bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Association Between Different Risk Factors And Stroke At Emergency Department In Neuro Science Hospital
Authors: Abd Muataz Fairooz
Published: December 2020

Background: Stroke is an acute neurologic injury and represents the 2nd leading cause of mortality worldwide, and also the most leading cause of acquired disability and morbidity in adults.

Objective: Effect and association between stroke and risk factors.

Type of the study: A retrospective study.

Methods: The study conducted on 312 patients in 2016, all data were collected from patients’ files from the emergency unit, which included basic demographic and disease characteristic, co morbid diseases, risk factors, final diagnosis.

Results: both previous stroke, ischemic heart disease was strong predictor of new stroke ,and hypertension was major risk factor that associated with new stroke (odd ratio= 13.034, 2.659and 5.684respectively), no significant correlation between sex and stroke in the collected sample despite that female had slightly higher rate of stroke than male, patients with age above 70 years carry the highest risk to present with stroke.

Conclusion: The rate of stroke in Iraqi patients still significantly associated with advance age, two major predictor of stroke are associated with stroke previous stroke and ischemic heart disease and hypertension was the major risk factor correlated with new onset stroke, and prevention programs must be implemented on them especially hypertension since it is modifiable risk factor 

Background: Stroke is an acute neurologic injury and represents the 2nd leading cause of mortality worldwide, and also the most leading cause of acquired disability and morbidity in adults.

Objective: Effect and association between stroke and risk factors.

Type of the study: A retrospective study.

Methods: The study conducted on 312 patients in 2016, all data were collected from patients’ files from the emergency unit, which included basic demographic and disease characteristic, co morbid diseases, risk factors, final diagnosis.

Results: both previous stroke, ischemic heart disease was strong predictor of new stroke ,and hypertension was major risk factor that associated with new stroke (odd ratio= 13.034, 2.659and 5.684respectively), no significant correlation between sex and stroke in the collected sample despite that female had slightly higher rate of stroke than male, patients with age above 70 years carry the highest risk to present with stroke.

Conclusion: The rate of stroke in Iraqi patients still significantly associated with advance age, two major predictor of stroke are associated with stroke previous stroke and ischemic heart disease and hypertension was the major risk factor correlated with new onset stroke, and prevention programs must be implemented on them especially hypertension since it is modifiable risk factor
Non Traumatic Acute Abdominal pain (100 days study in Emergency Department)
Authors: Atiyah Taqi Saadoon
Published: December 2020

Background: Abdominal symptoms are possibly the most frequent of all symptoms encountered in surgical practice.  Pain is the most common of all abdominal symptoms.  Causes of acute abdominal pain include both medical and surgical. Most symptoms arise from intra-abdominal organs or systems while some may originate extra abdominally and are then referred to the abdomen. Medical causes of abdominal pain are encountered more frequently.

Objective: To study the causes of acute abdominal pain in patients attending emergency department in Al- Imamain Al- Kadhimain Medical City.

Type of the study: A prospective cross sectional study

Methods: The patients attending Emergency Department in Al- Imamain Al- Kadhimain Medical City over the period from April-2014 to April 2016. There was a one day call duty per week managed by the same surgical team (total one hundred days study). Onlypatients above 12 years old with acute non-traumatic abdominal pain were included in this study.

Results: The total number was 1217 patients over hundred days study. Their age ranges from 12-83 years; average age was 36.18 ±17 year. There was slight female predominance, 638 (52.42%) female patients and 579 (47.58%) male patients.  The most common cause of abdominal pain was acute appendicitis 252 (20.70%), followed by ureteric colic 251 (20.62%), and acute cholecystitis249 (20.46%). Conservative management was done for 836 (68.69%) patients, while operative management done for 379 (31.14%) patients.  Postoperative mortality was 8 (2.11%) patients.Medical causes of acute abdominal pain were found in 48 (5.74%) patients.

Conclusion: Not all the patients attending surgical emergency department needs operations. Causes of acute abdominal pain include both medical and surgical diseases, some of the medical diseases are very serious like acute viral hepatitis, myocardial infarction , and diabetic ketoacidosis; and should not submit those patients to unnecessary operations with serious and may be fatal postoperative complications. General urine examination is a must in all patients with acute abdominal pain. Electrocardiography (ECG) may be needed in old patients.
Clinical Significance of Blastocystis Sp. among Children with Leukemia
Authors: Khalil Zainab Khalid
Published: December 2020

Background: Blastocystis spp. distributes world widely and the genus Blastocystis include many subtypes that are isolated from human intestinal tract. It is considered the most common parasite detected in human being.

Objectives: To evaluate the incidence of Blastocystis spp. among leukemic children, to find out its association with the presence of symptoms (diarrhea and abdominal pain), and to assess the efficacy of different staining methods in detection of Blastocystis spp. 

Type of the study: cross-sectional study.

