bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Peculiarities of expansion of alien species of vascular plants due to the development of transport infrastructure of the Valdaisky National Park
Authors: Belonovskaya E. A. , Tishkov A. A. , Tsarevskaya N. G. , Khmelshchikov I. G.
Published: August 2024

On the territory of the Valdaisky National Park (Novgorod oblast) the analysis of invasions of alien species of vascular plants was carried out. The risk of invasion of alien species into natural ecosystems was assessed, considering the history of land use in the region, current nature management practices, and the ongoing development of transport infrastructure in the area. Since 2005, annual monitoring studies have been carried out using standard geobotanical methods along existing, modernized, and new linear structures in the Park’s territory and buffer zone. It has been shown that the forest–field–meadow structure of the vegetation cover, which has developed over the centuries, and the composition of the Park’s flora have proved to be quite resistant to the invasions. The composition and value of the invasive component in the flora of the National Park is 18% (133 species from 42 families). At the same time, the role of transport infrastructure in the spread of alien species is obvious. About 40–50% of the invasive flora (about 50–70 species) is limited to railways and roads, and their composition can determine the vector of spread—from the south-east and south to the north and north-west. In order to reduce the risk of invasion of alien vascular plant species and to preserve the unique native floristic complex, strict regulations are required for the development of transport infrastructure in the National Park.
Reconstructions of paleofires in the Upper Don Basin in the Late Holocene
Authors: Kupriyanov D. A. , Volkova E. M. , Mironov V. V. , Leonova O. A. , Chepurnaya А. А. , Novenko Е. Yu.
Published: August 2024

Reconstruction of the fire frequency in the area of the Kulikovo Battlefield Museum Reserve (Upper Don Basin, Central Russian Upland) over the last 4000 years was carried out on the basis of macrocharcoal analysis (study of macroscopic charcoal particles with a linear size greater than 100 μm) of the peat core from the Podkosmovsky bog, which received the status of a specially protected natural area in 2013. The results of macroscopic charcoal analysis were compared with published quantitative reconstructions of forest cover and vegetation dynamics in the region, palynological data and archaeological material. The results of the study showed low fire activity in the area of the Kulikovo Battlefield between 4000 and 1500 cal (calibrated) years BP. According to the results of pollen analysis, the study area belonged to the forest-steppe vegetation zone during this period. The mosaic of plant cover included patches of deciduous pine forests, floodplain alder forests and grassland steppes on dry slopes. The forest cover of the area was 30–40% and reached 45% at about 2700 cal years BP, when the climate cooled and humidity increased. From 1500 cal years BP, the rate of charcoal accumulation in the peat deposit of the Podkosmosky bog gradually increased. The highest frequency of forest fires and the highest charcoal accumulation rates in peat were found for the period 900–300 cal years BP. The relationship between the periods of increased charcoal influx and climatic changes in the Late Holocene has not been established, but there is a clear correspondence between the interval of increased charcoal accumulation in peat and the stages of human activity in the region, confirmed by numerous archaeological finds. The decrease in forest cover in the study area to 15–20% over the same period and the abundance of anthropogenic pollen indicators in the pollen assemblages indicate an increase in human impact on the vegetation.
Landscape framework and geography of religion: a terminological aspect (a case study of geographical publications in English)
Authors: Poplavsky R. О. , Korandei F. S. , Cherepanov M. S.
Published: August 2024

This article attempts to illustrate current approaches to the study of religious phenomena using the landscape framework. The authors identify similarities and differences in the interpretations of the most common terms used in foreign research to describe religion. The article shows that their semantic difference is mainly determined by their use as tools of either cultural geography or social anthropology. In particular, cultural geography focuses on the material objects of cultural landscapes and their geographical distribution, while social anthropology highlights specific features of people’s religious discourse and practices and analyses social processes that shape the modern world landscape. The term religious landscape can be used in the following ways, depending on how it is operationalized. First, it refers to the totality of material objects associated with religion. Secondly, it refers to the places where rituals take place. Finally, it refers to the territory in which followers of particular religious traditions live. The term religioscape implies a situation of conflict or complementary interaction between followers of different religions sharing the same space. Sacred landscape is sometimes applied as a synonym for the term religious landscape meaning a set of religious material objects. Sometimes it means a complex of natural places or objects of worship (mountains, hills, swamps, and others) that provides a general framework for various individual religious landscapes within it. The term sacroscape refers to the historically formed material manifestations of religiosity influencing both contemporary people and earth’s surface. The term spiritual landscape has several basic meanings. On the one hand, it is used as a synonym for religious landscape or sacred landscape. Secondly, it serves as a broader, generalizing term to describe all aspects of human interaction (ideas, objects, practices) with the supersensible world. Finally, the term spiritual landscape refers to spaces of not only ritual but also everyday practices.
Identifikasi Potensi Bahaya Bekerja di Ketinggian (Working at Height) pada Pekerja Repainting di PT. X Tahun 2023
Authors: Wardani Siti Pangarsi Dyah Kusuma , Savira Intan , Nuraeni Tating
Published: August 2024

