bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pyrene-Based AIE Active Materials for Bioimaging and Theranostics Applications
Authors: Shellaiah Muthaiah , Sun Kien-Wen
Published: July 2022

Aggregation-induced emission (AIE) is a unique research topic and property that can lead to a wide range of applications, including cellular imaging, theranostics, analyte quantitation and the specific detection of biologically important species. Towards the development of the AIE-active materials, many aromatic moieties composed of tetraphenylethylene, anthracene, pyrene, etc., have been developed. Among these aromatic moieties, pyrene is an aromatic hydrocarbon with a polycyclic flat structure containing four fused benzene rings to provide an unusual electron delocalization feature that is important in the AIE property. Numerous pyrene-based AIE-active materials have been reported with the AIE property towards sensing, imaging and theranostics applications. Most importantly, these AIE-active pyrene moieties exist as small molecules, Schiff bases, polymers, supramolecules, metal-organic frameworks, etc. This comprehensive review outlines utilizations of AIE-active pyrene-based materials on the imaging and theranostics studies. Moreover, the design and synthesis of these pyrene-based molecules are delivered with discussions on their future scopes.
Predicting Relapse in Substance Use: Prospective Modeling Based on Intensive Longitudinal Data on Mental Health, Cognition, and Craving
Authors: Lauvsnes Anders Dahlen Forsmo , Gråwe Rolf W. , Langaas Mette
Published: July 2022

Patients with severe substance use disorders are often characterized by neurocognitive impairments and elevated mental health symptom load, typically associated with craving intensity and substance use relapse. There is a need to improve the predictive capabilities of when relapse occurs in order to improve substance use treatment. The current paper contains data from 19 patients (seven females) in a long-term inpatient substance use treatment setting over the course of several weeks, with up to three weekly data collections. We collected data from 252 sessions, ranging from 1 to 24 sessions per subject. The subjects reported craving, self-control, and mental health on each occasion. Before starting the repeated data collection, a baseline neuropsychological screening was performed. In this repeated-measures prospective study, the mixed-effects models with time-lagged predictors support a model of substance use craving and relapse being predicted by the baseline reaction time as well as the temporal changes and variability in mental health symptom load, self-control, and craving intensity with moderate to high effect sizes. This knowledge may contribute to more personalized risk assessments and treatments for this group of patients.
Investigating the Visual Behavior Characteristics of Architectural Heritage Using Eye-Tracking
Authors: Li Na , Zhang Shanshan , Xia Lei , Wu Yue
Published: July 2022

The visual quality of architectural heritage is crucial to the preservation of architectural features, enhancement of the environmental quality, and conservation of the sustainable development and adaptive use of architectural heritage. Few studies have explored the visual behavior characteristics of rural architectural heritage and which elements influence visual perception. Our study used eye-tracking technology to explore this issue. The results indicate that participants have different visual behavior characteristics for architectural heritage in different scenarios, with five eye movement metrics showing statistical differences. Featured elements attracted more visual attention. The visual behavior characteristics were related to the area, relative area, distance from center, and perimeter. Based on the results, decision-makers can target the sustainable and virtuous development of architectural heritage and enhance environmental quality.
Development and Application of an Integrated Management System for Off-Site Construction Projects
Authors: Jang YeEun , Lee Jae-Man , Son JeongWook
Published: July 2022

The off-site construction (OSC) method has attracted the interest of experts to resolve productivity stagnation and lack of skilled workforce and to reduce greenhouse gas emissions in the construction industry. Due to the unique characteristics of OSC projects, wherein building elements are produced in a factory, transported, and installed in the field, a management approach that differs from the management techniques of previous construction projects is required. Accordingly, with this study, we examined the characteristics of OSC projects and derived key management items through literature review, case analysis, and expert meetings to develop an integrated management system for OSC projects (OSC-IMS). The proposed system, OSC-IMS, integrates the entire supply chain of the OSC project. It includes the following functions: drawing management, scheduling and planning, site installation planning, production planning, production monitoring, shipping and transportation, delivery and inspection, site installation monitoring, and progress payment management. To verify the applicability and effectiveness of OSC-IMS, it was implemented in four projects. The application of the system to the case studies demonstrated the improvements in work efficiency and accuracy and decreased waste time in every work step. The findings indicate that the system can enhance project performance. This study contributes to the identification of the features and key elements of OSC management such that these factors can be linked with managing system development. This work describes the overall effect of the proposed system on real projects.
Urine Cellular DNA Point Mutation and Methylation for Identifying Upper Tract Urinary Carcinoma
Authors: Ouyang Wei , Luo Lufeng , Zhang Junjie , Xu Ran , Lu Qiang , Xu Zhenzhou , Liu Jianye , Li Pei , Zhang Yaqun , Zhou Chuanchi , Tang Wei , Wang Zhenting , Cao Manman , Xu Genming , Wang Long
Published: July 2022

