bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Neurodegenerative Diseases due to Neurotoxins passing through the Nose-to-Brain Pathway
Authors: Reid William
Published: July 2023

Three neurodegenerative disorders- Alzheimer’s dementia (ALZ), Parkinson’s disease (PD) and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)- share a common feature in their pathogenesis: evidence of mitochondrial dysfunction and reactive oxygen stress. Their pathologic classifications are based on the findings at autopsy based on patterns of protein aggregates in neurons and glial cells. This pathology supports the concept that neurotoxins are a major factor in the etiology of these disorders. There is value in exploring the similarities in the pathogenesis of ALS, Parkinson Disease and Alzheimer Dementia based on non-genetic etiologies. The nose to olfactory pathway feeds sensory input from the nasal cavity to the olfactory bulb and the entorhinal lobe. Another component of these pathways involves two branches of the trigeminal nerve with sensory input to the pons and midbrain. A key factor is their capacity to bypass the blood-brain barrier (BBB). The protection of the brain by the BBB diminishes with age and can be lost with damage from insults as with viral infections. The olfactory nerve is the only cranial nerve with direct exposure to the ambient environment and has a high rate of turnover of sensory receptors. The nasal cavity is being studied for drug delivery and can be used to deliver medications into the central nervous system (CNS. The nose-to-brain pathway may represent a critical avenue of exposure to oxidative neurotoxins. Neurotoxic mycotoxins are a major risk to humans. Neurotoxins may be amplified by the nose-to-brain pathway. The pathology shows similarities to prion disease. These neurotoxins are highly fat-soluble and tend to accumulate in mitochondria and synaptic vesicles. Neurotoxins in synaptic vesicles can migrate from neuron to neuron. There is evidence of chronic fungal infections in ALS patients that secret neurotoxic and immunotoxic mycotoxins leading to progressive immune suppression. The nose-to-olfactory pathway may amplify neurotoxins levels in the brain. If Parkinson Disease and ALZ are due to systemic poisonings, the source of neurotoxins may be episodic and lead to autoimmune disease.
Are Health Technology Assessments Keeping Pace with Health Equity Priorities: A Review of Existing Approaches and Discussion of Emerging Practices
Authors: Garfield Susan , Armstrong Shannon , Nguyen Julie , Hildreth Christine , Wu Bianca , James Isabella , Babat Sylvie , Foley Malu
Published: July 2023

Health technology assessments are evaluation tools used by decision makers and governing bodies to evaluate the relative effectiveness, safety, and cost of new health technologies. Despite the significant access and reimbursement implications of the decisions informed by health technology assessments, health equity is not consistently included in these assessments. This review explores current health technology assessment approaches using global examples, examines how health technology assessments include health equity considerations, reviews how health equity is not optimally included in health technology assessments using a case study example, and discusses emerging practices to include more health equity related metrics using examples from sponsors and health technology assessment agencies. Results show that health technology assessments do not have a consistent, clearly defined measures of health equity impact or methods to include health equity-oriented measures in assessments. Additionally, most do not provide differentiated value assessments for health equity-oriented data or impact. However, innovators and health technology assessment organizations are presenting new approaches to evaluation. Some outside groups are advocating for change and investing in developing health equity checklists and frameworks for incorporation in health technology assessments. Moving forward, more research is needed to understand how to best incorporate heath equity-oriented measures into health technology assessments and how innovators can get more involved to inform both product development and evaluation efforts. If done well, health technology assessments can be developed to reward technologies and research programs that have a significant and measurable impact on delivering more equitable health outcomes.
Different Crop Rotations and Residue Levels as They Affect Corn Grain, Residue Production, and Nutrient Concentration
Authors: Hirzel Juan , Undurraga Pablo , Matus Iván , Michelow Pascal
Published: July 2023

The consumption of corn-based foods is a good alternative for human health due to their high content of proteins, essential amino acids and polyunsaturated fatty acids of the omega-3 family. The present study evaluated the effect of two medium-term canola (Brassica napus L.)-corn (Zea mays L.) and bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)-corn rotations with four residue incorporation rates (0%, 50%, 100% and 200% of the preceding crop) on corn grain yield, residue production, nutrient concentration and extraction after two rotation cycles in a volcanic soil of south-central Chile. Results indicated that grain yield ranged from 17.04 to 17.40 Mg ha -1 , and residue production ranged from 16.41 to 16.50 Mg ha -1 , being unaffected by the preceding crop. Residue incorporation rates had no effect on grain yield and residue production. The preceding crop affected the concentration and extraction of some nutrients in grain and residue. Residue rate affected the concentration and extraction of some nutrients in grain only. Ca distribution in corn grain was negatively affected by the preceding bean crop and increased residue incorporation rate. Nutrient concentration in grain ranged from 1.33 to 1.36% for N, 0.33% for P, 0.53 to 0.54% for K, 0.008 to 0.011% for Ca, 0.14% for Mg, and 0.087 to 0.092% for S. The ranking of total macronutrient extraction in the corn crop was K > N > Ca > P > Mg > S. The extraction means ranged from 320.0 to 325.8, 56.0 to 57.1, 364.7 to 373.7, 86.5 to 99.3, 39.4 to 42.4, and 22.6 to 23. 7 kg ha -1 , while grain nutrient partitioning coefficients ranged from 64.5 to 66.8, 90.1 to 90.9, 23.1 to 23.7, 1.3 to 2.0, 50.8 to 57.5, and 60.3 to 60.6 for N, P, K, Ca, Mg, and S, respectively. The use of bean as a previous crop allowed an increase in grain protein content (8.56 vs. 8.30%) with respect to the canola crop.
Influence of glycosylation on the development and treatment of neuroblastoma.
Authors: Campbell Robert
Published: July 2023

