bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Gene expression profiling identifies pathways involved in seeds maturation of Jatropha curcas
Authors: Maghuly Fatemeh , Deak Tamas , Vierlinger Klemens , Pabinger Stephan , Tafer Hakim , Laimer Margit
Published: August 2019

Background: Jatropha curcas, a tropical shrub, is a promising biofuel crop, which produces seeds with a high content of oil and protein. To better understand the development of its seeds to improve Jatropha`s agronomic performance, a two-step approach was performed: 1) generation of the entire transcriptome of six different maturation stages of J. curcas seeds using 454-Roche sequencing of a cDNA library, 2) comparison of transcriptional expression levels in six different developmental stages of seeds using a custom Agilent 8x60K oligonucleotide microarray. Results: A total of 793,875 high-quality reads were assembled into 19,841 unique full-length contigs, of which 13,705 could be annotated with Gene Ontology (GO) terms. Microarray data analysis identified 9,111 probes (out of 57,842 probes), which were differentially expressed between the six developmental stages. The expression results were validated for 70 randomly selected putative genes. Result from cluster analyses showed that transcripts related to sucrose, fatty acid, flavonoid, phenylpropanoid, lignin, hormone biosynthesis were over-represented in the early stage, while lipid storage, seed dormancy and maturation in the late stage. Generally, the expression of the most over-represented transcripts decrease in the last stage of seed maturation. Further, expression analyses of different maturation stages of J. curcas seed showed that most changes in transcript abundance occurred between the two last stages, suggesting that the timing of metabolic pathways during seed maturation in J. curcas is in late stages. The co-expression result showed a high degree of connectivity between genes that play essential role in fatty acid biosynthesis and nutrient mobilization. Furthermore, seed development and hormone pathways are significantly well connected. Conclusion: The obtained results revealed DESs regulating important pathways related to seed maturation, which could contribute to understanding the complex regulatory network during seed development. This study provides detailed information on transcription changes during J. curcas seed development and provides a starting point for a genomic survey of seed quality traits. The current results highlighted specific genes and processes relevant to the molecular mechanisms involved in Jatropha seed development, and it is anticipated that this data can be delivered to other Euphorbiaceae species of economic value.
Association between echocardiographic manifestations and bacterial infections in patients with infective endocarditis: a cohort study
Authors: Damlin Anna , Westling Katarina , Maret Eva , Lundborg Cecilia Stålsby , Caidahl Kenneth , Eriksson Maria J
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Background
The diagnosis of infective endocarditis (IE) is based on microbiological analyses and diagnostic imaging of cardiac manifestations. Echocardiography (ECHO) is preferred for direct visualization of IE-induced cardiac manifestations. We investigated correlations between bacterial infections and IE manifestations diagnosed by ECHO.
Methods
In this cohort study, data from patients aged 18 years or above, with definite or possible IE admitted at the Karolinska University Hospital between 2008-2017 were obtained from Swedish National Registry of Endocarditis. Bacteria registered as pathogen were primarily selected from positive blood culture and for patients with negative blood culture, bacteria found in culture or PCR from postoperative material was registered as pathogen. Patients with negative results from culture or PCR were excluded. IE manifestations diagnosed by ECHO and risk factors were obtained from the registry. Chi-squared test and two-sided Fisher’s exact test was used for comparisons between categorical variables, and student’s ttest was used for continuous numerical variables; two-sided and skewed variables were log-transformed before these analyses. Multivariable analyses were performed using logistic regression. Associations and the strength between the variables were estimated using odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). P< 0.05 was considered significant.
Results
The most common bacteria were Staphylococcus aureus(n= 268, 47%) and viridans group streptococci (n= 127, 22%). The most common manifestations were vegetation in the mitral (n = 222, 36%), aortic (n = 214, 34%), and tricuspid valves (n = 117, 19%). Correlations were seen between aortic valve vegetation and coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) and Enterococcus faecalis, between mitral valve vegetation and group B streptococci, tricuspid valve vegetation, andS.aureus, and between perivalvular abscesses and CoNS (all P< 0.05).
Conclusions
Correlations were found between certain bacteria and specific ECHO manifestations. Our study contributes to a better understanding of IE manifestations and their underlying bacterial etiology, which pathogens can cause severe infections and might require close follow-up and surgical treatment.
Robotic radical antegrade modular pancreatosplenectomy(RAMPS) versus standard retrograde pancreatosplenectomy (SRPS):study protocol for a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Zhang Gong , Liu Rong , Kang Yuhao , Zhang Haifeng , Wang Fei
Published: August 2019

Background There has been data from meta-analysis suggesting that RAMPS is a safe and effective procedure for adenocarcinoma in the body or tail of the pancreas and is oncologically superior to SRPS. However, previous studies on RAMPS were conducted under the open and laparoscopic surgery. Robotic surgery, on the other hand, plays a role in ergonomics and offers several advantages, including less fatigue, tremor filtering, 7° of wrist-like motion, motion scaling, and three-dimensional vision. At present, there is still a lack of clinical studies to observe the safety and clinical efficacy of Robotic RAMPS in the world. Hence, prospective randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing Robotic RAMPS and SRPS are required. We begin a RCT trial to compare short-term surgical and oncological outcomes of Robotic RAMPS and SRPS for patients with distal pancreatectomy.Methods This is a randomized, single-center clinical trial. All included adults are patients with primary carcinoma of the distal pancreatectomy. A total of 246 patients will be randomly allocated to Robotic RAMPS or SRPS. The primary endpoints are oncological outcomes(R0 rate, number of Lymph node). Secondary endpoints are the perioperative complications, Perioperative indicators(operative time, blood loss, blood transfusion volume, costs).Discussion To evaluate the surgical and oncological outcomes of Robotic RAMPS, we therefore undertake a prospective RCT. This procedure may become a standard approach to robotic pancreatosplenectomy.
Antibiotic use among twelve Canadian First Nations communities: A retrospective chart review of skin and soft tissue infections
Authors: Jeong Dahn , Nguyen Ha Nhan Thi , Tyndall Mark , Schreiber Yoko S
Published: August 2019

