bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
West Asian Conflicts and Indian Responses
Authors: Raj Christopher S.
Published: July 2017

In recent months significant developments have unfolded in the West Asian region. The Iran-Iraq War has again flared up dangerously. The Iranian allegations of Iraq using chemical weapons continues. Apart from the usual land, aerial and tanker warfare, the current phase of the Iraq-Iran war has witnessed the use of sophisticated missiles such as the Soviet-made Scud-B, surface-to-surface missile (SSM) by the Iranians. Reports strongly suggest that the Libyan's have transferred the Soviet-supplied Scud-B missiles to Iran. Indeed, the Arab world continues to be divided on Iran-Iraq. While Libya and Syria strongly support Iran in the war effort, Iraq has the support of the majority of the Arab states. The aggressive Israel has been humbled in Lebanon by the Shia resistance and already it has partially withdrawn from there. The Israeli claim of liquidation of the PLO in June 1982, through its so-called “operation Peace for Galilee” was really a myth as that resulted only in dividing the PLO into moderate and radical groups. While the moderates were in the upswing under the leadership of Yasser Arafat supported by pro-west Arab states, the radicals supported by the Syrians and Libyans did not go into oblivion. In fact, recently the radical groups have staged a come-back. The formation in early March '85 of a Syrian-sponsored anti-PLO, in the shape of a six faction “Palestinian National Salvation Front” (PNSEF), poses the gravest challenge yet to Arafat in all the years of his stewardship as the PLO's anointed leader. Meanwhile, the Syrian dominance of Lebanese politics was recently challenged by the Christian militiamen opposed to what they see as President Gemayel's growing subservience to the Syrians. The Syrians responded quickly by moving their forces into Lebanon to ensure that their gains were not jeopardised. Moreover, the Syrian gains in southern Lebanon are increasing because their supported Shia radical, guerrilla resistance movement has intensified in southern Lebanon causing heavy loss of life to the Israeli Defence Forces (IDF) and the decision to withdraw them at the earliest. Indeed, the Shia resistence movement is the first independent and successful Arab guerrilla movement in 70 years.
Diplomatic Apprenticeship: Pre-Independence Origins of Indian Diplomacy and Its Relevance for the Post-Independence Foreign Policy
Authors: Keenleyside T. A.
Published: July 2017

Over the decades of the Indian struggle for independence from Britain Indians had an opportunity, unique in length and scope among peoples emerging from colonial rule, to engage in nascent diplomatic activity. With an organized and articulate movement for independence in place by the 1880's, a sophisticated leadership that engaged in frequent international travel, opportunities afforded to Indians for many years prior to 1947 to work in various departments of the British Indian Civil Service that touched on matters of an international character, and with Indians attending sessions of the League of Nations and Imperial (Commonwealth) Conferences, a variety of means were available to them to gain experience at the international level over an extended period prior to independence. As a result, India emerged from colonial rule with both a reservoir of diplomatic talent and an incipient orientation for its diplomacy, including a range of general foreign policy goals. It was thereby better prepared than perhaps any other country which acquired its independence after World War II to take a prominent place on the global stage quickly and forcefully, and to influence the diplomacy of other countries that were in time to constitute the Third World. It is the purpose of this study, first to set out the nature of Indian participation in both unofficial and official diplomatic activity prior to independence and, then, to examine the implications of this experience for post-independence Indian foreign policy.
World Trade Patterns: an Empirical Study of Revealed Comparative Advantage Approach
Authors: Tiwari R. S. , Bhushri N. K.
Published: July 2017

The theory of international trade emphasises that trade of an economy is determined by the factors arising from internal supply and external demand. The factors on the internal supply front constitute the elements like, cost of production, behaviour of internal demand, tariff, taxes, subsidies and overall considerations of comparative cost advantages. Factors on the external demand side include such variables as the price, quality, marketing of the products, trade and production policies of the buyer countries and the mutual trade agreements and relations between and/or among the supplier and demanding countries. Over a period of time it was found that the non-oil developing countries were facing severe constraints to augment their exports particularly in the developed market economies. These constraints were quite often mainly due to comparative cost disadvantages, lack of competitiveness, lack of commodity correspondence and so on. This leads us to examine the state of comparative advantage across products vis-a-vis products' competitiveness and commodity correspondence over time. In the context of the above, the first section examines the structure of world trade, whereas section second reveals the state of comparative cost advantage. Sections third and fourth look into the nature of the country's competitiveness and complementarities across the various products. The commodity correspondence ratio that reflects the future prospects of trade cooperation is dealt in section five, whereas, policy prescription in order to enhance trade cooperation has been discussed in section six—the concluding remarks.
Evaluation of the Construct Validity of the Kamphaus-Reynolds Supplementary Scoring System for the K-ABC
Authors: Kline Rex B. , Snyder Joseph , Guilmette Sylvie , Castellanos Maria
Published: July 2017