Bekerja di ketinggian (working at height) merupakan suatu kegiatan yang dikategorikan sebagai pekerjaan dengan resiko tingi, berdasarkan laporan Labour Force Survey (LFS2) UK, penyebab terjadinya kecelakaan yang berdampak pada cidera serius dan kematian adalah terjatuh dari atas ketinggian dan sebagian besar terjadi pada pekerja bidang konstruksi. Sebagai upaya pengendalian risiko kecelakaan kerja, perlu diidentifikasi potensi bahaya yang ada serta dilakukan pengendalian yang memadai. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian deskriptif kualitatif dengan menggunakan pendekatan studi kasus (case study). Informan berjumlah 4 orang. Teknik pengambilan data yang digunakan yaitu wawancara, observasi, dan studi dokumentasi. Teknik analisis pengolahan data yang digunakan yaitu transkripsi, koding, kategorisasi, review tema/ pattern matching, mendefinisikan dan menamai tema serta membuat akhir tema. Identifikasi potensi bahaya pekerjaan di ketinggian pada proyek repainting di PT. X adalah potensi bahaya mekanis berupa drop object dan tali lanyard terlilit pada pipa scaffolding. PT. X agar lebih memperhatikan proteksi terhadap berbagai potensi bahaya yang terdapat dalam proyek repainting dengan menyediakan safety net untuk melindungi pekerja dari potensi bahaya drop object. PT. X menyediakan sebuah media alat berupa skylift truck untuk lebih memastikan keamanan pekerja saat melakukan perpindahan posisi saat mengecat, sehingga potensi untuk terpeleset dan terlilit tali lanyard dapat diminimalisir. Peneliti selanjutnya dapat melengkapi dokumen yang diperlukan untuk penelitian dengan tema identifikasi potensi bahaya.Kata kunci: Identifikasi, Pekerjaan Ketinggian, Potensi Bahaya
Analisis Pelaksanaan Program Penanggulangan Tuberkulosis pada Puskesmas Kuta Alam Tahun 2023.
Authors: Kamalurrijal Kamalurrijal , Fahdhienie Farrah , Aramico Basri
Published: August 2024

Tuberculosis (TBC) masih menjadi salah satu masalah kesehatan masyarakat di dunia. Menurut WHO secara global pada tahu 2022 diperkirakan 10 juta orang meninggal dengan Tuberculosis (TB). setara dengan 132 kasus per 100.000 penduduk. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui evaluasi pelaksanaan program penanggulangan TBC di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Kuta Alam Tahun 2023. Penelitian ini bersifat kualitatif yang dilaksanakan pada tanggal 24-31 Juli tahun 2023 dengan jumlah informan 4 orang. Data utama penelitian ini adalah data primer dilengkapi dengan data sekunder. Data sekunder di ambil dari Puskesmas Kuta Alam. Data primer didapatkan dengan melakukan wawancara mendalam (Indepth Interview) kepada Kepala Puskesmas, PJ Program TBC dan pasien penderita TBC, dianalisis menggunakan metode triangulasi data. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa belum terdapat kebijakan khusus di Puskesmas Kuta Alam, pendanaan kegiatan Program berasal dari dana BOK, angka keberhasilan pengobatan sudah 100%, tidak mencapai standar nasional pada Angka Penemuan Kasus (CDR), ketidakstabilan Angka Notifikasi Kasus (CNR), penurunan Angka Penjaringan Kasus dari tahun ke tahun yang mengakibatkan kurang optimalnya pelaksanaan program penanggulangan TBC yang berjalan di Puskesmas Kuta Alam. Kepada pihak Puskesmas yaitu meningkatkan pelaksanaan program penanggulangan TBC khususnya pada penyuluhan tentang TBC, menambah jumlah SDM agar memadai dan fokus dalam penanganan TBC. Pada Dinas Kesehatan perlu memperbanyak sosialisasi langsung maupun tidak langsung kepada masyarakat sehingga mampu meningkatkan pengetahuan dan kesadaran masyarakat secara umum tentang TBC dan bahayanya TBC.
Menantang Paradigma : Citra Tubuh dan Obesitas pada Remaja Akhir di Indonesia
Authors: Sokang Yasinta Astin , Sidharta Novetania
Published: August 2024

The adolescent perspective on body image is influenced by individual experiences and mass media portrayals. Considering society's perception that being thin and having fair skin defines beauty, this research aimed to explore the body image of late adolescents in Indonesia. The researchers hypothesized that adolescents with obesity would have a negative body image, while non-obese adolescents would have a positive body image. The Body Appreciation Scale-2 (BAS-2) was used for measurement. A total of 421 late adolescent respondents (aged 18-21) from various islands in Indonesia participated in the study. The research findings rejected the initial hypothesis. Based on categorization according to Body Mass Index (BMI), respondents categorized as underweight, normal weight, overweight, and obesity type I exhibited high body image categories. Meanwhile, respondents classified as obesity type II had a moderate body image category. These results are discussed in detail in the discussion section.
Faktor Petugas Kesehatan dalam Keberhasilan Pengobatan Penyakit Kusta di Tingkat Puskesmas Kabupaten Indramayu
Authors: Rahmah Alifia Nur , Santik Yunita Dyah Puspita
Published: August 2024

