bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Aza-capped cyclodextrins for intra-cavity metal complexation
Authors: Sechet D. , Kaya Z. , Phan T.-A. , Jouffroy M. , Bentouhami E. , Armspach D. , Matt D. , Toupet L.
Published: October 2017

N,N-Chelators based on aza-capped cyclodextrins were designed to produce complexes with an encapsulated metal unit.
Improving Na–O2 batteries with redox mediators
Authors: Frith James T. , Landa-Medrano Imanol , Ruiz de Larramendi Idoia , Rojo Teófilo , Owen John R. , Garcia-Araez Nuria
Published: October 2017

Enhanced capacity and decreased overpotential are achieved due to the promotion of the solution-based mechanism in mediated Na–O2 cells.
Highlights from the Faraday Discussion: Halogen Bonding in Supramolecular and Solid State Chemistry, July 10–12th 2017, Ottawa, Canada
Authors: Branca Mathieu , Dichiarante Valentina , Esterhuysen Catharine , Szell Patrick M. J.
Published: October 2017

The first Faraday Discussion on halogen bonding was held in the beautiful capital city of Canada, Ottawa, from 10th to 12th July, 2017.
Enzymatic degradation of dimensionally constrained polyhydroxybutyrate films
Authors: Anbukarasu Preetam , Sauvageau Dominic , Elias Anastasia L.
Published: October 2017

The effect of dimensional constraint, imparted by a variation in film thickness, on the enzymatic degradation of polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) is reported.
CFA-13 – a bifunctional perfluorinated metal–organic framework featuring active Cu(i) and Cu(ii) sites
Authors: Fritzsche J. , Denysenko D. , Grzywa M. , Volkmer D.
Published: October 2017

(Me2NH2)[CFA-13] is a perfluorinated metal–organic framework containing both trinuclear [CuI3(pz)4]− and Cu(ii) paddle-wheel secondary building units.
Nutritional quality of bean seeds harvested from plants grown in different soils amended with coated and uncoated zinc oxide nanomaterials
Authors: Medina-Velo Illya A. , Dominguez Osvaldo E. , Ochoa Loren , Barrios Ana C. , Hernández-Viezcas Jose A. , White Jason C. , Peralta-Videa Jose R. , Gardea-Torresdey Jorge L.
Published: October 2017

The effects of coated and uncoated ZnO NMs on bean seeds are affected by the soil conditions. Organic matter-enriched soil enhanced the nutrient quality of the seeds.
The anti-inflammatory effect ofAgaricus brasiliensisis partly due to its linoleic acid content
Authors: Saiki Papawee , Kawano Yasuhiro , Van Griensven Leo J. L. D. , Miyazaki Koyomi
Published: October 2017

Linoleic acid fromA. brasiliensiscould reduce NO production and inflammatory activity in RAW 264.7 cells by inhibition of p50 andviaactivation of PPARα.
Correction: A bioenergetic mechanism for amoeboid-like cell motility profiles tested in a microfluidic electrotaxis assay
Authors: Peretz-Soroka Hagit , Tirosh Reuven , Hipolito Jolly , Huebner Erwin , Alexander Murray , Fiege Jason , Lin Francis
Published: October 2017

Correction for ‘A bioenergetic mechanism for amoeboid-like cell motility profiles tested in a microfluidic electrotaxis assay’ by Hagit Peretz-Soroka et al., Integr. Biol., 2017, DOI: 10.1039/c7ib00086c.
A microfluidic device for partial immobilization, chemical exposure and behavioural screening of zebrafish larvae
Authors: Nady Asal , Peimani Amir Reza , Zoidl Georg , Rezai Pouya
Published: October 2017

Movement response of zebrafish to chemicals is of interest in screening studies. We introduce a microfluidic device for partial immobilization, headl-arginine exposure and movement screening of zebrafish larvae under controlled conditions.
Design, synthesis and structure–activity relationships of (±)-isochaihulactone derivatives
Authors: Zhao Yu , Liu Po-Yen , Hsieh Kan-Yen , Hsu Pei-Ling , Goto Masuo , Morris-Natschke Susan L. , Harn Horng-Jyh , Lee Kuo-Hsiung
Published: October 2017

Seventeen new derivatives of (±)-isochaihulactone were synthesized. SAR conclusions were first established for isochaihulactone-type compounds.
Copper-catalyzed aerobic oxidative intramolecular amidation of 2-aminophenylacetylenes: a domino process for the synthesis of isatin
Authors: Salvanna N. , Ramesh Perla , Santosh Kumar K. , Das Biswanath
Published: October 2017

A novel CuI-catalyzed oxidative amidation of 2-aminophenylacetylenes leading to the formation of isatins by using open air as an oxygen source has been developed. The reaction proceeded smoothly and provided a variety of isatin derivatives in good yields.
Influence of cholinium-based ionic liquids on the structural stability and activity of α-chymotrypsin
Authors: Bisht Meena , Venkatesu Pannuru
Published: October 2017

Unanticipated high thermal stability and sustained activity of CT was found in the presence of [Ch][Ac], [Ch][Cl] and [Ch][Dhp], while [Ch][Cit] and [Ch][OH] act as strong destabilizers for the CT structure.
Alloying-assisted phonon engineering of layered BiInSe3@nickel foam for efficient solar-enabled water evaporation
Authors: Yao J. D. , Zheng Z. Q. , Yang G. W.
Published: October 2017

A BiInSe3@NF device is fabricated via one-step PLD process and demonstrates efficient solar-enabled water evaporation.
Large-area plasmon enhanced two-dimensional MoS2
Authors: Lee Min-Gon , Yoo SeokJae , Kim TaeHyung , Park Q-Han
Published: October 2017

