bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Roxithromycin and rhEGF Co-loaded Reactive Oxygen Species Responsive
Nanoparticles for Accelerating Wound Healing
Authors: Ding Jun , Chen Dan , Hu Jun , Zhang Dinglin , Gou Yajun , Wu Yaguang
Published: May 2023

Background:

Bacterial infection can delay wound healing and is therefore a major threat to
public health. Although various strategies have been developed to treat bacterial infections, antibiotics
remain the best option to combat infections. The inclusion of growth factors in the treatment approach
can also accelerate wound healing. The co-delivery of antibiotics and growth factors for the combined
treatment of wounds needs further investigation.

Objective:

Here we aimed to develop antibiotic and growth factor co-loaded nanoparticles (NPs) to treat
Staphylococcus aureus-infected wounds.

Methods:

By using our previously prepared reactive oxygen species-responsive material (Oxi-αCD),
roxithromycin (ROX)-loaded NPs (ROX/Oxi-αCD NPs) and recombinant human epidermal growth
factor (rhEGF)/ROX co-loaded NPs (rhEGF/ROX/Oxi-αCD NPs) were successfully fabricated. The in
vivo efficacy of this prepared nanomedicine was evaluated in mice with S. aureus-infected wounds.

Results:

ROX/Oxi-αCD NPs and rhEGF/ROX/Oxi-αCD NPs had a spherical structure and their particle
sizes were 164 ± 5 nm and 190 ± 8 nm, respectively. The in vitro antibacterial experiments showed that
ROX/Oxi-αCD NPs had a lower minimum inhibitory concentration than ROX. The in vivo animal experiments
demonstrated that rhEGF/ROX/Oxi-αCD NPs could significantly accelerate the healing of S.
aureus-infected wounds as compared to the free ROX drug and ROX/Oxi-αCD NPs (P < 0.05).

Conclusion:

ROX and rhEGF co-loaded NPs can effectively eliminate bacteria in wounds and accelerate
wound healing. Our present work could provide a new strategy to combat bacteria-infected wounds.
The Role of LMP1 in Epstein-Barr Virus-associated Gastric Cancer
Authors: Huang Xinqi , Zhang Meilan , Zhang Zhiwei
Published: May 2023

EBV promotes many cancers such as lymphoma, nasopharyngeal carcinoma, and gastric;
Latent Membrane Protein 1 (LMP1) is considered to be a major oncogenic protein encoded by Epstein–
Barr virus (EBV). LMP1 functions as a carcinogen in lymphoma and nasopharyngeal carcinoma,
and LMP1 may also promote gastric cancer. The expression level of LMP1 in host cells is a key
determinant in tumorigenesis and maintenance of virus specificity. By promoting cell immortalization
and cell transformation, promoting cell proliferation, affecting immunity, and regulating cell apoptosis,
LMP1 plays a crucial tumorigenic role in epithelial cancers. However, very little is currently
known about LMP1 in Epstein-Barr virus-associated gastric cancer (EBVaGC); the main reason is
that the expression level of LMP1 in EBVaGC is comparatively lower than other EBV-encoded proteins,
such as The Latent Membrane Protein 2A (LMP2A), Epstein-Barr nuclear antigen 1 (EBNA1)
and BamHI-A rightward frame 1 (BARF1), to date, there are few studies related to LMP1 in EBVaGC.
Recent studies have demonstrated that LMP1 promotes EBVaGC by affecting The phosphatidylinositol
3-kinase- Akt (PI3K-Akt), Nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB), and other signaling pathways
to regulate many downstream targets such as Forkhead box class O (FOXO), C-X-C-motif chemokine
receptor (CXCR), COX-2 (Cyclooxygenase-2); moreover, the gene methylation induced by LMP1 in
EBVaGC has become one of the characteristics that distinguish this gastric cancer (GC) from other
types of gastric cancer and LMP1 also promotes the formation of the tumor microenvironment (TME)
of EBVaGC in several ways. This review synthesizes previous relevant literature, aiming to highlight
the latest findings on the mechanism of action of LMP1 in EBVaGC, summarize the function of
LMP1 in EBVaGC, lay the theoretical foundation for subsequent new research on LMP1 in EBVaGC,
and contribute to the development of novel LMP1-targeted drugs.
Insight into Tumor Hypoxia: Radionuclide-based Biomarker as Diagnostic Tools
Authors: Saxena Priya , Gambhir Sanjay , Dixit Manish
Published: May 2023

The radiolabeled tracers have been extensively utilized to access various physiological
and pathological conditions non-invasively, such as cancers, inflammation, and organ-specific
imaging. These tracers demonstrate and study tumor hypoxia in several malignancies. Hypoxia is
commonly seen in solid tumors. Tumor Hypoxia is a non-physiological condition of reduced
oxygen concentration in the tumor. Hypoxia is associated with adverse outcomes such as treatment
resistance and metastases in solid tumors. Tumor hypoxia may result in resistance to radiation
therapy and chemotherapy, leading to a poor prognosis. It is one of the clinically paramount factors
in treatment planning. Various chemical scaffolds are labeled with compatible radioisotopes for imaging
hypoxia by Single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) and Positron emission
tomography (PET). Radionuclides, such as [18F]Flourine, [99mTc]Technetium, [131I]Iodine, [124I]
Iodine, and [64Cu]Copper are used for incorporation into different chemical scaffolds.Among them,
[18F]Flourine and [64Cu]Copper tagged radiopharmaceuticals are most explored, such as
[18F]FMISO, [18F]FAZA, [18F]FETNIM, and N4-methyl thiosemicarbazone [64Cu][Cu (ATSM)].
Some of the promising scaffolds for imaging hypoxia are [18F]EF1, [18F]EF5, [18F]EF3, and
[18F]HX4.

