bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Urgency of Enacting Government Regulation on Community Service Sentence in Indonesian under the New Penal Code
Authors: Laia Filpan Fajar Dermawan
Published: September 2024

This research aims to contribute by providing a conceptual framework for drafting government regulations on community service sentences from an Indonesian criminal law perspective while also drawing comparisons with practices in Canada and the Netherlands. A normative legal research method is employed, involving a qualitative analysis of the collected legal materials. The findings indicate that community service sentences in Law Number 1 of 2023 signify a paradigm shift in the Indonesian criminal justice system towards a more humane and restorative approach. Comparisons with Canada and the Netherlands offer valuable insights into the effective and just imposition of community service sentences. The principles of restorative justice and utilitarianism, along with the comprehensive regulations in the Canadian Criminal Code and the Wetboek van Strafrecht, can serve as references in formulating robust government regulations in Indonesia. The urgency of establishing these government regulations is underpinned by the need for legal certainty, human rights protection, and optimization of the benefits of community service sentences for convicted individuals, ensuring that this sentence is not merely an alternative punishment but also an effective instrument in achieving the rehabilitation and social reintegration of offenders. Therefore, it is recommended that the Government promptly formulate Government Regulations on community service sentences, considering best practices from other countries and paying attention to relevant laws. It is also recommended that the House of Representatives consider amending Law Number 8 of 1981 regarding the regulation of community service sentence implementation to ensure harmony and legal clarity between the Criminal Procedure Code and the New Penal Code and to provide a solid legal basis for the Public Prosecution Service in carrying out its supervisory duties.
Low-Carbon Development of the North of Western Siberia: Climate Projects Based on Natural Solutions
Authors:   University of Tyumen, Boldyreva Natalia B. , Reshetnikova Ludmila G. , Zherebyatyeva Natalia V. , Devyatkov Anton P. , Ovechkin Danila V.
Published: September 2024

Active anthropogenic activity is one of the main causes of serious environmental problems that hinder the development of the Arctic zone of Western Siberia — the most important resource potential of the country. The implementation of climate projects based on natural solutions is one of the areas of envi-ronmentally oriented economic growth. The formation and development of sequestration business is possible if there are conditions ensuring its economic efficiency. The article estimates the costs of absorbing of 1 ton of greenhouse gases during the implementation of climate projects in the northern taiga of Western Siberia. To achieve the goal, the predicted values of carbon sequestered from the atmosphere were calculated for different project scenarios. The CO2 effect was measured and the costs of carbon sequestration by tree and shrub communities of willow, alder and pine were analyzed. Alder monocultures showed the largest volumes of CO2 uptake and the lowest costs per carbon unit according to the carbon discounting model. CO2 duration analysis shows the sensitivity of the cost per carbon unit of a climate project based on alder monocultures to changes in the discount rate. The break-even price of a carbon unit is substantiated, which allows comparing it with the market price and drawing conclusions about the economic efficiency of the climate project on carbon sequestration. The study results provide practical recommendations for making decisions about investing in nature-based climate projects for low-carbon development in northern Western Siberia. The methodological approaches disclosed in the article can be used in other regions of Russia.
Digital and Logistical Infrastructures of the Arctic Zone: Current State of Research and Ways of Development
Authors:   Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, Levina Anastasia I. , Dubgorn Alisa S. , Fadeev Alexey M. ,   Luzin Institute for Economic Problems — Subdivision of the Federal Research Center “Kola Science Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences”, Kalyazina Sofia E.
Published: September 2024

The subject of the article is the analysis of the current state of research and practice in the field of transport, logistics and digital infrastructures in the Russian Arctic. The authors consider logistic and digital infrastructures as key communication subsystems that ensure the movement of material values, people and information, and thus serve as a prerequisite for the development of the macro-region under consid-eration. The research methods used were literature review of scientific sources and analysis of the ob-tained material. A systematic literature mapping was carried out on Scopus, Google Scholar, Elibrary data-bases. Aspects of the Arctic region development, including the role of logistics and digital infrastructures in this process, are described by scientific schools of Russia, Canada, Norway, China, USA and other countries. The analysis has shown the highly variable state of the subsystems under consideration depending on the specific region, as well as the lack of a comprehensive approach to their joint development and integration. It was stated that there is no such problem statement about the development of communication subsystems of the Arctic zone. On the basis of the analysis, the key directions for the development of logistics and digital infrastructure of the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation were formulated. The authors’ recommendations, apart from the obvious tasks of developing sea routes, building and modernizing roads, railways and airports, expanding access to broadband internet and other widely discussed measures, describe the need to integrate the communication subsystems under consideration and focus on the potential of digital technologies to replace and/or supplement the logistics infrastructure in certain aspects.
Reproductive Behavior and Reproductive Attitudes of Women of Middle and Late Childbearing Age in the Far North (On the Example of the Magadan Oblast)
Authors:   Scientific Research Center “Arktika”, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Barbaruk Yuriy V.
Published: September 2024

