bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Bayesian Nonparametric Analysis of the 2003 Outbreak of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza in the Netherlands
Authors: Seymour Rowland G. , Kypraios Theodore , O’Neill Philip D. , Hagenaars Thomas J.
Published: August 2021

Infectious diseases on farms pose both public and animal health risks, so understanding how they spread between farms is crucial for developing disease control strategies to prevent future outbreaks. We develop novel Bayesian nonparametric methodology to fit spatial stochastic transmission models in which the infection rate between any two farms is a function that depends on the distance between them, but without assuming a specified parametric form. Making nonparametric inference in this context is challenging since the likelihood function of the observed data is intractable because the underlying transmission process is unobserved. We adopt a fully Bayesian approach by assigning a transformed Gaussian process prior distribution to the infection rate function, and then develop an efficient data augmentation Markov Chain Monte Carlo algorithm to perform Bayesian inference. We use the posterior predictive distribution to simulate the effect of different disease control methods and their economic impact. We analyse a large outbreak of avian influenza in the Netherlands and infer the between-farm infection rate, as well as the unknown infection status of farms which were pre-emptively culled. We use our results to analyse ring-culling strategies, and conclude that although effective, ring-culling has limited impact in high-density areas.
Bringing abolition in: Addressing carceral logics in social science research
Authors: Davies Elizabeth Jordie , Jackson Jenn M. , Streeter Shea
Published: August 2021

Objective

In this essay, we review and offer theoretical groundings and empirical approaches to the study of abolition.

Methods

We begin by demonstrating the ways police and prisons have been used to exploit and dominate marginalized people and argue that abolition offers a path to finding solutions to public safety and racial justice. We draw from black feminist and abolitionist political thought to show how abolition makes space to upend systems of power and domination and develop systems that address the root causes of violence.

Results

We assert that abolitionist research will not only focus on activists’ calls for dismantling the police but will also recognize and engage with activists’ proposals for reimagining public safety. We suggest that social scientists who study abolition, American uprisings, and policing must understand the differences between transformative changes based in abolitionist frameworks versus those that center mass incarceration as a societal given and, ultimately, further reproduce the status quo.

Conclusion

We conclude by suggesting that social scientists must question how researcher practices and universities uphold carceral logics and entrenched hierarchies, determining that abolitionist study will meaningfully engage with the distribution of power.
Full genomic sequence of the HLA‐DQB1*04:51 allele identified by next‐generation sequencing
Authors: Liacini Abdelhamid , Morris Thomas , AlZahrani Saber , Mathew Leena , Geier Steven
Published: August 2021

Full‐length sequence of HLA‐DQB1*04:51 covers the 5′‐untranslated region (UTR), all introns and exons and the 3′‐UTR.
Discovery of the novel HLA allele, HLA‐DRB1*15:123, in a hematopoietic stem cell donor from China
Authors: Li Jian‐Ping , Zhang Xu , Lin Feng‐Qiu , Li Xiao‐Feng
Published: August 2021

HLA‐DRB1*15:123 has one nucleotide change from HLA‐DRB1*15:01:01:01 where Threonine (90) is changed to Isoleucine.
O Cretáceo Inferior do Nordeste do Brasil
Authors: Brito Ignacio Machado
Published: August 2021

Le Crétacé inférieur, au Brésil, est bien connu dans les bassins sédimentaires du Nord-Est. II correspond à l'ensemble des dépôts détriques anté-Albien de la phase de taphrogénèse qui a précédé la séparation des plaques sud-américaine et africaine. Pour le moment la chronostratigraphie de ces dépôts est douteuse; aussi sont-ils subdivisés en étages locaux (Donjoaniano, Bahiano et Alagoano) conformément aux propositions de Brito et Campos (1982-1983). Actuellement des essais de correction avec l'échelle chronostratigraphique internationale sont en cours. Dans ce travail nous décrivons tous le étages du Crétacé inférieur de la colonne stratigraphique internationale et ceux de la colonne stratigraphique locale proposés pour les bassins de la côte atlantique du Brésil et de l'Afrique.
Linhas de Pesquisa
Authors: IGEO Anuario
Published: August 2021

Departamento de Geografia: O Estado e a Fronteira no Brasil
Teses de docentes
Authors: Galvão Maria Do Carmo C. , Coelho Maria Célia Nunes
Published: August 2021

Esta linha tem como objeto os processos de transformação e resistência do espaço agrário de ocupação consolidada, sob impacto da economia urgano-industrial, implicando em formas diferenciadas de organização da produção e interações com o meio ambiente. Os trabalhos têm sido centrados fundamentalmente no estado do Ro, mas incluem pesquisas em realização no Estado de São Paulo. Pesquisas em desenvolvimento: Transformações do espaço agrário na periferia metropolitana do Rio de Janeiro - os municípoios de Silva Jardim e Casimiro de Abreu; O Norte Fluminense - transformações e inércia de um espaço agrário tradicional; Uso da terra, meio ambiente e prática agrícolas: o Estado do Rio de Janeiro.
Programas de pós-graduação em geografia e geologia: teses defendidas
Authors: Castro Iná Elias de
Published: August 2021

A pesquisa se propõe identificar os alinhamentos ideológicos característicos do regionalismo político nordestino e suas articulações internas e externas, avaliando seu peso no sistema político nacional, especialmente sua influência no atual projeto democrático do país. Além disso, o enfoque político visa a possibilitar nova avaliação de questão regional no espaço brasileiro, objetivando analisar de que maneira as disparidades espaciais podem afetar um projeto político democrático.
Probabilistic focalization for shallow water localization
Authors: Meyer Florian , Gemba Kay L.
Published: August 2021

