bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Polar and brown bear genomes reveal ancient admixture and demographic footprints of past climate change
Authors: Miller Webb , Schuster Stephan C. , Welch Andreanna J. , Ratan Aakrosh , Bedoya-Reina Oscar C. , Zhao Fangqing , Kim Hie Lim , Burhans Richard C. , Drautz Daniela I. , Wittekindt Nicola E. , Tomsho Lynn P. , Ibarra-Laclette Enrique , Herrera-Estrella Luis , Peacock Elizabeth , Farley Sean , Sage George K. , Rode Karyn , Obbard Martyn , Montiel Rafael , Bachmann Lutz , Ingólfsson Ólafur , Aars Jon , Mailund Thomas , Wiig Øystein , Talbot Sandra L. , Lindqvist Charlotte
Published: July 2012

Polar bears (PBs) are superbly adapted to the extreme Arctic environment and have become emblematic of the threat to biodiversity from global climate change. Their divergence from the lower-latitude brown bear provides a textbook example of rapid evolution of distinct phenotypes. However, limited mitochondrial and nuclear DNA evidence conflicts in the timing of PB origin as well as placement of the species within versus sister to the brown bear lineage. We gathered extensive genomic sequence data from contemporary polar, brown, and American black bear samples, in addition to a 130,000- to 110,000-y old PB, to examine this problem from a genome-wide perspective. Nuclear DNA markers reflect a species tree consistent with expectation, showing polar and brown bears to be sister species. However, for the enigmatic brown bears native to Alaska's Alexander Archipelago, we estimate that not only their mitochondrial genome, but also 5–10% of their nuclear genome, is most closely related to PBs, indicating ancient admixture between the two species. Explicit admixture analyses are consistent with ancient splits among PBs, brown bears and black bears that were later followed by occasional admixture. We also provide paleodemographic estimates that suggest bear evolution has tracked key climate events, and that PB in particular experienced a prolonged and dramatic decline in its effective population size during the last ca. 500,000 years. We demonstrate that brown bears and PBs have had sufficiently independent evolutionary histories over the last 4–5 million years to leave imprints in the PB nuclear genome that likely are associated with ecological adaptation to the Arctic environment.
X-linked H3K27me3 demethylase Utx is required for embryonic development in a sex-specific manner
Authors: Welstead G. Grant , Creyghton Menno P. , Bilodeau Steve , Cheng Albert W. , Markoulaki Styliani , Young Richard A. , Jaenisch Rudolf
Published: July 2012

Embryogenesis requires the timely and coordinated activation of developmental regulators. It has been suggested that the recently discovered class of histone demethylases (UTX and JMJD3) that specifically target the repressive H3K27me3 modification play an important role in the activation of “bivalent” genes in response to specific developmental cues. To determine the requirements for UTX in pluripotency and development, we have generated
Utx
-null ES cells and mutant mice. The loss of UTX had a profound effect during embryogenesis.
Utx
-null embryos had reduced somite counts, neural tube closure defects and heart malformation that presented between E9.5 and E13.5. Unexpectedly, homozygous mutant female embryos were more severely affected than hemizygous mutant male embryos. In fact, we observed the survival of a subset of UTX-deficient males that were smaller in size and had reduced lifespan. Interestingly, these animals were fertile with normal spermatogenesis. Consistent with a midgestation lethality, UTX-null male and female ES cells gave rise to all three germ layers in teratoma assays, though sex-specific differences could be observed in the activation of developmental regulators in embryoid body assays. Lastly, ChIP-seq analysis revealed an increase in H3K27me3 in
Utx
-null male ES cells. In summary, our data demonstrate sex-specific requirements for this X-linked gene while suggesting a role for UTY during development.
Social identity, attribution, and emotion: Comparisons of Americans, Korean Americans, and Koreans
Authors: Park Hee Sun , Yun Doshik , Choi Hye Jeong , Lee Hye Eun , Lee Dong Wook , Ahn Jiyoung
Published: July 2012

The social identity of another person, in addition to the social identity of self, can be an important factor affecting the types of attribution judgments and emotions that individuals indicate for the other person. In April 2007, the perpetrator of the shooting incident on the Virginia Tech University campus was identified as a person who emigrated to the USA from Korea at a young age. The current study compared non‐Korean Americans, Korean Americans, Koreans in the USA, and Koreans in Korea in terms of their attributions and emotions concerning the perpetrator and the shooting incident. Participants were asked to indicate (1) the extent to which they attributed the cause of the incident to either American society or the perpetrator, (2) their emotions (e.g., upset), and (3) the extent to which they categorized the perpetrator as an American, a Korean American, or a Korean. The results indicated that non‐Korean Americans were most likely to attribute the cause of the incident to the perpetrator as opposed to American society. Non‐Korean Americans, Korean Americans, and Koreans in the United States had more negative emotions (e.g., unhappy, sad, and upset) about the incident than Koreans in Korea did. The results also indicated that individuals differed in their attributions and emotions depending on how they categorized the perpetrator. For example, categorizing the perpetrator as being a Korean was positively related to Americans’ tendency to hold the perpetrator responsible, while categorizing the perpetrator as being an American was negatively related to the tendency to hold the perpetrator responsible among Koreans in Korea. The findings may imply that social identity theory, intergroup emotion theory, and cultural orientations (e.g., individualism and collectivism) can provide insights into people's reactions to a tragic incident.
Psychological essentialism among Korean children and adults: A modified replication study
Authors: Kim Geunyoung
Published: July 2012