Method: 103 children were enrolled in this study, 53 leukemic patients and 50 healthy controls. The study was performed during the period between January and June 2014, in Oncology department of Ibn Al-Atheer teaching hospital in Mosul city. Three consecutive samples were taken from each child and a thorough history was taken from them. The samples then treated with 3 stains, iodine, iron hematoxylin, and trichrome.The data was analyzed using minitab version 17, Fischer’s exact test, Two-proportions test, and Correlation test. The results were considered statistically significant with P-value <0.05.

Results: Blastocystis spp. was detected in 18.87% of leukemic children and in 10% of healthy group. All specimens were stained by iodine, iron hematoxylin, and trichrome stains. Infection rates among patients were (9.4%, 11.3%, and 18.87% respectively) while among healthy children they were (4%, 6%, and 10% respectively). However, these differences were statistically nonsignificant. A higher infection rate was detected in the preschool children (33.3%) than school age group (6.9%). Furthermore, there was a significant association between Blastocystisspp. infection and intestinal symptoms (abdominal pain and diarrhea).

Conclusion: Our study reveals a higher rate of infection with Blastocystis spp. among leukemic children than normal controls and a significant association was seen between incidence ofBlastocystisspp. infection and symptomatic children.    Those results draw attention for the significance of Blastocystis spp. infection in immunosuppressed patients and lighten the way for further studies on its pathogenicity and diagnostic methods.
Seroprevalence of Immunoglobulin G (IgG) and Immunoglobulin M (IgM) and Risk Factors of Toxoplasmosis for A sample of Pregnant Women in Baghdad
Authors: Abdul Mohammed Al-Rawazq Huda Sahib
Published: December 2020

Background: Toxoplasmosis is a very common infection caused by the obligate intracellular protozoan parasite. This parasite is called Toxoplasma gondii widely distributed around the world . Toxoplasma gondii can be vertically transmitted to the fetus during pregnancy and may cause wide range of clinical manifestations in the offspring.

Objective: To determine seroprevalence Immunoglobulin G (IgG) and Immunoglobulin M  (IgM ) to toxoplasma gondii among pregnant women and to identify the risk factors.

Type of the study: A cross-sectional study.

Methods: A total of 110 blood samples of pregnant women were collected from private laboratory for Dr. luay Ibrahim to Pathogenesis Analyses in Baghdad Al-Mansour- 14 Ramadan  street . Which obtained during the period from 1st March 2016 till the 30th June 2016. Data was collected by using direct interviewing questionnaire sheet concerning their ages of pregnant women between (less than 20 to more than 40 years old), place of residence ( urban, rural), level of education (illiteracy, literacy), number of pervious abortion (one, two, three or more), contact with ( cat and other domestic animal or no animal in house). The diagnosis is based on IgG and IgM antibodies of Toxoplasma gondii were measured using a commercial Kit ( Cobas Toxo IgG, Toxo IgM) according to the Roche Diagnostic manufacturer's instructions. Each blood was analyzed for the presence of Toxoplasma gondii by identifying serum IgG and IgM antibodies using Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA).

Results: A total of 110 pregnant women were enrolled and screened for the presence of anti- toxoplasma IgG and IgM antibodies. The seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii IgG and IgM antibodies result revealed that 40 (63.4 %) of 110 pregnant women were positive for anti-toxoplasma-antibody IgG and 70 (63.6 %) of 110 were negative for anti-toxoplasma-antibody-IgG while revealed that 16 (13.6 %) of 110 pregnant women were positive for anti-toxoplasma-antibody IgM and 94 (86.4 %) of 110 were negative for anti-toxoplasma-antibody IgM.

Conclusions: the present study shows that anti-Toxoplasma IgG Ab are higher than anti-Toxoplasma IgM Ab in pregnant women between the age group 20 to 30 years in literacy educational level and rural area also recorded the highest rates of seropositivity among women with only one previously abortion in contact with cats are more affected.
Prevalence of H pylori in obese attending Obesity therapy Unit
Authors: Hana Mumtaz K
Published: December 2020

Background: Obesity is an increasing health problem in developed countries and has grown into a major global epidemic. Recent studies suggested colonization of the stomach by Hpylori might affect gastric expression of appetite- and satiety-related hormone and patients cured of H pylori infection gained weight. Obesity and Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) are important because of the problems they lead and their frequency of occurrence.

Objectives: To find out the prevalence of H. pylori infection in obese.

Type of the study:A cross-sectional study

Methods: A total of 32 obese female admitted to the study. Body mass indices (BMI) of all subjects were calculated   H. pylori positivity were studied.

Results: The age range of   the obese   was (20-59)    and the BMI (was 25-55     kg/m²). 26 obese (81.25%) were H pylori positive, and all obese above 45 were H pylori positive.

