bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Postharvest Color Development in nor F1 Tomato Hybrids as Influenced by Maturity State at Harvest1
Authors: Buescher R. W. , Hardy Carolyn , Tigchelaar E. C.
Published: October 2022

Fruits from normal-ripening genotypes of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) attained a similar level of color regardless of stage at harvest (red, pink, breaker, and mature green). Color of fruits from F1, nor hybrids (nor × normal) when harvested red was similar to that of normal fruits but less color developed when harvested at the pink or less mature stages.
Reevaluation of Heated Water Dip as a Postharvest Treatment for Controlling Surface and Decay Fungi of Muskmelon Fruits1
Authors: Carter William W.
Published: October 2022

Fruits of muskmelon (Cucumis melo L.) dipped in water at 24° and at 57°C did not differ significantly in incidence of Fusarium roseum (LK) emend. Syn. & Hans. ‘Semitectum’ and Diaporthe melonis Beraha & O’Brien and stem scar and rind decay fungi. Immersion time of fruits, regardless of water or chemical treatment, had no significant effect on stem-scar decay, rind fungal growth, fusarium lesions, or general appearance. The value of hot water as a postharvest treatment of muskmelon fruits was to increase efficacy of fungicides.
Factors Regulating Germination of Trifoliate Maple Seeds1
Authors: Stimart Dennis P.
Published: October 2022

Excised embryos from Acer griseum (Franch.) Pax., A. mandshuricum Maxim., A. maximowiczianum Mig. (A. nikoense Maxim.) and A. triflorum Kom. germinated within 21 days when incubated in a lighted environment on wick cultures moistened with a solution of 10 mg/liter gibberellic acid (GA3). Cotyledon and epicotyl growth of A. maximowiczianum embryos were greatest when treated with GA3. Embryos of A. maximowiczianum incubated with 6-ben-zylamino purine (BA) or 6-furfurylamino purine (kinetin) developed the longest roots while those treated with indoleacetic acid (IAA) or naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) remained tightly coiled and dormant. Excised embryos incubated in darkness or intact seeds placed in all treatments failed to germinate. In A. maximowiczianum 3 sites of dormancy delay germination: pericarp, seed coat, and embryo.
Pollen Tube Growth following Self-and Interspecific Pollination of Three Aphelandra Species1
Authors: Henny R. J.
Published: October 2022

Aphelandra sinclairiana Nees. and A. aurantiaca (Scheidw.) Lindl. ‘Roezlii’ were self-compatible, while Aphelandra squamosa Nees. ‘Dania’ was pseudo-self-compatible and occasionally yielded seed after self pollination. Attempts at producing interspecific hybrids were unsuccessful; most pollen tubes failed to traverse more than 10% of the style. Bud pollination and pollination of amputated styles were unsuccessful.
‘Enric Bague’ Rose1
Authors: Vilá M. , Aguilá J. F.
Published: October 2022

‘Enric Bague’ is a new, compact rose with high yield of flowers, a prolonged flowering season (April-December outdoors and all year in the greenhouse for cut flowers; especially fine from November to May). ‘Enric Bague’ was developed especially for growing in small containers but is suitable for cultivation in the garden or greenhouse.
‘Jersey Centennial’ Asparagus1
Authors: Ellison J. Howard , Vest Grant , Langlois Robert W.
Published: October 2022

‘Jersey Centennial’ asparagus (Asparagus officinalis L.), tested under the designation Rutgers-Michigan Hybrid 202, is a new cultivar that is more vigorous, rust resistant, and productive than the ‘Mary Washington’ strain when grown on the fusarium-infested soils of New Jersey. It was also the most productive asparagus cultivar in a Michigan yield trial on noninfested soil.
‘Chesapeake’ Viburnum1
Authors: Egolf Donald R.
Published: October 2022

Viburnum ‘Chesapeake’, which is the thirteenth Viburnum cultivar introduction from the U.S. National Arboretum shrub breeding program, has outstanding foliage and growth habit characteristics (1, 2, 3, 4). This cultivar belongs to the Section Lantana of the genus that includes such other significant landscape viburnums as V. X burkwoodii Burk. & Skip.; V. X burkwoodii ‘Mohawk’ (Egolf); V. carlesii Hemsl.; V. X carlcephalum Burk.; and V. X carlcephalum ‘Cayuga’ (Egolf). These viburnums are cultivated extensively in north temperate regions for their medium stature; subcoriaceous, deciduous to semi-evergreen leaves; and abundant, fragrant, white to pink flowers. Although ‘Chesapeake’ recombines some of the characteristics of these cultivars and species, it is distinct with coriaceous, dark green leaves; dense branching; and a compact growth habit.
Use of Honey Bees for Controlled Interpolation of Plant Germplasm Collections1
Authors: Ellis M. D. , Jackson G. S. , Skrdla W. H. , Spencer H. C.
Published: October 2022

A method was devised to use honey bees and cages For controlled interpollinalion of numerous planl introduction accessions grown for seed increase. Honey bees (Aphismellifera L.) were maintained for 4 months (June-September) in small nuclei (min-ihive) for use in pollinating various crops grown under cages for seed increase. The nuclei remained as effective pollinating units without dwindling, swarming, overcrowding, starvation, or any of the other problems associated with extended maintenance of small pollinating nuclei. Cages used were easily assembled and stored, and were practical Tor caging large numbers of plantings for controlled pollination. Seed vields were excellent and of good quality.
In Vitro Propagation of Dracaena marginata ‘Tricolor’1
Authors: Chua B. U. , Kunisaki J. T. , Sagawa Y.
Published: October 2022

