bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Normative Principles and Non-Territorial Autonomy
Authors: Goemans Piet
Published: May 2023

This chapter asks the normative question whether non-territorial autonomy (abbreviated as NTA) should be implemented and, if so, why. In other words, it asks which normative principles, like the principle of equality or the principle of cultural preservationism, would demand NTA. As such this chapter places NTA in the debate on multiculturalism as it is conducted in the liberal tradition of normative political philosophy by authors like Yael Tamir, Will Kymlicka, Alan Patten and Brian Barry. The first section discusses what a principle of equality that demands the implementation of NTA would look like. This section points out a limit or a problem for the principle of equality as a legitimation of NTA. That problem is basically that the main alternative to NTA, territorial self-government, looks much more like, is much more equal to, a majority state than NTA. Hence using the principle of equality to argue for NTA requires one to explain why this principle nevertheless demands NTA. The second section discusses the principle of cultural preservationism in relation to NTA. This section tries to reappraise the heavily criticized principle of cultural preservationism. It does so because there is a close fit between this principle and NTA. The third section discusses group rights. Although not principles as such, liberal individualists often object to group rights on the basis of normative principles. Moreover, NTA is usually seen to imply group rights. This section points out the possible liberal defenses of group rights that an advocate of NTA might make use of.
The Politics of NTA
Authors: Salat Levente
Published: May 2023

The chapter deals with the political context of NTA arrangements, with focus on the actors involved in such arrangements, the conditions the actors have to meet, the political decisions they need to make, the legal and institutional consequences of those decisions, and, finally, the social and political costs of the arrangements and the criteria of success. Given that NTA arrangements are manifold, the issued addressed in the chapter are detailed with regard to each sub-type or form of manifestation. The approach is mainly descriptive and empirical, but since there are gaps between the ideal type and examples of practical implementation, normative considerations/recommendations are also part of the argument outlined by the chapter.
The Many Faces of Minority Non-Territorial Autonomy
Authors: Djordjević Ljubica
Published: May 2023

The purpose of the chapter is to demonstrate this multi-faceted nature of NTA by pointing out some core conceptual unclarities/variations, as well as by outlining the main types of NTA. The first section outlines the vagueness of the NTA concept, or concepts, through explaining manifestations of the territoriality and personality principles in the NTA, discussing the difficulties in defining ‘autonomy’ and to what extent NTA can be considered as a fullyfledged autonomy, and finally showing how the very term NTA has been interpreted in various ways by different authors. In the second section, the chapter provides an overview of the most common types of NTA: cultural, functional, and personal autonomy. It explains core features of each of the type and offers some real-life examples that can help to better grasp the variety of manifestations of the NTA. As a result, the discussions in the chapter shall help to understand that NTA is not a uniformed and coherent model, but has various forms and components that can be differently combined. While such vagueness of the NTA can be considered its weakness, at the same time such flexibility is also its strength, as it enables the NTA to be tailor-made to meet the given context and best address the specific needs of diversity accommodation.
Analysis of Slurry Ratio of Rotary Digging Pile in Deep Sand Layer
Authors: Zang Wanjun , Wen Jiang
Published: May 2023

Slurry ratio is a crucial link in the construction of bored pile, which directly determines the quality of bored pile. In order to determine the key performance parameters of the slurry required to form piles in the deep sand layer, relying on Huizhou north station engineering, an orthogonal test of slurry proportioning was designed and carried out, and SPSS statistical analysis software was used to carry out bivariate correlation analysis and multivariate stepwise analysis of the test results, combined with the slurry performance index test regression equation and using MATLAB software optimization processing, slurry optimal mix ratio and verify, the research results show that: orthogonal test screening value, software calculation value, test value is not different. Conclusion: The results show that bentonite and CMC have significant influence on slurry indexes, while Na2CO3 and PHP can adjust slurry performance to meet the slurry use standard; the optimal mix ratio is 148 g bentonite, Na2CO3 5.2 g, CMC 3.5 g, PHP 0.05 g; the slurry ratio test analysis and treatment, and the optimization mix ratio is feasible and reasonable, class I pile proportion more than 98% to meet the actual engineering requirements.
Investigation of Web Hole Effects on Capacities of Cold-Formed Steel Channel Members
Authors: Pham Ngoc Hieu
Published: May 2023

Cold-formed steel structures have been widely applied in structural buildings with advantages in manufacturing, transportation and assembly. Holes can be pre-punched in the sectional members to allow technical pipes to go throughout such as electricity, water or ventilation. This affects the capacities of these such members which have been considered in the design standards in America or Australia/New Zealand. The paper, therefore, investigates the effects of web holes on the capacities of cold-formed steel channel members under compression or bending. Their capacities can be determined according to the American Specification AISI S100-16. The investigated results are the base for analysing the effects of web hole dimensions on the behaviors and capacities of cold-formed steel channel members. It was found that the capacity reductions were obtained for compressive members with the increase in hole sizes, but the flexural capacities were noticeable increase with the increase in the hole heights.
A Method for Determining the Pile Location of Pile Based on the Point Safety Factor Distribution of Reinforced Slope
Authors: Hou Shengjun , Zhao Gaojin , Yang Yongfeng , Fu Fengjiao , Li Qilin
Published: May 2023

