bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Kyoto probe-1 reveals phenotypic differences between mouse ES cells and iTS-P cells
Authors: Miyagi-Shiohira Chika , Saitoh Issei , Watanabe Masami , Noguchi Hirofumi
Published: October 2020

Kyoto probe 1 (KP-1) rapidly distinguishes between human ES/iPS (hES/iPS) cells and their differentiated cells. Recently, we generated induced tissue-specific stem cells from pancreas (iTS-P cells) using reprogramming factors and tissue-specific selection. The iTS-P cells have self-renewal potential, and subcutaneously transplanting them into immunodeficient mice did not generate teratomas. In this study, we applied KP-1 to analyze mouse ES (mES) cells and mouse iTS-P (miTS-P) cells. KP-1 completely stained mES cells in colonies, but only miTS-P cells at the edge of a colony. This difference was caused by cell type-specific expression of different ABC transporters. These finding suggest that KP-1 will be useful for distinguishing between iPS and iTS-P cells.
Route to high-$$T_{c}$$ superconductivity of $$\hbox {BC}_{{7}}$$ via strong bonding of boron–carbon compound at high pressure
Authors: Tsuppayakorn-aek Prutthipong , Yang Xiaoyong , Pluengphon Prayoonsak , Luo Wei , Ahuja Rajeev , Bovornratanaraks Thiti
Published: October 2020

We have analyzed the compositions of boron–carbon system, in which the $$\hbox {BC}_{{7}}$$

BC
7

compound is identified as structural stability at high pressure. The first-principles calculation is used to identify the phase diagram, electronic structure, and superconductivity of $$\hbox {BC}_{{7}}$$

BC
7

. Our results have demonstrated that the $$\hbox {BC}_{{7}}$$

BC
7

is thermodynamically stable in the diamond-like $$P{\bar{4}}m2$$

P

4

¯

m
2

structure at a pressure above 244 GPa, and under temperature also. Feature of chemical bonds between B and C atoms is presented using the electron localization function. The strong chemical bonds in diamond-like $$P{\bar{4}}m2$$

P

4

¯

m
2

structure are covalent bonds, and it exhibits the s–p hybridization under the pressure compression. The Fermi surface shape displays the large sheet, indicating that the diamond-like $$P{\bar{4}}m2$$

P

4

¯

m
2

phase can achieve a high superconducting transition temperature ($$\hbox {T}_{{c}}$$

T
c

). The outstanding property of $$\hbox {BC}_{{7}}$$

BC
7

at 250 GPa has manifested very high-$$\hbox {T}_{{c}}$$

T
c

of superconductivity as 164 K, indicating that the carbon-rich system can induce the high-$$\hbox {T}_{{c}}$$

T
c

value as well.
Population pharmacokinetics of levodopa gel infusion in Parkinson’s disease: effects of entacapone infusion and genetic polymorphism
Authors: Senek M. , Nyholm D. , Nielsen E. I.
Published: October 2020

Levodopa-entacapone-carbidopa intestinal gel (LECIG) provides continuous drug delivery through intrajejunal infusion. The aim of this study was to characterize the population pharmacokinetics of levodopa following LECIG and levodopa-carbidopa intestinal gel (LCIG) infusion to investigate suitable translation of dose from LCIG to LECIG treatment, and the impact of common variations in the dopa-decarboxylase (DDC) and catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) genes on levodopa pharmacokinetics. A non-linear mixed-effects model of levodopa pharmacokinetics was developed using plasma concentration data from a double-blind, cross-over study of LCIG compared with LECIG in patients with advanced Parkinson’s disease (n = 11). All patients were genotyped for rs4680 (polymorphism of the COMT gene), rs921451 and rs3837091 (polymorphisms of the DDC gene). The final model was a one compartment model with a high fixed absorption rate constant, and a first order elimination, with estimated apparent clearances (CL/F), of 27.9 L/h/70 kg for LCIG versus 17.5 L/h/70 kg for LECIG, and apparent volume of distribution of 74.4 L/70 kg. Our results thus suggest that the continuous maintenance dose of LECIG, on a population level, should be decreased by approximately 35%, to achieve similar drug exposure as with LCIG. An effect from entacapone was identified on all individuals, regardless of COMT rs4680 genotype. The individuals with higher DDC and COMT enzyme activity showed tendencies towards higher levodopa CL/F. The simultaneous administration of entacapone to LCIG administration results in a 36.5% lower apparent levodopa clearance, and there is a need for lower continuous maintenance doses, regardless of patients’ COMT genotype.
The endoluminal pressures during flexible gastrointestinal endoscopy
Authors: Ushimaru Yuki , Nakajima Kiyokazu , Hirota Masashi , Miyazaki Yasuaki , Yamashita Kotaro , Saito Takuro , Tanaka Koji , Makino Tomoki , Takahashi Tsuyoshi , Kurokawa Yukinori , Yamasaki Makoto , Mori Masaki , Doki Yuichiro
Published: October 2020