R. W. Kamphaus and C. R. Reynolds developed a scoring system for the Kaufman Assessment Battery for Children (K-ABC) in which test users derive alternative summary scores, including General Intelligence, Verbal Intelligence, and Reading composites. In this study, we evaluated the construct validity of this supplementary scoring model with data from a sample of referred school-age children and from the K-ABC normative sample. Within the referred sample, we conducted a factor analysis to determine the joint factor structure of subtests from the K-ABC and other IQ and achievement measures. We evaluated within the normative sample the relative fits of the factor models implied by the original and Kamphaus-Reynolds scoring models to subtest inter-correlations. Our results supported the construct validity of only part of the Kamphaus-Reynolds scoring model.
Acculturation and Performance of Hispanics on Selected Halstead-Reitan Neuropsychological Tests
Authors: Arnold Bill R. , Montgomery Gary T. , Castañeda Irene , Longoria Robert
Published: July 2017

This study investigated the effect of acculturation on Halstead-Reitan neuropsychological test performances on nonimpaired Hispanics. The sample consisted of three groups of 50 subjects, representing distinct levels of acculturation: (a) Mexican-American, (b) Anglo-American, and (c) Mexican. A significant effect ( p > .05) for acculturation was found on several measures, including the Tactual Performance Test (TPT; Dominant, Nondominant, and Total), the Seashore Rhythm Test, and the Halstead Category Test. Measures not affected by acculturation were TPT Localization and Memory, Finger Tapping, and the Trail Making Test. Recommendations for further research and clinical implications of findings are discussed.
Validation of the NEO PI-R Observer Form for College Students: Toward a Paradigm for Studying Personality Development
Authors: Piedmont Ralph L.
Published: July 2017

Using correlational designs that included an evaluation of cross-observer convergence, research on the five-factor model of personality has documented it to be a robust, comprehensive taxonomy that remains extremely stable in adulthood. Because the cross-observer paradigm can also be useful for examining personality development in late adolescence, this study evaluated the reliability and construct validity of observer ratings on the Revised NEO Personality Inventory (NEO PI-R) in a sample of 101 college students. No such normative information is currently available. Each subject completed the NEO PI-R for themselves and had two individuals familiar to them complete the observer version. The results documented strong internal consistency for each rating scale and a factor structure which replicated previous findings using adult self-reports. Significant peer-peer and peer-self correlations were found as well as numerous cross-observer, cross-instrument convergence between the NEO PI-R ratings and self-reported scores on the Multidimensional Personality Questionnaire. The results also indicated the presence of a reverse acquaintanceship effect, where long-term friends provided less accurate ratings than more recent acquaintances.
Preliminary Standardization of the Cognitive Estimation Test
Authors: Axelrod Bradley N. , Millis Scott R.
Published: July 2017

A modification of the Cognitive Estimation Test (CET) by Shallice and Evans was developed to assist in the scoring and interpretation of this measure of problem solving. Two studies were presented. In Study 1, the modified CET that required numeric responses was administered to 164 employed adults. Deviation scores were derived from percentiles from mean performance of this sample. Total deviation scores were highest for the least educated group. Study 2 found CET deviation scores to be significantly higher for a severe traumatic brain injury group relative to a sample of medical outpatients. The normative and clinical data presented are meant to serve as a starting point for further validation of this new measure.
Response Consistency and the MMPI-2: Development of a Simplified Screening Scale
Authors: Sewell Kenneth W. , Rogers Richard
Published: July 2017

Random and inconsistent MMPI-2 profiles may be misconstrued as reflecting severe psychological impairment or feigning. To address this important issue, MMPI-2 protocols from 196 clinical outpatients were compared to 196 randomly generated protocols in a three-stage scale development procedure designed to detect inconsistent responding. A 16-item screening scale was derived on 200 protocols and cross-validated in two stages on the remaining protocols (102 and 90 protocols, respectively) with an overall accuracy of 94.4%. Performance of the new scale is discussed in relation to that of the traditional MMPI-2 measures of response consistency, particularly the VRIN and F. The new scale appears most useful as a screening measure given the ease of scoring; it reduces the need to score VRIN to a small fraction of cases. The relation between the new scale and F is strong in one of the current samples and awaits further comparisons to determine its relative effectiveness.
Identification of Special Education Needs With the Personality Inventory for Children (PIC): A Profile-Matching Strategy
Authors: Kline Rex B. , Lachar David , Gruber Christian P. , Boersma David C.
Published: July 2017

In earlier studies we developed a hierarchical classification model for the Personality Inventory for Children (PIC)—a parent-informant questionnaire of child adjustment status–intended for use in school settings. In the present study, we constructed and evaluated a profile-matching classification model that extends the usefulness of the PIC as a screening measure in school assessments. This model allows psychologists to determine the similarity of PIC profiles to the mean profile of children in regular classrooms and to the mean profiles of children who are learning disabled, emotionally-behaviorally disturbed, or mentally impaired. The overall accuracy of the profile-matching model was reasonable, and classification of children's PIC profiles by this model did not differ by race. We also present a case example that illustrates the application of the PIC in a school-related evaluation.
The Development and Validation of a Reliable Alternate Form for Raven's Standard Progressive Matrices
Authors: Johnson Nancy E. , Saccuzzo Dennis P. , Guertin Tracey L.
Published: July 2017

