bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Doppler Ultrasound under Image Denoising Algorithm in the Diagnosis and Treatment of Fetal Growth Restriction Using Aspirin Combined with Low-Molecular-Weight Heparin
Authors: Liu Huiling , Niu Huiyuan , Zeng Wenqiong
Published: October 2021

Objective. This study explored the clinical application value of image denoising algorithm combined with Doppler ultrasound imaging in evaluation of aspirin combined with low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH) on fetal growth restriction (FGR). Method. A two-stage image denoising by principal component analysis (PCA) with local pixel grouping (LPG-PCA) denoising algorithm was constructed in this study. Eighty FGR pregnant women were included in the study, and they were rolled into an experimental group (aspirin enteric-coated tablets + LMWH calcium injection) and a control group (LMWH calcium injection) according to the different treatment plans, with 40 cases in each group. All patients were performed with Doppler ultrasound imaging. The blood flow parameters (BFPs) were recorded and compared before and after the treatment in two groups, including power index (PI), resistance index (RI), high systolic blood flow velocity (S), high diastolic blood flow velocity (D), S/D value, and peak systolic velocity (PSV). In addition, the middle cerebral artery (MCA) BFPs, cerebral placental rate (CPR), amniotic fluid index (AFI) and perinatal outcome (PO) of the two groups were compared. Results. The total effective rate of treatment in group A (87.5%) was greatly higher than that in group B (62.5%), showing statistical difference (P < 0.05). The PI (0.72 ± 0.19), RI (0.57 ± 0.17), and S/D values (2.26 ± 0.43) in group A were dramatically lower than those in group B, which were 0.92 ± 0.21, 0.75 ± 0.14, and 2.64 ± 0.45, respectively (P < 0.05), and the AFI was higher (13.71 ± 2.2 cm vs 11.38 ± 2.16 cm) (P < 0.05). The Apgar score (9.17 ± 0.26), weight (3.57 ± 1.08), and gestational age (38.85 ± 2.50) of group A were all higher in contrast to those of group B, which were 7.33 ± 0.25, 2.61 ± 1.13, and 36.18 ± 2.25, respectively (P < 0.05). In addition, the fetal double parietal diameter (2.4 ± 0.9 mm), femur diameter (2.2 ± 0.6 mm), head circumference (1.2 ± 0.4 mm), abdominal circumference (1.3 ± 0.7 mm), and uterine height (0.8 ± 0.3 mm) in group A were obviously superior to those in group B, which were 1.8 ± 0.4 mm, 1.7 ± 0.5 mm, 0.8 ± 0.2 mm, 0.9 ± 0.4 mm, and 0.4 ± 0.6 mm, respectively, showing statistically observable differences (P < 0.05). Conclusion. Doppler ultrasound based on image denoising algorithm can accurately evaluate the effect of aspirin combined with LMWH on the improvement of FGR and showed good application value.
Comparison of Different Hydrocolloids on the Novel Development of Muffins from “Purple Yam” (Dioscorea alata) Flour in Sensory, Textural, and Nutritional Aspects
Authors: Gunasekara Dewni , Bulathgama Ashani , Wickramasinghe Indira
Published: October 2021

Hydrocolloids can act as gluten substitutes to form the structural equivalents of the gluten network in gluten-free bakery products. “Purple yam” (Dioscorea alata) is one of the underutilized yams in Sri Lanka with high nutritional potential. The overall objective of this study was to develop gluten-free muffins using “Purple yam” (Dioscorea alata) flour with hydrocolloids (pectin, xanthan gum, and guar gum) and investigate the nutritional composition and selected properties of the muffins. The texture profiles of gluten-free muffins were analyzed through the following parameters: hardness, adhesiveness, cohesiveness, etc. The chromameter values were obtained and sensory evaluations for gluten-free muffins were carried out. The highest moisture content was recorded in pectin-incorporated muffins (

17.70
±
0.50
%

). The protein content of all three types of muffins was around 5%. The highest fat content was recorded in pectin-incorporated muffins (

19.26
±
0.51
%

). The ash content of all three types of muffins was around 2%. Potassium was the most predominant element found in each muffin. The hardness of guar gum-incorporated muffin (

6379.3
±
135.9
 
g

) was greater than that of the pectin-incorporated one (

6082.3
±
23.4
 
g

). Xanthan gum-incorporated muffins had significantly decreased cohesiveness (

0.19
±
0.04

). The highest springiness was obtained in pectin-incorporated muffin (

37.13
±
1.61
 
mm

). The descending order of the chewiness of muffin is

pectin
−
added
>
xanthan
 
gum
−
added
>
guar
 
gum
−
added

sample. According to the sensory evaluation, pectin-incorporated muffin was the best as it had obtained the highest sum of ranks for appearance, color, taste, after taste, and overall acceptability.
Operative Fixation of Pediatric Forearm Fractures: Does the Fracture Location Matter?
Authors: Elabd Ahmed , Khalifa Ramy , Alam Zainab , Saleh Ehab S. , Thabet Ahmed M , Abdelgawad Amr
Published: October 2021

