bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Epidermal Growth Factor Potentiates Migration of MDA-MB 231 Breast Cancer Cells by Increasing NaV1.5 Channel Expression
Authors: González-González Laura , González-Ramírez Ricardo , Flores Amira , Avelino-Cruz José E. , Felix Ricardo , Monjaraz Eduardo
Published: September 2019

Introduction: Breast cancer is one of the leading causes of death worldwide and is the result of dysregulation of various signaling pathways in mammary epithelial cells. The mortality rate in patients suffering from breast cancer is high because the tumor cells have a prominent invasive capacity towards the surrounding tissues. Previous studies carried out in tumor cell models show that voltage-gated ion channels may be important molecular actors that contribute to the migratory and invasive capacity of the tumor cells. Methods: In this study, by using an experimental strategy that combines cell and molecular biology assays with electrophysiological recording, we sought to determine whether the voltage-dependent sodium channel NaV1.5 regulates the migratory capacity of the human breast cancer cell line MDA-MB 231, when cells are maintained in the presence of epidermal growth factor (EGF), as an inductor of the epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Results: Our data show that EGF stimulates the migratory capacity of MDA-MB 231 cells, by regulating the functional expression of NaV1.5 channels. Consistent with this, the stimulatory actions of the growth factor were prevented by the use of tetrodotoxin, an Na+ channel selective blocker, as well as by resveratrol, an antioxidant that can also affect Na+ channel activity. Discussion: The understanding of molecular mechanisms, such as the EGF pathway in the progression of breast cancer is fundamental for the design of more effective therapeutic strategies for the disease.
Leukocyte-Endothelium Interaction in the Sublingual Microcirculation of Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting Patients
Authors: Uz Zühre , Aykut Güçlü , Massey Michael , Ince Yasin , Ergin Bülent , Shen Lucinda , Toraman Fevzi , van Gulik Thomas M. , Ince Can
Published: September 2019

Objective: The aim of this study was to apply an innovative methodology to incident dark-field (IDF) imaging in coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) patients for the identification and quantification of rolling leukocytes along the sublingual microcirculatory endothelium. Methods: This study was a post hoc analysis of a prospective study that evaluated the perioperative course of the sublingual microcirculation in CABG patients. Video images were captured using IDF imaging following the induction of anesthesia (T0) and cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) (T1) in 10 patients. Rolling leukocytes were identified and quantified using frame averaging, which is a technique that was developed for correctly identifying leukocytes. Results: The number of rolling leukocytes increased significantly from T0 (7.5 [6.4–9.1] leukocytes/capillary-postcapillary venule/4 s) to T1 (14.8 [13.2–15.5] leukocytes/capillary-postcapillary venule/4 s) (p < 0.0001). A significant increase in systemic leukocyte count was also detected from 7.4 ± 0.9 × 109/L (preoperative) to 12.4 ± 4.4 × 109/L (postoperative) (p < 0.01). Conclusion: The ability to directly visualize leukocyte-endothelium interaction using IDF imaging facilitates the diagnosis of a systemic inflammatory response after CPB via the identification of rolling leukocytes. Integration of the frame averaging algorithm into the software of handheld vital microscopes may enable the use of microcirculatory leukocyte count as a real-time parameter at the bedside.
Inter-Device Comparison of Blue-Light Autofluorescence in Optic Disc Drusen
Authors: Turski Christopher A. , Holz Frank G. , Brinkmann Christian K.
Published: September 2019

Purpose: Monochromatic blue-light fundus autofluorescence has proven to be particularly useful for the detection of optic disc drusen (ODD). The aim of this study was to investigate how accurately novel confocal scanners can detect ODD by means of color fundus and autofluorescence images. Methods: Images were taken in 20 consecutive patients’ eyes with funduscopically visible ODD using the TrueColor Eidon AF (60 × 55°) and the spectral domain Spectralis HRA+OCT (30 × 30°). The features of ODD, including localization, extent, and intensity patterns of autofluorescence were compared and correlated with retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness in OCT and perimetry findings. Results: Mean patient age was 46 ± 6 years (6 females, 4 males). The TrueColor Eidon AF enabled accurate localization and extent estimation of the drusen area. Drusen presented as a homogeneous signal. The predilection site of ODD, which was nasally pronounced in >80% of cases, was associated with thinning of the RNFL and corresponding visual field defects. Conclusion: The TrueColor Eidon AF allows reliable detection of superficial ODD in nondilated eyes. Extended observational studies are needed to determine the value of this noninvasive, nonmydriatic procedure in terms of follow-up and progression analyses of ODD.
Significance of Outdoor Time for Myopia Prevention: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Based on Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: Cao Kai , Wan Yue , Yusufu Mayinuer , Wang Ningli
Published: September 2019