Two-dimensional transition metal chalcogenides (2D TMDCs) show photoluminescence (PL) enhancement as a result of the coupling between plasmon resonance of gold nanoparticles and direct band-gap transitions of 2D TMDCs.
Improved response time of flexible microelectromechanical sensors employing eco-friendly nanomaterials
Authors: Fan Shicheng , Dan Li , Meng Lingju , Zheng Wei , Elias Anastasia , Wang Xihua
Published: October 2017

We present an easy approach to obtain the fast-response nanocomposite materials by adding CNC to PDMS. Such improvement of the response time enables our sensors to detect real-time pulses in the radial artery pressures.
Nanostructured topological state in bismuth nanotube arrays: inverting bonding–antibonding levels of molecular orbitals
Authors: Jin Kyung-Hwan , Jhi Seung-Hoon , Liu Feng
Published: October 2017

We demonstrate a new class of nanostructured topological materials that exhibit a topological quantum phase arising from nanoscale structural motifs.
Ni nanoparticles@Ni–Mo nitride nanorod arrays: a novel 3D-network hierarchical structure for high areal capacitance hybrid supercapacitors
Authors: Ruan Yunjun , Lv Lin , Li Zhishan , Wang Chundong , Jiang Jianjun
Published: October 2017

The Ni–Mo–N nanorod arrays facilitate dual electron and ion conductivity during the electrochemical process, exhibiting excellent electrochemical properties.
One-step solid state reaction for the synthesis of ternary nitrides Co3Mo3N and Fe3Mo3N
Authors: Wang Liangbiao , Xian Wanjun , Zhang Kailong , Liu Weiqiao , Qin Hengfei , Zhou Quanfa , Qian Yitai
Published: October 2017

Co3Mo3N and Fe3Mo3N have been synthesized by a one step solid-state reaction.
Synthesis of a ceria-supported iron–ruthenium oxide catalyst and its structural transformation from subnanometer clusters to single atoms during the Fischer–Tropsch synthesis reaction
Authors: Wang Xu , Fu Xin-Pu , Yu Wen-Zhu , Ma Chao , Jia Chun-Jiang , Si Rui
Published: October 2017

The transformation from subnanometer clusters to single atoms during Fischer–Tropsch synthesis was revealed by X-ray absorption fine structure analysis of a ceria-supported iron–ruthenium oxide catalyst.
NiCo bimetallic nanoparticles encapsulated in graphite-like carbon layers as efficient and robust hydrogenation catalysts
Authors: Ni Ting , Zhang Sai , Cao Fangxian , Ma Yuanyuan
Published: October 2017

The highest catalytic performance of Ni0.5Co0.5@NC catalysts can be attributed to their optimized electronic structure to facilitate the hydrogen activation.
Flux growth and characterization of an FeSi4P4 single crystal
Authors: Yu Tongtong , Wang Shanpeng , Ruan Huapeng , Li Chunlong , Zhang Xixia , Jia Ning , Zhang Jian , Tao Xutang
Published: October 2017

Flux growth of the bulk FeSi4P4 single crystal, a paramagnetic semiconductor material with high thermal conductivity.
Extended-release of opioids using fentanyl-based polymeric nanoparticles for enhanced pain management
Authors: Kovaliov Marina , Li Shaohua , Korkmaz Emrullah , Cohen-Karni Devora , Tomycz Nestor , Ozdoganlar O. Burak , Averick Saadyah
Published: October 2017

Fentanyl-terminated polyesters provide linear release of therapeutics with an effective antinociceptive effect in vivo.
Hybridizing Fe3O4 nanocrystals with nitrogen-doped carbon nanowires for high-performance supercapacitors
Authors: Chen Jizhang , Chen Qiongyu , Xu Junling , Wong Ching-Ping
Published: October 2017

The nanocomposite hybridizing Fe3O4 nanocrystals with N-doped carbon nanowires exhibits great performances for supercapacitors.
A high-temperature organic–inorganic ferroelectric with outstanding switchable dielectric characteristics
Authors: Xu Cong , Zhang Wenjun , Gao Linsong , Gan Xuecheng , Sun Xiaofan , Cui Zepeng , Cai Hong-Ling , Wu X. S.
Published: October 2017

A new molecular ferroelectric is discovered in an organic–inorganic hybrid compound, (C6H5NH3)2CdCl4, which undergoes a reversible order–disorder ferroelectric phase transition at 369 K.
A simple synthesis of Ga2O3 and GaN nanocrystals
Authors: Huang Erwei , Li Juxia , Wu Guangjun , Dai Weili , Guan Naijia , Li Landong
Published: October 2017

A simple top-down strategy to α-Ga2O3 and GaN nanocrystals is developed and the morphology-dependent optical properties of α-Ga2O3 crystals are established.
The perivascular pathways for influx of cerebrospinal fluid are most efficient in the midbrain
Authors: Dobson Howard , Sharp Matthew MacGregor , Cumpsty Richard , Criswell Theodore P. , Wellman Tyler , Finucane Ciara , Sullivan Jenna M. , Weller Roy O. , Verma Ajay , Carare Roxana O.
Published: October 2017

Although there are no conventional lymphatic vessels in the brain, fluid and solutes drain along basement membranes (BMs) of cerebral capillaries and arteries towards the subarachnoid space and cervical lymph nodes. Convective influx/glymphatic entry of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) into the brain parenchyma occurs along the pial-glial BMs of arteries. This project tested the hypotheses that pial-glial BM of arteries are thicker in the midbrain, allowing more glymphatic entry of CSF. The in vivo MRI and PET images were obtained from a 4.2-year-old dog, whereas the post-mortem electron microscopy was performed in a 12-year-old dog. We demonstrated a significant increase in the thickness of the pial-glial BM in the midbrain compared with the same BM in different regions of the brain and an increase in the convective influx of fluid from the subarachnoid space. These results are highly significant for the intrathecal drug delivery into the brain, indicating that the midbrain is better equipped for convective influx/glymphatic entry of the CSF.
Working Memory and Speech Comprehension in Older Adults With Hearing Impairment
Authors: Nagaraj Naveen K.
Published: October 2017

Purpose

This study examined the relationship between working memory (WM) and speech comprehension in older adults with hearing impairment (HI). It was hypothesized that WM would explain significant variance in speech comprehension measured in multitalker babble (MTB).

