bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Synchronization control of parametric pendulums for wave energy extraction
Authors: A. Najdecka  , V. Vaziri  , M. Wiercigroch
Published: May 2017

In this work the dynamics of a parametric pendulums system has been studied with a view to its application for sea wave’s energy extraction. The idea is based on the conversion of the oscillatory motion of the waves into rotation of the pendulums. The system approximating a floating structure with two pendulums mounted on it has been modelled and analyzed. In the first stage of the study the general dynamics of the parametric pendulums has been investigated numerically and experimentally. The focus lies on synchronized rotational solutions, representing a most energetically favourable state of motion. The target state is to achieve a synchronized counter rotation of both pendulums. The controlling strategy, with the aim of initiating and maintaining the desired response, has been developed and verified numerically and experimentally. Different methods based on the delayed-feedback control have been suggested. The numerical and experimental results showing the difference in the system dynamics with and without control have been presented. Finally the energy extraction from the system has been simulated numerically and energy extraction control has been discussed.
INVESTIGATION INTO HARMONICS OF LVDC POWER DISTRIBUTION NETWORK USING EMTDC/PSCAD SOFTWARE
Authors: Andrey Lana  , Tero Kaipia  , Jarmo Partanen
Published: May 2017

. The paper focuses on the investigation of low voltage direct current (LVDC) power distribution network harmonic content. For investigation electromagnetic transient simulation environment PSCAD/EMTDC is used. In the paper, the frequency content of voltages and currents in the LVDC network is presented. Dependence on the power quality of the feeding medium voltage (MV) network of the LVDC network configuration is shown and discussed. In addition, impact of distribution of load across bipolar DC network load on MV network power quality is considered. Model of the LVDC power distribution network is created in PSCAD/EMTDC environment to carry out the above mentioned analyses.
Minimum DC link Voltages for the Generator Bridge Converter of a SCIG Based Variable Speed Wind Turbine with Fully Rated Converters
Authors: U.I. Dayaratne  , S.B. Tennakoon  , J.S. Knight  , N.Y.A. Shammas
Published: May 2017

Squirrel Cage Induction Generator (SCIG) based variable speed wind turbine with Fully Rated Converters (FRC) is a popular choice in the industry for the modern multi megawatt wind turbines. Typical FRC system uses a fixed DC link voltage that allows operation in all steady state and dynamic operating conditions while allowing the modulation index of the PWM scheme to vary. However, the analysis made in this paper shows that at steady state, in the maximum power point tracking region where the turbine is operated at variable speeds with generator controlled using Rotor Flux Oriented Control (RFOC), it is possible to operate the Generator Bridge (GB) converter with significantly lower DC link voltages than the fixed value used, by maintaining maximum modulation index in the PWM scheme. This paper presents a methodology of determining the minimum DC link voltages for such a system supported by simulation results showing the successful operation of a GB converter with minimum DC link voltages in the maximum power point tracking region.
Comparison of load inverter topologies in a bipolar LVDC-distribution
Authors: J. Rekola  , H. Tuusa
Published: May 2017

Low voltage direct current (LVDC) distribution is a new low voltage distribution concept. Potential inverter topologies for a bipolar LVDC 1500 V distribution system are compared. Two- or three-level single-phase half or full bridges or three-phase load inverters can be used in LVDC distribution. Inverters can be connected to 750 V DC or 1500 V DC. The bases of comparison are the size of required LC-filters, voltage and current stresses of the components, capability to operate with reduced DC voltage and feed half-wave rectifying load. Two different LC-filter design methods are used. According to the simulation results, the most suitable singlephase load inverter topologies connected to 750 V DC are twoand three-level full bridges. The structure of three-level inverters is more complex, but the size of the required passive filter components is just half of the size of the components with twolevel inverters. The difference between LC-filter sizes is not so significant when comparing with two-and three-level inverters connected to 1500 V DC. The maximum voltage stresses of the IGBTcomponents are udc/2 in three-level inverters but udc in two-level inverters. Smaller voltage stresses are a remarkable advantage especially at higher voltage levels.
Testing and Evaluation of Wind Power Plant Protection System
Authors: M. Kezunovic  , B. Matic Cuka
Published: May 2017

This paper discusses methodology and test set up which may be used for Wind Power Plant (WPP) planning and protection system evaluation. The test set up consists of a digital simulator, as well as a number of physical relays, recorders, software for system and relay modeling, signal editing, etc. Minimizing economic loss, in terms of using maximum output of wind generated power without interruption and causing minimum equipment damage due to faults, is the main benefit of having protection system that operates correctly. The correctness of operation is crucial during grid disturbances in preventing unwanted power plant disconnection and further system stability violation. Since there are no standardized requirements or methodology for WPP protection system testing, its evaluation is challenging and manly customized to fit a given solution. This paper discusses test requirements and test methodology to perform the evaluation in a comprehensive manner.
Buck converter design for Photovoltaic generators with supercapacitor energy storage
Authors: Dariga Meekhun  , Vincent Boitier  , Jean-Marie Dilhac  , Stéphane Petibon  , Corinne Alonso  , Bruno Estibals
Published: May 2017

In Maximum Power Point (MPP) applications for photovoltaic generators, the DC-DC tracker converter is as important as the MPP tracking algorithm. The purpose of this work is to present the design methodology of a buck converter applied in maximum power point tracking. In this paper we also compare Hill-climbing and Fractional Voc MPPT efficiency. The MPPT algorithms were implemented with an autonomous DC/DC converter. It allows to determine their real advantages and disadvantages. Finally, our system will be used to charge supercapacitors. The most significant advantage supercapacitors have over batteries is their ability to be charged and discharged continuously without degradation and their low operating temperature (-40°C).
Electricity Generation by Use of Urban Solid Waste
Authors: Possoli, L.  , Coelho, V. L.  , Ando Junior, O. H.  , Neto, J. M.  , Spacek, A. D.  , Oliveira, M. O.  , Schaeffer, L.  , Bretas, A. S.
Published: May 2017