Background. Flexible intramedullary nails (FNs) are successfully used to treat pediatric forearm fractures, especially midshaft fractures. Distal forearm fractures have been described as “difficult to manage” with FN insertion. The purpose of this study was to report the clinical and radiographic outcomes of using flexible nails in pediatric forearm fractures and the impact of fracture location on the outcome of the procedure. Methods. This is a retrospective review of pediatric patients who presented with forearm fractures that were surgically treated with flexible nails between 2009 and 2018. Patient demographics, fracture location, and classification were reported. Intraoperative and postoperative complications were reported. The primary outcomes were fracture radiographic union, intraop and postop complications, and the need for additional surgical procedures. Results. Fifty-nine patients were included, with a mean age of 11 years. All fractures healed with patients regaining full range of motion. The authors were able to use flexible nails successfully in 48/59 (81%) patients. In eleven cases (19%), FN fixation was not able to provide adequate fixation to maintain reduction. The method of fixation was changed from FN insertion to another method in nine cases. In two cases, FN fixation was augmented with another fixation method. Fractures within 3 inches of the distal articular surface were at a higher risk of intraoperative change/augmentation of the fixation method (29%) compared with fractures that occurred more than 3 inches from the distal articular surface (11%). Conclusion. The majority of pediatric forearm fractures can be treated successfully with flexible nails. Surgeons involved in treating these fractures should pay attention to distal third fractures. Stabilizing the distally located fractures using FN fixation can be challenging. Surgeons should be prepared to use an alternative fixation method when needed.
Influence of Swell Wave on Wind Speed Retrieval Using ENVISAT ASAR Wave Mode Imagery
Authors: Wang Duo , Wang Xiaochen , Jiao Weili
Published: October 2021

The main work of this paper is to explore the influence of swell wave on retrieval of wind speed using ENVISAT ASAR wave mode imagery. The normalized radar cross section (NRCS) scene under different sea states is simulated to investigate the relationship between NRCS variation with swell height, together with swell direction. Moreover, the key parameter of imagery variance (Cvar) is selected to describe the swell wave on SAR imagery. In addition, the imagery parameters of skewness and kurtosis are together analyzed as a function of collocated significant swell wave height and wind speed. Based on the analyzed results, a new method for wind speed retrieval is proposed using ENVISAT ASAR, namely, F(n). Besides the CMOD parameters of NRCS, incidence angle, and relative wind direction, the imagery parameters of Cvar, skewness, and kurtosis are used to compensate for the influence of swell wave on wind speed retrieval in F(n). Finally, the collocated European Centre for Medium‐Range Weather Forecast (ECMWF) wind speed dataset and ENVISAT ASAR wave mode imagery are used to verify the retrieval precision and compare with CMOD functions. It is concluded that the F(n) model performs much better than other CMOD functions, with a correlation of 0.89, a bias of 0.08, a RMSE of 1.2 m/s, and an SI of 0.1.
ALKBH5 Facilitates Hypoxia-Induced Paraspeckle Assembly and IL8 Secretion to Generate an Immunosuppressive Tumor Microenvironment
Authors: Dong Feng , Qin Xiaoyang , Wang Baofeng , Li Qian , Hu Jinyang , Cheng Xuan , Guo Dongsheng , Cheng Fangling , Fang Chuan , Tan Yanli , Yan Han , He You , Sun Xiaoyu , Yuan Ye , Liu Hang , Li Ting , Zhao Yingying , Kang Chunsheng , Wu Xudong
Published: October 2021

The dynamic changes of RNA N6-methyl-adenosine (m6A) during cancer progression contribute to quick adaption to microenvironmental changes. Here, we profiled the cancer cell m6A dynamics in the hypoxic tumor niche and its pathological consequences in glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). The m6A demethylase ALKBH5 was induced in GBM models under hypoxic conditions and was associated with a hypoxic gene signature in GBM patient samples. Depletion or inactivation of ALKBH5 in GBM cells significantly suppressed hypoxia-induced tumor-associated macrophage (TAM) recruitment and immunosuppression in allograft tumors. Expression and secretion of CXCL8/IL8 were significantly suppressed in ALKBH5-deficient tumors. However, ALKBH5 did not regulate CXCL8 m6A directly. Instead, hypoxia-induced ALKBH5 erased m6A deposition from the lncRNA NEAT1, stabilizing the transcript and facilitating NEAT1-mediated paraspeckle assembly, which led to relocation of the transcriptional repressor SFPQ from the CXCL8 promoter to paraspeckles and, ultimately, upregulation of CXCL8/IL8 expression. Accordingly, ectopic expression of CXCL8 in ALKBH5-deficient GBM cells partially restored TAM recruitment and tumor progression. Together, this study links hypoxia-induced epitranscriptomic changes to the emergence of an immunosuppressive microenvironment facilitating tumor evasion.

