bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Life Cycle Modeling of Structural Defects via Computational Geometry and Time Series Forecasting
Authors: Mohamadi Sara , Lattanzi David
Published: July 2019

The evaluation of geometric defects is necessary in order to maintain the integrity of structures over time. These assessments are designed to detect damages of structures and ideally help inspectors to estimate the remaining life of structures. Current methodologies for monitoring structural systems, while providing useful information about the current state of a structure, are limited in the monitoring of defects over time and in linking them to predictive simulation. This paper presents a new approach to the predictive modeling of geometric defects. A combination of segmented from point clouds are parametrized using the convex hull algorithm to extract features from detected defects, and a stochastic dynamic model is then adapted to these features to model the evolution of the hull over time. Describing a defect in terms of its parameterized hull enables consistent temporal tracking for predictive purposes, while implicitly reducing data dimensionality and complexity as well. In this study, 2D point clouds analogous to information derived from point clouds were first generated over simulated life-cycles. The evolutions of point cloud hull parameterizations were modeled as stochastic dynamical processes via autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) and vectorized autoregression (VAR) and compared against ground truth. The results indicate that this convex hull approach provides consistent and accurate representations of defect evolution across a range of defect topologies and is reasonably robust to noisy measurements, however assumptions regarding the underlying dynamical process play a significant the role in predictive accuracy. The results were then validated on experimental data from fatigue testing with high accuracy. Longer term, the results of this work will support finite element model updating for predictive analysis of structural capacity.
Identification of Hub Genes and Key Pathways Associated with Atopic Dermatitis via Integrated Bioinformatics
Authors: Sun Yue , Yang Angela Weihong , Lenon George Binh
Published: July 2019

The exploration and identification of targets and pathways for Atopic dermatitis (AD) treatment and diagnosis are critical for AD control. The conventional target exploration approach such as the literature review is not satisfying in terms of efficiency and accuracy. Recently, the bioinformatic approach is drawing attention for its unique advantage of high-volume data analysis for target and pathway exploration; Open Targets Platform is the targets source for this study to extract top 200 high-rank proteins from 3122 AD associated proteins. STRING, Cytoscape, CytoHubba, ClueGo, and CluePedia function had been applied for data analysis. The KEGG Mapper search & colour pathway was the pathway map resource for identified pathways; 23 key hub genes (VDR, KIT, BCL2L11, NFKBIA, KRAS, IL13, JAK2, STAT3, IL21, IL4R, REL, PDGFRB, FOXP3, RARA, RELB, EGFR, IL21R, MYC, CREBBP, NR3C1, IL2, JAK1, and KITLG). Additionally, 8 correlated pathways and the biological process had been identified; Through this study, a viable approach for target and pathway exploration had been presented. The identified AD targets and pathways will be tested for upcoming research for traditional Chinese medicinal herb interactions
Certificações socioambientais em sistemas agroalimentares: convergências e divergências de atributos
Authors: Scalco Andrea Rossi
Published: July 2019

Os produtos alimentares com selos socioambientais diferenciam-se dos convencionais por seguirem normas determinadas por entidades reguladoras que emitem certificados que garantem que as práticas produtivas, seja na agricultura, seja em seu beneficiamento, protegem o meio ambiente, preservam a saúde do consumidor e do trabalhador e respeitam os direitos humanos. Os agricultores/processadores que buscarem a certificação e estiverem de acordo com as normas poderão usar o selo socioambiental em seus produtos. Em razão da profusão de selos socioambientais, muitas vezes esses podem confundir o consumidor no que tange aos seus requisitos. Neste sentido, este artigo se pautou na investigação, por meio de uma análise de conteúdo, dos requisitos das três principais certificações socioambientais presentes no Brasil: sistema orgânico, ISO 14001 e Fair Trade. Foi realizada uma análise do conteúdo abordado nos requisitos dessas certificações socioambientais por meio de suas normas a fim de identificar os atributos, possibilitando averiguar quais aspectos são convergentes e quais são divergentes entre as três certificações. Os requisitos das normas foram categorizados em: Cumprimento da legislação ambiental; Práticas sustentáveis; Preservação da biodiversidade; Desenvolvimento sustentável; Cumprimento da legislação trabalhista; Comércio justo; Responsabilidade social; Rastreabilidade; Organismos não geneticamente modificados; Política ambiental; Produção e comércio regional; Não uso de materiais sintéticos; e Isento de contaminantes. Observou-se a divergência dos atributos presentes nas certificações estudadas, explicitando as diversidades de cada uma delas, mesmo nos atributos convergentes, atendendo as suas particularidades.
Islam Supports Democracy:The Views of Partai Islam Se-Malaysia (PAS) and Their Implementation in the Recruitment of the Party’s Members and Leaders
Authors: Nurdin Ahmad Ali
Published: July 2019

