bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ACUTE CHEMICAL POISONINGS AS AN INDEX OF THE SYSTEM OF SOCIO-HYGIENIC MONITORING IN THE ROSTOV REGION
Authors: Aydinov G. T. , Marchenko Boris I. , Sinelnikova Yu. A.
Published: March 2019

The problem of acute chemical poisonings is currently important for almost all regions of Russia including the Rostov region. Acute chemical pathology leads to the deterioration of the quantitative and qualitative indices of population health that entails the loss of the ability to work and determines the high level of the premature mortality rate; has a negative impact on the social climate and socio-economic development of the region. The purpose of the study was to investigate the epidemiological and medico-social aspects of the morbidity of the population of the Rostov region in case of such forms of traumatism, as the acute poisoning of chemical etiology. In the work, there was used a regional database of toxicological monitoring for the period of 2008-2015, including information about 29750 cases of acute chemical poisonings. There was executed the comprehensive study using the methods of epidemiological analysis of the frequency, structure, long-term dynamics, extrapolative forecasting, and spatial characteristics in order to identify territorial differences. The average annual rate of acute chemical poisonings in the Rostov region is 86.20 per 100,000 (о/оооо), mortality rates and lethality respectively, amount of 8.32 о/оооо and 9.65 %. The average annual rate in cities (106.43 о/оооо) was higher than in rural areas (54.14 о/оооо) by 1.97 times. In the Rostov region there were favorable trends in the rate of acute chemical poisonings, both mortality and lethality rates, for both the urban and rural population; according to the results of extrapolative mid-term forecasting, one can expect annual negative gain rates for these indices. The results of the comparative analysis identified the «risk territory» in terms of the rate of acute poisonings of chemical etiology and the mortality rate. There were identified the leading causes (alcohol and its surrogates, drugs) and risk factors of acute chemical poisonings of the population in the cities of the Rostov region, which are necessary to take in account for the optimization of organizational and managerial decisions for of prevention of this type of traumatism.
CHARACTERISTICS OF BIOMARKERS OF THE TOXICITY OF OKADAIC ACID IN VIVO
Authors: Bagryantseva Olga V. , Gmoshinsky I. V. , Evstratova A. D. , Trushina E. N. , Mustafina O. K. , Soto Kh. S. , Riger N. A. , Shymakova A. A. , Khotimchenko S. A.
Published: March 2019

Okadaic acid (OA) is relating to the number of seafood toxins causing diarrhea. At the present time, there was determined the toxicity index of OA; the main target molecules of its action, its role as a promoter of tumor processes and apoptosis have been investigated. However, in the available literature, data on the toxicokinetics of OA and molecular biomarkers of its action for warm-blooded animals are practically absent. The purpose of this work was to determine biomarkers of toxicity of OA in experiments in vivo and ex vivo. The experiment was performed on 74 male Wistar rats with an initial body weight of 100 ± 10 g. In the work, there was used a solution of OA in methanol, produced by “FermentecLtd.” (Israel). Prior to the studies, methanol was removed from the preparation. To obtain working dilutions of the toxin, aliquots of the alcoholic OA solution with a concentration of 10 ppm were diluted with a sterile solution of 0.15M NaCl to obtain solutions with a concentration of OA of 50, 100 and 150 ppb. These solutions were administered to the rats in doses of 1 ml/kg of body weight intraperitoneally. The animals of the control groups were injected with NaCl solution. Excretion of animals from the experiment was carried out 6, 24 and 168 hours after the administration of OA preparations by decapitation under ether anesthesia. The mass of internal organs, biochemical and hematological blood indices, the activity of glutathione peroxidase, non-protein thiols in the liver, cytokine levels of IFN-ɤ, IL-10, IL-17A in blood plasma and liver cell lysates, liver cell apoptosis, malonic dialdehyde level in the liver were analyzed. Studies have shown minimal manifestations of toxic effects of OA in case of intraperitoneal administration (shifts in the ratio of neutrophils and lymphocytes, increased activity of AST, changes in the activity of glutathione peroxidase) to be observed even at a dose of 50 μg/kg of body weight. Taking into account the safety factor of 3, the ARfD level of OA should be revised and accepted to be equal to 0.27 μg/kg of body weight. The data obtained indicate the need for additional risk assessments of this toxin for the health of consumers and, possibly, a revision of the established values of the safe content of this toxin in mollusks. For the first time, there was shown the possibility of using the following marker of toxic action of OA: non-protein thiols, the activity of glutathione peroxidase, and the content of malonic dialdehyde in the liver.
ASSESSMENT OF THE ADEQUACY OF DIETARY NUTRITION OF MEDICAL UNIVERSITY STUDENTS
Authors: Bermagambetova Saule K. , Zinalieva A. N. , Karimov T. K.
Published: March 2019

Nutrition is one of the leading factors affecting the health of the population. Considering the importance of young people’s health as a factor in providing future economic, social and cultural potential of the country, we studied the nutritional status of the students. In the investigation the students were found to have eating disorders: some imbalance in the ratio of proteins, fats, and carbohydrates, by increasing the intake of fat and lower carbohydrate intake, the vast majority of students have signs of nutrition-related non-communicable diseases.
ACTIVITIES OF THE LOCAL SELF-GOVERNMENT AND ZEMSTVO’S MEDICINE AT FIGHTING EPIDEMIC DISEASES IN THE UFA PROVINCE AT THE END OF THE XIX - BEGINNING OF THE XX CENTURIES
Authors: Akhmetshina Alena V. , Pavlova O. S. , Kantimirova R. I. , Mukhametzyanova E. V. , Samorodov D. P.
Published: March 2019

