bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Data‐driven modeling for fatigue loads of large‐scale wind turbines under active power regulation
Authors: Yang Jian , Zheng Songyue , Song Dongran , Su Mei , Yang Xuebing , Joo Young Hoon
Published: November 2020

Advanced control methods for coordinatively optimizing active power dispatch and fatigue load distribution of wind turbines (WTs) in mountain wind farms, require the fatigue load modeling that has not been fully studied. This study proposes a data‐driven modeling method for fatigue loads of large‐scale WT under active power regulation. Firstly, load simulations based on Monte Carlo approach are conducted to overcome the uncertainty of fatigue load caused by turbulent wind. Subsequently, the target components of WT are selected according to the fatigue load dataset distribution at various power setpoints and the sensitivity to active power. Specifically, the Jarque–Bera statistic is used to evaluate the distribution characteristics of datasets; the single‐value processing determines the valid value through the maximum probability of the Gaussian kernel density distribution of the dataset; the Morris screening is employed to select the valid value with high sensitivity to active power regulation. Afterwards, arbitrary polynomial chaos expansion and support vector regression are performed to establish the data model of fatigue loads, respectively. Finally, the proposed method is applied into a 1.5‐MW commercial WT model designed by the manufacturer through the Bladed software. The obtained data‐driven model establishes a basis of simultaneously optimizing active power dispatch and fatigue load distribution, making it possible to reduce energy cost in mountain wind farms.
Accidental SO(10) axion from gauged flavour
Authors: Di Luzio Luca
Published: November 2020

Abstract

An accidental U(1) Peccei-Quinn (PQ) symmetry automatically arises in a class of SO(10) unified theories upon gauging the SU(3)f flavour group. The PQ symmetry is protected by the ℤ4 × ℤ3 center of SO(10) × SU(3)f up to effective operators of canonical dimension six. However, high-scale contributions to the axion potential posing a PQ quality problem arise only at d = 9. In the pre-inflationary PQ breaking scenario the axion mass window is predicted to be ma ∈ [7 × 10−8, 10−3] eV, where the lower end is bounded by the seesaw scale and the upper end by iso-curvature fluctuations. A high-quality axion, that is immune to the PQ quality problem, is obtained for ma ≳ 2 0.02 eV. We finally offer a general perspective on the PQ quality problem in grand unified theories.
Higher-Order Operators on Networks: Hyperbolic and Parabolic Theory
Authors: Gregorio Federica , Mugnolo Delio
Published: November 2020

We study higher-order elliptic operators on one-dimensional ramified structures (networks). We introduce a general variational framework for fourth-order operators that allows us to study features of both hyperbolic and parabolic equations driven by this class of operators. We observe that they extend to the higher-order case and discuss well-posedness and conservation of energy of beam equations, along with regularizing properties of polyharmonic heat kernels. A noteworthy finding is the discovery of a new class of well-posed evolution equations with Wentzell-type boundary conditions.
Der Doppelsuizid – Teil 2: rechtsmedizinische und kriminalistische Aspekte
Authors: Holz F. , Verhoff M. A. , Deschins J. , Duttge G. , Parzeller M.
Published: November 2020

Einleitung

Begehen zwei Menschen infolge einer gemeinsamen Entscheidung Suizid, wird dies als Doppelsuizid oder gemeinschaftlicher Suizid definiert. Die rechtsmedizinische Begutachtung hängt von den Umständen des konkreten Einzelfalls ab und kann für die rechtliche Würdigung insbesondere bei Konstellationen, bei denen ein Beteiligter überlebt hat, wichtige Hinweise liefern.

Material und Methoden

Für einen 25-Jahres-Zeitraum von 1995 bis 2019 wurden retrospektiv alle Sektionsfälle mit vollendeten und versuchten Doppelsuiziden analysiert und, soweit erhältlich, mit den Ermittlungsakten abgeglichen.

Ergebnisse

Unter den erhobenen 23 Doppelsuizidfällen fanden sich 16 vollendete sowie 7 Fälle mit jeweils einem Überlebenden. In 83 % der Fälle handelte es sich um Ehepaare bzw. eingetragene Lebensgemeinschaften, in 13 % um Personen, die sich zuvor in einer psychiatrischen Einrichtung, und in 4 % um Personen, die sich in einem „Suizidforum“ im Internet kennengelernt hatten. Der Mittelwert des Sterbealters betrug bei den Männern 57,8 und bei den Frauen 63,4 Jahre. In etwa zwei Drittel der Fälle wurden Erkrankungen als vorherrschendes Suizidmotiv angegeben. Als häufigste Methode wurde eine Intoxikation gewählt. Am zweithäufigsten fanden Schusswaffen Anwendung, wobei ausnahmslos der Mann zuerst einen oder mehrere Kopfschüsse auf seine Frau abgab, bevor er sich suizidierte. Der häufigste Sterbe- und Auffindeort war das gemeinsame Bett der Suizidenten.

Diskussion

Im Gegensatz zu Suiziden i. Allg. wurden die Doppelsuizide am häufigsten mittels einer Intoxikation als sogenannte weiche Methode verübt. In Anlehnung an die rechtsmedizinische Literatur werden für einen Doppelsuizid typische Merkmale herausgearbeitet.