This paper discusses the views of Partai Islam Se-Malaysia (PAS) on democracy and its implementation in real politics in Malaysian context. I analyze PAS views on the relationship between Islam and democracy, their style in recruiting members and leaders of the party to demonstrate that this Islamic political party follows democratic rules. PAS believes that democracy and Islamic values are compatible and it is a good political tool for an Islamic party like PAS to reach its political goals.  By examining the process of recruitment of members and leaders of PAS as the cases, the paper shows that commitment of PAS in toning up democracy in Malaysia could be viewed in their style of recruiting their leaders. The PAS has exercised democratic rules in their internal party activities, particularly in the way they recruit their members and how they chose their leaders.
The Hadith Digitization in Millennial Era: A Study at Center for Hadith Studies, Indonesia
Authors: Istianah Istianah , Wahyuningsih Sri
Published: July 2019

The millennial era has been initially marked by the development of information technology. This article mainly explores the opportunities and challenges of digitizing hadith in the millennial era. This study belongs to a descriptive qualitative method. In-depth interviews with the Programmers of the Center for the study of Hadith in Jakarta, observation and documentation were conducted to gather data. The result reveals that digitizing the books of hadith provides an opportunity for everyone to access the books of hadith by downloading the hadith digitization application freely. Therefore, people can access the hadith books in both PDF and digital formats. On the contrary, it may lead to academic anxiety or challenges. This is because the hadith books in both PDF and digital formats can be deliberately changed by irresponsible people so that the authenticity of the information and the accuracy of the data will be questionable. Further, this tendency could be misused by certain people, by changing its contents and then disseminating it for the certain purposes.  Regarding this, one of the ways to overcome this is by maintaining its authenticity, updating the content, and adding the copyright to the data source reference using the source check method.
Incidence and Risk Factors of Excess Gestational Weight Gain in Indian Women
Authors: Kanneganti Aishwarya , Chowdhury Aakash , Sajid Asma , Sashi Latha
Published: July 2019

Excess Gestational Weight Gain (EGWG) increases risks of adverse obstetric outcomes, long-term obesity and metabolic disorders in mothers and children. The objective was to identify the incidence and risk factors of EGWG in the Indian context in order to develop effective preventative measures. A prospective cohort study was done to evaluate Gestational Weight Gain (GWG) in pregnant women who have completed a validated knowledge survey on GWG in 4 urban maternity tertiary centres and subsequently delivered at the same centres. Chi square test and Fisher’s exact test were used to identify risk factors associated with EGWG. 245 women completed the study. Gestational weight gain was classified as per the Institute of Medicine BMI-specific recommendations. Of the total women surveyed, 37.5% exceeded the GWG recommendation. The overweight and obese women constituted 50.2% of the entire population. In the overweight-obese category, 52% of women exceeded GWG recommendations. Risk factors for EGWG were high pre-pregnancy BMI (P<0.001), underestimation of pre-pregnancy weight category (P=0.003) and overestimation of GWG recommendations (P<0.001). In overweight-obese women, primiparity also increased risk of EGWG (P=0.04). Maternal age, education and perception of EGWG associated risks did not influence GWG. Ensuring women begin their pregnancies at a normal weight and provision of individualised GWG related counselling, either pre-conception or in the early stages of pregnancy may help foster appropriate weight gain in pregnancy. A modification in the current model of care involving detailed screening and nutritional counselling at the first visit itself could ensure effectiveness.
Intermittent Fasting: More than Just a Dieting Trend
Authors: Metanati Melika , Sarrafi zadeh Sara
Published: July 2019

Intermittent Fasting (IF) is a term used for eating patterns that cycle between a period of fasting and non-fasting over a defined period of time. It has attracted considerable scientific and popular attention; as it is claimed to have profound beneficial effects on various indices of health. The purpose of this review is to peer into available articles about effects of IF on health and various diseases. Studies of IF on human subjects have demonstrated efficacy for weight loss and various conditions such as addressing high fasting blood glucose and insulin resistance in diabetes, suppressing inflammatory response, addressing lipid profile through lowering total cholesterol and triglycerides and enhancing cardiovascular status through adjusting lipid profile. Moreover, It seems to demonstrate better compliance reported by patients. Although IF has shown promise for counteracting the disease process or alleviating it, large sample and detailed clinical trials are required to discover exact mechanisms and draw firm conclusion.
Prevalence and Associated Factors of Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome among Students in Pantnagar Area of Northern India
Authors: Raghuvanshi Rita Singh , Suri Shweta , Tangariya Priyanka , Joshi Himani , Trivedi Nalini , Goswami Kanchan , Bhati Dashrath
Published: July 2019