Localizing and tracking an underwater acoustic source is a key task for maritime situational awareness. This paper presents a sequential Bayesian estimation method for passive acoustic source localization in shallow water. The proposed probabilistic focalization approach associates detected directions of arrival (DOAs) to modeled DOAs and jointly estimates the time-varying source location. Embedded ray tracing makes it possible to incorporate environmental parameters that characterize the acoustic waveguide. Due to its statistical model, the proposed method can provide robustness in scenarios with severe environmental uncertainty. We demonstrate performance advantages compared to matched field processing using data collected during the SWellEx-96 experiment.
Individual differences in speech intelligibility at a cocktail party: A modeling perspective
Authors: Lavandier Mathieu , Mason Christine R. , Baltzell Lucas S. , Best Virginia
Published: August 2021

This study aimed at predicting individual differences in speech reception thresholds (SRTs) in the presence of symmetrically placed competing talkers for young listeners with sensorineural hearing loss. An existing binaural model incorporating the individual audiogram was revised to handle severe hearing losses by (a) taking as input the target speech level at SRT in a given condition and (b) introducing a floor in the model to limit extreme negative better-ear signal-to-noise ratios. The floor value was first set using SRTs measured with stationary and modulated noises. The model was then used to account for individual variations in SRTs found in two previously published data sets that used speech maskers. The model accounted well for the variation in SRTs across listeners with hearing loss, based solely on differences in audibility. When considering listeners with normal hearing, the model could predict the best SRTs, but not the poorer SRTs, suggesting that other factors limit performance when audibility (as measured with the audiogram) is not compromised.
Mechanism of Cross-Resistance to Fusion Inhibitors Conferred by the K394R Mutation in Respiratory Syncytial Virus Fusion Protein
Authors: Tang Wei , Li Yueyue , Song Qiaoyun , Wang Ziqin , Li Manmei , Zhang Qiwei , Wang Ying , Ye Wencai , Li Yaolan
Published: August 2021

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) causes serious respiratory tract disease in children and the elderly. Therapeutics against RSV infection are urgently needed.
Complete Genomes of Clade G6
Saccharibacteria
Suggest a Divergent Ecological Niche and Lifestyle
Authors: Baker Jonathon L.
Published: August 2021

Saccharibacteria
(formerly TM7) have reduced genomes and a small cell size and appear to have a parasitic lifestyle dependent on a bacterial host. Although there are at least 6 major clades of
Saccharibacteria
inhabiting the human oral cavity, complete genomes of oral
Saccharibacteria
were previously limited to the G1 clade. In this study, nanopore sequencing was used to obtain three complete genome sequences from clade G6. Phylogenetic analysis suggested the presence of at least 3 to 5 distinct species within G6, with two discrete taxa represented by the 3 complete genomes. G6
Saccharibacteria
were highly divergent from the more-well-studied clade G1 and had the smallest genomes and lowest GC content of all
Saccharibacteria
. Pangenome analysis showed that although 97% of shared pan-
Saccharibacteria
core genes and 89% of G1-specific core genes had putative functions, only 50% of the 244 G6-specific core genes had putative functions, highlighting the novelty of this group. Compared to G1, G6 harbored divergent metabolic pathways. G6 genomes lacked an F
1
F
o
ATPase, the pentose phosphate pathway, and several genes involved in nucleotide metabolism, which were all core genes for G1. G6 genomes were also unique compared to that of G1 in that they encoded
d
-lactate dehydrogenase, adenylate cyclase, limited glycerolipid metabolism, a homolog to a lipoarabinomannan biosynthesis enzyme, and the means to degrade starch. These differences at key metabolic steps suggest a distinct lifestyle and ecological niche for clade G6, possibly with alternative hosts and/or host dependencies, which would have significant ecological, evolutionary, and likely pathogenic implications.

IMPORTANCE
Saccharibacteria
are ultrasmall parasitic bacteria that are common members of the oral microbiota and have been increasingly linked to disease and inflammation. However, the lifestyle and impact on human health of
Saccharibacteria
remain poorly understood, especially for the clades with no complete genomes (G2 to G6) or cultured isolates (G2 and G4 to G6). Obtaining complete genomes is of particular importance for
Saccharibacteria
, because they lack many of the “essential” core genes used for determining draft genome completeness, and few references exist outside clade G1. In this study, complete genomes of 3 G6 strains, representing two candidate species, were obtained and analyzed. The G6 genomes were highly divergent from that of G1 and enigmatic, with 50% of the G6 core genes having no putative functions. The significant difference in encoded functional pathways is suggestive of a distinct lifestyle and ecological niche, probably with alternative hosts and/or host dependencies, which would have major implications in ecology, evolution, and pathogenesis.
Supplemental Material: Zircon (U-Th)/(He-Pb) double-dating constraints on the interplay between thrust deformation and foreland basin architecture, Sevier foreland basin, Utah
Authors: Pujols E.J. , Stockli D.F.
Published: August 2021

