bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Students' self-perception about their Quality of Life is overestimated: is this the base of their mental troubles?
Authors: Neves Ceratti Mariana , da Silva Fucuta Patricia , N.P. Quessada Fernanda , Colombelli Pacca Felipe , Cury Patricia Maluf
Published: July 2020

This article was migrated. The article was not marked as recommended. Purpose: The aim of this study is to investigate the medical student perception about their QoL, in order to become ware of their own probems. Methods: We applied three instruments: a SF36 health questionnaire, a QoL self-perception questionnaire and a questionnaire regarding self-awareness and coping strategies. The questionnaires were sent to all medical students from first to fourth year. Results: 203 students answered the questionnaires (64.5% were women and average age was 20 years old). Students self-perception about QoL was overestimated in most of the domains except in physical role functioning (p <0.001). There was a significant difference between genders, and men showed a greater deviation from SF36 to QoL self-perception for mental health domain than women (p=0.04). Regarding the questionnaire about self-awareness, most of them felt that the way they think is consistent with how they act and they are aware of their own needs. They evaluated their QoL as good or great. In relation to coping strategies, "seeking out help of others" was one of the most common strategies used. When analyzing the results between genders, women increased their food intake more than men (P = 0.002). Conclusion: Student self-perception about QoL is mistaken and overestimated.
Programa Academia da Saúde: correlação entre internações por doenças crônicas não transmissíveis e adesão nos municípios brasileiros, 2011-2017
Authors: Tusset Dalila , Santos Leandro , Merchan-Hamann Edgar , Calmon Paulo Carlos Du Pin
Published: July 2020

Objetivo: Analisar a correlação entre adesão dos municípios ao Programa Academia da Saúde (PAS), internações por doenças crônicas não transmissíveis (DCNT) e níveis socioeconômicos, 2011-2017. Métodos. Estudo ecológico; foram calculados indicadores de adesão (IND-ADE) de 2.837 municípios brasileiros ao PAS, e de internações por DCNT (IND-DCNT), segundo categorias de financiamento e o Índice Firjan de Desenvolvimento Socioeconômico (IFDM). Resultados. O IND-ADE foi maior nos municípios financiados por emendas parlamentares (1,18), com IFDM moderado a alto (0,94) e IND-DCNT alto (1,03) (p<0,001). Houve correlação positiva (p<0,05) entre IND-ADE e IND-DCNT em municípios contemplados com recursos do Ministério da Saúde (r = 0,14) e de ambos tipos, emendas parlamentares e programa ministerial (r=0,12); e correlação negativa em municípios com IFDM moderado a baixo (r=-0,09; p=0,013). Conclusão. A principal forma de adesão ao PAS, referenciada pelo porte populacional, foi emenda parlamentar. Municípios com piores indicadores socioeconômicos e de DCNT apresentaram menor adesão.
Diagnóstico da rede de atendimento laboratorial de hanseníase no Departamento Regional de Saúde XV, São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo
Authors: Binhardi Fernanda Modesto Tolentino , Nardi Susilene Maria Tonelli , Patine Flávia dos Santos , Pedro Heloisa da Silveira Paro , Montanha Janaina Olher Martins , Santi Milena Polotto de , Belotti Naiara Cristina Ule , Paschoal Vania Del'Arco
Published: July 2020

Objetivo. Apresentar o diagnóstico situacional da rede laboratorial para hanseníase na região de São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brasil. Métodos. Pesquisa de avaliação com desenho descritivo. Os dados foram coletados por meio de formulário online preenchido pelos responsáveis do programa de hanseníase, em 2018. Resultados. Todos os 102 municípios que compõem a região enviaram os dados solicitados, 84 (82,4%) solicitavam a baciloscopia e destes, 68 receberam capacitação. Do total, 11,7% enviavam baciloscopia para outros laboratórios sem respeitar a rede de referência. Apenas 59 (57,8%) solicitavam a biópsia e destes, 47 tinham médico responsável pela coleta e 31 não respeitavam a rede de referência para encaminhamento das biópsias. Foram descritos, como aspectos que dificultavam o diagnóstico dos casos de hanseníase na região, a falta de sala adequada, poucos profissionais capacitados, ausência de material para transporte e de requisição de exames impressa. Conclusão. A rede laboratorial se encontra fragilizada, necessitando reestruturação.
Prioritization of Patients with Abnormal Breast Findings in theAlerta RosaNavigation Program to Reduce Diagnostic Delays
Authors: Tamez-Salazar Jaime , Mireles-Aguilar Teresa , de la Garza-Ramos Cynthia , Garcia-Garcia Marisol , Ferrigno Ana S. , Platas Alejandra , Villarreal-Garza Cynthia
Published: July 2020

Introduction

In Mexico, there are considerable health system delays in the diagnosis and treatment initiation of women with breast cancer. Alerta Rosa is a navigation program in Nuevo Leon that aims to reduce barriers that impede the timely management of these patients.

Patients and Methods

Since December 2017, women who registered to receive medical evaluations by Alerta Rosa were stratified based on their clinical characteristics into three priority groups (“Red,” “Yellow,” and “Green”). According to the category assigned, patients were scheduled imaging studies and medical appointments with breast specialists on a preferential basis.

