bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Chefes ricos e comunidade pobre: a quantificação do valor entre os índios Xikrin (Mebengôkre)
Authors: Gordon Cesar
Published: September 2020

O artigo pretende descrever as formas pelas quais os índiosXikrin (Mebêngôkre) do Estado do Pará, na Amazônia Brasileira, vêmtentando constituir e expressar determinadas diferenças internas devalor por meio da incorporação de mercadorias, bens industrializadose dinheiro. Na atual situação histórica, o mecanismo indígenade produção de diferenças basicamente qualitativas começa a sefazer acompanhar – e ser substituído, em certa medida – por umaquantifi cação das diferenças em termos do maior ou menor acessoa recursos monetários. O artigo analisa o regime de distribuição dedinheiro e mercadorias no interior da comunidade indígena, procurandoexplicar o caráter ‘infl acionário’, característico da economiapolítica e do consumo xikrin pós-contato. Em particular, focaliza-sea implementação de um sistema de salários, que recorta dois planosde diferenças: em primeiro lugar uma distinção entre um conjunto de“chefes” e “lideranças” assalariados contra o restante da comunidadenão remunerada; e, além disso, uma distinção no próprio conjuntodos indivíduos que recebem vencimentos, que se expressa em termosde níveis salariais. Finalmente, analisam-se os efeitos sistêmicos daquantifi cação do valor na vida social Xikrin.Palavras-chave: índios Xikrin-Mebengôkre; economia; ritual; mercadoria;mudança cultural.
Ações para a revitalização linguístico-cultural entre o povo Xambioá: lições desde projetos comunitários
Authors: Do Nascimento André Marques
Published: September 2020

Considerando que ações de revitalização de línguas indígenasem processo de deslocamento são mais efetivas se contextualizadasem práticas socioculturais mais amplas e de real interaçãocomunicativa entre diferentes gerações, no presente trabalho busca-seapresentar experiências com potencial de revitalização linguísticoculturalbem sucedidas desenvolvidas por professores e professorasindígenas Karajá Xambioá, com base em pesquisa sociolinguística,no âmbito das atividades do curso de Educação Intercultural daUniversidade Federal de Goiás.Palavras-chave: revitalização linguístico-cultural; educação intercultural;Karajá Xambioá.
Fragmentos de Etnografia Xokleng no Século XIX em “Questão de Limite entre Paraná e Santa Catharina”
Authors: Pereira Walmir
Published: September 2020

Entre o último quartel do século XIX e o começo do séculoXX, a área territorial abrangida entre o norte, o noroestecatarinense e o sudoeste paranaense era sinônimo de “rudeza”e de “terras devolutas”. Essa área foi motivo de intensa disputade limites entre as províncias – posteriormente estados– do Paraná e Santa Catarina, litigio que acabou originando oconfl ito épico do Contestado. Os ocupantes dessa região eramindígenas Kaingang e Xokleng, fazendeiros ou, ainda, pessoasmiscigenadas e peões de fazenda que ocupavam a terra comoposseiros.
“Somos Índios da Tribo Tuxá Nação Proká Pragaga do Arco e Flecha e Maracá Malacutinga Tuá Deus do Ar”
Authors: De Oliveira Jandair Ribeiro
Published: September 2020

Vou contar uma história que, diferentemente das outras,não irá começar com o “Era uma vez”. E para você saber o porquêbasta acompanhar essa viagem com o seu coração, e juntosiremos descobrir a verdadeira essência do que é ser índio Tuxá,como é viver feliz, cultivar o amor, respeitando o próximo comoa si mesmo, vivendo no mundo com a força de Tupã.
FAMÍLIAS HUMILDES DE PESCADORES VS. ÍNDIOS EM EXTREMA POBREZA: A REPRESENTAÇÃO DE ATORES SOCIAIS NO DISCURSO MIDIÁTICO SOBRE DEMARCAÇÃO DE TERRAS INDÍGENAS
Authors: Guerola Carlos Maroto
Published: September 2020

O presente trabalho busca apontar estratégias discursivas para des-enfatização de atores sociais indígenas no discurso da mídia de massas brasileira em relação à demarcação de terras indígenas. Para tanto, é analisada uma reportagem do Jornal do Meio Dia da RIC TV Santa Catarina de outubro de 2013 sobre o conflito em torno da demarcação da terra indígena guarani do Morro dos Cavalos (Palhoça/SC). Prestando especial atenção ao desacato ao Princípio de Cooperação de Grice (1975/1999), são identificadas cinco estratégias discursivas de des-enfatização, que exploram a máxima de quantidade por meio de omissões. Exemplifica-se, assim, o modo em que a representação de atores sociais indígenas nesse discurso serve à invenção da sua etnicidade por parte da grande mídia com o objetivo de favorecer opiniões contrárias à demarcação da terra indígena em questão e das terras indígenas no país de modo geral. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Análise crítica do discurso; terras indígenas; discurso midiático
A COLONIZAÇÃO GUARANI NAS PLANÍCIES DO TAQUARI, RIO GRANDE DO SUL, BRASIL
Authors: Kreutz Marcos Rogério , Dos Santos Paula Dresch , Machado Neli Galarce , Laroque Luis Fernando
Published: September 2020

