bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
UNA APROXIMACIÓN EXPERIMENTAL ECONOMÉTRICA AL CONTEXTO DE CORRUPCIÓN EN PANAMÁ
Authors: Fruto de Santana Omayra
Published: March 2021

La corrupción es un problema sin precedentes que afecta las economías de los países, y donde sus efectos alcanzan a distintas variables macroeconómicas, entre ellas, el crecimiento económico.  La evidencia teórica señala la causalidad entre la corrupción y el crecimiento económico medido en términos del producto interno bruto.

El objetivo es formular una aproximación econométrica de carácter experimental explorando las relaciones que existen entre las variables corrupción, pobreza, desigualdad, producto interno bruto, y desempleo con respecto al contexto de la corrupción en Panamá. Se estima un modelo de corte transversal que buscan establecer una relación entre estas variables utilizando Gretl.

La investigación no propone analizar exhaustivamente el problema de la corrupción, pero la evidencia estadística muestra que el producto interno bruto no parece tener un fuerte impacto en el índice de corrupción.  No obstante, a medida que se fueron incorporando otras variables explicativas al modelo 4 se halló que el 55.5% de la variabilidad del índice de corrupción podría estar explicada por el conjunto de las variables PIB, índice de pobreza, índice de desigualdad, tasa de desempleo.
EVALUACIÓN DEL NIVEL DE MADUREZ DEL RIESGO EN EMPRESAS DE TRANSPORTE DE COMBUSTIBLE
Authors: Torres O. Práxedes A.
Published: March 2021

El nivel de madurez de riesgo de las compañías de transporte de combustible claro está en pleno crecimiento y alcanzando resultados muy buenos.  Esto conlleva a que su nivel de riesgo baje en las operaciones y por ende tengan menor accidentabilidad y mortalidad por esta causa, siendo una estrategia alineada con las tendencias internacionales solicitadas por organizaciones como la Organización Mundial de la Salud.  Este tipo de modelos deben ser mayormente incentivados por parte de las autoridades.  La investigación realizada tuvo por objetivo evaluar el nivel de madurez de la gestión de riesgo de las compañías de transporte de combustible como referencia de la industria del transporte al ser uno de los sectores que deben contar con los estándares más altos en gestión de riesgo y se encuentran frecuentemente expuestos.  Los resultados de dicho estudio indican que los niveles de madurez son excelentes en los atributos de Aplicación y Cultura; y competentes en los atributos Proceso y Socio.  Esto es buen indicativo de que las compañías de transporte de combustible tienen altos niveles de madurez del riesgo contribuyendo de manera significativa a la reducción de accidentes y fatalidades por accidentes viales.
EVALUACIÓN TÉCNICA DEL ENRIQUECIMIENTO DE HARINA DE TRIGO CON CASCARILLA DE CACAO (Theobroma cacao)
Authors: Burgos Briones Gabriel , Cedeño Ulbio Alcívar
Published: March 2021

En la industria del cacao (Theobroma cacao L.) se desperdician toneladas de materias, entre las que se encuentra la cascarilla, la cual representa el 12% del grano. Estudios previos atribuyen a esto, una significativa capacidad antioxidante y un gran porcentaje de fibra. Sin embargo, no se han realizado estudios importantes para analizar y garantizar su inocuidad para el consumo humano. Por este motivo la finalidad de este trabajo de investigación fue el desarrollo de un proceso de producción de harina de cascarilla de cacao y un análisis de las posibles mezclas por sustitución de 25%, 50% y 75% a la harina de trigo, garantizando la inocuidad de dicho producto a través de la realización de análisis físico-químicos, fitoquímicos y microbiológicos. Para dicha caracterización, se utilizó una muestra recolectada de la Corporación “Fortaleza del Valle” ubicada en la parroquia Calceta, Cantón Bolívar. A las muestras se les realizó un análisis proximal, el cual comprendió % humedad, materia seca, proteína, grasas, cenizas y fibra, adicionalmente, se estimó el contenido de minerales (calcio, magnesio, potasio, hierro, manganeso, cobre y zinc), y a su vez se evaluó la microbiología mediante el recuento de E. coli, mohos y levaduras. Además, se evaluaron sus propiedades antioxidantes como contenido de polifenoles (Folin Ciocalteu) y la actividad antioxidante, a través del método ABTS. Se concluyó que el porcentaje para enriquecimiento de harina de trigo con harina de cascarilla de cacao que mejor se ajusta a los parámetros de calidad para harinas, es cercano al 25%, sin embargo, no puede ser superior a esto debido a parámetros como el porcentaje de ceniza (2,87%) y grasas (9,15%) que posee la cascarilla de cacao están por encima de lo que indica la norma NTE INEN 616 (2015).
PERCEPCIÓN DE LOS ESTUDIANTES DE ADMINISTRACIÓN DEL CENTRO REGIONAL UNIVERSITARIO DE COLÓN CON RESPECTO A LAS CLASES VIRTUALES
Authors: Fiengo Yara , Barrera Ana , McKay Leyda , Young Alessandra
Published: March 2021

La pandemia del COVID-19 obligó a todos los países del mundo a la paralización, a imponer una cuarenta que detuvo las economías, cerró las fronteras y forzó a todos a quedarse en casa. En más de 190 países, la educación presencial se suspendió obligando a la modalidad virtual. En Panamá, se interrumpió el año escolar y las universidades públicas y privadas suspendieron las actividades presenciales. La Universidad de Panamá tomó la decisión de cambiar de modalidad presencial a clases virtuales a nivel nacional semanas antes del inicio del período de matrícula del primer semestre 2020. El Centro Regional Universitario de Colón siguió las directrices del Rector y del Consejo Académico, y se acogió la modalidad virtual lo que generó una serie de situaciones confusas entre la comunidad universitaria. El semestre transcurrió de forma virtual, pero surgió la inquietud de conocer las opiniones y experiencias de los estudiantes. A través de un sondeo a 110 estudiantes de las facultades de Administración de Empresas y Contabilidad y Administración Pública se identificó una serie de aspectos positivos y negativos del primer semestre virtual resaltando problemas socioeconómicos y otros relacionados directamente con los docentes. Los estudiantes demostraron entender la complejidad del entorno y de la situación, pero requieren acciones sobre circunstancias negativas de la nueva modalidad, para mejorar el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje virtual.
Table Tilt versus Pelvic Tilt Position for Intrauterine Resuscitation during Spinal Anesthesia for Caesarian Section
Authors: Khanidokht Ali , Taleby Houshang , Norouzi Afsaneh , Kamali Alireza , Shokrpour Maryam
Published: March 2021