:

This review is focused on developing radiochemistry routes to synthesize different radiopharmaceuticals
for imaging hypoxia in clinical and preclinical studies, as described in the literature. The
chemist and radiochemist exerted enormous efforts to overcome these obstacles. They have
successfully formulated multiple radiopharmaceuticals for hypoxia imaging. Radionuclide
incorporation in high selectivity and efficiency (radiochemical yield, specific activity, purity, and
radio-scalability) is a need for application perspective. Versatile chemistry, including nucleophilic
and electrophilic substitutions, allows the direct or indirect introduction of radioisotopes into
molecules of interest. This review will discuss the chemical routes for synthesizing and utilizing different
precursors for radiolabeling with radionuclides.We will briefly summaries these radio-labeled
tracers' application and biological significance.
Synthesis, ADME, Molecular Docking and Biological Evaluation of New
2-Aminobenzothiazloes
Authors: Agarwal Uma , Tonk Rajiv K. , Sharma Kalicharan , Bhutani Rubina , Verma Saroj
Published: May 2023

Background:

In recent years, 2-aminobenzothiazoles were reported as antibacterial, antihelmintic,
antitumor, antimalarial, antiviral, analgesic and anti-inflammatory agents.

Objectives:

The study aimed to explore new potential 2-aminobenzothiazoles as antibacterial and
anthelmintic agents.

Methods:

A favorable two-step method was used for the synthesis of new 2-aminobenzothiazole
derivatives (4a-4j) by Schiff base. All synthesized compounds were tested for antibacterial activity
using an in vitro cup-plate method and antihelmintic activity by recording in vitro earthworm paralysis
and death time. Pharmacokinetics in silico studies were performed to predict the drug performance
in the body using the Molinspiration kit. The molecular docking was performed to check the
catalytic binding site between the dihydrofolate reductase and synthesized compounds (4a-4j).

Results:

The compound 4d emerged as the most effective vermifuge and vermicide among all tested
compounds. The compounds 4c, 4f, 4g, 4i and 4j were examined as highly potent against grampositive
bacteria. The compounds 4b, 4h, and 4i showed maximum inhibition against gramnegative
bacteria. In support of antibacterial activity, the compounds 4c and 4j showed good binding
orientation in the catalytic binding pocket of the DHFR receptor (PDB ID: 4LAE). These synthesized
compounds could have evolved to shape orally active compounds shown in pharmacokinetics
in silico studies.

Conclusions:

The research outcomes showed that explored 2-aminobenzothiazoles have good antibacterial
and anthelmintic activity.
Mathematical Modelling and Bioinformatics Analyses of Drug Resistance
for Cancer Treatment
Authors: Li Lingling , Zhao Ting , Hu Yulu , Ren Shanjing , Tian Tianhai
Published: May 2023

Cancer is a leading cause of human death worldwide. Drug resistance, mainly caused by gene
mutation, is a key obstacle to tumour treatment. Therefore, studying the mechanisms of drug resistance
in cancer is extremely valuable for clinical applications.

:

This paper aims to review bioinformatics approaches and mathematical models for determining the evolutionary
mechanisms of drug resistance and investigating their functions in designing therapy schemes
for cancer diseases. We focus on the models with drug resistance based on genetic mutations for cancer
therapy and bioinformatics approaches to study drug resistance involving gene co-expression networks
and machine learning algorithms.

:

We first review mathematical models with single-drug resistance and multidrug resistance. The resistance
probability of a drug is different from the order of drug administration in a multidrug resistance
model. Then, we discuss bioinformatics methods and machine learning algorithms that are designed to
develop gene co-expression networks and explore the functions of gene mutations in drug resistance using
multi-omics datasets of cancer cells, which can be used to predict individual drug response and
prognostic biomarkers.

:

It was found that the resistance probability and expected number of drug-resistant tumour cells increase
with the increase in the net reproductive rate of resistant tumour cells. Constrained models, such as logistical
growth resistance models, can be used to identify more clinically realistic treatment strategies
for cancer therapy. In addition, bioinformatics methods and machine learning algorithms can also lead
to the development of effective therapy schemes.
Neural Stem Cell-based Regenerative Therapy: A New Approach to Diabetes
Treatment
Authors: Sharma Kajal , Puranik Nidhi , Yadav Dhananjay
Published: May 2023

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is the most common metabolic disorder that occurs due to the loss, or impaired function of insulin‐secreting pancreatic beta cells, which are of two types - type 1 (T1D) and type 2 (T2D). To cure DM, the replacement of the destroyed pancreatic beta cells of islet of Langerhans is the most widely practiced treatment. For this, isolating neuronal stem cells and cultivating them as a source of renewable beta cells is a significant breakthrough in medicine. The functions, growth, and gene expression of insulin-producing pancreatic beta cells and neurons are very similar in many ways. A diabetic patient's neural stem cells (obtained from the hippocampus and olfactory bulb) can be used as a replacement source of beta cells for regenerative therapy to treat diabetes. The same protocol used to create functional neurons from progenitor cells can be used to create beta cells. Recent research suggests that replacing lost pancreatic beta cells with au-tologous transplantation of insulin-producing neural progenitor cells may be a perfect therapeutic strategy for diabetes, allowing for a safe and normal restoration of function and a reduction in po-tential risks and a long-term cure.
Willingness to Pay for Autonomous Vehicles before and after Crashes: A Demographic Analysis for US Residents
Authors: Othman Kareem
Published: May 2023

