bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
APPLICATION OF MACHINE LEARNING FOR PREDICTING PRESSURE DROP IN FLUIDIZED DENSE PHASE PNEUMATIC CONVEYING
Authors: Shijo J. S. , Behera Niranjana
Published: April 2024

It is difficult to model the pressure drop that occurs in fluidized dense phase conveying (FDP) of powders because the flow involves several interactions among the solid, gas, and pipe wall. These interactions are challenging to include in a model. Pressure drop is influenced by geometrical, material, and flow properties. When used with different pipeline designs that have different pipeline lengths or diameters, the current models exhibit considerable inaccuracy. The current work explores how machine learning (ML) algorithms can estimate the pressure drop in the FDP conveying of particles. The network was trained using experimental data from pneumatic conveying, and it subsequently used that information to predict pressure drops. For estimating the pressure drop, four distinct ML algorithms-AdaBoost, CatBoost, gradient boosting, and random forest-were selected. AdaBoost, CatBoost, gradient boosting, and random forest models predicted the data of pressure drop with MAE of 20.72, 4.06, 4.68, and 3.0, respectively, for training as well as testing data. The AdaBoost model performed more poorly in predicting the pressure drop than other models considered for the study, with ± 10% error margin while training and evaluating the data and ± 10% error margin in validating the data.
EXPERIMENTATION AND CFD MODELING OF A SINGLE SLOPE SOLAR STILL
Authors: Warkad Shantam , Jha Jay Mant , Malik Iram , Saini Gaurav , Dwivedi Gaurav , Suresh Sundarmurti
Published: April 2024

In the quest to provide water security, solar energy-based water desalination systems have emerged as a promising solution to support the need for water supply. A solar still principally works on solar energy-based water distillation. Worldwide, numerous investigations have been carried out on solar stills to improve their efficiency and productivity. In the present work, an ANSYS Fluent module has been used to investigate numerically the variation of temperature and radiation absorption coefficients on the solar still performance under different water depths. It has been observed that with the increase in water level, the maximum temperature achieved within the still decreases. The radiation absorption coefficient with a higher water level (0.0937 m) is 0.53967 m-1 as compared to other cases with lower water levels (0.0625, 0.0312, and 0.0156 m), which have radiation absorption coefficients of 0.53999, 0.53999, and 0.53999 m-1, respectively. The experimentation with a hybrid setup of single slope solar still and a flat plate collector (FPC) [MANIT, Bhopal, India (23.2599° N, 77.4126° E)] has been used to record for three consecutive days during sunshine hours in January. The parameters have been analyzed for a comparative study of convective, evaporative, and radiative heat transfer coefficients.
'Here we Punish, Here we Discipline': Forced Displacement, Silencing and the Multiple Faces of Violence in Cabo Delgado, Mozambique
Authors: Chambe Zacarias Milisse
Published: April 2024

Forced displacement and silencing are inextricably bound for communities who have experienced different forms of violence in different contexts. This article explores the narratives about the war that began on 5 October 2017 in the district of Mocímboa da Praia, on the coast of the province of Cabo Delgado, northern Mozambique, by a group of radical guerrillas locally known as mashababe. Since then, from isolated attacks on remote villages, violence has spread to more districts in the region, with kidnappings of civilians, looting of barns and houses, thus imposing the forced displacement of hundreds of thousands of people in addition to an inestimable number of dead and missing people. This article combines the history and ethnographic work carried out between 2018 and 2021 with the homeless populations from conflict regions and hosted in the 'Nacaca Displaced Persons Camp' (Campo de Deslocados de Nacaca), built in the district of Montepuez, south of Cabo Delgado, a region previously considered safe. The aim of this paper is to analyse how the multiple faces of traumatic violence (physical, psychological and symbolic) are processed in which war victims are continually exposed through silencing imposed by different actors who frequent their new places of refuge.
Optimization of irrigation (ETc) and nitrogen levels under drip fertigation in okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L.) using response surface methodology (RSM)
Authors: C Lokesh  , B Balaji Naik  , M Uma Devi  , M Venkateswara Reddy
Published: April 2024

A comprehensive field investigation was conducted to enhance the productivity, profitability, and water use efficiency (WUE) of summer okra through the optimization of irrigation and nitrogen fertilizer application. The study involved 3 irrigation levels – 0.75 Epan (pan evaporation) as I1, 1.00 Epan as I2, and 1.25 Epan as I3 – as the main plot factors, and 4 nitrogen concentrations – 75% recommended nitrogen dose (RDN) as N1, 100% RDN as N2, 125% RDN as N3, and 150% RDN as N4 – as the subplot variables. The results of the study revealed a significant influence of irrigation and nitrogen levels on various key parameters. Above-ground dry matter, yield, plant height, WUE, net returns, and benefit-to-cost ratio (B:C) exhibited an incremental trend with increasing irrigation and nitrogen levels, up to a certain threshold. Beyond this threshold, further increments in irrigation and nitrogen led to diminishing returns. The models developed for estimating crop yield, above-ground dry matter, plant height, WUE, net returns, and B:C demonstrated impressive accuracy, with high coefficients of determination (R2) and satisfactory precision. The optimized irrigation level (crop evapotranspiration, ETc) ranged from 418.39–441.23 mm. At the same time, the ideal nitrogen application rate was found to be in the range of 167.04–176.13 kg N/ha. These optimal conditions resulted in peak crop yield of 28 295 kg/ha, above-ground dry matter of 6 709.1 kg/ha, plant height of 66.3 cm, WUE of 5.26 kg/m3, B:C of 4.54, and net returns amounting to 441 133 INR/ha. In conclusion, the application of response surface methodology facilitated the identification of the impact of each factor on individual responses, as well as the determination of optimal conditions that simultaneously maximize multiple desirable outcomes. These findings hold significant promise for improving the cultivation of summer okra while optimizing resource use and economic returns.
Degradation of methyl orange by the Fenton-like reaction of pyrite-activated hydrogen peroxide forming the Fe(III)/Fe(II) cycle
Authors: Wenlong Bi  , Ruojin Du  , Hui Liu  , Peng Fu  , Zhenguo Li
Published: April 2024

