bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
HIV treatment as prevention: not an argument for continuing criminalisation of HIV transmission
Authors: Francis John G. , Francis Leslie P.
Published: December 2013

HIV prevention and treatment are undergoing impressive technological and practice changes. In-home rapid testing, prophylaxis before risky sex, and treatment as prevention give cause for remarkable optimism and suggest the possibility of an AIDS-free generation. These changes in HIV prevention and treatment might affect HIV policy in several different directions. One direction would be further entrenchment of the currently prevailing punitive approach. A different direction would be a shift away from use of the criminal law as a method for discouraging risky behaviour and towards a strategy aimed to encourage the use of the new treatment and prevention possibilities. When such abrupt technological changes are accompanied by sharp changes in regulatory regimes, they are identified in the public policy literature as a ‘punctuated equilibrium’. A shift away from criminalisation in HIV policy, if sufficiently widespread and transformative, could reach the level of a punctuated equilibrium. This paper presents a critical assessment of the implications of the changes in available forms of treatment and prevention for the continued appeal of criminalisation as an approach to HIV policy. We conclude that criminalisation is less justifiable in the light of what might be circumstances ripe for a punctuated equilibrium.
Kawashima and the changing focus on Japanese legal consciousness: a selective history of the sociology of law in Japan
Authors: Murayama Masayuki
Published: December 2013

Kawashima's well-known arguments on Japanese legal consciousness represent characteristic concerns of Japanese socio-legal scholarship: comparison between Japan and the West on the one hand, and law and practice on the other. Such concerns originated much earlier, before World War II. Suehiro, the early founder, relied on Ehrlich's idea of living law to make law fit social reality. In contrast, Kawashima urged Japanese people to make modern law ‘our living law’. He also argued that Japanese consciousness was the main cause of the small volume of litigation. This thesis became a focus of empirical research by Japanese and foreign scholars. Kawashima played a significant role in establishing the sociology of law as a subject in law. In subsequent empirical studies, Kawashima's thesis has been critically assessed. Yet the sociology of law as an empirical science and the characteristic concerns his work represents are distinctive features of the sociology of law in Japan.
Structure and Invariance of Executive Functioning Tasks across Socioeconomic Status: Evidence from Spanish-Speaking Children
Authors: Arán-Filippetti Vanessa
Published: December 2013

The aim of the present study was to analyze the latent structure of executive functions (EFs) in Spanish-speaking children and to test measurement invariance across socioeconomic status (SES). We sampled 248 children, aged 8 to 12, who were divided into two groups: 124 children from a medium socioeconomic status (MSS) and 124 children from a low socioeconomic status (LSS). We applied a neuropsychological battery consisting of various EF tasks and performed confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and multi-group CFA (MGCFA). CFA showed best fit for the three factor solution: (a) Working memory, (b) Cognitive flexibility, and (c) Inhibition. Moreover, the MGCFA revealed that the three-factor solution was invariant (configural, metric, and structural) across SES, allowing valid comparison between the groups (MSS and LSS) of factors. Finally, bifactorial MANOVA revealed a significant effect of SES and group age but not for the interaction between the two in the three EF dimensions indicative of quantitative group differences. Results are discussed in terms of the dimensional nature of the EF construct and the effects of SES on executive functioning.
Defects in bilayer silica and graphene: common trends in diverse hexagonal two-dimensional systems
Authors: Björkman Torbjörn , Kurasch Simon , Lehtinen Ossi , Kotakoski Jani , Yazyev Oleg V. , Srivastava Anchal , Skakalova Viera , Smet Jurgen H. , Kaiser Ute , Krasheninnikov Arkady V.
Published: December 2013

By combining first-principles and classical force field calculations with aberration-corrected high-resolution transmission electron microscopy experiments, we study the morphology and energetics of point and extended defects in hexagonal bilayer silica and make comparison to graphene, another two-dimensional (2D) system with hexagonal symmetry. We show that the motifs of isolated point defects in these 2D structures with otherwise very different properties are similar and include Stone-Wales-type defects formed by structural unit rotations, flower defects and reconstructed double vacancies. The morphology and energetics of extended defects, such as grain boundaries have much in common as well. As both sp2-hybridised carbon and bilayer silica can also form amorphous structures, our results indicate that the morphology of imperfect 2D honeycomb lattices is largely governed by the underlying symmetry of the lattice.
Integrated enzyme reactor and high resolving chromatography in “sub-chip” dimensions for sensitive protein mass spectrometry
Authors: Hustoft Hanne Kolsrud , Brandtzaeg Ole Kristian , Rogeberg Magnus , Misaghian Dorna , Torsetnes Silje Bøen , Greibrokk Tyge , Reubsaet Léon , Wilson Steven Ray , Lundanes Elsa
Published: December 2013

