bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ВИКОРИСТАННЯ РІЗНИХ ВИДІВ ТЕХНОЛОГІЙ У МІЖНАРОДНОМУ БІЗНЕСІ
Authors: Отенко Ірина П. , Птащенко Олена В. , Самок Олег
Published: March 2021

The paper offers insights into basic technology used by modern multinational corporations along with identifying the key trends in modern technological environment and outlining its further development prospects. The study reveals that one of the most significant manifestations of the new economy is the process of commercialization of the information sector and the transfer of business operations and part of business process to cyberspace which drives its growth together with the emergence of a new industry – e-commerce, a new sector of the economy that rapidly is becoming more promising and dynamic. It is emphasized that this sector is based on the new models of cooperation between producers, consumers and intermediaries, as well as on new specific product promotion methods. Yet, this does not deny traditional forms of interaction between economic agents and the movement of goods, on the contrary – suggests alternatives to complement them. Within the scope of this article, information networks are considered both as the environment for running business processes, and as the e-commerce infrastructure. The research findings demonstrate that use of modern technology contributes to better adaptation of international business to dynamic challenges of globalization and integration, as well as ensures progress in shaping a modern global economic area. Apart from that, an in-depth analysis of the contemporary technological environment provides evidence that information society encourages producers of goods and services to more rapidly develop technologies at different levels and to suggest a methodology for their application.
ОСОБЛИВОСТІ ВПЛИВУ ДІЯЛЬНОСТІ СІЛЬСЬКОГОСПОДАРСЬКИХ ПІДПРИЄМСТВ НА СТАЛИЙ РОЗВИТОК РЕГІОНІВ
Authors: Поленкова Марина В.
Published: March 2021

The article substantiates the relevance of sustainable development in modern business settings. The study provides calculation of indices of economic, environmental and social sustainability of regions in the 2017–2019 period along with suggesting an algorithm for a multifactor dynamic regression modeling method application. Within the scope of this research, the impact of agribusiness companies’ performances on economic, environmental and social sustainability of regions has been measured to integrate them as the key elements of aggregated indices of regional sustainable development. The greatest influence among the studied indicators on the economic, ecological and social sustainability of the region was revealed. To attain the research agenda, a methodological approach based on the calculation of indices and growth rates for relevant economic, social and environmental indicators has been employed. The findings reveal that the greatest impact on regional economic sustainability have the following indicators: total output of roots, tubers, vegetables and cucurbits produced by food manufacturing companies of all categories; the crop area for harvesting grain and grain legumes; total output of industrial crops; the area for forage crops harvesting. The greatest impact on environmental regional sustainability is attributed to the following indicators: the crop area for harvesting roots, tubers, vegetables and cucurbits; the area where the pesticides were applied. The greatest impact on social regional sustainability among all indicators under study has been demonstrated by the output of grain and grain legumes and the crop area for harvesting industrial crops. Based on the research findings, in the context of agribusiness strategic planning, the study provides a reasoned argument as to the critical need to adhere to the basic principles of sustainable development to ensure further socioeconomic growth in rural areas.
ЖІНОЧЕ ПІДПРИЄМНИЦТВО В УКРАЇНІ: ОСОБЛИВОСТІ РОЗВИТКУ
Authors: Fastovets Nataliia V.
Published: March 2021

The article discusses the specifics of female entrepreneurship development in Ukraine along with presenting the author’s original definition of a female entrepreneurship concept. The objective of this study is to identify common characteristics, types and patterns of female entrepreneurship. At this stage of the study, the current state, trends and the development specifics of female entrepreneurship in Ukraine have been explored. The results of statistical data analysis and social research findings have enabled to provide insights on the female entrepreneurship development dynamics in Ukraine, reveal its basic characteristics and forms as well as the key drivers of female entrepreneurial activity and the structure of their motivation, and apart from that, to identify the business areas in which female entrepreneurs are actively engaged. The study also provides strong statistical evidence supporting the statement that female entrepreneurship is a crucial factor that spurs economic growth, job creation, income equality, and contributes to enhancing social stability in the society. In the frameworks of the research agenda, this paper also seeks to explore the fundamental tenets underpinning female-led businesses. In this context, the study presents the assessment results on employment indicators, the degree of company profitability and the pay rate in female-led businesses. The research findings reveal that the core of female entrepreneurship specifics in Ukraine refer to the entrepreneurial motivation of Ukrainian women which differs significantly from male incentives and which makes female entrepreneurship a unique tool in meeting the aspirations of women for their self-actualization in the society. It is argued that female entrepreneurship in Ukraine demonstrates a steady upward trend despite yet relatively low rate of overcoming gender inequality in Ukraine's economy.
КОНЦЕПТУАЛЬНІ ПРИНЦИПИ УПРАВЛІННЯ РОЗВИТКОМ ІННОВАЦІЙНО АКТИВНИХ ПІДПРИЄМСТВ АГРАРНОЇ СФЕРИ
Authors: Hanushchak-Yefimenko Liudmyla M.
Published: March 2021

