bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Regolith-hosted Rare Earth Element Mineralization in the Esperance Region, Western Australia: Major Characteristics and Potential Controls
Authors: Sergeev Nikita , Collins Tiffany
Published: August 2024

A number of regolith-hosted REE occurrences have recently been discovered in the Esperance region in southern Western Australia. This paper summarizes major characteristics of the REE mineralization and discusses contributing factors and potential controls. The main aim is to explain why there is a lack of highly sought-after ion-adsorption clay type REE deposits across the region despite the presence of the regolith-hosted REE mineralization on a regional scale. Local mineralization mostly occurs as continuous flat-lying enrichment “blankets” within the residual regolith developed over Archaean–Proterozoic granite gneisses and granitoids with elevated REE content. The enriched horizon is commonly located in the lower saprolite and saprock and is accompanied by an overlying REE-depleted zone. This distribution pattern, together with the data on HREE fractionation and the presence of the supergene REE minerals, indicate chemogenic type enrichment formed by supergene REE mobilization into groundwater, downward transport and accumulation in the lower part of the weathering profile. Residual REE accumulation processes due to bulk rock volume and mass reduction during weathering also contribute to mineralization. It is proposed that climate and groundwater chemistry are the critical controls on the distribution of REEs in the weathering profile and on their speciation in the enrichment zone. Cenozoic aridification of climate in southwest Australia heavily overprinted pre-existing REE distributions in the weathering profile. Acidic (pH <4), highly saline groundwaters intensely leached away any relatively weakly bound, adsorbed or colloidal REE forms, moving them downward. Dissolved RREs precipitated as secondary phosphates in neutral to alkaline environment at lower Eh near the base of the weathering profile forming the supergene enrichment zone. Low denudation rates, characteristic of areas of low relief under the arid climate, are favorable for the preservation of the existing weathering profiles with REE mineralization.
Analyzing Managerial Traits: Measuring Influence on Financial Performance in Selected Nifty 50 Companies in India
Authors: Soni Krunal , Sharma Rahul , Valand Jignesh , Derashri Purvi Dipen , Trivedi Darshna , Doe-dartey Richard Kawadzo
Published: August 2024

Keywords: Financial Performance, Managerial Traits, Nifty 50 Companies, tenure of managers, Age of managers, Gender of Managers
Advancing 3Rs: The Mouse Estrus Detector (MED) as a Low-Stress, Painless, and Efficient Tool for Estrus Determination in Mice
Authors: Belozertseva Irina V. , Merkulovs Dmitrijs D. , Kaiser Helena , Rozhdestvensky Timofey S. , Skryabin Boris V.
Published: August 2024

Determining the estrous cycle stages in mice is essential for optimizing breeding strategies, synchronizing experimental time lines, and facilitating studies in behavior, drug testing, and genetics. It is critical for reducing the production of genetically unmodified offspring in the generation and investigation of genetically modified animal models. An accurate detection of the estrus cycle is particularly relevant in the context of the 3Rs—Replacement, Reduction and Refinement. The estrous cycle, encompassing the reproductive phases of mice, is key to refining experimental designs and addressing ethical issues related to the use of animals in research. This study presents results from two independent laboratories on the efficacy of the Mouse Estrus Detector (MED) from Elmi Ltd. (Latvia) for the accurate determination of the estrus phase. The female mice of five strains/stocks (CD1, FVB/N, C57Bl6/J, B6D2F1, and Swiss) were used. The results showed that the MEDProTM is a low -traumatic, simple, rapid and painless method of estrus detection that supports the principles of the 3Rs. The use of the MEDProTM for estrus detection in mice caused minimal stress, enhanced mating efficiency, facilitated an increase in the number of embryos for the in vitro fertilization and allowed the production of the desired number of foster animals.
Technological sovereignty as a factor of strategic development
Authors: Ivanov Vladimir Viktorovich
Published: August 2024

It is shown that scientific and technological progress stimulates the globalization technological process (Globalization 4.0t). In the new world economic order, the leading positions will be occupied by countries with technological sovereignty. The basic institute of development is basic research. To ensure technological sovereignty, it is necessary to develop a new state scientific and technical policy.
Spot the bot: large-scale natural language structure
Authors: Gromov Vasilii Aleksandrovich , Borodin Nikita Sergeevich , Kogan Alexandra Sergeevna , Dang Quynh Nhu , Yerbolova Asel Serikanovna , Bayan Hendawi
Published: August 2024

In the modern world, specialized programs (bots) write comments, news, reviews, which may contain false information. As a result, it is extremely important to know whether a given text was written by a real person or a bot. This work aims to study the semantic trajectories of texts in natural languages to analyse the aforementioned problem. The study utilizes the concepts of vector embeddings and their n-grams, as well as methods for (1) clustering the semantic space, (2) analysing the position of texts on the 'entropy-complexity' plane, (3) estimating the intrinsic dimensionalities of vector language representations, and (4) topological data analysis.
Sociotechnoworld: formation’s trends and uncertainty of future
Authors: Lazarevich Anatoly Arkadjevich
Published: August 2024