Introduction

Intrauterine resuscitation has been proved to increase the oxygenation of placenta and umbilical blood flow. Lateral table tilt or a pelvic wedge are commonly used to reduce inferior vena cava compression during obstetric anesthesia in the supine position but limited studies have evaluated the role of intrauterine resuscitation by maneuvers. We compared the effects of table tilt versus pelvic tilt position on intrauterine resuscitation for caesarian section under spinal anesthesia.

Material and methods

This double blind randomized clinical trial conducted on 150 women undergoing cesarean section. Patients were randomly allocated to pelvic tilt (using a wedge under right buttock) or table tilt (15 degree left tilt of surgical table). Spinal anesthesia was performed, Sensory and motor block were evaluated every minute and time of block onset was recorded. Mean arterial blood pressure, heart rate and arterial oxygen saturation were measured every 5 minutes till the end of the operation. Fetal Apgar scores were recorded at 1st and 5th minutes after delivery. Data were analyzed using SPSS software.

Results

MAP and HR were significantly higher in table tilt group in comparison with pelvic tilt (p< 0/05). No significant difference was detected between the two groups in terms of sensory and motor block (p>0/05). Apgar scores of neonates were almost the same and no statistically significant differences between the two groups in 1st and 5th minutes Apgar score was noted(p>0/05).

Conclusions

Table tilt of 15 degrees during cesarean delivery with spinal anesthesia was effective in preventing maternal hypotension and bradycardia and is favorable in intrauterine resuscitation.
UCA1 and microRNA-18a signaling pathway mediates the irisin-lowering effect of met in the management of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)
Authors: Wang Wei , Hua Tian , Li Xiaodong , Zhang Xinxian , Hao Wei
Published: March 2021

Introduction

The present study aimed to clarify the underlying mechanism of metformin (met) in the management of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and to explore the role of UCA1/ microRNA-18a signaling pathway in the control of PCOS.

Material and methods

Real-time PCR was performed to compare the level of irisin, blood glucose, UCA1 and miR-18a among PCOS, PCOS + Met, and control groups using area under curve (AUC) values. In-silicon analysis and luciferase assay were performed to explore the regulatory relationship among UCA1, miR-18a and irisin. Real-time PCR and Western-blot analysis were carried out to detect the effect of met on the expression of UCA1, miR-18a and irisin.

Results

AUC of UCA1 was the highest while AUC of irisin was the lowest. Also, irisin and UCA1 levels in the PCOS group were much higher than those in the PCOS + Met group, while miR-18a level in the PCOS group was much lower than PCOS + Met group. Through the luciferase assay, miR-18a was proved to directly bound to irisin 3’UTR. Additionally, irisin was identified to be a target gene of miR-18a. Finally, the treatment with met at the increasing concentration reduced the level of UCA1 and irisin but increased the level of miR-18a in a dose dependent manner.

Conclusions

In the management of PCOS, the irisin-lowering effect of met is regulated by the UCA1/miR-18a/RhoB signaling pathway.
MiR-146a and miR-155 polymorphisms in Egyptian patients with Behcet’s disease
Authors: Abdelaleem Omayma , Shaker Olfat
Published: March 2021

Introduction

Background: The current study designed to analyze whether polymorphisms of miR-146a and miR-155 are related to Behçet’s disease (BD) in Egyptian population.

Material and methods

Methods: A total of 96 unrelated BD patients and 100 healthy subjects were genotyped for miR-146a (rs2910164) and miR-155(rs767649) using real-time polymerase chain reaction.

Results

Results: the results showed significant elevation in the frequency of rs2910164 GG and CC genotypes in BD patients compared with controls (adjusted OR = 22.156, 95% CI (4.728-103.818); P < 0.001 and adjusted OR = 40.358, 95% CI (8.928 -182.440); P < 0.001, respectively). Also, rs2910164 G allele conferred a higher risk of developing BD (adjusted OR = 3.665, 95% CI (2.013-6.671); P < 0.001). MiR-146a (rs2910164) polymorphism was a risk factor for susceptibility to BD in dominant, recessive and additive models of inheritance(All P < 0.001), while, the miR-155(rs767649) polymorphism was a risk factor in recessive model only (P = 0.021). GG and CG genotypes of rs2910164 were associated with higher BDCAI activity and ocular involvement compared with CC genotype (P = 0.005 and P =0.004, respectively). Genotype AT of rs767649 was related to higher BDCAI activity (P = 0. 026) compared with TT or AA genotypes.

Conclusions

Conclusion: The miR-146a (rs2910164) and miR-155(rs767649) were likely to play an important role in Egyptian population to develop BD and also influence disease severity.
MiR-93 suppresses cell proliferation and invasion by targeting ZNF322 in human hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Zhang Yong , Miao Liangsheng , Zhang Huijuan , Wu Gang , Lv Jianrui
Published: March 2021

Introduction

This study aimed to investigate the biological role of microRNA 93 (miR-93), a novel tumor-related miRNA, in human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and elucidate the potential molecular mechanisms involved.

Material and methods

Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was conducted to determine the expression of miR-93 in HCC tissues and cell lines. The log-rank test and Kaplan-Meier survival analysis were performed to evaluate the relationship between miR-93 expression and overall survival. MTT assay, colony formation assay, Transwell migration and invasion assays were carried out to exam cell proliferation, colony formation, migration and invasion, respectively. Murine xenograft models were established to the effect of miR-93 on tumor growth in vivo. TargetScan online software was applied to predict the potential target of miR-93. Luciferase reporter assays were used to validate the direct binding of miR-93 and its putative target.

