bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Preliminary Study on Muscle Force Estimation using Musculoskeletal Model for Upper Limb Rehabilitation with Assistive Device for Home Setting
Authors: Fadzli Muhamad , Hanafusa Akihiko , Kubota Yuji , Nishimori Daigo
Published: November 2019

Post-stroke rehabilitation using assistive device has the potential to cover the need for improvement of the upper limb functionality. Moreover, using a biomechanical model to estimate the muscle activity during the rehabilitation training could improve the training module as well as help understand the target muscle during the motion of body part while using the assistive device. In this study, the author has focused on using a musculoskeletal model of the right arm to estimate the individual muscle force by simulating the movement of the right arm while using the developed assistive device. A developed upper limb assistive device has been investigated for its potential as a rehabilitation device for persons with physical disability of upper limb motion. The muscle force estimation is based on an inverse dynamic method, improved with additional constraints of the joints in order to obtain the muscle’s activity from motion capture data. The acquired muscle force data could be used to improve the arm assistive device in rehabilitation training for home setting purpose.
Segmentation of Relevant Region in Breast Histopathology Images using FCM with Guided Initialization
Authors: Jian Tan Xiao , Nazahah Mustafa , Yusoff Mashor Mohd , Shakir Ab Rahman Khairul
Published: November 2019

This study proposes a modified initialization approach for the conventional FCM, namely FCM with guided initialization. The FCM with guided initialization was implemented to segment the relevant regions in the breast histopathology images. The initialization method to select initial centers is based on the Cyan (C) channel histogram. Area Overlap Measure (AOM) and Combined Equal Importance (CEI) were used to evaluate the performance of the proposed FCM with guided initialization. The obtained AOM and CEI for the overall dataset achieved promising results: 0.89 in AOM and 0.88 in CEI. When comparing the number of iterations required to complete the proposed FCM clustering algorithm, the FCM with guided initialization is found to be effective in reducing the search space by showing a lower number of iterations.
Fundamental design of thermoelectrical nature air conditioning system in small room for living cat (mammalian)
Authors: Yahya Muhd Nur Rahman , Amin Muhammad Azam Md , Ismail Muhammad Izham , Razlan Zuradzman Mohamad , Bakar Shahriman Abu , Khairunizam Wan , Zunaidi I
Published: November 2019

Living mammalian especially European cats will face some problems when traveling from cold ambient in Europe to hot ambient country. Some of the problems are, these cats will become panting when exposed to the high temperature of ambient for a short term. Also, for a long term exposed to high temperature, the cats will experience heat stress and hair loss. The objectives of this study are on cat thermal comfort, cooling load for cat compartment, and analysis of air flow to achieve the desired temperature for the cat compartment using CFD simulation. In this study, three parts of analysis will be considered in CFD simulations which are the thermal distribution for four Peltier plates with aluminium heat sink using ANSYS Transient Thermal, air flow in the ducting to a cold heat sink, and air flow distribution in cat compartment using ANSYS Fluent. The temperature for the Persian cat’s thermal comfort is around 20-25°C. Cooling load gain from designed portable cat compartment with the desired space is 177 W. By ANSYS Transient Thermal, time taken for heat sink change from 22°C to 12°C is around 200-250 seconds. Then, by using ANSYS Fluent, the temperature of initial air temperature in the ducting when flow through a cold heat sink was changed from 27.15°C to 20.93°C by simple cooling. Next, the average air temperature in the cat’s compartment is 23.83°C that achieved average thermal comfort for mammal or Persian cat which is 20-25°C of dry bulb temperature. However, the study only focuses on steady-state dry air simple cooling analysis only with the laminar flow as a preliminary result by CFD simulation before build the actual portable cat compartment. The dry air simulation can be assumed similar as humid air for simple cooling process only proved by the comparison of the same cooling capacities values towards the different value of absolute humidity.
Numerical Analysis on Modelling Thermal Comfort Minor Operation Theatre
Authors: Yahya Muhd Nur Rahman , Amin Muhammad Azam Md , Ismail Muhammad Izham , Razlan Zuradzman Mohamad , Bakar Shahriman Abu , Khairunizam Wan , Zunaidi I
Published: November 2019

An operation theatre (OT) is a special room inside the hospital where medical surgery is carried out by a surgeon with the help of medical personnel. Technical standards or requirements which have been set for heating, ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC) inside an operation theatre is important not only for the comfort of surgeon, patient, and medical personnel, but also to reduce the risk of surgical site infection during surgery. This research focus on Minor Operation Theatre (MOT) which is dental surgery room at Universiti Malaysia Perlis Health Centre with room dimensions of 2.89 m(H)×3.12 m(W)×3.4 m(L) is used for numerical analysis. The air flow supplied to the MOT is from single unit air-conditioning system. Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) analysis is a part of an investigation to determine the air flow and temperature distribution inside the MOT. A simulation conducted by using ANSYS Fluent only consider dry air inside MOT. Therefore, the main aim of this research is to compare and analyze the simulation of dry air conducted with previously obtained experimental data of humid air distribution inside the MOT. The comparison of humid and dry air temperature throughout the MOT shows that the difference is 25.3%. The average temperature of humid air inside the MOT is 21.8 °C while for dry air is 16.3 °C. Moreover, the cooling capacity of humid air and dry air are 2.23 kW and 1.64 kW respectively. Thus, the difference between humid air and dry air-cooling capacity is 26.5%. However, the dry air simulation and humid air simulation is the same if only the process is considered as simple cooling.
Internet of Things (IoT) Fall Detection using Wearable Sensor
Authors: Yee Loh Mei , Chin Lim Chee , Fook Chong Yen , Dali Maslia Binti , Basah Shafriza Nisha , Chee Lim Sin
Published: November 2019

