bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Questioning the Meaningfulness of Rigour in Community-Based Research: Navigating a Dilemma
Authors: Kingsley Bethan C. , Chapman Sherry Ann
Published: July 2017

As community-based research (CBR) continues to emerge, CBR practitioners are beginning to ask, “How do we know if we are doing CBR well?” For some, this question may bring to mind the concept of rigour. Yet, how meaningful is rigour among diverse CBR partners from community, government, and academia? Using an exploratory approach, we engaged in dialogue a group of seven CBR practitioners from diverse contexts and asked the question, “Is rigour a meaningful concept in CBR?” We used interpretive description to analyse the interview and guide the application of findings in CBR practice. The findings are presented as three themes: Obligation, Representation, and Turn to Action. Participants expressed a sense of obligation to meet often competing expectations to do CBR well. The fulfillment of one obligation sometimes meant compromising another, thus presenting a dilemma to CBR practitioners. Representation outlines participants' beliefs that some obligations can be met through the analysis, interpretation, and carefully contextualized presentation of research findings on behalf of CBR partnerships. In Turn to Action, participants described their desire to participate in the co-construction of understanding and identified a need to conceptualize the meaning of doing CBR well. We recommend that practitioners of CBR continue to form communities of practice in which to engage in dialogue about rigour; together, we can navigate the identified dilemma and collaboratively construct what it means to do CBR well. Specifically, we recommend that communities of CBR practice strive to: (a) be transparent during CBR collaboration, (b) be in dialogue with other CBR practitioners, and (c) co-construct the meaning of doing CBR well.
Challenges of Learning to Write Qualitative Research: Students' Voices
Authors: Wang Fei
Published: July 2017

Writing qualitative research is a complex activity. Yet there is relatively little research about novices' experiences in learning to write this genre. The purpose of this multiple case study is to explore the challenges students face when they first encounter the qualitative research paradigm. Drawing upon interviews with students, think-aloud protocols, class observations, and students' written artifacts, this article reveals that major problems new students have include: understanding the qualitative research paradigm, especially the concepts of validity and subjectivity, determining how to carry out a systematic data analysis, becoming familiar with genre knowledge of presenting qualitative findings, and meanwhile, expanding their disciplinary knowledge. Pedagogical implications are also discussed to help student researchers learn better.
Hermeneutics and Human Interplay: A Clinical Caring Science Research Method
Authors: Lindberg Susan , von Post Iréne , Eriksson Katie
Published: July 2017

The aim of this article was to explore, exemplify, and discuss how a participatory hermeneutic method designed for children with special needs can be developed in a caring context. Examples from a clinical study are presented to illustrate how play, as both a methodological concept in hermeneutics and the substance of caring, was applied in research by means of the perioperative dialogue. In participatory research, an ethical approach based on subtle human interplay can be triggered by means of dialogue with parents. Thus, truth can emerge via continuity of care, while the substance of caring can be directed toward the child. Such a clinical method is worth adding to the child research repertoire.
Self-harm in adolescence
Authors: Paes Anna
Published: July 2017

Self-harm in adolescents is not only an important public health concern but also a prevalent maladaptive behaviour. The behaviour is poorly understood, and these young people still face stigma within our health service, as well as in society. To date, their management has been inadequate, due to some unhelpful attitudes, patchy provision of services and lack of training. This article aims to increase awareness and understanding of why adolescents self-harm, the importance of risk assessment, and how to provide appropriate support and care in general practice.
Smoking cessation
Authors: Datla Sushma , Jones Daniel
Published: July 2017

Smoking is the primary cause of preventable illness and premature death, making this a public health priority. Approximately 70% of smokers have their first cigarette of the day within an hour of waking, with 18% smoking within the first 5 minutes. Targeted interventions to facilitate cessation in this population have been implemented in legislation and in healthcare policies and guidelines. GPs have a crucial role to play in promoting health and preventing disease. During a consultation, there are excellent opportunities to discuss healthy lifestyles with the patient. More important than the GP's role is that of the patient through self-care. To put patients at the centre of their care, GPs need to possess appropriate skills. These include: supporting people; taking them through a range of approaches in partnership; and recognizing that the individual should make the decisions and take the actions themselves.
Self-directed learning at the point of care
Authors: Walsh Kieran
Published: July 2017

Self-directed learning ‘is a process in which individuals take the initiative, with or without the help of others, in diagnosing their learning needs, formulating goals, identifying human and material resources for learning, choosing and implementing appropriate learning strategies, and evaluating learning outcomes’. The purpose of this article is to explain why self-directed learning is important; to outline the important steps in self-directed learning; to summarise the evidence for self-directed learning; and to suggest criteria to help you choose appropriate tools that will help with self-directed learning at the point of care.
Gastro-oesophageal reflux in infants
Authors: Pettinger Katherine J.
Published: July 2017

Gastro-oesophageal reflux (GOR) is a common problem in infancy; it often leads to parents seeking advice from their GP. It can range from asymptomatic regurgitation to full gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GORD), where the reflux is repeated and severe, thus causing harm. The wide range of differing opinions on correct management from medical professionals and the general public can be problematic. The aim of this article is to provide an overview of the diagnosis and management of GOR and GORD. This article will focus on GOR in children under 1 year of age, the age group most commonly affected.
Ebola
Authors: Aftab Rabia
Published: July 2017

