bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Addressing Police brutality as a form of Human Right Abuse in Nigeria: A study of government efforts
Authors: Nsirim Elizabeth Nkechinyere , Nwakanma Emmanuel Ugochukwu
Published: July 2022

Police brutality have attracted the attention of researchers and human right stakeholders, into the causes of brutality and dimensions of manifestation. In Nigeria, as in many other countries of the world, police brutality has gone as far as taking lives, and casting a shadow of doubt on the professed responsibility of the government in protecting her citizens. In Nigeria, a case at hand is the EndSARS saga which is a consequent action of the youth to end police brutality, yet leading into more brutality and massacre. This study therefore, in addition to knowledge have explored the efforts of the government in addressing police brutality in Nigeria. The study’s objectives were to ascertain the relationship between police daily routine and human right abuse in Nigeria; to assess the effects of police brutality on its victim in Nigeria; to evaluate the accountability of government in proposed measures in addressing police brutality in Nigeria; and to score the effectiveness of the measures employed by the government in addressing police brutality in Nigeria. Concentrating the study in Owerri, Imo State with a total population of 945,046 in 2022. The study draws a sample of 381 respondents who supplied data through a 20-item questionnaire. The collected data were subjected to descriptive analysis using percentages, standard deviation and mean scores. The study’s finding shows that there is a significant relationship between police daily routine and human rights abuse; there is significant effect of police brutality on the victims; the government have not been accountable to their proposed measures for addressing police brutality; and those proposed measures are therefore not effective in addressing police brutality in Nigeria. Therefore, the study recommended that government should first revamp the economy to increase standard of living of its citizens, make policies with interest in solving problems and not pleasing the public, and train and retrain the police officers especially on the UN Principle on the use of force and firearms. police brutality, human right abuse, Nigeria, government efforts
REVIEW : POTENSI KOPI ARABIKA (Coffea arabica L.) DARI BERBAGAI AKTIVITAS FARMAKOLOGI & BENTUK SEDIAAN FARMASI
Authors: Muharam Firman , Sriwidodo
Published: July 2022

Kopi Arabika (Coffea arabica L.) adalah tanaman yang memiliki populasi cukup banyak di Indonesia dan merupakan salah satu komoditas di dunia. Kopi arabika memiliki aktivitas sebagai antiinflamasi, antihiperglikemik, antiselulit, hiperurisemia, antimikroba, dan antioksidan. Hal ini mengindikasikan kopi arabika (Coffea arabica L.) memiliki bahan aktif atau metabolit sekunder seperti kafein dan asam klorogenat yang memberikan aktivitas tersebut. Penggunaan kopi arabika (Coffea arabica L.) pada kalangan masyarakat terbatas pada obat herbal dan juga minuman dengan pengolahan standar sehingga saat ini banyak dikembangkan ulasan mengenai formulasi dan inovasi dari kopi arabika (Coffea arabica L.) sehingga lebih memberikan aktivitas terapi. Pada review artikel ini akan diulas secara lengkap mengenai kopi arabika (Coffea arabica L.)  dalam hal  kandungan kimia, aktivitas, dan formulasi yang telah dikembangkan pada kopi arabika (Coffea arabica L.). Kopi arabika (Coffea arabica L.) memiliki potensi untuk dikembangkan sebagai bahan aktif berdasarkan tinjauan tentang efektivitas kopi arabika (Coffea arabica L.).
The Substructures in the Anticenter Region of the Milky Way
Authors: Zhang Z. , Shi W. B. , Chen Y. Q. , Zhao G. , Carrell K. , Zhang H. P.
Published: July 2022

We investigated the observational properties of Triangulum-Andromeda (TriAnd), Monoceros Ring (MRi), and Anti-Center Stream (ACS) in the anticenter region using K giants, M giants, and RGB stars from LAMOST and SDSS survey. The Friends of Friends algorithm was applied to select member stars of these structures. We found a new spur of TriAnd at l ∼ 133° based on member stars selected in this work and compiled from the literature. The distributions of radial velocity and proper motion of its member stars indicate that TriAnd is gradually moving away from the Sun. The comparisons of [Fe/H] and [α/Fe] between TriAnd and thick-disk/halo stars reveal that TriAnd is likely to originate from the thick disk. MRi and ACS are adjacent in space with a boundary around latitude 30°, and there is no significant difference between the two structures in velocity, proper motions, and orbits. We suggested that MRi and ACS probably have a common origin. We made projections of the four structures in three-dimensional space for the exploration of the movements between the Sagittarius (Sgr) stellar stream and MRi, and found that a new spur was formed by the Sgr stream members in the velocity distribution as it passed through the MRi region.
Extragalactic Magnetic Fields and the Arrival Direction of Ultra-high-energy Cosmic Rays
Authors: de Oliveira Cainã , de Souza Vitor
Published: July 2022

We studied the propagation of ultra-high-energy cosmic rays in extragalactic magnetic fields (EGMFs). We report on the effect of the EGMF on the large-scale anisotropy signal measured at Earth. We show how a spurious dipolar and quadrupolar signal can be generated by the EGMF even if the source distribution is isotropic.
The Common Envelope Evolution Outcome—A Case Study on Hot Subdwarf B Stars
Authors: Ge Hongwei , Tout Christopher A. , Chen Xuefei , Kruckow Matthias U. , Chen Hailiang , Jiang Dengkai , Li Zhenwei , Liu Zhengwei , Han Zhanwen
Published: July 2022

