bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Partial Replication of Lippin (1990) Using the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator with a Sample of Female Prisoners
Authors: Long Carolyn K. , Lenoir Cathy , Phung Tam , Witherspoon A. D.
Published: August 2011

A sample of 108 women incarcerated in a state prison who volunteered to participate in an employment seminar were given the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator. Comparison of the distribution of types here and in Myers and McCauiley's 1985 sample using a Selection Ratio Type Table for analysis indicated an overrepresentauon of ISTJ, ISFJ, and ISTP. The ESFP and ESFJ types were underrepresented. Further analysis of the types and the relationship to criminal offense was not significant. Results are compared with those of Lippin from 1990.
Comparison of Scores on WISC-III and WISC—R of Urban Learning Disabled Students
Authors: Gunter Christie M. , Sapp Gary L. , Green Anthony C.
Published: August 2011

Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-III IQs and Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children—Revised IQs of 16 preadolescents who were learning disabled, urban students (14 black) receiving special education services were compared. Analyses indicated lower mean WISC-III IQs, correlations of .57, .74, and .72 between scores on Full, Verbal, and Performance Scales, respectively, and significant correlations of .44 to .80 between respective sets of subtests. Exceptions were Information (.34), Similarities (.30), and Picture Arrangement (.15). These results suggest that the WISC-III may compare favorably with the WISC—R, if replicated with a substantial group.
Operant Learning (R-S) Principles Applied to Nail-Biting
Authors: McClanahan Terry Michael
Published: August 2011

The principles of R-S learning were applied to a 32-yr.-old Caucasian woman to reduce the frequency and duration of fingernail-biting activity in a reversal-replication (ABAB) research design. The undesirable behavior, fingernail-biting which included frequency and duration, antecedents, and setting events, was recorded during a 28-day study. Self-monitoring recordings indicated that anxiety was the most prevalent antecedent. Through the use of a preliminary questionnaire and interview, increase in self-awareness was judged to be most effective in the extinction of the un-desired behavior. The systematic desensitization techniques of deep muscle relaxation and Transcendental Meditation were used during the treatment phase.
Willingness to Work with and Sympathy for HIV-Positive Coworkers: An Experimental Examination of Mode of Transmission, Concern, and Knowledge
Authors: Zagumny Matthew J. , Deckbar Rick
Published: August 2011

This study investigated concern about HIV infection, knowledge about HIV/AIDS, and mode of transmission on willingness to work with and sympathy expressed towards a coworker with AIDS. 120 undergraduate students were randomly assigned to one of 12 groups in a 3 × 4 between-subjects design. Subjects viewed one of three 12-min. videotapes, including one videotape designed to increase concern, one designed to increase information, and a control videotape of music. Participants then read one of four scenarios about training a new employee. The scenarios varied the mode of HIV transmission (unknown, heterosexual contact, homosexual contact, or blood transfusion). Analysis showed that the ratings of willingness to work with or sympathy toward the HIV-positive coworker made after the videotape were not higher than those of other groups; however, significantly greater sympathy was reported for coworkers with unknown means of transmission than for coworkers who had contracted the virus through homosexual activity and more sympathy was also shown for coworkers who had contracted AIDS through blood transfusion than for employees who became infected through any type of sexual activity. Findings are discussed in terms of the AIDS literature and suggestions for employers.
Effects of Drinking by the Victim or Offender on Verdicts in a Simulated Trial of an Acquaintance Rape
Authors: Fischer Gloria J.
Published: August 2011

College students, 232 women and 151 men, read a simulated trial of rape by an acquaintance under one of four conditions: victim only drinking, offender only drinking, and both drinking or neither drinking before the alleged assault. How much students blamed the victim or offender for what happened and their verdict were unaffected by these conditions. Yet students rated alcohol consumption as having contributed to the alleged assault. Apparently, they simply did not attribute blame to consuming alcohol. How much students blamed the victim and the offender and having been or having known a rape victim predicted jurors' verdicts with 89% accuracy.
Substantive Issues in the Soroka V. Dayton-Hudson Case
Authors: Merenda Peter F.
Published: August 2011

The Soroka v. Dayton-Hudson case is popularly known as the “Target” case because it was the Target Department Stores against whom the case was filed as a class action by S. Soroka on September 7, 1989, in the Superior Court, Alameda County, California Involved in the case as a major issue were the charges by the plaintiffs that the Rotlgers Condensed CPI-MMPI (RCCM), used in the pre-employment screening of applicants for Store Security Officer, violated the applicants' rights to privacy which are protected by the Constitution of the State of California. Also sought by the plaintiffs were sanctions against unfair discriminatory application of tests and subjugation of the applicants to inquiries regarding sexual orientation and religious beliefs. The parties reached an out-of-court settlement on September 23, 1993. The substantive issues relating to sound test theory and test practices are discussed along with a review of the court proceedings.
Use of the Rorschach in Planning Psychotherapy
Authors: Frank George
Published: August 2011

