bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Defence Spending and Unemployment in the USA: Disaggregated Analysis by Gender and Age Groups
Authors: Kollias Christos , Paleologou Suzanna-Maria , Tzeremes Panayiotis
Published: March 2020

The paper examines the effects of military spending using disaggregated unemployment statistics by gender and age group for the period 1948–2017 in the case of the USA. Findings from quantile regression analysis do not seem to point to any robust evidence supporting the thesis that defence spending quashes unemployment levels. This finding appears to be the case across all groups of unemployed persons. In fact, the results suggest a negative effect on unemployment.
Clinical efficacy of 5-hydroxytryptamine 3 receptor antagonists in reducing propofol injection pain, postoperative nausea/vomiting and shivering: A meta-analysis
Authors: Zhou Wenjie , Zhou Jie
Published: March 2020

Objective To investigate the clinical efficacy of 5-hydroxytryptamine 3 (5-HT3) receptor antagonists in reducing propofol injection pain, postoperative nausea/ vomiting, and shivering through pooling the available published data.

Methods Prospective randomized clinical studies relevant to 5-HT3 receptor antagonists in reducing propofol injection pain published before June 2019 were identified from four electronic databases, Pubmed, the Cochrane central register of controlled trials, EMBASE and Wanfang. The incidence of propofol injection pain, postoperative nausea/vomiting, and shivering in patients after 5-HT3 receptor antagonists were compared to relevant control groups by pooling the individual data through random or fixed-effect models. The publication bias was assessed by funnel plot and Egger’s line regression test.

Results After screening, a total of 19 publications relevant to 5-HT3 receptor antagonists in reducing propofol injection pain and prevention of postoperative nausea/vomiting or shivering were included for analysis. The pooled results demonstrated that 5-HT3 receptor antagonists could significantly reduce the total propofol injection pain compared to placebo (RR=0.49, 95%CI:0.45-0.54, P<0.05). For mild propofol injection pain, there was no statistical difference between 5-HT3 receptor antagonists and control groups (RR=1.07,95%CI:0.89-1.29, P>0.05). However, for moderate (RR=0.37, 95%CI: 0.31-0.46, P<0.05) and severe (RR=0.19, 95%CI:0.14-0.27, P<0.05) propofol injection pain, the incidence in 5-HT3 receptor antagonists was significantly lower than that of control groups. The pooled results also indicated that incidence of postoperative nausea/vomiting (RR=0.28, 95%CI:0.17-0.44, P<0.05) and postoperative shivering (RR=0.33, 95%CI:0.23-0.48, P<0.05) were significantly reduced in 5-HT3 receptor antagonists group compared to control group with a statistical difference.

Conclusion: In this meta-analysis, 5-HT3 receptor antagonists effectively reduced propofol injection pain, postoperative nausea/vomiting, and shivering.
A Zn(II) complex with a pyridyl- and carboxylate-containing ligand: synthesis and structural characterization
Authors: Hu Tao , Zhu Xiao-Hong , Jiang Ding-Yun , Cheng Xiao-Chun , Kuai Hai-Wei
Published: March 2020

The hydrothermal reaction of Zn(II) nitrate hydrate with 5-(pyridin-4-yl)isophthalic acid (H2L) yields the complex [Zn2(L)2(H2O)2] · 2(H2O) (1), which has been characterized by single crystal X-ray diffraction, IR spectroscopic, elemental, and thermogravimetric analyses. Complex 1 exhibits a 3-nodal (3,6)-connected 2D net structure with (4.62)2(42.610.83)(63)4 topology. Its luminescence property was investigated, but the results show that the coordination to the zinc atom has no significant effect on the emission of the ligand.
The Validity of Applying a Simple Three-Factor Computational Model to Calculate Force, Power, and Speed Using Hexagonal Bar Jumps
Authors: Agar-Newman Dana J. , Tsai Ming-Chang , Klimstra Marc
Published: March 2020

Agar-Newman, DJ, Tsai, MC, and Klimstra, M. The validity of applying a simple three-factor computational model to calculate force, power, and speed using hexagonal bar jumps. J Strength Cond Res 36(8): 2108–2114, 2022—The development of athlete specific force–speed profiles can be accomplished through testing ballistic movements, enabling athlete comparisons and to direct training interventions. However, field-based assessments relying on the squat jump or countermovement jump may lack specificity for some sports or be contraindicated for some athletes. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to assess the validity of a three-factor computational model using system mass, push-off distance, and jump height to calculate force, speed, and power for the hexagonal bar (hex-bar) jump. Twenty-one university varsity rowing athletes (12 females and 9 males, 20.40 ± 2.60 years, 78.56 ± 13.68 kg, 1.77 ± 0.08 m, and strength training history of 3.57 ± 2.69 years) were purposefully sampled. Testing consisted of jumps at loads starting at 28.55 kg and increasing by 10-kg increments to 78.55 kg or until technical failure occurred. Validity was assessed by comparing the three-factor computational model to the criterion force–time measures from a force plate. The results show force (mean bias = 85.38 N, SE = 5.41, 95% confidence limit 1,576.85–1,598.19), speed (mean bias = 0.00 m·s−1, SE =