Background Previous publications indicated an emerging issue with community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (CA-MRSA), particularly skin and soft tissue infections (SSTIs), in Indigenous communities in Canada. The objectives of this analysis were to explore the prevalence of SSTIs due to CA-MRSA and patterns of antimicrobial use in the community setting.Methods A retrospective chart review was conducted as part of an environmental scan to assess antibiotic prescriptions in 12 First Nations communities across five provinces in Canada including Alberta, Saskatchewan, Manitoba, Ontario, and Québec. Charts were randomly selected from nursing stations and patients who had accessed care in the previous 12 months and were ≥18 years were included in the review. Data was collected from September to December, 2013 on antibiotic prescriptions, including SSTIs, clinical symptoms, diagnostic information including presence of CA-MRSA infection, and treatment.Results A total of 372 charts were reviewed, 60 from Alberta, 70 from Saskatchewan, 120 from Manitoba, 100 from Ontario, and 22 from Québec. Among 372 patients, 224 (60.2%) patients had at least one antibiotic prescription in the previous 12 months and 569 prescriptions were written in total. The prevalence of SSTIs was estimated at 36.8% (137 cases of SSTIs in 372 charts reviewed). In 137 cases of SSTIs, 34 (24.8%) were purulent infections, and 55 (40.2%) were due to CA-MRSA.Conclusions This study has identified a high prevalence of antibiotic use and SSTIs due to CA-MRSA in remote and isolated Indigenous communities across Canada. This population is currently hard to reach and under-represented in standard surveillance system and randomized retrospective chart reviews can offer complimentary methodology for monitoring disease burden, treatment and prevention.
Sleeping in cooking room is associated with under-five pneumonia in North West Ethiopia: prospective cross-sectional study
Authors: Alemu Abebaw Yeshambel , Azezew Amlaku , Alebachew Wubet , Minuye Biniam
Published: August 2019

Background Pneumonia is the one of the five-leading cause under-five morbidity and mortality in developing countries. It is the leading cause of under-five death in Ethiopia. However, data on its institutional burden and factors associated was not explored enough in the study area. Therefore, this study was aimed to asses institution-based proportion of under-five pneumonia and associated factors at Debre Tabor General Hospital.Methods Institution based cross sectional survey was conducted from January 3 to February 10/2019 on a total of 342 participants. Data was collected using structured questionnaire. Additionally, medical charts were reviewed for objective diagnosis of pneumonia. After entered by EPI info version 7 data was exported to SPSS version 20 for further analysis. The result was summarized and presented using descriptive statistics. Logistic regression was computed to assess statistical association at 95% confidence level and p-value ≤0.05.Result Among all under-five children visiting under-five outpatient department 27.5% were diagnosed for pneumonia. Participants who were not sleeping in cooking room; 0.066 (0.035,0.123)), babies who had malnutrition (AOR (95% CI); 7.897 (2.480,25.145)), no breast feeding (AOR (95% CI); 5.805 (1.477,22.821)), and mixed breast feeding (AOR (95% CI); 4.111 (1.152,14.672)) were significantly associated with increased proportion of under-five pneumonia among children visiting Debre Tabor General Hospital under-five outpatient department.Conclusion Institution-based proportion of under-five pneumonia was high in this study. Sleeping in cooking room, breast feeding and malnutrition were associated with under-five pneumonia. Therefore, health education on exclusive breastfeeding, separate cooking and sleeping room as well as improve nutrition status of children could reduce proportion of under-five pneumonia.
Loop ileostomy closure: a retrospective comparison of three techniques
Authors: Lord Ian , Reeves Lesley , Gray Andrew , Woodfield John , Clifford Kari , Thompson-Fawcett Mark
Published: August 2019

Background Loop ileostomy (LI) formation is a common practice for patients undergoing low anterior resection or restorative ileo-anal pouch surgery. This can be performed using a stapled or hand-sewn technique, with or without resection. If hand-sewn, the closure can be one or two layers. Randomised controlled trials have not demonstrated one technique to be superior, and meta-analyses are limited by the heterogeneity of published studies. Our primary aim is to compare stapled ileostomy closure with single- and two-layer, hand-sewn closures.Methods This retrospective, single-centre cohort study included patients undergoing LI closure between January 1999 – April 2016. Patient demographics, anastomotic technique, operative time, and patient outcomes were collected.Results Our analysis included 244 patients (median age 67 years, 43.4% female). There were no significant differences in mean operative times (71.5, 73.1, and 88.5 minutes, for stapled, single-, and two-layer hand-sewn closures respectively, adjusted overall p=0.262), or morbidity (21.5% vs 20.4% vs 17.6%, adjusted overall p=0.934) between stapled or hand-sewn anastomoses, and no mortality. Once adjusting for age, sex, ASA, and consultant surgeon, the LOS was similar between stapled and single-layer closures (4.2 vs 5.5 days, p=0.105), but significantly different between stapled and two-layer closures (4.2 vs 8.3 days, p=0.026) (overall p=0.034). No evidence of differences in complications was found.Conclusions Stapled and single-layered hand-sewn closures are similar in length of procedure, LOS, and complication rates. A two-layer, hand-sewn technique is associated with a significant increase in stay compared to a stapled ileostomy closure.
Pathogenetic approach to the treatment of functional disorders of the gastrointestinal tract and their intersection: Results of the Russian Observation Retrospective Program COMFORT
Authors: Ivashkin Vladimir , Poluektova Elena , Glazunov Alexey , Putilovskiy Mikhail A , Epstein Oleg I
Published: August 2019

