bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Anisotropic Response Characteristics of Array Induction Logging in Laminated Shale and Its Correction Methods
Authors: Zhao Jun , Pei HaoChen , Luo Li , Huang Yi , Wu ZhenGuan , Jia Jiang
Published: December 2024

The lamination characteristics of shale are one of the sources of anisotropy in shale reservoir resistivity, with significant differences in horizontal and vertical resistivity, and usually with vertical resistivity greater than horizontal resistivity. Therefore, the resistivity anomaly caused by anisotropy in horizontal wells of shale reservoirs seriously interferes with the logging evaluation of shale reservoirs. Based on the 3D finite element method, the electromagnetic field distribution of array induction logging was simulated, and the influence of resistivity, anisotropy, and well inclination angle on resistivity in laminated shale formations was analyzed. A resistivity correction chart was constructed using the sensitivity differences of each subarray of array induction logging in anisotropic formations. Finally, resistivity anisotropy correction is achieved based on actual logging data. Research has shown that in anisotropic formations of horizontal wells, the effects of formation resistivity, anisotropy, and well inclination angle on each subarray of array induction logging are different, resulting in significant deviations between the measured resistivity values and the actual formation resistivity values. Through the construction of resistivity correction charts with different sensitivities of each subarray, anisotropy correction was performed on the actual well data. The corrected resistivity can approximately represent the horizontal resistivity of the reservoir, laying the foundation for evaluating shale reservoirs using resistivity data.
Flavonoid GL-V9 suppresses development of human hepatocellular cancer cells by inhibiting Wnt/β-Cantenin signaling pathway
Authors: Gu Ye , He Qiaoxian , Xie Lu , Chen Fangfang , Jin Hangbin , Lou Lilan , Zhang Xiaofeng
Published: December 2024

Distant metastasis and post-operative recurrence of tumours are the main causes of death in patients with liver cancer. In recent years, flavonoids have been found to achieve effective anticancer effects by inhibiting cancer cell proliferation and inducing apoptosis, inhibiting cancer cell invasion and metastasis and neovascularization. GL-V9 is a newly synthesized flavonoid that has demonstrated anticancer effects in a variety of tumors[1, 2, 3], but its anticancer effects in HCC and its related mechanisms are still unclear. In this study, we investigated the anti-proliferative, anti-invasive and anti-migratory activities of GL-V9 in HCC cells by MTT method cell proliferation assay, plate cloning assay, transwell invasion assay and cell scratching assay. Based on the results, we found that GL-V9 inhibits the EMT process through a pathway that inhibits Wnt/β-Cantenin pathway signaling,thereby reducing the proliferation, migration and invasion ability of HCC cells. Therefore, GL-V9 may be a novel potential therapeutic agent to inhibit HCC cell metastasis.
Comparison of MRI findings for predicting massive hemorrhage during cesarean section in patients with placental malposition: partial placental volume of lower uterine segment is an accurate and objective indicator
Authors: Kuwamura Hiroshi , Terayama Takero , Hamabe Fumiko , Edo Hiromi , Matsuda Kenta , Miyamoto Morikazu , Takano Masashi , Shinmoto Hiroshi
Published: December 2024

Purpose
To comprehensively compare the diagnostic ability and inter-reader agreement of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings for predicting massive hemorrhage after cesarean section in patients with placental malposition, aiming to identify the most reliable and objective indicators.
Methods
Totally, 148 consecutive patients with placental malposition underwent MRI and cesarean section at our hospital between January 2014 and July 2021. The patients were divided into massive and non-massive hemorrhage groups. MRI findings of placenta accreta, placental position, and placental volume were evaluated by two radiologists, and inter-reader agreement was calculated. Diagnostic ability for predicting massive hemorrhage was evaluated using receiver operating characteristic analysis.
Results
Intraplacental T2 dark bands (100% vs. 58.2%, p = 0.001), placental bulge (50% vs. 3.7%, p < 0.001), loss of retroplacental T2 hypointense line (100% vs. 67.2%, p = 0.01), myometrial thinning (92.9% vs. 57.5%, p = 0.009), total placenta previa (64.3% vs. 23.9%, p = 0.033), and anterior placenta (35.7% vs. 10.5%, p = 0.02) were significantly observed in massive hemorrhage group. Partial placental volume of lower uterine segment (PVpartial) was larger in massive hemorrhage group (166 [108–214] cm3 vs. 70 [43–112] cm3 p < 0.001), had the second highest intraclass correlation coefficient (0.84), and had the highest area under the curve (0.81) for diagnosing massive hemorrhage.
Conclusion
This study revealed PVpartial is an accurate and objective indicator for massive hemorrhage, independent of radiologists’ experience. This indicator potentially enables prediction of massive hemorrhage, improving pre-operative planning in high-risk pregnancies.
Air pollution control measures improved photosynthesis in urban trees while the COVID-19 pandemic did not
Authors: Matsuura Takumi , Okamoto Yousuke , Matsumoto Mayu , Kiyomizu Takashi , Kumpitsch Luisa , Kume Atsushi , Hanba Yuko T.
Published: December 2024