Method

Twenty-four older (59–73 years) adults with sensorineural HI participated. WM capacity (WMC) was measured using 3 complex span tasks. Speech comprehension was assessed using multiple passages, and speech identification ability was measured using recall of sentence final-word and key words. Speech measures were performed in quiet and in the presence of MTB at + 5 dB signal-to-noise ratio.

Results

Results suggested that participants' speech identification was poorer in MTB, but their ability to comprehend discourse in MTB was at least as good as in quiet. WMC did not explain significant variance in speech comprehension before and after controlling for age and audibility. However, WMC explained significant variance in low-context sentence key words identification in MTB.

Conclusions

These results suggest that WMC plays an important role in identifying low-context sentences in MTB, but not when comprehending semantically rich discourse passages. In general, data did not support individual variability in WMC as a factor that predicts speech comprehension ability in older adults with HI.
Design of ultra‐thin closely spaced dual‐band bandpass frequency selective surface
Authors: Yang Shilin , Chen Qiang , Bai Jiajun , Fu Yunqi
Published: October 2017

An ultra‐thin compact frequency selective surface with dual passband, which can be independently tuned, has been designed. It produces two passbands at 8.2 and 11.4 GHz with transmission zeros on both sides of the passband to improve frequency selectivity. The electromagnetic coupling structure makes the overall structure ultra‐thin, and the single‐ended short resonator reduces the unit size. Simulation was performed to demonstrate the effectiveness of the design.
Decentralised attitude synchronisation of multiple rigid bodies on lie group SO (3)
Authors: Ghasemi Kobra , Ghaisari Jafar , Pouryayevali Mohamad R.
Published: October 2017

Here, the global and coordinate‐free approach has been applied to study the leaderless attitude synchronisation problem of multiple rigid bodies with kinematic evolving on Lie group SO (3). A decentralised consensus law based on the gradient of a smooth cost function which depends on the relative attitude of neighbouring agents is proposed. The advantage of using this cost function lies in the fact that there is a relation between the Hessian matrix of this function in a consensus configuration and the Laplacian matrix of a graph. In addition, a new approach for analysing the attitude synchronisation problem was developed and proved that convergence to synchronisation can be achieved for any connected and undirected graph if the initial attitudes of neighbouring agents are sufficiently close. Using the critical points of the cost function, the effects of graph topology on synchronisation problem were investigated. The initial attitudes sets ensuring the convergence to synchronisation are obtained for the undirected tree, complete, and ring graphs. The initial set is more restrictive for ring graph owing to the existence of other critical points induced by graph topology. Eventually, using the appropriate Lyapunov function, sufficient condition that guarantees convergence to synchronisation for general connected graph was obtained, and numerical simulation carried out to illustrate the theoretical results.
Rayleigh-Taylor instabilities with sheared magnetic fields in partially ionised plasmas
Authors: Ruderman M. S. , Ballai I. , Khomenko E. , Collados M.
Published: October 2017

Aims. In the present study we investigate the nature of the magnetic Rayleigh-Taylor instability appearing at a tangential discontinuity in a partially ionised plasma when the effect of magnetic shear is taken into account.

Methods. The partially ionised character of the plasma is described by the ambipolar diffusion in the induction equation. The dynamics of the plasma is investigated in a single-fluid approximation. After matching the solutions on both sides of the interface we derive a dispersion equation and calculate the instability increment using analytical methods for particular cases of parameters, and numerical investigation for a wide range of parameters.

Results. We calculated the dependence of the instability increment on the perturbation wavenumber. We also calculated the dependence of the maximum instability increment on the shear angle of the magnetic field for various values of the ionisation degree.

Conclusions. Our results show that the Rayleigh-Taylor instability becomes sensitive to the degree of plasma ionisation only for plasmas with small values of plasma beta and in a very weakly ionised state. Perturbations are unstable only for those wavenumbers that are below a cut-off value.
A complete study of the precision of the concentric MacLaurin spheroid method to calculate Jupiter’s gravitational moments
Authors: Debras F. , Chabrier G.
Published: October 2017

A few years ago, Hubbard (2012, ApJ, 756, L15; 2013, ApJ, 768, 43) presented an elegant, non-perturbative method, called concentric MacLaurin spheroid (CMS), to calculate with very high accuracy the gravitational moments of a rotating fluid body following a barotropic pressure-density relationship. Having such an accurate method is of great importance for taking full advantage of the Juno mission, and its extremely precise determination of Jupiter gravitational moments, to better constrain the internal structure of the planet. Recently, several authors have applied this method to the Juno mission with 512 spheroids linearly spaced in altitude. We demonstrate in this paper that such calculations lead to errors larger than Juno’s error bars, invalidating the aforederived Jupiter models at the level required by Juno’s precision. We show that, in order to fulfill Juno’s observational constraints, at least 1500 spheroids must be used with a cubic, square or exponential repartition, the most reliable solutions. When using a realistic equation of state instead of a polytrope, we highlight the necessity to properly describe the outermost layers to derive an accurate boundary condition, excluding in particular a zero pressure outer condition. Providing all these constraints are fulfilled, the CMS method can indeed be used to derive Jupiter models within Juno’s present observational constraints. However, we show that the treatment of the outermost layers leads to irreducible errors in the calculation of the gravitational moments and thus on the inferred physical quantities for the planet. We have quantified these errors and evaluated the maximum precision that can be reached with the CMS method in the present and future exploitation of Juno’s data.
Diethylzinc-Mediated Metalloamination–Alkylation of N,N-Dimethylhydrazinoalkenes. Catalysis of C–Zn Alkylation Using Simple Cu(I) Salts
Authors: Mickelsen Ky , Zabawa Sean , Livinghouse Tom
Published: October 2017