In flexible gastrointestinal (GI) endoscopy, endoscopic insufflation is crucial and directly affects visualization. Optimal visualization enables endoscopists to conduct better examinations and administer optimal treatments. However, endoscopic insufflation is typically performed manually and is subjective. We aimed to measure the GI endoluminal pressure during flexible GI endoscopy. Participants underwent esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) at our endoscopy center. Pressure measurement was conducted after completing diagnostic or follow-up EGD. The endoluminal pressure in the esophagus and stomach was measured at 1-s intervals for 1 min while performing EGD for observational and diagnostic purposes. During the measurements, the endoscopists maintained what they subjectively considered to be adequate exposure for screening for lesions by dilating the lumen. Eighty patients were enrolled in this study. The upper GI endoluminal pressure was assessed during EGD without adverse events. The esophageal endoluminal pressure averaged 8.9 (− 3.0 to 20.7) mmHg, and the gastric endoluminal pressure averaged 10.0 (3.0–17.9) mmHg; the upper GI endoluminal pressures were not affected by patient-related factors or the number of endoscopists’ postgraduate years. We have successfully obtained the GI endoluminal pressures during EGD. Further accumulation of these data may lead to more stable and reproducible flexible endoscopic diagnosis and intervention.
Chronic stress and antidepressant treatment alter purine metabolism and beta oxidation within mouse brain and serum
Authors: Hamilton Peter J. , Chen Emily Y. , Tolstikov Vladimir , Peña Catherine J. , Picone Joseph A. , Shah Punit , Panagopoulos Kiki , Strat Ana N. , Walker Deena M. , Lorsch Zachary S. , Robinson Hannah L. , Mervosh Nicholas L. , Kiraly Drew D. , Sarangarajan Rangaprasad , Narain Niven R. , Kiebish Michael A. , Nestler Eric J.
Published: October 2020

Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a complex condition with unclear pathophysiology. Molecular disruptions within limbic brain regions and the periphery contribute to depression symptomatology and a more complete understanding the diversity of molecular changes that occur in these tissues may guide the development of more efficacious antidepressant treatments. Here, we utilized a mouse chronic social stress model for the study of MDD and performed metabolomic, lipidomic, and proteomic profiling on serum plus several brain regions (ventral hippocampus, nucleus accumbens, and medial prefrontal cortex) of susceptible, resilient, and unstressed control mice. To identify how commonly used tricyclic antidepressants impact the molecular composition in these tissues, we treated stress-exposed mice with imipramine and repeated our multi-OMIC analyses. Proteomic analysis identified three serum proteins reduced in susceptible animals; lipidomic analysis detected differences in lipid species between resilient and susceptible animals in serum and brain; and metabolomic analysis revealed dysfunction of purine metabolism, beta oxidation, and antioxidants, which were differentially associated with stress susceptibility vs resilience by brain region. Antidepressant treatment ameliorated stress-induced behavioral abnormalities and affected key metabolites within outlined networks, most dramatically in the ventral hippocampus. This work presents a resource for chronic social stress-induced, tissue-specific changes in proteins, lipids, and metabolites and illuminates how molecular dysfunctions contribute to individual differences in stress sensitivity.
Role of locoregional surgery in patients with de novo stage IV breast cancer: analysis of real-world data from China
Authors: Ma Li , Mi Yunzhe , Cui Shude , Wang Haibo , Fu Peifen , Yin Yongmei , Jin Feng , Li Jianbin , Liu Yinhua , Fan Zhimin , Zhang Haiqing , Geng Cuizhi , Jiang Zefei
Published: October 2020

Stage IV breast cancer is metastatic breast cancer (MBC). Because real-world data are lacking in China, our research attempts to explore the effect of locoregional surgery on the prognosis of patients with MBC. A total of 987 patients from 10 hospitals and 2 databases in East China (2004–2018) were included in this study. Overall, 47% of patients underwent locoregional surgery, and 53% did not. Surgeons tended to perform surgery on patients with small tumours (T1/T2), positive hormone receptor (HR) markers, and metastatic sites confined to a single organ and non-visceral sites (bone only/others) (each p < 0.05). Kaplan–Meier survival curves and the log-rank test showed that median survival was longer for patients who had locoregional surgery than for those who did not (45.00 vs. 28.00 months; p < 0.001). Patients who underwent surgery after systemic treatment had better survival than those who underwent surgery immediately (p < 0.001). In most subgroups, overall survival (OS) was significantly longer in the surgery group than in the no-surgery group (each p < 0.05), except for brain metastases and triple negative breast cancer. Therefore, we concluded that locoregional surgery for the primary tumour in MBC patients was associated with a marked reduction in risk of dying except for patients with brain metastases or triple-negative subtype.
Elevated CO2 alters transgene methylation not only in promoterregion but also in codingregion of Bt rice under different N-fertilizer levels
Authors: Liu Yanmin , Wang Yanhui , Chen Geng , Li Chunxu , Jiang Shoulin , Parajulee Megha N. , Chen Fajun
Published: October 2020

The earth has been undergoing climate change, especially in recent years, driven by increasing concentration of atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) and rising earth-surface temperature, which could reduce N allocation to Bt toxin for transgenic Bt crops (Bt crops), but the N fertilization is considered to be an effective method to enhance the C–N balance in Bt crops in the case of elevated CO2 in future. DNA methylation not only in promoterregion but also in codingregion of transgene plays a critical role in transgene expression regulation and silencing of transgenic crops. Recent research has emphasized the risks of increased transgene silencing of Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) rice under elevated CO2. In this study, the effects of elevated CO2 (vs. ambient CO2) on exogenous Bt toxins and transgene expression in promoterregion and codingregion of Bt rice during tillering stage (cv. HH1 expressing fused Cry1Ab/Cry1Ac) were evaluated under three nitrogen (N) fertilizer rate (1/4, 1 and 2 N levels). The aboveground and belowground biomass, and foliar Bt protein content of Bt rice were all significantly increased with the augmentation of N-fertilizer. And elevated CO2 significantly increased belowground biomass, total soluble protein content, transgene methylation levels in promoterregion (P1), and in total of promoterregion(P1) and codingregion (P2 + P3) (i.e., P1 + P2 + P3) at 1 N level, and it also increased transgene methylation levels in codingregion (P2), and in total of promoterregion and codingregion (P1 + P2 + P3) at 2 N level. In addition, elevated CO2 decreased foliar Bt protein content at 1 N level. The transgene methylation levels in promoterregion and codingregion were negatively correlated with Bt-transgene expression level. The methylation level of cytosines located at CG sites was higher than those at CHG and CHH sites in P1, P2 and P3 fragments regardless of the CO2 or N-fertilizer level. The correlation of transgene mehtylation in promoterregion with transgene expression is even stronger than that in codingregion. These data indicate that N fertilization supply will increase the Bt toxin content in transgenic Bt rice, especially under elevated CO2.
Shifts in broadband power and alpha peak frequency observed during long-term isolation
Authors: Weber Jan , Klein Timo , Abeln Vera
Published: October 2020