The IoT fall detection system detects the fall through the data classification of falling and daily living activity. It includes microcontroller board (Arduino Mega 2560), Inertial Measurement Unit sensor (Gy-521 mpu6050) and WI-FI module (ESP8266-01). There total ten (10) subjects in this project. The data of falling and non-falling (daily living activity) can be identified. The falling is the frontward fall, while the daily living activity includes standing, sitting, walking and crouching. K-nearest neighbour (k-NN) classifiers were used in the data classification. The accuracy of k-NN classifiers were 100% between falling and non-falling class. The feature was selected based on the percentage of accuracy of the k-NN classifier. The features of the Aareal.z (97.14%) and Angle.x (97.24%) were selected due to the good performance during the classification of the falling and non-falling class. The performance of the Aareal.z (58.41%) and Angle.x (57.78%) were satisfactory during the sub-classification of the non-falling class. Hence, the feature of Aareal.z and Angle.x were selected as the features which were implemented in the IoT fall detection device.
Silane treatment of coated carbonate apatite scaffold affects bioactivity and cell viability
Authors: Mamat Normahira , Jaafar Mariatti , Hamid Zuratul Ain Abdul , Yahaya Badrul Hisham
Published: November 2019

The aim of this study is to determine effects of surface treatment on coated-carbonate apatite (CO3Ap) scaffold using silane coupling agent of 3-(trimethoxysilyl) propyl methacrylate. The effect of coating properties with and without surface treatment were investigated through in vitro bioactivity and biocompatibility. Firstly, CO3Ap scaffold was fabricated by transforming β-TCP scaffold via hydrothermal treatment. CO3Ap scaffolds were treated in 2% silane solution before coating in chitosan solution (0.5%, 1% and 2%) by dipping method. The coated scaffold without silane treatment denoted as UTR while with silane treatment denoted as TR. It was found that, the presence of Si-OH group enhanced apatite growth on the coated scaffold. TR0.5 has capability to induce apatite growth for 7 days immersion in HBSS compared to UTR0.5. Rougher surface and different surface charge properties have influenced cell viability on the coated CO3Ap scaffold. To be concluded, it is important to note that bioactivity and cell activity were forced by surface energy or topography, composition and electrostatic interaction.
Electrical Stimulation in Combating Pressure Ulcer for Immobilize Subjects: A Conceptual Framework
Authors: Azman Amelia Wong , Fajingbesi Fawwaz Eniola , Ahmad Zuraida , Mustafah Yasir Mohd , Olanrewaju Rashidah Funke , Hamzaid Nur Azah
Published: November 2019

A paradigm shift in health system did intensify the need for research on wearable electronics. There are numerous reasons that could lead to skin ulcers. The most common are lesion due to constant pressure, incontinence control, excessive humidity and postural changes. Over the years, there have been numerous interventions ranging from specific skin treatment, introducing prevention programs as well as to mechanical intervention. On the rise in such clinical rehabilitation program is the use of electrical stimulation (ES) at a therapeutic level, wound care and muscle function restoration. This paper presents a concept development and implementation process of a new pressure ulcer intervention system which can be used for both chairbound and bedridden patients. The concept here is to integrate the use of electrical stimulation, interface pressure mapping and redistribution with antimicrobial protection not only to act as therapeutic but at the same time as a means of prevention of pressure ulcers by improving muscle tone and decreasing atrophy among immobilized subjects.
Assessment of an Arterial Stiffness to Demonstrate AVF Performance: Modelling Approach
Authors: Mien T’ng Chien , Yahud Shuhaida
Published: November 2019

Arteriovenous fistula (AVF) defined as shunting in the arterial system and the venous conduit is a preferred vascular access used in haemodialysis. The AVF provide a sufficient increase in blood flow rates for effective dialysis. However maintaining AVF patency become the greatest challenge for dialysis patient. Complications arise from this includes stenosis, aneurism and thrombosis. In previous studies, several methods are used to evaluate the performance of AVF. This study will focus on the assessment of arterial stiffness to demonstrate the performance of a side-to-side AVF. The condition of arterial stiffness which alter haemodynamic of AVF, in fact, will affect its performance and functionality. To gain insight and understanding for the haemodynamic condition, a healthy AVF (without arterial stiffening) has been modelled in the computational fluid dynamic (CFD) framework. The aim of this project is therefore to develop a modelling approach, suitable for the analyses of blood flow field to predict the performance and patency of AVF. A 3D CFD method is proposed to analysis flow field or haemodynamic in terms of blood flow velocity, blood pressure and wall shear stress (WSS) along the AVF. A laminar flow was introduced for the simulation of healthy AVF. Correlations in these haemodynamic parameters to assess the vascular failure supports hypothesis suggesting flow field as predicator for AVF performance. Haemodynamic effects lead to AVF failure were determined. Significant flow disturbances with abnormally high or low WSS obtained from the simulation is used as a primary indicator.
Prediction of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) Using Machine Learning Techniques with Boruta Algorithm as Feature Selection Method
Authors: Leong Lee Kuok , Abdullah Azian Azamimi
Published: November 2019