Neuroblastoma is a solid malignancy observed in pediatric patients that develops when neuroblasts are unable to mature, leading to unregulated proliferation and tumor formation. Neuroblastoma commonly manifests in the adrenal gland, but may also form in the neck, chest, or spinal cord. Neuroblastoma is heterogeneous and aggressive in nature, leading to high treatment failure, morbidity, and mortality rates. Lewis family glycans, as part of the Core 2 O- glycans, play a key role in neuroblastoma malignant cell behavior in MYCN-amplified cell lines. Current treatment approaches for neuroblastoma include chemotherapy, surgery, and radiation. These approaches are faced with physiological and cellular barriers, including the influence of glycosylation in cancer diseases. Studies have confirmed that the inhibition of mucin glycosylation has improved effectiveness of cytotoxic drug agents employed against solid malignancies such as with pancreatic cancer, yet little research is available regarding the influence of glycosylated proteins for other diseases. This article reviews the effect of glycosylation on the development and treatment of neuroblastoma.
Timing in Morphogenesis of the Developing Nervous System: Relation to Genetic Programming and Exogenous Teratogenesis
Authors: Sarnat Harvey
Published: July 2023

Timing is essential to morphogenesis of the embryonic and fetal nervous system and intricately associated with onset of expression of developmental genes. Mitotic cell cycles are timed. Teratogenic toxins and other adverse influences are teratogenic in the context of timing by interfering with developmental processes. Each of the 3 axes of the neural tube is associated with two opposing genetic gradients. Many neural malformations can be analyzed pathologically as interference with genetic gradients of one or more of the axes, even if the specific genetic mutation is not yet identified. Examples of cerebral malformations closely associated with defective timing are agenesis of forebrain commissures (anterior and hippocampal commissures form 3 weeks before corpus callosum), neuronogenesis and gliogenesis in disorders of the mTOR signaling pathway (time of expression of postmitotic somatic mutation in relation to the 33 mitotic cycles of neuroepithelium determines extent of lesion of focal cortical dysplasia II or hemimegalencephaly), prosencephalic cleavage and eversion (holoprosencephaly; telencephalic flexure for Sylvian fissure), neuromeric disorders of segmentation of the neural tube (deletion of neuromeres; Chiari I), maturation of individual neurons, synaptogenesis (precocious synaptic circuitry in holoprosencephaly; delayed synapse formation in many genetic/metabolic encephalopathies), myelination (delay in many congenital encephalopathies) and neural crest migrations including craniofacial development (facial dysmorphisms in many genetic syndromes and hypertelorism in some cases of callosal agenesis). Timing of relation of genes in cascade or inhibitory genes acting on others is a key element of normal and abnormal morphogenesis.
4 Origin Scenarios if a Nipah Virus outbreak occurs outside South/SE Asia
Authors: Lucey Daniel
Published: July 2023

Nipah virus is a bat-borne zoonotic RNA virus discovered in Malaysia during an 1998-1999 outbreak that involved pigs, fruit bats, and humans in Malaysia (1). Clinical manifestations are primarily encephalitis and pneumonia. The case fatality rate of symptomatic cases is 40%-70%. Survivors can have severe neurologic sequelae (2-5). There are no licensed vaccines, antiviral drugs, monoclonal antibodies, or point-of-care rapid diagnostic tests, although extensive work on vaccines and monoclonal antibodies is underway (6). Person-to-person transmission, including a small number of superspreading events, has occurred in Bangladesh and India (7-9). From 1998-2023 all reported outbreaks have been in either southeast (SE) Asia (Malaysia, Singapore, the Philippines), or south Asia (Bangladesh, India) (2, 7-10). It is likely that a future Nipah outbreak, and possibly widespread epidemic, will occur outside south/SE Asia, whether elsewhere in Asia such as China, or on another continent. When it does, then as with the COVID-19 pandemic, multiple questions will be raised regarding the origin of the epidemic. Each of the following four (4) main scenarios could be anticipated to account for the origin of such a geographically-unprecedented Nipah epidemic during analysis on Day 1 of the event by national and international organizations.
Anesthesiology, from the Magic Days to the Present Time: The Role of Anesthesiology in Modern Medicine
Authors: Mendonça Maria
Published: July 2023

