bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Crisis conservation and green extraction: biodiversity offsets as spaces of double exception
Authors: Le Billon Philippe
Published: August 2021

Extraction and conservation seem to be polar opposites, yet they entertain multiple relations as the 'greening' of extractive activities mobilizes conservation efforts to address the 'extinction crisis.' Drawing on a review of the literature and two case studies, this article discusses the politics of affinity and enmity shaping the extraction-conservation nexus, and partnerships. As crisis conservation and green extraction receive increased attention, the article suggests that the convergence of extraction and conservation is not only pragmatic, but also reflects shared discursive imaginaries and valuations of nature, practices materialized through spaces of 'double exception', and common politics of enmity directed at local communities that legitimize exclusionary practices rather than solve capitalism's contradictions.
Da imagem criadora bachelardiana à educação imaginativa
Authors: Gomes Ana Laudelina Ferreira
Published: September 2021

O artigo parte da noção de imagem criadora nas duas vias da estética bachelardiana, passando pela crítica ao iconoclasmo ocidental que tem historicamente tratado a imagem como simulacro, mimetismo, reprodução, mostrando como Bachelard vem na contramão dessa concepção redutora, possibilitando-nos compreender que a imagem deve nos fazer imaginar. Por decorrência, uma educação imaginativa nesses moldes teria que partir dessa premissa.
The path of the first female surgeon to open-heart surgery - Nina Starr Braunwald
Authors: Syrgaev Zairbek
Published: August 2021

Nina Starr Braunwald - first female heart surgeon, a pioneer in cardio-thoracic surgery, certified by the American Board of Thoracic Surgery and the first elected to the American Thoracic Surgery Association, a wonderful wife and mother of three daughters, teacher and mentor of several generations of doctors. We will tell everyone about this in more detail in our historical note

Key words: female, heart surgeon; Braunwald-Morrow mitral valve, Braunwald-Cutter valve, mitral valve replacement
Türkiye’de İhracat ile Ekonomik Büyüme Arasındaki Etkileşimin Analizi
Authors: YILGÖR Metehan , KARAHAN Özcan , ÖNDES Hakan
Published: September 2021

İhracat artışının ekonomik büyüme için önemli bir dinamik oluşturduğu görüşü literatürde oldukça geniş bir kabul görmektedir. Keynesyen iktisadın geliştirdiği ihracat dayalı büyüme hipotezine göre ihracat artışı, toplam talepte bir yükseliş sağlayarak çarpan mekanizması sayesinde milli gelir üzerinde olumlu etki oluşturmaktadır. Buna karşılık Klasik iktisadın devamı olarak bazı iktisatçılar ekonomik büyümenin ihracatın çekici gücü olduğu görüşünü savunmaktadır. Çalışmamızda söz konusu görüşler Türkiye ekonomisi tecrübesinden yararlanılarak test edilmiştir. Bunun için 2002-2018 yılları arasındaki çeyrek dönemlik veriler Hatemi-J Eşbütünleşme ve Toda-Yamamoto Nedensellik testleri kullanılarak incelenmiştir. Sonuçlar ihracata dayalı büyüme yaklaşımını doğrulayan dolayısı ile istikrarlı büyüme için ihracatı geliştirici politikaların etkili olacağını ortaya koymuştur.
The Role of Financial Development in the Relationship Between Income Inequality and Economic Growth: Evidence from Method of Moments Quantile Regression
Authors: VAN Muhammed Hanifi
Published: September 2021

This study sheds light on the linear and nonlinear relationship between financial development level and income inequality across 79 countries within a period of 1995 to 2016. To test this relationship panel the Method of Moments Quantile Regression (MMQR), which was recently published by Machado and Silva (2019), has been employed. Besides Pedroni and GUV cointegration tests, FMOLS and DOLS have been administered. Although traditional mean estimators can explain the heterogonous nature of analysed countries, since their results depend on conditional mean they fall short in making the responses heterogonous. In that sense, the effects of specific factors such as financial and economic developments which also impact income inequality have been inspected via MMQR, which also takes into account certain econometric difficulties such as heterogeneity and endogeneity in various quantiles. Compared to other methods, another advantage of MMQR is that by providing information on how explanatory variables can influence the entire conditional distribution, it allows the use of methods only valid in the estimation of conditional means, such as difficulty in noticing heterogeneity and endogeneity problems in panel data models. According to the results obtained from the MMQR model, Greenwood and Jovanovic’s (1990) inverted U hypothesis was accepted only in countries with an inequality income distribution between financial development and income inequality, whereas in counties with equal income distribution the income inequality widening hypothesis was confirmed. According to Panel FMOLS and Panel DOLS and also coefficient estimations, Greenwood and Jovanovic (1990)’s inverted U hypothesis was confirmed in the relationship between financial development and income.
اختصاص مجلس الدولة في تدقيق مشروعات التشريعات
Authors: Sh. Ahmad Bahdeen , A. Saeed Dana
Published: August 2021

