bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Collaboration and Innovation Patterns in Diabetes Ecosystems
Authors: Giger Odile-Florence , Pfitzer Estelle , Mekniran Wasu , Gebhardt Hannes , Fleisch Elgar , Jovanova Mia , Kowatsch Tobias
Published: April 2024

Background: The global prevalence of diabetes is increasing and has stimulated new tech-nological advancements in disease management. Although there are many digital health companies with a focus on diabetes, building them up at scale is difficult due to a hetero-geneous, inefficient, and fragmented healthcare system. While ecosystems, or collaborative value creation, could help address system fragmentation; the current diabetes ecosystem remains not fully understood. Therefore, this paper analyzes the digital transformation of the diabetes ecosystem and deducts innovation patterns. We address the following research questions: (1) What are emerging organizations in the current diabetes ecosystem? (2) What are the value streams in the current diabetes ecosystem? (3) Which innovation patterns are present in the ecosystem? Methods: We conduct a literature review and a market analysis to describe the organiza-tions and value streams in the diabetes ecosystem, both before and after the digital trans-formation. We visualize the diabetes ecosystem using the e3-value methodology (RQ1 and RQ2). Next, expert interviews are conducted to validate the resulting diabetes ecosystem and deduce innovation patterns (RQ3). Results: First, we show that the digital transformation gives rise to emerging organizations across eight segments: real-world evidence analytics, healthcare management platforms, clinical decision support, diagnostic and monitoring, digital therapeutics, wellness, online community, online pharmacy (RQ1). Secondly, we visualize the value streams between emerging organizations in the current diabetes ecosystem, highlighting the key role of pa-tient data as currency (RQ2). Ultimately, we derive four innovation patterns in the current diabetes ecosystem (RQ3); namely open ecosystem strategy, outcome-based payments, plat-formization (connecting stakeholders), and user-centric software. Conclusions: We demonstrate how traditional value chains in the diabetes ecosystem tran-sition to platforms and outcome-based payment models, guiding strategic decisions for companies and healthcare providers. These innovation patterns may apply to similar eco-systems in other disease areas, aiding organizations in forecasting future dynamics.
DBS-induced gamma entrainment as a new biomarker for motor improvement with neuromodulation
Authors: Mathiopoulou Varvara , Habets Jeroen , Feldmann Lucia K. , Busch Johannes L. , Roediger Jan , Behnke Jennifer K. , Schneider Gerd-Helge , Faust Katharina , Kühn Andrea A.
Published: April 2024

Finely tuned gamma oscillations have been recorded from the subthalamic nucleus and cortex in Parkinson’s disease patients undergoing deep brain stimulation and are often associated with dyskinesia. More recently, it was shown that deep brain stimulation entrains finely tuned gamma to ½ of the stimulation frequency; however, the functional role of this signal is not yet fully understood.

We recorded local field potentials from the subthalamic nucleus in 19 chronically implanted Parkinson’s disease patients under effective dopaminergic medication and during deep brain stimulation with increasing stimulation amplitude, while they were at rest and during repetitive hand movements. We analyzed the effect of stimulation intensity on gamma band 1:2 entrainment and compared the entrained signal during rest and during repetitive movement.

Spontaneous finely tuned gamma was present in eight out of 19 patients (peak frequencyμ= 78.4 ±4.3 Hz). High-frequency deep brain stimulation induced 1:2 gamma entrainment in 15 out of 19 patients. Entrainment occurred at a mean stimulation amplitude of 2.2 0.75 mA and disappeared or decreased in power during higher stimulation amplitude in three patients. In patients with spontaneous finely tuned gamma, increasing the stimulation amplitude induced a progressive frequency shift of spontaneous finely tuned gamma until it locked to 1:2 entrainment. Only five out of 15 patients with entrained gamma activity showed dyskinesia during stimulation. Further, there was a significant increase in the power of 1:2 entrained gamma activity during movement in comparison to rest. Finally, patients with entrained gamma activity had faster movements as compared to those without gamma entrainment.

These findings argue for a functional relevance of the stimulation-induced 1:2 gamma entrainment in Parkinson’s disease patients as a prokinetic activity that, however, is not necessarily promoting dyskinesia. Previously published electrophysiological models of entrainment fit well to our results and support our findings that stimulation-induced entrainment can be a promising real-life biomarker for closed-loop deep brain stimulation.
Low birthweight increased the risk of neonatal death twenty-folds in Northern Uganda: a community-based cohort study
Authors: Odongkara Beatrice , Nankabirwa Victoria , Achora Vincentina , Arach Anna Agnes , Napyo Agnes , Musaba Milton , Mukunya David , Ndeezi Grace , Tylleskär Thorkild , Tumwine James K
Published: April 2024

Background

Low birthweight (LBW) is the leading cause of neonatal mortality and hospitalization worldwide. This study specifically aimed to: 1) determine the frequency of a) neonatal deaths and 2) assess their association with LBW in Northern Uganda.

Methods

A cohort study, nested in the Survival Pluss cluster randomized trial (NCT02605369), was conducted from January 2018 to February 2019 in Lira district, Northern Uganda. Out of 1877 pregnant women, 1556 live-born infants had their birthweight measured and were followed up to 28 days after birth. Generalized estimation equation regression models of thePoissonfamily with a log link were used to calculate the risk ratios between LBW and death.