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most frequent incurable neurodegenerative disease, a general term for memory loss and other cognitive abilities. Early detection of AD can help with proper treatment and prevent brain tissue damage. Traditional medical tests are time consuming, fail to recognize early signs and lack of diagnosis sensitivity and specificity. To achieve promising prediction accuracy, the best predictive machine learning model is selected based on initial pre-processing step followed by vital attributes selection and performance evaluation for five proposed supervised machine learning algorithms. In the pre-processing, all the missing values have been removed since the overall percentage only covered 5.63%. Boruta algorithm as feature selection method resulted Atlas Scaling Factor, Estimated Total Intracranial Volume, Normalized Whole-brain Volume, Mini-Mental State Examination and Clinical Dementia Rating must be included as primary features. With Boruta algorithm, it has been shown that Random Forest Grid Search Cross Validation (RF GSCV) outperformed with 94.39% of accuracy, 88.24% sensitivity, 100.00% specificity and 94.44% AUC among other 12 models that includes conventional and fine-tuned models even for the small OASIS-2 longitudinal MRI dataset. Finally, our developed Graphical User Interface (GUI) prediction tool was evaluated through prediction over OASIS-1 cross-sectional MRI dataset containing 216 samples of imaging sessions that have been pre-processed. Prediction results were closed with the dementia status provided in OASIS cross-sectional data fact sheet.
Development of a Biomechanical Model to Study the Effects of Lifting Load on Sciatic Pain
Authors: Inam Shehla , Ali Zainab , Wahab Haleema , Shaheen Hina , Amin Faisal , Ur Rehman Muhammad Zia , Toor Hamza , Shafique Muhammad
Published: November 2019

Sciatica is a frequently encountered leg pain that originates in the human lower back and travels down the buttocks through the large sciatic nerve present in the back of the leg. Due to lifting heavy loads at different angles, the humans could acquire sciatica at different levels. Thus, the reason of using biomechanical model was to mimic the human spine in such a way that the increased force while lifting the load could easily be measured. This could help to beware the humans to not lifting load at these angles. This paper presents the findings of an experiment conducted to measure the increased forces at 6 different angles i.e. 95°, 105°, 115°, 125°, 135° and 145°. Experiments were carried out by connecting the model and a load cell with PASCO CAPSTONE. Results were concluded using both statistical and graphical analysis. The resultant force increased as the angle of bending was increased due to increased load on the back model. Stair climbing is one of the unique exercises which is frequently used and helps in maintaining the leg muscles active and healthy.
Predictive Systems: Role of Feature Selection in Prediction of Heart Disease
Authors: Panda Debjani , Ray Ratula , Abdullah Azian Azamimi , Dash Satya Ranjan
Published: November 2019

As per recent trends heart disease has become the major factor for untimely deaths. There are huge amounts of clinical data available from biomedical devices and various applications used by hospitals. Artificial Intelligence is rigorously being used in predicting conditions of heart patients. This is mainly achieved by machine learning where a model is trained with sample cases and is then used for prediction of the ailment as per data available from clinical tests of the patient. This paper focuses in analyzing the accuracy of various classification algorithms, when they are supervised by set of features. Feature selection plays an important role in eliminating redundant and irrelevant features and reduces the training cost and time of the predictive models. The classification algorithms, which have been analyzed include Naive Bayes, Random Forest, Extra Trees and Logistic regression which have been provided with selected features using least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) and Ridge regression. The accuracy of the classifiers shows remarkable improvement after using feature selection. The prediction has improved on an average by 33.3% using Lasso regression as compared to 30.73% using ridge regression.
Gait Asymmetry Assessment using Muscle Activity Signal: A Review of Current Methods
Authors: Abdul Halim Husnir Nasyuha , Azaman Aizreena , Manaf Haidzir , Saidin Syafiqah , Zulkapri Izwyn , Yahya Azli
Published: November 2019

Gait asymmetry is a type of gait characteristics when there is difference in gait parameters statistically, measured bilaterally between left and right limbs. Gait asymmetry assessment is used to observe changes or deviation in gait due to pathological condition, effect of rehabilitation program or to give insight on effect of gait on stability and fall-risk. The assessments of gait asymmetry could be measured by using spatiotemporal, kinetics, kinematics parameters or by analysis of muscle activity signals obtained from surface electromyography (EMG). However, EMG-based assessment for gait asymmetry is not well explored compared to assessment using other gait parameters. This review aims to compare research designs, methods and procedure of previous studies that utilized EMG for gait asymmetry analysis. Therefore, any research in the future that involved gait asymmetry measurement could take note on and produce more reliable findings.
Prediction system of carbon monoxide toxic gas monitoring using double moving average method
Authors: Hasibuan Eriansyah , Harahap H , Hardi S , Suherman S , Fahmi F
Published: November 2019