Table S1 contains sample locations and formation names. Tables S2 and S3 contain the isotopic data for all samples DZ U-Pb (Table S2) and DZHe ages (Table S3). Table S4a-b shows the K‐S test p and D values between all Book Cliffs DZ U‐Pb samples before and after excluding volcanic grains. Table S4c shows K‐S test p and D values between all the DZ U‐Pb age populations from the Book Cliffs (this study), Sevier fold-and-thrust belt, and proximal strata (Pujols et al., 2020).
Effects of local handwashing agents on microbial contamination of hands in the rural settings of northwest Ethiopia: protocol for a two-arm, clustered-randomised controlled trial
Authors: Gizaw Zemichael , Yalew Alemayehu Worku , Bitew Bikes Destaw , Lee Jiyoung , Bisesi Michael
Published: August 2021

Introduction

Hands play a part in the transmission of infections. Handwashing with soap sufficiently reduces the level of hand contamination and the spread of infections. As soap is not usually available due to cost, ash is often used as a zero-cost alternative to soap in the rural settings of developing countries. However, there is limited evidence on the effectiveness of ash to reduce microbial contamination of hands. This study is, therefore, designed to assess the effect of ash on microbial contamination of hands in the rural settings of northwest Ethiopia.

Methods and analysis

A two-arm clustered-randomised controlled trial will be employed. A total of 11 clusters per arm will be selected using simple random sampling technique. A total of 220 mothers or caregivers of under-5 children will be included in each arm. After providing health education on effective handwashing process, we will ask study subjects to do the usual activities. We will then take swab samples from the dominant hand before washing. After swabbing, participants will be asked to wash their hands with water only and with ash by following effective handwashing procedures. We will again take swab samples from the dominant hand after washing and drying. Finally, we will compare each intervention arm against the control. A generalised estimating equation (GEE) with robust SE estimation will be used to account the cluster nature of data.

Ethics and dissemination

Results will be published in peer-reviewed journal and presented at international conferences. The protocol is approved by the Institutional Review Board of the University of Gondar, Ethiopia.

Trial registration number

Pan African Clinical Trial Registry; PACTR202011855730652.
Comparing the reporting and conduct quality of exercise and pharmacological randomised controlled trials: a systematic review
Authors: Adams Scott C , McMillan Julia , Salline Kirsten , Lavery Jessica , Moskowitz Chaya S , Matsoukas Konstantina , Chen Maggie M Z , Santa Mina Daniel , Scott Jessica M , Jones Lee W
Published: August 2021

Objective

Evaluate the quality of exercise randomised controlled trial (RCT) reporting and conduct in clinical populations (ie, adults with or at risk of chronic conditions) and compare with matched pharmacological RCTs.

Design

Systematic review.

Data sources

Embase (Elsevier), PubMed (NLM) and CINAHL (EBSCO).

Study selection

RCTs of exercise in clinical populations with matching pharmacological RCTs published in leading clinical, medical and specialist journals with impact factors ≥15.

Review methods

Overall RCT quality was evaluated by two independent reviewers using three research reporting guidelines (ie, Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials (CONSORT; pharmacological RCTs)/CONSORT for non-pharmacological treatments; exercise RCTs), CONSORT-Harms, Template for Intervention Description and Replication) and two risk of bias assessment (research conduct) tools (ie, Cochrane Risk of Bias, Jadad Scale). We compared research reporting and conduct quality within exercise RCTs with matched pharmacological RCTs, and examined factors associated with quality in exercise and pharmacological RCTs, separately.

Findings

Forty-eight exercise RCTs (11 658 patients; median sample n=138) and 48 matched pharmacological RCTs were evaluated (18 501 patients; median sample n=160). RCTs were conducted primarily in cardiovascular medicine (43%) or oncology (31%). Overall quality score (composite of all research reporting and conduct quality scores; primary endpoint) for exercise RCTs was 58% (median score 46 of 80; IQR: 39–51) compared with 77% (53 of 68; IQR: 47–58) in the matched pharmacological RCTs (p≤0.001). Individual quality scores for trial reporting and conduct were lower in exercise RCTs compared with matched pharmacological RCTs (p≤0.03). Factors associated with higher overall quality scores for exercise RCTs were journal impact factor (≥25), sample size (≥152) and publication year (≥2013).

Conclusions and relevance

Research reporting and conduct quality within exercise RCTs is inferior to matched pharmacological RCTs. Suboptimal RCT reporting and conduct impact the fidelity, interpretation, and reproducibility of exercise trials and, ultimately, implementation of exercise in clinical populations.

PROSPERO registration number

CRD42018095033.
Psychosocial impact of COVID-19 pandemic on Malaysian families: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Zainudeen Zarina Thasneem , Abd Hamid Intan Juliana , Azizuddin Muhd Nur Akmal , Abu Bakar Firdaus Farhani , Sany Salina , Zolkepli Izzal Asnira , Mangantig Ernest
Published: August 2021

Objective

To investigate the psychosocial impact of COVID-19 on Malaysian families.

Design

A cross-sectional study performed using an anonymous online questionnaire distributed through social media, email and the Department of Social Welfare.

Setting

Malaysian families were invited to answer the questionnaires. The sampling was performed between 12 May 2020 and 9 June 2020.

Intervention

The psychological impact was assessed using the Impact of Event Scale-Revised (IES-R) and Children’s Revised Impact of Event Scale (CRIES). The mental health status was assessed using the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS) 21.

Main outcome measure

(1) Psychological impact on Malaysian families. (2) Prevalence of mental health status of Malaysian families during COVID-19 pandemic.