The cross sectional community based study was conducted to assess the prevalence of Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS) and its associated factors among college going girls (20-30 years) residing in hostels of U.S. Nagar district of Northern India. The data on 250 subjects was obtained using self-designed pre-tested questionnaires during March to June 2018. Information was collected on menstrual and clinical history, dietary history, physical activity parameters and general information of subjects. The data was presented in percentages; chi square analysis, correlation analysis and rate ratio was also used to analyze the association between dependent and independent variables. The results showed that the prevalence of PCOS was 6% as evaluated by clinical diagnostic tool used in the questionnaire. A total of 18.4% subjects reported variable or long menstrual cycles, 6% subjects reported less than 9 menses annually and 7.2% subjects reported irregular menses with weight gain. A significant association was found between PCOS and high body mass index values and sedentary physical activity level. It was found that overweight and obese subjects have seven times higher risk of developing PCOS as compared to underweight and normal individuals. Also subjects with sedentary physical activity level have eight times higher risk of developing PCOS as compared to their counterparts with moderate physical activity. No strong association was found between PCOS and fast food consumption. The study concluded that body mass index and physical activity level of subjects were associated with poly cystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) using rate ratio as a tool. The study results indicate the need to conduct large study on PCOS in India.
Determination of Iron Content in Wheat Flour of Organized and Unorganized Sector
Authors: Usha Kujur Neerja , Thakur Amol R. S. , Arvinadan A. , Kumar Akash , Saravanan Chakkaravarthi
Published: July 2019

Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is one of the staple cereal crop grown worldwide. In India it is considered as the second important staple food after rice. In this perspective, iron rich wheat flour is important for the eradication of iron deficiency. In this study, the determination of iron content was carried out in different wheat flours of organized sector and unorganized sector using Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectrometry (ICP-OES). The wheat flour were procured from the local market of Sonipat (Haryana), India. The mean of iron content in organized and unorganized sector wheat flour was 3.04±0.54 and 2.31±0.75 mg/ 100 g respectively. The results revealed that the iron content of wheat flour were not significantly different (p<0.05) in the organized and unorganised sector.
Formulation and Sensory Evaluation of Flax Seed Chutney Powder
Authors: Mummaleti Gopinath , Beera Vimala
Published: July 2019

The flax seeds are very important in regular diet for humans especially for females. They increase nutrient absorption, help in weight loss, gluten free, rich in antioxidants and omega 3 fatty acids. Owing to these health benefits, dietitians and doctors advise to take flax seeds every day. However, most people especially youngsters may not show interest to take raw flax seeds. Chutney powder made with flax seeds is a best alternative way of consumption highly palatable and nutritious to incorporate in regular diet. Chutney powder of different formulations is made with flax seed, peanuts or black gram, red chilies and spices. Sensory analysis was conducted among the trained and untrained panelists on various sensory attributes and proximate analysis was carried out to assess the nutritional value of bestaccepted chutney powder. From the sensory analysis, it could be concluded that most of the consumers liked the flax seed-groundnut chutney powder made with 20% groundnut and 15% black gram. The chutney powder has good considerable amounts of protein content from 19 to 21%. The study mainly intended to make a healthy palatable product with flax seed, which can be consumed by all groups of people and easy to consume than raw flax seed. The value added flax seed product can be incorporated in daily diet. The product is thus important for changing lifestyle and for consumers heading towards a healthy lifestyle.
Influence of Drying Methods on Primary Processing Techniques of Cocoa Beans Based on Free Fatty Acid Content
Authors: Shahanas E. , Panjikkaran Seeja Thomachan , Sharon C. L. , Aneena E. R. , Suma B. , Minimol J. S. , Saifudheen Minimol Janaki
Published: July 2019

A systematic study was conducted to standardize the fermentation periods, methods and the performance of drying methods (natural sun drying and artificial oven drying) in the development of free fatty acid content in cocoa beans. Cocoa beans were subjected to different days of fermentation, starting with one day up to seven days and various fermentation methods (basket, heap and sack method). Heap method at seventh day of fermentation attained the best results with maximum per cent of fully fermented beans and lowest free fatty acid content (<1.75%). After fermentation, the cocoa beans were sun-dried and oven dried. The pH of sun dried beans ranged from 4.71 to 5.91, while that of oven dried beans was between 4.53 and 5.89. The sun dried beans contained higher moisture content than artificially oven dried beans and the bean recovery was also more in sun dried beans. The lipase activity prone to free fatty acid formation was higher in oven dried cocoa beans than sun dried beans. However the free fatty acid content was increased in both sun dried and oven dried cocoa beans (1.26 and 1.47%) compared to fermented cocoa beans, but it remains below the permissible limit of 1.75%.
Nutritional Status of Pre-School Children from Urban Low Income Families
Authors: Lakshmi R. V. , Sylvia Subapriya M. , Krishnamurthy Kalaivani , Ramachandran Prema
Published: July 2019

