bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Spintronic devices based on topological and two-dimensional materials
Authors: Jiang Long-Xing , Li Qing-Chao , Zhang Xu , Li Jing-Feng , Zhang Jing , Chen Zu-Xin , Zeng Min , Wu Hao ,   School of Semiconductor Science and Technology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China,   Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan 523808, China,   School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
Published: October 2023

Novel quantum materials such as topological materials, two-dimensional materials, create new opportunities for the spintronic devices. These materials can improve the charge-spin conversion efficiency, provide high-quality interface, and enhance the energy efficiency for spintronic devices. In addition, they have rich interactions and coupling effects, which provides a perfect platform for finding new physics and novel methods to control the spintronic properties. Many inspiring results have been reported regarding the research on topological materials and two-dimensional materials, especially the layered topological and two-dimensional magnetic materials, and their heterostructures. This paper reviews the recent achievements of these novel quantum materials on spintronic applications. Firstly the breakthroughs that topological materials have been made in spin-orbit torque devices is introduced, then two-dimensional magnetic materials and their performances in spintronic devices are presented, finally the research progress of topological materials/two-dimensional magnetic materials heterostructures is discussed. This review can help to get a comprehensive understanding of the development of these novel quantum materials in the field of spintronics and inspire new ideas of research on these novel materials.
Evaluation of surface-based hippocampal registration using ground-truth subfield definitions
Authors: DeKraker Jordan , Palomero-Gallagher Nicola , Kedo Olga , Ladbon-Bernasconi Neda , Muenzing Sascha E.A. , Axer Markus , Amunts Katrin , Khan Ali R. , Bernhardt Boris , Evans Alan C.
Published: October 2023

The hippocampus is an archicortical structure, consisting of subfields with unique circuits. Understanding its microstructure, as proxied by these subfields, can improve our mechanistic understanding of learning and memory and has clinical potential for several neurological disorders. One prominent issue is how to parcellate, register, or retrieve homologous points between two hippocampi with grossly different morphologies. Here, we present a surface-based registration method that solves this issue in a contrast-agnostic, topology-preserving manner. Specifically, the entire hippocampus is first analytically unfolded, and then samples are registered in 2D unfolded space based on thickness, curvature, and gyrification. We demonstrate this method in seven 3D histology samples and show superior alignment with respect to subfields using this method over more conventional registration approaches.Hippocampal subfields contain microcircuits that are critical for memory and vulnerable to neurological disease.Hippocampi have variable folding patterns between individuals, making them hard to register or parcellate.We present a surface-based hippocampal registration method that is analogous to neocortical inflation to a sphere and registration.Testing in seven detailed 3D histology samples revealed successful registration with respect to hippocampal subfields, and outperformed more conventional methods.This method provides groundwork for detailed multimodal hippocampal mapping across subjects and datasets in the future.The methodological advancements described here are made easily accessible in the latest version of open source software HippUnfold
1
. Code used in the development and testing of these methods, as well as preprocessed images, manual segmentations, and results, are openly available
2
.
Neural spiking signatures predict behavioral phenotypes of cerebellar movement disorders
Authors: van der Heijden Meike E. , Brown Amanda M. , Kizek Dominic J. , Sillitoe Roy V.
Published: October 2023

The cerebellum contributes to a diverse array of motor conditions including ataxia, dystonia, and tremor. The neural substrates that encode this diversity are unclear. Here, we tested whether the neural spike activity of cerebellar output neurons predicts the phenotypic presentation of cerebellar pathophysiology. Using
in vivo
awake recordings as input data, we trained a supervised classifier model to differentiate the spike parameters between mouse models for ataxia, dystonia, and tremor. The classifier model correctly predicted mouse phenotypes based on single neuron signatures. Spike signatures were shared across etiologically distinct but phenotypically similar disease models. Mimicking these pathophysiological spike signatures with optogenetics induced the predicted motor impairments in otherwise healthy mice. These data show that distinct spike signatures promote the behavioral presentation of cerebellar diseases.
Identification of a novel intermittent hypoxia-related prognostic lncRNA signature and the ceRNA of lncRNA GSEC/miR-873-3p/EGLN3 regulatory axis in lung adenocarcinoma
Authors: Liu Peijun , Zhou Long , Chen Hao , He Yang , Li Guangcai , Hu Ke
Published: October 2023

