bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analysis of the Problem-Based Story Model Development with ICT Kahoot and the Effectiveness on Students’ Metacognition Awareness and Science Process Skills
Authors: Ramadhana Widiet Nurcahyo , Suratno Suratno , Yushardi Yushardi
Published: April 2022

This study aims to develop a problem-based story learning model with ICT using the Kahoot interactive quiz that could increase students' metacognition awareness and science process skills which were determined by the validity, practicality, and effectiveness of the learning model. This research was a research development (R&D) 4D Thiagarajan through four stages such as define, design, develop, disseminate. The effectiveness of data collection was done by giving pre-test and post-test questions on metacognition awareness using MAI (Metacognition Awareness Inventory) and questions on students' science process skills by looking at the increase in the average score of normalized gain. The results showed that the learning model was effective for increasing awareness of metacognition, this was based on the average N-Gain in the small group test, large group test, and the dissemination test with an average of 0.62 in the medium category, and on the students' science process skills with an average N-Gain value of 0.61 in the medium category. This model was also declared “valid” by the expert validators and users which was supported by empirical validation results. The practicality of implementing the PBS model had also been tested by observing the teacher's ability in classroom learning, learning responses to the ease with which teachers used the model, and student responses to the learning model applied by the teacher. The final result showed that the problem-based storytelling model developed had met the valid, effective, and practical criteria.
Analysis of the Relationship of Mix Marketing with Patient Loyalty and Satisfaction in Hospital
Authors: Huda Syamsul , Yuliati Anik
Published: April 2022

This study aims to analyze the relationship between the marketing mix and patient loyalty and satisfaction at the hospital. The research method used in this research is descriptive qualitative method. The type of data used in this study is qualitative data, which is categorized into two types, namely primary data and secondary data. Sources of data obtained through library research techniques (library studies) which refers to sources available both online and offline such as: scientific journals, books and news sourced from trusted sources. These sources are collected based on discussion and linked from one information to another. Data collection techniques used in this study were observation, interviews and documentation. This data was analyzed and then drawn conclusions. Based on the description analysis, it can be concluded that there is a relationship between the marketing mix on loyalty and patient satisfaction. After the analysis, it can be seen that all elements in the marketing mix have an influence on patient loyalty to reuse services at the hospital. After the analysis, it can be seen that the relationship between the marketing mix and customer satisfaction is very influential because the marketing mix is ​​a factor or market element used to satisfy customers.
Laser scanning for BIM
Authors: Valero Enrique , Bosché Frédéric , Bueno Martin
Published: April 2022

Obtaining useful data from reality capture devices, such as Terrestrial Laser Scanners (TLS), for the extraction of semantic information and its subsequent use to support Building Information Modelling (BIM) use cases (e.g. Scan-to-BIM or Scan-vs-BIM -based use cases) is a complex task that requires planning and execution expertise. Point clouds of quality need to be produced following a conscientious planning and execution of scanning. And once the point clouds are acquired, methodical pre-processing operations are vital to ensure the point clouds finally are of high quality. This paper summarises some guidelines to surveyors for a successful data acquisition campaign, especially when these data will be employed for automatic processes involving point clouds and BIM, such as Scan-to-BIM or Scan-vs-BIM. The guidelines are also useful to the recipients of the point clouds involved in those processes, such as BIM modellers or Quality Control (QC) managers.
A COLLABORATIVE ONLINE READING AND RESEARCH PROJECT
Authors: Dr. Arturo G. Palaming
Published: April 2022

This paper describes the conception and implementation of reading and research project designed to help students develop effective online reading and research skills. In addition to providing opportunities to practice traditional reading skills such as skimming, scanning, and critical reading, the project aims to help learners gain autonomous strategies for evaluating the credibility of online information.
A student-centered, experiential learning approach to instruction framed the design. This required students to do most of the project work online, and involved a blend of face-to-face activity in computer laboratory along with out-of-class online collaboration.
KEYWORDS: Collaboration, reading, face-to-face learning, online learning, project work online, teaching and learning
ABORDAJE PREVENTIVO EN LA ENFERMEDAD POR HÍGADO GRASO NO ALCOHÓLICO
Authors: LÓPEZ-ALMADA GABRIELA , DOMÍNGUEZ-AVILA J. ABRAHAM , GONZÁLEZ-AGUILAR GUSTAVO A. , MEJÍA-LEÓN MARIA ESTHER , SALAZAR-LÓPEZ NORMA JULIETA
Published: April 2022

La obesidad es actualmente un problema de salud pública a nivel mundial. Ésta se caracteriza por afectar a múltiples órganos, entre ellos el hígado, desarrollándose enfermedades como la enfermedad de hígado graso no alcohólico (EHGNA), la cual predispone al desarrollo de carcinoma hepatocelular. En esta revisión se discute la asociación entre la obesidad y la EHGNA, enfatizando un abordaje preventivo y de intervención en etapas tempranas de la enfermedad, así como los potenciales efectos de algunos compuestos bioactivos presentes en la dieta. Al respecto es recomendable centrar la intervención en mejorar el IMC, a través de un programa de actividad física, educación nutricional y de salud, y cambios en los patrones dietéticos. La inclusión de alimentos ricos en compuestos bioactivos, como los compuestos fenólicos, fibra y vitaminas pueden proveer de un efecto antioxidante, antiinflamatorio y anti-obesogénico que podrían obstaculizar la progresión de la EHGNA, y otras comorbilidades y complicaciones.
Trends in Sustainable Development of Small Enterprises in the Healthcare Sector
on the Example of the Clinic "Dental-Med"
Authors: Mariam Tsiklauri Mariam Tsiklauri , Sophio Beridze Sophio Beridze
Published: April 2022

