bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Specific Features of Phase Formation and Properties of Compounds La2W1 + xO6 + 3x (x ~ 0; 0.11–0.22)
Authors: Shlyakhtina A. V. , Lyskov N. V. , Kolbanev I. V. , Vorob’eva G. A. , Shchegolikhin A. N. , Voronkova V. I.
Published: April 2024

The hexagonal solid solution La2W1 + xO6 + 3x (x ~ 0.11) and the orthorhombic low-temperature phase β-La2WO6 (La2W1 + xO6 + 3x (x = 0)) are synthesized by the methods of preliminary mechanical activation of oxides followed by high-temperature synthesis at 1400°С, 4 h. In addition, by using the method of crystallization from solution, a single crystal of the La2W1 + xO6 + 3x (x ~ 0.22) composition isostructural to La2W1 + xO6 + 3x (x ~ 0.11) is grown. Both ceramics and the single crystal are studied by the methods of Raman spectroscopy, thermal analysis, and thermogravimetry. Their conductivity is studied by impedance spectroscopy in dry and humid air. The hexagonal single crystal La2W1 + xO6 + 3x (x ~ 0.22) demonstrates strong luminescence in the IR region, in contrast to the hexagonal ceramics La2W1 + xO6 + 3x (x ~ 0.11) and the β-La2WO6 ceramics with the orthorhombic structure. The polycrystalline La2W1 + xO6 + 3x (x ~ 0.11) ceramics is found to be more stable under redox conditions as compared with the single crystal. The conductivity of the hexagonal single crystal La2W1 + xO6 + 3x (x ~ 0.22) is of the oxygen-ionic nature and lower than the conductivity of ceramics La2W1 + xO6 + 3x (x ~ 0.11) due to its perfect structure. The contribution of the protonic component of conductivity is absent for both the hexagonal solid solution La2W1 + xO6 + 3x (x ~ 0.11) and the single crystal La2W1 + xO6 + 3x (x ~ 0.22), their conductivity being of the purely ionic nature with the close values of activation energy (0.89 and 1.08 eV, respectively). The synthesized β-La2WO6 ceramics demonstrates a small contribution of the protonic conductivity in humid air equal to ~1 × 10–6 S/cm at 600°С, which is close to the conductivity of the earlier studied strontium-doped solid solution La1.96Sr0.04WO6 – δ based on β-La2WO6.
Effect of Current Density on Specific Characteristics of Negative Electrodes for Lithium-Ion Batteries Based on Heat-Treated Petroleum Coke
Authors: Kuzmina E. V. , Chudova N. V. , Kolosnitsyn V. S.
Published: April 2024

The results of comparative studies of the effect of current density on the average discharge voltage and specific discharge capacity of carbon electrodes based on heat-treated petroleum coke and graphite are presented. The carbon obtained by heat treatment of petroleum coke is shown to have better kinetic characteristics than graphite. The increase in the current density from 0.2 mA/cm2 (36 mA/g) to 2 mA/cm2 (364 mA/g) leads to a decrease in the discharge capacity of heat-treated petroleum coke by 26%; graphite, by 93%. When the current density is restored to 0.2 mA/cm2, the discharge capacity of carbon electrodes is also restored to its initial value. The increase in the current density is also shown to lead to increase in the average discharge voltage of lithium–carbon cells. Thus, with the increase in current density from 0.2 to 2 mA/cm2, the average discharge voltage of the lithium–carbon cells with the electrode active component of the heat-treated petroleum coke increased from 0.39 to 0.62 V; that of graphite, from 0.14 to 0.35 V.
Sulfonated Anthraquinone-Based Ionic Complexes as a Promising Organic Negolyte for Redox-Flow Batteries
Authors: Petrov M. M. , Chikin D. V. , Kryuchkov A. D. , Abunaeva L. Z. , Antipov A. E. , Scorb E. V.
Published: April 2024

Due to its high solubility and fast kinetics of redox reactions, anthraquinone-2,7-disulfonic acid is a promising electroactive molecule for redox-flow-battery electrolytes and other energy applications. However, its widespread use is currently limited, primarily due to its tendency to chemical side-reactions and the formation of quinhydrone complexes between the molecule’s different redox-forms. The possibility of overcoming these shortcomings by using a simple anthraquinone-2,7-disulfonic acid functionalization with the poly(diallyldimethylammonium) polycation is studied. The ionic complexes are shown to be formed in this mixture, which leads to the suppression of the quinhydrone compound formation. At the same time, the poly(diallyldimethylammonium)/anthraquinone-2,7-disulfonic acid mixtures retain their redox activity and can be used as a negolyte in anthraquinone–bromine redox flow batteries, while all key characteristics of such a battery are comparable with those of anthraquinone–bromine redox flow batteries which used anthraquinone-2,7-disulfonic acid without any additives. The poly(diallyldimethylammonium)/anthraquinone- 2,7‑disulfonic acid-based battery (0.1 M anthraquinone-2,7-disulfonic acid) has the power density of 105 and 65 mW/cm2 for the battery state-of-charge values 100% and 50%, respectively; the energy efficiency for five charging–discharging cycles, 57.4%. In the future, the composition of the poly(diallyldimethylammonium)/anthraquinone-2,7-disulfonic acid ionic complexes can be optimized, in order to maintain good kinetics and solubility of anthraquinone-2,7-disulfonic acid and at the same time reduce the intensity of chemical side-reactions, including quinhydrone-complexes formation.
The Effect of Structure of Porous Components of Electrochemical Devices on Their Characteristics (A Review)
Authors: Volfkovich Yu. M.
Published: April 2024