The development of an alternate form for Raven's Standard Progressive Matrices (SPM) Test is described. Items for each of the original 60 items of the SPM were developed to be comparable to the corresponding original items in terms of the underlying strategy and difficulty. An alternate form reliability analysis on a diverse group of 449 children (77 African-American, 122 Asian, 54 Filipino, 156 Latino/Hispanic, 38 white, and 2 other) showed an alternate form reliability coefficient of .90. Kuder-Richardson reliabilities of the newly developed alternate and the SPM were identical at .94: A Kolmogorov-Smirnov two-sample test, moreover, revealed no significant differences in central tendency, dispersion, and skewness for distributions of individual item difficulties. In addition, the two tests showed comparable predictive validity coefficients. The alternate form resolves one limitation of the SPM and could provide widespread utility as a research tool.
Ego-Strength, Hardiness, Self-Esteem, Self-Efficacy, Optimism, and Maladjustment: Health-Related Personality Constructs and the “Big Five” Model of Personality
Authors: Bernard Larry C. , Hutchison Steven , Lavin Alexander , Pennington Pamela
Published: July 2017

Six personality measures used in health psychology; the NEO Five-Factor Inventory (NEO-FFI) criterion measures of stress, self-reported health status, and coping; and a measure of social desirability were administered to samples of college students and adult community volunteers ( N = 589) in a series of four confirmatory and exploratory factor analytic studies. The hypothesis that the six independently developed personality measures of ego-strength, hardiness, self-esteem, self-efficacy, optimism, and maladjustment would share common variance and that a hierarchical factor model with a single, higher-order Health Proneness factor loading two lower-order factors—Self-Confidence and Adjustment—would account for the covariance in these measures was tested against single and three-factor models and confirmed. The factor model was examined with respect to general personality as represented in the “Big Five” Model. Adjustment was related negatively to NEO-FFI Neuroticism and positively to NEO-FFI Conscientiousness and Agreeableness, whereas Self-Confidence was related to NEO-FFI Extraversion. None of these relationships is extensive, nor does any one account for more than 40% of the variance. Evidence of the validity of Self-Confidence and Adjustment was found in their moderate relationships to measures of stress, health status, and coping, and in their weak relationships to social desirability and negative affectivity.
Brief Report: Assessing Clinical Significance Using the Inventory of Interpersonal Problems
Authors: Hansen Nathan B. , Lambert Michael J.
Published: July 2017

A great deal of attention has been focused on the symptomatic recovery of patients undergoing psychotherapy. Secondary to this is the degree to which psychotherapies affect patients’ interpersonal relations. The Inventory of Interpersonal Problems (IIP) is a self-report instrument developed to assess interpersonal difficulties. This study was conducted to establish cutoff scores for judging clinically significant improvement in patients' interpersonal functioning in studies of psychotherapy outcome. It was demonstrated that the IIP can distinguish among three groups, namely: (a) an asymptomatic community sample, (b) a student sample, and (c) a patient sample. Cutoff scores were established that allow researchers and clinicians to estimate the degree to which patients return to an average and ideal state of interpersonal functioning.
Reliability and Validity of the Revised Psychopathy Checklist in Women Methadone Patients
Authors: Rutherford Megan J. , Cacciola John S. , Alterman Arthur I. , McKay James R.
Published: July 2017

The Revised Psychopathy Checklist (PCL-R) has been found to be a reliable and valid measure of psychopathy in men prisoners. More recently the PCL-R has been shown to be a reliable instrument in assessing psychopathy in men methadone patients. To date, only two studies have reported on the reliability of the PCL-R with women prisoners and no published studies address the question of the reliability and validity of the PCL-R with women substance abusers. This investigation examines the homogeneity and internal consistency of the PCL-R in a sample of 58 women methadone patients. Additionally, the 1-month test-retest reliability was examined along with the relationship of the PCL-R to other diagnostic and self-report measures. Results show that the PCL-R appears to be a reliable and valid measure of psychopathy in women methadone patients.
Impact of Cognitive Function on MMPI-2 Validity in Neurologically Impaired Patients
Authors: Mittenberg Wiley , Tremont Geoffrey , Rayls Katrina R.
Published: July 2017

The Wechsler Memory Scale—Revised (WMS-R), Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Revised (WAIS-R), and Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Invcntory-2 (MMPI-2) were completed by 88 outpatients at a neuropsychology clinic who had diagnoses of central nervous system dysfunction. Extent of IQ, memory, or attention impairment were associated with elevations on MMPI-2 validity scales. Magnitude of estimated IQ loss separated valid from invalid profile groups more clearly than did obtained Full Scale IQ. Nonresponsivity to item content is probable when the patient scores below 70 on the WMS-R Memory or Attention/Concentration indexes, or earns a WAIS-R IQ that falls 20 points or more below expected premorbid level. These effects appear to be relatively independent of the patient's measured reading or intellectual levels. The MMPI-2 appears to provide valid information about the emotional status of patients with moderate and mild neurocognitive impairment.
Detection of Random Responding in MMPI-2 Protocols
Authors: Gallen Robert T. , Berry David T. R.
Published: July 2017