This article presents a case study of the feasibility of power generation using biofuels from a landfill, with a high concentration of solid waste from the city of Criciúma, SC, Brazil. The main objective of this paper is to show the potential energy existing in landfills, even in medium-sized cities, and that the energetic use of biogas is an accessible alternative to be implemented. For this, it was analyzed two forms of energy generation from municipal solid waste. At the first case it was considered the use of biogas generated in landfills and at the second the waste incineration and for both cases it is presented a study of economic feasibility.
Proposal the Use of Alternative Materials for Construction of an Alternative Low Cost Sunlight Collecting System to Latin American Market
Authors: Spacek, A. D.  , Santana, M. V. F de  , Mota, J. M.  , Biléssimo, L. D.  , Ando Junior, O. H.  , Malfatti, C. F.
Published: May 2017

This paper presents a study on the potential use of fixed collectors consist of prismatic lenses that capture sunlight for indoor lighting. The proposed research is to develop an alternative system to capture sunlight, aimed at lighting environments with natural light directly, maintaining thermal comfort without cost functional, using a source of clean and inexhaustible energy. Currently the technology to capture the natural light is not developed in Latin American, but is already exploited in other countries so quite efficiently reaching present yield greater than 90% transmission of natural light due to its high quality finish. This market the application of this technology is in quite small considering the high cost of implementation for point light added to the import taxes can reach US$ 1,500.00 (in Brazil). The main focus of the work is to develop a product that through the study and development of materials from raw materials derived from municipal solid waste can provide a low cost solution with adequate income to reality where the product is applied. The work requires the design of a prototype of the capture system using the materials developed and the validation of the same real situation of application for a period of twelve months so predicting system behaviour verification in various conditions and to verify the behaviour materials developed front inclement weather and aging. As a result of this preliminary study it was found that the costs of materials to be used for the development of alternative products do not reach even 20% of the current selling price. Therefore, the development and industrialization of this low-cost sunlight collecting system result in a social nature of technology accessible to all. Consequently, will benefit dealers, who can distribute it poor communities, improving the quality of life of these people and thus reduce non-technical losses. Therefore, with the focus in the popularization of technology in Latin American, presenting this as a low cost solution, the work aims to develop an alternative to natural light harvest, using recycled and reused materials, making it an environmentally friendly product, good efficiency and sustainable.
Transição demográfica no Rio Grande do Sul: um processo desafiador
Authors: Marion Filho Pascoal José , Reichert Henrique
Published: May 2017

O objetivo da pesquisa é analisar a transição demográfica no Rio Grande do Sul e identificar oportunidades e desafios para os gestores. Faz-se uma análise descritiva para avaliar as mudanças demográficas ocorridas no Estado e as perspectivas demográficas futuras, com base nas informações e projeções populacionais estimadas pelo IBGE, e uma pesquisa bibliográfica para identificar oportunidades e desafios para os gestores públicos. Os resultados mostram que a região está vivendo o Primeiro Dividendo Demográfico, causado pela redução na taxa de dependência, devido à queda no número de jovens e aumento na população em idade ativa, e pelo crescimento da renda per capita. Nesse sentido, abrem-se várias oportunidades para melhoria na qualidade de ensino e qualificação da mão de obra, já que cai a demanda de vagas nas escolas com a redução do número de jovens. Como desafios, cresce rapidamente o número de idosos e a expectativa de vida, o que eleva a permanência dos mesmos nos programas sociais e aumenta os gastos orçamentários.
The Release of Sodium Diclofenac from Matrix Type of Transdermal Patch
Authors: Fridayanti Aditya , Hendradi Esti , Isnaeni Isnaeni
Published: May 2017

ABSTRAK

 

Pelepasan natrium diklofenak dari Sediaan Transdermal Patch Tipe Matriks dengan kombinasi polimer etil selulosa (EC) N-20 dan polivinilpirolidon (PVP) K-30 telah diteliti. Pada penelitian ini sediaan transdermal patch tipe matriks  yang mengandung natrium diklofenak dibuat dengan kombinasi polimer etil selulosa (EC) N-20 dan polivinilpirolidon (PVP) K-30 pada perbandingan yang berbeda ( 9:1 (Formula I); 8:2 (Formula II); dan 7:3 (Formula III)). Persentase (%) moisture content dihitung dari perbedaan berat relatif pada penimbangan akhir. Uji homogenitas permukaan patch dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). Uji disolusi dengan media larutan dapar fosfat salin pH 7,4 Â± 0.05 sebanyak 500,0 mL yang terlebih dahulu dipanaskan sampai mencapai temperatur percobaan 37 Â± 0.5Â°C diaduk pada kecepatan 50 rpm. Hasil dianalisis menggunakan SPSS dengan metode ANOVA one way dengan tingkat kepercayaan 95% (a = 0,05). Berdasarkan penelitian ini, penggunaan polimer kombinasi antara etil selulosa (EC) N-20 dan polivinilpirolidon (PVP) K-30 dapat meningkatkan fluks pelepasan natrium diklofenak dari sediaan patch natrium diklofenak. Perbandingan 7:3 dari etil selulosa (EC) N-20 dan polivinilpirolidon (PVP) K-30  adalah kombinasi yang terbaik untuk sediaan patch natrium diklofenak karena konsistensi bentuk fisik serta nilai fluks pelepasan dan penetrasi yang dihasilkan lebih besar dari perbandingan lainnya.