In this study, the typical azo dye methyl orange (MO) was degraded by pyrite (FeS2) activated by hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). When [MO] = 0.1 mM, [FeS2] = 2.0 g/L and [H2O2] = 22 mM, 96.4% MO was removed in 120 min and the TOC removal rate was higher than 50%. HO• was the primary radical responsible for MO degradation. In addition, the acid condition promoted the degradation of MO in the FeS2/H2O2 system. MO in tap water and river water was not effectively degraded, whereas acidification could weaken the inhibitory effect on the FeS2/H2O2 system to enable the degradation of MO in tap and river water. The OD600 indicated that the solution was environmentally friendly after the reaction, and three degradation pathways of MO were discussed. In summary, Fe(II) could be dissolved from FeS2, which activated H2O2 to generate Fe(III) and HO•. FeS2 could reduce Fe(III) into Fe(II), thus realizing the Fe(III)/(II) cycle and efficiently activating H2O2 to degrade MO.
Комплексирование космической съемки и геоэлектрических методов при диагностике химического загрязнения геологической среды
Authors: Гусев Андрей Петрович
Published: April 2024

Введение: Работа посвящена оценке химического загрязнения геологической среды на основе сопряженного использования космической съемки и геоэлектрических методов. Методика: Разработан комплекс методов, состоящий из многозональной космической съемки (снимки спутников Sentinel-2) и геоэлектрических исследований (резистивиметрия поверхностных вод, съемка потенциала естественного электрического поля, вертикальное электрическое зондированием методом сопротивлений). В качестве индикаторов загрязнения использованы: вегетационные индексы и удельное электрическое сопротивление поверхностных вод и компонентов геологической среды (почвогрунты, подземные воды, горные породы). Результаты и их обсуждение: В зоне влияния склада серы выделены техногенные модификации геосистем, отличающиеся по величине вегетационных индексов (ТМ-1, ТМ-2 и фоновая геосистема); по градиенту воздействия величина NDVI изменяется в 2‒2.3 раза, величине NBR – 2.3‒ 3.2 раза, величина SWVI в 4‒21.4 раза; минерализация поверхностных вод изменяется от 0.3‒1.1 до 3.5‒10 г/дм3 ; выполнена оценка химического загрязнения верхней части геологической среды, определены направление движения загрязнения от источника, площадь и глубина загрязнения; по данным вертикального электрического зондирования в зоне ТМ-1 загрязнение проникло на глубину до 20 м. Заключение: Разработанный комплекс методов позволяет оперативно и достаточно полно диагностировать состояние геологической среды, подвергающейся техногенному воздействию.
Determining the Quality of Measuring the Level of Lower Extremity Joint Movement in Inclusive Physical Education Using Electronic IT Resources
Authors: Mykytyuk Zinoviy , Blavt Oksana , Iedynak Gennadii , Galamanzhuk Lesia , Klius Olena , Panasiuk Oleksandr , Kovalchuk Volodymyr , Khomych Anatolii
Published: April 2024

Objectives. The study aimed to investigate the quality characteristics of the tool developed based on electronic IT resources for measuring the level of movements in the joints of the lower limbs of students with disabilities caused by injuries.
Material and methods. The experimental study involved 32 first-year students who had sustained lower limb injuries as a result of the war and were in remission. The methods used included analysis, synthesis, systematization, generalization, technical modeling, pedagogical experiments, and mathematical statistics.
Results. A means of measuring movements in the joints of the lower limbs has been developed using electronic IT resources. The basis of the tool is a measuring line consisting of a printed circuit board on which is placed a design of capacitive sensors, a switching line, and a signal converter that measures the signal received by the sensors. The measurement results are transmitted to the controller and then to the PC via an interface implemented based on Bluetooth wireless technology. To implement the measuring tool, a controller is used, which has a board built on the synthesis of the Arduino electronic hardware platform and the Raspberry Pi minicomputer. The test results are displayed on the PC monitor screen. The determination of the qualitative characteristics of the test, in the case of recording the results of a tool developed on the basis of electronic IT resources for measuring the level of movements in the joints of the lower limbs of students with disabilities, established that the level of reliability of the test is above 0.90 (“excellent”) validity – from 0, 6 (“high”). Empirical data collected directly from the experiment have a low level of reliability: qualitative indicators of reliability in the range are below 0.70 (“may have limited applicability”), validity – < 0.3 (“low validity”).
Conclusions. Developed based on electronic IT resources, the tool for measuring the level of movements in the joints of the lower limbs of students with disabilities due to limb injuries has significant advantages, such as the availability of functions, ease of use and efficiency. Ensuring high efficiency and objectivity of control contributes to performing control operations in real-time. By using assessment tools with a high level of reliability and validity, we ensure the detection of reliable changes in the state of the joints of the lower limbs of students with disabilities, thus eliminating the influence of errors in making managerial decisions in the planning process of their PE.
An analytical method for the quantitation (20-8,000 ppb) of Ergot Alkaloids in Wheat grain. v1
Authors: Mostrom Michelle , Benson Kelly , Webb Brett
Published: April 2024

