bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A STUDY ON VISUAL PROGNOSIS IN LENS INDUCED GLAUCOMAAFTER MEDICAL & SURGICAL MANAGEMENT.
Authors: Dharmayat Rajashekar , Pujari Nanda , Abdul Aziz Shaik , Sharanabasamma Sharanabasamma
Published: January 2022

OBJECTIVE:To assess the visual prognosis in lens induced glaucoma after medical & surgical management.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: This is a prospective study on patients with LIG attending OPD in department of Ophthalmology at Navodaya
medical college hospital and Research centre & willing to participate this study.
RESULTS:In all the 100 cases of LIG included in the study, the lens was removed & depending upon the condition IOLwas implanted. Majority of
the patients were having IOPin the range 31-50mmHg (64%), post-operative IOPreduced to normal in most of the cases.
As the duration of attack increases the best corrected V/Adecreases. In present study when duration of attack <10 days, 90% showed best corrected
V/Abetter than 6/60 but in cases with longer than >10 days, 40% showed V/Abetter than 6/60.
CONCLUSION: Despite high IOP at the initial presentation in cases of LIG, IOP came down to normal limits after lens extraction. The results of
LIG in response to visual recovery & IOPcontrol are quite satisfactory & encouraging.
IMPACT OF COVID-19 PANDEMIC ON THE QUALITY OF LIFE OF MEDICALUNDERGRADUATES AND THE PREVALENCE OF ANXIETY DISORDER AMONG THEM
Authors: Lakshmi Vijaya
Published: January 2022

BACKGROUND: The world is facing a public health emergency situation caused by the COVID-19 pandemic since January 2020. Psychological wellbeing among individuals worldwide has been negatively affected by the pandemic. The Quality of life is a broad concept to assess and evaluate the person's physical health, psychological state, social relationships and personal beliefs. The present study aimed to assess the Quality of life as well as anxiety disorder and its associations with COVID-19 preventive practice measures, daily activities in home quarantine amongst the backbone of our society, that is the medical undergraduate students. METHODS: An online-based cross-sectional survey was carried out on the medical undergraduates from a medical college in North India. Students self-reported their QoL using the World Health Organization Quality of Life-BREF (WHOQOL-BREF) and the Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD-7) tools. The survey also included socio-demographics and COVID-19-related questions. RESULTS: Anxiety was prevalent among medical students. 32% of the medical undergraduate students were experiencing severe anxiety, 51% moderate anxiety, and 11% mild anxiety. On the other hand, 13.9% participants reported with very poor quality of life whereas 51% mentioned neither very good nor very bad quality of life. CONCLUSIONS: It was found that during the current pandemic crisis medical students were weaker in the psychological domain of Quality of Life. It is recommended that measures To ght against the pandemic, mental as well as physical health issues need to be taken into consideration. need be taken not only to alleviate students' stress and anxiety, but also improve the quality of life which might otherwise have deleterious effects on student's overall performance.
Transactive Control of Air-Conditioning Systems in Buildings for participation in Singapore’s Demand Response Market
Authors: Chandra Rohit , Radhakrishnan Krishnanand Kaippilly , Panda Sanjib Kumar
Published: January 2022

Air-conditioning and mechanical ventilation (ACMV) systems account for major electrical demand within buildings. These systems have large thermal time constant and can be utilized as thermal energy storage. This paper is focused on participation of commercial buildings in Singapore’s Demand Response (DR) programme by adjusting electricity demand of ACMV systems for financial incentive and power grid benefits. A novel Transactive Energy-based virtual market is proposed for a building where multiple zone agents transact to purchase conditioned-air from central ACMV system. These zone agents consider forecasts of occupancy and outdoor temperatures to submit bids for conditioned-air corresponding to increasing electricity market prices, using a novel dynamic programming (DP) approach to utilize the temporal flexibility in cooling demand through pre-cooling. ACMV electricity demand bid is calculated based on net conditioned-air bids by using existing accurate building models in whole-building energy modeling (BEM) platforms corresponding to increasing electricity prices for submission to Singapore’s DR market. Case studies are performed in MATLAB-EnergyPlus co-simulation environment on a benchmark five zone building model. Results show that the proposed control is effective in providing DR according to real Singapore market price signals while respecting occupants’ thermal comfort preferences and incentive from DR market participation can be lucrative.
Влияние термо-циклирования на прочность оксид-молибденовых композитов
Authors: Петрова О. В. , Петухов И. Д.
Published: January 2022

Исследовано влияние термоциклирования от 1100 до 1400°C на свойства композитов с оксидными волокнами различных составов: YAM-YAP, эвтектика Al2O3-YAG, YAM-YAG, муллит-ZrO2. В качестве матрицы используются молибден, а также сплав MoMo5SiB2-Mo3Si. Образцы получены методом внутренней кристаллизации. Показано, что влияние термоциклирования зависит от материала волокна. В частности, у образцов с волокнами YAM-YAP, муллит-ZrO2, эвтектика Al2O3-YAG величина прочности после термо-циклирования не снижается. Однако композиты с волокнами YAM-YAG показали падение прочности после 50 циклов. Настоящая работа является первой в серии экспериментов с целью исследования влияния термоциклирования на свойства композитов с оксидными волокнами и металлической матрицей.
A Saúde dos Trabalhadores nas Estradas- Dados da Extensão em Goiás
Authors: Suzano André Alves Sena , Ribeiro Leila Batista , Freitas Dayane Amaral Marques de , Ferreira Ana Luísa Sousa , Silva Rodrigo Gonçalves , Souza Isabela Cristina Rocha de , Ferreira Marcus Vinícius Ribeiro , Ferreira Edvâne Nascimento
Published: January 2022

