bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Variability of the Pacific‐Derived Arctic Water Over the Southeastern Wandel Sea Shelf (Northeast Greenland) in 2015–2016
Authors: Dmitrenko Igor A. , Kirillov Sergei A. , Rudels Bert , Babb David G. , Myers Paul G. , Stedmon Colin A. , Bendtsen Jørgen , Ehn Jens K. , Pedersen Leif Toudal , Rysgaard Søren , Barber David G.
Published: December 2018

A portion of the freshwater transport through Fram Strait consists of low‐salinity Pacific‐derived Arctic water flowing southward along the east coast of Greenland. The pathways of this water are currently unclear. An Ice Tethered Profiler deployed over the southeastern Wandel Sea shelf (northeast Greenland) in May 2015 collected a profile every 3 hr for a year recording conductivity‐temperature‐depth (CTD) and Colored Dissolved Organic Matter (CDOM) fluorescence. This was accompanied by velocity observations. The CTD data revealed that the subsurface water (~15–85 m depth) characterized by high CDOM resembles the “cold Halostad” in the Canada Basin formed by the injection of Pacific water. A coastal branch of the Pacific water outflow from the Arctic Ocean supplies the Wandel Sea halostad, which shows a clear seasonal pattern. From July to October–November, the halostad is shallow, more saline, warmer, and with less CDOM. Conversely, from November to April, the halostad deepens, cools, freshens and CDOM increases, likely indicating a higher fraction of Pacific winter water. The CTD surveys, wind and current data, and numerical simulations show that the seasonal variation of wind over the continental slope likely controls seasonal changes of this intermediate water layer. Over northeast Greenland, winter winds have a northerly component from November to April, favoring Ekman transport of the Pacific‐derived water to the Wandel Sea shelf. In contrast, the prevailing southerly summer winds result in retreat of the Pacific‐derived water off the shelf. The landfast ice off‐slope extension modifies wind‐forcing disrupting seasonal patterns.
An evolving story of the metastatic voyage of ovarian cancer cells: cellular and molecular orchestration of the adipose-rich metastatic microenvironment
Authors: Motohara Takeshi , Masuda Kenta , Morotti Matteo , Zheng Yiyan , El-Sahhar Salma , Chong Kay Yi , Wietek Nina , Alsaadi Abdulkhaliq , Carrami Eli M , Hu Zhiyuan , Artibani Mara , Gonzalez Laura Santana , Katabuchi Hidetaka , Saya Hideyuki , Ahmed Ahmed Ashour
Published: December 2018

Metastasis is a complex multistep process that involves critical interactions between cancer cells and a variety of stromal components in the tumor microenvironment, which profoundly influence the different aspects of the metastatic cascade and organ tropism of disseminating cancer cells. Ovarian cancer is the most lethal gynecological malignancy and is characterized by peritoneal disseminated metastasis. Evidence has demonstrated that ovarian cancer possesses specific metastatic tropism for the adipose-rich omentum, which has a pivotal role in the creation of the metastatic tumor microenvironment in the intraperitoneal cavity. Considering the distinct biology of ovarian cancer metastasis, the elucidation of the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying the reciprocal interplay between ovarian cancer cells and surrounding stromal cell types in the adipose-rich metastatic microenvironment will provide further insights into the development of novel therapeutic approaches for patients with advanced ovarian cancer. Herein, we review the biological mechanisms that regulate the highly orchestrated crosstalk between ovarian cancer cells and various cancer-associated stromal cells in the metastatic tumor microenvironment with regard to the omentum by illustrating how different stromal cells concertedly contribute to the development of ovarian cancer metastasis and metastatic tropism for the omentum.
Geometric morphometrics of nested symmetries unravels hierarchical inter- and intra-individual variation in biological shapes
Authors: Savriama Yoland , Gerber Sylvain
Published: December 2018

Symmetry is a pervasive feature of organismal shape and the focus of a large body of research in Biology. Here, we consider complex patterns of symmetry where a phenotype exhibits a hierarchically structured combination of symmetries. We extend the Procrustes ANOVA for the analysis of nested symmetries and the decomposition of the overall morphological variation into components of symmetry (among-individual variation) and asymmetry (directional and fluctuating asymmetry). We illustrate its use with the Aristotle’s lantern, the masticatory apparatus of ‘regular’ sea urchins, a complex organ displaying bilateral symmetry nested within five-fold rotational symmetry. Our results highlight the importance of characterising the full symmetry of a structure with nested symmetries. Higher order rotational symmetry appears strongly constrained and developmentally stable compared to lower level bilateral symmetry. This contrast between higher and lower levels of asymmetry is discussed in relation to the spatial pattern of the lantern morphogenesis. This extended framework is applicable to any biological object exhibiting nested symmetries, regardless of their type (e.g., bilateral, rotational, translational). Such cases are extremely widespread in animals and plants, from arthropod segmentation to angiosperm inflorescence and corolla shape. The method therefore widens the research scope on developmental instability, canalization, developmental modularity and morphological integration.
Detection of the adulteration of fresh coconut water via NMR spectroscopy and chemometrics
Authors: Richardson Paul I. C. , Muhamadali Howbeer , Lei Yang , Golovanov Alexander P. , Ellis David I. , Goodacre Royston
Published: December 2018

Here, we applied NMR spectroscopy in combination with chemometrics to quantify the adulteration of fresh coconut water, stretched with water–sugar mixtures.
Evaluation of a handheld near-infrared spectrophotometer for quantitative determination of two APIs in a solid pharmaceutical preparation
Authors: Puig-Bertotto J. , Coello J. , Maspoch S.
Published: December 2018