Anesthesiology is nowadays an independent and multidisciplinary speciality of great demand and responsibility and plays a preponderant role in the human life, from the moment of birth. Anesthesiology has evolved since the earliest times to the present, along with the advances of science, intercepting most medical and surgical specialties, to the extent of being essential to us nowadays. From the days of magic to the present time, the history of the speciality deserves to be visited. This article of historical research provides a timeline review of the main themes and milestones of the specialty all over the world and particularly in Portugal, from ancient control of pain, the evolution of ressuscitation and critical care until the new technics and holistic care provided by modern Anesthesiology.
The Maladies of an Emperor; Some Curious Notes on Eighteenth Century Medicine in the Americas
Authors: Gonzalez-Fisher Ricardo , Colsman Eric
Published: July 2023

Background: Of all the women and men that participated in Mexico’s independence movement, no one has more historical documents and records written about himself than Agustín de Iturbide, who in 1821, in a dramatic turn of events, drafted a plan, the treaties, a flag, and a constitution; brought the key belligerents to the negotiating table; and opened the door for peace that would consummate Mexico as an independent nation. Objectives: To identify moments in which health and disease affected the path for Mexico’s Independence. Methods: Following the events that led to Mexico’s independence we reviewed primary sources to identify key moments in which disease affected history, and we describe the knowledge of these conditions in that particular period of time. Results: On contemporary literature about Agustin de Iturbide we identified the following medical conditions that could have an impact on history: difficult labor, epidemics, dysentery, arsenic intoxication, and facial palsy. We also discuss details of a failed execution by firing squad and the possibility of Iturbide being killed by coup de grâce. Conclusions: We identified a series of events in which disease and the practice of medicine of the 18th and 19th centuries could have impacted the history of the independence of Mexico.
Application of a β-mannanase enzyme in diets with a reduced net energy content in post-weaning piglets resulted in equal performance and an additional economic benefit
Authors: Vangroenweghe Frédéric , Goethals Sarah , Zele Delphine , Bruijn Anne
Published: July 2023

β-Mannans are strongly anti-nutritive polysaccharide fibers found in most vegetable feed ingredients. The estimated content of soluble β-mannans in common swine diets range from 0.15 to 0.40%. In vitro studies have demonstrated that as little as 0.05% soluble β-mannan content in feed can elicit a strong innate immune response. Hemicell HT (Elanco Animal Health) is a β-mannanase enzyme for animal feed that breaks down β-mannans, thereby preventing economic losses from the wasteful immune response to β-mannans. The present study aimed to compare pig performance on a control diet and a reformulated diet with a lower energy content – 45 kcal/kg NE reduction – and the inclusion of a β-mannanase enzyme. A six-week feeding trial was conducted on a commercial post-weaning facility with DanBred x Belgian Piétrain pigs starting at 21 days of age. Standard three-phase control diets were compared to reformulated diets with an energy reduction of 45 kcal NE/kg and inclusion of a β-mannanase enzyme (Hemicell HT; Elanco) at 300 g/tonne. Standard production data were collected. The data were analyzed using JMP 15.0 statistical program. Overall, performance data did not differ significantly between trial groups in both Phase 1 and Phase 2, and overall, during the entire post-weaning period. Mortality was only numerically, but not significantly higher in the Control as compared to the Hemicell HT group. Hemicell HT had an overall benefit of € 1.69 per piglet and € 15.18 per tonne of feed due to the 45 kcal/kg NE reduction. The current trial demonstrated that the inclusion of Hemicell HT in reformulated diets with a lower energy content (45 kcal NE/kg) was able to retain production performance in post-weaned piglets with an economic benefit.
Surgical Oncologists: An Endangered Species at the Time of De-Escalation
Authors: Salmon R. J.
Published: July 2023

At the same time, 4 times as many surgeons and 5.5 times as many anaesthetists would be needed to treat all these new cancers at a time when the number of new cancer surgeons is decreasing in Western countries. The attraction of cancer specialties is going less and less in a way that for instance the first choices of residents in France are mostly plastic and aesthetic surgery, dermatology and ophthalmology, no emergencies, week-ends free and high income. These are the dreams of our young colleagues!
Vitamin D Deficiency-Associated Comorbidities: A Protein Network Dynamics Perspective
Authors: Fliri Anton , Kajiji Shama
Published: July 2023

Vitamin D deficiency has been linked to numerous comorbid diseases. Despite this recognition, the effectiveness of vitamin D supplementation in improving clinical outcomes remains uncertain. To shed light on the underlying cause-effect relationships and molecular mechanisms involved, we analyzed effects of over 4000 diseases on information transfers between biological processes in human tissues. Spectral clustering of the data generated identified relationships between disease phenotypes and perturbations of protein network-network interactions mediating information transfers in tissues. Examination of these relationships discovered an integrated regulatory scheme involving interactions between 188 proteins responsive to vitamin D (vitamin D interactome). Functional analysis established a central role of fifteen proteins (core vitamin D interactome) in vitamin D pharmacology and their involvement in multiple reciprocal feedback loops. Identification of functions affected by this core regulatory framework provides new insights into relationships between vitamin D deficiency-associated comorbidities, epigenetic regulation of vitamin D pharmacology, and impact of mutations on disease. Recognition of these functional relationships suggests that vitamin D associated comorbidities may not be fully treatable by vitamin D supplementation alone. Further examination of consequences of perturbations of protein interactions within the core vitamin D interactome identified 590 morbidities exhibiting physical changes co-expressed in vitamin D deficiency. Further analysis revealed that these comorbidities can be differentiated based on cause-effect relationships defined by characteristic patterns of physical abnormalities and effects on protein network interactions. These findings demonstrate the utility of systems biology-based cause-effect analyses to unravel complex relationships involving multiple diseases and multiple biological processes; thereby providing a more comprehensive understanding of comorbidities and the impact of vitamin D deficiency on health. Article Details How to Cite
An isolated contraction of the Obliquus Capitis Inferior and Rectus Capitis Posterior Major demonstrated with Musculoskeletal Ultrasound Imaging
Authors: Sillevis Rob , Stockhausen David , Gerdts Nicole , Hansen Anne
Published: July 2023

