bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Artificial intelligence quantifying endoscopic severity of ulcerative colitis in gradation scale
Authors: Takabayashi Kaoru , Kobayashi Taku , Matsuoka Katsuyoshi , Levesque Barrett G. , Kawamura Takuji , Tanaka Kiyohito , Kadota Takeaki , Bise Ryoma , Uchida Seiichi , Kanai Takanori , Ogata Haruhiko
Published: September 2023

Objectives

Existing endoscopic scores for ulcerative colitis (UC) objectively categorize disease severity based on the presence or absence of endoscopic findings; therefore, it may not reflect the range of clinical severity within each category. However, inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) expert endoscopists categorize the severity and diagnose the overall impression of the degree of inflammation. This study aimed to develop an artificial intelligence (AI) system that can accurately represent the assessment of the endoscopic severity of UC by IBD expert endoscopists.

Methods

A ranking‐convolutional neural network (ranking‐CNN) was trained using comparative information on the UC severity of 13,826 pairs of endoscopic images created by IBD expert endoscopists. Using the trained ranking‐CNN, the UC Endoscopic Gradation Scale (UCEGS) was used to express severity. Correlation coefficients were calculated to ensure that there were no inconsistencies in assessments of severity made using UCEGS diagnosed by the AI and the Mayo Endoscopic Subscore, and the correlation coefficients of the mean for test images assessed using UCEGS by four IBD expert endoscopists and the AI.

Results

Spearman's correlation coefficient between the UCEGS diagnosed by AI and Mayo Endoscopic Subscore was approximately 0.89. The correlation coefficients between IBD expert endoscopists and the AI of the evaluation results were all higher than 0.95 (P < 0.01).

Conclusions

The AI developed here can diagnose UC severity endoscopically similar to IBD expert endoscopists.
Intergenerational differences in healthy eating beliefs among British Pakistanis with type 2 diabetes
Authors: Iqbal Syka , Iqbal Halima , Kagan Carolyn
Published: September 2023

Introduction

There are growing concerns on how to prevent, slow down and induce remission of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Recent evidence has found diet and lifestyle interventions can cause remission of T2DM, however, there are challenges for diverse groups such as British Pakistanis who are four times more at risk of T2DM. There is a need to understand the food behaviours of different generational groups to develop culturally appropriate strategies to support diabetes prevention programmes.

Aims

This study explores beliefs about healthy eating and food practices related to T2DM among British Pakistanis to understand the challenges they face in implementing healthy diets.

Method

We carried out 26 semi‐structured qualitative interviews via telephone and face‐to‐face. The sample included T2DM British Pakistanis living in Bradford (UK), aged between 18 and 71 with a mean age of 50 (SD = 17.04). Among the participants, 14 were women (54%) and 12 were men (46%), with interviews conducted in both English (76%) and Urdu (24%). Participants were grouped under three generation groups based on age (first generation 65+; second generation 40–64; younger generation 18–39 years). There was no biological link between the generational groups, and they were not part of the same family. Data were analysed using qualitative reflexive thematic analysis.

Results

Findings were categorised into three themes: knowledge and awareness of diabetes symptoms; social and family context of food practices and making sense of healthy eating. The family was the fundamental unit of understanding food‐related health behaviours. Eating traditional food was perceived as healthy and deemed practical for first generations who were the initial members of their family to settle in the UK as well as the second generations who had parents born in Pakistan. Younger British Pakistanis were born in the UK and reported that they struggled to eat alternative foods within the home and manage their T2DM.

Conclusion

These findings improve our understanding of how three generations of British Pakistanis with T2DM negotiate healthy diets. There is a need for culturally tailored diet modifications and interventions, where different generational needs can be specifically targeted to adopt healthier diets which should be shared and encouraged.
Simultaneous structural replacement of the sphingoid long‐chain base and sterol in budding yeast
Authors: Kono Yushi , Ishibashi Yohei , Fukuda Shizuka , Higuchi Takashi , Tani Motohiro
Published: September 2023

The basic structures of membrane lipids that compose biomembranes differ among species; i.e., in mammals, the primary structure of long‐chain base (LCB), the common backbone of ceramides and complex sphingolipids, is sphingosine, whereas, in yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, it is phytosphingosine, and S. cerevisiae does not have sphingosine. In addition, the sterol, which is coordinately involved in various functions with complex sphingolipids, is cholesterol in mammals, while in yeast it is ergosterol. Previously, it was found that yeast cells are viable when the structure of LCBs is replaced by sphingosine by supplying an exogenous LCB to cells lacking LCB biosynthesis. Here, we characterized yeast cells having sphingosine instead of phytosphingosine (sphingosine cells). Sphingosine cells exhibited a strong growth defect when biosynthesis of ceramides or complex sphingolipids was inhibited, indicating that, in the sphingosine cells, exogenously added sphingosine is required to be further metabolized. The sphingosine cells exhibited hypersensitivity to various environmental stresses and had abnormal plasma membrane and cell wall properties. Furthermore, we also established a method for simultaneous replacement of both LCB and sterol structures with those of mammals (sphingosine/cholesterol cells). The multiple stress hypersensitivity and abnormal plasma membrane and cell wall properties observed in sphingosine cells were also observed in sphingosine/cholesterol cells, suggesting that simultaneous replacement of both LCB and sterol structures with those of mammals cannot prevent these abnormal phenotypes. This is the first study to our knowledge showing that S. cerevisiae can grow even if LCB and sterol structures are simultaneously replaced with mammalian types.
Breakdown performance of potassium‐sodium niobate piezoceramics copped with oxides
Authors: Li Ronglian , Zhang Guoxiang , Li Yuesong , Zhao Ping , Sun Qi , Wang Yuanyu
Published: September 2023

