bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The External Validity of Mapping MSIS-29 on EQ-5D Among Individuals With Multiple Sclerosis in Sweden
Authors: Ernstsson Olivia , Tinghög Petter , Alexanderson Kristina , Hillert Jan , Burström Kristina
Published: February 2017

Background: Mapping can be performed to predict utility values from condition-specific measures when preference-based measures are absent. A previously developed algorithm that predicts EQ-5D-3L index values from the Multiple Sclerosis Impact Scale (MSIS-29) has not yet been externally validated. Aim: To examine the external validity of a previously developed mapping algorithm by testing the accuracy of predicting EQ-5D-3L index values from MSIS-29 among multiple sclerosis (MS) patients in Sweden. Methods: Cross-sectional individual-level data were collected from population-based Swedish registers between 2011 and 2014. Health-related quality of life was assessed through MSIS-29 and EQ-5D-3L at one point in time among 767 individuals with known disability level of MS. A previously developed mapping algorithm was applied to predict EQ-5D index values from MSIS-29 items, and the predictive accuracy was assessed through mean absolute error and root mean square error. Results: When applying the algorithm, the predicted mean EQ-5D-3L index value was 0.77 compared to the observed mean index value of 0.75. Prediction error was higher for individuals reporting EQ-5D values <0.5 compared to individuals reporting EQ-5D values ≥0.5. Mean absolute error (0.12) and root mean square error (0.18) were smaller or equal to the prediction errors found in the original mapping study. Conclusion: The mapping algorithm had similar predictive accuracy in the two independent samples although results showed that the highest predictive performance was found in groups with better health. Varied predictive accuracy in subgroups is consistent with previous studies and strategies to deal with this are warranted.
Who Is In Charge of the City? In Memory of K.C. Sivaramakrishnan
Authors: Mathur Om Prakash
Published: February 2017

Governing metropolitan cities has been and continues to be a problematic undertaking in much of the world, India being no exception. In his lifelong engagement with the urban sector, K.C. Sivaramakrishnan, in whose memory this article is written, explored the complexities of metropolitan cities, their make-up and composition, and the heterogeneity of ways in which they were governed, and concluded that the fundamental question of bringing the large number of municipalities, parastatals and functional units under one composite management structure has remained elusive. Attributing it, at least in the case of India, to the fear of the aggregation of power at the level of a city, he considered it incomprehensible that India, which is at the cusp of rapid growth of metropolitan cities, would opt for sub-optimal management structures, absorbing the huge costs that such structures entail for its economy.
Pitch Systems and Curwen Hand Signs: A Review of Literature
Authors: Frey-Clark Marta
Published: February 2017

Learning to sing from notation is a complex task, and accurately performing pitches without an external reference can be particularly challenging. As such, the use of mnemonic devices to reinforce tonal relationships is a long-standing practice among musicians. Chief among these mnemonic devices are pitch syllable systems and Curwen hand signs. This review of literature is intended to equip choral and general music educators with information on the (a) rationales, (b) classroom use, and (c) effectiveness of pitch systems and Curwen hand signs. Recommendations for educators include choosing a prevalent pitch system, namely movable do or scale degree numbers, and using Curwen hand signs in the manner originally intended by Curwen.
Developing a new diagnostic algorithm for human papilloma virus associated oropharyngeal carcinoma: An investigation of HPV DNA assays
Authors: Cohen Natasha , Gupta Michael , Doerwald-Munoz Lilian , Jang Dan , Young James Edward Massey , Archibald Stuart , Jackson Bernard , Lee Jenny , Chernesky Max
Published: February 2017

Background

Human papilloma virus (HPV) has been implicated in the development of a large proportion of oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC). Current techniques used to diagnose HPV etiology require histopathologic analysis. We aim to investigate the diagnostic accuracy of a new application non-histopathologic diagnostic tests to help assist diagnosis of HPV-related oropharyngeal tumors.

Methods

Patients with OPSCC with nodal metastasis were consecutively recruited from a multidisciplinary cancer clinic. Appropriate samples were collected and analyzed. The various tests examined included COBAS® 4800, Cervista® HR and Genotyping. These tests were compared to p16 staining, which was used as the diagnostic standard. StataIC 14.2 was used to perform analysis, including sensitivity, specificity and receiver operator characteristic [ROC] curves.

Results

The COBAS® FNA (area under ROC 0.863) and saliva (area under ROC 0.847) samples performed well in diagnosing HPV positive and negative tumors. Samples tested with Cervista® did not corroborate p16 status reliably. We were able to increase the diagnostic yield of the COBAS® FNA samples by applying the results of the saliva test to negative FNA samples which correctly identified 11 additional p16 positive tumors (area under ROC 0.915).