Background

The aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy and safety of the novel complex drug, consisting of released-active form of antibodies to S-100 protein, tumor necrosis factor-α and histamine, (Kolofort) under outpatient conditions in patients with functional dyspepsia (FD), irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), and their combination.

Methods

The subject of the observational noninterventional retrospective program was the data of 14,362 outpatient records of patients with diagnosed FD, IBS, and/or their combination who received the drug Kolofort in monotherapy for 12 weeks, 2 tablets twice a day. To assess the presence and severity of symptoms of functional disorders of the gastrointestinal tract (FD GIT), a questionnaire “7*7” developed by a working group from the Russian Gastroenterological Association was used. The evaluated parameters included the proportion of patients: who had a reduction in the number of points by 50% or more; who have decreased the severity category of the condition; who have switched to the “healthy” and “borderline ill” severity categories;and the change in the number of points in domains 1–7.

Results

The final efficacy analysis included data from 9,254 patients. A decrease in the number of points by 50% or more was observed in 80.45% of patients with FD, 79.02% of patients with IBS, and in 83% of patients with both IBS and FD. A decrease in the severity category of the condition at the end of therapy was noted in 93.35% of patients with FD, in 93.80% of cases in patients with IBS, and in 96.17% of cases in patients with a combination of IBS and FD.A total of 94 adverse events (AEs) were reported in 80 patients (0.65%).

Conclusion

The COMFORT program has demonstrated the positive effect of treatment in the majority of patients with IBS and FD and their combination in real clinical practice.
Measuring the Quality of Care in Nursing Home Residents with Early-onset Neurodegenerative Diseases: A scoping review
Authors: Heffels Joyce C.F. , Everink Irma H.J. , Oosterloo Mayke , Roos Raymund A.C. , Schols Jos M.G.A.
Published: August 2019

Background

Nursing home residents with early-onset neurodegenerative diseases are often younger in comparison with other residents, and need different, often more complex care. Accordingly, the measurements currently used for measuring quality of care in nursing homes may not be suitable for use in this target group. Little is known about the experiences of these residents and of their (in)formal caregivers regarding the quality of care they receive. Therefore, the aim of this scoping review is to explore which instruments are available for measuring the quality of care for nursing home residents with early-onset neurodegenerative diseases (excluding dementia), from the perspective of the resident and of (in)formal caregivers.

Methods

A literature search was performed in the databases Pubmed, Embase, Web of Science and Cinahl. The search strategy consisted of four main concepts: neurodegenerative diseases, quality of care, nursing homes and perspectives of residents, (in)formal caregivers. Studies were included if they used instruments and/or strategies to measure quality of care, focused on nursing home residents with early-onset neurodegenerative diseases and the perspective of either the resident or (in)formal caregiver.

Results

From a total of 809 identified articles, 87 full text articles were screened for eligibility. Five studies were included, only one of which described an instrument. The other four used topic lists and/or themes to measure quality of care. In total, 60 items related to quality of care could be derived. From these 60 items, eight overarching domains were found, with a subdivision into items derived, respectively, from the residents’, informal and formal caregivers’ perspective: ‘emotional support’, ‘physical support’, ‘social support’, ‘care’, ‘care content’, ‘expertise’, ‘communication’ and ‘organization of care’.

Conclusions

Currently, there are no methods for assessing the quality of care specifically focused on nursing home residents with early-onset neurodegenerative diseases. Therefore, the items retrieved in this review give an overview of important topics for measuring the quality of care for this target group, from the perspective of the resident, and of the informal and formal caregivers. These items might be used to develop a tailored instrument for assessing the quality of care for nursing home residents with early-onset neurodegenerative diseases.
Prevalence, phenotypic and genotypic characterization, virulence potential and antimicrobial resistance of Cronobacter species from ready-to-eat foods
Authors: Arslan Seza , Ertürk Hafize Gizem
Published: August 2019

Background

Cronobacter , an emerging foodborne pathogen, contaminates various foods such as ready-to-eat (RTE) food due to its ubiquitous nature. Consumption of food contaminated with Cronobacter can cause severe infections in children, elderly or immunocompromised people. Therefore, we aimed to assess the presence of Cronobacter spp. in RTE foods, popularly consumed products, and pose potential health threat for consumers, especially for risk groups.Results

