bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Olokun head reconsidered
Authors: Craddock Paul T. , Ambers Janet , van Bellegem Maickel , Cartwright Caroline R. , Hudson Julie , La Niece Susan , Spataro Michela
Published: September 2015

The opportunity was taken in 2010 to carry out a full scientific and technical examination of the brass head from Ife, popularly known as the Olokun head, first published in 1912 by Leo Frobenius, together with a selection of other Ife heads that came to London for exhibition at the British Museum. This was especially appropriate as on its last visit some 60 years previously, the Olokun head had been examined and condemned as a sand cast copy. The present study has established beyond doubt that the Olokun head is a hollow cire perdue or lost wax casting, very similar in technique and composition to the other heads. The balance of evidence suggests that this is the head unearthed at Ife in 1910.
La problématique des « tumulus pierriers » au Mali
Authors: Sanogo Kléna , Coulibaly Nafogo
Published: September 2015

Au début du xxe siècle furent découvertes, dans plusieurs régions du sud et du centre du Mali, des structures composées d’un cercle de pierres latéritiques entourant un tertre surmontant une chambre souterraine creusée dans la latérite. Elles furent considérées successivement comme des « habitats troglodytes », des mines d’extraction du minerai de fer, des silos à grains, avant d’être attribuées par les archéologues, en 1961, à des hypogées servant de lieux de sépultures multiples. Depuis cette date, ces structures sont entrées dans le vocabulaire archéologique en Afrique de l’Ouest sous le nom générique de « tumulus pierriers ». Dès lors, toute structure ayant la même apparence extérieure a été considérée comme un tumulus. Cependant les recherches menées depuis 1979, tant par des archéologues que par des historiens, des sociolinguistes ou des spécialistes de la tradition orale, semblent indiquer qu’il s’agirait, en fait, de monuments très divers : habitats pour brigands, tumulus, hypogées recouverts d’un amas de terre ou de pierres, monuments rituels ou autres. La faible quantité de datations ne permet pas encore aujourd’hui de situer chaque type de structure dans un cadre chronologique. En attendant de ­collecter de nouvelles données, il convient donc de parler simplement de « cercles pierriers » puisqu’il est encore impossible de déterminer leur nature avant la fouille. Les futures recherches devront avoir comme impératif premier d’identifier des indices fonctionnels distinctifs en surface lors de prospections.
Pourquoi la nostalgie ?
Authors: Angé Olivia , Berliner David
Published: September 2015

La nostalgie semble être indissociable de notre époque. En Occident, un engouement nostalgique glorifiant les pratiques et les objets d’antan est omniprésent dans des domaines aussi divers que le nationalisme, les politiques patrimoniales, le consumérisme, l’industrie du tourisme, la culture populaire et les mouvements religieux ou écologiques. Ce dossier de Terrain examine les expressions contemporaines multiples de la nostalgie dans divers environnements sociaux et culturels.
Rien ne se perd, rien ne se crée, tout se regrette
Authors: BARTHOLEYNS Gil
Published: September 2015

La photographie est réputée être le médium de la nostalgie. Depuis quelques années, la photographie rétro et, de façon plus surprenante, la colorisation de photos noir et blanc sont devenues des pratiques de nostalgie volontaire. J’appelle « pronostalgie » cette émotion positive. L’objet pronostalgique est l’objet qui présente une modalité esthétique propre à susciter cette humeur que la psychologie expérimentale perçoit elle aussi comme étant plus (re)constructive que régressive.
« Un nom éternel qui jamais ne sera effacé* »
Authors: Baussant Michèle
Published: September 2015

Cet article s’intéresse aux phénomènes complexes et parfois contradictoires que recouvre la nostalgie, à partir de l’exemple des juifs d’Égypte en France. Il s’attache à en saisir les objets et les contenus, à travers les discours, et l’expérience présente de la nostalgie, telle qu’elle se donne à voir notamment au cours des pratiques et des échanges. Le rôle des langues est en particulier exploré, et plus spécifiquement celui de l’arabe, dans ses liens avec le français, comme domaine privilégié où peut s’observer un rapport nostalgique à l’Égypte, relié à la définition d’une identité juive.
Nostalgies impérialisées
Authors: Blanes Ruy Llera , Paxe Abel
Published: September 2015

Nous nous proposons ici d’explorer certains exemples de mémoire nostalgique concernant la violence et la répression qui prirent place à la fin de la colonisation portugaise en Angola. Nous examinons le cas de Vale do Loge, un ancien camp de travail forcé situé dans le nord de l’Angola où l’on observe une version (ou une inversion) de la « nostalgie impérialiste ». En décrivant l’histoire et les mémoires liées à Vale do Loge, nous avançons la possibilité de « nostalgies impérialisées », qui suggère que, plus qu’un acte de souvenir, la nostalgie produit des transitions et des espoirs au sein de temporalités politiques complexes.
Amitiés amazoniennes :Deux contre l’Un ?
Authors: Taylor Anne-Christine
Published: September 2015

