MODERN REGULATORY AND ENVIRONMENTAL REQUIREMENTS TO THE RECONSTRUCTION OF QUARTERS OF MASS HOUSING BUILDING 60-70 RR. LARGE AND MEDIUM CITIES OF UKRAINE
Authors: Byvalina Mariia , Vasileva Hanna , Lyutikov Artem , Maliar Vitalii 
Published: April 2023

Solving the issues of complex reconstruction of quarters (microdistricts) of the outdated housing stock on ecological grounds is an urgent task of our time. This article will help to consider the problem of reconstruction of the territories of blocks of mass residential construction in 1960-70 in the cities of Ukraine in accordance with modern regulatory and environmental requirements. The experience of designing and implementing projects of complex reconstruction of blocks of mass residential construction in large and medium-sized cities of Ukraine is studied, in relation to the determination of ecological conditions of urban planning.

The analysis of regulatory and environmental support and project urban planning documentation of the process of reconstruction of blocks of blocks of mass housing construction in the 1960s and 1970s shows the existence of a developed legal framework for the reconstruction of territories built up during this period: the Law of Ukraine "On the comprehensive reconstruction of blocks (microdistricts) of outdated housing stock "; Draft Law of Ukraine "On comprehensive reconstruction of quarters (microdistricts) of outdated housing stock"; Law of Ukraine "On Environmental Impact Assessment"; Law of Ukraine "On the basic principles (strategy) of the state environmental policy of Ukraine for the period until 2030"; Law of Ukraine "On Ensuring Sanitary and Epidemic Welfare of the Population"; DSP 173-96 "State Sanitary Rules for Planning and Development of Settlements"; State building regulations DBN B.2.2-12:2019 "Planning and development of the territory"; State construction regulations DBN A.2.2-1-2003. "Composition and content of environmental impact assessment materials (EIA) in the design and construction of enterprises, buildings and structures", DSTU-N B.B.1.1-10:2010. "Instructions on the implementation of the sections "Protection of the natural environment" in the urban planning documentation. Composition and requirements; DBN V.1.1-31:2013 "Protection of territories, buildings and structures from noise".

The European experience of complex reconstruction of neighborhoods (microdistricts) of an outdated housing stock is based on two interrelated types of restoration activities: firstly, reconstruction of individual buildings; secondly – reconstruction of individual quarters (microdistricts). The practice of the reconstruction of neighborhoods is determined, first of all, by their location in the city structure, the type of planning organization, and the provision of elements of social infrastructure. The analysis of design materials and literary sources showed the existence of three groups of alternative approaches to the reconstruction of the residential environment — restoration, reconstruction, demolition. Practice shows that there are actually three alternative options for carrying out reconstruction measures on the territory of the microdistrict, the expediency of which is determined by the goals set, the nature and scale of the measures, methods and amounts of their financing.

Volumes, methods and technical means of reconstruction of areas of mass residential construction are largely determined by such factors as urban planning conditions - the peculiarities of the location of the area in the planning structure of the city, and the ecological state of the territory. Among the environmental requirements that have the greatest impact on the choice of building reconstruction measures, noise and pollution from transport highways, as well as the conditions of insolation and aeration of the territory stand out.

The ecological conditions of the territories of residential construction in 1960-70 are characterized by an increased level of noise in residential areas, the level of gas pollution from district and city-wide highways, with a normative state of insolation and a low level of aeration of the territory. This trend is likely to continue in the future, which will lead to a further increase in the level of noise and pollution in residential areas due to the increase in traffic flows on the streets due to the increase in traffic lanes. That with a low level of aeration will contribute to an increase in the level of gasification of the territory. This will make it necessary to provide additional measures (including architectural and planning) to improve the noise regime and air cleanliness when choosing reconstructive means. In addition, the prospective level of insolation of the territory will have a significant impact on the number of floors of the building being reconstructed (the choice of which will be largely determined by the current regulatory requirements for the level of insolation of residential buildings and territories). In turn, the level of aeration for the future is determined by the architectural and planning organization of the building (alternation of open and closed spaces in residential buildings).

Spatial organization of the functional and planning elements of the microdistrict must ensure compliance with norms, including in terms of providing the population with favorable conditions of the territory from a complex of climatic factors - regulatory insolation of the territory and buildings; acceptable noise levels for buildings and areas of residential development. Spatial organization of the functional and planning elements of the microdistrict includes the organization of buildings - placement and orientation on the territory of residential and public buildings, that is, the entire set of volumetric buildings, as well as linear (driveways, footpaths), planar buildings (various playgrounds, green spaces, etc.).