Out of 340 RTE food samples, 59 (17.4%) were contaminated with Cronobacter spp. in this study. The highest contamination rate was found in meat free cig koftes (51.9%, 14/27), followed by spices (46.7%, 7/15), cereals (30.8%, 4/13), and desserts (30.2%, 13/43). A total of 64 Cronobacter isolates were identified phenotypically and genotypically from the 59 ready-to-eat foods samples. Molecular characterization was accomplished by PCR targeting 16S rRNA, gluA , rpoB and cgcA genes. The 64 Cronobacter isolates were completely identified by the biochemical and rpoB , while the PCR targeting the cgcA gene failed to identify to eight isolates. In this study, we investigated major virulence characteristics contributing to the pathogenicity of Cronobacter spp. including the outer membrane protein A, zinc-metalloprotease, siderophore production and biofilm formation. Many Cronobacter isolates (>87%) had these virulence characteristics. All isolates and a type strain were characterized using ERIC-PCR and genetic profiles of cluster analysis showed that the isolates were highly heterogeneous and genetically diverse. Antimicrobial susceptibility of RTE isolates to 18 different antimicrobial agents was determined by the disc diffusion method. Most Cronobacter isolates with a rate of 81.3% were resistant to cephalothin, 32.8% to cefoxitin and 20.3% to ampicillin. All Cronobacter isolates were susceptible to gentamicin and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole. The multidrug resistance to at least three or more antimicrobial agents was detected in 18.8% of Cronobacter isolates.Conclusions

Results indicate that RTE food harbors potential pathogenic Cronobacter species and is a possible transmission vehicle for Cronobacter infection in vulnerable person. So, there is a need to adopt hygienic practices and rigorous sanitization treatments to ensure microbiological safety of RTE food.
Absence of HCV RNA from the Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells is a Predictor of Good Response after Treatment of Egyptian Chronic Hepatitis C Patients with Sofosbuvir Based Therapy: a prospective study
Authors: Mostafa Hanan Mostafa , Zaghloul Mariam Salah , Ghazal Abeer , Ragab Dalia Elsayed
Published: August 2019

Background: Studies indicate that in most patients with chronic hepatitis C, viral RNA is present not only in plasma but also in Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells (PBMC). Furthermore, the PBMC compartment may be a preferred site for HCV, which is able to reinitiate viral replication after HCV treatment, even if clearance occurred. The aim of this study was to detect the persistence of hepatitis C viral RNA in both serum and PBMCs at 12 and 24 weeks of treatment in chronic hepatitis C virus (CHC) patients with sofosbuvir based therapy. Methods: 75 CHC patients were tested for HCV- RNA in serum at 0, 12 & 24 weeks of treatment, and for HCV- RNA in PBMCs on the 12 & 24 weeks. Results: At week 12 of treatment all patients had no HCVRNA in their serum; however, 8 cases were positive for HCV RNA in their PBMC. After 24 weeks of treatment, HCV RNA was re-examined in both serum and PBMCs for all patients. Six out of the eight cases that were found having positive HCV RNA in their PBMCs turned positive HCV RNA in the serum. While the other two cases still negative for HCV RNA in the serum. Interestingly, another two cases out of the sixty-seven cases that were found having negative HCV RNA in their PBMC turned positive HCV RNA in the serum. Conclusions: Absence of HCV RNA in PBMC is a better predictor of good response after treatment of CHC patients with DAAs, than its absence in the serum.
Factors associated with death in patients with tuberculosis in Brazil: survival analysis with competitive risks
Authors: Viana Paulo Victor de Sousa , Paiva Natalia Santana , Villela Daniel Antunes Maciel , Bastos Leonardo Soares , Bierrenbach Ana Luiza de Souza , Basta Paulo Cesar
Published: August 2019

Background: This study aimed to analyze the factors associated with deaths caused by TB, TB-related causes and deaths from other causes. Methods: A retrospective, population-based cohort study of the causes of death, using a survival regression model in the presence of competitive risk in a cohort of patients in treatment for TB was performed using records of patients that started TB treatment in Brazil and death certificates from 2008 to 2013. Results: In this cohort, 39,997 individuals (14.1%) died, out of a total of 283,508 individuals. Of these, 8,936 deaths due to TB (22.4%), 3,365 deaths to associated TB (8.4%), revealing a high rate of lethality. 27,696 deaths (69.2%) were from other causes. From our analysis, factors strongly associated with death from TB were male gender (sHR = 1.33, 95% CI: 1.26-1.40), older than 60 years (sHR = 9.29, 95% CI: 8.15-10.60), illiterate schooling (sHR = 2.33, 95% CI: 2.09-2.59), black (sHR = 1.33, 95% CI: 1.26-1.40) and brown color/race (sHR = 13, 95% CI: 1.07-1.19), from the southern region (sHR = 1.19, 95% CI: 1.10-1.28), mixed forms (sHR = 1.91, 95% CI: 1.73 -2.11) and alcoholism (sHR = 1.90, 95% CI: 1.81-2.00). Also, HIV positive serology was strongly associated with death due to TB (sHR = 62.78; 95% CI: 55.01 - 71.63). Conclusions: We believe that specific active surveillance strategies and early case finding could reduce mortality among tuberculosis patients, leading to a more timely detection and treatment. Keywords: tuberculosis; death surveillance; survival analysis; competitive risk analysis
Linked candidate genes of different functions for white mold resistance in common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris. L) are identified by QTL-based pooled sequencing
Authors: Oladzadabbasabadi Atena , Mamidi Sujan , Miklas Phillip N. , Lee Rian , McClean Phillip
Published: August 2019

