bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A hybrid method to determine optimal design axial forces of servo steel struts in excavations with high deformation requirements
Authors: Di Honggui , Jin Yuyin , Zhou Shunhua , Wu Di
Published: June 2023

Purpose

The application of servo steel struts enables the active control of the excavation-induced deformation in foundation pits. However, there is currently only one design axial force for each servo steel strut, which requires in-situ axial force adjustments based on the experience of site engineers. The purpose of this study is to develop a method for determining the design axial forces of servo steel struts at different excavation steps.

Design/methodology/approach

In this study, a hybrid method for determining the design axial forces of servo steel struts in different excavation steps was established based on the combination of the elastic foundation beam model and nonlinear optimisation.

Findings

The hybrid method is capable of providing a better set of design axial forces than the original design method. The lateral wall displacement and bending moment could be better controlled. Ordinary steel struts should be prevented from being set between servo steel struts to avoid axial force losses.

Practical implications

The axial forces of the servo steel struts at different excavation steps should be designed to achieve better deformation control effects. Moreover, a well-designed set of axial forces can also reduce the internal forces of the retaining structure.

Originality/value

The hybrid method enables the determination of the design axial forces of servo steel struts at different excavation steps, which can guide axial force adjustments in practical projects.
Shariah-compliant status and investors demand for IPOs: the moderating role of regulatory quality
Authors: Mehmood Waqas , Ali Anis , Mohd-Rashid Rasidah , Aman-Ullah Attia
Published: June 2023

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to look at how Shariah-compliant status and Shariah regulation affect the demand for initial public offerings (IPOs) in Pakistan. The Shariah-compliant status, which is seen as a method that offers a credible signal to investors, may explain the anomaly in IPO demand.

Design/methodology/approach

This research used multivariate and quantile regression models to assess data from 85 IPOs issued on the Pakistan Stock Exchange between 2000 and 2019.

Findings

Shariah-compliant status has a considerable negative association with IPO demand. Nevertheless, there is a considerable positive association among Shariah regulation and IPO demand. Furthermore, the interaction among regulatory quality and Shariah-compliant status has a considerable strong influence on IPO demand. As a consequence, the findings show that Shariah-compliant firms might possibly attract the attention of investors. Investors were found to concur on the amicability of rigorous rules and permissible Shariah-compliance aspects.

Research limitations/implications

Future studies could analyse the financial ratio benchmark (cash and debt) to determine the Shariah-compliant status and Shariah regulation to better understand the problem of IPO demand in the context of Pakistan.

Practical implications

The outcomes of this research are useful for issuers and underwriters in comprehending the characteristics that influence high and early IPO success. Such knowledge may assist issuers and underwriters in responsibly planning and managing the IPO process.

Social implications

The results may be useful to investors looking for critical information in prospectuses to make the best choice when subscribing to IPOs in Pakistan.

Originality/value

This is one of the first studies to provide empirical data on the links among Shariah-compliant status, Shariah regulation and IPO demand in Pakistan. Furthermore, this research demonstrates the interaction impact of regulatory quality and Shariah-compliant status on IPO demand.
A diversity of endosymbionts across Australian aphids and their persistence in aphid cultures
Authors: Yang Qiong , Gill Alex , Robinson Katie L. , Umina Paul A. , Ross Perran A. , Zhan Dongwu , Brown Courtney , Bell Nicholas , MacMahon Ashley , Hoffmann Ary A.
Published: June 2023

There is increasing interest in the use of endosymbionts in pest control, which will benefit from the identification of endosymbionts from potential donor species for transfer to pest species. Here, we screened for endosymbionts in 123 Australian aphid samples across 32 species using 16S DNA metabarcoding. We then developed a qPCR method to validate the metabarcoding data set and to monitor endosymbiont persistence in aphid cultures. Pea aphids (Acyrthosiphon pisum) were frequently coinfected with Rickettsiella and Serratia, and glasshouse potato aphids (Aulacorthum solani) were coinfected with Regiella and Spiroplasma; other secondary endosymbionts detected in samples occurred by themselves. Hamiltonella, Rickettsia and Wolbachia were restricted to a single aphid species, whereas Regiella was found in multiple species. Rickettsiella, Hamiltonella and Serratia were stably maintained in laboratory cultures, although others were lost rapidly. The overall incidence of secondary endosymbionts in Australian samples tended to be lower than recorded from aphids overseas. These results indicate that aphid endosymbionts probably exhibit different levels of infectivity and vertical transmission efficiency across hosts, which may contribute to natural infection patterns. The rapid loss of some endosymbionts in cultures raises questions about factors that maintain them under field conditions, while endosymbionts that persisted in laboratory culture provide candidates for interspecific transfers.
How does economic complexity influence environmental degradation? New insights from African countries
Authors: Ntang Philemon Bonaventure , Baida Louise Angèle , Abba Yadou Barnabe
Published: June 2023