In the conditions of a modern crisis market economy, the problems of small-scale medical private enterprises require a comprehensive, in-depth study, analysis and planning of the next steps. At the same time, it is necessary to take into account the requirements for accreditation in the field of healthcare and, as far as possible.
Due to the state of digital technologies and the pandemic, accreditation requirements have also been tightened, diversified and, consequently, small businesses have been faced with the introduction of new technologies to improve their operations, which must be taken into account for perfect market functioning, sustainable development and healthy competition.
Keywords: Sustainable Development, Health Sector, Accreditation Requirements.
SUPERVISORY POWERS OF THE PROSECUTOR’S OFFICE FOR THE IMPLEMENTATION OF LEGISLATION ON EMERGENCY SITUATIONS
Authors: Tyunin V. A.
Published: April 2022

The article deals with the following issues: the general concept of «emergency situation», the observance of human rights and freedoms in a state of emergency and situation, ensuring the safety of citizens and protecting the constitutional system in this period, the basics of the state policy of the Russian Federation in the field of protection of the population and territories from emergency situations, as well as the organization of prosecutor’s supervision over the implementation of legislation on the prevention and elimination of natural emergencies and their consequences.
THE QUESTION OF APPLICATION OF PRESERVATION PROVISIONS: THEORETICAL AND PRACTICAL ASPECTS
Authors: Rudenko A.V. , Gorodulina K.O.
Published: April 2022

The authors of the article consider the issue of practical interpretation and application of provisions on the emergence of property rights by virtue of acquisitive prescription. The Resolutions of the Plenums of the Supreme and Supreme Arbitration Courts and the Resolution of the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation were selected as the provisions under consideration. The main problems are seen as non-compliance with legislation in the field of the fundamental principle of equality of participants in civil relations and free interpretation of Article 234 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation. The authors expressed an opinion on the specification of the provisions of the legislation that could legalize the provisions that are currently controversial.
Memories of E. O. Wilson
Authors: Tschinkel Walter
Published: April 2022

E. O. Wilson brought myrmecology, the study of ants, to public attention, and in doing so was a voice for conservation. When he died late in 2021, the world lost a productive scientist and an inspiring human being. His life was an astounding journey from a child collecting snakes and ants, to a top-ranking academic biologist, to one of the best-known public champions of nature.
Anyons in One Dimension
Authors: Greiter Martin
Published: April 2022

A fascinating possibility exists for exotic quantum statistics to interpolate between the familiar cases of bosons and fermions: the anyon, observed in two dimensions. But how does it behave in one?
Effect of Shortage of Teachers on Job Performance in Public Secondary Schools in Geita District-Tanzania
Authors: Sixbert Bertilla , Onyango Daniel
Published: April 2022

The main purpose of this study was to examine the effects of the shortage of teachers on job performance in public secondary schools in the Geita District. The study was guided by this objective: to investigate the effects of shortage of teachers on job performance in public secondary schools in Geita District. The study employed a mixed research approach, using a descriptive case study. The population of the study comprised of secondary schools in Geita District. The population of the study was 796 education stakeholders. The researcher targeted 4 public secondary schools in Geita District out of 36. The sample size comprised of 83 respondents; it included 1 District Education Officer, 4 heads of schools and 78 teachers. The sample was obtained by using simple random and purposive sampling techniques. The study used Maslow’s and the Herzberg’s Two Factor theories. Data was collected using a single questionnaire and an interview guide; Researcher used Inter-rater reliability, which helped to ensure the accuracy of the research instruments. Quantitative data was analysed using descriptive statistics with the help of SPSS software version 20 and it was presented in the form of a table using frequencies and percentages while qualitative data was analysed thematically. The major findings of the study are as follows: the shortage of teachers seemed to hinder the job performance of teachers, which led to the uncovered syllabus, caused high level of stress among teachers due to heavy workload, it led to poor students’ academic performance and resulted to indiscipline among students. The study recommends that in order to overcome the challenges related to the shortage of teachers, the government, through the Ministry of Education and Science and Technology, should set aside enough funds for employing the required number of teachers, especially in science subjects and it should make the working environment attractive so as to motivate teachers to work hard, particularly those in peripheral areas
Africanizing Inclusive Education: Why, How, Who, Where and What to be Included
Authors: Kinuthia Carol Nyathama
Published: April 2022