In the work, the CuO, Fe2O3, ZnO, and Al2O3 are doped in the potassium‐sodium niobate (KNN) to investigate their effects on the breakdown strength (EB) through in situ decomposition reaction on the KNN particles. The results suggest that the EB increases to some extent, thanks to the addition of oxides. Particularly, the addition of ZnO improves the EB by 34.08% compared with pure KNN ceramics. The X‐ray diffractometry, SEM, temperature‐dependent dielectric constant, complex impedance spectrum, breakdown strength test, and energy band structure are employed for the EB investigation. The addition of Fe2O3 and Al2O3 can reduce the grain size of ceramics while CuO leads to grain growth. The relative density, dielectric constant, activation energy (Ea), and relaxation time (τ) of the ceramics are enhanced by the addition of Fe2O3, ZnO and Al2O3. Among these factors, the relative density is helpful for the improvement of the EB. Additionally, the featured energy band structure contributes to such improvement.
Enhanced high temperature properties of ZTA prestressed ceramics reinforced by cordierite coating
Authors: Li Hai‐Yan , Wu Haolong , Han Yao , Liu Xiao‐gen , Wan Detian , Bao Yiwang
Published: September 2023

Zirconia toughened alumina (ZTA) has a wide range of applications in high temperature. Though some routes were reported to enhance the mechanical properties at room temperature, the preparation of ZTA with improved high temperature properties was still unknown. In this work, cordierite/ZTA pre‐stressed ceramics (marked as Cor‐ZTA30) have been fabricated successfully by using prestressed coating reinforcement method. The relationships among the temperature, residual stress and the flexural strength of Cor‐ZTA30 have been established based on experimental data. Due to the compressive stresses exists in the surface layer of Cor‐ZTA30 hinder the crack extension, the flexural strength of Cor‐ZTA30 was greatly enhanced at the temperatures below 1000°C. In addition, the difference in flexural strength between coated and uncoated ZTA ceramics decreased with increasing temperature until 1000°C. It indicated that the residual stress vanished entirely as the temperature above 1000°C, which resulted in the same flexural strength for ZTA and Cor‐ZTA30. Therefore, strengthening ZTA ceramics by prestressing is available under the temperatures below 1000°C.
Sustainable activation of pumice with partially variable substitutions of metakaolin and/or fumed silica
Authors: Bagci Cengiz , Kafkas Dogan , Samuel Devon M. , Kriven Waltraud M.
Published: September 2023

Sustainable alkali activation of pumice from Turkish origin was studied by a partial replacement of metakaolin and/or fumed silica additives. Following the characterization of as‐received pumice by X‐ray fluorescence spectroscopy, x‐ray diffraction, and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, a series of powder mixtures were prepared by introducing metakaolin and/or fumed silica (8, 14, and 20 M) into 1 M of the pumice. The mixtures were then dissolved in 11 M NaOH or sodium silicate solutions. The slurries were poured into polyacetal molds to obtain geopolymer samples for mechanical testing and cured in a constant 50°C temperature in a humidity oven for 48 h and then left for 1 week to undergo additional curing at ambient temperature. The microstructural, mechanical, and thermal properties of the final geopolymer samples were determined by XRD, scanning electron microscopy, Weibull analysis of 3‐point flexural and compressive tests and thermal conductivity measurements. Results showed that all the Weibull values were best for 14 M of metakaolin and/or fumed silica. The metakaolin‐added pumice yielded higher compressive strengths of (53.78 ± 33.30 MPa) than fumed silica (10.87 ± 4.04 MPa) and fumed silica plus metakaolin (41.22 ± 5.16 MPa). Thermal conductivities (0.19–0.46 Wm–1K–1) were also comparable to the thermal conductivity of metakaolin‐based geopolymers.
Characterization of hydroxyapatite from recycled fish scale and its application as a filler in a biodegradable food tray
Authors: Kongthong Kwansuda , Trongnit Jutamas , Sriwoon Rujinard , Sukolrat Apinya , Kaewtatip Kaewta
Published: September 2023

Fish scale waste can be used as a precursor of hydroxyapatite (HAp). In this work, HAp was extracted from white seabass (Lates calcarifer) scale waste by using an alkali heat treatment. The fish scale was pretreated with hydrochloric acid (HCl) concentrations of 0.1, 0.5, and 1 M. The pretreated fish scale was then treated with 2% sodium hydroxide (NaOH) solution at 70°C for 5 h and again (20% NaOH solution) for 1 h to extract HAp. The effects of each pretreatment on the properties of the extracted HAp were investigated. HAp produced after pretreatment with 1 M HCl had the smallest particle size (28.24 ± 5.20 μm), the highest degree of crystallinity (79%), the highest thermal stability, the largest BET surface area (90.80 m2/g), and the highest whiteness value (97.360 ± 0.01). 1 M HCl could eliminate more protein, collagen, and other organic compounds than lower HCl concentrations without destroying the crystalline domains of the fish scale. Waste L. calcarifer scale is therefore a potential source of HAp. Furthermore, in a preliminary study for further research, HAp extracted in the proposed procedure was used as a filler in a biodegradable starch foam.
Reactive hot pressing parameters on reaction, densification, and mechanical properties of Ti3AlC2 ceramic
Authors: Rangaraj Lingappa
Published: September 2023