Anti-slide pile is one of the supporting structures commonly used in landslide treatment, while the determination of pile location is empirical. A highway landslide in Yunnan Province was selected as a study case, this paper proposes a method to determine the anti-slide pile location based on the point safety factor distribution of sliding surface. The study found that the local sliding surface has a large value of point safety factor in the anti-slide section. With increase of the proportion of the anti-slide section, the anti-sliding ability of the slide surface can be fully utilized, and the reinforcement effect of the anti-slide pile will be great. Using the point safety factor to determine the pile location is a quantitative method, which enriches the design theory of landslide support structure.
Experimental Study on Mechanical Properties of Seawater Sea-Sand Recycled Concrete Under Sulfate Attack
Authors: Tian Xiangsheng , Huang Yijie , Zhang Jingxue , Dong Li
Published: May 2023

The preparation of seawater sea-sand recycled concrete (SSRAC) by combining seawater, sea-sand and recycled coarse aggregate is of great significance for the utilization of marine resources and environmental protection in China. The sulfate corrosion test in this paper uses dry wet cycle to simulate the alternating dry wet environment, and compares the ordinary concrete (OC) and freshwater river sand recycled concrete (RAC) to study the mechanical property deterioration characteristics of SSRAC in dry–wet cycle (30d, 60d, 90d, 120d). The results show that with the increase of the dry–wet cycle, the apparent damage of SSRAC gradually extends from the diagonal to the periphery, and finally the cracks spread all over the whole. The mass, strength and strength corrosion resistance coefficient of SSRAC show the same law as OC and RAC, which increase first and then decrease. The resistance of SSRAC to sulfate attack is lower than OC and slightly higher than RAC, and the strength corrosion resistance coefficient is lower than 75% at 120 times of dry–wet cycle.
Research on Safety Risks and Countermeasures of Super High-Rise Steel Structure
Authors: Ji Cuihua , Yin Yong , Yin Jianyu , Zeng Hong
Published: May 2023

Judging from the development status of most super-high-rise building industries in China, “outer frame + core tube” is basically adopted. The appearance of this core tube structure design concept puts forward higher requirements for the construction safety of the main structure. Combined with practical engineering projects, we analyze the safety risks and countermeasures of the outer frame column of the super high-rise steel structure, the safety risks and countermeasures of the cantilever steel beam, the safety risks and countermeasures of the waist truss, the safety risks and countermeasures of the waist truss, the safety risks and countermeasures of the outrigger truss, the safety risks and countermeasures of the tower crown structure are discussed one by one. It ensures the organic combination of engineering safety measures and engineering construction technology. The proposed safety measures are highly targeted and feasible, ensuring the safe construction of the project. The comprehensive application of this project confirms the feasibility of relevant countermeasures, so as to provide reference and help for subsequent similar projects.
A Hand Method for Assessment of Maximum IDR and Displacement of RC Buildings
Authors: Bozdogan Kanat Burak , Ozturk Duygu
Published: May 2023

Maximum displacement and the maximum interstorey drift ratio are the important factors for the measurement of the vulnerability of multistorey buildings. For this reason, in this paper a method was proposed to calculate the maximum displacement and maximum interstorey drift ratio (IDR) values. In this model, reinforced concrete multistorey structure was modeled as an equivalent flexural-shear frame. Maximum displacement and the maximum IDR were calculated according to the Equivalent Static Loads Method and The Response Spectrum Method using the continuum model and the results were tabulated. With the help of the obtained tables by this study, the maximum displacement and the maximum IDR of the regular multistorey structures can be calculated quickly and practically. The axial deformation of the vertical elements (columns and shear walls) were approximately considered in the study. The convergence of the presented method to the Finite Elements Method was investigated by two examples in the last part of the study.
BIM Electromechanical Pipe Synthesis Experience Summary in Residential Basement
Authors: Lei Ting , Jiang Ming , Yu Jian
Published: May 2023

BIM technology has been widely used in practical engineering construction projects, especially in the application scenario of mechanical and electrical pipeline synthesis. In residential projects, the electromechanical pipeline in the basement part is the most complex and concentrated in the whole project. Therefore, this paper studies and summarizes the comprehensive application of electromechanical pipeline of BIM technology in residential basement project. This paper mainly studies the implementation process of BIM electromechanical pipeline comprehensive application of four actual residential basement construction projects, analyzes the problems found and solved in the comprehensive application of electromechanical pipeline in residential basement based on BIM, and summarizes the key points that the project construction party needs to grasp in order to complete such projects with high efficiency, high quality and high standard. In addition, according to the implementation experience of actual engineering projects, this paper also puts forward some suggestions on the implementation process of BIM-based residential basement electromechanical pipeline comprehensive project.
The Forward Simulation on Geometric Characteristics of Adverse Buried Bodies Using Ground Penetrating Radar
Authors: Li Hengyi , He Shengya , Zhang Jianjing , Ye Liang , Wen Haijia , Li Congcong , Duan Huchen , Peng Xie , Zhu Haitao
Published: May 2023