Ebola virus disease is responsible for a very high case fatality rate of around 50–90%; it presents as a severe, rapidly developing illness. Several outbreaks of Ebola virus disease have occurred in Central and recently West Africa. Infection is transmitted to humans from animals and spreads within the human population through direct contact with infected blood or bodily fluids. No curative treatment is yet available, but early supportive care with rehydration and symptomatic management improves the chance of survival. Community engagement is needed to control outbreaks. Control of outbreaks requires a package of interventions including case management, surveillance and contact tracing with a good laboratory service, safe burials and social mobilisation. An Ebola vaccination may become available in the near future. The very high case fatality rate and recent major outbreaks require GPs to be aware of the presentation and management of suspected Ebola virus disease.
Building a Casemix Information System in Hospitals: Challenges for the Medical Record Service
Authors: Reid Beth , Callen Joanne , Deane Jenny , Donoghue Mary , Entwistle Robyn , Favelle Helen , McDonald Judith , Westbrook Johanna
Published: July 2017

Medical record professionals, working in close collaboration with colleagues in a Consortium of teaching hospitals and the University of New South Wales, are making a major contribution to the development of casemix information systems in these hospitals. This paper describes the projects underway and the methods being used to share knowledge and experiences within the Consortium. An overview of the project is followed by a discussion of the specific medical record aspects of quality of coding and the medical record, and development of casemix reports. Other issues discussed include the education programs needed to support the project and the impact on the medical record service of concurrent changes in the organisational structure of some of the hospitals. (AMRJ, 1991, 21(2), 44–52).
Documentation for Measuring Stroke Rehabilitation Outcomes
Authors: Shah Surya , Cooper Betty
Published: July 2017

Stroke is the third commonest cause of hospital admission in Australia. Approximately 71% of patients with an acute stroke are likely to be admitted to public and private hospitals. With no advanced clinical information system in place in Australia, it is difficult to determine who is likely to benefit, what type of inpatient care is efficient and effective in providing maximum potential to the stroke patients. This paper highlights some of the problems encountered with the current medical records, in conducting a prospective, multi-institutional, population based stroke rehabilitation outcome study in Brisbane. The paper also discusses how these deficiencies affect health professionals such as occupational therapists, and how one can work with the medical record administrators of today as key resource people in health information management. To illustrate this, a pro forma rectifying some of the current deficiencies in the medical records is provided as a guide. (AMRJ, 1991, 21(3), 88–95).
A Paediatric Discharge Letter: The Views of General Practitioners
Authors: Dawson Kenneth , Capaldi Nadine
Published: July 2017

Objective:

To study the views of General Practitioners on the use of shortened, structured and handwritten discharge letters from a Paediatric Unit.

Design:

A structured questionnaire sent to a 20% sample of the General Practitioners who regularly refer patients to Westmead Hospital.

Setting:

A tertiary level Teaching Hospital and General Practice.

Main outcome measures:

Quantified responses to structured questionnaire.

Results:

Overall satisfaction exists with the structured handwritten letter; the majority of General Practitioners favoured supplying the parents with a copy of the discharge summary.

Conclusion:

Structured hand written notes are acceptable if care is taken with their processing.
Administrative social science data: The challenge of reproducible research
Authors: Playford Christopher J , Gayle Vernon , Connelly Roxanne , Gray Alasdair JG
Published: July 2017

Powerful new social science data resources are emerging. One particularly important source is administrative data, which were originally collected for organisational purposes but often contain information that is suitable for social science research. In this paper we outline the concept of reproducible research in relation to micro-level administrative social science data. Our central claim is that a planned and organised workflow is essential for high quality research using micro-level administrative social science data. We argue that it is essential for researchers to share research code, because code sharing enables the elements of reproducible research. First, it enables results to be duplicated and therefore allows the accuracy and validity of analyses to be evaluated. Second, it facilitates further tests of the robustness of the original piece of research. Drawing on insights from computer science and other disciplines that have been engaged in e-Research we discuss and advocate the use of Git repositories to provide a useable and effective solution to research code sharing and rendering social science research using micro-level administrative data reproducible.
Industrial Nursing: A Career and a Challenge
Authors: Stirling John
Published: July 2017

What results can an industrial nurse reasonably expect from improving herself along the line of integrity; the scientific method; the ability to think, to plan, to organize, to communicate, and to influence people; and perseverance in these efforts?
“Let Me Speak to the Manager”
Authors: Thomas John D.
Published: July 2017

A good employee health service is not only a symbol of management's good will towards its employees, but it is good business as well, paying a high percent return on a company's investment.
Mental Health
Authors: Schwartz Donald A.
Published: July 2017

There is an increasing responsibility on the health professions in the local communities. In previous years they did not need to know much about mental health services, since these were not available. Now, since the focus of these services is moving gradually back to the mainstream of other health care, all professional personnel will need to become increasingly familiar with the specialized services, and the part they play in promoting mental health care for their clientele.
Attitude Change in an Industrial Hearing Conservation Program: Comparative Effects of Directives, Educational Presentations and Individual Explanations as Persuasive Communications
Authors: Esler Anne
Published: July 2017