The article deals with the complex of measures implemented to combat epidemic diseases in the Ufa province by local government and zemstvo’s medicine; there were studied the dynamics of the most widespread epidemic diseases and the effectiveness of measures taken by these bodies for the treatment and prevention of epidemics in the Ufa province in the late XIX and early XX centuries. As a result of the study of the stated problem, the authors concluded that the sanitary measures carried out by the zemstvo during this period could not significantly affect the dynamics of the morbidity rate. On the one hand, there have been noted undoubted successes in the implementation of measures for the prevention and treatment of a number of epidemic infectious diseases and in the organization of sanitary and statistic research. At the initiative of the provincial doctors’ congress, there was established the Ufa Medical and Statistic Department, which became the first sanitary body in the province; there was organized the sanitary and educational work, characterized by the publication of popular medical brochures and other publications that were specially written out and distributed through public libraries. The organization of hydrogeological research and water treatment activities was also among the specific measures of the zemstvos aimed at combating epidemic diseases was. However in the conditions of the capitalist development of the economy of the region, accompanied by urbanization, there was noted a decline in the standard of living of the rural and urban population suffering from difficult living conditions and semi-starvation. This environment became the outbreak of various kinds of epidemic infectious diseases and the reason for high mortality rate, especially among children. The population of the province suffered from an inadequate provision of medical personnel, financial resources of the zemstvo were restricted for even the most necessary anti-epidemic measures, which were not systematic and were not fulfilled. At the same time, both the ignorance and low level of domestic culture of the local population were a serious obstacle in the organization of qualified medical care
DEONTOLOGY IN PREVENTIVE MEDICINE: SCIENTIFIC AND HISTORICAL BASES, CHALLENGES OF THE PRESENT AND SOLUTIONS
Authors: Briko Nikolay I. , Melnichenko P. I. , Kuchma V. R. , Prokhorov N. I. , Pavlova Yu. V.
Published: March 2019

The article presents the peculiarities of medical deontology in preventive medicine. The differences between deontological problems in the activity of a Clinician and a Physician in the specialty of medical and preventive medicine are considered. The historical stages of the formation and development of ideas of deontology and medical ethics in Russia are shown. The comparative plan presents an analysis of the main legislative acts in the field of bioethics and deontology of medical and preventive medicine. The world community was noted to show a great interest in topical problems of bioethics: several World Congresses and European Conferences were held, in most countries of Europe and America national bioethics committees were established (in the USA and France they were organized under the Presidents of these States). The main goal of the doctor’s professional activity is to preserve human life, prevent diseases and restore health, as well as reduce suffering from incurable diseases. Much attention is paid to this problem in the Federal law of November 21, 2011. (N 323-FZ) about bases of the protection of the health of citizens in the Russian Federation “which is fundamental in the field of healthcare”. It establishes the obligation of medical and pharmaceutical workers to carry out their activities in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation, guided by the principles. The aim of this study was to develop and substantiate the main differences between deontological problems in the activities of clinicians and physicians in the specialty medical and preventive care in the historical aspect. An invaluable role in the development of the principles of deontology was played by outstanding doctors of the past: Hippocrates, Abu-l-Faraj, as well as Russian and Soviet scientists and doctors M.Ya. Mudrov, 8N.I. Pirogov, V.A. Manassein, V.I. Davydovsky, N.Kh. Petrov, B.V. Petrovsky. Separately, it is noted that the role of medicine can be radically changed, if not exclude the importance of the preventive direction, but, on the contrary, through it to strengthen the ideological and controlling.
EVALUATION OF THE DEPENDENCE OF AUTOANTIBODY LEVELS AND CYTOKINES FROM THE INHALATION LOAD OF PRIORITY TOXICANTS AIR ENVIRONMENT
Authors: Masnavieva Liudmila B. , Kudaeva I. V. , Efimova N. V.
Published: March 2019

Air pollution has a negative impact on the human body, creating the preconditions for the formation of adaptive processes or the occurrence of pathologies. Formaldehyde, particulate matter, nitrogen oxide were proved to have an effect on the respiratory and immune systems, the latter played a key role in the formation of adaptive reactions. The purpose of the study was to assess the effect of formaldehyde, nitrogen dioxide and particulate pollutants in the air environment, the maintenance of specific autoantibodies and cytokines by means of a mathematical model. The study included 659 students. In assessing individual inhalation of chemical loadings on an organism of adolescents into account data on the content of impurities in the ambient air, indoor air, information about the organization of educational process and rest pupils, anthropometric and spirometric parameters. The content of interleukin-2 and -10, interferon - alpha and - gamma, level of specific autoantibodies that characterize the state of the immune system and lungs has been studied in adolescents. The content of specific autoantibodies and cytokines depends upon hazard indexes priority pollutants are not linear and varies depending on the level of exposure of toxicants. The levels of autoantibodies to β2- glycoprotein I and the content of α-INF and γ-INF adolescents living in air pollution by formaldehyde, nitrogen dioxide, and particulate matter may depend on the level of inhaled pollutants load by 8-11%. Inhalation of nitrogen dioxide in the organism of adolescents may contribute to the variable level of autoantibodies to the of membrane antigens lung parenchyma to 22%.
PECULIARITIES OF THE TOXIC EFFECT OF DIISONONYL PHTHALATE PLASTICIZER PHTHALATE ON EXPERIMENTAL MODELS
Authors: Grynchak Vitaly A. , Sychik S. I.
Published: March 2019