Metalloamination–alkylation of representative N,N-dimethylhydrazinoalkenes has been shown to be effectively catalyzed by ­CuBr·SMe2, CuCN, and CuI. The current method obviates the use of ­stoichiometric CuCN(LiCl)2 as a promoter for the electrophilic functionalization event.
Copper-Catalyzed Synthesis of Aryl Thioamides from Aryl Aldehydes and Tetramethylthiuram Disulfide
Authors: Dong Zhi-Bing , Zeng Meng-Tian , Wang Min , Peng Han-Ying , Cheng Yu
Published: October 2017

A novel and convenient method for the synthesis of aryl thioamides from aryl aldehydes and tetramethylthiuram disulfide (TMTD) without the use of sulfurating reagent was explored. In the presence of CuI and di-tert-butyl peroxide (DTBP), various aryl thioamides were prepared with good to excellent yields, tetramethylthiuram disulfide as thioamide source is essential for this transformation. The protocol features broad substrate scope, nice yields, operability and commercially available and inexpensive raw materials, showing its practical synthetic value in organic synthesis.
New Efficient Synthesis of 2-Thioxo-2,3-dihydropyrimidin-4(1H)-ones from Baylis–Hillman Adducts
Authors: Zhong Ying , Zhao Zhigang , Chen Xiuhua , Huang Gang
Published: October 2017

Azides obtained from Baylis–Hillman adducts were treated with triphenylphosphine to give the corresponding iminophosphoranes, which reacted with carbon disulfide at 40 °C to produce isothiocyanates. The reaction of these isothiocyanates with primary amines provided thiourea intermediates, which in the presence of potassium carbonate or sodium methoxide were converted into 2-thioxo-2,3-dihydropyrimidin-4(1H)-ones in good yields.
Current Concepts in Extra-articular Impingement of the Hip: Clinical Diagnosis, Imaging, and Treatment
Authors: Koles Sarah , Salat Peter , Veljkovic Andrea , Marín-Peña Óliver , Kassarjian Ara
Published: October 2017

Hip impingement syndromes, particularly femoroacetabular impingement syndrome, have attracted tremendous attention in the past decade. We address some of the less common hip impingement syndromes, mainly the extra-articular hip impingement syndromes. The clinical presentation, imaging, and treatment of anterior, posterior, and lateral hip impingement syndromes are discussed.
Ein Modell für frühkindliches Innenschielen: dissoziiertes Schielen als Folge sensorischer interhemisphärischer Dissoziation und gekreuzte Dominanz im Hirnstamm
Authors: ten Tusscher Marcel
Published: October 2017

Über eine Zeitspanne von 150 Mio. Jahren entwickelten sich die Säugetiere, Vögel und modernen Reptilien aus den Urreptilien. Greifvögel und ein Teil der Säugetiere haben frontal ausgerichtete Orbitae. Damit konnten, auf Kosten eines geringeren Gesichtsfelds, korrespondierendes Binokularsehen, spontane Augenbewegungen, die Auge-Hand-Koordination, eine ungekreuzte Sehbahn und Verbindungen zwischen den Großhirnhemisphären entstehen. Die folgende Größenzunahme der Großhirnrinde und der Hemisphärenverbindungen spielen dabei eine wichtige Rolle für das Binokularsehen und das frühkindliche Schielen. Wir haben die Verbindungen der Hemisphären über das Corpus callosum und die vordere Kommissur bei infantiler Esotropie, Corpus-callosum-Unterentwicklung und bei Kontrollprobanden mittels Diffusion Tensor Imaging und Traktografie untersucht. Abweichende Leitungsbahnen aus V1 und V2, die durch die vordere Kommissur liefen, konnten bei einem Probanden mit Corpus-callosum-Unterentwicklung nachgewiesen werden. Die anderen Individuen zeigten visuelle Verbindungen der Hemisphären einzig durch das Corpus callosum. Bei den Individuen mit infantiler Esotropie waren die visuellen Fasern des Corpus callosum zahlreicher und nicht wie bei Normalprobanden auf den visuellen Bereich eng um die vertikale Mittellinie beschränkt. Sehbahnen von Lebewesen mit korrespondierendem Binokularsehen zeigen typischerweise auch ungekreuzte Fasern der retinalen Ganglienzellen und verbindende Fasern zwischen den Hemisphären. Um die Seheindrücke der überlappenden Gesichtsfeldbereiche beider Augen zu fusionieren, verbinden sich die ungekreuzten, der temporalen Netzhaut entsprechenden Leitungsbahnen mit der kontralateralen Hemisphäre über die interhemisphärischen Verbindungen. Die primäre Verbindung zwischen den Hemisphären bei plazentalen Säugetieren ist das Corpus callosum, während diese Rolle bei anderen Tieren der vorderen Kommissur zukommt. Das würde bedeuten, dass eine beeinträchtigte Entwicklung des Binokularsehens direkt auf die Entwicklung der Leitungsbahnen der ungekreuzt projizierenden Ganglienzellen und der hemisphärenverbindenden Fasern wirkt. Dies deutet auf eine Entwicklungskonkurrenz zwischen den beiden Kommissuren mit dem Corpus callosum hin, die unter normalen und den meisten pathologischen Bedingungen die Kommissuren bevorzugt. Deshalb kann sich auch bei einer Unterentwicklung des Corpus callosum über die vordere Kommissur Binokularität entwickeln. Wenn diese Entwicklung der kortikalen Binokularität scheitert, bleibt eine gekreuzte Dominanz in den Kernen des Hirnstamms vorhanden. Diese gekreuzte Dominanz hat ein dissoziiertes Schielen als Folge.
Thermodynamics of quasi-2D electron gas at BFO/Si interface probed with THz time-domain spectroscopy
Authors: Liu Xiankuan , Zhang Jiadong , Zhang Zeyu , Lin Xian , Yu Yang , Xing Xiao , Jin Zuanming , Cheng Zhenxiang , Ma Guohong
Published: October 2017