Prolonged periods of social isolation and spatial confinement do not only represent an issue that needs to be faced by a few astronauts during space missions, but can affect all of us as recently shown during pandemic situations. The fundamental question, how the brain adapts to periods of sensory deprivation and re-adapts to normality, has only received little attention. Here, we use eyes closed and eyes open resting-state electroencephalographic (EEG) recordings to investigate how neural activity is altered during 120 days of isolation in a spatially confined, space-analogue environment. After disentangling oscillatory patterns from 1/f activity, we show that isolation leads to a reduction in broadband power and a flattening of the 1/f spectral slope. Beyond that, we observed a reduction in alpha peak frequency during isolation, but did not find strong evidence for isolation-induced changes that are of oscillatory nature. Critically, all effects reversed upon release from isolation. These findings suggest that isolation and concomitant sensory deprivation lead to an enhanced cortical deactivation which might be explained by a reduction in the mean neuronal population firing rate.
Novel genomic targets of valosin-containing protein in protecting pathological cardiac hypertrophy
Authors: Zhou Ning , Chen Xin , Xi Jing , Ma Ben , Leimena Christiana , Stoll Shaunrick , Qin Gangjian , Wang Charles , Qiu Hongyu
Published: October 2020

Pressure overload-induced cardiac hypertrophy, such as that caused by hypertension, is a key risk factor for heart failure. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain largely unknown. We previously reported that the valosin-containing protein (VCP), an ATPase-associated protein newly identified in the heart, acts as a significant mediator of cardiac protection against pressure overload-induced pathological cardiac hypertrophy. Still, the underlying molecular basis for the protection is unclear. This study used a cardiac-specific VCP transgenic mouse model to understand the transcriptomic alterations induced by VCP under the cardiac stress caused by pressure overload. Using RNA sequencing and comprehensive bioinformatic analysis, we found that overexpression of the VCP in the heart was able to normalize the pressure overload-stimulated hypertrophic signals by activating G protein-coupled receptors, particularly, the olfactory receptor family, and inhibiting the transcription factor controlling cell proliferation and differentiation. Moreover, VCP overexpression restored pro-survival signaling through regulating alternative splicing alterations of mitochondrial genes. Together, our study revealed a novel molecular regulation mediated by VCP under pressure overload that may bring new insight into the mechanisms involved in protecting against hypertensive heart failure.
Tea from the drinking to the synthesis of metal complexes and fabrication of PVA based polymer composites with controlled optical band gap
Authors: Brza M. A. , Aziz Shujahadeen B. , Anuar H. , Ali Fathilah , Dannoun Elham M. A. , Mohammed Sewara J. , Abdulwahid Rebar T. , Al-Zangana Shakhawan
Published: October 2020

In the present study black tea extract (BTE) solution which is familiar for drinking was used to prepare cerium metal-complexes (Ce(III)-complex). The prepared Ce(III)-complex was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and UV–Vis spectroscopy. The results indicate that BTE solution is a novel green coordination chemistry approach for the synthesis of metal complexes. The outcomes signify that coordination occurs between cerium cations and polyphenols. The synthesis of metal-complexes with superior absorption performance in the visible region is a challenge for optoelectronic device applications. The suspended Ce(III)-complex in distilled water was mixed with poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA) polymer to fabricate PVA/ Ce(III)-complex composites with controlled optical properties. The PVA/Ce(III)-complexes composite films were characterized by FTIR, XRD, and UV–Vis spectroscopy. The XRD findings confirms the amorphous structure for the synthesized Ce(III)-complexes. The addition of Ce(III)-complex into the PVA host polymer led to the growth of polymer composites with controllable small optical band gaps. It is shown by the FTIR spectra of the composite films that the functional groups of the host PVA have a vigorous interaction with the Ce(III)-complex. The XRD deconvolution on PVA composites reveals the amorphous phase enlargement with increasing Ce(III)-complex concentration. It is indicated in the atomic force microscopy (AFM) that the surface roughness in the doped PVA films increases with the increase of the Ce(III)-complex. There is a decrease in absorption edge from 5.7 to 1.7 eV. It becomes possible to recognize the type of electron transition by studying both the Tauc's model and optical dielectric loss (ɛi) parameter.
Molecular dynamic simulation of performance of modified BAMO/AMMO copolymers and their effects on mechanical properties of energetic materials
Authors: Wang Ke , Li Huan , Li Jun-qiang , Xu Hui-xiang , Zhang Chao , Lu Ying-ying , Fan Xue-zhong , Pang Wei-qiang
Published: October 2020

Based on molecular dynamic method, densities, mechanical behavior and mechanical performance of P(BAMO/ AMMO) (Polymer 1) and two novel modified P(BAMO/AMMO) (Polymer 2: containing amino group, Polymer 3: containing nitro group), and their effects on mechanical properties of four energetic materials are investigated, the main results are as follow: Polymer 2 (1.235 g/cm3, 240 ± 5 K) and Polymer 3: 1.281 g/cm3, 181 ± 3 K) possess higher densities and lower glass transition temperatures than Polymer 1 (1.229 g/cm3, 247 ± 4 K). The modification makes Polymer 1 difficult to expand, improves its mechanical properties, but has few effect on its diffusion coefficient at same temperature and state. In addition, three binders are compatible with TNT, HMX and CL-20, and may react with DNTF. All polymers particularly improve rigidity of four energetic materials, and enhance their ductility except Polymer 2 on TNT. The ability of Polymer 2 and Polymer 3 improving rigidity (except Polymer 3 on HMX) and ductility of TNT and HMX is inferior to that of Polymer 1, but it is contrary for CL-20 and DNTF (except Polymer 2 on rigidity of DNTF). Moreover, Polymer 2-based interfacial crystals exhibit higher rigidity than Polymer 3-based interfacial crystals.
Anti-apoptotic peptide for long term cardioprotection in a mouse model of myocardial ischemia–reperfusion injury
Authors: Covinhes Aurélie , Gallot Laura , Barrère Christian , Vincent Anne , Sportouch Catherine , Piot Christophe , Lebleu Bernard , Nargeot Joël , Boisguérin Prisca , Barrère-Lemaire Stéphanie
Published: October 2020