India is currently the home of the largest number of under-nourished and over-nourished children in the world. Data from longitudinal studies in India indicate that both under nutrition and over-nutrition in childhood is associated with higher risk of over-nutrition and noncommunicable diseases in adult life. A community based mixed longitudinal study of underfive children from urban low income families was taken up to assess their nutritional status. Weight was taken every month in all; length was measured every month in infants and height was measured once in three months in 1-5 year children. BMI was computed in all. Nutritional status was assessed using the WHO anthro software package. Between 2012 and 2015, 3888 pre-school children were enrolled (49.4% boys and 50.6% girls); mean age of these children at enrolment was 22.5±16.17 months. The mean Z scores for height for age was - 1.79; weight for age was - 1.41 and -0.47 for BMI for age. Prevalence of stunting was 43.4%; underweight was 31.9%, wasting was 12% and over-nutrition was between 3-5%. The reduction in wasting rate between 0-3 years was mainly due to the increase in prevalence of stunting. With universal screening for early detection of wasting and over-nutrition and effective management of these, it will be possible to achieve the WHA targets of reducing and maintaining wasting below 5% and preventing increase in over-nutrition in this population. This may reduce the risk of over-nutrition and non-communicable diseases in these children during their adult life.
The Development Strategy of Intellectual Property Rights and the Quest for Materials Copyrighted in Islamic Higher Education
Authors: Hervina Hervina
Published: July 2019

Intellectual Property Rights becomes a serious discussion in some universities, especially in the Perguruan Tinggi Keagamaan Islam Negeri (PTKIN, State Islamic Higher Education system). The lack of copyrighted academic works in some PTKIN is the background why this article is published. This article aims at looking some development strategies that are exist in several universities in Indonesia. Using empirical studies, this article explores some experiences of three universities related to the strategy of developing intellectual property rights. These three universities are Universitas Islam Indonesia Yogyakarta (UII, Islamic University of Indonesia), Universitas Islam Negeri Sunan Gunung Djati Bandung (UIN Bandung, Sunan Gunung Djati State Islamic University of Bandung) and Institut Agama Islam Negeri Surakarta (Surakarta State Institute of Islamic Studies). This article finds that the development of intellectual property rights institutions in higher education includes four important things: mission, goals, strategies and policies. The conclusion of this article confirms that several universities have established institutions for strengthening intellectual property rights by having clear visions and measurable targets, so as to produce the right policies. Meanwhile, some higher education institutions have not established yet institution of Intellectual Property Right. However, several universities have been starting to strengthen the protection of intellectual property rights by raising some lecturers’ research to be copyrighted academic works.Keywords: Intellectual property rights, strategies for the development of IPR, Universities and IPR in Indonesia.
Contabilidade aplicada ao Setor Público: Um Estudo Sobre o Reconhecimento da Depreciação na Contabilidade dos Estados Brasileiros
Authors: CARVALHO ANDRADE MARIA ELISABETH MOREIRA , Suzart Janilson Antonio da Silva
Published: July 2019

O objetivo deste artigo foi comparar os efeitos do reconhecimento da depreciação nos entes subnacionais brasileiros, no período entre 2003 e 2014. Assim foram coletados dados de todos os Estados brasileiros como depreciação, imobilizado e variação patrimonial diminutiva. Entretanto, a amostra final foi de 13 Estados por falta de dados completos no período de 12 anos. A técnica escolhida foi a análise do vizinho mais próximo. Pode-se que concluir que houve avanços, mas insuficientes para uma representação patrimonial fidedigna dos entes públicos subnacionais e que posteriormente reflete no patrimônio público nacional. Percebe-se que não há uma consistência na política contábil adotada ao longo do tempo.
Cocriação de Valor em Programas Empresariais de Marketing Social: uma análise multicasos
Authors: Albino Andréia Aparecida , Alexandre Grubits de Paula Pessôa Luís
Published: July 2019

Considerando o potencial do marketing social e o advento da lógica de serviço, este estudo multicasos buscou identificar, na perspectiva dos atores envolvidos, em especial o público-alvo, como a cocriação de valor é abordada nos programas de marketing social desenvolvidos por uma empresa privada em parceria com outras organizações no Brasil. Foram estudadas três iniciativas que abrangiam causas de interesse da sociedade: segregação de resíduos sólidos, cuidados com a saúde cardiovascular e hábitos de higiene, especialmente pela lavagem das mãos. A coleta de dados envolveu quarenta entrevistas pessoais, observação e consulta a arquivos e documentos e a análise foi qualitativa. Identificou-se que as iniciativas estudadas contemplam diversos elementos da cocriação de valor, sendo a abordagem mais evidente a downstream, mais voltada à mudança do comportamento individual. Além de indicar aspectos para aperfeiçoar as ações, o estudo colabora para a operacionalização do conceito de cocriação de valor no marketing social.
Mandatos Eleitorais e Ciclos Político-Orçamentários: Evidências dos Estados Brasileiros
Authors: Queiroz Dimas Barreto de , Morais Livia Maria Freire de , Souza Arthur Guilherme Silva Ferreira de , Silva Vanessa Karla Rebouças da
Published: July 2019

