bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Multi-Layer Pressure Vessel Contact Analysis
Authors: Zhen Liang , Jiang Nan
Published: May 2011

The multi-layer pressure vessel generates the preload stress during the process of wrapping & clamping. The contact between the wrapped layers and the inner shell is the source of the preload stress. The contact mechanics model shows the primary mechanics relationship, and the contact pressure vessel causes the local settlement. The theory contact pressure has 5% error with simulation value. The experiment values of inner wall are coincided with the theory stresses, and the largest error between the theory and the experiment is below 16.3%.
N-Doped TiO2 Hollow Spheres with Enhanced Visible-Light Photocatalytic Activity for Water Purification
Authors: Lin Xiao Xia , Fu De Gang
Published: May 2011

N-doped TiO2hollow spheres (labeled as NTH) were prepared using hydrophilic colloidal carbon spheres as template in conjunction with the sol-gel method. The hollow spheres were characterized by XRD, SEM, UV-Vis and XPS. Photocatalytic activity of N-doped TiO2hollow spheres was determined by degradation of Reactive Brilliant Red dye X-3B (C.I. reactive red 2) under visible light irradiation. The photocatalytic activity of the sample enhanced a lot compared to commercial P25 TiO2. The apparent rate constant of the N-doped TiO2hollow spheres was almost 10 times as that of P25 TiO2.
An EIS Study of the Corrosion Behavior of Arc Spraying Al-RE Coating in Salt Spray Test
Authors: Liu Yi , Wei Shi Cheng , Wang Yu Jiang , Xu Bin Shi
Published: May 2011

The corrosion behavior of Al-RE coating in copper accelerated acetic acid salt spray test (CASS) was studied by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). Typical EIS spectral changes were clearly observed during the CASS process. The EIS was shown to be a very useful tool for studying corrosion resistance mechanism. Scanning electron microscope and X-ray energy dispersive spectroscopy were used to analyze the microstructure of Al-RE coatings before and after CASS test. The results revealed that the corrosion behavior of Al-RE coating could be divided into two different stages. In the first stage of CASS, there were two capacitive impedance semicircles in the complex plane plots. The high frequency semicircle responded to barrier layer, the low frequency semicircle responded to the electrochemical reaction of Al-RE coating. In the second stage of CASS, porous layer began to influence the electrochemical behavior.
A Novel Strategy to Prepare PMOs with High Loading of Organic Species by Releasing Organic Precursor
Authors: Du Bin , Ding Fei , Dong Ming Ming , Liu Shuang Xi
Published: May 2011

In this paper a novel strategy that aimed to coordinate the hydrolysis rates of different silanes was used to prepare PMOs. Attribute to the organic precursor released from the CH2Cl2 phase, the hydrolytic process of organosilane was obviously changed in the water-surfactant system. Consequently, the hydrolysis rates of different silanes do well match in a macroscopic level. These PMO materials were characterized by TEM and powder XRD. All the results indicated that large organic functionalized PMO materials with highly ordered hexagonal mesostructure and high loading of organic species were successfully prepared, while the 29Si MAS NMR experiment proved the organic species had been incorporated into the framework.
Numerical Study of Large Diameter Butterfly Valve on Flow Characteristics
Authors: Wang Xiao Dong , Dong Jing Liang , Wang Tian
Published: May 2011

A numerical approach was used to investigate the flow characteristics around a butterfly valve with the diameter of 2108 mm by the commercial computational fluid dynamics (CFD) code FLUENT6.3. The simulation was carried out to predict flow field structure, flow resistance coefficient, hydrodynamics torque and so on, when the large diameter butterfly valve operated at various opening degrees. The three-dimensional simulation results shown that there are vortexes presented near valve back region as the opening degree smaller than 40 degree; the flow resistance coefficient reduces rapidly with the increasing of opening degree and the resistance coefficient is quite small as the angle larger than 50 degree; the hydrodynamic torque reduces with the increasing of opening degree and the hydrodynamic torque is smaller than 20% of maximum torque; the torque ratio and the pressure drop ratio are reduce with the increasing of opening degree, the pressure drop ratio reduces rapidly as the opening degree is smaller than 50 degree.
Influence of Catalyst for Synthesis of Carbon Nanofibers from the Flame
Authors: Liu Yuan Chao , Sun Bao Min
Published: May 2011

Carbon nanofibers synthesis from the flame is a new method. The method needs simple laboratory equipments and normal atmosphere pressure. The experimental system is introduced. Carbon source is the carbon monoxide and the nitric acid nickel is served as catalyst. The carbon nanofibers were characterized by scanning electron microscope and transmission electron microscope. Carbon nanofibers with less impurity were captured successfully in the flame. The diameter of carbon nanofibers was approximate from one to two hundred nanometers, and its length was dozens of microns. The growth process and mechanism of carbon nanofiber from the flame is very complicated. The influence of catalyst can reveal the growth mechanism of carbon nanofiber. This study aims to examine the catalyst formation condition for carbon nanofibers in pyrolysis flame and to characterize the morphology. Carbon nanofibers with less impurity can be prepared when the diameter of catalyst in is between twenty and thirty nanometers. The catalyst particle size can determine the morphology of carbon nanofibers.
Synthesis of Nitrogen-Doped ZnO Nanocrystallites and its Novel Catalytic Activity on Ammonium Perchlorate
Authors: Zheng Min , Wang Zuo Shan , Wang Qing
Published: May 2011

