bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
L’égalité des genres dans la politique familiale de la Lituanie. L’influence des discours conservateurs sur la famille, le congé parental et la conciliation vie familiale-vie professionnelle
Authors: Pilinkaite-Sotirovic Vilana
Published: April 2014

Cet article analyse la signification de l’égalité des genres dans le discours sur la politique familiale en Lituanie depuis son adhésion à l’Union européenne (UE). En appliquant la méthode de l’analyse critique des cadres politiques (critical policy frame analysis) aux documents officiels relatifs au congé parental, à la conciliation entre travail rémunéré et non rémunéré ainsi qu’au concept de « famille » , on peut observer l’influence d’idées qui témoignent d’une vision traditionnelle du rôle des hommes et des femmes dans la politique démographique. S’appuyant sur les concepts de l’UE sur le congé parental, le partage des responsabilités parentales et les choix proposés aux femmes sur le marché du travail, les autorités lituaniennes insistent sur les idéaux familiaux traditionnels, l’« hétéronormativité » et les relations de pouvoir patriarcales, pour en faire le système de valeurs particulier de l’identité nationale et, par leurs discours, renforcent l’expression de la dichotomie entre sphère publique et sphère privée, avec des spécificités dans l’une et l’autre en fonction du genre. Même si l’opposition a critiqué les discours conservateurs sur le rôle traditionnel des hommes et des femmes, elle n’a toutefois pas proposé de solution pour transformer les politiques d’égalité des genres et remettre en question les normes masculines qui les sous-tendent. Sur la dernière décennie, les discours sur les politiques relatives à l’égalité hommes-femmes en Lituanie présentent les rôles traditionnels au sein de la famille et de la société comme étant légitimes, acceptables, et bons pour la société.
La vie à deux hors mariage : du juridique au politique dans le postcommunisme roumain
Authors: Dohotariu Anca
Published: April 2014

This article analyses the legal and political issues that govern the spreading phenomenon of unmarried couples living together in post-communist Romania. It intends to show that recent legal reforms remain attached to a highly conservative concept of family life. Despite European directives on gender equality, Romanian legal standards are far from being adapted to the diversity of conjugal configurations now seen in society. Rather than perceive the fundamental historical fact of dissociation between parentage and conjugal ties, the Romanian legislator sees the couple only through the prism of its potential reproductive function.

Life for unmarried couples : from law to politics in post-communist Romania
Convergence des politiques et des représentations dans le maintien de « l’idéal du care » traditionnel en Pologne
Authors: Wator Monika
Published: April 2014

En choisissant pour concept analytique « l’idéal du care » , cet article confronte les politiques d’accueil de la petite enfance et les représentations des besoins de l’enfant en bas âge en Pologne. En effet, hormis une brève période de promotion de la garde collective sous la période communiste, les politiques d’accueil de la petite enfance n’ont jamais privilégié un tel mode de prise en charge. Bien au contraire, depuis le changement de régime son ampleur déjà dérisoire a été même réduite. Face à une demande accrue depuis le milieu des années 2000, l’État a répondu en promouvant l’initiative privée et la prise en charge individuelle au détriment de l’accueil collectif accessible à tous. Pour leur part, les représentations ne reconnaissent pas les besoins socialisateurs de l’enfant avant l’âge de 3 ans et c’est la confiance et la dimension affective qui sont mises en avant dans le choix de garde pour l’enfant en bas âge. L’articulation et l’interaction des deux entérinent l’idéal de care traditionnel, où la mère est la mieux placée pour prendre soin de son enfant.
Les familles sans domicile à Paris et en Île-de-France : une population à découvrir
Authors: Guyavarch Emmanuelle , Le Méner Erwan
Published: April 2014

FRE: Familles sans domicile , Paris , Île-de-France , 115 , Samusocial
Networked innovation: a concept for knowledge-based agrifood business
Authors: Abdirahman Z.-Z. , Cherni M. , Sauvée L.
Published: April 2014

Research on innovation in agrifood business is looking for new perspectives and for new ways of implementing actual results and of combining different theoretical perspectives. To do so we propose the concept of ‘networked innovation’ to summarize what we consider as the core notions necessary to mobilize to understand the complex phenomena of innovation in modern agrifood knowledge-based businesses and economies. Firstly we summarize the theoretical backgrounds and propose our own definition of the concept, which is rooted in a processual treatment of knowledge creation and transformation that came out mainly from the relevant literature on organization theory, strategic management and knowledge management. Then the content of the notion is developed around three main items, which are: (1) the multilevel embeddedness of innovation; (2) the roles and forms of learning for innovation; (3) the becoming nature of innovation processes. In the concluding comments some implications of the research for agrifood business are proposed.
Distinguishing the innovation behaviour of micro, small and medium food enterprises
Authors: Minarelli F. , Raggi M. , Viaggi D.
Published: April 2014

