bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Opozycyjnie o polskich mediach publicznych. Analiza publicystyki Jacka Żakowskiego (2005-2010)
Authors: Jędrzejczak Paweł
Published: November 2018

According to Jacek Żakowski, politicization is the main barrier for the proper functioning of the public media in Poland. This paper discusses his point of view as far as the reasons of its condition and its meaning in a democratic state is concerned. J. Żakowski’s vision may be defined as an example of a civil opposition, because in his commentary he took a stand of an independent expert, who criticizes inappropriate relations between politicians and broadcasters and presents ideas for reforming the politicized media in Poland.
Hegemoniczna męskość i dywidenda patriarchatu. O społecznej teorii płci kulturowej Raewyn Connell
Authors: Skoczylas Łukasz
Published: November 2018

The article gives a brief introduction to the social theory of gender relations created by R. Connell. It discusses mainly the concept of hegemonic masculinity, showing its main features and present form. The article also underlines Connell’s understanding of cultural gender. Moreover, masculinity in different cultures and the sources of modern masculinity patterns are presented.
Polska zdekolonizowana? „Pamięć o kobietach” i jej wymiary
Authors: Kania Eliza
Published: November 2018

What is the meaning of „herstory” concept? Can gender perspective be useful to discuss the dimensions of historical narratives? The text is an attempt to answer questions concerning the historical and cultural contexts of showing women’s role in history. It also analyses the content of crucial publications due to which the discussion on using gender perspective in historical narratives in Poland has begun.
Telewizja w kampanii wyborczej – wybrane aspekty
Authors: Sopalski Paweł
Published: November 2018

Television has become one of the most significant means of communication during last 50 years. During political campains politicians use a wide range of techniques in order to gain their voters’ support. Debates before elections, polls, announcements on Tv are the most common means used by parties. Developement of technology caused the increase of politicians presence not only in the news but also in the shows.
Marketing polityczny na przykładzie witryn internetowych kół poselskich i klubów parlamentarnych w Sejmie RP VI kadencji
Authors: Schroeder-Polak Marta
Published: November 2018

Contemporary political marketing is increasingly using the Internet for its actions. The subject of this article is to analyze this phenomenon in the context of Polish Parliamentary Clubs’ websites. Elements such as page layout, subpages, available information or references to social networking sites were considered. The fundamental question in this article was whether and how Parliamentary Clubs exploit new opportunities?
E-voting jako forma demokracji bezpośredniej. Dotychczasowe doświadczenia i ich konsekwencje
Authors: Duda Krzysztof
Published: November 2018

This article is going to point main advantages and disadvantages of e-voting. That form of voting could be a turning point in modern democracy. It can avoid many concerns and problems – there are some certain examples attached. It’s our choice to try e-votig but it’ is essencial to know all pros and cons
Wyjście z kryzysu – proces stabilizacji oraz odbudowa państwa afgańskiego
Authors: Weosłowska-Maciejewska Anna
Published: November 2018

Afghanistan is one of the most unstable countries in the world. The process of reconstruction began in 2001 when Taliban regime was defeated. It is difficult to stabilize situation in Afghanistan. Stabilization requires the help from an international community, especially the European Union, the ISAF and the United States of America. The support is mostly financial and material. However, there are many problems such as production and smuggling of drugs. Another problem is also Afghans’ huge poverty. These factors influence the completion of tasks negatively.
Archipelag Senkaku. Źródło napięć na Morzu Wschodniochińskim
Authors: Kaczmarek Piotr
Published: November 2018

The article analyzes the question of Senkaku/Diauoyu Islands dispute between Japan, China and Taiwan. The aim of the text is to present how the dispute has affected Japan-China bilateral relations. At first, the paper focuses on characterization: the subject of dispute, claims of countries, its course and an international aspect. The second part considers: the incident in September 2010 and its consequences, the dispute effects and prosperities of its regulations. The relations between China and Japan are very complicated. The Senkaku Islands dispute and 2010 incident are presently one of the most important reasons for disagreement.
Znaczenie Turcji dla gospodarki i bezpieczeństwa Unii Europejskiej
Authors: Pohl Artur
Published: November 2018

In the second decade of 21st century the European Union will have to face the economic crisis and a problem of its domestic and international security enhancement. In both cases, the Turkish access to the organization can be a cure for European problems. Fast-growing economy, with young, well-educated society as well as big market may be an impulse to the economic growth of the EU. Economic surroundings and geostrategic location of Turkey, with its strongand modern army, can positively affect the security of the organization.
Polityczne public relations w podczas kampanii wyborczych w III RP
Authors: Kardaś Jarosław
Published: November 2018

Creating the image of politicians is always a deliberate act. PR should be a reliable source of information about politicians or party. Very often the image of a political party or a politician is being built exclusively on the basis of media coverage. It seems that success in politics inevitably connects with a good presentation in the media. The experience of Polish political PR is only 25 years old. This can not be compared with the experiences of western countries, especially the United States. However, even in this period, we have seen a very well-run election campaigns, but also those which were conducted incompetently.
Tożsamość żydowska na pograniczu kultur i narodów
Authors: Jaśkowiak Irmina
Published: November 2018