 

Kata Kunci :   Pelepasan Sodium diklofenak, plasticizer, kombinasi matrix dari EC N-20  dan PVP K-30

 

 

ABSTRACT

 

The sodium diclofenac realeased from transdermal patch of combination of ethyl cellulose (EC) N-20 nd polyvinyl pyrollidon (PVP) K-30 was investigated. In this study, matrix-type of transdermal patchntaining diclofenac sodium were prepared using polymeric combination of EC N-20  and PVP K-30 in various  ratios ( 9:1 (Formula I); 8:2 (Formula II); and 7:3 (Formula III)). The percentage of moisture content was calculated as a difference between initial and final weight with respect to final weight. The homogeneity of patch surface was determined using fluorescence microscope and scanning electron microscope (SEM). Released test using dissolution apparatus were carried out in 500 mL of phosphate buffer saline pH 7.4 Â± 0.05 at temperature 37 Â± 0.5Â°C with speed of swirl 50 rpm. Results were analyzed by statistic programmed of SPSS using one way analysis of variance with degree of believed 95% (Î± = 0,05).  It can be concluded that the combination of EC N-20 and PVP K-30 at ratio 7:3 was the best choice for manufacturing transdermal patch based on physicochemical and the release profile.

 

Keywords:    Diclofenac sodium released, plasticizer, combination matrix of EC N-20 and PVP K-30
Efek Ekstrak Metanol Daun Engkuduk Talun (Fagraea racemosa) pada Peroksidasi Lipid Secara In Vivo
Authors: Fikriah Ika
Published: May 2017

ABSTRACT

 

Engkuduk talun plant (Fagraea racemosa) grows in East Kalimantan forest. Stages Extraction research of petroleum eter-cloroform-metanol from leaves, root skin, root, stem skin and Fagraea racemosaâ€™s stem toward radical 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazil (DPPH) is proven that the extract of methanol leaves have the strongest scavenger effect, this can be interpreted that the leaves have the strongest antioxidant potency from all plant parts that have been examined.  The given single dose 1 gram/kg b.w of the methanol extract from Fagraea racemosa leaves do not caused the death at the female Wistar rats. On the inhibitor test of forming MDA of ratâ€™s liver the very high of absorbance value has accurred on control by CCl4 ( 0.508 Â± 0.039 ), significant if compared to CCl4 added with the vitamin E ( 0.224 Â± 0.006 ) and CCl4 added with three doses of methanol extract from the Fagraea racemosaâ€™s leaves ( p=0.000 )

 

Keywords: Fagreae racemosa, lipid peroxidation, CCl4,  vitamin E

 

ABSTRAK

Tumbuhan engkuduk talun (Fagraea racemosa) banyak terdapat di hutan Kalimantan Timur. Penelitian ekstraksi bertingkat petroleum eter-kloroform-metanol dari daun, kulit akar, akar, kulit batang dan batang Fagraea racemosa terhadap pereaksi radikal 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazil (DPPH) terbukti pada ekstrak metanol daun mempunyai efek peredaman paling kuat, ini dapat diartikan daun mempunyai potensi antioksidan yang paling kuat dari semua bagian tumbuhan yang diamati. Pemberian dosis tunggal 1 gram/kgBB ekstrak metanol daun Fagraea racemosa tidak menunjukkan kematian pada hewan coba tikus Wistar betina. Pada uji hambatan  pembentukan MDA hepar tikus terjadi peningkatan nilai absorbansi yang sangat tinggi pada kontrol dengan CCl4 (0.508 Â± 0,039), berbeda bermakna jika dibandingkan CCl4 yang ditambah dengan vitamin E (0.224 Â± 0,006) dan CCl4  yang ditambah dengan tiga dosis ekstrak metanol daun Fagraea racemosa (p=0.000).

 

Kata Kunci: Fagraea racemosa, peroksidasi lipid, CCl4, vitamin E
Penentuan Kriteria Ilmiah Potensi Tumbuhan Obat Unggulan
Authors: Rijai Laode
Published: May 2017

ABSTRACT
 
There is no new name for prime Medisinal plants which can be used to asses medicinal plants. Used of the term is done  intuitively by decision makers of the management section or utilization of medicinal plants, which eventually became a name. The study is scientifically to determine the scientific criteria of prime medicinal plants has been done. The method used for the assessment is discussion with expert respondents using multiple methods of decision making. Respondents who used the expert academics and practitioners. Academics consists of expertise Natural Product chemistry, Natural Product Pharmaceuticals (Phamacognosy), Environmental Science, Forestry sciences, and Natural medicine industry. The result of the determination of criteria for assessment of scientific research prime plants found in five criteria (a) The diversity of usefulness / efficacy of a medicinal plant possessed (b) types of diseases can be cured by a medicinal plants (c) easy cultivation of medicinal plants (d) diversity of secondary metabolites content in a medicinal plant (e) type of organ or plant part used as medicine. The five criteria have been validated by using 9 kinds of herbs that have been deemed superior by the Indonesian Food and Drug Administration.
 
