bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Importance of Motivation Attributes in Developing Serious Games for Physical Rehabilitation – A Case Study (Preprint)
Authors:   Nur Nafishah, Ismail Waidah
Published: August 2022

BACKGROUND

Patients’ performances toward physical rehabilitation needs and concerns may influence their adherence. Targeting these implicit attitudes by combining game entertainment with medication-related triggers might improve medication adherence in patients using serious games for physical rehabilitation.

OBJECTIVE

The purpose of this study was to outline the motivation attributes from the ARCS motivation model that affected patients the most while undergoing physical rehabilitation using serious games in three different types of technologies (robotics, simulators, and virtual reality) at SOCSO Tun Abdul Razak Rehabilitation Centre, Malaysia.

METHODS

Attributes mapping using the highlighted keywords from previous research and guided by the expert's group which proceeded along 6 steps: (1) exploring the problems, (2) defining the factor, (3) choosing the motivation model (4) structure questions based on attributes in the model (5) pilot study, and (6) evaluate the attribute mapping with the experts and guaranteeing implementation on the patients.

RESULTS

Based on the problem assessment from the previous research and expert group, motivation was defined as one of the vital keys for patients to sustain their performances during physical rehabilitation. The importance of motivation brings positive attitudes toward the undergoing therapy. The framework of this research is started from the objective and the relationship between motivation and patients’ performances while undergoing physical rehabilitation. The pilot study was held using close-ended questions that were structured by referring to the experts and previous research. The motivation attributes that have been highlighted in the research will be evaluated from the model that affects patients’ performances in serious games.

CONCLUSIONS

The outlined keywords based on the ARCS attributes are tabulated and the data were calculated and analyzed using partial least square (PLS-SEM). The highlight of attributes shows the importance of motivation factor in developing serious games for physical rehabilitation. This paper could provide guidelines for serious games' developers in enhancing game development.
The Relationship between Rate and Volume of Intravenous Fluid Administration and Kidney Outcomes after Angiography
Authors: Soomro Qandeel H. , Anand Sonia T. , Weisbord Steven D. , Gallagher Martin P. , Ferguson Ryan E. , Palevsky Paul M. , Bhatt Deepak L. , Parikh Chirag R. , Kaufman James S.
Published: August 2022

Background and objectives

Contrast-associated AKI may result in higher morbidity and mortality. Intravenous fluid administration remains the mainstay for prevention. There is a lack of consensus on the optimal administration strategy. We studied the association of periprocedure fluid administration with contrast-associated AKI, defined as an increase in serum creatinine of at least 25% or 0.5 mg/dl from baseline at 3–5 days after angiography, and 90-day need for dialysis, death, or a 50% increase in serum creatinine.

Design, setting, participants, & measurements

We conducted a secondary analysis of 4671 PRESERVE participants who underwent angiographic procedures. Although fluid type was randomized, strategy of administration was at the discretion of the clinician. We divided the study cohort into quartiles by total fluid volume. We performed multivariable logistic regression, adjusting for clinically important covariates. We tested for the interaction between fluid volume and duration of fluid administration, categorized as <6 or ≥6 hours.

Results

The mean (SD) age was 70 (8) years, 94% of participants were male, and median (interquartile range) eGFR was 60 (41–60) ml/min per 1.73 m2. The range of fluid administered was 89–882 ml in quartile 1 and 1258–2790 ml in quartile 4. Compared with the highest quartile (quartile 4) of fluid volume, we found a significantly higher risk of the primary outcome in quartile 1 (adjusted odds ratio, 1.58; 95% confidence interval, 1.06 to 2.38) but not in quartiles 2 and 3 compared with quartile 4. There was no difference in the incidence of contrast-associated AKI across the quartiles. The interaction between volume and duration was not significant for any of the outcomes.

Conclusions

We found that administration of a total volume of 1000 ml, starting at least 1 hour before contrast injection and continuing postcontrast for a total of 6 hours, is associated with a similar risk of adverse outcomes as larger volumes of intravenous fluids administered for periods >6 hours. Mean fluid volumes <964 ml may be associated with a higher risk for the primary outcome, although residual confounding cannot be excluded.
A novel mathematical modeling to assess the bone mineral density under mechanical stimuli
Authors: A. Edmundo Douglas , S Formiga Jorge K. , Bardini Vivian S.S. , Tango Rubens Nisie , Borges Alexandre L. S. , Bressane Adriano , B. Tanaka Lucas E.
Published: August 2022

