bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Strength analysis in L-angle section of carbon-fiber-reinforced plastic by measuring distributions of out-of-plane strain and stress
Authors: Sawada Takahiko
Published: October 2022

This study provides an engineering-valid and simple strength evaluation method for the L-angle part in carbon-fiber-reinforced plastic (CFRP) laminates. A four-point bending test according to ASTM D6415 was performed on L-angle specimens made of pseudo-isotropically laminated CFRP, and the full-field strain distribution at the curvature was measured using digital image correlation. A two-dimensional finite element model was constructed to simulate the four-point bending test, load–displacement curve, and maximum principal strain distribution; all agreed with the experimental results. The theoretical equation for calculating the stress distribution at the curvature agreed with the maximum out-of-plane stress at the 30.5-MPa bend and the stress distribution in the stacking direction obtained from the analytical results. Furthermore, the relationship between the load and the changed angle of the curvature part replicated satisfactory experimental results, and delamination occurred when the angle of the bent part reached 1.5°, indicating the rotation angle of those parts can diagnose the integrity in curved portions. Therefore, the proposed model can qualitatively explain the failure mode of bent sections.
Initial Characterization of Focal Bone Lesions with Conventional Radiographs or Computed Tomography: Diagnostic Performance and Interobserver Agreement Assessment
Authors: Gondim Teixeira Pedro Augusto , Lombard Charles , Moustache-Espinola Patrice , Germain Edouard , Gillet Romain , Hossu Gabriela , Jaquet Ribeiro Guilherme , Blum Alain
Published: October 2022

Objectives: To ascertain the role of CT and conventional radiographs for the initial characterization of focal bone lesions.

Methods: Images from 184 patients with confirmed bone tumors included in an ethics committee-approved study were retrospectively evaluated. The reference for benign-malignant distribution was based on histological analysis and long-term follow-up. Radiographs and CT features were analyzed by 2 independent musculoskeletal radiologists blinded to the final diagnosis. Lesion margins, periosteal reaction, cortical lysis, endosteal scalloping, presence of pathologic fracture, and lesion mineralization were evaluated. Results: The benign-malignant distribution in the study population was 68.5–31.5% (126 benign and 58 malignant). In the lesions that could be seen in both radiographs and CT, the performance of these methods for the benign-malignant differentiation was similar (accuracy varying from 72.8% to 76.5%). The interobserver agreement for the overall evaluation of lesion aggressiveness was considerably increased on CT compared to radiographs (Kappa of .63 vs .22). With conventional radiographs, 18 (9.7%) and 20 (10.8%) of the lesions evaluated were not seen respectively by readers 1 and 2. Among these unseen lesions, 50%–61.1% were located in the axial skeleton. Compared to radiographs, the number of lesions with cortical lysis and endosteal scalloping was 26–34% higher with CT. Conclusion: Although radiographs remain the primary imaging tool for lesions in the peripheral skeleton, CT should be performed for axial lesions. CT imaging can assess the extent of perilesional bone lysis more precisely than radiographs with a better evaluation of lesion fracture risk.
How Will I Be Perceived: The Role of Trauma-Related Shame in the Relationship Between Psychological Distress and Expectations of Disclosure Among Survivors of Sexual Victimization
Authors: Timblin Holly , Hassija Christina M.
Published: October 2022

Sexual assault is a serious physical and psychological concern worldwide. Various negative psychological outcomes are associated with survivor well-being, including depression, posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), depressive symptoms, and trauma-related shame. Opportunities for emotional expression and processing have been shown to be beneficial among survivors of trauma; however, survivors of sexual victimization may be reticent to disclose details of their traumatic experience, particularly to formal sources of support. Trauma-related shame (e.g., negative evaluations of self, feelings of worthlessness, and powerlessness) has been shown to negatively impact expectations of disclosure, as some survivors may fear being blamed or judged. Limited research exists on the impact of psychological distress on survivors’ expectations of disclosure. The current study investigated whether psychological distress (i.e., depressive and PTSD symptoms) is associated with expectations of disclosure (positive vs. negative) through trauma-related shame among survivors of sexual victimization. Participants, recruited from a primarily Hispanic-serving institution, participated in the present study. Participants ( N = 86) completed measures of PTSD and depression symptom severity, trauma-related shame, and expectations of disclosure. Results revealed that psychological distress severity was associated with negative expectations of disclosure through trauma-related shame ( b = 0.682, p < .05, 95% confidence interval [CI] [0.197, 1.367]), but not positive expectation ( b = −0.068, p = .417, 95% CI [−0.523, 0.155]). Our findings have implications for prognosis and treatment for survivors of sexual victimization, particularly among LatinX populations.
Emerging Adults’ Adverse Life Events and Psychological Functioning: A Comparison Based on Intergenerational Trajectories of Child Maltreatment
Authors: Langevin Rachel , Kern Audrey , Fernet Mylène , Brassard Audrey
Published: October 2022