Key words: Scientific criteria, prime medicinal plants, study
 
ABSTRAK
 
Istilah tumbuhan obat unggulan belum ada kriteria ilmiah yang dapat digunakan untuk menilai suatu tumbuhan obat. Penggunaan istilah tersebut dilakukan secara intuisi oleh pengambil keputusan dalam bidang pengelolaan atau pemanfaatan tumbuhan obat, yang akhirnya menjadi suatu istilah. Telah dilakukan pengkajian secara ilmiah untuk menentukan kriteria ilmiah tumbuhan obat unggulan. Metode yang digunakan untuk pengkajian tersebut adalah diskusi dengan responden ahli dengan memanfaatkan beberapa metode pengambilan keputusan. Responden ahli yang digunakan adalah akademisi dan praktisi. Akademisi terdiri dari keahlian Kimia Bahan Alam Hayati, Farmasi Bahan Alam (Farmakognosi), Ilmu Lingkungan, ilmu Kehutanan, dan pelaku industri obat alami. Hasil penelitian pengkajian penentuan kriteria ilmiah tumbuhan unggulan ditemukan lima kriteria yaitu (a) Keragaman kegunaan/khasiat yang dimiliki suatu tumbuhan obat (b) jenis penyakit yang dapat disembuhkan oleh suatu tumbuhan obat (c) kemudahan budidaya suatu tumbuhan obat (d) keragaman kandungan metabolit sekunder dalam suatu tumbuhan obat (e) jenis organ atau bagian tumbuhan yang digunakan sebagai bahan obat. Kelima kriteria tersebut telah divalidasi dengan menggunakan 9 jenis tumbuhan obat yang telah dianggap unggul oleh Badan Pengawasan Obat dan Makanan.
 
Kata Kunci : Kriteria ilmiah, Tumbuhan obat unggulan, pengkajian.
Identifikasi Gugus Fungsi Minyak Buah Nipa (Nypa fructicans) Kaliwanggu Teluk Kendari Sulawesi Tenggara
Authors: Rusli Rolan , Rosniar Rosniar , Haeruddin Haeruddin , Nurlansi Nurlansi
Published: May 2017

Nipa is one of the vegetation mangroves in Southeast Sulawesi that optimal utilization by people in this region is not optimal because less of information. Attempt to provide information of oil component has done research with the title â€œIdentification of Functional Group of Oil from Nipa Fruit (Nypa fructicans) at Kaliwanggu, Kendari Bay, Southeast Sulawesiâ€. Research was using the extraction technique, trans-esterification reactions, and FTIR measurements. The extracted oil is having characteristic aromatic, colourless, and volatile. The Oil content was obtain 13.72%, 10.57%, 7.73%, and 3.62% for oil from fiber seed fruit, fruit pulp, fruit cob, and epidermis seed fruit, respectively. The interpretation of FTIR spectrum was obtain vibrations of methylene (CH2) which overlap with vibration of the cis-alkene bond (cis-HC = CH), stretching vibration of ester group (C-O), bending vibrations of C-H, stretching vibration of ester group (C = O), and hydroxyl group (OH).
Keywords: Nipa, oil, extraction, trans-esterification, FTIR
ABSTRAK
Nipa adalah salah satu vegetasi magrove di Sulawesi Tenggara yang pemanfaatannya oleh masyarakat belum optimal karena kurangnya informasi mengenai hal tersebut. Untuk memberikan informasi komponen minyak dilakukan penelitian dengan judul â€œIdentifikasi Gugus Fungsi Minyak Buah Nipa (Nypa fructicans) Kaliwanggu Teluk Kendari Sulawesi Tenggaraâ€. Penelitian dilakukan menggunakan ekstraksi dan reaksi trans-esterifikasi serta pengukuran FTIR. Minyak yang diekstraksi memiliki karakteristik berbau harum dan tidak berwarna (bening) serta mudah menguap (volatil). Kadar minyak diperoleh berturut-turut sebesar 13,72%, 10,57%, 7,73%, dan 3,62% untuk minyak dari bagian sabut, daging buah, tongkol buah, dan kulit ari daging buah nipa. Hasil interpretasi spektrum FTIR diperoleh gugus fungsi yaitu gugus vibrasi gugus methylene (CH2) yang overlap dengan vibrasi ikatan dari cis-alkena (cis-HC=CH), vibrasi ulur gugus (C-O) pada ester, vibrasi tekuk gugus C-H, vibrasi ulur gugus (C=O) dari ester, dan gugus hidroksil (OH). 
Kata kunci: Nipa, minyak, ekstraksi, trans-esterifikasi, FTIR
Studi Penggunaan Antibiotika pada Neonatus Di NICU RSAL Dr. Ramelan Surabaya
Authors: Fitriani Victoria Yulita
Published: May 2017

ABSTRACT

 

Neonatal sepsis and nosocomial infection are the most common diagnosis of neonatal infections. Selections of antibiotics in neonatal infection should be based on type of bacteria, antibiotics dose and safety in neonates. The aim of this study was to explored type of antibiotics used in Neonatal Intensive Care Unit. Researchers conducted a prospective study of antibiotics used at Dr. Ramelan Navy Hospital neonatal intensive care unit Surabaya. From November 26th 2007 to January 26th 2008, 94 patients (5 preterm neonates and 89 term neonates) were included in this study. Demographic data, antibiotics used, relevant medical histories, laboratory data was recorded prospectively at the wards. Charts for all cases were reviewed.  Early antibiotic use was defined as therapy within 72 hours of life. The most frequently used empiric antibiotic regimens were ampicillin sulbactam with gentamicin (60.2%), ampicillin sulbactam (30.1%), ceftriaxone (6.5%), ampicillin sulbactam with amikacin (1.1%), ampicillin sulbactam with ceftriaxone (1.1%), gentamicin with ceftriaxone (1.1%).  Late antibiotic events also occurred in neonates. Fourty eight point four percent of late antibiotics events were used of ceftriaxone. Antibiotics are prescribed appropriately but earlier discontinuation or switches, which may be complicated either by the inability to confirm causative organism or patientâ€™s condition that showed no improvement, should be practiced.

