bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Widespread Evidence for Rapid Recent Changes in Global Range and Abundance of Threespine Stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus)
Authors: Makhrov Aleksander A. , Houle Easton Y. K. , Hendry Andrew P. , Derry Alison M. , Lajus Dmitry L.
Published: October 2024

The threespine stickleback, Gasterosteus aculeatus, has undergone dramatic increases in abundance in parts of its historical native range, and it is also undergoing a major range expansion. We review available information and discuss the vectors and sources of the species' range expansions, the genetic characteristics of recently founded populations and the ecological consequences of both stickleback introductions and increases in abundance. Dramatic range expansions occurred in the Caspian Sea drainage, large rivers in the Black Sea drainage, reservoirs of the Rhine basin, isolated lakes in North America and Japan and remote islands in the Arctic. Likely reasons for these range expansions include canal construction, accidental inclusion with stocking of commercially valuable fish, intentional release by aquarists and fishermen and climate change. In some cases, range expansions of stickleback were likely facilitated by genetic admixture of previously separated lineages, as well as by high‐standing genetic variation that promotes rapid adaptation to new habitats. Accordingly, range expansions are often accompanied by striking increases in abundance, although these are two distinct processes. Notably, population growth within the species' native range, particularly in the White and Baltic Seas, has been observed alongside expansions into new areas. Where stickleback colonise new habitats or increase in abundance, extensive ecological impacts on ecosystems typically occur. Given these massive and widespread changes, the species has the potential to provide considerable insight into the evolutionary and ecological effects of human impacts on aquatic ecosystems.
Fathers' rejection sensitivity: Links with fathers' and children's social information processing
Authors: Sher‐Censor Efrat , Gur‐Yaish Nurit , Polachek Esther , Ziv Yair
Published: October 2024

Objective

Joining efforts to reveal how fathers affect their children's social competence, we examined whether fathers' rejection sensitivity was associated with biases in their children's social information processing. We also explored whether this link was indirect via biases in fathers' social information processing of their children's peer interactions and, in particular, fathers' behavioral responses.

Background

Children's social information processing biases predict their social competence and well‐being. Studies have explored how mothers' rejection sensitivity may impact children's social information processing. Yet, little is known about the role of fathers in this context.

Method

Participants were 85 fathers living in Israel (68.24% Jewish; 31.76% Arab) and their kindergarten children (55.29% female; MChild age in months = 68.70, SD = 5.59). Fathers completed the Adult Rejection Sensitivity Questionnaire and reported their attributions, emotions, and likely behaviors in ambiguous hypothetical scenarios that might suggest a rejection of their child by peers using the Peer Rejection Scenarios measure. Children were interviewed using the Social Information Processing Interview–Preschool Version, tapping hypothetical peer interactions.

Results

Fathers' rejection sensitivity was indirectly related to children's generation of maladaptive responses to ambiguous peer interactions through fathers' reports of their more negative emotions and overinvolved behavioral responses.

Conclusion

Results underscore the role of fathers' rejection sensitivity and emotional and behavioral responses in children's social information processing.

Implications

The study points to the need to consider paternal rejection sensitivity in research and interventions focused on promoting children's social competence.
Failure characteristics and stress wave propagation of red sandstone under explosion with varying gas energies
Authors: Zhang Xiang , Chen Jun , Yi Hui , Yang Yang , Fang Shizheng , Li Chengxiao , Chen Shulin , Gao Derui , Wang Zhijie
Published: October 2024

This study designs a blasting loading device capable of changing the utilization of explosive gas by modifying the constraint conditions. The propagation of crack and stress waves in red sandstone under different explosive gases is recorded using digital image correlation technology and ultra‐dynamic strain gauges. Both methods are effectively validated against each other. The results showed that as the utilization of explosive gas increases, the explosive stress wave induces layer cracking at the specimen's far end and tensile failure at its near end. In addition, the larger the stress wave's amplitude, the greater the spatial attenuation coefficients of the compression and tension waves. The study ultimately deduces the propagation process of the incident wave and analyzes the influence of stress wave propagation on the specimen's failure characteristics.
Effect of Heat Treatment on Fatigue Life of Ti‐6Al‐4V Alloy With Two‐Layered Structure of Additively Manufactured and Conventional Wrought Parts
Authors: Koyama Atsuhiro , Sonobe Yohei , Saimoto Akihide , Uematsu Yoshihiko
Published: October 2024

To investigate fatigue life of the two‐layered Ti‐6Al‐4V alloys with additively manufactured layer and conventional wrought layer, fatigue tests were conducted under constant amplitude loading. The effect of post heat treatment on fatigue life was also examined. Three types of specimens were used as test materials: specimens without heat treatment (As‐built material), specimens with solution aging treatment (STA), and specimens with heat treatment (1100AC). Compared at the same stress amplitude, there was a tendency that STA material has a longer fatigue life because of the lower initial stress of STA specimens at the attachment of the fatigue testing machine. However, As‐built material had the longest and 1100AC material had the shortest fatigue lives compared at the same σswt. And a comparison of the fatigue limits showed that As‐built and STA materials have almost the same values.
Unifying Coral Reef States Through Space and Time Reveals a Changing Ecosystem
Authors: Brandl Simon J. , Carlot Jérémy , Stuart‐Smith Rick D. , Keith Sally A. , Graham Nicholas A. J. , Edgar Graham J. , Wicquart Jérémy , Wilson Shaun K. , Karkarey Rucha , Donovan Mary K. , Arias‐Gonzalez Jesus E. , Arthur Rohan , Bigot Lionel , Exton Dan A. , Goetze Jordan , Hoey Andrew S. , Holmes Thomas , Maréchal Jean‐Philippe , Mouillot David , Ross Claire L. , Wickel Julien , Adjeroud Mehdi , Parravicini Valeriano
Published: October 2024

