bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Novel Anti-TM4SF1 Antibody–Drug Conjugates with Activity against Tumor Cells and Tumor Vasculature
Authors: Visintin Alberto , Knowlton Kelly , Tyminski Edyta , Lin Chi-Iou , Zheng Xiang , Marquette Kimberly , Jain Sadhana , Tchistiakova Lioudmila , Li Dan , O'Donnell Christopher J. , Maderna Andreas , Cao Xianjun , Dunn Robert , Snyder William B. , Abraham Anson K. , Leal Mauricio , Shetty Shoba , Barry Anthony , Zawel Leigh , Coyle Anthony J. , Dvorak Harold F. , Jaminet Shou-Ching
Published: June 2015

Antibody–drug conjugates (ADC) represent a promising therapeutic modality for managing cancer. Here, we report a novel humanized ADC that targets the tetraspanin-like protein TM4SF1. TM4SF1 is highly expressed on the plasma membranes of many human cancer cells and also on the endothelial cells lining tumor blood vessels. TM4SF1 is internalized upon interaction with antibodies. We hypothesized that an ADC against TM4SF1 would inhibit cancer growth directly by killing cancer cells and indirectly by attacking the tumor vasculature. We generated a humanized anti-human TM4SF1 monoclonal antibody, v1.10, and armed it with an auristatin cytotoxic agent LP2 (chemical name mc-3377). v1.10-LP2 selectively killed cultured human tumor cell lines and human endothelial cells that express TM4SF1. Acting as a single agent, v1.10-LP2 induced complete regression of several TM4SF1-expressing tumor xenografts in nude mice, including non–small cell lung cancer and pancreas, prostate, and colon cancers. As v1.10 did not react with mouse TM4SF1, it could not target the mouse tumor vasculature. Therefore, we generated a surrogate anti-mouse TM4SF1 antibody, 2A7A, and conjugated it to LP2. At 3 mpk, 2A7A-LP2 regressed several tumor xenografts without noticeable toxicity. Combination therapy with v1.10-LP2 and 2A7A-LP2 together was more effective than either ADC alone. These data provide proof-of-concept that TM4SF1-targeting ADCs have potential as anticancer agents with dual action against tumor cells and the tumor vasculature. Such agents could offer exceptional therapeutic value and warrant further investigation. Mol Cancer Ther; 14(8); 1868–76. ©2015 AACR.
A Two-Phase Pathogenetic Model of Depression after Stroke
Authors: Werheid Katja
Published: June 2015

Depression is among the major long-term complications of cerebral stroke. Occurring in about 30% of all stroke survivors, ‘poststroke depression' (PSD) is known to be associated with prolonged recovery, reduced quality of life, and increased mortality. Research over the past 25 years has enlarged our knowledge about organic and psychosocial risk factors, but their interaction is still unclear. In this paper, we start by reviewing and discussing pathogenetic PSD models that were proposed in the 1980s and 1990s. Based on these earlier approaches and on longitudinal research published since that time, a biphasic model is proposed that reflects the current knowledge on the emergence of PSD. The model integrates premorbid, stroke-related and psychosocial risk factors contributing to the emergence of PSD within the first 2 years after stroke. The distinction between ‘reactive' and ‘organic' PSD has been dropped, and groups of well-documented predictors are recommended for future research. Finally, we will outline possible implications of the model for prevention and therapy.
Intermittent Stretching and Osteogenic Differentiation of Bone Marrow Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells via the p38MAPK-Osterix Signaling Pathway
Authors: Xiao Wen-lin , Zhang Dai-zun , Fan Cun-hui , Yu Bao-jun
Published: June 2015

Aims: The relationship between the p38MAPK signaling pathway and osterix in osteogenic differentiation of BMMSCs subjected to intermittent stretching was investigated. Methods: BMMSCs derived from C57BL/6J mice were divided into the following groups: 1) control, 2) stretch, and 3) SB203580+stretch (SB203580 is a p38MAPK signal pathway inhibitor). BMMSCs were exposed to an intermittent mechanical strain of 0.8% (8000μ strain) at 0.5 Hz, twice a day for 30 min each application. BMMSCs were harvested on days 1, 3, and 5 post-treatment. The expression of ALP, COL I, OCN, and osterix mRNA was assessed utilizing RT-PCR while the expression of P-p38MAPK and osterix protein was assessed by Western blot analysis. The osterix gene in mouse BMMSCs was knocked down using RNAi technology and its protein expression was also assessed by Western blot. RT-PCR was used to detect ALP, COL I, and OCN mRNA expression. Results: Intermittent stretching was found to promote expression of ALP, COL I, OCN, and osterix mRNA. Silencing the osterix gene was found to reduce levels of ALP, COL I, and OCN mRNA. Western blot analysis demonstrated that the levels of osterix and P-p38MAPK proteins in the stretch group were significantly higher than in the control group (P<0.05). There was less expression of ALP, COL I, OCN, and osterix mRNA in the SB203580+stretch group than in the control and stretch groups. Conclusions: Data demonstrate that intermittent stretching promotes osteogenic differentiation of BMMSCs, and the p38MAPK-osterix pathway has an important role in the control of osteogenesis-related gene expression.
Phosphatidylinositol Induces Caspase-Independent Apoptosis of Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma Cells by Accumulating AIF in the Nucleus
Authors: Kanemura Shingo , Tsuchiya Ayako , Kanno Takeshi , Nakano Takashi , Nishizaki Tomoyuki
Published: June 2015