Results

Up until December 2019, 561 patients were scheduled for medical evaluations. Of them, 59% were classified as “Red,” 25% “Yellow,” and 16% “Green” priority. The median time from stratification to first medical evaluation was 4, 6, and 7 days, respectively (p = .003). Excluding those who had a prior breast cancer diagnosis, 21 patients were diagnosed by Alerta Rosa, with the initial “Red” priority classification demonstrating a sensitivity of 95% (95% confidence interval [CI], 75.1%–99.9%) and specificity of 42% (95% CI, 37.1%–47.1%) for breast cancer. The median time elapsed from initial patient contact to diagnosis and treatment initiation was 16 days and 39 days, respectively. The majority (72%) of patients were diagnosed at an early stage (0–II).

Conclusion

This patient prioritization system adequately identified women with different probabilities of having breast cancer. Efforts to replicate similar triage systems in resource-constrained settings where screening programs are ineffective could prove to be beneficial in reducing diagnostic intervals and achieving early-stage diagnoses.

Implications for Practice

Low- and middle-income countries such as Mexico currently lack the infrastructure to achieve effective breast cancer screening and guarantee prompt access to health care when required. To reduce the disease burden in such settings, strategies targeting early detection are urgently needed. Patient navigation programs aid in the reduction of health system intervals and optimize the use of available resources. This article presents the introduction of a triage system based on initial patient concern. Appointment prioritization proved to be successful at reducing health system intervals and achieving early-stage diagnoses by overcoming barriers that impede early access to quality medical care.
Evaluating the use of iron-coated tubes for wetland delineation in South Africa: A pilot study in the Kruger National Park
Authors: CW van Huyssteen  , TL Johnson
Published: July 2020

The identification of hydric soils is important for wetland delineation and protection.  South Africa currently uses the Department of Water Affairs and Forestry (DWAF) wetland delineation guidelines which can be subjective in certain contexts.  A robust technical standard that can be legally conclusive is therefore required and should be developed for South African conditions.  The National Technical Committee of Hydric Soils (NTCHS, 2007) in the United States of America has accepted the Indicator of Reduction in Soils (IRIS) tube methodology as a technical standard, but this had not yet been tested in South Africa.  It is proposed that the NTCHS (2007) be adapted for use in South Africa. These Fe-coated tubes are installed into the soil and if reducing conditions are present, the Fe coating is removed.  The aim of this study was to evaluate the use of IRIS tubes as a technical standard for wetland delineation in South Africa. The study took place in three different wetland systems (Malahlapanga, Nshawu and the Tshuthsi spruit) in the Kruger National Park.  Piezometers were installed in triplicate in each zone, and the water table, pH and Eh were recorded monthly. Soils were classified, soil wetness indicators identified, and vegetation described.  The study took place from September 2012 to August 2013.  The areal percentage of paint removed from the top 300 mm of the IRIS tubes was quantified by scanning the tubes and then compared to the DWAF wetland indicators. It was found that the DWAF indicators and the IRIS tube method were mostly in agreement; however, the conditions at the Tshutshi spruit were not favourable for Fe reduction, and hence the use of IRIS tubes, due to the high pH values recorded.  The IRIS tubes were therefore a useful tool for wetland delineation in the majority of conditions, but are not recommended in high pH, sodic environments.  Further research is recommended over a wider geographical area as well as testing the MIRIS methodology (Manganese Indicators of Reduction in Soils) in wetlands that would inhibit Fe reduction.
Experimental investigation on the effect of different slot shapes and configurations on scour dimension downstream of flip buckets
Authors: Amin Eskandari  , Mohammad Heidarnejad  , Alireza Masjedi  , Mohammad Hosein Purmohammadi  , Amirabbas Kamanbedast
Published: July 2020

Flip buckets at the end of a spillway can dissipate the flood discharge energy. Compared to other energy dissipators, this is a cost-effective structure. The formation of a scour hole downstream of a flip bucket is a topic of interest among hydraulic engineers. The current study investigated scouring downstream of a flip bucket under two major scenarios: (i) free conditions, and (ii) slotted conditions with rectangular and triangular slots configured differently under four different discharge rates. In total, 20 experiments were conducted in this study. Results showed that the use of a deflector slot greatly affected the scour extent and depth, resulting in a greater scour reduction (53%) in the labyrinth rectangular slotted bucket compared to the solid bucket. The results were compared to empirical equations, and a high correlation was observed between them. In comparison, the Taraimovich equation produced more accurate results in control experiments, and the Damle-A and Damle-B equations produced more accurate results in experiments corresponding to labyrinth rectangular and triangular slotted buckets.
Design optimization of water distribution networks: real-world case study with penalty-free multi-objective genetic algorithm using pressure-driven simulation
Authors: Tiku T Tanyimboh  , Alemtsehay G Seyoum
Published: July 2020