Adverse buried bodies near to ground surface would damage the buildings, and the detailed geometric characteristics of adverse buried bodies is essential for reducing damage and potential risk. To achieve this goal, forward simulation on geometric characteristics of three typical culverts in Chongqing were carried out in this paper. The response characteristics of (ground penetrating radar) GPR profiles caused by geometric characteristics and filling materials change were summarized, and the apexes of diffraction hyperbolas and lateral changes in the reflection pattern were used to determine the dimension and boundary of buried bodies. The comparison between GPR profiles interpretation result and the measured data in the field was used to verify the validity.
Experimental Research on Road Snow Melting Performance Based on Electric Heating Tube
Authors: Jiang Zhenhua , Chen Yan , Lu Xintong , Hu Jianhan
Published: May 2023

Cold regions and snowing weather are widely distributed in Global, which caused a series of problems in road safety, such as icy surfaces of roads, frozen-thaw Circle damage, and traffic jams. This research aims to improve the energy-efficient of electric heating snow-melting tubes for solving the icy and snowy pavement of urban roads. Numerical simulation and in-situ testing experiments is used in the research while the temperature field distribution and snow melting performance of the electric heating pipe heating road system are explored. It is found that the increasing of electric heating pipes cause a great impact on the snow melting effects. Moreover, this study lays the theoretical and experimental foundation for practical applications.
Theoretical and Experimental Study on Multiparameter Criteria of Ultrasonic Method for Foundation Piles
Authors: Huang Peng , Yu Zequan , Pan Huiming
Published: May 2023

As one of the important methods to survey the foundation pile integrity in most engineering industries in China, ultrasonic testing (UT) has such advantages as determining the position and scope of defects accurately and good operability. In this paper, on the basis of the in-depth study of China’s industrial standards, main parameters for evaluating pile integrity in each standard were extracted, features and deficiencies of each parameter were analyzed in detail, and a multiparameter identification method of ultrasonically testing foundation pile integrity, which takes wave velocity, amplitude and basic frequency as the analytical parameters and outputs quantitative results, was proposed as an effective supplement to the ultrasonic testing of foundation pile integrity. This method has been applied to the result analysis of more than 800 engineering piles, and has obtained high consistency by comparing those results with core drilling results. Among them, $$K_{(i)}$$, the evaluation index of pile integrity with the pile complete and the buried acoustic pipe flat, is basically closed to the range $$1 \le K_{(i)} \le 1.35$$; when $$K_{(i)} > 1.35$$, all others, except for several points, are $$K_{(i)}$$ dispersion caused by head wave interpretation errors; when $$0.85 \le K_{(i)} < 1$$, all acoustic lines within this range reflect slight or obvious abnormalities of sound velocity and amplitude and obvious distortion of waveforms, that is, this acoustic line has slight or obvious defects; when $$K_{(i)} < 0.85$$, all acoustic lines within this range reflect serious abnormalities of sound velocity and amplitude and obvious distortion of waveforms, that is, this acoustic line has serious defects. Conclusion: This method can effectively reduce the impact of changes in critical values of wave velocity and amplitude caused by the misinterpretation of the head wave position, thus providing a rapid and accurate evaluation for the ultrasonic testing of foundation pile integrity for later engineering practice reference.
Evaluation and Repair of Steel Structure Damaged by Fire
Authors: Wang Hongnan , Liu Huabo
Published: May 2023

In recent years, steel structures have been widely used in buildings because of their advantages in self-weight and seismic performance. However, due to the great influence of temperature on steel structure, once a fire occurs, it may lead to the destruction of steel structure and even the collapse of the building. In this paper, through the assessment of a steel structure factory after fire, the damage degree of the components and structural integrity of the building are determined, which provides a reliable technical support for the subsequent repair and retrofit work. Based on the extent of damage identified, repairs are performed on the affected members. The analysis results of the rehabilitated structure show that this method is safe and effective.
Reliability Analysis on Horizontal Bearing of Pile Foundation in Sloping Ground Based on Active Learning Kriging Model
Authors: Liang Hao , Liu Chang , Yan Xiuqing
Published: May 2023

The uncertainty of pile and soil and slope effect are two of the major factors affecting the horizontal bearing capacity of piles of transmission tower in sloping ground. In order to analyze the influence of the two factors on the reliability of pile, this paper proposes a reliability analysis method for horizontal bearing of pile foundation in sloping ground based on proxy model. Firstly, the analytical model of horizontal bearing of the pile foundation in sloping ground was derived, and corresponding performance functions were constructed. Secondly, by combining Kriging model method with the performance functions, the reliability analysis method of pile foundations in sloping ground is established. Finally, taking a typical transmission line project in mountainous area as an example, the horizontal bearing reliability of pile foundation was analyzed. The results show that the proposed analysis method can quickly converge to the horizontal bearing limit state of pile. Slope effect has more significant influence on horizontal deformation than that of material yield. Among the uncertainty parameters, the bearing capacity of pile foundation is sensitive to the dispersion degree of horizontal force, pile diameter and the elastic modulus of foundation pile.
Study on Adsorption Model and Influencing Factors of Heavy Metal Cu2+ Adsorbed by Magnetic Filler Biofilm
Authors: Li Zhaoxu , Zhu Xiaoping , Zhang Min , Guo Wei , Wu Qian , Wang Jianguo
Published: May 2023