Health information at this time is very essential to support the continuity improvement of human life. One of the causes of problems to health in humans is the air pollution. It is necessary to have a monitoring system to provide information on air pollution. In this research, a monitoring system for air pollutant gas, specifically Carbon Monoxide (CO) was developed and calibrated with a prediction system using the double moving average method. The prototype for monitoring CO gas used MQ7 sensor, connected with an Arduino microcontroller and GPRS module. Data readings and prediction results were then displayed in real time connected to the web server. The result of developed system were carried out in the KIM area Port Belawan I, by measuring using CO gas prototypes and sending data in real time to the web server in the internal time of 1 hour 13 minutes. We collected 44 log data from the measurement results of data received from CO gas prototypes. The time range of predictive data with real-time gas CO data is 4 minutes on average. The prediction results using the double moving average method have a maximum mean average percentage error MAPE of 3.39% and a minimum MAPE of 0.74%. While the maximum mean square error MSE is 5.84 and minimum MSE of 0.27.
Harmonic Analysis of Ionospheric Total Electron Content (TEC) Using Kalman Filter
Authors: Muslim Buldan , Charisma Juni K , Erlansyah
Published: November 2019

The ionospheric diurnal variation from TEC Global Ionospheric Maps (GIM) data at the epicenter coordinates of the Lombok earthquake on July 29 2018 (-8.4°, 116.5°) has been analyzed using harmonic function which is the sum of the sine and cosine functions with estimated harmonic coefficients obtained using Kalman Filter (KF) method. The initial value of the estimated KF method was obtained from Least Square Estimation (LSE) on the first day data. The estimated TEC value by the KF method shows that there are seasonal variations of the peak values of diurnal variations which is a result of variation in the zenith angle of the sun that change over a year with peaks in March and November in the equator. The results of the first-order harmonic amplitude analysis, namely the diurnal TEC variation (A24) which is the root value of the sum of the squared values of the A1 and B1 coefficients were further analyzed by estimating polynomials with order 17 to eliminate the seasonal effect on A24. The difference in value of A24 from its estimation with order 17 polynomial (delta A24) shows the influence of geomagnetic and seismic activity. A24 analysis based on solar radiation flux at wavelength 10.7 cm (F10.7) does not indicate a strong influence or relationship> Equatorial geomagnetic disturbance index (etc.) shows the influence of geomagnetic storms on diurnal amplitude and earthquake data around Lombok indicating symptoms of pre-earthquake that affects the ionospheric TEC through a decrease in diurnal amplitude a few days before the earthquake.
Effect of Premium-Butanol Blends on Fuel Consumption and Emissions on Gasoline Engine with Cold EGR System
Authors: Sanjaya Firman Lukman , Syaiful  , Sinaga dan Nazarudin
Published: November 2019

Butanol is renewable fuel that can be used as a solution for the increasing fuel consumption and emissions. This is because of the high octane number in butanol increase the effectiveness of the combustion. In addition, high oxygen content in butanol can reduce CO and HC emissions. The purpose of this study is to determine the optimal mixture of premium and butanol on fuel consumption and exhaust emissions on gasoline engines. This study uses a Toyota 7K engine equipped with an Cold EGR system. The percentage of addition butanol in gasoline fuels is 5%, 10%, and 15%. The experiment was carried out at a variation of 2500 rpm to 4000 rpm engine speed. The experimental results show that the addition of butanol in gasoline reduces fuel consumption by 1.9%. The use of the Cold EGR system results in fuel consumption of 0.31 kG.kW/hours in the P85B15 mixture. This value is 16.8% lower than without using the Cold EGR system. Addition of butanol to fuel also increases the EGT. However, the EGT value decreases with the use of the Cold EGR System. The use of a mixture of gasoline and butanol reduced carbon monoxide (CO) and hydrocarbons (HC) by 74.2% and 46.3%. The percentage of CO2 also showed an increase of 58.6 %. However, the use of the Cold EGR system increases the value of HC and CO. The use of the Cold EGR system also increases the value of CO2 emissions by 19.04% compared without using the Cold EGR system.
The Valuation of Deposit Insurance with Risk Using Fourier Transform
Authors: Afnia Nur , Yunus Mahmud , Putri Endah R. M.
Published: November 2019

Deposit insurance is a tool to stabilize a banking system. In deposit insurance, the insured risk is the risk of the bank’s failure to fulfill its obligations to the customer because of its revoked license. The application of a flat rate deposit insurance system will lead to moral hazard problems, and cause a banking crisis as the banks get involved to risky activities. To anticipate this, it is necessary to design a deposit insurance premium which calculating the different risk levels of each bank. One method that can be used is Fourier transforms. The purpose of this study is to obtain a deposit insurance with risk premium model from the Black-Scholes Model by using Fourier transform. Based on the simulation results, the research found the value of volatility and interest rate is directly proportional to the value of deposit insurance premiums, as well as the value of debt obligations. The high value of deposit insurance premiums is also influenced by the value of dividends, however the value of insurance premiums has changed insignificantly prior to n period, therefore the value of deposit insurance premiums from zero to n period has changed insignificantly.
Indonesian community welfare levels clustering using the fuzzy subtractive clustering (FCM) method
Authors: Cahyaningrum P Laras Sakti , Irsalinda Nursyiva
Published: November 2019