Water distribution systems are an integral part of the economic infrastructure of modern-day societies. However, previous research on the design optimization of water distribution systems generally involved few decision variables and consequently small solution spaces; piecemeal-solution methods based on pre-processing and search space reduction; and/or combinations of techniques working in concert. The present investigation was motivated by the desire to address the above-mentioned issues including those associated with the lack of high-performance computing (HPC) expertise and limited access in developing countries. More specifically, the article’s aims are, firstly, to solve a practical water distribution network design optimization problem and, secondly, to develop and demonstrate a generic multi-objective genetic algorithm capable of achieving optimal and near-optimal solutions on complex real-world design optimization problems reliably and quickly. A multi-objective genetic algorithm was developed that applies sustained and extensive exploration of the active constraint boundaries. The computational efficiency was demonstrated by the small fraction of 10-245 function evaluations relative to the size of the solution space. Highly competitive solutions were achieved consistently, including a new best solution. The water utility’s detailed distribution network model in EPANET 2 was used for the hydraulic simulations. Therefore, with some additional improvements, the optimization algorithm developed could assist practitioners in day-to-day planning and design.
Drying of faecal sludge from VIP latrines through a medium infrared radiation process
Authors: SW Mirara  , S Septien  , A Singh  , K Velkushanova  , CA Buckley
Published: July 2020

In order to treat faecal sludge from ventilated improved pit (VIP) latrines, eThekwini Municipality (Durban, South Africa) developed an infrared dryer, ‘LaDePa’ (Latrine Dehydration Pasteurization). Parameters that influence its operation were investigated using a laboratory-scale replica of the full-scale machine. For this, faecal sludge collected from VIP latrines was pelletized and dried under different operating conditions. Drying curves were obtained by plotting medium wave infrared intensity (MIR), height of emitters above the belt, air flowrate and pellet diameter against the residence time. These curves were then used to determine the drying rate and energy consumption. The results show that the drying rate increased while the energy consumption decreased by increasing the power of the MIR emitters and decreasing the size of the pellets. For example, the drying time to get a moisture content of 0.8 g water/g dry solid was shortened from 27 to 6 min while the energy consumption for this reduced from 1.5 to 0.8 kWh after increasing the MIR power from 1.5 to 3.3 kW. Similar drying curves were obtained by varying the distance between the pellets and MIR emitters, and adjusting intensity of the MIR radiation to obtain the same temperature in the drying zone. It was also observed that higher airflow rates enhanced mass transfer rates, but led to a cooling effect. No effect on the drying rate was observed after pre-drying the sludge or adding sawdust. The study shows that for the process to be efficient, the MIR intensity should be high enough for fast drying to occur (T ≥ 150°C), but without causing thermal degradation (T ≤ 220°C). The height of emitter above the belt and the pellet size should be as small as possible (8 mm); airflow rate should be optimised to maximize the mass transfer rate and minimize the cooling effect.
Jurisprudencia constitucional en materia de protección del medio ambiente (Primer semestre 2020)
Authors: Esteve Jordà Clara
Published: July 2020

Jurisprudencia constitucional en materia de protección del medio ambiente (Primer semestre 2020)
Derecho y políticas ambientales en la Rioja (Primer semestre 2020)
Authors: Santamaría Arinas René Javier
Published: July 2020

Derecho y políticas ambientales en la Rioja (Primer semestre 2020)
Derecho y políticas ambientales en Asturias (Primer semestre 2020)
Authors: Boto Álvarez Alejandra
Published: July 2020

Derecho y políticas ambientales en Asturias (Primer semestre 2020)
Perspectiva del derecho del medio ambiente y de las políticas ambientales de la Unión Europea (Primer semestre 2020)
Authors: Pallàs Secall Pol
Published: July 2020

Perspectiva del derecho del medio ambiente y de las políticas ambientales de la Unión Europea (Primer semestre 2020)
Legislación básica de protección del medio ambiente (Primer semestre 2020)
Authors: Presicce Laura
Published: July 2020

Legislación básica de protección del medio ambiente (Primer semestre 2020)
Derecho y Políticas ambientales en Andalucía (Primer semestre 2020)
Authors: Mora Ruiz Manuela
Published: July 2020

Derecho y Políticas ambientales en Andalucía (Primer semestre 2020)
Jurisprudencia ambiental en la Comunidad de Madrid (Primer semestre 2020)
Authors: Entrena Ruiz Daniel Bruno
Published: July 2020

Jurisprudencia ambiental en la Comunidad de Madrid (Primer semestre 2020)
Derecho y políticas ambientales en Galicia (Primer semetre 2020)
Authors: Puentes cociña Beltrán , Nogueira López Alba
Published: July 2020

Derecho y políticas ambientales en Galicia (Primer semestre 2020)
Derecho y políticas ambientales en Portugal (Primer semestre 2020)
Authors: Sereno Amparo
Published: July 2020

Derecho y políticas ambientales en Portugal (Primer semestre 2020)
Las migraciones climáticas ante el ordenamiento jurídico internacional
Authors: Tomaselli Alexandra
Published: July 2020

RECENSIÓNLas migraciones climáticas ante el ordenamiento jurídico internacionalBeatriz Felipe PérezAranzadi/Thomson Reuters, Pamplona, 2019250 pp.ISBN: 978-84-1309-922-4
Jurisprudencia ambiental en el País Vasco (Primer semestre de 2020)
Authors: Lazkano Brotóns Iñigo
Published: July 2020

Jurisprudencia ambiental en el País Vasco (Primer semestre de 2020)
Jurisprudencia ambiental en Cataluña (Primer semestre 2020)
Authors: De la Varga Pastor Aitana
Published: July 2020