The author of the paper examines the prerequisites and factors of the formation of a new socio-technological reality – a new socio-technoworld, and features and structural components of this phenomenon. He notes that engineering and technology have always been very important for man and society, at the same time, the current stage of sociotechnogenesis is distinguished by the fact that for the first time in the history of civilizational development, technical and technological know-how are aimed at strengthening not only the physical, but also the intellectual qualities of people. That’s why the author draws his attention to a number of formal, legal, socio-cultural and value problems of the functioning of artificial intelligence systems in the structure of human and social activities. The author analyses various points of view of experts regarding advantages and disadvantages of modern digital technologies in a comparative context. He writes that the existing polyphony of views on these processes is caused by ambiguity of concepts, poorly structured base of empirical observations, lack of evidence-based long-term studies, as the problem of “man and the digital world” has been formed recently. An acute nature of these contradictions dictates the author's desire to substantiate the framework conditions for the coordinated participation of various social subjects (state, public institutions, scientific community, educational institutions and institutions of educational work) in solving a new class of problems of the rapidly developing digital world. Priority areas of this work are also highlighted.
Artificial Intelligence and New Knowledge
Authors: Voitsekhovich Vyacheslav Emerikovich
Published: August 2024

The main problem when comparing artificial intelligence with natural intelligence is reduced to creativity, to the creation (discovery) of new knowledge. What is new is something that was not previously known to the subject, but becomes known at some point. There are several levels of novelty – from sensation to scientific discovery and even a new worldview. A new thought form may arise in the process of solving a problem. A person discovers a new form in the process of intuitive insight. 2 types of explanation of intuition are introduced – combinatorial and noospheric. The fundamentally important role of chaos in the discovery of new forms is substantiated. A fundamental boundary between natural and modern artificial intelligence is introduced. The ways of overcoming the border are shown.
Rational, emotional, intuitive at the foundation of the world
Authors: Volnov Ilya Nikolaevich
Published: August 2024

The development of society is considered as a process of denial by each subsequent stage of the previous one, which inevitably leads to the loss of Truth by this society and its degradation. An example of such denial is given during the transition from the Middle Ages to Modern Times in relation to a single, sacred space-time and its replacement with simple linearized analogues of space and time within the framework of Newtonian mechanicism. The scenarios of the development of society in linear and spiral time are compared. The impossibility of holding the Truth in linear time is shown. Other historical examples of violations of the transmission of Truth to future generations are given. The example of D. Bruno shows an attempt to restore Truth as the art of memory, imaginative thinking and the unity of rational, emotional and intuitive. Today, the Truth is being restored through the sphere approach of V.I. Vernadsky, which replaces the systemic approach, while not continuing the old logic of dead mechanicism, but offering a new logic of a living and reasonable reality – the Noosphere
Theoretical and methodological significance of analyzing the historical evolution of technogenic trends in social dynamics
Authors: Nikitina Yulia Fedorovna
Published: August 2024

This article is a retrospective analysis of the most large-scale, long-term phenomena and processes of social dynamics caused by the development of the technical and technological sphere, which prepared the formation of modern technogenic civilization. The need to identify technogenic trends in social dynamics seems significant in connection with the problems of the education system, since entering a new technologically progressive path of development is impossible without training the appropriate human resources.
Organizational approaches to first aid for acute dental trauma in orphanages and family education centers
Authors:   I.M.Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russian Federation, Malanova O.A. , Morozova N.S. ,   I.M.Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russian Federation, Grynin V.M. ,   I.M.Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russian Federation, Bille D.S. ,   I.M.Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russian Federation, Temnikova S.A. ,   I.M.Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russian Federation, Shcherbakova M.M. ,   I.M.Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russian Federation, Gordienko I.D. ,   I.M.Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russian Federation
Published: August 2024

Objective. To analyze the organizational approaches of dental care using the method of expert assessment in orphanages and family education support centers. Materials and Methods. The study was conducted in orphanages and family education support centers. The data were collected by means of the method of expert evaluation, including the selection and survey of specialists (n = 38) to determine the necessary standards for dental care; as a comparison group, a questionnaire survey of responsible persons from educational organizations (n = 6) was conducted. The survey form was developed by the research staff of Sechenov University. Results. Lack of compliance with the standards of organization of dental care in the majority of children's educational institutions (>90%) participating in the study was revealed. However, when asked about the possibility of eliminating these non-compliances, a significant proportion of managers of these organizations agreed with the experts selected by questionnaire. Conclusion. The best organizational approach to providing dental care to children with acute dental trauma has not been identified in the institutions studied. Therefore, it is necessary to carry out work aimed at improving the conditions of dental care for children who are in orphanages and family education support centers, including work to reduce the risk factors that play a leading role in the occurrence of acute dental trauma and its complications. Key words: acute dental trauma, orphanage, first aid
An Econometric Study on Oil Prices, Exchange Rate and Exports: A Case of Russia, Azerbaijan and Indonesia
Authors: Çakır Mehmet Ali , Recepoğlu Mürşit , Hayaloğlu Pınar
Published: August 2024