Background: To improve the selection of patients for ureteroscopy, avoid excessive testing and reduce costs, we aimed to develop and validate a diagnostic urine assay for upper tract urinary carcinoma (UTUC). Methods: In this cohort study we recruited 402 patients from six Hunan hospitals who underwent ureteroscopy for hematuria, including 95 patients with UTUC and 307 patients with non-UTUC findings. Midstream morning urine samples were collected before ureteroscopy and surgery. DNA was extracted and qPCR was used to analyze mutations in TERT and FGFR3 and the methylation of NRN1. In the training set, the random forest algorithm was used to build an optimal panel. Lastly, the Beijing cohort (n = 76) was used to validate the panel. Results: The panel combining the methylation with mutation markers led to an AUC of 0.958 (95% CI: 0.933–0.975) with a sensitivity of 91.58% and a specificity of 94.79%. The panel presented a favorable diagnostic value for UTUC vs. other malignant tumors (AUC = 0.920) and UTUC vs. benign disease (AUC = 0.975). Furthermore, combining the panel with age revealed satisfactory results, with 93.68% sensitivity, 94.44% specificity, AUC = 0.970 and NPV = 98.6%. In the external validation process, the model showed an AUC of 0.971, a sensitivity of 95.83% and a specificity of 92.31, respectively. Conclusions: A novel diagnostic model for analyzing hematuria patients for the risk of UTUC was developed, which could lead to a reduction in the need for invasive examinations. Combining NRN1 methylation and gene mutation (FGFR3 and TERT) with age resulted in a validated accurate prediction model.
Involvement of the Substance P/Neurokinin-1 Receptor System in Cancer
Authors: Coveñas Rafael , Muñoz Miguel
Published: July 2022

New, promising molecular targets to block tumor development and new compounds capable of specifically destroying cancer cells must be urgently investigated [...]
[68Ga]Ga-DOTANOC Uptake at Pancreatic Head/Uncinate Process: Is It a Persistent Diagnostic Pitfall Over Time?
Authors: Tabacchi Elena , Fortunati Emilia , Argalia Giulia , Zanoni Lucia , Calabrò Diletta , Telo Silvi , Campana Davide , Lamberti Giuseppe , Ricci Claudio , Casadei Riccardo , Fanti Stefano , Ambrosini Valentina
Published: July 2022

Purpose: [68Ga]Ga-DOTA-peptide uptake in the pancreatic head/uncinate process (UP) is a frequent PET/CT finding. Although mostly physiologic, it can represent a pitfall in PET/CT reading, especially when focal. An increased frequency of UP uptake has been reported in patients (pts) affected by diabetes mellitus (DM). The aim of the study is to describe the frequency of [68Ga]Ga-DOTANOC UP uptake to evaluate its variations over time and its possible correlation with DM. Methods: In September 2017, a monocentric prospective observational electronic archive was initiated at our center to collect clinical and imaging data of pts undergoing [68Ga]Ga-DOTANOC PET/CT. Among the pts enrolled in the first 6 months (Sept 2017 to Feb 2018), those presenting [68Ga]Ga-DOTANOC PET/CT uptake at UP level were included. Pts with UP lesions already documented on CT/MRI or those that underwent surgical excision of UP before PET/CT were excluded from the analysis. [68Ga]Ga-DOTANOC UP uptake was classified as diffuse or focal and compared with the pattern observed in previous PET/CT scans performed at our center. An increased frequency of UP uptake was also correlated with the presence of DM. Results: In the first 6 months, 253 pts were enrolled in the archive and 172 out of them were included in the analysis. UP increased uptake was frequently observed (77/172, 44.8%) and was mostly diffuse (62/77). In 75/172 pts (43.6%), previous [68Ga]Ga-DOTANOC PET/CT scans were available (overall 268 scans; number of previous PET per pt range: 1–20) and were retrospectively reviewed. Despite the fact that, in most pts, the uptake pattern was stable over time (54/75 pts, 72%), it changed in approximately one third of cases (21/75, 28%). Among DM pts (29/172), only 10/29 (34.4%) presented increased UP uptake. Conclusions: UP [68Ga]Ga-DOTANOC uptake is a frequent non-malignant finding (slightly higher than previously reported), mostly presenting with a diffuse pattern. However, contrary to previous reports, our data show that the pattern of uptake may vary over time in approximately one third of the cases and it is not more frequently observed in pts with DM.
Pulmonary Delivery of Extracellular Vesicle-Encapsulated Dinaciclib as an Effective Lung Cancer Therapy
Authors: Yuan Qian , Su Kui , Li Shuyi , Long Xinyi , Liu Lang , Yang Minghui , Yuan Xin , Sun Jianwu , Hu Junhua , Li Qin , Zhao Yu , Yuan Zhengqiang
Published: July 2022

The clinical outcomes of lung cancer remain poor, mainly due to the chemoresistance and low bioavailability of systemically delivered drugs. Therefore, novel therapeutic strategies are urgently needed. The TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL)-armed extracellular vesicle (EV-T) has proven to be highly synergistic for the killing of cancer cells with the potent cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) inhibitor Dinaciclib (Dina). However, both optimal drug formulations and delivery strategies are yet to be established to facilitate the clinical application of the combination of EV-T and Dina. We hypothesize that Dina can be encapsulated into EV-T to produce a complexed formulation, designated EV-T-Dina, which can be nebulized for pulmonary delivery to treat lung cancer with potentially improved efficacy and safety. The prepared EV-T-Dina shows good stability both in vitro and in vivo and is very efficient at killing two highly TRAIL-resistant cancer lines. The ability to overcome TRAIL resistance is associated with the concomitant downregulation of the expression of cFLIP, MCL-1, and Survivin by Dina. The EV-T-Dina solution is nebulized for inhalation, showing unique deposition in animal lungs and importantly it demonstrates a significant suppression of the growth of orthotopic A549 tumors without any detectable adverse side events. In conclusion, the aerosolized EV-T-Dina constitutes a novel therapy, which is highly effective and safe for the treatment of lung cancers.
Effects of Exosomal Viral Components on the Tumor Microenvironment
Authors: Li Jing , Zhang Yan , Luo Bing
Published: July 2022

