bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Exploring the health risks of help-seeking military veterans living in different parts of the UK
Authors: Ashwick RL , Murphy D
Published: September 2017

Background

Little is known about the mental and physical health differences of treatment-seeking military veterans across the different nations that make up the UK. The aim of this research was to explore potential health differences in order to support better service planning.

Methods

A random cross-sectional sample of treatment-seeking veterans residing in England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland was identified from a national mental health charity. 403 veterans completed a questionnaire highlighting their demographics, mental health and physical health difficulties. The data were analysed using a multinomial logistic regression with England as the baseline comparison.

Results

Help-seeking veterans residing in Northern Ireland tended to be older, have experienced less childhood adversity, joined the military after the age of 18 and took longer to seek help. Additionally, veterans from Northern Ireland had higher levels of obesity, sensory, mobility and systemic problems and a greater number of physical health conditions. Scottish and Welsh veterans had a higher risk of smoking and alcohol misuse. No differences were found in mental health presentations.

Conclusion

The findings from this paper suggest that a greater focus needs to be placed on treating physical problems in Northern Irish veterans. Alcohol misuse should be addressed in more detail in treatment programmes, particularly in Scotland and Wales. As few differences were found in the mental health presentations, this suggests that standardised services are adequate.
Increasing organ donation rates by revealing recipient details to families of potential donors
Authors: Shaw David , Gardiner Dale
Published: September 2017

Many families refuse to consent to donation from their deceased relatives or over-rule the consent given before death by the patient, but giving families more information about the potential recipients of organs could reduce refusal rates. In this paper, we analyse arguments for and against doing so, and conclude that this strategy should be attempted. While it would be impractical and possibly unethical to give details of actual potential recipients, generic, realistic information about the people who could benefit from organs should be provided to families before they make a decision about donation or attempt to over-rule it.
Spatial and temporal patterns of covariation in productivity of Chinook salmon populations of the northeastern Pacific Ocean
Authors: Dorner Brigitte , Catalano Matthew J. , Peterman Randall M.
Published: September 2017

We expand on previous analyses of environmental factors related to productivity of Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) populations by analysing data on adult recruits per spawner from 24 wild (not hatchery) Chinook salmon stocks from Oregon through western Alaska. To determine the degree to which changes in productivity are shared and to help identify environmental variables that might be related to those changes, we estimated the magnitude and spatial characteristics of positive correlations in productivity trends among stocks separated by various distances. We used dynamic factor analysis to characterize shared time trends in productivity and found that these trends were most closely associated with the North Pacific Gyre Oscillation and, to a lesser extent, with the location of the bifurcation in the North Pacific Current as it reaches North America’s west coast. Chinook productivity patterns of separate populations have also become more synchronous in recent years, similar to results reported for other species of Pacific salmon. Such recent changes may reduce the resilience of the species to effects of climate change and habitat modification.
Female offspring born to obese and insulin-resistant dams are not at increased risk for obesity and metabolic dysfunction during early development
Authors: Aburasayn Hanin , Al Batran Rami , Gopal Keshav , Almutairi Malak , Eshreif Amina , Eaton Farah , Ussher John R.
Published: September 2017

The percentage of women who are obese at the time of conception or during pregnancy is increasing, with animal and human studies demonstrating that offspring born to obese dams or mothers are at increased risk for obesity and the metabolic syndrome. Our goal was to confirm in an experimental model of metabolic syndrome in the dam, whether the offspring would be at increased risk of obesity. Conversely, we observed that male offspring born to dams with metabolic syndrome had no alterations in their body mass profiles, whereas female offspring born to dams with metabolic syndrome were heavier at weaning, but exhibited no perturbations in energy metabolism. Moreover, they gained weight at a reduced rate versus female offspring born to healthy dams, and thus weighed less at study completion. Hence, our findings suggest that factors other than increased adiposity and insulin resistance during pregnancy are responsible for the increased risk of obesity in children born to obese mothers.
Entangled spin chain
Authors: Salberger Olof , Korepin Vladimir
Published: September 2017

We introduce a new model of interacting spin 1/2. It describes interactions of three nearest neighbors. The Hamiltonian can be expressed in terms of Fredkin gates. The Fredkin gate (also known as the controlled swap gate) is a computational circuit suitable for reversible computing. Our construction generalizes the model presented by Peter Shor and Ramis Movassagh to half-integer spins. Our model can be solved by means of Catalan combinatorics in the form of random walks on the upper half plane of a square lattice (Dyck walks). Each Dyck path can be mapped on a wave function of spins. The ground state is an equally weighted superposition of Dyck walks (instead of Motzkin walks). We can also express it as a matrix product state. We further construct a model of interacting spins 3/2 and greater half-integer spins. The models with higher spins require coloring of Dyck walks. We construct a [Formula: see text] symmetric model (where [Formula: see text] is the number of colors). The leading term of the entanglement entropy is then proportional to the square root of the length of the lattice (like in the Shor–Movassagh model). The gap closes as a high power of the length of the lattice [5, 11].
DFT STUDY OF CO2 ADSORPTION OF CumCon(m+n=2–7) CLUSTERS
Authors: HUO PEI-YING , ZHANG XIU-RONG , YU ZHI-CHENG , GAO KUN , ZHU JUN
Published: September 2017

