bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dietary Stories of One Household: Multi-proxy Study of Food Remains at Dominikonų St. 11 in Vilnius Between 15th-18th Century
Authors: Karaliūtė Rūta , Žvirblys Atas , Ananyevskaya Elina , Motuzaitė Matuzevičiūtė Giedrė
Published: March 2023

This article presents research results from the archaeological excavation in the territory of Dominikonų St. 11 in Vilnius Old Town. In order to present as thorough dietary reconstructions of people who lived here as possible, four groups of evidence were combined together: archaeological artifacts, historical datasets, zooarchaeological research and archaeobotanical investigation. The analyzed materials are covering a wide chronological range (between 15th and 18th century) allowing us to observe the dietary changes in relation to architectural development, spatial distribution. This research shows changes in human diet across time from pre-Palace human diet consisting of grain and cattle meat to imported oysters, veal, game, and wines during the Palace period.
Sukow Ware at Vester Egesborg, Denmark?
Authors: Ulriksen Jens Molter , Brorsson Torbjörn
Published: March 2023

During archaeological excavations at Vester Egesborg, a landing site from the Late Germanic Iron Age and Viking Age was found. The find material at the site was large and varied, providing proof of contacts with other places in the southern Baltic Sea area. This includes a significant number of sherds looking like Early Slavic Sukow pottery, which suggests contacts between Slavs in Mecklenburg and the Scandinavian population in the Early Viking Age. It is difficult to distinguish between Sukow Ware and contemporary South Scandinavian pottery in terms of shape and fabric, but the relatively large portion of rim sherds looking like the Slavic pottery type in the ceramic assemblage from Vester Egesborg posed the question of whether Sukow Ware has been imported to the site. ICP-MA/ES analyses of a sample of ceramic sherds suggest the existence of a network including the regions of Scania, Holstein and Schleswig. Evidence for the production of Sukow Ware at Vester Egesborg or in southern Zealand cannot be provided unambiguously.
Archibald L. Fleming, un observateur intéressé ? Entre christianisation et chamanisme, le recensement des Inuit du sud de la terre de Baffin en 1913-1914
Authors: Laugrand Frédéric , Dorais Louis-Jacques
Published: March 2023

À deux reprises, entre 1909 et 1915, Archibald Lang Fleming a séjourné dans la région de Lake Harbour (Kimmirut) pour y convertir les populations à l’anglicanisme. Avant de devenir le tout premier évêque du Diocèse de l’Arctique, il a voyagé en traîneau à chiens avec des Inuit qui l’ont surnommé Inuktauqauq, « le nouveau membre Inuk ». L’essentiel de son travail est demeuré l’évangélisation, et c’est dans ce cadre qu’il a réalisé en 1913-14 un recensement détaillé de tous les Inuit qui vivaient dans des camps situés entre la baie de Cumberland et la région de Cape Dorset. Cet article contextualise ce document inédit et fondamental pour l’histoire des Inuit de la terre de Baffin. Il montre qu’en marge de ce recensement, Fleming s’est interrogé sur les conceptions « païennes » de ses ouailles et, fait rare dans l’histoire des missions, qu’il a même participé à une fête de Sedna. Ces actions fondent l’idée qu’il agissait, selon sa propre expression, comme « un observateur intéressé ».
Épistémologie inuit et pistes de réflexion sur le système d’éducation au Nunavik (Note de recherche)
Authors: Turpin-Samson Alyssa
Published: March 2023

Selon le plan stratégique de la commission scolaire du Nunavik Kativik Ilisarniriliniq (KI), l’éducation doit permettre à l’apprenant inuk de devenir un homme à part entière, c’est-à-dire Inuguiniq. Cet objectif implique que le système d’éducation en place doit promouvoir l’insertion socioprofessionnelle de l’apprenant inuk, et ce, tout en préservant son intégrité culturelle. En s’inspirant du système multiniveau de Kanu (2011), nous proposons différentes pistes de réflexion conceptuelles et pratiques relatives à l’adaptation culturelle du système d’éducation du Nunavik, et ce, grâce à une intégration transversale de l’Inuit Qaujimajatuqangit. Plus précisément, un regard critique est porté sur l’adaptation culturelle des fondements philosophiques et épistémologiques du système d’éducation, des pratiques et des méthodes évaluatives et pédagogiques, du contenu curriculaire ainsi que des objectifs d’apprentissage. À la lumière de notre argumentaire, cette présentation désire proposer des pistes de solution de manière à favoriser l’autonomisation politique et l’autodétermination des Nunavimmiut en matière d’éducation.
Une histoire des services de santé, des services sociaux et des services de protection de la jeunesse au Nunavik : portrait de la littérature (Note de recherche)
Authors: Lévesque Myriam
Published: March 2023