Research has shown that the Rorschach can be used to identify people who benefit from psychotherapy; the critical variable in that assessment is form level. One way of looking at form level is as a reflection of ego strength, and one can conclude that the level of ego strength and all of the implications regarding information-processing, meaning-making, and the capacity for logical and realistic thinking would, then, seem to be associated with benefiting from psychotherapy. This finding was extended to suggest that this Rorschach assessment of ego strength is related to the kind of psychotherapy a person might or should be offered; that is, whether it should be supportive or exploratory or short-term and problem-centered. Rorschach data can also be helpful in identifying whether treatment-disruptive transferential reactions or resistances exist. In light of the information which can be gleaned from the Rorschach, it seems reasonable to suggest that the Rorschach should be used routinely in the planning of psychotherapy.
Birth Order, Family Environment, and Young Adults' Occupational Aspirations
Authors: Marjoribanks Kevin
Published: August 2011

Relationships were examined among birth order, family environments, and occupational aspirations for 320 21-yr.-old Australians. The results indicated that relations between birth order and aspirations were mediated by associations between the young adults' perceptions of their parents' involvement in learning and the measures of aspiration.
A Disagreement Index for Network Analytic Studies of Perceived Causes
Authors: Muncer Steven J.
Published: August 2011

A method for computing a disagreement index for network analytic studies of perceived causes is presented.
Preventing Relapse in Weight Control: A Discussion of Cognitive and Behavioral Strategies
Authors: Turner Lori W. , Wang Min Qi , Westerfield R. Carl
Published: August 2011

Weight maintenance is the most difficult part of weight control. People who diet and regain weight often experience negative physiological effects and lowered self-esteem each time they regain weight. This suggests the need for successful weight maintenance programs. Health-care professionals can develop and implement maintenance programs using cognitive and behavior-change strategies which include ways to cope with relapse. This paper describes the physiological and emotional problems associated with weight maintenance and explores the use of cognitive and behavioral concepts in addressing these issues.
Measuring Workaholism: Content Validity of the Work Addiction Risk Test
Authors: Robinson Bryan E. , Phillips Bruce
Published: August 2011

A total of 20 psychotherapists, randomly selected from a state list, critically examined the 25 items on the Work Addiction Risk Test for content validity. Subjects were asked to identify 25 items from a list of 35 which most accurately measured work addiction. Selected test items have generally high content validity for the domain of work addiction.
Self-Actualization and Empathy as Predictors of Marital Satisfaction
Authors: Rowan Deborah G. , Compton William C. , Rust James O.
Published: August 2011

The relationships between marital satisfaction, self-actualization, and empathy scores were tested for 30 intact couples. Analyses indicated that both self-actualization and empathy scores were independent predictors of marital satisfaction scores for men, but not for women. Implications were discussed.
Psychological Screening of Impotence with Finney's MMPI-Derived Impotence Scale
Authors: Craig Robert J. , Cannon Bridgit , Olson Ronald E.
Published: August 2011

Three groups of patients in treatment were assessed for impotence, using the MMPI-derived Impotence Scale. Group I were 46 patients who had been screened and scheduled for a penile prosthesis when the impotence resulted from known organic causes (biogenic). Group II were 198 patients in a sexual dysfunction clinic, for whom biogenic causes had been ruled out (psychogenic). Group III were 51 substance abusers in drug rehabilitation. While scores on the Impotence Scale did not distinguish between the biogenic and psychogenic groups, the scores were almost three times higher than average scores among subjects in the standardization sample. MMPI-derived Impotence Scale scores were similarly elevated among the substance abusers. Results suggest that the Impotence Scale may serve as a useful screening tool to alert clinicians to the possibility of erectile dysfunction for which further clinical evaluation would be required.
Predicting Terminations for Cause and Failure to Complete Successfully a 90-Day Probationary Period of Employment: Contribution of a Preemployment Screening Inventory
Authors: Borofsky Gerald L. , Green Janet , Burzichelli Dominick , Paludi Louis
Published: August 2011

This study examined the relationship between scores on a preemployment screening inventory, terminations for cause, and failure to complete successfully a 90-day probationary period at an East Coast resort hotel (approximately 3,600 employees). Of the 436 seasonal and nonseasonal applicants hired during the study period, 158 were administered the inventory as part of their preemployment processing. Scores were not systematically used in making over-all hiring decisions. Analysis indicated relationships between scores on an inventory designed to assess the likelihood of long-term job commitment, terminations for cause, and failure to complete successfully the 90-day probationary period.
Comment on the Inpatient Treatment of Mood Disorders
Authors: Peeters Frenk P. M. L. , de Vries Marten W.
Published: August 2011

The power of psychometric instruments in selecting type of treatment chosen for patients with histories of long-term illness and their resulting rapid treatment response are overestimated.
Incorporating Attitudes and Imitation in the Bass Model of Diffusion
Authors: Evans Richard H.
Published: August 2011

This study incorporated attitudes and imitation in the Bass (1969) model of diffusion. It was hypothesized that the Bass model with the inclusion of attitudes and imitation would perform better than a naive Bass model. Mean absolute deviations over three levels of purchase intention confirmed the hypothesis. 120 undergraduate business school students served as subjects and the stimulus object was athletic shoes.
Evaluation Status, Educational Setting, and Behavior Ratings of Students with Serious Emotional Disturbance
Authors: Hutton Jerry B.
Published: August 2011

