bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
AI for glaucoma, Are we reporting well? a systematic literature review of DECIDE-AI checklist adherence
Authors: Leonard-Hawkhead Benedict , Higgins Bethany E. , Wright David , Azuara-Blanco Augusto
Published: February 2025

Background/Objectives

This systematic literature review examines the quality of early clinical evaluation of artificial intelligence (AI) decision support systems (DSS) reported in glaucoma care. Artificial Intelligence applications within glaucoma care are increasing within the literature. For such DSS, there needs to be standardised reporting to enable faster clinical adaptation. In May 2022, a checklist to facilitate reporting of early AI studies (DECIDE-AI) was published and adopted by the EQUATOR network.

Methods

The Cochrane Library, Embase, Ovid MEDLINE, PubMed, SCOPUS, and Web of Science Core Collection were searched for studies published between January 2020 and May 2023 that reported clinical evaluation of DSS for the diagnosis of glaucoma or for identifying the progression of glaucoma driven by AI. PRISMA guidelines were followed (PROSPERO registration: CRD42023431343). Study details were extracted and were reviewed against the DECIDE-AI checklist. The AI-Specific Score, Generic-Item Score, and DECIDE-AI Score were generated.

Results

A total of 1,552 records were screened, with 19 studies included within the review. All studies discussed an early clinical evaluation of AI use within glaucoma care, as defined by the a priori study protocol. Overall, the DECIDE-AI adherence score was low, with authors under reporting the AI specific items (30.3%), whilst adhering well to the generic reporting items (84.7%).

Conclusion

Overall, reporting of important aspects of AI studies was suboptimal. Encouraging editors and authors to incorporate the checklist will enhance standardised reporting, bolstering the evidence base for integrating AI DSS into glaucoma care workflows, thus help improving patient care and outcomes.
Monosaccharides drive Salmonella gut colonization in a context-dependent or -independent manner
Authors: Schubert Christopher , Nguyen Bidong D. , Sichert Andreas , Näpflin Nicolas , Sintsova Anna , Feer Lilith , Näf Jana , Daniel Benjamin B. J. , Steiger Yves , von Mering Christian , Sauer Uwe , Hardt Wolf-Dietrich
Published: February 2025

The carbohydrates that fuel gut colonization by S. Typhimurium are not fully known. To investigate this, we designed a quality-controlled mutant pool to probe the metabolic capabilities of this enteric pathogen. Using neutral genetic barcodes, we tested 35 metabolic mutants across five different mouse models with varying microbiome complexities, allowing us to differentiate between context-dependent and context-independent nutrient sources. Results showed that S. Typhimurium uses D-mannose, D-fructose and likely D-glucose as context-independent carbohydrates across all five mouse models. The utilization of D-galactose, N-acetylglucosamine and hexuronates, on the other hand, was context-dependent. Furthermore, we showed that D-fructose is important in strain-to-strain competition between Salmonella serovars. Complementary experiments confirmed that D-glucose, D-fructose, and D-galactose are excellent niches for S. Typhimurium to exploit during colonization. Quantitative measurements revealed sufficient amounts of carbohydrates, such as D-glucose or D-galactose, in the murine cecum to drive S. Typhimurium colonization. Understanding these key substrates and their context-dependent or -independent use by enteric pathogens will inform the future design of probiotics and therapeutics to prevent diarrheal infections such as non-typhoidal salmonellosis.
Virtual fragment screening for DNA repair inhibitors in vast chemical space
Authors: Luttens Andreas , Vo Duc Duy , Scaletti Emma R. , Wiita Elisée , Almlöf Ingrid , Wallner Olov , Davies Jonathan , Košenina Sara , Meng Liuzhen , Long Maeve , Mortusewicz Oliver , Masuyer Geoffrey , Ballante Flavio , Michel Maurice , Homan Evert , Scobie Martin , Kalderén Christina , Warpman Berglund Ulrika , Tarnovskiy Andrii V. , Radchenko Dmytro S. , Moroz Yurii S. , Kihlberg Jan , Stenmark Pål , Helleday Thomas , Carlsson Jens
Published: February 2025

Fragment-based screening can catalyze drug discovery by identifying novel scaffolds, but this approach is limited by the small chemical libraries studied by biophysical experiments and the challenging optimization process. To expand the explored chemical space, we employ structure-based docking to evaluate orders-of-magnitude larger libraries than those used in traditional fragment screening. We computationally dock a set of 14 million fragments to 8-oxoguanine DNA glycosylase (OGG1), a difficult drug target involved in cancer and inflammation, and evaluate 29 highly ranked compounds experimentally. Four of these bind to OGG1 and X-ray crystallography confirms the binding modes predicted by docking. Furthermore, we show how fragment elaboration using searches among billions of readily synthesizable compounds identifies submicromolar inhibitors with anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer effects in cells. Comparisons of virtual screening strategies to explore a chemical space of 1022 compounds illustrate that fragment-based design enables enumeration of all molecules relevant for inhibitor discovery. Virtual fragment screening is hence a highly efficient strategy for navigating the rapidly growing combinatorial libraries and can serve as a powerful tool to accelerate drug discovery efforts for challenging therapeutic targets.
Realizing four-electron conversion chemistry for all-solid-state Li||I2 batteries at room temperature
Authors: Cheng Zhu , Liu Hang , Zhang Menghang , Pan Hui , Sheng Chuanchao , Li Wei , Wagemaker Marnix , He Ping , Zhou Haoshen
Published: February 2025