The present report represents a replication and extension of the Berry et al. (1991) study examining the utility of the standard second edition of the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI-2) validity indices for detecting random responding. Specifically, relative to Berry et al., this study employs methodological improvements and investigates recently proposed alternative indices for detecting random responding. Another improvement includes the use of Bayesian statistics, including positive predictive power, negative predictive power, and hit rates, to select various cutting scores across three base rates of random responding. Results suggested that all validity indices studied differed significantly between random and valid protocols, although certain indices provided for more optimal hit rates in terms of classification. It is concluded that the alternative index, Variable Response Inconsistency ( VRIN) scale plus the Infrequency ( F) scale minus the Infrequency Back ( FB) scale ( VRIN + | F - FB|) provided for the highest hit rate across all examined base rates of random responding. However, VRIN also provided for highly accurate classification rates and has specific advantages including the scale's repeated validation in the literature, its ease of use, and empirical findings suggesting that the scale is insensitive to overreporting.
The MMPI-A and Rorschach
Authors: Krishnamurthy Radhika , Archer Robert P. , House Joseph J.
Published: July 2017

The present study investigated the interrelationships among selected Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory for Adolescents (MMPI-A) and Rorschach variables in a clinical sample of 152 adolescents, taking into account the potential moderating role of Rorschach response frequency ( R). A series of hypotheses were presented based on a priori selection of 28 MMPI-A scales and 43 Rorschach variables corresponding to 13 specific construct areas. The results consistently indicated very limited associations between conceptually related MMPI-A and Rorschach variables for the total sample and for high R and low R subgroups. The results did not support the contention, proposed by Meyer, that R exerts a moderating influence on Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) and Rorschach relationships. Further analyses indicated that the interrelationships between the two measures continued to be minimal when response styles were concordant across the two methods of assessment and when participants were categorized by diagnosis. Suggestions for clinical assessment practice and future research are provided.
Clinical Use of Short Forms of the WAIS-R
Authors: Ehrenreich John H.
Published: July 2017

Five short forms of the revised edition of the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS-R) were compared for use with an inpatient population. Included among the five are two new forms, one using subtests useful in personality assessment, the other using subtests useful in neuropsychological assessment. Guidelines are proposed for choosing short forms. These involve consideration of trade-offs among administration time, accuracy of estimation of WAIS-R Full Scale IQ, and the clinical value of obtaining scores on specific subtests.
Computerized Administration of the Multidimensional Personality Questionnaire
Authors: DiLalla David L.
Published: July 2017

A computer-administered (CA) form of the Multidimensional Personality Questionnaire (MPQ) was created.1 Respondents' scores on the CA form were compared to those of individuals who took the MPQ under standard paper-and-pencil (PP) conditions. Reliability analysis showed high internal consistency for the CA form of the MPQ and exploratory factor analyses showed a high degree of structural consistency with past findings. Multivariate analyses indicated no group differences between CA and PP groups on the MPQ's primary factor scales or higher order factor scales. Likelihood of profile invalidity, particularly for men, was decreased as a result of fewer skipped items and lower carelessness and variability in the CA condition. Gender differences consistent with previous research were obtained.
Portland Digit Recognition Test Performance by Brain Dysfunction Patients without Financial Incentives
Authors: Binder Laurence M. , Kelly Mark P.
Published: July 2017

The Portland Digit Recognition Test (PDRT) is a neuropsychological measure of motivation. In an extension of previous work, we report PDRT data on 120 patients with brain dysfunction who had no financial incentives for their performance. Percentile distributions, sensitivity and specificity data, and cognitive and demographic correlates are reported. Age, race, and etiology of brain dysfunction (traumatic or nontraumatic) were unrelated to PDRT performance. Education level was significantly related to PDRT scores. Although IQ and verbal memory performance were related to PDRT scores, the PDRT cutoff scores appear valid for brain dysfunction patients with severe cognitive dysfunction.
An Empirical Comparison of the Wechsler Memory Scale-Revised and the Memory Assessment Scales in Measuring Four Memory Constructs
Authors: Hilsabeck Robin C. , Dunn John T. , Lees-Haley Paul R.
Published: July 2017

Thirty participants were administered both the Wechsler Memory Scale-Revised (WMS-R) and the Memory Assessment Scales (MAS). Participants' standard (index) scores from each battery were compared across the same four memory constructs: Verbal Memory; Visual Memory; General/Global Memory; and WMS-R Attention and concentration and MAS Short-term Memory. The MAS yielded significantly lower mean standard scores across all four memory constructs. The largest difference between mean standard scores was found on Visual Memory in which the MAS mean was over one standard deviation lower than the WMS-R mean. Correlations between the MAS and the WMS-R mean standard scores were not significant on the Visual Memory and the General/Global Memory construct. Although the WMS-R and the MAS purport to measure the same memory constructs, these results suggest that they are measuring different abilities and are not comparable tests.
Psychometric Properties of the Embedded and Stand-Alone Versions of the MMPI-2 Keane PTSD Scale
Authors: Herman Debra S. , Weathers Frank W. , Litz Brett T. , Keane Terence M.
Published: July 2017