Objetivo: discorrer sobre a execução do projeto, bem como apresentar parte dos dados obtidos por meio da ação comunitária desenvolvida no Estado de Goiás em 2021, denominada: Projeto Saúde na Estrada. Método: trata-se de um estudo descritivo, tipo relato de experiência originado em um projeto de extensão, cujos dados coletados foram de aproximadamente 2277 participantes. Resultados: Os resultados deste estudo trouxeram a necessidade profunda de mudanças organizacionais, de logística e até na gestão dos serviços de saúde. Apresentaram um número significativo de pessoas que dirigem na estrada, em condições pouco saudáveis. Conclusão: É necessário que sejam fomentados projetos e pesquisas da parte do poder público para esses trabalhadores, que possuem pouco ou nenhum tempo para procurar uma unidade básica de saúde ou um hospital público por onde passam. As políticas de saúde hoje desenvolvidas no âmbito da promoção da saúde e da prevenção de doenças, ainda estão muito limitadas a um local, de comodidade para os que nele trabalham. A mentalidade do trabalho dentro da instituição faz parte de um processo cultural difícil de ser quebrado.
Descritores: Saúde do Trabalhador; Saúde Comunitária, Vigilância em Saúde do Trabalhador.
The assortment of small-flowered chrysanthemum promising for landscaping the Southern Coast of the Crimea and the Russian South
Authors: Zolotareva A. G. , Plugatar S. A. , Andryushenkova Z. P.
Published: January 2022

Numerous collections of flower plants are collected in the Nikitsky (Nikita) Botanical Gardens - National Scientific Center (NBG - NSC). Among them, a special place belongs to the garden chrysanthemum ( Chrysanthemum × morifolium (Ramat.) Hemsl.), since its quantitative and qualitative composition has no analogues in the territory of the Russian Federation. Currently, the collection includes 529 cultivars and forms of domestic and foreign breeding, of which 350 cultivars and forms belong to the small-flowered garden group. The article considers the studied and selected promising assortment of small-flowered chrysanthemum for landscaping the Southern Coast of the Crimea and the Russian South, which for successful implementation in urban landscaping is divided into groups according to the timing of flowering, the height of flowering shoots, color and types of inflorescences.
Sistem Monitoring Kebocoran Pipa Distribusi Air Berbasis SCADA
Authors: Sundana Tubagus , Aditya Johari Farchan , Al Ariiq Fathan
Published: January 2022

Kebocoran pipa jaringan distribusi air masih sering terjadi dan dapat mengakibatkan kerugian yang cukup besar bagi semua pihak yang terlibat, baik itu penyalur maupun konsumen. Maka dari itu, penanganan terhadap kebocoran pipa ini perlu cepat dilakukan. Metode yang digunakan sekarang umumnya masih bersifat manual, yaitu dengan mengecek langsung ke lokasi serta berdasarkan laporan masyarakat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membuat suatu sistem yang dapat memantau kondisi debit air serta melokalisir letak kebocoran dari suatu pipa jaringan distribusi air dengan memantaunya pada suatu HMI (Human Machine Interface) SCADA, sehingga kebocoran dapat dideteksi lebih dini. Prinsip pendeteksian kebocoran didasarkan pada teori kontinuitas, dimana debit air saluran masuk harus sama dengan saluran keluar. Dengan menggunakan dua buah sensor flow meter, debit air pada dua titik akan diukur dan jika terdapat perbedaan debit air yang signifikan, maka dapat dipastikan ada kebocoran di antara dua titik tersebut. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sistem berhasil melokalisir letak kebocoran dan memberi peringatan berupa alarm pada HMI. Alarm memiliki 3 level, yaitu Normal, Warning, dan Danger direpresentasikan dengan indikator warna hijau, kuning dan merah. Pendeteksian kebocoran berhasil dilakukan pada setiap lokasi dengan menghitung nilai deviasi antara dua titik pengukuran. Pada penelitian ini didapat untuk kondisi Warning, deviasi > 7% dan <=10%, sedangkan untuk kondisi Danger, deviasi>10%.
Evaluation of potato varieties and hybrids on the resistance against black scab under conditions of Ukraine’s Polissia
Authors: Polozhenets V. , Nemerytska L. , Zhuravska I.
Published: January 2022

Goal. Assess potato varieties and hybrids for resistance against rhizoctonia disease and identify highly resistant varieties.