Shoots were produced in vitro from callus induced on stem expiants of Dracaena marginata ‘Tricolor’ on medium with Murashige and Skoog mineral salts, coconut water (15% by vol), supplemented with 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and subcultured on medium supplemented with kinetin. Roots were obtained by subculture on medium supplemented with 1 mg/liter naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA). Rooted plantlets were transferred to potting medium in the greenhouse and subsequently transplanted to the field for further observation. The leaves of all derived plants lost the creamish-white stripe and resemble those of D. marginata, indicating D. marginata ‘Tricolor’ is a chimera.
In Vitro Propagation of Pineapple1
Authors: Zepeda Cesar , Sagawa Yoneo
Published: October 2022

Pineapple (Ananas comosus (L.) Merr.) was cloned by in vitro culture of axillary buds from crowns of mature fruit. Expiants were initially placed in Murashige and Skoog medium (MS) with 25% coconut water (CW), subcultured after 2 weeks on half-strength MS with 25% CW, and finally placed on half-strength MS supplemented with 6-benzylamino purine (BA). Small crowns were disinfested after defoliation by soaking in 0.5% sodium hypochlorite (10% Clorox) with 3 drops of wetting agent (Tween 20/100 ml) for 60 minutes and excised axillary buds in 1% Clorox for about 20 minutes prior to initial culture About 5,000 plantlets can be produced in 12 months from a single crown by this technique
Gibberellin and Cell-wall Hydrolases as Related to the Low Response of ‘Valencia’ Oranges to Abscission Chemicals1
Authors: Rasmussen G. K.
Published: October 2022

‘Valencia’ oranges (Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck) with attached pedicels, harvested in April, May, and June, were exposed to 1 ppm ethylene or air for 0, 1, 3, 5, or 7 days. Ethylene lowered fruit removal force but the effect was less pronounced on fruit harvested in May than on fruit harvested in April or June. Endogenous gibberellins (GA) increased prior to regreening and development of the low-response period, and cell-wall hydrolase activity was lower in May than in April or June.
Urban Pest Management in Horticulture — Weed Science
Authors: Elmore Clyde L.
Published: October 2022

Urban pest management is a “can of worms.” Depending upon who is asked, it may encompass all forms of pests in an urban environment, it may be biological control of insects in an urban area, or rodent and insect control in an inner-city area.
Complementary Interactions Between Weeds, Weed Control Practices, and Pests in Horticultural Cropping Systems1
Authors: William R. D.
Published: October 2022

Throughout the world, growers of horticultural crops employ a multitude of crop and pest management practices designed to reduce pests and minimize crop losses. Although weeds continue to afflict humans (65), host other pests (14), and cause appalling crop losses on a worldwide scale (66, 109, 110), certain weedy2 species may complement horticultural cropping systems. This paper reviews entomological, pathological, and crop-related literature where manipulation of a specific weed, a weed control practice, or a cropping system can suppress a crop pest. Perhaps horticulturists and colleagues will recognize an opportunity to improve our understanding and our ability to successfully manage one or more of the following examples, thereby improving production efficiencies within modern horticultural cropping systems.
Effect of Aminoethoxyvinylglycine on Bloom Delay, Fruit Maturity, and Quality of ‘Loring’ and ‘Rio Oso Gem’ Peaches
Authors: Dekazos Elias D.
Published: October 2022

Sprays of aminoethoxyvinylglycine (AVG) to intact branches of ‘Rio Oso Gem’ and ‘Loring’ peaches [Prunus persica (L.) Batsch] after completion of the rest period effectively delayed blossoming by about 10 days. AVG (5,000 and 10,000 ppm) did not reduce flowering, fruit set or fruit quality. At high concentration, AVG prevented most of the terminal buds from growing normally; the terminal shoots were short, with dense foliage. Lateral buds had a normal linear shoot growth. Foliar injury was slight. The fruit weight of treated ‘Loring’ peaches was reduced by 11.5% but color attributes, particularly flesh color, were not influenced by AVG. Bloom delay did not affect firmness, soluble solids and titratable acidity in ‘Loring’ but did increase firmness and soluble solids slightly and decrease titratable acidity in ‘Rio Oso Gem’. Overall fruit size, color, soluble solids, titratable acidity and firmness tests indicated that AVG did not delay maturity.
Simazine Herbicide Suitable for Production of Rooted Stoolshoots of MM 106 Apple Rootstocks1
Authors: Curtis O. F. , Cummins J. N.
Published: October 2022

Simazine applied to Malling-Merton (MM) 106 (Malus sp) stoolbeds at 1 kg/ha in early June + 1 kg/ha in late July had no effect on either rooting or grade of stoolshoots subsequently harvested. Application of simazine at 3 kg/ha in late July in 2 successive years reduced grades of stoolshoots, especially as percent of non-rooted shoots. The split application appeared to be suitable for commercial weed control without damage to the crop.
A New Device for Hot-callusing Graft Unions1
Authors: Lagerstedt H. B.
Published: October 2022

There are various problems associated with hot-callusing graft unions of dormant fruit and nut trees. Since the whole plant is exposed to elevated temperatures, growth is promoted not only at the graft union, but also from the scion buds and the roots. Translocation demands are placed on the graft union once growth of scion buds starts and leafing out occurs. Scion buds and leaves will desiccate if a callus bridge between rootstocks and scion is inadequately formed (1).
Suppression of Denitrification with Nitrapyrin1
Authors: McElhannon William S. , Mills Harry A.
Published: October 2022

Inhibition of N2 and N2O evolution from a liquid medium inoculated with soil was obtained with low levels (0.2, 2, and 20 ppm) of 2-chloro-6-(trichloromethyl)pyridine. Concurrent with the reductions in N2 and N2O evolution was increased NO3 retention in the medium. Results from this study confirm that nitrapyrin effectively inhibits denitrification in vitro at rates comparable to that applied in the field.
Resistance of Sweet Potato to Virus Complex1
Authors: Hahn S. K. , Terry E. R. , Leuschner K.
Published: October 2022

