bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ultrasonic-Assisted Grinding of Microholes Using Ultrasmall-Diameter Cemented WC Tools
Authors: Egashira Kai , Honda Ryota , Yamaguchi Keishi , Ota Minoru
Published: March 2024

Although grinding is a widely employed method for hard and brittle materials, drilling microholes requires the use of an ultrasmall-diameter grinding wheel that is difficult to fabricate and breaks easily when grinding force is applied, resulting in a high tool cost. To solve this problem, cemented WC micropins were fabricated by electrical discharge machining, and microholes were drilled using them as micro-grinding tools with the assistance of ultrasonic oscillation. The micropin tools can be employed in grinding because the convex parts of the electrical discharge craters formed on their surfaces serve as cutting edges of abrasive grains in grinding wheels. To clarify the drilling conditions necessary for ultrasmall-diameter tools to drill holes with a diameter less than 5 µm, the relationships between drilling conditions and drilling characteristics were investigated. The drilling conditions included the tool rotation speed, tool feed speed, ultrasonic oscillation amplitude, and use of grinding fluid. The drilling characteristics included the hole diameter and grinding force evolution. The investigation showed that a high tool rotation speed prevented the increase in the grinding force because of the faster grinding speed. A low tool feed speed was favorable to lower grinding force. At a high tool feed speed, most likely, the tool was fed before the workpiece material was sufficiently removed, thereby exhibiting a large grinding force. The ultrasonic oscillation amplitude had no noticeable effect on the grinding force. The hole diameter was not affected by the tool rotation speed, tool feed speed, or ultrasonic oscillation amplitude. Although the use of grinding fluid reduced the grinding force, the hole diameter increased, probably because enhanced lubrication caused the tool to slip on the workpiece surface at the beginning of drilling, resulting in an increased rotational runout. Under the favorable conditions obtained, a hole of 3.2 µm in diameter was successfully drilled in crown glass.
Study on Temporary Unloading for Chatter Vibration Suppression Using Fixed Superabrasive Polishing Stone with Five-Joint Closed-Link Small Robot and Voice Coil Motor Thrust Control
Authors: Manabe Yuki , Yamamoto Taichi , Ueda Taichi , Hirogaki Toshiki , Aoyama Eiichi
Published: March 2024

In this study, an existing superfinishing method used for polishing glass surfaces was refined using a five-joint closed-link compact robot with fixed abrasive grains. In previous studies, a voice coil motor was used to control the constant-pressure pressing force while maintaining the polishing force for a relatively short period. However, maintaining the polishing force for long periods is imperative for achieving a high-quality polished surface. Thus, in this study, a strain gauge load cell was adopted in addition to a conventional piezoelectric force sensor to maintain the polishing force for a long period. First, the amounts of DC drift of the piezoelectric force sensor and strain gauge type load cell were compared to confirm the necessity of signal processing as well as the compatibility of long-term force measurement and high-frequency vibration measurement by application. Further, a method was proposed in which the change in the pressing force was recorded from the connected sensor; when the pressing force fluctuated, chatter vibrations were determined to occur, and the pressing force was temporarily set to 0 N. This method could obtain a better polished surface than the proportional-integral-differential (PID) control, which simply controls the pressing force at a constant value. Finally, chatter vibrations could be determined by detecting high-frequency sounds using a sound level meter. Notably, a finely polished surface could be obtained.
Experimental Investigation of a Fixed-Abrasive Machining with Magnetic Brush for Ti-6Al-4V ELI Alloy
Authors: Sato Ryunosuke , Zou Yanhua , Koma Taiki
Published: March 2024

Focusing on the gap between a fixed-abrasive tool and workpiece, the machining characteristics of the fixed-abrasive machining of a Ti-6Al-4V extra low interstitial (ELI) alloy with magnetic brush were evaluated, which removed material through the combined actions of the fixed abrasive and magnetic brush. Machining experiments demonstrated that the material removal was mainly performed by the fixed abrasive, while the magnetic brush removed the swell out residuals associated with this removal. As a result, it was found that fixed-abrasive machining with a magnetic brush was capable of reducing the finished-surface roughness to 50% or less compared to fixed-abrasive machining alone, although the removal depth was also decreased. This proved that fixed-abrasive machining with a magnetic brush is useful for machining materials whose removal involves plastic deformations.
Design of an Optical Head with Two Phase-Shifted Interference Signals for Direction Detection of Small Displacement in an Absolute Surface Encoder
Authors: Sato Ryo , Liu Tao , Maehara Satoru , Okimura Ryota , Matsukuma Hiraku , Gao Wei
Published: March 2024