The article presents the research findings on managing the development of innovation active agribusiness enterprises along with providing a well-reasoned approach to managing agricultural innovations. An in-depth analysis of fundamental conceptual premises revealed the presence of a strong correlation between scientific and technological progress and economic innovation process putting special emphasis on the dominant role of science and technology advances, the core of which is innovation. Innovations being a separate segment of the investment market and its object, both at a time, are closely intertwined with investment since investment beyond innovation often does not make sense, as far as it is hardly possible to keep effectively reproducing the same capital equipment, technology or organizational structure. Moreover, innovations are doomed to fail without attracting investment. Given the crucial significance of innovations for the agribusiness development, the need to build an innovation strategy that ensures the overall alignment of business innovation goals and investment objectives is considered paramount. Apart from the above, the study also offers a detailed overview on the best practices of implementing effective incentive mechanisms to encourage new forms of interaction and cooperation in science and technology between research institutions and industry which operate as integrated structures of different types. Such organizational paradigm of agribusiness innovative activities contributes to tackle the issues of fundamentally new innovative development associated with building new technological modes that spur the emergence of new management patterns for the “science – technology – industry” cycle. It is argued that the ultimate assessment of management effectiveness of innovative agribusiness development could be performed only after the completion of the final phase of innovation implementation since only after bringing a novelty to market one can evaluate the market demand satisfaction rate.
Green Volunteerism – A new approach to achieve the United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goals
Authors: Yee Tan Xin , Wei Chong Chin , Ojo Adedapo Oluwaseyi
Published: March 2021

The Earth's climate has changed in great measure throughout history, and it significantly impacts human society, economic development, and ecological degradation. Understanding how to sustain green volunteerism among youth is an important issue to confronting today’s ecological challenges, especially when they may serve as future leaders of environmental movements. In a focus group setting, 25 representatives of multi-stakeholders discussed how and why students in higher education institutions participate in green volunteering. Transcripts from the conversation were analyzed to comprehend the motives, challenges, and benefits of youth engagement in green volunteering. Findings suggested that young adults are aware of and working on climate issues. A few issues were raised as challenges and/or demotivating factors in youth engagement among green volunteerism.
Semantic as well as referential relevance facilitates the processing of referring expressions.
Authors: Davies Catherine , Richardson Anna
Published: March 2021

A range of studies investigating how overspecified referring expressions (e.g., the stripy cup to describe a single cup) affect referent identification have found it to slow identification, speed it up, or yield no effect on processing speed. To date, these studies have all used adjectives that are semantically arbitrary within the sentential context.In addition to the standard ‘informativeness’ design that manipulates the presence of contrast sets, we controlled the semantic relevance of adjectives in discourse to reveal whether overspecifying adjectives would affect processing when relevant to the context (fed the hungry rabbit) compared to when they are not (tickled the hungry rabbit). Using a self-paced reading paradigm with a sample of adult participants (N=31), we found that overspecified noun phrases were read more slowly than those that distinguished a member of a contrast set. Importantly, this penalty was mitigated when adjectives were semantically relevant.Contrary to classical approaches, we show that modifiers do not necessarily presuppose a set, and that referential and semantic information is integrated rapidly in pragmatic processing. Our data support Fukumura and van Gompel’s (2017) meaning-based redundancy hypothesis, which predicts that it is the specific semantic representation of the overspecifying adjective that determines whether a penalty is incurred, rather than generic Gricean expectations. We extend this account using a novel experimental design.
DAMPAK PERDAGANGAN INTERNASIONAL TERHADAP PERDAGANGAN BATIK INDONESIA
Authors: Andriana Yunita Fitra , Septiana Ulfa
Published: March 2021

Di era globalisasi ini, Indonesia dihadapkan pada masalah perdagangan internasional yang dimulai dari lahirnya ASEAN Free Trade Area (AFTA) pada ASEAN Summit di Singapura pada tahun 1992. Sejak saat itu perdagangan internasional yang melibatkan Indonesia di era modern ini terus berkembang. Selanjutnya ada kesepakatan ASEAN-China Free Trade Area (ACFTA) yang dikukuhkan pada ASEAN Summit ke-10 di Laos pada tahun 2004, kemudian berkembang lagi menjadi Masyarakat Ekonomi ASEAN (MEA) yang mulai berlaku pada tahun 2015. Kesepakatan perdagangan internasional ini menimbulkan permasalahan pada Indonesia, yang secara perekonomian termasuk yang tertinggal, sehingga mulai mengandalkan industri kreatif yang berfokus pada penciptaan barang dan jasa dengan mengandalkan keahlian, bakat dan kreatifitas individu sebagai sebuah kekayaan intelektual. Sektor ini dipercaya pemerintah sebagai harapan bagi ekonomi Indonesia untuk bangkit, bersaing dan meraih keunggulan dalam ekonomi global. Pada tulisan ini akan membahas dampak perdagangan internasional terhadap perdagangan batik sebagai salah satu komoditas dalam industri kreatif, dengan pendekatan kritik dan fenomenologi yang melihat fenomena perdagangan internasional dan mengkaitkan batik sebagai komoditi perdagangan.
State, Migrants, and the Negotiation of Second-Generation Citizenship in the Israeli Diaspora
Authors: Cohen Nir
Published: March 2021