, 95% confidence limit 0.72–0.72), and power (mean bias = 73.36 W, SE = 3.90, 95% confidence limit 1,166.61–1,181.97) can be computed using a three-factor computational model using the hex-bar jump. In conclusion, jump height from a hex-bar jump can be used with a simple three-factor computational model to calculate valid measures of force, speed, and power. This allows practitioners in the field to use a movement that may be more sport-specific or safe, to calculate kinetic and kinematic measures without encountering the issues of cost and portability associated with force plates.
Covalent Functionalization of Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes for Dispersion in Cement Pastes
Authors: Liu Hui , Wang Jianfeng , Cui Suping , Wang Jiachen
Published: March 2020

Covalent functionalization of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) were obtained through acidification, γ-Methacryloxypropyl trimethoxy silane (KH-570) treatment, and free radical polymerization using methyl allyl polyethenoxy ether (HPEG). Fourier-transformed infrared spectroscope was employed to determine the composition and structural changes of MWCNTs after modification. The dispersion of MWCNTs modified by HPEG in water at pH∼13 was determined by UV-vis-NIR. In addition, the effects of modified MWCNTs on cement hydration were investigated to describe the dispersibility of MWCNTs in cement pastes indirectly. Results show that oxygen functional groups generated on the surface of MWCNTs after acidification and KH-570 grafted on acidified MWCNTs through ≡Si–O–C≡ before radical polymerization with HPEG. MWCNTs modified by HPEG exhibit better dispersibility than pristine MWCNTs in a simulated cement pastes environment prepared at pH∼13. The additions of functionalized MWCNTs (P3-S-MWCNTs) promote the hydration of cement pastes indicated from isothermal conduction calorimeter measurement and X-ray diffraction analysis. Scanning electron microscopy observation confirmed the good dispersibility of functionalized MWCNTs in cement pastes. The promoting effect on cement hydration of P3-S-MWCNTs may attribute to the well-dispersed MWCNTs. The dispersed MWCNTs can act as the nucleating agent for carbon-sulfur-hydrogen and carbon-hydrogen, thus promoting the hydration of cement.
New Treatment for Driveline Infection Following Implantation of a Ventricular Assist Device
Authors: Sezai Akira , Unosawa Satoshi , Taoka Makoto , Osaka Shunji , Kitazumi Yoshiki , Suzuki Keito , Nakai Toshiko , Tanaka Masashi
Published: March 2020

In patients with an implantable ventricular assist device (VAD), driveline infection (DLI) is a challenging complication. Once DLI occurs, it may lead to pump contamination and/or septicemia, which means that early treatment is essential. We hereby report our initial experiences of a mechanically-powered portable negative pressure wound therapy system (Smart Negative Pressure: SNaPTM) to treat DLI at an outpatient clinic.
Understanding the Genetic Domestication History of the Jianchang Duck by Genotyping and Sequencing of Genomic Genes Under Selection
Authors: Wang Lei , Guo Jiazhong , Xi Yang , Ma Shengchao , Li Yanying , He Hua , Wang Jiwen , Han Chunchun , Bai Lili , Mustafa Ahsan , Liu Hehe , Li Liang
Published: March 2020

The Jianchang duck is mainly distributed in Southwest China, and has the characteristics of fast growth rate and strong abilities in lipid deposition in the liver. In order to investigate the effects of domestication process on formation of the unique characteristics of Jianchang duck, the whole genome of sixteen individuals and three pooling of Jianchang duck were re-sequenced, and genome data of 70 mallards and 83 domestic ducks from thirteen different places in China were obtained from NCBI. The population stratification and evolution analysis showed gene exchanges existed between the Jianchang and other domestic duck populations, as well as Jianchang ducks and mallards. Genomic comparison between mallards and Jianchang ducks showed genes, including CNTN1, CHRNA9, and SHANK2, which is involved in brain and nerve development, experienced strong positive selection in the process of Jianchang duck domestication. The genomic comparison between Jianchang and domestic duck populations showed that HSD17B12 and ESM1, which affect lipid metabolism, experienced strong positive selection during the domestication process. FST analysis among populations of Jianchang duck with different plumage colors indicated that MITF was related to the phenotype of a white feather, while MC1R was related to the phenotype of hemp feather. Our results provided a base for the domestication process of Jianchang duck and the genomic genes for unique traits.
Feasibility of Formation of Ge1-x-y Six Sny Layers With High Sn Concentration via Ion Implantation
Authors: Randall L. Holliday  , Joshua M. Young  , Satyabrata Singh  , Floyd D. McDaniel  , Bibhudutta Rout
Published: March 2020

By increasing the Sn concentration in Ge1-ySny and Ge1-x-ySixSny systems, these materials can be tuned from indirect to direct bandgap along with increasing electronic and photonic properties. Efforts have been made to synthesize Sn-Ge and Ge-Si-Sn structures and layers to produce lower energy direct bandgap materials. Due to low solid solubility of Sn in Ge and Si-Ge layers, high concentrations of Sn are not achieved by traditional synthesis processes such as chemical vapor deposition or molecular beam epitaxy. Implantation of Sn into Si-Ge systems, followed by rapid thermal annealing or pulse laser annealing, is shown to be an attractive technique for increasing Sn concentration, which can increase efficiencies in photovoltaic applications. In this paper, dynamic ion-solid simulation results are presented. Simulations were performed to determine optimal beam energy, implantation order, and fluence for a multi-step, ion-implantation based synthesis process.
Spectrophotometric Study of Polymeric DyesGels After a Gamma Irradiation Process for its Possible Use as a Radiation Dosimeter
Authors: A L Meléndez-López  , M F García-Hurtado  , J Cruz-Castañeda  , A Negrón-Mendoza  , S Ramos-Bernal  , A Heredia
Published: March 2020