Developmental psychologists have shown interest in the development of psychological essentialism among children; that is, a belief that certain psychological characteristics (such as personality) are relatively stable and unchanging. Although previous studies have shown that children are essentialistic about human traits, and the coherence among various essentialism dimensions increases with age, moderating cultural factors in the development of essentialism, especially among Asian children, have received little attention. Using the methodologies of Gelman, Heyman, and Legare (2007), levels of psychological essentialism among Korean children and adults were measured, and compared with the original US data. Results demonstrated cross‐cultural similarity in the development of coherence in essentialistic thought, and difference in the level of essentialism among adult participants. The present findings imply that different cultural values between Asians and Westerners can play a role in the developmental trajectory of psychological essentialism.
Dispositional optimism and physical wellbeing: The relevance of culture, gender, and socioeconomic status
Authors: Khallad Yacoub
Published: July 2012

The present study examined the relationship between dispositional optimism and physical wellbeing (as reflected in physical symptom reporting) in two groups of American and Jordanian college students. It also assessed moderation effects of culture, gender, and socioeconomic status (SES). Participants were administered a questionnaire consisting of items pertaining to dispositional optimism (as measured by the Revised Life Orientation Test, LOT‐R) along with items assessing physical symptom reporting and sociodemographic factors (e.g., gender, socioeconomic status). The results revealed significant negative correlations between dispositional optimism and physical symptom reporting for both American and Jordanian participants, although the magnitude of the correlation for the American group was noticeably larger than that for the Jordanian group. The results also showed that women, especially Jordanians, were more likely than men to report physical symptoms. Among Jordanians, physical symptom reporting was more common among those of lower SES. No statistically significant differences in physical symptom reporting were found between American men and women or between the two cultural groups. Multiple regression analyses revealed no statistically significant interactions between optimism and cultural background, optimism and gender, or optimism and SES. Overall, the results suggest that optimism is the factor most predictive of physical symptom reporting, followed by SES and gender. These results corroborate previous findings on the relationship between dispositional optimism and physical wellbeing, and point to crosscultural differences in relationship patterns. These differences suggest that although personality characteristics such as optimism may play an important role in the physical wellbeing of both Western and non‐Western groups, the influence of sociodemographic factors such as gender and SES and their interaction with cultural variables must not be overlooked.
Delayed auditory feedback in repetitive tapping: A role for the sensory goal
Authors: Drewing Knut
Published: July 2012

The open-loop model by Wing and Kristofferson has successfully explained many aspects of movement timing. A later adaptation of the model assumes that timing processes do not control the movements themselves, but the sensory consequences of the movements. The present study tested direct predictions from this “sensory-goals model”. In two experiments, participants were instructed to produce regular intervals by tapping alternately with the index fingers of the left and the right hand. Auditory feedback tones from the taps of one hand were delayed. As a consequence, regular intervals between taps resulted in irregular intervals between feedback tones. Participants compensated for this auditory irregularity by changing their movement timing. Compensation effects increased with the magnitude of feedback delay (Experiment 1) and were also observed in a unimanual variant of the task (Experiment 2). The pattern of effects in alternating tapping suggests that compensation processes were anticipatory—that is, compensate for upcoming feedback delay rather than being reactions to delay. All experiments confirmed formal model predictions. Taken together, the findings corroborate the sensory-goals adaptation of the Wing–Kristofferson model.
Equational approach to argumentation networks
Authors: Gabbay D.M.
Published: July 2012

This paper provides equational semantics for Dung's argumentation networks. The network nodes get numerical values in [0,1], and are supposed to satisfy certain equations. The solutions to these equations correspond to the “extensions” of the network. This approach is very general and includes the Caminada labelling as a special case, as well as many other so-called network extensions, support systems, higher level attacks, Boolean networks, dependence on time, and much more. The equational approach has its conceptual roots in the nineteenth century following the algebraic equational approach to logic by George Boole, Louis Couturat, and Ernst Schroeder.
THE HALO OCCUPATION DISTRIBUTION OF SDSS QUASARS
Authors: Richardson Jonathan , Zheng Zheng , Chatterjee Suchetana , Nagai Daisuke , Shen Yue
Published: July 2012

We present an estimate of the projected two-point correlation function (2PCF) of quasars in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) over the full range of one- and two-halo scales, 0.02 h
−1 Mpc < rp
< 120 h
−1 Mpc. This was achieved by combining data from SDSS DR7 on large scales and Hennawi et al. (with appropriate statistical corrections) on small scales. Our combined clustering sample is the largest spectroscopic quasar clustering sample to date, containing ∼48, 000 quasars in the redshift range 0.4 ≲ z ≲ 2.5 with median redshift 1.4. We interpret these precise 2PCF measurements within the halo occupation distribution (HOD) framework and constrain the occupation functions of central and satellite quasars in dark matter halos. In order to explain the small-scale clustering, the HOD modeling requires that a small fraction of z ∼ 1.4 quasars, f
sat = (7.4 ± 1.4) × 10−4, be satellites in dark matter halos. At z ∼ 1.4, the median masses of the host halos of central and satellite quasars are constrained to be M
cen = 4.1+0.3
− 0.4 × 1012 
h
−1 
M
☉ and M
sat = 3.6+0.8
− 1.0 × 1014 
h
−1 
M
☉, respectively. To investigate the redshift evolution of the quasar-halo relationship, we also perform HOD modeling of the projected 2PCF measured by Shen et al. for SDSS quasars with median redshift 3.2. We find tentative evidence for an increase in the mass scale of quasar host halos—the inferred median mass of halos hosting central quasars at z ∼ 3.2 is M
cen = 14.1+5.8
− 6.9 × 1012 
h
−1 
M
☉. The cutoff profiles of the mean occupation functions of central quasars reveal that quasar luminosity is more tightly correlated with halo mass at higher redshifts. The average quasar duty cycle around the median host halo mass is inferred to be f
q = 7.3+0.6
− 1.5 × 10−4 at z ∼ 1.4 and f
q = 8.6+20.4
− 7.2 × 10−2 at z ∼ 3.2. We discuss the implications of our results for quasar evolution and quasar–galaxy co-evolution.
Generic stability, forking, and þ-forking
Authors: García Darío , Onshuus Alf , Usvyatsov Alexander
Published: July 2012

Abstract notions of “smallness” are among the most important tools that model theory offers for the analysis of arbitrary structures. The two most useful notions of this kind are forking (which is closely related to certain measure zero ideals) and thorn-forking (which generalizes the usual topological dimension). Under certain mild assumptions, forking is the finest notion of smallness, whereas thorn-forking is the coarsest.