No período pré-colonial, os atuais estados do sul do Brasil foram colonizados por diversas etnias, entre elas, os Guarani. Esses grupos, com uma orientação agrícola e com uma dinâmica de deslocamentos, optaram por se instalar inicialmente nas férteis várzeas ao longo dos rios e arroios de maior porte. Com o passar do tempo, deslocaram-se para territórios mais afastados desses cursos d’água ou então para as porções mais altas dos vales dos rios. O objetivo do presente estudo é formular um panorama de deslocamentos e colonização de grupos Guarani em um território específico drenado pela Bacia Hidrográfica do Rio Taquari no Rio Grande do Sul, em um período antigo, anterior a colonização européia. A metodologia utilizada foi a revisão bibliográfica que trata do tema, migrações e deslocamentos Guarani, bem como a análise de datações realizadas em sítios arqueológicos. Como resultado espera-se formular hipóteses para esses deslocamentos na área foco do estudo.
PURUBORÁ: MITOS DE UM POVO INDÍGENA RESSURGIDO DA AMAZÔNIA
Authors: Montanha Gisele de Oliveira , Barboza José Joaci , Oliveira Anatália Daiane de
Published: September 2020

O presente texto é resultado do Trabalho de Conclusão de Curso (TCC) junto à Universidade Federal de Rondônia (UNIR), Curso em Licenciatura em Educação Básica Intercultural, Campus de Ji-Paraná, e tem como objetivo identificar, registrar e analisar os mitos tradicionais Puruborá. O povo Puruborá é um grupo étnico ressurgido da década de 2000 e teve seu primeiro contato em 1909, quando o marechal Rondon comandou os trabalhos da construção da Linha Telegráfica no rio Manoel Correia e criou o Posto Indígena Dois de Maio, demarcando a terra para os e as Puruborá. A metodologia utilizada é a da História Oral, de modo especial a Tradição Oral. Esse trabalho contribuiu para o registro da história e mitologia do povo Puruborá e, bem como, o fortalecimento da identidade cultural do povo, o entendimento e o conhecimento sobre a etnia Puruborá.
Conhecimento e uso de plantas nativas entre os Xavante de Pimentel Barbosa-MT
Authors: Navas Rafael , Garavello Maria Elisa de Paula Eduardo
Published: September 2020

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o conhecimento e uso de plantas nativas pelos Xavante da Terra Indígena Pimentel Barbosa/Mato Grosso e o impacto da agricultura na atividade. O trabalho foi realizado entre 2006 e 2010, através de técnicas qualitativas. Observou-se aproximadamente 60 espécies nativas de uso na alimentação, porém com o incremento da agricultura mecanizada, a coleta foi sendo reduzida, com aumento no consumo de arroz, o que provocou taxa de anemia de 56,3% na população da aldeia. Palavras-chave: Jê; Etnoecologia; Cerrado.
Os ossos do irmão dele
Authors: Vedovato Odair
Published: September 2020

Trabalho realizado a partir de narrativas recolhidas pelo antropólogo americano Jules Henry durante sua convivência com o povo Xokleng de Santa Catarina entre 1932 e 1934.
Direito Consuetudinário Indígena: cultura, sociedade, e desenvolvimento local
Authors: Marques Heitor Romero , Ribeiro Lamartine Santos
Published: September 2020

A identidade cultural em um grupo humano o torna uma comunidade que possui expressões culturais, entre as quais, regras para manter a paz interna. O direito consuetudinário são regras nascidas dos usos e costumes que são o amálgama da comunidade e lhe dão o caráter jurídico de sociedade. No Brasil há comunidades com identidades culturais nem sempre coincidentes com a cultura hegemônica que adota a lei como fonte principal do direito, ditada por uma única fonte: o Poder Legislativo. Este é o direito positivista, onde se insere o chamado direito indígena. Havendo diversidade de expressões culturais (como as indígenas) o ordenamento jurídico deve reconhecer a existência de um direito indígena consuetudinário, capaz de garantir a pacificação social interna dessas comunidades, como elemento indispensável ao desenvolvimento local sob a perspectiva humana. Palavras-chave: Sociedade. Desenvolvimento Local. Direito Consuetudinário.
Mulheres Terena: das universidades para as terras retomadas da Aldeia Buriti em busca do direito coletivo: terra mãe
Authors: Gabriel Devane Alves
Published: September 2020

Sou Terena. Me chamo Devane Alves Gabriel, pertencente a etnia Terena de tronco linguístico Aruak. Nascida e educada em minha terra de origem, aldeia Indígena Buriti no Município de Dois Irmãos do Buriti/MS. Atualmente atuo como professora na Escola Estadual Natividade Alcântara Marques, após ter me qualificado para a carreira de professor. Em minha infância, cursei as séries iniciais do ensino fundamental na escola Municipal Indígena Alexina Rosa Figueiredo localizada nesta aldeia mas tendo que concluir o final do ensino em Campo Grande, a capital do estado de Mato Grosso do Sul, na escola do não indígena: Escola Municipal Coronel Sebastião Lima.
“Rastros” e “vestígios” atrelados ao processo de educação escolar entre os Karajá da aldeia Fontoura, ilha do Bananal/TO
Authors: Araújo Ricardo Nei
Published: September 2020

