bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Critical Care EEG Basics
Authors: Jadeja Neville M. , Rossi Kyle C.
Published: February 2024

Easy to read and well-illustrated, this unique guidebook is written for acute care providers of all backgrounds and skill levels, who may be unfamiliar with basic EEG concepts and dependent on reading EEG reports or remote interpretations. This guide introduces the basics of critical care EEG with an emphasis on the skill of real-time bedside EEG reading (pattern recognition). It is presented in two parts using case-based approaches and is full of clinical tips. Readers will become familiar with common critical care EEG patterns, their significance, and management with relevant reasoning. They will also learn how to make basic bedside EEG interpretations to supplement their clinical neurological exam and better collaborate with EEG readers. A dedicated chapter on quantitative EEG explains this important modality. In short, this book enables the use of critical care EEG as a powerful extension to the clinical assessment of critically ill patients.
Maritime Power and the Power of Money in Louis XIV's France
Authors: Darnell Benjamin
Published: February 2024

A detailed analysis of the limitations of the system which relied on intermediaries and private suppliers to finance, build and maintain the French navy.
Christine de Pizan Empowering Women in Text and Image
Authors: Cooper-Davis Charlotte
Published: February 2024

It is well known that in several of her works, Christine de Pizan actively sought to valorize and empower women; she notably made the case for women's education, argued for the protection of widows, and famously attacked the misogyny of the all-pervasive Roman de la Rose. Whilst numerous examinations have shown that Christine sought to empower women through her texts, this book demonstrates that the visual programmes of her works offer further evidence of Christine's championing women in their role as educators and activists, whilst challenging some assumptions made about gender in Christine's works. It also examines the conduits and structures by which power is conferred upon women within them. When read together, the text and image across Christine's œuvre reveal a consistent picture: one in which women educate and empower one another.
The African Charter on Human and Peoples’ Rights Volume 2
Authors: Rubner Nat
Published: February 2024

A landmark study of the African Charter on human and peoples' rights. Documents on one side the international community's inability to foist a human rights system upon Africa and on the other the process within the OAU (now African Union) that eventually brought it into being and determined its content.
Radiation and Chemical Program Research for Multi-Utility and Repurposed Countermeasures: A US Department of Health and Human Services Agencies Perspective
Authors: Rios Carmen I. , Garcia Efrain E. , Hogdahl Thomas S. , Homer Mary J. , Iyer Narayan V. , Laney Judith W. , Loelius Shannon G. , Satyamitra Merriline M. , DiCarlo Andrea L.
Published: February 2024

Although chemical and radiological agents cause toxicity through different mechanisms, the multiorgan injuries caused by these threats share similarities that convene on the level of basic biological responses. This publication will discuss these areas of convergence and explore “multi-utility” approaches that could be leveraged to address common injury mechanisms underlying actions of chemical and radiological agents in a threat-agnostic manner. In addition, we will provide an overview of the current state of radiological and chemical threat research, discuss the US Government’s efforts toward medical preparedness, and identify potential areas for collaboration geared toward enhancing preparedness and response against radiological and chemical threats. We also will discuss previous regulatory experience to provide insight on how to navigate regulatory paths for US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval/licensure/clearance for products addressing chemical or radiological/nuclear threats. This publication follows a 2022 trans-agency meeting titled, “Overlapping Science in Radiation and Sulfur Mustard Exposures of Skin and Lung: Consideration of Models, Mechanisms, Organ Systems, and Medical Countermeasures,” sponsored by the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), a part of the National Institutes of Health (NIH). Discussions from this meeting explored the overlapping nature of radiation and chemical injury and spurred increased interest in how preparedness for one threat leads to preparedness for the other. Herein, subject matter experts from the NIAID and the Biomedical Advanced Research and Development Authority (BARDA), a part of the Administration for Strategic Preparedness and Response (ASPR), summarize the knowledge gained from recently funded biomedical research, as well as insights from the 2022 meeting. These topics include identification of common areas for collaboration, potential use of biomarkers of injury to identify injuries caused by both hazards, and common and widely available treatments that could treat damage caused by radiological or chemical threats.
Cutaneous Radiation Injuries: REAC/TS Clinical Experience
Authors: Ervin Mark D. , Goans Ronald , Diffenderfer-Stewart Kristy , Aloisi Becky , Iddins Carol J.
Published: February 2024

The Radiation Emergency Assistance Center/Training Site (REAC/TS) is one of the US Department of Energy (DOE)/National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA) Nuclear Emergency Response Team (NEST) assets and has been responding to radiological incidents since 1976. REAC/TS is in the Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education (ORISE). A critical part of the REAC/TS mission is to provide emergency response, advice, and consultation on injuries and illnesses caused from ionizing radiation. Fortunately, radiation injuries are not frequent, but when they occur, they are more likely to be cutaneous radiation injuries (CRI) or internal contamination. In this paper, we will review selected cases from the REAC/TS experience in order to illustrate cutaneous patterns of injury and treatment options.
Associations of regular consumption of breakfast, lunch and dinner with Body Mass Index during adolescence: longitudinal findings by weight status among the Eating and Activity over Time 2010–2018 cohort
Authors: Yoon Cynthia Y , Arlinghaus Katherine R , Ledoux Tracey A , Johnston Craig A , Larson Nicole , Neumark-Sztainer Dianne
Published: February 2024

Objective:

To examine how the associations between meal consumption and BMI over 8 years differ by weight status in a sample of adolescents.

