bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Development of an Aerosol Assimilation System Using a Global Non‐Hydrostatic Model, a 2‐Dimensional Variational Method, and Multiple Satellite‐Based Aerosol Products
Authors: Goto D. , Nishizawa T. , Uchida J. , Yumimoto K. , Jin Y. , Higurashi A. , Shimizu A. , Sugata S. , Yashiro H. , Hayasaki M. , Dai T. , Cheng Y. , Tanimoto H.
Published: August 2024

The computational balance between the model grid resolution and the complexity of the data assimilation technique is essential for accurate aerosol forecasting and obtaining aerosol reanalysis data sets. This study aimed to develop a high‐resolution aerosol assimilation system. A 2‐dimensional variational method (2DVar) was implemented in a non‐hydrostatic icosahedral atmospheric model (NICAM). This new model (NICAM/2DVar), with a global grid size of 56 km, assimilated the observed aerosol optical depth (AOD) that is estimated by combining multiple products of geostationary and polar‐orbital satellites. The model results were evaluated against ground‐based AOD observations on a global scale. They exhibited higher correlations, lower uncertainties, and lower biases than those obtained without the 2DVar. The model also reproduced the observed surface aerosols (PM2.5) mass concentrations, especially in Kyushu, Japan. This occurred because the satellite‐estimated AODs over ocean close to air pollution sources were obtained for many occasions. The correlation coefficient values against the PM2.5 observations increased from 0.44 to 0.65 compared to the results without the 2DVar. The impact of the 2DVar on the forecast results was investigated, and the forecast values for 2–3 days were improved. Because satellite‐retrieved AODs are often lacking over land owing to retrieval difficulties, the use of ground‐based AODs in assimilations is essential for precise processing the of aerosol reanalysis data sets. The computational cost with the use of the 2DVar was only 0.6% more than that without its use. Thus, aerosol assimilation using the NICAM/2DVar can be realistically extended to finer grid sizes.
Observed APO Seasonal Cycle in the Pacific: Estimation of Autumn O2 Oceanic Emissions
Authors: Tohjima Y. , Shirai T. , Ishizawa M. , Mukai H. , Machida T. , Sasakawa M. , Terao Y. , Tsuboi K. , Takao S. , Nakaoka S.
Published: August 2024

In this work, we investigated the seasonal cycle of atmospheric potential oxygen (APO), a unique tracer of air‐sea gas exchanges of molecular oxygen (O2) and carbon dioxide (CO2), expressed as APO = O2 + 1.1 × CO2. APO data were obtained from flask air samples collected since the late 1990s at three Japanese ground stations and on commercial cargo ships sailing between Japan and Australia/New Zealand, North America, and Southeast Asia. We also analyzed the APO spatial distribution and seasonal cycles with simulations from an atmospheric transport model using climatological oceanic O2 fluxes from an empirical product that relate O2 flux to ocean heat as input. Model simulations reproduced the observed APO seasonal cycles generally well, but with larger amplitudes and earlier occurrence of seasonal minima and maxima than in the observations. Moreover, the observed seasonal cycles exhibited larger APO enhancements than the simulations in autumn and early winter, especially in the North Pacific at 20°N–60°N. These enhancements remained when refining the comparison by adjusting the simulated APO peak‐to‐peak amplitudes and seasonal phases to the observations. This suggests additional O2 emissions in the North Pacific, not well expressed in the air‐sea O2 fluxes used as input for our model simulations. The average autumn enhancement at 40°N–60°N was approximately twice that measured at 20°N–40°N. Confirming previous studies, our results indicate two distinct mechanisms possibly contributing to the additional oceanic O2 emissions: outgassing from a subsurface shallow oxygen maximum at 20°N–40°N and autumn phytoplankton bloom at 40°N–60°N.
Diurnal Temperature Range Trends Differ Below and Above the Melting Point
Authors: Pithan Felix , Schatt Leonhard
Published: August 2024

The globally averaged diurnal temperature range (DTR) has shrunk since the mid‐20th century, and climate models project further shrinking. Observations indicate a slowdown or reversal of this trend in recent decades. Here, we show that DTR has a minimum for average temperatures close to 0°C. Observed DTR shrinks strongly at colder temperature, where warming shifts the average temperature toward the DTR minimum, and expands at warmer temperature, where warming shifts the average temperature away from the DTR minimum. Most, but not all climate models reproduce the minimum DTR close to average temperatures of 0°C and a stronger DTR shrinking at colder temperature. In models that reproduce the DTR minimum, DTR shrinking slows down significantly in recent decades. Models project that the global‐mean DTR will shrink over the 21st century, and models with a DTR minimum close to 0°C project slower shrinking than other models.
From Bottom‐Water Production to Warm Water Intrusions—The Cenozoic History of Bottom‐Current Evolution Offshore the Denman‐Shackleton Region, East Antarctica
Authors: Hochmuth K. , Whittaker J. , Huang X.
Published: August 2024