التدقيق هي عملية مراجعة لمشروعات التشريعات يتجلى الهدف أو الغرض الاساسي منها في رفع اي تعارض ربما يكون موجوداً بين احكام القانون المراد إقراره وبين أحكام القواعد القانونية الأخرى الموجودة وفي مقدمتها الدستور فهو (المرجع) ويعتبر بمثابة رقابة استباقية تحول دون اصدار قانون غير دستوري، أو لا يراعي مصالح الدول أو الغايات التي تسعى إلى تحقيقيها، ولما كان الأمر كذلك فأن الأمر يتطلب أن تكون الجهة القائمة بهذه العملية على درجة كبيرة بتفاصيل القوانين فضلاً عن توافر المقدرة اللغوية لديهم.
وهذا ومما تجدر الإشارة إليه في هذا الصدد إلى أن عملية التدقيق او المراجعة لا تقتصر على التشريعات الصادرة عن السلطة التشريعية فقط، وإنما تشمل التشريعات الثانوية ايضاً، ويراد بهذا النوع الأخير تلك التشريعات التي تصدر عن السلطة التنفيذية وهي غير مستقلة بذاتها وإنما تتبع القانون الذي تأتي لتنفيذه فلا تتعدى مهمتها الاساسية أو الهدف منها وهو تنفيذ القانون، حيث تخضع هذه التشريعات الثانوية من قبل عدة جهات.
Investigating Built Environment Indicators to Develop a Local Walkability Index
Authors: Tarek Menna , Hassan Ghada Farouk , Elshater Abeer , Elfayoumi Mohamed
Published: August 2021

Many studies have been conducted over the last 20 years to determine and measure factors that affect the walkability of city streets. Walkability is an essential factor in deciding whether a city is green or sustainable. This paper creates a comprehensive walkability index by analysing built environmental indicators that affect walkability. This research was conducted on mixed land use streets in Cairo, Egypt, combining the results from an online survey and a walkability assessment model developed by multi-criteria decision analysis techniques. The results were based on a three-pillar approach starting with the theoretical background to frame the walkability indicator, numerical assessment over the Egyptian cases using a multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) technique and a qualitative user perception survey. Our results confirm that determining to what extent Cairo’s streets are walkable is crucial to enhancing pedestrians’ perceptions of the walking environment. Furthermore, the results illustrated the essential factors within the built environment indicators that influence pedestrian walking behaviour.
Value of Modified Duran’s Test in Clinical Diagnosis of Carpal Tunnel Syndrome
Authors: Qadir Mahdi Kh. , Hasan Kalwuri Samih K.
Published: August 2021

Background: Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) is a medical condition, the most common, most important, and best defined, and the most carefully studied of all nerve entrapment syndromes. Objective: Our study aims to evaluate clinical tests in the diagnosis of CTS with special reference to modified Duran’s test regarding specificity and sensitivity. Patients and Methods: A prospective study carried out on 300 hands in 240 patients with symptomatic CTS was taken, from August 2015 to February 2017, at Erbil Teaching hospital (Orthopedic department). History, clinical examination, and Electrophysiological by Electromyography and Nerve conduction study and 250 persons without symptoms on 300 hands were taken as a controlling group. We applied the five clinical provocative tests on each group, Phalen’s test, Tinal’s test, original Duran’s test, arm Tourniquet test, and Reversed Phalen’s test. In this research, we compared former tests by our test modification (Duran’s test), considering specificity, accuracy, and sensitivity. Results: Findings show that the modified Duran’s test was the most specific (94%), accurate (94%), and sensitive (94%) in comparison with the other provocative tests. The modified Duran test had the highest positivity rate, according to the cases in less than 1-month history of symptoms it reached: 81.8% which was higher than the result of the previous tests in comparison to the previous clinical tests. Its mean time was 11.5 s. Conclusions: Modified Duran’s test was simple, noninvasive, most sensitive, and most specific in comparison to other clinical tests. Furthermore, the reaction time of Modified Duran’s test was the shortest,
Effect of Streptomyces xantholiticus on Rice Blast Disease Reduction and Enzyme Activity
Authors: Awla Hayman K.
Published: August 2021

The rice blast infection triggered by Pyricularia oryzae Cav. is a grave issue restraining rice yields globally. Biological regulation has been seen as an encouraging option to such chemical fungicides. The biological control proficiency of 24 isolates of Streptomyces against P. oryzae (KT693184.1) has been examined. Analysis of defense enzymes such as polyphenol, peroxidase (PO), and total protein and phenol content was performed. The Streptomyces isolate that was determined to have maximum effectiveness was determined to be Streptomyces xantholiticus. The sequence was sent to the NCBI vide accession number MW029942. The S. xantholiticus isolate inhibited P. oryzae 92% using dual culture tests. The greenhouse experiments showed that the disease gravity in rice plants with S. xantholiticus isolate was considerably lower compared to plants sans the treatment. The S. xantholiticus isolate was analyzed for its effects concerning the activity of polyphenol and Po enzymes as well as the total protein content present in rice leaves under greenhouse conditions in both presence and absence of P. oryzae. It was found that rice species treated with the S. xantholiticus isolate had enhanced resistance to the rice blast pathogen along with increasing activity levels of the polyphenol and PO enzymes. There was a direct impact on pathogen growth along with the defense response triggered in the plants as a result of the treatment.
Green Synthesis of Bioactive CuO@Fe3O4@Walnut Shell Nanocomposite Using Crataegus azarolus Var. aronia L. Extract and its Antivasoconstrictive Action on Rat’s Aortic Smooth Muscle
Authors: Mahmud Sarbast A.
Published: August 2021