Since the end of the last century, the northern and north-eastern regions of Russia have entered the final stage of demographic transition, in which the birth rate has fallen below the replacement level of generations, and the proportion of the elderly population has increased to its historical maximum against the background of a mass outflow of the working-age population to the central regions of the country. The demographic transition in this territory is heterogeneous and has its own specifics related to the structure of the economy and the nature of employment, migration flows, the historically established settlement pattern, unfavorable climatic and geographical conditions, and patterns of reproductive and consumer behavior. In order to study this specificity, 226 women aged 2544 were surveyed in Magadan Oblast. The subject of the study was women’s reproductive attitudes, their marital status, focus on having many children, few children or no children, identification of the expected, desired and actual number of children, factors leading to the refusal to have more children, as well as those stimulating childbearing, the problem of distribution of responsibilities in the family. The study has shown that family values are a priority for women of middle and late childbearing age, but they are associated with the demand for improved housing conditions and increased income.
Development of Instruments of State Support for ESG Projects in the Arctic Zone of the Russian Federation
Authors:   Central Russian Institute of Management, Branch of RANEPA, Golovina Tatyana A. , Matveev Vladislav V. , Avdeeva Irina L.
Published: September 2024

The Arctic zone of the Russian Federation is one of the key and promising territorial units of our country, which is of strategic importance not only for the national socio-economic system, but also for the world economy as a whole. For this reason, regional and federal authorities are continuously working on the issues of improving the efficiency of management of socio-economic development of this territory. One of the urgent directions is socio-ecological-economic development of the Arctic zone, which is impossible without appropriate support of public authorities and involvement of business structures and population in these processes. Special attention should be paid to the issues of resource support, including the stimulation of investment processes, in order to implement the ESG-agenda. The purpose of this study is to formulate scientific and practical recommendations for the development of the system of state support for ESG-projects, which are the driver of investment and environmental climate formation in the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation. The study proposes a toolkit of state support for ESG-projects, in which the key role is given to tax preferences for investors, as well as subsidizing the costs of residents at the expense of the regional and federal budgets and preferential conditions for attracting borrowed funds. The application of the proposed tools will not only allow business structures investing in the implementation of projects of socio-ecological-economic orientation in the Arctic zone to receive additional benefits, but will also become an incentive to reach full project capacity, which will achieve a synergistic effect in the form of profit for business entities and socio-economic effect for the authorities and the population in the form of new jobs, developed infrastructure and revenue to budgets at various levels.
THE HISTORICAL TOPOGRAPHY OF THE KHAZOR ZHUSH MONUMENT
Authors:   Senior researcher at the Samarkand Archaeological Institute. Doctor of Philosophy in Historical Sciences, PhD, Uzbekistan, Pulatovich Aslanov Abduvali
Published: September 2024

when studying the history of a particular area or monument, it is important to pay attention to what it’s natural-geographical and economic-political place in the region is, in addition to focusing on the coverage of the same monument in written sources, its archaeological study. Only then will we be able to properly restore the historical landscape of the monument that we want to explore. Any archaeological site, whether it is an ordinary village or a large city, can take its place in the region on the basis of certain laws. This article examines the historical topography of the Khazor Zhush, a medieval monument located in the northern part of Samarkand, Sogdia. It is known that in the Middle Ages there were dozens of large and small towns, villages and towns in Samarkand Sogdiana. They also served as important regional economic hubs, depending on certain natural, geographical and economic conditions. Local and Arab-Persian written sources have brought us a huge amount of valuable information about the local conditions of Samarkand-Sogdiana, their center, and their economy. Based on the information provided in these sources, it is possible to get an idea of the economic and political role of the cities of Sogdiana, their importance in the Silk Road system. The article highlights the study of the Khazor Zhush monument in the sources, its archaeological description and economic and political significance in Central Sogdia.
MODERN PROBLEMS AND PROSPECTS FOR CRIMINAL LEGAL REGULATION OF LIABILITY FOR THE ILLEGAL TRANSFER OF NARCOTIC DRUGS OR PSYCHOTROPIC SUBSTANCES
Authors:   Associate Professor of the Department of Criminal Law of the Academy of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Rasulev Akbar A.
Published: September 2024

Among the effective means of combating crime, criminal law is the particular importance. One of the methods used to achieve its objectives is the application of criminal legal sanctions to persons who have committed socially dangerous acts. Strict observance of the rule of law and ensuring reliable protection of the legitimate rights and interests of the individual, society and the state are the key to directions of modern criminal policy. This requires a clear and justified application of legislation, including criminal law, which serves as the legal basis for the classification of crimes.
Kontrollü Ortamlarda Tarımsal Üretim
Authors: Öztürk Hasan Hüseyin
Published: September 2024