Schlussfolgerung

Doppelsuizide stellen seltene Fälle in der rechtsmedizinischen Praxis dar, wobei die Abgrenzung zu einem erweiterten Suizid (Homizid-Suizid) schwierig werden kann und zugleich unabdingbar ist. Hierfür ist eine ganzheitliche Berücksichtigung der Vorgeschichte, der rechtsmedizinisch erhobenen Befunde und der kriminalistischen Umstände erforderlich.
Cognitive enhancement effects of stimulants: a randomized controlled trial testing methylphenidate, modafinil, and caffeine
Authors: Repantis Dimitris , Bovy Leonore , Ohla Kathrin , Kühn Simone , Dresler Martin
Published: November 2020

Rational

At all times humans have made attempts to improve their cognitive abilities by different means, among others, with the use of stimulants. Widely available stimulants such as caffeine, but also prescription substances such as methylphenidate and modafinil, are being used by healthy individuals to enhance cognitive performance.

Objectives

There is a lack of knowledge on the effects of prescription stimulants when taken by healthy individuals (as compared with patients) and especially on the effects of different substances across different cognitive domains.

Methods

We conducted a pilot study with three arms in which male participants received placebo and one of three stimulants (caffeine, methylphenidate, modafinil) and assessed cognitive performance with a test battery that captures various cognitive domains.

Results

Our study showed some moderate effects of the three stimulants tested. Methylphenidate had positive effects on self-reported fatigue as well as on declarative memory 24 hours after learning; caffeine had a positive effect on sustained attention; there was no significant effect of modafinil in any of the instruments of our test battery. All stimulants were well tolerated, and no trade-off negative effects on other cognitive domains were found.

Conclusions

The few observed significant positive effects of the tested stimulants were domain-specific and of rather low magnitude. The results can inform the use of stimulants for cognitive enhancement purposes as well as direct further research to investigate the effects of stimulants on specific cognitive domains that seem most promising, possibly by using tasks that are more demanding.
Transoral Thyroidectomy: Safety and Outcomes of 200 Consecutive North American Cases
Authors: Russell Jonathon O. , Razavi Christopher R. , Shaear Mohammad , Liu Rui H. , Chen Lena W. , Pace‐Asciak Pia , Tanavde Ved , Tai Katherine Y. , Ali Khalid , Fondong Akeweh , Kim Hoon Yub , Tufano Ralph P.
Published: November 2020

Background

North American adoption of the transoral endoscopic thyroidectomy vestibular approach (TOETVA) has been limited due to concerns regarding the generalizability of published outcomes, as data are predominantly from Asian cohorts with a different body habitus. We describe our experience with TOETVA in a North American population in the context of the conventional transcervical approach thyroidectomy (TCA).

Study design

Cases of TOETVA and TCA were reviewed from August 2017 to March 2020 at a tertiary care center. Outcomes included operative time, major (permanent recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) injury, permanent hypoparathyroidism, hematoma, conversion to open surgery), and minor complications. The TOETVA cohort was stratified into body mass index (BMI) classes of underweight/normal < 25 kg/m2, overweight 25–29.9 kg/m2, and obese ≥ 30 kg/m2 for comparative analysis. Multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed for odds of cumulative complication.

Results

Two hundred TOETVA and 333 TCA cases were included. There was no difference in incidence of major complications between the TOETVA and TCA cohorts (1.5% vs. 2.1%, p = 0.75). No difference was found in the rate of temporary RLN injury (4.5% vs. 2.1%, p = 0.124) or temporary hypoparathyroidism (18.2% vs. 12.5%, p = 0.163) for TOETVA and TCA, respectively. Surgical technique (TOETVA vs TCA) did not alter the odds of cumulative complication (OR 0.69 95% CI [0.26–1.85]) on logistic regression analysis. In the TOETVA cohort, higher BMI did not lead to a significantly greater odds of cumulative complication, 0.52 (95% CI [0.17–1.58]) and 1.69 (95% CI [0.74–3.88]) for the overweight and obese groups, respectively.

Conclusion

TOETVA can be performed in a North American patient population without a difference in odds of complication compared to TCA. Higher BMI is not associated with greater likelihood of complication with TOETVA.
Gynecologists’ attitudes toward and use of complementary and integrative medicine approaches: results of a national survey in Germany
Authors: Grimm Donata , Voiss Petra , Paepke Daniela , Dietmaier Johanna , Cramer Holger , Kümmel Sherko , Beckmann Matthias W. , Woelber Linn , Schmalfeldt Barbara , Freitag Ulrich , Kalder Matthias , Wallwiener Markus , Theuser Anna-Katharin , Hack Carolin C.
Published: November 2020

Purpose

Despite patients’ widespread use and acceptance of complementary and integrative medicine (IM), few data are available regarding health-care professionals’ current implementation of it in clinical routine. A national survey was conducted to assess gynecologists’ attitudes to and implementation of complementary and integrative treatment approaches.

Methods

The Working Group on Integrative Medicine of the German Society of Gynecological Oncology conducted an online survey in collaboration with the German Society of Gynecology and Obstetrics (DGGG) in July 2019. A 29-item survey was sent to all DGGG members by email.

