bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
On Time-sensitive Control Dependencies
Authors: Hecker Martin , Bischof Simon , Snelting Gregor
Published: December 2021

We present efficient algorithms for
time-sensitive
control dependencies (CDs). If statement
y
is time-sensitively control dependent on statement
x
, then
x
decides not only whether
y
is executed but also how many timesteps after
x
. If
y
is not standard control dependent on
x
, but time-sensitively control dependent, then
y
will always be executed after
x
, but the execution time between
x
and
y
varies. This allows us to discover, e.g., timing leaks in security-critical software.

We systematically develop properties and algorithms for time-sensitive CDs, as well as for nontermination-sensitive CDs. These work not only for standard control flow graphs (CFGs) but also for CFGs lacking a unique exit node (e.g., reactive systems). We show that Cytron’s efficient algorithm for dominance frontiers [
10
] can be generalized to allow efficient computation not just of classical CDs but also of time-sensitive and nontermination-sensitive CDs. We then use time-sensitive CDs and time-sensitive slicing to discover cache timing leaks in an AES implementation. Performance measurements demonstrate scalability of the approach.
On the Aggression Diffusion Modeling and Minimization in Twitter
Authors: Poiitis Marinos , Vakali Athena , Kourtellis Nicolas
Published: December 2021

Aggression in online social networks has been studied mostly from the perspective of machine learning, which detects such behavior in a static context. However, the way
aggression diffuses
in the network has received little attention as it embeds modeling challenges. In fact, modeling how aggression propagates from one user to another is an important research topic, since it can enable effective aggression monitoring, especially in media platforms, which up to now apply simplistic user blocking techniques.

In this article, we address aggression propagation modeling and minimization in Twitter, since it is a popular microblogging platform at which aggression had several onsets. We propose various methods building on two well-known diffusion models,
Independent Cascade
(
IC
) and
Linear Threshold
(
LT
), to study the aggression evolution in the social network. We experimentally investigate how well each method can model aggression propagation using real Twitter data, while varying parameters, such as seed users selection, graph edge weighting, users’ activation timing, and so on. It is found that the best performing strategies are the ones to select seed users with a degree-based approach, weigh user edges based on their social circles’ overlaps, and activate users according to their aggression levels. We further employ the best performing models to predict which ordinary real users could become aggressive (and vice versa) in the future, and achieve up to
AUC
= 0.89 in this prediction task. Finally, we investigate aggression minimization by launching competitive cascades to “inform” and “heal” aggressors. We show that
IC
and
LT
models can be used in aggression minimization, providing less intrusive alternatives to the blocking techniques currently employed by Twitter.
Biomass-Derived Graphene-Based Materials Embedded with Onion-Like Carbons for High Power Supercapacitors
Authors: Jung SungHoon , Thi Huong Pham , Sahani Shalini , Tripathi Kumud Malika , Park Byung Jun , Han Young Hee , Kim TaeYoung
Published: December 2021

We report a facile method to produce composites of hierarchically porous graphene-based materials embedded with onion-like carbons (Gr-OLCs) for high power density supercapacitors. Gr-OLCs were produced from the mixture of glucose, thiourea, and ammonium chloride, through stepwise reactions including a condensation reaction, subsequent blow into three-dimensional (3D) structure, and carbonization process. Owing to its high surface area, hierarchical pore distribution, and interconnected carbon networks embedded with onion-like carbons, this carbon showed high specific capacitance of 140 F g−1 even at a high current density of 64 A g−1. Interconnected carbon networks and hierarchical pore structrues served to facilitate the movement of electrolyte ions within the electrode and provide an efficient pathway for the movement of charge carriers, resulting in an exceptionally high power density of 1,737 kW kg−1 with an energy density of 30 Wh kg−1 at current density of 256 A g−1. Studies on the complex capacitance revealed that a supercapacitor with these carbon electrodes exhibited stable energy storage features with minimal capacitive loss, achieving both high power and energy densities. This work provides a new type of carbon-based electrode materials that can meet the requirements for high power energy storage devices.
Resting-state functional connectivity in adolescents experiencing subclinical and clinical symptoms of depression: a mini-review of recent evidence
Authors: Schmitt Aidan P.
Published: December 2021

Adolescence is a developmental period associated with major neural reorganization and the onset of many psychological disorders. Depression in particular is prevalent and impairing in adolescents and rates have been rising in recent years. Recent advances in the neurobiology of adolescent depression contribute to a better understanding of functional connectivity among neural networks and represent a promising start for determining biomarkers of depression and potential areas of intervention.
Influence of Different Types of Emulsifiers on Properties of Emulsified Asphalt Binder and Its Evaporation Residue by Molecular Dynamics Simulation
Authors: Wu Ying-feng , Qu Xin
Published: December 2021