Ti3AlC2 ceramic was produced using a 3Ti–Al–1.8C powder mixture by reactive hot pressing at 2–10 MPa and 1100°C–1300°C for 15–60 min. X‐ray diffraction patterns confirmed the Ti2AlC phase up to 1200°C, and at 1300°C, Ti3AlC2 remained as a primary phase with a tiny peak of TiC. Ti3AlC2 and TiC phases varied from 93 to 96 vol.% and 7 to 4 vol.%, respectively, with different pressure and time at 1300°C. An applied pressure of 10 MPa and 1300°C resulted in a density of 4.18 g/cm3 (98.4% relative density) in the samples. It was observed that lower temperature (1100–1200°C) and low applied pressure (2 MPa) do not attain the required density, whereas soaking time is insignificant to achieve the required density at 1300°C. The microhardness and flexural strength were 6.32 ± .20 GPa and 592 ± 42 MPa, respectively.
Microstructure and stress relief mechanism of C/C composite and GH3044 superalloy joints using (Cu)+Ti5Si3 foil filler
Authors: Wang Yonglei , Zhang Keke , Yin Danqing
Published: September 2023

A Ti5Si3 reinforced (Cu) matrix foil composite filler was prepared and applied to join C/C composite and GH3044 superalloy, and a finite element model with random distribution particles was constructed to reveal the stress relief mechanism of composite brazing. Results showed the in‐situ synthesized Ti5Si3 reinforcements with a size of less than 5 µm were distributed uniformly in the (Cu) matrix, and their volume fraction reached 38%. The shear strength of the joint brazed with the composite filler reached 37.6 MPa, which is about 100% higher than that brazed with (Cu) filler. The Ti5Si3 reinforcements relieved the residual stress mainly by reducing residual stress values, introducing compressive stress into the joining layer, and transforming the continuous tensile stress into tensile stress/compressive stress.
Formation, conversion, and elimination of intermediate spinel phase in MgO/kaolin mixture firing for cordierite
Authors: Yang Yang , Yan Jiaqi , Cheng Shujia , Liu Gang , Chen Bensong , Zheng Kang , Chen Lin , Tian Xingyou
Published: September 2023

Cordierite ceramic is usually used for diesel particulate filter owing to its excellent low thermal expansion coefficient and high thermal shock resistance properties. However, the co‐exited intermediate spinel phase can deteriorate the thermal and mechanical performances of cordierite ceramic product, because the spinel phase has much higher thermal expansion coefficient comparing to that of cordierite. In this study, two methods are utilized to reduce the spinel impurity in the cordierite ceramic. On the one hand, rational reaction resources were introduced to decrease spinel production. The formation of intermediate spinel phase is systematically researched by X‐ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Raman characterizations and the results clarified the preference of path “Enstatite + Mullite → Cordierite” for less spinel production in comparison to path “Enstatite + Al2O3 → Cordierite + Spinel.” Additionally, MgO was introduced as fluxing agent to promote liquid‐phase sintering, thus facilitating the conversion of spinel. On the other hand, the sintering schedule was improved by introducing a holding temperature gradient to promote the diffusion of Si4+ and further promote the conversion of spinel into cordierite. With these methods, the residual spinel phase is minimized, the resulting high‐purity cordierite has a 47% reduction in the thermal expansion coefficient from 3.07 × 10−6/K to 1.63 × 10−6/K compared to the original cordierite sample.
Phase selectivity and environmental stability of 612‐aluminate synthesized by sintering Co‐precipitated precursor
Authors: Dong Liexiao , Zhou Yanbo , Gong Tiantian , Wu Mingshan , Xu Luxiang , Fu Hao
Published: September 2023

The environmental stability of barium calcium aluminate for impregnated cathodes is significant for storing impregnants and fabricating thermionic cathodes. In this work, two types of phase structures are obtained in the 612‐type aluminate. The Ba3CaAl2O7 single‐phase structure is obtained if the crucible is uncovered after sintering for 300 min at 1200°C. In contrast, the Ba3Al2O6 and BaCO3 dual‐phase structure is achieved by suppressing the solid‐state reaction by covering the crucible and reducing the sintering duration to 75 min. The dual‐phase sample exhibits superior environment stability to the single‐phase one when exposed to moist air. The reason could be attributed to the smaller specific surface area and total pore volume of the dual‐phase sample due to the incomplete liberty of gases in sintering. Because of their identical compositions, the cathodes impregnated with different sintered phases possess comparable electron emission capacities. This work provides an effective process to synthesize 612‐aluminate with good environmental stability and emissive capacity.
Do not be salty: an analysis of consumers' salt reduction strategies investigated using word association tasks
Authors: Dabas Tanvi , Gorman Mackenzie , LeBlanc Jeanne , Moss Rachael , McSweeney Matthew B.
Published: September 2023