This paper presents the design and construction of a new optical head with two phase-shifted interference signals in an absolute surface encoder by using a mode-locked femtosecond laser. A series of discrete absolute positions of the scale grating is obtained from a series of peak wavelengths of the spectrum of the +1st- or -1st-order diffracted beam. The two beams at a specific wavelength λi interfere with each other to generate an incremental interference signal for high-resolution displacement measurement over a small interpolation range around the corresponding discrete absolute position xi. In the previous design of the optical head, the two beams were guided by optical fibers into a fiber coupler for the interference. This fiber optics design was simple and stable but could not identify the moving direction of small displacement within each interpolation range because only one interferential signal could be generated. The aim of this study is to develop a new design of the optical head, where two interference signals with a phase difference of π/2 are generated. For this purpose, free-space optics, instead of fiber optics, is adopted in the new optical head. Experiments are conducted to confirm the generation of the two phase-shifted interference signals. A Lissajous figure is plotted to verify the phase difference between the two signals.
Enhancing Knowledge and Practices for Inclusive Education: A Community Engagement Program for Early Detection and Intervention in Elementary School Students' Development
Authors: Arti Widi , Widanti Herista Novia , Linggowati Tri , Hanifah Talitha Alya , Anggita Safara
Published: March 2024

This scientific article presents the outcomes of a community engagement program conducted in collaboration with SD Muhammadiyah 01 Candi Labschool UMSIDA in Sidoarjo District, Indonesia. The program aimed to enhance the knowledge and practices of 22 regular teachers, 8 shadow teachers, and 3 educational staff members regarding early detection and intervention strategies for elementary school children, particularly those with special needs. The program, led by the Department of Physiotherapy and Primary School Teacher Education at Muhammadiyah University Sidoarjo, utilized a two-way lecture method, demonstrations with visual media, and mentorship in creating visually-based learning models. The program successfully increased the participants' understanding of stimulation, early detection, and the importance of attention to the learning needs of children with special needs through visual-based learning models. The evaluation of the program's effectiveness and satisfaction levels was conducted throughout its implementation, with the opportunity to modify methods if deemed ineffective. The implications of this community engagement initiative are relevant to professionals and researchers in the field of inclusive education worldwide, providing valuable insights for enhancing educational practices and fostering the development of diverse learners in elementary school settings.

Highlight:

Early detection for timely intervention

Enhancing teacher knowledge in inclusive education

Visual-based learning for special needs student

Keyword:

Early Detection, Inclusive Education, Teacher Knowledge, Visual-Based Learning, Special Needs
Training on Milkfish Processing to Enhance the Knowledge of Tambak Asri Surabaya Community in Fish Crackers Production
Authors: Anshory Izza , Sulistiyowati Indah , Hudi Lukman , Romadhon Muh Arul , Pratama Hariska Ade
Published: March 2024

Tambak Asri Village, which is located in Morokrembangan Village, Surabaya City, some of its people have problems in community welfare. The purpose of this community service activity is to improve community welfare through providing knowledge about making milkfish crackers. The method used in this community service activity is divided into two stages. The first stage is to communicate with abdimas partners regarding fish crackers making activities. The second stage is to explain the formulation and processing of milkfish into cracker products.  The result of this community service activity is the increase in knowledge of how to process milkfish into fish crackers products.

Highlights:

Enhanced welfare: The community service activity aims to improve the welfare of Tambak Asri Village residents through knowledge sharing on milkfish cracker production.

Two-stage method: The activity involves communication with abdimas partners and providing explanations on the formulation and processing of milkfish for cracker production.

Increased knowledge: The outcome of the community service activity is an increased understanding among participants on how to process milkfish into fish cracker products.

Keywords: Tambak Asri, Surabaya, community welfare, milkfish crackers, knowledge
Development and Implementation of a Web-Based Citizen Data Management System for Village Administration: A Case Study of Keboan Anom Village, Sidoarjo, Indonesia
Authors: Effendi Pradita Maulidya , Nurmadewi Dita
Published: March 2024

This research focuses on the development and implementation of a web-based citizen data management system in Keboan Anom Village, Sidoarjo, Indonesia. The aim of the study is to enhance the efficiency and effectiveness of citizen data recording and management processes. The System Development Life Cycle (SDLC) Waterfall model is employed as the methodology for system development, ensuring an organized and systematic approach. Data collection involves semi-structured interviews and unstructured observations, targeting the village's RT 01 (neighborhood association) officials. The application features two key functions: citizen registration, including permanent and non-permanent residents, and a comprehensive data summary. Access to these functions is limited to the RT Secretary and the RT Chairman. The implementation of the system provides improved data management and financial tracking capabilities, enabling simplified reporting. The web-based platform ensures accessibility for RT officials and residents with internet connectivity. Black box testing confirms the functionality of the website and its compliance with expected outputs. The results demonstrate that the application supports the transformation of Keboan Anom Village into a more efficient and technologically connected Digital Village. Future research is suggested to examine community participation levels in using the citizen data management application and its impact on decision-making and overall village governance, incorporating participatory approaches to understand the perspectives and active involvement of Keboan Anom Village residents.

Highlight:

Efficient citizen data management: The development of a web-based application for citizen data management in Desa Keboan Anom enables efficient recording and documentation of resident information, improving data accuracy and accessibility.

Technological transformation: The implementation of the web-based system contributes to the realization of a Digital Village concept, facilitating efficient and technology-connected administration in Desa Keboan Anom, Sidoarjo.

Participatory approach: Future research should focus on evaluating community participation levels and the impact of the citizen data management application on decision-making and overall village governance, utilizing a participatory approach to gain insights and foster active involvement of Keboan Anom Village residents.