There is an important role in the properties of emulsified asphalt binder and its evaporation residue about emulsifier, which has been confirmed by experiment and chemical tests. However, there is little research about the emulsifier at microperspective. Therefore, the influence of two kinds of emulsifiers, a typical cationic emulsifier (dodecyl benzene sulfonate) and a typical anionic emulsifier (dodecyl primary amine), on technical properties of emulsified asphalt binder and its evaporation residues such as store stability, workability, breaking behavior, and mechanical properties are investigated using a microapproach. Results show that there is an effective role in the storage stability, workability, and demulsification of emulsified asphalt binder about cationic emulsifier compared with anionic emulsifier. The anionic emulsifier makes the density of evaporation residue larger. However, the mechanical properties of anionic emulsified asphalt evaporation residue are conversely smaller compared with the cationic emulsified asphalt evaporation residue. The adhesion behavior results have confirmed that the anionic emulsified asphalt evaporation residue has a negative adhesion with aggregate due to its anion. The mechanism of the different emulsifiers on asphalt binders and their evaporation residue is explored at a microscale to help us to understand emulsified asphalt binder and its evaporation residue more in depth.
Path Planning of Mobile Robots in Warehouse Logistics Relying on Computer Multimedia 3D Reconstruction Technology
Authors: Sun Yan
Published: December 2021

Because traditional methods are difficult to solve the problems related to the path planning of logistics robots, this study proposes a method of using computer multimedia 3D reconstruction technology to realize the path planning of warehouse logistics robots. Without fully considering the accurate movement path between points, according to the warehouse logistics robot, it is judged whether the starting point is at the exit. The planning problem of the movement path is converted into a TSP problem and a TS-TSP problem. Finally, the analysis of experimental results shows that the method proposed in this study converges faster than traditional algorithms and can quickly obtain the global optimal solution. At the same time, the warehousing logistics robot requires less path planning time and has strong practical application.
The Clinical Efficacy of Ginkgo biloba Leaf Preparation on Ischemic Stroke: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Zhao Shuang , Zheng Hong , Du Yawei , Zhang Runlei , Chen Peilin , Ren Rong , Wu Shengxian
Published: December 2021

Background. Ginkgo biloba leaf preparations (GLPs) are widely used in ischemic stroke, and uncertainty remains regarding their clinical efficacy. To evaluate systematically the clinical efficacy and safety of GLPs in the treatment of ischemic stroke, we examine evidence from randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Methods. We examine studies published prior to November 2021 that were found from searching the following sources: PubMed, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), WANFANG DATA, Chongqing VIP (CQVIP) databases, and Chinese Biomedical Literature (CBM). We evaluated the quality of the included references according to the Cochrane Manual of Systematic Evaluation and Meta-analysis (MA) performed using RevMan 5.2 software. Results. We included a total of 13 RCTs with clinical therapeutic effects, the National Institute of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS), Barthel Index (BI), hemorheology index, and adverse reaction index as evaluation criteria. There were 631 cases in the observation group and 629 cases in the control group. MA results showed the following: NIHSS WMD = −3.89, 95% CI: [−4.22, −3.56], I2 = 19%,

P

 < 0.00001. This index is often used with nerve injury and can also be used to judge the recovery of nerve function. A lower score means less nerve damage and a better chance of recovery. The BI results were WMD = 11.30, 95% CI: [9.83, 12.77], I2 = 7%,

P

 < 0.00001. This index was used to assess patients’ ability to take care of themselves, with a higher score indicating a stronger ability to live independently. Clinical effective rate results were WMD = 3.79, 95% CI: [2.49, 5.78], I2 = 0%,

P

 < 0.00001, and this measure can be used to evaluate the effect of treatment clearly and objectively. Hemorheological index results show that plasma viscosity has WMD = −0.16, 95% CI: [−0.20, −0.12], I2 = 40%,

P

 < 0.00001 and fibrinogen (FIB) has WMD = −1.13, 95% CI: [−1.23, −1.04], I2 = 0%,

P

 < 0.00001. Plasma viscosity is mainly related to the amount of fibrinogen, and fibrinogen degradation is an important function of the fibrinolytic system. The imbalance of the fibrinolytic system plays an important role in the pathogenesis of cerebral infarction. Fibrinogen is a risk factor of ischemic cerebrovascular disease. Studies have shown that the infarct size of patients with secondary cerebral infarction after CEREBRAL infarction is correlated with their FIB level. In addition, FIB elevation is also one of the risk factors for early infarction after thrombolysis. Therefore, FIB can be used as a detection index for the prevention of cerebral infarction recurrence adverse reactions. Our MA results for FIB show WMD = 0.81, 95% CI: [0.38, 1.73], I2 = 0%,

P

 = 0.58, and RR < 1. Conclusion. The existing clinical evidence shows that GLP has a good therapeutic effect on patients with ischemic stroke and can improve their hemorheology indices. In addition, GLP is shown to be relatively safe.
Data-Driven Multicriteria Decision Analysis of Bundles of Care for Patients with Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia
Authors: Liu Haiying , Zhang Lan , Zhang Nan , Shen Yuehao , Chen Dejin , Ma Yanqiu
Published: December 2021