After oil crisis in 1970s, discussions of the oil price effect on economies have accelerated. In addition to being a exhaustible energy source, the environmental pollution it generates has led many developed countries to shift towards renewable energy sources. Furthermore, fluctuations in oil prices and increased dependence on it have disruptive effects on national economies. All these factors pose a threat to countries with oil reserves and economies heavily reliant on the oil industry. This study, examines the relationship between oil prices, exports, and exchange rates in Russia, Azerbaijan, and Indonesia whose sum of oil consumption and production exceed that of Europe but have not been the primary focus of previous research. This study employs a panel causality test and encompasses data from 1996 to 2021. The findings indicate the existence of a unidirectional causality relationship from oil prices to both exports and exchange rates in the countries studied. Additionally, the research reveals a unidirectional relationship between exports and exchange rates.
Trafik Sıkışıklığı Ücretlendirmesinin Toplumsal Kabul Edilebilirliğini Etkileyen Faktörler: Örnek Dünya Uygulamaları
Authors: Şevik Setenay , Eser Levent Yahya
Published: August 2024

Sıkışıklık ücretlendirmesi, ulaşım altyapısının verimliliğini artırmayı amaçlayan mali bir uygulamadır. Sıkışıklık ücretlendirmesinin trafiği azaltmadaki başarısına rağmen, uygulamanın hayata geçirilmesindeki en büyük engel, toplumsal kabul edilebilirliktir. Bu çalışmanın amacı; sıkışıklık ücretlendirmesinin toplumsal kabulünü etkileyen faktörleri ortaya koymaktır. Çalışmada; ücretlendirmenin başarılıyla uygulandığı Singapur, Londra ve Stockholm deneyimleriyle; toplumsal kabulü sağlayamayarak ücretlendirmenin son bulduğu Hong Kong, Edinburgh ve New York örnekleri ele alınmaktadır. Çalışma, gerek literatür gerekse ülke deneyimlerinden hareketle ücretlendirmeyi etkileyen faktörleri belirlemesi açısından özgünlük taşımaktadır. Araştırma sonucunda toplumsal kabulü etkileyen on beş faktör belirlenerek gelecekte uygulanacak olası bir ücretlendirmede bu faktörlere dikkat edilmesi gerektiği politika çıkarımı yapılmıştır.
An Analysis of Metaphorical Thinking and Its Flaws in the Synchronic and Diachronic Linguistic Sections of Saussure's Institutes of Linguistics
Authors: Ye Jiamei , Zhang Jiaqi
Published: August 2024

The famous Swiss linguist Saussure, the founder of modern structuralist linguistics, first distinguished between diachronic linguistic and synchronic linguistics in his Course of General Linguistics. The most characteristic feature of this tutorial is that he used metaphorical thinking to clarify problems. His dualistic philosophical ideas about language are almost entirely articulated through metaphorical thinking, and some issues are even thought experiments through metaphorical thinking. The elaboration of metaphors in the process of studying tutorials is very useful for understanding knowledge. At the same time, it has been pointed out that certain metaphors make another evaluation. In this paper, we will analyze the use of two metaphors in this chapter through the tutorial chapter on Diachronic Linguistic and Synchronic Linguistics.
High School English Homework Design Based on Unit-integrated Teaching
Authors: Jingy Wang , Zhongwei Zhou , Kexin An , Zihan Li , Juan Wang
Published: August 2024

The problem of improving the quality of homework, how to design, explore and study the whole teaching of English units in senior high schools, under the national "double reduction" policy has been continuously concerned and discussed based on the cultivation of core literacy in the English discipline, based on the analysis of the learning situation and teaching experience, the study proposes the principles of counting in the perspective of unit holistic teaching: wholeness, practicability and diversity. It is suggested to carry out homework practice based on the overall teaching of the unit by designing holistic homework, practical homework and diversified homework. Diversification of evaluation subjects, multidimensional evaluation objectives, diversification of evaluation forms, whole process of evaluation operation, and personalized evaluation feedback will be used to carry out the evaluation of assignments based on the unit teaching as a whole.
Cerebral blood flow and cognition after three months tadalafil treatment in small vessel disease (ETLAS-2): study protocol for a randomized controlled trial.
Authors: Ölmestig Joakim , Mortensen Kristian Nygaard , Fagerlund Birgitte , Naveed Nadia , Nordling Mette Maria , Christensen Hanne , Iversen Helle Klingenberg , Poulsen Mai Bang , Siebner Hartwig Roman , Kruuse Christina Rostrup
Published: August 2024

