bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Signo patológico en la imagen y cambio en las emociones sociales
Authors: Arrubla Sánchez Ricardo , Saavedra Edwin Camilo , Dueñas Gaitán Felix Fernando
Published: March 2024

En el contexto de la cultura digital, la imagen ha sufrido un cambio vertiginoso y profundo que tiene un impacto en la psicología individual y la conciencia colectiva. Por tal razón, la investigación analiza la composición simbólica de las imágenes con signo patológico relacionadas con la catástrofe ambiental y el futuro de la humanidad difundidas en la web. Para ello se realizó un estudio de tipo cualitativo con enfoque fenomenológico-hermenéutico que permitió comprender los campos simbólicos y el contenido de las imágenes con signo patológico. La revisión permitió la identificación de 89 imágenes que fueron clasificadas desde una postura de menor a mayor nivel de contenido negativo, hecho que permite concluir que su frecuencia de exposición influye en la intensidad de las emociones positivas y en el surgimiento de una emocionalidad que impida la disociación del espectador.
Religiosidade, espiritualidade e saúde mental em estudantes de ensino médio: um estudo transversal
Authors: Chies Gabriel Antônio Flores , Takimi Lucia Naomi
Published: March 2024

Introdução: A prevalência de ansiedade e depressão entre adolescentes é crescente em todo o mundo. A religiosidade e a espiritualidade se relacionam a saúde tanto física quanto mental, bem como  qualidade de vida e ao bem-estar.  Objetivo: Verificar a associação entre religiosidade, espiritualidade e resultados de  ansiedade e depressão em adolescentes. Método: Estudo transversal e quantitativo, com amostra de 133 estudantes de ensino médio, entre 14 e 19 anos, de uma escola pública da região metropolitana de Porto Alegre. Foram utilizadas as escalas autoaplicáveis Screen for Child Anxiety Related Emotional Disorders (SCARED), Inventário de depressão de Beck II (BDI-II), Escala de Religiosidade da Duke (DUREL-P), Medida de orientação de vida e saúde espiritual (SHALOM). Resultados: A prevalência de depressão foi de 56,1%. Fatores de risco sociodemográficos para depressão: gênero feminino, não-heterossexuais, ter sofrido bullying no passado, consumo de álcool e diagnóstico prévio ou história familiar de transtorno psiquiátrico. A prevalência de ansiedade foi de 65,9% e os fatores associados foram o gênero feminino, já ter sofrido bullying e história familiar de transtorno psiquiátrico. Participantes com baixos índices de  religiosidade  intrínseca, ideal de espiritualidade e vivência espiritual tiveram uma chance maior de  depressão. Escores de vivência espiritual mais baixos também tiveram mais chance de ansiedade.  Conclusão: Os resultados sugerem que a religiosidade/espiritualidade pode desempenhar um papel protetor em relação à saúde mental na população hebiátrica, reduzindo a prevalência de sintomas depressivos e ansiosos. Todavia, mais pesquisas são necessárias para aprofundar o conhecimento sobre essa relação e entender os mecanismos subjacentes.
TYPES OF MONETARY TOOLS AND FEATURES OF THEIR USE TO STIMULATE ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT OF THE STATE
Authors:   National University ", Donkohlova Tetiana ,   Kyiv-Mohyla Academy", Reshetylov Denys ,   Chernihiv Polytechnic National University
Published: March 2024

In today’s world, in every developed country, the entire monetary system, which is part of the of the financial system and, accordingly, the national economy, develops exclusively using a range of mon-etary tools, the types of which depend on the current economic situation in the country and the main strategic vectors of its further development. The efficiency of these tools, their effectiveness, and correct use are important components of building an effective system of state regulation of the economy.In the article, theoretical provision of the application of certain types of monetary tools to stimulate economic development of the state are considered. In particular, the author considers certain aspects of the monetarism as a scientific theory and identifies its substantive features. Also, scientific approaches to the consideration of the essence of monetary tools and separation of their types are analysed. Considerable attention is paid to substantiating and deepening of the theoretical and methodo-logical provisions for the transmission mechanism functioning, specifying its content, specific essential features, describing the components of this mechanism, their interaction and main subjects. It is pro-posed by the author to consider the transmission mechanism as a set of monetary tools, the use of which allows state institutions to influence the behaviour of economic entities through appropriate channels by changing the main macroeconomic indicators (exchange rate, inflation, demand, supply, expectations of the population and business). Within the article, the channels through which the monetary tools can influence economic processes are examined in detail, namely: the use of discount rate, long-term rates, and the use of the exchange rate.It is also established that the rational use of the monetary tools, a successful combination of their individual types, and the ability to predict the consequences of their use are important components of the implementation of the effective model of the monetary policy in the country, which stimulates eco-nomic development and curbs inflation.
THEORETICALPROVISIONS OF BANK LENDING TO HOUSEHOLDS
Authors:   Chernihiv National University of Technology, Murashkovska Iryna , Barylko Andriy ,   Chernihiv Polytechnic National University
Published: March 2024