The aim of this study is to evaluate the performance of a handheld NIR spectrophotometer for the quantitative determination of two APIs in a solid pharmaceutical preparation (tablet).
Two-dimensional analysis of phenolic acids in seedling roots by high performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-ion mobility spectrometry
Authors: Lu Yaling , Guo Jianpeng , Yu Jianna , Guo Jianheng , Jia Xu , Liu Wenjie , Tian Pingfang
Published: December 2018

An online two-dimensional high-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-ion mobility spectrometry (HPLC-ESI-IMS) method was developed and applied to identify nine phenolic acids in seedling roots.
Rapid detection of dibutyl phthalate in liquor by a semi-quantitative multicolor immunosensor with naked eyes as readout
Authors: Huang Yanling , Lin Yue , Luo Fang , Wang Peilong , Wang Jian , Qiu Bin , Guo Longhua , Lin Zhenyu
Published: December 2018

A multicolor competitive immunosensor for DBP detection has been proposed based on the etching of gold nanorods (GNRs) using naked eyes as readout.
In situ measurement of pH in liquid chromatography systems using a colorimetric approach
Authors: Leme Gabriel , Madigan Benjamin , Eikens Joseph , Harmes David C. , Richardson Douglas , Carr Peter , Stoll Dwight
Published: December 2018

In liquid chromatography differences between the pH of an injected sample and the pH of the mobile phase can have a significant impact on retention times, peak widths, and resolution.
Single-site labeling of histidine in proteins, on-demand reversibility, and traceless metal-free protein purification
Authors: Joshi Pralhad Namdev , Rai Vishal
Published: December 2018

A precision methodology distinguishes one His from all the nucleophilic residues and its multiple copies.
Manganese-phenolic network-coated black phosphorus nanosheets for theranostics combining magnetic resonance/photoacoustic dual-modal imaging and photothermal therapy
Authors: Guo Tao , Lin Yan , Jin Guixiao , Weng Rengui , Song Jibin , Liu Xinzhong , Huang Guoming , Hou Lian , Yang Huanghao
Published: December 2018

Manganese-phenolic network-coated black phosphorus nanosheets were developed for magnetic resonance/photoacoustic dual-modal imaging-guided photothermal therapy.
Redox-switchable atom transfer radical polymerization
Authors: Dadashi-Silab Sajjad , Lorandi Francesca , Fantin Marco , Matyjaszewski Krzysztof
Published: December 2018

A redox-switchable ATRP was developed in which the copper catalyst, and hence the polymerization, was switched on/off using redox agents.
Enzyme-assisted self-assembly within a hydrogel induced by peptide diffusion
Authors: Criado-Gonzalez Miryam , Rodon Fores Jennifer , Wagner Déborah , Schröder André Pierre , Carvalho Alain , Schmutz Marc , Harth Eva , Schaaf Pierre , Jierry Loïc , Boulmedais Fouzia
Published: December 2018

Peptide diffusion into an enzymatically active hydrogel induces the formation of a self-assembled network, changing the mechanical and chemical properties.
A systematic study of various 2D materials in the light of defect formation and oxidation
Authors: Dabral A. , Lu A. K. A. , Chiappe D. , Houssa M. , Pourtois G.
Published: December 2018

Thermodynamic insight into defect formation, oxidation and healing in various 2D materials with relevant impact on electronic properties.
An in situ FTIR study of the plasma- and thermally-driven reaction of isopropyl alcohol at CeO2: evidence for a loose transition state involving Ce3+?
Authors: Christensen P. A. , Mashhadani Z. T. A. W. , Md Ali Abd Halim Bin , Manning D. A. C. , Carroll M. A. , Martin P. A.
Published: December 2018

This paper reports on the thermally-driven and non-thermal plasma-driven reaction of IsoPropyl Alcohol (IPA) on ceria (CeO2) with the aim to investigate the differences between plasma catalytic interactions and the analogous thermal reactions.
Electron correlation effects in the photoionization of CO and isoelectronic diatomic molecules
Authors: Ponzi A. , Quadri N. , Angeli C. , Decleva P.
Published: December 2018

This figure shows the theoretical photoelectron spectra associated with each target molecule. This representation is useful to instantly visualize differences in the position and intensity of the examined satellite bands.
Polarizability in ionic liquid simulations causes hidden breakdown of linear response theory
Authors: Heid Esther , Schröder Christian
Published: December 2018

Introduction of polarizability into an ionic liquid force-field affects equilibrium and nonequilibrium properties differently, thus leading to a breakdown of linear response theory.
Theoretical description of the thermomolecular orientation of anisotropic colloids
Authors: Olarte-Plata Juan D. , Bresme Fernando
Published: December 2018

We describe theoretically the orientation of anisotropic colloids under a thermal field.
Hydrogen- and oxygen-atom transfers in the thermal activation of benzene mediated by Cu2O2+cations
Authors: Cui Jiatong , Sun Chuanxin , Zhao Yue , Wang Ming , Ma Jiabi
Published: December 2018

The mass-selected copper oxide cluster cations Cu2O2+are successfully prepared by laser ablation and reacted with benzene in a linear ion trap reactor.
Barcoded point-of-care bioassays
Authors: Yang Mingzhu , Liu Yong , Jiang Xingyu
Published: December 2018

Barcoded bioassays are ready to promote bioanalysis and biomedicine toward the point of care.
MnCo2O4 nanoparticles supported on nitrogen and sulfur co-doped mesoporous carbon spheres as efficient electrocatalysts for oxygen catalytic reactions
Authors: Oh Taeseob , Ryu Seokgyu , Oh Hyunwoo , Kim Jooheon
Published: December 2018