Introduction. The purpose of the study was to determine the characteristics of the biological effect of diisononyl phthalate, a new plasticizer for polymer products. Material and methods. Toxic properties of the compound have been studied in various ways of its entering in the organism of laboratory animals, local irritating, cumulative and skin-resorptive actions have been established, the potential ability of the compound to induce remote effects in experimental models in vivo/in vitro has been revealed. Results and discussion. The obtained data show diisononyl phthalate do not pose a risk of the acute poisoning under intragastric, intraperitoneal, epicutaneous and inhalation modes of exposure, being incapable of inducing signs of the irritation of the skin and mucous membranes, is not allergic. With subchronic intragastric administration of diisononyl phthalate in doses from 10,000 to 100 mg/kg, the dose dependence of toxic effect and its ability to cause chronic polytropic poisoning of the action in the form of disturbance of the pattern of peripheral blood, calcium and phosphorus metabolism and changes in the functional state of internal organs are revealed. In the study of the reproductive toxicity against the background of the administration of the drug at a dose of 10,000 mg/kg, an increase in total postimplantation, embryonic and the postnatal mortality rate was established. Intragastric administration of diisononyl phthalate at the mentioned dose to female animals during pregnancy triggered the formation of multiple (combined), external and internal malformations of embryos that were single in response to a reduced dose of up to 100 mg/kg. Changes in the state of the reproductive function of males have not been established. In the study of mutagenic toxicity in the Ames test, the effect of the compound has not been established to lead to an increase in the number of revertant colonies, which indicates the lack of ability of diisononyl phthalate to induce point mutations. Conclusion. The results of the studies showed that further study of the toxic effect of diisononylphthalate in chronic exposure and in vitro tests is necessary.
URGENCY OF HYGIENIC RATING OF PESTICIDES IN THE SOIL
Authors: Popova A. Yu. , Rakitsky V. N. , Sinitskaya T. A. , Trukhina G. M. , Gromova Irina P.
Published: March 2019

The requirement concerning the implementation of the research in the extreme soil-climatic conditions promoting the maximum migration in environments contacting to the soil (water, air, plants), and also providing most their intensive impact on processes of self-cleaning and a soil microbiocenosis is one of the basic provisions of the theory of hygienic rating of active ingredients of pesticides in the soil. For the creation of extreme conditions, the experiment is carried out on the sandy soil possessing the maximum filtering, minimal sorbing and absorbing ability. The observance of a principle of extremeness is provided with executing the research at microclimatic parameters (temperature, humidity, ultraviolet radiation), pesticides promoting the maximum migration on contacting media and the use in the experiment of plants concentrators creating a considerable margin of the safety in hygienic rating. All investigations are carried out in the standard and comparable soil and microclimatic conditions with the use of the uniform simulating standard modeling soil standard based on the constant granulometric and physical-chemical structure of the sandy soil and uniform microclimatic parameters. By analogy to a rating of active ingredients of pesticides in water of reservoirs, atmospheric air, etc., studies are carried out not in natural surroundings, but only in uniform comparable with experimental conditions on laboratory modeling installations. On the basis of the established threshold concentration on migratory water, migratory air, translocation and all-sanitary indices of harm there is chosen the limiting one, on which maximum concentration level is established. Established maximum concentration limits of active ingredients of pesticides in the soil are the uniform in size for any soil-climatic conditions. On the established uniform maximum concentration limit of active ingredient of pesticide in the soil if necessary it can be determined the regional maximum concentration limit for conditions of the concrete soil and climatic region. In the calculation of this size, there are considered leading factors: temperature, humidity of the soil, maintenance of a hummus, рН, porosity, bacterial load, etc. The factors characterizing the influence of these factors on processes of migration and a detoxication of active ingredients of pesticides were found on the basis of the research have been carried out on natural samples of the soil of this region.
THE ASSESSMENT OF THE ANTIOXIDANT STATUS OF THE ORGANISM OF RATS UNDER THE CHRONIC INTAKE OF SURFACE-ACTIVE SUBSTANCES BASED ON THE RAPE OIL
Authors: Rakitskii Valery N. , Chkhvirkiya E. G. , Epishina T. M. , Mukhina E. A.
Published: March 2019