Common envelope evolution (CEE) physics plays a fundamental role in the formation of binary systems, such as merging stellar gravitational wave sources, pulsar binaries, and Type Ia supernovae. A precisely constrained CEE has become more important in the age of large surveys and gravitational wave detectors. We use an adiabatic mass-loss model to explore how the total energy of the donor changes as a function of the remnant mass. This provides a more self-consistent way to calculate the binding energy of the donor. For comparison, we also calculate the binding energy through integrating the total energy from the core to the surface. The outcome of CEE is constrained by total energy conservation at the point at which both components’ radii shrink back within their Roche lobes. We apply our results to 142 hot subdwarf binaries. For shorter orbital period hot subdwarf B stars (sdBs), the binding energy is highly consistent. For longer orbital period sdBs in our samples, the binding energy can differ by up to a factor of 2. The common envelope (CE) efficiency parameter β
CE becomes smaller than α
CE for the final orbital period

log

10

P

orb

/

days
>
−
0.5

. We also find the mass ratios

log

10

q

and CE efficiency parameters

log

10

α

CE

and

log

10

β

CE

linearly correlate in sdBs, similarly to the findings of De Marco et al. for post-AGB binaries.
Searching for a Hypervelocity White Dwarf SN Ia Companion: A Proper-motion Survey of SN 1006
Authors: Shields Joshua V. , Kerzendorf Wolfgang , Hosek Matthew W. , Shen Ken J. , Rest Armin , Do Tuan , Lu Jessica R. , Fullard Andrew G. , Strampelli Giovanni , Zenteno Alfredo
Published: July 2022

Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) are securely understood to come from the thermonuclear explosion of a white dwarf as a result of binary interaction, but the nature of that binary interaction and the secondary object is uncertain. Recently, a double white dwarf model known as the dynamically driven double-degenerate double-detonation (D6) model has become a promising explanation for these events. One realization of this scenario predicts that the companion may survive the explosion and reside within the remnant as a fast moving (V
peculiar > 1000 km s−1), overluminous (L > 0.1 L
⊙) white dwarf. Recently, three objects that appear to have these unusual properties have been discovered in the Gaia survey. We obtained photometric observations of the SN Ia remnant SN 1006 with the Dark Energy Camera over four years to attempt to discover a similar star. We present a deep, high-precision astrometric proper-motion survey of the interior stellar population of the remnant. We rule out the existence of a high-proper-motion object consistent with our tested realization of the D6 scenario (V
transverse > 600 km s−1 with m

r
< 21 corresponding to an intrinsic luminosity of L > 0.0176 L
⊙). We conclude that such a star does not exist within the remnant or is hidden from detection by either strong localized dust or the unlikely possibility of ejection from the binary system almost parallel to the line of sight.
Tracing the Magnetic Field Topology of the Quiet Corona Using Propagating Disturbances
Authors: Morgan Huw , Korsós Marianna B.
Published: July 2022

The motion of faint propagating disturbances (PDs) in the solar corona reveals an intricate structure that must be defined by the magnetic field. Applied to quiet Sun observations by the Atmospheric Imaging Assembly (AIA)/Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO), a novel method reveals a cellular network, with cells of typical diameters 50″ in the cool 304 Å channel and 100″ in the coronal 193 Å channel. The 193 Å cells can overlie several 304 Å cells, although both channels share common source and sink regions. The sources are points, or narrow corridors, of divergence that occupy the centers of cells. They are significantly aligned with photospheric network features and enhanced magnetic elements. This shows that the bright network is important to the production of PDs and confirms that the network is host to the source footpoint of quiet coronal loops. The other footpoint, or the sinks of the PDs, form the boundaries of the coronal cells. These are not significantly aligned with the photospheric network—they are generally situated above the dark internetwork photosphere. They form compact points or corridors, often without an obvious signature in the underlying photosphere. We argue that these sink points can either be concentrations of closed field footpoints associated with minor magnetic elements in the internetwork or concentrations of an upward-aligned open field. The link between the coronal velocity and magnetic fields is strengthened by comparison with a magnetic extrapolation, which shows several general and specific similarities, thus the velocity maps offer a valuable additional constraint on models.
A Dynamical Model of the M101/NGC 5474 Encounter
Authors: Linden Sean T. , Mihos J. Christopher
Published: July 2022

We present the first dynamical simulation that recreates the major properties of the archetypal nearby spiral galaxy M101. Our model describes a grazing but relatively close (∼14 kpc) passage of the companion galaxy NGC 5474 through M101's outer disk approximately 200 Myr ago. The passage is retrograde for both disks, yielding a relatively strong gravitational response while suppressing the formation of long tidal tails. The simulation reproduces M101's overall lopsidedness, as well as the extended NE Plume and the sharp western edge of the galaxy’s disk. The post-starburst populations observed in M101's NE Plume are likely a result of star formation triggered at the point of contact where the galaxies collided. Over time, this material will mix azimuthally, leaving behind diffuse, kinematically coherent stellar streams in M101's outer disk. At late times after the encounter, the density profile of M101's disk shows a broken “upbending” profile similar to those seen in spiral galaxies in denser environments, further demonstrating the connection between interactions and long-term structural changes in galaxy disks.
The Effect of Vitamin D Deficiency with Stunting and Overweight: A Meta-analysis Study
Authors: Nurhayati Isnani , Hidayat Anas Rahmad , Widiyanto Aris , Putri Santy Irene , Atmojo Joko Tri , Fajriah Asruria Sani
Published: July 2022