Results

The risk of neonatal death was: 21/1,556 or 13.5 (95% CI: 8.8 – 20.6) per 1,000 live births. The respective sex and cluster adjusted proportion of neonatal death per 1000 live births among LBW, normal weight and not-weighed infants were 103 (95% CI: 47.2 – 212), 5.4 (95% CI: 2.1 – 13.9) and 167 (95% CI: 91.1-285). Compared to normal birthweight, LBW and not-weighed infants were each associated with a 20- and 30-folds increased risk of neonatal death.

Conclusion

In this community-based cohort study in Northern Uganda, neonatal mortality was 13.5/1000 live births. In the LBW and not-weighed groups, the risk of a neonatal death were more than twenty-times that of non-LBW infants. Efforts to reduce the number of LBW infants and/or prevent adverse outcomes in this patient group urgently are needed. In addition, all babies with should have birthweight recorded to facilitate early risk identification and management.
Global mapping of theChlamydia trachomatisconventional secreted effector – host interactome reveals CebN interacts with nucleoporins and Rae1 to impede STAT1 nuclear translocation
Authors: Steiert Brianna , Andersen Shelby E. , McCaslin Paige N. , Elwell Cherilyn A. , Faris Robert , Tijerina Xavier , Smith Parker , Eldridge Quinn , Imai Brian S. , Arrington Justine V. , Yau Peter M. , Mirrashidi Kathleen M. , Johnson Jeffrey R. , Verschueren Erik , Von Dollen John , Jang Gwendolyn M. , Krogan Nevan J. , Engel Joanne N. , Weber Mary M.
Published: April 2024

Chlamydia trachomatis(C.t.), the leading cause of bacterial sexually transmitted infections, employs a type III secretion system (T3SS) to translocate two classes of effectors, inclusion membrane proteins and conventional T3SS (cT3SS) effectors, into the host cell to counter host defense mechanisms. Here we employed three assays to directly evaluate secretion during infection, validating secretion for 23 cT3SS effectors. As bioinformatic analyses have been largely unrevealing, we conducted affinity purification-mass spectrometry to identify host targets and gain insights into the functions of these effectors, identifying high confidence interacting partners for 21 cT3SS effectors. We demonstrate that CebN localizes to the nuclear envelope in infected and bystander cells where it interacts with multiple nucleoporins and Rae1, blocking STAT1 nuclear import following IFN-γ stimulation. By building a cT3SS effector-host interactome, we have identified novel pathways that are targeted during bacterial infection and have begun to address howC.t.effectors combat cell autonomous immunity.
Efficient production of itaconic acid from the single carbon substrate methanol with engineeredKomagataella phaffii
Authors: Severinsen Manja Mølgaard , Bachleitner Simone , Modenese Viola , Ata Özge , Mattanovich Diethard
Published: April 2024

Background

Amidst the escalating carbon dioxide levels resulting from fossil fuel consumption, there is a pressing need for sustainable, bio-based alternatives to underpin future global economies. Single carbon feedstocks, derived from CO2, represent promising substrates for biotechnological applications. Especially methanol is gaining prominence for bio-production of commodity chemicals.

Results

In this study, we show the potential ofKomagataella phaffiias a production platform for itaconic acid using methanol as the carbon source. Successful integration of heterologous genes fromAspergillus terreus(cadA,mttAandmfsA) alongside fine-tuning of themfsAgene expression, led to promising initial itaconic acid titers of 28 g·L-1after five days of fed-batch cultivation. Through the combined efforts of process optimization and strain engineering strategies we further boosted the itaconic acid production reaching titers of 55 g·L-1after less than five days of methanol feed, whilst increasing the product yield on methanol from 0.06 g·g-1to 0.24 g·g-1.

Conclusion

Our results highlight the potential ofK. phaffiias a methanol-based platform organism for sustainable biochemical production.
The fine-tuning of synapse development by oxidative stress and autophagy requires presynaptic ATM kinase
Authors: Taylor Matthew J. , Ahmed Syed Azan , Badenoch Ellena G. , Bennett David , Tuxworth Richard I.
Published: April 2024

Two processes held in delicate balance during the fine tuning of synapse development are oxidative stress and autophagy: each can promote synapse expansion yet in excess are toxic. How this balance is maintained is not fully understood. While ataxia-telangiectasia mutated (ATM) is recognized as a key regulator of the DNA damage response, there is increasing evidence of a neuronal-specific role for this ubiquitous kinase and deficiency causes early-onset neurodegeneration. We report a requirement for presynapticDrosophilaATM (dATM) in neurodevelopment that is independent of its functions in the DNA damage response. Reduction of presynapticdATMexpression causes hypersensitivity to raised oxidative stress and a failure to induce autophagy which leaves mitochondria in excess in neurons. We demonstrate that presynaptic dATM coordinates autophagy through the conserved ATM-AMPK axis. Similarly to mammalian ATM, neuronal dATM is predominantly cytosolic and forms synaptic foci. dATM also colocalizes with autophagosomes. We propose a model wherein dATM responds to increased reactive oxygen species resulting from heightened neuronal activity by activating autophagy to induce synaptic growth, while protecting the neuron from excitotoxicity and oxidative stress.
Development of Allosteric Small Molecule APOBEC3B Inhibitors fromIn SilicoScreening
Authors: Jones Katherine F. M. , Demir Özlem , Wyllie Mackenzie K. , Grillo Michael J. , Morris Clare , Hirakis Sophia P. , Kardile Rahul Dadabhau , Walters Michael A. , Harris Reuben S. , Amaro Rommie E. , Harki Daniel A.
Published: April 2024