The deep glacial trough and hinterland of the Denman Glacier (East Antarctica) makes the area around the Shackleton ice shelf sensitive to ice loss due to warmer deep water intruding onto the continental shelf in the near future. In addition, the configuration of the ocean currents offshore is an important factor in priming the local and regional vulnerability to warm water intrusions. Here, we use reflection seismic data sets from the Bruce Rise offshore the Denman‐Shackleton region to investigate the Cenozoic history of the ocean bottom current configurations offshore and their influence on the Cenozoic sedimentation patterns of the Denman‐Shackleton region. On the Bruce Rise, sediment drift building, and erosional features indicate three distinct ocean current configurations, (a) the production of dense shelf waters in times of a smaller East Antarctic Ice Sheet (EAIS), (b) periods dominated by a strong Antarctic Slope Current (ASC) and (c) periods with a weak ASC. During the early establishment of the EAIS, the Denman‐Shackleton area contributed to the production of Antarctic Bottom Water, a process which stabilizes the regional ice sheet. With a growing icesheet, the ASC strengthened representing an effective barrier between the continental shelf and the warmer water masses of the deeper ocean during most of the times of an extended EAIS. The transition in the paleoceanographic setting from a strong, erosive ASC, toward a weak ASC increases the vulnerability of the Denman‐Shackleton continental shelf to deep water intrusions as we are observing today.
Pore‐Morphology‐Based Estimation of the Freezing Characteristic Curve of Water‐Saturated Porous Media
Authors: Suh Hyoung Suk , Na SeonHong , Choo Jinhyun
Published: August 2024

Assessment of freezing effects on soil requires estimating the soil freezing characteristic curve (SFCC)—the variation of unfrozen water content with temperature. The existing methods for obtaining SFCCs often involve either costly experiments or heuristic inference from water retention data. Here, we propose a pore‐morphology‐based method for simple and efficient estimation of the freezing characteristic curve of water‐saturated porous media, whereby the pore‐scale configurations of water and ice phases are simulated in a digital image of porous microstructure. Idealizing the pore space as a system of overlapping spherical pores, the method simulates the freezing process with the Gibbs‐Thomson equation that can consider freezing‐point depression—a decrease in the freezing point due to spatial confinement—based on thermodynamics. For validation, we apply the proposed method to estimate the SFCC of a field soil for which the experimental freezing characteristics data are available. Results show that even with a digital pore image extracted from a surrogate discrete‐element packing of the soil, the proposed method provides an SFCC very close to the experimental data.
Intelligent drugs based on notch protein remodeling: a defensive targeting strategy for tumor therapy
Authors: Sun Yuliang , Lu Yilin , Li Xinze , He Yanan , Yong Then Kong , Keng Cheong Soon , Yahaya Badrul , Liu Yanli , Lin Juntang
Published: August 2024

In the process of tumor treatment, systemic drug administration is hindered by biological barriers, leading to the retention of a large number of drug molecules in healthy tissues and causing unavoidable side effects. The precise deployment of drugs at the tumor site is expected to alleviate this phenomenon. Here, we take endostatin and Her2 (+) tumors as examples and develop an intelligent drug with simple “wisdom” by endowing mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) with an intelligent response program (iMSCEndostatin). It can autonomously perceive and distinguish tumor cells from non-tumor cells, establishing a logical connection between tumor signals and drug release. Enable it to selectively deploy drugs at the tumor site, thereby locking the toxicity of drugs at the tumor site. Unlike traditional aggressive targeting strategies that aim to increase drug concentration at the lesion, intelligent drugs are more inclined to be defensive strategies that prevent the presence of drugs in healthy tissues.
Trifunctional sphingomyelin derivatives enable nanoscale resolution of sphingomyelin turnover in physiological and infection processes via expansion microscopy
Authors: Rühling Marcel , Kersting Louise , Wagner Fabienne , Schumacher Fabian , Wigger Dominik , Helmerich Dominic A. , Pfeuffer Tom , Elflein Robin , Kappe Christian , Sauer Markus , Arenz Christoph , Kleuser Burkhard , Rudel Thomas , Fraunholz Martin , Seibel Jürgen
Published: August 2024

Sphingomyelin is a key molecule of sphingolipid metabolism, and its enzymatic breakdown is associated with various infectious diseases. Here, we introduce trifunctional sphingomyelin derivatives that enable the visualization of sphingomyelin distribution and sphingomyelinase activity in infection processes. We demonstrate this by determining the activity of a bacterial sphingomyelinase on the plasma membrane of host cells using a combination of Förster resonance energy transfer and expansion microscopy. We further use our trifunctional sphingomyelin probes to visualize their metabolic state during infections with Chlamydia trachomatis and thereby show that chlamydial inclusions primarily contain the cleaved forms of the molecules. Using expansion microscopy, we observe that the proportion of metabolized molecules increases during maturation from reticulate to elementary bodies, indicating different membrane compositions between the two chlamydial developmental forms. Expansion microscopy of trifunctional sphingomyelins thus provides a powerful microscopy tool to analyze sphingomyelin metabolism in cells at nanoscale resolution.
P53-dependent hypusination of eIF5A affects mitochondrial translation and senescence immune surveillance
Authors: Jiang Xiangli , Baig Ali Hyder , Palazzo Giuliana , Del Pizzo Rossella , Bortecen Toman , Groessl Sven , Zaal Esther A. , Amaya Ramirez Cinthia Claudia , Kowar Alexander , Aviles-Huerta Daniela , Berkers Celia R. , Palm Wilhelm , Tschaharganeh Darjus , Krijgsveld Jeroen , Loayza-Puch Fabricio
Published: August 2024