Background: Childhood malnutrition such as stunting and obesity is an international public health problem leading to an increased risk of mortality and morbidity. Vitamin D deficiency has also been identified as a worldwide public health issue that is associated with an increase in the prevalence of related-chronic diseases.
Aim: The purpose of this study was to investigating the relation between vitamin D deficiency with stunting and  overweight  among children.
Methods: This was a systematic review and meta analysis study used articles from online database of PubMed, which published in 2011 to 2021. The dependent variables was stunting and overweight. The independent variable was vitamin D deficiency. The data was analyzed by RevMan.
Results: Subjects with below-standard vitamin D levels in the body had 1.86 higher risk of experiencing stunting (OR = 1.86; 95% CI 0.90-3.84; p = 0.09) and 2.76 higher being overweight (OR = 2.76; 95% CI 0.96-7.99 ; p = 0.09) compared with those with normal vitamin D levels, this result was not statistically significant.
Conclusion: There is a relation between vitamin D deficiency with stunting and overweight among children under 18 years
Emergency Operation in Dr Wahidin Sudirohusodo and Hasanuddin University Hospital during the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Warsinggih Warsinggih , Dani Muhammad Iwan , Syarifuddin Erwin , Jafar Putri Nurfadillah , Faruk Muhammad
Published: July 2022

Introduction : In December 2019, the world was shocked by a respiratory infectious disease caused by the novel coronavirus which was later referred to as COVID-19. This virus is transmitted from human to human very quickly through droplets, aerosols, and direct contact with COVID-19 patients. One of the health services suspected of playing a role in the spread of this virus is surgery. Surgical procedures involve much medical personnel and direct contact withpatients causes surgery to be considered. In addition, surgery is also prone to causing nosocomial infections becausegenerally postoperative patients have an increased inflammatory process and decreased immune response. In contrast toelective surgery, emergency surgery has a higher risk of postoperative morbidity and mortality than elective surgerybecause of the limited time to prepare and assess the patient. To find out the number of reactive and positive cases of COVID-19 after emergency surgery at our institution.
Method : The type of research conducted is descriptive where this study uses secondary data in the form of medical records of postoperative emergency patients who meet the inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Results : A total of 741 medical records were obtained, with 691 of them being COVID-19 negative and 50 being COVID-19 positive.
Conclusion: We found 93.3% negative post-operative COVID-19 cases and 6.7% positive post-operative COVID-19 cases in patients underwent emergency surgery procedures.
Topical Role of Ozonated Aloe vera Oil in Radiation Dermatitis: Expression of TGF-β and Collagen Density
Authors: Putri Intan Pratama Naelanaviri , Prajoko Yan Wisnu , Prihharsanti Christina Hari Nawangsih , Sadhana Udadi , Susilaningsih Neni
Published: July 2022

BACKGROUND: The effect of ozonated Aloe vera in the treatment of radiation dermatitis has not been studied, while long-term use of topical steroids can cause some side effects.

AIM: The aim of the study was to analyze the effect of topical administration of ozonated Aloe vera oil on the expression of TGF-β and collagen density in the treatment of radiation dermatitis.

METHODS: 36 Sprague Dawley rats were randomized into six groups, namely, K1 (negative control-without therapy), K2 (positive control-hydrocortisone cream 2.5%), P1 (Aloe vera oil), P2, P3, and P4 (ozonized Aloe vera oil 300/600/1200 mg/ml). Termination and immunohistopathological analysis of TGF-β expression and collagen density were performed after 7 days of treatment.

RESULTS: Measurement of TGF-β expression by ANNOVA test showed a significant difference between groups p = 0.001. The Post Hoc LSD test showed significant differences between groups K1 and P1, P2, P3, and P4 also between groups K2 and P2, P3, and P4. Measurement of collagen density by Kruskal–Wallis test showed a significant difference between the treatment groups p < 0.001. Post hoc Mann–Whitney test of collagen density found a significant difference between groups K1 and P1, P2, P3, and P4 also between groups K2 and P2, P3, and P4. Spearman’s rho correlation test showed a strong and unidirectional relationship between TGF-β and collagen (p < 0.001 and r = 0.722).

CONCLUSION: Topical ozonated Aloe vera oil increased TGF-β expression and collagen density in radiation dermatitis.
Strengthening Palliative and Home Care Service During COVID-19 Pandemic in Developing Country: A Single Institution Report
Authors: Widjaja Sry Suryani , Jayalie Vito Filbert , Rusdiana Rusdiana
Published: July 2022

Palliative care is an essential part of integrated care to reduce the suffering condition (physical, psychological, social and occupational, or even spiritual conditions) caused by the patient’s health condition and to improve quality of life. The service of palliative care is significantly increased, commonly at the end-of-life care. The most prevalent diagnosis in our Palliative Care unit is benign tumor and malignancy (35.7%), followed by stroke (14.2%) and the post-surgery patient who needed wound care (12.9%). The number of home visits for palliative care increased from 1537 in 2020 to 2110 in 2021. Because of the low number of nurses in our unit, the compensation adds some nurses to reduce the workload. In conclusion, the need for home visit palliative care during the COVID-19 pandemic is still increasing, but this condition should be followed by increasing the quantity and quality of home visits.
Showcasing synergies between agriculture, biodiversity and ecosystem services to help farmers capitalising on native biodiversity (SHOWCASE)
Authors: Kleijn David , Potts Simon , Öckinger Erik , Herzog Felix , Schaller Lena Luise , Bartomeus Ignasi , Häfner Kati , Bretagnolle Vincent , Sapundzhieva Anna
Published: July 2022