O presente texto, discorre acerca da experiência educacional instaurada a partir do contato entre os Karajá e os diferentes segmentos da sociedade majoritária ao longo do tempo, dando ênfase ao projeto de escola secularmente evidenciado entre estes indígenas, por disseminar desde sua “origem” palavras de “ordem” e “catequese”, refutando a educação (o saber) nativo em diversos aspectos. Estas experiências educacionais advindas do “civilizado” atualmente impulsiona entre os Karajá de Fontoura uma significativa procura por outros conhecimentos, habilidades ou mesmo profissões, e tanto a escola como o professor são tema e assunto nas reivindicações indígenas. Assim, o trabalho discute sobre uma das formas de ativismo indígena, qual seja, o envolvimento dos indígenas no debate interno do tema da educação, sua eficácia ou não eficácia. Palavras- chave: educação. escola. aldeia Karajá.
Sugestões do Pe. Pedro Sbardellotto para criação de reservas para os índios Xavante
Authors: Lachnitt George
Published: September 2020

Sugestões do Pe. Pedro Sbardellotto para criação de reservas para os índios Xavante.
Special Issue on Value Creation in Production
Authors: Kaihara Toshiya , Nishino Nariaki
Published: September 2020

With the recent development of new technologies such as the Internet of Things (IoT), Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS), and cloud-based systems, the smart manufacturing concept based on ICT or AI is expected to have tremendous potential to realize a digital transformation with customer involvement in production. The role of production will need to change accordingly, as it is obvious that the traditional business model based on process chains for production functionality has limitations for further growth. In production, it is necessary to consider value chains with service factors for adding innovative value to products. Value creation is an important concept to the realization of a sustainable ecosystem in production.

This special issue addresses the latest research on value creation in production and service systems. Including ten advanced research papers and one development report, it covers a wide range of topics, including smart factories, logistics, distribution with value chains; product service systems; sustainable ecosystems with value in production and service industries; the sharing economy in production systems with cloud computing; the application of digital transformations in production and service systems.

All papers and reports were refereed through careful peer reviews with experts. The editors deeply appreciate the authors for their careful work and the reviewers for their invaluable efforts, without which this special issue would not have been possible. Finally, we hope this special issue provides valuable information to our interested readers and encourages further research on value creation in production.
Study of laboratory staff' knowledge of biobanking in Côte d'Ivoire
Authors: Kintossou Ambroise Kouamé , N'Dri Mathias Kouamé , Money Marcelle , Cisse Souleymane , Doumbia Simini , Man-Koumba Soumahoro , Coulibaly Amadou Founzégué , Djaman Joseph Allico , Dosso Mireille
Published: September 2020

Background: A biobank is a structure which collects and manages biological samples and their associated data. The collected samples will then be made available for various uses. The sharing of those samples raised ethical questions which have been answered through specific rules. Thus, a Biobank functioning under tight ethical rules would be immensely valuable from a scientific and an economic view point. In 2009, Côte d'Ivoire established a biobank, which has been chosen to house the regional biobank of Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) countries in 2018. To ensure optimal and efficient use of this biobank, the scientific community must be aware of its existence and its role. It was therefore necessary to evaluate the knowledge of laboratories staff on the role and activities of a biobank.Methods: This descriptive study was done by questioning staff from laboratories working on human’s health, animals or plants. The laboratories were located in southern Côte d'Ivoire. Results: A total of 205 people completed the questionnaire. Of these 205 people, 34.63% were biologists, 7.32% engineers, 48.78% technicians and 9.27% PhD students. The average length of work experience was 10.11 ± 7.83 years. In this study, 43.41% of the participants had never heard of biobanking. Only 48.78% of participants had a good understanding of the role of a biobank. Technicians and PhD students were less educated on the notion of biobank (p<0.000001). Although biologists were more educated on this issue, 21.13% of them had a misconception of biobank. Good knowledge of the role of a biobank was not significantly related to the work experience’s length (p>0.88). Conclusion: The level of knowledge of laboratory staff about biobanking needs to be improved. Training on the role, activities and interests of the biobank is important.
Cost of investigations during the acute hospital stay following total hip or knee arthroplasty, by complication status
Authors: Cheng Emma Tsz Lou , Lewin Adriane , Churches Tim , Harris Ian A , Naylor Justine
Published: September 2020

Background: Total hip and total knee arthroplasties are among the most common types of surgery performed in Australia today and are effective treatments for severe osteoarthritis. However, the increasing financial burden on the health system owing to the increasing rates of surgery has led to a growing interest in improving the cost-effectiveness and safety of arthroplasty care. This study was designed to quantify the association between post-operative complications, a major cost driver, and the cost of investigations following total hip or knee arthroplasty.Methods: This is a prospective cohort study of consecutive patients undergoing primary total hip or knee arthroplasty at an Australian public hospital. We measured the number and cost of imaging and pathology tests performed during the acute hospital stay and used linear regression to quantify the association between complication status and investigation costs. Results: Five hundred patients were included in the analysis. On average, those with complications received more tests, and more expensive tests. The mean combined cost of imaging and pathology tests in patients with no complications was AU$ 187 (SD: 12.0). In comparison, patients with minor complications had a mean additional cost of AU$ 270 (SD: 31.0), and those with major complications had a mean additional cost of AU$ 493 (SD: 54.2) (p<0.001).Conclusions: In patients undergoing hip or knee arthroplasty, investigation costs are substantially greater in the presence of either minor or major complications. With growing volumes of total hip and total knee arthroplasties, a potential focus of future research could include optimising investigation practices for patients with and without complications.
Efficacy of the Manchester Short Splint versus traditional dorsal splint for rehabilitation of Zone II flexor tendon repairs: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Lees Vivien , O'Brien Denise , Redvers-Chubb Karen
Published: September 2020