Background: Myopia, especially high myopia, would cause damage in the choroid, retina and sclera, thereby leading to vision loss. Although refractive error correction can help improve visual acuity, the pathology of myopia, a global issue, remains unclear and myopia progression, as well as concomitant fundus progression, remains uncontrolled. Under such circumstances, prevention of myopia is of great significance and thus should be prioritized. Objective: To explore whether outdoor time has positive significance for myopia prevention. Search Methods: Databases of Pubmed, Science Direct, the Cochrane Library, the Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure and the Wanfang Database were searched. The following terms or their combinations were used: myopia, prevention, control, random, randomized, randomization, intervention, outdoor. The full search strategy was shown in the Appendix below. The databases were last searched on ­October 24, 2018. Selection Criteria: Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that participants accepted outdoor activity as an intervention measure for myopia prevention were included. Data Collection and Analysis: Two review authors independently extracted data and assessed the risk of bias for included studies. A fixed-effects model was applied, given that the heterogeneity among included studies was small. Main Results: Five RCTs with 3,014 subjects were included. Subjects’ age ranged from 6 to 12 years, and the follow-up duration ranged from 9 to 36 months. Spherical equivalent error (SER) of the outdoor group was larger than that of the control group, and the pooled mean difference (MD) was 0.15 (95% CI 0.06–0.23) diopter (D). The change in SER of the outdoor group was smaller than that of the control group, with a pooled MD of 0.17 (95% CI 0.16–0.18) D. New myopia cases in the outdoor group were fewer than that of the control group, and the pooled risk ratio was 0.76 (95% CI 0.67–0.87). The change in axial length of the outdoor group was smaller than that of the control group, and the pooled MD was –0.03 (95% CI –0.03 to –0.03) mm. For all analyzed outcomes, there was no heterogeneity across included studies (I2 = 0%) and there was no publication bias either. Conclusion: Outdoor time helps slow down the change of axial length and reduce the risk of myopia.
Insights – Future Implications of Passive Smartphone Sensing in the Therapeutic Context
Authors: Messner Eva-Maria , Sariyska Rayna , Mayer Benjamin , Montag Christian , Kannen Christopher , Schwerdtfeger Andreas , Baumeister Harald
Published: September 2019

Background: Due to the ubiquitous use of smartphones in daily life, they offer unique opportunities to study human behavior. This study sheds light on associations between self-reported stress, drive, and mood levels and smartphone usage behavior. Methods: A total of 157 students installed the Insights app on their personal smartphone and tracked smartphone usage behavior. Furthermore, students assessed self-reported levels of stress, drive, and mood for 8 weeks. Results: Three multilevel models were used to associate smartphone usage behavior and self-reported mood, drive, and stress levels. Results indicate a negative association of self-reported stress and number of SMS (–3.539, SE = 0.937) as well as a positive relation of stress and call duration (0.018, SE = 0.937). Mood was linked negatively with total usage time (–0.019, SE = 0.004) and call duration (–0.016, SE = 0.007). Moreover, drive was negatively associated with Facebook usage time (–0.127, SE = 0.041). Discussion: Overall smartphone usage behavior is negatively associated with measurements of well-being. Conclusion: Passive smartphone tracking could assist in the standardized assessment of behavioral data in real life in the future. Due to the risk of data misuse, ethical, legal, and clinical guidelines have to be developed.
Application of Recent International Epidemiological Guidelines to a Prospective Study of the Incidence of First Seizures, Newly-Diagnosed Epilepsy and Seizure Mimics in a Defined Geographic Region in Ireland
Authors: Maloney Eimer M. , Chaila Elijah , O’Reilly Éilis J. , Costello Daniel J.
Published: September 2019

Studies adherent to international guidelines and epilepsy classification are needed to accurately record the incidence of isolated seizures, epilepsy and seizure-mimics within a population. Because the diagnosis of epilepsy is largely made through clinical assessment by experienced physicians, seizures and epilepsy are susceptible to misdiagnosis. Previous epidemiological studies in epilepsy have not captured “seizure mimics”. We therefore sought to quantify the incidence of isolated seizures, epilepsy and seizure-mimics using the International League Against Epilepsy (ILAE) classification system. In this study multiple overlapping methods of case ascertainment were applied to a defined geographic region from January 1 to March 31, 2017 to identify all patients presenting with first seizures (provoked and unprovoked), new diagnoses of epilepsy and seizure mimics. Over a 3 month period, from a population of 542,869 adults and children, 442 potential presentations were identified, and 283 met the inclusion criteria. Radiology databases were the source of the largest number of individual cases (n = 153, 54%), while electroencephalogram (EEG) databases were the source of the highest number of unique-to-source cases (those not identified elsewhere, n = 60, 21%). No single case was picked up in every method of ascertainment. Among the 283 included presentations, 38 (13%) were classed as first provoked seizures, 27 (10%) as first unprovoked seizures, 95 (34%) as new diagnosis of epilepsy and 113 (40%) as seizure mimics. Ten (3%) presentations were indeterminate. We present and apply a rigorous study protocol for investigation of the incidence of first seizures, new diagnosis of epilepsy and seizure mimics in a geographically defined region which is adherent to recently published international guidelines for epidemiologic studies and epilepsy classification. We highlight the challenges in making a diagnosis of new-onset epilepsy in patients presenting with a first seizure using the current ILAE definition of epilepsy, when epilepsy can be diagnosed in situations where the treating physician anticipates the risk of further seizures exceeds 60%.
Clinical Adverse Events after Endoscopic Resection for Colorectal Lesions: A Meta-Analysis on the Antibiotic Prophylaxis
Authors: La Regina Davide , Mongelli Francesco , Fasoli Alberto , Lollo Gianluca , Ceppi Marcello , Saporito Andrea , Garofalo Fabio , Di Giuseppe Matteo , Ferrario di Tor Vajana Antonjacopo
Published: September 2019