Background:

It is anticipated that autonomous vehicles (AVs) can achieve many benefits, such as improving traffic safety and increasing mobility of people with limited modes of transportation. However, the public attitude remains the controlling factor determining the degree to which AVs can achieve these benefits. While it is expected that the public acceptance of AVs would increase over time due to the increase in the level of awareness and knowledge about this new technology, previous surveys show that people become more pessimistic towards AVs over time. While this pattern has never been investigated, some studies link this negative shift in the attitude to AVs accidents.

Objective:

This study focuses exclusively on understanding the impact of AV crashes on the willingness to pay extra to buy an AV for people from the US. In addition, the analysis focuses on evaluating changes in the willingness to pay for AVs before and after crashes for people with different demographics in order to understand how the different groups react to these accidents.

Methods:

A questionnaire survey was designed and conducted between February and September of 2022 and a total of 2,144 responses were received and analyzed to understand the impact of these crashes on respondents with different demographic properties (age, gender, household income, educational level, prior knowledge about AVs, and prior knowledge about AV crashes). In addition, hypothesis testing was utilized in order to evaluate whether the changes in the willingness to pay extra for AVs after introducing the accidents are significantly different from the willingness to pay for AVs before introducing the accidents.

Results:

The results show that the willingness to pay extra to buy an AV decreased by 29% after the crashes were introduced to the respondents, while the decline in the willingness to pay extras varies across the different demographic groups investigated.

Conclusion:

The results show the significant negative impact of AV crashes on the public attitude as the average willingness to pay extra for AVs decreased from 8,412 USD before the crashes to 6,007 USD after the crashes. In addition, the results show that the decrease in the willingness to pay for AVs is statistically significant for different demographic groups.
Nagarmotha: A Useful Medicinal Plant and its Synergistic Ophthalmic
Formulations
Authors: Zubair Ashfa , Akhtar Juber , Pooja  , Badruddeen  , Khan Mohammad Irfan , Ahmad Mohammad
Published: May 2023

The basic objective of this review is to furnish extensive confirmation on the bioactive
chemical compounds and pharmacological aspects of Nagarmotha, i.e., Cyperus scariosus of the family
Cyperaceae and some others plants used to treat various diseases of eyes as mentioned in Ayurveda,
Charaka Samhita, and Sushrut Samhita. Nagarmotha showed an extensive ethnomedicinal record and
constituted a phytonutrient pool of heuristic medicinal value. Various observations on pharmacological
affirmation have illustrated the potential of plants as antioxidant, hypotensive, stimulant of the central
nervous system, hepatoprotective, antidiabetic, analgesic, ophthalmic, anti-inflammatory, astringent,
and antimicrobial actions which aid its conventional benefits. Nagarmotha remained to be an important
part of various prescriptions used in nearly all indigenous systems of medicines to cure a variety
of ailments. Various investigations on bioactive chemical compounds revealed that Cyperus scariosus
has countless essential components like essential oils, terpenoids, sesquiterpenes, hydrocarbons,
steroidal saponins, ketones, cyperene, cyperol, cyprotene, flavonoids, and various polyphenolic compounds.
In the present work, more emphasis is on the bioactive chemical compounds, enlistment of bioactive
chemical compounds responsible for therapeutic values, conventional benefits, and their detailed
reported pharmacological properties. Some of the available marketed ayurvedic preparations
were also mentioned in this review. Overall, researchers may get assisted and synchronized for impending
potency, profitability, and effectiveness of Nagarmotha especially, and other medicinal plants
generally. The demand for herbal products is expanding immensely all around the world and several
biopharmaceutical regions are nowadays managing substantial research on herbal materials for their
promising medicative value. Further curative usefulness of various phytochemicals obtained from
Cyperus scariosus may be validated and corroborated.
BER Performance of Co-operative Relay NOMA-assisted PS Protocol with
Imperfect SIC and CSI
Authors: Khennoufa Faical , Abdellatif Khelil
Published: May 2023

Objective:

Wireless networks and devices are consuming a significant amount of energy as
wireless communication is rapidly expanding, radio frequency (RF) energy harvesting has been envisioned
as a feasible technology for powering low-power wireless systems.

Aims:

This paper investigates a bit error rate (BER) of the non-orthogonal multiple access with cooperative
relay-assisted power splitting (CR-NOMA-PS) based energy harvesting (EH).

Methods:

We consider that the relay works in the decode and forward (DF) mode. For more practical
scenarios, we consider the imperfect successive interference cancellation (SIC) and channel state information
(CSI) are available.

Results:

We obtain the end-to-end (e2e) BER expressions for the CR-NOMA-PS with imperfect CSI.
Under different scenarios of PS, we evaluate and discuss the BER performance of the users with imperfect
SIC and CSI. We validate the derivation of the BER expressions by simulation results.