Cellular senescence is characterized by a permanent growth arrest and is associated with tissue aging and cancer. Senescent cells secrete a number of different cytokines referred to as the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP), which impacts the surrounding tissue and immune response. Here, we find that senescent cells exhibit higher rates of protein synthesis compared to proliferating cells and identify eIF5A as a crucial regulator of this process. Polyamine metabolism and hypusination of eIF5A play a pivotal role in sustaining elevated levels of protein synthesis in senescent cells. Mechanistically, we identify a p53-dependent program in senescent cells that maintains hypusination levels of eIF5A. Finally, we demonstrate that functional eIF5A is required for synthesizing mitochondrial ribosomal proteins and monitoring the immune clearance of premalignant senescent cells in vivo. Our findings establish an important role of protein synthesis during cellular senescence and suggest a link between eIF5A, polyamine metabolism, and senescence immune surveillance.
An integrated single-cell reference atlas of the human endometrium
Authors: Marečková Magda , Garcia-Alonso Luz , Moullet Marie , Lorenzi Valentina , Petryszak Robert , Sancho-Serra Carmen , Oszlanczi Agnes , Icoresi Mazzeo Cecilia , Wong Frederick C. K. , Kelava Iva , Hoffman Sophie , Krassowski Michał , Garbutt Kurtis , Gaitskell Kezia , Yancheva Slaveya , Woon Ee Von , Male Victoria , Granne Ingrid , Hellner Karin , Mahbubani Krishnaa T. , Saeb-Parsy Kourosh , Lotfollahi Mohammad , Prigmore Elena , Southcombe Jennifer , Dragovic Rebecca A. , Becker Christian M. , Zondervan Krina T. , Vento-Tormo Roser
Published: August 2024

The complex and dynamic cellular composition of the human endometrium remains poorly understood. Previous endometrial single-cell atlases profiled few donors and lacked consensus in defining cell types. We introduce the Human Endometrial Cell Atlas (HECA), a high-resolution single-cell reference atlas (313,527 cells) combining published and new endometrial single-cell transcriptomics datasets of 63 women with and without endometriosis. HECA assigns consensus and identifies previously unreported cell types, mapped in situ using spatial transcriptomics and validated using a new independent single-nuclei dataset (312,246 nuclei, 63 donors). In the functionalis, we identify intricate stromal–epithelial cell coordination via transforming growth factor beta (TGFβ) signaling. In the basalis, we define signaling between fibroblasts and an epithelial population expressing progenitor markers. Integration of HECA with large-scale endometriosis genome-wide association study data pinpoints decidualized stromal cells and macrophages as most likely dysregulated in endometriosis. The HECA is a valuable resource for studying endometrial physiology and disorders, and for guiding microphysiological in vitro systems development.
Enhanced radiation shielding efficiency of polystyrene nanocomposites with tailored lead oxide nanoparticles
Authors: Gouda Mona M. , Osman Ahmad Firas , Awad Ramadan , Badawi Mohamed S.
Published: August 2024

In this study, we investigated a novel polymer nano-composite, PS-PbO, containing two distinct nano-sizes of lead oxide nanoparticles (PbO-A and PbO-B), in addition to the bulk size (PbO-K). These nanoparticles were embedded separately in a polystyrene (PS) matrix at different weight percentages (10%, 15%, 25%, and 35%) using roll mill mixing and compressing molding. Our evaluation focused on the radiation attenuation ability of PS-PbO and the effect of particle size, considering gamma-ray energies ranging from 0.06 to 1.3 MeV (from sources like 241Am, 133Ba, 137Cs, and 60Co). The linear attenuation coefficient (LAC) was determined by analyzing samples of the synthesized composite with different thicknesses. Then, various shielding parameters were calculated, including total molecular, atomic, and electronic cross-sections (σmol, σatm, σel), as well as the effective atomic number and the electron density (Zeff and Neff). Surprisingly, modifying PbO particle sizes had a significant impact on shielding efficiency. For instance, the composite with 25 wt% of the smallest PbO-B particles showed a 26.7% increase in LAC at 0.059 keV compared to the composite with 25 wt% of PbO-K (larger particles). Notably, the LAC peaked at low energy (0.059 keV), close to the K-edge of Pb, where interaction is directly proportional to Z4. With increasing PbO concentrations, the LAC of PS-PbO composites increased steadily. Additionally, as PbO concentration increased, the composite’s effective atomic number Zeff and the electron density Neff increased, leading to a greater total Gamma-ray interaction cross-section. Furthermore, when comparing the Half-Value Layers of the novel nanocomposite to traditional lead shielding, a 70% reduction in mass was observed. Notably, the composite containing the smallest nano-size of PbO exhibited the highest radiation-shielding efficiency among all combinations and could therefore be used to create inexpensive and lightweight shields.
Comparing competing characterizations suggests there might be more than one type of interest
Authors: Dukes Daniel , Audrin Catherine , Clément Fabrice , Mortillaro Marcello
Published: August 2024

Although there is general consensus concerning the importance and function of interest in our daily lives, there is little agreement about its nature. Four studies of increasing ecological validity (total N = 993) were carried out to compare two different characterizations of interest in terms of the key appraisals involved. The findings indicate that while a two-appraisal model is suitable to explain the interest we can feel towards simple stimuli, a more complex model may better capture the nature of interest in the real world. Further analysis suggested the contrasting previous results could be resolved by arguing that previous models of interest capture different types of interest. This novel finding represents a promising first step towards a more definitive definition of interest, and suggests that while interest may always be related to motivating exploration, learning and general well-being, researchers should be more precise about the type of interest to which they refer.
Predictors of residual tricuspid regurgitation after interventional therapy: an automated deep-learning CT analysis
Authors: Mattig Isabel , Romero Dorta Elena , Fitch Katherine , Lembcke Alexander , Dewey Marc , Stangl Karl , Dreger Henryk
Published: August 2024

