bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: Experimental and Theoretical Studies on Regiocontrol of Benzyne Reactions Using Silyl and Boryl Directing Groups
Authors: Ikawa Takashi , Tokiwa Hiroaki , Akai Shuji
Published: June 2013

Review: 83 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Dithieno[3,2‐b:2′,3′‐d]phospholes: A Look Back at the First Decade
Authors: Romero‐Nieto Carlos , Baumgartner Thomas
Published: June 2013

Review: 45 refs.
Flow prediction in cerebral aneurysms based on geometry reconstruction from 3D rotational angiography
Authors: Mikhal J. , Kroon D.J. , Slump C.H. , Geurts B.J.
Published: June 2013

We present an immersed boundary (IB) method for the simulation of steady blood flow inside a realistic cerebral aneurysm. We reconstruct a segment of the cerebrovascular system that contains an aneurysm, by using medical images obtained with three dimensional rotational angiography (3DRA). The main focus is on evaluating the sensitivity of flow predictions to the various steps of the vascular reconstruction process. Starting from the raw medical data, we analyze the fluid‐mechanical consequences of the steps needed to generate the IB masking function for our simulations. We illustrate the IB method by applying it to a realistic aneurysm and investigate the role of (i) numerical resolution of the geometry; (ii) the selection of the specific vascular segment used in the simulations; and (iii) the influence of the smoothness of the periodic vessel extension to complete the computational model. Because of an unavoidable degree of uncertainty in the medical images, the geometry of the vessels and the aneurysm can be reconstructed only approximately. We also incorporate these slight uncertainties in the masking function by introducing inner and outer ‘bounding’ geometries and analyze the sensitivity of the flow predictions to these variations in the masking function. The numerical solutions computed in the inner and outer bounding geometries provide practical upper and lower bounds for basic flow properties, thus quantifying the reliability of the numerical solution, subject to uncertainties in the geometry of the flow domain. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
CO Adsorption on N2‐Precovered NaY Faujasite: A FTIR Analysis of the Resulting Adsorbed Species
Authors: Cairon Olivier
Published: June 2013

To productively complete the information regarding the reversible adsorption of a gas mixture on the micropores of cationic zeolites, the adsorption of the two gases N2 and CO on NaY faujasite is taken as a model case study. We analyze herein CO adsorption (77 K) on two distinct N2‐precovered NaY sets (low and medium). We outline the continuous desorption of N2 adducts during CO admittance to full N2 desorption for the highest CO loadings. These features contrast with preceding results obtained for N2 loading on CO‐precovered NaY. By comparing these results with the sole CO admission and combining both studies regarding the co‐adsorption sets, we demonstrate the influence of the basic strength of the two gases regarding the nature of the surface‐adsorbed species formed. We also propose and discuss a hypothesis regarding the formation of adsorbed mixed species having both N2 and CO as ligands. These new findings strengthen the statistical response of IR signatures as a helpful proposal for analyzing adsorbed species and their assignments. This survey completes the molecular understanding of gas‐mixture adsorption that lacks experimental data to date.
Aromatic Chemicals by Iron‐Catalyzed Hydrotreatment of Lignin Pyrolysis Vapor
Authors: Olcese Roberto Nicolas , Lardier George , Bettahar Mohammed , Ghanbaja Jaafar , Fontana Sébastien , Carré Vincent , Aubriet Frédéric , Petitjean Dominique , Dufour Anthony
Published: June 2013

Lignin is a potential renewable material for the production of bio‐sourced aromatic chemicals. We present the first hydrotreatment of lignin pyrolysis vapors, before any condensation, using inexpensive and sustainable iron–silica (Fe/SiO2) and iron‐activated carbon (Fe/AC) catalysts. Lignin pyrolysis was conducted in a tubular reactor and vapors were injected in a fixed bed of catalysts (673 K, 1 bar) with stacks to investigate the profile of coke deposit. More than 170 GC‐analyzable compounds were identified by GCxGC (heart cutting)/flame ionization detector mass spectrometry. Lignin oligomers were analyzed by very high resolution mass spectrometry, called the “petroleomic” method. They are trapped by the catalytic fixed bed and, in particular, by the AC. The catalysts showed a good selectivity for the hydrodeoxygenation of real lignin vapors to benzene, toluene, xylenes, phenol, cresols, and alkyl phenols. The spent catalysts were characterized by temperature‐programmed oxidation, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and N2 sorption. Micropores in the Fe/AC catalyst are completely plugged by coke deposits, whereas the mesoporous structure of Fe/SiO2 is unaffected. TEM images reveal two different types of coke deposit: 1) catalytic coke deposited in the vicinity of iron particles and 2) thermal coke (carbonaceous particles ≈1 μm in diameter) formed from the gas‐phase growth of lignin oligomers.
Transformation between linear network features in convolution approach
Authors: Székely Vladimír , Szalai Albin
Published: June 2013

This paper deals with the description of general linear passive circuit features by using convolution equations. For this purpose, the variables of linear networks are transformed to the logarithmic scale, which is widely used in the case of frequency variable. On the other hand, it is an unconventional method for complex frequency and time variables.