Design:

Longitudinal, population-based study. Breakfast, lunch and dinner consumption and BMI were self-reported. Linear regressions were used to examine how the associations between meal consumption and BMI differed by weight status.

Setting:

Adolescents in the Minneapolis/St. Paul metropolitan area.

Participants:

Adolescents (n 1,471) were surveyed as part of the EAT 2010–2018 in 2009–2010 (Mage = 14·3 years) and 2017–2018 (Mage = 22·0 years).

Results:

The prevalence of regular breakfast, lunch and dinner consumption (≥ 5 times/week) ranged from 45 to 65 %, 75 to 89 % and 76 to 94 %, respectively, depending on weight status category. Among adolescents with a sex- and age-specific BMI < 15th percentile, regular consumptions of breakfast, lunch and dinner during adolescence were positively associated with BMI in emerging adulthood compared with irregular consumption of breakfast, lunch and dinner (<5 times/week) after adjustment for socio-demographic characteristics (β = 5·43, β = 5·39 and β = 6·46, respectively; all P-values <0·01). Among adolescents in the BMI 15–85th and 85–95th percentiles, regular consumptions of breakfast, lunch and dinner were positively associated with BMI but to a lesser extent (P-values <0·01). For participants with a BMI ≥ 95th percentile, regular consumptions of breakfast, lunch and dinner were positively associated with BMI, but the associations were not statistically significant (P-values > 0·05).

Conclusions:

The relationship between meal consumption during adolescence and BMI in emerging adulthood differs by adolescent weight status. Future studies should investigate underlying factors related to meal consumption routines and BMI.
Wild fish consumption and latitude as drivers of vitamin D status among Inuit living in Nunavik, northern Québec
Authors: Little Matthew , Brockington Meghan , Aker Amira , Kenny Tiff-Annie , Andrade-Rivas Federico , Ayotte Pierre , Lemire Mélanie
Published: February 2024

Objective:

To measure vitamin D status and estimate factors associated with serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) in Nunavimmiut (Inuit living in Nunavik) adults in 2017.

Design:

Data were from Qanuilirpitaa? 2017 Nunavik Inuit Health Survey, a cross-sectional study conducted in August–October 2017. Participants underwent a questionnaire, including an FFQ, and blood samples were analysed for total serum 25(OH)D.

Setting:

Nunavik, northern Québec, Canada.

Participants:

A stratified proportional model was used to select respondents, including 1,155 who identified as Inuit and had complete data.

Results:

Geometric mean serum vitamin D levels were 65·2 nmol/l (95 % CI 62·9–67·6 nmol/l) among women and 65·4 nmol/l (95 % CI 62·3–68·7 nmol/l) among men. The weighted prevalence of serum 25(OH)D < 75 nmol/l, <50 nmol/l <30 nmol/l was 61·2 %, 30·3 % and 7·0 %, respectively. Individuals who were older, female, lived in smaller and/or more southerly communities and/or consumed more country (traditional) foods were at a reduced risk of low vitamin D status. Higher consumption of wild fish was specifically associated with increased serum 25(OH)D concentration.

Conclusion:

It is important that national, regional and local policies and programs are in place to secure harvest, sharing and consumption of nutritious and culturally important country foods like Arctic char and other wild fish species, particularly considering ongoing climate change in the Arctic which impacts the availability, access and quality of fish as food.
Examining the influence of child nutritional disorders on early childhood development in Bangladesh: insights from the multiple indicator cluster survey
Authors: Khanam Shimlin Jahan , Khan Md Nuruzzaman
Published: February 2024

Objective:

The objective of this study was to explore the relationship between various forms of child nutritional disorders and early childhood development in Bangladesh.

Design:

We analysed data from the nationally representative cross-sectional 2019 Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey. Early childhood development was evaluated using the Early Childhood Development Index (ECDI), which comprised 10 yes-or-no questions across four domains: literacy-numeracy, physical well-being, socio-emotional development, and learning abilities. Nutritional disorders (e.g. stunting, wasting, and underweight) were measured based on the World Health Organization’s height and weight guidelines. To investigate the relationships between child development and nutritional disorders, we used multilevel logistic regression models.

Setting:

Bangladesh.

Participants:

Data of 9,455 children aged 3 and 4 years.

Results:

Approximately 38 % of the children analysed experienced a nutritional disorder, with stunting being the most prevalent at 28·15 %. Overall, 25·27 % did not meet expected developmental progress measured by the ECDI. Stunted children were more likely to be off track developmentally, while those without any nutritional disorder were more likely to be on track. Socio-demographic factors, including age, sex, attendance in early childhood education programme, maternal education, maternal functional difficulties, region, and income, were identified as determinants of ECDI.