One of the major stresses affecting tree photosynthesis in urban areas is phytotoxic air pollutants such as atmospheric nitrogen dioxide (NO2). We clarified the relationship between NO2 concentrations and photosynthetic function for three major urban trees in Kyoto and surrounding cities. High NO2 increased long-term water use efficiency and decreased photosynthesis in two urban trees, Prunus × yedoensis and Rhododendron pulchrum. We then focused on the decrease in NO2 due to (1) air pollution control measures in the years from 2005 to 2023 and (2) the economic recession caused by the COVID-19 pandemic, and examined whether these factors improved photosynthesis in urban trees. The historic decrease in NO2 improved leaf photosynthesis, while the COVID-19 pandemic reduced NO2 by only 0.3 ppb and did not further improve photosynthesis in the two urban tree species. This report shows that air pollution control measures improved photosynthesis in urban trees over several years in Japan, and is valuable because it demonstrates that air pollution control measures can increase CO2 uptake by urban trees.
The effect of circuit training on muscle synthesis’s indices, neurotrophic factors, and physical fitness in elderly women: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Baharavar Fatemeh , Vakili Javad , Sari-Sarraf Vahid , Pourmanaf Hadi
Published: December 2024

Background
Regular physical activity can improve muscle synthesis, cognitive function, and physical fitness and consequently delay the side effects of aging. However, the effect of circuit training, which improves multiple components of physical fitness, is still unknown. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the effect of 8 weeks of a mixed circuit training on serum levels of muscle synthesis indices, neurotrophic factors, and physical fitness in elderly women.
Methods
A total of 24 healthy elderly females (age 65 ± 3 years) were recruited and randomly divided into two groups as follows: Mixed Circuit Training (MCT, n = 12) and Control (C, n = 12). Participants in the MCT group performed circuit training (three times a week at an intensity of 40–60% of 1 repetition maximum) for 8 weeks. Participants in the C group did not received any intervention. Serum levels of growth hormone (GH), Insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF_1), brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), nerve growth factor (NGF), and physical fitness (cardiovascular fitness, muscular endurance, and balance) were measured before and after the eight weeks of intervention.
Results
Serum levels of GH, IGF-1, BDNF, and, NGF were increased in the MCT group after eight weeks (p ˂0.001). Cardiovascular fitness, muscular endurance, and balance were also improved in the MCT group after eight weeks of intervention (p ˂0.001).
Conclusions
A mixed circuit training could improve muscle synthesis, neurotrophic factors, and physical fitness in elderly women. To confirm these results, further studies are recommended.
Trial registration
Retrospectively registered. IRCT20240108060648N1. Registration date: 2024/02/12. URL: https://irct.behdasht.gov.ir/search/result?query=IRCT20240108060648N1
SN2-Mediated Decoupled Precursor Provision Enables Large-Scale Production of Monodisperse Lead Halide Perovskite Quantum Dots in a Single Reactor
Authors: Kim Jigeon , Kim Woongchan , Jang Jin Il , Kim Wooyeon , Yoo Doheon , Choi Min-Jae , Choi Jongmin , Kim Hyung Min , Cho Sung Beom , Ko Min Jae , Kim Younghoon
Published: December 2024

Quantum-confined lead-halide perovskite nanocrystals (QPNCs) are a promising optoelectronic semiconductor owing to their exceptional fluorescence and the size- and dimension-tunable optical properties. QPNCs having low formation energy encounter challenges in accurately regulating the nucleation and crystal growth stages during injection-based syntheses using lead halide reagents. Here, we introduce a non-injection, one-pot synthetic approach based on bimolecular nucleophilic substitution (SN2) and thermolysis reactions of the decoupled metal and halide precursors for the large-scale production of monodisperse CsPbX3-QPNCs (X = Cl, Br, I). This approach facilitates a homogeneous supply of halide anions and metal cations, enabling the precise control over the nucleation and crystal growth stages in the isolated size-focused region. Monodisperse CsPbX3-QPNCs achieve high color purity across the RGB color gamut by adjusting size, dimensionality, and halide composition, and can be produced on an ultra-large scale.
Federated Learning for Sustainable IoT Appliance Load Monitoring at the Edge Devices
Authors: Wadhwa Gitanjali , Natarajan Yuvaraj , Pree ⁠K.R. Sri , Gopinath M.P. , Devi M. Shyamala
Published: December 2024

Non-intrusive Appliance Load Monitoring (NALM) is an essential technique that enables tracking of household appliances' electricity usage, promoting eco-friendly practices and reducing energy monitoring costs. However, NALM implementation can be challenging due to privacy concerns, particularly in real-world applications. Federated learning is a promising solution that enables load monitoring model training and sharing while ensuring data security. Nevertheless, federated learning for NALM still faces various challenges, such as limited resources, edge model personalization, and scarcity of training data. In this paper, we propose a practical federated learning framework for NALM that addresses these challenges. Our approach utilizes collaborative data aggregation over federated learning, cloud-based model compression through filter pruning, and personalized edge and multi-task learning model building with unsupervised transfer learning techniques. Our experimental results, conducted using real energy data, demonstrate that our proposed load monitoring model achieves highly accurate personalized energy disaggregation, making it a state-of-the-art approach for non-intrusive appliance load monitoring at the edge client. By using our federated learning-based load monitoring model, we can minimize energy consumption while maintaining high learning performance and preserving user privacy. Future research could focus on further development and research to improve the efficiency of federated learning implementation and address remaining challenges in real-world NALM applications.
Generative Adversarial Networks for High Degree of Freedom Metasurface Designs
Authors: Wang Jiayun , Yao Boyi , Niu Yuanyuan , Ma Jian , Wang Yuanhui , Qu Zeng , Duan Junping , Zhang Binzhen
Published: December 2024