This work aims to evaluate a dosimetric system composed of green malachite supported in agarose. Previous work showed that solutions of green malachite irradiated at 1 to 40 kGy present a linear behavior. This system is a gel composed of green malachite (2.5×10–3 M), sodium benzoate (1%),and agarose (1%) that was exposed tovarious doses of gamma irradiation. The irradiated systems were measured with a UV-V is spectrophotometer at 619 nm. Experimental parameters (such as dose rate, doses, and temperature) were controlled and optimized for reproducible and reliable results. More studies are needed to propose a dosimeter in the system in the range of 1.8 to 4.0 kGy.
Stability of Glycine in Saline Solutions Exposed to Ionizing Radiation
Authors: Laura Patricia Cruz-Cruz  , Alicia Negrón-Mendoza  , Alejandro Heredia-Barbero
Published: March 2020

The stability of biologically important molecules, such as amino acids, being subjected to highradiation fields is relevant for chemical evolution studies. Bodies of water were very important in the primitive Earth. In these bodies, the presence of dissolved salts, together with organic molecules, could influence the behavior of the systems in prebiotic environments.The objective of this work is to examine the influence of sodium chloride on the stability of the amino acid glycine when subjected to high radiation doses. The analysis of the irradiated samples was followed by HPLC coupled with a UV-VIS detector. The results show that glycine in aqueous solutions (without oxygen) decomposed around 90% at a dose of 91 kGy. In the presence of salts, up to 80% of the amino acid was recovered at the same dose. Laboratory simulations demonstrate a protective role for sodium chloride (specifically the chloride ion) to glycine against an external source of ionizing radiation.
Analysis of Indoor Radon Distribution Within a Room By Means of Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) Simulation
Authors: A. Lima Flores  , R. Palomino-Merino  , V.M. Castano  , G. Espinosa
Published: March 2020

Radon gas is recognized by international organizations such as the United States Environmental Protection Agency (US-EPA) as the main contributor of radiation environmental to which human beings are exposed. Therefore, the evaluation of indoor radon concentration is a matter of public interest. The emanation and the income of the gas inside a room will generate a negative impact on the quality of the air when the place is not properly ventilated. Understanding how this gas will be distributed inside the room will allow to predict the spatial and temporal variations of radon levels and identify these parameters will provide important information that researchers can be used for calculate radiation dose exposure. Consequently, this studies can prevent a health risk for the people that live or work within the room. Currently, several researchers use the technique called Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) to simulate the distribution of gas radon, making use of the various commercial programs that exist in the market. In this work, three simulations were developed in rooms that have a similar geometry but different dimensions, in order to observe how the gas is distributed inside a closed space and to analyze how this distribution varies when the volume of the place is increased. The results show that as the volume of the site increases the radon is mitigated more rapidly and therefore has lower levels of concentration of this gas, as long as the level of radon emanation is kept constant.
Stability of Pyruvic Acid Adsorbed Onto Clays and Exposed to Ionizing Radiation: Relevance in Chemical Evolution
Authors: R. C Acosta-Fernández  , A. Heredia-Barbero  , A. Negrón-Mendoza
Published: March 2020

Chemical evolution studies focus on the synthesis and stability of organic molecules during various transformative physicochemical processes. Gaining insight into the possible mechanisms behind these processes requires the use of various energy sources and catalysts that can produce such transformations. In this work, ionizing radiation (60Co) was used as a source of energy, and two clays with different exchangeable cations-sodium and iron (III)-were combined with pyruvic acid, a key alpha keto acid in metabolism. The samples of pyruvic acid were prepared at a concentration of 0.01 M; then, adsorption experiments were carried out by combining sodium or iron montmorillonite at different times. The amount that adsorbed onto iron montmorillonite was greater than the amount that adsorbed onto sodium montmorillonite. Samples of alpha keto acid at the same concentration were irradiated-in the absence of clay-at 0 to 146.1 kGy and at two pHs (6.7 and 2.0). The suspended samples with sodium and iron clay were then irradiated at the same doses. The results show that keto acid decomposes more quickly at more acidic pHs. The main reaction to irradiation without clay involves the dimerization of pyruvic acid, and 2,3-dimethyltartaric acid is the majority product. When irradiated in the presence of clay, the main reaction is decarboxylation, and acetic acid is the majority product. The exchangeable cation type modifies the interactions between the organic molecule and the solid phase. The percentage of recovered pyruvic acid is higher for iron montmorillonite than for sodium montmorillonite.
Effect of Laser Radiation on Biomolecules
Authors: E. Prieto  , L. X. Hallado  , A. Guerrero  , I. Álvarez  , C. Cisneros
Published: March 2020