Conclusions:

Childhood nutrition and socio-demographic factors significantly affect multiple developmental domains and overall ECDI among children aged 3–4 years. Prioritising policies and programmes that improve nutrition and address these determinants are crucial for fostering optimal development in children.
Isopycnal Submesoscale Stirring Crucially Sustaining Subsurface Chlorophyll Maximum in Ocean Cyclonic Eddies
Authors: Cao Haijin , Freilich Mara , Song Xiangzhou , Jing Zhiyou , Fox‐Kemper Baylor , Qiu Bo , Hetland Robert D. , Chai Fei , Ruiz Simón , Chen Dake
Published: February 2024

Mesoscale and submesoscale processes have crucial impacts on ocean biogeochemistry, importantly enhancing the primary production in nutrient‐deficient ocean regions. Yet, the intricate biophysical interplay still holds mysteries. Using targeted high‐resolution in situ observations in the South China Sea, we reveal that isopycnal submesoscale stirring serves as the primary driver of vertical nutrient transport to sustain the dome‐shaped subsurface chlorophyll maximum (SCM) within a long‐lived cyclonic mesoscale eddy. Density surface doming at the eddy core increased light exposure for phytoplankton production, while along‐isopycnal submesoscale stirring disrupted the mesoscale coherence and drove significant vertical exchange of tracers. These physical processes play a crucial role in maintaining the elevated phytoplankton biomass in the eddy core. Our findings shed light on the universal mechanism of how mesoscale and submesoscale coupling enhances primary production in ocean cyclonic eddies, highlighting the pivotal role of submesoscale stirring in structuring marine ecosystems.
Modeling of Cosmogenic Cr Isotopes Produced in Lunar Rocks Compared With Existing Calculations and Measurements
Authors: Liu Bailiang , Guo Jingnan , Dobynde Mikhail I. , Liu Jia , Zhang Yingnan , Qin Liping
Published: February 2024

The nucleosynthetic Cr isotope anomalies provides useful information to trace the source and origin of extraterrestrial samples, but it is usually influenced by high‐energy cosmic rays, and evaluating such effect of cosmic rays in lunar samples is especially important. Those cosmic radiation particles (primary particles) can react with lunar materials, creating many secondary particles. Both primary and secondary particles can produce cosmogenic nuclides on the Moon. Radiation Environment and Dose at the Moon (REDMoon) is a novel GEANT4 Monte‐Carlo model built to simulate the interactions of space particles with the lunar surface and subsurface content. Using this model, we simulate the production of cosmogenic Cr isotopes (50Cr, 52Cr, 53Cr, 54Cr) at different depths of lunar surface, and compare the contribution of different reactions generating these nuclides. The results suggest that spallation reactions are the most important process producing cosmogenic Cr isotopes. We also analyze the relationship between 53Cr/52Cr and 54Cr/52Cr predicted by our model and compare it with different Apollo samples. As previously studied, we also find an approximate linear relationship between ɛ53Cr and ɛ54Cr, where ɛ53Cr (or ɛ54Cr) is the relative deviation from the standard 53Cr/52Cr ratio (or 54Cr/52Cr ratio), normalized to 1/10,000. Furthermore, we reveal a change of this linear relationship in different depths of lunar surface. Besides, we investigate how the slopes can be influenced by exposure age and the Fe/Cr ratio. With these additional factors carefully considered, the comparison between our modeled results and the measurements is better than previous studies.
The Spectral Characteristics of Lunar Agglutinates: Visible–Near‐Infrared Spectroscopy of Apollo Soil Separates
Authors: Yasanayake Chanud N. , Denevi Brett W. , Hiroi Takahiro , Jolliff Brad. L. , Martin Anna C. , Gao Annabelle L. , Zhang Margaret L. , Bloom Lucas M. , Lawrence Samuel J.
Published: February 2024

The lunar surface evolves over time due to space weathering, and the visible–near‐infrared spectra of more mature (i.e., heavily weathered) soils are lower in reflectance and steeper in spectral slope (i.e., darker and redder) than their immature counterparts. These spectral changes have traditionally been attributed to the space‐weathered rims of soil grains (and particularly nanophase iron therein). However, understudied thus far is the spectral role of agglutinates—the agglomerates of mineral and lithic fragments, nanophase iron, and glass that are formed by micrometeoroid impacts and are ubiquitous in mature lunar soils. We separated agglutinates and non‐agglutinates from six lunar soils of varying maturity and composition, primarily from the 125–250 μm size fraction, and measured their visible–near‐infrared reflectance spectra. For each soil, the agglutinate spectra are darker, redder, and have weaker absorption bands than the corresponding non‐agglutinate and unsorted soil spectra. Moreover, greater soil maturity corresponds to darker agglutinate spectra with weaker absorption bands. These findings suggest that agglutinates (rather than solely the space‐weathered rims) play an important role in both the darkening and reddening of mature soils—at least for the size fractions examined here. Comparisons with analog soils suggest that high nanophase iron abundance in agglutinates is likely responsible for their low reflectance and spectrally red slope. Additional studies of agglutinates are needed both to more comprehensively characterize their spectral properties (across size fractions and in mixing with non‐agglutinates) and to assess the relative roles of agglutinates and rims in weathering‐associated spectral changes.
Twenty Years of Progress, Challenges, and Opportunities in Measuring and Understanding Soil Respiration
Authors: Bond‐Lamberty Ben , Ballantyne Ashley , Berryman Erin , Fluet‐Chouinard Etienne , Jian Jinshi , Morris Kendalynn A. , Rey Ana , Vargas Rodrigo
Published: February 2024