Study design: A quasi-experimental study design Background: The motion of the suboccipital region is controlled by several groups of the smaller and larger muscle group, and these might play a role in the development of cervicogenic headache. Abnormal muscle tone can lead to abnormal movement patterns resulting in altered proprioceptive information from the mechanoreceptors in this region. Thus, abnormal muscle tone will contribute to cervical dysfunction and might result in pain, joint irritation, and poor functioning of the neck. At the same time , unilateral contraction of the suboccipital muscles could lead to rotation of the atlas. This could result in a significant translation of the spinal cord toward the side of rotation within the dural sack. This homolateral shift of the spinal cord could then lead to dural tension and possibly contribute to cervicogenic headaches. Methods: A convenience sample of 25 healthy subjects were recruited for this study. Musculoskeletal ultrasound imaging was used to measure the diameter of the Obliquus Capitis Inferior and the Rectus Capitis Posterior Major immediately following an isometric contraction into head extension and rotation. Outcomes: An isometric-induced contraction resulted in a significant change in the diameter of the obliquus capitis inferior and contralateral rectus capitis posterior major and, thus, could affect the position of atlas in the atlantoaxial joint. Discussion: The effect of an isometric-induced contraction of the obliquus capitis inferior and contralateral rectus capitis posterior major in a subgroup of asymptomatic individuals was measured using musculoskeletal ultrasound imaging. The results of this study indicate that the diameter of both muscles significantly changed with the isometric contraction. This study's findings support that suboccipital muscles can contract in isolation and, thus effect the position of atlas.
TATTOOS REVEAL THE MOST SECRET SELF HISTORY, EPIDEMIOLOGY, HEALTH RISKS AND COMPLICATIONS
Authors: Burtini Dino
Published: July 2023

In recent decades, there has been a progressive increase in the spread of tattooing practice considered, at present, a form of body art that involves both women and men and especially young people. The application of tattooing consists in the injection of colored inks into the dermis which, remaining for a relatively long period of time, implies long-term exposure to chemical compounds and their degradation products. Consequently, this practice can in fact involve the risk of developing numerous infectious and immune side effects.
Knockouts are Accompanied by an Immediate Loss of Muscle Tone
Authors: C Huang , K Garnett , M Moncure , K Dyer , S Young , R Huang
Published: July 2023

We analyzed videos of boxing matches and mixed-martial-arts fights. We observed an immediate and severe loss of muscle tone following a knockout. This impact-induced loss of muscle tone was typically transient, lasting seconds or less. This phenomenon involved muscles in the upper and lower limbs, and possibly axial muscles as well as the facial musculature. The observation is best described as an active person instantaneously transformed into an inanimate object, followed by a free fall in gravity accompanied by flaccidity or paralysis. Analyzing double-knockouts, we concluded that the observed impact-induced loss of muscle tone occurred within tens of milliseconds of a head hit. The speed, scope, and severity of the muscle tone loss are not consistent with a local loss-of-function mechanism. Because such loss of muscle tone closely resembles sudden attacks in cataplexy patients, we hypothesized that severe head impacts may directly involve brain centers that regulate rapid eye movement sleep. These brain centers may be part of an active mechanism to shut down the muscle tone quickly and globally. When muscle tone is low or absent, athletes are at elevated risk for further injuries in combat or contact sports. Athletes, athletic trainers, and referees in combat as well as contact sports should be vigilant and recognize signs of impact-induced loss of muscle tone in order to improve player safety and better protect these athletes.
Investigating the Effect of Cultural Intelligence and Emotional labor on Job Satisfaction (Case of Study: Mashhad University of Medical Sciences)
Authors: shagerdi amir , Hoshyar Vajiheh , Nejati Shahin , Behboodi Omid , Javaherifar Iman
Published: July 2023