60 students' files were randomly selected from a pool of 308 who were designated as seriously emotionally disturbed by their school districts. Analysis indicated that n = 30 students receiving their initial evaluations were rated more negatively by their special education and homeroom teachers than those 30 being reevaluated. Compared with the 60 special education teachers, more negative ratings were given by the 60 homeroom teachers. Elementary and secondary school placement did not significantly affect the behavior ratings.
Gladly to Learn and Gladly to Teach
Authors: Ross Sherman
Published: August 2011

This brief account of the locations and contexts of learning and teaching across the life-span of a professional career illustrates the wealth of sources and resources available. Underlying principles are identified.
Classroom Construction of Women's Self-Ideal Image: Note on Spence and Helmreich's Personality Attributes Questionnaire
Authors: Rechtien John G.
Published: August 2011

At the beginning and later in the 1995 spring semester, 87 students (23 men and 64 women) in five classes rated themselves according to Spence and Helmreich's 1978 short Personality Attributes Questionnaire which measures traits desirable in both men and women, Instrumental (Masculine or M) and Expressive (Feminine or F), and traits inversely acceptable in men and women (M-F). The mean scores on M-F of women in two sections of one class significantly increased. The mean scores on Femininity of women in another class decreased. Pearson correlations indicated that the subjects had formed a coherent, consistent view that nevertheless did change during the semester. Their changed means suggest that the content of a course might influence an idealized self-image.
Psychometric Measures of Trauma among Psychiatric Patients Reporting Ritual Abuse
Authors: Noblitt James Randall
Published: August 2011

Increasing reports by psychiatric patients of ritual abuse have provoked a debate about the appropriate interpretation of such allegations. Some authors contend that these claims represent fantasy material, dissimulation, or delusions. Others maintain that patients' descriptions of ritualized trauma may constitute a newly identified psychiatric syndrome. The present investigation compared psychometric measures of trauma, the MMPI-2 PK and PS scales, in a group of patients reporting ritual abuse and another group with no such accounts of ritual abuse. Comparisons were statistically significant with mean PK and PS scores of 86.3 and 85.8, respectively, for the 34 reporting ritual abuse and 58.3 and 58.7 for the 31 not reporting ritual abuse. Further, 91% of the patients alleging ritual abuse had scores on at least one of the two scales within the clinical range, i e., T score ≥65. It was concluded that patients reporting histories of ritual abuse also showed significantly elevated scores on these scales and their scores were higher than those obtained for a sample of patients not reporting ritual abuse.
Narcissism and Machiavellianism
Authors: McHoskey John
Published: August 2011

Associations of Machiavellianism and narcissism were examined in two samples ( Ns = 214 and 205) via the Mach-IV and the Narcissistic Personality Inventory. Scores on these self-report measures were correlated. Machiavellianism scores were positively associated with aspects of narcissism which indicate maladjustment, i.e., entitlement and exploitativeness, and inversely associated with adaptive narcissistic tendencies, i.e., self-sufficiency. The discussion focuses on the relative adjustment of those scoring high on Machiavellianism.
Semantic Differential Measurements of Connotations of Verbal Terms and Their Doublespeak Facsimiles in Sentence Contexts
Authors: Gruner Charles R. , Tighe M. Rachel
Published: August 2011

To test whether the self-serving euphemisms labeled “doublespeak” have different connotative meanings than noneuphemistic expressions, 77 college students rated 16 pairs of such terms embedded in sentences on semantic differential scales. Analysis showed that “doublespeak” may be at least partially successful.
Training Effects of One Academic Year on the Instructional Values of MA Students in Confluent Education and Counseling Psychology: A Follow-up Study
Authors: Shapiro Stewart B.
Published: August 2011

A second study of the effects of one year's training on 20 MA students in Confluent Education again showed significant increases in scores measuring Affective Bias, Personal Growth Orientation, and general humanistic Instructional Values; whereas similar measures of 20 MA students in Counseling Psychology did not and were scored significantly lower than the other group both before and after training.
Authoritative, Authoritarian, and Permissive Parenting Practices: Development of a New Measure
Authors: Robinson Clyde C. , Mandleco Barbara , Olsen Susanne Frost , Hart Craig H.
Published: August 2011

A 133-item parenting questionnaire was completed by 1251 parents of preschool and school-age children. Items in this measure were reduced using principal axes factor analyses followed by varimax rotation. Three global parenting dimensions emerged consistent with Baumrind's authoritative, authoritarian, and permissive typologies. Internal consistency reliability was assessed with Cronbach alpha and additional items were deleted. A 62-item instrument was retained, and the global parenting dimensions were subsequently analyzed to assess their internal structures using principal axes factor analyses followed by oblique rotation. For each of the three global dimensions a number of specific factors were identified.
Gender Differences in Teachers' Behaviors in Relation to Adolescents' Self-Concepts
Authors: Mboya Mzobanzi M.
Published: August 2011

