bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ten simple rules for meaningful meetings.
Authors: Lortie Christopher J , Allen Joseph A. , Darling Hoby , Walshe Andy , Abrahams Matt , Wharton Scott
Published: November 2019

Most people in modern organizations do not like meetings. Frustration from the fact that there are too many meetings is a likely culprit because there at least 55 million meetings each day in the US with many millions more held around the world. The prevalence and impact of meetings suggests that they are a grand challenge to human well being. This editorial provides a contemporary set of simple rules to consider for the management of meetings and research in this specific domain. A review was used to search for concepts associated with the study of meetings through formal syntheses of evidence in the primary research literature. In total, ten rules for more meaningful meetings are identified along with a short discussion of their implications. The salient themes that emerged were a paradigm of experimental and design thinking for meetings, attention to the human dimension of meetings, technology cannot be avoided so should be carefully used, and creativity is a viable outcome from many meetings.
Intentional Self-Harm and Personality Traits using Big Five Factor Model in Patients Presenting to a Tertiary Level Hospital
Authors: Paudyal S , Ojha SP , Tulachan P , Dhungana S , Kafle R
Published: November 2019

Introduction: Suicide is an important, largely preventable public health problem. The occurrence of suicide and suicidal behavior has been increasing dramatically. There is a growing recognition that the personality traits is important risk factor for intentional self-harm (suicide/ purposely self-inflicted poisoning or injury). This study was done to assess the personality traits in patients presenting with intentional self-harm and relationship of intent of the self-harm with personality traits.

Material And Method: A cross sectional study was conducted in patients presenting with Intentional self-harm to tertiary hospital emergency department. Patients who met inclusion criteria and gave consent during six months period were included, Socio demographic information and detailed history was taken. The suicide intent scale and five factor model rating form were administered to the patients.

Results: Most patients who presented with intentional self –harm scored median score of 4 (high) in anger hostility, self-consciousness, impulsivity and altruism traits while in other traits they scored neutral score, which concluded that patients who presented with intentional self–harm were more bitter, short-tempered, timid, impulsive and sacrificial. The study showed that the relation of certain traits as anxiousness, impulsivity, vulnerability, gregariousness, ideas, trust, straightforwardness, altruism, competence, order and SIS grading was statistically significant (p=<0.05).

Conclusion: Our findings suggest that patients who presented with intentional self–harm were more bitter, short–tempered, timid, impulsive and sacrificial. Further patients who committed intentional self harm with low intent were more impulsive, vulnerable, outgoing, haphazard and sloppy as compared to those who committed with high intent who were rather more anxious and sacrificial.
Common Mental Disorders and Substance Use in School Children of Eastern Nepal
Authors: Sharma P , Sharma P , Thakur N , Sharma S , Pokharel M
Published: November 2019

Introduction: School mental health is one of the important areas where early detection can lead to appropriate early intervention and burden of disease can be minimized. There is dearth of prevalence studies of common mental disorders on school going adolescents in Nepal. Considering this we aimed to study the prevalence of common mental health problems and substance use in school going adolescents.

Material And Method: We evaluated 240 students for common mental disorders (depression and anxiety) using translated version of PHQ-4 and substance use single validated question after taking consent from school authorities and assent from students.

Results: It was seen that 68.8 % students had psychological distress. 22.9 % and 27.5% of students had anxiety and depression respectively on screener and 23.3% students had use of substance at least once within a year. When compared male had significantly higher number of substance use as compared to female but no difference in PHQ-4 scores were seen when compared between gender and history of substance use.

Conclusion: The study shows the current scenario of school going adolescents in Nepal and highlights the need of prevalence data on more generalizable setting.
Assessment of Pre-Operative Anxiety among Patients in Selected Hospitals of Rupandehi, Nepal
Authors: Dhungana M , Limbu R , Shrestha M
Published: November 2019

Introduction: The prevalence of pre-operative anxiety among patients undergoing various surgeries is as high as 60% to 90%. The pre-operative anxiety have serious outcomes and can increase the risk of post-operative complications like pain, prolonged recovery, and longer hospitalization. Pre-operative anxiety may be transient or chronic and can lead to aggressive reactions and undue stress as well.

Material And Method: A descriptive study was designed to assess the level and contributing factors to anxiety among preoperative patients. Non-probability purposive sampling technique was used to select the patients from Devdaha Medical College and Research Institute, Bhaluhi and Mercy City Hospital, Butwal, Rupendehi district. Semi-structured interview schedule and Beck Anxiety Inventory Scale (BAI) were used to collect data. The collected data were analyzed by using descriptive and inferential statistics with Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) software version 16.

Results: Among 150 respondents 57.3%, 26.6%, and 16% respondents had severe, moderate and low anxiety levels respectively. The contributing factors for pre-operative anxiety were respondents having no history of previous surgery (20.7%), less number of days of hospital admission (44% and 44%), had major surgery(48.7%). Respondents felt fear about the pain due to surgery in 91.3% cases, death in 36% and blood transfusion in 13.3% cases. 62.7% respondents had no any doubt regarding competency of health personnel.