Result

A total of 409 Malaysian families have responded (409 parents and 348 children), 154 respondents (38%) reported high psychological impact (score 14) for psychological construct and 189 respondents (46%) reported high psychological impact (score 6) for behavioural construct. A significantly higher proportion of respondents with not permanent employment status of the family lead reported high psychological impact. The prevalence of anxiety reported from family respondents was 23%. Forty-five children answered the DASS-21 questionnaire; 28.5% reported anxiety, 31.4% reported depression and 13.3% reported stress. The job security status of the family lead was found to be the predictive factor for the mean total IES-R score (psychological construct) and ethnicity for mean total CRIES-8 and CRIES-13.

Conclusion

Rates of depression and anxiety during the COVID-19 pandemic were high. Findings suggest that urgent measures to ensure job security among Malaysian families are important to reduce the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on psychosocial and mental health outcomes.
Neodymium isotope mapping a polygenetic TTG batholith: failed back-arc rifting in the Central Metasedimentary Belt, southwestern Grenville Province
Authors: Strong Jacob W.D. , Dickin Alan P.
Published: August 2021

Fifty-five new Nd isotope analyses are presented for plutonic orthogneisses from the Grimsthorpe domain in the marble-rich segment of the Grenvillian Central Metasedimentary Belt (CMB) to test the back-arc aulacogen model for its origin. Nd isotope analyses from the Weslemkoon batholith, Elzevir batholith, Lingham Lake complex, and Canniff tonalite are used to probe the crustal formation age of their source rocks. Despite its concentric foliation, the Weslemkoon batholith displays a complex geochemical pattern consisting of several northeast-trending domains with older TDM ages, surrounded by juvenile crustal material. The new Nd isotope results, coupled with geochemistry for the Weslemkoon and Elzevir batholiths, depict the fragmentation of a block of old crust that formed a screen between en echelon segments of a mid-Mesoproterozoic back-arc rift zone. The isotope boundaries identified within the Weslemkoon batholith delineate magma pulses sampling two distinct sources, interpreted as Laurentian basement and juvenile basaltic underplate. Underplating could be attributed to slab rollback under the pre-Grenvillian continental margin arc. The intensification of rift-related magmatism in the CMB is demonstrated by its bimodal petrological character. A modern analogue for the tectonic context of the CMB is the Gulf of California, where subduction-related magmatism has transitioned to rift-related magmatism. However, the Gulf of California exhibits more transcurrent motion than is evidenced by the geometry of the CMB rift. A geometrical analogue for the break-up of the Elzevir block between two rift segments is provided by the Danakil block of the Red Sea, which is currently undergoing similar tectonic fragmentation.
Perturbative correction terms to electromagnetic self-force due to metric perturbation: astrophysical and cosmological implications
Authors: Sarkar Arnab , Ali Amna , Nasri Salah
Published: August 2021

We consider the equation of motion of a charged particle or a charged compact object in curved space-time, under the reaction of electromagnetic radiation and also consider a physical situation such that the charged particle or compact object emits gravitational radiation, thereby gravitational radiation reaction also acts on it. We investigate the effect of this metric perturbation i.e. the gravitational radiation on the electromagnetic self-force. We show that, besides the interaction terms derived by Zimmerman and Poisson (Phys Rev D 90:084030, 2014), additional perturbative terms are generated, which are linear in metric perturbation and are generated due to perturbation of the electromagnetic self-force by the metric perturbation. We discuss the conditions of significance of these perturbative terms and also the interaction terms with respect to the gravitational self-force in various astrophysical and cosmological cases; such as the motion of charged particles around black holes, some extreme mass-ratio inspirals (EMRIs) involving sufficiently accelerated motion of charged stars (specially neutron stars) or charged stellar mass black holes around supermassive black holes, and motion of charged particles around charged primordial black holes formed in the early Universe etc. We find that in some astrophysical and cosmological cases these perturbative terms can have significant effect in comparison with the gravitational radiation-reaction term.
Scalar curvature on some open 3-manifolds
Authors: Besson G.
Published: August 2021

This article is a survey of recent results about the existence of Riemannian metrics of positive scalar curvature on some open [Formula: see text]-manifolds. This results culminate in a rigidity theorem obtained using the theory of stable minimal surfaces.
CEPC and SppC Status — From the completion of CDR towards TDR
Authors: Gao Jie
Published: August 2021

In November 2018, CEPC CDR was announced and since then, CEPC accelerator entered TDR phase towards its planned completion at the end of 2022. In this paper, we give status review of CEPC optimization design, hardware TDR R&D progresses, CEPC-SppC compatibility relation, civil engineering design, site selection, CIPC and international collaborations, etc. CEPC plan is also presented.
Quantitative analysis of production of turbulent kinetic energy by using catastrophe method for the whole process of turbulence formation
Authors: Zhou Zhuo , Wu Jiu Hui , Liang Xiao
Published: August 2021

The whole process of turbulence formation was quantitatively studied by the catastrophe method. The change law of the production of turbulent kinetic energy and its spectral distribution with the transformation of wave number and time factor are mainly studied. In addition, the distribution and production of turbulent kinetic energy in Karman vortex street model are studied by numerical simulation. The results show that the production of turbulent kinetic energy first increases and then decreases with the time factor, and the spectrum at different wave numbers follows this trend. When the time factor [Formula: see text], the maximum value appears. In the Karman vortex street model, the simulation results are consistent with our derived values.
RISK AWARENESS TO EPIDEMIC INFORMATION AND SELF-RESTRICTED TRAVEL BEHAVIOR ON CONTAGION
Authors: XU WEN-JUAN , ZHONG CHEN-YANG , YE HUI-FEN , CHEN RONG-DA , QIU TIAN , REN FEI , ZHONG LI-XIN
Published: August 2021