Jurisprudencia ambiental en Cataluña (Primer semestre 2020)
Alternative guidelines to design pedagogical resources with compounds in Spanish as a second language
Authors: Marqueta Gracia Barbara
Published: July 2020

En el presente artículo, se desarrolla una propuesta de recursos didácticos con compuestos del español. Partimos de la premisa de que la familiarización con los principios que gobiernan la formación e interpretación de compuestos puede contribuir a la mejora de habilidades comunicativas esenciales de los aprendientes de español. Los compuestos no solo son contribuciones valiosas al léxico del estudiante, sino que además poseen ciertas propiedades (su motivación semántica; su pertenencia a registros marcados) que los hacen valiosos para objetivos de aprendizaje como: promover la conciencia metalingüística del estudiante, estimular su creatividad y su curiosidad por la lengua y la cultura hispanohablantes. Para garantizar estos resultados de aprendizaje, analizamos previamente los recursos pedagógicos existentes sobre el tema, y desarrollamos un experimento piloto con estudiantes chinos de español. Seguimos unas orientaciones metodológicas de diseño afines a las que se proponen en los aprendizajes basados en tareas y en los aprendizajes gamificados. Las actividades son predominantemente cooperativas y contemplan el trabajo de la comprensión y producción lingüísticas oral y escrita en el contexto de un tema de gramática (p.e., la morfología de plural) o una tarea comunicativa (p.e., la descripción).
La integración de contenidos morfológicos en la enseñanza de español como lengua extranjera: las nominalizaciones deverbales
Authors: Martín García Josefa
Published: July 2020

This paper examines the advantages provided by the teaching of morphology in foreign language acquisition. The development of morphological competence facilitates the recognition and production of words, the creation of word families, as well as the use of these formations in syntactic and communicative contexts. We focus on the study of action nominalizations in the field of Spanish as a foreign language teaching, which enables us to check the relationship between morphological competence and other linguistic competences. Thus, the teaching of these formations must consider different components: morphological, lexical-semantic, syntactic, and pragmatic.
Morphological awareness in L2 Spanish: What is learned incidentally and what requires explicit teaching?
Authors: Sánchez Gutiérrez Claudia H.
Published: July 2020

El desarrollo de la conciencia morfológica presenta un impacto positivo en el aprendizaje de vocabulario, las habilidades de inferencia léxica o la comprensión lectora. Sin embargo, en este momento apenas se incluyen materiales relacionados con esta materia en los manuales de Español Lengua extranjera, debido a la creencia de que el conocimiento morfológico se desarrolla sin necesidad de instrucción explícita. Esta idea ha sido desechada en la bibliografía repetidas veces y este estudio pretende aportar más a esta discusión al determinar qué aspectos específicos de la conciencia morfológica obtienen mayores beneficios de un tratamiento pedagógico explícito. Se diseñaron cuatro tareas, enfocadas cada una bien en el conocimiento relacional o el combinatorio, tanto a nivel receptivo como productivo. Varios grupos de estudiantes inscritos en cursos de español de tres niveles sucesivos completaron las tareas. También lo hizo un grupo de aprendices que participó en un entrenamiento morfológico que duró cuatro sesiones. Los resultados demuestran que dicho entrenamiento fue beneficioso para la compleción correcta de todas las tareas pero más aún en el caso de la tarea enfocada en conocimientos combinatorios productivos. Al final del artículo se discuten las implicaciones pedagógicas de estos resultados.
La Investigación-Acción como metodología para mejorar la práctica docente: tres casos en México
Authors: Lopez Velazquez Raúl , Carmona Montes de Oca Nancy , Verchier Huizar Lemia Daniela
Published: July 2020

La investigación acción se entiende como una forma de investigación centrada en realizar un cambio según las necesidades de los integrantes de un grupo social específico. En este artículo se describen tres intervenciones en la práctica docente de bachillerato basada en la investigación acción. En la primera intervención se aborda el desarrollo de estrategias para fomentar la motivación en el aula. Dicha intervención se llevó a cabo estableciendo estrategias de fijación de metas desde la teoría de Edwin Locke, la cual afirma que la intención de alcanzar una meta es una fuente básica de motivación. Para la segunda intervención se implementó como estrategia el modelo basado en el análisis y discusión de casos con el objetivo de incrementar el interés y aprendizaje significativo, esto a causa de la identificación de la exposición de clases monótonas basadas en un modelo tradicional. La tercera intervención corresponde a un modelo de intervención en la enseñanza de ciencias de la salud, cuya finalidad es promover la motivación y despertar el interés del alumno al no sólo abordar temas propios de la ciencia, sino incidir positivamente en la construcción de nuevos conocimientos en el alumno de bachillerato con respecto a esta área.
The Effect of Concrete-Pictorial-Abstract (CPA) Approach on Improving Elementary School Students’ Spatial Sense Ability
Authors: Putri Hafiziani Eka , Rahayu Puji , Muqodas Idat , Wahyudy Mukhamad Ady
Published: July 2020