Background: Targeted treatment is highly warranted for cerebral small vessel disease, a causal factor of one in four strokes and a major contributor to vascular dementia. Patients with cerebral small vessel disease have impaired cerebral blood flow and vessel reactivity. Tadalafil is a specific phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitor shown to improve vascular reactivity in the brain.
Methods: The ETLAS-2 trial is a phase 2 double-blind, randomized placebo-controlled, parallel trial with feasibility of tadalafil as the primary outcome. The trial aims to include 100 patients with small vessel occlusion stroke or transitory ischemic attacks and signs of cerebral small vessel disease more than six months before administration of study medication. Patients are treated for three months with tadalafil 20 mg or placebo daily and undergo magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to evaluate changes in small vessel disease according to the Standards for ReportIng Vascular changes on nEuroimaging (STRIVE) criteria as well as cerebral blood flow, cerebrovascular reactivity, and neurovascular coupling in a functional MRI sub-study. The investigation includes comprehensive cognitive testing using paper-pencil tests and Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery (CANTAB)-tests in a cognitive sub-study.
Discussion: The ETLAS-2 trial tests the feasibility of long-term treatment with tadalafil and explores vascular and cognitive effects in cerebral small vessel disease in trial sub-studies. The study aims to propose a new treatment target and improve the understanding of small vessel disease. Currently, 64 patients have been included and the trial is estimated to be completed in year 2024.
Trial registration: The trial is registered at clinicaltrials.gov (NCT05173896).
Direct observation of liquid-liquid phase coexistence in deeply supercooled water using an accurate polarizable multipole model
Authors: Wang Lee-Ping , Berrens Margaret , Donadio Davide
Published: August 2024

Liquid water can be supercooled up to about 50~K below the melting point before undergoing homogeneous ice nucleation. Based on experimental thermodynamic observations and computer simulations it was hypothesized that below this temperature and at pressures of several kbar water undergoes a liquid-liquid phase transition (LLPT) and the transition line ends at a second critical point. However, challenges in experiments and simulations at such deep cooling leave doubts about the nature of the LLPT and the existence of the critical point.
Here we use molecular dynamics simulations with a highly accurate and computationally efficient polarizable water model to establish the character of the LLPT and identify the location of the second critical point. Our microsecond-long simulations provide the first direct evidence of a well-defined moving interface between low-density and high-density water at conditions near the phase boundary. This is the ultimate proof of a first-order transition between two liquid phases with distinct free energy basins separated by a barrier, resolving a long-standing debate.
These results provide new perspectives on supercooled water under pressure simulated with an accurate and realistic model suitable for studies of water in confined geological and biological environments.
Relationship between gut microbiota and breast cancer: a Mendelian randomization analysis of mediating effects based on inflammatory proteins
Authors: Li Haipeng , Li Hui , Liu Yuan , Chen Chen , Liu Xinyu , Li Hongtao
Published: August 2024

Background: Breast cancer is associated with dysbiosis of dysbiosis of gut flora. However, the mechanisms of how gut microbiota mediate breast cancer disease are not clear, and exploring possible mediating mechanisms is key to investigating the study of the mechanisms that gut microbiota contribute to breast cancer development.
Methods: A two-sample two-way Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis was employed, with publicly available genome-wide association study (GWAS) data, to investigate role of abnormal gut microbiota in breast cancer development. It focuses on assessing the potential mediation by circulating inflammatory proteins. The primary methodology employed for identifying gut microbiota (GM) associated with breast cancer and examining the impact of inflammatory markers is the variance inverse weighting method, supplemented by the MR-Egger method and weighted median method. This research aims to offer novel insights into potential therapeutic interventions for breast cancer.
Result: Seven genera and three inflammatory proteins were determined to be associated with breast cancer. The inflammatory protein Fibroblast growth factor 21 levels mediated the effect of the intestinal bacterium Adlercreutzia on the course of breast cancer in 11.1% of cases, and the inflammatory protein CD40L receptor levels mediated the effect on the gut microbiotaParabacteroides on the course of breast cancer in 9% of cases.
Gene Expression Profiling for the Diagnosis of Male Breast Cancer
Authors: Liu Jing , Sun Yifeng , Qi Peng , Wo Yixin , Xu Qinghua , Huang Shenglin , Wang Qifeng
Published: August 2024

Background:
Male breast cancer (MBC) is a rare malignancy, but its global incidence has shown a notable increase in recent decades. Factors such as limited health literacy, insufficient health education, and reluctance to seek medical attention contribute to most MBC patients being diagnosed at an advanced stage. Consequently, there is an urgent need for a highly specific and sensitive diagnostic approach to MBC.
Methods:
This retrospective study enrolled 20 patients with 30 surgical or biopsy MBC specimens from August 2020 to August 2023. The 90-gene expression assay was performed to determine the tissue of origin. Predicted tumor types were then compared to the reference diagnosis for accuracy calculation. The differentially expressed genes were identified between male and female breast cancer.
Result:
The 90-gene expression assay demonstrated an overall accuracy of 96.7% (29/30) when compared with the pathological diagnosis. Subgroup analysis revealed accuracies of 100% (15/15) for primary tumors, 90.9% (10/11) for lymph node metastatic tumors, and 100% (4/4) for distant metastatic tumors. Five genes (RPS4Y1, PI15, AZGP1, PRRX1, and AGR2) were up-regulated, and six (XIST, PIGR, SFRP1, PLA2G2A, S100A2, andCHI3L1) were down-regulated in MBC.
Conclusion:
Our findings highlight the promising performance of the 90-gene expression assay in accurately identifying the tumor origin in MBC. Incorporating this assay into pathological diagnoses has the potential to empower oncologists with precision treatment options, ultimately enhancing the care and outcomes for patients with MBC.
Cardiac adverse events associated with statins in myocardial infarction patients: a pharmacovigilance analysis of the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System
Authors: Deng Chuanhuan , Lin Xiaofang , Ni Dan , Yuan Ludong , Li Jing , Liu Yuxuan , Liang Pengfei , Jiang Bimei
Published: August 2024

