bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Extraction, Enrichment, and Quantification of Main Antioxidant Aglycones of Flavonoids and Tannins from Melastoma Dodecandrum Lour.: Guided by UPLC-ESI-MS/MS
Authors: Tong Yingpeng , Jiang Yu , Chen Xubo , Li Xiaonan , Wang Ping , Jin Ye , Cheng Kejun
Published: November 2019

The objective of this work was to determine the main antioxidant aglycones of flavonoids and tannins in antioxidant extracts from Melastoma dodecandrum Lour. (MD), based on its extraction and purification process optimization and component identification by UPLC-ESI-MS/MS. Firstly, the ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) process for antioxidants was established by using single factor tests and response surface optimization. Evaluating by DPPH radical scavenging assay, the antioxidant capacity of MD could reach 2742.27 ± 93.86 (μmol Trolox/g) under the optimized conditions including methanol concentration (61%, v/v), extraction time (45 min), liquid-solid ratio (0.46 ml/mg), and extraction temperature (25°C). Then, the antioxidants in the solution were enriched by using macroporous resins. Because of the highest adsorption capacity and desorption ratio, HPD 500 was selected out of 14 macroporous resins for further study based on the static adsorption and desorption tests. The adsorption mechanism of the HPD 500 resin presented that pseudo-first-order kinetics model and Freundlich isotherm model could adequately explain the adsorption process. After the antioxidants were dynamically saturated by HPD 500, the column was eluted with different concentrations of ethanol (0, 25, 50, 75, and 100%, v/v). Among the above five ethanol fractions, 50% ethanol fraction showed the strongest antioxidant activity and more than 95% antioxidants adsorbed in HPD500 could be eluted by 75% ethanol. Guided by analysis results of UPLC-ESI-MS/MS, main antioxidant aglycones of flavonoids and tannins in each ethanol elution fraction were quantitatively detected. Finally, according to the correlation analysis between the antioxidant capacity of each ethanol elution fraction and its content of 10 main flavonoids and phenolic acids, the antioxidant activities of MD could mainly contribute to tannins containing phenolic units such as ellagic acid and/or gallic acid. The results of this work would provide useful information for the production of antioxidants from MD. Thus, the analysis methods could also be a quality control tool for material or products related with MD.
Growth of Zinc Oxide Nanorods with the Thickness of Less than or Equal to 1 μm through Zinc Acetate or Zinc Nitrate for Perovskite Solar Cell Applications
Authors: Bramantyo Albertus , Murakami Kenji , Okuya Masayuki , Udhiarto Arief , Poespawati Nji Raden
Published: November 2019

Arrays of zinc oxide (ZnO) nanorod (NR) were fabricated in a vertical axis direction through the two-step method of seed layer’s deposition and growth of the NR. The seed layer was applied by spin coating with a three-time repetition (n) and rotational speed (v) at 3000 rpm. After the seed layer had grown, ZnO NRs were grown with a growth solution made by combining one zinc source with one hydroxide source. There were two different zinc sources, i.e., zinc acetate dehydrate and zinc nitrate hexahydrate and, for comparison, zinc acetate (ZA) and zinc nitrate (ZN) were each combined with the same hydroxide source, hexamethylenetetramine (HMT). Later, the growth solutions were processed by the chemical bath deposition (CBD) method using a waterbath machine. The CBD method was started at room temperature until it reached the designated temperature at 85°C. At that point, the growth time was calculated from the zero-minute condition. It was found that ZnO NRs had already grown at a thickness of about 100 nm for both ZA and ZN sources. The growth time varied at 15, 60, 90, and 120 minutes after the zero-minute point. By using two separate and independent zinc sources while growing ZnO NRs at various growth periods, several ZnO NRs’ thicknesses were controlled. According to a paper by Lee et al., the lower thickness of ZnO NRs boosted the charge transfer properties of perovskite solar cells (PSCs) because the series resistance between ZnO/perovskite interfaces was lessened. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images were observed to analyze the morphological shape of the ZnO NRs. X-ray diffraction (XRD) profiles were characterized to obtain the data for ZnO NR crystallinity. Full width at half maximum (FWHM) analysis was performed at the (002) ZnO peak to calculate the crystal size of the peak. From the results, the smallest crystallite sizes for ZnO NRs grown from ZA and ZN sources were 10.70 nm and 19.29 nm, respectively, which would be the most suitable condition for PSC application.
Prognostic Value of MicroRNAs in Patients after Myocardial Infarction: A Substudy of PRAGUE-18
Authors: Hromádka M. , Černá V. , Pešta M. , Kučerová A. , Jarkovský J. , Rajdl D. , Rokyta R. , Moťovská Z.
Published: November 2019