Reliable, sensitive and automatable analytical methodology is of great value in e.g. cancer diagnostics. In this context, an on-line system for enzymatic cleavage of proteins, subsequent peptide separation by liquid chromatography (LC) with mass spectrometric detection has been developed using “sub-chip” columns (10–20 μm inner diameter, ID). The system could detect attomole amounts of isolated cancer biomarker progastrin-releasing peptide (ProGRP), in a more automatable fashion compared to previous methods. The workflow combines protein digestion using an 20 μm ID immobilized trypsin reactor with a polymeric layer of 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate-vinyl azlactone (HEMA-VDM), desalting on a polystyrene-divinylbenzene (PS-DVB) monolithic trap column and subsequent separation of resulting peptides on a 10 μm ID (PS-DVB) porous layer open tubular (PLOT) column. The high resolution of the PLOT columns was maintained in the on-line system, resulting in narrow chromatographic peaks of 3–5 seconds. The trypsin reactors provided repeatable performance and were compatible with long-term storage.
Identification of novel modifiers of Aβ toxicity by transcriptomic analysis in the fruitfly
Authors: Favrin G. , Bean D. M. , Bilsland E. , Boyer H. , Fischer B. E. , Russell S. , Crowther D. C. , Baylis H. A. , Oliver S. G. , Giannakou M. E.
Published: December 2013

The strongest risk factor for developing Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is age. Here, we study the relationship between ageing and AD using a systems biology approach that employs a Drosophila (fruitfly) model of AD in which the flies overexpress the human Aβ42 peptide. We identified 712 genes that are differentially expressed between control and Aβ-expressing flies. We further divided these genes according to how they change over the animal's lifetime and discovered that the AD-related gene expression signature is age-independent. We have identified a number of differentially expressed pathways that are likely to play an important role in the disease, including oxidative stress and innate immunity. In particular, we uncovered two new modifiers of the Aβ phenotype, namely Sod3 and PGRP-SC1b.
Selection of a DNA aptamer for cadmium detection based on cationic polymer mediated aggregation of gold nanoparticles
Authors: Wu Yuangen , Zhan Shenshan , Wang Lumei , Zhou Pei
Published: December 2013

The DNA aptamer toward cadmium was selected by a novel SELEX strategy and further considered as a recognition element for the colorimetric detection of Cd(ii).
Label-free electrochemiluminescence detection of specific-sequence DNA based on DNA probes capped ion nanochannels
Authors: Xiong Haitao , Zheng Xingwang
Published: December 2013

A label-free electrochemiluminescence method for detecting specific-sequence DNA has been developed based on DNA probes capped ion nanochannels. This method is simple, inexpensive, and can be potentially expanded for the design of different types of ECL aptasensors.
Femtogram detection of cytokines in a direct dot-blot assay using SERS microspectroscopy and hydrophilically stabilized Au–Ag nanoshells
Authors: Wang Yuling , Salehi Mohammad , Schütz Max , Schlücker Sebastian
Published: December 2013

Rapid duplex detection of cytokines at femtogram levels in a direct dot-blot assay is demonstrated by using hydrophilically stabilized Au–Ag nanoshells and SERS.
Ligand promoted Pd-catalyzed dehydrogenative alkenylation of hetereoarenes
Authors: Lee Wei-Chih , Wang Ting-Hsuan , Ong Tiow-Gan
Published: December 2013

An efficient Pd-catalyzed cross-dehydrogenative coupling of heteroarenes with alkenes has been developed. This alkenylation paradigm encompasses a wide range of substrates and provides a straightforward approach toward C2-E-alkenylated azole motifs.
A nonlinear approach to surface-enhanced sensing in the short-wave infrared
Authors: Turley H. K. , Camden J. P.
Published: December 2013

Surface-enhanced hyper-Raman scattering is extended to the short-wave infrared demonstrating its potential for chemical analysis and molecular imaging.
Synthesis of porous upconverting luminescence α-NaYF4:Ln3+ microspheres and their potential applications as carriers
Authors: Lv Changjian , Di Weihua , Liu Zhihe , Zheng Kezhi , Qin Weiping
Published: December 2013

The present work reports a self-sacrificing template strategy to synthesize porous α-NaYF4 microspheres via the reaction of as-prepared Y(OH)CO3·H2O@SiO2 with NH4F and NaNO3 solutions.
Biopolymer based nanocomposite ionogels: high performance, sustainable and solid electrolytes
Authors: Buchtová Nela , Guyomard-Lack Aurélie , Le Bideau Jean
Published: December 2013

Ionogels based on a chemically cross-linked polysaccharide matrix and a hydrophobic ionic liquid offer a sustainable alternative to petrochemical-based polymer electrolytes.
The ZupT transporter plays an important role in zinc homeostasis and contributes to Salmonella enterica virulence
Authors: Cerasi Mauro , Liu Janet Z. , Ammendola Serena , Poe Adam J. , Petrarca Patrizia , Pesciaroli Michele , Pasquali Paolo , Raffatellu Manuela , Battistoni Andrea
Published: December 2013

Infection studies show that ZupT contributes toSalmonellametal uptakein vivoindependently of the presence of a functional Nramp1 transporter.
Investigation of the elimination of VOC mixtures over a Pd-loaded V-doped TiO2 support
Authors: Barakat T. , Rooke J. C. , Cousin R. , Lamonier J.-F. , Giraudon J.-M. , Su B.-L. , Siffert S.
Published: December 2013

Mixing butanone and toluene enhances their elimination over a Pd/5%V-TiO2 catalyst and reduces the formation of toxic reaction by-products.
Brønsted acid catalyzed intramolecular benzylic cyclizations of alkylpyridines
Authors: Lansakara Ashabha I. , Farrell Daniel P. , Pigge F. Christopher
Published: December 2013