Soil respiration (Rs), the soil‐to‐atmosphere flux of CO2, is a dominant but uncertain part of the carbon cycle, even after decades of study. This review focuses on progress in understanding Rs from laboratory incubations to global estimates. We survey key developments of in situ ecosystem‐scale Rs observations and manipulations, synthesize Rs meta‐analyses and global flux estimates, and discuss the most compelling challenges and opportunities for the future. Increasingly sophisticated lab experiments have yielded insights into the interaction among heterotrophic respiration, substrate supply, and enzymatic kinetics, and extended incubation‐based analyses across space and time. Observational and manipulative field‐based experiments have used improved measurement approaches to deepen our understanding of the integrated effects of environmental change and disturbance on Rs. Freely‐available observational databases have enabled meta‐analyses and studies probing the magnitude of, and constraints on, the global Rs flux. Key challenges for the field include expanding Rs measurements, experiments, and opportunities to under‐represented communities and ecosystems; reconciling independent estimates of global respiration fluxes and trends; testing and leveraging the power of machine learning and process‐based models, both independently and in conjunction with each other; and continuing the field's tradition of using novel experiments to explore diverse mechanisms and ecosystems.
Unsupervised Anomaly Detection With Variational Autoencoders Applied to Full‐Disk Solar Images
Authors: Giger Marius , Csillaghy André
Published: February 2024

Deep learning is successful in many fields due to its ability to learn strong feature representations without the need for hand‐crafted features, resulting in models with high representational power. However, many of these models are based on supervised learning and therefore depend on the availability of large annotated data sets. These are often difficult to obtain because they require human input. A common challenge for researchers in space weather is the sparsity of annotations in many of the available data sets, which are either unlabeled or have ambiguous labels. To alleviate the data bottleneck of loosely annotated data sets, unsupervised deep learning has become an important strategy, with anomaly detection being one of the most prominent applications. Unsupervised models have been successfully applied in various domains, such as medical imaging or video surveillance, to distinguish normal from abnormal data. In this work, we investigate how a purely unsupervised approach can be used to detect and extract solar phenomena in extreme ultraviolet images from the NASA SDO spacecraft. We show how a model based on variational autoencoders can be used to detect out‐of‐distribution samples and to localize regions of interest for solar activity. By using an unsupervised approach, we hope to contribute to space weather monitoring tools and further improve the understanding of space weather drivers.
lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA network in kidney transcriptome of Labeo rohita under hypersaline environment
Authors: Shukla Nitin , Harshini Vemula , Raval Ishan , Patel Amrutlal K. , Joshi Chaitanya G.
Published: February 2024

The present study describes the kidney transcriptome ofLabeo rohita, a freshwater fish, exposed to gradually increased salinity concentrations (2, 4, 6 and 8ppt). A total of 10.25 Gbps data was generated, and a suite of bioinformatics tools, including FEELnc, CPC2 and BLASTn were employed for identification of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) and micro RNAs (miRNAs). Our analysis revealed a total of 170, 118, 99, and 269 differentially expressed lncRNA and 120, 118, 99, and 124 differentially expressed miRNAs in 2, 4, 6 and 8 ppt treatment groups respectively. Two competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) networks were constructed i.e. A* ceRNA network with up-regulated lncRNAs and mRNAs, down-regulated miRNAs; and B* ceRNA network vice versa. 2ppt group had 131 and 83 lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA pairs in A* and B* networks, respectively. 4ppt group featured 163 pairs in A* network and 191 in B* network, while the 6ppt had 103 and 105 pairs. 8ppt group included 192 and 174 pairs. These networks illuminate the intricate RNA interactions in freshwater fish to varying salinity conditions.
Remarkable enhancement of the adsorption and diffusion performance of alkali ions in two-dimensional (2D) transition metal oxide monolayers via Ru-doping
Authors: Sahoo Shubham , Kumari P. , Som Narayan N. , Kar S. , Ahuja Rajeev , Ray S. J.
Published: February 2024

Transition metal oxides (TMO) are the preferred materials for metal ion battery cathodes because of their high redox potentials and good metal-ion intercalation capacity, which serve as an outstanding replacement for layered sulphide. In this work, using first-principles calculations based on Density functional theory approach, we explored the structural and electronic properties which comprise of adsorption and diffusion behaviour along with the analysis of voltage profile and storage capacity of Ru doped two-dimensional transition metal oxide $$MnO_{2}$$

M
n

O
2

, $$CoO_{2}$$

C
o

O
2

, and $$NiO_{2}$$

N
i

O
2

monolayers. The adsorption of alkali ions (Li, Na) to the surface of TMOs is strengthened by Ru-atom doping. Ru doping enhanced the adsorption energy of Li/Na-ion by 25%/11% for $$MnO_{2}$$