Using second-generation Israeli migrants in the United States as a case study, this article explores one unusual site in which the politics of diasporic citizenship unfolds. It examines the North American chapter of the Israeli Scouts (Tzofim Tzabar) as an arena of negotiation between representatives of the sending state apparatus and migrants over the meaning (and practices) of citizenship outside national territory. This quotidian space is important to migrants’ contestation with the state concerning their claims for a form of membership that is neither territorial nor contingent upon the fulfillment of traditional civic duties (e.g., military service). Challenging the state-supported model of republicanism, in which presence in territory and the fulfillment of a predetermined set of civic duties are preconditions for citizenship, Israeli migrants advocate instead an arrangement based on a strong cultural identity and a revised set of diaspora-based material practices of support.
What Are “Reverse Diasporas” and How Are We to Understand Them?
Authors: Hess Christin
Published: March 2021

This article presents empirical evidence from two contemporary diasporas to support the thesis that formal return to the homeland does not necessarily “unmake” diasporas, as some scholars have previously suggested. I argue that, instead, so-called reverse diaspora formation processes take place, with important repercussions for the acculturation of co-ethnic immigrants in their nominal “homelands.” This article focuses on this latter issue, primarily on processes of identity formation and notions of belonging and home, which are particularly meaningful in the context of this diasporic “homecoming.” It draws on the structured comparison of the ethnic Greek and ethnic German diasporas from the former Soviet Union who moved to Greece and Germany after perestroika. Despite their rich and illuminating analogies and overlaps, these two diaspora groups have never been compared and contrasted before. After a brief historical contextualization, complicated processes of identity negotiation and belonging in the putative “historical homelands” are investigated comparatively, lending credence to the idea that “reverse” German and Greek diasporas have developed within (and often in conflict with) contemporary Greek and German societies. The fact that they occur simultaneously in both countries tends to suggest that the concept of reverse diaspora is an important one that needs closer attention from scholars in the future. The article concludes by outlining how we may conceptualize a reverse diaspora, based on existing definitions of diaspora. My research materials consist of in-depth qualitative data collected over the course of six years by means of eighty-one semi-structured interviews in Russian, German, and Greek with migrants and experts in Greece and Germany, embedded in ethnographic research and supplemented by statistical data.
Investigation Of The Relationship Between The Personality, Organizational Identification and Turnover In Competitive Flight Model
Authors: TUNÇ Pervin , YILDIRIM Osman , AYDIN GÖKTEPE Esra , ÇAPUK Selçuk
Published: March 2021

The aim of this study is to analyze the employees of the low cost carriers (LCC) and Full Service Carriers (FSC) personal traits, organizational indentification and Turnover. The research data were collected by the Personality Traits Scale and Turnover Scale. The sample consisted of 175 working in the LCC business model and 175 working in the FSC business model. The models obtained by the path analysis for the research variables were statistically tested and fit indices were investigated for each model. It was determined that the Organizational Identification (OI) has a full mediating effect on the relationship between the Emotinonal Stability (ES) and the Turnover (TO) in the LCC business model. In the same way, employees working in the full service airline business model; In the effect of ES variable on TO variable, OI variable was determined to have full mediating effect. When structural equation model is applied to the data obtained from all partipicipants, it is determined that the OI variable has a partial mediating effect on the effect of the Conscientiousness (C) on the TO. It can be thought that the research findings will contribute to airline human resources professionals and researchers in strategic planning.
Hemivertebrectomy of L5 in Grade 2 Chondrosarcoma: Is a Single Posterior Approach with No Nerve Root Sacrifice Possible? A Case Report
Authors: Colangeli S. , Ruinato A. D. , Ipponi E. , Colangeli S. , Capanna R.
Published: March 2021

En-bloc resection of spine tumors is difficult to achieve compared to extremities tumors for anatomical reason. Several surgical techniques have been described, such as combined multiple surgical approaches or an enlarged single posterior approach. These demanding strategies correlate with high rate of intraoperative/postoperative complications. The current case is about a patient treated with a single posterior-lateral surgical approach to perform hemivertebrectomy of L5 for a single grade 2 chondrosarcoma metastasis (WBB 2-5/b-c). Usually, L5 hemivertebrectomy requires a combined surgical approach to preserve L5 root. The final solution was to perform a T-shape skin incision: a longitudinal branch centered on the vertebral spine and a transverse branch on the iliac crest. This approach allowed osteotomy of the ipsilateral iliac crest, achieving sufficient view to preserve L5 root and vessels anteriorly; the same osteotomy was used to create a bone autograft to reconstruct the residual part of L5. Finally, cryotherapy was used in order to increase the adequacy of surgical margins. A L3-S1 arthrodesis is assembled to achieve stability of the system. Surgical time was 5 hours, no nerve roots have been sacrificed nor any other intraoperative complications occurred. This surgical technique had never been described before in literature.
Descriptive model of influence of ownership concentration on the corporate capital management
Authors: Laktionova Oleksandra , Rudenok Olha
Published: March 2021

