bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A SOLUTION OF SUN'S $520 CHALLENGE CONCERNING $\frac{520}{\pi}$
Authors: ROGERS MATHEW D. , STRAUB ARMIN
Published: March 2013

We prove a Ramanujan-type formula for 520/π conjectured by Zhi-Wei Sun. Our proof begins with a hypergeometric representation of the relevant double series, which relies on a recent generating function for Legendre polynomials by Wan and Zudilin. After showing that appropriate modular parameters can be introduced, we then apply standard techniques, going back to Ramanujan, for establishing series for 1/π. Finally, we demonstrate that our approach can be used to also establish all further conjectures by Sun on series for 1/π of the same form.
ON THE LARGEST PRIME FACTOR OF THE k-FIBONACCI NUMBERS
Authors: BRAVO JHON J. , LUCA FLORIAN
Published: March 2013

Let P(m) denote the largest prime factor of an integer m ≥ 2, and put P(0) = P(1) = 1. For an integer k ≥ 2, let [Formula: see text] be the k-generalized Fibonacci sequence which starts with 0, …, 0, 1 (k terms) and each term afterwards is the sum of the k preceding terms. Here, we show that if n ≥ k+2, then [Formula: see text]. Furthermore, we determine all the k-Fibonacci numbers [Formula: see text] whose largest prime factor is less than or equal to 7.
Transcriptional Regulation of Fucosyltransferase 1 Gene Expression in Colon Cancer Cells
Authors: Taniuchi Fumiko , Higai Koji , Tanaka Tomomi , Azuma Yutaro , Matsumoto Kojiro
Published: March 2013

The α1,2‐fucosyltransferase I (FUT1) enzyme is important for the biosynthesis of H antigens, Lewis B, and Lewis Y. In this study, we clarified the transcriptional regulation of FUT1 in the DLD‐1 colon cancer cell line, which has high expression of Lewis B and Lewis Y antigens, expresses the FUT1 gene, and shows α1,2‐fucosyltransferase (FUT) activity. 5′‐rapid amplification of cDNA ends revealed a FUT1 transcriptional start site −10 nucleotides upstream of the site registered at NM_000148 in the DataBase of Human Transcription Start Sites (DBTSS). Using the dual luciferase assay, FUT1 gene expression was shown to be regulated at the region −91 to −81 nt to the transcriptional start site, which contains the Elk‐1 binding site. Site‐directed mutagenesis of this region revealed the Elk‐1 binding site to be essential for FUT1 transcription. Furthermore, transfection of the dominant negative Elk‐1 gene, and the chromatin immunoprecipitation (CHIp) assay, supported Elk‐1‐dependent transcriptional regulation of FUT1 gene expression in DLD‐1 cells. These results suggest that a defined region in the 5′‐flanking region of FUT1 is critical for FUT1 transcription and that constitutive gene expression of FUT1 is regulated by Elk‐1 in DLD‐1 cells.
The Periodic Solutions to Kawahara Equation by Means of the Auxiliary Equation with a Sixth-Degree Nonlinear Term
Authors: Pınar Zehra , Öziş Turgut
Published: March 2013

It is well known that different types of exact solutions of an auxiliary equation produce new types of exact travelling wave solutions to nonlinear equations. In this paper, by means of symbolic computation, the new solutions of original auxiliary equation of first-order nonlinear ordinary differential equation with a sixth-degree nonlinear term are presented to obtain novel exact solutions of the Kawahara equation. By the aid of the solutions of the original auxiliary equation, some other physically important nonlinear equations can be solved to construct novel exact solutions.
The Association between Noncommercial Partnerships and Risk of HIV among Female Sex Workers: Evidences from a Cross-Sectional Behavioral and Biological Survey in Southern India
Authors: Somanath Renuka Pulikallu , Mishra Ram Manohar , Saggurti Niranjan , Parimi Prabhakar
Published: March 2013

This paper examines the association between female sex workers' (FSWs) noncommercial partnerships with risk of HIV in Andhra Pradesh, India. Data were drawn from a cross-sectional behavioral and biological survey conducted in 2009 among 3225 FSWs from Andhra Pradesh. Participants were asked about their sexual partnerships, condom use, and vulnerability factors and tested for HIV and sexually transmitted infections. The key independent variables considered were presence of a noncommercial sexual partner (no, yes) and the nature of such partnerships (regular, nonregular). FSWs who reported husband as noncommercial partner were considered to have a regular partner, while the rest were defined as having nonregular partners. Adjusted odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were estimated to measure the associations between variables of interest. Almost three-fourths (74.8%) of FSWs reported having noncommercial partners (regular: 55.6%; nonregular: 19.3%). FSWs in nonregular partnerships were more likely to be HIV positive (13.1% versus 10.9%, adjusted OR: 1.4, 95% CI: 1.1–1.8), have syphilis (10.3% versus 4.2%, adjusted OR: 2.3, 95% CI: 1.6–3.3), use condoms inconsistently with occasional clients (21.0% versus 16.5%, adjusted OR: 1.5, 95% CI: 1.2–1.9), and report forced sex (25.1% versus 14.1%, adjusted OR: 1.9, 95% CI: 1.5–2.4) as compared to those in regular partnerships. HIV prevention programs need to emphasize safe sex behaviors, particularly among FSWs who have nonregular partners.
Effects of Qigong on Depression: A Systemic Review
Authors: Oh Byeongsang , Choi Sun Mi , Inamori Aya , Rosenthal David , Yeung Albert
Published: March 2013