This study investigated the comparability of the embedded and stand-alone versions of the Keane Posttraumatic Stress Disorder scale ( PK scale) of the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2 (MMPI-2). Participants were 123 Vietnam theater veterans, 68 of whom (55%) were diagnosed with war zone-related posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). In separate testing sessions scheduled two to three days apart, all participants first completed the full MMPI-2 followed by the 46 PK scale items administered in a stand-alone format. Sixty participants completed the stand-alone version again in a third session. In addition, all participants were administered the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-III-R (SCID), including the PTSD module, and completed a number of other questionnaire measures of combat exposure and PTSD. Results indicated that the embedded and stand-alone versions of the MMPI-2 PK scale are quite comparable in terms of mean scores, internal consistency, convergent validity, and diagnostic utility. Use of the standalone version is indicated for assessment applications in which the full MMPI-2 cannot be administered.
The Rivermead Behavioural Memory Test and Wechsler Memory Scale-Revised: Relationship to Everyday Memory Impairment
Authors: Koltai Deborah C. , Bowler Rosemarie M. , Bowler Rosemarie M.
Published: July 2017

Investigations questioning the ecological validity of standardized neuropsychological instruments have led to the development of tests that are purported to be relevant to everyday functioning. The present investigation examined the relationships of the Rivermead Behavioural Memory Test (RBMT) and the Wechsler Memory Scale-Revised (WMS-R) to estimates of everyday memory functioning, as measured by patient and relative ratings on the Everyday Memory Questionnaire (EMQ). The research participants consisted of a group allegedly exposed to neurotoxicants (n = 29), and a demographically similar comparison group ( n = 20). Results indicated that the two objective memory tests did not significantly differ in their relationships to estimates of everyday memory functioning, and that use of the tests together did not improve prediction of memory complaints over the use of one test alone. In addition, patient and relative ratings were highly correlated. These results are discussed within the context of the validity of patient and relative rating scales as estimates of everyday memory impairment.
Operating Characteristics of the neurobehavioral cognitive Status Exam Using Neuropsychological Assessment as the Criterion
Authors: Karzmark Peter
Published: July 2017

This study examined the performance characteristics of the Neurobehavioral Cognitive Status Exam (NCSE) using comprehensive neuropsychological assessment as the criterion. Sensitivity and specificity were assessed for the NCSE as a whole and for the individual subtests as measures of discrete cognitive abilities. The sample consisted of 50 consecutive outpatient referrals to the neuropsychological assessment service of a general medical hospital. Most of the patients in the sample had mild or moderate cognitive dysfunction.

The sensitivity and specificity of the NCSE as a whole were .74 and .86, respectively. The sensitivity of the individual NCSE subtests was lower, ranging from .20 to .48. Specificity of subtests was high (.64 to .97). The results suggest that the operating characteristics of the NCSE depend significantly on the severity and nature of the sample assessed and the criterion used. They also indicate the need for caution in using NCSE subtest performance as a basis for concluding that specific cognitive abilities are normal.
Assessment of Supportive, Conflicted, and Controlling Dimensions of Family Functioning: A Principal Components Analysis of Family Environment Scale Subscales in a College Sample
Authors: Kronenberger William G. , Thompson Robert J. , Morrow Catherine
Published: July 2017

A principal components analysis of the Family Environment Scale (FES) was performed on a sample of 113 university undergraduates. Although the FES is extensively used to assess family environment, little research has investigated the empirical combination of FES subscales into composites. Results supported three broad components encompassing the 10 FES subscales; these components replicated previous findings in other samples. The similarity of results across these groups supports generalization of the FES components to college samples.
Validity of a Simplified Target Complaints Measure
Authors: Deane Frank P. , Spicer John , Todd David M.
Published: July 2017

Target complaints measures have been used frequently as measures of psychotherapy outcome, but lack adequate concurrent validity data and suffer a number of methodological problems. In the present study, a simplified written version of a client- and therapist-rated target complaints measure was completed along with a variety of other commonly used outcome measures on 138 clients at the beginning of psychotherapy and then at 2 months' follow-up. Although client and therapist severity ratings were positively correlated, there was some inconsistency between the content of client and therapist complaints. Strong support was found for the concurrent validity of the target complaints measures. Both client and therapist ratings of target complaints significantly correlated with measures of anxiety, psychological distress, symptom severity, and client satisfaction. However, the magnitude of the correlations suggested that target complaints measures offered unique problem information in addition to the other outcome measures and were an economical adjunct.
Use of the MMPI-2 Personality Disorder Scales in the Assessment of DSM-IV Antisocial, Borderline, and Narcissistic Personality Disorders
Authors: Castlebury Frank D. , Hilsenroth Mark J. , Handler Leonard , Durham Thomas W.
Published: July 2017