M
n

O
2

, 8%/13% for $$CoO_{2}$$

C
o

O
2

, and 10%/11% $$NiO_{2}$$

N
i

O
2

respectively. The open circuit voltage (OCV) also increases due to the high adsorption capacity of doped Monolayers. Ru doping makes the semiconducting TMOs conduct, which is suitable for battery application. As alkali ion moves closer to the dopant site, the adsorption energy increases. When alkali ions are close to the vicinity of doping site, their diffusion barrier decrease and rises as they go further away. Our current findings will be useful in finding ways to improve the storage performance of 2D oxide materials for application in energy harvesting and green energy architecture.
Observations reveal vertical transport induced by submesoscale front
Authors: Zhu Ruichen , Yang Haiyuan , Li Mingkui , Chen Zhaohui , Ma Xin , Cai Jinzhuo , Wu Lixin
Published: February 2024

Submesoscale fronts, with horizontal scale of 0.1–10 km, are key components of climate system by driving intense vertical transports of heat, salt and nutrients in the ocean. However, our knowledge on how large the vertical transport driven by one single submesoscale front can reach remains limited due to the lack of comprehensive field observations. Here, based on high-resolution in situ observations in the Kuroshio-Oyashio Extension region, we detect an exceptionally sharp submesoscale front. The oceanic temperature (salinity) changes sharply from 14 °C (34.55 psu) to 2 °C (32.7 psu) within 2 km across the front from south to north. Analysis reveals intense vertical velocities near the front reaching 170 m day−1, along with upward heat transport up to 1.4 × 10−2 °C m s−1 and salinity transport reaching 4 × 10−4 psu m s−1. The observed heat transport is much larger than the values reported in previous observations and is three times as that derived from current eddy-rich climate models, whereas the salinity transport enhances the nutrients concentration with prominent implications for marine ecosystem and fishery production. These observations highlight the vertical transport of submesoscale fronts and call for a proper representation of submesoscale processes in the next generation of climate models.
Research on plasma modified fly ash denitration
Authors: Qi Zhan-feng , Wang Shuo , Guo Xiu-li
Published: February 2024

The effects of reactor parameters and process parameters on the denitration rate of modified fly ash in different gas atmospheres were studied by using a dielectric barrier plasma reactor and using orthogonal experiments. The characteristics of modified fly ash were analyzed using scanning electron microscope, specific surface area analyzer, X-ray diffraction, Boehm titration and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The experimental data were processed by variance analysis and linear regression to induce the denitration mechanism. R2 of the linear regression analysis model is 0.789, which means that the adsorption pore size, acid groups and basic group can explain 78.9% of the change in denitration rate. The basic group will have a significant positive impact on the denitration rate, and the adsorption pore size and acidic group will have a significant negative impact on the denitration rate. Through variance analysis of the experimental data, it was found that the input power and discharge gap have a significant effect on the denitration rate, but the ionization time and discharge length have no significant effect. The input power affects the denitration rate by impacting the basic group, and the discharge gap affects the denitration rate by influencing the adsorption pore size. There are three denitration mechanisms on the surface of fly ash: physical adsorption, chemical adsorption and absorption process. Among them, chemical adsorption is the main mechanism of action, accounting for approximately 60.86%.
Prevalence of acne and its impact on quality of life and practices regarding self-treatment among medical students
Authors: Dabash Duaa , Salahat Haya , Awawdeh Sally , Hamadani Fadi , Khraim Husam , Koni Amer A. , Zyoud Sa’ed H.
Published: February 2024

Acne vulgaris is one of the most common skin diseases worldwide and causes great distress to patients. In addition, most acne patients suffer from low self-esteem and social withdrawal. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of acne and its impact on quality of life among medical students. It also evaluates the patterns of self-treatment use. The study population consisted of all medical students from An-Najah National University (ANU) and the hospital. The questionnaire consists of three parts, and the first part consists of questions regarding demographic information. The second part consisted of questions to measure the severity of acne using the acne severity scale as well as the Cardiff Disability Index, which assesses the quality of life concerning acne in medical students. Finally, the third part consisted of questions exploring and assessing acne self-treatment. The mean age of our study sample was 21.3 ± 1.9 years, with a female predominance of 72.3%. The prevalence of acne among medical students was 80.9%, and 36.6% practiced self-medication. Acne was strongly associated with female sex (p < 0.001) and skin type (p = 0.024). Regarding diet, dairy consumption (p = 0.007), sweets (p < 0.001), chocolate (p < 0.001), and oily food (p = 0.006) were all significantly associated with acne. Skin type was strongly associated with the severity of acne (p < 0.001) and the Cardiff acne disability index (p = 0.016). Gender (p = 0.039) was also associated with Cardiff acne disability. A significant correlation was found between the severity of acne and impaired quality of life. The most commonly used topical agent for self-treatment remedies was antibiotics (70.3%). The most commonly used oral agent was isotretinoin (9.4%). A total of 22.7% of the students used herbal products, while 47.7% used home remedies. Acne is prevalent among medical students, with a high percentage of students having different degrees of impairment in their daily lives. As a result, self-medication among acne sufferers is highly common. Awareness of the appropriate use of self-medication should increase among medical students.
High-throughput screening of stable layered anode materials A2TMO3Cl for chloride-ion batteries
Authors: Wang Dexing , Zhang Fusheng , Wang Jianglong , Shi Xingqiang , Gong Penglai , Liu Huanjuan , Wu Mengqi , Wei Yingjin , Lian Ruqian
Published: February 2024