Conclusions:  Obesity and h pylori are closely associated and the prevalence of h pylori increased with obesity. We consider that H. pylori infection    can be a risk factor for obesity and   almost all obese patients above 45 years were sero positive. However, further studies evaluating more subjects are required. And we need to do national survey about h pylori prevalence in our community
Modification of Combined Vibrated Power Assisted Liposuction with Periareolar Gland Excision in management of Gynecomastia
Authors: Qradaghi Kurdo Akram
Published: December 2020

Background: The recognized procedures that have been used to treat gynecomastia are said to have relatively a long operative time, less patient satisfaction rate, they are merely used, in mild to moderate gynecomastia, leaves a mild bulging over the nipple areola complex, resulting in aesthetically unsatisfactory results. The more the grade of gynecomastia, the more complicated the used surgical techniques. This study evaluates the success rate of these simplest surgical technique in higher grades of gynecomastia.

Objectives: to present the experiences with use of Modification of Combined Vibrated Power Assisted Liposuction with Periareolar Gland Excision in management of in different type Gynecomastia

Type of the study: This is a retrospective study

Methods: The study  includes the use of a modification of combine vibrated power-assisted liposuction with periareolar gland excision applied for managing different types of gynecomastia. In 23 consecutive patients (46 breasts) treated between February of 2011 and March of 2016.

Results: 23 patients (46 breasts) were successfully treated using this technique. Volume aspirated in both breast was 792 ml (range, 450 to 1600 ml). Using the periareolar excision technique, the mean operative time was 55 minutes (range, 45 to 90 minute). Complications were minimal (1.5 % per breasts), and no revisions were required.

Conclusions: The modified Combined vibrated power assisted liposuction and the periareolartechnique have demonstrated to be a less time consuming versatileapproach, for the treatment of gynecomastia and consistently produces a smoothcontoured male breast, it is promising method to achieve good aesthetic results in gynecomastia surgerywhile resulting in an inconspicuous scar.
Life style modification in the management of hypertension in a sample of hypertensive patients attending Primary Health Care centers at Baghdad city
Authors: Thabit Maral F
Published: December 2020

Background: Modifications of life style are often critically important to adequately control excising hypertension.

Objective: :to determine the source of information regarding hypertension and lifestyle modification practices in the management of hypertension in a sample of Iraqi hypertensive patients.

Type of the study: Across-sectional study.:

Methods:  The study was conducted over a period of two months during November and December 2015 at Primary Health Care center of Baghdad Al-GidedaAwaland Bab Al Mudhum primary health care centers. The sample included 219 hypertensive patients (102 females and 117males).  They were subjected to a structured questionnaire consist of socio-demographic characteristics, duration of disease and source of information and different questions related to life style modification practices in the management of hypertension, also all participants were subjected to height and weight and blood pressure measurement. Data analysis by using SPSS programme vertion18.Frequeny, percentage for each question responses was calculated  andpercent score was measured  .

Results:The main source of information regarding lifestyle modifications was the health workers (37.8%). The included patients were in the 5th decade, mean duration of disease was 5.55±5.12year, with mean systolic/diastolic blood pressure 142.6/ 89.3mmHg, obese with mean BMI 32.14±5.19 kg/m2.The dietary and drug intakelifestyle modification practices of patients were with higherpercent score (90% , 88% and 84%) regarding decrease alcohol intake  ,intake of healthy oils,stop smoking and intake of fresh fruits and vegetablesrespectively while the lower percent score56% for intake of folic acid . 

Conclusions: The lifestyle modification practices regarding body fitness was highest 82% for enough rest while for regular physical exercise was 68%.
Infectious Causes of Diarrhea Among Neutropenic Children
Authors: Khalil Zainab Khalid
Published: December 2020

Background: Intestinal infections are frequently occur among children with cancer who receive chemotherapy. On the other hand, diarrhea is especially common and severe among cancer patients that develop neutropenia, either due to the disease itself or due to the intensive chemotherapy. There are many causes of diarrhea among those patients, but intestinal infections still an important etiology among them.

Objectives: to study the frequency of diarrhea among neutropenic children, with its infectious etiologies, especially the bacterial, fungal and parasitic causes.

Type of the study:Cross-sectional study.

Methods: the study was done in the Oncology Department of Nanakali Hospital for Haematological diseases and malignanciesin Erbil City, on pediatric age group. One hundred six children with cancer were followed up during the period between January – May 2017, of them only 50 patients who full fill the criteria of being (neutropenic, diarrheic, and age < 14 years), and those were regarded as the study group, compared to 20 patients who had the same criteria (diarrheic, and age < 14 years) but notneutropenic.They were investigated for the infectious causes of diarrhea especially bacterial, parasitic, and fungal agents. Data were analyzed statistically using SPSS program and Correlation test was also used. The results were regarded significant with p < 0.05.

Results: A total of 70 diarrheal episodes in 106 cancer children were detected, 50 of them were neutropenic while 20 were not. Intestinal infections were detected in 62% of the 1st group and in 45% of the 2nd one, while the causes in the remaining cases of diarrhea (38%) cannot be identified. Bacterial pathogens were the main agents that causes diarrhea followed by fungi then parasites with an infectious rates of (28%, 20%, and 14% respectively).