Results

Questionnaires from 180 gynecologists were analyzed, of whom 61 were working office-based in private practice and 95 were employed in hospitals. Seventy percent stated that IM concepts are implemented in their routine clinical work. Most physicians reported using IM methods in gynecological oncology. The main indications for IM therapies were fatigue (n = 98), nausea and vomiting (n = 89), climacteric symptoms (n = 87), and sleep disturbances (n = 86). The most commonly recommended methods were exercise therapy (n = 86), mistletoe therapy (n = 78), and phytotherapy (n = 74). Gynecologists offering IM were more often female (P = 0.001), more often had qualifications in anthroposophic medicine (P = 0.005) or naturopathy (P = 0.019), and were more often based in large cities (P = 0.016).

Conclusions

There is strong interest in IM among gynecologists. The availability of evidence-based training in IM is increasing. Integrative therapy approaches are being implemented in clinical routine more and more, and integrative counseling services are present all over Germany. Efforts should focus on extending evidence-based knowledge of IM in both gynecology and gynecological oncology.
Solidarität statt Rassismus in Chemnitz
Authors: Liebscher Stephan , Corvino Juliana , Hetmank Lisa
Published: November 2020

Der Artikel lotet die Chancen und Limitationen von Kollaborationen zwischen lokalen zivilgesellschaftlichen Akteurinnen und Akteuren sowie Forschenden im sächsischen Chemnitz aus. Ein besonderes Augenmerk liegt auf der Analyse und Gestaltung solidarischer Formen des städtischen Zusammenlebens, die im Nachgang der rassistischen Ausschreitungen im Spätsommer 2018 sowie als Alternative zu „Neuen Rechten Bewegungen“ entwickelt wurden. In experimentellen Räumen und Praktiken können spontane solidarische Reaktionen auf offenen Rassismus auch jenseits von medialer Aufmerksamkeit aufgegriffen werden und über krisenhafte Momente hinaus potenziell Zusammenschlüsse von Akteurinnen und Akteure schaffen, die sich für ein solidarisches Miteinander einsetzen. Anhand eines Lehrforschungsprojektes wird das gemeinsame Arbeiten an Kritik der lokalen Krisenaufarbeitung, solidarischen Visionen und konkreten Handlungspfaden illustriert und reflektiert. Mit diesen Überlegungen aus der transformativen Forschung tragen wir zur Diskussion um die Verzahnung von angewandter und kritischer Geographie bei.
Empirical fragility curves for Italian residential RC buildings
Authors: Rosti A. , Del Gaudio C. , Rota M. , Ricci P. , Di Ludovico M. , Penna A. , Verderame G. M.
Published: November 2020

In this paper, empirical fragility curves for reinforced concrete buildings are derived, based on post-earthquake damage data collected in the aftermath of earthquakes occurred in Italy in the period 1976–2012. These data, made available through an online platform called Da.D.O., provide information on building position, building characteristics and damage detected on different structural components. A critical review of this huge amount of data is carried out to guarantee the consistency among all the considered databases. Then, an in-depth analysis of the degree of completeness of the survey campaign is made, aiming at the identification of the Municipalities subjected to a partial survey campaign, which are discarded from fragility analysis. At the end of this stage, only the Irpinia 1980 and L’Aquila 2009 databases are considered for further elaborations, as fully complying with these criteria. The resulting database is then integrated with non-inspected buildings sited in less affected areas (assumed undamaged), to account for the negative evidence of damage. The PGA evaluated from the shakemaps of the Italian National Institute of Geophysics and Volcanology (INGV) and a metric based on six damage levels according to EMS-98 are used for fragility analysis. The damage levels are obtained from observed damage collected during post-earthquake inspections through existing conversion rules, considering damage to vertical structures and infills/partitions. The maximum damage level observed on vertical structures and infills/partitions is then associated to the whole building. Fragility curves for two vulnerability classes, C2 and D, further subdivided into three classes of building height, are obtained from those derived for specific structural typologies (identified based on building height and type of design), using their frequency of occurrence at national level as weights.
A practical method for well log data classification
Authors: Kostorz Wawrzyniec
Published: November 2020

In this work, a method for well log data classification is presented. The method relies on a coordinate transformation to restructure the data in an optimal way and a quasi-probabilistic interpolation technique capable of smoothing noisy data. The approach does not require case-specific design, is computationally efficient and provides a statistical characterization of the classification problem. Consequently, transition zones between facies can be modelled in a realistic fashion and intermediate rock types can be identified with ease. Apart from being capable of classifying unseen data with high accuracy, the technique can also be used as an informative quality and consistency assessment tool for manually classified data. The properties of the method are demonstrated on a realistic test case study.
Spatio-temporal prediction of missing temperature with stochastic Poisson equations
Authors: Cheng Dan , Liu Zishun
Published: November 2020

This paper presents our winning entry for the EVA 2019 data competition, the aim of which is to predict Red Sea surface temperature extremes over space and time. To achieve this, we used a stochastic partial differential equation (Poisson equation) based method, improved through a regularization to penalize large magnitudes of solutions. This approach is shown to be successful according to the competition’s evaluation criterion, i.e. a threshold-weighted continuous ranked probability score. Our stochastic Poisson equation and its boundary conditions resolve the data’s non-stationarity naturally and effectively. Meanwhile, our numerical method is computationally efficient at dealing with the data’s high dimensionality, without any parameter estimation. It demonstrates the usefulness of stochastic differential equations on spatio-temporal predictions, including the extremes of the process.
Modulation of calcium signaling depends on the oligosaccharide of GM1 in Neuro2a mouse neuroblastoma cells
Authors: Lunghi Giulia , Fazzari Maria , Di Biase Erika , Mauri Laura , Sonnino Sandro , Chiricozzi Elena
Published: November 2020