Background

Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is still the most prevalent type of respiratory cancer. Intermittent hypoxia can increase the mortality and morbidity associated with lung cancer. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are crucial in lung adenocarcinoma. However, the effects of intermittent hypoxia-related long non-coding RNAs (IHRLs) on lung adenocarcinoma are still unknown.

Method

In the current research, eight IHRLs were selected to create a prognostic model. The risk score of the prognostic model was evaluated using multivariate and univariate analyses, and its accuracy and reliability were validated using a nomogram and ROC. Additionally, we investigated the relationships between IHRLs and the immune microenvironment.

Result

Our analysis identified GSEC, AC099850.3, and AL391001.1 as risk lncRNAs, while AC010615.2, AC010654.1, AL513550.1, LINC00996, and LINC01150 were categorized as protective lncRNAs. We observed variances in the expression of seven immune cells and 15 immune-correlated pathways between the two risk groups. Furthermore, our results confirmed the ceRNA network associated with the intermittent hypoxia-related lncRNA GSEC/miR-873-3p/EGLN3 regulatory pathway. GSEC showed pronounced expression in lung adenocarcinoma tissues and specific cell lines, and its inhibition resulted in reduced proliferation and migration in A549 and PC9 cells. Intriguingly, GSEC manifested oncogenic properties by sponging miR-873-3p and demonstrated a tendency to modulate EGLN3 expression favorably.

Conclusion

GSEC acts as an oncogenic lncRNA by interacting with miR-873-3p, modulating EGLN3 expression. This observation underscores the potential of GSEC as a diagnostic and therapeutic target for LUAD.
The discourse of the right of access to water in the committees of the watersheds of the Piracicaba, Capivari and Jundiaí rivers
Authors: Siqueira Guilherme , Mariosa Duarcides Ferreira , Falsarella Orandi Mina , Conti Diego de Melo , Garcia Ruben Danilo Bourdon , Villamizar Saudhy Anais Miranda
Published: October 2023

This study questions whether the availability of water, despite being a fundamental condition for the survival and maintenance of human life, presents specificities in its management that end up disproportionately affecting those who, in some way, are linked to vulnerable, unprotected or disadvantaged social strata of society. Through content analysis of the reports and minutes of the meetings of the Technical Planning Chamber of the Piracicaba, Capivari and Jundiaí River Basin Committees, an attempt was made to assess the extent to which the population at risk of scarcity and social, territorial, political, or economic vulnerability can have their right of access to water guaranteed. It was verified that the reports analyzed do not mention the universal right of access to water, nor its implementation or the promotion of specific policies for this purpose. Based on the results of the analysis carried out, it is suggested that the collection of data and information relevant to the topic should be included in the discussion and highlighted in the proposal of policies and actions for strategic planning to ensure the comprehensiveness and expansion of access to water for a fraction of the population that has not yet been satisfactorily and adequately reached by this benefit.
Investigation of the relationship between emotional intelligence and psychological resilience in female football players
Authors: Ayılgan Ercan , Özsoy Damla , Yıldız Yeliz Ay , Şahin İbrahim
Published: October 2023