Aim

Ecological state shifts that alter the structure and function of entire ecosystems are a concerning consequence of human impact. Yet, when, where and why discrete ecological states emerge remains difficult to predict and monitor, especially in high‐diversity systems. We sought to quantify state shifts and their drivers through space and time in the most ecologically complex marine ecosystem: tropical coral reefs.

Location

Worldwide.

Time Period

1987–2019.

Major Taxa Studied

Coral reef communities.

Methods

Using a global dataset of 3375 coral reef surveys, along with 13 time series datasets ranging between 1987 and 2019, we applied a novel double‐dichotomy approach to classify coral reefs into four simplified and discrete states based on the relative contributions of corals versus algae to benthic cover and small‐bodied versus large‐bodied fishes to fish standing stock. We then examined state shifts considering a range of spatial predictors and tested whether states have shifted directionally over time, and the nature of the most common transitions.

Results

We show that geographic, environmental and anthropogenic context fundamentally shapes coral reef states at the local scale, which explains disparities among case studies, and stakes out critical baseline expectations for regional management efforts. We also reveal clear multi‐decadal state shifts on coral reefs: over time, systems dominated by reef‐building corals and small‐bodied, planktivorous fishes tend to have been replaced with reefs characterised by algae and larger‐bodied fishes.

Main Conclusions

Our results suggest a previously unrecognised transition from systems that harness external subsidies through small‐bodied consumers associated with structurally complex live corals, to herbivore‐dominated systems with stronger bottom‐up dynamics. Overall, the partitioning of complex reef ecosystems into a small suite of discrete ecological states suggests that spatial context‐dependency, shifting baselines and changes in reef functioning are crucial considerations for coral reef management in the 21st century.
Navigating Avatar‐Based Marketing From Value Aspects: A Systematic Literature Review and Forward‐Looking Research Agenda
Authors: Rahman Md. Shahinur , Sabbir Md. Mahiuddin , Zhang Jing , Taufique Khan Md. Raziuddin , Rahman Md. Masudur
Published: October 2024

Virtual avatar deployment has opened a new window for many industries in service personalization and customization, offering customers “anytime–anywhere” services. It becomes increasingly essential for marketing practitioners and scholars to clearly understand how avatar attributes and traits are reshaping customer value perceptions in the digital world. Despite the exponential growth of research interest within this area in the last decade, the literature on avatar attributes and consumer‐perceived values remains fragmented and isolated. Given this circumstance, this review draws on the theory–context–characteristics–methods framework and explores the extant literature to provide a collective and comprehensive insight into dominant theories, contexts, characteristics, and methodologies in the context of avatar‐based marketing (ABM). A systematic literature review was applied to rigorously review 57 published articles on avatars and ABM from 2005 to 2023. Using in‐depth content analysis, the current review sheds light on the opportunity to extend the theoretical foundations for the ABM literature. It also identifies gaps in understanding avatar attributes and the associated consumer values, with potential implications for consumer behavior. Finally, it sums up a comprehensive future research agenda.
Social Media Influencer Marketing: A Systematic Literature Review Using TCM and ADO Framework
Authors: Pushparaj P. , Kushwaha Bijay Prasad
Published: October 2024

Social media influencers (SMIs) have a significant impact on consumer decisions, and research in this area comprises a substantial portion of the literature. Despite marketing firms' attention to SMIs, a comprehensive evaluation of their impact on the consumer decision literature is lacking. Therefore, this study offers a comprehensive and systematic analysis of the impact of social media influencers on consumer decisions. Using a framework‐based approach, the TCM framework provides a structured exploration of the theories, contexts, and methods found in 106 relevant articles. Concurrently, the ADO framework examines the determinants of consumers' decisions. This review identifies 62 distinct antecedents categorized into seven broad groups and explores why specific factors positively or negatively affect purchase decisions and outcomes. This study highlights key gaps in the current influencer marketing literature and provides insights for future research and practical implications in the fields of psychology, marketing, and consumer behavior.
Treatment outcomes of mild to moderate Clostridioides difficile infection in inflammatory bowel disease: an Australian experience
Authors: Jacob Rachael , Chu Virginia , Ng Watson , Williams Astrid‐Jane , Connor Susan
Published: October 2024

Background

The incidence of Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is rising and associated with adverse outcomes. Optimal treatment for CDI in IBD remains unknown, with various organisations suggesting vancomycin as first‐line therapy.

Aim

To compare treatment outcomes for metronidazole versus vancomycin in mild to moderate CDI in IBD.