Conclusion:

The results indicated that the high values of the PS factor reduce the users' performance.
Furthermore, in the high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), the CSI error degrade BER performance and
produced an error floor.
Internet of Medical Things & Machine Intelligence
Authors: Ullah Khan Inam , Ouaissa Mariya , Ouaissa Mariyam , El Himer Sarah
Published: May 2023

Recently, the internet of medical things has been the widely utilized
approach to interconnect various machines. While, IoT in combination with machine
intelligence, has given new directions to the healthcare industry. Machine intelligence
techniques can be used to promote healthcare solutions. The merger of IoT in medical
things is a completely advanced approach. The intelligent behavior of machines
provides accurate decisions, which greatly helps medical practitioners. For real-time
analysis, artificial intelligence improves accuracy in different medicinal techniques.
The use of telemedicine has increased so much due to COVID-19. Gathering
unstructured data where the concept of electronic databases should be used in the
health care industry for advancement. Big data and cyber security play an important
role in IoMT. An intrusion detection system is used to identify cyber-attacks which
helps to safeguard the entire network. This article provides a detailed overview of the
internet of medical things using machine intelligence applications, future opportunities,
and challenges. Also, some of the open research problems are highlighted, which gives
insight into information about the internet of medical things. Different applications are
discussed related to IoMT to improve communication standards. Apart from that, the
use of unmanned aerial vehicles is increased, which are mostly utilized in rescuing and
sending medical equipment from one place to another.
A Review of Machine Learning Approaches for Identification of Health-Related Diseases
Authors: Yaseen Ayub Muhammad , Ali Khan Farman , Nain Zukhraf Syeda Zillay , Hamza Akhlaq Muhammad
Published: May 2023

The field of medicine is one of the most respected and oldest professions in
human history. It has a direct impact on human life. The main purpose of this chapter is
to present a brief introduction to the use of advanced computer science technologies
like machine learning in the process of disease detection. The chapter also discusses
different machine learning algorithms which are used in the process of disease
detection. It also points out which algorithms give better accuracy. This chapter lists all
major and most commonly used machine learning libraries to detect various life threatening diseases. Lastly, a discussion on the future trends of technology which can
be used in disease detection, and viral disease control is presented.
A Comprehensive Case Study Based On The Diversified Impacts Of COVID-19 On Children’s Lives, Education And Overall Development
Authors: Ali Faiza , Shahab Angila , Sharma Jagrati
Published: May 2023

The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on children is a developing worry.
The United Nations and its agencies (the World Health Organization and UNICEF), the
Indian Association for Child and Adolescent Mental Health, and India's National
Institute of Mental Health and Neuroscience all warn of the pandemic's broader effects
on children and call for immediate action to help children around the world. The
pandemic had an impact on children's physical, mental, social, and psychological well being in every way. The vulnerable group of children was severely deprived of
nutrition and protection, and the pandemic's protracted stress-triggered mental health,
which requires prompt intervention. Children who dropped out of school, particularly
in rural regions, were at a higher risk of child marriage, child labour, and teen
pregnancies. Based on the research, the current chapter highlights the influence of
COVID-19 on the lives, education, and general development of children aged 4 to 17,
in India. The authors were able to examine the pandemic's effects on children's lives
using the snowball sampling approach in conjunction with peer-reviewed research,
reports, and government publications published between January 2020 and November
2021. The findings revealed a negative trend in temperamental qualities such as
sadness (82.5%) & nervosity (73.5%) that accelerated during the pandemic compared
to pre-pandemic years. Also, children faced difficulties in receiving online education
(53.6%). The chapter also highlighted the vulnerability of certain groups of children
and presented numerous examples and recommendations that should be implemented
as quickly as possible to mitigate the pandemic's negative impacts on children. 
Probiotics Based Anticancer Immunity in Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Shankar Giri Prashant , Kumar Dwivedi Mitesh
Published: May 2023

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer, originating in the
colon and rectal region, leading to abnormal growth in the colon or rectal region. The
gut microbiota plays a critical role in the maintenance of gut homeostasis, and
dysbiosis in the gut microbiota has been associated with CRC pathogenesis. Probiotics
can manipulate the gut microbiota, which can be effective in CRC treatment.
Additionally, probiotics, through the modulation of host immune response, inhibition
of tumor growth, reduction of microbial infection, inhibition of cancerogenic
compounds, and regulation of apoptosis, can become a novel therapeutic option for the
prevention and treatment of CRC. Therefore, this chapter mainly focuses on the
mechanisms of probiotics-based anticancer immunity in CRC, so the existing
knowledge could help in developing a safe and effective treatment for CRC.
RESPONS PERTUMBUHAN DAN HASIL DUA GENOTIPE TOMAT BEEF PADA JENIS DAN KONSENTRASI ZPT BERBEDA
Authors: Ferdiyansyah Wahyu , Mubarok Syariful , Wicaksana Noladhi , Kusumiyati Kusumiyati
Published: May 2023

Pada penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh berbagai jenis dan konsentrasi zat pengatur tumbuh (ZPT) terhadap pertumbuhan dan hasil dua kultivar tomat beef. Penanaman di Laboratorium Kultur Terkendali, Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Padjadjaran dengan ketinggian ± 782 meter di atas permukaan laut (mdpl). Benih tomat yang digunakan yaitu kultivar ‘Valoasis’, dan kultivar ‘Momotaro’ sedangkan zat pengatur tumbuh (ZPT) yang digunakan yaitu giberelin (GA3), dan auksin (IAA). Pengamatan yang dilakukan terdiri atas tinggi tanaman, jumlah daun, jumlah bunga per tanaman, dan jumlah buah per tanaman. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa Momotaro + Giberelin 20 ppm + Auksin 20 ppm dan Valoasis + Kontrol memperoleh hasil terbaik pada pertumbuhan dan hasil dua genotipe tomat beef pada jenis dan konsentrasi ZPT berbeda.
Селективная лазерная спектроскопия примесных центров ионов Ho-=SUP=-3+-=/SUP=- в кристалле SrY-=SUB=-2-=/SUB=-O-=SUB=-4-=/SUB=-
Authors: Никитин С.И. , Куташова Е.М. , Юсупов Р.В. , Батулин Р.Г. , Киямов А.Г. , Мумджи И.Э. , Малкин Б.З.
Published: May 2023