APOBEC3B cytosine deaminase contributes to the mutational burdens of tumors, resulting in tumor progression and therapy resistance. Small molecule APOBEC3B inhibitors have potential to slow or mitigate these detrimental outcomes. Through molecular dynamics (MD) simulations and computational solvent mapping analysis, we identified a novel putative allosteric pocket on the C-terminal domain of APOBEC3B (A3Bctd), and virtually screened the ChemBridge Diversity Set (N∼110,000) against both the active and potential allosteric sites. Selected high-scoring compounds were subsequently purchased, characterized for purity and composition, and tested in biochemical assays, which yielded 13 hit compounds. Orthogonal NMR assays verified binding to the target protein. Initial selectivity studies suggest these compounds preferentially target A3Bctd over related deaminase APOBEC3A (A3A), and MD simulations indicate this selectivity may be due to the steric repulsion from H56 that is unique to A3A. Taken together, our studies represent the first virtual screening effort against A3Bctd that has yielded candidate inhibitors suitable for further development.
DivergentC. eleganstoxin alleles are suppressed by distinct mechanisms
Authors: Zdraljevic Stefan , Walter-McNeill Laura , Bruni Giancarlo N. , Bloom Joshua S. , Leighton Daniel H.W. , Collins J.B. , Marquez Heriberto , Alexander Noah , Kruglyak Leonid
Published: April 2024

Toxin-antidote elements (TAs) are selfish DNA sequences that bias their transmission to the next generation. TAs typically consist of two linked genes: a toxin and an antidote. The toxin kills progeny that do not inherit the TA, while the antidote counteracts the toxin in progeny that inherit the TA. We previously discovered two TAs inC. elegansthat follow the canonical TA model of two linked genes:peel-1/zeel-1andsup-35/pha-1. Here, we report a new TA that exists in three distinct states across theC. eleganspopulation. The canonical TA, which is found in isolates from the Hawaiian islands, consists of two genes that encode a maternally deposited toxin (MLL-1) and a zygotically expressed antidote (SMLL-1). The toxin induces larval lethality in embryos that do not inherit the antidote gene. A second version of the TA has lost the toxin gene but retains a partially functional antidote. MostC. elegansisolates, including the standard laboratory strain N2, carry a highly divergent allele of the toxin that has retained its activity, but have lost the antidote through pseudogenization. We show that the N2 toxin allele has acquired mutations that enable piRNA binding to initiate MUT-16-dependent 22G small RNA amplification that targets the transcript for degradation. The N2 haplotype represents the first naturally occurring unlinked toxin-antidote system where the toxin is post-transcriptionally suppressed by endogenous small RNA pathways.
Evolution of density-modulated electron beams in drift sections
Authors: Khan Shaukat , Perosa Giovanni , Sottocorona Filippo , Brynes Alexander , De Ninno Giovanni , Penco Giuseppe , Ribič Primož Rebernic , Spampinati Simone , Spezzani Carlo , Trovò Mauro , Giannessi Luca , Allaria Enrico , Schneidmiller Evgeny , Ferrari Eugenio
Published: April 2024

Initiating the amplification process in a short-wavelength free-electron laser (FEL) by external seed laser pulses results in radiation with a high degree of longitudinal and transverse coherence. The basic layout in seeded harmonic generation involves a periodic electron energy modulation by laser-electron interaction in a short undulator (the “modulator”), which is converted into a density modulation in a dispersive section immediately followed by a long FEL undulator (the “radiator”) tuned to a harmonic of the seed laser wavelength. With the advent of more complex seeding schemes, density-modulated beams may need to be transported in drift sections before entering the radiator. Long FEL undulators may also contain several drift spaces to accommodate focusing elements and diagnostics. Therefore, it is of general interest to study the evolution of density-modulated electron beams in drift sections under the influence of repulsive Coulomb forces. At FERMI, a seeded FEL user facility in Trieste, Italy, systematic studies of the impact of varying drift length on coherent harmonic emission were undertaken. In order to make the underlying physics transparent, the emphasis of this paper is on reproducing the experimental findings with analytical estimates and a simple one-dimensional numerical model. Furthermore, the Coulomb forces in a drift section may be employed to enhance the laser-induced energy modulation and yield an improved density modulation before entering the FEL radiator.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
Phase coexistence and transitions between antiferromagnetic and ferromagnetic states in a synthetic antiferromagnet
Authors: Barker C. E. A. , Fallon K. , Barton C. , Haltz E. , Almeida T. P. , Villa S. , Kirkbride C. , Maccherozzi F. , Sarpi B. , Dhesi S. S. , McGrouther D. , McVitie S. , Moore T. A. , Kazakova O. , Marrows C. H.
Published: April 2024