Recently, we demonstrated that the oligosaccharide portion of ganglioside GM1 is responsible, via direct interaction and activation of the TrkA pathway, for the ability of GM1 to promote neuritogenesis and to confer neuroprotection in Neuro2a mouse neuroblastoma cells. Recalling the knowledge that ganglioside GM1 modulates calcium channels activity, thus regulating the cytosolic calcium concentration necessary for neuronal functions, we investigated if the GM1-oligosaccharide would be able to overlap the GM1 properties in the regulation of calcium signaling, excluding a specific role played by the ceramide moiety inserted into the external layer of plasma membrane. We observed, by calcium imaging, that GM1-oligosaccharide administration to undifferentiated Neuro2a cells resulted in an increased calcium influx, which turned out to be mediated by the activation of TrkA receptor. The biochemical analysis demonstrated that PLCγ and PKC activation follows the TrkA stimulation by GM1-oligosaccharide, leading to the opening of calcium channels both on the plasma membrane and on intracellular storages, as confirmed by calcium imaging experiments performed with IP3 receptor inhibitor. Subsequently, we found that neurite elongation in Neuro2a cells was blocked by subtoxic administration of extracellular and intracellular calcium chelators, suggesting that the increase of intracellular calcium is responsible of GM1-oligosaccharide mediated differentiation. These results suggest that GM1-oligosaccharide is responsible for the regulation of calcium signaling and homeostasis at the base of the neuronal functions mediated by plasma membrane GM1.
Estimating salinity stress via hsp70 expression in the invasive round goby (Neogobius melanostomus): implications for further range expansion
Authors: Puntila-Dodd R. , Bekkevold D. , Behrens J. W.
Published: November 2020

Species invasions often occur on coasts and estuaries where abiotic conditions vary, e.g. salinity, temperature, runoff etc. Successful establishment and dispersal of non-indigenous species in many such systems are poorly understood, partially since the species tend to show genetic and ecological plasticity at population level towards many abiotic conditions, including salinity tolerance. Plasticity may be driven by shifting expression of heat shock proteins such as Hsp70, which is widely recognized as indicator of physical stress. In this study, we developed a qPCR assay for expression of the hsp70 gene in the invasive round goby (Neogobius melanostomus) and tested the expression response of fish collected from a brackish environment in the western Baltic Sea to three different salinities, 0, 10 and 30. hsp70 expression was highest in fresh water, indicating higher stress, and lower at brackish (ambient condition for the sampled population) and oceanic salinities, suggestive of low stress response to salinities above the population’s current distribution. The highest stress in fresh water was surprising since populations in fresh water exist, e.g. large European rivers and Laurentian Great Lakes. The results have implications to predictions for the species’ plasticity potential and possible range expansion of the species into other salinity regimes.
Finite Difference Methods for the Hamilton–Jacobi–Bellman Equations Arising in Regime Switching Utility Maximization
Authors: Ma Jingtang , Ma Jianjun
Published: November 2020

For solving the regime switching utility maximization, Fu et al. (Eur J Oper Res 233:184–192, 2014) derive a framework that reduce the coupled Hamilton–Jacobi–Bellman (HJB) equations into a sequence of decoupled HJB equations through introducing a functional operator. The aim of this paper is to develop the iterative finite difference methods (FDMs) with iteration policy to the sequence of decoupled HJB equations derived by Fu et al. (2014). The convergence of the approach is proved and in the proof a number of difficulties are overcome, which are caused by the errors from the iterative FDMs and the policy iterations. Numerical comparisons are made to show that it takes less time to solve the sequence of decoupled HJB equations than the coupled ones.
Putting the Goal Back into Grit: Academic Goal Commitment, Grit, and Academic Achievement
Authors: Tang Xin , Wang Ming-Te , Parada Filomena , Salmela-Aro Katariina
Published: November 2020

Grit has recently been challenged for its weak predictive power and the incompleteness of its measurement. This study addressed these issues by taking a developmental, person-oriented approach to study academic-related goal commitment and grit and their effects on academic achievement. Using longitudinal data among Finnish eighth and ninth graders (n = 549, 59.4% female, age = 14–16), the longitudinal changes in grit and academic goal commitment profiles were investigated through latent profile and latent transition analyses. Four profiles were identified across two grades: High committed-persistent and moderate consistency (~17%), Moderate (~60%), Low committed-persistent and moderate-low consistency (~8%) and Extremely low committed-persistent and moderate-low consistency (~12%). The students in the High committed-persistent and moderate consistency profile had the highest academic achievement of all the profiles when controlled for gender, socioeconomic status, conscientiousness, and academic persistence. The results revealed that students’ profiles changed between the eighth and ninth grades, with more than one-third of the High committed-persistent and moderate consistency adolescents dropping from this group. Further analysis showed that the profiles varied by educational aspiration, gender, and socioeconomic status. These findings imply that the combination of grit and academic goal commitment influences academic achievement; however, this combination is less common, unstable, and affected by internal and external factors. The study provided important implications on the weak grit effect and the ways to improve it.
Modulated crystals and almost periodic measures
Authors: Lee Jeong-Yup , Lenz Daniel , Richard Christoph , Sing Bernd , Strungaru Nicolae
Published: November 2020