Introduction. Significantly important factors that define the company's efficiency are the structure of proprietorship and capital structure. Therefore, the item of the relationship between these factors is reflected in the works of scientists. The necessary issue is the pick of correlation between own and borrowed funds since the optimum structure of capital leads to magnification of the market value based on company performance results. The relevance of deciding on the capital structure determines the feasibility of determining the effect of concentrated ownership on capital structure. In an unstable political, social, legal, and economic environment, ownership concentration turns into a compensatory mechanism that fills numerous institutional gaps. Concentrated possession enables it possible to influence the capital structure through agency costs.
Aim and tasks. The main purpose of the article is to determine the link between concentration level of ownership and capital structure, between ownership structure and leverage. This paper substantiates the problem of “principal-agent” to identify problematic issues to further develop recommendations to strengthen appropriate market incentives.
Results. The paper shows that the problem of the “principal-agent” exists independently of the rate of ownership concentration in the corporation. Agency costs are one of the determining factors in the composition of a corporation’s capital. This paper has clearly shown approaches to identifying the nature of the effect of ownership structure on the capital structure. It has been established how this influence is carried out, taking into account the mismatch of various groups of owners' interests and the effect of their “entrenching”, as well as the consequences of monitoring and expropriation with a highly concentrated structure of ownership.
Conclusions. The choice of the ratio of own and borrowed funds depends on the actual ownership structure. Assumptions are made, the increase in the corporation's leverage owing to an increase in the blockholders shares. There is a reciprocal interconnection between leverage and agency costs. Because changing leverage is an instrument that helps to overcome agency conflicts and not just only proves is the result of their presence. The selected special characteristics gave grounds to conclude that the adjustment of the ratio of a company's debt to the value of its equity also depends on the goal of management solutions, as well as the current facility and prospects of the corporation.
Cancer Atlas Project–Haryana: Insights for Healthcare Planners
Authors: Chaturvedi Meesha , Sathishkumar Krishnan , Vijaykumar Dampilla Daniel , Natarajan Sathya , Roselind Francis Selvaraj , Singh Rekha , Rath Goura Kishore
Published: March 2021

Objective: A comprehensive coordinated effort was undertaken by National Cancer Registry Programme (NCRP) and its coordinating unit in an Indian State – Haryana, to map cancer incidence, to provide regional overview of geographical patterns of Cancer within state of Haryana to serve as basis for informing public and policy makers. Methods: Information on new cases, residents of Haryana state, and diagnosed with cancer during years 2016 -17 was collected from several medical set-ups in 21 districts across Haryana and its neighboring states. Data received from Hospitals registered under NCRP was also included. Age-Adjusted incidence Rates (AARs) were calculated by gender and site for each district in State. All districts were used for comparison of AARs with rates to those from established population based cancer registries. Cumulative risk of developing cancer was calculated.Results: Data from 36736 cases was collated. Comparison of AARs revealed that there are high incidence rates of head and neck cancers in males, whereas cancer breast was leading site in females. Relative proportions of cancers of sites associated with use of tobacco, were found high in some semi-urban districts of state. Project has recognized and substantiated need of setting up of screening programmes and Population Based Cancer Registry in Haryana. The study was done using an electronic data-capture methodology which is remarkably cost-effective and provides a model for health informatics in setting of developing country.Conclusion: Contiguous areas of high incidence of cancer recorded in state have shown higher rates of tobacco related cancers (Head & Neck, Lung) necessitating rigorous control on tobacco usage. Higher incidence of certain cancers associated with reproductive system of both men (prostate) and women (cervix and breast) implicates factors such as lifestyle changes due to urbanization. Overall, the project is a step towards good cancer statistics availability in the country.
VARIABILITY OF THE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF FRUITS OF STRAWBERRY SELECTED HYBRID FORMS
Authors: Zhbanova Е. V. , Lukyanchuk I. V.
Published: March 2021