Conclusion: Based on the study findings, there are varying levels of anxieties among preoperative patients. It is recommended to surgeon and other health personnel that information needs to be provided related to surgery before surgery to reduce pre-operative anxiety.
Problematic Alcohol Use in Pokhara, Nepal as Assessed by CAGE Questionnaire
Authors: Lamichhane N , Thapa DK , Timsina RR , Shrestha LV , Sharma R , Subedi A.
Published: November 2019

Introduction: Nepal is known to be a hub for alcohol lovers. There is no restriction in sales despite efforts by the government of Nepal. Homemade alcohol is another major problem in the country. Although production and sale has legal policy it is far from being regulated. There has been no survey to assess the extent of problematic alcohol use in the Pokhara Municipality. This was conducted with the Objectives of i) assessing prevalence of problematic alcohol use in the community of a different Wards in Pokhara Metropolitan city and ii) To correlate this with various socio-demographic characteristics.

Material And Method: The CAGE questionnaire was administered to all adult individuals above 20 years of age, in houses selected as convenience sampling in different wards of Pokhara Metropolitan city from Jan 2017 to Dec 2017. Nursing students in the community visit were trained and instructed to fill the preformed questionnaire as per the inclusion criteria after taking the consent. Individuals who were not currently undergoing treatment for alcohol use disorders were only included.

Results: Among 136 adults who were included in this study, the prevalence of problematic alcohol use was found to be 64.7% (CAGE ≥2). The extent of current alcohol use (n. 124, 91.2 %,) and problematic alcohol use (n. 82, 66.12%) were significantly high (P-value: 0.0001).

Conclusion: The prevalence of problematic alcohol use is too high in Pokhara, a tourist destination in Western Nepal. There is an urgent need to formulate a policy for alcohol use in the community taking into account the findings of this study. The distinction of traditional sanction of alcohol users and non users did not apply to this study. Problematic alcohol use was significantly high with no treatment initiate.
Schizophrenia with Obsessive Compulsive Symptoms: A Case Report
Authors: Jha A , Joshi D
Published: November 2019

Obsessive-compulsive disorder/ symptoms may be co-morbid in schizophrenia. The clinical impact of this co-morbidity is poor response to anti-psychotic medications. We present a case of 35 yr old female who presented with symptoms suggestive of schizophrenia and later co-morbid obsessive symptom responded well to addition of fluoxetine to antipsychotics. This case study reveals that the identification and treatment of OCD in schizophrenia is very crucial for optimistic outcome.
Early versus Late Oral Feeding on the Recovery of Normal Bowel Functions After Caesarean Section: A Randomized Controlled Study
Authors: Othman Mohammed
Published: November 2019

Background. To compare early oral feeding (EF) versus late oral feeding (LF) on the return of normal bowel functions in spinally anesthetized women after having lower segment Caesarean section (LSCS). Secondary outcomes such as maternal satisfaction and gastrointestinal complications were also evaluated. Methods. Three-hundred and sixty-two singleton pregnant women undergoing elective LSCS with spinal anesthesia were assigned to receive either EF (n= 183) or LF (n= 179) after surgery. Participants began to take normal diet between immediately and 6 hours, or began sipping water after 12 hours and soft diet after 24 hours then normal diet after 48 hours of surgery. Results. The ages of participants ranged from 19 to 47, with a mean age of 35±12 years. There was no-loss follow up and no significant difference in patient characteristics. Participants given EF were more likely to experience bowel sound the next morning after surgery than patients given LF (EF 93% vs. LF 71%, P<0.05). However, there was no difference in time to passing flatus and time to passing stool. Maternal satisfaction, rated on a 5-point scale was significantly higher in the EF group. However, there was no significant difference in gastrointestinal complications between both groups. Conclusion. The findings of this trial support the recommendation of EF for women who undergo uncomplicated LSCS under spinal anesthesia.
Manaus Public Port Logistics a Case Study of Boarding and Landing at Passenger Station (ROADWAY)
Authors: Dos Santos Leitão Dorailson , Maciel Passos Rafaela , Santos Fontineles Frank Henrique , Barbosa de Alencar David , Oliveira Bezerra Igor Felipe
Published: November 2019

Logistics for boarding and disembarking at the passenger terminal (roadway) is the organization of all existing operations. This research aimed to analyze and propose improvements in logistics methods in the public port of the city of Manaus – AM that influence the boarding and disembarkation of passengers and goods, taking into account a modern and useful adaptation to the roadway, enabling na efficient handling operation for that meets all who use the port, based on the fact that the movement of passengers must be done safely, and can take into account factors that allow both access to users, as well as goods.
Similarity notions in bipolar abstract argumentation
Authors: Budán Paola Daniela , Escañuela Gonzalez Melisa Gisselle , Budán Maximiliano Celmo David , Martinez Maria Vanina , Simari Guillermo Ricardo
Published: November 2019

The notion of similarity has been studied in many areas of Computer Science; in a general sense, this concept is defined to provide a measure of the semantic equivalence between two pieces of knowledge, expressing how “close” their meaning can be regarded. In this work, we study similarity as a tool useful to improve the representation of arguments, the interpretation of the relations between arguments, and the semantic evaluation associated with the arguments in the argumentative process. In this direction, we present a novel mechanism to determine the similarity between two arguments based on descriptors representing particular aspects associated with these arguments. This mechanism involves a comparison process influenced by the context in which the process develops, where this context provides the relevant aspects that need to be analyzed in the application domain. Then, we use this similarity measure as a quantity to compute the result of attacks and supports in the argumentation process. These valuations, applied to a Bipolar Argumentation Frameworks, allowed us to refine the argument relations, providing the tools to establish a family of new argumentation semantics that considers the similarity between arguments as a crucial part for the argumentation process.
Diminishable parameterized problems and strict polynomial kernelization
Authors: Fernau Henning , Fluschnik Till , Hermelin Danny , Krebs Andreas , Molter Hendrik , Niedermeier Rolf
Published: November 2019