This paper seeks to investigate the effect of economic complexity on environmental degradation in 20 selected African countries over the period 1991–2014. The Feasible Generalized Least Square (FGLS), and Driscoll‐Kraay estimators (DK) are used to capture the objectives of the study. The results suggest that economic complexity and economic growth enhance environmental degradation. Also, natural resources rents and globalization improve environmental quality. Furthermore, the findings reject the U‐shaped relationship between economic complexity and environmental degradation. In addition, the Dumitrescu‐Hurlin panel causality test shows a bidirectional causal relation between economic complexity and environmental degradation. Taking into account the ecological deficit or ecological reserve status of country, it is shown that while the natural resource rents reduce environmental degradation in ecological reserve countries, they increase environmental degradation in ecological deficit countries. The results are robust when an alternative measure of economic complexity is used. Based on these findings, the paper suggests that the governments of African countries should take into account economic complexity when designing their environmental protection policies.
Colonization of diatoms in and on porcine bone substrate and considerations of diatom ecology for forensic science
Authors: Marshall Michelle , Chraïbi Victoria , Morgan Ryan
Published: June 2023

The presence of diatom algae in bone marrow has been used as forensic evidence of drowning for several decades; however, these studies are based on known or suspected recent drowning events. This study addresses the potential for diatoms to enter the bone marrow of skeletal remains, that is, de‐fleshed long bones post‐mortem. In laboratory and field experiments, bones were either inflicted with two access points by a cut and acid pitting or left intact. The bones were submerged in water for at least 1 week and up to 3 months. Samples of the bone surface and marrow were inspected for diatoms. The analysis considered the time required for diatoms to enter marrow and whether genus characteristics like size or mobility affect entry. The presence of an access point influenced diatom entry in that bones without an introduced access point had zero to one diatom present in the marrow, whereas a bone with an access point had >150 diatoms present in the marrow. The results of both laboratory and field phases suggest that diatoms will reliably colonize bone in as quickly as 1 week, establishing and maintaining communities for at least 3 months. However, the bone surface assemblages differ from the source community. Bone marrow displayed even more restrictive access to diatom colonization, resulting in communities dominated by small raphid diatoms. Based on these findings, we suggest some caveats on the use of diatoms as trace evidence in forensic science with recommendations for future avenues of research.
From skin to microscope, case report of a rare manifestation of tophaceous gout: Miliary gout
Authors: Théau Cavillon , Pauline Berthe , Emilie Chotard , Pascal Guggenbuhl , François Robin
Published: June 2023

Joint symptoms associated with gout, mostly characterized by joint flare‐ups, are well known. Tophi represent the main cutaneous manifestation of gout, most often associated with a chronic and inadequately controlled disease. On rare occasions, atypical skin manifestations may occur. We present the case of a miliary form of gout in a 36‐year‐old man known to have hyperuricemia. Microscopic direct analysis of the skin material revealed the presence of monosodium urate (MSU) crystals. Rash disappeared with corticosteroid therapy in parallel with joint symptoms recovery. Knowledge of this unusual gout‐related skin disease is essential to diagnosing uncommon presentations of gout, which sometimes occur before joint symptoms. This case highlights the importance of sampling any skin lesion suspected of being tophus, for MSU crystal identification, and provides a definitive diagnosis.
Comparison of clinical and laboratory features and treatment responses in patients with clinically amyopathic juvenile dermatomyositis and classical juvenile dermatomyositis
Authors: Gezgin Yıldırım Deniz , Baglan Esra , Güngörer Vildan , Yıldız Cisem , Tuncez Serife , Bülbül Mehmet , Acar Banu , Bakkaloğlu Sevcan A.
Published: June 2023

Aim

The aim of this study was to compare the clinical and laboratory features, treatment choices and responses, and outcomes between patients with clinically amyopathic juvenile dermatomyositis (CAJDM) and classical juvenile dermatomyositis (JDM).

Methods

We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of patients with CAJDM and JDM, and compared the 2 groups' clinical and laboratory data, treatment agents and responses, and outcomes.

Results

There were 38 JDM and 12 CAJDM patients, with female dominance. There was a higher delay time in diagnosis for CAJDM (P = 0.000). Compared to other clinical symptoms of JDM, muscle weakness and myalgia were more prominent in JDM than in CAJDM (P = 0.000). The absolute lymphocyte count was lower (P = 0.034) in patients with JDM than in those with CAJDM. Anti‐p155/140 (TIF‐1) antibody positivity was significantly more common in the CAJDM group (P = 0.000), while anti‐NXP2 antibody was more common in the JDM group (P = 0.046). In terms of treatment, pulse corticosteroid usage was more common in patients with JDM than in those with CAJDM (P = 0.000).

Conclusion

Close clinical follow‐ups with effective treatments are important to prevent complications, such as calcinosis and skin ulcers, that may develop in patients with poorly controlled CAJDM. Anti‐p155/140 antibodies may be a useful indicator for detecting amyopathic forms of dermatomyositis in children.
Prognostic impact of LILRB4 expression on tumor‐infiltrating cells in resected non‐small cell lung cancer
Authors: Kumata Sakiko , Notsuda Hirotsugu , Su Mei‐Tzu , Saito‐Koyama Ryoko , Tanaka Ryota , Suzuki Yuyo , Funahashi Junichi , Endo Shota , Yokota Isao , Takai Toshiyuki , Okada Yoshinori
Published: June 2023

Background

Leukocyte immunoglobulin‐like receptor subfamily B member 4 (LILRB4/ILT3) is an up‐and‐coming molecule that promotes immune evasion. We have previously reported that LILRB4 facilitates myeloid‐derived suppressor cells (MDSCs)‐mediated tumor metastasis in mice. This study aimed to investigate the impact of the LILRB4 expression levels on tumor‐infiltrating cells on the prognosis of non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients.