Modulated crystals and quasicrystals can simultaneously be described as modulated quasicrystals, a class of point sets introduced by de Bruijn in 1987. With appropriate modulation functions, modulated quasicrystals themselves constitute a substantial subclass of strongly almost periodic point measures. We re-analyze these structures using methods from modern mathematical diffraction theory, thereby providing a coherent view over that class. Similar to de Bruijn’s analysis, we find stability with respect to almost periodic modulations.
Multi-risk analysis on European cultural and natural UNESCO heritage sites
Authors: Valagussa Andrea , Frattini Paolo , Crosta Giovanni , Spizzichino Daniele , Leoni Gabriele , Margottini Claudio
Published: November 2020

A multi-criteria risk analysis to identify and to rank the most critical UNESCO World Heritage Sites (WHSs) in Europe was implemented in the framework of the JPI-CH PROTHEGO project. The presented approach considers three natural geo-hazards (i.e. landsliding, seismic shaking and volcanic activity) for which homogenous European hazard maps are available. The methodology is based on a quantitative and reproducible heuristic assessment of risk through the development of a new UNESCO Risk Index (URI), which combines the level of hazard with a potential damage vector. The latter expresses the expected level of damage as a function of the type of heritage site (monuments, cultural routes, rock-art sites, cultural landscapes, earthworks/hominid sites, walls and natural sites), the position with respect to the ground (underground or overground) and the hazard type. The methodology was applied both to the entire WHS site and to the different properties that compose the site, with the purpose of identifying areas, inside the same site, with different level of risk. At European scale, the spatial distribution of risk reflects the fact that only three hazards were implemented in the analysis so far, with highest values in the Mediterranean area due to the importance of seismic hazard.
Can We Trust Education for Fostering Trust? Quasi-experimental Evidence on the Effect of Education and Tracking on Social Trust
Authors: Österman Marcus
Published: November 2020

Education is one of the most commonly proposed determinants of social trust (generalized trust). Nevertheless, the empirical evidence of a causal relationship between education and social trust is inconclusive. This study contributes to this discussion in two ways. First, its design provides strong grounds for causal inference across multiple countries by exploiting numerous European compulsory schooling reforms. Second, it considers how the structure of education, specifically between-school tracking, impacts the relationship between education and social trust. The article argues that less tracking is positive for social trust because it entails intergroup contacts between children with different social backgrounds. The results do not give support for a general positive effect of education on social trust as the effect of reforms that extend compulsory education is positive but small and not statistically significant. However, reforms that reduce tracking have a somewhat larger, but still modest, positive and statistically significant effect on social trust. The effect is more pronounced for individuals with poorly educated parents. The positive effect of detracking reforms goes hand-in-hand with more understanding attitudes towards persons with a different background than one’s own. The lack of a clear effect of reforms that extend compulsory schooling on social trust reinforces the findings of recent single-country studies that have been unable to confirm a causal effect of education on social trust. However, the effect of detracking reforms, albeit modest, shows that education can have a positive effect on social trust but that the institutional character of education may be a conditioning factor.
Syntheses, structural characterization, and thermal behaviour of metal complexes with 3-aminopyridine as co-ligands
Authors: Mautner Franz A. , Jantscher Patricia V. , Fischer Roland C. , Torvisco Ana , Reichmann Klaus , Massoud Salah S.
Published: November 2020

Six mixed metal complexes with 3-aminopyridine (3-ampy) as a co-ligand have been synthesized: catena-{[M(μ2-3-ampy)(H2O)4]SO4·H2O} (M=Ni (1) and Co (2)), [Co(3-ampy)4(NCS)2] (3), [Co(3-ampy)2(NCS)2] (4), [Co(3-ampy)4(N3)2] (5) and mer-[Co(3-ampy)3(N3)3] (6), (NCS−=isothiocyanate ion, N3− azide ion), and characterized by physio-chemical and spectroscopic methods as well as single crystal X-ray and powder diffraction. In the isostructural complexes 1 and 2 single μ2-3-ampy links the Ni(II) and Co(II) centers into polymeric chains. The mononuclear Co(II) and Co(III) pseudohalide complexes 3–6 reveal only terminal 3-ampy ligands. The 3-ampy ligands form supramolecular hydrogen bonded systems via their NH2-groups and non-covalent π-π ring-ring interactions via their pyridine moieties. Thermoanalytical properties were investigated for 1–3.

Graphic abstract
Discrete Hardy Spaces for Bounded Domains in $${\mathbb {R}}^{n}$$
Authors: Cerejeiras Paula , Kähler Uwe , Legatiuk Anastasiia , Legatiuk Dmitrii
Published: November 2020

Discrete function theory in higher-dimensional setting has been in active development since many years. However, available results focus on studying discrete setting for such canonical domains as half-space, while the case of bounded domains generally remained unconsidered. Therefore, this paper presents the extension of the higher-dimensional function theory to the case of arbitrary bounded domains in $${\mathbb {R}}^{n}$$