Ten ergot alkaloids are quantified in wheat and rye grains at concentrations ranging 20-8,000 ppb using HPLC-MS/MS. Briefly, 5 grams of ground sample is mixed with 40 mL of an extraction solution (ACN-water; 84/16, v/v + 200 mg/L Ammonium Carbonate, pH 8.5) was added to each tube, agitated for 30 min on a horizontal shaker at 150 cycles per min, let to sit for 1h to ensure adequate extraction of analytes and filtered through a Whatman 54 filter paper into a new tube. An aliquot of 4mL was pushed through Mycosep 150 Ergot column. An aliquot of 500 mL was mixed with 500 mL of dihydroergocristine at 100 ng/mL in the extraction buffer (internal standard) and centrifuged at 10 000 RPM for 5 min to remove any possible particulate matter. An aliquot of 100 mL was transferred into autosampler vial and injected (2 mL) into Agilent 6460C UHPLC–MS/MS equipped with guarded Agilent Zorbax Eclipse Plus C18 column (2.1 50mm, 1.8 micron). Validation data (in-house and via collaborative studies such as Blinded Method Test) are available in the following publication: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33394021/
NDB_covid19_medical_resource_usage v1
Authors: Fukuyama Keita
Published: April 2024

Purpose: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemicexhibited several different waves threatening global health care. During this pandemic, medical resources were depleted.However, the kind of medical resources providedto each wave was not clarified. This study aimed to examine the characteristicsof medical care provision at COVID-19 peaks in preparation for the nextpandemic. Methods: Using medical insurance claim records in Japan, weexamined the presence or absence of COVID-19 infection and the use of medicalresources for all patients monthly by age group. Results: The wave around August 2021 with the Delta strainhad the strongest impact on the working population in terms of hospital admission and respiratory support. For healthcare providers, this peak had the highestfrequency of severely ill patients. In the subsequent wave, although the number of patients with COVID-19 remained high,they were predominantly older adults, with relatively fewer patients receiving intensivecare. Conclusions: In future pandemics, we should refer to the wavearound August 2021 as a situation of medical resource shortage resulting fromthe COVID-19 pandemic. Key words: COVID-19, NDB, medical resource
Direct Detection of poliovirus and Nanopore Sequencing (DDNS) - Stool v2
Authors: Shaw Alex , Troman Catherine , Akello Joyce , Bujaki Erika , Majumdar Manasi , Fitz Shannon , Bellekom Ben , OToole Aine , not provided c.ansley , not provided rachel.colquhoun , not provided arshady , not provided khurshida , not provided alammu , Rambaut Andrew , Martin Javier , Grassly Nick
Published: April 2024

This protocol is an update from the protocol described in the paper "Rapid and sensitive direct detection and identification of poliovirus from stool and environmental surveillance samples using nanopore sequencing" by Shaw et al in the Journal of Clinical Microbiology (2020), DOI: 10.1128/JCM.00920-20 and is commonly known as Direct Detection of Poliovirus by Nanopore Sequencing (DDNS). The protocol aims to amplify the VP1 region of poliovirus through a semi-nested PCR using a pan-Enterovirus primer and polio specific primers followed by amplification of the VP1 region using a polio specific primer set. We use barcoded primers as this greatly simplifies the subsequent library preparation process. This protocol is for use with Oxford Nanopore kit14 chemistry ligation sequencing reagents and can be used with the MinION Mk1B or GridION sequencer. Within the protocol steps, quality control checks are included and follow the workflow set out in the document "Quality Control and Data Recording for DDNS".
Ferreting the Efficacy of Action-Oriented Approach in Indian ESL Classroom: Learners’ Notion
Authors: R Mohammed Ismail , S Prasantha Kumar N
Published: April 2024

The ‘Action-Oriented Approach’ proposes a new paradigm for teaching and learning languages, a pedagogical framework founded on the idea that language is a social practice and a tool for action. This study examines how Indian ESL students feel about AOA and its advantages in increasing English language competence among tertiary-level pupils in India. To gather data from 156 engineering stream students, including crucial key research objectives, the current study used a quantitative technique with survey instruments. Survey data were collected using a Five-Point Likert scale. The study results show that, in general, ESL students are in favour of assisting language learners to gain competency in various scenarios using an action-oriented approach. The statement "Action-Oriented Approach helps the learners to develop language proficiency in a variety of contexts" received the highest grade (x=4.2692) from the majority of ESL learners (94.2%). Overall, this study contributes to a greater understanding of Indian language acquisition strategies. The study’s outcomes highlight the benefits of implementing action-oriented approaches in ESL classes and the potential repercussions on pupils’ language fluency in English the Action-Oriented Approach was deemed an outstanding technique by a large number of ESL students, particularly for improving their comprehension of English.
Wittgenstein’s Conception of Translation in His Later Philosophy of Language as an Approach to Cummings’s Untranslatable Concrete Poetry
Authors: Fang Junnan
Published: April 2024