Attitude change was studied in an Industrial Hearing Conservation Program. Persuasive communications were presented to a group of 117 bottling workers in a Brewery in the Midwest. These took the form of management directives, educational presentations and individual audiometric testing. All workers were observed for a period of two weeks following the audiometric test and those wearing hearing protection, both before and after the test were compared to those not wearing protection, on the basis of age, years of experience and degree of impairment. The individual persuasive communication in the setting of the test was found to be a significant factor in increasing compliance behavior to the rule making hearing protection mandatory in the workplace.
Family Adjustment When the Breadwinner is Burned
Authors: Simmons Donna
Published: July 2017

Special consideration must be given to financial, legal and social welfare aspects of families where the breadwinner is burned. Some approaches to nursing assessment and intervention with families facing economic stress in addition to predictable emotional demands occurring with severe burns are elaborated through case illustration.
Historical Perspectives of Nursing's Professionalism
Authors: Crowder Eleanor L.M.
Published: July 2017

The issue of nursing's professionalism is one that has concerned nurses and others for a considerable period of time. With the current furor concerning entry into practice the concern is not likely to abate.

In this paper the author explores reasons for examining the past and J.H. Plumb's uses of the past. Historical evidence regarding nurses concerns about professionalism is discussed. The lack of congruence about a definition of professionalism is presented by showing eleven different definitions in chart form, given by professionals from different disciplines. Elements of professionalism, considered by the author to be central to the issue, are explored in historical context. By weaving those elements into the social fabric, nursing's progress toward professional status will be demonstrated.
Frat Daddies and Sorostitutes
Authors: Thompson Bailey A. , Ortiz Rebecca R.
Published: July 2017

College students in social Greek organizations are at greater risk of sexual assault than other college students. The present study examined how readership of the online news site TotalFratMove.com (TFM), through a survey questionnaire, which often includes coverage of stereotypical fraternity culture, may impact rape myth acceptance. Results revealed that the more frequently Greeks read TFM, the more likely they were to be accepting of rape myths when also taking into account the strength of their Greek social identity. Challenging stereotypes of the “frat daddy” and “sorostitite” may indirectly challenge behaviors and attitudes associated with rape myth acceptance otherwise perpetuated by Greek culture. Public Health Significance Statement: This study suggests that the more frequently Greek-affiliated college students read the popular website TFM, the more likely they were to have rape myth supportive attitudes when they also felt like being Greek was an integral part of their identity.
Endogenous Dynamics in Contentious Fields: Evidence from the Shareholder Activism Network, 2006–2013
Authors: Benton Richard A. , You Jihae
Published: July 2017

Shareholder activism is a contentious field where investors confront management over governance and social responsibility matters. Most prior research on shareholder activism focuses on firm traits, such as performance, that explain targeting. We argue that shareholder activism also reflects endogenous dynamics. Although activists target firms because of their characteristics, activists also choose targets based on their position in the relational field. We develop a network approach to mapping contentious fields: Shareholder activism is a social network whose topology reflects self-organizing patterns. We hypothesize four network effects thought to contribute to the observed structure: prolificacy, ignominy, differentiation, and homophily. We use data on shareholder-sponsored proposals targeting Fortune 250 firms between 2006 and 2013. Results from exponential random graph models support our hypothesized effects and suggest that activism sponsorship and targeting follow an endogenous cumulative process. We argue that these self-organization processes help explain the structure of the shareholder activism network.
Multiple Dimensions of Peer Effects and Deviance: The Case of Prescription Drug Misuse among Young Adults
Authors: Kelly Brian C. , Vuolo Mike , Marin Alexandra C.
Published: July 2017

Sociological research has demonstrated that peers play a role in patterns of deviance. Yet, examinations of competing mechanisms in continued patterns of deviance are less well developed. We simultaneously examine multiple peer mechanisms of action on prescription drug misuse. Results identify drug sources, peer group norms, and a desire to enhance social experiences as important factors in the frequency of misuse, non-oral administration, and dependence, whereas peer pressure had no effect net of other peer factors. The results emphasize the importance of considering multiple peer mechanisms in shaping deviance, and as such, future scholarly examinations should focus on multiple dimensions of peer effects to fully understand patterns of continuing deviance.
The advantage of channeling nucleotides for very processive functions
Authors: Zala Diana , Schlattner Uwe , Desvignes Thomas , Bobe Julien , Roux Aurélien , Chavrier Philippe , Boissan Mathieu
Published: July 2017

Nucleoside triphosphate (NTP)s, like ATP (adenosine 5’-triphosphate) and GTP (guanosine 5’-triphosphate), have long been considered sufficiently concentrated and diffusible to fuel all cellular ATPases (adenosine triphosphatases) and GTPases (guanosine triphosphatases) in an energetically healthy cell without becoming limiting for function. However, increasing evidence for the importance of local ATP and GTP pools, synthesised in close proximity to ATP- or GTP-consuming reactions, has fundamentally challenged our view of energy metabolism. It has become evident that cellular energy metabolism occurs in many specialised ‘microcompartments’, where energy in the form of NTPs is transferred preferentially from NTP-generating modules directly to NTP-consuming modules. Such energy channeling occurs when diffusion through the cytosol is limited, where these modules are physically close and, in particular, if the NTP-consuming reaction has a very high turnover,i.e. is very processive. Here, we summarise the evidence for these conclusions and describe new insights into the physiological importance and molecular mechanisms of energy channeling gained from recent studies. In particular, we describe the role of glycolytic enzymes for axonal vesicle transport and nucleoside diphosphate kinases for the functions of dynamins and dynamin-related GTPases.
Pathogenic helminths in the past: Much ado about nothing
Authors: Mulder Christian
Published: July 2017