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The state of the property insurance market of Ukraine in the conditions of war
Authors: REDKO Denys
Published: September 2024

Introduction. The paper highlights the theoretical and methodological foundations of the functioning of the property insurance market in Ukraine. It was determined that property insurance is of crucial importance for raising the standard of living of the population and creating a strong system of protection of state finances, ensuring the stability of the country's economy.
The purpose of the paper is to determine the essence of insured property and research the state of the property insurance market of Ukraine during the period of martial law.
Results. The current trends in the development of property insurance in Ukraine are considered. The paper examines and analyzes the current state of the property insurance market of Ukraine and the main indicators of insurance activity for 2021-2023. It was determined that property insurance is the largest branch of the insurance market of Ukraine, and despite all the problems related to the war, the Ukrainian insurance market continued active recovery in 2023.
The main problems of the property insurance market, which restrain its development, are identified, directions for its improvement and further development are proposed. In order to develop the insurance property of Ukraine after the war, it was proposed to soften the regulatory requirements for calculating contributions, reduce the tax burden on insurance activity, strengthen the control of insurance payments, and ensure the possibility of preferential lending.
Conclusions. Analysis of the development of property insurance in Ukraine in recent years allows us to come to the disappointing conclusion that the war significantly affected the development of property insurance, there was a significant decrease in insurance premiums and insurance payments in 2020. But in 2023, the property insurance market of Ukraine began to grow, which indicates its readiness for adaptation and recovery in the post-war years.
Analysis of the use of artificial intelligence in the digital financial environment in Ukraine
Authors: LISHCHUK Nataliia , KATUNINA Olha , SEMENETS Ivan
Published: September 2024

The integration of artificial intelligence (AI) in the digital financial environment of Ukraine presents numerous opportunities and challenges. The purpose of the paper is to analyze the current state and future prospects of AI applications in the Ukrainian financial sector. By examining successful case studies, the study will evaluate the effectiveness of AI implementations in banks and financial institutions. Key success factors and barriers to AI adoption will be identified, providing insights into best practices and common pitfalls. The regulatory landscape is crucial for fostering innovation while ensuring security and compliance. This research will explore the existing regulatory framework in Ukraine, identifying gaps and proposing recommendations to enhance the legislative support for AI advancements in the financial sector. Understanding how regulations can balance innovation with consumer protection is essential for sustainable growth. Data protection and cybersecurity are critical issues in the digital financial environment. The study will investigate the impact of AI on these areas, assessing how AI technologies can both bolster and threaten security measures. By analyzing current strategies and technologies used to protect financial data, the research will offer insights into improving cybersecurity in AI-driven financial services. Additionally, the social and economic implications of AI adoption will be explored. The research will examine how AI affects employment in the financial sector, considering both the potential for job displacement and the creation of new roles. The changing skill requirements and the need for workforce retraining will be discussed, emphasizing the importance of education and training programs to prepare for an AI-driven economy. Furthermore, the study will delve into the ethical considerations surrounding AI use in finance. Issues such as algorithmic bias, transparency, and accountability will be analyzed to ensure that AI applications are fair and equitable. By addressing these ethical concerns, the research aims to contribute to the development of responsible AI practices in the financial industry. In conclusion, this research will provide a comprehensive analysis of AI in the digital financial environment of Ukraine. By addressing the technological, regulatory, security, social, and ethical dimensions, the study aims to offer a holistic view of AI’s impact and potential in the Ukrainian financial sector. The findings will be valuable for policymakers, financial institutions, and technology developers, guiding them towards effective and responsible AI integration.
Subjective signs of criminal offense provided by art. 374 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine
Authors: SOBCHUK Anton
Published: September 2024