Les recherches sur les services médicaux, les services sociaux et la protection de la jeunesse au Nunavik sont depuis plusieurs années animées par une volonté d’« autochtoniser » la prestation de soins en laissant une plus grande place aux travailleurs inuit et en documentant les inégalités de pouvoirs entre les professionnels allochtones et les bénéficiaires inuit. Peu d’études se sont toutefois penchées sur l’histoire de l’organisation de ces services en territoire nordique, en particulier l’histoire des relations entre les différents acteurs du système de soins au Nunavik. Cette note de recherche vise à mettre en lumière l’état des connaissances actuelles et la littérature existante sur l’histoire des services de santé, des services sociaux et de la Direction de la protection de la jeunesse (DPJ) au Nunavik. En nous appuyant sur l’historiographie et sur les résultats préliminaires d’entretiens conduits entre 2021 et 2022 auprès d’anciens membres du personnel inuit et non inuit, nous souhaitons mettre en valeur les voix des personnes ayant contribué aux services et comprendre l’évolution de ces dernières à travers la perspective des professionnels et de la clientèle. Nous présentons un portrait chronologique des ressources en santé et en services sociaux au Nunavik depuis la première moitié du XXe siècle. Au-delà d’une histoire institutionnelle, les récits de vie nous permettent de documenter la contribution historique du personnel soignant inuit à l’ensemble des services de santé, des services sociaux et des services de protection de la jeunesse au Nunavik et de tracer l’histoire des relations entre les soignants allochtones et la clientèle inuit.
Avaliação do conhecimento prévio e adquirido sobre cárie dentária em graduandos de Odontologia da Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo – UFES
Authors: Daroz Cláudia Batitucci dos Santos , Santos Grazielly Fernandes , Silva Junior Manoelito Ferreira , Simonelli Rosângela , Gomes Maria José , Daroz Luiz Gustavo Dias
Published: March 2023

Objetivo: Avaliar conhecimento prévio e adquirido sobre cárie dentária de graduandos em Odontologia da Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo – UFES. Material e Métodos: Este estudo exploratório teve como grupo amostral (N = 121) acadêmicos de Odontologia do 1o ao 8o períodos. Um questionário sobre os conhecimentos prévios e adquiridos sobre cárie dentária foi aplicado aos estudantes. A análise dos dados foi realizada de forma descritiva (frequências absolutas e relativas) e analítica (testes qui-quadrado e McNemar; p < 0,05). Resultados: Foi observado que quanto ao conceito da cárie dentária, 52,9% adquiriram de 1ª a 4ª séries, e 31,4% de 5ª a 8ª séries. Maior parte do conhecimento obteve-se da graduação em Odontologia (38,8%), da casa/família (28,1%) e dentista particular (13,2%). Os alunos afirmaram que o conhecimento foi aplicado na prática diária (90,1%) e melhorou a própria saúde bucal (95,0%). Foi observada diferença significativa nas respostas quanto à consequência da cárie dentária e necessidade de restauração entre alunos do início do curso (1º período) e do meio e final do curso (4º e 8º períodos) (qui-quadrado; p < 0,05). No entanto, não houve diferença estatística entre os alunos do 4º e 8º períodos. Quanto ao conhecimento sobre cárie dentária dos acadêmicos do 4º período “antes” e “após’’ a inserção no curso de Odontologia, observou-se melhora estatisticamente significante após o ingresso na faculdade (McNemar; p < 0,05). Conclusão: Estudantes passaram adquirir conhecimento efetivo sobre cárie dentária somente após ingressarem na faculdade, tornando-se evidente após o 4º período do curso. Houve relevância das informações coletadas com prática de saúde bucal.Descritores: Cárie dentária. Educação em saúde bucal. Autocuidado.
Tradução e adaptação brasileira do questionário “Assessment of caries diagnosis and caries treatment”
Authors: Tagliaferro Elaine Pereira da Silva , Ridolfi Luana Moreira Loures , Matos Mariana de , Rosell Fernanda Lopez , Valsecki Junior Aylton , Silva Silvio Rocha Correa da , Gordan Valéria Veiga
Published: March 2023

Objetivo: O objetivo deste estudo foi traduzir e realizar a adaptação transcultural do questionário “Assessment of Caries Diagnosis and Caries Treatment”, da Dental Practice Based Research Network (DPBRN), para a língua portuguesa do Brasil. Métodos: O questionário sobre a prática odontológica relacionada ao diagnóstico, prevenção, tratamento e avaliação de risco de cárie passou por tradução e adaptação cultural seguindo critérios pré-estabelecidos: tradução inicial, retrotradução e comitê de revisão. No pré-teste, o questionário foi preenchido por 21 cirurgiões-dentistas (CDs), cuja finalidade foi identificar erros, desvios das traduções e compreensão das perguntas. Após uma semana, 17 CDs preencheram o questionário novamente para avaliar a reprodutibilidade pelo teste de correlação intra-classe. Resultados: A etapa de tradução mostrou que os termos/sentenças traduzidos de forma destoante pelos diferentes pesquisadores eram, na verdade, sinônimos, e indicaram que o processo de tradução foi facilmente realizado. Em relação à compreensão do questionário, 95% (n=20) dos CDs não mostraram dúvida/dificuldade ao preenchê-lo. Os dados de reprodutibilidade mostraram que 42% (n=22) das questões apresentaram correlação satisfatória e 58% (n=31) correlação excelente. Conclusão: Conclui-se que o processo de tradução e adaptação cultural do questionário foi realizado de forma satisfatória e que a versão brasileira do questionário foi facilmente compreendida pela população estudada. Descritores: Inquéritos e questionários. Tradução. Cárie dentária. Odontólogos.
Impacto do traumatismo dentário na qualidade de vida de crianças, adolescentes e suas famílias: revisão crítica da literatura
Authors: Marinho Clarisse da Silva , Martins Letícia Pereira , Bittencourt Jéssica Madeira , Paiva Saul Martins , Bendo Cristiane Baccin
Published: March 2023

Introdução: O traumatismo dentário é considerado um problema de saúde pública e pode causar impacto negativo na qualidade de vida relacionada à saúde bucal (QVRSB) dos indivíduos afetados e de seus familiares. Além disso, pode exercer influência na percepção da QVRSB dos indivíduos devido ao desconforto físico, causado principalmente pela dor e aos problemas psicológicos.