Conclusions: Diarrhea commonly developed among cancer children with neutropenia. Bacteria are the most incriminated pathogens followed by Candida and parasites. This study noticed the presence of other etiologies for diarrhea beside infectious causes that should be considered and investigated in the future researches and during management of diarrhea in those patients.
Peers Pressure And Families Smoking Habit Influence On Smoking Behavior among male Students attending Secondary Schools At second Al- Kurkh education Directorate /Baghdad.
Authors: Humadi Abbas Fadhal
Published: December 2020

Background:  There is a strong desire of adolescent to have a peer group and to be appreciated and also to become a member of this group which can affect one each other. There for; encourage, adapting,and imitating of friends and group consider as the main reasons behind starting of smoking among youngsters. Smoking habits in the family were found tobe acause of smoking pressure among adolescentas peer pressure. Smoking habit may be started before 18 years of age in most adult smokers.

Objectives: To study the effect of peer pressure and family smoking habiton the prevalence of smoking among secondary school students.

Type of the study:  A cross sectional study .

Methods: the study done with cluster sampling method; was conducted between 1st of March to 30th of May 2016. By clustering schools and randomly 7 schools were selected;3secondary schools, 3 intermediate schools and 1 professional secondary school these schools were from second Al- Kurkh education directorate /Baghdad.A total of (1993)boy students were included. An anonymous self-completion questionnaire was used..The questionnaire was  essure and family smoking habiton the smoking status of students.

Results: The results of the study showed an increasing prevalence of smoking habits among students both forcigarette23.6% -41.4%, and shisha4.1% - 38.8%by increasing the class grade, and also by existing smoking parents(cigarette30.1%,and shisha 32.7%). The prevalence of nonsmoking habit among students decreases by increase smoking family members (63.4% -3.9 %).

Conclusion: The effects of peer pressure and family smoking habit were obvious among students with statistically highly significant association. Education and awareness for anti-tobacco programs should be adopted in the curriculum of all secondary schools.

Keywords: peer pressure, family smoking habit, cigarette, shisha, secondary schools, students.
Evaluation of bactericidal and anti-biofilm activities of silver nanoparticles against multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacilli isolated from burn wound infections
Authors: Nasser Issam Jumaa
Published: December 2020

Background: The emergence and spread of multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacilliin burn wound infections related to biofilm formation, which lend to challenge in treatment with conventional antibiotics andprompting to search for novel antimicrobial agents to control the infections.Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have wide spectrum biological properties with different mechanisms of action and less toxicity towards human cells.

Objective:The goal of this study was to evaluated the anti-bacterial and anti-biofilm activities of AgNPs alone and in combination with aminoglycoside (Amikacin) and β-lactam (Ampicillin) antibiotics against multidrug resistant Gram-negative bacilli (Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, klebsiellapneumoniae) isolated from burn wound infections. Type of the study: Cross –sectional study.

Methods: 70   clinical isolates of GNBtested for susceptibility tests by disk diffusion method against 10 antibiotics. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of AgNPs and antibiotics were carried out according to the standard broth microdilution method, while synergistic interactions were evaluated by time kill-kinetic assays.  Calgary method was applied for anti-biofilm activity.

Results:Pseudomonas aeruginosa represented the majority of GNBisolated from burn wound infections 34 (48.5 %)followed by Klebsiella pneumonia 21 (30 %) and Escherichia coli 15 (21.5 %). Silver nanoparticles showed remarkable antibacterial activity against GNB that isolated from burn wound infections with the MICs between 25- 75 µg/ml.  Aztreonam, amikacin and cefepime were the most effective antimicrobial drugagainst GNB isolates.Synergistic bactericidal effects were observed in two-drug combinations of AgNPswith broad-spectrum aminoglycoside (Amikacin) and β-lactam (Ampicillin) antibiotics against multidrug resistant GNB. In addition,AgNPsalone or in combination with ampicillin inhibited biofilm activity about 60 % – 75 % ofGNB,while combination of AgNPs withamikacin exhibited a powerful anti-biofilm activity and inhibition biofilm formation by 75% to 80%.

Conclusion: The results confirmed a synergistic bactericidal effects and significant enhancing of anti-biofilm activity of AgNPs in combination with antibiotics (amikacin and ampicillin) against multidrug resistant GNB isolated from burn wound infections. These data suggest that AgNPs could beapplied as nanodrug for treatment of burn wound infections
The Effectiveness of Calcaneal Drilling for Treatment of Resistance Cases of Plantar Heel Pain
Authors: Al-Edanni Mohammed SH.
Published: December 2020

Background: Plantar heel pain is a clinical syndrome characterized by pain and tenderness beneath the heel which is typically worse in the morning and improves after the first few steps in the day. It is a common and frequently disabling clinical complaint that may be caused by a broad spectrum of osseous or soft tissue disorders.

Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of an operation of multiple drilling of calcaneum for resistant plantar heel pain syndrome.

Methods: During the period from November 2012 to August 2016, 17 patients (17heels) were enrolled in a cohort clinical study at the orthopedic unit in AL-Sheikh Zayed and Al-Wassity Hospitals.

 Result: Drilling of the calcaneum is a simple procedure achieving 70.6% cure in resistant ases with few complications provided good patient selection was done.