Conclusion

Surrogate testing for HPV using alternate methods is feasible and closely predicts the results of standard diagnostic methods. In the future, these could minimize invasive procedures for diagnosing HPV-related oropharyngeal cancer, but also help to diagnose and treat patients with unknown primaries.
Atomap: a new software tool for the automated analysis of atomic resolution images using two-dimensional Gaussian fitting
Authors: Nord Magnus , Vullum Per Erik , MacLaren Ian , Tybell Thomas , Holmestad Randi
Published: February 2017

Scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) data with atomic resolution can contain a large amount of information about the structure of a crystalline material. Often, this information is hard to extract, due to the large number of atomic columns and large differences in intensity from sublattices consisting of different elements. In this work, we present a free and open source software tool for analysing both the position and shapes of atomic columns in STEM-images, using 2-D elliptical Gaussian distributions. The software is tested on variants of the perovskite oxide structure. By first fitting the most intense atomic columns and then subtracting them, information on all the projected sublattices can be obtained. From this, we can extract changes in the lattice parameters and shape of A-cation columns from annular dark field images of perovskite oxide heterostructures. Using annular bright field images, shifts in oxygen column positions are also quantified in the same heterostructure. The precision of determining the position of atomic columns is compared between STEM data acquired using standard acquisition, and STEM-images obtained as an image stack averaged after using non-rigid registration.
A blueprinting approach to service innovation in private educational institutions
Authors: Kim Youn Sung , Lee DonHee , Cha Ju hang
Published: February 2017

This study proposes an efficient service delivery system using a blueprinting approach to service innovation in private educational institutions. This case study presents a flow chart based on administration blueprinting of a private preparatory school for college entrance examination, located in South Korea, to streamline process criteria based on administrative procedures for students and their parents. The results of the case study provide useful planning information for successful implementation of service blueprinting in private educational institutions. The study results are expected to help improve customer encounters as the service provider can employ effective processes. The study also sheds light on new operational management strategies for service innovation. By continuously improving information sharing, service encounters are expected to enhance customer satisfaction. The blueprinting technique can streamline the sequence of customer activities in a service process to meet customer expectations and needs. Thus, the approach could help researchers and administrators as certain how they might implement the system to correct failure points to successfully resolve difficulties.
Fault damage zone at subsurface: A case study using 3D seismic attributes and a clay model analog for the Anadarko Basin, Oklahoma
Authors: Liao Zonghu , Liu Hui , Jiang Zheng , Marfurt Kurt J. , Reches Ze’ev
Published: February 2017

Using 3D seismic attributes and the support of a clay model that served as an analog, we mapped and analyzed a 32 km (20 mi) long, north–south-striking, right-lateral fault in the Woodford Shale, Anadarko Basin, Oklahoma, USA. Volumetric coherence, dip azimuth, and curvature delineated an approximately 1.5 km (approximately 5000 ft) wide damage zone with multiple secondary faults, folds, and flexures. The clay analog enabled us to identify these features as belonging to a complex transpressional Riedel structure. We also suggest that the damage zone contains dense subseismic fractures associated with multiscale faulting and secondary folding that may correspond to highly permeable features within the Woodford Shale.
Depocenter migration of the Ordos Basin in the late Triassic and its controls on shale distribution
Authors: Wang Jing , Li Xiangbo , Liu Huaqing , Deng Xiuqin , Wanyan Rong
Published: February 2017

The Ordos Basin has abundant conventional and unconventional oil and gas resources. Focusing on shale oil in the Ordos Basin, we studied the distribution, depositional features, and resource potential of shales in the upper Triassic Yanchang Formation based on the Ordos Basin development and depocenter migration. During the late Triassic, the Ordos Basin was a large cratonic sedimentary basin that bordered to the Hexi Corridor to the west, the southern North China block to the east, the Qilian and western Qinling orogenic zone to the south, and the foot of the Yin Mountains to the north. During deposition of the Yanchang Formation, its depocenter was not fixed. It migrated to the west before deposition of the Chang 7 oil layer and to the south after deposition of the Chang 7 oil layer. Controlled by the depocenter migration and relevant deep-lake facies, the Yanchang Formation mainly developed two sets of source rocks. The dark mudstone and shale in the Chang 9 oil layer is chiefly distributed in the south-central region of the basin, with thicknesses of 4–16 m and covers an area of approximately [Formula: see text]. The shales in the Chang 7 oil layer can be divided into two types, black oil shale and dark mudstone, and they are much thicker and more widespread than the dark mudstone in the Chang 9 oil layer. The black shale alone can be up to 60 m thick, and covers an area of more than [Formula: see text]. The shales in the Chang 7 and 9 oil layers were mainly formed in a deep-lake environment that produced high concentrations of organic matter and large hydrocarbon generation potential. According to preliminary estimates, the Chang 7 oil shale may contain [Formula: see text] of oil, thereby representing a huge resource potential with broad exploration prospectivity.
Population Structure and Growth of the Threatened Pen Shell, Pinna rudis (Linnaeus, 1758) in a Western Mediterranean Marine Protected Area
Authors: NEBOT COLOMER E. , VÁZQUEZ-LUIS M. , GARCÍA-MARCH J. R. , DEUDERO S.
Published: February 2017