Due to the continuous development of microwave technology and the gradually expanding demand, attention has turned to free-form metasurfaces capable of realizing complex electromagnetic responses. Recent studies have shown that metasurface design can be accelerated and improved with the aid of deep learning methods. Here, we propose a generative adversarial network with raw network framework (RGAN) for realizing inverse design from a given response to a metasurface pattern. With the proposed approach, a metasurface design meeting requirements can be obtained immediately without the need for complex, repetitive iterative processes. Moreover, guided by the agent model within the network, the network is able to maximize exploration of the parameter space, ultimately generating novel designs completely distinct from those in the training set. Simulations demonstrate good spectral response matching. The feasibility of the proposed method is verified through experiments. The RGAN-based inverse prediction framework shows potential in the field of metasurface engineering and can be easily extended to other metasurface application areas, such as optical metamaterials and nanophotonic devices.
Electrospinning Encapsulation of Chlorophylls Microwave-Extracted from Spinach Waste and Utilization as Colouring Agent in Yoghurt
Authors: Isik Beyza Sukran , Bayram Sinan , Altay Filiz
Published: December 2024

Natural colorants have become a developing market because of consumer preferences, and more cost-effective and stable production is necessary. In the present study, a natural green colorant was obtained via microwave-assisted extraction from spinach waste to produce affordable, environmentally-friendly and innovative colorants. The extracts were encapsulated with zein via uniaxial and coaxial electrospinning techniques to overcome the stability issues associated with their natural green color. The encapsulation efficiencies of uniaxially encapsulated chlorophyll extracted from spinach waste by microwave and coaxially encapsulated chlorophyll extracted from spinach waste by microwave were 63.50 and 49.53% for chlorophyll a and 57.18 and 88.58% for chlorophyll b, respectively. The microwave-assisted extraction and addition of eumelanin significantly improved the antioxidant activity and thermal stability of chlorophylls. The stability test against light revealed that 61% of chlorophyll a could be preserved by uniaxial electrospinning. In addition, when chlorophyll-loaded nanofibers were incorporated into yogurt, a more stable green color was achieved during storage.
Research on image steganography based on conditional Invertible Neural Network
Authors: Liang Menghua , Zhao Hongtu
Published: December 2024

To improve the security of image steganography, an image steganography method based on conditional Invertible Neural Network is proposed in this paper. First, we design a conditional Invertible Neural Network to obtain high-quality stego images with rich high-level semantic information and clear spatial details. Based on the conditional directivity of conditional Invertible Neural Network, we can accurately adjust the semantic information of stego image and ensure the controllability of stego image content. We introduce a dual cross-attention module into the network structure. The integration of dual cross-attention modules enhances feature extraction and captures complex image details to improve steganographic accuracy. In addition, the introduction of the convolutional block attention module in the convolutional layer direct the model's focus to key image regions, refining stego image quality. We increase the number of convolutional blocks, which improves the efficiency of feature extraction and reuse. A large number of experiments are carried out on the datasets. For cover and stego image pairs, the PSNR value reached 43.62dB, and for secret and recovery image pairs, the PSNR value reached 46.48dB. Experimental results show that the image quality and security of this method are better than other state-of-the-art image steganography methods.
Effectiveness of vitrectomy with inverted internal limiting membrane flap in the treatment of macular hole retinal detachment in high myopia
Authors: Phan Nguyen Thuy Linh , Nguyen Cong Kiet , Ngo Thanh Tung , Nguyen Lam Vuong , Ho Doan Trang , Le Viet Tung
Published: December 2024

Purpose: This study evaluates the effectiveness of the inverted internal limiting membrane (ILM) flap technique during vitrectomy for treating macular hole-induced retinal detachment (MHRD) in high myopia patients, a challenging complication for vitreoretinal surgeons due to its treatment complexity.
Methods: We conducted a prospective study analyzing 92 eyes diagnosed with MHRD, all undergoing vitrectomy using the inverted ILM flap technique between February 2022 and September 2024. Successful surgery was defined as achieving retinal reattachment, macular hole closure, and improvement in visual acuity by the 12-month postoperative follow-up. Microstructural recovery was assessed using spectral domain optical coherence tomography. Logistic regression analysis was performed to identify prognostic factors of surgical outcome.
Results: Of the 92 eyes, 94.6% achieved retinal reattachment, and 93.5% experienced macular hole closure. Visual acuity significantly improved in 91.3% of cases, with a mean improvement of 0.95 logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution. Recovery rates for the external limiting membrane, the ellipsoid zone, and the cone outer segment tip were 76.1%, 66.3%, and 66.3%, respectively. Larger retinal detachments and macular holes were important predictors of lower surgical success (p < 0.001; p = 0.015, respectively). There was a significant correlation between vision improvement and the recovery of structural integrity and foveal microstructures.
Conclusions: The ILM coverage technique represents a breakthrough in the treatment of MHRD, promoting both anatomical and functional recovery. This approach enhances the management of this complex condition, ultimately improving the quality of life for affected individuals.
Expanding Industrial Applications of Na-GCN: A Robust Catalyst for Continuous Biodiesel Production
Authors: kim Sung Eun , Keun Kim Deog , Lee Kwan Young , Kim Hak Joo
Published: December 2024