The spatial sense ability of elementary school students is still low. Concrete-Pictorial-Abstract (CPA) approach is considered able to improve students' spatial sense abilities. This research aims to find out the increase of spatial sense of elementary school students who learned with CPA approach and conventional learning in terms of overall students as well as categories of high, medium, and low Mathematical Prior Ability (MPA). This research uses a quasi-experimental method with pretest and posttest control design in Mathematics subject with the topic of 3D geometry for 131 fifth grade elementary school students in Kotabaru District, Karawang Regency and Cipeundeuy District, Subang Regency. This research was conducted by dividing the students into two groups, namely students who received learning using CPA approach as the experimental group and students who received conventional learning as the control group. Descriptive analysis and inferential analysis results showed that there was an increase of spatial sense in students who learned with CPA approach, which was better than students who received conventional learning. Thus, learning using the CPA approach can improve and develop spatial sense abilities of elementary school students.
Sundanese Ethnomathematics Context in Primary School Learning
Authors: Nugraha Trisna , Maulana M. , Mutiasih Palupi
Published: July 2020

Mathematics is mostly related to human life, thus, humans are required to have the mathematical understanding ability in solving life problems since in the elementary school age. Therefore, mathematics learning at school should have relevance value to construct mathematical concept that can be used in real life.  Innovative mathematics learning through Contextual Learning (CTL) model based on Sundanese Culture Ethnomathematics as a local wisdom at which humans use mathematics in their real life, was chosen as a deep solution to increase the mathematical understanding ability, because students live in their culture and society. This study employsan experimental method by conducting pretest and postest control group design. The purpose of this study is to determine the increasing of students’ mathematical understanding ability on experiment class (using CTL model based on Sundanese Ethnomathematics) and control class (using conventional learning model). The result of this study produced conclusion that CTL based on Sundanese ethnomahtematics and conventional model can increasethe mathematical understanding ability significantly. However, the application of CTL model based on Sundanese Ethnomathematics was significantly better than conventional model (62.29%) to increase students’ mathematical understanding ability on learning the basic concepts of rectangular geometry for 4th grade students of elementary school.
Frustrating Beginnings: How Social Ties Compensate Housing Integration Barriers for Afghan Refugees in Vienna
Authors: Kohlbacher Josef
Published: July 2020

In this article, we present findings from a recent (2017–2018) qualitative survey on the integration of Afghan refugees in Vienna. Vienna is by far the largest city in Austria with a diversified labour and housing market and a multi-faceted (migrant) economy. It doubtlessly is the most attractive ‘arrival city’ in Austria. Moreover, Vienna has received the bulk of refugees during the so-called ‘refugee crisis’ of 2015–2016 and before. The analysis will focus on Ager and Strang’s (2008) argument, which characterizes housing as a core domain in integration. Housing constitutes a potential means of supporting integration into domains other than the labour market. In the process of housing integration, researchers (Aigner, 2018; Borevi & Bengtsson, 2015) have emphasized the relevance of refugees’ social ties with family and co-ethnic groups, whereas the importance of inter-ethnic networking with members of the receiving society remains insufficiently explored. The majority of the 65 interviewees had emphasized the importance of refugees’ social ties for their efforts towards structural integration. This analysis therefore aims at describing Afghans’ challenging access paths into the local housing market, and the outstanding compensatory relevance of social ties in this process. Thus, we can identify special constraints (e.g., ‘Afghanophobia,’ exploitative conditions) and coping strategies of this under-researched ‘newcomer’ group of refugees in Austria.
Migrants and Refugees: Bottom-Up and DIY Spaces in Italy
Authors: Cremaschi Marco , Albanese Flavia , Artero Maurizio
Published: July 2020

The term ‘arrival city’ was notoriously introduced by Saunders (2010) to indicate all places which provide first access to the city. For Saunders, migrants from rural third world villages confront the same challenges in their home country or abroad. The informal neighbourhood in developing countries is thus advocated as a model for cities in western countries. Through an ethnographic approach, the article considers emerging practices of refugees and migrants in the centre of Milan and in a small town on the outskirts of Rome investigating a varied set of reception models. In conclusion, the article revises the model of the arrival neighbourhood while criticizing the underlying assumption of informal development. Instead, it insists on the need for understanding the specific requirements of arrival places for better regulation of the reception of migrants.
Refugees and Asylum Seekers Dispersed in Non-Metropolitan French Cities: Do Housing Opportunities Mean Housing Access?
Authors: Gardesse Camille , Lelevrier Christine
Published: July 2020

Since 2015, policies for resettling asylum seekers and refugees in European cities have renewed the debate over the governance of migration, while not only metropolises but also small towns and mid-sized cities emerge as, although not new, at least specific arrival spaces. National dispersion policies are assigning these asylum seekers and refugees to small and mid-sized cities that are presumed to provide housing opportunities. However, little is known about access to housing and residential trajectories in these specific urban and socio-economic contexts. This article analyses how the housing providers—either state agencies, managers of temporary accommodation centres or social housing organisations—are adjusting to the arrival and needs of asylum seekers and refugees in cities where there is usually less ethnic diversity. We demonstrate that access to housing and residential trajectories tends to be determined by dispersion and mainstream social mix policies, from national to local arrangements. However, we argue that some pragmatic local practices have reframed this pattern to provide housing solutions that may be contrary to national policies. Our article will be based on 84 in-depth interviews conducted with housing providers, NGOs and with asylum seekers and refugees in three small and mid-sized French cities.
ESTUDO DA ADIÇÃO DE AREIA ARTIFICIAL DE SEROPÉDICA NA FLUIDEZ E RESISTÊNCIA DO CONCRETO
Authors: Lima Leonardo Moreira , Sirqueira Alex
Published: July 2020