R

n

. On this way, discrete Stokes’ formula, discrete Borel–Pompeiu formula, as well as discrete Hardy spaces for general bounded domains are constructed. Finally, several discrete Hilbert problems are considered.
Hypocaloric Diet Initiated Post-Ischemia Provides Long-Term Neuroprotection and Promotes Peri-Infarct Brain Remodeling by Regulating Metabolic and Survival-Promoting Proteins
Authors: de Carvalho Tayana Silva , Sanchez-Mendoza Eduardo H. , Schultz Moreira Adriana R. , Nascentes Melo Luiza M. , Wang Chen , Sardari Maryam , Hagemann Nina , Doeppner Thorsten R. , Kleinschnitz Christoph , Hermann Dirk M.
Published: November 2020

Calorie restriction confers post-ischemic neuroprotection, when administered in a defined time window before ischemic stroke. How a hypocaloric diet influences stroke recovery when initiated after stroke has not been investigated. Male C57BL6/j mice were exposed to transient intraluminal middle cerebral artery occlusion. Immediately post-ischemia, mice were randomized to two groups receiving moderately hypocaloric (2286 kcal/kg food) or normocaloric (3518 kcal/kg) diets ad libitum. Animals were sacrificed at 3 or 56 days post-ischemia (dpi). Besides increased low density lipoprotein at 3 days and reduced alanine aminotransferase and increased urea at 56 days, no alterations of plasma markers were found in ischemic mice on hypocaloric diet. Body weight mildly decreased over 56 dpi by 7.4%. Hypocaloric diet reduced infarct volume in the acute stroke phase at 3 dpi and decreased brain atrophy, increased neuronal survival and brain capillary density in peri-infarct striatum and reduced motor coordination impairment in tight rope tests in the post-acute stroke phase over up to 56 dpi. The abundance of brain-derived neurotrophic factor, the NAD-dependent deacetylase and longevity protein sirtuin-1, the anti-oxidant glutathione peroxidase-3, and the ammonium detoxifier glutamine synthetase in the peri-infarct brain tissue was increased by hypocaloric diet. This study shows that a moderately hypocaloric diet that is initiated after stroke confers long-term neuroprotection and promotes peri-infarct brain remodeling.
ONCOR: design of the Dutch cardio-oncology registry
Authors: Kamphuis J. A. M. , Linschoten M. , Cramer M. J. , Alsemgeest F. , van Kessel D. J. W. , Urgel K. , Post M. C. , Manintveld O. C. , Hassing H. C. , Liesting C. , Wardeh A. J. , Olde Bijvank E. G. M. , Schaap J. , Stevense-den Boer A. M. , Doevendans P. A. , Asselbergs F. W. , Teske A. J.
Published: November 2020

Background

The relative new subspecialty ‘cardio-oncology’ was established to meet the growing demand for an interdisciplinary approach to the management of cancer therapy–related cardiovascular adverse events. In recent years, specialised cardio-oncology services have been implemented worldwide, which all strive to improve the cardiovascular health of cancer patients. However, limited data are currently available on the outcomes and experiences of these specialised services, and optimal strategies for cardio-oncological care have not been established.

Aim

The ONCOR registry has been created for prospective data collection and evaluation of cardio-oncological care in daily practice.

Methods

Dutch hospitals using a standardised cardio-oncology care pathway are included in this national, multicentre, observational cohort study. All patients visiting these cardio-oncology services are eligible for study inclusion. Data collection at baseline consists of the (planned) cancer treatment and the cardiovascular risk profile, which are used to estimate the cardiotoxic risk. Information regarding invasive and noninvasive tests is collected during the time patients receive cardio-oncological care. Outcome data consist of the incidence of cardiovascular complications and major adverse cardiac events, and the impact of these events on the oncological treatment.

Discussion

Outcomes of the ONCOR registry may aid in gaining more insight into the incidence of cancer therapy–related cardiovascular complications. The registry facilitates research on mechanisms of cardiovascular complications and on diagnostic, prognostic and therapeutic strategies. In addition, it provides a platform for future (interventional) studies. Centres with cardio-oncology services that are interested in contributing to the ONCOR registry are hereby invited to participate.
The Surco canal, an ancient irrigation canal in Lima, Peru, and a citizens’ campaign for its protection
Authors: Lizarzaburu Javier
Published: November 2020

The present text discusses a number of pre-Hispanic irrigation canals in Lima, the Peruvian capital, often considered as the second largest city built on a desert. Some of the original canals are still in use but given that most have been excluded from official urban narratives, citizens are not aware of them and the role they still play in the city. A brief description of Lima’s canals through the ages is provided, including present day management and the risks affecting them. This paper focuses on the Surco canal and a citizens’ campaign carried out between 2016 and 2018 to raise awareness about it. The impact the campaign has had on the wider city is discussed. A general overview of the cultural context in which pre-Hispanic issues have historically been considered in Lima and how this campaign also tried to address them is included as well. As this paper is part of a special issue, Water History in the time of COVID-19, it has undergone modified peer review.
A complicated way of boiling water: nuclear safety in water history
Authors: Evens Siegfried
Published: November 2020

Water and nuclear reactors are much closer intertwined than usually perceived. First, water is the source of the steam that drives the turbines of most nuclear power plants around the world. Next to generating electricity, water is the key to preventing accidents in nuclear plants. As uranium keeps on generating heat when the power plant is turned off, its core needs to be cooled continuously. This crucial connection between water and nuclear is focus of the paper. Nuclear safety will appear as relying heavily on earlier knowledge, institutions, and regulatory frameworks, which were related to water. The three parts of this article discuss technologies, actors and risks of nuclear power. Studying water as a resource in a much broader sense than being boiled for steam shows how determining water is to make nuclear power function. As this paper is part of a special issue, Water History in the time of COVID-19, it has undergone modified peer review.
On the linkage between hydrology and society—learning from history about two-way interactions for sustainable development
Authors: Pande Saket , Uhlenbrook Stefan
Published: November 2020