It is noted that in order to establish the content of the right to defense, it is necessary to examine the subjective signs of the criminal offense provided for in Art. 374 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine. It is emphasized that the subject of violation of the right to defense is special and clearly defined in Art. 374 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine - investigator, investigator, prosecutor, judge. The signs of a violation of the right to defense by a special subject have been determined. The prerequisites for the legality of a person occupying the position of inquirer, investigator, prosecutor, judge, as well as the peculiarities of the legal personality of a special subject of a criminal offense provided for in Art. 374 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine. The qualified composition of this criminal offense was analyzed. It was determined that the purpose and motive of the violation of the right to defense are not important for the qualification of a criminal offense under Art. 374 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine.
It is noted that the absence of signs of a special subject in a person excludes the possibility of bringing him to criminal responsibility as the perpetrator of a crime that can be committed by a special subject, it is expedient to agree with those scientists who maintain the position that the issue of recognition of a person who is a general subject of a crime, a co-perpetrator of a crime with a special subject should be decided individually, based on specific circumstances, taking into account the specifics of the objective features (objective side) of the crime.
The subject of violation of the right to protection is special, the characteristics of which are defined in Part 2 of Art. 18 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine, according to which the special subject of a criminal offense is a convicted natural person who committed a criminal offense at the age from which criminal responsibility can arise, the subject of which can only be a certain person. Taking into account the above, it can be stated that the inquirer, investigator, prosecutor, judge as special subjects are not only characterized by the features of a general subject, such as age and sanity, but also belong to persons with special legal personality - the ability of a person in to acquire a certain legal status and act as a bearer of the subjective rights and legal duties of an inquirer, investigator, prosecutor, judge.
Signs of simple premeditated murder under the criminal law of Ukraine
Authors: PLYSIUK Nataliia
Published: September 2024

Issues related to the characterization and analysis of the main signs of simple premeditated murder under the criminal law of Ukraine are investigated. An obligatory integral feature of intentional murder, including its simple composition, is its illegality. The wrongfulness of murder, like any other criminal offense, is determined by guilt and punishment. Illegality means the prohibition by the criminal law norm of committing this or that act under the threat of punishment for it. For a detailed and comprehensive analysis of this or that criminal law norm, in our case the norm that provides for the so-called simple murder, it is important first of all to establish the signs that in their totality form the composition of a specific criminal offense. It is worth noting that for the correct criminal-legal qualification, the most optimal and justified is the analysis of the signs of the composition of the criminal offense by the elements of this composition. The paper uses a number of methods of scientific knowledge: hermeneutic, historical-legal, systemic, dialectical, functional, formal-logical analysis. The murder of a person, provided for in part 1 of Article 115 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine, in the theory of criminal law is called murder without mitigating and aggravating circumstances or the main component of murder, simple component of murder (simple murder) or component of murder without qualifying features. Part 1 of Article 115 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine is a general norm in relation to other forms of intentional murder, i.e., it formulates the generic form of murder, from which qualifying features are already distinguished, i.e. qualified forms of intentional murder (Part 2 of Article 115 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine) and privileged composition of intentional murders (Articles 116-118 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine), which in turn are special norms. When establishing the features that make up simple intentional murder as an independent criminal offense, one should first of all pay attention to its objective and subjective features. The murder of another person, which entails responsibility under Part 1 of Article 115 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine, must be distinguished from other forms of murder, when committed, for example, an assault is made on a special victim.
Influence of Pesticides Contamination on Microbial Population of Selected Farmlands
Authors: Uneze Daberechi Peculiar , Kugbenu Gbenga Julius , Obire, Omokaro
Published: September 2024

Pesticides play a pivotal role in agriculture by combating various pests and increasing crop yields. However, extensive use of pesticides can result in unintended consequences, including potential impact on soil microbes. This study was aimed at investigating the influence of pesticides contamination on microbial population of farmlands in Otuoke, Nigeria. Soil samples were collected from four pesticide treated farmlands designated Bakery 1, Bakery 2, Dorcas, and PGS. A farmland without pesticide treatment served as Control. Microbial population, physiochemical parameters and pesticide residue of samples were investigated using standard techniques. Results revealed significant differences in microbial populations between pesticide-contaminated soils and control. The highest bacterium isolated and occurrence (%) in each location was; Streptomyces coelicolor 42(45.7%), Proteus vulgaris 179(59.9%), Streptomyces scabies 41(38.7%), Streptococcus pyrogenes 101(44.7%), and Pseudomonas aeruginosa 69(40.6%) for Bakery 1, Bakery 2, Dorcas, PGS, and control respectively. Highest fungus isolated and occurrence (%) was; Rhodotorula glutini 51(82.3%), 31(77.5%), and 43(81.1%) for Bakery 1, Bakery 2, and Dorcas respectively; and Candida tropicalis 25(80.6%) and Lichtheimia hyalospora 4(28.6%) for PGS and Control respectively. Pesticide analysis showed that Paraquat dichloride, Endosulfan, Diazinon, and N-(phosphonomethyl) glycine were present in the soil samples with about 75% residue. Site-specific pesticide concentrations varied in soil samples, with Bakery 1 having the highest concentrations Endosulfan and Diazinon, bakery 2 had highest concentration of N-(phosphonomethyl) glycine, and PGS had the highest concentration of Paraquat. Physiochemical characteristics showed that temperature ranged from 28.70 – 26.70°C, electrical conductivity 508 – 365µS/cm, moisture content 7.50 - 3.10%, pH 6.90 -3.90, and organic matter 4.70 – 3.00%. Decreasing order of cation exchange capacity (CEC) in farmlands was PGS > Bakery 2 > Bakery 1 > Dorcas > Control. There was no significant difference (p > 0.05) in each parameter between locations
Climatic Variations and Indoor Environmental Quality Performance of Houses in Selected Cities in Oyo State, Nigeria
Authors: Ayinla Abdulrasaq Kunle , Kalilu Razak Olatunde Rom , Amole Dolapo
Published: September 2024

