bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Influence of calcium salts and bovine thrombin on growth factor release from equine platelet-rich gel supernatants
Authors: Giraldo Carlos , Álvarez María , Carmona Jorge
Published: November 2016

Objective: To compare five activation methods in equine platelet-rich plasma (PRP) by determination of platelet-derived growth factor BB (PDGF-BB) and transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1) concentrations in platelet-rich gel (PRG) supernatants.

Methods: Platelet-rich plasma from 20 horses was activated by calcium chloride (CC), calcium gluconate (CG), bovine thrombin (BT), and their combinations, BTCC and BTCG. Both growth factor concentrations in PRG supernatants were measured by ELISA and compared with plasma and platelet ly-sates (PL) over time.

Results: Growth factor concentrations were significantly lower in plasma and higher for all PRG supernatants. Platelet lysates contained a significantly lower concentration of PDGF-BB than PRG supernatants and a significantly higher concentration of TGF-β1 than PRG supernatants. Clots from PRP activated with sodium salts were more stable over time and had significant growth factor release, whereas CC produced gross salt deposition. Significant correlations were noticed for platelet with leukocyte concentrations in PRP (rs: 0.76), platelet counts in PRP with TGF-β1 concentrations in PRG supernatants (rs: 0.86), platelet counts in PRP with PDGF-BB concentrations in PRG super-natants (rs: 0.78), leukocyte counts in PRP with TGF-β1 concentrations in PRG supernatants (rs: 0.76), and PDGF-BB concentrations with activating substances (rs: 0.72).

Clinical significance: Calcium gluconate was the better substance to induce PRP activation. It induced growth factor release free from calcium precipitates in the clots. Use of BT alone or combined with calcium salts was not advantageous for growth factor release.
The evaluation of limb symmetry indices using ground reaction forces collected with one or two force plates in healthy dogs
Authors: Sandberg Gabby , Robb Sarah , Budsberg Steven , Volstad Nicola
Published: November 2016

Objective: To compare the variability of symmetry indices within and between days when using one and two force plates for data collection.

Animals: Seventeen healthy client-owned adult dogs.

Methods: Vertical ground reaction force data were collected in a crossover study design, with four collection sessions on two consecutive days, and then two weeks apart (days 1, 2, 15, and 16) using both 1-plate and 2-plate collection methods. Symmetry indices were calculated for limb pairs using two standard equations (SI1 and SI2). Repeated measures analysis was used to compare symmetry indices data between plate systems and days. Significance was set at p <0.05.

Results: There were no significant differences between plate systems for SI1 and SI2. There were no significant differences between data collected on different days and no significant interaction effects between variables. Symmetry indices were consistently larger for ground reaction forces calculated from non-consecutive footfalls.

Conclusions: The use of two force plate systems will minimize variance caused by trial repetition and paired limb variation. When comparing SI1 to SI2, results were not significantly different. However, there were consistently higher mean values for SI1 compared with SI2 and symmetry indices were consistently larger for 1-plate systems compared to 2-plate systems for both symmetry indices.
Efficacy of Two Delivery Routes for Transplanting Human Neural Progenitor Cells (NPCs) into the Spastic Han–Wistar Rat, a Model of Ataxia
Authors: Uhlendorf Toni L. , Nuryyev Ruslan L. , Kopyov Alex O. , Ochoa Jessica , Younesi Shahab , Cohen Randy W. , Kopyov Oleg V.
Published: November 2016

An emerging avenue for recalcitrant neurodegenerative disease treatment is neural progenitor cell (NPC) transplantation. In this study, we investigated the effectiveness of two different delivery routes of human-derived NPC inoculation: injection into the common carotid artery or unilateral stereotactic implantation into the degenerating cerebellum and hippocampus of spastic Han–Wistar (sHW) rats, a model of ataxia. At 30 days of age, sHW mutants were implanted with osmotic pumps preloaded with cyclosporine. Ten days after pump implantation, the animals were given either 3,000,000 live human-derived NPCs (hNPCs; n = 12) or 3,000,000 dead NPCs (dNPCs; n = 12) injected into the common carotid artery, or were given two unilateral implantations of 500,000 hNPCs into the cerebellum and 500,000 hNPCs into the hippocampus of each sHW rat ( n = 12) or 500,000 dNPCs by unilateral implantation into the cerebellum and hippocampus ( n = 12). We also compared treated sHW rats to untreated sHW rats: normal rats ( n = 12) and sibling sHW rats ( n = 12). Motor activity and animal weights were monitored every 5 days to ascertain effectiveness of the two types of delivery methods compared to the untreated mutant and normal animals. Mutant rats with hNPC implantations, but not dNPC or carotid artery injections, showed significant deceleration of motor deterioration ( p < 0.05). These mutants with hNPC implantations also retained weight longer than dNPC mutants did ( p < 0.05). At the end of the experiment, animals were sacrificed for histological evaluation. Using fluorescent markers (Qtracker) incorporated into the hNPC prior to implantation and human nuclear immunostaining, we observed few hNPCs in the brains of carotid artery-injected mutants. However, significant numbers of surviving hNPCs were seen using these techniques in mutant cerebellums and hippocampi implanted with hNPC. Our results show that direct implantation of hNPCs reduced ataxic symptoms in the sHW rat, demonstrating that stereotactic route of stem cell delivery correlates to improved clinical outcomes.
Auditory Processing Testing: In the Booth versus Outside the Booth
Authors: Lucker Jay R.
Published: November 2016