Despite a long tradition on the extent to which Romanisation has improved human health, some recent studies suggest that Romanisation in general, and Roman sanitation in particular, may not have made people any healthier, given that in Roman times gastrointestinal parasites were apparently widespread, whilst in the present day such parasites rarely cause diseases. Unfortunately, this novel claim neglects the empirical evidence that worldwide infections in over 1.5 billion people are caused by ubiquitous foodborne nematodes. Therefore, many may wonder if fossil remains of soil-transmitted helminths have been reported in ancient sanitation infrastructures. Beneficial access to improved sanitation should always be prioritized, hence how can historical sanitation efforts have ever been harmful? In this short article, a strong plea for caution is given, asking for an augmented nematological record and showing that there is not any evidence against Roman sanitation, neither in the past nor in the present.
Case Report: An incidentaloma that catches your eye - adrenal myelolipoma
Authors: D'Addosio Rosanna , Rojas Joselyn , Bermúdez Valmore , Ledesma Flor , Hoedebecke Kyle
Published: July 2017

Background: Adrenal incidentaloma refers to the incidental finding of a tumor in the adrenal gland, where nonfunctional forms are the most common variant. Myelolipoma is a rare (0.08-0.4%) occurrence characterized by adipose and hematopoietic tissue. The aim of this case report is to describe the diagnosis and appropriate management of a myelolipoma in an asymptomatic patient, which was originally considered an incidental hepatic hemangioma prior to being identified as a giant adrenal adenoma.

Case description: The patient was a 54 year old obese female with a recent diagnosis of diabetes type II and dyslipidemia with recent ultrasound imaging suggestive of a hepatic hemangioma. An MRI was performed revealing a 7x6cm lesion in the right adrenal area indicating a giant adrenal adenoma. An adrenalectomy was performed without complications. The pathology report identified a myelolipoma.

Discussion: The incidence of myelolipoma has recently increased due to advances in radiological techniques. Its etiology is unclear and the most accepted theories support a myeloid cell metaplasia in the embryonic stage as a result of stress, infections, or adrenocorticotropic hormone or erythropoietin stimulus. Contributing components may include bone morphogenetic protein 2 and β-catenin, as well as the presence of the chromosomal translocation (3, 21) (q25; p11). Despite its benign nature, the association with other adrenal lipomas must be ruled out. A biochemical evaluation is essential for detecting subclinical states, such as Cushing syndrome and pheochromocytoma.

Conclusion: Adrenal myelolipomas are rare benign tumors that are generally asymptomatic. Uncertainty still exists surrounding their etiology. Surgical management depends on hormone production, tumor size, high risk features on imaging and patient consent.  Additional information is needed to better understand myelolipomas, their etiology, and clinical management.  Incidentalomas may confuse the physician and patient. Ensuring proper multidisciplinary management based on the clinical guidelines of endocrinology allowed a satisfactory resolution of this case.
CNS cell-type localization and LPS response of TLR signaling pathways
Authors: McCarthy Gizelle M. , Bridges Courtney R. , Blednov Yuri A. , Harris R. Adron
Published: July 2017

Background: Innate immune signaling in the brain has emerged as a contributor to many central nervous system (CNS) pathologies, including mood disorders, neurodegenerative disorders, neurodevelopmental disorders, and addiction. Toll-like receptors (TLRs), a key component of the innate immune response, are particularly implicated in neuroimmune dysfunction. However, most of our understanding about TLR signaling comes from the peripheral immune response, and it is becoming clear that the CNS immune response is unique. One controversial aspect of neuroimmune signaling is which CNS cell types are involved. While microglia are the CNS cell-type derived from a myeloid lineage, studies suggest that other glial cell types and even neurons express TLRs, although this idea is controversial. Furthermore, recent work suggests a discrepancy between RNA and protein expression within the CNS.

Methods: To elucidate the CNS cell-type localization of TLRs and their downstream signaling molecules, we isolated microglia and astrocytes from the brain of adult mice treated with saline or the TLR4 ligand lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Glial mRNA and protein expression was compared to a cellular-admixture to determine cell-type enrichment.

Results: Enrichment analysis revealed that most of the TLR pathway genes are localized in microglia and changed in microglia following immune challenge. However, expression of Tlr3 was enriched in astrocytes, where it increased in response to LPS. Furthermore, attempts to determine protein cell-type localization revealed that many antibodies are non-specific and that antibody differences are contributing to conflicting localization results.