Gender differences in the relationship between teachers' behaviors and adolescents' self-concepts were investigated in 276 (156 boys and 120 girls) Standard Ten students from two coeducational high schools in Langa, Cape Town, South Africa. The Perceived Teacher Behavior Inventory was used to measure adolescents' perceptions of teachers' behaviors. The Self-description Inventory was used to measure adolescents' self-concepts. Analysis indicated significant differences in perceived teachers' behavior and adolescents' self-description scale scores between boys and girls. Further, students' self-concept dimensions most strongly associated with teachers' behaviors were relations with family, general school, and health.
Differences in Attitudes among Medical Students towards Psychiatry in One English University
Authors: Chung Man Cheung , Prasher Verinder Paul
Published: August 2011

Responses of 146 medical students in the final academic year on the Attitudes Towards Psychiatry Questionnaire were obtained before and after the clerkship in psychiatry. While there were no significant differences between the 57 men and 89 women, students' image of psychiatrists did not change but several initially held attitudes about psychiatric practice and training improved following the clerkship.
Time Perspective of Substance Abuse Patients: Comparison of the Scales in Stanford Time Perspective Inventory, Beck Depression Inventory, and Beck Hopelessness Scale
Authors: Breier-Williford Sandra , Bramlett Ronald K.
Published: August 2011

This study examined the correlations between the Stanford Time Perspective Inventory, the Beck Depression Inventory, and the Beck Hopelessness Scale for an in-patient substance-abuse population of 50. Analysis did not support the hypothesis that substance abusers would be more likely to be present-hedonistic and present-fatalistic rather than past- or future-oriented. However, the results modestly supported the hypothesis that future orientation would be negatively correlated with scores on depression and hopelessness measures. In this sample, there was a slight tendency toward the time orientations of future- and present-fatalistic. Correlations among scores on the three measures were generally low (range = .06 to −.38).
Suicide, Homicide, and a History of Oppression in the Caribbean Nations
Authors: Lester David
Published: August 2011

In 16 Caribbean nations, those with a longer history of sugar production and more power for the sugar planters tended to have lower rates of personal violence (suicide and homicide) in later times (the 1970s).
Applicability of the Goodness-of-Fit Hypothesis to Coping with Daily Hassles
Authors: Roberts Shawn M.
Published: August 2011

This study examined the applicability of Lazarus and Folkman's (1984) goodness-of-fit hypothesis to the relationship between college students' daily hassles and psychological symptomology. Specifically, the model predicts that, given a daily hassle which one may change, it is more functional to alter the source of the daily hassle than it is to let the stressor go unchecked and simply try to manage the negative emotions produced by the event. Conversely, given a stressor one cannot alter it is more functional to regulate the emotions produced by the event than to engage in repeated futile attempts to change an uncontrollable stressor. It was predicted that subjects who tended to violate these principles across multiple daily hassles would be characterized by the highest psychological symptomology. Although the 69 college students' frequency of daily hassles was positively associated with psychological symptomology and students tended to match the method of coping with the appraised controllability of their daily hassles, no support for the goodness-of-fit hypothesis was found.
Theoretical Ideal Profiles and Coalignment: A Strategy-Environment Example in the Not-for-Profit Sector
Authors: Adeyemi-Bello Tope
Published: August 2011

The strategy-environment fit has been the topic of many studies, mostly with samples of for-profit organizations. Recently, a more holistic pattern-analytic approach or coalignment has been used to test the performance implications of the relationship between strategy and environment. This statistical approach may be deficient, however, if the ideal profiles from which deviations are measured are data-specific. Therefore, theoretical ideal profiles were used to examine the strategy-environment coalignment for 558 senior pastors in a Southern Baptist state convention. The results indicate that organizations in dynamic or Stade environments can be effective if they pursue appropriate strategies.
Televised Violence: A Japanese, Spanish, and American Comparison
Authors: Sutil Carlos Rodriguez , Esteban Juan L. , Takeuchi Michio , Clausen Tanya , Scott Ralph
Published: August 2011

In Japan, Spain, and the USA during one week acts of violence (verbal and nonverbal) were rated on the Index of Television Violence by 3 raters in each country. In all three countries televised violence was more likely depicted in interpersonal conflict than against property. Fewer scenes of physical or fatal injury appeared in Japan than in the other two countries. Other observations were made. Replication is urged.
Researching the Oklahoma City Bombing
Authors: Piotrowski Chris , Perdue Bob
Published: August 2011

The authors present a literature retrieval strategy for investigators who plan to conduct research on the Oklahoma City bombing. To facilitate a comprehensive review of the scholarly research on disasters, mass emergencies, and terrorism, a multidatabase search strategy is strongly encouraged. Secondly, a wealth of current information and data on the bombing are available on “popular” and “news” files.
Dubious Value of the “Reasonable Woman” Standard in Understanding Sexual Harassment
Authors: Eisenman Russell
Published: August 2011