Background:Many audiologists believe that auditory processing testing must be carried out in a soundproof booth. This expectation is especially a problem in places such as elementary schools. Research comparing pure-tone thresholds obtained in sound booths compared to quiet test
environments outside of these booths does not support that belief. Auditory processing testing is generally carried out at above threshold levels, and therefore may be even less likely to require a soundproof booth. The present study was carried out to compare test results in soundproof booths
versus quiet rooms.Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine whether auditory processing tests can be administered in a quiet test room rather than in the soundproof test suite. The outcomes would identify that audiologists can provide auditory processing testing for children
under various test conditions including quiet rooms at their school.Research Design: A battery of auditory processing tests was administered at a test level equivalent to 50 dB HL through headphones. The same equipment was used for testing in both locations.Study Sample:Twenty
participants identified with normal hearing were included in this study, ten having no auditory processing concerns and ten exhibiting auditory processing problems. All participants underwent a battery of tests, both inside the test booth and outside the booth in a quiet room. Order of testing
(inside versus outside) was counterbalanced.Data Collection and Analysis:Participants were first determined to have normal hearing thresholds for tones and speech. Auditory processing tests were recorded and presented from an HP EliteBook laptop computer with noise-canceling headphones
attached to a y-cord that not only presented the test stimuli to the participants but also allowed monitor headphones to be worn by the evaluator. The same equipment was used inside as well as outside the booth.Results:No differences were found for each auditory processing measure as
a function of the test setting or the order in which testing was done, that is, in the booth or in the room.Conclusions:Results from the present study indicate that one can obtain the same results on auditory processing tests, regardless of whether testing is completed in a soundproof
booth or in a quiet test environment. Therefore, audiologists should not be required to test for auditory processing in a soundproof booth. This study shows that audiologists can conduct testing in a quiet room so long as the background noise is sufficiently controlled.
Cortical Auditory-Evoked Potential and Behavioral Evidence for Differences in Auditory Processing between Good and Poor Readers
Authors: Barker Matthew D. , Kuruvilla-Mathew Abin , Purdy Suzanne C.
Published: November 2016

Background:The relationship between auditory processing (AP) and reading is thought to be significant; however our understanding of this relationship is somewhat limited. Previous studies have investigated the relation between certain electrophysiological and behavioral measures
of AP and reading abilities in children. This study attempts to further understand that relation.Purpose:Differences in AP between good and poor readers were investigated using electrophysiological and behavioral measures.Study Sample:Thirty-two children (15 female) aged 9‐11
yr were placed in either a good reader group or poor reader group, based on the scores of a nationally normed reading test in New Zealand.Research Design:Children were initially tested using an automated behavioral measuring system that runs through a tablet computer known as “Feather
Squadron.” Following the administration of Feather Squadron, cortical auditory-evoked potentials (CAEPs) were recorded using a speech stimulus (/m/) with the HEARLab® Cortical Auditory Evoked Potential Analyzer.Data Collection and Analysis:The children were evaluated
on eight subsections of the Feather Squadron, and CAEP waveform peaks were visually identified and averaged. Separate Kruskal‐Wallis analyses were performed for the behavioral and electrophysiological variables, with group (good versus poor readers) serving as the between-group independent
variable and scores from the Feather Squadron AP tasks as well as CAEP latencies and amplitudes as dependent variables. After the children’s AP status was determined, the entire group was further divided into three groups: typically developing, auditory processing disorder + reading
difficulty (APD + RD), and RDs only. Statistical analyses were repeated for these subgroups.Results:Poorer readers showed significantly worse scores than the good readers for the Tonal Pattern 1, Tonal Pattern 2, and Word Double Dichotic Right tasks. CAEP differences observed across
groups indicated comorbid effects of RD and AP difficulties. N2 amplitude was significantly smaller for the poor readers.Conclusions:The current study found altered AP in poor readers using behavioral Feather Squadron measures and speech-evoked cortical potentials. These results provide
further evidence that intact central auditory function is fundamental for reading development.
First detection of the adventive large rove beetle Ocypus nitens (Schrank) in Canada and an update of its Nearctic distribution using data generated by the public
Authors: Brunke Adam
Published: November 2016

The adventive rove beetle Ocypus nitens (Staphylinidae: Staphylininae) is newly recorded in Canada (Ontario) and the state of Vermont, and additional range expansion is documented. The updated distribution of this large, conspicuous species is based mostly on data from digital photographs posted by users of the online community BugGuide. All available data are summarized and made available as a DarwinCore dataset, and an updated distribution map is provided. Citizen-generated distributional data continues to be a valuable ally in the detection of adventive insects and the study of their distributional dynamics.
Longterm Beneficial Effect of Canakinumab in Colchicine-resistant Familial Mediterranean Fever
Authors: Laskari Katerina , Boura Panagiota , Dalekos George N. , Garyfallos Alexandros , Karokis Dimitrios , Pikazis Dimitrios , Settas Loukas , Skarantavos Grigoris , Tsitsami Elena , Sfikakis Petros P.
Published: November 2016

Objective.

To assess the efficacy and safety of the interleukin-1β (IL-1β) inhibitor canakinumab in all adolescent and adult patients with familial Mediterranean fever (FMF) identified from the Greek National Registry for off-label drug use between 2010 and 2015.

Methods.