By incorporating delayed epidemic information and self-restricted travel behavior into the SIS model, we have investigated the coupled effects of timely and accurate epidemic information and people’s sensitivity to the epidemic information on contagion. In the population with only local random movement, whether the epidemic information is delayed or not has no effect on the spread of the epidemic. People’s high sensitivity to the epidemic information leads to their risk aversion behavior and the spread of the epidemic is suppressed. In the population with only global person-to-person movement, timely and accurate epidemic information helps an individual cut off the connections with the infected in time and the epidemic is brought under control in no time. A delay in the epidemic information leads to an individual’s misjudgment of who has been infected and who has not, which in turn leads to rapid progress and a higher peak of the epidemic. In the population with coexistence of local and global movement, timely and accurate epidemic information and people’s high sensitivity to the epidemic information play an important role in curbing the epidemic. A theoretical analysis indicates that people’s misjudgment caused by the delayed epidemic information leads to a higher encounter probability between the susceptible and the infected and people’s self-restricted travel behavior helps reduce such an encounter probability. A functional relation between the ratio of infected individuals and the susceptible-infected encounter probability has been found.
Why is it so hard to lose fat? Because it has to get out through your nose! An exercise physiology laboratory on oxygen consumption, metabolism, and weight loss
Authors: Merritt Edward K.
Published: August 2021

Exercise is thought to be an effective means to quick weight loss. However, few people have realistic exercise-induced weight loss expectations. Fewer understand how weight is “lost” and where the lost mass goes. Understanding that fat is “burned” with inhaled oxygen and most of the mass lost must be exhaled as carbon dioxide might help individuals create realistic weight loss expectations. The purpose of this laboratory activity is to 1) provide students with a basic understanding of the role of oxygen in fuel metabolism during physical activity and its relationship to energy expenditure and mechanical work, and 2) engage students with collection of their own data to determine a realistic timeframe for exercise-induced weight loss. In the prelaboratory, questions such as, “When you lose weight, where does it go?” are asked. A guided discussion helps students understand the basic biochemistry required for weight loss. For the activity, students complete walking or running exercise, recording the time and distance. The relationship of exercise to physics’ concepts of mechanical work and energy utilization are discussed with the concept of “calorie burn” and its relationship to oxygen consumption. Students estimate oxygen consumed and calories burned during exercise using established metabolic equations. Finally, the amount of energy (i.e., calories) equivalent to 1 pound of fat is discussed. Students calculate how long he/she would have to exercise to burn 10 pounds (4.5 kg) of fat. A person of average size and fitness, needs 60+ h of exercise to burn 10 pounds of fat. Supplementary activities including a dramatic gummy bear oxidation and the use of a metabolic cart reinforces these concepts and validates the laboratory estimates.
The Relationship between Mining-Induced Stress and Coal Gas under an Optimized Support Scheme: A Case Study in the Guanyinshan Coal Mine, China
Authors: Zhang Tianjun , Wu Jiaokun , Chen Yong , Ding Hong , Ma Hongyu , Feng Renjun
Published: August 2021

Stress is one of the main factors influencing coal and gas outbursts. The apparent effects of the crustal stress, the structural stress, and the mining-induced stress increase as the depth of mining increases. At present, there have been few studies of the relationship between the comprehensive analyses of the crustal stress, mining-induced stress, and coal gas. The in situ measurement of the relationship between stress-related behaviors and coal gas under the influence of mining was conducted through experimental analysis of surrounding rock support and coal and gas outburst control and optimization of surrounding rock support materials and system construction. The results showed that the mining-induced stress first increased to a peak value, then gradually decreased, and tended to stabilize as the footage progresses. Stress appears at 96 m ahead due to mining; after 57 m of advancing, there is a large increase until it passes through this area. The stress in front of the working face increases linearly, and the increase range is obviously larger than that of the coal body in a certain range on both sides. The support anchoring force gradually decreased and tended to be stable after rapidly increasing to a maximum value. The deep displacement of the roof increased linearly and tended to be stable after reaching an accumulated displacement which can reach 16-28 mm. The residual gas pressure in front of mining operations decreased rapidly, and beyond 15 m on each side of the roadway, it decreased significantly. The residual gas pressure and gas content were consistent with the gas desorption index of drill cuttings due to the influences of gas predrainage and mining. The stress along the direction of the roadway and the residual gas content, the residual gas pressure, and the gas desorption index of drill cuttings conform to the logarithmic functional relationship. The research results provide a basis for the comprehensive prevention and control of coal and gas outbursts from multiple angles considering stress, coal, and gas.
Melatonin Supplementation and Anthropometric Indices: A Randomized Double‐Blind Controlled Clinical Trial
Authors: Mohammadi Salman , Rastmanesh Reza , Jahangir Farzaneh , Amiri Zohreh , Djafarian Kurosh , Mohsenpour Mohammad Ali , Hassanipour Soheil , Ghaffarian-Bahraman Ali
Published: August 2021