Methods. The fundamental principle of the existing methodology for evaluating varieties is to test varieties, hybrids and species of potatoes on natural or artificial infectious backgrounds using a pure culture of the fungus Rhizoctonia solani Kuhn. The culture grown in Petri dishes was introduced when the tubers were planted in the soil. The assessment of the degree of damage to tubers and stems was carried out according to the damage to the underground organs of plants, the yield of potatoes, and then the level of variety samples was determined by resistance to the disease. Evaluation of potato varieties and hybrids for resistance against the causative agent of the disease Rhizoctonia solani Kuhn was carried out on a nine-point scale, where score 9 — no damage to stems and tubers, 7 — disease development up to 10% (high resistance); 5 — disease progression 11—25% (medium resistance); score 3 — disease progression 26—50% (low resistance).

Results. Based on the test of potato varieties and hybrids for resistance against rhizoctonia, Dubravka, Vesta, Lugovska, Obriy, Serpanok, Yavir, Scarbnytsia, Tyras and hybrids P.207.407 (Zov × Polisska Rozheva), 205.17-24 (Adretta × 23-16s/73) and others; to medium-resistant (5 points) — Chervona Ruta, Povin, Vodogray, Horlytsia, Zov, Cupava, Nadiyna, Belarossa, Olvia, Svitanok Kyivskyi, Ukrainska Rozheva, Beregynia, Charunka, Okolytsia, Slutch, hybrids P.210.14-23 (Adretta × Posvit), 211.20-31 (Prolisok × Lugovska); to susceptible — 51, or 32.9% of the tested varieties.

Conclusions. We have proved that mid-early ripening and early ripening cultivars as well as selection hybrids are more infected with black scab than mid-ripening, mid-late ripening and late ripening cultivars. These relatively resistant potato cultivars and hybrids are expedient to use in the selection on the resistance against black scab.
Prediction on Flexural strength of High Strength Hybrid Fiber Self Compacting Concrete by using Artificial Intelligence
Authors: Kumar Boppana Narendra , Kumar Pariyada Pradeep
Published: January 2022

The primitive focus of this research work is about the artificial intelligence methods engaged for creating an outlook for flexural strength of High Strength Hybrid Fiber Self Compacted Concrete (HSHFSCC), which is considered to be a special concrete in order to tackle both workability and durability without disturbing the strength of the concrete. It possesses not only the good deformability during fresh state but also put forward high aversion to segregation resulting in superior homogeneity and increase in productivity by altering the period of construction. While incorporating various fibers like glass, steel, carbon, synthetic, and quartz powder in plain concrete, directs in the enhancement of post-cracking, toughness, ductility and limits the detrimental effect of shrinkage. The current work is classified into two stages. 1) Development of HSHFSCC and High Strength Self Compacting Concrete (HSSCC). 2) Engaging different Machine Learning (ML) models to divide the obtained information into Train, Test and Validation followed by 19 types of different ML regression models accompanied with Artificial Neural Network for engaging the function to appropriate the flexural strength of HSHFSCC and HSSCC. The boundary conditions discussed as input includes Setting time, percentage of quartz and river sand. Total 25 number of datasets are used for 5-fold cross validations by adopting MATLAB ML and Deep learning toolkit and Python is adopted to validate the optimized models. The evaluation factors like R-square and Root mean square show a great level of accuracy and reliability of the model.
РОЛЬ АХМАТА-ХАДЖИ КАДЫРОВА В ВОССТАНОВЛЕНИИ ДОПОЛНИТЕЛЬНОГО ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ ДЕТЕЙ В ЧЕЧЕНСКОЙ РЕСПУБЛИКЕ
Authors: Юсупова Х.М.
Published: January 2022

В данной статье большое внимание уделяется роли Ахмата-Хаджи Кадырова в возрождении образования в Чеченской Республике, рассматриваются вопросы восстановления и развития дополнительного образования детей, а также представлена структура и основные направления деятельности учреждений дополнительного образования. Дана характеристика состояния дополнительного образования детей в Чеченской Республике в конце XX - в нач. XXI вв.
SHA512 and MD5 Algorithm Vulnerability Testing Using Common Vulnerability Scoring System (CVSS)
Authors: Basya Fahmi , Hardjanto Mardi , Permana Putra Ikbal
Published: January 2022

This paper discusses the comparison of the results of testing the OTP (One Time Password) algorithm on two encryptions, namely SHA512 and MD5 which are applied to the Reconciliation Application of the Dinas Pemberdayaan Masyarakat dan Desa Kabupaten Sukabumi. This study uses the Vulnerability Assessment and Penetration Testing (VAPT) method, which combines two forms of vulnerability testing to achieve a much more complete vulnerability analysis by performing different tasks in the same focus area. The vulnerability assessment uses the Common Vulnerability Scoring System (CVSS) method. The results showed that the Vulnerability Assessment and Penetration Testing (VAPT) method was proven to be able to identify the level of security vulnerability in the Reconciliation Application at the Dinas Pemberdayaan Masyarakat dan Desa Kabupaten Sukabumi with a vulnerability level score of 5.3 in the SHA512 environment with a medium rating and 7.5 in the MD5 environment. with high ratings. So, it can be concluded that the best algorithm for implementing OTP is SHA512
Pengembangan Literasi Sekolah melalui Pelatihan Menulis Cerita
Authors: Primasari Yusniarsi , Sari Hesty Puspita , Fauzi Adin
Published: January 2022