Methods

A retrospective analysis of IBD patients with CDI between January 2015 and December 2019 was conducted. Laboratory data and clinical outcomes were examined.

Results

Forty‐seven discrete episodes of CDI in 34 patients occurred during the study period. Fifty‐three per cent (18) had Crohn's disease, 44% (15) ulcerative colitis and 3% (1) IBD unclassified. Six per cent (3/47) of CDI cases were severe and excluded. In 68% (30/44) of mild to moderate CDI, metronidazole was prescribed, with treatment failure in 20% (6/30), CDI recurrence in 13% (4/30) and 20% (6/30) experiencing a further CDI episode. Comparatively, vancomycin was prescribed in 23% (10/44) without any treatment failures; however, 10% (1/10) had CDI recurrence and 40% (4/10) experienced another CDI episode. No statistically significant difference was noted between metronidazole and vancomycin therapy for treatment failure (P = 0.31), CDI recurrence (P = 1.0) or further CDI episodes (P = 0.23). Proton‐pump inhibitor therapy was the only risk factor associated with a higher rate of the composite outcome and remained significant on multivariate logistic regression (odds ratio 12.99 (95% confidence interval = 1.21–139.97), P = 0.03).

Conclusion

Metronidazole compared to vancomycin for treatment of mild to moderate CDI in IBD is effective however may be associated with higher rates of treatment failure.
The Conflict Resolution Roles of the Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church
Authors: Mekuriaw Mengist Tarekegn
Published: October 2024

Religious institutions have an organic role to play in conflict resolution. This study examines the role of the Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church in resolving recent conflicts in Ethiopia on the basis of data from the Amhara regional state. The study used a qualitative research methodology. Focus group discussions and semi‐structured interviews with key informants were used to gather data. Participants were selected from various dioceses and the Amhara police commission, including representatives from the Council of Religious Institutions in the Amhara region, church officials, priests, academics and police officers, on the basis of their experience, knowledge and proximity to the issues. Thus, the study assesses the church's role in conflict resolution, the methods used, and the challenges the church has encountered in its efforts. The findings show that throughout its lengthy history, the church has made a beneficial, all‐encompassing contribution to conflict resolution, and it is recognized in the community for now serving this purpose. Apart from settling inter‐group and personal disputes, the church has also attempted to mediate between armed groups and the government in some parts of the regional state. The study argues that, despite continuing to work towards some success, the church has become less effective at settling political conflicts. To foster pathways for lasting peace, this calls for strengthening the Church's position as a traditional conflict resolution institution among the relevant stakeholders and safeguarding its established methods and authority from being undermined by unwarranted intervention from the government and other disputing parties.
Comparison of the Achieved and Expected Competence Level of New Graduate Nurses: Two Cross‐Sectional Studies
Authors: Wu Jie , Zhu Yaqi , Yan Dexiu , Zhang Yaqing , Zhang Yuanyuan
Published: October 2024

Aim

To explore and compare the self‐perceived competence level of new graduate nurses with the expected competence level that nurse managers believe new graduate nurses should have in general.

Design

Two cross‐sectional empirical studies.

Methods

Two independent cross‐sectional studies were carried out in 12 tertiary hospitals in September 2020 and November 2021, respectively. Participants were 1017 new graduate nurses with less than 2 years of work experience and 306 nurse managers who completed an online survey.

Results

The score of self‐perceived nursing competence of new graduate nurses was 74.77 ± 14.35, and the expectation of nurse managers was 74.21 ± 15.04. The values of 18 items were significantly different between the two of them (p < 0.05), and there were only three items showed higher expectations of nurse managers than the self‐rated values of new graduate nurses. Results of latent profile analysis revealed that this cohort of new graduate nurses could be divided into three subgroups, named risky competent (11.1%), medium competent (46.0%) and advanced competent (42.9%). When comparing, the nurse managers' expected competence level was between the value of ‘medium competent’ group and ‘advanced competent’ group.

Conclusions

Our study adopted a dual perspective comparison of nurse managers and new graduate nurses, which broke through the limitations of the previous single perspective study of new graduate nurses' nursing competence.

Implications for the Profession and/or Patient Care

This study highlights the importance of the consistency in new graduate nurses' nursing competence from the perspectives of new graduate nurses and nurse managers.

Impact

This study showed a generally good match of actual nursing competence level of new graduate nurses and the expected level from nurse managers. While there was significant individual heterogeneity in the competence score of new graduate nurses, three subgroups were identified through the individual‐centred analysis of latent profile analysis. Therefore, Nurse managers need to systematically adjust the standardized training programs and teaching methods for new graduate nurses according to the population characteristics and take precise interventions to improve nursing competence of new graduate nurses.

Reporting Method

We adhered to the Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) guidelines.

Patient or Public Contribution

No Patient or Public Contribution.
Exploring Implementation Processes of a Multicomponent Family Support Intervention in Intensive Care Units (FICUS) Study: A Mixed‐Methods Process Evaluation
Authors: Oesch Saskia , Verweij Lotte , Riguzzi Marco , Finch Tracy , Naef Rahel
Published: October 2024

Aim

To investigate the experience with and progress of the implementation of a Family Support Intervention (FSI) into adult intensive care units (ICUs) as part of the cluster‐randomised FICUS trial.