Objective. The study focused on the nursing strategies of patients with ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) and multicriteria decision analysis (MCDA) in nursing supervision, so as to improve the survival rate and prognosis of patients with VAP. Methods. 200 patients of the database in the ICU who required mechanical ventilation were selected as research subjects. They were divided into control group and intervention group according to different nursing measures. The incidence of VAP was compared between the two groups, and 15 experts were consulted on the prevention measures of VAP. On the basis of ARIMA-GARCH mathematical modeling, using the method of multicriteria decision analysis, the cluster nursing strategy for ventilator-associated pneumonia patients was developed and verified. Results. In the control group, of the 34 patients infected with VAP, Gram-positive bacteria were detected in 11 cases, including 6 cases of Streptococcus pneumoniae, 3 cases of Escherichia coli, and 2 cases of golden yellow Staphylococcus. Gram-negative bacteria were detected in 10 cases, including 5 (50%) cases of Acinetobacter baumannii, 2 cases of Klebsiella pneumoniae, 2 cases of Brucella Bacillus, and 1 case of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. In the intervention group, 18 cases were diagnosed with VAP, including 4 (44.4%) cases of bacterial infection, 3 (44.4%) cases of virus infection, and 2 (22.2%) cases of fungal infection. According to the opinions of the 15 experts, a total of 6 bundled measures were adopted to prevent VAP, including 0.1% chlorhexidine for oral care; strict implementation of hand hygiene; the daily wake-up for spontaneous breath training and extubation assessment; continuous subglottic suction; raising the bed head by 30°–45°; and nasal feeding through the nasal tube without special condition. Conclusion. There are many factors that affect the occurrence of VAP in mechanically ventilated patients in the ICU, and the imperfect measures of bundles of care are the main one. The implementation rates of distinct intervention strategies are different. The implementation rate of 2 measures is lower than 95%, which are the continuous subglottic suction and daily wake-up for spontaneous breath training and extubation assessment.
Unbiased Model‐Agnostic Metalearning Algorithm for Learning Target‐Driven Visual Navigation Policy
Authors: Xue Tianfang , Yu Haibin
Published: December 2021

As deep reinforcement learning methods have made great progress in the visual navigation field, metalearning‐based algorithms are gaining more attention since they greatly improve the expansibility of moving agents. According to metatraining mechanism, typically an initial model is trained as a metalearner by existing navigation tasks and becomes well performed in new scenes through relatively few recursive trials. However, if a metalearner is overtrained on the former tasks, it may hardly achieve generalization on navigating in unfamiliar environments as the initial model turns out to be quite biased towards former ambient configuration. In order to train an impartial navigation model and enhance its generalization capability, we propose an Unbiased Model‐Agnostic Metalearning (UMAML) algorithm towards target‐driven visual navigation. Inspired by entropy‐based methods, maximizing the uncertainty over output labels in classification tasks, we adopt inequality measures used in Economics as a concise metric to calculate the loss deviation across unfamiliar tasks. With succinctly minimizing the inequality of task losses, an unbiased navigation model without overperforming in particular scene types can be learnt based on Model‐Agnostic Metalearning mechanism. The exploring agent complies with a more balanced update rule, able to gather navigation experience from training environments. Several experiments have been conducted, and results demonstrate that our approach outperforms other state‐of‐the‐art metalearning navigation methods in generalization ability.
Astaxanthin‐Mediated Bacterial Lethality: Evidence from Oxidative Stress Contribution and Molecular Dynamics Simulation
Authors: Aribisala Jamiu Olaseni , Nkosi Sonto , Idowu Kehinde , Nurain Ismaila Olanrewaju , Makolomakwa Gaositwe Melvin , Shode Francis O. , Sabiu Saheed
Published: December 2021

The involvement of cellular oxidative stress in antibacterial therapy has remained a topical issue over the years. In this study, the contribution of oxidative stress to astaxanthin‐mediated bacterial lethality was evaluated in silico and in vitro. For the in vitro analysis, the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of astaxanthin was lower than that of novobiocin against Staphylococcus aureus but generally higher than those of the reference antibiotics against other test organisms. The level of superoxide anion of the tested organisms increased significantly following treatment with astaxanthin when compared with DMSO‐treated cells. This increase compared favorably with those observed with the reference antibiotics and was consistent with a decrease in the concentration of glutathione (GSH) and corresponding significant increase in ADP/ATP ratio. These observations are suggestive of probable involvement of oxidative stress in antibacterial capability of astaxanthin and in agreement with the results of the in silico evaluations, where the free energy scores of astaxanthins’ complexes with topoisomerase IV ParC and ParE were higher than those of the reference antibiotics. These observations were consistent with the structural stability and compactness of the complexes as astaxanthin was observed to be more stable against topoisomerase IV ParC and ParE than DNA Gyrase A and B. Put together, findings from this study underscored the nature and mechanism of antibacterial action of astaxanthin that could suggest practical approaches in enhancing our current knowledge of antibacterial arsenal and aid in the novel development of alternative natural topo2A inhibitor.
Effect of Tea Waste on Cracking of Foundation Soil
Authors: Yang Binbin , Zhang Zepeng , Ma Wenlong , Hu Mingming , Zhang Yaning
Published: December 2021