Cet article reprend la question de l’amitié rituelle dans les basses terres d’Amérique du Sud, un type de relation dont l’interprétation reste controversée. Après une sommaire description des principales variantes amérindiennes de l’amitié formelle, il tente d’en dégager les traits structurels, avant d’en proposer une nouvelle interprétation : en synthétisant les rapports de méta-affinité et de méta-consanguinité, la relation rituellement constituée entre amis formels servirait d’accès à un point de vue englobant sur la société concernée, différent des perspectives construites d’ordinaire dans la plupart des rituels amazoniens. Sont ensuite examinées les implications de cette hypothèse pour l’analyse du politique dans les mondes amazoniens.
L’Angélus dans la boîte à lettres
Authors: Jr William A. Christian , Mittermaier Amira
Published: September 2015

En France, la popularité des cartes postales inspirées de L’Angélus de Jean-François Millet coïncide avec les débats publics qui ont accompagné la promulgation de la loi Combes de 1905. À partir des centaines de cartes accessibles sur le site internet de vente aux enchères Delcampe, les auteurs étudient les messages portés par les cartes, recensent le sexe des correspondants (majoritairement des femmes), et comparent les nombreuses images qui rejouent le couple en prière dans un champ. Aux diverses caractéristiques de cette production, les auteurs confrontent celles d’une autre série de cartes postales développée à la même époque, cartes représentant des Algériens priant en extérieur, expédiées en France par des militaires et des fonctionnaires civils installés en Afrique du Nord. Les auteurs mettent en évidence ce que ces deux séries de cartes postales révèlent des attitudes de l’opinion envers les « types » représentés, et l’inflexion de l’espace public par la religion.
Regulation of TLR3 Activation by S100A9
Authors: Tsai Su-Yu , Segovia Jesus A. , Chang Te-Hung , Shil Niraj K. , Pokharel Swechha M. , Kannan T. R. , Baseman Joel B. , Defrêne Joan , Pagé Nathalie , Cesaro Annabelle , Tessier Philippe A. , Bose Santanu
Published: September 2015

Recognition of viral dsRNA by endosomal TLR3 activates innate immune response during virus infection. Trafficking of TLR3 to the endolysosomal compartment arising from fusion of late endosome (LE) with lysosome is required for recognition and detection of pathogen associated molecular patterns, which results in activation of the TLR3-dependent signaling cascade. Existing knowledge about the mechanism(s) and cellular factor(s) governing TLR3 trafficking is limited. In the current study, we identified intracellular S100A9 protein as a critical regulator of TLR3 trafficking. S100A9 was required for maturation of TLR3 containing early endosome (EE) into LE, the compartment that fuses with lysosome to form the endolysosomal compartment. A drastic reduction in cytokine production was observed in S100A9-knockout (KO) primary macrophages following RNA virus infection and treatment of cells with polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid (polyIC; a dsRNA mimetic that acts as a TLR3 agonist). Mechanistic studies revealed colocalization and interaction of S100A9 with TLR3 following polyIC treatment. S100A9–TLR3 interaction was critical for maturation of TLR3 containing EE into LE because TLR3 could not be detected in the LE of polyIC-treated S100A9-KO macrophages. Subsequently, TLR3 failed to colocalize with its agonist (i.e., biotin-labeled polyIC) in S100A9-deficient macrophages. The in vivo physiological role of S100A9 was evident from loss of cytokine production in polyIC-treated S100A9-KO mice. Thus, we identified intracellular S100A9 as a regulator of TLR3 signaling and demonstrated that S100A9 functions during pre-TLR3 activation stages by facilitating maturation of TLR3 containing EE into LE.
Clinical Experience of the Klippel-Trenaunay Syndrome
Authors: Sung Hyung Min , Chung Ho Yun , Lee Seok Jong , Lee Jong Min , Huh Seung , Lee Jeong Woo , Choi Kang Young , Yang Jung Dug , Cho Byung Chae
Published: September 2015

Background The Klippel-Trenaunay syndrome (KTS) is characterized by three clinical features, namely cutaneous capillary malformations, venous malformations, and soft tissue and/or bony hypertrophy of the extremities. The varied manifestations are attributed to the unpredictable clinical nature and prognosis of the syndrome. To elucidate the clinical characteristics of this disease, we reviewed a relatively large number of KTS patients who presented to our vascular anomalies center.

Methods We conducted a retrospective study with 19 patients who were diagnosed with KTS and treated in our vascular anomalies clinic between 2003 and 2014, and examined their demographic characteristics, their clinical features, and the treatments administered.

Results The sex distribution was balanced, with 9 (47%) males and 10 (53%) females. The mean follow-up period was 4.1 years (range, 7 months-9 years). Most of the patients received conservative treatments such as medication or physiotherapy. Compression therapies such as wearing of elastic garments/bandages were also administered, and surgical interventions were considered only when the patients became excessively symptomatic. Other treatments included laser therapy and sclerotherapy, and all the treatments were adjusted according to each case, tailored to the conditions of the individual patients.

Conclusions KTS is an extremely rare, multifactorial disorder that induces widely varied symptoms. Because of this unique feature, plastic surgeons, when not careful, tend to attach a one-sided importance to typical symptoms such as limb hypertrophy or capillary malformation and thus overlook other symptoms and clinical features. KTS can be suspected in all infants who show capillary malformations or limb hypertrophy and require a multi-disciplinary approach for comprehensive management.
Radiation Therapy Following Total Keloidectomy: A Retrospective Study over 11 Years
Authors: Kim Kyuhee , Son Daegu , Kim Jinhee
Published: September 2015

Background Radiotherapy treatment after keloidectomy is known to be an effective method for reducing the rate of recurrence. However, to date, the appropriate total radiation dose and fractionation have not yet been confirmed. The authors performed a retrospective analysis to identify the appropriate radiation dose and fractionation in post-keloidectomy radiotherapy.