Design

A mixed‐methods process evaluation using a multiple case study approach guided by the normalisation process theory.

Methods

This study took place between June 2022 and July 2023 in eight Swiss ICUs randomised to the intervention arm. A tailored implementation strategy was used to introduce the multicomponent FSI, consisting of a new family nursing role and a family care pathway, into interprofessional ICU teams. Participants were 40 ICU key clinical partners. Qualitative data were collected twice, early (3–6 months) and mid‐implementation (9–12 months), using small group interviews. A questionnaire with psychometric measures (Acceptability of Intervention Measure, Feasibility of Intervention Measure, Intervention Appropriateness Measure, Normalisation Measure Development Questionnaire) was administered at mid‐implementation. RITA pragmatic rapid thematic analysis and descriptive statistics were used to analyse the data. Qualitative and quantitative results were then compared across ICUs (cases).

Findings

Findings indicated the desired progress of the FSI integration overall and across cases, with high acceptability and appropriateness ratings but only moderate to high feasibility scores. Study‐related barriers were noted in all ICUs (i.e., FSI delivery as part of a clinical trial). Implementation barriers included family nurses' limited capacity and clinician's attitudes towards the FSI. Leadership support and interprofessional collaboration were identified as facilitators. Case‐based, integrated findings yielded two implementation pathways, namely early and protracted adopters.

Conclusion

Implementation barriers were related to the feasibility of FSI delivery within the study context that required a high degree of standardisation and protocol adherence. Implementation progress was shaped by an interprofessional culture of family care, sufficient staff and time resources, and leadership support. The study's findings will inform future implementation of complex health interventions in ICUs.

Reporting Method

Good reporting of a Mixed‐Methods Study (GRAMMS).

Patient or Public Contribution

Within the FICUS trial, a patient and family advisory board with a patient expert, three family members and a patient with own lived experience of critical care collaborate with the research team.
Addressing Nursing Resignation: Insights From Qualitative Studies on Nurses Leaving Healthcare Organisations and the Profession
Authors: Lessi Lara , de Barbieri Ilaria , Danielis Matteo
Published: October 2024

Aim

The aim of this study is to explore the experiences of nurses who resigned from healthcare organisations or abandoned the profession and explore the reasons behind them.

Design

A systematic review of qualitative studies and meta‐summary.

Data Sources

Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), Embase (Ovid), MEDLINE (Ovid), Social Science Citation Index (Web of Science), and Scopus.

Methods

The search was conducted up to May 2024. Primary qualitative studies focused on nurses who had resigned or left the profession were included. The meta‐summary was conducted using method: findings were extracted from the reports, edited, grouped, abstracted into key meta‐findings, and finally, their frequency effect sizes were calculated.

Results

A total of 282 findings were extracted from 12 studies, generating 49 statements of findings that were aggregated into nine key meta‐findings. Poor management practices presented a frequency effect size of 100%. Other key meta‐findings included excessive workload, teamwork hurdles, health issues related to work shifts and difficulty in maintaining work‐life balance, a lack of career growth opportunities and promotion chances, disillusionment with nursing, dissatisfaction due to salary, bullying and horizontal violence, and moral distress over ethical dilemmas.

Conclusion

The findings can help support the development of targeted strategies and the implementation of effective policies aimed at reducing nursing turnover.

Impact and Implications for the Profession

The major impact of these findings is the recognition of rising factors that negatively affect nurses' quality of life, including workload pressures and poor management strategies, which significantly lower job satisfaction. To address these challenges, the profession should prioritise tools that value nurses in their roles, implement strategies to manage workloads more effectively and advocate for policies promoting flexible scheduling. Additionally, investing in professional development and fostering a supportive work environment can help retain skilled nurses and nurture the growth of new talent.

Reporting Method

Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses (PRISMA).

Patient or Public Contribution

No patient or public contribution.
Detecting Differential Item Functioning among Multiple Groups Using IRT Residual DIF Framework
Authors: Lim Hwanggyu , Zhu Danqi , Choe Edison M. , Han KyungT.
Published: October 2024

This study presents a generalized version of the residual differential item functioning (RDIF) detection framework in item response theory, named GRDIF, to analyze differential item functioning (DIF) in multiple groups. The GRDIF framework retains the advantages of the original RDIF framework, such as computational efficiency and ease of implementation. The performance of GRDIF was assessed through a simulation study and compared with existing DIF detection methods, including the generalized Mantel‐Haenszel, Lasso‐DIF, and alignment methods. Results showed that the GRDIF framework demonstrated well‐controlled Type I error rates close to the nominal level of .05 and satisfactory power in detecting uniform, nonuniform, and mixed DIF across different simulated conditions. Each of the three GRDIF statistics, , , and , effectively detected the specific type of DIF for which it was designed, with exhibiting the most robust performance across all types of DIF. The GRDIF framework outperformed other DIF detection methods under various conditions, suggesting its potential for practical applications, particularly in large‐scale assessments involving multiple groups. Additionally, an empirical study demonstrated the efficacy and utility of the GRDIF framework in conducting DIF analysis with a high‐stakes assessment data set.
Association of psychosocial factors at work with fertility and menstrual disorders: A systematic review
Authors: Sasaki Natsu , Imamura Kotaro , Watanabe Kazuhiro , Hidaka Yui , Sakuraya Asuka , Ando Emiko , Eguchi Hisashi , Inoue Akiomi , Tsuno Kanami , Komase Yu , Iida Mako , Otsuka Yasumasa , Iwanaga Mai , Kobayashi Yuka , Inoue Reiko , Shimazu Akihito , Tsutsumi Akizumi , Kawakami Norito
Published: October 2024

Objectives

This systematic review aimed to assess the association between psychosocial factors in the workplace and menstrual abnormalities or fertility, focusing on literature implementing a prospective cohort design.