Background: Post-polypectomy coagulation syndrome (PECS) is a well-known adverse event after endoscopic polypectomy for colorectal lesions. To date, there are no standardized guidelines for the antimicrobial prophylaxis. The aim of this meta-analysis is to evaluate the usefulness of antibiotics in patients undergoing endoscopic mucosal or submucosal resections. Methods: A comprehensive literature search of PubMed, MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Web of Science databases was carried out according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. Studies investigating the role of prophylactic antibiotic administration in reducing the PECS after endoscopic polypectomy were considered. The terms used to search were (“antimicrobial”OR”antibiotics”OR”prophylaxis”OR”prophylactic”) AND (“resection”OR”polypectomy”OR”dissection”) AND (“endoscopic”OR”mucosal”OR”submucosal”) AND (“colon”OR”colorectal”OR”colonic”OR”rectum”). Data of included studies were collected and analysed. Results: The literature search revealed 262 articles, 3 of whom were randomized trials and one was a retrospective study. Patients included were 850 (548 treated with antibiotics and 302 received no treatment). The overall incidence rate was 2.4 and 19.9% in treatment and control groups, respectively. The pooled analysis showed a reduction of 83% of postoperative events in the antibiotics group (relative risk 0.181; 95% CI 0.100–0.326, p < 0.001). Conclusions: In our meta-analysis, the antibiotic prophylaxis showed a positive effect in reducing the incidence of postoperative adverse events other than perforation and bleeding in patients treated with endoscopic mucosal resection and endoscopic submucosal dissection for colorectal lesions. Despite the low-level of evidence of this meta-analysis, the antibiotic prophylaxis should be taken into account. Further multicenter, large-sample, randomized controlled studies are needed to confirm our results and to evaluate whether specific subgroups of patients could actually benefit from an antibiotic prophylaxis.
Pili Torti as a Sign of Eyebrow Involvement in Frontal Fibrosing Alopecia
Authors: Ferrari Bruno , Vincenzi Colombina , Tosti Antonella
Published: September 2019

Frontal fibrosing alopecia (FFA) is a disease characterized by progressive band-like scarring alopecia involving the frontotemporal hairline and eyebrow hair loss. It affects mainly postmenopausal women. Trichoscopy features of FFA include absence of vellus hair, perifollicular erythema and scaling (peri­pilar casts), and absence of follicular openings. Trichoscopy of eyebrows in FFA patients shows tapered and broken hair, absence of follicular openings, black dots, and hair growing in different directions. We report a case of FFA with numerous pili torti in the eyebrows.
Clinical Guideline for Treating Acute Respiratory Insufficiency with Invasive Ventilation and Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation: Evidence-Based Recommendations for Choosing Modes and Setting Parameters of Mechanical Ventilation
Authors: Fichtner Falk , Moerer Onnen , Weber-Carstens Steffen , Nothacker Monika , Kaisers Udo , Laudi Sven ,   on behalf of the Guideline group
Published: September 2019

For patients with acute respiratory insufficiency, mechanical (“invasive”) ventilation is a fundamental therapeutic measure to ensure sufficient gas exchange. Despite decades of strong research efforts, central questions on mechanical ventilation therapy are still answered incompletely. Therefore, many different ventilation modes and settings have been used in daily clinical practice without scientifically sound bases. At the same time, implementation of the few evidence-based therapeutic concepts (e.g., “lung protective ventilation”) into clinical practice is still insufficient. The aim of our guideline project “Mechanical ventilation and extracorporeal gas exchange in acute respiratory insufficiency” was to develop an evidence-based decision aid for treating patients with and on mechanical ventilation. It covers the whole pathway of invasively ventilated patients (including indications of mechanical ventilation, ventilator settings, additional and rescue therapies, and liberation from mechanical ventilation). To assess the quality of scientific evidence and subsequently derive recommendations, we applied the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation method. For the first time, using this globally accepted methodological standard, our guideline contains recommendations on mechanical ventilation therapy not only for acute respiratory distress syndrome patients but also for all types of acute respiratory insufficiency. This review presents the two main chapters of the guideline on choosing the mode of mechanical ventilation and setting its parameters. The guideline group aimed that – by thorough implementation of the recommendations – critical care teams may further improve the quality of care for patients suffering from acute respiratory insufficiency. By identifying relevant gaps of scientific evidence, the guideline group intended to support the development of important research projects.
Emotional Well-Being Is Impaired in Hidradenitis Suppurativa Patients
Authors: Senthilnathan Aditi , Kolli Sree S. , Cardwell Leah A. , Richardson Irma M. , Feldman Steven R. , Pichardo Rita O.
Published: September 2019