The development of efficient bifunctional electrocatalysts for the oxygen reduction and oxygen evolution reactions is essential to address the challenge of sluggish reaction kinetics.
Magnetic investigations over reversibly switched chiral (phthalocyaninato)(porphyrinato) dysprosium double-decker compounds
Authors: Sun Nana , Wang Hailong , Liu Tao , Qi Dongdong , Jiang Jianzhuang
Published: December 2018

The present work represents one example of reversibly tuning the molecular magnetic properties of Ln-based compounds and elucidates an abnormal f-radical effect.
Fluorescent functionalised naphthalimides and their Au(i)–NHC complexes for potential use in cellular bioimaging
Authors: Groves Lara M. , Williams Catrin F. , Hayes Anthony J. , Ward Benjamin D. , Isaacs Marc D. , Symonds Nadine O. , Lloyd David , Horton Peter N. , Coles Simon J. , Pope Simon J. A.
Published: December 2018

A series of fluorescent gold(i)–NHC complexes have been developed and investigated as cell imaging agents.
Ag(i) complex design affording intense phosphorescence with a landmark lifetime of over 100 milliseconds
Authors: Shafikov Marsel Z. , Czerwieniec Rafał , Yersin Hartmut
Published: December 2018

A new Ag(i) complex was designed that shows an unprecedentedly long ambient temperature emission decay time of τ = 110 ms at an emission quantum yield of ΦPL = 50%, as measured for a doped PMMA matrix.
A new family of dinuclear lanthanide complexes constructed from an 8-hydroxyquinoline Schiff base and β-diketone: magnetic properties and near-infrared luminescence
Authors: Wu Dong-Fang , Liu Zhen , Ren Peng , Liu Xiao-He , Wang Ning , Cui Jian-Zhong , Gao Hong-Ling
Published: December 2018

Gd/Dy complexes based on 8-hydroxiquinoline derivatives display a magnetocaloric effect and slow magnetic relaxation behavior.
FexNi9−xS8 (x = 3–6) as potential photocatalysts for solar-driven hydrogen production?
Authors: Tetzlaff David , Simon Christopher , Achilleos Demetra S. , Smialkowski Mathias , junge Puring Kai , Bloesser André , Piontek Stefan , Kasap Hatice , Siegmund Daniel , Reisner Erwin , Marschall Roland , Apfel Ulf-Peter
Published: December 2018

The photocatalytic proton reduction is catalyzed by FexNix−9S8.
Understanding the potential for efficient triplet harvesting with hot excitons
Authors: Northey T. , Keane T. , Eng J. , Penfold T. J.
Published: December 2018

Excited state energy transfer in disordered systems has attracted significant attention owing to the importance of this phenomenon in both artificial and natural systems that operate in electronically excited states.
Ultrafast transient absorption spectroscopy of doped P3HT films: distinguishing free and trapped polarons
Authors: Voss Matthew G. , Scholes D. Tyler , Challa J. Reddy , Schwartz Benjamin J.
Published: December 2018

It is generally presumed that the vast majority of carriers created by chemical doping of semiconducting polymer films are coulombically trapped by the counteranion, with only a small fraction that are free and responsible for the increased conductivity essential for organic electronic applications.
Cellular heterogeneity identified by single-cell alkaline phosphatase (ALP) via a SERRS-microfluidic droplet platform
Authors: Sun Dan , Cao Fanghao , Cong Lili , Xu Weiqing , Chen Qidan , Shi Wei , Xu Shuping
Published: December 2018

We proposed an ultrasensitive method for studying low abundance ALP secreted by individual cell using the microfluidic droplet-based SERRS technique.
Osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs in collagen-based 3D scaffolds
Authors: Zhang Tingting , Chen Hong , Zhang Yajie , Zan Yue , Ni Tianyu , Liu Min , Pei Renjun
Published: December 2018

Collagen-based scaffolds was fabricated through covalent crosslinking, and used as 3D scaffolds for promoting the osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs.
Highly adjustable 3D nano-architectures and chemistriesviaassembled 1D biological templates
Authors: Ohmura Jacqueline F. , Burpo F. John , Lescott Chamille J. , Ransil Alan , Yoon Youngmin , Records William C. , Belcher Angela M.
Published: December 2018

Here, we rationally assemble 1D biological templates into scalable, 3D structures to fabricate metal nanofoams with a variety of genetically programmable architectures and material chemistries.
Mimicking the bioelectrocatalytic function of recombinant CotA laccase through electrostatically self-assembled bioconjugates
Authors: Alba-Molina David , Rodríguez-Padrón Daily , Puente-Santiago Alain R. , Giner-Casares Juan J. , Martín-Romero María T. , Camacho Luis , Martins Lígia O. , Muñoz-Batista Mario J. , Cano Manuel , Luque Rafael
Published: December 2018

Unprecedented 3D nanobiosystems provide excelling oxygen electroreduction performance.
Facet-regulated adhesion of double-stranded DNA on palladium surfaces
Authors: Gu Zonglin , Zhao Lin , Ge Cuicui , Liu Shengtang , Fang Ge , Chen Serena S. , Yang Zaixing , Zhou Ruhong
Published: December 2018

A better understanding of interactions between metal–nanomaterial surfaces and biomolecules such as DNAs is critical for their biomedical applications.
Gas-induced selective re-orientation of Au–Cu nanoparticles on TiO2 (110)
Authors: Wilson Axel , Bailly Aude , Bernard Romain , Borensztein Yves , Coati Alessandro , Croset Bernard , Cruguel Hervé , Naitabdi Ahmed , Silly Mathieu , Saint-Lager Marie-Claire , Vlad Alina , Witkowski Nadine , Garreau Yves , Prevot Geoffroy
Published: December 2018