Conventional homogeneous catalysts exhibit rapid reaction kinetics and affordability but face significant challenges, including the cumbersome separation of catalysts, complexities in product purification, and the generation of wastewater. In this regard, Na-GCN was previously developed as an effective heterogeneous catalyst for transesterification. To advance the industrial application of these catalysts, it is essential to incorporate a continuous production system and high-quality feedstock. Fixed bed reactors offer the advantage of simple operation and have been widely utilized in continuous biodiesel production. In this study, Na-GCN was applied to the transesterification of waste oils in a continuous fixed bed reactor. Various reaction conditions, including temperature, retention time, and the oil-to-methanol ratio, were compared and optimized. The transesterification of waste oil simulant, waste cooking oil, and waste food oil was conducted under the optimized conditions. The FAME content was measured using gas chromatography equipped with a flame ionization detector and HP-INNOWax, following an internal standard method.
Notably, FAME yields exceeding 90% were maintained for 100 hours of continuous operation using Na-GCN and waste cooking oil. The reaction system also demonstrated enhanced stability over 100 hours, even when processing waste food oil with high levels of impurities.
Materialities and memories of the Spanish Civil War: an approach to Bilbao’s Iron Belt through digital humanities
Authors: Cantera Tania González , Campillo Xavier Rubio
Published: December 2024

War heritage memorialisation is a complex process because of the traumatic nature of warfare. One paradigmatic example is the mythic Iron Belt, a fortified line defending Bilbao during the Spanish Civil War. Over the years, it has become a political instrument in disseminating different war visions. The large scale of industrial warfare is an added challenge: a complex fortification as the Iron Belt may extend over kilometres, thus displaying diverse memorialisation dynamics.
Our work tackles these challenges by deploying a novel Digital Humanities framework designed to record, study, and interpret 4 areas of the Iron Belt archaeological remains. The framework defines a geospatial database model to be analysed using Geographical Information Systems and Data Visualization techniques. Results suggest divergent heritage managements with a markedly local character due to the political, economic, and social background. Local entities and associations also play a leading role as pioneers in initiating these processes.
Astragalus mongholicus and Hedyotis diffusa Willd Inhibit Cell Proliferation by Attenuating the miR-582–3p-p27 Signaling Pathway in LUAD
Authors: Sun Haipeng , Xu Lufan , Liu Siyuan , Ma Ting
Published: December 2024

Purpose
Previous studies conducted by the same group of researchers found that Traditional Chinese Medicine Astragalus mongholicus Bunge and Hedyotis diffusa Willd (A-H pair) significantly suppressed the cell proliferation of lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD). MicroRNAs are considered promising candidates for cancer diagnosis and treatment. This study focused on miR-582-3p as the primary subject of investigation to explore the mechanism by which A-H inhibits cell proliferation through miR-582-3p.
Methods
The overexpressing and silencing miR-582-3p cell models were established by using lentiviral transfection technology. CCK-8 assay (24 h, 48 h, 72 h) and clone formation assay (1 w) were employed to detect the proliferation of A549 cells. Moreover, flow cytometry analysis (24 h) was performed to detect the cell cycle. Western blotting (WB) and a luciferase reporter assay were also used to measure the expression of cell cycle-related proteins and verify the direct interaction between miR-582-3p and p27, respectively. The LV-miR-582-3p inhibitor + shRNA-p27 stable A549 cells were constructed in the same manner to repeat the above-mentioned procedure. The CCK-8 assay was conducted to assess the effects of various concentrations of A-H on the proliferation of A549 cells. A-H-containing serum was prepared to intervene in LV-miR-582-3p and mimic A549 cells. Subsequently, the same procedure was repeated, as described earlier.
Results
Results indicated a direct interaction between miR-582-3p and p27. Furthermore, miR-582-3p was found to enhance the proliferation of A549 cells by regulating cell cycle-related proteins, specifically p27. It was also observed that A-H-containing serum inhibited the proliferation of A549 cells through the miR-582-3p-p27 signaling pathway.
Conclusion
The study findings revealed the underlying molecular mechanisms of miR-582-3p in the development and prognosis of A549 LUAD cells. In addition, A-H inhibited LUAD proliferation through the miR-582-3p-p27 signaling pathway. These findings may provide a new understanding of the use of Chinese medicine in treating lung cancer.
Development of the First Version of ICF Core Set for Dysphagia Assessment
Authors: Li Jianjiao , Cai Simin , Jian Chuyao , Zhang Ziyu , Wang Xuejie , Li Yushan , Yang Qinglu , Zhao Shaofeng
Published: December 2024

Dysphagia is a complex condition that affects individuals with various diagnoses, leading to complications that severely impact quality of life and mental well-being. Despite its prevalence, few assessment tools based on the International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health (ICF) are tailored to dysphagia. This study aims to develop an ICF core set specific to dysphagia assessment. A literature review identified 70 ICF candidate categories. Twenty dysphagia experts completed a three-round Delphi survey, rating the importance of each category on a 5-point Likert scale. The experts' authority coefficient (Cr) evaluated the reliability of their input. Consensus was assessed through Spearman’s rank correlation and the coefficient of variation. Categories with a high consensus and a mean score > 4.0 in the third round were selected. The final ICF core set included 14 categories: 9 for bodily functions, 3 for bodily structures, and 2 for activities and participation. This ICF core set serves as a foundational step toward creating a standardized outcome measurement tool, improving clinical practice and advancing research in dysphagia assessment.
Personalized bone organoid using iPSC-derived cells for clinically relevant applications
Authors: Gao Qi , Teissier Victoria , Zhu Wenjuan , Makarcyzk Meagan , Shinohara Issei , Murayama Masatoshi , Susuki Yosuke , Chow Simon , Bruce Bunnell , Wu Joy , Lin Hang , Goodman Stuart
Published: December 2024