Nitrogen-doped zinc oxide (N-doped ZnO) nanocrystallites were synthesized via improved one-step combustion technique by using citric acid as additive. Scan electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) were used to determine the grain size, shape, degree of nitrogen incorporation and nature of the resultant oxynitride chemical bonding. The catalytic performance of N-doped ZnO on the thermal decomposition of ammonium perchlorate (AP) was investigated by DSC-TG technique. The results show that the as-synthesized N-doped ZnO has uniform crystallite size about 20-30nm in diameter and 1.25%wt nitrogen incorporation, which forms into NO bonding region in ZnO crystal lattice. The nitrogen doping is accountable for the significant increase in catalytic activity on the thermal decomposition of AP versus the commercial nanometer ZnO and the thermal decomposition peak shifts 133°C downward when the content of N-doped ZnO in AP is 3%wt.
Study on Pyrolysis Behavior of Yttrium Oxalate and Kinetic of Yttria Grain Grown
Authors: Wu Hong Da , Lei Li , Jia Ying Gui , Gui Xin
Published: May 2011

The precursor of yttria was prepared by yttrium nitrate and ammonium oxalate in water solution. Pyrolysis behavior of the precursor and the characterization of yttria phase transformation were studied through thermoanalysis. The grain growth kinetic behavior of yttria nanopowders was investigated by the X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) result of the powders obtained through roasting the precursor. Pattern of the yttria powders and agglomeration of its grain were measured by means of SEM and laser particle size analysis methods. The results suggested that cubic crystal phase yttria could be obtained by sample calcination for 1 h under 823 K. When the precursor was calcined under conditions of temperature ranging from 823 K to 1173 K, yttria grain ranging 7 nm ~ 16 nm could be obtained ,with grain growth exponent of n< 0.2 . In addition , an significant increase in grain-growth-rate constant was observed as the temperature went up. The higher temperature, the faster growth. Grain growth activation energy was different in low-temperature and high-temperature fields. The activation energy was 77.42 kJ•mol-1 when the temperature was lower than 965 K, and became 524.36 kJ•mol-1 when the temperature was higher than 965 K. Yttria powders is highly dispersed whose agglomerates sized about 400 nm after being dispered in deionezed water.
Study on Synthesis Nanomicrostructures of Zinc Borate (Zn3B6O12•3.5H2O) with Different Morphologies
Authors: Ren Hui , Cao You Ming , Lei Zhou Qiao
Published: May 2011

The crystal zinc borate (Zn3B6O12·3.5H2O) nano-strips and nano-flakes were successfully prepared by a wet method using boric acid (H3BO3) and Zn(NO3)2·H2O as raw materials in situ aqueous solution, and triethanolamine as the modifying agent. The nano/microstructures and morphologies of the as-obtained samples were studied by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) equipped with an energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer (EDS) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). It had been found that the as-prepared materials displayed nanostrips with average length from 100 to 200nm and the thicknesses about 30nm as well as nanoflakes with diameter about 4μm and thickness about several nanometers morphology.
Preparation of Tetracycline Microparticles Based on Supercritical Fluid Technique
Authors: Zhang Yan Jie , Liu Xue Wu , Yang Yan Fang , Zhou Zhi Zun
Published: May 2011

Inhalation administration requests the microparticles with appropriate average diameters and narrow diameter distribution. In this paper, the tetracycline microparticles suitable for inhalation administration were prepared successfully by Supercritical anti-solvent (SAS) process developed in recent years. A continuous SAS process had been adopted to prepare the micro-particles of tetracycline using ethanol as solvent and supercritical CO2as anti-solvent. The effects of pressure, temperature, solution concentration and nozzle diameter on the morphology, size and size distribution of the particles were investigated. The results showed that tetracycline micro-particles with diameters range of 20nm to 40nm could be obtained by SAS continuous process when ethanol was used as organic solvent at the experimental operation parameters of the pressure of 15MPa, the temperature of 35°C, the solution concentration of 5mg/ml and the nozzle diameter of 75µm. The nano-particles of tetracycline prepared by the above continuous SAS process can be used for alveolus targeting drug delivery and the preparation of sustained-releases micro-spheres
Sulfite Pretreatment (SPORL) for Robust Enzymatic Saccharification of Corn Stalks
Authors: Wang Gao Sheng , Yu Meng Hui , Zhu J. Y.
Published: May 2011

This study demonstrates sulfite pretreatment to overcome recalcitrance of lignocellulose (SPORL) for robust bioconversion of corn stalks. With only about 3% sodium bisulfite charge on corn stalks and 30 min pretreatment at temperature 180°C, SPORL can achieve near complete cellulose conversion to glucose in 48h enzymatic hydrolysis. Sulfuric acid charge has great effect on SPORL pretreatment. Enzymatic cellulose conversion of substrate increased with the increase in acid charge under the studied conditions. Bisulfite with different counter-ions can be used in the SPORL. Magnesium as counter ion was found to be more effective on enzymatic hydrolysis of substrate than sodium or ammonium.
Research on Solubilization of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes by Functionalization
Authors: Peng Zhihong
Published: May 2011

Carbon nanotubes is a current subject of intense research for their special structures, good conductivity, well mechanic and semicondcutor property. But the lack of solubility and the difficult manipulation in any solvents and aqueous have imposed great limitations to the use of carbon nanotubes. The chemical functionalization of can solved these problem, can be grouped into covalent modification and noncovalent modification. we review their researching progress in these and summarize their application.
Influence of Reaction Parameters on Synthesis of Silver Palmitate with Double Jet Method
Authors: Li Ya Ling , Yang Xiao Ling , Liu Guang Fei , Zhang Guo Qing , Liu Tong
Published: May 2011