Conclusion: Abnormalities in the intraosseous pressure within the calcaneum are a possible cause of plantar heel pain in some patients who failed to respond to conservative treatment
Knowledge and Attitudes Regarding Health Education among Sample of Iraqi Patients Attending Primary Health Care Centers
Authors: Alkhazrajy Lujain A.
Published: December 2020

Background: Health education was put as one of the components of primary health care elements and was recognized as a fundamental tool to the attainment of health for all

Objective: To evaluate the Knowledge, attitude regarding health education & to find out if there is any association between the gathered data and certain variables (age, gender, educational level, occupation). Methods: A Cross-sectional study done at Al Mustansyryia Primary Health Care Center from the 1st of January to 1st of May 2016. All patients attending the Primary Health Care Centers who were above 18 years of age and willing to participate in the research (303) were included in the sample, data was collected by structured questionnaire, & then introduced into Statistical Package for the Social Sciences,V.17 for statistical analysis. Chi-square test was computed for significance of difference, and P < 0.05 was considered significant

Results: The highest group of age was (18-30) years old, (51.5%) were male, (35.3%) of participants are of high school education. The participants had good knowledge about health education. There was a significant association regarding knowledge, with ages and educational levels of participants, with no association regarding the gender and occupation. There was no association regarding attitude with these variables. Most of the of participants showed positive attitudes about health education as a practice

Conclusion: The participants had good knowledge about health education, and positive attitude.
Indications of Intravitreal Injection of Bevacizumab in a sample of Iraqi patients
Authors: Hussein Zaid R.
Published: December 2020

Background: Anti-vascular endothelial growth factors commonly used intravitreally for treatment of variable retinal disease worldwide, which help to regulate the upregulation of vascular endothelial growth factors due to ischemia or/and other retinal insult.

Objective: To review all cases of intravitreal bevacizumab given in the retinal unit of the Eye Specialty Private Hospital in Iraq from December 2015 to June 2016, pointing out the common indications.

Methods: A retrospective study including all cases of intravitreal injections of bevacizumab recorded at the Eye Specialty Private Hospital from December 2015 to June 2016 were retrieved. Age, sex, laterality, diagnosis and the indication for injection were recorded in the data sheet prepared for the study.. The indications for intravitreal injection of bevacizumab are classified into four groups: Group 1: Intravitreal injection for diabetic complications. Group 2: Intravitreal injection for retinal vein occlusion. Group 3: Intravitreal injection for choroidal neovascul-arization Group 4: Intravitreal injection for other retinal disease.

Results: A total of 306 patients underwent intravitreal injection of bevacizumab were enrolled in the study period. The most common indication was group 1 (intravitreal injection for diabetic complications [213 patients (69.6%)] followed by group 3 (choroidal neovascularization) [45 patients (14.7%)] and then group 2 (intravitreal injection for retinal vein occlusion) [42 patients (13.7%)] and lastly group 4 (intravitreal injection for other retinal disease) represent [6 patients (1.96%)].

 Conclusion The most common indication for intravitreal bevacizumab was diabetic retino-pathy that need more care for early diagnosis and treatment of diabetic retinopathy and good screening programs to avoid complications.
Pleomorphic Adenoma of the upper lip
Authors: Karam Nasar karam
Published: December 2020

The pleomorphic adenoma is a benign salivary gland tumor, presenting usually in the parotid gland. This case report describes an unusual case of 29 years old female with a single, nodular swelling evident in the upper lip which was diagnosed as pleomorphic adenoma of the minor salivary glands in the upper lip .The lesion measured 1.0 x 1.0 cm in size for 2 years duration cause depression of labial cortical bone apical to lateral and canine teeth. It is characterized by slow growth. Complete excision was performed and the histopathological analysis supported by immunohistochemistry showed pleomorphic adenoma .It did not recur 18 months after operation.
Assessment of stromal eosinophilia in cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Abu deka Farah Falah Hassan
Published: December 2020

Background: Tumor associated tissue eosinophilia (TATE) has been described in a variety of neoplasms. In regard to squamous cell carcinoma, some studies worldwide done to assess stromal eosinophilia in oral and cervical squamous cell carcinoma. The objectives of this study is to evaluate the association of stromal eosinophilic infiltration of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma and to detect the significance of this association.

Aim of the study

The aim of our study is to establish the relationship between the degree of stromal eosinophilia and the level of invasion and the histological grade in cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma.

Methods: In this retrospective study done at the histopathology department of al Wasity teaching hospital for orthopedic and plastic surgery in Baghdad, all paraffin embedded blocks for excisional biopsies diagnosed as   primary cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma from December 2015 to January 2017 were retrieved. Incisional biopsies and those with margin positive tumor cells were excluded. After a   careful evaluation  for histological grading and assessment of level of invasion  according to an established histological criteria , the assessment of tissue eosinophils was done by three pathologist through counting  eosinophils in tumor stroma in  10 high power field using  a light microscope  and categorized as none (0,),low (1-4),medium (5-19)and high (more than 20).

