bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Life History Strategies Drive Meso‐Scale Distribution Patterns in Coastal Benthic Macroinvertebrates
Authors: Gusha Molline Natanah C. , McQuaid Christopher D.
Published: October 2024

The environment shapes the spatial distribution of species, but species also comprise suites of traits which may indicate their adaptability to a specific environment. This forms the basis of trait biogeography studies. We thus examined how a species distribution is not only influenced by its environment and traits, but by interactions among its traits. Trait information was collected for 150 intertidal macroinvertebrates along a 3000 km environmental and biogeographic gradient on the South African coast. This information was analysed, as functional entities (FEs) were species performing similar functions that have the same trait values and were further condensed into two trait domains (Reproduction and Lifestyle). We then defined Life History Strategies (LHS) as specific combinations of Lifestyle and Reproduction FEs. Seven combinations of Lifestyle and Reproduction formed LHS that dominated total biomass. Some of these LHS were ubiquitous, while others showed geographic patterns across our west‐east environmental gradient. For Lifestyle, filter‐feeders exhibited high abundances on the East (subtropical, oligotrophic) and West (cool‐temperate, eutrophic) extremes of the biogeographic gradient, but differed between the two in size at reproductive maturity and larval development type. This similarity in functionality of feeding mechanism and mobility with different reproductive strategies suggests a trait trade–off (investment in one trait reduces resources for others) between the Reproduction and Lifestyle domains. Within the Reproduction domain, gonochoristic, annual planktotrophic reproduction was common across bioregions, reflecting spin‐offs (investment in one trait facilitates another trait) among these traits. Gonochoristic investment in less frequent episodic reproduction is another trade‐off, with investment in large size and delayed maturation being a trade–off for many reproductive cycles. Overall, although our data supports the habitat templet model (i.e., the importance of environmental drivers), it further indicates that species distribution patterns observed along the South African coast reflect strong trait interactions and biomass patterns related to their LHS.
Taking knowledge exchange to practice: A scoping review of practical case studies to identify enablers of success in environmental management
Authors: Kapoor Tyreen , Cvitanovic Chris , Klenk Kimberly , Nguyen Vivian M
Published: October 2024

A gap exists in the literature on how to implement theories of knowledge exchange (KE) into practice within an environmental management context. To support the improved practice of KE, we conducted a scoping literature review evaluating 56 empirical case studies globally to identify enabling conditions for implementing effective KE. Identified enabling conditions were organized into a core capacities framework, which highlighted essential elements of effective KE from organizational, individual, financial, material, practical, political, and social capacity dimensions. Results show that major enablers to effective KE relate to practitioners' individual and organizational capacity including the ability of practitioners (often boundary spanners) to establish trust with relevant actors through their interpersonal relationships and possessing sufficient background knowledge and skills to facilitate collaborations across disciplines and sectors. We also identified main challenges to engaging in KE (e.g., insufficient long‐ term funding for projects, lack of interpersonal skills for KE practitioners to build relationships and network, and inadequate background knowledge for practitioners to exchange knowledge in an accessible manner), and the outcomes and impacts that can emerge from effective KE work. We find that practitioners often perform quantitative evaluations that provide instantaneous and measurable impacts for the effectiveness of KE, but do not capture the impact of interpersonal relationships and trust that are best achieved through qualitative approaches. Lastly, the synthesis of enablers, challenges, outcomes, and impacts presented in this paper can be a resource for practitioners to identify what enablers may be missing from their KE strategies and in what capacity the KE work can be strengthened.
Novel Applications of CE‐ICP‐MS/MS: Monitoring of Antiaging GHK–Cu Cosmetic Component Encapsulation in Liposomes
Authors: Zajda Joanna , Wadych Emilia , Ogórek Karolina , Drozd Marcin , Matczuk Magdalena
Published: October 2024

The hyphenation of the separation technique with the high‐sensitive mass spectrometry detection is one of the driving forces of modern analysis enabling measurements in complex matrices. In particular, capillary electrophoresis coupled to inductively coupled plasma tandem mass spectrometry allows for speciation analysis of selected analytes with a superior resolution. The mild, physiological‐friendly conditions of this separation technique offer the unique advantage of analyzing chemical entities in their intact form, which has been successfully exploited in various areas. Herein, we report the pioneering application of such a hyphenated technique in the cosmetic field to investigate the encapsulation of copper tripeptide complex (GHK–Cu) in liposomes. By monitoring copper and phosphorus signals, the formation of liposomes via a simple ethanol injection method was confirmed, and the concentration of GHK–Cu in the liposomes was assessed. The application of coupling of capillary electrophoresis with inductively coupled plasma tandem mass spectrometry (CE‐ICP‐MS/MS) in cosmetic studies could lead to the development of diverse liposomal formulations with preferential properties and expand their accessibility.
Investigation on the Effect of Persian Gum and Transglutaminase Enzyme on Some Physicochemical and Microstructural Characteristics of Low‐Fat Ultrafiltrated Iranian White Cheese
Authors: Habibi Seyedeh Ameneh , Jooyandeh Hossein
Published: October 2024