The slow adoption by the agricultural sector of practices to promote biodiversity are thought to originate from three interrelated issues. First, we know little about which incentives effectively motivate farmers to integrate biodiversity into daily farm management. Second, few studies so far have produced evidence that biodiversity-based approaches produce benefits in terms of key variables for farmers (yield, profit). Third, there is a large communication gap between the scientists investigating biodiversity-based farming practices and the farmers who have to implement them. To overcome these barriers, SHOWCASE will review and test the effectiveness of a range of economic and societal incentives to implement biodiversity management in farming operations and examine farmer and public acceptance. Focus will be on three promising approaches: (i) result-based incentives, (ii) involvement in citizen science biodiversity monitoring and (iii) biodiversity-based business models. SHOWCASE will co-produce together with stakeholders solid interdisciplinary evidence for the agro-ecological and socio-economic benefits of biodiversity management in 10 contrasting farming systems across Europe. SHOWCASE will also design communication strategies that are tailor-made to farmers and other key stakeholders operating in different socio-economic and environmental conditions.

SHOWCASE will develop a multi-actor network of 10 Experimental Biodiversity Areas in contrasting European farming systems that will be used for in-situ research on biodiversity incentives and evidence for benefits as well as knowledge exchange. This network will be used to identify and test biodiversity indicators and targets relevant to all stakeholders and use them in a learning-by-doing approach to improve benefits of biodiversity management on farms, both within the network and beyond.
Caddisflies (Trichoptera) of Mongolia: an updated checklist with faunistic and biogeographical notes
Authors: Chuluunbat Suvdtsetseg , Boldgiv Bazartseren , Morse John C.
Published: July 2022

To establish the biogeographic affinities of the caddisfly fauna of Mongolia, published records and results of our faunistic studies were analyzed. This study captured more than 47,000 adults collected from 386 locations beside lakes, ponds, streams/rivers, and springs in ten sub-basins of Mongolia using Malaise traps, aerial sweeping, and ultraviolet lights. In total, 201 species have been recorded, and approximately 269 species may occur in Mongolia according to our estimation. In a comparison of species richness for the family level, the Limnephilidae and Leptoceridae were the richest in species. The families Brachycentridae, Glossosomatidae, and Psychomyiidae had low species richness, but they included the most dominant species in terms of abundance and/or the percentage of occurrence in the samples from multiple sub-basins. Comparing the sub-basins, the Selenge had the highest Shannon diversity (H’ = 3.3) and the Gobi sub-basin had the lowest (H’ = 1.5). According to the Jaccard index of similarity, caddisfly species assemblages of Mongolia’s ten sub-basins were divided into two main groups: One group includes the Selenge, Shishkhed, Bulgan, Tes, and Depression of Great Lakes sub-basins; the other group includes the Kherlen, Onon, Khalkh Gol, Valley of Lakes, and Gobi sub-basins. The majority of Mongolian species were composed of East Palearctic taxa, with a small percentage of West Palearctic and Nearctic representatives and an even smaller percentage from the Oriental region, suggesting that the Mongolian Gobi Desert is, and has been, a significant barrier to the distribution of caddisfly species between China and Mongolia.
The Trichoptera of Panama. XIX. Additions to and a review of the genus Leucotrichia (Trichoptera, Hydroptilidae) in Panama
Authors: Thomson Robin E. , Armitage Brian J. , Harris Steven C.
Published: July 2022

Prior to 2016, three species of caddisflies in the genus Leucotrichia (Trichoptera: Hydroptilidae) were known from Panama. Subsequently, one new species and four new country records were added to Panama’s fauna. Herein, four new species are described (Leucotrichia cortaderasp. nov., L. holzenthalisp. nov., L. lumasp. nov., L. ruiterisp. nov.) and two new country records added for Panama (L. botosaneanui Flint, 1996, L. hispida Thomson & Holzenthal, 2015). The resulting total of 14 species makes Panama the most species-rich country for this genus. Panama’s species assemblage is most similar to Costa Rica and Mexico. However, the similarities among faunas in all these countries is very low (< 35%). Thus, more new country records are possible with additional collecting. Recent collections (2015–2021) of new caddisfly species and country records in this genus were effected primarily by use of Malaise traps. Our collections also evidenced multiple species from the same collecting site, with seven species each found in both lowland and mid-altitude sites. Investigation of the distribution of Leucotrichia species with altitude reveals a preference by several species for higher altitude locations. Additional Malaise trap collections over extended time periods are needed to verify the validity of all observations and preliminary conclusions made to date.
A preliminary molecular phylogeny of the family Hydroptilidae (Trichoptera): an exploration of combined targeted enrichment data and legacy sequence data
Authors: Thomson Robin E. , Frandsen Paul B. , Holzenthal Ralph W.
Published: July 2022