Although a lot of attention has been given to inclusive education (IE) both as a human right and a means of achieving equality and education for all goal, there has been controversies and complexities in its implementation. Moreover, there has been concerns on the need to decolonize/contextualize it to increase its relevance in African settings. The purpose of this study is to review relevant literature on IE in the African region. It aims at exploring IE progress and challenges in Africa as documented in existing literature and thereafter propose mechanisms of Africanizing education to ensure inclusion of African philosophy and culture to make education more accessible, meaningful, and productive. Integrative literature review was employed to analyse and synthesize database, publication, and online sources to present a more comprehensive understanding of the concept. Reference was given to the theories of inclusion and exclusion models to amicably conceptualize inclusion in a school setting. The focus was on African countries: Lower income countries are reported to adopt the western education systems with little regard to their context and as influenced by colonialism and globalization. There is therefore the need of an education system that addresses African-centred knowledge and values. The author therefore attempts to identify education elements in need of Africanization and strategies of achieving it. The study recommends restructuring policies and curriculums to make them more relevant and applicable to their regions of implementation, redefining diversity in an African setting, improving school conditions, and equipping teachers to accommodate a diverse population of learners, diversifying methodologies and adapting a whole school and community approach.
EXPERIMENTAL DETERMINATION OF THE NEUTRAL SURFACE RADIUS DURING PURE BENDING
Authors:   Samara National Research University, Kuzin A.O. , Erisov Ya.A. ,   Samara National Research University,   Samara Federal Research Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Razzhivin V.A. ,   Samara National Research University, Petrov I.N. ,   Samara National Research University
Published: April 2022

The paper presents the results of the experimental determination of the neutral surface radius during bending by the moment and their comparison with theoretical values. For this, a method has been developed for determining strains during two-corner bending using the Vic-3D system, which operates on the basis of digital image correlation (DIC). The measurement error and the limitation of the developed technique are determined.
Systems, Complex Systems, and Intelligence: an Educational Overview
Authors: Minati Gianfranco
Published: April 2022

This contribution examines, for didactic purposes, the peculiarities of systems that have the ability to acquire, maintain and deactivate properties that cannot be deduced from those of their components. We evaluate complex systems that can acquire, lose, recover, vary the predominance of property sequences, characterized by their predominant coherence and variability, through the processes of self-organization and emergence, when coherence replaces organization. We consider correspondingly systemic epistemology as opposed to the classical analytic approach and to forms of reductionism. We outline aspects of the science of complexity such as coherence, incompleteness, quasiness and issues related to its modeling. We list and consider properties and types of complex systems. Then we are dealing with forms of correspondence that concern the original conception of intelligence of primitive artificial intelligence, which was substantially based on the high ability to manipulate symbols, and of those of a complex nature that consider emergent processes, such as inference, the learning, reasoning and memory. Finally, the recognition and acquisition of forms of intelligence in nature is explored, with particular reference to its emerging systemic processes.
Direct Foreign Investments in the Ukrainian Economy: State and Problems of Attracting
Authors: Sokolovska О. M.
Published: April 2022

Investment is one of the main sources of sustainable economic growth of any country. A special need for investment, including foreign ones, is experienced by countries with economies in transition, to which Ukraine belongs.
This article aims to analyze the state and dynamics of foreign direct investment and determine the sectoral structure of foreign direct investment in the national economy in the sectoral dimension to identify the problems and opportunities for investment development of Ukraine.
According to the results of the analysis, it was found that the volume of foreign direct investment in Ukraine remains at a low level, and cannot affect the solution of problems related to the raw materials orientation and sectoral inefficiency of the national economy. Trends in attracting foreign direct investment to Ukraine are analyzed and the main factors slowing down this process are identified. These factors include the ongoing military conflict in the East of Ukraine, macroeconomic problems, political instability and low quality of institutions.
It was found that, starting in 2018, there has been a gradual renewal of the interest of foreign investors in Ukraine. At the same time, it was found that foreign investments are directed mainly to less technologically and science-intensive industries and sectors of the economy. They account for about 60% of the total volume of foreign direct investment in the Ukrainian economy. It was emphasized that the priorities for national and foreign investment in Ukraine should be medium- and high-tech industries, which currently account for only a few percent in the total structure of foreign direct investment. To remedy the current situation, it is proposed to introduce tax and non-tax methods of investment incentives, among which industrial parks should take a special place as one of the most effective tools for attracting foreign investment in world practice. They contribute not only to the inflow of foreign investment, but provide many other advantages to countries and regions, including: the creation of new jobs, an increase in industrial production, the growth and diversification of exports, the attraction of foreign technologies and management practices, the development of high-tech industries. All these advantages and benefits from the creation of industrial parks are in need of Ukraine.
Appropriate dosing of sugammadex for reversal of rocuronium-/vecuronium-induced muscle relaxation in morbidly obese patients: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors:   Department of Anesthesiology, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, Liao Jian-Qiang , Shih Darrell , Lin Tzu-Yu , Lee Meng , Lu Cheng-Wei
Published: April 2022