Physical exercises and relaxation have been found to be beneficial for depression. However, there is little evidence on the use of Qigong, a mind-body practice integrating gentle exercise and relaxation, in the management of depression. The aim of this paper is to evaluate the effects of Qigong on depression. The paper examined clinical trials measuring the effect of Qigong on depression within six large-scale medical research databases (PubMed, Medline, ProQuest, Science Direct, EMBASE, and PsycInfo) till October 2011. Key words “Qigong,” “depression,” and “mood” were used. Ten studies were identified as original randomized controlled trial (RCT) studies investigating the effect of Qigong on depression as primary (n=2) or secondary outcome (n=8). Four studies reported positive results of the Qigong treatment on depression; two reported that Qigong effect on depression was as effective as physical exercise. One study reported that Qigong was comparable to a conventional rehabilitation program, but the remaining three studies found no benefits of Qigong on depression. While the evidence suggests the potential effects of Qigong in the treatment of depression, the review of the literature shows inconclusive results. Further research using rigorous study designs is necessary to investigate the effectiveness of Qigong in depression.
Therapeutic Potential of Umbilical Cord Mesenchymal Stromal Cells Transplantation for Cerebral Palsy: A Case Report
Authors: Wang Liming , Ji Haijie , Zhou Jianjun , Xie Jiang , Zhong Zhanqiang , Li Ming , Bai Wen , Li Na , Zhang Zijia , Wang Xuejun , Zhu Delin , Liu Yongjun , Wu Mingyuan
Published: March 2013

Cerebral palsy is the most common motor disability in childhood. In current paper, we first report our clinical data regarding administration of umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) transplantation in treatment of cerebral palsy. A 5-year-old girl with cerebral palsy was treated with multiple times of intravenous and intrathecal administration of MSCs derived from her young sister and was followed up for 28 months. The gross motor dysfunction was improved. Other benefits included enhanced immunity, increased physical strength, and adjusted speech and comprehension. Temporary low-grade fever was the only side effect during the treatment. MSCs may be a safe and effective therapy to improve symptoms in children with cerebral palsy.
Oromaxillary Prosthetic Rehabilitation of a Maxillectomy Patient Using a Magnet Retained Two-Piece Hollow Bulb Definitive Obturator; A Clinical Report
Authors: Mohamed Usman Jafar Abdulla , Ayappan Anuroopa , Ganapathy Dhanraj , Nasir Nilofer Nisha
Published: March 2013

Resection of a malignant lesion involving the maxilla produces severe oromaxillary defect that can seriously jeopardize the normal phonetics of the patient. These defects are effectively managed by well-designed and fabricated obturator. This paper discusses the oromaxillary prosthetic rehabilitation of a maxillectomy patient using a magnet retained two-piece hollow bulb definitive obturator.
Moisture Transport for Reaction Enhancement in Fabrics
Authors: Gibson Phillip , Schreuder-Gibson Heidi , Yip Pearl , Denker Brendan , Benaddi Hamid , Wang Sa , Bromberg Lev , Hatton T. Alan
Published: March 2013

The role of water in protective fabrics is critical to comfort and material performance. Excessive perspiration in clothing causes discomfort, and bound water can adversely affect the ability of carbon to adsorb chemicals. Yet the presence of water can also improve the moisture vapor transport of protective polymer films, and is essential for the hydrolytic destruction of nerve agents. Reported here are the findings of wicking and drying experiments conducted on various hydrophilic and hydrophobic cover fabrics that demonstrate the influence of wetting on permeation through fabrics. The influence of water content on reactive polymers capable of degrading nerve agent simulant is also discussed, and the importance of a novel “delivery system” for water to the reactive components through the use of a wicking fabric is introduced.
Comparative Evaluation of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells of Fetal (Wharton's Jelly) and Adult (Adipose Tissue) Origin during ProlongedIn VitroExpansion: Considerations for Cytotherapy
Authors: Christodoulou I. , Kolisis F. N. , Papaevangeliou D. , Zoumpourlis V.
Published: March 2013

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are somatic cells with a dual capacity for self-renewal and differentiation, and diverse therapeutic applicability, both experimentally and in the clinic. These cells can be isolated from various human tissues that may differ anatomically or developmentally with relative ease. Heterogeneity due to biological origin orin vitromanipulation is, nevertheless, considerable and may equate to differences in qualitative and quantitative characteristics which can prove crucial for successful therapeutic use. With this in mind, in the present study we have evaluated the proliferation kinetics and phenotypic characteristics of MSCs derived from two abundant sources, that is, fetal umbilical cord matrix (Wharton's jelly) and adult adipose tissue (termed WJSC and ADSC, resp.) during prolongedin vitroexpansion, a process necessary for obtaining cell numbers sufficient for clinical application. Our results show that WJSC are derived with relatively high efficiency and bear a substantially increased proliferation capacity whilst largely sustaining the expression of typical immunophenotypic markers, whereas ADSC exhibit a reduced proliferation potential showing typical signs of senescence at an early stage. By combining kinetic with phenotypic data we identify culture thresholds up to which both cell types maintain their stem properties, and we discuss the practical implications of their differences.
Long-Term Followup of LaserIn SituKeratomileusis for Hyperopia Using a 213 nm Wavelength Solid-State Laser
Authors: Quito Carmina Franz G. , Agahan Archimedes Lee D. , Evangelista Raymond P.
Published: March 2013