The introduced relations are suitable for complex calculations in a direct and simple way. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Partnerships and Sustainable Development: the Lessons Learned from International Biodiversity Governance
Authors: Visseren‐Hamakers Ingrid J.
Published: June 2013

Over the past decade, partnerships have increasingly become a popular governance instrument for sustainable development. This article aims to improve our understanding of this instrument, and its contributions to and consequences for international sustainable development politics, by providing the lessons learned from international biodiversity governance. The article analyses 24 international partnerships working on forests, fisheries, conservation and climate change, using perspectives based on regime, governance and partnership literature. It concludes that the contribution of the partnerships should be evaluated as varying: only seven 'gems' of partnerships fulfil important governance functions; the others play less paramount roles. Partnerships have, however, contributed to the ongoing change in the manner in which biodiversity is governed, namely the institutionalization of intersectoral governance. The article promotes a more strategic use of the partnership instrument, taking into account its opportunities and limitations, to strengthen its contributions to international sustainable development. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.
Iron‐Catalyzed Ferrocenylmethanol OH Substitution by S, N, P, and C Nucleophiles
Authors: Mazzoni Rita , Salmi Mauro , Zacchini Stefano , Zanotti Valerio
Published: June 2013

The iron complex [Fp][OTf] {Fp+ = [Fe(CO)2(Cp)]+, OTf– = SO3CF3–} is an efficient catalyst for the direct substitution of the OH group in ferrocenylmethanol [Fc–CH2OH] by thiols, aromatic amines, diphenylphosphane, and carbon nucleophiles (furan, pyrrole, and indole). This approach offers a convenient route to ferrocenes containing side chains with different functional groups. The advantages of the method are associated with the use of a catalyst based on iron, which is a nontoxic and readily available transition metal, and in the direct OH substitution, which produces water as the only byproduct.
Two‐dimensional radial μ‐law companding quantiser for Laplacian source
Authors: Perić Zoran H. , Petković Marko D.
Published: June 2013

This paper provides analysis of two‐dimensional radial μ‐law companding quantiser for quantisation and coding of a signal that has Laplacian distribution. Closed‐form expressions are obtained, both for the distortion and the bitrate of an output signal. An approximate expression for the required number of radial levels is also given, as well as an algorithm for computing its exact value. Complete procedure is demonstrated on a few numerical examples, and a comparison is performed with classical scalar μ‐law companding quantiser. It is shown that our model improves maximal SQNR value for 3.5 dB, and has narrower characteristics in a wide range of input signal power. Among many others, the application in the speech coding is described in details.Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Elastic envelopes of porous sandstones
Authors: Guéguen Yves , Fortin Jérôme
Published: June 2013

In this paper we focus on the case of sandstones for which many experimental data are available. We present a simple 2‒D model derived from granular media mechanics. This model assumes that the granular microstructure is a key point to understand the mechanical behavior. We consider a periodic grain network and focus on the first‒order neighbors of a given grain. These approximations are sufficient to explain the overall mechanical behavior in the Q versus P stress space. In the low pressure range, the controlling micromechanism is assumed to be tensile failure at grain contacts. The “dilatant” envelope is found to be a straight line in the stress space. In the high pressure range, the controlling micromechanism is assumed to be grain fragmentation. The “compactant” envelope is found to be a straight line in the stress space. We observed that this 2‒D model slightly overestimates Q versus P slopes determined experimentally (2.3 instead of 1.5), which can be explained by the approximations made.
Lemierre syndrome: Study of 11 cases and literature review
Authors: Righini Christian Adrien , Karkas Alexandre , Tourniaire Romain , N'Gouan Jean‐Michel , Schmerber Sébastien , Reyt Emile , Atallah Ihab
Published: June 2013

Background

Lemierre syndrome is a rare but serious illness that associates throat infection and thrombosis of the internal jugular vein (IJV) or one of its tributaries with subsequent distant septic emboli. The purpose of our study was to review the pathogenesis, clinical presentation, and treatment of this disease.

Methods

Patients with confirmed Lemierre syndrome were included in our retrospective monocentric study. All patients had bacteriologic analyses as well as radiologic imaging.

Results

There were 11 patients in our study (from 1998–2012). Fusobacterium necrophorum was responsible for the infection in 45% of cases. Surgical drainage of pharyngeal, cervical, or mediastinal abscesses was carried out in 8 cases. All patients received broad‐spectrum antibiotics. Six patients were admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU). One patient (9%) died.

Conclusion

Treatment with broad‐spectrum antibiotics is the primary choice of treatment of Lemierre syndrome. Surgery is indicated in case of abscess formation. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 36: 1044–1051, 2014
Salicassin, an Unprecedented ChalconeDiterpene Adduct and a Quinone Methide Triterpenoid from Maytenus salicifolia
Authors: Magalhães Cássia G. , de Fátima Silva Grácia D. , Duarte Lucienir P. , Bazzocchi Isabel L. , Diaz Antonio J. , Moujir Laila , López Manuel R. , Figueiredo Rute C. , Vieira Filho Sidney A.
Published: June 2013

In continuation of our work on Maytenus salicifolia, we report herein the isolation and structural elucidation of two new compounds, salicassin (1), a diterpene‐chalcone adduct with an unprecedented C‐framework, and (16β)‐16‐hydroxypristimerin (2), a quinone methide triterpenoid. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic analysis, including 1D‐ and 2D‐NMR techniques (COSY, ROESY, HSQC, and HMBC). In addition, 22 known compounds were isolated and characterized by comparison of their spectra with reported data. Compound 2, structurally related to the well known cytotoxic quinone methide triterpenoids, exhibited an antiproliferative effect on HeLa, A‐549, and HL‐60 human cell lines, with IC50 values of 2.2, 3.2, and 2.7 μM, respectively.
New Triterpenes from Gymnema sylvestre
Authors: Zarrelli Armando , DellaGreca Marina , Ladhari Afef , Haouala Rabiaa , Previtera Lucio
Published: June 2013