Intergenerational continuity of child maltreatment (CM) is a well-documented phenomenon of concern; however, its effects on the child’s level of exposure to CM, as well as subsequent trauma exposure and adult functioning remain undocumented. The present study aimed to further explore the intergenerational effects of CM by comparing emerging adults (EA; ages 18–25) on their exposure to CM, adult victimization, and psychological functioning according to their mother’s CM histories. One hundred and eighty-five mothers and their EA completed independently an online survey measuring sociodemographics, material deprivation, CM, adult victimization, and psychological functioning. The participating dyads (primarily White and female-identifying) were recruited online through social media, universities, and advertisements in non-profit organizations throughout Canada. Findings revealed that maternal histories of CM were associated with increased neglectful and physically abusive acts endured in childhood for maltreated EA. Maternal histories of CM, regardless of the EA’ victimization status, were associated with a higher EA’ number of adulthood interpersonal—but not non-interpersonal—traumas experienced. While a maternal history of CM was a risk factor for intimate partner violence (IPV) in maltreated EA, it was protective for non-maltreated EA. Maltreated EA with maltreated versus non-maltreated mothers presented more psychological difficulties, but only if they also reported material deprivation. Practitioners working with children at-risk or exposed to CM should document parents’ histories of CM and take that into account in their assessments and intervention practices. This study also provides further evidence to support social policies targeting the family system as a whole.
A Vignettes-Based Exploration of Attitudes of Parents Toward Reporting of Child Sexual Abuse in Ghana
Authors: Amo-Adjei Joshua , Deliege Antoine , Nurzhynska Anastasiya , Essuman Ruth , Khan Muhammad Rafiq
Published: October 2022

Reporting child sexual abuse (CSA) to law enforcement institutions is the ideal child protection imperative. The role of parents in this process is unquestionably profound. Yet, there is limited evidence on parental perspectives on reporting CSA to law enforcement agencies in developing country contexts. We apply vignettes to describe the views of parents about reporting CSA perpetrated by “family members, schoolteachers, and strangers.” Data was collected from 89 parents from four culturally diverse regions of Ghana. A systematic inductive approach was used to determine patterns and similarities in participants’ attitudes toward reporting. We note that the attitudes of participants about reporting CSA varied considerably; these are influenced by the nature of social relationships between the victim and perpetrator. In a seeming order of severity, CSA perpetrated by a family member was viewed less seriously compared to victimization by a teacher or a stranger. The desire to preserve familial/kin ties and reputation and keeping to the cultural heritage of resolving “disputes and disagreements” amicably were primary norms against reporting CSA. However, attitudes toward reporting CSA by teachers were influenced by expectation of higher moral standards, which made reporting CSA by a teacher a reasonable cause of action. Positive attitudes toward reporting CSA by “strangers” were prevalent. Child protection programs must recognzse the segmented attitudes toward CSA and tackle the deep-seated cultural and social norms through social and behavioral change communication (SBCC).
On the identification of material hardening for anisotropic sheets via bulge tests
Authors: Luo Qiusha , Chen Kelin , Yuan Lin
Published: October 2022

The hydraulic bulge test provides a useful tool to characterize the mechanical behavior of sheet metal under nearly equibiaxial loading, such as the material hardening response. However, the kinematic relationships during bulge tests of anisotropic sheets are still less understood and need further clarification. To this end, extensive numerical simulations of bulge tests are first performed, covering different die geometries and materials that exhibit distinct hardening features and Hill48 anisotropy. Based on the general scaling laws of the kinematic relationships, the numerical results are then used to establish an analytical model that explicitly relates the dome height, apex strain, and radii of curvatures in terms of the die ratio, material hardening parameter, and anisotropy. In addition, the general extraction procedure, which incorporates the analytical model to obtain the hardening responses of anisotropic sheets, is also provided. Finally, the effectiveness of the analytical model is confirmed based on representative results of AA6061 and DP600 sheet experiments and supplementary numerical simulations. The proposed model is expected to help facilitate the application of bulge tests in characterizing the plasticity and forming behavior of anisotropic sheet materials.
Numerical study on a fractal-like multi-cell tubes with the Fibonacci helical section under axial crushing
Authors: Huang Han , Xiang Zhixin , Wang Haozhe , Yan Qinghao , Chen Jinbao , Xu Shucai
Published: October 2022

A novel bio-inspired fractal-like multi-cell tube (FMT) was developed based on the Fibonacci spiral structure in creatures. A numerical study on FMTs with different sectional configurations was conducted under axial crushing using the nonlinear finite element method. Three criteria used to evaluate the crashworthiness of the FMTs: initial peak crush force ( Fp), specific energy absorption ( Es), and crush force efficiency ( Cf). The effects of different numbers of helical ribs N and wall thickness t on the crashworthiness and deformation mode of the FMTs were analyzed. Secondly, an analytic hierarchy process (AHP) method and a complex proportional assessment (COPRAS) method were applied to select the best possible sectional configuration. According to this method, three types of FMT with one, three, and five ribs (FMT1, FMT3, and FMT5) were determined to have a superior sectional configuration. Finally, a metamodel-based multi-objective optimization method based on a polynomial regression metamodel and multi-objective particle optimization (MOPSO) algorithm were employed to optimize the structural parameters of the FMT1, FMT3 and FMT5 under six designed cases, including two criteria cases and three criteria cases, where t and basic diameter D1 of the Fibonacci helical were considered the design variables. The multi-objective optimization results indicated that the optimal D1 does not exceeding 15 mm, the optimal t ranges from 0.29 to 0.72 mm under three criteria cases. Further research pertaining to the crashworthiness analysis of FMTs under oblique crushing should be conducted.
High mobility group box protein 1 (HMGB1) serum and urinary levels and gene polymorphism in Egyptian patients with systemic lupus erythematosus: A possible relation to lupus nephritis
Authors: Hisham Fatma A , Tharwat Samar , Samra Nouran E , Mostafa Nora , Nassar Mohammed K , El-Desoky Manal M.
Published: October 2022