Exosomes are extracellular membrane vesicles with a diameter of 30–100 nm, produced by different eukaryotic cells that contain multitudinous lipids, nucleic acids, and proteins. They transfer membrane components and nucleic acids between cells, thereby performing an information exchange between cells. Many studies have shown that a variety of tumor-associated viruses can exert their biological functions through exosomes. The tumor microenvironment (TME) is very important in the occurrence, development, and chemoresistance of tumors. It is composed of tumor cells, fibroblasts, endothelial cells, immune cells, stromal cells, and acellular components, such as exosomes and cytokines. This review focuses on the effects of virus-related components secreted by tumor cells over the TME in several virus-associated cancers.
Decorating of Ag and CuO on ZnO Nanowires by Plasma Electrolyte Oxidation Method for Enhanced Photocatalytic Efficiency
Authors: Thu Phung Thi , Thinh Vu Duy , Lam Vu Dinh , Bach Ta Ngoc , Phong Le Thi Hong , Tung Do Hoang , Manh Do Hung , Van Khien Nguyen , Anh Trinh Xuan , Le Ngo Thi Hong
Published: July 2022

In this work, photocatalytic performance is divulged in the ternary CuO-Ag-ZnO nanowire synthesized via a two-step approach. The decoration of Ag and CuO nanostructures onto the surface of ZnO nanowires was simply carried out by using the plasma electrolytic oxidation method in a short time. The structure, size, morphology, and optical properties of as-prepared samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction, field-emission scanning electron microscopy, and spectrophotometry measurements. The diameters of Ag nanoparticles and ZnO nanoflowers are in the range of 5–20 nm and 20–60 nm, respectively. Within the first 15 min, methyl orange was decolorized 96.3 and 82.8% in the CuO-Ag-ZnO and Ag-ZnO, respectively, and there is only about 46.7% of that decomposed in pure ZnO. The CuO-Ag-ZnO shows a higher rate constant k = 0.2007 min−1 and a lower half-life time t = 6.1 min compared to Ag-ZnO and bare ZnO nanowires. The photo-reusability of the ternary nanostructures was estimated to be much outweighed compared to ZnO nanowires. Interestingly, the synergic incorporation between noble metal–semiconductor or semiconductor–semiconductor in the interfaces of Ag-CuO, Ag-ZnO, and CuO-ZnO expands the visible light absorption range and eliminates the photogenerated electron–hole recombination, resulting in a superior visible-light-driven photocatalyst.
Microwave-Assisted CO Oxidation over Perovskites as a Model Reaction for Exhaust Aftertreatment—A Critical Assessment of Opportunities and Challenges
Authors: Röhrens Daniel , Abouserie Ahed , Wang Bangfen , Haselmann Greta , Simon Ulrich
Published: July 2022

We introduce a microwave (MW)-assisted heterogeneous catalytical setup, which we carefully examined for its thermal and performance characteristics. Although MW-assisted heterogeneous catalysis has been widely explored in the past, there is still need for attention towards the specific experimental details, which may complicate the interpretation of results and comparability in general. In this study we discuss technical and material related factors influencing the obtained data from MW-assisted heterogeneous catalysis, specifically in regards to the oxidation of carbon monoxide over a selected perovskite catalyst, which shall serve as a model reaction for exhaust gas aftertreatment. A high degree of comparability between different experiments, both in terms of setup and the catalysts, is necessary to draw conclusions regarding this promising technology. Despite significant interest from both fundamental and applied research, many questions and controversies still remain and are discussed in this study. A series of deciding parameters is presented and the influence on the data is discussed. To control these parameters is both a challenge but also an opportunity to gain advanced insight into MW-assisted catalysis and to develop new materials and processes. The results and discussion are based upon experiments conducted in a monomode MW-assisted catalysis system employing powdered solid-state perovskite oxides in a fixed bed reactor. The discussion covers critical aspects concerning the determination of the actual catalyst temperature, the homogeneity of the thermal distribution, time, and local temperature relaxation (i.e., thermal runaway effects and hotspot formation), particle size effects, gas flow considerations, and system design.
Citalopram Neuroendocrine Challenge Shows Altered Tryptophan and Kynurenine Metabolism in Migraine
Authors: Gecse Kinga , Édes Andrea , Nagy Tamás , Demeter Adrienn , Virág Dávid , Király Márton , Dalmadi Kiss Borbála , Ludányi Krisztina , Környei Zsuzsanna , Denes Adam , Bagdy Gyorgy , Juhasz Gabriella
Published: July 2022