Reperfusion therapy during myocardial infarction (MI) leads to side effects called ischemia–reperfusion (IR) injury for which no treatment exists. While most studies have targeted the intrinsic apoptotic pathway to prevent IR injury with no successful clinical translation, we evidenced recently the potent cardioprotective effect of the anti-apoptotic Tat-DAXXp (TD) peptide targeting the FAS-dependent extrinsic pathway. The aim of the present study was to evaluate TD long term cardioprotective effects against IR injury in a MI mouse model. TD peptide (1 mg/kg) was administered in mice subjected to MI (TD; n = 21), 5 min prior to reperfusion, and were clinically followed-up during 6 months after surgery. Plasma cTnI concentration evaluated 24 h post-MI was 70%-decreased in TD (n = 16) versus Ctrl (n = 20) mice (p***). Strain echocardiography highlighted a 24%-increase (p****) in the ejection fraction mean value in TD-treated (n = 12) versus Ctrl mice (n = 17) during the 6 month-period. Improved cardiac performance was associated to a 54%-decrease (p**) in left ventricular fibrosis at 6 months in TD (n = 16) versus Ctrl (n = 20). In conclusion, targeting the extrinsic pathway with TD peptide at the onset of reperfusion provided long-term cardioprotection in a mouse model of myocardial IR injury by improving post-MI cardiac performance and preventing cardiac remodeling.
Fast, large area multiphoton exoscope (FLAME) for macroscopic imaging with microscopic resolution of human skin
Authors: Fast Alexander , Lal Akarsh , Durkin Amanda F. , Lentsch Griffin , Harris Ronald M. , Zachary Christopher B. , Ganesan Anand K. , Balu Mihaela
Published: October 2020

We introduce a compact, fast large area multiphoton exoscope (FLAME) system with enhanced molecular contrast for macroscopic imaging of human skin with microscopic resolution. A versatile imaging platform, FLAME combines optical and mechanical scanning mechanisms with deep learning image restoration to produce depth-resolved images that encompass sub-mm2 to cm2 scale areas of tissue within minutes and provide means for a comprehensive analysis of live or resected thick human skin tissue. The FLAME imaging platform, which expands on a design recently introduced by our group, also features time-resolved single photon counting detection to uniquely allow fast discrimination and 3D virtual staining of melanin. We demonstrate its performance and utility by fast ex vivo and in vivo imaging of human skin. With the ability to provide rapid access to depth resolved images of skin over cm2 area and to generate 3D distribution maps of key sub-cellular skin components such as melanocytic dendrites and melanin, FLAME is ready to be translated into a clinical imaging tool for enhancing diagnosis accuracy, guiding therapy and understanding skin biology.
Lineage tracing reveals evidence of a popliteal lymphatic muscle progenitor cell that is distinct from skeletal and vascular muscle progenitors
Authors: Kenney H. Mark , Bell Richard D. , Masters Elysia A. , Xing Lianping , Ritchlin Christopher T. , Schwarz Edward M.
Published: October 2020

Loss of popliteal lymphatic vessel (PLV) contractions, which is associated with damage to lymphatic muscle cells (LMCs), is a biomarker of disease progression in mice with inflammatory arthritis. Currently, the nature of LMC progenitors has yet to be formally described. Thus, we aimed to characterize the progenitors of PLV-LMCs during murine development, towards rational therapies that target their proliferation, recruitment, and differentiation onto PLVs. Since LMCs have been described as a hybrid phenotype of striated and vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs), we performed lineage tracing studies in mice to further clarify this enigma by investigating LMC progenitor contribution to PLVs in neonatal mice. PLVs from Cre-tdTomato reporter mice specific for progenitors of skeletal myocytes (Pax7+ and MyoD+) and VSMCs (Prrx1+ and NG2+) were analyzed via whole mount immunofluorescent microscopy. The results showed that PLV-LMCs do not derive from skeletal muscle progenitors. Rather, PLV-LMCs originate from Pax7−/MyoD−/Prrx1+/NG2+ progenitors similar to VSMCs prior to postnatal day 10 (P10), and from a previously unknown Pax7−/MyoD−/Prrx1+/NG2− muscle progenitor pathway during development after P10. Future studies of these LMC progenitors during maintenance and repair of PLVs, along with their function in other lymphatic beds, are warranted.
Dynamin-2 R465W mutation induces long range perturbation in highly ordered oligomeric structures
Authors: Hinostroza Fernando , Neely Alan , Araya-Duran Ingrid , Marabolí Vanessa , Canan Jonathan , Rojas Maximiliano , Aguayo Daniel , Latorre Ramón , González-Nilo Fernando D. , Cárdenas Ana M.
Published: October 2020