Hydroptilidae is an extremely diverse family within Trichoptera, containing over 2,600 known species, that displays a wide array of ecological, morphological, and habitat diversity. However, exploration into the evolutionary history of microcaddisflies based on current phylogenetic methods is mostly lacking. The purpose of this study is to provide a proof-of-concept that the use of molecular data, particularly targeted enrichment data, and statistically supported methods of analysis can result in the construction of a stable phylogenetic framework for the microcaddisflies. Here, a preliminary exploration of the hydroptilid phylogeny is presented using a combination of targeted enrichment data for ca. 300 nuclear protein-coding genes and legacy (Sanger-based) sequence data for the mitochondrial COI gene and partial sequence from the 28S rRNA gene.
Est-ce la fin de la psychologie analytique ?
Authors: Sacco German Betty , Richer-Villar Samira
Published: July 2022

Cet article explore la crise de la psychologie analytique déclenchée par le décalage entre la nature de l’approche jungienne et les tendances collectives occidentales. Alors que la psychologie des profondeurs est centrée sur le dialogue entre le conscient et l’inconscient pour éclairer la singularité de l’individu, l’ épistémè du monde occidental s’oppose à la nature même de la voie jungienne de deux façons. La première est la vision de la psychologie en tant que science mesurable qui a un objectif curatif ; la seconde est le fait que l’Occident expérimente le monde comme une réalité en forme de réseau qui met en avant multiplicité, superficialité, réversibilité, et rationalisation. Pour tenter de survivre dans un monde qui s’oppose à sa nature, la psychologie des profondeurs s’est efforcée de répondre aux exigences sociales ce qui a eu pour résultat un clivage entre la théorie et la pratique, la première s’occupant des faits objectifs, la seconde incluant les faits subjectifs. Si la psychologie analytique perpétue ce clivage, elle court à son extinction. Pour vivre, elle devrait assumer son rôle d’ombre collective et exprimer les valeurs que la conscience collective contemporaine a refoulées dans l’inconscient.
Les élites économiques dans les cabinets de gouvernement au Maroc de 1986 à 2016
Authors: Fouad El Haddad Ahmed
Published: July 2022

Cet article propose d'analyser comment les élites ministérielles issues du monde des affaires, tant public que privé, investissent les fonctions ministérielles au Maroc. Les résultats statistiques d'une analyse quantitative suggèrent trois avantages compétitifs des élites économiques par rapport aux membres du gouvernement : la stabilité dans la fonction, des départements ministériels plus étendus et une occupation des secteurs de politique publique à caractère productif. Ce travail contribue à la littérature sur les coalitions de pouvoir entre les élites politiques et économiques en examinant comment elles se forment dans l'exécutif du système politique marocain avant et après le contexte de 2011. Classification JEL : H16, P16, G18, L26
La Stratégie nationale de l’environnement (SNE, 2001-2011) : levier de développement et réponse institutionnelle à la crise écologique en Algérie
Authors: Amine Mehdi Khelladi Mohammed
Published: July 2022

Faisant face à une sévère crise écologique, l’Algérie a initié, au début de ce Millénaire, un modèle de développement qui serait apte à mieux conjuguer simultanément les impératifs économiques, sociaux et environnementaux. Au même moment, cette crise a été saisie telle une opportunité pour renouveler l’action publique environnementale via la Stratégie nationale de l’environnement (SNE). Au travers d’une démarche évaluative, le but de cet article sera un essai d’analyse de la SNE comme réponse institutionnelle à cette crise et catalyseur d’une nouvelle perspective de développement. Classification JEL : O13 ; P28 ; Q01 ; Q56 ; Q58
The pattern of hippocampal neuronal, LTP and unilateral labyrinthectomy in male rats: the role of exercise and curcumin
Authors: Khalaji N. , Aminpour G. , Pourheydar B. , Abdollahzade N. , Parsaie H. , Derafshpour L.
Published: July 2022

A wide range of cognitive disorders, long-term potentiation (LTP) disorders, and biochemical changes have been reported in labyrinthectomy situations in the hippocampus of rodents. In order to investigate whether exercise and/or curcumin induce LTP and increase neurons in the hippocampus of unilateral labyrinthectomy male rats, after undergoing labyrinthectomy, animals were subjected to treadmill exercises after the intraperitoneal injection of curcumin five days per week, for 30 days. An increase of LTP and neuron count of the hippocampus was observed in unilateral labyrinthectomy rats. Interestingly the combination of exercise and curcumin did not enhance LTP in unilateral labyrinthectomy rats. These findings demonstrated that treadmill exercise and curcumin individually, significantly affect reinforcement of many of the pathological processes playing a role in increasing memory in unilateral labyrinthectomy situations.
The Impact of Different Rose Bengal Formulations on Corneal Thickness and the Efficacy of Rose Bengal/Green Light Corneal Cross-linking in the Rabbit Eye
Authors: Gao Rongrong , Yan Mengdi , Chen Ming , Hayes Sally , Meek Keith M. , He Huanhuan , Chen Xueyang , Xu Wenjin , Yan Shixiang , Huang Yuyan , Ding Shengnan , Wang Qinmei , Li Junhua , Huang Jinhai
Published: July 2022

PURPOSE:

To examine central corneal thickness (CCT) changes during in vivo rose bengal-green light corneal cross-linking (RG-CXL) and compare the CXL efficacy of different rose bengal formulations.