Abstract.  Referring to the result of Indonesia National Assessment Programme in 2017, the literacy (reading and writing skills) of elementary school students were still low, that is, only 46.83%. This condition needs to be improved, and one of the ways to enhance it is by implementing Gerakan Literasi Sekolah (GLS)/School Literacy Movement. This community service aims to improve the students’ writing skill as en effort to implement the GLS. This community service was conducted in the form of training of story writing. The training was implemented at one of the Islamic Elementary School in Blitar, East Java. The participants of the training included the students of grade 4, 5, and 6, totalling 52 students. The training was conducted by applying flipped classroom. The material is given to the students in the form of video that they should learn online, and subsequently they were given face-to-face writing guidance in the classroom. The results showed that the students were able to create a story about their experiences during the pandemic. The analysis of students’ writing revealed that the students’ abilities in composing a text was good. These abilities include developing ideas and using proper words and sentence structure. However, most of the students still encountered difficulties in using mechanics of writing, such as capitalization and punctuation. This needs to be followed up by intensifying writing activity at school, and generating other trainings to enhance the students’ writing skill.
Sosialisasi Dan Pelatihan Penguatan Pengelolaan Keuangan Desa Pada Desa Oenak Kecamatan Noemuti
Authors: Seran Marisa S. B. , Pattipeilohy Andre , Atok Fransiskus
Published: January 2022

Village Financial Management is an entire activity that includes planning, implementation, management, reporting and accountability of village finances. The role of the village apparatus in understanding the financial management of the village is very necessary. The purpose of village financial management activities has been stated in Permendagri No. 20 of 2018 which greatly helps the Village Government in understanding the problem of village financial management. The devotional activities were carried out by first holding a socialization of Permendagri Regulation No. 20 of 2018 on Village Financial Management until the assistance of the codefication book of village assets of South Bikomi Subdistrict. The meode used in this devotional activity is in the form of lectures, dialogues, as well as mentoring and practice through technical guidance. The results of this activity are: 1) There is an increase in capacity in the form of understanding by the Village Apparatus in Oenak Village of Noemuti Subdistrict about the role of village apparatus and village financial management in accordance with permendagri Number 20 of 2018.2) Optimization of Village Financial Management for the sake of the realization of the welfare of the village community in Oenak Village, Noemuti District, North Central Timor Regency.
PENGEMBANGAN LEMBAR KERJA PESERTA DIDIK BERBASIS MOODLE MATERI PENGUKURAN PANJANG KELAS IV SEKOLAH DASAR
Authors: Zulinar Aliffirda , Sarifah Iva , Saladin Andi Ali
Published: January 2022

This study aims to develop student worksheets for measuring length for grade IV Elementary Schools based on Moodle.This research is a development research using the ADDIE model. Data in this study were obtained through questionnaires and interviews. The subjects of this study were primary school students grade IV-B at SDN Baru 08 Pagi. This study involved three experts as validators of media eligibility, including media experts, content experts, and language experts. The results of these study indicate that the development of student worksheet based on Moodle has a significant level of eligibility assessment. The results of the validation of the content experts showed the eligibility with a percentage of 91%, media experts with 85% and language experts at 90% of which all three were categorized in the "Very Eligible" criteria. The results of the trials to students also showed the same thing, where the two trials conducted showed each of the results of face to face tryout with an assessment of the eligibility percentage of 94% and field trial of 93,6% which makes the media fall within the "Very Eligible" criteria. It can be said that the developed student worksheet based Moodle in mathematic of grade IV primary school.
Penguatan Kelembagaan Pokdarwis Sumber Edi Dalam Pengelolaan Hutan Adat Wonosadi, Beji, Desa Wonosadi, Kecamatan Ngawen Kabupaten Gunungkidul, Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta
Authors: Rosalia Widhiastuti
Published: January 2022

Hutan adat Wonosadi merupakan salah satu hutan adat di Indonesia yang berada di desa Beji, kecamatan Ngawen, kabupaten Gunungkidul, Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta. Hutan adat Wonosadi memiliki potensi untuk dikembangkan menjadi hutan wisata. Potensi itulah yang memunculkan lembaga Kelompok Sadar Wisata (pokdarwis) Sumber Edi dan lainnya dengan melibatkan elemen-eleman masyarakat desa Beji. Namun demikian dalam pengelolaannya pokdarwis mengalami banyak kendala yang berdampak pada kegagalan dalam mengembangkan hutan adat menjadi hutan wisata. Kondisi demikian dikarenakan model pengelolaan kelembagaan pokdarwis masih bersifat konvensional atau tradisional. Untuk itu diperlukan upaya penguatan kelembagaan pokdarwis yang lebih professional dengan melibatkan stakeholder dan para ahli (akademisi) serta lembaga pemerintahan untuk mendukung kinerja pokdarwis. Upaya penguatan lembaga pokdarwis diharapkan dapat mengembangkan hutan adat Wonosadi menjadi hutan wisata yang berkemajuan dan bermanfaat bagi kelestarian hutan dan lingkungannya, kesejahteraan masyarakat dan lembaga-lembaga terkait.
Ukraine’s Real Independence: Balance of Civilisational Agency and National Security
Authors: Pyrozhkov Serhii , Khamitov Nazip
Published: January 2022