Assessing the variation in bone mineral density (BMD) remains as a complex task, given the countless variables and parameters that constitute the boundary conditions. The present study aims to present a novel mathematical modeling to assess the BMD of maxilla and mandible through of bone remodeling under mechanical simulations. The behavior analyze of bone remodeling tissue will be verified by submitting to mechanical stimuli and application of stress on dental implants. The analyze process will use computational tools and mathematical modeling, which should provide the evolution of the density in the bone tissue in the time, considering different mechanical stimuli. The studies on bone remodeling are not specific for the bones that make up the maxilla and mandible. Thereby, the findings don’t translate the specific behavior of increased bone density in these regions, reference values are used, however do not demonstrate correlations that are significant between the density of other areas studies with the maxilla or mandible, in view of the fact that bone density may reflect in the responses obtained in relation to orthodontic movements. This study allows determining the appropriate parameters and reference values that correspond to these evaluated regions, whose bone density is variable in the same element and have a great difference in density between the maxilla and the mandible. The use of such suitable reference values in the bone regions may provide a better understanding of the behavior of the bone tissue in the mandibular region as a function of time. The simulations pointed that the loadings can be applied with different types of stimulus. The modeling was able to measure stress loads, indicated to obtain a better response to dental treatments.
Andar y desandar: resistencias conservadoras como estrategias autoriales en las columnas de Rosario Sansores
Authors: Vela Martínez Alejandra
Published: August 2022

Reconocida entre sus contemporáneos por contar con un público lector sumamente amplio, la escritora, columnista y poeta yucateca Rosario Sansores (1889-1972) llegó a ser una de las figuras esenciales de la crónica y las “cosas de mujeres” en el México del medio siglo. En sus columnas de los años cuarenta, Sansores suele escribir sobre sus caminatas en el entorno urbano, mostrando una continua ambigüedad entre el goce de estar en la calle y los peligros que en ésta acechan, entre el gusto de ser una mujer libre y el impulso casi instintivo de volver a casa y reinsertarse en el espacio doméstico. Estos andares y desandares evidencian la paulatina transformación de la voz autorial de Sansores: de la mujer que aborda temas amorosos en un estilo modernista, hasta convertirse en la columnista respetable que busca criticar los supuestos progresos de la modernización del país. Si bien la crónica periodística suele ser leída como parte de la consolidación de un imaginario urbano, espacio de liberación, particularmente en su vínculo con subjetividades marginales (la comunidad LGBTQ+, las mujeres, etcétera), yo defiendo que Sansores utilizó este género literario para desplegar una voz autorial que mostraba el descontento frente a los posibles peligros que esta Modernidad supuestamente liberadora representaba. Esta lectura de la caminata en la crónica evidencia así lo productivo que era, en términos de mercado, construir un personaje que mostrara los inconvenientes de esta aparentemente inevitable transformación progresista. Interpelando a un público íntimo que tendía al conservadurismo en términos tanto estéticos como políticos, Sansores muestra la desconexión entre la idea que tenían del público algunos intelectuales y lo que realmente vendía y conectaba con la audiencia en el México posrevolucionario
Successful Simultaneous Clearance of Bilateral Staghorn Stones with Flexible Uretero-Renoscopic Lasertripsy
Authors: Kodera Ahmed , Burnhope Tara , Koo Vincent
Published: August 2022

A 50-year-old tetraplegic gentleman was referred with visible haematuria and recurrent urinary tract infections (UTI) presenting as behavioural difficulty. His past medical history includes diffuse brain injury following a motorbike accident, hypertension, BMI 41, performance status 4, and needing a hoist for transfer. CT showed bilateral staghorn complete calculi measuring the maximum length of 3 cm (left) and 4.2 cm (right) with 600 HU. Following best interest meetings, the patient communicated his unwillingness to proceed with PCNL or open surgery due to risks and opted for FURS. His bilateral staghorn stone was completely cleared simultaneously at his primary procedure after a total operative time of 190 min. He had no postoperative complications and was discharged with bilateral stents in situ. He had a second-look FURS 4 weeks later but only required washout of minimal dust and removal of bilateral ureteric stents. His stone analysis confirmed struvite stone. His haematuria, recurrent UTIs, and behavioural issues were resolved. His 6 months postoperative CTKUB showed a dust-free status. This report discusses the challenges of simultaneous bilateral staghorn clearance using FURS.
Proceedings of the Welsh Urological Society
Authors: KandaSwamy Gokul Vignesh
Published: August 2022

Proceedings of the Welsh Urological Society
Transexualidade em Quadrinhos: narrativa autobiográfica nas histórias de Sasha, a leoa de juba e Alice Pereira
Authors: Pires Maria da Conceição Francisca
Published: August 2022

O artigo examina a produção gráfica das quadrinistas Samie Carvalho, criadora de Sasha, a leoa de juba, e Alice Pereira, autora dos quadrinhos Pequenas Felicidades Trans. A proposta é pontuar como tais quadrinhos foram empregados como instrumento artístico para abordar e romper com estereótipos, tabus e estigmas sobre transexualidade. Interessa assinalar como, através da exposição dos dilemas subjetivos e preconceitos vividos e da construção de uma autorrepresentação, tais narrativas disputam espaço e legitimidade com as narrativas hegemônicas, ao mesmo tempo em que contribuem para a formação de um pensamento crítico e compreensivo sobre os temas abordados.
Adversidad y resiliencia
Authors: Bolaños Motta José Ignacio , Casallas Forero Elizabeth , Hoyos Diez Carlos Enrique
Published: August 2022