Objetivo: Verificar a associação entre o traumatismo em dentes permanentes e o impacto na QVRSB de crianças, adolescentes e suas famílias, através de uma revisão crítica da literatura. Materiais e Métodos: Foi realizada uma busca bibliográfica na base de dados PubMed, com uma combinação de palavras-chave, sem restrições quanto ao ano de publicação ou idioma. Artigos duplicados foram excluídos e a seleção dos estudos foi realizada em duas etapas: leitura do título e resumo, e os artigos que se encaixavam no tema foram selecionados para leitura completa. Logo após, foi realizada extração de dados dos artigos selecionados utilizando uma tabela padronizada.

Resultados: Dos 397 artigos encontrados, apenas 14 apresentavam todas as informações exigidas pelos critérios metodológicos. Dentre estes estudos, dois utilizaram o desenho de estudo longitudinal, sete utilizaram o desenho transversal e cinco utilizaram o desenho caso-controle. Onze estudos foram realizados no Brasil, um no Canadá, um no Reino Unido e um na Albânia. Os indivíduos abrangidos pela pesquisa possuíam entre 8 e 19 anos de idade. Foram encontradas associações significativas entre traumatismo dentário e impacto na QVRSB em 13 estudos. Traumatismo dentários mais complexos como de dentina e/ou polpa estiveram associados a dificuldade de mastigar e higienizar a boca, problemas emocionais e de socialização, sentimento de culpa nos pais e estresse familiar.

Conclusão: A maioria dos estudos demonstrou que crianças/adolescentes com traumatismo dentário mais grave apresentaram impacto negativo na sua QVRSB e de seus familiares.

Descritores: Traumatismos Dentários. Qualidade de Vida. Criança. Adolescente.
Peptides that Mimic RS repeats modulate phase separation of SRSF1, revealing a reliance on combined stacking and electrostatic interactions
Authors: Fargason Talia , De Silva Naiduwadura Ivon Upekala , Powell Erin , Zhang Zihan , Paul Trenton , Shariq Jamal , Zaharias Steve , Zhang Jun
Published: March 2023

Phase separation plays crucial roles in both sustaining cellular function and perpetuating disease states. Despite extensive studies, our understanding of this process is hindered by low solubility of phase-separating proteins. One example of this is found in SR and SR-related proteins. These proteins are characterized by domains rich in arginine and serine (RS domains), which are essential to alternative splicing and in vivo phase separation. However, they are also responsible for a low solubility that has made these proteins difficult to study for decades. Here, we solubilize the founding member of the SR family, SRSF1, by introducing a peptide mimicking RS repeats as a co-solute. We find that this RS-mimic peptide forms interactions similar to those of the protein’s RS domain. Both interact with a combination of surface-exposed aromatic residues and acidic residues on SRSF1’s RNA Recognition Motifs (RRMs) through electrostatic and cation-pi interactions. Analysis of RRM domains from human SR proteins indicates that these sites are conserved across the protein family. In addition to opening an avenue to previously unavailable proteins, our work provides insight into how SR proteins phase separate and participate in nuclear speckles.
Biocontrol endophytes Bacillus subtilis R31 influence the quality, transcriptome and metabolome of sweet corn
Authors: Shao Mingwei , Chen Yanhong , Gong Qingyou , Miao Shuang , Li Chunji , Sun Yunhao , Qin Di , Guo Xiaojian , Yan Xun , Cheng Ping , Yu Guohui
Published: March 2023

During colonization of soil and plants, biocontrol bacteria can effectively regulate the physiological metabolism of plants and induce disease resistance. To illustrate the influence of Bacillus subtilis R31 on the quality, transcriptome and metabolome of sweet corn, field studies were conducted at a corn experimental base in Zhuhai City. The results show that, after application of B. subtilis R31, sweet corn was more fruitful, with a 18.3 cm ear length, 5.0 cm ear diameter, 0.4 bald head, 403.9 g fresh weight of single bud, 272.0 g net weight of single ear, and 16.5 kernels sweetness. Combined transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses indicate that differentially expressed genes related to plant-pathogen interactions, MAPK signaling pathway-plant, phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, and flavonoid biosynthesis were significantly enriched. Moreover, the 110 upregulated DAMs were mainly involved in the flavonoid biosynthesis and flavone and flavonol biosynthesis pathways. Our study provides a foundation for investigating the molecular mechanisms by which biocontrol bacteria enhance crop nutrition and taste through biological means or genetic engineering at the molecular level.
Study on IoT and Cloud-based Smart Living Room Ventilation System with Real-Time Remote Control and Inspection
Authors: Yu Chul-Min , Park Jeong-Hui , Jang Dong-Ha
Published: March 2023

Currently, fire zone smoke control systems are installed with other systems, such as indoor air control, lighting, and communication, in large scale buildings, such as exhibition halls, marts, and multiplex malls, making it difficult to access and identify the required system. Additionally, most fire zone smoke control equipment are installed in a high position and most of the places are covered the ceiling with finishing material after installation, so inspection and maintenance are difficult and dangerous. By developing a smart fire zone smoke control system, an authorized person can remotely inspect and control it via the internet. Additionally, the real-time self-testing function enables constant inspection and confirmation. Furthermore, the smart living room ventilation system is installed in a duct dedicated to smoke control or combined with air conditioning and ventilation to ensure reliable smoke control performance. By remotely controlling the smart living room ventilation system according to the fire site, it is possible to delay the smoke descent time to the minimum and secure a safe evacuation route.
A Survey to Improve the Education and Training System of Fire Safety Managers
Authors: Choi Yoo-Jeong , Choi Su-Gil , Kim Si-Kuk
Published: March 2023

