bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Risque de cancer de la prostate par profession dans le Système de surveillance des maladies professionnelles de l’Ontario, Canada
Authors: Sritharan Jeavana , MacLeod Jill S. , McLeod Christopher B. , Peter Alice , Demers Paul A.
Published: May 2019

Introduction

Des études épidémiologiques canadiennes ont permis d’établir des liens entre certaines professions et le risque de cancer de la prostate, mais avec des données probantes limitées. Il n’y a pas de facteurs de risque évitables bien établis pour le cancer de la prostate, ce qui rend nécessaire l’examen approfondi des facteurs professionnels pour consolider les données existantes. Cette étude utilise des données sur les professions et sur le cancer de la prostate provenant d’une importante cohorte de surveillance en Ontario pour laquelle les données des demandes d’indemnisation des accidentés du tra¬vail sont jumelées aux bases de données administratives sur la santé.

Méthodologie

Nous avons examiné les professions des 1 231 177 travailleurs de sexe masculin du Système de surveillance des maladies professionnelles entre 1983 et 2015 et nous avons jumelé ces travailleurs au Registre des cas de cancer de l’Ontario afin de détecter et suivre les cas de diagnostics de cancer de la prostate. Nous avons utilisé des modèles de risques proportionnels de Cox pour calculer les rapports de risques (RR) ajus¬tés selon l’âge et des intervalles de confiance (IC) à 95 % pour estimer le risque de cancer de la prostate par groupe professionnel.

Résultats

Au total, 34 997 cas de cancer de la prostate ont été diagnostiqués parmi les travailleurs inscrits dans le Système de surveillance des maladies professionnelles. Dans l’ensemble, on a observé un risque élevé de cancer de la prostate chez les hommes tra¬vaillant dans les domaines de la gestion et de l’administration (RR = 2,17; IC à 95 % = 1,98 à 2,38), de l’enseignement (RR = 1,99; IC à 95 % = 1,79 à 2,21), du transport (RR = 1,20; IC à 95 % = 1,16 à 1,24), de la construction (RR = 1,09; IC à 95 % = 1,06 à 1,12), de la lutte contre les incendies (RR = 1,62; IC à 95 % = 1,47 à 1,78) et du travail policier (RR = 1,20; IC à 95 % = 1,10 à 1,32). Des résultats incohérents ont été observés en ce qui a trait aux emplois de bureau et à ceux du secteur agricole.

Conclusion

Les associations observées dans les professions de cols blancs, de la construction, du transport et des services de protection concordent avec les résultats d’études canadiennes antérieures. Nos résultats mettent l’accent sur la nécessité d’éva¬luer les expositions spécifiques aux divers emplois, le comportement sédentaire, le stress psychologique et le travail par quarts. La compréhension de certains facteurs de risque professionnels permettrait de mieux comprendre l’étiologie du cancer de la prostate et d’améliorer les stratégies de prévention.
A scoping review on the relations between urban form and health: a focus on Canadian quantitative evidence
Authors: McCormack Gavin R. , Cabaj Jason , Orpana Heather , Lukic Ryan , Blackstaffe Anita , Goopy Suzanne , Hagel Brent , Keough Noel , Martinson Ryan , Chapman Jonathan , Lee Celia , Tang Joyce , Fabreau Gabriel
Published: May 2019

Introduction

Despite the accumulating Canadian evidence regarding the relations between urban form and health behaviours, less is known about the associations between urban form and health conditions. Our study aim was to undertake a scoping review to synthesize evidence from quantitative studies that have investigated the relationship between built environment and chronic health conditions, self-reported health and qual¬ity of life, and injuries in the Canadian adult population.

Methods

From January to March 2017, we searched 13 databases to identify peer-reviewed quantitative studies from all years that estimated associations between the objectively-measured built environment and health conditions in Canadian adults. Studies under¬taken within urban settings only were included. Relevant studies were catalogued and synthesized in relation to their reported study and sample design, and health outcome and built environment features.

Results

Fifty-five articles met the inclusion criteria, 52 of which were published after 2008. Most single province studies were undertaken in Ontario (n = 22), Quebec (n = 12), and Alberta (n = 7). Associations between the built environment features and 11 broad health outcomes emerged from the review, including injury (n = 19), weight status (n = 19), cardiovascular disease (n = 5), depression/anxiety (n = 5), diabetes (n = 5), mortality (n = 4), self-rated health (n = 2), chronic conditions (n = 2), metabolic condi¬tions (n = 2), quality of life (n = 1), and cancer (n = 1). Consistent evidence for asso¬ciations between aggregate built environment indicators (e.g., walkability) and diabetes and weight and between connectivity and route features (e.g., transportation route, trails, pathways, sidewalks, street pattern, intersections, route characteristics) and injury were found. Evidence for greenspace, parks and recreation features impacting multiple health outcomes was also found.

Conclusion

Within the Canadian context, the built environment is associated with a range of chronic health conditions and injury in adults, but the evidence to date has limi¬tations. More research on the built environment and health incorporating rigorous study designs are needed to provide stronger causal evidence to inform policy and practice.
Eğitim Yöneticisi 21. yy. Becerileri Ölçeğinin Geliştirilmesi: Geçerlik ve Güvenirlik Çalışması
Authors: ÇOBAN Ömür , BOZKURT Süheyla , KAN Adnan
Published: May 2019

Bu çalışmanın amacı, öğretmen algılarına göre eğitim yöneticilerinin 21.
yy. becerilerine ne derece sahip olduklarını ortaya koymaya yönelik geçerli ve
güvenilir bir ölçme aracı geliştirmektir. 21. yy becerileri alan yazında var
olan sınıflamaya dayalı olarak belirlenmiştir. Taslak ölçeğin kapsam
geçerliliğine uygun olup olmadığını tespit etmek için 6 uzmandan görüş
alınmıştır. Araştırmaya Milli Eğitim Bakanlığında çalışan toplam 361 öğretmen
katılmıştır.  Toplanan verilerin alan yazına dayalı olarak belirlenen faktör
yapısını doğrulayıp doğrulamadığını incelemek amacıyla Doğrulayıcı Faktör
Analizi kullanılmıştır.  Yapılan analizlerin sonucunda eğitim
yöneticilerinin 21. yy. becerilerine ne derece sahip olduklarını ortaya koyan
geçerli ve güvenilir bir ölçme aracı geliştirilmiştir.
Kavram Haritalarının Genel Biyoloji Dersine Yönelik Tutum ve Akademik Başarıya Etkisi
Authors: GÖKÇEN ÖZGÜN Bilgi Başak , YALÇIN Fehime Sevil
Published: May 2019