The European economy, and particularly the food sector, is characterised by small and medium enterprises (SMEs). Networking represents for SMEs an opportunity to meet their needs in terms of know-how, and technological and financial resources with the main purpose of fostering innovation and facing global competition. Most scientific studies investigating networking for innovation focus on SMEs as a whole without exploring possible differences between SMEs. An important question to be posed is whether the firms within groups of SMEs behave the same in terms of innovation. The purpose of this paper is to understand whether different ‘innovation profiles’ of Italian food SMEs can be distinguished and to identify the structural factors associated with different profiles, with particular attention to size and networking. The methodology consists of a cluster analysis on data obtained by standardized on-line questionnaires compiled by Italian agri-food SMEs. Moreover, besides the identification of possible heterogeneity within the SME group with regard to innovation behaviour, the paper presents further value by providing useful information on surveyed Italian food SMEs in terms of firm structure and innovation.
Analyzing network effects of Corporate Social Responsibility implementation in food small and medium enterprises
Authors: Abdirahman Z.-Z. , Sauvée L. , Shiri G.
Published: April 2014

Building on a literature review and an illustration with a concrete example, the goal of this article is to propose an analytical framework of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) implementation in food small and medium enterprises (SMEs) putting forward the issue of network effects. Indeed innovation networks and networking activities, as in any innovation process, are major means to enhance and foster CSR in SMEs, but the interests and concrete consequences of the network perspective for innovation capacity enhancement are rarely addressed. To do so we suggest considering CSR implementation as a type of managerial innovation and define by analogical reasoning the main categories of network effects found in the literature. From these, three critical dimensions of network effects are identified: structural, interactive and cognitive, each of them affecting specific dimensions of the innovation process. This analytical framework is synthesized and adapted for CSR implementation and then applied to a case study of a food SME involved in a collective initiative in France, putting in evidence these effects. Finally some managerial implications and concluding comments are drawn.
The role of prior experience, intellectual property protection and communication on trust and performance in innovation alliances
Authors: Ruitenburg R.J. , Fortuin F.T.J.M. , Omta S.W.F.
Published: April 2014

An important concept in innovation literature is open innovation, where firms may use knowledge of other companies to develop new products or processes. However, there is a tension between the desire to be open, to profit from the knowledge of others, and the desire to be closed to prevent others from making use of the firms own profitable knowledge. Formal and non-formal intellectual property (IP) protection mechanisms may protect the company in an innovation alliance, but are often costly and may hinder flexibility and creativity. In the present paper the role of formal and non-formal IP protection arrangements and communication on the building and maintenance of trust and ultimately on performance has been investigated. A survey questionnaire was combined with semi-structured interviews of CEOs and R&D managers of seven companies and two commercial research organizations in the seed sector, one agrifood company, one commercial research organization in the agrifood and one commercial research organization in the high-tech sector. Thirty-three innovation alliances were investigated in total. It was found that for companies active in an innovation alliance it is important to understand how prior experiences, IP protection and communication influence the level of trust in an alliance, and that the level of trust is positively related to innovation performance. Recommendations are given for open innovation managers how to make optimal use of the innovation potential of the alliance partner(s), by fostering communication within the alliance and by using formal IP protection arrangements as a platform to create trust within the alliance.
The AIDLET Model
Authors: Bidarra José , Rothschild Meagan , Squire Kurt , Figueiredo Mauro
Published: April 2014

Smartphones and other mobile devices like the iPhone, Android, Kindle Fire, and iPad have boosted educators' interest in using mobile media for education. Applications from games to augmented reality are thriving in research settings, and in some cases schools and universities, but relatively little is known about how such devices may be used for effective learning. This article discusses the selection and potential use of electronic games, simulations and augmented reality in mobile learning supported by an operational model called AIDLET. After analyzing the different approaches to the use of digital technology and games in education, and discussing their benefits and shortcomings, a framework was developed to facilitate the selection, repurposing, design and implementation of games, simulations and augmented reality, with focus on the practical aspects of the processes used in mobile learning. It is apparent that these devices for learning are valued by students and teachers alike, and that they may be used as personalized devices for amplifying learning, specifically through amplifying access to information, social networks, and ability to participate in the world. Furthermore, whereas traditional learning is based on knowledge memorization and the completion of carefully graded assignments, today, games, simulations and virtual environments turn out to be safe platforms for trial and error experimentation, i.e. learning by doing or playing. In this context, the AIDLET model was set out and verified against a taxonomy representing the main categories and genres of games, and the article concludes with implications for how teachers, instructional designers and technologists might best capitalize on the affordances of mobile devices when designing for blended learning and e-learning courses.
Training Mode of China Professional Golf Player
Authors: Shao Xue Yun
Published: April 2014

In this paper, using the method of literature and expert interview, the cultivation mode of Chinese professional golfer were analyzed and the basic idea of perfecting the training mode of our country professional golfer were put forward to. We should adhere to the combination of scientific research and training together, and gradually form a full range of science content selection and training system, such as the physiological, psychological, covers the physical brain function, sports nutrition, sports rehabilitation, also we should strengthen and improve the level of coaches by introducing international authoritative coaches training system and the establishment of a more perfect examination system.
Life Cycle Assessment of Battery Electric Vehicles (BEVs) Using eBlance
Authors: Liu Zhe , Zeng Wei Hua
Published: April 2014