Altered tryptophan (TRP) metabolism may have an important role in migraine susceptibility through its main metabolites, serotonin and kynurenine (KYN). Both affect pain processing and stress response by interfering with neural and brain hypersensitivity and by interacting with chemokines and cytokines that control vascular and inflammatory processes. The involvement of these pathways in migraine has been widely studied, but acute citalopram neuroendocrine challenge on TRP metabolism and cytokine profile has not been investigated yet. In our study, females with episodic migraine without aura and healthy controls were studied before and after acute citalopram or placebo in a double-blind setting. At baseline, increased TRP/large neutral amino acid (LNAA) ratio and decreased RANTES chemokine concentration were detected in migraine patients compared to controls. The challenge induced a significant increase in TRP, KYN, and TRP/LNAA in healthy controls, but not in migraine patients. Furthermore, migraine attack frequency negatively correlated with KYN/TRP ratio and positively correlated with the neuroendocrine-challenge-induced KYN concentration increase. Our results support a decreased breakdown of TRP via KYN pathway and a failure to modulate TRP–KYN pathway during citalopram-induced acute stress together with an increased vascular sensitivity in migraine. These mechanisms may provide useful drug targets for future drug development.
Distinct PKA Signaling in Cytosolic and Mitochondrial Compartments in Electrically Paced Atrial Myocytes
Authors: Kirschner Peretz Noa , Segal Sofia , Weiser-Bitoun Ido , Yaniv Yael
Published: July 2022

Protein kinase A (PKA) is a key nodal signaling molecule that regulates a wide range of cellular functions in the cytosol and mitochondria. The distribution of A-kinase anchoring proteins that tether PKA, the local interaction with degradation molecules, and regulation by Ca2+, may lead to distinct spatiotemporal cAMP/PKA signaling in these compartments. In this work, FRET-based sensors were used to investigate PKA signaling in the cytosol, outer mitochondrial membrane (OMM), and mitochondrial matrix (MM) and its crosstalk with Ca2+ in response to electrical stimulation of cultured rabbit atrial cells. A gradual decrease in PKA activity eliminating the ability of the atrial cells to respond to physiological electrical stimulation, was observed upon treatment of cells with H-89. Chelation of intracellular Ca2+ by BAPTA reduced PKA activity and diminished its response to forskolin, an AC stimulator. Under basal conditions, PKA activity in response to forskolin was lower in the OMM compared to the cytosol and MM. In response to electrical stimulation in the presence of ISO, distinct compartmentalization of PKA activity was observed, with higher activity in the cytosol and MM than in the OMM. Thus, distinct Ca2+-dependent spatiotemporal cAMP/PKA signaling exists in atrial cells, likely mediating its excitation and mitochondrial function.
Being Deaf in Mainstream Schools: The Effect of a Hearing Loss in Children’s Playground Behaviors
Authors: Da Silva Brenda M. S. , Rieffe Carolien , Frijns Johan H. M. , Sousa Herédio , Monteiro Luísa , Veiga Guida
Published: July 2022

Naturalistic playground observations are a rich source of information when studying the social interactions of preschool children. On the playground, children can interact with their peers, explore different places and activities, and engage in different types of play. For deaf and hard of hearing (DHH) children, interactions at a playground can be more difficult because of the large number of auditory stimuli surrounding them. Constraints in the access to the social world on the playground might hamper DHH children’s interactions with their typically hearing (TH) peers, activities, and play. This pilot study aimed to examine the playground behaviors of preschool DHH children across three aspects: social levels, type of activities, and play choices. For this purpose, 12 preschool DHH children were observed during recess time, and their behaviors were coded and compared to their 85 TH peers. The preliminary findings indicate that DHH children spend less time in social interactions compared to their TH peers and that they still face difficulties when socially engaging with their TH peers. These findings suggest that interventions should focus on three aspects: the physical environment awareness of TH peers about communicating with DHH children, and the use of exercise play to facilitate social interactions between DHH children and their TH peers.
Experimental Research on Magnesium Phosphate Cements Modified by Fly Ash and Metakaolin
Authors: Liu He , Feng Qidong , Yang Yanhai , Zhang Jingyi , Zhang Jian , Duan Guangchao
Published: July 2022

To increase performance and save costs when utilizing magnesium phosphate cements (MPC) to repair a damaged building structure or a cement pavement, MPC is typically combined with fly ash (FA) and metakaolin (MK). The influence of FA and MK on the workability, rheological characteristics, flexural strength, compressive strength, and drying shrinkage of MPC was investigated in this research. MPC samples with different percentages of FA and MK by weight replacement were prepared. The results indicate that an appropriate dosage of MK and FA could decrease MPC fluidity and delay the setting time. MPC’s yield stress and plastic viscosity were increased when MK was added. FA has a negative influence on flexural and compressive strength as compared to control MPC and the compressive strength of MPC with MK increases and then decreases. The drying shrinkage of MPC containing MK and FA is superior to control mixture. MPC with 10% FA and 10% MK has the best-modified performance in terms of the comprehensive performance of MPC at all test ages.
Tailoring Mechanical and Electrochemical Properties of the Cr15Fe20Co35Ni20Mo10 High-Entropy Alloy via the Competition between Recrystallization and Precipitation Processes
Authors: Li Bo , Ming Kaisheng , Bai Lichen , Wang Jing , Zheng Shijian
Published: July 2022