Rechargeable Li||I2 batteries based on liquid organic electrolytes suffer from pronounced polyiodides shuttling and safety concerns, which can be potentially tackled by the use of solid-state electrolytes. However, current all-solid-state Li||I2 batteries only demonstrate limited capacity based on a two-electron I−/I2 polyiodides chemistry at elevated temperatures, preventing them from rivaling state-of-the-art lithium-ion batteries. Herein, we report a fast, stable and high-capacity four-electron solid-conversion I−/I2/I+ chemistry in all-solid-state Li||I2 batteries at room temperature. Through the strategic use of a highly conductive, chlorine-rich solid electrolyte Li4.2InCl7.2 as the catholyte, we effectively activate the I2/I+ redox couple. This activation is achieved through a robust I-Cl interhalogen interaction between I2 and the catholyte, facilitated by an interface-mediated heterogeneous oxidation mechanism. Moreover, apart from serving as Li-ion conduction pathway, the Li4.2InCl7.2 catholyte is demonstrated to show a reversible redox behavior and contribute to the electrode capacity without compromising its conductivity. Based on the I−/I2/I+ four-electron chemistry, the as-designed all-solid-state Li||I2 batteries deliver a high specific capacity of 449 mAh g-1 at 44 mA g-1 based on I2 mass and an impressive cycling stability over 600 cycles with a capacity retention of 91% at 440 mA g-1 and at 25 °C.
Impact of household size and co-resident multimorbidity on unplanned hospitalisation and transition to care home
Authors: MacRae Clare , Mercer Stewart W. , Abubakar Eleojo , Lawson Andrew , Lone Nazir , Rawlings Anna , Lyons Jane , Lyons Ronan A. , Mizen Amy , Fry Rich , Baranyi Gergő , Pearce Jamie , Dibben Chris , Modig Karin , Owen Rhiannon , Guthrie Bruce
Published: February 2025

The ability to manage ill health and care needs might be affected by who a person lives with. This study examined how the risk of unplanned hospitalisation and transition to living in a care home varied according to household size and co-resident multimorbidity. Here we show results from a cohort study using  Welsh nationwide linked healthcare and census data, that employed multilevel multistate models to account for the competing risk of death and clustering within households. The highest rates of unplanned hospitalisation and care home transition were in those living alone. Event rates were lower in all shared households and lowest when co-residents did not have multimorbidity. These differences were more substantial for care home transition. Therefore, living alone or with co-residents with multimorbidity poses additional risk for unplanned hospitalisation and care home transition beyond an individual’s sociodemographic and health characteristics. Understanding the mechanisms behind these associations is necessary to inform targeted intervention strategies.
Neuronal hyperactivity in neurons derived from individuals with gray matter heterotopia
Authors: Di Matteo Francesco , Bonrath Rebecca , Pravata Veronica , Schmidt Hanna , Ayo Martin Ane Cristina , Di Giaimo Rossella , Menegaz Danusa , Riesenberg Stephan , de Vrij Femke M. S. , Maccarrone Giuseppina , Holzapfel Maria , Straub Tobias , Kushner Steven A. , Robertson Stephen P. , Eder Matthias , Cappello Silvia
Published: February 2025

Periventricular heterotopia (PH), a common form of gray matter heterotopia associated with developmental delay and drug-resistant seizures, poses a challenge in understanding its neurophysiological basis. Human cerebral organoids (hCOs) derived from patients with causative mutations in FAT4 or DCHS1 mimic PH features. However, neuronal activity in these 3D models has not yet been investigated. Here we show that silicon probe recordings reveal exaggerated spontaneous spike activity in FAT4 and DCHS1 hCOs, suggesting functional changes in neuronal networks. Transcriptome and proteome analyses identify changes in neuronal morphology and synaptic function. Furthermore, patch-clamp recordings reveal a decreased spike threshold specifically in DCHS1 neurons, likely due to increased somatic voltage-gated sodium channels. Additional analyses reveal increased morphological complexity of PH neurons and synaptic alterations contributing to hyperactivity, with rescue observed in DCHS1 neurons by wild-type DCHS1 expression. Overall, we provide new comprehensive insights into the cellular changes underlying symptoms of gray matter heterotopia.
Enhancing children’s numeracy and executive functions via their explicit integration
Authors: Scerif Gaia , Sučević Jelena , Andrews Hannah , Blakey Emma , Gattas Sylvia U. , Godfrey Amy , Hawes Zachary , Howard Steven J. , Kent Liberty , Merkley Rebecca , O’Connor Rosemary , O’Reilly Fionnuala , Simms Victoria
Published: February 2025

Executive functions (EF) are crucial to regulating learning and are predictors of emerging mathematics. However, interventions that leverage EF to improve mathematics remain poorly understood. 193 four-year-olds (mean age = 3 years; 11 months pre-intervention; 111 female, 69% White) were assessed 5 months apart, with 103 children randomised to an integrated EF and mathematics intervention. Our pre-registered hypotheses proposed that the intervention would improve mathematics more than practice as usual. Multi-level modelling and network analyses were applied to the data. The intervention group improved more than the control group in overall numeracy, even when controlling for differences across settings in EF and mathematics-enhancing practices. EF and mathematics measures showed greater interconnectedness post-intervention. In addition, disadvantaged children in the intervention group made greater gains than in the control group. Our findings emphasise the need to consider EFs in their integration with co-developing functions, and in their educational and socio-economic context.
Application of in-silico docking for green electrochemical quantification of prucalopride succinate in pharmaceutical, urine, and milk matrices
Authors: Mohamed Ahmed R. , Sayed Rania A. , Shalaby Abdalla , Ibrahim Hany
Published: February 2025