In synthetic antiferromagnets (SAFs), antiferromagnetic (AFM) order and synthesis using conventional sputtering techniques is combined to produce systems that are advantageous for spintronics applications. Here we present the preparation and study of SAF multilayers possessing both perpendicular magnetic anisotropy and the Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction. The multilayers have an antiferromagnetically aligned ground state but can be forced into a full ferromagnetic (FM) alignment by applying an out-of-plane field ∼100 mT. We study the spin textures in these multilayers in their ground state as well as around the transition point between the AFM and FM states at fields ∼ 40 mT by imaging the spin textures using complementary methods: photoemission electron, magnetic force, and Lorentz transmission electron microscopies. The transformation into a FM state by field proceeds by a nucleation and growth process, where skyrmionic nuclei form and then broaden into regions containing a ferromagnetically aligned labyrinth pattern that eventually occupies the whole film. Remarkably, this process occurs without any significant change in the net magnetic moment of the multilayer. The mix of antiferromagnetically and ferromagnetically aligned regions on the micron scale in the middle of this transition is reminiscent of a first-order phase transition that exhibits phase coexistence. These results are important for guiding the design of spintronic devices whose operation is based on spin textures in perpendicularly magnetized SAFs.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
Emerging entanglement on network histories
Authors: Giavoni Cecilia , Hofmann Stefan , Koegler Maximilian
Published: April 2024

We show that quantum fields confined to Lorentzian histories of freely falling networks in Minkowski spacetime probe entanglement properties of vacuum fluctuations that extend unrestricted across spacetime regions. Albeit instantaneous field configurations are localized on one-dimensional edges, angular momentum emerges on these network histories and establish the celebrated area scaling of entanglement entropy.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
Activity-induced ferromagnetism in one-dimensional quantum many-body systems
Authors: Takasan Kazuaki , Adachi Kyosuke , Kawaguchi Kyogo
Published: April 2024

We study a non-Hermitian quantum many-body model in one dimension analogous to the Vicsek model or active spin models, and investigate its quantum phase transitions. The model consists of two-component hard-core bosons with ferromagnetic interactions and activity, i.e., spin-dependent asymmetric hopping. Numerical results show the emergence of a ferromagnetic order induced by the activity, a quantum counterpart of flocking, that even survives in the absence of ferromagnetic interaction. We confirm this phenomenon by proving that activity generally increases the ground-state energies of the paramagnetic states, whereas the ground-state energy of the ferromagnetic state does not change. By solving the two-particle case, we find that the effective alignment is caused by avoiding the bound-state formation due to the non-Hermitian skin effect in the paramagnetic state. We employ a two-site mean-field theory based on the two-particle result and qualitatively reproduce the phase diagram. We further numerically study a variant of our model with the hard-core condition relaxed, and confirm the robustness of ferromagnetic order emerging due to activity.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
Autoparametric Resonance Extending the Bit-Flip Time of a Cat Qubit up to 0.3 s
Authors: Marquet A. , Essig A. , Cohen J. , Cottet N. , Murani A. , Albertinale E. , Dupouy S. , Bienfait A. , Peronnin T. , Jezouin S. , Lescanne R. , Huard B.
Published: April 2024

Cat qubits, for which logical |0⟩ and |1⟩ are coherent states |±α⟩ of a harmonic mode, offer a promising route towards quantum error correction. Using dissipation to our advantage so that photon pairs of the harmonic mode are exchanged with single photons of its environment, it is possible to stabilize the logical states and exponentially increase the bit-flip time of the cat qubit with the photon number |α|2. A large two-photon dissipation rate κ2 ensures fast qubit manipulation and short error-correction cycles, which are instrumental to correct the remaining phase-flip errors in a repetition code of cat qubits. Here, we introduce and operate an autoparametric superconducting circuit that couples a mode containing the cat qubit to a lossy mode whose frequency is set at twice that of the cat mode. This passive coupling does not require a parametric pump, and it reaches a rate κ2/2π≈2  MHz. With such a strong two-photon dissipation, bit-flip errors of the autoparametric cat qubit are prevented for a characteristic time up to 0.3 s with only a mild impact on phase-flip errors. In addition, we illustrate how the phase of a quantum superposition between |α⟩ and |−α⟩ can be arbitrarily changed by driving the harmonic mode while keeping the engineered dissipation active.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
Two metastable high hydrates of energetic material 3,3′,5,5′-tetranitro-4,4′-bipyrazole
Authors: Domasevitch Kostiantyn V. , Krautscheid Harald
Published: April 2024

Poly-stoichiometry of hydrated phases is relatively uncommon for organic materials and extended libraries of such species adopting different aqua-to-substrate ratios are still rare. The kinetically controlled higher hydrates could be particularly interesting for their structural relationships, which presumably may imprint some features of the substrate/substrate and aqua/substrate bonding in solutions, and provide insights into the nucleation stage. Two metastable high hydrates are prepared by crash crystallization. The crystal structures of 3,3′,5,5′-tetranitro-4,4′-bipyrazole tetrahydrate, C6H2N8O8·4H2O, (1), and 3,3′,5,5′-tetranitro-4,4′-bipyrazole pentahydrate, C6H2N8O8·5H2O, (2), are intrinsically related to the previously reported anhydrate and monohydrate, while displaying natural evolution of the patterns upon progressive watering. The accumulation of the water molecules causes their clustering, with the generation of one-dimensional tapes and two-dimensional layers in the genuine channel hydrates (1) and (2), respectively, versus the pocket hydrate structure of C6H2N8O8·H2O. The hydration primarily affects the pyrazole sites. It conditions the emergence of N—H...O and O—H...N hydrogen bonds, which is a destructive factor for pyrazole/pyrazole N—H...N hydrogen bonding. At the same time, extensive noncovalent interactions of the organic molecules, namely, lone pair–π-hole O...N interactions of the NO2/NO2 and NO2/pyrazole types, are more competitive to the hydrogen bonding and the motifs of mutual organic/organic stacks remain intact with the increase in hydration. These trends agree with the results of Hirshfeld surface analysis. The contributions of the contacts involving H atoms are increased in line with the growing number of water molecules, while the fraction of O...N/N...O (NO2) contacts is nearly invariant. One may postulate the significance of the lone pair–π-hole interactions to the aggregation of nitro species in solutions and their relevance for the sebsequent development of the solid-state patterns through nucleation.
Synthesis, crystal structure and Hirshfeld surface analysis of 2-[(4-hydroxyphenyl)amino]-5,5-diphenyl-1H-imidazol-4(5H)-one
Authors: El Moutaouakil Ala Allah Abderrazzak , Guerrab Walid , Mague Joel T. , Alsubari Abdulsalam , Alzahrani Abdullah Yahya Abdullah , Ramli Youssef
Published: April 2024