Conclusions: Together these results highlight the cell types that should be looked at when studying TLR signaling gene expression and suggest that non-antibody approaches need to be used to accurately evaluate protein expression.
The Innovation Den: Enabling the health visiting workforce to share projects and ideas
Authors: McHugh Leanne
Published: July 2017

Leanne McHugh describes a project to give staff the opportunity to discuss and disseminate innovative service improvement projects among colleagues.
Managing childhood ailments: Measles
Authors: Tinsley Elizabeth
Published: July 2017

Measles is a highly infectious viral illness that can be very unpleasant and sometimes leads to serious complications. Anyone can get measles if they have not been vaccinated or they have not had it before, although it is most common in young children. The infection usually clears in around 7–10 days. This article provides some tips on managing symptoms and treatments for measles in children.
Right Here Right Now (RHRN) pilot study: testing a method of near-real-time data collection on the social determinants of health
Authors: Naven Lynn , Inglis Greig , Harris Rachel , Fergie Gillian , Teal Gemma , Phipps Rebecca , Stewart Sally , Kelly Lorna , Hilton Shona , Smith Madeline , McCartney Gerry , Walsh David , Tolan Matthew , Egan James
Published: July 2017

Background

Informing policy and practice with up-to-date evidence on the social determinants of health is an ongoing challenge. One limitation of traditional approaches is the time-lag between identification of a policy or practice need and availability of results. The Right Here Right Now (RHRN) study piloted a near-real-time data-collection process to investigate whether this gap could be bridged.

Methods

A website was developed to facilitate the issue of questions, data capture and presentation of findings. Respondents were recruited using two distinct methods – a clustered random probability sample, and a quota sample from street stalls. Weekly four-part questions were issued by email, Short Messaging Service (SMS or text) or post. Quantitative data were descriptively summarised, qualitative data thematically analysed, and a summary report circulated two weeks after each question was issued. The pilot spanned 26 weeks.

Results

It proved possible to recruit and retain a panel of respondents providing quantitative and qualitative data on a range of issues. The samples were subject to similar recruitment and response biases as more traditional data-collection approaches. Participants valued the potential to influence change, and stakeholders were enthusiastic about the findings generated, despite reservations about the lack of sample representativeness. Stakeholders acknowledged that decision-making processes are not flexible enough to respond to weekly evidence.

Conclusion

RHRN produced a process for collecting near-real-time data for policy-relevant topics, although obtaining and maintaining representative samples was problematic. Adaptations were identified to inform a more sustainable model of near-real-time data collection and dissemination in the future.
Guía de práctica clínica para la detección temprana, el diagnóstico, el tratamiento y el seguimiento de los defectos refractivos en menores de 18 años
Authors: Sanchez Vanegas Guillermo , Buitrago García Diana Carolina , Moreno Carlos , Segura María Margarita , Fernández Jaramillo Juliana , Solano Franco Adriana Andrea , Mayorga Corredor Myriam Teresa , González Luz Esperanza , Giraldo Olga Lucía , Jácome Álvaro , Rodríguez Hernández Andrea Esperanza , Castro Carlos Alberto , Sánchez Ada María , Lamus Ana Milena , Fuentes Wilson Enrique , Medina Roger David , Godoy Casabuenas Natalia , Angulo Sara
Published: July 2017

Objetivo: generar recomendaciones para la prevención, detección temprana, diagnóstico, tratamiento y seguimiento de defectos refractivos en menores de 18 años, con el fin de apoyar al personal de salud responsable de la atención a estos pacientes en los diferentes servicios.

Materiales y métodos: Un grupo interdisciplinario de profesionales y representantes de pacientes definieron el alcance, objetivos, preguntas y desenlaces de la guía. Se realizó una búsqueda de literatura de revisiones sistemáticas, metaanálisis, ensayos clínicos, estudios de cohorte, estudios de casos y controles en las bases de datos MEDLINE, EMBASE y CENTRAL publicados hasta el 2014. Se evaluó la calidad metodológica de los artículos seleccionados. Posteriormente se elaboraron las tablas de evidencia por medio del software GRADEpro® 3.6 y se generaron las recomendaciones bajo la metodología GRADE.

Resultados:

Se formularon recomendaciones para la detección temprana, diagnóstico,

tratamiento y seguimiento de los defectos refractivos en menores de 18 años. Adicionalmente

se presentan varias preguntas generales de contexto que no generan recomendaciones.
Guía de práctica clínica para la prevención, la detección temprana, el diagnostico, el tratamiento y el seguimiento de la ambliopía en menores de 18 años
Authors: Sanchez Vanegas Guillermo , Buitrago García Diana Carolina , Buitrago García Diana Carolina , Moreno Carlos , Segura María Margarita , Fernández Jaramillo Juliana , Solano Franco Adriana Andrea , Mayorga Corredor Myriam Teresa , González Luz Esperanza , Giraldo Olga Lucía , Jácome Álvaro , Rodríguez Hernández Andrea Esperanza , Castro Carlos Alberto , Sánchez Ada María , Lamus Ana Milena , Fuentes Wilson Enrique , Medina Roger David , Godoy Casabuenas Natalia , Angulo Sara
Published: July 2017

Objetivo: Generar recomendaciones para la prevención, detección temprana, diagnóstico, tratamiento y seguimiento de la ambliopía en menores de 18 años con el fin de apoyar al personal de salud en los diferentes servicios encargados de la atención.