Electric vehicles have been gaining increasing worldwide attention as a promising potential long-term solution to sustainable personal mobility in recent years; in particular, battery electric vehicles (BEVs) offering zero tailpipe emissions are favored by a significant number of people in China. However, their true ability of contribution to greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions reductions is invisible. This paper assessed their environmental impacts from the perspective of life cycle. Life cycle assessment is used as the analyzing method and eBlance is applied as a tool to identify the impacts quantitatively.
Bioconversion of Water Hyacinth to Ethanol by Using Cellulase from Trichoderma atroviride AD-130
Authors: Dhankhar Rajesh , Dhaka Anil , Sakshi
Published: April 2014

The Present study showed that water hyacinth could be used as a suitable alternative cheaper carbohydrate source for bioethanol production. Crude cellulase and β-glucosidase were produced by using fungi Trichoderma atroviride AD-130. Highest yield of reducing sugars (451.13 g/L) was obtained from acid pretreated water hyacinth supplemented with 0.1% PEG-6000. The highest ethanol concentration (16.43 g/L) from enzymatic hydrolysate of substrate was achieved with a corresponding ethanol yield of 0.28 g/g sugar.
Multi-Agent Design for the Micro-Grid Demonstration Project
Authors: Chou I Hsin , Hsiao Hsueh Wei , Ma Chih Chieh , Lung I Tao
Published: April 2014

A Micro-Grid (MG) is an energy community having various Distributed Energy Resources (DERs) such as diesel engines, micro turbines, solar power, wind power, fuel cells and energy storage devices. The multi-agent architecture offers a hierarchical structure is very suitable for managing multi-individual and heterogeneous DERs in the MG environment. This paper proposes a Agent-based Demand and Supply Control Framework (AD-SCF) which merges with the existing MG Energy Management System (EMS). Moreover, the AD-SCF adopts the embedding of sensors that can provide environmental and DERs information to EMS. It enhances the exchanges information EMS with the other key elements to determine the best optimal controls on power flow, load dispatch and scheduling in MG.
A Probabilistic Optimal Power Flow Calculation Method with Latin Hypercube Sampling
Authors: Zhao Jin Quan , Zhang Chen Lu , Luo Wei Hua , Zhao Jun
Published: April 2014

Among the solving methods of probabilistic optimal power flow (P-OPF), Monte Carlo Simulation (MCS) combined with random sampling (RS) is widely used due to its high accuracy. In order to further improve that, this paper proposes a way of using Monte Carlo Simulation with Latin hypercube sampling (LHS) to calculate the consumption of generating cost under many random variables. Numerical results of IEEE 14-bus and IEEE 118-bus systems show that the Latin hypercube sampling method provides more accurate performance in dealing with POPF under the condition of a smaller sample size, comparing with random sampling method. Thus the Latin hypercube sampling method can replace the MCS with random sampling as the benchmark method of other algorithms.
Electro-Thermal Design of Smart Power Devices and Integrated Circuits
Authors: Petrosyants Konstantin O. , Kharitonov Igor A. , Ryabov Nikita I.
Published: April 2014

An efficient methodology of electro-thermal design of smart power semiconductor devices and ICs, based on the combined use of SPICE circuit analysis tool and software tools for 2D/3D thermal simulation of IC chip construction, is presented. The features of low, medium and high power elements, temperature sensors, IC chips simulation are considered.
Simulation of a Low Voltage Grid with Power Generation from Renewable Energy Resources
Authors: Dragomir Florin , Dragomir Otilia Elena
Published: April 2014

Renewable energy source (RES) enables us to diversify our energy supply. Renewable energy sources are getting more and more widespread, mainly due to the fact that they generate energy by keeping the environment clean. This increases our security of supply and improves European competitiveness creating new industries, jobs, economic growth and export opportunities, whilst also reducing our greenhouse gas emissions. This article proposes a simulation of a three-phase low voltage grid with power generation from photovoltaic sources. The proposed system consists of 192 photovoltaic (PV) panels distributed in 32 rows with each 12 PV panels.
Dynamic Modeling and Identification of an Electric-Hydraulic Controlled Fuel Injection System
Authors: Lee Ya Wei
Published: April 2014

Fuel consumption, related to engine operation and performance, has always been emphasized in the modern design of heavy vehicles. For identifying the operational mechanism of a novel hydraulically actuated electronic unit injection (HEUI) system from the viewpoint of energy conversion, this study presents the estimation of a nonlinear autoregressive moving average with exogenous inputs (NARMAX) models. By this modeling approach, the correlation between injection pressure and fuel rate under normal operations is detected. When mapping the NARMAX models into the frequency domain, the frequency response functions (FRFs) representing the energy transfer mechanisms in the system can then be precisely obtained. Due to the high-order FRFs responsible for the non-linear coupling between the various input spectral components, the HEUI dynamics can be demonstrated as an energy resonance of 22.5 Hz.
Study on Security of Based on Android Third-Party Software Detection
Authors: Ding Ming Li
Published: April 2014