Objetivo: Dar una mirada a las vivencias, generadas al interior de los procesos de escolaridad universitaria, de un grupo de profesionales sordos que hoy en día cuentan con cierto grado de éxito profesional. Método: Este estudio se basó en el paradigma cualitativo de investigación y pretendió dar una mirada crítica a las situaciones de vida, desde un enfoque histórico hermenéutico, desarrollando así resultados a partir de un conjunto de cartografías sociales y entrevistas a profundidad. Resultados: El estudio determinó una amplia multiplicidad de vivencias adversas en lo referente a la relación entre los sordos y sus maestros, sin desconocer las injerencias de las instituciones educativas en este conflicto. Frente a esto, en sus testimonios se observa la resiliencia de ellos sobre las dificultades académicas. Conclusión: se estima la existencia de falencias en cuanto a las oportunidades ofrecidas por las instituciones académicas, y también en la formación docente, en lo que corresponde a la comprensión sobre las necesidades de los estudiantes sordos.
Hacia un posible reconocimiento de la tutela cautelar de niños, niñas y adolescentes víctimas de la violencia intrafamiliar en Cuba
Authors: Morffi Collado Claudia Lorena
Published: August 2022

El presente artículo aborda un tema de vital importancia en Cuba debido al creciente desarrollo sobre los conflictos familiares, ya que si bien se reconocen principios y normativas dirigidos a proteger a los niños, niñas y adolescentes como sector de especial atención, los mecanismos jurídicos concebidos se establecen para figuras penales en las que media una denuncia, lo que genera un estado de desprotección jurídica de las víctimas frente a la violencia intrafamiliar; en este fenómeno se centra investigación realizada, al dirigir su objetivo a identificar la tutela cautelar a aplicar en los casos de violencia intrafamiliar contra los niños, niñas y adolescentes en el ordenamiento jurídico cubano. Para alcanzar el fin propuesto se emplean métodos y técnicas propios de la investigación socio jurídica como el histórico-lógico, determinante en la evolución de la violencia intrafamiliar; el exegético analítico, dirigido a la interpretación de los preceptos necesarios para alcanzar una adecuada regulación jurídica del objeto de estudio; el jurídico comparado, fundamental en el análisis de la regulación que recibe la violencia intrafamiliar en España, paradigma normativo escogido en la investigación propuesta; además de métodos empíricos como la observación. El resultado de la investigación se establece en la concepción de las medidas cautelares como mecanismos de tutela jurídica efectiva frente a la violencia intrafamiliar en niños, niñas y adolescentes en Cuba.
Dinámicas familiares en el manejo del dengue en Villavicencio, Meta
Authors: Henao-Díaz María Fernanda , Valencia-López Nathalia
Published: August 2022

Introducción: los principales factores de riesgo de proliferación del dengue entre las familias son las conductas inapropiadas, el desconocimiento y el inadecuado manejo de los residuos. Objetivo: identificar las dinámicas familiares en el manejo del dengue por parte de las familias de la ciudad de Villavicencio, Meta. Materiales y métodos: investigación cualitativa, con herramienta de etnografía focalizada. Las familias seleccionadas fueron las que tuvieron un miembro de su familia con caso de dengue confirmado en los últimos seis meses. Se utilizaron como instrumentos la entrevista semiestructurada, la encuesta sociodemográfica, la observación y el diario de campo. Resultados: se identificaron las siguientes categorías: conocimientos de la enfermedad, acciones comunitarias, interacciones familiares en el cuidado de la salud. Conclusiones: la investigación indica mayor presencia de jefatura femenina. Las familias realizan prácticas en sus hogares para el control de vectores. En las acciones comunitarias se evidencia bajo interés, las familias reconocen que las instituciones de salud han llevado educación sobre el dengue. Dentro de las conductas de riesgo se destaca que gran parte prefería automedicarse.
Using Unrelated IRS Guidance as a Framework for Taxing Crypto Transactions: Revenue Procedure 2019-18
Authors: Nylen Paul C. , Huels Brian W.
Published: August 2022

The cryptocurrency market has become one of the fastest growing industries in the world, with a market capitalization exceeding $2 trillion. This rapid growth has caused strains on financial systems, as well as the Internal Revenue Service. With cryptocurrency technology developing faster by the week, a unified and simplified regulatory approach is the sensible roadmap for the Internal Revenue Service in its task to impose federal income tax. This paper proposes that by researching prior IRS guidance on unrelated issues and using preexisting precedent, specifically, Revenue Procedure 2019-18, the Internal Revenue Service can more simply impose federal income taxes on the ever-changing cryptocurrency space.