 

Materiales y métodos: Se conformó un grupo interdisciplinario para desarrollar la guía. Se definieron alcance, objetivos, preguntas y desenlaces de la guía. Se realizó una búsqueda de guías sobre manejo de Ambliopía, las guías encontradas fueron calificadas con el Instrumento AGREE II. La Guía de Práctica Clínica (GPC) de Ambliopía de la Asociación Americana de Oftalmología AAO del año 2012 (1) cumplió con los requisitos para realizar adopción del conjunto de evidencia y adaptación de recomendaciones. Con el fin de actualizar la citada guía, se realizó una búsqueda de literatura de revisiones sistemáticas, ensayos clínicos, estudios de cohorte, estudios de casos y controles en las bases de datos MEDLINE, EMBASE y  CENTRAL publicados desde un año antes de la fecha de búsquedas realizadas por la Guía de la AAO.  Se evaluó la calidad metodológica de los artículos seleccionados. Se elaboraron las tablas de evidencia por medio del software GRADEpro® 3.6 y se generaron las recomendaciones bajo la metodología GRADE.

Resultados: Se formularon recomendaciones para la prevención, detección temprana, diagnóstico, tratamiento y seguimiento de la ambliopía en menores de 18 años. Adicionalmente se presentan varias preguntas generales que sirven al lector para contextualizarse  en el tema de la GPC pero que no generan recomendaciones.
𝔸-curves on log smooth varieties
Authors: Chen Qile , Zhu Yi
Published: July 2017

In this paper, we study

𝔸
1

{\mathbb{A}^{1}}

-connected varieties from log geometry point of view, and prove a criterion for

𝔸
1

{\mathbb{A}^{1}}

-connectedness. As applications, we provide many interesting examples of

𝔸
1

{\mathbb{A}^{1}}

-connected varieties in the case of complements of ample divisors, and the case of homogeneous spaces. We also obtain a logarithmic version of Hartshorne conjecture characterizing projective spaces and affine spaces.
Production of recombinant porin from Y. pseudotuberculosis in a water-soluble form for pseudotuberculosis diagnostics
Authors: Golotin Vasily , Portnyagina Olga , Chopenko Natalia , Kim Natalia , Rasskazov Valery , Novikova Olga
Published: July 2017

OmpF porin from the outer membrane ofYersinia pseudotuberculosiswas cloned into pET-40b(+) plasmid. UsingE. coliRosetta (DE3) strain, MX medium, IPTG concentration of 0.2 mmand post-induction cultivation at 14°C overnight allowed us to obtain a water-soluble form of the recombinant protein (rs-OmpF). Rs-OmpF was shown to have the ordered spatial structure at the levels of secondary and tertiary structure. Rs-OmpF was found to be effective as diagnostic antigen in ELISA for pseudotuberculosis diagnostics.
Medical Image Reliability Verification Using Hash Signatures and Sequential Square Encoding
Authors: Ranjani J. Jennifer , Babu M.
Published: July 2017

Increased growth of information technology in healthcare has led to a situation where the security of patient information is more important and is a critical issue. The aim of the proposed algorithm is to provide a framework to verify the integrity of the medical images. In this paper, the integrity of the medical images is verified by embedding hash signatures using the sequential square embedding technique. This technique is as efficient as the diamond encoding technique but with increased payload capability. The medical image is first divided into the region of interest (ROI) block and the signature block. The hash signatures are determined by dividing the ROI into nonoverlapping blocks. During the data hiding stage, the hash signatures are embedded in randomly chosen pixel pairs in the signature block using the sequential square encoding (SSE) technique. In the experimental results, the data hiding capacity of the proposed SSE technique is verified in terms of peak signal-to-noise ratio. Also, the medical image integrity is substantiated by comparing the L2 norm between computed and extracted hash signatures. Modifications such as contrast enhancement, rotation, scaling, and changing the image information result in increased L2 norm; thus, the integrity of the medical images can be verified. The parameters required for embedding, such as the embedding parameter and the seed for random sequence generation, are encrypted and communicated to the receiving end. Hence, the proposed algorithm provides a secure framework for medical image integrity verification.
Beyond the Myth of the ‘Good Italian’. Recent Trends in the Study of the Italian Occupation of Southeastern Europe during the Second World War
Authors: Fonzi Paolo
Published: July 2017

This article surveys the existing literature on the occupation policy Italy conducted in Southeastern Europe during the Second World War. The whole subject was largely neglected by scholars of contemporary Italian history up to the 1990s, but in the last twenty years a consistent flow of studies has begun to appear. The reasons for the previous disregard of the topic and, now, the growing interest in it are investigated in the first part of this article. The second part focuses on work done in recent years. It evaluates the strengths and weaknesses of this new literature, and maps out a series of a blank spots that should be addressed by future research.
Rethinking the Place of the Second World War in the Contemporary History of Albania
Authors: Kera Gentiana
Published: July 2017