Purpose. To evaluate the long-term efficacy, accuracy, stability, and safety of hyperopic laserin situkeratomileusis (LASIK) using a 213 nm wavelength solid-state laser.Methods. This prospective noncomparative case series consisted of 34 eyes of 17 patients which underwent hyperopic LASIK using a 213 nm solid-state laser (Pulzar Z1, CustomVis) at an outpatient refractive surgery center in Manila, Philippines. The preoperative and postoperative examinations included uncorrected distance visual acuity (UDVA), subjective manifest refraction, corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA), cycloplegic refraction, slitlamp biomicroscopy, and keratometry ().Main Outcome Measures. Accuracy, efficacy, stability, and safety of the refractive procedure.Results. Mean follow-up was months. At the end of follow-up, 26.47% had a UDVA of 20/20 and 94.12% had a UDVA of ≥20/40. Manifest refractive spherical equivalent (MRSE) was within ±0.50 D of the target refraction in 55.88% and within ±1.0 D in 85.30% of the study eyes. Refractive stability was noted in the 1st postoperative month while hyperopic regression was noted after the 3rd postoperative year. No eye lost more than 2 lines of CDVA.Conclusion. Our results show that the 213 nm solid state laser system is safe, effective, accurate, and predictable for the treatment of hyperopia.
Complexity Analysis of a Cournot-Bertrand Duopoly Game Model with Limited Information
Authors: Wang Hongwu , Ma Junhai
Published: March 2013

A Cournot-Bertrand mixed duopoly game model with limited information about the market and opponent is considered, where the market has linear demand and two firms have the same fixed marginal cost. The principles of decision-making are bounded rational. One firm chooses output and the other chooses price as decision variable, with the assumption that there is a certain degree of differentiation between the products offered by firms to avoid the whole market being occupied by the one that applies a lower price. The existence of Nash equilibrium point and its local stability of the game are investigated. The complex dynamics, such as bifurcation scenarios and route to chaos, are displayed using parameter basin plots by numerical experiment. The influences of the parameters on the system performance are discussed from the perspective of economics.
Applications of Soft Sets in -Algebras
Authors: Alshehri N. O. , Akram M. , Al-ghamdi R. S.
Published: March 2013

In 1999, Molodtsov introduced the concept of soft set theory as a general mathematical tool for dealing with uncertainty and vagueness. In this paper, we apply the concept of soft sets toK-algebras and investigate some properties of Abelian softK-algebras. We also introduce the concept of soft intersectionK-algebras and investigate some of their properties.
Simulation of Multiphase Flow of the Oil-Water Separation in a Rotating Packed Bed for Oil Purification
Authors: Zhang Xiaojun , Cheng Yun , Nie Songlin , Ji Hui , Liu Laiguo
Published: March 2013

HIGEE (High Gravity Rotary Device) rotating oil purifier which consists of two parts: hydrocyclone separator and rotating packed bed (abbr. RPB) is considered to be capable of removing the solid particle contaminant, moisture and gas simultaneously. As the major unit of HIGEE, the RPB uses centrifugal force to intensify mass transfer. Because of the special structure of RPB, the hydraulic characteristics of the RPB are very important. In this study, the multiphase flow model in porous media of the RPB is presented, and the dynamical oil-water separation in the RPB is simulated using a commercial computational fluid dynamics code. The operating conditions and configuration on the hydraulic performance of the RPB are investigated. The results have indicated that the separation efficiency of HIGEE rotating oil purifier is predominantly affected by operating conditions and the configurations. The best inlet pressure is 0.002 MPa. When the liquid inlet is placed in the outside of the lower surface of RPB; oil outlet is placed in the upper surface, where it is near the rotation axis; and water outlet is placed in the middle of the RPB, where it is far away from the oil outlet, the separating efficiency is the best.
Gait Impairment in a Rat Model of Focal Cerebral Ischemia
Authors: Parkkinen Saara , Ortega Francisco J. , Kuptsova Kristina , Huttunen Joanna , Tarkka Ina , Jolkkonen Jukka
Published: March 2013

The availability of proper tests for gait evaluation following cerebral ischemia in rats has been limited. The automated, quantitative CatWalk system, which was initially designed to measure gait in models of spinal cord injury, neuropathic pain, and peripheral nerve injury, is said to be a useful tool for the study of motor impairment in stroke animals. Here we report our experiences of using CatWalk XT with rats subjected to transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO), during their six-week followup. Large corticostriatal infarct was confirmed by MRI in all MCAO rats, which was associated with severe sensorimotor impairment. In contrast, the gait impairment was at most mild, which is consistent with seemingly normal locomotion of MCAO rats. Many of the gait parameters were affected by body weight, walking speed, and motivation despite the use of a goal box. In addition, MCAO rats showed bilateral compensation, which was developed to stabilize proper locomotion. All of these interferences may confound the data interpretation. Taken together, the translational applicability of CatWalk XT in evaluating motor impairment and treatment efficacy remains to be limited at least in rats with severe corticostriatal infarct and loss of body weight.
An Alternative Technique for Surgical Management of Poststernotomy Osteomyelitis and Reconstruction of the Sternal Defect
Authors: Konofaos Petros , Spartalis Eleftherios , Karagkiouzis Grigorios , Kampolis Christos , Tomos Periklis
Published: March 2013