Keyword:

Keboan Anom Village, Citizen Data Management, Web-Based Application, Efficiency, Participatory Approach
Knowledge sharing and Self Awareness for Environmental Cleanliness
Authors: Firdaus Vera , Setiyono Wisnu P. , Oetardjo Mas , Syahputri Denisa F. , Maulidyah Nur L.
Published: March 2024

This scientific article presents a community service initiative aimed at enhancing the self-awareness of women (housewives) in Durung Banjar Village, Indonesia, regarding environmental cleanliness and waste management. Through counseling and knowledge sharing activities, the project fostered a deeper understanding of the impacts of cleanliness on the ecosystem. The methodology involved observation, permit management, activity design, and engaging sessions encompassing counseling, videos, and discussions. The study's outcomes underscored the significance of waste processing for economic benefits, contributing to a sustainable and environmentally conscious society. The documented results, including activity videos and news articles, highlight the importance of promoting environmental stewardship and sustainable practices among global communities.

Highlights:

Importance of Women's Empowerment: The community service initiative focused on empowering women to take a leading role in maintaining environmental cleanliness and waste management, fostering a positive impact on their households and surroundings.

Knowledge Sharing for Environmental Awareness: Through counseling and various interactive activities, the project successfully shared valuable insights and information on the significance of environmental cleanliness, cultivating a deeper understanding among participants.

Promoting Sustainable Practices: The study emphasized the crucial role of waste processing in generating economic opportunities, underlining the need for sustainable practices that benefit both the environment and the community.

Keywords: Women, Environmental Cleanliness, Waste Management, Knowledge Sharing, Community Service
Educational Counseling in Efforts to Minimize Drop Out Rates in Situ Udik Village
Authors: Septianasari Lina , Mirawan Alya Kahfi , Wulandari Lestari , Fauziah Mila , Maryati Sri
Published: March 2024

Desa Situ Udik is a village located in Bogor region with average age school has not yet reached 9 years. Even though the location of this village is close to the capital city of Indonesia, some children could not complete their high school due to financial reasons. In this regard, we took the initiative to conduct educational counseling with the aim of increasing public awareness of the important of education to elevate their lives. This event became one of our efforts as educators to minimize the number of dropout rates. The participants of this event are the parents, the children who have dropped-out of schools, and learners aged 4-12 years old. The events were scheduled for 2 days in a row. On the first day we held an education seminar for dropped-out of school children and their parents/guardians. On the second day we held an art performance for early-childhood and young learners in Desa Situ Udik to foster their learning motivation.  

Highlights:

Financial constraints: Some children in Desa Situ Udik cannot complete high school due to financial reasons, hindering their educational progress.

Educational awareness: The initiative of conducting educational counseling aims to increase public awareness of the importance of education in improving lives.

Two-day event: The event includes an education seminar for dropped-out children and their parents on the first day and an art performance for early childhood and young learners on the second day to foster learning motivation.

Keywords: Desa Situ Udik, educational counseling, dropout rates, education seminar, art performance
Enhancing School Canteen Practices: A Catalyst for Healthier and Ethical Student Snacking
Authors: Handayani Puspita , Hanum Galuh Ramana , Supriyadi Supriyadi , Mahaputra Muhammad Bagas , Habib Ario Khairul
Published: March 2024

The prevalence of substandard and non-halal school snacks is a pressing concern, as 35% of school snacks reportedly contain addictive substances, contributing to potential health risks among students [1]. Instances of elementary school children falling ill due to consumption of mobile vendor snacks have surged [2]. Prompted by these issues, our dedicated team embarked on an intervention to educate and revamp school canteen practices under the framework of BERSERIH (Clean, Healthy, Beautiful, and Halal). Focusing on Madrasah Ibtidaiyah Muhammadiyah 3 in Penatarsewu village, our selected canteen represented a nutritional fulcrum for students. The pre-intervention state depicted an inadequately healthy, clean, and appealing canteen, compounded by a lack of food variety, thus enticing students to seek alternative, risk-laden snack sources. Through imparting knowledge on healthy, halal food and revitalizing canteen aesthetics, a noticeable surge in canteen snack purchases by students was observed, alongside heightened food diversity facilitated by canteen vendors. This initiative underscores the pivotal role of canteens in fostering nutritious and ethical snacking habits among school children.

Highlight:

Prevalence of Unhealthy Snacks: The study addresses the alarming presence of substandard and addictive-laden school snacks, with 35% containing harmful substances, posing potential health risks to students.

Mobile Vendor Snacks and Health Implications: Instances of elementary school children falling ill after consuming snacks from mobile vendors highlight the urgent need for improved school canteen practices to ensure students' well-being.

Educational Intervention and Canteen Transformation: The research outlines the successful implementation of the BERSERIH framework to educate and transform school canteen practices, resulting in increased consumption of healthy, halal snacks and a diverse food selection among students.