Android platform data security mechanism and security vulnerabilities in android third party software were introduced. In order to eliminate the potential security threat, detection principle of traditional Trojan feature code was improved. A number of steps such as using c/s structure, establishing the Trojan family model on the server, receiving and checking the client's malicious, returning the results to the client, and the client adopting corresponding operation, as to ensure the information security of mobile phone user were researched.
3D Simulation of Heavy-Ion Induced Charge Collection in Sub-100nm MOS-FETs Using Strained Silicon-Germanium
Authors: Zhou Bin , Wu Xin Chun , Huo Ming Xue
Published: April 2014

Single event transient of a PMOS using strained Silicon-Germanium in a sub-100nm bulk process is studied by 3D TCAD simulation. The impact of bias voltage, temperature, LET, and struck position on SET is considered. Our simulation results demonstrate that bias voltage in the range 0.8 to 1.2V greatly influence the amplitude of SET current. Temperature has a stronger influence on a SiGe channel PMOS than a Si-channel PMOS. Both SET current duration and total collection charge increase as LET increases, and SET current duration and total collection of a SiGe channel PMOS are larger than that of Si channel PMOS. These simulation results are beneficial to the space application of SiGe circuits.
Application of 3D Virtual Scene Building Technology Based on OSG in Gas Station Training Simulation System
Authors: Song Jian Mei , Yan Zhong Hua , Yuan Hao
Published: April 2014

For a gas station training simulation system, the real time and reality of scene directly affect the application of system. In order to solve this problem, we used 3D virtual scene building technology based on OpenSceneGraph (OSG) to build gas station scene. Technology of levels of detail (LOD) was used to improve the real-time ability of the system during entity modeling. And then based on 3D entity model library and information files in Extensible Markup Language (XML), we built the parametric library and set up the gas station scene, which provided function information and attribute information. Experimental results show that the scene of virtual gas station can not only greatly improve the reality and immersion of system, but also well support the real-time simulation. Now, 3D virtual scene building technology based on OSG has applied successfully in gas station training simulation system, which provides feasible evidence for engineering simulation to solve practical problems.
Study on Optimization of Water Supply Network Topology
Authors: Wang Wei Zhuo , Zhang Ting Yu
Published: April 2014

optimization design of Water supply network is based on alignment. This research is done by analysis of cost per water quantity of cubic meter for supplying, and takes expenses as weights of pipe calculation.Alignment is designed according to dijkstra's algorithm , and the scheme which cost least is chosen at this section, so it can get the optimization quickly.
Mitral Valve Annulus Matching over Time Based on Image Intensities
Authors: Zhang Wan , Wei Yun Feng , Wang Meng Hong , Zheng Ze Qi , Peng Jin Tian , Li Yi Peng
Published: April 2014

The mitral valve annulus shape is complex but vital for normal functioning mitral apparatus. In this paper, mitral valve annulus curves at different time instances were matched with image intensities as similarity metric. The quality of matching is described by a cost function, involving a predominant term qualifying the matching quality---image intensities. To ensure the smoothness of the solution to the minimization problem, regularization term was added to generate combined cost functional. Numerical simulation results verified the effectiveness of our method.
A Simple Way to Compute Parameters for Load Balancer in Optical Networks
Authors: Tsai Chia Sheng , Cho Sun Wei
Published: April 2014

In this paper, we use the optical dynamic grooming concept to design load balancer. This paper proposes a new solution to achieve optimal load balancing for a streaming server. Dynamic traffic grooming can be utilized in combination with multipath routing to serve the bandwidth intensive applications when resource is not sufficient in the optical network. At the same time, most of the connections require bandwidth smaller than the capacity available in a wavelength, leading to low resource utilization of established light-paths. Leveraging multipath routing and dynamic grooming can efficiently utilize the residual capacity of the under-used wavelengths [.We inherit the concept of dynamic traffic grooming in optical network. We were able to develop a Windows XP load balancer. We designed some experiments to evaluate the performance of our system to determine if our system was capable of achieving the load balance. The solution will allow enterprises and service providers to reach load balancing purposes without adding additional hardware by utilizing an idle, low cost switch.
Low Voltage FGMOS Four Quadrants Analog Multiplier
Authors: de la Cruz-Alejo Jesús , Noe Oliva-Moreno L.
Published: April 2014

In this paper a low voltage FGMOS analog multiplier is proposed that uses a follower voltage flipped (FVF), which dominates its operation. In order to reduce the power supply of the multiplier, floating gate CMOS transistors (FGMOS) are used. Theoretical steps of the FVF design are presented together with its simulation. The output of the FVF is insensitive to the device parameters and is loaded with a resistive load. The multiplier design consists of two FVF cells, two current sensors FVF and one Gilbert cell multiplier. The results show that the proposed multiplied in a 0.13μm CMOS process exhibits significant benefits in terms of linearity, insensibility to device parameters, bandwidth and output impedance. The power supply is 0.8V and a power consumption of 181μW.
Comparative Studies of Boiling and Electrolysis on Micro Bubble Generation
Authors: Luo Wen Bo , Zhang Xin Xin , Cui Xin , Yuan Hai Bo
Published: April 2014