Methods From May 2000 to February 2011, postoperative radiotherapy was performed on 39 lesions in 28 patients after total keloidectomy. The keloid lesions were confined to the ear lobes. Between May 2000 and May 2004, 14 keloids were treated with surgical excision, followed by a total radiation dose of 1,200 cGy in three fractions over four to five days (group 1). Between June 2004 to February 2011, 25 keloids were treated with surgical excision, followed by a total radiation dose of 1,500 cGy in three fractions over four to five days (group 2). Patients were given a survey asking them to report their experiences regarding reoperation, recurrence of symptoms, recurrence of the lesion, and satisfaction with the operation.

Results Of the 28 patients who were treated, 20 underwent follow-up. Group 2 had more cases showing elevation with erythematous changes, whereas group 1 had more cases showing progressive stages of elevation than group 2. These differences were statistically significant. Moreover, a correlation was observed between the level of keloid elevation and the extent of symptoms.

Conclusions We suggest 1,500 cGy of radiation in three fractions following keloidectomy for ear lobe keloids. A further randomized study is needed to assess the recurrence of keloids after radiotherapy.
Scar Wars: Preferences in Breast Surgery
Authors: Joyce Cormac W , Murphy Siun , Murphy Stephen , Kelly Jack L , Morrison Colin M
Published: September 2015

Background The uptake of breast reconstruction is ever increasing with procedures ranging from implant-based reconstructions to complex free tissue transfer. Little emphasis is placed on scarring when counseling patients yet they remain a significant source of morbidity and litigation. The aim of this study was to examine the scarring preferences of men and women in breast oncoplastic and reconstructive surgery.

Methods Five hundred men and women were asked to fill out a four-page questionnaire in two large Irish centres. They were asked about their opinions on scarring post breast surgery and were also asked to rank the common scarring patterns in wide local excisions, oncoplastic procedures, breast reconstructions as well as donor sites.

Results Fifty-eight percent of those surveyed did not feel scars were important post breast cancer surgery. 61% said that their partners' opinion of scars were important. The most preferred wide local excision scar was the lower lateral quadrant scar whilst the scars from the deep inferior epigastric artery perforator (DIEP) flap were most favoured. The superior gluteal artery perforator flap had the most preferred donor site while surprisingly, the DIEP had the least favourite donor site.

Conclusions Scars are often overlooked when planning breast surgery yet the extent and position of the scar needs to be outlined to patients and it should play an important role in selecting a breast reconstruction option. This study highlights the need for further evaluation of patients' opinions regarding scar patterns.
Nipple-Areola Complex Necrosis after Nipple-Sparing Mastectomy with Immediate Autologous Breast Reconstruction
Authors: Cho Jin-Woo , Yoon Eul-Sik , You Hi-Jin , Kim Hyon-Surk , Lee Byung-Il , Park Seung-Ha
Published: September 2015

Background Autologous or implant-based breast reconstruction after nipple-sparing mastectomy is increasingly preferred worldwide as a breast cancer treatment option. However, postoperative nipple-areola complex (NAC) necrosis is the most significant complication of nipple-sparing mastectomy. The purpose of our study was to identify the risk factors for NAC necrosis, and to describe the use of our skin-banking technique as a solution.

Methods We reviewed cases of immediate autologous breast reconstruction after nipple-sparing mastectomy at our institution between June 2005 and January 2014. The patients' data were reviewed and the risk of NAC necrosis was analyzed based on correlations between patient variables and NAC necrosis. Moreover, data pertaining to five high-risk patients who underwent the donor skin-banking procedure were included in the analysis.

Results Eighty-five patients underwent immediate autologous breast reconstruction after nipple-sparing mastectomy during the study period. Partial or total NAC necrosis occurred in 36 patients (43.4%). Univariate analysis and binary regression modeling found that body mass index, smoking history, radiation therapy, and mastectomy volume were significantly associated with NAC necrosis. Of the 36 cases of NAC necrosis, 31 were resolved with dressing changes, debridement, or skin grafting. The other five high-risk patients underwent our prophylactic skin-banking technique during breast reconstruction surgery.

Conclusions NAC necrosis is common in patients with multiple risk factors. The use of the skin-banking technique in immediate autologous breast reconstruction is an attractive option for high-risk patients. Banked skin can be used in such cases without requiring additional donor tissue, with good results in terms of aesthetic and reconstructive outcomes.
TALPID3 controls centrosome and cell polarity and the human ortholog KIAA0586 is mutated in Joubert syndrome (JBTS23)
Authors: Stephen Louise A , Tawamie Hasan , Davis Gemma M , Tebbe Lars , Nürnberg Peter , Nürnberg Gudrun , Thiele Holger , Thoenes Michaela , Boltshauser Eugen , Uebe Steffen , Rompel Oliver , Reis André , Ekici Arif B , McTeir Lynn , Fraser Amy M , Hall Emma A , Mill Pleasantine , Daudet Nicolas , Cross Courtney , Wolfrum Uwe , Jamra Rami Abou , Davey Megan G , Bolz Hanno J
Published: September 2015