Time of flight laser photoionization has been used to study the response of some molecules of biological interest under laser radiation. One of the questions of great interest today is the effect of radiation on DNA and RNA molecules. Damage to these molecules can be caused directly by radiation or indirectly by secondary electrons created by radiation. As response of the radiation field fragmentation process can occur producing different ions with kinetic energies of a few electron volts. In this paper we present the results of the interaction of 355nm laser with the nitrogen bases adenine(A) and uracil(U) using time-of-flight spectrometry and the comparison of experimental results on the effects of laser radiation in (A) and (U) belonging to two different ring groups, purines and pyrimidines respectively,which are linked to form the AU pair of the RNA.
Study of CT Images Processing with the Implementation of MLEM Algorithm using CUDA on NVIDIA’S GPU Framework
Authors: T. A. Valencia-Pérez  , J. M. Hernández-López  , E. Moreno-Barbosa  , B. de Celis-Alonso
Published: March 2020

In medicine, the acquisition process in Computed Tomography Images (CT) is obtained by a reconstruction algorithm. The classical method for image reconstruction is the Filtered Back Projection (FBP). This method is fast and simple but does not use any statistical information about the measurements. The appearance of artifacts and its low spatial resolution in reconstructed images must be considered. Furthermore, the FBP requires of optimal conditions of the projections and complete sets of data. In this paper a methodology to accelerate acquisition process for CT based on the Maximum Likelihood Estimation Method (MLEM) algorithm is presented. This statistical iterative reconstruction algorithm uses a GPU Programming Paradigms and was compared with sequential algorithms in which the reconstruction time was reduced by up to 3 orders of magnitude while preserving image quality. Furthermore, they showed a good performance when compared with reconstruction methods provided by commercial software. The system, which would consist exclusively of a commercial laptop and GPU could be used as a fast, portable, simple and cheap image reconstruction platform in the future.
Study of the Erosion of Copper by Hot Plasma
Authors: R. S. Monzamodeth  , B. Campillo
Published: March 2020

An exhaustive study of the erosion process of a copper cathode exposed to a hot plasma column of 2kJ of energy (T≈0.5-2.0keV) and high electron density (n≈1019-1022cm3) was made, as well as, the radiation field of charged and neutral particles. The characterization of the cumulative damage generated by the plasma/cathode interaction was made by the use of metallographic techniques, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and by the analysis of mechanical properties. Damage accumulation produced by the impacts of deuterium plasma discharge created in the copper electrode a deep cavity similar to a crater, modifying the morphology of the surface and below it. The microhardness Vickers test was carried out making indentations from the final part of the cavity to cover 1 cm with indentations every 200 μm. Different areas of hardening were observed, the profile suggests a hardening/recovery front and simultaneous recrystallization in the sample, phenomenon associated with the heating/cooling cycles to which the copper cathode is subjected. Images were captured by SEM at different distances from the center of the surface. The region that showed involvement at the macro level corresponds to 2/3 of the radius of the sample from the center to the outside. These phenomena studied are important to understand the nature of the plasma/wall interaction in any fusion device.
Development and Validation of an X-ray Imaging Detector for Digital Radiography at Low Resolution
Authors: Abdiel Ramírez Reyes  , Gerardo Herrera Corral  , Elsa Ordoñez Casanova  , Héctor Alejandro Trejo Mandujano  , Uzziel Caldiño Herrera
Published: March 2020

Digital X-ray detectors are required in different sciences and applications, however many high quality devices are expensive although high-resolution images are not always required. We present an easy way to build a detector capable of forming X-ray digital images and video with a very large area (18×18 cm2). The detector is formed by three main components: scintillator, optics lenses and CCD sensor. Basically, the device converts the X-rays into visible light which is then collected by the CCD sensor. The scintillator is Gadox type, from Carestream®, 18×18 cm2, regular type, lambda 547 nm. The optics lenses are generic, with manual focus and widely visual field. The CCD sensor has a size of 1/3″, 752 × 582 pixels, monochrome, 20 FPS, 12 bits ADC and pixel size of 3.8 μm. With the built detector and an X-ray source, we formed an X-ray imaging detection system to generate digital radiographs of biological or inert objects-examples are given-, as well as real-time X-ray video. Additionally, the spatial resolution limit was measured in terms of Modulation Transfer Function by the method of opaque edge from a lead sheet with a result of 1.1 Lp/mm. Finally using a filter, the focal spot of the X-ray source is measured, resulting in a diameter of 0.9 mm (FWHM).
Analysis of the Radon-222 Concentration and Physical-chemical Quality, in Drinking Water of Taxco, Guerrero
Authors: A. H. Ramírez  , O. Talavera  , S. Souto  , J. I. Golzarri  , G. Espinosa
Published: March 2020

In this work the determination of radon gas (222Rn) and the characterization of chemical elements in drinking water of the city Taxco was carried out. Ingesting or inhaling a small number of radionuclides, as well as water of poor chemical quality, can become a potential public health problem. We are collecting 8 samples of water from a spring, physicochemical parameters were measured in field on different days of the dry season. Measurements of 222Rn were performed in the laboratory with an AlphaGUARD equipment. The chemical quality was analyzed in laboratory too by means of mayor and minor ions, by volumetry and colorimetry. The sodium was determined by Flama Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (FAAS). Trace elements were analyzed by were determined by Atomic Emission Spectroscopy with Plasma Coupled by Induction (ICP-AES). The concentrations of 222Rn present an average of 22.06 ± 2.52 BqL-1. The results obtained from the main ions and field parameters show a type of diluted sodium-calcium-bicarbonate water. The trace elements present are very small and not exceed the limit of quantification. Radon gas is produced by the igneous rock that is the top of the stratigraphic column, of the hydric recharge. Rainwater when descending through the fractures is impregnated with 222Rn gas and accumulated in the underlying rock that has sufficient porosity to accumulate water and gas in the Chacualco´s spring.
Trends in Regionalization of Emergency Care for Common Pediatric Conditions
Authors: Cushing Anna M. , Bucholz Emily , Michelson Kenneth A.
Published: March 2020

BACKGROUND:

For children who cannot be discharged from the emergency department, definitive care has become less frequent at most hospitals. It is uncertain whether this is true for common conditions that do not require specialty care. We sought to determine how the likelihood of definitive care has changed for 3 common pediatric conditions: asthma, croup, and gastroenteritis.