In this retrospective longitudinal outcome study, clinical and laboratory data were collected from 14 patients (7 men) aged median 38.5 years (range 13–70), with median disease duration of 14 years, and active FMF despite colchicine (n = 9) or both colchicine and anakinra (n = 5).

Results.

All patients continued to receive canakinumab at last visit (median of 18 mos, range 13–53), which was initially given as monotherapy (n = 8) or in combination with colchicine and/or corticosteroids, every 4 (n = 7), 6 (n = 2), or 8 weeks (n = 5). Eleven patients (79%), including 6 receiving monotherapy, achieved complete clinical remission within 2 months (median), while normalization of all laboratory variables denoting inflammation occurred in 92% at 3 months (median). The remaining 3 patients achieved partial responses. Responses were sustained in all but 4 patients, who relapsed. Reducing the canakinumab administration interval from 8 or 6 weeks to 4 weeks led to suppression of disease activity in the relapsing patients. On the other hand, drug administration interval could be safely increased in 2 patients in remission. Corticosteroid doses were significantly reduced during followup. Canakinumab was well tolerated; 1 patient experienced a urinary tract infection and another one a viral gastroenteritis.

Conclusion.

Treatment with canakinumab in an individualized dosing scheme results in rapid and sustained remission in colchicine-resistant FMF.
Work Disability in Newly Diagnosed Patients with Primary Sjögren Syndrome
Authors: Mandl Thomas , Jørgensen Tanja Schjødt , Skougaard Marie , Olsson Peter , Kristensen Lars-Erik
Published: November 2016

Objective.

To study longterm work disability and possible predictors in newly diagnosed patients with primary Sjögren syndrome (pSS).

Methods.

Because we wanted to include only patients with full work availability potential, eligible patients were aged 18–62 years. Fifty-one patients (mean age 46 yrs, range 18–61 yrs, 50 women) diagnosed with pSS between January 2001 and December 2012 were included in the study. For each patient we randomly selected 4 reference subjects from the general population and matched for age, sex, and area of residence. We linked data to the Swedish Social Insurance Agency and calculated the proportion as well as net days of work disability in 30-day intervals from 12 months before pSS diagnosis until 24 months after .

Results.

Work disability was increased in patients with pSS in comparison to general population comparators. At diagnosis, 26% of patients were work-disabled, while 37% and 41% were disabled at 12 and 24 months after diagnosis, respectively (p < 0.05 and p < 0.05 vs baseline). Prior work disability status at diagnosis (OR 15.4, 95% CI 2.9–81.9; p = 0.001), concomitant fibromyalgia (OR 10.5, 95% CI 2.0–56.0; p = 0.006), and each additional year of age (OR 1.1, 95% CI 1.0–1.2; p = 0.009) were found to be associated with work disability 24 months after diagnosis.

Conclusion.

Patients with pSS showed an increased work disability, in comparison with the general population, which increased significantly during the first 2 years after diagnosis. Work disability at diagnosis, concomitant fibromyalgia, and increasing age, but not anti-SSA/anti-SSB antibodies or disease activity, were associated with longterm work disability.
Les limites de l’empathie : Construction du mal et victimaires
Authors: Lachal Christian
Published: November 2016

Nous commencerons par questionner les termes principaux de notre propos : le bourreau, les lois et leur rapport au juste et à la coutume. Mais aussi comment une société peut basculer vers le mal à partir d’une altération d’une seule de ses fonctions : l’appartenance. Les exécuteurs deviennent alors légitimés, ils répondent à un nouveau cadre légal dans lequel le meurtre est ‘moral’. Ce processus préparatoire fabrique des hommes qui peuvent justifier leurs actes, les juger comme un travail indispensable. Cela ne les préserve pas du risque d’empathie devant certaines de leurs victimes, d’une excitation, brutalisation produites par leurs actions, ce qui les amènent à la cruauté et à une forme de mélancolie honteuse : le secret du bourreau. Un exemple clinique nous permet de souligner les risques liés à une trop forte adhésion au statut de victime du patient et de faire émerger l’image du victimaire.
Performance and digestibility in feedlot lambs fed hay based diets
Authors: Oliveira Euclides Reuter de , Monção Flávio Pinto , Gabriel Andréa Maria de Araújo , Fernandes Alexandre Rodrigo Mendes , Moura Lais Valenzuela , Nascimento Felipe De Almeida
Published: November 2016

This study aimed to evaluate the performance of feedlot lambs fed diets formulated with hay of different genotypes of Cynodon spp. and to compare the dry matter digestibility of diets using different evaluation methods (total fecal collection and chromium oxide). Suffolk crossbred neutered male lambs (n=30), with an average age of 90 days and average body weight of 21.5 kg ± 1.6. Diets were formulated using a standard concentrate and hay of the following genotypes of Cynodon dactylon: Jiggs, Vaquero, Tifton 68, Coast-Cross, Tifton 85 and Russell, in a 60:40 forage concentrate ratio, composing the treatments distributed in a randomized block design in a factorial 5 x 2 arrangement of 5 diets and 2 digestibility evaluation methods. Animals receiving Vaquero hay showed dry matter intake of 18.3; 16.9; 25.6; 20.7 and 24.2% higher than those fed hay of Jiggs, Tifton 68, Coast Cross, Tifton 85 and Russell, respectively. There was no difference between diets for digestibility using total fecal collection, chromium oxide and final weight of animals. Jiggs hay based diets allowed greater daily weight gain and better feed conversion.
Chemical composition of sorghum genotypes silages
Authors: Moura Marielly Maria Almeida , Pires Daniel Ananias de Assis , Rodrigues José Avelino Santos , Sales Eleuza Clarete Junqueira de , Costa Renê Ferreira , Tolentino Daniella Cangussú
Published: November 2016