Identity construction is one of the fundamental human needs. The process takes place in two areas simultaneously: internal, self-reflexive and external, associated with a sense of belonging to a particular group. The Jews, until the beginning of the nineteenth century constituted quite uniform society voluntarily separating themselves from other communities. As a result of emancipation and assimilation processes, various influences affect their identity. As a consequence the Jews faced two difficulties. The first one was the dilemma between own nation and territorial homeland while the other was the progressing deep internal divisions. At present Jewish identity is most of all national and ethnical identity strongly reinforced by historical memory and fight with anti-Semitism. After the period of the twentieth century crisis and in the light of the western world secularization it has become also cultural identity.Identity construction is one of the fundamental human needs. Theprocess takes place in two areas simultaneously: internal, self-reflexiveand external, associated with a sense of belonging to a particulargroup. The Jews, until the beginning of the nineteenth century constitutedquite uniform society voluntarily separating themselves fromother communities. As a result of emancipation and assimilation processes,various influences affect their identity. As a consequence theJews faced two difficulties. The first one was the dilemma betweenown nation and territorial homeland while the other was the progressingdeep internal divisions. At present Jewish identity is most of allnational and ethnical identity strongly reinforced by historical memoryand fight with anti-Semitism. After the period of the twentieth centurycrisis and in the light of the western world secularization it hasbecome also cultural identity.
Sprawozdanie z letniej szkoły: Concepta: International Research School in Conceptual History and Political Tought, 9-21 sierpnia 2015r.
Authors: Kuligowski Piotr
Published: November 2018

Sprawozdanie
Konteksty oraz uwarunkowania ruchu separatystycznego we wschodnim regionie Ukrainy w 2014 roku
Authors: Gladii Andrzej
Published: November 2018

In this paper was taken an attempt to research the causes of separatism in the Donbass based on a multi-faceted inquiry. Donbass has always been a key region in Ukraine. In many cases here were decided the political and economic destiny of the state. This region is the most socially and economically diversified. Donbass is a place of the most dangerous working conditions and the enormous social inequalities in Ukraine.In 2014 after the events at the Euromaidan Donbass was a field of fighting between the Ukrainian government and Russian-backed separatists. The issue of separatism in Ukraine remains unresolved.
Spór między partiami politycznymi dotyczący metody podziału mandatów podczas prac nad projektem Kodeksu wyborczego
Authors: Korycki Krzysztof
Published: November 2018

The article concerns the political dispute, the subject of which was a selection method for the allocation of seats during elections in Poland. The conflict concerned the modified Sainte-Laguë method or maintain its current d'Hondt system. The author divided the two parties to the conflict: large and small political parties. This article aims to analyze the causes, course and consequences of the political dispute on the method for the distribution of seats during the work of the Special Committee for consideration of some draft laws in the field of electoral law. The construction of the article consists of the following parts: 1) introduction; 2) disputed the method of distribution of mandates; 3) Left and Democrats as the initiator of the conflict ?; 4) experts Party as a point of reference; 5) Touring the political parties concerning the subject of the dispute; 6) summary.
Wojna hybrydowa jako nowe zjawisko w sztuce wojennej XXI wieku
Authors: Renn Przemysław
Published: November 2018

This article provides an insight into a new type of war - a hybrid war, which manifest itself through actions of Russia on the area of Eastern Ukraine. The author makes an attempt to classify hybrid war among other armed conflicts defined in the study of international security and relations, simultaneously trying to determine characteristic features of this phenomenon. The author hypothesize that deeper research into the problem may result in the necessity of creating new evaluative framework other than the one used for the conventional conflicts.
Separatyzm językowy w Hiszpanii
Authors: Skobrtal Marcin
Published: November 2018

Language is one of the most important features distinguishing a nation. Its role and position in the public sphere determines the level of autonomy of every stateless nation. After the death of Francisco Franco in 1975, Spain experience a revival of such nations as Catalans, Basques and Galicians. This revival has resulted in the natives’ demandsfor their languages to be recognized as official ones and be granted this particular status. This article describes the latest efforts and problems in this domain, the linguistic situation of the particular regions, as well as the legal status of each. The main aim of this article is to characterize these phenomena and to reveal in what way these demands have affected the structure of the Spanish state.
Electrical Stimulation of the Antagonist Muscle During Cycling Exercise Interval Training Improves Oxygen Uptake and Muscle Strength
Authors: Hashida Ryuki , Takano Yoshio , Matsuse Hiroo , Kudo Mei , Bekki Masafumi , Omoto Masayuki , Nago Takeshi , Kawaguchi Takumi , Torimura Takuji , Shiba Naoto
Published: November 2018