METHODS:

We used the Nationwide Emergency Department Sample database to study children <18 years old presenting to emergency departments in the United States from 2008 to 2016 with a primary diagnosis of asthma, croup, or gastroenteritis, excluding critically ill patients. The primary outcome was referral rate: the number of patients transferred among all patients who could not be discharged. Analyses were stratified by quartile of annual pediatric volume. We used logistic regression to determine if changes over time in demographics or comorbidities could account for referral rate changes.

RESULTS:

Referral rates increased for each condition in all volume quartiles. Referral rates were greatest in the lowest pediatric volume quartile. Referral rates in the lowest pediatric volume quartile increased for asthma (13.6% per year; 95% confidence interval [CI] 5.6%–22.2%), croup (14.8% per year; 95% CI 2.6%–28.3%), and gastroenteritis (16.4% per year; 95% CI 3.5%–31.0%). Changes over time in patient age, sex, comorbidities, weekend presentation, payer mix, urban-rural location of presentation, or area income did not account for these findings.

CONCLUSIONS:

Increasing referral rates over time suggest decreasing provision of definitive care and regionalization of inpatient care for 3 common, generally straightforward conditions.
AUSENCIAS Y CONCENTRACIONES EN EL UNIVERSO MEDIÁTICO COSTARRICENSE
Authors: Garro Rojas Lidieth , Solís Solís Lilliana
Published: March 2020

En este artículo se analizan las principales características del sistema de medios costarricense, entre estas, la concentración geográfica y la exclusión en el uso del espectro radioeléctrico. La información fue recabada y verificada mediante llamadas telefónicas, así como a través de Internet y redes sociales, entre los meses de octubre de 2018 y febrero de 2019. Entre otros aspectos se constata que la mayoría de los medios se ubican en la provincia de San José y están ausentes en 25 de los 82 cantones. También destaca que el 57% de las televisoras transmiten a través de Internet o empresas de cable y no cuentan con acceso al espectro radioeléctrico.
PERCEPCIONES Y MANIFESTACIONES DE DISCRIMINACIÓN EN EL ÁMBITO UNIVERSITARIO. UN PUNTO DE PARTIDA PARA SU ERRADICACIÓN
Authors: Jiménez Mata Silvia , Mena Gómez Sileny , Preinfalk Fernández María Luisa
Published: March 2020

Este artículo se basa en una investigación sobre el análisis de las formas de discriminación por género, etnia-raza, orientación del deseo sexual y discapacidad, en el ámbito universitario. Se efectuó durante los años 2017-2019, con el objetivo de conocer las percepciones del estudiantado de la Universidad Nacional de Costa Rica. Se utilizó un enfoque mixto de investigación por medio de la realización de grupos focales y la aplicación de un cuestionarioa una muestra probabilística de estudiantes, con lo cual se evidenció un alto grado de manifestaciones de discriminación.
“CUESTIÓN AMBIENTAL”: ENTRE LAS DEMANDAS SOCIALES Y LA FRAGMENTACIÓN DE LAS RESPUESTAS ESTATALES
Authors: Alfaro Moscoso Montserrat , Calvo Salazar Cindy
Published: March 2020

En este artículo se muestran algunos de los resultados de una investigación relacionada con las principales demandas en materia ambiental posicionadas en la agenda pública costarricense y las respuestas estatales durante el período de 1995-2015. Esta parte del estudio se realizó mediante la revisión de fuentes hemerográficas y de los Planes Nacionales de Desarrollo correspondientes al período indicado. Como principales resultados se identificaron ocho temáticas posicionadas en la discusión pública, asimismo, se presenta una fragmentación importante en las respuestas estatales en materia ambiental.
¿SE HA OBTENIDO LO ESPERADO? DESARROLLO TURÍSTICO Y CONDICIONES DE VIDA DE LA POBLACIÓN EN GUANACASTE, COSTA RICA, 1990-2016
Authors: Blanco Obando Edgar Eduardo
Published: March 2020

En el presente artículo se estudia la instauración de uno de los mayores desarrollos turísticos de Guanacaste, Costa Rica, entre los años 1990-2016, en función de las políticas neoclásicas aplicadas con el fin de generar riqueza y solventar las necesidades sociales. Mediante el análisis de trayectoria de datos estadísticos; así como, documentos teóricos y oficiales, se evidencia que a nivel social el desarrollo turístico no ha logrado solventar los problemas de pobreza, desempleo y desigualdad en la provincia de Guanacaste.
LA INVESTIGACIÓN CIENTÍFICA EN LA FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS SOCIALES DE LA UNIVERSIDAD DE COSTA RICA
Authors: Camacho Monge Daniel
Published: March 2020