This study involved a survey of fire safety managers to understand the educational content necessary to improve their job performance. The survey examined awareness of safety management work, standard cognition of firefighting facilities, capacity to maintain firefighting facilities, and so on to identify the elements required for improving the fire safety manager's job performance capabilities. The survey found that the work of fire safety management was satisfactory and that the level of knowledge regarding the structure and operating principles of most facilities is high. However, fire safety managers were found to be struggling to maintain and address firefighting facilities owing to a lack of experience and parallel work. Furthermore, they experienced difficulties operating and inspecting facilities due to a lack of practice opportunities and concerns surrounding malfunctions. The study concluded that an education system that can be easily managed and provides training in firefighting is imperative to improve the performance of fire safety managers.
Evaluation of the Maximum Cognitive Distance per Exit Sign Lighting Colour
Authors: Oh Ryun-Seok , Bae Young-Hoon , Choi Jun-Ho
Published: March 2023

Exit sign lightings shorten evacuation time by informing evacuees of the direction to a safe area . As the information included in the exit sign lighting is easily recognized by evacuees, the time required for route choice and probability of moving in the wrong direction are reduced. In this study, we examined a method to improve cognitive performance using the exit sign lighting color. The maximum cognitive distance was measured for seven colors (red, orange, yellow, green, blue, navy, and purple) in the visible region, from which the exit sign lighting color with the best cognitive performance was derived. The red, blue, navy, and purple have longer maximum cognitive distance than green, which is mainly used in Korea. However, there are no statistically significant differences.
La traducción interdialectal como práctica domesticadora: de Metegol a Futbolín
Authors:   Departamento de Traducción e Interpretación, Facultad de Filosofía y Letras, Universidad de Málaga, Marín Hernández David
Published: March 2023

Metegol es una película de animación estrenada en Argentina en 2013. En su versión original, los personajes fueron doblados por actores argentinos en la variedad rioplatense de la lengua española. Sin embargo, para su distribución en España los coproductores españoles sustituyeron el título Metegol por el de Futbolín, eliminaron las voces argentinas y las reemplazaron por un segundo doblaje en castellano peninsular. En este segundo doblaje no solo se sustituyeron todas las marcas dialectales de la variedad rioplatense por sus equivalentes en el estándar español, sino que se introdujeron algunas modificaciones en el guion original con el objetivo de españolizar la película. Estas modificaciones guardan estrechas semejanzas con las traducciones domesticadoras propias de las culturas dominantes que tratan de asimilar los textos extranjeros eliminando todo lo que en ellos suponga un desafío a los modelos establecidos. En el análisis de esta traducción interdialectal se atenderá especialmente a la importancia del discurso futbolístico como elemento identitario en las sociedades argentina y española. Creemos que el uso instrumental del fútbol como factor de cohesión social es una de las razones por las que los productores de ambos países han sentido la necesidad de ofrecer la película doblada en sus respectivos estándares nacionales, pues la jerga futbolística presenta variantes propias en cada uno de ellos.
La solidaridad vasca en la revitalización lingüística mapuche y quechua
Authors:   Grupo de Investigación ELEBILAB, Universidad del País Vasco / Euskal Herriko Unibertsitate. Centro de Investigación Micaela Portilla, Garaio Mendizabal Beñat , Penman Robbie Felix ,   Departamento de Antropología, Universidad de Montreal
Published: March 2023

En este artículo describimos la solidaridad vasca en asuntos de revitalización lingüística con dos lenguas-culturas de Latinoamérica: quechua (sureño) y mapuche. Damos una visión de conjunto de la solidaridad vasca en la sección 2, y en la sección 3 explicamos la solidaridad vasca con estos pueblos en términos de cuatro procesos o tendencias históricos. De cada proceso o tendencia extraemos algunas implicaciones y propuestas para la solidaridad vasca en la revitalización de lenguas latinoamericanas.
Análise aplicada a sistemas fotovoltaicos off-grid em processos industriais na zona rural
Authors: Da Silva Fernando Carvalho Assunção , Belchior Fernando Nunes , Fonseca Marcelo Nunes
Published: March 2023

As organizações industriais localizadas na zona rural sofrem com constantes interrupções no fornecimento de energia, em função dos baixos investimentos em redes de distribuição por parte da concessionária de energia e por problemas inerentes ao funcionamento das mesmas. São observados, frequentemente, perdas de produção como consequência desta falta de energia. Soluções alternativas de geração de energia estão disponíveis no mercado e é necessária uma análise de viabilidade técnica e financeira para implementação de tais tecnologias. Uma delas, bastante utilizada nos dias atuais, se trata de sistemas fotovoltaicos off grid, os quais são isolados das redes de distribuição, não necessitando da conexão com as mesmas e consequente problemas já relatados. Neste sentido, este resumo trata da viabilidade da utilização desta fonte de energia renovável e consequente substituição das fontes geradoras convencionais à diesel, de modo a apresentar uma solução eficiente e segura para a problemática da falta de energia.
Avaliação de resultados do programa de formação em gestão de pessoas: processo, metodologia e aprimoramentos de programas de desenvolvimento
Authors: Riani Juliana de Lucena Ruas , De Oliveira Kamila Pagel , Bernardi Mônica Moreira Esteves , De Assis Marcos Arcanjo
Published: March 2023