Hashida, R, Takano, Y, Matsuse, H, Kudo, M, Bekki, M, Omoto, M, Nago, T, Kawaguchi, T, Torimura, T, and Shiba, N. Electrical stimulation of the antagonist muscle during cycling exercise interval training improves oxygen uptake and muscle strength. J Strength Cond Res 35(1): 111–117, 2021—A hybrid training system (HTS) is a resistance exercise method that combines voluntary concentric muscle contractions and electrically stimulated eccentric muscle contractions. We devised an exercise technique using HTS on cycle ergometer (HCE). The purpose of this study was to compare cardiorespiratory function and muscle strength when cycling exercise is combined with electrical stimulation over an extended period. Twenty-nine healthy young men were divided into an HCE group (n = 14) and a volitional cycle ergometer (VCE alone) group (n = 15). All subjects performed 30-minute cycling exercise interval training sessions 3 times a week for 6 weeks. The V̇o
2peak of both groups significantly increased compared with the pretraining period (HCE group: from 31.3 ± 4.4 [ml·kg−1·min−1] pretraining to 37.6 ± 6.7 [ml·kg−1·min−1] post-training [p = 0.0024] and VCE group: from 34.0 ± 7.1 [ml·kg−1·min−1] pretraining to 38.4 ± 8.2 [ml·kg−1·min−1] [p = 0.0057]). After the training, there was no significant difference of changes in V̇o
2peak between the HCE and the VCE groups (p = 0.7107). In the VCE group, the maximal isokinetic torque of knee extension (60°·s−1) post-training did not significantly increase compared with the pretraining period (VCE group: from 2.4 ± 0.5 [N·m·kg−1] pretraining to 2.5 ± 0.4 [N·m·kg−1] [p = 0.4543]). By contrast, in the HCE group, the maximal isokinetic torque of knee extension (60°·s−1) post-training significantly increased compared with pretraining period (HCE group: from 2.5 ± 0.3 [N·m·kg−1] pretraining to 2.8 ± 0.3 [N·m·kg−1] [p < 0.0001]). The change in knee extension torque was significantly greater for the HCE group than for the VCE group (p = 0.0307). In conclusion, cardiopulmonary function and knee extension strength were improved by the use of HCE.
Structure, Activity and Function of a Singing CPG Interneuron Controlling Cricket Species-Specific Acoustic Signaling
Authors: Jacob Pedro F. , Hedwig Berthold
Published: November 2018

The evolution of species-specific song patterns is a driving force in the speciation of acoustic communicating insects. It must be closely linked to adaptations of the neuronal network controlling the underlying singing motor activity. What are the cellular and network properties that allow generating different songs? In five cricket species, we analyzed the structure and activity of the identified abdominal ascending opener interneuron, a homologous key component of the singing central pattern generator. The structure of the interneuron, based on the position of the cell body, ascending axon, dendritic arborization pattern, and dye coupling, is highly similar across species. The neuron's spike activity shows a tight coupling to the singing motor activity. In all species, current injection into the interneuron drives artificial song patterns, highlighting the key functional role of this neuron. However, the pattern of the membrane depolarization during singing, the fine dendritic and axonal ramifications, and the number of dye-coupled neurons indicate species-specific adaptations of the neuronal network that might be closely linked to the evolution of species-specific singing.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTA fundamental question in evolutionary neuroscience is how species-specific behaviors arise in closely related species. We demonstrate behavioral, neurophysiological, and morphological evidence for homology of one key identified interneuron of the singing central pattern generator in five cricket species. Across-species differences of this interneuron are also observed, which might be important to the generation of the species-specific song patterns. This work offers a comprehensive and detailed comparative analysis addressing the neuronal basis of species-specific behavior.
The Effectiveness of Basic Physics Experiment Module Based on Guided Inquiry Model in Improving Hard Skills and Soft Skills of Prospective Physics Teachers
Authors: Suprianto S. , Kholida S. I. , Andi H. J. , Mahardika I. K.
Published: November 2018

The purpose of this research is to identify the effectiveness of the first basic physics practice module based on guided inquiry on improving students’ hard skills and soft skills. The experimental design is "One Group Pretest-Pottest Control Groups Design". The samples of the research are the students who take the first basic physics practice. Data analysis techniques were effect size and gain score. Based on the result of the research, it was found that the improvement of hard skills and soft skills of the students reached 0.49 and 0.61 which was categorized as moderate. For effect size obtained data of 2.65 and 3.61 for hard skills and soft skills are categorized very high. It can be concluded that the effectiveness of the use of the first basic physics practice module based on guided inquiry is very significant to improve hard skills and soft skills of the students.Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengidentifikasi keefektifan penggunaan panduan praktikum fisika dasar 1 berbasis guided inquiry terhadap peningkatan hard skills dan soft skills mahasiswa. Desain eksperimen yang digunakan adalah One Group Pretest-Postest Control Groups Design. Sampel penelitian adalah mahasiswa yang menempuh praktikum fisika dasar 1. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan adalah effect size dan gain score. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian diperoleh peningkatan hard skills dan soft skills mahasiswa mencapai 0.49 dan 0.61 yang berkategori sedang. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan panduan praktikum fisika dasar 1 dapat meningkatkan hard skills dan soft skills mahasiswa. Untuk uji effect size diperoleh data sebesar 2.65 dan 3.61 untuk hard skills dan soft skills yang berkategori tinggi. Dari hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa kefektivitas penggunaan modul panduan praktikum fisika dasar 1 berbasis guided inquiry sangat efektif untuk meningkatkan hard skills dan soft skills mahasiswa.
Pre-service Physics Teachers’ Knowledge, Decision Making, and Self-system Toward Energy Conservation
Authors: Yusup M. , Setiawan A. , Rustaman N.Y. , Kaniawati I.
Published: November 2018