Computed tomography (CT) is used as a valuable tool for device selection for interventional therapy in tricuspid regurgitation (TR). We aimed to evaluate predictors of TR reduction using CT and automated deep learning algorithms. Patients with severe to torrential TR and CTs prior to either percutaneous annuloplasty (PA) or tricuspid transcatheter edge-to-edge repair (T-TEER) were enrolled. CTs were analyzed using automated deep learning algorithms to assess tricuspid valve anatomy, right heart morphology, and function. Outcome parameters comprised post-interventional TR ≤ 1 and all-cause mortality. 84 patients with T-TEER (n = 32) or PA treatment (n = 52) were enrolled. Patients with a post-interventional TR ≤ 1 presented lower tenting heights and smaller tenting angles compared to patients with a TR > 1. Tenting height showed the best accuracy for post-interventional TR > 1 with an AUC of 0.756 (95% CI 0.560–0.951) in the T-TEER and 0.658 (95% CI 0.501–0.815) in the PA group, consistent with a suggested threshold of 6.8 mm and 9.2 mm, respectively. Patients with a post-interventional TR ≤ 1 exhibited a mortality of 4% and those with a TR > 1 of 12% during a follow-up of 331 ± 300 and 370 ± 265 days, respectively (p = 0.124). To conclude, tenting is associated with procedural outcomes and should be considered during screening for interventional TR therapy.
Iterative printing of bulk metal and polymer for additive manufacturing of multi-layer electronic circuits
Authors: Khan Zeba , Gururajan Dheepesh , Kartmann Sabrina , Koltay Peter , Zengerle Roland , Shu Zhe
Published: August 2024

In pursuing advancing additive manufacturing (AM) techniques for 3D objects, this study combines AM techniques for bulk metal and polymer on a single platform for one-stop printing of multilayer 3D electronic circuits with two novel aspects. The first innovation involves the embedded integration of electronic circuits by printing low-resistance electrical traces from bulk metal into polymer channels. Cross-section grinding results reveal (92 ± 5)% occupancy of electrically conductive traces in polymer channels despite the different thermal properties of the two materials. The second aspect encompasses the possibility of printing vertical bulk metal vias up to 10 mm in height with the potential for expansion, interconnecting electrically conductive traces embedded in different layers of the 3D object. The work provides comprehensive 3D printing design guidelines for successfully integrating fully embedded electrically conductive traces and the interconnecting vertical bulk metal vias. A smooth and continuous workflow is also introduced, enabling a single-run print of functional multilayer embedded 3D electronics. The design rules and the workflow facilitate the iterative printing of two distinct materials, each defined by unique printing temperatures and techniques. Observations indicate that conductive traces using molten metal microdroplets show a 12-fold reduction in resistance compared to nanoparticle ink-based methods, meaning this technique greatly complements multi-material additive manufacturing (MM-AM). The work presents insights into the behavior of molten metal microdroplets on a polymer substrate when printed through the MM-AM process. It explores their characteristics in two scenarios: When they are deposited side-by-side to form conductive traces and when they are deposited out-of-plane to create vertical bulk metal vias. The innovative application of MM-AM to produce multilayer embedded 3D electronics with bulk metal and polymer demonstrates significant potential for realizing the fabrication of free-form 3D electronics.
Bifunctional Electrocatalysts for Unitized Regenerative Fuel Cells
Authors: Gupta Tarisha , Mondal Biswajit
Published: August 2024

During the transition from conventional energy sources to sustainable alternatives, the role of energy storage and conversion is pivotal. Unitized regenerative fuel cells (URFCs) have attracted significant attention as promising energy storage and conversion devices owing to their ability to operate in both fuel cell (FC) and electrolyser (EL) modes within a compact single cell. They possess several advantages, including high power density, high specific energy density, light-weight design, low-cost production, high efficiency, long lifespan, and near-zero environmental impact. The development of efficient and durable bifunctional electrocatalysts is essential for the practical implementation and outstanding performance of URFCs. In URFCs, oxygen holds greater significance than hydrogen because its electrochemical reactions at the interface between the electrolyte and the electrode tend to be slow and intricate, primarily due to the pronounced irreversibility of oxygen-related processes. This chapter begins with a brief introduction to various types of FCs, setting the context for the subsequent discussion on URFCs. It provides an overview of bifunctional electrocatalysts in URFCs, highlighting their role in the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER). It also discusses bifunctional oxygen catalysts (BOCs) reported in the literature, along with a brief discussion of bifunctional hydrogen catalysts (BHCs). The chapter systematically summarizes the recent advances, challenges, and prospects related to bifunctional catalysts, which are critical for the performance of URFCs.
Multifunctional Electrocatalysts for Low-temperature Solid Oxide Fuel Cells
Authors: Loubani Mohammad El , Chalaki Habib Rostaghi , Yang Gene , Lee Dongkyu
Published: August 2024

Rapidly growing attention is being directed to the investigation of multifunctional electrocatalysts for the development of low-temperature solid oxide fuel cells (LT-SOFCs). In the first section, multifunctional electrocatalyst materials, particularly, ABO3 perovskites and layered perovskites, used for SOFCs are categorized and reviewed comprehensively. The subsequent section delves into strategies centered on nanostructuring aimed at enhancing the performance of these multifunctional electrocatalysts. The concluding section summarizes multifaceted strategies, from perovskite structures to innovative methods, to clarify each avenue’s contribution to achieving stable, efficient, and multifunctional electrocatalysts for a sustainable energy future.
Layered Double Hydroxide-based Bifunctional Electrocatalysts
Authors: Dhandapani Hariharan N. , de Aditi , Kundu Subrata
Published: August 2024