In the study, it was aimed to investigate the relationship between emotional intelligence and psychological resilience levels of female football players. The sample of the research consists of 276 female football players selected by convenience sampling method. As a data collection tool, the "Emotional Intelligence Trait Scale (TE1Qqu-SF) Short Form" scale and the "Short Psychological Resilience Scale" were adapted and used in the last part. The data that obtained from female football players were analyzed statistically with the SPSS package program. The statistical information of the participants was evaluated by using the descriptive survey method in the study. First of all, validity and reliability analyzes were performed by looking at the Cronbach Alpha values of the scales. Skewness and kurtosis values were evaluated statistically by Normal Distribution test analysis. After examining the skewness and kurtosis values of the study group, the hypotheses of socio-demographic variables were tested and correlation analysis was performed. As a result, while no significant difference was found in female football players according to marital status and athlete's age, it was found that there was a positive relationship between emotional intelligence and psychological resilience.
Investigation of the Effects of Parental Attitudes on Value Perceptions of 60-72 Months-old Children Who Attend Preschool Education and Not Pre-School Education
Authors: ÖZKAN Betül , DAĞAL Asude BALABAN
Published: October 2023

Bütün toplumlar varlıklarını devam ettirebilmek için geçmişten gelen milli değerleri ile toplumlarca kabul edilebilen evrensel değerleri yeni nesle aktarım yapmak istemektedirler. Eğitimin toplumsal sorumluluğunu ifade eden değerleri
benimseyen bireyler yetiştirmek toplumun, okulun ve ailenin en önemli vazifelerinden biridir. Eğitim, bireylere sadece akademik bilgiler kazandırmakla kalmaz, aynı zamanda toplumsal değerleri, kültürel mirası ve insan haklarını
da öğretmelidir. Eğitim, sadece bireylerin kişisel başarısı için değil, aynı zamanda bir toplumun ilerlemesi ve bir arada yaşamanın temelini oluşturur. Araştırmanın temel amacı okul öncesi eğitim kurumlarına devam eden ve etmeyen
60-72 aylık çocukların değer algılarına ebeveyn tutumlarının etkisinin incelenmesidir. Araştırmanın örneklemini 2019-2020 yılında okul öncesi eğitim kurumlarına devam eden ve etmeyen 60-72 aylık 234 çocuk ve ebeveyn oluşturmaktadır.
Araştırmada demografik bilgileri toplamak için “Kişisel Bilgi Formu”, çocukların değer algılarını ölçmek için “Okul Öncesi Değerler Ölçeği Aile Formu” ve ebeveyn tutumlarını ölçmek için “Ebeveyn Tutum Ölçeği” kullanılmıştır. Araştırma
verileri istatistiksel paket programı kullanılarak analiz edilmiştir. Verilerin analizinde, Bağımsız Gruplar t Testi, Tek yönlü Varyans Analizi (ANOVA) ve Pearson Korelasyon Analizi kullanılmıştır. Araştırma sonucunda, ebeveyn
tutumları ile değer algıları arasındaki ilişki incelendiğinde istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir farklılığın olduğu görülmüştür. Bu ilişkinin düşük düzeyde ve pozitif yönlü olduğu görülmüştür. Ebeveyn tutumlarındaki olumlu eğilimin
değer algılarını da arttırdığı sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.
Examination of Sixth Grade Students' Concept Images Regarding the Definition and Classification of Triangles
Authors: Nisa KAHRAMAN Nur , AYTEKİN Cahit
Published: October 2023