Au–Cu bimetallic nanoparticles (NPs) grown on TiO2(110) have been followed in situ using grazing incidence X-ray diffraction and X-ray photoemission spectroscopy from their synthesis to their exposure to a CO/O2 mixture at low pressure (P < 10−5 mbar) and at different temperatures (300 K–470 K).
SuperQuat chiral auxiliaries: design, synthesis, and utility
Authors: Davies Stephen G. , Fletcher Ai M. , Roberts Paul M. , Thomson James E.
Published: December 2018

The design, synthesis and outline of some of the most common synthetic applications of the SuperQuat (4-substituted 5,5-dimethyloxazolidine-2-one) family of chiral auxiliaries, developed to address the shortcomings of the Evans (4-substituted oxazolidin-2-one) family of chiral auxiliaries, are presented.
On the role of N-vinylpyrrolidone in the aqueous radical-initiated copolymerization with PEGDA mediated by eosin Y in the presence of O2
Authors: Aguirre-Soto Alan , Kim Seunghyeon , Kaastrup Kaja , Sikes Hadley D.
Published: December 2018

A ground-state complex between eosin and N-vinylpyrrolidone impacts the photo-initiated synthesis of PEG hydrogels.
3D hollow reduced graphene oxide foam as a stable host for high-capacity lithium metal anodes
Authors: Yao Pengcheng , Chen Qiyuan , Mu Yu , Liang Jie , Li Xiuqiang , Liu Xin , Wang Yang , Zhu Bin , Zhu Jia
Published: December 2018

3D hollow reduced graphene oxide foam as host for prestring lithium for high capacity lithium metal anode.
4,5-Diaminophthalimides: highly efficient solid-state fluorophores and turn-on type fluorescent probes for hydrazine
Authors: Shimizu Masaki , Tamagawa Tomokazu , Nishimura Kenta
Published: December 2018

4,5-Bis(diarylamino)phthalimides in powder form and dispersed in a thin film of poly(methyl methacrylate) fluoresce in the green-to-orange and blue-to-green region, respectively, with high quantum yields.
A GSH-responsive nanophotosensitizer for efficient photodynamic therapy
Authors: Pan Wei , Shi Mingwan , Li Yanhua , Chen Yuanyuan , Li Na , Tang Bo
Published: December 2018

A GSH-responsive nanophotosensitizer based on CoOOH nanosheets was developed for the photodynamic therapy of cancer.
Application of a novel Mass Bio System to remove low-concentration ammonia nitrogen from water bodies
Authors: Tabassum Salma
Published: December 2018

Removal process of low concentration of ammonia nitrogen (about 10 ppm NH4+-N) by Novel Mass Bio System (MBS).
Coconut-based activated carbon fibers for efficient adsorption of various organic dyes
Authors: Zhang Ling , Tu Ling-yu , Liang Yan , Chen Qi , Li Ze-sheng , Li Chun-hai , Wang Zhi-hui , Li Wen
Published: December 2018

Activated carbon fibers with high micropore volume and large specific surface area were prepared from abundant and low-cost coconut fibers, which show excellent adsorption performances towards various dyes.
Fabrication of a polyvinylidene fluoride cactus-like nanofiber through one-step electrospinning
Authors: Zaarour Bilal , Zhu Lei , Huang Chen , Jin Xiangyu
Published: December 2018

A novel PVDF cactus-like nanofiber was directly electrospun. The mechanism of formation, properties, and possible applications were demonstrated.
Benzene construction via Pd-catalyzed cyclization of 2,7-alkadiynylic carbonates in the presence of alkynes
Authors: Zhang Yuchen , Wu Wangteng , Fu Chunling , Huang Xin , Ma Shengming
Published: December 2018

A palladium-catalyzed highly regio- and chemo-selective cyclization to construct 1,3-dihydroisobenzofuran and isoindoline derivatives under mild conditions has been developed.
A self-roughened and biodegradable superhydrophobic coating with UV shielding, solar-induced self-healing and versatile oil–water separation ability
Authors: Dong Xiuli , Gao Shouwei , Huang Jianying , Li Shuhui , Zhu Tianxue , Cheng Yan , Zhao Yan , Chen Zhong , Lai Yuekun
Published: December 2018

Self-roughened and biodegradable superhydrophobic fabrics with solar-induced self-healing property are constructed for versatile and efficient oil–water separation.
Congo Red and amyloids: history and relationship
Authors: Yakupova Elmira I. , Bobyleva Liya G. , Vikhlyantsev Ivan M. , Bobylev Alexander G.
Published: December 2018

Staining with Congo Red (CR) is a qualitative method used for the identification of amyloids in vitro and in tissue sections. However, the drawbacks and artefacts obtained when using this dye can be found both in vitro and in vivo. Analysis of scientific data from previous studies shows that CR staining alone is not sufficient for confirmation of the amyloid nature of protein aggregates in vitro or for diagnosis of amyloidosis in tissue sections. In the present paper, we describe the characteristics and limitations of other methods used for amyloid studies. Our historical review on the use of CR staining for amyloid studies may provide insight into the pitfalls and caveats related to this technique for researchers considering using this dye.
Ascorbic acid improves parthenogenetic embryo development through TET proteins in mice
Authors: Gao Wei , Yu Xianfeng , Hao Jindong , Wang Ling , Qi Minghui , Han Liang , Lin Chao , Wang Dongxu
Published: December 2018