The development of bifunctional electrocatalysts that are reliable, stable, and affordable for overall water splitting reactions (OWSs) has evolved into a top priority, considering the urgent need to promote sustainable energy-based green hydrogen generation technologies. Because of the advantages associated with their special 2D layer arrangement and remarkable physical and chemical features, layered double hydroxides (LDHs) containing transition metal ions have attracted extensive research attention and are considered as bifunctional electrocatalysts with the greatest potential. This chapter provides an overview of the most recent cutting-edge approaches to the development of LDHs, such as anion intercalation, defect engineering, cation doping, preparing the hierarchical heterostructure, and the formation of LDH derivatives. The function of these LDHs in OWSs, the way in which transition metal-based catalysts can maintain the hydrogen evolution reaction/oxygen evolution reaction (HER/OER), and the reaction mechanisms are all highlighted in this chapter.
Solar interfacial evaporation systems with multi-field synergies boost water purification and blue energy harvesting technologies
Authors: Wang Baichun , Huang Xinyu , Liu Zhe , Zhang Jintai , Wei Chuyun , Cai Bohan , Xie Pengchao , Zhou Aijiao
Published: August 2024

Water purification and blue energy harvest based on SIES in synergies with light field, thermal field and hydrochemical field.
Dimensional regulation of lanthanide metal–organic frameworks and their application in bacterial detection
Authors: Gao Yifan , Gu Zhizhuo , Sun Xiaoling , Pang Jiaying , Gong Liaokuo , Xia Lian , Qu Fengli
Published: August 2024

A novel low dimensional (LD) Ln-MOF crystal is synthesized through the dimensional regulation effect of dipicolinic acid (DPA) and used to monitor nitroreductase (NTR) activity in living bacteria.
Recent progress in electrochemical C–N coupling: metal catalyst strategies and applications
Authors: Xu Lekai , Yang Zhuojun , Zhang Chao , Chen Chen
Published: August 2024

This paper's innovation lies in systematically summarizing and evaluating the latest metal catalyst design strategies and exploring their application in nitrogen sources.
Dispersion-induced cooperative hydrogen atom transfer for radical iodoalkylation
Authors: Zhu Shaoqun , Jia Lizi , Cheng Qi , Han Ying , Sun Qiu , Yu Huaguang , Chen Xiaoyun , Hou Hong
Published: August 2024

Described herein is a novel visible-light-promoted three-component radical iodo-alkylative cyclization of alkynes using iodoform as a bifunctional iodine atom source.
Annealing 1,2,4-triazine to iridium(iii) complexes induces luminogenic behaviour in bioorthogonal reactions with strained alkynes
Authors: Cooke Lydia , Gristwood Katie , Adamson Kate , Sims Mark T. , Deary Michael E. , Bruce Dawn , Antoniou Antony N. , Walden Hannah R. , Knight James C. , Antoine-Brunet Timothé , Joly Marie , Goyard David , Lanoë Pierre-Henri , Berthet Nathalie , Kozhevnikov Valery N.
Published: August 2024

The luminogenic click reaction of 1,2,4-triazine-functionalised phenanthroline iridium(iii) complexes opens easy pathways for luminescent bioconjugates.
Coordination compounds of cobalt(ii) with carboxylate non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs: structure and biological profile
Authors: Perontsis Spyros , Hatzidimitriou Antonios G. , Psomas George
Published: August 2024

Fourteen Co(ii) complexes with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and nitrogen-donors were characterised. The compounds exhibit antioxidant activity, intercalate to calf-thymus DNA, cleave slightly plasmid DNA, and bind reversibly to albumins.
Environmentally sustainable moisture energy harvester with chemically networked cellulose nanofiber
Authors: Shin EunAe , Kim Gwanho , Zhao Kaiying , Zan Guangtao , Kim HoYeon , Li Shengyou , Lee Junhyuk , Kang DongHo , Oh Jin Woo , Jung Jeyoung , Shim Jin Kie , Park Cheolmin
Published: August 2024

Chemically crosslinked cellulose nanofiber moisture energy harvester secures moisture-resistant stability, consistent high energy output, biodegradability, and recyclability. It is suitable for use in smart packaging to monitor food freshness.
β-Glucan content and in vitro bile-acid binding capacity of Agaricus bisporus and Pleurotus spp.
Authors: Belobrajdic Damien Paul , Brook Henri , James-Martin Genevieve , Stonehouse Welma
Published: August 2024

The cholesterol lowering properties of oats and barley, attributed to their high β-glucan content, are well established, but it remains unclear whether mushrooms, also rich in β-glucan, exhibit a similar functionality.
Shear stress-induced influx of extracellular calcium ions: a pivotal trigger amplifying the production of mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles
Authors: Seo Youngju , Kang Hyejin , Park Jaesung
Published: August 2024

Under shear stress, extracellular calcium ions are transported across the plasma membranes rather than released from the ER. The increased intracellular calcium ion concentration enhances EV production while preserving its therapeutic fucntion.
Unraveling the atomic-scale mechanism of interfacial alkali ion close packing in nano glassy fibers driven by CO2-mediated attraction
Authors: Wei Ying , Chen Ziwei , Sun Yongqi , Poon Chi Sun
Published: August 2024

This study reveals the significant interaction between high mobility sodium ions and CO2, leading to the accumulation of sodium ions at the interface and subsequently enhancing the alkali resistance of nano glassy fiber.
Magnetism of metastable γ-Fe85Pd15 nanowire arrays across an unusually broad temperature range (5 K to 800 K)
Authors: Bercoff Paula G. , Aprea Soledad , Céspedes Eva , Martínez José Luis , Urreta Silvia E. , Vázquez Manuel
Published: August 2024