This paper studies thermal and electrochemical approaches on micro bubble generation, which have been commonly used in microelectromechanical system. The size and shape effects of micro-bubble actuators are reported in detail.The rate of bubble generation and energy conversion efficiency of the two mapproaches were compared. The micro bubble generation process of the two approaches were analyzed theoretically. By comparing with the experimental results, the micro bubble actuators were optimized.
The Application of On-Off Regulation in Public Buildings
Authors: Liu Lan Bin , Zou Ai Juan , Ma Li Xia , Liu Ya Meng
Published: April 2014

Focusing on the phenomenon that many office buildings and student apartments in northern China with vertical single tube series heating systems are of high energy consumption and waste lots of thermal energy because of lacking heating regulation, this paper proposed a system of on-off regulation to optimize the regulation, where on-off values are installed in each vertical riser, indoor temperature controllers are installed in the room with lower temperature, and the on-off values control circulating water automatically according to the difference between the real temperature and the set temperature and finally the indoor temperatures are controlled. The temperature control effect and energy saving effect of this system were discussed in both simulation and measurement. The conclusion shows that: 1) the proposed system can optimize heating regulation and reduce the loss cause of heating non-uniformity.2) the on-off control on the flow of single vertical tube makes temperature of all rooms stringed in the riser meet the requirements.3) the indoor temperature differences in the same riser are controlled in 2 °C.4) in practical, users on-time is only 50% of total time through on-off regulation, the effect of energy saving is significant.
The Formation of Cooper Pairs and their Role in Nondissipative Diamagnetic Currents in the Micro- and Macro-Scopic Sized Graphene Materials; Towards High-Temperature Superconductivity
Authors: Kato Takashi
Published: April 2014

The mechanism of the formation of Cooper pairs and their role in the occurrence of nondissipative diamagnetic currents is investigated. In the previous works [1-, we suggested that in the materials with large HOMO-LUMO gaps (ΔEHOMO-LUMO,N), the Cooper pairs are formed by the large HOMO-LUMO gaps as a consequence of the quantization of the orbitals by nature, and by the attractive Coulomb interactions between two electrons with opposite momentum and spins occupying the same orbitals via the positively charged nuclei. On the other hand, according to the recent experimental research [, the Cooper pairs have been observed at room temperatures in the neutral benzene (6an), naphthalene (10ac), anthracene (14ac), and coronene molecules. That is, our prediction in our theoretical researches [1-can be well confirmed by the recent experimental research [, and our previous theory can be reasonably applied to the explanation of the mechanism of the occurrence of the granular high temperature superconductivity in carbon materials [. We show that the forming of Cooper pairs [ can be well explained by our theory previously suggested [1-. We also suggest the reasonable mechanism of the occurrence of granular high temperature superconductivity in the graphite powder treated by water or exposed to the hydrogen plasma, discovered by Esquinazi et al. [, on the basis of our previous theoretical works described above [1-, which can be well confirmed by the recent experimental work [. We also suggest the general guiding principle towards high temperature superconductivity. We suggest that any material with large ΔEHOMO-LUMO,N value (more than a few eV), in which valence bands are completely occupied by electrons, which has been believed to be typical insulator in view of solid state physics and chemistry, has a possibility to exhibit high temperature superconductivity in solids.
Optical Properties of Black Silicon Using the Combination Method of KOH and Gold-Assisted HF Etching
Authors: Zhao Guo Dong , Zhu Xing Hua , Yu You , Zheng Xiao Lin
Published: April 2014

A kind of hill-like black silicon have been designed and fabricated by using the combination method of KOH anisotropic etching and gold-assisted HF etching. Pillars array on the surface of a silicon sample was obtained by KOH etching with a SiNx film dots pattern used as a mask. The sample was then etched in the oxidant HF solution catalyzed by Au nanoparticles for 5 minutes. The etched sample appears dark black. This black silicon is orderly hill-like textures in micro-scale with density nanopores on them. It can suppress the reflection to less than 4% in wavelength range from 250nm to 1000nm, and to about 2.5% at the wave number of 2000-4000 cm-1. It also has high additional absorption in IR range.
Development and Application of Nanotechnology in Sports
Authors: Wang Peng , Wang Ji Yan
Published: April 2014

Nowadays the competition in sports has been increasingly fierce. Moreover the improvement of athletes performance has been constantly influenced by outside factors. As the high-tech materials appeared, sports performance is developing rapidly. Especially with the development of the nanotechnology, sporting machines are becoming more humanized. There are more convenient, protective, and rational in sports equipment. And it takes less time and labor force for athletes to recover from injury and athletes injury can be treated more precisely. Meanwhile, nanotechnology provides the micro level support for the athletes and makes the data in sports measurement becomes more accurate. In short, nanotechnology provides strong support and help for the development of sports, but at the same time it faces the confusion, too.
Effects of Nitrogen Doping on Nanocrystalline Diamond/p-Type Si toward Solar Cell Applications
Authors: Lin Chii Ruey , Wei Da Hua , Bendao Minh Khoa
Published: April 2014