En 1974, en cumplimiento de resoluciones del célebre Tercer Congreso Universitario (1972-1974) fue constituida la Facultad de Ciencias Sociales de la Universidad de Costa Rica para lo cual se reunieron varias unidades académicas —escuelas, institutos, secciones y departamentos— algunas de ellas de larga historia y tradición, que se encontraban diseminadas en distintos espacios de la Universidad. Las Segundas Jornadas de Investigación se realizaron entre el 22 al 25 de abril de 2019, año en el cual la Facultad llegó a sus cuarenta y cinco años de existencia
Perdas e desperdícios de alimentos: reflexões sobre o atual cenário brasileiro
Authors: Santos Karin Luise dos , Panizzon Jenifer , Cenci Manuela Machado , Grabowski Gabriel , Jahno Vanusca Dalosto
Published: March 2020

Resumo Mundialmente, ocorre um incremento populacional de mais de oitenta milhões de pessoas a cada ano, e o Brasil é um dos países mais populosos do mundo. Para garantir a sobrevivência humana na Terra, é preciso rever algumas atitudes relacionadas à utilização dos recursos naturais, os quais afetam diretamente a disponibilidade de alimentos, entre outras necessidades básicas. Nesse contexto, este estudo objetiva avaliar a relação entre o direito do ser humano à alimentação com as perdas e o desperdício de alimentos. Serão avaliados aspectos legais e bioéticos, além de fatores ambientais, econômicos e sociais. Também serão verificadas algumas iniciativas que estão acontecendo em direção à melhoria desses impasses – a perda e o desperdício – no Brasil e as propostas relativas a ações individualizadas. O Brasil é um dos países que mais desperdiçam alimentos no mundo e este cenário é cada vez mais agravado por diversos fatores, incluindo entraves legais que dificultam a doação de alimentos vencidos ou considerados fora do padrão para o consumo, prática que, consequentemente, reduziria a geração de resíduos orgânicos.
ENSINO DE CIÊNCIAS E INCLUSÃO: REPRESENTAÇÕES SOCIAIS DE PROFESSORAS DO ENSINO FUNDAMENTAL II
Authors: MACHADO MAÍRA SOUZA , SIQUEIRA MAXWELL
Published: March 2020

RESUMO: Este estudo foi realizado com professoras de ciências do ensino fundamental II que lecionam para alunos com deficiência nas turmas regulares, em Jequié/Bahia. Objetivou-se compreender como as docentes têm se posicionado frente à inclusão educacional. Utilizou-se a Associação Livre de Palavras e a entrevista semiestruturada para obtenção dos dados, em seguida, a Teoria das Representações Socais tipo de abordagem estruturalista subsidiou a análise de dados, por fim utilizou-se a análise de similitude. Os agrupamentos semânticos que tiveram uma alta frequência e uma baixa ordem média de evocações do termo indutor “Inclusão” foram Respeito e Direito, e para o termo “Ensino de Ciências e Inclusão” respectivamente, Direito, Metodologias diferenciadas e Aprendizagem. Os resultados indicam o reconhecimento por parte dos docentes que o ensino de ciências já possui indicíos inclusivistas.
Transcultural adaptation of the Thirst Distress Scale (TDS) into Brazilian Portuguese and an analysis of the psychometric properties of the scale for patients on hemodialysis
Authors: Sugizaki Clara Sandra de Araujo , Braga Clarice Carneiro , Freitas Ana Tereza Vaz de Souza , Peixoto Maria do Rosário Gondim
Published: March 2020

Abstract Objective: To produce a transcultural adaptation of the Thirst Distress Scale (TDS) into Brazilian Portuguese and analyze the scale’s psychometric properties for patients on hemodialysis (HD). Methods: The original scale was translated, back translated, and discussed with psychometric assessment experts. The final version was tested with 126 patients on HD and retested with 70 individuals from the original patient population. Cronbach’s alpha was used to measure the scale’s internal consistency. Reliability of thirst intensity evaluated via the visual analogue scale (VAS) was tested with Kappa statistic and the Bland-Altman plot. Reproducibility was assessed based on the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). Results: The wording of three items and the verb tenses of six had to be adjusted in the final version of the Brazilian Portuguese TDS. Comprehension of the scale by patients on HD was good, the scale’s internal consistency was satisfactory (0.84; p<0.001), agreement with a visual analogue scale (VAS) was moderate (kappa=0.44; p<0.001), and reproducibility neared perfection (ICC=0.87; p<0.001). Conclusion: Our results showed that the Brazilian Portuguese version of the scale might be used reliably. The Brazilian Portuguese version of the TDS is a practical, affordable, accessible and well-accepted tool that has a lot to offer for the management of patients with HD.
Curso de aprimoramento para enfermeiras obstétricas do Projeto Apice On: relato de experiência
Authors: Sanfelice Clara Fróes de Oliveira , Tiburcio Cristiane Alves , Anastácio Juliana Vergínia , Barros Geiza Martins
Published: March 2020