Methods

We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsycINFO, PsycARTICLES, and Japan Medical Abstracts Society electronic databases for studies published from inception to February 26, 2020, and updated the search in PubMed on May 29, 2024. Inclusion criteria were (P) adult female workers (over 18 years old), (E) presence of adverse psychosocial factors at work, (C) absence of adverse psychosocial factors at work, and (O) any menstrual cycle disorders, menstrual‐related symptoms, or fertility issues. Prospective cohort studies were included. The included studies were summarized descriptively.

Results

Database searching yielded 14,238 abstracts, with nine studies meeting the inclusion criteria. Outcomes included fertility (n = 5), irregular menstrual cycle (n = 1), early menopause (n = 1), endometriosis (n = 1), and serum hormones (n = 1). Study findings included that women with high job demands and low job control were less likely to conceive, and working over 40 h per week and frequent heavy lifting, and rotating night shift work increased the risk of earlier menopause. Studies on night shift/rotating work and fertility outcomes showed no significant differences.

Conclusion

This review underscores the insufficient high‐level evidence regarding the association of psychosocial factors at work with fertility and menstrual disorders, emphasizing the necessity for future well‐designed studies.
The role of family support in medication adherence and quality of life among tuberculosis patients: A scoping review
Authors: Lutfian Lutfian , Azizah Aufa , Wardika Izdihar Javier , Wildana Fahmi , Maulana Sidik , Wartakusumah Riki
Published: October 2024

Background

Tuberculosis (TB) remains one of the leading infectious diseases globally, causing high mortality rates. A significant factor contributing to this issue is nonadherence to treatment, which is influenced by family support and impacts the quality of life (QoL) of patients.

Aim

The purpose of this study was to describe the role of family support in enhancing medication adherence and improving QoL in individuals with TB.

Methods

This study utilized a scoping review method to examine literature from the PubMed, Scopus, and EBSCO databases. The keywords used in the search included “social support OR online social support OR perceived social support OR family support” AND “Tuberculosis OR TB OR TBC” AND “medication adherence OR medication compliance OR drug adherence OR drug compliance OR adherence OR compliance OR lost to follow‐up” AND “QoL OR HRQoL OR health‐related QoL.” The inclusion criteria were full‐text articles in English, primary research studies, and publications from the last 10 years (2012–2022).

Results

Thirteen articles met the inclusion criteria, with sample sizes ranging from 50 to 1342 respondents, predominantly using cross‐sectional methods. The study found that family support is crucial in promoting medication adherence and positively influencing the QoL of TB patients. Family members provide emotional and practical support, including supervision of medication intake and encouragement of healthy habits. This support enhances patients' confidence, motivation, and overall treatment outcomes.

Conclusions

The findings underscore the indispensable role of family support in addressing the complex interplay between medication adherence and QoL for individuals with TB.
The conservation‐extraction nexus in ocean Areas Beyond National Jurisdiction: Tension or co‐constitution?
Authors: Havice Elizabeth , Zalik Anna , Campbell Lisa , Gray Noella
Published: October 2024

Recent years have seen a sharp uptick in efforts to expedite resource extraction in, and expand biodiversity conservation to, Areas Beyond National Jurisdiction (ABNJ), the ~70% of oceans outside state space. In this symposium piece, we explore the co‐constitution of the parallel acceleration of biodiversity conservation and economic exploitation that is unfolding in ways unique to the high seas, but consistent with global patterns wherein this coupling encloses space for capitalist value extraction. These coupled tendencies are part of expanded ocean regulation and, in ABNJ, they form part of state‐capital advancement into one of the remaining world frontiers. We explore this extraction‐conservation nexus in two contemporary ABNJ negotiations: 1) the Implementing Agreement under the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) on the Conservation and Sustainable Use of Marine Biological Diversity of Areas Beyond National Jurisdiction and 2) the International Seabed Authority's development of an exploitation regime for deep‐seabed mining in the Area. Our findings build on insights from agrarian political economy and political ecology that establish the co‐constitution – rather than incommensurability – of conservation and extractive activities in terrestrial spaces and draw out the arenas of this nexus in the ecologically complex, political‐economic grey zone that is the uninhabited (by humans), non‐state space of the planet. This work contributes to placing the high seas and the emergent blue economy within the critical scholarship that describes and explores the conservation‐extraction nexus and its consequences.
Molecular Identification and Fungicide Sensitivity of Ceratobasidium sp. (AG‐A) Isolates Causing Stem Canker on Potato in Mexico
Authors: López‐Corrales Rosalía , Michereff Sami J. , Correia Kamila Câmara , García‐Estrada Raymundo S. , Nieto‐López Edgar H. , Mora‐Romero Guadalupe A. , Tovar‐Pedraza Juan M.
Published: October 2024