Bu çalışmanın amacı, genel biyoloji
dersinde kavram haritalama ve geleneksel öğretim yöntemlerini kullanmanın öğretmen
adaylarının akademik başarısı ve biyoloji dersine yönelik tutumları üzerindeki
etkilerini incelemektir. Araştırma Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart
Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Fen Bilgisi Öğretmenliği 2.sınıfta öğrenim gören
103 öğretmen adayının katılımıyla gerçekleştirilmiştir. Araştırmada ön test-son test kontrol
gruplu deneysel araştırma modeli kullanılmıştır. Veri toplama aracı olarak Genel
Biyoloji Dersi Akademik Başarı Testi ve Biyoloji Dersine Yönelik Tutum Ölçeği kullanılmıştır.
Araştırma sonucunda;
deney ve kontrol grubundaki öğrencilerin akademik başarı ve tutum son
testlerinden aldıkları puanlar arasında anlamlı bir fark tespit edilememiştir
(p>.05). Deney ve kontrol gruplarının akademik başarı ve tutum ön test/son test karşılaştırmalarına göre hem
kavram haritalama ile hem de geleneksel öğretim yöntemi ile ders alan
öğrencilerin başarı ve tutumlarında son test lehine anlamlı farklılıklar
tespit edilmiştir (p<.05).
STEM Eğitimine Yönelik Umut ve Hedefler Ölçeği Uyarlaması: Geçerlik ve Güvenilirlik Çalışması
Authors: YAMAN Sülayman , SARIŞAN TUNGAÇ Aslı , BAL İNCEBACAK Belgin
Published: May 2019

Çalışmanın
amacı, ortaokul öğrencilerinin STEM eğitimine yönelik umut ve hedeflerini
belirlemek amacıyla geçerlik ve güvenirlik düzeyi yüksek bir ölçme aracı
geliştirmektir. Araştırma, Douglas ve Strobel tarafından geliştirilen ve 19 maddeden
oluşan STEM Eğitimine Yönelik Umut ve Hedefler isimli ölçeğin Türkçeye
uyarlamasının yapıldığı metodolojik geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışmasıdır.
Araştırmanın örnekleminde, 12 farklı ortaokulun 5-8. sınıflarında öğrenim gören
toplam 873 öğrenci yer almıştır. Ölçme aracının faktör yapısını ve bu yapının
uygunluğunu test etmek için Açımlayıcı Faktör Analizi (AFA) ve Doğrulayıcı
Faktör Analizi (DFA) yapılmıştır. Hem AFA hem de DFA sonuçları, uyarlanan
ölçeğin dört faktör üzerine kurulabileceğini göstermektedir. Farklı yöntemler
kullanılarak bu sonuçlar test edilmiştir. Ayrıca DFA analizine göre uyum
indeksleri, ölçme aracının faktörleri doğruladığını göstermektedir. İki farklı
örneklem grubundan elde edilen verilerin güvenirlik katsayılarının kabul
edilebilir düzeyde olduğu belirlenmiştir. Ölçeğin alt faktörleri “okulda
öğrenme umudu ve iş doyumu umudu”, “fene yönelik tutum”, “mühendisliğe yönelik
tutum” ve “matematiğe yönelik tutum” şeklindedir. Bu çalışmanın sonuçları
ölçeğin güvenirlik ve geçerlik yönünden uygun olduğunu ve özellikle ortaokul
düzeyinde kullanılabileceğini göstermektedir
Güzel Sanatlar Fakültesindeki Seçmeli Derslere İlişkin Öğrenci Görüşleri
Authors: ÇAĞLAYAN Evrim
Published: May 2019

Türkiye yükseköğretim sisteminin lisans düzeyinde yer
alan güzel sanatlar fakültelerinin yaklaşık yüz yıllık bir geçmişi
bulunmaktadır. Bu süre içinde çeşitli ekollerle şekillendikleri görülmektedir.
2000 yılından sonra Bologna süreci başlamış ve bu fakültelerde çeşitli
yapılanmalar gerçekleşmiştir. Seçmeli ders sistemi öğrencilerin bilişsel,
sosyal ve duygusal yönden tüm kapasitelerini kendi yetenekleri ve ilgileri
doğrultusunda geliştirmelerini amaçlamaktadır. Bu noktada mevcut seçmeli ders
sistemin durumunu incelemek ve olası eksiklikleri belirlemek önemli
görülmüştür. Bu araştırmanın amacı; güzel sanatlar fakültesi öğrencilerinin
seçmeli derslere ilişkin görüşlerini belirlemektir. Bu amaçla öğrencilere anket
uygulanmış ve seçmeli derslere ilişkin görüşleri sorulmuştur. Araştırma
verileri Karabük Üniversitesi Fethi Toker Güzel Sanatlar ve Tasarım
Fakültesinde öğrenim gören öğrencilerden toplanmıştır. Elde edilen verilerin
istatistiksel analizi sonucu seçmeli derslerin sayılarında ve içeriklerinde
eksiklikler tespit edilmiş ve mevcut sistemin iyileştirilmesi için olası
öneriler ortaya konmuştur.
PENGARUH MODEL PEMBELAJARAN INKUIRI TERHADAP KEMAMPUAN MENULIS TEKS BERITA OLEH SISWA KELAS VIII SMP NEGERI PANCUR BATU TAHUN PEMBELAJARAN 2014/2015
Authors: Maretta Desy , Barus Sanggup
Published: May 2019