Obesity, as the most common metabolic disorder in the world, is characterized by excess body fat. This study is aimed at determining the effects of melatonin supplementation on body weight, nody mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), and body fat mass percentage (BFMP) in people with overweight or obesity. Thirty eight overweight or class‐I obese adult individuals were recruited in the study (8 men and 30 women). Participants prescribed a weight‐loss diet and then randomly were allocated to melatonin or placebo groups. Participants received either a 3‐milligram melatonin or placebo tablet per day for 12 weeks. In order to assess differences at the significance level of 0.05, repeated measure ANOVA and paired t‐test were used. According to the results, a significant reduction was found in participants’ body weight, WC, and BMI in both groups (p = 0.001). However, for the last six weeks, significant reductions of these parameters were observed only in the melatonin group (p = 0.01). The BFMP of participants in the melatonin group showed a significant reduction at the end of the study compared to the initial measurements (p = 0.008). Nevertheless, the results of the present study alone are not sufficient to conclude on the effects of melatonin consumption on anthropometric indices, and it seems that further studies are required in this regard.
Planar, Outerplanar, and Toroidal Graphs of the Generalized Zero-Divisor Graph of Commutative Rings
Authors: Alanazi Abdulaziz M. , Nazim Mohd , Ur Rehman Nadeem
Published: August 2021

Let

A

be a commutative ring with unity and let set of all zero divisors of

A

be denoted by

Z

A

. An ideal

ℐ

of the ring

A

is said to be essential if it has a nonzero intersection with every nonzero ideal of

A

. It is denoted by

ℐ

≤

e

A

. The generalized zero-divisor graph denoted by

Γ

g

A

is an undirected graph with vertex set

Z

A

∗

(set of all nonzero zero-divisors of

A

) and two distinct vertices

x

1

and

x

2

are adjacent if and only if

ann

x

1

+
ann

x

2

≤

e

A

. In this paper, first we characterized all the finite commutative rings

A

for which

Γ

g

A

is isomorphic to some well-known graphs. Then, we classify all the finite commutative rings

A

for which

Γ

g

A

is planar, outerplanar, or toroidal. Finally, we discuss about the domination number of

Γ

g

A

.
MedicalGuard: U-Net Model Robust against Adversarially Perturbed Images
Authors: Kwon Hyun
Published: August 2021

Deep neural networks perform well for image recognition, speech recognition, and pattern analysis. This type of neural network has also been used in the medical field, where it has displayed good performance in predicting or classifying patient diagnoses. An example is the U-Net model, which has demonstrated good performance in data segmentation, an important technology in the field of medical imaging. However, deep neural networks are vulnerable to adversarial examples. Adversarial examples are samples created by adding a small amount of noise to an original data sample in such a way that to human perception they appear to be normal data but they will be incorrectly classified by the classification model. Adversarial examples pose a significant threat in the medical field, as they can cause models to misidentify or misclassify patient diagnoses. In this paper, I propose an advanced adversarial training method to defend against such adversarial examples. An advantage of the proposed method is that it creates a wide variety of adversarial examples for use in training, which are generated by the fast gradient sign method (FGSM) for a range of epsilon values. A U-Net model trained on these diverse adversarial examples will be more robust to unknown adversarial examples. Experiments were conducted using the ISBI 2012 dataset, with TensorFlow as the machine learning library. According to the experimental results, the proposed method builds a model that demonstrates segmentation robustness against adversarial examples by reducing the pixel error between the original labels and the adversarial examples to an average of 1.45.
Hybrid Deep‐Learning and Machine‐Learning Models for Predicting COVID‐19
Authors: Qaid Talal S. , Mazaar Hussein , Al-Shamri Mohammad Yahya H. , Alqahtani Mohammed S. , Raweh Abeer A. , Alakwaa Wafaa
Published: August 2021

The COVID‐19 pandemic has had a significant impact on public life and health worldwide, putting the world’s healthcare systems at risk. The first step in stopping this outbreak is to detect the infection in its early stages, which will relieve the risk, control the outbreak’s spread, and restore full functionality to the world’s healthcare systems. Currently, PCR is the most prevalent diagnosis tool for COVID‐19. However, chest X‐ray images may play an essential role in detecting this disease, as they are successful for many other viral pneumonia diseases. Unfortunately, there are common features between COVID‐19 and other viral pneumonia, and hence manual differentiation between them seems to be a critical problem and needs the aid of artificial intelligence. This research employs deep‐ and transfer‐learning techniques to develop accurate, general, and robust models for detecting COVID‐19. The developed models utilize either convolutional neural networks or transfer‐learning models or hybridize them with powerful machine‐learning techniques to exploit their full potential. For experimentation, we applied the proposed models to two data sets: the COVID‐19 Radiography Database from Kaggle and a local data set from Asir Hospital, Abha, Saudi Arabia. The proposed models achieved promising results in detecting COVID‐19 cases and discriminating them from normal and other viral pneumonia with excellent accuracy. The hybrid models extracted features from the flatten layer or the first hidden layer of the neural network and then fed these features into a classification algorithm. This approach enhanced the results further to full accuracy for binary COVID‐19 classification and 97.8% for multiclass classification.
CD19 positive lymphoide Malignome: CAR-transduzierte natürliche Killerzellen nutzen
Authors: Bethge Wolfgang
Published: August 2021