Silver plamitate was prepared with double jet method using palmitic acid, sodium hydroxide, silver nitrate as raw materials and PVP as surfactant. Effects of experimental conditions such as reaction system, reaction temperature and amount of PVP were investigated. The morphology of silver palmitate was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Results show that the optimum reaction parameters are that the ratio of water to alcohol is 2:1, the reaction temperature is 75°C and the amount of PVP is 0.07g.
Preparation of Gardenia Red Pigment by Hydrolysis of Geniposidic Acid with Co-Immobilized Enzyme
Authors: Xie Jian Hong , Liang Hua Zheng , Xu You Zhi , Tang Bo Chen
Published: May 2011

Geniposidic acid is hydrolyzed to produce genipinic acid by the co-immobilized enzyme,and the type of amino acids which react with genipinic acid to produce gardenia red pigment and some reaction conditions are optimized,we also studied on the methods of purifying gardenia red pigment by macroporous resin. Optimized conditions are: pH of reaction solution of genipinic acid and amino acid is 4.0, the temperature is 40 °C, reaction time is 42 hr, glutamic acid is better for producing gardenia red pigment than other amino acids, molar ratio of glutamic acid and genipinic acid is 2:1,molar ratio of citric acid and genipinic acid is 6:1.Gardenia red pigment is adsorbed by HPD100 macroporous resin,then elute by ammonia water of pH 11, the eluent is dried under 50°C,the violet black powder is obtained,it’s color value can reach 92.32 (E1%1cm,528nm). To prepare gardenia red pigment from geniposidic acid by the co-immobilized enzyme has advantages of low cost, environmental friendly and easy to mass production.
Core Cross-Linked Polyethylene Glycol Oleate Micelles as Novel Drug Carriers
Authors: Guo Yan Ling , Wang Bao Qi , Zhao Jun , Cui Zhao Shan
Published: May 2011

Polyethylene Glycol Oleate was synthesized by esterification of polyethylene glycol and Oil acid using DMAP as a catalyst. The double bonds of the product in the core of micelles were cross-linked by the initiation of (NH4)2S2O8 during the micelles formed. Applications of the noncross-linked and cross-linked polyethylene glycol oleate in drug delivery were studied, which indicates that drug efficiency decreased after micelles were core cross-linked, but release rate of MTX from core cross-linked micelles seems slower than that from noncross-linked micelles.
Antibacterial Properties of M3+-TiO2 Thin Films by RF Magnetron Co-Sputtering
Authors: Zhang Hui Jun , Liu Ting Shan , Cheng Jing Liang , Wen Dian Zhong , Hatta Akimitsu
Published: May 2011

In order to study Antibacterial properties of nanometer TiO2thin films, nanometer M3+-TiO2films have been prepared on glass by RF magnetron co-sputtering method. The films were characterized by SEM, XRD, and AFM. The influence of Fe, Sb elements and calcination temperature on the films structure was investigated. The bactericidal activity for the bacteria cells was estimated by relative number of bacteria survived calculated from the number of viable cells which from colonies on the nutrient agar plates. The nanometer M3+-TiO2thin films exhibited a high antibacterial activity, which was enhanced with the increase of the temperature of thermal treatment and formation of anatase crystalline structure.
Preparation of Genipin by Hydrolysis of Geniposide with Co-Immobilized Enzyme
Authors: Liang Hua Zheng , Chen He , Wang Jian Feng , He Yu Lan
Published: May 2011

Co-immobilize enzyme by cross-linking and embedding, optimize conditions for immobilizing, determinate the enzymatic properties of co-immobilized enzyme and study the methods for preparation of genipin using co-immobilized enzyme to hydrolyze geniposide. Optimized immobilizing conditions include glutaraldehyde concentration being 0.15%, cross-linking temperature being 20°C, cross-linking time being 2 hours, the activity of co-immobilized β-glucosidase and cell reaches to 65.33U/mg and the enzyme activity recovery being 52.63%. Enzymatic properties of co-immobilized enzyme are following: optimum temperature is 55°C and optimum pH is 5.0. The transformation experiments are carried out with co-immobilized enzyme. The results show that half-life of co-immobilized enzyme reaches around 40 days, higher than the normal immobilized enzyme. The conversion rate of geniposide is above 95% after 8 hours. The genipin is isolated, purified and recrystallized to reach more than 98% of purity by High Performance Liquid Chromatography. Advantages to prepare genipin using co-immobilized enzyme include low cost, high yield, environmental friendly and easy to manufacturing.
The Comparative Study of Two Kinds of Nano-Antimicrobials’ Antibacterial Properties
Authors: Chen Shao Juan , Wang Zai Li
Published: May 2011

The thesis selected nano-titanium dioxide compound silver antibacterial and thulium compound nanometer antibacterial as research object, whose application are the widest. Their characters to resist staphylococcus aureus, colon bacillus and Candida albicans were studied by qualitative analysis, quantitative analysis and TEM. The study indicated that nano-titanium dioxide compound silver antibacterial is dissolving antibacterial and thulium compound nanometer antibacterial is non-dissolving antibacterial. These two kinds of antimicrobials both have a minimal inhibitory concentration of the three kinds of bacteria. Different nano-antimicrobials act on bacteria, the changes of bacteria’s shape are different, and this indicates the mechanism of action is different.
Catalytic Behaviours of MCM41 with High Content of Copper in NO+CO Reaction
Authors: Li Sha , Yang Yuan , Zhang Ying Jie , Kong Yan
Published: May 2011

