bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Phytochemical and Ethnopharmacological Review of Till Safeed (Sesamum indicum Linn.)
Authors: Shah Hayder Ali , Tikoo Ajay Kumar , Khan Sabiha
Published: September 2024

Within the management of health care, the traditional system of medicine remains indispensable. The Unani system of medicine treats a variety of illnesses with a range of medications derived from plants. Historically, people have utilized sesamum indicum seeds as a medicinal ingredient. Various parts of the plant have been used by traditional physicians. However, the dried seed and oil are commonly used as Till in Unani Medicine. The plant has a very long history of use as a medicinal herb. It can be used on its own or in compound pharmacopeial compositions with other medications. Till Safeed is an annual plant of family Pedaliaceae and this review article aims to describe morphological characteristics, phytochemistry, ethnobotanical uses and therapeutic properties of Till Safeed. So that subsequent study on any novel therapeutic activity based on phytochemistry can be conducted with greater simplicity and to support the revalidation of the drug's scientifically claimed actions as mentioned in classical literatures. We systematically searched classical Unani literature, online data sources (PubMed, Google scholar, Elsevier, Science Direct and Research Gate) and offline encyclopaedia and books on medicinal plants for the relevant data on Till Safeed. Polyunsaturated fatty acids, phytosterols, tocopherols, essential minerals, and a special class of phenylpropanoid chemicals called lignans—which include sesamin, sesamol, and sesamolin—are among the bioactive ingredients found in till seeds. The pharmacological characteristics of sesame lignans include. Antioxidant, antibacterial, antiproliferative, cholesterol-lowering, hepatic fatty acid oxidation enzyme-increasing, and anti-hypertensive properties.
Keywords: Sesamum indicum, Unani Medicine, phytochemistry, sesamin, sesamolin.
EFFECT OF INTERMAXILLARY FIXATION ON BIOCHEMICAL AND BLOOD MARKERS IN A SAMPLE OF YEMENI ADULTS
Authors: Homaid Waleed Abdullah Hossin Ahmed , Nasher Akram Thabet , Al-Shamahy Hassan Abdulwahab , Ahmed Saleem Taher Ali , Mabkhout Ahmed Nasser Ali , Khalid Basheer Saeed Mohammed , Al-Ankoshy Azhar Azher Mohammed
Published: September 2024

Background: Intermaxillary fixation is a technique that is used in the treatment of jaw fractures, orthognathic surgery, temporomandibular joint disorders, and occasionally morbid obesity. However, it disrupts normal nutrition, leading to weakened immunity, impaired healing, and higher complication risks, negatively impacting treatment outcomes and patient recovery. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate the physiological changes in a sample of Yemeni patients following four weeks of IMF treatment.
Materials and Methods: A study involving ten Yemeni adults underwent intermaxillary fixation for mandibular fractures. Parameters like body weight, lipid profile, liver function tests, kidney function tests, electrolytes, and hemoglobin levels were analyzed before and after treatment at a central blood bank.
Results: The majority of patients were male (80.0%) and aged between 25 and 35 years, and the majority had a unilateral mandibular body fracture (50%). Clinical results after 4 weeks of intermaxillary fixation demonstrated significant reductions in body weight (4.2 kg) and BMI (1.0 kg/m2). post-IMF application, lipid profile analysis showed non-significant changes in total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein levels, low-density lipoprotein, and triglycerides (p>0.05), liver function tests exhibited significant decreases in AST (7.7 µ/l, p=0.044), kidney function tests and electrolyte analysis revealed non-significant changes, and there were significant reductions in T.WBC (2.48 x 10⁹/L) and neutrophils (19.5%) after IMF (p=0.007).
Conclusions: Intermaxillary fixation in Yemeni adults leads to weight loss and changes in liver and blood parameters, indicating its systemic effects. These findings highlight the importance of nutritional support and close monitoring during IMF treatment to mitigate malnutrition risks and optimize healing outcomes.
                 
Peer Review History:
Received 21 May 2024;   Reviewed 15 July 2024; Accepted 25 August; Available online 15 September 2024
Academic Editor: Dr. Marwa A. A. Fayed, University of Sadat City, Egypt, maafayed@gmail.com
Average Peer review marks at initial stage: 6.0/10
Average Peer review marks at publication stage: 7.0/10
Reviewers:
Prof. Abdulwahab Ismail Al-kholani, Dean of Faculty of Dentistry at 21 September University, Yemen. prof_khholani@yahoo.com
Dr. George Zhu, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, sansan4240732@163.com
THE IMPACT OF DRUG COST ON MEDICATION ADHERENCE IN NIGERIA: A PERCEPTION AMONG PHARMACISTS
Authors: Amaechi Victor Chikaodiri , Ugboma Evaristus Jideofor , Asumah Onyeka Milicent , Usman Fadilulahi Ayokunle , Nwiyi Chimaobi Jude , Urom-Ndubuisi Chiagozie Urom , Igwe Chibuike Solomon , Obi Doris Mesomachukwu , Okunade John Olusegun , Okon Deborah
Published: September 2024