The use of biofilm to repair heavy metal pollution in rivers has become a research hotspot in various countries and has attracted more and more attention. The adsorption of heavy metal ions by biofilm depends on many physical and chemical factors. In this paper, the model and its influencing factors of the adsorption of heavy metals by biofilm attached onto the magnetic fillers containing 10% strontium ferrite were studied. The study found that pH is the most important factor that interferes with the adsorption of heavy metal Cu2+ in biofilm. When the pH is 6.2, the adsorption capacity of heavy metal Cu2+ reaches maximum value. In comparison, temperature has no significant effect on the adsorption of Cu2+ by biofilm. When the temperature increases from 5 to 30℃, the adsorption rate of Cu2+ increased by 11.2% accordingly. This study has important theoretical reference value for heavy metal Cu2+ in-situ repairation in rivers or lakes using magnetic filler biofilm method.
Reliability Evaluation Methods of Accelerated Degradation Test for Fiber-Optic Gyroscope Under Temperature Environment
Authors: Li Renqing , Li Jin , Song Yan , Wang Kun
Published: May 2023

Fiber Optic Gyroscope (FOG) is a kind of rotation sensor with high reliability and long lifetime. Accelerated life test is hard to obtain enough failure data for reliability evaluation. By analyzing failure mechanism, the sensitive environment stress and performance degradation parameters of FOG are determined. Then an accelerated degradation test (ADT) is undertaken to obtain reliability information. Wiener process is introduced to describe performance degradation path and the Arrhenius model is selected as accelerated model. Considering epistemic uncertainty in monitoring, an interval linear regression model for ADT is introduced. Then the reliability of FOG at operating environment stress is evaluated. By discussing the reliability assessment results, the methods in this paper are feasible for FOG.
Rheological Properties of Composite Modified Asphalt with Direct Coal Liquefaction Residues
Authors: Li Yongxiang , Kang Xiatong , Gao Qi , Jia Yongjie
Published: May 2023

In order to solve the problem of high-value utilization of coal-to-oil residual direct coal liquefaction residual asphalt, it is compounded with SBS and aromatic oil to modify the matrix asphalt, and 9 compounding schemes are designed using orthogonal experimental methods. Dynamic frequency sweep tests using DSR and a simplified Carreau equation model fitted to the complex viscosity to obtain its zero shear viscosity; the creep recovery rate, irrecoverable creep flexibility and irrecoverable creep flexibility difference of each modified asphalt were determined by MSCR at different temperatures and stress levels, and the high temperature rheological properties of 9 composite modified asphalts were evaluated by grey correlation analysis of zero shear viscosity and high temperature rheological parameters. Bending beam rheological experiments were carried out on the aged composite modified asphalt to analyse its low temperature rheological properties based on the viscoelastic parameters and linear fitting of the Burgers model. The results show that: The high temperature deformation resistance of DCLR composite modified asphalt are better than the matrix asphalt, the most influential modifier is SBS, and the higher the dose, the stronger the high temperature deformation resistance. The unrecoverable creep flexibility Jnr3.2 at 70 °C can better respond to the high temperature performance of asphalt, the ratio of 9% DCLR + 4% SBS + 2% aromatic oil DCLR composite modified asphalt with the best high temperature performance. Burgers model can better reflect the creep process of asphalt, DCLR composite modified asphalt has some defects in low temperature performance, the higher the dose of DCLR, the poorer the low temperature performance of the composite modified asphalt. The low temperature sensitivity of DCLR composite modified asphalt has been reduced, low temperature crack resistance has been slightly enhanced.
Analysis of Influence Range of Sudden Change of Rock Mass Grade on Surrounding Rock Stability in Shallow Tunnel Construction
Authors: Wang Fubin , Yu Kui
Published: May 2023

In this paper, the construction process of the diversion tunnel of Er-Jia-Gou Reservoir in Harbin is numerically simulated. Based on Biot consolidation theory and porous elastic medium theory, considering the influence of groundwater seepage during the construction process, a three-dimensional fluid solid coupling model of the tunnel is established to simulate the seepage field, stress field and displacement field changes during the construction process. According to the calculation results, the distribution of pore water pressure and stress around the tunnel during the construction process is analyzed, and the variation rules of pore water pressure, stress and the displacement of the vault and arch bottom of the tunnel are obtained when the shallow tunnel construction passes through the sudden change area of rock mass. Finally, the influence range of the sudden change area of rock mass grade in the tunnel construction process is determined: pore water pressure, stress and vertical displacement will be affected at 20 m from the sudden change area. The results of the paper can provide reference for the safe construction of shallow tunnels.
Service Performance Evaluation of Rubber Floating Slab Track for Metro in Operation
Authors: Li Qiuyi , Luo Wei
Published: May 2023