Obesity and obesity‐related illness have become an increasingly prevalent problem in Canada and around the globe. Due to this situation, consumers' attitudes towards salt use have changed. The objective of this study was to investigate individuals' attitudes towards salt use and identify if they are choosing to reduce salt in their diet using unrestrictive questions. A convenience sample of 193 participants, residing in Atlantic Canada were recruited. Word association tasks were used to identify their attitudes towards salt‐reduced foods and high‐salt food products. Furthermore, an open‐ended comment question was used to identify consumers' salt reduction strategies. Participants considered salt‐reduced foods to be healthy and specifically indicated that they help to reduce blood pressure. However, they also considered them to be bland and lack flavour. The participants identified that they believed processed foods to be high in salt, especially processed meats. The majority of participants (70% of the overall population; 89% of older adults above 65 years of age) said they are trying to reduce their salt intake. The most frequently mentioned strategies for reducing salt and sodium intake were making homemade meals, purchasing low‐salt and sodium‐labelled foods, reading nutrition fact labels and removing saltshakers from their table at home.
Response of nonstoichiometric pyrochlore composition Nd1.8Zr2.2O7.1 to electronic excitations
Authors: Sharma Saurabh Kumar , Grover Vinita , Shukla Rakesh , Hussain Abid , Mishra Ambuj , Kulriya Pawan Kumar
Published: September 2023

In response of swift heavy ion (100 MeV I9+) irradiation, the irradiation‐induced disordering in nonstoichiometric pyrochlore composition (Nd1.8Zr2.2O7.1) was compared to that of stoichiometric composition Nd2Zr2O7. Both compositions were prepared through auto gel‐combustion followed by sintering under the identical conditions. Systematic analysis of the compositions before and after irradiation was performed with X‐ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy, and plane‐view high‐resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) techniques. Irradiation caused pyrochlore to amorphous phase transformation was observed in both compositions except the slower rate of amorphization in Nd1.8Zr2.2O7.1. The amorphization was achieved as a consequence of isolated disordered track overlapping at higher ion fluence with the estimated track diameter 2.73 ± 0.05 and 3.46 ± 0.30 nm for Nd1.8Zr2.2O7.1 and Nd2Zr2O7, respectively, employing the framework of single‐ion impact model to XRD results. HRTEM micrographs also revealed the less prevalence of irradiation‐induced amorphization in Nd1.8Zr2.2O7.1 with the observed irradiation‐induced modified track region composed of defect‐rich pyrochlore structure, anion‐deficient fluorite structure, and amorphous domains; with the diameter of 3.0 ± 1.0 nm and 5.0 ± 1.0 nm in Nd1.8Zr2.2O7.1 and Nd2Zr2O7, respectively. The preexisting anion‐deficient fluorite structure in Nd1.8Zr2.2O7.1 helps in its epitaxial growth as recovered structure from melted ion track during irradiation‐induced rapid cooling.
Impedance spectroscopy: A useful technique to unveil the mechanism of a CO oxidation reaction
Authors: dos Santos Veiga Emerson Luiz , Beltrán‐Mir Héctor , Vendrell Xavier , Llorca Jordi , Cordoncillo Eloísa
Published: September 2023

In this work, the impedance spectroscopy (IS) technique was used to aid in understanding the reaction mechanism of the CO oxidation reaction using the Pr2Zr2−xFexO7±δ (x = 0 and 0.10) mixed oxide as a heterogeneous catalyst. The catalytic reaction occurred in the same temperature range where there was a decrease in the overall resistivity of the materials. Moreover, it has been observed that within the temperature range where the catalytic process takes place, there is a variation in the A and n parameters of the power law dispersion. Combining IS with catalytic reactions offers a robust approach to enhance the understanding of the mechanisms involved in the CO oxidation reaction. It enables precise analysis of the changes that take place at the solid–gas interface, particularly the generation of reactive oxygen species. Furthermore, it allows examining the relationship between the presence of oxygen vacancies and defects, which directly impact the catalytic process.
Effect of fiber orientation on tribological properties of fiber‐reinforced C/C–SiC composites mated with ceramic ball
Authors: Pan Wenqian , Xia Xizhen , Zhou Wei , Li Yang
Published: September 2023

Carbon fiber–reinforced SiC ceramic matrix composites (C/C–SiC composites) with advantages of high wear resistance and corrosion resistance are of high application potential as ceramic bearings. In this study, the frictional and wear behaviors of C/C–SiC with different fiber orientations mating with Al2O3 and SiC balls, respectively, have been investigated. Results reveal that fiber orientation effectively affects the friction and wear properties of carbon–ceramic composites in paired friction experiments with ceramic balls. In comparison to C/C–SiC with unidirectional fiber orientation, C/C–SiC pads with randomly arranged fibers exhibited a more stable coefficient of friction and lower volume wear, presenting the best performance among the pads considered herein, which may have the potential to be applied to bearing materials. The factors affecting the formation of continuous tribo‐film, which influence the comprehensive performance, are researched. It is proposed that the amount of wear debris and the formation of SiC/SiC micro‐hard frictional pairs may inhibit or promote the formation of continuous friction film. The dominant wear mechanisms for friction pairs of C/C–SiC and ceramic are abrasive wear and oxidation wear.
CellProfiler plugins – An easy image analysis platform integration for containers and Python tools
Authors: Weisbart Erin , Tromans‐Coia Callum , Diaz‐Rohrer Barbara , Stirling David R. , Garcia‐Fossa Fernanda , Senft Rebecca A. , Hiner Mark C. , de Jesus Marcelo B. , Eliceiri Kevin W. , Cimini Beth A.
Published: September 2023