Coastal ecosystems are being extensively degraded by human activities. Benthic, slow-growing and long-lived species are highly vulnerable to these impacts. Marine protected areas might avoid biodiversity losses through habitat protection. The pen shell Pinna rudis is a protected species, but scarce data are available on its ecology and biology. The present study is a comprehensive ecological study encompassing several unknown aspects of the growth and inner record in relation to habitat types, density and size distribution. A total of 418 strip transects were conducted by scuba diving in the Marine Protected Area of Cabrera National Park (39.14° N, 2.96° E), during the summers of 2011, 2012 and 2013. Sampling was conducted across different habitats and depths exploring 152,146.35 m2 in total. Densities varied spatially within the park (from 0 to 6.89 ind./100 m2) corresponding to a wide range of sizes and ages. Most pen shells were patchily distributed and mainly concentrated in caves. Two hotspots with high densities represent the highest densities ever recorded worldwide, showing a possible link to high larval accumulation and settlement. The population size structure showed a unimodal distribution with shell width ranging from 6.2 to 25.0 cm, with an average shell width of 16.0 ± 3.4 cm. The absolute growth was asymptotic, with a maximum age and length of 28-31 years and 45 cm, respectively. This study on the biology and ecology of a well-established population of Pinna rudis in the Western Mediterranean could set a baseline for the conservation of this species in other areas.
A new species of Augeneria (Polychaeta: Lumbrineridae) from deep waters of the Aegean Sea (eastern Mediterranean)
Authors: KURT-SAHIN G. , ÇINAR M. E. , GONULAL O.
Published: February 2017

A new species of Lumbrineridae, Augeneria profundicola sp. nov. is described based on one specimen taken from 950 m depth on muddy bottom off Gökçeada Island (northern Aegean Sea). This new species is characterized by having seven small nuchal antennae arranged in a circle line on the prostomium and bidentate maxilla II. The morphological features of this species were compared with those of all Augeneria species described so far. A taxonomic key to all Augeneria species is also provided.
First detection of Mnemiopsis leidyi (Ctenophora, Bolinopsidae) in Sardinia (S’Ena Arrubia Lagoon, Western Mediterranean): a threat for local fishery and species recruitment
Authors: DICIOTTI R. , CULURGIONI J. , SERRA S. , TRENTADUE M. , CHESSA G. , SATTA C. T. , CADDEO T. , LUGLIE A. , SECHI N. , FOIS N.
Published: February 2017

The invasive comb jelly Mnemiopsis leidyi is a lobate ctenophore native of coastal and estuarine waters of the temperate western Atlantic Ocean. In the last decades this species has expanded its range of distribution, colonizing marine and transitional environments in Europe. In October 2015, during a survey fishing the European eel Anguilla anguilla in Sardinia (western Mediterranean), a massive bloom of this specie was observed in the eutrophic S’Ena Arrubia Lagoon for the first time. In November 2015, sampling was conducted at three stations in the lagoon and in a fyke net, in order to estimate the abundance of M. leidyi and to determine its impact on the fishing activity. The results showed an abundance of 2.83 ctenophores m-3. Specimens were all adults, measuring 18 - 62 mm total length. The abundant number of ctenophores (6837 individuals per fyke net) damaged fishing operations, reducing catches and affecting the performance of fishing gears. Since there is no effective mechanical, chemical or biological method to counter M. leidyi, the short term economic damage may be approached by new management measures of fisheries. In addition, other actions against the recurring of M. leidyi invasion, can include management strategies, in particular those finalized to reduce the high trophic state of the lagoon.
The trophic position of the Atlantic blue crab Callinectes sapidus Rathbun 1896 in the food web of Parila Lagoon (South Eastern Adriatic, Croatia): a first assessment using stable isotopes.
Authors: MANCINELLI G. , GLAMUZINA B. , PETRIĆ M. , CARROZZO L. , GLAMUZINA L. , ZOTTI M. , RAHO D. , VIZZINI S.
Published: February 2017

The Atlantic blue crab Callinectes sapidus is to date widely distributed in the Mediterranean Sea, where is recognized as an Invasive Alien Species. Noticeably, while records of its occurrence are increasing, quantitative information on its functional role in the benthic food webs of invaded coastal habitats are scarce.Here, carbon and nitrogen isotopic signatures were measured in C. sapidus and other representative taxa of the benthic flora and fauna sampled in summer in the Parila Lagoon, a coastal basin located in the Neretva River estuary area (Croatia). d15N values of individual blue crab specimens were used to calculate their trophic position (TP) , using the filter feeder mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis as the isotopic baseline. In general, the isotopic signature of C. sapidus was comparable with those characterizing invertebrate and fish predators (e.g., Hexaplex trunculus, Gobius niger). An average  trophic position of 3.73 was estimated for the blue crab population. However, a considerable inter-individual variation was observed in TP values, significantly related with the size of the specimens. Interestingly, a hump-shaped quadratic polynomial resulted the best fitting model for the data, characterized for small-size individuals by a positive body size-TP relationship, leveling or even turning negative for larger adult crabs. The interplay between environmental factors and ontogenetic diet shifts in determining the trophic position of the blue crab and, ultimately, its ecological impact on the benthic community of the Parila Lagoon is discussed.
Suitability of artisanal fishery discards as feed for juvenile tub gurnard (Chelidonichthys lucerna L.) reared in sea bottom cages in the mid Adriatic Sea
Authors: RONCARATI A. , MARIOTTI F. , FELICI A. , MELIGRANA M. , MELOTTI P.
Published: February 2017