A theoretical study was carried out of CO2 adsorption on CumCon(2[Formula: see text]7) clusters using density functional method. Generally CO2 are located at top or bridge sites, while CO2 of Cu2Co4CO2, Co6CO2 and Cu2Co5CO2 clusters are absorbed at hollow sites. Co3CO2 and CuCo2CO2 clusters are more stable than their neighbors, while Cu2CO2 and Cu6CO2 clusters display stronger chemical stability. After adsorption, CO2 is activated with the elongation of the C–O bond owing to electrons transfer from Cu–Co clusters to 2[Formula: see text] anti-bonding orbit of CO2. More charge transfer often corresponds to longer C–O bond and larger adsorption energy, and the chemical activity is stronger correspondingly. Magnetic and electronic properties are also discussed.
Behavior of Quintuple Friction Pendulum System Under Near-Fault Earthquakes
Authors: Sodha A. H. , Soni D. P. , Desai M. K. , Kumar S.
Published: September 2017

The Quintuple Friction Pendulum (QTFP) system is a new generation sliding isolation having six spherical sliding surfaces with five effective pendula. Due to multiple sliding surfaces, QTFP system shows highly adaptive behavior under different hazard level of earthquakes, despite being a passive system. The paper describes mathematical model and seismic response of QTFP system under 60 earthquake records consisting of service level, design basis and maximum considered earthquakes. To study the effect of directivity focusing and fling step, additional 15 records consist of far-field, near-fault with forward directivity and fling step effect are also considered. Three types of effective period and effective damping in combination with two different displacement capacities of QTFP bearing resulting in six isolator designs are considered. The seismic demand parameters like base shear, top floor absolute acceleration and isolator displacement have been studied. It is found that the QTFP bearing stiffens at low input, softens with increasing input, and then stiffens again at higher levels of input. Thus, it shows highly adaptive behavior under different hazard levels of earthquake. Further, due to forward and backward momentum conveyed by the directivity pulse, near-fault directivity effect imposes higher demand compared to fling step containing only forward momentum.
3D Characterization of corneal deformation using ultrasound speckle tracking
Authors: Clayson Keyton , Pavlatos Elias , Ma Yanhui , Liu Jun
Published: September 2017

The three-dimensional (3D) mechanical response of the cornea to intraocular pressure (IOP) elevation has not been previously reported. In this study, we use an ultrasound speckle tracking technique to measure the 3D displacements and strains within the central 5.5[Formula: see text]mm of porcine corneas during the whole globe inflation. Inflation tests were performed on dextran-treated corneas (treated with a 10% dextran solution) and untreated corneas. The dextran-treated corneas showed an inflation response expected of a thin spherical shell, with through-thickness thinning and in-plane stretch, although the strain magnitudes exhibited a heterogeneous spatial distribution from the central to more peripheral cornea. The untreated eyes demonstrated a response consistent with swelling during experimentation, with through-thickness expansion overriding the inflation response. The average volume ratios obtained in both groups was near 1 confirming general incompressibility, but local regions of volume loss or expansion were observed. These results suggest that biomechanical measurements in 3D provide important new insight to understand the mechanical response of ocular tissues such as the cornea.
Oligocene and Lower Miocene source rocks in the Paratethys: palaeogeographical and stratigraphic controls
Authors: Sachsenhofer R. F. , Popov S. V. , Bechtel A. , Coric S. , Francu J. , Gratzer R. , Grunert P. , Kotarba M. , Mayer J. , Pupp M. , Rupprecht B. J. , Vincent S. J.
Published: September 2017

Oligocene and Lower Miocene deposits in the Paratethys are important source rocks, but reveal major stratigraphic and regional differences. As a consequence of the first Paratethys isolation, source rocks with very good oil potential accumulated during Early Oligocene time in the Central Paratethys. Coeval source rocks in the Eastern Paratethys are characterized by a lower source potential. With the exception of the Carpathian Basin and the eastern Kura Basin, the source potential of Upper Oligocene and Lower Miocene units is low. In general, this is also valid for rocks formed during the second (Kozakhurian) isolation of the Eastern Paratethys. However, upwelling along a shelf-break canyon caused deposition of prolific diatomaceous source rocks in the western Black Sea.

Overall, Oligocene–Lower Miocene sediments in the Carpathian Basin (Menilite Formation) can generate up to 10 t HC m
−2
. Its high petroleum potential is a consequence of the interplay of very high productivity of siliceous organisms and excellent preservation in a deep silled basin. In contrast, the petroleum potential of Oligocene–Lower Miocene (Maikopian) sediments in the Eastern Paratethys is surprisingly low (often <2 t HC m
−2
). It is, therefore, questionable whether these sediments are the only source rocks in the Eastern Paratethys.
The cerebrocardiovascular response to periodic squat-stand maneuvers in healthy subjects: a time-domain analysis
Authors: Barnes Sam C. , Ball Naomi , Haunton Victoria Joanna , Robinson Thompson G. , Panerai Ronney B.
Published: September 2017