Significance:

Hypoxia induces tumor immune microenvironment remodeling through an ALKBH5-mediated epigenetic and epitranscriptomic mechanism, providing potential immunotherapeutic strategies for treating glioblastoma.
Linking Physical Activity to Breast Cancer: Text Mining Results and a Protocol for Systematically Reviewing Three Potential Mechanistic Pathways
Authors: Lynch Brigid M. , Milne Roger L. , English Dallas R. , Brown Kristy A. , Drummond Ann E. , Swain Christopher T.V. , van Roekel Eline H. , Moore Melissa M. , Gaunt Tom R. , Martin Richard M. , Lewis Sarah J.
Published: October 2021

Epidemiologic research suggests that physical activity is associated with a reduced risk of breast cancer, but the causal nature of this link is not clear. Investigating mechanistic pathways can provide evidence of biological plausibility and improve causal inference. This project will examine three putative pathways (sex steroid hormones, insulin signaling, and inflammation) in a series of two-stage systematic reviews. Stage 1 used Text Mining for Mechanism Prioritisation (TeMMPo) to identify and prioritize relevant biological intermediates. Stage 2 will systematically review the findings from studies of (i) physical activity and intermediates and (ii) intermediates and breast cancer. Ovid MEDLINE, EMBASE, and SPORTDiscus will be searched using a combination of subject headings and free-text terms. Human intervention and prospective, observational studies will be eligible for inclusion. Meta-analysis will be performed where possible. Risk of bias will be assessed using the Cochrane Collaboration tool, or the ROBINS-I or ROBINS-E tool, depending on study type. Strength of evidence will be assessed using the GRADE system. In addition to synthesizing the mechanistic evidence that links physical activity with breast cancer risk, this project may also identify priority areas for future research and help inform the design and implementation of physical activity interventions.

See related reviews by Swain et al., p. 16 and Drummond et al., p. 28
Cancer-Associated Fibroblast Subpopulations With Diverse and Dynamic Roles in the Tumor Microenvironment
Authors: Simon Thomas , Salhia Bodour
Published: October 2021

Close interactions between cancer cells and cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAF) have repeatedly been reported to support tumor progression. Yet, targeting CAFs has so far failed to show a real benefit in cancer treatment, as preclinical studies have shown that such a strategy can enhance tumor growth. Accordingly, recent paradigm-shifting data suggest that certain CAF subpopulations could also show tumor-inhibitory capabilities. The present review aims to provide an in-depth description of the cellular heterogeneity of the CAF compartment in tumors. Through combining information from different cancer types, here we define 4 main CAF subpopulations that might cohabitate in any tumor microenvironment (TME). In addition, a model for the evolution of CAFs during tumor development is introduced. Moreover, the presence of tumor-inhibitory CAFs in the TME as well as their molecular characteristics are extensively discussed. Finally, the potential cellular origins of these distinct CAF subpopulations are reviewed. To our knowledge, this is the first attempt at establishing a broad but comprehensive classification of CAF subpopulations. Altogether, the present manuscript aims to provide the latest developments and innovative insights that could help refine future therapeutic targeting of CAFs for cancer treatment.
Enhanced Infiltration of Central Memory T Cells to the Lung Tissue during Allergic Lung Inflammation
Authors: Alabed Mashael , Sultana Shaik Asma , Saheb Sharif-Askari Narjes , Saheb Sharif-Askari Fatemeh , Hafezi Shirin , Mdkhana Bushra , Ratemi Elaref , Al-Muhsen Saleh , Hamid Qutayba , Halwani Rabih
Published: October 2021

Memory T cells play a central role in regulating inflammatory responses during asthma. However, tissue distribution of effector memory (TEM) and central memory (TCM) T-cell subtypes, their differentiation, and their contribution to the persistence of lung tissue inflammation during asthma are not well understood. Interestingly, an increase in survival and persistence of memory T cells was reported in asthmatic lungs, which may suggest a shift toward the more persistent TCM phenotype. In this report, we investigated the differential distribution of memory T-cell subtypes during allergic lung inflammation and the mechanism regulating that. Using an OVA-sensitized asthma mouse model, we observed a significant increase in the frequency of TCM cells in inflamed lungs compared to healthy controls. Interestingly, adoptive transfer techniques confirmed substantial infiltration of TCM cells to lung tissues during allergic airway inflammation. Expression levels of TCM homing receptors, CD34 and GlyCAM-1, were also significantly upregulated in the lung tissues of OVA-sensitized mice, which may facilitate the increased TCM infiltration into inflamed lungs. Moreover, a substantial increase in the relative expression of TCM profile-associated genes (EOMES, BCL-6, ID3, TCF-7, BCL-2, BIM, and BMI-1) was noted for TEM cells during lung inflammation, suggesting a shift for TEM into the TCM state. To our knowledge, this is the first study to report an increased infiltration of TCM cells into inflamed lung tissues and to suggest differentiation of TEM to TCM cells in these tissues. Therapeutic interference at TCM infiltration or differentiations could constitute an alternative treatment approach for lung inflammation.
A Possible Distinct Molecular Subtype (Quintuple-Wildtype) of Metastatic Colorectal Cancer in First-Line Anti-EGFR Therapy with Cetuximab Plus FOLFIRI – Palliative Precision Therapy and a Multidisciplinary Treatment Approach: Interim Analysis of the IVOPAK II Trial with Early Results
Authors: Wein Axel , Stoehr Robert , Kersting Stephan , Siebler Jürgen , Merkel Susanne , Busse Dagmar , Wolff Kerstin , Ostermeier Nicola , Neufert Clemens , Vitali Francesco , Eckstein Markus , Roth Jan-Peter , Anhut Peter , Schreiner Waldemar , Uder Michael , Hartmann Arndt , Neurath Markus F. , Grützmann Robert
Published: October 2021