In 2022, potato plants exhibiting symptoms of stem canker were observed in commercial fields in northern Sinaloa, Mexico. Morphological characterisation of two isolates allowed the identification of Ceratobasidium sp., whereas molecular analysis using sequences of the ITS region and the rpb2 gene distinguished the isolates within the Anastomosis Group A (AG‐A). Both isolates induced symptoms of stem canker on inoculated potato plants and exhibited median EC50 values of 19.46, 5.20, 62.71 and 0.33 μg mL−1 for the fungicides thiophanate methyl, pyraclostrobin, prochloraz and penflufen, respectively. However, the two isolates differed by > 65‐fold in their EC50 value relative to pyraclostrobin.
First Report of Three Fusarium spp. Causing Root Rot of Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) in China
Authors: Luo Qian , Lai Jia‐Hao , Zhou Teng‐Fei , Yang You‐Xin , Liu Bing
Published: October 2024

Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata), known for its high nutritional value, is one of the most important edible beans worldwide. In September 2023, a root rot disease was found in a greenhouse in Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, with symptoms of plant wilting. The isolates from the diseased samples were identified as Fusarium concentricum, F. fujikuroi and F. incarnatum based on morphological characteristics and phylogenetic analysis of four loci including the internal transcribed spacer region (rDNA‐ITS), translation elongation factor 1‐alpha (TEF1), beta‐tubulin (TUB2) and calmodulin (CAM). The pathogenicity of the representative isolates was confirmed on asymptomatic cowpea seedlings. Although other Fusarium species, particularly F. oxysporum, have been previously reported as pathogens of cowpea, this study is the first to document F. concentricum, F. fujikuroi, and F. incarnatum as causative agents of cowpea root rot in China.
Process Research Methods for Studying Supply Chains and Their Management
Authors: Grimm Julia , Langley Ann , Reinecke Juliane
Published: October 2024

Processes are fundamental to supply chains and their management. Yet, traditional research approaches to supply chain management (SCM) reflect only a limited understanding of process, offering accounts that overlook the constitutive role of dynamically interrelated processes and how their interplay over time shapes the trajectories of supply chains. This article argues that a process‐philosophical perspective is better suited as a starting point for identifying, analyzing, and interpreting the fluid and interwoven processes of supply chains and their co‐evolving environments. Drawing on examples from SCM research, the article offers insights into the nature of process‐thinking and process‐theoretical assumptions, including the analytical choices and challenges entailed in process research. Besides providing methodological guidance, the article highlights how process research methods equip SCM scholars with a powerful lens for studying transformational issues in this field, including sustainability, resilience, and the use of digitalization and technology.
Comparison of CHOP‐19 and CHOP‐25 for treatment of peripheral nodal B‐cell lymphoma in dogs: A European multicenter retrospective cohort study
Authors: Hawkes Charles , Morris Joanna , Bavcar Spela , Wilkie Craig , Ray Surajit , Auquier Charlotte , Benjamin Sarah , Massó Juan Borrego , Bottin Sébastien , Davies Owen , Desmas‐Bazelle Isabelle , Einhorn Anat , Figueroa‐Gonzalez Celia , Holenova Katerina , Kritsotalaki Elisavet , Peak Kerry , Smallwood Katherine , Treggiari Elisabetta , Valenti Paola , de la Virgen Miguel Garcia , Fournier Quentin
Published: October 2024

Background

Peripheral nodal B‐cell lymphomas (PNBCL) represent the most common presentation of lymphomas in dogs. Multiagent CHOP (C = cyclophosphamide, H = hydroxydaunorubicin [Doxorubicin], O = Oncovin, P = prednisolone)‐based chemotherapy protocols have been widely accepted as gold standard 1st‐line treatment. CHOP‐25 and CHOP‐19 are most commonly prescribed but have never been directly compared.

Objectives

Our primary aim was to compare outcomes of dogs diagnosed with PNBCL, treated using a 1st‐line CHOP‐19 or CHOP‐25 protocol. A secondary objective was to determine the impact of protocol‐related variables on outcomes.

Animals

Five hundred two dogs from 16 European oncology referral centers. One hundred fifty‐five dogs were treated with CHOP‐19 and 347 dogs with CHOP‐25.

Methods

Retrospective, multicentric cohort study of dogs diagnosed with PNBCL between 2014 and 2021.

Results

The 6‐month, 1‐year, and median progression‐free survival (PFS) were 56.5% (95% confidence interval [CI], 49.2‐65.0), 14.1% (95% CI, 9.4‐21.0), and 196 days (95% CI, 176‐233) with CHOP‐19; and 56.4% (95% CI, 51.4‐61.9), 17% (95% CI, 13.4‐21.6), and 209 days (95% CI, 187‐224) with CHOP‐25. The 1‐year, 2‐year and median overall survival (OS) were 36.9% (95% CI, 29.7‐46.0), 13.5% (95% CI, 8.6‐21.1), and 302 days (95% CI, 249‐338) with CHOP‐19; and 42.8% (95% CI, 37.7‐48.7), 15.4% (95% CI, 11.7‐20.4), and 321 days (95% CI, 293‐357) with CHOP‐25. No significant difference in PFS and OS was found between the 2 protocols.