Squat-stand maneuvers (SSMs) have been used to improve the coherence of transfer function analysis (TFA) estimates during the assessment of dynamic cerebral autoregulation (dCA). There is a need to understand the influence of peripheral changes resulting from SSMs on cerebral blood flow, which might confound estimates of dCA. Healthy subjects ( n = 29) underwent recordings at rest (5-min standing) and 15 SSMs (0.05 Hz). Heart rate (three-lead ECG), end-tidal CO2 (capnography), blood pressure (Finometer), cerebral blood velocity (CBV; transcranial Doppler, middle cerebral artery), and the angle of the thigh (tilt sensor) were measured continuously. The response of CBV to SSMs was decomposed into the relative contributions of mean arterial pressure (MAP), resistance-area product (RAP), and critical closing pressure (CrCP). Upon squatting, a rise in MAP (83.6 ± 21.1% contribution) was followed by increased CBV. A dCA response could be detected, determined by adjustments in RAP and CrCP (left hemisphere) with peak contributions of 24.8 ± 12.7% and 27.4 ± 22.8%, respectively, at different times during SSMs. No interhemispheric differences were detected. During standing, the contributions of MAP, RAP, and CrCP changed considerably. In conclusion, the changes of CBV subcomponents during repeated SSMs indicate a complex response of CBV to SSMs that can only be partially explained by myogenic mechanisms. More work is needed to clarify the potential contribution of other cofactors, such as breath-to-breath changes in Pco2, heart rate, stroke volume, and the neurogenic component of dCA.

NEW & NOTEWORTHY Here, we describe the different contributions to the cerebral blood flow response after squat-stand maneuvers. Furthermore, we demonstrate the complex interaction of peripheral and cerebral parameters for the first time. Moreover, we show that the cerebral blood velocity response to squatting is likely to include a significant metabolic component.
Enhanced Acid Sphingomyelinase Activity Drives Immune Evasion and Tumor Growth in Non–Small Cell Lung Carcinoma
Authors: Kachler Katerina , Bailer Maximilian , Heim Lisanne , Schumacher Fabian , Reichel Martin , Holzinger Corinna D. , Trump Sonja , Mittler Susanne , Monti Juliana , Trufa Denis I. , Rieker Ralf J. , Hartmann Arndt , Sirbu Horia , Kleuser Burkhard , Kornhuber Johannes , Finotto Susetta
Published: September 2017

The lipid hydrolase enzyme acid sphingomyelinase (ASM) is required for the conversion of the lipid cell membrane component sphingomyelin into ceramide. In cancer cells, ASM-mediated ceramide production is important for apoptosis, cell proliferation, and immune modulation, highlighting ASM as a potential multimodal therapeutic target. In this study, we demonstrate elevated ASM activity in the lung tumor environment and blood serum of patients with non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). RNAi-mediated attenuation of SMPD1 in human NSCLC cells rendered them resistant to serum starvation–induced apoptosis. In a murine model of lung adenocarcinoma, ASM deficiency reduced tumor development in a manner associated with significant enhancement of Th1-mediated and cytotoxic T-cell–mediated antitumor immunity. Our findings indicate that targeting ASM in NSCLC can act by tumor cell–intrinsic and –extrinsic mechanisms to suppress tumor cell growth, most notably by enabling an effective antitumor immune response by the host. Cancer Res; 77(21); 5963–76. ©2017 AACR.
Genetic Dissociation of Glycolysis and the TCA Cycle Affects Neither Normal nor Neoplastic Proliferation
Authors: Jackson Laura E. , Kulkarni Sucheta , Wang Huabo , Lu Jie , Dolezal James M. , Bharathi Sivakama S. , Ranganathan Sarangarajan , Patel Mulchand S. , Deshpande Rahul , Alencastro Frances , Wendell Stacy G. , Goetzman Eric S. , Duncan Andrew W. , Prochownik Edward V.
Published: September 2017

Rapidly proliferating cells increase glycolysis at the expense of oxidative phosphorylation (oxphos) to generate sufficient levels of glycolytic intermediates for use as anabolic substrates. The pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDC) is a critical mitochondrial enzyme that catalyzes pyruvate's conversion to acetyl coenzyme A (AcCoA), thereby connecting these two pathways in response to complex energetic, enzymatic, and metabolic cues. Here we utilized a mouse model of hepatocyte-specific PDC inactivation to determine the need for this metabolic link during normal hepatocyte regeneration and malignant transformation. In PDC “knockout” (KO) animals, the long-term regenerative potential of hepatocytes was unimpaired, and growth of aggressive experimental hepatoblastomas was only modestly slowed in the face of 80%–90% reductions in AcCoA and significant alterations in the levels of key tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle intermediates and amino acids. Overall, oxphos activity in KO livers and hepatoblastoma was comparable with that of control counterparts, with evidence that metabolic substrate abnormalities were compensated for by increased mitochondrial mass. These findings demonstrate that the biochemical link between glycolysis and the TCA cycle can be completely severed without affecting normal or neoplastic proliferation, even under the most demanding circumstances. Cancer Res; 77(21); 5795–807. ©2017 AACR.
Extracellular Vesicles Secreted by Atherogenic Macrophages Transfer MicroRNA to Inhibit Cell Migration
Authors: Nguyen My-Anh , Karunakaran Denuja , Geoffrion Michèle , Cheng Henry S. , Tandoc Kristofferson , Perisic Matic Ljubica , Hedin Ulf , Maegdefessel Lars , Fish Jason E. , Rayner Katey J.
Published: September 2017

Objective—

During inflammation, macrophages secrete vesicles carrying RNA, protein, and lipids as a form of extracellular communication. In the vessel wall, extracellular vesicles (EVs) have been shown to be transferred between vascular cells during atherosclerosis; however, the role of macrophage-derived EVs in atherogenesis is not known. Here, we hypothesize that atherogenic macrophages secrete microRNAs (miRNAs) in EVs to mediate cell–cell communication and promote proinflammatory and proatherogenic phenotypes in recipient cells.