The antioxidant potential of Crataegus azarolus Var. aronia aqueous extract was used as reducing and stabilizing media to the green synthesis of bioactive CuO@Fe3O4@Walnut shell nanocomposite (NCs). The ability of the plant extract as bioreducing medium was proved using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy. While, the structural identification of synthesized CuO@Fe3O4@Walnut shell NCs was proved using the scanning electron microscopy, electron dispersive spectroscopy, elemental mapping, and point analysis. Then, the antivasoconstriction effects of CuO@Fe3O4@Walnut shell NCs (5*10−2 mg/ml) and (1*10−1 mg/ml) on rats isolated thoracic aortic smooth muscle cells were studied. Green synthesized CuO@Fe3O4@Walnut shell NCs showed effective antivasoconstriction activity against norepinephrine (NE) (1*10−9–10−4 M) induced contraction in endothelium-intact and endothelium-denuded rats aortic smooth muscle. In conclusion, the aqueous extract of C. aronia acts as potential reducing and stabilizing media to the green synthesis of bioactive CuO@Fe3O4@Walnut shell NCs and the NCs play an important role against contractile effects of NE on rats’ aortic smooth muscle.
Delay in Construction Projects due to Lack of Procurement in Sulaimani
Authors: Abdullah Atta K. , Shonm Payjor A.
Published: August 2021

The study was conducted to find the effect of procurement unit (PU) on the performance of institutions that are under the government’s ministries. The study concluded that the constructional sectors that had PU offered more capable services by a relative important index (RII) proportion of 85%. The practical part of the study was done through a questionnaire that was distributed among 10 professional managers, who had actual experience in the process of constructional duties. The study was conducted on the percentage of each category factor that affected the PU. The theoretical part proved that a lack of management was the most sensitive factor with a frequency proportion of 11.6%.
In vitro Antibacterial Activity of Mentha spicata Essential Oil against Some Pathogenic Bacteria
Authors: Othman Sara I. , Kamel Fouad H.
Published: August 2021

Mentha spicata (M. spicata) is within family Lamiaceae that spreads mainly in the temperate and subtemperate zones of the world. It is considered as a good source of essential oils (EOs), which is widely used in food production and pharmaceutical industries. The aim of the current study is to evaluate antibacterial activities associated with the EO of M. spicata cultivated in Iraq-Erbil city. The aerial parts of M. spicata were subjected to hydro distillation to extract the oil. Antimicrobial potential was tested against many microorganisms, signifying Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria. EO of M. spicata demonstrated antimicrobial activities with best susceptibility observed for Gram-negative bacteria toward the oil. The results suggest that EO of M. spicata may have potential value as antibacterial activities.
Experimental Investigation of the Hydroxy Gas Generation as a Clean Energy Source for Spark Ignition Engine Operation Using Different Electrolytes
Authors: Sharif Yousef A. , Jasim Saad S. , Khalefa Rafeq A. , Taher Shivan J.
Published: August 2021

The main objective of this research is to generate the hydrogen gas as a fuel and part of hydroxy gas (HHO) from the drinking water (H2O) using electrolyzing method with a different electrolytes such as sodium hydroxide (NaOH), sodium carbonate (Na2CO3), and Vinegar in HHO generator for best results, the practical examinations were done by a generator that designed and built for this purpose using plate electrodes, with a rechargeable 12-volt battery and the produced gas was measured at each case and used as a fuel for operating a small single-cylinder spark-ignition engine (Honda G 200) with taking into account the safety precautions. The results show that increasing the ratio of (NaOH) grams/liter of H2O increases the gas production, while the other two electrolytes (Na2CO3 and vinegar) are not effecting too much, and using the mixing procedure (%) of the electrolytes (NaOH with Na2CO3) and (Na2CO3 with Vinegar), it is observed that the HHO generation noticeable increases with increasing the mixing ratio of the first mixture and not too much with the second.
Prevalence of Root Canal Configuration of Mandibular Second Molar Using Cone-Beam Computed Tomography in a Sample of Iraqi Patients
Authors: Khidir Hiwa S. , Dizayee Saud J. , Ali Sangar H.
Published: August 2021

Introduction: The purpose of this study was to find out the prevalence of C-shaped canals configurations in mandibular 2nd molar and to investigate the gender prevalence. Materials and Methods: A sample of 1200 patients’ cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans were screened and evaluated by a maxillofacial radiologist assessed the axial, sagittal, and coronal sections. Inclusion criteria applied to 801 patients (452 females and 349 male) aged 14–75 years were included in this study with total of 1567 mandibular 2nd molar was evaluated. Inclusion criteria: Available CBCT images of mandibular posterior teeth with at least one mandibular 2nd molar in the scan, absence of root canal treatment, absence of coronal or post coronal restorations, absence of root resorption or periapical lesions, and high-quality images. Canal configuration was classified by criteria’s which described by Fan et al. (2004): (i) Fused roots, (ii) a longitudinal groove on the buccal or lingual surface of the root, and (iii) at least one cross-section of the canal belongs to the C1, C2, or C3 configuration. Results: Considering 801 patients, 97 (12.1%) patients females 57 (7.1%) and 40 (5%) males had a C-shaped canal with no statistical difference between females and males (P > 0.05). Conclusion: The occurrence of C- shaped canal mandibular 2nd molar is approximately 12.1% and no significant difference was found by gender.
Management of Flabby Ridges using Liquid Supported Denture
Authors: Abdulkareem Hawraz S. , Salem Salem A.
Published: August 2021