Background White mold (WM) is a major disease in common bean ( Phaseolus vulgaris L.), and its complex quantitative genetic control has limited the development of WM resistant cultivars. WM2.2 is one of the nine meta-QTL that has a major effect on WM tolerance. This QTL explains up to 35% of the phenotypic variation and was previously mapped to a large interval on Pv02. Our objective was to narrow the interval of this QTL using QTL-based bulk segregant analysis.Results The phenotypic and genotypic data from two RIL populations (R31 and Z0726-9), which possess different genetic backgrounds for white mold resistance, were used to select resistant and susceptible lines to generate subpopulations for bulk DNA sequencing, and reads were aligned against the sequence of the resistance parent. The QTL physical intervals for each RIL population were mapped by fixed SNPs in 10kb-2kb sliding windows. WM2.2 QTL was split into two regions WM2.2a (3.54-4.56 Mbp; euchromatic) and WM 2.2b (12.19 to 26.41 Mbp; heterochromatic) in populations R31 and Z0726-9, respectively. For each QTL interval, the possible functional contribution of significant non-synonymous and synonymous polymorphisms was investigated. Gene models encoding for pentatricopeptide repeat, gibberellin 2-oxidase, and heat-shock proteins are the likely candidate genes associated with WM2.2a resistance. A TIR-NBS-LRR class of disease resistance protein and a EF-TU receptor are potential candidate genes associated with WM2.2b resistance and most likely trigger a physiological resistance response to WM.Conclusion QTL-based pooled sequencing analysis revealed that the large genomic region associated with WM2.2 meta QTL consists of two major QTL each associated with a different WM resistance function. WM2.2a region is most likely associated with avoidance mechanisms while WM2.2b region triggers physiological resistance.
The levels of urinary joining chain containing IgG immune complexes are associated with disease severity in IgA nephropathy
Authors: Li Guanhong , Yue Cai , Fan Xiaohong , Wen Yubing , Chen Gang , Qin Yan , Gao Ruitong , Li Xuemei
Published: August 2019

Background: Circulating levels of aberrantly glycosylated IgA1 and its immune complexes (IgA/IgG-IC) are elevated and correlated with disease severity in IgA nephropathy (IgAN). The pathologic IgA containing immune complexes deposits in the kidney were found to be in dimeric or polymeric forms, suggesting that those deposited IgA immune complexes contain joining chain, which is critical for the multimerization and transportation of IgA. Dimeric IgA and polymeric IgA both can cause renal damage by inducing release of cytokines from mesangial cells. We aimed to investigate the urinary J chain containing IgG immune complexes/creatinine ratio (UJGCR) and analyze its relationship with disease severity in IgAN.
Methods: The UJGCR were measured by sandwich enzyme linked immunosorbent assay in 26 patients with IgAN, 31 patients with other kidney diseases and 32 healthy volunteers.
Results: The levels of UJGCR were higher in patients with IgAN than that in non-IgAN patients ( P =0.006) and healthy volunteers ( P <0.0001). Importantly, receiver operating characteristics curve analysis confirmed that UJGCR had good discrimination between non-IgAN patients and IgAN patients. The levels of UJGCR positively correlated with 24-hour urinary protein excretion (r=0.63, P =0.0006), serum creatinine (r=0.55, P =0.003), and negatively correlated with estimated glomerular filtration rate (r= -0.61, P =0.0008) in IgAN. Furthermore, the levels of UJGCR were higher in IgAN patients with IgA mesangial deposition of (+/++) than patients with (+++/++++). And IgAN patients with tubular atrophy/interstitial fibrosis showed higher levels of UJGCR than that without ( P =0.03). Similarly, the levels of urinary IgA-IgG/creatinine ratio (UAGCR) were also found to be elevated and associated with clinical and pathological parameters as UJGCR in IgAN. Besides, significant correlations between the levels of UJGCR and UAGCR were shown, suggesting UJGCR were mainly composed of J-IgA-IgG.
Conclusions: The levels of UJGCR are associated with disease severity in IgAN. UJGCR is a potential biomarker for both glomerular and tubulointerstitial lesions in IgAN.
Tumačenje sebstva
Authors: Todorović Tanja
Published: August 2019

Pitanje sebstva staro je koliko i čovjek, međutim, tek u suvremenosti, na temelju filozofije života, filozofije egzistencije i fenomenologije pokušava se pronaći adekvatna metoda za približavanje sebstvu. Kroz ovaj se rad pokazuju prednosti i mane Husserlove fenomenologije. Okret k istraživanju struktura subjektivnosti i inter-subjektivnosti predstavlja važnu ulogu u tumačenju sebstva. Ipak, pokazuje se da je Husserlovu metodu neophodno okrenuti od čiste do оkrnjene subjektivnosti u kojoj se raskriva anticipatorska uloga svijesti. Ova uloga važna je s obzirom na to da je za sebstvo presudno ne samo kako netko razumije sebe nego i kako stupa u akciju s-drugima. Akcije sebstva nikada nije moguće razumjeti iz pozicije čiste subjektivnosti jer je pitanje motiva pitanje osobnosti kao uvijek konkretnog povijesnog subjekta. Za razumijevanje sebstva presudno je pitanje kako ono razumije sebe u lancu intersubjektivnih odnosa. Na temelju ove razlike obrazlaže se razlika između »idealnog« i grešnog čovjeka, koju je već Nietzsche najavio. Iz tog razloga, metoda kojom se sebstvu pristupa mora biti hermeneutička. Ono sebe ne može utemeljiti u deskripciji, u mimetičkom podržavanju realnosti, a niti u pokušajima da se sebstvo odredi formalnim principima. Naš odnos prema drugima i prema nama samima uvijek iznova treba konstituirati ne samo zbog toga što iskustva diktiraju nove obrasce življenja nego i zato što sebstvo ima mogućnost promjene načina interpretiranja situacija i time sebe-autentičnog određivanja u svijetu.
»Kakav je osjećaj?«
Authors: Eisinger Guimarães Rômulo
Published: August 2019