Background. The evaluation of the long-term risk of major adverse cardiovascular events and cardiac death in patients after acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is an established clinical process. Laboratory markers may significantly help with the risk stratification of these patients. Our objective was to find the relation of selected microRNAs to the standard markers of AMI and determine if these microRNAs can be used to identify patients at increased risk. Methods. Selected microRNAs (miR-1, miR-133a, and miR-499) were measured in a cohort of 122 patients from the PRAGUE-18 study (ticagrelor vs. prasugrel in AMI treated with primary percutaneous coronary intervention (pPCI)). The cohort was split into two subgroups: 116 patients who did not die (survivors) and 6 patients who died (nonsurvivors) during the 365-day period after AMI. Plasma levels of selected circulating miRNAs were then assessed in combination with high-sensitivity cardiac troponin T (hsTnT) and N-terminal probrain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP). Results. miR-1, miR-133a, and miR-499 correlated positively with NT-proBNP and hsTnT 24 hours after admission and negatively with left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF). Both miR-1 and miR-133a positively correlated with hsTnT at admission. Median relative levels of all selected miRNAs were higher in the subgroup of nonsurvivors (N=6) in comparison with survivors (N=116), but the difference did not reach statistical significance. All patients in the nonsurvivor subgroup had miR-499 and NT-proBNP levels above the cut-off values (891.5 ng/L for NT-proBNP and 0.088 for miR-499), whereas in the survivor subgroup, only 28.4% of patients were above the cut-off values (p=0.001). Conclusions. Statistically significant correlation was found between miR-1, miR-133a, and miR-499 and hsTnT, NT-proBNP, and LVEF. In addition, this analysis suggests that plasma levels of circulating miR-499 could contribute to the identification of patients at increased risk of death during the first year after AMI, especially when combined with NT-proBNP levels.
Genome Damage in Rats after Transplacental Exposure to Jatropha dioica Root Extract
Authors: Morales-Velazquez Gabriela , Lazalde-Ramos Blanca Patricia , Gómez-Meda Belinda Claudia , Zúñiga-González Guillermo Moisés , Ortiz-García Yveth Marlene , Gutiérrez-Hernández Rosalinda , Guerrero-Velazquez Celia , Sánchez de la Rosa Susana Vanessa , Zamora-Perez Ana Lourdes
Published: November 2019

Jatropha dioica is traditionally used owing to its antiviral, antifungal, and antimicrobial properties. But, toxicological information regarding J. dioica root total extract is currently limited. The aim of this work was to evaluate in a rat model, the transplacental genotoxicity effect of J. dioica aqueous root total extract. Three different J. dioica aqueous root total extract doses (60, 100, and 300 mg/kg) were administered orally to Wistar rats during 5 days through the pregnancy term (16–21 days). Pregnant rats were sampled every 24 h during the last 6 days of gestation, and pubs were sampled at birth. Genome damage in dams and their newborn pups transplacentally exposed to J. dioica was evaluated by in vivo micronuclei assay. We evaluated the frequency of micronucleated erythrocytes (MNE), micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes (MNPCE), and polychromatic erythrocytes (PCE) in peripheral blood samples from pups and MNPCE and PCE in pregnant rats. No genotoxic effect was observed after oral administration of the three different doses of aqueous root total extract of J. dioica in pregnant or in their newborn pubs, after transplacental exposure. A significant decrease in PCE frequency was noted in samples from pubs of rats treated with the highest dose of J. dioica extract. The aqueous total root extract of J. dioica at the highest dose tested in our research do have cytotoxic effect in pups transplacentally exposed to this plant extract. Moreover, neither a genotoxic nor a cytotoxic effect was observed in pregnant rats. In the present work, there was no evidence of genome damage in the rat model after transplacental exposure to J. dioica aqueous root total extract.
Analysis of Metabolite Profiling in Human Endothelial Cells after Plasma Jet Treatment
Authors: Yang Yanjie , Xu Dehui , Ning Ning , Xu Yujing
Published: November 2019

Cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) is a novel technology, which has been widely applied in biomedicine, especially in wound healing, dermatological treatment, hemostasis, and cancer treatment. In most cases, CAP treatment will interact with innumerable blood capillaries. Therefore, it is important and necessary to understand the effects of CAP treatment on endothelial cell metabolism. In this study, the metabolite profiling of plasma treatment on endothelial cells was measured by gas chromatography tandem time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC-TOF-MS). We found that 695 signals (metabolites) were detected by GC-TOF-MS and then evaluated using orthogonal projections to latent structures discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA). All the differential metabolites were listed, and proline and xanthosine were the two of the most downregulated metabolites by plasma treatment. By comprehensive metabolic pathway analysis with the KEGG pathway, we showed that alanine, aspartate, glutamate, and purine metabolism pathways were the most significantly suppressed after gas plasma treatment in human endothelial cells. Our finding gives an overall picture of the metabolic pathways affected by plasma treatment in endothelial cells.
LyophilizedB. subtilisZB183 Spores: 90-Day Repeat Dose Oral (Gavage) Toxicity Study in Wistar Rats
Authors: Appala Naidu B. , Kannan Kamala , Santhosh Kumar D. P. , Oliver John W. K. , Abbott Zachary D.
Published: November 2019