In this work, a solar cell structure of nitrogen-doped nanocrystalline diamond (NCD:N)/p-type silicon was fabricated using microwave plasma jet chemical vapour deposition technique. The effects of nitrogen doping level on the structure, optical, and electrical of the as-grown NCD:N was discussed. The results showed that the micro structure, surface roughness, electrical properties, and optical properties were affected by the nitrogen doping. Additionally, the agglomeration of the film was increased with the higher concentration of CN species when the ratio of doped nitrogen increased. The roughness of the film was Rms:16.5 nm ~ 20.4 nm and the wettability was increased (contact angle 94.4o~ 64.6o). The optical transmittance was decreased (87% ~ 72%) with the higher nitrogen. The results of Hall measurements showed that the carrier concentration increased 2 order (1016 cm-3to 1018 cm-3) through nitrogen doping. The solar cell was made by NCD: N compound with p-type silicon. The photoelectric conversion efficiency was 2.8%. The open-circuit voltage was 0.52 V. The short-circuit current was 3 mA and the fill factor was 0.38.
Synthesis of Straight Rod-Shaped Mesoporous Silica Templated with Polyvinylpyrrolidone and P123 for Controlled Ibuprofen Release
Authors: Zhang Jin Yu , Jiang Bin , Zhou Guo Wei
Published: April 2014

Straight rod-shaped mesoporous silica materials (SRMS) were successfully prepared using polyvinylpyrrolidone and triblock copolymer as dual template, which would be further functionalized with (3-aminopropyl) triethoxysilane. SRMS and functionalized SRMS (NH-SRMS) were characterized by means of small-angle X-ray powder diffraction, field emission scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, N2adsorptiondesorption. The results indicated that SRMS was straight rod-shaped mesoporous silica with a hexagonal symmetry structure (p6mm) and the structure did not change after functionalization. A comparative study of the loading and release of ibuprofen on the carriers of SRMS and NH-SRMS were carried out in phosphate buffered saline. NH-SRMS exhibited a lower release rate than SRMS, suggesting that NH-SRMS was a promising carrier for achieving prolonged drug release.
Applying of Piston Mechanism Design Used in the Wavelength Electrical Generating of Ocean for Fishing Communities
Authors: Hendra  , Indriani Anizar , Hernadewita
Published: April 2014

Pneumatic mechanism widely used in industrial, automotive, aerospace, and etc. The principle of pneumatic like piston is move up and down due to the air pressure inside the piston. Mechanism of piston can be applied to the power plant that utilizes the ocean waves where as use of piston mechanism is very helpful in solving the problem of fossil fuel scarcity as a source of energy in power plants. In this study we will focus on the pneumatic system which utilizing ocean wave that moves longitudinally to encourage buoy that located on the piston shaft to up and down and then the pressing of air out of piston. Output of the piston will be forwarded to the generator (rotor and stator) to produce a voltage. In this paper is focused on the manufacture of pneumatic systems and processes to produce the rotation and voltage. Material of piston tube component made of aluminum and rubber, buoys made of plastic and generator such as of metal and copper coils. Output of the piston will be forwarded to the generator (rotor and stator) to produce a voltage. In this paper is focused on the manufacture of pneumatic systems and processes to obtained the rotation and voltage with aluminum for piston tube material, buoys made of plastic and magnet rotor and copper coils of stator include on the generator and get the results of ocean wave power plant using piston mechanism is 1400 rpm with a voltage of 36 volt.
Design of Self-Alignment Devices with Fluidic Self-Assembly for Flip Chip Packages in Batch Processing
Authors: Chang Tien Li , Chang Chieh Fu , Lee Ya Wei , Cheng Chun Hu , Chou Cheng Ying , Huang Meng Chi
Published: April 2014

An advanced LED multi-die-bonding integration using a fluidic self-assembly technique is proposed in the field of flip chip packages. Different form the conventional pick-and-place methods for a single LED die bonding, the fluidic approach is a relatively new design and a batch process, which can achieve not only die self-alignment but die self-assembly. Here, the size of LED die is 1-mm-square chip with the thickness of 0.3 mm. Due to the smaller size of LED die, the die-bonding process is still in need of finding a suitable approach and breakthrough. In this study, our design of fluidic self-assembly device is based on the experimental test and simulation results. The device design is the gas-flow channels with the magnetism. The width, height and length of each gas-flow channel are 1.1 mm, 0.5 mm, and 1 cm, respectively. With the restriction of the channel width, this structure design can control well to die self-alignment. In addition, the design of two circular structures in the channel can form a flat rim to achieve the die self-assemble. This mechanism of fluidic approach can be useful to the LED die self-alignment and self-assembly in the future batch processing.
Systematic Planning and Design of a System to Facilitate the Adjustment of Grain Transport Vanes in a Combine Harvester
Authors: de Carvalho Marco A. , Ramina Felipe B.
Published: April 2014