The article examines the essence of the concepts ‘independence’ and ‘agency’ of Ukraine, their specific manifestations, substantial differences, and the major characteristics of the civilisational agency of countries, which are archetypical and situational. Each of them consists of pairs of opposites (authoritarianism – humanism, weakness – power, passionarity – conformity). The authors emphasise that it is extremely important to find out the difference between the concepts of independence and agency of the country.
The authors note that the productive civilizational agency of Ukraine in the modern world should be humanistic and innovative. This determines its strength and quality, which are necessary for the decent life and prosperity of the people of our country and the achievement of its true independence. The issue of the genuine independence of the country, its people, and authorities is analysed and it is assumed that this is the transition of independence to freedom.
The authors identify three ‘waves’ of civilizational agency in the history of Ukraine, which precede the stage that began in 1991, and its current state. In particular, these are the periods of Rus, the Cossack state, and the Ukrainian revolution (1917– 1921). It is argued that the agency of modern Ukraine, expressed in a referendum by the will of the Ukrainian people, began to develop in 1991 on the basis of an independent state and had a long prehistory and deep roots that trace their origins back to the times of the culture of Rus.
It is noted that the agency of the country is the meaning and purpose of its security and not vice versa. Put otherwise, security is only a means of achieving agency. In addition, the national security and agency of the country are dialectically linked. However, in various social systems, the emphasis is placed on the main values: ensuring national security or updating the agency of the country.
It is proven that in the modern world, the development of the country’s agency through innovative development means the acquisition of strategic security. It is also highlighted in the article that the urgent task facing Ukraine today is to comprehend and ensure the innovation and humanistic nature of its social and political practices as the basis of its agency.
The authors conclude that in the modern geopolitical realities, the agency of Ukraine – both as an objective economic, political, and cultural process and as an image in the eyes of partners – has a rather contradictory effect on its security.
Keywords: Ukraine, independence, civilizational agency, national security, innovation, humanism.
Risk and Uncertainty
Authors: Reed Matt , Langford Joss
Published: January 2022

Research and innovation by their nature involve uncertainty: there are many possible outcomes from a particular activity or programme. An uncertainty only becomes a risk when one or more of the possible outcomes would lead to an unwanted event, a major loss, large downside, or other undesirable effect. Risk assessment methods generally distinguish between the two types of measure that a company, project, or team can apply to a given situation. There are control measures, which are designed to prevent an unwanted event occurring in the first place, and mitigation measures, which are designed to limit the adverse consequences of an unwanted event if it occurs. The analysis usually tries to quantify the outstanding risk in the presence of these control and mitigation measures.
Comparing Organisations
Authors: Reed Matt , Langford Joss
Published: January 2022

There are significant differences in the organisational constraints universities operate under, when compared to commercial R&D, that enable them to build specialised knowledge bases. For example, they typically have a higher degree of flexibility in the overall size and shape of their staff base. Although university staff typically work within the context of year long workplans, and are reasonably inflexible within these workplans, universities as institutes can re-shape their staffing much more flexibly than most companies, recruiting specialised and skilled talent into two or three-year fixed term postdoctoral contracts. A simple comparison is presented.
Setting Expectations
Authors: Reed Matt , Langford Joss
Published: January 2022

This chapter looks at what companies should not generally expect to get from a university as an institute. Knowing what your partners are actually good at is key to building a partnership. Try to identify what exactly the university team is great at - it is this that you should cherish and leverage.
Building a Strategic Approach to Partnership
Authors: Reed Matt , Langford Joss
Published: January 2022

In this section, we set out some of the benefits of creating a more strategic approach in your company to university partnerships, and provide a set of tools to identify areas of alignment in existing or potential university partners. Strategic partnerships are underpinned by a high-level arrangement across an entire department, cluster of departments or businesses. This arrangement will pull together a portfolio of projects, resources and capabilities under a shared framework that enables greater co-operation and innovation across two or more organisations. To be effective a strategic partnership must be aligned with the vision, values and objectives of both organisations over a sustained period, usually no less than three to five years.
Defining the Problem
Authors: Reed Matt , Langford Joss
Published: January 2022

This section will help you to articulate a technical problem that your company wants to address in a language that enables your potential academic partners to see where they could contribute their expertise. Articulating the 'science problem' at the right degree of granularity and translating your company 'R&D speak' and ‘Business Speak’ into language that resonates well with academics is a key part of setting up a relationship.
Renovating the House of Hades
Authors: Hooper Anthony
Published: January 2022

Chapter nine utilises the metaphor of extension-building to examine the different ways in which important religious and philosophical thinkers appropriated and adapted poetic visions of the Underworld. Hooper argues that the Homeric vision of the House of Hades represented an attractive and flexible vision of the Underworld, which later thinkers could draw on in order to conceptualise and communicate their novel thinking concerning post-mortem fate. Hooper contrasts the extension-building undertaken in representations of Eleusinian eschatological thought with the more radical procedure of Plato’s Socrates. Taking the Myth of Er of the Republic as a case study, Hooper argues that Socrates deploys traditional material to ensure that his audience never feels ‘quite at home’ in this Underworld journey in order to provoke reflection on the key philosophical issues raised in this passage.
Introduction
Authors: Gazis George Alexander , Hooper Anthony
Published: January 2022