The influences of space velocity, temperature and copper content in Cu-MCM41 catalysts with high copper content up to 26.1wt.% on the catalytic activity in NO reduction by CO were investigated. Results indicated 1) the prepared materials exhibited excellent activity for NO+CO reaction, 2) the catalytic activities increased with the copper contents and NO can be fully converted to N2 for the catalyst containing 26.1wt.% Cu with the space velocity of 30,000ml•g-1•h-1 at 673K to 823K, 3) catalytic activities of the original catalysts with the temperature were volcano-type curves, however, it increased straightly with temperature over the catalysts after reacting at 723K for 1h, which might be attributed to the different active sites and different catalytic mechanisms of the catalysts at lower and higher temperature, 4) the catalytic activity did not decline after reacting at 723K for 20 h in a reactant gas mixture of 33,000 ppm NO and 66,000 ppm CO.
A Novel Method to Immobilize Magnetic Nanospheres with Metal Ions for the Adsorption of Bovine Hemoglobin
Authors: Zheng Wen Rui , Xu Jing Li
Published: May 2011

The magnetite (Fe3O4) nanoparticles with immobilized metal affinity ligands were prepared for protein adsorption. First, magnetite nanoparticles were synthesized by hydrothermal method. Charged with Zn2+, the magnetic nanospheres were applied to adsorb bovine hemoglobin (BHb). The morphology and magnetic properties of magnetic nanospheres were investigated by TEM. These magnetic nanospheres modified with metal ligands can be used efficiently in protein affinity separation and purification.
Synthesis of Mesoporous Silica Coated Magnetic Microspheres on Large Scale
Authors: Zheng Wen Rui , Xu Jing Li
Published: May 2011

We present a simple method to synthesize the mesoporous Fe3O4@SiO2 via two-step procedure on large scale, and CTAB plays dual role in the sol-gel reaction. First it can prevent the Fe3O4 from depositing, ensure to obtain silica homogenouly coated Fe3O4. What’s more important, it also act as the template to synthesize the mesoporous Fe3O4@SiO2. In addition, the mesoporous Fe3O4@SiO2 will be potential in application of bioseparation.
Optimum Parameters for Fining Extract of Garlic Soluble Solids with Acidic Silica and Bentonite
Authors: Huang Xue Song , Cheng Jin Ling
Published: May 2011

To produce dried garlic soluble solids extract (GSSE), the method of the economical and rapid method of fining fructan extracts solution was investigated. The acidic silica sol and the bentonite as fining reagents at different concentrations were added into the garlic juice at soluble solids (SS) 6%,12% and 15% (W/W) and at pH 4, 5, 6, 7. The results showed that pH values affected fining firstly, and silcan sol did secondly at SS = 12% but bentonited did secondly at SS = 15%. When silica sol and bentonite were added at 0.2% and 0.1% (V/V), respectively, and at pH 4, the clarifying operation not only reached an acceptable yield of protein precipitate and other impurities, but it was also economically viable. It is concluded that acceptable fining parameters waries based on the GSSE and could be obtained according to the test for the producing dried GSSE as the source of fructan.
Ordered Mesoporous SBA-15 for Controlled Release of Water-Insolube Drug
Authors: Tao Jun Jie , Xu Yun Qiang , Zhou Guo Wei , Wu Cui Cui , Song Hong Bin , Wang Chun Feng
Published: May 2011

Ordered mesoporous SBA-15 was synthesized through hydrothermal process under acidic condition. The material was characterized by means of scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), small-angle X-ray diffraction (SAXRD), and N2 adsorption-desorption. The results indicated that SBA-15 has 2-dimensional hexagonal p6mm mesoscopic structure and well-ordered parallel mesochannel. The as-obtained mesoporous silica was used for controlled release of water-insolube drug emodin. The loading capacity could achieve 6.64 mg/g, and the release profiles that studied in phosphate buffered saline (PBS, pH = 7.4) showed that released amount of emodin was 95.8 % after 48 h.
Explore on Pressure-Drop Performance of Nanofibrous Filtration Membrane
Authors: Wang Han , Yang Zuo Yi , Liu Jin Yong , Zheng Gao Feng , Chen Ling Min
Published: May 2011

High filtration efficiency of nanofibrous membrane has been proved in air filtration area, but, in addition to filtration efficiency, pressure drop is another important characteristic of fibrous filter. Because pressure-drop is related to energy wastage of filtration, it’s necessary to study. While there are not enough studies dedicated to pressure-drop of nanofibrous membrane filters. Here, different thickness PVA nanofibrous membranes were made by electrospinning, and they deposited on cotton scaffolds to form nanofibrous filter samples. Through testing these samples, we found as thickness of nanofibrous membrane increased, pressure-drop rose almost linearly, while filtration efficiency presented a different change trend. When thickness of nanofibrous membrane reaching a point, filtration efficiency attained extreme limit, even if increasing thickness nanofibrous membrane, filtration efficiency only rose limitedly, but pressure-drop still increased rapidly. At the same time, we found despite the thickness of nanofibrous membrane was thinner than conventional fibrous filter, pressure-drop of nanofibrous filter was obviously higher than conventional fibrous filter. So it’s remarkable phenomena. Through theoretical analysis and simulation, the causation of high pressure-drop of nanofibrous filter was discussed and provided. Decreasing diameter of fiber caused resistance performance change. It’s necessary to carry on a further research.
Preparation Cell Scaffolds with Well Defined Pore Structure Through Elastic Porogen/Pressure Filtration
Authors: Qi Qian Qian , Chen Ji Da , Gao Su Zhao , Bu Juan , Qiu Zhi Ping
Published: May 2011