Areia artificial, gerada na fabricação de agregados miúdos de britagem, têm sido cada vez mais utilizada na produção de concretos, em substituição aos agregados miúdos naturais. Fato que, sugere uma forte necessidade do desenvolvimento de estudos sobre a viabilidade técnica em substituir a areia natural pela areia de britagem na produção de concreto em centrais dosadoras. O potencial crescente do mercado pela demanda de areia de britagem tem incentivado os fabricantes de agregados a buscar melhorias para os seus produtos. Visando um melhor entendimento das características dos agregados miúdos nas características do concreto fresco e rígido, este trabalho analisou agregados miúdos de britagem da região de Seropédica, sendo o principal objetivo do programa experimental, analisar a influência desta adição nas propriedades do concreto. Para tal, as principais propriedades avaliadas em concretos e argamassas foram consistência e resistência à compressão. O pó de pedra estudado possui todas as características necessárias à sua utilização para compor, juntamente com a areia natural, a faixa granulométrica apontada como ótima pela NBR 7211.
Análise do conhecimento sobre animais peçonhentos de alunos do 3º ano do ensino médio das escolas do município de Petrópolis, Rio de Janeiro.
Authors: Silva Deborah Paredes Soares da , Nascimento Milena De Sousa , Carriço César , Pinto Zeneida Teixeira , Caetano Rebecca Leal
Published: July 2020

O conhecimento a respeito dos animais peçonhentos é de suma importância, pois esses animais podem ser encontrados em todos os ambientes, incluindo as áreas rurais e urbanas, levando a um alto índice de ocorrência. Neste sentido, o presente trabalho teve como objetivo analisar o conhecimento da temática sobre “animais peçonhentos” de alunos de escolas rurais e urbanas do município de Petrópolis (RJ). Para isso, fizeram parte da pesquisa alunos do 3º ano do ensino médio no qual, a coleta de dados ocorreu por meio de questionários estruturados com perguntas abertas e fechadas. A análise revelou que os alunos das escolas rurais e urbanas possuem pouco conhecimento sobre “animais peçonhentos”, mas os alunos das escolas rurais obtiveram um resultado melhor sobre o tema devido à vivência com estes tipos de animais no seu dia-a-dia. Em vista das percepções dos alunos, evidencia-se a necessidade de que a temática “animais peçonhentos” seja trabalhada de forma contextualizada facilitando a melhor compreensão sobre os animais, melhorando assim a compreensão de métodos de prevenção de acidentes e que esses possam ser futuros multiplicadores do assunto.
Interleukin 6 in aging and age-related diseases
Authors: Topolyanskaya S. V.
Published: July 2020

Modern concepts about the importance of subclinical inflammation in various age-associated pathology are described in the review. The term “inflammaging” (inflammation due to aging) refers to the special role of inflammation in the aging processes. This type of inflammation is low-grade, controlled, asymptomatic, chronic and systemic. Inflammaging determines the rate of aging and life expectancy. The balance of pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines plays a significant role in aging processes. The increased levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α in the elderly are associated with different diseases, disability and mortality. Interleukin-6 is a multifunctional cytokine involved in the regulation of acute phase response and other immunological reactions, in the hematopoiesis and in chronic inflammation. This cytokine is important in the pathogenesis of chronic inflammation diseases, as well as different oncological disorders. Interleukin-6 is often called the “cytokine of gerontologists”, since it is one of the main signaling pathways associated with aging and age-related diseases. This cytokine also plays an important role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis, coronary artery disease, chronic heart failure and increases the risk of death from cardiovascular diseases and overall mortality. Interleukin-6 is a key proinflammatory cytokine responsible for the “metabolic inflammation”, obesity, insulin resistance and diabetes mellitus. This cytokine has a significant impact on the development of sarcopenia and frailty. The serum levels of interleukin-6 negatively correlate with muscle mass and skeletal muscle function in the elderly, so it is considered as a biomarker of sarcopenia and functional decline. Interleukin-6 may contribute to the development of osteoporosis by stimulating osteoclastogenesis and bone resorption. The modern data indicate the diverse effects of interleukin-6 and confirm the significant role of this cytokine in aging and in different age-associated pathology.
What’s hidden behind Lennox-Gastaut syndrome?
Authors: Belousova E. D.
Published: July 2020

A number of epileptologists often diagnose Lennox-Gastaut syndrome, while others almost never do. It is necessary to understand why this is happening, especially since Lennox-Gastaut syndrome, according to literature descriptions, is quite common.

Aim. To systematize available data on Lennox-Gastaut syndrome, which will help to improve the quality of diagnosis and management of patients.

Materials and methods. Qualitative scientific publications from the International Scientific Databases (ISDS), including peer-reviewed journals and monographs, were selected for the review. The plan of the review included a brief description of the syndrome; seizure types; EEG features; diagnosis criteria; treatment.