Introduction.Sternal osteomyelitis with or without mediastinal infection is a severe and rare complication of median sternotomy. In this paper, an alternative technique for the reconstruction of sternal defects with the use of bilateral pectoralis major pedicled muscle flaps is presented.Case presentation.A 70-year-old man with the diagnosis of poststernotomy osteomyelitis underwent reconstruction of his sternal defect with the use of bilateral pectoralis major muscle flaps. The patient had an uneventful recovery, and the physical examination revealed a normal range of motion for both upper limbs and sternal stability.Conclusion.The proposed technique incorporates a simple mobilization of the two pectoralis major muscles to be used as flaps to fill the sternal defect without the need for humeral detachment or a second cutaneous incision. Using this technique, a muscular implant is made that seals the dead space, which has no tension due to the presence of a second layer. Postoperative results are excellent, not only regarding infection and functionality but also from an aesthetic point of view.
The Effect of Operational Cutting Parameters on Nitinol-60 in Wire Electrodischarge Machining
Authors: LotfiNeyestanak Ali Akbar , Daneshmand Saeed
Published: March 2013

Shape memory alloys are a kind of active materials, which have significant characteristics in comparison with other alloys. Since these materials are applicable in different fields such as aerospace, automobile industry, medicine, and dentistry, the effects of wire electrodischarge machining on the properties of these alloys have been studied. In this paper, changes in the shape recovery ability and microhardness of the machined surface of Nitonol-60 shape memory alloy have been studied considering recasting and formation of resolidificated layer on the shape memory alloy surface. XRD and EDXA analyses of the surface layer of the sample besides a microscopic study of the shape memory alloy layer by SEM and a study of the changes in mechanical properties of the surface layer were done by performing microhardness and tension tests on the work piece surface. Considering the surface layer, reversible strain has been studied according to the shape recovery percentage of Nitinol-60 shape memory alloy. Results show that the surface layer formed on the surface of the samples has caused changes in both physical and mechanical properties of the cut surface because of the penetration of the separated materials in comparison with deeper layers of the piece.
Neurofibromatosis Type 1 Complicated by Atypical Coarctation of the Thoracic Aorta
Authors: Kimura Masato , Kakizaki Shuhei , Kawano Kengo , Sato Shinichi , Kure Shigeo
Published: March 2013

Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) is a relatively common autosomal dominant genetic disorder with a prevalence of 1 in 3,000 (0.03%) at birth. Clinical features are café-au-lait macules, intertriginous freckling, dermal neurofibroma, iris hamartoma (Lisch nodules), and learning disability. NF1 vasculopathy is a serious but underrecognized complication involving the cerebrovascular and cardiovascular systems. The incidence of hypertension in patients with NF1 is around 1% and is associated mainly with renal artery stenosis in children. Only a few cases of thoracic aortic coarctation in association with hypertension and neurofibromatosis have been reported. Here we describe the case of a 4-year-old girl who presented with NF1 and hypertension due to atypical coarctation of the thoracic aorta. The diagnosis of coarctation of the thoracic aorta at the Th5-to-Th6 level was made following catheterization with a pressure gradient of 40 mmHg. The patient underwent surgery comprising resection of the coarctation of the thoracic aorta and graft interposition. On the basis of our findings, annual assessment of blood pressure is advised for patients with NF1.
False Positive 18F-FDG Uptake in Mediastinal Lymph Nodes Detected with Positron Emission Tomography in Breast Cancer: A Case Report
Authors: Uğurluer Gamze , Kibar Mustafa , Yavuz Sinan , Kuzucu Akin , Serin Meltem
Published: March 2013

Breast cancer is the most frequently diagnosed cancer among females. It is accepted that lymph node involvement with metastatic tumor and the presence of distant metastasis are the most important prognostic factors. Accurate staging is important in determining prognosis and appropriate treatment. Positron emission tomography with computed tomography detects malignancies using 2-[18F]-fluoro-2-deoxy-d-glucose (18F-FDG PET CT) with high accuracy and they contribute to decisions regarding diagnosis, staging, recurrence, and treatment response. Here, we report a case of false positive metastatic mediastinal lymph nodes that were diagnosed by 18F-FDG PET CT in a 40-year-old breast cancer patient who had undergone preoperative evaluation. Right paratracheal, prevascular, aorticopulmonary, precarinal, subcarinal, hilar, and subhilar multiple conglomerated mediastinal lymph nodes were revealed in addition to left breast mass and axillary lymph nodes. Mediastinoscopy was performed with biopsy and pathology was reported as granulomatous lymphadenitis. In conclusion, any abnormal FDG accumulation in unusual lymph nodes must be evaluated carefully and confirmed histopathologically.
A Pilot Study to Investigate the Role of Thymidylate Synthase as a Marker of Prognosis for Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy in Gastric and Gastro-Oesophageal Junction Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Mirza A. , Brown M. , McNulty C. , Valentine J. , Annesley A. , Galloway S. , Welch I. , West C. M. , Pritchard S.
Published: March 2013