Desiccation cracks form on the surface of foundation soils due to matric suction and surface shrinkage with water loss. This paper investigates the effect of tea waste on the change of water content and cracking characteristics of foundation soil during drying. Digital image processing was carried out based on laboratory experiments. The characteristics are monitored with a variation in water content. The effects of different amounts of tea waste on soil drying and cracking were obtained, in order to provide an efficient and new green sustainable material for improving soil evaporation cracking under drought conditions. The results show that the development of cracks of soil samples with tea waste can be categorized into three stages in accordance with the fractal dimension of the desiccation cracks: Stages I, II, and III. The desiccation cracks in Stage III are wider and longer than those in Stages I and II, however, the maximum fractal dimension and stability are also obtained in Stage III. The residual water content of the sample without tea waste is 1.5%. The residual water content of the samples containing 4% and 8% tea waste is 4.6% and 5.4%, respectively, which shows that the tea waste can effectively improve the residual water content of the foundation soil and the water holding capacity of the soil. The fractal dimension of cracks on the soil samples increases gradually with drying. The total length of cracks increases and the development of cracks is more complex. The cracking time of soil samples with different tea waste contents is different. The soil samples with 8% tea waste content crack first. Combined with the variation characteristics of water content, tea waste has water absorption and improves the water holding capacity and stability of foundation soil.
Multiple Collaborative Supervision Pattern Recognition Method within Social Organizations Based on Data Clustering Algorithm
Authors: Zhang Wei , Pang Lili
Published: December 2021

This paper proposes a multiple collaborative supervision pattern recognition method within social organizations based on data clustering algorithm to realize diversified supervision within social organizations and improve the effect of the said pattern recognition. Firstly, the characteristics and functions of social organizations are analyzed, and the definition of social organizations is given. Further, this paper studies the meaning and characteristics of social organization supervision, analyzes the failure of internal supervision of social organizations, and then determines the internal governance elements of social organizations. In addition, the basic steps of pattern recognition are given. Finally, multiple collaborative supervision patterns recognition within social organizations is realized based on data clustering algorithm. Experiments show that this method can improve the recognition accuracy of multiple collaborative supervision patterns and reduce the recognition time.
Multimedia Computer-Aided Industrial System Design Based on the Study of Big Data Mining Algorithm
Authors: Zeng Zhihao
Published: December 2021

Aiming at the problems of the multimedia computer-aided industrial system, this paper puts forward the application of big data mining algorithm to multimedia computer-aided industrial system design and analyzes in detail the impact of multimedia technology on industrial quality. This paper introduces the advantages of using big data mining algorithm in multimedia computer technology course, shows the operating environment to be met by using the multimedia computer-aided industrial system, follows the guiding principles of the overall design learning theory and artistic conception cognition theory, supplements specific industrial examples, and discusses multimedia industrial design.
Comprehensive Analysis Identified ETV7 as a Potential Prognostic Biomarker in Bladder Cancer
Authors: Li Haimeng , Zhang Yibo , Zheng Shangyong
Published: December 2021

Background. The tumor microenvironment (TME) plays a crucial role in the initiation and progression of cancer. Bladder cancer (BLCA) is a malignant tumor of the genitourinary system. Its heterogeneity results in significant differences in the prognosis of patients. To date, this is still a huge challenge for clinical treatment. In recent years, more and more evidence showed that dysregulation of transcription factors (TFs) plays an important role in tumor progression, invasion, and metastasis. Unfortunately, the role of TFs on the tumor microenvironment in bladder cancer is unclear. Methods. The original data of BLCA and corresponding adjacent tissues were obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. TFs were downloaded from the Animal Transcription Factor DataBase (Animal TFDB). Intersection analysis was used to obtain TFs that were differentially expressed between tumor and adjacent tissues. Gene Set Cancer Analysis (GSCALite) and CIBERSORT software were used to reveal the key differentially expressed TFs (DE‐TFs). Subsequently, UALCAN and Human Protein Atlas (HPA) databases were used to disclose the expression of key DE‐TFs in BLCA. The K‐M curve divulged the relationship between the key DE‐TFs and the patient’s overall survival (OS), and the univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses were conducted to explore independent prognostic factors. The cluster profiler package and Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) were used for functional enrichment of genes related to the key DE‐TFs. Finally, CIBERSORT software analyzed the immune landscape of BLCA. Results. We obtained a total of 117 BLCA‐related DE‐TFs. Among them, ETV7 was identified as the key DE‐TFs due to its association with the autophagy activation pathway and various immune cells in cancer. Online databases of UALCAN and HPA indicated that ETV7 was overexpressed in tumors and negatively correlated with tumor severity. The K‐M curve showed that the OS of patients with high expression of ETV7 was poor, which indicated that it was an independent prognostic factor. Functional enrichment of 87 DEGs between ETV7‐high and ‐low expression groups indicated that it was closely related to the immune response and the functions of a variety of immune cells. Finally, CIBERSORT results proved that the high and low expression of ETV7 also caused significant differences in the tumor immune microenvironment of patients. Conclusion. Overall, we proved that the transcription factor ETV7 was a novel prognostic factor, which may improve the individualized outcome prediction in BLCA by regulating the tumor immune microenvironment.
Abnormal Detection in Big Data Video with an Improved Autoencoder
Authors: Bian Yihan , Tang Xinchen
Published: December 2021