Along with the increase of world’s energy need in one hand and of the impact of its uses in the other hand, conservation is indispensable. This paper describes pre-service physics teachers’ knowledge about energy conservation, how they use their knowledge to make energy-related decisions, and how their self-system toward energy conservation. The data presented here are from selected items of a field test of instrument intended to measure energy literacy that involved 123 pre-service physics teachers from three state universities in Indonesia. They are one state university in South Sumatera and two state universities in West Java. Data from this survey study were analyzed qualitatively. Results showed that pre-service physics teachers were still lack of knowledge and knowledge utilization to make energy-related decision. However, they showed a tendency to engage in energy conservation efforts.Seiring meningkatnya kebutuhan energi dunia di satu sisi dan dampak penggunaannya di sisi lain, konservasi menjadi sangat penting. Artikel ini menggambarkan pengetahuan mahasiswa calon guru fisika tentang konservasi energi, bagaimana mereka menggunakan pengetahuan tersebut untuk mengambil keputusan, dan bagaimana self-system mereka terkait konservasi energi. Data diperoleh dari uji lapangan terhadap instrumen yang ditujukan untuk mengukur literasi energi yang melibatkan 123 mahasiswa calon guru fisika dari tiga perguruan tinggi negeri di Indonesia. Ketiga universitas negeri tersebut adalah satu berada di Sumatera Selatan, dan dua berada di Jawa Barat. Data dari penelitan survey ini dianalisis secara kualitatif. Hasil analisis menunjukkan mahasiswa calon guru fisika kurang dalam pengetahuan dan penggunaan pengetahuan untuk membuat keputusan terkait energi. Namun demikian, mereka menunjukkan kecenderungan untuk terlibat dalam upaya konservasi energi.
Designing and Developing Rechargeable Aluminium-Ion Battery using Graphite Coated Activated Charcoal Corncob as Cathode Material
Authors: Fitriah F. , Doyan A. , Susilawati S. , Wahyuni S.
Published: November 2018

One of the renewable energy storage systems that can be used today is the aluminum ion battery. In this study, aluminum foil was used as anode, polyetylene polyprophylene (PE/PP) as separator, electrolyte from AlCl3/[EMIm]Cl and graphite coated corncob, an activated charcoal, as cathode. Coating method of cathode materials was done by mixing both graphite and activated charcoal with varied composition 1:0.5, 1:1, 1:1.5, and 1:3. The coating process began by mixing the graphite and corncob with ethanol as a solvent for six hours, then heating in an oven at 80 °C for three days, gradual drying in a furnace at 350 °C for five hours and sintering at 600 °C for six hours. From this research, SEM results showed that carbon particles were evenly distributed, with spherical particles. The spherical shape was the main requirement of carbon formation in order to produce high energy. Based on the results, battery potential was 2.54 V with average of optimal capacity at a ratio of graphite and corncob activated charcoal 1:1.5 was 83.067 mAh/g. The highest efficiency was also at a ratio of 1:1.5 of 97.20%, because at this ratio, there was an increasing in percentage of element C 91.74%, greater than the percentage of element C on the other three cathode samples.Salah satu sistem penyimpan energi terbarukan yang bisa digunakan saat ini adalah baterai ion aluminium. Pada penelitian ini digunakan aluminium foil sebagai anoda, polyetylene polyprophylene (PE/PP) sebagai separator, elektrolit menggunakan AlCl3/[EMIm]Cl dan grafit terlapisi arang aktif tongkol jagung sebagai bahan katoda. Metode pelapisan bahan katoda dilakukan dengan mencampurkan grafit dan arang aktif dengan variasi komposisi 1:0,5, 1:1,1:1,5 dan 1:3. Proses pelapisan diawali dengan pencampuran grafit dan arang aktif tongkol jagung dengan ethanol sebagai pelarut selama enam jam kemudian pemanasan di oven pada suhu 80oC selama tiga hari, pengeringan bertahap di furnace pada suhu 350oC selama lima jam dan sintering pada suhu 600oC selama enam jam. Dari penelitian ini didapatkan hasil SEM menunjukkan bahwa partikel karbon terdistribusi merata, dengan bentuk partikel bulat (sphare).Sampelberbentuk bulat atau sphere merupakan syarat utama pembentukan karbon supaya dapat menghasilkan energi tinggi. Berdasarkan hasil uji baterai diperoleh potensial sebesar 2,54 Volt dengan rata-rata kapasitas optimal terjadi pada rasio grafit dan arang aktif tongkol jagung 1:1,5 sebesar 83,067 mAh/g. Efisiensi tertinggi juga terjadi pada rasio 1:1,5 sebesar 97,20%. Hal ini karena pada rasio 1:1,5 terjadi peningkatan persentase unsur C yakni 91.74% lebih besar dari persentase unsur C pada tiga sampel katoda yang lainnya.
Seismic Hazard and Microzonation Study of Tanjung Region, North Lombok (Indonesia) using Microtremor Measurement
Authors: Syamsuddin S. , Ashari I. , Adhi M. A.
Published: November 2018