The development of ion-selective sensors as green and energy-efficient substitutes is a promising trend in today’s analytical techniques. So, three distinct polyvinyl chloride sensors modulated by ionophores of cyclodextrins (α-, β-, and γ-cyclodextrins) were built, and their composition was optimized for rapid in-situ estimation of prucalopride succinate in different matrices. The experimental work was backed up by applying molecular docking, whose results were consistent with the practical findings, offering a creative strategy to reduce the experiment’s costs and duration. According to findings, the α-cyclodextrin sensor outperformed the other proposed sensors in terms of Nernstian slope (56.87 mV/decade), linearity range (1 × 10−6 M – 1 × 10−2 M), and detection limit (7.50 × 10−7 M). For the first time and with minimal sample pre-treatment, prucalopride was quantified with excellent recoveries in dissolution media, human urine, and formula milk samples employing the proposed α-cyclodextrin sensor. The proposed three sensors were validated following IUPAC guidelines. The proposed technique, represented by the proposed three sensors, has the following merits: high sample throughput, quick analysis, high selectivity, wide linearity ranges, and low detection limits, making it apt for routine prucalopride assessment, either in QC centers or in bioavailability units, at the most affordable price. Concerning the statistical assessment, there weren’t palpable disparities in functioning between the suggested technique and the published one. Concerning green assessment, the proposed technique surpassed the published techniques in both GAPI and analytical eco-scale metrics.
Job satisfaction, life satisfaction, and associated factors among hospital nurses: a cross-sectional study in Türkiye
Authors: Medeni Volkan , Medeni İrem , Altunay Gizem , Dikmen Asiye Uğraş , İlhan Mustafa Necmi
Published: February 2025

Job satisfaction strongly affects nurses’ life satisfaction and is directly affected by life satisfaction. Our study aimed to determine nurses’ life and job satisfaction, show their relationship, and evaluate the factors affecting them. This cross-sectional study was conducted in 2022 at a university hospital in Türkiye. The study population included all nurses working at the hospital for at least one month, and 920 nurses participated. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire, which consisted of sections on sociodemographic characteristics, job and life satisfaction, and factors related to the nursing profession. Job satisfaction was measured using the Index of Job Satisfaction, while life satisfaction was assessed with the Life Satisfaction Scale, both validated tools. Data collection occurred during periodic health examinations through face-to-face interviews. Most participants chose the nursing profession willingly and found it suitable for themselves. However, many reported dissatisfaction with their earnings. Higher job satisfaction was associated with older age, having children, good perceived health, shorter weekly working hours, willingly choosing the nursing profession and unit, and favorable working conditions and income. Similarly, life satisfaction was higher among those with good perceived health, fewer weekly working hours, willingly chosen profession and unit, and no smoking or chronic diseases. Supportive working conditions and adequate income strongly influenced both job and life satisfaction. A significant, positive, and moderate correlation was found between job and life satisfaction, highlighting their interconnectedness. These findings suggest that improving nurses’ working conditions, ensuring adequate income, and supporting healthier lifestyles could enhance job and life satisfaction. Enhancing working conditions is essential to improving nurses’ job satisfaction, which, in turn, positively impacts their overall life satisfaction. Policymakers should prioritize initiatives that address workplace challenges and foster a supportive environment for nurses.
Circularly-polarized 28-GHz antenna for next generations of communication systems
Authors: Elsharkawy Rania R. , Hussein Khalid. F. A. , Farahat Asmaa E.
Published: February 2025

A circularly-polarized (CP) printed antenna is proposed for millimeter-wave mobile communications. The antenna has a defected ground structure (DGS), and it operates at 28 GHz. The geometries of the antenna on the upper surface and the DGS are symmetric about a
$$45^\circ$$
-diagonal to produce perfect circular polarization. The antenna is fed through a three-stage microstrip line that acts as an impedance transformer for perfect matching of the antenna impedance to
$$50\,{\Omega\:}$$
at
$$28\:\text{G}\text{H}\text{z}$$
. The development of the antenna design is described in detail, starting with a square patch that is subjected to progressive geometrical modifications in the design stages to reach the final design of the patch antenna. The simulation results show that the antenna has a reflection coefficient magnitude of less than
$$-35\:\text{d}\text{B}$$
at an axial ratio of less than 0.5 dB at 28 GHz. The technique used to generate the radiated circular polarized waves is demonstrated by investigating the surface current on the printed patch at the resonant frequency. The primary objective of the proposed design is not to produce a high-gain antenna, but rather to produce a low-profile planar antenna to serve as a building block for CP antenna systems such as multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) antennas, beam steering, and beamforming antenna arrays operating at 28 GHz. The designed antenna is fabricated and subjected to experimental evaluation. The numerical simulation results and the practical measurements came in good consent from the impedance matching and axial ratio (AR) of the radiated circular polarized wave perspectives. The input impedance is matched to the feeding line over a 1-GHz band, from 27.5 GHz to 28.5 GHz. The radiated wave is circularly polarized with AR less than 3 dB over about 0.4 GHz band starting from 27.8 GHz to 28.2 GHz. The peak gain of the designed antenna is 7 dBi and the radiation efficiency exceeds 90% all over the band of impedance matching. The performance of the antenna is compared with those of other antenna designs presented in some recent publications.
N6-methyladenosine (m6A)-forming enzyme METTL3 controls UAF1 stability to promote inflammation in a model of colitis by stimulating NLRP3
Authors: Lai Yongqiang , Liu Junhao , Hu Xiao , Zeng Xiancheng , Gao Peng
Published: February 2025