Objective: The study aimed to prospectively evaluate a new molecular biomarker panel (KRAS, NRAS, BRAF, PIK3CA, and ERBB2) for palliative first-line treatment of colorectal cancer (CRC), including a multidisciplinary treatment approach. The rate of secondary metastasis resections was assessed. Patients and Methods: A total of 40 patients with definitively nonresectable metastatic CRC were enrolled from 10 centers before the interim analysis (June 2019) of the IVOPAK II trial (Interdisciplinary Care with Quality Control in Palliative Treatment of Colorectal Cancer). After determination of 5 molecular biomarkers in the tumor (KRAS, exons 2–4; NRAS, exons 2–4; BRAF V600E; PIK3CA; and ERBB2), patients in the IVOPAK II study received FOLFIRI plus cetuximab for all-RAS/quintuple-wildtype disease and FOLFIRI plus bevacizumab in the case of RAS mutations. The current article presents the early description of the clinical outcome of the interim analysis of IVOPAK II comparing the all-RAS/quintuple-wildtype and RAS-mutations populations, including a multidisciplinary-treated case report of a quintuple-wildtype patient. Results: The quintuple-wildtype population treated with FOLFIRI plus cetuximab in first-line exhibited a significantly higher response rate and enhanced early tumor shrinkage in the interim analysis than the RAS-mutations population, as well as a high rate of secondary metastatic resections. Conclusion: Initial results of this new biomarker panel (quintuple-wildtype) are promising for anti-EGFR therapy with cetuximab plus doublet chemotherapy (FOLFIRI) in first-line treatment of metastatic CRC. These results warrant confirmation with higher case numbers in the IVOPAK II trial.
Detection of Salivary Tryptase Levels in Children following Oral Food Challenges
Authors: de Weger Wouter W. , Bruinenberg Vibeke M. , van der Lek Evelien M. , Gerrits Jeroen H. , van Lente Lidy , Herpertz Catherina E.M. , van der Meulen Gerbrich N. , Sprikkelman Aline B. , Koppelman Gerard H. , Kamps Arvid W.A.
Published: October 2021

Background: Oral food challenge (OFC) is commonly used to diagnose food allergy. This test is time and resource intensive, and conclusions are not always unequivocal as this relies on the interpretation of symptoms. Therefore, an objective marker would improve the accuracy of the diagnostic workup of food allergy. Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate whether tryptase can be detected in saliva of children following OFC. Method: Children from 3 to 18 years of age were eligible for inclusion if an OFC for peanut or tree nut had been recommended. Saliva samples were collected prior to the first dose and 5, 10, and 15 min following the last administered dose during OFC. Assay precision, spike-and-recovery, and assessment of lower limit of detection of the tryptase immunoassay were examined before analysis of tryptase in saliva was performed. Results: A total of 30 children were included (median age 8 years, 63.3% male, 53.3% positive OFC outcome). Tryptase was detected in saliva samples. The mean of the change in baseline tryptase value to each saliva collecting time point was significantly different in patients with a positive OFC outcome compared to a negative outcome (p < 0.01). Conclusions: This study showed that tryptase can be detected in saliva of children following OFC. Increased levels of tryptase compared to baseline were found if the OFC outcome was positive, suggesting that measuring tryptase in saliva may be useful in the diagnosis of food allergy. Further research is needed to evaluate the potential association between tryptase levels and symptoms.
Como verter um sistema métrico?
Authors: Frate Rafael
Published: October 2021

O presente artigo propõe algumas estratégias para a tradução de poesia entre línguas que possuam sistemas formais diferentes. Para isso, apresenta-se pelo menos três maneiras, as quais representam um contínuo que vai de um modo que possua menor rigor formal e maior preocupação semântica a um que seja estrito na forma, mas que esteja disposto a fazer sacrifícios e concessões semânticas. Estas estratégias são ilustradas por três traduções, uma de Mikhail Lomonóssov, uma de Alexander Púchkin e uma de Anna Akhmátova.
PSYCHOLOGICAL SCIENCES ON WORK AND PROFESSIONALS IN LOMONOSOV MOSCOW STATE UNIVERSITY: 50TH ANNIVERSARY OF WORK AND ENGINEERING PSYCHOLOGY DEPARTMENT
Authors: Leonova Anna B. , Noskova Olga G. , Kuznetsova Alla S. , Zavartseva Marina M.
Published: October 2021

Relevance. The paper outlines the main branches of research work and development projects carried out by researchers and lecturers of the Work and Engineering Psychology department, Faculty of Psychology. It studies the contribution of the four heads of the department (professors V.P. Zinchenko, E.A. Klimov, Yu.K. Strelkov, A.B. Leonova) to the development of the main research areas within psychology of work content and work environment, as well as in workers’ psychology. Results. The main research results obtained by the department’s staff are arranged according to the main areas of scientific research supervised by the head of the department: 1) The 60s and 70s: studies of cognitive and senso-motor processes in the work of automated system operators — the birth of engineering psychology (V.P. Zinchenko) and the revival of labor psychology (Yu.V. Kotelova); 2) The 80–90s (E.A. Klimov) — problems of human psychology as subject of labor: research of professional consciousness, work motivation, mental regulators of labor based on the psychological interpretation of the subject of labor activity and its components; 3) The first decade of the XXI century (Yu.K. Strelkov) — research of transport professions, the formation of a temporal approach in engineering psychology, methods for studying the operational and semantic experience of a professional; 4) 2015–2020 (A.B. Leonova) — a series of studies of occupational stress and other functional states on the basis of structural-integrative approach; problems of organizational psychology and cognitive ergonomics. Conclusion. The study singles out and discusses prospective areas of future research, such as psychology of professional health, psychology of rest, psychology of security (of an individual, collective, organization, society as a whole); psychological study of the transformation of professionals’ psyche in the digital age, psychology of trust
THE ROLE OF INDIVIDUAL FACTORS IN ASSESSING THE ATTRACTIVENESS OF ORGANIZATIONAL CULTURE
Authors: Sultanova Faniya R. , Leonova Anna B.
Published: October 2021