Jumlah kasus baru kusta di Kabupaten Indramayu pada tahun 2022 sebanyak 377 kasus (21,37 per 100.000 penduduk) dan RFT Rate PB sebesar 88,889 sedangkan RFT Rate MB sebesar 79,17. Sedangkan pada tahun 2023 jumlah kasus kusta sebanyak 299 kasus (12,92 per 100.000 penduduk) dan RFT Rate PB sebesar 84,85 sedangkan RFT Rate MB sebesar 76,7. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui faktor keberhasilan pengobatan dari segi faktor pendorong petugas pemegang program kusta di Kabupaten Indramayu. Jenis penelitian ini menggunakan metode analitik observasional (mencari hubungan antar variabel) dengan pendekatan cross sectional. Kasus dalam penelitian ini yaitu faktor pendorong keberhasilan pengobatan dari sigi petugas pemegang program, kriteria inklusi yaitu petugas kusta yang bekerja di puskesmas wilayah kerja Dinkes Kabupaten Indramayu dan memiliki angka keberhasilan pengobatan (RFT). Sampel yang ditetapkan sebesar 33, dengan teknik purposive sampling, instrumen yang digunakan yaitu kuisioner terstruktur. Data dianalisis dengan menggunakan uji Chi Square. Hasil penelitian didapatkan bahwa ada hubungan antara pengalaman kerja (p value=0,009), tingkat pengetahuan (p value=0,023), motivasi kerja (p value=0,024), dan tidak ada hubungan antara usia (p value=1,000), pelatihan kusta (p value=0,601), jenis profesi (p value= 0,485). Saran kepada petugas kusta di puskesmas untuk meningkatkan motivasi kerja, pengetahuan kusta dan aktif dalam kegiatan CFR serta pemberian obat kepada penderita, supaya dapat menaikkan angka keberhasilan pengobatan kusta.
Analisis Implementasi Kebijakan Manajemen Tata Kelola Di Rumah Sakit Mitra Medika Medan Amplas
Authors: Hutajulu Setia Megawati , Nuraini Nuraini , Nasution Ramadhani Syafitri
Published: August 2024

Tata kelola merupakan sistem tata kelola dalam melaksanakan manajemen yang baik dan dapat membantu dalam uapaya meningkatkan kinerja perusahaan dan kualitas pelayanan khususnya perusahaan rumah sakit yang memberikan pelayanan jasa kesehatan kepada masyarakat, penerapan tata kelola yang baik pada perusahaan menjadi salah satu faktor yang mendukung perusahaan dalam meningkatkan pelayanan dan inovasi manajemen, Tujuan dalam penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui dan menganalisis pelaksanaan aspek tata kelola seperti aspek transparansi, akuntabilitas, responslibilitas, kemandirian, kewajaran dan hambatan yang dighadapi, penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif yang bertujuan membuktikan fenomena dalam permasalahan penelitian Informan penelitian sebanyak 6 orang termasuk direktur, kepala bagian keuangan, SDM, komite mutu, kepala keperawatan dan perawat, Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pada pelaksanaan tata kelola di rumah sakit Mitra Medika Amplas pada aspek transparansi sudah berjalan namun belum dilakukan secara keseluruhan karena banyak aspek yang bersifat privasi rumah sakit, dalam pelaksanaan akuntabilitas rumah sakit sudah menjalankan sesuai dengan peraturan dan standar yang berlaku, dalam pelaksanaan aspek responsibilitas bahwa rumah sakit sudah melaksanakan aseperti SDM kesehatan sudah melaksanakan tugas dan fungsinya sesuai dengan profesinya masing-masing, pada aspek kemandirian bahwa rumah sakit dapat melaksanakan segala sesuatu secara mandiri, dalam aspek kewajaran bahwa rumah sakit sudah melaksanakan dan memperlakukan seluruh karyawan dengan wajar dan adil.
Saran dalam penelitian ini adalah perlu melaksanakan aspek transparansi, akuntabilitas, responsibilitas, kemandirian dan kewajaran dapat lebih dilaksanakan lebih baik lagi dan secara keseluruhan serta dapat sebagai sasaran dalam pelaksanaan audit internal rumah sakit Mitra Medika Amplas.
Preservice Teachers’ Perspectives on the implementation of Inclusive Education
Authors: Bunbun David Uwumborlame , Owusu Teddy Afriyie
Published: August 2024

The study sought to explore preservice teachers’ perspective on the implementation of inclusive education in the university of Education, Winneba, specifically, the department of Special Education. The study employed a phenomenological design. Semi-structured interviews were used to gather data for the study. The population of the study comprised preservice teachers in their final year. The purposive sampling technique was used to select the participants. The sample size of the study was 21 preservice teachers within the department of Special Education. Majority of the respondents perceived that, the implementation of inclusive education is a movement away from segregation, it is a tool for effective inclusive teaching. The study recommends that, Policy makers such as the Ministry of Education should make available copies of the inclusive education Policy book to preservice teachers. This would enable preservice teachers to have indebt knowledge on the policy and as well as its practice. It is also recommended that, the University of Education, Winneba should organize and schedule frequent workshop trainings on inclusive education professional development for preservice teachers.
Preschool teachers’ self-efficacy and children’s motivation on science
Authors: Bekirler Aslı , Dikici Siğirtmaç Ayperi
Published: August 2024

This study focuses on two critical factors in science education: Teachers' self-efficacy beliefs and children's motivation. The purpose is to examine the relationship between preschool teachers' self-efficacy beliefs towards science education and children's science motivation, while also exploring potential variations based on specific variables. The sample for this quantitative research included 298 children aged between 60 and 72 months (149 girls, 149 boys) and their 149 teachers. The participant children are randomly selected from each teacher's class, with an equal representation of girls and boys. Data were collected using the Self-Efficacy Scale for Preschool Science Education, the Science Motivation Scale for Preschool Children, and a Personal Information Form. According to the results of the analysis, there is a positive correlation between preschool teachers' self-efficacy beliefs in science education and their professional experience and educational qualifications. Furthermore, the study revealed that children's science motivation was not affected by their age and gender. Moreover, there was a positive relationship between the frequency of hands-on science activities and both teachers' self-efficacy beliefs and children's science motivation. Above all, a significant positive relationship was found between children's science motivation and teachers' self-efficacy perceptions towards science. In conclusion, this study suggests that more time should be allocated to science activities in preschool education and that programs that support the development of preschool teachers' self-efficacy in science should be included. In this way, teachers' confidence and competence in teaching science can be increased and positive effects can be created on children's interest and motivation in science from an early age.
Metaverse Applications in Education 4.0
Authors: Ghoulam Khalid , Bouikhalene Belaid
Published: August 2024