Job satisfaction is a major factor involved in job success and can increase efficiency and personal satisfaction. Besides, job satisfaction is influenced by cultural intelligence (CQ) and emotional labor. Thus, the present descriptive-analytical study was conducted to investigate the effect of cultural intelligence and emotional labor on job satisfaction among the employees of Mashhad University of Medical Sciences. The current study was applied in terms of purpose and a descriptive survey in terms of data collection. The research population was all the official administrative staff of Mashhad University of Medical Sciences. A total number of 1,200 people comprised the research population among whom a sample of 291 was selected using Morgan's table. The data collection instrument was a standard questionnaire developed by Lem et al. (2022). To check the validity, confirmatory factor analysis was run, and the estimated values substantiated the validity of the instrument. The reliability of the instrument was confirmed via Cronbach's alpha. Finally, the data were analyzed through structural equation modeling in PLS. The findings showed that cognitive intelligence, metacognitive intelligence, motivational intelligence and behavioral intelligence significantly and positively affected the employees’ job satisfaction in Mashhad University of Medical Sciences. Moreover, expression of natural emotions and emotional labor showed to significantly and positively affect the employees’ job satisfaction. However, emotive dissonance significantly and negatively affected job satisfaction in Mashhad University of Medical Sciences.
Anger, Irritability, Aggression and Violence: States in search of a diagnostic and treatment ‘home’ Part I – Evolution
Authors: Anand Dr Sumit , Abbas Zargham
Published: July 2023

This paper is the first in a two-part editorial that reviews the current descriptions, relationships between, and etiologies informing, clinical terms such as ‘anger’, ‘irritability’, ‘aggression’ and ‘violence’ (AIAV), as well as the importance of their being properly conceptualized and treated. It draws from seminal academic papers across a range of disciplines including: psychiatry, psychology, sociology, neurobiology, neuroscience, medicine, anthropology, philosophy and politics. Given AIAV’s pervasiveness, as well as its concerning fiscal and psychosocial ramifications worldwide, this editorial highlights the importance to clinicians, researchers and governmental entities of properly understanding, classifying and treating this dire public health issue. While mental disorders may include AIAV, existing diagnostic categories remain unable to capture its pertinent contextual, neurobiological and cognitive components. This leaves clinicians bereft of a knowledge-base that is crucial to treatment. By striving for an overarching, interdisciplinary and ‘transdiagnostic’ paradigm that captures actual scenarios leading to AIAV, it advocates that ‘real-world’ issues (e.g. mass shootings, ‘road rage’, domestic, sexual, and workplace violence) be properly addressed with targeted interventions that have proven clinical utility, It also critiques the applicability of the current DSM ‘mental disorder’ model that dominates clinical practice, and upon which clinicians remain unduly reliant.
Role of GDF-15 as an Immunohistochemical Marker in Follicular Neoplasms and Lesions of Thyroid
Authors: Siddaraju Neelaiah , Perumal Prasanna , Saxena Sunil , Rajendiran Soundravally , Bhat Ramachandra
Published: July 2023

Introduction: A pre-therapeutic distinction between benign and malignant thyroid nodules is critical for deciding the therapeutic strategy, wherein fine-needle aspiration cytology plays a major role. However, there are grey-zone categories in the Bethesda system for reporting thyroid cytopathology, which is currently, the universally accepted pattern for reporting thyroid FNAC. Several immunomarkers studied in these ‘indeterminate’ lesions have proven to be of limited value. Recent molecular studies have shown the growth differentiation factor-15 (GDF-15) gene to be a promising marker in various malignancies; though, there is sparse literature regarding its use as a surrogate immunohistochemical marker, especially in thyroid neoplasms. The present (pilot) study explores its possible utility in the pre-therapeutic distinction of follicular-patterned lesions and neoplasms of the thyroid by testing it initially on histopathologic sections. Objective: To assess the utility of GDF-15 as an immunohistochemical marker in distinguishing common follicular-patterned thyroid neoplasms and lesions. Materials and Methods: GDF-15 immunohistochemistry was performed on 75 surgical specimens of thyroid lesions, comprising 19 adenomatous nodules or follicular hyperplasias, 10 nodular goitres, 17 follicular thyroid adenomas, 8 follicular thyroid carcinomas, 12 follicular variant of papillary thyroid carcinomas, and 9 conventional papillary thyroid carcinomas. All these cases were histologically proven, and their immunohistochemical interpretation was performed using the immunoreactive scoring system. Pearson’s analysis was performed for the immunohistochemical correlation among the study groups. Results: The findings were inconsistent; 16 follicular-patterned malignancies (5 follicular carcinomas and 11 cases of follicular variant of papillary carcinoma) and seven conventional papillary thyroid carcinomas revealed both cytoplasmic and membranous expression of GDF-15. All benign lesions were negative except one follicular adenoma and three follicular hyperplasias, which exhibited patchy or focal GDF-15 positivity. However, three follicular carcinomas, one follicular variant of papillary carcinoma, and two conventional papillary carcinomas were found to be GDF-15-negative. Conclusion: Though there is a literature backup supporting the use of GDF-15 gene analysis in differentiating various follicular-patterned neoplasms, the GDF-15 protein, as an immunohistochemical marker failed to distinguish not only between benign and malignant follicular-patterned neoplasms but also between follicular carcinoma and follicular variant of papillary carcinoma.
The Role of Nutritional Modulation of Immune Function in Cancer – What About It?
Authors: Barreira João , Barreira Pedro , Amaral Mariana , Mendes José , Ribeiro Catarina
Published: July 2023