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh model pembelajaran inkuiri terhadap kemampuan menulis teks berita pada siswa kelas VIII SMP Negeri 3Pancur Batu tahun pembelajaran 2014/2015 yang berjumlah 245 populasi dengan sampel 30 siswa. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode eksperimen.Instrumen yang digunakan adalah tes tertulis berbentuk essai. Dari pengolahan data yang diperoleh hasil pre-test dengan nilai rata-rata = 67 standar deviasi 10,04, siswa yang berkemampuan dalam  kategori sangat baik 1 orang(3.33%), kategori baik 10 orang (33,34%), kategori cukup 7 orang( 23,33%), kategori kurang 9 orang (30%) dan kategori sangat kurang sebanyak 3 orang (10%). Hasil post-test dengan rata-rata = 78 standar deviasi 7,91, siswa yang berkemampuan dalam kategori sangat baik  sebanyak 9 orang (30%), kategori baik sebanyak 13 orang (43,34%), kategori cukup sebanya 7 orang (23,33%), dan kategori kurang sebanya 1 orang (3,33%).Dari uji data hasil kelas pre-test dan post-test didapat kedua hasil distribusi normal. Dari uji data hasil homogenitas di dapat bahwa sampel penelitian ini berasal dari populasi yang homogen. Setelah uji normalitas dan homogenitas, di dapat to diketahui, kemudian dikonsultasikan dengan tabel t pada taraf signifikasi 5% dengan df=N-1=30-1=29 dari df=29 diperoleh taraf signifikan 5%=2,04, karena to yang diperoleh lebih besar dari tabel yaitu 4,95> 2,04 maka hipotesis alternatif (Ha)diterima.Berdasarkan data di atas dapat disimpulkan bahwa model pembelajaran inkuiri berpengaruh secara positif dan signifikan terhadap kemampuan menulis teks berita siswa kelas VIII SMP Negeri 3Pancur Batu tahun pembelajaran 2014/2015. Kata Kunci: model pembelajaran inkuiri ,menulis teks berita
IMPROVING STUDENTS’ ACHIEVEMENT IN WRITING PROCEDURE TEXTS THROUGH WORD WEBBING TECHNIQUE
Authors: Ningtyas Diah Fauzi , Sinaga Lidiman
Published: May 2019

This study concerns on improving students’ achievement in writing procedure texts through word webbing technique. The research was conducted by using Classroom Action Research (CAR). The population was the 2012-2013 nine grade students of SMP Negeri 1 Batang Kuis. The number of students was 36, consisting of 21 females and 15 males. The procedure of the research was administrated into two cycles where each cycle consisted of three meetings. Each meeting included four steps namely: planning, action, observation, and reflection. There were two kinds of data collected during the study, qualitative and quantitative data. The instrument for collecting the quantitative data was the writing of procedure texts test while the qualitative data were gathered by using interview, diary notes and observation sheet. Based on the data analysis, the mean of students’ score in Test I was 53,47, for the Test II was 63,05, and for the Test III was 75 The qualitative data showed that the students were interested in the applying of Word webbing Technique. The conclusion is that Word Webbing Technique in writing Procedure Texts improves the students’ achievement in writing procedure texts. Keywords: Students’ achievement, writing, procedure text, word webbing
Improving The Students’ Speaking Achievement in Narrative Text Through Snowball Throwing Model
Authors: Pane Ira
Published: May 2019

This study was conducted to discover students’ achievement in narrative text through snowball throwing model. The design of this study was Classroom Action Research (CAR). The subject of this study was the students of Grade VIII, 2013/2014 school year of SMP Swasta Taman Harapan Medan. The number of students was 39 students. The research was conducted in to two cycles and each cycle consisted of three meeting which consisted of four stages, namely: planning, action, observation, and reflection. To collect the data the instruments that used were qualitative and quantitative data. The qualitative data were collected by using diary notes, observation sheet, and questionnaire sheet. The quantitative data were collected by giving speaking test. Based on the data, the students’ score in speaking test got improvement in every cycle. In Test I, the mean of the students’ score was 64.44 while in Test II, the mean of the students’ score was 68.92 and in Test III, the mean of students’ score was 74.15. Based on the result of quantitative data, it was found that there was improvement on students’ speaking achievement in narrative text. Keyword:Narrative  text, snowball throwing model, classroom actionresearch
THE EFFECT OF PROBLEM BASED LEARNING ON STUDENTS’ RECOUNT TEXT WRITING ACHIEVEMENT
Authors: Hutagalung Dyan Yosephin , Sihombing Lince , Gintings Elia Masa
Published: May 2019

This research deals with the effect of problem based learning on students’ recount text writing achievement. The population of this research was the students of  VIII SMP of SMP Negeri 18 Medan in Academic Year 2015 / 2016. This research was conducted with two randomized groups namely experimental group and control group. The experimental group was taught by using problem based learning strategy and the control group was taught without using problem based learning. The researcher collected the data by giving essay test in the written test form. In order to know the reliability of the test, the researcher used inter-rater formula. The result of the reliability was 0, 93. The data was analyzed by using t-test formula. The analysis showed that the mean scores of the students in the experimental group was significantly higher than the mean scores of the students in the control group at the level of significant α= 0.05 with the degree of freedom (df) 70 with tobserved value 7,327 > ttable value 1,994. Therefore, null hypothesis (Ho) was rejected and alternative hypothesis (Ha) was accepted. The finding indicated that problem based learning  significantly affected the students’ achievement in writing recount text. Key words: Problem Based Learning, Recount Text, Writing Achievement
THE TEACHING READING COMPREHENSION OF HORTATORY EXPOSITION TEXT TO THE ELEVENTH GRADE STUDENTS IN MEDAN
Authors: Simanjuntak Nova Marya , Sibarani Berlin , Gultom Johannes Jefria
Published: May 2019