METHODS:

After epithelium removal, the right eyes of rabbits were immersed in rose bengal solution prepared by different solvents (water, phosphate buffered saline, dextran, and hydroxypropyl methylcellulos [HPMC]) for 2 or 20 minutes, then the rose bengal distribution in the corneal stroma was analyzed by confocal fluorescence detection. During the RG-CXL process, the CCT was measured at seven time points. The left eyes served as the untreated control group. Corneal enzymatic resistance and corneal biomechanics were tested to compare the RG-CXL efficacy.

RESULTS:

The rose bengal infiltration depths were 120 and 200 µm for the 2- and 20-minute groups, respectively. CCT increased significantly after infiltration, then decreased significantly in the first 200 seconds of irradiation and decreased slowly for the next 400 seconds. The CCT of the 20-minute groups was significantly thicker than that of the 2-minute groups (
P
< .0001). All RG-CXL treatments improved the corneal enzymatic resistance and corneal biomechanics, with the effects being greater in the 20-minute groups. The inclusion of 1.1% HPMC in the rose bengal formulation helped to maintain CCT during irradiation while not affecting either the infiltration of rose bengal or the efficacy of RG-CXL.

CONCLUSIONS:

Within the range studied, RG-CXL efficacy increased with infiltration time. The incorporation of a 20-minute infiltration of 0.1% rose bengal-1.1% HPMC into the RG-CXL procedure may further improve the safety of the treatment and its prospects for clinical use.

[
J Refract Surg
. 2022;38(7):450–458.]
Best proximity points in non-Archimedean fuzzy metric spaces with application to domain of words
Authors: Ali Basit , Ali Muzammil , Hussain Azhar , George Reny , Nazir Talat
Published: July 2022

This paper deals with the existence and uniqueness of the best proximity points of nonself-mappings in the context of non-Archimedean fuzzy metric spaces. The existence of different proximal quasi-contractive mappings allowed us to generalize some results concerning the existence and uniqueness of the best proximity points in the existing literature. Moreover, an application in computer science, particularly in the domain of words has been provided.
Pricing equity warrants under the sub-mixed fractional Brownian motion regime with stochastic interest rate
Authors: Wang Xinyi , Wang Jingshen , Guo Zhidong
Published: July 2022

This paper proposes a pricing model for equity warrants under the sub-mixed fractional Brownian motion regime with the interest rate following the Merton short rate model. By using the delta hedging strategy, the corresponding partial differential equations for equity warrants are obtained. Moreover, the explicit pricing formula for equity warrants and some numerical results are given.
Increase in Potential Low-value Magnetic Resonance Imaging Utilization Due to Out-of-pocket Payment Reduction Across Income Groups in Korea: An Experimental Vignette Study
Authors: Shin Yukyung , Lee Ji-su , Do Young Kyung
Published: July 2022

Objectives: This study examined the effect of out-of-pocket (OOP) payment reduction on the potential utilization of low-value magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) across income groups.Methods: We conducted an experimental vignette survey using a proportional quota-based sample of individuals in Korea (n=1229). In two hypothetical vignettes, participants were asked whether they would be willing to use MRI if they had uncomplicated headache and non-specific low back pain, each before and after OOP payment reduction. To account for the possible role of physician inducement, half of the participants were initially presented with vignettes that included a physician recommendation for low-value care. The predicted probability, slope index of inequality (SII), and relative index of inequality (RII) were calculated using logistic regression.Results: Before OOP payment reduction, the lowest income quintile was least likely to use low-value MRI regardless of physician inducement (36.7-49.6% for low back pain; 30.5-39.3% for headache). After OOP payment reduction, almost all individuals in each income quintile were willing to use low-value MRI (89.8-98.0% for low back pain; 78.1-90.3% for headache). Absolute and relative inequalities concerning potential low-value MRI utilization decreased after OOP payments were reduced, even without physician inducement (SII: from 8.15 to 5.37%, RII: from 1.20 to 1.06 for low back pain; SII: from 6.99 to 0.83%, RII: from 1.20 to 1.01 for headache).Conclusions: OOP payment reduction for MRI has the potential to increase low-value care utilization among all income groups while decreasing inequality in low-value care utilization.
Almería en Lorca
Authors: Núñez Ruiz Gabriel
Published: July 2022

En este ensayo nos hemos formulado varias preguntas relacionadas con los cursos en los que Lorca estudia su primera enseñanza en Almería con el fin de aclarar algunas inexactitudes que hemos dado por buenas a propósito de estos años. De entre dicha serie de preguntas, adelantamos las siguientes: ¿Por qué estudia Federico en esta ciudad sus primeros años? ¿Quién era su maestro Rodríguez Espinosa y a qué movimiento pedagógico deberíamos adscribirlo hoy? ¿Cuántos años y en qué colegio cursa dichos estudios? ¿Cuáles son sus primeros escritos en nuestra ciudad? ¿Cómo perviven los recuerdos de estos años y la propia Almería en su obra? Las respuestas a estos interrogantes no solo nos permiten hoy elaborar un «fechario» exacto sobre la estancia de Federico en Almería, sino también aclarar las circunstancias que lo rodean y rastrear la impronta o los recuerdos de estos cursos que aparecen en las obras posteriores del poeta.
Natural Language Processing for Mapping Exam Questions to the Cognitive Process Dimension
Authors: Mustafidah Hindayati , Suwarsito S. , Pinandita Tito
Published: July 2022