Approach and Results—

We isolated EVs from mouse and human macrophages treated with an atherogenic stimulus (oxidized low-density lipoprotein) and characterized the EV miRNA expression profile. We confirmed the enrichment of miR-146a, miR-128, miR-185, miR-365, and miR-503 in atherogenic EVs compared with controls and demonstrate that these EVs are taken up and transfer exogenous miRNA to naive recipient macrophages. Bioinformatic pathway analysis suggests that atherogenic EV miRNAs are predicted to target genes involved in cell migration and adhesion pathways, and indeed delivery of EVs to naive macrophages reduced macrophage migration both in vitro and in vivo. Inhibition of miR-146a, the most enriched miRNA in atherogenic EVs, reduced the inhibitory effect of EVs on macrophage migratory capacity. EV-mediated delivery of miR-146a repressed the expression of target genes IGF2BP1 (insulin-like growth factor 2 mRNA-binding protein 1) and HuR (human antigen R or ELAV-like RNA-binding protein 1) in recipient cells, and knockdown of IGF2BP1 and HuR using short interfering RNA greatly reduced macrophage migration, highlighting the importance of these EV-miRNA targets in regulating macrophage motility.

Conclusions—

EV-derived miRNAs from atherogenic macrophages, in particular miR-146a, may accelerate the development of atherosclerosis by decreasing cell migration and promoting macrophage entrapment in the vessel wall.
Cardiomyocyte‐Specific Telomere Shortening is a Distinct Signature of Heart Failure in Humans
Authors: Sharifi‐Sanjani Maryam , Oyster Nicholas M. , Tichy Elisia D. , Bedi Kenneth C. , Harel Ofer , Margulies Kenneth B. , Mourkioti Foteini
Published: September 2017

Background

Telomere defects are thought to play a role in cardiomyopathies, but the specific cell type affected by the disease in human hearts is not yet identified. The aim of this study was to systematically evaluate the cell type specificity of telomere shortening in patients with heart failure in relation to their cardiac disease, age, and sex.

Methods and Results

We studied cardiac tissues from patients with
heart failure
by utilizing telomere quantitative fluorescence in situ hybridization, a highly sensitive method with single‐cell resolution. In this study, total of 63 human left ventricular samples, including 37 diseased and 26 nonfailing donor hearts, were stained for telomeres in combination with cardiomyocyte‐ or α‐smooth muscle cell‐specific markers, cardiac troponin T, and smooth muscle actin, respectively, and assessed for telomere length. Patients with
heart failure
demonstrate shorter cardiomyocyte telomeres compared with nonfailing donors, which is specific only to cardiomyocytes within diseased human hearts and is associated with cardiomyocyte
DNA
damage. Our data further reveal that hypertrophic hearts with reduced ejection fraction exhibit the shortest telomeres. In contrast to other reported cell types, no difference in cardiomyocyte telomere length is evident with age. However, under the disease state, telomere attrition manifests in both young and older patients with cardiac hypertrophy. Finally, we demonstrate that cardiomyocyte‐telomere length is better sustained in women than men under diseased conditions.

Conclusions

This study provides the first evidence of cardiomyocyte‐specific telomere shortening in heart failure.
A new species of Gymnophthalmus (Squamata: Gymnophthalmidae) from sand dunes of the Llanos of Apure, Venezuela
Authors: GARCÍA-PÉREZ JUAN E. , SCHARGEL WALTER E.
Published: September 2017

A new species of Gymnophthalmus is described from the Llanos of Venezuela in Apure State. Gymnophthalmus marconaterai sp. nov. is found mostly on sand dunes and is seemingly endemic to the eolic plains of Apure State. The new species differs from all other species of Gymnophthalmus with 13 scales around the midbody, by having distinctive coloration that includes complete and well-defined lateral and dorsolateral white stripes, a white ventral coloration in preservative (creamish white or yellow in life) devoid of dark markings, and salmon pink tail in life.
On the Relationship between Intensity and Rainfall Distribution in Tropical Cyclones Making Landfall over China
Authors: Yu Zifeng , Wang Yuqing , Xu Haiming , Davidson Noel , Chen Yandie , Chen Yimin , Yu Hui
Published: September 2017