Relevance. Recruitment and organizational culture can be important strategic resources for retaining the most promising employees and reducing organizational turnover. The purpose of the work is to search for predictors of the organizational culture’ attractiveness among individual factors of personnel with access to forecasting staff turnover. Methods and sampling. A comprehensive study of employees of three industrial enterprises was conducted. A total of 131 people, 105 men and 26 women, took part in the study. The package of standardized methods included: “Questionnaire for assessing subjectively important performance characteristics”, “Career anchors”, “Diagnostics of the motivational structure”, “Attractiveness of organizational culture”, “Assessment of the subjective attitude to organizational culture” . Results. The result of statistical analysis was received four factor structure of the organizational culture’ attractiveness: motivational factor, communicative interaction, stable operation and the uncertainty. The contribution of employees’ individual factors for assessing the organizational culture’ attractiveness of industrial enterprises was revealed. In order to reduce the potential employees’ turnover, it is necessary to select personnel with attitudes to the balance of personal and professional life and without a motivation for management. The organizational culture should be focused on providing conditions for sustainable functioning — working hours, wages, working conditions. These factors are crucial for making a decision to leave the organization. Conclusions. The data obtained in our study can be useful for HR managers and managers of industrial organizations. They can influence the employees’turnover by changing the organizational culture or selecting personnel with certain motivation.
OPERATOR’S TRUST IN EQUIPMENT IN THE SPACE OF SUBJECTIVE PROFESSIONAL WELL-BEING
Authors: Oboznov Alexander A. , Akimova Anna Yu. , Chernetskaya Elena D.
Published: October 2021

Background. The relevance of the study is determined by the search for the determinants of the subjective professional well-being of operators. Possibilities of operators’ trust in equipment for achieving subjective professional well-being (SPWB) are considered. Objective. The analysis of the features of manifestation of operators’ trust in equipment as a psychological resource of subjective professional well-being was carried out. Design. The author’s questionnaire “Trust of the specialist to equipment (TSE)” was used to diagnose the level of trust of operators in equipment. Questionnaires: “Social and professional demand for personality”, “Methods for assessing professional well-being”, “Dominant state”, “Passionate about work” were used to diagnose SPWB. Empirical data were translated into z-scores. Z-scores were subjected to multidimensional scaling (non-metric scaling, distance function — Euclidean distance). The results were displayed in the form of two-dimensional graphic models of the psychological space of SPWB. In the SPWB space, assessments of indicators of operators’ trust in equipment and subjective professional well-being were reflected. Research sample. The study involved 76 NPP operators (specialists), 100 locomotive driver — a total of 176 people. Work experience — from 1 to 35 years. Results. The level of trust in the equipment among specialists is higher than among the locomotive drivers — 75.8 points and 62.4 points, respectively (p < 0,001). Experts’ assessments of indicators of trust in the equipment are located on the border of the SPWB space, far from the assessments of SPWB indicators. For locomotive drivers, assessments of indicators of trust in the equipment are located within the SPWB space next to 4 indicators of the SPWB. They reflected the desire for professional growth, satisfaction with the level of competence and professional achievements, the state of passion for work. Conclusions.The trust of specialists in the equipment becomes a psychological resource of subjective professional well-being in critical working situations. The trust of locomotive drivers in the equipment is a constant psychological resource for maintaining subjective professional well-being.
PARADOXES OF SUBJECTIVE EXPERIENCES OF EMPLOYEES IN THE RATIONALIZATION OF THE SUBJECT-SPATIAL ENVIRONMENT IN STEREOTYPICAL ACTIVITIES
Authors: Chernysheva Olga N.
Published: October 2021