The TET (Ten-Eleven Translocation) proteins catalyze the oxidation of 5mC (5-methylcytosine) to 5hmC (5-hydroxymethylcytosine) and play crucial roles in embryonic development. Ascorbic acid (Vc, Vitamin C) stimulates the expression of TET proteins, whereas DMOG (dimethyloxallyl glycine) inhibits TET expression. To investigate the role of TET1, TET2, and TET3 in PA (parthenogenetic) embryonic development, Vc and DMOG treatments were administered during early embryonic development. The results showed that Vc treatment increased the blastocyst rate (20.73 ± 0.46 compared with 26.57 ± 0.53%). By contrast, DMOG reduced the blastocyst rate (20.73 ± 0.46 compared with 11.18 ± 0.13%) in PA embryos. qRT-PCR (quantitative real-time PCR) and IF (immunofluorescence) staining results revealed that TET1, TET2, and TET3 expressions were significantly lower in PA embryos compared with normal fertilized (Con) embryos. Our results revealed that Vc stimulated the expression of TET proteins in PA embryos. However, treatment with DMOG significantly inhibited the expression of TET proteins. In addition, 5hmC was increased following treatment with Vc and suppressed by DMOG in PA embryos. Taken together, these results indicate that the expression of TET proteins plays crucial roles mediated by 5hmC in PA embryonic development.
Failure analysis of a field brittle fracture composite insulator: characterisation by X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis
Authors: Gao Yanfeng , Liang Xidong , Bao Weining , Wu Chao , Li Shaohua
Published: December 2018

In the present work, a field brittle fracture composite insulator was collected and examined with the purpose of obtaining a better understanding of the failure features. Firstly, the macroscopic and microscopic fractography of this fractured composite insulator was observed confirming that the classical brittle fracture morphology features appeared in this field failed composite insulator. Secondly, the X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis was performed on the fracture surface of the glass‐fibre‐reinforced polymer rod. By examining the XPS survey spectra and high‐resolution XPS spectra for nitrogen, sulphur, silicon, calcium, aluminium, boron and carbon elements, the type of the glass fibre and the acid source responsible for this brittle fracture composite insulator were confirmed. Furthermore, the oxidation of the silicate network of glass fibre at the fracture surface was first observed, meanwhile, the oxidation of the epoxy resin matrix was also observed. The leaching of non‐silicate constituents leading to a high‐silica glass fibre was also observed; moreover, in comparison with the calcium and aluminium elements, the boron element resides in the silicate network was more preferential to be leached. The present work provides an insight into the brittle fracture in high voltage composite insulator from chemical properties point of view.
Worst case fair beamforming for multiple multicast groups in multicell networks
Authors: Al‐Asadi Ahmed , Al‐Amidie Muthana , Micheas Athanasios C. , McGarvey Ronald G. , Islam Naz E.
Published: December 2018

The design problem associated with robust downlink beamforming in multicast, multigroup, multicell wireless systems is addressed. The channel state information (CSI) of users is assumed to be imperfect and the uncertainty of CSI is modelled using the Frobenius norm. The objective is to optimise the signal‐to‐interference‐plus‐noise ratio over all users with a constraint on the maximum total transmitted power. This was achieved through a robust solution using the successive convex approximation (SCA) method. The beamforming problem is treated as a bi‐convex problem, which is solved using the iterate‐alternative convex technique. Here, the CSI uncertainty is addressed using a convex package through the non‐monotone spectral projected gradient method and the beamforming vector is extracted using the SCA method. Also, the authors offer the required condition to extract the beamform vector using the SCA method through a suboptimal solution that always addressed before using different beamforming methods. Their simulation results examine all proposed system parameters in order to show convergence and feasibility of the solution. They also compare the solution with a suboptimal solution and the quality of service method for imperfect CSI in downlink beamforming. Numerical results show that the robust solution achieves the best power efficiency for practical solutions.
Secrecy performance of a two‐way communication network with two half‐duplex DF relays
Authors: Sharma Shashibhusham , Roy Sanjay Dhar , Kundu Sumit
Published: December 2018

In this paper, the authors evaluate the secrecy performance of a two‐way communication network via two half‐duplex decode and forward relays under an eavesdropper attacking. The sources (S1 and S2) communicate with each other via the relays in two phases. Due to the directional antennas at the relay, eavesdropper does not eavesdrop from the relay. The eavesdropper only eavesdrops the message from one of two sources at a time, which has higher strength. The total relay power is divided between two relays. An optimal value of power allocation, which minimises the secrecy outage probability (SOP), is derived under equal and different transmit power of both the sources. The optimal value of transmitting power of S1 is obtained for a fixed value of transmitting power of S2. Performance in terms of the SOP increases with increase in transmit power of the sources, supply power for relays while it may decrease with increase in transmit power of one source beyond its optimal value for a given transmit power of the other source and increase in the threshold of global secrecy rate. They derive a closed‐form expression of SOP of this proposed model. The analytical results are validated by our MATLAB based simulation results
Rock‐ring detection accuracy improvement in infrared satellite image with sub‐pixel edge detection
Authors: Zhang Huan , Meng Cai , Bai Xiangzhi , Li Zhaoxi
Published: December 2018

The projection of space circle can be used for relative pose measurement of satellite targets. The accuracy of elliptical parameters plays an important role in the accuracy of pose recovery. However, the quality of space visible and infrared image is poor. The traditional ellipse detection method is mainly based on the edge of pixel‐accuracy‐wise and the ellipse accuracy is low, resulting in pose measurement errors. In this study, a sub‐pixel‐accuracy‐wise edge‐based ellipse fitting method is proposed to improve the ellipse accuracy. To realise this goal, we improved the arc‐based ellipse detection method and designed sub‐pixel‐edge‐based ellipse detection method. Experimental results show that the ellipse accuracy fitted by sub‐pixel edge coordinates is at least 50% higher than that by pixel edge coordinates, especially when the ellipse is incomplete. The author's method is the first one to propose and verify the sub‐pixel edge coordinate which contributes to enhancing ellipse accuracy.
Robust multi‐view videos face recognition based on particle filter with immune genetic algorithm
Authors: S. Kumar R. Mathusoothana
Published: December 2018