Objective

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of the high mobility group box protein 1 (HMGB1) serum and urinary levels and gene polymorphisms on systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) development and investigate their link to lupus nephritis (LN).

Methods

We enrolled 120 Egyptian SLE patients and 120 healthy controls. Thorough medical and clinical evaluation were carried out, and SLE disease activity index (SLEDAI) was assessed. Lupus patients were divided into two groups according to the presence of LN. Measurement of HMGB1 serum and urinary levels was done using ELISA and genotyping for HMGB1 ( rs1045411) was performed.

Results

There were statistically significantly higher HMGB1 serum and urinary levels in SLE patients ( p < 0.001). There was a marginally significant association between lupus and alleles ( p = 0.059, φ = −0.086). ‘C’ allele was marginally significant risk allele for SLE. After classifying SLE patients based on the presence or absence of LN, there was no significant difference as regard sex ( p = 0.387), age ( p = 0.208) and disease duration ( p = 0.094).However, there was a significant difference between the 2 groups in regard to the frequency of musculoskeletal manifestations ( p = 0.035), SLEDAI score ( p < 0.001), both serum ( p < 0.001) and urinary HMGB1 levels ( p < 0.001) in addition to the frequency of HMGB1 genotypes ( p = 0.003). Lupus patients with C/T-T/T HMGB1 genotypes had 3.5-times higher odds to exhibit LN.

Conclusions

Serum and urine HMGB1 measurements are helpful in the diagnosis of SLE and the prediction of LN. There is a link between HMGB1 gene variations and the risk of SLE, with evidence that the C/T-T/T HMGB1 genotype is linked to a significantly greater risk of LN in the Egyptian population.
Eyes on the ground and eyes in the sky: Security narratives, participatory visual methods and knowledge production in ‘danger zones’
Authors: Chonka Peter , Edle Ali Abdirahman , Stuvøy Kirsti
Published: October 2022

This article reflects on the use of narrative interviews alongside participatory and remote-access visual methods to produce knowledge on and in conflict-affected settings. It details our iterative and reactive experiences of navigating transnational academic, policy and humanitarian networks to attempt to undertake ethical research on the security experiences of displaced people in Somali cities and facilitate their engagement with policymakers. We explore tensions in the combined use of increasingly accessible digital tools (camera-equipped smartphones and open-access satellite imagery) in facilitating a participatory, narrative-based approach to security research while also mitigating access limitations to research sites. We argue that a holistic and reflexive approach to everyday security within a technologically mediated data-collection process – for both researchers and research participants – not only is important for negotiations around ethical fieldwork, but also can be generative of findings about the research site itself. Methods are not brought into a context and deployed by researchers in ways that are fully under their control. In the case explored here, how the researchers and research participants engaged in dialogue about various methods, reflected their connections within networks of knowledge production dominated by humanitarian donors/partners, while also highlighting important aspects of displaced people’s everyday experiences of (in)security and marginalization in Somali cities.
Insights into the lanthanum doping large-size graphene oxide effect on the polymer composites
Authors: Li Yasen , Shang Yudong , Wu Yuanyuan , Ren Yan , Zhao Chuan , Zhang Jing , He Jiangping , Li Tiehu
Published: October 2022

Despite the significant progress made in polymer/graphene nanocomposites, the development of high-performance polymer/graphene nanocomposites, combined with excellent mechanical and electromagnetic shielding properties, remains a priority and a challenge. The lanthanum doping large-size graphene oxide (La-LsG) was obtained via static oxidation and thermal treatment. The effects of static oxidation and lanthanum doping on the property and morphologies of graphene and composites were investigated. The physicochemical property of considerable graphene oxide (GO), large-size graphene oxide (LsGO), lanthanum-doped graphene oxide (La-GO), La-LsG was analyzed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Raman spectroscopy, and X-ray energy spectroscopy (EDS). SEM and EDS characterized the microstructure of the composite material, and the mechanical properties and electromagnetic shielding performance of the composite material were studied. La-GO and La-LsG exhibited good dispersion and structural integrity, as well as enhancing the strength of the composites. The La-LsG/poly (methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) composites exhibited excellent mechanical properties (is ca. 73.6 MPa) and electromagnetic shielding effectiveness (is ca. 28 dB) in X-band frequencies (8.2–12.4 GHz), which may be assumed to be a promising integrated material of structure and function.
Book review: Kala S. Sridhar and George Mavrotas, eds. 2022. Urbanization in the Global South: Perspectives and Challenges
Authors: Singh Sanjay Kumar , Agarwal Sarthak
Published: October 2022

