific primer to 16S rDNA region of Indian ‘Ca. L. asiaticus’ i.e. OI1/OI2c species. The amplification was observed in HLB infected leaf at 600c with amplicon size of 1160 bp, which was absent in healthy leaf sample. Thus, the iodine kit method has great potential to provide an improved, cost effective, rapid, user friendly and in situ method for diagnosis of Ca. L. asiaticus’ for the farmer, nurseryman, mobile plant pathology laboratories, bud wood certification programme and quarantine programme and in offices. The present methods of disease diagnosis helps in the reduction of disease outbreak and keep the orchard free from diseases by helping us in the screening of disease free planning material.
Evaluation of Different Plant Extract and Bio-Agents against Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. ciceri, Caused Wilt Disease of Chickpea
Authors: Ramesh Singh Kamlesh Ram , Tiwari Pankaj
Published: May 2022

Chickpea is one of the major rabi pulse crop grown in India. It’s is a rich source of protein, minerals and vitamins for human nutrition and straw is also valued animal feed. The maximum inhibits the radial growth (16.33mm and 76.66%), (26mm and 62.85%) and (34.00mm and 51.42%) at 30, 20 and 10% concentration respectively against Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cicei was showed in Neem extract. Onion extract was least effective which showed 48.33, 49.00 and 58.66 mm radial growth and 30.95, 30.00 and 16.20% inhibits mycelial zones at 30, 20 and 10% concentration respectively. Out of the five fungal antagonists tested Trichoderma viride was found to be most effective and recorded least mycelial growth (16.66mm) with highest mycelial inhibition (74.36%) of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. ciceri. The least effective fungal bio-agent were Trichoderma verens (22.33mm and 65.64%) and Trichoderma hamatum (31.33mm and 51.80%) over control. The bacterial antagonist Bacillus subtilis was comparatively least effective than the fungal bio-agent and observed (38.33mm and 41.03%) against Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. ciceri as compared to untreated control. The fungal growth range varied from 16.66 to 38.33 mm and these were showed all the bio-agents suppressed the colony growth of the pathogen.
Growth and Yield of Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) as Influenced by Plant Growth Regulators
Authors: Poonguzhalan Angel, Ramadoss , Narayanan A.L. , Nadaradjan S.
Published: May 2022

A field experiment was conducted at Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru College of Agriculture and Research Institute, Karaikal to study the effect of plant growth regulators on growth and yield of sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) during summer 2021. The field experiment with thirteen treatments was conducted on loamy sand soil in a randomized block design (RBD) replicated thrice. The treatments included four plant growth regulators at various concentrations (NAA 50 ppm, NAA 100 ppm, CCC 100 ppm, BA 5 ppm and HA 500 ppm) and water spray at two levels of application (one spray – at flowering stage and two sprays – at flowering and capsule formation stages) and an unsprayed control. The results revealed that spraying NAA 100 ppm twice recorded the highest values for plant height, leaf area index, dry matter production and number of branches per plant followed by single spray of humic acid 500 ppm at flowering stage. The highest number of capsules per plant was recorded with application of NAA 100 ppm twice at flowering and capsule formation stages. Application of NAA 100 ppm twice recorded significantly higher seed (633 kg ha-1) and haulm (1296 kg ha-1) yields as compared to other growth regulators.
Evaluation of Sterile Body Fluids Infection and its Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern in a Tertiary Care Centre in South India
Authors: Upadhyay Sanjana , Bilolikar Anil Kumar
Published: May 2022

The infection of sterile body fluids is potentially significant as growth of even one colony of a pathogenic microorganism can lead to life threatening consequences. Less number of pathogens and prior empirical antibiotic therapy in patients result in very fewer positive cultures. Hence the study was conducted to isolate the causative organisms of sterile body fluid infections and determine their antimicrobial susceptibility pattern. The body fluids received in the department of Microbiology KIMS Secunderabad were processed in BacT/ALERT 3D by inoculating them in FA Plus bottles under aseptic conditions for 5 days. 2190 samples studied out of which 1110 (50.68%) were cerebrospinal fluid, 498(22.73%) were pleural fluids, 456 (20.82%) were ascitic fluids, and 126(5.75%) were synovial fluid. The predominantly isolated bacteria were Klebsiella pneumoniae followed by Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus spp., Viridans streptococci, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Streptococcus pyogenes, Acinetobacter spp., Serratia, Enterobacter cloacae, Streptococcus pneumonia and other Gram negative bacteria. Gram negative isolates were 100% sensitive to Colistin followed by Tigecycline (85%), Carbepenems (80%), Cefoperazone sulbactum (62%) and Cefepime (62%). Staphylococcus isolates were maximum sensitive to Vancomycin, Linezolid and Tigecycline. Among GNBs (enterobacterales) high resistance was observed to Ciprofloxacin(15.3%) and Amoxicillin clavulanic acid (30.7%). The current shift is an ever-increasing speed of antibiotic resistance in both gram negative and gram-positive isolates. It calls for a strict and organised surveillance and monitoring in hospitals, so the physicians can immediately acquire latest details on prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility pattern which helps in shaping their clinical therapeutic judgement.
Comparative Study on the Performance of Oil Palm Bunch Ash and Poultry Manure as Nutrient Supplements in Bioremediation of Crude Oil Polluted Soil
Authors: Amajuoyi Chinomso A. , Akani Nedie P. , Wemedo Samuel A.
Published: May 2022