Joubert syndrome (JBTS) is a severe recessive neurodevelopmental ciliopathy which can affect several organ systems. Mutations in known JBTS genes account for approximately half of the cases. By homozygosity mapping and whole-exome sequencing, we identified a novel locus,JBTS23, with a homozygous splice site mutation inKIAA0586(aliasTALPID3), a known lethal ciliopathy locus in model organisms. TruncatingKIAA0586mutations were identified in two additional patients with JBTS. One mutation, c.428delG (p.Arg143Lysfs*4), is unexpectedly common in the general population and may be a major contributor to JBTS. We demonstrate KIAA0586 protein localization at the basal body in human and mouse photoreceptors, as is common for JBTS proteins, and also in pericentriolar locations. We show that loss of TALPID3 (KIAA0586) function in animal models causes abnormal tissue polarity, centrosome length and orientation, and centriolar satellites. We propose that JBTS and other ciliopathies may in part result from cell polarity defects.
Developing an Integrated Model of Equity Mutual Funds Performance: Evidence from the Indonesian Mutual Funds Market
Authors: Damayanti Sylviana Maya , Cintyawati Cici
Published: September 2015

This study aims to determine the factors that affect the performance of mutual funds, especially equity mutual funds. There are several factors that considered affect the performance of mutual funds such as: Asset Under Management (AUM), fund age, past performance, asset allocation, Turn of the Year effect, equity funds with blue chip or non-blue chip stocks, equity funds owned by insurance or non-insurance, external factors such as the rupiah against the US dollar (exchange rate), and investors behavior factor. In this study the researchers have collected data from January 2008 to December 2014. For the purpose of the study the researchers have selected 30 sample of equity mutual funds are still active from 2008-2014. The results are processed using Sharpe ratio to measure the magnitude of risk premium for each unit of risk taken. The result shows that all variables has significant influence on the performance of equity mutual funds. Partially, Asset Under Management (AUM), fund age, asset allocation, Turn of the Year Effect, exchange rate, and investor behavior have significant influence on the performance of equity mutual funds. While another variables such as past performance, Blue Chip and Non-Blue Chip Mutual Funds and insurance and non-insurance company don’t have significant influence on the performance of equity mutual funds in Indonesia. All of variables studied have great contribution on the performance of equity mutual funds. This finding can guide the investment managers in formulating an appropriate investment strategy for investors who want to put their funds into equity funds. This finding can guide the investment managers in formulating an appropriate strategy for investors who want to put their funds into equity funds. Through this study also the authors give a recommendation about the optimal portfolio strategy for the investors. The research result also shows that strategic asset allocation with rebalancing strategy is considered best done by an investor. This finding can be used by the investors as a reference to invest in equity mutual funds to improve the profit to develop their business. (Abstract)
Understanding erosion rates in the Himalayan orogen: A case study from the Arun Valley
Authors: Olen Stephanie M. , Bookhagen Bodo , Hoffmann Bernd , Sachse Dirk , Adhikari D. P. , Strecker Manfred R.
Published: September 2015

Understanding the rates and pattern of erosion is a key aspect of deciphering the impacts of climate and tectonics on landscape evolution. Denudation rates derived from terrestrial cosmogenic nuclides (TCNs) are commonly used to quantify erosion and bridge tectonic (Myr) and climatic (up to several kiloyears) time scales. However, how the processes of erosion in active orogens are ultimately reflected in 10Be TCN samples remains a topic of discussion. We investigate this problem in the Arun Valley of eastern Nepal with 34 new 10Be‐derived catchment‐mean denudation rates. The Arun Valley is characterized by steep north‐south gradients in topography and climate. Locally, denudation rates increase northward, from <0.2 mm yr−1 to ~1.5 mm yr−1 in tributary samples, while main stem samples appear to increase downstream from ~0.2 mm yr−1 at the border with Tibet to 0.91 mm yr−1 in the foreland. Denudation rates most strongly correlate with normalized channel steepness (R2 = 0.67), which has been commonly interpreted to indicate tectonic activity. Significant downstream decrease of 10Be concentration in the main stem Arun suggests that upstream sediment grains are fining to the point that they are operationally excluded from the processed sample. This results in 10Be concentrations and denudation rates that do not uniformly represent the upstream catchment area. We observe strong impacts on 10Be concentrations from local, nonfluvial geomorphic processes, such as glaciation and landsliding coinciding with areas of peak rainfall rates, pointing toward climatic modulation of predominantly tectonically driven denudation rates.
Potential of hydraulically induced fractures to communicate with existing wellbores
Authors: Montague James A. , Pinder George F.
Published: September 2015

The probability that new hydraulically fractured wells drilled within the area of New York underlain by the Marcellus Shale will intersect an existing wellbore is calculated using a statistical model, which incorporates: the depth of a new fracturing well, the vertical growth of induced fractures, and the depths and locations of existing nearby wells. The model first calculates the probability of encountering an existing well in plan view and combines this with the probability of an existing well‐being at sufficient depth to intersect the fractured region. Average probability estimates for the entire region of New York underlain by the Marcellus Shale range from 0.00% to 3.45% based upon the input parameters used. The largest contributing parameter on the probability value calculated is the nearby density of wells meaning that due diligence by oil and gas companies during construction in identifying all nearby wells will have the greatest effect in reducing the probability of interwellbore communication.
Climatological distribution of aragonite saturation state in the global oceans
Authors: Jiang Li‐Qing , Feely Richard A. , Carter Brendan R. , Greeley Dana J. , Gledhill Dwight K. , Arzayus Krisa M.
Published: September 2015