Conclusions and Clinical Importance

Our study confirmed similar outcomes for dogs with PNBCL treated with 1st‐line CHOP‐19 or CHOP‐25. Both protocols therefore could be used as a standard of care in future trials.
Osteopontin Promotes Cholangiocyte Secretion of Chemokines to Support Macrophage Recruitment and Fibrosis in MASH
Authors: Coombes Jason D. , Manka Paul P. , Swiderska‐Syn Marzena , Vannan Danielle T. , Riva Antonio , Claridge Lee C. , Moylan Cynthia , Suzuki Ayako , Briones‐Orta Marco A. , Younis Rasha , Kitamura Naoto , Sydor Svenja , Bittencourt Shanna , Mi Zhiyong , Kuo Paul C. , Diehl Anna Mae , van Grunsven Leo A. , Chokshi Shilpa , Canbay Ali , Abdelmalek Manal F. , Aspichueta Patricia , Papa Salvatore , Eksteen Bertus , Syn Wing‐Kin
Published: October 2024

Background and Aims

Osteopontin (OPN) promotes the ductular reaction and is a major driver of chronic liver disease (CLD) progression. Although CLD is characterised by the accumulation of inflammatory cells including macrophages around the peri‐portal regions, the influence of OPN on recruitment is unclear. We investigated the role of OPN in cholangiocyte chemokine production and macrophage recruitment by combining in vivo, in vitro, and in silico approaches.

Methods

The effects of OPN on cholangiocyte chemokine production and macrophage migration were assessed in culture, alongside RNA‐sequencing to identify genes and pathways affected by OPN depletion. Murine liver injury models were used to assess liver chemokine expression and liver macrophage/monocyte recruitment. OPN and chemokine expression were analysed in liver tissue and plasma from biopsy‐proven metabolic dysfunction‐associated alcoholic steatohepatitis (MASH) patients.

Results

OPN‐knockdown in cholangiocytes reduced chemokine secretion. RNA‐sequencing showed OPN‐related effects clustered around immunity, chemotaxis and chemokine production. Macrophage exposure to cholangiocyte‐conditioned media showed OPN‐supported migration via chemokines chemokine (C‐C motif) ligand (CCL)2, CCL5 and chemokine (C‐X‐C motif) ligand (CXCL)1. These effects were related to NF‐κB signalling. Murine liver fibrosis was accompanied by upregulated liver OPN, CCL2, CCL5 and CXCL1 mRNA, and accumulation of liver cluster of differentiation (CD)11b/F4/80+CC chemokine receptors (CCR2)high macrophages but treatment with OPN‐specific neutralising aptamers reduced fibrosis, chemokine mRNAs and accumulation of liver CD11b/F4/80+CCR2high/lymphocyte antigen 6 complexhigh inflammatory monocytes. In human MASH, liver OPN correlated with chemokines CCL2 and IL8 in association with portal injury and fibrosis. Plasma OPN, serum CCL2 and IL8 also increased with fibrosis stage.

Conclusions

OPN promotes cholangiocyte chemokine secretion and the accumulation of pro‐inflammatory monocytes. These data support neutralisation of OPN as an anti‐inflammatory and anti‐fibrotic strategy.
Petrocodon mirus (Gesneriaceae), a new species from southwest Guangxi, China
Authors: Shi Xi‐Zuo , Fu Jia‐Xin , Huang Xiu‐Ling , Huang Min‐Hang , Kang Ming , Yang Li‐Hua
Published: October 2024

Based on morphological observations, molecular phylogenetic analyses and literature consultations, a new species of Gesneriaceae, Petrocodon mirus, is described and illustrated here. This new species exhibits morphological similarity with P. pulchriflorus and P. hechiensis, but is easily distinguished from the latter two by its slightly leathery leaf blade, liner to ligulate‐oblong lip lobes, and shorter tube with constriction at middle. In addition, the new species differs from P. pulchriflorus by its reflexed adaxial lip lobes, and from P. hechiensis by its included stamen and pistil. However, the stigma of P. mirus is much similar to the chiritoid stigma diagnostic for ChiritaBuch.‐Ham. ex Don (now mostly included in Primulina); based on this observation a new hypothesis for the evolution of the chiritoid stigma is proposed.
Catechol acetylglucose: a newly identified benzoxazinoid‐regulated defensive metabolite in maize
Authors: Richter Annett , Schroeder Allen F. , Marcon Caroline , Hochholdinger Frank , Jander Georg , Negin Boaz
Published: October 2024

An enormous diversity of specialized metabolites is produced in the plant kingdom, with each individual plant synthesizing thousands of these compounds. Previous research showed that benzoxazinoids, the most abundant class of specialized metabolites in maize, also function as signaling molecules by regulating the production callose as a defense response.

We searched for additional benzoxazinoid‐regulated specialized metabolites, characterized them, examined whether they too function in herbivore protection, and determined how Spodoptera frugiperda (fall armyworm), a prominent maize pest, copes with these metabolites.