Bankinginstitutionsplayakeyroleinthenationaleconomydevelopment.These institutions cre-ate conditions for lending to economic entities, invest in the real sector of the national economy, and play a key role in the functioning of the payment system.Bank lending to households is one of the most important areas of the activity of commercial banks, which is actively developing at all times.Household lending is actually the type of lending in which credit relations between borrowers and lenders have historically been born in general.It is the relevance of this types of lending and a significant role of households in the activities of commercial banks that determine the importance of conducting new theoretical research in this direction.The purpose of the articleis to deepen theoretical provisions of bank lending to households, taking into account current trends in the functioning of the financial services market.As a result of the study, the essence of individual economic categories was analysed to substantiate the essence of bank lending to households.First of all, based on the analysis of the approaches developed in the scientific literatures to substantiate the essence of the category “credit”, the content features of this definition are concretized.This, in turn, made it possible to identify the main economic entities that provide lending services to other business entities that determine their role in the formation of the country’s credit system.Accordingly, banking institutions and non-bank credit institutions are identified among such insti-tutions, and their role in the functioning of the banking and parabank systems is specified.The essence of bank lending is considered, which is also carried out based on the analysis of existing scientific approaches to the interpretation of the content of this definition.It is proposed to consider bank lending to households as a process of interaction between a commercial bank (lender) and a household (borrower) regarding the transfer to temporary use by the borrower of the number of financial resources specified in the loan agreement for certain purposes, provided that the funds are returned in the future with interest for their use based on the compliance with the following principles: urgency, payment, purposefulness, payback and security
Clinicoradiological features of cerebral microbleeds diagnosed on magnetic resonance neuroimaging
Authors: Bharath Jayaram , Amuthabharathi Mohan , Sivasubramaniyan Kulumani M. , Adithan Subathra , Narayan Sunil K. , Sunitha Vellathussery C. , Nagarajan Krishnan
Published: March 2024

Objectives:

Cerebral microbleeds (MBs) are recently described entity on magnetic resonance (MR) neuroimaging and are considered one of the markers of small vessel disease. We aimed to study the clinicoradiological features of cerebral MBs that were diagnosed in MR neuroimaging.

Materials and Methods:

We studied 109 South Indian patients, who presented to a tertiary care institution for MR neuroimaging with cerebral MBs as diagnosed on MR neuroimaging based on either the gradient T2* imaging or susceptibility-weighted imaging. The clinical details and coexisting MR features of infarcts, macrohemorrhages, lacunar infarcts, and white matter leukoaraiosis were evaluated and analyzed.

Results:

Of 109 patients, 79 were males and 30 were females. Associated clinical comorbidities noted include hypertension (62.39%), diabetes (23.85%), and alcoholism (31.19%) apart from the history of anti-platelet/anti-coagulant usage (15.5%), previous cardiac disease (12.84%), and previous stroke/transient ischemic attacks (9.17%). Other co-existing neuroimaging abnormalities noted include cortical infarcts (27.52%), old hemorrhages (29.36%), lacunar infarcts (56.88%), and white matter leukaraiosis (67.89%).

Conclusion:

The clinicoradiological features of cerebral MBs in South Indian patients are similar to other Asian and Western studies with significant coexistence of clinical comorbidities and imaging features of small vessel changes. Further studies with a larger sample are needed to correlate the grade of MBs to the individual risk of these clinicoradiological characteristics.
Wyzwania dla pracy kierowcy zawodowego w transporcie drogowym towarów
Authors: Baran Klaudia , Dudziak Agnieszka
Published: March 2024

Z całą pewnością można stwierdzić, że transport jest jednym z najbardziej znaczących działów gospodarki dzisiejszych czasów. Bez niego większość przedsiębiorstw nie mogłaby funkcjonować, co doprowadziłoby do zachwiania działalności całego rynku. Zadania należące do kierowcy w transporcie samochodowym nie kończą się jedynie na prowadzeniu samochodu ciężarowego. Artykuł ma na celu przedstawienie zadań, barier oraz problemów, z jakimi na co dzień muszą się zmagać zawodowi kierowcy oraz możliwe kierunki rozwoju tej branży.
W pracy oparto się na raportach instytucji działających na rynku polskim, ale także europejskim oraz artykułach z portali branżowych. Całość zwieńczono podsumowaniem.
The importance of auditing the quality of the production process in an automotive company
Authors: Jakuczek Bartosz , Janczewska Danuta
Published: March 2024

The purpose of this paper is to discuss the importance of the quality audit process in the automotive industry based on literature reviews. The paper consists of an introduction, four sections and a conclusion. The paper presents the issue of quality management in the automotive industry based on the requirements of the international ISO standard, including VDA guideline 6.3 (Verband der Automobilindustrie). A case study is used to illustrate the activities of a company producing car body components. The process of auditing the production process in the automotive industry is discussed using the example of the sheet steel forming process in the light of international quality standards. An analysis of non-compliance in this process based on the international automotive quality standard is presented.
Imminent Perforation of a Post-Traumatic Scleromalacia
Authors:   Mohammed 5 University of Rabat, Specialty Hospital of Rabat, Morocco., K Bouirig , A Akkoumi ,   Mohammed 5 University of Rabat, Specialty Hospital of Rabat, Morocco., O Cherkaoui ,   Mohammed 5 University of Rabat, Specialty Hospital of Rabat, Morocco.
Published: March 2024

Scleromalacia is a degenerative thinning of scleral tissue. Their general causes are dominated by inflammatory rheumatism and systemic vasculitis. The traumatic cause is very rare. We report a rare case of scleromalacia following a minor trauma with localized hernia of the uveal tissue covered by an intact conjunctiva.
Ligand-Independent Activation of Platelet-Derived Growth Factor Receptor β Promotes Contraction of Retinal Pigment Epithelial Cells
Authors:   Tianjin Key Laboratory of Retinal Functions and Diseases, Tianjin Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Disease, Eye Institute and School of Optometry, Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, China, Y Duan , W Wu ,   Department of Ophthalmology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital of Central South, China, J Cui ,   Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The University of British Columbia, Canada, JA Matsubara ,   Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The University of British Columbia, Canada, A Kazlauskas ,   Department of Ophthalmology, University of Illinois at Chicago, USA, X Li ,   Tianjin Key Laboratory of Retinal Functions and Diseases, Tianjin Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Disease, Eye Institute and School of Optometry, Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, China, Lei Hetian ,   Shenzhen Eye Hospital, Jinan University, Shenzhen Eye Institute, China
Published: March 2024