Detailed studies of emission and excitation spectra of impurity Ho3+ centers in the SrY2O4 single crystal performed by means of the site-selective laser spectroscopy are reported. The energy levels patterns for the 5I8, 5I7, 5I6, 5S2 and 5F4 multiplets of Ho3+ ions which substitute for the Y3+ ions at the two structurally nonequivalent sites Y1 and Y2 with the local Cs symmetry are constructed by making use of the measured spectra. These energy schemes are well described in the framework of the crystal field theory, the sets of 15 crystal field parameters are determined for Ho3+ ions at both Y1 and Y2 sites. The calculated parameters of the EPR spectra agree with the earlier published experimental data.
Спектроскопия f-=SUP=-13-=/SUP=--лантаноидов во фторидных кристаллах
Authors: Раджабов Е. , Шендрик Р. , Панкратов В.
Published: May 2023

The absorption and luminescence spectra of 4f-4f transitions of Yb3+ ions in crystals of CaF2, SrF2, and BaF2 fluorides have been studied.
The crystal splitting of the 2F7/2, 2F5/2 levels in Tm2+, Yb3+ by the cubic field decreases linearly with increasing lattice constant. Both lines intersect at the energy of 2F7/2 - 2F5/2 transitions in unperturbed Tm2+, Yb3+ ions.
The positions of the f13 levels of Tm2+ or Yb3+ in fluoride crystals are well described by ab-initio relativistic calculations
Нестандартные квазиаддитивные интегралы движения и зависимость фононных заселенностей от давления
Authors: Джепаров Ф.С.
Published: May 2023

The existing equilibrium statistical physics is based on application of standard quasiadditive integrals of motion, which include energy, momentum, rotation momentum, and number of particles. It is shown that this list is far from complete and that any quasiadditive dynamic variable can be mapped to corresponding quasiadditive integral of motion. As a result an ensemble with a given external pressure is constructed. It provides the first example of the distribution in which phonon populations depend on pressure differently than in the canonical Gibbs ensemble. Obtained results indicate the need to continue the studies of phonon populations based on Raman scattering, which were fulfilled earlier in LFTI and initiated this work.
Теоретическое исследование магнитно-резонансных спектров псевдоперовскитных фрустрированных манганитов
Authors: Гончарь Л.Э.
Published: May 2023

The magnetic resonance spectra of frustrated manganite compounds La1/3Ca2/3MnO3 and BiMnO3 are calculated within the framework of orbitally dependent magnetic interactions model. The aim of the paper is an investigation of orbital structure influence and superexchange interactions’ competition effects on ferromagnetic or antiferromagnetic resonance spectra of these compounds. The description of the features of the resonance lower branches’ dependencies on the magnitude and direction of the magnetic field is proposed. It is shown that the main influence on the symmetry of dependencies is exerted by single-ion anisotropy of the Mn3+ ion, associated not only with the orbital structure, but also with the tilting distortions of oxygen octahedrons around the ions
Проявление локальных колебаний в спектрах фотолюминесценции ZnO : Fe-=SUP=-3+-=/SUP=-
Authors: Соколов В.И. , Груздев Н.Б. , Меньшенин В.В. , Киряков А.Н. , Зацепин А.Ф. , Важенин В.А. , Емельченко Г.А.
Published: May 2023

In this paper photoluminescense spectra and EPR-signals of ZnO single crystals, doped with manganese and containing (from EPR data) uncontrolled impurity of iron, were investigated. At the temperature of 4.5 K in photoluminescense spectrum the band in energy interval of 1.55-1.8 eV (12493 – 14508 cm-1) was observed. This band contains some intensive lines; these lines are caused by Fe3+ ions (d5-configuration). The first and most intensive line at the energy of 1.79 eV corresponds to irradiative transition 4T1 (G) → 6A1 (S) in Fe3+ ions. The other peaks are electronic-vibrational structure. This structure may be caused by force interaction in deformed Fe3+ - 4O2- - cluster.
Observed Interactions, Challenges, and Opportunities in Student-Led, Web-Based Near-Peer Teaching for Medical Students: Interview Study Among Peer Learners and Peer Teachers
Authors: Chan Evelyn Hui Yi , Chan Vernice Hui Yan , Roed Jannie , Chen Julie Yun
Published: May 2023

Background

Near-peer teaching (NPT) is becoming an increasingly popular pedagogical tool in health professions education. Despite the shift in formal medical education from face-to-face teaching toward encompassing web-based learning activities, NPT has not experienced a similar transition. Apart from the few reports on NPT programs hastily converted to web-based learning in light of the COVID-19 pandemic, no studies to date have explored web-based learning in the specific context of NPT.

Objective

This qualitative study examined the nature of interactions among peer learners (PLs), peer teachers (PTs), and the learning content in a student-led, web-based NPT program for medical students.