Introduction. The study of the character of reactions of lipid peroxidation, as well as the state of the antioxidant system regulating their course under the conditions of the action of chemical products on the body, is an important stage of investigations. There is not enough data on the development of oxidative stress in cells exposed to pesticides, and this concerns, first of all, studies of the activity of antioxidant enzymes. The aim of the study is to execute the experimental assessment of the influence of a surface active substances (SAS) on the basis of the rape oil on antioxidant status of white male rats during its multiple peroral intakes for 6 months in doses of 0.5, 5.0 and 50.0 mg/kg body weight (on a.s.). Material and methods. Studies on the determination of enzymatic indices of the body's antioxidant defense system (superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase and glutathione reductase) were performed on a ChemWell biochemical analyzer (Awareness Technology, USA) with the use of diagnostic reagent kits by Randox Laboratories Ltd (England). The catalase activity was determined by the colorimetric method. Results. Under the prolonged action of surfactants on warm-blooded organisms, changes in the activity of antioxidant enzymes were established to occur in doses of 5,0 and 50,0 mg/kg b.m. Discussion. The test substance used in a dose of 0.5 mg/kg bm does not have an inhibitory effect on the antioxidant status of the organism. The use of a surfactant based on rapeseed oil at doses of 5.0 and 50.0 mg/kg mt has a negative effect on the antioxidant status of an organism of male rats. Conclusion. Surfactants based on rapeseed oil in doses of 5.0 and 500 mg/kg b.m. have a negative effect on the antioxidant status of an organism of male rats, which is probably due to the high content of erucic acid and glucosinolates in rapeseed oil.
INFORMATIVITY OF THE DIFFERENTIATED ACCOUNT OF SIZES OF SOLID PARTICLES IN THE AIR ENVIRONMENT FOR THE PROTECTION OF THE HEALTH OF EMPLOYEES OF DUST PROFESSIONS AND THE POPULATION (REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE DATA)
Authors: Lutsenko Lidia A. , Gvozdeva L. L. , Tatyanyuk T. K.
Published: March 2019

Harmful effects of the increased dust content in the air on working sites and the population are one of the current problems of the current time and demand realization of more effective measures of the prevention of risks to health. Professional pathology of respiratory organs of employees of dust professions still remains the main in the structure of occupational diseases. The research conducted by us at one of large iron and steel plant of the country have shown the high professional risk to the health of workers exposed to aerosols (17.19%oo). 75% of all cases of professional pathology fell to the share of occupational diseases of respiratory organs. Data of the analysis of the morbidity with temporary disability records testified about very high (WiΔ> 3) or high (WiΔ = 2.0-3.0) direct epidemiological risk of exacerbations of chronic diseases of the lungs and pneumonia noted in shops with the primary influence of aerosols of condensation. Whereas in production with prevalence in the soaring dust of aerosols of disintegration WiΔ = 1.0-2.0 recently the increasing relevance is acquired by fine particles, including - the nanoparticles differing in special physical and chemical characteristics and impact on biological structures including the human body. For the assessment of the potential danger of the aerosol particles to health working and the population there isn’t enough knowledge of dispersing composition of the dust soaring in air, and it is necessary to know the inhaled fraction, i.e. a mass fraction of all weighed particles in air which are inhaled through a nose or a mouth and also -the major area of their sedimentation in airways of the person. In our country, there are performed numerous epidemiological investigations devoted to the studying of the influence of the weighed particles (PM2.5 and PM10) on the population that has formed the basis for the development of domestic hygienic standards and control methods. The recommendations focused on the separate accounting of mass of the soaring and inhaled particles for more effective protection of the health of workers of dust professions are proved.
MIGRATION OF HERBICIDE OF DERIVATIVE ARYL CARBOXYLIC ACIDS IN THE SYSTEM OF SOIL-AIR
Authors: Sinitskaya T. A. , Gromova Irina P. , Goryacheva L. V. , Klimova N. N.
Published: March 2019

Introduction. The main source of pesticides entrance to the air is the treatment of crops, seeds, forest areas, and other environmental objects. Pesticides enter the air with the soil dust during wind erosion and harvesting operations. A significant number of them enter atmospheric dust areas, where the intensive chemical treatment is practiced. In most of the cases, the system of soil-atmospheric air is the first link, by which pesticides are entered, as a result of the first demolition of preparations during their application, as well as a result of processes of vaporation and evaporation from the surface of the soil, plants, water basins, etc. Along with atmospheric flows, contained in the air, the pesticides can be transported for long distances.The aim of this research is the obtaining of the reasonable threshold concentration of the pesticide in the soil by this index of hazard. By the threshold, concentration is implied the amount of pesticide in the soil (mg/kg of the absolutely dry soil), where the entrance the compounds into the atmospheric air is not accompanied by the increase of its average daily maximum permissible concentration (MPC). Material and methods. In the tasks of the experimental studies, the results of which are introduced in the article there were included the investigations of the migration-air index of harm, rated to the active substance of the pesticide referred to the derivatives of aryloxychromones acids. A migration-air index of the hazard characterizes migration processes (with soil dust, evaporation, co-evaporation with water vapors, etc.) of pesticide from the soil to atmospheric air. Results. The resulting value is necessary for the subsequent selection of limiting index of hazard, considering all the indices (translocation, migration, and water, sanitary), determining the MPC pesticide in the soil. The studies were carried out in standard conditions and, therefore, comparable soil and microclimate conditions using a special microclimate chamber. The method of laboratory modeling is a required step in the normalization of pesticides in the soil.
ASSESSMENT OF THE STATUS OF BONE TISSUE IN THE WORKING VIBRATION THREATENING OCCUPATIONS
Authors: Sukhova Anna V. , Kryuchkova E. N.
Published: March 2019