Understanding how climatic variations influence Indoor Environmental Quality (IEQ) becomes crucial for designing sustainable and comfortable living spaces in this specific region. This study therefore investigates the effect of climatic variations on IEQ performance of houses in selected cities within Oyo State, Nigeria. The types of data collected for the study were numeric and ordinal. The numeric data of air temperature, relative humidity, air velocity and noise level, were gotten through objective measurements and IEQ through IEQ Calculator. The ordinal data were gotten through observation and questionnaire. Control Potential Zone technique on psychometric chat was used to analyze climate of Ibadan, Ogbomoso and Kisi. The physical measurements were conducted in the living, bedroom and kitchen spaces of the sampled houses in the low, medium and high residential density zones of the selected cities. A sample size of 581 houses from 3,490 were selected across each of the three residential density zones in the selected cities. The indoor temperature and relative humidity in the three cities were higher during the afternoon period with average thermal stress index of 39.40C, 36.90C and 38.40C respectively for Ibadan, Ogbomoso and Kisi respectively. None of the spaces satisfied the effective indoor ventilation comfort criteria of between 0.5m/s -1.5 m/s. All the spaces except the bedroom space in the compound impluvium house type satisfied the illumination range of between 50 – 60 lux. The maximum indoor noise level during the morning, afternoon and evening periods in study area were 58db, 59db and 58db respectively. Result from the IEQ calculator indicated that majority of the houses (83.6%) were star 2 in the IEQ performance. The implication was that these houses were below average in terms of IEQ performance.
Hazards Associated with Plastic Wastes in the Communities of Niger Delta, Nigeria
Authors: Emma-Anyasodo Goodluck Ngozi Onyinye , Oluyemi, O. Toyinbo , Muluneh Fashe , Best Ordinioha
Published: September 2024

The goal of this study was to investigate into the negative impacts that the presence of plastic waste in the communities located in the Niger Delta may have on the environment and human health. The following physico-chemical properties of the water, fish, sediment, and human blood samples were measured and analyzed: pH, electrical conductivity, total dissolved solids, temperature, dissolved oxygen, nitrate, and phosphate. Furthermore, an assessment of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) was included of the inquiry. Gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was used to measure the concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). The data was analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences, Version 25.0. Standard deviation, mean, and percentage were among the descriptive statistical metrics used. Furthermore, inferential statistical techniques like Turkey's Test and Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) were used to determine the presence of this correlation within a 0.05 confidence interval. The study's findings showed that polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) congeners came in 10, 9, and 11 distinct varieties in fish, water, and human blood, respectively. Therefore, it is essential to conduct routine monitoring to assess the effects that waste plastic is having on the aquatic resources and the local people in the Niger Delta. This will help evaluate how these environmental risks are now manifesting and how they affect public health.
Trend Practice of Transformation and Transfussion of Deplete Textile in Nigeria
Authors: Adeleke Mohammed Isiaka
Published: September 2024

Textile depletes were transformed into arts by textile artists in arts schools and has not been of scholarly attended to, especially in Nigeria where fashion hubs were rapidly grown which resulted into maximum fabrics squanders. This study therefore, examined textiles depletes transformed into arts in Nigeria art schools. Questionnaires were adopted to acquire information from the textile practitioners in Southwest Nigeria arts schools as well as photograph samples of their works. The items of the questionnaire used seek for the views, opinions, and observations from the textile practitioners. The total population used is stratified and sampling technique was adopted. One hundred and twenty (120) art tutors and students of textile were contacted twenty-five (25) tutors and (95) ninety-five textile students were contacted. Mean and standard deviation were adopted to analyze the data including the photographs of textile squanders turned to arts. The conclusion was raised that art unit must be given priority in curbing the environmental degradation emanated from textile fashoins and factories and their products needed to patronised by governments and individuals.
Corporate Social Responsibility Disclosures and Cost of Equity Capital Evidence from Listed Interest Taking Banks in Nigeria
Authors: Ubokudom Abasiofon Inimfon , Ukpong Eno Gregory , Ibok Nkanikpo
Published: September 2024