O artigo apresenta os achados da avaliação de resultados da primeira edição do Programa de Formação em Gestão de Pessoas (PFGP), realizado pela Fundação João Pinheiro, em 2020. O PFGP qualifica gestores públicos das áreas central ou setoriais que formulam políticas de gestão de pessoas. Sua primeira edição foi destinada a times de gestores de nove estados brasileiros e ofertou módulos teóricos sobre subsistemas de gestão de pessoas, etapas vivenciais, com estudos e partilha de casos concretos e uma fase maker de elaboração de Planos de Ação. A avaliação desta edição considerou diferentes momentos da execução do programa - antes, durante e depois e inova ao preencher uma lacuna reconhecida pela literatura de desenvolvimento de pessoas, ainda incipiente na reflexão e avaliação de efeitos de programas de formação nos processos de trabalho. O estudo avaliativo mostrou que, na perspectiva dos participantes, o PFGP alcançou os resultados esperados, contribuindo para o desenvolvimento de uma visão estratégica da área de gestão de pessoas, com a realização de práticas transformadoras observadas nos Planos de Ação dos times. Os conteúdos e ferramentas apresentados no curso são percebidos como úteis para o aperfeiçoamento e modernização dos processos de trabalho, o que leva ao melhor planejamento e alinhamento de novas ações e projetos na área. O PFGP também fomentou a constituição de grupos e redes de gestão de pessoas em alguns estados. Os resultados da avaliação foram utilizados para o aprimoramento do programa e já aplicados na sua segunda edição, realizada em 2021.
Biological Uptake of Chromium and Copper from Aqueous Systems by Penicillium notatum Biomass
Authors: Jalija Daniel O. , Uzairu Adamu , Sallau Muhammad S. , Ekwumemgbo Patricia A.
Published: March 2023

Fungi have been shown to play an important role in the bioremediation of contaminated water and soils. The biosorption potential of a fungus, Penicillium notatum for chromium and copper ions in aqueous solution of their salts was investigated in this study. The effects of various parameters on the biosorption process were evaluated. These parameters which include biosorbent dose, solution pH, contact time and initial metal ion concentration were evaluated. The study showed that the maximum removal efficiency for chromium ions was recorded at pH 5 while that for copper was attained at pH 9. There was also an increase in biosorptive amount with increase in initial metal ion concentration for both ions. The equilibrium data for copper fitted better to the Langmuir isotherm compared to the Freundlich isotherm while that of chromium had a better fit for Freundlich isotherm compared to the Langmuir model. The maximum biosorption capacity, Qo, for chromium and copper obtained from the Langmuir plots are 23.15 and 4.02 (mg/g) respectively. This shows that Penicillium notatum biomass has the ability to remove these metal ions from contaminated waters under suitable conditions.
Long History of Multiple Painless Scalp Nodules in a Middle-aged Woman
Authors: Li Yue-hua , Wei Cheng-jiang , Wang Zhi-chao
Published: March 2023

A woman in her late 40s presented with a 40-year history of hard nodules on the scalp, feet, trunk, and lower extremities. What is your diagnosis?
Continued Performance Improvement—What Practicing Surgeons Can Learn From Athletes
Authors: Skinner Sarah , Duclos Antoine
Published: March 2023

This Viewpoint describes how surgeons can optimize performance with methods for continuous performance improvement used by athletes.
MicroRNA 483‐3p overexpression unleashes invasive growth of metastatic colorectal cancer via NDRG1 downregulation and ensuing activation of the ERBB3/AKT axis
Authors: Candiello Ermes , Reato Gigliola , Verginelli Federica , Gambardella Gennaro , D′Ambrosio Antonio , Calandra Noemi , Orzan Francesca , Iuliano Antonella , Albano Raffaella , Sassi Francesco , Luraghi Paolo , Comoglio Paolo M. , Bertotti Andrea , Trusolino Livio , Boccaccio Carla
Published: March 2023

In colorectal cancer, the mechanisms underlying tumor aggressiveness require further elucidation. Taking advantage of a large panel of human metastatic colorectal cancer xenografts and matched stem‐like cell cultures (m‐colospheres), here we show that the overexpression of microRNA 483‐3p (miRNA‐483‐3p; also known as MIR‐483‐3p), encoded by a frequently amplified gene locus, confers an aggressive phenotype. In m‐colospheres, endogenous or ectopic miRNA‐483‐3p overexpression increased proliferative response, invasiveness, stem cell frequency, and resistance to differentiation. Transcriptomic analyses and functional validation found that miRNA‐483‐3p directly targets NDRG1, known as a metastasis suppressor involved in EGFR family downregulation. Mechanistically, miRNA‐483‐3p overexpression induced the signaling pathway triggered by ERBB3, including AKT and GSK3β, and led to the activation of transcription factors regulating epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT). Consistently, treatment with selective anti‐ERBB3 antibodies counteracted the invasive growth of miRNA‐483‐3p‐overexpressing m‐colospheres. In human colorectal tumors, miRNA‐483‐3p expression inversely correlated with NDRG1 and directly correlated with EMT transcription factor expression and poor prognosis. These results unveil a previously unrecognized link between miRNA‐483‐3p, NDRG1, and ERBB3‐AKT signaling that can directly support colorectal cancer invasion and is amenable to therapeutic targeting.
OptImal Gamma kNife lIghTnIng sOlutioN (IGNITION) score to characterize the solution space of the Gamma Knife FIP optimizer for stereotactic radiosurgery
Authors: Tolakanahalli Ranjini , Wieczorek D Jay J. , Lee Yongsook C. , Tom Martin C. , Hall Matthew D. , McDermott Michael W. , Mehta Minesh P. , Kotecha Rupesh , Gutierrez Alonso N.
Published: March 2023

Objectives

The objective of this study is to evaluate the user‐defined optimization settings in the Fast Inverse Planning (FIP) optimizer in Leksell GammaPlan® and determine the parameters that result in the best stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) plan quality for brain metastases, benign tumors, and arteriovenous malformations (AVMs).