Methods

We immunohistochemically evaluated the LILRB4 expression levels of completely resected 239 NSCLC specimens. Whether the blocking of LILRB4 on human PBMC‐derived CD33+ MDSCs inhibited the migration ability of lung cancer cells was also examined using transwell migration assay.

Results

The LILRB4 high group, in which patients with a high LILRB4 expression level on tumor‐infiltrating cells, showed a shorter overall survival (OS) (p = 0.013) and relapse‐free survival (RFS) (p = 0.0017) compared to the LILRB4 low group. Multivariate analyses revealed that a high LILRB4 expression was an independent factor for postoperative recurrence, poor OS and RFS. Even in the cohort background aligned by propensity score matching, OS (p = 0.023) and RFS (p = 0.0046) in the LILRB4 high group were shorter than in the LILRB4 low group. Some of the LILRB4 positive cells were positive for MDSC markers, CD33 and CD14. Transwell migration assay demonstrated that blocking LILRB4 significantly inhibited the migration of human lung cancer cells cocultured with CD33+ MDSCs.

Conclusion

Together, signals through LILRB4 on tumor‐infiltrating cells, including MDSCs, play an essential role in promoting tumor evasion and cancer progression, impacting the recurrence and poor prognosis of patients with resected NSCLC.
Modelling the dynamics of senescence spread
Authors: Martin Lucy , Schumacher Linus , Chandra Tamir
Published: June 2023

Cellular senescence is a cell surveillance mechanism that arrests the cell cycle in damaged cells. The senescent phenotype can spread from cell to cell through paracrine and juxtacrine signalling, but the dynamics of this process are not well understood. Although senescent cells are important in ageing, wound healing and cancer, it is unclear how the spread of senescence is contained in senescent lesions. In the absence of the immune system, senescence could theoretically spread infinitely from one cell to another, but this contradicts experimental evidence. To investigate this issue, we developed both a minimal mathematical model and a stochastic simulation of senescence spread. Our results suggest that differences in the number of signalling molecules secreted between subtypes of senescent cells can limit the spread of senescence. We found that dynamic, time‐dependent paracrine signalling prevents the uncontrolled spread of senescence, and we demonstrate how model parameters can be determined using Bayesian inference in a proposed experiment.
Excerpt from “Near Far” (Flashlets on remoteness)
Authors: Stone Nomi
Published: June 2023

“Near Far” is a work in progress of “flashlets”/flash ethnography engaging questions of nearness and farness, intimacy and distance, through geographic and affective terrain. The work, a hybrid form at the border of ethnography, creative nonfiction, and poetry, pivots around the Hebrides (the ethnographic case study for “remoteness”), my wife's home.
Thinking outside the (museum) box
Authors: Donlan Katie
Published: June 2023

Traversing between museum, archive, and community, this flash ethnography explores the tensions and possibilities of museum collections research today. As museums increasingly strive to repair relationships with descendant communities via collaboration and renewed access to collections, lingering questions remain. Where do cultural items belong, how should they be cared for, and by whom? I draw attention to the potential limits of familiar museum tools of documentation and preservation—databases, storage boxes, and cotton gloves—that become illuminated when cultural items travel home to communities. Ultimately, I seek to complicate the museum's capacity to care for the complex, lively, and storied belongings that “collections” indeed are.
Epithelial recurrent erosion dystrophy (ERED) from the splice site altering COL17A1 variant c.3156C>T in families of Finnish‐Swedish ancestry
Authors: Turunen Joni A. , Tuisku Ilpo S. , Repo Pauliina , Mörtenhumer Sanna , Kawan Sabita , Järvinen Reetta‐Stiina , Korsbäck Anna , Immonen Annamari T. , Kivelä Tero T.
Published: June 2023

Purpose

To describe four Finnish families with epithelial recurrent erosion dystrophy (ERED) caused by the pathogenic variant c.3156C>T in collagen type XVII alpha 1 chain gene (COL17A1).

Methods

Eleven affected and two unaffected individuals underwent clinical ophthalmological examination, anterior segment photography, and corneal topography. Two of them underwent phototherapeutic keratectomy (PTK). Genetic analysis included both next‐generation and Sanger sequencing. Specimens from the manual keratectomy of one patient were available for ophthalmic pathologic examination, including immunohistochemistry.

Results

The common splice‐site altering synonymous variant c.3156C > T, p.(Gly1052=) in COL17A1 was confirmed in 15 individuals with ERED from the four families. Subepithelial corneal scarring grades varied and increased with age, leading to decreased best‐corrected visual acuity. PTK improved vision in 58‐ and 67‐year‐old individuals without reactivating the disease. The keratectomy specimens showed an uneven epithelium and a spectrum of basement membrane abnormalities, including breaks, fragmentation, multiplication and entrapment within the subepithelial scar, reflecting recurrent erosions. The stromal cells consisted of varying proportions of bland and activated fibroblasts and myofibroblasts, reflecting different ages of scars. The family with the largest number of known affected generations originated from Southern Sweden.