An interface is constructed based on a bismuth ferrite oxide (BFO) thin film and p-type silicon, and the temperature dependence of the interface properties has been studied systematically using terahertz time-domain spectroscopy. The BFO/Si interface exhibits quasi-two-dimension electron gas (2DEG) transport in the temperature range of 80 to 140 K: the electrons at the interface possess large electron mobility (∼106 cm2/V s) and long scattering time (∼100 ps). As the temperature is higher than 140 K, an abrupt decrease in THz interface conductivity is observed due to the breakdown of the 2DEG induced by the surface phase transition in the BFO thin film. Our result reveals that the interface formed between BFO and Si provides a special platform for designing and fabricating THz photonic devices.
Calibration of neutron detectors on the Joint European Torus
Authors: Batistoni Paola , Popovichev S. , Conroy S. , Lengar I. , Čufar A. , Abhangi M. , Snoj L. , Horton L. ,   JET Contributors
Published: October 2017

The present paper describes the findings of the calibration of the neutron yield monitors on the Joint European Torus (JET) performed in 2013 using a 252Cf source deployed inside the torus by the remote handling system, with particular regard to the calibration of fission chambers which provide the time resolved neutron yield from JET plasmas. The experimental data obtained in toroidal, radial, and vertical scans are presented. These data are first analysed following an analytical approach adopted in the previous neutron calibrations at JET. In this way, a calibration function for the volumetric plasma source is derived which allows us to understand the importance of the different plasma regions and of different spatial profiles of neutron emissivity on fission chamber response. Neutronics analyses have also been performed to calculate the correction factors needed to derive the plasma calibration factors taking into account the different energy spectrum and angular emission distribution of the calibrating (point) 252Cf source, the discrete positions compared to the plasma volumetric source, and the calibration circumstances. All correction factors are presented and discussed. We discuss also the lessons learnt which are the basis for the on-going 14 MeV neutron calibration at JET and for ITER.
Inductance position sensor for pneumatic cylinder
Authors: Ripka Pavel , Chirtsov Andrey , Mirzaei Mehran , Vyhnanek Jan
Published: October 2017

The position of the piston in pneumatic cylinder with aluminum wall can be measured by external inductance sensor without modifications of the aluminum piston and massive iron piston rod. For frequencies below 20 Hz the inductance is increasing with inserting rod due to the rod permeability. This mode has disadvantage of slow response to piston movement and also high temperature sensitivity. At the frequency of 45 Hz the inductance is position independent, as the permeability effect is compensated by the eddy current effect. At higher frequencies eddy current effects in the rod prevail, the inductance is decreasing with inserting rod. In this mode the sensitivity is smaller but the sensor response is fast and temperature stability is better. We show that FEM simulation of this sensor using measured material properties gives accurate results, which is important for the sensor optimization such as designing the winding geometry for the best linearity.
Inertial mass sensing with low Q-factor vibrating microcantilevers
Authors: Adhikari S.
Published: October 2017

Mass sensing using micromechanical cantilever oscillators has been established as a promising approach. The scientific principle underpinning this technique is the shift in the resonance frequency caused by the additional mass in the dynamic system. This approach relies on the fact that the Q-factor of the underlying oscillator is high enough so that it does not significantly affect the resonance frequencies. We consider the case when the Q-factor is low to the extent that the effect of damping is prominent. It is shown that the mass sensing can be achieved using a shift in the damping factor. We prove that the shift in the damping factor is of the same order as that of the resonance frequency. Based on this crucial observation, three new approaches have been proposed, namely, (a) mass sensing using frequency shifts in the complex plane, (b) mass sensing from damped free vibration response in the time domain, and (c) mass sensing from the steady-state response in the frequency domain. Explicit closed-form expressions relating absorbed mass with changes in the measured dynamic properties have been derived. The rationale behind each new method has been explained using non-dimensional graphical illustrations. The new mass sensing approaches using damped dynamic characteristics can expand the current horizon of micromechanical sensing by incorporating a wide range of additional measurements.
Investigation of magnetic flux transport and shock formation in a staged Z-pinch
Authors: Narkis J. , Rahman H. U. , Wessel F. J. , Beg F. N.
Published: October 2017