The biostimulation potentials of oil palm bunch ash (OPBA) and poultry manure (PM) for the remediation of crude oil polluted soil were comparatively investigated on a 70 Days study period. The hydrocarbon polluted soil was supplemented with different weights (200g and 250g) of OPBA and PM treatments singly and in combination. Analyses of composite samples for both physicochemical and microbiological parameters were carried out using standard methods. The results showed that addition of OPBA and PM significantly modified the soil physical, chemical and biological properties. The phenotypic and phylogenetic analyses of 16S and ITS rRNA gene sequence isolated showed that they are related to members of the species Priestia megaterium, Bacillus aryabhattai and Penicillium javanicum, Aspergillus alabamensis respectively. Of the treatments employed in this study, PS+125gOPBA+125gPM and PS+250gOPBA options presented the optimal levels with potentials as the cost effective biostimulants for remediation of crude oil impacted media.
A Study on Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Phage Types in Wound Infections and its Antibiotic Susceptibility Pattern at King George Hospital, Visakhapatnam, India
Authors: Prasannakumar P. V. , Giddi Suguneswari , Pratyusha Y. Hyma , Vara Aarthi
Published: May 2022

Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a growing concern in the community and in hospitals ever since it has been diagnosed. As staphylococcus has been the dominant pathogen of wounds, Methicillin resistance made the treatment a tough challenge to the clinician. The growing problem of antibiotic resistance and the need for alternative treatments have led to a reappearance of importance in phage therapy. Scope: The present study aimed on MRSA phage types and its antibiotic susceptibility pattern in wounds. Material and Methods: In this study a total of 92 coagulase positive Staphylococcus aureus obtained from various wounds are identified by inoculating on Blood agar, MacConkey agar and Nutrient agar and processed further by necessary biochemical tests and tube coagulase tests. All strains were tested for Methicillin resistance and phage typing. Findings: The results obtained were MRSA (22) of 23.92%, Methicillin sensitive staphylococcus aureus (MSSA) (70) of 76.08% and the predominant phage type in MRSA and MSSA obtained was phage III. The typable MRSA strains and MSSA strains showed 100% sensitivity to Vancomycin followed by 89.13% sensitivity to Cefaperazone-Sulbactum, 87.5% to Ciprofloxacin. Conclusion: Phage typing may be a very useful diagnostic method in future.
Antagonistic Activity of Some Trichoderma Species against Macrophomina phaseolina causing Okra Root Rot
Authors: Bhojani Rishit , Kapadiya Hemangi
Published: May 2022

Antagonistic activity of some Trichoderma species viz., Trichoderma asperellum, Trichoderma virens, Trichoderma gliocladium, Trichoderma viride, Trichoderma hamatum, Trichoderma koningii, and Trichoderma harzianum were evaluated against Macrophomina phaseolina in vitro condition by dual culture technique. Among seven different antagonists tested against M. phaseolinain vitro, Trichoderma asperellum expressed significantly maximum growth inhibition (70.04%) followed by T. hamatum (54.81%), T. gliocladium (28.15%), T. koningii (23.70%), T. harzianum (22.96%), T. virens (22.22%) and T. viride (0.74%), respectively.
Bacteriological Study of Lung Aspirate Cultures of Acute Lower Respiratory Tract Infections with Reference to Blood Cultures and Throat Swab Cultures among Children
Authors: Prasanna Kumar P. V. , Giddi Suguneswari , Sivamma B.V.
Published: May 2022