High order oligomers are crucial for normal cell physiology, and protein function perturbed by missense mutations underlies several autosomal dominant diseases. Dynamin-2 is one of such protein forming helical oligomers that catalyze membrane fission. Mutations in this protein, where R465W is the most frequent, cause dominant centronuclear myopathy, but the molecular mechanisms underpinning the functional modifications remain to be investigated. To unveil the structural impact of this mutation in dynamin-2, we used full-atom molecular dynamics simulations and coarse-grained models and built dimers and helices of wild-type (WT) monomers, mutant monomers, or both WT and mutant monomers combined. Our results show that the mutation R465W causes changes in the interactions with neighbor amino acids that propagate through the oligomer. These new interactions perturb the contact between monomers and favor an extended conformation of the bundle signaling element (BSE), a dynamin region that transmits the conformational changes from the GTPase domain to the rest of the protein. This extended configuration of the BSE that is only relevant in the helices illustrates how a small change in the microenvironment surrounding a single residue can propagate through the oligomer structures of dynamin explaining how dominance emerges in large protein complexes.
Optogenetic sleep enhancement improves fear-associated memory processing following trauma exposure in rats
Authors: Davis Christopher J. , Vanderheyden William M.
Published: October 2020

Sleep disturbances are commonly found in trauma-exposed populations. Additionally, trauma exposure results in fear-associated memory impairments. Given the interactions of sleep with learning and memory, we hypothesized that increasing sleep duration following trauma exposure would restore overall function and improve trauma-induced fear-associated memory dysfunction. Here, we utilized single prolonged stress, a validated rodent model of post-traumatic stress disorder, in combination with optogenetic activation of hypothalamic melanin-concentrating hormone containing cells to increase sleep duration. The goal of this work was to ascertain if post-trauma sleep increases are sufficient to improve fear-associated memory function. In our laboratory, optogenetic stimulation after trauma exposure was sufficient to increase REM sleep duration during both the Light and Dark Phase, whereas NREM sleep duration was only increased during the Dark Phase of the circadian day. Interestingly though, animals that received optogenetic stimulation showed significantly improved fear-associated memory processing compared to non-stimulated controls. These results suggest that sleep therapeutics immediately following trauma exposure may be beneficial and that post-trauma sleep needs to be further examined in the context of the development of post-traumatic stress disorder.
Odor habituation can modulate very early olfactory event-related potential
Authors: Kim Kwangsu , Bae Jisub , Jin Youngsun , Moon Cheil
Published: October 2020

Odor habituation is a phenomenon that after repeated exposure to an odor, is characterized by decreased responses to it. The central nervous system is involved in odor habituation. To study odor habituation in humans, measurement of event-related potentials (ERPs) has been widely used in the olfactory system and other sensory systems, because of their high temporal resolution. Most previous odor habituation studies have measured the olfactory ERPs of (200–800) ms. However, several studies have shown that the odor signal is processed in the central nervous system earlier than at 200 ms. For these reasons, we studied whether when odors were habituated, olfactory ERP within 200 ms of odors could change. To this end, we performed an odor habituation behavior test and electroencephalogram experiments. In the behavior test, under habituation conditions, odor intensity was significantly decreased. We found significant differences in the negative and positive potentials within 200 ms across the conditions, which correlated significantly with the results of the behavior test. We also observed that ERP latency depended on the conditions. Our study suggests that odor habituation can involve the olfactory ERP of odors within 200 ms in the brain.
Skin swabbing is a refined technique to collect DNA from model fish species
Authors: Tilley Ceinwen A. , Carreño Gutierrez Hector , Sebire Marion , Obasaju Oluwapelumi , Reichmann Florian , Katsiadaki Ioanna , Barber Iain , Norton William H. J.
Published: October 2020

Model fish species such as sticklebacks and zebrafish are frequently used in studies that require DNA to be collected from live animals. This is typically achieved by fin clipping, a procedure that is simple and reliable to perform but that can harm fish. An alternative procedure to sample DNA involves swabbing the skin to collect mucus and epithelial cells. Although swabbing appears to be less invasive than fin clipping, it still requires fish to be netted, held in air and handled—procedures that can cause stress. In this study we combine behavioural and physiological analyses to investigate changes in gene expression, behaviour and welfare after fin clipping and swabbing. Swabbing led to a smaller change in cortisol release and behaviour on the first day of analysis compared to fin clipping. It also led to less variability in data suggesting that fewer animals need to be measured after using this technique. However, swabbing triggered some longer term changes in zebrafish behaviour suggesting a delayed response to sample collection. Skin swabbing does not require the use of anaesthetics and triggers fewer changes in behaviour and physiology than fin clipping. It is therefore a more refined technique for DNA collection with the potential to improve fish health and welfare.
Longitudinal analysis of surgical outcome in subjects with pulsatile tinnitus originating from the sigmoid sinus
Authors: Lee Sang-Yeon , Kim Min-Kyung , Bae Yun Jung , An Gwang Seok , Lee Kyogu , Choi Byung Yoon , Koo Ja-Won , Song Jae-Jin
Published: October 2020

A dominant sigmoid sinus with either diverticulum or dehiscence (SS-Div/SS-Deh) is a common cause of pulsatile tinnitus (PT). For PT originating from SS-Div/SS-Deh, an etiology-specific and secure reconstruction using firm materials is vital for optimal outcomes. As a follow-up to our previous reports on transmastoid SS resurfacing or reshaping for SS-Div/SS-Deh, this study aimed to evaluate the long-term results of transmastoid resurfacing/reshaping. We retrospectively reviewed 20 PT patients who were diagnosed with SS-Div/SS-Deh, underwent transmastoid resurfacing/reshaping, and were followed up for more than 1 year postoperatively. For PT, immediate and long-term changes (> 1 year) in loudness and annoyance were analyzed using the visual analog scale (VAS). Additionally, pre and postoperative objective measurements of PT using transcanal sound recording and spectro-temporal analysis (TSR-STA), imaging results, and audiological findings were comprehensively analyzed. Significant improvements in PT were sustained or enhanced for > 1 year (median follow-up period: 37 months, range: 12–54 months). On TSR-STA, both peak and root mean square amplitudes decreased after surgery. Also, the average pure-tone threshold at 250 Hz improved after surgery. Thus, our long-term follow-up data confirmed that the surgical management of PT originating from SS-Div/SS-Deh is successful with regard to both objective and subjective measures.
Lung gene expression signatures suggest pathogenic links and molecular markers for pulmonary tuberculosis, adenocarcinoma and sarcoidosis
Authors: Chai Qiyao , Lu Zhe , Liu Zhidong , Zhong Yanzhao , Zhang Fuzhen , Qiu Changgen , Li Bingxi , Wang Jing , Zhang Lingqiang , Pang Yu , Liu Cui Hua
Published: October 2020