Kernelization – a mathematical key concept for provably effective polynomial-time preprocessing of NP-hard problems – plays a central role in parameterized complexity and has triggered an extensive line of research. This is in part due to a lower bounds framework that allows to exclude polynomial-size kernels under the assumption of [Formula: see text]. In this paper we consider a restricted yet natural variant of kernelization, namely strict kernelization, where one is not allowed to increase the parameter of the reduced instance (the kernel) by more than an additive constant. Building on earlier work of Chen, Flum, and Müller [CiE 2009, Theory Comput. Syst. 2011], we underline the applicability of their framework by showing that a variety of fixed-parameter tractable problems, including graph problems and Turing machine computation problems, does not admit strict polynomial kernels under the assumption of [Formula: see text], an assumption being weaker than the assumption of [Formula: see text]. Finally, we study an adaption of the framework to a relaxation of the notion of strict kernels, where in the latter one is not allowed to increase the parameter of the reduced instance by more than a constant times the input parameter.
Nets and reverse mathematics
Authors: Sanders Sam
Published: November 2019

Nets are generalisations of sequences involving possibly uncountable index sets; this notion was introduced about a century ago by Moore and Smith. They also established the generalisation to nets of various basic theorems of analysis due to Bolzano–Weierstrass, Dini, Arzelà, and others. More recently, nets are central to the development of domain theory, providing intuitive definitions of the associated Scott and Lawson topologies, among others. This paper deals with the Reverse Mathematics study of basic theorems about nets. We restrict ourselves to nets indexed by subsets of Baire space, and therefore third-order arithmetic, as such nets suffice to obtain our main results. Over Kohlenbach’s base theory of higher-order Reverse Mathematics, the Bolzano–Weierstrass theorem for nets implies the Heine–Borel theorem for uncountable covers. We establish similar results for other basic theorems about nets and even some equivalences, e.g. for Dini’s theorem for nets. Finally, we show that replacing nets by sequences is hard, but that replacing sequences by nets can obviate the need for the Axiom of Choice, a foundational concern in domain theory. In an appendix, we study the power of more general index sets, establishing that the ‘size’ of a net is directly proportional to the power of the associated convergence theorem.
Bacterial colonization of composite resins used with direct technique. A brief review.
Authors: Calderón Doris , Pérez Nancy , Quintuña Jéssica , Sanango Rosa , Tello Mónica
Published: November 2019

In restorative dentistry, the use of composite resins with direct technique for the replacement of missing tooth structure is very common. One drawback is that surface roughness allows the adherence of microorganisms and the formation of dental plaque, being the polishing technique a key stage in the restoration process. The aim of this paper is to review the process of bacterial colonization of composite resins used with direct technique. According to in vitro studies, bacterial adhesion on microhybrid composite resins is 3.91 ± 0.52 UFC and on nanohybrid is 3.34 ± 0.74 UFC. Resins with particle size of 2.5 micrometers contained a greater volume of biofilms and enabled adhesion of S. mutans; in turn, resins with particle size of 0.1 to 0.4 micrometers showed lower bacterial adherence. As summary, the degree of bacterial colonization depends on hygiene, polishing technique and composition of restorative material: the bigger the particle size, the greater the adhesion of bacterial plaque.
The Solar Power Plant In The Area Of Waisai Raja ampat Region West Papua Province
Authors: Fa Bate Yunus , Martono Stefany Margareta
Published: November 2019

The electrical energy needs become one of the basic needs of both people who live in cities and people who live in villages. The government continues to strive to provide these electricity needs so that the electrification ratio and electricity villages in Indonesia can be gradually increased. Based on data from the Directorate General of Electricity and Energy Utilization of the Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources in 2017, parts of western Indonesia ranging from the Aceh Special Region to Sulawasi, the electrification ratio reaches an average of above 70%. For the province of West Papua, has an electrification ratio of 82.7% but there is an imbalance in terms of equity where the ratio of electrified villages is only 54.47%. West Papua are rural and archipelago with geographical conditions  making  mobilization of tools very difficult. To increase the ratio of electricity villages, one solution that can be done is to optimize the use of natural resources for  construction of electricity generation. The potential of natural resources in West Papua  especially in the Waisai region of Raja Ampat Regency is abundant solar energy both in the intensity of solar radiation and the length of time of irradiation due to geographical location located on  equator.
The research was carried out experimentally by making  solar power plants using photovoltaic 50 Wp to obtain empirical data that provides information on the potential parameters of solar power plants. The results obtained indicate that in Waisai Raja Ampat the maximum radiation intensity can reach 1101.2 W / m2, the maximum input power and maximum power output of photovoltaic cells are 339.9404 Watt and 30.46640 Watt and  maximum efficiency reaching 9.26%. Based on these empirical data, the prospect of utilizing photovoltaic type solar power plants in Waisai Raja Ampat Regency is very good and appropriate.
KAJIAN ETIKA KRISTEN TERHADAP KEBERSIHAN LINGKUNGAN DI KELURAHAN KLABALA
Authors: Elias Thomson F , Wattimury Wiesye A
Published: November 2019