Background: A previously reported audit of use of the Manchester Short Splint versus the traditional dorsal forearm-based splint for rehabilitation of zone II flexor tendon repairs suggested that patient outcomes were enhanced by use of Manchester Short Splint. Specifically, there was less flexion contracture at the proximal interphalangeal joints at 6 and 12 weeks with greater final range of motion (Strickland assessment). Importantly, there was no evidence of excess tendon ruptures complicating use of the new splint. Methods: The present study is designed as a single-centre randomized controlled trial to compare the two splints [Clinical Evidence Level 2 as patient and treating therapists are aware of which splint is in use. Surgery is standardized with respect to the type of repair used. Inclusion criteria for the trial include single finger flexor tendon injury of zone II with up to one but not two simultaneous digital nerve injuries operated on within 4 days of the injury date. Exclusions include children, more complex injuries, those unable to give consent or otherwise co-operate with the trial protocol. Patients are recruited at their first hand therapy visit having been provided with information about the trial by one of the Site Investigators during their hospital admission. The consenting patient is randomized into one of two splint groups. Assessments recorded in the Case Report Form include range of joint motion (Strickland), PROMs (Quick Dash), visual analogue pain scales, tendon rupture event and need for further surgical intervention. Data is captured weekly for first 6 weeks and again at 12 weeks. At 12 weeks grip strength and fatigue of grip strength are also measured. Discussion: The present study aims to determine the efficacy of the short splint versus the traditional splint in rehabilitation of Zone II flexor tendon repair. Our earlier published audit on the potential advantages of the short splint generated considerable interest internationally with numbers of hand therapy departments adopting the short splint in the absence of more substantive evidence. Clearly it is desirable that such evidence is forthcoming and the present study seeks to provide such evidence and inform development of a multi-centre study.
Barriers to recruitment into a randomized controlled trial comparing two modes of emergency department-initiated palliative care 
Authors: Brickey Julia A , Flannery Mara , Cuthel Allison M , Cho Jeanne , Grudzen Corita R. , Investigators EMPallA
Published: September 2020

Background: Emergency department (ED) visits among older adults are common near the end of life. Palliative care has been shown to reduce ED visits and to increase quality of life among patients, but recruitment into these programs is often challenging. Methods: Research coordinators monitored factors that prevented enrollment into a multi-site randomized controlled trial investigating two modes of community-based palliative care delivery for patients in the ED who are discharged home. Reasons for non-participation were documented and analyzed to identify themes within refusal data. Results: Enrollment rate across all sites was 45%. Of the 504 eligible patients who refused to participate, 237 (47.0%) refused due to barriers related to illness severity. Patients commonly refused due to misconceptions/stigma related to palliative care (123 [24.4%]). One-hundred forty-three patients (28.4%) refused due to the mode of palliative care delivery. Less commonly, patients refused due to general research barriers (16.5%), family/caregiver barriers (11.7%), and physician-related barriers (.1%). Discussion: Patients with advanced illnesses often refuse to participate in palliative care research due to the severity of their illness, misconceptions about palliative care, and the mode of care delivery. Robust training programs are crucial to overcome these misconceptions and to educate patients and providers about the role of palliative care. Future palliative care programs and study designs should recognize the burden this vulnerable population endures and consider alternative modes of care delivery in an effort to increase participation and enrollment. Clinical Trials Registration: NCT03325985, October 30, 2017, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03325985Trial Time Period: March 28, 2018 – January 31, 2020
Surgery combined with antibiotics for the treatment of endogenous endophthalmitis caused by live abscess
Authors: Wang Yue , Wang Xue , Di Yu
Published: September 2020

Backgrounds: Endogenous endophthalmitis is a serious disease caused by intraocular infection that can rapidly progress to cause blindness. This study evaluated the clinical features, surgical and antibiotics treatment strategies, and treatment outcomes in patients with endophthalmitis caused by liver abscess.Methods: Between April 2014 and April 2019, the clinical data of 16 patients (19 eyes) with endophthalmitis associated with liver abscess who underwent surgery at Shengjing Hospital were retrospectively analyzed. Furthermore, we evaluated the final visual outcomes in the patients to determine the efficacy of surgery.Results: Fifteen patients (18 eyes) underwent intravitreal injection followed by vitrectomy after admission. One patient (1 eye) only underwent intravitreal injection. Of the 16 patients, 3 patients (3 eyes) had recurrent intraocular inflammation and eventually underwent evisceration. Systemic antibiotics were administered for all patients based on the results of vitreous humor culture, blood culture, and antibiotic susceptibility tests. Outpatient follow-ups were performed until the patients were stable (6 months). Of the 19 eyes, 1 eye (5%) had visual acuity restored to 20/200, 6 eyes (31%) had visual acuity restored to counting fingers (CF), 2 eyes (11%) had visual acuity restored to hand motion (HM), 4 eyes (22%) showed only light perception (LP), and the remaining 6 eyes (31%) showed no light perception (NLP). Drug susceptibility tests suggested that the carbapenems exhibited significant effects in the inflammatory reaction.Conclusion: Endogenous endophthalmitis caused by liver abscess is a very serious condition, and the final visual outcome is poor. Timely surgical intervention combined with antibiotic treatment is essential, and the primary disease must be treated to control disease progression at the earliest.
Early combination therapy with etanercept and methotrexate in JIA patients shortens the time to reach an inactive disease state and remission: Results of a double-blind placebo-controlled trial
Authors: Alexeeva Ekaterina , Horneff Gerd , Dvoryakovskaya Tatyana , Denisova Rina , Nikishina Irina , Zholobova Elena , Malievskiy Viktor , Santalova Galina , Stadler Elena , Balykova Larisa , Spivakovskiy Yuriy , Kriulin Ivan , Alshevskaya Alina , Moskalev Andrey
Published: September 2020