Conclusion

The phenotype in the Finnish ERED families is consistent with earlier reports of the c.3156C > T variant, although the severity has varied between reports. The phenotype may be modulated by other genes. This study suggests a likely founder effect of the variant in both Finnish and Swedish populations due to their shared population histories. If vision is compromised, PTK can be considered especially in older patients.
A high soil potential net nitrification was observed at 4 m depth: What are the driving factors?
Authors: Andrianarisoa Kasaina Sitraka , Dufour Lydie , Bienaimé Séverine , Zeller Bernhard , Choma Caroline , Dupraz Christian
Published: June 2023

Studies about nitrogen (N) mineralization and nitrification in deep soil layers are rare because N processes are considered to occur mainly in topsoil that hosts active and diverse microbial communities. This study aimed to measure the soil potential net N mineralization (PNM) and nitrification (PNN) down to 4 m depth and to discuss factors controlling their variability. Twenty‐one soil cores were collected at the Restinclières agroforestry experimental site, where 14‐year‐old hybrid walnut trees were intercropped with durum wheat. Soil cores were incubated in the dark in the laboratory at both 6 and 25°C. The soil was a deep calcic fluvisol with a fluctuating water table. It featured a black layer that was very rich in organic matter and permanently water saturated at depths between 3.0 and 4.0 m. The mean soil mineral N content was 3 mg N kg−1 soil in the upper 0.0–0.2 m layer, decreasing until a depth of 2 m and increasing to the maximum value of 25.8 mg N kg−1 soil in the black layer. While nitrate (NO3−) was the dominant form of mineral N (89%) in the upper 0.0–0.2 m layer, its proportion progressively decreased with depth until ammonium (NH4+) became almost the only form of mineral N (97%) in the saturated black layer. Laboratory soil incubation revealed that PNM and PNN occurred at all depths, although the latter remained low at 6°C. The soil nitrate content in the black layer was multiplied by 48 times after 51 days of incubation at 25°C, whereas it was almost inexistent at the sampling date. While the soil total N, the pH and the incubation temperature explained 84% of the variation in PNM, only 29% of the percent nitrification variance was explained by the incubation temperature (Tinc) and the soil C‐to‐N ratio. These results point out the necessity to consider soil potential net N mineralization and nitrification of deep soil layers to improve model predictions.
Nano‐invasomes for simultaneous topical delivery of buprenorphine and bupivacaine for dermal analgesia
Authors: Babaie Soraya , Charkhpour Mohammad , Kouhsoltani Maryam , Hamishehkar Hamed , Paiva‐Santos Ana Cláudia
Published: June 2023

Opioid and local anaesthetic receptors are abundantly concentrated in different layers of the skin. Therefore, simultaneous targeting of these receptors can produce more potent dermal anaesthesia. Herein, we developed lipid‐based nanovesicles for the co‐delivery of buprenorphine and bupivacaine to efficiently target skin‐concentrated pain receptors. Invasomes incorporating two drugs were prepared by ethanol injection method. Subsequently, the size, zeta potential, encapsulation efficiency, morphology, and in‐vitro drug release of vesicles were characterized. Ex‐vivo penetration features of vesicles were then investigated by the franz diffusion cell on the full‐thickness human skin. Wherein, it was demonstrated that invasomes penetrated the skin deeper and delivered bupivacaine more effectively than buprenorphine to the target site. The superiority of invasome penetration was further evidenced by the results of ex‐vivo fluorescent dye tracking. Estimation of in‐vivo pain responses by the tail‐flick test revealed that compared with the liposomal group, the group receiving invasomal formulation and drug‐free invasomal formulation (only containing menthol) displayed increased analgesia in the initial times of 5 and 10 min. Also, no signs of oedema or erythema were observed in the Daze test in any of the rats receiving the invasome formulation. Finally, ex‐vivo and in‐vivo assays demonstrated efficiency in delivering both drugs into deeper layers of skin and exposing them to the located pain receptors, which improves the time of onset and the analgesic effects. Hence, this formulation appears to be a promising candidate for tremendous development in the clinical setting.
Cool shade and not‐so‐cool shade: How habitat loss may accelerate thermal stress under current and future climate
Authors: Stark Gavin , Ma Liang , Zeng Zhi‐Gao , Du Wei‐Guo , Levy Ofir
Published: June 2023

Worldwide habitat loss, land‐use changes, and climate change threaten biodiversity, and we urgently need models that predict the combined impacts of these threats on organisms. Current models, however, overlook microhabitat diversity within landscapes and so do not accurately inform conservation efforts, particularly for ectotherms. Here, we built and field‐parameterized a model to examine the effects of habitat loss and climate change on activity and microhabitat selection by a diurnal desert lizard. Our model predicted that lizards in rock‐free areas would reduce summer activity levels (e.g. foraging, basking) and that future warming will gradually decrease summer activity in rocky areas, as even large rocks become thermally stressful. Warmer winters will enable more activity but will require bushes and small rocks as shade retreats. Hence, microhabitats that may seem unimportant today will become important under climate change. Modelling frameworks should consider the microhabitat requirements of organisms to improve conservation outcomes.
Bleeding events in people with congenital haemophilia A without factor VIII inhibitors receiving prophylactic factor VIII treatment: A systematic literature review
Authors: Mannucci Pier Mannuccio , Kessler Craig M. , Germini Federico , Nissen Francis , Ofori‐Asenso Richard , Brocchieri Cristian , Bendinelli Sara , Iorio Alfonso
Published: June 2023

Background

Evidence on bleeding rates in people with congenital haemophilia A (PwcHA) without inhibitors on factor VIII (FVIII) replacement products is inconsistent.