Tanjung Region is one of the severely damaged areas by the Lombok earthquake on June 22, 2013. Therefore, to anticipate the similar events, it is necessary to perform microzonation in this region. Objective of this study is to map the distribution of the physical quantities related to the vulnerability of area included the frequency characteristics, amplification factor, and soil vulnerability index. The results showed that the value of the resonant frequency in this region ranged from 0.401 to 16.92 Hz. In general, the lower frequency was 0.40 to 5.91 Hz contained 87 data (71%) were located in the north of the region, which meant that that area has a high vulnerability. While based on the H/V amplitude and vulnerability index, the zone that suffered severe damage on the earthquake of June 22, 2013, showed a different uncertainty of amplification and vulnerability index value.Wilayah Tanjung adalah salah satu daerah yang mengalami rusak parah akibat gempa Lombok pada tanggal 22 Juni 2013. Oleh karena itu, untuk mengantisipasi kejadian serupa, maka perlu untuk melakukan mikrozonasi di daerah tersebut. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk memetakan distribusi besaran fisis yang terkait dengan kerentanan suatu daerah terhadap gempa bumi yang meliputi frekuensi respon, amplitudo getaran tanah dan indeks kerentanan tanah. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa nilai frekuensi resonansi di wilayah ini berkisar antara 0,401-16,92 Hz. Secara umum, frekuensi respon di daerah ini rendah yaitu 0,40-5,91 Hz dengan jumlah 87 data (71%) yang terletak di utara dari wilayah tersebut, yang berarti bahwa bagian utara wilayah memiliki kerentanan yang tinggi. Meskipun berdasarkan nilai amplitudo H/V dan indeks kerentanan, daerah yang mengalami kerusakan parah saat gempa 22 Juni 2013 menunjukkan pola amplifikasi dan indeks kerentanan yang sangat tidak biasa.
Educational Series in Congenital Heart Disease: The sequential segmental approach to assessment
Authors: Bellsham-Revell Hannah , Masani Navroz
Published: November 2018

Sequential segmental analysis allows clear description of the cardiac structure in a logical fashion without assumptions and confusing nomenclature. Each segment is analysed, and then the connections described followed by any associated anomalies. For the echocardiographer there are several key features of the cardiac structures to help differentiate and accurately describe them.
Optical properties of CdS/CdTe heterojunction prepared by physical vapor deposition technique
Authors: Nykyruy L.` , Yaremiichuk O. , Zapukhlyak Z. , Yavorskyi R. , Potera P. , Malyarska I. , Fedoryk O.
Published: November 2018

The paper presents the study of the optical properties of a thin layer of Cadmium Sulphide deposited on Cadmium Telluride films. CdTe thin films were obtained by vapor phase condensation method using different technological factors, in particular, different thickness (different time of deposition τ) on glass substrates. After deposition the optical properties were analysed by Swanepoel method, using transmission spectra. The upper thin layer of CdS was deposited by thermal evaporation method on CdTe thin films. The change in optical properties of CdS/CdTe heterojunction in comparison with CdTe thin films was investigated. Using a Swanepoel method were calculated the main optical constants, such as refractive index, absorption coefficient and optical conductivity. By this method the thickness of the thin film was determined and compared with the experimental values obtained by the profilometer.
A set of important kinetic properties of crystals and their general statistical calculations
Authors: Budzhak Y. S.
Published: November 2018

In non-equilibrium thermodynamics, the generalized equations of electric conductivity and heat conductivity are well known. They describe the response of the conductive medium to the effect of the drift fields in it and the magnetic field. These equations include phenomenological tensors and coefficients that determine the whole set of important kinetic properties of conducting crystals. Therefore, in order to find out the nature of crystal properties, it is necessary to clarify the nature of the set of kinetic tensors and the coefficients included in the general equilibrium of electrical conductivity and thermal conductivity. In this article, we will calculate the whole complex of these important quantities for isotropic crystals by statistical physics methods for general conditions of observation. And show the effect of spatial quantization on kinetic properties in 2D and 1D crystals.
Improving the Technology Synthesis and Properties of Biodiesel
Authors: Ribun V. , Kurta S. , Gromovy T. , Khatsevich O.
Published: November 2018

Existing technologies for the synthesis of active additives to motor fuels are quite complicated. Therefore,improvement of the technology of biodiesel fuel synthesis in order to increase the cetane number and andimprovement of other diesel fuel characteristics with combustion activators is an urgent problem. Raw materialsfor the biodiesel production are vegetable oils methanol and ethanol with the alkaline or acid catalyst usage. Theuse of ethyl esters of long-chain fatty acids of rapeseed oil as biodiesel has a number of advantages comparedwith the methyl ester use [2]. Thus, biodiesel fuel was synthesized by transesterification of rapeseed oil withabsolute ethanol (99.9 %), which was dehydrated with calcium oxide (95 %) freshly prepared, using sodiumethoxide as a catalyst [3]. In order to achieve a high degree of mixing of a heterogeneous system, which consistsof natural oil and ethyl alcohol, a specially synthesized non-ionic emulsifier was used as a reagent. Thetechnological features of this type of a rapeseed oil transesterification process were studied and the maincharacteristics of the new diesel fuels such as fractional composition and molecular mass were estimated usingthe chromatographic method and mass spectrometry. The yield of biodiesel from rapeseed oil increases from 85 -90 % to 95 – 98 % without waste fraction of glycerol (10 – 15 %).
The G-rich Repeats in FMR1 and C9orf72 Loci Are Hotspots for Local Unpairing of DNA
Authors: Abu Diab Manar , Mor-Shaked Hagar , Cohen Eliora , Cohen-Hadad Yaara , Ram Oren , Epsztejn-Litman Silvina , Eiges Rachel
Published: November 2018