This study aimed to assess the effect of Persian gum (PG) and microbial transglutaminase enzyme (MTGase) on some physicochemical and microstructural characteristics of low‐fat ultrafiltrated Iranian white cheese during 60 days of cold storage. To manufacture the low‐fat cheese samples, PG (0%, 0.25%, and 0.5%) and MTGase (0, 0.5 and 1 U/g of protein) were used and cheeses (low‐ and full‐fat) without PG and MTGase were considered as controls. The obtained results revealed that the treated samples with PG had a higher titratable acidity, moisture content, and moisture‐to‐protein ratio (M:P), but a lower protein content as compared to the low‐fat control (p ≤ 0.05). Furthermore, the cheese samples treated with the higher level of MTGase (i.e., 1 U/g of protein) had a higher protein and fat content (p ≤ 0.05). Methyl palmitate (C16:0) and methyl oleate (C18:1) were found to be the most abundant fatty acids in the tested cheeses. Additionally, scanning electron micrographs revealed that addition of PG and MTGase improved the microstructure of the samples, so that the sample containing 0.5 U enzyme and 0.5% gum was more similar to its full‐fat counterpart and obtained the highest overall acceptance score among the cheeses. Therefore, our findings revealed that with incorporation of PG and MTGase, a low‐fat ultrafiltrated white cheese could be produced with an appropriate functional, physicochemical, and microstructural characteristics comparable to the full‐fat product.
The Double Empathy Problem and Person‐Environment Fit: Mutual Understanding and Bidirectional Adjustment in Autistic Talent Acquisition
Authors: Drader‐Mazza Nicole , Lopez‐Kidwell Virginie , Kanwal Fizza , Reger Rhonda K. , Vogus Timothy J.
Published: October 2024

Organizations are starting to actively invest in hiring initiatives aimed at recruiting autistic talent. However, given many of these initiatives are in their infancy, knowledge of autism and how best to assess and support autistic employees is low. Building on person‐environment fit (P‐E fit) theory and the double empathy problem, we examine how neurodiversity employment programs build mutual understanding and construct fit between autistic employees and their hiring organizations. We further explore the role of third‐party neurodivergent talent consultants (NTCs) in aiding these efforts during the birth stage of the cycle of talent. In Study 1, we use action research involving in‐depth structured interviews of participants (managers, coaches, and autistic employees) in a neurodiversity employment program at a major corporation in the financial services industry, supplemented with additional interviews of hiring managers and coaches with similar roles in other organizational settings. In Study 2, we collect qualitative survey data from autistic adults participating in other neurodiversity employment programs. Using these data, we explicate the practices that remove barriers to autistic employment and processes of ongoing coaching and support from NTCs that build and manage the double empathy problem by enhancing mutual understanding and increasing the perceptions of fit. We find that NTCs facilitate the acquisition of autistic talent through revised job search and recruitment (e.g., tailored job descriptions), alternative screening procedures (e.g., hands‐on assessments), and supported socialization and onboarding (e.g., communication, networking).
Genomic adaptation of Clostridium perfringens to human intestine
Authors: Wu Ke , Wang Juan , Yan Zelin , Zhu Yanyan , Wang Shaolin , Fu Bo , Sun Chengtao , Li Ruichao , Fox Edward M. , Fanning Séamus , Bai Li , Wang Yang , Tang Yizhi , Yin Zhe , Zhang Rong , Wang Hongning
Published: October 2024

Clostridium perfringens is often associated with foodborne diseases, posing significant public health risks. However, genomic investigation of C. perfringens isolates from the human population has been lacking. This study aims to fill this knowledge gap by examining the genomic characteristics of C. perfringens isolates from 699 individuals at a provincial hospital in China. We further conducted evolutionary and pan‐genomic analyses, incorporating isolates from humans and animals worldwide. The results reveal potential regional and transregional transmission of C. perfringens among individuals, along with the common transfer of small gene clusters during this process. Notably, the food poisoning‐associated toxin gene cpe was identified in a fusion plasmid for the first time in an isolate, indicating fusion of pCP13‐like and pCW3‐like plasmids and the potential for transfer of cpe across genetic backgrounds. Moreover, we observed that the genomic characteristics of C. perfringens correlate with host species, with specific toxin genes, such as pfoA and colA, potentially influencing host selectivity. Through this comprehensive genomic analysis, we provide novel insights into the fusion of pCW3‐like and pCP13‐like plasmids, the genetic location of cpe, the transmission dynamics of C. perfringens strains, and the relationship between toxin genes and host relevance. These findings expand our understanding of C. perfringens and its implications for public health.
Prognostic Value of Systemic Inflammation, Nutritional Status and Sarcopenia in Patients With Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
Authors: Zhu Yahui , Zhang Ying , Li Mao , Bai Jiongming , Wang Hongfen , Pang Xinyuan , Du Rongrong , Wang Jiao , Huang Xusheng
Published: October 2024

Background

Nutritional status, systemic inflammatory responses and muscle mass are associated with the prognosis of patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). However, the optimal biomarker for predicting prognosis remains unclear. This study aimed to identify the optimal indicators of survival among the nutrition‐based, inflammation‐based and muscle mass–related markers for ALS patients.

Methods

We enrolled ALS patients from January 2014 to December 2019. Experienced neurologists followed up with the participants until January 2022. This study included a total of 17 nutritional, systemic inflammatory or muscle mass–related indicators. Maximally selected rank statistics determined the cut‐off points for these indicators. Kaplan–Meier estimation was used to assess survival. Uni‐ and multivariate Cox proportional hazards models were used to determine the effects of indicators on survival. Finally, time‐dependent receiver operating characteristic (time‐ROC) curves and the C‐index were calculated to evaluate the predictive efficacy of different indicators.