E.E. Cummings’s concrete poetry raises the canonical problem of poetic untranslatability. It is commonly accepted that a poem is constituted as a unity of form and content, and any change in the form of a poem results in the loss of the poetic value and, eventually, translation failure. Two basic approaches have been proposed regarding the untranslatability of Cummings’s concrete poetry: mimicry and equivalence of effect. However, the former is impractical, and the latter is an indirect one. This paper proposes employing Wittgenstein’s conception of translation in his later philosophy of language to solve the question of the untranslatability of Cummings’s concrete poetry. By analysing three of Cummings’s concrete poems ‘r-p-o-p-h-e-s-s-a-g-r’, ‘mOOn Over tOwns mOOn’, and ‘Buffalo Bill’s’, this study suggests that poetry is translatable in the sense that the same language-game in the source text (ST) can be played in the target text (TT) by reconstruction or invention.
A Study on Interpersonal Meaning of Engagement Resources in the First Speeches of British Prime Ministers (54th - 57th)
Authors: Zhang Wenjun , Wang Zhengxiao , Feng Haoze
Published: April 2024

Appraisal Theory expands on the concept of the interpersonal meaning found in Systemic Functional Linguistics. As one of the three distinct types of the Appraisal System, the Engagement System (ES) is frequently employed to deconstruct the speakers’ position in their speeches to better understand how they manipulate interpersonal interactions with their audience. The UAM Corpus Tool 6.0 was applied in this study to undertake an in-depth quantitative and qualitative analysis of four different British Prime Ministerial First Speeches (BPMFS) from the 54th to 57th Prime Ministers. It was found that three Engagement Resources (ERs) were mainly employed in the selected BPMFSs: Assertion Resources help British Prime Ministers take responsibility for directly introducing their evaluation into the text; Entertainment Resources contribute to opening the dialogic space to bridge differences; and through Disclamation Resources (including Denial and Countering Resources), Prime Ministers can oppose suspicion to build rapport with their recipients and establish common goals for a more prosperous future.
The Impact of Machine Translation on the Development of Tourism Translation From the Perspectives of Translators and Experts in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Alhaj Ali Albashir Mohammed
Published: April 2024

Regardless of its distinction for touring and tourism communication, the subject of machine translation has not been dealt with regarding tourism investigation. This study aims to bridge this gap in knowledge by exploring machine translation (MT) technology in the development of tourism translation from the perspectives of translators and translation experts in Saudi Arabia. To attain the three objectives of the study, the researcher applied the quantitative approach. For data gathering, a 12-item opinion poll was disseminated among a random sample group that consisted of 80 translators and translation experts who were selected at random from several Saudi universities, top translation services companies, and tourism organizations during the current academic year 1445/AH/2024 CE. The findings of this study discovered that many translators and translation experts had positive perspectives on utilizing machine translation (MT) technology in the development of tourism translation around the world today in general and Saudi Arabia in particular. Moreover, the perspectives of these translators and translation experts on the difficulties and intricacy confronted in applying machine translation (MT) technology in the tourism translation industry were highly positive. Over half of the participants (51.42%) perceived that machine translation (MT) can help overcome obstacles encountered by translators in the field of tourism. The findings revealed that translators and translation experts in the realm of the tourism industry have a promising future thanks to the relationship between machine translation (MT) and tourism translation.
El moralismo de nuestro plato: reflexiones sobre la alimentación contemporánea
Authors:   Universidad Católica de Santa Fe, Nessier María
Published: April 2024

Antecedentes: el presente trabajo pretendió abordar, desde un enfoque crítico, los discursos dominantes sobre la alimentación saludable en el campo de la promoción de la salud. Reflexión: las exploraciones sobre el tema permitieron evidenciar las tensiones vinculadas a la normalización de los patrones de consumo como estrategia de moralización dietética que se encuentra instalada en los discursos de la alimentación saludable. Conclusión: estos discursos vienen siendo atravesados por una narrativa normalizadora que ha contribuido a la masificación de recomendaciones sobre consumos alimentarios, independiente de las particularidades socioeconómicas, culturales y simbólicas de los grupos poblacionales. Se identifica una uniformidad de los discursos alimentarios desarraigados de su contexto social y cultural. La dieta saludable se visualiza como una nueva categoría organizadora. Se precisa rediscutir las recomendaciones en torno a la alimentación saludable para que estas no profundicen desigualdades, y recuperar así la alimentación como hecho social y objeto político.
Engineering method to determine metal temperature state when it is heated
Authors:   Donetsk National Technical University, Birukov A.B. , Turulina J.O. ,   Donetsk National Technical University
Published: April 2024