A core-graft transmission method has been used successfully for rapid screening of sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam) for resistance to sweet potato virus complex (SPVD). Field test scores of resistance to SPVD were significantly correlated with core-graft test scores (r = 0.60). A high broad sense heritability estimate of 0.95 ± 0.02 for resistance to SPVD was computed based on the core-graft test for 24 cultivars tested in one year, while a lower broad sense heritability (h2 = 0.48 ± 0.02) was estimated based on the field test for the same cultivars (except one) conducted at four locations for three years. Broad sense heritability estimates from diallel crosses ranged from 0.82 ± 0.02 to 0.98 ± 0.19. ‘TIS 2498,’ ‘TIS 3228,’ ‘TIS 3053,’ ‘TIS 2544’ and ‘TIS 2534’ sweet potato were resistant to SPVD.
Resistance of Sweet Potato Lines to Infestations of Sweet Potato Weevil, Cylas formicarius elegantulus (Summers)1
Authors: Mullen Μ.Α. , Jones Alfred , Abrogast R. T. , Paterson D. R. , Boswell T. E.
Published: October 2022

Forty-five lines of sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam) were rated for resistance to the sweet potato weevil in artificially infested fields at Savannah, Georgia and at Yoakum, Texas. Ten lines were resistant in Savannah, 16 lines in Yoakum, and 3 lines were resistant in both locations.
Interspecific Hybridization in Euphaseolus through Embryo Rescue1
Authors: Alvarez Marikis N. , Ascher Peter D. , Davis David W.
Published: October 2022

About 2000 pollinations of Pbaseolus coccineus × P. acutifolius, P. coccineus × P. vulgaris, P. vulgaris × P. acutifolius, and F2 (P. vulgaris × P. coccineus) × P. acutifolius produced more than 1500 excisable embryos, about half of which elongated and produced leaves and roots when embryo cultured on a relatively simple medium in the dark. Damaging cotyledonary buds on small embryos or removing cotyledons from larger embryos before culture enhanced germination. Transplanting germinated embryos into pots resulted in greater than 50% mortality. Hybrids tended to be intermediate to parental species in vegetative and floral characteristics but percent stainable pollen was lower. Anthers did not dehisce and percent stainable pollen was lowest in P. vulgaris × P. acutifolius and F2 (P. vulgaris × P. coccineus) × P. acutifolius hybrids. Since P. coccineus × P. acutifolius and P, coccineus × P. vulgaris hybrids were sufficiently fertile to produce advanced generations, P. coccineus may be useful as a bridge between P. vulgaris and P. acutifolius.
Root Morphological Characteristics of Kidney Beans as Influenced by Within-row Spacing1
Authors: Stoffella P. J. , Sandsted R. F. , Zobel R. W. , Hymes W. L.
Published: October 2022

Root morphological characteristics of ‘Redkote’ and ‘Redkloud’ kidney bean plants (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) were measured during 2 growth stages at 5, 10, 15, and 20 cm within-row spacings under field conditions. Significantly higher total root weight, shoot weight, basal root weight, and stem and hypocotyl diameters of individual plants occurred as within-row spacing increased. Uprooting resistance, taproot weight, and taproot diameter increased as within-row spacing increased up to 15 cm followed by a nonsignificant increase at 20 cm. No differences in adventitious root weight or shoot:root ratios occurred among within-row spacing treatments. ‘Redkote’ root parameters were significantly higher than those of‘Redkloud’, with the exception of adventitious root weight and uprooting resistance. Seed yields were highest for 15 cm spacing although not significantly more than at 5 cm spacing. All parameters with the exception of basal root number were significantly lower during anthesis when compared with full pod fill growth stage.
Influence of Peroxyacetyl Nitrate (PAN) on Water Stress in Bean Plants1
Authors: Starkey T. E. , Davis D. D. , Pell E. J. , Merrill W.
Published: October 2022

Bean plants (Phaseolus vulgaris L. cvs. Provider and Stringless Black Valentine) were exposed to 395 µg/m3 (0.08 ppm) peroxyacetyl nitrate (PAN) for 0.5 hr and subjected to drought stress following exposure. PAN influenced the plant water potential of ΡAN-sensitive ‘Provider’ resulting in visible wilting and reduced soil moisture content. There was no effect of PAN on the water relations of the PAN-tolerant ‘Stringless Black Valentine’.
Calcium Movement, a Regulating Factor in the Initiation of Tomato Fruit Ripening1
Authors: Rigney C. J. , Wills R. B. H.
Published: October 2022

The endogenous levels of calcium in the cell walls of pericarp tissue of tomato (Lyco-persicon esculentum Mill.) and the soluble and bound calcium content of this tissue were examined during fruit growth and maturation. Cell wall calcium level increased during fruit development to the fully grown, immature stage, but dropped just prior to the onset of ripening. The changes in soluble and bound calcium during ontogeny indicated that calcium was solublized during the early stages of ripening.
Identification of a Gene Affecting Pedicel Orientation in Tomato1
Authors: Gardner Randolph G.
Published: October 2022

A mutant of the tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. cv. Flora-Dade) was characterized by straight pedicels oriented in an upright position. A genetic study indicated the mutant character was controlled by a single recessive gene, which has been tentatively designated as up-right pedicel (up). The up locus is linked to the jointless pedicel (j-2) character of ‘Flora-Dade’, with a crossover distance of 8.5 units.
Resistance of Selected Cool and Warm Season Turfgrasses to the Greenbug (Schizaphis graminum)1
Authors: Jackson D. W. , Vessels K. J. , Potter D. A.
Published: October 2022

Three genetically diverse Kentucky bluegrasses (Poa pratensis L. cvs. Kenblue, Vantage, and Adelphi) and 6 other turfgrasses were evaluated for susceptibility to the greenbug, Schizaphis graminum Rondani. Nine common lawn weed species were also tested as potential alternative hosts. Heavy greenbug populations and feeding damage occurred on all 3 bluegrasses and on tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb. cv. Kentucky 31) and chewings fescue (Festuca rubra var. cummutata Guad. cv. Jamestown). Creeping bentgrass (Agrostis palustris Huds. cv. Penncross), bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon L. cv. Midiron), perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L. cv. Derby), and zoysia grass (Zoysia japonica Steud. cv. Meyer) were not suitable hosts. No greenbugs survived on the 9 weed species tested.
Potassium Nutrition of Stocks in Bark. Peat-lite, and Soil Media1
Authors: Holmes R. L. , Coorts G. D. , Rosenfeld T. L.
Published: October 2022