Results

A total of 506 patients with ALS were enrolled in this study, including 288 males (56.9%) and 218 females (43.1%), with a mean age of 54.2 ± 10.5 years. Among these ALS patients, 334 cases (68.0%) either died or underwent tracheotomy. In univariate Cox proportional hazards regression, 11 indicators were significantly associated with ALS survival (p < 0.05). And systemic immune inflammation (SII), platelet‐to‐lymphocyte ratio (PLR), modified geriatric nutritional risk index (mGNRI), creatinine and sarcopenia index (SI, (creatinine/cystatin C) × 100) were determined as independent predictors (p < 0.05) in multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression. A higher SI predicted longer survival (hazard ratio, 0.59; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.46–0.76; p < 0.001). The results of time‐ROC and C‐index analyses indicated that SI had the best predictive efficacy for ALS survival, with a C‐index of 0.65 (95% CI, 0.54–0.75) for 1‐year, 0.61 (95% CI, 0.57–0.65) for 3‐year and 0.59 (95% CI, 0.55–0.62) for 5‐year survival. Across different subgroups, SI had the highest C‐index in men and women, limb onset and aged < 60 year ALS patients, compared with other indicators. However, cystatin C was the best indicator for predicting the survival of ALS patients with bulbar onset, whereas the prognostic nutritional index (PNI) was the best for those aged ≥60 years.

Conclusions

The serum SI demonstrates superior prognostic ability compared to other inflammation‐based, nutrition‐based and muscle mass–related indicators for patients with ALS. Given its simplicity and availability, it is well suited for clinical use in evaluating the prognosis of ALS patients.
Ecological momentary assessment of delay discounting, reward valuation, and craving in very light cigarette users
Authors: Furer Melinda L. , Huang Siyuan , Smyth Joshua M. , Wilson Stephen J.
Published: October 2024

Heightened delay discounting has been linked to adverse smoking cessation outcomes, including among light cigarette users. Few studies have evaluated delay discounting's proposed mechanism, preference reversal (concurrent increases in valuation of/craving for desired objects), and none have done so in naturalistic settings. We examined how person‐level delay discounting moderated the within‐person association between cigarette valuation and craving among very light daily cigarette users who were financially incentivized to abstain. Forty participants completed a baseline delay‐discounting task and intermittent ratings of cigarette valuation and craving during the incentivized abstinence attempt. Subjects earned monetary rewards for abstinence on a descending schedule (e.g., $20 on Days 1 and 2 and $2.50 on Days 9 and 10). Consistent with preference reversals, there was a positive association between cigarette valuation and craving. This relation was moderated by delay discounting (stronger among those with low discounting rates) and by monetary reinforcement amount (stronger on days with low reinforcement). Additionally, subjects were more likely to report stronger cravings on days with high monetary reinforcement, with this effect moderated by delay discounting (stronger among those with low discounting rates). The results suggest that heightened delay discounting may not confer risk for preference reversal among very light daily cigarette users who are attempting abstinence.
Extramedullary disease in Waldenström macroglobulinemia: A population‐based observational study
Authors: Østergaard Simon , Munksgaard Lars , Nielsen Torsten Holm , Hammer Troels , Pedersen Lars Møller , Ølgod Pedersen Mette , Gjerdrum Lise Mette Rahbek
Published: October 2024

Introduction: Extramedullary disease (EMD) is a rare manifestation of Waldenström macroglobulinemia (WM), and its clinical and prognostic implications are poorly understood. Methods: In this single‐center study, we investigated the clinical significance of EMD in a cohort of 469 WM patients. Results: EMD was identified in 30 (6.4%) patients, with the central nervous system, kidneys, and lungs being the most frequently affected sites. The cumulative incidence of EMD was 12.6% at 15 years. Median overall survival rates at 5 and 10 years for patients with EMD were 63% and 37%, respectively. Conclusion: Our findings indicate a persistent risk of EMD throughout the disease course, with no significant impact on long‐term survival.
The UK consensus supporting effective introduction of novel treatments for multiple myeloma in the National Health Service
Authors: Popat Rakesh , Basu Supratik , Henshaw Sarah , Karunanithi Kamaraj , Ramasamy Karthik , Singh Inderjit , Tailor Anish , Walker Ian , Warren Tim , Ali Noreen , Duffield Charles , Cook Gordon
Published: October 2024

Introduction

Multiple myeloma (MM) is a relapsing, debilitating blood cancer which remains incurable despite advances in treatments. Patients typically receive multiple lines of treatment, to which they become refractory, thereby limiting treatment options. B‐cell maturation antigen (BCMA) bispecific antibodies (BsAbs) represent a novel modality of treatment that has significant efficacy for relapsed or refractory patients.

The objective was to develop consensus statements for the effective implementation of BCMA BsAbs for relapsed or refractory MM patients within the National Health Service (NHS).

Methods

The process employed a modified Delphi methodology. In March 2023, a literature review on the topic of novel treatments for MM was performed using the PubMed database.

The process employed a modified Delphi methodology. Following a literature review, a steering group of eight expert clinicians identified and agreed on five main topics of focus and 44 statements. These were then developed into an online survey which was distributed to healthcare professionals working in Levels 1, 2 and 3 haematology centres in the United Kingdom. Results were then shared with the expert panel to determine conclusions. The threshold for consensus agreement was set at 75%.