Eine Phase I/II anti-CD19 CAR-NK-Studie Die gegen CD19 gerichtete autologe CAR-T-Zell-Therapie hat mit Zulassung der kommerziell verfügbaren Konstrukte Kymriah® und Yescarta® für ALL/DLBCL bzw. PMBCL/DLBCL Eingang in die klinische Routine gefunden. Allerdings sind diese Therapien mit einer komplexen Logistik verbunden und können auch teilweise nicht unerhebliche Nebenwirkungen wie das Cytokin Release Syndrom (CRS) oder Immune-Effector-Cell-associated-Neurotoxicity-Syndrome (ICANS) verursachen, so dass der Einsatz zertifizierten Therapiezentren vorbehalten ist. Auch Langzeitzytopenien sind relativ häufig. Außerdem ist die Logistik und Zeit, die zur individuellen Produktion von autologen CAR-T-Zellen notwendig ist, eine praktische und kostensteigernde Hürde. Dadurch erhält eine relevante Anzahl von Kandidaten für eine CAR-T-Zell-Therapie diese nie. Auch die Sammlung einer ausreichenden Anzahl vitaler autologer Lymphozyten kann bei ausgedehnt vorthera­pierten Patienten ein Problem darstellen. Einem sehr guten initialen Ansprechen steht ein noch etwas unbefriedigendes Langzeitansprechen bedingt durch eine relativ hohe Rezidivinzidenz nach 3–6 Monaten gegenüber. Dies ist insbesondere angesichts der hohen Therapiekosten von derzeit um 300 000 Euro/Patient noch unbefriedigend. Resistenzmechanismen sind insbesondere der Antigen-Verlust und fehlende Langzeit-CAR-T-Persistenz. Inzwischen werden verschiedene Strategien zur Verbesserung einer CAR-T-Zell-Therapie und insbesondere des Langzeittherapieansprechens durch die Kombination verschiedener Zielantigene, humanisierten CAR-T Konstrukten zur Verbesserung der Persistenz, und auch neue Effektorzellpopulationen geprüft. In ihrer Arbeit beschreiben Liu et al. nun einen sehr innovativen Ansatz zur Verbesserung einiger der oben genannten Probleme durch den Einsatz von off-the-shelf nicht HLA-gematchten anti-CD19 CAR-NK Zellen aus Nabelschnurblut von gesunden Spendern. NK Zellen als Teil des angeborenen («innate») Immunsystems können ohne der Notwendigkeit zu einer kompletten Übereinstimmung des HLA-Typs eingesetzt werden. Nach Transduktion mit einem chimären Antigen Rezeptor (CAR) wird so die Bevorratung und Kryokonservierung eines CAR-NK Produkts für den Einsatz ohne patientenindividuelle Herstellung möglich. Die Arbeitsgruppe hat über einen retroviralen Vektor einen CD19-CAR mit IL-15 kombiniert, um die autokrine Stimmulation zur Expansion und Persistenz der CAR-NK Zellen zu verbessern. Außerdem wird eine induzierbare Caspase-9 mit exprimiert, um auch bei toxischen Effekten ein Abschalten des Konstruktes in vivo zu ermöglichen. Nach erfolgreichen Tierversuchen in der Maus, beschreibt die Arbeitsgruppe nun eine erste Phase I/II Studie. https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03056339
A memória da ditadura militar e seu uso como estratégia de marketing na sociedade do espetáculo
Authors: Coelho Claudio Novaes Pinto
Published: August 2021

O objetivo do artigo é desenvolver reflexões que possam colaborar para a compreensão de algumas especificidades da sociedade brasileira, no que diz respeito à memória de um período marcado pela repressão estatal, e como se dá a atuação da mídia dentro desse processo. Em especial, pretende-se refletir, mediante uma abordagem histórica, sobre uma situação contemporânea, que é a utilização da memória da ditadura militar como estratégia de marketing pelo jornal Folha de S.Paulo. A base para o desenvolvimento do artigo sobre a questão da memória no período da ditadura é um diálogo com os textos de Huyssen e Sarlo. A respeito da sociedade brasileira, particularmente sobre as características da transição da ditadura militar para a “Nova República”, a principal referência é Florestan Fernandes e autores que dialogam com a sua concepção.
Memórias do futuro, utopias e heterotopias em territórios rurbanos: os sete povos do norte de Minas
Authors: Nunes Mônica Rebecca Ferrari , Bin Marco Antonio , Bacega Débora Regina
Published: August 2021

Este artigo é resultado parcial de projeto de pesquisa que investiga os códigos espaçotemporais para conceituar memórias do futuro. Apresentase o cotidiano de comunidades tradicionais do norte de Minas Gerais em suas produções culturais com o objetivo de compreender como se dá a interrelação memória-utopia-heterotopia nos espaços dessas comunidades e se, neste tecido, podemos afirmar que há criação de memórias do futuro. A metodologia se vale de pesquisa bibliográfica voltada aos campos das Ciências Sociais, da Comunicação e da Memória, assim como pesquisa documental sobre esses grupos. Espera-se demonstrar que utopias e heterotopias codificam a construção da memória do futuro que, neste contexto, pode ser interpretada como resistência.
Imagens da memória: a pandemia nas projeções urbanas
Authors: Falci Carlos Henrique Rezende
Published: August 2021