The paper analysed three-year data (2017–2019) for chemical composition of fruit in promising selected strawberry seedlings (totally-more than 100 forms) from genetical pool of the I. V. Michurin Federal Scientific Center. Average values and the range of variation in the content of the main food and biologically active substances have been determined: soluble solids percentage varies from 8.7–17.0 % (mean 12.4 %), total sugars 5.8–13.2 % (mean 8.8 %), titrable acids — 0.54–1.34 % (mean 0.56 %), ascorbic acid — 44.0–110.4 mg/100 g (mean 72.9 mg/100 g), anthocyanins — 7.3–145.4 mg/100 g (mean 56.8 mg/100 g). In 2019 year the following selected forms 915-104 (298-22-19-21×Feyerverk), 20-8 (Prazdnichnaya×Dedanka), 28-19 (Lakomaya×Maryshka), 921-7 ([(516-167×Cardinal)×Feyerverk); 30-5 (Feyerverk×Privlekatelnaya) are characterized by high sugar accumulation (up to 10.0 %). In 2018 year the high vitamin C content (more over 100.0 mg/100 g) was observed in selected seedlings 914-27, 91459 (Festivalnaya×Privlekatelnaya), 56-9, 56-12 (Gigantella Maxim×Privlekatelnaya); high anthocyanin content (over 100.0 mg/100 g) was demonstrated (in selected seedlings 928-12 (298-19-9-43×Privlekatelnaya), 35-16 (922-67×Maryshka), 25-1 (Rubinovy Kulon×Maryshka), 21-44 (Urozhainaya CGL×Rubinovy Kulon). High and stable content of soluble solids, sugars and optimal acidity of fruit are registered in selected seedlings 26-5 (Rubinovy Kulon×298-19-9-43), 56-9 (Gigantella Maxim×Privlekatelnaya). The selected seedlings 914-9, 914-27 (Festivalnaya×Privlekatelnaya), 25-1 (Rubinovy Kulon×Maryshka), 56-8, 56-9 (Gigantella Maxim×Privlekatelnaya) exhibited the stable level of vitamin C content. High and stable anthocyanin content was confirmed in selected seedlings 914-9, 914-27 (Festivalnaya×Privlekatelnaya), 21-14 (Urozhainaya CGL×Rubinovy Kulon) and 25-1 (Rubinovy Kulon×Maryshka). According to the complex of biochemical characteristics the following selected forms were identified from the hybrid combination Festivalnaya×Privlekatelnaya: 914-27 (ascorbic acid — 90.2 mg/100 g, anthocyanins — 81.6 mg/100 g, sugars — 9.4 %), 914-9 (ascorbic acid — 89.8 mg/100 g, anthocyanins — 90.3 mg/100 g, sugars — 8.4 %).
The periodization of the relations between Dzungaria and Tibet in the first half of the 18th century.
Authors: Kitinov Baatr U. , Qiang Liu
Published: March 2021

The authors examine the relationship between Dzungaria and Tibet in the first half of the 18thcentury. A whole series of events that happened in these countries coincide chronologically in a rather surprising way. The authors highlight the important events of this period: the seizure of Lhasa by the Dzungars in 1717–1720, the uprising of the Kukunor Khoshuts in 1723–1724, the development of Dzungar-Tibetan relations in the second quarter of the 18thcentury. They stress the Galdan-Tsereng’s embassy to the Dalai-lama in 1742/1743, the event, which was mentioned even in the Russian archival documents. Besides, they pay special attention to the activities of the main leaders, such as Dzungarian hungtaiji: Tsewang-Rabdan, Galdan-Tsereng; Tibetan rulers: rgyal-po Lhawzang, miwang Pholanay, the Dalai-lamas Sixth and Seventh; the Qing emperors: Kangxi, Yongzheng, Qianlong. They quote the letters exchanged between the Qing emperors, on the one hand, and the Dzungar (and Khoshut) leaders, on the other. The authors concluded that the relations between Dzungaria and Tibet during the first half of the 18thcentury could be subdivided into three stages (1703–1717; 1717–1727; 1727–1745/1750, each with its peaks). These relations, as well as their development, largely depended on the state of the relations between the dynasty of Qing and Tibet, especially the imperial policy towards Dzungaria.
The Fustat al-‘adala’s relation to the Siyar al-muluk: textual analysis
Authors: Khismatulin Alexey A.
Published: March 2021

The bureaucratic system of the Great Saljuqs (431–552/1040–1157) reached the apogee of its development in connection with extensive conquests and the need to effectively manage the conquered territories. This system was later preserved by their Anatolian successors (c. 483–707/1081–1308), along with the methods of climbing the administrative career ladder. Along with the hereditary succession in government appointments, the making of literary forgeries, hidden plagiarism and the deliberate editing of texts written by other people occupied not the last place among these methods in order to obtain a high position at the Saljuqid сourt. These methods clearly characterize both the genre of administrative literature and the authors who worked in it. The structure and content of their compilations in this genre directly depended on the vacancies they applied for. The Fustat al-‘adala organically fits into a number of other texts written in the genre of administrative literature in the Saljuqid era. As shown by the textual analysis in this article, the Fustat al-‘adala’s compiler resorted to hidden plagiarism of voluminous fragments from sources of different genres, as well as to their deliberate editing in order to get a position at the сourt of Muzaffar al-din b. Alp Yurak (d. 691/1292) who was the military commander and ruler of the Chobanids beylik with its administrative center in Kastamonu. One of the basic sources for this compilation was the first redaction of the Siyar al-muluk (Siyasat-nama), which was fabricated by Amir Mu‘izzi about 185 years before and ascribed by him to Nizam al-mulk also with the aim of obtaining a high position at the Saljuqid сourt.
Sallekhanā: Jaina version of “euthanasia”
Authors: Zheleznova Natalia A.
Published: March 2021