Clustering is a technique used to classify objects or cases into groups based on their similarity, called clusters or groups. Objects in each group tend to resemble each other and differ greatly (not the same) with objects from other clusters. Public welfare is a condition of fulfilling the material, spiritual and social needs of citizens in order to be able to live properly. Fuzzy Subtractive Clustering (FSC) method is a clustering algorithm that can form the number and centroid of clusters in accordance with data conditions. This study aims to determine the FSC results in grouping the level of welfare of the Indonesian people in 2017. The testing results of the cluster validity index show 2 values of Partition Entropy and Classification Entropy forming into 2 clusters that have the best value, indicating that the provincial group has a high welfare level and the provincial group has a low welfare level.
Mushroom Images Identification Using Orde 1 Statistics Feature Extraction with Artificial Neural Network Classification Technique
Authors: Fadlil Abdul , Umar Rusydi , Gustina Sapriani
Published: November 2019

There are many kinds of mushrooms difficult to identified manually. Because of that, a certain system that can be used to identify mushrooms is needed. One feature that artificial intelligence has is image identification. One image that can be identified mushroom image. Mushroom image identification can contribute to artificial intelligence technology development. Computer-based mushroom image identification can be done by conducting a segmentation process that converts the original image to a grayscale image. The mushroom image pattern characteristics are selected and separated using a feature extraction process. Mushrooms feature extraction conducted by using orde 1 statistics. Feature extraction results are classified using the Artificial Neural Network method with the Backpropagation Algorithm. Classification process carried out by training and testing with neurons variations 5, 10, 15 and 20, while hidden layers are 0.1, 0.3, 0.5, 0.7, and 0.9 with 10,000 times iteration. 30 images that are consist of 15 images for training data and 15 images for test data. From research can be seen that mushroom image identification using orde 1 statistics features extraction with artificial neuron network has the best result with 93% accuracy on neuron 20. Mushroom’s image identification system that is developed can be implemented in other applications.
Identification of Cyber Bullying by using Clustering Methods on Social Media Twitter
Authors: Meliana Nina , Sunardi  , Fadlil Abdul
Published: November 2019

In today’s era social media is very important for some people, because it is the nature of social media that can make people addicted to using social media, this has been widely proven in terms of medical, social interaction has been reduced due to social media, things related to the physical to be reduced, for example going out, and playing outdoors for children, for adults social media can be positive and negative, positive if used to offer old friends who don’t meet for long, but negative things can be used to crime or things that are not good, what else will soon be the presidential election, social media becomes a place or means of defamation of one party with another, the initial goal of social media is to build good relations Actually, there is a sentence that says “Yout thumb your tiger” with comments that are not good on social media. If we take us to the criminal section, and our words on social media can be legally justified, one example is intimidation, intimidation is one of the ITE Law articles, intimidation will be lifted from Twitter’s social media, with Twitter we can see examples how much of this intimidation. In retrieving data on social media there are several methods used in retrieving data, the method used is the clustering method or data grouping method. The study used the Naive Bayes and Decision Tree J48 classification method. The results to be obtained in this study are the Naive Bayes method which obtained an average value of the overall scenario of 92% success rate and 8% not detected and the result of Decision Tree J48 method with an accuracy value of 100%. The most widely used type of cyberbullying is psychology related bullying or related to one’s ignorance or nature.
Stability Analysis on the Spread of the Ebola Virus Considering Changes in Human Behavior and Climate (Case Study: Democratic Republic of the Congo)
Authors: Sitti Rosnafian S , Mardlijah  , Hariyanto
Published: November 2019

In this paper construction of the SEIR (Susceptible-Exposed-Infected-Recovery) type mathematical model consider account the influence of changes in human behavior and climate in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DR Congo) in the form of differential equations to describe the spread of the Ebola virus. The relationship between climate and behavior change is represented in the form of parameters (α). The constructed system is then validated with existence and uniqueness. Furthermore, an analysis of the spread of the virus was carried out with stability analysis. Based on the results of stability analysis, the system around the endemic equilibrium point is unstable. In the final stage a simulation was carried out to obtain a visual picture of the spread of the Ebola virus in DR Congo.
Design of Automatic Braking System Using Interval Type-2 Fuzzy Logic System
Authors: Setiady Dwi , Wahyunggoro Oyas , Nugroho Prapto
Published: November 2019

The car braking system is a very important part of car safety. The effectiveness of Conventional braking system is strongly influenced by the ability and the driver’s experience. It is very vulnerable to accidents if the driver fails to operate the braking system. Because of that, an automation of the braking system is needed that can decrease the accident’s impact. The Automatic braking systems require the reasoning to manage information before making a decision that brakes or slows down. There is uncertainty in determining membership function of distance and velocity. It is difficult to determine an exact membership function. In this paper, the system use Interval type-2 fuzzy logic control that can work well in an unstructured environment and have the ability to overcome the uncertainty of information. This system will be compared with the braking system using T1FLS. The result is that the pressure on the brake pads is gradually increased. At a distance of 34 m, the pressure is at maximum value. The changes produced by the automatic braking system that uses IT2FLS increase the average pressure of 4,167% while in T1FLS system, a change in growth greater pressure by an average of 5%. In IT2FLS braking system, braking is gradually increasing smoother than T1FLS.
Design and Development of Calculation System for Normalized Difference in Vegetation Index (NDVI) Using Landsat 8 Satellite Image
Authors: Sunardi  , Fadlil Abdul , Laspandi Jamaludin Dwi
Published: November 2019