This paper describes the design of a system to facilitate the adjustment of grain transport vanes in Axial-Flow® combine harvesters produced by Case New Holland (CNH). The goal was to develop a mechanism that allowed quick and convenient setup and was at the same time simple, effective and inexpensive. The systematic approach to product planning and design was used. The results of market and patents researches conducted are reported, as well as task clarification, conceptual design, embodiment and detailed design of the system. The conceived system allowed a 80% reduction of time spent in grain transport vane adjustment. Its implementation is planned to be conducted by CNH.
A Method of Optimum Installation of the Viscoelastic Damper on the Steel Frame Structure
Authors: Li Li Ming , Huang Cheng Wei , Shen Cheng , Tian Yi
Published: April 2014

The main purpose of optimum installation of the viscoelastic damper is to make the structure has a better seismic capacity.So we need find a reasonable objective function and a method to solve this function.This paper put forward a kind of optimization method based on the performance objective,explore suitability and feasibility of this method on the steel frame structure,and analyse the results compare with other optimization methods.The analytical method and the results has certain guiding significance for optimization of the viscoelastic damper in practical engineering.
Considering Seismic Acceleration Distribution Coefficient of Highway Roadbed Stability Study
Authors: Su Xiao Cheng , Liu Zhi , Wang Xiao Yun
Published: April 2014

The highway roadbed seismic code is no longer applied since it was established rather early. This text modifies the highway subgrade vibration load by considering the seismic acceleration distribution coefficient successfully by software. The safety factor of a typical roadbed slope is calculated both under horizontal and vertical seismic load considering or without considering the dynamic magnification coefficient of slope. Through calculation and analysis, it is known that the acceleration amplification coefficient exerts considerable influence on the safety factor of slope. Therefore the acceleration amplification coefficient should be taken into account in the slope of quasi static calculation.
A Column Generation Algorithm for High-Speed Railway Seat Inventory Control
Authors: Huang Yuan , Song He , Tian Li Xia
Published: April 2014

Huge investment in high-speed railway construction, whether its own operations economically rational, and how to develop a scientific and reasonable amount of high-speed rail ticket distribution scheme has become an important part of the high-speed rail operations optimization theory and applications. This paper gives a comprehensive consideration of economic and public services about the optimization model in order to maximize the expected revenue for the high-speed rail trains single objective function. Then proposed a heuristic column generation algorithm, compared to traditional linear programming methods, to a large extent reduce the number of iterations and computation time. Finally, we generate a random distribution of data to verify the algorithm can efficiently solve large-scale seat inventory control problems.
Analysis on Coal Transportation Network Invulnerability Based on Edge Failure
Authors: Sun Li Na , Sun Hong Sheng , Zhao Ya Long
Published: April 2014

Coal transportation network is mainly integrated transport network of rail, road and waterway transport modes composed. Transport routes play a crucial role for transport networks normal operation. This paper combine with the definition of coal transportation network invulnerability based on edge failure and attack strategy, proposing invulnerability assessment method, combining with China's coal transportation network to analyze network invulnerability in case of side failure.
Applied Research of the Relational Matrix Analysis in the Road Traffic Safety Measures Decisions
Authors: Li Zhuo Yue
Published: April 2014

The road traffic safety measures decisions plays an increasingly prominent role not only in the road traffic management but also in the development of social economy. Combining the Changhong Road, Xiangyang, Hubei Province road traffic situation, the paper makes the road traffic safety measures decisions by using relational matrix analysis(RMA) and through the expected effect of the application of the RMA, this paper pointes out the practice significance of the application of RMA to the road traffic safety measures decisions.
Durability Test Research of Asphalt Mixture with Rubber Particles under the Condition of Freeze-Thaw Cycle
Authors: Xu Hong Yu , Dang Song Yang , Cui De Yong
Published: April 2014

Influence of freeze-thaw cyclic on the durability of asphalt mixture with rubber particles was researched by experiment. Based on the typed AC-13 continuous dense graded aggregate, adding the amount of 1%~3% of rubber particles into graded aggregate, the splitting tensile strength and the void fraction of asphalt mixture with rubber particles under the condition of freeze-thaw cycle were measured. The test results show that the splitting tensile strength decreases and the void fraction increases with the increase of the number of freeze-thaw cycle. With the increase of rubber particle content, the splitting tensile strength decreases and the void fraction increases under the same number of freeze-thaw cycle. When rubber particles are added to graded aggregate, the splitting tensile strength of asphalt mixture is reduced to some extent. And when the rubber particle content attains 2%, the TSR (tensile strength ratio) achieves the optimal value.
Experimental Study on Foamed Asphalt Warm Mix Technology
Authors: Wu Ying Biao , Shi Jin Jin , Yang Chen Fang , Song Sheng Xia
Published: April 2014