Background: Given Nigeria's huge economic instability, medication expenses may significantly impact medication adherence, creating a barrier to the treatment of various ailments. The study aimed to assess pharmacists' perceptions about the impact of drug costs on medication adherence in Nigeria.
Methods: The study was cross-sectional among practicing pharmacists across Nigeria. The 25 items semi-structured questionnaire was administered online using simple random sampling with the snowballing technique to recruit the pharmacists for the study. The collected data was coded into Microsoft Excel 2016 and subsequently analyzed using IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 21.0 (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY, USA). Descriptive statistics were utilized to summarize the data, providing an overview of the demographic characteristics and key findings. Inferential statistics, specifically Pearson’s Chi-square test, were employed where applicable to determine the relationships between variables.
Results: Total 161 pharmacists responded to the survey, giving an 80.5% response rate. The respondent rate was mainly young pharmacists (20–30 years old; 82.6%) and predominantly male (51.6%). Almost all the respondents possess only a bachelor of pharmacy degree (91.9%). Total 90% have practiced for 5 years or less, mostly in community settings (60.9%). Generic substitution has been cited as the most important technique to manage drug costs. Non-adherence due to cost was associated with practice settings, whereas adherence counseling was correlated with gender and setting of practice. All differences were not statistically significant at p<0.05.
Conclusions: Most participants believe that the cost of medication is a major barrier to accessing quality healthcare and drives massive non-adherence among those who can barely afford the medicines. Implementing a comprehensive national strategy to enhance the healthcare system, expand the reach of the national health insurance program, and promote cooperation among healthcare practitioners will result in improved clinical outcomes for patients.
                  
Peer Review History:
Received 22 May 2024;   Revised 11 July 2024; Accepted 26 August; Available online 15 September 2024
Academic Editor:  Dr. A.A. Mgbahurike, University of Port Harcourt, Nigeria, amaka_mgbahurike@yahoo.com
Average Peer review marks at initial stage: 5.5/10
Average Peer review marks at publication stage: 7.0/10
Reviewers:
Prof. Hassan A.H. Al-Shamahy, Sana'a University, Yemen, shmahe@yemen.net.ye
Dr. George Zhu, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, sansan4240732@163.com
IN VITRO EFFICACY OF VITEX AGNUS-CASTUS EXTRACTS AGAINST TRICHOMONAS VAGINALIS: A POTENTIAL THERAPEUTIC APPROACH
Authors: Özbilgin Ahmet , Çavuş İbrahim , Tunalı Varol , Özel Yener , Alagöz Çağla Yıldız , Kayalar Hüsniye
Published: September 2024

Aim and objectives: Trichomonas vaginalis is the most prevalent nonviral sexually transmitted infection globally. The current treatment, 5-nitroimidazole derivatives has raised concerns as a result of drug reliance, allergies, and drug resistance, driving efforts to identify alternative therapies. The Vitex species recognized for their pharmacological attributes including anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antifungal, and antimicrobial properties are promising candidates for further investigation. 
Methods: In this study, the potential of Vitex agnus-castus extracts against T. vaginalis was explored. The water, ethanol, and 60% aqueous ethanol extracts from both leaves and fruits were examined for their effects on metronidazole (MET)-resistant (TV 50143) and sensitive strains (TV-78). Cytotoxicity was evaluated on L929 mouse fibroblast cells to determine the minimum lethal dose for each extract under aerobic and anaerobic conditions. 
Results: Antitrichomonial activity, cytotoxic activity and Selectivity Index (SI) values revealed distinct efficacy profiles. Leaf water extract displayed a balanced selectivity profile, while leaf 60% ethanol extract showed moderate to high selectivity. The fruit 60% ethanol extract exhibited significantly elevated selectivity with SI values of 2 and 1 under aerobic and anaerobic conditions, respectively, for the MET-sensitive reference strain, and 3 and 5, respectively, for the MET-resistant reference strain. 
Conclusion: These findings underscore the potential of the fruit 60% ethanol extract as a promising candidate for future drug development. Further investigations into its mechanisms and optimization are warranted to enhance its efficacy against T. vaginalis.
                 
Peer Review History:
Received 13 May 2024;   Reviewed 15 July 2024; Accepted 21 August; Available online 15 September 2024
Academic Editor: Dr. Amany Mohamed Alboghdadly, Ibn Sina National College for Medical Studies in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, amanyalboghdadly@gmail.com 
Average Peer review marks at initial stage: 6.0/10
Average Peer review marks at publication stage: 7.5/10
Reviewers:
Prof. Ali Gamal Ahmed Al-kaf, Sana'a university, Yemen, alialkaf21@gmail.com
Dr. Marwa A. A. Fayed, University of Sadat City, Egypt, maafayed@gmail.com
Dr. Sangeetha Arullappan, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Malaysia, sangeetha@utar.edu.my
HEPATITIS C VIRUS AND LEUKEMIA PATIENTS: PREVALENCE AND RISK FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH INFECTION AMONG LEUKEMIA PATIENTS WHO ACHIEVE LONG-TERM REMISSION AFTER CHEMOTHERAPY
Authors: El-Zine Monya Abdullah Yahya , Dawood Yusra Ahmed Saleh , Ali Maged Ali Amer , Al-Moyed Khaled Abdulkarim , Al-gunaid Eshrak Adulmalik , Al-Shamahy Hassan Abdulwahab , Al-Haddad Ahmed Mohammed , Al-Ankoshy Azhar Azher Mohammed
Published: September 2024

Aim and objective: Leukemia patients are at elevated risk of hepatitis C virus infections, with anti-HCV prevalence ranging from 4.3% to 70% post-chemotherapy remission. Long-term leukemia survivors' natural histories are unclear. We measured anti-HCV antibodies to investigate the frequency of HCV infections and the associated odds factors of contracting HCV among leukemia patients who achieved long-term remissions after chemotherapy. 
Methods: This study is a cross-sectional study, comprising leukemia patients at the oncology center at Kuwait Hospital in Sana'a, Yemen. It included people with leukemia of different ages and genders. Data was collected through a standard questionnaire prepared for this study, which includes clinical symptoms, risk factors, demographic data, and the results of diagnostic tests. Antibody tests for the hepatitis C virus (HCV) were done by ELISA.
Results: The majority of patients with HCV are male, with a mean age of 12.8 years. The prevalence is 5.5%, with males having a higher prevalence. Most patients receive blood transfusions more than twice, with major blood banks, Al-Kuwait hospitals, and private hospitals being the primary sources. AML and ALL are the two most common leukemias. Male patients have a higher risk, and those over 15 years old have a higher risk.
Conclusions: This study is the first in Yemen to investigate the prevalence of HCV infections in patients with leukemia. According to our research, leukemia patients had a greater prevalence of HCV than the general population's national prevalence. However, health care workers (HCWs) and patients receiving maintenance hemodialysis (HD) patients have prevalence's of HCV that are comparable.
                 