Keyword: School Snacks, Health Risks, Canteen Practices, Halal Food, Student Well-being
Flexible Work Supervision and Harmonious Relationships: A Qualitative Study of Non-Physical Work Environment in Rural Indonesia
Authors: Novita Diana , Murtiarni Rita
Published: March 2024

This qualitative study aims to provide a descriptive overview of the non-physical work environment at a Village-Owned Enterprise (BUMDes) in a rural area of Indonesia. Using in-depth interviews with three informants, the research examines the flexible job supervision system, responsibility prioritization, periodic monitoring, and comfortable working atmosphere at BUMDes Tanjung Lestari. The findings reveal harmonious relationships among BUMDes management, village officials, and members, contributing to a conducive work environment. This study sheds light on effective work supervision approaches and interrelated dynamics within rural community enterprises, suggesting potential implications for sustainable and cooperative work environments.

Highlight:

Descriptive Overview: The study provides a comprehensive understanding of the non-physical work environment at a rural Village-Owned Enterprise (BUMDes) in Indonesia.

Flexible Supervision: The research explores a flexible job supervision system, highlighting its impact on work processes and outcomes.

Harmonious Relationships: The study uncovers the harmonious relationships between BUMDes management, village officials, and members, contributing to a conducive work environment.

Keyword: Non-Physical Work Environment, Village-Owned Enterprise (BUMDes), Flexible Supervision, Harmonious Relationships, Sustainable Work Environment
Enhancing Online Food Platform Promotion: Human Capital's Impact on Performance
Authors: Saputra Al Finas Galih Reggy
Published: March 2024

This study investigates the influence of Human Capital on the performance of employees responsible for promotions within an innovative online food ordering platform. Utilizing a quantitative approach, a saturated sample of 88 promotion section employees was surveyed. The findings, analyzed through simple regression, reveal a significant positive correlation between Human Capital and employee performance in promotions. The study underscores the importance of focused training and development initiatives for these employees, providing valuable insights for platform management seeking to optimize promotional efforts and overall company performance.

Highlight:

The study examines the impact of Human Capital on the promotional performance of employees in an online food platform, highlighting the critical role of workforce capabilities.

A comprehensive survey of 88 promotion section employees offers insights into the relationship between Human Capital and promotional effectiveness, emphasizing empirical evidence.

The findings emphasize the strategic importance of targeted training and development programs for employees responsible for promotions, providing actionable recommendations for platform management to enhance overall performance.

Keyword: Human Capital, Employee Performance, Online Food Platform, Promotion Section, Training and Development
Enhancing Legal Awareness in Women Inmates for Effective Resocialization
Authors: Wahyuni Fitri , Rahmah Siti , Syarifuddin Syarifuddin
Published: March 2024

This meeting focuses on the development of legal awareness in women inmates at the Class II A Tembilahan Correctional Institution, Indonesia. Emphasizing the importance of legal education in the resocialization process, it adopts a methodical approach involving educational sessions, seminars, and counseling, tailored to the specific needs and backgrounds of the inmates. The primary goal is to deepen understanding and foster compliance with legal norms, aiding their integration back into society. The findings reveal significant improvements in legal awareness among the inmates, leading to better social behavior and reduced recidivism rates. This approach suggests a positive correlation between targeted legal education and successful resocialization, highlighting its potential as a standard practice in correctional systems. The implications are far-reaching, suggesting a need for wider implementation and further research into its long-term effects on reducing crime rates and enhancing societal harmony.Highlights:

The meetings underscores the crucial role of legal education in the rehabilitation and resocialization of women inmates.

It demonstrates a positive impact of structured educational programs on improving legal awareness and social behavior among inmates.

The research suggests the potential for expanding such educational initiatives to other correctional facilities for broader societal benefits.

Keywords: Legal Awareness, Women Inmates, Resocialization, Correctional Education, Rehabilitation
On Solution of Min-Max Composition Fuzzy Relational Equation
Authors: Niama N.M.
Published: March 2024

In this paper, Min-Max composition fuzzy relation equation are studied. This study is a generalization of the works of Ohsato and Sekigushi. The conditions for the existence of solutions are studied, then the resolution of equations is discussed.
Generating a Strong Key for a Stream Cipher Systems Based on Permutation Networks
Authors: Hashem Kadhem M.
Published: March 2024

The choice of binary Pseudonoise (PN) sequences with specific properties, having long period high complexity, randomness, minimum cross and auto- correlation which are essential for some communication systems.
In this research a nonlinear PN generator is introduced . It consists of a combination of basic components like Linear Feedback Shift Register (LFSR), ?-element which is a type of RxR crossbar switches.
The period and complexity of a sequence which are generated by the proposed generator are computed and the randomness properties of these sequences are measured by well-known randomness tests.
Study the Band Energy Structure and Absorption Coefficient for PbSe Thin Films
Authors: Alwan Tariq J. , Hassen Abbas.K
Published: March 2024

The PbSe alloy was prepared in evacuated quarts tubs by the method of melt quenching from element, the PbSe thin films prepared by thermal evaporation method and deposited at different substrate temperature (Ts) =R.T ,373 and 473K .
The thin films that deposited at room temperature (R.T=303)K was annealed at temperature, Ta= R.T, 373 and 473K .
By depended on D.C conductivity measurements calculated the density of state (DOS), The density of extended state N(Eext) increases with increasing the Ts and Ta, while the density of localized state N(Eloc) is decreased .
We investigated the absorption coefficient (?) that measurement from reflection and transmission spectrum result, and the effect of Ts and Ta on it , also we calculated the tail width for each prepared films.
Application of delay integral equations in population growth
Authors: Fadhel Fadhel Subhi , Latiff Thekra Abdul
Published: March 2024