Exam questions as a test instrument to measure educational success must have good quality. This quality can be measured by the level of cognition expected of students. The level of cognition reflects the mastery of learning materials as a form of evaluation of the teaching and learning process outlined in the curriculum. For this reason, the exam questions need to be mapped into the cognitive process dimensions, namely based on the categories in the Revised Bloom's Taxonomy (RBT). The mapping method used is Natural Language Processing (NLP) as one of the fields of Artificial Intelligence development. The stages in this mapping are pre-processing, including tokenization, stemming, stop-word removal, and feature extraction using POS Tagging. The output of this mapping process is in the form of categories of test items into RBT: remembering (C1), understanding (C2), applying (C3), analyzing (C4), evaluating (C5), and creating (C6). The classification results obtained information that the exam questions prepared were still dominated at the C2 cognitive level, which was indicated by the use of operational verbs in the understanding category. The results of testing the method used produce an accuracy of 82.22%. Thus, the NLP method can classify test items into Revised Bloom's Taxonomy to determine the dimensions of students' cognitive processes.
SMAC-based Programming Learning Tool: Validating a Novel System Architecture
Authors: Rahim Salihin , Omar Saiful , Au Thien Wan , Mashud Irwan Mashadi
Published: July 2022

Although SMAC (Social, Mobile, Analytics, Cloud) allows pedagogical innovation due to its ability in expanding communication during the learning process, its exploitation for programming learning has yet to occur. Therefore, this study proposes a novel system architecture for a SMAC-based programming learning tool designed to enhance programming students’ problem-solving and collaborative skills. In evaluating the effectiveness of this architecture, this study conducted multiple two-week controlled experiments involving 71 introductory programming students. The experiment involves administering pre-and post-study surveys and tests to measure the enhancement in the two skills. The overall findings of this study indicated a statistically significant improvement in both the student’s problem-solving ability and collaborative skills. Most importantly, these findings suggest that the synergy of all four SMAC elements in a single programming learning tool has substantial benefits to programming learning.
Gamification: A Motivation Metric Based in a Markov Model
Authors: Aguiar-Castillo Lidia , Arce-Santana Edgar , Guerra-Yanez Carlos , Guerra-Yanez Victor , Perez-Jimenez Rafael
Published: July 2022

The current situation in the world with the COVID-19 pandemic has reinforced a pre-existing trend based on increasing the use of gamification tools in education to motivate students. In this work, a study based on a Markov model is proposed to assess motivation during the training process in higher education. The evolution of Faculty of Business Administration graduates when using a gamified smartphone application (HEgameApp) has been measured. The behavior of graduates is assessed through collaboration in fora created by HegameApp, and the recognition given by their classmates. A utility function is defined to obtain a statistical estimator used in the assignment of motivational states of the study participants. In addition, a decrement function is assigned to the value of the components of the utility function to estimate the time variation of motivation during the process of knowledge assimilation. The proposed solution shows that when graduates are involved in using the app, they significantly increase their academic outcomes and satisfaction while receiving the lectures. In addition, the positive feedback perceived through the application fora has a measurable effect on their motivation.
Training Mode and Quality View of High-Class Talents
Authors: Gao Xia , Wang Yufang , Lou Bingna
Published: July 2022

Building a sound system for assessing the training quality of high-class talents with talent introduction as the target is helpful for effectively analyzing the training mode of high-class talents in colleges and universities and discovering the underlying problems and weak links, thereby further optimizing the current mode, and improving the training level of high-class talents in the region. However, existing papers generally focus on macroscopic research of the training quality of high-class talents, so this paper attempts to study the training mode and quality view of high-class talents under the intervention of talent introduction policy. At first, this paper elaborated on the strategies for adjusting the training mode of high-class talents under the intervention of talent introduction policy, gave a diagram of the research model, and assessed the quality view of colleges and universities for talent training using four selected evaluation indexes, including solid knowledge base, independent research ability, rich practical ability, and sound personality and career outlook. Then, to figure out the changes in the training quality of different high-class talent training modes under the intervention of talent introduction policy, this paper built a high-class talent training quality prediction model based on Gated Recurrent Units (GRU) deep neural network, and gave the statistics of the prediction results of high-class talent training quality in the experiment. At last, this paper compared the differences in the quality view of high-class talent training of different colleges and universities under the intervention of talent introduction policy.
The Impact of Digital Marketing: A Systematic Literature Review
Authors: Qurtubi  , Melinska Ayu Febrianti  , Muchamad Sugarindra  , Anas Hidayat  , M Suyanto
Published: July 2022

The development of internet influences business, operationally and strategically. People has reached wider connection towards information. This leads to several marketing transformations, from conventional to digital technology conducted by businessmen. Yet, several marketing managers still unsure in such communications through digital channel and its impacts. This research is purposed to analyse the strategy and the content of the implementation of digital marketing, and to provide opportunity for future research. This research applies systematic literature review method towards 45 literatures. Later, it could be resumed the impacts that influence the company internally or externally in terms of global perspective, the frequent-used elements or contents in digital marketing strategies as well as the opportunity for future research to obtain comprehensive and accurate result for businessperson.
The Capabilities, Challenges, and Resilience of Digital Learning as a Tool for Education During the COVID-19
Authors: Muhammad Yasir  , Abrar Ullah  , Muhammad Siddique  , Zeeshan Hamid  , Nohman Khan
Published: July 2022