Pathological mutations involving noncoding microsatellite repeats are typically located near promoters in CpG islands and are coupled with extensive repeat instability when sufficiently long. What causes these regions to be prone to repeat instability is not fully understood. There is a general consensus that instability results from the induction of unusual structures in the DNA by the repeats as a consequence of mispairing between complementary strands. In addition, there is some evidence that repeat instability is mediated by RNA transcription through the formation of three-stranded nucleic structures composed of persistent DNA:RNA hybrids, concomitant with single-strand DNA displacements (R-loops). Using human embryonic stem cells with wild-type and repeat expanded alleles in the FMR1 (CGGs) and C9orf72 (GGGGCCs) genes, we show that these loci constitute preferential sites (hotspots) for DNA unpairing. When R-loops are formed, DNA unpairing is more extensive, and is coupled with the interruptions of double-strand structures by the nontranscribing (G-rich) DNA strand. These interruptions are likely to reflect unusual structures in the DNA that drive repeat instability when the G-rich repeats considerably expand. Further, we demonstrate that when the CGGs in FMR1 are hyper-methylated and transcriptionally inactive, local DNA unpairing is abolished. Our study thus takes one more step toward the identification of dynamic, unconventional DNA structures across the G-rich repeats at FMR1 and C9orf72 disease-associated loci.
Fibrin-blood clot as an initial stage of formation of bone regeneration after a bone fracture
Authors: Popsuishapka O. K. , Ashukina N. O. , Litvishko V. O. , Grigorjev V. V. , Pidgaiska O. O. , Popsuishapka К. О.
Published: November 2018

This study focuses on mechanisms which regulate the process of fracture healing. We studied the form and position of the fibrin-blood clots (FBC) in the zone near the fragments among patients with limb fractures: macroscopically (during open surgical operations to reposition bone fragments) and using sonography. We conducted a histological and immuno-histochemical analysis of biopsy material obtained from the zone around the fracture during surgical procedures on 16 patients in 1–18 days after the fracture. We determined that the density of FBC and their form depends on the volume of damage to the periosteum-muscular fascia and the extent of the shift of fragments. In most cases, with a closed fracture, fibrin-blood clots had a spindle-shaped form. Fibrin along the periphery and in the zone between the fragments has a dense structure, and becomes cellular in central zones. The cells surrounded by fibrin partitions contain blood cells and serum. In many places, fibrin partitions had a one-direction orientation position, and the cells were oval-elongated, which indicated hydrostatic pressure in them. Proliferation of mesenchymal cells began in the vital tissues around the FBC, then during reproduction they pentrated to fibrin. Lengthwise axis of the cells was parallel to fibrin partitions. The bone trabeculae which form on the third week after fracture repeated the orientation of the fibrin partitions. It was determined that the vascular endothelial growth factor (VGEF) concentrates in fibrin and remains in it over the first week after the fracture, later it was found in endotheliocytes, fibroblasts and osteoblasts. The process of filling of the cells with around-fracture FBC lasted 12–18 days and during this period, their osteogenic differentiation occurred. Such tempi and orientation of the process is caused by fibrin with a concentration of growth factors in it. Using the results of the study, it could be assumed that the main conditions for osteogenic differentiation of cells are high concentration of VGEF in the fibrin, which initiates neoangiogenesis and internal tension of fibrin partitions. The formation of structured FBC around the ends of the fragments, which contain VGEF should be considered an initial stage of the process of forming of bone regeneration.
Comparative analysis of incidence of leptospirosis among farm animals and humans in Ukraine
Authors: Ukhovskyi V. V. , Vydayko N. B. , Aliekseieva G. B. , Bezymennyi M. V. , Polupan I. M. , Kolesnikova I. P.
Published: November 2018

Leptospirosis remains one of the most widespread natural-focal, zoonotic infectious diseases in the world and in Ukraine. Leptospirosis is enzootic in the entire territory of Ukraine. Cases of diseases are registered in all regions of Ukraine. We initiated a study of comparative analysis of territorial distribution of leptospirosis outbreaks among animals and incidence in humans in Ukraine covering the years 2009–2016 inclusive. This study of the incidence of leptospirosis in Ukraine shows a significant circulation of leptospirosis both among humans and animals. Among cattle herds in Ukraine the percentage of positive animals was found to be 4.2% of the surveyed population. The dominant serovars of Leptospira were kabura (12.4%) and polonica (9.5%). Positive reactions with other serovars were observed less frequently: tarassovi – 5.1%, bratislava – 4.9%, copenhageni – 4.1%, grippotyphosa – 2.4%, pomona – 1.1%, canicola – 1.0%. In pigs, the percentage of positive animals amounted to 3.2%, the dominant serovars of Leptospira were bratislava (29.1%) and copenhageni (25.1%). Positive reactions with other serovars were observed less frequently: tarassovi – 4.3%, canicola – 3.0%, pomona – 2.7%, grippotyphosa – 1.3%, polonica – 1.2%, kabura – 0.6%. In horses, the percentage of positive animals amounted to 9.5% of the surveyed population. The serological range of Leptospira in horses was as follows: copenhageni – 14.2%, bratislava – 12.1%, canicola – 6.8%, grippotyphosa – 4.8%, tarassovi – 4.7%, pomona – 2.1%, kabura – 1.4%, polonica – 1.3%. Analysis of the results of research indicates extensive circulation of leptospirosis among humans in Ukraine as evidenced by the percentage of humans positively responding to MAT – 12.1% of the studied samples. The etiological structure of leptospirosis cases includes all the 14 serovars of the diagnostic set. The basis of the etiological spectrum was the serovar copenhageni – 37.3%. The share of other serovars as the etiological factor of leptospirosis in humans was different in different spans of the considered period. Most frequently, those were kabura – 12.3%, grippotyphosa – 11.7%, canicola – 9.5%, pomona – 9.1%. We mapped annual incidence of leptospirosis in animals and humans. Choropleth maps of annual leptospirosis incidence and cluster maps show opposite spatial patterns for animals and humans. The highest human rates were in the western and central parts of the country while the highest animal rates were mainly in the eastern part.
Gyulladásos bélbetegségben szenvedő gyermekek kezelésének átadása felnőttszakrendelésre. 10 éves tapasztalataink összegzése
Authors: Szántó Kata , Szűcs Dániel , Vass Noémi , Várkonyi Ágnes , Bálint Anita , Bor Renáta , Fábián Anna , Milassin Ágnes , Rutka Mariann , Szepes Zoltán , Nagy Ferenc , Molnár Tamás , Farkas Klaudia
Published: November 2018