Results : of 56 cases of primary cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma 48(85.7%) cases were conventional .The  mean age was  43.14 ± 1.76  .Regarding conventional squamous cell carcinoma ,of 48 cases 30(62.5)  were well differentiated,16(33.3%) had clarck level III,18(37.5%) had clarck level IV and 14(29.1%) had Clark level V .There is a significant statistical relationship between histological grading of tissue eosinophilia and level of invasion  with p value 0.044 and a non-significant relationship with degree of differentiation.

Conclusion :The majority of cutaneous squamous cell carcinomas were conventional well differentiated   with a mean age   in the fifth decade of life ,a male predominance and  often had a degree of stromal eosinophilia that is strongly associated with the level of invasion .Thus more Intense tissue eosinophilia is correlated with a higher level of stromal  invasion. The significance of such an association should be regarded as either a potential predictive tool for stromal invasion in small incisional biopsy or as a prognostic indicator that could be included in the pathology report for conventional squamous cell carcinoma
Effect of laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy on blood sugar and blood pressure
Authors: Al-Basri Rida J.
Published: December 2020

Background: Surgery is one and may be the most effective method to treat obesity. In the last decade, Laparoscopic Sleeve Gastrectomy is perceived to be less invasive, technically simple, less morbid and more popular form of bariatric surgery.

Objectives: This study aims to assess the effect of Laparoscopic Sleeve Gastrectomy on Fasting Blood Glucose Levels and Blood Pressure.

 Methods: A prospective controlled study in which 50 obese patients were involved, 36 of patients have hypertension and type 2 diabetes mellitus , 7 patients have type 2 diabetes mellitus only, and 7 patients don’t have hypertension or type 2 diabetes. All patients were submitted to Laparoscopic Sleeve Gastrectomy at Al-Kindy Teaching Hospital between October 2014 and October 2016.

Results: Forty five of patients were females, while five were males . Mean age was 34 years, mean height 159 cm mean pre Laparoscopic Sleeve Gastrectomy weight was 121kg. Mean post- Laparoscopic Sleeve Gastrectomy weight was 82kg. Mean weight loss outcome at 1 year follow-up is 32.23% of total body weight. . Preoperative initial mean value of fasting blood glucose was 157.4 mg/dL and the declining occurred at 12 months after Laparoscopic Sleeve Gastrectomy was 97 mg/dL . The hypertension remission rates 1 year after Laparoscopic Sleeve Gastrectomy ranges up to 54% of total number of patients and 75% of those with Hypertension.

Conclusions: Laparoscopic Sleeve Gastrectomy has an effect in improving Fasting Blood Glucose Levels and Blood Pressure.
Diabetic Patients Knowledge and Practice Regarding Annual Visual Checking
Authors: Mukhaiseer Maha Hussein
Published: December 2020

Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a significant cause of visual impairment; many diabetics do not have regular eye examinations, although it is known that early diagnosis and reduces the risk of blindness. There were many barriers that prevent diabetics from attending eye clinics.

Objectives: To assess knowledge, and practice about ocular complications among diabetic patients and to determine barriers preventing the diabetic patients annual visual checking

Methods: A cross-sectional study involving the interview was conducted among 300 diabetic patients attending out patient in Ibn Al Haitham Teaching Ophthalmology Hospital between November 2017 and June 2018.

Results: The vast majority of patients (95%) believe that; diabetes could affect their eyes. 67% have their eyes checked up after being diagnosed with diabetes, of which only 33% they examined their eyes if vision got poor. Majority of patients believe that; controlling their blood sugar levels can help preserve their vision (84%).  72% of the total has good knowledge of DM effect on the eye. 55% of patients obtained their knowledge from the doctor and only 2% having obtained this knowledge from Television. Unfortunately only 3% of them check their vision annually 37 % they don’t know treatments available for diabetic retinopathy.

Conclusion: Diabetic patients’ knowledge of ocular manifestations and the practice of diabetic patients towards eye examination were low, thus required to improve practice towards eye care to prevent visual impairment.
Demonstration of the value of diffusion weighted MR imaging for differentiation of benign from malignant breast lesions
Authors: Al-Ani Ahlam J Kalaf
Published: December 2020

Background: Radiologic evaluation of breast lesions is being achieved through several imaging modalities. Mammography has an established role in breast cancer screening and diagnosis. Still however, it shows some limitations particulary in dense breast.