The task of face recognition in real‐world scenarios is still a challenging one. There exist many techniques for the recognition of faces in videos. The recognition task may be computationally easier, but is susceptible to pose variations, lighting conditions etc. This paper focuses on recognition of faces from multi‐view videos using the combination of particle filtering with Immune Genetic Algorithm (IGA) and HSH, which is insensitive to pose variations. Particle filtering along with the IGA efficiently track the target using immune system mechanism and then the recognition phases are carried out using HSH. For recognition of video, the ensemble feature similarity calculated which can be measured with the limiting Bhattacharyya distance of features in the Reproducing Kernel Hilbert space. The proposed system with HSH provides better performance than using Spherical Harmonics (SH) for recognising the face of the target and the performance are analysed with existing techniques for recognition of face.
Knockoff filter‐based feature selection for discrimination of non‐small cell lung cancer in CT image
Authors: Li Xiaomei , Dong Xiaopeng , Lian Jian , Zhang Yan , Yu Jinming
Published: December 2018

Lung cancer is one of the deadliest diseases worldwide and the classification of different types of lung cancers in computed tomography (CT) images is also one of the most significant issues in computer‐aided diagnosis. It remains a tough task since various image features could be extracted from one single image while part of the features is irrelevant to the final diagnosis results. In this study, a knockoff filter‐based approach is proposed to produce the optimal feature set and to minimise the irrelevancy of the output features for the classification of lung cancer in CT images. The proposed feature selection strategy not only can generate the optimal feature subset but also constrain the false discovery rate of the irrelevant features under a specified parameter setting. Ten‐fold leave‐one‐out cross‐validation and the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve are both adopted in the experiments to evaluate the performance of the proposed method. The areas under curve of is achieved when the support vector machine classifier is trained on the features determined by the proposed feature selection strategy. The experimental results demonstrate that the presented approach is potentially valuable for lung cancer diagnosis.
Deep residual refining based pseudo‐multi‐frame network for effective single image super‐resolution
Authors: Mei Kangfu , Jiang Aiwen , Li Juncheng , Liu Bo , Ye Jihua , Wang Mingwen
Published: December 2018

Single image super‐resolution (SISR) has gained great attraction and progress in recent years. Since the SISR is an ill‐posed inverse problem, most researchers are concentrated on making efforts to learn effective and reasonable mapping functions from low‐resolution observation to its potential high‐resolution (HR) counterpart. In this study, the authors have proposed a deep residual refining based pseudo‐multi‐frame network for efficient SISR. A channel‐wise attention mechanism is employed for residual refinement. It can ease residual learning process through explicitly modelling non‐linear dependencies between channels by using global information embedding. Multiple potential HRs from different deconvolutional layers are further artificially learned, and then adaptively fused into final desired HR image. The authors call this strategy as pseudo‐multi‐frame SR. It could make full use of available redundant information possessed in hierarchical layers. They have evaluated the proposed network on several popular benchmark datasets. The experimental results have shown that the two highlights proposed can consistently boost final performance. The proposed network can outperform most of the state‐of‐the‐art methods with acceptable less parameters.
Modified tropical algebra based median filter for removing salt and pepper noise in digital image
Authors: Abdurrazzaq Achmad , Mohd Ismail , Junoh Ahmad Kadri , Yahya Zainab
Published: December 2018

Noise is the information damage that may occur in the image due to the changes in information during the transmission process. In order to overcome these problems, it is necessary to do filtering process on the image. Until now many filtering algorithms have been proposed to remove noise. Most existing methods only work for low level noise. In this study, the authors proposed an efficient and easy‐to‐understand filtering algorithm using the concept of tropical algebra and singular value decomposition (SVD). The SVD will be used to detect noise in 3 × 3 templates. Furthermore, if noise is detected then new pixels will be obtained by using the concept of tropical operations. The results of this study show that the proposed method provides better results from the existing methods in terms of quantitative and visual.
Analysis of textured silicone rubber performance under contaminated conditions
Authors: Boulanouar Hasna , Bayadi Abdelhafid , Haddad Abderrahmane
Published: December 2018

Electric field analysis around high‐voltage insulators is with an extreme importance during the development of new polymeric insulators design. In this study, the authors combine the finite‐element method (FEM) with the design of experiment method to investigate and describe the behaviour of textured silicone rubber insulators. First, a 3D FEM model of different silicone textured surfaces is developed. The maximum electric field is calculated taking into account various available patterns of hemispherical protuberance having different diameters. Then the design of experiment methodology is adopted to reduce the number of simulations and to give more significance to the results. Various influencing factors were considered in this stage. Finally, the analysis of variance is used to evaluate the contribution of the studied factors and their interaction on the total variation of the studied responses.
Corona characteristics of conductor with TiO2 hydrophilic film subjected to DC high voltage
Authors: Bian Xingming , Lin Yaoyu , Pi Xinan , Lu Tiebing , Xu Feifei , Li Haibing , Ma Yanxiang
Published: December 2018