Results

Here we found that miR-93 was significantly down-regulated in HCC tissues and cell lines. Patients with decreased miR-93 expression had a significantly shorter overall survival. Functional investigations demonstrated miR-93 over-expression suppressed HCC cell proliferation, weakened clonogenic ability, and slowed down cell migration and invasion; whereas miR-93 depletion facilitated HCC cell proliferation, colony formation, cell migration and invasion. MiR-93 over-expression retarded tumor growth in vivo. Luciferase reporter assay and rescue assay revealed that zinc finger protein 322 (ZNF322) was a direct target of miR-93 and mediated the inhibitory effects of miR-93 on HCC cell proliferation and motility.

Conclusions

Our data may provide some evidence for miR-93/ZNF322 axis a candidate therapeutic target for HCC.
Association of vitamin D receptor gene polymorphisms
with rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Marquez Pete Noelia , Perez Ramirez Cristina , Maldonado Montoro Maria del Mar , Martinez Martinez Fernando , Fernández-Llimos Fernando , Sánchez Pozo Antonio , Ramirez Tortosa María del Carmen , Jiménez Morales Alberto
Published: March 2021

Introduction

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory autoimmune disease of unknown etiology which causes progressive deterioration
of the joints, leading to severe pain and functional disability. Vitamin D and
its receptor (VDR) play a significant part in the onset of autoimmune diseases such as RA. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the association
between VDR gene polymorphisms and risk of developing RA.

Material and methods

A retrospective study was performed, including
214 RA cases and 748 controls of Caucasian origin. FokI (rs2228570), BsmI
(rs1544410), TaqI (rs731236), ApaI (rs7975232) and Cdx2 (rs11568820) gene
polymorphisms were analyzed by TaqMan

Results

The recessive logistic regression model showed that the VDR FokIAA genotype was associated with lower risk of RA (p = 0.0255; OR = 0.58;
95% CI: 0.35–0.92). No other genetic polymorphism showed any association with RA in any of the models tested. Haplotype analysis revealed that
the haplotypes ACGAG (p = 0.033; OR = 1.62; 95% CI: 1.04–2.53) and GTGCA
(p < 0.01; OR = 2.77; 95% CI: 1.53–4.98) for BsmI, Cdx2, FokI, ApaI and TaqI
were associated with higher risk of RA.

Conclusions

VDR FokI gene polymorphism showed a trend for risk of RA,
taking into account the variables of gender, age and tobacco use, and preventing false positives. Among our patients we found no influence of VDR
BsmI, TaqI, ApaI and Cdx2 on the risk of developing RA. However, haplotype
analysis indicated that the haplotypes ACGAG and GTGCA were associated
with higher risk of RA.
At what flow rate does the aortic valve gradient become severely elevated? Implications for guideline recommendations on aortic valve area cutoffs
Authors: Salahuddin Ayesha , Aronow Wilbert S. , Spevack Daniel M.
Published: March 2021

Introduction

Aortic stenosis (AS) is considered severe when the aortic valve area (AVA) is < 1.0 cm2 and the mean aortic valve gradient (mAVG) exceeds 40 mm Hg. Since many patients with AVA < 1.0 cm2 do not manifest an mAVG > 40 mm Hg, we sought to determine the AVA at which mAVG tends to exceed 40 mm Hg in a sample of subjects with varied transvalvular flow rates.

Material and methods

Our echocardiography database was queried for subjects with native valve AS. We selected 200 subjects with an AVA < 1.0 cm2. The sample was selected to include subjects with varied mean systolic flow (MSF) rates. Linear regression was performed to determine the relationship between MSF and mAVG. Since this relationship varied by AVA, the regression was stratified by AVA (critical < 0.6 cm2, severe 0.6–0.79 cm2, moderately severe 0.8–0.99 cm2).

Results

The study sample was 79 ±12 years old and was 60% female. The MSF rate at which mAVG tended to exceed 40 mm Hg was 120 ml/s for critical AVA, 183 ml/s for severe AVA and 257 ml/s for moderately severe AVA. Those with moderately severe AVA rarely (8%) had an mAVG > 40 mm Hg at a wide range of MSF. In contrast, those with severe AVA typically (75%) had mAVG > 40 mm Hg when MSF was normal (> 200 ml/s). Those with critical AVA frequently (44%) had mAVG > 40 mm Hg, even when MSF was reduced.

Conclusions

Subjects with AVA of 0.8 and 0.9 cm2 rarely had mAVG > 40 mm Hg, even when the transvalvular flow rate was normal. Using current guidelines, it is not clear if such cases should be classified as severe.
The challenges of androgen insensitivity syndrome
Authors: Ovidiu Bratu , Marcu Dragos , Mischianu Dan , Poiana Catalina , Diaconu Camelia , Bungau Simona , Tit Delia , Cumpanas Alin , Bohiltea Roxana
Published: March 2021

Androgen insensitivity syndrome (AIS) is an X-linked recessive genetic syndrome that occurs as result of an androgen receptor mutation; it affects the normal masculinization process in chromosomal male patients. More than 900 androgen receptor mutations that can lead to AIS have been identified. The complete androgen insensitivity is characterized by a total lack of response to androgens, usually in patients with 46XY karyotype but with feminine phenotype. Primary amenorrhoea and inguinal swellings in female patients are the main signs that could raise suspicion for this syndrome. Patients with partial androgen insensitivity have ambiguous genitalia at birth and gynecomastia during puberty, whereas those with mild androgen insensitivity present a normal male phenotype but altered spermatogenesis during adulthood and pubertal gynecomastia. The diagnosis of AIS often proves to be a challenge; its management is complex and requires a multidisciplinary approach to meet decision-making challenges in sex assignment, fertility and timing of gonadectomy, psychological outcomes and genetic counselling.
Gut microbiota and the pathophysiology of cardiovascular disease
Authors: Skok Pavel , Skok Kristijan
Published: March 2021