The objective was to select sorghum genotypes for silage production using its chemical characteristics. The experiment was carried out in the facilities of Embrapa Maize and Sorghum in Sete Lagoas, state of Minas Gerais, to evaluate the agronomic characteristics, and nutritional quality of silage of twelve sorghum genotypes. We used a randomized block design with three replications. In relation to the production of green matter, the genotypes SF15 Volumax and BR610 stood out (52.07; 48.00 and 41.87 ton ha-1). Regarding pH, genotypes 1015339, 1015347, 1016007, SF15, BRS655, Volumax and BR610 averaged 3.68. All genotypes were similar considering the nutritional value, ammonia nitrogen and water activity. The genotypes SF15, Volumax and BRS610 showed the highest productivity per area, representing the best options for silage production.
Harvest growth stages in soybean cultivars intended for silage
Authors: Oliveira Raquel Dias , Silva Carla Michelle , Mielezrski Fábio , Lima José Sidnei Bezerra , Edvan Ricardo Loiola
Published: November 2016

This study aimed to characterize the harvest phenological stages of soybean cultivars intended for silage. Cultivars were evaluated for dry weight of the composite sample, branches, leaves and pods; wet mass of branches, leaves, pods and ground natural matter. This experiment was a 3 x 2 factorial randomized block design, with four replications each, where the first factor corresponds to the harvest stage: R4, R5 and R6; and the second factor refers to two soybean maturity groups (8.0 and 8.1). A significant interaction was detected only for ground natural matter. Higher values of most traits evaluated were observed for the R6 harvest phenological stage. The cultivar with maturity group 8.0 showed higher values for ground natural matter.
Species Richness of Arboreal Ant Assemblages (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) and Frequency of Oecophylla Smaragdina (Fabricius) Occurrence in A Wet Zone Cashew (Anacardium Occidentale L.) Field in Sri Lanka
Authors: Dias R. K. S. , Perera A. P. S.
Published: November 2016

Ant assemblages on cashew trees in the wet zone of Sri Lanka were recorded throughout three phenological phases from March to June in 2015. Baited trapping and hand collection recorded fourteen ant species in five subfamilies and species richness observed on each occasion ranged from 7 to 11. Absence of serious cashew pests was noticeable in the current phenological cycle. Oecophylla smaragdina (Fabricius) was the only species recorded on all trees. Number of O. smaragdina nests observed on the same cashew trees in the two plots was recorded from April to June in 2015 and nests of the species were observed only on large and medium-sized trees. The materials carried by O. smaragdina workers on cashew tree branches were also collected, preserved in 70% ethanol and identified as far as possible using a Low Power Stereo-microscope and various plant and animal materials carried by workers confirmed that the species is an omnivore and a generalist predator. In the current study absence of serious damages caused by the cashew insect pests even without any insecticide application might be due to the presence of ant assemblages on cashew trees.
Occurrence of harmful algal species and shellfish toxicity in Sardinia (Italy)
Authors: Bazzoni Anna Maria , Mudadu Alessandro Graziano , Lorenzoni Giuseppa , Arras Igor , Lugliè Antonella , Vivaldi Barbara , Cicotelli Valentina , Sanna Giovanna , Tedde Giuseppe , Ledda Salvatore , Alesso Enrico , Marongiu Edoardo , Virgilio Sebastiano
Published: November 2016

Sardinia (Italy, north-western Mediterranean) is a commercially important producer of edible bivalve molluscs. Since the early 2000s, it was subjected to recurring cases of mussel farm closures due to toxic algal poison. Here, we present the studies on toxin concentrations and the associated potentially toxic phytoplankton distribution and abundances carried out by a regular monitoring programme in Sardinian shellfish areas, from January to May 2015. DSP toxins were detected in several bivalve molluscs samples, while PSP and ASP toxins were present just once, without exceeding the legal limits. Potentially toxic algal species have been constantly present. Pseudo-nitzschia species were often present during the entire study often with high abundances, while Dinophysis species reached high densities sporadically. Among PSP phytoplankton, only Alexandrium minutum Halim was found. The data obtained in this study showed an increase in the DSP toxicity in mussels in Sardinia. No clear relation between the occurrence of toxins in shellfish and the presence of toxic algal species was found, although a slight correlation between DSP toxins and Dinophysis species could be supported.
Occurrence of parasites of the genus Eustrongylides spp. (Nematoda: Dioctophymatidae) in fish caught in Trasimeno lake, Italy
Authors: Branciari Raffaella , Ranucci David , Miraglia Dino , Valiani Andrea , Veronesi Fabrizia , Urbani Eleonora , Lo Vaglio Giovanni , Pascucci Luisa , Franceschini Raffaella
Published: November 2016