A literatura sobre ciclos político-orçamentários aponta que os gestores aptos a concorrer à reeleição possuem maiores incentivos para manipular gastos públicos em períodos eleitorais. Nesse sentido, o objetivo da pesquisa consistiu em averiguar a influência do mandato eleitoral sobre os gastos públicos dos governos estaduais brasileiros. A amostra foi composta pelos 26 estados brasileiros no período de 2003 a 2014, compreendendo três ciclos eleitorais. Utilizou-se como metodologia a técnica de regressão com dados em painel. A pesquisa concluiu que o comportamento oportunista é restrito aos governadores que estão em primeiro mandato e a manipulação é restrita aos investimentos. Percebeu-se uma alteração na composição dos gastos públicos em direção aos investimentos nos períodos eleitorais nos estados cujos governadores estão em primeiro mandato. Essa pesquisa contribuiu com a literatura nacional ao identificar o mandato eleitoral como um fator capaz de influenciar os gastos públicos estaduais nos períodos eleitorais.
Gastos públicos e a qualidade da educação em Minas Gerais: uma análise de 2006 a 2010
Authors: Santana Bernardo Joyce , Almeida Fernanda Maria de
Published: July 2019

O objetivo deste artigo é analisar se os recursos públicos aplicados nas atividades de educação influenciam o nível de qualidade do ensino nos municípios que compõem o Estado de Minas Gerais. Para tanto, utilizou-se um modelo de dados em painel dinâmico, em um período de cinco anos, relacionando o Índice Geral de Qualidade da Educação (IQE) com o recurso aplicado na educação e características dos municípios e das escolas. De maneira geral, verificou-se que os recursos per capita investidos na educação, o acesso à internet para os alunos, o PIB per capita municipal e a taxa de frequência dos alunos às escolas são fatores que contribuem positivamente com o IQE. Ademais, observa-se que, em média, os municípios mineiros possuem perfil dinâmico positivo quanto à qualidade da educação. Isso significa que a qualidade da educação no período atual contribui favoravelmente para a o aumento da mesma qualidade em períodos futuros.
O Programa “De Braços Abertos” – Um Olhar à Luz dos seus Arranjos Institucionais
Authors: Sotero Erick de Moura , Oliveira Ebenezer Marcelo Marques de , Lotta Gabriela Spanghero
Published: July 2019

O Programa “De Braços Abertos” foi lançado em janeiro de 2014 pela gestão do Prefeito Fernando Haddad (2013-2016), buscando inovar ao destacar a perspectiva de redução de danos para a população com vulnerabilidade social da região da Luz (centro de São Paulo), atuando com interdisciplinaridade e integração entre diversas secretarias municipais, na construção de um pacote de direitos (moradia, alimentação, trabalho e renda) que proporcionasse a seus beneficiários um projeto de autonomia. Diante da relevância, bem como da inovação dessa política no que tange a sua articulação entre diversas secretarias, o presente artigo faz uma análise do Programa “De Braços Abertos” à luz dos seus arranjos institucionais, construídos para sua elaboração e execução. A análise é feita destacando quatro elementos constituintes dos arranjos institucionais: intersetorialidade, relações federativas, participação de atores não estatais e aspectos territoriais.Palavras-chave: arranjos institucionais; intersetorialidade; interdisciplinaridade
Cell-Centered Nonlinear Finite-Volume Methods With Improved Robustness
Authors: Zhang Wenjuan , Al Kobaisi Mohammed
Published: July 2019

We present a nonlinear finite-volume method (NFVM) that is either positivity-preserving or extremum-preserving with improved robustness. The key ingredient of the method is the construction of one-sided fluxes, which involves decomposition of conormal vectors by introducing harmonic-averaging points as auxiliary points. The original NFVM using harmonic-averaging points is not robust in the sense that decomposition of conormal vectors with nonnegative coefficients can easily run into difficulties for heterogeneous and anisotropic permeability tensors on general nonorthogonal meshes. To improve NFVM robustness, we first present an alternative derivation of harmonic-averaging points and give a different formula that shows more clearly a point's location. On the basis of the derivation of the new formula, a correction algorithm is proposed to make modifications to those problematic harmonic-averaging points so that all the conormal vectors can be decomposed with nonnegative coefficients successfully. As a result, the resulting NFVM can be applied to more-challenging problems when conormal decomposition with nonnegative coefficients is not possible without correction. The correction algorithm is a compromise between robustness and accuracy. While it improves the robustness of the resulting NFVM, results of numerical convergence tests show that the effect of our correction algorithm on accuracy is problem-dependent. Optimal order of convergence is still maintained for some problems, and the convergence rate is reduced for others. Monotonicity and extremum-preserving properties are verified by numerical experiments. Finally, a field test case is used to demonstrate that the NFVM combined with our correction algorithm can be applied to simulate real-life reservoirs of industry-standard complexity.
Implementation Strategy and Cost of Mozambique’s HPV vaccine demonstration project
Authors: Soi Caroline , Babigumira Joseph B. , Chilundo Baltazar , Muchanga Vasco , Matsinhe Luisa , Gimbel Sarah , Augusto Orvalho , Sherr Kenneth
Published: July 2019

Background

Cost is as an important determinant of health program implementation. In this study, we conducted a comprehensive evaluation of the implementation strategy of Mozambique’s school-based HPV vaccine demonstration project. We sought to estimate the total cost of the program and the cost per fully immunized girl (FIG), and to project the total cost of implementing a similar immunization program at the national level.