Background: Epiretinal membranes in patients with Proliferative Vitreoretinopathy (PVR) consist of extracellular matrix and a number of cell types including Retinal Pigment Epithelial (RPE) cells and fibroblasts, whose contraction causes retinal detachment. In RPE cells depletion of Platelet-Derived Growth Factor (PDGF) receptor (PDGFR) β suppresses vitreous-induced Akt activation, where as in fibroblasts Akt activation through indirect activation of PDGFRa by growth factors outside the PDGF family (non-PDGFs) plays an essential role in experimental PVR. Whether non-PDGFs in the vitreous, however, were also able to activate PDGFRβ in RPE cells remained elusive. Methods: We showed that expression of a truncated PDGFRβ lacking a PDGF-binding domain in the RPE cells whose PDGFRB gene had been silent using the CRISPR/Cas9 technology restored vitreous-induced Akt activation as well as cell proliferation, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, migration and contraction. Results: We found that scavenging Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) with N-acetyl-cysteine and inhibiting Src Family Kinases (SFKs) with their specific inhibitor SU6656 blunted the vitreous-induced activation of the truncated PDGFRβ and Akt as well as the cellular events related to the PVR pathogenesis. Conclusions: These discoveries suggest that in RPE cells PDGFRβ can be activated indirectly by non-PDGFs in the vitreous via an intracellular pathway of ROS/SFKs to facilitate the development of PVR, thereby providing novel opportunities for PVR therapeutics.
Regener-Eyes® Ophthalmic Solution: A New Therapeutic Agent to Relieve Dryness of the Eye for Tear Hyperosmolarity-Induced Pathological Changes in the Eyes of Patients Suffering From Dry Eye Discomfort
Authors:   Regenerative Processing Plant, LLC, United States of America, Harrell Carl Randall
Published: March 2024

Tear hyperosmolarity is an initial and crucial step in the development, progression and aggravation of dry eye discomfort. Decreased tear secretion or altered tear composition leads to tear film instability/imbalance which in Dry Eye (DE) patients results in abnormally rapid breakup of the tear film after blinking. Numerous structural changes in epithelial cells and mucin-producing goblet cells develop as a consequence of exposition of these cells to the hyperosmolar tears. Tear hyperosmolarity causes oxidative stress, disruption of DNA repair system and induces DNA damage in the cells of ocular surface and lacrimal system, leading to their apoptosis. An injury of lacrimal glands results in decreased tear secretion, enabling the creation of “positive loop” that leads to the DE progression and aggravation. Accordingly, eye drops, which alleviate tear hyperosmolarity and restore tear homeostasis at corneal surface, will break up vicious DEcycle and will relieve eye pain, irritation, discomfort, and vision disturbance in DE patients. Regener-Eyes® Ophthalmic Solution is a hypotonic solution enriched with osmoprotectants (that address the hyperosmolarity of a tear film), which helps support tear stability and contribute to relieve dryness of the eye in DE patients. In this article, we summarized current knowledge and future perspectives about topical administration of Regener-Eyes® Ophthalmic Solution to relieve dryness of the eye in DE patients.
The Influence of Biometric Factors on Refraction Post Uncomplicated Phacoemulsification: About 86 Cases
Authors:   Department of Ophtalmologie B & Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Hospital of Specialities, University Mohamed V, CHU ibn Sina Rabat, Morocco, Ihssan Hasnaoui , S Hassina ,   Department of Ophtalmologie B & Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Hospital of Specialities, University Mohamed V, CHU ibn Sina Rabat, Morocco, A Krichen ,   Department of Ophtalmologie B & Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Hospital of Specialities, University Mohamed V, CHU ibn Sina Rabat, Morocco, L Serghini ,   Department of Ophtalmologie B & Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Hospital of Specialities, University Mohamed V, CHU ibn Sina Rabat, Morocco, A Elhassan ,   Department of Ophtalmologie B & Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Hospital of Specialities, University Mohamed V, CHU ibn Sina Rabat, Morocco
Published: March 2024

Aim: to evaluate the biometric factors that influence the refraction obtained after simple phacoemulsification using the SRK/T formula. Methods: This is a prospective study of 86 eyes subjected to cataract surgery during a one-year period. The biometric factors evaluated include axial length, keratometry, lens thickness, anterior chamber depth and vitreous depth. The implant calculation formula employed was SRK/T, which is a commonly used method. All patients underwent phacoemulsification and implantation of a foldable intraocular lens into the capsular bag. Refraction was measured 30 days after surgery. Results: the mean axial length was 23.16±0.53mm, mean K1 was 43.5±1.50D, mean K2 was 43±1.63D, mean anterior chamber depth was 3.03mm, mean lens thickness was 3.37mm, mean postoperative target refraction was 0.16±0.377D, and mean postoperative refraction obtained was -0.226±0.625D. Among the eyes, 18.92% had a postoperative refraction within ±0.5D, and a non-target refraction outside ±0.5D was found in 64 eyes. In addition, 30.23% of the eyes had a postoperative refraction within ±0.75D. Conclusion: the SRK/T formula seems to be a dependable method for predicting postoperative refraction following cataract surgery. However, the accuracy of this prediction may be influenced by the axial length of the eye. Higher axial lengths are associated with a greater tendency towards myopia.
Clustering the countries of the Asia-Pacific by values of inclusive economic growth
Authors: Matveevskii S. S. , Borisova L. R.
Published: March 2024