Water drops on the surface of conductors influence the ambient electric fields and decrease corona inception voltage. A conductor coated with TiO2 film was developed to prevent effects of droplets. The corona inception voltage of conductors in different conditions was measured. The experiments were designed to study effects of three factors including UV‐light, the position of water drops, and mass fraction of TiO2 on corona discharge. The influences on the three factors to the corona inception discharge were summarised. Different processes of corona occurred when a water drop on upper or lower surface of the conductor. The contact angle is smaller when the conductor is coated with the paint containing TiO2 because TiO2 is hydrophilic under UV‐light. UV‐light can improve TiO2 's hydrophilia. The ingredients of the paint are insulated. These ingredients prevent the adsorption of space charge and enlarge ionisation layers, thus the corona discharge will be restrained. With the increase of TiO2 's mass fraction under the UV‐light, the impact of water drops to discharge is further inhibited and the corona inception discharge voltage is increased.
Pulse frequency modulation and unilateral dual‐phase‐shift hybrid control strategy for bidirectional full‐bridge LLC resonant converter
Authors: Zhang Fengyi , Wang Yubin , Wang Fan , Teng Changpeng
Published: December 2018

Bidirectional LLC resonant converter has been popular in applications such as electric vehicle, energy storage system and uninterruptible power supply for its good soft‐switching characteristics. A novel control strategy combined pulse frequency modulation (PFM) with unilateral dual‐phase‐shift (DPS) control is proposed in this work. By controlling the switches in the converter, the forward buck mode operation can be realised under PFM control, as well as the backward boost mode operation can be realised under unilateral DPS control; therefore, the bidirectional power flow and zero‐voltage‐switching of all switches can be realised; thus, the efficiency of the converter is improved. The detailed operation principle, control strategies, voltage gain expression, soft‐switching characteristics and design of parameters are analysed. The feasibility of PFM‐DPS control is finally verified by PSIM simulation and prototype experimental results.
Calculation and control of DC bias current distribution in an AC power system around a typical ±800 kV DC grounding electrode
Authors: Wu Fangjie , Yu Shifeng , Zhao Zheng , Quan Wanlin
Published: December 2018

When the ultra‐high‐voltage direct current (UHVDC) transmission system operates in a monopolar ground return mode, an enormous DC current flows into earth via the DC grounding electrode in the converter station and then comes into the AC system around the converter station through the neutral earthed transformers, which will cause DC bias in AC systems and harm the transformers' safe operation. In this study, the DC current distribution in the AC systems around the Linyi converter station of the Shanghaimiao‐to‐Shandong UHVDC Transmission Project was studied. Based on the direct field‐circuit coupled method, the DC bias calculation model was established in CDEGS. By using the model, the DC potential in the earth and the DC current distribution in the AC systems were calculated. Then, the DC current distribution in the AC systems was calculated and analysed after adopting a blocking capacitor and a resistor limiting method in a comprehensive way, and the effect of this controlling method was evaluated further. The research results have some practical engineering guiding significance for solving the DC bias problem of AC systems around the UHVDC grounding electrode.
Arc extinction of DC side low‐voltage breaker of charging device for battery pack in power plant based on insulated‐gate bipolar transistor module series technology
Authors: Yao Fang , Zhao Wangwang , Wang Jie , Li Zhigang
Published: December 2018

The 110 V lead‐acid battery pack is widely used as the DC power supply for the load control of power plants. If the low‐voltage DC circuit breaker (LVDCCB) at the DC side of its charging device cannot operate in time when the fault current is flowing in charging loop, there will be of harmfulness to the safety and the durability of the battery pack. The plasma theory is applied to analyse the arc mechanism based on the voltage, the current and the power waveform of LVDCCB when it breaking. Then, an arc extinction is developed by assembling an additional device to LVDCCB. The device, connected to the contacts of LVDCCB, includes an insulated‐gate bipolar transistor series branch, an energy‐absorbing branch, a transfer switches branch, and a drive circuit. The test shows that the break time of LVDCCB, assembled with the additional device, is significantly shortened than that of the original.
Research and application of assembly test platform for outdoor installation protection
Authors: Song Shuang , Xu Pei‐dong , Bu Qiangsheng , Yang Yi , Gao Lei
Published: December 2018

Standardised and miniaturised outdoor installation protection is the development trend of relay protection in AC transmission power grid, which has the advantages of saving investment, promoting reliability, and reducing on‐site workload. To realise fully functional and efficient automatic closed‐loop detection of outdoor protection is of great significance. In this study, key technology of assembly line automatic detection and its platform construction method including hardware and software is firstly proposed. Furthermore, overall design idea, system structure, and core detection procedure of assembly test platform are discussed and then some key technology such as QR code intelligent scanning, automatic transmission and loading, design of general detection template, and information mapping correlation method are introduced in detail. Besides, this automatic detection system initially realises the function to simulate the actual operation data under prototype environment. The application of this new technology can meet the needs of popularisation and application of outdoor installation protection and establish foundation for the mode of ‘factory assembly test and on‐site replacement maintenance’ for relay protection in future.
Design of composite right/left-handed transmission line for phase shifter of multi-band base station antenna
Authors: Michishita Naobumi , Yamada Yoshihide , Cho Keizo
Published: December 2018

In multi-band base station antennas, interference toward neighboring cells at low operating frequency in-creases since tilting angle is frequency-independent and beamwidth in the vertical plane increases as de-creasing the operating frequency. In this paper, the realization of the different phase shifts at each frequency is proposed by using the dispersion relation of the composite right/left-handed transmission line. The feasi-bility of the phase shift is clarified by using equivalent circuit model of the unit cell. Next, the dispersion and Bloch impedance of the actual configuration of the unit cell are designed. The inverse phase shift at each frequency is verified experimentally.
Gesundheitszustand, Inanspruchnahme von Gesundheitsleistungen und Einstellung zur Rückkehr ins Erwerbsleben bei zeitlich befristeten Erwerbsminderungsrentnern
Authors: Briest Juliane
Published: December 2018

Ziel der Studie Ziel der Studie war eine träger- und diagnosenübergreifende, repräsentative Erhebung zu soziodemografischen Aspekten, Gesundheitszustand, Inanspruchnahme von Gesundheitsleistungen und Einstellung zur Rückkehr ins Erwerbsleben (RTW) bei aufgrund einer Erwerbsminderung (EM) berenteten Versicherten.