Peneliitan ini dilatarbelakangi oleh Minimnya pengetahuan warga masyarakat disekitar kali Klabala, tentang pentingnya menjaga kebersihan lingkungan (penanganan sampah). Minimnya sarana prasarana untuk mendukung kebersihan lingkungan, Keberadaan sampah mengakibatkan terjadi pencemaran lingkungan Keberadaan sampah dapat mengakibatkan banjir dan belum maksimalnya peran serta masyarakat untuk penanganan masalah sampah sebagai bagian dari upaya menjaga kebersihan lingkungan. Penelitian ini, menggunakan teknik kualitati, berupa wawancara langsung dengan responden yang dianggap mampu memberikan informasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa, minimnya kesadaran masyarakat tentang arti kebersihan lingkungan, dan regulasi proses penanganan sampah yang harus diatur kembali.
水利工程造价管理存在的问题及其对策
Authors: 胡 潇予
Published: November 2019

在我国可持续发展战略实行以后,非常重视对水利工程的基础建设,也是水利工程施工企业迎来了巨大的发展空间。而如何在这个巨大的发展机遇面前提高自身的竞争力,提高企业的经济效益则成为现代水利工程施工企业的首要问题。而作为影响企业工程成本的重要因素,工程造价管理就成为了企业盈利的关键。也正是因为这样,工程造价管理方面就会有某些企业打歪主意。因此本文将从水利工程造价管理存在的问题,以及水利工程造价管理的有效对策两方面作简单的看法。
试析水利工程项目动态管理模式构建
Authors: 贾 煜逸
Published: November 2019

随着我国经济的不断发展我国在基础设施建设方面也越来越完善,我国在国际上速来有“基建大亨”的称号,这是国外对于我国工程建设质量高、效率快、成本低的形象比喻,能够实现这一目标除了高潮的施工建设技术以之外,同时还需要有良好的工程项目动态管理能力。我国是水利工程建设大国,由于自身水力资源丰富所以能够有效利用的水力资源也比较多,为了有效提升水力资源利用能力,预防洪涝灾害,保障航运通行顺利等,我国当前拥有大量水利工程,而且在未来我国还将持续强化水利工程的建设工作来不断完善我国的水资源管理工作,水利工程一般情况下具有工程总量大、工程成本高、施工周期长以及建设技术难度高的特点,为了有效提升我国水利工程整体建设品质,本文将针对水利工程项目动态管理模式构建进行深入分析。
水利枢纽大坝基础处理的设计分析
Authors: 付 龙飞
Published: November 2019

水利枢纽工程中存在大量水工建筑物,其中大坝为水利枢纽当中的主体重点工程。大坝不但是水利枢纽中重要的组成部分,在进行水力发电配套建设时,也是至关重要的能源生产单位组成部分。因此应高度重视水利枢纽大坝的基础处理设计,结合水利枢纽大坝施工现场的实际情况,采用多样化的基础处理设计方法,优化和改进大坝基础结构处理设计,提高水利枢纽大坝基础处理设计质量,保障水利枢纽大坝的安全性和稳定性。文章从基础施工设计角度出发,对水利大坝基础施工有关问题进行分析和探讨,介绍了大坝地基处理技术与设计方案。
淤地坝除险加固工程初步设计浅析
Authors: 石 海龙
Published: November 2019

淤地坝是水土保持小流域治理的主要工程措施之一,其作用是抬高侵蚀基准面,控制沟道侵蚀,滞洪蓄水、拦泥淤地,对治理沟道水土流失、减轻下游河道泥沙淤积发挥着重要的作用。工程质量的好坏直接关系到该区域生态环境的好坏,其对于江河的治理、改善当地生态环境和确保人民生命财产的安全具有重要的意义。因为经济条件以及技术的限制,淤地坝坝体市场隐含着许多的风险。若不进行针对性的除险加固,则危害到一方民众的安居乐业。本文从淤地坝除险加固的必要性分析出发,对淤地坝除险加固工程初步设计进行了分析,并提出了相关的对策。
中小水电站的检修策略及可靠性管理探讨
Authors: 宫 晓辉
Published: November 2019

改革开放以来,我国市场经济体制处于全面深化的状态,进一步有效地促进了我国社会生产力的全面发展,由传统的手工业生产逐渐转换成工业化乃至于现如今的智能化生产体系,在此基础上需要更多的动力资源,目前,我国水电站在日常生产生活中扮演着越来越重要的角色,为提高大中小型水电站动力输出系统的运行效率和质量,需要定期对其进行检修和养护,因此,文章主要就中小水电站的检修策略及可靠性管理展开了系统的研究。
How to build a corpus for a tool-based approach to determinologisation in the field of particle physics
Authors: Humbert-Droz Julie , Picton Aurélie , Condamines Anne
Published: November 2019