Aldehyde and ketone electrophiles incorporated into the side chains of 2- and 4-alkylpyridines participate in intramolecular aldol-like condensations with pyridine benzylic carbons in the presence of Brønsted acid catalysts.
Emulsifier-free, organotellurium-mediated living radical emulsion polymerization (emulsion TERP) of styrene: poly(dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate) macro-TERP agent
Authors: Kitayama Yukiya , Okubo Masayoshi
Published: December 2013

Emulsifier-free, organotellurium-mediated living radical emulsion polymerization of styrene was successfully carried out using poly(dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate)–n-butyl tellanyl as control agent and 4,4′-azobis(2-amidinopropane) hydrochloride as initiator.
Mechanism of aluminium incorporation into C–S–H from ab initio calculations
Authors: Pegado Luís , Labbez Christophe , Churakov Sergey V.
Published: December 2013

Al substitution in calcium silicate hydrate (C–S–H) in novel, low CO2cementitious materials takes place in bridging tetrahedral positions only.
Enhanced photocatalytic H2 evolution on ZnS loaded with graphene and MoS2 nanosheets as cocatalysts
Authors: Zhu Bolin , Lin Bizhou , Zhou Yi , Sun Ping , Yao Qianru , Chen Yilin , Gao Bifen
Published: December 2013

Efficient electron transfer for high photocatalytic H2 evolution was obtained by immobilizing ZnS nanoparticles on the nanosheets of graphene and MoS2.
A fulleropyrrolidine–squaraine blue dyad: synthesis and application as an organic light detector
Authors: Salice Patrizio , Ronchi Elisabetta , Iacchetti Antonio , Binda Maddalena , Natali Dario , Gomulya Widianta , Manca Marianna , Loi Maria Antonietta , Iurlo Matteo , Paolucci Francesco , Maggini Michele , Pagani Giorgio A. , Beverina Luca , Menna Enzo
Published: December 2013

A fulleropyrrolidine–squaraine dyad enables the preparation of efficient single component organic photodiodes.
Preparation of 4-dicyanomethylene-2,6-distyryl-4H-pyran derivatives, their functional polystyrenes and study of their different aggregation induced emission behaviors
Authors: Zhang You-Hao , Gu Pei-Yang , Zhou Jie-Bo , Xu Yu-Jie , Liu Wu , Gu Qian-Feng , Chen Dong-Yun , Li Na-Jun , Xu Qing-Feng , Lu Jian-Mei
Published: December 2013

Two pyran derivatives possessing different charge transfers were introduced to polystyreneviaATRP and their aggregation emission differed a lot.
Mechanism of the reduction and energy transfer between Eu2+ and Eu3+ in Eu-doped CaAl2Si2O8 materials prepared in air
Authors: Dai W. B.
Published: December 2013

CaAl2Si2O8: Eu material prepared under an air atmosphere shows coexistence of two different valence states of Eu as evidenced by the different emitting color (pink and white-bluish).
Managing an IT carve-out at a multi-national enterprise
Authors: Fähling Jens , Leimeister Jan Marco , Yetton Philip , Krcmar Helmut
Published: December 2013

Mergers, acquisitions and divestments, including the carve-outs of business units or parts of them, are standard strategies used by multi-divisional organizations to adjust their business portfolios. Carve-out projects are critically dependent on their management of IT. Systems, which have been integrated in order to deliver seamless and efficient IT operations, must now be pulled apart under demanding time and compliance constraints. In 2007, Delta IT Consulting (DIC), one of France's biggest IT-service provider, sold one of its three service provider divisions, IT Product Services. This division employed about 3500 employees in 20 countries and previously generated 0.7 billion of DIC's €3.8 billion revenues. DIC itself is a division of Delta Corporation – a French high-tech company and leading player in a wide array of businesses, industries and countries around the world. This teaching case challenges the reader to analyze and manage the IT carve-out as a critical component within the divestment project. The case includes insights into strategic and organizational challenges of planning and managing an IT carve-out project.
Quantum effects and anharmonicity in the H2-Li+-benzene complex: A model for hydrogen storage materials
Authors: Kolmann Stephen J. , D'Arcy Jordan H. , Jordan Meredith J. T.
Published: December 2013

Quantum and anharmonic effects are investigated in H2-Li+-benzene, a model for hydrogen adsorption in metal-organic frameworks and carbon-based materials. Three- and 8-dimensional quantum diffusion Monte Carlo (QDMC) and rigid-body diffusion Monte Carlo (RBDMC) simulations are performed on potential energy surfaces interpolated from electronic structure calculations at the M05-2X/6-31+G(d,p) and M05-2X/6-311+G(2df,p) levels of theory using a three-dimensional spline or a modified Shepard interpolation. These calculations investigate the intermolecular interactions in this system, with three- and 8-dimensional 0 K H2 binding enthalpy estimates, ΔHbind (0 K), being 16.5 kJ mol−1 and 12.4 kJ mol−1, respectively: 0.1 and 0.6 kJ mol−1 higher than harmonic values. Zero-point energy effects are 35% of the value of ΔHbind (0 K) at M05-2X/6-311+G(2df,p) and cannot be neglected; uncorrected electronic binding energies overestimate ΔHbind (0 K) by at least 6 kJ mol−1. Harmonic intermolecular binding enthalpies can be corrected by treating the H2 “helicopter” and “ferris wheel” rotations as free and hindered rotations, respectively. These simple corrections yield results within 2% of the 8-dimensional anharmonic calculations. Nuclear ground state probability density histograms obtained from the QDMC and RBDMC simulations indicate the H2 molecule is delocalized above the Li+-benzene system at 0 K.
Spin-rotation and NMR shielding constants in HCl
Authors: Jaszuński Michał , Repisky Michal , Demissie Taye B. , Komorovsky Stanislav , Malkin Elena , Ruud Kenneth , Garbacz Piotr , Jackowski Karol , Makulski Włodzimierz
Published: December 2013