Relevance. People are increasingly involved in mastering new types of work. It involves rebuilding the skills developed for a variety of occupations, both mental and motor. While the problem of forming new skills is sufficiently well-developed, the problem of their restructuring has attracted significantly less attention, although, judging by the experiences of participants, it sometimes leads to a slowdown, and in some cases to the rejection of innovation process. The purpose of this study was to identify the causes of negative effects that female employees experienced when the spatial parameters of their workplaces were rationally changed. Methods and sampling. The study was based on the analysis of the activities of 25 seamstresses (one team) in the familiar and the rationalized subject environment. It included two additional research methods: (1)vector-coordinate method of job evaluation; (2) graphic and verbal fixation of the dynamics of how the employees subjectively assessed their psychosomatic experiences in the process of changes. Results. The rationalization of the spatial parameters of seamstresses’ workplaces was meant for optimizing their main working posture without affecting the semantic component of their activity. Nevertheless, it led to certain changes in their skill of performing stereotypical movements for grinding the parts of target production. This restructuring resulted in the appearance of long-term negative experiences of somatic discomfort (from 5 to 10 days) in the process of performing labor actions. But these experiences did not correspond to the experience of somatic comfort in the main working posture taken before starting work. Conclusion. Despite the objective improvement of the psychosomatic state of female workers, the discrepancy in the experiences of psychosomatic state in statics and dynamics is naturally and well explained from the standpoint of the Bernstein model of movement construction. It is caused by the need to change the levels of motion control and the resulting need to restructure the previously established sensory synthesis. Such a result indicates the need for psychological support of the innovation process until the end of the negative experiences associated with it
PROBLEM SOLVING BY EXPERTS AND NOVICES IN CHEMISTRY: ANALYSIS OF ERRORS, RUN TIMES AND PARAMETERS OF EYE MOVEMENTS
Authors: Blinnikova Irina V. , Ishmuratova Yulia A. Ishmuratova
Published: October 2021

Background. Professional experience is one of the most discussed problems in modern labor psychology. Researchers are trying to expose and describe the system of cognitive and metacognitive skills and abilities, which gives an advantage to experienced professionals. However, there is still a sufficient number of contradictions and unexplored aspects. The aim of the study is to identify specific features of problem solving by chemists at different levels of professional experience by analyzing performance indicators and eye movements. Techniques and sampling. The pilot study involved 35 experts and novices in the field of chemistry. They were asked to read descriptions, find errors and fill in gaps in chemical process diagrams. The tasks were based on technological regulations for the production of chemical products. We recorded the run time, errors and indicators of eye movements with the SMI Hi-Speed contactless video recording system with a 1200 Hz frequency. The results showed that the run time and the number of errors were significantly lower for experts than for novices. In addition, the two groups featured significant differences in the average duration of blinking, indicating a higher emotional stress among novices. Other eye movement differences demonstrated that experts tend to favor focal type of cognitive processing. This is revealed in longer fixations, short and slow saccades. Also, the experts were characterized by an uneven distribution of attention and cognitive efforts relative to different parts of the task and by a smaller number of transitions between them. The general analysis showed that experts, solving problems, rely more on mental representations and previous knowledge, while novices are guided by the information presented on the slides. Conclusions. The data demonstrate the superiority of experts in solving chemical problems and reveal the cognitive structure of professional experience.
Making Sense to Make Change: How Community College Faculty Perceptions of Math Contextualization Shape Instructional Change
Authors: Wickersham Kelly , Wang Xueli
Published: October 2021

Objective: In numerous calls for reform to community college math instruction, contextualization has been identified as an effective approach to teaching and learning. Yet, little is known about how faculty contend with math contextualization and how they make decisions about its adoption. This study explored how community college faculty teaching math make sense of contextualization as a result of related professional development, and how faculty make decisions about whether to apply contextualization to teaching math as they make sense of contextualization and other individual or organizational factors. Method: This study adopted a case study approach, drawing upon interviews, observations, and professional development materials from two large, comprehensive 2-year colleges in a Midwestern state. Results: Findings revealed five themes under two main umbrellas: making sense and making change. Three interconnected themes comprised making sense: orientation to contextualization, prior teaching and field experiences, and dual identities as teacher and learner. Two themes characterized making change: external and structural constraints of implementing contextualization and comfort level in operationalizing contextualization. Contributions: This study illuminated the complex process of faculty sensemaking of math contextualization, and how this sensemaking, in light of individual and organizational factors, shapes their decisions around math instructional change.
Head and Neck Malignant Paragangliomas: Experience from a Single Institution
Authors: Ding Yiming , Li Lifeng , Han Demin , Wang Shaozhong , Chen Xiaohong
Published: October 2021

Objectives: To summarize the clinicopathological and genetic features of malignant paragangliomas in head and neck cancer and to explore the appropriate treatment options for this rare lesion. Methods: Six patients harboring head and neck malignant paraganglioma from Beijing Tongren Hospital were retrospectively reviewed. The clinicopathological characteristics, gene mutations, and prognosis of these patients were analyzed. Results: Of these 6 patients, 3 were male and 3 were female; 4 patients harbored malignant carotid body tumors, and two had malignant vagal paragangliomas. Three patients had cervical lymph node metastasis, two presented with lung and bone metastasis, and 1 had lung and liver metastasis. Of the 6 patients, four underwent surgical resection, and the other two patients denied surgery and instead received chemotherapy with paclitaxel, ifosfamide, and dacarbazine. These 2 patients with vagal paraganglioma received postoperative radiotherapy. All 6 patients are still alive at the present time, with a median follow-up time of 66 months. Positive Ki-67 expression in tumor tissue ranged from 1% to 40%. Genetic mutations in SDHD, SDHB, ATR, and MAP3K13 were identified in 4 patients. Conclusions: After comprehensive treatment, head and neck malignant paraganglioma can attain a favorable prognosis. Genetic mutations are commonly detected in patients with malignant paragangliomas. This study also identified mutations in ATR and MAP3K13 in these patients.
Suicide in probation: Towards the ideation-to-action model
Authors: Brooker Charlie , Tocque Karen , West Georgia , Norman-Taylor Alice , Fowler James
Published: October 2021