Currently, the determination of the temperature profile of the furnace required to ensure the specified heating parameters of the metal is carried out using the temperature measurement method or mathematical models. They are most based on solution of the differential equation of non-stationary thermal conductivity. Previously, the thermal diagram method of I.D. Semikin was widely used. It allows us, under given heating conditions, to determine heating duration. In practice, it is important to develop a simple engineering method that would allow the temperature field of the metal to be determined with sufficient accuracy under given heating conditions. The development is based on the thermal diagram method of I.D. Semikina. But at the same time, the final equation describing the heat balance of the metal within the furnace zone is solved relative to the enthalpy of the metal at the exit from the zone. The specified heating conditions (productivity, zone temperature) are used to determine the quantities of the right-hand side of the equation (time heating, average heat flux density). The authors have proposed the method for continuous furnaces of various types (push-type and with a mechanized hearth) that allows us for a given productivity and temperature profile of the furnace to calculate the change in the temperature state of the metal for all heating zones, from the moment of loading to the release of metal. The adequacy of the proposed methodology has been tested for two types of furnaces. For methodical push-type furnaces, the results obtained have been compared to the results of modeling the temperature state of the metal using a numerical method. The discrepancy between the results after passing the inertial heating period does not exceed 1 %. For a walking-beam furnace the calculated value of the metal surface temperature after the furnace has been compared with the results of operational measurements. The discrepancy is less than 2 %. The totality of the results obtained ensures the achievement of the research goal. The proposed method is based on the heat balance equation and allows us to consider it to be correct. It is an engineering method and quite simple to implement. The method is recommended to be used to design furnaces and to calculate the temperature profile of furnaces by engineering departments of metallurgical enterprises.
Prenatal ultrasound diagnostics and sociopsychological support as rehabilitation measures in patients with congenital cleft palate complicated by anomalies of other organs and systems
Authors: Rogozhina Yulia S. , Blokhina Svetlana I. , Bimbas Evgenia S. , Naboichenko Evgenia S.
Published: April 2024

BACKGROUND: Prenatal ultrasound diagnostics and sociopsychological support in the early rehabilitation of children with congenital cleft palate combined with malformations of other organs and systems complement the unified algorithm of dynamic monitoring and rehabilitation treatment of these patients. Thus, predicting the choice of techniques and the system of rehabilitation prescriptions became possible.
AIM: To present the experience of prenatal ultrasound diagnostics and sociopsychological support during pregnancy for the early rehabilitation of a patient with cleft palate combined with malformations of other organs and systems.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study was conducted in the Multiprofile Clinical Medical Center “Bonum” in Yekaterinburg. For 24 years, from the analysis of medical records of the organizational and rehabilitation process of 2,475 patients with congenital cleft lip and/or palate receiving comprehensive care (1998–2022), 823 (33.25%) patients who had with cleft palate and malformations of other organs and systems were enrolled in this study. The discharge epicrises of the pregnancy and the timing of intrauterine ultrasound diagnostics of the fetus were studied, and the history of childbirth and anamnesis of newborns and timing of their routing and registration in the specialized “Bonum” Center were analyzed. At the time of the initial outpatient appointment at the center, parents’ responses to a survey on the nature of emotional and psychological experiences during the prenatal ultrasound examination of the fetus, period of “bearing” pregnancy, and birth of a baby with a complex anatomical and physiological pathology were analyzed.
RESULTS: Ultrasound examination of the fetus during uterine development registered 292 (35.48%) of 823 cases of a combination of congenital cleft palate and anomalies of other organs and systems. The main forms of malformations in the fetus were established in the second (n=99, 33.90%) and third (n=185, 63.36%) trimester pregnancy screening. Mothers who were told about the results of ultrasound diagnostics of the fetus showed anxiety and emotional lability. The use of psychocorrectional and socially significant measures during the diagnosis of fetal pathologies and at the time deciding whether to continue pregnancy, as well as the newborn period, which relieved the psycho-emotional tension of parents, was proposed.
CONCLUSION: Early rehabilitation of patients with congenital cleft palate combined with malformations of other organs and systems should be provided as an integral part of the complex rehabilitation therapy. Sociopsychological support of the family from the period of prenatal diagnosis of the fetus who had multiple malformations is necessary at all stages of pregnancy and rehabilitation treatment of the child.
Assessment of the actual nutrition of students of Voronezh Medical University
Authors: Makarova Irina O. , Popov Valery I. , Choporov Oleg N.
Published: April 2024

BACKGROUND: At a young age, nutrition is the main factor necessary for maintaining and strengthening health during the period of growth and development.
AIM: To analyze the nutrition status and its shortcomings in students in an educational institution.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: This cross-sectional study was conducted in a medical university in 2021 to 2023. A survey of 1,200 1st-year to 3d-year students in the following specialties was performed: medical science (n=401, 93 males and 308 females), pediatrics (n=405, 54 boys and 351 girls), and dentistry (n=394, 101 males and 293 females). The participants were 18–22 years old. Age groups were made to determine differences in students’ food preferences that arise with age. Anthropometric indicators were taken from all study participants, and body mass index was calculated. The participants were also asked to use the Personalized Diet 5.0 software package to make up their daily diet for subsequent analyses and identify emerging trends in the nutrition status of young people.
RESULTS: Some negative aspects of the nutrition status of medical university students were identified, which, without proper attention and prevention, can lead to various pathological conditions. The main trends in the nutrition status of students were identified, namely, the content of high-carbohydrate foods in the diet, extremely low content of some micro- and macroelements in the diet, etc.
CONCLUSION: The results of this study revealed issues in the current nutrition status of medical university students and the need to improve it.
Features of the biological development of schoolchildren in the Moscow region with different levels of health
Authors: Solovieva Yuliya V. , Milushkina Olga Yu. , Paunova Svetlana S. , Fedotov Denis M. , Scoblina Natalia A. , Tatarinchik Andrey A. , Ivanov Mikhail S.
Published: April 2024