Aragonite saturation state (Ωarag) in surface and subsurface waters of the global oceans was calculated from up‐to‐date (through the year of 2012) ocean station dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) and total alkalinity (TA) data. Surface Ωarag in the open ocean was always supersaturated (Ω > 1), ranging between 1.1 and 4.2. It was above 2.0 (2.0–4.2) between 40°N and 40°S but decreased toward higher latitude to below 1.5 in polar areas. The influences of water temperature on the TA/DIC ratio, combined with the temperature effects on inorganic carbon equilibrium and apparent solubility product (K′sp), explain the latitudinal differences in surface Ωarag. Vertically, Ωarag was highest in the surface mixed layer. Higher hydrostatic pressure, lower water temperature, and more CO2 buildup from biological activity in the absence of air‐sea gas exchange helped maintain lower Ωarag in the deep ocean. Below the thermocline, aerobic decomposition of organic matter along the pathway of global thermohaline circulation played an important role in controlling Ωarag distributions. Seasonally, surface Ωarag above 30° latitudes was about 0.06 to 0.55 higher during warmer months than during colder months in the open‐ocean waters of both hemispheres. Decadal changes of Ωarag in the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans showed that Ωarag in waters shallower than 100 m depth decreased by 0.10 ± 0.09 (−0.40 ± 0.37% yr−1) on average from the decade spanning 1989–1998 to the decade spanning 1998–2010.
Cervical dystonia caused by focal putaminal ischemia
Authors: Dinkelbach Lars , Hartmann Christian Johannes , Mathys Christian , Wojtecki Lars , Hänggi Daniel , Südmeyer Martin
Published: September 2015

We describe a 48‐year‐old woman with putaminal gliosis and a sphenoid wing meningioma at the left, who developed dystonia restricted to cervical regions. We propose the following causal chain: the meningioma led to an occlusion of a lenticulo‐striatal branch of the middle cerebral artery that caused ventral putaminal ischemia and finally resulting in symptomatic dystonia. The previously reported relevance of the infarcted regions to the pathophysiology of dystonia supports this assumption. Implications for the diagnostic procedure of dystonia will be discussed.
3D Printed Anatomical Nerve Regeneration Pathways
Authors: Johnson Blake N. , Lancaster Karen Z. , Zhen Gehua , He Junyun , Gupta Maneesh K. , Kong Yong Lin , Engel Esteban A. , Krick Kellin D. , Ju Alex , Meng Fanben , Enquist Lynn W. , Jia Xiaofeng , McAlpine Michael C.
Published: September 2015

A 3D printing methodology for the design, optimization, and fabrication of a custom nerve repair technology for the regeneration of complex peripheral nerve injuries containing bifurcating sensory and motor nerve pathways is introduced. The custom scaffolds are deterministically fabricated via a microextrusion printing principle using 3D models, which are reverse engineered from patient anatomies by 3D scanning. The bifurcating pathways are augmented with 3D printed biomimetic physical cues (microgrooves) and path‐specific biochemical cues (spatially controlled multicomponent gradients). In vitro studies reveal that 3D printed physical and biochemical cues provide axonal guidance and chemotractant/chemokinetic functionality. In vivo studies examining the regeneration of bifurcated injuries across a 10 mm complex nerve gap in rats showed that the 3D printed scaffolds achieved successful regeneration of complex nerve injuries, resulting in enhanced functional return of the regenerated nerve. This approach suggests the potential of 3D printing toward advancing tissue regeneration in terms of: (1) the customization of scaffold geometries to match inherent tissue anatomies; (2) the integration of biomanufacturing approaches with computational modeling for design, analysis, and optimization; and (3) the enhancement of device properties with spatially controlled physical and biochemical functionalities, all enabled by the same 3D printing process.
Harnessing the Multifunctionality in Nature: A Bioactive Agent Release System with Self‐Antimicrobial and Immunomodulatory Properties
Authors: Özçelik Hayriye , Vrana Nihal Engin , Gudima Alexandru , Riabov Vladimir , Gratchev Alexei , Haikel Youssef , Metz‐Boutigue Marie‐Hélène , Carradò Adele , Faerber Jacques , Roland Thierry , Klüter Harald , Kzhyshkowska Julia , Schaaf Pierre , Lavalle Philippe
Published: September 2015

Major problems with biomedical devices in particular implants located in nonsterile environments concern: (i) excessive immune response to the implant, (ii) development of bacterial biofilms, and (iii) yeast and fungi infections. An original multifunctional coating that addresses all these issues concomitantly is developed. A new exponentially growing polyelectrolyte multilayer film based on polyarginine (PAR) and hyaluronic acid (HA) is designed. The films have a strong inhibitory effect on the production of inflammatory cytokines released by human primary macrophage subpopulations. This could reduce potential chronic inflammatory reaction following implantation. Next, it is shown that PAR, due to its positive charges, has an antimicrobial activity in film format against Staphylococcus aureus for 24 h. In order to have a long‐term antimicrobial activity, a precursor nanoscale silver coating is deposited on the surface before adding the PAR/HA films. Moreover, the PAR/HA films can be easily further functionalized by embedding antimicrobial peptides, like catestatin (CAT), a natural host defense peptide. This PAR/HA+CAT film proves to be effective as an antimicrobial coating against yeast and fungi and its cytocompatibility is also assessed. Finally, this all‐in‐one system constitutes an original strategy to limit inflammation and prevents bacteria, yeast, and fungi infections.
Oxygen Reduction Reaction Promotes Li+ Desorption from Cathode Surface in Li‐O2 Batteries
Authors: Haro Marta , Vicente Nuria , Garcia‐Belmonte Germà
Published: September 2015