The suitability of using discards from artisanal fisheries as feed for wild-caught Chelidonichthys lucerna (L.) reared in submerged cages in the Adriatic Sea was investigated. Three-hundred juvenile tub gurnard (72.9 ± 11 g, 18 ± 1 cm) were captured and separated into four circular 35.3 m3 submerged cages. Two stocking densities were used: two cages contained 60 fish each (1.7 fish m-3; CG-L) and two cages contained 90 fish each (2.55 fish m-3; CG-H). Growth performance and survival rates were recorded over a 240 day period during which tub gurnard were fed with a variety non-target fishery discards, including common crab, sardine, Atlantic chub mackerel, anchovy, and salema. The survival rate was approximately 90% in both groups (CG-L = 91% and CG-H = 90%), with final stocking densities of 0.32 kg m-3 and 0.49 kg m-3 for the CG-L and CG-H groups, respectively. There were no significant differences in final mean body weight or length between the CG-L group (206 ± 23 g, 24.6 ± 2 cm) and the CG-H group (215.5 ± 32 g, 24.8 ± 2 cm). The condition index was similar between the two groups (1.38 and 1.42 for CG-L and CG-H, respectively). The feed conversion ratio was high in both the CG-H (2.39) and CG-L (2.32) cages. These results demonstrate that viable growth rates of tub gurnard may be obtained by feeding recycled fishery discards and rearing in cages placed on the seabed, which allows for the natural benthic behavior of this species.
Setting an ecological baseline prior to the bottom-up establishment of a marine protected area in Santorini island, Aegean Sea
Authors: SALOMIDI M. , GIAKOUMI S. , GERAKARIS V. , ISSARIS Y. , SINI M. , TSIAMIS K.
Published: February 2017

Since 2010, a bottom-up initiative has been launched in Santorini Island (Aegean Sea, Eastern Mediterranean) for the establishment of the first fully-protected marine protected area in the Cyclades, aiming at improving fisheries and enhancing responsible recreational uses at sea. Following discussions with local small-scale fishers and divers, two sites along the southern and southeastern coasts of the island were suggested as suitable to this end. In 2012, a baseline study was conducted at these areas to assess their state and provide an ecological snapshot that would enable sound designation and monitoring. Several ad hoc indices and metrics were applied, taking into account structural and functional features of the upper infralittoral algae and Posidonia oceanica beds. An integrated assessment of the infralittoral fish assemblages and their associated benthic communities was also performed. Our most important findings were: (i) the low total fish biomass and the absence of adult top predators, indicating overfishing; (ii) the overgrazing effects of the overabundant alien herbivore spinefoot fishes (Siganus spp.), as reflected by the abnormal structure of the algal communities; (iii) the scarcity of signs of pollution or other direct anthropogenic pressures, as indicated by the good environmental status of the P. oceanica meadows and the upper infralittoral vegetation; and (iv) the presence of a rich diversity of species and habitats, especially along the Akrotiri Peninsula and the wider volcanic Caldera. These findings provide useful insights on strengths and weaknesses of the study area and are discussed together with their implications for protection and management.
Case Report: Use of reinforced buccal mucosa graft over gracilis muscle flap in management of post high intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) rectourethral fistula
Authors: Jai Shrikant , Ganpule Arvind , Singh Abhishek , Vijaykumar Mohankumar , Bopaiah Vinod , Sabnis Ravindra , Desai Mahesh
Published: February 2017

High intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) has come forward as alternative treatment for carcinoma of the prostate. Though minimally invasive,HIFUhas potential side effects. Urethrorectal fistula is one such rare side effect. Management of these fistulas has been described by Vanni et al.

This case report describes points of technique that will help successful management of resilient rectourethral fistula. Urinary and faecal diversion in the form of suprapubic catheter and colostomy is vital. Adequate time between stoma formation, fistula closure and then finally stoma closure is needed. Lithotomy position and perineal approach gives best exposure to the fistula. The rectum should be dissected 2cm above the fistula; this aids in tension free closure of the rectal defect. Similarly buccal mucosal graft was used on the urethra to achieve tension free closure. A good vascular pedicle gracilis muscle flap is used to interpose between the two repairs. This not only provides a physical barrier but also provides a vascular bed for BMG uptake. Perfect haemostasis is essential, as any collection may become a site of infection thus compromising results.

 We strongly recommend rectourethral fistula be directly repaired with gracilis muscle flap with reinforced buccal mucosa graft without attempting any less invasive repairs because the “first chance is the best chance”.
Web-based questionnaires: Lessons learned from practical implementation of a pharmacoepidemiological study
Authors: Cândido Raissa , Perini Edson , Menezes de Pádua Cristiane , Junqueira Daniela
Published: February 2017

Web-based questionnaires may offer advantages over traditional methods of data collection, including a less administrative workload and reduced respondent burden. However, the implementation of this mode of data collection carries other challenges and may demand more technical expertise to be designed and delivered. Here, we use the preliminary data from a survey developed to estimate the prevalence of methylphenidate use for cognitive enhancement among undergraduate and graduate students, to share the lessons we learned while implementing this online mode of data collection. We show that surveys using a web-based questionnaire should be carried out by a multidisciplinary team with support from Information Science specialists. Limitations to access these resources or budget constraints may demand a considerable effort to assure the success of the survey. Web-questionnaires are usually described as easy to use and economically encouraging. Therefore, we believe our experience, and the lessons we learned, may be a relevant resource for researchers from general backgrounds intending to undertake their first web-questionnaire.
Compression hosiery: selection and use for older people in care
Authors: Hampton Sylvie
Published: February 2017