Background: Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is a chronic inflammatory condition. Objective: To measure emotional well-being in HS patients and compare to other populations, assess if there is an effect of disease severity on emotional well-being, and determine if emotional well-being is correlated with quality of life and depression. Methods: A total of 153 HS subjects were recruited, and 66 Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS) surveys assessing emotional well-being were completed. Norms for comparison populations (disease-free undergraduates and adults) were used. A validated self-assessment tool was used to determine disease severity. Subjects completed the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) and Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI) to examine depression and quality of life, respectively. Results: HS subjects had lower positive affect than undergraduates and higher negative affect than adults. There were no differences in PANAS scores by Hurley stage (p > 0.05). PANAS scores for HS subjects correlated with worse quality of life (r = 0.66, p < 0.00001) and depression (r = 0.74, p < 0.00001). Conclusion: HS patients have poor emotional well-being. PANAS scores correlated with worse quality of life and depression. Providing appropriate resources and treatments may be beneficial for HS patients.
Prognostic Factors for Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma Treated with Neoadjuvant Docetaxel/Cisplatin/5-Fluorouracil Followed by Surgery
Authors: Sugimura Keijiro , Miyata Hiroshi , Shinno Naoki , Ushigome Hajime , Asukai Kei , Yanagimoto Yoshitomo , Hasegawa Shinnichiro , Takahashi Yusuke , Yamada Daisaku , Yamamoto Kazuyoshi , Nishimura Junichi , Motoori Masaaki , Wada Hiroshi , Takahashi Hidenori , Yasui Masayoshi , Omori Takeshi , Ohue Masayuki , Yano Masahiko
Published: September 2019

Background: Preoperative therapy followed by surgery has become the clinical standard for resectable advanced esophageal cancer. Several studies showed that neoadjuvant docetaxel/cisplatin/5-fluorouracil (DCF) resulted in a high response rate and prolonged relapse-free survival, but what constitutes appropriate additional therapy is unknown. Methods: A total of 101 consecutive patients with cStage I B-III esophageal cancer were treated with preoperative DCF between April 2011 and December 2015. After completing 2 cycles of DCF neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC), esophagectomy was performed. We investigated prognostic factors and recurrence patterns in patients with resectable esophageal cancer who underwent DCF NAC followed by surgery. Results: Univariate analysis showed that performance status (hazard ratio, HR 2.85; p = 0.033), clinical response (HR 2.16; p = 0.048), pT stage (HR 2.20; p = 0.047), pN stage (HR 5.83; p< 0.001), pathological curability (HR 5.64; p = 0.038), and histological grade (HR 1.92; p = 0.048) were significant factors. Multivariate prognostic analysis revealed that pN stage and pathological curability were significant prognostic factors (HR 11.20; p < 0.001, and HR 27.41; p = 0.007, respectively). In addition, based on the number of metastatic lymph nodes (LNs), the difference in overall survival was the largest between patients with ≤2 and ≥3 metastatic LNs (HR 5.83; p< 0.001). Distant metastatic recurrence increased significantly in patients with 3 or more pathologically confirmed metastatic LNs (p = 0.008). Conclusion: Distant recurrence occurred more frequently and prognosis was poorer in patients with 3 or more pathologically confirmed metastatic LNs; they might need additional systemic therapy.
Spicy Food Consumption and Risk of Uninvestigated Heartburn in Isfahani Adults
Authors: Rajaie Somayeh , Ebrahimpour-Koujan Soraiya , Hassanzadeh Keshteli Ammar , Esmaillzadeh Ahmad , Saneei Parvane , Daghaghzadeh Hamed , Feinle-Bisset Christine , Adibi Peyman
Published: September 2019

Background/Objective: Dietary recommendations for the consumption of spicy foods in uninvestigated heartburn are still under debate. We examine the association between spicy food consumption and the prevalence of uninvestigated heartburn in a large sample of Iranian adults. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted among 4,633 Iranian adults living in Isfahan (2,046 men, 2,587 women) in 2010. The average daily intake of spicy foods was estimated using a dietary habit questionnaire. Uninvestigated heartburn was defined, using a validated Rome III questionnaire, as the presence of heartburn sometimes, often or always during the last 3 months. Results: Uninvestigated heartburn was prevalent in 23.8% (n = 1,103) of participants. After controlling for potential confounders, including dietary behaviors and body mass index, men consuming spicy foods ≥10 times/week were 2.63 times more likely to have uninvestigated heartburn (95% CI:1.28–5.36) compared with those who never consumed spicy foods. Also, those men with the highest consumption of spicy foods were 3 times more likely to experience heartburn frequently (95% CI 1.44–6.39) compared with men with the lowest intake. No overall significant associations were found between the consumption of spicy foods and uninvestigated heartburn, including the frequency and severity of heartburn, in women. When the analysis was restricted to those with uninvestigated heartburn, no significant associations were found between consumption of spicy foods and frequency of heartburn either in men or women. Conclusion: The present findings suggest that high consumption of spicy foods was associated with a greater risk of uninvestigated heartburn in men, but not in women. Further studies, particularly of a prospective nature, are needed to confirm our findings, as well as underlying mechanisms.
The Accuracy of the Serum Antibody Test for Helicobacter pylori Infection among Junior High School Students
Authors: Kusano Chika , Gotoda Takuji , Ikehara Hisatomo , Suzuki Sho , Shibuya Hitoshi , Horii Toshiki , Arata Suguru , Dohmen Takahiro
Published: September 2019