In this paper we study forking and thorn-forking, restricting ourselves to the class of generically stable types. Our main conclusion is that in this context these two notions coincide. We explore some applications of this equivalence.
RILogo: visualizing RNA–RNA interactions
Authors: Menzel Peter , Seemann Stefan E. , Gorodkin Jan
Published: July 2012

Summary: With the increasing amount of newly discovered non-coding RNAs, the interactions between RNA molecules become an increasingly important aspect for characterizing their functionality. Many computational tools have been developed to predict the formation of duplexes between two RNAs, either based on single sequences or alignments of homologous sequences. Here, we present RILogo, a program to visualize inter- and intramolecular base pairing between two RNA molecules. The input for RILogo is a pair of structure-annotated sequences or alignments. In the latter case, RILogo displays the alignments in the form of sequence logos, including the mutual information of base paired columns. We also introduce two novel mutual information based measures that weigh the covariance information by the evolutionary distances of the aligned sequences. We show that the new measures have an increased accuracy compared with previous mutual information measures.

Availability and implementation: RILogo is freely available as a stand-alone program and is accessible via a web server at http://rth.dk/resources/rilogo.

Contact:  pmenzel@gmail.com

Supplementary Information:  Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Attenuated response to methamphetamine sensitization and deficits in motor learning and memory after selective deletion of β-catenin in dopamine neurons
Authors: Diaz-Ruiz Oscar , Zhang YaJun , Shan Lufei , Malik Nasir , Hoffman Alexander F. , Ladenheim Bruce , Cadet Jean Lud , Lupica Carl R. , Tagliaferro Adriana , Brusco Alicia , Bäckman Cristina M.
Published: July 2012

In the present study, we analyzed mice with a targeted deletion of β-catenin in DA neurons (DA-βcat KO mice) to address the functional significance of this molecule in the shaping of synaptic responses associated with motor learning and following exposure to drugs of abuse. Relative to controls, DA-βcat KO mice showed significant deficits in their ability to form long-term memories and displayed reduced expression of methamphetamine-induced behavioral sensitization after subsequent challenge doses with this drug, suggesting that motor learning and drug-induced learning plasticity are altered in these mice. Morphological analyses showed no changes in the number or distribution of tyrosine hydroxylase-labeled neurons in the ventral midbrain. While electrochemical measurements in the striatum determined no changes in acute DA release and uptake, a small but significant decrease in DA release was detected in mutant animals after prolonged repetitive stimulation, suggesting a possible deficit in the DA neurotransmitter vesicle reserve pool. However, electron microscopy analyses did not reveal significant differences in the content of synaptic vesicles per terminal, and striatal DA levels were unchanged in DA-βcat KO animals. In contrast, striatal mRNA levels for several markers known to regulate synaptic plasticity and DA neurotransmission were altered in DA-βcat KO mice. This study demonstrates that ablation of β-catenin in DA neurons leads to alterations of motor and reward-associated memories and to adaptations of the DA neurotransmitter system and suggests that β-catenin signaling in DA neurons is required to facilitate the synaptic remodeling underlying the consolidation of long-term memories.
The first dinuclear cobalt complex bridged by acetylamidate ligands: di-μ-acetylamido-κ2O:N;κ2N:O-di-μ-hydroxido-κ4O:O-bis[bis(pyridine-κN)cobalt(III)] bis(perchlorate) acetonitrile disolvate
Authors: Maass John S. , Luck Rudy L. , Zeller Matthias
Published: July 2012

The title compound, [Co2(C2H4NO)2(OH)2(C5H5N)4](ClO4)2·2C2H3N, consists of two octahedral CoIIIcenters arranged around an inversion point in which twocishydroxide and twotransacetylamidate ligands link the two centers together, forming a dimeric cationic complex. Each CoIIIcenter has twocispyridine ligands which coordinate in the same plane as thecishydroxide ligands. Two acetonitrile solvent molecules and two perchlorate anions are hydrogen bonded to the H atoms on the bridging hydroxide and acetylamidate (N atom) ligands, respectively.
Ethyl 7-chloro-1-cyclopropyl-6-fluoro-8-nitro-4-oxo-1,4-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxylate
Authors: Al-Qawasmeh Raed A.
Published: July 2012

In the title compound, C15H12ClFN2O5, molecules are packed in the crystal lattice in a parallel fashion sustained by various C—H...O [C...O = 3.065 (5)–3.537 (5) Å] and C—H...Cl [3.431 (5)–3.735 (4) Å] interactions.
[μ-Bis(diphenylarsino)methane-1:2κ2As:As]decacarbonyl-1κ3C,2κ3C,3κ4C-triangulo-triosmium(0)
Authors: Shawkataly Omar bin , Khan Imthyaz Ahmed , Sirat Siti Syaida , Quah Ching Kheng , Fun Hoong-Kun
Published: July 2012

The title compound, [Os3(C25H22As2)(CO)10], contains a triangle of singly bonded Os atoms; both arsine ligands are equatorial with respect to the Os3triangle. Each arsine-substituted Os atom bears one equatorial and two axial terminal carbonyl ligands, whereas the unsubstituted Os atom bears two equatorial and two axial terminal carbonyl ligands. The dihedral angles between the two benzene rings in the diphenylarsino groups are 67.42 (16) and 61.99 (16)°. In the crystal, molecules are linkedviaC—H...O hydrogen bonds into zigzag chains propagating along [010].
Bis{6-bromo-4-chloro-2-[(E)-(2-chlorophenyl)iminomethyl]phenolato-κ2N,O}copper(II)
Authors: Ping Zhang
Published: July 2012