In recent years there has been an increase in the number of new cases of cancer. Malnutrition in cancer patients is a consequence of the increase in inflammatory cytokines associated with cancer, metabolic alterations, and concomitant inadequate availability of nutrients, due to anorexia caused by the disease and systemic treatments. Nutrition can guide both the growth and progress of inflammatory disorders and their prevention and treatment. Irrevocably, it is indispensable to pair the diet with physical activity, balance nutritional status and prime a healthy lifestyle. An increased understanding of the instruments linked to nutrients and the immune system is a breathtaking and exceptional field for the future. The gut microbiota is now known as a fundamental factor disturbing the host´s anti-cancer immunosurveillance and capacity to respond to immunotherapy. Diet is one of the most powerful modulators of microbiota, and therefore nutritional intervention could be used to increase host anti-cancer immunity. A rising body of data has also highlighted that the gut microbiota may have a constructive impact on cancer prevention or treatment, particularly via improved host immunosurveillance of cancer as well as patients ‘capacity to respond to chemotherapy or immunotherapy. The sway of nutrition on the immune system is a territory that remains under investigation. Nutrition and immunity are closely related. An expanded understanding of the mechanisms connected to nutrients and the immune system is a breathtaking and gifted field for the future.
MIGnnovación: la oportunidad del sector privado y la sociedad civil ante el desafío migratorio en América Latina y el Caribe, Edición 2023
Authors: Buenadicha Sánchez César , Elías Alison , López Gross Juan Pablo , Muñoz Gómez Felipe , Franco Segura Cecilia , Fernández Xoán
Published: July 2023

¿Sabías que la migración impulsa el crecimiento y la capacidad de innovación de los países? América Latina y el Caribe enfrenta un fenómeno migratorio sin precedentes. De los casi 15 millones de migrantes en la región más de la mitad han dejado sus países en los últimos 5 años, debido a situaciones de inestabilidad política, social y económica, desastres naturales y el COVID-19. Desde el Laboratorio de Innovación (BID Lab) y la Unidad de Migración del BID creemos que este desafío demanda una participación más activa y novedosa del sector privado y la sociedad civil, que permita crear nuevas oportunidades al unir el crecimiento económico y social que genera la migración con la capacidad de innovación, creatividad y emprendimiento que caracteriza a estos sectores y a los migrantes. Este enfoque, que llamamos MIGnnovación, busca apoyar los esfuerzos del sector público, aprovechar el talento de las personas, las nuevas tecnologías y la construcción de alianzas para convertir esta realidad en una gran oportunidad de desarrollo inclusivo para nuestros países. Conoce en esta publicación datos, historias e iniciativas exitosas que demuestran el poder de la MIGnnovación para hacer frente al desafío migratorio, y así seguir en nuestra tarea de mejorar la vida de millones. Link a la edición 2021: https://publications.iadb.org/es/mignnovacion-la-oportunidad-del-sector-privado-y-la-sociedad-civil-ante-el-desafio-migratorio-en
Renaissance of lithium electrode
Authors:   A. N. Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry RAS, Kulova Tatiana L. , Skundin Alexander M. ,   A. N. Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry RAS
Published: July 2023

The publications of the recent 15 years devoted to using lithium metal in rechargeable batteries are analyzed and their short overview is presented.
Modernization of the flash point tester PE-TVZ for determining fire safety of electrolyte systems of energy-intensive batteries
Authors:   Ufa Institute of Chemistry, Ufa Federal Research Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Mishinkin Vadim Yu. , Kamalova Guzel B. ,   Ufa Institute of Chemistry, Ufa Federal Research Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Kuzmina Elena V. ,   Ufa Institute of Chemistry, Ufa Federal Research Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Kolosnitsyn Vladimir S. ,   Ufa Institute of Chemistry, Ufa Federal Research Center, Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: July 2023

The flash point tester PE-TVZ was modernized. The sample volume was reduced from 70 to 5 ml. Mixing of the condensed and gas-vapor phases was done simultaneously. The mercury thermometer was replaced by an electronic one. The correctness of the flash point measurement by the modernized device was tested on the samples with the flash point in the range of 25–170°C. The correlation coefficient between the measured flash points of the samples using the flash point tester PE-TVZ and the modernized one was 99.6%, the discrepancy between the measured values not exceeding 1°C. Modernization of the tester made it possible to reduce the amount of samples used by a factor of 14 while maintaining the accuracy of measuring the flash point.
Influence of gallium additives on the anodic behavior of the conductive aluminum alloy E-AlMgSi (aldrey) in NaCl electrolyte medium
Authors:   Tajik Technical University named after M. S. Osimi, Ganiev Izatullo N. , Aliev Firdavs A. ,   Dangara State University, Safarov Akhror M. ,   V. I. Nikitin Institute of Chemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Tajikistan, Abdulakov Aslam P. ,   Dangara State University
Published: July 2023