The article deals with the specific features of the interpretation of the sallekhanā ritual in the context of the philosophical, ethical and religious doctrine of Jainism based on the analysis of disciplinary texts for monks and laity. The author stresses the ethical ambiguity of this practice from the point of view of modern legal norms and emphasizes that the idea of a worthy “good death” through gradually increasing fasting in Jainism is based on the key idea of non-violence (ahiṃsā) for this tradition, including the prohibition of self-harm. For an adequate understanding of sallekhanā in the context of Jain ethics is necessary to take into consideration who (which person – the factor of the subject), how (in which way – the factor of method), when (at what time – the factor of time), why (on which reason – the factor of purpose) and where (in what place – the factor of place) makes it. It is only with proper preparations and in keeping all the requirements it could be reckoned as the ethically right way to finish a properly (i.e. according to all the precepts of Jain doctrine) lived life both for monks and laypeople. In this case, sallekhanā could be considered as a Jain solution to the moral dilemma of the entire Western European philosophy about whether an individual has the right to leave life independently.
Gendering the Sabarimala Conundrum: Female Body, Sexuality and Desire in the Sanskritic Brahmanic Tradition
Authors: Shah Shalini
Published: March 2021

Historians have for long ignored the human body as a theme of inquiry. While there cannot be a history of the biological body, there is tremendous scope for enquiring into the religious, social and cultural attitudes towards this body. Recently, the female body impinged on our collective consciousness in the context of the Sabarimala temple entry controversy. The debate which this issue generated gives me an entry point to examine the gendered nature of social institutions, their normative injunctions, and their cultural symbolism within the wider Sanskritic / Brahmanic traditions, since it was precisely the bias of this tradition that labelled the presence of females of a particular age group as not only polluting but also presenting a threat to the seclusion of a brahmachari deity who presided over this temple complex. By analyzing a wide corpus of Sanskrit textual tradition, I seek to argue that female and male bodily secretions are represented asymmetrically and sought to degrade woman by representing her as a site of revulsion.
Tools to Support Classroom Settings: Perceptions of EFL Students on ICT Usage during Pre-Service Teaching Program
Authors: Munawaroh Siti , Syahdan Syahdan
Published: March 2021

ICT is used in the classroom context to help pre-service teacher or practicum teachers to know more learning materials beyond the textbooks. This study aims at investigating perceptions using ICT in the learning process during their pre-service teaching program. This survey research was taking EFL students at the English Education Department, Universitas Lancang Kuning, who conducted practice teaching or pre-service teaching at other schools in the province. Sixty-four students participated in this study. A set of questionnaires, with a Likert scale of 20 items and closed-ended five questions, was used to collect the data to ask their perception in ICT use during practice teaching at schools, the academic year 2019-2020. Some questionnaire items were adopted and developed from (Zare-ee 2011). The findings reveal that most pre-service teachers (90%) used ICT in the classroom. The analysis using statistical analysis (SPSS ver. 20), it was found that the mean score at 4.08 with a standard deviation value at 0.144 categorized High level. The score of standard deviation means that all of the respondents' answers are the same agree or homogenous. It means that pre-service teachers agree on the importance of using ICT in the classroom's learning process and acting as supportive tool to grasp meaningful English learning resources, especially in classroom settings.
Vitamin D and COVID-19: Partial Evidence
Authors: Boaz Mona
Published: March 2021

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Can Porphyromonas gingivalis Contribute to Alzheimer’s Disease Already at the Stage of Gingivitis?
Authors: Olsen Ingar
Published: March 2021

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) has been associated with periodontitis, which starts as gingivitis. Similar to periodontitis, gingivitis bacteria, bacterial products, and inflammatory mediators can travel to the brain via the blood stream and promote brain inflammation. Periodontal pathogens such as Porphyromonas gingivalis and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, both associated with AD, have been found in dental plaque of children already at the age of 3. It is suggested that these bacteria during long-term exposure may drive microglia (brain resident macrophage cells) into a pro-inflammatory M1 phase where they contribute to AD rather than protect against it. This notion comes from studies in mice showing that microglia actually can “remember” previous inflammatory challenge and become “trained” or “tolerant” to toxins like lipopolysaccharide. If gingivitis has an impact on AD, which should be verified, AD prophylaxis should start already at this pre-periodontitis stage with removal of supragingival plaque.
Bloch dynamics with second order Berry phase correction
Authors: Lu Jianfeng , Zhang Zihang , Zhou Zhennan
Published: March 2021

We derive the semiclassical Bloch dynamics with second-order Berry phase correction in the presence of the slow-varying scalar potential as perturbation. Our mathematical derivation is based on a two-scale WKB asymptotic analysis. For a uniform external electric field, the bi-characteristics system after a positional shift introduced by Berry connections agrees with the recent result in previous works. Moreover, for the case with a linear external electric field, we show that the extra terms arising in the bi-characteristics system after the positional shift are also gauge independent.
EEG Resting-State and Event-Related Potentials as Markers of Learning Success in Older Adults Following Second Language Training: A Pilot Study
Authors: Kliesch Maria , Giroud Nathalie , Meyer Martin
Published: March 2021