Guangzhou metro line 1 is one of the first to adopt floating slab track in the Chinese mainland, it has been in operation for more than 20 years up to now. In order to obtain the vibration reduction performance of the floating slab track after long service, systematic field test and laboratory test are carried out. The results show that: (1) The rubber bearing of floating slab track keeps good appearance. (2) The measurement results of shore hardness and elongation at break show that, the rubber bearing has a certain degree of hardening after long service. Other mechanical properties of the rubber bearing still meet the design requirements. (3) The first natural frequency of the floating slab track is 33.9 Hz, its vibration reduction effect keeps good, the test result is 12.9 dB. The effective damping frequency band of the floating slab track is above 35 Hz. (4) The vertical dynamic displacement amplitude of rail and track bed is lower than the limit value given in relevant specifications. (5) The test results show that after 20 years of service, the floating slab track is in good condition, it’s still qualified to maintain normal service.
Continuous generalized symmetries in three dimensions
Authors: Damia Jeremias Aguilera , Argurio Riccardo , Tizzano Luigi
Published: May 2023

Abstract

We present a class of three-dimensional quantum field theories whose ordinary global symmetries mix with higher-form symmetries to form a continuous 2-group. All these models can be obtained by performing a gauging procedure in a parent theory revealing a ’t Hooft anomaly in the space of coupling constants when suitable compact scalar background fields are activated. Furthermore, the gauging procedure also implies that our main example has infinitely many non-invertible global symmetries. These can be obtained by dressing the continuous symmetry operators with topological quantum field theories. Finally, we comment on the holographic realization of both 2-group global symmetries and non-invertible symmetries discussed here by introducing a corresponding four-dimensional bulk description in terms of dynamical gauge fields.
Distinct signatures of spinning PBH domination and evaporation: doubly peaked gravitational waves, dark relics and CMB complementarity
Authors: Bhaumik Nilanjandev , Ghoshal Anish , Jain Rajeev Kumar , Lewicki Marek
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Ultra-low mass primordial black holes (PBH), which may briefly dominate the energy density of the universe but completely evaporate before the big bang nucleosynthesis (BBN), can lead to interesting observable signatures. In our previous work, we studied the generation of a doubly peaked spectrum of induced stochastic gravitational wave background (ISGWB) for such a scenario and explored the possibility of probing a class of baryogenesis models wherein the emission of massive unstable particles from the PBH evaporation and their subsequent decay contributes to the matter-antimatter asymmetry. In this work, we extend the scope of our earlier work by including spinning PBHs and consider the emission of light relativistic dark sector particles, which contribute to the dark radiation (DR) and massive stable dark sector particles, thereby accounting for the dark matter (DM) component of the universe. The ISGWB can probe the non-thermal production of these heavy DM particles, which cannot be accessible in laboratory searches. For the case of DR, we find a novel complementarity between the measurements of ∆Neff from these emitted particles and the ISGWB from PBH domination. Our results indicate that the ISGWB has a weak dependence on the initial PBH spin. However, for gravitons as the DR particles, the initial PBH spin plays a significant role, and only above a critical value of the initial spin parameter a*, which depends only on initial PBH mass, the graviton emission can be probed in the CMB-HD experiment. Upcoming CMB experiments such as CMB-HD and CMB-Bharat, together with future GW detectors like LISA and ET, open up an exciting possibility of constraining the PBHs parameter space providing deeper insights into the expansion history of the universe between the end of inflation and BBN.
Biased activation of the receptor tyrosine kinase HER2
Authors: Catapano Claudia , Rahm Johanna V. , Omer Marjan , Teodori Laura , Kjems Jørgen , Dietz Marina S. , Heilemann Mike
Published: May 2023

HER2 belongs to the ErbB sub-family of receptor tyrosine kinases and regulates cellular proliferation and growth. Different from other ErbB receptors, HER2 has no known ligand. Activation occurs through heterodimerization with other ErbB receptors and their cognate ligands. This suggests several possible activation paths of HER2 with ligand-specific, differential response, which has so far remained unexplored. Using single-molecule tracking and the diffusion profile of HER2 as a proxy for activity, we measured the activation strength and temporal profile in live cells. We found that HER2 is strongly activated by EGFR-targeting ligands EGF and TGFα, yet with a distinguishable temporal fingerprint. The HER4-targeting ligands EREG and NRGβ1 showed weaker activation of HER2, a preference for EREG, and a delayed response to NRGβ1. Our results indicate a selective ligand response of HER2 that may serve as a regulatory element. Our experimental approach is easily transferable to other membrane receptors targeted by multiple ligands.