Li‐O2 batteries are claimed to be one of the future energy storage technologies. Great number of scientific and technological challenges should be solved first to transform Li‐O2 battery from a promise to real practical devices. Proposed mechanisms for oxygen reduction assume a reservoir of solved Li+ ions in the electrolyte. However, the role that adsorbed Li+ on the electrode surface might have on the overall oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) has not deserved much attention. Adsorbed Li+ consumption is monitored here using impedance measurements from extended electrochemical double layer capacitance, which depends on the carbon matrix surface area. The presence of O2 drastically reduces the amount of adsorbed Li+, signaling the kinetic competition between Li+ surface adsorption and its consumption, only for potentials corresponding to the oxygen reduction reaction. Noticeably double layer capacitance remains unaltered after cycling. This fact suggests that the ORR products (Li2O2 and Li2CO3) are not covering the internal electrode surface, but deposited on the outer electrode‐contact interface, hindering thereby the subsequent reaction. Current results show new insights into the discharge mechanism of Li‐O2 batteries and reveal the evidence of Li+ desorption from the C surface when the ORR starts.
Age‐related variation in the mechanical properties of foods processed by Sapajus libidinosus
Authors: Chalk Janine , Wright Barth W. , Lucas Peter W. , Schuhmacher Katherine D. , Vogel Erin R. , Fragaszy Dorothy , Visalberghi Elisabetta , Izar Patrícia , Richmond Brian G.
Published: September 2015

Objectives

The diet of tufted capuchins (Sapajus) is characterized by annual or seasonal incorporation of mechanically protected foods. Reliance on these foods raises questions about the dietary strategies of young individuals that lack strength and experience to access these resources. Previous research has demonstrated differences between the feeding competencies of adult and juvenile tufted capuchins. Here we test the hypothesis that, compared to adults, juveniles will process foods with lower toughness and elastic moduli.

Materials and Methods

We present data on variation in the toughness and elastic modulus of food tissues processed by Sapajus libidinosus during the dry season at Fazenda Boa Vista, Brazil. Food mechanical property data were collected using a portable universal mechanical tester.

Results

Results show that food tissues processed by the capuchins showed significant differences in toughness and stiffness. However, we found no relationship between an individual's age and mean or maximum food toughness or elastic modulus, indicating both juvenile and adult S. libidinosus are able to process foods of comparable properties.

Discussion

Although it has been suggested that juveniles avoid mechanically protected foods, age‐related differences in feeding competence are not solely due to variation in food toughness or stiffness. Other factors related to food type (e.g., learning complex behavioral sequences, achieving manual dexterity, obtaining physical strength to lift stone tools, or recognizing subtle cues about food state) combined with food mechanical properties better explain variation in juvenile feeding competency. Am J Phys Anthropol 159:199–209, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Topical concentrated epinephrine (1:1000) does not cause acute cardiovascular changes during endoscopic sinus surgery
Authors: Gunaratne Dakshika A. , Barham Henry P. , Christensen Jenna M. , Bhatia Daman D.S. , Stamm Aldo C. , Harvey Richard J.
Published: September 2015

Background

Topical epinephrine is used in endoscopic sinonasal surgery for local vasoconstriction. Potential for cardiovascular complications remains a concern for some due to the possibility of systemic absorption. Topical vs injected epinephrine was examined in a prospective analysis of perioperative cardiovascular effects, and in an audit of cardiovascular complications during endoscopic sinonasal surgery.

Methods

A prospective cohort study of patients undergoing endoscopic sinonasal surgery was performed. Topical (1:1000) and injected (1:100,000) epinephrine were assessed. Cardiovascular outcomes of heart rate (HR), systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), mean arterial pressure (MAP), and electrocardiogram (ECG) changes were examined at baseline and minutely post–topical application (to 10 minutes) and postinjection (to 5 minutes). A retrospective assessment of cardiovascular events associated with a standardized regimen of topical (1:2000) and injected (1:100,000) epinephrine was performed.

Results

Nineteen patents were assessed (43.42 ± 15.90 years, 47.4% female) in the prospective analysis. Post–topical epinephrine, no significant changes occurred in any cardiovascular parameter. However, following injected epinephrine, changes in HR (59.53 vs 64.11 bpm, p < 0.001), SBP (96.16 vs 102.95 mmHg, p = 0.015), DBP (56.53 vs 60.74 mmHg, p = 0.019), and MAP (69.74 vs 74.81 mmHg, p = 0.002) occurred. On repeated‐measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) all parameters were significantly affected by injection. No ECG abnormalities were seen in either topical or injection phases. The retrospective analysis of 1260 cases identified 2 cases of cardiovascular complications (0.16%), both relating to injected epinephrine.