Objectives: In this pilot study, we evaluated the use of electrophysiological measures at rest as paradigm-independent predictors of second language (L2) development for the first time in older adult learners. We then assessed EEG correlates of the learning outcome in a language-switching paradigm after the training, which to date has only been done in younger adults and at intermediate to advanced L2 proficiency. Methods: Ten (Swiss) German-speaking adults between 65–74 years of age participated in an intensive 3-week English training for beginners. A resting-state EEG was recorded before the training to predict the ensuing L2 development (Experiment 1). A language-switching ERP experiment was conducted after the training to assess the learning outcome (Experiment 2). Results: All participants improved their L2 skills but differed noticeably in their individual development. Experiment 1 showed that beta1 oscillations at rest (13–14.5 Hz) predicted these individual differences. We interpret resting-state beta1 oscillations as correlates of attentional capacities and semantic working memory that facilitate the extraction and processing of novel forms and meanings from the L2 input. In Experiment 2, we found that language switching from the L2 into the native language (L1) elicited an N400 component, which was reduced in the more advanced learners. Thus, for learners beginning the acquisition of an L2 in third age, language switching appears to become less effortful with increasing proficiency, suggesting that the lexicons of the L1 and L2 become more closely linked. Conclusions: In sum, our findings extend the available evidence of neurological processes in L2 learning from younger to older adults, suggesting that electrophysiological mechanisms are similar across the lifespan.
Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor Trafficking and its Role in Drug-Induced Neurobehavioral Plasticity
Authors: Hámor Peter U. , Schwendt Marek
Published: March 2021

Glutamate is the major excitatory neurotransmitter in the mammalian central nervous system that guides developmental and experience-dependent changes in many cellular substrates and brain circuits, through the process collectively referred to as neurobehavioral plasticity. Regulation of cell surface expression and membrane trafficking of glutamate receptors represents an important mechanism that assures optimal excitatory transmission, and at the same time, also allows for fine-tuning neuronal responses to glutamate. On the other hand, there is growing evidence implicating dysregulated glutamate receptor trafficking in the pathophysiology of several neuropsychiatric disorders. This review provides up-to-date information on the molecular determinants regulating trafficking and surface expression of metabotropic glutamate (mGlu) receptors in the rodent and human brain and discusses the role of mGluR trafficking in maladaptive synaptic plasticity produced by addictive drugs. As substantial evidence links glutamatergic dysfunction to the progression and the severity of drug addiction, advances in our understanding of mGluR trafficking may provide opportunities for the development of novel pharmacotherapies of addiction and other neuropsychiatric disorders.
Integration of practical supplemental measurements into bridge condition visual inspection grading
Authors: Shaban Nefize , Avsar Ozgur , Caner Alp
Published: March 2021

The reliability of condition assessment of bridges obtained from analysis of visual inspection data is always a big concern among structural engineers. It has been known that the condition grading of a bridge is very subjective and can convey limited information to the end user. To finalize and verify the reported condition grading, inspectors and bridge owners have mainly been relying on images. It has been known that the image observation may not be sufficient to address all kinds of problems associated with visual condition grading. The integration of practical supplemental measurements into condition grading as proposed in this paper will contribute to minimize the errors in visual inspection. Measurement of vehicle induced vibrations through wireless accelerometers can be used to determine the natural frequencies of the bridge that can be reported at each inspection. The change in frequencies can be an indication of deterioration in stiffness of bridge over the years. Taking concrete samples by chipping at the inspection site and analyzing them under scanning electron microscope (SEM) at the laboratory can be used to identify the current problems with concrete degradation. In this scope, the regular bridge inspection procedure with the proposed enhancements has been performed on field inspection of highway bridges in Turkey to determine the practicality of the quick supplemental measurements and to analyze the difference in grading of the three different inspectors with different level of experiences.
Boomerang hiring: Strategy for sustainable development in COVID-19 era
Authors: Raveendra P.V. , Satish Y.M.
Published: March 2021

BACKGROUND: Many companies are forced to restructure themselves by right sizing due to unexpected fall in demand for their products and services created by the COVID-19 pandemic. COVID 19 not only affected the health of human beings but also their wealth across the world. Global economic parameters are showing a sign of positive growth with decreased number of COVID 19 cases across the world. Many companies are in a dilemma to rehire their former employees or to hire the new candidates to meet the increased demand. OBJECTIVES: The objectives of study are i) to analyze the key drivers for boomerang hiring and ii) to develop a conceptual process for boomerang hiring. METHODS: An exploratory methodology was designed to identify the key drivers of boomerang hiring by studying the various successful stories of those companies which had rehired their former employees. Various papers were reviewed to develop the process for boomerang hiring. RESULTS: Study showed that knowledge about the culture of the company, cost of hiring, morale booster for the existing employees, and customer retention, are the key drivers for boomerang hiring. This hiring process requires special skills from HR Managers, as this decision will impact long term success of the company. CONCLUSION: The process of boomerang hiring cannot be standardized as each organization culture is different and companies cannot have the same strategy for each candidate as every individual is different. Boomerang hiring will work as the right strategy during pandemic situation as former employees would have built relations with the customers. The customers will be happy to see the former employees who had served them better.
The roots of evolutionary economics: Crisis, transformation and metamorphosis
Authors: Zeleny Milan
Published: March 2021