Background/Aims: Phosphatidylinositol (PI) regulates a variety of cell processes. The present study investigated the antitumor action of 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-(1'-myo-inositol)(DOPI) and 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-(1'-myo-inositol)(DPPI) on human malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) cell lines such as NCI-H28, NCI-H2052, NCI-H2452, and MSTO-211H cells. Methods: MTT assay, TUNEL staining, flow cytometry using propidium iodide (PI) and annexin V (AV), enzymatic caspase assay, and nuclear staining using DAPI were carried out, and mitochondrial membrane potentials and intracellular distribution of apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF) were monitored in cells with and without the siRNA silencing the Bid-targeted gene. Results: Both DOPI and DPPI reduced cell viability for all the investigated MPM cell lines in a concentration (0.01-100 µM)-dependent manner. DOPI and DPPI significantly increased TUNEL-positive cells and the population of PI-negative/AV-positive and PI-positive/AV-positive cells, corresponding to early apoptosis and late apoptosis/secondary necrosis, respectively. DOPI and DPPI perturbed mitochondrial membrane potentials in MSTO-211H cells, but no significant activation of caspase-3, -4, -8, and -9 was obtained. DOPI and DPPI upregulated expression of Bid in MSTO-211H cells. DOPI and DPPI significantly increased nuclear localization of AIF without affecting expression of the mRNAs and proteins in MSTO-211H cells, which was inhibited by knocking-down Bid. In the DAPI staining, nuclear fragmentation and condensation were found. Conclusion: The results of the present study indicate that DOPI and DPPI facilitate Bid-mediated AIF release from the mitochondria, to accumulate AIF in the nucleus and induce caspase-independent apoptosis of MPM cells.
Inactivation of Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases by Peracids Correlates with the Hydrocarbon Chain Length
Authors: Kuban-Jankowska Alicja , Gorska Magdalena , Tuszynski Jack A. , Churchill Cassandra D. M. , Winter Philip , Klobukowski Mariusz , Wozniak Michal
Published: June 2015

Background/Aims: Protein tyrosine phosphatases are crucial enzymes controlling numerous physiological and pathophysiological events and can be regulated by oxidation of the catalytic domain cysteine residue. Peracids are highly oxidizing compounds, and thus may induce inactivation of PTPs. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the inhibitory effect of peracids with different length of hydrocarbon chain on the activity of selected PTPs. Methods: The enzymatic activity of human CD45, PTP1B, LAR, bacterial YopH was assayed under the cell-free conditions, and activity of cellular CD45 in human Jurkat cell lysates. The molecular docking and molecular dynamics were performed to evaluate the peracids binding to the CD45 active site. Results: Here we demonstrate that peracids reduce enzymatic activity of recombinant CD45, PTP1B, LAR, YopH and cellular CD45. Our studies indicate that peracids are more potent inhibitors of CD45 than hydrogen peroxide (with an IC50 value equal to 25 nM for peroctanoic acid and 8 µM for hydrogen peroxide). The experimental data show that the inactivation caused by peracids is dependent on hydrocarbon chain length of peracids with maximum inhibitory effect of medium-chain peracids (C8-C12 acyl chain), which correlates with calculated binding affinities to the CD45 active site. Conclusion: Peracids are potent inhibitors of PTPs with the strongest inhibitory effect observed for medium-chain peracids.
Vitamin D Supplementation Does Not Improve the Severity or the Resolution of Ultraviolet B-Induced Acute Erythema
Authors: Libon Florence , Seidel Laurence , Cavalier Etienne , Nikkels Arjen F.
Published: June 2015

Background: Whether vitamin D supplementation alleviates the severity of ultraviolet B (UVB)-induced erythema and/or facilitates its resolution remains undetermined. Objective: To study the effect of oral vitamin D on UVB-induced erythema and its resolution in fair-skinned subjects. Methods: UVB-induced erythema was quantified using a Chroma Meter® in 50 volunteers 48 h before and 10 days after the random administration of 200,000 IU vitamin D (n = 40) or placebo (n = 10). Resolution of erythema in both groups was assessed by chromametry 24, 48, and 72 h after vitamin D administration. Results: No statistical difference between erythema values before and after administration in the vitamin D-supplemented group (p = 0.44) or the placebo group (p = 0.34) was noted. No statistical difference was evident between both groups with respect to resolution of erythema (p = 0.30). Conclusion: Oral vitamin D supplementation neither improves protection against UVB-induced erythema nor facilitates its resolution.
Comparison of the Effectiveness and Prognostic Factors of Intravitreal Ranibizumab between Typical Neovascular Age-Related Macular Degeneration and Polypoidal Choroidal Vasculopathy over 24 Months of Follow-Up
Authors: Matsumiya Wataru , Honda Shigeru , Otsuka Keiko , Miki Akiko , Nagai Takayuki , Imai Hisanori , Kusuhara Sentaro , Nakamura Makoto
Published: June 2015

Purpose: To compare the response to ranibizumab between patients with typical neovascular age-related macular degeneration (tAMD) and those with polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy (PCV), and to determine the predictors for the outcomes. Methods: Fifty-nine eyes from 59 consecutive patients (tAMD: 27 eyes, PCV: 32 eyes) were treated with three monthly ranibizumab injections followed by as-needed retreatment. Best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and morphological parameters were evaluated over 24 months of follow-up. Results: The mean BCVA in tAMD and PCV patients was significantly improved at 3 months (-0.22 and -0.09 logMAR units, respectively). The improvement in BCVA was sustained up to 24 months in tAMD (p = 0.01) but not in PCV patients. The significant predictor for good response to ranibizumab in tAMD patients was the improvement of BCVA at 3 months, whereas that in PCV patients was the anatomical resolution at 3 months. Conclusions: Ranibizumab is an effective therapy for tAMD and PCV over 24 months. The predictors for good outcome might be different between tAMD and PCV.
Automated Peritoneal Dialysis is Suitable for Polycystic Kidney Disease Patients with End-Stage Renal Disease
Authors: Li Xiao , Ren Hong , Xie Jingyuan , Huang Xiao-Min , Zhang Chun-Yan , Chen Nan
Published: June 2015