Previous reports have suggested a link between pulmonary tuberculosis (TB), which is caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), and the development of lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) and sarcoidosis. Furthermore, these lung diseases share certain clinical similarities that can challenge differential diagnosis in some cases. Here, through comparison of lung transcriptome-derived molecular signatures of TB, LUAD and sarcoidosis patients, we identify certain shared disease-related expression patterns. We also demonstrate that MKI67, an over-expressed gene shared by TB and LUAD, is a key mediator in Mtb-promoted tumor cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. Moreover, we reveal a distinct ossification-related TB lung signature, which may be associated with the activation of the BMP/SMAD/RUNX2 pathway in Mtb-infected macrophages that can restrain mycobacterial survival and promote osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells. Taken together, these findings provide novel pathogenic links and potential molecular markers for better understanding and differential diagnosis of pulmonary TB, LUAD and sarcoidosis.
Structural determinants of dynamic fluctuations between segregation and integration on the human connectome
Authors: Fukushima Makoto , Sporns Olaf
Published: October 2020

While segregation and integration of neural information in the neocortex are thought to be important for human behavior and cognition, the neural substrates enabling their dynamic fluctuations remain elusive. To tackle this problem, we aim to identify specific network features of the connectome that are responsible for the emergence of dynamic fluctuations between segregated and integrated patterns in human resting-state functional connectivity. Here we examine the contributions of network features to dynamic fluctuations by constructing rewired surrogate connectome in which network features of interest are selectively preserved, and then by assessing the magnitude of fluctuations simulated with these surrogates. Our analysis demonstrates significant contributions from global geometry and topology of the connectome, as well as from localized structural connections involving visual areas. By providing structural accounts of dynamic fluctuations in functional connectivity, this study offers new insights into generative mechanisms driving temporal changes in segregation and integration in the brain.
UvrD helicase–RNA polymerase interactions are governed by UvrD’s carboxy-terminal Tudor domain
Authors: Kawale Ashish A. , Burmann Björn M.
Published: October 2020

All living organisms have to cope with the constant threat of genome damage by UV light and other toxic reagents. To maintain the integrity of their genomes, organisms developed a variety of DNA repair pathways. One of these, the Transcription Coupled DNA-Repair (TCR) pathway, is triggered by stalled RNA Polymerase (RNAP) complexes at DNA damage sites on actively transcribed genes. A recently elucidated bacterial TCR pathway employs the UvrD helicase pulling back stalled RNAP complexes from the damage, stimulating recruitment of the DNA-repair machinery. However, structural and functional aspects of UvrD’s interaction with RNA Polymerase remain elusive. Here we used advanced solution NMR spectroscopy to investigate UvrD’s role within the TCR, identifying that the carboxy-terminal region of the UvrD helicase facilitates RNAP interactions by adopting a Tudor-domain like fold. Subsequently, we functionally analyzed this domain, identifying it as a crucial component for the UvrD–RNAP interaction besides having nucleic-acid affinity.
PRL-2 phosphatase is required for vascular morphogenesis and angiogenic signaling
Authors: Poulet Mathilde , Sirois Jacinthe , Boyé Kevin , Uetani Noriko , Hardy Serge , Daubon Thomas , Dubrac Alexandre , Tremblay Michel L. , Bikfalvi Andreas
Published: October 2020

Protein tyrosine phosphatases are essential modulators of angiogenesis and have been identified as novel therapeutic targets in cancer and anti-angiogenesis. The roles of atypical Phosphatase of Regenerative Liver (PRL) phosphatases in this context remain poorly understood. Here, we investigate the biological function of PRL phosphatases in developmental angiogenesis in the postnatal mouse retina and in cell culture. We show that endothelial cells in the retina express PRL-2 encoded by thePtp4a2gene, and that inducible endothelial and globalPtp4a2mutant mice exhibit defective retinal vascular outgrowth, arteriovenous differentiation, and sprouting angiogenesis. Mechanistically,PTP4A2deletion limits angiogenesis by inhibiting endothelial cell migration and the VEGF-A, DLL-4/NOTCH-1 signaling pathway. This study reveals the importance of PRL-2 as a modulator of vascular development.
Exogenous L-arginine increases intestinal stem cell function through CD90+ stromal cells producing mTORC1-induced Wnt2b
Authors: Hou Qihang , Dong Yuanyang , Huang Jingxi , Liao Chaoyong , Lei Jiaqi , Wang Youli , Lai Yujiao , Bian Yifei , He Yang , Sun Jingjing , Sun Meng , Jiang Qiuyu , Wang Bo , Yu Zhengquan , Guo Yuming , Zhang Bingkun
Published: October 2020