Background Remission is the primary objective of treating juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA). It is still debatable whether early intensive treatment is superior in terms of earlier achievement of remission. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of early etanercept+methotrexate (ETA+MTX) combination therapy versus step-up MTX monotherapy with ETA added in refractory disease. Methods A multi-centre, double-blind, randomized study in active polyarticular JIA patients treated with either ETA+MTX (n=35) or placebo+MTX (n=33) for up to 24 weeks, followed by a 24-week open-label phase. The efficacy endpoints included pedACR30 criteria improvement at week 12, inactive disease at week 24, and remission at week 48. Patients who failed to achieve the endpoints at week 12 or at week 24 escaped to open-label ETA+MTX. Safety was assessed at each visit. Results By intention-to-treat analysis, more patients in the ETA+MTX group reached the pedACR30 response at week 12 (33 (94.3%)) than in the placebo+MTX group (20 (60.6%); p=0.001). At week 24, comparable percentages of patients reached inactive disease (11 (31.4%) vs 11 (33.3%)). At week 48, 11 (31.4%) and eight (24.2%) patients achieved remission. The median (+/-IQR) times to achieve an inactive disease state in the ETA+MTX and placebo+MTX groups were 24 (14–32) and 32 (24–40) weeks, respectively. Forty-four (74/100 patient-years) adverse events (AEs) were reported, leading to treatment discontinuation in 6 patients.Conclusions Early combination therapy with ETA+MTX proved to be highly effective compared to the standard step-up regimen. Compared to those treated with the standard regimen, more patients treated with a combination of ETA+MTX reached the pedACR30 response and achieved inactive disease and remission more rapidly.Trial registrationThe study was registered by the European Clinical Trials Database (EudraCT) as 2015-003384-11 on 07-21-2014.
Mesenchymal stem cells modified by FGF21 and GLP1 ameliorate lipid metabolism while reducing blood glucose in type 2 diabetic mice
Authors: Xue Binghua , Xiao Xiuxiao , Yu Tingting , Xiao Xinhua , Xie Jie , Ji Qiuhe , Wang Li , Na Tao , Meng Shufang , Qian Lingjia , Duan Haifeng
Published: September 2020

Objective: The purpose of the study was to investigate the therapeutic effects of genetically modified mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitues (T2DM), in order to find a new method of diabetes treatment different from traditional medicine, and provide a new way to fundamentally improve or treat diabetes.Methods: MSCs derived from adipose tissue were modified with over-expression of FGF21 and GLP1, which was achieved through lentiviral particles transduction. The cells were transplanted to the BKS.Cg-Dock7m+/+Leprdb/Nju mice (T2DM mice model). The injections of physiological saline (0.1 mL), Liraglutide (0.5mg/kg) were employed as negative and positive controls respectively. The protein analyses were performed using ELISA or western blot analysis, while quantitative real-time PCR was adopted for gene expression.Results: The genetic modification had no effects on morphology, differentiation ability, or immunophenotype of MSCs. Moreover, MSC-FGF21+GLP1 cells exhibited significantly increased secretion of FGF21 and GLP1. In T2DM model mice, the transplantation of MSC-FGF21+GLP1 cells ameliorated blood glucose and weight, promoted the secretion of insulin, enhanced the recovery of liver structures, and improved lipid profiles. Moreover, FGF21 and GLP1 exhibited synergistic effects in regulation of glucolipid metabolism through controlling the expression of insulin, srebp1 and srebp2.Conclusion: The stem cell treatment based on MSCs modified by FGF21 and GLP1 genes is an effective approach for treatment of T2DM.
Pulse oximetry curves in healthy children living at moderate altitude: a cross-sectional study from the Ecuadorian Andes
Authors: Mayorga Vinicio Andrade , Andrade Felipe , Riofrío Pablo , Nedel Fulvio , Martin Miguel , Romero Natalia
Published: September 2020