Review question / Objective: To conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) to compare the effect of lower-dose sugammadex using IBW or CBW as dosing scalars, with that of standard-dose sugammadex based on TBW, on reversal time, defined as time to recovery of train of four ratio (TOFR) ≥ 0.9, among morbidly obese people after moderate or deep NMB with either rocuronium or vecuronium. Eligibility criteria: We included only randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that compared TBW with other dosing scalars for sugammadex. Studies not published in full text articles or in languages other than English were excluded. Trials that included patients above 18 years of age and BMI more than or equal to 40 who underwent general anaesthesia with any degree of NMB induced by either rocuronium or vecuronium. Trials that evaluated TBW and other dosing scalars for sugammadex were included. We included trials that compared TBW with any other dosing scalars for sugammadex. Trials that did not include dosing based on TBW as one arm in the comparison were excluded.
Cyana luxuriosa, a new species from Xizang, China (Lepidoptera: Erebidae: Arctiinae)
Authors: Volynkin Anton V. , Saldaitis Aidas
Published: April 2022

A new species of the genus Cyana Walker, 1854, Cyana luxuriosa sp. n. is described from the Motuo County of the Xizang Autonomous Region of China. The diagnostic comparison is made with Cyana puer (Elwes, 1890) and Cyana neopuer N. Singh, Bhattacharaya & Volynkin, 2019. Adults and male and female genitalia are illustrated.
ENTREPRENEURIAL CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES IN SHEEP HUSBANDRY SECTOR OF J&K
Authors:   University School of Business, Chandigarh University, India, Zargar Nadeem Younus , Arora Dr Nilesh ,   University School of Business, Chandigarh University, India
Published: April 2022

The Indian agrarian society is transforming with socio-economic development and demand for livestock has been on the increase exponentially. The demand is expected to rise further with increase in population and purchasing power in the coming decades. Sheep livestock has a pivotal role in Jammu & Kashmir as a traditional source of income, energy, manure and fuel. Entrepreneurship in this sector is not taking effect despite institutional and government push. as the prospect entrepreneurs and traditional breeders face various challenges at the gass root level. The present study explores the challenges and opportunities with a generic view of the sector in Jammu and Kashmir. A primary data analysis was conducted on data collected via survey questionnaire from 100 respondents across various verticals of the trade. Frequency analysis indicated that the sector is a major livelihood source in the region and a great potential opportunity to organize a thriving business. However, enterprising in this sector isn’t free of challenges. The sector requires identification of challenges, and innovation to overcome them
A NEW RP-UPLC METHOD FOR SIMULTANEOUS QUANTIFICATION OF IVABRADINE AND METOPROLOL IN COMBINED DOSAGE FORMS
Authors:   Department of Pharmacy, Holy Mary Institute of Technology (College of Pharmacy) , Keesara, Bogaram, Hyderabad Telangana 501301., Hemalatha R , Venkatesh B ,   Department of Pharmacy, Holy Mary Institute of Technology (College of Pharmacy) , Keesara, Bogaram, Hyderabad Telangana 501301.
Published: April 2022

An accurate and yet fast, easy-to-use, affordable, sensitive, single method for measuring Ivabradine and Metoprolol in bulk and pharmaceutical products using Reversed-Phase Ultra-Performance Liquid Chromatography (RP-UPLC) was developed. A Hibar C18 column was used with a running phase composed of Water: ACN (60:40 v/v) at a flow rate of 0.5 ml/min. UV detection was used at a wavelength of 260 nm. The correlation parameters for Ivabradine and Metoprolol were found to be of the order of 99.9% and % MSD <2. The validation results agreed with what's acceptable and had good limits. This method, proposed as a regular analysis and quality control tool for medications that contain these active drugs either individually or in combination, was evident to be a suitable one
Stimulasi Kemampuan Bercerita Anak Usia Dini Melalui Media Boneka Tangan
Authors: Marwah Marwah
Published: April 2022

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui efektif atau tidaknya stimulus kemampuan bercerita pada anak usia dini dengan menggunakan media boneka tangan dalam proses belajar mengajar. Kegiatan bercerita dengan pilihan media boneka tangan dapat menarik dan memotivasi perhatian anak karena media boneka tangan dapat membantu perkembangan kemampuan bercerita anak. Oleh karena itu, media boneka tangan merupakan salah satu media yang dapat mempromosikan komunikasi lisan anak usia dini. Dalam penelitian ini digunakan pendekatan penelitian studi pustaka, pengumpulan data dengan mengolah dan mengevaluasi bahan referensi atau publikasi ilmiah yang berjumlah 22 bahan kajian  yang berkaitan dengan topik yang diteliti. Tujuan analisis data adalah untuk menghubungkan masalah dengan teori yang ditemukan dalam sebuah buku atau publikasi ilmiah. Temuan penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dampak media boneka tangan cukup efisien dan baik untuk digunakan dalam mengenalkan kemampuan bercerita pada masa awal taman kanak-kanak.
Covid-19 Pandemisinin Türkiye 2020 Yılı İş Kazası İstatistiklerine Yansımasının Değerlendirilmesi
Authors: ÇALIŞ Serenay
Published: April 2022

Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the countries of the world and Türkiye continue to struggle both in terms of social life and in terms of economic terms. Due to the rapid spread of the virus and the increase in deaths as a result, this process was tried to be overcome with a full shutdown in 2020 for a long time. With the full shutdown, employees have been away from production for a long time and therefore there has been a decrease in the number of days worked and even in the hours worked. In this article, it is aimed to reveal whether there is a decrease in the number of work accidents due to the fact that the employees are away from production in 2020 and the number of working days has decreased compared to other years. The data set for the years 2018-2020, which will ensure the realization of this purpose, has been obtained from the Social Security Institution Statistics annuals. In particular, incidence rate of occupational acci-dents/injuries, weight rate of occupational injuries, standardize and mortality occupational accidents rate and the effect of the pandemic on work accidents were revealed. when the data is analyzed, it was deter-mined that there was no decrease in work accidents due to the pandemic in 2020 compared to 2018 and 2019, in fact, the reduction or stopping of production due to the pandemic did not have an effect on work accidents.
The Formation of Intermediate-mass Black Holes in Galactic Nuclei
Authors: Rose Sanaea C. , Naoz Smadar , Sari Re’em , Linial Itai
Published: April 2022

Most stellar evolution models predict that black holes (BHs) should not exist above approximately 50–70 M
⊙, the lower limit of the pair-instability mass gap. However, recent LIGO/Virgo detections indicate the existence of BHs with masses at and above this threshold. We suggest that massive BHs, including intermediate-mass BHs (IMBHs), can form in galactic nuclei through collisions between stellar-mass BHs and the surrounding main-sequence stars. Considering dynamical processes such as collisions, mass segregation, and relaxation, we find that this channel can be quite efficient, forming IMBHs as massive as 104
M
⊙. This upper limit assumes that (1) the BHs accrete a substantial fraction of the stellar mass captured during each collision and (2) that the rate at which new stars are introduced into the region near the SMBH is high enough to offset depletion by stellar disruptions and star–star collisions. We discuss deviations from these key assumptions in the text. Our results suggest that BHs in the pair-instability mass gap and IMBHs may be ubiquitous in galactic centers. This formation channel has implications for observations. Collisions between stars and BHs can produce electromagnetic signatures, for example, from X-ray binaries and tidal disruption events. Additionally, formed through this channel, both BHs in the mass gap and IMBHs can merge with the SMBHs at the center of a galactic nucleus through gravitational waves. These gravitational-wave events are extreme- and intermediate-mass ratio inspirals.
The Gravitational Imprint of an Interior–Orbital Resonance in Jupiter–Io
Authors: Idini Benjamin , Stevenson David J.
Published: April 2022

At mid-mission perijove 17, NASA’s Juno mission has revealed a 7σ discrepancy between Jupiter’s observed high-degree tidal response and the theoretical equilibrium tidal response, namely, the Love number k
42. Here we propose an interpretation for this puzzling disagreement based on an interior–orbital resonance between internal gravity waves trapped in Jupiter’s dilute core and the orbital motion of Io. We use simple Jupiter models to calculate a fractional correction Δk
42 to the equilibrium tidal response that comes from the dynamical tidal response of a g–mode trapped in Jupiter’s dilute core. Our results suggest that an extended dilute core (r ≳ 0.7 R
J) produces an interior–orbital resonance with Io that modifies Jupiter’s tidal response in Δk
42 ∼ −11%, allowing us to fit Juno’s k
42. In our proposed self-consistent scenario, Jupiter’s dilute core evolves in resonant locking with Io’s orbital migration, which allows the interior–orbital resonance to persist over geological timescales. This scenario requires a dilute core that becomes smoother or shrinks over time, together with a

4

2

g

1

mode (ℓ, m, n = 4, 2, 1) with resonant tidal dissipation reaching Q
4 ∼ 1000. Jupiter’s dilute core evolution path and the dissipation mechanism for the resonant

4

2

g

1

mode are uncertain and motivate future analysis. No other alternative exists so far to explain the 7σ discrepancy in Juno k
42. Our proposed interior–orbital resonance can be tested by Juno observations of k
42 tides raised on Jupiter by Europa, as obtained at the end of the extended mission (mid-2025), and by future seismological observations of Jupiter’s

4

2

g

1

mode oscillation frequency.
Beneficial Effect of Mesona palustris BL: A Review on Human and Animal Intervention
Authors: Rahmah Rahmah , Astuti Yoni , Salimo Harsono , Pamungkasari Eti Poncorini , Wasita Brian
Published: April 2022

BACKGROUND: Black Cincau (Mesona palustris BL) has been used widely as a complementary and alternative therapy in East and Southeast Asian regions due to its potent antioxidant activity and proven health benefits. It is traditionally used to treat various diseases such as antihypertensive, fever, and anti-diarrhea. Some studies to explore the function of Black Cincau were carried out on animal and humans, but publications regarding, it are still limited.

AIM: This review emphasizes the beneficial effect of M. palustris BL. In addition, this review corroborates the pharmacological basis for the various health benefits, traditional, and medicinal applications of M. palustris BL.

METHODS: All the available information of Black Cincau (M. palustris BL) was collected from electronic databases such as PubMed, Google Scholar, and ProQuest from 2011 to 2020. This literature review suggests that M. palustris BL has a beneficial effect. All Black Cincau (M. palustris BL) available information was collected from electronic databases such as PubMed, Google Scholar, and ProQuest from 2011 to 2020.