In the title molecule, C21H17N3O2, the five-membered ring is slightly ruffled and dihedral angles between the pendant six-membered rings and the central, five-membered ring vary between 50.78 (4) and 86.78 (10)°. The exocyclic nitrogen lone pair is involved in conjugated π bonding to the five-membered ring. In the crystal, a layered structure is generated by O—H...N and N—H...O hydrogen bonds plus C—H...π(ring) and weak π-stacking interactions.
Bis[2,3-bis(thiophen-2-yl)pyrido[3,4-b]pyrazine]silver(I) perchlorate methanol disolvate
Authors: Crundwell Guy , Christiana Rachel A. , Ouellette Paul , Giorgetti Andrew F.
Published: April 2024

The title compound, [Ag(C15H9N3S2)2]ClO4·2CH3OH, is monoclinic. The AgI atom is coordinated by pyrido N atoms and is two-coordinate; however, the AgI atom has nearby O atoms that can be assumed to be weakly bonded – one from the perchlorate anion and one from the methanol solvate molecule. One of the thienyl groups on a 2,3-bis(thiophen-2-yl)pyrido[3,4-b]pyrazine is flipped disordered and was refined to occupancies of 68.4 (6) and 31.6 (6)%.
(2E,2′E)-1,1′-([1,1′-Biphenyl]-4,4′-diyl)bis[3-(dimethylamino)prop-2-en-1-one]
Authors: Minagawa Tomohiro , Sadakiyo Masaaki
Published: April 2024

The title compound, C22H24N2O2, crystallizes in space group P21/n. The molecular structure is almost planar except for a tilt of the phenyl rings. The allyl groups on both ends exhibit the trans-form and the connected N atoms show sp
2 character. The molecules are stacked and assembled along the c-axis direction by C—H...π interactions.
(S
C,R
S)-Bromido(N-{4-methyl-1-[(4-methylphenyl)sulfanyl]pentan-2-yl}-N′-(pyridin-2-yl)imidazol-2-ylidene)palladium(II) bromide
Authors: Zeng Xianggui , Xu Yanze , Guo Shuling , Xiao Yongmei , Yuan Jinwei , Yang Liangru
Published: April 2024

The molecule of the title NCNHCS pincer N-heterocyclic carbene palladium(II) complex, [PdBr(C21H25N3S)]Br, exhibits a slightly distorted square-planar coordination at the palladium(II) atom, with the five-membered chelate ring nearly planar. The six-membered chelate ring adopts an envelope conformation. Upon chelation, the sulfur atom becomes a stereogenic centre with an RS
configuration induced by the chiral carbon of the precursor imidazolium salt. There are intramolecular C—H...Br—Pd hydrogen bonds in the structure. The two interstitial Br atoms, as the counter-anion of the structure, are both located on crystallographic twofold axes and are connected to the complex cations via C—H...·Br hydrogen bonds.
4-(1H-2,3-Dihydronaphtho[1,8-de][1,3,2]diazaborinin-2-yl)-1-ethylpyridin-1-ium iodide
Authors: Hashimoto Shu , Okuno Tsunehisa
Published: April 2024

The title compound, C17H17BN3I, is a type of diazaborinane featuring substitution at the 1, 2, and 3 positions of the nitrogen–boron six-membered heterocycle. The organic molecule has a planar structure, the dihedral angle between the pyridyl ring and the fused ring system being 3.46 (4)°. In the crystal, molecules are stacked in a head-to-tail manner. The iodide ion makes close contacts with three organic molecules and supports the alternating stack.
Qatar Airways–FC Barcelona sponsorship deal: a catalyst of sports diplomacy?
Authors: Aras Bülent , Özel Meltem
Published: April 2024

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to evaluate how Qatar Airways’ sponsorship of FC Barcelona affects Qatar’s sports diplomacy and brand awareness. It focuses on the sponsorship’s demand strategy and takes into account the opinions and attitudes of Spanish nationals toward Qatar and Qatar Airways.

Design/methodology/approach

To assess this, a survey of 434 Spanish nationals from 17 different regions from four zones (North, South, Center, and East) in Spain between November 3, 2022 and November 21, 2022 was conducted using a strata sampling method.