A female patient with polycystic kidney disease (PKD) was treated with automated peritoneal dialysis when she reached end-stage renal disease. The patient has been doing very well on automated peritoneal dialysis (APD) for almost 6 years without peritonitis or abdominal hernias. Intra-abdominal pressures are lower in the supine position than in an erect or sitting position. Larger volumes of dialysate are better tolerated while the patient is supine, as during nocturnal APD. Therefore, APD is an option of the renal replacement therapy for patients with PKD.
Usefulness of the Exhaled Breath Temperature Plateau in Asthma Patients
Authors: Crespo Lessmann Astrid , Giner Jordi , Torrego Alfons , Mateus Eder , Torrejón Montserrat , Belda Alicia , Plaza Vicente
Published: June 2015

Background: Exhaled breath temperature (EBT) has recently been proposed as a noninvasive marker of bronchial inflammation in patients with asthma. However, the usefulness of EBT in everyday clinical practice is not well established. Results to date are contradictory and are mainly derived from small, pediatric populations. A comparison of results is further complicated by the use of different equipment and measurements. Objective: We performed a comprehensive study to determine whether EBT is related to asthma control, disease severity, bronchial obstruction, or bronchial inflammation. Methods: Sixty-nine patients on maintenance treatment for asthma were included in a cross-sectional study. At the same visit, we measured the EBT plateau (EBTp) using an X-halo Breath Thermometer (Delmedica, Singapore), the fraction of exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO), spirometry, and inflammatory cell count in induced sputum, and we administered the Asthma Control Test questionnaire. Results: No significant differences were found between EBTp measurements and the level of asthma control, disease severity, bronchial obstruction, FeNO levels, or inflammatory asthma phenotypes. We found a significant difference between EBTp and gender. The EBTp was 34.07°C (SD 0.74) in women and 34.38°C (0.46) in men (p = 0.038). We also found a significant correlation between EBTp measurements and the induced sputum eosinophil count (R = -0.348, p = 0.003). Conclusions: The results of this study do not support the usefulness of the EBTp in asthma management in routine clinical practice. Further research using standardized methods is needed to determine the potential use of the EBTp measurement in asthma management.
Vascular Calcification Progression Is an Independent Predictor of Mortality in Patients on Haemodialysis
Authors: Jean Guillaume , Mayor Brice , Deleaval Patrik , Lorriaux Christie , Hurot Jean-Marc , Bresson Eric , Chazot Charles
Published: June 2015

Background: We previously reported that vascular calcification (VC) score was associated with mortality in patients on haemodialysis (HD) and that a high serum level of parathyroid hormone (PTH) and fibroblast growth factor (FGF)-23 were the only factors associated with VC progression. Aim: To assess the impact of VC progression on HD patient survival. Methods: The study cohort including 85 HD patients studied between 2006 and 2007 and between 2009 and 2010 was divided into patients with VC progression (PG+, n = 38) and no-progression (PG-, n = 47), based on VC scores measured twice at 3-year intervals (VC1 and VC2). Patients were followed during 3 additional years. Results: Kaplan-Meier analysis determined that PG+ displayed increased mortality (hazard ratio (HR): 2.4; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.12-4.8; p = 0.03). This result was confirmed using a Cox proportional hazards model adjusted for age, dialysis duration, the VC1 score, and the mean FGF-23 and iPTH serum levels (HR: 2.7; 95% CI: 1.12-6.6; p = 0.02). Conclusion: VC progression is associated with poor survival in patients on HD, irrespective of a patient's baseline VC score.
Dermoscopic Features of Onychomatricoma: A Study of 34 Cases
Authors: Lesort Cecile , Debarbieux Sébastien , Duru Gerard , Dalle Stephane , Poulhalon Nicolas , Thomas Luc
Published: June 2015

Background: Onychomatricoma is a benign tumor of the nail matrix with a precise histopathological definition but many different clinical features and differential diagnoses. Objectives: The diagnosis of onychomatricoma is based on the pathological examination of a surgical specimen. The objective of this study was to define preoperative diagnostic criteria using noninvasive investigations: observation and dermoscopy. Methods: A total of 34 cases of onychomatricoma were studied. In detail, 6 observers evaluated 12 clinical and 12 dermoscopical criteria as present or absent. Results: For clinical criteria, the highest mean values were leuconychia (3.21), splinter hemorrhages (3.45), and thickening of the plate (3.0). Dermoscopical criteria were more often found present, such as longitudinal parallel white lines (4.33), parallel lesion edges (4.61), splinter hemorrhages (4.48), dark dots (3.96), free-edge nail pitting (4.5), and thickening of the free edge (5.27). Conclusion: Dermoscopical criteria for onychomatricoma are more frequently present and less subject to divergent interpretation. This offers new and original preoperative reliable diagnostic criteria and should be used in the evaluation of nail tumors.
Long-Term Off-Line Extracorporeal Photochemotherapy in Patients with Chronic Lung Allograft Rejection Not Responsive to Conventional Treatment: A 10-Year Single-Centre Analysis
Authors: Del Fante Claudia , Scudeller Luigia , Oggionni Tiberio , Viarengo Gianluca , Cemmi Francesca , Morosini Monica , Cascina Alessandro , Meloni Federica , Perotti Cesare
Published: June 2015