In the title compound, [Cu(C13H7BrCl2NO)2], or CuL2{where HL= 2-[(E)-(2-chlorophenylimino)methyl]-6-bromo-4-chlorophenol}, the CuIIatom is located on an inversion center and has a square-planar coordination. In the crystal, complex molecules are linked via Cu...Cl interactions [2.9933 (11) Å], forming a two-dimensional network parallel to thebcplane. They are also Cl...Cl interactions [3.3709 (14) Å] present, which consolidate the two-dimensional network structure.
Ethyl 9-fluoro-5,12-dioxo-5,12-dihydroindolizino[2,3-g]quinoline-6-carboxylate
Authors: Zhang Da-Li , Zhang Li-Ping , Yao Jia , Wu Xi-Wei , An Lin-Kun
Published: July 2012

In the title molecule, C18H11FN2O4, the fused four- ring system is essentially planar, with an r.m.s. deviation of 0.032 Å. In the crystal, molecules are connected by π–π stacking interactions [centroid–centroid distances = 3.5684 (9) and 3.8247 (9) Å] into chains along [100].
Andirobin fromX. moluccensis
Authors: Jittaniyom Chutima , Sommit Damrong , Muangsin Nongnuj , Pudhom Khanitha
Published: July 2012

The title compound (systematic name: methyl 2-{(1R,2R)-2-[(1aS,4S,4aS,8aS)-4-(furan-3-yl)-4a-methyl-8-methylene-2-oxooctahydrooxireno[2,3-d]isochromen-7-yl]-2,6,6-trimethyl-5-oxocyclohex-3-en-1-yl}acetate), C27H32O7, was isolated fromX. moluccensisseeds from Thailand. The conformations of the six-membered rings are distorted half-chair, chair and half-chair for the isolated cyclohexane, fused cyclohexane and lactone rings, respectively. In addition, the lactone ring bears in an equatorial orientation an essentially planar furan ring (r.m.s. deviation = 0.004 Å), which forms an angle of 63.87 (13)° with the mean plane defined by the ten atoms of the two fused six-membered rings (r.m.s. deviation = 0.213 Å). The absolute configuration was fixed on the basis of literature data.
(E)-N-Ethyl-2-[(E)-3-(hydroxyimino)butan-2-ylidene]hydrazinecarbothioamide
Authors: Abduelftah Halema Shaban , Ali Amna Qasem , Eltayeb Naser Eltaher , Teoh Siang Guan , Fun Hoong-Kun
Published: July 2012

In the crystal structure of the title compound, C7H14N4OS, molecules are linked through N—H...S and O—H...N hydrogen bonds and C—H...S interactions, forming chains propagating along [21-1].
[μ-2,2′-(1,4-Phenylene)diacetato-κ2O1:O4]bis[aqua(2,2′-bipyridine-κ2N,N′)chloridocopper(II)] dihydrate
Authors: Zhao Jin-He , Lin Yan-Xia , Wu Wei , Zhang Zhong
Published: July 2012

In the centrosymmetric title compound, [Cu2(C10H8O4)Cl2(C10H8N2)2(H2O)2]·2H2O, the CuIIatom is five-coordinated in a distorted square-pyramidal geometry by two N atoms from a chelating 2,2′-bipyridine ligand, one O atom from a 1,4-phenylenediacetate ligand, one Cl atom and one water molecule. The 1,4-phenylenediacetate ligand, lying on an inversion center, bridges two CuIIatoms. In the crystal, O—H...O and O—H...Cl hydrogen bonds and π–π interactions between the pyridine rings [centroid–centroid distance = 3.740 (5) Å] link the complex molecules and uncoordinated water molecules into a three-dimensional network.
PhenylN-(5-chloro-2-nitrophenyl)carbamate
Authors: Zou Bao-Hua , Fang Zheng , Zhong Hui , Kai Guo , Wei Ping
Published: July 2012

In the title compound, C13H9ClN2O4, the dihedral angle between the benzene rings is 79.5 (1)°. The mean plane of the carbamate group makes angles of 7.4 (2) and 73.6 (2)° with the mean planes of the two benzene rings. In the crystal, weak C—H...O interactions are observed between the molecules, connecting them into a two-dimensional network.
N-[4-Chloro-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-2,2-dimethylpropanamide
Authors: Zhou Yu , Ren Lili , Lu Yongyu , Zhang Feng , Chen Guoguang
Published: July 2012

In the title compound, C12H13ClF3NO, the C—C—N—C torsion angle between the benzene ring and the pivaloyl group is −33.9 (5)°. In the crystal, molecules are linkedviaN—H...O hydrogen bonds to form chains running parallel to thecaxis. Weak van der Waals interactions are also observed.
6-[4-(Diphenylamino)phenyl]quinoline 1-oxide
Authors: Wang Li-Zhi , Chi Yun , Li Xiang-Xiang , Guan Jian-Ning
Published: July 2012

In the title molecule, C27H20N2O, a triphenylamine derivative of quinoline, the three benzene rings linked through an N atom form a propeller shape, with dihedral angles between the mean planes of pairs of rings of 75.57 (9), 55.68 (9) and 83.66 (9)°. The quinoline ring is essentially planar, with an r.m.s. deviation of the fitted atoms of 0.0155 Å, and forms a dihedral angle of 33.52 (8)° with the benzene ring to which it is bonded. Weak C—H...π interactions are also observed in the crystal structure.
3-(Dihydroxyboryl)anilinium 6-carboxypyridine-2-carboxylate
Authors: Ge Chunhua , Zhang Xiangdong , Zhang Rui , Zhang Chenglong
Published: July 2012