BACKGROUND: The study of the health status of children and the dynamics of the physical and biological development of schoolchildren remains an urgent scientific issue both in our country and worldwide. The lifestyles of modern children and adolescents change based on regional standards for physical and biological development.
AIM: To analyze the dynamics of puberty in modern schoolchildren depending on their health status and update biological development standards of schoolchildren in the Moscow region.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: In the 2020s, an observational single-center cross-sectional study of the health status and physical and biological development of schoolchildren aged 12–16 years was performed in Moscow. Physical and biological development was assessed in each age and sex group according to standard methods using certified anthropometric instruments to measure height and weight.
RESULTS: The study involved 508 schoolchildren with different levels of health, who were divided into groups 1 (n=107, 21.1%), 2 (n=208, 58.7%), and 3 (n=103, 20.2%). Diseases of the eye and its adnexal apparatus (24%) were prevalent functional abnormalities, and musculoskeletal system and connective tissue diseases were found in 20% of the sample. The level of biological development in groups 1 and 2 in comparison with group 3 did not differ significantly (р 0.05); however, later development of secondary sexual characteristics tended to occur in schoolchildren with chronic diseases. Significant (р=0.038) differences in the age at menarche in girls were found depending on the level of physical development. Thus, when developing standards for biological development, data of schoolchildren in groups 1 and 2 must be considered.
CONCLUSION: The results of this study clearly demonstrated the prevalence of functional abnormalities and chronic diseases of various nosologies among schoolchildren in the Moscow region. The results of the study provided an update on the standards for the biological development of schoolchildren in Moscow.
Current understanding of the connection between endometriosis and intestinal microbiocenosis: a literature review
Authors: Shelekhova Marina S. , Modorskaya Anna N. , Fil'chakova Angelina N. , Grudkova Yuliya V. , Rayevskiy Kirill P.
Published: April 2024

Endometriosis is a complex condition that affects at least 10% of women in their reproductive years worldwide. It is characterized by persistent pelvic pain, dysmenorrhea, impaired pelvic organ function, infertility, and psychological distress. Alarmingly, about 30% of patients experience a recurrence of the disease even after receiving full treatment. Given the urgent nature of this problem, extensive studies are regularly conducted to investigate the various factors that contribute to the development of endometriosis. One area of particular interest is the relationship between the condition and changes in the intestinal microflora.
Research suggests that endometriosis is primarily associated with a decrease in the number of Lactobacillus bacteria and an increase in the presence of potentially harmful flora, including Enterobacteriaceae, Bifidobacterium, Parabacteroides, Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Cyanobacteria, Saccharibacteria, Fusobacteria etc. Furthermore, there is a focus on the ratio of Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes. Such dysbiosis leads to abnormal cytokine expression and immune cell dysfunction, ultimately resulting in chronic inflammation. A correlation has been found between changes in the intestinal microflora in endometriosis and an increase in the levels of TNF-α, NF-κB, and IL-8. Additionally, the condition has been linked to factors related to apoptosis (Fas and Bax), proliferation (epidermal growth factor), and angiogenesis (VEGF).
Another significant aspect is the role of the intestinal microbiota in the breakdown of estrogen. Enzymes such as β-glucuronidase and β-glucosidase, secreted by the microbiota, contribute to the breakdown of estrogen and subsequently increase the levels of free estrogen in the bloodstream. This increase in free estrogen is believed to play a role in the development of endometriosis by promoting the proliferative activity of endometrial cells. It further confirms the significance of intestinal dysbiosis in the pathogenesis of the disease.
However, despite these findings, additional research is still required to fully understand the mechanisms behind the development of endometriosis.
Interrelation between gut microbiota and bronchial asthma
Authors: Potaman Anastasia M. , Pyatysheva Polina A. , Plotnikova Ksenia A. , Kobak Maria-Mishel M. , Abdusalamov Ahmed R. , Raevskiy Kirill P.
Published: April 2024

Bronchial asthma is a chronic disease of the respiratory tract, and its etiology and pathogenesis have not been studied adequately. Many authors suggest that intestinal microbiota significantly contributed to its etiology. The existence of a gut–lung connection, through which bacterial metabolites influence airway sensibilization, has been proven. Certainly, the formation of this connection in childhood is important. This study provides a review of indigenous and foreign studies concerning the influence of the quantitative and qualitative compositions of intestinal microbiota and certain metabolites of commensals on the manifestation of bronchial asthma. This topic is relevant because of the widespread overuse of antibiotic therapy and the availability of possible ways to prevent the development of bronchial asthma if the influence of the microbiota on its pathogenesis is detected.
This study also tried to examine the influence of antibiotic therapy on pregnant women and young children at risk of bronchial asthma, a relationship confirmed in many studies. Despite the large number of studies, the use of probiotics for the treatment and prevention of this disease is still debatable.
Segmental arterial mediolysis: vasculopathy presenting as acute abdominal pain
Authors: Pulandran Sahilan , Ramachandren Thavenesh , Puckridge Phillip
Published: April 2024