The objectives of this study were to describe how the teachers teach reading comprehension of hortatory exposition text to the eleventh grade students in Medan and to reveal the underlying reasons why they did that way. This study was conducted by using descriptive qualitative design. The subjects of this study were two English teachers who taught at the eleventh grade students at SMA Methodist 8 Medan in academic year 2016/2017. The data were collected by observing, video recording and interviewing and analyzed by using Miles and Huberman technique (1994). The findings of the study showed that most of the teachers’ way are not yet focusing on teaching reading comprehension but rather focusing to the teaching the knowledge of the genre. The underlying reasons of the teachers’ ways in teaching reading comprehension did not facilitate reading comprehension. It was due to the misperception of the concept of teaching reading comprehension. Keywords: teaching, reading comprehension, hortatory exposition text
THE EFFECT OF USING WORDLESS PICTURE BOOK ON STUDENTS’ ACHIEVEMENT IN WRITING RECOUNT TEXT
Authors: Sembiring Sirikit Karola Br , Ginting Elia Masa , Sinulingga Johan
Published: May 2019

This study was conducted as an attempt to discover the effect of Using Wordless Picture Book on students’ achievement in writing recount text. It was an experimental research. The subject was students of Grade VIII, SMP Negeri 1 Stabat. Two classes from five parallel classes were taken by lottery technique which divided into two groups, 30 students as control group and 30 students as experimental group. The instrument used in this research is to find quantitative data. The analysis in were showed that the scores of the students in the experimental group were significantly higher than the scores of the students in the control group at the level of significant m = 0.05 with the degree of freedom (df) 58, t-observed value 3.006 > t-table value > 2.000. The findings indicate that using Wordless Picture Book significantly affected the students’ writing achievement. So, English teachers are suggested to use Wordless Picture Book in order to improve students’ achievement in writing recount text. Keywords : Wordless Picture Book, Writing Recount Text
DEVELOPING PICTURE SERIES AS A MEDIA FOR TEACHING WRITING PROCEDURE TEXT AT THE THIRD YEAR STUDENTS OF PAHLAWAN NASIONAL JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL
Authors: Nst. Ratnaeza Syahputra , Sumarsih Sumarsih , Nasution Rafika Dewi
Published: May 2019

The aim of this study is to develop Picture Series as a media for teaching writing procedure text at the third year students of Pahlawan Nasional Junior High School. The researcher used Research and Development (R &D) method through ten steps: observing, evaluating need analysis, developing first media, validating with experts, revising it, testing in small group, revising, testing in large group, revising, producing final product. The subjects of this research were 30 students from IX-1 class, and 34 students from IX-2 class. The instrument of collecting data was using questionnaires. The data were analyzed by descriptive text technique. The result of the product from two validators – an English lecturer from State University of Medan and an English teacher from Pahlawan Nasional Junior High School, was in scale of 4 which was in good quality. And the result from all of the students was in scale of 4 which was in good quality too. It means that the developed product/Picture Series is eligible to be used for teaching writing procedure text for the third year students in Pahlawan Nasional Junior High School. Keywords: Research and Development (R & D), writing procedure text, picture series
DEVELOPING ESP READING MATERIALS FOR THE ELEVENTH YEAR DRESSMAKING STUDENTS OF VOCATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
Authors: Samosir Rosy Maya Deli , Sinaga Lidiman S M , Siregar Tiarnita M S
Published: May 2019

The Objective of this research were: (1) To develop ERM to meet the needs of second grade of dressmaking students at SMKN 10 Medan, (2) To Design ERM which is suitable to the needs of second grade of dressmaking students at SMKN 10 Medan. The subjects were the eleventh year students of dressmaking department at SMKN 10 Medan. The study was a Research and Development (R & D) study which is adapted from Borg and Gall (1983). This research were conducted by six phases, they are, Gathering information and data, Analyzing data, Designing new reading materials, Validating new reading materials, Revising new reading materials, Revised-developing reading materials. The Instruments for collecting the data were 30 questionarries need analysis and interview students, teacher and practitioner. The results from the data were the students need authentic material which related and appropriate to their need in order they can understand English well. The developed materials were validated by two experts, one is a lecture and the other is a teacher. The validator scored 4 creteria. The research findings showed that the developed materials were appropriate to be implemented. The average score of validation was 4,72 (lecture score) and 4,75 (teacher score). Based on the results of the study, conclusion and suggestions are directed to the teachers and institution who are teaching in SMKN 10 Medan generally to create and to develop the materials based on students need.Key words: English Reading Materials, Vocational High School Students,                  English for Specific Purpose
Developing Reading Materials In Narrative Texts For Second Grade Students Of Fashion Design Department At SMK Negeri 8 Medan
Authors: Sitepu Irda Silvia , Saragih Willem , Nasution Rafika Dewi
Published: May 2019

This study aims to develop reading materials needed for students at SMKN 8 Medan.The research was conducted by Research and Development (R & D) develop through six phases; gathering information and data, analyzing data, develop new materials, validating by experts, revising and final product. It was conducted at SMKN 8 Medan, especially grade XI. The data were gathered by administering interview to English teacher and distributing questionnaire to 27 students’ needs. The interview and questionnaire results prove that the students need English reading materials which contain the appropriate knowledge or topic with the Kemendikbud (Kementerian Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan), syllabus and students’ need. Thus, developing materials are narrative text, the narrative texts expose the texts about fashion which are adjacent with students’ need. The products have been validated by experts. The average scores are 4.6 or 92 % from English Lecturer and 4.75 or 95% or from English Teacher. It means the developing materials categorized as relevant or appropriate for students at SMN 8 Medan grade XI Keywords: Research and Development (R & D), Reading Materials, Vocational School, Fashion Design Program
DEVELOPING WORD WALLS AS MEDIA IN TEACHING WRITING SKILLS ON DESCRIPTIVE TEXT FOR SEVENTH GRADE STUDENTS AT MTS S NURUL HAKIM TEMBUNG
Authors: Amalia Sry , Sumarsih Sumarsih , Damanik Sisila Fitriany
Published: May 2019

The aim of this study is to develop Word Walls as media for teaching writing descriptive text at the seventh grade students of MTs S Nurul Hakim Tembung. The researcher used Research and Development (R & D) method through six steps: gathering data and information, need analysis, media design, validating to experts, revising, and final product. The subjects of this research were 26 students from VII A at MTs S Nurul Hakim Tembung. The instrument of collecting data was using questionnaires and interviewing the teacher. The data were analyzed by descriptive text technique. The product was assessed from two experts. The average scores of the product assessment were 90 from English teacher, and 92 from English lecturer. The total average scores from two experts were 91 which was in very good quality. It means that the developed product/Word Walls is eligible to be used for teaching writing descriptive text for the seventh grades students at MTs S Nurul Hakim Tembung.  Keywords: Research and Development (R & D), writing descriptive text, word walls.
MALE AND FEMALE TEACHER’S INITIATION IN ENGLISH CLASSROOM INTERACTION
Authors: Sibarani Anatasya Gisela , Ginting Siti Aisah , Saragih Anggraini Thesisia
Published: May 2019