Kala S. Sridhar and George Mavrotas, eds. 2022. Urbanization in the Global South: Perspectives and Challenges. Routledge, pp. 360, ₹1,495, ISBN: 978-1-032-23409-0 (Paperback).
Intermediate-term results and risk factors analysis of tumor endoprosthesis in paediatric patients after the resection of lower extremity bone sarcoma
Authors: Moses Li Man Lung , Wong Kwok Chuen , Chiu Wang Kei , Kumta Shekhar-madhukar
Published: October 2022

Background

Mechanical failure of the endoprostheses is a concern in paediatric patients with primary bone sarcoma. Their long-term results are variable in the Asian population, thus we aim to investigate the outcome by assessing the mechanical failure, its risk factors and the functional results.

Methods

We retrospectively reviewed 38 paediatric patients (mean 13.29, range 6–18) with primary bone sarcoma of lower extremity undergone chemotherapy and limb salvage surgery with tumor endoprosthesis between 2003 and 2016. All hospital notes were reviewed for any type of failures. Risk factors for implant loosening like stem size, remaining bone length, stem length, extracortical bone bridge ingrowth (EBBI), the ratio of resected bone length to whole bone length, bone stem ratio and custom-made versus modular were analyzed. The limb function was recorded by Musculoskeletal Tumor Society (MSTS) score. Median follow-up time was 7.42 years (3.0–15.4 years) and minimum follow-up for surviving patients was 2 years.

Results

Endoprosthesis survivorship, according to Kaplan Meier was 94.7%, 85.4% and 66.2% at 2, 5 and 10 years respectively. Type II failure occurred in three patients (7.9%). Type III failure occurred in four patients (10.5%). Type IV failure occured in two patients (5.2%). Only EBBI independently predicted implant loosening ( p = .007). Risk factors like stem size, remaining bone length, stem length, the ratio of resected bone length to whole bone length and custom-made versus modular were not associated with increase in implant loosening ( p > .05). The mean stem size was 9.41 mm in asymptomatic group, comparable with 9.22 mm in the failure group ( p = .79). The MSTS score was 29.62.

Conclusions

Our data suggests that paediatric Chinese patients with small body built had good and excellent mid-term results in implant survival and limb function respectively. EBBI is important in preventing loosening in tumor endoprosthesis. In contrast to the reported higher failure risk with stem size <12 mm, we found no increased loosening rate with smaller stem size endoprosthesis.

Level of evidence

Class III
The Impact of Cultural Embeddedness on the Implementation of an Artificial Intelligence Program at Triage: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Jordan Michael , Hauser Jacob , Cota Stephanie , Li Hong , Wolf Lisa
Published: October 2022

Introduction:

Triage requires rapid determination of acuity and resources. Current modalities allow for individual judgment, with varied application of algorithmic rules. Although artificial intelligence can improve triage accuracy, gaps remain in understanding implementation facilitators and barriers, especially those related to the cultural understandings by nurses of emergency department presentations. The purpose of this study was to explore the cultural and technological elements of the implementation of an artificial intelligence clinical decision support aid (i.e., KATE) in an emergency nursing triage process in an urban community hospital on the West Coast of the United States.

Method:

An exploratory qualitative study using semi-structured small group and individual interviews and constant comparison analysis strategies. The sample comprised 13 emergency department triage nurses at one site. Campinha-Bacote’s theory of cultural competence framed the study.

Results:

Responses yielded the overall theme of We know these people and we know these things. Supporting categories included the problem of aire; just another checkbox; gut trumps data; higher acuity with no resources; and technology as a safety net. Participants reported reliance on clinical experience and cultural knowledge to assign acuity.

Discussion:

The implementation of an artificial intelligence program was initially received skeptically due to the acontextual nature of AI, but grew to be perceived as a safety net for triage decision making among emergency nurses.
Reflections on the genre of philosophical art installations
Authors: Rietveld Erik , Kiverstein Julian
Published: October 2022

We organized our reply to the rich set of commentaries on Erik’s inaugural lecture—The affordance of art for making technologies—around the following five themes. (1) The experience of artworks and whether such experiences can be described in terms of the affordances of artworks. (2) The possibility that engagement with artworks offers for the transformation of ourselves and the sociomaterial practices we take part in. (3) The claim that artworks can serve as what Annemarie Mol describes as “material propositions” that can be used to engage philosophical reflection. (4) The temporality of making practices and how art installations can be thought of as places in which past, present, and future meet. (5) How art could potentially enable a better embedding of technologies in society.
The Coalescence Effect: How a Combination of Foreign and Local Appeals Enhances Customer Engagement Through Perceived Brand Globalness
Authors: Hu Miao , Chen Jie , Alden Dana L. , Chen Qimei
Published: October 2022