Peer Review History:
Received 14 May 2024;   Reviewed 13 July 2024; Accepted 22 August; Available online 15 September 2024
Academic Editor: Dr. DANIYAN Oluwatoyin Michael, Obafemi Awolowo University, ILE-IFE, Nigeria, toyinpharm@gmail.com
Average Peer review marks at initial stage: 6.0/10
Average Peer review marks at publication stage: 7.0/10
Reviewers:
Dr. Tamer Elhabibi, Suez Canal University, Egypt, tamer_hassan@pharm.suez.edu.eg
Dr. George Zhu, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, sansan4240732@163.com
THE EFFECT OF TEMPERATURE VARIATIONS ON THE DEACETYLATION PROCESS OF CHITOSAN CHARACTERISTICS FROM MUD CRAB (SCYLLA SERRATA) SHELL WASTE
Authors: Hasriani  , Olii AudiaTriani , Najib Ahmad
Published: September 2024

Aim and objective: The aim of this study was to determine the yield value, moisturization, ash, and degree of deacetylation by the variations in deacetylation temperature effect on the quality of chitosan.
Methods: In the synthesis process of chitosan, the first step was demineralization, followed by deproteinization. Afterward, the deacetylation process synthesized the material with temperature variations of 80, 100, and 120ºC. Furthermore, it was characterized by moisture, ash content, and degree of deacetylation. The last step was the Fourier Transform Infra-Red Spectrophotometer (FT-IR) to determine the complete chitosan synthesis.
Results: The results of this study showed that the chitosan yield and water content met the requirements of the quality standards of chitosan. The values obtained were high, which was affected by the temperature. However, the ash content and degree of deacetylation did not meet the requirements of chitosan quality standards. FTIR data showed that the -OH functional group, a -NH group, and no -C=O group from the amide group were found to have characteristics of chitosan formation. Conclusion: Mud crab shell waste is a potent raw material for making chitosan. The study also reported that the production of chitosan from mud crab shell waste is affected by temperature.
                 
Peer Review History:
Received 19 May 2024;   Reviewed 24 July 2024; Accepted 27 August; Available online 15 September 2024
Academic Editor: Prof. Dr. Gorkem Dulger, Duzce University, Turkey, gorkemdulger@yandex.com
Average Peer review marks at initial stage: 5.5/10
Average Peer review marks at publication stage: 7.0/10
Reviewers:
Prof. Hüsniye Kayalar, Ege University, Turkey, husniyekayalar@gmail.com
Prof. Ali Gamal Ahmed Al-kaf, Sana'a university, Yemen, alialkaf21@gmail.com
ANTI-INFLAMMATORY EFFECTS OF ROOT BARK METHANOLIC EXTRACT OF BOSWELLIA DALZIELII IN ALBINO MICE
Authors: Vedekoi Jeweldai , Dadaya Elizé , Juliette Koubé , Sélestin Sokeng Dongmo
Published: September 2024

Background and objective: Boswellia dalzielii has been traditionally used in the Far North region (Cameroon) to treat fever, rheumatism, asthma and various inﬂammatory conditions. This investigation was designed to determine the anti-edematous and antioxidant properties to confirm its storied claims.
Methods: The DPPH radical scavenging and reduced Fe3+to the Fe2+ assays were two methods used to evaluate the antioxidant activities. The swelling caused by carrageenan paw and xylene ear edema to cause inflammation were applied to evaluate the anti-inflammatory activities of the extract. The mechanisms of action of the methanol extract were evaluated in the serotonin test. Fever induced by yeast was exploited to value antipyretic activity in albinos animals. Diclofenac, ascorbic acid, and paracetamol were utilized as standard medicaments.
Results: Results published the existence of cardiac glycosides, flavonoid, simple phenols, flavonoids, tannins, coumarins and alkaloids. The results indicated also no acute toxicity and the LD50 was above 3000 mg/kg. The methanolic extract exhibited the best activity IC50 (178.12 µg/mL) against DPPH radical with, which was comparable with ascorbic acid (179.12 µg/mL) and a strong reducing power with an IC50 of about 147.85 µg /mL. In addition, the roots extract of B. dalzielii significantly inhibited (p<0.001) the volume of paw edema, ear edema and the fever.
Conclusion: Finally, the present study published clearly that the B. dalzielii methanolic extract (BDME) possess important antioxidant and anti-edematous effects. The phytoconstituents found in this methanol extract were responsible for the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects.
                 