The concept of conditioning edentulous ridge mucosa has gained momentum over the last several years. Frequent relining of the complete denture may be required because of soft tissue changes arising from underlining bone resorption. Patients with the maxillary flabby ridge had difficulty in tolerating hard denture, inadequate retention, and stability of a complete denture are often encountered, so the denture can be made more comfortable using soft liner. Hardening of the soft liner with time, harboring of bacteria, and debonding from denture base is a major drawback of soft lining materials. Introduction of liquid-supported dentures, to be an alternative to conventional complete denture prosthesis in cases suffered from inflamed tissues and severely resorbed edentulous ridges. A liquid supported denture provides an alternate treatment option due to its soft and flexible intaglio surface allows better distribution of masticatory load stress since in such cases. Liquid supported acrylic complete denture can be useful as a permanent solution in edentulous patients with the atrophied ridge. Liquid supported denture could be a useful alternative for soft relining materials.
Knowledge and Practices of Mothers about Diarrhea in Children Under Three Years Old in Heevi Pediatric Teaching Hospital in Duhok City
Authors: Saadallah Omed S. , Saido Gulistan A.
Published: August 2021

Background and Objectives: Diarrheal disease is the second important reason of death in children under 5 years old and is responsible for killing around 760,000 children every year. Diarrhea can last for several days and it can leave the body without the water and salts that are necessary for survival. Most people who die from diarrhea actually die from severe dehydration and fluid loss. The aim of this study is to assess the relationship between mother’s knowledge and their practice about diarrhea in children <3 years old. Research Methodology: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 50 children with diarrheal episodes attending inpatient word. A set of questionnaires from previous studies was adopted and modified to assess the relationship between mother’s knowledge and their practice about diarrhea in children less than 3 years old in Heevi Pediatric Teaching Hospital in Duhok City. Results: More than half of participants (68%) had poor knowledge, though; the 32% had good knowledge. In terms of mother’s practice, most of the participants (64%) had poor mother practice; whereas, only 36% were good mother practice. However, there was a negative correlation between mother knowledge and mother practice (P ≤ 0.001). Conclusions: The findings of the study indicate that due to lack of knowledge and poor practice about management of diarrhea the children were suffering from many complications. Relevance to clinical practice: Nurse educators have a significant role in providing health education to mothers about diarrhea in children.
Procalcitonin as New Proinflammatory Marker in Burn Patients
Authors: Khaleel Amer A. , Al-Barzinji Ruqaya M.
Published: August 2021

Procalcitonin (PCT) is a 116 amino acid peptide with a sequence identical to that of prohormone of calcitonin but devoid of hormonal activity. The aim of this study was to determine PCT and it using as a new prognostic pro-inflammatory marker in burn patients and determine the role of PCT level as a mortality indicator in survival and non-survival burn patients. The burn patients in this study were divided into four groups according to the percentage of total body surface area burned carry out on (50) burn patients admitted to the burn unit in West Erbil Emergency Hospital in Erbil governorate and (20) apparently the healthy non-burn individuals who regarded as healthy control group (HC) in this study from February 2012 to April 2012. Out of 50 burnt patients, 20 patients were second sampled to follow-up their immune profile. Regarding PCT there were significant differences (P < 0.05) observed between the mean serum concentration of PCT belong to 18 burn patients of 1st group (G1) (1.24 ± 0.82), 23 patients of 2nd group (G2) (1.52 ± 0.76), six patients of 3rd group (G3) (2. 16 ± 0.11), and three burn patients of 4th group (G4) (6.5 ± 2.87) with mean serum concentration of 18 HC (0.02 ± 0.006). Significant differences obtained when compared to G3 (2.16 ± 0.11) versus G4 (6.5 ± 2.87) using the F-test and t-test. Results show that PCT is a highly productive laboratory parameter involving an easy and rapid beside test for diagnosis and prognosis mortality in burn patients.
Impact of Solubility Enhancement Methods on the Dissolution Rate of Valsartan Sachet
Authors: Abdalla Anjam H. , Hagop Anoosh B. , Boya Dina A.
Published: August 2021

The oral drug delivery is the most generally used route of administration that has been explored for the delivery of drugs through various pharmaceutical products. Solubility of drug plays critical role in achieving the optimum therapeutic levels of the drug in blood and thus bioavailability. There are many drugs of various therapeutic categories fall in Biopharmaceutics Classification System Classes II and IV as they lack solubility. For all these drugs, dissolution is the big issue for the absorption process. Valsartan is an effective antihypertensive agent and it can be used for the treatment of hypertension in most cases. The objective of this study is to prepare Valsartan as an oral sachet which can be used as an alternative dosage form after improvement of drug solubility using solubilizing agents such as sodium lauryl sulfate and tween 80. Three different formulas of Valsartan sachet were prepared by conventional technique of wet granulation method named conventional formula (Fc), sodium lauryl sulfate formula (Fs), and tween 80 formula (Ft) then compared with the available marketed product of Valsartan tablet (Fd) as a reference. The preformulations studies were conducted to exclude drug excipients interaction. Evaluation was performed in terms of weight variation, dose content uniformity, and drug release study using dissolution test apparatus. Fourier Transforms Infrared Spectroscopy reveals no drug excipient interaction and the drug release profile for Fs and Ft formulas within 30 min was 100.16% and 104.16%, respectively, while for Fc only 57.55% of the drug was released. This difference in the release profile was statistically significant (P < 0.05) between Fs and Ft with Fc, but a non- significant difference (P > 0.05) was observed between Fs and Ft with the marketed Valsartan tablet (Fd). The results support the possibility of using the prepared formulas Fs and Ft as a Valsartan sachet for the oral administration alternative to conventional Valsartan tablets Fd.
Assessment of Mother’s Knowledge Regarding Child Millstone Development in Daratoo Health Centre/Erbil City
Authors: Saadi Hanaa O.
Published: August 2021