With the rapid growth of video surveillance data, there is an increasing demand for big data automatic anomaly detection of large‐scale video data. The detection methods using reconstruction errors based on deep autoencoders have been widely discussed. However, sometimes the autoencoder could reconstruct the anomaly well and lead to missing detections. In order to solve this problem, this paper uses a memory module to enhance the autoencoder, which is called the memory‐augmented autoencoder (Memory AE) method. Given the input, Memory AE first obtains the code from the encoder and then uses it as a query to retrieve the most relevant memory items for reconstruction. In the training phase, the memory content is updated and encouraged to represent prototype elements of normal data. In the test phase, the learned memory elements are fixed, and reconstruction is obtained from several selected memory records of normal data. So, the reconstruction will tend to be close to normal samples. Therefore, the reconstruction of abnormal errors will be strengthened for abnormal detection. The experimental results on two public video anomaly detection datasets, i.e., Avenue dataset and ShanghaiTech dataset, prove the effectiveness of the proposed method.
TATI, TAT-2, and CRP as Prognostic Factors in Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Björkman Kajsa , Kaprio Tuomas , Beilmann-Lehtonen Ines , Stenman Ulf-Håkan , Böckelman Camilla , Haglund Caj
Published: December 2021

Objectives: Colorectal cancer is the third most common cancer worldwide, with an obvious need for more accurate prognostics. Previous studies identified C-reactive protein (CRP) as a prognostic serum biomarker for colorectal cancer, whereas the biomarkers tumor-associated trypsin inhibitor (TATI) and tumor-associated trypsin-2 (TAT-2) are less well-known prognostic factors. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to compare the prognostic role of these biomarkers. Materials and Methods: Our cohort consisted of 219 women and 274 men who underwent colorectal cancer surgery at Helsinki University Central Hospital from 1998 through 2005. Serum and plasma samples were collected before surgery, aliquoted, stored at −80°C, and then analyzed using high-sensitivity methods with commercially available time-resolved immunofluorometric assay kits. Results: In univariate analysis, CRP (HR 1.67; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.25–2.23; p = 0.001), TATI (HR 1.87; 95% CI: 1.13–3.08; p = 0.014), and TAT-2 (HR 1.52; 95% CI: 1.13–2.06; p = 0.006) were significant prognostic biomarkers across the entire cohort. In subgroup analyses, TATI and TAT-2 represented significant negative prognostic factors among patients older than 66, while patients with left-sided disease, a high serum TAT-2, or a high plasma CRP experienced worse prognosis. None of the biomarkers emerged as important in the disease stage subgroup analysis nor did they serve as independent factors in the multivariate analysis. Conclusions: TATI and TAT-2 as well as CRP significantly, but not independently, served as prognostic factors in our cohort of colorectal cancer patients. Further research is needed to fully understand their clinical role in colorectal cancer.
High-Throughput in vitro Gel-Based Plate Assay to Screen for Calcium Oxalate Stone Inhibitors
Authors: Chmiel John A. , Stuivenberg Gerrit A. , Alathel Abdulaziz , Gorla Jaswanth , Grohe Bernd , Razvi Hassan , Burton Jeremy P. , Bjazevic Jennifer
Published: December 2021

Objective: Kidney stones are a common medical condition that is increasing in prevalence worldwide. Approximately, ∼80% of urinary calculi are composed of calcium oxalate (CaOx). There is a growing interest toward identifying therapeutic compounds that can inhibit the formation of CaOx crystals. However, some chemicals (e.g., antibiotics and bacterial metabolites) may directly promote crystallization. Current knowledge is limited regarding crystal promoters and inhibitors. Thus, we have developed an in vitro gel-based diffusion model to screen for substances that directly influence CaOx crystal formation. Materials and Methods: We used double diffusion of sodium oxalate and calcium chloride-loaded paper disks along an agar medium to facilitate the controlled formation of monohydrate and dihydrate CaOx crystals. A third disk was used for the perpendicular diffusion of a test substance to assess its influence on CaOx crystal formation. Results: We confirmed that citrates and magnesium are effective inhibitors of CaOx crystals. We also demonstrated that 2 strains of uropathogenic Escherichia coli are able to promote crystal formation. While the other tested uropathogens and most antibiotics did not change crystal formation, ampicillin was able to reduce crystallization. Conclusion: We have developed an inexpensive and high-throughput model to evaluate substances that influence CaOx crystallization.
The Association between Evidence-Based Healthcare Practices and Outcomes among Preterm Births in China
Authors: Jin Di , Gu Xinyue , Jiang Siyuan , Wang Yanchen , Yang Tongling , Lu Yulan , Cao Yun , Lee Shoo K. , Wu Hui ,   on behalf of the CHNN investigators
Published: December 2021

Introduction: Very preterm infants are at high risk of early death or severe brain injury, with potential for impaired long-term neurodevelopmental function and physical health. There are evidence-based healthcare practices that can reduce the incidence. Materials and Methods: Infants born at 24–316 weeks gestational age and admitted within 24 h to NICUs participating in the Chinese Neonatal Network in 2019 were included. We examined the association between 4 evidence-based practices: inborn (born in a tertiary hospital in the Chinese Neonatal Network), ACS (any antenatal corticosteroid), MgSO4 (prenatal magnesium sulfate), and NT (normothermic temperature [36.0–37.5°C] at admission) and early death and/or severe brain injury in the study population. Results: Of 6,035 eligible infants, the incidence of early death and/or severe brain injury was 10.6%. Exposure to ACS only was associated with significant lower incidence of death and/or severe brain injury than none (aOR, 0.71; 95% CI: 0.57–0.88), but not MgSO4 only (aOR, 0.97; 95% CI: 0.81–1.17), NT only (aOR, 0.91; 95% CI: 0.76–1.08), or inborn only (aOR, 0.91; 95% CI: 0.72–1.15). The association between number of practices and incidence of early death and/or severe brain injury is as follows: none = 23% (31/138), any 1 = 14% (84/592), any 2 = 12% (185/1,538), any 3 = 9% (202/2,285), and all 4 = 9% (140/1,482). Discussion/Conclusion: More comprehensive use of evidence-based practices was associated with improved survival without severe brain injury among very preterm infants born at <32 weeks gestational age.
Hemodialysis Patients with Higher Serum Levels of Soluble Receptor for Advanced Glycation End Products Have an Increased Risk for Arteriovenous Fistula Failure
Authors: Ticala Maria , Rusu Crina Claudia , Moldovan Diana , Potra Alina Ramona , Tirinescu Dacian Călin , Coman Anca Laura , Bondor Cosmina Ioana , Budisan Livia , Kacsó Ina Maria
Published: December 2021