CellProfiler is a widely used software for creating reproducible, reusable image analysis workflows without needing to code. In addition to the >90 modules that make up the main CellProfiler program, CellProfiler has a plugins system that allows for the creation of new modules which integrate with other Python tools or tools that are packaged in software containers. The CellProfiler‐plugins repository contains a number of these CellProfiler modules, especially modules that are experimental and/or dependency‐heavy. Here, we present an upgraded CellProfiler‐plugins repository, an example of accessing containerised tools, improved documentation and added citation/reference tools to facilitate the use and contribution of the community.
Social anxiety disorder in adolescents who stutter: A risk for school refusal
Authors: Kikuchi Yoshikazu , Kenjo Masamutsu , Yoshida Eriko , Takahashi Saburo , Murakami Daisuke , Yamaguchi Yumi , Adachi Kazuo , Sawatsubashi Motohiro , Taura Masahiko , Nakagawa Takashi , Umezaki Toshiro
Published: September 2023

Background: Stuttering is a childhood‐onset fluency disorder. Part of the counseling for middle and high school students with persistent stuttering is related to school refusal. Anxiety disorders are known to contribute to school refusal. However, it is not known whether social anxiety disorder (SAD) is a factor in school refusal among adolescents who stutter.

Methods: In our first study, we examined the relationship between school refusal and SAD in 84 middle and high school students who stutter; 26% of the 84 students were in the school refusal group and the remaining 74% were in the school attendance group. The second study examined whether SAD was associated with 10 factors related to speech and stuttering frequency using the Japanese version of the Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale for Children and Adolescents to determine the presence of SAD. Of the 84 students in the first study, 40 participated in the second study.

Results: The school refusal group of adolescents who stutter had significantly higher rates of SAD than the school attendance group. Fifty percent of adolescents who stutter met the criteria for SAD. Moreover, adolescents who stutter with SAD had significantly higher scores on the items “When speaking in public, do you experience tremors in your limbs?” and “After you stutter, do you have negative thoughts about yourself?” than the adolescents who stutter without SAD.

Conclusions: When examining adolescents who stutter, checking for comorbid SAD may lead to better support. Moreover, noticing their repetitive negative thinking, nervousness, and trembling during speech may help to resolve SAD.
Managing material shortages in project supply chains: Inventories, time buffers, and supplier flexibility
Authors: Kouvelis Panos , Chen Xingxing , Xia Yu
Published: September 2023

We consider a two‐stage project supply chain with a downstream project firm producing an engineer‐to‐order (ETO) complex product or a make‐to‐order (MTO), low‐volume, customized industrial product as a project, and an upstream contract supplier supplying a key material to the project. The project faces two uncertainties: project activity time uncertainty and material consumption uncertainty, which may be positively or negatively correlated. In anticipation of these uncertainties, the project firm has to carefully decide its promised project due date to its project customer, against which harsh penalties will be assessed, and his material order quantity to commit to the contract supplier in advance. In most practical settings, project firms order from contracted suppliers via a flexible wholesale price contract consisting of a discounted advance order price and a risk‐premium adjusted expedite order price. The discounted advance order price encourages the project firm to take more inventory risk in the supply chain, and the expedite order price incentivizes the supplier to bear more inventory risk by carrying safety stock in excess of the project firm's advance material order. We formulate an optimization model that solves the project firm's project due date and material order problem, which takes into account the supplier's strategic reaction to the project firm's material order under the flexible wholesale price contract. We show that for MTO projects, risk‐sharing with suppliers on project materials is less important to the project firm, with the project firm assuming ownership of all material inventory in the channel and setting a deliberate project due date being the key. On the other hand, for ETO projects, risk‐sharing with contracted suppliers assumes critical importance. Project firms managing ETO projects should fully exploit the flexibility in the material supply contract to optimally drive the supplier's safety stock level and set the project due date reflecting the shared risk in the supply chain.
Skew Howe duality and limit shapes of Young diagrams
Authors: Nazarov Anton , Postnova Olga , Scrimshaw Travis
Published: September 2023

We consider the skew Howe duality for the action of certain dual pairs of Lie groups on the exterior algebra as a probability measure on Young diagrams by the decomposition into the sum of irreducible representations. We prove a combinatorial version of this skew Howe duality for the pairs , , , and using crystal bases, which allows us to interpret the skew Howe duality as a natural consequence of lattice paths on lozenge tilings of certain partial hexagonal domains. The ‐representation multiplicity is given as a determinant formula using the Lindström–Gessel–Viennot lemma and as a product formula. These admit natural ‐analogs that we show equals the ‐dimension of a ‐representation (up to an overall factor of ), giving a refined version of the combinatorial skew Howe duality. Using these product formulas (at ), we take the infinite rank limit and prove that the diagrams converge uniformly to the limit shape.
Einstein and Jordan frame correspondence in quantum cosmology: expansion-collapse duality
Authors: Mukherjee Dipayan , Sahota Harkirat Singh
Published: September 2023