Literature concerning the principal problems is analyzed. Basic characteristics of porous structures and methods of their determination are described, in particular, the pore distribution in radii, full porosity, the specific surface area, hydrophilic–hydrophobic properties. The effect of porous structure on the electrochemical characteristics of the following devices is discussed: lithium-ion and lithium-oxygen batteries, fuel cells with proton-exchange membrane, supercapacitors, electrodialyzers, and devices for water capacitive deionization (desalination).
Corrosion of Low-Carbon Steel in a Flow of Phosphoric Acid Solution Containing Iron(III) Phosphate
Authors: Avdeev Ya. G. , Panova A. V. , Andreeva T. E.
Published: April 2024

Theoretical aspects of low-carbon steel corrosion in H3PO4 solutions containing FePO4 are considered. In the system under study, reactions of iron with the acid solution and Fe(III) salt are thermodynamically allowed. The oxidizing power of this medium, characterized by the Fe(III)/Fe(II) couple redox potential, is mainly determined by its anionic composition. Phosphate anions of a corrosive medium bind Fe(III) cations into complex compounds, reducing their oxidizing ability. In H3PO4 solutions containing FePO4 and Fe3(PO4)2, the dependence of the system’s redox potential on the Fe(III) and Fe(II) cation relative content is poorly described by the Nernst equation, which is due to the nonequivalent complex formation of these cations with phosphate anions. Analysis of the effect of the studied media convection on the low-carbon steel electrode reactions allowed revealing some of their features. In a FePO4-containing H3PO4 solution, kinetically controlled partial reactions of iron anodic ionization and H+ cathodic reduction, as well as diffusion-controlled Fe(III) cation cathodic reduction, occur on the steel. The FePO4 accelerating effect on the steel corrosion in H3PO4 solution is due only to the Fe(III) reduction but does not affect the H+ reduction and the iron ionization. The value of the Fe(III)-cation diffusion coefficient in the studied corrosive medium was experimentally determined from the data of cyclic voltammetry of the Pt electrode therein and the results of the studying of the cathodic reaction of a steel disk electrode at different rotation velocities. The data on the low-carbon steel corrosion in the flow of the studied media, obtained from the metal samples mass loss, are in full agreement with the results of the study of the electrode partial reactions. An accelerating effect of FePO4 on the steel corrosion in H3PO4 solutions is observed. In this environment, steel corrosion is determined by the convective factor, which is typical of processes with diffusion control. The empirical dependence of the steel corrosion rate on the medium flow intensity is described by the linear dependence k = kst + λw1/2, where kst is the steel corrosion rate in a static medium, w is the rotation velocity of the propeller stirrer that creates the medium flow, λ is the empirical coefficient.
THERMODYNAMIC INVESTIGATION OF Ag8GeТe6 AND Ag8GeТe6-xSex SOLID SOLUTIONS BY THE EMF METHOD WITH A SOLID Ag+ Conducting Electrolyte
Authors: Amiraslanova A. J. , Mammadova A. T. , Imamalieva S. Z. , Alverdiyev I. J. , Yusibov Yu. A. , Babanly M. B.
Published: April 2024

The thermodynamic properties of Ag8GeTe6 compound and Ag8GeТe6-xSex solid solutions were studied by EMF measurements of the concentration cells concerning to a silver electrode with Ag4RbI5 solid electrolyte in the 300–400 K temperature range. The partial thermodynamic functions of silver in alloys are calculated from the EMF measurements data. Based on the data on solid-phase equilibria in the Ag-Ge-Se-Te system, the potential-forming reactions responsible for these partial molar functions were determined and the standard thermodynamic functions of formation and standard entropies of the Ag8GeТe6 compound and solid solutions of the compositions Ag8GeTe5Se, Ag8GeTe4Se2, Ag8GeTe3Se3, Ag8GeTe2Se4 and Ag8GeTeSe5 were calculated.
ANODIC DISSOLUTION OF Al IN SOLUTIONS OF KOH IN A MIXED SOLVENT ETHANOL/ACETONITRILE.
Authors: Rybalka K. V. , Beketaeva L. A.
Published: April 2024

The effect of Ga and In compounds on the process of anodic dissolution of Al in KOH solutions in a mixed ethanol/acetonitrile solvent has been studied. The influence of the water content in the electrolyte on the electrochemical behavior of the Al electrode is considered. A change in the water content in the electrolyte containing additions of Ga and In compounds from 2 to 4% leads to a twofold increase in the current of anodic dissolution of Al. The galvanostatic discharge curves in an electrolyte containing Ga3+ and In3+ additives exhibit a flat discharge plateau up to a discharge current density of 8 mA/cm2.
Controlling Silicon Etching Parameters in RF CHF3 Plasma by Optical Emission Spectroscopy
Authors: Murin D. B. , Chesnokov I. A. , Pivovarenok S. A. , Efremov A. M.
Published: April 2024

The processes of plasma-chemical and reactive-ion etching of silicon in trifluoromethane (CHF3) are studied using optical emission spectroscopy. The dependences of the radiation intensities of atoms and mol-ecules on the etching time, input power, and pressure of the plasma-forming gas are obtained and analyzed.
Design of integrated voltage multipliers using standard CMOS technologies
Authors: Sinyukin A. S. , Konoplev B. G. , Kovalev A. V.
Published: April 2024