Background: Arteriovenous fistula (AVF) failure due to thrombosis is a major cause of morbidity in patients undergoing regular hemodialysis (HD). Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) and their receptor (RAGE) might contribute to inflammation, neointimal hyperplasia, and thrombosis. RAGE has a C-truncated secretory receptor form, called soluble RAGE (sRAGE). In this study, we aimed to evaluate the association of serum sRAGE with AVF failure due to thrombosis in HD patients. Methods: Eighty-eight prevalent HD patients with functional AVF were included in the study. The presence of stenosis, clinical and laboratory data, and serum sRAGE was evaluated at inclusion. sRAGE concentration was measured by a competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and stenosis was detected by ultrasound. Patients were prospectively followed up for 36 months. During this period, AVF failure (defined as the absence of blast or palpable thrill and impossible cannulation with 2 needles because of complete thrombosis) was noted and thrombosis was certified by ultrasound examination. Results: During follow-up, 16 (18.18%) patients lost their vascular access due to thrombosis. In multivariate Cox regression analysis, sRAGE was a significant predictor of vascular access thrombosis (hazard ratio = 1.15, 95% confidence interval: 1.03–1.25, p = 0.012). Kaplan-Meier analysis showed a significantly lower AVF patency time in patients with sRAGE >16.78 ng/mL than those with sRAGE <16.78 ng/mL (p = 0.02). In the subgroup of patients with stenosis at baseline, sRAGE, serum albumin, obesity, and ischemic heart disease were associated with thrombosis. Conclusion: In our study, baseline, systemic sRAGE is associated with the occurrence of thrombosis of AVF, and this marker has a significant impact on AVF survival.
Indicators of Drug-Related Community Impacts of Open Drug Scenes: A Scoping Review
Authors: Saberi Zafarghandi Mohammad Bagher , Eshrati Sahar , Rashedi Vahid , Vameghi Meroe , Arezoomandan Reza , Clausen Thomas , Waal Helge
Published: December 2021

Introduction: Places where people deal and/or use drugs publicly are known as open drug scenes (ODSs). Drug-related community impacts (DRCIs) refer to drug-related issues that negatively influence public and individual health, communities, businesses, and recreational and public space enjoyment. There are no well-established criteria for identification of DRCIs. We therefore performed a scoping review of literature to determine DRCIs indicators associated with ODSs. Methods: The review was performed using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis extension for scoping reviews (PRISMA-ScP). We searched English articles in PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and EMBASE databases from 1990 to 2021. The keywords were drug-related crime, drug-related offense, misconduct, social marginalization, homeless drug users, open drug scene, drug-related street disorder, public nuisance, and community impact. Results: Sixty-four studies were identified. Twenty-five studies were included. Two studies (8%) were about drug-related public nuisance, 1 (4%) considered drug-related social problems, 2 (8%) focused on drug-related social disorder, and 18 studies (72%) discussed indicators of community impacts such as crime, drug-related litter, safety, noise, and drug use in public. Two studies (8%) included the frequency of drug use in ODSs. Discussion: DRCI indicators are heterogenic, and various factors affect the indicators. The factors include social mores, political discourse, and historical approaches to dealing with and using drugs. Some societies do not tolerate the existence of ODSs. In contrast, many countries have adopted harm reduction programs to manage DRCIs. Identified DRCI indicators were drug using and dealing in public, drug-related litter, crime, drug-related loitering, street-based income generation activities, noise, and unsafety feelings in inhabitants. To solve the problems associated with DRCIs and to make a major change in ODSs, it is necessary to pay attention to the improvement of the economic conditions (e.g., employment opportunities), amendment (e.g., determine the limits of criminalization in drug use), and adoption of social policies (e.g., providing low-threshold and supportive services for homeless drug users).
Is It Time to Utilize Genetic Testing for Living Kidney Donor Evaluation?
Authors: Tantisattamo Ekamol , Reddy Uttam G. , Ichii Hirohito , Ferrey Antoney J. , Dafoe Donald C. , Ioannou Nick , Xie Jing , Pitman Tessa R. , Hendricks Emily , Eguchi Natsuki , Kalantar-Zadeh Kamyar
Published: December 2021

