bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Kosten-Erlös-Aspekte der endovaskulären Versorgung distaler Aortenbogenpathologien im Hinblick auf die Einführung einer neuen thorakalen Seitenarmprothese
Authors: Bischoff Moritz S. , Skrypnik Denis , Fiori Wolfgang , Schöffski Oliver , Böckler Dittmar
Published: March 2024

Hintergrund

Das gefäßchirurgische Standardverfahren (SV) für die Versorgung distaler Aortenbogenpathologien ist ein Hybridengriff aus linksseitigem karotidosubklavialem Bypass und thorakaler endovaskulärer Aortenreparatur. Vor dem Hintergrund der Einführung einer thorakalen Seitenarmprothese (TBE) war das Ziel dieser Arbeit eine Analyse der Kosten-Erlös-Aspekte beider Verfahren.

Material und Methoden

Es erfolgte eine retrospektive Aufarbeitung von Fällen, die 2017 bis 2022 mittels SV operiert wurden. Um Rückschlüsse auf den Einsatz der TBE vornehmen zu können, wurden für die Erlösberechnungen Hauptdiagnosen und Prozeduren des SV anhand aktueller Klassifikationen (ICD/OPS 2023) rekodiert und nach aG-DRG 2023 neugruppiert. Für die Modellierung der TBE-Erlöse erfolgte eine OPS-Änderung und Neugruppierung.

Ergebnisse

Es konnten 13 Fälle identifiziert werden (mittleres Alter: 62,5 ± 13,8 Jahre; 10 Männer). Nach Neugruppierung lagen folgende DRGs vor: F42Z in n = 5, F51A in n = 4, F08B in n = 2 sowie F07A und F36B in je n = 1. Der Gesamterlös nach Neugruppierung betrug 666.514,13 €, inklusive Zusatzentgelt (ZE) von 132.729,14 €. Bei modellierter TBE-Anwendung wurde ein Gesamterlös von 659.212,19 € erzielt. Im Vergleich zum SV entspricht dies einem Erlösrückgang um 16.886,71 € (geänderte DRG), bei jedoch um 65.559,78 € steigenden ZE-Erlösen (unterschiedliche ZE). Bei TBE-Anwendung können 74 Belegungstage, davon 13,5 Intensivstationsbelegungstage, eingespart werden.

Schlussfolgerung

Eine Kostenüberdeckung erscheint bei Verfahrenswechsel wahrscheinlich – trotz noch nicht geklärter Bepreisung der TBE. Dies ist, bei sich jährlich ändernden DRG-Relativgewichten, in hohem Maße abhängig von der Kodierqualität und der zukünftigen Entwicklung der ZE. Für deren Festsetzung wird eine präzise und transparente Leistungs- und Kostenerfassung benötigt.
Ergebnisse einer deutschlandweiten Weiterbildungsbefragung in der Kinder- und Jugendmedizin – „Das System sieht gar nicht vor, dass Zeit geopfert wird für Weiterbildung“
Authors: Kerth Janna-Lina , Obitz Jonas , Eckhardt Iris
Published: March 2024

Hintergrund

Die Kinder- und Jugendmedizin ist eines der größten Fachgebiete in Deutschland. Mit der Weiterbildungsordnung von 2018 wird ein Fokus auf Kompetenzen gelegt, die Weiterbildungsstrukturen sind jedoch weiterhin sehr heterogen.

Ziel der Arbeit

Der vorliegende Artikel vergleicht die Weiterbildungsbefragungen von 2019 und 2023 insbesondere im Hinblick auf die Entwicklung der Weiterbildungsqualität, der Arbeitsbelastung und der beruflichen Gratifikationskrisen.

Material und Methoden

Es wurde eine anonyme webbasierte Umfrage mittels eines an andere Weiterbildungsbefragungen angelehnten Fragebogens durchgeführt. Die Ergebnisse wurden statistisch mit GraphPad Prism und mittels qualitativer Inhaltsanalyse ausgewertet.

Ergebnisse

Die Rücklaufquoten betrugen 31 % bzw. 16 %, wobei die Kohorten in ihrer Zusammensetzung vergleichbar waren. Die Kohorte 2023 berichtete über eine geringere Arbeitszufriedenheit, das Ausmaß der beruflichen Gratifikationskrise war jedoch im Vergleich zu 2019 geringer. Die Arbeitsbelastung nahm deutlich zu. Die Befragten schätzten die Qualität der Krankenversorgung als schlechter werdend ein.