Introduction. Vibration in conjunction with an unfavorable microclimate and physical stress, acting on mining workers, can lead to the development of pathology of the musculoskeletal system with the violation of bone metabolism and the formation of the osteopenic syndrome. The results of epidemiological studies indicate a high prevalence of osteoporosis among persons of working age. The purpose of the study was to study the effect of the general and local vibration on the state of bone remodeling processes in workers of vibration-hazardous occupations. Material and methods. Two groups of patients with vibration disease were examined. The first group consisted of 53 cases working in the contact with local vibration. The second group included 52 workers exposed to combined effects of the general and local vibration. The condition of the osteoarticular apparatus was determined by means of by X-ray examination and ultrasonic osteodensitometry. Laboratory studies included the evaluation of indices of mineral metabolism and bone tissue metabolism. Results. Osteochondrosis of the spine was revealed in 54.7% and 69.2%, osteopenia of the spine - 17.0% and 21.2%, arthrosis of the joints of the hands - 64.2% and 57.7% in the patients of the first and second groups, respectively. The prevalence rate of bone-dystrophic changes depends on the stage of the vibration disease and increases as the disease progresses. There were established interrelations of clinical functional and clinical laboratory indices with the trainee exposure of industrial vibration in terms of bone mineral density (T and Z criteria) (r = 0.56), biochemical markers of bone formation (r = -0.62-0.70) and bone resorption (r = 0.72-0.85). Biochemical markers of the osteopenic syndrome in the vibration disease are bone formation (osteocalcin, alkaline phosphatase) and bone resorption (ionized calcium, calcium/creatinine). Discussion. The obtained results served as a basis for developing a system of preventive measures of bone-dystrophic disorders in persons with vibration dangerous occupations.
PROFESSIONAL RISK OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF DERMATOLOGICAL DISEASES IN WORKERS OF PRODUCTION OF SECONDARY PRECIOUS METALS
Authors: Yatsyna I. V. , Moiseeva I. V. , Saarkoppel Lyudmila M.
Published: March 2019

Introduction. Working conditions in the metallurgical industry are characterized by the impact of unfavorable production factors on the workers of the complex. This leads to a high level of the occupational and general morbidity rate in metallurgists. The production of secondary metals is an intensively developing direction of metallurgy, which determines the urgency of studying the labor and health conditions of workers in this industry at the present stage. Material and methods. A comprehensive assessment of the working conditions of the workers of Shchelkovsky Secondary Precious Metals Plant was conducted. The occupational risk for the health of the core occupations of secondary precious metals was quantified, there were estimated the profile of occupational risk and the main unfavorable factors of the production process, making a significant contribution to the formation of dermatological morbidity of personnel. Results. Priority occupational risk factors for the formation of dermatological diseases in workers of secondary precious metals production is the impact of a multicomponent industrial aerosol and a heating microclimate. The chemical factor contributes a significant share contribution (20 - 25%) to the occupational risk profile and gives high indices of individual occupational health risks for workers in the main occupations of this production. The occupational risk of the incidence rate with a temporary disability (TD) in the enterprise as a whole is regarded as super-high. The incidence of diseases of the skin and subcutaneous tissue in workers reaches the highest level in the main production divisions and makes up in the structure of the total morbidity rate with TD of 12.3 to 14.5%. Discussion. The personal occupational risk of the secondary production of precious metals is determined by a significant proportion of employees in the core occupations with harmful working conditions on a chemical factor. The specific labor conditions of the main professional groups determine the high level of the relative risk of dermatological diseases (RR = 2.31), and the etiological share of occupational factors in their formation ranges from 56.79 to 88.84%, which proves their production conditionality.
NEONICOTINOID INSECTICIDES/ACARICIDES: THE DETERMINATION OF RESIDUES IN IMPORTED FOOD PRODUCTS
Authors: Rakitskii V. N. , Fedorova Natalia E. , Bayusheva V. V.
Published: March 2019

Introduction. This paper presents the results of a study determination of neonicotinoids’ residues (thiamethoxam and its metabolite clothianidin) in imported food products (bananas, citrus fruits, tea, and coffee-beans) using tandem liquid-mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) of the last generation, ionization source, ESI (positive ionization mode). The mode of the MRM with two parent-ion transitions was used for the identification (for quantitative calculation and confirmation for an ionic ratio). Material and methods. The sample preparation procedure was performed on the QuEChERS technology, including extraction, centrifugation, purification dispersion solid-phase extraction, repeated centrifugation. The acetonitrile acidified by acetic acid (1%) was used for extractions from samples of bananas, coffee, and tea, samples of a citrus subjected extractions with acetonitrile. At the extraction stage to the samples of coffee beans and tea, related to products with a low moisture content, water was added in an amount 2 or more times exceeding the mass of the sample. Results. The LLOQ of a thiamethoxam and its metabolite of a clothianidin in the fruits of bananas and citrus fruits -0.01 ppm, tea - 0.05 ppm and coffee beans - 0.02 ppm, with a signal-to-noise ratio equal to 226:1 (thiamethoxam) and 16:1 (clothianidin). The recovery of the extraction, determined from the analysis of model samples with the fortification of substances at four levels on the range of the detected contents, accounтеd for 90-100%, the RSD of repeatability varied in the range of 5.7-8.4%.
THE RELEVANCE OF MULTIVARIATE MAPPING IN THE SYSTEM OF SOCIO-HYGIENIC MONITORING
Authors: Savelyev Stanislav I. , Bondarev V. A. , Trukhina G. M. , Nakhichevanskaya N. V. , Shevtsova E. V.
Published: March 2019