Methods : Magnetic resonance imaging is an attractive tool for the diagnosis of breast tumors1 and the use of magnetic resonance imaging of the breast is rapidly increasing as this technique becomes more widely available.1 As an adjunct to mammography and ultrasound, MRI can be a valuable addition to the work-up of a breast abnormality. MRI has the advantages of providing a three-dimensional view of the breast, performing with high sensitivity in dense breast tissue and using non-ionizing radiation.2

Results : Recent advances in MRI have shown the potential in bridging the gap between sensitivity and specificity. Methods based on differences in physiological, cellular and biochemical characteristics of malignant, benign and normal tissues were developed to monitor changes in diffusion. Among these techniques is diffusion- weighted MRI (DWI).3

Diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging detects Brownian motion of water protons, thus reflecting the biologic character of tissue. The apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) is used to quantify the Brownian motion4-5

Conclusion :The use of DWI for breast tumors has recently been considered in clinical application, and many studies have shown lower ADC values for breast cancer compared to normal breast tissue or benign tumors 3.
Irritable Bowel Syndrome: The Most Common Presentation, Severity Ranking and Therapeutic Regimens among Patients Attending Outpatient
Authors: Al-Attar Zaid I.
Published: December 2020

Background: Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is one of the most common GI disorders in people under 50 years of age.Objective: To Formulate an overview about demographics of IBS and patterns of presentation, to determine IBS patients severity ranking, and to recognize the main regimens with their patient satisfaction.Methods: This is a cross sectional clinical study that is conducted in Outpatient Consultant Internal Medicine Clinic in Al-Kindy Teaching Hospital from 11/12/2017 to 24/12/2017. The patients suffering from IBS are diagnosed by a consultant according to the symptom-based Rome criteria for functional GI disorders, by implementing a questionnaire collecting thorough information. 77 cases of IBS patients were collected (24 male and 53 female).Results: This study revealed that majority of patients were female (68.8%). Most of the patients were married, employees and housewives, aged between (20-30 yrs). Most patients use anxiolytics, muscle relaxants and proton pump inhibitor. There is a high IBS prevalence among low educational level (high school graduates and non-school graduates).Most patients in our study had constipation.Aggravating factors Psychological factors (stress) are intrinsically associated with IBS and symptoms in a large percentage of patients.Antispasmodics usage in our study show high effectiveness for IBS patients especially those with crampy abdominal pain and diarrhea.Conclusions: Diagnosing and managing IBS can be a big challenge since many drugs used to reduce symptoms and severity, but also, they could be unnecessary medication that could aggravate bowel symptoms and have adverse effects on the long term.
Morbidity and Mortality Pattern of Neonates Admitted to Neonatal Care Unit.Central Teaching Pediatric Hospital Baghdad
Authors: Ibrahim Riyadh M
Published: December 2020

Background; Neonatal period is a very vulnerable period of life due to many problems, In spite of advances in perinatal and neonatal care still, the mortality rate of neonate high especially in developing country The World Health Organization estimates that globally four million neonatal deaths per year, Developing countries account for around 99% of the neonatal mortality in the world, In Iraq. Neonatal mortality rate about 19 per 1000 live births which represent 56% of child death below 5 years age in 2012. .Objectives The aims of the study were to determine the institutional new-born case fatality rate and the cause of admission and death in the neonatal care unit.Method; Across-section study was carried out of the Neonatal Care Unit of Central Teaching Hospital of Pediatric in Baghdad Al-krakh Health DirectorateResult; During 2015, 1977 neonates were admitted, Mortality rate was 9%, Four main causes of death were identified; Respiratory related condition, Bacterial sepsis, premature neonate (Disorder related to short gestational and low birth weight not relayed to elsewhere classification) and congenital malformation 37.5%, 33.3%, 7.1% and 7.1% respectively , The main causes of morbidity were Neonatal jaundice, Respiratory related condition, Bacterial sepsis 37.5%, 35.2%. 14.1% respectively Conclusions: The majority of neonatal morbidity and mortality can be prevented by appropriate interventions
Comparison between the Use of bupivacaine 0.5%alone and bupivacaine 0.5% with nefopam 20mg in sciatic n block ( popliteal approach) and femoral n block in patients undergoing below knee surgery
Authors: Khaleel Khaled Ali
Published: December 2020

Objective : Sciatic nerve block (popliteal approach) and femoral N block is a new technique other than general anesthesia in below knee surgery because it provides adequate muscle relaxation, with good intraoperative and post-operative analgesia. Nefopam is non opioid, non-respiratory depressant and non-sedative was mixed with local anesthetics drug to study the effects. This study was done to compare the onset and duration of sensory and onset time and duration of action of motor block following administration of either bupivacaine alone with administration of bupivacaine and Nefopam in patients undergoing below knee lower limb surgeries under ultrasound guided regional anesthesia.Methods: 100 patients with American society of anesthesiologists (ASA) 2 / 3/4 patients between 25 and 85 years who underwent elective and emergency lower limb surgeries randomly allocated into two group, each group has 50 patients by a sealed envelope technique to receive 20 ml of 0.5% Bupivacaine with 2 ml of normal saline in Group BS and 20 ml of 0.5% Bupivacaine with 2ml (20mg) of Nefopam in the second group (Group BN). The onset time, duration time of both sensory and motor blocking were seen and compared between the two groups.Results : The onset time of both sensory and motor blockade was shorter in Group BN (bupivacaine with nefopam) when compared to Group BS (bupivacaine and normal saline) (p<0.0001). The duration of both sensory and motor blockade was longer in Group BN when compared to Group BS (p<0.0001). There were no significant hemodynamic changes (PR, BP,SPO2) in both groups. Also there is no any side effect or any complication.Conclusion Nefopam when mixed with Bupivacaine in Sciatic nerve block and femoral nerve block in below knee surgeries shortens the onset time and prolongs the duration of action of both sensory and motor blockade without any systemic side effects and give excellent intra and postoperative analgesia.
RAPTOR CODE BASED SECURE STORAGE IN CLOUD COMPUTING
Authors: MYTHILI R. , PRADHEEBA P. , RAJESHWARI P. , PADHMAVATHI S.
Published: December 2020