Peer Review History:
Received 21 May 2024;   Reviewed 15 July 2024; Accepted 25 August; Available online 15 September 2024
Academic Editor: Dr. Gehan Fawzy Abdel Raoof Kandeel, Pharmacognosy Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, 12622,  Giza, Egypt, gehankandeel9@yahoo.com 
Average Peer review marks at initial stage: 6.5/10
Average Peer review marks at publication stage: 7.0/10
Reviewers:
Dr. Ogbonna B. Onyebuchi, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka,  Nigeria, summitpharm@yahoo.com
Dr. George Zhu, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, sansan4240732@163.com
ASSESSMENT OF THE ANATOMICAL STRUCTURE OF CANALIS SINUOSUS IN THE ANTERIOR MAXILLA TO AVOID SURGICAL COMPLICATIONS
Authors: Ahmed Saleem Taher Ali , Da'er Sam Abd Alkarem , Homaid Waleed Abdullah Hossin Ahmed , Al-Shamahy Hassan Abdulwahab , Mabkhout Ahmed Nasser Ali , Khalid Basheer Saeed Mohammed , Al-Ankoshy Azhar Azher Mohammed
Published: September 2024

Aims: The study's objective was to evaluate the canalis sinuosus (CS) anatomical structure in the front maxilla in order to prevent surgical problems in an adult Yemeni population sample acquired using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT).
Materials and Methods:  A retrospective descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out to assess 226 participants' CBCT pictures. 452 sides in total were assessed. There were 140 females (61.9%) and 86 males (38.1%) among the samples. The age distribution was 18–34 years (65%) and over 35 years (35%), with a mean age of 32.13. Version 25 of the Statistical Package of the Social Sciences (SPSS) was used for all statistical analyses.
Result: It was discovered that 160 right (35.4%) and 175 left (38.7%) of the 226 patients and 452 sides had CS. Among these individuals, 117 (51.8%) had unilateral CS and 109 (48.2%) had bilateral CS. The CS was 8.12 mm from the nasal cavity floor (D1), 6.99 mm from the buccal cortical bone ridge (D2), and 13.47 mm from the crest of the alveolar ridge (D3), as the mean distances were measured. Males and females had somewhat higher mean values for the linear measurements D1 and D3, but females had slightly higher mean values for the linear measurement D2. The CS had a mean diameter of 1.11 mm. Left central incisor area was the most commonly observed location of CS, and palataly was the most frequently recorded location of CS.
Conclusion: Since the CS is present in 100% of adult Yemenis, it is imperative that general practitioners and maxillofacial surgeons become more knowledgeable about the position and structure of the CS.
                 
Peer Review History:
Received 19 May 2024;   Reviewed 12 July 2024; Accepted 23 August; Available online 15 September 2024
Academic Editor: Dr. Iman Muhammad Higazy, National Research Center, Egypt, imane.higazy@hotmail.com
Average Peer review marks at initial stage: 5.5/10
Average Peer review marks at publication stage: 7.0/10
Reviewers:
Prof. Gorkem Dulger, Duzce University, Turkey, gorkemdulger@yandex.com
Dr. George Zhu, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, sansan4240732@163.com
ANTILEISHMANIAL EFFICACY OF HERACLEUM PERSICUM DESF. EX. FISCH. EXTRACTS AGAINST LEISHMANIA TROPICA PROMASTIGOTES
Authors: Ozgun Gamze , Kayalar Husniye , Alaylı Fatih , Cavus İbrahim , Dönmez Fatih , Ozbilgin Ahmet
Published: September 2024

Background: Heracleum persicum known as “suhotu” is widely distributed in Adana, Hakkari Van and used in the production of famous Van herb cheese. The antioxidant, antiinflammatory, antidiabetic, antiepileptic, hepatoprotective, and antifungal properties were previously investigated on H. persicum extracts.
Objectives: The purpose of the present study was to comparatively evaluate the in vitro antiLeishmanial potential of H. persicum extracts prepared by solvents having different polarities. 
Methods: The extracts of aerial parts of H. persicum were obtained by maceration, and in vitro antiLeishmanial efficacy was assayed on L. tropica promastigotes using CellTiter-Glo® Cell Viability assay.
Results: The diethylether extract of H. persicum was found to be the most active extract on L. tropica promastigotes with IC50 value at 151.6 µg/ml. The n-hexane extract with 160.2 µg/ml IC50 value exhibited higher antiLeishmanial activity than methanol, ethylacetate and etanol extracts which had IC50 values at 229, 343.5, and 4708 µg/ml, respectively
Conclusions: The n-hexane and the diethylether extracts of H. persicum which showed remarkable in vitro antiLeishmanial activities could constitute a valuable source for leishmanicidal compounds.
                  
Peer Review History:
Received 24 May 2024;   Reviewed 11 July 2024; Accepted 21 August; Available online 15 September 2024
Academic Editor: Dr. Asia Selman Abdullah, Pharmacy institute, University of Basrah, Iraq, asia_abdullah65@yahoo.com
Average Peer review marks at initial stage: 6.0/10
Average Peer review marks at publication stage: 7.0/10
Reviewers:
Ahmad Najib, Universitas Muslim Indonesia, Makassar, Indonesia, ahmad.najib@umi.ac.id
Dr. Sangeetha Arullappan, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Malaysia, sangeetha@utar.edu.my
ASSESSMENT OF KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDES AND PRACTICES ON RHEUMATIC HEART DISEASE AMONG CARDIAC PATIENTS IN AMRAN CITY, YEMEN
Authors: Ali Abduallah AA , Altholey Reham MA , Bakri Waheed MA , Shayea Yaqup AS , Abbas Mohammed AN , Aklan Abdulnaser SA , Alseraji Ziad MA
Published: September 2024