The experience of development banks has led to the conclusion that they directly affect economic growth: projects implementation ensures production of goods and services, creates new workplaces. The growth of gross domestic product is not always inclusive and does not guarantee equal accessibility of all segments of the population to economic opportunities, education, health care, etc. on a constant basis. The Asian Development Bank (hereinafter referred to as the Bank) purposefully influences inclusive economic growth (hereinafter referred to as IEG) in the countries of the Asia-Pacific (hereinafter referred to as APAC) with the help of its own IEG model and allows assessing public administration, economic growth, social support, using 35 indicators, which contributes to reduction of poverty and inequality. For each country the Bank develops its own strategy of cooperation. The authors conducted a hier-archical clustering of the APAC countries based on the values of 24 IEG indicators of the Bank (for two datasets). The APAC countries in each cluster are characterised by approximately the same general level of IEG. The clustering model provides an opportunity to plan projects and assess their influence on IEG, excludes disadvantages of the so-called composite indices that could describe the IEG of a country or region with one value, compensates potential inaccuracies of the basic data.
Formation of a policy of technological sovereignty in the territories of advanced socio-economic development by attracting private and public capital
Authors: Stepanov N. S.
Published: March 2024

The relevance of the article is due to the fact that the issue of sovereignty is now firmly rooted in digital space and manifests in many areas.

   In particular, it is reflected in actions to relocalise production, support through the state, and attract investments.

   The purpose of this study is theoretical substantiation of the directions in forming a policy of technological sovereignty in the zones of advanced socio-economic development with the help of private and public capital.

   The following methods were used: comparative and logical analysis in studying of trends in the digital economy, synthesis and generalisation in determining the essence of technological sovereignty and formulating directions to improve these processes. The article gives reasons for the phenomenon being in fact an object of industrial policy, competition,innovative development, and geopolitical studies, which actualises the issue of its formation. Moreover, territories of advanced socio-economic development may become an effective mechanism in this case, as they have created favourable conditions to attract private and public capital. The research presents vectors of technological sovereignty establishment with consideration to the possibilities of a regional aspect (the mentioned territories) and an investment one (a combination of both types of capital).
Impact assessment of the introduction of COVID-19 quarantine restrictions on financial performance of small and medium enterprise sector of the Russian Federation
Authors: Bostanova P. I. , Ozdoeva Z. Kh.
Published: March 2024

The deterioration of the economic situation in the country is certainly reflected in the financial performance of small and medium enterprise sector (hereinafter referred to as SME sector). The article attempts to study the degree of impact of forced urgent measures introduced by state authorities to contain the spread of coronavirus infection on financial performance of the sector. The authors conducted an overview study of scientific publications written by leading professional analysts on the problems of the economic situation in the Russian entrepreneurial segment, as well as on the relevance and effectiveness of government measures to support small and medium-sized enterprises. The assessment of changes in the final performance indicators of each of the three SME sector elements (micro, small and medium enterprises) over the past three years is given. When studying the dynamics of the components of the balanced financial result, horizontal analysis was used, alongside with the method of absolute differences, calculation of growth rates, and index method. The made analysis revealed a sharp deterioration in financial performance during the most severe quarantine restrictions in 2020 and an improvement in the economic situation after their partial abolition in 2021. It was noted that the risk of mass bankruptcy of enterprises in the SME sector was compensated by large-scale state support. It was determined that the protective restrictions imposed to localise the epidemic have aggravated the existing problems of small and medium-sized businesses. The article shows that the main risks of the studied segment will persist in the near future. In this regard, it is necessary to improve the tools of state regulation of SME sector development with consideration to the accumulated experience of anti-crisis management.
Overcoming subjectivism in measuring the novelty of dissertation research as a problem of conventionality
Authors: Litvinenko A. N. , Lozina Yu. A.
Published: March 2024

The paper attempts to overcome subjectivism in the evaluation of dissertation research of the socio-humanitarian block, thus the positions of authors on this issue when measuring the identified scientific novelty are considered. The revealed contradictions that affect the subjective evaluation in the process of preparing and defending a dissertation are analysed. The author’s classification of novelty is proposed, having made possible to show its dependence on the amount of the studied sources. At present, the problem is not in determining the notion, but in determining what is already known. It is established that publication of “pure” and “local” author’s novelty contributes to its objective evaluation through procedures for protection of scientific works and defence of copyright. The current work substantiates the necessity to introduce a number of organisational and economic tools: video recording of the author’s speech at scientific conferences with the provisions to be defended for their comprehensive discussion; publication of draft conclusions on the dissertation of the Higher Attestation Commission’s expert council before its meeting; creation of an independent database of dissertation researches. It is concluded that the official publication of a scientific work as a civil-law me thod of its protection is an objective tool. It will help establish qualitative novelty in the dissertation and try to solve the problem of conventionality bet ween all interested subjects.
Problems of formation of socially mature students in the educational space
Authors: Zabrodina O. V.
Published: March 2024