The method of the sanitary-epidemiological and hygienic regional mapping is proposed in solving the problems of environmental protection and public health protection as one of the effective approaches to the scientific substantiation of forecasting and purposeful management of the process of the improvement of the population health. Multi-factor mapping based on the analysis of the anthropogenic load on the environment, systematization of data on the state of health of the population and the demographic situation provides an opportunity to simulate the situation, differentially, informatively and evidently determine the most dangerous «hot spots» of the impact of negative factors on the environment and health of the population, relationships and trends in their development in cities and districts of the Lipetsk region. The result of the application of this technology was the creation and production of five atlases on the sanitary and epidemiological situation of the region, contributing to interdepartmental cooperation in the adoption of targeted programs to ensure the sanitary and epidemiological welfare of the population and to address the financing of priority and long-term implementation.
TRENDS IN LIFE EXPECTANCY OF THE POPULATION OF THE SIBERIAN FEDERAL DISTRICT (2005-2016)
Authors: Grigoryev Yury A. , Baran O. I.
Published: March 2019

Introduction. Life expectancy is the most important medico-demographic indicator, closely related to the social and economic conditions of the life of the population. Material and methods. Statistical data for the work was obtained on websites of the Federal State Statistics Service and Siberian District Medical Center of the Federal Medical and Biological Agency of Russia. To analyze the changes in the life expectancy of the population in the Siberian Federal District (SFD) for 2005-2016 and the short-term prognosis, the Microsoft Office application (MS Excel) capabilities were used and several options for approximating the annual increase in life expectancy were considered using the following trends: linear, logarithmic, degree (polynomial of the third degree). Results. The analysis of the trends indicates a “fading” nature of the gain in the life expectancy. In some SFD areas in 2014-2016, there is a slowdown in the rising life expectancy or even a decline in the index. This may indicate to a certain depletion of the resource of reducing the mortality rate with the exogenous determination (primarily from injuries and poisonings). The actual dynamics of life expectancy and mortality rates in SFD and its regions were compared with the target milestones for 2018. Their levels and trends in SFD are much worse than in the country as a whole. By the index of life expectancy, the difference between SFD and the target milestones in 2016 was 4.19 years, which is almost twice as much as in the Russian Federation. The lag will not be overcome, as for the last three years, the annual gain was only 0.39 years. This is slightly larger than in the Russian Federation, but obviously not enough to achieve the target milestones. Conclusion. The data given show the problem of reducing the mortality rate and increasing life expectancy can be solved only if the value of health on the scale of both public and personal assessment changes at the wide distribution of practice of healthy lifestyles.
PECULIARITIES OF OCCUPATIONAL PREVALENCE IN AIRCRAFT MANUFACTURING ENTERPRISES
Authors: Kamenev V. I. , Kameneva Olga V. , Platunin A. V.
Published: March 2019

At aircraft manufacturing enterprises, tens of thousands of employees work, whose labor conditions in most cases do not meet sanitary and hygienic requirements. Material and methods. The work assesses the risk factors of the production environment of aircraft assemblers using instrumental research methods, there was performed a physiological assessment of severity and exhaustion levels to determine the main areas of prevention. Results. The noise and vibration were determined as prioritized harmful impact (physical) factor for workers. Vibration is perceived by all tissues of the body, but mostly by the nervous and bone system. The bone system that serves as a good conductor and resonator of vibration. The nerve endings and, above all, the receptors of the skin of the distal parts of the hands are the most sensitive to the effects of vibration. The vestibular apparatus actively reacts to vibrational stimulation. In addition, vibrations of high frequencies can have an effect on the hearing aid that is close to the effect of noise. Discussion. The results of studies indicate a high risk of the formation of occupational pathology as a result of the complex impact of physical factors and the severity of the work process. Conclusion. Studies have shown the need to introduce rational work regimes and a system of treatment and prevention activities.
Os ícones do poder disciplinar e a educação colonial brasileira a partir do Serro/MG, de 1759 a 1807
Authors: Briskievicz Danilo Arnaldo
Published: March 2019

Analisamos a história da educação do Brasil colonial na segunda metade do século XVIII, em especial o contexto do despotismo esclarecido português e suas repercussões na Vila do Príncipe, atual cidade do Serro/MG no período que vai aproximadamente de 1758 até 1807. Investigamos como os fatores externos à Vila do Príncipe como, por exemplo, o terremoto de Lisboa em 1756 e a expulsão dos jesuítas do Brasil em 1759 afetaram a forma de lidar com os subsídios voluntários e, em especial, levantamos o histórico dos impostos serranos para entender o processo de financiamento dos primeiros professores do Norte de Minas Gerais. Contamos a história dos primeiros professores do Serro, seja de primeiras letras, seja de gramática latina. A metodologia de pesquisa intenciona amalgamar o conceito de poder disciplinar e biopoder de Michel Foucault à microanálise histórica, para esclarecer como a educação é afetada pela iconografia do poder do pelourinho, da Real Casa de Fundição do Ouro e do padre, detentora de uma certa pedagogia moralizante da população.
Cultura e história da educação: diálogos com Michel de Certeau e E. P. Thompson
Authors: Vidal Diana Gonçalves , Salvadori Maria Angela Borges , Costa Ana Luiza Jesus da
Published: March 2019