The advent of Education 4.0, which aligns with the fourth industrial revolution, has been significantly influenced by advancements in digital technologies. Central to this evolution is the metaverse, a virtual shared space that merges augmented reality, virtual reality, and physical reality. This paper delves into the metaverse's applications within Education 4.0, highlighting its potential to revolutionize learning experiences, enhance collaboration, and improve access to quality education. By reviewing current literature and case studies, we identify the primary benefits, such as increased engagement, personalized learning, and broader accessibility. Additionally, we address the challenges associated with metaverse integration, including technical limitations, privacy concerns, and the need for new pedagogical approaches. Through a mixed-methods research approach, combining qualitative and quantitative data along with expert interviews, this paper provides a comprehensive overview of the metaverse's role in future education. The findings suggest that while significant hurdles remain, the metaverse offers a promising avenue for transforming educational practices to meet the demands of the digital age, ultimately fostering more dynamic, inclusive, and effective learning environments. Future research should focus on evaluating long-term impacts and developing standards for metaverse applications in education.
Analysis of Sanitation and Diarrhea Factors with The Incidence of Stunting in Indonesia
Authors: Dwi Wahyuni Sumarti , Husnina Zida , Sulistyorini Lilis , Azizah R.
Published: August 2024

Stunting is a significant public health problem for toddlers in developing countries. The prevalence of stunting in Indonesia in 2018 was 30.8%. Referring to the target of the National Medium-Term Development Plan (RPJMN) in 2019, the stunting rate of 28% has yet to be achieved. Determinants of stunting include direct and indirect factors. Direct factors are nutritional intake and infectious diseases. Indirect factors are food adequacy, parenting, sanitation, clean water, and essential health services. This study aims to summarize scientific evidence related to the relationship between sanitation and diarrhea factors and stunting in toddlers. This study uses meta-analysis, and article sources come from Google Scholar, Science Direct, and PubMed. Based on the inclusion requirements of the writing, namely informing about sanitation and diarrhea with stunting cases in toddlers, observational research designs, and publication years 2018–2022, 15 articles were obtained. Based on the meta-analysis results, sanitation (clean water) was the highest risk factor, with a pooled value of PR = 4.437 (95% CI 0.67–2.30). The lowest risk factor was latrines, with a pooled PR = 2.459 (95% CI -0.04–1.39). Analysis of diarrhea variables with pooled value PR = 1,404 (95% CI 0.12–0.56). It was concluded that the most significant risk was the clean water factor. Essential factors to control stunting risk are preparing the availability of clean water, advocating for local governments to take a leading role in providing clean water to areas in need, initiating behavior change, and increasing awareness about stunting risks as part of prevention programs.
The Relationship between Noise Intensity and Blood Pressure in Communities Around Bangkal Village
Authors: Akbar Muhammad Shaufi , Junaidi Junaidi , Ali As Zulfikar , Khair Abdul
Published: August 2024

Noise is a serious problem because it can have an impact on health, one of which is high blood pressure (hypertension). Noise can come from inside or outside the house. One source of noise from outside the house is traffic. Noise comes from the sound produced by motorized vehicles, especially from the engine, exhaust, and the interaction between the wheels and the road. This research aims to determine and analyze the relationship between noise intensity and blood pressure in the community around Bangkal Village. This research is observational analytic, using a cross-sectional design. Observations were made on 68 people, consisting of 40 people for the cluster on the side of the road and 28 people for the cluster 32 m from the road. Data were analyzed using the gamma correlation test. A sound level meter was used to collect noise data, a blood pressure meter was used to collect blood pressure data, and a questionnaire was used to collect respondent characteristics. The research results show that noise ranges between 46.6 dBA – 72.3 dBA. Twelve people (40%) suffered from high blood pressure, and 28 people (60%) had normal blood pressure. There is no significant relationship between noise intensity and blood pressure. This information is helpful for future researchers conducting further research by considering other variables or carrying out noise measurements in the house (indoors).
MODI ‘Wave’-Leadership Legitimation and Institutionalization in Indian Politics
Authors: Rai Praveen
Published: August 2024

‘Wave’ is a political phenomenon that leads to a major electoral gain or loss for a political party, an expression of pro or anti-incumbency public mood. ‘MODI-wave’ is an electoral manifestation depicting the hegemonic leadership of Narendra Modi that scripts victories in Indian elections based on political charisma, social legitimacy and cultural nationalism. His critics question legality of his regime in terms of democratic deficit, incompetent governance and unrepresentative of ‘will of the whole people’. However, the saffron party’s victories in national elections 2014 and 2019 is a reflection of ‘will of the majority’ that institutionalized and routinized Modi wave. ‘There is No Alternative’ to Modi’ is deeply entrenched in minds of voters as they rewarded him with successive leadership renewals and re-legitimations. The validation of Modi’s leadership in national elections 2024 vindicates that the goalpost of party politics in India has changed from ideological contestations to presidentialization, a battle of charismatic populism.
Use of Learning Video Media on Biology Science Learning Outcomes Human Respiratory System Material at GKST 3 Tentena Middle School
Authors: Rinty Ulfa Tridewi Octovianty , Tjenemundan Delfince , Ambotuo Viskarita F.M
Published: August 2024