Arrays of Fe85Pd15 cylindrical nanowires of the γ-Fe(Pd) fcc phase were magnetically characterized from 5 K to 800 K. Ms is well described by two contributions: spin-glass-like from the surface and ordered core spins.
Recent development in the synthesis of imidazo[1,5-a]indole derivatives: an in-depth overview
Authors: Diana Elizabeth J. , Jose Jisna , Mathew Thomas V.
Published: August 2024

The review explores synthetic routes to imidazo[1,5-a]indole scaffolds, focusing on transition metal-catalyzed methods, including [4 + 1] annulation, C–H activation/cyclization, double cyclization, and other strategies, offering a deep insight.
Copper-catalyzed deborodeuteration of arylboronic acids/borates using D2O as the deuterium source
Authors: Yang Mingqi , Chen Tao , Xu Ze-Feng , Yu Mingming , Li Chuan-Ying
Published: August 2024

Employing the cost-effective deuterium source D2O, a straightforward copper-catalyzed deborodeuteration of arylboronic acids and borates was achieved.
Achievement of a giant electromechanical conversion coefficient in a molecule-based ferroelectric
Authors: Wang Bin , Li Zhirui , Tang Zhengxiao , Zhao Haixia , Long Lasheng , Zheng Lansun
Published: August 2024

A molecule-based ferroelectric, possessing the highest d33 × g33 values recorded to date, achieves a record power density of 120 μW cm−2 in ferroelectric@PDMS PEGs, offering a viable method to enhance the electromechanical conversion coefficient.
Decoupled tin–silver batteries with long cycle life and power output stability based on dendrite-free tin anode and halide insertion cathode chemistry
Authors: Shi Feifei , Wu Yudong , Wang Binyan , Bai Jiawei , Ren Yihan , Yang Tao , Mo Funian , Ho Derek , Hu Haibo
Published: August 2024

By leveraging efficient deposition-dissolution process at Sn anode and reversible solid-to-solid conversion of Ag to AgCl at AgNWs/CNT hybrid cathode, the decoupled Sn–Ag cell design improves the cycling stability in traditional Ag-based batteries.
Discovery of telomerase inhibitors: existing strategies and emerging innovations
Authors: Kageler Lauren , Aquilanti Elisa
Published: August 2024

Telomerase, crucial for maintaining telomere length, is an attractive target for cancer therapy due to its role in cellular immortality. Despite three decades of research efforts, no small-molecule telomerase inhibitors have been clinically approved, highlighting the extensive challenges in developing effective telomerase-based therapeutics. This review examines conventional and emerging methods to measure telomerase activity and discusses existing inhibitors, including oligonucleotides and small molecules. Furthermore, this review highlights recent breakthroughs in structural studies of telomerase using cryo-electron microscopy, which can facilitate improved structure-based drug design. Altogether, advancements in structural methodologies and high-throughput screening offer promising prospects for telomerase-based cancer therapeutic development.
Does AMPK bind glycogen in skeletal muscle or is the relationship correlative?
Authors: Frankish Barnaby P. , Murphy Robyn M.
Published: August 2024

Since its discovery over five decades ago, an emphasis on better understanding the structure and functional role of AMPK has been prevalent. In that time, the role of AMPK as a heterotrimeric enzyme that senses the energy state of various cell types has been established. Skeletal muscle is a dynamic, plastic tissue that adapts to both functional and metabolic demands of the human body, such as muscle contraction or exercise. With a deliberate focus on AMPK in skeletal muscle, this review places a physiological lens to the association of AMPK and glycogen that has been established biochemically. It discusses that, to date, no in vivo association of AMPK with glycogen has been shown and this is not altered with interventions, either by physiological or biochemical utilisation of glycogen in skeletal muscle. The reason for this is likely due to the persistent phosphorylation of Thr148 in the β-subunit of AMPK which prevents AMPK from binding to carbohydrate domains. This review presents the correlative data that suggests AMPK senses glycogen utilisation through a direct interaction with glycogen, the biochemical data showing that AMPK can bind carbohydrate in vitro, and highlights that in a physiological setting of rodent skeletal muscle, AMPK does not directly bind to glycogen.
Cross-Linguistic and Multicultural Considerations in Evaluating Bilingual Adults With Aphasia
Authors: Sung Jee Eun , Scimeca Michael , Li Ran , Kiran Swathi
Published: August 2024

Purpose:

The current study delineated a clinical and theoretical framework that clinicians and researchers can use to guide the assessment of bilingual aphasia at morphosyntactic, lexical–semantic, and phonological levels of language processing.

Method:

This tutorial outlines cross-linguistic and multicultural considerations that should be addressed in evaluating bilingual adults with aphasia (BWAs).

Results:

At the morphosyntactic level, we presented three features that should be taken into account when evaluating linguistic symptoms in languages considering whether they are typologically similar or dissimilar: word order, pro(noun)-drop, and morphological inflections of verbs. We suggest that clinicians need to conduct additional error analyses that reflect typological differences in syntactic templates, argument-deletion phenomena, and morphological inflections to better understand linguistic characteristics of impairments arising from the interactions of the two languages that may differ in many ways. At the lexical–semantic level, we addressed three cross-linguistic features that may impact naming performance in BWAs: cognates, lexical frequency, and semantic typicality. The presence of cognates between the two languages can lead to differential interpretations of naming performance. In addition, the same lexical items may exhibit varying lexical frequency and typicality across languages due to cultural and linguistic differences. We suggest that clinicians should thoroughly prepare the testing items considering the linguistic distance. Finally, we emphasized differences in segmental and suprasegmental features of phonology that could contribute to cross-linguistic phenomena during assessment of two or more languages.