A vacuum cleaner-like “TM–O–A–Cl” configuration simultaneously retains Cl-storage/binding capacity in A2TMO3Cl.
Two-dimensional Cr2GaX4 (X = S, Se, Te) monolayers: half-metallic intrinsic room temperature ferromagnets with large magnetic anisotropy
Authors: Ma Sai , Bo Xiangyan , Liu Xiaoyu , Wang Suen , Lan Mengxian , Li Shasha , Li Feng , Pu Yong
Published: February 2024

Based on first-principles calculations, we predict a series of Cr2GaX4 (X = S, Se, Te) monolayers, which exhibit intrinsic ferromagnetic ordering, large magnetic anisotropy energy, and high Curie temperatures above room temperature.
Systematization of Steam Cultivators and Structures Working Bodies
Authors: Parkhomenko Galina , Kambulov Sergey , Podlesny Dmitry , Belousov Sergey
Published: February 2024

The main method of harvesting hay is its pressing, in which a mandatory requirement is to ensure constant conditioned humidity of the material. Compliance with such material parameters in the field is very difficult. Therefore, in order to achieve maximum efficiency when harvesting bulky, it is necessary to use various bioconservants and their uniform distribution over the surface of the selected roll. One of the conditions for the operation of the distribution system is the use of high pressure to crush a drop of a solution of a biological product, which negatively affects the effectiveness of the preservative. In the course of the work, the performance of the sprayer was studied depending on the pressure in the pneumatic system of the spraying device and the diameter of the feeding tube.
The Design of a Dump Plow for Processing Heavy Soils
Authors: Belousov Sergey , Kambulov Sergey , Rykov Victor , Nuretdinova Julia , Yuzenko Julia
Published: February 2024

The design of a multi-body plowshare for processing heavy soils has been developed, namely, a new working body has been developed for preliminary destruction of the soil layer before its rotation by the main body of the plowshare. According to the results of the preliminary analysis, the working bodies for the ploughshare were selected and designed for the optimal operation of this tool in almost all weather conditions.
Analysis of the sanitary state of dendrocenoses of the Chernorechensky forestry of the Orenburg region
Authors: Bastaeva Galia , Kubasov Andrey , Lyavdanskaya Olga , Smirnov Mikhail , Maltsev Petr
Published: February 2024

To prevent environmental damage from the drying out of forests in the Orenburg region, a necessary condition is to conduct constant monitoring of the processes occurring in the forest fund, arising under the influence of external factors, the main task of which is to build an optimal forest management strategy. The complex of factors of negative impact on forest dendrocenoses is not always the same and depends on the diversity of habitat conditions, soil and climatic characteristics of the territories. According to the results of the study, the sanitary condition of the dendrocenoses of the Chernorechensky forestry is assessed as satisfactory; the main reason that worsens the current condition of the existing plantings is the unfavorable factors of the external environment. Since 2020, the spread of bacterial dropsy (pathogen Erwinia multivora Scz.-Parf.) has been recorded in birch plantations, covering an area of 25.8 hectares. The steady increase in the area of forest plantations of “deep” natural poplar ripeness in forestry, as well as in the Orenburg region as a whole, are the main reasons for the decline in the current sanitary condition. At the present stage, there is an urgent need to revise existing legislation, taking into account an individual approach to forestry activities depending on the characteristics of the subject, while it is important to preserve existing forest plantations, especially in sparsely forested areas, which include the Orenburg region.
The properties of the powder that makes the basis of hard alloys used in the crushing of underground resources
Authors: Parmonov Sarvar , Shakirov Shukhrat , Yusupova Guzal , Kuchkarova Noila , Shonazarova Shakhnaza , Tursunova Dilshoda , Kambarov Asadjon
Published: February 2024

Today, many countries are extraction the underground resources (non-ferrous and rare metals) by having a leading processing plants. In Uzbekistan, metals such as gold, silver, copper, uranium, rhenium, and tungsten are mined from underground resources and produced as finished products. A significant part of the costs of the extraction of underground resources is spent on the processes of crushing and grinding crushing minerals. Hard alloys used in the process of crushing and grinding ores are produced based on metals such as tungsten and cobalt. This article presents scientific-practical research on the properties of powders that form the basis of tungsten carbide-cobalt-based hard alloys used in crushing underground resources. During the research, the chemical composition of tungsten and cobalt carbide powders chosen as raw materials, the location of the powders in the raw materials, the granulometric sizes of the powders, and their morphology were studied. In all conducted studies, tungsten carbide powders produced at the JSC “Almalyk MMC” were used as a raw material to prepare samples of tungsten carbide-cobalt-based hard alloys and also as a binder. Cobalt powder produced in this enterprise was selected. All studies were carried out on a scanning electron microscope, JSM-IT200 (JEOL, Japan), at the Uzbekistan-Japan Youth Innovation Center.
Agrobiological and phenological characteristics of Dagestan aboriginal grape varieties in the conditions of the Krasnodar region
Authors: Feyzullaev B.A.
Published: February 2024