Background

The rising incidence of ulcerative colitis (UC) in China poses a noticeable health challenge. This study aimed to assess the pivotal role of USP1-associated factor 1 (UAF1) in colitis. UC was induced in male C57BL/6 mice using 2.0% dextran sulfate sodium (DSS). In an in vitro model, RAW264.7 cells were exposed to 200 ng/ml of LPS + ATP. UAF1 expression level was evaluated in colonic tissues, macrophages, and serum samples using quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). The study assessed weight, disease activity index (DAI) score, myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity, crypt length, inflammatory factors, and epithelial cell function in a mouse model of colitis treated with a UAF1 inhibitor. Microarray analysis identified potential UAF1 targets. Gene interference investigated NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) involvement in UAF1-induced colitis inflammation. Immunoprecipitation, ubiquitination, and luciferase assays examined the effects of methyltransferase-like 3 (METTL3) methylation on the expression levels of NLRP3 and UAF1. UAF1 expression level was upregulated in colon tissues, RAW264.7 macrophages, and serum samples of colitis mice (P < 0.01). The UAF1 inhibitor (ML-323) enhanced weight and reduced DAI score in colitis mice (P < 0.01). It also decreased MPO activity and ulcer area, and restored crypt length (P < 0.01). UAF1 inhibitor improved epithelial cell function by suppressing NLRP3 activity (P < 0.01). UAF1 promoted inflammation in RAW264.7 macrophages via NLRP3 inflammasome induction (P < 0.01). UAF1 modulated NLRP3 protein expression, leading to reduced NLRP3 ubiquitination induced by LPS + ATP. The m6A-forming enzyme METTL3 enhanced UAF1 stability (P < 0.01) to facilitate UAF1 expression. The findings suggested that METTL3, as an m6A-forming enzyme, could regulate UAF1 mRNA, promoting inflammation in colitis through NLRP3 induction. Inhibiting UAF1 emerges as a potential therapeutic strategy for colitis.
Design and implementation of PLA/GO/metal oxide composites for CO2 sensing application
Authors: Amin Khaled S. , Yassin Mohamed M. , Abdallah Yahia M. , Alsayyad Yusuf M. , Mabied Ahmed F. , Elhaes Hanan , Ibrahim Medhat A.
Published: February 2025

This study investigates the modification of polylactic acid (PLA) by the incorporation of graphene oxide (GO) and metal oxides (ZnO and CuO), with the aim of developing efficient CO₂ sensors. Key properties, including total dipole moment (TDM), energy gap (ΔE), molecular electrostatic potential (MESP), and density of states (DOS), were calculated using density functional theory (DFT) to gain insight into the interactions between the composites and CO₂ gas. Experimental techniques such as X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and optical confocal microscopy were used to validate the material composition and bonding mechanisms. The analysis revealed the presence of SiO₂ impurities in the PLA matrix, which could potentially affect the sensing behavior of the composite. The composites demonstrated effective CO₂ sensing capabilities in experimental tests. This combined theoretical and experimental approach demonstrates that PLA/GO/metal oxide composites offer significant potential for sustainable CO₂ sensing, contributing to air quality monitoring and greenhouse gas regulation.
The influence of cyclothymic and hyperthymic affective temperaments on glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes
Authors: Hargittay Csenge , Vörös Krisztián , Eőry Ajándék , László Andrea , Márkus Bernadett , Szabó Georgina , Tripolszky Bálint , Rihmer Zoltán , Gonda Xénia , Torzsa Péter
Published: February 2025

Affective temperaments are inherited parts of personality determining mood and activity, affecting the management of somatic conditions. We aimed to investigate the association between affective temperaments, depressive symptoms, and self-care (physical activity, smoking, alcohol consumption), and their effect on glycemic control, among patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) in general practice, in a cross-sectional study enrolling 338 consecutive patients from six primary care practices in Hungary. A self-administered questionnaire (history, anthropometric, socioeconomic, laboratory parameters), the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), the Hamilton Anxiety Scale, and the Temperament Evaluation of Memphis, Pisa, Paris, and San Diego Autoquestionnaire were used. Cyclothymic affective temperament determined HbA1c levels in regression analysis (p = 0.002), and the BDI score (p = 0.048). In causal mediation analyses, cyclothymic affective temperament was directly associated with higher HbA1c (p = 0.008). Hyperthymic affective temperament was indirectly associated with lower HbA1c, mediated by BDI (p = 0.034). Depressive, anxious, and irritable affective temperaments, and lifestyle factors were not associated with HbA1c neither in regression nor in mediation analysis as direct or mediating factors. Among primary care patients with T2DM, cyclothymic temperament correlates with worse glycemic control, independently of depressive symptoms. Hyperthymic temperament reduces depressive symptoms, thereby improving glycemic control. Identifying affective temperaments may improve diabetes care.
Development of abnormal diagnosis and factory evaluation standards for RV reducer based on vibration characteristics
Authors: Wang Xin , Li Chunlei , Lin Suben
Published: February 2025

Vibration characteristics are important reference indicators for reflecting the overall performance of RV reducers. At present, there is no factory testing standard for vibration characteristics applicable to production enterprises in the industry. This study conducted vibration characteristic tests on RV40E reducers at different speed ratios. Through a large number of sample comparisons, suitable vibration characteristic factory testing standards for production enterprises were provided. Detailed on-site inspection standards have been developed based on research and analysis results for defective products such as eccentricity, gear defects, and detection errors. This standard can cover 90% of defect types within the factory. The samples are specific and executable. This study solves the problem of the lack of clear vibration detection standards in the industry. For the first time, such a detailed sample set of internal data within a company has been provided. It has extremely practical engineering application value and provides data reference for the development of RV reducer industry.
An Australian perspective on clinical, economic and regulatory considerations in emerging nanoparticle therapies for infections
Authors: Muir Benjamin W. , Payne Jennifer A. E. , Martin Jennifer H. , O’ Shea Riley , Rajesh Sarigama , Blackman Lewis D. , Shen Hsin-Hui , Heazlewood Chad , Bansal Vipul , Morgan Branwen
Published: February 2025