Aims and Background. Patients in the United Kingdom with operable gastric and gastro-oesophageal junction (GOJ) tumours receive neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Our aim was to study the expression of thymidylate synthase (TS) enzyme in pre-treatment diagnostic biopsy specimens and investigate its clinical usefulness.Methods. A single-centre study was carried out in 45 patients with gastric and GOJ adenocarcinoma treated with neo-adjuvant chemotherapy according to the MAGIC protocol. TS expression was determined using immunohistochemistry. >10% tumour nuclei expression of TS was used as cut-off for positivity.Results. Forty-one (91%) of the 45 tumours expressed TS. There was no association between TS expression and lymph node status (P= 0.80), histological response (P= 0.30), and recurrence (P= 0.55). On univariate analysis, only N-stage (P= 0.02) and vascular invasion (P= 0.04) were associated with a poor prognosis. Patients with negative tumour TS expression had better outcome than those with positive expression. The overall 5-year survival rate was 100% in the TS negative versus 56% in TS positive group, but the difference was not statistically significant (P= 0.17).Conclusion. TS expression should be studied in a larger series of gastro-oesophageal cancers as a potential prognostic marker of prognosis to neo-adjuvant chemotherapy.
Gastrodin Protects Apoptotic Dopaminergic Neurons in a Toxin-Induced Parkinson’s Disease Model
Authors: Kumar Hemant , Kim In-Su , More Sandeep Vasant , Kim Byung-Wook , Bahk Young-Yil , Choi Dong-Kug
Published: March 2013

Gastrodia elata(GE) Blume is one of the most important traditional plants in Oriental countries and has been used for centuries to improve various conditions. The phenolic glucoside gastrodin is an active constituent of GE. The aim of this study was to investigate the neuroprotective role of gastrodin in 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+)/1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine- (MPTP) induced human dopaminergic SH-SY5Y cells and mouse model of Parkinson’s disease (PD), respectively. Gastrodin significantly and dose dependently protected dopaminergic neurons against neurotoxicity through regulating free radicals, Bax/Bcl-2 mRNA, caspase-3, and cleaved poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) in SH-SY5Y cells stressed with MPP+. Gastrodin also showed neuroprotective effects in the subchronic MPTP mouse PD model by ameliorating bradykinesia and motor impairment in the pole and rotarod tests, respectively. Consistent with this finding, gastrodin prevented dopamine depletion and reduced reactive astrogliosis caused by MPTP as assessed by immunohistochemistry and immunoblotting in the substantiae nigrae and striatata of mice. Moreover, gastrodin was also effective in preventing neuronal apoptosis by attenuating antioxidant and antiapoptotic activities in these brain areas. These results strongly suggest that gastrodin has protective effects in experimental PD models and that it may be developed as a clinical candidate to ameliorate PD symptoms.
Algebraic Properties of First Integrals for Scalar Linear Third-Order ODEs of Maximal Symmetry
Authors: Mahomed K. S. , Momoniat E.
Published: March 2013

By use of the Lie symmetry group methods we analyze the relationship between the first integrals of the simplest linear third-order ordinary differential equations (ODEs) and their point symmetries. It is well known that there are three classes of linear third-order ODEs for maximal cases of point symmetries which are 4, 5, and 7. The simplest scalar linear third-order equation has seven-point symmetries. We obtain the classifying relation between the symmetry and the first integral for the simplest equation. It is shown that the maximal Lie algebra of a first integral for the simplest equationy′′′=0is unique and four-dimensional. Moreover, we show that the Lie algebra of the simplest linear third-order equation is generated by the symmetries of the two basic integrals. We also obtain counting theorems of the symmetry properties of the first integrals for such linear third-order ODEs. Furthermore, we provide insights into the manner in which one can generate the full Lie algebra of higher-order ODEs of maximal symmetry from two of their basic integrals.
Hybrid Multilevel Sparse Reconstruction for a Whole Domain Bioluminescence Tomography Using Adaptive Finite Element
Authors: Yu Jingjing , He Xiaowei , Geng Guohua , Liu Fang , Jiao L. C.
Published: March 2013

Quantitative reconstruction of bioluminescent sources from boundary measurements is a challenging ill-posed inverse problem owing to the high degree of absorption and scattering of light through tissue. We present a hybrid multilevel reconstruction scheme by combining the ability of sparse regularization with the advantage of adaptive finite element method. In view of the characteristics of different discretization levels, two different inversion algorithms are employed on the initial coarse mesh and the succeeding ones to strike a balance between stability and efficiency. Numerical experiment results with a digital mouse model demonstrate that the proposed scheme can accurately localize and quantify source distribution while maintaining reconstruction stability and computational economy. The effectiveness of this hybrid reconstruction scheme is further confirmed within vivoexperiments.
Basel III and the Net Stable Funding Ratio
Authors: Gideon F. , Petersen Mark A. , Mukuddem-Petersen Janine , Hlatshwayo LNP
Published: March 2013

We validate the new Basel liquidity standards as encapsulated by the net stable funding ratio in a quantitative manner. In this regard, we consider the dynamics of inverse net stable funding ratio as a measure to quantify the bank’s prospects for a stable funding over a period of a year. In essence, this justifies how Basel III liquidity standards can be effectively implemented in mitigating liquidity problems. We also discuss various classes of available stable funding and required stable funding. Furthermore, we discuss an optimal control problem for a continuous-time inverse net stable funding ratio. In particular, we make optimal choices for the inverse net stable funding targets in order to formulate its cost. This is normally done by obtaining analytic solution of the value function. Finally, we provide a numerical example for the dynamics of the inverse net stable funding ratio to identify trends in which banks behavior convey forward looking information on long-term market liquidity developments.
Dynamical Model about Rumor Spreading with Medium
Authors: Zhao Xiaxia , Wang Jianzhong
Published: March 2013