Diskussion

Die Ergebnisse unterstreichen die Herausforderungen einer guten Weiterbildung im klinischen und im praktischen Alltag, die jedoch die Grundlage für eine qualitativ hochwertige medizinische Versorgung von Kindern und Jugendlichen darstellt. Hierfür müssen flächendeckend strukturierte Curricula implementiert, die strukturellen Arbeitsbedingungen verbessert und Weiterbildung adäquat finanziert werden, um dem bestehenden Mangel an Ärztinnen und Ärzten, den psychischen und physischen Belastungen der Kinder- und Jugendärztinnen und der Verschlechterung der medizinischen Versorgung entgegenzuwirken.
Unveiling the repressive mechanism of a PPS-like regulator (PspR) in polyhydroxyalkanoates biosynthesis network
Authors: Chen Junyu , Cui Yinglu , Zhang Shengjie , Wu Bian , Han Jing , Xiang Hua
Published: March 2024

Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV) is a type of polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) that exhibits numerous outstanding properties and is naturally synthesized and elaborately regulated in various microorganisms. However, the regulatory mechanism involving the specific regulator PhaR in Haloferax mediterranei, a major PHBV production model among Haloarchaea, is not well understood. In our previous study, we showed that deletion of the phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) synthetase-like (pps-like) gene activates the cryptic phaC genes in H. mediterranei, resulting in enhanced PHBV accumulation. In this study, we demonstrated the specific function of the PPS-like protein as a negative regulator of phaR gene expression and PHBV synthesis. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP), in situ fluorescence reporting system, and in vitro electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) showed that the PPS-like protein can bind to the promoter region of phaRP. Computational modeling revealed a high structural similarity between the rifampin phosphotransferase (RPH) protein and the PPS-like protein, which has a conserved ATP-binding domain, a His domain, and a predicted DNA-binding domain. Key residues within this unique DNA-binding domain were subsequently validated through point mutation and functional evaluations. Based on these findings, we concluded that PPS-like protein, which we now renamed as PspR, has evolved into a repressor capable of regulating the key regulator PhaR, and thereby modulating PHBV synthesis. This regulatory network (PspR-PhaR) for PHA biosynthesis is likely widespread among haloarchaea, providing a novel approach to manipulate haloarchaea as a production platform for high-yielding PHA.

Key points

• The repressive mechanism of a novel inhibitor PspR in the PHBV biosynthesis was demonstrated

• PspR is widespread among the PHA accumulating haloarchaea

• It is the first report of functional conversion from an enzyme to a trans-acting regulator in haloarchaea
Modified Valente Technique for Cauliflower Ear: Outcomes in Children at Two-Year Follow-Up
Authors: D’Ascanio Luca , Gostoli Eleonora , Ricci Giampietro , De Luca Pietro , Latini Gino , Brenner Michael J , Di Stadio Arianna
Published: March 2024

Background

Cauliflower ear deformity, a common sequela of auricular trauma, presents an esthetic and reconstructive challenge. Existing surgical techniques have limitations, including complexity, donor site morbidity, and variable long-term outcomes.

Materials and Methods

In this case series, we present a novel and minimally invasive surgical approach for the correction of cauliflower ear deformity that adapts the Valente otoplasty technique; it combines cartilage debulking with helical rim release and Mustardé mattress stitches to restore ear contour and reduce the risk of recurrence. The procedural steps include bielliptic post-auricular skin and soft tissue incision, release of the cartilaginous spring, removal of excess fibrocartilaginous tissue, cartilage reshaping with suture to restore contour, and tissue redistribution to promote adherence of skin to the cartilage framework.

Results

Outcomes were evaluated in 7 patients (9 ears) with cauliflower ear deformity, assessing surgical duration, complications, patient satisfaction, and esthetic outcomes at two years after surgery. The mean surgical duration per patient was 52 ± 17 minutes, including 2 bilateral procedures. Follow-up at 24 months showed favorable esthetic outcome in all patients with sustained improvements in auricular contour and symmetry with neither loss of the shape nor recurrence of deformity. Patients reported high satisfaction and improved quality of life, with mean Glasgow Children Benefit Questionnaire scores of 99.3 ± 6.3.

Conclusions

This technique thus demonstrated lasting correction of cauliflower ear with favorable cosmetic outcomes, low risk of complications, and high patient satisfaction. Further investigations and longer-term follow-up are warranted to validate the technique's durability and expand its application to older and more diverse patient populations.

Level of Evidence IV

This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these evidence-based medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266.
Custom-Made Implant Fabrication for Chin Augmentation Using Piled-Up Expanded Polytetrafluoroethylene Sheets: An Innovative Surgical Technique and Literature Review
Authors: Guo Jing-Song , Ng Kwan Lok Benjamin , Lee Su-Shin , Lai Ya-Wei , Wu Yi-Chia
Published: March 2024

Background

Alloplastic chin augmentation is the most common esthetic surgical treatment to reshape the chin. However, factory-made chin implants are typically standardized rather than custom-made and have potential to cause complications. Although the fabrication of custom-made implants by using computer-assisted planning and 3D-printing technology has become widespread, the process has several disadvantages, including long preoperative prosthesis preparation times, high costs, and unsuitability for patients with asymmetric chins or those who undergo combined mandibuloplasty before implant placement. The present study developed an innovative chin augmentation technique involving stacked expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (e-PTFE) sheets that is suitable for most patients and has minimal side effects.

Materials and Methods

A retrospective review of a single surgeon’s experience was performed over a 2 year period for patients who underwent a procedure involving piled-up e-PTFE sheets for alloplastic chin augmentation. This study analyzed the outcomes, complications (temporary nerve numbness, wound infection, hematoma formation, and implant displacement), and patient satisfaction during follow-up.