Background: All three layers of the heart—the pericardium, myocardium, and endocardium (including the valves)—may sustain irreversible damage as a result of rheumatic heart disease (RHD). Rheumatic heart disease is the result of valvular damage caused by an abnormal immune response to group a streptococcal infection, usually during childhood. The study aims to achieve the assessment of Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices (KAP) on rheumatic heart disease among cardiac patients in Amran city, Yemen.
Method: The descriptive analytical method was used. The questionnaire was used as a tool for collecting data the research sample was (121) of those accompanying rheumatic heart patients in clinics and medical centers in the city of Amran, and they were selected in a simple random method. The data was analyzed and processed statistically using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences program (SPSS) and many statistical methods, and after conducting the data analysis process and testing the study hypotheses.
Result: The study found that heart patients in Amran have knowledge about rheumatic heart disease causes and symptoms, but lack knowledge about risk factors and disease history. Most suffer from arthritis and do not practice regular exercise. There were no significant differences in opinions about rheumatic heart disease and risk factors among heart patients due to variables like gender, age, education, and living conditions. Rural residents showed statistically significant differences.
Conclusions: The study reveals that patients with rheumatic heart disease have the highest knowledge about the causes and symptoms, but also the risk factors associated with the disease. The knowledge of the disease's history is the most common, followed by rheumatic fever. Arthritis is the most common risk factor. The study found no significant differences in opinions among heart patients in Amran, but significant differences were observed in rural residents' opinions due to factors like gender, age, and living conditions.
                 
Peer Review History:
Received 13 May 2024;   Reviewed 14 July 2024; Accepted 22 August; Available online 15 September 2024
Academic Editor: Dr. Sally A. El-Zahaby, Pharos University in Alexandria, Egypt, sally.elzahaby@yahoo.com
Average Peer review marks at initial stage: 6.0/10
Average Peer review marks at publication stage: 7.0/10
Reviewers:
Dina Abd Elfattah Eldakhs, Pharos university (PUA), Egypt,  dina_eldakhs@yahoo.com 
Prof. Hassan A.H. Al-Shamahy, Sana'a University, Yemen, shmahe@yemen.net.ye
PREVALENCE OF PAROTID TUMORS AMONG YEMENI PATIENTS IN SANA'A CITY, YEMEN
Authors: Al-Kibsi Taghreed Ahmed M , Qirshi Heba Gamal Moqbel Ali Al , Al-Shamahy Hassan Abdulwahab
Published: September 2024

Background and aims: Parotid gland tumors (PGT) are a moderately scarce group of tumors with a broad range of histopathological manifestations and clinical characteristics. To date, most epidemiological studies on salivary gland tumors including PGT are limited in Yemen and this is one of the first studies, so the aim of the study was to determine the prevalence of different tumors affecting the parotid glands and the effect of age and sex on their distribution.
Methods: Epidemiological information as well as demographic data, anatomical site, and histological analysis of PGT were analyzed. The data analyzed included age, sex, site, and histological diagnosis. Data were collected from all histopathological centers covering the majority of Sana'a city between 2019 and 2023.
Results: A total of 284 cases- 69% benign and 31% malignant tumors were examined. Both benign and malignant tumors showed a little male inclination (52.5%) and a peak occurrence between the third and fifth decade. Malignant tumors make up 31% of patients, while benign tumors make up 69%. Mucoepidermoid carcinoma (36.4%) and adenoid cystic carcinoma (11.4%) are two common malignant tumor types. Benign parotid tumors include pleomorphic adenoma (71.4%) and Warthin tumors (11.2%) of benigns. Other malignants and benigns are less frequent.
Conclusions: This study presents the first prospective study to date to analyze PGT data from health centers spread across Sana'a city. These results should serve the same as the basis for prospect studies assessing the epidemiological geography of these tumors in Sana'a in particular and Yemen in general.
                 
Peer Review History:
Received 18 May 2024;   Reviewed 12 July 2024; Accepted 23 August; Available online 15 September 2024
Academic Editor: Dr. Nuray Arı, Ankara University, Turkiye, ari@ankara.edu.tr
Average Peer review marks at initial stage: 6.5/10
Average Peer review marks at publication stage: 7.5/10
Reviewers:
Asmaa Ahmed Mohamed Ahmed Khalifa, Pharos University, Alexandria, Egypt, asmaa.khalifa@pua.edu.eg
Dr. George Zhu, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, sansan4240732@163.com
THE IMPACT OF COLLABORATIVE CARE ON COST OF TREATMENT FOR THE MANAGEMENT OF HYPERTENSION- A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW
Authors: Shahid Sara , Qamar Areej , Ali Umar , Ali Sadaqat , Hameed Muhammad Salman , Ashraf Syed Muneeb , Nasir Arooj , Qamar Mahdeem , Ayesha Maryam , Bajwa Amna , Iqbal Muhammad Zahid
Published: September 2024

Introduction: For evaluation of the long term costs and benefits of physician-pharmacist collaboration associated with physician management for the treatment of essential hypertension. Around the world the major cause of death is hypertension. It is an incurable condition that requires proper therapeutic regimens for its life-long management. Due to this, hypertension therapy can be financially burdensome to the patient, and the rates of non-compliance are increased.
Aims and Objectives: To observe the results of collaborative, clinical, and interventive approaches to hypertension management, on the cost-effectiveness of therapy, this study aimed to collect and compare cost information on hypertension management, mortality, and morbidity across different countries and cost groups. Using this information, future healthcare expenses can be better planned; for example, by initial emergency response or by changing the way money is distributed. This will lead to more high-pressure jobs. Therefore, it will be more costly to control blood pressure.
Method: A systematic review was conducted using 6 major electronic databases that investigated the influence of collaborative care upon healthcare expenses in hypertensive patients and hypertension therapy costs, before and after the intervention of medical personnel, was observed.
Conclusions: It was concluded that interventions provided by the collaboration of medical personnel, in the management of hypertension, made the therapy more cost-effective and hence the rate of patient compliance and adherence to the therapy were increased.
                 