A 90-day repeated-dose oral toxicological evaluation was conducted according to GLP and OECD guidelines on lyophilized spores of the novel genetically modified strainB. subtilisZB183. Lyophilized spores at doses of 109, 1010, and 1011 CFU/kg body weight/day were administered by oral gavage to Wistar rats for a period of 90 consecutive days.B. subtilisZB183 had no effects on clinical signs, mortality, ophthalmological examinations, functional observational battery, body weights, body weight gains and food consumption in both sexes. There were no test item-related changes observed in haematology, coagulation, urinalysis, thyroid hormonal analysis, terminal fasting body weights, organ weights, gross pathology and histopathology. A minimal increase in the plasma albumin level was observed at 1010and 1011 CFU/kg/day doses without an increase in total protein in males or females and was considered a nonadverse effect. The “No Observed Adverse Effect Level (NOAEL)” is defined at the highest dose of 1011 CFU/kg body weight/day for lyophilizedB. subtilisZB183 Spores under the test conditions employed.
Long-Term Efficacy and Safety of Everolimus-Eluting Stent Implantation in Japanese Patients with Acute Coronary Syndrome: Five-Year Real-World Data from the Tokyo-MD PCI Study
Authors: Yoshikawa Shunji , Ashikaga Takashi , Miyazaki Toru , Kurihara Ken , Hirao Kenzo
Published: November 2019

Background. The long-term safety of first-generation drug-eluting stent (DES) in acute coronary syndrome (ACS) was controversial. Purpose. The purpose of this study was to establish 5-year real-world data regarding the long-term efficacy and safety of second-generation DES in Japanese patients with ACS. Methods. The Tokyo-MD PCI study is a multicenter, observational cohort study enrolling consecutive patients who underwent everolimus-eluting stent (EES) implantation. The 5-year clinical events were compared between the ACS group (n = 644) and the stable coronary artery disease (SCAD) group (n = 1255). The primary efficacy endpoint was ischemia-driven target lesion revascularization (TLR), and the primary safety endpoint was the composite of all-cause death or myocardial infarction (MI). Results. The median follow-up duration was 5.4 years. The cumulative incidence of ischemia-driven TLR was similar between ACS and SCAD (1 year: 3.0% versus 2.7%; P=0.682, 1–5 years: 2.7% versus 2.9%; P=0.864). The cumulative incidence of all-cause death or MI within 1 year was significantly higher in ACS than in SCAD (7.4% versus 3.8%; P<0.001); however, ACS did not increase the risk of all-cause death or MI after adjusting confounders (adjusted hazard ratio, 1.260; 95% confidence interval, 0.774–2.053; P=0.352). From 1 to 5 years, the cumulative incidence of all-cause death or MI was not significantly different between ACS and SCAD (11.6% versus 11.4%; P=0.706). The cumulative incidence of very late stent thrombosis was low and similar between ACS and SCAD (0.2% versus 0.2%; P=0.942). Conclusion. This real-world registry suggested that EES has comparable long-term efficacy and safety in patients with ACS and SCAD.
Performance Evaluation of Bone Glue-Modified Asphalt
Authors: Ali Asif , Ahmad Naveed , Adeel Muhammad , Zaidi Syed Bilal Ahmed , Jameel Muhammad Sohail , Qureshi Farsan Ali , Haroon Waqas , Asif Syeda Aamara
Published: November 2019

Asphalt is one of the primary materials that are extensively used by the pavement industry throughout the world. Its behaviour is highly dependent on the amount of loading and the level of temperature it is exposed to. Asphalt has been modified in the past with different additives to improve its high- or low-temperature properties. In Pakistan, temperature remains high for most of the time of the year; hence, asphalt binders with less susceptibility to higher temperatures are preferred for flexible pavements. Acids, polymers, fibers, and extenders have been used by the researchers to improve high-temperature performance of asphalt mixture. In the present study, a bio material derived from the animal waste, named as bone glue (BG), has been used with the 60/70 penetration grade binder in dosages of 3%, 6%, 9%, and 12% by weight of asphalt binder. The bone glue is produced from a sustainable source. It is a cost-effective and eco-friendly material. Moreover, it produces a durable and nonhazardous asphalt composite. The influence of addition of bone glue on asphalt binder was evaluated using different testing techniques which include consistency tests, rheological analysis, and adhesion tests. Furthermore, different performance tests were conducted on bone glue-modified asphalt mixtures. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis were carried out to ensure the homogeneity and proper mixing of bone glue in asphalt binder. The results from the tests reveal that bone glue stiffens the asphalt binder hence enhancing its high temperature performance. Bone glue dosage of 9% by weight of the binder was found to be the optimum dosage based on the rheological and performance analysis.
Unit Experimental Study on Impact Crushing Rock of the Microcoring PDC Bit
Authors: Yang Yingxin , Song Dongdong , Huang Kuilin , Ren Haitao , Zhou Jian
Published: November 2019

In light of the situation of sliced or powdery cuttings produced by conventional PDC bit, it is found that they are not convenient for geological logging and stratification. The unit crushing experiment which contains two breaking forms (static‐pressure breaking and impact) is conducted on core columns of sandstone, limestone, and granite. This experimental study showed the following: The breaking work ratio of the three core column types is much less than that of the flat rock. The height of the core column has little effect on the bit penetration rate, while core column diameter has greater effect on the bit penetration rate. The experimental results further indicate that a core column has been generated in the central area of the drill bit, which is beneficial to the volume breaking of the rock and can improve the rock‐breaking efficiency of the drill bit. The microcoring bit is suitable for raising speed in soft, medium, and hard formations and is helpful for geological logging.
Academic and Career Aspiration and Destinations: A Hong Kong Perspective on Adolescent Transition
Authors: Tsui Kwok-Tung , Lee Chi-Kin John , Hui King-Fai Sammy , Chun Wai-Sun Derek , Chan Nim-Chi Kim
Published: November 2019