Methods

Thirty patients with metastases and 30 with benign lesions—vestibular schwannoma, AVMs, pituitary adenoma, and meningioma‐treated with SRS were evaluated. Each target was planned by varying the low dose (LD) and beam‐on‐time (BOT) penalties in increments of 0.1, from 0 to 1. The following plan quality metrics were recorded for each plan: Paddick conformity index (PCI), gradient index (GI), BOT, and maximum organ‐at‐risk (OAR) doses. A novel objective score matrix was calculated for each target using a linearly weighted combination of the aforementioned metrics. A histogram of optimal solutions containing the five best scores was extracted.

Results

A total of 7260 plans were analyzed with 121 plans per patient for the range of LD/BOT penalties. The ranges of PCI, GI, and BOT across all metastatic lesions were 0.58–0.97, 2.1–3.8, and 8.8–238 min, respectively, and were 0.13–0.97, 2.1–3.8, and 8.8–238 min, respectively, for benign lesions. The objective score matrix showed unique optimal solutions for metastatic lesions and benign lesions. Additionally, the plan metrics of the optimal solutions were significantly improved compared to the clinical plans for metastatic lesions with equivalent metrics for all other cases.

Conclusion

In this study, FIP optimizer was evaluated to determine the optimal solution space to maximize PCI and minimize GI, BOT and OAR doses simultaneously for single metastatic/benign/non‐neoplastic targets. The optimal solution chart was determined using a novel objective score which provides novice and expert planners a roadmap to generate the most optimal plans efficiently using FIP.
Californian, The Third Way
Authors: Kuo Max
Published: March 2023

There are three ways to be Californian, suggests UCLA lecturer Max Kuo. In determining that Alvin Huang, principal of Synthesis Design + Architecture, is a third‐way Californian, he charts his emergence as an architect via his postgraduate studies at the Architectural Association in London and working at the esteemed offices of Zaha Hadid and Amanda Levete, before moving to California to start his own practice and finding China particularly hospitable to his architecture.
Material Imageability: The Architecture of Façades and Envelopes
Authors: Brownell Blaine
Published: March 2023

Orchestrating façades and fenestration has become a much elevated art in contemporary California. Highly articulating the way a building faces onto the street is an expertise of Oakland‐based architect Thom Faulders. Blaine Brownell, architect, educator and researcher in emergent materials, examines Faulders Studio's recent oeuvre and its audacious and attractive material expression.
Do Dream Landscapes Have Earthquakes?
Authors: Meyer Nicole
Published: March 2023

Once there was a certainty about the world and how architecture might be created and read. Nicole Meyer, archivist at Morphosis, believes this is no longer true, and that individual perspectives and the navigation of reality and various media platforms is akin to dreaming, causing an evolving plasticity in our perceptions of architecture. She investigates these propositions through the work of LA‐based Preliminary Research Office.
Housing the Unhoused: Los Angeles Architects Rise to the Challenge
Authors: Anderton Frances
Published: March 2023

Author Frances Anderton describes the plight of California's unhoused, which is particularly endemic in Los Angeles. She identifies the causes and documents how some of the state's most talented architects are helping to mitigate the problem through the creation of high‐quality affordable housing and temporary stepping‐stone accommodation.
Calibration‐Free and High‐Sensitivity Microwave Detectors Based on InAs/InP Nanowire Double Quantum Dots
Authors: Cornia Samuele , Demontis Valeria , Zannier Valentina , Sorba Lucia , Ghirri Alberto , Rossella Francesco , Affronte Marco
Published: March 2023

At the cutting‐edge of microwave detection technology, novel approaches which exploit the interaction between microwaves and quantum devices are rising. In this study, microwaves are efficiently detected exploiting the unique transport features of InAs/InP nanowire double quantum dot‐based devices, suitably configured to allow the precise and calibration‐free measurement of the local field. Prototypical nanoscale detectors are operated both at zero and finite source‐drain bias, addressing and rationalizing the microwave impact on the charge stability diagram. The detector performance is addressed by measuring its responsivity, quantum efficiency and noise equivalent power that, upon impedance matching optimization, are estimated to reach values up to ≈2000 A W−1, 0.04 and ≈, respectively. The interaction mechanism between the microwave field and the quantum confined energy levels of the double quantum dots is unveiled and it is shown that these semiconductor nanostructures allow the direct assessment of the local intensity of the microwave field without the need for any calibration tool. Thus, the reported nanoscale devices based on III‐V nanowire heterostructures represent a novel class of calibration‐free and highly sensitive probes of microwave radiation, with nanometer‐scale spatial resolution, that may foster the development of novel high‐performance microwave circuitries.
Ultralow‐Salt‐Concentration Electrolyte for High‐Voltage Aqueous Zn Metal Batteries
Authors: Qian Long , Zhu Haojie , Qin Tingting , Yao Rui , Zhao Jianwei , Kang Feiyu , Yang Cheng
Published: March 2023

Aqueous Zn metal batteries are regarded as a promising pathway for large‐scale energy storage systems due to their green, low‐cost, and intrinsically safe characteristics. However, they have long been suffered from narrow voltage windows and severe parasitic reactions (e.g., hydrogen evolution, corrosion, etc.), which hinder their further development. The above challenges are essentially related to the existence of hydrated ions (i.e., Zn(H2O)x2+ and SO42−·(H2O)x), which are highly reactive species. Herein, a counterintuitive ultralow‐salt‐concentration electrolyte strategy to solve the aforementioned problems by decreasing Zn salt concentration to reduce active hydrated ions is presented, so as to minimize water‐induced side reactions and thus anomalously enlarge the electrolyte splitting voltage window. Additionally, the gap between the charge and discharge medium voltages of full cells is also narrowed due to the reduced polarization in the ultralow‐salt‐concentration electrolyte. By adopting this strategy, the Zn‐Fe4[Fe(CN)6]3 full cell stably works at a high‐voltage of 1.40–2.30 V with a high cathode loading of ≈7 mg cm−2 and the Zn‐polyaniline full cell can stably work at 0.50–1.50 V with a high cathode loading of ≈11 mg cm−2.
Ferromagnetic Cytocompatible Glass‐Ceramic Porous Microspheres for Magnetic Hyperthermia Applications
Authors: Molinar‐Díaz Jesús , Woodliffe John Luke , Milborne Benjamin , Murrell Lauren , Islam Md Towhidul , Steer Elisabeth , Weston Nicola , Morley Nicola A. , Brown Paul D. , Ahmed Ifty
Published: March 2023