Usually, foamed asphalt as cold recycling mixture binder, study on foamed asphalt warm mix technology was limited in China. Aimed at the asphalt foaming characteristic, the paper put forward the best asphalt foaming condition and carried out indoor and outdoor experiment to study the road performance of warm mixed asphalt mixture. The paper proposed the maturation curing time concept and its evaluation method. Results indicated that the warm mixed asphalt mixtures road performance can meet the HMA specification requirement in a lower temperature of construction, and low-temperature crack resistance was better than the tradition hot mix asphalt mixture so the warm mix foamed mixture has a remarkable economic and society benefit.
Maximum Shearing Stress Analysis of Asphalt Pavement Structure
Authors: Gao Jian Hong
Published: April 2014

Based on the multi-layer elastic system theory, large general used finite element software is used to analysis in the paper. The maximal shear stress SXY is analysed entirely by computing the structure layer bottom maximal shear stress SXY of the different combinations under the different axis load. The results show: the more the axis load, the more the shear stress SXY; the shear stress SXY decreases quickly along with the structure layer deep increasing; the relations between the basic layer rigidity and the shear stress are curve change laws.
Optimization of Coal Transportation Network Robust Control
Authors: Qiao Jin Suo , Wang Xi Fu , Shen Xi Sheng , Shi Liang
Published: April 2014

Based on the essential characteristics of coal transportation network, the paper analyzed uncertainties of coal transportation network in 3 aspects ,structural uncertainty, time uncertainty and transport capacity uncertainty. It built a state equation of coal transportation network with the above three kinds of uncertainty, and established a robust control model of coal transportation network, to realize equilibrium and stability of coal flow in the coal transportation network. Finally, take Shanxi coal transportation network for example, to verify the accuracy and effectiveness of the coal transportation network robust control methods in the paper.
Railway Maintenance Analysis Based on Big Data and Condition Classification
Authors: Song Bo Yang , Zhong Yan , Liu Reng Kui , Wang Fu Tian
Published: April 2014

Safe operation is the basic requirement of railway operation. Reasonable maintenance is the basic guarantee for the safe operation. Big data to analyze things as a rule of a cutting edge technology, applied to the analysis of railway detecting data processing, can improve the testing data of the use of the quality and efficiency of analysis. Based on big data, this paper points out state railway equipment management, reasonable status classification, solving the state transition probability, the prediction model is set up, providing better decision support for maintenance and repair work.
Experimental Study of Strengthening of Reinforced Concrete Beams with Externally Bonded GFRP Sheets
Authors: Hu Hai Ying , Zhang Yu Cheng , Huang Zhong Ming
Published: April 2014

A test of bending resistance and reinforcement is carried out on RC beams by applying sheet of glass fiber reinforced plastics (GFRP). A study and analysis is given to the traits of bending and rupture of RC beams reinforced by applying GFRP and to the effect of GFRP on ultimate bearing capacity and stiffness of the beams. The strengthening effect is investigated to give guidance in practice work.
Study Behavior of Railway Ballast under Cyclic Loading
Authors: Zhou Tao Yong , Hu Bin , Hua Bin
Published: April 2014

Densification and settlement are two important behavior parameters of railway ballast under cyclic loading. This paper presents numerical simulation using discrete element method which studies the evolution of densification of railway ballast in specified region under cyclic loading. The simulation results show that with the increase of cyclic loading time, the densification of railway ballast under sleeper is also increasing, and the rate of increase becomes smaller and smaller. This paper presents a new full-scale complete railway track loading experimental facility which studies the evolution of settlement of ballasted railway track under cyclic loading. The experimental results show that with the increase of number of load cycles, the settlement of ballasted railway track is also increasing, and the rate of increase becomes smaller and smaller.
Study on the Relations of Strength Control Indicators of Road Subgrade in Shanxi Loess Region
Authors: Wu Xi Rong , Zhu Li Li
Published: April 2014

Typical loess areas of Shanxi test section as the basis, through on-site tests, the paper presents the relationship between filed CBR, compaction,moisture content and on-site bearing plate modulus. Through laboratory experiments, the paper examines the variation of resilient modulus and CBR in different water content and degree of compaction conditions. The correlation between site and interior strength indicators was analyzed and the result shows that indicators tested in laboratory have good correlation while indicators tested in field have poor correlation. Key words: loess; rebound modules; CBR; moisture content;compaction; correlation
A Stochastic Collocation Method for Simulating Groundwater Recharge
Authors: Tang Yun Qing , Shi Liang Sheng , Yang Jin Zhong
Published: April 2014

We propose a stochastic collocation method based on sparse tensor product spaces to efficiently estimate groundwater recharge. The spatial variability of hydraulic conductivity of soil usually leads to the uncertainty of groundwater recharge. Thus hydraulic conductivity in this research is treated as random variable following the log-normal distribution. Different soil columns are designed by varying the deployment of loam and clay loam. It is shown that the sparse grid collocation model produces very accurate results at lower computational cost compared to traditional Monte Carlo simulations. In addition, illustrative examples demonstrate that both the thickness and the deployment of clay layers have no obvious impact on the groundwater recharge amount under the soil depth of 3m in the specific example of Raoyang.