Phytochemical investigation of the aerial parts of Gymnema sylvestre has led to the isolation of seven new triterpenes, six oleane types (5, 7–11) and a new lupane type (12), and of the six known analogues 1–4, 6, and 13. The structures and relative configurations of these compounds were elucidated by spectroscopic analyses, including 1D‐ and 2D‐NMR spectroscopy and mass spectrometry, and by the comparison of their NMR data with those of related compounds.
Biotransformation of Jervine by Cunninghamella echinulata
Authors: Chen Ke‐Yu , Lü Yi‐Feng , Zhang Wei‐Dong , Tang Jian , Liu Run‐Hui , Li Hui‐Liang
Published: June 2013

Biotransformation of jervine (1) by Cunninghamella echinulata (ACCC 30369) was carried out. Four biotransformation products were obtained, and three of them, 3–5, were identified as new compounds. On the basis of their NMR and mass‐spectral data, their structures were characterized as jervinone (2), 7α‐hydroxyjervine (3), 14α‐hydroxyjervine (4), and 1β,7α‐dihydroxyjervine (5). The X‐ray diffraction structure of 1 is also reported for the first time.
One‐Pot Synthesis of 5,7,8,9,9a,10‐Hexahydro‐8‐thioxotetrahydropyrido[2,3‐d : 6,5‐d′]dipyrimidine‐2,4,6(1H,3H,5aH)‐triones via a Four‐Component Coupling Reaction of Aldehydes, Amines, Barbituric Acids, and Thiouracil
Authors: Khalafi‐Nezhad Ali , Panahi Farhad , Golesorkhi Bahman
Published: June 2013

An efficient one‐pot approach to the synthesis of 5,7,8,9,9a,10‐hexahydro‐8‐thioxopyrido[2,3‐d : 6,5‐d′]dipyrimidine‐2,4,6(1H,3H,5aH)‐triones 5 via a four‐component reaction of an aldehyde 1, an amine 2, a barbituric acid 3, and thiouracil (4) is reported for the first time. This new multicomponent reaction is accomplished in refluxing EtOH in the presence of tungstophosphoric acid (H3PW12O40) as a catalyst. A variety of hexahydropyrido[2,3‐d : 6,5‐d′]dipyrimidinetrione derivatives were successfully synthesized in excellent yields with this protocol (Table 2).
Phytochemical Investigation by Microwave‐Assisted Extraction of Essential Oil of the Leaves of Walnut Cultivated in Algeria
Authors: Boukhari Fayçal , Tigrine‐Kordjani Nacéra , Youcef Meklati Brahim
Published: June 2013

Walnut (Juglans regia L.) leaves are used traditionally as an herbal tea indicated for non‐insulin‐dependent diabetics. In recent years, the type‐II diabetes is occurring worldwide with increasing frequency. Thus, there is an urgent need to explore the new beneficial biomolecules on the human health. Our objective was to investigate, for the first time, the volatiles profile of Juglans regia L. leaves from Algiers region. The extraction of essential oil of fresh plant material was performed by microwave‐assisted hydrodistillation (MAHD), for the first time, a relatively recent method, then by the conventional hydrodistillation technique (HD) for comparison. The collected extracts were analyzed by GC‐FID and GC/MS using two capillary columns with different polarity. Extraction time of 1 h by MAHD provided higher yields (0.050±0.001% (w/w)) than by HD (0.030±0.006% (w/w)) after 3 h. A total of 38 compounds were identified using both techniques. Essential oils had similar qualitative but different quantitative composition in terms of chemical compounds. The MAHD method improved yield while reducing the extraction time. The sesquiterpenes were the dominant family in both MAHD and HD essential oils with β‐caryophyllene being the major constituent. Monoterpenes, including hydrocarbon and oxygenated, prevail in HD volatile fraction with β‐pinene and eucalyptol, respectively, as major components.
Two Halogenated Sesquiterpenoids from the Fruits of Alpinia oxyphylla
Authors: Chen Ping , Qu Lei , Tian Li , Wang Pei‐Pei , Xiang Lan
Published: June 2013

Two new halogenated eremophilane‐type sesquiterpenoids, (11S)‐ and (11R)‐12‐chloronootkaton‐11‐ol (1 and 2, resp.), together with five known sesquiterpenoids, nootkatone (3), 7‐epiteucrenone B (4), oxyphyllenodiol A (5), oxyphyllenodiol B (6), and alpinenone (7), were isolated from the EtOH extract of the fruits of Alpinia oxyphylla Miq. The structures were elucidated based on the analyses of their spectroscopic data.
Diterpenes from Xylopia langsdorffiana
Authors: dos Santos Paula F. , Duarte Marcelo C. , Bezerra Denise Aline C. , de F. Agra Maria , Barbosa Filho José M. , da Silva Marcelo S. , Tavares Josean F.
Published: June 2013

The phytochemical investigation of Xylopia langsdorffiana A.St.‐Hil. & Tul. led to the isolation of eight diterpenes, i.e., of the four new compounds (5β,7β,8α,9β,10α,12α)‐atisane‐7,16‐diol 7‐acetate (1), named xylodiol 7‐acetate, (5β,8α,9β,10α,12α)‐16‐hydroxyatisan‐7‐one (2), named xylopinone, (3α,12Z)‐3‐hydroxy‐ent‐labda‐8(20),12,14‐trien‐18‐oic acid (3), named labdorffianic acid A, and 8,20‐epoxy‐13‐hydroxy‐ent‐labd‐14‐en‐18‐oic acid (4), named labdorffianic acid B, and of the four known compounds 5–8, i.e., ent‐kauran‐16‐ol, ent‐kaur‐16‐en‐19‐oic acid, ent‐kaur‐16‐en‐19‐ol, and ent‐trachyloban‐18‐oic acid. The structures were established by IR, HR‐ESI‐MS, and NMR data analysis with the aid of 2D techniques.
Unusual Guaiane Sesquiterpenoids from Artemisia rupestris
Authors: Xie Zhi‐Yong , Lin Ting‐Ting , Yao Mei‐Cun , Wan Jin‐Zhi , Yin Sheng
Published: June 2013