Target preheating is an integral component of magnetized inertial fusion in reducing convergence ratio. In the staged Z-pinch concept, it is achieved via one or more shocks. Previous work [Narkis et al., Phys. Plasmas 23, 122706 (2016)] found that shock formation in the target occurred earlier in higher-Z liners due to faster flux transport to the target/liner interface. However, a corresponding increase in magnitude of magnetic pressure was not observed, and target implosion velocity (and therefore shock strength) remained unchanged. To investigate other means of increasing the magnitude of transported flux, a Korteweg-de Vries-Burgers equation from the 1-D single-fluid, resistive magnetohydrodynamic equations is obtained. Solutions to the nondispersive (i.e., Burgers) equation depend on nondimensional coefficients, whose dependence on liner density, temperature, etc., suggests an increase in target implosion velocity, and therefore shock strength, can be obtained by tailoring the mass of a single-liner gas puff to a double-liner configuration. In the selected test cases of 1-D simulated implosions of krypton on deuterium, the peak Mach number increased from ∼5 to ∼8. While a notable increase was seen, Mach numbers exceeding 10 (implosion velocities exceeding ∼25 cm/μs) are necessary for adequate shock preheating.
Superfast domain walls in KTP single crystals
Authors: Shur V. Ya. , Esin A. A. , Alam M. A. , Akhmatkhanov A. R.
Published: October 2017

Potassium titanyl phosphate KTiOPO4 (KTP) crystals with periodical ferroelectric domain structures are one of the most promising materials for nonlinear optics, in which the main types of nonlinear optical interactions have been demonstrated. Despite the crucial importance of the in situ visualization of domain structure kinetics for creation of high quality periodical domain gratings, there are only a few works concerning KTP. We present the results of in situ visualization of domain kinetics in KTP with the time resolution down to 12.5 μs and simultaneous recording of the switching current data. The wide range of wall velocities with two orders of magnitude difference was observed for switching in a uniform electric field. The kinetic maps allowed analyzing the spatial distribution of wall motion velocities and classifying the walls by velocity ranges. The distinguished slow, fast, and superfast types of domain walls differed by their orientation. It was shown that the fast and slow domain walls provided the smooth input to the switching current, whereas the short-lived superfast walls resulted in short current peaks. The mobility and the threshold fields for all types of domain walls were estimated. The revealed increase in the wall velocity with deviation from low-index crystallographic planes for slow and fast walls was considered in terms of determined step generation and anisotropic kink motion. The obtained results are important for further development of domain engineering in KTP required for creation of high power, reliable, and effective coherent light sources.
Spectroscopic studies of chiral perovskite nanocrystals
Authors: He Tingchao , Li Junzi , Li Xingrong , Ren Can , Luo Yu , Zhao Fenghuan , Chen Rui , Lin Xiaodong , Zhang Junmin
Published: October 2017

As an emerging type of optically active material, semiconductor nanocrystals (NCs) stabilized by chiral molecules have attracted much attention. Owing to the wide range of potential applications of chiral perovskite NCs, the development of these materials is of great importance, but there has been a lack of relevant studies. Here, we describe an investigation of the properties of chiral perovskite NCs obtained using post-synthetic ligand exchange (achiral ligand/chiral ligand). These are found to exhibit mirror-image circular dichroism spectra. It is the chirality of the ligand (enantiomeric 1,2-diaminocyclohexane, DACH) that is most likely responsible for the induction of chiroptical activity in these NCs. Furthermore, their chiroptical properties and the corresponding mechanisms are found to depend strongly on the amount of capping ligand. When excess DACH is used to cap the surface of the NCs, their chiroptical properties are induced mainly by aggregation of DACH on the surface in a chiral pattern. In contrast, when small amounts of DACH are used for the capping, it is mainly surface distortion (or defects) and electronic interaction mechanisms that contribute to the chiroptical behavior of the NCs. In both cases, the anisotropy factors of the NCs are of the order of 10−3, which is comparable to or larger than the values reported for other chiral semiconductor and metal NCs. This work opens the door toward further understanding of chiroptical perovskite NCs and their potential applications.
Landau damping of electrostatic modes in nonthermal plasmas
Authors: Hadi Fazli , Ata-ur-Rahman  , Qamar Anisa
Published: October 2017

The dispersion relation (DR) and Landau damping of basic electrostatic modes propagating in an electron-ion plasma modeled by a Cairn's distribution with a spectral index α are kinetically investigated. In the high-frequency range, i.e., ω/k>vte, the DR and Landau damping of the electron Langmuir wave (LW) are obtained. In the low-frequency range where vte>ω/k>vti, the DR of ion acoustic wave (IAW) is investigated. The phase velocity and damping of both the Langmuir and the IAWs are shown to be significantly influenced by the nonthermality parameter α.
Derivation of complex cubic response function to guide development of nonlinear optical molecular materials
Authors: Kim Meeri
Published: October 2017

Fahleson and Norman derive nonlinear optical response function and provide numerical examples featuring para-nitroaniline and neon, with results relevant for future X-ray free electron laser molecular materials studies.
Species richness of jellyfishes (Scyphozoa : Discomedusae) in the Tropical Eastern Pacific: missed taxa, molecules, and morphology match in a biodiversity hotspot
Authors: Gómez Daglio Liza , Dawson Michael N
Published: October 2017

Species richness in the seas has been underestimated due to the combined challenges presented by the taxonomic impediment, delimitation of species, preponderance of cryptic species, and uneven sampling effort. The mismatch between actual and estimated diversity varies by region and by taxon, leaving open questions such as: are hotspots for well-known taxa also hotspots for poorly known taxa? We address these challenges and this question for shallow-water scyphozoan jellyfishes in the Tropical Eastern Pacific (TEP). We increased sampling effort at 34 coastal locations along the TEP, and combined analyses of four molecular markers and up to 53 morphological characters. We applied phylogenetic analyses under Bayesian and maximum likelihood frameworks, barcoding, and statistical multivariate analyses of morphological data to estimate species richness. Where only five Discomedusae were reported previously, we found a total of 25 species. Of these, 22 species are new to science, two are non-indigenous, and one is a previous record; the other four prior records had been misidentified. The new discoveries evince the need to evaluate the evolutionary relationships with neighbouring regions to understand fully the origins of jellyfish diversity in the TEP and will lead to revision of the systematics and taxonomy of Scyphozoa.
Ectopic expression of Pax4 in pancreatic δ cells results in β-like cell neogenesis
Authors: Druelle Noémie , Vieira Andhira , Shabro Aidin , Courtney Monica , Mondin Magali , Rekima Samah , Napolitano Tiziana , Silvano Serena , Navarro-Sanz Sergi , Hadzic Biljana , Avolio Fabio , Rassoulzadegan Minoo , Schmid Herbert A. , Mansouri Ahmed , Collombat Patrick
Published: October 2017