In recent years, significant findings with respect to the association of the gut microbiota and various human diseases have been discovered. The diversity can be explained by a multitude of interactions between intrinsic and environmental factors that are unique to each individual. This uniqueness of the microbiota may explain why some individuals are more prone to develop cardiovascular diseases. Gut dysbiosis plays a significant role in various pathophysiological processes. It can be postulated that health is linked to the homeostasis of the gastrointestinal microbiota. We provide an overview of diagnostic procedures to determine the microbiota’s composition, the mechanisms of microbiota interactions and some effects of the microbiota on the development of cardiovascular diseases.
Lipoprotein(a) in an adult sample from the Russian
population: distribution and association
with atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases
Authors: Ezhov Marat , Shalnova Svetlana , Elena B. Yarovaya Elena , Kutsenko Vladimir , Evstifeeva Svetlana , Metelskaya Victoria , Drapkina Oxana , Boytsov Sergey
Published: March 2021

Introduction

Lipoprotein(a) (Lp(a)) is recognized as an independent risk factor for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). The aim of this study
was to estimate the distribution of Lp(a) levels in working age adults from
the Russian population and to assess its association with ischemic heart
disease (IHD), myocardial infarction (MI), stroke, diabetes mellitus (DM), and
arterial hypertension (AH).

Material and methods

This substudy of the population-based study “Epidemiology of Cardiovascular Diseases and their Risk Factors in Some Regions
of the Russian Federation” (ESSE-RF) included 8461 subjects aged 25–64
years (63.7% women) without lipid-lowering drugs. Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease was self-reported. Lp(a), apolipoproteins AI and B, and lipid
and glucose levels in blood serum were determined.

Results

The prevalence of Lp(a) ≥ 30 mg/dl was 20.5% and 23.0%, and prevalence of Lp(a) ≥ 50 mg/dl was 13.3% and 15.2%, in men and women, respectively. An association of Lp(a) with IHD, MI, and AH, but not with stroke
and DM, was shown. A cut-off level of Lp(a) of 9 mg/dl was determined,
above which there was increased frequency of MI (by 59.2%, p = 0.02), IHD
(by 33.4%, p < 0.001), and AH (by 11.6%, p < 0.001). In the multivariate
analysis only the association of Lp(a) with IHD (1.19 (1.01–1.41), p = 0.038)
and MI (1.57 (1.06–2.38), p = 0.028) remained significant.

Conclusions

Lipoprotein(a) level ≥ 30 mg/dl was detected in every fifth
adult aged 25–64 years. Increased risk of MI and IHD starts at an Lp(a) serum level above 9 mg/dl.
Dihydromyricetin alleviates endothelial inflammatory response through IRE1α/NF-κB signaling pathway in sepsis
Authors: Wang Xifeng , Xu Xiaomin , Yang Yu peng , Xin Xin , Li Zekang , Wang Qimeng , Li Xiaoli , Hou Yun , Zhang Lianshuang
Published: March 2021

Introduction

The high mortality of sepsis is closely related to disorder of coagulation induced by endothelial inflammatory response. Our aim is to investigate the protective effects of Dihydromyricetin (DHM) on endothelial cells in sepsis and the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress mechanism.

Material and methods

In vivo, we conducted an animal study for which fifty male Wistar rats were randomly and equally divided into five groups: sham group, cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) group and three CLP+ DHM (50, 100, 150 mg/kg) groups, the DHM was orally administered 2 h after CLP for 3 days (once per day). In vitro, human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were treated with DHM (50μmol) for 24 h after stimulation by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). In the inhibition groups, reactive oxygen species (ROS) inhibitor N-acetylcysteine (NAC, 3 mmol) and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress inhibitor (STF-083010, 10 μmol) were incubated prior to LPS.

Results

Our results indicated that DHM (150 mg/kg) alleviated the histopathological injury of endothelium, decreased the release of inflammatory cytokines and adhesion molecules such as interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6) , tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM-1) and endothelin-1 (ET-1), and inhibited the production of ROS production. In addition, we found that DHM ameliorated ER damage, significantly decreased the protein expressions of IRE1α/NF-κB signaling pathway.

Conclusions

DHM treatment alleviated inflammatory response of endothelial cells in sepsis through the IRE1α/NF-κB signaling pathway triggered by oxidative stress. This study provided experimental rationale for the treatment of DHM on therapy of sepsis.
Clinical characteristics and outcome of 55 cases of hepatoblastoma relapses
Authors: Zhang Wei-ling , Hu Hui-min , Wang Yi-zhuo , Zhang Yi , Li Jing , Wen Yuan , Zhi Tian , Gao Ya-nan , Huang Dong-sheng
Published: March 2021

Introduction

This study aimed to analyse and summarize the clinical characteristics and prognosis of children with hepatoblastoma (HB) recurrence.

Material and methods

From January 2009 to June 2018, the clinical data of 55 children with HB, who had recurrence after complete remission (CR), were collected and analysed.

Results

Of the 55 patients, the median duration of follow-up was 65 months, the median interval from CR to the first recurrence was 3 months, and the event-free survival (EFS) times were 42.00 ±4.72 months. For sites of recurrence, 24 patients had lung recurrence only, 6 patients had liver recurrence only, 18 patients had recurrence in both the liver and lung, and 7 patients had recurrence in other sites of the body (6 cases of brain and 1 case of mediastinum). The overall 5-year survival rate of 55 cases was 47.4% and the 5-year disease-free survival rate was 37.3%. According to the treatment after recurrence, the patients were divided into the combined treatment group (chemotherapy combined with surgery, 41 cases) and the chemotherapy alone group (14 cases). The 3-year overall survival rates were 75.2% and 17.1%, respectively, with statistical difference 2 = 28.441, p < 0.001. The EFS time and the 3-year EFS rate of the 2 groups was 55.04 ±4.10 months vs. 32.63 ±4.34 months; 70% vs. 55.7%, with significant difference 2 = 3.328, p = 0.0068.