 

Key words: Neonatus, antibiotic

 

ABSTRAK

 

Diagnosa infeksi pada neonatus umumnya berupa sepsis neonatorum dan infeksi nosokomial. Pemilihan antibiotika pada kondisi tersebut perlu didasarkan kepada jenis bakteri yang umumnya terlibat, dosis antibiotika dan tingkat keamanan pada neonatus. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengeksplorasi jenis antibiotika yang digunakan pada pasien neonatus. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian prospektif dengan melakukan pengamatan secara langsung selama 3 bulan di NICU RSAL Dr. Ramelan Surabaya. Peneliti mengobservasi pasien secara langsung dan mengambil data pemakaian antibiotika melalui rekam medik. Semua pasien neonatus yang menjalani rawat inap di NICU periode (Oktober â€“ Desember 2007) disertakan sebagai sampel penelitian. Hasil penelitian di dapat antibiotika untuk penanganan tahap awal yang sering digunakan adalah kombinasi ampisilin sulbaktam dengan gentamisin (60.2%), ampisilin sulbaktam (30.1%), ceftriaxonee (6.5%), kombinasi ampisilin sulbaktam dengan amikasin (1.1%), kombinasi ampisilin sulbaktam dengan ceftriaxonee (1.1%), kombinasi gentamisin dengan cetriaxone (1.1%). Antibiotika untuk penanganan tahap akhir adalah  ceftriaxonee (48.4%), kombinasi ceftriaxone dengan amikasin (25.6%), amikasin (9.3%), ampisilin sulbaktam (4.7%), kombinasi ceftriaxone dengan gentamisin (4.7%), kombinasi ampisilin sulbaktam dengan gentamisin (4.7%), kombinasi ampisilin dengan amikasin (4.7%), kombinasi ampisilin sulbaktam dengan amikasin (4.7%), kombinasi ceftriaxone dengan amikasin (4.7%).

 

Kata Kunci: neonatus, antibiotika
Editorial
Authors:   The Editors
Published: May 2017

With this issue, European Comic Art, the first peer-reviewed academic
journal on comics, moves into its tenth year of existence. Over the past
few years, the field has become more crowded, as scholarly interest in
comics has expanded, but the quality and quantity of submissions that
we receive is ever increasing. We are proud to have published articles
by major comics theorists, as well as by emerging young researchers,
and to have contributed to debates on formal, graphic and narrative
resources of the medium; temporality and duration in comics; adaptation
and the mutual influence between comics and other arts, including
the novel, film, fine art (especially modernism) and the performing arts;
and the diverse influences on the development of comics, including caricature
and satirical prints.
‘. . . But Is It Literature?’
Authors: Blank Juliane
Published: May 2017

As a hybrid between ‘high’ literature and ‘trivial’ comics, graphic adaptations
have been the subject of extensive debate in Germany. This article
discusses the specific cultural conditions of graphic adaptation in Germany,
which have been influenced by a process of emancipation from deeply rooted
prejudice against comics as a medium of popular culture. To illustrate the
changes brought about by the term ‘graphic novel’ around 2000, this article
analyses two examples of a newer generation of graphic adaptation in detail.
Flix’s Faust (2009–2010) and Drushba Pankow’s Das Fräulein von Scuderi
[Mademoiselle de Scudery] (2011) represent a new self-confident approach
to classic literature, but they also reflect on their own status as adaptations
and thus contribute to ‘closing the gap’ between ‘high’ and popular culture.
Oligodendroglioma resection: a Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) analysis
Authors: Alattar Ali A. , Brandel Michael G. , Hirshman Brian R. , Dong Xuezhi , Carroll Kate T. , Ali Mir Amaan , Carter Bob S. , Chen Clark C.
Published: May 2017

OBJECTIVE

The available evidence suggests that the clinical benefits of extended resection are limited for chemosensitive tumors, such as primary CNS lymphoma. Oligodendroglioma is generally believed to be more sensitive to chemotherapy than astrocytoma of comparable grades. In this study the authors compare the survival benefit of gross-total resection (GTR) in patients with oligodendroglioma relative to patients with astrocytoma.

METHODS

Using the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) Program (1999–2010) database, the authors identified 2378 patients with WHO Grade II oligodendroglioma (O2 group) and 1028 patients with WHO Grade III oligodendroglioma (O3 group). Resection was defined as GTR, subtotal resection, biopsy only, or no resection. Kaplan-Meier and multivariate Cox regression survival analyses were used to assess survival with respect to extent of resection.

RESULTS

Cox multivariate analysis revealed that the hazard of dying from O2 and O3 was comparable between patients who underwent biopsy only and GTR (O2: hazard ratio [HR] 1.06, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.73–1.53; O3: HR 1.18, 95% CI 0.80–1.72). A comprehensive search of the published literature identified 8 articles without compelling evidence that GTR is associated with improved overall survival in patients with oligodendroglioma.

CONCLUSIONS

This SEER-based analysis and review of the literature suggest that GTR is not associated with improved survival in patients with oligodendroglioma. This finding contrasts with the documented association between GTR and overall survival in anaplastic astrocytoma and glioblastoma. The authors suggest that this difference may reflect the sensitivity of oligodendroglioma to chemotherapy as compared with astrocytomas.
Stereotactic radiosurgery alone or combined with embolization for brain arteriovenous malformations: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Russell Dylan , Peck Travis , Ding Dale , Chen Ching-Jen , Taylor Davis G. , Starke Robert M. , Lee Cheng-Chia , Sheehan Jason P.
Published: May 2017

OBJECTIVE

Embolization of brain arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) prior to stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) has been reported to negatively affect obliteration rates. The goal of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to compare the outcomes of AVMs treated with embolization plus SRS (E+SRS group) and those of AVMs treated with SRS alone (SRS group).