Rumor is a kind of social remark, that is untrue, and not be confirmed, and spreads on a large scale in a short time. Usually, it can induce a cloud of pressure, anxiety, and panic. Traditionally, it is propagated by word of mouth. Nowadays, with the emergence of the internet, rumors can be spread by instant messengers, emails, or publishing. With this new pattern of spreading, anISRWdynamical model considering the medium as a subclass is established. Beside the dynamical analysis of the model, we mainly explore the mechanism of spreading of individuals-to-individuals and medium-to-individual. By numerical simulation, we find that if we want to control the rumor spreading, it will not only need to control the rate of change of the spreader subclass, but also need to control the change of the information about rumor in medium which has larger influence. Moreover, to control the effusion of rumor is more important than deleting existing information about rumor. On the one hand, government should enhance the management of internet. On the other hand, relevant legal institutions for punishing the rumor creator and spreader on internet who can be tracked should be established. Using this way, involved authorities can propose efficient measures to control the rumor spreading to keep the stabilization of society and development of economy.
DNA Damage Sensor γ‐H2AX Is Increased in Preneoplastic Lesions of Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Matsuda Yasunobu , Wakai Toshifumi , Kubota Masayuki , Osawa Mami , Takamura Masaaki , Yamagiwa Satoshi , Aoyagi Yutaka , Sanpei Ayumi , Fujimaki Shun
Published: March 2013

Background. Phosphorylated histone H2AX (γ‐H2AX) is a potential regulator of DNA repair and is a useful tool for detecting DNA damage. To evaluate the clinical usefulness of γ‐H2AX in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), we measured the level of γ‐H2AX in HCC, dysplastic nodule, and nontumorous liver diseases. Methods. The level of γ‐H2AX was measured by immunohistochemistry in fifty‐eight HCC, 18 chronic hepatitis, 22 liver cirrhosis, and 19 dysplastic nodules. Appropriate cases were also examined by fluorescence analysis and western blotting. Results. All cases with chronic liver disease showed increased levels of γ‐H2AX expression. In 40 (69.9%) of 58 cases with HCC, the labeling index (LI) of γ‐H2AX was above 50% and was inversely correlated with the histological grade. Mean γ‐H2AX LI was the highest in dysplastic nodule (74.1 ± 22.1%), which was significantly higher than HCC (P < 0.005). Moreover, γ‐H2AX was significantly increased in nontumorous tissues of HCC as compared with liver cirrhosis without HCC (62.5 ± 24.7%, from 5.1 to 96.0%, P < 0.005). Conclusions. γ‐H2AX was increased in the preneoplastic lesions of HCC and might be a useful biomarker for predicting the risk of HCC.
Video Capsule Retention in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: An Unusual Presentation and Discussion of Retrieval Methods
Authors: Goel R. , Hardman J. , Gulati M. , O'Donohue J.
Published: March 2013

Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) is characterized by chronic inflammation in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. Video capsule endoscopy (VCE) is widely used to investigate the small bowel, and capsule retention is the most serious potential complication. Endoscopic and surgical management has been reported, but in the absence of bowel obstruction, there is little consensus as to which should be employed. In this case report, we describe a patient who was investigated with VCE for weight loss and anaemia. He had previously undergone colectomy with ileoanal pouch formation for ulcerative colitis (UC). Capsule retention occurred at an ileal stricture and he was subsequently diagnosed with Crohn's disease (CD). We describe his medical management and successful capsule retrieval using endoscopic methods. This case also highlights the importance of screening for intestinal strictures in an atypical presentation of UC following colectomy.
Role of Antidiarrhoeal Drugs as Adjunctive Therapies for Acute Diarrhoea in Children
Authors: Faure Christophe
Published: March 2013

Acute diarrhoea is a leading cause of child mortality in developing countries. Principal pathogens includeEscherichia coli, rotaviruses, and noroviruses. 90% of diarrhoeal deaths are attributable to inadequate sanitation. Acute diarrhoea is the second leading cause of overall childhood mortality and accounts for 18% of deaths among children under five. In 2004 an estimated 1.5 million children died from diarrhoea, with 80% of deaths occurring before the age of two. Treatment goals are to prevent dehydration and nutritional damage and to reduce duration and severity of diarrhoeal episodes. The recommended therapeutic regimen is to provide oral rehydration solutions (ORS) and to continue feeding. Although ORS effectively mitigates dehydration, it has no effect on the duration, severity, or frequency of diarrhoeal episodes. Adjuvant therapy with micronutrients, probiotics, or antidiarrhoeal agents may thus be useful. The WHO recommends the use of zinc tablets in association with ORS. The ESPGHAN/ESPID treatment guidelines consider the use of racecadotril, diosmectite, or probiotics as possible adjunctive therapy to ORS. Only racecadotril and diosmectite reduce stool output, but no treatment has yet been shown to reduce hospitalisation rate or mortality. Appropriate management with validated treatments may help reduce the health and economic burden of acute diarrhoea in children worldwide.
Chronic Phencyclidine Increases Synapsin-1 and Synaptic Adaptation Proteins in the Medial Prefrontal Cortex
Authors: Pickering Chris , Ericson Mia , Söderpalm Bo
Published: March 2013