Graphical abstract
Berezin Quantization, Conformal Welding and the Bott–Virasoro Group
Authors: Alekseev A. , Shatashvili S. , Takhtajan L.
Published: May 2023

Following Nag–Sullivan, we study the representation of the group $$\textrm{Diff}^+(S^1)$$

Diff
+

(

S
1

)

of diffeomorphisms of the circle on the Hilbert space of holomorphic functions. Conformal welding provides triangular decompositions for the corresponding symplectic transformations. We apply Berezin formalism and lift this decomposition to operators acting on the Fock space. This lift provides quantization of conformal welding, gives a new representative of the Bott–Virasoso cocycle class, and leads to a surprising identity for the Takhtajan–Teo energy functional on $$\textrm{Diff}^+(S^1)$$

Diff
+

(

S
1

)

.
Pigmentary colouration of hairy carpenter bees, genus Xylocopa
Authors: Stavenga Doekele G.
Published: May 2023

Carpenter bees can display distinct colouration patterns due to structural coloured wings and/or coloured hairs on their bodies. Females of the sexually dichromatic Xylocopa caerulea are marked by strongly blue-pigmented hairs on the head, thorax and abdomen. The thorax of female X. confusa is covered by yellow-pigmented hairs. The diffuse pigmentary colouration of the blue and yellow hairs is effectively enhanced by strongly scattering granules. The absorption spectrum of the blue pigment of X. caerulea has a maximum at 605 nm and is probably a bilin (a bile pigment). The absorption spectrum of the yellow pigment of X. confusa has a maximum at 445 nm and may be a pterin. The thoracic hairs of female X. confusa contain also a minor amount of the bilin. The reflectance spectra of the pigmented hairs suggest that the pigments are tuned to the spectral sensitivity of the bees’ photoreceptors and provide spectral contrast with a green background.
Gut hormone-based pharmacology: novel formulations and future possibilities for metabolic disease therapy
Authors: Tschöp Matthias , Nogueiras Ruben , Ahrén Bo
Published: May 2023

Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists are established pharmaceutical therapies for the treatment of type 2 diabetes and obesity. They mimic the action of GLP-1 to reduce glucose levels through stimulation of insulin secretion and inhibition of glucagon secretion. They also reduce body weight by inducing satiety through central actions. The GLP-1 receptor agonists used clinically are based on exendin-4 and native GLP-1 and are available as formulations for daily or weekly s.c. or oral administration. GLP-1 receptor agonism is also achieved by inhibitors of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4), which prevent the inactivation of GLP-1 and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP), thereby prolonging their raised levels after meal ingestion. Other developments in GLP-1 receptor agonism include the formation of small orally available agonists and compounds with the potential to pharmaceutically stimulate GLP-1 secretion from the gut. In addition, GLP-1/glucagon and GLP-1/GIP dual receptor agonists and GLP-1/GIP/glucagon triple receptor agonists have shown the potential to reduce blood glucose levels and body weight through their effects on islets and peripheral tissues, improving beta cell function and stimulating energy expenditure. This review summarises developments in gut hormone-based therapies and presents the future outlook for their use in type 2 diabetes and obesity.

Graphical Abstract
The general framework for few-shot learning by kernel HyperNetworks
Authors: Sendera Marcin , Przewiȩźlikowski Marcin , Miksa Jan , Rajski Mateusz , Karanowski Konrad , Ziȩba Maciej , Tabor Jacek , Spurek Przemysław
Published: May 2023

Few-shot models aim at making predictions using a minimal number of labeled examples from a given task. The main challenge in this area is the one-shot setting, where only one element represents each class. We propose the general framework for few-shot learning via kernel HyperNetworks—the fusion of kernels and hypernetwork paradigm. Firstly, we introduce the classical realization of this framework, dubbed HyperShot. Compared to reference approaches that apply a gradient-based adjustment of the parameters, our models aim to switch the classification module parameters depending on the task’s embedding. In practice, we utilize a hypernetwork, which takes the aggregated information from support data and returns the classifier’s parameters handcrafted for the considered problem. Moreover, we introduce the kernel-based representation of the support examples delivered to hypernetwork to create the parameters of the classification module. Consequently, we rely on relations between the support examples’ embeddings instead of the backbone models’ direct feature values. Thanks to this approach, our model can adapt to highly different tasks. While such a method obtains very good results, it is limited by typical problems such as poorly quantified uncertainty due to limited data size. We further show that incorporating Bayesian neural networks into our general framework, an approach we call BayesHyperShot, solves this issue.
Beyond ideals: why the (medical) AI industry needs to motivate behavioural change in line with fairness and transparency values, and how it can do it
Authors: Liefgreen Alice , Weinstein Netta , Wachter Sandra , Mittelstadt Brent
Published: May 2023