The spin-rotation and nuclear magnetic shielding constants are analysed for both nuclei in the HCl molecule. Nonrelativistic ab initio calculations at the CCSD(T) level of approximation show that it is essential to include relativistic effects to obtain spin-rotation constants consistent with accurate experimental data. Our best estimates for the spin-rotation constants of 1H35Cl are CCl  = −53.914 kHz and CH  = 42.672 kHz (for the lowest rovibrational level). For the chlorine shielding constant, the ab initio value computed including the relativistic corrections, σ(Cl) = 976.202 ppm, provides a new absolute shielding scale; for hydrogen we find σ(H) = 31.403 ppm (both at 300 K). Combining the theoretical results with our new gas-phase NMR experimental data allows us to improve the accuracy of the magnetic dipole moments of both chlorine isotopes. For the hydrogen shielding constant, including relativistic effects yields better agreement between experimental and computed values.
On the role of the simplest S-nitrosothiol, HSNO, in atmospheric and biological processes
Authors: Hochlaf Majdi , Linguerri Roberto , Francisco Joseph S.
Published: December 2013

Using state-of-the-art theoretical methods, we investigate the lowest electronic states of singlet and triplet spin multiplicities of HSNO. These computations are done using configuration interaction ab initio methods and the aug-cc-pV5Z basis set. One-dimensional cuts of the six-dimensional potential energy surfaces of these electronic states along the HS, SN stretches and HSN, SNO bending and torsion coordinates are calculated. Several avoided crossings and conical intersections are found. We computed also radiative lifetimes and spin-orbit couplings of these electronic states. Our work shows that the dynamics on these excited states is very complex, and suggest that multi-step mechanisms will populate the ground state via radiationless processes or lead to predissociation or intramolecular isomerization. For instance, these potentials are used to propose mechanisms for the IR, Vis, and UV light-induced cis-trans interconversions of HSNO and reactivity towards HS + NO and H + SNO products. Our findings are in good agreement with previous experimental studies on the photochemistry of HSNO. The atmospheric implication of HSNO is also discussed.
Deformations of polyhedra and polygons by the unitary group
Authors: Livine Etera R.
Published: December 2013

We introduce the set of framed (convex) polyhedra with N faces as the symplectic quotient \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\begin{document}${\mathbb {C}}^{2N}//\mathrm{SU}(2)$\end{document}C2N// SU (2). A framed polyhedron is then parametrized by N spinors living in \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\begin{document}${\mathbb {C}}^{2}$\end{document}C2 satisfying suitable closure constraints and defines a usual convex polyhedron plus extra U(1) phases attached to each face. We show that there is a natural action of the unitary group U(N) on this phase space, which changes the shape of faces and allows to map any (framed) polyhedron onto any other with the same total (boundary) area. This identifies the space of framed polyhedra to the Grassmannian space U(N)/ (SU(2)×U(N−2)). We show how to write averages of geometrical observables (polynomials in the faces' area and the angles between them) over the ensemble of polyhedra (distributed uniformly with respect to the Haar measure on U(N)) as polynomial integrals over the unitary group and we provide a few methods to compute these integrals systematically. We also use the Itzykson-Zuber formula from matrix models as the generating function for these averages and correlations. In the quantum case, a canonical quantization of the framed polyhedron phase space leads to the Hilbert space of SU(2) intertwiners (or, in other words, SU(2)-invariant states in tensor products of irreducible representations). The total boundary area as well as the individual face areas are quantized as half-integers (spins), and the Hilbert spaces for fixed total area form irreducible representations of U(N). We define semi-classical coherent intertwiner states peaked on classical framed polyhedra and transforming consistently under U(N) transformations. And we show how the U(N) character formula for unitary transformations is to be considered as an extension of the Itzykson-Zuber to the quantum level and generates the traces of all polynomial observables over the Hilbert space of intertwiners. We finally apply the same formalism to two dimensions and show that classical (convex) polygons can be described in a similar fashion trading the unitary group for the orthogonal group. We conclude with a discussion of the possible (deformation) dynamics that one can define on the space of polygons or polyhedra. This work is a priori useful in the context of discrete geometry but it should hopefully also be relevant to (loop) quantum gravity in 2+1 and 3+1 dimensions when the quantum geometry is defined in terms of gluing of (quantized) polygons and polyhedra.
Understanding tetrahedral liquids through patchy colloids
Authors: Saika-Voivod Ivan , Smallenburg Frank , Sciortino Francesco
Published: December 2013