The challenge of sustainable development is enshrined in the ambitious 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development of the United Nations. The 17 goals and its various targets are unique with water being one of the cross cutting themes. Taking examples of past water dependent societies in a comparative setting, this paper challenges the new field of Archaeo-hydrology in how it could contribute to the 2030 Agenda based on what can be learned from past and contemporary water dependent societies. We find that societies have coped with climate variability by diversifying both in occupation, livelihoods and use of space. Sharing the costs of coordinating such diversification requires inclusive institutions and technological innovations. Similar to technology, new social institutions emerge in response to a changing environment. However, in tandem, slow out-migration of people seems to go on, driven by better livelihood opportunities outside. If technological innovation and institutional evolution are not rapid enough, then migration seems to take over as the adaptive mechanism in response to environmental changes resulting in rapid dispersal. This means that migration from smaller, less endowed societies can be expected to be rapid, with repetitive cycles of abandonment and rehabilitation after each critical climate or adverse environment events. Consequently, more place based local innovations should be encouraged and local economies should be diversified to increase the resilience so that vulnerable societies may inherit favourable know-how for a sustainable future under changing climatic conditions.
Experiences of Minority Stress and Mental Health Burdens of Newly Arrived LGBTQ* Refugees in Germany
Authors: Golembe J. , Leyendecker B. , Maalej N. , Gundlach A. , Busch J.
Published: November 2020

Introduction

While many refugees have settled in Germany within recent years, little is known about LGBTQ* (lesbian, gay, bisexual, trans*, queer*) refugees, a potentially vulnerable group. This qualitative study investigated LGBTQ* refugees’ experiences of distal and proximal minority stressors as well as their mental health burdens during the post-migration period.

Methods

In 2018, 26 self-identified LGBTQ* refugees were recruited in community centers of different metropolitan areas of Germany and interviewed in three focus groups. Anonymized transcripts were analyzed using thematic analysis.

Results

LGBTQ* refugees experienced discrimination based on their intersecting identities. Some described daily occurrences and higher rates in comparison with premigration. Moreover, LGBTQ* refugees reported expectations of rejection and thus concealed their identities, while some also demonstrated identity acceptance. Reported mental health burdens covered internalizing symptoms as well as low levels of well-being.

Conclusions

Findings suggest that LGBTQ* refugees are especially vulnerable to multiple forms of discrimination based on their intersecting identities. For a subgroup of participants, both discrimination experiences and mental health burdens subjectively increased during post-migration.

Policy Implications

Our evidence substantiated that LGBTQ* refugees need to be distinctively acknowledged in social policies to counter their specific patterns of experienced discrimination and improve their mental health.
Adaptive fading factor unscented Kalman filter with application to target tracking
Authors: Gu Peng , Jing Zhongliang , Wu Liangbin
Published: November 2020

One purpose of target tracking is to estimate the states of targets, and unscented Kalman filter is one of the effective algorithms for estimating in the nonlinear tracking problem. Considering the characteristics of complex maneuverability, it is easy to reduce the tracking accuracy and cause divergence due to the mismatch between the system model and the practical target motion model. Adaptive fading factor is an effective counter to this problem, having been instrumental in solving accuracy and divergence problems. Fading factor can adaptively adjust covariance matrix online to compensate model mismatch error. Moreover, fading factor not only improves the filtering accuracy, but also automatically adjusts the error covariance in response to the different situation. The simulation results show that the adaptive fading factor unscented Kalman filter has more advantages in target tracking and it can be better applied to nonlinear target tracking.
„Am meisten macht es immer Spaß, wenn man was Neues schafft“ – Das Bedürfnis nach Kompetenzerleben im Kindersport
Authors: Kohake Kathrin , Richartz Alfred
Published: November 2020

Ziel dieses Beitrags ist eine theoretische und empirische Thematisierung der motivationalen Bedeutung des Kompetenzerlebens im Sport. Zur Schärfung begrifflicher Klarheit stellen wir das Konzept der Wirksamkeitsmotivation und seine Einbettung in die Selbstbestimmungstheorie der Motivation vor. Empirisch wird vergleichend untersucht, wie Selbstbestimmung und Kompetenzerleben in Schulsport, Breiten- und Leistungssport ausgeprägt sind. Hierfür wurden mehr als 600 Kinder befragt hinsichtlich der Förderung von Kompetenz durch die Lehrkraft, der Befriedigung des Kompetenzbedürfnisses und der motivationalen Orientierung. Kinder geben in allen Kontexten hohe Motivationsqualitäten an. In stärker leistungsorientierten Settings wurde eine stärker selbstbestimmte Motivation und eine stärkere Förderung des Kompetenzerlebens durch die Lehrkräfte gefunden.
The Correspondence of Isaac Newton
Authors: Newton Isaac
Published: November 2020