Results and discussion. None of the seizure types are pathognomonic for Lennox-Gastaut  syndrome. The syndrome is considered to be confirmed if typical seizures (predominantly tonic) with typical interictal patterns without atypical EEG characteristics are reported. A diagnosis of the syndrome is considered probable if there are typical EEG patterns of waking and sleeping, but no tonic seizures are detected. The first choice of the treatment is valproate. Possible alternatives are lamotrigine and topiramate. Rufinamide and zonisamide are available as the second line of antiepileptic drugs. Rufinamide should be used when there is no effect from valproate and lamotrigine. Rufinamide also has antiabsance activity.

Conclusion. “Classic” Lennox-Gasto syndrome is rare. Cases of “probable” Lennox-Gasto syndrome are much more frequent, and not all criteria of its diagnosis are observed. Taken into account the blurring of the diagnosis criteria for Lennox-Gasto syndrome and data on the efficacy of rufinamide in children with another epilepsies, it is possible to use this drug not only for Lennox-Gasto syndrome, but also for other epileptic syndromes, especially those with dropattacks, tonic seizures and atypical absences.
Juvenile Myoclonic Epilepsy. Update
Authors: Volkov I. V. , Volkova O. K.
Published: July 2020

Juvenile myoclonic epilepsy (JME) is a common disease. However, some aspects of etiology and pathogenesis are not yet fully clarified. This publication describes the development of ideas about JME, the types of seizures that occur in JME, provides a list of triggering factors and a prognosis severity scale that depending on these triggering factors. The section on JME diagnostics discusses methods of neuroimaging, electroencephalography, and approaches to assessing the mental status of JME patients. The data of meta-analysis of prevalence and risk factors of refractory JME in the context of assessment of the disease state and prognosis are presented. The data on advantages and disadvantages of various Antiepileptic Drugs (AEDs) for the control of the disease are considered. The results of the own study of AED spectrum and effectiveness in gender-sensitive and ILAE-recommended therapy in adults, as well as the GENERAL study of perampanel efficacy and safety in patients with idiopathic generalized epilepsy, are presented. It confirmed the high efficacy of the perampanel primarily for  myoclonic seizures and generalized tonic-clonic seizures. A case study of a female patient with JME was also described, in which refractory to therapy was noted, including due to low compliance to the prescribed therapy.
Genetic epilepsy with febrile seizures plus (GEFS+)
Authors: Sharkov A. A.
Published: July 2020

Febrile seizures (FS) occur in about 2–3% of children aged 3 months to 5 years. Atypical febrile seizures are those with a focal component. Each subsequent febrile attack increases the risk of transformation into epilepsy. After the third febrile seizure, the risk of additional episodes of febrile seizures is already approaching 50%, and the risk of formation of epilepsy is 15.8%. Recent studies show the great contribution of genetic causes to the development of genetic epilepsy with febrile seizures plus (GEFS+). GEFS+ includes a combination of some febrile seizures with subsequent afebrile attack, or recurring febrile seizures after 6 years. The genetic causes of GEFS+ are both monogenic (in particular, disorders in the SCN1B, SCN1A, GABRG2, GABRD, SCN9A, STX1B, HCN1 genes, etc.) and copy number variations. Twin methods suggest that different genetic factors play a role in the case of FS, FS+ and FS with subsequent epilepsy. Genetic cause can be found in about 30% of cases, that affects not only the final diagnosis and prognosis for the patient, but also the prevention of disease in the family. In GEFS+ seizures are usually generalized tonic-clonic, less often myoclonic, myoclonic-atonic seizures, absences and status epilepticus, but sometimes they also describe focal seizures. The clinical picture of patients with GEFS+ varies from family febrile seizures (the least severe cases) to Drave-like syndrome (the most severe cases), although all of them have a predominantly normal level of intellect.
Relative Time Corrections for Historical Analog Seismograms Using the Single-Day Ambient Noise Correlation Function
Authors: Lee Thomas , Ishii Miaki , Okubo Paul
Published: July 2020

This study examines analog seismograms that were generated when most seismic stations had their own clock for timing, making precise comparison of time between different stations difficult. Availability of accurate relative timing facilitates differential travel-time analyses, such as seismic tomography and local earthquake relocations, to be performed using data originally recorded on paper or other physical media. These analyses allow for the investigation of longer-term processes like the earthquake cycle or climate change. We take advantage of the continuous nature of seismic noise to determine the relative time correction between two stations by leveraging the symmetry of the noise correlation function. This procedure is applied to two Global Positioning System-timed stations in the Hawaiian Volcano Observatory network demonstrating subsecond time accuracy. The technique is then applied to analog records from comparable stations between 7 and 10 August in 1988, and relative time corrections of up to about 6 s are obtained. These corrections are confirmed by the relative arrival times of teleseismic P waves of earthquake doublets.
Lipid-Lowering Therapy for Primary Cardiovascular Prevention in Older Adults. Consensus Statement of the Russian Association of Gerontologists and Geriatricians, National Society on Atherosclerosis, Russian Society of Cardiology, Association of Clinical Pharmacologists
Authors: Kotovskaya Y. V. , Tkacheva O. N. , Sergienko I. V.
Published: July 2020