The satellite image is a Earth’s surface image recorder that is performed without physical contact with the object. Satellite imagery can also be used as a solution to get the information of a wide area that is covered by vegetation. Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) is an index depicting the level of a green plant with a combined tally of the Visible Red Band and the Near Infrared Band. Visible Red Band is the band of Landsat satellite image 8 whereas Near Infrared Band is a band 5 of Landsat satellite image 8. This research intends to build a system of counting of NDVI data by making use of satellite images Landsat 8 on the special region of Yogyakarta. The equation used in this study is the equation correction between Visible Red Band and Near Infrared Band from Landsat 8 satellite imagery and NDVI equation. Zoom functions and masking is also built into the system so it can be more focused on the area that wants to the canvas. The results of this research are in the form of value and a map of the NDVI that have been colors segmented in the Province of Yogyakarta.
Kelakai Extract Protects Skin From UV-Induced Oxidative Damage
Authors: Mashuri M , Sihombing L D M , Alfaqihah S , Edyson E , Suhartono E
Published: November 2019

Oxidative stress is an unbalance situation between oxidant and antioxidant. Oxidative stress can be caused by UV exposure until it can result skin damage. This damage caused by the production of reactive oxygen compound (ROC), such as excessive superoxide anion. Thus, natural exogen antioxidant is needed, that is Kelakai. This research is pure experimental research with rats (Rattus norvegicus) as its subject. There were 24 samples were divided into 4 treatment groups; samples were chosen used simple random sampling method and repetition value used Federe method. Kelakai leaves were extracted using ethanol with maseration method. Superoxide anion level and superoxide dismutase enzyme activities were measured with Misra and Fridovich method; carbonyl level was measured using modified DNPH (dinitro phenilhidrazin) method; and conjugated diena level was measured with Kwiat Kowska method. The data was analysed statistically, and resulted significant differences between the group that only exposed to UV and the group that was given Kelakai extract and exposed to UV. Based on that result, it can be concluded that Kelakai extract can influence superoxide dismutase activities, superoxide anion level, carbonyl level, and conjugated diena in rats skin exposed to UV.
Anti-diabetic properties of root extracts of Ruellia tuberosa L: effects on serum enzyme activity
Authors: Safitri A , Roosdiana A , Arrochmah N , Nur’Adya S S
Published: November 2019

This study aims to determine the anti-diabetic properties of the root extracts of Ruellia tuberosa L to enzymes (amylase, protease, and lipase) activities in serum of diabetic rats. Rats were divided into five groups: control, diabetic, and treatment groups with doses of 250, 375, and 500 mg/kg body weights. All treatment groups received root extracts of R. tuberosa L for 21 days by oral administration. Results from LC-MS study revealed that the flavonoids compounds including sorbifolin, cirsimaritin, cirsimarin, and cirsiliol 4’-glucoside, were detected in the extracts. The animal study results showed decreases in blood glucose levels by 54.56%, 37.70%, and 16.79%, for treatment doses of 250, 375, and 500 mg/kg body weights, respectively. All enzymes activities increased in diabetic rats, and after treatment the enzyme activities decreased. The decreases in protease activity were 52%, 36%, and 20% for doses of 250, 375, and 500 mg/kg body weights, respectively. In addition, the amylase and lipase activities also showed similar trends with decreasing activities to 63% and 51%, 42% and 37%, 16% and 21%, for treatment doses of 250, 375, and 500 mg/kg body weights, respectively.
Anti-inflammatory Activity of Quercitrin on Hypoxia-induced EA.hy926
Authors: Ginting C N , Lister I N E , Girsang E , Mutia M S , Lubis Y E P , Amalia A , Rizal R , Widowati W
Published: November 2019

The evidence support the existence of oxygen deprivation involved in pregnancy disorder or preeclampsia. The intensive hypoxia also regulates production of placental pro-inflammatory cytokines. Quercitrin belongs to flavonoid group is known to have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity. This study aims to determine the potential of Quercitrin as anti-inflammatory in hypoxia-induced EA.hy926 as preeclampsia model. The cytotoxic assay of Quercitrin against EA.hy926 was conducted using MTS (3-4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-5-(3-carboxymethoxyphenyl)-2-(4-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium). The data were analyzed using SPSS ver 20.0 software. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was conducted, followed Tukey HSD post-hoc test and p<0.05 was considered to be significant. The anti-inflammatory potential of Quercitrin (25 and 6.25 μg/ml) toward hypoxia-induced EA.hy926 was determined using ELISA to measure IL-10 and TNF-α. Quercitrin (3.13 - 25 μg/ml) were nontoxic to the EA.hy926 cells. Quercitrin (25 and 6.25 μg/ml) were capable to reduce TNF-α compared to positive control (2% O2 hypoxia-induced cells) but no significant increase in IL-10. Our study suggests that quercitrin possess anti-inflammatory properties through suppression of TNF-α in hypoxia-induced EA.hy926 cells.
Effect of DHA Supplementation on The MDA and SOD Levels in Protein Malnourished Rats
Authors: Sanyoto D D , Asnawati A , Triawanti T
Published: November 2019