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) poses a growing global health threat. Nanomedicine, combined with drug repurposing, may help extend the effective lifespan of current and new antimicrobials. This review, presents an Australian perspective on nanotechnology-based therapies, highlighting scientific and clinical challenges. Early consideration of the potential barriers to market access may help to accelerate research translation, regulatory approval and patient access to nano-antimicrobial (NAM) drugs for resistant pathogens, not only in Australia, but globally.
Ionic porous materials: from synthetic strategies to applications in gas separation and catalysis
Authors: Lu Xiaofei , Zhang Penghui , Pan Hanqian , Yin Pengyuan , Zhang Peixin , Yang Lifeng , Suo Xian , Cui Xili , Xing Huabin
Published: February 2025

This review summarizes recent advancements in the synthetic strategies of ionic porous materials, and highlights the synergistic interplay of task-specific interactions with pore structure in key applications, including gas separation and catalysis.
Advances in crystalline metal–organic photochromic materials
Authors: Hua Yang , Li Li , hong zhang , Guo Guo-Cong
Published: February 2025

Metal-organic materials have undergone rapid advancements due to their unique structural properties and exceptional application potential. As a key branch, crystalline metal-organic photochromic materials (CMOPMs), have attracted significant attention for...
Understanding the stability of amorphous form of darifenacin
Authors: Nowak Przemysław , Pietrzak Anna , Dudek Marta K
Published: February 2025

Darifenacin (DAR) is a benzofuran derivative used in the treatment of an overactive bladder. In a neat solid phase it shows a propensity to exist in an amorphous form (DAR-A),...
An inter-atomic synergistic Co–Zn diatomic catalyst for efficient H2O2 electrosynthesis in neutral and alkaline media
Authors: Guo Qiuyun , Kong Fantao , Yu Xu , Dai Ningning , Li Qin , Wu Ping , Tian Han , Song Kunming , Sun Wenping , Cui Xiangzhi
Published: February 2025

The diatomic catalyst Co/ZnPc-S-C3N4 shows high catalytic activity and selectivity toward electrosynthesis of H2O2 in both neutral and alkaline media, which is due to the synergistic interaction between adjacent Co–Zn atoms.
Semiconductor-Mediated Radiosensitizers: Progress, Challenges and Perspectives
Authors: Wang Yunsong , Yang Bocan , Liu Shujuan , Song Jiahe , Zhang Jinghuai , Chen Xiangqun , Zheng Nannan , He Liangcan , Cai Wei , Liu Shaoqin
Published: February 2025

Radiotherapy has become one indispensable treatment strategy for treating malignant tumors. However, the therapeutic effect of radiotherapy is limited due to the low sensitivity and large side effects of existing...
Constructing vertically aligned Li+ transport pathways in a flexible solid polymer composite electrolyte by a soft template approach
Authors: Li Shaoyin , Wang Yunke , Anguita Jose , Yang Kai , Silva S. Ravi P.
Published: February 2025

We first synthesized vertically aligned Li0.5La0.5TiO3 (LLTO) nano-arrays via a sol–gel-template method, offering a novel approach to significantly enhance lithium-ion conductivity and stability in composite polymer electrolytes.
Operando evidence on the chirality-enhanced oxygen evolution reaction in intrinsically chiral electrocatalysts†
Authors: Garcés-Pineda Felipe , Yu Jiahao , Mesa Camilo A. , Plana-Ruiz Sergi , Ruano Daniel , Liang Yunchang , Lingenfelder Magalí , Juliá Sixto Giménez , Galan-Mascaros Jose
Published: February 2025

Electrolytic hydrogen is identified as a crucial component in the desired decarbonisation of the chem- ical industry, utilizing renewable energy to split water into hydrogen and oxygen. Water electrolysis still...
A localized surface plasmon resonance effect boosts photocatalytic hydrogen evolution of ZnIn2S4/amorphous MoO3−x nanodot Z-scheme heterojunctions
Authors: Liu Rui , Cui Yunpei , Wang Teng , Liu Jiayou , Liu Bo , Zuo Shuangshuang , Yu Hesheng
Published: February 2025

ZnIn2S4/MoO3−x Z-scheme heterojunctions with a LSPR effect were constructed with enhanced photocatalytic hydrogen evolution. The optimized ZnIn2S4/MoO3−x exhibits a hydrogen evolution rate of 11.08 mmol g−1 h−1, which is 8.3 times that of ZIS.
A supramolecular tranexamic acid with enhanced permeability and bioactivity
Authors: Wang Zhenyuan , Dong Tie , Yang Jin , Wang Yiyu , Wang Mi , Zhang Jiaheng
Published: February 2025

We developed a supramolecular tranexamic acid by combining with glycolic acid, resulting in enhanced transdermal permeability and bioactivity, while maintaining low irritancy and high biosafety, offering great potential in skincare and whitening.
Promoting Photocatalytic Conversion of Carbon Dioxide to Methanol of Molybdenum Dioxide by Sodium Species
Authors: Wang Zekun , Chen Zhi , Huang Kai , Lu Chengyu , Wang Chunli , Ma Yuting , Liu Yishan , Wang Jiemin , Chen Jianjun , Mi Jinxing , Zhang Liangzhu
Published: February 2025

Mimicking natural photosynthesis to convert CO2 into small energy molecules (e.g., CH4, CH3OH) is of great significance for carbon neutralization. However, the catalytic reaction with high selectivity in the absence...
Wurtzite MgSe: a promising candidate with the excellent visual light transparence and p-type conductivity
Authors: Fan Shuaiwei , Chang JinYan , Yang Liu , Hu Gongwei
Published: February 2025