The renewal and repair of intestinal epithelium depend on the self-renewal of intestinal stem cells (ISCs) under physiological and pathological conditions. Although previous work has established that exogenous nutrients regulate adult stem cell activity, little is known about the regulatory effect of L-arginine on ISCs. In this study we utilize mice and small intestinal (SI) organoid models to clarify the role of L-arginine on epithelial differentiation of ISCs. We show that L-arginine increases expansion of ISCs in mice. Furthermore, CD90+ intestinal stromal cells augment stem-cell function in response to L-arginine in co-culture experiments. Mechanistically, we find that L-arginine stimulates Wnt2b secretion by CD90+ stromal cells through the mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) and that blocking Wnt2b production prevents L-arginine-induced ISC expansion. Finally, we show that L-arginine treatment protects the gut in response to injury. Our findings highlight an important role for CD90+ stromal cells in L-arginine-stimulated ISC expansion.
Information-rich high-throughput cellular assays using acoustic mist ionisation mass spectrometry
Authors: Bachman Martin , Sinclair Ian , Ivanov Delyan , Wingfield Jonathan
Published: October 2020

A workflow for high-content metabolomic analysis of cellular assays was developed using acoustic mist ionisation mass spectrometry.
Nickel(ii)-modified covalent-organic framework film for electrocatalytic oxidation of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF)
Authors: Cai Meng , Ding Sha , Gibbons Bradley , Yang Xiaozhou , Kessinger Matthew C. , Morris Amanda J.
Published: October 2020

Nickel(ii)-modified covalent-organic framework (COF) film exhibited electrocatalytic oxidation of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) with ∼96% conversion.
Surface structure-dependent photocatalytic O2 activation for pollutant removal with bismuth oxyhalides
Authors: Li Hao , Ai Zhihui , Zhang Lizhi
Published: October 2020

2D bismuth oxyhalides allow the dynamic and selective O2 activation at the surface molecular level for photocatalytic pollutant removal.
Ligand-regulated self-assembly of luminescent Au nanoparticles towards diverse controllable superstructures
Authors: Zhou Tingyao , Li Qizhen , Chen Yong , Jiang Xingyu
Published: October 2020

A facile approach is presented to in situ fabricate a series of Au nano-assemblies with high controllability and in a tunable manner.
Enhancing photoelectrochemical performance of ZnIn2S4 by phosphorus doping for sensitive detection of miRNA-155
Authors: Liu Hongyan , Ai Simin , Liu Yajuan , Zeng Hongmei , Da Huimei , Liu Yaling , Chai Yaqin , Yuan Ruo
Published: October 2020

The photoelectrochemical performance of ZnIn2S4 was enhanced by P doping for the sensitive detection of the cancer biomarker microRNA-155.
Palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling reaction of sulfoxonium ylides and benzyl bromides by carbene migratory insertion
Authors: Yan Kaichuan , He Maoyao , Li Jianglian , He Hua , Lai Ruizhi , Luo Yi , Guo Li , Wu Yong
Published: October 2020

A palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling reaction of sulfoxonium ylides with benzyl bromides is reported, which could afford polysubstituted olefins and features good substrate tolerance.
Protection of highly active sites on Cu2O nanocages: an efficient crystalline catalyst for ammonium perchlorate decomposition
Authors: Lv Tao-Tao , Wang Hui-Xiang , Ren Xiao-Bo , Wang Lian-Cheng , Ding Rui-Min , Cao Jing-Pei , Lv Bao-Liang
Published: October 2020

A simple strategy to fabricate crystalline catalysts exposing highly active sites was demonstrated.
Crystallisation of organic salts by sublimation: salt formation from the gas phase
Authors: Lombard Jean , Smith Vincent J. , le Roex Tanya , Haynes Delia A.
Published: October 2020

Co-sublimation of two neutral components yields crystals of salts and co-crystals. Experiments show that during sublimation of salts, proton transfer occurs after molecules enter the gas phase.
A quantum biochemistry investigation of the protein–protein interactions for the description of allosteric modulation on biomass-degrading chimera
Authors: Silva Sérgio Ruschi Bergamachi , de Lima Neto José Xavier , Fuzo Carlos Alessandro , Fulco Umberto Laino , Vieira Davi Serradella
Published: October 2020

Detailed binding energies features of interdomain allosteric modulation caused by xylose binding for enhanced xylanolytic activity on xylanase-XBP chimera.
The synergistic effect of Er3+ and Ho3+ on temporal color tuning of upconversion emission in a glass host via a facile excitation modulation technique for anti-counterfeiting applications
Authors: Erol Erdinç , Kıbrıslı Orhan , Vahedigharehchopogh Naji , Çelikbilek Ersundu Miray , Ersundu Ali Erçin
Published: October 2020

Emission color tuning of Er3+/Ho3+ ions in a fixed glass host for anti-counterfeiting applications.
Thermally-induced hysteretic valence tautomeric conversions in the solid state via two-step labile electron transfers in manganese-nitronyl nitroxide 2D-frameworks
Authors: Lecourt Constance , Izumi Yuuta , Khrouz Lhoussain , Toche François , Chiriac Rodica , Bélanger-Desmarais Nicolas , Reber Christian , Fabelo Oscar , Inoue Katsuya , Desroches Cédric , Luneau Dominique
Published: October 2020

Solid-state layered structures of manganese(ii)-nitronyl nitroxide 2D-frameworks exhibit two-step valence tautomeric conversions with hysteresis from near room temperature to warmer regions upon varying the intercalated anion types.
Record-efficiency flexible perovskite solar cell and module enabled by a porous-planar structure as an electron transport layer
Authors: Chung Jaehoon , Shin Seong Sik , Hwang Kyeongil , Kim Geunjin , Kim Ki Woong , Lee Da Seul , Kim Wansun , Ma Boo Soo , Kim Young-Ki , Kim Taek-Soo , Seo Jangwon
Published: October 2020

Porous planar structure, as a new concept of low temperature processing ETL, enables to achieve unprecedented PCE in flexible unit cells and large area modules.
Low energy intensity production of fuel-grade bio-butanol enabled by membrane-based extraction
Authors: Kim Ji Hoon , Cook Marcus , Peeva Ludmila , Yeo Jet , Bolton Leslie W. , Lee Young Moo , Livingston Andrew G.
Published: October 2020