Results

A total of 60 responses were received from all three centre levels. There was representation from all targeted centres. Consensus was achieved in 42 statements (95%) across three broad areas: the patient profile, initiation and step‐up dosing, monitoring and ongoing care, the role of multidisciplinary team and service designs for optimal management, consensus was not achieved for two statements. Given the level of agreement and that the stopping criteria were met, it was decided not to undertake further Delphi rounds.

Conclusion

This consensus provides a framework to support the effective introduction of novel treatments for MM in the NHS. The results were used to inform a checklist for use within haematology services when considering the provision of MM care specific to BCMA BsAbs.
Proteogenomic characterization of highly enriched viable leukemic blasts in acute myeloid leukemia: A SWOG report
Authors: Naru Jasmine , Othus Megan , Lin ChenWei , Biernacki Melinda A. , Bleakley Marie , Chauncey Thomas R. , Erba Harry P. , Fang Min , Fitzgibbon Matthew P. , Gafken Phillip R. , Ivey Richard G. , Kennedy Jacob J. , Lorentzen Travis D. , Meshinchi Soheil , Moseley Anna , Pogosova‐Agadjanyan Era L. , Liu Vivian M. , Radich Jerald P. , Voytovich Uliana J. , Wang Pei , Whiteaker Jeffrey R. , Willman Cheryl L. , Wu Feinan , Paulovich Amanda G. , Stirewalt Derek L.
Published: October 2024

Introduction

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) remains one of the deadliest hematopoietic malignancies. A better understanding of the molecular biology governing AML may lead to improved risk stratification and facilitate the development of novel therapies. Proteins are responsible for much of the biology of cells. Several studies have examined the global proteome in bulk mononuclear cells (MNCs) from AML specimens, which are comprised a heterogenous population of cells at various stages of differentiation.

Methods

Given the potential impact of the nonleukemic cells on protein expression profiles, we applied an integrative proteogenomic approach utilizing next‐generation sequencing and mass spectrometry‐based proteomics to identify novel protein biomarkers in unsorted MNCs and viable leukemic blasts (VLBs) isolated from blood and bone marrow specimens obtained at the time of AML diagnosis.

Results

We identified significant differences in protein expression between VLBs and MNCs. Subsequent studies (N = 27) focused on proteomic profiling of VLBs that identified novel candidate biomarkers associated with mutational genotypes and clinical outcome, some of which were recapitulated in an independent cohort of patients. Using mass spectrometry, we also detected mutated protein products, some of which were predicted via in silico analyses to be potential neoantigens amenable to adoptive immunotherapy. As previously described, analyses comparing transcript and protein expression showed an overall modest correlation between mRNA and protein dataset, but enriching for genes associated with mutations significantly improved the protein–RNA correlation.

Conclusion

Together, the results provide insight into the biology of VLBs and demonstrate the gains derived from examining the proteome in addition to genome and transcriptome.
Very high HIV prevalence and incidence among men who have sex with men and transgender women in Indonesia: a retrospective observational cohort study in Bali and Jakarta, 2017–2020
Authors: Wardhani Brigitta Dhyah Kunthi , Grulich Andrew E. , Kawi Nurhayati H. , Prasetia Yogi , Luis Hendry , Wirawan Gede Benny S. , Pradnyani Putu Erma , Kaldor John , Law Matthew , Ronoatmodjo Sudarto , Sihotang Erik Parulian , Januraga Pande Putu , Bavinton Benjamin R.
Published: October 2024

Introduction

There are no longitudinal HIV incidence data among men who have sex with men (MSM) and transgender women (TGW) in Indonesia. We aimed to estimate HIV prevalence and incidence and identify associated factors among clinic attendees in Jakarta and Bali.

Methods

We conducted a retrospective cohort study using medical records from five clinics. We reviewed HIV tests among MSM/TGW aged ≥18 years who attended the clinics between 1 January 2018 to 31 December 2020 in Jakarta and 1 January 2017 to 31 December 2019 in Bali. HIV prevalence was measured at the first test. Those with an HIV‐negative test and ≥1 follow‐up test/s were included in the person‐years (PY) at risk to determine HIV incidence. The PY at risk calculation started at the first negative test until the last recorded negative test or seroconversion. Multivariate Poisson regression was used to determine factors associated with HIV acquisition.

Results

Among 5203 and 2815 individuals with an HIV test result in Jakarta and Bali, respectively, at the first HIV test, 1205 and 616 were HIV positive (HIV prevalence 23.2% and 21.9%). The longitudinal sample included 1418 and 873 individuals, respectively. The median number of tests among repeat testers was 3 in Jakarta (interquartile range [IQR] = 2–4) and 3 in Bali (IQR = 2–5). At baseline, about one‐quarter were aged <25 years, >90% were MSM and >35% had been tested for HIV previously. In Jakarta, there were 127 HIV seroconversions in 1353 PY (incidence 9.39/100 PY, 95% CI = 7.89–11.17), and in Bali, 71 seroconversions in 982 PY (incidence 7.24/100 PY, 95% CI = 5.73–9.13). Compared to those aged 18–24 years, the incidence rate was lower in older patients (Jakarta—30–39 years: aRR = 0.56, 95% CI = 0.34–0.92; 40+ years: aRR = 0.34, 95% CI = 0.14–0.81; Bali—25–29 years: aRR = 0.44, 95% CI = 0.25–0.79; 30–39 years: aRR = 0.33, 95% CI = 0.18–0.61; 40+ years: aRR = 0.06, 95% CI = 0.01–0.48). In Jakarta, incidence was lower in those with university education than in those without (aRR = 0.66, 95% CI = 0.45–0.96). In Bali, those who had been referred by outreach workers had a higher incidence than those who self‐presented for testing (aRR = 1.85, 95% CI = 1.12–3.07).