This paper discusses corpus design and building issues when dealing with a complex, multidimensional phenomenon such as determinologisation. Its representation in corpus data imposes an original reflection on the process and on some essential concepts of corpus building. This paper focuses on the necessity of representing the progressive aspects of determinologisation in the corpus, i.e. through levels of specialisation and through time, and the practical issues this raises. At the same time, it shows that a representative corpus of determinologisation in a specific domain (in this case, particle physics) implies clear and objective criteria when it comes to picking individual texts. Four principles are established to this end. The discussion leads to the proposal of a solid text selection procedure, which ensures that the peculiarities of determinologisation in the domain of particle physics are reflected in the corpus.
Changes in argument structure in Early Modern English with special reference to verbs of DESIRE: A case study of lust
Authors: Castro-Chao Noelia
Published: November 2019

In Old and Middle English, several verbs of DESIRE could be found in impersonal constructions, a type of morphosyntactic pattern which lacks a subject marked for the nominative case controlling verbal agreement. The impersonal construction began to decrease in frequency between 1400 and 1500 (van der Gaaf 1904; Allen 1995), a development which has been recently investigated from the perspective of the interaction between impersonal verbs and constructional meaning by Trousdale (2008), Möhlig-Falke (2012) and Miura (2015). This paper is concerned specifically with the impersonal verb lust (< ME lusten) as a representative of Levin’s (1993) class of verbs of DESIRE, some of which developed into prepositional verbs in Present-day English. The main aim here is to explore the changes undergone by lust during the two centuries after it ceases to appear in impersonal constructions, as well as to reflect upon some of the possible motivations for such changes. The data are retrieved from Early English Books Online Corpus 1.0, a 525-million-word corpus, and the examples are analysed manually paying attention to the range of complementation patterns documented in Early Modern English (1500–1700).
Prediction of Roughness Heights of Milled Surfaces for Product Quality Prediction and Tool Condition Monitoring
Authors: Ng J.J. , Zhong Z.W. , Liu T.I.
Published: November 2019

The objective of this research is to predict the roughness heights of milled surfaces, which indicates product quality and tool conditions. Two experiments are carried out to evaluate relevant factors such as vibration, force, and surface roughness. The purpose of the first experiment is to find out the limits of the machining variables compared to the constraints of the materials. The purpose of the second experiment is to identify, collect, and compare how each factor affects product quality and tool conditions. Based on this study, the vibration, force, and surface roughness are good indicators for tool conditions. When the magnitudes of the vibration and force increase, the surface roughness also increases. The increase in surface roughness with constant cutting parameters indicates the degrading of product quality and the decrease of the tool life. Thus, the variables, such as vibration and forces, are used as the inputs, and the surface roughness is used as the output of neural networks. By optimizing the network variables, it has been found that a 4,4,8,1 neural network can achieve the least absolute error, and accurately predict the actual roughness heights collected from the experiment. The minimum error of the prediction of surface roughness is 0.11%, the average error is 2.11%, and the maximum error is 6.98%. The prediction of surface roughness of milled surfaces is very important for the product quality prediction and tool condition monitoring.
Scattering properties of recycled pulp at the near infrared region and its effect on the determination of residual ink
Authors: KÖRKKÖ MIKA , LAITINEN OSSI , HAAPALA ANTTI , ÄMMÄLÄ ARI , NIINIMÄKI JOUKO
Published: November 2019

Residual ink in recycled pulp can be determined from a wide variety of pads and sheets using either a constant or measured near infrared (NIR) scattering coefficient. The method is usually chosen on the basis of the opaqueness of the prepared test media. Although both methods are regularly used, it is unclear whether NIR scattering properties of pulp vary due to changing proportions of fibers and fines and whether the changing NIR scattering coefficient affects the residual ink values. We investigated the effect of varying scattering coefficient on residual ink results obtained with unknown (constant) and known (measured) NIR scattering coefficients. We measured the NIR scattering coefficients and residual ink values (using the wavelength of 700 nm) from low-grammage sheets with deliberately varied filler content. By varying the filler content, changes were detected in the NIR scattering properties of pulp; therefore, the residual ink values were biased when a constant scattering coefficient was used. However, when the scattering coefficient was measured during the determination of residual ink, no deviation was observed when compared with the values calculated according to mass proportions. The measured NIR scattering coefficient should always be used during the determination of residual ink values.
Analysis of prewetting conditions for old magazine papers before pulping in deinking
Authors: KEMPPAINEN KALLE , LAITINEN OSSI , KÖRKKÖ MIKA , ILLIKAINEN MIRJA , NIINIMÄKI JOUKO
Published: November 2019

Recent research on deinking with an old newspaper (ONP)/old magazine (OMG) furnish and with a 100% ONP furnish demonstrates that the ink-substrate bond might not be sufficiently weakened within the short wetting time used in conventional pulping. If enough time for paper wetting is allowed before pulping, better ink detachment could be achieved when compared with conventional pulping. However, it has remained unclear how different prewetting conditions affect ink detachment and fragmentation when processing OMG-based furnish, such as supercalendered (SC) and lightweight coated (LWC) papers. In this study, we investigated the influence of prewetting time, temperature, and chemistry on the optical properties of rotogravure printed SC and heatset offset printed LWC-based pulps, when prewetting is performed without mechanical action before the actual pulping process. Different prewetting times (0-24 h) and temperatures (25°C-65°C) were tested with conventional alkaline soap chemistry and with reduced alkaline soap chemistry. The results for SC pulp support earlier findings and reveal that ink detachment can be improved by wetting SC paper with conventional deinking liquor before pulping. With SC paper, the longer the prewetting time, the lower the amount of attached ink after pulping. Ink that is printed on a coating (LWC paper) is easily detachable; therefore, its release cannot be improved by prewetting. Ink fragmentation was similar with and without prewetting treatment for SC- and LWC-based pulps.
Selectivity of oxygen delignification for southern softwood kraft pulps with high lignin content
Authors: TAO LI , GENCO JOSEPH M. , COLE BARBARA J.W. , FORT RAYMOND C.
Published: November 2019