Unatoč nadaleko poznatoj latinskoj izreci prema kojoj se o ukusima ne treba raspravljati, o sudovima ukusa ipak (barem većina nas) raspravljamo. Međutim, na temelju čega? Ako se netko ne slaže s našom prosudbom, sudeći na drugačiji način od nas, tražimo argumente da bismo ga pokušali uvjeriti u suprotno. Ali koji su naši argumenti za to? Ovaj se članak bavi pitanjima o tome na čemu se zasnivaju argumenti koje koristimo da bismo opravdali naše sudove ukusa i koliko su takvi argumenti pouzdani? Od filozofije osamnaestog stoljeća do suvremene filozofije svijesti i uma, cilj je pokazati da sudovi ukusa uključuju samoznanje (posebno emocionalno samoznanje), a na pitanje »kakav je osjećaj«, koje se na prvi pogled čini jednostavno, čini se da nije lako odgovoriti.
Epistemička nepravda, autizam i pokret neuroraznolikosti
Authors: Lekić Barunčić Kristina
Published: August 2019

Znanje može biti stečeno kroz procese slušanja ili čitanja iskaza ostalih sudionika. U posebnom fokusu ovog rada jest kako, i posebice – kome – se pripisuje pouzdanost pri slušanju ili čitanju iskaza, posebice u smislu društveno-epistemičkih devijacija koje se pojavljuju u obliku epistemičke nepravde. Neurotipske osobe, pojedinci s tipičnim neurološkim stanjima i razvojnim putevima percipiraju, pojedince s poremećajem spektra autizma (ASD) kao odstupanje od neuro-normativnosti, nesposobne na jednakoj osnovi pridonositi skupu epistemičkih resursa i zajedničkih značenja. Potonje se odnosi na stereotipe o nepouzdanosti svjedočenja autističnih osoba o vlastitim iskustvima i uvjetima. S obzirom na to da su atipični socijalni i bihevioralni uvjeti autističnog udjela klinički klasificirani kao poremećaj, postavlja se pitanje možemo li opravdati neuspjeh proširivanja povjerenja na autistične osobe.
Tragoedia Humana
Authors: Špoljarić Bernard
Published: August 2019

Lociranje iskona duševnih patnji svojstvenih ljudskoj vrsti zahtjeva pristup predmetu koji se ne da reducirati na jednu od specijalističkih metoda prirodnih znanosti, psihologije, historije i sociologije, te nadilazi one partikularnosti koje bivaju nošene razgraničenim perspektivama; kulturološkim i historijskim razmacima. Pitanje duševnih patnji pitanje je općenito-ljudskog bića, stoga je pored interdisciplinarnom metodom sabranih uvida o naravi predmeta potrebno još filozofijski sagledati predmet, ne izolirano, nego u sprezi s onom cjelinom spram koje čovjek zadobiva svoje biće kao jedno od mnogih. U tom smislu, ovo istraživanje vođeno je idejom rascijepljenosti kao paradigmom onoga što se poima duševnom patnjom, s obzirom na to što patnja pretpostavlja neki nedostatak, a moguća rješenja traži polazeći od shvaćanja ljudskog stanja kao inherentno tragičnog stanja potrebitosti.
Special aspects of the banking institutions rating: a case for Ukraine
Authors: Lavrov Ruslan , Beschastnyi Viktor , Nikolenko Liudmyla , Yousuf Allam , Kozlovskyi Serhii , Sadchykova Iryna
Published: August 2019

In today’s rapidly changing global financial market, potential counterparties are in dire need of reliable and timely information on the partner bank performance in order to find the most successful one in terms of conducting credit and deposit transactions. Public ratings of banks serve to solve this problem and are considered as one of the effective tools for choosing such a bank. In Ukraine, the rating of banking institutions is not widely used by business entities because of the imperfect methodology of analysis of banks, a rating process that is closed to the public, the assignment of an unreliable rating to selected banks, the use of obtained ratings by banks for marketing purposes, etc. Therefore, the purpose of the study is to improve the existing rating systems for Ukrainian environment. International and domestic regulatory documents on rating, data of the National Bank of Ukraine and commercial banks, materials of rating agencies, as well as scientific publications of well-known Ukrainian and foreign scientists made the theoretical basis of the study. It is proposed to take a number of priority measures to legislatively regulate the activities of bodies for rating scores of banking institutions, to create a branched infrastructure of the rating market and to establish effective interaction of its participants, to end demonopolization and weaken entry barriers and to introduce new agencies in the rating market, to identify new rating methodologies. The conclusions are aimed at the development of a civilized and transparent rating business in Ukraine, which will ultimately contribute to the timely detection and neutralization of crisis phenomena in the banking sector, restoring confidence between banks and their clients, creating the preconditions for making sound business decisions.
The Reconstruction of Educational Basis in Homeschooling Group Khoiru Ummah
Authors: Purnama Sigit
Published: August 2019