Background: Extracorporeal photochemotherapy (ECP) for chronic lung allograft dysfunction (CLAD) has been reported as beneficial in a few short-term studies. Objectives: In this retrospective cohort study on 48 CLAD patients treated by ECP (off-line technique) for a period of >8 years (compared to 58 controls), we explored potential predictors of survival and response. Methods: Failures were defined as a decrease in forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) of >10% from ECP initiation. Results: ECP patients were enrolled between February 2003 and December 2013; 14 (29.2%) with restrictive allograft syndrome (RAS) and 34 with bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome. Grade 1 severity was indicated in 58.3%, grade 2 in 20.8%, and grade 3 in 20.8% of patients. The median follow-up was 65 months (cumulative 2,284.4 person-months). Twenty (41.7%) patients died, including 17 (85%) CLAD-related deaths. Among the controls, there were 42 deaths (72.4%), of which 32 (76.2%) were CLAD related, over a median of 51 months (cumulative 3,066.5 person-months; p = 0.09). Among ECP patients, the FEV1 slope flattened out after a decline in the initial months (slope -19 ml/month in months 0-6, +4 in months 36-48 and later; p = 0.001). RAS was associated with poorer survival, whereas a ‘rapid decline in the previous 6 months' was not. No ECP side effects or complications were observed. Conclusion: Long-term ECP for CLAD is safe and reduces FEV1 decline over time; the RAS phenotype might show a poorer response. ECP deserves to be evaluated in a randomized controlled trial.
Outcomes of Transobturator Tape Surgery with Safyre T® Slings for Female Stress Urinary Incontinence after 96 Months of Follow-Up
Authors: Töz Emrah , Balsak Deniz , Başoğul Nurgül , Özdemir Ali Ata , Okay Gülin , Apaydın Nesin , Özcan Aykut
Published: June 2015

Background/Aims: To report the outcomes of transobturator tape (TOT) surgery with Safyre T® (Promedon, Argentina) slings for female stress urinary incontinence (SUI) at a 96- month follow-up. Methods: We conducted a clinical follow-up study of 153 patients diagnosed with SUI between January 2005 and December 2014. Patients were provided with detailed a priori information pertaining to the TOT procedure and were invited to attend follow-up visits at 1, 3, 12, 24, 48, 72 and 96 months. Follow-up visits included physical examination involving sling palpation, checking of the vaginal mucosa for erosion, cough test, as well as validated Urinary Distress Inventory-6 (UDI-6) and Incontinence Impact Questionnaire-7 (IIQ-7) questionnaires. Results: The overall objective success rates, based on cough test results, were 91.3% at 12 months, 86.8% at 48 months and 77.6% at 96 months. Similarly, the overall subjective success rate, based on the validated UDI-6 and IIQ-7 scales, was 77.6% at 96 months. Conclusion: The cure rates achieved, following TOT treatment of SUI at 1-year follow-up, showed a statistically significant decline over an 8-year period, especially at months 48 and 96.
Antidotes for Novel Oral Anticoagulants
Authors: Crowther Mark , Crowther Mark A.
Published: June 2015

The direct thrombin inhibitor dabigatran and the anti-Xa agents rivaroxaban, edoxaban, and apixaban are a new generation of oral anticoagulants. Their advantage over the vitamin K antagonists is the lack of the need for monitoring and dose adjustment. Their main disadvantage is currently the absence of a specific reversal agent. Dabigatran’s, unlike the anti-Xa agents, absorption can be reduced by activated charcoal if administered shortly after ingestion and it can be removed from the blood with hemodialysis. Prothrombin complex concentrate, activated prothrombin complex concentrate, and recombinant factor VIIa all show some activity in reversing the anticoagulant effect of these drugs but this is based on ex vivo, animal, and volunteer studies. It is unclear, which, if any, of these drugs is the most suitable for emergency reversal. Three novel molecules (idarucizumab, andexanet, and PER977) may provide the most effective and safest way of reversal. These agents are currently in premarketing studies.
Regulatory B Cell–Specific Interleukin-10 Is Dispensable for Atherosclerosis Development in Mice
Authors: Sage Andrew P. , Nus Meritxell , Baker Lauren L. , Finigan Alison J. , Masters Leanne M. , Mallat Ziad
Published: June 2015

Objective—

To determine the role of regulatory B cell–derived interleukin (IL)-10 in atherosclerosis.

Approach and Results—

We created chimeric
Ldlr

−/−

mice with a B cell–specific deficiency in IL-10, and confirmed that purified B cells stimulated with lipopolysaccharide failed to produce IL-10 compared with control
Ldlr

−/−

chimeras. Mice lacking B-cell IL-10 demonstrated enhanced splenic B-cell numbers but no major differences in B-cell subsets, T cell or monocyte distribution, and unchanged body weights or serum cholesterol levels compared with control mice. After 8 weeks on high-fat diet, there were no differences in aortic root or aortic arch atherosclerosis. In addition to plaque size, plaque composition (macrophages, T cells, smooth muscle cells, and collagen) was similar between groups.

Conclusions—

In contrast to its prominent regulatory role in many immune-mediated diseases and its proposed modulatory role in atherosclerosis, B cell–derived IL-10 does not alter atherosclerosis in mice.
DNA Methylation Dynamics in Human Carotid Plaques After Cerebrovascular Events
Authors: Zaina Silvio , Gonçalves Isabel , Carmona F. Javier , Gomez Antonio , Heyn Holger , Mollet Inês G. , Moran Sebastian , Varol Nuray , Esteller Manel
Published: June 2015

Objective—

To understand whether cerebrovascular events, a major complication of atherosclerosis, are associated with any specific DNA methylation changes in the carotid plaque.