Results

Between January 2018 and December 2020, 38 patients underwent the procedure involving piled-up e-PTFE sheets for alloplastic chin augmentation. Six patients (15.8%) experienced nerve-related temporary numbness, and one (2.6%) experienced wound infection. None had developed major complications such as implant displacement or wound infection at follow-up. Moreover, the patients demonstrated a high level of satisfaction with the surgical results.

Conclusion

Piled-up e-PTFE sheets can be used to produce custom-fit porous polyethylene chin implants that result in minimal complications and a very high satisfaction rate.

Level of Evidence IV

This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266.
Crop bioengineering via gene editing: reshaping the future of agriculture
Authors: Atia Mohamed , Jiang Wenjun , Sedeek Khalid , Butt Haroon , Mahfouz Magdy
Published: March 2024

Genome-editing technologies have revolutionized research in plant biology, with major implications for agriculture and worldwide food security, particularly in the face of challenges such as climate change and increasing human populations. Among these technologies, clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats [CRISPR]–CRISPR-associated protein [Cas] systems are now widely used for editing crop plant genomes. In this review, we provide an overview of CRISPR–Cas technology and its most significant applications for improving crop sustainability. We also review current and potential technological advances that will aid in the future breeding of crops to enhance food security worldwide. Finally, we discuss the obstacles and challenges that must be overcome to realize the maximum potential of genome-editing technologies for future crop and food production.
An heuristic scree plot criterion for the number of factors
Authors: Reijer Ard H. J. den , Otter Pieter W. , Jacobs Jan P. A. M.
Published: March 2024

Cattel’s (Multivar Behav Res 1:245–276, 1966) heuristic determines the number of factors as the elbow point between ‘steep’ and ‘not steep’ in the scree plot. In contrast, an elbow is by definition absent in points on a hyberbole with corresponding equisized surfaces. We formalize this heuristic and propose a criterion to determine the number of factors by comparing surfaces under the scree plot. Monte Carlo simulations shows that the finite-sample properties of our proposed criterion outperform benchmarks in the dynamic factor model literature.
Chromosomal microarray testing yield in 829 cases of microcephaly: a clinical characteristics-based analysis for prenatal and postnatal cases
Authors: Sukenik-Halevy Rivka , Mevorach Nir , Basel-Salmon Lina , Matar Reut Tomashov , Kahana Sarit , Klein Kochav , Agmon-Fishman Ifaat , Levy Michal , Maya Idit
Published: March 2024

Introduction

Microcephaly, characterized by abnormal head growth, can often serve as an initial indicator of congenital, genetic, or acquired disorders. In this study, we sought to evaluate the effectiveness of chromosomal microarray (CMA) testing in detecting abnormalities in both prenatal and postnatal cases of microcephaly.

Materials and methods

CMA Testing: We conducted CMA testing on 87 prenatally-detected microcephaly cases and 742 postnatal cases at a single laboratory. We evaluated the CMA yield in relation to specific clinical characteristics.

Results

In prenatal cases, pathogenic and likely pathogenic (LP) results were identified in 4.6% of cases, a significantly higher rate compared to low-risk pregnancies. The male-to-female ratio in this cohort was 3, and the CMA yield was not influenced by gender or other clinical parameters. For postnatal cases, the CMA yield was 15.0%, with a significantly higher detection rate associated with dysmorphism, hypotonia, epilepsy, congenital heart malformations (CHM), learning disabilities (LD), and a history of Fetal growth restriction (FGR). No specific recurrent copy number variations (CNVs) were observed, and the rate of variants of unknown significance was 3.9%.

Conclusions

The yield of CMA testing in prenatal microcephaly is lower than in postnatal cases (4.6% vs. 15%). The presence of microcephaly, combined with dysmorphism, hypotonia, epilepsy, CHD, LD, and FGR, significantly increases the likelihood of an abnormal CMA result.
Does overweight and obesity have an impact on delivery mode and peripartum outcome in breech presentation? A FRABAT cohort study
Authors: Jennewein Lukas , Agel Lena , Hoock Samira Catharina , Hentrich Anna Elisabeth , Louwen Frank , Zander Nadja
Published: March 2024

Purpose

Obesity is a worldwide and growing issue affecting women in childbearing age, complicating surgical procedures as well as pregnancy. Through a reduction of not necessarily required cesarean deliveries—for instance in pregnancies with breech presentation—obesity mediated and surgery-associated morbidity might be contained. Date on the impact of maternal BMI in vaginally attempted breech delivery is not existing. To give insight into whether an elevated BMI leads to an increased perinatal morbidity in vaginally intended deliveries out of breech presentation, we analyzed delivery outcome of laboring women with a singleton baby in breech presentation with overweight and obesity (BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2) in comparison to women with a BMI of below 25 kg/m2.

Methods

Based on data from January 2004 to December 2020, a cohort study was performed on 1641 women presenting with breech presentation at term (> 37 weeks). The influence of maternal BMI on perinatal outcome was analyzed with Chi2 testing for group differences and logistic regression analysis. Patients with a hyperglycemic metabolism were excluded from the study.