In the anion of the title molecular salt, C6H9BNO2+·C7H4NO4−, the dihedral angles between the –COO2−and –CO2H groups and their attached ring are 4.02 (13) and 21.41 (10)°, respectively. The B atom in the cation adopts asyn–syngeometry and the dihedral angle between the –B(OH)2group and its attached ring is 11.06 (5)°. In the crystal, O—H...O, N—H...O and N—H...N hydrogen bonds link the components into a three-dimensional network.
rac-cis,cis-Dicarbonyldichlorido{1-[2-(diphenylphosphanyl)benzyl]-3-mesitylimidazol-2-ylidene}ruthenium(II) dichloromethane monosolvate
Authors: Domski Gregory J. , Hohenboken Sallie A. , Swenson Dale C.
Published: July 2012

The RuIIatom in the title compound, [RuCl2(C31H29N2P)(CO)2]·CH2Cl2, exhibits a distorted octahedral coordination environment. The bond angles of thecissubstituents at the RuIIatom range from 82.72 (9) to 97.20 (3)°. This molecule is of interest in the field of catalytic transfer hydrogenation.
1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,13,13,14,14-Dodecachloro-1,4,4a,4b,5,8,8a,12b-octahydro-1,4:5,8-dimethanotriphenylene at 90 K
Authors: Jenkins Brandon W. , Fronczek Frank R. , Watkins Steven F.
Published: July 2012

The previously reported room-temperature crystal structure [Jaud Baldy, Negrel, Poite & Chanon (1993).Z. Kristallogr.204, 289–291] of the title compound, C20H8Cl12, is monoclinic withZ′ = 1, whereas the 90 K structure reported herein is triclinic withZ′ = 2 and shows a 2% volume contraction. The crystallographically independent unit chosen consists of both enantiomers (Λ and Δ) of this propeller-like molecule. Both enantiomers display quasi-twofold symmetry, with average bond-length/bond-angle deviations of 0.0018 (4) Å and 0.41 (2)° for Λ, and 0.0026 (4) Å and 0.50 (2)° for Δ.
Chlorido(pyridine-κN)(5,10,15,20-tetraphenylporphyrinato-κ4N)cobalt(III) chloroform hemisolvate
Authors: Belghith Yassin , Daran Jean-Claude , Nasri Habib
Published: July 2012

In the title complex, [CoCl(C44H28N4)(C5H5N)]·0.5CHCl3or [CoIII(TPP)Cl(py)]·0.5CHCl3(where TPP is the dianion of tetraphenylporphyrin and py is pyridine), the average equatorial cobalt–pyrrole N atom bond length (Co—Np) is 1.958 (7) Å and the axial Co—Cl and Co—Npydistances are 2.2339 (6) and 1.9898 (17) Å, respectively. The tetraphenylporphyrinate dianion exhibits an important nonplanar conformation with major ruffling and saddling distortions. In the crystal, molecules are linkedviaweak C—H...π interactions. In the difference Fourier map, a region of highly disordered electron density was estimated using the SQUEEZE routine [PLATON; Spek (2009),Acta Cryst.D65, 148–155] to be equivalent to one half-molecule of CHCl3per molecule of the complex.
2-(2,3-Dimethylanilino)benzohydrazide
Authors: Fun Hoong-Kun , Chia Tze Shyang , Elsaman Tilal , Attia Mohamed I. , Abdel-Aziz Hatem A.
Published: July 2012

In the title compound, C15H17N3O, the dihedral angle between the benzene rings is 58.05 (9)°. The non-H atoms of the hydrazide group lie in a common plane (r.m.s. deviation = 0.0006 Å) and are close to coplanar with their attached benzene ring [dihedral angle = 8.02 (9)°]. An intramolecular N—H...O hydrogen bond generates anS(6) ring motif in the molecule, and a short intramolecular contact (H...H = 1.88 Å) is also observed. In the crystal, molecules are linked by pairs of N—H...N hydrogen bonds into inversion dimers. The crystal packing also features C—H...π interactions.
2-Anilino-4-(1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl)-5-(4-chlorobenzoyl)thiophene-3-carbonitrile
Authors: Fun Hoong-Kun , Chia Tze Shyang , Abdel-Aziz Hatem A.
Published: July 2012

In the title compound, C25H14ClN3OS2, the central thiophene ring [maximum deviation = 0.011 (1) Å] makes dihedral angles of 55.72 (5), 13.36 (5) and 46.77 (4)° with the adjacent chloro-substituted benzene ring, the benzene ring and the 1,3-benzothiazole ring system [maximum deviation = 0.012 (1) Å], respectively. An intramolecular C—H...S(thienyl) hydrogen bond generates anS(6) ring motif in the molecule. In the crystal, molecules are linked by pairs of N—H...N hydrogen bonds into inversion dimers and the dimers are further connected by C—H...O hydrogen bonds into tapes running along [100]. Aromatic π–π stacking interactions are also observed [centroid-to-centroid distances = 3.6116 (6) and 3.7081 (6) Å].
(1S,3R)-3-Isobutyl-2,3-dihydrospiro[benzo[f]isoindole-1,3′-indoline]-2′,4,9-trione methanol monosolvate
Authors: Sharma Garima , Kumar S. Vasanth , Wahab Habibah A. , Rosli Mohd Mustaqim , Fun Hoong-Kun
Published: July 2012

In the title compound, C23H20N2O3·CH3OH, the hexahydro-1H-benzo[f]isoindole and indoline rings are planar, with maximum deviations of 0.092 (1) and −0.095 (1) Å, respectively. The dihedral angle between these two rings is 88.03 (4)°. An O—H...N interaction links the main molecule and the methanol solvent molecule. An intramolecular C—H...O interaction forms anS(6) ring motif. In the crystal, the molecules form two-dimensional layers parallel to thebcplane through N—H...O and C—H...O interactions.
2,2-Bis(4-butoxyphenyl)-1,1,1-trichloroethane
Authors: Smith Graham
Published: July 2012