Eustrongylides spp. is considered a freshwater fish zoonotic nematode. In the present study, the prevalence of Eustrongylides spp. in six edible fish (European perch - Perca fluviatilis, goldfish - Carassius auratus, largemouth black bass - Micropterus salmoides, tench- Tinca tinca, carp - Cyprinus carpio and sand smelt - Atherina boyeri) of Trasimeno lake was surveyed. The investigations were conducted from October 2014 to September 2015 and 384 specimens per species for each season were caught in Trasimeno lake and examined for the presence of larvae in the abdominal cavity and muscle. The presence of nematodes in the abdominal cavity and musculature was revealed in three fish species. The prevalence of Eustrongylides spp. infection was 6.84, 1.89 and 0.13% in perch, largemouth black bass and sand smelt, respectively. The number of parasites per fish was only one in largemouth black bass and sand smelt and ranged from one up to three in perch. This study states that the European perch, largemouth black bass and sand smelt of Trasimeno lake are infected with zoonotic parasites; therefore, food business operators have to take appropriate measures to guarantee the health of consumers.
Study of acrylamide level in food from vending machines
Authors: Haouet Naceur , Pistolese Simona , Branciari Raffaella , Ranucci David , Altissimi Maria Serena
Published: November 2016

Acrylamide is a byproduct of the Maillard reaction and is potentially carcinogenic to humans. It is found in a number of foods with higher concentrations in carbohydrate-rich foods and moderate levels of protein-rich foods such as meat, fish and seafood. Acrylamide levels in food distributed in vending machines placed in public areas of the city of Perugia were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography. Samples included five different categories, depending on the characteristics of the products: 1) potato chips; 2) salted bakery products; 3) biscuits and wafers; 4) sweet bakery products; 5) sandwiches. A high variability in acrylamide level among different foods and within the same category was detected. Potato chips showed the highest amount of acrylamide (1781±637 μg/kg) followed by salted bakery products (211±245 μg/kg), biscuits and wafers (184±254 μg/kg), sweet bakery products (100±72 μg/kg) and sandwiches (42±10 μg/kg). In the potato chips and sandwiches categories, all of the samples revealed the presence of acrylamide while different prevalence was registered in the other foods considered. The data of this study highlight the presence of acrylamide in different foods sold in vending machines and this data could be useful to understand the contribution of this type of consumption to human exposure to this compound.
Microbiological contamination in three large-scale pig slaughterhouses in Northern Italy
Authors: Di Ciccio Pierluigi , Ossiprandi Maria Cristina , Zanardi Emanuela , Ghidini Sergio , Belluzzi Giancarlo , Vergara Alberto , Ianieri Adriana
Published: November 2016

The aim of this survey was to obtain data on microbiological contamination of pig carcasses and environments in three large-scale Italian slaughterhouses (identified as A-B-C) located in Northern Italy. Each slaughterhouse was visited six times. Five carcasses and three different sites of the slaughterhouse (before and during slaughter) were sampled on each sampling day. A single pooled caecal sample was taken on each sampling day. A total of 90 carcasses, 108 environmental samples and 18 caecal samples were collected. Samples from pig carcasses and slaughterhouse environment were analyzed for Total Viable Count (TVC), Enterobacteriaceae count (EBC) and Salmonella. The caecal contents were examined for Salmonella. Carcasses from slaughterhouse A presented the greatest TVC and EBC mean log value, whereas environmental samples collected during slaughter activities from slaughterhouse C showed the greatest TVC and EBC mean log value. As far as the environmental samples collected before slaughter activities are concerned, an average up to 6 log10 CFU/cm2 TVC in two slaughter plants (A and C) and 5 log10 CFU/cm2 TVC in one slaughter plant (B) was detected. Salmonella was recovered in two slaughterhouses (A and B). Four different Salmonella serotypes were detected in the positive samples (11). Within serotype S. Rissen and S. Typhimurium monophasic-variant isolates, two PFGE patterns were identified. The findings in this survey suggest that carcass contamination is influenced by the slaughterhouse plant and this could be a result of differences in line speed. The results of environmental sampling have not shown an association with the slaughterhouse plant.
Sustainability of the integrated chronic disease management model at primary care clinics in South Africa
Authors: Mahomed Ozayr H. , Asmall Shaidah , Voce Anna
Published: November 2016

Background: An integrated chronic disease management (ICDM) model consisting of four components (facility reorganisation, clinical supportive management, assisted self-supportive management and strengthening of support systems and structures outside the facility) has been implemented across 42 primary health care clinics in South Africa with a view to improve the operational efficiency and patient clinical outcomes.Aim: The aim of this study was to assess the sustainability of the facility reorganisation and clinical support components 18 months after the initiation.Setting: The study was conducted at 37 of the initiating clinics across three districts in three provinces of South Africa.Methods: The National Health Service (NHS) Institute for Innovation and Improvement Sustainability Model (SM) self-assessment tool was used to assess sustainability.Results: Bushbuckridge had the highest mean sustainability score of 71.79 (95% CI: 63.70–79.89) followed by West Rand Health District (70.25 (95% CI: 63.96–76.53)) and Dr Kenneth Kaunda District (66.50 (95% CI: 55.17–77.83)). Four facilities (11%) had an overall sustainability score of less than 55.Conclusion: The less than optimal involvement of clinical leadership (doctors), negative staff behaviour towards the ICDM, adaptability or flexibility of the model to adapt to external factors and infrastructure limitation have the potential to negatively affect the sustainability and scale-up of the model.
Prevalence and risk factors of hypertension and diabetes in the Katkari tribe of coastal Maharashtra
Authors: Deo MG , Pawar PV , Kanetkar SR , Kakade SV
Published: November 2016

Background and Objectives:

Urban and rural India are both going through health epidemiological transition and will soon face huge burden of noncommunicable diseases (NCDs). Information on the status of NCDs in tribals is limited. Although the prevalence of hypertension in scheduled tribes (STs) has been studied in several states by the National Nutrition Monitoring Bureau, tribe-specific data are very scanty. The objective of this study was to generate data on the status of hypertension and diabetes, the two objectively measurable NCDs in Katkaris, the dominant ST in the Raigad district of coastal Maharashtra.