Findings

We argue that Qatar Airways’ sponsorship of FC Barcelona serves to improve Qatar’s recognition and national reputation in Spain. We also found that there is a need for consistent sponsorship and marketing efforts in sports diplomacy to better fulfill public diplomacy aims. Overall, this paper concludes that Qatar Airways’ sponsorship of FC Barcelona positively contributes to the country’s sports diplomacy despite significant challenges.

Originality/value

The major contribution of this study to the literature is the discussion of the role of sports sponsorships in the recognition of the sponsor, which was assessed through conducting a quantitative analysis of public opinion in the sponsored team’s host country.
Excellence in healthcare: nurturing servant leadership, fostering collaborative culture and promoting social sustainability in the UAE – strategies for transformation
Authors: Upadhyay Divya
Published: April 2024

Purpose

This study aims to investigate the healthcare sector of the United Arab Emirates (UAE) to explore the significance of servant leadership and collaborative culture in fostering social sustainability. The primary objective of this paper is to investigate how servant leadership and a collaborative culture contribute to social sustainability in health care in the UAE. With a focus on promoting well-being within healthcare organizations, the paper aims to uncover the synergies between servant leadership, collaborative culture, and social sustainability.

Design/methodology/approach

This paper conducted a multilayer literature review of existing literature on servant leadership, collaborative culture and social sustainability in health care, both globally and specifically in the UAE context, and a conceptual model was proposed.

Findings

Servant leadership proves to be a culturally pertinent and effective leadership model within the UAE due to its alignment with cultural values, emphasis on community support, and the robust health-care system that contributes to individual well-being. This combination establishes a solid foundation for fostering a healthy and sustainable society.

Research limitations/implications

Limitations and implications are discussed. The current research has not identified the boundary conditions under which servant leadership and collaborative culture may be more or less effective. This could involve exploring industry-specific influences or contextual factors. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.

Originality/value

The research seeks to unravel the interconnections between servant leadership, collaborative culture and social sustainability. To the best of the author’s knowledge, none of the studies have explored the interrelationships of these constructs, particularly in the UAE context.
Gastronomic manifestation in the function of branding a tourist destination
Authors: Čavić Slobodan , Ćurčić Nikola , Radivojevic Nikola , Gardašević Živanov Jovana , Lakićević Marija
Published: April 2024

Purpose

The paper examines the role and significance of gastronomic manifestations in the context of destination branding, within the framework of image transfer mechanisms and the Associative Network Memory Model.

Design/methodology/approach

The research was conducted on a sample of 53 gastronomic events in the tourist destination of Vojvodina.

Findings

The results indicate that gastronomic manifestations image has a positive impact on the brand image and brand identity of the destination, as well as the destination's overall image. Furthermore, the study found that the food experience has a positive influence on the image of gastronomic events and the destination.

Originality/value

The study contributes to the advancement of research on tourist destination branding.
What motivates international tourists’ positive word-of-mouth? The effect of individualist and collectivist cultural orientations
Authors: Zhong Lina , Zhu Mengyao , Li Xiaonan , Morrison Alastair M. , Camilleri Mark Anthony
Published: April 2024

Purpose

The purpose of this research paper was to determine which needs for incentives influence positive word-of-mouth (PWOM) among international tourists and how these needs differ based on the cultural orientation toward individualism and collectivism.

Design/methodology/approach

This research used online surveys to gather data from 959 Australian, US, UK, Japanese and Korean respondents who had visited Beijing. A random sampling method was used, and data were analyzed using SmartPLS 4.0. By adopting the existence relatedness growth theory, the findings explain how cultural orientation affects the impact of needs for incentives in generating PWOM.

Findings

Three hypothesized relationships were significant for Australia/UK/USA and Japan/Korea – the effect of needs for incentives on motivation, the effect of motivation on PWOM and the effects of needs for incentives on PWOM were significant and positive for Australia/UK/USA and Japan/Korea. The effect of needs for incentive type on motivation varied across national populations, and the intensity of the effects of needs for incentive type on PWOM was also different. For Australian, UK and the US tourists, the honorary title was the most influential need to stimulate word-of-mouth motivation. The need for cultural learning was the most influential for Japanese and Korean tourists.

Originality/value

This research contributes to the literature by exploring and comparing the needs for incentives that influence PWOM among tourists from the perspective of individualism and collectivism. The results also increase the understanding of the relationships among needs for incentives, motivation and PWOM.
Digital nomads in destination marketing
Authors: Ay Eşref , Güzel Melik Onur
Published: April 2024

Purpose

The objective of this paper is to determine the impact of digital nomads on destination marketing.

Design/methodology/approach

The article was designed using a six-layer research onion. The research design was developed with an interpretive paradigm using an inductive multi-qualitative approach.

Findings

According to the results obtained, it was found that digital nomads play an important role in destination marketing and are effective in creating intentions to visit destinations.

Originality/value

The study reveals a methodologically different approach to the theme by analysing multi-qualitative data. The theoretical contribution of the article is that it shows that digital nomads' YouTube video posts regarding destinations are more effective on other digital nomads and those who want to become digital nomads.
Transurethral water vapour therapy (Rezūm) for catheter‐dependent men secondary to benign prostatic hyperplasia: A retrospective study in a Hong Kong population
Authors: Chow Henry , Ip Chi Ho , Lam Yiu Chung
Published: April 2024

Aim

Rezūm is a novel treatment for patients with moderate to severe lower urinary tract symptoms as a result of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). Recently, it has expanded to patients with urinary retention causing catheter dependence and the results are promising in Whites. However, it is unclear how effective Rezūm is in the Chinese population. Here, we report our experience in performing Rezūm on catheter‐dependent Chinese men with BPH and evaluate its safety and efficacy.