Abstract: The learning process requires every teacher to create conditions in the learning space so that it can be useful and interesting, which can help students be able to achieve predetermined goals. This research aims to determine students' Biology Science learning outcomes regarding the human respiratory system before and after using learning video media at GKST 3 Tentena Middle School. This research uses a quantitative descriptive approach. The population of this research was 15 students in class VIII The resulting data was analyzed using the t-test technique by explaining and illustrating the data presented in the form of qualitative descriptive tables or graphs. The results of this research show that there are differences in student learning outcomes in the biology science subject material on the human respiratory system for class VIII students at SMP GKST 3 Tentena in using video learning media. This can be seen from the increase in the average pre-test score (22.61) and the average post-test score (48.93). The relationship between the values ??of the two results is moderately correlated, namely a correlation coefficient of 0.5060.
Spielräume des Ermessens
Authors: Rölver Michael
Published: August 2024

Fachkräfte der Sozialen Arbeit sind herausgefordert, in komplexen, oftmals uneindeutigen Situationen Entscheidungen zu treffen. In der vorliegenden Arbeit werden Ermessensspielräume in Fallbesprechungen der Jugendsozialarbeit empirisch nachgewiesen und in der Entstehung rekonstruiert. Bei ihrer interaktiven Aushandlung kommt nicht nur theoretisches, sondern auch praktisches, implizites Wissen zum Ausdruck. Auf spezifische Weise fallen in diesen Aushandlungsprozessen fachliche Autonomie und Reproduktion sozialer Ordnung zusammen. Im Umgang mit Uneindeutigkeiten werden Praktiken der Bewältigung erkennbar, die auf die Wahrnehmung von fachlichen Handlungsmöglichkeiten gerichtet sind. Ermessensspielräume werden daher als zentrale Orte der Vermittlung professionalisierter Praxis konzipiert.
Calidad de vida de pacientes con retinoblastoma
Authors: Arteaga Henríquez María Ignacia , Ochoa Echeverría Tatiana , Pérez Mardones Verónica , Ossandón Villaseca Diego , Rosas Paetz Maite , Millán Klüsse Teresa , Vargas Catalán Nelson Adolfo , Villegas Rios Rodrigo
Published: August 2024

El Retinoblastoma (Rb) es el cáncer intraocular pediátrico más frecuente, y en conjunto con su tratamiento, pueden impactar negativamente en la calidad de vida. Pocos estudios han evaluado la calidad de vida en estos pacientes, ninguno en América Latina.Objetivos: Evaluar la calidad de vida general, física, emocional, social y escolar, de pacientes tratados por Rb; analizar qué factores del paciente, enfermedad o tratamiento se asocian a peores resultados.Pacientes y Método: Estudio descriptivo, transversal y analítico en 59 pacientes de 2-18 años, tratados entre 2007-21, en remisión y en seguimiento al menos un año. Se aplicó a niños y tutores la escala PedsQL(TM)4.0 que mide calidad de vida pediátrica en sus 4 dimensiones. Para estudiar diferencias se utilizaron pruebas no paramétricas (Kruskal-Wallis y de mediana) y paramétricas (Chi cuadrado). Aprobado por Comité de Ética Institucional.Resultados: La calidad de vida autopercibida por los pacientes fue media para la dimensión general y escolar (73,8 y 70), alta para salud física y social (83,1 y 80) y baja en la emocional (65). Respecto a la informada por padres, fue alta en la general, salud física y social (78, 87,5 y 80), y media en lo emocional y escolar (70 y 75). No hubo diferencia significativa entre género, etapa al diagnóstico, lateralidad ni tratamiento recibido. La edad al diagnóstico >18 meses se asoció a peor calidad de vida general y en todas las dimensiones, con significancia en los padres.Conclusiones: Los niños tratados por Rb vieron afectada su calidad de vida, siendo los más afectados el ámbito emocional y escolar.
Propiedades del Test de Aprendizaje y Desarrollo Infantil “TADI”, en el contexto de las políticas de validación de escalas para niños y niñas menores de 6 años en Chile y Latinoamérica
Authors: Schonhaut Berman Luisa , Edwards Marta , Pardo Marcela , Valdés Antonia
Published: August 2024

En Latinoamérica se han construido distintas escalas para la evaluación del Desarrollo Infantil Temprano (DIT), la mayoría de aplicación directa. En Chile, en los años 70-80 se crearon la Escala de Evaluación del Desarrollo Psicomotor (EEDP) y el Test de Desarrollo Psicomotor (TEPSI), utilizadas hasta la actualidad en distintos países hispanoparlantes, sin que hayan sido actualizadas ni revalidadas. En respuesta a la necesidad de contar con un nuevo instrumento construido en Chile para la evaluación del DIT a gran escala, entre los años 2009 y 2012 se construyó y estandarizó el Test de Aprendizaje y Desarrollo Infantil (TADI). Este fue actualizado y robustecido entre 2018 y 2023 como TADI-2.Objetivo: Describir los principales requerimientos metodológicos considerados en la construcción de un instrumento de medición en salud y, en ese contexto, analizar la validez del TADI-2.Desarrollo: Destaca el riguroso proceso de validación del TADI-2, cumpliendo con los estándares de selección de contenido, estandarización, confiabilidad, validez en distintos entornos socioculturales y étnicos, bajo costo, fácil aplicación y uso abierto. La sensibilidad para el puntaje global en los niños/ as de 4 y 5 años fue muy buena y, en los menores, moderada.Conclusiones: La evidencia recabada muestra que el TADI-2 puede ser implementado para el tamizaje del DIT a través de aplicación directa, de los niños/as menores de 6 años de Chile y resto del continente. Se recomienda continuar estudiando el instrumento en muestras más amplias para conocer la consistencia de los resultados en estudios complementarios y poblacionales.
A content and quality analysis of free, popular mHealth apps supporting ‘plant-based’ diets
Authors: Lee Jenn , Ahmed Mavra , Mouhaffel Rim , L’Abbé Mary R.
Published: August 2024