Methodik 15.110 erstmalig und unabhängig vom Arbeitsmarkt befristete EM-Rentner im Alter von 30 bis 60 Jahre wurden zum Ende ihres ersten Bewilligungszeitraums schriftlich befragt. Diese Daten wurden durch Routinedaten der Rentenversicherungen ergänzt. Deskriptive Auswertungen erfolgten getrennt für die 4 häufigsten Berentungsdiagnosen (Psychische Störungen, Neubildungen, muskuloskelettale Erkrankungen, Krankheiten des Kreislaufsystems). Mögliche Gruppenunterschiede wurden mittels einfaktorieller Varianzanalyse bzw. Chi-Quadrat-Test geprüft.

Ergebnisse 3 380 Befragte wurden in die Analysen eingeschlossen. Auch am Ende ihres ersten Bewilligungszeitraums zeigten sich diese Versicherten gesundheitlich stark eingeschränkt. Während des Rentenbezugs erhielten 36,8% der Rentner mit einer psychischen Störung eine medizinische Rehaleistung, Leistungen zur Teilhabe am Arbeitsleben wurden am ehesten Versicherten mit einer muskuloskelettalen Erkrankung gewährt (8,1%). Knapp ein Drittel der Befragten äußerte den Wunsch für ein RTW, die eigene Arbeitsfähigkeit sowie die Möglichkeit einen Arbeitsplatz zu finden, wurden jedoch eher pessimistisch gewertet. EM-Rentner mit Neubildungen zeigten hinsichtlich verschiedener gesundheitsrelevanter Aspekte sowie der Bewertung des RTW günstigere Werte als die Vergleichsgruppen.

Schlussfolgerung Die Ergebnisse verdeutlichen, dass das mit der Befristung der EM-Rente verknüpfte Ziel der Wiederherstellung der Erwerbsfähigkeit nur unzureichend realisiert wird. Aufgrund der vielschichtigen und individuellen Problematiken bedarf es der Ausgestaltung neuer Angebote unter Einbeziehung der verschiedenen Akteure der Sozial- und Gesundheitssysteme.
Ph3P/I–-Promoted Dichlorination or Dibromination of Epoxides with XCH2CH2X (X = Cl or Br)
Authors: Lin Jin-Hong , Zheng Xing , Xiao Ji-Chang , Long Jin , Chen Jia , Li Rong , Liu Zhuo , Xiao Xuan
Published: December 2018

Ph3P/I–-promoted dichlorination and dibromination of epoxides by using XCH2CH2X (X = Cl or Br) as the halogen source and reaction solvent is described. All reagents are widely available and easy to handle, and mild conditions and operational simplicity make this protocol attractive.
An Efficient Catalytic Amidation of Esters Promoted by N-Heterocyclic Carbenes
Authors: Chen Ling-Yan , Wu Mei-Fang
Published: December 2018

An efficient NHC-catalyzed amidation between esters and amines or hydrazines is described. This strategy was tolerant for a wide scope of substrates, affording a series of amides (or hydrazides) in good to excellent yields (60–96%) under simple conditions. The approach was also used to synthesize the pharmaceutically relevant antidepressant moclobemide in 85% yield.
Visible-Light-Induced Decarboxylative C–H Adamantylation of Azoles at Ambient Temperature
Authors: Koeller Julian , Gandeepan Parthasarathy , Ackermann Lutz
Published: December 2018

The visible-light-promoted oxidant-free decarboxylative C–H adamantylation of azoles was accomplished under ambient reaction conditions. The novel acridinium photocatalyst and cobalt synergistic catalysis enabled the C–H adamantylation under oxidant-free reaction conditions. This C–H adamantylation strategy proved viable for a wide range of substituted azoles, including benzothiazole, benzoxazole, and benzimidazoles as well as caffeine derivatives, providing an expedient access to 2-adamantyl-substituted azoles.
A Convenient Protocol for the Synthesis of Fatty Acid Amides
Authors: Nolsøe Jens , Johansson Silje , Johannessen Tonje , Ellefsen Christiane , Ristun Mali , Antonsen Simen , Hansen Trond , Stenstrøm Yngve
Published: December 2018

Several classes of biologically occurring fatty acid amides have been reported from mammalian and plant sources. Many amides conjugated with fatty acids of mammalian origin exhibit specific activation of individual receptors. Their potential as pharmacological tools or as lead compounds towards the development of novel therapeutics is of great interest. Hence, access to such amides by a practical, high-yielding and scalable protocol without affecting the geometry or position of sensitive functionalities is needed. A protocol that meets all these requirements involves activation of the corresponding acid with carbonyl diimidazole (CDI) followed by reaction with the desired amine or its hydrochloride. More than fifty compounds have been prepared in generally high yields.
Catalyst-Free Synthesis of Aminals from Indole-Derived α,α-Di­cyanoolefins
Authors: Cui Hai-Lei , Shi Yin , Deng Hui-Qing , Lei Jin-Ju , Xu Xing-Jie , Tian Xu , Qiao Jie , Zhou Lin
Published: December 2018

We have developed an efficient synthesis of indole fused aminals with nucleophilic imines and indole-derived α,α-dicyanoolefins via N-sulfonyl group transfer. The combination of two privileged frameworks, tetrahydroisoquinoline or tetrahydro-β-carboline and indole, can be realized by this approach to the construction of aminals. The synthetic application of this method was further demonstrated by the straightforward transformations into highly functionalized aminals possessing carbonyl groups through oxidative cleavage of the nitrile moiety.