Native varieties have a number of positive characteristics that are widely used in the breeding process. Among them are varieties of very early ripening (Yay izyum white and Yay izyum pink), medium ripening (Ag izyum, Khatmi), late ripening (Agadai, Koz izyum), etc. The purpose of the research is to study the influence of weather conditions on agrobiological indicators and the onset of phenological phases of the grape plant. The experiment included 14 Dagestan native grape varieties of different ripening periods and directions for using the crop in the conditions of the Anapa zonal experimental station of viticulture and winemaking. The research has established: one variety of very early ripening (Ag emchek); 5 early ripening varieties (Khotsa tsibil, Budai Shuli, Chaush novyy, Khatmi); 7 early-medium varieties (Ag chakrak, Ag raisin, Gimra, Dagestan, Dzhagar, Dokur, Dubut) and 1 late-ripening variety (Chil Gulyabi). Agrobiological indicators and indicators of crop quality were also determined. The number of inflorescences per one developed shoot (K1 - fruiting coefficient) is the lowest in the Budai Shuli variety - 0.55, and the highest in the Gimra variety - 1.74. For other varieties it ranges from 0.61 to 1.56. According to the fruiting coefficient (K2), the varieties Gimra and Khotsa tsibil are also distinguished (1.90 and 1.71, respectively). For other varieties of oats, this indicator ranges from 1.23-1.68.
Econometric studies in forecasting increased yield productivity of agricultural crops
Authors: Makhmudova N.R. , Shadmanov K.K. , Kodirova N.T. , Samigova N.H. , Narzullaev D.Z.
Published: February 2024

The article, based on econometric research, examines the relevance of econometric methods of planning and forecasting, as well as methods for compiling econometric models for quantitative analysis and forecasting of agricultural crop yields. In addition, using methods of analysis and forecasting of econometric modeling based on experimental data, the work examined the trend in the dynamics of agricultural crop yields and made a forecast for the future using compiled linear trend equations, as well as provided feedback and suggestions on the results of the study.
Uterine lavage microbiological composition of dairy subclinical endometritis
Authors: Firsov Grigory , Ryadnov Aleksey , Morozova Zoya , Budtuev Oleg , Ryadnova Tamara
Published: February 2024

The article presents the data on the dairy cows’ uterine lavage microbial composition characteristics suffering from subclinical endometritis. Subclinical endometritis is accompanied by the normal microbiota composition changes in the cow uterus and the disease-causing and opportunistic microorganisms’ growth. To perform uterine contents lavage, polystyrene disposable pipettes connected to a 50 ml disposable syringe using a plastic adapter were used. Subclinical endometritis was diagnosed in 22 cows (17.19%). Sixty-one dairy cows out of 128 (47.66%) were healthy. Microorganisms of the Enterobacteriaceae family: E. coli, P. vulgaris, S. enteritidis, pathogenic streptococci: S. agalactiae, S. pyogenes and staphylococci: S. aureus, S. epidermidis were selected. The total microbial contamination of the lavage samples was 64.72±8.80 CFU/ml. The most common microorganisms were microorganisms of the Enterobacteriaceae family: E. coli, S. enteritidis and P. vulgaris with 2069 CFU /ml. Pathogenic streptococci amounted to 1989 CFU /ml and staphylococci to 1,579 CFU /ml.
An optimisation model for sustainable multi-commodity transportation planning
Authors: Aggarwal Usha , Mehlawat Mukesh Kumar , Gupta Pankaj , Charles Vincent
Published: February 2024

This paper aims to establish a supply chain model that significantly reduces economic and environmental costs. It comprises all activities related to procurement, production, and distribution planning. The proposed multi-objective multi-commodity optimisation model deals with the four conflicting objectives of reducing costs and emissions and choosing top-priority suppliers and the most efficient vehicles. We apply an integrated AHP (analytic hierarchy process) and TOPSIS (technique for order preference by similarity to an ideal solution) technique to determine the weights of suppliers, depending on three indices of criteria, alternatives, and raw material. This paper proposes a cross-efficiency evaluation method using data envelopment analysis (DEA) to ensure that the cross-evaluation of different types of vehicles for evaluating peers is as consistent as possible. The mutually contradictory objectives give rise to several Pareto-optimal solutions. The optimal compromise solutions are found using a lexicographic goal programming technique. We present a real-world case to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed methodology, followed by numerical comparisons and additional insights.
Promoting green transportation through changing behaviors with low-carbon-travel function of digital maps
Authors: Zhang Li , Tao Lan , Yang Fangyi , Bao Yuchen , Li Chong
Published: February 2024

Climate change is a challenge for global sustainable development. The transportation sector contributes considerably to global greenhouse gas emissions. In China, it accounts for about 10% of total CO2 emissions with high mitigation potential. Public transit systems can save energy and reduce carbon emissions. Carbon-inclusive action based on digital technology is becoming the primary measure for promoting green transit in China. To understand the level and nature of the public’s awareness of green transit and identify potential pathways to change their behaviors toward green transit, this study collected 7369 questionnaires nationwide and examined the public’s behavior and preferences regarding green transportation and their attitudes toward digital technologies that support green transportation, in the first such study in the Chinese context. The study found that (1) most respondents understand and accept the concept of green transportation, especially younger respondents, under the age of 39; (2) convenience, safety, and weather are the most important factors considered; (3) digital tools provide innovative and interesting options for public participation in green mobility. The government, social organizations, enterprises, and various stakeholders must strive to foster consensus and collaborative participation. This involves partnering with digital technology enterprises and establishing emission reduction standards for low-carbon living, particularly in the realm of green transportation.
Structural studies of epoxy resin with impurities of carbon nanostructures
Authors: Hurova D. E. , Cherednichenko S. V. , Aksenova N. A. , Vinnikov N. А. , Dolbin А. V. , Galtsov N. N.
Published: February 2024