Patient-specific induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs)-based modeling potentially recapitulates the pathology and mechanisms more faithfully than cell line models and general animal models. Utilizing iPSC-derived cells for personalized bone formation research offers a powerful tool to better understand the role of individual differences in bone health and disease and provide more precise information for personalized bone regeneration therapies. Here we generated iPSC-derived mesenchymal progenitor cells (iMPCs), endothelial cells (iECs), and macrophages (iMØ), from different donors. Cellular markers, pluripotency properties, and immune regulatory properties were investigated. To replicate bone regeneration, we utilize different iPSC models and co-cultured three distinct cell types (iMPCs, iECs, and iMØ) in a 3D in vitro model derived from the same donor. Cells from different donors exhibited patient-specific characteristics and different regenerative capacities. Our study suggests that cells differentiated from iPSCs can be used to anticipate the effectiveness of cell-based therapies for personalized tissue regeneration.
Functional Dysphagia in a Patient with Severe Weight Loss and Multiple Psychiatric Diagnoses: A Case Report
Authors: Fu Daniel , Daichang Cathy , Jarmon Eric
Published: December 2024

Background
Functional dysphagia is a rare and complex disorder that presents diagnostic difficulties, particularly when psychiatric comorbidities are involved. This report discusses a unique case that underscores the importance of a thorough, multidisciplinary approach to the diagnosis of this disorder.
Case Presentation:
A 45-year-old female with a history of major depressive disorder, generalized anxiety disorder, and prolonged grief disorder experienced five years of vomiting shortly after eating or drinking, along with the sensation of something stuck in her throat. She also reported significant weight loss. After an extensive gastrointestinal evaluation failed to reveal an organic cause, supportive psychotherapy led to a better understanding of her symptoms. Functional dysphagia was identified as the most probable diagnosis, and the patient’s receptiveness to treatment increased with therapeutic support.
Conclusions
This case illustrates the challenges of diagnosing functional dysphagia, especially in patients with coexisting psychiatric conditions. A multidisciplinary approach, integrating both psychological and medical evaluations, is crucial to achieving an accurate diagnosis and optimizing patient care.
Development of a LAMP-LFD DNA biosensor for detecting the zoonotic monogenean Dactylogyrus spp. in goldfish (Carassius auratus)
Authors: Raksaman Awika , Tejangkura Thanawan , Purivirojkul Watchariya , Chontananarth Thapana
Published: December 2024

The genus Dactylogyrus, comprising more than 900 taxa, is an important group of ectoparasites with high host specificity that causes disease and economic loss in ornamental fish. Dactylogyrus attaches to the host’s gills, causing respiratory disorders and potentially leading to fish mortality. This study was performed to develop a detection method for Dactylogyrus spp. infection in goldfish (Carassius auratus) using a loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assay coupled with a lateral flow dipstick (LFD). The LAMP-LFD assay was performed in 75 minutes under isothermal conditions at 65°C. It demonstrated high specificity with no cross-amplification with related parasites or their definitive hosts. The sensitivity of the LAMP-LFD assay was 3 pg /µL for three Dactylogyrus species. Clinical sample examination showed that the accuracy of the LAMP-LFD assay was consistent with that of microscopy. In summary, the established LAMP-LFD assay targeting the 28S rDNA gene is a rapid and convenient method for detecting Dactylogyrus spp. in goldfish, aiding in parasite prevention, enhancing outbreak surveillance, and addressing veterinary health issues in the ornamental fish business.
Metabolic engineering of Selenocysteine Biosynthesis and Insertion Pathway in Lactococcus lactis
Authors: Peng Jing-Jing , Qin Yao , Lu Liang-Hua , Yue Shi-Yang , Shi Ping , Wang Ling-Yu , Liu Chen-Xing , Fang Yu-Hui , Gao Tian-Tian , Pei Xiao-Dong , Yu Fu-Tian , Huang Xin-bi , Liu Xiao-Ling , Wang Cheng-Hua
Published: December 2024

Se-enriched lactic acid bacteria (LAB) exist unclear metabolic flow, unstable composition of selenium spectrum and low selenoprotein content such prominent problems caused by complex metabolic pathway and non-specific incorporation of selenium currently. Accordingly, this study reports how to introduce the firstly proposed Selenocysteine Biosynthesis and Insertion Pathway (SBIP) into Lactococcus lactis (L. lactis) and specifically guide selenium metabolic flow to direct synthesis of specific selenoprotein with employed multi-level metabolic engineering strategies. In result, the integration of these key factors turned out to facilitate the establishment of SBIP in NZ9000: SelA, SelB, SelC, SelD, GshF and FDH from NZ9000/SBIP up-regulated 8.01, 19.03, 925982.32, 34.51, 31879.16 and 28367.04 multiples compared with NZ9000/p-p; FI/OD600 of NZ9000/SBIP-sfGFP was 362.25 ± 0.43; FDH enzyme activity of NZ9000/SBIP reached 28.11 ± 0.12 mU/mg, and GshF 219.47 ± 0.79 mU/mg under the optimal expression. This first successful implementation of directed synthesis of selenoprotein FDH would indicate a whole new direction to supply Sec-contained proteins through biosynthesis in LAB factory.
BHMT Prevents Renal Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury via Suppressing ROS-induced Apoptosis by Targeting NOX4
Authors: Guan Han , Hu Hao , Chen Xingyu , Mao Likai , Fang Fang , Reng Rui , Chen Zhijun
Published: December 2024