RESULT: This literature review suggested that M. palustris BL has a beneficial effect. Researchers have proven in preclinical models that M. palustris BL is pharmacologically active as an antioxidant and can reduce cholesterol, blood glucose, immunomodulatory, and gastrointestinal healthy.

CONCLUSION: Several preclinical studies on M. palustris BL have been carried out, but the application of the effectiveness of M. palustris BL in humans still needs to be developed to provide the pharmacological basis for the various health benefits, traditional, and medicinal applications of M. palustris BL.
The Effect of Coffee Aromatherapy on Reducing Fatigue and Stress Levels of Female Caregivers Caring for the Elderly in Hospitals
Authors: Tumanggor Roxsana Devi , Kasfi Anna , Baiti Nur , Nasution Diah Lestari
Published: April 2022

Background. The exploration of coffee as an aromatherapy in the health service has not been widely carried out. In many cases, aromatherapy has been shown to reduce stress and fatigue.
Purpose.   To analyzes the effect of coffee aromatherapy on the fatigue and stress levels of female caregivers caring for the elderly at the University of Sumatera Utara Hospital (USU Hospital), in Medan.
Methods. This is a quasi-experiment one group pretest posttest design.  The research involved 16 caregivers were given a treatment of coffee oil by inhalation for 15 minutes for three consecutive days, without coffee oil inhalation and 10% of coffee oil concentration on the first day, 20% on the second day, and 30% on the third day. Each sample received a pretest and posttest in the form of stress and fatigue instruments.  The data analysis performed was univariate in order to describe the properties of each variable examined and analyze the mean score. Similarly, bivariate analysis with the Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) statistical test was used to determine the effect of coffee aromatherapy on reducing the fatigue and stress level.
Results. The result showed that most caregivers were elderly children with an average age of 38 years, 81.3% assisted in caring for the elderly, and actively working outside the home. Based on the ANOVA test, the data showed that the administration of coffee aromatherapy for three consecutive days has no effect on female caregivers’ fatigue and stress level.  However, the mean score showed a decrease in fatique and stress level before and after coffee oil inhalation in three days. 
Conclusion. It is necessary to provide coffee oil aromatherapy intervention with a longer duration to have an effect on reducing caregiver fatique and stress in the future, so the results are expected to form the basic data for the design of nursing interventions based on complementary therapies in order to reduce the fatigue and stress of caregivers while providing care to the hospitalized elderly.
Thirty-two new and noteworthy floristic records from north-eastern Greece
Authors: Doumas Panayiotis , Goula Katerina , Constantinidis Theophanis
Published: April 2022

The vascular flora of Greece comprises no less than 6,705 vascular plant taxa (species and subspecies, including established aliens) in an area of 131,957 km2. The phytogeographic region of north-east Greece (NE), an area characterised by physiographic diversity, is the richest floristic region in Greece, yet it remains less-explored compared to other regions.

We present an annotated inventory of 32 vascular plant taxa collected predominantly from the East Macedonia and Thrace Regions (Makedonia and Thraki, NE Greece), following fieldwork that took place between 2013 and 2021. In our results, we identify seven new additions to the Greek flora (Aethionema saxatile subsp. rhodopaeum, Anthericum ramosum, Aster amellus, Euphorbia carniolica, Hesperis matronalis subsp. matronalis, Saponaria stranjensis and Silene fetlerii) and 25 new records to the regional Greek flora consisting of mostly rare Balkan endemics of a restricted distribution and presumable conservation priorities. Taxonomic comments are added, where necessary. IUCN threat categories are assigned to certain taxa. Our investigation highlights the importance of the Balkan border areas as a source of new floristic elements for single countries and points to the importance of range-restricted taxa, in addition to single-country endemics, to address plants with a narrow distribution pattern.
Plant products with acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activity for insect control
Authors: Georgiev Borislav , Nikolova Milena , Aneva Ina , Dzhurmanski Anatoli , Sidjimova Boriana , Berkov Strahil
Published: April 2022

Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitors are widely used in Alzheimer’s treatment, but they are also crucial for their action on organophosphorus insecticides. The latter exert their toxicity by inhibiting the AChE enzyme in insects, leading to their death. Amaryllidaceae alkaloids have been proven to be potent AChE inhibitors. In the present study methanolic extracts and essential oils being obtained from species of Asteraceae, Lamiaceae, Brassicaceae and Amaryllidaceae were evaluated in vitro for AChE inhibitory activity. Ellman’s colourimetric method, with modifications, was used for AChE activity evaluation. According to the activity level, the tested plant products were divided into three categories. First: plant products with strong activity comparable to that of galanthamine; second: plant products with medium activity, with IC50 value about 1 mg/ml and the last group with low activity, with IC50 value greater than 1 mg/ml. Essential oils of Origanum vulgare subsp. hirtum Ietswaart., Satureja pilosa Vel., Monarda fistulosa L., Thymus longedentatus (Degen & Urum.) Ronniger and the methanolic extract of Leucojum aestivum L. showed the most potent activity and were referred to as the first group. Carvacrol was identified as the main component of the most active essential oils. In L. aestivum extract, galanthamine was found as the main alkaloid. The obtained results indicate that essential oils and alkaloid-rich plant extracts possess the strongest AChE inhibitory activity. This gives us a reason to recommend these plant products to be tested for insecticidal activity in the future.
Forests of Breznik municipality
Authors: Grigorov Borislav , Velev Nikolay , Assenov Assen , Nazarov Momchil , Genova Beloslava , Vassilev Kiril
Published: April 2022