The Introduction explains how this volumes aims to build on the considerable interest in ancient concepts of the afterlife by offering a novel and unique approach to the study of death and the afterlife in Greek literature. Although scholars from various disciplines (including classics, philosophy, archaeology, literary studies, history, and theology) have provided examinations of the conception, evolution and distribution of beliefs concerning death and the afterlife in the Greek world, these examinations are too often constrained by modern disciplinary boundaries; boundaries that are, if not absent, then far more porous in the ancient world. It explains how this is the first volume to examine the influences, intersections, and developments of understandings of death and the afterlife between poetic, religious, and philosophical traditions in ancient Greece in one resource. Greek thinking on death and the afterlife was neither uniform, simple, nor static, and by offering an examination of these matters in a properly interdisciplinary context we aim to demonstrate the full richness, complexity, and flexibility of this these ideas in the ancient Greek world, and illuminate how freely writers from various genres drew inspiration from each other’s thinking concerning eschatological matters.
Introduction
Authors: Ellinger Kat
Published: January 2022

This introductory chapter provides a brief summary of the 1971 film, Daughters of Darkness. The film is a tale of desire, sadism, and vampirism and is like nothing else from its era. In the years following its release, the film has come to be considered a cult classic. Part art film, part Eurocult erotica, Daughters of Darkness straddles the divide between high and low cinema. The chapter presents it as a beautiful anomaly, made during a period where lesbian vampire films were in vogue, and in plentiful supply. Yet, it stands out because of its otherness, ironically, in a genre populated with othered outsiders.
Prelude
Authors: Fraiture Pierre-Philippe
Published: January 2022

This prelude focuses on the role played by international organizations such as the United Nations and UNESCO to manage political decolonization in the immediate post-World War II era and envisage the basis for cultural emancipation in the ‘non-self-governing’ and ‘trust’ territories controlled by European empires. In France, this period coincided with attempts to explore African cultures and understand their development in the context of late colonialism. In 1948, Madeleine Rousseau and Cheikh Anta Diop edited a special issue of Le Musée vivant entitled ‘1848 Abolition de l’esclavage - 1948 Evidence de la culture nègre’. This publication, which included contributions by Michel Leiris and Jacques Howlett but also by lesser known figures such as Olivier Le Corneur and the Belgian literary critic Auguste Verbeken, examined the factors behind a possible ‘African renaissance’ (C.A Diop) in literature and the arts. The views defended here capture the mood of a period torn between an allegiance to existentialism and the ontological tenets of the Bantu philosophy as expounded by Placide Tempels.
‘Customs’
Authors: Fraiture Pierre-Philippe
Published: January 2022

This chapter examines the significance of Afrique ambiguë and ascertains how this autobiographical narrative resonates with Balandier’s other scientific outputs (e.g. Sociologie actuelle de l’Afrique noire). This book provides a wealth of information to understand how the decolonization of sub-Saharan Africa unfolded in the 1950s. The many ambiguities recorded by Balandier are played out on the cultural, political, and religious planes. However, it is also a book testifying to Balandier’s efforts to account for the chronological complexity of decolonization, a historical process in which tradition and modernity, progress and development, but also past, present, and future are approached from a non-developmentalist angle. The first part focuses on Balandier’s exploration of the environmental devastation brought about by colonialism in British-ruled Nigeria and in French Congo. The second part examines the issue of cultural dispossession but also, via a focus on female circumcision, the strategies adopted by locals to transform traditional customs. The third part is devoted to Kongo messianism and analyses how some prophets used biblical messages to develop an anti-colonial agenda and reform the Kongo cosmogony.
Reading Maps with La vorágine: Cartographic Illusion on the Río Negro
Authors: Smith Amanda M.
Published: January 2022

Chapter 1 investigates the relationship between José Eustasio Rivera’s service on a mapping commission to chart the border between Colombia and Venezuela and the novel he wrote during the expedition. La vorágine (1924) was not only an extension of Rivera’s political campaign to denounce the state’s approach to the cartography of its frontier zones as negligent, but it is also allowed the author to explore the possibilities of navigating the Colombian Amazon sensorially. In this chapter, the senses become a pedagogy to forestall the violence of official cartographic omissions, but despite this critical intervention in situatedness, the legacy of the novel has involved the perceived exaggeration of Rivera’s descriptions of rubber industry violence.
‘Les Savoirs de la main’
Authors: Hughes Edward J.
Published: January 2022

‘Dragging texts from one time period into another, […] launching the provocative force of these past texts into the present’ is how Rancière characterizes a method of juxtaposition which he frequently practises. It is a move that sees him sidestep historicism. The current chapter attempts such a move by aligning two texts, one an essay by Charles Péguy from the early twentieth century, L’Argent, in which he protests against a new era of industrial mechanization in France, the other a short novel by Thierry Beinstingel, Retour aux mots sauvages, published a century later in an age of post-industrial cultural change. Both works can be described as articulating a quarrel between old and new social practices. In particular, the hold of new orthodoxies is contested in each case by an anti-modern orientation that is channelled specifically through an interrogation of the status of manually performed labour. The chapter also reflects on practices of language in both authors and how such practices serve as antidote to alienation.
Pierre Michon, ‘Small Lives’, and the Terrain of Art
Authors: Hughes Edward J.
Published: January 2022