Knowing which compression hosiery suits a given resident can be quite challenging, given the wide range of products available. In this article, Sylvie Hampton discusses how stockings should be chosen, and what can be done to make them easier to apply
Construyendo ciudad desde las organizaciones sociales en la periferia oriente de la Ciudad de México
Authors: Rodríguez Cortés Luisa Fernanda
Published: February 2017

El desarrollo de la Ciudad de México ha conllevado la configuración de un espacio social y político, marcado por la fuerte presencia de procesos organizativos que se articulan con formas clientelares de intercambio. Este artículo indaga en esa imbricada relación a partir de dos organizaciones sociales que se desarrollan en el oriente de la ciudad. Se argumenta que las organizaciones sociales se han adaptado a los cambios sociales de los últimos veinte años, pero permanecen como ejes centrales de las relaciones políticas, así como de la configuración del espacio social en la periferia oriente de la Ciudad de México.
Industrialiser l’Indochine (1898–1900)?:Entre “petite patrie” lyonnaise et réseaux à l’échelle du monde
Authors: Klein Jean-François
Published: February 2017

The mooring of the Third French Republic, at the beginning of the 1880s, depended as much on the will of the Opportunistes—for the most part men linked to Gambetta—as on the Modérés, given that colonial expansionism represented a neutral terrain on which these men could meet. The local level, that of the petites patries, here Lyon, provides a methodological space to attempt to understand how this République des hommes d’affaires, to use Jean Garigue’s expression, constructed both the French Imperial project and the way to run this project. It allows us also to understand how the liberal lyonnaises elites—mercantile, industrial, and financial—played a role in shaping its economic implantation in Indochina, particularly in Tonkin and Annam. At the turn of the century, a small nebula of patrons and local politiques, of national and imperial dimension, gathered around Ulysse Pila—the Lyonnais paragon of colonization in East Asia and Southeast Asia—played a crucial role in the first phase of Indochinese industrialization. Their dynamism reveals a play which can be read on three levels: local (Lyon/Tonkin), national (France/Indochina), and international (Colonial empire/East Asia and Southeast Asia). More than a mere form of municipal imperialism, their commitment, both financial and ideological, allows the elucidation of a constructive network of the French patronat, on the eve of the Belle Époque.
Intraparenchymal Epididymal Cyst (IEC) 4 cm in Diameter in a 15-Year Old Male Patient; a Case Report and Review of the Literature
Authors: Patoulias Dimitrios , Kalogirou Maria , Patoulias Ioannis
Published: February 2017

Intraparenchymal epididymal cysts (IECs) are benign cystic formations of the epididymis of unknown pathogenesis, which typically appear in adolescence or adulthood. In patients older than 14 years old their prevalence is doubled. After systematic and thorough research of the current literature, we did not find another case report of intraparenchymal epididymal cyst with similar dimensions. The male patient, 15 years old, visited our outpatient department complaining of pain in the right hemiscrotum. Diagnosis of IEC was confirmed after the conduction of ultrasound examination. Patient underwent surgical exploration of the right hemiscrotum. Resection of the IEC followed. Postoperative course was uneventful, with recession of the symptoms. In our opinion, IECs should be surgically removed, either when they are symptomatic or when they are asymptomatic, but of a diameter greater than 1 cm and without regression tendency.
„Czemuż nie zostawiłem tej kartki pustej?!” – obraz felietonopisarstwa i felietonisty w tekstach Macieja Stuhra pisanych dla „Zwierciadła”
Authors: Rybka Małgorzata , Wrześniewska-Pietrzak Marta
Published: February 2017

The text presents linguistic image of a feuilletonist and writing a feuilleton in the texts written by Maciej Stuhr in “Zwierciadło” from January 2009 to April 2016. Analyses were conveyed according to the cognitive methodology and lead to the constructing the concept of writing a feuilleton that is combined with the problem of autotematism in the texts of Maciej Stuhr. The linguistic image of a feuilletonist is presented regarding the theory of autobiographism and the sender – reader relationship. The mentioned elements have enabled the authors of this article to read the entire image of a feuilletonist and present basic types of sender – reader relationship that characterizes Maciej Stuhr as a journalist – feuilletonist that is aware of his writing workshop.
Z dziejów polskich przymiotników znaczących ‘chytry’
Authors: Krótki Zuzanna
Published: February 2017

In the article there were analyzed etymologically and semantically 37 names of adjectives ‘crafty’ in the Old Polish lexicology. The material was gathered from all available lexicographical sources registering the vocabulary to the end of 19th century.It was evidenced that the formal structures investigated adjectives implied pictures such as: the picture of grasping at something, a picture of efficiency and excellence in particular field, the image of vector of change movement, the picture of phatamorgana, deception of something duplicitous, the figure of something hidden. Moreover the gross of analyzed units found its place in noun-derivation group of actions manifesting – cunningness or created in the ‘noun place’ with figurative sense. The implemented analysis depicted the differences between old Polish and the contemporary Polish language demonstrating itself on the par with lexicology and semantics.
Alcohol Policies and Alcohol-Related Motor Vehicle Crash Fatalities Among Young People in the US
Authors: Hadland Scott E , Xuan Ziming , Sarda Vishnudas , Blanchette Jason , Swahn Monica H , Heeren Timothy C , Voas Robert B , Naimi Timothy S
Published: February 2017

BACKGROUND:

Motor vehicle crashes (MVCs) are a leading cause of death among young people in the United States. We examined the relationship between states’ alcohol policy environments and alcohol-related MVC fatalities among children, adolescents, and young adults under the minimum legal drinking age of 21 years.