Abstract:

Introduction: Transfer is a planned movement of patients and their medical records from one provider to another. Only a few data are available from real life in inflammatory bowel disease patients in this topic. Aim: Our aim was to retrospectively evaluate the results of the transfer of our patients without longitudinal transition. Method: Data of the transferred patients at the University of Szeged were analysed. Patients were diagnosed in paediatric care. Transfer strategy at our departments was detailed medical summary. Results: 59 patients were enrolled in this study. 28.8% of the patients had mild to moderate disease activity and 71.2% was in remission at the time of transfer. Steroid therapy was initiated in 58% of the patients within an average of 9.1 months after the transfer. Anti-tumor necrosis factor therapy was given to 24% of the patients during the paediatric care and to an additional 23% in the adult care within an average of 28 months. Almost 70% of the patients received immunosuppressive therapy during paediatric and adult care. Surgery was required in 17% of the patients within an average 10.7 months after the transfer. Conclusion: Our results revealed that one-third of the paediatric patients have been transferred to adult care in active stage of disease. Shortly after the transfer 58% of the patients required corticosteroids and 17% surgery. Every fifth patient needed biological therapy to be initiated after the transfer. Longitudinal transition may have a potential to decrease the need for therapeutic change and the relatively high rate of surgery. Orv Hetil. 2018; 159(44): 1789–1793.
A nemszteroid gyulladáscsökkentő gyógyszerek kiválasztásának szempontjai a biztonságosság tükrében
Authors: Szamosi Szilvia
Published: November 2018

Abstract:

Nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs are the most commonly used painkillers. Both analgetic and antiinflammatory effects of these medications are important in the treatment of rheumatic diseases. Despite their well-recognized efficacy, professional societies recommend using nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs with caution, balancing the various potential gastrointestinal, cardiovascular and renal adverse events. Clinicians should consider advanced age and history of concomitant diseases even in younger patients when considering treatment choice. As our Hungarian society is aging, prescribers must be aware of the basic pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics of nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs as well as drug interactions and potential adverse effects should be taken into consideration when using them according to the latest professional guidelines. Orv Hetil. 2018; 159(44): 1783–1788.
If You Build It, Will They Come? An Analysis of Candidate Attitudes Toward A New Residency Program
Authors: Barajaz Michelle , Denniston Sarah , Kumar Shelley , Wolfe Adam
Published: November 2018

This article was migrated. The article was marked as recommended. Background: To address looming healthcare workforce shortages, the Association of American Medical Colleges (AAMC) has recommended a substantial increase in residency positions. However, new residency programs face unique recruitment challenges. Objective: To identify new program characteristics and recruitment practices that most influence candidate-ranking decisions. Methods: In a post-match survey, applicants who interviewed during the first two recruitment seasons of a new program were asked to rate program characteristics and recruitment techniques regarding the effects they had on ranking decisions, and to describe the most attractive and concerning features. Somers' D directional coefficients were calculated to determine the correlation between applicants' ranking of the program and ranking of survey items. Qualitative responses were analyzed as word clouds. Results: 163/349 surveys were returned (47%). The strongest correlating items included the opportunities to work closely with faculty, to help shape a new program, and to be one of the first graduates. Influential recruitment practices included program communications and website vividness. Concerns included lack of senior residents, fear of unforeseen difficulties, and no evidence of outcomes. Conclusion: New programs have unique features that influence candidates' ranking decisions. Recruitment practices should be designed to identify candidates who embrace the unique opportunities of a new program.
EVAPOTRANSPIRAÇÃO E COEFICIENTE DE CULTIVO DO FEIJÃO-CAUPI NO VALE DO GURGUÉIA, PIAUÍ
Authors: Bastos Edson Alves , Ferreira Valber Mendes , Silva Cláudio Ricardo da , Andrade Júnior Aderson Soares de
Published: November 2018