Results of the design of the integrated multistage voltage multipliers as components of supply modules for wireless passive microdevices are presented. Parameters of MOS transistors significant for the multipliers design and presented in three standard CMOS technologies, CM018G 180 nm, HCMOS8D 180 nm and C250G 250 nm, are considered. CAD Cadence simulation results have demonstrated that in the case of eight-stage multiplier implementation using CM018G technology minimum output voltage level requisite for microchip operation is achieved at input amplitude 250 mV and in the case of the similar device implementation using HCMOS8D technology - at 375 mV. Using sixteen-stages multiplier as example it is shown that voltage multiplication efficiency is from 20% to 54% for wide range of the input voltage, and the efficiency decreases only by 1-3% compared to eight-stage implementation. Proposed recommendations for the integrated voltage rectifiers-multipliers design could be applied at development of the passive supply units for microelectronic devices.
Simulation of vertical ballistic quantum-barrier field-effect transistor based on undoped AlxGa1–xAs quantum nanowire
Authors: Pozdnyakov D. V. , Borzdov A. V. , Borzdov V. M.
Published: April 2024

A design-topological solution for a tunnel field-effect transistor of a new type is proposed and the simulation of the transistor is performed. The device is a vertical ballistic field-effect transistor with a cylindrical metallic gate based on a cylindrical undoped AlxGa1–xAs quantum nanowire located in an Al2O3 matrix. For a given geometry of the device structure, the optimum of the fraction of aluminum in the semiconductor composition varying along the transistor channel is found, at which, unlike a conventional tunnel field-effect transistor, not only the complete suppression of the quantum barrier for electrons by a positive gate voltage is ensured, but also the minimum possible electrical resistance of the transistor channel. The current-voltage characteristics of the transistor are calculated within the framework of a rigorous quantum-mechanical description of the electron transport in its channel, taking into account the non-parabolic nature of the band structure of the semiconductor.
Performance calculation for a MEMS switch with «floating» electrode
Authors: Morozov M. O. , Uvarov I. V.
Published: April 2024

Switches fabricated using MEMS technology are considered as a promising element base of radio electronics. The main characteristic of a MEMS switch is the ratio of capacitances in the closed and open states. For conventional devices, this ratio is of several units, but it can be significantly increased by implementing original design solutions. The work is devoted to the switch, which is a combination of capacitive and resistive devices. Its working characteristics are considered depending on the substrate properties and contact resistance. The switch provides a capacitance ratio of 27.7 and 46.1 at sapphire and borosilicate glass substrates, while high-resistivity silicon does not allow the value above 7.4. Isolation and insertion loss are of 14.7-19.4 and 0.8-1.1 dB in the frequency range of 4-10 GHz on a sapphire wafer. Acceptable S-parameters are achieved when the contact resistance is not higher than 1 Ohm
Plasma Parameters and Kinetics of Reactive Ion Etching of SiO2 and Si3N4 in an HBr/Cl2/Ar Mixture
Authors: Efremov A. M. , Betelin V. B. , Kwon K.-H.
Published: April 2024

The parameters of the gas phase and the kinetics of reactive ion etching of SiO2 and Si3N4 under conditions of an induction RF (13.56 MHz) discharge with a varying HBr/Cl2 ratio is studied. The study includes plasma diagnostics using Langmuir probes, plasma modeling to find stationary concentrations of active particles, measuring velocities, and analyzing etching mechanisms in the effective interaction prob-ability approximation. It is found that the substitution of HBr by Cl2 at a constant argon content (a) is accompanied by a noticeable change in the electrical parameters of the plasma; (b) leads to a weak increase in the intensity of ion bombardment of the treated surface; and (c) causes a significant increase in the total concentration and flux density of reactive particles. It is shown that the etching rates of SiO2 and Si3N4 increase monotonically as the proportion of Cl2 increases in a mixture, while the main etching mechanism is an ion-stimulated chemical reaction. The model description of the kinetics of such a reaction in the first approximation assumes (a) the additive contribution of bromine and chlorine atoms and (b) the direct pro-portional dependence of their effective interaction probabilities on the intensity of ion bombardment. The existence of an additional channel of heterogeneous interaction with the participation of HCl molecules is proposed.
Oxide Memristors for ReRAM: Approaches, Characteristics, and Structures
Authors: Isaev A. G. , Permyakova O. O. , Rogozhin A. E.
Published: April 2024

This review focuses on oxide memristors for resistive random access memory (ReRAM). Possi-ble practical implementations of ReRAM and the problem of leakage through neighboring elements in ReRAM are considered. The main types of resistive switching in memristors are briefly described and the main mechanisms of resistive switching are analyzed. The main characteristics of memristors required for ReRAM are also described. Some memristor structures based on oxides of titanium, silicon, tantalum, and hafnium, as well as multilayer oxide structures are analyzed. The current problems in the creation of ReRAM are highlighted.
Cross Sections of Scattering Processes in Electron-Beam Lithography
Authors: Rogozhin A. E. , Sidorov F. A.
Published: April 2024

Modern models that are used to describe the processes of elastic, quasi-elastic, and inelastic scat-tering are considered. For elastic scattering, various forms of the electrostatic interaction potential, the exchange interaction potential, and the correlation-polarization potential are presented. For quasi-elastic processes, including electron-phonon and electron-polaron scattering, a model based on the theory of dielectrics and an empirical model are presented. Inelastic scattering is described based on the energy loss function, which is constructed using three different approaches.
Effect of the Material of Electrodes on Electroformation and Properties of Memristors Based on Open Metal–SiO2–Metal Sandwich Structures
Authors: Mordvintsev V. M. , Kudryavtsev S. E. , Naumov V. V. , Gorlachev E. S.
Published: April 2024