Transparent conducting materials (TCMs) play a vital role in optoelectronic fields. Till now, the commercially available TCMs are predominantly n-type, and the excellent p-type TCMs are scarce. In this work,...
Thriving in extremes: harnessing the potential of pH-resilient algal strains for enhanced productivity and stability
Authors: Arora Neha , Tripathi Shweta , Philippidis George P. , Kumar Shashi
Published: February 2025

The review emphasizes the unique adaptability mechanism of pH-resilient algae, which can be used for a variety of biotechnological applications critical to accelerating the transition to a sustainable algae-based economy.
Polarizable potential window at soft molecular interfaces as a quantitative descriptor for the water content in organic solvents
Authors: Jin Siqi , Yang Lifang , He Sijia , Fang Taoxiong , Sun Xiaohang , Cai Dandan , Hu Qiong , Huang Xinjian , Deng Haiqiang
Published: February 2025

PPW width is dictated by different probabilities of ion-water finger complex encountering with water molecules in the organic phase.
A fast and robust recipe for modeling nonideal magnetohydrodynamic effects in star formation simulations
Authors: Agianoglou E. , Tritsis A. , Tassis K.
Published: February 2025

Nonideal magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) effects are thought to be a crucial component of the star formation process. Numerically, several complications render the study of nonideal MHD effects in 3D simulations extremely challenging and hinder efforts to explore a large parameter space. Here, we aim to overcome such challenges by proposing a novel physically motivated empirical approximation to model nonideal MHD effects. We performed a number of 2D axisymmetric three-fluid nonideal MHD simulations of collapsing prestellar cores and clouds with non-equilibrium chemistry and leveraged previously published results from similar simulations with different physical conditions. We utilized these simulations to develop a multivariate interpolating function that predicts the ionization fraction in each region of the cloud depending on the local physical conditions. We subsequently used analytically derived simplified expressions to calculate the resistivities of the cloud in each grid cell. Therefore, in our new approach, the resistivities are calculated without the use of a chemical network. We benchmarked our method against additional 2D axisymmetric nonideal MHD simulations with random initial conditions and a 3D nonideal MHD simulation with non-equilibrium chemistry. We find excellent quantitative and qualitative agreement between our approach and the ``full'' nonideal MHD simulations both in terms of the spatial structure of the simulated clouds and regarding their time evolution. At the same time, we achieved a factor of ∼10^2-10^3 increase in computational speed. Given that we ignored the contribution of grains to the resistivities our approximation is valid up to number densities of ∼10^6 cm^ and is therefore suitable for parsec-scale simulations of molecular clouds and/or simulations of stratified boxes.
The initial mass-remnant mass relation for core collapse supernovae
Authors: Ugolini Cristiano , Limongi Marco , Schneider Raffaella , Chieffi Alessandro , Niccolò Di Carlo Ugo , Spera Mario
Published: February 2025

The first direct detection of gravitational waves in 2015 marked the beginning of a new era for the study of compact objects. Upcoming detectors, such as the Einstein Telescope, are expected to add thousands of binary coalescences to the list. However, from a theoretical perspective, our understanding of compact objects is hindered by many uncertainties, and a comprehensive study of the nature of stellar remnants from core-collapse supernovae is still lacking. In this work, we investigate the properties of stellar remnants using a homogeneous grid of rotating and non-rotating massive stars at various metallicities. We simulated the supernova explosion of the evolved progenitors using the HYdrodynamic Ppm Explosion with Radiation diffusION (HYPERION) code, assuming a thermal bomb model calibrated to match the main properties of SN1987A. We find that the heaviest black hole that can form depends on the initial stellar rotation, metallicity, and the assumed criterion for the onset of pulsational pair-instability supernovae. Non-rotating progenitors at met=-3 can form black holes up to ∼ 87 thus falling within the theorized pair-instability mass gap. Conversely, enhanced wind mass loss prevents the formation of BHs more massive than ∼ 41.6 from rotating progenitors. We used our results to study the black hole mass distribution from a population of $10^6$ isolated massive stars following a Kroupa initial mass function. Finally, we provide fitting formulas to compute the mass of compact remnants as a function of stellar progenitor properties. Our up-to-date prescriptions can be easily implemented in rapid population synthesis codes.
Accretion disc winds imprint distinct signatures in the optical variability spectrum of black hole transients
Authors: Vincentelli Federico M. , Muñoz-Darias Teo
Published: February 2025

Quantifying the variability, measured as the root mean square (rms), of accreting systems as a function of energy is a powerful tool for constraining the physical properties of these objects. Here, we present the first application of this method to optical spectra of low-mass X-ray binaries. We used high-time-resolution data of the black hole transient V404 Cygni, obtained with the Gran Telescopio Canarias during its 2015 outburst. During this event, conspicuous wind-related features, such as P-Cygni profiles, were detected in the flux spectra. We find that rms spectra are rich in spectral features, although they are typically morphologically different from their flux counterparts. Specifically, we typically observe absorption components in correspondence to the presence of emission lines in the flux spectra. Similarly, when analysing segments with significant variability in the optical flux, P-Cygni line profiles appear inverted in the rms spectra (i.e. enhanced variability in the blue-shifted region, accompanied by a decrease in that associated with the red component). We discuss the possible origin of these features, which resemble those found in other objects, such as active galactic nuclei. Finally, we highlight the potential of this technique for future searches for wind-type outflows in accreting compact objects.
Repeating fast radio bursts from synchrotron maser radiation in localized plasma blobs: Application to FRB 20121102A
Authors: Li Xiao , Lyu Fen , Ming Zhang Hai , Deng Can-Min , Liang En-Wei
Published: February 2025