Segmental arterial mediolysis, initially termed segmental mediolytic arteritis, is a rare noninflammatory, non-atherosclerotic vasculopathy that primarily affects visceral arteries. SAM presents with a unique skip pattern of arterial involvement and is characterized by the degeneration of the arterial medial layer, leading to various vascular abnormalities. We present the case of a fit and healthy 50-year-old Male who sought medical attention for the sudden onset of severe abdominal pain. This led to the diagnosis of SAM after repeated imaging and blood investigations. The considered differential diagnoses include fibromuscular dysplasia, vasculitis, and mycotic aneurysms. This case underscores the importance of clinical awareness and multidisciplinary collaboration in diagnosis and managing SAM, offering valuable insights into its clinical presentation and the complexities surrounding its diagnosis and treatment. Conclusively, SAM is treated conservatively by emphasizing blood pressure control, antiplatelet therapy, and anticoagulation. However, endovascular intervention is deemed necessary if there is evidence of end-organ ischemia.
Zinner syndrome in a case of male infertility: a case report
Authors: M. Rashika , Jain Vishal , Netam S. B. S. , Verma Ghanshyam
Published: April 2024

Zinner syndrome is a rare congenital malformation formed by the developmental anomaly of distal portion of the wolffian duct. It is an unusual cause of infertility and dysuria among young males. It is associated with ipsilateral renal agenesis, seminal vesical cyst, and ejaculatory duct obstruction. We herein report a rare case of a Zinner syndrome, in a patient of primary infertility. He also presented with complaints of chronic pelvic pain and dysuria. Any young patients of male infertility or unspecified pelvic complaints should be evaluated for Zinner syndrome and surgical intervention is the mainstay treatment for symptomatic patients.
Incidental finding of Taenia saginata during laparotomy for penetrating abdominal trauma by stab wound
Authors: Tongale Ram V. , Khandare Ravi R.
Published: April 2024

Taenia saginata (T. saginata) is worldwide in distribution. T. saginata has been known as intestinal parasite of man from very ancient times. We report a case of incidental finding of T. saginata during laparotomy for penetrating abdominal trauma by stab wound. The incidental finding of T. saginata during surgery for penetrating abdominal trauma though rare but it accounts for high mortality and morbidity in patients who have penetrating abdominal trauma. It is therefore importance in increasing public knowledge about food hygiene and elimination of worm for better postoperative outcome in patient with abdominal trauma.
Ileo-ileal intussusception secondary to malignant metastatic melanoma: a case report
Authors: Menon Rahul , Iyer Ramesh
Published: April 2024

Intestinal intussusception in adults is a rare manifestation and almost certainly represents a pathological lead point such as a neoplasm. We present such a case of ileo-ileal intussusception with an extraluminal deposit of metastatic melanoma (MM) acting as a lead point. A 48-year-old gentleman presented with small bowel obstruction secondary to ileo-ileal intussusception. His past medical history included an advanced cutaneous melanoma awaiting work-up. An emergency laparotomy with small-bowel resection and primary anastomosis was performed. Histopathological analysis confirmed metastatic melanoma and systemic therapy was commenced. Melanoma commonly metastases to the small intestine, they often present with intussusception and small bowel obstruction or bleeding. The risk factors for metastatic spread include superficial spreading melanoma, a Clark level of III or IV, Breslow thickness above 1mm, regression, ulceration, and high mitotic rate. Diagnosis is made radiologically with CT, endoscopy, contrast studies or nuclear medicine. Emergency operative management is indicated to relieve the obstruction and definitive therapy is indicated. Malignant melanoma with distal metastases is considered a stage IV disease and such patients are subject to systemic therapy including surgical resection, chemotherapy, immunotherapy, or a combination of all three. Ileo-ileal intussusception with MM as a lead point is a very rare presentation in antemortem patients. A CT scan is the investigatory modality of choice and emergency surgery is indicated to relieve obstruction and obtain histology. Prognosis is poor but novel immunotherapy agents herald opportunities even in palliative patients.
Supervised machine learning to predict non-home discharge following surgical treatment of pelvic fractures
Authors: Chung David , Rice Richard , McPhee Brittany , Kricfalusi Mikayla , Case Trevor , Danisa Olumide , Rajfer Rebecca
Published: April 2024