The article studies peculiarities of the formation of socially mature students in the educational space. The following problems of this phenomenon may be mentioned: unplanned pregnancy, prematurity of a child, rejection of a child by one or two parents, aggravating heredity, postnatal disorders in physical or mental development, individual features of a child, negative impact of environment and people, lack of educational influence and social maladaptation, as well as other political, socio-economic, and ethnocultural specifics. In the research, attention is paid to procedural aspects of forming social maturity of students in the educational space. Besides, the article presents its model, main aspects of model creation and implementation are reflected. In addition, the author provides the purposes, objectives, factors, and psycho-pedagogical conditions of the considered occurrence. Some of the given factors of the research affecting a child in early preschool, school, and student age can prevent its favourable formation in any educational institution which happens in such a direction as the natural teaching and educational process. The specifics of the faculty are traced in disciplines and competencies that correspond to the characteristics of social maturity of students.
Deterministic grayscale nanotopography to engineer mobilities in strained MoS2 FETs
Authors: Liu Xia , Erbas Berke , Conde-Rubio Ana , Rivano Norma , Wang Zhenyu , Jang Jin , Bienz Siiri , Kumar Naresh , Sohier Thibault , Penedo Marcos , Banerjee Mitali , Fantner Georg , Zenobi Renato , Marzari Nicola , Kis Andras , Boero Giovanni , Brugger Juergen
Published: March 2024

Field-effect transistors (FETs) based on two-dimensional materials (2DMs) with atomically thin channels have emerged as a promising platform for beyond-silicon electronics. However, low carrier mobility in 2DM transistors driven by phonon scattering, remains a critical challenge. To address this issue, we propose the controlled introduction of localized biaxial tensile strain as an effective mean to inhibit electron-phonon scattering in 2DM. Strain is achieved by conformally adhering the 2DM via van-der-Waals forces to a dielectric layer previously nanoengineered with a gray-tone topography. Our results show that a monolayer MoS2 FETs under tensile strain achieves an 8-fold increase in on-state current reaching mobilities of 185 cm2/Vs at room temperature, in good agreement with theoretical calculations. The present work on nanotopographic grayscale surface engineering and the use of high-quality dielectric materials has the potential to find application in the nanofabrication of photonic and nanoelectronic devices.
Distinguishing Bulk Redox from Near-Surface Degradation in Lithium Nickel Oxide Cathodes
Authors: Weatherup Robert , An Lijin , Swallow Jack , Cong Peixi , Zhang Ruomu , Poletayev Andrey , Björklund Erik , Didwal Pravin , Fraser Michael , Jones Leanne , Phelan Conor , Ramesh Namrata , Harris Grant , Sahle Christoph , Ferrer Pilar , Grinter David , Bencok Peter , Hayama Shusaku , Islam M. Saiful , House Robert , Nellist Peter , Green Robert , Nicholls Rebecca
Published: March 2024

Ni-rich layered cathodes deliver high energy densities, but uncertainties remain about their charge compensation mechanisms and the degradation processes that limit their cycle life. Recent studies have identified trapped molecular O2 within LiNiO2 at high states of charge, as seen for Li-rich cathodes where excess capacity is associated with reversible O2−/O2 redox. Here we show that bulk redox in LiNiO2 occurs by Ni-O rehybridization, lowering the electron density on O sites, but without significant involvement of molecular O2. Trapped O2 is predominantly associated with surface degradation through contact with the electrolyte, and is accompanied by Ni reduction. O2 is removed on discharge, but an excess of Ni2+ remains forming a reduced surface layer that impedes Li transport. Our findings highlight the importance of separating bulk redox from near-surface degradation, and implicate the instability of delithiated LiNiO2 in contact with the electrolyte in surface degradation through O2 formation.
De Novo Design of Organic Structure-Directing Agents for Zeolites Using a General-Purpose Large Language Model
Authors: Ito Shusuke , Muraoka Koki , Nakayama Akira
Published: March 2024

Designing organic molecules lies at the heart of solving numerous chemistry-related challenges, necessitating effective collaboration between human intuition and computational power. This study demonstrates how general-purpose Large Language Models (LLMs) such as GPT-4 can facilitate the design of potent molecules, leveraging feedback from experiments and empirical knowledge through natural language. We used this approach to design organic structure-directing agents (OSDAs) that guide the crystallization of zeolites. A computational workflow was developed, wherein the LLM proposed a novel OSDA to stabilize targeted zeolites. The suggested candidate underwent evaluation through empirical screening criteria and atomistic simulation. Feedback was then provided to the LLM in natural language to refine subsequent proposals, thus progressively enhancing the proposed OSDAs and promoting the exploration of chemical space. The predicted candidates encompassed experimentally validated OSDAs, structurally analogous ones, and novel ones with superior affinity scores, underscoring the robust capability of the LLM. The collaborations between humans and machines, utilizing natural language as the communication interface, hold potential for application in other molecular design tasks, including drug design.
Konstruksi Masyarakat Mengenai "Jamu Corona" di Desa Sawotratap, Sidoarjo
Authors: Yusuf Muhammad Rafli
Published: March 2024

Pandemi Covid-19 telah berlangsung sekitar 2 tahun semenjak awal Maret tahun 2019. Virus yang berasal dari Wuhan China ini berhasil menginfeksi beberapa operasi di dunia. Virus ini dikatakan berasal dari hewan kelelawar yang banyak dikonsumsi oleh masyarakat sana namun masih banyak persepsi mengenai asal dari virus ini. Virus ini menyerang imunitas tubuh sehingga mengakibatkan gangguan pernafasan kehilangan indra penciuman atau disebut juga anosmia. Tak hanya gangguan pernapasan dan anosmia ini sangat ganas hingga mendapatkan berapa orang sampai dirawat di ICU untuk mendapatkan ventilator. Karena hal inilah tanya rumah sakit di dunia khususnya di Indonesia mengalami overload dikarenakan banyaknya pasien yang menderita penyakit ini. Berbagai macam obat diminum atau dicoba oleh masyarakat baik itu obat yang dari resep dokter obat tradisional yang dipercaya dapat menyembuhkan penyakit Covid-19 ini. Konstruksi masyarakat terhadap obat tradisional   inilah yang secara masif diterapkan oleh beberapa daerah di Indonesia. Salah satu obat tradisional yang terkenal di berbagai daerah yaitu "jamu Corona" yang terbuat dari berbagai campuran rempah rempah yang sangat khas di Indonesia.