Understanding the academic and career aspirations of adolescents and their destinations could inform policy makers and educators about how best to provide support at society and school levels to facilitate adolescents transitioning from school to further education and work. The current qualitative study investigates seven senior secondary students from three schools with varying intakes of student ability under the “Secondary School Places Allocation System” in Hong Kong. By employing a Systems Theory Framework, the study looked into the academic and career aspirations of these students and tracked their destinations immediately after secondary school graduation. Findings show that the academic and career aspirations of adolescents and their destinations are shaped by prevailing preferences for attaining higher qualifications, preferably a bachelor’s degree, parental and others’ influences, and outcomes of public examination results. The implications of enhancing support for the societal, school, and career- and life-planning education of individuals are discussed.
Prevalence, Awareness, Treatment, and Control and Related Factors of Hypertension in Multiethnic Agriculture, Stock-Raising, and Urban Xinjiang, Northwest China: A Cross-Sectional Screening for 47000 Adults
Authors: Wang Lin , Li Nanfang , Heizhati Mulalibieke , Yao Xiaoguang , Duiyimuhan Gulinuer , Zhou Keming , Cao Mei , Wang Menghui , Hu Junli , Zhang Delian
Published: November 2019

Background. Hypertension is the leading cause of cardiovascular disease. Distribution of hypertension and related factors among multiethnic population in Northwest China remains scarce. The aim was to determine prevalence, awareness, treatment, control, and risk factors associated with hypertension among multiethnic population in Northwest China. Methods. We conducted a blood pressure (BP) screening project covering a third of adults in Emin Xinjiang, Northwest China, during 2014–2016. Hypertension was defined as systolic BP ≥ 140 mmHg, diastolic BP ≥ 90 mmHg, and/or taking antihypertension drugs. We compared prevalence, awareness, treatment, and control of hypertension and related factors by different regions (agriculture, stock-raising, or urban) and by ethnic groups. Results. Totally 47,040 adults were screened with 48.5% women. Overall prevalence, awareness, treatment, and control of hypertension were 26.5%, 64.6%, 44.5%, and 15.3%, respectively. Age-gender-adjusted hypertension prevalence was higher in urban (28.2%) than in other regions and in Kazakh (30.3%) than in others. The lowest awareness and treatment rates were observed in the agricultural region and in Kazakh subjects, while the lowest control was in the stock-raising region (13.8%) and in Kazakh subjects (12.6%). After adjusting for age, gender, ethnicity, and regions, compared to normal weight, nonsmokers, and nondrinkers, obesity, smoking, and alcohol intake were significantly related to increased prevalence of hypertension by 94%, 1.5, and 3.9 folds, respectively. Conclusions. Disparities in hypertension control among regions and ethnic groups suggested inadequate screening and treatment, especially in stock-raising regions and Kazakh populations. Control of alcohol intake, smoking, and obesity should be at high priority of health promotion.
Mucoadhesive Particles: A Novel, Prolonged-Release Nanocarrier of Sitagliptin for the Treatment of Diabetics
Authors: SreeHarsha Nagaraja , Ramnarayanan Chandramouli , Al-Dhubiab Bandar E. , Nair Anroop B. , Hiremath Jagadeesh G. , Venugopala Katharigatta N. , Satish Roopashree T. , Attimarad Mahesh , Shariff Arshia
Published: November 2019

Sitagliptin (MK–0431) is a widely and commonly used oral hypoglycemic drug in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus; patients typically take higher doses of this drug (50 mg, twice daily). One drawback is that only 38% of the drug is bound reversibly to plasma proteins and 79% is excreted in urine without being metabolized. To overcome this issue, there is a need for a better drug-delivery method to improve its efficacy in patients. It has been found that in existing formulations, the drug content is 72.5% ± 5% and the percentage yield is 84.9% ± 3%. In this study, sitagliptin nanoparticles (sizes ranging from 210 to 618 nm) were developed. The bioadhesion properties of the nanoparticles, as well as the swelling of the nanoparticles on the mucus membrane aided in sustained drug release. The pattern of drug release was in accordance with the Peppas model. Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy demonstrated that there were no significant interactions between sitagliptin and chitosan. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) results showed an absence of drug peaks due to the fact that the drug was present in an amorphous state. Mucoadhesive nanoparticles were formulated using sitagliptin and were effective for about 12 hours in the gastrointestinal tract. When compared to conventional sitagliptin administration, use of a nanoparticle delivery system demonstrated greater benefits for use in oral delivery applications. This is the first time that a drug-delivery method based on the mucoadhesive properties of nanoparticles could prolong the drug-release time of sitagliptin.
A Novel Construction of Constrained Verifiable Random Functions
Authors: Liu Muhua , Zhang Ping , Wu Qingtao
Published: November 2019