De que maneira as projeções urbanas podem ser pensadas como memórias sobre a pandemia da covid-19? O presente artigo gira em torno dessa questão, buscando investigar a noção de memória a partir de seus modos de existência enquanto registro de narrativas. Nesse sentido, o texto descreve as ações da rede de projecionistas/ coletivo Projetemos e traz uma análise do seu perfil no Instagram. Apresentamos uma breve investigação sobre a temática da vacinação no Brasil e como ela aparece nas projeções postadas no perfil do grupo. O que caracteriza esse arquivo da pandemia? De que maneira as memórias de diversos acontecimentos relacionados à pandemia existem no perfil @projetemos do Instagram?
Os nomes da violência contra as mulheres: das narrativas no jornalismo
Authors: Gomes Mayra Rodrigues
Published: August 2021

O presente artigo está inserido num conjunto de estudos e averiguações sobre o jornalismo informativo que temos desenvolvido com o intuito de apreender seu estatuto e a natureza dos discursos que ele mobiliza. A proposta de pesquisa foi motivada, no ano de sua apresentação em 2018, pelos altos índices de violência no Brasil. A pesquisa procura captar o espírito das narrativas jornalísticas nos relatos de casos de violência contra as mulheres, entender como o jornalismo está descrevendo esses casos de violência (se de forma a reforçar ou neutralizar estereótipos de natureza negativa) e apreender, em visão panorâmica, a situação da violência contra as mulheres, enquanto apresentada pela produção jornalística.
Denial and Pragmatism: Islam and the Danish State
Authors: Netterstrøm Kasper Ly
Published: August 2021

From halal food to the veil, this article analyses the relationship between Islam and the Danish state. It finds a coexistence of two modes of dealing with Islam: an official approach dominated by denial of the existence of Islam within Danish society and an unwillingness to recognise Muslim religious practices; and a pragmatic approach, mostly found at the local level, that focuses on finding practical solutions. This article argues that the official resistance to recognising Islam makes it comparatively harder for the Danish state to influence the country’s Muslim religious sphere.
Communication as Transmission and as Ritual: Dewey’s Account of Communication and Carey’s Cultural Approach
Authors: Midtgarden Torjus
Published: August 2021

James W. Carey saw a tension between two views of communication in John Dewey’s work: a transmission view which takes communication as transmission of messages for the control of distance and people, and a ritual view which conceives communication as constructing and maintaining a cultural world. This article shows how Dewey may be seen to apply both views in analysing two complementary aspects of communication. It points out how Dewey’s naturalistic perspectives on culture and meaning provide a basis for his analysis and have affinities with Carey’s cultural approach to communication. The article further considers Dewey’s analysis through Carey’s critical reminder that models of communication serve both as representations and as guidance for action. Finally, Dewey’s and Carey’s approaches are contrasted by focusing on their epistemological and ontological underpinnings.
Biclausal vs. monoclausal focus constructions in Tilapa Otomi
Authors: Palancar Enrique L.
Published: August 2021

This paper tackles issues that involve distinguishing clefts from other monoclausal focus constructions when describing the syntax of lesser-known languages. I concentrate on Tilapa Otomi, which is, morphologically speaking, the most conservative language of the Otomi family from Mexico (Oto-Pamean; Oto-Manguean). I propose that Tilapa Otomi has (at least) two specialized focus constructions: one that is a biclausal, and which I analyze as a cleft construction, and another that is monoclausal, and it is thus not a cleft but which could be superficially mistaken to be a cleft with a zero copula. I use various syntactic tests to distinguish both constructions, which mainly involve word order and negation.
New species of the pirate spider genus Mimetus Hentz, 1832 from China with a cladistic hypothesis on their phylogenetic placement (Araneae, Mimetidae)
Authors: LIU JINXIN , XU XIANG , HORMIGA GUSTAVO , YIN HAIQIANG
Published: August 2021

Five new species of mimetid spiders from China are described: Mimetus subulatus n. sp., M. clavatus n. sp., M. dentatus n. sp., M. niveosignatus n. sp. and M. uncatus n. sp. The phylogenetic placement of these new species is inferred based on a cladistic analysis of an expanded version of the morphological dataset of Benavides and Hormiga (2020). The new species form a clade that can be distinguished from other Mimetus species by the presence of a subtegular apophysis between paracymbium and subtegulum, pilose cuticular projections on the membranous part of the conductor in the male palp and by a bicameral structure of the spermathecae in females. The new species are part of a clade that includes Mimetus syllepsicus Hentz, 1832, the type species of the genus. The genus Mimetus as currently circumscribed is not monophyletic, as the clade that includes all the Mimetus species also includes the genera Australomimetus Heimer, 1986 and Anansi Benavides and Hormiga, 2017, corroborating the results of Benavides and Hormiga (2020).
First record of Seira dowlingi (Wray, 1953) (Collembola, Entomobryidae, Seirinae) from China and mitogenome comparison with the New World specimens
Authors: GODEIRO NERIVANIA NUNES , ZHANG FENG
Published: August 2021

Here, the first record of Seira dowlingi from Asia is reported and its newly generated mitogenome is compared with Neotropical specimens. Molecular analyses were performed based on low-coverage whole-genome sequencing and the complete mitogenome was assembled using NovoPlasty. Our results show that the Chinese specimens have the same color pattern, chaetotaxy, and almost identical mitogenomes, differing only on three nucleotides located in protein-coding genes. A maximum-likelihood phylogeny based on 13 mitochondrial genes was made and the specimens’ similarity was confirmed, as well as its phylogenetic position. Considering the large geographic distance between the American and the Asiatic populations, we believe that the presence of S. dowlingi in China is a result of anthropogenic introduction. The data generated here can be useful for further phylogeographic studies related to Seirinae subfamily or Collembola fauna in general.