This study was about male and female teacher’s initiation in English classroom interaction. The aims of this study were (1) to find out the types of male and female teacher’s initiations used in English classroom interaction based on Sinclair and Coulthard Model, (2) to find out the reason why male and female teacher used the types of initiation. The design of the research used qualitative research. To answer the problems of the study, the data were collected in three ways by observing, video recording and interviewing. The data were analyzed based on Sinclair and Coulthard theory (1975). The result of this study were the following, (1) there were nine types of initiation used by male and female teacher in English classroom interaction, namely, boundary, teacher inform, teacher direct, teacher elicit, check, re-initiation (i), re-initiation (ii), listing and repeat. (2) the reasons in use of types initiation by male and female teacher. Those were affected by male and female teacher belief which belongs to the presage category and context category which refers to the class in which the teaching process takes place. They had different ways when doing initiation in English classroom interaction, which is they had their own ways in doing interaction with the students. Even though they had different ways but their aim just making the students comprehended and could knew what the teachers said.Keywords: Initiation, Gender, Classroom Interaction
Developing English Speaking Materials Based on The Contextual Teaching and Learning for Grade XI Senior High School in SMA Negeri 1 Kerajaan
Authors: Padang Friski , Sumarsih Sumarsih , Saragih Anggraini Thesisia
Published: May 2019

This study aim to design English speaking materials needed for students of class XI SMA N 1 Kerajaan. This study was conducted by using Research and Development (R & D) design through six stages; gathering information and data, analyzing data, designing materials, validating by experts, revising, and final product. The subject of this study were students of class XI consisting of 20 students. The instruments for collecting the data were questionnaire and interview. After analyzing the data, the writer got the students’ needs. The data were gathered by administering interview to the English teacher and distributing the questionnaire to 20 respondents to get the students’ needs. The interview and questionnaire result of the needs analysis showed that the students needed materials for speaking which were attractive and interesting and based on their social life context. Thus, the learning materials were developed into 6 of speaking material. By two experts; English lecturer and English teacher. The average scores are 4,7 or 95% from English Lecturer and 4,5 or 90% from English Teacher. It means the developing materials categorized as relevant, thus, it can be concluded that contextual teaching and learning speaking materials had been appropriated for grade XI students of Senior High School.Key words: Research and Development (R & D), Speaking materials, Contextual Teaching and  Learning
DEVELOPING ENGLISH READING MATERIALS FOR THE ELEVENTH GRADE STUDENTS OF MARITIME DEPARTMENT OF SMK PELAYARAN SAMUDERA INDONESIA
Authors: Asyrof Jovie , Sumarsih Sumarsih , Siregar Masitowarni
Published: May 2019

This research was aimed to develop suitable English reading materials for the eleventh grade students of Maritime Department of SMK Pelayaran Samudera Indonesia. Due to the result of this research was in the form of a product, this research was categorized as Research and Development (R & D) which adapted Borg and Gall (2003) theory with some modifications. The subjects of this research were the eleventh grade students of Maritime Department of SMK Pelayaran Samudera Indonesia. In conducting this research, the procedures were gathering the data and information, conducting the need analysis, designing the first draft of materials, validating by the expert, revising the materials, and producing the final product. The instruments of collecting the data were the combination of two strategies; interview and questionnaires. The interview was analyzed as qualitative data and the questionnaires were analyzed as quantitative data. These data were the needs of students which covered target needs and learning needs. This research only focused on developing two genres of English reading materials based on KTSP that were taught in the second semester which were procedure and analytical exposition. Keywords: English Reading Materials, English for Specific Purposes, Research & Development (R & D), Maritime Department.
THE IMPLEMENTATION OF TEACHING STRATEGY IN CONDUCTING SPEAKING SKILL FOR GRADE X AT SMA NEGERI 1 BADAR
Authors: Nanda Naomi Yohanna Tri , Husein Rahmad , Lubis Safrida
Published: May 2019

This study aims to find strategies on teaching English Speaking which are suitable to the needs of students of Senior High School. The research was conducted by descriptive qualitative research through three phases; observation, interviewing and documentation. It was conducted in SMA Negeri 1 Badar, especially grade X. The data were gathered by administering interview and observation to 20 respondents to get the students’ needs. The interview and observation results prove that the teaching strategy is not implemented well and need to be improved. The average scores are the first from English lecturer and the second from English teacher. It means that the implementation of teaching strategy in conducting speaking skill as suitable or approriate for grade X of SMA Negeri 1 Badar. Key words: Descriptive Qualitative Reseach, Speaking Skill, Curriculum 2013.
Berkas Elips
Authors: Andriani Suci . , . Mashadi . , . Kartini .
Published: May 2019

ABSTRAK                                       Banyak buku teks dan peneliti sebelumnya telah  membahas tentang berkas lingkaran. Jika terdapat lingkaran  dan , maka  dengan  dan  sebagai parameter dan  merepresentasikan berkas lingkaran. Pada artikel ini, penulis membahas tentang berkas  elips. Jika terdapat elips  dan , maka  dengan  sebarang bilangan real sebagai parameter merepresentasikan berkas elips. Persamaan elips yang memuat parameter tidak selalu menghasilkan bentuk elips, tetapi juga membentuk garis, lingkaran, parabola dan hiperbola. Selain itu, pada artikel ini juga membahas tentang kasus khusus dari berkas elips yaitu berkas elips yang melewati titik , berkas elips yang menyinggung sumbu  atau , dan berkas elips yang menyinggung  garis . Keywords: Berkas elips, persamaan elips, eksistensi elips.
FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI BELAJAR TERHADAP PRESTASI SISWA PADA MATA PELAJARAN MATEMATIKA DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN ANALISIS JALUR (Studi Kasus : SMK Negeri 1 Siborongborong)
Authors: Simanjuntak Mariana . , Nasution Hamidah .
Published: May 2019