Constrained verifiable random functions (VRFs) were introduced by Fuchsbauer. In a constrained VRF, one can drive a constrained key skS from the master secret key sk, where S is a subset of the domain. Using the constrained key skS, one can compute function values at points which are not in the set S. The security of constrained VRFs requires that the VRFs’ output should be indistinguishable from a random value in the range. They showed how to construct constrained VRFs for the bit-fixing class and the circuit constrained class based on multilinear maps. Their construction can only achieve selective security where an attacker must declare which point he will attack at the beginning of experiment. In this work, we propose a novel construction for constrained verifiable random function from bilinear maps and prove that it satisfies a new security definition which is stronger than the selective security. We call it semiadaptive security where the attacker is allowed to make the evaluation queries before it outputs the challenge point. It can immediately get that if a scheme satisfied semiadaptive security, and it must satisfy selective security.
Automated Breast Cancer Diagnosis Based on Machine Learning Algorithms
Authors: Dhahri Habib , Al Maghayreh Eslam , Mahmood Awais , Elkilani Wail , Faisal Nagi Mohammed
Published: November 2019

There have been several empirical studies addressing breast cancer using machine learning and soft computing techniques. Many claim that their algorithms are faster, easier, or more accurate than others are. This study is based on genetic programming and machine learning algorithms that aim to construct a system to accurately differentiate between benign and malignant breast tumors. The aim of this study was to optimize the learning algorithm. In this context, we applied the genetic programming technique to select the best features and perfect parameter values of the machine learning classifiers. The performance of the proposed method was based on sensitivity, specificity, precision, accuracy, and the roc curves. The present study proves that genetic programming can automatically find the best model by combining feature preprocessing methods and classifier algorithms.
Changes in Circulating BDNF in relation to Sex, Diet, and Exercise: A 12-Week Randomized Controlled Study in Overweight and Obese Participants
Authors: Glud M. , Christiansen T. , Larsen L. H. , Richelsen B. , Bruun J. M.
Published: November 2019

Circulating BDNF is higher in women than in men and suggested to be affected by changes in food intake, body weight, and exercise. The purpose of this study was to compare BDNF concentrations in women and men during a 12-week weight loss intervention. Using a previously published 12-week randomized study, serum BDNF was assessed at baseline and after 12 weeks using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method. Fifty overweight or obese but healthy individuals (26 women, mean age of 36.4 ± 7.9 years; 24 men, mean age of 38.0 ± 5.9 years) were included and allocated into three groups: exercise-only (EXO; 12 weeks of aerobic exercise and isocaloric diet), diet-only (DIO; 8 weeks of very low energy diet (VLED 600 kcal/day) followed by a 4-week weight maintenance diet), or diet and exercise (DEX; 12 weeks of aerobic exercise in parallel with 8 weeks of VLED (800 kcal/day) followed by a 4-week weight maintenance diet). At baseline, BDNF levels were 25% higher in women compared to men (p=0.006). Body weight was reduced in all intervention groups (p<0.006). Exercise (EXO group) induced a 22% reduction in circulating BDNF in men (p=0.037) and women (p=0.080). In the DIO and DEX groups, a significant reduction in BDNF levels (29.9%; p=0.035 and 32.5%; p=0.003, respectively) was observed in women but not in men. In conclusion, circulating BDNF was significantly changed by diet alone or combined with exercise in women and only by exercise alone in men. This suggests that changes in circulating BDNF depend on weight loss methods (diet/exercise) as well as sex.
Occupational Therapy for Parkinsonian Patients: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Franciotta Michele , Maestri Roberto , Ortelli Paola , Ferrazzoli Davide , Mastalli Federica , Frazzitta Giuseppe
Published: November 2019

Background. Hand functionality and finger dexterity are impaired in patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD). These disturbances lead to a dependency in activities of daily living (ADL) and poor quality of life (QoL). Objective. We aimed to evaluate whether a specific occupational therapy (OT) program is effective in improving finger and hand dexterity and its impact on ADL in PD patients. Methods. We retrospectively studied PD patients, hospitalized for a 4-week multidisciplinary intensive rehabilitation treatment (MIRT) between January 2015 and June 2018. All patients underwent 1 h/day OT treatment, 5 days a week. The primary outcome measure was the O’Connor finger dexterity test; secondary outcome measures were the Minnesota dexterity test, UPDRS II, and Self-Assessment Parkinson’s Disease Disability Scale (SPDDS). These measures were assessed at admission (T0) and discharge (T1). Results. Based on the Hoehn and Yahr scale (H&Y), patients were divided into two groups: 262 subjects in H&Y stage <3 (early-stage PD patients) and 220 in H&Y stage ≥3 (medium-advanced stage PD patients). As expected, at baseline, all measures were worse in higher H&Y stages. After treatment, both groups experienced significant improvements in all outcomes. Significant differences between early-stage and medium-advanced stage PD patients were observed only for the changes in UPDRS II, with a better improvement in patients in H&Y stage ≥3. Conclusions. We showed that PD patients who underwent a rehabilitation protocol including OT experienced improvements in finger dexterity and hand functionality. Our results underline the relevance of OT in improving autonomy and QoL in PD patients.
Associations between Vitamin D and Liver Function and Liver Fibrosis in Patients with Biliary Atresia
Authors: Zhuang Peijun , Sun Song , Dong Rui , Chen Gong , Huang Yanlei , Zheng Shan
Published: November 2019