Living donor kidney transplantation is an effective strategy to mitigate the challenges of solid organ shortage. However, being a living kidney donor is not without risk, as donors may encounter short- and long-term complications including the risk of developing chronic kidney disease, end-stage kidney disease, hypertension, and possible pregnancy-related complications. Although the evaluation of potential living donors is a thorough and meticulous process with the intention of decreasing the chance of complications, particularly in donors who have lifetime risk projection, risk factors for kidney disease including genetic predispositions may be missed because they are not routinely investigated. This type of testing may not be offered to patients due to variability and decreased penetrance of symptoms and lack of availability of appropriate genetic testing and genetic specialists. We report a case of a middle-aged woman with a history of gestational diabetes and preeclampsia who underwent an uneventful living kidney donation. She developed postdonation nonnephrotic range proteinuria and microscopic hematuria. Given the risk of biopsy with a solitary kidney, genetic testing was performed and revealed autosomal dominant Alport syndrome. Our case underscores the utility of genetic testing. Hopefully, future research will examine the incorporation of predonation genetic testing into living kidney donor evaluation.
A Multicentre Randomised Controlled Study Evaluating the Effect of a Standardised Education Programme on Quality of Life, Disease Severity, and Disease Knowledge in Patients with Moderate-To-Severe Psoriasis: The EDUPSO Study
Authors: Jendoubi Fatma , Balica Stefana , Richard Marie Aleth , Chiaverini Christine , Bernier Claire , Quiles Nathalie , Bachelez Herve , Beylot-Barry Marie , Mallet Stéphanie , Goujon Catherine , Parier Josiane , Misery Laurent , Carrere Florence , Lauwers-Cances Valérie , Paul Carle ,   for the French Psoriasis Research Group
Published: December 2021

Background: Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory skin disease that has a profound effect on health-related quality of life (HRQoL). Patient education programmes may help patients to gain life-long control over their chronic disease. Objective: This multicentre randomised controlled study evaluated whether a standardised multidisciplinary education programme was beneficial to psoriasis patients. Methods: Adults with moderate-to-severe psoriasis were randomly assigned (1:1) to an intervention group to receive an educational programme or to a control group to receive usual care. Randomization was stratified by previous treatment history. The primary outcome was HRQoL, assessed by scoring the Skindex-29 domains emotion, symptom, and functioning. Psoriasis severity was assessed using the psoriasis area severity index (PASI). Levels of perceived stress, patient knowledge about psoriasis, and patient satisfaction were also assessed. Follow-up evaluations were performed at 3, 6, and 12 months. Results: A total 142 patients formed the intention-to-treat population: 70 in the control group and 72 in the intervention group. Skindex component scores and the PASI were significantly lower at 3, 6, and 12 months as compared to baseline in both groups, but no significant differences were found between the groups. Knowledge about psoriasis improved significantly during follow-up amongst patients from the intervention group compared to controls (68% of correct answers vs. 56%; p < 0.01). Patient satisfaction with psoriasis management and treatment was also better in the intervention group. Conclusions: The standardised education programme did not improve HRQoL and disease severity in psoriasis, but led to a significant improvement in patient knowledge about the disease and increased patient satisfaction.
History of Adverse Pregnancy on Subsequent Maternal-Fetal Outcomes in Patients with Immunoglobulin A Nephropathy: A Retrospective Cohort Study from a Chinese Single Center
Authors: Lian Xingji , Fan Li , Ning Xin , Wang Cong , Lin Yi , Chen Wenfang , Chen Wei , Yu Xueqing
Published: December 2021

Background: Gestation complications have a recurrence risk and could predispose to each other in the next pregnancy. We aimed to evaluate the relationship between a history of adverse pregnancy and maternal-fetal outcomes in subsequent pregnancy in patients with Immunoglobulin A nephropathy (IgAN). Methods: A retrospective cohort study from a Chinese single center was conducted. Pregnant women with biopsy-proven primary IgAN and aged ≥18 years were enrolled and divided into the 2 groups by a history of adverse pregnancy. The primary outcome was adverse pregnancy outcome, which included maternal-fetal outcomes. Logistical regression model was used to evaluate the association of a history of adverse pregnancy with subsequent adverse maternal and fetal outcomes. Results: Ninety-one women with 100 pregnancies were included, of which 54 (54%) pregnancies had a history of adverse pregnancy. IgAN patients with adverse pregnancy history had more composite maternal outcomes (70.4% vs. 45.7%, p = 0.012), while there was no difference in the composite adverse fetal outcomes between the 2 groups (55.6% vs. 45.7%). IgAN patients with a history of adverse pregnancy were associated with an increased risk of subsequent adverse maternal outcomes (adjusted odds ratio [OR], 2.64; 95% CI, 1.07–6.47). Similar results were shown in those with baseline serum albumin <3.5 g/dL, 24 h proteinuria ≥1 g/day, and a history of hypertension. There was no association between a history of adverse pregnancy and subsequent adverse fetal outcomes in IgAN patients (adjusted OR, 1.56; 95% CI, 0.63–3.87). Conclusion: A history of adverse pregnancy was associated with an increased risk of subsequent adverse maternal outcomes, but not for adverse fetal outcomes in IgAN patients.
Lower Extremity Varicose Veins: An Unusual Presentation of Small Bowel Leiomyosarcoma
Authors: Abou El Joud Karim , Abbasi Misha
Published: December 2021