Background
In populations above 3,000 meters above sea level (m.a.s.l.) normal values of oxygen saturation (SpO2) above 90% have been reported. Few studies have been conducted in cities of moderate altitude (between 2,500 and 3,000 m a.s.l). We set out to describe the range of SpO2 values measured with a pulse oximeter in healthy children between 1 month and 12 years of age living in an Ecuadorian Andean city.
Methods
A cross-sectional study was carried out in Quito, Ecuador, located at 2,810 m a.s.l. SpO2 measurement in healthy children of ages ranging from 1 month to 12 years of age residents in the city were recorded by pulse oximetry. Age and gender were recorded, and median and 2.5 th and 5 th percentile were drawn. Non parametric tests were used to compare differences in SpO2 values by age and gender.
Results
1,378 healthy children were included for the study, 719 (52.2%) males. The median SpO2 for the entire population was 94.5%. No differences were observed between SpO2 median values by age and gender. The 2.5 th percentile for global SpO2 measurements was 90%, in children under 5 years of age was 91% and it was 90% in children older than 7.
Conclusions
Our results provide SpO2 values for healthy children from 1 to 12 years old residents in Quito, a city of moderate altitude. The SpO2 percentile curve could contribute as a healthy range for the clinical evaluation of children residing at this altitude.
Response of Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) Genotypes to Combined Application of Phosphorus and Foliar Zinc Fertilizers in Central Tigray, Ethiopia 
Authors: Berhe Hintsa Meresa , Abera Dereje Assefa , Yemane Yemane Tsehaye
Published: September 2020

Background:Objective of the study was to investigate the response of groundnut genotypes to combined application of phosphorus and zinc on yield and nutritional contents. A field experiment was conducted at Sheka-Tekli in 2017/18 cropping season. Methods:The treatments were consisted of three groundnut genotypes (ICGV00308, ICGV91114 and Sedi) as main plot and four combined PZn fertilizer levels (00), 10 kg P/ha +0.50 g Zn/L, 20 kg P/ha +1 g Zn/L and 30 kg P/ha+1.5 g Zn/L as sub plot were assigned in split plot design with tree replications.Result: The result indicated that yield and yield components respond significantly to the main and interaction effects. The highest significant seed yield (2,529 kg/ha) and protein content (37.79%) were obtained in response to the application of P30Zn1.5 fertilizer on sedi variety in the loamy sand soil The percentage of crude protein and fat content had significantly affected by interaction components. Most of the yield component traits showed strong positive correlation with seed yield. While the lowest seed yield was recorded from ICGV00308 without fertilizer. The highest fat content (43.95%) was gained from genotype ICGV00308 at P30Zn1.5 fertilizer. From the interaction of sedi with P30Zn1.5 fertilizer was recorded highest protein content. Based on economic analysis the highest MRR (380.58%) was obtained from ICGV00308 genotype at P10Zn0.5 fertilizer. Conclusion: From the result of the study, application of PZn fertilizer increases seed yield of groundnut. Therefore, based on the MRR result ICGV00308 genotype at P10Zn0.5 fertilizer was optimum for groundnut production in the study area and similar agro-ecologies.
Three redescriptions in Tintinnopsis (Protista: Ciliophora: Tintinnina) from coastal waters of China, with cytology and phylogenetic analyses based on ribosomal RNA genes
Authors: Bai Yang , Wang Rui , Song Wen , Li Lifang , Santoferrara Luciana F. , Hu Xiaozhong
Published: September 2020

Background: The taxonomy of tintinnine ciliates is vastly unresolved because it has traditionally been based on the lorica (a secreted shell) and it has only recently incorporated cytological and molecular information. Tintinnopsis, the most speciose tintinnine genus, is also the most problematic: it is known to be non-monophyletic, but it cannot be revised until more of its species are studied with modern methods. Results: Here, T. hemispiralis Yin, 1956, T. kiaochowensis Yin, 1956, and T. uruguayensis Balech, 1948, from coastal waters of China, were studied. Lorica and cell features were morphometrically investigated in living and protargol-stained specimens, and sequences of three ribosomal RNA (rRNA) loci were phylogenetically analyzed. The three species show a complex ciliary pattern (with ventral, dorsal, and posterior kineties and right, left, and lateral ciliary fields), but differ in lorica morphology, details of the somatic ciliature and rRNA gene sequences. Tintinnopsis hemispiralis is further distinguished by a ciliary tuft (a ribbon of very long cilia originating from the middle portion of the ventral kinety and extending out of the lorica) and multiple macronuclear nodules. Both T. kiaochowensis and T. uruguayensis have two macronuclear nodules, but differ in the number of somatic kineties and the position of the posterior kinety. Two neotypes are fixed for T. hemispiralis and T. kiaochowensis to stabilize the species names objectively, mainly because of the previous unavailability of type materials. By phylogenetic analysis and comparison with closely-related species, we infer that the ciliary tuft and details such as the commencement of the rightmost kinety in the lateral ciliary field are synapomorphies that may help clarify the systematics of Tintinnopsis-like taxa. Conclusion: The redescriptions of three poorly known Tintinnopsis species, namely T. hemispiralis, T. kiaochowensis, and T. uruguayensis firstly revealed their ciliary pattern and rRNA sequences. This study expands knowledge and database of tintinnines and helps in identifying potential synapomorphies for future taxonomic rearrangements.
Precursors and outcomes of work engagement among nursing professionals—a cross-sectional study
Authors: Slåtten Terje , Lien Gudbrand
Published: September 2020