Conclusions

The prognosis of recurrent HB is poor. The main sites of recurrence were lung and liver. After recurrence, chemotherapy combined with surgery can improve prognosis, and complete remission can be achieved.
Circ-VPS13C enhances cisplatin resistance in ovarian cancer via modulating miR-106b-5p/YWHAZ axis
Authors: Yao Hairong , Liu Dantong , Gao Fangyuan , Li Qian , Liu Shikai
Published: March 2021

Introduction

Ovarian cancer (OC) is the malignant tumor with the highest mortality among gynecological cancers. Chemotherapy resistance is a major obstacle to OC therapy. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) play crucial roles in cancer development and chemoresistance. However, the role and potential mechanism of has-circ-001567 (circ-VPS13C) in chemoresistance of OC remain unknown.

Material and methods

The levels of circ-VPS13C, miR-106b-5p and 14-3-3 zeta (YWHAZ) were detected by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) or western blot assay. Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) assay was used to assess cell viability and calculate the half inhibition concentration (IC50) of cisplatin (DDP). The levels of autophagy-related markers were measured by western blot assay. Cell apoptosis and migration were evaluated by flow cytometry and transwell assay, respectively. The binding relationship between miR-106b-5p and circ-VPS13C or YWHAZ was confirmed by dual-luciferase reporter assay. Xenograft assay was performed to explore the role of circ-VPS13C in vivo.

Results

Circ-VPS13C and YWHAZ were up-regulated, while miR-106b-5p was down-regulated in DDP-resistant OC tissues and cells. Knockdown of circ-VPS13C enhanced DDP sensitivity by repressing autophagy in DDP-resistant cells. Circ-VPS13C increased DDP resistance via sponging miR-106b-5p. Moreover, miR-106b-5p directly targeted YWHAZ. Up-regulation of YWHAZ alleviated the decrease in DDP resistance caused by circ-VPS13C depletion. In addition, circ-VPS13C silencing decreased DDP resistance in vivo.

Conclusions

Circ-VPS13C knockdown enhanced DDP sensitivity of OC through modulation of autophagy via the miR-106b-5p/YWHAZ axis, providing a new biomarker for improving the efficacy of OC chemotherapy.
Integrated analysis of microbiota with bile acids for
the phototherapy treatment of neonatal jaundice
Authors: Zhang Kun , Fan Sainan , Lv Anping , Ma Yanan , Fang Xiaohui , Zhang Jinping
Published: March 2021

Introduction

Infant jaundice is a common condition which results from a high concentration of serum bilirubin. Phototherapy is a widely used treatment for bilirubin clearance. We analyzed the effect of phototherapy on intestinal flora and metabolism of newborns. The aim was to assess the benefit of treatment for hyperbilirubinemia with phototherapy.

Material and methods

Fifty-three jaundiced infants hospitalized at our neonatal intensive care unit were treated with phototherapy. Of them, 29 were prescribed antibiotics during the hospitalization. Fecal samples were collected before and 24 h and 48 h after phototherapy. The bacterial species and relative abundance were identified with Macrogene sequencing. The bile acids in feces were identified using liquid chromatography-mass spectroscopy (LC-MS).

Results

Differential microbial species/genera and secondary bile acids were found after phototherapy. There are significant differences in the changes of the microbial species/genera between infants who did not receive antibiotic treatment and those who were given antibiotic treatment. Secondary bile acids were also significantly altered. At the same time, the differential microbial species/genera and the differential secondary bile acids interacted with each other.

Conclusions

This study identified several differential intestinal microbial species and secondary bile acids in fecal samples from infants with jaundice before and after phototherapy. Phototherapy can change the flora and its metabolism and its long-term impact needs further observation.
lncRNA ANRIL play an important role in renal injury induced by diabetes
Authors: Jiang Xiaoming , Su Nan , Ding Jiao , Jiang Juean , Yu Liqiang , Xie Yan
Published: March 2021

Introduction

The aim of this study was to discuss the effects and mechanisms of lncRNA in renal injury induced by diabetes by vivo and vitro study.

Material and methods

Collecting healthy and DN patients, and measuring lncRNA ANRIL expression by RT-qPCR assay in serum. Measuring the ANRIL expression in normal, 10d and 20d model rats in kidney. Measuring LDH, MDA, SOD, IL-6 and TNF-α concentration by Elisa assay, evaluating the kidney pathology by HE staining, cell apoptosis by TUNEL assay, relative proteins expression by IHC assay and relative mRNA expression by RT-qPCR assay. In the cell experiment, Measuring LDH, MDA, SOD, IL-6 and TNF-α concentration by Elisa assay, measuring the cell proliferation by CCK-8, cell apoptosis by flow cytometry, relative mRNA and proteins expression by RT-qPCR and WB assay. The NF-κB(p65) nuclear volume of difference groups were evaluated by cell immunofluorescence.

Results

Compared with healthy people, lncRNA ANRIL was significantly increased in DN patients. Compared with sham group, the ANRIL expression, LDH, MDA, IL-6 and TNF-α concentration was significantly increased, SOD concentrations and cell apoptosis rate were significantly depressed with day increasing. TLR4, MyD88 and NF-κB(p65) mRNA and proteins expressions were significantly up-regulation.

Conclusions

lncRNA ANRIL knockdown had effects to improve renal injury induced by diabetes via regulation TLR4/NF-κB(p65).
Virtual reality versus Biodex training in adolescents with chronic ankle instability: a randomized
controlled trial
Authors: Shousha Tamer M. , Abo-zaid Nehad A. , Hamada Hamada , Abdelhamid Abdelsamee Mohamed Y. , Behiry Mohamed A.
Published: March 2021

Introduction

Ankle instability is a common injury in athletes, affecting the quality of life, functional limitation, as well as static and dynamic balance. The aim of the study was to compare the efficacy of virtual reality and Biodex balance training in the treatment of ankle instability in adolescent athletes.