Methods

A retrospective review of catheter‐dependent patients with BPH who underwent Rezūm from January to August 2022 was conducted. We evaluated the success rate of trial without catheter (TWOC) and compared pre‐ and post‐operative (at 6 months) uroflowmetry results, International Prostate Symptoms Score (IPSS), IPSS Quality of Life Score (IPSS QoL), and prostate volume.

Results

Sixty‐three patients had Rezūm performed (44 and 19 patients had refractory urinary retention and obstructive uropathy, respectively) with a mean age of 74 years and a mean prostate size of 53.9 mL. The first attempt at TWOC was successful in 53 patients (85.5%; range 15–44 days post‐operation). By 98 days after the operation, all patients could void spontaneously. The 6‐month follow‐up showed that IPSS and IPSS QoL scores decreased by a mean of 9.0 and 1.8 points, respectively (both P < .01). The mean pre‐operative post‐voided residual urine was reduced by 559 mL (P < .01), with a mean prostate size reduction of 9.4 mL (P < .01). Seven patients had non‐serious complications (Grade 1–2 Clavien–Dindo classification) within 30 days of operation.

Conclusion

Rezūm was shown to be effective and safe in catheter‐dependent Chinese men with BPH.
Evaluation of contrast induced nephropathy related risk factors and long‐term results
Authors: Koyuncuoğlu Alper , Avşar Münevver Gül , Tarhan Ahmet , Oktay Muhammed Emin , Sağlam Selin , Koçak Gülay , Kılıçkesmez Kadriye
Published: April 2024

Introduction

We aimed to evaluate the frequency of contrast induced nephropathy (CIN), its relationship with accepted risk factors and long‐term renal outcomes in patients who underwent coronary angiography (CAG).

Methods

All patients who underwent CAG between April 2020 and April 2021 were retrospectively evaluated. CIN was defined as characteristic increase in serum creatinine after CAG.

Results

CIN developed in 50 (5.4%) of 934 patients. The CIN rate was found to be statistically significantly higher in patients with diabetes, hypertension, heart failure and those using diuretics. Pre‐procedural hemoglobin, albumin and GFR were found to be independent risk factors for CIN. After discharge, the urea and creatinine values of the patients who developed CIN were significantly higher than those who did not.

Conclusion

We concluded that in order to reduce the development of CIN, hemoglobin and albumin levels should be evaluated with renal functions before the procedure and they should be kept within normal limits.
Advancing the decadal plan for the science of nutrition: Progressing a framework for implementation
Authors: Truby Helen , Allman‐Farinelli Margaret , Beck Eleanor J. , Beckett Emma L. , Bondonno Catherine , Dordevic Aimee L. , Livingstone Katherine M. , Willcox Jane , Wilkinson Shelley A. ,   the National Committee for Nutrition and its working groups
Published: April 2024

Aims

In 2019, the Australian Academy of Science in collaboration with the nutrition community published the decadal plan for the science of nutrition. This article aims to review progress towards each of its pillar goals (societal determinants, nutrition mechanisms, precision and personalised nutrition, and education and training) and two enabling platforms (a national data capability and a trusted voice for nutrition science), prioritise actions, and conceptualise program logic implementation models. This process also brought together public health nutrition researchers to reflect on societal determinants of health, and advise how the next 5 years of the decadal plan could reflect contemporary issues.

Methods

Two engagement events, in 2023, brought together experienced and mid‐ and early‐career nutrition professionals for co‐creation of implementation logic models.

Results

One hundred and nine early and mid‐career professionals were involved. A revised model for the decadal plan pillars emerged from synthesis of all logic models. This new model integrated the precision and personalised nutrition pillar with nutrition mechanisms pillar. These combined pillars build towards the national data capability enabling platform and created new cross‐cutting themes for education and training. The need arose for greater focus on respectful engagement with Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander communities and sustained effort to build cross‐disciplinary collaboration to realise the plan's societal determinants goals. A new alliance for nutrition science is proposed to become a unified advocacy voice and build trust in nutrition professionals.

Conclusions

A programmatic approach provides a road map for implementing the decadal plan for the final 5 years.
The metabolic effects of habitual leg shaking: A randomized crossover trial
Authors: Bao Riqiang , Hu Yixiang , Xu Rui , Gao Chong , Guo Yuhan , Zhu Yashu , Pan Shijia , Wang Weiqing
Published: April 2024

Aims

The adverse effects of sedentary behavior on obesity and chronic diseases are well established. However, the prevalence of sedentary behavior has increased, with only a minority of individuals meeting the recommended physical activity guidelines. This study aimed to investigate whether habitual leg shaking, a behavior traditionally considered unfavorable, could serve as an effective strategy to improve energy metabolism.

Materials and Methods

A randomized crossover study was conducted, involving 15 participants (mean [SD] age, 25.4 [3.6]; mean [SD] body mass index, 22 [3]; 7 women [46.7%]). The study design involved a randomized sequence of sitting and leg shaking conditions, with each condition lasting for 20 min. Energy expenditure, respiratory rate, oxygen saturation, and other relevant variables were measured during each condition.