Children’s health is considered as an investment and wealth in society. (Engle et al., 2011) Interventions during first 5 years is golden period because of gains in physical and psychological development, is considered as one of the effective factors in the disease prevention and health promotion. (Campbell et al., 2014). According to the World Health Organization, all parents need information on healthy child development. In addition, mothers’ knowledge is one of the important aspects of child nurturing. This perspective study conducted on mother’s knowledge regarding child millstone development at Daratoo Medical Health care center in Erbil city of Kurdistan region of Iraq. Data were collected during September 12, 2019–March 12, 2020. A convenient random sampling was used to choose 100 Mothers who visited at Daratoo Medical Health care center for Medical seeking. Regarding inclusion and exclusion criteria; inclusion criteria were mothers who have children <15 years old visited health center and who did consent informed. This research studied that most of Kurdish mothers had poor knowledge regarding child millstone development including all domains (social, language, gross, and fine motor). This study concluded that mother’s level of education, types of family, and mother occupation has a vital role regarding mother’s knowledge toward child millstone development. That mean the older aged other with high level of education and high parity have a good knowledge about children development.
Determination of Level of Serum Iron among Routine Iron Supplemented Pregnant Women Attending Private Clinic in Sulaimani City, Kurdistan-Iraq
Authors: Weli Sardar M. , Shareef Osama H. , Qadir Syamand A.
Published: August 2021

Iron deficiency, with or without anemia, is common in pregnant women and more than half of the anemia’s in the world are due to the deficiency of iron in the serum. The aims of this study were to determine the percentage and level of serum iron among iron supplemented pregnant women in different trimesters and in different age groups among supplemented pregnant women in Sulaimani city. This study was carried out in the private clinic in the Sulaimani city-Kurdistan Region of Iraq. The pregnant women were participated and enrolled between the first of December 2018 and first of December 2019. Two hundred and seventy-five healthy and iron supplemented pregnant women were selected randomly and the questionnaire form, which contains information about age of mothers and their gestational age, was filled and serum iron level was measured by COBAS C111 analyzer. The results of this study found that the percentage of iron deficiency among participants was high 33%, 45%, and 52.6 % in the first trimester in different age groups <25, 25–35, and above 35 years old, respectively. However, in the third trimesters decreased to 12.5%, 7.1%, and 3.7% in <25, 25–35, and above 35 years old, respectively. Regarding serum iron levels, the present study found that there were significant differences between ages 25 and 35 with age <25 years. However, there was no significant difference between first, second, and third trimesters. This study concludes that the percentage of iron deficiency among supplemented pregnant women was high compared to other cities or other countries. Pregnant women who their ages <25 are at risk of serum iron deficiency. On the other hand, pregnancy trimesters had no effects on the serum iron level among supplemented pregnant women.
Study of Microwave Technique in Hot Pepper Seed by Different Solvents with an Assessing Antioxidant and Antibacterial Properties
Authors: Balaky Holem H. , Galali Yaseen , Karaoğul Eyyüp , Altuntaş Ertuğrul , Rasol Nabil H. , Mustafa Adnan A.
Published: August 2021

Chili pepper seed (CPS) is rich in nutrients and phytochemical particularly oil which could possess antimicrobial and antioxidant properties. Using novel techniques such as microwave assisted extraction (MAE) with solvents could be useful to extract these materials. The objectives of this study are to develop and evaluate antioxidants (and antibacterial activities of the hot seed pepper oil extracts using both water and ethanol solvents with MAE as novel techniques in relation to its ability to extract antioxidant and antibacterial compounds. Chili pepper seed (CPS) was obtained from the Kahramanmaraş, Turkey. CPS was extracted with water and ethanol and assessed for anti-oxidants activity via assessing total tannin, total phenol, total flavonoid and total anthocyanin and antimicrobial properties via assessing inhibition zone and minimum inhibitory concentration. Both yield extraction and total anthocyanin values extracted with water were 38.4 and 40.075% respectively and are higher significantly (p<0.01) higher than ethanolic extraction. On the other hand,   total tannin, total phenol and total flavonoid values were 0.0575, 1.80700 and 0.26350 μM respectively which were significantly (p<0.01) higher with ethanol extraction. Ethanol had the greater free radical scavenging activity (IC 50 µg/ml) and more close standard butylated hydroxytoluene. Antimicrobial results indicated that water extracts was more effective against Staphylococcus aureus Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Enterococcus faecalis, Enterobacter aerogenes up to 24mm inhibition zone but, it is dose dependent. CPS oil extracts could be used as source of antimicrobial and antioxidants compounds with the aid of MAE. Ethanol has better yield and anthocyanin extraction and Free radical, whereas water extraction has effective antimicrobial activity.
Numerical Evaluation of Settlement of Strip Footing Resting on Cavity and Weak Soil Profile
Authors: Hussain Mohammed S.
Published: August 2021