Tissue engineering involves the use of living cells and cell scaffolds to develop biological substitutes for tissue replacements, it is one of promising ways for rehabilitation and reconstruction functional tissue and organs. In order to engineer substitutes for tissue replacements, cell scaffolds with specific shape and pore structure are required. A novel “elastic porogen/pressure filtration technique” was put forward and studied firstly in this paper to overcome the disadvantages of the existed techniques for cell scaffold fabrication. The properties of elastic porogen (deformation ratio, water solubility, appearance and dimension) and pore structure of scaffolds were studied, respectively. The experimental results demonstrated that the scaffolds with well defined pore structure can be formed through this novel technique, and the pore shape and sizes as well as size of openings between pores could be manual controlled conveniently. The pore structure and morphology of scaffolds were satisfied to the requirements of tissue engineering, which suggested that elastic porogen/pressure filtration technique was an ideal cell scaffold forming technique.
Preparation of Silk Fibroin Microspheres
Authors: Wang Lu , Xia Zhen Ran , Lv Lin Lin , Tang Qiang , Li Ming Zhong
Published: May 2011

TheBombyx morisilk fibroin microspheres with controllable size were prepared by electrostatic spraying and freeze-drying method. The effects of solution concentration, voltage and flow rate on the sphere size were discussed. The morphology of microspheres was observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The influence of ethanol treatment on the molecular conformation of silk fibroin microspheres was investigated by XRD and FT-IR spectra. The results indicated that the silk fibroin microspheres with diameter in range of 117-363 μm were spherical in shape, and there were plenty of pores both on the surface and in the interior of the microspheres. The sphere size increased with the rising of silk fibroin solution concentration and flow rate, while decreased as the voltage enhanced. The conformation of silk fibroin microspheres changed from random coil to silk II structure after ethanol treatment.
Mineralization of a Bioactive Si-Ca-P System Wet Gel in Aqueous K2HPO4 Solution
Authors: Feng Zhi Qiang , Guo Jia Zhe , Li Ya Dong , Huang Yan Lin
Published: May 2011

A bioactive Si-Ca-P system (designated 58S) wet gel was prepared via a sol-gel method. The wet gel was reacted continuously in 0.25M K2HPO4solution with a starting pH value of 9.0 at 37 °C for different time. The structural and compositional changes resulting from the conversion reaction were characterized using X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and inductive coupled plasma spectroscopy. The results indicated that the induction period for the CDHA nucleation on the surface of the 58S bioactive wet gel was about 3 days. The conversion mechanism of the products was also discussed.
Experimental Study of the First Pyrolysis of Cellulose
Authors: Liu Chao , Li Hao Jie , Huang Xiao Lu
Published: May 2011

Flash pyrolysis of cellulose is done on the laser pyrolysis experiment device, from which some water-loving yellow substances are collected, which is confirmed as active cellulose. HPLC analysis shows that the chief constituent of this yellow substances are glucose, fructose and oligosaccharide, and whose yield are determined. The research indicates that: at high-radiation power, glucose is not the only production decomposing from oligosaccharide, and there is another production decomposing from oligosaccharide which will compete against glucose. At last, the mechanism of the first pyrolysis of cellulose is analysed.
Investigation on Electronic Signals for Detection of Target DNA Molecule Based on Extended Gate FET Sensing Chip
Authors: Cao Zhong , Sun Li Xian , Zhou Ting , Luo Yong Feng , Zeng Ju Lan , Long Shu , Li Ji Shan
Published: May 2011

An electronic detection method for DNA molecules based on an extended gate field effect transistor (EGFET) sensing chip has been presented in this paper, which consists of one gold plate electrode for molecule recognition and FET part for signal transduction. The DNA probe was prepared by first immobilization of a thiolated single-stranded oligonucleotide (T1) and then an alkanethiol such as 6-hydroxy-1-hexanethiol (6-HHT) on the gold plate. A fast cyclic voltammetry (FCV) was applied to quantification of DNA molecules by using a cathodic peak around -1.3 V at a electrode reaction, corresponding to reductive desorption in strong alkali solution. By using a 70.7 mV DC voltage onto a Ag/AgCl reference electrode, the electronic signals of EGFET were applied to detection of DNA molecules and its hybridization, and the corresponding hybridization efficient was estimated to be about 37.5%. About 1 ~ 4 DNA molecules per 100 nm2 on the Au substrate of EGFET could be counted, showing a promising sensing technique for bio-molecule.
Gold Magnetic Particle Based Immunoassay on a Disposable Microchips
Authors: Wang Zi Ye , Wang Kang , Ma Xue Mei
Published: May 2011

Microchips appear to offer important opportunities for modern research. Microchips based on gold magnetic nanoparticles make manipulation of biomolecules more conveniently, and has the advantage of deducing reaction time. In this study, we first achieved microchips design and fabrication through CO2 laser ablation for immunoassay, and then conjugated mouse IgG to gold magnetic nanoparticles serve as a target. Finally, HRP labeled goat anti mouse IgG binding assay and substrate reaction were performed with disposable microchips and other devices. The results indicated that the reactions carried on successfully and magnetic particles moved well in chips.
Corrosion Behavior of MAO-Treated Magnesium Alloy in Hank’s Solution
Authors: Chen Hong , Hao Jian Min , Li Dong Xiao , Li Lian Ping
Published: May 2011