In the structure of the title compound, C22H27Cl3O2, which is the 4-butoxyphenyl analogue of the insecticidally active 4-methoxyphenyl compound methoxychlor, the dihedral angle between the two benzene rings is 79.61 (11)°. Present also in the structure is an intramolecular aromatic C—H...Cl interaction.
Diaqua[(1R,2S,4R,8R,9S,11R)-2,9-dimethyl-1,4,8,11-tetraazacyclotetradecane]nickel(II) dichloride dihydrate
Authors: Townsend James Alan , Desper John
Published: July 2012

The crystal structure of the title complex, [Ni(C12H28N4)(H2O)2]Cl2·2H2O, displays O—H...Cl and O—H...O hydrogen bonding. The tetraazacyclotetradecane ligand interacts with the NiIIatom in thecisV configuration and the final two ligand binding sites are occupied by water.
(R,E)-3-(4-Chlorophenyl)-1-phenylallyl 4-nitrobenzoate
Authors: Troshin Konstantin , Mayer Peter , Mayr Herbert
Published: July 2012

The title compound, C22H16ClNO4, adopts a conformation in which the phenyl ring plane forms similar dihedral angles with the nitrobenzoate C6ring [76.97 (8)°] and the chlorophenyl group [76.95 (8)°]; the dihedral angle between the chlorophenyl and nitrobenzoate rings is 66.43 (8)°. In the crystal, π–π stacking is observed between the latter two planes, with a dihedral angle of 1.79 (8)° and a centroid–centroid distance of 3.735 (1) Å. In addition, molecules are linked along [100] by weak C—H...O contacts.
N-(4-Chlorophenyl)-2,2-diphenylacetamide
Authors: Fun Hoong-Kun , Loh Wan-Sin , Nayak Prakash S , Narayana B. , Sarojini B. K.
Published: July 2012

In the title compound, C20H16ClNO, anS(6) ring motif is formedviaan intramolecular C—H...O hydrogen bond. The chloro-substituted benzene ring is almost perpendicular to the benzene rings, forming dihedral angles of 87.33 (9) and 88.69 (9)°. The dihedral angle between the benzene rings is 87.17 (9)°. In the crystal, molecules are linked into chains parallel to thecaxis by intermolecular N—H...O hydrogen bonds. The crystal packing also features weak C—H...π interactions involving the chloro-substituted ring.
2-(4-Bromophenyl)-N-(3-chloro-4-fluorophenyl)acetamide
Authors: Fun Hoong-Kun , Quah Ching Kheng , Nayak Prakash S. , Narayana B. , Sarojini B. K.
Published: July 2012

In the title compound, C14H10BrClFNO, the benzene rings form a dihedral angle of 64.0 (2)°. In the crystal, molecules are linkedviaintermolecular N—H...O, C—H...O, C—H...Cl and C—H...F hydrogen bonds into layers parallel to (001). The crystal was refined as a merohedral twin with a 0.935 (114):0.065 (14) domain ratio.
Bis(melaminium) succinate succinic acid monosolvate dihydrate
Authors: Froschauer Barbara , Weil Matthias
Published: July 2012

The asymmetric unit of the solvated title salt, 2C3H7N6+·C4H4O42−·C4H6O4·2H2O, contains one essentially planar melaminium (2,4,6-triamino-1,3,5-triazin-1-ium) cation (r.m.s. deviation of the non-H atoms = 0.0097 Å), one-half of a succinate anion, one-half of a succinic acid solvent molecule and one water molecule of crystallization; full molecules are generated by inversion symmetry. Supramolecular layers parallel to (12-1) are formed through extensive intermolecular hydrogen bonding of the types O—H...O, N—H...N and N—H...O between the components.
Fine‐scale biogeographical and temporal diversification processes of peacock swallowtails (Papilio subgenus Achillides) in the Indo‐Australian Archipelago
Authors: Condamine Fabien L. , Toussaint Emmanuel F.A. , Cotton Adam M. , Genson Gwenaelle S. , Sperling Felix A.H. , Kergoat Gael J.
Published: July 2012

© The Willi Hennig Society 2012.

Explanations for the high species diversity of the Indo‐Australian Archipelago are often challenged by the region’s complex climatic and geological histories. Here, we investigated the evolutionary history of swallowtail butterflies of the Papilio subgenus Achillides, comprising up to 25 recognized species and about 100 subspecies distributed across the Indo‐Australian Archipelago. To estimate the relative contributions of factors influencing their biodiversity, we used DNA sequences to infer the phylogeny and species limits of 22 species including most of their subspecies. We recovered a highly resolved and well‐supported phylogeny for the subgenus, and clarified some taxonomic ambiguities at the species level. The corresponding DNA‐based species phylogeny was then employed to reconstruct their historical biogeography using relaxed‐clock and parametric‐based analyses. Molecular dating and biogeographical analyses showed that Achillides originated around 19 Ma in Sunda + Wallacea. Biogeographical reconstructions indicated that geological vicariance shaped the early evolutionary history of Achillides whereas dispersal influenced late diversification. Birth–death likelihood analyses allowed exploration of their tempo and mode of diversification. We detected several shifts in diversification rates that are attributable to past climate‐induced biogeographical events. By assessing both regional and fine‐scale biodiversity patterns, this study brings new findings to a biogeographical understanding of the Indo‐Australian Archipelago.
Characterization of norovirus infections in Seoul, Korea
Authors: Park Sanghun , Jung Jihun , Oh Seah , Jung Hyowon , Oh Younghee , Cho Seokju , Cho SeogJu , Cho Sungja , Park Hyongsug , Jo Namsook , Bae Kyungwon , Choi Sungmin , Kim Bogsoon , Kim Junghun , Chae Youngzoo , Jung Haesook , Cheon Doosung , Kim Hyunsoo
Published: July 2012