Suicide in probation services is far higher than the general population. This paper presents secondary analysis of data previously used to evaluate the outcome of delivering psychological treatment to probationers in London. A sample of probation service users who screened positive for clinically significant symptoms of distress and were subsequently assessed and offered treatment ( n = 274) were allocated retrospectively to one of three groups: those with a history of suicidal ideations but no suicide attempts (ideation group), those with a history of a suicidal act (attempt group) or a control group where suicide was not evident (no history group). Results indicate no significant difference between the ideation and the attempt groups, but significant differences between these and the no history group. The findings are discussed within the context of the suicide ideation-to-action models that have been debated in other offender settings. We conclude that a more nuanced understanding of suicidal acts and suicide attempts is required in probation services including a prospective study that tests the ideation-to-action model.
Transformative Branding: A Dynamic Capability To Challenge The Dominant Social Paradigm
Authors: Spry Amanda , Figueiredo Bernardo , Gurrieri Lauren , Kemper Joya A. , Vredenburg Jessica
Published: October 2021

In response to calls by macromarketing scholars, this article introduces transformative branding to demonstrate how branding—a process traditionally conceptualised at the firm level to achieve marketing management outcomes—can contribute to both market and societal systems. We define transformative branding as a dynamic capability deployed by firms as a prosocial process to facilitate stakeholder co-created brand meanings that draw on hybrid market and social logics. We contend that transformative branding encompasses two market-shaping activities, which drive macro-level change according to hybrid logics: (1) leadership i.e., building a vision for transformation and (2) collaborative coupling i.e., implementing transformation with stakeholders. Shaping the market and society in this way creates opportunities for transforming economic, regulatory, socio-cultural, and political environments, whereby transformative branding works to challenge the dominant social paradigm from within the market system. We conclude with a cautionary note about the potential of branding as a force for good.
Trickledown politics: Do excluded ethnic groups benefit from non-violent national resistance campaigns?
Authors: Ives Brandon
Published: October 2021

When do excluded ethnic groups obtain more political inclusion? Scholarship demonstrates that ethnic minority-based behavior is consequential for more inclusion. Yet we know little of the consequences of national resistance campaigns for ethnic minorities. Building on literature identifying non-violent national resistance (NVR) campaigns as consequential for outcomes such as democracy, this article identifies non-violent tactic use as key to understanding when national resistance campaigns trickle down to benefit excluded ethnic groups. It establishes empirically that an excluded ethnic group whose country experiences an NVR campaign has a higher probability of more political inclusion.
Continental Naval Doctrines Between the Wars. The Impact of German Naval Experience on the Italian Navy (1919-1943)
Authors: De Ninno Fabio
Published: October 2021

During the interwar era, German naval history and naval doctrine exercised a profound influence on the development of the Italian Navy. The subject is relevant to understand how continental sea powers naval doctrines developed after the First World War, attempting to integrate new weapon systems to overcome the previous limits of the Fleet in being strategy. Italian naval thinkers incorporated the lessons offered by their German counterparts, preparing to repeat many of their mistakes, which explained in part the failures of Italian sea power in the early years of the Second World War.
Intramuscular Tenosynovial Giant Cell Tumor Harboring a Novel CSF1-CD96 Fusion Transcript
Authors: Mejbel Haider , Siegal Gene P. , Wei Shi
Published: October 2021

Tenosynovial giant cell tumors typically arise in the synovium of joints, bursae, or tendon sheaths. They may occur in an intra- or extra-articular location and can be divided into localized and diffuse types. The neoplastic nature of the lesion has been supported by a recurrent CSF1 gene rearrangement in a small subset of lesional cells, of which the most common fusion partner is COL6A3. Herein, we report a case of intramuscular localized tenosynovial giant cell tumor harboring a novel CSF1-CD96 fusion transcript, thus expanding the molecular profile of this tumor.
Suicide Cognitions Scale: Psychometric Support in a Community Sample Using Bifactor Modeling and Altered Item Content
Authors: Moscardini Emma H. , Pardue-Bourgeois Sarah , Oakey-Frost D. Nicolas , Powers Jeffrey , Bryan Craig J. , Tucker Raymond P.
Published: October 2021

The Suicide Cognitions Scale (SCS) measures suicide-related beliefs proposed by the Fluid Vulnerability Theory. A recent investigation of a revised version of the SCS (i.e., SCS-R) which omits items explicitly referencing suicide has indicated that the measure is highly influenced by a general factor and may be useful for distinguishing severity levels of suicidal thoughts and behaviors; however, limited concurrent validity studies with a range of suicide-related experiences have been conducted. As such, this study replicated and extended previous psychometric research on the SCS-R in an online survey study with a community sample of N = 10,625 U.S. adults. Results confirmed the unidimensional structure of the SCS-R. Logistic regression analyses indicated that the total score of the SCS-R is useful in distinguishing varying levels of suicidal thoughts and behaviors such as past-month planning for suicide without attempt versus past-month suicide attempt. Implications and limitations are discussed.
Clinicopathological Characteristics and Prognosis of Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Breast: A Population-Based Analysis
Authors: Han Yiqun , Wang Jiayu , Wang Zijing , Xu Binghe
Published: October 2021

Background

To better understand the clinicopathological features and prognostic profiles of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the breast.