Memristors (elements of nonvolatile electrically reprogrammable memory) based on electro-formed open sandwich-metal-dielectric-metal (MDM) structures are fabricated using thin-film technology. Studies of the electroforming process and the features of the current-voltage characteristics (CVCs) after it was carried out for structures with various electrode materials showed that in the case of a tungsten anode, it was possible to minimize the probability of electrical breakdown during electroforming and subsequent oper-ation of the memory elements. This is valid for any position of the anode in the MDM structure: both upper and lower. However, it is experimentally shown that tungsten is not the optimal material. The production of the anode from molybdenum retains all the advantages of the design with tungsten, and in addition, it leads to a noticeable decrease in the electroforming voltage, which can increase the reliability of this process. The results obtained can be used to optimize the design of the memory element.
The memory of the deportation of kalmyks of “generation 1.5”: narrative construction
Authors: Guchinova E. -B.M
Published: April 2024

The memory of the deportation of the Kalmyks as a traumatic event is not homogeneous. Women and men, expelled as teenagers or adults, or Kalmyk children born as “spetspereselency”, had different experiences of eviction and survival and remember these years in different ways. The oral stories I have collected show the memory of the community through personal narratives, revealing variety of personal strategies and resistance. In this publication, I would like to show, using the example of one interview, the features of social memory about the deportation of the Kalmyks and the specifics of the narrative about this “generation 1.5”. The main research task was to analyze the plots, images, assessments that form the narrative about the deportation of the Kalmyks from the “children of Siberia”. Other objectives of the publication: to find out how the language of trauma works in the narrative about the deportation of the Kalmyks, to show the possibilities of commentary as a scholarly genre. The article consists of three parts: an introduction, fragments of the text of a spontaneous interview and comments on them. The study used the method of discursive analysis and generational theory. The field material is presented in the form of a transcribed text of an interview recorded by the author in 2006. The discursive strategies of the narrative speak of its positive nature.
On “ethnic migrants” and the beginning of their ethnographic study in Central Europe
Authors: Lozoviuk P.
Published: April 2024

“Ethnic migrants” can be understood as participants of a specific type of migration, which is characterized by institutional and material facilitation by the host country of the conditions of migration movement based solely on the ethnic origin of migrants. The ethnic origin declared by such migrants, as a rule, coincides with the ethnic origin of the titular nation located in the target country. The aim of this article is to depict the mode of implementation and methodological preconditions of one of the first attempts at ethnographic analysis of so-called ethnic migrants and to convey how the thematic and methodological directions of the aforementioned scientific approach led to theoretical innovations in German-speaking ethnology in the post-war period. As an example, studies of disappearing ethnographic phenomena conducted among Bessarabian migrants of German origin in the territory of the then Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia will be presented.
Tourism in archaeological sites of the trans-Urals region: rethinking the landscape status and heritage regimes
Authors: Korandei F. S , Agapov M. G
Published: April 2024

The article discusses the tourist commodification of archaeological sites in the Tobol Trans-Urals region (Tobol’skoe Zaural’e, Russia). The transformation of the region into a taskscape of professional archaeology associated with the urban centers of the Kurgan and Tyumen regions, as well as its tourist development, run by both the state and private business, involves the archaeological heritage of remote territories into the urban economy. This urban expansion is described here from the perspective of landscape negotiation, that is, the narratives and practices of rethinking the territories interpreted as a resource of the new type. This rethinking process involves all social groups claiming a place in the landscape, as well as the landscape itself, modified both in accordance with group ideas about the archaeological heritage (heritage regimes) and in accordance with the challenges generated by intergroup interaction. Based on fieldwork in the Kurgan region and in the south of the Tyumen region, we identify the main groups participating in negotiation on the promotion of the archaeological heritage, and also describe the practices of mutual modification of archaeological sites, which producing landscapes of negotiation.
Ritual agency and moral panics: toward the anthropology of blasphemy and sacrilege
Authors: Panchenko A. A
Published: April 2024

The introduction to the journal issue's special theme on “The Icon and the Axe: Discourses on Blasphemy and Sacrilege in the Russian Culture” deals with some theoretical aspects of anthropological research focusing on blasphemy, sacrilege, and desecration. The history of religious, secular, and post-secular cultures from the Middle Ages to the present day involve different types of discourses on blasphemy and sacrilege. Local cults of sacred sites, miraculous images and objects employ the concept of desecration to articulate the rules and norms of communication between humans and supernatural agents. Organized forms of sacrilege, like Reformation iconoclasm or Soviet anti-religious campaigns, aim at transformation of habitual ritual activities along with formation of new types of human and non-human agency. Present day “blasphemy panics” produce new identities and ideas of the moral order. The Russian history and culture of the recent centuries provides examples of coexistence and evolution of all these types.
Peasants, icons, and obscenities
Authors: Panchenko A. A
Published: April 2024