Aim

This systematic literature review assessed bleeding outcomes in PwcHA using FVIII‐containing products as prophylactic treatment.

Methods

A search was conducted using the bibliographic databases Medline, Embase and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials on the Ovid platform. The search involved a bibliographic review of clinical trial studies, routine clinical care studies and registries and a search of ClinicalTrials.gov, EU Clinical Trials Register and conference abstracts.

Results

The search yielded 5548 citations. A total of 58 publications were included for analysis. In 48 interventional studies, the pooled estimated mean (95% confidence interval [CI]) annualized bleeding rate (ABR), annualized joint bleeding rate (AJBR) and proportion of participants with zero bleeding events were 3.4 (3.0–3.7), 2.0 (1.6–2.5), and 38.5% (33.1–43.9), respectively. In 10 observational studies, the pooled estimated mean (95% CI) ABR, AJBR and proportion of participants with zero bleeding events were 4.8 (4.0–5.5), 2.6 (2.1–3.2), and 21.8% (19.9–47.5), respectively. A large variation in mean effect size for ABR, AJBR and zero bleeding event data across cohorts and cohort types was observed. Funnel plots indicated potential reporting bias for publications incorporating ABR and AJBR data across both interventional and observational studies.

Conclusion

This meta‐analysis shows that PwcHA without inhibitors still have bleeds despite FVIII prophylaxis. Improved standardization on capturing and reporting bleeding outcomes is needed so that effective comparisons between treatments can be made.
Elevated eosinophils proportion as predictor of immune‐related adverse events after ipilimumab and nivolumab treatment of advanced and metastatic renal cell carcinoma
Authors: Tasaki Yoshihiko , Hamamoto Shuzo , Sugiyama Yosuke , Tomiyama Nami , Naiki Taku , Etani Toshiki , Taguchi Kazumi , Matsuyama Nayuka , Sue Yasuhito , Mimura Yoshihisa , Kubota Hiroki , Noda Yusuke , Aoki Maria , Moritoki Yoshinobu , Nozaki Satoshi , Kurokawa Satoshi , Okada Atsushi , Kawai Noriyasu , Yasui Takahiro , Kimura Kazunori
Published: June 2023

Objectives

Ipilimumab and nivolumab treatment against advanced and metastatic renal cell carcinoma (RCC) causes severe and lethal immune‐related adverse events (irAEs). Predicting irAEs might improve clinical outcomes, however no practical biomarkers exist. This study examined whether eosinophils could be effective biomarkers for ≥grade 2 irAEs in RCC.

Methods

We retrospectively analyzed 75 patients with RCC treated with ipilimumab and nivolumab between August 2018 and March 2021 in a multicenter study. Eosinophils were examined before and 2 weeks after treatment, and immediately after irAEs development. The optimal cut‐off value for ≥grade 2 irAEs was determined by a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. Univariate and multivariate analyses were undertaken to identify predictors of ≥grade 2 irAEs.

Results

Two weeks after treatment, eosinophils were significantly upregulated in patients who had experienced ≥grade 2 irAEs than in those who had not experienced irAEs (mean, 5.7% vs. 3.2%; p < 0.05). The optimal cut‐off value for eosinophils against ≥grade 2 irAEs was 3.0% (area under the curve = 0.69). In multivariate analyses, an eosinophil level ≥ 3.0% was a risk factor for ≥grade 2 irAEs (odds ratio 4.18, 95% confidence interval 1.16–15.1). The eosinophil level 2 weeks after treatment was upregulated by the onset of any type of irAEs including endocrine, gastrointestinal, pulmonary and skin disorders.

Conclusions

An increased eosinophil level 2 weeks after treatment might be an effective biomarker for ≥grade 2 irAEs in patients with RCC treated with ipilimumab and nivolumab.
Understanding nurse suicide using an ideation‐to‐action framework: An integrative review
Authors: Basu Natasha , Barinas Jennifer , Williams Kimberly , Clanton Clista , Smith Phillip N.
Published: June 2023

Objective

The purpose of this integrative review was to explore, appraise and synthesize the current literature on correlates of suicide risk in nurses.

Design

Integrative literature review.

Data sources

Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), Joanna Briggs Institute, PubMed, PsycInfo and Scopus electronic databases were searched for abstracts published between 2005 and 2020. Reference lists were hand searched.