TRMM satellite 3B42 rainfall estimates for 133 landfalling tropical cyclones (TCs) over China during 2001–15 are used to examine the relationship between TC intensity and rainfall distribution. The rain rate of each TC is decomposed into axisymmetric and asymmetric components. The results reveal that, on average, axisymmetric rainfall is closely related to TC intensity. Stronger TCs have higher averaged peak axisymmetric rain rates, more averaged total rain, larger averaged rain areas, higher averaged rain rates, higher averaged amplitudes of the axisymmetric rainfall, and lower amplitudes of wavenumbers 1–4 relative to the total rainfall. Among different TC intensity change categories, rapidly decaying TCs show the most rapid decrease in both the total rainfall and the axisymmetric rainfall relative to the total rain. However, the maximum total rain, maximum rain area, and maximum rain rate are not absolutely dependent on TC intensity, suggesting that stronger TCs do not have systematically higher maximum rain rates than weaker storms. Results also show that the translational speed of TCs has little effect on the asymmetric rainfall distribution in landfalling TCs. The maximum rainfall of both the weaker and stronger TCs is generally located downshear to downshear left. However, when environmental vertical wind shear (VWS) is less than 5 m s−1, the asymmetric rainfall maxima are more frequently located upshear and onshore, suggesting that in weak VWS environments the coastline could have a significant effect on the rainfall asymmetry in landfalling TCs.
Modeling Interaction of a Tropical Cyclone with Its Cold Wake
Authors: Chen Sue , Elsberry Russell L. , Harr Patrick A.
Published: September 2017

This study first examines the tropical cyclone (TC) intensity response to its cold wake with time-invariant, stationary cold wakes and an uncoupled version of COAMPS-TC, and second with simulated cold wakes from the fully coupled version. The objective of the uncoupled simulations with the time-invariant cold wake is to fix the thermodynamic response and to isolate the dynamic response of the TC to the cold wake. While the stationary TC over a cold wake has an immediate intensity decrease, the intensity decrease with a long trailing wake from the moving TC was delayed. This time delay is attributed to a “wake jet” that leads to an enhanced inward transport of moist air that tends to offset the effect of decreasing enthalpy flux from the ocean. In the fully coupled version, the TC translating at 2 m s−1 generated a long trailing cold wake, and again the intensity decrease was delayed. Lagrangian trajectories released behind the TC center at four times illustrate the inward deflection and ascent and descent as the air parcels cross the trailing cold wake. The momentum budget analysis indicates large radial and tangential wind tendencies primarily due to imbalances among the pressure gradient force, the Coriolis, and the horizontal advection as the parcels pass over the cold wake. Nevertheless, a steadily increasing radial inflow (wake jet) is simulated in the region of a positive moisture anomaly that tends to offset the thermodynamic effect of decreasing enthalpy flux.
Folic Acid in Pregnancy and Childhood Asthma: A US Cohort
Authors: Trivedi Michelle K. , Sharma Sunita , Rifas-Shiman Sheryl L. , Camargo Carlos A. , Weiss Scott T. , Oken Emily , Gillman Matthew W. , Gold Diane R. , DeMeo Dawn L. , Litonjua Augusto A.
Published: September 2017

Prenatal folic acid exposure has been linked to higher risk of childhood asthma in countries that do not fortify the food supply with folic acid. This study seeks to examine this association in the United States, where the food supply is generally fortified with folic acid. Participants were 1279 mother-child pairs from Project Viva, an ongoing prospective birth cohort, with folic acid intake in pregnancy assessed through validated food frequency questionnaires. The primary outcome was physician-diagnosed asthma at mid-childhood. In an unadjusted logistic regression model, higher folic acid intake was associated with lower odds of asthma in mid-childhood (odds ratio [OR] 0.48; 95% CI 0.31-0.76). However, in the adjusted analysis this association was attenuated (adjusted OR [aOR] 0.80; 95% CI 0.49-1.33). Our results suggest that in the United States, where there is generalized folic acid fortification of food, maternal folic acid intake during pregnancy is not associated with asthma development in offspring.
Talking into (non)existence: Denying or constituting paradoxes of Corporate Social Responsibility
Authors: Hoffmann Jochen
Published: September 2017

Organizations can be understood as sites of persistent tensions between equally legitimate claims. In other words, organizations may be paradoxical. However, paradoxes do not pre-exist as a matter of fact. This article investigates how dominant academic discourses either constitute or deny potential paradoxes of Corporate Social Responsibility. It follows the theoretical perspective of CCO – Communication Constitutes Organizations and, more specifically, a ventriloqual approach. Academics are like ventriloquists, they breath life into dummies who establish theoretical figures that may or may not support paradoxical thinking in organizational research. The qualitative meta-analysis shows that potential Corporate Social Responsibility paradoxes are primarily talked into nonexistence. Managerial ventriloquists reject Corporate Social Responsibility tensions in the interests of organizational consistency and harmony. Critical ventriloquists accept tensions, but assume their causes lie in gaps between rhetoric and practice. The preferred figure is not a paradoxical one, but that of organizational hypocrisy. Overall, non-paradoxical approaches dominate; they, in turn, ventriloquize their creators, thereby limiting the scope of future research. A communicative perspective is instead open to the constitution of Corporate Social Responsibility paradoxes. It enables practitioners to engage in a proactive management of organizational tensions and encourages scholars to reflect on the constituted nature of academic discourses.
Portrayal of generalized anxiety disorder in YouTube™ videos
Authors: MacLean Sarah A , Basch Corey H , Reeves Rachel , Basch Charles E
Published: September 2017

Background:

Individuals often search the Internet for information about their medical conditions, such as generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), a common mental health disorder.