Artificial intelligence (AI) is increasingly relied upon by clinicians for making diagnostic and treatment decisions, playing an important role in imaging, diagnosis, risk analysis, lifestyle monitoring, and health information management. While research has identified biases in healthcare AI systems and proposed technical solutions to address these, we argue that effective solutions require human engagement. Furthermore, there is a lack of research on how to motivate the adoption of these solutions and promote investment in designing AI systems that align with values such as transparency and fairness from the outset. Drawing on insights from psychological theories, we assert the need to understand the values that underlie decisions made by individuals involved in creating and deploying AI systems. We describe how this understanding can be leveraged to increase engagement with de-biasing and fairness-enhancing practices within the AI healthcare industry, ultimately leading to sustained behavioral change via autonomy-supportive communication strategies rooted in motivational and social psychology theories. In developing these pathways to engagement, we consider the norms and needs that govern the AI healthcare domain, and we evaluate incentives for maintaining the status quo against economic, legal, and social incentives for behavior change in line with transparency and fairness values.
An AEC framework for fields with commuting automorphisms
Authors: Hyttinen Tapani , Kangas Kaisa
Published: May 2023

In this paper, we introduce an AEC framework for studying fields with commuting automorphisms. Fields with commuting automorphisms are closely related to difference fields. Some authors define a difference ring (or field) as a ring (or field) together with several commuting endomorphisms, while others only study one endomorphism. Z. Chatzidakis and E. Hrushovski have studied in depth the model theory of ACFA, the model companion of difference fields with one automorphism. Our fields with commuting automorphisms generalize this setting. We have several automorphisms and they are required to commute. Hrushovski has proved that in the case of fields with two or more commuting automorphisms, the existentially closed models do not necessarily form a first order model class. In the present paper, we introduce FCA-classes, an AEC framework for studying the existentially closed models of the theory of fields with commuting automorphisms. We prove that an FCA-class has AP and JEP and thus a monster model, that Galois types coincide with existential types in existentially closed models, that the class is homogeneous, and that there is a version of type amalgamation theorem that allows to combine three types under certain conditions. Finally, we use these results to show that our monster model is a simple homogeneous structure in the sense of S. Buechler and O. Lessman (this is a non-elementary analogue for the classification theoretic notion of a simple first order theory).
Application of machine learning for fleet-based condition monitoring of ball screw drives in machine tools
Authors: Denkena Berend , Dittrich Marc-André , Noske Hendrik , Lange Dirk , Benjamins Carolin , Lindauer Marius
Published: May 2023

Ball screws are frequently used as drive elements in the feed axes of machine tools. The failure of ball screw drives is associated with high downtimes and costs for manufacturing companies, which harm competitiveness. Data-based monitoring approaches derive the ball screw condition based on sensor data in cases where no knowledge is available to derive a physical model-based approach. An essential criterion for selecting the condition assessment method is the availability of fault data. In the literature, fault patterns are often artificially created in an experimental test bench scenario. This paper presents ball screw drive monitoring approaches for machine tool fleets based on machine learning. First, the potentials of automated machine learning for supervised anomaly detection are investigated. It is shown that the AutoML tool Auto-Sklearn achieves a higher monitoring quality compared to literature approaches. However, fault data are often not available. Therefore, unified outlier scores are applied in a semi-supervised anomaly detection mode. The unified outlier score approach outperforms threshold-based approaches commonly used in industry. The considered data set originates from a machine tool fleet used in series production in the automotive industry collected over 8 months. Within the observation period, multiple ball screw failures are observed so that sensor data about the transient phases between normal and fault conditions is available.
Comparison of gas chromatographic techniques for the analysis of iodinated derivatives of aromatic amines
Authors: Lorenzo-Parodi Nerea , Leitner Erich , Schmidt Torsten C.
Published: May 2023

Some aromatic amines (AA) have been classified as carcinogens to humans. After entering the body, mainly through tobacco smoke, they can be detected in urine. Thus, their trace analysis as biomarkers in biofluids is of high relevance and can be achieved with gas chromatography (GC–MS), usually after derivatization. This study compares three gas chromatographic methods for the analysis of ten iodinated derivatives of AA: GC–MS in single-ion monitoring (SIM) mode with (1) electron ionization (GC-EI-MS) and (2) negative chemical ionization (GC-NCI-MS), and (3) GC-EI-MS/MS in multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode using electron ionization. All methods and most analytes showed good coefficients of determination (R2 > 0.99) for broad linear ranges covering three to five orders of magnitude in the picogram-per-liter to nanogram-per-liter range, with one and two exceptions for (1) and (2) respectively. Excellent limits of detection (LODs) of 9–50, 3.0–7.3, and 0.9–3.9 pg/L were observed for (1), (2), and (3) respectively, and good precision was achieved (intra-day repeatability < 15% and inter-day repeatability < 20% for most techniques and concentration levels). On average, recoveries between 80 and 104% were observed for all techniques. Urine samples of smokers and non-smokers were successfully analyzed, and p-toluidine and 2-chloroaniline could be found at significantly (α = 0.05) higher concentrations among smokers.