JEL Classifications: K23; K29; K34.
Feasibility and Safety of Active Physiotherapy in the Intensive Care Unit for Intubated Patients with Malignancy
Authors: Gautheret N. , Bommier C. , Mabrouki A. , Souppart V. , Bretaud A. S. , Ghrenassia E. , Le Roy J. , Lambert J. , Azoulay E. , Lemiale V.
Published: August 2022

Objectives: Physiotherapy leads to improvements in critically ill patients who receive mechanical ventilation. However, cancer patients have not been included in previous studies on this subject. This study explored the feasibility and safety of physiotherapy in the intensive care unit for patients with malignancy.Design: Observational prospective single-centre study, comparing cancer and control patients.Patients: All consecutive patients admitted to the intensive care unit who needed invasive mechanical ventilation for more than 2 days with no contraindication to physiotherapy were included in the study.Methods: The main outcome was the proportion of physiotherapy sessions at the prescribed level in each group.Results: A total of 60 patients were included within 1 year. A total of 576 days were screened for physiotherapy sessions and 367 physiotherapy-days were analysed (137 days for control patients and 230 days for cancer patients). The ratio of physiotherapy sessions performed/prescribed did not differ between groups: 0.78 (0.47–1) in the control group vs 0.69 (0.6–1) in the cancer group (odds ratio 1.18 (IC95% 0.74–1.89); p = 0.23). A sensitivity analysis including patient effect as random variable confirmed those results (odds ratio 1.16 (0.56–2.38), p = 0.69). Adverse events occurred with the same frequency in cancer patients and non-cancer patients.Conclusion: Physiotherapy in cancer patients who require intubation is feasible and safe. However, only two-thirds of prescribed physiotherapy sessions were performed. Studies are warranted to explore the barriers to physiotherapy in the intensive care unit setting.
LAY ABSTRACTMobilization for intubated patients improves outcomes. However, patients with malignancy have not been included in previous studies exploring mobilization in the intensive care unit (ICU). This study explored the feasibility and safety of mobilization for intubated patients with malignancy. Intubated patients with and without cancer were included in an observational study. Each day, a mobilizing team, including a physiotherapist, decide on the mobilization level for individual patients, according to their awakening and motor status. The physiotherapist performed the physiotherapy sessions. The level obtained during physiotherapy sessions was compared with the prescribed level. A physiotherapy session was considered successful when the prescribed level was obtained. Statistical analysis of 27 non-cancer patients and 33 cancer patients did not reveal any differences in terms of the feasibility and safety of physiotherapy sessions. However, in this study, only two-thirds of prescribed physiotherapy sessions were performed. Barriers to the use of physiotherapy in the ICU for patients with malignancy should be explored.
Elution of Monomers From CAD-CAM Materials and Conventional Resin Composite in Distilled Water and Artificial Saliva
Authors: Mourouzis P , Diamantopoulou E-I , Plastiras O , Samanidou V , Tolidis K
Published: August 2022

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the leaching pattern of different types of polymer computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing (CAD-CAM) materials with a conventional resin composite.

Methods and Materials

Specimens of three representatives by type of polymer CAD-CAM blocks and one conventional resin composite were suspended using a silk thread in distilled water and artificial saliva. After one day, seven days, 14 days, 30 days, and 60 days, the analysis of the eluates for the detection of bisphenol A (BPA), urethane dimethacrylate (UDMA), triethylene glycol dimethacrylate (TEGDMA) and bisphenol A-glycidyl dimethacrylate (Bis-GMA) was quantified by utilizing high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC).

Results

TEGDMA was the main eluted monomer for the polymer CAD-CAM materials for both solutions. However, there was a decreasing pattern throughout the tested period. On the contrary, there was a constant release of monomers from the conventional resin composite. Bisphenol-A was released only by the conventional resin composite and in both solutions chosen.

Conclusions

Different types of polymer CAD-CAM materials release minimal or no monomers compared to the conventional resin composite material. The methods of fabrication of polymer CAD-CAM materials produces better properties than the conventional resin composite with a dramatic decrease of monomer elution.
Pembelajaran Inkuiri Melalui Media Loose Parts untuk Mengembangkan Sains di PAUD Terpadu Syaiful Jannah Tanah Datar
Authors: Ersiyoma Nidia , Suryana Dadan
Published: August 2022

This research is motivated by the lack of children’s scientific ability in expressing their ideas independently without the help of the teacher. This can be seen from the children’s lack of interest in completing the activities designed by the teacher. The purpose of this research will be to use quantitative methods in the aplication inquiry learning through loose parts media to children aged 5-6 years. The number of research subjects was 14 children, 7 children in class B1, 7 children in class B2 os Syaiful Jannah Integrated PAUD in Tanah Datar Regency. Data collectiom techniques were carried out through observation and documentation methods. The instrument used is a test of learning outcomes. Which consists of pre-test and post-test, and treatments 1, 2, and 3. After analyzing the data, the results of the hypothesis test are 0,001 which is smaller than 0,05. This is said because there is a difference between the sciencetific abilities of the children in the experimental group using direct practice methods with loose parts media and the control group carrying out learning activities according to the RPPH designed by the teacher in the class.
Penggunaan Media Loose Part dalam Mengembangkan Kreativitas Anak Usia Dini di PAUD Tunas Harapan
Authors: Oktavia Lestari Mita , Karim Halim Abdul
Published: August 2022