Conclusion

Combination topical (1:1000 to 1:2000) and injectable (1:100,000) epinephrine is safe for use in endoscopic sinonasal surgery. Injection resulted in the cardiovascular changes and accounted for the cardiovascular events reported.
Outcomes among patients discharged from the emergency department with a diagnosis of peripheral vertigo
Authors: Atzema Clare L. , Grewal Keerat , Lu Hong , Kapral Moira K. , Kulkarni Girish , Austin Peter C.
Published: September 2015

Objective

We aimed to determine the risk of short‐ and long‐term stroke, as well as accidental injury, in patients discharged from an emergency department who were given a diagnosis of a peripheral vestibular disorder.

Methods

In this population‐based, retrospective, cohort study, we identified all adult patients who were discharged from an emergency department in Ontario, Canada, between 2006 and 2011, with a primary diagnosis of a peripheral vestibular disorder. We assessed hospitalized strokes at 7, 30, 90, and 365 days, as well as subsequent falls, motor vehicle accidents, fractures, and burns. To provide context, we assessed the same outcomes in propensity score‐matched discharged emergency department patients with renal colic.

Results

Among 41,794 qualifying patients, 76 (0.18%) had a stroke within 30 days. Accidental injury at 30 days ranged from 0.01% (falls) to 0.15% (fractures). The relative risk (RR) of 30‐day stroke was 9.3 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 4.3‐20.3) times higher than among matched renal colic controls. The RR was highest at 7 days (50.0; 95% CI, 6.9–362.0) and diminished with duration from the emergency department visit: RR 6.1 (95% CI, 3.5–10.7) at 90 days and 2.5 (95% CI, 1.8–3.5) at 1 year. There was no difference in the risk of accidental injury.

Interpretation

The frequency of early stroke after discharge from an emergency department with a diagnosis of a peripheral vestibular disorder was extremely low. However, the relative risk was markedly higher than in matched patients with renal colic, suggesting that some strokes, or sentinel events for strokes, are being misdiagnosed as peripheral vestibular disorders. ANN NEUROL 2016;79:32–41
Thermoluminescence and photoluminescence studies on γ‐ray‐irradiated Ce3+,Tb3+‐doped potassium chloride single crystals
Authors: Bangaru S. , Saradha K. , Muralidharan G.
Published: September 2015

Single crystals of KCl doped with Ce3+,Tb3+ were grown using the Bridgeman–Stockbarger technique. Thermoluminescence (TL), optical absorption, photoluminescence (PL), photo‐stimulated luminescence (PSL), and thermal‐stimulated luminescence (TSL) properties were studied after γ‐ray irradiation at room temperature. The glow curve of the γ‐ray‐irradiated crystal exhibits three peaks at 420, 470 and 525 K. F‐Light bleaching (560 nm) leads to a drastic change in the TL glow curve. The optical absorption measurements indicate that F‐ and V‐centres are formed in the crystal during γ‐ray irradiation. It was attempted to incorporate a broad band of cerium activator into the narrow band of terbium in the KCl host without a reduction in the emission intensity. Cerium co‐doped KCl:Tb crystals showed broad band emission due to the d–f transition of cerium and a reduction in the intensity of the emission peak due to 5D3–7Fj (j = 3, 4) transition of terbium, when excited at 330 nm. These results support that energy transfer occurs from cerium to terbium in the KCl host. Co‐doping Ce3+ ions greatly intensified the excitation peak at 339 nm for the emission at 400 nm of Tb3+. The emission due to Tb3+ ions was confirmed by PSL and TSL spectra. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Review structure‐ and dynamics‐based computational design of anticancer drugs
Authors: Lin Jung Hsin
Published: September 2015

Cancer is a class of highly complex diseases involving multiple genes and multiple cross‐talks between signaling networks. Cancer cells may be developed from inherited defects or acquired damages of DNA. However, many cancers are resistant to treatment, and metastasis of cancers makes the disease even more intractable. Secondary malignancies are frequently observed after cancer chemotherapy. The call for more effective cancer therapy is obligatory. Using drug‐cocktails that combine multiple anti‐cancer agents working in different mechanisms has been a standard treatment of cancers to overcome the drug resistance problem. More recently, design of multiple ligands (may be more easily understood as “multiple target ligands”), i.e., single agents that target multiple biomolecules in a rational manner, receives increasing attention. For those who work on computational drug design, such tasks serve as new opportunities for achieving drugs with more effective pharmacological actions, in addition to designing compounds with better binding affinity, better selectivity, or to discovering compounds that can exert their actions allosterically. Some recent methodological developments on computational drug design are reviewed, and a few recent drug design efforts on a selected set of targets (topoisomerases, Ras proteins, protein kinases, and histone deacetylases) toward cancer treatment and cancer prevention are summarized. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers 105: 2–9, 2016.
Time to Expand the Mitra‐Clip Indications
Authors: Marmagkiolis Konstantinos , Cilingiroglu Mehmet
Published: September 2015

Key points

MitraClip implantation yields low in‐patient MACCE even in higher‐risk patients.

Bleeding and vascular complications remain the most important procedural related complications.