Results

Fetal morbidity was not different when patients with a BMI of ≥ 25 kg/m2 (PREMODA morbidity score 2.16%) were compared to patients with a BMI of below 25 kg/m2 (1.97%, p = 0.821). Cesarean delivery rates were significantly higher in overweight and obese women with 43.9% compared to 29.3% (p < 0.0001). BMI and cesarean delivery were significantly associated in a logistic regression analysis (Chi2 coefficient 18.05, p < 0.0001). In successful vaginal deliveries out of breech presentation, maternal perineal injury rates (vaginal birth in normal-BMI women 48.4%; vaginal birth in overweight and obese women: 44.2%; p = 0.273) and rates of manually assisted delivery (vaginal birth in normal-BMI women: 44.4%; vaginal birth in obese and overweight women: 44.2%; p = 0.958) were not different between BMI groups.

Conclusions

Obesity and overweight are not associated with peripartum maternal or newborn morbidity in vaginally attempted breech delivery, if the patient cohort is thoroughly selected and vaginal breech delivery is in an upright maternal position. Reduction of cesarean delivery rates, especially in overweight and obese women might, have an important positive impact on maternal and newborn morbidity.
Maternal obesity and placental function: impaired maternal–fetal axis
Authors: Louwen Frank , Kreis Nina-Naomi , Ritter Andreas , Yuan Juping
Published: March 2024

The prevalence of maternal obesity rapidly increases, which represents a major public health concern worldwide. Maternal obesity is characteristic by metabolic dysfunction and chronic inflammation. It is associated with health problems in both mother and offspring. Increasing evidence indicates that the placenta is an axis connecting maternal obesity with poor outcomes in the offspring. In this brief review, we have summarized the current data regarding deregulated placental function in maternal obesity. The data show that maternal obesity induces numerous placental defects, including lipid and glucose metabolism, stress response, inflammation, immune regulation and epigenetics. These placental defects affect each other and result in a stressful intrauterine environment, which transduces and mediates the adverse effects of maternal obesity to the fetus. Further investigations are required to explore the exact molecular alterations in the placenta in maternal obesity, which may pave the way to develop specific interventions for preventing epigenetic and metabolic programming in the fetus.
Robotic-assisted surgery for left-sided colon and rectal resections is associated with reduction in the postoperative surgical stress response and improved short-term outcomes: a cohort study
Authors: Ingham Abigail R. , Kong Chia Yew , Wong Tin-Ning , McSorley Stephen T. , McMillan Donald C. , Nicholson Gary A. , Alani Ahmed , Mansouri David , Chong David , MacKay Graham J. , Roxburgh Campbell S. D.
Published: March 2024

Introduction

There is growing evidence that the use of robotic-assisted surgery (RAS) in colorectal cancer resections is associated with improved short-term outcomes when compared to laparoscopic surgery (LS) or open surgery (OS), possibly through a reduced systemic inflammatory response (SIR). Serum C-reactive protein (CRP) is a sensitive SIR biomarker and its utility in the early identification of post-operative complications has been validated in a variety of surgical procedures. There remains a paucity of studies characterising post-operative SIR in RAS.

Methods

Retrospective study of a prospectively collected database of consecutive patients undergoing OS, LS and RAS for left-sided and rectal cancer in a single high-volume unit. Patient and disease characteristics, post-operative CRP levels, and clinical outcomes were reviewed, and their relationships explored within binary logistic regression and propensity scores matched models.

Results

A total of 1031 patients were included (483 OS, 376 LS, and 172 RAS). RAS and LS were associated with lower CRP levels across the first 4 post-operative days (p < 0.001) as well as reduced complications and length of stay compared to OS in unadjusted analyses.

In binary logistic regression models, RAS was independently associated with lower CRP levels at Day 3 post-operatively (OR 0.35, 95% CI 0.21–0.59, p < 0.001) and a reduction in the rate of all complications (OR 0.39, 95% CI 0.26–0.56, p < 0.001) and major complications (OR 0.5, 95% CI 0.26–0.95, p = 0.036).

Within a propensity scores matched model comparing LS versus RAS specifically, RAS was associated with lower post-operative CRP levels in the first two post-operative days, a lower proportion of patients with a CRP ≥ 150 mg/L at Day 3 (20.9% versus 30.5%, p = 0.036) and a lower rate of all complications (34.7% versus 46.7%, p = 0.033).

Conclusions

The present observational study shows that an RAS approach was associated with lower postoperative SIR, and a better postoperative complications profile.
Crack nucleation in heterogeneous bars: h- and p-FEM of a phase field model
Authors: Levy Maxime , Vicentini Francesco , Yosibash Zohar
Published: March 2024

Failure initiation and subsequent crack trajectory in heterogeneous materials, such as functionally graded materials and bones, are yet insufficiently addressed. The AT1 phase field model (PFM) is investigated herein in a 1D setting, imposing challenges and opportunities when discretized by h- and p-finite element (FE) methods. We derive explicit PFM solutions to a heterogeneous bar in tension considering heterogeneous E(x) and $$G_{Ic}(x)$$

G

Ic

(
x
)