  
Pengaruh Minat Belajar dan Resiliensi Matematis Terhadap Kemampuan Pemecahan Masalah Matematis Siswa
Authors: Maulina Via , Harun Lukman , Sutrisno Sutrisno
Published: March 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui apakah terdapat pengaruh minat belajar dan resiliensi matematis terhadap kemampuan pemecahan masalah matematis. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode penelitian kuantitatif dengan analisis regresi linier berganda.Subjek pada penelitian ini yaitu 291 siswa kelas VII SMP Negeri di Kecamatan Kebasen, Kabupaten Banyumas yang diambil menggunakan teknik simple random sampling. Metode pengumpulan data pada penelitian ini menggunakan skala dan tes. Teknik analisis instrumen yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah model rasch melalui software Winsteps dan analisis regresi linier berganda menggunakan software IBM SPSS Statistics 23. Hasil analisis model rasch dari ketiga instrumen menunjukkan bahwa ketiganya instrumen yang baik dan sesuai dengan syarat model rasch. Dari analisis regresi linier berganda menunjukkan bahwa: (1) terdapat pengaruh positif dan signifikan antara minat belajar terhadap kemampuan pemecahan masalah matematis; (2) terdapat pengaruh positif dan signifikan antara resiliensi matematis terhadap kemampuan pemecahan masalah matematis; and (3) terdapat pengaruh positif dan signifikan antara minat belajar dan resiliensi matematis terhadap kemampuan pemecahan masalah matematis.
Analisis Kemampuan Representasi Matematis Siswa Kelas X dalam Menyelesaikan Permasalahan SPLTV ditinjau dari Gaya Kognitif Siswa
Authors: Nurazizah Azmi , Ariyanto Lilik , Zuhri Muhammad Saifuddin
Published: March 2024

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mendeskripsikan kemampuan representasi matematis siswa dalam menyelesaikan permasalahan materi SPLTV ditinjau dari gaya kognitif Field Dependent (FD) dan Field Independent (FI). Jenis yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskripstif dengan pendekatan kualitatif. Waktu pelaksanaan penelitian pada semesteri genap tahun ajaran 2021/2022. Subjek yang diambil yaitu siswa kelas X MIPA 3 di SMA Negeri 1 Gubug yang dengan menggunakan teknik purposive sampling terpilih 2 siswa bergaya kognitif FD dan 2 siswa bergaya kognitif FI. Teknik pengumpulan yang digunakan adalah tes gaya kognitif GEFT (Group Embedded Figures Test), tes kemampuan representasi, dan wawancara. Teknik analisis data dilakukan dengan 3 tahapan, yaitu reduksi data, penyajian data, dan penarikan kesimpulan. Teknik pemeriksaan keabsahan data menggunakan triangulasi metode yaitu membandingkan hasil tes kemampuan representasi dan wawancara. Hasil penelitian ini adalah 1) kemampuan representasi siswa yang dimiliki subjek dengan gaya kognitif FD dalam menyelesaikan soal SPLTV yaitu hanya representasi visual, 2) kemampuan representasi siswa yang dimiliki subjek dengan gaya kognitif FI dalam menyelesaikan soal SPLTV memenuhi semua indikator yaitu representasi visual, simbolik, dan verbal.
Profil Kemampuan Berpikir Kritis Siswa Dalam Memecahkan Masalah Kontekstual Matematika Ditinjau Dari Kecerdasan Logis Matematis
Authors: Laksono Singgih Jati , Zuhri Muhammad Saifuddin , Ariyanto Lilik
Published: March 2024