AbstractThis study aims to determine the factors that affect learning in SMK Negeri 1 Siborongborong with test and seek the path coefficient correlation coefficient, determine the causal relationship between exogenous and endogenous variables determine the factors that most influence on student achievement. To answer these objectives researchers using Path Analysis. The data used in this study are primary data and secondary data, where the data obtained from the questionnaires filled by the respondent and then the data is processed using Path Analysis with SPSS 16.0 for windows. The results showed bahwafaktor most influence on student achievement is a great method of learning with the influence of 0,261 and a significant relationship between the factors studied were composed of variations of teachers teaching, interest in learning, learning methods, intelligence and motivation of students studying on student achievement.Keywords: Path Analysis, variation teachers teach, interest in learning, learning methods, learning motivation, intelligence of students.
MINIMUM PENUTUP TITIK DAN MINIMUM PENUTUP SISI PADA GRAF KOMPLIT DAN GRAF BIPARTIT KOMPLIT
Authors: Banjarnahor Romiana . , . Mulyono .
Published: May 2019

AbstrakPenelitian ini dilakukan untuk menentukan minimum penutup titik dan minimum penutup sisi pada graf komplit dan graf bipartit komplit. Dengan menentukan kardinalitas dari graf komplit dan graf bipartit komplit akan diperoleh minimum penutup titik dan sisi dari graf komplit dan graf bipartit komplit. Berdasarkan hasil pembahasan, langkah-langkah penelitian ini yaitu: 1) Menjelaskan tentang graf komplit dan graf bipartit komplit, 2) Menjelaskan tentang minimum penutup titik dan sisi pada graf komplit dan graf bipartit komplit, Menentukan minimum penutup titik dan sisi pada graf komplit dan graf bipartit komplit, Mencari himpunan minimum penutup titik dan sisi pada graf komplit dan graf bipartit komplit, Menentukan minimum penutup titik dan minimum penutup sisi pada graf komplit dan graf bipartit komplit. Berdasarkan langkah-langkah tersebut maka diperoleh hasil: 1) Minimum penutup titik pada graf komplit dilambangkan dengan ( adalah dan untuk minimum penutup sisi pada graf komplit dilambangkan dengan ( sebagai berikut: { , 2) Minimum penutup titik pada graf bipartit komplit dilambangkan dengan ( adalah ( {| | | |} dan minimum penutup sisi pada graf bipartit komplit dilambangkan dengan ( {| | | |}.Kata Kunci: penutup titik, penutup sisi, minimum, graf komplit, graf bipartit komplitAbstractThis study was conducted to determine the minimum cover and minimum edge cover complete and complete bipartite graph. By determining the cardinality of complete graph and complete bipartite graph. Based on the results of the discussion, the steps in this research are: 1) Explaining complete graph and complete bipartite graph, 2) Describe the minimum vertex cover and edge in the graph complete and complete bipartite graph, 3) Determine the minimum vertex cover and edge in the graph complete and complete bipartite graph, 4) for the set minimum vertex cover and edge in the graph complete and complete bipartite graph, 5) Determine the minimum vertex cover and edge on complete graph and complete bipartite graph. Based on these measures the obtained results: 1) Minimum vertex cover on the graph complete is denoted by α (G) is and minimum edge cover on the complete graph denoted by ( is { , 2) Minimum vertex cover on the complete bipartite graph denoted by ( = min {| | | |} and minimum edge cover on the complete bipartite graph denoted by ( max {| | | |}Keyword: vertex cover, edge cover, minimum, complete graph, complete bipartite graph
PENERAPAN FUZZY TSUKAMOTO DALAM MENENTUKAN JUMLAH PRODUKSI SABUN DI PT. JAMPALAN BARU BERDASARKAN JUMLAH PERMINTAAN DAN DATA PERSEDIAAN
Authors: Surbakti Ria Rahmadita , Sinaga Marlina Setia
Published: May 2019

ABSTRAKPenelitian ini dilakukan di PT. Jampalan Baru Asahan yang merupakan perusahaan swasta yang bergerak dibidang produksi sabun.Permintaan pasar terhadap sabun tidak menentu setiap bulannya, sehingga persediaan sabun tidak dapat dipastikan yang berakibat produksi sabun yang dilakukan oleh PT. Jampalan Baru Asahan tidak dapat ditentukan secara pasti.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengoptimalkan produksi sabun setiap bulannya dengan mengaplikasikan metode Tsukamoto logika fuzzy agar tidak mengalami kelebihan atau kekurangan persediaan. Jumlah optimal diperoleh dengan menghitung nilai output crisp dengan menggunakan defuzzifikasi metode rata-rata terpusat. Dari hasil penelitian yang telah dilakukan, dengan memasukkan variabel input pada bulan Desember 2016, yaitu jumlah permintaan sebesar 163800 pack dan jumlah persediaan sebesar 19500 pack menghasilkan output jumlah produksi sebesar 151043 pack.Kata kunci : Logika Fuzzy, Metode Tsukamoto, Optimal, defuzzifikasi ABSTRACTThis research was conducted at PT. Asahan Asah's new journey is a private company engaged in soap production. The market demand for soap is erratic every month, so the supply of soap can not be ascertained which results in soap production made by PT. Jampalan Baru Asahan's can not be determined with certainty. This study aims to optimize the production of soap every month by applying the method of Tsukamoto logic fuzzy in order not to experience the advantages or lack of perse. The optimal number is obtained by calculating the output value of crisp using the centralized mean method defuzzification. From the results of research that has been done, by entering input variables in December 2016, namely the number of requests amounted to 163800 pack and the amount of inventory of 19500 pack produced output production amount of 151043 pack.Keywords: Fuzzy Logic, Tsukamoto Method, Optimal, defuzzification
PERBEDAAN PENGARUH KOORDINASI MATA-KAKI DAN METODE PEMBELAJARAN TERHADAP KEMAMPUAN SERVIS ATAS SEPAK TAKRAW PADA MAHASISWA PKO FIK UNIMED
Authors: Wiyaka Ibrahim , Hasibuan Muhammad Nustan , Purba Pangondian Hotliber
Published: May 2019