In this paper, the magnesium alloy AZ91D as biological implant material was treated by micro-arc oxidation. The effects on the coating growth of oxidation time and terminal voltages in zirconium solution and silicate solution were investigated respectively. Immersion and electrochemical tests were applied to study the corrosion behavior of AZ91D alloy in Hank’s solution. The results revealed that the coating thickness increases and the corrosion rate in immersion test decreases as the extension of oxidation time and the rising of terminal voltage. The corrosion rate of the alloy in the immersion test treated in zirconium solution varies with the terminal voltages and that in silicate solution depends on the coating thickness. In the polarization curves test, the corrosion current of the MAO treated alloy is two orders of magnitude lower than that of original samples and the polarization curves in zirconium solution show bigger anode and cathode polarizability which indicates that the MAO coating has a strong blocking effect of the corrosion. The corrosion resistance of MAO treated magnesium AZ91D improves significantly.
Chemical Synthesis of Ascorbyl Palmitate in [BMIM]BF4
Authors: Ji Jun Min
Published: May 2011

Scorbyl palmitate is a safty and highly efficient lipophilic antioxidant.It is produced by a novel ionic liquid method: L-ascorbic acid was esterified with palmitic acid to synthesize ascorbyl palmitate,using concentrated sulfuric acid as chemical catalyst in 1-Butyl-3-methy limidazolium terafluoroborate ([BMIM]BF4).The yield of ascorbyl palmitate reached 69.6±1%.
Study on Value Chain Formation and Risks of High-End Oriented Nanomaterial Industry
Authors: Zhang Jian Ling
Published: May 2011

Nanotechnology has the potential to stimulate scientific innovation, promote traditional material industry chain to develop towards high-end direction and greatly benefit the society. In the process of value chain formation and operation, the value chain risks of high-end oriented nanomaterial industry associated with ecological and social environment, health, and safety issues cannot be ignored, however. Value chain formation and risks in high-end oriented nanomaterial industry are studied, and value chain risk management process for risk mitigation and loss prevention has also been put forward.
Physical, Chemical and Structural Analysis of Phellinus Igniarius Polysaccharides
Authors: Zhu Zi Ping , Li Na
Published: May 2011

This paper studied the physical, chemical properties and structure of phellinus igniarius polysaccharides (PIPS). PIPS is negative on iodine potassium iodide solution test, positive on a-naphthol reaction, and negative on Fehling reagent test. Viscosity of exopolysaccharide (EPS) and intracellular polysaccharides (IPS) at 25 °C was 0.85 dL/g and 1.20 dL/g respectively. Column chromatography analysis separated 8 constituents from IPS, while 2 constituents were separated from EPS. The monosaccharide compositions of some of these constituents were further investigated. Results from gel permeation chromatography showed that IPS had 9 constituents and EPS had 4 constituents. The molecular weights of the constituents were determined.
Nanosilver Detection and Digestion Method in Complex Matrix, such as in Juice and Milk
Authors: Wang Chun Rong , Yao Ying , Ren Qin Yi
Published: May 2011

This paper investigated the nanosilver detection method by ICP-MS and digestion method in complex matrix, such as in apple juice, grape juice and milk. The results showed that the silver calibration curves have excellent related coefficient with the range of 0.999906 to 0.999972, and the method detection limit of ICP-MS for silver was 1.1653ppb. The sample digestion method for apple juice, grape juice and milk were optimized at different temperature and contact time, in which the optimal digestion method for apple juice and grape juice was at temperature of 95 °C and contact time of 25min, but that for milk should be enhanced the temperature to 155 °C.
Synthesis of α-MoO3 Microspheres Assembled by Nanorods in Room Temperature Ionic Liquids
Authors: Zhi Liu , Song Yan , Deng Li Ping , Liu Xing Hai
Published: May 2011

α-MoO3microspheres assembled by nanorods were synthesized in room temperature ionic liquids (bmimBF4: 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate) by microwaves heating method. The microstructure and morphology of the products were characterized by the techniques of X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform spectrometer (FTIR), scanning electron microscope (SEM), transmission electron microscope (TEM). The influence factor such as the amount of ammonium heptamolybdenum tetrahydrate in ionic liquids was investigated in detail. The possible reaction mechanism was also discussed. It was demonstrated that the ionic liquid could act as template agent for the formation of α-MoO3microspheres. The present synthesis route is very simple and fast, and could be extended to the fabrication of other nanomaterials in ionic liquids.
Mechanical Properties of Elastomeric Terpolymer Nanocomposites Containing Nano-SiO2
Authors: Zhou Shi Biao , Xiao An Guo
Published: May 2011

Nanocomposites were obtained by mixing elastomeric terpolymer and nano-SiO2 in double-screw extruder at 130-150 °C, in which elastomeric terpolymer was prepared by terpolymerization of poly(methyl methacrylate (PMMA) macromonomer, butyl acrylate(BA), and acrylic acid(AA) in benzene using azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) as initiator. The results indicated that increasing the amount of PMMA, the molecular weight of PMMA and terpolymers as well as the content of carboxylic acid were favorable to increase the mechanical properties of nanocomposites. In addition, the tensile strength and the modulus at 300% elongation of nanocomposites reach to a maximum while the mass ratio of nano-SiO2 to terpolymer is 3%.
Miniemulsion Polymerization to Prepare Beta Cypermethrin Nanocapsule
Authors: Zheng He Tang , Zhang Yue , Huang Dao Wei
Published: May 2011

We reported here a novel procedure for preparing 2.5% beta cypermethrin/polyacrylate nanocapsules using miniemulsion polymerization method, in which formulation the stearic acid (SD) as assistant stabilizer and fatty alcohol-polyoxyethylene ether (n=9) sodium sulfate (AES) as emulsifier. The nanocapsules were characterized by IR, UV, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), laser particle size analyzer and TGA. It proves that beta cypermethrin nanocapsules have uniform size and core-shell structure, and the mean size is 49.1 nm. The encapsulation efficiency of nanocapsules is 84.6% and the loading capacity of nanocapsules is 13.4%. The analysis of FTIR and UV show there are no toxic organic solvent and benzene adjuvant existing in the formulation, therefore, the nanocapsule is eco-friendly. TGA analysis indicates the nanocapsule possesses release-controlled performance and could extend the duration.
Synthesis and Characterization of Biodegradable Aliphatic-Aromatic Copolyesters Nanocomposites Containing POSS
Authors: Wang Bing Tao , Zhang Yan , Fang Zheng Ping
Published: May 2011