Results

Compared to sitting, leg shaking significantly increased total energy expenditure [1.088 kj/min, 95% confidence interval, 0.69–1.487 kj/min], primarily through elevated carbohydrate oxidation. The average metabolic equivalent during leg shaking exhibited a significant increase from 1.5 to 1.8. Leg shaking also raised respiratory rate, minute ventilation, and blood oxygen saturation levels, while having no obvious impact on heart rate or blood pressure. Electromyography data confirmed predominant activation of lower leg muscles and without increased muscle fatigue. Intriguingly, a significant correlation was observed between the increased energy expenditure and both the frequency of leg shaking and the muscle mass of the legs.

Conclusions

Our study provides evidence that habitual leg shaking can boost overall energy expenditure by approximately 16.3%. This simple and feasible approach offers a convenient way to enhance physical activity levels.

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SEGUL: Ultrafast, memory‐efficient and mobile‐friendly software for manipulating and summarizing phylogenomic datasets
Authors: Handika Heru , Esselstyn Jacob A.
Published: April 2024

Phylogenetic studies now routinely require manipulating and summarizing thousands of data files. For most of these tasks, currently available software requires considerable computing resources and substantial knowledge of command‐line applications. We develop an ultrafast and memory‐efficient software, SEGUL, that performs common phylogenomic dataset manipulations and calculates statistics summarizing essential data features. Our software is available as standalone command‐line interface (CLI) and graphical user interface (GUI) applications, and as a library for Rust, R and Python, with possible support of other languages. The CLI and library versions run native on Windows, Linux and macOS, including Apple ARM Macs. The GUI version extends support to include mobile iOS, iPadOS and Android operating systems. SEGUL leverages the high performance of the Rust programming language to offer fast execution times and low memory footprints regardless of dataset size and platform choice. The inclusion of a GUI minimizes bioinformatics barriers to phylogenomics while SEGUL's efficiency reduces economic barriers by allowing analysis on inexpensive hardware. Our support for mobile operating systems further enables teaching phylogenomics where access to computing power is limited.
Anatomy of the brain of capybara (Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris) using magnetic resonance imaging
Authors: da Silva Alves Lidiane , Vulcano Luiz Carlos , Girotto Carolina Hagy , de Castro Sasahara Taís Harumi , Schimming Bruno Cesar
Published: April 2024

Capybara is considered the largest living rodent and is widespread distributed in the South America and in the Brazilian territory. The purpose of this study was to provide the anatomical description of the brain in the capybara (Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris) using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Brains of ten normal capybaras were imaged and sectioned in the anatomical studies. MRI was acquired on 0.25 Tesla equipment, promoting good‐quality images capable to identify and classify the main anatomical structures of clinical interest. MRI reference images were validated by comparing them with gross anatomical sections. The capybara sulci and gyri were named for its similar location and orientation to those described in the previous descriptions in the capybara and in the domestic dog. Capybaras presented prominent cerebral sulcus and gyrus in relation to other caviomorph rodents, but in reduced number when compared to domestic animals and other wild mammals such as elephants and giraffes. The findings of this study indicate that the shape of the capybara brain is remarkably similar to that of the caviomorph rodents with a higher neocortilization. The capybara rhinencephalon was well‐developed implying a good sense of smell. Due to this development of the rhinencephalon, we can suggest that capybara brain is a macrosmatic brain. The MRI and gross anatomical sections of capybara brain may help veterinary researchers and clinicians increase the accuracy of brain MRI scans interpretation in these animals.
Retrospective application of a validated algorithm for estimation of adrenal gland volume after computed tomography on 46 dogs undergoing adrenalectomy
Authors: Swepson R , Hosgood G , Stander N , Thompson M
Published: April 2024

Canine adrenal gland volume can be predicted based on body weight and computed tomography (CT) measurements using a validated algorithm. Use of this algorithm to detect adrenal pathology, including hyperplasia, hypoplasia and neoplasia, in clinical cases has not been described. The objective of this study was to illustrate application of the algorithm by estimating subject‐specific adrenal gland volume in a historical cohort of dogs with known adrenal disease. Forty‐six dogs that underwent CT and subsequent adrenalectomy were included. Clinical records and CT images from dogs that underwent adrenalectomy and histologic examination of the excised adrenal gland(s) were reviewed. Normal adrenal gland volumes for each dog were estimated using the algorithm, and compared with measured volumes of the affected glands. Linear measurement of the largest lesion diameter was also recorded. Fifty‐eight adrenal glands were removed from 46 dogs, with pathology confirmed in all glands. Pathology included 28 adenomas, 13 carcinomas, 11 pheochromocytomas and 6 other benign pathologies. The volume of all removed adrenal glands was measured to be larger than the expected normal volume estimated by the algorithm, ranging from 1.1 to 212.9 times larger than estimated. Adrenal glands with malignant and benign pathology showed variable volumes with overlapping ranges recorded. Assessment of the dimensions of any focal lesion against a cut‐off of 20 mm failed to discriminate malignancy. This study illustrates and supports the application of a validated volumetric algorithm for estimation of subject‐specific adrenal gland volume to identify the presence of pathology and as a tool to assist clinical decision‐making.