Two new guaiane sesquiterpenoids, (1β,5β)‐1‐hydroxyguaia‐4(15),11(13)‐dieno‐12,5‐lactone (1) and 1,5‐epoxy‐4‐hydroxyguai‐11(13)‐en‐12‐oic acid (2), together with five known compounds, rupestonic acid (3), strobilactone A (4), antiquorin (5), isosclerone (6), and 5‐hydroxy‐2′,3′,4′,7,8‐pentamethoxyflavone (7), were isolated from a 95% EtOH extract of Artemisia rupestris. Compounds 1 and 2 are rare examples of guaiane sesquiterpenoids, incorporating a 12,5‐lactone group or featuring a 1,5‐epoxy ring, respectively. The structures of 1 and 2 were identified by various spectroscopic methods. Compounds 1, 4, and 5 exhibited moderate cytotoxic activities against the human lung cancer 95‐D cell line with IC50 values of 11.3, 19.8, and 34.5 μM, respectively.
Organic Stereochemistry. Part 6
Authors: Vistoli Giulio , Testa Bernard , Pedretti Alessandro
Published: June 2013

Following the previous Part on the mechanisms of chiral recognition in pharmacology, the road was open to cover one aspect of stereoselectivity that had been evoked in Part 5 but not discussed explicitly, namely the pharmacological significance of the conformational behavior of active molecules. There, we saw how ligands and binding sites adapt to each other, but these results were not related explicitly to the conformational behavior of the ligand. The focus of the present Part is to use a few well‐known drugs, examine their conformational behavior, compare the 3D geometry of probable conformers with rigid analogs acting at the same receptor, and reflect on the concept of ‘active conformation’.
Hypenol, a New Lignan from Hypenia salzmannii
Authors: Sousa de Lucena Hellane Fabricia , Madeiro Sara Alves Lucena , Siqueira Caroline Duarte , Filho José Maria Barbosa , de Fátima Agra Maria , da Silva Marcelo Sobral , Fechine Tavares Josean
Published: June 2013

A new lignan, (−)‐secoisolariciresin‐9‐yl 6‐O‐p‐coumaroyl‐β‐D‐glucopyranoside (1), named hypenol, along with eleven known compounds, i.e., hyperin, rosmarinic acid, methyl rosmarinate, a mixture of the triterpenes betulinic acid, ursolic acid, and oleanolic acid, glycosylated β‐sitosterol, a mixture of the flavanones sakuranetin and isosakuranetin, hinokinin, and β‐peltatin A dimethyl ether were isolated from the EtOH extract of the leaves of Hypenia salzmannii (Benth.) Harley. The structures of the compounds were elucidated based on the analysis of spectral data, including MS, 1D‐ and 2D‐NMR, and comparison with data in the literature.
Electrochemical Phenylselenoetherification as a Key Step in the Synthesis of (±)‐Curcumene Ether
Authors: Stevanović Dragana , Pejović Anka , Damljanović Ivan S. , Vukićević Mirjana D. , Dobrikov Georgi , Dimitrov Vladimir , Denić Marija S. , Radulović Niko S. , Vukićević Rastko D.
Published: June 2013

Two variants of a new pathway for the synthesis of (±)‐curcumene ether are described. The key steps in these procedures are intramolecular cyclizations of 6‐methyl‐2‐(4‐methylphenyl)hept‐6‐en‐2‐ol and 2‐methyl‐6‐(4‐methylphenyl)hept‐6‐en‐2‐ol by means of an electrochemically generated phenylselenyl cation. This synthetic approach provides significantly better yields than the previously reported protocols.
Role of porosity and pore architecture in the in vivo bone regeneration capacity of biodegradable glass scaffolds
Authors: Sanzana Edgardo S. , Navarro Melba , Ginebra Maria‐Pau , Planell Josep A. , Ojeda Alvaro C. , Montecinos Hernan A.
Published: June 2013

The aim of this work is to shed light on the role of porosity and pore architecture in the in vivo bone regeneration capacity of biodegradable glass scaffolds. A calcium phosphate glass in the system P2O5–CaO–Na2O–TiO2 was foamed using two different porogens, namely albumen and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2); the resulting three‐dimensional porous structures were characterized and implanted in New Zealand rabbits to study their in vivo behavior. Scaffolds foamed with albumen displayed a monomodal pore size distribution centered around 150 μm and a porosity of 82%, whereas scaffolds foamed with H2O2 showed lower porosity (37%), with larger elongated pores, and multimodal size distribution. After 12 weeks of implantation, histology results revealed a good osteointegration for both types of scaffolds. The quantitative morphometric analysis showed the substitution of the biomaterial by new bone in the case of glasses foamed with albumen. In contrast, bone neoformation and material resorption were significantly lower in the defects filled with the scaffolds foamed with H2O2. The results obtained in this study showed that both calcium phosphate glass scaffolds were osteoconductive, biocompatible, and biodegradable materials. However, differences in porosity, pore architecture, and microstructure led to substantially different in vivo response. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 102A: 1767–1773, 2014.
Microbial toxicity of ethanolamines—Multiwalled carbon nanotubes
Authors: Zardini Hadi Zare , Davarpanah Morteza , Shanbedi Mehdi , Amiri Ahmad , Maghrebi Morteza , Ebrahimi Leila
Published: June 2013