Peer Review History:
Received 18 May 2024;   Reviewed 11 July 2024; Accepted 26 August; Available online 15 September 2024
Academic Editor: Dr. Tamer Elhabibi, Suez Canal University, Egypt, tamer_hassan@pharm.suez.edu.eg
Average Peer review marks at initial stage: 5.5/10
Average Peer review marks at publication stage: 7.0/10
Reviewers:
Dr. Ogbonna B. Onyebuchi, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka,  Nigeria, summitpharm@yahoo.com
Dr. George Zhu, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, sansan4240732@163.com
TREATMENT OUTCOMES IN PCOS (POLYCYSTIC OVARIAN SYNDROME)-RELATED INFERTILITY
Authors: Ibrahim Aminath Efa , Shareef Fathimath Ina , Yazdhan Ahmed , Shabin Ahmed , Ali P. Shaik Syed , Ahmad Md. Parwez
Published: September 2024

Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is one of the underdiagnosed endocrine disorders found to be prevalent among females in the reproductive age group. PCOS effects on an average 8-13% of reproductive aged women, globally. This condition is responsible for causing distress physiologically and psychologically paving the way for a poor quality of life. One of the devastating complications of PCOS is infertility. At present, there is no treatment for PCOS but could be managed by alternate options such as lifestyle modification to in-vitro fertilization. The primary objective of this review article is to analyze the outcomes of certain pharmacological treatment options such as clomiphene citrate which is a selective estrogen receptor modulator, Letrozole an aromatase inhibitor, and gonadotropins for PCOS-related infertility. Clomiphene citrate binds to estrogen receptors indirectly increasing the gonadotropins. Studies confirm a 35-40% successful outcome. Letrozole similarly increases gonadotropins by indirectly decreasing estrogen. A notable increase in the successful outcome was observed with both clomiphene citrate and letrozole, with almost near similar results. The pregnancy outcome was approximately 40% with clomiphene citrate, while letrozole showed 50%. Notably, more side effects were observed in the administration of clomiphene citrate compared to letrozole. Human menopausal gonadotropin (hMG) and recombinant follicle-stimulating hormone (FSHr), that are gonadotropins, were used as they are directly responsible for the maturation of follicles and ovulation itself. The use of gonadotropins increased the pregnancy rate outcome to 20 -30 %, albeit with the risk of multiple births.  Furthermore, we have discussed why letrozole and clomiphene citrate are used as the primary therapy compared to gonadotropins.
                 
Peer Review History:
Received 22 May 2024;   Reviewed 14 July 2024; Accepted 23 August; Available online 15 September 2024
Academic Editor: Dr. Rola Jadallah, Arab American University, Palestine, rola@aauj.edu
Average Peer review marks at initial stage: 5.5/10
Average Peer review marks at publication stage: 7.0/10
Reviewers:
Dr. George Zhu, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, sansan4240732@163.com
Dr. Ogbonna B. Onyebuchi, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka,  Nigeria, summitpharm@yahoo.com
THE ANTICOAGULATION STRATEGIES FOR MANAGEMENT AND PREVENTION OF STROKE IN NEUROLOGICAL PRACTICE
Authors: Measar Mujahed , Alyahawi Ali
Published: September 2024

Strokes are categorized as either ischemic or hemorrhagic and the specific interventions will be based on the type of stroke. About 13% of stroke is hemorrhagic and 87% is ischemic. Transient Ischemic Attacks require emergency intervention to decrease the threat of stroke, which is thought to be maximum within the first few days after TIA. Anticoagulants play a major role in the primary and secondary prevention of ischemic strokes.
The optimal timing of anticoagulants initiation or resumption inpreventing and managing ischemic strokes is very important.  This article will explore certain controversies surrounding this issue, while also highlighting the benefits of antithrombotic therapy used in prevention of ischemic strokes in antiphospholipid antibody syndrome (APS), atrial fibrillation, prosthetic heart valve, cancer, and vascular disorders. Aggressive local and regional efforts to organize stroke care and greater use of evidence-based recommendations may help improve outcomes.
                
Peer Review History:
Received 16 May 2024;   Reviewed 11 July 2024; Accepted 24 August; Available online 15 September 2024
Academic Editor: Essam Mohamed Eissa, Beni-Suef University, Egypt, dressamceutics@yahoo.com
Average Peer review marks at initial stage: 6.0/10
Average Peer review marks at publication stage: 7.0/10
Reviewers:
Taha A.I. El Bassossy, Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Department, Desert Research Center, Cairo, Egypt, tahachemist2008@gmail.com
Dr. George Zhu, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, sansan4240732@163.com
DETERMINATION OF SOME PHARMACOKINETIC PROPERTIES OF ARTEMETHER-LUMEFANTRINE GRANULES IN ALBINO RATS
Authors: Ubieko Edwin A. , Ubieko Emmanuel A.
Published: September 2024