The conformal correspondence between FLRW universes in the Einstein and Jordan frames allows for an expansion-collapse duality – an always expanding Einstein frame universe can have a dual Jordan frame description that is contracting forever. The scenario eventually runs into an apparent paradox. When the contracting Jordan frame universe becomes sufficiently small, the classical description becomes inadequate and the universe is expected to develop quantum characteristics. However, at this time, the corresponding Einstein frame universe is expected to behave classically, due to the arbitrarily large size it has grown to. The conformal map here appears to be providing a duality between a quantum effect-dominated universe and a classical universe. We investigate the status of the conformal map at the quantum level in such a scenario, focusing on addressing this paradox. The Einstein and Jordan frame universes are quantized using the Wheeler-DeWitt prescription. We show that the classical conformal map holds at the quantum level when compared through expectation values of scale factors. The relative quantum fluctuation in the scale factor becomes conformally invariant, it increases in both the past and future directions according to the internal clock. Expectedly, the quantum fluctuations in the collapsing Jordan frame increase as it shrinks towards singularity. More surprisingly, the quantum fluctuations in the expanding Einstein frame increase as well, even as its classical scale factor becomes larger. Despite having drastically different cosmological evolutions, the rise in quantum characteristics in a collapsing frame implies the same in its expanding counterpart, thereby resolving the apparent paradox.
The potential to probe solar neutrino physics with LiCl water solution
Authors: Shao Wenhui , Xu Weiran , Liang Ye , Luo Wentai , Xu Tong , Qi Ming , Zhang Jialiang , Xu Benda , Wang Zhe , Chen Shaomin
Published: September 2023

A solar neutrino detector relying on the charged-current (CC) interaction of $$\nu _e$$

ν
e

on $$\mathrm{{}^{7}Li}$$

7

Li

is attractive. The total CC interaction cross-section weighted by the solar $$^8$$

8

B electron neutrino spectrum is approximately 60 times that of the neutrino-electron elastic scattering process. The final state effective kinetic energy after the CC interaction on $$\mathrm{{}^{7}Li}$$

7

Li

directly reflects the neutrino energy, which stands in sharp contrast to the plateau structure of recoil electrons of the elastic scattering. The recent measurement of the optical properties of saturated LiCl water solution, especially the long attenuation length, has once again aroused our interest in LiCl. In this work, with new B(GT) experimental measurements, the CC cross-section on $$\mathrm{{}^{7}Li}$$

7

Li

is reevaluated to be $$3.759\times 10^{-42}~\textrm{cm}^2$$

3.759
×

10

-
42

cm
2

. Given the high solubility of LiCl of 74.5 g/100 g water at 10 $$^\circ $$

∘

C and the high natural abundance of 92.41% of $$\mathrm{{}^{7}Li}$$

7

Li

, a solar neutrino detection proposal is made. The detector with high concentration LiCl water solution has a comparable CC event rate of $$\nu _e$$

ν
e

on $$\mathrm{{}^{7}Li}$$

7

Li

with that of neutrino-electron elastic scattering. The contained $$\mathrm{{}^{35}Cl}$$

35

Cl

, $$\mathrm{{}^{6}Li}$$

6

Li

, and H also make a delayed-coincidence detection for $${{\bar{\nu }}}_e$$

ν

¯

e

possible. The advantages of studying the upturn effect of solar neutrino oscillation, light sterile neutrinos, and Earth matter effect are investigated in detail. The sensitivities in discovering solar neutrino upturn and light sterile neutrinos are presented.
Underestimating the uncertainty of aggregated results: the case of W-Boson mass
Authors: Costello Fintan , Watts Paul
Published: September 2023

Estimates of uncertainty or variance in experimental means are central to physics. This is especially the case for ‘world averages’ of fundamental parameters in particle physics, which aggregate results from a number of experiments to express current knowledge about these parameters and where variances in these world averages reflect uncertainty in that knowledge. The standard aggregation method used in Particle Data Group reports to estimate such parameters is a form of fixed-effect meta-analysis. One problem with the fixed-effect approach is that it assumes no random variation between experiments (that is, no variation in experimental accuracy, which becomes increasingly important as experimental precision rises). This problem is well-known in the statistical literature, where the typical recommendation is to use random- rather than fixed-effect techniques. We illustrate this problem by applying random-effect meta-analysis to estimates of the W-Boson mass.
Monogamy properties of quantum correlations in neutrino oscillations
Authors: Wang Guang-Jie , Li Yu-Wen , Li Li-Juan , Song Xue-Ke , Wang Dong
Published: September 2023

The monogamy relation of quantum states has limited the shareability properties of quantum resources in multiparty quantum systems. It plays a vital role in information distribution and transformation over many sites in quantum communications. Here, we focus on the monogamy relations of quantum correlations in the context of three-flavor neutrino oscillations, related to the squared entanglement of formation, the squared of quantum discord and its geometric variant. The monogamy relations in terms of the squared entanglement of formation work for the electron and muon antineutrino oscillations, suggesting that the bipartite entanglement measured by squared entanglement of formation of the three-flavor neutrino system set a limitation to the sum of pairwise squared entanglement of formation. Furthermore, we found that the squared quantum discord is also monogamous in three-flavor neutrino system. As a comparison, we test the monogamy of the quantum discord in neutrino oscillations with the result that the quantum discord is not monogamous. In addition, it is found that the bipartite geometric quantum discord of three-flavor systems is equal to the sum of the pairwise geometric quantum discord, i.e., the monogamy relation for geometric quantum discord is saturated for three-flavor neutrino system. These monogamy relations of quantum correlations provide a way for studying the distribution of quantum resources in neutrino oscillations, which is of significance to explore the further applications of neutrino oscillations in quantum communications.
High energy bremsstrahlung at the FCC-ee, FCC-eh and LHeC
Authors: Piotrzkowski Krzysztof , Przybycien Mariusz
Published: September 2023