Protein malnutrition interferes with the synthesis of enzymes served as antioxidants while reducing antioxidants concentration in tissues, leading to oxidative stress. One of the most stable markers of oxidative stress is malondialdehyde (MDA). Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) has an important role in inhibiting oxidative stress and protecting the tissue from peroxidative damage to lipids and proteins, thereby reducing oxidative stress in the tissue. This study aimed to analyze the effect of DHA on the MDA and superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels in protein malnourished rats. This study was carried out using the rat model Rattus norvegicus. After delivery, the rats were classified into two groups, namely, the malnutrition group (MG) and the non-malnutrition group (NMG). The MG was given low-protein diet since birth until 50 days old. The MG was further classified into two subgroups, namely the control malnutrition group with normal feed recovery (CMG), and the treated malnutrition group with normal feed recovery and DHA supplementation for 6 weeks (TMG). At the end of treatment, the blood MDA and SOD levels were assessed. The results showed that the MDA levels in the NMG, CMG, and TMG were 812.75 μM, 647.75 μM, and 624.00 μM respectively. The SOD levels were 19.40 μM, 19.20 μM, and 26.80 μM, respectively. The Kruskal Wallis test showed a significant difference in MDA levels between groups (p = 0.001). The posthoc test using the Mann Whitney test showed that the MDA level in TMG was significantly different from that in NMG, but not significantly different from CMG. The Anova test showed a significant difference in SOD levels between groups (p = 0.000). The Tukey posthoc test showed that the SOD level in TMG was significantly different from that in NMG and CMG. DHA has been shown to play an antioxidant role in malnutrition. DHA can increase the levels of SOD enzymes so that oxidative stress that occurs in malnutrition can be reduced. This is proven by the decrease in MDA levels as a lipid peroxidation product. It can be concluded that DHA supplementation can reduce the MDA levels and increase the SOD levels in protein malnourished rats.
The Effect of High Fat High Fructose Diet (Modification of AIN-93M) on Nuclear Factor Kappa Beta Expression in the Liver Tissue of Male Sprague Dawley Rats
Authors: Engel M M S , Kusumastuty I , Anita K W , Handayani D
Published: November 2019

Metabolic inflammation (low-grade inflammation) remains an etiopathogenic key factor in the development of metabolic syndrome. Nuclear Factor Kappa Beta (NF-κβ) is a transcription regulator of genes having a role in immunity, the inflammatory response which can be associated with obesity-related pathological conditions like nonalcoholic fatty liver (NAFLD). Various stimuli, such as metabolic stress (hyperglycemia, ROS, fat metabolism) and proinflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β) could activate NF-κβ. This study was aimed to investigate the underlying molecular mechanisms of NAFLD in rats fed a modified AIN-93M HFHF (High Fat High Fructose) diet. The design of this study was experimental post-test only controlled group design. Thirty male Sprague Dawley rats were distributed into 2 treatment groups by a completely randomized design (CRD) technique. The sacrifice was performed after 17 weeks of treatment. NF-κβ expression was assessed by an immunohistochemical method (IRS score). The results showed there were significant differences in feed intake and energy intake between groups P1 and P2 (p = 0,000, p = 0,000). The average NF-κβ expression in the P2 group was significantly higher (p = 0.000) compared to the control group (P1). The correlation test between dietary intake and NF-κβ expression proved that there was a positive correlation between energy, carbohydrate and fat intake on NF-κβ expression (p = 0.001, 0.000, 0.046). However, there was a negative relationship between protein intake and NF-κβ expression (p = 0.000). This study concluded the modified AIN-93M HFHF diet increased NF-κβ expression in the liver tissue of male Sprague Dawley rats.
Protein-based virtual screening: SIRT-1 as modulator maturation of circulating endothelial progenitor cells
Authors: Wihastuti T A , Nurwidyaningtyas W , Tjahjono C T , Heriansyah T
Published: November 2019

Circulating endothelial progenitor cells (cEPCs) are having involvement in the replacing vascular endothelial cells damaged or detachment from the basement membrane. cEPC needs to fulfill both quantity and quality requirements in order to play this important role. After efflux from bone marrow to circulation, niche EPC necessary of maturation to reach the potential for re-endothelialization. Risk factors exposure for cardiovascular disease not only affect the quantity and quality of cEPC, but it is also to be involved in downregulation of SIRT1. SIRT1 downregulation is mostly associated with the mechanism of senescence. Objective. to predict the direction of SIRT-1 interaction with cEPC maturation that is validated with cEPC marker surface using the STRING DB method of protein interaction. Result. SIRT1 interacts with two proteins, inhibiting VEGFA and activating and inhibiting P53. P53 inhibits the expression of p16ink4a, a protein involved in cellular senessence and P53 through AKT involved in CD 309 and ITGA2B expression. Whereas there was a direct interaction of the expression of CD 309 through the VEGFA line; CD117; TIE-2; CD 144; CD62a. Conclusion. SIRT-1 is an intracellular protein that is involved in cellular anti-aging processes but is not directly involved in the expression of EPC marker surfaces.
Decision support system with TOPSIS method for lecturer appraisal in Universitas PGRI Madiun
Authors: Saifulloh S , Pamungkas R , Lenawati M
Published: November 2019