Phencyclidine (PCP) mimics many aspects of schizophrenia, yet the underlying mechanism of neurochemical adaptation for PCP is unknown. We therefore used proteomics to study changes in the medial prefrontal cortex in animals with PCP-induced behavioural deficits. Male Wistar rats were injected with saline or 5 mg/kg phencyclidine for 5 days followed by two days of washout. Spontaneous alternation behaviour was tested in a Y-maze and then proteins were extracted from the medial prefrontal cortex. 2D-DIGE analysis followed by spot picking and protein identification with mass spectrometry then provided a list of differentially expressed proteins. Treatment with 5 mg/kg phencyclidine decreased the percentage of correct alternations in the Y-maze compared to saline-treated controls. Proteomics analysis of the medial prefrontal cortex found upregulation of 6 proteins (synapsin-1, Dpysl3, Aco2, Fscn1, Tuba1c, and Mapk1) and downregulation of 11 (Bin1, Dpysl2, Sugt1, ApoE, Psme1, ERp29, Pgam1, Uchl1, Ndufv2, Pcmt1, and Vdac1). A trend to upregulation was observed for Gnb4 and Capza2, while downregulation trends were noted for alpha-enolase and Fh. Many of the hits in this study concur with recent postmortem data from schizophrenic patients and this further validates the use of phencyclidine in preclinical translational research.
Gait Variability and Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Socie Michael J. , Sosnoff Jacob J.
Published: March 2013

Gait variability, that is, fluctuations in movement during walking, is an indicator of walking function and has been associated with various adverse outcomes such as falls. In this paper, current research concerning gait variability in persons with multiple sclerosis (MS) is discussed. It is well established that persons with MS have greater gait variability compared to age and gender matched controls without MS. The reasons for the increase in gait variability are not completely understood. Evidence indicates that disability level, assistive device use, attentional requirement, and fatigue are related to gait variability in persons with MS. Future research should address the time-evolving structure (i.e., temporal characteristics) of gait variability, the clinical importance of gait variability, and underlying mechanisms that drive gait variability in individuals with MS.
Metastatic Melanoma Presenting as Intussusception in an 80-Year-Old Man: A Case Report
Authors: Alghamdi Sarah , Omarzai Yumna
Published: March 2013

Malignant melanoma of the gastrointestinal tract is an uncommon neoplasm that could be primary or metastatic. Small intestine represents the most common site for the metastatic melanoma; however, it could be found anywhere in the gastrointestinal tract. Intussusception is a rare cause of intestinal obstruction in adults compared to children. In 90% of the cases, the underlying cause can be found, and in 65% of the cases, intussusception is caused by the neoplastic process. The majority of the neoplasms are benign, and about 15% are malignant. Metastatic melanoma is one of the most common metastatic malignancies to the gastrointestinal tract; however, the premortem diagnosis is rarely made. Here, we report an uncommon clinical presentation of metastatic melanoma causing intussusception in an 80-year-old man. This diagnosis should be considered in a differential diagnosis in any patient who presents with gastrointestinal symptoms and a history of melanoma.
Long-Term Effects of AposTherapy in Patients with Osteoarthritis of the Knee: A Two-Year Followup
Authors: Bar-Ziv Yaron , Debbi Eytan M. , Ran Yuval , Benedict Shaike , Halperin Nahum , Beer Yiftah
Published: March 2013

Several biomechanics treatments for knee osteoarthritis (OA) have emerged with the goal of reducing pain and improving function. Through this, researchers have hoped to achieve a transition from the pathological gait patterns to coordinated motor responses. The purpose of the study was to determine the long-term effects of a therapy using a biomechanical device in patients with knee OA. Patients with knee OA were enrolled to active and control groups. The biomechanical device used in therapy (AposTherapy) was individually calibrated to each patient in the active group. Patients in the control group received standard treatment. Outcomes were the Western Ontario and McMaster Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC), Aggregated Locomotor Function (ALF), Short Form 36 (SF-36), and Knee Society Score assessments. The active and control groups were similar at the baseline (group difference in all scores ). The active group showed a larger improvement over time between groups in all three WOMAC categories (, 21.7, and 18.1 for pain, stiffness, and function; all ), SF-36 Physical Scale (; ), Knee Society Knee Score (; ), and Knee Society Function Score (; ). At the two-year endpoint, the active group showed significantly better results (all ). The groups showed a difference of 4.9, 5.6, and 4.7 for the WOMAC pain, stiffness, and function scores, respectively, 10.8 s in ALF score, 30.5 in SF-36 Physical Scale, 16.9 in SF-36 Mental Scale, 17.8 in Knee Society Knee Score, and 25.2 in Knee Society Function Score. The biomechanical therapy examined was shown to significantly reduce pain and improve function and quality of life of patients with knee OA over the long term.
“White Cord Syndrome” of Acute Tetraplegia after Anterior Cervical Decompression and Fusion for Chronic Spinal Cord Compression: A Case Report
Authors: Chin Kingsley R. , Seale Jason , Cumming Vanessa
Published: March 2013