The article examines religious, ritual, and moral contexts in the history of semantics and social trajectories of the Russian obscene vocabulary and phraseology known as “mat”. Transhistorical representations of the “Russian mat” as a steady set of lexemes and formulae do not seem to be correct. Moreover, it is possible to discuss not only historical transformations of the concept, but its genealogy and, so to speak, invention. One of the few concepts explaining religious and mythological meanings of “mat” was formulated in the 1980s by Boris A. Uspenskii who argued that pre-Christian Slavic obscenities were related to agrarian magic of fertility. This article presents an alternative hypothesis and argues that the “invention” and religious interpretation of the “Russian mat” as a specific and blasphemous type of obscenities took place in Muscovy in the 16th and 17th century as a part of attempted “disciplinary revolution” aimed at popular religious and ritual culture. Local “visionary epidemics” in the 17th century that involved condemnation of “mat”, tobacco, and drunkenness can be viewed as moral panics stimulated by the state and church elites. At the same time, the panics led to the establishment of new cults of miracle working icons and sacred sites. Popular beliefs and prohibitions related to “mat” in the 19th and 20th centuries were informed by a number of different factors and did not go back to any single pre-Christian source.
The “sorrystan”: public apologies and moral order in today’s Dagestan
Authors: Kapustina E. L , Khonineva E. A
Published: April 2024

The article deals with the moral implications of the practice of public apologies, based on the case of modern Dagestan. Unlike most studies in linguistics and political science, in this article, we are interested not in the structure of official apologies as speech acts and the conditions of achieving their communicative effect, but rather in the variability of pictures of the moral order that may stand behind the need for public apologies in a particular cultural context, and the type of moral subject that can be constructed through such public acts. The material for the analysis included the public apologies that are relevant within Dagestani society, the apologies by Dagestani people living outside the republic, and the cases of apologies to Dagestanis themselves. The article demonstrates how the spread of the practice of public apologies has problematized the boundaries of collective responsibility in Dagestani society, the notions of the subject, its qualities and agency associated with the institution of reputation, as well as the possibility of subordination and resistance to the social structure.
The people that survived by a miracle: on ethnic self-presentation of the kashubians
Authors: Vasiukov O. D
Published: April 2024

The article focuses on the discursive strategies of presenting ethnicity that are employed by the present-day Kashubians of Poland. Kashubians are a West Slavic minority ethnic group which was legally recognized as a regional linguistic community in 2005. Drawing on the materials of anthropological fieldwork conducted in areas inhabited by ethnic Kashubians, I describe some of the practices of ethnic and national self-definition of the locals and address the ways in which Kashubians experience otherness and use the rhetoric of otherness. Analyzing a range of themes and topics related to the ethnicity of the informants, I show how Kashubians of different generations reflect on the ethnic and linguistic specificity of their community, construct, maintain, and cross the traditional and new social boundaries, as well as ponder over the issue of preserving their group identity within the framework of the Polish national state.
The “love for money” in Sardinia: on the question of an ethnoanthropological study of the phenomenon of prostitution in traditional society
Authors: Maxia A.
Published: April 2024

The article makes a novel contribution to anthropological studies by exploring the phenomenon of prostitution in Sardinia which remains a poorly urbanized conservative rural region of Europe, which still retains a high degree of cultural traditionalism. Due to the lack of research on this issue, I draw primarily on my own field material obtained as a result of many years of surveys conducted in the region, mainly in mountainous areas, that is the pastoral zone which is a set of introverted and patriarchal village microcosms with unusually strict social control and a rigid system of moral taboos. The principal difficulty in conducting this type of fieldwork is the uncommunicativeness and “closedness” of informants in any kinds of conversations involving topics of sex. I argue that there was an organic social “acceptance” of the institution of prostitution in the traditional society as an element that provided a mechanism for its social functioning and the preservation of social balance.
Prostitution in Sicily: a look into the past
Authors: Fais-leutskaia O. D
Published: April 2024

The article makes a novel contribution to anthropological research by attempting an analysis of the phenomenon of urban prostitution within a specific historical period of the 1930-80s in the region of Sicily which has been culturally conservative and still maintains today a high degree of traditionalism. The study is drawn on an extensive range of field data that I have obtained in the course of long-term surveys, working with a vast array of respondents. I take a special approach to the topic, addressing the historical past, past experiences and reflections of people, as well as information preserved in the memory of ancestors. These sources together make it possible to explore and recreate the appearance of the “traditional” prostitution that is seen today by the majority of the population of Sicily as “ideal” and contrasted with its modern (“alien”, “criminal”, “dirty”) forms. The study not only highlights an important sociocultural phenomenon that has gone into oblivion but also lets us identify the reasons for its popularity in the region and its perception as an organic element of the local culture, closely related to the ethnic and cultural identity of Sicilians.
The “kirat religion” in Nepal: quest for a new religious and ethnic identity
Authors: Streltsova L. A
Published: April 2024

The Limbu, Rai Yakha and Sunuwar peoples of eastern Nepal are part of the wider Kiranti ethnic group. Traditionally they used to worship spirits and objects of nature. Rituals were held at temporary altars built from natural materials. The continuity of the tradition was ensured by a complex of oral texts called mundhum, which was transmitted by shamans. In the 20th century, for sociocultural and political reasons, these traditional beliefs underwent major changes. At the beginning of the 20th century, a new reformist doctrine of Satya Hangma (Limbu “true faith”) emerged. Guru Phalgunanda combined traditional beliefs with Hindu ideas, transforming dogmatics and religious practice. At the end of the 20th century political processes began in Nepal, which led to the growth of ethno-religious self-awareness of various groups. For the first time, in the 1991 census, there was included an option to recognize the “Kirat religion”.
Heraka: historical memory and new mythology of naga tribes
Authors: Bychkova A. A
Published: April 2024