Acute lower respiratory tract infections (LRTs) are the leading cause of mortality in below 5 year aged children and shows higher incidence among low income group. Scope: The present study was conducted on one hundred twenty paediatric patients suffering from acute lower respiratory tract infections were evaluated. Lung aspirates, blood samples and throat swabs were investigated bacteriologically to identify the prevalent bacterial isolates and their susceptibility patterns. This study observed that acute LRTIs were predominant among males, effects especially below 5 years aged children. Material and Methods: Lung aspirates were collected under the guidance of paediatrician and processed on sheep Blood agar, Chocolate agar, Nutrient agar and MacConkey’s agar followed by incubated for 18-24hrs, simultaneously the blood samples and throat samples were inoculated in appropriate culture media and processed for pathogens. Findings: Bacteriological analysis revealed 47.5 %(57) positivity in lung aspirates, 15.8% (19) positivity in blood culture and 7.5 %(9) positivity for pathogenic organisms in throat swabs. The dominant organism remained Streptococcus pneumoniae followed by Hemophilus influenza, Klebsiella pneumonia. All the pathogens were subjected to antibiotic sensitivity testing by Modified Kirby-Bauer’s method and tested for Meropenem, Ampicillin, Cotrimoxazole, Ciprofloxacin, Cefotaxime, and Amikacin and observed maximum sensitivity to parenteral drugs such as Carbapenems, Cefotaxime and Aminoglycosides. Conclusion: Comparative study with different samples provides statistically significant values.
An Outbreak Study of Scrub Typhus in Latehar District of Jharkhand
Authors: Singh Shweta , Sinha Nikesh , Kumar Manoj , Nand Tiwari Shashank
Published: May 2022

Background and Objectives: Scrub typhus, a zoonotic disease has become a public health problem in many parts of world. It is an arthropod borne gram-negative obligate intracellular bacillus Orientia tsutsugamushi. Aim & objective: We reported in this study a recent outbreak of scrub typhus from Barwadih block of Latehar district, of Jharkhand. Materials and Methods: Samples of clinically suspected cases of scrub typhus (collected by both active and passive surveillance), were tested by IgM ELISA and also Real Time PCR in the Department of Microbiology, RIMS, Ranchi. Results: During the study period, a total of 67 samples from clinically suspected cases of scrub typhus were tested, out of which 16 samples were positive. Conclusion: The increase in scrub typhus infection, prompts us for a better prevention and management of the disease, so as to combat the complications caused by scrub typhus.
Effect of Different Weed Management Practices on Growth and Yield of Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) cv. Kufri Jyoti
Authors: Chaudhary Shalini , Nautiyal Anjana , Kunwar Hema , Negi Prerna
Published: May 2022

The experiment was conducted to study “ the effect of different weed management practices on growth and yield of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) cv. Kufri Jyoti” at Crop Research Centre, SGRR (P.G.) College, Dehradun, Uttarakhand during the rabi season of the year 2017-18. The experimental field was laid out in Randomized Block Design with 3 replications of 8 treatments. The results indicated that days to 50 per cent emergence was significantly earliest (11.57) under Treatment T1 (S Metolachlor @ 0.12 kg/ha as Post-emergence) than other treatments, whereas plant population per meter2 was statistically non significant under the all treatments. The maximum plant height (39.40 cm and 41.60 cm) was observed during later stage of plant growth i.e., 45 and 60 days after planting, respectively, under Treatment T3 (Metribuzin @ 0.4 kg/ha as Pre-emergence). The average weight of tubers per plant and tuber yield per plot (275.33g and 27.57 kg) were found maximum in treatment T5 (Prometryne @ 1.0 kg/ha as Pre-emergence). Thus, it can be concluded that the maximum yield and net return was recorded in T5 (Prometryne 1.0 kg/ha pre- emergence) over other treatments. Hence the treatment T5 (Prometryne 1.0 kg/ha pre- emergence) could be recommended for weed management in potato.
Effect of Physico-chemical and Textural Properties on Black Gram (Vigna mungo) Flour Burfi
Authors: Pandurang Patil Sheetal , Gangaram Narwade Shankar , Gajanan Khandagale Sham
Published: May 2022