Facione (2015) menyatakan bahwa berpikir kritis adalah suatu pemikiran yang memiliki tujuan untuk membuktikan suatu hal , menafsirkan arti sesuatu dan memecahkan suatu masalah. Tujuan dari berpikir kritis yaitu dapat mencapai pemahaman yang mendalam terhadap sesuatu. Kemampuan akan berpikir kritis adalah kemampuan untuk dapat menganalisis fakta, mencetus dan menata gagasan, mengemukakakan pendapat, membuat sebuah perbandingan, pemecahan suatu permasalahan dan menarik kesimpulan. Sedangkan tujuan dalam penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis kemampuan berpikir kritis siswa dalam memecahkan masalah kontekstual matematika berdasarkan tingkat kecerdasan logis matematis siswa. Jenis penelitian ini adalah deskriptif kualitatif. Subjek penelitian ini adalah enam siswa kelas VIII A SMP NEGERI 34 SEMARANG yang masing-masing memiliki kecerdasan logis matematis tinggi, sedang dan rendah. Metode penelitian dalam penelitian ini adalah instrument utama yaitu peneliti sendiri dan instrumen bantu yang digunakan adalah tes dan wawancara. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan tes tertulis dan wawancara. Teknik pemeriksaan keabsahan data menggunakan triangulasi metode yaitu dengan membandingkan hasil tes kemampuan berpikir kritis dengan hasil wawancara dan triangulasi sumber  untuk menggali sebuah kebenaran tentang suatu sumber informasi berita tertentu dapat dicari melalui berbagai metode dan sumber perolehan data. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan: (2) siswa yang memiliki kecerdasan logis matematis tinggi mampu memenuhi semua indikator kemampuan berpikir kritis, (2) siswa yang memiliki kecerdasan logis matematis sedang memenuhi empat indikator kemampuan berpikir kritis namun pada indikator inference dan self-regulation masih kurang memenuhi, dan (2) siswa yang memiliki kecerdasan logis matematis rendah hanya mampu memenuhi tiga indikator yaitu interpretation,analysis,evaluation.
Pengembangan Media Pembelajaran Android Berbantuan Adobe Flash Berbasis Discovery Learning untuk Meningkatkan Pemecahan Masalah Matematis Siswa
Authors: Dewi Nisrina Nofia , Kusumaningsih Widya , Murtianto Yanuar Hery
Published: March 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menghasilkan produk media pembelajaran android berbantuan adobe flash berbasis Discovery Learning dan mengetahui kelayakan pengembangan media pembelajaran matematika dengan menggunakan program aplikasi Adobe Flash, untuk mengetahui kemenarikan respon siswa terhadap pengembangan media pembelajaran matematika dengan menggunakan adobe flash pada materi  bentuk aljabar. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian pengembangan atau Research and Development (R&D) yang diadaptasi dari model pengembangan ADDIE yang meliputi 5 langkah-langkah, yaitu Analysis (Analisis), Design (Perancangan), Development (Pengembangan), Implementation (Implementasi), dan Evaluation (Evaluasi). Berdasarkan hasil validasi terhadap pengembangan media pembelajaran matematika dengan menggunakan program aplikasi adobe flash  validasi ahli media dengan presentase kelayakan 83,33% dan validasi ahli materi dengan presentase kelayakan 88,6% media tersebut dinyatakan layak. Media yang dikembangkan di uji cobakan kepada 30 peserta didik. Hasil penelitian ini yaitu media pembelajaran android menggunakan aplikasi adobe flash layak digunakan sebagai media pembelajaran. Keefektifan media terhadap hasil belajar diperoleh rata-rata nilai posttest hasil belajar peserta didik kelas eksperimen dengan rata-rata nilai sebesar 79,45% lebih baik daripada rata-rata nilai posttest hasil belajar kelas control dengan rata-rata nilai sebesar 70,29%.  Jika dilihat dari peningkatannya, hasil perhitungan 𝑁 − 𝐺𝑎𝑖𝑛 pada kelas eksperimen diperoleh 𝑁 − 𝐺𝑎𝑖𝑛 = 0,711, sehingga terdapat peningkatan yang termasuk dalam kategori sedang. Disimpulkan bahwa media pembelajaran android berbantuan Adobe Flash CS6 efektif terhadap hasil belajar peserta didik kelas VII SMP Negeri 24 Semarang pada materi bentuk aljabar.
Pengembangan Media Pembelajaran Berbantu Smart Apps Creator untuk Meningkatkan Kemampuan Berpikir Kritis Matematis Siswa
Authors: Hidayah Nurul , Utami Rizky Esti , Albab Irkham Ulil
Published: March 2024

Penelitian ini didasari oleh minimnya penggunan media pembelajaran dalam proses pembelajaran matematika oleh guru, sehingga siswa menjadi jenuh dan kurang memahami materi yang diajarkan. bertujuan untuk mengetahui kelayakan media pembelajaran berbantu SAC (Smart Apps Creator), mengetahui kepraktisan media pembelajaran berbantu SAC dan kemampuan berpikir kritis matematis siswa setelah menggunakan media pembelajaran berbantu SAC. Metode penelitian yang digunakan pada motode penelitian pengembanagan R&D (Research and Development) yaitu ADDIE (Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation and Evaluation). Penelitian ini dilakukan di kelas VIII SMP Negeri 9 Semarang dengan 32 siswa pada ujicoba terbatas dengan menggunakan instrument berupa lembar angket validasi ahli, angket respon guru dan siswa, dan soal pertanyaan sebanyak 4 butir soal. Hasil uji validasi oleh ahli media dan ahli materi memperoleh persentase 100% dan 98,26% yang termasuk kategori “Sangat Baik”. Hasil ujicoba kelompok kecil diperoleh persentase tanggapan siswa dan guru sebesar 97,99% dan 100% serta berdasarkan hasil observasi keterlaksanaan pembelajaran 100% yang termasuk kategori “Sangat Baik”. Kemampuan berpikir kritis matematis siswa setelah menggunakan media diperoleh hasil analisis dari ketuntasan hasil belajar diperoleh pada kelas eksperimen mencapai KKM adalah 90,63% dan uji t pihak kanan sebesar 1,72 maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa rerata kemampuan berpikir kritis matematis siswa kelas eksperimen lebih baik dari kelas kontrol.
Analisis Kemampuan Numerasi Siswa Kelas XI dalam Menyelesaikan soal AKM (Asesmen Kompetensi Minimum)
Authors: Putry Annisa Rigita , Muhtarom Muhtarom , Wulandari Dewi
Published: March 2024

Penelitian  ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan kemampuan numerasi siswa SMA kelas XI dalam menyelesaikan soal AKM (Asesmen Kompetensi Minimum). Penelitian ini dilakukan di SMA PGRI 1 Pati. Jenis penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif kualitatif. Subjek yang diambil adalah 5 siswa di kelas XI MIPA 1 SMA PGRI 1 Pati berdasarkan hasil tes kemampuan numerasi sesuai bentuk soal AKM yaitu kemampuan menyelesaikan bentuk soal pilihan ganda, pilihan ganda kompleks, menjodohkan, isian singkat dan uraian. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan yakni tes tertulis dan tes wawancara. Teknik analisis data dilakukan dengan 3 tahapan yakni reduksi data, penyajian data, serta penarikan kesimpulan. Teknik pengecekan keabsahan data yaitu menggunakan triangulasi Teknik. Berdasarkan hasil analisis diketahui bahwa  kelima subjek mampu menyelesaikan soal AKM (Asesmen Kompetensi Minimum) sesuai  bentuk soal AKM dan memenuhi indikator numerasi dengan baik
Analisis Literasi Matematis Ditinjau dari Gaya Belajar Siswa
Authors: Mahmudin Nanang Ali , Ariyanto Lilik , Nugroho Aryo Andri
Published: March 2024