METHODS:

We used the Alcohol Policy Scale (APS), an assessment of 29 alcohol policies across 50 states and Washington, DC, developed with the assistance of an interdisciplinary Delphi panel. Using the Fatality Analysis Reporting System, we examined APS scores in relation to fatalities of people ≤20 years old from 2000 to 2013 occurring in crashes in which ≥1 involved driver had a blood alcohol content ≥0.08%. Logistic regression was used with a 1-year lag between policies and MVC fatalities and adjusted for potential confounders.

RESULTS:

Of 84 756 MVC fatalities of those ≤20 years old during the study period, 23 757 (28.0%) were alcohol related, including deaths of 11 006 (46.3%) drivers, 10 212 (43.0%) passengers, and 2539 (10.7%) pedestrians, cyclists, and others. People killed in alcohol-related MVCs were predominantly male (72.7%) and older (65.5% were 18–20 years old), and 51.2% were non-Hispanic white. Restrictive policy environments were associated with fewer fatalities (adjusted odds ratio, 0.91 per 10-percentage-point increase in APS score; 95% confidence interval, 0.89–0.94). The association was observed for drivers and passengers, male and female decendents, and children, adolescents, and young adults.

CONCLUSIONS:

More restrictive alcohol policies are associated with reduced alcohol-related MVC mortality among young people. Studies should scrutinize the relationship between policies and fatalities to highlight mechanisms.
Prospektív vizsgálat a sigmoideoscopia diagnosztikai érzékenységének meghatározására vastagbelet infiltráló endometriosisban
Authors: Lukovich Péter , Csibi Noémi , Brubel Réka , Tari Krisztina , Csuka Szilvia , Harsányi László , Rigó Jr. János , Bokor Attila
Published: February 2017

Abstract:

Introduction and aim: In the treatment of colorectal endometriosis a multidisciplinary laparoscopic resection is suggested, for this reason the correct selection of bowel infiltration is essential before surgery. Patients and method: Between 2009 and 2015, 383 sigmoidoscopies were performed in patients with endometriosis. Where mucosal invasion was absent secondary signs (wall rigidity, impression, kinking, pain during the examination, suffusion) were analysed. In endoscopically confirmed cases multidisciplinary surgery was performed, the remaining patients were operated by a gynecologic team only. Results: Endometriosis was endoscopically confirmed in 224 patients (58.49%), 108 of them underwent multidisciplinary operation, the negative 135 cases received gynaecological surgery. Bowel endometriosis was confirmed in 103 out of 108 cases intraoperatively, while in 8 cases of the sigmoidoscopically negative patients bowel infiltration was diagnosed intraoperatively by the gynaecological team. Complete sigmoidoscopy was performed in 43.47% of the cases. Intraluminal endometriosis was found in 4.91%, secondary signs as rigidity in 38.39%, impression in 45.54%, kinking in 57.14%, pain (in cases of examination without narcosis) in 26.06% and suffusion in 3.82% of the cases was found during sigmoidoscopy. Sigmoidoscopic examination has a 92.8% specificity and 96.2% sensitivity in cases of bowel endometriosis. Conclusion: Sigmoidoscopy performed by an experienced gastroenterologist is a highly sensitive examination for the diagnosis of bowel endometriosis. Orv. Hetil., 2017, 158(7), 264–269.
KARAKTERISTIK DAN VARIABILITAS PARAMETER-PARAMETER OSEANOGRAFI LAUT JAWA HUBUNGANNYA DENGAN DISTRIBUSI HASIL TANGKAPAN IKAN
Authors: Gaol Jonson Lumban , Sadhotomo Bambang
Published: February 2017

Penelitian kondisi oseanografi Laut Jawa telah dilakukan sejak 90 tahun yang lewat, sehingga data yang tersedia sudah cukup banyak. Studi ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis kembali data suhu dan salinitas yang diperoleh dari basis data world ocean data-2001 serta data deret waktu suhu permukaan laut dan konsentrasi klorofil-a hasil deteksi satelit dari basis data NASA. Analisis deret waktu dilakukan untuk melihat pengaruh musim dan iklim global terhadap lingkungan perairan dan sumber daya ikan di Laut Jawa. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa variasi parameter-parameter oseanografi Laut Jawa dipengaruhi oleh angin muson dan iklim global ENSO dan variasi ini mempengaruhi distribusi ikan. This study based on remote sensing and in situ data, aimed to synthesize the effect of seasonal and interannual changes on the environment of Java Sea and its relationship with distribution of fish. Data of sea surface temperature, salinity, and chlorophyll-a data generated from Word Ocean Data- 2001 and NASA were used in the analysis. Time series analysis shows that variation of oceanographic parameters in Java Sea are affected by monsoon and ENSO and these variations affected on distribution of fish.
Heavy-cargo passage on arch bridges by matching attached loads
Authors: Simeng Liu , Chen Zeng-shun
Published: February 2017