EVAPOTRANSPIRAÇÃO E COEFICIENTE DE CULTIVO DO FEIJÃO-CAUPI NO VALE DO GURGUÉIA, PIAUÍ  Edson Alves Bastos1;Valber Mendes Ferreira2; Cláudio Ricardo da Silva2; Aderson Soares de Andrade Júnior11 Embrapa Meio-Norte, edson@cpamn.embrapa.br2 Universidade Federal do Piauí  1 RESUMO A determinação dos valores do coeficiente de cultivo (Kc), durante o ciclo de desenvolvimento, é fundamental para se obter as necessidades hídricas de uma cultura. O presente trabalho teve por objetivo determinar a evapotranspiração e o Kc do feijão-caupi (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp.), variedade BR-17 Gurguéia, durante os diferentes estádios de desenvolvimento, utilizando um lisímetro de pesagem eletrônico. O experimento foi conduzido no município de Alvorada do Gurguéia, localizado no Vale do Gurguéia, PI, durante o período de agosto a outubro de 2005. A evapotranspiração de referência foi estimada pelo método de Penman-Monteith com base nos dados meteorológicos obtidos por uma estação agrometeorológica automática. Os resultados mostraram que a ETc foi de 288,5 mm para todo o ciclo da cultura, correspondente a um valor médio de 4,1 mm dia-1. O estádio fenológico de maior demanda hídrica foi o reprodutivo, com 5,4 mm dia-1 e os valores de Kc foram de: 0,8, no estádio inicial;0,8 a 1,1, no estádio de crescimento;1,1 a 1,4 no estádio reprodutivo e de1,4 a 0,3 no estádio final. UNITERMOS: Lisímetro de pesagem, manejo de irrigação, consumo hídrico, Kc, Vigna unguiculata.  BASTOS, E.B.; FERREIRA, V.M.; SILVA, C. R. da; ANDRADE JÚNIOR, A.S. de. COWPEA EVAPOTRANSPIRATION AND CROP COEFFICIENT  IN THEGURGUEIAVALLEY,PIAUI STATE,BRAZIL  2 ABSTRACT The determination of crop coefficient (Kc) values is essential to obtain crop water demand throughout its development stage. The present work aimed to determine cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp. BR-17 Gurgueia variety) crop evapotranspiration (ETc) and Kc values during the crop development, using an electronic weighing lysimeter. The experiment was carried out in Alvorada do Gurgueia, located in theGurgueiaValley. The reference evapotranspiration (ETo) was estimated by Penman-Monteith method with climatic data obtained from an automatic weather station installed in the area. The results showed that the ETc was288.5 mm for the entire culture cycle, corresponding to4.1 mm day ˉ¹. The highest water demand occurred at the reproductive phonological stage (an average of5.4 mm day ˉ¹). Kc values were: 0.8 at the initial stage, 0.8 to 1.1 at the crop development stage, 1.1 to 1.4 at the reproductive stage and 1.4 to 0.3 at the end of the cycle.KEY WORDS: weighing lysimeter, irrigation management, water consumption, Kc, Vigna unguiculata.
DINÂMICA DO ENTUPIMENTO DE GOTEJADORES EM FUNÇÃO DA APLICAÇÃO DE CARBONATO DE POTÁSSIO
Authors: Medeiros Pedro Róbinson Fernandes de , Coelho Rubens Duarte , Barros Allan Cunha , Melo Ralini Ferreira de
Published: November 2018

DINÂMICA DO ENTUPIMENTO DE GOTEJADORES EM FUNÇÃO DA APLICAÇÃO DE CARBONATO DE POTÁSSIO  Pedro Róbinson Fernandes de Medeiros; Rubens Duarte Coelho; Allan Cunha Barros; Ralini Ferreira de MeloDepartamento de Engenharia Rural, Escola Superior de Agricultura Luiz de Queiroz, Universidade de São Paulo, Piracicaba, SP,  prfmede@esalq.usp.br  1 RESUMO             O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a dinâmica do entupimento de gotejadores em função da aplicação de carbonato de potássio e posterior aplicação de ácido nítrico na água de irrigação. O ensaio foi conduzido em bancada no laboratório de Hidráulica da ESALQ, utilizando 26 tipos de tubogotejadores diferentes, submetendo-os a diferentes concentrações (200, 300 e 400ppm) de carbonato de potássio via água de irrigação, com um tempo de 360h de irrigação. Os resultados mostraram que ocorreu uma significativa obstrução parcial e gradual para o modelo T1, se comparado com os outros modelos ensaiados. Os valores de vazão relativa em média obtiveram um coeficiente de variação de 7,91% no geral. E concluindo, o tratamento com ácido nítrico não foi satisfatório, devendo-se estudar uma melhor adequação do manejo deste produto. UNITERMOS: Vazão media, obstrução química, ácido nítrico  MEDEIROS, P. R. F. de; COELHO, R. D.; BARROS, A. C.; MELO, R. F. de.DRIPPER CLOGGING DUE TO POTASSIUM CARBONATE APPLICATION  2 ABSTRACT             The objective of this experiment was to evaluate the clogging dynamics due to potassium carbonate application after nitric acid application in water irrigation. The test was performed in benches in the Hydraulics laboratory at ESALQ-USP, using 26 different types of drip lines and three different concentrations of potassium carbonate (200, 300 and 400 ppm) in irrigation water.  Irrigation time was 360 h. The results showed that a significant partial and gradual clogging in model T1 occurred when compared to other studied models. Relative flow values presented a variation coefficient of 7.91% in general, and the treatment with nitric acid was not satisfactory. New research should be carried out for this product better management. KEY WORDS: average outflow, chemical clogging, nitric acid.