Disclosure of corporate social responsibility is strategic to the sustainability of any firm especially banks that have contributed to the economic development of Nigeria. When firms fail to adequately disclose their corporate social responsibility practices, providers of funds may be unaware of the risk and opportunities they are exposed to by investing in sech banks. The main objective of this study therefore was to examine the effect of corporate social responsibility disclosures on cost of equity of interest taking banks listed on the floor of the Nigerian Exchange Group from 2014-2023. The research design adopted for this study was ex post facto and secondary data were used. The population of this study consisted of 13 interest taking banks and 11 of these banks were purposively selected as the sample size. The panel regression analysis was employed in analyzing the data set and the statistical package employed was STATA version 16. The findings of this study revealed that community relations disclosures have a significant negative effect on the cost of equity capital; social donations disclosures have a positive but not statistically significant effect on the cost of equity capital while employee relations disclosures have a significant positive effect on the cost of equity capital of listed interest-taking banks in Nigeria. Based on the above findings, it was concluded that corporate social responsibility disclosures help reduce cost of equity of listed interest-taking banks in Nigeria. It was therefore recommended among others that management of these banks should be actively involved in community development and ensure transparent disclosure of these practices to stakeholders as this promote their sustainability and inclusiveness.
The effect of hair and beard on the airtightness of gas masks
Authors: Nam Hanyeol , Kang Janggyu , Lee Changryeol , Kim Sungki
Published: September 2024

This study aims to quantitatively analyze the correlation between hair and beard and the airtightness of gas masks in response to the escalating threat of chemical and biological warfare, changes in military personnel regulations, and grooming standards. Airtightness refers to the ability of a gas mask to fit snugly on the user face, thereby preventing the infiltration of harmful external substances, that is among the primary functions of the mask. Although hair and beard are known to affect the airtightness of gas masks, research is lacking in this area, domestically and internationally, and no studies have analyzed the correlation between gas mask airtightness and hair, including beards, under controlled variables. Therefore, research on the correlation between gas mask airtightness and hair, including beards, is necessary to respond to the current evolving threats. For this purpose, gas masks that passed the airtightness performance test specified in military standards were selected. The masks were fitted on a SMARTMAN (SiMulant Agent Resistant Test MANikin) mannequin head with artificial hair and beard attached, and changes in airtightness were measured based on the presence and condition of the hair and beard. The experimental results showed that the presence of hair and beard at the gas mask–face contact surface decreased the airtightness of the mask, and that the highest airtightness was observed with gas masks of the optimal size. The findings of this study can be used as an important reference material for maintaining the performance of gas masks and the combat effectiveness of the military.
Fairness and Performance of Employees in the Hospitality Industry: A Study of Umah’s Hotel & Resort
Authors: E. Akankpo Udom
Published: September 2024

The objective of the study is to evaluate the effect of fairness on employee job performance in hospitality industry. The research was carried out using purposive sampling techniques of all the sixty-one (61) employees of Umah’s Hotel & Resort, since the respondents span across the managerial, supervisory and junior staff of the company. Findings show that eighty percent (80%) of the respondents indicate that duties in the organization are not assigned based on religion or tribe. On equal reward system, 91% of the respondents are of the opinion that there is equal reward on pay and other incentives in the company. Based on the findings it is recommended that fair practices be adopted for successful increased performance, efficiency and high employee output. Management should improve communication, distribution of objectives and training of members and motivate staff for efficiency.
The Preston Strike in Literature: Dickens, Gaskell and Bamford
Authors: Poole Robert
Published: September 2024

This article maps the fictional responses of Charles Dickens, Elizabeth Gaskell and Samuel Bamford to the Preston dispute, arguing that they were based more on cultural sources than reportage. It includes the first scholarly analysis of Bamford’s contribution, three linked dialogues published in
Cassell’s Illustrated Family Paper
in 1854. This article also examines the relationship of Victorian fiction and the reading public to unrest and northern working-class life, demonstrating how ideology trumped the facts. Dickens’s priority was well crafted fiction. Gaskell attempted to base her fiction on reality, but only partly extricated herself from the assumptions of the period. Bamford, living in London at the time, was bound by his need to appeal to his middle-class audience, because of his precarious position and physical distance. He projected personal experience from an earlier period onto the Preston dispute, reinforcing the assumption that it was a strike rather than a lock-out. He knew no more of Preston than Dickens. It would take the cotton famine to shift prejudices against the northern working classes.

This article was published open access under a CC BY-NC-ND BY licence:
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
.
Reappropriating Cultural Memory of the Preston Lock-Out: Can Animation Be Used to Refocus and Reposition Historical Events Using Historical Visual Archives?
Authors: Kennedy-Parr Sarah Ann
Published: September 2024

Inspired by a collection of drawings in the Lancashire Archives about the Preston Lock-out of 1853–1854, I embarked on the creation of an animated film utilising the artwork. The objective was to contextualize the Irish women featured within the narrative and provide them with a backstory. Through analysis of these drawings – something that was absolutely necessary for making the film – I gained a deeper understanding of the social unrest and intricate societal dynamics prevailing in Preston during this period. By conveying this knowledge through the medium of moving images, I sought to share new insights into the lives of these women with a broader audience.