Background: Despite the advent of new pharmacotherapies, statins remain a cornerstone in the secondary prevention of myocardial infarction (MI). However, the cardiac adverse events (CAEs) linked to statins are not well-documented.
Aim: This pharmacovigilance study used data from the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) to investigate the association between statin use and CAEs in MI patients.
Method: Reports from the FAERS database (2004-2023) identifying statins as the primary suspect in MI patients were analyzed. The study evaluated seven types of statins: atorvastatin, fluvastatin, lovastatin, pitavastatin, pravastatin, rosuvastatin, and simvastatin. Disproportionality analysis using four major indices, Reporting Odds Ratio (ROR), Proportional Reporting Ratio (PRR), Bayesian Confidence Propagation Neural Network (BCPNN), and Multi-Item Gamma-Poisson Shrinker (MGPS), was conducted to detect signals of statin-related CAEs.
Results: Of the 20,346,289 reports reviewed, 150 identified statins as the primary suspect drug in MI patients. The most common CAEs were recurrent MI (50 reports), acute MI (14 reports), followed by tachycardia (10), angina pectoris (8), coronary artery occlusion (6), cardiac failure (6), and arrhythmia (6). The analysis revealed no significant signals of statin-induced CAEs.
Conclusion: The findings confirm that statin use in MI patients does not significantly increase the risk of cardiac adverse effects, supporting their safety profile in this context.
Thermodynamic processes-induced prolongating effects on triple La Niña events in a hybrid coupled ocean-atmosphere model
Authors: DONG Xiang , Zhang Rong-Hua , HU Junya , GAO Chuan , Chen Maonan
Published: August 2024

Observed ENSO cycles show apparent asymmetry, especially manifested as frequent occurrences of multi-year La Niña events but mostly single-year El Niño events, whose causes are still not well understood. Most previous research has primarily based on observational data and reanalysis products; current coupled ocean-atmosphere models still have difficulties in realistically depicting multi-year La Niña events. A new hybrid coupled model (HCM)-based 1000-year simulation presented here can adequately depict the evolution of triple La Niña events, with sensitivity experiments further performed to explore their physical mechanisms. The results reveal that off-equatorial Pacific Meridional Mode (PMM)-like sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies can promote triple La Niñas by establishing a surface cooling in the first place that is located in the central equatorial Pacific. When the PMM-related off-equatorial cold SST anomalies weaken, the equatorial surface cooling in the western-central equatorial Pacific can be sustained by thermodynamic coupling processes (wind speed–evaporation–SST feedback). Further sensitivity experiments and diagnostic analyses are conducted to confirm that the thermodynamic processes can prolong the triple La Niña events by intensifying the effect of the off-equatorial cold SST anomalies on the equatorial surface cooling and enhancing the local ocean-atmosphere coupling. Therefore, adequately representing the PMM-like SST anomalies and the related thermodynamic processes is an important factor affecting a way for coupled models to depict multi-year La Niña events.
Time to Positivity of Coagulase Negative Staphylococcus in Neonatal Blood Cultures as a Useful Tool to Discriminate Between Sepsis and Contamination
Authors: Carbonell-Sahuquillo Silvia , Olea Beatriz , Pérez-Suárez Raquel , Giménez Estela , Colomina Javier , Navarro David , Estañ Javier
Published: August 2024

Objective: to assess the usefulness of time to positivity (TTP) to distinguish between sepsis and contamination in coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) isolates.
Study design: unicentric retrospective observational. 168 patients with suspected sepsis and positive blood culture for CoNS were recruited. Patients were subdivided into sepsis (29%) and probable contamination (71%). Logistic regression analyses were performed to evaluate different risk factors and clinical signs and symptoms associated with sepsis.
Results: TTP cut-off value that best discriminated sepsis from contamination was found to be 18 hours. Regression analysis revealed that TTP ≤18h, gestational age ≤32 weeks, taquicardia/bradicardia and hypoactivity/lethargy were independent predictors of sepsis.
Conclusion: usefulness of TTP to distinguish sepsis from contamination in isolation of CoNS, especially in neonates with other associated risk factors (lower gestational age or being a CVC carrier). The clinical signs that most increase the discriminatory power of TTP are the presence of tachycardia/bradycardia or hypoactivity.
Coronary Flow Velocity Reserve is Decreased in Patients with Restless Leg Syndrome; Case Control Study
Authors: Güz Göksel , Demirgan Serdar
Published: August 2024