In his Vies minuscules [Small Lives] (1984), Pierre Michon describes the witnesses who inspire this series of short biographies as humble folk for whom the term ‘intelligence’ applies exclusively to people other than them. Thus, Michon’s subjects internalize an asymmetrical distribution of social attributes, interpreting these as evidence of intrinsic human difference. Focussing on Vies minuscules and La Vie de Joseph Roulin [The Life of Joseph Roulin] (1988), the chapter analyses what is generated when socially obscure lives are conjoined with literature. The mapping of ‘small lives’ onto an intensely worked linguistic matrix sees literary poiesis and social obscurity drawn into conspicuous alignment, with the author’s baroque language ensuring that the work resists tidy categorization as proletarian or popular literature. The chapter also examines the connection between manual and intellectual labour, considering in particular Michon's romancing of van Gogh's encounter with the Roulin family in Arles in 1888. As with Michon, the depiction of 'small lives' was integral to the art of van Gogh, who earnestly compares his working on canvases to peasants ploughing the land. The chapter argues for the link between the painter's social formation and vision and Michon's imbrication of the artistic and the banal.
Conclusion
Authors: Hughes Edward J.
Published: January 2022

A class border threads through many of the narratives explored in the present study, with the texts frequently mapping ‘voyages to the land of the people’. Alongside this, the relationship between social representation and the expressive function is often prominent, as the word composition in Michon, Ndiaye, Simon, and Péguy strikingly illustrates. This may be tied in with Rancière’s argument about ‘the word at large that anyone can grab hold of’. Yet his notion of the ‘democracy of literature’ notwithstanding, the texts that are explored risk conveying at a thematic level an absence of social directedness and consequence. Many of them, indeed, represent cycles of entrenched containment: the pre-1914 world depicted in Proust, Péguy, Nizan, and Simon; the lives of industrial workers in the 1930s as explored by Weil; the peasant lives which Michon retrieves; working-class communities in France’s Fifth Republic as evoked by Ndiaye and Eribon and held within society’s ‘verdict’; the status of the workplace in a post-industrial age as charted by Bon and Beinstingel. Yet these texts also carry interventions (social, linguistic, thematic, intermedial) that hold a power of contestation.
They channel ‘transformations of the sensible fabric’, to use Rancière’s formulation, that carry an emancipatory potential.
Conclusion
Authors: Kemp Anna
Published: January 2022

[I]l y a, en ce qui me concerne, une image de la littérature qui se dessine et qui serait l’image d’un puzzle […] Butor a expliqué que tout écrivain était entouré par une masse d’autres … enfin, il est là et il y a tout autour de lui, plus ou moins près, plus ou moins loin, d’autres, d’autres écrivains […] et si vous voulez ce puzzle qui est la littérature, dans l’esprit de cet écrivain, a toujours une place vacante....
Introduction
Authors: Tomlinson Maria Kathryn
Published: January 2022

The introduction explains the rationale behind the study: to evaluate whether second-wave feminist theories about menstruation, childbirth and the menopause are still pertinent within a contemporary and diverse French-speaking world. The choice of novels, which are set in France, Algeria, and Mauritius, is justified through an explanation of their divergent socio-cultural, religious and political climates but shared history of colonialism. An overview is provided of second-wave feminist approaches to language and the body. The conceptual framework of the book is outlined through an evaluation of how second-wave feminist texts have been criticised for their idealism and their overlooking the roles played by socio-cultural context, ethnicity, sexuality, and age in shaping women’s experiences. The timely nature of this study is emphasised through a consideration of the very contemporary global context in which women are breaking the silence that surrounds female bodily experience. This includes a brief exploration of women’s efforts to increase the visibility of, and to challenge stereotypes about, the female fertility cycle through social media, traditional media, and artwork.
Problematising a ‘universal’ female bodily experience
Authors: Tomlinson Maria Kathryn
Published: January 2022

Through an examination of how menstruation, childbirth, and the menopause are represented in second-wave feminist texts, Chapter One contextualises the book’s cross-cultural approach to representations of the female body in contemporary women’s writing in French. This chapter emphasises that the second-wave feminists were the first to break the silence that surrounds certain female bodily experiences and sought to challenge normative and patriarchal discourses which paint the female body in a negative light. It focuses on three second-wave feminist texts, namely: Parole de femme by Annie Leclerc, Pouvoirs de l’horreur by Julia Kristeva, and Autrement Dit by Marie Cardinal. The chapter subsequently examines how the second-wave feminists have been criticised for their idealism and essentialism by feminists such as Chandra Talpade Mohanty and Audre Lorde.
Violence, trauma, and medicalisation
Authors: Tomlinson Maria Kathryn
Published: January 2022