Approach and Results—

We profiled the DNA methylomes of human symptomatic carotid plaques obtained from patients who had cerebrovascular events (n=19) and asymptomatic counterparts (n=19) with a high-density microarray (≈485 000 CpG sites, Illumina), and crossed DNA methylation data with RNAseq-based expression data from an independent symptomatic carotid plaque set (n=8). Few (30) CpGs showed a significant (
P
<0.05; absolute Delta-Beta,
>
0.20) differential methylation between the 2 groups. Within symptomatic carotid plaques, DNA methylation correlated significantly with postcerebrovascular event time (range, 3–45 days;
r
-value range, −0.926 to 0.857;
P
<0.05) for ≈45 000 CpGs, the vast majority of which became hypomethylated with increasing postcerebrovascular event time. Hypomethylation was not due to erasure of the gene-body and CG-poor region hypermethylation that accompany the progression of stable lesions, but rather targeted promoters and CpG islands. Noticeably, promoter hypomethylation and increased expression of genes involved in the inhibition of the inflammatory response, defense against oxidative stress, and active DNA demethylation were observed with increasing postcerebrovascular event time. Concomitantly, histological changes consistent with phagocyte-driven plaque healing were observed.

Conclusions—

Weak changes in the DNA methylome distinguish symptomatic from asymptomatic plaques, but a widespread demethylation resulting in permissive transcriptional marks at atheroprotective gene promoters is established in plaques after a cerebrovascular event, thus mirroring previous observations that ruptured plaques tend to revert to a stable structure. The identified loci are candidate targets to accelerate the pace of carotid plaque stabilization.
Exercise Promotes Collateral Artery Growth Mediated by Monocytic Nitric Oxide
Authors: Schirmer Stephan H. , Millenaar Dominic N. , Werner Christian , Schuh Lisa , Degen Achim , Bettink Stephanie I. , Lipp Peter , van Rooijen Nico , Meyer Tim , Böhm Michael , Laufs Ulrich
Published: June 2015

Objective—

Collateral artery growth (arteriogenesis) is an important adaptive response to hampered arterial perfusion. It is unknown whether preventive physical exercise before limb ischemia can improve arteriogenesis and modulate mononuclear cell function. This study aimed at investigating the effects of endurance exercise before arterial occlusion on MNC function and collateral artery growth.

Approach and Results—

After 3 weeks of voluntary treadmill exercise, ligation of the right femoral artery was performed in mice. Hindlimb perfusion immediately after surgery did not differ from sedentary mice. However, previous exercise improved perfusion restoration ≤7 days after femoral artery ligation, also when exercise was stopped at ligation. This was accompanied by an accumulation of peri-collateral macrophages and increased expression of endothelial nitric oxide synthase and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in hindlimb collateral and in MNC of blood and spleen. Systemic monocyte and macrophage depletion by liposomal clodronate but not splenectomy attenuated exercise-induced perfusion restoration, collateral artery growth, peri-collateral macrophage accumulation, and upregulation of iNOS. iNOS-deficient mice did not show exercise-induced perfusion restoration. Transplantation of bone marrow–derived MNC from iNOS-deficient mice into wild-type animals inhibited exercise-induced collateral artery growth. In contrast to sedentary controls, thrice weekly aerobic exercise training for 6 months in humans increased peripheral blood MNC iNOS expression.

Conclusions—

Circulating mononuclear cell–derived inducible nitric oxide is an important mediator of exercise-induced collateral artery growth.
Guidelines for the Management of Patients With Unruptured Intracranial Aneurysms
Authors: Thompson B. Gregory , Brown Robert D. , Amin-Hanjani Sepideh , Broderick Joseph P. , Cockroft Kevin M. , Connolly E. Sander , Duckwiler Gary R. , Harris Catherine C. , Howard Virginia J. , Johnston S. Claiborne (Clay) , Meyers Philip M. , Molyneux Andrew , Ogilvy Christopher S. , Ringer Andrew J. , Torner James
Published: June 2015

Purpose—

The aim of this updated statement is to provide comprehensive and evidence-based recommendations for management of patients with unruptured intracranial aneurysms.

Methods—

Writing group members used systematic literature reviews from January 1977 up to June 2014. They also reviewed contemporary published evidence-based guidelines, personal files, and published expert opinion to summarize existing evidence, indicate gaps in current knowledge, and when appropriate, formulated recommendations using standard American Heart Association criteria. The guideline underwent extensive peer review, including review by the Stroke Council Leadership and Stroke Scientific Statement Oversight Committees, before consideration and approval by the American Heart Association Science Advisory and Coordinating Committee.

Results—

Evidence-based guidelines are presented for the care of patients presenting with unruptured intracranial aneurysms. The guidelines address presentation, natural history, epidemiology, risk factors, screening, diagnosis, imaging and outcomes from surgical and endovascular treatment.
Stroke Legislation Impacts Distribution of Certified Stroke Centers in the United States
Authors: Uchino Ken , Man Shumei , Schold Jesse D. , Katzan Irene L.
Published: June 2015

Background and Purpose—

The number of certified primary stroke centers (PSCs) have increased dramatically during the past decade in the United States We aimed to understand the factors affecting PSC distribution in the United States, including the impact of state stroke legislation.

Methods—

PSCs certified by national organization or state until December 2013 were searched from available databases. The proportion of PSC among short-term general hospitals in each state was calculated and factors affecting its distribution were analyzed.