This study explored the diagnostic utility of the MMPI-2 Personality Disorder (MMPI-2 PD) scales to correctly classify three Cluster B Personality Disorders (Antisocial, Borderline, and Narcissistic Personality Disorder). Classification was compared against the fourth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV) chart diagnoses checked for interrater agreement. MMPI-2 PD scale scores for 53 outpatients diagnosed with a Cluster B Personality Disorder were contrasted with an Other Personality Disorder group ( n = 20) and a nonclinical population ( n = 67). Scores for both the overlapping and nonoverlapping scales of the MMPI-2 PD scales were used in calculating diagnostic efficiency statistics. In support of past findings, results suggest the MMPI-2 PD scales should be used conservatively; they are best at screening for presence or absence of a personality disorder, identifying members of personality disorder clusters, and identifying negative occurrences of specific personality disorders or personality disorder clusters. Findings endorse the use of both versions of the Antisocial Personality Disorder scale and the overlapping version of the Borderline Personality Disorder scale. Use of the Narcissistic Personality Disorder scales is recommended for negative predictive power values only. A multimodal approach is recommended, whereby assessment measures may be used conjointly to improve diagnostic efficiency.
The Incremental Validity of MMPI-2 Supplementary Scales
Authors: Archer Robert P. , Elkins David E. , Aiduk Robert , Griffin Richard
Published: July 2017

Several hundred special or supplementary scales were created for the original Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI). At the time of the release of the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2 (MMPI-2) in 1989, 15 supplementary scales were included in, or developed for, this revised test. The degree to which the MMPI-2 supplementary scales provide either new information or data that are redundant with that already provided by the MMPI-2 basic scales has not been investigated in prior research. The current study examines the incremental validity of the MMPI-2 supplementary scales in a sample of 597 adult psychiatric inpatients using criterion measures composed of other self-report instruments and clinicians' ratings of psychopathology. MMPI-2 basic and supplementary scale data were entered in a series of hierarchical regression analyses to statistically evaluate the degree to which the supplementary scales provided incremental contributions in the prediction of variance on outcome measures. These results were compared with levels of prediction achieved by forced entry of all 13 of the basic scales and with incremental variance produced by the assignment of random 7-score values to the supplementary scales. Major findings indicate that the inclusion of supplementary scale data only marginally increased the proportion of variance accounted for in external criterion variables.
The Diabetes Regimen Responsibility Scale: Information on Internal Consistency and Validity in a Pediatric Sample
Authors: Carey Tracy , Reid Graham , Ruggiero Laurie , Horner James , Dubow Eric
Published: July 2017

The internal consistency and validity of the Diabetes Regimen Responsibility Scale (DRRS) were examined in a sample of 49 youths. The DRRS demonstrated adequate internal consistency, and most subscales correlated significantly with diabetes knowledge. Only the parent report on the insulin administration scale and the child report on dietary management correlated with metabolic control (glycosylated hemoglobin, HbA1c). Implications for research and practice are discussed.
Effect of Retinoic Acid on Apoptosis and DNA Repair in Human Keratinocytes after UVB Irradiation
Authors: Li Gang , Bush Jason A. , Ho Vincent C.
Published: July 2017

Background:

Skin cancer is extremely common. Epidemiological studies indicated that ultraviolet radiation (UV) is the primary cause for skin cancers, and that retinoic acid (RA) is able to inhibit this UV-induced skin carcinogenesis; however, the molecular mechanism of the anti-UV action of RA is unclear.

Objective:

The purpose of this study is to investigate if RA enhances the removal of UV-induced DNA damage.

Methods:

The effect of RA on UV-induced apoptosis and DNA repair was investigated by ELISA apoptosis assay and CAT assay.

Results:

Both all-trans-RA and 9-cis-RA did not promote UV-induced apoptosis nor the repair of UV-damaged DNA in human keratinocytes. Furthermore, RA did not induce the expression of p53.

Conclusion:

The inhibition of RA on skin carcinogenesis is not due to enhanced removal of UV-damaged DNA. Therefore, RA does not inhibit skin cancer development at the initiation stage, but possibly at the promotion and progression stages.
Wrinkling Due to Mid-Dermal Elastolysis: Two Cases and Literature Review
Authors: Rao Babar K. , Endzweig Carin H. , Kagen Mark H. , Kriegel David , Freeman Robert G.
Published: July 2017

Background:

Mid-dermal elastolysis is an acquired disorder of elastic tissue clinically characterized by diffuse fine wrinkling, most often of the trunk and arms. Histologically, a clear band of elastolysis is present in the mid-dermis.

Objective:

Although examples of diffuse elastolysis are well known, only a small number of patients with mid-dermal elastolysis have been reported to date. We present two patients with clinical and histological evidence of mid-dermal elastolysis, review the literature, and summarize the salient features of some common disorders of elastic tissue.