Bremsstrahlung spectra will be strongly distorted due to small lateral beam sizes at future colliders. That in turn will have large consequences for the electron and positron beam lifetimes as well as for the luminosity measurements in the case of electron-hadron colliders. We discuss in detail such consequences for the future circular collider and large hadron electron collider cases.
Magnetization in superconducting corrector magnets and impact on luminosity–calibration scans in the Large Hadron Collider
Authors: Chmielińska Agnieszka , Fiscarelli Lucio , Hostettler Michi , Kozanecki Witold , Russenschuck Stephan , Todesco Ezio
Published: September 2023

Superconducting accelerator magnets have a nonlinear dependence of field on current due to the magnetization associated with the iron or with persistent currents in the superconducting filaments. This also gives rise to hysteresis phenomena that create a dependence of the field on the powering history. Magnetization effects are of particular importance for luminosity–calibration scans in the Large Hadron Collider, during which a small number of Nb–Ti superconducting orbit correctors are excited at low field and with frequent flipping of the sign of the current ramp. This paper focuses on the analysis of special measurements carried out to estimate these nonlinear effects under the special cycling conditions used in these luminosity scans. For standard powering cycles, we evaluate the effect of the main magnetization loop; for complex operational schemes, magnetization-branch transitions occur that depend on the details of the current cycle. The modelling of these effects is not included in the magnetic field prediction software currently implemented in the LHC control system; here we present an approach to predict the transitions between the main magnetization branches. The final aim is to estimate the impact of magnetic hysteresis on the accuracy of luminosity-calibration scans.
Suppressing Retinal Remodeling to Mitigate Vision Loss in Photoreceptor Degenerative Disorders
Authors: Kramer Richard H.
Published: September 2023

Rod and cone photoreceptors degenerate in retinitis pigmentosa and age-related macular degeneration, robbing the visual system of light-triggered signals necessary for sight. However, changes in the retina do not stop with the photoreceptors. A stereotypical set of morphological and physiological changes, known as remodeling, occur in downstream retinal neurons. Some aspects of remodeling are homeostatic, with structural or functional changes compensating for partial loss of visual inputs. However, other aspects are nonhomeostatic, corrupting retinal information processing to obscure vision mediated naturally by surviving photoreceptors or artificially by vision-restoration technologies. In this review, I consider the mechanism of remodeling and its consequences for residual and restored visual function; discuss the role of retinoic acid, a critical molecular trigger of detrimental remodeling; and discuss strategies for suppressing retinoic acid biosynthesis or signaling as therapeutic possibilities for mitigating vision loss.
Development and Quality Assessment of Ready-to-Cook Mixed Dal Powder
Authors: Sayed K. M. Mahdiuzzaman , Akter Farzana , Islam Md. Ahmadul , Khaled B. M. , Aunsary Lopa , Iqbal Abdullah , Alim Md. Abdul
Published: September 2023

The pace of modern life of dwellers in big cities worldwide increases the demand for fast food or ready-to-cook meals. Dal curry is a common and popular meal item in Bangladesh, but its long cooking time needs to be reduced to satisfy consumer’s needs. So, this study is aimed at developing and analyzing ready-to-cook mixed dal powder. Samples were prepared with 100% lentil (control), 25% green gram with 75% lentil (S1), 25% black gram with 75% lentil (S2), and 50% of both dal in 1 : 1 ratio with 50% lentil (S3). Compared to mixed dal powder (8 minutes), the lentil dal powder took less cooking time (7.29 minutes). Mixed dal had no significant effect (

p
>
0.05

) on moisture, fat, and ash but affected on protein content. All mixed dal powder samples showed a higher protein content as well as amino acids such as alanine, aspartic acid, cysteine, glutamic acid, histidine, isoleucine, leucine, methionine, and tyrosine compared to the control. In contrast, the control showed the highest amount of arginine, glycine, lysine, proline, serine, and threonine. Control sample showed the highest loose bulk density (0.828 g/ml), tapped bulk density (0.905 g/ml), water absorption index (5.160 g/g), and water solubility index (24.410 g/100 g) than mixed samples. The color was influenced significantly by adding different pulses variety. The flowability of each sample was excellent, as Carr’s index (CI) and Hausner ratio (HR) for all samples were within 0-10% and 1.00-1.11, respectively. Although no significant differences were found, the sample with 50% lentil, 25% green gram, and 25% black gram secured the highest score in overall acceptability. Samples’ total viable count was assessed for up to 6 months, where the values were within the acceptable limit.
Epidemiology of Diabetic Ketoacidosis in the Waikato Region of New Zealand: 2000-2019
Authors: Chepulis Lynne , Papa Valentina , Lao Chunhuan , Wu Justina , Riguetto Cinthia Minatel , McClintock Joanna M. , Paul Ryan G.
Published: September 2023