Background
Restless leg syndrome (RLS) has been associated with an increased risk of vascular disorders, which suggests that endothelial dysfunction plays important role in the pathogenesis of RLS. In this study, we aimed to evaluate coronary endothelial dysfunction in RLS patients using coronary flow velocity reserve (CFVR) and compared it with healthy controls.
Methods
In this study, the participants were divided into two groups as group RLS (n=42) and group HC (n=41). The primary outcome was the CFVR compared between groups. The number of participants with a CFVR value below 2.0 was also evaluated. In addition, a correlation between the international restless legs scale (IRLS) and CFVR, white-blood-cell-count (WBC), C-reactive-protein (CRP) were analyzed. Secondary outcomes were the WBC, hemoglobin, CRP, blood glucose, high-density-lipoprotein (HDL), low-density-lipoprotein (LDL), and creatinine compared between the two groups.
Results
In the group RLS, CFVR was measured lower than healthy controls (p<0.001). When the groups were compared in terms of the number of participants with a CFVR less than 2.0, the difference between the groups was significant (p<0.001, 0/41 in group HC and 14/42 in group RLS).
Patients with RLS had higher WBC and CRP values. There was a negative correlation between CFVR and IRLS (p<0.001). The relationship between WBC, CRP, and IRLS was not statistically significant (p=0.691).
Conclusions
We conclude that RLS patients had lower CFVR compared with healthy controls and there was a negative correlation between the severity of RLS and CFVR. Therefore, we think that it may be beneficial to follow up patients with RLS in terms of coronary heart disease.
The reduced cognitive load of strong self-related information’s orientation attention revealed by ERP Running title: Cognitive Load of Self-Related Information
Authors: Cheng Sizhe , Zhan Qingchen , Qiu Rui , Xing Wanying , Zhang Yuting , Cao Yang , Li Xinhong , Huang Yan , Wang Xiuchao , Liu Xufeng
Published: August 2024

Background
Event-related potentials (ERPs) can demonstrate the dynamic nature of individual cognitive processing in real time through changes in brain neurons. Previous studies have shown that self-related information (SRI) has the advantage of orientation attention. P2, N2, and P300 are the main components related to the orientation attention of the SRI.
Methods
This study adopted the oddball paradigm of novel stimuli combined with time-domain and frequency-domain ERP analysis. 35 freshmen were recruited for this study.
Results
Compared with low SRI, high and medium SRI elicited similar temporal-occipital N170. High SRI produced N2/N250 components in the left temporal occipital region while medium SRI induced larger temporal-occipital P2. However, high and medium SRIs failed to elicit the P3a associated with orientation attention. There were significant differences in differing degrees of SRI in the delta and beta2 bands.
Conclusion
Birthplace, as a high SRI, can be automatically processed because it is not limited to word processing. Rather, it relies on emotional activation. High SRI needs less activation at a perceptual level, suggesting that it requires a smaller cognitive load.
Identification and validation of key extracellular proteins as the potential biomarkers in diabetic nephropathy
Authors: Pan Wei , Zhang Qiankun , Gong Xiaohua , Wu Wenjun , Zhou Qi
Published: August 2024

Objective: Accumulation of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins in the glomerular mesangial region is a typical hallmark of diabetic nephropathy (DN). However, the molecular mechanism underlying ECM accumulation in the mesangium of DN patients remains unclear. The present study aims to establish a connection between extracellular proteins and DN with the goal of identifying potential biomarkers for this condition.
Methods: Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between DN kidney tissue and healthy kidney tissue were analyzed using the public data GSE166239. Two gene lists encoding extracellular proteins were then utilized to identify extracellular protein-differentially expressed genes (EP-DEGs). Functional enrichment analyses, including Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analyses, were performed on these EP-DEGs. A protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was established to identify key EP-DEGs. Furthermore, the diagnostic ability, immune cell infiltration, and clinical relevance of these EP-DEGs were investigated. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining of paraffin-embedded renal tissues was performed to validate the accuracy of the bioinformatic results.
Results: A total of 1204 DEGs were identified, from which 162 EP-DEGs were further characterized by overlapping with extracellular protein gene lists. From the PPI network analysis, five EP-DEGs (e.g., TNF, COL1A1, FN1, MMP9, and TGFB1) were identified as candidate biomarkers. TNF, COL1A1, and MMP9 had a high diagnostic accuracy for DN. Assessment of immune cell infiltration revealed that the expression of TNF was positively associated with resting dendritic cells (DCs) (r = 0.85, P < 0.001) and M1 macrophages (r = 0.62, P < 0.05), whereas negatively associated with regulatory T cells (r = -0.62, P < 0.05). Nephroseq v5 analysis demonstrated a negative correlation between the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and TNF expression (r = -0.730, P = 0.025). Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) revealed significant enrichment of glycosaminoglycan (GAG) degradation in the high-TNF subgroup. IHC staining of renal tissues confirmed significantly elevated TNF-a expression and decreased hyaluronic acid (HA) levels in the DN group compared to controls (both P < 0.05), with a negative correlation observed between TNF-a and HA (r = -0.691, P = 0.026).
Conclusion: Our findings suggest that TNF plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of DN, potentially by activating the GAG degradation pathway. This study sheds light on the underlying mechanisms driving ECM accumulation in DN and identify TNF as a potential therapeutic target and biomarker for DN.
Risk Factors for Dehiscence in Alveolar Ridge Resorption with Patient-Specific Titanium Mesh Augmentation: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Kaya Sebahat , Barcellos Bharbara Marinho , Fan Shengchi , Azaripour Adriano , Walter Christian , Schiegnitz Eik , Sagheb keyvan
Published: August 2024