Graphical Abstract
Product-Type Classes for Vertex Algebra Cohomology of Foliations on Complex Curves
Authors: Zuevsky A.
Published: May 2023

We introduce the vertex algebra cohomology of foliations on complex curves. Generalizing the classical case, the orthogonality condition with respect to a product of elements of the double complexes associated to a grading-restricted vertex algebra matrix elements leads to the construction of cohomology invariants of codimension one foliations.
Barriers and facilitators to the implementation of mandatory folate fortification as an evidence-based policy to prevent neural tube defects
Authors: Ghotme Kemel A. , Arynchyna-Smith Anastasia , Maleknia Pedram , Kancherla Vijaya , Pachon Helena , J. Van der Wees Philip , Bocchino Joseph M. , Rosseau Gail L.
Published: May 2023

Background

Neural tube defects continue to be one of the main congenital malformations affecting the development of the nervous system and a significant cause of disability and disease burden to individuals living with these conditions. Mandatory food fortification with folic acid is, by far, one of the most efficacious, safe, and cost-effective interventions to prevent neural tube defects. However, most countries fail to effectively fortify staple foods with folic acid, impacting public health and healthcare systems and generating dismal disparities.

Aim

This article discusses the main barriers and facilitators for implementing mandatory food fortification as an evidence-based policy to prevent neural tube defects worldwide.

Methods

A comprehensive review of the scientific literature allowed the identification of the determinant factors acting as barriers or facilitators for the reach, adoption, implementation, and scaling up of mandatory food fortification with folic acid as an evidence-based policy.

Results

We identified eight barriers and seven facilitators as determinant factors for food fortification policies. The identified factors were classified as individual, contextual, and external, inspired by the Consolidated Framework for Implementation of Research (CFIR). We discuss mechanisms to overcome obstacles and seize the opportunities to approach this public health intervention safely and effectively.

Conclusions

Several determinant factors acting as barriers or facilitators influence the implementation of mandatory food fortification as an evidence-based policy worldwide. Notoriously, policymakers in many countries may lack knowledge of the benefits of scaling up their policies to prevent folic acid-sensitive neural tube defects, improve the health status of their communities, and promote the protection of many children from these disabling but preventable conditions. Not addressing this problem negatively affects four levels: public health, society, family, and individuals. Science-driven advocacy and partnerships with essential stakeholders can help overcome the barriers and leverage the facilitators for safe and effective food fortification.
Not obtaining a medication the first time it is prescribed: primary non-adherence to cardiovascular pharmacotherapy
Authors: Schulz Martin , Laufs Ulrich
Published: May 2023

Primary medication non-adherence describes the situation when a first prescription for a new medication is never filled. Primary non-adherence is an important, yet understudied aspect of reduced effectiveness of pharmacotherapy. This review summarizes the frequency, impact, reasons, predictors, and interventions regarding primary non-adherence to cardiovascular/cardiometabolic drugs. The current literature reveals a high prevalence of primary non-adherence. The individual risk of primary non-adherence is determined on multiple factors, e.g., primary non-adherence of lipid-lowering drugs is higher compared to antihypertensive medications. However, the overall rate of primary non-adherence is > 10%. Additionally, this review identifies specific areas for research to better understand why patients forgo evidence-based beneficial pharmacotherapy and to explore targeted interventions. At the same time, measures to reduce primary non-adherence—once proven to be effective—may represent an important new opportunity to reduce cardiovascular diseases.
Impact of a brochure and empathetic physician communication on patients’ perception of breast biopsies
Authors: Machacek Martina , Urech Corinne , Tschudin Sibil , Werlen Laura , Schoenenberger Cora-Ann , Zanetti-Dällenbach Rosanna
Published: May 2023

Purpose

This study investigated the effect of an intervention designed to reduce patients’ emotional distress associated with breast biopsy.

Methods

125 breast biopsy patients receiving standard of care (control group, CG) were compared to 125 patients (intervention group, IG) who received a brochure with information prior to the biopsy and were biopsied by physicians trained in empathic communication. Anxiety was assessed by the State-Anxiety Inventory (STAI-S) at four time points (pre- and post-procedural, pre- and post-histology). All participants completed pre- and post-procedural questionnaires addressing worries, pain and comprehension. We evaluated the impact of the intervention on STAI-S levels using a log-transformed linear mixed effects model and explored patients’ and physicians’ perceptions of the procedure descriptively.

Results

Post-procedural and post-histology timepoints were associated with 13% and17% lower with STAI-S levels than at the pre-procedural timepoint on average. The histologic result had the strongest association with STAI-S: malignancy was associated with 28% higher STAI-S scores than a benign finding on average. Across all time points, the intervention did not affect patient anxiety. Nevertheless, IG participants perceived less pain during the biopsy. Nearly all patients agreed that the brochure should be handed out prior to breast biopsy.

Conclusion

While the distribution of an informative brochure and a physician trained in empathic communication did not reduce patient anxiety overall, we observed lower levels of worry and perceived pain regarding breast biopsy in the intervention group. The intervention seemed to improve patient’s understanding of the procedure. Moreover, professional training could increase physicians’ empathic communication skills.

Trial registration number

NCT 02796612 (March 19, 2014).