In the late 1920s, on the territory where Naga tribes resided in the North East India, there emerged a mass religious reformation movement triggered by certain political and economic factors. Over the hundred years that have passed since, this movement has undergone changes. There appeared a new mythology and new religion called Heraka. Not only did heroes of past times remain in the social memory, but they continued to live their own lives and keep playing important roles in the political arena of the region and the country. I attempt to examine the images of real human characters in the context of evolution of the historical memory and gain the understanding of the place that Heraka occupies in the new official mythology. I argue that the development of Heraka is related to the split between the dividing lines of two nationalist ideologies: the ideology of forming an independent Christian state of Nagalim within the territory of residence of Naga tribes and the ideology of Hindutva.
A critical paradigm for the histories of anthropology: the generalization of transportable knowledge
Authors: Darnell R. , Alymov S. S , Arzyutov D. V , Gibson J. M , Keck F. , Kuznetsov I. V , Lazzari A. , Lewis H. S , Parezo N. J
Published: April 2024

The article presents a discussion focused on Regna Darnell's concepts of critical paradigm and transportable knowledge in relation to contemporary studies in history of anthropology, put forward in her essay based on the text written for the keynote address at EASA's History of Anthropology Network and reproduced in BEROSE International Encyclopaedia of the Histories of Anthropology. Assessing the changing disciplinary scene of humanities and social sciences, Darnell argues that an urgent rethinking of paradigmatic bases underlying the practices of historians of anthropology is necessary. She reviews the legacy of George Stocking, Jr., and the often-discussed opposition between historicism and presentism, as well as the legacy of Boas and his contemporaries, to examine the paths taken and not taken in understanding the historical development of the anthropological knowledge. Darnell's arguments and suggestions are discussed by an international group of scholars in their contributions including “Presentism and Historicism in the Histories of Anthropology in Russia and North America” by Sergei Alymov, “After the History of Anthropology” by Dmitry Arzyutov, “On the Critical Paradigm for the History of Anthropology” by Jason M. Gibson, “Doing History of Anthropology in a Post-Colonial and International World” by Frédéric Keck, “Boas and Stocking in Russian Anthropology (on ‘Sacred Cows')” by Igor Kuznetsov, “The Struggle for Recognition and Parahistory” by Axel Lazzari, “On the Margins of Darnell's ‘Critical Paradigm'” by Herbert S. Lewis, “Paradigmatic Basics, or What Do We Mean by Paradigm?” by Nancy J. Parezo, “Writing Transnational Histories of Anthropologies” by Gustavo Lins Ribeiro, “History(-ies) of Anthropology: Some Remarks on Reflexivity” by Nathalie Richard, and “Distance as an Issue in the Discipline's History Research” by Sergei Sokolovskiy.
Everyday life of women in Dubna of the 1950s-1960s
Authors: Pushkareva N. L , Zhidchenko A. V
Published: April 2024

The article analyzes the structures of women's everyday life in the “science city” of Dubna, designed to become a showcase of socialism in the USSR of the 1950s-60s. We believe that during the years of the “Khrushchev thaw” and the rise of scientific centers throughout the country, women in these new towns found themselves in non-trivial conditions for traditional Soviet women's everyday life, where they gained the opportunity to implement their own life strategies in science and related fields. Few took advantage of this opportunity, however. Residents of the closed town of Dubna had access to special supplies and social infrastructure that was exemplary for that time; they were able to contact foreigners and enjoyed many cultural privileges. Triangulation of the sequences of biographical stories conveyed by representatives of different social strata, comparing them with media materials and extracts from normative sources led us to the conclusion that the traditional gender contract, subjected to only slight erosion in the first decades of the Soviet power, did not disappear at all - in fact, it took root in the “city of the future” inhabited by designers, inventors, and scientists. Due to the rigidity of this contract, the majority of Dubna's residents did not succeed in becoming, and did not want to become, independent actors seeking to declare themselves and their professional ambitions in science or the public sphere. We attempt to reveal the social role of such women through the prism of everyday life and social memory. We argue that it boiled down to the fulfillment of social expectations, the readiness to remain in service roles and provide a reliable rear support for their husbands-scientists who worked on major Soviet projects in the field of nuclear physics.
The materiality of the ecology of memory and affect
Authors: Sokolovskiy S. V
Published: April 2024

An introduction to the thematic issue on “Voyages of Living Things: Distributed Memory, Evocative Objects, and Affective Micro-Niches” with special focus on material scaffoldings in the ecology of memory and affect, exemplified by experiences of migrants, border residents, and tourists. The invited editor of the issue presents articles by Sholeh Sharokhi, Sibel Aksu Güngör, Darya Radchenko, Pavel Kupriyanov, Veronika Nurkova and Olga Sulim, analyzing the theoretical approaches and data presented within the framework of the ecology of human abilities, including the material aspects of human memory and affectivity.
Other worlds in the museum: exhibits as evocative objects
Authors: Kupriyanov P. S
Published: April 2024