There has been an increased emphasis on plant-based foods and diets. Although mobile technology has the potential to be a convenient and innovative tool to help consumers adhere to dietary guidelines, little is known about the content and quality of free, popular mobile health (mHealth) plant-based diet apps. The objective of the study was to assess the content and quality of free, popular mHealth apps supporting plant-based diets for Canadians. Free mHealth apps with high user ratings, a high number of user ratings, available on both Apple App and GooglePlay stores, and primarily marketed to help users follow plant-based diet were included. Using pre-defined search terms, Apple App and GooglePlay App stores were searched on December 22, 2020; the top 100 returns for each search term were screened for eligibility. Included apps were downloaded and assessed for quality by three dietitians/nutrition research assistants using the Mobile App Rating Scale (MARS) and the App Quality Evaluation (AQEL) scale. Of the 998 apps screened, 16 apps (mean user ratings±SEM: 4.6±0.1) met the eligibility criteria, comprising 10 recipe managers and meal planners, 2 food scanners, 2 community builders, 1 restaurant identifier, and 1 sustainability assessor. All included apps targeted the general population and focused on changing behaviors using education (15 apps), skills training (9 apps), and/or goal setting (4 apps). Although MARS (scale: 1–5) revealed overall adequate app quality scores (3.8±0.1), domain-specific assessments revealed high functionality (4.0±0.1) and aesthetic (4.0±0.2), but low credibility scores (2.4±0.1). The AQEL (scale: 0–10) revealed overall low score in support of knowledge acquisition (4.5±0.4) and adequate scores in other nutrition-focused domains (6.1–7.6). Despite a variety of free plant-based apps available with different focuses to help Canadians follow plant-based diets, our findings suggest a need for increased credibility and additional resources to complement the low support of knowledge acquisition among currently available plant-based apps. This research received no specific grant from any funding agency. 
Examining the diet quality of Canadian adults and the alignment of Canadian front-of-pack labelling regulations with other front-of-pack labelling systems and dietary guidelines
Authors: Lee Jenn , Ahmed Mavra , Julia Chantal , Ng Alena , Paper Laura , Lou Wendy Y. , L’Abbé Mary R.
Published: August 2024

Introduction: Canada promulgated mandatory front-of-pack labelling (FOPL) regulations in 2022, requiring pre-packaged foods meeting and/or exceeding recommended thresholds for nutrients-of-concern (i.e., saturated fat, sodium, sugars) to display a “high-in” nutrition symbol. However, there is limited evidence on how Canadian FOPL (CAN-FOPL) regulations compare to other FOPL systems and dietary guidelines. Therefore, the objectives of the study were to examine the diet quality of Canadians using the CAN-FOPL dietary index system and its alignment with other FOPL systems and dietary guidelines.

Methods: Nationally representative dietary data from the 2015 Canadian Community Health Survey-Nutrition survey (n = 13,495) was assigned dietary index scores that underpin CAN-FOPL, Diabetes Canada Clinical Practice (DCCP) Guidelines, Nutri-score, Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) and Canada’s Food Guide (Healthy Eating Food Index-2019 [HEFI-2019]). Diet quality was examined by assessing linear trends of nutrient intakes across quintile groups of CAN-FOPL dietary index scores. The alignment of CAN-FOPL dietary index system compared with other dietary index systems, with HEFI as the reference standard, was examined using Pearson’s correlations and к statistics.

Results: The mean [95% CI] dietary index scores (range: 0–100) for CAN-FOPL, DCCP, Nutri-score, DASH, and HEFI-2019 were 73.0 [72.8, 73.2], 64.2 [64.0, 64.3], 54.9 [54.7, 55.1], 51.7 [51.4, 51.9], and 54.3 [54.1, 54.6], respectively. Moving from the “least healthy” to the “most healthy” quintile in the CAN-FOPL dietary index system, intakes of protein, fiber, vitamin A, vitamin C, and potassium increased, while intakes of energy, saturated fat, total and free sugars, and sodium decreased. CAN-FOPL showed moderate association with DCCP (r = 0.545, p < 0.001), Nutri-score (r = 0.444, p < 0.001),  and HEFI-2019 (r = 0.401, p < 0.001), but poor association with DASH (r = 0.242, p < 0.001). Slight to fair agreement was seen between quintile combinations of CAN-FOPL and all dietary index scores (к = 0.05–0.38).