Objectives. To detail the effects of vitamin D (VD) deficiency and assess the relationships between VD deficiency and liver function and liver fibrosis in patients with biliary atresia (BA). Methods. In this study, BA patients confirmed by intraoperative cholangiography were enrolled between January 2017 and February 2019. Preoperative serum 25-(OH)D level, liver function, serum biomarker levels of liver fibrosis, and histopathologic features were recorded. Deficiency, insufficiency, and sufficiency of VD were defined as serum 25-(OH)D concentrations of <10, 10-20, and >20 ng/ml, respectively. Associations between serum 25-(OH)D level and liver function and liver fibrosis were analyzed. Results. A total of 161 BA infants were included. The median (interquartile range (IQR)) serum 25-(OH)D level in all patients was 7.56 (IQR: 4.48–11.40) ng/ml. The rates of 25-(OH)D deficiency, insufficiency, and sufficiency were 67.1% (108/161), 29.2% (47/161), and 3.7% (6/161), respectively. Serum 25-(OH)D level was negatively correlated with alkaline phosphatase (r=‐0.232, P=0.003). After adjusting for age, a decrease in serum 25-(OH)D level was correlated with the increase of the Batts-Ludwig stage score (odds ratio (OR): 0.94, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.88–0.99; P=0.028). Serum 25-(OH)D level was also correlated with the N-terminal propeptide of type III procollagen (PIIINP) (r=‐0.246, P=0.002). Additionally, PIIINP (P=0.038) and ALP (P=0.031) were independently associated with serum 25-(OH)D level. Conclusions. VD deficiency was common and inversely correlated with liver fibrosis in BA patients. Furthermore, VD was not correlated with liver function except alkaline phosphatase.
Evaluation Algorithm of Root Canal Shape Based on Steklov Spectrum Analysis
Authors: Wu Dongqing , Gao Jian , Hu Xiaoli , Xiao Zhengtao , Huang Zhuwei , Zhang Lanyu , Chen Xin , He Yunbo
Published: November 2019

In recent years, we have seen more and more interest in the field of medical images and shape comparison motivated by the latest advances in microcomputed tomography (μCT) acquisition, modelling, and visualization technologies. Usually, biologists need to evaluate the effect of different root canal preparation systems. Current root canal preparation evaluation methods are based on the volume difference, area difference, and transportation of two root canals before and after treatment. The purpose of root canal preparation is to minimize the volume difference and ensure the complete removal of the smear layer. Previous methods can reflect some general geometric differences, but they are not enough to evaluate the quality of root canal shape. To solve this problem, we proposed a novel root canal evaluation method based on spectrum and eigenfunctions of Steklov operators, which can be served as a better alternative to current methods in root canal preparation evaluation. Firstly, the ideal root canal model was simulated according to the root canal model before and after preparation. Secondly, the Steklov spectrum of the two models was calculated. Thirdly, based on the spectrum and the histogram of the Gaussian curvature on the surface, the weight of each eigenvalue was computed. Therefore, the Steklov spectrum distance (SSD), which measures shape difference between the root canals, was defined. Finally, the calculation method that quantifies the root canal preparation effect of root canals was obtained. Through experiments, our method manifested high robustness and accuracy compared with existing state-of-the-art approaches. It also demonstrates the significance of our algorithm’s advantages on a variety of challenging root canals through result comparison with counterpart methods.
Precise Control of Gold Nanoparticles on DNA Origami for Logic Operation
Authors: Chen Kuiting , Li Xiang , Yang Jing
Published: November 2019

Owing to their capacity for accurate structural control and complex programmability, DNA molecules have been extensively studied in relation to the construction of nanodevices. However, the existing logic gate sections based on DNA self-assembly were independent of each other, which hampered the development of large-scale integrated DNA circuits. Herein, we have explored a logic operation device with excellent scalability based on assembling and selectively releasing AuNPs on DNA origami, and have performed YES gate, OR gate, AND gate, and three-input composite gate. In the experiment, the logic operation result is detected by gel analysis and TEM image. The resolution of the output signals was greatly improved by determining the releasing of AuNPs from two-layer honeycomb origami. Our study provides a promising approach for building more complex large-scale DNA logic circuits.
Stress-Coping Humoral Glycolipids Produced by Mice Given Controlled Bathing Treatments
Authors: Masuda Yutaka , Narita Hiroto , Hasegawa Hiroaki
Published: November 2019

Mammalians have recognition-behavioral stress-coping neuronal module system followed by some humoral glycolipids. A sulfated Galbeta1-4GlcNAc-lipid promotes the serotonergic module regulating the emotional behaviors for not-wasting the physical strength; GalNAcalpha1-3GalNAc-lipid promotes the adrenergic module inducing the behaviors escaping from the uneasy situation, and sulfated Fucalpha1-2Gal-lipid protects the cholinergic module keeping the stressor-memory from the ischemia-stress. Mouse given bathing recognizes the stressors to be coped with in the treatment. We previously observed mouse given CO2-microbubble-bathing increased the behavior escaping from the bathing situation. Mouse given CO2-microbubble-bathing would recognize the other stressors to be coped with in the treatment. We examined stress-coping glycolipids produced by mice given controlled bathing treatments, and got the following results. A sulfated Galbeta1-4GlcNAc-lipid production was increased by the acidic bathing condition and the dissolved CO2, GalNAcalpha1-3GalNAc-lipid production was increased by the dissolved CO2, and sulfated Fucalpha1-2Gal-lipid production was increased by the acidic bathing condition. We understood the mice treated with CO2-microbubble-bathing would recognize the acidic bathing condition and the dissolved CO2, but not the microbubble, as the other stressors to be coped.
Anti‐Aging Effects of Schisandrae chinensis Fructus Extract: Improvement of Insulin Sensitivity and Muscle Function in Aged Mice
Authors: Choi Hojung , Seo Eunhui , Yeon Myeonghoon , Kim Myung-Sunny , Hur Haeng Jeon , Oh Byung-Chul , Jun Hee-Sook
Published: November 2019