Conclusions

We observed very high HIV prevalence and incidence rate estimates. Measures to encourage regular testing and effective use of HIV prevention, including pre‐exposure prophylaxis scale‐up and demand creation, are needed.
Therapeutic liver cell transplantation to treat murine PKU
Authors: Willimann Melanie , Grisch‐Chan Hiu Man , Rimann Nicole , Rothgangl Tanja , Hruzova Martina , Schwank Gerald , Thöny Beat
Published: October 2024

For gene therapy of the liver, in vivo applications based on adeno‐associated virus are the most advanced vectors despite limitations, including low efficacy and episomal loss, potential integration and safety issues, and high production costs. Alternative vectors and/or delivery routes are of high interest. The regenerative ability of the liver bears the potential for ex vivo therapy using liver cell transplantation for disease correction if provided with a selective advantage to expand and replace the existing cell mass. Here we present such treatment of a mouse model of human phenylketonuria (PKU). Primary hepatocytes from wild‐type mice were gene modified in vitro (with a lentiviral vector) that carries a gene editing system (CRISPR) to inhibit Cypor. Cypor inactivation confers paracetamol (or acetaminophen) resistance to hepatocytes and thus a growth advantage to eliminate the pre‐existing liver cells upon grafting (via the spleen) and exposure to repeated treatment with paracetamol. Grafting Cypor‐inactivated wild‐type hepatocytes into inbred young adult enu2 (PKU) mice, followed by selective expansion by paracetamol dosing, resulted in replacing up to 5% of cell mass, normalization of blood phenylalanine, and permanent correction of PKU. Hepatocyte transplantation offers thus an armamentarium of novel therapy options for genetic liver defects.
A Nonlinear Model of RF Switch Device Based on Common Gate GaAs FETs
Authors: Wang Changsi , Wang Yan , Kong Xin
Published: October 2024

This paper presents a novel method for nonlinear modeling GaAs field‐effect transistors (FETs) in a common gate (CG) configuration, which is crucial for the effective design and thorough assessment of RF switch circuits. By focusing solely on a CG‐based GaAs FET for RF switch device characterization and modeling, the modeling process is streamlined compared to traditional methods that involve both CG and common source (CS) devices. The direct measurement of both DC and RF characteristics using the CG device enhances the accuracy of model parameter extraction. This approach ensures consistency in model and simulation applications as the CG topology aligns with devices commonly found in RF switch circuits. Moreover, to enhance predictive accuracy regarding the dispersion effect, an improved equation of drain‐source current has been incorporated. The empirical validation of the model reveals good agreements in terms of insertion loss, isolation, and output power performance for the CG GaAs FET device, including a wide band single‐pole double‐throw (SPDT) switch Monolithic Microwave Integrated Circuit (MMIC).
Investigating the Limitations of Multi‐Model Ensembling of Climate Model Outputs in Capturing Climate Extremes
Authors: Manikanta Velpuri , Reddy V. Manohar , Das Jew
Published: October 2024

In the context of climate change, the widespread practice of directly employing Multi‐Model Ensembles (MMEs) for projecting future climate extremes, without prior evaluation of MME performance in historical periods, remains underexplored. This research addresses this gap through a comprehensive analysis of ensemble means derived from CMIP6‐based models, including both simple and weighted averages of precipitation (SEMP and WEMP) and temperature (SEMT and WEMT) time series, as well as simple (SEME) and weighted (WEME) averages of extremes based on model‐by‐model analysis. The study evaluates the efficacy of MMEs in capturing mean annual values of ETCCDI indices over India for the period 1951–2014, utilising the IMD gridded data set as a reference. The results reveal that SEME and WEME consistently align closely with IMD data across various precipitation indices. At the same time, SEMP and WEMP consistently display underestimation biases ranging from 20% to 80% across all precipitation indices, except for CWD, where there is an overestimation bias. Moreover, SEMP and WEMP consistently underestimate CDD and overestimate CWD, indicating a systematic bias in these ensemble means, while WEME and SEME demonstrate satisfactory performance. SEMT and WEMT exhibit notable underestimation in temperature indices. In summary, adopting SEME and SEMT leads to a more robust assessment of precipitation and temperature extremes, respectively. These findings highlight the limitations of traditional MME methodologies in reproducing observed extreme precipitation events across various climatic zones in India, offering essential insights for refining climate models and improving the reliability of climate projections specific to the Indian subcontinent.
Assessment of enoxaparin‐related knowledge, administration technique, and self‐reported adherence among women after caesarean section delivery
Authors: Rajakumar Sutha , Rajah Retha , Razali Nur Alia , Yan Tan Xin , Guat Tee Ooi
Published: October 2024

Background

Venous thromboembolism is among the main causes of maternal morbidity and mortality, with caesarean section (CS) delivery carrying greater risk. Outpatient thromboprophylaxis, such as enoxaparin, is administered subcutaneously and prescribed as an outpatient; raising the issue of medication adherence.

Aim

This study aimed to evaluate women's adherence to enoxaparin administration after CS delivery, explore the reasons for non‐adherence, and assess the factors associated with patients' adherence to enoxaparin.