A strategy to improve the mechanical and electrochemical properties of Cr15Fe20Co35Ni20Mo10 (Mo10) high-entropy alloys (HEA) by regulating the thermal-mechanical process was investigated. Due to the mutual competition between recrystallization and μ-phase precipitation behavior, the microstructure after annealing consists of recrystallized fine face-centered cubic grains with numerous annealing twins, non-recrystallized deformed grains with high-density dislocations as well as high-density nanoscale μ-phase precipitates. The combination of grain boundary strengthening, precipitation strengthening, and hetero-deformation induced strengthening endowed an ultrahigh yield strength of 1189 MPa and a uniform elongation of 17.5%. The increased yield strength activated the formation of stacking faults and deformation twinning as the additional deformation modes, which enabled the Mo10 HEA to exhibit a high strain-hardening rate and thus maintained superior ductility and enhanced tensile strength. Most importantly, when high-density dislocations accumulate at the phase boundaries, the nanoscale μ-phase can plastically deform by dislocation slips and the formation of stacking faults, which can relieve the high stress concentrations and thus prevent the cracking. The electrochemical properties of the annealed Mo10 HEA are decreased (compared to the homogenized ones), but can be optimized by adjusting the content and size and fraction of the μ-phase. This work sheds light on developing high-performance HEAs.
Mid-Infrared HgTe Colloidal Quantum Dots In-Situ Passivated by Iodide
Authors: Liu Zekang , Wang Peng , Dong Ran , Gong Wei , Li Jingjie , Dai Dichao , Yan Hui , Zhang Yongzhe
Published: July 2022

Today, colloidal quantum dots (CQDs) have received wide attention due to their properties of tunable infrared absorption. For example, HgTe colloidal quantum dots have shown excellent optical absorption (absorption coefficient α > 104 cm−1), spectral absorption tunability covering the entire infrared atmospheric window, and even the terahertz (THz). However, the efficient surface passivation of HgTe CQDs was limited by the highly sterically hindered long-chain organic ligands. Here, we demonstrate a new method to synthesize monodisperse mid-infrared HgTe CQDs, and the preparation process of the Hg precursor solution is optimized. With I− in-situ passivated on the surfaces, the spherical HgTe quantum dots are successfully synthesized with the tunability size from 8 to 15 nm. The noise current density of the photoconductive device is as low as 10−11 A·Hz−1/2 at 130 K with a frequency of 1 Hz.
Tribological Properties of Chromia and Chromia Composite Coatings Deposited by Plasma Spraying
Authors: Bastakys Lukas , Marcinauskas Liutauras , Milieška Mindaugas , Grigaliūnas Matas , Matkovič Sebastjan , Aikas Mindaugas
Published: July 2022

Cr2O3 and Cr2O3–SiO2-TiO2 coatings are deposited on P265GH steel using atmospheric plasma spraying. The influence of silicon oxide—titanium oxide addition on the surface morphology of the coatings, phase composition and tribological properties under non-lubricated sliding conditions are investigated. The addition of SiO2-TiO2 led to the formation of a more uniform surface morphology and reduce the surface roughness of the Cr2O3 coatings. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) studies indicated that both coatings are composed of an eskoloite Cr2O3 phase. The friction coefficients of the Cr2O3 coating are 0.504 and 0.431 when 1 N and 3 N loads were used, respectively. Meanwhile, the Cr2O3–SiO2-TiO2 coating demonstrated slightly lower values of friction coefficients under similar loads. The specific wear rate of the as-sprayed coating is reduced with the addition of SiO2-TiO2. It was found that the wear rates of the Cr2O3 and Cr2O3–SiO2-TiO2 coatings are up to 20 times lower compared to the steel substrate. This article is an expanded version of the “19th international conference on plasma physics and applications” conference abstract.
Synthesis of Trivinylisooctyl POSS and Its Application in UV-Curing of Polyurethane Acrylate Coatings
Authors: Wang Yufeng , Cao Zhenheng , Wang Ziheng , Ma Aijuan
Published: July 2022

To improve the overall performance of polyurethane acrylic (PUAs) coatings applied to an iron or wood substrate, a modifier, trivinylisooctyl polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (TVi7iso–POSS), was successfully synthesized by a polycondensation reaction in the presence of an organotin catalyst. TVi7iso–POSS is a POSS derivative possessing three olefin and seven isooctyl bonds; its molecular structure was confirmed by FT-IR, 1H-NMR, and mass spectrometry. The synthesized TVi7iso–POSS was then used as a modifier with butyl methacrylate (BMA), dodecafluoroheptyl methacrylate (DFMA), difunctional PUA (PUA–2), and photo-initiator 1173 to produce a novel polyurethane coating (PFMPUAs) via UV-curing. The performance of the obtained PFMPUAs coating was analyzed via X-ray photoelectron spectrometry, SEM, atomic force microscopy, TGA, and differential scanning calorimetry. The newly synthesized modifier, TVi7iso–POSS, enhanced the thermal stability, hardness, flexibility, impact resistance, and adhesion of the PUAs coating and maintained its good light transmittance. Moreover, the PFMPUAs coating exhibited better overall performance compared to the previously studied PUAs coating when the addition of TVi7iso–POSS and DFMA was 15 wt.% of PUA–2. Therefore, the PFMPUAs coating has potential applications in the field of environmentally friendly coatings.
Research Progress of Monolithic Integrated DFB Laser Arrays for Optical Communication
Authors: Niu Shen , Song Yue , Zhang Ligong , Chen Yongyi , Liang Lei , Wang Ye , Qin Li , Jia Peng , Qiu Cheng , Lei Yuxin , Wang Yubing , Ning Yongqiang , Wang Lijun
Published: July 2022