The growth of community-based schools such as homeschooling is a new trend in Indonesia. This model was introduced with more emphasis on the role of parents in education, islamic knowledge and thought as learning material. This article discusses the basic reconstruction of education, strategic applications, and learning techniques applied in the Homeschooling Khoiru Ummah Group (HSG KU). This is qualitative research with a descriptive-analytical approach. Data is collected through interviews, observation, and documentation. The results of the study show that in the HSG KU perspective, al-Ma'rifah is divided into two (1)al-'ilmu which have material as the object of research (al-maddah) obtained through the scientific method (thariqah ilmiyyah) and (2)tsaqofah which has materials as objects of research (al-maddah) and ideas (al-fikrah) are obtained through rational methods (tariqah aqliyyah). HSG KU implements talaqiyyan fikriyan (thoughts delivered through meetings) as learning strategies. While the technique (uslub) in learning is through dialogue, discussion, experimentation, and direct practice.
Are Viruses and Parasites Linked to Celiac Disease? A Question that Still has no Definite Answer
Authors: Shariati Aref , Aslani Hamid R. , Shayesteh Mohammad R.H. , Taghipour Ali , Nasser Ahmad , Safari Hossein , Alizade-Sani Mahmood , Dehghan Amin , Azimi Taher
Published: August 2019

Celiac Disease (CD) is a complex autoimmune enteropathy of the small intestine that commonly occurs in genetically predisposed individuals due to intake of gluten and related proteins. Gluten consumption, duration of breast-feeding, various infections, especially frequent intestinal infections, vaccinations and use of antibiotics can be linked to CD. It is predicted that it affects 1% of the global population and its incidence rate is increasing. Most of the people with the HLA-DQ2 or HLADQ8 are at a higher risk of developing this disease. The link between infections and autoimmune diseases has been very much considered in recent years. In several studies, we explained that pathogenic and non-pathogenic microorganisms might have multiple roles in initiation, exacerbation, and development of Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) and Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD). In various studies, the relationship between infections caused by viruses, such as Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV), Rotavirus, Hepatitis C (HCV), Hepatitis B virus (HBV), Cytomegalovirus (CMV), and Influenza virus, and parasites including Giardia spp. and Toxoplasma gondii with CD has been raised. However, increasing evidence proposes that some of these microorganisms, especially helminths, can also have protective and even therapeutic roles in the CD process. Therefore, in order to determine the role of microorganisms in the process of this disease, we attempted to summarize the evidence suggesting the role of viral and parasitic agents in pathogenesis of CD.
Renewable Energy Power for A Sustainable Energy for Future
Authors: Malik Muhammad Faheem , Pervaiz Muhammad , Inayat Abrar
Published: August 2019

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Energy is a fundamental aspect in human life. It acts as blood for humans. No energy means no facility and frozen life activities. It needs for agricultural, economics and in domestic level etc. demands of energy is increasing day by day as increases population especially in developing countries. To meet energy requirement renewable energy is more efficient; no greenhouse effect, no emission of CO2, create least amount of resultant wastes, are sustainable base lying on existing and prospect financial and societal desire, no pollution and a safe environment to breathe freely. Mostly renewable energy comes as of ordinary source the same as wind energy, lunar and stellar energy, Bioenergy and hydropower energy etc.
The Development and Evaluation of a Corpus-based Spanish Collocation Error Detection and Revision Suggestion Tool
Authors: Lu Hui-Chuan , Cheng An Chung , Wang Shujuan
Published: August 2019

The topic of collocation has drawn attention for the past three decades in the lexical area of theoretical and applied linguistics. Our research team developed and evaluated a corpus-based assisted tool for collocation learning in Spanish. Based on the two constructed corpora (CEATE and CPEIC) and a Spanish collocation extraction tool (HCE), this computer-assisted learning tool, SpColEDRS, is easy to use to detect errors and also suggests revisions for Spanish collocations. Based on the evaluation, the research results indicated that the tool developed in this research can assist learners effectively, especially in the case of beginners. In addition, the results of the satisfaction survey provided positive confirmation of the effectiveness of this tool in assisting the learning of Spanish collocations. Finally, this study shed light on pedagogical applications of the constructed corpora and the learning of Spanish collocation with a corpus-based approach in a multilingual acquisition setting.
Reconhecimento de Actos de Diálogo Hierárquicos e Multi-Etiqueta em Dados em Espanhol
Authors: Ribeiro Eugénio , Ribeiro Ricardo , Matos David Martins de
Published: August 2019

Os actos de diálogo revelam a intenção por trás das palavras pronunciadas. Por isso, o seu reconhecimento automático é importante para um sistema de diálogo que tenta entender o seu interlocutor. O estudo apresentado neste artigo aborda essa tarefa no corpus DIHANA, cujo esquema de anotação de actos de diálogo em três níveis coloca problemas que não foram explorados em estudos recentes. Além do problema hierárquico, os dois níveis inferiores colocam problemas de classificação multi-etiqueta. Além disso, cada nível da hierarquia refere-se a um aspecto diferente relativo à intenção do orador, tanto em termos da estrutura do diálogo, como da tarefa. Por outro lado, uma vez que os diálogos são em espanhol, este corpus permite-nos avaliar se as melhores abordagens para dados em inglês generalizam para uma língua diferente. Mais especificamente, comparamos o desempenho de diferentes abordagens de representação de segmentos, com foco tanto em sequências como em padrões de palavras, e avaliamos a importância do histórico do diálogo e das relações entre os múltiplos níveis da hierarquia. No que diz respeito ao problema de classificação de etiqueta única colocado pelo nível superior, mostramos que as conclusões obtidas a partir de dados em inglês se mantêm em dados em espanhol. Para além disso, mostramos que as abordagens podem ser adaptadas para cenários multi-etiqueta. Por fim, combinando hierarquicamente os melhores classificadores para cada nível, obtemos os melhores resultados reportados para este corpus.
EFFECT OF VACUM TREATMENT ON TECHNOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF HEAT-RESISTANT CERAMZYT-CONCRETE ON COMPOSITIONAL BINDING
Authors: Alimuradov Sh. A. , Gadzhiev A. M. , Khadzhishalapov Kh. N. , Hezhev T. A.
Published: August 2019

Objectives The aim of the study is to study the effect of vacuum treatment, heating temperature, mixing time and load force on the strength of heat-resistant expanded clay concrete for lining thermal units.