Leiomyosarcomas (LMSs) are extremely rare and comprise only 1.2% of small bowel malignancies. Advancements in immunohistochemical techniques have allowed for the differentiation between LMSs and gastrointestinal stromal tumors. LMSs remain difficult to detect via endoscopy and require a more intricate diagnostic approach. The staging and sizing of these tumors are important prognostic indicators. We report a case of a 67-year-old male who presented with bulging lower extremity veins, abdominal bloating, and weight loss. A CT of the abdomen and pelvis revealed a pelvic mass arising from the small bowel and a metastatic hepatic lesion, which was found to be compressing the inferior vena cava. A biopsy of the hepatic lesion confirmed the diagnosis of metastatic LMS.
Gallbladder Neuroendocrine Tumors: Is There a Need for a Specific Approach?
Authors: Dhakre Vijay Waman , Purushothaman Govind , Doctor Nilesh
Published: December 2021

Neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) of the gallbladder or the biliary tree are rare. Most of the current guidelines and protocols are derived from the experience of managing lung small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma or gastrointestinal NETs. But, the overall outcome of gallbladder NETs (GB-NETs) seems worse than similarly staged lung NETs and adenocarcinoma of the gallbladder. This may be due to its rarity and lack of literature for a focused approach toward its treatment. Hence, the need for a specifically designed approach might help improve results of treatment for these rare tumors. We share our experience of 2 patients with GB-NETs and their 5-year outcome.
A cascaded converter using hybrid cells and H-bridge structure
Authors: Ajay Dangeti Satya Subrahmanya , Patnaik Sekharamantry Chaitanya Kishore , Bayanti Venkata Kowshik , Ch B. A. Raju , Murthy KVS Ramachandra , Tirupathi Abhilash
Published: December 2021

This paper introduces a cascaded converter structure using hybrid two-level cells to form a single-phase seven-level inverter. Compared to various conventional and existing multilevel (MLI) topologies, this topology requires a lower number of devices. It uses several DC sources integrated in two-stage cells to provide the required voltage. In this topology, the DC-link condensers are not necessary. The modes of operation and modulation of the structure proposed are described in depth. Finally, in the MATLAB/Simulink platform the new topology is evaluated and the results reported.
A single-phase simplified DC-AC converter using DC-link capacitors and an H-bridge
Authors: Sindhura Nunna Sai Divya , Ketha Akhilesh , Goud Padamat Srivastav Sai , Rambabu K. , Kshirsagar Ujwala Anil , Tirupathi Abhilash
Published: December 2021

This paper introduces a simplified inverter circuit using a single dc source and an H-bridge with a least possible number of “switching devices”. This topology does not employ multiple “dc sources”, which enhances the reliability of the configuration. The topology consists of two parts, namely: “Level generation parts” as well as “Polarity generation parts”, it is the mixture of some of the switching devices, DC-link capacitor and a single DC source completes the part of level generation. The H-bridge in the proposed structure produces the polarity generation part. A detailed explanation of the modulation system and operating modes of the proposed framework are discussed. Finally, in the MATLAB/SIMULINK platform, the projected network topology is simulated and the outcomes are presented.
An empirical assessment of different kernel functions on the performance of support vector machines
Authors: Nti Isaac Kofi , Nyarko-Boateng Owusu , Adekoya Felix Adebayo , Weyori Benjamin Asubam
Published: December 2021

Artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) have influenced every part of our day-to-day activities in this era of technological advancement, making a living more comfortable on the earth. Among the several AI and ML algorithms, the support vector machine (SVM) has become one of the most generally used algorithms for data mining, prediction and other (AI and ML) activities in several domains. The SVM’s performance is significantly centred on the kernel function (KF); nonetheless, there is no universal accepted ground for selecting an optimal KF for a specific domain. In this paper, we investigate empirically different KFs on the SVM performance in various fields. We illustrated the performance of the SVM based on different KF through extensive experimental results. Our empirical results show that no single KF is always suitable for achieving high accuracy and generalisation in all domains. However, the gaussian radial basis function (RBF) kernel is often the default choice. Also, if the KF parameters of the RBF and exponential RBF are optimised, they outperform the linear and sigmoid KF based SVM method in terms of accuracy. Besides, the linear KF is more suitable for the linearly separable dataset.
Twin support vector machine using kernel function for colorectal cancer detection
Authors: Rustam Zuherman , Zhafarina Fildzah , Aurelia Jane Eva , Amalia Yasirly
Published: December 2021

Nowadays, machine learning technology is needed in the medical field. therefore, this research is useful for solving problems in the medical field by using machine learning. Many cases of colorectal cancer are diagnosed late. When colorectal cancer is detected, the cancer is usually well developed. Machine learning is an approach that is part of artiﬁcial intelligence and can detect colorectal cancer early. This study discusses colorectal cancer detection using twin support vector machine (SVM) method and kernel function i.e. linear kernels, polynomial kernels, RBF kernels, and gaussian kernels. By comparing the accuracy and running time, then we will know which method is better in classifying the colorectal cancer dataset that we get from Al-Islam Hospital, Bandung, Indonesia. The results showed that polynomial kernels has better accuracy and running time. It can be seen with a maximum accuracy of twin SVM using polynomial kernels 86% and 0.502 seconds running time.