METHODS

A literature review was performed using PubMed to identify studies with 10 or more AVM patients and obliteration data for both E+SRS and SRS groups. A meta-analysis was performed to compare obliteration rates between the E+SRS and SRS groups.

RESULTS

Twelve articles comprising 1716 patients were eligible for analysis. Among the patients with radiological follow-up data, complete obliteration was achieved in 48.4% of patients (330/681) in the E+SRS group compared with 62.7% of patients (613/978) in the SRS group. A meta-analysis of the pooled data revealed that the obliteration rate was significantly lower in the E+SRS group (OR 0.51, 95% CI 0.41–0.64, p < 0.00001). Symptomatic adverse radiation effects were observed in 6.6% (27/412 patients) and 11.1% (48/433 patients) of the E+SRS and SRS groups, respectively. The annual post-SRS hemorrhage rate was 2.0%–6.5% and 0%–2.0% for the E+SRS and SRS groups, respectively. The rates of permanent morbidity were 0%–6.7% and 0%–13.5% for the E+SRS and SRS groups, respectively.

CONCLUSIONS

Arteriovenous malformation treatment with combined embolization and SRS is associated with lower obliteration rates than those with SRS treatment alone. However, this comparison does not fully account for differences in the initial AVM characteristics in the E+SRS group as compared with those in the SRS group. Further studies are warranted to address these limitations.
Correlation between reduction in microvascular transit time after superficial temporal artery–middle cerebral artery bypass surgery for moyamoya disease and the development of postoperative hyperperfusion syndrome
Authors: Yang Tao , Higashino Yoshifumi , Kataoka Hiroharu , Hamano Eika , Maruyama Daisuke , Iihara Koji , Takahashi Jun C.
Published: May 2017

OBJECTIVE

Hyperperfusion syndrome (HPS) is a notable complication that causes various neurological symptoms after superficial temporal artery (STA)–middle cerebral artery (MCA) bypass surgery for moyamoya disease (MMD). The authors used intraoperative indocyanine green (ICG) videoangiography to measure the change in microvascular transit time (MVTT) after bypass surgery. An analysis was then conducted to identify the correlation between change in MVTT and presence of postoperative HPS.

METHODS

This study included 105 hemispheres of 81 patients with MMD who underwent STA-MCA single bypass surgery between January 2010 and January 2015. Intraoperative ICG videoangiography was performed before and after bypass surgery. The MVTT was calculated from the ICG time intensity curve recorded in the pial arterioles and venules. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was conducted to test the effect of multiple variables, including the change in MVTT after bypass surgery, on postoperative HPS.

RESULTS

Postoperative HPS developed in 28 (26.7%) of the 105 hemispheres operated on. MVTT was reduced significantly after bypass surgery (prebypass 5.34 ± 2.00 sec vs postbypass 4.12 ± 1.60 sec; p < 0.001). The difference between prebypass and postbypass MVTT values, defined as ΔMVTT, was significantly greater in the HPS group than in the non-HPS group (2.55 ± 2.66 sec vs 0.75 ± 1.78 sec; p < 0.001). Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis revealed that the optimal cutoff point of ΔMVTT was 2.6 seconds (sensitivity 46.4% and specificity 85.7% as a predictor of postoperative HPS). A ΔMVTT > 2.6 seconds was an independent predictor of HPS in multivariate analysis (hazard ratio 4.88, 95% CI 1.76–13.57; p = 0.002).

CONCLUSIONS

MVTT in patients with MMD was reduced significantly after bypass surgery. Patients with a ΔMVTT > 2.6 seconds tended to develop postoperative HPS. Because ΔMVTT can be easily measured during surgery, it is a useful diagnostic tool for identifying patients at high risk for HPS after STA-MCA bypass surgery for MMD.
Assessment of malpractice claims due to spinal epidural abscess
Authors: DePasse J. Mason , Ruttiman Roy , Eltorai Adam E. M. , Palumbo Mark A. , Daniels Alan H.
Published: May 2017

OBJECTIVE

Spinal epidural abscesses (SEAs) can be difficult to diagnose and may result in neurological compromise or even death. Delays in diagnosis or treatment may worsen the prognosis. While SEA presents a high risk for litigation, little is known about the medicolegal ramifications of this condition. An enhanced understanding of potential legal implications is important for practicing spine surgeons, emergency medicine physicians, and internists.

METHODS

The VerdictSearch database, a large legal-claims database, was queried for “epidural abscess”–related legal cases. Demographic and clinical data were examined for all claims; any irrelevant cases or cases with incomplete information were excluded. The effects of age of the plaintiff, sex of the plaintiff, presence of a known infection, resulting paraplegia or quadriplegia, delay in diagnosis, and delay in treatment on the proportion of plaintiff rulings and size of payments were assessed.