We identified catechol acetylglucose (CAG) as a benzoxazinoid‐regulated metabolite that is produced from salicylic acid via catechol and catechol glucoside. Genome‐wide association studies of CAG abundance identified a gene encoding a predicted acetyltransferase. Knockout of this gene resulted in maize plants that lack CAG and over‐accumulate catechol glucoside. Upon tissue disruption, maize plants accumulate catechol, which inhibits S. frugiperda growth. Analysis of caterpillar frass showed that S. frugiperda detoxifies catechol by glycosylation, and the efficiency of catechol glycosylation was correlated with S. frugiperda growth on a catechol‐containing diet.

Thus, the success of S. frugiperda as an agricultural pest may depend partly on its ability to detoxify catechol, which is produced as a defensive metabolite by maize.
Advances in laryngopharyngeal reflux: Etiology, diagnosis, and management
Authors: Samuels Tina L. , Aoun Jennifer , Husain Inna , Figueredo Edgar , Richards David , Johnston Nikki
Published: October 2024

Laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR) manifests as a variety of nonspecific upper aerodigestive tract symptoms. Rather than a single disorder, LPR may be conceived of as a spectrum of subtypes with varying clinical presentations. LPR signs and symptoms arise from the direct and/or indirect effects of refluxate, physical and molecular injury of the mucosa, and neurologic responses to esophageal events. Specific constituents of refluxate exert distinct mucosal responses and immediate or delayed effects resulting in transient or persistent symptoms and/or laryngeal hypersensitivity. While the complex etiology of LPR presents challenges to its diagnosis and management, tools that aid the identification of LPR subtypes can provide insight into treatment decision‐making. Hypopharyngeal‐esophageal multichannel intraluminal impedance‐pH monitoring provides detailed analysis of reflux events, enabling the development of individualized treatment plans, yet cost and availability limit its widespread use. Alginates offer temporary symptom relief and antireflux surgery may provide benefit when symptoms are recalcitrant to other approaches. Pepsin inhibitors hold promise as a medical therapy when surgery is not an option. Laryngeal hypersensitivity should be considered as part of a comprehensive therapeutic approach. Promising medical and scientific research continues to yield new insights into the complex etiology of LPR and novel strategies for its diagnosis and management.
Strength of seasonality and type of migratory cue determine the fitness consequences of changing phenology for migratory animals
Authors: Torstenson Martha , Shaw Allison K.
Published: October 2024

Phenological mismatch has been highlighted as a reason why climate change is causing declines of migratory populations. The likelihood of declines due to phenological mismatch might depend on what cues trigger migration. Migrants that use environmental cues (e.g. temperature, resource availability) to trigger migration are often considered to be less vulnerable than migrants that use temporal information (e.g. photoperiod). We developed a proof‐of‐concept model that demonstrates that which cue type performs better in the context of phenological change can depend on differences in seasonal amplitude between the habitats used by a migrant. Environmental cues perform better than temporal cues when the habitat that undergoes a phenological change has a larger seasonal amplitude. This result aligns with observations that populations of short‐distance migrants that use environmental cues are less likely to decline as a consequence of phenological mismatch than long‐distance avian migrants that use temporal cues. Temporal cues perform better than environmental cues when the habitat that undergoes a phenological change has a smaller seasonal amplitude. This result may correspond to empirical scenarios where the more seasonal habitat is associated with variation in precipitation patterns or human actions that are not changing in phenology. In addition to these results, we offer distinctions that will help clarify future work on phenological mismatch. First, we highlight the difference between the cue accuracy (difference between the timing of migration using the cue and optimal migration timing) and the cue efficacy (the difference between the fitness using the cue and the fitness using optimal migration). Second, we recommend considering both how the benefits available from migrating and the benefits that are captured by migrants change with phenological change.
Effectiveness of Activity Supported Earthquake Awareness Education Program in Primary School Children: “I Know What I Need to Do, I'm Not Falling Even If We Shake” Project
Authors: Kurt Aylin , Doruk Emre , Atsever Sultan , Ate Şeyda
Published: October 2024

Objective

The objective of this study was to enhance the knowledge base of primary school children regarding earthquake preparedness through the implementation of an activity‐based earthquake awareness education program.

Methods

The study was conducted as pre–posttest semi‐experimental design with one group of 333 children in a primary school between January and May 2024. A Descriptive Information Form and Earthquake Awareness Knowledge Level Form were the data collection tools. The children were provided with a 6‐week (modules) education program. Measurements were made before and after the education.

Results

The mean age of the children was 7.16 ± 0.73 years (6–9), 56.8% were girls, 43.2% were boys, and 25.8% were second‐grade children. Earthquake Awareness Knowledge Level Form total score was higher after the education (18.31 ± 1.52) than before (15.51 ± 3.73) (t = −16.144, p < 0.001). The study revealed an increase in children's knowledge regarding appropriate behaviors in the context of earthquakes, encompassing actions to be taken before, during, and after such events.

Conclusion

Modular education and applied activities are effective in increasing children's knowledge levels in the context of teaching a concept such as earthquake preparedness, where the acquisition of life‐based skills is of paramount importance.