In the present study, antimicrobial activities of multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) functionalized with ethanolamine (EA) groups were investigated. Therefore, MWCNT were first functionalized with mono‐, di‐, and triethanolamine (MEA, DEA, and TEA) under microwave technique. Development of functional groups on the MWCNT surface was confirmed by Fourier transform infrared and thermogravimetric analysis. Morphological variation was investigated by transmission electron microscopy. Then, antimicrobial activities of pristine and functionalized MWCNT (MWCNT‐MEA, ‐DEA, and ‐TEA) were tested against different bacteria species. The studies have been done on four Gram‐negative bacteria (Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumonia, Pseudomonas aeroginosa, and Salmonella typhimurium) as well as four Gram‐positive bacteria (Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus, and Streptococcus pneumonia). The results based on minimal inhibitory concentration and radial diffusion assay were shown that the antimicrobial activity of MWCNT‐TEA > MWCNT‐DEA > MWCNT‐MEA > pristine MWCNT. Based on the results, it seems that EA groups could play an important role in antimicrobial activity of MWCNT. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 102A: 1774–1781, 2014.
In vivo study of the biocompatibility of a novel compressed collagen hydrogel scaffold for artificial corneas
Authors: Xiao Xianghua , Pan Shiyin , Liu Xianning , Zhu Xiuping , Connon Che John , Wu Jie , Mi Shengli
Published: June 2013

The experiments were designed to evaluate the biocompatibility of a plastically compressed collagen scaffold (PCCS). The ultrastructure of the PCCS was observed via scanning electron microscopy. Twenty New Zealand white rabbits were randomly divided into experimental and control groups that received corneal pocket transplantation with PCCS and an amniotic membrane, respectively. And the contralateral eye of the implanted rabbit served as the normal group. On the 1st, 7th, 14th, 21st, 30th, 60th, 90th, and 120th postoperative day, the eyes were observed via a slit lamp. On the 120th postoperative day, the rabbit eyes were enucleated to examine the tissue compatibility of the implanted stroma. The PCCS was white and translucent. The scanning electron microscopy results showed that fibers within the PCCS were densely packed and evenly arranged. No edema, inflammation, or neovascularization was observed on ocular surface under a slit lamp and few lymphocytes were observed in the stroma of rabbit cornea after histological study. In conclusion, the PCCS has extremely high biocompatibility and is a promising corneal scaffold for an artificial cornea. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 102A: 1782–1787, 2014.
Multifunctional nanomicellar systems for delivering anticancer drugs
Authors: Chen Yi‐Chun , Lo Chun‐Liang , Hsiue Ging‐Ho
Published: June 2013

Most anticancer drugs cause severe side effect due to the lack of selectivity for cancer cells. In recent years, new strategies of micellar systems, which design for specifically target anticancer drugs to tumors, are developed at the forefront of polymeric science. To improve efficiency of delivery and cancer specificity, considerable emphasis has been placed on the development of micellar systems with passive and active targeting. In this review article, we summarized various strategies of designing multifunctional micellar systems in the purpose of improving delivery efficiency. Micellar systems compose of a multifunctional copolymer or a mixture of two or more copolymers with different properties is a plausible approach to tuning the resulting properties and satisfied various requirements for anticancer drug delivery. It appears that multifunctional micellar systems hold great potential in cancer therapy. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 102A: 2024–2038, 2014.
Poly(N‐acryloylmorpholine): A simple hydrogel system for temporal and spatial control over cell adhesion
Authors: Gorman Mark , Chim Ya Hua , Hart Andrew , Riehle Mathis O. , Urquhart Andrew J.
Published: June 2013

N‐acryloylmorpholine (NAM) was photo‐polymerized to produce the homopolymer poly(N‐acryloylmorpholine) (PNAM). PNAM behaves as a physical hydrogel in aqueous solvents, doubling its dry weight over a 2 h period before undergoing dissolution following a second order exponential decay profile. In vitro cellular experiments using mouse myoblasts showed that PNAM acts as an effective spatial cell barrier for 38 h, with slow migration of cells into the PNAM area occurring between 45 and 73 h after cell seeding. At 80 h myoblasts fully occupied the area initially blocked by PNAM. Immunofluorescent staining of myoblasts adjacent to PNAM showed normal cytoskeletal structure and well developed focal adhesions indicating limited PNAM toxicity. This study shows that PNAM is an easy to synthesize physical hydrogel that acts as a temporal and spatial barrier to cell adhesion. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 102A: 1809–1815, 2014.
Decreased bacteria density on nanostructured polyurethane
Authors: Yao Chang , Webster Thomas J. , Hedrick Matthew
Published: June 2013

As is well known, medical device infections are a growing clinical problem with no clear solution due to previous failed attempts of using antibiotics to decrease bacteria functions for which bacteria quickly develop a resistance toward. Because of their altered surface energetics, the objective of the present in vitro study was to create nanoscale surface features on polyurethane (PU) by soaking PU films in HNO3 and to determine bacteria (specifically, S. epidermidis, E. coli, and P. mirabilis) colony forming units after 1 h. Such bacteria frequently infect numerous medical devices. Results provided the first evidence that without using antibiotics, S. epidermidis density decreased by 5 and 13 times, E. coli density decreased by 6 and 20 times, and P. mirabilis density decreased by 8 and 35 times compared to conventional PU and a tissue engineering control small intestine submucosa (SIS), respectively. Material characterization studies revealed significantly greater nanoscale roughness and hydrophobicity for the HNO3‐treated nanostructured PU compared to conventional PU (albeit, still hydrophilic) which may provide a rationale for the observed decreased bacteria responses. In addition, significantly greater amounts of fibronectin adsorption from serum were measured on nanorough compared conventional PU which may explain the decreased bacteria growth. In summary, this study provides significant promise for the use of nanostructured PU to decrease bacteria functions without the use of antibiotics, clearly addressing the wide spread problem of increased medical device infections observed today. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 102A: 1823–1828, 2014.
Paleomagnetism of Paleozoic sedimentary rocks from the Karatau Range, Southern Kazakhstan: Multiple remagnetization events correlate with phases of deformation
Authors: Kirscher U. , Zwing A. , Alexeiev D. V. , Echtler H. P. , Bachtadse V.
Published: June 2013