Prior research in international markets has yielded two seemly opposing views regarding customer engagement with local/domestic versus foreign-made brands: a preference for foreign brands based largely on country-of-origin effects or a preference for local/domestic brands based primarily on consumer ethnocentrism. In the present research, the authors contextualize the investigation across international markets and propose that, in two national markets with different cultural characteristics, a combination of local and foreign appeals leads to more favorable brand and product evaluations, compared with either local or foreign appeals alone, due to a heightened level of perceived brand globalness, a phenomenon called “the coalescence effect.” The authors report results from seven studies conducted in China and the United States and discuss ways to design branding strategies that enhance customer engagement in an era of intensified global competition.
Narratives of Environmentalism in National Laws
Authors: Jester Julia , Fatima Shumaila , Opoku Alphonse , Bangalore Nidhi , Hennawi Farah , Nabbie Caroline , Saravanan Sneha , Duit Andreas , Hargrove Andrew , Sommer Jamie M.
Published: October 2022

For several decades, national environmental framework laws have come into existence to define its citizens’ environmental rights and duties, as well as express how the government will manage and protect the environment. However, previous research has not considered how a nation’s highest form of law promising environmental protection and management conveys its role or supports relevant parties. To fill this gap, we do a narrative analysis to see what themes emerged in 44 national environmental framework laws across the world. The main themes are (1) Rights and responsibilities of citizens and corporations, (2) Rights of the natural environment, (3) Environmental knowledge, (4) Governing the natural environment, and (5) External influences. Overall, we argue that the narratives we observed in the national environmental framework laws helps shape and reify the existing human domination of the natural environment for our own benefit and survival under the guise of protection.
Measuring Empathy Across the Adult Lifespan: A Comparison of Three Assessment Types
Authors: Grainger Sarah A. , McKay Kate T. , Riches Julia C. , Chander Russell J. , Cleary Rhiagh , Mather Karen A. , Kochan Nicole A. , Sachdev Perminder S. , Henry Julie D.
Published: October 2022

Empathy is a core component of social cognition that can be indexed via behavioral, informant-report, or self-report methods of assessment. However, concerns have been raised regarding the lack of convergence between these assessment approaches for cognitive empathy. Here, we provided the first comparison of all three measurement approaches for cognitive and affective empathy in a large adult sample ( N = 371) aged 18 to 101 years. We found that poor convergence was more of a problem for cognitive empathy than affective empathy. While none of the cognitive empathy measures correlated with each other, for affective empathy, self-report was significantly associated with both behavioral and informant-report assessments. However, for both cognitive and affective empathy, there was evidence for poor discriminant validity within the measures. Out of the three assessment approaches, only the informant-report measures were consistently associated with indices of social functioning. Importantly, age did not moderate any of the tested relationships, indicating that both the strengths and the limitations of these different types of assessment do not appear to vary as a function of age. These findings highlight the variation that exists among empathy measures and are discussed in relation to their practical implications for the assessment of empathy.
Analysis of flexural and torsional vibration band gaps in phononic crystal beam
Authors: Wang Gang , Wan Shaoke , Hong Jun , Liu Shuo , Li Xiaohu
Published: October 2022

Phononic crystals (PCs) play an important role in the reduction of vibration within a targeted frequency range. Most research of the one-dimensional PCs focuses on the properties or applications of the flexural band gaps; however, practically, the broadband environmental excitations also induce the torsional vibration. Hence, this paper studies a two-degrees-of-freedom local resonance (2DOF-LR) phononic crystal, which can both suppress the propagation of flexural and torsion waves in the same frequency range. To improve the computational efficiency, the Timoshenko theory with a modified transfer matrix (MTM) approach is used for flexural vibration band structure analysis. Through the finite element method (FEM), the vibration attenuation characteristics of the structure within the band gaps are verified. A comprehensive study is conducted to investigate the effects of geometric and material parameters on the attenuation characteristics of the phononic crystal. Finally, a prototype of the proposed phononic crystal is fabricated for the vibration experiment. It is worth noting that a novel experimental setup using the lever principle is designed in this paper to verify the torsional band gap. The frequency ranges of the experimental vibration attenuation match well with the numerical results.
Predicted mean vote model for thermal comfort evaluation of pregnant women considering the effects of metabolic rate
Authors: Wu Weilan , Fang Zhaosong , Ji Xiangfei , Zheng Zhimin
Published: October 2022

In this study, on-site measurements of the summer air-conditioning environment in obstetric clinics of six hospitals in Guangzhou, China, and subjective questionnaire surveys of pregnant women regarding hot and humid environments were carried out. A total of 723 valid questionnaires were obtained. In order to determine the appropriate metabolic rate, three methods were used in this study to obtain three different metabolic rate values, including ASHRAE 55-2020 for healthy adults in a sedentary state 1.0 met, pregnant women after 5 months of pregnancy 1.2 met based on medical tests and the resting metabolic rate of pregnant women 0.66 met. Linear fitting was performed with three predicted mean votes (PMVs) and thermal sensation vote (TSV). The mean TSV (MTSV) and PMV models were established to estimate the actual thermal neutral value (25.3°C) and the predicted thermal neutral value (26.1°C) for pregnant women. The PMV model for pregnant women was linearly corrected, and the corrected PMV model coincided with the actual thermal sensory MTSV model. The corrected PMV estimate was 0.60 PMV + 0.17, and the corrected thermal neutral estimate was 25.3°C. Finally, a simplified model of the relationship between the PMV for pregnant women and the relative humidity, mean radiant temperature, wind speed and air temperature was obtained.
A mathematical control for the pseudo-pull-in stability arising in a micro-electromechanical system
Authors: Yang Qian
Published: October 2022