Methods

A 5-month-long voluntary NPT program to support first- and second-year medical students’ biomedical science learning in the undergraduate medical curriculum was designed by 2 senior-year medical students and delivered by 25 PTs with 84 PLs participating. In total, 9 PLs and 3 PTs underwent individual semistructured interviews at the end of the program to explore general NPT experience, reasons for joining NPT, the effectiveness of NPT, the demand and importance of NPT, and the feasibility of incorporating NPT in the formal curriculum. Interview transcripts were analyzed using a thematic analysis approach.

Results

The first general theme focused on the nature of student-student, student-teacher, and student-content interactions. Although PLs were engaged in web-based NPT, there was minimal interaction between students, as most PLs preferred to learn passively and remain anonymous. PLs believed the web-based NPT learning process to be a unidirectional transmission of knowledge from teacher to learner, with the teacher responsible for driving the interactions. This was in sharp contrast to PTs’ expectation that both parties shared responsibility for learning in a collaborative effort. The second general theme identified the advantages and disadvantages of delivering NPT on a web platform, which were mainly convenience and teaching skills development and poor interactivity, respectively.

Conclusions

Student-led, web-based NPT offers a flexible and comfortable means of delivering academic and nonacademic guidance to medical students. However, the web-based mode of delivery presents unique challenges in facilitating meaningful interactions among PLs, PTs, and subject content. A blended learning approach may be best suited for this form of student-led NPT program to optimize its efficacy.
The Effect of Catgut Embedding at Acupoints Versus Nonacupoints in Abdominal Obesity: Protocol for a Multicenter, Double-Blind, 16-Week Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Li Qifu , Huang Gaoyangzi , Pei Xianmei , Tang Xin , Zhang Renrui , Huang Ya , Liu Zili , Yi Rong , Xing Chonghui , Zhang Xinghe , Guo Taipin
Published: May 2023

Background

Obesity is an increasing problem worldwide. The effective treatments for obesity mainly include diet, physical activity, behavioral intervention, pharmacotherapy, and bariatric surgery, which all have certain limitations. As a specific type of acupuncture therapy, acupoint catgut embedding (ACE) has gained substantial attention in the management of obesity in recent years. Previous studies suggested that ACE may be an effective obesity treatment. However, the evidence for the efficacy of ACE in abdominal obesity (AO) remains inadequate due to the paucity of high-quality studies.

Objective

This study aims to investigate the difference in the effectiveness of catgut embedding at acupoints and catgut embedding at nonacupoints in patients with AO and to further validate the efficacy and safety of ACE for AO.

Methods

This is a multicenter, double-blind, 16-week randomized controlled trial. A total of 92 eligible participants with AO will be randomly divided into 2 groups (1:1 allocation ratio). The ACE group will receive catgut embedding at acupoints and the control group will receive catgut embedding at nonacupoints. The intervention will be performed every 2 weeks for a total of 6 sessions. Follow-up will be performed every 2 weeks for a total of 2 visits. The primary outcome is waist circumference. Secondary outcomes include body weight, BMI, hip circumference, and the visual analog scale of appetite. Upon the completion of the trial, we will evaluate the effect of catgut embedding at acupoints or nonacupoints on obesity indicators in patients with AO. For treatment outcomes, an intention-to-treat analysis will be performed.

Results

The start of recruitment began in August 2019 and is expected to end in September 2023.

Conclusions

Although studies have been conducted to demonstrate the effectiveness of ACE in the treatment of obesity, the evidence for the efficacy of ACE in AO remains insufficient due to the quality of the studies. This rigorous normative randomized controlled trial will verify the effect of catgut embedding at acupoints or nonacupoints in patients with AO. The findings will provide credible evidence as to whether ACE is an effective and safe treatment for AO.

Trial Registration

Chinese Clinical Trial Registry ChiCTR1800016947; https://tinyurl.com/2p82257p

International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)

DERR1-10.2196/46863
Sodium Intake Estimation in Hospital Patients Using AI-Based Imaging: Prospective Pilot Study (Preprint)
Authors: Ryu Jiwon , Kim Sejoong , Lim Yejee , Ohn Jung Hun , Kim Sun-wook , Cho Jae Ho , Park Hee Sun , Lee Jongchan , Kim Eun Sun , Kim Nak-Hyun , Song Ji Eun , Kim Su Hwan , Suh Eui-Chang , Mukhtorov Doniyorjon , Park Jung Hyun , Kim Sung Kweon , Kim Hye Won
Published: May 2023

BACKGROUND

Measurement of sodium intake in hospitalized patients is critical for their care. In this study, artificial intelligence (AI)–based imaging was performed to determine sodium intake in these patients.

OBJECTIVE

The applicability of a diet management system was evaluated using AI-based imaging to assess the sodium content of diets prescribed for hospitalized patients.

METHODS

Based on the information on the already investigated nutrients and quantity of food, consumed sodium was analyzed through photographs obtained before and after a meal. We used a hybrid model that first leveraged the capabilities of the You Only Look Once, version 4 (YOLOv4) architecture for the detection of food and dish areas in images. Following this initial detection, 2 distinct approaches were adopted for further classification: a custom ResNet-101 model and a hyperspectral imaging-based technique. These methodologies focused on accurate classification and estimation of the food quantity and sodium amount, respectively.
The 24-hour urine sodium (UNa) value was measured as a reference for evaluating the sodium intake.