The paleogeography of the Altaids and its kinematic and tectonic evolution during the final collision and amalgamation of Eurasia is still poorly known. Addressing this problem, a paleomagnetic study has been undertaken on Paleozoic sedimentary rocks from the Karatau, Southern Kazakhstan. Stepwise thermal demagnetization reveals the presence of a high‐temperature component of magnetization in most samples. Fold tests indicate a syn‐folding age of magnetic remanence acquisition at three of the five areas studied. Directional data of Devonian and Permian rocks yield a positive fold test, implying a primary magnetization. Resulting prefolding paleolatitudes for Permian and Devonian rocks show the proximity of the Karatau to Baltica during those times. Syn‐ and post‐folding magnetizations result in paleolatitudes for Karatau, which intersect the paleolatitude curve based on the Baltica apparent polar wander path (APWP), at times, which can be correlated to major deformational events at ~280 Ma, ~260 Ma, and ~230 Ma, respectively. We interpret this with complicated pattern of remagnetization events accompanying deformation, which can include syn‐folding remagnetization events and areas of primary magnetic signals. Additionally, the differences between reference declinations based on the APWP for Baltica and observed declinations suggest successive counterclockwise rotational reorganization of the Karatau during the late Paleozoic to Early Mesozoic, with maximal rotation values of ~65° with respect to Baltica. The remagnetization events are correlated with latest intracontinental stages of orogenic evolution in the Ural mountains and thus the Paleozoic amalgamation of the Eurasian continent and suggest synchronous and coherent tectonic evolution in the Urals and Karatau mountains.
Role of integrin‐linked kinase in osteosarcoma progression
Authors: Rhee Seung Hwan , Han Ilkyu , Lee Mi Ra , Cho Hwan Seong , Oh Joo Han , Kim Han‐Soo
Published: June 2013

Although integrin‐linked kinase (ILK) has been suggested to play a role in the tumorigenesis of a number of human epithelial carcinomas, little is known of its role in musculoskeletal sarcoma. The authors studied ILK expression by immunohistochemistry using osteosarcoma prechemotherapy specimens from 56 patients, and investigated the prognostic implications of the findings obtained. It was found that ILK overexpression was significantly correlated with the presence of distant metastasis (p = 0.008) and that it was an independent prognostic factor for both poor overall survival and poor event‐free survival (p = 0.015 and 0.010, respectively). During a transfection experiment conducted by transfecting osteosarcoma cells with ILK siRNA, VEGF concentrations were measured using an ELISA kit, and then compared with those of untransfected controls to evaluate its angiogenic effects. In addition, apoptotic percentages were measured by Annexin‐V flow cytometry, and invasive properties were evaluated by measuring the numbers of non‐migrating cells in a Boyden chamber. It was found that ILK downregulation significantly decreased angiogenesis, increased apoptosis, and decreased invasiveness of osteosarcoma cells. These results show that ILK is a promising prognostic factor in osteosarcoma and a novel potential therapeutic target for the treatment of osteosarcoma. © 2013 Orthopaedic Research Society Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 31:1668–1675, 2013
The role of the dielectric environment in surface‐enhanced Raman scattering on the detection of a 4‐nitrothiophenol monolayer
Authors: Funke Sebastian , Wackerbarth Hainer
Published: June 2013

Nanotechnology enables the generation and characterization of novel surface‐enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) substrates. In this study, we focus on the impact of the carrier material of the SERS active layer and hence the dielectric environment to the enhancement. Therefore, a self‐assembled monolayer of 4‐nitrothiophenol is immobilized on silver and gold particles substrates on a quartz carrier. The detection of the monolayer occurs through the quartz carrier and through air. For the former, an increase of the intensity of the SERS bands in the spectrum is observed compared to the latter. The magnitude of the increase is larger for gold than for silver. Calculations according to the theoretical model of the electromagnetic enhancement agree with our experimental data. The presented detection mode will stimulate the fabrication of novel SERS sensors. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Trial of complete weaning from immunosuppression for liver transplant recipients: Factors predictive of tolerance
Authors: de la Garza Rocío García , Sarobe Pablo , Merino Juana , Lasarte Juan J. , D'Avola Delia , Belsue Virginia , Delgado José A. , Silva Leyre , Iñarrairaegui Mercedes , Sangro Bruno , Sola Jesus J. , Pardo Fernando , Quiroga Jorge , Herrero Ignacio J.
Published: June 2013