Schisandrae chinensis Fructus has a long history of medicinal use as a tonic, a sedative, and an antitussive drug. In this study, we investigated the beneficial effects of Schisandrae chinensis Fructus ethanol extract (SFe) on metabolism in an aged mouse model. Sixteen-month-old C57BL/6J mice were fed with a diet supplemented with SFe for 4 months. Insulin sensitivity was lower at 20 months of age than at 16 months of age; however, the decrease in insulin sensitivity was less in SFe-fed mice. SFe supplementation also appeared to improve glucose tolerance. Body weight gain was lower in SFe-fed mice than in mice fed the control diet. Body fat mass was lower and the lean mass was higher in SFe-fed mice. In addition, the grip strength was enhanced in SFe-fed mice. Histological analysis of the tibialis anterior muscle showed that the size of myofiber and slow-twitch red muscle was increased by SFe supplementation. The expression of proteins related to muscle protein synthesis such as phospho-Erk1 and phospho-S6K1 was increased by SFe supplementation. The mRNA expression of genes related to myogenesis and their encoded proteins such as MyoD, Myf5, MRF4, myogenin, and myosin heavy chain, was increased, whereas that of genes related to muscle degradation, such as atrogin-1, MuRF-1, and myostatin, were decreased relative to control mice. These results suggest that SFe supplementation might have beneficial effects for the improvement of insulin sensitivity and inhibition of muscle loss that occur with aging.
Handgrip Strength Cut-Off Values for the Undernutrition Risk Screening among Elderly Men and Women in Bosnia and Herzegovina
Authors: Račić Maja , Pavlović Jelena , Ivković Nedeljka
Published: November 2019

Objectives. To determine the optimal cut-off points of handgrip strength (HGS) to identify the undernutrition risk among individuals older than 65 years of age in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Design. Cross-sectional study. Setting. Towns of Sarajevo, Foca, Rogatica, and Pale in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Participants. 300 community-dwelling older adults and 146 nursing home residents. Comprehensive Geriatric multidimensional assessment (CGA) was carried out to evaluate general health, functional, and cognitive capabilities. Nutritional status and undernutrition risk were assessed by Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA) and Seniors in the Community: risk evaluation for eating and nutrition, version II (SCREEN II). HGS was measured with a Smedley dynamometer. Results. According to the classification of nutritional status by MNA, 42% of community-dwelling men and 39% of community-dwelling women were at undernutrition risk. The undernutrition risk was significantly higher among nursing home residing men (89%) and women (78%) (p<0.001). When nutritional status was assessed by SCREEN II, 100% on nursing home residents, 86% of community-dwelling men and 80% of women were identified as having a high risk for undernutrition. Per MNA, HGS cut-off thresholds were 23.50 kgF (65–74 years) and 19.50 kgF (≥75 years) for men; 15.50 kgF (65–74 years) and 13.50 kgF (≥75 years) for women. Per SCREEN II, cut-points were 28.50 kgF (65–74 years) and 24.50 kgF (≥75 years) for men; 24.50 kgF (65–74 years), 19.50 kgF (≥75 years for women). Conclusion. HGS can be a useful instrument to identify undernutrition risk among the elderly patients. This study provides threshold for men and women older than 65 years of age in Bosnia and Herzegovina.
p,q-Growth of Meromorphic Functions and the Newton-Padé Approximant
Authors: Harfaoui Mohammed , Lakhmaili Loubna , Mourassil Abdellah
Published: November 2019

In this paper, we have considered the generalized growth (p,q-order and p,q-type) in terms of coefficient of the development pnn given in the (n, n)-th Newton-Padé approximant of meromorphic function. We use these results to study the relationship between the degree of convergence in capacity of interpolating functions and information on the degree of convergence of best rational approximation on a compact of ℂ (in the supremum norm). We will also show that the order of meromorphic functions puts an upper bound on the degree of convergence.
Utilization of Long-Acting Contraceptive Methods and Associated Factors among Female Health Care Providers in East Gojjam Zone, Northwest Ethiopia, in 2018
Authors: Bewket Zeleke Liknaw , Gella Manaye Meku , Almaw Derseh Hunegnaw , Alemu Addisu Alehegn , Abebe Kassahun Eskeziaw , Gelaw Kelemu Abebe
Published: November 2019