Background: Health services organizations must understand how best to lower nursing professionals’ turnover intentions, increase their job satisfaction and quality of care provided to patients. This study aims to examine whether work engagement, which refers to a positive fulfilling, work-related state of mind, is a significant predictor of the achievement of these preferred organizational goals. The study also aims to examine whether organizational culture and climate can manage the work engagement of nursing professionals and indirectly contribute to the accomplishment of the preferred organizational goals.Methods: The proposed conceptual model was tested in a quantitative study in which nursing professionals participated. The data were analyzed using confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modeling in Stata.Results: The three key findings from this study were: i) work engagement of nursing professionals was found to be positively related to service quality of care (b = 0.551) and job satisfaction (b = 0.883). Job satisfaction fully mediates the relationship between work engagement and turnover intention and in itself explains almost 60% (R2 = 0.59) of turnover intention (which refers to the intention to leave a job on a personal/workers level), ii) nursing professionals’ perception of organizational culture (b = 0.278) and collaboration climate (b = 0.331) were both directly related to their work engagement, iii) work engagement fully mediates the relationship between organizational culture, organizational climate and service quality of care and job satisfaction. Moreover, work engagement particularly mediates the relationship between collaborative climate and job satisfaction.Conclusions: The work engagement of nursing professionals is highly correlated, especially to their job satisfaction. Work engagement and intention to leave a job is (fully) mediated by job satisfaction. Employers should therefore focus on improving job satisfaction of nursing professionals. The work engagement of nursing professionals is a common key factor for improvements. Consequently, leaders and managers should continuously manage nursing professionals’ work engagement, focusing on such areas as organizational culture and climate because work engagement is a substantial driver to enable multiple desirable outcomes for hospital organizations.
Retrospective cohort study on radial head arthroplasty comparing long-term outcomes between valgus type injury and fracture dislocation
Authors: Chen Alvin Chao-Yu , Weng Chun-Jui , Chiu Chih-Hao , Chang Shih-Sheng , Cheng Chun-Ying , Chan Yi-Sheng
Published: September 2020

Background: Radial head arthroplasty (RHA) has been commonly adopted for irreparable radial head fractures while little information is addressed on valgus type injury. The purpose of this study is to report long-term outcomes and radiographic analysis in RHA for valgus type injury with comparison to fracture dislocation injury.Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted in patients receiving unilateral RHA with loose-fit, modular metal prosthesis for irreparable radial head fractures between 2004 and 2012. Totally, 33 patients with a mean follow up of nine years (range, 7 to 15 years) were enrolled and divided into two groups including 14 valgus injuries and 19 fracture-dislocations. Demographics of the patients, injury details, clinical and radiographic outcomes, and correlation analysis were investigated and compared between two groups.Results: In patient demographics, significant difference was noted in sex distribution, lateral collateral ligament involvement and time from injury to RHA between two groups. No patient underwent subsequent removal or revision of prosthesis. Good to excellent results according to Mayo Elbow Performance Score (MEPS) was achieved in 13 and 14 patients in group A and B respectively. Final motion range and Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand score was significantly better in valgus injury group. Radiographic analysis demonstrated fewer patients in valgus injury group presented periprosthetic osteolysis with weak to moderate negative correlation between radiolucency score and MEPS.Conclusions: With an average of nine years follow-up, RHA using loose-fit, modular metal prosthesis achieves encouraging outcomes for both valgus injury and fracture dislocation. In valgus type injury, better motion range, lower disability score and lower incidence of periprosthetic osteolysis is noted while correlation analysis of radiolucency score suggests extended, long-term investigation.
Somatic development in children with Shwachman-Diamond Syndrome
Authors: Bogusz-Wójcik Agnieszka , Kołodziejczyk Honorata , Klaudel-Dreszler Maja , Oracz Grzegorz , Pawłowska Joanna , Szalecki Mieczysław
Published: September 2020

Background: Shwachman-Diamond syndrome (SDS) is a rare genetic, multi-systemic disease characterized by exocrine pancreatic insufficiency, immune deficiency, bone marrow failure and skeletal abnormalities. Most patients present with failure in somatic development and short stature, but systematic data concerning those features are limited. The aim of the study was to assess the prevalence of failure in somatic development in the children with SDS.Methods: An analysis of anthropometric measurements of 21 patients (14 girls and 7 boys),aged 2 to 17 years (mean age 6.3 years) with SDS diagnosed in The Children’s Memorial Health Institute in Warsaw, Poland was performed. The patients were measured using a Holtain Limited stadiometer, an electronic scale, a Harpenden anthropometer, a metric tape and a spreading caliper. The assessed anthropometric parameters were expressed as standard deviation scores in relation to the reference values in Poland, suitable for sex as well as calendar and growth age.Results: A total of 66 measurements was collected and analyzed with a median number of 3 observations per patient. The group of boys presented with a significantly lower height (-3.0 SD, p<0.0001) and BMI (-1.4 SD, p<0.00001), and in the relation to the growth age a lower weight ( -1.0 SD, p<0.001) as well as a smaller chest width (-0.9 SD, p<0.05), hip width (-0,5 SD, p<0,05) and lower limb length (-0,5 SD, p<0,05). The group of girls also showed significantly lower height (-2.6 SD, p<0.00001) and BMI (-0.8 SD, p<0.00001), and in relation to the growth age, lower weight (-0.5 SD, p<0.001) as well as decreased width of the chest (-1.7 SD, p<0.0001) and shoulder (‑1.0 SD, p<0.001) were observed. Boys and girls were also characterized by significantly decreased circumference and width of head, additionally, girls had also smaller head length.Conclusions: Patients with SDS have abnormal somatic development. Both boys and girls are characterized by short stature, decreased weight, BMI, leg length, chest width as well as circumference and width of head. Anthropometric measurements provide important data on the process of growth and body proportions in children with SDS.
An Assessment of Heatwave Impact in Enugu Metropolis of Enugu State
Authors: Agu Christian Chijioke , Amarachi Ikwuka , Tukur Kamila , Omede Hassan , Nwadike Blessing Kakushia
Published: September 2020