Objective: Recently, screening for Helicobacter pylori infection has been performed among children in Japan as a prevention strategy for gastric cancer. However, the diagnostic accuracy of the serum antibody test, using the ELISA-kit, for screening in children has not been confirmed, and it is unknown whether the cutoff value used for adults is appropriate for children. The aim of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of the serum antibody test for H. pylori infection for the mass screening of junior high school students in Japan. Subjects and Methods: H. pylori infection testing and eradication therapy in junior high schools began in the 2015 fiscal year for students in Yurihonjo and Nikaho cities, located in the Akita prefecture. The data of 410 students who underwent both stool antigen tests (SATs) and serum antibody test, between 2016 and 2018, were used for analysis. Students who had positive results on the SATs test were diagnosed with H. pylori infection. Results: The rate of H. pylori infection was 3.7% (15/410). The optimal cutoff of serum antibody for children was identified to be 5.4 U/mL, with this cutoff having an area under the curve of 0.94 (95% CI 0.83–1.00), specificity of 99.5% (95% CI 98.2–99.9) and sensitivity of 93.3% (95% CI 68.1–99.8), which was wide because of the small sample size. Conclusion: The accuracy of the serum antibody test may be enough for practical use in children 13–14 years old
Differential Roles of Hypothalamic AVPV and Arcuate Kisspeptin Neurons in Estradiol Feedback Regulation of Female Reproduction
Authors: Wang Luhong , Moenter Suzanne M.
Published: September 2019

Mammalian reproductive function includes puberty onset and completion, reproductive cyclicity, steroidogenesis, gametogenesis, fertilization, pregnancy, and lactation; all are indispensable to perpetuate species. Reproductive cycles are critical for providing the hormonal milieu needed for follicular development and maturation of eggs, but cycles, in and of themselves, do not guarantee ovulation will occur. Here, we review the roles in female reproductive neuroendocrine function of two hypothalamic populations that produce the neuropeptide kisspeptin, demonstrating distinct roles in maintaining cycles and ovulation.
Apresentação
Authors: Bosi Viviana
Published: September 2019

Apresentação do Dossiê América Latina entre os anos 50 e 60 – Novos Olhares
Poesia para depois do fim do mundo: Nicanor Parra, a ditadura militar e a antipoesia do Apocalipse
Authors: Lopes João Gabriel Mostazo
Published: September 2019

Este artigo investiga a relação entre a obra antipoética do chileno Nicanor Parra (1914-2018) com a questão do fim do mundo, a partir da sua produção literária dos anos 1970-80. Passando pelos problemas enfrentados pela obra no período, discute-se sobre a relação entre a sua poesia e o momento histórico chileno da ditadura militar, a partir do golpe de 1973, chegando à transformação política de Parra nos anos 80 para aquilo que irá ser chamado de “ecopoesia”. O funeral do sujeito lírico, que já vinha sendo colocado em questão desde o início da antipoesia de Parra, nos anos 1950, ganha contornos dramáticos a partir das mudanças climáticas e ameaças nucleares que o final do século XX anuncia. Também a saída pelo sermão de pregação, como resposta ao golpe militar e à ameaça da catástrofe ecológica, representa um ponto de especial interesse na trajetória do autor.
Quarup: uma educação sentimental pelo povo
Authors: Nitschack Horst Rolf
Published: September 2019

A década de 1960 não é apenas um período de profundas transformações sociais, técnicas e culturais, mas mudanças decisivas se produzem também no âmbito dos afetos dos sujeitos, seja dos sujeitos coletivos, seja dos individuais. Ao mesmo tempo, esses novos afetos que se formaram, por sua vez, vão influenciar a transformação social e cultural. O romance Quarup corresponde, em sua estrutura fundamental, a um romance de formação, apesar de apresentar — conforme a nossa leitura — duas modificações básicas, as quais exatamente correspondem às circunstâncias da década de 1960: o processo de aprendizagem do protagonista não mais se orienta em valores e normas (burgueses) aparentemente objetivos, mas sim na relação afetiva do protagonista com o “povo”. Com isso, contudo, o seu processo de aprendizagem necessariamente se torna ao mesmo tempo em uma experiência de “deseducação”, levando-o ao afastamento e à libertação dos valores e das normas tradicionais. No entanto, o povo enquanto sujeito, no qual essa transformação afetiva busca se orientar, nesta década entra mesmo em uma crise que é encenada no filme Terra em transe, de Glauber Rocha, tendo sido muito discutida por Fernando Gabeira, Roberto Schwarz e Caetano Veloso.
Aspectos do tempo em Quatro-olhos, de Renato Pompeu
Authors: Vedovato Junior Carlos Moacir , Rabello Ivone Daré
Published: September 2019

O objetivo deste artigo é analisar aspectos do tempo no romance Quatro-Olhos (1976), de Renato Pompeu. Ao longo da trama, a personagem central busca rememorar sua história e seus projetos em oposição ao presente em que está inscrito, no momento em que está internado em um hospital psiquiátrico. Na tentativa delirante de rememoração, pode-se entrever o confronto entre um tempo pretérito em que havia horizontes de superação para os problemas da formação nacional brasileira e um tempo presente, da enunciação, em que as ações parecem não ter mais sentido.
Antonio Candido Leitor de Marcel Proust: ou o Realismo como Teoria Literária
Authors: Souza Ronaldo Tadeu
Published: September 2019

O presente artigo tem como objetivo interpretar a leitura empreendida por Antonio Candido daquele que para muitos foi seu escritor preferido, o francês Marcel Proust. Com o ensaio "Realidade e realismo" (via Proust) nosso crítico a partir do autor do Em busca do tempo perdido nos oferece uma modalidade sugestiva e singular de realismo enquanto teoria literária.
Escenas del debate cultural latinoamericano en los años sesenta: encuentros y revistas en la Cuba revolucionaria
Authors: De la Fuente Matías Alfredo Marambio
Published: September 2019