Aims. Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is not well characterised in New Zealand. This study is aimed at characterising the change in epidemiology and severity of DKA from 2000 to 2019 at a tertiary hospital in the Waikato region of New Zealand. Methods. A retrospective clinical data review of all patients admitted to Waikato District Health Board hospitals with DKA was undertaken. Characteristics and severity of DKA were assessed by type of DKA admission (diagnosed at admission, nonrecurrent, and recurrent), ethnicity, social deprivation, intensive care unit (ICU) admission, and length of hospital stay, with linear regression reporting on changes over time. Results. There were 1254 admissions for DKA (564 individual patients), two-thirds being recurrent events. Nonrecurrent DKA patients were younger, whilst recurrent admissions for DKA were associated with T1D, female gender, greater socioeconomic deprivation, and rural living (all

P

values < 0.01). DKA admission increased 8-fold between 2000 and 2019, mostly due to an increased number of recurrent events, particularly in Māori and female patients (

P
<
0.001

). ICU admissions increased over time (

P
<
0.001

) whilst length of hospital stay trended down (

P
=
0.031

). Conclusions. The rise in recurrent DKA is concerning, particularly in youth and indigenous Māori. Healthcare inequities need to be addressed, including adequate access to mental health support to ensure optimal outcomes for all patients with diabetes.
Partial Purification, Characterization, and Application of Exopolysaccharides Produced by Lactobacillus plantarum NS1905E in Yogurt
Authors: Lei Wenping , Chen Qi , Liu Yan , Tang Xia , Luo Jie , Liu Chengguo , Zhou Hui
Published: September 2023

Exopolysaccharides (EPS) of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) has gained special interests in the dairy industry due to their health-promoting properties and contribution to the rheology of fermentation milk products. In the present study, an EPS designated as EPS-NS1905E was partially purified and characterized secreted from L. plantarum NS1905E. The EPS-NS1905E had an average molecular weight of 2.658 × 105 Da and was composed of glucose, arabinose, rhamnose, mannose, and galactose in an approximate molar ratio of 58.83 : 17.4 : 6.31 : 5.86 : 2.74. The FTIR spectroscopy showed the prevalence of carboxyl and hydroxyl groups. The EPS-NS1905E had a thermal stability and exhibited higher viscosity in the NaCl solution and low acidity conditions (pH 2–4). Furthermore, the EPS-NS1905E possessed strong scavenging abilities against DPPH radicals (96%). The addition of EPS-NS1905E in skim milk significantly shortened the fermentation time of yogurt, and the water-holding capacity (WHC) and viscosity of yogurt were improved during storage. The results indicated that the EPS-NS1905E has great potential for use as a food additive in the food industry.
Abstract PO-084: Deletion of macrophage migration inhibitory factor promotes antitumoral T cell infiltration and inhibits MDSC recruitment to the head and neck cancer microenvironment
Authors: Oghumu Steve
Published: September 2023

Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is a significant public health concern worldwide. Immunomodulatory targets in the HNSCC tumor microenvironment are crucial to enhance the efficacy of HNSCC immunotherapy. Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) is a pro-inflammatory cytokine that has been linked to worse prognosis in many cancers, but the mechanistic role of MIF in HNSCC remains unclear. Using a murine orthotopic oral cancer model in Mif+/+ or Mif− / − mice, we determined the function of host derived MIF in HNSCC tumor development, metastasis as well as localized and systemic tumor immune responses. We found that Mif− / − mice have decreased tumor growth and burden compared to their wild-type counterparts. Flow cytometric analysis of immune populations within the primary tumor site revealed increased T cell recruitment to the HNSCC tumor microenvironment, within the tumors of Mif− / − mice. MIF deletion also enhanced the effector function of anti-tumoral Th1 cells and decreased the accumulation of granulocytic MDSC in the tumor microenvironment. Furthermore, we show that isolated MDSC chemotactically respond to MIF in a dose dependent manner which is inhibited when MIF is depleted. Interestingly, MDSCs of tumor bearing Mif− / − mice expressed increased levels of PDL1 compared to Mif+/+ mice. However, Mif− / − and Mif+/+ MDSCs have comparable abilities to suppress T cell proliferation. Herein we describe a chemotactic and immunomodulatory role for MIF in the context of HNSCC. MIF targeted immunomodulation remains a potentially viable cancer therapeutic, however more remains to be understood about the cellular interaction of MIF within the tumor microenvironment before these targeted therapies can be effectively employed

Citation Format: Steve Oghumu. Deletion of macrophage migration inhibitory factor promotes antitumoral T cell infiltration and inhibits MDSC recruitment to the head and neck cancer microenvironment [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR-AHNS Head and Neck Cancer Conference: Innovating through Basic, Clinical, and Translational Research; 2023 Jul 7-8; Montreal, QC, Canada. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Clin Cancer Res 2023;29(18_Suppl):Abstract nr PO-084.
Rabbis as Nomikoi? Questioning a New Paradigm: A Response to Yair Furstenberg
Authors: Rosen-Zvi Ishay
Published: September 2023

In recent years, a new generation of Talmud scholars rediscovered Roman law as a valuable comparative tool. In addition to localized comparisons, several broad syntheses have been offered by scholars regarding Roman law and rabbinic halakhic thinking. In his article in this issue, “The Rabbinic Movement from Pharisees to Provincial Jurists” (doi: 10.1163/15700631-bja10070), Yair Furstenberg offers to explain the rise of the field of civil law in later Tannaitic literature as part of the rise of the local jurist in the eastern provinces. I seize the opportunity of Furstenberg’s novel thesis to rethink recent trends of comparing Tannaitic halakhah and Roman law and their limitations.