Methods:

The study was conducted in 410 adult Katkaris (women 219) of both sexes of ≥18 years of age in three adjoining tehsils of the district. Using the Institution Review Board approved protocol; information was obtained on sociodemographic parameters, educational level, dietary pattern, and substance abuse. Prevalence of overweight, hypertension, and diabetes was measured using standard field-based procedures and techniques.

Results:

Katkaris, who are mostly landless manual laborers, subsist on a protein-poor, imbalanced diet. About half of women and one-third of men have body mass index (BMI) <18.5 kg/m2, an indication of undernutrition. On the other hand, about 2% of participants were obese (BMI ≥30 kg/m2). The overall prevalence of hypertension and diabetes was 16.8% and 7.3%, respectively. Hypercholesterolemia was recorded in about 3% of the participants.

Interpretation and Conclusions:

Prevalence of diabetes and hypertension in Katkaris is still lower than that of urban and rural populations, closer to the latter. This may be due to the absence of known risk factors such as obesity, sedentary lifestyle, and hyperlipidemia in this community. Fast acculturation of the STs suggests that NCDs will soon become a major health issue in them too. It is time to launch a multicentric national study to gather baseline information on the status of NCDs in STs.
Diagnostic and Clinical Management of Skull Fractures in Children
Authors: Arneitz Christoph , Sinzig Maria , Fasching Günter
Published: November 2016

Objective:

The indications of routine skull X-rays after mild head trauma are still in discussion, and the clinical management of a child with a skull fracture remains controversial. The aim of our retrospective study was to evaluate our diagnostic and clinical management of children with skull fractures following minor head trauma.

Methods:

We worked up the medical history of all consecutive patients with a skull fracture treated in our hospital from January 2009 to October 2014 and investigated all skull X-rays in our hospital during this period.

Results:

In 5217 skull radiographies, 66 skull fractures (1.3%) were detected. The mean age of all our patients was 5.9 years (median age: 4.0 years); the mean age of patients with a diagnosed skull fracture was 2.3 years (median age: 0.8 years). A total of 1658 children (32%) were <2 years old. A typical boggy swelling was present in 61% of all skull fractures. The majority of injuries were caused by falls (77%). Nine patients (14%) required a computed tomography (CT) scan during their hospital stay due to neurological symptoms, and four patients had a brain magnetic resonance imaging. Nine patients (14%) showed an intracranial hemorrhage (ICH; mean age: 7.3 years); one patient had a neurosurgery because of a depressed skull fracture. Nine patients (14%) were observed at our pediatric intensive care unit for a mean time of 2.9 days. The mean hospital stay was 4.2 days.

Conclusions:

Our findings support previous evidence against the routine use of skull X-rays for evaluation of children with minor head injury. The rate of diagnosed skull fractures in radiographs following minor head trauma is low, and additional CT scans are not indicated in asymptomatic patient with a linear skull fracture. All detected ICHs could be treated conservatively. Children under the age of 2 years have the highest risk of skull fractures after minor head trauma, but do not have a higher incidence of intracranial bleeding. Neuroobservation without initial CT scans is safe in infants and children following minor head trauma and CT scans should be reserved for patients with neurological symptoms.
Global biogenic volatile organic compound emissions in the ORCHIDEE and MEGAN models and sensitivity to key parameters
Authors: Messina Palmira , Lathière Juliette , Sindelarova Katerina , Vuichard Nicolas , Granier Claire , Ghattas Josefine , Cozic Anne , Hauglustaine Didier A.
Published: November 2016

Abstract. A new version of the biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOCs) emission scheme has been developed in the global vegetation model ORCHIDEE (Organizing Carbon and Hydrology in Dynamic EcosystEm), which includes an extended list of biogenic emitted compounds, updated emission factors (EFs), a dependency on light for almost all compounds and a multi-layer radiation scheme. Over the 2000–2009 period, using this model, we estimate mean global emissions of 465 Tg C yr−1 for isoprene, 107.5 Tg C yr−1 for monoterpenes, 38 Tg C yr−1 for methanol, 25 Tg C yr−1 for acetone and 24 Tg C yr−1 for sesquiterpenes. The model results are compared to state-of-the-art emission budgets, showing that the ORCHIDEE emissions are within the range of published estimates. ORCHIDEE BVOC emissions are compared to the estimates of the Model of Emissions of Gases and Aerosols from Nature (MEGAN), which is largely used throughout the biogenic emissions and atmospheric chemistry community. Our results show that global emission budgets of the two models are, in general, in good agreement. ORCHIDEE emissions are 8 % higher for isoprene, 8 % lower for methanol, 17 % higher for acetone, 18 % higher for monoterpenes and 39 % higher for sesquiterpenes, compared to the MEGAN estimates. At the regional scale, the largest differences between ORCHIDEE and MEGAN are highlighted for isoprene in northern temperate regions, where ORCHIDEE emissions are higher by 21 Tg C yr−1, and for monoterpenes, where they are higher by 4.4 and 10.2 Tg C yr−1 in northern and southern tropical regions compared to MEGAN. The geographical differences between the two models are mainly associated with different EF and plant functional type (PFT) distributions, while differences in the seasonal cycle are mostly driven by differences in the leaf area index (LAI). Sensitivity tests are carried out for both models to explore the response to key variables or parameters such as LAI and light-dependent fraction (LDF). The ORCHIDEE and MEGAN emissions are differently affected by LAI changes, with a response highly depending on the compound considered. Scaling the LAI by a factor of 0.5 and 1.5 changes the isoprene global emission by −21 and +8 % for ORCHIDEE and −15 and +7 % for MEGAN, and affects the global emissions of monoterpenes by −43 and +40 % for ORCHIDEE and −11 and +3 % for MEGAN. Performing a further sensitivity test, forcing ORCHIDEE with the MODIS LAI, confirms the high sensitivity of the ORCHIDEE emission module to LAI variation. We find that MEGAN is more sensitive to variation in the LDF parameter than ORCHIDEE. Our results highlight the importance and the need to further explore the BVOC emission estimate variability and the potential for using models to investigate the estimated uncertainties.
Plasma fluctuations at the flanks of the Earth's magnetosheath at ion kinetic scales
Authors: Rakhmanova Liudmila , Riazantseva Maria , Zastenker Georgy
Published: November 2016