Highly porous, ferromagnetic glass‐ceramic P40‐Fe3O4 microspheres (125–212 µm) with enhanced cytocompatibility have been manufactured for the first time via a facile, rapid, single‐stage flame spheroidization process. Dispersions of Fe3O4 and Ca2Fe2O5 domains (≈10 µm) embedded within P40 (40P2O5‐16CaO‐24MgO‐20Na2O in mol%) phosphate‐based glass matrices show evidence for remanent magnetization (0.2 Am2 kg−1) and provide for controlled induction heating to a constant level of 41.9 °C, making these materials highly appropriate for localized magnetic hyperthermia applications. Complementary, cytocompatibility investigations confirm the suitability of P40‐Fe3O4 porous microspheres for biomedical applications. It is suggested that the flame‐spheroidization process opens up new opportunities for the development of innovative synergistic biomaterials, toward bone‐tissue regenerative applications.
Highly Flexible Electroluminescent Devices Based on Super Durable AlN‐Dispersed Ag Ultrathin Films
Authors: Han Zhi , Li Jia , Xia Peng , Huang Jinhua , Tan Ruiqin , Zhang Jinlong , Song Weijie
Published: March 2023

High performance and durable electrodes are prerequisites for the stable operation of various optoelectronic devices, such as alternating current electroluminescence (ACEL) applications. As for the flexible electrodes based on ultrathin metals, which have attracted much attention in recent years, stability problems as evidenced by optically lossy and electrical degradation of the silver (Ag) layer in the service environment are the key issues to be solved before its practical application. This work prepares ultrathin and stable doped silver films by introducing a small amount of AlN during the sputtering process. The Ag‐AlN thin films exhibit a comprehensive stability promotion in terms of high temperature (250 °C in the air) and damp‐heat (85 °C, 85% relative humidity (RH) for 12 h) test compared with pure Ag counterpart. In addition, flexible ACEL devices based on AZO/Ag‐AlN/AZO/polyethylene terephthalate (PET) films with a luminance of 176.1 cd m−2 at 300 V and 400 Hz and excellent luminescence performance and mechanical flexibility under operating conditions are developed. Such ACEL devices based on these ultrathin and durable Ag‐AlN films are up‐and‐coming in practical, flexible electronics applications.
The Polysulfide‐Cathode Binding Energy Landscape for Lithium Sulfide Growth in Lithium‐Sulfur Batteries
Authors: Kim Kiwon , Kim Jaehyun , Moon Jun Hyuk
Published: March 2023

A cathode substrate with strong adsorption of lithium polysulfides (LiPSs) has been preferred for lithium‐sulfur (Li‐S) batteries. However, the recent finding that controlled growth of lithium sulfides (Li2S) during discharge is crucial for S utilization stimulates improvement of this preference. Here, the Li2S growth and cell capacity in the LiPS binding energy landscape of cathode substrates are investigated. Specifically, Co‐based ternary oxides are employed to obtain binding energies in the range of 4.0–7.4 eV. Of these substrates, only the MnCo2O4 substrate with moderate LiPS affinity exhibits 3D Li2S growth. The MnCo2O4 cells achieve high sulfur utilization up to 84% at 0.2 C and excellent performance even under high sulfur loading/lean electrolyte conditions. In contrast, weak affinity substrates such as ZnCo2O4 and strong affinity substrates such as NiCo2O4 and CuCo2O4 exhibit low discharge capacity with 2D Li2S growth. For optimal LiPS affinity driving 3D growth, a balance between promoting LiPS adsorption and diffusion limitation in the LiPS adsorption layer is suggested.
Direct Observation of Transition Metal Ions Evolving into Single Atoms: Formation and Transformation of Nanoparticle Intermediates
Authors: Han Zheng , Wang Yi , Zheng Jiming , Li Ren , Jia Boqian , Li Dingding , Bai Lei , Guo Xuting , Zheng Lirong , Bai Jinbo , Leng Kunyue , Qu Yunteng
Published: March 2023

Understanding the dynamical evolution from metal ions to single atoms is of great importance to the rational development of synthesis strategies for single atom catalysts (SACs) against metal sintering during pyrolysis. Herein, an in situ observation is disclosed that the formation of SACs is ascertained as a two‐step process. There is initially metal sintering into nanoparticles (NPs) (500–600 °C), followed by the conversion of NPs into metal single atoms (Fe, Co, Ni, Cu SAs) at higher temperature (700–800 °C). Theoretical calculations together with control experiments based on Cu unveil that the ion‐to‐NP conversion can arise from the carbon reduction, and NP‐to‐SA conversion being steered by generating more thermodynamically stable Cu‐N4 configuration instead of Cu NPs. Based on the evidenced mechanism, a two‐step pyrolysis strategy to access Cu SACs is developed, which exhibits excellent ORR performance.
A Multimodal Sensing CMOS Imager Based on Dual‐Focus Imaging
Authors: Dong Hao , Zheng Xubin , Cheng Chen , Qian Libin , Cui Yaoxuan , Wu Weiwei , Liu Qingjun , Chen Xing , Lu Yanli , Yang Qing , Zhang Fenni , Wang Di
Published: March 2023