In this work, using X-ray diffractometry and optical microscopy, studies of epoxy-based composites containing a small amount of nanostructures (nanotubes and graphene oxide) were carried out. The test substance was used to glue two aluminum plates together, and then they were stretched in different directions until rupture. Using X-ray diffractometry, it was found that the introduction of an impurity does not lead to the formation of crystalline inclusions in the adhesive layer. For samples with an admixture of graphene oxide, the formation of graphene oxide conglomerates with a linear size of the order of 10 μm is observed.
Dynamical characteristics of inhomogeneous molecular aggregates
Authors: Ropakova I. Yu. , Zvyagin A. A.
Published: February 2024

The dynamical characteristics of one-dimensional molecular aggregate with the randomness in exciton hopping is considered. We show that the randomness of the distribution of signs of the exciton hopping of the aggregate dramatically changes the dynamical characteristics. In the homogeneous case, the dynamical characteristics of the molecular aggregate manifest narrow lines at edges of the band of Frenkel excitons of the aggregate. On the other hand, we show that the considered randomness yields nonzero contributions to the dynamical characteristics of all excitons of the band.
Enhanced weathering in the US Corn Belt delivers carbon removal with agronomic benefits
Authors: Beerling David J. , Epihov Dimitar Z. , Kantola Ilsa B. , Masters Michael D. , Reershemius Tom , Planavsky Noah J. , Reinhard Christopher T. , Jordan Jacob S. , Thorne Sarah J. , Weber James , Val Martin Maria , Freckleton Robert P. , Hartley Sue E. , James Rachael H. , Pearce Christopher R. , DeLucia Evan H. , Banwart Steven A.
Published: February 2024

Terrestrial enhanced weathering (EW) of silicate rocks, such as crushed basalt, on farmlands is a promising scalable atmospheric carbon dioxide removal (CDR) strategy that urgently requires performance assessment with commercial farming practices. We report findings from a large-scale replicated EW field trial across a typical maize-soybean rotation on an experimental farm in the heart of the United Sates Corn Belt over 4 y (2016 to 2020). We show an average combined loss of major cations (Ca2+and Mg2+) from crushed basalt applied each fall over 4 y (50 t ha−1y−1) gave a conservative time-integrated cumulative CDR potential of 10.5 ± 3.8 t CO2ha−1. Maize and soybean yields increased significantly (P< 0.05) by 12 to 16% with EW following improved soil fertility, decreased soil acidification, and upregulation of root nutrient transport genes. Yield enhancements with EW were achieved with significantly (P< 0.05) increased key micro- and macronutrient concentrations (including potassium, magnesium, manganese, phosphorus, and zinc), thus improving or maintaining crop nutritional status. We observed no significant increase in the content of trace metals in grains of maize or soybean or soil exchangeable pools relative to controls. Our findings suggest that widespread adoption of EW across farming sectors has the potential to contribute significantly to net-zero greenhouse gas emissions goals while simultaneously improving food and soil security.
Enhancing the solar hydrogen generation performance of nickel-oxide nanostructured thin films doped with molybdenum
Authors: Abdelmoneim Alhoda , Abdel-wahab Mohamed Sh , Elfayoumi M A K , Ahmed Ashour M , Ibrahim Alaa M , Hamdy Hasnaa , Tawfik Wael Z
Published: February 2024

Using technology to store solar energy as hydrogen fuel (H2) on a scale corresponding to global energy use is a viable way to alleviate the energy crisis and environmental deterioration. This research deals with the manufacture of thin films prepared from nickel oxide (NiO) and their use in the photoelectrochemical (PEC) water-splitting process to produce green H2 as a clean energy fuel. Herein, pure and Mo-doped NiO thin films were successfully prepared using a straightforward sputtering method at different radio frequency (RF) power for the Mo target from 0 to 50 watt. x-ray diffraction (XRD), atomic force microscopy (AFM), x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDX), and UV–vis spectroscopy techniques were used to analyze the structural, morphological, chemical composition, and optical characterization of the prepared films. The PEC behaviours for green H2 production and the impedance spectroscopy measurements were also investigated for all samples. In PEC measurements, the 50 W sample showed the highest PEC performance. At −0.4V versus RHE, the 50 W sample verified the highest value for the photocurrent density of about 1.7 mA cm−2 which was approximately four times more than the pure NiO sample. The applied biased photon-to-current conversion efficiency and incident photon-to-current conversion efficiency were also estimated. This research provided a fresh viewpoint on the design of highly active NiO-based photo-catalysts for the production of green H2 powered by solar light.