The work presents the results of the study of the anodic behavior of aluminum alloy E-AlMgSi (aldrey) with gallium, in the medium of 0.03; 0.3 и 3.0% NaCl electrolyte. The corrosion-electrochemical study of alloys was carried out using the potentiostatic method. It was shown that doping E-AlMgSi (aldrey) with gallium increased its corrosion resistance by 20%. The main electrochemical potentials of the alloys when doping with gallium are shifted to the positive range of values, and at the concentration of sodium chloride to the negative values of the ordinate axis.
The results of exploring the Lower Artinskian deposits of the western Caspian on the territory of the Volgogradskoe Zavolzhye area with high-resolution wide-azimuth seismic survey
Authors:   Branch of LLC LUKOIL-Engineering PermNIPIneft, Nikolaenko Sergey V. , Parshin Aleksey E. ,   Branch of LLC LUKOIL-Engineering PermNIPIneft, Mironenko Svetlana A. ,   Branch of LLC LUKOIL-Engineering PermNIPIneft, Gavrilov Gleb S. ,   Branch of LLC LUKOIL-Engineering PermNIPIneft, Ivankin Andrey V. ,   LLC RITEC
Published: July 2023

The articlesummarizes thecomprehensive analysis of the results of interpretation for the materials of the wide-azimuthseismicsurvey MOGT-3D for the purpose of a detailed study of the geological structure of one of the sites of the Volgogradskoe Zavolzhye area to identify and prepare for drilling oil and gas prospective objects.
Hydrothermally altered rocks – indicators of hydrocarbon unloading zones of the Krasnoleninsky arch (Western Siberia)
Authors:   Saratov State University, Richter Yakov A.
Published: July 2023

Our own research data as well as numerous publications of recent years on modern problems of oil potential in the West Siberian oil and gas province were used in this study. Based on the Palyanovskaya, Talinskaya and adjacent areas of the Krasnoleninsky arch, the issues of deposits structure and confinement to certain regional levels of the section, the problems of unconventional reservoirs formation in the zones of tectonic deformations and hydrothermal-metasomatic changes in pre-Jurassic basement rocks (Paleozoic granites), as well as problems of highly permeable “supercollector” (the lower horizons of the Jurassiccomplex – Sherkalinskaya formation) and an almost impermeable reservoir with difficult to recover huge hydrocarbon reserves (its upper horizons – Bazhenov formation) are discussed. The oil deposits distribution in the Jurassic part of the section was shown to comply with the fluid migration model with the participation of deep hydrocarbon fluid. New types of unconventional reservoirs have been identified in the basement granites and in the unloading zones in the Jurassic deposits of the sedimentary cover.
About the participation of university meteorologists in the Great Patriotic War and their fates
Authors:   Saratov State University, Lapina Serafima N. , Cherviakov Maksim Yu. ,   Saratov State University
Published: July 2023

The article is devoted to meteorologists – Saratov State University staff of the Faculty of Geography, who took part in the meteorological support of the front during the Great Patriotic War.
Assessing the continentality index of Western Siberia against the background of regional climate change
Authors:   Omsk State Pedagogical University (OmSPU), Ablova Irina M.
Published: July 2023

Quantitative assessment of the territory continentality is an urgent task, because in the conditions ofclimatechange, the index ofcontinentalitycan be taken into account when developing geographical forecasts of landscape development. The purpose of this study is to assess the change in the index of continentality of Western Siberia in the conditions of the current trend in climate development. The statistical series of observations on seven meteorological stations in Western Siberia served as the information base of the study. The long-term changes in the average January and average July temperatures, as well as the amount of precipitation for the cold (October-March) and warm (April-September) periods of the year were analyzed. Calculations for the time intervals of 1961–1990 and 1991–2015 allowed us to conclude that the climate continentality of Western Siberia is weakening under the conditions of regional climate development.
Evaluating the statistical significance of air temperature changes in the Northern hemisphere by statistical methods
Authors:   Saratov State University, Morozova Svetlana V. , Diyanova Ekaterina S. ,   Saratov State University, Diyanova Elisaveta S. ,   Saratov State University, Nikishova Valeria D. ,   Saratov State University, Kotova Yulia Yu. ,   Saratov State University, Popkova Ekaterina Yu. ,   Saratov State University
Published: July 2023

The analysis of changes in the near-surface air temperature of the Northern Hemisphere is given. To identify years in which there was a violation of the series homogeneity, the stepwise trend method was applied using Kolmogorov statistics. It is shown that the identified homogeneous climatic intervals basically correspond to the natural climatic periods of the state of the Earth’s climate system. The assessment of the significance of temperature changes in homogeneous climatic areas was carried out by the method of confidence intervals using Student’s t-test. Based on the confirmed statistical significance, the conclusion is made about the climatic significance of changes in the surface air temperature of the Northern Hemisphere.
Monitoring of annual variability of thunderstorm activity for climatic stations of Western Siberia
Authors:   Saratov State University, Pryakhina Sofya I. , Kotova Anna A. ,   Saratov State University
Published: July 2023