Photonic integrated circuits (PICs) play a leading role in modern information and communications technology. Among the core devices in PICs is the distributed feedback (DFB) multi-wavelength semiconductor laser array. Multi-wavelength semiconductor laser arrays can be integrated on a single chip and have the advantages of high stability, good single-mode performance, and narrow line width. The wavelength tuning range has been expanded through the design of the DFB laser array, which is an ideal light source for wavelength-division multiplexing systems. The preparation of DFB laser arrays with a large number of channels, ease of mass production, and accurate emission wavelengths has become an important field of research. The connection methods of lasers in DFB laser arrays are introduced systematically and the current methods of manufacturing multi-wavelength DFB laser arrays covering the perspective of technical principles, technical advantages and disadvantages, main research progress, and research status are summarized.
Principles of Selective Area Epitaxy and Applications in III–V Semiconductor Lasers Using MOCVD: A Review
Authors: Wang Bin , Zeng Yugang , Song Yue , Wang Ye , Liang Lei , Qin Li , Zhang Jianwei , Jia Peng , Lei Yuxin , Qiu Cheng , Ning Yongqiang , Wang Lijun
Published: July 2022

Selective area epitaxy (SAE) using metal–organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) is a crucial fabrication technique for lasers and photonic integrated circuits (PICs). A low-cost, reproducible, and simple process for the mass production of semiconductor lasers with specific structures was realized by means of SAE. This paper presents a review of the applications of SAE in semiconductor lasers. Growth rate enhancement and composition variation, which are two unique characteristics of SAE, are attributed to a mask. The design of the mask geometry enables the engineering of a bandgap to achieve lasing wavelength tuning. SAE allows for the reproducible and economical fabrication of buried heterojunction lasers, quantum dot lasers, and heteroepitaxial III–V compound lasers on Si. Moreover, it enables the fabrication of compact photonic integrated devices, including electro-absorption modulated lasers and multi-wavelength array lasers. Results show that SAE is an economical and reproducible method to fabricate lasers with desired structures. The goals for SAE applications in the future are to improve the performance of lasers and PICs, including reducing the defects of the grown material introduced by the SAE mask and achieving precise control of the thickness and composition.
Cognitive Trajectories in Older Patients with Cancer Undergoing Radiotherapy—A Prospective Observational Study
Authors: Eriksen Guro Falk , Šaltytė Benth Jūratė , Grønberg Bjørn Henning , Rostoft Siri , Kirkevold Øyvind , Bergh Sverre , Hjelstuen Anne , Rolfson Darryl , Slaaen Marit
Published: July 2022

Cognitive function can be affected by cancer and/or its treatment, and older patients are at a particular risk. In a prospective observational study including patients ≥65 years referred for radiotherapy (RT), we aimed to investigate the association between patient- and cancer-related factors and cognitive function, as evaluated by the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), and sought to identify groups with distinct MoCA trajectories. The MoCA was performed at baseline (T0), RT completion (T1), and 8 (T2) and 16 (T3) weeks later, with scores ranging between 0 and 30 and higher scores indicating better function. Linear regression and growth mixture models were estimated to assess associations and to identify groups with distinct MoCA trajectories, respectively. Among 298 patients with a mean age of 73.6 years (SD 6.3), the baseline mean MoCA score was 24.0 (SD 3.7). Compared to Norwegian norm data, 37.9% had cognitive impairment. Compromised cognition was independently associated with older age, lower education, and physical impairments. Four groups with distinct trajectories were identified: the very poor (6.4%), poor (8.1%), fair (37.9%), and good (47.7%) groups. The MoCA trajectories were mainly stable. We conclude that cognitive impairment was frequent but, for most patients, was not affected by RT. For older patients with cancer, and in particular for those with physical impairments, we recommend an assessment of cognitive function.
Rotifer Species Richness in Kenyan Waterbodies: Contributions of Environmental Characteristics
Authors: Smolak Radoslav , Walsh Elizabeth J.
Published: July 2022

The aquatic microfauna of Africa is poorly characterized, especially in the case of planktonic rotifers inhabiting waterbodies other than large lakes. In addition, little is known about factors that structure these communities. Here, we assessed the roles of climatic region, habitat type, macrophyte abundance, and a suite of abiotic environmental factors in determining rotifer species’ richness and composition in waterbodies located across a 2300 m altitudinal gradient in Kenya. Plankton samples were obtained from 33 sites in 23 waterbodies. From these, 93 rotifer taxa were identified from 18 families comprising 31 genera. About one fourth (25 taxa) were new records for Kenya, from which 4 species were new for Africa. Species richness was the highest in permanent as compared to temporary habitats. Richness was strongly positively correlated with all environmental factors and strongly influenced by macrophyte abundance. When spatial structure was added to the GLM model, species richness was no longer significantly correlated with macrophytes. Unconstrained detrended correspondence analysis conducted at the species level indicated four suites of species associated with either (1) longitude, (2) elevation, (3) latitude, temperature, and hydroperiod, or (4) macrophytes. This study contributes to our knowledge of the patterns of rotifer biogeography and species richness in Africa.
Evaluation of Adjuvant Treatments for Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma of the Breast: A Population-Based, Propensity Score Matched Cohort Study from the SEER Database
Authors: Yang Liu , Wang Chaobin , Liu Miao , Wang Shu
Published: July 2022

Adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) is an extremely rare type of breast cancer. The role of adjuvant treatments for ACC remains controversial. Patients with a histology-confirmed diagnosis of ACC of the breast were identified based on the SEER (Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results) database. Propensity score matching (PSM) was performed to balance the baseline characteristics. The Kaplan–Meier method and Cox regression models were performed to determine the impact of the adjuvant chemotherapy (CT) and radiotherapy (RT) associated with breast cancer-specific survival (BCSS) and overall survival (OS). A total of 1036 patients with ACC of the breast were included. After a median follow-up of 11.3 years, the 10-year OS and BCSS rate was 76.2% and 92.6%, respectively. After PSM, adjuvant CT converted into neither OS (Log-rank p = 1.000) nor BCSS (Log-rank p = 0.900) benefits in patients with ACC of the breast. Adjuvant RT also did not improve OS (Log-rank p = 0.060) and BCSS (Log-rank p = 0.400). According to the univariate stratified analysis, adjuvant RT was favorable for OS in patients who underwent breast-conserving surgery (HR 0.66, 95% CI 0.45, 0.99, p = 0.042). From the multivariate analysis, histology grade and nodal status were independent prognostic factors for both OS and BCSS. In conclusion, ACC of the breast presented a favorable prognosis. Adjuvant treatment, especially adjuvant CT, might not be essential for patients with this disease.
Transvaginal Ultrasound vs. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) Value in Endometriosis Diagnosis
Authors: Baușic Alexandra , Coroleucă Ciprian , Coroleucă Cătălin , Comandașu Diana , Matasariu Roxana , Manu Andrei , Frîncu Francesca , Mehedințu Claudia , Brătilă Elvira
Published: July 2022

(1) Background: Endometriosis is a widespread gynecological condition that causes chronic pelvic discomfort, dysmenorrhea, infertility, and impaired quality of life in women of reproductive age. Clinical examination, transvaginal ultrasonography (TVS), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are significant preoperative non-invasive diagnosis procedures for the accurate assessment of endometriosis. Although TVS is used as the primary line for diagnosis, MRI is commonly utilized to achieve a better anatomical overview of the entire pelvic organs. The aim of this systematic review article is to thoroughly summarize the research on various endometriosis diagnosis methods that are less invasive. (2) Methods: To find relevant studies, we examined electronic databases, such as MEDLINE/PubMed, Cochrane, and Google Scholar, choosing 70 papers as references. (3) Results: The findings indicate that various approaches can contribute to diagnosis in different ways, depending on the type of endometriosis. For patients suspected of having deep pelvic endometriosis, transvaginal sonography should be the first line of diagnosis. Endometriosis cysts are better diagnosed with TVS, whereas torus, uterosacral ligaments, intestine, and bladder endometriosis lesions are best diagnosed using MRI. When it comes to detecting intestine or rectal nodules, as well as rectovaginal septum nodules, MRI should be the imaging tool of choice. (4) Conclusions: When diagnosing DE (deep infiltrative endometriosis), the examiner’s experience is the most important criterion to consider. In the diagnosis of endometriosis, expert-guided TVS is more accurate than routine pelvic ultrasound, especially in the deep infiltrative form. For optimal treatment and surgical planning, accurate preoperative deep infiltrative endometriosis diagnosis is essential, especially because it requires a multidisciplinary approach.
Generalized Maximum Complex Correntropy Augmented Adaptive IIR Filtering
Authors: Zheng Haotian , Qian Guobing
Published: July 2022

Augmented IIR filter adaptive algorithms have been considered in many studies, which are suitable for proper and improper complex-valued signals. However, lots of augmented IIR filter adaptive algorithms are developed under the mean square error (MSE) criterion. It is an ideal optimality criterion under Gaussian noises but fails to model the behavior of non-Gaussian noise found in practice. Complex correntropy has shown robustness under non-Gaussian noises in the design of adaptive filters as a similarity measure for the complex random variables. In this paper, we propose a new augmented IIR filter adaptive algorithm based on the generalized maximum complex correntropy criterion (GMCCC-AIIR), which employs the complex generalized Gaussian density function as the kernel function. Stability analysis provides the bound of learning rate. Simulation results verify its superiority.
Dynamic Feedback versus Varna-Based Techniques for SDN Controller Placement Problems
Authors: Aly Wael Hosny Fouad , Kanj Hassan , Alabed Samer , Mostafa Nour , Safi Khaled
Published: July 2022

During the past few years, software-defined networking (SDN) has become a successful architecture that decouples the control plane from the data plane. SDN has the capability to monitor and control the network in a central fashion through a softwarization process. The central element is the controller. For the current SDN architectures, there is an essential need for multiple controllers. The process of placing the controllers efficiently in an SDN environment is called the controller placement problem (CPP). Earlier CPP solutions focused on improving the propagation delays through the capacity of the controllers and the dynamic load on the switches. In this paper, we develop a novel algorithm called dynamic feedback algorithm for controller placement for SDN (DFBCPSDN). DFBCPSDN is compared with the varna-based optimization (VBO) towards solving the CPP. We used the VBO as the reference model to this work since it is relatively a new algorithm. Moreover, the VBO extensively outperformed many other existing models. To the best of our knowledge, this is one of the first attempts to minimize the total average latency of SDN using feedback control theoretic techniques. Experimental results indicate that the DFBCPSDN outperforms the VBO algorithm implemented in two well-known topologies, namely Internet2 OS3E topology and EU-GÉANT topology. We observe that for uncapacitated CPP, the DFBCPSDN outperforms the VBO for Internet2 OS3E and EU-GÉANT topologies by 11% and 9%, respectively, in terms of total average latency. On the other hand, for capacitated CPP, the DFBCPSDN algorithm outperforms the VBO reference model by 10% and 8%, respectively.
Development of a Virtual Object Weight Recognition Algorithm Based on Pseudo-Haptics and the Development of Immersion Evaluation Technology
Authors: Son Eunjin , Song Hayoung , Nam Seonghyeon , Kim Youngwon
Published: July 2022