The selectivity of kraft pulping versus the oxygen delignification processes over the range of kappa nos. 25–90 was compared. Kraft pulping was found to be more selective than oxygen delignification for removing lignin from southern softwood kraft pulps. The greater selectivity is thought to be related to hydroxyl radicals that form in the oxygen delignification process that are not present in the kraft process. The hydroxyl radicals attack the carbohydrates and randomly cleave the polymeric chains, causing a significant decrease in the degree of carbohydrate polymerization and thus a loss of viscosity. Kraft pulping generates hydrosulfide ions that are highly selective and attack the lignin. Carbohydrate degradation occurs mainly from peeling reactions, which do not appreciably reduce the degree of polymerization of the cellulose and thus there is less viscosity loss. At low lignin content (i.e., low kappa number), the remaining lignin is likely bound covalently to the carbohydrate portion in both processes. Therefore, removal of the lignin results in significant degradation of the carbohydrates.
Influence of cooking conditions on continuous digester corrosion in a Brazilian pulp mill
Authors: PAOLIELLO FLÁVIO , CUNHA LINS VANESSA DE FREITAS , CARDOSO MARCELO
Published: November 2019

Digester corrosion is costly because of repairs, replacement of components and upgrade of materials, and losses in connection with unplanned outages. Risks to life and property also are significant, especially if catastrophic failure of pressurized equipment occurs. From the 1980s to present, corrosion problems in many pulp and paper mills worldwide have been intensifying, some resulting from materials and design aspects of the digesters themselves or later process modifications. The main focus of this study is the corrosive behavior of continuous digesters with modified processes. We discuss actual corrosion cases in two continuous digesters at a pulp mill in Brazil and the protection measures adopted. Results of electrochemical testing, metallurgical analyses, corrosivity testing, and field inspections are discussed. In one case, a carbon steel digester experienced rapid thinning on its top sections, with wall loss of 5 mm over 30 months following a process change. In the second case, also following a process change, a unique, type 316 stainless-clad continuous digester was found to have an altered electrochemical profile, indicating prospective corrosion hazards. This prompted studies and protective measures that are unique for stainless cooking vessels. The risks to carbon or austenitic stainless steel digesters running on modern cooking processes are shown to be significant. The effectiveness of the protective technologies, and their compatibility, was proved, and the need to consider these technologies upon cooking retrofit projects was established.
Optimization of wash water usage in brown stock washing
Authors: KOPRA RIKU , KARI ERKKI , HARINEN MARKO , TIRRI TAPIO , DAHL OLLI
Published: November 2019

Optimum wash water usage level, at which washing losses are satisfactory, was determined by using 12 separate real-time refractometer measurements and advanced process data analysis tools. Refractometers measure total dissolved solids with high reliability. We analyzed the results with the WEDGE trademarked software tool to calculate various parameters of washing performance. All tests were performed on a mill-scale brown stock washing operation at a Finnish pulp mill. Total dissolved solids changes in the incoming flows (liquid and pulp suspension) to the washer were detected immediately and reliably by using refractometer measurements. The changes also had a clear effect on washing loss in the brown stock line’s oxygen delignification performance. Real-time measurement enabled high-level control of the washing line, instant information made it possible to control the amount of fresh water to the washer, and proper control of such a system optimized water usage.
Repetitive Extragenic Palindromic PCR (REP-PCR) as an Alternative Method for Detection of Bulking in Activated Sludge
Authors: SOŁTYSIK DAGNA A. , BEDNAREK ILONA A. , LOCH TOMASZ M. , GAŁKA SABINA E. , SYPNIEWSKI DANIEL J. , MACHNIK GRZEGORZ M. , BŁASZCZYK DARIA K.
Published: November 2019

Bulking of activated sludge is a world-wide problem which negatively affects wastewater treatment efficiency. The most common reasons of bulking are bacterial community changes, especially excessive growth of filamentous bacteria (filamentous bulking) or excess of biopolymers on the surface of non-filamentous microbes (non-filamentous or Zoogleal bulking). Because of the complex nature of the bulking phenomenon finding a successful bulking control strategy remains a very important issue that awaits new options and advices. The REP-PCR fingerprinting method has been applied to distinguish a bacterial community in non-bulking and bulking activated sludge. The characteristic REP-PCR fingerprinting patterns were compared with each other in terms of the presence or absence of bands and in terms of measured integrated optical density (IOD) of the bands. The obtained fingerprinting patterns, using Ward's clustering method, have been analyzed to determine homology/similarity relations between specific non-bulking and bulking sludge sampling. The received clustering results were in high concordance with activated sludge typing which generally is done based on physicochemical sludge analysis. The proposed REP-PCR method and statistical analysis of fingerprinting patterns seems to be a simple, rapid and effective method revealing differences between populations in non-bulking and bulking activated sludge. It may be useful for routine activated sludge monitoring and may be helpful in the early detection of the bulking process.
Cross-cultural training of students by means of foreign literature in formation process of valuable orientations
Authors: Ruzhevych Yana
Published: November 2019