Servis selain merupakan sepakan awal untuk memulai permainan juga merpakan serangan awal untuk mencari angka kemenangan, terkadang suatu regu kalah bukan karena permainannya kurang baik akan tetapi servis yang dilakukan tidak mematikan, mudah diambil oleh lawan dan sangkut di net serta bola keluar. Kenyataan inilah yang dialami oleh para mahasiswa sehingga sangat diperlukan suatu cara untuk meningkatkannya. Salah salah yang dapat dilakukan adalah mengadakan penelitian dengan judul “Perbedaan Pengaruh Koordinasi Mata-Kaki dan Metode Pembelajaran terhadap Kemampuan Servis Atas pada Mahasiswa PKO FIK Unimed Tahun 2017. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui (l). Perbedaan pengaruh antara koordinasi mata-kaki tinggi dan koordinasi mata-kaki rendah terhadap hasil servis atas sepak takraw (2) Perbedaan Pengaruh metode pembelajaran servis bola digantung dan dibuang terhadap  servis atas sepak takraw.(3) Mengetahui ada tidaknya interaksi antara koordinasi mata-kaki dengan metode pembelajaran servis atas sepak takraw. Penelitian menggunakan metode eksperimen. Rancangan penelitian dengan Faktorial 2 x 2. populasi penelitian ini adalah seluruh mahasiswa PKO FIK Unimed yang ikut mata kuliah sepak takraw lanjutan sebanyak 112 orang. Sampel sebanyak 72 orang yang diambil dengan teknik purposive sampling. Instrument penelitian menggunakan tes koordinasi mata-kaki dan tes servis. Teknik analisis data menggunakan analisis statistik sedangkan perhitungannya menggunakan uji perbedaan dengan Anova eksperimen Faktorial 2 x 2 pada taraf signifikan 5%. untuk memenuhi asumsi hasil penelitian dilakukan uji reliabilitas dan uji prasarat analisis. Hasil penelitian meninjukkan (1). Terdapat perbedaan pengaruh koordinasi mata-kaki tinggi dan koordinasi mata-kaki rendah terhadap kemampuan servis atas sepak takraw –p 0,000 < α 0,05, (2). Terdapat perbedaan pengaruh antara bola digantung dengan bola dibuang terhadap kemampuan servis atas sepak takraw. –p 0,006 < α 0,05, dan, (3). Terdapat Interaksi antara koordinasi mata-kaki dengan kemampuan servis atas sepak takraw. –p 0,009 < 0,056. Nilai adjustd R Square sebesar 0,080 artinya bahwa terdapat interaksi sebesar 8%.
ANALISIS GERAK ROUND OFF SEBAGAI RANGKAIAN GERAK SENAM LANTAI PADA ATLET PUTRA PERSANI MEDAN
Authors: Yazid Lubis Hafiz , Heri Zulfan
Published: May 2019

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kebenaran gerak round off dimulai dari posisi awal, pelaksanaan serta sikap akhir pada atlet Senam Persani Kota Medan. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada tahun 2018 di Gedung Senam Prof. Drs. Jepta Hutabarat. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah atlet Persani Kota Medan yang berjumlah 33 orang. Sampel penelitian berjumlah 5 orang yang diambil dengan teknik purposive sampling. Penelitian ini menggunakan aplikasi Kinovea sebagai pengambilan data dengan membandingkan atlet sampel dengan atlet, prestasi nasional dan penilaian ahli. Hasil penelitian diperoleh yaitu pada posisi awalan lebar antara kedua tangan diperoleh kategori BS = 20%, B = 20%, K = 40% dan KS = 20%. Posisi kecondongan pinggang diperoleh BS = 40%, B = 40%, dan K = 20%. Posisi tekukan lutut kiri diperoleh BS = 60%, B = 20% dan K = 20%. Posisi lebar antara kedua kaki diperoleh BS = 40%, B= 40% dan K = 20%. Posisi tekukan pinggang diperoleh BS = 60%, B = 20% dan K = 20%. Posisi jarak antara kaki kiri dan tangan kiri diperoleh B = 40%, K = 20% dan KS = 40%. Keberhasilan pada posisi pelaksanaan round off yaitu pada posisi pelaksaan pertama tekukan tangan kiri diperoleh BS = 20%, B = 20%, dan K = 60%. Posisi lebar lengan kanan diperoleh BS = 60%, B = 20%, dan K = 20%. Posisi lebar kedua kaki diperoleh BS = 20%, B = 40%, K = 20% dan KS = 20%. Posisi tekukan pinggang saat melayang diperoleh BS = 20%, B = 40% dan KS = 40%. Keberhasilan pada posisi sikap akhir round off yaitu pada posisi sikap akhir pertama tekukan kedua lutut saat mendarat diperoleh BS = 40%, B = 40% dan K = 20%. Posisi badan saat mendarat diperoleh BS = 20%, B= 20%, K = 40% dan KS = 20%.
PERBEDAAN PENINGKATAN KEMAMPUAN BERPIKIR KREATIF SISWA YANG DIAJAR DENGAN PEMBELAJARAN OPEN ENDED DAN PBL DI SMA NEGERI 2 KISARAN
Authors: Togatorup Jenny Vera , Rajagukguk Wamington
Published: May 2019

ABSTRAKTujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui apakah peningkatan kemampuan berpikir kreatif siswa yang diajar dengan pembelajaran Open Ended lebih tinggi dari peningkatan kemampuan berpikir kreatif siswa yang diajar dengan pembelajaran Berbasis Masalah di SMA Negeri 2 Kisaran dan untuk mendeskripsikan proses hasil jawaban siswa. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kuasi ekperimen. Populasi dari penelitian adalah seluruh siswa kelas XII SMA Negeri 2 Kisaran .Sampel dari penelitian ini adalah kelas XII-IPA-1 sebagai kelas eksperimen I yang diajar dengan pembelajaran Open Ended (35 siswa) dan XII-IPA-3 sebagai kelas eksperimen II yang diajar dengan pembelajaran Berbasis Masalah (35 siswa). Desain penelitian ini adalah mengunakan desain pretest-posttest. Instrument penelitian ini menggunakan test kemampuan berpikir kreatif siswa. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah peningkatan kemampuan berpikir kreatif siswa yang diajar dengan pembelajaran Open Ended lebih tinggi dari peningkatan kemampuan berpikir kreatif siswa yang diajar dengan pembelajaran Berbasis Masalah dengan perbedaan rata-rata 6,1428 dan peningkatan indikator paling tinggi pada pembelajaran Open Ended pada indikator kelancaran dan yang paling rendah elaborasi sedangkan indikator peningkatan paling tinggi pada pembelajaran Berbasis Masalah adalah kelancaran dan yang paling rendah adalah orisinalitas.Kata kunci : Peningkatan Kemampuan Berpikir Kreatif Siswa, Pembelajaran Open-Ended, Pembelajaran Berbasis Masalah  ABSTRACTThe aim of this research is to study if the increase ability student’s creative thinking that implement Open Ended Learning higher than implement Problem Based Learning and to describe the proses of student’s answer.This research is quasi experiment research.The population of this research is all student in class XII SMA Negeri 2 Kisaran. The sample of this research consists of two class, namely, XII-IPA-1 as the first experiment class taught using Open Ended Learning (35 pupils), XII-IPA-3 as the second experiment class taught using Problem Based Learning (35 pupils).This research  Design of this research was two-group pretest-posttest design. Ability of student’s creative thinking was measured by using test of ability student’s creative thinking . The result of this study showed that the increase ability that implement Open Ended Learning 6,1428  higher than implement Problem Based Learning and the highest increase indicator in class taught using Open Ended Learning was fluency and the the lowest was elaboration while highest increase indicator in class taught using Problem Based Learning was fluency and the lowest is original. Keywords : Increase Ability Student’s Creative Thinking , Open-Ended Learning, Problem Based Learning
HUBUNGAN KESEIMBANGAN ASUPAN GIZI DAN AKTIVITAS FISIK DENGAN KONDISI FISIK ANAK SD DI KECAMATAN KOTANOPAN
Authors: Mutiara Dr. Erli , M.Si Dra. Adikahriani , Yanti Elvi Novi
Published: May 2019

ABSTRAK: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk: (1) Menganalisis hubungan keseimbangan asupan gizi dengan kondisi fisik anak. (2) Menganalisis hubungan aktivitas fisik dengan kondisi fisik anak. (3) Menganalisis hubungan keseimbangan asupan gizi dan aktivitas fisik dengan kondisi fisik anak. Lokasi penelitian di SDN 190, SDN 193 dan SDN 200 Kecamatan Kotanopan. Pengambilan sampel dengan teknik random sampling. Jumlah sampel 70 siswa. Teknik pengumpulan data dengan wawancara menggunakan kuesioner. Data keseimbangan asupan gizi diperoleh dengan recall konsumsi 2x24 jam, data kondisi fisik diperoleh dari hasil penimbangan berat badan dan data aktivitas fisik diperoleh dengan recall aktivitas 2x24 jam. Analisis data menggunakan statistik deskriptif, uji Korelasi Pearson dan Regresi Linear Berganda.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa. Keseimbangan asupan gizi responden keseluruhannya termasuk kategori kurang. Kondisi fisik responden sebagian besar termasuk kategori normal/baik. Aktivitas fisik sebagian besar termasuk kategori aktivitas ringan. Hasil analisis korelasi Pearson menunjukkan bahwa keseimbangan asupan energi, karbohidrat, vitamin A, vitamin C, fosfor  dan besi berhubungan positif nyata (p<0.05) dengan kondisi fisik, sedangkan kalsium berhubungan positif sangat nyata (p<0.01) dengan kondisi fisik. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa semakin baik asupan zat gizi maka kondisi fisik anak juga akan semakin baik. Hasil uji statistik korelasi Pearson menunjukkan bahwa aktivitas fisik (r = -0.406 ; p = 0.000) berhubungan negatif sangat nyata dengan kondisi fisik. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa peningkatan aktivitas fisik akan diikuti penurunan kondisi fisik. Hasil analisis regresi linier berganda menunjukkan bahwa nilai fhitung = 2.521 > ftabel = 2.00 atau p-value = 0.013 < α = 0.05. Hal ini berarti keseimbangan asupan gizi dan aktivitas fisik secara simultan berhubungan signifikan dengan kondisi fisik anak. Kata kunci : Keseimbangan, asupan gizi, aktivitas fisik, kondisi fisik
PENERAPAN UJI STATISTIK MODEL LOG-LINEAR DALAM MENGANALISIS KARAKTERISTIK MAHASISWA UNIVERSITAS TERBUKA UPBJJ MEDAN
Authors: Pakpahan Sondang Purnama Sari
Published: May 2019

Abstrak : Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk: mengetahui dimensi karakteristik mahasiswa Universitas Terbuka UPBJJ Medan, mengetahui dimensi karakteristik mahasiswa UT UPBJJ Medan yang cenderung menimbulkan dependensi, dan menentukan model matematika yang sesuai untuk dependensi multivariable.Rancangan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah Model Log Linear. Alasannya adalah karena data penelitian ini berupa data kategorikal yang bersifat diskrit, sehingga dapat dilakukan uji independensi antar variabel, untuk menemukan besarnya interaksi yang menyebabkan variabel tersebut dependen.Dengan analisis log linear dihasilkan model, yaitu terdapat hubungan dan interaksi antara jenis kelamin, cara belajar, IPK, antara cara belajar dan IPK, antara pendidikan terakhir dan alasan masuk UT, antara pendidikan terakhir dan IPK, antara status pernikahan dan IPK, antara tempat tinggal dan IPK, antara tempat tinggal dan keikutsertaan dalam tutorial tatap muka, antara tempat tinggal dan keikutsertaan dalam tutorial on-line dan IPK.Kata Kunci: Karakteristik mahasiswa, Model Log Linear, mahasiswa UT