BackgroundThe context of this research the impact of heatwave within Enugu city center, with the aim to analyze the impact in the city metropolis of Enugu state which comprises of three local government areas namely Enugu East Enugu North and Enugu South.ResultFrom the result, our findings showed the increase in lst over the period of years and over 50% inhabitants feel discomfort, while the vegetation index reduced in year 2020.ConclusionThe summary of the research looked at the change detection, NDVI, LST, and thermal comfortablity index, the potential implication of the result shows that heatwave impact is more felt in the study area and, the city will become more hotter in the near future thereby making it unfavourable and un comfortable for people to live or habit.
The impact of COVID-19 on the chiropractic profession: a cross-sectional survey on opinions, professional changes, and personal hardships of U.S. chiropractors
Authors: Neff Shawn M , Deyo Rebecca L. , Auley Annabelle L. Mac , Lawrence Dana J.
Published: September 2020

The authors have withdrawn this preprint due to author disagreement.
Effect of chromium methionine supplementation on the lactation performance, hepatic respiratory rate and antioxidative capacity of early-lactating dairy cows
Authors: Wu Zezhong , Peng Wenchao , Liu Jianxin , Xu Guozhong , Wang Diming
Published: September 2020

The authors have withdrawn this preprint due to erroneous posting.
A Model for Marginal Relative Survival
Authors: Lambert Paul Christopher , Syriopoulou Elisavet , Rutherford Mark J
Published: September 2020

Background: When quantifying the probability of survival in cancer patients using cancer registry data, it is common to estimate marginal relative survival, which under assumptions can be interpreted as marginal net survival. Net survival is a hypothetical construct giving the probability of being alive if it was only possible to die of the cancer under study and enables comparisons between populations with diﬀerential mortality rates due to other causes. Marginal relative survival can be estimated non-parametrically (Pohar Perme estimator) or in a modeling framework. In the modeling framework, even when just interested in the marginal survival in a population it is necessary to model covariates that aﬀect the expected mortality rates (e.g. age, sex and calendar year). The marginal relative survival function is then obtained through regression standardization. Given that these covariates will generally have non-proportional eﬀects, the model can become complex even before other exposure variables are considered.Methods: This paper proposes a ﬂexible parametric model incorporating restricted cubic splines that directly estimates marginal relative survival and thus removes the need to model covariates that aﬀect the expected mortality rates. In order to do this the likelihood needs to incorporate the marginal expected mortality rates at each event time taking account of informative censoring. In addition time-dependent weights need to be incorporated into the likelihood. An approximation is proposed using data expansion which enables the marginal model to be ﬁtted using standard software. Additional weights can be incorporated when needing to standardize to an external reference population.Results: The methods are illustrated using English cancer registration data. In addition a simulation study has been performed comparing estimation using a non-parametric approach, regression-standardization and the new marginal model showing that the method has good statistical properties.Conclusion: The approach enables estimation of standardized marginal relative survival without the need to model covariates that aﬀect the expected mortality rates and thus avoids potential model misspeciﬁcation problems.
Management of a giant aortic root aneurysm in a young patient with Marfan syndrome: a case report
Authors: SHEN JIAYU , Gan Changping , Rajaguru R.D.T. , Yuan Dou , XIAO ZHENGHUA
Published: September 2020

IntroductionMarfan syndrome (MFS) is a common heritable connective tissue disease involving multiple organs. Even though the clinical manifestations of MFS can be various, aortic root aneurysm is estimated as one of the most serious complications. We herein describe an individualized treatment decision-making process for a 23-year-old male with MFS, suffering from a giant but stable aortic root aneurysm which is extremely rare at his age.CaseThe patient, a 23-year-old male with a family history of MFS, presented to our cardiovascular department because of progressive exertional chest distress, fatigue and occasional precordial pain. Physical examinations revealed 190.5cm of height, high myopia, and a diastolic murmur at the aortic valve area. Laboratory examinations for systemic vasculitis and infectious diseases were negative. Transthoracic echocardiography and enhanced thoracic computed tomography (CT) scan revealed the existence of a giant aortic root aneurysm (125.1 mm in short-axis), severe aortic valve regurgitation, cardiac dilatation (LV; 99 mm in diastolic diameter) and a poor ejection fraction (EF; 18%). Considering the risk of rupture or dissection of the dilated aortic root, we performed Bentall procedure based on the results of multidisciplinary team discussion and intraoperative exploration. Postoperative thoracic CT scan revealed a normal sized reconstructed aortic root, and the patient was discharged uneventfully 7 days later.ConclusionIt is extremely rare to report such a giant aortic root aneurysm in a young patient. In the treatment decision-making process, the patient’s specific situation should be taken into consideration. A mechanical Bentall procedure seems to be an acceptable option for some selected cases.