O artigo se propõe a explorar relações entre cultura e educação do ponto de vista histórico, recorrendo ao aporte de dois autores: Michel de Certeau e Edward Palmer Thompson. Apesar de em ambos a discussão sobre educação não figurar como tema central de pesquisa, a questão emerge em alguns de seus escritos. Por outro lado, cada vez mais estes autores têm se destacado como referência fundamental aos estudos sobre a escola e a educação por parte de historiadores da educação que abraçam a perspectiva da cultura como constitutiva da experiência dos sujeitos e das práticas sociais. Para discorrer sobre a questão, este artigo foi organizado em quatro partes. Na primeira, nos detemos nas razões que levaram De Certeau e Thompson a se interrogarem sobre a cultura nos anos 1960. Na segunda parte, abordamos o conceito de cultura para Michel de Certeau. Na terceira, o mesmo movimento é realizado para E. P. Thompson. Nos dois casos, a reflexão se entrelaça a vertentes da pesquisa em educação, evidenciando a proficuidade do uso da categoria para as análises históricas. Por fim, a título de comentários finais, traçamos aproximações e distanciamentos entre a concepção de cultura enunciada pelos dois autores, com o objetivo de subsidiar os estudos no campo.
Educação integral e(m) tempo integral: possibilidades analíticas do processo histórico recente em Belém do Pará
Authors: Cardoso Carla Santos , Oliveira Ney Cristina Monteiro de , Silva José Bittencourt da
Published: March 2019

O texto tem como objetivo analisar o processo histórico recente de construção da educação integral em regime de tempo integral, em uma escola básica pública, integrante da Rede Municipal de Educação de Belém, no estado do Pará. Toma como referência empírica a Escola Rio Maguary (nome fictício), a qual passou, em 2016, a compor um novo ciclo de experiências de ampliação do tempo escolar. Foram feitas análises bibliográfica e documental, com realização de pesquisa de campo qualitativa baseada em observações e entrevistas na Escola objeto da investigação. Os dados revelam muitas fragilidades nesse processo, com clara ausência de uma proposta coordenada e coerente que possibilite a efetiva conjugação da educação integral com a extensão do tempo escolar.
Crianças e brinquedos: uma relação inquestionável?
Authors: Lira Aliandra Cristina Mesomo , Dominico Eliane , Nunes Maristela Aparecida
Published: March 2019

O objetivo é refletir sobre o brinquedo, sua produção, divulgação, papel e relação com as crianças na contemporaneidade. Após a Revolução Industrial, as transformações ocorridas nos modos de produção também se sucederam com os brinquedos que passaram a ser produzidos pelas grandes empresas e difundidos pela mídia. Devido a isso, esses objetos têm adquirido uma importância inédita na história da infância. Trata-se de estudo teórico, assentado em autores como Benjamin (1984), Brougère (1995, 2004), Bujes (2000a) e Kishimoto (1995, 1999), dentre outros, que nos ajudam a pensar a respeito do brinquedo como artefato cultural e que passa por um intenso processo de industrialização, com efeitos para a constituição das subjetividades infantis. A reflexão permitiu reconhecer que a relação entre criança e brinquedo precisa ser problematizada para que possamos compreender até que ponto esse vínculo é conduzido e manipulado pela mídia e pelos fabricantes.
“Mais dóceis, mais limpos e mais alegres”: projetos para infância desvalida em Duque de Caxias (1955-1964)
Authors: Bezerra Amália Cristina Dias da Rocha , Costa Márcia Spadetti Tuão da
Published: March 2019

Apresentamos o projeto assistencialista e educacional da Associação Beneficente de Menores, criada em Duque de Caxias (RJ),na década de 1950, para o enfrentamento da situação da “infância desvalida” do município. A análise dos objetivos e práticas de assistência desvela uma pedagogia que pretendia disseminar hábitos de trabalho e códigos de comportamento da Igreja Católica. Houve uma intensa atuação destinada ao controle social de “menores” por meio da regulação do trabalho infantil urbano e pela institucionalização de um patronato agrícola. As crianças asiladas deveriam ser submetidas a instrução primária, ao ensino de ofícios artesais e agrícolas, e serem educadas conforme os valores da doutrina católica.Diagnósticos sobre rendimento escolar, indisciplina e anormalidade eram acionados para a remoção de crianças consideradas inaptas ao internato.A pesquisa no acervo documental foi cotejada com a bibliografia sobre a história social da infância, de modo a analisar o projeto de “pedagogia cristã” utilizado no Patronato São Bento como recurso de controle social da infância pobre.
Do Bus Rapid Transit Systems Improve Accessibility to Job Opportunities for the Poor? The Case of Lima, Peru
Authors: Oviedo Daniel , Scholl Lynn , Innao Marco , Pedraza Lauramaria
Published: March 2019