Abstract. We present a statistical study of the magnetosheath plasma fluctuation spectra at a high-frequency range (with frequencies from 0.01 to 10 Hz). Variations of ion flux value and its direction are considered. The direction of ion flux is characterized by a polar angle – the deviation of the ion flux vector from the Sun–Earth line. We consider 290 Fourier's spectra that can be described by two power laws with a break, i.e., a change of slope. The ion flux fluctuation spectra are shown to have breaks at higher frequencies compared to the polar angle spectra. We compare the frequency of the break with the gyrostructure frequency for a number of cases. We show the polar angle break frequency to usually be smaller than the gyrostructure frequency. The dependencies of spectrum parameters such as the slopes and the break frequency on plasma parameters are also considered.
Decadal resolution record of Oman margin upwelling indicates
persistent solar forcing of the Indian summer monsoon after the
early Holocene summer insolation maximum
Authors: Munz Philipp M. , Steinke Stephan , Böll Anna , Lückge Andreas , Groeneveld Jeroen , Kucera Michal , Schulz Hartmut
Published: November 2016

Abstract. The Indian summer monsoon (ISM) brings most of the annual precipitation to the densely populated region in southern Asia. For the agricultural development and economic prosperity of the region, it is therefore vital to assess the variability of the monsoon system on societal relevant decadal- to centennial time scales. This might help to better understand how potential driving forces might be controlling ISM variability and how it might develop under future climate scenarios. Here we present a study of a sediment core from the northern Oman margin, revealing early- to mid Holocene ISM conditions on a near 20-year resolution. We assess multiple independent proxies indicative of sea surface temperatures (SST) during the upwelling season together with bottom water conditions. We use geochemical parameters, transfer functions of planktic foraminiferal assemblages and Mg/Ca paleothermometry and find evidence corroborating previous studies that upwelling intensity varies significantly in coherence to solar sunspot cycles. The dominant ~80–90-year Gleissberg cycle was apparently also affecting bottom water oxygen conditions. Although the interval from 8.4 to 5.8 ka B.P. is relatively short, the gradually decreasing trend of summer monsoon conditions was interrupted by short events of intensified ISM conditions. Results from both independent SST proxies are linked to phases of weaker OMZ conditions and enhanced carbonate preservation. This indicates that atmospheric forcing was intimately linked to bottom water properties and state of the OMZ on decadal time scales.
Initiation of a major calving event on Bowdoin Glacier captured by
UAV photogrammetry
Authors: Jouvet Guillaume , Weidmann Yvo , Seguinot Julien , Funk Martin , Abe Takahiro , Sakakibara Daiki , Seddik Hakime , Sugiyama Shin
Published: November 2016

Abstract. In this paper, we analyse the calving activity of Bowdoin Glacier, north-west Greenland, in 2015 by combining satellite images, UAV (Unmanned Aerial Vehicles) photogrammetry and ice flow modelling. In particular, a high-resolution displacement field is inferred from UAV orthoimages taken immediately before and after the initiation of a large fracture, which induced a major calving event. A detailed analysis of the strain rate field allows us to map accurately the path taken by the opening crack. Modelling results reveal i) that the crack was more than half-thickness deep, filled with water, and getting irreversibly deeper when it was captured by the UAV and ii) that the crack initiated in an area of high horizontal shear caused by a local basal bump immediately behind the current calving front. The asymmetry of the bed at the front explains the systematic calving pattern observed in May and July–August 2015. As a corollary, we infer that the calving front of Bowdoin Glacier is currently stabilized by this bedrock bump and might enter in an unstable mode and retreat rapidly if the glacier keeps thinning in the coming years. Beyond this outcome, our study demonstrates that the combination of UAV photogrammetry and ice flow modelling is a promising tool to track horizontally and vertically the propagation of fractures responsible for large calving events.
Entre lírica y teatro: tradiciones y confluencias genéricas en la «Égloga de Torino»
Authors: Agraz Ortiz Alba
Published: November 2016