The recent demonstration that pancreatic α cells can be continuously regenerated and converted into β-like cells upon ectopic expression of Pax4 opened new avenues of research in the endocrine cell differentiation and diabetes fields. To determine whether such plasticity was also shared by δ cells, we generated and characterized transgenic animals that express Pax4 specifically in somatostatin-expressing cells. We demonstrate that the ectopic expression of Pax4 in δ cells is sufficient to induce their conversion into functional β-like cells. Importantly, this conversion induces compensatory mechanisms involving the reactivation of endocrine developmental processes that result in dramatic β-like cell hyperplasia. Importantly, these β-like cells are functional and can partly reverse the consequences of chemically induced diabetes.
Phosphorylation regulates connexin43/ZO-1 binding and release, an important step in gap junction turnover
Authors: Thévenin Anastasia F. , Margraf Rachel A. , Fisher Charles G. , Kells-Andrews Rachael M. , Falk Matthias M.
Published: October 2017

To investigate whether connexin phosphorylation regulates the known role of zonula occludens-1 protein (ZO-1) in gap junction (GJ) function, we generated and analyzed a series of phosphomimetic and phosphorylation-dead mutants by mutating known conserved regulatory serine (S) residues 255, 279/282, 365, 368, and 373 located in the C-terminal domain of connexin43 (Cx43) into glutamic acid (E) or alanine (A) residues. All connexin mutants were translated into stable, full-length proteins and assembled into GJs when expressed in HeLa or Madin–Darby canine kidney epithelial cells. However, mutants with S residues exchanged at positions 365, 368, and 373 exhibited a significantly altered ZO-1 interaction profile, while mutants with S residues exchanged at 255 and 279/282 did not. Unlike wild-type Cx43, in which ZO-1 binding is restricted to the periphery of GJ plaques, S365A, S365E, S368A, S368E, and S373A mutants bound ZO-1 throughout the GJ plaques, while the S373E mutant did not bind ZO-1 at all. Inability to disengage from ZO-1 correlated with increased GJ plaque size and increased connexin protein half-life, while maintaining GJ channels in an open, functional state. Quantitative clathrin-binding analyses revealed no significant alterations in clathrin-binding efficiency, suggesting that the inability to disengage from ZO-1 prevented maturation of functional into nonfunctional/endocytic channels, rather than ZO-1 interfering with GJ endocytosis directly. Collectively, our results indicate that ZO-1 binding regulates channel accrual, while disengagement from ZO-1 is critical for GJ channel closure and transitioning GJ channels for endocytosis. Intriguingly, these transitional ZO-1 binding/release and channel-aging steps are mediated by a series of hierarchical phosphorylation/dephosphorylation events at S373, S365, and S368, well-known Cx43 Akt, protein kinase A, and protein kinase C phosphorylation sites located in the vicinity of the ZO-1 binding site.
Tubulin isoform composition tunes microtubule dynamics
Authors: Vemu Annapurna , Atherton Joseph , Spector Jeffrey O. , Moores Carolyn A. , Roll-Mecak Antonina
Published: October 2017

Microtubules polymerize and depolymerize stochastically, a behavior essential for cell division, motility, and differentiation. While many studies advanced our understanding of how microtubule-associated proteins tune microtubule dynamics in trans, we have yet to understand how tubulin genetic diversity regulates microtubule functions. The majority of in vitro dynamics studies are performed with tubulin purified from brain tissue. This preparation is not representative of tubulin found in many cell types. Here we report the 4.2-Å cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) structure and in vitro dynamics parameters of α1B/βI+βIVb microtubules assembled from tubulin purified from a human embryonic kidney cell line with isoform composition characteristic of fibroblasts and many immortalized cell lines. We find that these microtubules grow faster and transition to depolymerization less frequently compared with brain microtubules. Cryo-EM reveals that the dynamic ends of α1B/βI+βIVb microtubules are less tapered and that these tubulin heterodimers display lower curvatures. Interestingly, analysis of EB1 distributions at dynamic ends suggests no differences in GTP cap sizes. Last, we show that the addition of recombinant α1A/βIII tubulin, a neuronal isotype overexpressed in many tumors, proportionally tunes the dynamics of α1B/βI+βIVb microtubules. Our study is an important step toward understanding how tubulin isoform composition tunes microtubule dynamics.
Intradialytic Hypertension Frequency and Short-Term Clinical Outcomes Among Individuals Receiving Maintenance Hemodialysis
Authors: Assimon Magdalene M , Wang Lily , Flythe Jennifer E
Published: October 2017

BACKGROUND

Intradialytic hypertension occurs in 5–20% of hemodialysis treatments. Observational data support an association between intradialytic hypertension and long-term mortality. However, the short-term consequences of recurrent intradialytic hypertension are unknown.

METHODS

Data were taken from a cohort of prevalent hemodialysis patients receiving treatment at a large United States dialysis organization on 1 January 2010. A retrospective cohort design with a 180-day baseline, 30-day exposure assessment, and 30-day follow-up period was used to estimate the associations between intradialytic hypertension frequency and 30-day outcomes. Intradialytic hypertension frequency was defined as the proportion of exposure period hemodialysis treatments with a predialysis to postdialysis systolic blood pressure rise >0 mm Hg. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression, adjusted for baseline clinical, laboratory, and dialysis treatment covariates, was used to estimate hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals.