Methods:

The first patient presented with fine wrinkles and papules over the upper arms, upper chest, and axillae, and demonstrated increased laxity of the eyelids. The second patient had striking wrinkles extending in a band-like pattern on her arms, upper chest, back, and abdomen. Neither one of our patients had a previous history of skin inflammation, urticaria, or any other underlying diseases related to their skin changes. Skin biopsies were taken from lesional and perilesional skin of both patients, and were stained with hematoxylin and eosin, and with elastic tissue stain. In addition, a tissue sample from Patient 1 was fixed for electron-microscopy.

Results:

Hematoxylin and eosin stains did not demonstrate specific changes or diagnostic patterns. However, elastic tissue stains revealed a band-like loss of elastic tissue in the mid-dermis. Elastic tissue in the remaining superficial and deep dermis stained normally. Electron-microscopy was consistent with these findings and revealed significant loss of elastic tissue limited to the mid-dermis.

Conclusion:

We have presented two cases of mid-dermal elastolysis and reviewed the literature. To date, the pathophysiology of mid-dermal elastolysis had not been elucidated and no definitive therapy exists.
Teledermatology in New Zealand
Authors: Oakley Amanda M. M.
Published: July 2017

Background:

Teledermatology is the delivery of specialist dermatological services at a distance. It has become possible because of technological advances in digital imaging and telecommunications. Consultations may be “interactive” using video-conferencing equipment or “store-and-forward” using prerecorded text and images. The best method to deliver teledermatology services is unknown.

Objective:

Studies were designed to determine (a) if it was possible to diagnose and manage skin diseases using video-conferencing equipment, (b) if teledermatology was acceptable to patients and medical practitioners, and (c) whether it offered any economic advantages. We have also compared interactive and store-and-forward techniques.

Method:

The trials were conducted in collaboration with the Institute of Telemedicine & Telecare, Queen's University, Belfast, as part of the UK Teledermatology Trials.

Remits:

The trials have involved more than 300 teledermatology consultations. Having established that a diagnosis can be made in more than two-thirds of the cases, the majority of video consultations have resulted in satisfactory management, with only small numbers of patients requiring face-to-face review. Teledermatology is generally popular with patients and can save them considerable time and money. Routine clinics continue in three centers. We have found that effective store-and-forward teledermatology requires very good images and comprehensive historical referral data.
Disseminated Scleroderma of a Japanese Patient Successfully Treated with Bath PUVA Photochemotherapy
Authors: Aragane Yoshinori , Kawada Akira , Maeda Akira , Isogai Rieko , Isogai Noritaka , Tezuka Tadashi
Published: July 2017

Background:

Localized scleroderma is known to be resistant to therapies. Recently, it has been reported that bath PUVA photochemotherapy is effective for treating this dermatosis.

Objectives:

Although according in earlier reports mainly white populations have been treated successfully with bath PUVA therapy, there is little knowledge of whether it is effective in treating colored populations. We treated a 64-year-old Japanese woman suffering from disseminated scleroderma with bath PUVA photochemotherapy to see its effects.

Conclusion:

Although rather high cumulative UVA doses were required for this patient compared with those needed in earlier reports, no adverse effects were observed. The lesions were markedly improved, suggesting that this therapeutic modality is well-tolerated and useful for colored patients such as the Japanese. Furthermore, it turns out that the thermographical assessment is useful to estimate clinical improvement of this sclerosing skin disorder.
Primary Localized Cutaneous Amyloidosis in Association with Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma
Authors: Sangen Yoshiko , Kawada Akira , Maeda Akira , Aragane Yoshinori , Tezuka Tadashi
Published: July 2017

Background:

Lichen amyloidosis, a type of primary localized cutaneous amyloidosis, is characterized by pruritic brown or grayish pigmented papules.

Objective:

We report a case of lichen amyloidosis in which the skin lesion consisted of asymptomatic salmon-pink-colored papules on the back of the neck to the upper back. This was different from typical clinical pictures of lichen amyloidosis. Our patient proved to have thyroid papillary carcinoma.

Conclusion:

Our case may suggest that lichen amyloidosis could be a cutaneous manifestation of thyroid cancers.
Kasabach-Merritt Syndrome
Authors: Maguiness Sheilagh , Guenther Lyn
Published: July 2017

Background:

Kasabach-Merritt syndrome (KMS) is a consumptive coagulopathy associated with the presence of a large vascular lesion. It is often a frustrating condition to treat and it carries a high mortality rate. There are currently no known treatment guidelines. Kasabach-Merritt syndrome is associated with kaposiform hemangioendothelioma (KHE) and tufted angioma (TA); these lesions, when associated with KMS, are locally invasive, aggressive vascular tumors. Treatment options include supportive care, local therapies, and drug and surgical management. In most recent case reports, a multimodal approach to therapy is taken.

Objective and Conclusion:

The objective of this article is to provide a comprehensive review of KMS and give an up-to-date summary of treatment options. The clinical presentation, laboratory findings, vascular pathology, and pathophysiology will also be discussed.
Vulval Disease from the 1800s to the New Millennium
Authors: Lewis Fiona M.
Published: July 2017

Background:

The study of vulval disease has become important over the last few decades. Although several inflammatory dermatoses were described at the end of the 19th century, vulval involvement in these conditions was only realized some time later. Indeed, the vulva may be a site of predilection of some inflammatory dermatoses such as lichen sclerosus.