The article focuses on the evocative effect in the museum spaces: it examines the situations in which museum exhibits and their complexes operate (“work”) as evocative objects, evoking memories and emotions in visitors. The conditions and mechanisms that ensure such an effect are explored through the field observations and interviews with visitors and employees of museums, as well as reviews of expositions. I analyze the materials of three cases: The Museum-residence “Artkommunalka ‘Yerofeyev and others’” (Kolomna, Moscow region), the museum complex in the Uchma village (Yaroslavl region), and the mobile exhibition “To Trust the Dried-Up”. The analysis shows that the evocative effect in the museum spaces does not arise by itself; rather, it is provided by special efforts: in some cases, preliminary or synchronous discursive support, in others - sensory attunements.
STUDIES OF HYDROCHLORIC ACID DECOMPOSITION OF CLAY SLURRIES OF SILICEOUS-TITANIUM ORES
Authors: Anisonyan K. G , Kop'ev D. Yu , Zablotskaya Yu. V , Olyunina T. V , Sadykhov G. B
Published: April 2024

The chemical and mineral compositions of gray-colored and red-colored slurries formed during the disintegration of silicon-titanium ores of the Pyzhemskoye deposit are considered, and the results of a study on their hydrochloric acid leaching of 20% HCl in the temperature range of 40-200°С are presented. It is shown that an increase in the leaching temperature leads to an increase in the degree of opening of sludge, which is associated with the decomposition of a number of mineral phases. At temperatures of 40-100°С, the decomposition of siderite and goethite proceeds. The decomposition of clay minerals develops at a temperature of 90° C and above. The process is accompanied by the release of gel-like SiO2. Under autoclave conditions, the decomposition of pseudorutyl, as well as monazite and xenotime occurs simultaneously with the transfer to a solution of cerium, neodymium and yttrium. Complete decomposition of REM minerals is achieved at a temperature of 180°С. The non-decomposable solid residue is represented by rutile, quartz, amorphous SiO2 and zircon.
ELECTROCHEMICAL PROCESSING OF HEAVY TUNGSTEN ALLOY WASTE IN AMMONIUM CARBONATE SOLUTIONS
Authors: Kuznetsova O. G , Levin A. M , Konushkin S. V , Tsybin O. I , Bol'shikh A. O
Published: April 2024

The electrochemical behavior of tungsten and the VNZHK alloy (wt. %: W 90; Ni 7.2; Fe 1.8; Co 1) in solutions of (0.5—1.5 M) ammonium carbonate was investigated by linear voltammetry in a potentiodynamic mode. An increase in the maximum anodic density of the oxidation current of tungsten and the VNZHK alloy was revealed with an increase in the ammonium carbonate concentration. The process of electrochemical dissolution of the VNZHK alloy waste in a 1.0 M solution of ammonium carbonate was investigated by galvanostatic electrolysis, as well as electrolysis under the action of a sinusoidal alternating current of industrial frequency. The advantage of alternating use of direct and alternating currents is justified. It has been established that during the processing of the VNZHK alloy waste under the alternating action of direct and alternating currents, the transition of tungsten from the alloy to an ammonium carbonate solution is accompanied by the concentration of the iron subgroupmetals in the microdisperse sludge of electrolysis. A basic technological scheme for the tungsten extraction from the heavy tungsten alloys waste with the production of ammonium paravolframate as the final product is proposed.
INVESTIGATION OF THE HEAT TREATMENT MODES EFFECT ON THE STRUCTURE AND PROPERTIES OF A FIREPROOF MAGNESIUM CASTING ALLOY OF THE Mg-REM-Zr SYSTEM
Authors: Leonov A. A , Duyunova V. A , Trofimov N. V , Uridiya Z. P , Mukhina I. Yu
Published: April 2024

The research results on the development of a new generation Mg-REM-Zr fire-safe magnesium casting alloy system are presented. Serial magnesium alloys do not have both high strength at room temperature and a sufficient level of heat resistance. A unique domestic foundry magnesium alloy has been developed with consistently high specified properties at the same time. In addition, the obtained ignition temperature indicators of the developed alloy allow it to be attributed to the group of fireproof magnesium alloys. The conducted studies of the its heat treatment parameters made it possible to choose the optimal mode that ensures the achievement of high strength characteristics of the alloy.
IMPROVING THE EFFICIENCY AND QUALITY OF ALUMINUM MELT IMPREGNATION OF POROUS CARBON GRAPHITE MATERIAL BY GALVANIC MODIFICATION OF ITS SURFACE
Authors: Gulevskiy V. A , Vinogradov L. V , Antipov V. I , Kolmakov A. G , Miroshkin N. Yu , Gulevskiy V. V
Published: April 2024

The possibility of increasing the filling degree of open pores with aluminum melt during the impregnation of carbon-graphite material by applying metal-galvanic film coatings to its surface is investigated. Two types of electroplating coatings are used - nickel and combined coating consisting of copper and cadmium layers. Impregnation of the coated samples was carried out using autoclave-free technology in a special impregnation chamber. It is shown, that metal-galvanic coatings contribute to a lighter flow of aluminum melt into the pore cavity, providing a full-fledged impregnation of carbon-graphite material with a matrix alloy at reduced temperature (≤ 900°C) and pressure (3-5MPa).
ABOUT THE CRYSTALLIZATION OF TITANIUM CARBIDE FROM IRON TRIAD MELTS
Authors: Ovcharenko P. G , Chekmyshev K. E , Mokrushina M. I , Lad'yanov V. I
Published: April 2024