Ischemia/reperfusion injury (IRI) remains a major contributor to acute kidney injury (AKI), primarily characterized by excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) production leading to cellular apoptosis. Through gene expression omnibus (GEO) analysis, we identified betaine-homocysteine S-methyltransferase (BHMT) as significantly downregulated in both ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) and hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) models. Our study employed RT-qPCR and western blot analyses to assess RNA and protein expression, while cellular injury was evaluated through MTT assay, flow cytometry, and ROS-related assays. BHMT overexpression significantly attenuated ROS generation and cellular apoptosis in both H/R and I/R conditions. Mechanistic investigations revealed that BHMT enhanced S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) synthesis, subsequently increasing DNA methyltransferase (DNMT) activity. This enhancement promoted DNMT1/DNMT3B-mediated methylation of the NADPH oxidase 4 (NOX4) promoter, effectively suppressing NOX4 transcription and expression. Rescue experiments confirmed that BHMT's protective effects against H/R-induced cell apoptosis and ROS generation were mediated through NOX4 downregulation. Our findings demonstrate that BHMT ameliorates renal IRI by suppressing ROS-stimulated apoptosis via NOX4 regulation, suggesting its potential as both a biomarker and therapeutic target for IRI-induced AKI.
A preliminary study on digital quantification of ocular attributes in cattle as potential non- invasive predictors of anemia
Authors: Lashari Mushtaq Hussain , Abdullah Anna , Nazir Fouzia , Iqbal Asma , Afzal Muhammad Abrar , Farooq Umer , Idris Musadiq , Khan Musarrat Abbas , Shahzad Faisal , Azam Mahad , Shahzad Khawar Ali , Fouad Dalia , Ataya Farid Shokry , Nasreen Shagufta
Published: December 2024

Background
Various non-invasive indicators such as ocular attributes have been tested and validated in respect to assessment of anemia and vitamin A deficiency in human medical sciences with promising results. However, regarding veterinary diagnostics/prognostics, there is a paucity of literature for photometric assessment of anemia in cattle. The present preliminary study is the first account of digital quantification of various ocular attributes in cattle (n = 36) carried out with an objective to unearth the potential of these attributes (RGB analysis and morphometry of eye balls, and color of palpebral conjunctiva) as non-invasive predictors of RBC count, hemoglobin (Hb) and packed cell volume (PCV).
Results
Results showed that green (r = 0.571), blue (r = 0.706), yellow (r = 0.624), black (r = 0.712) and whiteness (r = 0.778) of cattle eye were positively and significantly (P ≤ 0.05) correlated to Hb with an adjusted r-square value of 0.67, indicating 67.0% predictability for overall model. Similarly, red (r= -0.536), green (r= -0.565), magenta (r= -0.409), yellow (r= -0.563), black (r = 0.700) and whiteness (r= -0.805) were highly correlated (P ≤ 0.05) to Hb with a strong overall model predictability of 67.6%. The associations with RBC count were, however, weaker and non-significant (23% predictability).
Conclusions
It is concluded that various ocular attributes of cattle, particularly blue, yellow, black, whiteness and lightness, could serve as non-invasive indicators of Hb and PCV, assisting in detecting of anemia. The palpebral conjunctiva color chart developed through this preliminary data could function as an on-field point-of-care testing (POCT) tool for predicting Hb and PCV levels in cattle. Future research should involve larger sample sizes and explore additional non-invasive indicators for use in veterinary diagnostics/prognostics.
Neuroprotective effects of the Sodium Nitroprusside against Chronic Kidney Disease Induced-Cognitive Disorder in rats: Investigating the Involvement of Cystathionine Beta- Synthase in Nrf2/HO-1 Signaling Pathway
Authors: Hamidizad Zeinab , Kadkhodaee Mehri , Kianian Farzaneh , Ranjbaran Mina , Heidari Fatemeh , Seifi Behjat
Published: December 2024