The article is devoted to the problem of the formation of value orientations by means of foreign literature in the cross-cultural training of students. It is emphasized that foreign literature has an important advantage as it is associated with various texts belonging to different types of cultures. Communication with masterpieces of foreign literature promotes the development of new aesthetic experiences among students, prompts to comprehend the uniqueness of another culture.
The main determinants of value orientations are determined. These are the conditions of life, the level of general culture, the ability of man, beliefs, moral principles, the system of values of the individual. The content of the value orientation of the individual is its focus on certain values of the material and spiritual culture of society.
It is emphasized that the main goal of the process of formation of value orientations is the study of artistic works based on the awareness of the incarnated values, the comprehension of the moral and aesthetic positions of literary characters, the mastering of the value potential of the work by students, and the understanding of the
relation of values expressed in artistic works, in connection with an important system of values.
The unity of value orientations, literary knowledge and students’ activity as the leading condition of the effectiveness of the formation of value orientations is revealed.
Much attention is paid to the formation of students’ readiness for cross-cultural interaction in practical classes. The main goal of the cross training of students is defined – it is overcoming the difficulties associated with the differences in values, traditions, languages.
The peculiarities of students’ educational activity at various stages of the analysis of works are considered, which is structured on awareness of values embodied in artistic works.
The article focuses on various types of tasks, performing students to understand the psychological content of actions and personality of literary heroes come to perceive the value position of the author, his aesthetic ideal.
Understanding the multiple voices of Islamic modernities: The case of Jihad
Authors: Jung Dietrich
Published: November 2019

In making a contribution to the debate on multiple modernities, this article addresses the growing fragmentation of contemporary interpretations of Islamic religious traditions. It argues that the polysemic nature of these interpretations mirrors to a certain extent the increasing functional differentiation of modern society. To substantiate this argument, the paper will first present a theoretical framework of global modernity that selectively draws on theories of multiple modernities, Modern Systems Theory, and of (post-)structuralist thinking. The empirical part of the paper takes the case of the Islamic institution of Jihad as its illustrative example. From a genealogical perspective, it analyses a number of steps of the (re-)interpretation of Islamic religious traditions from the classical period of pre-modern Islamic empires, via the Islamic reform movement of the nineteenth century, to the multiple voices of Islamic modernities in contemporary times.
The humanistic study of religions: An obscure tradition illuminated by the ‘Knights of Labor’
Authors: Arvidsson Stefan
Published: November 2019

Today ‘humanistic’ and ‘humanities’ are terms rarely used in discussions on methodology and epistemology within the study/history of religions. This article laments this state of affair and reminds the readers of same basic advantages of a humanistic study of religions in comparison to chiefly social scientific approaches to religion and culture. After an initial philosophical argument on the implications of ‘humanistic’, the article touches upon the significance of historical failures, utopianism, empathy and ‘the orectic’. These discussions take place against an analysis of the mythology and ritual life of the 19th century, American, socialist order The Knight of Labor.
Hurting the Qur’an – Suggestions Concerning the Psychological Infrastructure of Desecration
Authors: Svensson Jonas
Published: November 2019

Recent years have witnessed several examples of desecrations of copies of the Qur’an as a display of non-Muslim hostility against Muslims. The present article attempts to answer a fundamental question relating to this phenomenon: how do desecrators know what acts directed at the Qur’an are likely to offend Muslims? The suggestion put forward is that desecration is an act that can be understood across cultural and religious boundaries because it is based on shared, intuitive knowledge of what the sacredness of an object entails. This knowledge, in turn, rests upon certain mental operations involved in the process of sacralisation: i.e. when things are ‘set apart and forbidden’. When the mental processes of psychological essentialism and conceptual blending are combined, it results in a partial personification of the sacred object, providing inferences concerning which acts count as desecrations, i.e. acts that, had they been directed at a person, would cause harm, whether physical or psychological.
The speaking body: Metaphor and the expression of extraordinary experience
Authors: Barnes Jamie
Published: November 2019

This article explores the relationship between language, experience, and the body. Employing a phenomenological approach that takes the sensory body as its starting point, it focuses on three instances of ‘divine experience’, looking at the ways in which social actors seek to express that experience through metaphorical translation into more familiar, everyday realms. It argues that within this perceptual process – which starts in bodily experience and ends in words – both bodies and worlds are formed: bodies open to (often sensory) aspects of divine experience, and worlds that include the divine, alongside instances of divine agency. Indeed, such bodily conceptual and linguistic work is, social actors claim, the product of divine agency. At the heart of the three instances of divine experience explored here rests the issue of ‘new birth’, itself a metaphorical move employed to express a phenomenon in which the body appears to be transformed into something new, namely a habitation of divine presence. As such presence ‘bubbles up’ from within, it sometimes ‘overflows’ in words. The body speaks. Alongside exploring the metaphorical moves employed to express this type of bodily experience, this article raises the ontological question of what kind of body it is, in such cases, that is speaking, thus providing a phenomenologically inflected response to recent ‘ontological’ debates within anthropology.
‘Retaining the Tradition – but with an Open Mind’ – Change and Choice in Jewish Musical Practices
Authors: Illman Ruth
Published: November 2019