We investigate the structural properties of a simple model for tetrahedral patchy colloids in which the patch width and the patch range can be tuned independently. For wide bond angles, a fully bonded network can be generated by standard Monte Carlo or molecular dynamics simulations of the model, providing a good method for generating defect-free random tetrahedral networks. This offers the possibility of focusing on the role of the patch angular width on the structure of the fully bonded network. The analysis of the fully bonded configurations as a function of the bonding angle shows how the bonding angle controls the system compressibility, the strength of the pre-peak in the structure factor, and ring size distribution. Comparison with models of liquid water and silica allows us to find the best mapping between these continuous potentials and the colloidal one. Building on previous studies focused on the connection between angular range and crystallization, the mapping makes it possible to shed new light on the glass-forming ability of network-forming tetrahedral liquids.
Effects of discharge chamber length on the negative ion generation in volume-produced negative hydrogen ion source
Authors: Chung Kyoung-Jae , Jung Bong-Ki , An YoungHwa , Dang Jeong-Jeung , Hwang Y. S.
Published: December 2013

In a volume-produced negative hydrogen ion source, control of electron temperature is essential due to its close correlation with the generation of highly vibrationally excited hydrogen molecules in the heating region as well as the generation of negative hydrogen ions by dissociative attachment in the extraction region. In this study, geometric effects of the cylindrical discharge chamber on negative ion generation via electron temperature changes are investigated in two discharge chambers with different lengths of 7.5 cm and 11 cm. Measurements with a radio-frequency-compensated Langmuir probe show that the electron temperature in the heating region is significantly increased by reducing the length of the discharge chamber due to the reduced effective plasma size. A particle balance model which is modified to consider the effects of discharge chamber configuration on the plasma parameters explains the variation of the electron temperature with the chamber geometry and gas pressure quite well. Accordingly, H− ion density measurement with laser photo-detachment in the short chamber shows a few times increase compared to the longer one at the same heating power depending on gas pressure. However, the increase drops significantly as operating gas pressure decreases, indicating increased electron temperatures in the extraction region degrade dissociative attachment significantly especially in the low pressure regime. It is concluded that the increase of electron temperature by adjusting the discharge chamber geometry is efficient to increase H− ion production as long as low electron temperatures are maintained in the extraction region in volume-produced negative hydrogen ion sources.
Evidence for structural crossover in the supercritical state
Authors: Bolmatov Dima , Brazhkin V. V. , Fomin Yu. D. , Ryzhov V. N. , Trachenko K.
Published: December 2013

The state of matter above the critical point is terra incognita, and is loosely discussed as a physically homogeneous flowing state where no differences can be made between a liquid and a gas and where properties undergo no marked or distinct changes with pressure and temperature. In particular, the structure of supercritical state is currently viewed to be the same everywhere on the phase diagram, and to change only gradually and in a featureless way while moving along any temperature and pressure path above the critical point. Here, we demonstrate that this is not the case, but that there is a well-defined structural crossover instead. Evidenced by the qualitative changes of distribution functions of interatomic distances and angles, the crossover demarcates liquid-like and gas-like configurations and the presence of medium-range structural correlations. Importantly, the discovered structural crossover is closely related to both dynamic and thermodynamic crossovers operating in the supercritical state, providing new unexpected fundamental interlinks between the supercritical structure, dynamics, and thermodynamics.
Fullerene-rare gas mixed plasmas in an electron cyclotron resonance ion source
Authors: Asaji T. , Ohba T. , Uchida T. , Minezaki H. , Ishihara S. , Racz R. , Muramatsu M. , Biri S. , Kitagawa A. , Kato Y. , Yoshida Y.
Published: December 2013

A synthesis technology of endohedral fullerenes such as Fe@C60 has developed with an electron cyclotron resonance (ECR) ion source. The production of N@C60 was reported. However, the yield was quite low, since most fullerene molecules were broken in the ECR plasma. We have adopted gas-mixing techniques in order to cool the plasma and then reduce fullerene dissociation. Mass spectra of ion beams extracted from fullerene-He, Ar or Xe mixed plasmas were observed with a Faraday cup. From the results, the He gas mixing technique is effective against fullerene destruction.
Control of domain wall motion at vertically etched nanotrench in ferromagnetic nanowires
Authors: Narayanapillai Kulothungasagaran , Yang Hyunsoo
Published: December 2013

We study field-induced domain wall motion in permalloy nanowires with vertically etched nanotrench pinning site. Micromagnetic simulations and electrical measurements are employed to characterize the pinning potential at the nanotrench. It is found that the potential profile for a transverse wall significantly differs from that of a vortex wall, and there is a correlation between the pinning strength and the potential profile. Reliable domain wall pinning and depinning is experimentally observed from a nanotrench in permalloy nanowires. This demonstrates the suitability of the proposed nanotrench pinning sites for domain wall device applications.
Conductivity behavior of very thin gold films ruptured by mass transport in photosensitive polymer film
Authors: Linde Felix , Sekhar Yadavalli Nataraja , Santer Svetlana
Published: December 2013