Investments in public transit infrastructure in Latin America and the Caribbean often aim to reduce spatial and social inequalities by improving accessibility to jobs and other opportunities for vulnerable populations. The Metropolitano, Lima’s Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) project had as one of its central goals to connect low-income populations living in the peripheries to jobs in the city center. We examine the contribution of Lima’s BRT system to accessibility to employment in the city, particularly for low-income public transit users. Building on secondary datasets of employment, household socio-demographics and Origin-Destination surveys before and after the BRT began operations, we assess its effects on potential accessibility to employment, comparing impacts amongst lower versus higher income populations. Findings suggest that the BRT line reduced travel times to reach jobs, in comparison with traditional public transport in the city, amongst populations living within walking distance of the system. However, we also find that the coverage of the BRT declines in areas with high concentrations of poor and extreme poor populations, limiting the equitability of the accessibility improvements. We analyze the distributional effects of BRT infrastructure and services, discussing policy avenues that can improve the prospects for BRT system investments to include the poor in their mobility benefits.
Lived Experience of Friendship and Mate Crime in Autistic Adults
Authors: Pearson Amy , Forster Samantha
Published: March 2019

Mate crime is a specific subset of hate crime in which the perpetrator is known to the victim. To date, there is very little research into the perception and experience of mate crime in autism. The aim of the current study was to examine perceptions of friendship and mate crime in autistic adults, using semi-structured interviews. Five adults were interviewed about their experiences of social interactions, friendships and mate crime. Participants described distancing themselves from the ‘disability’ label whilst growing up to avoid condescension and being perceived as vulnerable, whilst learning to camouflage their social difficulties. Feelings of anxiety were associated with socialising, and participants valued relationships that did not place too many overwhelming demands on their time or energy. Finally, all participants had prior experiences of bullying. They understood the concept of mate crime but were unsure as to whether they would be able to identify it in their own lives if it occurred. However they could identify potential support networks in close friends and family. Results highlight the importance of further research into positive and negative aspects of social relationships in autistic adults, and the need to provide support to those who are socially vulnerable.
Öğrenci ve Okul Değişkenlerinin Matematik Başarısı ve Gelişimine Etkileri
Authors: YAVUZ Emine , TAN Şeref , ATAR Hakan Yavuz
Published: March 2019

Bu çalışma ortaokulda
öğrencilerin matematik başarılarını ve matematik başarılarındaki gelişimi
etkileyen öğrenci ve okul değişkenlerinin incelenmesi amacıyla yapılmıştır. Araştırma evrenini, Ankara
ilinde 2008 yılında ortaokula başlayıp 2011 yılında ortaokuldan mezun
olan ortaokul öğrencileri oluşturmaktadır. Örneklem için seçkisiz olmayan, tipik durum örnekleme
yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Araştırma örneklemini, Ankara ilindeki 40 ortaokuldan,
2008 yılında ortaokula başlayıp 2011 yılında mezun olmuş, 3715 öğrenci
oluşturmaktadır. Öğrencilerin üç yıllık eğitim-öğretim sürecini aynı okulda
geçirmeleri dikkate alınmıştır. Öğrencilerin
matematik başarıları ve matematik başarılarındaki gelişimi etkileyen öğrenci ve
okul değişkenleri incelendiği için bu çalışma nedensel karşılaştırma modelindedir.
Çalışmada kullanılan veriler Milli Eğitim Bakanlığı ile yapılan yazışmalar
sonucu elde edilmiştir. Öğrencilerin ilgili eğitim-öğretim dönemlerinde
uygulanan SBS matematik alt testi ham puanları bağımlı değişken olarak analize
dahil edilmiştir. “Cinsiyet, altıncı sınıftaki yılsonu matematik not ortalaması
ve altıncı sınıftaki okula devam durumu” öğrenci düzeyi değişkenlerini
oluştururken “okul türü ve büyüklüğü” okul düzeyi değişkenlerini
oluşturmaktadır. Değişkenlerin etkilerinin incelenebilmesi için verilerin
analizinde üç düzeyli hiyerarşik lineer gelişim modeli kullanılmıştır.
Öğrencilerin SBS matematik alt testi ham puanları üç düzeyli hiyerarşik lineer
gelişim modeline bağlama yapılarak dahil edilmiştir. Üç düzeyli hiyerarşik
lineer gelişim modeli analizi sonucunda öğrencilerin matematik başarılarında
bir gelişme olmadığı ancak, altıncı sınıfta “okula devam durumu, yılsonu
matematik not ortalamasının ve okul türünün” öğrencilerin altıncı sınıftaki
matematik başarılarını istatistiksel olarak etkiledikleri görülmüştür.
Simulasi Berbagai Situasi Traffic Flow dengan Metode Cell Transmission Model
Authors: Ferdiana Agung , Gunawan Putu Harry
Published: March 2019

Penelitian ini membahas mengenai penerapan metode cell transmission model untuk menyimulasikan berbagai kondisi lalu lintas. Metode ini relatif sederhana sehingga mudah untuk dikembangkan. Pendekatan menggunakan cell transmission model termasuk pendekatan makroskopik yang mana mengkaji perilaku kendaraan tidak secara individu, melainkan secara kelompok. Pada penelitian ini, metode cell transmission model digunakan untuk menyimulasikan berbagai kasus kemacetan lalu lintas yang diakibatkan karena penyempitan jalan, penutupan jalan selama beberapa waktu, dan kasus adanya penggabungan/merge jalan kecil dengan jalan raya. Untuk simulasi kasus adanya penggabungan/merge, perlu diterapkan metode cell transmission model dengan modifikasi. Hasil simulasi dengan metoda cell transmission model menunjukkan berbagai situasi traffic yang sesuai dengan pengamatan kita sehari-hari.