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a conceivable new risk factor for cognitive disorder and dementia. Uremic toxicity, oxidative stress, and peripheral-central inflammation have been considered important mediators of CKD-induced nervous disorders. Nitric oxide (NO) is a retrograde neurotransmitter in synapses, and has vital roles in intracellular signaling in neurons. This research aims to determine the effectiveness of NO in CKD-induced cognitive deficits by considering the Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway and the important roles of cystathionine beta-synthase (CBS, H2S producing enzyme). Forty rats were divided into four experimental groups: sham, five-sixth (5/6) nephrectomy (CKD), CKD + NO donor (Sodium nitroprusside, SNP), CKD + SNP and a CBS inhibitor (amino-oxy acetic acid, AOAA). To assess the neurocognitive abilities, eleven weeks after 5/6Nx, behavioral tests (Novel object recognition test, Passive avoidance test, and Barnes maze test) were done. Twelfth week after 5/6Nx, blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and serum creatinine (sCr) levels, as well as the nuclear factor-erythroid factor 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) expression levels and neuronal injury in the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex were assessed. As predicted, the levels of BUN and sCr and neuronal injury in the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex increased in CKD rats as well as 5/6Nx induced reduction of Nrf2/HO-1 pathway activity. Moreover, CKD leads to cognitive disorder and memory loss. SNP treatment significantly improved Nrf2/HO-1 pathways and neuronal injury as well as enhanced learning and memory ability in CKD rats. However, ameliorating effects of SNP on cognitive disorder and Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway activity were nullified by CBS inhibitor and H2S reduction. In conclusion, this study demonstrated that many biological effects of NO are probably mediated by CBS activity and endogenous H2S levels.
Trial of labour after caesarean (TOLAC): analysing predictors and outcome of failure in a multi-ethnic population
Authors: Shittu Saheed , Athar Sufia , Koujan Farhan , Olukade Tawa , Al-Maslamani Kholode , Alansari Lolwa
Published: December 2024

Background
The global increase in Caesarean section (CS) rate can be reduced by increasing the uptake of trial of labour after caesarean (TOLAC). This study aims to evaluate the success rate and risk factors for failure and the delivery outcome of women who attempted TOLAC in a maternity unit.
Materials and Methods
This retrospective cohort study was conducted on pregnant women with one previous CS who attempted TOLAC between November 2022 to October 2023 in Al Wakrah Hospital, Qatar. The required data were collected from the women’s electronic records and were analysed. Patients who had successful vaginal delivery were classified as successful TOLAC group and those who attempted TOLAC but had a repeat CS due to obstetric reasons were classified into the failed TOLAC group. The success rate and outcomes of the two groups were determined and univariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed to identify the factors associated with failed TOLAC.
Results
In total, 341 women with one previous CS who attempted TOLAC had their charts reviewed retrospectively. The overall failure rate was 26.1% (89/341). Five women were diagnosed with scar rupture. All of them had good maternal and neonatal outcomes. None had hysterectomy. The women in the failed TOLAC group had significantly higher incidence of scar rupture and neonatal intensive care unit admissions. The rate of scar dehiscence, major postpartum haemorrhage, infectious morbidity and low Apgar score were also higher in the failed group but not statistically significant. There was no maternal or neonatal death. Multiple regression analysis showed that women of non-Arab ethnicity, no previous vaginal delivery, inter-delivery interval less than 2 years, induction of labour and birth weight > 4000g were risk factors for TOLAC failure
Conclusion
The study suggested that TOLAC was safe and effective in reducing CS rate in our multi-ethnic population. Failure of TOLAC is associated with increased maternal and neonatal complications and can be predicted. Early identification of failure to progress and fetal distress and prompt intervention will minimize sequelae.
Sevoflurane versus propofol on postoperative cognitive dysfunction in patients undergoing cardiac surgery under cardiopulmonary bypass: a comparative analysis
Authors: Zhao Na , Qin Rui , Liu Bin , Zhang Dongmei
Published: December 2024

This is a comparative analysis of the effects of sevoflurane (SEV) versus propofol (PRO) on postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) in patients undergoing cardiac surgery (CS) under cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). We collected and grouped 113 patients undergoing CS with CPB from March 2018 to May 2021, in which PRO group (n = 58) received PRO intervention and SEV group (n = 55) received SEV intervention. Baseline data, anesthesia effects (CPB duration, anesthesia time, respiratory recovery time, and anesthesia recovery time), Montreal Cognitive Assessment Scale (MoCA), POCD, neurological function indexes (neuron-specific enolase [NSE], S-100β, and matrix metalloproteinase [MMP] 9), and serum inflammatory indexes (interleukin [IL]-6, IL-8, and tumor necrosis factor [TNF]-α) were comparatively analyzed. The PRO group had the same CPB duration as the SEV group but significantly shorter anesthesia time, respiratory recovery time and anesthesia recovery time. In addition, the postoperative MoCA score in the PRO group reduced markedly compared with the baseline, but still higher than that in the SEV group; the POCD rate was significantly lower compared with the SEV group, and NSE, S-100β, MMP9, IL-6, IL-8 and TNF-α were elevated than the baseline but still obviously lower than the SEV group. This shows that PRO is more effective than SEV in preventing POCD in patients undergoing CS under CPB, with better anesthetic effects and superior performance than SEV in protecting nerve function and inhibiting serum inflammation.
The relaxation behaviors and competing aging mechanisms of GAP-based propellant during the aging process
Authors: Wang Jiangtao , Zhang Guanglong , Yang Li , Liu Xiangyang , Wang Ningfei
Published: December 2024