RESULTS

Results were analyzed using complete data from 25 participants out of the total 54 enrolled individuals. The median sodium intake calculated by the AI algorithm (AI-Na) was determined to be 2022.7 mg per day/person (adjusted by administered fluids). A significant correlation was observed between AI-Na and 24-hour UNa, while there was a notable disparity between them. A regression analysis, considering patient characteristics (eg, gender, age, renal function, the use of diuretics, and administered fluids) yielded a formula accounting for the interaction between AI-Na and 24-hour UNa. Consequently, it was concluded that AI-Na holds clinical significance in estimating salt intake for hospitalized patients using images without the need for 24-hour UNa measurements. The degree of correlation between AI-Na and 24-hour UNa was found to vary depending on the use of diuretics.

CONCLUSIONS

This study highlights the potential of AI-based imaging for determining sodium intake in hospitalized patients.
Revisiting Financial Volatility in the Indonesian Islamic Stock Market: GARCH – MIDAS Approach
Authors: Danila Nevi
Published: May 2023

Introduction/main objectives: The aim of this research is to study the impact of macroeconomic variables on the Indonesian Islamic stock market’s volatility. Background issues: To predict the stock market’s volatility, daily or high-frequency data has been applied to the model’s explanatory variables with the same data frequency. However, when it comes to the macroeconomic variables as volatility drivers, the data is low-frequency, such as weekly, monthly, or quarterly. The current study uses a model which treats the data equally. Novelty: This study employs the mixed data sampling (MIDAS) model, which allows data from multiple frequencies to be included in the same model. This model can combine daily stock returns’ data with monthly or quarterly macro­economic data. Hence, this is the first paper to study the determinants of the volatility of Indonesia's Islamic stock index using GARCH-MIDAS. Research Methods: The Generalized Autoregressive Conditional Heteroscedasticity GARCH-MIDAS model captures the short-run from the long-term element of volatility; the findings show the asymmetry effect for the short-term element’s result. Finding/Results: Inflation does not influence long-term market volatility. Moreover, after the 2008 crisis, the study shows that inflation and short-term interest rates positively influenced market volatility. Conclusion: The positive effect of inflation suggests that stocks can function as inflation hedges for stock investors in the long run. Further, the positive impact of interest rates implies that Muslim investors use the conventional short-term interest rates as a benchmark for investment in Shari’ah-compliant instruments.
The Effect of Foreign Debt, Liquidity, Firm Size, and Exchange Rate on Hedging Decision
Authors: Yudha Jovi Ostana Mangara , Oktavia Reni , Desriani Neny
Published: May 2023

Introduction/Main Objectives: This research aims to analyze the effect of internal factors, especially foreign debt, liquidity, and firm size, and also external factors, especially the exchange rate, on hedging decisions, with profitability as the control variable. Background Problems: Exchange rates are always affected by uncertainty. To ensure a company does not suffer losses, it will implement risk management, such as hedging. This is in accordance with the recommendation of the Ministry of SOEs to undertake hedging in the context of risk management. But in reality, not all state-owned enterprises do this. Novelty: This research adds profitability as a control variable, because this research does not involve the profit of the company, and focuses on how the company minimizes the risk of potential losses. Research Methods: The research used quantitative data, which is secondary data taken from the annual financial reports of state-owned enterprises listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange for the 2016 to 2020 period that are accessed through the website www.idx.co.id and the annual reports of state-owned enterprises that are accessed through their official websites. Data analysis techniques that were used are descriptive statistics test, multicollinearity test, and logistic regression test. Finding/Results: The results show a significant effect from foreign debt and firm size on the hedging decisions of state-owned enterprises in Indonesia, while liquidity and the exchange rate did not show a significant effect on the hedging decisions of state-owned enterprises in Indonesia. Conclusion: This research shows that state-owned enterprises in Indonesia focus more on their foreign debt and firm size, than their liquidity or the exchange rate,in their decision to hedge.
Amrita Pritam’s ‘Pinjar’: A Poignant Depiction of Wrath of Partition on Weaker Sex
Authors: Darkhasha Dr. , Kumar Dilkesh
Published: May 2023

In 1947, a ghastly incident occurred in the Indian Sub-continent known as Partition of India under which two new countries India and Pakistan came into existence. And for these countries the incident proved to be the most atrocious and catastrophic incident in human history due to the occurrence of incessant robbery, kidnapping, rape and murder. Since then, Partition of India has been the most gruesome and ugly past of Indian history which puts the nation to shame whenever remembered or discussed. The partition and the associated bloody riots compelled many creative minds to create literary pieces capturing the inhuman acts of murder and brutal slaughter on both sides. The trauma of partition and agony experienced by the people of Indian Sub-continent found its voice in the literature of Partition written by various writers of India, Pakistan and Bangladesh in different languages. While some creations depicted the massacres during the refugee migration, others concentrated on the aftermath of the partition in terms of difficulties faced by the refugees on both sides of the border. Even now, after more than 75 years of partition, works of fiction and films are made that relate to the events of partition. A few literatures describing the human cost of independence and partition are ‘Train to Pakistan’ by Khushwant Singh, ‘Toba Tek Singh’ by Saadat Hassan Manto, ‘Tamas’ by Bhisham Sahni, and ‘Midnight’s Children’ by Salman Rushdi. The present paper deals with the sensitive story picked from a Punjabi novel ‘Pinjar’ written by Amrita Pritam. Amrita is a prominent writer from Punjab who has provided an avid expression of the lives and experiences of women during Partition in many of her poems and novels. Pinjar is an appalling and petrifying story of a Hindu Girl who is kidnapped by a Muslim young man who marries her. In the course of events the girl again gets a chance to meet her family and re-unite which she is compelled to refuse as her parents denied accepting her saying that she has been defiled by a non-Hindu. The novel, in its flow of narration, unfolds the harrowing journey of innocent females whose whole life is rendered shattered due to a single episode called ‘partition’.
La reparación del daño a violaciones de derechos humanos: Análisis de las medidas de reparación recomendadas por la Comisión de Derechos Humanos del Estado de Coahuila
Authors: Santiago Juárez Rodrigo , Zamora Valadez Carlos
Published: May 2023