El artículo realiza un análisis y descripción de las dinámicas del debate en el campo de la cultura latinoamericana durante los años sesenta enfocándose en Cuba. El objetivo del ensayo es ofrecer algunas apreciaciones sobre la práctica de la discusión en su desarrollo histórico en medio de un contexto continental de alta politización y de transformación en las lógicas internas de las distintas esferas de la producción cultural. Bajo el impulso de radicalidad que emana desde la experiencia cubana, los intelectuales de América Latina se dieron cita en la isla al menos por dos vías: en el ámbito de la cultura impresa y de forma presencial. Tras hacer una caracterización del campo intelectual cubano post-revolucionario y sus cruces con la política, me concentro en las modalidades y temas de la controversia cultural a partir del análisis de la revista Casa de las Américas. Sostengo que en su experiencia editorial puede observarse un proceso de politización de la cultura que busca mantener un balance entre la participación dentro de la actividad revolucionaria y la utilización de códigos modernos para la creación estética.
La prosa semi-abstracta de Haroldo de Campos. Una aproximación a los textos tardíos de Galáxias
Authors: Manzi Cembrano Jorge
Published: September 2019

En la primera parte de este escrito presento una aproximación a Galáxias de Haroldo de Campos como un proyecto en prosa que explora nuevas posibilidades en un campo artístico paradojal, surgido en los años 60, que he denominado semi-abstracto. Sin renunciar a principios básicos del arte abstracto, esta nueva prosa se orientaría hacia la vida cotidiana retomando principios figurativos. En la segunda parte, trabajando dentro de este marco histórico-artístico, he analizado dos pasajes de Galáxias con el propósito de elaborar el sentido de crisis que los textos tardíos de esta obra pueden provocar.
Blood Pressure Variability and Progression of Clinical Alzheimer Disease
Authors: de Heus Rianne A.A. , Olde Rikkert Marcel G.M. , Tully Phillip J. , Lawlor Brian A. , Claassen Jurgen A.H.R. ,   for the NILVAD Study Group
Published: September 2019

Blood pressure variability (BPV) has been shown to have predictive value over blood pressure (BP) levels alone in stroke patients. We assessed whether BPV predicts cognitive and functional decline in Alzheimer disease, using data from a randomized trial (NILVAD [A European Multicentre Double-blind Placebo-controlled Phase III Trial of Nilvadipine in Mild to Moderate Alzheimer’s Disease]). Patients with mild-to-moderate Alzheimer disease were included if they had ≥3 office BP measurements available to determine visit-to-visit BPV. Day-to-day BPV was assessed using home BP measurements in a subsample. The variation independent of mean was used to calculate BPV. Outcomes were change in Alzheimer’s Disease Assessment Scale–cognitive subscale-12 and Disability Assessment for Dementia after 1 and 1.5 years. A total of 460 patients aged 72.1 (SD=8.1) years, with mean BP of 134.0/75.1 (10.9/6.3) mm Hg were included. After 1 year, patients in the highest quartile of BPV had deteriorated more on Alzheimer’s Disease Assessment Scale–cognitive subscale compared with patients in the lowest quartile (systolic: β, 2.24 [95% CI, 0.11–4.38],
P
=0.040; diastolic: β, 2.54 [95% CI, 0.33–4.75]
P
=0.024). This association was still present after 1.5 years (systolic: β, 2.86 [95% CI, 0.35–5.36],
P
=0.026; diastolic: β, 3.30 [95% CI, 0.67–5.93],
P
=0.014). There was no effect of visit-to-visit BPV on Disability Assessment for Dementia. Day-to-day BPV was available for 46 patients. Significant associations were observed between day-to-day BPV and deterioration on Alzheimer’s Disease Assessment Scale–cognitive subscale (systolic:
P
=0.036) and Disability Assessment for Dementia (systolic:
P
=0.020; diastolic:
P
=0.007) after 1 year, but not after 1.5 years. All associations were adjusted for potential confounders, including intervention group. In conclusion, this post hoc analysis indicates that higher visit-to-visit and day-to-day BPV might be associated with progression of Alzheimer disease. Targeting BPV may be a future target to slow decline in patients with Alzheimer disease.

Clinical Trial Registration

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
. Unique identifier: NCT02017340.
Editorial: Linking experimental and computational connectomics
Authors: Peyser Alexander , Diaz Pier Sandra , Klijn Wouter , Morrison Abigail , Triesch Jochen
Published: September 2019

Large-scale in silico experimentation depends on the generation of connectomes beyond available anatomical structure. We suggest that linking research across the fields of experimental connectomics, theoretical neuroscience, and high-performance computing can enable a new generation of models bridging the gap between biophysical detail and global function. This Focus Feature on ”Linking Experimental and Computational Connectomics” aims to bring together some examples from these domains as a step toward the development of more comprehensive generative models of multiscale connectomes.
The Transformative Potential of Indigenous-Driven Approaches to Implementing Free, Prior and Informed Consent: Lessons from Two Canadian Cases
Authors: Papillon Martin , Rodon Thierry
Published: September 2019