This study numerically investigates the effects of different subsurface sources of weaknesses within a soil profile on the settlement of a strip footing using the finite element method (FEM). During the first phase of the study, the influences of size, shape, depth, and distance of cavity from the center of the footing are evaluated. It is noted that the settlement of foundation is increased when the cavity is located at smaller depths and closer to its center. It is concluded that there is a critical zone, where the risk level of settlement (especially differential settlement) due to the cavity is high. The depth of this critical zone is found to be 2.5B (where B is the width of the footing) below the simulated loading area. In the second phase of the study, increasing the degree of weakness of a certain low stiffness layer within the soil profile below the loaded area is simulated as another factor that increases the settlement risks. It is shown that the depth of this weak layer highly controls the settlement of footing even if it is situated at depths >2.5B.
BUSINESS PROCESS MODELING AND DESIGN OF THE POLYCLINIC DOCUMENT MANAGEMENT AUTOMATION SYSTEM
Authors:   Omsk State Technical University, Omsk, Russia, Gavrilova E. A. , Fedorov I. V. ,   Omsk State Technical University, Omsk, Russia
Published: August 2021

This article discusses the relevance of document flow automation in the medical field. The modeling of business processes of the subject area using the CASE tool AllFusion Process Modeler has been performed. An architectural description of the document management system of a medical institution is given. The architecture design was carried out using the unified modeling language UML.
In-silico Analysis of Evolution of Plant Polyamine Oxidases
Authors: Pratheek H.P. , Manikanta N. , Shashidhara K.S. , Kanavi M.S.P.
Published: September 2021

Amino oxidase enzymes have attractive role in programmed cell death. Full length amino acid sequences of 46 polyamino oxidases (PAO) and 8 diamino oxidases (DAO) were retrieved from major sequence repositories. Sequences were obtained using combination of queries based on key terms and BLASTp searches. The PAOs belong to 21 and DAOs belong to 5 families. Multiple sequence alignment of amino-acid sequences identified the conserved residues to be Glycine, Glutamic acid, Alanine, Arginine, Tryptophan, Proline, Valine, Leucine, Phenylalanine, Tyrosine and Lysine. Glycine is most conserved followed by glutamic acid and proline. The phylogenetic analysis revealed the three main nodes/clades A, B and C. Clade C containing highest number of PAO species was followed by clade B. Clade A mostly contains tree species PAOs. Similar trend has been observed for DAOs. PAO and DAO genes of plants including Arabidopsis thaliana, Brachipodium, Glycin max, Oryza sativa present on different chromosomes. Comparative modelling was done to build 3D structure of the PAO and DAO from A. thaliana. In the Ramachandran plot, more than 90% residues were in most allowed regions. DAOs are mostly located in lysosomes and vacuoles in the cell and are in soluble form. PAOs located in cytoplasm and peroxisomes are in soluble form.
Review on Emerging from SARSCoV to SARSCoV-2: Important Approach in Prevention and Control
Authors: Savaner Varsha , Billore Vandita
Published: September 2021

Emerging infectious diseases such H1N1, MERS-CoV and severe acute respiratory diseases are now major threats to public. Currently world is facing new threat and public emergency worldwide due to novel corona virus or Covid 2019. All of these viral diseases are a consequence of a zoonotic event and have affected millions of people around the world, some of which have resulted in high rates of morbidity/mortality in humans. The most recent zoonotic transmission SARSCoV-2 caused a great impact on the health care systems and economy around the world and affected common habits and life styles of humans. Here in this review study we will provide data and future aspects of corona virus with emergence risk factor assessment, stopping spread, therapeutic option, ongoing clinical trial and prepare future plans for control and preventing the virus spread by learning the biology by other severe acute respiratory syndrome virus (SARS).
Cultivation and extraction of omega 3-6 fatty acids from the heterotrophic marine microalga Schizochytrium mangrovei TB17 to make a functional food
Authors: Le Thi Thom , Dang Diem Hong
Published: September 2021

The objective of this study was to investigate the different fermentation conditions for Schizochytrium mangrovei TB17 biomass production rich in omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids to determine the optimal conditions for bio-oil extraction from the algal biomass and to study the pharmacological effects of this bio-oil in experimental animal models. After 108 h of fed-batch fermentation, the cell density, dry biomass, lipid contents and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) contents reached 392.53±3.89×106 cells/mL, 100.41±3.17 g/L, 41.04±0.87% dry cell weight (DCW) and 33.33±1.96% total fatty acids (TFAs) respectively. The in situ transesterification producing bio-oil rich in omega 3-6 fatty acids from the biomass of the TB17 strain reached a yield of TFAs of 45.02±1.37% DCW. The yields of PUFAs and SFAs were 30.02±0.38% and 69.98±0.53% of TFA respectively. The bio-oil mainly contains DHA and EPA accounting for 74.04±0.25% and 10.97±0.43% of the TFAs respectively. The bio-oil met the Vietnam food safety standard. According to the results of the acute in mice and the subchronic oral toxicity in rats for 90 days, the bio-oil rich in omega 3-6 fatty acids is safe and has the ability to improve memory and learning ability in mice which can be made functional food oil capsules for human.
Prevalence of Multi-Drug-Resistant bacterial strains in agricultural soils of Haryana, India
Authors: Mann Avantika , Rana J.S. , Nehra Kiran , Sharma Gaurav , . Twinkle
Published: September 2021