Conclusions:

This cross-linguistic assessment framework contributes to a better understanding of linguistic impairments and communication difficulties experienced by BWAs. This framework can be utilized in current clinical practice to facilitate culturally and linguistically appropriate assessment and treatment approaches for BWAs.
Physical properties of extreme emission-line galaxies at z ∼ 4–9 from the JWST CEERS survey
Authors: Llerena M. , Amorín R. , Pentericci L. , Arrabal Haro P. , Backhaus B. E. , Bagley M. B. , Calabrò A. , Cleri N. J. , Davis K. , Dickinson M. , Finkelstein S. L. , Gawiser E. , Grogin N. A. , Hathi N. P. , Hirschmann M. , Kartaltepe J. S. , Koekemoer A. M. , McGrath E. J. , Mobasher B. , Napolitano L. , Papovich C. , Pirzkal N. , Trump J. R. , Wilkins S. M. , Yung L. Y. A.
Published: August 2024

Context. Extreme emission line galaxies (EELGs) are typically characterized by high equivalent widths (EWs) which are driven by elevated specific star formation rates (sSFRs) in low-mass galaxies with subsolar metallicities and little dust. Such extreme systems are exceedingly rare in the local universe, but the number density of EELGs increases with increasing redshift. Such starburst galaxies are currently strongly presumed to be the main drivers of hydrogen reionization over 5.5 < z < 15, which serves to motivate many of the searches for high-z EELGs.

Aims. We aim to characterize the physical properties of a sample of ∼730 EELGs at 4 ≲ z < 9 photometrically selected from the CEERS survey using JWST/NIRCam. We validate our method and demonstrate the main physical properties of a subset of EELGs using NIRSpec spectra.

Methods. We create synthetic NIRCam observations of EELGs using empirical templates based on ∼2000 local metal-poor starbursts to select EELGs based on color-color criteria. We study their properties based on SED fitting and flux excess from emission lines in the photometric filters.

Results. Our sample of EELGs has a mean stellar mass of 107.84 M⊙ with high sSFRs from SED fitting with a mean value of 10−7.03 yr−1. We consider a delayed-τ model for the star formation history and find our sample of EELGs are young with a mean value of the time after the onset of star formation of 45 Myr. We find that they have similar line ratios to local metal-poor starburst galaxies with high log([OIII]/Hβ) ≳ 0.4−1 which indicates that star formation may be the dominant source of ionization in these galaxies. Based on the photometric fluxes and morphologies, we find an increase of EW([OIII]+Hβ) with sSFR and ΣSFR, and a decrease with age and stellar mass. The sample of EELGs can reach ΣSFR > 10 M⊙ yr−1 kpc−2 which indicate they are strong candidates of LyC leakers. Another indirect indicator is the high values of O32 > 5 that can be reached for some galaxies in the sample. This indicates that they may have the conditions to facilitate the escape of ionizing photons.
Intensification of the process of producing phosphorus-containing fertilizers using industrial waste
Authors: Gumbatov M. O. , Sadigov R. A. , Huseynov M. A. , Shirinova D. B.
Published: August 2024

A study was conducted to study the possibility of intensifying the process of phosphorus-containing fertilizer, in particular superphosphate, using industrial waste. Based on retrospective analyzes of literature data on known methods for producing phosphorus-containing fertilizers, experimental studies were carried out using silicon-containing gel, danburite mineral , and organic acids. Based on theoretical and experimental data, the conditions and parameters that allow the intensification of this process are determined.
Study of biological and agronomical evaluation of tomato
Authors: Vardanyan V. A. , Kirakosyan G. V. , Shaboyan G. , Simonyan R. K. , Sarikyan K. M.
Published: August 2024

In the work, the biological and agronomic evaluation studies of tomato varieties Lia, Titan, Orange, Eraz, Marine and Cherry Zeytun were carried out. The results of the study of biological and agronomic characteristics of tomato varieties showed that from seed germination to seedling took 5-7 days, from flowers - 65-74 days, seed germination from first harvest or biological maturity - 102-114. days. According to the research results, tomato yield: Lia (St) 701.25c/ha, Titan: 965.5 c/ha, Orange: 900.3 c/ha, Eraz (St): 853c/ha, Marine: 1055.55 c/ha. , Zeytun was 32.5 c/ha. Titan, Orange, Marine varieties stood out for their high yield, which surpassed the testers. The content of dry matter in tomato varieties Lia (St) was 7.3%, Titan: 7.5%, Orange: 7.2%, Eraz (St): 7.3%, Marine: 7.4%, Zeytun: 7.6%. Lia (St) sugar content was 4.8%, Titan: 4.9%, Orange: 4.1%, Eraz (St): 4.5%, Marine: 4.7%, Zeytun: 5.1% , vitamin C content: 35.65, 37.65, 35.75, 33.55, 33.65, 38.55 mg%, acidity - 0.45, 0.46, 0.51, 0.47, 0.48, 0.48%, respectively. Titan, Marine, Zeytun. The results of the cultivation of new varieties of tomatoes Titan, Orange, Marine, Zeytun, according to biological and agronomic assessment, are adaptive in the hot climate conditions of Armenia.
Development of modern research methodology atmosphere pollution in Bishkek city based on a mobile ecological laboratory
Authors: Glazunov D. V.
Published: August 2024