RESULTS

In total, 56 cases met the inclusion criteria. Of the 56 cases, 17 (30.4%) were settled, 22 (39.3%) resulted in a defendant ruling, and 17 (30.4%) resulted in a plaintiff ruling. The mean award for plaintiff rulings was $5,277,468 ± $6,348,462 (range $185,000–$19,792,000), which was significantly larger than the mean award for cases that were settled out of court, $1,914,265 ± $1,313,322 (range $100,000–$4,500,000) (p < 0.05). The mean age of the plaintiffs was 47.0 ± 14.4 years; 23 (41.1%) of the plaintiffs were female and 33 (58.9%) were male. The proportion of plaintiff verdicts and size of monetary awards were not affected by age or sex (p > 0.49). The presence of a previously known infection was also not associated with the proportion of plaintiff verdicts or indemnity payments (p > 0.29). In contrast, juries were more likely to rule in favor of plaintiffs who became paraplegic or quadriplegic (p = 0.03) compared with plaintiffs who suffered pain or isolated weakness. Monetary awards for paraplegic or quadriplegic patients were also significantly higher (p = 0.003). Plaintiffs were more likely to win if there was a delay in diagnosis (p = 0.04) or delay in treatment (p = 0.006), although there was no difference in monetary awards (p > 0.57). Internists were the most commonly sued physician (named in 13 suits [23.2%]), followed by emergency medicine physicians (named in 8 [14.3%]), and orthopedic surgeons (named in 3 [5.4%]).

CONCLUSIONS

This investigation is the largest examination of legal claims due to spinal epidural abscess to date. The proportion of plaintiff verdicts was significantly higher in cases in which the patient became paraplegic or quadriplegic and in cases in which there was delay in diagnosis or treatment. Additionally, paralysis is linked to large sums awarded to the plaintiff. Nonsurgeon physicians, who are often responsible for initial diagnosis, were more likely to be sued than were surgeons.
An Approach to Functional Formal Models of Constraint-Based Lexicalized Grammar
Authors: Loukanova Roussanka
Published: May 2017

This paper is a review of the formal definitions of a description language of functional models of Constraint-Based Lexicalized Grammar (CBLG), with a notion of well-formedness, models of linguistic objects, and the corresponding denotation function. The language uses feature-value descriptions. A formalization of CBLG is presented via definitions of several classes of objects by this formal language using mutual recursion. The core engine of the CBLG formal grammar is a hierarchical type system associated with constraints for representation of linguistic information. The constraints are classified as linguistic principles, grammar rules, lexical entries, lexical rules, and semantic representations. The formal system of CBLG targets a computational approach to human language grammar.
On Tight Separation for Blum Measures Applied to Turing Machine Buffer Complexity
Authors: Šíma Jiří , Žák Stanislav
Published: May 2017

We formulate a very general tight diagonalization method for the Blum complexity measures satisfying two additional axioms related to our diagonalizer machine. We apply this method to two new, mutually related, distance and buffer complexities of Turing machine computations which are important nontrivial examples of natural Blum complexity measures different from time and space. In particular, these measures capture how many times the worktape head needs to move a certain distance during the computation which corresponds to the number of necessary block uploads into a buffer cache memory. We start this study by proving a tight separation which shows that a very small increase in the distance or buffer complexity bound (roughly from f( n) to f( n + 1)) brings provably more computational power to both deterministic and nondeterministic Turing machines even for unary languages. We also obtain hierarchies of the distance and buffer complexity classes.
Extending the Applicability of the MMN-HSS Method for Solving Systems of Nonlinear Equations under Generalized Conditions
Authors: Argyros Ioannis , Sharma Janak , Kumar Deepak
Published: May 2017

We present the semilocal convergence of a multi-step modified Newton-Hermitian and Skew-Hermitian Splitting method (MMN-HSS method) to approximate a solution of a nonlinear equation. Earlier studies show convergence under only Lipschitz conditions limiting the applicability of this method. The convergence in this study is shown under generalized Lipschitz-type conditions and restricted convergence domains. Hence, the applicability of the method is extended. Moreover, numerical examples are also provided to show that our results can be applied to solve equations in cases where earlier study cannot be applied. Furthermore, in the cases where both old and new results are applicable, the latter provides a larger domain of convergence and tighter error bounds on the distances involved.
Erratum: Ahmad, F., et al. A Preconditioned Iterative Method for Solving Systems of Nonlinear Equations Having Unknown Multiplicity. Algorithms 2017, 10, 17
Authors: Ahmad Fayyaz , Bhutta Toseef , Shoaib Umar , Ullah Malik , Alshomrani Ali , Ahmad Shamshad , Ahmad Shahid
Published: May 2017

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Immobilized TiO2-Polyethylene Glycol: Effects of Aeration and pH of Methylene Blue Dye
Authors: Nawawi Wan , Zaharudin Raihan , Zuliahani Ahmad , Shukri Dyia , Azis Tun , Razali Zainab
Published: May 2017

Immobilized TiO2 and immobilized TiO2-polyethylene glycol (TiO2/PEG) films have been prepared via brush coating method. The formulation of immobilized TiO2 film was prepared by mixing distilled water with P25, while the formulation containing P25 combined with 8% PEG in distilled water was used in preparing immobilized TiO2/PEG. A double sided adhesive tape (DSAT) was stacked onto a glass surface prior to coating with the formulations and annealing by a thermal treatment at 100 °C for 15 min. The photocatalytic activity of immobilized photocatalysts was evaluated under photodegradation of methylene blue (MB). It was observed that immobilized TiO2/PEG has showed a higher rate of photocatalytic activity compared to immobilize TiO2. The X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectra of immobilized TiO2/PEG sample proved that the existence of C=O led to enhanced photoactivity efficiency under normal light and visible light irradiations. The photocatalytic activity performance of immobilized TiO2/PEG was the highest at 75 mL·min−1 aeration rate and pH 11 of MB dye. The correlation between of all these parameters was investigated in this study.
The Temporal and Spatial Distributions of the Near-Surface CO2 Concentrations in Central Asia and Analysis of Their Controlling Factors
Authors: Cao Liangzhong , Chen Xi , Zhang Chi , Kurban Alishir , Yuan Xiuliang , Pan Tao , De Maeyer Philippe
Published: May 2017