This article focuses on religion and change in relation to music. Its starting point is the argument that music plays a central role as a driving force for religious change, as has recently been suggested by several researchers of religion. Music is seen to comprise elements that are central to contemporary religiosity in general: participation, embodiment, experience, emotions, and creativity. This article approaches the discussion from a Jewish point of view, connecting the theoretical perspective to an ethnographic case study conducted among progressive Jews in London with special focus on music, religious practice, and change.    The article outlines the ongoing discussion on religion and change by focusing on features of individualism, personal choice, and processes of bricolage, critically assessing them from an inclusive point of view, focusing on individuals as simultaneously both personal and socially as well as culturally embedded agents. The analysis highlights a visible trend among the interviewees of wanting to combine a radically liberal theology with an increasingly traditional practice. In these accounts musical practices play a pivotal yet ambiguous role as instigators and insignia of religious change. As a conclusion, insights into more ‘sonically aware religious studies’ are suggested.
Reconstruction and Analysis of the lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA Network Based on Competitive Endogenous RNA Reveal Functional lncRNAs in Dilated Cardiomyopathy
Authors: Tao Lichan , Yang Ling , Huang Xiaoli , Hua Fei , Yang Xiaoyu
Published: November 2019

Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) is an important cause of sudden death and heart failure with an unknown etiology. Recent studies have suggested that long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) can interact with microRNA (miRNA) and indirectly interact with mRNA through competitive endogenous RNA (ceRNA) activities. However, the mechanism of ceRNA in DCM remains unclear. In this study, a miRNA array was first performed using heart samples from DCM patients and healthy controls. For further validation, we conducted real-time quantitative reverse transcription (RT)-PCR using samples from DCM patients and a doxorubicin-induced rodent model of cardiomyopathy, revealing that miR-144-3p and miR-451a were down-regulated, and miR-21-5p was up-regulated. Based on the ceRNA theory, we constructed a global triple network using data from the National Center for Biotechnology Information Gene Expression Omnibus (NCBI-GEO) and our miRNA array. The lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA network comprised 22 lncRNA nodes, 32 mRNA nodes, and 11 miRNA nodes. Hub nodes and the number of relationship pairs were then analyzed, and the results showed that two lncRNAs (NONHSAT001691 and NONHSAT006358) targeting miR-144/451 were highly related to DCM. Then, cluster module and random walk with restart for the ceRNA network were analyzed and identified four lncRNAs (NONHSAT026953/NONHSAT006250/NONHSAT133928/NONHSAT041662) targeting miR-21 that were significantly related to DCM. This study provides a new strategy for research on DCM or other diseases. Furthermore, lncRNA-miRNA pairs may be regarded as candidate diagnostic biomarkers or potential therapeutic targets of DCM.
Efficiency in the Rice Farming: Evidence from Northwest Bangladesh
Authors: Jalilov Shokhrukh-Mirzo , Mainuddin Mohammed , Maniruzzaman Md. , Mahbubul Alam Md. , Towfiqul Islam Md. , Jahangir Kabir Md.
Published: November 2019

Rice production takes a leading role in the agricultural sector of Bangladesh contributing to 35% of the gross value added of total agricultural production (December 2011), employing 48% of the rural workforce. While the country achieved self-sufficiency in rice, continuous population growth requires Bangladesh to further increase the production of this staple cereal. However, considering the steady decline of the cropped area and available rural workforce, such increase could be reached by increasing the efficiency in rice production. This study aims to examine the resource use efficiency and its drivers in the performance of rice farms in the Northwest region of Bangladesh, which is considered as the food bowl of the country. The study applied a two-stage approach of Data Envelopment Analysis followed by Ordinary Least Squares to estimate the impact of contextual variables on rice production. The empirical research results show that 83% of rice farms among the sample of 184 farms are efficient being located on efficiency frontier, while the 2% farms are inefficient and could improve their efficiency. The remaining 15% of farms are at level that is close to the efficiency frontier. Such factors as the cost of irrigation, pest control, and crop harvesting and carrying are the main drivers of efficiency amongst the considered rice farms.
Ascorbic Acid Priming Enhances Seed Germination and Seedling Growth of Winter Wheat under Low Temperature Due to Late Sowing in Pakistan
Authors: Shah Tariq , Latif Sadia , Khan Hamad , Munsif Fazal , Nie Lixiao
Published: November 2019

Poor seed germination is a crucial yield-limiting factor when winter wheat is sown under low temperature. The objective of this study was to evaluate the role of ascorbic acid (AsA) in the extenuation of the harmful effects of low temperature at early and reproductive stages of wheat during 2016–2017 (15 November to 15 December). A two-year experiment was conducted using a randomized complete block design with split plot arrangement and with three replicates. Sowing dates (15 November and 15 December) were allotted to the main plot while seed priming (control, hydro-priming, and AsA priming) were allotted to the sub-plot. Results demonstrated that AsA priming significantly boosted different yield characteristics including chlorophyll content, tillers per unit area, number of grains per spike, and 1000-grain weight, contributing higher productivity and biomass during 2016–2017. The results further revealed that AsA could induce the up-regulation of diverse antioxidants (super oxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), and catalase (CAT)), thus offsetting the adverse effects of sub-supra optimum temperatures of late sowing wheat. It is therefore concluded in this work that AsA priming enhances stand establishment, yield and yield-related traits, antioxidant enzyme activities, and chlorophyll contents when wheat is sown under low temperature.