Material and methods

Ninety football players were enrolled in this study after the assessment of their eligibility. Their age ranged from 12 to 16 years. They were randomly allocated to three groups of equal numbers. Group 1 received a guideline protocol, group 2 received the same guideline protocol in addition to Wii Sport Training, and group 3 received the same guideline protocol in addition to Biodex balance training. All groups received treatment protocols three times a week for 3 months. Outcome measures included the stability indices (overall stability, anteroposterior stability, and mediolateral) measured by the Biodex Balance System as well as ankle instability measured by the Cumberland Ankle Instability Tool. Measurements were collected at the baseline and after 3 months of treatment.

Results

Post-treatment findings revealed a statistically significant decrease in the overall, anteroposterior, and mediolateral stability indices, as well as significant increase in Cumberland Ankle Instability outcomes of all groups (p < 0.05). On the other hand, there were no statistically significant differences between the virtual reality and Biodex balance training groups.

Conclusions

Virtual reality training has a significant effect which appears to be similar to the Biodex balance training in adolescent athletes with chronic ankle instability.
PDGFRB knockdown rescues the efficacy of chemotherapy in metastatic gastric cancer patients
Authors: Tian Yang , Song Wei , Yang Shuping , Chen Zheng , Li Ming , Zhang Yan , Li Yanqing
Published: March 2021

Introduction

This study aimed to investigate the effect of PDGFRB on the efficacy of neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) in metastatic gastric cancer (MGC).

Material and methods

The data from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) were analyzed to screen differentially expressed genes (DEGs). PDGFRB expression in cells were assessed by qRT-PCR and immunohistochemistry. Transwell, MTT and colony form assays were applied to determine the abilities of cell migration, cell invasion and cell proliferation. The association of core gene and PI3K/AKT pathway were identified through STRING database and western blot detection. Differences in overall survival (OS) among different patients were analyzed through Kaplan-Meier survival curve and prognostic factors were analyzed by Cox regression.

Results

High expression of PDGFRB and were found in gastric cancer through GEO data and MGC patients with combination chemotherapy resistance of docetaxel, cisplatin and S-1 (DCS therapy). Furthermore, the down-regulation of PDGFRB by PDGFRB shRNA or sunitinib malate could decrease cell migration, cell invasion and cell proliferation in resistant cells. Those findings were verified by in vivo experiments. Meanwhile, PDGFRB overexpression was accompany with the activation of PI3K/AKT pathway. In addition, the OS of patients in highly expressed PDGERB group were lower than that in lowly PDGFRB expressed group and PDGFRB, TNM staging and differentiation degree were the prognostic factors for MGC patients.

Conclusions

PDGFRB knockdown could rescue the efficacy of chemotherapy in MGC and PDGFRB could serve as a novel marker for the prognosis of MGC.
MANEJO DE INFECÇÃO POR TOXOPLASMOSE NO SISTEMA NERVOSO CENTRAL DE PACIENTES HIV POSITIVO
Authors: De Azevedo Saulo Bueno , da Silva Gean Scherer , Hammacher Gabriela Kohl , Rengel Natália Gonçalves
Published: March 2021

Introdução: A avaliação e manejo de pacientes HIV positivos com mudança de estado mental ou exame neurológico anormal é um desafio. É comum haver lesões em exames de imagem que dependendo do tamanho e localização são emergências médicas. O fator mais importante para determinar um diagnóstico dentre outros é a o grau de imunossupressão – contagens menores que 200 CD4/microL há grande chance de infecção oportunística ou tumores derivados da Síndrome da Imunodeficiência Adquirida (SIDA). Objetivo: Analisar como é o manejo de infecção por toxoplasmose no sistema nervoso central de pacientes HIV positivo. Material e métodos: Esse trabalho é uma revisão de literatura sobre o manejo da neuroinfecção por toxoplasmose em pacientes sidéticos. Pesquisou-se no SCIELO e PUBMED os descritores: “toxoplasmose, SIDA, manejo, tratamento, sistema nervoso central” suas combinações e variantes em inglês. Resultados: Há, segundo a literatura, formas diferentes de manejo a depender da contagem de células CD4. O ideal seria a correta investigação da condição que está levando o paciente a ter os sintomas conduzida pelos exames de imagem – tomografia computadorizada e ressonância nuclear magnética com dois tempos de contraste – feitos no início do cuidado médico, que devem evidenciar lesões nodulares com ou sem edema no parênquima cerebral. Após a identificação das lesões do parênquima cerebral, deveria ser feita punção liquórica para análise das características laboratoriais e PCR do líquor em busca do agente patológico gerador da moléstia, para posterior tratamento. Há, entretanto, outra metodologia terapêutica que visa o tratamento empírico para toxoplasmose logo após a identificação das lesões cerebrais devido à alta incidência de neuroinfecção no público sidético. Nessa modalidade, depois da visualização das lesões e início do tratamento, prossegue-se com a investigação diagnóstica. O tratamento é feito com sulfadiazina e pirimetamina por 10 a 14 dias. Conclusão: Tendo em vista o proposto, torna-se evidente que o fator mais importante para fazer diagnóstico e tratamento precoces – fundamentais para bons resultados – é saber a contagem de CD4, norteador de todo o esquema de manejo.
EFEITOS DA PANDEMIA EM RELAÇÃO AOS NÚMEROS DE CASO DE DENGUE NO ESTADO DE SÃO PAULO E NO MUNICÍPIO DE JAÚ
Authors: Furtado João Lucas Contador , da Silveira Rita de Cássia Viveiros
Published: March 2021