Method

Women after CS delivery, who had been given enoxaparin at discharge were included in the study. Eligible patients were contacted via telephone at the middle and the end of the enoxaparin treatment. Syringe count determined the main outcome of adherence during direct telephone interviews with the patient. Optimal adherence was defined as all the doses of enoxaparin being administered and suboptimal adherence was at least one dose not administered. Ethical approval was granted by the Malaysian Registry Ethics Committee belonging to National Medical Research Registry (Reference no: NMRR ID‐22‐02859‐P41) and the study conforms with the Declaration of Helsinki. Informed consent was obtained from all participants through completion of written consent forms, after an explanation of the study was provided by investigators.

Results

Out of 201 women included, the majority (91.5%) were fully adherent to enoxaparin, while 8.5% missed at least one dose. Most patients administering at home missed the dose due to reporting they were unwell (n = 6), busy (n = 4), or forgot to administer (n = 2). Among missed doses in patients administered in a healthcare setting, all participants (n = 5) forgot to bring their medication to the appointment. Only medication knowledge had a significant association with adherence to enoxaparin administration (p = 0.008).

Conclusion

The study raised concern about the substantial percentage of patients missing at least one dose of enoxaparin, particularly among patients injecting at home. Initiatives should focus on customised enoxaparin administration counselling and providing educational materials.
Different elemental stoichiometries of Fe‐limited Trichodesmium when grown under inorganic and organic phosphorus sources
Authors: Wang Xuechao , Browning Thomas J. , Achterberg Eric P. , Gledhill Martha
Published: October 2024

Trichodesmium spp. is a colonial diazotrophic cyanobacterium found in the oligotrophic (sub)tropical oceans, where its distribution is strongly regulated by the availability of phosphorus and iron. The bulk carbon : nitrogen : phosphorus elemental composition of phytoplankton has previously been shown to depart from classical “Redfield” values under nutrient‐limitation conditions. We hypothesized that the abundance of intracellular metabolites and the extended Redfield ratios of Trichodesmium, including a range of trace elements, are variable in response to conditions of phosphorus and iron limitation that are found in the ocean. To test this, we grew Trichodesmium under trace metal–controlled conditions, where phosphorus was supplied as either dissolved inorganic phosphorus (DIP) or dissolved organic phosphorus (DOP) from iron depleted to elevated levels. We found that the steady‐state extended Redfield ratios of Trichodesmium under the iron‐depleted condition was (C106N15.82P0.62)1000Fe2.26Zn2.37Mn1.68Cu0.68Ni0.31Mo0.42Co0.03 for the DIP treatment where Trichodesmium was under iron limitation, and (C106N13.89P0.49)1000Fe3.38Zn2.51Mn0.97Cu0.52Ni0.42Mo0.33Co0.03 for the DOP treatment where Trichodesmium was under iron–phosphorus co‐limitation. Mean steady‐state cellular iron : carbon in the DIP treatment (iron limited) was only 50% of that in the control treatment, while zinc : carbon was elevated twofold. The average extended Redfield ratios following recovery from iron limitation was (C106N16.8P0.7)1000Fe4.41Zn1.44Mn1Cu0.52Ni0.19Mo0.3Co0.03 for the DIP and (C106N15.9P0.73)1000Fe7.36Zn2.24Mn1.08Cu0.71Ni0.63Mo0.38Co0.02 for the DOP treatment. No significant changes were observed in the carbon‐normalized abundance of targeted metabolites produced by Trichodesmium, under the different treatments. These results suggest Trichodesmium employs different strategies to cope with iron/phosphorus limitation, which is reflected in its extended Redfield ratios.
Robust tetra‐armed poly (ethylene glycol)‐based hydrogel as tissue bioadhesive for the efficient repair of meniscus tears
Authors: Ye Jing , Chen Yourong , Deng Ronghui , Zhang Jiying , Wang Hufei , Song Shitang , Wang Xinjie , Xu Bingbing , Wang Xing , Yu Jia‐Kuo
Published: October 2024

Repair and preservation of the injured meniscus has become paramount in clinical practice. However, the complexities of various clinic stitching techniques for meniscus repair pose challenges for grassroots doctors. Hence, there is a compelling interest in innovative therapeutic strategies such as bioadhesives. An ideal bioadhesive must cure quickly in aqueous and blood environments, bind strongly, endure arthroscopic washing pressures, and degrade appropriately for tissue regeneration. Here, we present a tetra‐poly (ethylene glycol) (PEG)‐based hydrogel bioadhesive, boasting high biocompatibility, ultrafast gelation, facile injectable operation, and favorable mechanical strength. In view of the synergistic effects of chemical anchor and physical chain entanglement to tightly bind the meniscus, a seamless interface was formed between the surrounding meniscal tissues and hydrogels, enabling the longitudinal tear of the meniscus fused in situ to withstand large tensile force with the adhesive strength of 541.5 ± 31.4 kPa and arthroscopic washout resistance of 29.4 kPa. Superior to existing commercial adhesives, ours allows sutureless application and arthroscopic assistance, without requiring specialized clinical skills. This research is expected to significantly impact our understanding of meniscal healing and ultimately promote a simpler process for achieving functional and structural recovery in torn menisci.
Extracellular vesicles in cancer drug resistance: Mechanistic insights and therapeutic implications
Authors: Zuo Jing , Yan Han , Qin Siyuan , Yan Yonghao , Wang Shiqi , Yang Li , Yang Jinlin , Yang Jun
Published: October 2024