The work substantiates the need for scientific development to improve environmental pollution in the city of Bishkek. It has been proven that during the autumn-winter period there is increased air pollution from many different sources. It is proposed to use comprehensive scientific research to identify sources of smog formation, its composition and sources of pollution. The presented method allows one to obtain a vast array of information on air pollution. The need has been established to continue comprehensive monitoring of the environmental situation in our city. It is proposed, based on environmental monitoring, to develop certain conclusions and recommendations to reduce the presence of harmful substances in the air, especially with the beginning of the autumn-winter period.
Pathomorphological changes in monieziosis of goats
Authors: Yunusov Khudaynazar , Eshmatov Shuxrat , Kuliyev Bokhodir , Taylakov Tolib , Achilov Odil , Akhmedov Sunnat
Published: August 2024

The article describes the state of the body, changes in the mucous membranes, subcutaneous tissue, the appearance of blood, internal organs, lymph nodes, integumentary organs, changes in the stomach and intestines of goats that died due to monieziosis in natural conditions (spontaneously). As a result of the mechanical, toxic and biological effects of moniezia in the digestive organs, especially in the intestines, deep and complex changes have been studied, such as alterative, exudative and immunopathological, dystrophic, necrotic, catarrhal-hemorrhagic. In the mucous membranes of the small intestine, acute and chronic inflammation, hemorrhage, hemorrhagic infarction, intussusception, and intoxication were detected. A pathological examination revealed that these changes in the body of goats consist of hemodynamic and necrotic processes. The article presents histological changes in the parenchymal organs of goats with monieziosis. Hyperemia of the sinusoidal capillaries of the liver, hemorrhages, cardiac destrophy, disquamation, lobar pneumonia, and hemorrhages in the spleen pulp were determined. The article provides information about histiological changes in the digestive organs: abomasum, rumen, mesh and booklet, small and large intestines, in their lymph nodes - fibrinoid dystrophy, necrosis, thrombosis, acute inflammation, destruction of the endothelium, embolism, decomplexation of extravasation, desquamation, neutrophil infiltration with monieziosis of goats.
Assessment of the growth of forest seedlings in new substrates from wood waste and sewage sludge
Authors: Grafova Elena , Gavrilova Olga , Syunev Vladimir
Published: August 2024

The morphological parameters of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) seedlings grown in experimental substrates made from sewage sludge and pine shavings (substrate 1), and pine bark (substrate 2) were studied. The production time of the substrate varied: substrate 1 – 2 months, substrate 2 – 1.5 years. Seedlings of 2-year-old pine were selected for research. To analyze the parameters of seedlings, average values and square deviations were calculated, reliability was determined by Fisher and Student tests. To analyze the length of the root system, one-way analysis of variance was used in MS Excel. For roots of the 2nd order and total root length, the observed values of Fisher’s criterion are: 15.42 and 11.27, which exceeds the critical value of 3.18 and indicates a significant difference between seedlings grown in the manufactured substrates. The diameter of the root collar of seedlings grown in peat exceeded that of seedlings grown on substrate 2 by 13%, and in substrate 2 by 4.4%. Maximum root length for seedlings from substrate 1. Substrates from wood waste and sewage sludge can replace fossil peat without losing the quality of growing seedlings and contribute to the emergence of improved quality characteristics of seedlings.
Ecologization of the agricultural landscape as the basis for the effective development of agricultural production (based on the materials of the Tyumen region)
Authors: Podkovyrova Marina , Kucherov Dmitry , Podryadchikova Ekaterina
Published: August 2024

The article presents research covering the solution of the problem of preserving the natural resource potential of soils, their biological diversity in conditions of soil acidity in the steppe zone of the Tyumen region. A comprehensive assessment of the condition and use of agricultural land for agricultural land use on a landscape-ecological basis (landscape-ecological optimization of agricultural land) is proposed as a toolkit. This approach covers the principles of greening land use, rational nature management, scientifically based farming systems, responding to the strategic direction of efficient agricultural production, the formation of sustainable agricultural land use and the protection of agricultural lands of the agro-industrial complex of the region.
Iris Rabbitear Kasatik (Iris) laevigata Fischer et Meyer – distribution features on the north-western border of the area
Authors: Mel’nikov Yuriy , Troshkova Tatyana
Published: August 2024

As a result of special work, it was revealed that the Iris Rabbitear Kasatik (Iris) laevigata Fischer et Meyer is a rare species of the Irkutsk region, the Republic of Buryatia and the Transbaikal Krai. It is shown that until recently, the features of its distribution in the northwestern edge of its area were unknown. Our special long-term research has allowed us to identify it in many parts of this region. It is shown that all his finds are limited to the occurrence of small curtains of this species (2-10 flowering plants, rarely up to 20 and only in two cases 50-70 flowering stems). It has been established that this species is most common on the rivers of the Republic of Buryatia – Upper Angara and Kichera. The most typical stations of the species have been identified - very well-insulated open parts of grass-sedge swamps with separate lakes. It is shown that the main limiting factor for it is the lack of heat at the northwestern border of its area. Here, its distribution is limited by the mountain floodplain water regime. Summer floods coming from the mountains and reaching the strength of large and even catastrophic floods carry very cold waters, strongly depressing the vegetation of aquatic vegetables. It is proved that the conservation of this species can only be ensured by creating a network of differently ranked specially protected natural territories. For species with a local distribution of small parts suitable for their habitat, the organization of Natural Monuments at the republican and federal levels is the most promising.