Innovative membrane-based extraction system tailoring affinity-driven separation enables continuous biodiesel production with high productivity and low energy consumption.
Luteolin cooperated with metformin hydrochloride alleviates lipid metabolism disorders and optimizes intestinal flora compositions of high-fat diet mice
Authors: Ge Xiaodong , Wang Chang'e , Chen Huiling , Liu Tingting , Chen Ligen , Huang Ying , Zeng Feng , Liu Bin
Published: October 2020

LU·MH regulates lipid metabolism signaling pathways and intestinal flora to alleviate lipid metabolism disorders of high-fat diet mice.
6-Paradol and its glucoside improve memory disorder in mice
Authors: Yamaguchi Kaho , Mitsunaga Tohru , Yamauchi Kosei
Published: October 2020

We found a vanilloid compound 6-paradol (6P) and its glucoside (6PG), which can improve memory disorder in mice. 6P stimulated the elongation of dendrites by increasing Ca2+ influx in PC12 cells.
Algae-based electrochemical energy storage devices
Authors: Parsimehr Hamidreza , Ehsani Ali
Published: October 2020

Different parts of electrochemical energy storage devices including the electrode, binder, electrolyte, and membrane have been prepared from algae and algal derivatives.
Hydrothermal liquefaction and gasification of biomass and model compounds: a review
Authors: Yang Chuang , Wang Shuzhong , Yang Jianqiao , Xu Donghai , Li Yanhui , Li Jianna , Zhang Yishu
Published: October 2020

Catalytic hydrotreatment of HTL biocrude oil, SCWG of biomass, and hydrothermal conversion of model compounds are reviewed.
Sustainable access to sulfonic acids from halides and thiourea dioxide with air
Authors: Zhang Hui , Wang Ming , Jiang Xuefeng
Published: October 2020

A sustainable strategy was explored for the synthesis of sulfonic acids via the combination of halides, thiourea dioxide and air.
Isolation of circulating fetal trophoblasts by a four-stage inertial microfluidic device for single-cell analysis and noninvasive prenatal testing
Authors: Huang Yifang , Yu Sheng , Chao Shuzhe , Wu Limei , Tao Maliang , Situ Bo , Ye Xinyi , Zhang Ye , Luo Shihua , Chen Weishan , Jiang Xiujuan , Guan Guofeng , Zheng Lei
Published: October 2020

A novel four-stage inertial microfluidic chip is developed for isolating rare circulating trophoblastic cells from whole blood samples of pregnancies. The antibody-free, low-cost assay may serve as a useful platform for noninvasive prenatal testing.
Microfluidic devices powered by integrated elasto-magnetic pumps
Authors: Binsley Jacob L. , Martin Elizabeth L. , Myers Thomas O. , Pagliara Stefano , Ogrin Feodor Y.
Published: October 2020

Integrated elasto-magnetic pumps power portable microfluidic devices for point of care testing.
Phase formation of manganese oxide thin films using pulsed laser deposition
Authors: Garten Lauren M. , Selvarasu Praneetha , Perkins John , Ginley David , Zakutayev Andriy
Published: October 2020

The manganese oxide thin films deposited by PLD in this work vary significantly from the expected equilibrium phases of the bulk materials or nanoparticles.
Sonochemical catalysis as a unique strategy for the fabrication of nano-/micro-structured inorganics
Authors: Li Zhanfeng , Dong Jun , Zhang Huixin , Zhang Yongqiang , Wang Huiqi , Cui Xuejun , Wang Zonghua
Published: October 2020

Sonochemical catalysis serving as a facile and short-time strategy is widely used in the fabrication of nano-/micro-structured inorganicsviaultrasound-assisted approaches.
Evidence of a magnetic transition in atomically thin Cr2TiC2Tx MXene
Authors: Hantanasirisakul Kanit , Anasori Babak , Nemsak Slavomir , Hart James L. , Wu Jiabin , Yang Yizhou , Chopdekar Rajesh V. , Shafer Padraic , May Andrew F. , Moon Eun Ju , Zhou Jun , Zhang Qinghua , Taheri Mitra L. , May Steven J. , Gogotsi Yury
Published: October 2020

Evidence for a magnetic transition in atomically thin chromium titanium carbide MXene (Cr2TiC2Tx) has been shown experimentally using a combination of magnetometry, spectroscopy, and magnetotransport measurements.
Synthesis of a hierarchically structured Fe3O4–PEI nanocomposite for the highly sensitive electrochemical determination of bisphenol A in real samples
Authors: Ramu A. G. , Telmenbayar L. , Theerthagiri J. , Yang D. , Song M. , Choi Dongjin
Published: October 2020

In this work, a novel, highly sensitive and cost-effective sensing electrode was fabricated for the sensitive detection of bisphenol A in milk and water samples.
Enzyme-free detection of uric acid using hydrothermally prepared CuO·Fe2O3nanocrystals
Authors: Rahman Mohammed M. , Hussain Mohammad Musarraf , Asiri Abdullah M.
Published: October 2020

Copper oxide doped iron oxide nanocrystals (CuO·Fe2O3NCs) were prepared using a simple hydrothermal technique at low temperature in an alkaline medium.
Stimulus-responsive conformational transformation of peptide with cell penetrating motif for triggered cytotoxicity
Authors: Lee Jeonghun , Oh Eun-Taex , Joo Ye-eun , Kim Ha Gyeong , Park Heon Joo , Kim Chulhee
Published: October 2020

A modified KLA peptide with an intramolecular disulfide bond and a cell penetrating sequence is developed for enhanced intracellular uptake and triggered selective cytotoxicity towards cancer cells by stimulus-responsive conformational transformation.