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui literasi matematis pada materi SPLSV ditinjau dari gaya belajar siswa. Penelitian ini dilakukan di MTs Jenis penelitian ini merupakan Penelitian Deskriptif Kualitatif. Subjek Penelitian yang diambil adalah siswa kelas VII MTs tahun ajaran 2022/2023 yang berjumlah 3 siswa yaitu 1 siswa dengan gaya belajar visual, 1 siswa dengan gaya belajar auditorial, dan 1 siswa dengan gaya belajar kinestetik. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan oleh peneliti adalah tes tertulis, tes wawancara, dan angket(kuisioner). Teknik Analisis data yang digunakan adalah dengan reduksi data, penyajian data dan penarikan kesimpulan. Teknik Pengecekan Keabsahan Data yaitu menggunakan Triangulasi Waktu. Hasil Penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dalam kelas VII yang saya lakukan peneltian di sekolah MTs Darul Ulum Ngaliyan literasi matematis kategori gaya belajar visual dapat menjawab soal dengan benar dan memenuhi 3 indikator pada level 1. Untuk literasi matematis kategori gaya belajar auditorial dapat menjawab soal dengan benar dan memenuhi 3 indikator pada level 1, 4 indikator pada level 2 dan 2 indikator pada level 3. literasi matematis kategori gaya belajar kinestetik dapat menjawab soal dengan benar dan memenuhi 3 indikator pada level 1, 4 indikator pada level 2, 2 indikator pada level 3 dan 6 indikator pada level 4. Selain untuk mengetahui kemampuan literasi matematis, penelitian ini untuk mengetahui faktor yang mempengaruhi kemampuan lietrasi matematis siswa. Data diambil dari penyebaran angket/ kuisioner.
Profil Berfikir Kreatif Siswa dalam Menyelesaikan Soal HOTs Ditinjau dari Adversity Quotient Berdasarkan Gender
Authors: Maryanti Cicik , Kusumaningsih Widya , Endahwuri Dhian
Published: March 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui profil berfikir kreatif siswa dalam menyelesaikan soal HOTS ditinjau dari Adversity Quotient berdasarkan gender. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif kualitatif. Subjek penelitian ini dipilih berdasarkan tes angket Adversity Quotient yaitu 2 siswa laki-laki dengan jenis AQ climbers satu dan AQ campers satu, dan  2 siswa perempuan dengan jenis AQ climbers  satu dan  AQ campers satu. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di kelas VII D SMP N 2 Juwangi kabupaten Boyolali yang dipilih berdasarkan hasil tes angket. Instrumen yang digunakan dalam penelitian yaitu tes angket Adversity Quotient untuk menentukan subjek penelitian, Soal HOTS tertulis untuk memunculkan berfikir kreatif siswa, dan pedoman wawancara. Keabsahan data menggunakan triangulasi teknik yaitu melakukan pengecekan data yang telah diperoleh dari sumber yang sama menggunakan teknik yang berbeda. Hasil tes dan wawancara 1) siswa laki-laki dengan jenis AQ climbers memenuhi indikator berfikir kreatif yaitu lancar, luwes, orisinil, dan terperinci, sehingga memperoleh nilai 83. 2) siswa laki-laki dengan jenis AQ campers memenuhi indikator berfikir kreatif yaitu lancar, luwes, dan terperinci, sehingga memperoleh nilai 75. 3) siswa perempuan dengan jenis AQ climbers memenuhi indikator berfikir kreatif lancar, luwes, orisinil, dan terperinci, sehingga memperoleh nilai 100. 4) siswa perempuan dengan jenis AQ campers memenuhi indikator berfikir kreatif lancar, luwes, dan orisinil, sehingga memperoleh nilai 78.
Analisis Kemampuan Pemahaman Konsep Matematis dalam Menyelesaikan Soal Hots Materi Persamaan Garis Lurus Ditinjau dari Gaya Belajar Peserta Didik
Authors: Cisilia Rezza , Ariyanto Lilik , Setyawati Rina Dwi
Published: March 2024

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui deskripsi pemahaman konsep matematis peserta didik SMP kelas VIII ditinjau dari gaya belajar visual, auditori dan kinestetik dalam menyelesaikan soal HOTS persamaan garis lurus. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif kualitatif. Subjek dalam penelitian ini adalah peserta didik kelas VIII SMP Takhassus Al Qur’an Boja tahun pelajaran 2022/2023 yang berjumlah 21 orang. Dari kelas tersebut dipilih 6 peserta didik yang memiliki gaya belajar visual, auditori dan kinestetik. Metode pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah angket, tes tertulis, wawancara, triangulasi dan dokumentasi. Berdasarkan analisis data diperoleh hasil sebagai berikut, yaitu Peserta didik dengan gaya belajar visual mampu memahami konsep matematis menggunakan tujuh indikator namun hasil kurang tepat ada empat indaktor yang belum diselesaikan. Sedangkan Peserta didik gaya belajar auditori dan gaya belajar kinestetik mampu memahami konsep matematis menggunakan tujuh indikator dengan benar dan tepat. Sehingga kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah peserta didik dengan gaya belajar mampu memahami konsep matematis dengan tujuh indikator namun peserta didik dengan gaya belajar visual hasil yang diperoleh kurang tepat.