A micro-electromechanical system’s reliability depends strongly upon its periodic motion; however, the pull-in instability might arise when the applied voltage is high enough. No criterion is available to judge the reliability condition in a simple but effective way. This paper tackles this challenge mathematically. The sufficient conditions for the periodic motion and the pull-in instability of a micro-electromechanical system with a current-carrying conductor are established, respectively. There is an uncertain area, where the system behaves firstly periodic motion, and after a certain number of cycles, the pull-in instability occurs. This new phenomenon is called as a pseudo-pull-in stability (pseudo-periodic motion); its main factors affecting the pseudo-periodic motion are elucidated.
Youth on standby? Explaining adolescent and young adult bystanders’ intervention against online hate speech
Authors: Obermaier Magdalena
Published: October 2022

Most adolescents and young adults frequently encounter hate speech online. Although online bystander intervention is essential to combating such hate, young bystanders may need support with initiating interventions online. Thus, to illuminate the factors of young bystanders’ intervention, we conducted a nationwide, quota-based, quantitative online survey of 1180 young adults in Germany. Among the results, perceived personal responsibility for combating online hate speech positively predicted online bystanders’ direct and indirect intervention. Moreover, frequent exposure to online hate speech was positively associated with bystander intervention, whereas, a perceived threat or low self-efficacy reduced the likelihood of intervention. Also, a greater acceptance of negative consequences and being educated about online hate speech through peers or campaigns all positively predicted some direct and indirect forms of online bystander intervention.
The online structure and development of posting behaviour in Dutch anti-vaccination groups on Telegram
Authors: Schlette Anniek , van Prooijen Jan-Willem , Blokland Arjan , Thijs Fabienne
Published: October 2022

Online communities play an important role in spreading public discontent and could contribute to polarization. This study focuses on anti-vaccination views in the Netherlands, which have intensified during the COVID-19 pandemic. We examined the structure and development of five Dutch anti-vaccination Telegram groups and studied their interactivity and posting behaviour. Using group-based trajectory modelling, we examined the development of users’ posting behaviour in these groups. We find four posting trajectories across all five groups. A small group of users contributes the majority of posts. Overall, posting frequency declines over time and our results do not show evidence for a group of users whose posting frequency increases. This is taken to indicate that only a small group of users spread their anti-vaccination views through Telegram groups. While social media can reach a broad audience, most users are not necessarily engaged to also actively contribute to the online anti-vaccination community.
Tidal volume expandability affected by flow, dynamic hyperinflation, and quasi-fixed inspiratory time in patients with COPD and healthy individuals
Authors: Chuang Ming-Lung
Published: October 2022

Exertional dyspnea (ED) and impaired exercise performance (EP) are mainly caused by dynamic hyperinflation (DH) in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients by constraining tidal volume expansion at peak exercise (VTpeak). As VTpeak is the product of inspiratory time (TIpeak) and flow (VT/TIpeak), it was hypothesized that VTpeak and VTpeak/total lung capacity (VTpeak/TLC) may be affected by TIpeak and VT/TIpeak. Hence, the study investigated the (1) effect of TIpeak and VT/TIpeak on VTpeak expansion, (2) factors associated with TIpeak, expiratory time (TEpeak), VT/TIpeak, and VTpeak/TLC, and (3) relationships between VT/TIpeak and VTpeak/TLC with ED and EP in COPD patients and controls. The study enrolled 126 male stable COPD patients and 33 sex-matched controls. At peak exercise, TIpeak was similar in all subjects (COPD versus controls, mean ± SD: 0.78 ± 0.17 s versus 0.81 ± 0.20 s, p = NS), whereas the COPD group had lower VT/TIpeak (1.71 ± 0.49 L/s versus 2.58 ± 0.69 L/s, p < .0001) and thus the COPD group had smaller VTpeak (1.31 ± 0.34 L versus 2.01 ± 0.45 L, p < .0001) and VTpeak/TLC (0.22 ± 0.06 vs 0.33 ± 0.05, p < .0001). TIpeak, TEpeak, and VT/TIpeak were mainly affected by exercise effort, whereas VTpeak/TLC was not. TEpeak, VT/TIpeak, and VTpeak/TLC were inversely changed by impaired lung function. TIpeak was not affected by lung function. Dynamic hyperinflation did not occur in the controls, however, VTpeak/TLC was strongly inversely related to DH (r = −0.79) and moderately to strongly related to lung function, ED, and EP in the COPD group. There was a slightly stronger correlation between VTpeak/TLC with ED and EP than VT/TIpeak in the COPD group (|r| = 0.55–0.56 vs 0.38–0.43). In summary, TIpeak was similar in both groups and the key to understanding how flow affects lung expansion. However, the DH volume effect was more important than the flow effect on ED and EP in the COPD group.
It’s About Hate: Approval of Donald Trump, Racism, Xenophobia and Support for Political Violence
Authors: Piazza James , Van Doren Natalia
Published: October 2022