Four levels of K were applied at weekly intervals to 2 plantings of Matthiola incana (L.) R. Br. grown to anthesis in 3 media. At all levels of K the plants grown in the bark medium had the greatest height, spike length, oven dry weight, and shortest time to anthesis. The optimum tested level was 100 ppm K for plants grown in both the soil mix medium and the peat-lite medium. Differences in plant performance were associated more with media than with levels of K.
Iris Bulb Heat Curing Calculations for the Minimum Number of Curing Days by the Equivalent Unit Method1
Authors: Kimura Yosh
Published: October 2022

The minimum number of required heat curing days for bulbs of Iris hollandica Hoog cvs. Ideal and Wedgwood was estimated from the pre-lifting ground temperatures and a table giving incremental 1-day heat values expressed as 32.2°C day equivalents.
Influence of Nitrogen and Phosphorus on Shoot:Root Ratio of Ilex crenata Thunb. ‘Helleri’1
Authors: Yeager T.H. , Wright R. D.
Published: October 2022

Higher N rates applied to Ilex crenata‘ Helleri’ holly liners grown in the greenhouse increased shoot growth but-decreased root growth resulting in a greater shoot:root ratio. Higher N rates reduced the time required for a shoot growth flush to occur. Ρ at 85-500 ppm had no effect on shoot or root growth. Continued growth of liners at 50 ppm N lowered the shoot:root ratio due to stimulation of root growth while 300 ppm N caused the shoot:root ratio to increase due to increased shoot growth.
‘Alena’ Watermelon1
Authors: Karchi Zvi , Govers Anneke , Nerson Haim
Published: October 2022

‘Alena’ is an open-pollinated, tetraploid watermelon (Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) Matsum. & Nakai) of excellent quality, adapted for conditions of intensive cultivation and fertilization. Fruit size ranges up to 4 kg with about 70 seeds per fruit. The flesh is dark red, very firm, and with a sugar content ranging up to 12.5%. Rind color is black-green, with maturity about 7 to 10 days later than ‘Sugar Baby’.
‘Travis’ Sweet Potato1
Authors: Hernandez Teme P. , Constantino Roysell J. , Hammett Harrell , Martin Weston J. , Clark Christopher , Rolston Larry
Published: October 2022

‘Travis’ is an early maturity, high yielding sweet potato cultivar with resistance to soil rot, Streptomyces ipomoea [(Persons & W.J. Martin) Waks & Henrici] released by the Louisiana Agricultural Experiment Station in 1980. It produces high yield of well shaped rose skin colored roots with a deep orange flesh. ‘Travis’ also has resistance to Fusarium wilt, root-knot and internal cork virus. ‘Travis’ was grown from true seed in 1974 and tested as ‘L4-62’.
Satellite Frost Forecast System
Authors: Martsolf J. David
Published: October 2022

The color-coded thermal map of the Florida peninsula on the cover is a satellite view of the January 13, 1981 freeze, one of the two most disastrous freezes of this century. The map is a product of the Satellite Frost Forecast System (SFFS) developed by the Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences of the University of Florida with support from the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. SFFS acquires temperatures sensed by the GOES-EAST satellite from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) facilities in Suitland, Md., through an automated telephone link (see insert). Instructions within the mini-computer, the heart of SFFS, partition the temperature data into color bands and cause the resulting map to be displayed on a color TV screen within minutes of the reception of the satellite data. Currently, NOAA sectorizes the infrared satellite data, i.e., partitions the Florida peninsula data from that for the hemisphere, and moves it to a separate queue from which SFFS acquires it by a telephone call that requires about 3 minutes per map.
Computer-planned Gardens1
Authors: Bernstein Julie F. , Wott John A. , Santini Judy
Published: October 2022

The Fast Agricultural Communications Terminal System (FACTS) is a computer-based communications system with intelligent terminals in each Indiana County Extension office, departmental offices at Purdue, and linkage to a central computer. A program was developed to plan a home vegetable garden which included 27 vegetables, data on crop placement, planting dates, general cultural information and yield data. The program was based on input and predetermined yield data. It has been widely accepted by neophyte as well as experienced gardeners and is a prototype for additional programs in home horticulture.
The Apple Industry in Korea1, 2
Authors: Proctor J. T. A. , Lee Jae Chang
Published: October 2022

The word “apple” was first recorded in Korean literature in 1103 BC. After that, and up to the end of the 14th century, an apple cultivar Numgkeum (Malus asiatica Nakai) was grown in Gaeseong, the capital city. Today, Korea has an apple industry of some 46,088 ha with a production of about 444,000 MT. The spectacular increase in the Korean apple industry since the Korean War (1950-53) has paralleled the unprecedented growth rate of a newly industrialized nation. Few westerners realize this. A study of the apple industry reveals a fascinating growth story with many aspects of interest to pomologists around the world.
The Anatomy of a Study1
Authors: Urquhart N. Scott
Published: October 2022

Formally, anatomy deals with both the actual and conceptual isolation of various parts and systems of an organism for the purpose of describing its parts, their positions, relations, structures, and functions. Although you may associate memorization with anatomy, it really serves to structure our thinking about an organism. In fact, the human mind seems to understand a complex situation or structure by first subdividing it into components, then studying each component and finally relating the components. Reflect for a minute: we do this as teachers, researchers, and students. It seems reasonable, even though perhaps not formally correct, to describe the dissection of a study into its parts, their examination, and their relations as the anatomy of a study. I plan for the following anatomy to focus your attention on general structures without particular concern for occasional difficulties and degeneracies.
Increased Plant Vigor by in Vitro Propagation of Saintpaulia ionantha Wendl. from Sub-epidermal Tissue1
Authors: Bilkey P. C. , Cocking E. C.
Published: October 2022