Biodegradable aliphatic-aromatic copolyesters/POSS nanocomposites were synthesized via in situ melt copolycondensation of terephthalic acid (TPA), poly(L-lactic acid) oligomer (OLLA), 1,4-butanediol (BDO) and polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes (POSS) reagents (POSS-NH2 and POSS-PEG). The morphologies and dispersions of two POSS reagents in the nanocomposites and their effects on the mechanical and thermal properties were investigated. TEM and XRD characterizations confirmed that POSS-NH2 formed crystalline microaggregates and took poor dispersions in the nanocomposite, while POSS-PEG had better dispersion in the matrix. Due to the good dispersion and interfacial adhesion of POSS-PEG with the copolyester PBTL matrix, the tensile strength and the Young’s modulus greatly increased for PBTL/POSS-PEG nanocomposite. Moreover, compared with POSS-NH2 the existence of POSS-PEG imparted PBTL good flexibility and increased the mobility of the chains, so the glass-transition temperature and the heat of melting as well as the elongation at break were obviously influenced for PBTL/POSS-PEG nanocomposite.
The Organic-Inorganic Complex Material Formed by {Mo154} and TTABr
Authors: Jia Xiang Feng , Shi Xing Wang , Ma Yong Shan
Published: May 2011

The formation of inorganic/organic Complex Material from giant polyoxomolybdate (POM) macro-anions in solutions mixed a positively charged surfactant tetradecyltrimethylammonium bromide (TTA+Br-1) was described.surfactant tetradecyltrimethylammonium bromide (TTA+Br-1) was described. The complex can further dissolve in aqueous solution with the excess TTABr and the larger hydrophilicaggregations formed. TEM and Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS) investigations were applied to analyze the aggregations in the simple-phase solution.
Effect of Different Molar Ratios of Fenton Reagents on the Surface Modification of CNTs
Authors: Qiang Yin , Xin Jian Hua
Published: May 2011

A novel method——Fenton/UV treatment, was used to modificate carbon nanotubes (CNTs) in our research. Effects of different molar ratios of Fenton reagents on the surface of CNTs were studied in our work. The purity of CNTs was investigated by TGA. The functional groups on the surface of CNTs were investigated by FTIR spectra, and the phase analysis of CNTs was investigated by X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD). The result show that it can introduce a great deal of hydroxyl groups onto the surface of carbon nanotubes, and almost never introduce impurities, when the molar ratio of Fe2+and H2O2 is 1:40.
Immobilization of CdS Nanoparticles on Ion Exchange Resin Microspheres and their High Sensitivity to Pb2+ Ions
Authors: Xiao Han Min , Kang Shi Zhao , Yin Die Er , Li Xiang Qing , Jia La Di
Published: May 2011

CdS nanoparticles were prepared and simultaneously loaded on the ion exchange resin microspheres via a simple in-situ gas-solid reaction. X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), EDX analysis and UV-vis spectra were used to characterize the products. The results indicated that the CdS nanoparticles were loaded on the ion exchange resin microspheres, and the average size of particles was approximately 5.3 nm. The nanoparticle coverage was high so that a continuous nanoparticle shell formed on the ion exchange resin microspheres. In addition, the effect of Pb2+ ions (aq.) on the luminescence of the CdS nanoparticles immobilized on the ion exchange resin microspheres were investigated. It was found that the luminescence intensity of the CdS nanoparticles changed significantly when Pb2+ ions were adsorbed on the sample. The lowest concentration of Pb2+ ions that can make the intensity change is 1.0´10-20 mol×dm-3, which implies that the CdS nanoparticles immobilized on the ion exchange resin microspheres are very sensitive to Pb2+ ions (aq.).
The Inhibitory Effects of Fucoidans from Laminaria japonica on Oxidation of Human Low-Density Lipoproteins
Authors: Zhao Xue , Wang Jing Feng , Xue Chang Hu
Published: May 2011

Five Fucoidan fractions from Laminaria japonica with different sulfate content and molecular weight were obtained by anion-exchange chromatography and mild acid hydrolysis. Their antioxidant effects on azo radicals AAPH- and AMVN -induced oxidation of human low-density lipoprotein (LDL) were evaluated by monitoring cholesteryl ester hydroperoxides (CHE-OOH) formation kinetics by HPLC analysis. Two antioxidants probucol and Vc were used as comparison. Fucoidan F-C with low molecular weight 2,000-8,000 and sulfate content 24.3% had much stronger protective antioxidant effects than other four Fucoidan fractions on both hydrophilic radical AAPH and lipophilic radical AMVN induced LDL oxidation. In AMVN induced LDL oxidation system, the other four Fucoidan fractions with molecular weight of 200,000 and 20,000 were able to modify the kinetics of LDL oxidation with the similar efficiency. However, the highly sulfated Fucoidan fraction L-B with molecular weight 20,000 was completely ineffective in protecting LDL from AAPH induced oxidation, whilst it effectively suppressed the oxidation of LDL induced by AMVN. The different protective antioxidant effects of Fucoidans on AAPH and AMVN induced LDL oxidation were due to their various structures and properties, and their capacities to interact with the different sites Fucoidans reacted on LDL.
Compatibility Enhancement of Poly(lactic Acid)/Crosslinked Starch Composite by Vacuum Heating Treatment
Authors: Liu Xiao Gang , Wang Li , Fan Chen Yu , Li Shi Zhong
Published: May 2011