Introduction. Sub-Saharan Africa, including Ethiopia, faces serious population and reproductive health challenges, indicated by a higher unmet need for family planning, especially for long-acting contraceptive methods, higher fertility, and population growth rates. The utilization of long-acting reversible contraceptive methods in Ethiopia and in particular in the study area is low. Objective. This study aimed to assess the utilization of long-acting reversible contraceptive methods among female health care workers in the reproductive age group in East Gojjam Zone, Northwest Ethiopia, in 2018. Methods. Institutional-based cross-sectional study was conducted from 1 to 30 March 2018. A total of 392 female health care workers have participated. Data were collected by a structured, pretested, and self-administered questionnaire, then entered into Epi-info Version 7, and analyzed by SPSS Version 21. Bivariable and multivariate binary logistic regression analyses were carried out. p value <0.05 was considered to declare statistically significant variables. Result. The current utilization of long-acting contraceptive methods among female health workers was found to be 22.7%. Supportive attitude of their husbands/partners (AOR at 95% CI 4.62 (1.52–14.09)), having <5000 EBrr monthly family income (AOR at 95% CI 2.813 (1.04–7.57)), supportive attitude towards the utilization of long-acting contraceptive methods (AOR at 95% CI 5.13 (2.03–12.95)), and the desire to have 0–2 children (AOR at 95% CI 5.34 (1.80–15.80)) were positively associated factors towards the utilization of long-acting contraceptive methods. Conclusion. The current utilization of long-acting contraceptive methods was found low. Husbands/partners’ supportive attitude, the number of children they want to have, attitude, and monthly family income were identified as significant factors. The East Gojjam Zonal Health Department and other stakeholders should work on the promotion of partners/husbands’ involvement in the utilization of long-acting contraceptive methods among reproductive age women, including health care workers.
Analytical Model for Travel Time‐Based BPR Function with Demand Fluctuation and Capacity Degradation
Authors: Zhang Junjie , Liu Miaomiao , Zhou Bin
Published: November 2019

This study presents a stochastic model based on the link performance function of the Bureau of Public Roads to assess the reliability of travel time in the transportation network. Empirical studies have verified that the variability of travel time can be ascribed to demand fluctuation and the degradation of the capacity of the stochastic network. The mean‐variance approach in previous research presented the budget model of travel time, with the capacity of the stochastic network and elastic demand as the sources of uncertainty of travel time. Previous research was devoted to the study of estimation of travel time considering a single factor or a factor independent of these two sources. Meanwhile, this study introduces the current degeneration coefficient of capacity (CDC) and the density distribution function of road section saturation (DDFS) with simultaneous network capacity and traffic demand. Sensitivity analysis method for the parameters of the proposed model is investigated theoretically using the sensitivity model of traffic capacity degradation. Results of case analysis show that the DDFS and CDC have an effect on the decision of travelers regarding the choice of route. The empirical analysis also illustrates the effectiveness of the computational approach and the proposed model.
Monoclonal Antibody Therapies in Multiple Myeloma: A Challenge to Develop Novel Targets
Authors: Nishida Hiroko , Yamada Taketo
Published: November 2019

The treatment options in multiple myeloma (MM) has changed dramatically over the past decade with the development of novel agents such as proteasome inhibitors (PIs); bortezomib and immunomodulatory drugs (IMiDs); thalidomide, and lenalidomide which revealed high efficacy and improvement of overall survival (OS) in MM patients. However, despite these progresses, most patients relapse and become eventually refractory to these therapies. Thus, the development of novel, targeted immunotherapies has been pursued aggressively. Recently, next-generation PIs; carfilzomib and ixazomib, IMiD; pomalidomide, histone deacetylase inhibitor (HDADi); panobinostat and monoclonal antibodies (MoAbs); and elotuzumab and daratumumab have emerged, and especially, combination of mAbs plus novel agents has led to dramatic improvements in the outcome of MM patients. The field of immune therapies has been accelerating in the treatment of hematological malignancies and has also taken center stage in MM. This review focuses on an overview of current status of novel MoAb therapy including bispecific T-cell engager (BiTE) antibody (BsAb), antibody-drug conjugate (ADC), and chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells, in relapsed or refractory MM (RRMM). Lastly, investigational novel MoAb-based therapy to overcome immunotherapy resistance in MM is shown.
A Data‐Driven Framework for Smart Urban Domestic Wastewater: A Sustainability Perspective
Authors: Du Jing , Kuang Biao , Yang Yifan
Published: November 2019

With the continuous advancement of urbanization, the problem of urban domestic wastewater has become increasingly serious. Furthermore, information and communication technologies (ICTs) have flourished, providing smart ideas for the governance of urban problems, including smart urban domestic wastewater (SUDW), to improve efficiency and deliver smart cities. The framework of smart governance is vital for urban planning and development, but existing frameworks lack systematic characteristics. Therefore, this study aimed to systematically analyze the functions that SUDW can achieve from a sustainability perspective and to construct a framework of SUDW. This paper articulated the objectives of SUDW from the perspectives of service providers (mainly wastewater treatment plants, WWTPs), government, and public based on the goals of smart cities and sustainable development. Moreover, seven functions of SUDW were identified based on systematic literature analysis, such as the automation of WWTPs and operation and maintenance of sewer assets. Then, the information needed for the above functions was analyzed to clarify communication between the main stakeholders and functions, which were illustrated by an information chain model. The functions are interrelated and closely related to sustainable development, where information sharing is the foundation and key component. Based on the above analyses, a data‐driven framework of SUDW consisting of five layers was proposed. The paper indicated that the core of SUDW is the perception, transmission, storage, analysis, and application of relevant data. The study not only contributes to the body of knowledge relating to smart cities but can also guide the planning of cities to realize SUDW, smart cities, and sustainable development.