The current study aims to uncover the forest habitat diversity of Breznik municipality, following the EUNIS Classification. Initial data was collected from the Ministry of Environment and Water and the Forestry Management Plans. Forest habitat polygons were spatially processed with the use of the ArcGIS 10.8.1 software package. Field studies were performed to add more detailed information to the analysis. The phytocoenoses of the forest habitats are dominated by Quercus dalechampii, Q. frainetto, Fagus sylvatica, Carpinus betulus. Some artificial plantations with Pinus nigra and P. sylvestris were also present, as well as with non-native species, such as Robinia pseudacacia and Quercus rubra. The results of this study could be used for more in-depth research of the Breznik municipality vegetation.
Evaluation of viral infection levels in intensive and organic poultry farming
Authors: Kirov Plamen M. , Alexandrova Radostina I.
Published: April 2022

Whereas early organic farming was mainly focused on plant production, in the last decade, the number of organically-managed poultry farms within the European Union has increased significantly. Similar to organic crop production, organic animal farming is based on the same principles: welfare-friendly, sustainable production and resource utilisation without or with very little addition of synthetic substances, such as antibiotics and antiparasitic treatments. These practices, as well as the access to wild animals, make the free-range poultry production systems predisposed to different viral diseases and, thus, associated with potentially higher public health risks or reduction in production quality. On the other hand, intensive farming amplifies the impact of viral diseases due to high density, low genetic diversity and elevated immunodeficiency. The aim of this analytical study is to compare free-range with intensive poultry systems and the occurrence of different viral diseases in these types of farms in the EU over the past decade. The research is based on official data from the statistical office of the European Union, as well as official data from the Member countries. The results were similar in each country and demonstrate that free-range production has a higher incidence of viral diseases with high zoonotical potential. This makes year-round surveillance absolutely necessary, as well as the need for implementation of additional criteria and requirements towards free-range systems.
Radiation status of soils from the region of the Eastern Rhodopes (Southern Bulgaria)
Authors: Hristozova Milena , Lazarova Radoslava
Published: April 2022

Local values of natural radiation background in soils from unexplored regions in the Eastern Rhodopes were established. The impact of anthropogenic activity as a potential risk for increase in radiation background was assessed. Soil samples from areas near the liquidated lead-zinc mines – Madzharovo, gold mine – Ada Tepe, Krumovgrad, lead-zinc complex – Kardzhali, Neochim – Dimitrovgrad, deposits for extraction of gneiss, marble quarries, etc. were analyzed to study possible contamination. Specific activity of natural radionuclides 210Pb, 238U, 226Ra, 235U, 232Th, 40K and technogenic 137Cs in the studied samples was determined by gamma spectrometric analysis with Multichannel analyzer DSA 1000, production of CANBERRA and HPGe-detector.
Natural zeolites as detoxifiers and modifiers of the biological effects of lead and cadmium in small rodents: A review
Authors: Beltcheva Michaela , Ostoich Peter , Aleksieva Iliana , Metcheva Roumiana
Published: April 2022

The present investigation analyzes the literature about the toxicity of Cd and Pb in small rodents’ organisms and the role of natural zeolites as modifiers of the biological effects. An array of ecotoxicological, morpho-physiological, hematological, genetic and biochemical methods as most representative are under discussion as a basic point for further exploration of biological effects in laboratory mice. The review of existing results demonstrated that there is abundant data on the sorption of lead and cadmium by modified natural zeolites in water and soils. Nevertheless, there is insufficient data on the ion exchange capacity and biological effects of this sorbent in living organisms, especially regarding Cd detoxification. On the basis of the current review, it is possible to conclude that future investigations in this field will elucidate the potential of the use of zeolites as successful detoxifiers against heavy metals and other toxic elements in living organisms.
Development of accurate chemical thermodynamic database for geochemical storage of nuclear waste. Part II: Models for predicting solution properties and solid-liquid equilibrium in binary nitrate systems
Authors: Donchev Stanislav , Tsenov Tsvetan , Christov Christomir
Published: April 2022