Review methods

The integrative review was based on the Whittemore and Knafl review methodology. Primary qualitative and quantitative studies about suicidal behaviour in nurses published in peer‐reviewed journals were included. The methodological quality of included articles was assessed using the Mixed Methods Assessment Tool.

Results

Separate correlates of risk and protective factors were identified for suicidal ideation, suicide attempt and death by suicide in nurses.

Implications

Due to a number of factors at the individual, interpersonal and work levels, nurses are uniquely positioned to be at risk of dying by suicide. The ideation‐to‐action framework provides a theoretical guide to understand the interplay between correlates and the effect it has on increasing a nurses' capability for suicide.

Conclusions

This review integrates the empirical literature to elucidate the concept of suicidal behaviour as it applies to nurses.
‘It's like home’ – A small‐scale dementia care home and the use of technology: A qualitative study
Authors: D'Cunha Nathan Martin , Isbel Stephen , Bail Kasia , Gibson Diane
Published: June 2023

Aim

To explore the experiences of residents, families and staff in the establishment of a new small‐scale home model of care for people living with dementia.

Background

New and innovative small‐scale models of care have the potential to improve outcomes for older people, especially those with dementia, who experience high rates of cognitive impairment in traditional residential aged care homes in Australia.

Design

A qualitative descriptive study.

Methods

Semi‐structured interviews with 14 guests, family and staff of a new small‐scale dementia home named ‘Kambera House’ in the Australian Capital Territory were conducted between July 2021 when the home opened and August 2022. Data were analysed using reflexive thematic analysis and reported according to the COREQ guidelines.

Results

Two guests with mild‐to‐moderate dementia, five family and seven staff members participated in the study. The data revealed high satisfaction with Kambera House, generating five themes. Falls detection technology in the home provided a sense of safety, enabling more time for person‐centred care. Free, everyday technology connected the home with families as part of an overall community of care where staff were empowered to maximize choice and dignity of risk of guests living in the home. This contributed to the sense of community, rather than an institution, where the conditions of work supported the conditions of care, and were embedded in a culture of responsiveness, change and flexibility.

Conclusion

Kambera House represents a successful example of a new small‐scale dementia home. Technology played an important background role in improving overall safety and flexibility as part of a model of care which demonstrated positive experiences for guests and families by being responsive to their individual needs.

Impacts

Small‐scale homes for people with dementia offer an alternative model that may provide more individualized, person‐centred care compared with the traditional institutionalized care.

Patient or Public Contribution

No patient or public contribution.
Queering singlehood: Examining the intersection of sexuality and relationship status from a queer lens
Authors: Lavender‐Stott Erin S.
Published: June 2023

This paper uses a queer theoretical lens to redefine family boundaries and structures by exploring LGBTQIA+ and single adults' relationships through the interconnectedness of their marginalized histories. Queer theory both centers LGBTQIA+ lives and deconstructs normativities. The overlapping history of singlehood and LGBTQIA+ will be explored using examples including romantic friendships, same‐sex couples and legal marriage, family of choice, and relationship anarchy. These examples explore how LGBTQIA+ people have often been considered single or choose new interpretations of singlehood (e.g., solo polyamory). The paper also explores how single people have often been considered outside the heterosexual norm. Thus, how these lived experiences deconstruct heteronormativity and can deconstruct mononormativity, amatonormativity, and homonormativity is examined. Understanding and acknowledging family lives beyond these normativities will build toward a more inclusive family and relationship science.
The effects of decision aids for genetic counselling among people considering genetic testing: A systematic review
Authors: Chair Sek Ying , Law Bernard M. H. , Zang Yuli , Waye Mary M. Y. , Cheng Ho Yu , Chow Ka Ming
Published: June 2023

Aim

To assess the effectiveness of decision aids for genetic counsellees to improve their conflicts in decision‐making and psychological well‐being when considering genetic tests for inherited genetic diseases, and their knowledge about these tests and their genetic risks.

Design

Systematic review.

Data sources

Six electronic databases (PubMed, MEDLINE, OVID Nursing, APA PsycINFO, EMBASE and CINAHL) were searched from inception to May 2022.

Review methods

Only randomised controlled trials that examined the effect of decision aids for information provision centring genetic testing on outcomes including decisional conflicts, informed choice making, knowledge on genetic risks or genetic tests, and psychological outcomes among participants who had undergone genetic counselling were included. Their risk of bias was assessed using the Version 2 of the Cochrane risk of bias tool for randomised trials. Results were presented narratively. The review was conducted according to the PRISMA checklist.

Results

Eight included studies examined the effect of booklet‐based, computer‐based, film‐based or web‐based decision aids on individuals considering genetic testing for their increased cancer risks. Despite contrasting findings across studies, they showed that decision aids enable genetic counsellees to feel more informed in decision‐making on genetic tests, although most showed no effect on decisional conflict. Knowledge of genetic counsellees on genetic risks and genetic tests were increased after the use of decision aids. Most studies showed no significant effect on any psychological outcomes assessed.

Conclusions

Review findings corroborate the use of decision aids to enhance the effective delivery of genetic counselling, enabling genetic counsellees to gain more knowledge of genetic tests and feel more informed in making decisions to have these tests.