Resumo Objetivo relatar as experiências práticas vivenciadas no Curso de Aprimoramento para Enfermeiros Obstetras do projeto Apice On do Ministério da Saúde. Método estudo descritivo na modalidade relato de experiência. Os relatos foram colhidos a partir de uma pergunta norteadora em um encontro virtual das autoras. Resultados as reflexões foram agrupadas em duas principais temáticas: 1) O potencial da Enfermagem Obstétrica e 2) O cuidado como elemento principal da assistência. Conclusão e Implicações para a prática o curso é uma estratégia nacional de grande impacto para o empoderamento e visibilidade da categoria profissional da Enfermagem Obstétrica. O aprimoramento possibilitou, às enfermeiras participantes, a aquisição de habilidades práticas e segurança técnica, além de motivá-las à construção de estratégias para a superação dos modelos obstétricos que não estão alinhados às atuais recomendações científicas.
Establishment of Priority Development Areas in Transbaikalia: Problems and Prospects
Authors: Kovalchuk Lyudmila , Kravtsova Svetlana
Published: March 2020

The problem of advanced socio-cultural development of Zabaikalye Territory is considered in the context of its entering into entity composition of the Far Eastern Federal District. The need of searching the mechanisms to advance the region’s development is preconditioned by considerable lagging of Zabaikalye in the socio-economic development indicators from the FEFD entities. Establishment of the priority development areas is considered as one of such mechanisms. The possibility of their establishment is assessed in terms of the historical experience that Zabaikalye has in establishing territories and zones beneficial terms and preferences. The article makes assessment of this experience, analyses the factors that determines the results of using the mechanisms provided. It demonstrates that establishment of the territories with beneficial business terms did not exert a considerable impact on the rates of economic growth and results of social development in Zabaikalye Territory during all stages. In the capacity of competitive advantages the region had to create special economic zones, free economic zones and priority development areas, the Territory used the mineral resources endowment, the geographical position at the border with PRC. In order to assess the prospects of establishing the priority development areas in Zabaikalye, the article presents the well-known theoretical approaches of P. Krugaman and N.V. Zubarevich, shows that the competitive advantages of natural character do not provide a sustainable socio-economic growth. It substantiates that acceleration of developing the territories and levelling out the socio-economic differences can be made possible on the basis of developing the human potential and the sector of social services. The authors voice concerns that in the existing terms of Zabaikalye Territory’s degradation Establishment of the priority development areas is problematic. Prospective use of the benefits and preferences claimed for in the Project of Establishment of PDA «Zabaikalye» require priority development of the social sector, provision of the social levelling-out. The need to activate the social processes and to form the regional development program that meets the complexity of the socio-economic situation is determined by the growing completion level between the microregion’s entities for attracting investment resources. In this situation, the Zabaikalye Territory’s odds to permanently take a hold on the periphery of the FEFD socio-economic development are rather high.
Aesthetic and Ethical Element of the Educational Environment as a Factor in the Formation of the Internal Motivation of a Law School Student: on the Issue
Authors: Stepanenko Diana , Arzumanov Igor
Published: March 2020

The article is devoted to the analysis of the dialectic of the ratio of the aesthetic-ethical aspects of the educational environment as a factor in the formation of the internal motivation of students at a law school. Motives are an integral part of consciousness, they mark the subjective personal specifics of an action, performing both motivation and sense-making functions. The issue is considered in the context of the definitions of «inner aesthetics» and «internal motivation», which determine the ideological priorities of an individual. It is concluded that the definition of «internal motivation» acts as an object of aesthetic and ethical education, because in the process of educational activity, an individual is the cause (source) of motivation (interest), which possesses a certain value and determines a student’s activity in the specific educational environment of the university.
Live/Dead qPCR of B. pertussis IS481 v1
Authors: MacArthur Iain , Ramkissoon Stacy , Preston Andrew
Published: March 2020

This protocol describes the use of qPCR for the quantitative determination of live B. pertussis bacteria in a sample. The method uses propidium monoazide, a compound that can cross the cell wall of dead bacteria and binds DNA following photo activation to inhibit amplification of DNA from dead bacteria. This method uses a TaqMan probe specific to IS481 to ensure maximum sensitivity due to the high copy number of the target. Although IS481 is not specific to B. pertussis for experimental purposes it provides acceptable specificity.
Isolating human intestinal crypts from biopsies for organoid generation v1
Authors: RZ Zhou Ran , Cham Candace , Koval Jason
Published: March 2020

This protocol provides details on crypt isolation from human terminal ileum and colon to robustly generate organoids.
Preparation of single cell suspensions from human intestinal biopsies for single cell genomics applications v1
Authors: RZ Zhou Ran
Published: March 2020

The protocol is adapted from Fujii's and Smillies's reports for single cell transcriptome analysis from human intestines. It provides details on acquirement of single cell suspension from epithelium and lamina propria. This methods is modified to generate appropriate meterials from patient's intestinal biopsies for sinlge-cell transcriptome and genomic applications.
Intestinal Organoid Dissociation and Nuclei Isolation for Single Cell ATAC-Seq v1
Authors: Eckart Heather , RZ Zhou Ran
Published: March 2020

This protocol provides a procedure for human intestinal organoid dissociation into a single cell suspension and nuclei isolation prior to Single Cell ATAC-Sequencing.
Library preparation from a single amplicon pool v1
Authors: Quick Josh
Published: March 2020