Este trabajo estudia una de las primeras obras pastoriles del teatro castellano, la «Égloga de Torino», incluida en la anónima ficción sentimental Question de amor (Valencia, 1513). Partiendo de su lectura detallada y atendiendo especialmente, por un lado, a su construcción dramática y, por otro, a la retórica empleada, se pretende iluminar la encrucijada literaria y cultural en la que se inserta. El análisis estructural y el examen de los diálogos permiten establecer una red de relaciones con las tradiciones literarias y paraliterarias que están detrás de la obrita (incipiente teatro castellano de estirpe enciniana, poesía de cancionero, sociedad y fiesta cortesana), así como discutir otras y plantear el grado de vinculación con la coetánea égloga dramática italiana.
La politique de Dieu: una traducción desconocida de la obra de Quevedo, en un manuscrito del siglo XVII
Authors: Alonso Veloso María José
Published: November 2016

Este artículo pretende dar noticia del hallazgo de una desconocida traducción al francés de la obra Política de Dios, de Francisco de Quevedo, en un manuscrito del siglo XVII custodiado en una biblioteca de Francia. La localización del códice otorga credibilidad a las noticias del controvertido librero Roberto Duport, quien mencionaba ya versiones francesas e italianas previas a su edición zaragozana de 1626. Al tiempo, obliga a corregir las afirmaciones de la crítica, que suponía que en Francia sólo había interesado la obra burlesca de Quevedo hasta épocas recientes, particularmente el Buscón y los Sueños, y negaba la existencia de traducciones al francés de su literatura política debido a la falta de testimonios manuscritos o impresos. De hecho, hay cada vez más indicios del interés que en Europa suscitaron sus textos políticos y morales de forma inmediata, en los siglos XVII y XVIII. La traducción, titulada La politique de Dieu, le gouvernement de Jesus Christ et la tirannie de Satan, como las versiones primitivas que le sirvieron de modelo, destaca por su fidelidad a la fuente, sorprendente si se compara con casos como el del Buscón de La Geneste. De autor desconocido, esta versión francesa se dedica a un consejero de la corte de Luis XIII, presumiblemente Gabriel Maillot, «Conseiller du Roy controlleur ordinaire des Guerres», a quien el traductor transmite un llamativo agradecimiento de Quevedo, que debía de estar vivo entonces, un hecho que avalaría la datación temprana de la traducción.
Último round de Cortázar : el collage-síntesis de un proceso
Authors: Batres Cuevas Izara
Published: November 2016

Analizamos los principios poéticos que presiden la escritura de Los tres cuadernos rojos, el primer volumen de dietarios publicado por José Jiménez Lozano. Con ellos contribuye el escritor abulense a la vitalidad del género y se suma al continuum de la tradición literaria, ofreciendo los frutos de su diálogo constante con la cultura occidental. Nos detenemos especialmente en el análisis de dos de los núcleos temáticos que vertebran su pensamiento: las reflexiones teológicas, que muestran su interés por la dimensión espiritual y religiosa del hombre de su tiempo y las reflexiones históricas, que ofrecen una disección de la sociedad de su tiempo.
"Del Orlando Furioso" a "Las lágrimas de Angélica. La mujer del Orco como mágica heredera de Canidia y Ericto"
Authors: Lara Alberola Eva
Published: November 2016

Este trabajo gira en torno al personaje de Canidia, de Las lágrimas de Angélica de Luis Barahona de Soto (1586), un poema épico que bebe en gran parte del Orlando furioso de Ariosto. Y precisamente Canidia, la esposa del Orco, es heredera de la matrona del Orco ariostesca; sin embargo, poco posee en común con tal figura, aparte de estar casada con el terrible monstruo. Si en esta última hallamos a una indiscutible auxiliar del héroe, en la primera encontramos principalmente una oponente, que se caracterizará por ser una hechicera de Tesalia (y una figura muy cercana a la de la ogresa) y cuyas antecesoras son, directamente, la Canidia de los Épodos de Horacio y la Ericto de la Farsalia de Lucano.
Ancient Buildings and Masonry Techniques in the Southern Hauran, Jordan
Authors: Anastasio Stefano , Gilento Piero , Parenti Roberto
Published: November 2016

Umm al-Surab, located near modern-day Mafraq in northern Jordan, was the focus of a building archaeology project carried out by the University of Siena, Italy, between 2009 and 2012. This article discusses the primary results obtained from that project—in particular, the research on the church of Saints Sergius and Bacchus and another complex in the southeastern corner of the archaeological area. The methodologies adopted are explored, as well as the results anticipated from the development of this type of research: the creation of an atlas of construction techniques for the southern Hauran and the development of a non-destructive, and therefore “sustainable,” investigation methodology.
Did They Really Forget How to Do It? Iraq, Syria, and the International Response to Protect a Shared Heritage
Authors: Lababidi Rim , Qassar Hiba
Published: November 2016

The instrumental role played by the Monuments Men in protecting and rebuilding the cultural life of Europe inspired the international community to enforce the protection of cultural heritage following World War II. Accordingly, UNESCO was internationally acknowledged as the main body to preserve and protect cultural heritage, supported by several other specialized partners. Nevertheless, several nations experienced great cultural loss. This article discusses the systematic protection of cultural heritage in times of war, set by the international community under the lead of UNESCO. The argument here is built upon a comparative analysis of the damage that Iraqi and Syrian heritage have suffered and of the international response to mitigate it, especially in the context of “shared heritage.” This article suggests developing a response that can practically protect the cultural heritage of countries in crisis.