Aim and Objectives: Malaria is an infectious disease that is caused by plasmodium parasites which is rampant in Sahara Africa and children under 5 years of age are highly vulnerable to this infection by malaria. So the need for the formulation of dosage form for this population using naturally occurring excipients to replace imported ones being currently used by our local manufacturing industries in-order to formulate novel, readily available, affordable and effective antimalarial medicine for children.
Methods: Using the local excipients and its hybrid, the formulated artemether-lumefantrine granules for oral suspension were administered to albino rats, blood samples were collected at predetermined time 0, 1.5, 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18, 21, and 24 h respectively and drug contents; artemether-lumefantrine were determined within the stipulated period.
Results: Some  pharmacokinetic parameters determined were; maximum concentration, Cmax, time to reach the maximum concentration, Tmax, half-life, t1/2, area under the curve, AUC, and mean residence time, MRT, which were for artemether-lumefantrine were 3.9, 3.4, μg/L; 3.2, 6.0 h; 12.5, 14 h; 75.8, 168.5 μg/L.h; 24, 24 h respectively, for the marketed artemether-lumefanthrine granules for oral suspension.4.1, 3.2 μg/L; 1.4, 3.0 h; 3.0, undefined h, 67.0, 65.7 μg/L. h; 18, 18 respectively for hybrid formulated artemether-lumefantrine granules for oral suspension and 3.1, 3.8 μg/L; 2.5, 12.5 h; 4.8, 15 h; 20.2, 281.6 μg/L .h; 18, 18 respectively for the extracted pectin formulated granules.
Conclusion: Optimized formulated artemether-lumefantrine granules were superior to the marketed product in terms of pharmacokinetic values being closer to those of earlier workers.
                 
Peer Review History:
Received 13 May 2024;   Reviewed 16 July 2024; Accepted 22 August; Available online 15 September 2024
Academic Editor: Dr. Asia Selman Abdullah, Pharmacy institute, University of Basrah, Iraq, asia_abdullah65@yahoo.com
Average Peer review marks at initial stage: 5.5/10
Average Peer review marks at publication stage: 7.0/10
Reviewers:
Ahmad Najib, Universitas Muslim Indonesia, Makassar, Indonesia, ahmad.najib@umi.ac.id
Dr. Sangeetha Arullappan, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Malaysia, sangeetha@utar.edu.my
COMPARATIVE CURE AND SUPPRESSION EFFICACY OF FORMULATED GRANULES WITH A MARKETED SIMILAR PRODUCT
Authors: Ubieko Edwin A. , Ubieko Emmanuel A.
Published: September 2024

Aim and Objectives: Malaria, a major global health challenge which makes antimalarial drugs one of the commonly prescribed class of drugs World-wide. The most vulnerable are the children and the women especially the expectant mothers. There is need to develop locally and readily available excipients from natural sources to replace imported ones currently being used by our local manufacturing industries. The purpose of the investigation was to test the formulated granules for oral suspension.
Methods: Some weighed albino rats were infected with Plasmodium berghei, then the standard dose of the artemether-lumefantrine oral suspension formulated, a marketed product, and distilled water  were administered ; 4/24 mg artemether-lumefantrine per kg body weight per oral to weighed albino rats. Then, other groups were administered standard dose of different formulated granules, a marketed similar product and distilled water respectively. These treated albino rats were then infected with Plasmodium berghei and blood samples were withdrawn from the tail veins, stained with Giemsa stain and the Plasmodium berghei count for the untreated and treated albino rats were determined.
Results: The percentage clearance and suppression were calculated for the different formulations; pectin and its hybrid formulations, a marketed product and distilled water as a control which were 83.73, 85.2, 74.9 and 2.62, and 83.74, 85.2, 74.22, and 0% for curative and suppressive efficacies respectively.
Conclusions: The investigations revealed that the most effective was the hybrid-formulated granules were closely followed by pectin-formulated granules and the least was the marketed product.
                 
Peer Review History:
Received 17 May 2024;   Reviewed 12 July 2024; Accepted 20 August; Available online 15 September 2024
Academic Editor: Dr. Asia Selman Abdullah, Pharmacy institute, University of Basrah, Iraq, asia_abdullah65@yahoo.com
Average Peer review marks at initial stage: 6.0/10
Average Peer review marks at publication stage: 7.0/10
Reviewers:
Ahmad Najib, Universitas Muslim Indonesia, Makassar, Indonesia, ahmad.najib@umi.ac.id
Dr. Ahmad Abdelsattar El-Ebiary, Tanta University Hospitals, Tanta, Egypt, a.ebiary@med.tanta.edu.eg
Terapia en movimiento e imaginación activa
Authors: Ospina Berreiro Carolina
Published: September 2024

Este artículo surge de la necesidad de ampliar la entrevista realizada por el psicólogo Álvaro Carrasco, quien lleva adelante un canal en Youtube dedicado a la difusión de la Psicología Analítica. La entrevista surge en el marco de la pandemia por Covid-19 en medio de mi interés por encontrarme con su interesante canal y por su claridad y seriedad en transmitir la información desde esta línea de conocimiento, en español, sobre la psicología de Carl Gustav Jung. Mi intención ante la situación mundial es aportar mi experiencia y visión frente a la metodología de Imaginación Activa desde lo que es nombrado como experiencia de Movimiento Auténtico. Como anécdota, nuestro intercambio se produce por un comentario sobre uno de sus videos y desde allí iniciamos un intercambio que esperamos retomar en este 2023, ya que quedaron intereses y temas por profundizar.
Fourier representation of geometrical imperfection for probabilistic buckling analysis
Authors: Sukamdo Pariatmono , Oktavia Tuti , Muin Resmi Bestari , Ontowirjo Budianto , Ihsan Mohammad , Sitompul Sang Toga
Published: September 2024