It is common practice to transport heavy equipment via highway bridges. However, their strength may be insufficient in some situations and at present there are limited solutions applicable to long-span arch bridges. A matching load technique was thus developed by which vehicles with heavy cargo can pass over bridges by carefully placing calculated supplementary loads on the structures instead of applying strengthening. In this work, the relation between the strength of an arch section and the deviation of the thrust line from the neutral axis was analysed. It was found that arches have great reserves of strength if the deviation is minimised. Then, the crucial role that the eccentricity of the thrust on a section plays in current strength calculation algorithms was investigated. As a consequence, a criterion employed to examine qualitatively whether the section has adequate strength was established. Based on these analyses, the matching load technique was developed. The technique was validated on a 130 m long single-span arch bridge and was shown to provide a passage scheme to allow the safe transportation of a 400 t load.
Sustainability of industrialised building system for housing in Malaysia
Authors: Oleiwi Maryam Qays , Mohamed Mohd Farid , Che-Ani Adi Irfan , Raman Sudharshan N
Published: February 2017

The key issues in sustainable construction, such as environmental, economic and social issues, have become a global concern. The Construction Industry Master Plan 2006–2015 intended to address sustainability in the Malaysian construction industry with the objective of globalising its market. The Malaysian government has also pledged to provide high-quality housing for all income groups. However, low quality remains the main obstacle for this type of construction. Therefore, this paper aims to describe and explore the potential of the industrialised building system (IBS) to achieve sustainability for housing projects in Malaysia. A review of the literature was completed. It was found that many studies have highlighted the significance of using the IBS for enhancing the quality of buildings. Nevertheless, the literature review also revealed that no study has looked into the potential of attaining sustainability through the IBS in the Malaysian housing sector and that housing projects in this country should be given due attention regarding construction sustainability through IBS application.
Mode I fracture behaviour of sandstone after heat treatment
Authors: Su H. , Jing H. , Yu L. , Yin Q. , Han G.
Published: February 2017

The stability of rock in engineering applications, such as exploiting geothermal resources and underground coal gasification, is seriously affected by its fracture behaviour during or after high-temperature exposure. Three-point bending (TPB) tests on sandstone samples with different pre-existing crack lengths after heat treatment were conducted to investigate the influence of temperature and crack length on the mode I fracture properties. As the temperature increased, the fracture toughness first increased and then decreased gradually, reaching a peak value at 200°C. While the a/h (the ratio of the crack length to the height of the sample) was between 0·29 and 0·37, the crack length had no detectable effect on fracture toughness. The crack initiation load, critical tensile strain and the propagation process of mode I cracks were obtained based on the uniqueness of the crack propagation path under TPB and maximum strain theory.
Hermes, the Leviathan and the Grand Narrative of New Institutional Economics: The Quest for Development in the Eighteenth-Century Kingdom of Naples
Authors: Clemente Alida , Zaugg Roberto
Published: February 2017

Hermes, the Leviathan and the Grand Narrative of New Institutional Economics: The Quest for Development in the Eighteenth-Century Kingdom of Naples

The scholarly tradition of New Institutional Economics has tended to explain the «rise of the West» and global inequalities through models distinguishing virtuous institutional paths, which grant property rights and the enforcement of contracts, to non-virtuous ones of which Mediterranean absolutist monarchies are considered to be paradigmatic examples. This essay retraces the emergence of this grand narrative, examining its Anglo-centric leanings and its use of the concept of «absolutism ». By reviewing historiographical studies dealing with the question of southern Italy's economic decline during the early modern age, and by investigating the reforms enacted during the eighteenth century in the Kingdom of Naples in order to create economically efficient institutions, it challenges dichotomous images opposing predatory absolutist states to development-enhancing institutional models dominated by merchants and entrepreneurs. Through an archive-based analysis of the reforms of the judicial and the customs system, it argues that economic and political power asymmetries amongst different states deeply affect the attempts at institutional reform within individual states.
The effect of the level of total sodium deposited in the myocardium on its stiffness
Authors: Arutyunov G. P. , Dragunov D. O. , Arutyunov A. G. , Sokolova A. V. , Papyshev I. P. , Kildyushov E. M. , Negrebetsky V. V. , Fedorova V. N.
Published: February 2017