We report on conductivity behavior of very thin gold layer deposited on a photosensitive polymer film. Under irradiation with light interference pattern, the azobenzene containing photosensitive polymer film undergoes deformation at which topography follows a distribution of intensity, resulting in the formation of a surface relief grating. This process is accompanied by a change in the shape of the polymer surface from flat to sinusoidal together with a corresponding increase in surface area. The gold layer placed above deforms along with the polymer and ruptures at a strain of 4%. The rupturing is spatially well defined, occurring at the topographic maxima and minima resulting in periodic cracks across the whole irradiated area. We have shown that this periodic micro-rupturing of a thin metal film has no significant impact on the electrical conductivity of the films. We suggest a model to explain this phenomenon and support this by additional experiments where the conductivity is measured in a process when a single nanoscopic scratch is formed with an AFM tip. Our results indicate that in flexible electronic materials consisting of a polymer support and an integrated metal circuit, nano- and micro cracks do not alter significantly the behavior of the conductivity unless the metal is disrupted completely.
Effects of Nb doping level on the electronic transport, photoelectric effect and magnetoresistance across La0.5Ca0.5MnO3/Nb:SrTiO3 junctions
Authors: Wang J. F. , Jiang Y. C. , Chen M. G. , Gao J.
Published: December 2013

Heterojunctions composed of La0.5Ca0.5MnO3 and Nb doped SrTiO3 were fabricated, and the effects of the Nb doping level on their electronic transport, photoelectric effect, and magnetoresistance were investigated. A lower doping concentration of Nb led to better rectifying properties and higher open circuit voltages. The I-V curves for La0.5Ca0.5MnO3/0.7 wt. % Nb-SrTiO3 showed a negligible response to magnetic fields for all temperatures, whereas La0.5Ca0.5MnO3/0.05 wt. % Nb-SrTiO3 exhibited distinct magnetoresistance, which depended on both the bias voltage and temperature. These results are discussed with the assistance of conventional semiconductor theories.
Mode analysis of photonic crystal L3 cavities in self-suspended lithium niobate membranes
Authors: Diziain Séverine , Geiss Reinhard , Zilk Matthias , Schrempel Frank , Kley Ernst-Bernhard , Tünnermann Andreas , Pertsch Thomas
Published: December 2013

We report on a multimodal analysis of photonic crystal L3 cavities milled in lithium niobate free-standing membranes. The classical L3 cavity geometry is compared to an L3 cavity containing a second lattice superimposed on the primary one. Those two different geometries are investigated in terms of vertical radiation and quality (Q) factor for each mode of the cavities. Depending on the cavity geometry, some modes undergo an enhancement of their vertical radiation into small angles while other modes experience a higher Q factor. Experimental characterizations are corroborated by three-dimensional finite difference time domain simulations.
Surface Modification of Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes with Engineered Self-Assembled RAFT Diblock Coatings
Authors: Liu Yue , Hao Xiaojuan , Waddington Lynne J. , Qiu Jieshan , Hughes Timothy C.
Published: December 2013

A facile method to modify the surface of multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) via electrostatic interactions between polyelectrolytes and oxidized MWCNTs was developed. Diblock copolymers containing poly[2-(methacryloyloxy)ethyltrimethylammonium chloride] (PMETAC), a positively charged block, and poly(ethylene glycol) methacrylate (PEGMA), a neutral block, with tailored molecular weights and low polydispersities were synthesized by reversible addition–fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization. Acid treated-MWCNTs were coated with the RAFT diblock copolymers to improve their dispersibility in aqueous phosphate buffered saline (PBS) solution. The short positively charged PMETAC block was designed to attach the block copolymers to the surface of MWCNTs via electrostatic interactions, whereas the PEGMA block improved dispersibility of the MWCNTs in aqueous solutions. Extensive screening of the diblock copolymers with different degrees of polymerization (DP) showed that the dispersion stability of the polymer-coated MWCNTs in PBS was greatly improved with increasing chain length of the PEGMA block. In particular, the MWCNTs coated with a diblock copolymer containing PEGMA (DP = 118, the longest block investigated) showed superior dispersion stability in both water and PBS solution.
Photoinduced Bending Behaviour of Cross-linked Liquid Crystalline Polymers with High Cross-linking Densities
Authors: Jiang Zhen , Lv Jiu-an , Chen Futao , Wei Jia , Yu Yanlei
Published: December 2013

Highly cross-linked liquid crystalline polymer (CLCP) films with a long spacer and azobenzene chromophores (of varying concentrations and positioned differently) were prepared. The effects of various factors on the photoinduced bending behaviour of the highly CLCPs were explored. Long spacer groups and high cross-linking density resulted in considerably faster bending of the CLCP films relative to those reported in the literature that feature shorter spacer groups and smaller cross-linking densities. The azobenzene chromophores at the cross-linking points significantly influenced the photoinduced bending behaviour of the CLCP films relative to those at side chains. Furthermore, reduced concentrations of the azobenzene chromophores produced faster bending and larger photoinduced stress of the CLCP films that contained chromophores at the side chains as opposed to those incorporating chromophores at the cross-linking points. Moreover, the CLCP film with relatively low azobenzene concentration and small thickness exhibited bending in the reverse direction following maximum bending under continuous UV irradiation, thereby showing that photomobile behaviour of the material system.
Psychological Concepts and Biological Psychiatry
Authors: Zachar Peter
Published: December 2013