Methods

We collected primary data through document review, participatory observation, and key informant interviews with project implementers at the central offices of the national immunization program, provincial and district health directorates, and in health facilities. We used a combination of micro-costing methods— the identification and measurement of resources quantities and valuation by application of unit costs, and gross costing—the consideration of resource bundles as they apply to the number of FIGs. We extrapolated the cost per FIG to the HPV-vaccine-eligible population of Mozambique under current guidelines to demonstrate the projected total annual cost for a similarly executed HPV vaccine program.

Results

The total cost of the Mozambique HPV vaccine demonstration project was $523,601. The mean cost per FIG was $72 (95% CI: $62 - $83) in year one, $38 (95% CI: $37 - $40) in year two, and $54 (95% CI: $49 - $61) for years one and two. The mean cost per FIG with the third HPV vaccine dose excluded from implementation was $60 (95% CI: $50 - $72) in year one, $38 (95%CI: $31 - $46) in year two, and $48 (95%CI: $42 - $55) for years one and two. The projected annual cost of a two-dose vaccine program targeting all 10-year-old girls in the country was $18,156,549 ($15,865,384 - $20,748,196). The main cost drivers in the analysis were vaccine price, number of doses administered per recipient, program startup costs, and the costs of demand creation.

Conclusion

National adaptation and scale-up of Mozambique’s school-based HPV vaccine strategy would result in substantial costs. To achieve national-level HPV vaccine roll out and sustainability, stakeholders will need to negotiate vaccine prices and achieve better efficiency in startup activities and demand creation.
The pathogen Moniliophthora perniciosa promotes differential proteomic modulation of cacao genotypes with contrasting resistance to witches´ broom disease.
Authors: Santos Everton Cruz , Pirovani Carlos Priminho , Correa Stephany , Micheli Fabienne , Gramacho Karina P
Published: July 2019

Background: Witches’ broom disease (WBD) of cacao (Theobroma cacao L.), caused by Moniliophthora perniciosa, is one of the main problems limiting cacao production, thus, the development of cacao genotypes with durable resistance is the main challenge for disease control. Proteomic methods are often used to study the interactions between hosts and pathogens, therefore helping classical plant breeding in the development of resistant genotypes. Here, we compared the proteomic alterations of two cacao genotypes standard for WBD resistance and susceptibility in response to M. perniciosa infection at 72 hours and 45 days of post-inoculation.

Results:
A total of 554 proteins were identified, 246 in the susceptible and 308 in the resistant genotype. The identified proteins were involved mainly in metabolism, energy, defense and oxidative stress. The resistant genotype showed more expressed proteins as well as more variability of proteins associated to stress and defense, while the susceptible genotype showed more repressed proteins. Among these proteins, stand out pathogenesis related proteins (PRs), protein related with oxidative stress regulation, as well as, trypsin inhibitors, that were differentially expressed between genotypes. Interaction networks were predicted analyzing up and down regulated proteins separately. A complex protein-protein interaction was observed, and some proteins showed a high number of interactions. Those proteins may function as cross-talkers between these biological functions.

Conclusions:
We present the first study reporting the proteomic alterations of resistant and susceptible genotypes in the T. cacao x M. perniciosa pathosystem. Important altered proteins identified are related to key biologic functions in resistance, such as oxidative stress, especially in the resistant genotype, which showed a strong mechanism of detoxification. Also, the positive regulation of defense and stress proteins was more evident in this genotype. Proteins with significant roles against fungus, such as chitinases, trypsin inhibitors and PR 5 were identified and may be good resistance markers. Finally, important biological functions, such as stress and defense, photosynthesis, oxidative stress and carbohydrate metabolism were differentially impacted with M. perniciosa infection in each genotype.
Comparative transcriptome and metabolome analyses provide new insights into the molecular mechanism underlying taproot thickening in Panax notoginseng
Authors: Li Xue-Jiao , Yang Jian-Li , Lu Ying-Chun , Qian Zhi-Long , Li Ying , Ye Shuang , Tang Jun-Rong , Chen Mo , Long Guang-Qiang , Zhao Yan , Zhang Guang-Hui , Chen Jun-Wen , Fan Wei , Hao Bing , Yang Sheng-Chao
Published: July 2019

Background

Taproot thickening is a complex biological process and depends on the coordinated expression of the genes controlled by both environmental and developmental factors. Panax notoginseng is an important Chinese medicinal herb characterized by enlarged taproot as the main organ of saponin accumulation. However, little is known about the molecular mechanism of taproot enlargement.