The main purpose of this study is to develop new thermodynamic models for solution behavior and solid-liquid equilibrium in 10 nitrate binary systems of the type 2–1 (Mg(NO3)2-H2O, Ca(NO3)2-H2O, Ba(NO3)2-H2O, Sr(NO3)2-H2O, and UO2(NO3)2-H2O), 3–1 (Cr(NO3)3-H2O, Al(NO3)3-H2O, La(NO3)3-H2O, Lu(NO3)3-H2O), and 4–1 (Th(NO3)4-H2O) from low to very high concentration at 25 °C. To construct models, we used different versions of standard molality-based Pitzer approach. To parameterize models, we used all available raw experimental osmotic coefficients data (φ) for whole concentration range of solutions, and up to supersaturation zone. The predictions of developed models are in excellent agreement with φ-data, and with recommendations on activity coefficients (γ±) in binary solutions from low to very high concentration. The Deliquescence Relative Humidity (DRH), and thermodynamic solubility product (as ln K°sp) of 12 nitrate solid phases, precipitating from saturated binary solutions have been calculated. The concentration-independent models for nitrate systems described in this study are of high importance for development of strategies and programs for nuclear waste geochemical storage.
Polar and non-polar fraction from Origanum vulgare spp. hirtum methanolic extract – differences in their bioactivity on Chlamydomonas reinhardtii test system
Authors: Todorova Maria Dimitrova , Parvanova Petya Nikolaeva , Todorova Teodora Ivanova , Nikolova Milena Tihomirova , Berkov Strahil Hristov , Chankova Stephka Georgieva
Published: April 2022

Aim: To compare the bioactivity of both polar and non-polar fraction of Origanum vulgare spp. hirtum methanolic extract on Chlamydomonas reinhardtii.

Material and methods: The polar and non-polar fractions were derived from aerial parts of Origanum vulgare ssp. hirtum, collected during the flowering stage from the ex-situ collection of IBER-BAS. GC/MS analysis of both fractions was done following the standard protocol. The measured mass spectra were deconvoluted by the Automated Mass Spectral Deconvolution and Identification System (AMDIS), before comparison with the databases. Chlamydomonas reinhardtii 137C+ (WT) was used as a test system. Spot-test, cell survival fraction (SF), test of “visible mutations” and CFGE (for measurement of induced DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs)) were applied.

Results: The polar fraction did not possess genotoxic, mutagenic as well as DNA-damaging effect. The situation with the non-polar fraction was quite different. Even at the lowest concentration of 250 ppm, cell survival was decreased by 60% (SF = 0.41 ± 0.08). Treatment with concentrations equal to/or greater than 500 ppm resulted in around 100% lethality.

A mild mutagenic effect was obtained for the concentration of 250 ppm non-polar fraction (IM = 4.83 ± 0.004). Well-expressed and concentration-dependent induction of DSBs for even the strong DNA fragmentation was observed after the treatment with the non-polar fraction.

Conclusions: The different bioactivity of the two fractions correlated well with their different chemical composition. The polar fraction, rich in sugars, organic acids and flavonoid glycosides, did not possess genotoxic and mutagenic potential. The strong genotoxic potential of the non-polar fraction might be related to carvacrol content (37.08%), which is not present in the composition of the polar fraction. To the best of our knowledge, this study provides the first information that the carvacrol-rich non-polar fraction of Origanum vulgare spp. hirtum methanolic extract possesses genotoxic, mutagenic and DNA damaging effect on some low eukaryotes, such as C. reinhardtii. Further experiments with carvacrol should be done in order to clarify the exact mechanism of action.
Strict laws fail to deter illegal trade of China’s largest and most endangered freshwater turtle
Authors: Hu Shijia , Lee Tien Ming , Shi Hai-Tao
Published: April 2022

In May 2021, a number of people were arrested for the illegal poaching and trade of one of the most endangered freshwater turtle species in China. The large female Pelochelys cantorii individual was poached from a strict protected area, sold, and was publicly advertised on social media despite being a Class I protected species (no trade allowed) for over 30 years and in a country with one of the strictest penalties for IWT worldwide. We discuss and call for more conservation efforts to prevent the illegal poaching and trade of this threatened species. We argue that unless China meets the urgent conservation needs of this iconic species, the impending extinction of this species cannot be reversed.
Le financement de l'innovation
Authors: Vilanova Laurent , Renucci Antoine
Published: April 2022

Le cadre institutionnel et juridique est un déterminant important des différences nationales constatées en termes de développement de l’innovation. Ce chapitre s’attachera à montrer l’impact des marchés financiers et du crédit dédiés au financement des entreprises innovantes, ainsi que l’impact du crédit d’impôt et des subventions pour la R&D, sur le développement de l’innovation. Il étudiera aussi l’influence des interventions directes de la puissance publique, par exemple, celui des sociétés de capital-risque publiques. Ce chapitre mettra également en avant le rôle d’institutions informelles, telles que la culture, sur le développement de l’innovation.
Le financement de l'innovation
Authors: Chollet Pierre , Sentis Patrick
Published: April 2022

Les projets innovants requièrent par nature des financements spécifiques. Dès lors que l’on s’intéresse à la dimension durable des projets, deux questions principales se posent : on s’interroge, dans un premier temps, sur l’influence de ces financements en termes de pérennité et de gestion responsable du projet innovant. Dans un deuxième temps, on s’intéresse plus particulièrement aux modalités de financement de projets innovants socialement responsables. Ce chapitre conduit ainsi à établir un état des lieux dans ce domaine et ouvre des perspectives sur les solutions adaptées au financement responsable des projets innovants.