Introdução: A dengue é uma arbovirose que ocorre em áreas tropicais e subtropicais e é transmitida pela picada do mosquito Aedes aegypti. O vírus da dengue pertence à família Flaviviridae e apresenta manifestações clínicas variadas, como náuseas ou vômitos, cefaleias, febre entre 39 e 40ºC, mialgias, equimoses na pele, sangramento gengival e ou intensa dor abdominal. Objetivo: Este trabalho tem como objetivo realizar uma análise comparativa e descritiva de números de casos de dengue no Brasil, no estado de São Paulo e no município de Jaú anterior e durante à pandemia de COVID 19 no Brasil. Material e métodos: Este é um estudo descritivo, onde foram utilizados dados de Boletins Epidemiológicos da Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde – Ministério da Saúde dos anos de 2019 e 2020; Centro de Vigilância Epidemiológica ´´Prof. Alexandre Vranjac``, Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação – SINAN. Resultados: Segundo o Boletim Epidemiológico 02, de janeiro de 2020, os números de casos de dengue em 2019 no Brasil, contabilizaram 1.544.987 casos prováveis, isto é, os casos notificados exceto os descartados. Ao comparar esses dados com o Boletim Epidemiológico 51, de dezembro de 2020 (979.764 casos prováveis) nota-se uma redução de aproximadamente 63,41 %. Além disso, observou-se reduções à nível estadual e municipal. No estado de São Paulo, segundo dados do SINAN, em 2019, foram notificados 718.314 casos da doença, dos quais, 400.856 foram confirmados, já no ano de, 2020, o estado registrou uma queda de cerca de 55,8 % no número de casos confirmados, sendo 384.815 casos notificados, dos quais 185.849 foram confirmados. A queda desses agravos também ocorreu no município de Jaú, em 2019 foram registrados 1876 casos confirmados, e no ano de 2020 esses números reduziram em 48,45 % (909 casos). Conclusão: Diante disso, acredita- se que essa redução nos números de casos de dengue pode estar relacionada ao efeito da pandemia de COVID19, visto que, muitos indivíduos, com receio de se infectarem, deixaram de buscar atendimento nas unidades básicas de saúde, o que pode ter gerado a subnotificação desses casos, conforme também sinaliza os dados do Ministério da Saúde.
ENFRENTAMENTO DO SURTO DE TOXOPLASMOSE EM SANTA MARIA/RS NO ANO DE 2018
Authors: Dalmonte Luciano Castilho
Published: March 2021

Introdução: Toxoplasmose é uma infecção com ampla variedade de síndromes clínicas, causadas pelo protozoário Toxoplasma gondii um parasita intracelular obrigatório. No ano de 2018, houve um surto desta patologia na cidade de Santa Maria/RS. O surto foi considerado o maior já ocorrido no mundo, ultrapassando 1.500 casos confirmados na data de 30/06/2018, de acordo com o Centro Estadual de Vigilância em Saúde do Rio Grande de Sul. Objetivo: Identificar as ações promovidas pelos Órgãos Públicos para o enfrentamento do surto de toxoplasmose que acomenteu a cidade de Santa Maria/RS no ano de 2018. Material e métodos: Realizou-se uma pesquisa qualitativa documental e bibliográfica em repositórios digitais de Órgãos de Saúde Pública das esferas estadual e municipal no primeiro trimestre de 2021 para elaboração deste estudo descritivo. Resultados: Foi encontrada a Nota Técnica 01/2018, com título de “Orientações para a organização do cuidado na Rede de Atenção à Saúde referente ao surto de Toxoplasmose em Santa Maria/RS” , em que orientava-se a população e os profissionais da saúde a agir diante do enfrentamento do surto ocorrido na cidade, como técnicas de higienização, identificação de sintomas da doença, que podem surgir 5 a 23 dias depois da infecção, formas de proceder para buscar auxílio médico em caso de suspeita da doença, dentre outras orientações primordiais para o enfrentamento da doença pela população e pelas equipes de saúde da cidade. O cuidado foi ainda mais intensivo com as gestantes, grupo de maior risco da doença, o que também pode ser observado na nota técnica. Conclusão: Desse modo, evidencia-se a importância de normas técnicas que orientem a população e as equipes de saúde a agir diante de surtos como o ocorrido em Santa Maria, e dessa forma pode-se observar que o poder público agiu prontamente neste papel de informação e capacitação da população e equipes de saúde.
NA DOENÇA DE CHAGAS CRÔNICA, MIOCÁRDIO E MUSCULATURA LINGUAL APRESENTAM ALTERAÇÕES MORFOLÓGICAS E IMUNOHISTOQUÍMICAS SIMILARES
Authors: Reis Cleisla Caroline Maria , Porto Carla de Souza , Olegario Janainna Grazielle Pacheco , Abdalla Douglas Reis , Pereira Sanívia Aparecida de Lima
Published: March 2021

Introdução: Sabemos que na doença de Chagas (DC) existe resposta inflamatória com o envolvimento de várias citocinas. Nosso grupo demonstrou, em estudos anteriores, que existem alterações microscópicas nas línguas dos chagásicos, no entanto não existe nenhum estudo associando as alterações macroscópicas de língua e coração na DC. Objetivo: Avaliar e comparar a intensidade do infiltrado inflamatório, área de células musculares, densidade microvascular (DMV) e expressão de IL-1, TGF-β1 e IL-10 no miocárdio e musculatura lingual entre indivíduos chagásicos e não chagásicos. Material e Métodos: Fragmentos de miocárdio e de músculo lingual de indivíduos chagásicos crônicos (n = 18) e de não chagásicos (n = 24) autopsiados foram processados histologicamente. Foi realizada avaliação quantitativa da DMV através da imunomarcação pelo CD31 e realizada a quantificação das células imunomarcadas por IL-1, IL-10 e TGF-β1 no miocárdio e na musculatura lingual. Resultados: Houve maior intensidade de inflamação e maior área de células musculares no miocárdio e na língua dos chagásicos comparados aos não chagásicos (p <0,0001). Nos chagásicos, houve correlação positiva e significativa: em relação à DMV entre a musculatura lingual e o miocárdio (p = 0,049); entre a área das células do músculo cardíaco e a densidade de leucócitos que expressam TGF-β1 (p = 0,049). Houve também correlação positiva entre miocárdio e musculatura lingual com relação à imunomarcação pela IL-10 (p = 0,029). Conclusão: A correlação positiva e significativa entre a densidade de leucócitos imunomarcados pelo anti-TGF-β1 e hipertrofia no miocárdio sugere a participação desta citocina na hipertrofia do músculo cardíaco. Além disso, nos chagásicos, a hipertrofia muscular concomitante entre miocárdio e músculo lingual, e a expressão concomitante de CD31 e IL-10 entre o miocárdio e a musculatura lingual sugere que a avaliação da musculatura estriada esquelética da língua possa refletir alterações similares no miocárdio. Porém, são necessários novos estudos para verificar em outras fases da doença, se o parasita se instala na língua ou se os mecanismos são reflexos de mudanças sistêmicas no nível de resposta imune.
PREVALÊNCIA E FATORES DE RISCO ASSOCIADOS À INFECÇÃO POR ENTEROPARASITOSES NAS CRECHES E ESCOLAS DO BRASIL: UMA REVISÃO BIBLIOGRÁFICA
Authors: Costa João Victor Barreto , Silva-Filho José Marques da , Sudré Adriana Pittella
Published: March 2021