The radiation physics of repeating fast radio bursts (FRBs) remains enigmatic. Motivated by the observed narrow-banded emission spectrum and ambiguous fringe pattern of the spectral peak frequency (ν_ pk) distribution of some repeating FRBs, such as FRB 20121102A, we propose that the bursts from repeating FRBs arise from synchrotron maser radiation in localized blobs within weakly magnetized plasma that relativistically moves toward observers. Assuming the plasma moves toward the observers with a bulk Lorentz factor of Γ=100 and the electron distribution in an individual blob is monoenergetic e ∼300), our analysis shows that bright and narrow-banded radio bursts with peak flux density ∼ 1 $ Jy $ at peak frequency (ν_ pk) ∼ 3.85 GHz can be produced by the synchrotron maser emission if the plasma blob has a magnetization factor of σ∼10^-5 and a frequency of P ∼ 4.5 MHz. The spectrum of bursts with lower ν_ pk tends to be narrower. Applying our model to the bursts of FRB 20121102A, the distributions of both the observed ν_ pk and isotropic energy E_ iso detected by the Arecibo telescope at the L band and the Green Bank Telescope at the C band are successfully reproduced. We find that the ν_ P distribution exhibits several peaks, similar to those observed in the ν_ pk distribution of FRB 20121102A. This implies that the synchrotron maser emission in FRB 20121102A is triggered in different plasma blobs with varying ν_ P, likely due to the inhomogeneity of relativistic electron number density.
Cold molecular gas in the hot nuclear wind of the Milky Way
Authors: Heyer M. , Di Teodoro E. , Loinard L. , Lockman F.J. , McClure-Griffiths N.M. , Wang Q.D.
Published: February 2025

Using the Large Millimeter Telescope and the SEQUOIA 3 mm focal plane array, we have searched for molecular line emission from two atomic clouds associated with the Fermi Bubble of the Milky Way. Neither nor J=1-0 emission is detected from the cloud, MW-C20. J=1-0 emission is detected from MW-C21 that is distributed within 11 clumps with most of the CO luminosity coming from a single clump. However, we find no emission to a 3σ brightness temperature limit of 0.3 K. Using this limit and RADEX non-local thermodynamic equilibrium (non-LTE) excitation models, we derive column density upper limits of (0.4-3)times10^21 for a set of physical conditions and a to abundance ratio of 10^4. Model CO-to- conversion factors are derived for each set of physical conditions. We find the maximum value is 1.6times10^20 cm^-2/(K km ). Increasing co to 10^5 to account for photodissociation and cosmic ray ionization increases the column density and upper limits by a factor of 10. Applying these limits to the CO luminosities, the upper limit on the total molecular mass in MW-C21 is 132±2 corresponding to $<$27% of the neutral gas mass. For the three clumps that are fully resolved, lower limits to the virial ratios are 288±32, 68±28, and 157±39, which suggest that these structures are bound by external pressure to remain dynamically stable over the entrainment time of 2times10^6 years or are being disrupted by shear and expansion over the clump crossing times of 3-8times10^5 years. The observations presented in this study add to the growing census of cold gas entrained within the Galactic Center wind.
Die Rechtsfrage: Muss ich offensichtlich radikale Menschen behandeln?
Authors: Schlegel Thomas
Published: February 2025

Ein Patient mit deutlich erkennbaren rechtsradikalen Tattoos kommt in meine Praxis. Aufgrund der extremen politischen Richtung möchte ich ihn eigentlich nicht behandeln. Muss ich das trotzdem tun? Ab wann greift das Hausrecht? Was ist, wenn dieser Patient sich rufschädigend auf meine Praxis auswirkt, weil er im Trainingsraum mit diesen Tattoos öffentlich trainiert?

Therapeutin aus Bayern
Mein Freund Elmo – Mit dem Exoskelett wieder auf den Beinen
Authors: Eißmann Sven
Published: February 2025

Von wegen nicht mehr laufen können! Die Aussage der Ärzte aus dem Krankenhaus nimmt Lea nicht mehr für voll. Dafür geht sie viel zu gerne im Gebirge wandern, nimmt an Laufveranstaltungen teil und spaziert in Menschenmengen über die Märkte. Dass sie vom 10. Brustwirbel abwärts gelähmt ist, hält sie nicht mehr auf: Mit ihrem Exoskelett „Elmo“ erlebt sie alles auf Augenhöhe. Lea ist eine, die kämpft, wieder aufsteht und andere dazu motiviert, es ihr gleichzutun.
Die Europäische Physiotherapie-Leitlinie Parkinson und spezifische Assessments
Authors: Barthel Claudia
Published: February 2025

Ein zentraler Baustein in der Behandlung von Patient*innen mit Parkinson (PmP) ist die evidenzbasierte Physiotherapie. Sie bietet bei der Behandlung ein strukturiertes und wirksames Vorgehen, das sowohl motorische als auch nicht motorische Symptome adressiert. Dieser Artikel fasst spezifische Assessments zusammen, deren Anwendung eine Voraussetzung für das Festlegen der effektiven Therapieziele ist.
Validierung eines Entscheidungsbaums für das selektive Trockenstellen
von Milchkühen für ein digitales Expertensystem
Authors: Stoll Anna , Pichlmeier Alicia , Zerbe Holm , Onken Folkert , Gerke Julia Sophia , Grandl Florian , Ziegler Leonid , Martin Rainer
Published: February 2025

In Rahmen dieser Studie wurde ein aus der wissenschaftlichen Literatur
abgeleiteter Entscheidungsbaum zum selektiven Trockenstellen (ST), welcher
als Wissensbasis für ein digitales Expertensystem entwickelt wurde,
evaluiert. Der Entscheidungsbaum fusioniert algorithmische (anhand von
Zellzahlergebnissen) und kulturelle (anhand von Milchprobenbefunden)
Ansätze.