Is approval of Donald J. Trump associated with support for political violence? If so, what explains the link between Trump approval and political violence? Using an original, nationally representative survey of over 1,500 adults in the United States we produce two findings. First, individuals who express approval for Trump are also significantly more likely to endorse positive descriptors for the January 6, 2021 attack on the U.S. Capitol and are more likely express support for the use of political violence more broadly. Second, the effects of Trump approval on support for the use of political violence are mediated through racist and xenophobic attitudes. Trump supporters in the study disproportionately exhibit racist and xenophobic/anti-foreigner attitudes, and these attitudes are associated with a positive endorsement of both January 6 and the use of political violence.
Guyanese Immigration, Homeownership, and Crime in Schenectady, NY: 2000–2017
Authors: Bellick Tyler S. , Barton Michael S. , Friedman Samantha , Douglas Matthew
Published: October 2022

The immigrant-crime relationship remains among the most intensely debated and contentious public policy concerns. In contrast to hypotheses under social disorganization theory and consistent with hypotheses under the immigrant revitalization perspective, most studies find the relationship of percent foreign-born with crime to be nonsignificant at the neighborhood level. Previous research focuses mostly on the importance of overall immigration or Latino immigration specifically in large immigrant destinations. The current study extends research on the immigrant-crime relationship to a non-Latino group in a smaller city by examining the relationship of Guyanese immigration with crime in neighborhoods within Schenectady, NY. We also investigate the association of homeownership with crime, which has received little explicit attention in the immigration-crime literature. Consistent with previous research, we find no significant association between percent Guyanese and crime. We find a negative and significant relationship between homeownership and crime. Implications for policy and future research are discussed.
Functional Connectivity in Patients With Parkinson’s Disease and Freezing of Gait Using Resting-State EEG and Graph Theory
Authors: Bosch Taylor J. , Espinoza Arturo I. , Mancini Martina , Horak Fay B. , Singh Arun
Published: October 2022

Background

Although many studies have shown abnormalities in brain structure and function in people with Parkinson’s disease (PD), we still have a poor understanding of how brain structure and function relates to freezing of gait (FOG). Graph theory analysis of electroencephalography (EEG) can explore the relationship between brain network structure and gait function in PD.

Methods

Scalp EEG signals of 83 PD (42 PDFOG+ and 41 PDFOG−) and 42 healthy controls were recorded in an eyes-opened resting-state. The phase lag index was calculated for each electrode pair in different frequency bands, but we focused our analysis on the theta-band and performed global analyses along with nodal analyses over a midfrontal channel. The resulting connectivity matrices were converted to weighted graphs, whose structure was characterized using strength and clustering coefficient measurements, our main outcomes.

Results

We observed increased global strength and increased global clustering coefficient in people with PD compared to healthy controls in the theta-band, though no differences were observed in midfrontal nodal strength and midfrontal clustering coefficient. Furthermore, no differences in global nor midfrontal nodal strength nor global clustering coefficients were observed between PDFOG+ and PDFOG− in the theta-band. However, PDFOG+ exhibited a significantly diminished midfrontal nodal clustering coefficient in the theta-band compared to PDFOG−. Furthermore, FOG scores were negatively correlated with midfrontal nodal clustering coefficient in the theta-band.

Conclusion

The present findings support the involvement of midfrontal theta oscillations in FOG symptoms in PD and the sensitivity of graph metrics to characterize functional networks in PDFOG+.
The association of intensive care capacity transfers with survival in COVID-19 patients from a Scottish district general hospital: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Stark Adam J , Chohan Sanjiv
Published: October 2022

Background: During the second wave of COVID-19 cases within Scotland, local evidence suggested that a large number of interhospital transfers occurred due to both physical capacity and staff shortages. Although there are inherent risks with transferring critically ill patients between hospitals, there are signals in the literature that mortality is not affected in COVID-19 patients when transferred between intensive care units. With a lack of evidence in the Scottish population, and as the greatest source of capacity transfers in our critical care network at that time, we sought to determine whether these transfers impacted on survival to hospital discharge. Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study of all patients admitted to our unit between the 1st October 2020 and the 31st March 2021 with a primary diagnosis of COVID-19 pneumonia. Patients were grouped according to whether they underwent an interhospital capacity transfer or not, either for unit shortage of beds or unit shortage of staff. The primary outcome measure was survival to ultimate hospital discharge, and secondary outcomes included total ventilator days and total intensive care unit length of stay. Baseline characteristic data were also collected for all patients. Survival data were entered into a backward stepwise logistic regression analysis that included transfer status, and coefficients transformed into odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals. Results: A total of 108 patients were included. Of these, 30 were transferred to another intensive care unit due to capacity issues at the base hospital. From the baseline characteristic data, age was significantly higher in those transferred out, while other characteristics were similar. Unadjusted mortality rates were 30.8% for those not transferred, and 40% for those transferred out. However, when entered into a logistic regression analysis to attempt to control for confounders in the baseline characteristics, being transferred had an odds ratio of 1.14 (95% confidence interval 0.43–3.1) for survival to hospital discharge. Total ventilator days and total ICU length of stay were both higher in the transferred patients. Conclusion: This unique study of COVID-19 patients transferred from a Scottish district general hospital did not show an association between transfer status and survival to hospital discharge. However, the study was likely underpowered to detect small differences. As the situation continues to evolve, a prospective regional multi-centre study may help to provide more robust findings.
Machine learning prediction of symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage after stroke thrombolysis: a cross-cultural validation in Caucasian and Han Chinese cohort
Authors: Liu Junfeng , Chen Xinyue , Guo Xiaonan , Xu Renjie , Wang Yanan , Liu Ming
Published: October 2022