Burfi was prepared from milk with constant level of sugar (30 per cent by weight of khoa) and different levels of black gram flour (2.5, 5, 7.5 and 10 per cent by weight of khoa). On an average black gram flour burfi of treatments T1, T2, T3, T4 and T5 contained moisture 15.90, 15.50, 14.90, 14.35 and 13.30 per cent, fat 20.88, 19.52, 18.63, 17.93 and 16.95 per cent, protein 14.60, 15.63, 16.03, 16.54 and 16.94 per cent, ash 2.45, 2.52, 2.59, 2.64 and 2.72 per cent, total solids 84.10, 84.50, 85.10, 85.65 and 86.70 per cent, crude fiber 0.15, 0.16, 0.17, 0.20 and 0.21 per cent, total sugar 46.17, 46.83, 47.85, 48.54 and 50.09 per cent, titratable acidity 0.539, 0.525, 0.502, 0.487 and 0.474 per cent L.A., pH 6.44, 6.62, 6.68, 6.79 and 6.88 respectively. In textural parameters, hardness ranges from 0.617 to 1.827 kg, cohesiveness 2.192 to 1.333, adhesiveness -0.001 to -0.005 kg, springiness were 1.5068 to 1.4304 mm, gumminess scored 1.352 to 2.435 and chewiness ranges from 2.037 to 3.483 for treatments T1, T2, T3, T4 and T5 respectively.
Performance of High Yielding New Chili Variety, LCA-625 in North Coastal District of Andhra Pradesh
Authors: N. Raja kumar Sathi Babu , D. Umamaheswara Rao V. Gouri , Rajini A.
Published: May 2022

India is the leading country for growing chilli with highest area, production, consumption and also for export. Andhra Pradesh State is occupied first position in area and production in India. Due to high fluctuations in market price and high cost of cultivation coupled with lower yields are leading to frequent low profits and even loss to the farmer. Targeting high profits, a new chilli variety, LCA-625 was assessed in the farmer’s field through On Farm’ testing trials for three consecutive years from 2017-18 to 2019-20 during rabi in Visakhapatnam district of Andhra Pradesh State, India. Higher yields were recorded by longer fruit length and high dry weight of fruit and also yield improvement of 9.57 per cent with LCA-625 over control (VNR-577). The dry fruit yield with LCA-625 (4776 kg/ha) was higher against control (VNR-577), 4500kg/ha) with CBR of 1:2.03 compared to control (1:1.71)
Early Generation Testing of New Restorer Lines in Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) for Earliness and High Oil Content
Authors: Nadaf Shabanabeguam , Nehru S. D. , Uma M. S. , Rao A. Mohan , Manjula C. P. , Shadakshari G. , Umar Farooq M. S.
Published: May 2022

An investigation was carried out to assess the general combining ability effect (gca), specific combining ability effect (sca) of the hybrids for earliness and high oil content by crossing six CMS lines with sixteen testers viz.,10 R × R S3 high oil content restorer lines and 6 R × R S4 early restorer lines following line × tester mating design. The resulting 96 hybrids along with four checks (KBSH-44, KBSH-53, KBSH-78 and RSFH-1887) were evaluated in a simple lattice design, simultaneously parents were also evaluated in RCBD design at Main Agricultural Research Station, Hebbal, Bangalore during summer 2020-21. Among the sixteen testers, high oil content tester viz., 44-2-1[H] and early maturing tester viz., 2-3-1-2[E] (75 days) were identified as good general combiners for earliness, seed yield plant-1 and oil content. Out of six CMS lines, CMS 903 B was found to be good general combiners for earliness whereas, NDCMS 2B is for seed yield plant-1 with oil content. Among the 96 hybrids CMS 1103A × 25-2-4-2 [E] (79 days), CMS 1103A × 21-9-5-2 [E] (80 days) and CMS 903A × 5-2-1 [H] (79.50 days) were identified as desirable specific combiner for earliness. Whereas, CMS 911A × 8-5-5-1 [E], CMS 911A × 21-9-5-2 [E] and NDCMS 4A × 31-1-1[H]were recorded high sca effect for seed yield. Whereas, NDCMS 2A × 30-10-1[H] (41.63%), CMS 911A × 25-2-4-2 [E] (41.11%) and NDCMS 4A × 11-4-1[H] (39.73%) showed high sca effect for oil content.
A Comparative Study to Assess the Effectiveness of Child - Child Approach versus Teacher - Child Approach as a Teaching Learning Method Regarding Sex Education among Adolescent Girls in Selected Schools of District Mohali, Punjab, India
Authors: Kumari Bandna , Nitakumari Khoinaijam
Published: May 2022