Increasing creativity in early childhood can be done by using media in the learning process. The media used can be of various types, one of which is loose part media. This study aims to develop and improve the creativity of early childhood children in PAUD Tunas Harapan in the learning process through the use of loose part media. This research is an action research. The subjects in this study were early childhood group B (5-6 years) totaling 10 people. Data collection methods used are observation and documentation. In this study, teachers and researchers collaborate in the learning process by using loose part media. The results of this study, seen from before the action was given the percentage of children's creativity was still very low, but then in cycle 1 the percentage increased to 30% for the sufficient category and 70% for the less category. In the second cycle, it increased again to 80% for the very good category and 10% for the sufficient category, and another 10% for the less category. Thus it can be concluded that research with the use of Loose Part media can develop and increase the creativity of early childhood in PAUD Tunas Harapan.
Kesiapan Belajar Mahasiswa Penjas Pada Perkuliahan Tatap Muka Semester Genap 2021/2022
Authors: Nopiyanto Yahya Eko , Pujianto Dian , Raibowo Septian , Prabowo Andika , Ibrahim Ibrahim , Alimuddin Alimuddin
Published: August 2022

Mengetahui tingkat kesiapan belajar mahasiswa penjas pada perkuliahan tatap muka semester genap 2021/2022 merupakan tujuan dalam penelitian ini. Untuk mencapai tujuan tersebut digunakan metode penelitian deskriptif kuantitatif. Penelitian ini melibatkan populasi sebanyak 128 mahasiswa. Total sampling untuk menentukan banyak sampel. Berdasarkan karakteristik tersebut diketahui sebanyak 128 mahasiswa ditetapkan sebagai sampel penelitian. Data diambil menggunakan angket yang terdiri dari 5 indikator yaitu: kesiapan fisik, kesiapan mental, kesiapan emosional, kebutuhan belajar, dan pengetahuan. Teknik analisis data menggunakan standar deviasi dan mean ideal untuk mengetahui tingkat kesiapan belajar mahasiswa. Hasil analisis data mendeskripsikan bahwa kesiapan belajar mahasiswa penjas pada aspek fisik sebesar 7,55 dengan kategori sangat tinggi; aspek mental sebesar 6,98 dengan kategori tinggi; aspek emosional sebesar 7,27 dengan kategori sangat tinggi; aspek kebutuhan belajar 6,88 dengan kategori tinggi, aspek pengetahuan sebesar 7,38 dengan kategori sangat tinggi. Disimpulkan bahwa kesiapan belajar mahasiswa penjas berada pada kategori sangat tinggi.
Performance Investigation of Wind Turbine Induction Generators connected with a Single-Area Power System
Authors: C. Gebran  , Ali Jafer Mahdi  , Kassim A. Al-Anbarri
Published: August 2022

Wind turbine power is a vital source of renewable energy and accounts for major plants in generating electricity in various countries. The aim of this paper is to developthephysicalmodel of three types ofwind-turbineinduction generatorsand to investigate their impacts on the frequency in a single-area power system. The generator types are as follows: (i) squirrel cage induction generator (SCIG); (ii)doubly-fed induction generator (DFIG) and (iii) brushless doubly-fed induction generator (BDFIG). The analysis scenario isdemonstratingthe effect of variablewind speedson the grid frequency under load variations. The simulation results show that BDFIG achieves better performance in comparison with DFIG and SCIGin terms of maintaining the grid frequency.
Constitutional and legal approaches to determining the place of prosecutor’s office in the system of public authorities
Authors: Makosii Y.
Published: August 2022

The prosecutor’s office in ukraine has undergone its own path of transformational change. As of today, the constitutional and legal status of the prosecutor’s office and prosecutors is regulated, along with the Basic Law of Ukraine and the relevant profile law and international treaties ratified by Ukraine.

The constitutional and legal status of the Prosecutor’s Office has changed somewhat since the adoption of the Law of Ukraine “On the Prosecutor’s Office” in 2014, as well as after amendments to the Constitution of Ukraine on justice in 2016. As a result, both prosecutors began to play an auxiliary role outside the criminal justice system, while public authorities and local governments were given the right to go to court on their own. The modernization of the constitutional and legal status of the Prosecutor’s Office is taking place in connection with the existence of a number of obligations of the Ukrainian state to the Council of Europe.

It is determined that the modern legal doctrine is characterized by the fact that there is a rethinking of the mechanism of checks and balances and the allocation of another branch of government - control.