Aims:

To describe the content of the most popular videos on YouTube™ related to GAD.

Methods:

Videos with at least 50,000 views in October 2016 were coded for information regarding symptoms, treatments and causes for GAD. Associations of content with factors such as popularity and focus on a personal experience were examined.

Results:

The search returned 95 videos, which had been collectively viewed 37,044,555 times. Most (65%) were uploaded by consumers and 56% were about a personal experience. The most common symptoms mentioned were worry or panic (72%) and social anxiety (46%). Many videos (63%) mentioned at least one treatment, but only 26% mentioned any cause of anxiety. Videos that focused on a personal experience were significantly less likely to mention other phobias ( p = .036), panic disorder ( p = .033) and sleep issues ( p = .016).

Conclusion:

The majority of the most popular videos on YouTube™ related to GAD were produced by consumers. Improved understanding about what information is available and popular online can assist mental health professionals in aiding their patients and in producing media that is likely to be viewed.
Angels of Courage: The Experiences of Mothers Who Have Been Bereaved by Suicide
Authors: Shields Chris , Russo Kate , Kavanagh Michele
Published: September 2017

Despite the increasing number of people being bereaved by suicide, little is understood concerning the experiences of those bereaved by suicide as they struggle to make sense of a loved one’s death. The current study explored the experiences of four mothers who had been bereaved by suicide and the role of support groups in the meaning-making process following bereavement by suicide. Participants were interviewed and transcribed interviews were then analysed from an interpretative phenomenological perspective. Four main themes were identified: Continuing role of the mother; A never-ending quest; Finding sanctuary; and Rising up from the ashes. These themes relate to a range of emotions following bereavement by suicide, the meaning-making process, the social context and the role of the support group. Clinical implications are discussed in relation to these findings.
Impact of European Union Generalized System of Preferences scheme on fruit and vegetable exports from East Africa: A preference margin approach
Authors: Lubinga Moses Herbert , Ogundeji Abiodun Akintunde , Jordaan Henry , Verschoor Aart-Jan
Published: September 2017

We evaluate the impact of the Generalized System of Preferences (GSP) scheme on horticultural exports from Kenya, Tanzania and Uganda to the European Union (EU). The preference margin, computed as the difference between trade-weighted Most Favoured Nation’s rate and the ad valorem equivalents(, is used as a proxy for the GSP scheme. The zero-inflated Poisson estimator is used to control for overdispersion and excess zero trade flows, while time-invariant effects control for heterogeneity. The findings suggest that the EU-GSP scheme promotes bean exports from the three East African states as well as pepper from Uganda. Conversely, the results suggest that the scheme seems not to enhance export of asparagus from Kenya, vegetables from Tanzania and bananas from Uganda to the EU.
Are Religious Parents More Satisfied Parents? Individual- and Couple-Level Religious Correlates of Parenting Satisfaction
Authors: Nelson Justin J. , Uecker Jeremy E.
Published: September 2017

Using data from the 2014 Baylor Religion Survey, we examine the relationship between various aspects of religion and parenting satisfaction. Results confirm prior research findings that personal religiosity is positively associated with parenting satisfaction. We also find that religious heterogamy among couples is associated with lower odds of being a satisfied parent. Furthermore, parents who view their parenting as holy or sacred have much higher odds of reporting being satisfied as parents, and the observed relationships between religiosity and parenting satisfaction at both the individual and couple levels are no longer statistically significant in models controlling for parenting sanctification. The religiously unaffiliated have higher odds than evangelical Protestants of having high parenting satisfaction, suggesting the possible presence of parenting pressures within religious communities with a strong emphasis on family life.
Stigma Resistance in Stable Schizophrenia: The Relative Contributions of Stereotype Endorsement, Self-Reflection, Self-Esteem, and Coping Styles
Authors: Kao Yu-Chen , Lien Yin-Ju , Chang Hsin-An , Tzeng Nian-Sheng , Yeh Chin-Bin , Loh Ching-Hui
Published: September 2017

Objective:

Stigma resistance (SR) has recently emerged as a prominent aspect of research on recovery from schizophrenia, partly because studies have suggested that the development of stigma-resisting beliefs may help individuals lead a fulfilling life and recover from their mental illness. The present study assessed the relationship between personal SR ability and prediction variables such as self-stigma, self-esteem, self-reflection, coping styles, and psychotic symptomatology.

Method:

We performed an exploratory cross-sectional study of 170 community-dwelling patients with schizophrenia. Self-stigma, self-esteem, self-reflection, coping skills, and SR were assessed through self-report. Psychotic symptom severity was rated by the interviewers. Factors showing significant association in univariate analyses were included in a stepwise backward regression model.

Results:

Stepwise regressions revealed that acceptance of stereotypes of mental illness, self-esteem, self-reflection, and only 2 adaptive coping strategies (positive reinterpretation and religious coping) were significant predictors of SR. The prediction model accounted for 27.1% of the variance in the SR subscale score in our sample.