Results—

By the end of 2013, the proportion of PSC varied from 4% to 100% among the 50 states and District of Columbia. The 18 states that had legislation in designating stroke centers and regulating stroke triage had higher PSC percentages (median, 43%; range, 13%–100%) than the remaining states (median, 13%; range, 4%–75%;
P
<0.001). State stroke legislation, urbanization, state economic output, and larger hospital size independently increased the likelihood of a hospital to be stroke certified. From 2009 to 2013, states with stroke legislation had greater increase of PSC percentages when compared with the states without legislation (median increase, 16% versus 6%;
P
=0.0067). Among the 1505 stroke centers, 74% were certified by the Joint Commission, 20% by state, and 6% by other organizations. Stroke centers certified only by state were smaller in size by hospital bed count compared with those certified by the Joint Commission (
P
<0.001).

Conclusions—

State stroke legislation, a generalizable intervention, increased the number of certified stroke centers in the United States, potentially improving accessibility of standardized care for patients with acute ischemic stroke.
Flatseta, a new genus of Dikraneurini (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Typhlocybinae) from China, with description of a new species
Authors: JIAO MENG , YANG MAOFA
Published: June 2015

Flatseta gen. n. described and illustrated based on type species F. scimitara sp. n. from China and placed in the typhlocybine tribe Dikraneurini. The new genus is unique among known Typhlocybinae in having modified setae distributed over the male pygofer appendage. Detailed morphological descriptions and illustration of the new genus are provided.
Redescription of "Amaurobius" rufipes Taczanowski, 1874 (Araneae: Corinnidae) with notes of Amaurobius species described from French Guyana
Authors: MARUSIK YURI M. , OMELKO MIKHAIL M.
Published: June 2015

Amaurobius rufipes Taczanowski, 1874 was described on the basis of a syntype series consisting of two males, two females and some juveniles collected in Cayenne, French Guyana (Taczanowski 1874). Simon (1898) doubted this species belonged to Amaurobius and thought that it was related to the Corinna species group: "C'est probablement aussi au groupe des Corinna qu'appartiennent les espèces de la Guyane décrites par Taczanowski sous les noms d'Amaurobius cayanus, rufipes, brevis, et hirtus Tacz.". Lehtinen (1967), who possibly studied the types, transferred A. rufipes and other Amaurobius species described from Guyana by Taczanowski into Corinnidae, although new combinations were not suggested. In the World Spider Catalog (Platnick 2014), this species is listed as "Amaurobius" rufipes among Corinnidae as incertae sedis. It is likely that no-one has studied the types of Guyanese "Amaurobius", and Corinnidae from Guyana have never been revised or mentioned in taxonomic publications (e.g. Bonaldo 2000).
Three new Sinopoda species (Araneae: Sparassidae) from southern China
Authors: ZHANG BAO-SHI , ZHANG ZHI-SHENG , ZHANG FENG
Published: June 2015

Three new species of the huntsman spider genus Sinopoda Jäger, 1999, collected from Sichuan Province and Chongqing Municipality, P. R. China, are described: Sinopoda cochlearia sp. nov. (male, female), S. globosa sp. nov. (male, female) and S. longiducta sp. nov. (male, female). All three new species were collected from native forest by hand.
Two new earthworm species (Oligochaeta: Annelida) of the Caribbean region of Colombia
Authors: CELIS LILIANA V. , RANGEL-CH ORLANDO
Published: June 2015

Two new earthworm species are described, Periscolex malibu sp. nov. (Rhinodrilidae) and Righiodrilus lebrijae sp. nov. (Glossoscolecidae). They were found in relicts of tropical dry forests surrounding wetlands in the southern department of Cesar, located near the Caribbean coast of Colombia. Periscolex malibu sp. nov. is close to P. fuhrmanni Michaelsen, 1913 by the position of both clitellum and tubercula pubertatis, but differs in the extension of the clitellum and in the presence of five pairs of spermathecae. Righiodrilus lebrijae sp. nov is close to R. paolettii Righi, 1984a by the extension of the clitellum, but differs in the extension of the tubercula pubertatis, the extension of the seminal vesicles, the position of the male pores, the arrangements of setae, and the shape of the spermathecae.
Ацэначныя дзеясловы як моўнае адлюстраванне агульнапрынятых уяўленняў аб паняццях "норма" – "не-норма"
Authors: Маліцкі [Malitski] Юрый [IUryĭ]
Published: June 2015

Evaluative verbs as a linguistic reflection of generally accepted ideas about the concepts of “norm” – “not-the-norm”The article is focused on analysis of evaluative verbs in modern Belorussian literary language. The subject of the study are oral speech verbs. Evaluative verbal nominations considered as a reflection of generally accepted ideas about the concepts “norm” – “not-the-norm”. A description of semantical and formal features of these nominations is given. Czasowniki oceniające jako językowe odzwierciedlenie ogólnie przyjętych wyobrażeń o pojęciach „norma" - „nie-norma"W artykule opisane zostały na materiale współczesnego literackiego języka białoruskiego oceniające czasowniki mówienia. Znaczeniowo-pragmatyczne właściwości tych wyrazów autor rozpatruje jako odzwierciedlenie w języku tradycyjnych wyobrażeń o pojęciach „norma” – „nie-norma”. W artykule omówione zostały podstawowe treści emocjonalnooceniające wyrażane przez te czasowniki.
Światowa slawistyka w Warszawie. Sprawozdanie z konferencji
Authors: Jawor Anna , Dołowy-Rybińska Nicole
Published: June 2015