This interdisciplinary work addresses the question, What role should psychological conceptualization play for thinkers who believe that the brain is the organ of the mind? It offers readers something unique both by systematically comparing the writings of eliminativist philosophers of mind with the writings of the most committed proponents of biological psychiatry, and by critically scrutinizing their shared “anti-anthropomorphism” from the standpoint of a diagnostician and therapist. Contradicting the contemporary assumption that common sense psychology has already been proven futile, and we are just waiting for an adequate scientifically-based replacement, this book provides explicit philosophical and psychological arguments showing why, if they did not already have both cognitive and psychodynamic psychologies, philosophers and scientists would have to invent them to better understand brains. (Series A)
Caging the Beast
Authors: Droege Paula
Published: December 2013

A major obstacle for materialist theories of the mind is the problem of sensory consciousness. How could a physical brain produce conscious sensory states that exhibit the rich and luxurious qualities of red velvet, a Mozart concerto or fresh-brewed coffee? Caging the Beast: A Theory of Sensory Consciousness offers to explain what these conscious sensory states have in common, by virtue of being conscious as opposed to unconscious states. After arguing against accounts of consciousness in terms of higher-order representation of mental states, the theory claims that sensory consciousness is a special way we have of representing the world. The book also introduces a way of thinking about subjectivity as separate and more fundamental than consciousness, and considers how this foundational notion can be developed into more elaborate varieties. An appendix reviews the connection between consciousness and attention with an eye toward providing a neuropsychological instantiation of the proposed theory. (Series A)
Curious Emotions
Authors: Ellis Ralph D.
Published: December 2013

Emotion drives all cognitive processes, largely determining their qualitative feel, their structure, and in part even their content. Action-initiating centers deep in the emotional brain ground our understanding of the world by enabling us to imagine how we could act relative to it, based on endogenous motivations to engage certain levels of energy and complexity. Thus understanding personality, cognition, consciousness and action requires examining the workings of dynamical systems applied to emotional processes in living organisms. If an object's meaning depends on its action affordances, then understanding intentionality in emotion or cognition requires exploring why emotion is the bridge between action and representational processes such as thought or imagery; and this requires integrating phenomenology with neurophysiology. The resulting viewpoint, "enactivism," entails specific new predictions, and suggests that emotions are about the self-initiated actions of dynamical systems, not reactive "responses" to external events; consciousness is more about motivated anticipation than reaction to inputs. (Series A)
Signs, Mind, and Reality
Authors: Shaumyan Sebastian
Published: December 2013

The book presents a new science of semiotic linguistics. The goal of semiotic linguistics is to discover what characterizes language as an intermediary between the mind and reality so that language creates the picture of reality we perceive. The cornerstone of semiotic linguistics is the discovery and resolution of language antinomies ­-contradictions between two apparently reasonable principles or laws. Language antinomies constitute the essence of language, and hence must be studied from both linguistic and philosophical points of view. The basic language antinomy which underlies all other antinomies is the antinomy between meaning and information. Both generative and classical linguistic theories are unaware of the need to distinguish between meaning and information. By confounding these notions they are unable to discover language antinomies and confine their research to naturalistic description of superficial language phenomena rather than the quest for the essence of language.(Series A)
The Transparent Becoming of World
Authors: Globus Gordon G.
Published: December 2013

The Transparent Becoming of World undertakes a penetrating inquiry into the quotidian world we take for granted and the brain that silently hoists our bubbles of world-thrownness. After critiquing the traditional views of direct realism, indirect realism and idealism, the continual becoming of world is explained by a novel integration of process dynamics, as formulated by Whitehead, Heidegger and Bohm, with the burgeoning field of quantum neurophilosophy. A rich ontological duality newly opened by quantum brain theory is exploited: the “between-two” of dual quantum modes. Existence as world-thrownness is between-two in waking and dreaming alike. This highly original interdisciplinary book may be of interest to philosophers, psychologists, neuroscientists, consciousness researchers, indeed anyone attracted to the enigma of their own lived existence. (Series A)
Writing Organization
Authors: Rhodes Carl
Published: December 2013

Carl Rhodes examines the implicit power of writing and authorship that is at play when people and organisations are (re)presented in research. To explore this, the book reports a research project in the area of organisational storytelling that investigates how people in one organisation used stories to (re)present their own learning experiences from the implementation of a quality management program. This research is written in three principal genres: autobiography, ethnography and a fictional short story. These (re)presentational strategies are reviewed to examine how different genres effect authority in different ways. Drawing extensively on the work of Mikhail Bakhtin and on writers associated with postmodernism and poststructuralism, the book offers a challenging discussion of what organisational research might be when the notion of the equivalence of reality and representation is radically questioned.
Approaches to Hungarian
Authors: Rákosi György
Published: December 2013

This volume contains eight papers, all presented at the 9th International Conference on the Structure of Hungarian (University of Debrecen, 2009), addressing a great variety of topics in the syntax, morphology, phonology, and semantics of Hungarian, and also offering discussion of related phenomena in other languages. The volume includes a syntax-based analysis of Hungarian external causatives in the framework of the Minimalist Program (MP); argumentation for the lack of phonological or acoustic evidence for secondary stress in Hungarian; an MP approach to a Hungarian modal construction with a counterfactual, reproaching reading; empirical arguments for assuming that in the case of embedded sentences factivity is irrelevant for syntax, and clauses are differentiated by referentiality; a comprehensive semantic account of result states in Hungarian; a claim that certain paradigmatic/morphophonological variation in the Hungarian verbal paradigm is caused by conflicting paradigmatic pressures; a purely interface-based MP account of the syntax of identificational focus in Hungarian; and an analysis of arbitrarily interpreted null subjects in Hungarian with third person, plural agreement on the finite and infinitival verb. The volume will be of interest not just to scholars working on Hungarian, but to a general audience of generative linguists.
Sprache und Dialektik in der Aristotelischen Philosophie
Authors: Rehn Rudolf
Published: December 2013