Differential regeneration capacities of epidermal and sub-epidermal tissues of Saintpaulia ionantha Wendl. ‘Georgia’ were dependent on the basal salts used in the tissue culture medium. Murashige and Skoog salts medium containing 0.1 mg/liter a-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) and 0.5 mg/liter benzyamino purine (BA) induced callus from petiole cross-sections and similar cross-sections with their epidermis removed. Shoot regeneration occurred only on the explants containing an epidermis. B5 salts medium, with the same growth hormone concentrations, induced shoot regeneration from both explant types. When grown to flowering, plants derived from sub-epidermal tissues were more vigorous, became 25% greater in fresh weight, 11% larger in diameter, and produced 28% more leaves, which were 14% wider with petioles 18% longer, than their epidermal derived counterparts.
In Vitro Propagation of Hyacinth1, 2
Authors: Kim Y. -J. , Hasegawa P. M. , Bressan R. A.
Published: October 2022

Numerous bulblets were obtained directly from flower bud tissue of Hyacinthus orientalis L. cvs. Anna Marie and Delft Blue on medium containing Murashige and Skoog salts, vitamins, glycine, i-inositol, sucrose, and agar plus 3 mg/liter 6-benzylamino purine (BA) and 0.3 mg/liter naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA), both in darkness and in light. Root formation occurred when individual bulblets were separated and transferred to a medium containing 0.1 mg/liter NAA. Over 90% of bulblets of both cultivars grown on this medium were successfully transferred to a soil mixture.
Sensitivity of Ginseng to Ozone and Sulfur Dioxide1
Authors: A. Proctor J. T. , Ormrod D. P.
Published: October 2022

American ginseng (Panax quinquefolius L.), was injured by exposure to 20 pphm ozone and/or 50 pphm (v/v) sulfur dioxide for 6 hr daily for 4 days. Ozone induced upper surface leaflet stippling along the veins and interveinaily, and sulfur dioxide induced mild chlorosis to irregular necrotic areas. Ginseng was less sensitive to ozone and as sensitive to sulfur dioxide as ‘Cherry Belle’ radish (Raphanus sativus L.) and ‘Bel W-3’ tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.).
Rootstock Influences on ‘Bartlett’ and ‘d’ Anjou’ Pear Fruit Quality at Harvest and after Storage1
Authors: Fallahi Esmaeil , Larsen Fenton E
Published: October 2022

Maturity and storage characteristics of ‘Bartlett’ and ‘d’ Anjou’ fruits from trees planted in 1965 on 8 Pyrus rootstocks were studied in 1977, with all fruits of a cultivar harvested on the same date. Fruits of ‘Bartlett’/Old Home (OH) had high soluble solids, low weight loss, and rapid change of color from green to yellow after 3 months storage, indicating that these fruits were harvested at optimum maturity. Fruits of ‘d’ Anjou’/OH were also high in soluble solids at harvest and after storage for 3 and 4 months and changed color properly after storage. Fruits from ‘Bartlett’/P. betulaefolia Bunge, changed color slowly and had high weight loss and firmness after storage, indicating immaturity at harvest. Fruit of ‘d’ Anjou’/P. ussuriensis Maxim, were firmest at harvest but relatively soft after 3 and 4 months of storage. Fruit of ‘d’ Anjou’/P. betulaefolia were firm after storage with moderate weight loss, low soluble solids, and cork spot. Fruit of ‘d’ Anjou’/P. betulaefolia and P. ussuriensis were high in cork spot but low in scald. Some of these changes reflect an apparent rootstock influence on fruit maturation.
Yield and Growth Response of ‘Heritage’ Raspberry to Daminozide and Ethephon1
Authors: Crandall P. C. , Garth J. K. L.
Published: October 2022

Butanedioic acid mono-(2,2-dimethylhydroxide) (daminozide) at concentrations ranging from 2000-8000 ppm applied when primocanes were 45 cm tall (12–16 nodes) greatly increased the early yield of ‘Heritage’ raspberries (Rubus idaeus L.). The addition of (2-chlorethyl)phosphoric acid (ethephon) at 300 ppm tended to further increase the effectiveness of the daminozide treatments. None of the treatments significantly affected the total primocane height. Microscopic examination of the axillary buds of untreated primocanes revealed that first signs of floral development occurred soon after the growth regulators were applied.
Ericoid Mycorrhizas Stimulate Fruit Yield of Blueberry1
Authors: Powell C. L. , Bates P. M.
Published: October 2022

Two-year-old blueberry plants (Vaccinium corymbosum L.) of 6 cultivars were planted into a peat soil with or without ericoid mycorrhizal fungi inoculation. At the first fruit season, inoculation increased fruit yield by 11 to 92% among the six cultivars.
Effect of BA and GA on Fruit Drop of Citrus1
Authors: Dayuan Wang
Published: October 2022

Application of gibberellic acid (GA) and 6-benzylamino purine (BA) on whole trees of ‘Washington Navel’ orange (Citrus sinensis [L.] Osbeck) during anthesis caused flower thinning and increased leaf size of the spring growth flush. BA sprayed on whole trees at the young fruit stage induced premature initiation of the summer growth flush and resulted in serious fruit drop. Application of B A on the surface of individual young fruit of ‘Washington Navel’ orange and ‘Satsuma’ mandarin (C. reticulata Blanco) prevented postbloom drop, but not June drop. Neither GA nor BA had any influence on fruit-set of “Jeng” orange.
Levels of Dichlorvos on Calimyrna Figs1
Authors: Archer Thomas E.
Published: October 2022