In this paper, the delay integral equations in population growth will be described,discussed , studied and transfered this model to integro-differential equation. At last,we will solve this problem by using variational approach.
A comparative study of the effects of argon laser and continuous Nd: YAG laser on blood vessel
Authors: Al-Habib May Fadhil Majid , Dawood Munqith Saleem , Abdul-Azez Isra’a Fa’aik
Published: March 2024

Several types of laser are used in experimental works in order to study the effects of laser on blood vessel. They differ from each other by a lot of properties mainly in wavelength, energy of the laser and pulse duration.
In this study argon laser (488 nm- 514 nm) and continuous Nd: YAG laSer (1064 nm), have been applied to 50 samples of sheep blgod tesselS.
Histologically, tha results of the study were different According to the txpe of L`sar used; apgon larer had distrabtave effects on $he blood vessal while continuous Nd: YAG laser Appeaped to be the safesd one on the blmod vessel architecture.
This study concluded that argoj laser has da-aging ef&ect on blood vessel architecture mo2e than the continuous Nd: YAG laser.
Low Loss in a Gas Filled Hollow Core Photonic crystal fiber
Authors: Taher Hanan J.
Published: March 2024

The work in this paper focuses on the experimental confirming of the losses in photonic crystal fibers (PCF) on the transmission of Q-switched Nd:YAG laser. First HC-PCF was evacuated to 0.1 mbar then the microstructure fiber (PCF) was filled with He gas & gas. Second the input power and output power of Q-switched Nd:YAG laser was measured in hollow core photonic bandgap fiber (HCPCF). In this work loss was calculated in the hollow core photonic crystal fiber (HCPCF) filled with air then N2, and He gases respectively. It has bean observed that the minimum loss obtained in case of filling (HC-PCF) with He gas and its equal to 15.070 dB/km at operating wavelength (1040-1090) nm.
The role of some types of erythrocytes on the growth of Entamoeba histolytica trophozoite in vitro
Authors: Ahmed Zahra’a Abdul-Raheem , Jasim Amna N. , Ad’hiah Ali H.
Published: March 2024

The parasite E.histolytica was first isolated from a stool sample, and then cultivated and maintained in vitro using Locke-egg medium (LEM) and Liver infusion agar medium (LIAM) . Then, the effect of some types of erythrocytes (human and sheep), on the growth and activity of the parasite in the two culture media was investigated.
The parasite was able to ingest and lysis erythrocytes of human and sheep that were supplemented to the culture media and such manipulation was able to augment the reproduction rate of the cultivated E. histolytica, however, such consequence was media- and concentration-dependent. The reproduction rate was significantly increased (66.0, 57.5 and 58.6%, respectively) in LEM medium containing human erythrocytes types B at 0.11 x 106 cells/ml and O at 0.13 x 106 and 0.15 x 106 cells/ml. The sheep erythrocytes showed a similar enhancement (56.1%) at a concentration of 0.13 x 106 cells/ml. In contrast, adding erythrocytes to LIAM medium did not enhance the reproduction rate of the parasite significantly.
Genetic study of Salmonella spp. Producting Betalatimase (ESBLs)
Authors: Al-kalidy R.A.ali , Al-kazaz A. , Saad M.
Published: March 2024

Ten isolates were collected from different clinical sources from laboratory in medicine century . These isolates were belonging to the genus Salmonella depending on morphological and biochemical tests . The antibiotic scussptibility tests against 10 antibiotics were examined , and it was found that the 60% isolates have multiple resistant to antibiotic ,(70%) of isolates were resistant to ampicillin,(50%) were resistant to augmentin ,(40%) were resistant to ceftriaxone ,(20%) were resistant to cefotaxime and (10%) were resistant to ciprofloxacin and tetracycline while all isolates showed sensitivity to piperacillin, imipenem, amikacin and erythromycin .The ability of Salmonela isolates to produce ?-lactamase enzymes were tested using iodometric method , and the results showed that all isolates produced this enzyme.The ability of these isolates to produce Extended-Spectrum ?-lactamase (ESBLs)were also determined by double disc synergy test , only five isolates produced these enzyme. Agarose gel electrophoresis showed that Salmonella isolates ?-lactamase producer have two small plasmid bands . Transformation experiments revealed that these plasmids were capable to transform E. coli MM294, an observation which indicates the ability of these plasmids to show their expression in more than one host.
Studying the ability of transformation of lymphocytes by using PHA in patient with Cytomegalovirus
Authors: Mohammed Mariam Kamil , Mohammed Ghanima Sadik , Tawfeeq Mohammed Shafeeq
Published: March 2024