Completed randomized clinical studies did not have a sufficient statistical power for demonstrating clearly the efficacy of lipid-lowering therapy for primary prevention in patients aged 75 years and older and did not evaluate the effect of lipid-lowering therapy on development and course of key geriatric syndromes. Age-related alterations of skeletal muscles, cognitive decline, senile asthenia, comorbidities, polypragmasy, potential changes in drug pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics, and impaired renal function may adversely affect the benefit to harm ratio of statins in older patients. Key questions for administration of a lipid-lowering therapy for primary prevention in patients aged 75 years and older are: 1. Does the relationship between increased low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL CS) and death rate persist? 2. Does a benefit from decreasing the level of LDL CS persist? 3. Is the lipid-lowering therapy safe? 4. What scales for risk stratification and determining indications for lipid-lowering therapy should be used?
Frequency of use and Indications for Beta-Blockers in Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction
Authors: Kokhan E. V. , Kiyakbaev G. K. , Kobalava Zh. D.
Published: July 2020

Aim      To evaluate trends in beta-blocker prescribing and incidence of possible reasons for beta-blocker administration, including arterial hypertension (AH), atrial fibrillation (AF), ischemic heart disease (IHD), and myocardial infarction, in participants of clinical studies enrolling patients with chronic heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (CHF-PEF).

Material and methods  A systematic literature search was performed in the PubMed and EMBASE databases. The study included RCSs of pharmacological therapies for patients with CHF-PEF conducted from 1993 through 2019. Studies of beta-blocker efficacy or those including a specific population (CHF-PEF+IHD or CHF-PEF+AH, etc.) were excluded from the analysis. Baseline characteristics of patients, incidence rate of beta-blocker prescribing, and prevalence of AH, AF, IHD, and MI were recorded. Trends in prevalence of concomitant diseases and the proportion of patients using beta-blockers by the year of enrollment to the study were analyzed with the Mann-Kendall test.

Results 14 RCSs of 718 selected publications completely met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Beta-blocker prescribing significantly increased between 1993 and 2019 (tau=0.51; p=0.014) and reached 80 % in recent studies. Furthermore, prevalence of IHD, MI, AH, and AF did not significantly change among the RCS participants (p>0.05 for all). However, while for AH and AF, a tendency toward an increasing prevalence (tau=0.4; p=0.055 and tau=0.043; p=0.063, respectively) could be considered and became statistically significant for AF when the ALDO-DHF study was excluded from the analysis (tau=0.5; p=0.042), the MI prevalence tended to decrease (tau= –0.73; p=0.06).

Conclusion      Beta-blocker prescribing to patients upon inclusion into RCSs for CHF-PEF has significantly increased for the recent 20 years while the incidence of formal reasons for beta-blocker administration (AF, AH, MI, IHD) did not significantly change.
Extracellular matrix of the heart and its changes in myocardial fibrosis
Authors: Gritsenko O. V. , Chumakova G. A. , Shevlyakov I. V. , Veselovskaya N. G.
Published: July 2020

Neurohumoral changes have recently attracted much attention as a part of the pathogenesis of heart failure. Activation of neurohumoral factors triggers processes resulting in changes of extracellular matrix composition and, thus, development of myocardial fibrosis. This article addresses a number of factors that directly contribute to the development of myocardial fibrosis.
Effect of empagliflosin on renal filtration in patients with coronary heart disease undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention
Authors: Khorlampenko A. A. , Karetnikova V. N. , Kochergina A. M. , Ignatova J. S. , Dyleva J. A. , Gruzdeva O. V. , Barbarash O. L.
Published: July 2020

Aim To evaluate the effect of empagliflozin on glycemia and renal filtration function in patients with stable ischemic heart disease (IHD) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2) who underwent a percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).Materials and methods This study included 40 patients with stable IHD and DM2 (age, 63 (58; 65) years; DM2 duration, 7 (4; 15) years) who had indications for an elective PCI. At baseline in the total sample, the level of glycated hemoglobin was 7.2 (6.5; 8.3)%; 48.7 % failed to achieve glycemic goals. A decrease in glomerular filtration rate (GFR) to below 60 ml/min/1.73 m2 was observed in 10.3 % of patients. All patients were divided into two group by simple randomization with successively assigned numbers. The main group consisted of 20 patients who received empagliflozin 10 mg/day in addition to their previous hypoglycemic therapy irrespective of their baseline glycemic control. Patients of the comparison group (n=20) continued on their previous hypoglycemic therapy as prescribed by their endocrinologist. The follow-up duration was 6 months. Statistical analysis was performed with the Statistica 10.0 software.Results The empagliflozin treatment improved the glycemic control; in the comparison group, no significant changes in glycemic control were observed. In both groups, GFR significantly decreased during the follow-up period; median decreases in GFR were –6.0 (–16.0; 4.0) and –8.4 (–26.5; 2.5) ml/min / 1.73 m2 in the main and comparison groups, respectively (p = 0.646). No significant changes in 24-h proteinuria were observed for patients taking empagliflozin. In the control group, the 24-h urinary protein excretion significantly progressed (p=0.011) during the follow-up period.Conclusion In patients with DM2 and stable IHD who underwent a PCI, addition of empagliflozin 10 mg/day to their current hypoglycemic therapy was associated with a significant improvement of glycemic control. The decrease in GFR during the empagliflozin treatment did not significantly differ from the value for patient receiving the other hypoglycemic therapy.