World Slavic studies in Warsaw. Conference reportThe text is a report from the international conference, ‘The Identity of the Slavs past and present: language, culture, literature in young Slavists’ research’ (May 2014). The conference was organized by the Institute of Slavic Studies, the Polish Academy of Sciences, the Institute of Western and Southern Slavic Studies, Warsaw University and the Slavic Foundation. The aim of the conference was to confront the research carried out by young researchers from Poland and Slavic countries with those conducted by their colleagues from Western Europe. These researches were compared with the Slavic studies carried out in the world. Światowa slawistyka w Warszawie. Sprawozdanie z konferencji Tekst jest sprawozdaniem z międzynarodowej konferencji naukowej „Tożsamość Słowian dawniej i dziś: język, kultura, literatura w badaniach młodych slawistów” (maj 2014). Konferencja została zorganizowana przez Instytut Slawistyki Polskiej Akademii Nauk, Instytut Slawistyki Zachodniej i Południowej Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego i Fundację Slawistyczną. Jej celem było skonfrontowanie badań prowadzonych przez młodych naukowców z Polski i krajów słowiańskich z badaniami prowadzonymi przez ich kolegów z krajów Europy Zachodniej oraz porównanie ich z dominującymi tendencjami slawistyk światowych.
The Impact of Arctic Winter Infrared Radiation on Early Summer Sea Ice
Authors: Park Hyo-Seok , Lee Sukyoung , Kosaka Yu , Son Seok-Woo , Kim Sang-Woo
Published: June 2015

The Arctic summer sea ice area has been rapidly decreasing in recent decades. In addition to this trend, substantial interannual variability is present, as is highlighted by the recovery in sea ice area in 2013 following the record minimum in 2012. This interannual variability of the Arctic summer sea ice area has been attributed to the springtime weather disturbances. Here, by utilizing reanalysis- and satellite-based sea ice data, this study shows that summers with unusually small sea ice area are preceded by winters with anomalously strong downward longwave radiation over the Eurasian sector of the Arctic Ocean. This anomalous wintertime radiative forcing at the surface is up to 10–15 W m−2, which is about twice as strong than that during the spring. During the same winters, the poleward moisture and warm-air intrusions into the Eurasian sector of the Arctic Ocean are anomalously strong and the resulting moisture convergence field closely resembles positive anomalies in column-integrated water vapor and tropospheric temperature.

Climate model simulations support the above-mentioned findings and further show that the anomalously strong wintertime radiative forcing can decrease sea ice thickness over wide areas of the Arctic Ocean, especially over the Eurasian sector. During the winters preceding the anomalously small summer sea ice area, the upper ocean of the model is anomalously warm over the Barents Sea, indicating that the upper-ocean heat content contributes to winter sea ice thinning. Finally, mass divergence by ice drift in the preceding winter and spring contributes to the thinning of sea ice over the East Siberian and Chukchi Seas, where radiative forcing and upper-ocean heat content anomalies are relatively weak.
Shadows and light: Diversity management as phantasmagoria
Authors: Schwabenland Christina , Tomlinson Frances
Published: June 2015

Within the field of critical diversity studies increasing reference is made to the need for more critically informed research into the practice and implementation of diversity management. This article draws on an action research project that involved diversity practitioners from within the UK voluntary sector. In their accounts of resistance, reluctance and a lack of effective organizational engagement, participants shared a perception of diversity management as something difficult to concretize and envisage; and as something that organizational members associated with fear and anxiety; and with an inability to act. We draw on the metaphor of the phantasmagoria as a means to investigate this representation. We conclude with some tentative suggestions for alternative ways of doing diversity.
Influence of the vol% SiC on properties of pressureless Al2O3/SiC nanocomposites
Authors: Ghadami S , Baharvandi HR , Ghadami F
Published: June 2015

Al2O3/SiC nanocomposites were prepared by pressureless sintering with micron-sized Al2O3 powders whose average ranged 5 µm in d50 and nano-sized SiC powders whose average ranged 80 nm in d50 as raw materials. The combined powders were then ball-milled in iso-propanol alcohol and then, the slurry was freeze granulated. Compressed samples were prepared by cold isostatic pressing of the granules. Pressureless sintering was carried out in an argon atmosphere at 1750℃ for 4 h. The physical and mechanical properties, including density, hardness and fracture toughness of specimens as well as microstructural investigations were analyzed. The results showed that by increasing vol% of SiC up to 5, hardness and fracture toughness were improved, whereas by increasing more than 5 vol% of SiC, hardness increased but fracture toughness decreased. The scanning electron microscope micrographs showed that, SiC nanoparticles inhibited the grain growth of Al2O3 and reduced the matrix grain size accordingly.
Young Offenders, ‘Secure Colleges’ and Reforming Criminals
Authors: Akhtar Zia
Published: June 2015

The UK government has decided on a policy goal that is set out in the Criminal Justice and Courts Bill 2014. This goal is to invest in ‘Secure Colleges’, which are institutions planned to make young criminals ‘better citizens not better criminals’. The question is: What is the role of punishment: deterrence, incapacitation or rehabilitation? This article considers the juvenile justice system in Scotland with reference to the objectives set out in the Kilbrandon Report in 1964 and evaluates the perspective of early criminologists who state that offenders exercise a free choice in embarking on a life of crime. It is also evaluated in the light of those empirical studies that expose the harsh discipline and control in prisons as ‘oppressive’ and not likely to reform the offenders. The UK policy regarding young offenders underwent a change after the James Bulger murder in 1993 and became a deterrence-based approach. This has led to measures on both sides of the border which were retributive, such as the lowering of the age of criminal responsibility and the early intervention of probation services. This article considers the modern themes of juvenile justice and argues that the ‘Secure Colleges’ will be a corrective institution that should inculcate a more informed policy towards reintegration for the young offenders so that they emerge from the criminal justice system as improved citizens after completing their sentence.
The birth of morality and the Fall of Adam through an evolutionary inter-species lens
Authors: Deane-Drummond Celia
Published: June 2015