The current study's objective examines contemporary advancements in learning utilizing digital technology for educational purposes during the recent pandemic outbreak. The study analysed the challenges, capabilities, and resilience of these digital learning environments and the future of digital learning. The PRISM statement is used to select records and assess the final 37 studies for the current investigation. According to the findings, the COVID-19 pandemic posed a significant challenge to educational institutions, and online learning was a challenging work for students and teachers. The availability of a large number of digital learning platforms, on the other hand, considerably mitigates the problem. Students' and teachers' skills and capacities have grown as a result of the learning process utilising digital platforms. The current study's findings show that education in the post-COVID-19 era is heavily reliant on digital sources, and that new technologies greatly enhance the learning process.
Multimodal Biometric-Based Secured Access Mechanism for Wireless Sensor Networks
Authors: S Preetha , S V Sheela
Published: July 2022

Wireless Sensors Network’s (WSN) security is a critical concern owing to their unattended and intimidating distribution. Providing authentication to these networks with limited resources is a challenging task. Biometric based user authentication schemes with light computations and easy operations provide potential solutions. Several unimodal biometric techniques are proposed to secure WSN. Unimodal is susceptible to limited accuracy and spoofing. However, Multimodal biometric technology offers greater security. This paper proposes an algorithm combining fingerprint and iris biometric features for authentication. Registration and authentication processes using limited resources that are available at the WSN nodes are implemented. Experimentation results calculate computational overhead and are compared with existing methods.
The Effectiveness of IoT Based Wearable Devices and Potential Cybersecurity Risks: A Systematic Literature Review from the Last Decade
Authors: Mohd Fazli Mohd Sam  , Albert Feisal Muhd Feisal Ismail  , Kamarudin Abu Bakar  , Amiruddin Ahamat  , Muhammad Imran Qureshi
Published: July 2022

Wearable technology has enormous promise, particularly for data collection for cutting-edge health research, and its popularity has soared in recent years. This study aims to provide IoT-based wearable devices' effectiveness and potential cybersecurity threats to these innovative technologies. Using the PRISMA-2020 (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) methodology, we conducted a scoping study to understand better the application of inexpensive, consumer-grade wearables for health research from a population health viewpoint. Scopus databases yielded a total of 43 articles. Our findings show that academics and research participants are tremendously interested in this technology, but they are also wary about using wearables. These devices are still vulnerable to cybersecurity assaults such as data privacy and security in healthcare. However, blockchain technology is a potential alternative for integrating with IoT-based wearables to ensure data privacy. Furthermore, according to the findings, wearables have an increasingly diverse range of applications, including COVID-19 prediction, fertility tracking, heat-related sickness, pharmacological effects, and psychological therapies; they also include underrepresented populations, such as those with rare diseases. In low-resource environments, there is a lack of research on wearable devices.
Date Palm Industrial Benefits and Secondary Metabolites Production by Biotechnology Approach
Authors: El-Dawayati Maiada , Zayed Zeinab E. , Ghazzawy Hesham S. , El-Sharabasy Sherif F.
Published: July 2022

Abstract. Date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.), commonly grown in the hot arid zones predominantly in the Middle East and North Africa, became one of the highly important cultivated palms around the world, because of the multiple processing utilization of the edible fruit, and the various industry- uses of the whole tree parts. Moreover, there are intensive studies indicated the higher nutraceutical value of the essential biological compounds in the date palm tissues like (carotenoids, phenols, lignin, flavonoids, tannins and sterols) and their therapeutic aspects, such as antioxidants (lutein, β-carotene and vitamin A), antibacterial (syringic acid, vanillic acid and gallic acid), antifungal (tannic acid) and anti-cancer (quercetin) and anti-sterility (β-sitosterol and stigmasterol). Meanwhile, the biotechnology approach provides the production possibilities of the plants' secondary metabolites, using cell suspension cultures and the scale-up by bioreactors. Also, using the biotic and abiotic elicitors as important factors inducing bioactive compounds accumulation in plants tissue cultures. This review describes the progress in studying the in vitro production of some important secondary metabolites from the date palm tissues.
Single Fiber Test Behavior of Lignocellulose Sugar Palm Fibers: Effect of Treatments
Authors: Rashid Bushra , Razali Nadlene , Leman Zulkiflle , Jawaid Mohammad
Published: July 2022

This paper evaluates the influence of two types of treatments on the tensile related properties of sugar palm fiber (SPF) by using a single fiber test. Natural fibers are one of the vital reinforcing materials in polymer composites due to their positive properties. Sugar palm fiber is a kind of lignocellulose fiber that can be a good potential filler material in fibers/polymer composites for many uses. A Scanning electronic microscope was used to evaluate morphological analyses. Seawater and alkaline solution treatments were used to treat the fiber before the test. The properties of sugar palm fibers improved significantly, as the effect of alkaline concentration by 0.5% and 0.25% improved the tensile properties of a single fiber by 10% and 176%, respectively compared to the untreated fiber. On the other hand, the highest effect on sugar palm fibers was the fibers treated by seawater for 30 days by 273%. Morphologic analyses showed that the treatment plays a big role to clean the surface of the fibers and remove the undesirable impurities. Overall, the results depict that the treatments improve the tensile properties of the single SPF.