Relevance to clinical practice

Decision aids can be used to support nurse‐led genetic counselling for better knowledge acquisition and decision‐making among counsellees.

No patient or public contribution

Patient or public contribution is not applicable as this is a systematic review.
Comparison of oncological outcomes between sentinel lymph node biopsy and complete lymphadenectomy for endometrial cancer
Authors: Makroum Amany Abdelwadoud , Lee Yong Jae , Lee Jung‐Yun , Nam Eun Ji , Kim Sunghoon , Kim Sang Wun , Kim Young Tae
Published: June 2023

Aim

Sentinel lymph node (SLN) mapping allows node‐negative patients to be spared from the surgical comorbidities associated with total lymphadenectomy. This study aimed to evaluate the oncological outcomes of SLN biopsy versus complete lymph node dissection in patients with early‐stage endometrial carcinoma.

Methods

Retrospective analyses were performed in patients with pathologically confirmed endometrioid endometrial carcinoma, who underwent minimally invasive surgical staging with SLN biopsy or complete lymph node dissection at Yonsei Cancer Center between 2015 and 2019.

Results

A total of 301 patients were included in this study. Eighty‐two patients underwent SLN biopsy, while 219 underwent complete lymph node dissection. There were no significant differences in patient characteristics between the two groups. In terms of operative characteristics, the SLN biopsy‐only group had a significantly shorter surgical duration (p < 0.001) than the lymphadenectomy group. The mean follow‐up period was 41.4 months. There were no differences in progression‐free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) between the two groups (SLN biopsy vs. complete lymph node dissection; p = 0.798 and 0.301, respectively). Multivariate analysis revealed that SLN biopsy was not an independent prognostic factor for PFS or OS.

Conclusion

Our results showed that SLN biopsy provided oncological outcomes similar to those of lymphadenectomy.
Deaths and COVID‐19: Talk, silence and alternative realities
Authors: Sim Joe , Tombs Steve
Published: June 2023

This article critically considers the UK Government's insidious attempts to control the narrative around COVID‐19 deaths through using the interrelated strategies of “talk and ‘silence’ in order to socially construct a definitive ‘truth’” around the virus. The article traces how these strategies worked in practice and the shift which took place from numerous press briefings and Parliamentary debates to an ominous silence around the number of deaths, in particular. At the same time, as the article illustrates, the government's truth has not prevailed. Their twin strategy has been contested and resisted by grassroots organizations and radical lawyers who have demanded that Ministers should take responsibility for the tens of thousands of preventable deaths which have occurred. Rather than government talk and silence prevailing, it is the voices of the haunted relatives of the dead, demanding accountability, which are creating an alternative narrative.
Liver support systems and liver transplantation in acute liver failure
Authors: Larsen Fin S. , Saliba Faouzi
Published: June 2023

Acute liver failure (ALF) results in a multitude of complications that result in multi‐organ failure. This review focuses on the pathophysiological processes and how to manage with these with artificial liver support and liver transplantation (LT). The pathophysiological sequence of events behind clinical deterioration in ALF comes down to two profound consequences of the failing liver. The first is the development of hyperammonemia, as the liver can no longer synthesize urea. The result is that the splanchnic system instead of removing ammonia becomes an ammonia‐producing organ system that causes hepatic encephalopathy (HE) and cerebral oedema. The second complication is caused by the necrotic liver cells that release large molecules that originate from degrading proteins, that is damage associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) which causes inflammatory activation of intrahepatic macrophages and an overflow of DAMPs molecules into the systemic circulation resulting in a clinical picture that resembles septic shock. In this context the combined use of continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) and plasma exchange are rational and simple ways to remove ammonia and DAMPS molecules. This combination improve survival for ALF patients deemed not appropriate for LT, despite poor prognostic criteria, but also ensure a better stability of vital organs while awaiting LT. The combination of CRRT with albumin dialysis tends to have a similar effect. Currently, the selection criteria for LT for non‐paracetamol cases appear robust while the criteria for paracetamol‐intoxicated patients have become more unreliable and now consist of more dynamic prognostic systems. For patients that need LT for survival, a tremendous improvement in the post‐LT results has been achieved during the last decade with a survival that now reach merely 90% which is mirroring the results seen after LT for chronic liver disease.
Transcutaneous electrical stimulation for gastrointestinal motility disorders
Authors: Song Gengqing , Trujillo Sophie , Fu Yuhan , Shibi Fahmi , Chen Jiande , Fass Ronnie
Published: June 2023

Background/Purpose

Gastrointestinal (GI) dysmotility is categorized by muscle or nerve dysfunctions in any portion of the GI tract, which leads to abnormalities in GI motor and sensory function. Symptoms may vary depending on the organ affected and can be debilitating. Treatment usually involves diet and lifestyle changes. Pharmacotherapy is limited in effectiveness with various side effects. Transcutaneous electrical stimulation (TES), a noninvasive, needleless technique that provides electrical stimulation using cutaneous non‐needle electrodes, has become increasingly popular. It has been shown to be beneficial in treating GI motility disorders.

Methods

This review paper navigates through the different TES techniques, including transcutaneous peripheral nerve (vagal/sacral/tibial nerves) electrical stimulation, transcutaneous electrical acustimulation (stimulation via acupuncture point), transcutaneous interferential current therapy, and transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation.