Advanced machine intelligence is empowered not only by the ever‐increasing computational capability for information processing but also by sensors for collecting multimodal information from complex environments. However, simply assembling different sensors can result in bulky systems and complex data processing. Herein, it is shown that a complementary metal‐oxide‐semiconductor (CMOS) imager can be transformed into a compact multimodal sensing platform through dual‐focus imaging. By combining lens‐based and lensless imaging, visual information, chemicals, temperature, and humidity can be detected with the same chip and output as a single image. As a proof of concept, the sensor is equipped on a micro‐vehicle, and multimodal environmental sensing and mapping is demonstrated. A multimodal endoscope is also developed, and simultaneous imaging and chemical profiling along a porcine digestive tract is achieved. The multimodal CMOS imager is compact, versatile, and extensible and can be widely applied in microrobots, in vivo medical apparatuses, and other microdevices.
Enhancing Photostability of Sn‐Pb Perovskite Solar Cells by an Alkylammonium Pseudo‐Halogen Additive
Authors: Wang Jiantao , Uddin Md Aslam , Chen Bo , Ying Xingjian , Ni Zhenyi , Zhou Ying , Li Mingze , Wang Mengru , Yu Zhenhua , Huang Jinsong
Published: March 2023

High‐performance tin‐lead perovskite solar cells (PSCs) are needed for all‐perovskite‐tandem solar cells. However, iodide related fast photodegradation severely limits the operational stability of Sn‐Pb perovskites despite the demonstrated high efficiency and thermal stability. Herein, this work employs an alkylammonium pseudo‐halogen additive to enhance the power conversion efficiency (PCE) and photostability of methylammonium (MA)‐free, Sn‐Pb PSCs. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations reveal that the pseudo‐halogen tetrafluoroborate (BF4−) has strong binding capacity with metal ions (Sn2+/Pb2+) in the Sn‐Pb perovskite lattice, which lowers iodine vacancy formation. Upon combining BF4− with an octylammonium (OA+) cation, the PCE of the device with a built‐in light‐scattering layer is boosted to 23.7%, which represents a new record for Sn‐Pb PSCs. The improved efficiency benefits from the suppressed defect density. Under continuous 1 sun illumination, the OABF4 embodied PSCs show slower generation of interstitial iodides and iodine, which greatly improves the device photostability under open‐circuit condition. Moreover, the device based on OABF4 retains 88% of the initial PCE for 1000 h under the maximum‐power‐point tracking (MPPT) without cooling.
Dispersal and establishment traits provide a colonization advantage for a polyploid apomictic plant
Authors: Hersh Evan Whitney , Medina Alberto Ruiz‐Larrea , Whitton Jeannette
Published: March 2023

Premise

Apomictic plants (reproducing asexually through seed) often have larger ranges and occur at higher latitudes than closely related sexuals, a pattern known as geographical parthenogenesis (GP). Explanations for GP include differences in colonizing ability due to reproductive assurance and direct/indirect effects of polyploidy (most apomicts are polyploid) on ecological tolerances. While life history traits associated with dispersal and establishment also contribute to the potential for range expansion, few studies compare these traits in related apomicts and sexuals.

Methods

We investigated differences in early life history traits between diploid‐sexual and polyploid‐apomictic Townsendia hookeri (Asteraceae), which displays a classic pattern of GP. Using lab and greenhouse experiments, we measured seed dispersal traits, germination success, and seedling size and survival in sexual and apomictic populations from across the range of the species.

Results

While theory predicts that trade‐offs between dispersal and establishment traits should be common, this was largely not the case in T. hookeri. Apomictic seeds had both lower terminal velocity (staying aloft longer when dropped) and higher germination success than sexual seeds. While there were no differences in seedling size between reproductive types, apomicts did, however, have slightly lower seedling survival than sexuals.

Conclusions

These differences in early life history traits, combined with reproductive assurance conferred by apomixis, suggest that apomicts achieve a greater range through advantages in their ability to both spread and establish.
Forced migration and integration ‐ comparison of physical fitness of children from Poland and Ukraine as an indicator of general health
Authors: Kryst Łukasz , Żegleń Magdalena , Artymiak Paulina
Published: March 2023

Objectives

The aim of the study was to briefly analyze the results of selected fitness tests of Ukrainian adolescents against their Polish counterparts.

Methods

The study was school‐based, carried out between April and June 2022. It included 642 children from Poland and Ukraine (aged 10 to 16) who attended 10 randomly selected primary schools in Kraków (Poland). Analyzed parameters included physical fitness tests: flexibility test, standing broad jump, 10x5m shuttle run, abdominal muscle strength test (sit‐ups, 30 s), handgrip strength (left and right hand) and overhead medicine ball throw (backwards).

Results

The Ukrainian girls obtained less favorable results of the fitness tests compared to the Polish children, with the exception of handgrip strength. Also the Ukrainian boys were characterized by lower results of the fitness tests, except for the shuttle run and handgrip strength of the left hand, compared to their counterparts from Poland.

Conclusion

The Ukrainian children obtained mainly less favorable results of the fitness tests compared to the Polish children. It should be stressed that analyzed characteristics play an important role in childrens' current as well as future health. Considering the obtained results, to properly accommodate to the changing needs of the population, educators, teachers and parents should advocate for more physical activity opportunities for children. Additionally, interventions focused on fitness, health and wellness promotion, as well as risk‐reduction on individual and community levels should be developed and implemented.