Due to continuous misuse or overuse of antibiotics for various purposes in farm animals, the present century has witnessed a rapid increase in the prevalence of multi-drug-resistant bacterial strains specifically in the soil ecosystems throughout the world. In view of this significant fact, the present study was designed to assess the prevalence and spread of antibiotic-resistant-bacteria in agricultural soils of Haryana State in India. For this, a total of 135 bacteria were isolated from the soils of organic and conventional farms spread throughout the State. All the isolates were tested for antibiotic resistance. It was observed that 53.33%, 2.96%, 17.77% and 16.29% of the total isolates were resistant to penicillin, tetracycline, streptomycin and erythromycin respectively. A total of 13 isolates exhibiting resistance to either four or any three antibiotics up to a concentration of 25µg/ml were considered as multi-drug-resistant. Further, 16S rRNA sequences were obtained. The distance matrix and the phylogenetic tree of the selected thirteen sequences was constructed. From the results, it was observed that multi-drug-resistant strains were obtained predominantly from the agricultural soils taken from organic farms while majority of isolates from conventional agricultural farm soils represented resistance against either a single, or up to two antibiotics.
Resiliencia y discapacidad de los estudiantes de la carrera de Trabajo Social de la Universidad Técnica de Manabí
Authors: Moreira Chica Tatiana Katiuska , Vélez García Evelyn Michelle , Romero Chávez Sandra Auxiliadora
Published: September 2021

La resiliencia en los estudiantes con discapacidad es de suma importancia, puesto que les permite afrontar las adversidades en el proceso de formación en la educación superior, por lo que requieren de entornos positivos que motiven y contribuyan al logro de sus metas. El objetivo de este proceso investigativo consistió en determinar la resiliencia y tipo de discapacidad de los estudiantes de la Carrera de Trabajo Social de la Universidad Técnica de Manabí. El desarrollo de la investigación fue de tipo no experimental, el cual se apoyó en el método analítico, estadístico, descriptivo y bibliográfico; así mismo se aplicó el método lógico científico: inductivo-deductivo, con enfoque cuali-cuantitativo; se utilizó la técnica de la encuesta y como instrumento la ficha de encuesta, considerando las fuentes interactivas de la resiliencia y las dimensiones de la escala validada de SV-RES, la misma que fue aplicada a 30 estudiantes con discapacidad de la Carrera de Trabajo Social de la UTM. Los resultados evidenciaron que los estudiantes sujetos de estudio de la Carrera de Trabajo Social tienen diferentes tipos de discapacidad y su resiliencia para afrontar adversidades es una capacidad desarrollada, debido a que la mayoría afirma poseer factores resilientes “yo soy, yo tengo y yo puedo” considerando las dimensiones de la escala validada de SV-RES, para lo cual cuentan con el apoyo de personas que constituyen su entorno como la familia, amigos, compañeros, docentes, Unidad de inclusión, Universidad Técnica de Manabí y Programas de bienestar del Estado ecuatoriano.
Revisiting the Bach: A model for New Zealand's coastal holiday communities
Authors:   , Cunningham Luke
Published: August 2021

The original holiday architecture of New Zealand’s coastline has faded from the nation’s memory. The bach was once an icon of national culture; it represented a simple, easy-going lifestyle that many aspired to adopt during holidays and on weekends. As some may remember, the bach was a small building that facilitated the very basics of life in a coastal context. It was small, in-expensive, and built with a strong sense of its surroundings.

Regulation around building code compliance and resource management have slowly seen the coastal landscape change. Second homes are now required to be built professionally, usually on privately developed land. Subdivisions filled with luxurious beach houses now overwhelm the natural environment, as land-owners compete for their slice of sea-side paradise.

This research aims to challenge the status quo by looking to the modest baches of the past for architectural solutions. Research into the bach typology uncovered what made them so treasured as holiday facilitators; whilst a model of shared land ownership addressed issues surrounding the planning of coastal buildings. A master planned community located in the Coromandel Peninsula at Waikawau Bay was developed to join these two facets together. As one of the last undeveloped beaches on the Peninsula, Waikawau presented a unique context for this research.

Data-collection on historic bach buildings was completed through the method of Thematic Analysis. Following this; research through design reintroduced the architectural qualities of the bach to a contemporary context. The results showed that through shared-ownership models, the Coromandel Coast could continue to be developed and even densified through new planning methods and revised architectural design. These results suggest that future development of our coastlines can still occur, but new ideas about the planning and ownership of holiday towns are required; ideas that should be fore fronted by community and place, to sustain and enhance the coastal landscape.
Eco-urban Nexus
Authors:   , Burns Sarah
Published: August 2021

Urban environments in Aotearoa, New Zealand, face a series of challenges regarding the effects of climate change and urbanisation on ecosystems and human wellbeing. As a result of expansive urbanisation during the mid-19th century, the reshaping of natural landscapes saw the destruction of critical indigenous ecologies, causing ecological degradation and biodiversity loss and severely impacting people’s wellbeing; physically, mentally, and spiritually.

The way we continue to live in and build cities is causing further ecological degradation through overconsumption and pollution, which contributes to the current climate crisis, and leads to storm surge events and sea-level rise, among other direct negative impacts.

Porirua, New Zealand is no exemption to this condition. Its existing urban infrastructure and continued urban development to accommodate an expanding population are causing several environmental and social issues relating to ecosystem degradation. Regular flood events demonstrate the city’s inability to cope with storm water surges, which will only continue as the effects of climate change intensify (Daysh, 2019).

How might urban environments adapt to and mitigate climate change impacts affecting ecosystems and human wellbeing in a way which preserves social and cultural identities?