Most world economies are undergoing fundamental transformations of economic sectors, shifting their employed workforce through the secular sequence of (1. Agriculture⟶2. Industry⟶3. Services⟶4. Government). The productivity growth rate is the driving force. Most advanced economies have reached the final stages of the sequence. Assorted recessions, crises and stagnations are simply cofluent, accompanying phenomena. Crises might be cyclical, but economic evolution is unidirectional. Traditional economics can hardly distinguish phenomena of crisis from those of the transformation. Because there is no “fifth sector”, some economies are entering the phase of metamorphosis, for the first time in history. Metamorphosis is manifested through deglobalization, relocalization and autonomization of local and regional economies. We are entering the Age of Entrepreneurship.
CAD diagnosis by predicting stenosis in arteries using data mining process
Authors: Singh Akansha , Payal Ashish
Published: March 2021

Coronary artery disease (CAD) is the most common cardiovascular disease, causing death all over the world. An invasive method, Angiography is used to diagnose this disease but it is very costly and has some side effects. Hence, non-invasive methods such as machine learning were being used for diagnosing CAD. One of the ways to detect the presence of CAD is to find out the stenotic artery. The proposed study has diagnosed whether the arteries are stenotic or not. This study aims to provide the best accuracy while balancing the dataset using a spreadsubsample filter. Data pre-processing and feature selection has been done on the dataset to improve accuracy. Different supervised classifiers were applied to the selected features. The highest accuracies for left anterior descending (LAD), left circumflex (LCX), and right coronary artery (RCA) obtained by Random Forest are 95.70%, 91.41%, and 94.38% respectively. Among all the arteries, LAD has the highest accuracy indicating that chances of a person having LAD as stenotic are very high.
Uncertainty query sampling strategies for active learning of named entity recognition task
Authors: Agrawal Ankit , Tripathi Sarsij , Vardhan Manu
Published: March 2021

Active learning approach is well known method for labeling huge un-annotated dataset requiring minimal effort and is conducted in a cost efficient way. This approach selects and adds most informative instances to the training set iteratively such that the performance of learner improves with each iteration. Named entity recognition (NER) is a key task for information extraction in which entities present in sequences are labeled with correct class. The traditional query sampling strategies for the active learning only considers the final probability value of the model to select the most informative instances. In this paper, we have proposed a new active learning algorithm based on the hybrid query sampling strategy which also considers the sentence similarity along with the final probability value of the model and compared them with four other well known pool based uncertainty query sampling strategies based active learning approaches for named entity recognition (NER) i.e. least confident sampling, margin of confidence sampling, ratio of confidence sampling and entropy query sampling strategies. The experiments have been performed over three different biomedical NER datasets of different domains and a Spanish language NER dataset. We found that all the above approaches are able to reach to the performance of supervised learning based approach with much less annotated data requirement for training in comparison to that of supervised approach. The proposed active learning algorithm performs well and further reduces the annotation cost in comparison to the other sampling strategies based active algorithm in most of the cases.
BioSignal modelling for prediction of cardiac diseases using intra group selection method
Authors: Kasturiwale Hemant P. , Kale Sujata N.
Published: March 2021

The Autonomous Nervous System (ANS) controls the nervous system and Heart Rate Variability (HRV) can be used as a diagnostic tool to diagnose heart defects. HRV can be classified into linear and nonlinear HRV indices which are used mostly to measure the efficiency of the model. For prediction of cardiac diseases, the selection and extraction features of machine learning model are effective. The available model used till date is based on HRV indices to predict the cardiac diseases accurately. The model could hardly throw light on specifics of indices, selection process and stability of the model. The proposed model is developed considering all facet electrocardiogram amplitude (ECG), frequency components, sampling frequency, extraction methods and acquisition techniques. The machine learning based model and its performance shall be tested using the standard BioSignal method, both on the data available and on the data obtained by the author. This is unique model developed by considering the vast number of mixtures sets and more than four complex cardiac classes. The statistical analysis is performed on a variety of databases such as MIT/BIH Normal Sinus Rhythm (NSR), MIT/BIH Arrhythmia (AR) and MIT/BIH Atrial Fibrillation (AF) and Peripheral Pule Analyser using feature compatibility techniques. The classifiers are trained for prediction with approximately 40000 sets of parameters. The proposed model reaches an average accuracy of 97.87 percent and is sensitive and précised. The best features are chosen from the different HRV features that will be used for classification. The present model was checked under all possible subject scenarios, such as the raw database and the non-ECG signal. In this sense, robustness is defined not only by the specificity parameter, but also by other measuring output parameters. Support Vector Machine (SVM), K-nearest Neighbour (KNN), Ensemble Adaboost (EAB) with Random Forest (RF) are tested in a 5% higher precision band and a lower band configuration. The Random Forest has produced better results, and its robustness has been established.