Background:

Previous studies found that Asians seemed to have higher risk of HT after thrombolysis than Caucasians due to its race differences in genetic polymorphism. Whether the model developed by Caucasians could predict risk of symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage (sICH) in Asians was unknown.

Objectives:

To develop a machine learning–based model for predicting sICH after stroke thrombolysis in Caucasians and externally validate it in an independent Han Chinese cohort.

Design:

The derivation Caucasian sample included 1738 ischemic stroke (IS) patients from the Virtual International Stroke Trials Archive (VISTA) data set, and the external validation Han Chinese cohort included 296 IS patients who were treated with intravenous thrombolysis.

Methods:

Twenty-eight variables were collected across both samples. According to their properties, we classified them into six distinct clusters (ie, demographic variables, medical history, previous medication, baseline blood biomarkers, neuroimaging markers on initial CT scan and clinical characteristics). A support vector machine (SVM) model, which consisted of data processing, model training, testing and a 10-fold cross-validation, was developed to predict the risk of sICH after stroke thrombolysis. The receiving operating characteristic (ROC) was used to assess the prediction performance of the SVM model. A domain contribution analysis was then performed to test which cluster had the highest influence on the performance of the model.

Results:

In total, 85 (4.9%) patients developed sICH in the Caucasians, and 29 (9.8%) patients developed sICH in the Han Chinese cohort. Eight features including age, NIHSS score, SBP (systolic blood pressure), DBP (diastolic blood pressure), ALP (alkaline phosphatase), ALT (alanine transaminase), glucose, and creatine level were included in the final model, all of which were from demographic, clinical characteristics, and blood biomarkers clusters, respectively. The SVM model showed a good predictive performance in both Caucasians (AUC = 0.87) and Han Chinese patients (AUC = 0.74). Domain contribution analysis showed that inclusion/exclusion of clinical characteristic cluster (NIHSS score, SBP, and DBP), had the highest influence on the performance of predicting sICH in both Caucasian and Han Chinese cohorts.

Conclusion:

The established SVM model is feasible for predicting the risk of sICH after thrombolysis quickly and efficiently in both Caucasian and Han Chinese cohort.
Non-emergent Conditions of the Ankle, Hindfoot, and Midfoot in Elderly Patients Are as Mobility Limiting as Congestive Heart Failure
Authors: Manz Wesley J. , Nash Amalie E. , Novak Jack , Fink Juliet , Kadakia Rishin , Coleman Michelle M. , Bariteau Jason T.
Published: October 2022

Background

Mobility limitations are well linked to increased morbidity and mortality. Older patients with chronic pathologies of the foot and ankle can suffer from significant mobility limitations; however, the magnitude of limitation experienced by this cohort is not well characterized. Conversely, the effects of congestive heart failure (CHF) on patient mobility are routinely assessed via the New York Heart Association (NYHA) classification. New York Heart Association classification is determined by a patient’s physical activity limitation and is strongly correlated to functional status. We hypothesized that non-emergent conditions of the foot and ankle would be as mobility limiting as CHF.

Methods

Life-Space Mobility Assessments (LSAs) were prospectively collected from orthopaedic patients at their preoperative visits and from CHF patients at a cardiology clinic. Patients over the age of 50 years were included in this study. Congestive heart failure patients NYHA class II or greater were included. The non-emergent foot and ankle cohort included Achilles tendonitis, ankle joint cartilage defects, ankle arthritis, subtalar arthritis, and midfoot arthritis. Patient demographics and LSA scores were analyzed using Mann-Whitney U and chi-squared tests.

Results

A total of 96 elderly, non-emergent foot and ankle operative patients and 45 CHF patients met inclusion criteria. All medical comorbidities, except smoking status, were significantly more prevalent in the CHF cohort. No statistical difference was observed between CHF and preoperative foot and ankle LSA scores (56.1 vs 62.4, P = .320). Life-Space Mobility Assessment scores in the foot and ankle cohort were significantly improved relative to CHF patients, at 6-month and 1-year postoperative visits (P = .028, P < .0001, respectively).

Conclusion

Non-emergent ankle, hindfoot, and midfoot pathology is associated with similar mobility limitation to that of NYHA class II and III CHF. Older patients undergoing elective foot and ankle procedures exceeded the mobility of CHF patients at 6 months post-operation, and the mobility gains persisted at 1-year post-operation.

Levels of Evidence:

Level II: Prospective cohort study