This article was published open access under a CC BY-ND licence:
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/
.
Manchester at 200: Student Reflections, Differing Cohorts, and Changing Times 1965–2024
Authors: Dockerill Bertie
Published: September 2024

In 2024, the University of Manchester is celebrating its ‘bicentenary’. Mindful of this and reflecting recent historiographical trends that have sought to give increased focused to the importance of ‘student voice’, the primary purpose of this article is to present the personal memories and recollections of four graduates of the University of Manchester’s History department over a sixty year period from 1965–2024. Individually and cumulatively, they provide snapshots of the changing nature of university and student experience from both individual and institutional perspectives, as well as first-hand evidence of how both have responded to the changing social and political environments in which they find themselves. In addition, and in order to provide context to this year’s celebrations, the article critiques aspects of the university’s institutional lineage and contrasts its present celebrations with traditional accounts of its founding as well as those of its predecessor organisations.
Women and the Preston Lock-Out: Not Just ‘ten per cent’
Authors: Greenlees Janet
Published: September 2024

Women and girls comprised the majority of the striking cotton operatives during the Preston lock-out of 1853–1854. While history has acknowledged women’s participation, their story has been neglected in favour of the strike’s importance to the labour movement, both locally and nationally. This article highlights how working-class women’s strike participation formed part of broader women’s activism and was motivated by labour and domestic considerations. Utilising newspapers, strike papers and contemporary accounts, this article argues that women operatives were respected co-workers with men and received equal strike pay to men – something that was reflected in later Lancashire strikes. Married women’s sustained support was influenced by a decrease in domestic violence, increased educational opportunities for children and adults, and more family time. More broadly, if we are to fully understand women’s complex decision-making related to their dual role as workers and household managers, a gendered approach to labour activism is needed.

This article was published open access under a CC BY licence:
https://creativecommons.org/licences/by/4.0
.
The Irish and the Preston Lock-Out, 1853–1854
Authors: Catháin Máirtín Ó
Published: September 2024

The Irish have long featured as a central element in British social and labour history, but an idea still prevails that it was as strike breakers rather than strike makers that they influenced British industrial relations. The great Preston strike of 1853–1854 appears to have had a crucial role in cementing that idea and the role of Irish ‘knobsticks’ became a central, as well as a very visual component, of that dispute. The story of the ‘half alive and half dead’ impoverished Irish who arrived in Preston in March 1854 seems ideally suited to the famous images produced of the lock-out and knobstick figures, but they obscure as much as they illustrate. This paper examines the role of the Irish in broader perspective between the years of the Lune Street massacre of 1842 and the close of the strike in 1854 as a series of disputes in which people from Ireland featured on both sides, and where attitudes towards the strike, strikers and strike breakers were complex, dynamic and left enduring legacies.

This article was published open access under a CC BY licence:
https://creativecommons.org/licences/by/4.0/
Malay identity in the exploration of miniature creation as souvenirs: contextual miniature of Malay architecture of North Sumatra, Indonesia
Authors: Zulkifli Zulkifli , Kartono Gamal , Misgiya Misgiya , Kifli Barli
Published: September 2024

As a testament to the past Malay glory, there are monumental architectures in Medan (North Sumatra, Indonesia), Langkat (North Sumatra, Indonesia) and Batubara Regencies (North Sumatra, Indonesia) that have become Malay icons. The city of Medan and several areas in North Sumatra are known as tourist destinations since the early 20th century. The tourism has strong potential but it has not been supported by representative souvenir products. This article discusses the preservation of Malay identity through research into the manufacture of miniatures as souvenirs. The aim is to explore the potential of Malay architectural forms to be explored in the production of miniature souvenirs to revitalize North Sumatra’s Malay identity. The replicated research methods are survey, creation (creative experiment), and conservation methods in the socio-cultural approach. Research data was collected from various sources and analyzed using an interactive model. The results of the study explain that the potential identity of Malay architecture can be mapped based on its type (function) and structure. Its exploratory potential, both technically and aesthetically, lies in the dynamic visualization of roof forms and architectural facades. As it is researched based on the iconic Malay architectural figures, the miniature products are exclusive in the form of unique souvenirs with a strong Malay identity.
Introducing rapid web application development with Oracle APEX to students of higher education
Authors: Robal Tarmo , Reinsalu Uljana , Jürimägi Lembit , Heinsar Risto
Published: September 2024