, necessary for verification of the FE approximations. $$G_{Ic}(x)$$

G

Ic

(
x
)

corrections accounting for the element size at the damage zone in h-FEMs are suggested to account for the peak stress underestimation. p-FEMs do not require any such corrections. We also derive and validate penalty coefficient for heterogeneous domains to enforce damage positivity and irreversibility via penalization. Numerical examples are provided, demonstrating that p-FEMs exhibit faster convergence rates comparing to classical h-FEMs. The new insights are encouraging towards p-FEM discretization in a 3D setting to allow an accurate prediction of failure initiation in human bones.
From test to rest: evaluating socioeconomic differences along the COVID-19 care pathway in the Netherlands
Authors: Meulman Iris , Uiters Ellen , Cloin Mariëlle , Struijs Jeroen , Polder Johan , Stadhouders Niek
Published: March 2024

Introduction

The COVID-19 pandemic exacerbated healthcare needs and caused excess mortality, especially among lower socioeconomic groups. This study describes the emergence of socioeconomic differences along the COVID-19 pathway of testing, healthcare use and mortality in the Netherlands.

Methodology

This retrospective observational Dutch population-based study combined individual-level registry data from June 2020 to December 2020 on personal socioeconomic characteristics, COVID-19 administered tests, test results, general practitioner (GP) consultations, hospital admissions, Intensive Care Unit (ICU) admissions and mortality. For each outcome measure, relative differences between income groups were estimated using log-link binomial regression models. Furthermore, regression models explained socioeconomic differences in COVID-19 mortality by differences in ICU/hospital admissions, test administration and test results.

Results

Among the Dutch population, the lowest income group had a lower test probability (RR = 0.61) and lower risk of testing positive (RR = 0.77) compared to the highest income group. However, among individuals with at least one administered COVID-19 test, the lowest income group had a higher risk of testing positive (RR = 1.40). The likelihood of hospital admissions and ICU admissions were higher for low income groups (RR = 2.11 and RR = 2.46, respectively). The lowest income group had an almost four times higher risk of dying from COVID-19 (RR = 3.85), which could partly be explained by a higher risk of hospitalization and ICU admission, rather than differences in test administration or result.

Discussion

Our findings indicated that socioeconomic differences became more pronounced at each step of the care pathway, culminating to a large gap in mortality. This underlines the need for enhancing social security and well-being policies and incorporation of health equity in pandemic preparedness plans.
Harvesting connections: the role of stakeholders’ network structure, dynamics and actors’ influence in shaping farmers’ markets
Authors: Monticone Francesca , Samoggia Antonella , Specht Kathrin , Schröter Barbara , Rossi Giulia , Wissman Anna , Bertazzoli Aldo
Published: March 2024

Farmers’ markets (FMs) represent a crucial player in urban food systems, being the interconnection of local agricultural production and consumption, and serving as spaces for both economic exchange and community building. Despite their transformative potential, there is a scarcity of research that comprehensively investigates the dynamics of FMs network structure and the influence of the actors shaping FMs. The present article delves into the network of relationships within FMs in the Italian city of Bologna. This study adopts the Social Network Analysis (SNA) methodology applied with the Net-Map tool. The research objectives are to visualise the underlying network structure, map the dynamics, and identify the key actors who play pivotal roles in Bologna’s FMs and their level of influence. The research carried out interviews with ten FMs stakeholders, revealing the network of relationships between 54 actors, divided into three categories—civil society, food economy and public administration. Actors were linked by a total of 428 relationships across three types of networks: support, economic, and hindering. Findings indicate a strong support network structure characterised by varying degrees of centrality among different actors. Farmers emerge as a central node due to their pivotal role in providing fresh, local produce. Additionally, local institutions contribute significantly to FMs resilience and growth. Our research demonstrates the importance of recognising the embeddedness of FMs within the local context. By understanding the network structure and influential actors in FMs, policymakers can devise more effective policies for promoting local agriculture, and enhancing the sustainability of urban–rural exchanges. In conclusion, the present study offers valuable insights into the network dynamics of FMs, highlighting their crucial role in the sustainable development of urban and local food systems.
Design and management of humanitarian supply chains for pandemics: lessons from COVID-19
Authors: Dubey Rameshwar , Bryde David J. , Foropon Cyril
Published: March 2024

The COVID-19 pandemic has been an unprecedented challenge for humanity, causing widespread disruptions to daily life and economies worldwide. However, amidst the challenges, it has also presented an opportunity to reflect on our competencies, capabilities, and objectives. One area that has gained significant attention during this time is the humanitarian supply chain management theories, which offered significant directions to the scholars engaged in operations and supply chain management, practitioners and policymakers. To further advance the theoretical boundaries of the humanitarian supply chain and expand the scope and boundaries of the discipline, a special issue has been organised. This issue includes 24 carefully selected articles that have gone through multiple rounds of review. The articles are all centred on the humanitarian crisis resulting from COVID-19 and offer a comprehensive understanding of the challenges faced by various stakeholders. Additionally, one relevant article from a previous issue has been included, which explores the potential use of drones in disaster relief operations. The articles included in this special issue have significant implications for theory, practice, and policy, providing valuable insights and direction for further research to expand the scope of the discipline. This particular issue is a crucial contribution to humanitarian supply chain management. It provides a deeper understanding of the complex challenges faced during a crisis and the best practices to overcome them.
Using mobile device built-in microphones to monitor bats: a new opportunity for large-scale participatory science initiatives
Authors: Gili Fabrizio , Bertolino Sandro , Rolando Antonio
Published: March 2024