Aim. To determine a relationship between the level of total sodium in the myocardium to its stiffness. Subjects and methods. The investigation enrolled 18 hypertensive patients who had suddenly died; their mean age was 4010 years; mean waist circumference, 10212.5 cm; height, 1707.7 cm; myocardial mass, 31953 g. Results. The variation in the myocardial level of total sodium averaged 211.737.5 (min, 71.5; max, 226.17) mmol/l. The sodium level was ascertained to be affected to the greatest extent by myocardial mass (SS=3615.56; p=0.00029) and age at death (SS=1965.568; p=0.0029), whereas gender and smoking had a considerably lower impact (SS=778.584; p=0.03). A univariate regression analysis showed that there was a relationship between myocardial sodium levels and the thickness of the anterior wall of the left ventricle (=0.94; p=0.000001; r2=0.88), that of the anterior wall of the right ventricle (=0.82; p=0.000021; r2=0.66), and that of the interventricular septum (=0.94; p=0.000001; r2=0.89). The wall thickness of the myocardium was established to depend on its sodium level (SS=21813.89; p=0.000001; r2=0.88): the higher sodium amount in the myocardium, the thicker its walls. The average velocity of acoustic wave propagation was 6.240.51 m/sec. A significant correlation was observed between sodium concentrations in the myocardium and its stiffness (=0.72; p=0.00062; r2=0.49). Conclusion. The level of sodium deposited in the myocardium, which is directly related to dietary sodium intake, is significantly correlated with myocardial stiffness. It can be assumed that the elevated level of sodium deposited in the myocardium is an independent factor that changes the stiffness of the myocardium and appears to influence the development of its diastolic dysfunction.
Light-chain deposition disease is a hematologic problem
Authors: Rekhtina I G , Mendeleeva L P , Biryukova L S
Published: February 2017

Aim. To analyze clinical and laboratory data and treatment results in patients with light-chain deposition disease (LCDD). Subjects and methods. Nine patients with LCDD and kidney injury were examined. The diagnosis was based on the results of light and immunofluorescence microscopy of renal biopsy specimens. All the patients received bortezomib, cyclophosphamide, and dexamethasone (VCD) induction therapy. Results. Six patients were diagnosed with multiple myeloma; in 3 patients LCDD was considered within monoclonal gammopathy manly involving the kidney. By the initiation of therapy, all the patients were diagnosed as having chronic kidney disease (Stage III (n=2), Stage IV (n=2), and dialysis-related renal failure (n=5)). After the VCD treatment, 7 of 9 patients achieved a hematologic response. Second-line therapy with lenalidomide proved to be effective in the other 2 cases. Five patients achieved complete remission; 3 had a very good partial remission. Thereafter, 2 patients received high-dose melphalan chemotherapy and autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Better renal function was noted in only 2 cases. Conclusion. Despite the high efficiency of therapy aimed to reduce monoclonal light chains; improved renal function was observed in only 2 (22%) patients. Such low rates of a renal response were due to the late initiation of therapy.
Use of pharmacogenetic testing to prevent adverse drug reactions during statin therapy
Authors: Rumyantsev N A , Kukes V G , Kazakov R E , Rumyantsev A A , Sychev D A
Published: February 2017

The number of patients receiving statins increases every year and due to the fact that they should take statins during their lives, the problem of their safety use comes to the forefront. The paper analyzes the safety of using the medications of this group and discusses the diagnosis of myopathies induced by statins and the occurrence of immune-mediated statin myopathies. It considers a personalized approach to prescribing statins, analyzes Russian and foreign experience in using pharmacogenetics to reduce the risk of myopathies, publishes the results of the authors’ experience in clinically introducing pharmacogenetic testing at hospitals, and analyzes the long-term results of determining the polymorphism of the SLCO1B1 gene for the prediction of the risk of adverse events when using statins and estimating patient compliance to prescribed treatment.
The Application of Blackboard in the English Courses at Al Jouf University: Perceptions of Students
Authors: Pusuluri Sreehari , Mahasneh Abdullah , Alsayer Badr Ahmed Monawer
Published: February 2017

The purpose of this study is to investigate the perceptions of students on the use of Blackboard in the Department of English at Al Jouf University. Al Jouf University is located in Al Jouf province in the northwestern part of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. A cohort of 50 male students of the university participated in this study. The sample population was selected randomly. The data was collected using a questionnaire. The results of the study suggest that though the students neither agree nor disagree about Blackboard offering a lively and interesting environment, they report that Backboard offers variety in the learning of their courses and it helps them learn various aspects of their courses at their own pace. The findings imply that Blackboard could be used as an effective medium to provide variety in the instruction as well as to help create a motivational environment for learners.
The Effectiveness of Concept Sentence Model toward Writing Skill of Persuasive Paragraph
Authors: Munirah Munirah
Published: February 2017

The aim of this study is to describe the students’ skill to write persuasive paragraph at the tenth class of SMA Muhammadiyah 2 Makassar. There are four characteristics of writing skill, namely 1) writing skill is a complex skill, 2) writing skill tends to the skill or practice, 3) it is skill mechanistic, and 4) mastery writing skill should through the gradual and accumulative activities. The observation was found that the writing skill is difficult to teach. The data collection techniques are the observation, questionnaire, pretest and treatment. The results showed that the students’ skill to write persuasive paragraph was in good category. Based on the results of 30 students, it revealed that 2 students or 6.6% did not get the minimum completeness criteria (KKM) score and 28 students or 93.33% reached the score or above KKM score (70), i.e., 80% is ≥ 75%, so it can be concluded that the students writing skill of persuasive paragraph has met the minimum completeness criteria in classical learning outcome for students who completed it were ≥ 75%. Therefore, it indicates that students are able to write the persuasive paragraph with the average score reaching above the average criteria.