The rapid development of information and communication technologies (ICT), and enforcement of digital transformation have caused the need to develop and deliver software in even shorter time than previously, and has become crucial to businesses. Yet, this new need has caused a challenge of finding expert IT workforce able to deliver software applications due expected time. Moreover, in a rapidly changing business world, the traditional software development can no longer keep pace and provide solutions to businesses fast enough. Low-code development and inclusion of so-called citizen developers are seen as a solution for the problem. This paper explores the introduction of rapid application development courses on Oracle APEX technology to students of a European technological university. The paper discusses the implementation of the course and its design, and looks how the developed basic-level course was received by students. It is shown that the courses have been well-received by students, who based on provided feedback are satisfied with the online set up for self-regulated learning of rapid application development skills.
Photospheric Pore Rotation Associated with a C-class Flare from Spectropolarimetric Observations with DKIST
Authors: Yadav Rahul , Kazachenko Maria D. , Afanasyev Andrey N. , Cauzzi Gianna , Reardon Kevin
Published: September 2024

We present high-resolution observations of a C4.1-class solar flare (SOL2023-05-03T20:53) in AR 13293 from the Visible Spectro-Polarimeter (ViSP) and Visible Broadband Imager (VBI) instruments at the DKIST. The fast cadence, good resolution, and high polarimetric sensitivity of ViSP data provide a unique opportunity to explore the photospheric magnetic fields before and during the flare. We infer the magnetic field vector in the photosphere from the Fe i 6302 Å line using Milne–Eddington inversions. Combined analysis of the inverted data and VBI images reveals the presence of two opposite polarity pores exhibiting rotational motion both prior to and throughout the flare event. Data-driven simulations further reveal a complex magnetic field topology above the rotating pores, including a null-point-like configuration. We observed a 30% relative change in the horizontal component (δ
F

h
) of Lorentz force at the flare peak time and roughly no change in the radial component. We find that the changes in δ
F

h
are the most likely driver of the observed pore rotation. These findings collectively suggest that the back reaction of magnetic field line reconfiguration in the corona may influence the magnetic morphology and rotation of pores in the photosphere on a significantly smaller scale.
Elachista dimicatella sensu auctt.—a complex of neglected species diversity (Lepidoptera, Elachistidae) from European mountain systems
Authors: Kaila Lauri , Huemer Peter
Published: September 2024

Elachista dimicatella Rebel, 1903, has so far been considered a species in Europe with restricted distribution from Ukraine to western France. The species occurs on mountainous regions. However, the in-depth analysis of a taxonomically uncertain species of Elachista from the Cottian Alps (Italy), especially through DNA barcoding and subsequent morphological studies, led to the realization that individuals previously identified as E. dimicatella from the Cottian Alps and the Pyrenees were misidentified. According to our research, a total of three species can be differentiated: E. dimicatella from Carpathians and its former junior synonym E. niphadophanes Meyrick, 1937, sp. rev., from the Pyrenees, as well as the newly described E. cottiellasp. nov. from southwestern Alps, hitherto incorrectly identified as E. dimicatella. Diagnostic features of the three species are discussed and illustrated. Elachista dimicatella and E. niphadophanes are redescribed.
The genus Platydracus Thomson in Hainan, South China (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae, Staphylininae)
Authors: Huang Jia-Yi , Chen Jia-Wei , Tang Liang
Published: September 2024

A study on Platydracus species of Hainan Province, China is presented. Platydracus hainanensissp. nov., Platydracus aureolussp. nov. and Platydracus zhouchenglinisp. nov. are described as new species. Platydracus marmorellus Fauvel, 1895 and Platydracus subirideus Kraatz, 1859 are recorded from China for the first time. Habitus and diagnostic characters of all species are photographed, and a key to Platydracus species of Hainan is provided.
Aux limites de la lutte contre les fournaises métropolitaines
Authors: Lhomme Raphaël , Faburel Guillaume
Published: September 2024

La civilisation urbaine interroge. En franchissant tous les seuils écosystémiques, elle ne laisse d’autre choix qu’une profonde remise en question de nos modes de vie. Pour Guillaume Faburel et Raphaël Lhomme, il est urgent d’agir pour basculer dans une ère post-urbaine, ouvrant la voie à une réhabilitation des campagnes, et des villes moyennes, de la ruralité mais aussi de quelques imaginaires. Il s’agit moins de revendiquer un « retour à la terre » que de promouvoir une nouvelle manière d’habiter le monde dans des espaces singuliers, les biorégions. Mais cette nouvelle géographie n’a rien de spontanée. Les auteurs en appellent à de nouvelles alliances géo-sociales, des groupes paysans aux habitants des quartiers populaires et pavillonnaires, pour résister aux pouvoirs dévorant des métropoles mais aussi pour repolitiser des territoires subordonnés et invisibilisés. Croisons les doigts.