Paralysis is the most feared postoperative complication of ACDF and occurs most often due to an epidural hematoma. In the absence of a clear etiology, inadequate decompression or vascular insult such as ischemia/reperfusion injury are the usual suspects. Herewith we report a case of complete loss of somatosensory evoked potentials (SSEPs) during elective ACDF at C4-5 and C5-6 followed by postoperative C6 incomplete tetraplegia without any discernible technical cause. A postoperative MRI demonstrated a large area of high signal changes on T2-weighted MRI intrinsic to the cord “white cord syndrome” but no residual compression. This was considered consistent with spinal cord gliosis with possible acute edema. The acute decompression of the herniated disc resulted in cord expansion and rush-in reperfusion. We postulate that this may have led to disruption in the blood brain barrier (BBB) and triggered a cascade of reperfusion injuries resulting in acute neurologic dysfunction. At 16 months postoperatively our patient is recovering slowly and is now a Nurick Grade 4.
Blinding Measured: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials of Acupuncture
Authors: Moroz Alex , Freed Brian , Tiedemann Laura , Bang Heejung , Howell Melanie , Park Jongbae J.
Published: March 2013

Background.There is no agreement among researchers on viable controls for acupuncture treatment, and the assessment of the effectiveness of blinding and its interpretation is rare.Purpose.To systematically assess the effectiveness of blinding (EOB) in reported acupuncture trials; to explore results of RCTs using a quantitative measure of EOB.Data Sources.A systematic review of published sham RCTs that assessed blinding.Study Selection.Five hundred and ninety studies were reviewed, and 54 studies (4783 subjects) were included.Data Extraction.The number of patients who guessed their treatment identity was extracted from each study. Variables with possible influence on blinding were identified.Data Synthesis.The blinding index was calculated for each study. Based on blinding indexes, studies were congregated into one of the nine blinding scenarios. Individual study characteristics were explored for potential association with EOB.Limitations.There is a possibility of publication or reporting bias.Conclusions.The most common scenario was that the subjects believed they received verum acupuncture regardless of the actual treatment received, and overall the subject blinding in the acupuncture studies was satisfactory, with 61% of study participants maintaining ideal blinding. Objectively calculated blinding data may offer meaningful and systematic ways to further interpret the findings of RCTs.
Real-Time Localization Algorithm for Maritime Search and Rescue Wireless Sensor Network
Authors: Wu Huafeng , Yang Lei , Liu Ling , Xu Ming , Guan Xinping
Published: March 2013

Maritime search and rescue (MSR), as the last defense line for the life at sea, plays a great role in shipping industry and ocean environment protection. MSR is attracting more and more attention from technical and scientific aspects which are expected to help locate the victim goals quickly, precisely, and efficiently. So far, there have been some new techniques applied to MSR, such as computer vision. However, these techniques have a common drawback that they are too dependent on the effort of the search and rescue party, so that the victim goals can only passively wait for their search. To change this kind of passive status, wireless sensor network (WSN) is the deficiencies of the current maritime search and rescue. To make WSN localization suitable for the MSR, an improved microelectromechanical systems MEMS aided algorithm on the basis of triangle and centroid algorithm is proposed to locate and track the search targets in real time and more precisely. Finally, the simulation results show that the proposed method and algorithm are feasible and efficient.
Induction of Apoptosis and Cell Cycle Blockade by Helichrysetin in A549 Human Lung Adenocarcinoma Cells
Authors: Ho Yen Fong , Karsani Saiful Anuar , Yong Wai Kuan , Abd Malek Sri Nurestri
Published: March 2013

Researchers are looking into the potential development of natural compounds for anticancer therapy. Previous studies have postulated the cytotoxic effect of helichrysetin towards different cancer cell lines. In this study, we investigated the cytotoxic effect of helichrysetin, a naturally occurring chalcone on four selected cancer cell lines, A549, MCF-7, Ca Ski, and HT-29, and further elucidated its biochemical and molecular mechanisms in human lung adenocarcinoma, A549. Helichrysetin showed the highest cytotoxic activity against Ca Ski followed by A549. Changes in the nuclear morphology of A549 cells such as chromatin condensation and nuclear fragmentation were observed in cells treated with helichrysetin. Further evidence of apoptosis includes the externalization of phosphatidylserine and the collapse of mitochondrial membrane potential which are both early signs of apoptosis. These signs of apoptosis are related to cell cycle blockade at the S checkpoint which suggests that the alteration of the cell cycle contributes to the induction of apoptosis in A549. These results suggest that helichrysetin has great potentials for development as an anticancer agent.
Research of Dielectric Breakdown Microfluidic Sampling Chip
Authors: Jiang Feng , Lei Yunwen , Yu Jun
Published: March 2013

Microfluidic chip is mainly driven electrically by external electrode and array electrode, but there are certain disadvantages in both of ways, which affect the promotion and application of microfluidic technology. This paper discusses a scheme that uses the conductive solution in a microchannel made by PDMS, replacing electrodes and the way of dielectric breakdown to achieve microfluidic chip driver. It could reduce the driving voltage and simplify the chip production process. To prove the feasibility of this method, we produced a microfluidic chip used in PDMS material with the lithography technology and experimented it. The results showed that using the dielectric breakdown to achieve microfluidic chip driver is feasible, and it has certain application prospect.
Wiener Index of Graphs with Radius Two
Authors: Chen Yin , Wu Baoyindureng , An Xinhui
Published: March 2013

The Wiener index of a graph is the sum of the distances between all pairs of vertices. It has been one of main descriptors that correlate a chemical compound's molecular graph with experimentally gathered data regarding the compound's characteristics. We characterize graphs with the maximum Wiener index among all graphs of order . with radius two. In addition, we pose a conjecture concerning the minimum Wiener index of graphs with given radius. If this conjecture is true, it will be able to answer an open question by You and Liu (2011).