Conclusions:

Greater reflective capacity, greater self-esteem, greater preferences for positive reinterpretation and religious coping, and fewer endorsements of the stereotypes of mental illness may be key factors that relate to higher levels of SR. These factors are potentially modifiable in tailored interventions, and such modification may produce considerable improvements in the SR of the investigated population. This study has implications for psychosocial rehabilitation and emerging views of recovery from mental illness.
Early Diagnosis and Treatment of Lennox-Gastaut Syndrome
Authors: Resnick Trevor , Sheth Raj D.
Published: September 2017

Lennox-Gastaut syndrome (LGS) is a severe form of childhood-onset epilepsy associated with high morbidity and mortality. The peak period for manifestations of Lennox-Gastaut syndrome is between ages 3 and 5 years, a time of critical brain development and corresponding vulnerability to the electroclinical dysfunction arising from Lennox-Gastaut syndrome. Diagnosis is based on a triad of symptoms: multiple seizure types, cognitive impairment, and slow spike-and-wave pattern on electroencephalography. In practice, Lennox-Gastaut syndrome presentation is diverse, and there may be a delay between initial symptoms and emergence of the full triad of clinical features. Additionally, differential diagnosis is complicated by the resemblance of Lennox-Gastaut syndrome to other forms of epilepsy and by the need for varied diagnostic techniques requiring specific clinical skills. Because diagnosis is complex and early intervention may lead to improved outcomes, clinicians should consider treatment when Lennox-Gastaut syndrome symptoms are present, even in the absence of a formal diagnosis.
Human Papillomavirus Vaccine and Postural Orthostatic Tachycardia Syndrome: A Review of Current Literature
Authors: Butts Breann N. , Fischer Philip R. , Mack Kenneth J.
Published: September 2017

The human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine is efficacious in preventing complications of human papillomavirus infection including cervical cancer. However, there have been case reports of adverse events occurring after vaccination, one being postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome (POTS). This article reviews published data and other available information regarding the relationship between the human papillomavirus vaccine and POTS. Background information is provided regarding the human papillomavirus vaccine and the proposed post-vaccination adverse event POTS. Peer-reviewed literature, statements by government and medical advisory committees, and publicly available information published on this topic are examined. At this time, there is no conclusive evidence supporting a causal relationship between the human papillomavirus vaccine and POTS. Though a causal relationship has been postulated, it is of utmost importance to recognize that while temporal associations may be observed, conclusions of causality cannot be drawn from case reports and case series due to the small sample size and lack of control population.
Young migrants’ narratives of collective identifications and belonging
Authors: Katartzi Eugenia
Published: September 2017

The article sheds light on the intricate relationship between migration, ‘identity’ and belonging by focusing on young migrants in the context of Greek society. Based upon a qualitative study of youth identities, the key objective is to examine their collective identifications, formed through the dialectic of self-identification and categorization. The analysis of young migrants’ narratives unpacks how their sense of belonging and emotional attachments to their countries of origin and settlement are mediated by processes of racialization and ‘othering’.
Two-step fault diagnosis framework for rolling element bearings with imbalanced data based on GSA-WELM and GSA-ELM
Authors: Lan Yuan , Han Xiaohong , Zong Weiwei , Ding Xiaojian , Xiong Xiaoyan , Huang Jiahai , Ma Bing
Published: September 2017

Rolling element bearings constitute the key parts on rotating machinery, and their fault diagnosis is of great importance. In many real bearing fault diagnosis applications, the number of fault data is much less than the number of normal data, i.e. the data are imbalanced. Many traditional diagnosis methods will get low accuracy because they have a natural tendency to favor the majority class by assuming balanced class distribution or equal misclassification cost. To deal with imbalanced data, in this article, a novel two-step fault diagnosis framework is proposed to diagnose the status of rolling element bearings. Our proposed framework consists of two steps for fault diagnosis, where Step 1 makes use of weighted extreme learning machine in an effort to classify the normal or abnormal categories, and Step 2 further diagnoses the underlying anomaly in detail by using preliminary extreme learning machine. In addition, gravitational search algorithm is applied to further extract the significant features and determine the optimal parameters of the weighted extreme learning machine and extreme learning machine classifiers. The effectiveness of our proposed approach is testified on the raw data collected from the rolling element bearing experiments conducted in our Institute, and the empirical results show that our approach is really fast and can achieve the diagnosis accuracies more than 96%.
Numerical simulation of jet mixing enhancement using rectangular control jets
Authors: Eri Qitai , Zhang Zhen , Zhang Rubing , Li Ting
Published: September 2017

The effect of rectangular control jet on the mixing of round jet with ambient air was studied numerically, in the present work. The effect on the length of main jet potential core and the penetration depth of the control jet, due to variations in velocity and width of the control jet, was studied. The mechanism of jet mixing enhancement was also studied. The results indicated that due to the rectangle jets, the main core region was bifurcated. Thus, there were two definitions for the length of main jet core: the length of centerline potential core and the length of actual potential core. Both lengths decreased with increase in control jet velocity. Besides, the length of the actual potential core decreased with increase in control jet width. However, for the length of centerline potential core, there was a specific width, at which the length of centerline potential core reached a minimum value. Finally, the deformation of the main jet was a factor, more critical compared to the streamwise vortices, which had an effect on the control jet.
The effect of dimpled surface on loss reduction and vortices in a highly loaded compressor cascade
Authors: Lu Hua-wei , Yang Yi , Guo Shuang , Huang Yu-xuan , Wang Hong , Zhong Jing-jun
Published: September 2017