This thesis argues that a potential solution to address these issues is through increasing human-nature connections in the built environment at a range of scales and across disciplines. This research will test how biophilic design interventions (those related to increasing human/nature connections) could transform a city into a more livable, resilient place of wellbeing for a growing population. Challenging the typical juncture of ocean and land in an urban setting, The research reimagines Porirua as a ‘city on a wetland’ through a speculative biophilic design experiment ,exploring how architecture might respond to dynamic landscape conditions. Theories of biophilia are studied for their related effects on improved human cognitive, psychological and physiological wellbeing, creating anew typology for civic space which marries culture, environment and architecture.
Infant-feeding practices in Al-Ain, United Arab Emirates
Authors: Osman N. A. , El Sabban F. F.
Published: August 2021

A survey was conducted to study the practices of infant-feeding and the influencing factors in Al-Ain, United Arab Emirates. It involved 375 mothers of different nationalities and backgrounds and 300 healthy infants. The mothers were interviewed at four primary health care clinics in Al-Ain. Results showed that 46% of infants were breastfed for 4-6 months. The mother’s nationality and her educational status were significant influences on the mother’s decision to exclusively breast-feed the infant, for how long and when to introduce supplementary food. Fresh cow and goat milk were the most common supplements. Inclusion of baby formula as a supplement generally occurred early, perhaps because of advertising and the affluence in Al-Ain
Setting the scene for an ARI control programme: is it worthwhile in Saudi Arabia?
Authors: Khoja T. A. , Al Mohammad K. K. , Aziz K. M.
Published: August 2021

Baseline data on acute respiratory infections [ARI] were collected by a survey questionnaire distributed to physicians of 10% of the health centres randomly selected from each of the five provinces of Saudi Arabia. The physicians estimated that ARI was the cause of sickness in 50% of ill children < 5 years in 1995. None of the physicians had had any training in ARI and they were not aware of any national protocol or programme. Physicians’ responses indicated an over-use of antibiotics and diagnostic procedures. A national protocol for diagnosis and treatment of ARI has been prepared and distributed and leaders of primary health care and 55 national trainers have been trained
Routine urine analysis in university candidates: is it worthwhile?
Authors: Khallid N. S. , Haddad F. H.
Published: August 2021

The study aimed to investigate the abnormalities in urine analysis in university candidates. A total of 247 students [150 males, 97 females][mean age 20.08 years]had a medical check-up including urine analysis. In all, 38 urine samples had abnormalities [one or more abnormality/urinalysis]. Pyuria was found in 20 students [8.1%], haematuria in 15 [6.1%], albuminuria in 12 [4.8%]and casts in 9 [3.6%]. No glycosuria was found. Bacteria were found in 22 students [8.9%]and yeasts in two [0.8%]. Urinalysis is warranted as a routine test in university students because of the percentage of abnormalities found and its importance in disease surveillance. However, it should not be a criterion for refusal by universities
Psychiatric morbidity in primary care
Authors: Al Haddad M. K. , Al Garf A. , Al Jowder S. , Al Zurba F. I.
Published: August 2021

The prevalence of hidden psychiatric morbidity was assessed using the General Health Questionnaire [GHQ]and Hospital Anxiety Depression Scale [HAD]. A total of 149 Bahraini patients aged > or = 16 years were selected randomly from those attending primary health care centres for problems other than psychiatric illness. The prevalence of psychiatric morbidity using GHQ was 45.1% [cut-off > or = 5]and 27.1% [cut-off > or = 9]. Using the HAD scale, the prevalence was 44.4% [cut-off > or = 8]and 23.6% [cut-off > or = 11]. Psychiatric morbidity was more common in women aged 50-55 years, in divorcees or widows and in lesser educated patients. Either instrument could be used to diagnose psychiatric illness
Psychotropic drugs prescriptions in Al-Qassim Region, Saudi Arabia
Authors: Al Ghamd Y. S. , Qureshi N. A. , Abdel Ghadir M. H. , Al Habeeb T. A. , Ahmad S. A.
Published: August 2021

Psychotropic drugs prescriptions for patients attending psychiatric outpatient clinics were studied. Of the 52, 168 prescriptions written in 1996, 18, 265 were systematically, randomly selected and evaluated. Incomplete prescriptions were found; the data missing included duration of treatment [18.75%], sex [9.25%], age [8.75%]and diagnosis [7.50%]. Antipsychotics [33.1%], antidepressants [23.2%], anticholinergics [22.0%]and anticonvulsants [12.9%]were the most frequently prescribed drugs. Polypharmacy [85%]was the predominant mode of practice. The most common diagnoses were mood [23.1%], anxiety [17.7%]and schizophrenic [16.2%]disorders. Medical education and quality monitoring programmes are suggested to improve the quality of psychotropic prescriptions and modify multiple pharmacotherapy practice
Risk factors of coronary heart disease: attitude and behaviour in family practice in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Khattab M. S. , Abolfotouh M. A. , Alakija W. , Al Humaidi M. A. , Al Wahat S.
Published: August 2021

To study risk factors of attitudes and behaviour towards coronary heart disease [CHD], 280 Saudis > or = 20 years attending a family practice answered a structured health and lifestyle questionnaire and had their weight, height, blood pressure and random total cholesterol measured. Significant difference was found between males and females in the mean number of cardiovascular risk factors [t = -3.03, P < 0.01]. Few people with high dietary fat intake, obesity or physical inactivity perceived their behaviour as harmful. The number of people who perceived an associated risk to their health increased with incidence of smoking and obesity but not with high fat intake. Physically inactive people were least likely to perceive their behaviour as harmful