Compositing with starch is an effective way to lower the cost of the poly (lactic acid)(PLA)-based biodegradable materials, while the compatibility of these two phases needs to be enhanced. Here reports an improvement based on vacuum heating treatment(VHT), hence a solid-phase esterification between PLA and crosslinked starch（CST） is enhanced. This research also studied the impact by esterified catalysts and starch proportion on thermal stability, surface morphology and mechanical properties of the composite. The result indicated that VHT shows positive effect on all aspects. Especially, sample with 20% CST shows optimized tensile strength of 62.6 MPa, and elongation at break was as high as 69.8%.
Headspace Solid-Phase Microextraction for Ethyl Carbamate Determination in Table Wine Samples
Authors: Liang Xin Hong , Yang Da Guang , Zeng Jie , Jia Yan Jie , Guo Zu Feng
Published: May 2011

Ethyl carbamate is a pluripotent carcinogen, and most fermented foods and beverages, including table wine, contain trace amounts of ethyl carbamate. The optimized parameters of the solid phase microextraction of table wine were: sample pH was 10.2, and 9.0 mL sample and 2.0-2.5 g (20-25%) sodium chloride were added to the vial; A 70 μm CW/DVB fiber was inserted into the headspace for 35 min at 40°C, then the fiber removed from the sample vial and inserted into the injection port of the GC for 10 min. Under this extraction conditions, the recoveries and the precision were 93.4-101.0% and 3.73-7.10%, respectively. The limit of detection was 3.0 μg/L. The solid phase microextraction technique was successfully applied to determine the EC levels in table wines. The extraction method was rapid and simple, and without the need for any organic solvent. It was an environmental protecting extraction method.
Synthesis Conditions of Nano-Hydroxyapatite Using Chondroitin Sulfate by Co-Precipitation Method
Authors: Sun Yan Rong , Fan Tao , Huang Yong , Ma Li Guo , Liu Feng
Published: May 2011

The introduction of biomineralization was coupled with the co-precipitation synthesis process of nano-hydroxyapatite with the addition of chondroitin sulfate as a template agent. The effect of a variety of processing conditions on the properties of final hydroxyapatite (HA) product was investigated by orthogonal design. The ratio of calcium to phosphorus was detected by chemical analysis, the phase composition was evaluated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), and the powder morphology was characterized by transmission electron microscope (TEM). The process scheme, moreover, was optimized by the analysis of four aspects which may have different extent of influence on product properties. It can be concluded from the results that product properties can be affected remarkably by the content of chondroitin sulfate and the pH value of reactant, less remarkably by the reaction temperature and slightly by the reaction time.
Photocatalytic Degradation of Eosin B by ZnS Nanoparticles under Visible Light
Authors: Feng Chen , Zheng Liu Ping , Yan Gui Yang , Zheng Meiu Qin
Published: May 2011

Nanocrystalline ZnS particles were prepared by hydrothermal method and characterized by XRD, FT-IR, TEM and UV-vis DRS and their photocatalytic activities were evaluated by the photodegradation of Eosin B under visible light. The results showed that the ZnS nanoparticles we prepared were in hexagonal phase, their average size of the complex particles varies from 10 nm to 20 nm, and also revealed well photocatalytic activity under visible light, the photocatalytic decolouration rate of Eosin B in 3 h reached 70 %.
Structural Analysis of the TiO2 Thin Films Prepared by Electrochemical Oxidation Using a Two-Step Potential Applying Mode
Authors: Gong Yun Lan , Li Fei Hui , Bai Zheng Chen
Published: May 2011

Based on the anodic oxidation method, titanium dioxide thin films with different morphology were prepared through altering the potential applying mode, the initial potential, the temperature of the electrolyte and the oxidation time. The crystal structures of them were analyzed by X-ray diffractometer. The results indicated that the potential applying mode, the initial potential, the temperature of the electrolyte as well as the oxidation time all have no effect on the crystal structure of TiO2 thin films. The TiO2 thin films obtained under different conditions all show anatase-type, and have the same preferred orientation, but their particle sizes shows great differences.
One Simple Approach to Prepare Size-Tunable ZnS Nanocrystals by Electron Sputtering
Authors: Zhang Ke Jie , Tong Yu Ping
Published: May 2011

Size-tunable ZnS nanocrystals were obtained by electron sputtering. Almost sputtered nanocrystals were spherical and well-dispersed. The sizes of deposited ZnS nanocrystals appeared a good gradient distribution according to their distance away from the sputtering target. These nanocrystals had gradual changes in diameter from about 1 to 15 nm. This research may afford a simple and efficient method to prepare well-dispersed semiconductor nanocrystals in a small size range.
Nano-Scale Deposition of Hydroxyapatite on Bioactive and Bioinert Fibers Using Carbon Nanofibers as Templates
Authors: Wu Qiang , Sadakane Masahiro , Ogihara Hitoshi , Ueda Wataru
Published: May 2011

The synthesis of nano-scale hydroxyapatite (HAp) could be achieved by using carbon nanofibers (CNFs) as templates. It was shown that both silica fiber and alumina fiber are suitable substrates for the growth of CNFs templates by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) technique. It turned out that the resulting CNFs could act as promising and effective templates for nano-scale deposition of HAp on the fiber surface. However, CNFs obtained from silica fiber performed better than those grown from alumina fiber for uniform deposition of HAp on the surface.