There are problems with the “reasonable woman” concept for sexual harassment cases. Also, the 1995 findings of Baird, et al., although statistically significant, identify very small differences between men and women subjects. “Reasonable woman,” as employed in sexual harassment cases, is a culture-bound concept used by some feminists to present a specific worldview in which women are seen in the victim's role, and men are viewed negatively.
Effects of Delay of Reinforcement with Reduction of Confinement in the Goal-Box and Elimination of Handling Immediately following Runway Traversal
Authors: Calef Richard S. , Choban Michael C. , Glenney Katherine R. , Calef Ruth A. , Bass Tamirra , Rivers Anthony L.
Published: August 2011

24 male rats were randomly assigned into one of three groups. The first group was immediately reinforced with food pellets upon entering a wide goal-box area after running down a straight alley. The second group was reinforced with food pellets 10 sec. after they placed their noses above the goal cup. A third group was reinforced 30 sec. after they placed their noses above the goal cup. All animals were given a total of 72 trials (four trials per day). The results indicated that rats given immediate reinforcement ran faster than those with a 10-sec. delay which were faster than those with a 30-sec. delay. These findings suggest that the results of the previous studies were due to delay of reinforcement effects and not confinement in the goal-box or handling following a run.
Use of Educational Resource Materials with South African Children in Day Care
Authors: Liddell Christine
Published: August 2011

The psychometric scores of black South African children ( N = 248) in 16 day-care centers were assessed before ( n = 119) and after ( n = 129) the introduction of an enrichment package, which consisted of a range of educational toys and cost US $12 per child. Analysis indicated that the enrichment was associated with significant improvements on a number of psychometric measures. Results are critically examined in terms of methodological issues, the effects of a low-cost enrichment scheme, and aspects of the package which merited subsequent improvement.
Intolerance of Ambiguity and the Decision to Form an Alliance
Authors: Dollinger Marc J. , Saxton Todd , Golden Peggy A.
Published: August 2011

In an experimental design, when a firm's reputation was manipulated and its reputation was negative or mixed, high tolerance of ambiguity will increase the decision-maker's propensity to engage in an alliance.
Career Motivations of Male and Female Medical Students
Authors: Todisco John , Hayes Susan , Farnill Douglas
Published: August 2011

Australian medical students ( N = 645) were asked at the beginning of their training to rank the importance of a list of motivations relevant to their choice of medicine as a career. Both male and female students ranked the desire to help others as the most important motivation, closely followed by the scientific nature and the intellectual challenge of the profession of medicine. Both genders rated considerations of status and prestige as of low importance. These findings are similar to surveys from other countries chat have reported altruism and intellectual challenge as prime motivations for both genders.
Women Ages 30–60 and Their Crisis Events
Authors: Waskel Shirley A. , Phelps Linda H.
Published: August 2011

Not much attention has been given to differences among women between the ages of 30 and 60 years when discussing crisis events. 370 women were asked to respond to items regarding midlife crisis, i.e., whether they had experienced a midlife crisis, the intensity of the crisis, and their ability to identify the precipitating event. Most of the 264 women who had experienced a crisis identified “Changes in Self” as the precipitating event. Also identified were work-related events. As in the literature, work is infrequently addressed in this context.
A Behavioral Analogue for Measuring the Division of Household Labor
Authors: Garvin Darrah T. , Nevels Robert M. , Holmes Sheila M.
Published: August 2011

A behavioral analogue for estimating the division of household labor includes 6 household tasks during a 30-min. rating period. Interrater agreement for 23 pairs of unmarried undergraduates was 98.5%.
Does Smoking Really Kill Anybody?
Authors: Eysenck H. J.
Published: August 2011

Statements that so many people are killed by smoking use the term “kill” in a very unusual manner which is easily misunderstood by people not expert in epidemiology. In addition, the usual calculations leave out of account the fact that smoking interacts synergistically with other risk factors, so that it is a combination of risk factors rather than any specific one that is likely to have a causal influence on mortality. Strictly speaking it is quite inappropriate to state that smoking kills anybody, if we use the term “kill” in a meaningful fashion.
Training Effects of One Academic Year on the Instructional Values of MA Students in Confluent Education and Teacher Education: A Second Follow-up Study
Authors: Shapiro Stewart B.
Published: August 2011

A third study of the effect of one year's training on the same 20 MA students in Confluent Education as in a previous study one showed the same significant increases in scores measuring Affective Bias, Personal Growth Orientation, and general humanistic instructional values compared to similar measures of 20 MA students in Teacher Education. The latter scored significantly lower than Confluent students both before and after training.
Differences in Processing Information among Psychology Course Grade Groups
Authors: Gadzella Bernadette M.
Published: August 2011

Scores on the Inventory of Learning Process scales were analyzed for 86 students enrolled in freshman-level psychology classes who obtained course grades of A, B, C, or D. Analysis showed significant differences in scores on the Deep Processing and Study Methods scales between students with grades of A and students with grades of B, C, and D, respectively, and on the Elaborative Processing scale between students with grades of A and students with grades of C and D, respectively.
Suicide and Alternative Measures of Domestic Integration
Authors: Lester David
Published: August 2011