While it is increasingly recognised as a core element of the emerging international Indigenous rights regime, the implementation of the principle of free, prior and informed consent (fpic) remains contested. As the comparative literature shows, if and how fpic is implemented depend both on the institutional context and on the agency of actors involved. Faced with deep power asymmetries and strong institutional resistance to their understanding of fpic as a decision-making right, a number of Indigenous groups in Canada have taken advantage of the uncertain legal context to unilaterally operationalise fpic through the development of their own decision-making mechanisms. Building on two case studies, a mining policy adopted by the Cree Nation of James Bay and a community-driven impact assessment process established by the Squamish Nation, this article argues Indigenous-driven mechanisms can be powerful instruments to shape how fpic is defined and translated in practice.
Ethnic Diversity in the Recruitment of Diplomats: Why MFAs Take the Issue Seriously
Authors: Lequesne Christian , Castillo Gabriel , Holm Minda , Abdullah Walid Jumblatt , Leira Halvard , Tiwary Kamna , Wong Reuben
Published: September 2019

Diversity and its management have become an issue in all organisations. Ministries of foreign affairs (MFAs) do not escape the issue. In the 2000s, states decided to consider more ethnic diversity in the recruitment of their diplomats. In some countries, this new goal requires affirmative action programs. This article is based on three case studies. The first case study analyses two Western countries — France and Norway — where MFAs have to reflect the diversity of immigration in their societies. The second case study analyses the case of Brazil, a country where the legacy of slavery still causes discrimination in the recruitment of diplomats. The third case study analyses ethnic diversity in the MFAs of India and Singapore, which recognise multiculturalism or multiracialism. The study draws five comparative conclusions to generalise on why MFAs in the world cannot escape the challenge of ethnic diversity in their recruitment policy.
Paul, the Gift and Philippians
Authors: Willis Wendell L.
Published: September 2019

This paper employs a basic insight from John M. G. Barclay’s book, Paul and the Gift, that the word χάρις in first-century Greek very often referred to a gift, especially his “perfection” of the word as “conditional.” In Paul’s lifetime the common cultural expectation was that the recipient of a gift accepted that a return gift was normative and expected—whether physical or not. This understanding is thoroughly discussed in Seneca, De Beneficiis which describes how the obligation to reciprocity in giving and receiving is expected of all civil persons, apart from civic position and status. This is because the function of a gift is the building or maintaining of relationships. This purpose is shown to be the case also in Philippians with reference to the passage employing the lexeme (Phil 1:7, 29; 2:6-11) and in 4:10-20 where Paul discusses the gift he received from the Philippian church.
Review of the bee genus Homalictus Cockerell (Hymenoptera: Halictidae) from Fiji with description of nine new species
Authors: DOREY JAMES B. , SCHWARZ MICHAEL P. , STEVENS MARK I.
Published: September 2019

The genus Homalictus Cockerell has not been taxonomically reviewed in the Fijian archipelago for 40 years. Here we redescribe the four known species and describe nine new ones, bringing the number of endemic Homalictus in Fiji to 13 species. We provide identifications keys to all species. Most of the species diversity (11 species) have their distributions over 800 m asl (meters above sea level; highlands), and with only two species under 800 m asl (lowlands). We highlight the vulnerability of the highland-restricted species to a warming climate, and document the potential extinction of one highland species. The new species described here are H. atritergus sp. nov., H. concavus sp. nov., H. groomi sp. nov., H. kaicolo sp. nov., H. nadarivatu sp. nov., H. ostridorsum sp. nov., H. taveuni sp. nov. H. terminalis sp. nov. and H. tuiwawae sp. nov.. [Zoobank URL: urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:71318BEC-40CD-470F-A1E7-0E1FD18A6459]
Observed and Simulated Precipitation over Northeastern North America: How Do Daily and Subdaily Extremes Scale in Space and Time?
Authors: Innocenti Silvia , Mailhot Alain , Frigon Anne , Cannon Alex J. , Leduc Martin
Published: September 2019

The characterization of extreme precipitation at fine spatiotemporal scale represents a paramount challenge in hydroclimate sciences due to large uncertainties affecting the precipitation estimation from existing datasets. Comparing the spatiotemporal structure of precipitation extremes estimated from different datasets thus represents an essential step for climate model evaluation, as it provides insight into a model’s ability to simulate atmospheric processes occurring at different scales. This study compares the probability distributions and the annual and diurnal cycles of occurrence of daily and subdaily precipitation annual maxima (AM) estimated over northeastern North America from five observed and simulated datasets: meteorological station series, the bias-corrected (CRT) satellite CMORPH, version 1.0, and the Multi-Source Weighted-Ensemble Precipitation (MSWEP), version 2, gridded datasets, various Canadian RCM, version 5 (CRCM5), simulations, and a 13-yr convection-permitting WRF, version 3.4.1, simulation. ERA-Interim-driven CRCM5 and WRF simulations well reproduced subdaily extreme quantiles and the AM annual and diurnal cycles observed at stations, while CMORPH and MSWEP displayed good performance only for daily and longer extreme statistics. The spatiotemporal statistical structure of precipitation extremes is then assessed considering the variation of AM quantiles across various spatial scales and durations. The results suggest that a two-parameter analytical relationship well describes the AM spatiotemporal structure at the regional scale, allowing us to approximate some crucial properties of point precipitation extremes from gridded datasets. Averaging the estimates from various members of the initial-condition CRCM5 Large Ensemble (CRCM5-LE) also made it possible to reduce the sampling errors and robustly estimate the AM spatiotemporal structure at the local scale of each model grid box.
Monopsony Power and Guest Worker Programs
Authors: Gibbons Eric M. , Greenman Allie , Norlander Peter , Sørensen Todd
Published: September 2019