I begin by suggesting that the Christian metanarrative about the Fall of Adam has overreached its confines in Christian theology, becoming a leitmotif in Western culture more broadly. While sympathetic to aspects of Wentzel van Huyssteen’s post-foundationalist approach to the evolution of morality, I argue that a reinterpretation of the Fall through an evolutionary inter-species lens takes proper account of cultural attachment to the Fall narrative, but breaks it open theologically in radically new ways. In particular, I suggest that the Fall marks a theo-dramatic transition to the propensity for sainthood or sin that is highly distinctive for human beings, but one that is also conducted in the context of a community of others, including other animals. These creaturely others are not anonymous, but show up their own distinctive agency and virtue (and sometimes vice) in ways that intersect and overlap with moral capabilities emerging in the earliest hominin communities. Drawing on biblical exegesis of Genesis 2 and recent and ongoing anthropological research, I will use inter-species illustrations from contemporary contexts, including human–elephant, human–hyena and human–puma affiliations. I argue that a shift from an individualistic to a wider community understanding of human morality is crucially important, not just for theoretical discussions about the evolution of morality, but also in envisaging the meaning of human personhood and the theological ground for moral action.
What evolution, the human niche, and imagination can tell us about the emergence of religion
Authors: Fuentes Agustin
Published: June 2015

It is highly likely that there is a naturalness to a human imagination that facilitates engagement with, and being in, the world in ways that are distinct from those in other animals, even closely related hominins. A distinctively human imagination is part of the explanation for human evolutionary success. The combination of a niche-construction perspective with fossil and archeological evidence, highlighting the role of complexity in human evolution, adds to our understanding of a wholly human way of being. For humans, experiences in and perceptions of the world exist in a particular context wherein social relationships, landscapes, and biotic and abiotic elements are embedded in an experiential reality that is infused with a potential for symbolic meaning. Taking this approach provides a small, and hopefully fruitful, addition to the toolkit of inquiry for anthropologists, theologians, and others interested in reconstructing the path to humanity and the possible roles that imagination, belief, and religion have played and continue to play.
J. Wentzel van Huyssteen: Exploring Venues for an Interdisciplinary Theology
Authors: Gregersen Niels Henrik
Published: June 2015

This article, written for the retirement symposium for the James I. McCord Professor J. Wentzel van Huyssteen at Princeton Theological Seminary (“Evolutionary Science and Theological Identity,” November 18–19, 2014), analyzes the changing contexts and developments of van Huyssteen’s interdisciplinary journeys in the philosophy of science, epistemology, and science and religion. The topics discussed are biblical hermeneutics, his relation to Wolfhart Pannenberg, critical realism, postfoundationalism, evolutionary epistemology, paleoanthropology, and theological anthropology. The particular aim of the article is to clarify how earlier research themes are transformed and calibrated in van Huyssteen’s shift of emphasis from a more hermeneutical to a more pragmatist orientation in interdisciplinary theology.
Weight-Related Social Control in Couples
Authors: Burke Tricia J. , Segrin Chris
Published: June 2015

The social control framework and multiple goals perspective were used to investigate couples’ ( N = 192) diet- and exercise-related social control communication. Actor-Partner Interdependence Models (APIMs) were used to examine couples’ use of positive and negative social control in association with (a) their specific motives for using social control and (b) constraints against using social control. In line with a multiple goals framework, partners employ different social control strategies as a function of their distinct motives, and couples appear to consider secondary goals when communicating social control in their relationship. Together, these results suggest that individuals are aware of the need to balance their desire for their partners to be physically healthy with their desire to maintain their relationship.
The Law and Order Origins of Urban Gay Politics
Authors: Stewart-Winter Timothy
Published: June 2015

It was in big-city municipal government that American gays and lesbians first won political power. This article reinterprets the rise of urban gay politics, emphasizing the complex and changing relationship between gay activists, policing, and the politics of law and order. Drawing on evidence and examples from Chicago, Stewart-Winter examines such developments as the decline of gay bar raids, the implementation of police sensitivity training programs, clashes between police and AIDS activists, and the hiring of openly gay police officers. He argues that developments in the late twentieth century set the stage for more recent tensions within LGBTQ (lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer) movements, as activists of color challenged the reconciliation between state power and predominantly white activist organizations.
Implicit Theories of Change and Stability Moderate Effects of Subjective Distance on the Remembered Self
Authors: Ward Cindy L. P. , Wilson Anne E.
Published: June 2015

Temporal self-appraisal theory suggests that people can regulate current self-view by recalling former selves in ways that flatter present identity. People critique their subjectively distant (but not recent) former selves, creating the illusion of improvement over time. However, this revisionist strategy might not apply to everyone: People with fixed (entity) beliefs may not benefit from critiquing even distant selves. In three studies, we found that implicit theories of change and stability moderate the effects of subjective distance on the remembered self. In all studies, participants rated past selves portrayed as subjectively close or distant (controlling calendar time). Incremental theorists (but not entity theorists) were more critical of their subjectively distant (but not recent) past attributes. We found the same pattern when measuring existing implicit theories (Studies 1, 2) or manipulating them (Study 3). The present research is the first to integrate temporal self-appraisal theory and the implicit theories literature.