This study investigates the influence of geometry parameters of dimples on the blade surface in a high-turning linear compressor cascade. Four arrays of dimples with a depth-to-diameter ratio of 0.25 and the depth varying from 0.1 mm to 0.6 mm in six different configurations were erected to explore their effects on loss coefficients, streamline patterns, topology structure as well as vortex structure. The dimple configurations were evenly distributed among 42–65% axial chord on the suction surface. The Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes method was used in the computational investigation under the nominal condition. The results show that the dimples with proper size can positively affect the flow loss and flow pattern. The larger dimples do not dramatically overtake the smaller ones in loss reduction, suggesting that there exists an optimal size of dimples in loss reduction within compressor cascades. The total number of singular points and separation lines in the cascade are both reduced under the dimple configurations. Furthermore, the vortex structures of the prototype and a prominent dimple configuration were depicted in detail. Passage vortex plays a dominant role in organizing the fluid within the cascade. The dimple configurations can suppress the migration of passage vortex along the spanwise direction and thereby decreases its influence region.
Transforming Jewellery Designing: Empowering Customers through Crowdsourcing in India
Authors: Sarmah Bijoylaxmi , Rahman Zillur
Published: September 2017

Dynamic business environment demands ‘value’ to be co-created with larger group of stakeholders and especially with customers as partners for development and growth. With this goal in mind, MNCs are engaging in value creation with the customers by largely seeking customer engagement in designing features of products and services that foster customer action and instil a sense of pride and confidence in them. The focus of this study is to investigate crowdsourcing as a tool for customer co-creation in ideation stages of new product development (NPD) through an engagement platform called ‘My Expression’. Case study methodology is applied, and secondary data are collected online mostly from firm website. Thus, this is an attempt to highlight present and future avenues of co-creation in Indian MNCs with distinct cultural and social aspects.
Higher Education Development and Unemployment in Pakistan: Evidence from Structural Break Testing
Authors: Qazi Wasim , Raza Syed Ali , Sharif Arshian
Published: September 2017

This study investigates the relationship between higher education development and unemployment in Pakistan by using the annual time series data from the period of 1973 to 2013. The ARDL bound testing cointegration approach, Johansen and Juselius cointegration approach and Gregory and Hansen structural break cointegration approach confirm the valid long-run relationship between higher education development and unemployment. Results of long-run analysis indicate the negative and significant impact of higher education development on unemployment in Pakistan. Results of variance decomposition method confirm the valid unidirectional causal relationship of higher education development with unemployment in Pakistan. The direction of a causal relationship is run from higher education development to unemployment. Results of rolling window analysis show that the coefficient of higher education development has remained negative for last 15 years since 1999. It is clear from our findings that higher education commission plays an important role in creating the employment opportunities in Pakistan, which also leads to economic growth. It is recommended that policy makers should make policies to strengthen the higher education commission. Policy makers should make policies which are designed for promoting the fixed capital investments and increasing job opportunities.
Deleuze, Bergson, and a Document Scanner: Investigating Duration and Perception
Authors: Tillett Wade
Published: September 2017

In this arts-based exploration, the author experiments with nonstandard time registers and perception via the possibilities opened up by the unconventional use of a handheld document scanner. Thanks to the technical configuration of the scanner, the artist is able to alter the time period spent on the different aspects of the object as it is scanned, creating images that alter our normalized perception of time. In addition, by directly scanning objects (rather than documents or images), the resultant scan is one of detailed ultraspecificity of parts of the object nearest to the scanner, while the remainder of the objects quickly fade to out-of-focus. Drawing especially on Bergson and Deleuze, the artist explores the theoretical implications of such unconventional duration and microperception.
The Vulnerability of the Penis: Sexual Violence against Men in Conflict and Security Frames
Authors: Clark Janine Natalya
Published: September 2017

Sexual violence remains a persistent scourge of war. The use of sexual violence against men in armed conflict, however, remains underresearched and is often sidelined. As an explanation, this interdisciplinary article situates the issue of sexual violence against men within a new analytical framework. It does so through a focus on the core subtext which this violence reveals—the vulnerability of the penis. Highlighting critical disconnects between what the penis is and what it is constructed as being, it argues that the vulnerable penis destabilizes the edifice of phallocentric masculinity, and hence it has wider security implications. Conflict-related sexual violence has increasingly been securitized within the framework of human security. The concept of human security, however, is deeply gendered and often excludes male victims of sexual violence. This gendering, in turn, reflects a broader gendered relationship between sexual violence and security. Sexual violence against women manifests and reaffirms their long-recognized vulnerability in war. Sexual violence against men, in contrast, exposes the vulnerability of the penis and thus represents a deeper security threat. Fundamentally, preserving the integrity and power of the phallus is critical to the security and integrity of phallocentric masculinity and thus to maintaining a systemic stability that is crucial in situations of war and armed conflict.