Residues of 2,2-dichlorovinyl dimethyl phosphate (dichlorvos) on Calimyrna figs (Ficus carica L.) declined to <5 ppb by day 6 after trees were pressure sprayed with 2,805 liters/ha at a rate of 2.24 kg Vaponite 2 a.i./ha for control of dried fruit beetle (Carpophilus hemipterus L.) and Drosophila spp. and fruit were sampled at 0, 1, 2, 4, 6 and 10 days. Very little residue (<5 to 33 ppb) was detected on fresh figs after multiple applications of 2.24 and 4.48 kg a.i./ha. All of the ground dried figs had significant residues. About 90.9% of the residues were removed after dehydration. Dichlorvos residues were on the surface of the figs but were not easily removed by surface wash only. Residues were absorbed in the surface cuticle materials of the figs and surface waxes must be dissolved to successfully remove the residues from the plant material.
Thiocyanate Ion Content in Relation to Clubroot Disease Severity in Cabbages1
Authors: Chong Calvin , Chiang M. S. , Crête R.
Published: October 2022

Thiocyanate ion (SCN−) content, derived from indolylglucosinolates, was analyzed in the head and roots of 3 cabbage lines (80–5, 80–38, and 80–35, all derived from interspecific hybridization between Brassica napus L. and B. oleracea L. Capitata group), segregating for degrees of susceptibility to clubroot disease incited by Plasmodiophora brassicac Wor. There was a linear increase in SCN− content in heads with increasing clubroot severity of both susceptible lines 80–5 and 80–38. The head SCN- content of line 80–35, resistant to clubroot, was not influenced by clubroot severity and was negatively correlated with head SCN− content. Root fresh weight increased with increasing clubroot severity and was positively correlated with root SCN− content.
Tomato Production and Soil Pest Control in Relation to Width of Fumigated and Mulched Bed and Soil Fumigation Rate1
Authors: Jaworski C. A. , Phatak S. C. , Johnson A. W. , McCarter S. M.
Published: October 2022

Polyethylene mulched bed widths (28, 56, 84 and 112 cm) with methyl bromide-chloropicrin gas mixture (67-33%, 280 kg/ha) soil fumigation were evaluated in 2 tests for soil pest control and production of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.). In 2 other tests, methyl bromide-chloropicrin rates of 0, 70, 140, 210 and 280 kg/ha applied under a 112-cm wide mulched bed were evaluated. Populations of root-knot nematodes, parasitic soil fungi, and root-gall indices decreased with increases in mulched bed width. All fumigation rates resulted in decreased populations of root-knot larvae, Fusarium spp., Pythium spp., Rhizoctonia solani and root-gall indices compared with non-fumigated plots. In greenhouse tests, tomato seedlings emerged and survived best in potted soil from mulched plots with the widest bed and those treated with the highest rate of fumigant. Marketable tomato yields increased linearly with increased bed width in 1 test whereas yields were similar among treatments in the other tests.
Cotyledon Shading and Seedling Growth of Pumpkin1
Authors: Splittstoesser Walter E.
Published: October 2022

Pumpkin (Cucurbita moschata Poir, cv. Dickinson Field) seedlings were grown in the light, in the dark, or in the light with the cotyledons covered. Cotyledons kept in the dark or covered, lost a fourth of their dry weight to support axis tissue growth and were dead 25 days after planting. Dry weight of light-grown cotyledons decreased initially but by 25 days after planting equaled their initial dry weight. Dry weight of dark-grown axis tissue increased for 9 days and then remained constant. The weight of axis tissue of plants grown in the light at 25 days was 4-fold greater than axis tissue from plants whose cotyledons were covered. The data show that shading of the cotyledons dramatically affect the growth of the axis tissue of the young pumpkin seedling.
Effects of Growth Regulators on Diseases of Begonia, Chrysanthemum, Poinsettia, and Rose1
Authors: Sammons Bernard , Rissler Jane F. , Shanks James B.
Published: October 2022

Seven growth regulators representing ethylene-generating materials, auxins, gibberellins, cytokinins and inhibitors were applied prior to inoculation with selected pathogens of chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat.), begonia (Begonia X hiemalis Fotech.), rose (Rosa hybrida L.), and poinsettia (Euphorbia pulcherrima Willd.). (2-ChloroethyI)phosphonic acid (ethephon) and 6-benzylamino purine (BA) increased the incidence of Ascochyta ray blight (incited by Ascochyta chrysanthemi Stevens) on ‘Ritz’ chrysanthemum but the other materials had no effect. None of the growth regulators influenced powdery mildrew [Sphaerotheca pannosa (Wallr.) Lev.] of rose, powdery mildew (Erysiphe cichoracearum DC.) of begonia, or grey mold (Botrytis cinerea Pers. ex Fr.) of poinsettia.
Factors Affecting Predisposition of Flowering Dogwood Trees to Attack by the Dogwood Borer1
Authors: Potter D. A. , Timmons G. M.
Published: October 2022

Factors affecting natural infestation of flowering dogwoods (Cornus florida L.) by the dogwood borer, Synanthedon scitula Harris (Lepidoptera: Sesiidae), were studied in an urban cemetery in Louisville, Kentucky. Two tree characteristics, severity of trunk wounding and exposure to sun, were most important in determining the probability of borer attack. Degree of crown dieback or color of bloom did not significantly affect the rate of infestation. There was no correlation between tree diameter and probability of attack, but height of attack sites increased linearly with increasing tree size.
Cold Hardiness of Bermudagrass and Paspalum vaginatum Sw.1
Authors: Ibitayo O. O. , Butler J. D. , Burke M. J.
Published: October 2022

Field and laboratory tests of cold hardiness were conducted on 8 cultivars of bermudagrass (Cynodon spp.) and 2 cultivars of Paspalum vaginatum. The cultivars of bermudagrass were more cold hardy than those of Paspalum. ‘Brookings’ bermudagrass was the hardiest turfgrass.
‘Trost Prince’ and ‘Frost Princess’ Camellias1
Authors: Ackerman W. L. , Williams Margot
Published: October 2022