For 27 nations from 1950–1985, the use of a ratio measure (divorces/marriages) was not more powerful in predicting suicide rates than was the use of divorce and marriage rates separately.
Husbands' Involvement in Housework: Effects of Relative Earning Power and Masculine Orientation
Authors: Harrell W. Andrew
Published: August 2011

A survey of 138 husbands in dual-earner households examined factors influencing participation in two household tasks, cleaning and cooking. Path analyses showed that husbands were more involved in these tasks if they had a nontraditional view of masculinity and if they perceived little conflict between their work and family life. Also, the greater the wives' contribution to family income, the greater the husbands' participation in cleaning and cooking. Finally, a traditional view of masculinity tended to decrease involvement in household tasks by increasing the perception of conflict between work and home life.
Fundamentalism, Suicide, and Homicide
Authors: Lester David
Published: August 2011

The percentage of fundamentalists in the USA contributed to the prediction of homicide rates of the American states in 1980 but not to the prediction of suicide rates.
Learning Set Spatial Navigation Performance in Three Mouse Strains
Authors: Petrie B. F.
Published: August 2011

Swiss Webster (SW), Dilute Brown Agouti (DBA), and Deer Mice (DM) were tested for acquisition and retention of a learning set place task in the Morris water maze. The learning set consisted of daily placing the hidden platform sequentially at 1 of 4 separate locations in the pool. All animals swam for 63 days in this version of the water task. SW animals were unable to find the platform reliably. The time taken by DBA and DM animals in escaping the pool declined rapidly, reaching asymptote within 21 days. The DM animals reached the platform significantly faster than either SW or DBA mice. Analyses of swim path selection used by the 3 strains indicated clearly that DM mice were the most systematic in the selecting and sequencing from a variety of potential strategies the appropriate methods necessary for the most efficient solution of the problem. The present results suggest that in light of the differences between strains observed in swimming behaviors, investigation of strain differences in the neuroanatomic structures believed to be related to the solving of spatial problems might be useful.
Prediction of Success in College Calculus: Personality, Scholastic Aptitude Test, and Screening Scores
Authors: Shaughnessy Michael F. , Spray Kris , Moore Jack , Siegel Carole
Published: August 2011

This study explored the relationship between Scholastic Aptitude Test scores, personality scores as measured by the 16 PF, Fifth Edition, and screening test scores of 87 students to predict success in college calculus. The results are discussed and implications reviewed.
Social Support Desired vs Received by High School Students in or not in a Delinquency Prevention Program
Authors: Lewamdowski Lisa M. , Westman Alida S.
Published: August 2011

A comparison between 34 adolescents in a court-referred program for prevention of delinquency and 89 students not in the program but from the same high school showed that the students in the program were more likely to receive the social support they desired. Given the program's low rate of recidivism, the role of social support needs to be replicated and explored further.
Gender Comparison of Teachers' Sense of Efficacy
Authors: Brennan Michael D. , Robison Cheri K. , Shaughnessy Michael F.
Published: August 2011

An analysis of 30 university teachers' sense of efficacy provided some evidence that teachers' belief in their ability to effect change in students given external factors was weaker for the men than for the women.
Cognitive Function in Schizophrenia: Association with Negative and Positive Symptoms
Authors: Capleton Ronald A.
Published: August 2011

20 schizophrenic patients were classified as having either predominantly negative ( n = 11) or predominantly positive symptoms ( n = 9), utilizing the Scale for the Assessment of Negative Symptoms and the Scale for the Assessment of Positive Symptoms. Cognitive functioning was evaluated in these participants and 10 non-patient controls using a word-fluency test and word-generation task. Finally, all participants were evaluated using the Coglab Card Sort Test, a computerized version of the Wisconsin Card Sort Test. The only reliable difference in performance among groups was on perseverative errors on the Coglab Card Sort Test Schizophrenic participants made significantly more perseverative errors than controls and those classified as having primarily negative symptoms made more perseverative errors than those classified as having predominantly positive symptoms. These findings confirm previous reports with respect to cognitive functioning of schizophrenic patients and are consistent with the hypotheses regarding frontal lobe dysfunction in schizophrenia. These data encourage research with larger samples.
Defensive and Affective-Emotional Reactions to War: The Abkhazian War as Reflected in People's Subjective Reactions
Authors: Hentschel Uwe , Sumbadze Nana , Sadzaglishvili Shorena , Mamulashvili Maia , Ulumberashvili Shorena
Published: August 2011

Differences in defensive and affective-emotional reactions of 108 male Georgian subjects who had been confronted with the consequences of the Abkhazian war in different ways (nonwounded soldiers, wounded soldiers, and civilian controls) were significant between groups on all defense scales and four of the 12 Gottschalk-Gleser scales The results are discussed from a perspective with war forming for all three groups an important life event which differentially determined their psychological reactions.
Seven Criterion-Related Validity Studies Conducted with the National Police Officer Selection Test
Authors: Rafilson Fred , Sison Ray
Published: August 2011