Uno de los principales derechos de las víctimas es la reparación integral del daño. Derecho que se ha desarrollado principalmente por organismos de protección de derechos humanos y colectivos de víctimas, pero que cuya aplicación en el ámbito interno no ha podido concretarse. Existe un claro incumplimiento de las medidas de reparación por parte de las autoridades, así como la ausencia de estas medidas en recomendaciones y resoluciones de organismos locales. Este texto tiene como objetivo señalar las generalidades sobre el desarrollo y estándares de la reparación del daño, así como ejemplificar, con el caso de la Comisión de Derechos Humanos del estado de Coahuila, la inclusión de las medidas de reparación en las recomendaciones emitidas por dicho organismo.
Test del margen legislativo proporcionado. Entre la función y el contenido de la legislación dentro de los marcos constitucionales actuales
Authors: Peredo Rojas Marcela Inés , Fuentes-Contreras Édgar Hernán
Published: May 2023

El presente texto analiza el resurgimiento de la legisprudencia y la controversia que implica a los límites del legislador como garante de la constitucionalidad de la ley. Con ese objeto, se estudia el margen legislativo en los contextos constitucionales actuales, partiendo de la noción histórica de la ley y la necesidad de reconocer que dicha creación debe supeditarse al objeto de su regulación, más allá de la simple subjetividad. En ese sentido, habiendo empleado una metodología exploratoria, propone y desarrolla el test del margen legislativo proporcionado, teniendo especial referencia los ordenamientos vigentes en Chile y Colombia. Así, en cuatro acápites, además de la introducción y las conclusiones, construye una propuesta para el diálogo razonado del control judicial y de la labor legislativa.
Can the Child Speak? Possibilities of Direct Communication with the UN Committee on the Rights of the Child
Authors: Petry Veronese Josiane Rose , Mendes Muniz Falcão Wanda Helena
Published: May 2023

El presente artículo tiene como objetivo analizar la subjetividad activa del niño en el ámbito del Comité de las Naciones Unidas sobre los Derechos del Niño. De este modo, será discutida la posición de subalternidad del niño como sujeto de la sociedad, a partir de la visión teórica de Gayatri Spivak y de algunos otros autores que abarcan el debate acerca de la constitución del sujeto, buscando profundizar el principio de “voz y participación”. Así, serán presentados los mecanismos y actividades de los trabajos en equipo e de las sesiones del Comité relacionadas a las nuevas posibilidades con la llegada del Protocolo Facultativo de 2014. En este sentido, las discusiones serán abordadas relacionadas con el derecho internacional y los derechos del niño en el sistema internacional global de protección de los derechos humanos.
Online Fake Review Detection Using SVM
Authors: Tellawar Avantika
Published: May 2023

Abstract: After the pandemic, our overall life is changing and challenging that’s why our demand is changing now, we are focused on wellness, sustainability, technology, and the gig economy because of these trends we can observe the reflection in the changing desired need and limitation of seller and customer. Many customers can post a review on any website after making a purchase. Whether it’s an online purchase or an offline retail purchase. When customers buy a product online, they check the product reviews. This is very important for today’s e-commerce product decisions. There is a financial gain associated with writing fake reviews, which is why there has been a significant increase in misleading statements about certain product reviews on websites. Misleading reviews are dangerous reviews. Positive product reviews can attract customers and increase sales. Negative product reviews can reduce demand for that product and reduce sales. These misleading reviews are dangerous to your product’s reputation. In this paper, we use machine learning algorithms which are SVM Support vector machines, which are one of the most popular supervised learning algorithms used for both classification and regression problems. However, it is mainly used for machine-learning classification problems
Trust Based Service Management for Social Internet of Things: The Implementation
Authors: Jadhao Prof. Y. B.
Published: May 2023

Abstract: A social internet of things (Iot) system can be seen as a union of normal peer-to-peer networks and social networks, where "things" freely establish the social relations according to the owners' social networks, and search trusted "things" that can provide services stand in need of when they come into contact with each other aggressively. We have suggested and study the design notion of many easily flexible trust management system for social Internet of Things systems in which social relationships progress are not stable but they are variable among the owners of Internet of Things devices. We have been give away the planned trade-off between trust confluence vs. trust contrast in our old easily adaptive trust management protocol design. With our regular easily adaptable trust operation principals, the social Internet of effects( SIOT) operations can fluently elect the stylish trust r settings in response to changing Internet of effects social parameters similar that not only trust assessment is accurate but also the application performance is enhanced. We have propose a table-lookup method to apply the analysis results dynamically and demonstrate the practicability of our proposed adaptive trust management scheme with two actual social IoT service construction applications.