This second volume contains the first exchange of letters between Newton and Leibniz, which took place through the intermediacy of Oldenburg, as well as the beginning of Newton's correspondence of Flamsteed, which resulted from their common interest in the comet of 1680. Of prime interest is the correspondence with Halley, whose compelling zeal and energy played such a part in persuading Newton to write the Principia. This great work was published about midsummer 1687. As early as New Year 1684/5 it was known in some quarters that Newton was busying himself with applying his laws of motion to problems of celestial mechanics, for at that time Flamsteed wrote (Letter 275): 'if you will give me leave to guesse at your designe I beleive you are endeavoring to define ye curve yt ye comet in ye aether from your Theory of motion'.
“Building a Person”: Legal and Clinical Personhood for Autistic and Trans Children in Ontario
Authors: Pyne Jake
Published: November 2020

In the 1960s and 1970s, psychologists at the University of California, Los Angeles, operated two behaviour modification programs: one aiming to eliminate “feminine” behaviours in male-bodied children (“conversion therapy”), and one targeting autistic children’s so-called problem behaviours (applied behavioural analysis or ABA). The head of the autism program referred to his work as “building a person.” Decades later in Ontario, a radically incommensurate legal context sees conversion therapy banned while ABA receives millions of funding dollars. Drawing on legislation, case law, media, and clinical literature, I argue that the process of trans communities wresting themselves out from under conversion therapy involved discursively shifting fromhavinga condition tobeinghuman—a process of “building a person”—still incomplete for autistic communities. While legal reforms protect some trans youth from harmful therapies, this does not extend to autistic trans youth, leading us to question at whose expense a rights-bearing trans person was built.
Design margins in industrial practice
Authors: Eckert Claudia , Isaksson Ola , Lebjioui Safaa , Earl Christopher F. , Edlund Stefan
Published: November 2020

As products are being developed over time and across organisations, the risk for unintended accumulation and mis-conception of margins allocated may occur. Accumulation of margins can result in over design, but also add risk due to under allocation. This paper describes the different terminology used in one organisation and shows the different roles margins play across the design process and in particular the how margins are a critical but often overlooked aspect of product platform design. The research was conducted in close collaboration with a truck manufacturer between 2013 and 2018. The objective was to gain understanding of the current use of margins, and associated concepts evolve along the product life cycle, across organisation and product platform representations. It was found that margins already play an important role throughout the entire design process; however, it is not recognised as a unified concept which is clearly communicated and tracked throughout the design process. Rather different stakeholders have different notions of margins and do not disclose the rationale behind adding margins or the amount that they have added. Margins also enabled designers to avoid design changes as existing components and systems can accommodate new requirements and thereby saving significant design time.
Emancipating Health from the Internal Market: For a Stronger EU (Legislative) Competence in Public Health
Authors: DELHOMME Vincent
Published: November 2020

It is a striking feature of European Union (EU) health law and policy that it has developed in a relative lack of awareness from the general public. This situation can be partly explained by the existence of only a limited competence in the field and the recourse to other legal bases to enact public health measures, particularly Article 114 TFEU. The use of internal market powers to conduct EU health policy has given rise to several problems, affecting the legitimacy of EU action and its capacity to adequately protect human health. Only a Treaty change can provide the EU with the clear competence and the solid legislative powers that it needs to tackle the various health challenges that Europe faces and will continue to face.
Hodge Representations
Authors: Han Xiayimei , Robles Colleen
Published: November 2020

Green–Griffiths–Kerr introduced Hodge representations to classify the Hodge groups of polarized Hodge structures, and the corresponding Mumford–Tate subdomains. We summarize how, given a fixed period domain

$ \mathcal{D} $

, to enumerate the Hodge representations and corresponding Mumford–Tate subdomains

$ D \subset \mathcal{D} $

. The procedure is illustrated in two examples: (i) weight two Hodge structures with

$ {p}_g={h}^{2,0}=2 $

; and (ii) weight three CY-type Hodge structures.
Clinical implications of restrictions in criteria for defining surgical site infections after mastectomy
Authors: Bediako-Bowan Antoinette A. A. , Warren David K. , Nickel Katelin B. , Fraser Victoria J. , Olsen Margaret A.
Published: November 2020

More than 50% of women with clinically apparent infection after mastectomy did not meet the 2020 National Healthcare Safety Network (NHSN) definition for surgical site infection (SSI). Implant loss was similar whether the 2020 NHSN SSI definition was met or not, suggesting equivalent adverse outcomes regardless of restriction to the surveillance definition.
Academic procrastination and test anxiety: A cross-lagged panel analysis
Authors: Wang Yefei
Published: November 2020

The purpose of this study was to investigate the cross-lagged relationships between academic procrastination and test anxiety. A sample of Chinese adolescents from a high school in Changsha City, HuNan Province, China participated in this study. The participants completed the Aitken Procrastination Inventory and the Test Anxiety Scale at two times during a semester. Pearson correlation analysis showed academic procrastination and test anxiety to be positively correlated. Cross-lagged panel analyses demonstrated that academic procrastination at Time 1 predicted test anxiety at Time 2, while test anxiety at Time 1 did not predict academic procrastination at Time 2. Within the limits of the design, we found that academic procrastination may lead to an increase in test anxiety, but test anxiety did not predict the future level of academic procrastination. It is recognised that the relationship between anxiety and procrastination is complicated. It is suggested that a focus on interventions for academic procrastination may help to reduce students’ test anxiety, but not necessarily vice versa.