Results

A total of 29957 DETs were identified during thickening process of P. notoginseng taproot. GO and KEGG pathway enrichment revealed that DETs associated wthith “plant hormone signal transduction”, “starch and sucrose metabolism”, and “phenylpropanoid biosynthesis” were predominantly enriched. Furher functional analysis by integrating DETs expression profiling, endogenous hormone and primary metabolite identified some critical genes (e.g., RNase-like major storage protein, DA1-related protein, Starch branching enzyme I) and primary metabolites (e.g., Sucrose, Glucose, Fructose Malate and Arginine) potentially controlling taproot thickening, and highlighted that hormones crosstalk, transcriptional regulation, homeostasis regulation of sugar and starch, and cell wall metabolism play an important role during thickening process of P. notoginseng taproot.

Conclusion

These results provide molecular regulatory network of taproot thickening in P. notoginseng and facilitate the characterization of genes responsible for taproot formation in root medicinal plants or crops.
Does Prosocial Motivation and Psychological Capital Improve Organizational Citizenship Behavior? An Emperical Study Through the Moderating Role of Workplace Incivility
Authors: Nawaz Muhammad , Abid Ghulam
Published: July 2019

Background
This study aims to sightsee the importance of organizational citizenship behavior in public and private hospitals of Pakistan. It is found imperative to discover the impact of prosocial motivation and psychological capital on organizational citizenship behavior. We also tried to investigate the role of workplace incivility as a moderator.
Method
We sampled the employees of public and private hospitals of Pakistan. All data were collected on-site during paid working hours without any kind of inference from the authors. Nurses and their immediate managers (i.e., doctors) were surveyed at two time points in order to minimize common method bias. At Time 1, 146 nurses completed survey on predictors (prosocial motivation, psychological capital) and moderator (workplace incivility). At Time 2, two weeks after Time 1, 35 doctors provide their perception about organizational citizenship behavior of nurses.
Results
Results showed that prosocial motivation has a trifling impact on organizational citizenship behavior when a high level of workplace incivility was observed. Conversely, psychological capital created a significant positive impact on organizational citizenship behavior, even when there was a lower level of workplace incivility exist. The results revealed that hospitals should strive for the minimal level of workplace incivility in order to improve the organizational citizenship behavior.
Conclusions
The hospitals should not tolerate the uncivil behaviors in order to ensure the high level of organizational citizenship behavior even at lower prosocial motivation levels. However, if nurses are prosocially motivated then the level of their organizational citizenship behaviors will be at its optimal level in the absence of workplace incivility which results in the ultimate benefit to patients. Furthermore, organizational citizenship behavior of nurses will be at optimal level in hospitals when they are equipped with hope, self-efficacy, optimism and resilience with the only condition that there must be low workplace incivility prevailed.
The Efficacy of Virtual Reality-Based Cognitive Training in Older Adults Non-Demented and with Mild Dementia: an One Group Pretest-Posttest Design
Authors: Zając-Lamparska Ludmiła , Wiłkość-Dębczyńska Monika , Wojciechowski Adam , Podhorecka Marta , Polak-Szabela Anna , Warchoł Łukasz , Kędziora-Kornatowska Kornelia , Araszkiewicz Aleksander , Izdebski Paweł
Published: July 2019

Background
Current methods of cognitive interventions for older adults are increasingly employing modern technologies. However, research into possible applications of virtual reality (VR) in such interventions has begun only recently. The aim of the study was to evaluate the efficacy of VR-based cognitive training for older adults and to compare this efficacy in older adults without cognitive impairment and with mild dementia.
Methods
The complete data were obtained from 99 individuals aged 60-89, qualified according to Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) scores into the group of non-demented older adults (n=72, mean age 68, MMSE: 28-30) or older adults with mild dementia (n=27, mean age 72, MMSE: 19-23).

An one group pretest-posttest design was applied. Cognitive training with the use of GRADYS software – a computer game with elements of VR was introduced in all participants. The game included four modules corresponding to: attention, memory, visual processing and language. The intervention lasted 4 weeks and consisted of eight sessions, two per week. The intervention program was preceded and followed by a cognitive assessment of processes corresponding to the modules of the game.
The following statistical tests were used: the repeated measures multivariate analysis of variance supplemented with one-way tests, the Hotelling T2 test, the Student’s t test, the Friedman test, the Mann-Whitney U test, the Kruskal-Wallis test.
Results
Both research groups demonstrated progress in the training, which was greater in non-demented older adults for the majority of cognitive modules except for the attention module. There were also significant differences in general cognitive functioning before and after the training. However, positive changes in cognitive performance in particular tests were revealed almost exclusively in the group of older adults without cognitive impairment. There was no relationship between the level achieved in particular training modules and the improvement in corresponding cognitive tasks.
Conclusions
Currently, we can recommend the GRADS game for use only in non-demented older adults. The hypothesis of the presumable usefulness of the game in individuals with MCI needs to be tested. In turn, the application of the GRADYS game to people with dementia would require modification of the hardware and software.
Establishing core competencies for a structured Mentoring Program in Pediatric Residency Training
Authors: Alqanatish Jubran Theeb , Omair Aamir , dubayee Mohammed Al , Kattan Rana , Baig Lubna
Published: July 2019