Despite significant advancements in the treatment of cancer, therapeutic resistance remains a major hurdle for the achievement of full cures. Besides being typically driven by intratumoral heterogeneity, such acquired resistance also relies heavily on cell‐cell communication whereby extracellular vesicles (EVs) carrying resistance‐related components can be transferred from drug‐resistant cells or nontumorigenic members within tumor microenvironment (TME) to their sensitive neighbors. The cargo and membrane surface proteins of EVs derived from drug‐resistant cells and TME cells carry abundant biological information, transferring therapy‐resistant capacity to sensitive cancer cells. Hence, a deep understanding of the roles of EVs in cancer therapy resistance will facilitate identifying biomarkers and developing new approaches to restore therapy sensitivity. In this review, we summarize our current understanding regarding the causes and effects of EV‐mediated cell–cell communication in drug resistance, with a particular notice on how various kinds of cargoes derived from different cells within TME are linked to the resistant phenotype. We also discuss how this knowledge can contribute to improvements in clinical practice, that is, the opportunities and challenges of EVs in functioning as potential biomarkers in predicting therapeutic resistance and, by extension, EV‐based therapy in achieving deeper and longer‐lasting clinical responses.
CRDS‐based measurement of CO/CO2 concentration ratios for assessing transformer insulation aging
Authors: Wu Yuxiang , Ma Tiehua , Zhou Yueting , Gong Ting , Tian Yali , Sun Xiaocong , Guo Guqing , Qiu Xuanbing , Li Chuanliang
Published: October 2024

A gas analyzer has been developed using cavity ring‐down spectroscopy (CRDS) technology, designed to simultaneously measure the concentrations of CO2 and CO. These gases are critical indicators of transformer insulation degradation. The analyzer covers a CO2 concentration range from a few ppm to several thousand ppm and can measure CO/CO2 concentration ratios from 0.076 to 0.8. The selected absorption lines for CO and CO2 are centered at 6337.99 and 6338.59 cm−1, respectively. The two candidate lines are proximate to each other and nonoverlapping. The experimental results indicate that the system accurately fits the measured and calculated signals, enabling concentration measurements at the ppm level. This confirms its ability to measure the gas concentrations and ratios critical for assessing the condition of transformer insulation. This CRDS‐based system offers a reliable and sensitive method for early detection of potential transformer faults.
Large improvement in RF magnetic fields and imaging SNR with whole‐head high‐permittivity slurry helmet for human‐brain MRI applications at 7 T
Authors: Soon Soo Han , Li Xin , Waks Matt , Zhu Xiao‐Hong , Wiesner Hannes M. , Gandji Navid P. , Yang Qing X. , Lanagan Michael T. , Chen Wei
Published: October 2024

Purpose

To optimize the design and demonstrate the integration of a helmet‐shaped container filled with a high‐permittivity material (HPM) slurry with RF head coil arrays to improve RF coil sensitivity and SNR for human‐brain proton MRI.

Methods

RF reception magnetic fields () of a 32‐channel receive‐only coil array with various geometries and permittivity values of HPM slurry helmet are calculated with electromagnetic simulation at 7 T. A 16‐channel transmit‐only coil array, a 32‐channel receive‐only coil array, and a 2‐piece HPM slurry helmet were constructed and assembled. RF transmission magnetic field (), , and MRI SNR maps from the entire human brain were measured and compared.

Results

Simulations showed that averaged improvement with the HPM slurry helmet increased from 57% to 87% as the relative permittivity (εr) of HPM slurry increased from 110 to 210. In vivo experiments showed that the average improvement over the human brain was 14.5% with the two‐piece HPM slurry (εr ≈ 170) helmet, and the average and SNR were improved 63% and 34%, respectively, because the MRI noise level was increased by the lossy HPM.

Conclusion

The RF coil sensitivity and MRI SNR were largely improved with the two‐piece HPM slurry helmet demonstrated by both electromagnetic simulations and in vivo human head experiments at 7 T. The findings demonstrate that incorporating an easily producible HPM slurry helmet into the RF coil array significantly enhances human‐brain MRI SNR homogeneity and quality at ultrahigh field. Greater SNR improvement is anticipated using the less lossy HPM and optimal design.
Simulation of Autogenous Self‐Healing in Lime‐Based Mortars
Authors: De Nardi Cristina , Sayadi Sina , Mihai Iulia , Jefferson Anthony
Published: October 2024

Throughout history, architectural heritage has been constructed using masonry, clay or stone elements, and lime‐based mortars. Over time, old buildings are subjected to different degrees of movement and degradation, leading to the formation of microcracks. Water dissolves and transports lime in mortar, but when the water evaporates, the lime is deposited and heals cracks in a process known as autogenous healing. Lime‐based mortars can regain some mechanical properties due to their healing capacity, given certain conditions. In the present work, a constitutive formulation has been developed to simulate cracking and healing in lime‐based mortars. The proposed model captures the residual displacements within cracks, associated with interacting crack surface asperities, as well as the healing effect on mechanical properties. A new approach is described which expresses these mechanisms mathematically within a micromechanical formulation. The proposed model was validated by comparing the outputs with experimental data. The results show that the new continuum micromechanical damage‐healing model could capture the damage‐healing cycle with good accuracy.
How Can We Show That Artificial Intelligence May Improve Our Assessment and Management of Lower Urinary Tract Dysfunctions?—ICI‐RS 2024
Authors: Finazzi Agrò Enrico , Rosato Eleonora , Kheir George Bou , Rademakers Kevin , Averbeck Márcio Augusto , Tarcan Tufan , Hashim Hashim , Gammie Andrew , Sinha Sanjay , Song Qi‐Xiang , Mohamed‐Ahmed Rayan , Da Silva Anasofia , Lombardo Riccardo , Abrams Paul , Wein Alan , Werneburg Glenn T.
Published: October 2024

Aims

The integration of artificial intelligence (AI) into functional urology management must be assessed for its clinical utility, but hopefully will change, perhaps to revolutionize the way LUTD and other conditions are assessed, the aim being to offer patients more rapid and effective management which enhances patient outcomes. The aim of this proposal, discussed at the ICI‐RS annual meeting, is to evaluate the available evidence on AI and the way it might change the approach to urodynamic (UDS) diagnoses, including overactive bladder syndrome (OAB), and perhaps other LUTDs such as bladder outflow obstruction.