Background: Decision-tree-based machine learning (ML) algorithms such as random forest (RF) are useful for their ability to predict outcomes and rank variables according to their utility in the decision-making process. This study utilizes RF to identify important predictors of discharge to facility following surgical stabilization of pelvis fractures, a traumatic injury that often precludes mortality and diminished quality of life.
Methods: The American College of Surgeons national surgical quality improvement program (ACS-NSQIP) database was queried for patients aged 16 to 70 undergoing surgical fixation of pelvis fractures between 2008 and 2018. Outcome of interest was discharge home versus to facility. RF was trained with surgical variables, comorbidities, and other patient factors and tasked with predicting discharge location. Permutation feature importance (PFI) was then generated to identify important variables.
Results: Out of 492 patients, 184 patients were discharged to facility, and 308 patients were discharged home. RF identified age, American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) classification, and preoperative hematocrit as top predictors for discharge to facility. Patients being discharged home were younger, had lower ASA scores, and had higher preoperative hematocrit.
Conclusions: RF identified age, ASA classification, and preoperative hematocrit as top predictors for discharge destination following pelvic surgery. Knowledge of the impact of these variables can inform preoperative planning for both patients and their care team, while highlighting the opportunity to address preoperative hematocrit to both reduce cost and improve quality of care.
Unstable trochanteric fractures treated with proximal femoral nail show functional outcomes independent of the fracture type
Authors: Bhattacharjee Sourav , Rasheed Ashir Abdul
Published: April 2024

Background: The proximal femoral nail has replaced the sliding hip screw devices and gamma nails as the implant of choice for unstable trochanteric fracture (AO 31A2-A3). In our study we aimed to find a correlation between fracture type, time taken for radiographic union and their functional outcome according to Harris Hip score at 6 months after PFN fixation of such fractures.
Methods: We assessed 38 patients sustaining unstable (AO 31A2-A3) trochanteric fractures. All the fractures were treated with short PFN. Functional outcome was assessed according to the HHS at sixth month follow-up.
Results: No statistically significant association was found between HHS with fracture type (p=0.184) and bone union time (p=0.587). The association between bone union time and fracture type was found to be statistically significant (p=0.007).
Conclusions: Functional outcome (HHS) does not depend upon the fracture type.
Extra skeletal chondroma a rare presentation in the big toe of a pediatric patient: a case report
Authors: Mostafa Maged , Khamis Ahmed R. , Aljeeran Omar , Saqer Waleed Yusuf , Almasry Mohamed
Published: April 2024

Extra-skeletal chondroma is a rare benign tumor of juxta-articular soft tissues rarely seen in pediatric cases. It is formed mainly of hyaline cartilage and presented as a painless swelling. It is not well evident on conventional X-rays radiography. MRI is the preferred diagnostic modality. Surgical excision is the recommended form of treatment for symptomatic cases. We are reporting a case of this rare tumor in the big toe of a child.
Floating total knee: periprosthetic fracture of the distal femur combined with tibial plateau fracture in primary total knee arthroplasty
Authors: Modesto Goncalo , Pires João , Mendes João , Seixas João , Alegre Carlos , Oliveira João
Published: April 2024

We are currently witnessing an increasing number of complications associated with arthroplasty, both due to its greater prevalence, whether primary or revision, and to the population's longer average life expectancy. Periprosthetic fractures associated with a floating knee, in the context of total knee arthroplasty, are rare and their treatment is challenging. We present a case of ipsilateral periprosthetic fracture of the distal femur combined with fracture of the tibial plate in total knee arthroplasty. The 80-year-old female patient was admitted to the emergency department after falling from her own height at home. She reported diffuse pain in her right knee and associated functional incapacity. The limb was stabilized and immobilized in a posterior long leg splint. Initial X-rays showed an ipsilateral periprosthetic fracture of the distal femur and medial tibial plate. The patient's only previous surgery was a total right knee arthroplasty performed in 2020. She underwent surgical treatment with osteosynthesis of the distal femur with a locked anatomical plate and arthroplasty revision of the tibial component. Periprosthetic fractures associated with knee arthroplasty typically involve the distal femur. Fractures involving the tibia are rare and usually occur in the medial tibial plate, in the presence of detachment of the tibial component. There is little published literature on this type of fracture in elderly patients. Periprosthetic fractures in total knee arthroplasty require individualized and planned treatment according to the personality of each fracture and the existence or not of prosthetic detachment.
Hospital digital: implementación piloto de interoperabilidad de sistemas en el Instituto Nacional del Cáncer (INCAN)
Authors: Céspedes Ynsfran Marcelo David
Published: April 2024

En el año 2020, durante la pandemia de COVID-19, el proyecto "Hospital Digital" de Genexus Consulting fue seleccionado entre 500 propuestas en la convocatoria del Banco Interamericano de Desarrollo (BID) para promover soluciones innovadoras y tecnológicas en el campo de la salud en Paraguay. Este proyecto buscaba implementar una plataforma de intercambio de información de salud en el Instituto Nacional del Cáncer (INCAN) para mejorar la atención a los pacientes a través de la interoperabilidad entre sistemas de información. En julio de 2023, comenzó la implementación piloto en el INCAN, marcando el inicio de una transformación digital en la atención a pacientes con cáncer. A pesar de los desafíos, la plataforma ha permitido el intercambio seguro de datos médicos, mejorando la coordinación y continuidad de la atención. En abril de 2023, el proyecto fue entregado exitosamente, cumpliendo con los plazos establecidos. Se espera que la plataforma se replique en otras instituciones de salud en Paraguay y la región, alineándose con los objetivos del BID de mejorar el acceso a servicios de salud y reducir las desigualdades.