The present study has determined the detection rate of norovirus (NoV) with acute gastroenteritis (AGE) in hospitalized children and describes the molecular epidemiology of NoV circulating in Seoul, Korea. Six hundred and eighty‐three (9.8%) of samples were positive for NoV. Of these, the NoV GII genogroup was the most commonly found, with a prevalence of 96.2% (683 of 710). Only 27 samples were positive for the NoV GI genogroup. Ten kinds of GI genotype (GI/1, GI/2, GI/3, GI/4, GI/5, GI/6, GI/7, GI/9, GI/12, and GI/13) and eight kinds of GII genotype (GII/2, GII/3, GII/4, GII/8, GII/14, GII/15, GII/16, and GII/17) were identified in children with AGE during the years 2008–2011.
Dried blood spots and sparse sampling: a practical approach to estimating pharmacokinetic parameters of caffeine in preterm infants
Authors: Patel Parul , Mulla Hussain , Kairamkonda Venkatesh , Spooner Neil , Gade Sonya , Della Pasqua Oscar , Field David J. , Pandya Hitesh C.
Published: July 2012

Aims

Dried blood spots (DBS) alongside micro‐analytical techniques are a potential solution to the challenges of performing pharmacokinetic (PK) studies in children. However, DBS methods have received little formal evaluation in clinical settings relevant to children. The aim of the present study was to determine a PK model for caffeine using a ‘DBS/microvolume platform’ in preterm infants.

Methods

DBS samples were collected prospectively from premature babies receiving caffeine for treatment of apnoea of prematurity. A non‐linear mixed effects approach was used to develop a population PK model from measured DBS caffeine concentrations. Caffeine PK parameter estimates based on DBS data were then compared with plasma estimates for agreement.

Results

Three hundred and thirty‐eight DBS cards for caffeine measurement were collected from 67 preterm infants (birth weight 0.6–2.11 kg). 88% of cards obtained were of acceptable quality and no child had more than 10 DBS samples or more than 0.5 ml of blood taken over the study period. There was good agreement between PK parameters estimated using caffeine concentrations from DBS samples (CL = 7.3 ml h−1 kg−1; V = 593 ml kg−1; t1/2 = 57 h) and historical caffeine PK parameter estimates based on plasma samples (CL = 4.9–7.9 ml h−1 kg−1; V = 640–970 ml kg−1; t1/2 = 101–144 h). We also found that changes in blood haematocrit may significantly confound estimates of caffeine PK parameters based on DBS data.

Conclusions

This study demonstrates that DBS methods can be applied to PK studies in a vulnerable population group and are a practical alternative to wet matrix sampling techniques.
Treatment of young patients with Philadelphia chromosome‐positive acute lymphoblastic leukaemia using increased dose of imatinib and deintensified chemotherapy before allogeneic stem cell transplantation
Authors: Ribera Josep‐María , García Olga , Montesinos Pau , Brunet Salut , Abella Eugenia , Barrios Manuel , González‐Campos José , Bravo Pilar , Amigo Maria‐Luz , Hernández‐Rivas Jesús‐María
Published: July 2012

The main outcomes of the Programa Español para Tratamiento de Hemopatías (PETHEMA)‐acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL)‐Ph‐08 trial were described and compared with those of the historical PETHEMA‐CSTIBES02 trial. The trials differed in imatinib dose (600 vs. 400 mg/d) and amount of chemotherapy (one vs. two consolidation cycles) before stem cell transplantation (SCT). All patients (n = 29) enrolled in the ALL‐Ph‐08 trial achieved complete remission (CR) (vs. 90% in CSTIBES02), and SCT was performed in CR in 90% (vs. 78%). The reduction in early death, relapse before SCT and transplant‐related mortality observed in the ALL‐Ph‐08 trial resulted in an improved 2‐year event‐free survival (63% vs. 37%, P = 0·009).
Contrasting effects of climatic variability on the demography of a trans‐equatorial migratory seabird
Authors: Genovart Meritxell , Sanz‐Aguilar Ana , Fernández‐Chacón Albert , Igual Jose M. , Pradel Roger , Forero Manuela G. , Oro Daniel
Published: July 2012

Large‐scale seasonal climatic indices, such as the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) index or the Southern Oscillation Index (SOI), account for major variations in weather and climate around the world and may influence population dynamics in many organisms. However, assessing the extent of climate impacts on species and their life‐history traits requires reliable quantitative statistical approaches.

We used a new analytical tool in mark–recapture, the multi‐event modelling, to simultaneously assess the influence of climatic variation on multiple demographic parameters (i.e. adult survival, transient probability, reproductive skipping and nest dispersal) at two Mediterranean colonies of the Cory's shearwater
Calonectris diomedea, a trans‐equatorial migratory long‐lived seabird. We also analysed the impact of climate in the breeding success at the two colonies.

We found a clear temporal variation of survival for Cory's shearwaters, strongly associated to the large‐scale SOI especially in one of the colonies (up to 66% of variance explained). Atlantic hurricane season is modulated by the SOI and coincides with shearwater migration to their wintering areas, directly affecting survival probabilities. However, the SOI was a better predictor of survival probabilities than the frequency of hurricanes; thus, we cannot discard an indirect additive effect of SOI via food availability. Accordingly, the proportion of transients was also correlated with SOI values, indicating higher costs of first reproduction (resulting in either mortality or permanent dispersal) when bad environmental conditions occurred during winter before reproduction.

Breeding success was also affected by climatic factors, the NAO explaining c. 41% of variance, probably as a result of its effect in the timing of peak abundance of squid and small pelagics, the main prey for shearwaters. No climatic effect was found either on reproductive skipping or on nest dispersal.