Recipients of liver transplantation (LT) may develop immunological tolerance. Factors predictive of tolerance are not clearly understood. Transplant recipients with normal liver function tests and without active viral hepatitis or autoimmune disease who presented with side effects of immunosuppression or a high risk of de novo malignancies were selected to participate in this prospective study. Twenty-four patients fulfilled the inclusion criteria and, therefore, underwent a gradual reduction of immunosuppression. Tolerance was defined as normal liver function tests after immunosuppression withdrawal. Basal clinical and immunological characteristics, including lymphocyte counts and subpopulations (T, B, natural killer, CD4+, CD8+, and regulatory T cells) and the phytohemagglutinin stimulation index (SI), were compared for tolerant and nontolerant patients. Fifteen of the 24 patients (62.5%) were tolerant at a median of 14 months (interquartile range = 8.5–22.5 months) after complete immunosuppression withdrawal. Tolerant patients had a longer median interval between transplantation and inclusion in the study (156 for tolerant patients versus 71 months for nontolerant patients, P = 0.003) and a lower median SI (7.49 for tolerant patients versus 41.73 for nontolerant patients, P = 0.01). We identified 3 groups of patients with different probabilities of tolerance: in the first group (n = 7 for an interval > 10 years and an SI < 20), 100% reached tolerance; in the second group (n = 10 for an interval > 10 years and an SI > 20 or an interval < 10 years and an SI < 20), 60% reached tolerance; and in the third group (n = 7 for an interval < 10 years and an SI > 20), 29% reached tolerance. In conclusion, a high proportion of select LT recipients can reach tolerance over the long term. Two simple basal variables—the time from transplantation and the SI—may help to identify these patients. Liver Transpl 19:937–944, 2013. © 2013 AASLD.
Long-term deleterious effects of aortohepatic conduits in primary liver transplantation: Proceed with caution
Authors: Hibi Taizo , Nishida Seigo , Levi David M. , Sugiyama Daisuke , Fukazawa Kyota , Tekin Akin , Fan Ji , Selvaggi Gennaro , Ruiz Phillip , Tzakis Andreas G.
Published: June 2013

Aortohepatic conduits provide a vital alternative for graft arterialization during liver transplantation. Conflicting results exist with respect to the rates of comorbidities, and long-term survival data on primary grafts are lacking. To identify the complications associated with aortohepatic conduits in primary liver transplantation and their impact on survival, we conducted a single-center, retrospective cohort analysis of all consecutive adult (n = 1379) and pediatric primary liver transplants (n = 188) from 1998 to 2009. The outcomes of aortohepatic conduits were compared to those of standard arterial revascularization. Adults with a conduit (n = 267) demonstrated, in comparison with adults with standard arterialization (n = 1112), an increased incidence of late (>1 month after transplantation) hepatic artery thrombosis (HAT; 4.1% versus 0.7%, P < 0.001) and ischemic cholangiopathy (7.5% versus 2.7%, P < 0.001) and a lower 5-year graft survival rate (61% versus 70%, P = 0.01). The adjusted hazard ratio (HR) for graft loss in the conduit group was 1.38 [95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.03-1.85, P = 0.03]. Notably, the use of conduits (HR = 4.91, 95% CI = 1.92-12.58) and a warm ischemia time > 60 minutes (HR = 11.12, 95% CI = 3.06-40.45) were independent risk factors for late HAT. Among children, the complication profiles were similar for the conduit group (n = 81) and the standard group (n = 107). In the pediatric cohort, although the 5-year graft survival rate for the conduit group (69%) was significantly impaired in comparison with the rate for the standard group (81%, P = 0.03), the use of aortohepatic conduits did not emerge as an independent predictor of diminished graft survival via a multivariate analysis. In conclusion, in adult primary liver transplantation, the placement of an aortohepatic conduit should be strictly limited because of the greater complication rates (notably late HAT) and impaired graft survival; for children, its judicious use may be acceptable.
A non‐autonomous model for the evolution of electromagnetic fields in complex media
Authors: Liaskos K. B.
Published: June 2013

In this work, some results on a non‐autonomous, local in time, approximation of the constitutive laws for the evolution of electromagnetic fields in complex media, in the time domain, are presented. The initial‐boundary value problem for Maxwell's equations in a bounded domain, supplemented with these approximating constitutive relations, reduces to a Cauchy problem for an ODE (i.e. a non‐autonomous Sobolev equation of pseudo‐parabolic type) in a suitable Hilbert space. Under appropriate assumptions, well‐posedness results are established. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Semi‐preparative LC‐SPE‐cryoflow NMR for impurity identifications: use of mother liquor as a better source of impurities
Authors: Rinaldi Frank , Fan Junying , Pathirana Charles , Palaniswamy Venkatapurim
Published: June 2013

Unambiguous structural elucidation of active pharmaceutical ingredients (API) impurities is a particularly challenging necessity of pharmaceutical development, particularly if the impurities are low level (0.1% level). In many cases, this requires acquiring high‐quality NMR data on a pure sample of each impurity. High‐quality, high signal‐to‐noise (S/N) one‐ and two‐dimensional NMR data can be obtained using liquid chromatography‐solid phase extraction‐cryoflow NMR (LC‐SPE‐cryoflow NMR) with a combination of semi‐preparative column for separation and mother liquor as a source of concentrated impurities. These NMR data, in conjunction with mass spectrometry data, allowed for quick and unambiguous structural elucidations of four impurities found at low level in the crystallized API but found at appreciable levels in the mother liquor that was used as the source for these impurities. These data show that semi‐preparative columns can be used at lower than ideal flow rates to facilitate trapping of HPLC components for LC‐SPE‐cryoflow NMR analysis without compromising chromatographic resolution. Also, despite the complex chromatography encountered with the use of mother liquor as a source of impurities, acceptably pure analytes were obtained for acquiring NMR data for unambiguous structure elucidations. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The ‘Dividual Androgyne’ and Me: a Personal Affair
Authors: Gillison Gillian
Published: June 2013

In the 25 years since Marilyn Strathern published The Gender of the Gift (1988) its signature concepts of the ‘dividual androgyne’ and ‘sociality’ have received almost no criticism in the anthropological literature and are now widely accepted as true. The ‘dividual’ is considered to be ‘a new, non‐unitary model of embodiment and … one of the most important theoretical accomplishments to emerge from Melanesian ethnography in the latter part of the 20th Century’ despite the fact that it erases affect, agency, identity and other essential features of human beings (Lipset 2008).