As the main anthropogenic greenhouse gas that contributes most to global warming, CO2 plays an important role in climate changes in Central Asia. Due to the lack of studies of near-surface CO2 in this region, we first confirmed the applicability of the near-surface Greenhouse Gases Observing Satellite (GOSAT) CO2 data in Central Asia using atmospheric CO2 concentration data from nine ground-based station observations. We then analyzed the temporal and spatial distributions of the near-surface CO2 concentrations in Central Asia and their controlling factors using statistical analysis methods. The results show that the near-surface CO2 concentrations are high in the western part of this region and low in the east. From June 2009 to May 2013, the near-surface CO2 concentrations increased gradually, with the highest value being in spring and the lowest in autumn. The temporal distribution of CO2 concentrations is mainly affected by photosynthesis, respiration, and heating. The combined effect of terrestrial ecosystems and CO2 diffusion by wind is responsible for the higher near-surface CO2 concentration in the northern, western, and southwestern areas of the five Central Asian countries compared to the central, eastern, and southern areas, and energy consumption and wind are the major factors that affect the heterogeneity of the spatial distribution of the CO2 concentrations in Xinjiang.
Low Family Support and Risk of Obesity among Black Youth: Role of Gender and Ethnicity
Authors: Assari Shervin , Caldwell Cleopatra
Published: May 2017

Most studies on the role of family environment in developing risk of obesity among youth have focused on parenting behaviors that are directly involved in energy balance in regional, non-representative White samples. Using a national sample of ethnically diverse Black youth, the current study tested the association between low family support and risk of obesity. We also tested the heterogeneity of this association based on gender, ethnicity, and their intersection. We used data from the National Survey of American Life-Adolescent Supplement (NSAL-A), a national survey of Black adolescents in the United States. The study enrolled 1170 African American and Caribbean Black 13–17 year old youth. Obesity was defined based on the cutoff points of body mass index (BMI) appropriate for age and gender of youth. Family support was measured using a five-item measure that captured emotional and tangible social support. Age, gender, and ethnicity were also measured. Logistic regressions were utilized in the pooled sample, and also based on gender, ethnicity, and their intersection, to test the link between low family support and risk for obesity. Results: In the pooled sample, low family support was not associated with an increased risk of obesity (OR = 1.35, 95% Confidence Interval (CI) = 0.96–1.89). The association between low family support and risk of obesity was, however, significant among African American females (OR = 1.60, 95% CI = 1.01–2.55). There was no association for African American males (OR = 1.26, 95% CI = 0.82–1.92), Caribbean Black males (OR = 0.68, 95% CI = 0.01–54.85), and Caribbean Black females (OR = 0.78, 95% CI = 0.42–1.44). In conclusion, policies and programs that enable African American families to provide additional family support may prevent obesity among African American female youth. Future research should test the efficacy of promoting family support as a tool for preventing obesity among African American female youth.
On the Role of AlN Insertion Layer in Stress Control of GaN on 150-mm Si (111) Substrate
Authors: Lin Po-Jung , Tien Ching-Ho , Wang Tzu-Yu , Chen Che-Lin , Ou Sin-Liang , Chung Bu-Chin , Wuu Dong-Sing
Published: May 2017

In this study, low-temperature (LT) and high-temperature (HT) AlN insertion layers (ILs) grown at 680 and 970 °C were integrated with 3.7-μm GaN-based heterostructure grown on 150-mm Si (111) substrates by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition. Under a V/III flow ratio of 1960, the GaN epilayer with a continuous interface resulting from the LT AlN IL was subject to a compressive stress of −0.109 GPa. However, the GaN epilayer with discontinuous interfaces resulting from the HT AlN IL growth under the same flow ratio was subject to a tensile stress of 0.174 GPa. To realize continuous interfaces between the GaN epilayer and HT AlN IL, a higher V/III ratio of 5960 was utilized to suppress the decomposition of GaN. It results in changing the stress state of the GaN-based heterostructure from tensile to compressive. This strategic finding indicates that a stress-controllable GaN on Si can be achieved via the incorporation of HT AlN ILs. A minimum curvature at 5 km−1 is demonstrated for the 3.7-μm GaN-based heterostructure on a 150-mm Si (111) substrate, which has high potential for power switching device applications.
Persistent Gaps of Knowledge for Naming and Distinguishing Multiple Species of Crown-of-Thorns-Seastar in the Acanthaster planci Species Complex
Authors: Haszprunar Gerhard , Vogler Catherine , Wörheide Gert
Published: May 2017

Nearly a decade ago, DNA barcoding (partial mitochondrial COI gene sequences) showed that there are at least four species in the Indo-Pacific within what was previously conceived to be a single Crown-of-Thorns-Seastar (COTS) species, Acanthaster planci. Two of these species—A. planci Linnaeus, 1758, distributed in the North Indian Ocean, and A. mauritiensis de Loriol, 1885, distributed in the South Indian Ocean—have been already unequivocally named. In contrast, the Pacific COTS (proposed name: A. solaris (Schreber, 1795) and the COTS from the Red Sea (still to be named) require further taxonomic work. COI barcoding sequences and Barcode Identification Numbers (BINs) are available for all four COTS species in the global Barcode of Life Database (BOLD). We recommend depositing voucher specimens or tissue samples suitable for DNA analyses when studying any aspect of COTS, and use BINs to identify species, to ensure that no information is lost on species allocation until unequivocal Linnean names are available for the Pacific and Red Sea species as well. We also review the differences between COTS species with respect to morphology, ecology, and toxicity. Future studies should widen the current biogeographic coverage of the different COTS species by strategically sampling neglected areas, especially at the geographic distribution limits of each species, to enhance our understanding of the diversity of this reef coral predator.