Development of smaller caliber devices, investigation of alternative access techniques to improve safety and better patient selection are needed to optimize the outcomes of this procedure.
Sensing Protein Surfaces with Targeted Fluorescent Receptors
Authors: Nissinkorn Yael , Lahav‐Mankovski Naama , Rabinkov Aharon , Albeck Shira , Motiei Leila , Margulies David
Published: September 2015

A methodology for creating fluorescent molecular sensors that respond to changes that occur on the surfaces of specific proteins is presented. This approach, which relies on binding cooperatively between a specific His‐tag binder and a nonspecific protein‐surface receptor, enabled the development of a sensor that can track changes on the surface of a His‐tag‐labeled calmodulin (His‐CaM) upon interacting with metal ions, small molecules, and protein binding partners. The way this approach was used to detect dephosphorylation of an unlabeled calmodulin‐dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII), and the binding of Bax BH3 to His‐tagged B‐cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl‐2) protein is also presented.
A Simple 13C NMR Method for the Discrimination of Complex Mixtures of Stereoisomers: All Eight Stereoisomers of α‐Tocopherol Resolved
Authors: Lankhorst Peter P. , Netscher Thomas , Duchateau Alexander L. L.
Published: September 2015

A simple one‐dimensional 13C NMR method is presented to discriminate between stereoisomers of organic compounds with more than one chiral center. By means of this method it is possible to discriminate between all eight stereoisomers of α‐tocopherol. To achieve this the chiral solvating agent (S)‐(+)‐1‐(9‐anthryl)‐2,2,2‐trifluoroethanol and the compound of interest were dissolved in high concentrations in chloroform‐d, and the nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectrum was recorded at a low temperature. The individual stereoisomers of α‐tocopherol were assigned by spikes of the reference compounds. The method was also applied to six other representative examples. Chirality 27:850–855, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Factors Affecting Environmental Management by Small and Micro Firms: The Importance of Entrepreneurs’ Attitudes and Environmental Investment
Authors: Testa Francesco , Gusmerottia Natalia Marzia , Corsini Filippo , Passetti Emilio , Iraldo Fabio
Published: September 2015

The paper investigates (1) the influence of external pressures, internal factors, and environmental attitudes of entrepreneurs on environmental proactive strategy in small and micro firms and (2) whether environmental proactive strategy impacts environmental investment and environmental performance. The study is based on a survey conducted in Italy and tests the set of hypotheses using a structural equations model. The results underline that external pressures and entrepreneurs’ attitudes are the most important predictors of environmental proactivity both for small and micro firms. The results also confirm a positive relationship between environmental proactivity and environmental investments as well as environmental performance. Yet, environmental investments show a strong influence on environmental performance. Commitment to environmental management by small and micro firms appears thus on the ground, showing that some substantive actions have started to be developed. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment
Continuous Reductive Amination of Biomass‐Derived Molecules over Carbonized Filter Paper‐Supported FeNi Alloy
Authors: Chieffi Gianpaolo , Braun Max , Esposito Davide
Published: September 2015

This paper reports the continuous reductive amination of different molecules, including biomass‐related compounds, over carbon‐supported FeNi nanoparticles obtained on the basis of inexpensive and abundant metal precursors and cellulose. A biorefinery case study for the preparation of pyrrolidones via acid‐catalyzed hydrolysis of glucose followed by reductive amination of the obtained levulinic acid is described.
A TiO2 Nanofiber–Carbon Nanotube‐Composite Photoanode for Improved Efficiency in Dye‐Sensitized Solar Cells
Authors: Macdonald Thomas J. , Tune Daniel D. , Dewi Melissa R. , Gibson Christopher T. , Shapter Joseph G. , Nann Thomas
Published: September 2015

A light‐scattering layer fabricated from electrospun titanium dioxide nanofibers (TiO2‐NFs) and single‐walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) formed a fiber‐based photoanode. The nanocomposite scattering layer had a lawn‐like structure and integration of carbon nanotubes into the NF photoanodes increased the power conversion efficiency from 2.9 % to 4.8 % under 1 Sun illumination. Under reduced light intensity (0.25 Sun), TiO2‐NF and TiO2‐NF/SWCNT‐based DSSCs reached PCE values of up to 3.7 % and 6.6 %, respectively.
CD180 expression in B‐cell lymphomas: A multicenter GEIL study
Authors: Mayeur‐Rousse Caroline , Guy Julien , Miguet Laurent , Bouyer Sabrina , Geneviève Franck , Robillard Nelly , Solly Françoise , Maar Aida , Bené Marie C , Mauvieux Laurent ,   on behalf of the GEIL (Groupe d'Etude Immunologique des Leucémies)
Published: September 2015

CD180, a related member of the Toll‐like receptor family, is lost or underexpressed at the plasma membrane in circulating cells of various B‐cell lymphomas except marginal zone lymphomas (MZL). In order to confirm its clinical relevance in routine analysis, we evaluated prospectively the expression of CD180 in 236 patients from 5 French University Hospital laboratories on behalf of the GEIL. Highly comparable results were obtained in all centers using the EuroFlow standardization protocol. We observed that CD180 median fluorescence (MdFI) was significantly higher in MZL and hairy cell leukaemia (HCL) compared to all other B‐cell proliferations (P < 0.05). CD180 intensity could distinguish lymphomas with numerous villous lymphocytes from other MZL. ROC curve analysis identified a CD180 MdFI threshold for which the diagnosis of MZL could be assessed with 77% sensitivity and 92% specificity. This study showed that CD180 can be considered as a single positive robust marker of MZL and should be therefore included in flow cytometry panels for the diagnosis of mature B‐cell neoplasms. Harmonization process is of great interest in order to evaluate new markers in multicentric studies and to set up decisional thresholds. © 2015 International Clinical Cytometry Society