Objective:

There are now groups of interested dermatologists, gynecologists, and genitourinary physicians that have cooperated to study patients with vulval disease. Hopefully, this will increase our knowledge over the next century.

Conclusion:

This review article examines vulval disease from an historical viewpoint and highlights important developments that have increased our understanding of the disorders that specifically affect the vulva.
Foreign Body Granuloma: A New Manifestation of Immune Restoration Syndrome
Authors: Murray Christian A. , DeKoven Joel , Spaner David E.
Published: July 2017

Background:

People with human immunodeficiency virus may experience an immune restoration syndrome during the lymphocyte recovery period following effective highly active antiretroviral therapy. In this syndrome, antigens that previously were ignored by the immune system now induce an exaggerated response with obvious clinical effects. Most cases have been associated with infectious agents such as cytomegalovirus or mycobacterium avium intracellulare. However, the sudden onset of sarcoidal granulomatous reactions have also been described in this setting.

Objective:

We report a 66-year-old HIV-positive man who presented with exacerbation of multiple foreign body granulomas decades after the original injuries. The presentation coincided with a significant rise in CD4 count after beginning highly active antiretroviral therapy.

Conclusion:

We propose that this case demonstrates another manifestation of the immune restoration syndrome and postulate that an uncontrolled Th1 response is the causative mechanism.
Topical Treatment of Bowen's Disease with 5-Fluorouracil
Authors: Bargman Howard , Hochman Jacqueline
Published: July 2017

Background:

Bowen's disease is a common skin cancer. There are many different therapeutic approaches to treatment. Topical 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) cream has been used for many years and there are many published papers attesting to its effectiveness. However, no papers have presented long-term followup results with biopsy confirmation of cure.

Objectives:

The purpose of this article is to present the long-term findings following the use of this cream in the treatment of Bowen's disease.

Methods:

Twenty-four patients with 26 biopsy-confirmed lesions of Bowen's disease were treated with topical 5-Fluorouracil cream and were followed for periods of up to 10 years. Posttreatment biopsies were performed in most cases.

Results:

Two of the 26 lesions treated topically recurred at some point. The rest were apparently cured.

Conclusion:

The results presented in this article confirm that treatment of Bowen's disease with topical 5-Fluorouracil cream is safe and effective treatment.
Skin Cancer Induced by Arsenic in the Water
Authors: Cabrera Hugo Néstor , Gómez María Luisa
Published: July 2017

Background:

Arsenic (As) is a well-recognized poison. Exposure may be of an acute nature, leading to high concentrations and acute arsenic poisoning. Chronic exposure may lead to benign skin changes, skin cancer, and internal malignancy.

Objective:

Our purpose was to study the nature, incidence, and sequelae of skin disorders in a group of Argentinean patients suffering from chronic arsenicism due to the intake of contaminated well water.

Methods:

All patients who presented with chronic arsenicism at the Dermatology Department of Hospital Posadas (Buenos Aires, Argentina) during a 10-year period (1988–1998) were included in this study. The patient group compromised 9 women and 14 men, the age range was 37–72 years. Diagnosis was based on the clinical triad (keratoderma, leucoderma and epiteliomatosis). We performed clinical, laboratory, and histopathologic studies to confirm diagnosis. We screened for possible internal diseases.

Results:

All patients included in this study had cutaneous lesions associated with long-term arsenic exposure. The mean age of the patients was 58.2 years. The estimated mean time of the beginning of the lesions was of 3.7 years. All patients were Argentinean from endemic areas of our country where the arsenic levels are higher than those accepted by the World Health Organization.

Conclusion:

This study allows us to conclude that the relationship between arsenic and cancer is frequent and it describes the principal characteristics of this entity in our group of patients.
Erdheim—Chester Disease
Authors: Lenahan Susan E. , Helm Klaus F. , Hopper Kenneth D.
Published: July 2017

Background:

Erdheim–Chester disease is a rare non-Langerhans' cell histiocytosis.

Objective:

This case report is presented to familiarize clinicians with Erdheim–Chester disease and its differential diagnosis.

Results and Conclusion:

Erdheim–Chester disease presents with unique clinical and pathologic findings. Its xanthoma-like lesions can cause significant morbidity and mortality.
Skin and Soft Tissue Necrosis following Hymenoptera Sting
Authors: Koçer Uğur , Tiftikcioğlu Yiğit Özer , Aksoy Hasan Mete , Karaaslan Önder
Published: July 2017

Background:

All kinds of bees, wasps, and hornets are members of the hymenoptera order. Local hypersensitivity reactions after bee stings are very common and well studied. However, tissue necroses following untreated bee stings are extremely rare and they are not well documented.

Objective:

Two extremely rare cases of extensive skin and soft tissue necrosis following hymenoptera stings are presented. Current literature and treatment options are discussed.

Conclusions:

Local skin reactions following bee stings may result in severe complications such as tissue necrosis if left untreated. Skin grafting following surgical debridement is an adequate and practical treatment modality for such cases.