Assessment of lecturer at university is a form of activity to evaluate the performance of each lecturer. PGRI University of Madiun (UNIPMA) always strives to improve accreditation by improving quality with other universities. Making a decision support system is one way to assist in determining lecturer’s assessment in UNIPMA. This decision support system uses the TOPSIS method and will be developed using the Waterfall model. In this study to solve the problem of educator performance assessment that is UNIPMA lecturer. The assessment process includes qualifications of education, learning, research, and the number of community service activities that have been done. By using the TOPSIS method of counting process and giving the result of lecturer appraisal that has been roughed more efficient and precise. Based on the results of the research using lecturer data sampling of 10 educators obtained the highest value data is 0.75 (Very Good) where the range of decision assessment 1 - 0.65 (Very Good), 0.64 - 0.4 (Good), 0.39 - 0.25 (Enough) and 0.24 - 0 (Bad).
Fractionation of bioactive materials temulawak rhizome (Curcuma xanthorrhiza) on fungal Candida albicans in search of phytopharmaca
Authors: Novianti D , Kartika T
Published: November 2019

Candida albicans fungus is a microbiota in the human body that is opportunistic. In general, infections caused by C. albicans are called candidiasis. Some studies have shown that C. albicans is resistant to antifungal agents, so an alternative antifungal medication is needed at affordable and safe prices. One alternative is to increase the use of medicinal herbs. The purpose of the research was to study the possibility of utilizing the Temulawak rhizome as a phytopharmaca material to treat candidiasis disease by C. albicans infection. The specific objective is to isolate the bioactive material and to determine the class of antifungal active fraction of Temulawak rhizome against C. albicans. Isolation of temulawak rhizome by way of extracted by stratified using soxhlet, then done fractionation using the method of vacuum chromatography, then bioautographic test using thin plate chromatography. Testing of bioactive fraction temulawak rhizome using thin plate chromatography obtained purple color indicating the class of terpenoids compounds and yellow color indicating the class of phenols compounds. The fraction of methanol extract from Temulawak rhizome makes it possible to be used as raw material of phytopharmaca because it has antifungal effectiveness against C. albicans.
Feasibility analysis of laying hen business of pullet period
Authors: Puriastuti D P , Leondro H , Sodiq A
Published: November 2019

This research is aimed to find out the feasibility of business on chicken farm owned by Mr. Sahlan in Ngebruk Village, Poncokusumo Subdistrict, Malang Regency. The material used is laying hens pullet period with a population of 6000. The method used in this research is survey method with quantitative approach. The variables observed were revenue, production cost, profit, BEP, and R / C ratio. The research result showed that the acceptance of Rp. 308.312.000, production cost Rp. 274.238.151, BEP will be obtained if the sale price of livestock Rp. 35,588 / Kg and livestock sold 6,891.4 kg, R / C ratio of 1.12. Based on the results of the research can be concluded that the farm of laying hen pullet period belong to Mr. Sahlan deserve to continue.
Artificial Insemination using liquid sperm Filial Ongole Bull after sexed with different methods
Authors: Kusumawati E D , Susilawati T , Isnaini N , Rahayu S , Yekti A P A , Kuswati K , Ridhowi A , Rahadi S
Published: November 2019

The purpose of this study was to determine the success of artificial insemination (AI) using liquid sperm Filial Ongole Bulls after sexed by the percoll density gradient centrifugation (PDGC) and egg white sedimentation (EWS) sexed methods. The study materials were 135 cattle were inseminated using non sexed semen, PDGC and EWS sexed methods. Non-return rate (NRR) and the conception rate (CR) are observed. The research design used for the success of AI using chi square. The result of pregnancy examination at the age of 3 months found 21 head of pregnant cows from 45 cattle in AI with without sexed (control), 14 head of pregnant cattle from 45 cattle in the AI with EWS method, 18 head of pregnant cattle from 45 cattle in AI with PDGC method. The result showed that CR value using liquid sperm result of EWS, PDGC and without sexed were very significant (P <0.01). CR value is still higher sperm without sexed (46.67%) followed by PDGC (40%) and EWS (31.11%). The value of conception rate is lower than sexed using PDGC method. The success of AI showed better PDGC sexed method than EWS sexed method based on AI liquid sperm results with CR analysis.
Liquid waste pollution model and characterization levels from small-scale gold mining activities
Authors: Solihin S , Amukti R , Guntoro D
Published: November 2019

Small scale mining system carried out by local residents in Bunikasih, Sukaluyu Village, Pangalengan District, Bandung Regency causes environmental pollution and long-term ecosystem damage. This is because the mining method does not follow the rules set by the government. To find out the amount of pollution that has occurred, this study was conducted. The research methodology used starts from taking field data samples, then analyzes the chemistry for clean water and waste chemicals. From this study it was found that the presence of heavy metal mercury (Hg) due to mining activities and processing of gold ore using amalgamation with values in the upper reaches of Ciwiwi River = 0.085 mg / kg, in the area of amalgamation gold ore processing = 0.11 mg / kg, and in the lower reaches of Ciwiwi River = 0.097 mg / kg.