Citizen science has become a crucial tool in biodiversity monitoring, often facilitated by the diffusion of mobile devices, such as smartphones and tablets. High costs of professional equipment often limit large-scale monitoring, particularly in bat monitoring programmes based on acoustic surveys. Here we present the potential of using mobile devices for bat monitoring, allowing for large-scale, volunteer-based monitoring programmes. We initially compared mobile devices’ performance with a professional bat detector for recording low-frequency bat calls. We then conducted a citizen science pilot study to test the method’s feasibility in a real-world setting, recording echolocation and social calls of nine European bat species. We found high similarity in spectrogram quality (0.74 ± 0.09 for Samsung, 0.90 ± 0.01 for Huawei, 0.86 ± 0.09 for Xiaomi, 0.69 ± 0.09 for Apple) and average peak frequency (differences of 0.2 ± 0.5 kHz for Samsung, 0.1 ± 0.7 kHz for Huawei, 0.5 ± 1.0 kHz for Xiaomi, 0.1 ± 0.8 kHz for Apple) between calls recorded by mobile devices and professional bat detectors. The number of recorded bat calls per sampling session was also similar. However, differences in sound quality and effectiveness among mobile device brands were found. iOS devices outperformed professional detectors at recording bat calls at increasing distances. The citizen science pilot study tested 35 mobile device models, all of which effectively recorded bats. This study suggests that mobile devices could be an accessible, no-cost tool for large-scale bat monitoring. Incorporating mobile devices into existing monitoring networks or creating new dedicated programmes could not only enhance data collection, but also boost public knowledge and awareness about bats, ultimately promoting informed decision-making and better conservation strategies.
Enhancements of discretization approaches for non-convex mixed-integer quadratically constrained quadratic programming: part II
Authors: Beach Benjamin , Burlacu Robert , Bärmann Andreas , Hager Lukas , Hildebrand Robert
Published: March 2024

This is Part II of a study on mixed-integer programming (MIP) relaxation techniques for the solution of non-convex mixed-integer quadratically constrained quadratic programs (MIQCQPs). We set the focus on MIP relaxation methods for non-convex continuous variable products where both variables are bounded and extend the well-known MIP relaxation normalized multiparametric disaggregation technique(NMDT), applying a sophisticated discretization to both variables. We refer to this approach as doubly discretized normalized multiparametric disaggregation technique (D-NMDT). In a comprehensive theoretical analysis, we underline the theoretical advantages of the enhanced method D-NMDT compared to NMDT. Furthermore, we perform a broad computational study to demonstrate its effectiveness in terms of producing tight dual bounds for MIQCQPs. Finally, we compare D-NMDT to the separable MIP relaxations from Part I and a state-of-the-art MIQCQP solver.
Using different digital tools in designing and solving mathematical modelling problems
Authors: Koyunkaya Melike Yiğit , Dede Ayşe Tekin
Published: March 2024

While existing studies acknowledge the importance of using technology in the mathematical modelling process, questions about how to integrate digital tools into mathematical modelling are not still answered. This study aims to examine pre-service mathematics teachers’ designing and solving mathematical modelling problems by using different digital tools through the collaboration of two different courses in their education program. The GeoGebra-supported modelling cycle was adopted as the conceptual framework of the study. The case study was used to design the research. The participants of the study were three volunteer pre-service secondary mathematics teachers, who were able to use and integrate digital tools in mathematics education. The pre-service teachers were asked to design a mathematical modelling problem by integrating different digital tools as the final assignment in both courses. The designed mathematical modelling problem, the video records of pre-service teachers’ explanations including the designing and solving process, and the video records of the focus group interview were the data of the study. The results showed that the pre-service teachers were able to design and solve an effective and comprehensive  mathematical modelling problem using technology by combining their skills that they had learnt through different courses. In particular, they were able to use different digital tools in both designing and solving a mathematical modelling problem. Their solution also led to the extension of the adopted framework by adding new technological actions into the modelling stages.
The effects of online simulation-based collaborative problem-solving on students’ problem-solving, communication and collaboration attitudes
Authors: Chen Meng-Jun , She Hsiao-Ching , Tsai Pei-Yi
Published: March 2024

Despite national curricula and instructional reforms calling for collaborative problem-solving skills (CPS), however, there is an absence of a theory-laden model showing how to effectively construct CPS for science learning. We therefore developed and validated a simulation-based CPS model that exploits its constructs, sequences, and causal relationships, and evaluating its effectiveness on students’ problem-solving. Over the span of a two-week physics science course, 57 ninth-grade students were recruited from two intact middle school classes to engage in this online simulation-based collaborative problem-solving (CPS) program. This program consisted of nine electrochemistry problem-solving lessons spread across four class sessions, each lasting 45 min. Results indicated that the simulation-based CPS model was validated and proven to contribute to effective problem-solving by linking PS solution proposing, peer communication, implementing PS solutions with simulation, and providing evidence-based explanations. The simulation-based CPS model successfully improved the performance of both high- and low-achieving students. With the support and presence of high-achievers, low-achievers’ collaboration attitude was boosted, which lead them to achieve similar learning success.
Can Climate Shocks Make Vulnerable Subjects More Willing to Take Risks?
Authors: Holden Stein T. , Tilahun Mesfin
Published: March 2024