The Second World War in Albania was a central topic of socialist historiography because of the importance laid upon the National Liberation War for the legitimation of the establishment of communist rule in 1944. History writing was a very centralized process, controlled by party institutions responsible for safeguarding the implementation of Marxist‒Leninist principles and party lines. Since the 1990s, the history of the Second World War has been revised in the framework of a general revision of Albanian national history. History writing developed as an open process and now included historians from countries other than Albania, as opposed to the previous state socialist isolation. The extent to which the war history had been distorted and manipulated during socialism has influenced the subsequent process of rewriting that first focused on adjusting the existing narratives. Thus, despite an increasing variety of research topics, the historiography on wartime Albania has remained dominated by political and military history, and by the national master narrative.
Brončani kip čistača strigila iz mora kod otočića Vele Orjule blizu Lošinja
Authors: Cambi Nenad
Published: July 2017

U ovom se članku obrađuje brončani kip mladog atlete nadnaravne veličine pronađen u vodama otočića Vele Orjule kod Lošinja. Članak je objavljen u Katalogu izložbe u Firenci na talijanskom i engleskom jeziku. Kako nije bio tiskan i na hrvatskom, autor je smatrao da bi bilo dobro da sa svojim rezultatima upozna hrvatsku znanstvenu i drugu javnost. Riječ je o helenističkoj kopiji atlete koji čisti svoj strigil nakon nadmetanja (najvjerojatnije u hrvanju) originala iz doba oko 350. g. pr. Kr. Takav zaključak se nameće nakon analize kipa, osobito glave i frizure koja je usporediva s nekoliko portreta iz navedenog doba. Po svoj prilici, i u slučaju mladića iz Orjule riječ je o portretu jednog određenog čovjeka (dakako nepoznata imena) koji je poslužio kao model. Kip je potonuo, najvjerojatnije bačen s broda za oluje, na putu prema nepoznatom odredištu. Moguće su mnoge iskrcajne luke, ali najprihvatljivija je bogataška vila u uvali Verige na Velom Brijunu.
Application of rps16 Intron and trnL-trnF Intergenic Spacer Sequences to Identify Rengas clone Riau
Authors: Roslim Dewi Indriyani , Herman Herman
Published: July 2017

Rengas clone Riau has been identified using morphological characters and molecular technique with a psbA-trnH intergenic spacer, however, this method can only determine its taxonomic status at genus level, namely Gluta sp.  This study reports application two DNA barcodes, i.e. rps16 intron and trnL-trnF intergenic spacer, to identify Rengas clone Riau.  The methods included collection of the leaves from Kajuik Lake, total DNA isolation, electrophoresis, PCR (polymerase chain reaction), gel purification and sequencing.  The rps16 intron size was 659 bp and the trnL-trnF intergenic spacer was 527 bp. The BLASTn analysis showed that sequences of the rps16 intron and the trnL-trnF intergenic spacer of Gluta sp clone Riau had 100% similarity to those of G. renghas deposited in GenBank.  These results were supported by high max score, high total score, query cover = 100%, and E-value = 0.  The dendrograms also showed the closest relationship of Gluta sp clone Riau with G. renghas deposited in GenBank compared to other species of Gluta.  In conclusion, this study succeeded in identifying Rengas clone Riau as Gluta renghas by using sequences of the rps16 intron and the trnL-trnF intergenic spacer. A combination of DNA barcodes could be applied to identify various plants as long as the database for the DNA barcodes is available in public database such as GenBank. 
Indústria cultural e esporte devem se interligar pela publicidade
Authors: Capinussú de Souza José Maurício , Gaspar Perestrello de Menezes Nathalia
Published: July 2017

O presente trabalho objetiva estabelecer um elo entre esporte e indústria
cultural, a partir do instante em que ambos norteiam seus procedimentos.
O assunto será abordado dentro de uma visão moderna e realista, sem mascaramentos e hipocrisia, por princípios de comercialização e lucro, naturalmente obedecendo a princípios éticos e morais. Tendo origem na década de 40 (1947) na Alemanha, a indústria cultural teve no berlinense Theodor Adorno o seu grande apologista. Segundo ele, representa-se o estudo da comunicação sob o enfoque dos efeitos sociais de caráter ideológico dos meios de comunicação, efeitos esses que subordinam a ideologia ao princípio de comercialização da informação. A inﬂuência da indústria cultural, segundo opiniões de intelectuais que se aprofundaram no estudo do problema, pode ser prejudicial para o esporte, exigindo providências capazes de neutralizar este lado negativo, utilizando-se o recurso da publicidade como uma espécie de antídoto, cuja aplicação viria beneﬁciar o esporte. A representação da indústria cultural através da publicidade, desde que bem elaborada e realmente levando mensagens procedentes a qualquer tipo de clientela, vem a ser um considerável avanço para o esporte, levando em conta a evolução de sua prática em conformidade com a aplicação de modernas técnicas dotadas da mais completa cientificidade. É oportuno afirmar que a influência da indústria cultural na produção intelectual dos especialistas em esporte, sejam
técnicos, professores, psicólogos ou sociólogos, veio motivar um maior apuro nos trabalhos escritos por eles, cada um contribuindo com seus conhecimentos nas pesquisas levadas a efeito em benefício do esporte.
Gene Expression Networks in the Murine Pulmonary Myocardium Provide Insight into the Pathobiology of Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: Boutilier Jordan K , Taylor Rhonda L , Mann Tracy , McNamara Elyshia , Hoffman Gary J , Kenny Jacob , Dilley Rodney J , Henry Peter , Morahan Grant , Laing Nigel G , Nowak Kristen J
Published: July 2017