It is established that the prosecutor’s office supervises the observance of laws (one of the functions of the prosecutor’s office), the current legislation of Ukraine does not provide for the implementation of such functions on behalf of parliament. However, the most common views are that the prosecutor’s office should be considered as an integral part of the law enforcement system in terms of ensuring the functioning of state bodies. Under such conditions, the prosecutor’s office is positioned as having nothing to do with the executive branch. Another approach suggests that the prosecutor’s office is part of a system of executive bodies with possibly potential judicial affiliation.

In Ukraine, the place of prosecutor’s offices in the system of public authorities has not yet been determined; in the state mechanism, the prosecutor’s office has not received its clearly defined constitutional and legal status, as it is currently not assigned to any branch of government; the legal status of the prosecutor’s office in Ukraine needs to be further reformed in terms of compliance with international human rights standards.
Organ and tissue transplantation definition: civil law aspect
Authors: Dziuba A.
Published: August 2022

This paper deals with the problem of defining the concept of organ and tissue transplantation in civil relations context. The fragmental definition of ‘organ and tissue transplantation’ presumes significant problems of this term’s legal interpretation. The core difficulty of such situation seems to be the usage of special medical terminology in indicated legal relations sphere. Simultaneously, it is well known that literal borrowing of medical terminology leads to a significant narrowing of the concept, as it does not take into account many legal aspects. The situation is complicated by the fact that Ukrainian and foreign scientists have no unambiguous views on the doctrinal interpretation of this term. Some legal scholars argue that the transplantation of human anatomical materials should be considered from the standpoint of the right to medical care, others tend to define transplantation as a special type of medical service. One more group of scientists are supporters of borrowing medical terminology to denote this item and are likely to interpret transplantation as a special method of treatment or system of medical manipulations. This article calls us into question of analyzing doctrinal legal approaches to understanding the transplantation concept in the context of civil law, as well as the interpretation of this term in national and international transplantation legislation. Special legal methods and logical tools are applied to present the solution of the article’s purpose. The complex analysis of special transplant legislation and doctrinal approaches has led us to the conclusion that national and international legislative definitions of transplantation tend more to the established medical terminology. A systematic analysis of the doctrinal considerations and legal provisions allows us to identify the following approaches to understanding transplantation: transplantation as medical manipulation (medical intervention); transplantation as a process of organ or tissue replacement; transplantation as a method of treatment; transplantation as medical care; transplantation as medical service. Such a variety of views on the interpretation of this concept is quite justified primarily due to the multifaceted nature of the transplantation phenomenon. All the above approaches seem to be correct, because they reflect it from different angles. Despite the lack of agreement, we believe our findings compare well with the opinion that medical service seems to be the best reflection of the civil law nature of the legal relations for the provision of medical care. Therefore, we suggest to define the term “transplantation” as medical service for the provision of highly specialized medical care by replacement of an organ and (or) tissue that has lost its vital functions on the basis of medical indications.
Formation of the foundations of ancient Chinese international law in the Zhou period
Authors: Havrylenko O. , Syroid T.
Published: August 2022

This article is a comprehensive study of the formation and development of international law in ancient China. The article states that at the turn of the II and I millennia BC. The Zhou Empire pursued an active foreign policy, as a result of which certain customs began to emerge in this area. In the VII-VI centuries BC in China there were seven large state entities, as well as a significant number of small and smallest. The authors emphasize that by the middle of the first millennium BC relations were formed that were not just foreign policy, but international law. The practice of international negotiations was widespread, sometimes involving up to a dozen or more states. They can be considered the forerunners of international conferences.

History has preserved to this day examples of treaties concluded between subjects of international law at the time. In general, the practice of ancient Chinese treaties was quite diverse: peace treaties of mutual assistance, treaties on territorial issues, especially neutralization of territories, non-damage to territories, especially rivers, agreements on collective retaliation and sanctions against violators, marriage contracts, export or import agreements. etc. In most cases, the treaties concluded between the ancient Chinese states did not have a single defined object, but covered several (sometimes up to ten) issues that needed legal settlement.

Gradually, due to customary norms, the law of war was formed, although in practice in ancient China there were numerous deviations from the officially declared behavior - mass killings of prisoners, sale of captured people into slavery, sacrificing them to the gods. The authors conclude that on the one hand, in ancient China there are significant steps towards the development of international law. First of all, this manifested itself in the gradual formation at that time of the basis for the further formation of basic institutions of international law. On the other hand, it is not necessary to idealize the interstate relations of this era. After all, true international law is established on the basis of equality of states, respect for the citizens of other countries, and this was not to be expected in ancient times, especially after the unification of China by the first emperor of the Qin dynasty in 221 BC.
Algorithm of security and protection of photographic works: problems and ways of improvement
Authors: Motuzna A. , Zolota L.
Published: August 2022