Discussion: Our findings show that CAN-FOPL rates the dietary quality of Canadian adults to be healthier than other systems. The disagreement between CAN-FOPL with other systems suggest a need to provide additional guidance to help Canadians select and consume ‘healthier’ options among foods that would not display a front-of-pack nutrition symbol.
Nutrient intakes and top food categories contributing to intakes of energy and nutrients-of-concern consumed by Canadian adults that would require a ‘high-in’ front-of-pack symbol according to Canadian labelling regulations
Authors: Lee Jenn
Published: August 2024

Canada recently mandated front-of-pack (FOP) labelling regulations, where foods meeting and/or exceeding recommended thresholds for nutrients-of-concern (i.e., saturated fat, sodium, and sugars) must display a ‘high-in’ FOP nutrition symbol. However, there is limited research on the amounts and sources of foods consumed by Canadians that would require a FOP symbol. The objective was to examine the intakes of nutrients-of-concern from foods that would display a FOP symbol and to identify the top food categories contributing to intakes for each nutrient-of-concern. Using the first day 24-hour dietary recall from the nationally representative 2015 Canadian Community Health Survey-Nutrition (CCHS), Canadian adults’ intakes of nutrients-of-concern from foods that would display a FOP symbol was examined. Foods were assigned to 1 of 62 categories to identify the top food categories contributing to intakes of energy and nutrient-of-concern that would display a FOP symbol for each nutrient-of-concern. Canadian adults (n = 13,495) consumed approximately 24% of total calories from foods that would display a FOP symbol. Foods that would display a FOP symbol for exceeding thresholds for nutrients-of-concern accounted for 16% of saturated fat, 30% of sodium, 25% of total sugar, and 39% of free sugar intakes among Canadian adults. The top food category contributing intakes of each nutrient-of-concern that would display a FOP symbol were nutrient-specific: Processed meat and meat substitutes for saturated fat; Breads for sodium; and Fruit juices & drinks for total and free sugars. Our findings show that Canadian FOP labelling regulations have the potential to influence the intakes of nutrients-of-concern for Canadian adults. Using the findings as baseline data, future studies are warranted to evaluate the impact of FOP labelling regulations. 
Estimating the dietary and health impact of implementing front-of-pack nutrition labeling in Canada: A macrosimulation modeling study
Authors: Flexner Nadia , Ng Alena , Ahmed Mavra , Khandpur Neha , Acton Rachel B. , Lee Jenn , L’Abbé Mary R.
Published: August 2024

Background: Front-of-pack labeling (FOPL) has been identified as a cost-effective policy to promote healthy diets. Health Canada has recently published FOPL regulations that will require food and beverages that meet or exceed set thresholds for sodium, sugars, or saturated fat to display a 'high in' symbol on the front of the package. Although a promising measure, its potential impact on dietary intakes and health have not yet been estimated in Canada.

Objective: This study aims to estimate (1) the potential dietary impact of implementing a mandatory FOPL among Canadian adults; and (2) the number of diet-related non-communicable disease (NCD) deaths that could be averted or delayed due to these estimated dietary changes.

Methods: Baseline and counterfactual usual intakes of sodium, total sugars, saturated fats, and calories were estimated among Canadian adults (n = 11,992) using both available days of 24 h recalls from the 2015 Canadian Community Health Survey-Nutrition. The National Cancer Institute method was used to estimate usual intakes, and adjusted for age, sex, misreporting status, weekend/weekday, and sequence of recall. Estimated counterfactual dietary intakes were modeled from reductions observed in experimental and observational studies that examined changes in sodium, sugars, saturated fat, and calorie content of food purchases in the presence of a 'high in' FOPL (four counterfactual scenarios). The Preventable Risk Integrated ModEl was used to estimate potential health impacts.

Results: Estimated mean dietary reductions were between 31 and 212 mg/day of sodium, 2.3 and 8.7 g/day of total sugars, 0.8 and 3.7 g/day of saturated fats, and 16 and 59 kcal/day of calories. Between 2,183 (95% UI 2,008-2,361) and 8,907 (95% UI 8,095-9,667) deaths due to diet-related NCDs, mostly from cardiovascular diseases (~70%), could potentially be averted or delayed by implementing a 'high in' FOPL in Canada. This estimation represents between 2.4 and 9.6% of the total number of diet-related NCD deaths in Canada.

Conclusion: Results suggest that implementing a FOPL could significantly reduce sodium, total sugar, and saturated fat intakes among Canadian adults and subsequently prevent or postpone a substantial number of diet-related NCD deaths in Canada. These results provide critical evidence to inform policy decisions related to implementing FOPL in Canada.
Food Insecurity, Dietary Intakes, and Eating Behaviors in a Convenience Sample of Toronto Youth
Authors: Dubelt-Moroz Alexandra , Warner Marika , Heal Bryan , Khalesi Saman , Wegener Jessica , de Zepetnek Julia Totosy , Lee Jenn , Polecrone Taylor , El-Sarraj Jasmin , Holmgren Emelie , Bellissimo Nick
Published: August 2024

Background: Food insecurity has been shown to be associated with poor dietary quality and eating behaviors, which can have both short- and long-term adverse health outcomes in children. The objective was to investigate the food security status, dietary intakes, and eating behaviors in a convenience sample of youth participating in the Maple Leaf Sports Entertainment LaunchPad programming in downtown Toronto, Ontario.

Methods: Youth aged 9-18 years were recruited to participate in the study. Food security status, dietary intakes, and eating behaviors were collected using parent- or self-reported questionnaires online.

Results: Sixty-six youth (mean ± SD: 11.7 ± 1.9 years) participated in the study. The prevalence of household food insecurity was higher than the national average with at least one child under 18 years of age (27.7% vs. 16.2%). Dietary intake patterns were similar to the national trends with low intakes of fiber, inadequate intakes of calcium and vitamin D; and excess intakes of sodium, added sugar, and saturated fat. Despite a low prevalence of poor eating habits, distracted eating was the most frequently reported poor eating habit.