This is a summary of seven criterion-related validation studies conducted in the United States with The National Police Officer Selection Test (POST), a content-valid, entry-level, basic skills examination used by law enforcement agencies for preemployment screening. Correlations between POST scores and various training and work performance criteria are presented. The results provide additional evidence for the criterion-related validity of the POST as a preemployment selection instrument for law enforcement candidates.
Contributions to the History of Psychology: CIII. Commentary on Kentle's “Contributions of some Early Precursors of Five Personality Factors”
Authors: Merenda Peter F.
Published: August 2011

A commentary is made to Kentle's 1995 article citing the omission as a precursor of the five-factor approach in personality of work by Walter V. Clarke.
Personal Beliefs Scale Redux: A Model for Hypothesis Testing
Authors: Embree Robert A.
Published: August 2011

Data obtained from the Personal Beliefs Scale of Embree and Embree were used to develop an analysis of variance model for mind-body belief which emphasized a distinction between “conventional” and “unconventional” mind-body beliefs. By means of this model a critically important distinction between high scoring second-order psychosomaticism subjects was achieved. It was proposed that subjects low in unconventional/high conventional tend to employ classical logic when rating mind-body belief items and that subjects high in unconventional/high conventional mind-body belief characteristically engage in fuzzy logic. Possible applications of the model in research were discussed.
Retest Reliability of the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Revised for 18- to 19-Year-Olds
Authors: Carvajal Howard , Schrader Matthew S. , Holmes Cooper B.
Published: August 2011

Retest reliability of the WAIS-R for 18- to 19-yr.-olds was estimated for 44 undergraduates who took the test twice with 2 to 8 weeks between testings. The mean scores on subtests and IQs and the correlations of subtest scores and IQs were similar to the values obtained by Wechsler in 1981 with only two age groups, 25- to 34- and 45- to 54-yr.-old examinees.
Increasing a Sense of Self-Efficacy during a Psychiatric Nursing Placement
Authors: Sadow D. , Ryder Marie , Chick Martha Maxwell
Published: August 2011

This study examined the premise that 54 female nursing students participating in an Educational Treatment Program would feel more empowered when their role of “student” changed to that of “teacher of psychiatric patients.”
Comparison of Two Screening Tests of Competency to Stand Trial for Defendants with Mental Retardation
Authors: Smith Stuart A.
Published: August 2011

Scores for the four terms found by Smith and Hudson to predict competency to stand trial in defendants with mental retardation correlated significantly ( r = .65) with scores on the Competency Screening Test ( N = 34). Agreement between sets of scores was 84%.
Teaching Conceptual Knowledge with Multiple-Related Exemplars: Enhancement of Concept Formation, Transfer, and Absence of Stimulus Overselection
Authors: Weisberg Paul , Thiesfeldt Rebecca M.
Published: August 2011

In Exp. I ( N = 32), 4 1/2-yr.-old children discriminated between two stimulus compounds, multiple and related stimulus components displayed together (3 pairs of parallel lines vs 3 pairs of nonparallel lines) or multiple but unrelated displayed components (3 unrelated objects vs 3 other unrelated objects). Although between-group acquisition was the same, significantly more children trained with multiple-related stimulus components responded appropriately to each of the relevant components of the compound when they were presented separately during test trials, i.e., less stimulus overselection. In Exp. II ( N = 15), multiple-related training of parallelness led to faster concept attainment, and proportionally more children got almost perfect transfer scores than when training consisted of presenting pairs of single examples of parallel and nonparallel lines during each trial.
Comments on “Sense of Humor and Longevity” by Yoder and Haude
Authors: Ridley Dennis R. , Harrison Barbara S.
Published: August 2011

Yoder and Haude presented a finding in support of a positive association between sense of humor and longevity which, however, is open to alternative explanation but appropriate for more focussed research from a holistic health perspective.
Intercorrelations of Scores on the SONSO Personality Inventory and on the Gordon Personal Profile and Inventory
Authors: Kentle Robert L.
Published: August 2011

The SONSO Personality Inventory, an adjective self-rating measure of five factors, was administered with the Gordon Personal Profile to a sample of 200 university students and with the Gordon Personal Inventory to another sample of 200 students. Four of the SONSO factors had at least one correlation above .45 on one of the Gordon scales. The multiple correlations of the SONSO Personality Inventory with each of the Gordon scales were higher for the Gordon Personal Profile than for the Gordon Personal Inventory. Relations of the scales to Eysenck's Extraversion and Neuroticism were also mentioned.
A Quantitative Review of Research on Charismatic Leadership
Authors: Fuller J. Bryan , Patterson Coleman E. P. , Hester Kim , Stringer Donna Y.
Published: August 2011

This study used meta-analysis to explore the relationship between charismatic leadership and satisfaction with the leader, perceived leader's effectiveness, and performance. To maintain construct consistency Bass' 1985 conceptualization of charisma was used. Results indicate potential moderating effects for two moderators of research design (objective/subjective performance and percept-percept/multisource study design) and for two theoretically predicted moderators (organizational level of focal leader and organizational context). The results are discussed in relation to implicit leadership theory and cognitive classification theory.
Note on the Continuing Decline of Doctoral Training in Measurement
Authors: Merenda Peter F.
Published: August 2011