Contrarily to what we expect for a long‐lived organism, large‐scale climatic indexes had a more pronounced effect on survival and transient probabilities than on less sensitive fitness parameters such reproductive skipping or nest dispersal probabilities. The potential increase in hurricane frequency because of global warming may interact with other global change agents (such as incidental bycatch and predation by alien species) nowadays impacting shearwaters, affecting future viability of populations.
Seasonal variation in competition and coexistence ofAedesmosquitoes: stabilizing effects of egg mortality or equalizing effects of resources?
Authors: O'Neal Paul A. , Juliano Steven A.
Published: July 2012

Theory shows that fluctuation of environmental conditions can produce temporal niches for inferior competitors that mitigate effects of interspecific competition and facilitate long‐term persistence of poor competitors.

In southFlorida, the mosquitoesAedes albopictusandAedes aegyptioften co‐occur in water‐filled containers despiteA. albopictusbeing competitively superior toA. aegypti. We tested the hypothesis that seasonal fluctuation in environmental conditions reduces or reverses competitive asymmetry between the species and contributes to persistence of the poorer competitor via stabilizing or equalizing effects.

During theFlorida wet and dry seasons, we manipulated mosquito egg exposure to desiccation before inducing hatching and allowing surviving larvae to compete for 59 days. The effect of season also incorporated seasonal fluctuations in resource input to experimental containers.

For both species, composite index of population performance (λ') was greater in the dry season than in the wet season, indicating strong seasonal effects on population dynamics.Aedes albopictuswas not affected by competition in either season.Aedes aegyptiwas negatively affected by interspecific competition in the wet season.

Aedes aegyptiegg survival was unaffected by exposure to the different experimental environments. There was a small reduction inA. albopictusegg survival in the wet season, but this reduction was unrelated to effects onλ', indicating fluctuation in the egg environment did not contribute to dry season release from competition.

Detritus resource inputs were over three times greater in the dry season than in the wet season. Given the relatively small effect of environment on egg survival, these results suggest that seasonal differences in population performance are driven primarily by per‐capita food availability.

Large inputs of detritus in the dry season appear to reduce competition and produce similar responses in both species. This result suggests that seasonal variation contributes to coexistence ofA. albopictusandA. aegyptias a fitness‐equalizing factor.
Parent and child experiences using a hydrophilic or reused PVC catheter for intermittent catheterisation
Authors: Chick Hope E , Hunter Kathleen F , Moore Katherine N
Published: July 2012

Aims and objectives.  To highlight the challenges faced in adjusting to intermittent catheterisation for families and children affected by spina bifida.

Background.  Toileting is a particular issue for children with spina bifida resulting in difficulty emptying their bladder. Management of incomplete emptying is intermittent catheterisation, which is now part of routine clinical care. The physical benefits of intermittent catheterisation are critical to renal health, and significant attention has been paid to this; less attention has been given to the personal aspects for the family or older child.

Design.  A descriptive study of satisfaction with two products for intermittent catheterisation: polyvinyl chloride and hydrophilic catheters based on data obtained from a randomised controlled trial on urinary tract infections in catheter users.

Methods.  At the end of each of the polyvinyl chloride and hydrophilic study arms, parents or older children completed a ‘Satisfaction Questionnaire’ and then participated in a follow‐up interview. Data were analysed for emerging themes.

Conclusions.  Three themes emerged: adjustment, ease of use and self‐reliance. Key findings include: increased independence and confidence of the child catheterising using the hydrophilic catheter, self‐management strategies to successfully manipulate the slippery hydrophilic catheter and reasons for the lack of success, and identification of participants who preferred polyvinyl chloride catheters. Descriptive data revealed potential areas where a hydrophilic catheter could improve the lives of the family and child as well as noting the need for user choice in product selection.

Relevance to clinical practice.  Listening to the stories of children and families increases the nurse’s ability to act as a guide as families struggle to assist their children in reaching their potential. Incontinence has been demonstrated to be the cause of self‐isolation potentially leading to a decreased sense of self‐worth. Ambulatory care nurses play a large role in helping families find the routine and resources necessary to reduce the incidence of incontinence, in children with spina bifida.
In‐hospital mortality after serious adverse events on medical and surgical nursing units: a mixed methods study
Authors: De Meester Koen , Van Bogaert Peter , Clarke Sean P , Bossaert Leo
Published: July 2012

Aims and objectives.  To investigate the circumstances of nursing care eight hours before serious adverse events (=SAE’s) on medical and surgical nursing units with subsequent in‐hospital mortality in order to identify the extent to which these SAE’s were potentially preventable.

Background.  The prevention of SAE ‘s in acute care is coming under increasing scrutiny, while the role nursing care plays in the prevention of acute critical deterioration of patients is unclear.

Methods.  Retrospective review of patient records of 63 SAE’s in a Belgian teaching hospital where death was the final outcome following a cardiac arrest team call or unplanned ICU admission from an acute care unit. Data from chart reviews were combined with data regarding working conditions on the nursing unit at the time of the events and experts’ opinions regarding the preventability of the outcomes. Finally, a pilot survey of staff nurses about their experiences with deteriorating patients and knowledge of vital signs and call criteria was conducted independently of the chart abstractions and case reviews.

Results.  Experts were almost five times more likely to designate a case as potentially preventable when a cardiac arrest team call was the terminal event and were 40% less likely to designate a case as potentially preventable when more observations were documented in patient records. Survey results revealed that nurses were often unaware that their patients were deteriorating before the crisis. Nurses also reported threshold levels for concern for abnormal vital signs that suggested they would call for assistance relatively late in clinical crises.

Conclusion.  Renewed attention to accurate recording, documentation and interpretation of vital signs in hospital nursing practice appears needed.

Relevance to clinical practice.  Timely detection of deteriorating patients to assist staff to improve their outcomes appears to be jeopardised by a number of practices and factors and merits deeper study.