Camellias are grown out-of-doors along the East Coast from Maryland to Florida, westward through the Gulf States to Texas, and along the West Coast from southern California to coastal Oregon and Washington. This region, described roughly as the “Camellia Belt” is responsible for most of the camellias grown in the United States. Beyond this region there are scattered plantings, usually under protected microclimatic conditions, subject to severe winterkill during periodic colder than normal winters.
The National Plant Germplasm System1
Authors: Jones Quentin
Published: October 2022

Plant germplasm is the base for a productive agriculture. It is the genetic raw material required by breeders for the development of new, superior cultivars that can insure a stable, plentiful supply of food, feed, and fiber having desirable qualities. The National Plant Germplasm System (NPGS), a network of public and private workers and facilities around the United States, is the steward for this irreplaceable resource. Over 450,000 samples in the form of seed or growing plants (propagated as clones) are contained within the system; more than 200,000 sub-samples of these are distributed to breeders and other users each year. The collection is expanding at the rate of 7,500 new introductions annually.
Collegiate Branch Forum Papers
Authors: Wetzstein Hazel
Published: October 2022

The Collegiate Branch Forum is an excellent means for undergraduate students to gain experience in presenting papers and to become involved in research. Students need much time and guidance at the undergraduate level. However, considering the purpose behind collegiate branch papers, I elected not to co-author their papers. This was also the case in some of the other collegiate papers in which only the student's name appears. I question whether a paper belongs in the collegiate division if several faculty names appear as co-authors. Perhaps a concensus should be made concerning the number of students allowed on a single paper and whether faculty advisors are to be co-authors. One paper given this year had seven co-authors.
Extension Response to a Serious Freeze in Florida1
Authors: Jackson L. K.
Published: October 2022

The severe freeze of January 12–14, 1981 gave Florida Fruit Crops Extension faculty some serious challenges and unique opportunities in ensuing months. Record-breaking low temperatures throughout peninsular Florida severely damaged much of Florida’s citrus and growers were faced with many problems dealing with rehabilitation and care of frozen fruit and trees. Within 24 hours after the severity of the freeze was apparent, Extension faculty of the University of Florida's Department of Fruit Crops had formulated a massive state-wide effort of intensive Extension to help growers cope with their problems. This paper outlines the procedure used to formulate this educational program.
Superimposed Amplified Exotherm Differential Thermal Analysis System1
Authors: Nus J. L. , Weigle J. L. , Schradle J. J.
Published: October 2022

Superimposed Amplified Exotherm Differential Thermal Analysis System is presented as a system used for detecting low-temperature exotherms of excised dormant flower buds. This system uses thermistors that do not penetrate the tissue and a liquid freezing medium for more uniform temperatures between the sample and reference. A test chamber is presented that can be used with a nonprogrammable freezer. Tests with Forsythia flower buds indicate 2 exotherms, the second of which is associated with a dramatic loss of tissue viability.
Movement of Granular Simazine by Wind Erosion1
Authors: Gaynor J. D. , MacTavish D. C.
Published: October 2022

An early spring wind storm 8 days after application of granular simazine [2-chloro-4,6-bis (ethylamino)-s-tгiazine] to sandy loam soil reduced the amount of simazine in the treated area to 57% of that applied. The herbicide was deposited up to 2½ m downwind of the area of application at concentrations phytotoxic to susceptible crops. These results and observations made in other years suggest that herbicide loss by wind erosion may be more significant than loss by water erosion.
Leaching of EPTC, Alachlor, and Metolachlor through a Nursery Medium as Influenced by Herbicide Formulations1
Authors: Koncal J. J. , Gorske S. F. , Fretz T. A.
Published: October 2022

Granular and tablet formulations of EPTC (S-ethyl dipropylthiocarbamate), alachlor (2-chloro-2’, 6’-diethyl-N-(methoxymethyl)acetanilide) and metolachlor (2-chloro-N-(2-ethyl-6-methylphenyl)-N-(2-methoxy-l-methylethyl)acetamide) were evaluated for leaching characteristics in nursery containers. The tablet formulations generally controlled the release rate of the herbicides so leaching was not a major problem. Granular formulations of the same herbicides readily leached through the medium. EPTC did not release at a favorable rate from the tablet formulation.
The Use of Silver Thiosulfate Anionic Complex as a Foliar Spray to Prevent Flower Abscission of Zygocactus1
Authors: Cameron Arthur C. , Reid Michael S.
Published: October 2022

After 4 days, zygocactus plants (Schlumbergera truncata) exposed to air containing 0.5, 5 and 50 µl/liter C2H4 or held in the dark at 26°C dropped all their buds and flowers. Foliar application of silver thiosulfate (STS) significantly reduced flower and bud abscission of zygocactus plants stressed by exposure to C2H4 or 26°C plus dark even 4 weeks after application. Phytotoxicity was negligible when the silver concentration was 2 mm or less.
Effect of Silver-thiosulfate Pretreatment on Vase Life of Cut Standard Carnations, Spray Carnations, and Gladiolus, after a Transcontinental Truck Shipment1
Authors: Mor Yoram , Hardenburg Robert E. , Kofranek Anton M. , Reid Michael S.
Published: October 2022

Treatment of ‘Scania’ standard carnations and ‘Elegance’ spray carnations (Dianthus caryophyllus L.) with silver thiosulate and the biocide Physan before shipment markedly extended shelf life in deionized water after arrival. The treatment extended vase life of ‘Scania’ and ‘Elegance’ 11.5 and 5.2 days, respectively, over controls. Pretreatment of ‘Captain Busch’ gladiolus Gladiolus × hortulanus L. H. Bailey with silver thiosulfate alone or with a 10% sucrose pulse improved the quality of the spikes but did not extend vase life after shipment.
Influence of Growth Stage and Cultivar on Symptom Expression in Marigold, Tagetes sp., Infected by Pseudomonas syringae pv. tagetis1
Authors: Styer D. J. , Durbin R. D.
Published: October 2022