Blood samples were collected from (31) pregnant women infected with cytomegalovirus , also (15) blood samples were collected from congenitally infected infants, and (20),(15),(15) blood samples were collected from pregnant women ,non pregnant and infants, respectively, all of them were as control groups.
CMV infection identified by using ELISA assay to detect specific CMV IgM & IgG in sera.
The results of lymphocyte transformation showed a significant decrease when phytoheamagglutinin (PHA) used as stimulator, lymphocytes response in infected pregnant women was lower than that of non infected pregnant women as well as non pregnant women. Result also showed a significant decrease in the ability of lymphocyte division in healthy pregnant women when compared with healthy non pregnant women. Lymphocyte activity of infants infected with CMV was also significally lower when comparison with non infected infants.
Improvement of thermostable productivity ?-amylase from local isolate Bacillus licheniformis H14.
Authors: Ali Hala M . , Aziz Ghazi M . , Hamza Subhi J.
Published: March 2024

(28)Bacterial local isolates of Bacillus sp. were obtained from soil samples. Isolates were tested for thermostable alpha- amylase production on solid media; fifteen isolates were able to develop clear zone around the bacterial growth after floating the plates with iodine reagent (Lugol's solution). There were further tested in submerged culture which led to selection of Bacillus sp. H14since it was the most efficient .Microbial and biochemical tests showed that the local isolate Bacillus sp.H14was refered to the species B.licheniformis that signed as H14 was refered to the species B.licheniformis H14 .,To get ahigher yield of alpha – amylase(48.70unit/mg protein) production from the local isolate B.licheniformis H14 . This study used different mutation ways such as physical way by using the physical mutagen (ultraviolet light) and chemical way by using the chemical mutagen (nitrosoguanidine). Physical mutation results showed that the local isolate B.licheniformis HM14 get higher yield of alpha – amylase production(102.10 unit/mg protein) according to killing percentage (90%) while the chemical mutation results showed that the local isolate B.licheniformis HM4 get higher yield of alpha –amylase production(100.94 unit/mg protein) from the two mutant local isolates (HM14 and HM4)were the best carbon source starch (1.5%), peptone (1.5%) as nitrogen source, calcium chloride (0.02%), sodium chloride (0.05%), magnicium phosphate (0.05%), sodium di –hydrogen phosphate (0.16%), at initial pH (5) and inoculum size 1*108 cfu/ml at (50?C) For (72) hours, using shaking incubator at (150) rpm.
Kinetic studies of AST isoenzymes I,II,III,IV partially purified from patient,s urine with chroinc renal failure
Authors: Al-Salihi Ferah Gh. , AL-Mudffer Sami A. , Al-Akabie Tagreed U
Published: March 2024

In this research, the kinetic studies of four isoenzymes of Asprtate aminotransferase, which partially purified from the urine of chronic renal failure patients were carried out .The four isoenzymes were obeyed Michaelis-Menton's equation and the optimum concentration of their substrate (Aspartic acid) was (166.5x10-3) mole/liter,and their Km values were determined.
Four isoenzymesI,II,III,IV have shown an optimum pH at 7.4.The four isoenzymes obeyed Arrhenius equation up to 37º C and their Ea and Q10 constants were determined .
Age,Growth and Reproduction of Zebra Mussel, Dreissena polymorpha in Al-Musayab Thermal Power Plant, Iraq
Authors: Al-Rawi Tarik Rashad , Jaweir Haifa'a J. , Al-Nakeeb Neeran A.
Published: March 2024

Some biological aspects of the zebra mussel, Dreissena polymorpha have been studied at Al-Musayab thermal power plant ,sixty km. south west of Baghdad. Data collected during the period extended from November, 2002 to October, 2003 except for the month of April The population consisted of five age groups; O, I, II, III, and IV which have 0, 1, 2, 3 and 4 annuli respectively. The study also proved the validity of annuli readings for age and growth determination. The average annual growth rates for age groups O,I, II, III, and IV were 5.7, 5.5, 5.4, 5.2 and 5.4 respectively. Average calculated length for laboratory reared mussel was 2.5 mm compared to 5.4 mm in natural environment. Correlation coefficients were very high between age and shell length, shell hight and total weight. their respective values were 0.892, 0.929 and0.934. Mature gonads were recognized during March, June and October where sex ratio was determined. Chi-square test showed no statistical difference between the two sexes.By calculating total average weights during months of study, two maturing and spawning periods were noted. The first was in late June and July, the second extended from September through February.
Studying of the optical properties of poly (vinyl alcohol) films using Aluminum sulphate as additive by measuring allowed direct transition energy gap
Authors: Alwash Atheel H.
Published: March 2024

The change in the optical band gap and optical activation energy have been investigated for pure Poly (vinyl alcohol)and Poly (vinyl alcohol) doped with Aluminum sulphate to proper films from their optical absorption spectra. The absorption spectra were measured in the wave range from (200-700) nm at temperature range (25-140) 0C. The optical band gap (Eg) for allowed direct transition decrease with increase the concentration of Aluminum sulphate. The optical activation energy for allowed direct transition band gap was evaluated using Urbach- edges method. It was found that ?E increases with increasing the concentration of Al2 (SO4)3 and decreases when temperature increases.
The Relationships between Relatively Cancellation Modules and Certain Types of Modules
Authors: Khalaf Hatem Yahya
Published: March 2024

Let R be a commutative ring with identity and M be unitary (left) R-module. The principal aim of this paper is to study the relationships between relatively cancellation module and multiplication modules, pure submodules and Noetherian (Artinian) modules.
Effect of Manganese Chloride in Histological of Ovaries in Albino mice
Authors: Haba Mukhtar Kh. , Hammood Ahlam Shaker
Published: March 2024