Introdução: Diante do cenário atual, as enteroparasitoses ainda constituem um problema de saúde coletiva devido a sua alta prevalência e morbidade na população mundial, principalmente na infantil. Objetivo: Identificar a prevalência e os fatores de risco que conduzem ao acometimento de parasitoses intestinais em crianças de 0 a 12 anos no Brasil. Material e métodos: Realizou-se um estudo qualitativo e exploratório de caráter bibliográfico, sendo a coleta realizada nas bases de dados Google Acadêmico, LILACS, PubMed e SciELO. Os descritores utilizados foram “prevalence”, “enteroparasites” e “Brazil”, tendo como critério de inclusão artigos completos, publicados nos idiomas inglês ou português e que constituíssem estudos de investigação de enteroparasitoses nas creches ou escolas brasileiras. Resultados: De acordo com os dezesseis estudos selecionados, evidenciou-se, nas cinco regiões do país, uma prevalência dos helmintos Ascaris lumbricoides, Enterobius vermicularis e Trichuris trichiura em que as taxas variaram de 0,1% a 55%, 0.9% a 10,04% e 0,4% a 13,25%, respectivamente. Entre os protozoários patogênicos prevaleceram Giardia duodenalis (4,2% a 50,50%) e Entamoeba histolytica (0,3% a 22,23%), além de ser relatado casos de infecção por parasitos comensais, como Entamoeba coli (0,06% a 38%) e Endolimax nana (2% a 27%). Em relação ao sexo, houve uma predominância do gênero masculino, justificada pelos hábitos cotidianos e pelo aumento da exposição durante as atividades de lazer. Os principais fatores associados a essa prevalência incluem um ambiente coletivo e fechado, as precárias condições sanitárias, habitacionais e socioeconômicas, os hábitos inadequados de higiene e a falta de instrução educacional em saúde, além da imaturidade imunológica da faixa etária considerada. Conclusão: A grande variação nos índices de enteroparasitoses observados, bem como o conhecimento dos fatores de risco que influenciam nesta maior prevalência, mostram a necessidade de programas governamentais que visem uma maior equidade nas políticas públicas de promoção e prevenção à saúde e investimentos em saneamento básico, focando em melhorias sanitárias, econômicas e de moradia, com a finalidade de aprimorar a educação em saúde e a qualidade de vida da população brasileira.
A INFLUÊNCIA DAS PARASITOSES INTESTINAIS SOBRE A SUPRESSÃO DA RESPOSTA PRÓ-INFLAMATÓRIA EM PACIENTES COM ARTRITE REUMATOIDE.
Authors: Lazzarotto Eduardo Luís , Gobi Felipe Rhuan , da Silva Kawan Gabriel , D'Agostini Fernanda Mauer
Published: March 2021

Introdução: A artrite reumatoide (AR) é uma doença autoimune de caráter inflamatório e crônico caracterizada por uma sinovite crônica e simétrica, que leva a erosão do osso e cartilagem. Objetivo: Relacionar a resposta inflamatória de AR e a influência das parasitoses intestinais. Metodologia: Revisão bibliográfica de artigos disponibilizados nas plataformas Scielo, Pubmed e Scientific Research Publising, nas línguas portuguesa e inglesa, datados entre 2008 a 2019, com os seguintes descritores: artrite reumatoide parasitoses intestinais, enteroparasitoses pacientes com AR, influência das parasitoses intestinais em pacientes com AR. Resultados: A membrana sinovial é considerada o tecido no qual se inicia e se mantém o processo inflamatório na AR. Atualmente, a causa de AR é a desregulação da produção de interleucina (IL)‐ 17, responsável pela ativação das células T e B, bem como dos macrófagos, que liberam citocinas como IL‐ 1 , IL‐ 6 e fator de necrose tumoral (TNF‐ α). Estudos indicam que helmintos podem modular a resposta imune proporcionando um ambiente anti-inflamatório que ajude sua sobrevivência no hospedeiro, anulando respostas imunes pró-inflamatórias, suprimem respostas dos linfócitos Th-1 e Th-17, além de estimular o desenvolvimento de respostas dos linfócitos Th-2, importantes nas doenças reumáticas autoimunes, como AR, pois a infecção de helmintos contribui para o alívio dos sintomas. Estudos indicam que Schistosoma mansoni, Schistosoma japonicum, Ascaris suum, Heligmosomoides polygyrus bakeri e Hymenolepsis diminuta são parasitas que possuem efeito protetor no processo inflamatório são. Um estudo, o qual fez uso de administração de um extrato de Ascaris suum na artrite experimental induzida por colágeno e por zimosan em ratos e camundongos, assinalou melhoria clínica e estrutural nas duas tipologias, reduzindo a liberação de mediadores inflamatórios como o NO, IL-1 β e IL-10. O efeito benéfico ocorreu a nível funcional e estrutural, abrangendo hiperalgesia articular, redução de danos da cartilagem articular, prevenção da perda de glicosaminoglicanos e revogação da sinovite crônica com redução de macrófagos e linfócitos. Conclusão: A produção de um ambiente imunologicamente controlado como resultado da infecção por helmintos pode diminuir a severidade de uma doença reumática simultânea. Helmintos influenciam beneficamente na resposta inflamatória, podendo auxiliar no tratamento de doenças autoimunes como a AR.