Photographic work belongs to the objects of copyright, which in turn is a branch of intellectual property law. An important principle of copyright is that it does not apply to ideas, but only to their actual expression. Due to the fact that a photographic work can only exist in material or electronic form, any use of it without the permission of the author is already a violation. The development of the art of photography is much ahead of the development of Ukrainian legislation. This leads to problems in defining a photographic work as an object of copyright and its protection. There are almost unlimited access to millions of photographic images on the Internet, which creates the conditions for crime. Illegal use of a work, publishing someone else’s work as one’s own, distorting the work are only a part of the offenses that may be committed against the authors of photographic works. Gaps in legislation create an increase in the number of copyright infringements. The authors, in turn, suffer losses. The author can defend the result of creative work in several ways: legal and technical. Using various resources and services in the digital space, it is possible to note a significant number of technical means of protection of photographic works from unscrupulous encroachments. But they have no legal regulation in the field of copyright. It should be noted that the current legislation does not have separate protection regimes for photographic works, expressed in material and digital form. Due to the specific format, digital images posted on the Internet can be copied and posted on another web resource. If it is possible to identify an unscrupulous user in time, the question arises of the correct fixation of the violation. To restore the violated rights, they usually turn to the court, which overloads the work of the judicial system of Ukraine.
On the development of legislation on commercial brokering in business
Authors: Manzyuk V. , Zaborovskyy V. , Vashkovich V.
Published: August 2022

This publication examines the initial legislative consolidation of the activities of merchants, intermediaries, agents, brokers as the initial types of commercial intermediaries.

We covered the most significant periods of Kievan Rus, the Russian Empire, the Soviet Union, the first decade of Ukraine as an independent state, as well as explored the scope of regulatory consolidation of the institution of mediation in domestic law at present.

To achieve this purpose, the author analyzed the works of famous historians and lawyers, as well as developed regulations of the period of the Russian Empire, the USSR and Ukraine. Based on the analysis of the latter, it was determined that the legislation on commercial intermediation is moderately developed in our country, which is absolutely consistent, because in private law relations in the field of business only practice can show their sufficient or insufficient level of regulation. Also to achieve this purpose, the authors used methods typical of legal science. The study itself was conducted primarily on the application of historical and legal, system-structural methods and the dialectical method of cognition of legal reality.

The study allows us to conclude that commercial intermediation, arising as a completely natural phenomenon designed to regulate trade relations between individuals, the legislative regulation of commercial intermediation in the field of management has developed gradually. The need for it was due to the fact that the need for professionalism of intermediaries allowed the latter to ignore the usual human virtues, which put at a disadvantage financial and economic position of the principals. This institution received a certain stagnation during the existence of the USSR, which was a logical continuation on the one hand of the policy of nationalization of fixed assets, and on the other - the equality proclaimed by communism, which did not fit private commercial mediation as a form of chrematism and “art of enrichment”.
Settlement of labor disputes through mediation
Authors: Meniv L.
Published: August 2022

The article is devoted to the issue of settlement of labor disputes through mediation. It is noted that labor disputes are one of the most numerous legal disputes and the most common among the jurisdictional forms of protection of labor rights is judicial protection. But in the conditions of war, when many workers became internally displaced persons, were forced to leave our state, courts do not work, there is a need to find alternative justice. Mediation is an effective mechanism for out-of-court dispute resolution.

It is noted that the expediency of using the mediation procedure as a primary way to protect the rights and legitimate interests of the parties to labor relations, compared to litigation and CCC proceedings, is evidenced by the fact that such mediation can provide a speedy resolution of labor disputes. The institute of mediation is a positive legislative decision in Ukraine, which will reduce the duration of labor disputes, the cost of litigation from the state budget, reduce the workload of courts.

It is concluded that mediation as a way of resolving labor disputes is an extrajudicial voluntary, confidential procedure initiated by the subjects of labor law (employee or employer) to involve an independent, impartial, professional mediator (mediator) to achieve a joint settlement of labor disputes and continue labor relations between them.

Although there is a growing interest in mediation of labor disputes, the low level of legal culture, low level of trust in mediation, lack of awareness of society in general and citizens in particular about mediation, its benefits as an alternative to litigation, the difficulty of choosing a mediator as a highly professional does not contribute to the rapid development of mediation of labor disputes.

In the conditions of martial law, mediation of labor disputes is especially relevant. After all, the imposition of martial law throughout the country was reflected in the administration of justice by the courts of Ukraine. In order to prevent threats to the lives and health of judges and participants in the trial in the temporarily occupied territories of the state, the administration of justice has been suspended. In other areas, the courts continue to administer justice, however, with certain features and to ensure the smooth operation of the courts during the war is extremely difficult. Therefore, in a state of war, mediation is an alternative to the judicial process of resolving labor disputes and resolving conflicts.
Interaction of executive authorities in the process of optimization of powers of local government bodies
Authors: Antonyuk O.
Published: August 2022

The article is devoted to the definition of forms and directions of interaction of executive bodies of the basic level in the process of optimizing the powers of local self-government bodies, carried out as a result of the decentralization reform.