Key Results

As we delve deeper, we explore the promising effects of TES on dysphagia, gastroesophageal reflux disease, functional dyspepsia, gastroparesis, postoperative ileus, constipation, and irritable bowel syndrome. The literature at hand speaks volumes about the therapeutic prowess of this noninvasive technique.

Conclusion & Inferences

The time is ripe to evaluate further the full therapeutic potential of TES, a noninvasive, nonpharmaceutical, nonsurgical, and home‐based self‐administrative technique in managing GI motility disorders.
When work and family collide: ‘Resource Caravans’ of personal and contextual resources in remote work
Authors: Carlson Dawn S. , Perry Sara J. , Kacmar Micki , Wan Min (Maggie) , Thompson Merideth J.
Published: June 2023

Research on remote work remains without consensus as to its benefits, with continued questions about which factors may enable it to be more beneficial to employees working remotely. Applying Conservation of Resources theory, we explore the impact of ‘resource caravans’ on ‘work–family balance’ and subsequent ‘well‐being’ in a sample of 446 remote workers. Our findings contribute to ongoing sociological debates by showing exactly how flexibility and control play a role in the remote workplace. Specifically, our model revealed that ‘sense of control’ over home was most beneficial for ‘work–family balance’ among experienced remote workers who had high levels of ‘schedule flexibility’, whereas ‘work–family balance’ benefited from lower levels of ‘schedule flexibility’ among new remote workers. Resources from the home domain were most critical for ‘work–family balance’, which mediated the effects of the ‘resource caravan’ from the home domain on overall employee ‘well‐being’.
A narrative review of the role of Eph receptors in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Al‐Jamaei Aisha A. H. , Subramanyam Ramadugula V. , Helder Marco N. , Forouzanfar Tymour , van der Meij Erik H. , Al‐Jamei Sayida , de Visscher Jan G. A. M.
Published: June 2023

Tyrosine kinase receptors (TKR) coordinate a variety of pathological processes in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), and eventually play a role in patient outcomes. In this review, the role of Eph receptors in HNSCC progression and the possibility of targeting these receptors are illustrated. All relevant studies were identified through a comprehensive search of four electronic databases, including PubMed, Scopus, web of science, and Embase till August 2022. EphA2 and EphB4, along with ephrin‐B2, were the most extensively studied proteins in this family. However, overexpression of EphB4 and its ligand ephrin‐B2 were the only proteins that consistently showed association with a poor outcome, indicating that these proteins might serve as valuable prognostic markers in HNSCC. High expression of EphA3 and EphB4 was found to play a crucial role in radioresistance of HNSCC. EphB4 loss, in particular, was observed to induce an immunosuppression phenotypic HNSCC. Currently, ongoing clinical trials are investigating the benefits of EphB4‐ephrin‐B2 blockade in combination with standard of care treatment in HNSCC. Further efforts are needed to explore the biological role and behavioral complexity of this family of TKR in HNSCC with great attention to avoid heterogeneity of HNSCC subsites.
Luxury brand licensing: Competition and reference group effects
Authors: Arifoğlu Kenan , Tang Christopher S.
Published: June 2023

Theoretical research in marketing has traditionally focused on centralized brand‐extension strategies where a brand expands its product offerings by controlling the design, production, marketing, and sales of new products “in‐house.” However, luxury brands frequently use “brand licensing” as a decentralized brand‐extension strategy under which a brand licenses its brand name to an “external licensee” that designs, produces, and sells the new product. Licensing is a time‐efficient and cost‐effective brand‐extension strategy for luxury brands to reach out to their aspirational, low‐end consumers (“followers”) who value a brand more when more high‐end consumers (“snobs”) purchase the brand's primary product (i.e., “positive popularity effect”). On the other hand, over‐licensing might dilute the brand for snobs who value brand exclusivity (i.e., “negative popularity effect”). We develop a game‐theoretic model to study luxury brand licensing in a decentralized setting by incorporating these two countervailing forces. First, in the monopoly setting (a benchmark), we find that the monopoly brand should license only when the negative popularity effect is not too high, and it should prefer “royalty licensing” over “fixed‐fee licensing” when the negative popularity effect is intermediate. Second, to explicate our analysis, we study the duopoly setting under fixed‐fee contracts. In contrast to the monopoly setting, we find that fixed‐fee licensing can “soften” price competition between brands so that licensing is “always” profitable for both brands under competition. Interestingly, in equilibrium under fixed‐fee contracts, competing brands face a prisoner's dilemma and both brands prefer not to license in some cases, even though both would be better off if they could commit to fixed‐fee licensing. Finally, we expand our analysis of the duopoly model by incorporating royalty licensing in addition to fixed‐fee licensing. We find that, in contrast to fixed‐fee licensing, royalty licensing can “intensify” price competition so that both brands have to lower their prices. Consequently, when the positive popularity effect is sufficiently strong, fixed‐fee licensing “dominates” royalty licensing. We also show that, under competition, luxury brands should adopt royalty licensing contracts only when the follower market is large and positive and negative popularity effects are small enough.