The end of this decade is marked by a paradigm shift of the industrial information technology towards a pay-peruse service business model known as cloud computing. Cloud data storage redefines the security issues targeted on customer’s outsourced data. To ensure the correctness of users’ data in the cloud, we propose an effective and flexible distributed scheme with two salient features, opposing to its predecessors. By utilizing the homomorphic token with distributed verification of raptor coded data, our scheme achieves the integration of storage correctness insurance and data error localization, i.e., the identification of misbehaving server(s).Using this new scheme it further support security and dynamic operations on data block. Our result shows that, our proposed model provides a secure storage for data in cloud.
AN EFFICIENT BLOCK MATCHING ALGORITHM FOR FAST MOTION ESTIMATION USING COMBINED THREE STEP SEARCH AND DIAMOND SEARCH ALGORITHM
Authors: CHHOTRAY SANTOSH KU. , KANNOUJIA DHEERAJ , JHA SAMIR KU
Published: December 2020

Recent day Communication between ends is facilitated by the development in the area of wired and wireless networks. So many researches are going on the field of motion estimation to achieve the requirement of recent day technology. Block matching algorithms are very useful in achieving the efficient and acceptable motion estimation. Total computation cost and bit budgeting can be efficiently controlled by properly modifying block matching algorithms. Video coding using Orthogonal Logarithmic Search Algorithm (OSA) is one of the best block matching algorithms used now days. Motion estimation is the most time consuming operation in a typical video encoder. This paper presents a novel method by combining modified three step (M3SS) algorithm with a different search pattern and diamond search (DS) based on dead cell for the block based motion estimation. Result shows that from the original Three step Search (3SS/TSS ) method, the PSNR value has increased and the computations time has been reduced effectively by modified 3SS and again to increase the search space we combined diamond search(DS) algorithm. The experimental results based on different video frames were compared to demonstrate the advantages of proposed fast motion estimation algorithm.
When Ghanaian Traditional Songs become Modern: Cultural Replication of the Traditional Responsible Woman in the Modern Gold Digger Woman
Authors: ARHTUR PETER , GBLOLO SANKA CONFIDENCE
Published: December 2020

The fluidity of the text allows a mode of textual constitution by the user. Through an ethnographic research and a performance/literary analysis, this paper, interrogates the Akan patriarchal power construction which takes advantage of the fluidity of text. The paper investigates this cultural phenomenon by examining the replication of the traditional “bragorͻ” song texts in modern popular highlife and hiplife song texts. The Akan patriarchal community constructs power by manipulating the codes in the original “bragorͻ” song text and that this manipulation is possible because the copy of the original “bragorͻ” text develops ideological shift through a process of meaning change, a change that is closely related to Akan gender power relations. The Akan patriarchal community therefore uses the fluidity of the text as a resource to maintain power over the woman. A very interesting aspect pertaining to this development is that this power manipulation disguises itself in modern popular songs which are normally not taken serious by the Ghanaian intelligentsia. And so, though very compelling this power construction may be, it manages to stay away from both academic and public discourses and thus grows bigger and bigger with time without being noticed. The paper recommends that educational planners should seriously add the study of contemporary culture and what it holds for the development of Ghana to both the senior high and tertiary curricula.

Keywords: Fluidity of Text, Ethnographic Research, Akan Patriarchal Community, Power Construction and Modern Gold Digger.
An Examination of Senior High Schools Teacher-Student Conflicts in Ghana
Authors: GYIMAH GODWIN , OSEI BONSU NANA
Published: December 2020

This study sought to examine Senior High Schools Teacher-Student conflicts at Kwahu East Municipality, Ghana. The study adopted a descriptive research design. Data was collected through the use of questionnaires to a sample of 127 students. The findings revealed that some teachers unfair use of punishment, denial of students’ rights and privileges by teachers, lack of interest in teaching on the part of some teachers, and preferential treatment towards some students cause teacher-student conflicts. Also, creative thinking and redefining of purpose were both seen as positive effects of teacher-student conflict. Lastly, the study discovered lessening of the organization’s effectiveness, weakening teacher-students’ relationships, and outright hostile or property damage as major effects of conflict. The study recommends that, teachers should not be too strict or deny students’ rights and privileges. Moreover, teachers should be friendly, fair and firm in discharging their duties when implementing educational policy, in terms of discipline.

Keywords: Teacher-Student Conflict, Causes, Effects, Implications, Ghana.