This is a subprotocol for generating a library from a single amplicon pool
Mouse Whole Cell Tissue Processing for 10x Genomics Platform v4
Authors: Institute for Brain Science Allen
Published: March 2020

This protocol describes how to isolate tissue from various ROI’s of the mouse brain followed by preparation of a highly concentrated single cell suspension for transcriptomic profiling on 10x Genomics platform. Note: Research reported in this publication was supported by the National Institute Of Mental Health of the National Institutes of Health under Award Number U19MH114830. The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the National Institutes of Health.
Electrode Internal Solution with Biocytin II v2
Authors: Institute for Brain Science Allen
Published: March 2020

This SOP provides instructions to prepare Internal Solution II used for simultaneous patch clamp electrophysiology experiments to probe circuit connectivity. Note: Research reported in this publication was supported by the National Institute Of Mental Health of the National Institutes of Health under Award Number U19MH114830. The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the National Institutes of Health.
Artificial Cerebrospinal Fluid VIII (ACSF.VIII) v2
Authors: Institute for Brain Science Allen
Published: March 2020

This protocol describes how to make Artificial Cerebrospinal Fluid VIII (ACSF.VIII). ACSF.VIII is used for multiple applications including incubation of fresh human brain slices prior to electrophysiological recording. Note: Research reported in this publication was supported by the National Institute Of Mental Health of the National Institutes of Health under Award Number U19MH114830. The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the National Institutes of Health.
Artificial Cerebrospinal Fluid IV (ACSF.IV) v2
Authors: Institute for Brain Science Allen
Published: March 2020

This protocol describes making Artificial Cerebrospinal Fluid IV (ACSF.IV). ACSF.IV is used for multiple applications including incubation of fresh mouse brain slices prior to electrophysiological recording. Note: Research reported in this publication was supported by the National Institute Of Mental Health of the National Institutes of Health under Award Number U19MH114830. The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the National Institutes of Health.
Artificial Cerebrospinal Fluid III (ACSF.III) v2
Authors: Institute for Brain Science Allen
Published: March 2020

Artificial Cerebrospinal Fluid III (ACSF.III) is used for applications including tissue bath solution during electrophysiological recording. Note: Research reported in this publication was supported by the National Institute Of Mental Health of the National Institutes of Health under Award Number U19MH114830. The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the National Institutes of Health.
Patch-Seq Recording and Extraction v2
Authors: Institute for Brain Science Allen
Published: March 2020

This protocol describes the process to obtain electrophysiological recordings and cellular contents from neurons in postnatal mouse and/or human brain slices. Note: Research reported in this publication was supported by the National Institute Of Mental Health of the National Institutes of Health under Award Number U19MH114830. The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the National Institutes of Health.
Pulling Pipettes using the DMZ-Zeitz Universal v2
Authors: Institute for Brain Science Allen
Published: March 2020

Protocol is used for the manufacture of glass pipettes for patch clamp electrophysiology using the DMZ-Zeitz Universal puller. Note: Research reported in this publication was supported by the National Institute Of Mental Health of the National Institutes of Health under Award Number U19MH114830. The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the National Institutes of Health.
Post Patch Clamp Slice Fixation v2
Authors: Institute for Brain Science Allen
Published: March 2020

This protocol describes the process to fix recorded/filled cells from mouse and human brain slices with 4% PFA/2.5% Glutaraldehyde in PBS for future histochemical processing. Note: Research reported in this publication was supported by the National Institute Of Mental Health of the National Institutes of Health under Award Number U19MH114830. The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the National Institutes of Health.
DAB Detection of Biocytin Labeled Tissue v2
Authors: Institute for Brain Science Allen
Published: March 2020

This protocol describes the process for diaminobenzidine (DAB) detection of biocytin filled cells. This protocol is optimized for use with brain slices cut at 350 µm thick, in which cells are first filled with biocytin (i.e., post-electrophysiological recording), fixed in 4% PFA/2.5% glutaraldehyde, and transferred to PBS until ready to stain. Note: Research reported in this publication was supported by the National Institute Of Mental Health of the National Institutes of Health under Award Number U19MH114830. The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the National Institutes of Health.
Zeiss AxioImager Multi Channel 20X Image Capture v2
Authors: Institute for Brain Science Allen
Published: March 2020

This protocol describes the capture of 20X multi-channel images using human and mouse tissue. Note: Research reported in this publication was supported by the National Institute Of Mental Health of the National Institutes of Health under Award Number U19MH114830. The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the National Institutes of Health.
Bright Field Image Capture with Zeiss AxioImager v2
Authors: Institute for Brain Science Allen
Published: March 2020

This protocol describes the system that is used to capture Z stack images which are reassembled post-processing into 3D reconstructions. Note: Research reported in this publication was supported by the National Institute Of Mental Health of the National Institutes of Health under Award Number U19MH114830. The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the National Institutes of Health.
PCR Prep from cDNA for IVT Reactions v2
Authors: Institute for Brain Science Allen
Published: March 2020

This protocol describes PCR1 and PCR2 reactions beginning with cDNA to generate transcript templates ready for IVT reaction. This protocol is written for 192 (2x96) reactions but can also be used for fewer or more reactions by adjusting the amount of materials and equipment appropriately. Note: Research reported in this publication was supported by the National Institute Of Mental Health of the National Institutes of Health under Award Number U19MH114830. The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the National Institutes of Health.