Purpose
This retrospective cohort study aimed to analyze the incidence of dehiscence after bone augmentation using patient-specific titanium meshes and the factors associated with its occurrence.
Material and Methods
Patients who underwent bone augmentation with the aid of patient-specific titanium mesh between December 2014 and October 2021 from the Department of Maxillofacial Surgery at Mainz University Hospital were included. The primary outcome was the occurrence of dehiscence after bone augmentation with a customized titanium mesh technique. The occurrence of dehiscence was recorded during the following time phases, enabling the determination of whether dehiscences occur early (< 2 weeks), in the mid-term (3–9 weeks), or later in the healing phase (> 10 weeks).
Results
A total of 78 patients with 85 titanium mesh augmentation were included with a mean follow-up of 1.2 years. The dehiscence was observed in 33 meshes (38.8%), which 51.5% within the first two weeks. In none of the cases was premature removal of the titanium mesh required following dehiscence. A statistically significant correlation between the occurrence of dehiscences and smoking behavior (p < 0.001) and the location of maxillary defect (p = 0.029) was observed. There was no significant correlation between the occurrence of dehiscences and gender (p = 0.160), periodontitis (p = 0.512), gingival type (p = 0.495), type of defect (p = 0,490), and incision technique (p = 0,354).
Conclusion
Dehiscence in augmentations using customized titanium meshes was primarily associated with smoking status and defect location in the maxilla. To achieve high success, early detection and treatment of dehiscence are crucial.
Split-dose Gastric Preparation Improves Dramatically the Degree of the Stomach Cleanliness of Magnet-Controlled Capsule Endoscopy
Authors: Sun Tingji , Zhang Yali , Cheng Chunsheng
Published: August 2024

The current standard preparation method produces poor cleanliness outcomes of magnetically controlled capsule. Inspired by the efficacy of a split-dose preparation in colonoscopy, the aim of this study was to examine the efficacy of a split-dose preparation for stomach cleanliness. Patients who received magnetic control capsule gastroscopy (enrolled August 2020 to December 2021) were divided into split-dose preparation group and singular-preparation group, Preparation outcomes, Gastric fluid turbidity and mucus/foam volume in the stomach were compared between the groups. A greater mean intragastric cleanliness score was obtained for the split-dose group (8.45 ± 1.76) and the singular-dose group (7.0 ± 1.0; P = 0.01). Outcomes were obtained in 14.3% and 7.1% (Excellent P > 0.05), 57.1% and 24.2% (Good,P < 0.05), 28.6% and 68.5% (Poor,P < 0.05), respectively. Split-dose preparation can improve stomach cleanliness.
Long non-coding RNA C20orf56 as predictor for response to neoadjuvant CCRT and survival rates of rectal cancers
Authors: Chen Chih-I , Yeh Cheng-Fa , Yang Ching-Chieh , Lee Sung-Wei , Tian Yu-Feng , Kuo Yu-Hsuan , Wu Li-Ching , Chien Yi-Che Chang , Chang I-Wei
Published: August 2024

Introduction: Colorectal cancers are the third most prevalent malignant neoplasms and the second leading cause of cancer mortality globally. The introduction of neoadjuvant concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT) for patients with resectable rectal cancer not only improves survival rates but also increases the likelihood of curative surgeries. C20orf56, a long non-coding RNA, has been extensively documented as a tumor suppressor across various cancer types, participating in numerous cellular processes. However, no comprehensive evaluation has been conducted on the relationship between C20orf56 expression, response to neoadjuvant CCRT, and survival in patients with rectal cancer.
Materials and Methods: A comparative analysis of gene expression profiles from the transcriptomic dataset (GSE35452) identified C20orf56 as the most significantly up-regulated lncRNA. Tumor samples were collected from 343 primary rectal cancer patients who underwent neoadjuvant CCRT followed by surgical resection. The expression level of C20orf56 was semi-quantitatively assessed using in situ hybridization. Subsequently, statistical analyses were conducted to examine the relationship between C20orf56 expression, various clinicopathological features, and survival outcomes.
Results: Decreased expression of C20orf56 showed significant correlations with less advanced post-treatment tumor invasiveness, negative post-treatment nodal metastasis, absence of vascular invasion and perineural invasion, and improved response to neoadjuvant CCRT (all p ≤ 0.024). Diminished expression of C20orf56 was associated not only with favorable disease-specific survival (DSS), local recurrence-free survival (LRFS) and metastasis-free survival (MeFS) (all p < 0.0001) in univariate analysis but also functioned as an independent predictor signifying enhanced clinical outcomes, including DSS, LRFS, and MeFS (all p < 0.001).
Conclusion: C20orf56 may play a significant role in rectal cancer progression and response to neoadjuvant CCRT, serving as a novel prognostic factor.
Investigation of the Effects of Boric Acid Against Post Operative Testicular Adhesion Caused by Experimental Laporotomy in Rats
Authors: BOLAT İsmail , BOLAT Merve , KİLİÇLİOĞLU Metin , OKUR Sıtkıcan , GÖLGELİ Ayşe , GÖZEGİR Berrah , ÇOMAKLI Selim , YILDIRIM Serkan , SAĞLAM Yavuz Selim , WARDA Mohamad
Published: August 2024