The reaction of 39 marigold cultivars to Pseudomonas syringae pv. tagetis Young, Dye & Wilkie was determined. Three new symptoms were observed in addition to large necrotic leaf spots with or without apical chlorosis: flecks and leaf spots both surrounded by chlorotic halos and apical chlorosis without leaf spots. Symptoms develop only on vegetatively growing tissue; new symptoms do not develop on mature tissue. Tall cultivars generally were more susceptible than dwarf cultivars.
Cyanogenesis in Sweet and Bitter Cultivars of Cassava1
Authors: Pereira José F. , Seigier David S. , Splittstoesser Walter E.
Published: October 2022

Cyanide content of the leaves and roots of 6 Venezuelan cultivars of Manihot esculenta Crantz (yuca, cassava) did not necessarily coincide with their organoleptic classifications. Leaves and root periderm contained the largest amount of cyanogenic compounds. The content of cyanide in leaves and root periderm was not associated with the cyanide content of root parenchymal tissue.
Relation of Photosynthetic Rates to Yield in Sweet Potato Genotypes1
Authors: Bhagsari Ajmer S.
Published: October 2022

Significant differences were observed in yield, net photosynthetic rates (Pn), percent leaf nitrogen, chlorophyll content, stomatal density and specific leaf weight in various genotypes of sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam.) but these characters were not correlated with root yield.
‘Tuscarora’ Lagerstroemia1
Authors: Egolf Donald R.
Published: October 2022

‘Tuscarora’, with dark coral flowers (Fig.1), is the first significant flower color break recovered among L. indica L. × L. fauriei Koehne progeny. Lagerstroemia, commonly known as crapemyrtle, for the most part has been commercially distributed only in red, pink, lavender, and white flower forms. Although The Lagerstroemia Handbook/Checklist (1) enumerates numerous cultivars, few have proved superior to unnamed color forms, or have been of commercial significance, because of mildew incited by Erysiphe lagerstroemiae E. West. From earlier hybridization at the U.S. National Arboretum, 6 mildew-resistant L. indica cultivars (‘Catawba’, ‘Cherokee’, ‘Conestoga’, ‘Potomac’, ‘Powhatan’, and ‘Seminole’) have been introduced (2, 3). More recently, the profuse flowering of L. indica was recombined with the bark coloration, mildew resistance, and growth habit characteristics of L. fauriei to produce ‘Muskogee’ and ‘Natchez’ (4). ‘Tuscarora’ is another noteworthy advance in the breeding of mildew-free Lagerstroemia cultivars.
‘Sivan’ Grape1
Authors: Spiegel-Roy P. , Asaph R. , Baron I. , Sahar N.
Published: October 2022

In a table grape-breeding program initiated in 1968 at Bet Dagan, the progeny of a cross between the local cultivar ‘Dabouki’ and ‘Cardinal’, has proven of special interest and several selections have been made. One selection is being named ‘Sivan’.
‘Hull Thornless’ Blackberry1
Authors: Galletta G. J. , Draper A. D. , Hill R. G. , Blake R. C. , Skirvin R. M.
Published: October 2022

‘Hull Thornless’ (Rubus sp., is a vigorous and productive thornless blackberry cultivar with firm, sweet, fruit. It is named for the late John W. (Jack) Hull, formerly of the University of Maryland, the University of Arkansas, and the U.S. Department of Agriculture, who spent most of his life breeding blackberries and raspberries. ‘Hull Thornless’ is the fifth in a series of tetraploid, genetically thornless blackberry hybrids developed by the USDA and cooperating agencies (4). It is adapted principally to USDA Plant Hardiness Zones 6-8.
‘Explorer’ Plum1
Authors: Thompson J. M. , Prince V. E.
Published: October 2022

‘Explorer‘ plum (complex hybrid with reciprocal representations of Prunus salicina Lindl., P. americana Marsh., and P. simonii Carr.) was released by the Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture to provide a large, July-maturing, amberfleshed purple plum adapted to Japanese-type plum-growing areas of the southeastern United States.
‘Redfree’ Apple1
Authors: Williams E. B. , Janick Jules , Emerson F. H. , Dayton D. F. , Hough L. F. , Bailey Catherine
Published: October 2022

‘Redfree’ is an attractive high finish red apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) with field immunity to the apple scab organism (Venturia inaequalis (Cke.) Wint). The fruit is medium size. It matures 2 to 3 weeks before ‘Prima’ and 1 week before ‘Paulared’. ‘Redfree’ is released as a potential commercial cultivar for use as a summer dessert apple.
‘Capital’ Ornamental Pear1
Authors: Ackerman W. L.
Published: October 2022

It is now more than 2 decades since the release of Pyrus calleryana Dcne. cv. Bradford by the U.S. Department of Agriculture (3, 5). During this time it has become a very popular shade tree for landscape and street planting purposes. Widely grown throughout the Mid-Atlantic States, westward to the Mississippi and in parts of the West Coast, it is listed among the “Ten Most Recommended Trees” of several states. ‘Bradford’ has a broad globular crown and may grow to over 15 m in height and in width at maturity.
Evaluation of Oxadiazon and Oxyfluorfen for Weed Control in Container-Grown Ornamentals1
Authors: Creager R. A.
Published: October 2022

During 1978 and 1979, oxadiazon [2-ferf-butyl-4-(2-,4-dichloro-5-isopropoxyphenyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazolin-5-one] and oxyfluorfen [2-chloro-1-(3-ethoxy-4-nitrophenoxy)-4-(trifluoromethyl)benzene] were evaluated on 7 species of container-grown ornamentals for full season weed control, phytotoxicity, and final plant size. Based on these experiments, both herbicides provided 75% or better weed control for a 4 month period when applied at recommended and higher rates. Neither herbicide caused any significant plant injury to the 7 species when applied at 4 times the recommended rate. The largest plants were produced in containers treated with the herbicide rates providing the best weed control, and also in the weeded controls.