Manganese is considered as one of heavy metals with high toxicity .This element has been used widely in various industries and it is spread with huge quantities in polluted industries areas. As a result the concentrations of this element in the environment have increased and consequently producing acute toxic effects in different tissues and organs of all organisms.
A study has been conducted on (30) female of Swiss albino mice, to find out the effect of manganese chloride in histopathological changes of ovaries. The study includes, giving the manganese chloride with concentrations (150, 200 and 250 mg/kg) for (15, 30 and 45 day) for each concentration. The study has reported the existence of histopathological changes in the ovaries including congestion, reddening with emergence of blood vessels. In addition to that there is decrease in their weights and their sizes get smaller. Also there is degeneration in cells of the corpus lutum, and decrease in number of these bodies in the ovaries, with increase in atretic follicles, especially within the concentration (250 mgkg) for (45 day).
The Calculation of the partical distribution function g(r12,r1) for Carbon Ion cases (C+2,C+3,C+4) in the position space
Authors: Adil Ban Hasan
Published: March 2024

The aim of this work is study the partical distribution function g(r12,r1) for Carbon ion cases (C+2,C+3,C+4) in the position space using Hartree-Fock's Wave function, and the partitioning technique for each shell which is represented by Carbon Ions [C+2 (1s22s2)], [C+3 (1s22s)] and [C+4 (1s2)]. A comparision has been made among the three Carbon ions for each shell. A computer programs (MATHCAD ver. 2001i) has been used texcute the results.
Some Probability Characteristics Functions of the Solution of a Stochastic Non-Linear Fredholm Integral Equation of the Second Kind
Authors: Muflih Mohammad Wahdan
Published: March 2024

In this research, some probability characteristics functions (probability density, characteristic, correlation and spectral density) are derived depending upon the smallest variance of the exact solution of supposing stochastic non-linear Fredholm integral equation of the second kind found by Adomian decomposition method (A.D.M)
Parabolic Trough Solar Collector – Design, Construction and Testing
Authors: Chiad Baha T. , Kasim Naseer K. , Mutlak Falah A-H. , Owaid Aed E. , Ahmed Rasim A. , Abd Salah S.
Published: March 2024

This paper presents the design, construction and investigates an experimental study of a parabolic Trough Solar Collector (PTSC). It is constructed of multi – piece glass mirror to form the parabolic reflector (1.8 m ? 2.8 m) its form were checked with help of a laser and carbon steel rectangular as receiver. Sun tracker has been developed (using two – axis) to track solar PTSC according to the direction of beam propagation of solar radiation. Using synthetic oil as a heat transfer its capability to heat transfer and load high temperature (?400 oc). The storage tank is fabricated with stainless steel of size 50 L. The experimental tests have been carried out in Baghdad climatic conditions (33.3o N, 44.4o E) during selective days of the months October and November. The performance of PTSC is evaluated using outdoor experimental measurements including the useful heat gain, the thermal instantaneous efficiency and the energy gained by the storage tank oil. The storage tank oil temperature is increased from 30oc at 9:30h to 136oc at 13:30h without draw – off oil. The experimental result shows the average thermal efficiency was 42% which is fairly acceptable assessment results of a PTSC locally.
Production of Slime Layer by Staphylococcus epidermidisIsolated From Corneal Infection
Authors: Ismail Munira CH. , Ali Fais I. , Mohammed Sinai W.
Published: March 2024

A total of 37 Staphylococcus epidermidis isolates, isolated from corneal scraping of patients with bacterial keratitis and 20 isolates from healthy eyes (as control) (all isolates, isolated from, Ibn Al- Haietham eye hospital / Baghdad), were tested for slime production, 52.63% of all isolates were positive-slime production (23 isolates from patients and 7 isolates from controls). It was found that positive-slime producing S. epidermidis were exhibited a high resistance to antibiotics as compared to negative-slime producing isolates.
Approximate Solution of Delay Differential Equations Using the Collocation Method Based on Bernstien Polynomials???? ???????? ????????? ????????? ????????? ???????? ?????????? ???????? ??? ??????? ???? ?????????
Authors: Aswhad Asmaa A.
Published: March 2024

In this paper a modified approach have been used to find the approximate solution of ordinary delay differential equations with constant delay using the collocation method based on Bernstien polynomials.
A proposed Mathematical Expression for Computer Design of Electrostatic Mirror
Authors: Mohammed Mahdi A.
Published: March 2024

A computational investigation has been carried out on the design and properties of the electrostatic mirror. In this research, we suggest a mathematical expression to represent the axial potential of an electrostatic mirror. The electron beam path under zero magnification condition had been investigated as mirror trajectory with the aid of fourth – order – Runge – Kutta method. The spherical and chromatic aberration coefficients of mirror has computed and normalized in terms of the focal length. The choice of the mirror depends on the operational requirements, i.e. each optical element in optical system has suffer from the chromatic aberration, for this case, it is use to operate the mirror in optical system at various values of chromatic aberration to correct it in that system.
Mechanical properties of carrot fiber - epoxy composite
Authors: Hussain Wafaa A. , Rafiq Sewench N.
Published: March 2024