The pulmonary myocardium is a muscular coat surrounding the pulmonary and caval veins. Although its definitive physiological function is unknown, it may have a pathological role as the source of ectopic beats initiating atrial fibrillation. How the pulmonary myocardium gains pacemaker function is not clearly defined, although recent evidence indicates that changed transcriptional gene expression networks are at fault. The gene expression profile of this distinct cell type in situ was examined to investigate underlying molecular events that might contribute to atrial fibrillation. Via systems genetics, a whole-lung transcriptome data set from the BXD recombinant inbred mouse resource was analyzed, uncovering a pulmonary cardiomyocyte gene network of 24 transcripts, coordinately regulated by chromosome 1 and 2 loci. Promoter enrichment analysis and interrogation of publicly available ChIP-seq data suggested that transcription of this gene network may be regulated by the concerted activity of NKX2-5, serum response factor, myocyte enhancer factor 2, and also, at a post-transcriptional level, by RNA binding protein motif 20. Gene ontology terms indicate that this gene network overlaps with molecular markers of the stressed heart. Therefore, we propose that perturbed regulation of this gene network might lead to altered calcium handling, myocyte growth, and contractile force contributing to the aberrant electrophysiological properties observed in atrial fibrillation. We reveal novel molecular interactions and pathways representing possible therapeutic targets for atrial fibrillation. In addition, we highlight the utility of recombinant inbred mouse resources in detecting and characterizing gene expression networks of relatively small populations of cells that have a pathological significance.
Resistance to Dislodgement of REBILDA® Post System to Intraradicular Dentin
Authors: Ross DDS Daphne , Filloy Esna DDS Carlos E. , Ramírez-Barrantes DDS, MSD, PhD Juan Carlos
Published: July 2017

Currently there is controversy in the literature about clinical and adhesive effectiveness with respect to adhesive systems aimed to  root reinforcement. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the Push-Out bond strength between the Rebilda® post system and the intraradicular dentine. Thus, 28 unirradicular teeth were used, cut and standardized in 16 mm. The root segments were submitted to endodontic treatment; and then randomly divided into two groups, Group 1 (n = 14): Rebilda® DC + Futurabond DC; Group 2 (n = 14): RelyX ARC + Adper Scothbond Multipurpose Plus. Ten specimens from each group were submitted  to the Push-Out Test. The remaining 4 specimens from each group were prepared for Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) in order to evaluate the formation of resinous extensions at the post-cement-dentin interface. Group 2 showed better results when compared to Group 1 regarding bond strength and in formation of resinous extensions or tags, but there was no statistically significant difference (p>0.05). It was concluded that the REBILDA® Post System promotes adequate bond strength to intraradicular dentin.
Musikologische Sprachrohre Harald Kaufmann und Ove Nordwall im Dialog mit György Ligeti
Authors: Zimmermann Heidy
Published: July 2017

This article proceeds from the notions that composers need advocates and that in postwar new music, they commented more than ever before on their own work. It deals specifically with György Ligeti and focusses on the years between his flight from Hungary in 1956 and his appointment as a professor in Hamburg in 1973. A detailed examination of sources from the composer’s archive in the Paul Sacher Foundation shows how Harald Kaufmann and Ove Nordwall promoted his music and thinking. Ligeti’s own position reveals a rift between his public success and the deeprooted self-consciousness of an immigrant sensitive to all kinds of discrimination. Nevertheless, Ligeti, with his extraordinary clearness, had considerable influence on musical discourse and succeeded in defining an individual profile. An appendix includes six hitherto unpublished letters from Kaufmann to Ligeti.
Der geborene Melodiker
Authors: Steinitz Richard
Published: July 2017

This article argues that, alongside his modernist credentials, Ligeti was more than any of his avant-garde colleagues an instinctive melodist. I suggest that this underrated aspect of Ligeti’s art was temporally, but only partially, submerged by the innovative techniques of the 1960s, and in Ligeti’s later music became increasingly significant, contributing greatly to the stature, breadth and accessibility of his work overall.
Beobachtungen zum Verhältnis von Klangfarbe, Raum und Zeit bei Ligeti
Authors: Haselböck Lukas
Published: July 2017

The notion of sound (Klang) has been discussed intensely during the last 200 years. Similarly, in the writings of György Ligeti, timbre (Klangfarbe) is one of the crucial terms. The aim of this text is to reconsider the role of timbre and the relationship between timbre, space, and time in Ligeti’s music. With an analysis of Atmosphères and the first movement of the Piano Concerto, the discussion also includes two further important notions: process and threshold.
„nicht tonal und nicht atonal“ Zur Bedeutung der Quinten in Ligetis Etüde Nr. 8 „Fém“
Authors: Polth Michael
Published: July 2017

Ligeti’s claim that his etudes are neither tonal nor atonal can be demonstrated with the functions of the fifths in the etude No. 8 “Fém.” The fifths are integrated into the musical relationships partly in a traditional and partly in a modern manner. Customarily, the interval of a fifth is added to single tones in order to establish tonal spaces and implying fundamentals. A peculiarly modern aspect is the use of fifths as parts of the overtone series.