Methods

A compendium of discussion based on the current evidence related to AI and its potential applications in UDS and OAB.

Results

AI‐powered diagnostic tools are being developed to analyze complex datasets from urodynamic studies, imaging, and other diagnostic tests. AI systems can leverage large volumes of clinical data to recommend personalized treatment plans based on individual patient profiles to optimize surgical procedures, enhance diagnostic precision, tailor the therapy, reduce the risk of complications, and improve outcomes. In the future, AI will be able to provide tailored counseling regarding the outcomes and potential side effects of drugs and procedures to a given patient.

Conclusion

AI's role in functional urology has been poorly investigated, and its implementation across several areas may improve clinical care and the pathophysiological understanding of functional urologic conditions.
Stimulated echo acquisition mode (STEAM) diffusion tensor imaging with different diffusion encoding times in the supraspinatus muscle: Test–retest reliability and comparison to spin echo diffusion tensor imaging
Authors: Marth Adrian Alexander , Sommer Stefan , Feiweier Thorsten , Sutter Reto , Nanz Daniel , von Deuster Constantin
Published: October 2024

Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) provides insight into the skeletal muscle microstructure and can be acquired using a stimulated echo acquisition mode (STEAM)‐based approach to quantify time‐dependent tissue diffusion. This study examined diffusion metrics and signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR) in the supraspinatus muscle obtained with a STEAM‐DTI sequence with different diffusion encoding times (Δ) and compared them to measures from a spin echo (SE) sequence. Ten healthy subjects (mean age 31.5 ± 4.7 years; five females) underwent 3‐Tesla STEAM and SE‐DTI of the shoulder in three sessions. STEAM was acquired with Δ of 100/200/400/600 ms. The diffusion encoding time in SE scans was 19 ms (b = 500 s/mm2). Region of interest‐based measurement of fractional anisotropy (FA), mean diffusivity (MD), and SNR was performed. Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) were computed to assess test–retest reliability. ANOVA with post‐hoc pairwise tests was used to compare measures between different Δ of STEAM as well as STEAM and SE, respectively. FA was significantly higher (FASTEAM: 0.38–0.46 vs. FASE: 0.26) and MD significantly lower (MDSTEAM: 1.20–1.33 vs. MDSE: 1.62 × 10−3 mm2/s) in STEAM compared to SE (p < 0.001, respectively). SNR was significantly higher for SE (72.3 ± 8.7) than for STEAM (p < 0.001). ICCs were excellent for FA in STEAM (≥0.911) and SE (0.960). For MD, ICCs were good for STEAM100ms–600ms (≥0.759) and SE (0.752). STEAM and SE exhibited excellent reliability for FA and good reliability for MD in the supraspinatus muscle. SNR was significantly higher in SE compared to STEAM.
Treatment of inelastic material models within a dynamic ALE formulation for structures subjected to moving loads
Authors: Anantheswar Atul , Wollny Ines , Kaliske Michael
Published: October 2024

This article showcases the development of a dynamic Arbitrary Lagrangian Eulerian (ALE) formulation to account for inelastic material models within a finite element framework. Such a formulation is commonly utilized in research domains like fluid mechanics, fluid‐structure interaction, quasi static remeshing techniques, and quasi static load movement. The work at hand describes the application of the ALE formulation to efficiently analyse structures subjected to moving loads in the field of transient inelastic solid mechanics. In particular, structures such as pavements, gantry crane girders etc., which are subjected to moving loads, can be numerically simulated, and their transient response in the relevant region around the load can be obtained without relying on moving loads. The focus of this article is to facilitate the treatment of history variables stemming from inelastic material models. Of particular interest is the advection procedure required to transport the history variables through the mesh, as the material appears to flow through it. The mathematical framework necessary to treat this advection process is described in detail, considering a nonlinear viscoelastic material model on a neo‐Hookean base at finite deformations. Then, four methods for numerically achieving the advection are implemented within a transient finite element ALE formulation. These methods are compared against each other, and additionally with the conventional Lagrangian method for validation. The results demonstrate satisfactory agreement with conventional simulation methods, while offering a significant improvement in terms of computation speed. With the work at hand, the dynamic response of inelastic materials subjected to moving loads can be numerically simulated in a computationally efficient manner.
Iterative time integration for poroelasticity with nonlinear permeability
Authors: Altmann Robert , Deiml Matthias
Published: October 2024

In this paper, we consider iterative time stepping schemes for poroelasticity including a nonlinearity in the flow equation. For this, we extend recently introduced schemes, which converge with first‐ and second‐order in the linear case, to the nonlinear setting. In each step of the iteration process, the elastic and flow equations are decoupled, which automatically linearizes the system. Numerical examples prove the efficiency of the iterative schemes.