Conclusions: Although youth were at high risk for experiencing household food insecurity, inadequate dietary intake patterns were similar to the national trends. Our findings can be used to develop future programming to facilitate healthy dietary behaviors appropriate for the target community.
Development of the Food Label Information Program: A Comprehensive Canadian Branded Food Composition Database
Authors: Ahmed Mavra , Schermel Alyssa , Lee Jenn , Weippert Madyson , Franco-Arellano Beatriz , L’Abbé Mary R.
Published: August 2024

Objectives: Traditional methods for creating food composition databases struggle to cope with the large number of products and the rapid pace of turnover in the food supply. This paper introduces Food Label Information Program (FLIP), a big data approach to the evaluation of the Canadian food supply and presents the latest methods used in the development of this database.

Methods: The Food Label Information Program (FLIP) is a database of Canadian food and beverage package labels by brand name. The latest iteration of the FLIP, FLIP 2020, was developed using website "scraping" to collect food labeling information (e.g., nutritional composition, price, product images, ingredients, brand, etc.) on all foods and beverages available on seven major Canadian e-grocery retailer websites between May 2020 and February 2021.

Results: The University of Toronto's Food Label Information Program (FLIP) 2020 was developed in three phases: Phase 1, database development and enhancements; Phase 2, data capture and management of food products and nutrition information; Phase 3, data processing and food categorizing. A total of 74,445 products available on websites of seven retailers and 2 location-specific duplicate retailers were collected for FLIP 2020. Of 57,006 food and beverage products available on seven retailers, nutritional composition data were available for about 60% of the products and ingredients were available for about 45%. Data for energy, protein, carbohydrate, fat, sugar, sodium and saturated fat were present for 54-65% of the products, while fiber information was available for 37%. Food products were classified under multiple categorization systems, including Health Canada's Table of Reference Amounts, Health Canada's sodium categories for guiding benchmark sodium levels, sugar-focused categories and categories specific to various global nutrient profiling models.

Conclusions: FLIP is a powerful tool for evaluating and monitoring the Canadian food supply environment. The comprehensive sampling and granularity of collection provides power for revealing analyses of the relationship between nutritional quality and marketing of branded foods, timely observation of product reformulation and other changes to the Canadian food supply.
The Availability and Quality of Food Labelling Components in the Canadian E-Grocery Retail Environment
Authors: Lee Jenn , Ahmed Mavra , Zhang Tianyi , Weippert Madyson , Schermel Alyssa , L’Abbé Mary R.
Published: August 2024

Background: Although packaged foods sold in retail stores must follow food labelling regulations, there are no e-grocery food labelling regulations to mandate and standardize the availability and presentation of product information. Therefore, the objective of the study was to evaluate the availability and quality of food labelling components in the Canadian e-grocery retail environment.

Methods: A sample of fresh and pre-packaged products was identified on eight leading grocery retail websites in Canada, to assess the availability and quality of food labelling components.

Results: Out of 555 product searches, all products were accompanied by product images with front-of-pack images more readily available (96.0%) than back-of-pack (12.4%) and other side panel images (3.1%). The following mandatory nutrition information was available for 61.1% of the products: nutrition facts table (68.8%), ingredient (73.9%), and allergen (53.8%) information. The majority of the nutrition information was available after scrolling down, clicking additionally on the description page, or viewing only as an image. Date markings were not available; packaging material information was available for 2.0% of the products.

Conclusions: There was wide variability and inconsistencies in the presentation of food labelling components in the e-grocery retail environment, which can be barriers in enabling Canadians to make informed purchasing decisions.
Test-retest reliability and validity of body composition methods in adults
Authors: O. Totosy de Zepetnek Julia , Lee Jenn , Boateng Terence , Plastina Stephanie , Cleary Shane , Huang Liuye , Kucab Michaela , Paterakis Stella , Brett Neil R. , Bellissimo Nick
Published: August 2024

Cost-effective and efficient body composition measurement devices that are reliable and valid are necessary for identifying health risk as well as for understanding the effectiveness of lifestyle interventions. The objective of this study was to evaluate the test-retest reliability and validity of three body composition measurement devices. Forty-nine adults (mean age (SD) = 31.5 (10.7) y; BMI = 23.5 (3.0) kg/m2 ) completed a reference air displacement plethysmography (ADP) measure, and duplicate measures using skinfold callipers (Lange), ultrasound (BodyMetrix A-mode) and a 3-dimensional photonic scanner (3DPS; Fit3D ProScanner). Skinfold thickness was measured at seven sites using callipers and ultrasound; percent body fat (�) was then estimated using population-specific algorithms. The 3DPS was used to measure body circumferences, and then � was estimated using its beta-software. While skinfold callipers showed poor absolute reliability (mean differences (Δ) [95% CI] = 0.54% [0.22, 0.87], standard error of measurement (SEM) = 0.63%), ultrasound and the 3DPS showed excellent absolute (Δ = 0.17% [-0.25, 0.58], SEM = 0.78%; and Δ = -0.01% [-0.43, 0.40], SEM = 0.67%, respectively) and relative reliability (ICC2,1 = 0.988 [0.979, 0.993]; and ICC2,1 = 0.983 [0.968, 0.991], respectively). Compared to ADP (n = 43), skinfold callipers underestimated � (Δ = -4.53 [-7.72, -1.34]; p = 0.003), while ultrasound (Δ = -0.32 [-3.51, 2.87]; p = 0.99) and the 3DPS (Δ = 1.06 [-2.12. 4.26]; p = 0.77) were not significantly different. Bland-Altman plots showed a minimal bias of ultrasound [95% limit of agreement (LOA) = -7.87, 7.23] and the 3DPS [95% LOA = -6.66, 8.79]. In conclusion, estimating � from subcutaneous fat measurements using ultrasound and body circumferences using a 3DPS may be reliable and valid methods that require minimal technician expertise. 