The results of the thermodynamic estimate of probability of titanium carbide crystallization from iron-carbon melts is proposed in paper. The Gibbs energy of the corresponding chemical reaction was chosen as a crystallization criterion. The influence of the melt composition and its temperature on the process of formation of titanium carbide particles is determined. The alloying of castings from alloys based on iron group metals with titanium carbide, which is formed in the melt due to the reaction of self-propagating high-temperature synthesis (SHS) between the components of ligature (titanium and carbon black), makes it possible to obtain dispersed TiC particles with the size of 4 – 8 μm, which leads to an increase in the materials hardness by 20 – 30 %.
FEATURES OF THE STRUCTURE AND PROPERTIES OF POWDERS OF MECHANOSYNTHESIZED TIN BRONZES AND SINTERED MATERIALS BASED ON THEM
Authors: Grigor'eva T. F , Kovaleva S. A , Zhornik V. I , Devyatkina E. T , Vosmerikov S. V , Vityaz' P. A , Lyakhov N. Z
Published: April 2024

The results of studies of the structural-phase state of copper and tin mixture powders (12-20 wt.% Sn), formed during high-energy mechanical processing in a planetary ball mill, are presented. The effects of mechanochemical synthesis of composites during sintering and formation of the structure of sintered bronzes are considered. The relationship between the tin content and the formation of grain-boundary segregations and their influence on the properties of materials is shown. Thus, an increase in the concentration of tin contributes to the acceleration of grain-boundary interactions, a decrease in the rate of bulk diffusion, followed by the formation of supersaturated bulk and grain-boundary solid solutions. For the composition of the mixture with a tin content of 18-20 wt.% during mechanochemical synthesis, grain-boundary supersaturation with tin is achieved by more than 2 times, which contributes to dispersion strengthening of sintered materials based on them and provides microhardness within 2.1-3.0 GPa in a temperature range of 20-800 °С.
INFLUENCE OF DEFORMATION GUIDANCE CONDITIONS ON CHARACTERISTICS OF Ni49,5Ti48Hf2,5 ALLOY WITH HIGH-TEMPERATURE SHAPE MEMORY EFFECT
Authors: Popov N. N , Presnyakov Dmitriy Valentinovich , Grishin Evgeniy Nikolaevich , Sysoeva T. I , Glukhareva Snezhana Viktorovna , Ryzhov Ivan Sergeevich , Kostyleva Alla Anatol'evna
Published: April 2024

Complex studies of the properties of Ni49,5Ti48Hf2,5 alloy featuring high-temperature shape memory effect were carried out on samples made of 2,34 mm-thick strip after high-temperature annealing in vacuum (850 ºС, 1 h). Data on element, phase compositions and structure state was obtained. Results of studies of phase transition temperatures, mechanical and thermomechanical characteristics of the alloy are given. According to the results of studying the local phase composition of alloy samples, it was found that the main matrix of samples is formed by solid solution of Ti, Ni, Hf elements. When analyzing diffraction patterns, it was found that the main phase of samples is titanium nickelide in the low-temperature martensitic state TiNi (B19`) with a monoclinically distorted orthorhombic crystal lattice. It was found that the best average values of the shape memory characteristics εSME = 4,4 % and ηSME = 53 % were obtained for alloy samples with a previously induced total deformation of eо = 11 % in the temperature range tD=(–5 ÷ 23) ºС and deformation rate ε ≈ 2,8·10–3 s–1. The average values of temperatures of the start and the end of the main form recovery are Аs SME = 133 ºС, Аf SME = 149 ºС. These thermomechanical characteristics are suitable for alloy selected to create safety devices such as devices of pushing type.
THE ROTARY FORGING EFFECT ON THE STRUCTURE AND PROPERTIES OF MAGNESIUM ALLOYS OF THE Mg-Y-Gd-Zr SYSTEM
Authors: Rokhlin L. L , Luk'yanova E. A , Dobatkina T. V , Tarytina I. E , Baikin A. S
Published: April 2024

The study results of the structure and mechanical properties of magnesium alloys obtained by rotary forging, similar in composition to the IMB7-1 alloy of the Mg-Y-Gd-Zr system, are presented. Mechanical properties were determined after rotary forging and after rotary forging with subsequent aging at 200 °C for up to 64 hours. The alloys were aged both immediately after rotary forging and after homogenization at 515 °C of the deformed alloys obtained. It is established that rotary forging contributes to the hardening of the studied alloys as a result of grain grinding and intensive twinning. Aging carried out after rotary forging leads to additional hardening of alloys as a result of the decomposition of supersaturated magnesium solid solution. Annealing after rotary forging increases the grain size in the studied alloys due to collective recrystallization and thereby reduces the strength properties of the alloys.
SYNTHESIS OF TiN-Cu NANOCOMPOSITE COATINGS BASED ON THE PRINCIPLE OF COUPLING PROCESSES OF VACUUM-ARC EVAPORATION, MAGNETRON SPUTTERING AND ION BEAM SPUTTERING
Authors: Semenov A. P , Tsyrenov Dmitriy Badma-Dorzhievich , Semenova I. A
Published: April 2024

Superhard TiN-Cu composite coatings have been obtained, the synthesis of which is based on the principle of coupling the operating modes of a vacuum arc evaporator a planar magnetron and a plasma ion source. The constitution, structure and properties of TiN-Cu composite coating do not depend on the type of hybrid methods of their synthesis. It is shown that the coatings have a characteristic homogeneous globular structure with crystallite sizes in the range of 20-50 nm and are textured along the plane (111). Copper does not form its own crystalline phase and is not in the crystal lattice of other phases, it is located at the boundaries of crystallites in an amorphous or X-ray amorphous state. The copper content throughout the coating profile is 5-10 at.%. The microhardness of the coatings is 38-42 GPa.