In this work, we propose a qualitative immersion evaluation technique based on a pseudo-haptic-based user-specific virtual object weight recognition algorithm and an immersive experience questionnaire (IEQ). The proposed weight recognition algorithm is developed by considering the moving speed of a natural hand tracking-based, user-customized virtual object using a camera in a VR headset and the realistic offset of the object’s weight when lifting it in real space. Customized speeds are defined to recognize customized weights. In addition, an experiment is conducted to measure the speed of lifting objects by weight in real space to obtain the natural object lifting speed weight according to the weight. In order to evaluate the weight and immersion of the developed simulation content, the participants’ qualitative immersion evaluation is conducted through three IEQ-based immersion evaluation surveys. Based on the analysis results of the experimental participants and the interview, this immersion evaluation technique shows whether it is possible to evaluate a realistic tactile experience in VR content. It is predicted that the proposed weight recognition algorithm and evaluation technology can be applied to various fields, such as content production and service support, in line with market demand in the rapidly growing VR, AR, and MR fields.
Enhanced Automatic Morphometry of Nerve Histological Sections Using Ensemble Learning
Authors: Dweiri Yazan , Al-Zanina Mousa , Durand Dominique
Published: July 2022

There is a need for an automated morphometry algorithm to facilitate the otherwise labor-intensive task of the quantitative histological analysis of neural microscopic images. A benchmark morphometry algorithm is the convolutional neural network Axondeepseg (ADS), which yields a high segmentation accuracy for scanning and transmission electron microscopy images. Nevertheless, it shows decreased accuracy when applied to optical microscopy images, and it has been observed to yield sizable false positives when identifying small-sized neurons within the slides. In this study, ensemble learning is used to enhance the performance of ADS by combining it with the paired image-to-image translation algorithm PairedImageTranslation (PIT). Here, 120 optical microscopy images of peripheral nerves were used to train and test the ensemble learning model and the two base models individually for comparison. The results showed weighted pixel-wise accuracy for the ensemble model of 95.5%, whereas the ADS and PIT yielded accuracies of 93.4% and 90%, respectively. The automated measurements of the axon diameters and myelin thicknesses from the manually marked ground truth images were not statistically different (p = 0.05) from the measurements taken from the same images when segmented using the developed ensemble model, while they were different when they were measured from the segmented images by the two base models individually. The automated measurement of the G ratios indicated a higher similarity to the ground truth testing images for the ensemble model in comparison with the individual base models. The proposed model yielded automated segmentation of the nerve slides, which were sufficiently equivalent to the manual annotations and could be employed for axon diameters and myelin thickness measurements for fully automated histological analysis of the neural images.
Socio-Environmental Evaluation of MV Commercial Time-Shift Application Based on Battery Energy Storage Systems
Authors: Leduchowicz-Municio Alba , Udaeta Miguel Edgar Morales , Gimenes André Luiz Veiga , Ji Tuo , Riboldi Victor Baiochi
Published: July 2022

The urgent need to curb climate change calls for an energy transition to cleaner, more resilient and sustainable solutions. Combined designs of energy storage systems and demand management strategies are becoming more frequent in the literature. However, are these solutions really sustainable from a multi-dimensional approach and in real-world applications? To answer this question, this work performs a local and scaled-up field-based evaluation of the social and environmental impacts of a pilot project in Brazil, which consists of replacing diesel generators with a Battery Energy Storage System (BESS) in a peak power plant of a Medium Voltage (MV) commercial load. For this, the combined RCPA-LCI method is applied, which allows characterizing both energy alternatives jointly considering the Life Cycle Inventory (LCI) and the multi-dimensional evaluation perspective of the Resource Complete Potential Assessment (RCPA). Then, the scalability of this commercial solution at the national level is analyzed through two main lenses: GHG emissions reduction and job generation. The benefits are estimated at a potential 15.4 million tons of CO2 avoided and 113 new job opportunities per year. The results demonstrate the positive socio-environmental performance of BESS-based peak plants for MV commercial applications in Brazil.
Energy Efficiency of Small Wind Turbines in an Urbanized Area—Case Studies
Authors: Zagubień Adam , Wolniewicz Katarzyna
Published: July 2022

This study aimed to determine whether the wind zone that characterizes a given area of the country in open area is reflected in the built-up area lying within the zone. Analysis included four Polish cities located in different wind zones. The two-parameter Weibull density distribution function was used to present the wind conditions at each location. Two 3 kW VAWT devices were selected to evaluate the productivity of wind turbines at the locations analyzed. It was shown that the wind zones characterizing the wind potential of a region in an open area have no significant influence on the wind conditions in the built-up area located in that area. It was determined that the study location’s did not exhibit wind potential that could be economically justified by a wind turbine. WTs in the city do not reach their nominal productivity. A decisive advantage of very light winds was observed (up to 2 m/s) and a large proportion of so-called atmospheric calms. It was shown that the installation of small wind turbines in an urbanized area requires a minimum of annual wind measurements at the exact location and height of each future turbine planned.