Based on the analysis of the provisions of normative legal acts, the author identifies the system of executive bodies organized in Ukraine. It is proved that the executive bodies, which are formed at village, settlement, city and district councils in the city (in case of formation), are represented only at one - local level. It was found that the executive bodies of state power are formed at three levels - higher (national), central (regional) and local (municipal) levels.

It is argued that as a result of the reform of decentralization of power in Ukraine during 2015-2021, the powers of local governments were significantly expanded by transferring a significant part of such powers from public authorities to local governments.

Based on the analysis of the provisions of the legislation of Ukraine, the forms of interaction between state executive bodies and executive bodies of local self-government at the basic level are determined. It is argued that the most common form of cooperation between executive bodies is the implementation of measures of state control and supervision over the implementation of delegated powers by executive bodies of local self-government, in particular in the field of landscaping, land protection and cultural heritage, social security and more. It is proved that the reporting of state executive bodies to local councils on the implementation of powers delegated to state bodies is one of the forms of interaction between executive bodies at the basic level. It is established that other forms of interaction of executive bodies at the basic level are information interaction and cooperation through the formation of joint executive bodies and the conclusion of agreements on joint activities.
The origin and development of the sufrajist moment in Ukrainian provinces of the Russian Empire
Authors: Petrechenko S.
Published: August 2022

The article is devoted to the study of the origin and dynamics of the process of electoral equality in the Ukrainian provinces of the Russian Empire. The legal status of women is considered and the peculiarities of the course of the suffrage movement in the Ukrainian lands, which were part of the Russian Empire, are revealed. The development and changes in the legal status of women, which were not the result of well- thought-out steps, but were in the nature of concessions of the autocracy, obtained under the pressure of social and national liberation movements, are studied. The paper presents the problem of granting political rights to women. The purpose of the article is to characterize the peculiarities of the beginning of the suffrage movement and its course in terms of granting women suffrage in the Ukrainian provinces of the Russian Empire in the early twentieth century.

Originating in England, suffrage also found its imprint in the Ukrainian provinces of the Russian Empire, which was marked by significant changes, embodied primarily in the development of the struggle for movement in the provision of equal political rights. In order to implement specific measures for the formal and legal and law enforcement equality of women and men, historical experience should be thoroughly researched. This makes it possible to identify the conditions and reasons for the formation of the women’s equality movement. It is certainly important to refer to the historical experience of the XIX - early XX centuries, where a clear trend towards democratization and liberalization of socio-political life. In the Ukrainian lands as part of the Russian Empire, it also showed national liberation significance. The women’s movement became its direct component. Thus, the study of the legal status of women in the Ukrainian lands as part of the Russian Empire has undeniable scientific and practical relevance.

In addition, changes in the situation of women in Ukraine are likely provided that a consistent gender policy is pursued, in particular in terms of suffrage. Therefore, it is advisable to study the origins of the movement that preceded the current changes. The basis of such strategies is the revival of democratic traditions of historically high social status of Ukrainian women, first of all, support of women’s aspirations to open new horizons, reach dream heights and finally declare their full and equal status as a member of civil society.
The conflict in Abkhazia and South Ossetia: lessons we didn’t learn
Authors: Kubitska D.
Published: August 2022

The article examines the violation of the principles of international law, in particular the principles of territorial integrity and inviolability of state borders, on the example of the conflict in Abkhazia and South Ossetia. Particular attention is paid to the analysis of practical aspects of these principles. The study established the legal significance of the international legal conflict between Russia and Georgia, as well as its impact on the formation of territorial disputes within the Eurasian continent.

It is emphasized that the conflict in Abkhazia and South Ossetia cannot be called «humanitarian intervention to help the ethnic population.» The paper confirms that the very fact of the introduction of regular troops into Georgia could already be regarded as an act of aggression. In addition, Russia’s refusal to withdraw peacekeepers from Georgian territory due to violations and thus the impossibility of fulfilling the terms of bilateral agreements can also be interpreted as the occupation of Georgian territory.

Based on the analysis of regulations in the form of resolutions and bilateral agreements, it was possible to trace the origins and legal basis of this conflict. In fact, the Sochi and Moscow agreements concluded in 1992 and 1994, respectively, legitimized the presence of Russian peacekeeping troops in Abkhazia and South Ossetia. The article also focuses on the use of weapons by Georgia and provides an analysis in the context of Article 51 of the UN Charter. Based on this, the latter should be interpreted as a means of self-defense, which is one of the two legitimate applications of the concept of jus ad bellum in the XXI century.

The actions, more fair, inaction, of the international community in the process of resolving the conflict in Abkhazia and South Ossetia, which as a result influenced the formation of territorial strife and colonialist aspirations on the part of the Russian Federation, are substantiated. It has been suggested that the reluctance of world leaders and international organizations to take decisive action to resolve the Russian-Georgian war has become a catalyst for Russia’s invasion of Ukraine in 2014 and in 2022 as well.