Background:
Mentoring has been recognized as fundamental to success in career development in young practitioners. An efficient mentoring can improve residents’ learning and enhance their personal and professional skills. In resident training, cooperation and participation from both faculty and residents are key in implementing a mentoring program. Different set of frameworks of core competencies have been described in pediatrics residency training. However, the competencies for the mentoring program within pediatrics residency training never been reported. Thus, we sought to identify and establish core competency for a mentoring program in pediatrics postgraduate residency training.
Methods:
A convenience sample of all the faculty members and residents at the Department of Pediatrics in King Abdulaziz Medical City-Riyadh was recruited for the study. A self-administered questionnaire with 43 items covering the CanMEDS core competencies was used. The seven core competencies of CanMEDS were Medical expert, Communicator, Scholar, Professional, Manager, Health Advocate, and Collaborator.
Result:
The faulty response rate was 76% (n=44 / 58) and residents was 91% (n=62 / 68). Nearly all faculty members and residents reported mentoring to be very important in Pediatrics. Two-thirds of the residents and faculty members reported mentoring to had an important influence on their career. The Medical expert, Scholar, Manager, and Collaborator were identified as essential for mentoring out of all seven core competencies.

Conclusion:
Most of the pediatric residents and faculty surveyed identified mentoring as an important element in Pediatrics. More than two third of the faculty and residents have experienced mentoring at some point in their career and 75% of the faculty members recognize their important role in mentoring the residents. We were able to identify Medical expert, Scholar, Manager, and collaborator as the key core competencies for the mentoring program in pediatrics, reported by both residents and the faculty.
Transcriptome sequencing and whole genome expression profiling of purple-fleshed sweetpotato under salt stress
Authors: Arisha Mohamed Hamed , Aboelnasr Hesham , Yaju Liu , Wei Tang , Fei Gao Run , Hui Yan , Meng Kou , Xin Wang , Yungang Zhang , Qiang Li
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Background: Purple-fleshed sweetpotato (PFSP) is one of the most important crops in the word which helps to bridge the food gap and contribute to solve the malnutrition problem especially in developing countries. Salt stress is seriously limiting its production and distribution. Due to lacking of reference genome, transcriptome sequencing is offering a rapid approach for crop improvement with promising agronomic traits and stress adaptability.
Results: Five cDNA libraries were prepared from the third true leaf of PFSP at seedlings stage (Xuzi-8 cultivar) treated with 200 mM NaCl for 0, 1, 6, 12, 48 hours. Using second and third generation technology, Illumina sequencing generated 170,344,392 clean high-quality long reads that were assembled into 15,998 unigenes with an average length 2178 base pair and 96.55% of these unigenes were functionally annotated in the NR protein database. A number of 537 unigenes failed to hit any homologs which may be considered as novel genes. The current results indicated that sweetpotato plants behavior during the first hour of salt stress was different than the other three time points. Furthermore, expression profiling analysis identified 4, 479, 281, 508 significantly expressed unigenes in salt stress treated samples at the different time points including 1, 6, 12, 48 hours, respectively as compared to control. COG analysis revealed that the highest number of genes was categorized as “post-translational modification, protein turnover, chaperones” followed by “signal transduction mechanisms”. Gene ontology (GO) enrichment analysis showed that salt stress caused changes in metabolic process (Secondary and amino acids), hormone response, cellular processes and single organism processes. These findings suggest that salt stress tolerance in PFSP plants may be mainly depended on three factors including the balance between protein biosynthesis and degradation, preventing or correcting damage caused by miss-folding due to salt stress and transforming the certain stimulus induced by salt stress into a biochemical signal which activates more genes specifically involved in salt stress tolerance.
Analysis of the gut microbiome of Japanese inflammatory bowel disease patients
Authors: Fukui Yuto , Nakajima Hitoshi , Aoki Kotaro , Toshihide Ohmori , Tateda Kazuhiro , Urita Yoshihisa
Published: July 2019

Background
Gut microbiome dysbiosis has been reported in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). However, gut microbiome of healthy Japanese individuals differs from that of other populations and gut microbiome of Japanese IBD patients has not been well characterized. We conducted a cross-sectional study to characterize the gut microbiome of Japanese patients with Crohn’s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC).
Methods
Two-hundred and eighty-four IBD patients (39 CD patients and 245 UC patients) and 31 healthy participants were enrolled. Gut microbiome was analyzed by 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing using Illumina Miseq.
Results
Significant differences were observed among the gut microbiome of CD patients, UC patients and healthy individuals. Species richness and evenness were significantly lower in patients with active IBD than in healthy individuals. At the genus level, Bifidobacterium was most abundant genera in all three groups. Pathogenic obligate anaerobes such as Prevotella and Veillonella were increased and commensal bacteria such as Ruminococcus was decreased in IBD patients compared with healthy individuals.
Conclusions
CD patients and UC patients showed unique patterns of gut microbiome dysbiosis. Patients with active IBD had severe dysbiotic changes. However, characteristic features of the gut microbiome of Japanese individuals, such as high abundance of the genus Bifidobacterium, were maintained in IBD patients.