RESULTS

Of the 37,094 study patients, 5,242 (14.1%), 17,965 (48.4%), 10,821 (29.2%), 3,066 (8.3%) had intradialytic hypertension in 0%, 1–32%, 33–66%, and ≥67% of exposure period treatments, respectively. More frequent intradialytic hypertension was associated with incremental increases in 30-day mortality and hospitalizations. Patients with intradialytic hypertension in ≥67% (vs. 0%) of exposure period treatments had the highest risk of all-cause death, hazard ratio [95% confidence interval]: 2.57 [1.68, 3.94]; cardiovascular (CV) death, 3.68 [1.89, 7.15]; all-cause hospitalizations, 1.42 [1.26, 1.62]; CV hospitalizations, 1.71 [1.36, 2.15]; and volume-related hospitalizations, 2.25 [1.25, 4.04].

CONCLUSIONS

Among prevalent hemodialysis patients, more frequent intradialytic hypertension was incrementally associated with increased 30-day morbidity and mortality. Intradialytic hypertension may be an important short-term risk marker in the hemodialysis population.
SAGE2: parallel human genome assembly
Authors: Molnar Michael , Haghshenas Ehsan , Ilie Lucian
Published: October 2017

De novo genome assembly of next-generation sequencing data is a fundamental problem in bioinformatics. There are many programs that assemble small genomes, but very few can assemble whole human genomes. We present a new algorithm for parallel overlap graph construction, which is capable of assembling human genomes and improves upon the current state-of-the-art in genome assembly.

Availability and implementation

SAGE2 is written in C ++ and OpenMP and is freely available (under the GPL 3.0 license) at github.com/lucian-ilie/SAGE2.

Supplementary information

Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
“Lost to Follow-up” Among Adult Cancer Survivors
Authors: Gill Amitoj , Gosain Rohit , Bhandari Shruti , Gosain Rahul , Gill Gurkirat , Abraham Joseph , Miller Kenneth
Published: October 2017

Background:

Follow-up cancer care is important for patients who have received IV chemotherapy but some patients discontinue their care and are lost to follow-up (LFU) at the cancer center where they were treated. The purpose of this study was to determine what proportion of cancer survivors are LFU at 5 years after treatment, the timing of LFU, and the characteristics of those who do not continue survivorship care.

Methods:

Adult patients with cancer who were treated with chemotherapy at a large community teaching hospital in 2006 and 2007 were identified and linked with State tumor registry data. Hospital medical records were reviewed to obtain information on demographics, diagnosis, treatment, and date of last follow-up visit. Characteristics of patients with ≥5 years of follow-up care were compared with those who were LFU.

Results:

In total, 487 patients received chemotherapy and 304 died (62%) during the 5-year follow-up period. Among the 183 cancer patients who were known to be alive at 5 years, 92 (50%) were LFU and 50% (46/92) of this LFU group were LFU within 1 year of diagnosis. At 5 years, follow-up care was continuing for 55% of women, compared with 39% of men. The highest proportion of follow-up was observed among lung cancer patients (84%), followed by patients with breast cancers (63%) and gastrointestinal cancers (40%). Patients with hematological cancers had the lowest follow-up proportion at 5 years (29%) (P<0.05). Follow-up was not significantly associated with age (P=0.48), insurance status(P=0.29), and race(P=0.06).

Conclusions:

It is estimated that 65% of the cancer survivors in the United States are ≥5 years beyond their diagnosis but there is little data on oncology follow-up rates. In our retrospective study of 183 patients who were treated with chemotherapy only 49.7% continue to follow-up at their treatment center. LFU has important implications in planning long-term care strategies for cancer survivors and in survivorship research.
Adolescent Perceptions of Peer Responses to Diabetes Self-Management: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Yang Pei-Yun , Lou Meei-Fang , Lien Angela Shin-Yu , Gau Bih-Shya
Published: October 2017

Background:

Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is more prevalent in adolescents than in adults, and the self-management of insulin-dependent diabetes is complex. T1D requires injections of insulin, self-management of blood testing, regular physical activity, and diet monitoring, which are challenging for growing and developing adolescents. Adolescents are often more concerned with how they are perceived by their peers than how they perceive themselves. Positive peer responses influence the self-care management of adolescents with T1D in school settings. By contrast, negative peer responses and avoidance behaviors threaten to negatively affect the health outcomes of adolescents with T1D. Evidence indicates that peer influence is crucial to the successful self-management of diabetes in adolescents. However, very few studies have investigated the effect of peer influence on adolescents with T1D.

Purpose:

This article describes how adolescents with T1D perceive the responses of their peers to their diabetes self-management in school settings.

Methods:

Ten 12- to 17-year-old adolescents with diabetes were recruited from a pediatric endocrinology clinic at a university hospital in Taiwan. Audio-recorded interview data were transcribed verbatim and reviewed for accuracy. A thematic analysis approach was used to analyze the narrative content of semistructured interviews with participants. The rigor of the data collection and analysis was emphasized.

Results:

Analysis of peer responses to the diabetes care practices of the participants revealed six themes: knowledge seeking, curiosity, enthusiasm, empathy, fearfulness, and isolation and bullying. Subthemes were categorized to illustrate how adolescents with T1D balance the challenge of diabetes self-care regimens and normal peer interactions. They were coping with the requirements of their T1D regimen and hoping to determine the perceptions of their peers toward this regimen and themselves.

Conclusions/Implications for Practice:

Understanding the perception of peer identity for adolescents with T1D provides information for diabetes education and assists school nurses to facilitate successful T1D management in adolescents.