Methods

Information on breast cancer was obtained from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database (2004–2016). Comparative analyses were carried out to investigate the heterogeneity in the clinicopathological characteristics and survival outcomes between SCC and invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC), while propensity score matching was conducted to analyze the variations among baseline characteristics. Prognostic factors for SCC of the breast were successively identified using Cox regression analysis.

Results

A total of 382 SCC patients and 561477 IDC patients were identified in this study. Comparatively, the SCC cohort exhibited a higher proportion of male individuals, poor differentiation, an advanced TNM stage, an increasing percentage of triple-negative (TN) subtype, an increasing rate of organ involvement, and less access to therapeutics. The aggressive profile was consistent in the TN subgroup, with a significantly higher proportion in SCC than in IDC (25.7% vs 6.8%). Prognosis of SCC was profoundly poorer than that of IDC (mOS, 78.6 months and 121.6 months, P < .0001; mBCSS 91.9 months vs 135.6 months, P < .0001), of which the inferior tendency remained stable among disease stage and therapeutic options, while no difference was detected in the 2 subgroups with the TN subtype. The 2-year survival rate was 66.9% and the 5-year survival rate was 51.4%, with the risk factors being older age, bilateral disease, advanced TNM stage, bone and visceral involvement, surgical intervention, radiation treatment, and chemotherapy.

Conclusions

This study systematically analyzed the heterogeneous characteristics of SCC of the breast in comparison with IDC. Squamous cell breast cancer presented with increasing aggressive behavior and inferior prognosis. Prospective studies should focus on this subgroup and introduce individualized therapeutic protocols in clinical practice.
Assessment of the Clinical Utility of Circulating Tumor Cells at Different Time Points in Predicting Prognosis of Patients With Small Cell Lung Cancer: A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Jiang Ai-Min , Zheng Hao-Ran , Liu Na , Zhao Rui , Ma Yu-Yan , Bai Shu-Heng , Tian Tao , Liang Xuan , Ruan Zhi-Ping , Fu Xiao , Yao Yu
Published: October 2021

Objectives

Numerous studies have elucidated that circulating tumor cells (CTCs) have significant prognostic value in various solid tumors. However, the prognostic value of CTCs in small cell lung cancer (SCLC) remains controversial. The current study was performed to investigate the prognostic significance of different time points of CTCs in SCLC.

Methods

PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library databases were retrieved for eligible studies. Pooled hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated to investigate the association between CTCs level and overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) in SCLC. Furthermore, subgroup analyses, sensitivity analysis, Begg’s and Egger’s tests were also conducted.

Results

Sixteen cohort studies with 1103 participants were eligible for this meta-analysis. Our results revealed that higher pretreatment CTCs level was significantly correlated with worse OS in SCLC no matter CellSearch (HR, 2.95; 95%CI, 1.56-5.58; P = .001) or other methods (HR, 2.37; 95%CI, 1.13-4.99; P = .023) was used to detect CTCs. Higher pretreatment CTCs status detected by CellSearch was associated with shorter PFS (HR, 3.75; 95%CI, 2.52-5.57; P < .001), while there was no significant association when other methods were adopted to CTC detection (HR, 2.04; 95%CI, .73-5.68; P = .172). Likewise, we observed that higher post-therapy CTCs level detected by both CellSearch (HR, 2.99; 95%CI, 1.51-5.93; P = .002) and other methods (HR, 4.79; 95%CI, 2.03-11.32; P < .001) was significantly correlated with decreased OS in SCLC. However, higher post-therapy CTCs count detected by CellSearch was not correlated with worse PFS (HR, 1.80; 95%CI, .83-3.90; P = .135). Sensitivity analysis demonstrated that the pooled data were still stable after eliminating studies one by one. However, significant publication bias was observed between pretreatment CTCs level detected by CellSearch and OS of SCLC.

Conclusion

Dynamic monitoring of CTCs level could be a non-invasive and effective tool to predict the disease progression and prognosis in patients with SCLC.
A case of nodular episcleritis mimicking a solitary giant episcleral mass
Authors: Zhou Lan , Wang Juanjuan , Xu Guihua , Wang Dingding , Wang Xiaoyi , Chen Zilin
Published: October 2021

Purpose

To describe an atypical nodular episcleritis mimicking a solitary giant episcleral mass, which is not attributed to any systemic diseases and identified only after immunohistochemical examination.

Case report

A sixty-year-old Chinese woman with systemic hypertension presented with 6-month history of giant, solitary and redness epibulbar mass arising from the superior aspect of her left eye. The lesion gradually enlarged, even with 6-month history of irregular topical steroid eye drops treatment. Imaging studies and laboratory test revealed a 10 mm × 8 mm episcleral mass absence of any infection indicator and autoimmune antibody changes. The mass was completely removed before its extension through the deep scleral, histopathologic examination revealed a nodular episcleritis composed of various chronic inflammatory cells infiltration. Topical steroid eye drops treatment combined with oral steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs was then administrated regularly for 1 month, and no recurrence occurred after 1-year follow-up.

Conclusion

Nodular anterior episcleritis is characterized by underlying chronic inflammation of the anterior episclera and can be presented as asymptomatic episcleral mass. Besides a thorough investigation systemically, tissue biopsy is required for definite diagnosis.