The glycidyl azide polymer(GAP)-based propellant, as a category of composite propellant with higher energy efficiency, exhibits a distinct nonlinear change in viscoelastic behaviours during the aging, which differs from the single change trend behaviours of other traditional propellants. This study investigates the relaxation behaviours of solid propellants under thermal aging conditions at 60°C. Nuclear Magnetic Resonance and high-performance liquid chromatography tests are used to reveal the aging mechanisms for the nonlinear variation in the relaxation curves of GAP-based propellants. The aging process of GAP-based propellants can be divided into three stages. In the first stage, the propellants are primarily influenced by post-curing reactions. Subsequently, the aging process is affected by both the scission of the crosslinking network and the degradation reactions of the plasticizer. These two mechanisms operate a competitive effect on relaxation, due to their alterations of the propellant's free volume microscopically. In addition, this work presents a predictive model for the relaxation modulus based on the established aging mechanisms, indicating the nonlinear fluctuations of the aging shift factor. The model effectively predicts the variations in the relaxation modulus during the thermal aging process of GAP-based propellants.
Association of BRAF Mutation with Treatment Response and Prognostic Factors in Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Darabi Rezvan , Hemmatabadi Mahboobe , Motiee-Langroudi Maziar , Sohrabi Hanye , Saffar Hana , Jafari Mehrdad
Published: December 2024

Background: The overall mortality rate in papillary thyroid carcinoma is not high, and the association between BRAF v600e mutation and mortality is dependent on tumor behaviors. Therefore, the utility of BRAF v600e mutation as a predictor for mortality risk in papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) patients remains uncertain and is the subject of this study.
Methods: In this retrospective cohort study, tissue samples were obtained from 47 Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma (PTC) patients who referred to the surgery and endocrinology outpatient centers of Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex (IKHC) for their post-operation follow-ups between 2018 and 2021. No interventions have been made on the patients and the inclusion criteria were patients who underwent operation in IKHC. The examined data included age, sex, tumor size, tumor stage, tumor variant, lymph node involvement, history of radiation therapy, recurrence or persistence of the disease, and post-operation treatment method. Patients’ response to treatment were categorized into 4 groups, namely, excellent response, intermediate response, biochemical incomplete response, and structural incomplete response. Thereafter the correlation of BRAF tumor marker existence with response to treatment has been evaluated.
Results: From the 47 samples evaluated pathologically, 20 cases (42.6%) carried and 27 cases (57.4%) lacked the BRAF mutation. There was no statistically significant difference in terms of BRAF mutation between sex groups, tumor variants, various tumor multifocality, tumor stage at diagnosis, lymph node metastasis, and vascular invasion. Moreover, necrosis was only positive in one sample and had no significant correlation with BRAF mutation, which could be because of the limited sample size. On the other hand, the frequency of BRAF positive samples were significantly higher in high risk tumors compared with low and intermediate risk tumors. The BRAF mutation also significantly correlates with the incomplete response to treatment and extrathyroidal extension of the tumor.
Conclusion: Herein, we indicated that the BRAF mutation is associated with high risk tumor character, and the absence of this mutation leads to a better tumor prognosis. The treatment strategy can be modified accordingly with limited surgical intervention, less need for high dose radioactive iodine complementary treatment, and longer follow-up intervals for low risk patient.
Detection of AIBV, MHV, WESV, HKU10, and BCoV in Wild Mammals under Human Care in Mexico: Exploring Natural Coronavirus Infections and Potential Atypical Reservoirs
Authors: Medina-Gudiño Jocelyn , Verdugo-Rodríguez Antonio , López-Vidal Yolanda , Pardo-Tovar J. Adolfo , Velázquez-Salinas Lauro , Basurto-Alcántara Francisco Javier
Published: December 2024

Coronaviruses infect multiple animal and human hosts. Some human coronaviruses, such as SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV, and SARS-CoV-2, originated from animals, with bats often serving as ancestral hosts. This study analyzed RNA samples from wild animals using RT-PCR targeting the RdRp gene to detect and genotype coronaviruses in wild animals in Mexico as potential reservoirs. Samples were collected from wild animals in three Mexican states, and RNA was extracted and amplified via RT-PCR targeting a conserved region of the RdRp gene. Phylogenetic analysis was performed to determine the genetic relationships of the identified coronaviruses. The study found RNA from Gammacoronavirus in mouflons, fallow deer, llamas, and spider monkeys; Betacoronavirus RNA in mouflons and dwarf goats; and Alphacoronavirus RNA in dwarf goats and ponies. The identified viral sequences were highly similar to known coronaviruses, including avian infectious bronchitis virus (AIBV), bovine coronavirus (BCoV), murine hepatitis virus (MHV), Wénchéng shrew coronavirus (WESV), and Roussetus bat coronavirus HKU10 (HKU10). These findings represent the first report of AIBV, MHV, WESV, and HKU10 in these species, as well as the first isolation of AIBV from mouflons, llamas, and spider monkeys. This contributes valuable insights into the potential role of wildlife as coronavirus reservoirs. Understanding these dynamics is crucial for monitoring and preventing future zoonotic transmissions.
CO₂ Capture in Permeable Concrete Blocks through Carbonation in Various Environmental Conditions
Authors: Costa Daniela , Santos Caio , Poll Lerika , Cordeiro Luciana
Published: December 2024

This study aims to evaluate the behavior of CO₂ absorption through carbonation in permeable concrete blocks (CPER). The cementitious material was produced with varying grain size distributions of river gravel and set at two water-cement (w/c) ratios. Performance parameters established by the Brazilian Standard (ABNT NBR 16416/2015) were assessed by conducting flexural tensile strength and permeability coefficient tests. CO₂ uptake was measured by exposing permeable blocks to three different environmental conditions, using phenolphthalein as a chemical indicator to signal carbonation. The analysis considered two curing ages with immersion and carbonation depth verification in permeable blocks. The results indicate compliance with the standards and confirm the suitability of permeable blocks for CO₂ capture.