While economists in the past tended to assume that individual preferences, including risk preferences, are stable over time, a recent literature has developed and indicates that risk preferences respond to shocks, with mixed evidence on the direction of the responses. This paper utilizes a natural experiment with covariate (drought) and idiosyncratic shocks in combination with an independent field risk experiment. The risk experiment uses a Certainty Equivalent-Multiple Choice List approach and is played 1–2 years after the subjects were (to a varying degree) exposed to a covariate drought shock or idiosyncratic shocks for a sample of resource-poor young adults living in a risky semi-arid rural environment in Sub-Saharan Africa. The experimental approach facilitates a comprehensive assessment of shock effects on experimental risk premiums for risky prospects with varying probabilities of good and bad outcomes. The experiment also facilitates the estimation of the utility curvature in an Expected Utility (EU) model and, alternatively, separate estimation of probability weighting and utility curvature in three different Rank Dependent Utility models with a two-parameter Prelec probability weighting function. Our study is the first to comprehensively test the theoretical predictions of Gollier and Pratt (Econom J Econom Soc 64:1109–1123, 1996) versus Quiggin (Econ Theor 22(3):607–611, 2003). Gollier and Pratt (1996) build on EU theory and state that an increase in background risk will make subjects more risk averse while Quiggin (2003) states that an increase in background risk can enhance risk-taking in certain types of non-EU models. We find strong evidence that such non-EU preferences dominate in our sample.
Regional development is not a dinner party: a research agenda on power relations and the use of language in regional development studies
Authors: Calignano Giuseppe , Nilsen Trond
Published: March 2024

Regional development is not a dinner party, but rather a largely contested matter in which its political dimension and power relations play key roles. This paper calls for a research agenda to understand more about how power relations and the use of language—specifically, metaphors—can be integrated into regional development studies. In contrast to major strands of the regional development literature, an important contribution of this paper is that we treat regional development processes not as a purely economistic process, but rather as a conflictual process in which different opinions or even divergent views emerge and compete through different language relationships. This occurs on a multitude of occasions, such as when there is a discussion about building new infrastructure and its related socio-economic and environmental impacts, when people have different views on possible regional futures or when certain regional economic sectors are prioritised by politicians and policymakers. We address three main research questions. (1) What can scholars in the field of regional development learn from previous studies of power relations in the fields of economic geography and political science? (2) What are the most promising research tendencies in which the study of politics and power relations can be embedded? (3) Through which original lens (i.e., language) and methodology (i.e., narratives) might empirical analyses best be conducted on the topics we illustrate?
Research on Reconfiguration Strategies for Self-reconfiguring Modular Robots: A Review
Authors: Dai Ye , He Shilong , Nie XinLei , Rui Xukun , Li ShiKun , He Sai
Published: March 2024

With the progress of science and technology, the traditional robot workplace is fixed, single-function, and inflexible, and may not work properly in some special places, while the modular robot with self-reconfiguration function is a robot that can adapt to new environments and can rely on new task settings, which has a series of universal modules and relies on mutual communication between modules and autonomous reorganization movements to cope with changes in the environment or tasks and recover from the state of destruction. This paper summarizes the representative international research results from the perspective of the hardware design of robots in two aspects based on the design characteristics of self-reconfiguring modular robots around the reconfiguration strategy planning method. At the same time, some existing problems and shortcomings are pointed out on this basis to provide ideas as well as perspectives for future research development.
Assessing Hierarchies by Their Consistent Segmentations
Authors: Gutman Zeev , Vij Ritvik , Najman Laurent , Lindenbaum Michael
Published: March 2024

Current approaches to generic segmentation start by creating a hierarchy of nested image partitions and then specifying a segmentation from it. Our first contribution is to describe several ways, most of them new, for specifying segmentations using the hierarchy elements. Then, we consider the best hierarchy-induced segmentation specified by a limited number of hierarchy elements. We focus on a common quality measure for binary segmentations, the Jaccard index (also known as IoU). Optimizing the Jaccard index is highly nontrivial, and yet we propose an efficient approach for doing exactly that. This way we get algorithm-independent upper bounds on the quality of any segmentation created from the hierarchy. We found that the obtainable segmentation quality varies significantly depending on the way that the segments are specified by the hierarchy elements, and that representing a segmentation with only a few hierarchy elements is often possible.
Large-landscape connectivity models for pond-dwelling species: methods and application to two invasive amphibians of global concern
Authors: Vimercati Giovanni , Rödder Dennis , Vuilleumier Séverine , Berronneau Maud , Secondi Jean
Published: March 2024

Context

Functional connectivity models are essential in identifying major dispersal pathways and developing effective management strategies for expanding populations of invasive alien species. However, the extrapolation of models parameterized within current invasive ranges may not be applicable even to neighbouring areas, if the models are not based on the expected responses of individuals to landscape structure.