Post-operative intra-abdominal adhesions, significantly affecting testicular tissue, are a prevalent and serious complication following laparoscopic surgery. This study investigated the efficacy of boric acid, known for its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic properties, in preventing post-operative testicular adhesions. Forty rats, weighing between 230 and 290 grams, were divided into four groups: control, laparoscopy (LA), boric acid (BA), and LA + BA. Following laparoscopic surgery, BA treatment was administered for seven days. Adhesion scores were markedly higher in the LA group, whereas the LA + BA group exhibited a significant reduction in adhesion scores. Testicular tissues were analyzed using immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence, Masson's trichrome staining, biochemical assays, and histopathological evaluation. In the LA group, malondialdehyde (MDA) levels increased while superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) levels decreased; these parameters normalized with BA treatment. Additionally, the LA group exhibited reduced levels of IL-10, Bcl-2, Kisspeptin-1, and GnRH, alongside elevated levels of inflammatory markers IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, JNK, BAX, and Caspase 3. Boric acid treatment significantly restored these levels to normal. In conclusion, oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis in testicular tissues were associated with post-operative testicular adhesions. Boric acid demonstrated potential as an anti-adhesive agent, reducing testicular adhesions and normalizing biochemical and histological parameters following laparoscopic surgery.
Ecological Suitability Evaluation of Traditional Village Locations in Jiangxi Province Based on Multi-Model Integration Using Artificial Intelligence
Authors: Zhang Cheng , Gong Huimin , Teng Jinlin , Liu PeiLin , Liu Chunqing
Published: August 2024

Traditional villages have evolved over time to adapt to their environmental characteristics, demonstrating high ecological
suitability. Ideal village locations not only provide comfortable living spaces but also ensure safety and sustainability, reflecting
the ancestors’ profound understanding of the natural environment and ecological wisdom. This study employs a multi-model
integration approach using artificial intelligence to evaluate the ecological suitability of 413 traditional village sites in Jiangxi
Province. It identifies key influencing factors and analyzes the ecological wisdom of ancestral site selection, resulting in an
ecological suitability evaluation map for traditional village locations in Jiangxi Province. The study is based on environmental
characteristic data of Jiangxi Province, including topography, climate, habitat quality, land use, air quality, vegetation cover, and
river network density. GIS is used for spatial analysis and result visualization, and raster data are extracted and standardized.
Machine learning methods such as Random Forest, Support Vector Machine, and Gradient Boosting Decision Trees, as well as
deep learning methods such as Convolutional Neural Networks and Multilayer Perceptrons, are applied. Multi-model integration
techniques are used to combine the predictions of various models, enhancing the accuracy and robustness of the ecological
suitability evaluation. Experimental results indicate that elevation, slope, habitat quality, actual distance to water bodies, and
average temperature are the main influencing factors for village site selection. The multi-model integration method performs
excellently in evaluating ecological suitability, effectively identifying key ecological factors. The model’s accuracy and reliability
are verified through confusion matrix, feature importance analysis, and ROC curve. This study evaluates the ecological
suitability of traditional village sites in Jiangxi Province using a multi-model integration approach. By analyzing the impact
weights of various ecological factors, it constructs a Composite Suitability Index (CSI) and generates an ecological suitability
evaluation map, displaying suitability levels. This provides a scientific basis for the protection and rational development of
traditional villages and serves as a reference for ecological site selection studies in other regions.
Rising Prevalence of Parent-Reported Learning Disabilities among U.S. Children and Adolescents Aged 6-17 years: NSCH, 2016-2022
Authors: Xu Chan , Li Yanmei , Yu Huijuan , Li Qishan , Liang Yingyu , Zhou Kefan , Li Qian , Yu Xinping , Zeng Xia , Qu Yabin , Yang Wenhan
Published: August 2024

The prevalence of learning disabilities (LD) among children is a critical public health issue; however, recent LD prevalence estimates among children and adolescents aged 6–17 years, as reported by the National Survey of Children’s Health (NSCH), remain largely unexplored. Data for this population-based cross-sectional study were obtained from NSCH to estimate the prevalence of LD diagnosis among U.S. children at both national and state levels, and to inspect the 7-year trends in these estimates from 2016 to 2022. Among 187,805 U.S. children, 17,379 had a history of LD diagnosis, with a weighted prevalence of 8.80% (95% CI = 8.52–9.08). Of these, 16,221 were currently diagnosed with LD, yielding a weighted prevalence of 8.20% (95% CI = 7.93–8.48). From 2016 to 2022, the prevalence of ever-diagnosed LD increased from 7.86–9.45%, and that of current-diagnosed LD from 7.32–8.80%, indicating a 20% total increase in both types. The state with the highest prevalence (New Hampshire) had twice that of the state with the lowest prevalence (Utah). This study highlights a critical escalation in LD prevalence among US children and adolescents between 2016 and 2022. Comprehensive screening and support programs must be implemented to enhance early identification and intervention.