Guest workers on visas in the United States may be unable to quit bad employers due to barriers to mobility and a lack of labor market competition. Using H-1B, H-2A, and H-2B program data, we calculate the concentration of employers in geographically defined labor markets within occupations. We find that many guest workers face moderately or highly concentrated labor markets, based on federal merger scrutiny guidelines, and that concentration generally decreases wages. For example, moving from a market with a Herfindahl-Hirschman Index of zero to a market comprised of two employers lowers H-1B worker wages approximately 10%, and a pure monopsony (one employer) reduces wages by 13%. A simulation shows that wages under pure monopsony could be 47% lower, suggesting that employers do not use the full extent of their monopsony power. Enforcing wage regulations and decreasing barriers to mobility may better address issues of exploitation than antitrust scrutiny alone.
Assessing the Association Between Maternal Education and Access to Pediatric Specialty Care
Authors: Sanville Julie , Gjelsvik Annie , Vivier Patrick
Published: September 2019

Background. Timely access to pediatric specialty care continues to be a pervasive issue. We aimed to identify factors associated with unmet pediatric specialty care needs by assessing the association with maternal level of education. Methods. A sample was extracted from the 2011-2012 National Survey of Children’s Health, which identified a subset of patients with unmet specialty care needs. Logistic regression models determined the strength of association between our sample and maternal level of education. Results. An estimated 12.5% of US children had unmet specialty care needs. Independent of confounding variables, children with mothers educated at a level of high school or less were 41% more likely to have unmet specialty care needs compared to those with mothers who were educated at a level greater than high school. Conclusions. Maternal level of education can be used as a risk factor to assess whether a child will have unmet specialty care needs.
The Devil Is in the Details: Attorney Effects on Employment Arbitration Outcomes
Authors: Lamare J. Ryan
Published: September 2019

Conventional wisdom holds that hiring an attorney will improve outcomes for non-union employees who take individual rights complaints to arbitration. The limited empirical scholarship on this topic, however, rarely accounts for the concurrent influence of employer representatives or for differences in attorney characteristics. The author analyzes all arbitration awards rendered within the securities industry for cases filed at the implementation of its ADR program through 2007. Findings show that hiring an attorney benefits employees, but only in the rare instances when employers do not include an agent. In addition, the author examines lawyers’ biographical records to determine attorney quality differences and their effects on outcomes conditional on both sides having legal counsel. Findings show that employee and employer attorney characteristics differ and have grown more pronounced over time. These differences can affect awards, particularly to the benefit of employees. The author concludes that although simply hiring any attorney will not redress systematic imbalances within employment arbitration, lawyers are important to the system and certain types of representatives can affect the outcomes of arbitration.
Estimation of the Effects of Air Pollution on Hospitalization Expenditures for Asthma
Authors: Zhang Fengyi , Luo Li , Wang Ziyan , Zhang Wei , Li Chunyang , Qiu Zhixin , Huang Debin
Published: September 2019

This article aims to estimate the effects of air pollutants (PM2.5, PM10, SO2, and NO2) on the hospitalization expenses of adult patients admitted due to asthma. The data is sourced from the medical health database of a city in Southwest China, which involves approximately 14 million residents. A generalized additive model using a Poisson distribution was utilized to identify the effects of air pollution on the cost of hospitalization due to asthma. Hospital admissions were stratified by sex, age, season, and type of medical insurance to specialize the results. Air pollution significantly affects hospitalization expenses for asthma. These effects were more significant in the male, non-senior subgroups than in the female, senior subgroups. The difference also significantly existed in different insurance type subgroups. Air pollution has adverse effects on hospitalization expenses for asthma. Climate change is now deeply affecting the world in the aspects of economy and health. Based on our research, policymakers can establish more effective air pollution reduction policies and measures that can control the levels of ambient air pollutants, which help save health care resources and improve the welfare of the population by easing the climate change.
When Does Customer Participation Matter? An Empirical Investigation of the Role of Customer Empowerment in the Customer Participation–Performance Link
Authors: Auh Seigyoung , Menguc Bulent , Katsikeas Constantine S. , Jung Yeon Sung
Published: September 2019

Research on customer participation (CP) has focused on its benefits for customers. However, recent research suggests that CP is beneficial to both customers and firms. The literature is also sparse on the economic (e.g., profitability) and customer (e.g., customer retention) impact of CP. This research introduces the concept of customer empowerment and develops and tests a model of customer empowerment as a parallel mediator, along with customer satisfaction, to explain the linkage between CP and bank branch performance. Furthermore, the authors draw on a broader set of moderators beyond customer characteristics to examine when CP affects empowerment and satisfaction. Using triadic matched data from a multiwave design and a three-level model in which customers are nested within employees, who are, in turn, nested within bank branches, the authors show that customer empowerment and satisfaction fully mediate the effect of CP on branch performance. The findings also show that CP results in greater customer empowerment and satisfaction when there is fit between participation and the context in which it is used. The authors discuss implications for advancing CP research and suggest actionable steps for reaping the economic and customer benefits of CP.