Sex education is that education, which is imparted to child for providing knowledge regarding sex. Sex education is related to the establishment of healthy attitude among adolescents that may lead to a healthy social life. The aim of study is to assess the effectiveness of child - child approach versus teacher - child approach as a teaching learning method regarding sex education among adolescent girls. A quantitative approach with comparative research design was adopted. By systematic random sampling technique, 120 adolescent girls were selected from two different schools Mohali, 6o adolescent girls for child- child approach method and 60 for teacher- child approach method. Structured knowledge questionnaire was used to collect the data from adolescent girls in selected schools of Mohali. Analysis of data was done using descriptive and inferential statistics. The study finding shows that the knowledge score of child – child approach adolescent girls had good knowledge score i.e. (83.3%) as compare to knowledge score of teacher – child approach adolescent girls had average knowledge score i.e. (80.0%). The study shows that child- child approach method was more effective than teacher – child approach method.
Phytochemical Evaluation and Uses of Ximenia americana L in Central Darfur
Authors: Sharief Taha Mohammed , Mohammed Bashier Rahma Salaman , Haroon Mohammed Ishag
Published: May 2022

Ximenia americana bark, leaves, and fruits which belong to the family Olacaceae traditionally used for the treatment of different human ailments. The study was conducted to evaluate the scientific basis for the use of the plant. Chemical constituents of the extract were also determined. The extract was active against different microbiological organisms were found. Phytochemical screening extract showed the presence of saponins, few alkaloids, tannins, flavonoids, terpenes, triterpenes sterols, and coumarins in all extracts and fractions. Anthrax-quinones, starch, general glycosides, and bitter principles were found to be present in the extract. The study supports the traditional use of this plant by herbalists as a remedy and curing different ailments.
White and Black Sesame Seed Oil and their Natural Active Compounds Presenting Antifungal Properties
Authors: Saaeed Dehiash Abd Elmaboud Breima , Sharief Mohammed Taha Mohammed
Published: May 2022

In the present study, we evaluated the antimicrobial activity of white and black sesame seed oil against a range of fungal pathogens including that responsible for animal and plant infection. Sensitivity testing against some pathogenic fungi were studied with white and black sesame seed oils in the laboratory pouring aqueous extract of the sesame seeds into the culture media. Trichophyton mentagrophytes, Trichophyton verrucosum, Microsporum canis, Microsporum gypseum, and Aspergillus spp. were the microorganisms used and they were identified, confirmed and obtained from the Biology laboratory of the University of Zalingei, Sudan. The result showed that sesame oil has strong antifungal activity against opportunistic fungal pathogens such as Trichophyton mentagrophytes, Trichophyton verrucosum, Microsporum canis, Microsporum gypseum, and Aspergillus spp. The oil extracted from white sesame seed was found to give better than black sesame seed oil on the studied fungi. This article focuses on natural products used as antifungal properties, their effects on the minimum inhibitory concentration value, as well as their environmental value. The study suggested that both white and black sesame seeds are potential sources of functional food to prevent chronic diseases.
The Effect of Some Medicinal and Aromatic Plant Extracts on Rhizopus stolonifer in Central Darfur State
Authors: Sharief Mohammed Taha Mohammed , Saaeed Dehiash Abd Elmaboud Breima
Published: May 2022

The need for natural antimicrobials is paramount to avoid harmful synthetic chemicals. This study investigated the antifungal activity of some medicinal and Aromatic Plants against mold. Rhizopus stolonifer is one of the strong parasitic pathogens, which can cause fruits and vegetables causing economic losses. The study aimed to determine the antifungal activity by using the natural compounds of (Clove; Neem; Tea, and pomegranate). Different concentrations (0.1, 0.01, 0.02, and 0.05 ppm) prepared from these extracts inhibited the growth of the test pathogens and the effect gradually increased with concentration. Clove aqueous extracts showed a broad antifungal spectrum at all studied concentrations, followed by Tea, Neem, and Pomegranate. The study suggested that Clove was to be significantly very effective against Rhizopus stolonifer. Result proves that pomegranate was not very effective in controlling the mold in this study in the mean of a few toxic compounds to Rhizopus spp.
Botanical Product Controlling Nematode on Tomato in Zalingei, Central Darfur, Sudan
Authors: Hassan Mohammed Abbaker , Sharief Taha Mohammed , adam Kamal Ibrahim
Published: May 2022

Plant extracts are, nowadays extensively used as environmentally friendly ways for biological control of insect and plant diseases, instead of using chemical pesticides. Therefore, this study aimed to find out the effect of Calotropis procera, Poultry manure, Carbofuran, and Beauveria bassiana (Bals.) on root-knot nematode (M. incognita) in tomato crop. To study the efficacy of different botanical extracts for management of root-knot nematode, M. incognita in Zalingei, Central Darfur, Sudan, a pot experiments were conducted. Results showed that all biological extracts caused significant decreases in egg hatching and increasing nematode mortality and increasing growth and yield parameters of tomato crop. It found that these biological extracts are involved in plant defense and hence provide resistance against nematode attack that reveals with good response to the environment and saving human life.