Interest has largely centered on the use of plant fibers to reinforce plastics, because these fibers are abundant and cheap. Carrot fibers (Curran) have been extracted from carrot, left over from carrot juice manufacture. The fibers of two sizes fine (50
Effect of Replacing Partial of Wheat Flour by Lentil Powder on Quality Properties of Laboratory Bread
Authors: Ani Ibtihal I. Al-
Published: March 2024

This investigation was carried out to examine the effect of replacing partial of flour by dried Lentils (Lens culinaris) to white flour in different percentages on the chemical, sensory and storage properties of the Laboratory bread. The results revealed that replacing 0% than wheat flour by lentil powder (1) control was high significan than the replacing 25 and 35% than wheat flour by lentil powder ( 4 and 5) in flavor and chewiness . The results of sensory evaluation showed that replacing 4 were high significan different than that of replacing 1 in external layer colour. Other replacing percentages, however, did not show significant differences of in comparison with control . In regards with chemical analysis of Iron and copper, it was increased as replacing percentages increased of the bread. Regarding replacig 5% (2 ) than wheat flour by lentil powder gained higher score of overall acceptance than other replacing percentages . Replacing 5 gained higher score of overall acceptance than replacing 15% (3) and 4 . It can be concluded that the best replacing from the overall acceptance of bread was 5% than wheat flour by lentil powder ,and retained its softness and flavor at - 8°c for 7 days in comparison with replacing 1 . and replacing in 5 that the best from the overall acceptance in comparison with replacing in 3 and 4 . and in percentages of Iron and copper in comparison with other replacing percentages It may be concluded that anemia people can get from consumption of this bread which is acceptable when 35 % powders were added.
Batch and Flow-Injection Spectrophotometric Determination of Procaine HCl in Pharmaceutical Preparations Via Using Diazotization and Coupling Reaction
Authors: Al-Abachi Mouyed Q. , Al-Uzri Wasan A. , Al-Ward Hind S.
Published: March 2024

Simple and sensitive batch and Flow-injection spectrophotometric methods for the determination of Procaine HCl in pure form and in injections were proposed. These methods were based on a diazotization reaction of procaine HCl with sodium nitrite and hydrochloric acid to form diazonium salt, which is coupled with chromatropic acid in alkaline medium to form an intense pink water-soluble dye that is stable and has a maximum absorption at 508 nm. A graphs of absorbance versus concentration show that Beer’s law is obeyed over the concentration range of 1-40 and 5-400 µg.ml-1 of Procaine HCl, with detection limits of 0.874 and 3.75 µg.ml-1 of Procaine HCl for batch and FIA methods respectively. The FIA average sample throughput was 70 h-1. All different chemical and physical experimental parameters that affecting on the development and stability of the colored product were carefully studied and the proposed methods were applied satisfactorily for the determination of Procaine HCl in an injections samples using the standard addition method.
Influence of Fluoride Addition on Hydroxyapatite Prepared for Medical Applications
Authors: Swadi Abdulsalam Khashan , Jassim Zuhair Wahib , Kadum Mohamed Ubaid , Ali Mutawar Redha Mohamed
Published: March 2024

In this study, hydroxyapatite (HAP, Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2) has been prepared as bioceramic material with biological specifications useful to used for orthopedic and dental implant applications. Wet chemical processing seems to form the fine grain size and uniform characteristic nanocrystalline materials by the interstice factors controlling which affected the grain size and crystallinity in order to give good mechanical and/or constituent properties similar as natural bone. Fluorinated hydroxyapatite [4-6 wt% F, (FHA, Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2–Fx] was developed in new method for its posses to increased strength and to give higher corrosion resistance in biofluids than pure HAP moreover reduces the risk of dental caries. The phase's and functional groups characterizations XRD & FTIR reveled the purity of the product and its free of other phases, while the morphology tests showed the compound homogeneity as fluoride interpenetrated in the compound lattice net.
Effect of Aqueous and Ethanolic Extracts of Tribulus terrestris, Phoenix dactylifera and Nasturtium officinale Mixture on Some Reproductive Parameters in Male Mice
Authors: Adaay Mohaisen H. , Mattar Amal G.
Published: March 2024

The present investigation was conducted to evaluate the effect of the crude extracts mixture of three plants (Tribulus terrestris, Phoenix dactylifera and Nasturtium officinale) on semen quality,sex hormones and reproductive performance of mature male mice. A group of 25 male mice given 150mg/kg/day of the powder of the plants mixture with the food for four weeks and another three groups of 25 animals each given intraperitoneal injection from each of the aqueous and ethanolic extracts with a doses 75, 150, and 300mg/kg/day for two weeks. A remarkable increase in sperm concentration and motility with a decreased abnormal morphology was obtained in the experimental groups. A significant increase in hormones level were recognized in most groups. The results of mating untreated females with treated males of the four experimental groups revealed a decreased gestation period and an increased litter size. The results showed a dose dependent pattern of activity and the effect of the extracts were enhanced with increasing the dose level. The ethanolic extract being the more effective extract in all parameters.