Während einer zweijährigen Projektphase (August 2021–September 2023) wurde
das ST auf 19 Milchviehbetrieben in Süddeutschland entsprechend des
Entscheidungsbaumes durchgeführt, ohne dass spezifische Anforderungen an die
Herdeneutergesundheit der Betriebe vor Beginn gestellt wurden. Insgesamt
wurden 1369 Trockenstellbeobachtungen erfasst. Ausgewertet wurden die
Trockenstellfälle hinsichtlich Umsetzung der Empfehlungen, Zellgehalt bei
der ersten Milchleistungskontrolle nach der Kalbung, Anteil der
Neuinfektionen und Heilungen während der Trockenstehphase in Abhängigkeit
von der Umsetzung der Trockenstellempfehlung sowie des
Eutergesundheitsstatus der Herde.

Über alle Betriebe wurden 38,4% der Kühe ohne ein antibiotisches
Trockenstellpräparat trockengestellt. Das Einsparpotenzial für Antibiotika
variierte stark zwischen den Betrieben (Range: 2,4–71,3%). In 75,9% der
Fälle konnte eine Trockenstellempfehlung bereits aufgrund der vorliegenden
Eutergesundheitsdaten erfolgen; nur bei etwa 25% der Kühe bedurfte die
Trockenstellempfehlung einer mikrobiologischen Untersuchung von
Viertelanfangsgemelksproben.

Die Milchzellzahl nach der Trockenperiode lag bei Tieren, die ohne und mit
einem antibiotischen Langzeitpräparat trockengestellt wurden, im Mittel
unter 100 000 Zellen/ml. Die Anteile an Neuinfektionen und Heilungen während
der Trockenperiode unterschieden sich zwischen Tieren mit oder ohne
antibiotischem Trockenstellpräparat nicht signifikant.

Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass mit Hilfe des entwickelten Entscheidungsbaums das
ST in Milchviehbetrieben sicher durchgeführt werden kann, ohne die
Eutergesundheit zu gefährden. Somit kann dieser Entscheidungsbaum als
zuverlässige Wissensbasis für ein digitales Expertensystem zur Optimierung
des Trockenstellmanagements in Milchviehbetrieben dienen.
Studie für Patienten mit Tumoren beim Hippel-von-Lindau-Syndrom und Basket-Kohorte für solide Tumoren
Authors: Rexer H. , Kroiß Matthias , Bedke J.
Published: February 2025

Eine klinische Prüfung zu Phäochromozytomen, Paragangliomen, neuroendokrinen Pankreastumoren bei von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) Syndrom assoziierten Tumoren und Kohorte zu soliden Tumoren (AN 60/22 of AUO, LITESPARK-015).
Shrimp hubs in the Hindmarsh–Rose model
Authors: Stenzinger Rafael V. , Luz Oliveira Vinícius , Tragtenberg M. H. R.
Published: February 2025

In a previous work, we reported cardiac behaviors and, most notably, chaotic arrhythmias of the early afterdepolarization type in the Hindmarsh–Rose model. This behavior appeared to be associated with shrimp-shaped structures in the phase diagram. In this work, we investigate the shrimp region in more detail. We show that shrimps are in fact organized in a spiral pattern known as a hub. Such structures have previously been hypothesized to exist in the Hindmarsh–Rose model but have never been found. Using bifurcation and phase diagrams based on the interspike interval, together with the Lyapunov exponents, we characterize the region of interest. We further clarify the biological behaviors present there and their placement. We use the arrhythmic cardiac behaviors to calculate the corresponding electrocardiogram and interpret its meaning in a clinical setting. We also investigate the movement of the shrimp hub in the parameter space as we change a key parameter of the model. We find evidence that the hub disappears as we decrease the parameter in the direction of one of the most commonly used Hindmarsh–Rose phase diagrams.
Effect of magnetron sputtering parameters on the performance of synthesized Fe/Co–N–C catalysts
Authors: Li Tengfei , Yan Nongyang , Liu Quan , Wang Kun , Wu Zhengwei
Published: February 2025

In this study, using magnetron sputtering technology, we successfully prepared Fe/Co–N–C thin film catalysts on the tip of a movable glassy carbon rotating disk electrode. By carefully adjusting the temperature, time, and power parameters during the preparation process, we synthesized three groups of catalysts with different characteristics. We undertook a thorough investigation to assess the influence of magnetron sputtering parameters on the electrochemical characteristics of the catalyst thin film, specifically designed for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). Our investigation involved a series of experiments, where we varied the temperature, time, and power settings to observe their effects on the catalysts’ characteristics and performance. The scanning electron microscopy examination revealed nuanced variations in the surface morphologies of the catalysts prepared under diverse parameters. To better comprehend the catalysts’ constitution and characteristics, we performed x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis on a representative Fe/Co–N–C sample prepared at 600 °C for 60 min with a power setting of 20 W. The test results showed that the catalyst was rich in active nitrogen elements, and active sites such as C–N, Fe–N, and Co–N had significant catalytic effects on the ORR. The electrochemical performance testing results showed that the catalysts’ ORR performance exhibited a quadratic function trend with changes in experimental parameters. In particular, as the temperature, time, and power increased, the ORR performance of the catalyst gradually increased, reaching an optimal value before beginning to decrease.