The article presents the study results of the annual variability of thunderstorm activity at nine climatic stations in Western Siberia over a fifty-year period from 1971 to 2020. The study revealed a complex quasi-periodic structure of thunderstorm activity series with the most pronounced amplitude of 7–8-year cycles for the forest-tundra and a 2–4-year cycle for the taiga zone, as well as forest-steppes. A synchronous course of increase and decrease periods in the frequency of thunderstorms for individual decades at the studied climatic stations in Western Siberia was revealed.
On the migration of oil pollution in the active layer and the possibility of their penetration into permafrost
Authors:   Northern (Arctic) Federal University named after M. V. Lomonosov, Gubaidulin Marsel G. , Turobova Tatyana A. ,   Northern (Arctic) Federal University named after M. V. Lomonosov
Published: July 2023

Based on the review of the published data, the article analyzes the study of the problem of oil pollution migration in the upper part of the geological environment in the conditions of the Far North, where the movement of oil pollution occurs mainly in the layer of seasonal freezing and thawing of the cryolithozone. The factors influencing the spreadability and transport of oil, including the focus on the processes of formation of possible migration routes into frozen rocks are considered. It was concluded that the processes of thawing and freezing of the active layer due to the displacement of oil from the freezing zone into the thawing zone have the biggest impact on the nature and distribution of oil pollution. The conclusion is made about the possibility of penetration of oil pollution from the contaminated active layer into the underlying permafrost.
Self-assessment of academic achievements in the examination situation and personality traits of students of the youth age period
Authors:   Udmurt State University, Baranov Aleksandr A. , Malakhova Olga N. ,   Udmurt State Agricultural University, Zhuchenko Olga A. ,   Izhevsk State Medical Academy of the Ministry of Health of Russia
Published: July 2023

The study presents the results of the correlation between students’ predictive competence and their personal characteristics. The relevance and novelty of the research results are attributed to the specification of the problematic issue connected with predictive competence. The latter is determined through the students’ subjective characteristics which are associated with self-assessment of academic achievements in the examination situation. The developed predictive competence is one of the acmeological invariants of professionalism and a resource that increases stress resistance. The aim of the research is to study the correlation between personality traits of students of the youth age period and the adequacy of their self-assessment of the academic achievements in a stressful examination situation. The study hypothesizes that personal characteristics of students determine the adequacy level of their self-assessment of the academic results and reduce the level of examination stress. The sample of the study comprises 287 first- and second-year students of the youth age period, majoring in natural sciences and socio-economic educational areas and specialties of Udmurt State Agrarian University (Izhevsk) (their average age is 18.5; 45% are girls, 55% are boys). The methods (tools) of the research are as follows: in order to fix the components of self-assessment of academic achievements and the level of mental tension of young people in the examination situation, the authors used the Dembo – Rubinstein technique (in the original modification); to determine the features of predictive skills, the “Anticipatory Consistency Test” developed by V. D. Mendelevich (ACT) was used; to measure the manifestations of anxiety as a personal quality that affects the stress level during examinations, the “The Taylor Manifest Anxiety Scale” was applied (adapted by T. A. Nemchin, V. G. Noskaridze), to measure the level of the control locus the “Rotter’s Locus of Control Scale” (adapted by E. F. Bazhin, E. A. Golynkina, A. M. Etkind) was used. The study results. Positive correlation between the locus of control and personal anxiety and negative correlation between the predictive competence and situational tension are characteristic of students with an adequate self-assessment of academic achievements. Developed predictive competence reduces the exam stress. The conclusion. Adequate self-assessment of academic achievements in a stressful situation contributes to the management of one’s own activities and to a better manifestation of competencies while performing intellectual tests. The obtained results are used to improve the personality-oriented program for the development of adequate self-assessment of academic achievements which serves as a stress resistance resource of students of the youth age period.
Exploiting the potential of artificial intelligence techniques in FLT
Authors:   Saratov State University, Maksimova Elena A. , Nikitina Galina А. ,   Saratov State University, Shilova Svetlana A. ,   Saratov State University
Published: July 2023

The relevance of using artificial intelligence (AI) techniques in education has increased significantly during the pandemic and the forced transition to distance learning technologies. It was during this period that there was a breakthrough in the development of digital educational resources based on AI, but methodological support for their effective use was not prepared. The mechanisms of leveling the risks associated with possible effects of AI on education have not been identified. The objective: to identify the risks and potential of AI techniques in their impact on the organization and outcome of the educational process. Research methods: theoretical analysis and qualitative description of practical examples of the exploiting AI techniques in foreign language teaching. The research is based on the general literature review related to the key concepts of the study: artificial intelligence, digital educational resources, foreign language teaching. The results: the most widely used AI techniques are mobile applications and platforms with educational courses; the use of highly intelligent products, such as smart classrooms, is not sufficiently developed; the risks of implementing AI methods are associated with the quality of technology, with the methodological proficiency of a teacher, and with individual learning strategies. The conclusions: at the current level of technology development, AI techniques are a supplementary educational component. It is advisable to involve teachers of particular subjects in the further improvement of these technologies. The practical significance of the results obtained is determined by the assessment of the AI technologies impact on the process of FLT and by the proposed methods of effective use of AI in teaching.