The present critique of Strathern's concept of the androgynous ‘dividual’ challenges its legitimacy as a Melanesian or any other ‘premodern’ form of personhood and suggests that it expresses the wish of academic feminists in the 1970s and 1980s to locate an indigenous model for androgyny and to characterise patriarchy, misogyny and sexual segregation as peculiarly Western. The article explores aspects of Gimi myth, ritual and exchange which Strathern claims helped her to formulate the concept of the ‘dividual’ (especially those surrounding men's sacred bamboo flutes) and concludes that she mistook a virulently anti‐female ideology – including a fantasy in which men may subsume or incorporate certain aspects of female anatomy – for benign accommodation between the sexes. The ‘dividual’ does not correspond to social reality among the Gimi and paradoxically affirms Lévi‐Strauss' classic demonstration in the Elementary Structures of Kinship (1949) that ‘the gender of the gift’ is invariably female.
Gogodala Canoe Festivals, Customary Ways and Cultural Tourism in Papua New Guinea
Authors: Dundon Alison
Published: June 2013

Gogodala Canoe Festivals, held in the Western Province of Papua New Guinea, are important and recurrent regional events that constitute as well as reiterate and reconfigure local relatedness as sites of potential engagement between Gogodala villagers and foreign tourists. Canoe races have been part of Gogodala practice since before the 1900s, when early colonial administrators noted the presence of magnificently painted and carved racing canoes. Since then, racing canoes have been part of local and exogenous discourses about culture and identity in colonial and postcolonial PNG. This paper explores the extent to which Gogodala Canoe Festivals, while primarily regional events concerned with relationships between people, groups and villages, are also designed to attract foreign tourists and as such constitute moments of potential relatedness outside of the region. In a wider sense, the paper explores these festivals as one way in which Gogodala engage global others through the establishment of a network of potential relationships based on ‘customary’ practices and objects.
The Sound of a Person
Authors: Ammann Raymond , Keck Verena , Wassmann Jürg
Published: June 2013

Konggap, sung melodic motifs that last only a few seconds embody the acoustic representation of a person among theYupno people ofPapuaNewGuinea and are a unique phenomenon in thePacific. Thekonggapforms a very complex system of personal identification and expression of social relationships; at the same time it connects the singer to the ancestral world. Every person inYupno society possesses his or her ownkonggap,andYupno people are able to identify a large number ofkonggap, some men even up to three hundred. Nobody would sing his or her ownkonggapduring the day. When crossingYupno land, a person has to sing thekonggapof the respective landowner to identify himself as an insider, a local person − unlike strangers (and possible enemies) who remain silent. But at nightly dances each dancer sings his ownkonggapand during mourning at funerals groups of women simultaneously sing thekonggapof the deceased person. An interdisciplinary ethnographic‐musicological‐cognitive fieldwork study was conducted in order to find out how it is possible that theYupno are able to identify and distinguish between this staggering amount of very short sung motifs.
Bittersweet! Understanding and Managing Electronic Word of Mouth
Authors: Kietzmann Jan , Canhoto Ana
Published: June 2013

For ‘viral marketing’, it is critical to understand what motivates consumers to share their consumption experiences through ‘electronic word of mouth’ (eWoM) across various social media platforms. This conceptual paper discusses eWoM as a coping response dependent on positive, neutral, or negative experiences made by potential, actual, or former consumers of products, services, and brands. We combine existing lenses and propose an integrative model for unpacking eWoM to examine how different consumption experiences motivate consumers to share eWoM online. The paper further presents an eWoM Attentionscape as an appropriate tool for examining the amount of attention the resulting different types of eWoM receive from brand managers. We discuss how eWoM priorities can differ between public affairs professionals and consumers, and what the implications are for the management of eWoM in the context of public affairs and viral marketing. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
‘Bat‐like’ choroid plexus and other sonographic features in trisomy 22 at the first trimester of pregnancy
Authors: Luchi Carlo , Monacci Francesca , Schifano Martina , Gadducci Angiolo
Published: June 2013

What's already know about this topic?

Abnormalities of the choroid plexus have only been reported in association to holoprosencephaly, so the description of the ‘bat sign’ in the first trimester is novel and could be important as a marker of some rare chromosomal abnormalities, in this case trisomy 22.

What does this study add?

Our data is another remarkable proof of the importance of a morphological investigation of the fetus in the first trimester.
The wind chill temperature effect on a large‐scale PV plant—an exergy approach
Authors: Xydis George
Published: June 2013

In this paper, a detailed exergetic analysis based on the variation of meteorological parameters was performed for a solar power generation system. All wind and solar energy and exergy characteristics were examined in order to identify the variables that affect the power output of the photovoltaic (PV) system. Atmospheric variables such as air temperature, humidity and wind speed and their effects, shadow effects, tracking losses, and low radiation losses of the PV power output were investigated aiming at identifying the real and net solar energy output. It was shown that some usually disregarded atmospheric variables in planning new PV plants, in fact, do play a significant role on the plant's overall exergetic efficiency as wind chill temperature. The solar potential around a windy coastal hilly area was studied and presented on the basis of field measurements and simulations. Understanding atmospheric parameters variation appears to be of great importance for estimating correctly and trustworthy the energy yield, and special focus was given to that in this paper. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.