Entgegen der Ansicht, Aristoteles sei als Sprachphilosoph und -wissenschaftler “nur sehr wenig über Platon hinausgekommen” (H. Arens, R. Haller u.a.), will die vorliegende Untersuchung zeigen, daß Aristoteles einen tiefgreifenden Einschnitt in der Entwicklung der Sprachwissenschaft und -philosophie markiert. Er hat — in Grundzügen — die erste semantische Theorie entworfen, hat als erster eine Schrift über den (Aussage-) Satz verfaßt und hat in der Poetik den ersten systematischen Abriß einer wissenschaftlichen Grammatik vorgelegt.
Eine der wesentlichen Ursachen für den Fortschrift innerhalb der antiken sprachphilosophischen Forschung ist in der veränderten Einstellung zur Sprache zu sehen. Bei Aristoteles ist die Identität von Sprache und Denken weitgehend zerbrochen. War für Platon die Sprache noch das Medium, in dem sich jedwede Form der philosophischen Erkenntnis realisierte, so ist die Sprache für Aristoteles (bloß) Ausdruck des Denkens, symbolische Repräsentation von Inhalten der Seele. Hierdurch wurde die Voraussetzung dafür geschaffen, daî sich die Sprache als eigenständiger Gegenstand der Forschung etablieren konnte. Zugleich aber kam es bei Aristoteles zu einer Abwertung der Sprache und (im Zusammenhang damit) zu einer Neubewertung der Dialektik. Für Aristoteles bildet die Dialektik nicht mehr das Zentrum der Philosophie, sondern wird zu einem — allerdings unverzichtbaren — Instrument der philosophischen Forschung.
Philosophiehistorie als Rezeptionsgeschichte
Authors: Kamp Andreas
Published: December 2013

No single theoretician provoked a greater tradition of the reception of his thought throughout changing times and across diverse cultures than did Aristotle, and so Hegel, who calls him the ‘teacher of the human race’, well describes the man known for ages simply as ‘the philosopher’. The present volume examines from a philosophical-historical standpoint the intellect-theory of De Anima III 4-5, which stands in the center of the Aristotelian system and composes one of the most provocative Aristotelian theories. It concentrates on the critical engagement with Aristotle’s conception of nous in Theophrastus and his colleagues (Dicaearchus, Aristoxenus) and students (Demetrius of Phaleron, Menander, Erasistratus) in the Peripatos as well as in the Academic, Socratic, Epicurean and Stoic schools. The analysis of the relevant texts leads to a new assessment of Theophrastus’s philosophical-historical significance in the Aristotelian tradition and documents that in early Hellenism the Aristotelian theory itself played a surprisingly limited role, so that the loss of the original Aristotelian manuscripts as reported by Strabo and Plutarch — a matter hotly debated in recent studies — was of only marginal importance.

Kein Theoretiker provozierte über eine ähnlich lange Zeitspanne eine so intensive, kontinuierliche und multikulturelle Rezeption wie Aristoteles. Die Geschichte der Philosophie verlangt es daher geradezu, unter der Perspektive der ebenso konstanten wie vielgestaltigen Auseinandersetzung mit “dem Philosophen” analysiert zu werden. Den geeignetsten Kristallisationspunkt hierfür stellt die in “De Anima” G 4-5 präsentierte Nous-Theorie dar, denn zum einen stand sie im Zentrum des aristotelischen “Systems”, zum anderen handelt es sich bei ihr um die mit gröîter Kontinuität, höchster Intensität und unterschiedlichsten Resultaten rezipierte philosophische Theorie überhaupt.
Der vorliegende Band thematisiert, im Anschluî am die “Topographie” der aristotelischen Noetik, die frühhellenistische Resonanz. Den ersten Schwerpunkt bildet Theophrasts philosophisch-kritische Auseinandersetzung mit der Nous-Konzeption seines Lehrers, den zweiten die “De Anima”-Rezeption in der damaligen Philosophie-Szene, die im wesentlichen durch drie Gruppen konstituiert wurde: Theophrasts Kollegen im “Peripatos” (Dikaiarch, Aristoxenos); Theophrasts eingene Hörerschaft (Demetrios v. Phaleron, Menander, Erasistratos); und die zahlreichte philosophische Konkurrenz: die “Akademiker”, “Sokratiker”, und die Schulen Epikurs bzw. Zenons. Die Analyse der relevanten Texte führt erstens zu einder grundsätzlichen Neubewertung der philosophiehistorischen Position Theophrasts. Zweitens dokumentiert sie, daî die aristotelische Theorie entgegen der heutigen opinio communis gerade im Frühhellenismus eine erstaunlich bescheidene Rolle spielte. Rezeptionsgeschichtlich kommt dem von Strabon/Plutarch berichteten und in der neueren Forschung heiîdiskutierten Verlust der aristotelischen Originalmanuscripte deshalb allenfalls eine sekondäre Bedeutung zu.