Objectives

We have developed a high-resolution connectivity model for both terrestrial and aquatic habitats using solely potential sources. The model is used here for the invasive, principally-aquatic, African clawed frog Xenopus laevis, which is a species of global concern.

Methods

All ponds were considered as suitable habitats for the African clawed frog. Resistance costs of lotic aquatic and terrestrial landscape features were determined through a combination of remote sensing and laboratory trials. Maximum cumulative resistance values were obtained via capture-mark-recapture surveys, and validation was performed using independently collected presence data. We applied this approach to an invasive population of the American bullfrog, Lithobates catesbeianus, in France to assess its transferability to other pond-dwelling species.

Results

The model revealed areas of high and low functional connectivity. It primarily identified river networks as major dispersal pathways and pinpointed areas where local connectivity could be disrupted for management purposes.

Conclusion

Our model predicts how the dispersal of individuals connect suitable lentic habitats, through river networks and different land use types. The approach can be applied to species of conservation concern or interest in pond ecosystems and other wetlands, including aquatic insects, birds and mammals, for which distribution data are limited or challenging to collect. It serves as a valuable tool for forecasting colonization pathways in expanding populations of both native and invasive alien species and for identifying regions suitable for preventive or adaptive control measures.
Environmental, industrial, and health benefits of Moringa oleifera
Authors: Mahaveerchand Harshika , Abdul Salam Abdul Ajees
Published: March 2024

The rise of air, water, and soil pollution poses a significant threat to global health, leading to widespread disease and premature mortality. Soil health is vital, ensuring the production of safe food, but it is compromised by pollutants such as heavy metals, pesticides, plastics, and excessive fertilization, resulting in the depletion of beneficial microorganisms and subsequently groundwater contamination. Water bodies are polluted due to contamination from industrial effluents, domestic wastewater, agricultural runoff, and oil spillage, further intensifying environmental pollution. On the other hand, atmospheric pollution, characterized by high emissions of gases, volatile compounds, greenhouse gases, not only impacts the climate but also poses serious risks to human health, leading to respiratory diseases, cardiovascular issues, and increased cancer risks. Thus, the strategic utilization of traditional plants emerges as a potent tool for environmental restoration and improving human health. The plants possess natural filtering capabilities, absorbing pollutants from air, soil, and water, thus mitigating their adverse effects. Through phytoremediation, plants can be actively used to extract and remove contaminants, contributing to detoxification and improving water and soil quality. Additionally, plants offer various health benefits. Moringa oleifera or the drumstick plant belonging to the Moringaceae family is one such indigenous plant with wide applications, that can be grown in extreme arid conditions. Since ancient times, this plant has been used for treating skin infections, anaemia, and blood impurities. This plant thrives in diverse climates addressing over 300 different aliments. Rich in phytochemicals and bioactive compounds, M. oleifera serve as a superfood, offering high nutritional values and exhibiting potential for drug development with fewer side effects. Extensive research has elucidated the diverse properties and applications of M. oleifera, however, in-depth research is needed to identify bioactive molecules, phytochemicals, and protein compounds involved, which will aid in understanding of the mechanisms of action of the plant's diverse functions. Although studies have reported several of individual M. oleifera attributes, there is no comprehensive study available addressing its diverse applications. This review covers the findings of past three decades and provides a detailed outline of M. oleifera plant and its various parts, its applications in environmental, industrial, food and health aspects documented to date.
Prolactin-secreting tumors, dopamine agonists and pregnancy: a longitudinal experience of a tertiary neuroendocrine center
Authors: Prencipe Nunzia , Bona Chiara , Cuboni Daniela , Berton Alessandro Maria , Bioletto Fabio , Varaldo Emanuele , Aversa Luigi Simone , Sibilla Michela , Gasco Valentina , Ghigo Ezio , Grottoli Silvia
Published: March 2024

Purpose

Prolactin (PRL)-secreting tumours are associated with infertility and can be reverted by dopamine agonist (DA) therapy. The suspension of DA is recommended once pregnancy is established, as all DAs cross the placenta. The aim of the study was to evaluate the rate of maternal-foetal complications in women treated with cabergoline (CAB) or bromocriptine (BRM) for prolactinoma during gestation and the effect of pregnancy on prolactinoma progression.

Methods

This was a retrospective observational study involving 43 women affected by prolactinoma who became pregnant during therapy with CAB or BRM for a total of 58 pregnancies. For each patient, medical records were analysed by integrating the data with outpatient or telephone interview.

Results

At the time of conception, 18 women were in the BRM group, while 40 were in CAB group. No differences were found in obstetric or neonatal outcomes between the two groups. There was a significant difference (p = 0.046) in child complications reported in maternal interview found exclusively in the CAB group. No further confounding factors were detected. Disease remission rate after the first pregnancy was 42.9% and the main predictor was a lower PRL nadir before pregnancy (p = 0.023). No difference was detected between the two groups in terms of tumor remission. Breastfeeding did not modify the outcome.

Conclusion

Foetal exposure to DAs during the first weeks of embryogenesis is not associated with a greater risk of complications. The transient and mild developmental disorders recorded resolved spontaneously and the prevalence was substantially overlapping with that observed in the general population.