This research studies the first part of the failure of a compression member structure due to buckling. This unstable equilibrium collapse, exposes brittle failure which occurs suddenly and therefore should be avoided wherever possible. Unavoidable geometric imperfections due to structural fabrication, will weaken the structure against buckling. The behavior of bar under compression will be closely examined by taking a set of geometric imperfection data synthesized from previously available from the measurement of conical shells. Therefore, the two-dimensional surface imperfection is converted into several one-dimensional imperfection with some probability properties. In order to obtain a comparison tool for different type of imperfections, Fourier analysis is used to convert the imperfection into coefficients of trigonometric function. By examining the coefficients, geometric imperfection patterns introduced by a certain fabrication process are able to be identified. The study successfully demonstrates the applicability of Fourier analysis in representing inherent geometric imperfections as an initial step for conducting probabilistic buckling analysis. Fourier analysis has shown its capability to simultaneously characterize imperfections in two crucial parameters - the magnitude and configuration of the imperfection.
Investigation of seismic resistant structures with various moment-resisting frame systems and pushover analysis
Authors: Putra Oky Bima , Ramadhan Ilham Dwiputra , Rosyidah Anis , Saputra Jonathan , Sucita I Ketut
Published: September 2024

Earthquakes are a serious threat in the construction of multi-storey buildings in Indonesia, which are divided into several seismic design categories. The design of seismic-resistant buildings requires the management of plastic hinges to reduce seismic loads. The aspects of seismic-resistant structural design in Indonesia are regulated by SNI 1726:2019, SNI 1727:2020, and SNI 2847:2019. Intermediate Moment Resisting Frame System (IMRFS) and Special Moment Resisting Frame System (SMRFS) are used based on seismic category and earthquake intensity. Pushover analysis is used to analyze the structures behavior when exposed to seismic loads. This research designs seismic resistant structures with IMRFS and SMRFS at different locations with the aim of assessing structural performance and gaining reinforcement to the concrete ratio, which is relevant for the design and construction of multi-storey buildings in Indonesia. The results of this research are the structural performance levels, reinforcement volume, concrete volume, and the reinforcement to concrete volume ratio. Both IMRFS and SMRFS reached Immediate Occupancy to Life Safe performance levels after the earthquake because their monitored displacement was not significantly different. The structural failure modes of both systems meet the Strong Column–Weak Beam requirements. The distribution of plastic hinges also remains in the Immediate Occupancy category.
Revitalizing IoT-based air quality monitoring system for major cities in Indonesia
Authors: Kustija Jaja , Fahrizal Diki , Nasir Muhamad
Published: September 2024

An IoT-based air quality monitoring system is a technology that integrates with the internet to monitor and measure numerous air quality metrics in real-time. CO levels, dust particle levels, temperature, and humidity are the air quality characteristics that must be monitored. The air quality monitoring system in its current state requires further development, such as challenges to acquiring accurate and real-time data and difficulty in accessing reliable information. Poor air quality causes various health problems, respiratory, vision, heart disease, and even cancer. The development of air pollution producers continues to increase along with the number of oil-fueled vehicles, industries operated using petroleum-fueled engines, power plants that use energy from coal, gas and petroleum. This study presents an IoT-based air quality parameter monitoring system solution that is connected with the Blynk platform and can be accessible in real time, in an effort to assist the SDGs program, which is mandated by the global community through the UN. The research technique employed is Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation. The study successfully presented an IoT-based air quality monitoring system connected with the Blynk platform, which showed great accuracy in measurement 94.34% (CO), 81.15% (dust), 99.14% (temperature), and 96.84% (humidity). These results advance urban air quality monitoring and inform sustainable technology development, contributing to environmental and health-related SDGs.
Incorporating rainwater harvesting systems into the design of green infrastructure, alongside constructed wetlands and fishponds
Authors: Taufikurahman Taufik , Susila Endra , Ginanjar Tetep , Rizkyani R. R. Deby Anindya
Published: September 2024

In rural areas grappling with recurring water scarcity during dry periods, the imperative for water conservation becomes evident. This research centers on Green Infrastructure (GI), showcasing its substantial potential for better water management practices, specifically in the realms of rainwater harvesting and greywater treatment. We implemented an integrated household-scale rainwater harvesting system (RWH) coupled with greywater processing using a constructed wetland (CW). The constructed wetland, filled with sands and gravels and adorned with Napier grass (Pennisetum purpureum), served as a filtration medium for both greywater and rainwater before channelling them into a fishpond. The project was conducted at the ITB research station in Haurngombong village, Pamulihan sub-district, Sumedang, West Java. The project exemplified an effective synergy between the RWH system and a constructed wetland for greywater treatment, benefiting both plant irrigation and fishpond utilization. The demonstrated approach holds significant potential added value for communities, serving as a reservoir for crop irrigation, supporting fish farming, and facilitating greywater treatment through an integrated aquaponic system.
The Antecedent of Life Insurance Penetration in Malaysia
Authors: Ramli Nur Haslina , Setapa Mariam , Yusoff Yuslina , Mamat Mazlina , Mustafa Tismazammi , Mat Nawi Farahiyah Akmal , Rosely Nurhidayah , Siddiq Dedi Muhammad
Published: September 2024

A slower rate of economic growth is indicated by a low degree of market penetration for insurance. In contrast to other Asian countries, Malaysia has a comparatively low life insurance penetration rate of 54% throughout the five years before 2020. If Malaysia has a less advantageous rate of life insurance coverage, its citizens will be more financially vulnerable. The observation suggests that people are generally skeptical when discussing insurance-related topics. People's perceptions of insurance are often unfavorable. Now, most people think that getting insurance or being an agent is fraudulent. This is a result of a general lack of understanding about insurance. This study aims to identify or determine the possible causes of Malaysia's low life insurance penetration. Age, awareness, and service quality are the variables linked to life insurance's low uptake. We used a questionnaire to gather primary data, and all the results were evaluated. In Temerloh, Pahang, Malaysia, the researchers distributed the questionnaire to a sample of 150 respondents. To ascertain the research outcome, SPSS was used to analyze the collected data. The outcome of this study revealed that there is a substantial correlation between low life insurance penetration in Malaysia and age, awareness, and service quality.