Method The study is based on the vacuum processing technology of heat-resistant concrete based on a composite binder for lining the hearth of a trolley of a brick kiln, vacuum-packed concrete mix.

Result The effect of vacuum processing of the mixture on the technological properties of heat-resistant expanded clay concrete on a composite binder made from Portland cement and finely ground expanded clay activated in a planetary mill (Activator-4M) is investigated. Compositions have been developed and the technological properties of expanded clay concrete have been investigated depending on the heating temperature and the amount of finely ground additives.

Conclusion The results of the analysis of the dependence of the strength of expanded clay concrete on the heating temperature, the mixing time and the load strength confirm that the concrete strength indicators during evacuation are higher than for concrete without vacuum treatment; the increase in concrete strength after vacuum treatment under various technological exposure conditions is explained by an increase in workability indicators, which is characterized by the mobility and stiffness of the concrete mixture, denser packing of aggregate in the concrete structure, and also the large effect of vacuum compaction associated with the suction of water and air as well as static sealing due to the difference in atmospheric pressure and vacuum cavity pressure. The magnitude of the effective force reaches 70-75 kN / m2 with the removal of water and air from the vacuum surface; the pressure transmitted to the concrete is reduced, since part of the load is spent on determining the forces of internal friction and the development of contact stresses in the solid phase.
PECULIARITIES OF INFORMATION SECURITY IN MOBILE DEVICES RUNNING THE ANDROID OPERATING SYSTEM
Authors: Barkalov Yu. M. , Nesterov A. D.
Published: August 2019

Objectives The article presents a formal model of information security in mobile devices running the Android operating system, an example of detection and investigation of malicious software, as well as static and dynamic analysis of malicious software.

Method To protect sensitive information on mobile devices, you can use software and organizational measures at the same time.

Result The proposed formal model of information security and analysis of suspected malicious software will ensure the security of information in mobile devices, as well as reduce the risk of threats to an acceptable level at a minimum cost of the protection system. The presented algorithm of the application designed for illegal transfer of funds, as well as an example of the analysis of this application will allow the specialist to improve the quality of their professional tasks in the analysis of incidents in the field of information security.

Conclusion Due to the fact that today there is no scientifically based method of detection and analysis of malicious software in the memory of mobile devices, the information provided in this article will help to improve the efficiency of information protection in mobile devices running the Android operating system.
GENERAL PRINCIPLES OF CONSTRUCTION OF SYSTEMS OF INDEXATION OF ELEMENTS OF FINITE SETS
Authors: Kadiev I. P.
Published: August 2019

Objectives Definition of general principles for constructing indexing systems for elements of finite sets.

Method. Building a model of the indexing process. Definition of general rules for assigning attributes - indices to elements of sets.

Result. The general principle of constructing indexing systems for elements of sets and their aggregates is proposed. The basis of the proposed indexing principle is the mandatory presence of functional relationships between the values of the element indices. The main sign of differences in indexing systems is the difference in functional dependencies between the values of the indices of the environment elements. Indexing systems determine the structural properties of sets and their aggregates. A change in indexing systems predetermines a change in structure. This allows one to form sets, sets with different structures from elements of the initial configurations, and change their structural properties.

Conclusion. A general principle is proposed for constructing systems for indexing elements of sets and their aggregates, based on which are functional dependencies between element indices. Changes in the used functional dependencies between the element indices, as shown in the work, allows one to form combinatorial configurations with different structural properties. The indexing system is a set of rules for assigning to the elements sets of attributes - indices, ensuring their visibility and communication with the environment and determining their structural properties. At the heart of the construction of any structures and indexing systems are some common basic principles for their construction. They are illustrated based on the indexing systems used in classical algebra. Based on the results of a study of the principles of constructing indexing systems, a generalized model of indexing systems is proposed. As a general principle, which is a general principle of constructing indexing systems, a system of functional dependencies between the values of the indices of an element of sets and the values of the indices of the elements of its environment is proposed as a model.
Re-Imagining the Concept of Forced Migration in the Face of Climate Change
Authors: Mukuki Allan M
Published: August 2019

This article analyses the impacts of climate change which are no longer only within the scientific realm. This analysis reveals the effects of climate change and the challenges that it poses to the current refugee definition and the existing regime of refugee protection in international law. An all-inclusive refugee definition under international law, to include climate change as a Convention ground for people to seek refugee status is argued for herein. Judicial expansion of the definition and the development of soft law principles to cater for climate migrants is also discussed. Nevertheless, it is also noted that there exist numerous challenges in the re-imagination of the concept of forced migration in the face of climate change. Political considerations as well as a lack of State will and consensus on the existence of climate migrants have been the most visible challenges yet.