An evaluation is made of the current status of graduate training in psychological measurement defined in terms of psychometrics.
Interpersonal Deficits and Time Spent in Exercise or Active Recreation
Authors: Pinto Regina M. , Sarkin Andrew J.
Published: August 2011

This study was designed to investigate the hypothesis that people with interpersonal deficits would spend less time in exercise or active recreation. Participants completed a questionnaire about the time spent per week in exercise or active recreation as well as in other activities such as reading and watching television. They also completed a questionnaire designed to measure both interpersonal and cognitive-perceptual deficits. Interpersonal deficits measured were social anxiety, constricted affect, and lack of close friends. Cognitive-perceptual deficits measured were perceptual aberration, magical ideation, and ideas of reference. Analysis showed that interpersonal deficits were related to reduced time spent in exercise or active recreation. Cognitive-perceptual deficits were not associated with time spent in exercise or active recreation.
Tridimensional Personality Questionnaire: Assessment in Patients with Social Phobia and a Control Group
Authors: Kim Suck Won , Hoover Kathleen Maxwell
Published: August 2011

We administered the Tridimensional Personality Questionnaire to 40 control subjects and to 47 social phobia patients who met Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-III-R (SCID) criteria for social phobia and participated in a multicenter treatment study. Multiple comparisons with Bonferroni correction showed a significant increase in total Harm Avoidance scale scores and all four subscale scores for the social phobia group. On a Reward Dependence subscale that measures persistence versus irresoluteness the mean was significantly lower in the social phobia group than the control group. Present findings extend an earlier report of increased Harm Avoidance in major depressive disorder and other clinical diagnostic groups.
Performance on the Facts on Aging Quiz 2 by Undergraduate and Graduate Students in Communicative Disorders
Authors: Pulliam Susan , Dancer Jess
Published: August 2011

The Facts on Aging Quiz 2 was given to 20 undergraduate majors in communicative disorders, 20 first-semester graduate students, and 20 final-semester graduate students. All groups scored barely above the guessing level, suggesting that the facts on aging are not being learned through an infusion approach as students progress through their training.
The Relation between Observed and Perceived Family Structures: An Integrative Model
Authors: Comunian Anna Laura
Published: August 2011

Two methods of family structure evaluation were compared, the Georgia Family Q-sort which provides an observational measure of family interaction and the FACES III which is a self-report measure of cohesion and adaptability of the real and ideal family as perceived. Both measures were used with family groups of various sizes and compositions. Integrative data association of family-relevant information was used to assess the interactional structure of 20 one-parent and 20 two-parent family groups. The Q-sort procedure provided integrative data in terms of the situations in which the family is observed. The self-report measure provided integrative data in terms of responders' self-relevant perceptions (social or personal). Some support was found for both procedures. Correlations between the Q-sort clusters and self-report clusters were considered. The integrated use of the two methods is preferred because the integration provides more information about family structure.
Picnics, Flowers, and Moonlight Strolls: An Exploration of Routine Love Behaviors
Authors: Lemieux Robert
Published: August 2011

This study focused on the behavioral aspect of love, with a purpose of explicating routine behaviors associated with love. A 37-item Love Behaviors Scale was created to explicate those behaviors indicative of expressing love towards a romantic partner. Analysis of the resulting factor matrix yielded a reliable five-factor structure of the behaviors—Mutual Activity, Special Occasion, Offerings, Selfless, Sacrifices. Although both genders considered the behaviors to be love-related, women placed greater emphasis on the behaviors than men. Individuals who had never been in love also perceived the behaviors as love-related. Participants also indicated 13 additional behaviors which should be included in the Love Behaviors Scale.
Content Differences in Suicide Notes by Gender and Age: Serendipitous Findings
Authors: Linn Marge , Lester David
Published: August 2011

In a sample of 40 German suicide notes, no gender differences were identified. Suicide notes of older people had fewer feelings of inadequacy and more indications of illness and grief over widowhood.
Assessing Variability of HIV Transmission Attitudes and Behaviors at an Urban Northeastern University
Authors: Donnelly Joseph , Donnelly Maryam , Kittleson Mark J. , Procaccino Anthony T. , Duncan David F. , Fogarty Kieran J. , McClerren Bryan L.
Published: August 2011

Teenagers in the United States are one of the populations whose HIV infection rates are increasing most rapidly. This study was designed to measure college students' knowledge of HIV transmission methods using Kittleson and Venglarcik's HIV Transmission Survey. Participants ( N = 167) were divided into two groups, 99 students from a rural background and 68 students from an urban background. Students from an urban background were significantly more knowledgeable about documented HIV transmission modes than students from a rural background. Men were significantly less aware of documented HIV transmission modes than women. These results suggest that education about AIDS needs to be improved. The current educational procedures do not properly inform students in a fashion which exhibits the true risk of infection and those behaviors which increase risk. Fifteen years after the discovery of the HIV virus students are still largely unaware that they are at risk for contracting a fatal disease.