Chapter two examines literary works by authors who explore women’s experiences of menstruation, childbirth, and the menopause in France. It argues that women’s writing from France primarily frames the female fertility cycle in terms of the medicalisation of the female body. These works position medicalisation as having a negative impact on women’s corporeal experiences and attitudes towards their own bodies. This tendency reflects, and situates within a more contemporary context, Leclerc’s criticism of the medical profession. This chapter also presents another key tendency in contemporary women’s writing from France, which is to inscribe the female body in violent, abject, and traumatic contexts. It analyses novels by well-known authors such as Virginie Despentes, Marie Darrieussecq, and Catherine Millet alongside lesser-known authors such as Laurence Tardieu and Nathalie Schweighoffer.
The Orientalist Revd Dr Edward Hincks (1792–1866)
Authors: Millar Gerry
Published: January 2022

The much-anticipated unwrapping of Takabuti in 1835 by members of the Belfast Natural History Society created huge interest and excitement, but the event was delayed to ensure the presence of one man to decipher the hieroglyphs (see Chapter 1, pp. 32–35). He was not a professor from the British Museum or even a professional Egyptologist. He was a country parson, an amateur Orientalist, the Revd Dr Edward Hincks, Church of Ireland rector of Killyleagh, Co. Down (...
Mitochondrial DNA of Takabuti
Authors: Drosou Konstantina
Published: January 2022

The period from the development of the Mendelian laws of heredity (1865) and the discovery of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) by Friedrich Miescher (1869), to Schrödinger’s characterisation of the chromosome as an aperiodic crystal and the deciphering of the DNA structure and its information-encoding potential (1952), was an era of radical changes in scientific thought. This resulted in revolutionary insights that would forever change our perception of the universe. These paradigm-shifting events in science signalled the transition from classical genetics to molecular genetics, a new reality. Questions such as how genetics can contribute to the understanding of humans and the environment have triggered the creation of numerous cognate disciplines. The analysis of preserved organisms and ancient remains on a molecular level has created the new scientific field of biomolecular archaeology, thereby opening up an entirely new avenue in evolutionary studies. The fundamental principle upon which biomolecular archaeology is based is that any type of biomolecule, such as nucleic acids, lipids, proteins and even carbohydrates, has the potential, under favourable conditions, to leave traces of organic residues, albeit in a heavily degraded state. Ultimately, this field can provide a unique perspective for the molecular analysis and understanding of several aspects of past life, such as adaptation, plant and animal domestication, migratory routes, palaeopa-thology, population genetics and ancestry. That premise has led to a remarkable exploration of ancient DNA (aDNA) with regard to the unique information that it can provide and the breadth of archaeological questions that can be potentially answered. Tissue samples were taken from deep within Takabuti’s body following established protocols to ensure the samples were not contaminated and that minimal damage was caused to her remains (...
Takabuti’s Teeth
Authors: Forshaw Roger
Published: January 2022

An odontological examination was undertaken of Takabuti’s teeth, as such studies can furnish a wealth of information about the deceased person. They can provide direct evidence of the individual’s diet; they can provide data that contributes to our understanding of health and disease in antiquity; and teeth have the potential to provide information about social and cultural behaviour....
Stable Isotopes and Takabuti’s Diet
Authors: Metcalfe Jenefer , Reimer Paula
Published: January 2022

Stable isotope analysis can be used to study the diet of ancient populations, as well as providing information about their health status and the climate and environment in which they lived (Katzenberg 2000). The isotopic study of bone samples can provide information about the long-term protein source of an individual’s diet, but hair provides a much more recent indicator. Any dietary change in the months immediately prior to death would be identified using this approach. Although the analysis cannot identify the precise cause of any variability, the reasons for dietary change can include factors such as illness, seasonal availability of food resources or movement between regions....
Matter in the Margins
Authors: Coffey Bysshe Inigo
Published: January 2022

Chapter 1 examines philosophical contexts that mattered to Shelley surrounding materia subtilis (subtle matter), and the sensorium. It offers a selective overview of the history of these formulations and their presence in Shelley’s library in the writings of Lucretius, Pierre Bayle, David Hartley, and Coleridge and Southey’s Omniana (1812), all of which are recorded in the ‘Marlow List’.
Their Own Eternity
Authors: Coffey Bysshe Inigo
Published: January 2022

Chapter 3 pursues his speculations. Throughout his poetry Shelley returns obsessively to the different kinds of survival thought and sentiment might enjoy after death — an idea which lies behind many of the stranger incidents in his poetry. The chapter offers a selective overview of examples taken from the early ‘Poems about Mary’ (1810) to the late ‘Ginevra’ (1821). This chapter also examines the ways in which Shelley challenges any clear division between life and death, a recurring theme that is bound up with the charge of morbidity levelled against him by early critics.
Coda
Authors: Coffey Bysshe Inigo
Published: January 2022

The Coda moves the argument from ‘Fractured Materiality’ to ‘Broken Life’. It takes the figure of Rousseau as he appears in ‘The Triumph of Life’ and suggests that Shelley’s brilliant gathering of images (chestnut tree, root, and highway) are derived ultimately from Émile (1762) and Discours sur l’origine et les fondements de l’ inégalité parmi les hommes (1755). I end by arguing that Rousseau’s conception of ‘frêle bonheur’ illuminates Shelley’s persistent return to weakness as a kind of strength, and what it means to accept interruption as the very condition of a continuing life.