Araştırmanın amacı; ilköğretim 6.Sınıf öğrencilerinin geometride karşılaştıkları zorlukları giderebilmek için bilginin temel kaynağı olan zihindeki kavramlara yönelip, öğrencilerin zihinlerinde oluşan üçgenler konusunu öğrenme ve sınıflandırabilme
şekillerini ayrıntılı tespit edebilmektir. Araştırmanın amacına uygun gerçekleşebilmesi için nitel araştırma türlerinden olan durum çalışması kullanılmıştır. Araştırmanın örneklemini Hatay’ın Kırıkhan ilçesine bağlı bir devlet
okulunda öğrenim gören 6. Sınıf öğrencileri arasından seçilen 9 öğrenci oluşturmaktadır. Bu öğrenciler araştırmada maksimum çeşitlilik sağlanabilmesi için başarı düzeylerine göre 3 başarılı, 3 orta, 3 zayıf öğrenci olacak şekilde
seçilmiştir. Öğrencilerin üçgenin tanımına ve sınıflandırılmasına yönelik kavram imajlarını incelemek için araştırmacı tarafından uzman görüşleri doğrultusunda yarı yapılandırılmış görüşme formu hazırlanmıştır. Formdaki sorular
“Şekilsel Kavram Teorisi” çerçevesi (Fischbein, 1993) dikkate alınarak hazırlanmıştır. Görüşmeler 9 öğrenci ile farklı zamanlarda gerçekleştirilmiştir. Elde edilen veriler nitel araştırmaya uygun olacak şekilde içerik analizi yöntemi
kullanılarak değerlendirilmiştir. Öğrenci cevapları araştırmaya uygun olacak biçimde kategorilere ayrılmış ve bu kategoriler uzman görüşleri doğrultusunda oluşturulmuştur. Araştırma sonucunda, öğrencilerin üçgeni tanımlarken ve
sınıflandırırken kavram imajlarının baskın olduğu görülmüştür. Öğrenciler üçgen çizerken genellikle prototip örnekleri kullanmıştır. Öğrencilerin üçgene yönelik kavram imajlarının zenginleşebilmesi için ders kitaplarında ve sınıf
içi etkinliklerde kullanılan diğer materyallerde prototip örnekler verilmemelidir. Öğrencilerin kavramları çeşitli örneklerle öğrenmesi sağlanmalıdır. Öğrencilerin üçgen çeşitlerini çizerken cetvel ve açıölçer kullanmadıkları gözlemlenmiştir.
Bazı öğrencilerin kavram imajı ile kavram tanımları arasında ilişki olmadığı görülmüştür. Elde edilen bulgular ve sonuçlar doğrultusunda araştırmacılara yönelik öneriler verilmiştir.
Exploring the Connection Between Social Studies Lesson and Mathematics Lesson on the Concept of Association
Authors: İLGÜN Şükrü , DAĞAŞAN Adem , ASLAN Hasan
Published: October 2023

Bu araştırmanın amacı ilişkilendirme kavramı üzerinden sosyal bilgiler dersi ile matematik dersi arasındaki bağlantıyı ortaya koymaktır. Bu araştırma, nitel araştırma yöntemi ile durum çalışması şeklinde yürütülmüştür. Araştırma Kafkas
Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Sosyal Bilgiler Eğitimi Bilim Dalında lisansüstü düzeyde öğrenim görmekte olan yirmi iki yüksek lisans öğrencisi ile yapılmıştır. Çalışmada, araştırmacılar ile çalışma grubunun aynı fiziksel
ortamda bulunmaları, katılımcılara kolay ulaşabilmesi ve katılımcıların araştırmaya gönüllü olarak katkı sunmalarından dolayı örnekleme yöntemlerinden uygun örneklem kullanılmıştır. Veri toplama aracı olarak araştırmacılar tarafından
daha önceden hazırlanmış olan yarı yapılandırılmış görüşme formu kullanılmış ve görüşme formundan elde veriler içerik analizine tabi tutularak frekans değerleri ile birlikte tablolar şeklinde araştırmanın bulgular kısmında sunulmuştur.
Araştırmadan elde verilerden ulaşılan sonuçlara göre, öğrencilerin ilişkilendirmeyi başka derslerin içeriğini öğrenme, başka dersler ile ilgili kültürlenme sağlama ve başka derslerden faydalanarak ana dersi kendileri için anlaşılır
ve kolay kılmak olarak düşündüğü görülmüştür. Ayrıca öğrenciler, matematik ve sosyal bilgiler dersi arasında karşılaştırma yaparken en fazla grafik, tablo ve harita çizme şeklinde ifadelere yer vermişlerdir. Yine tüm toplum bireylerinin
eğitim öğretim hayatında matematik önemli bir yer işgal ettiğinden ve sürekli toplumda konuşulduğundan ezber haline gelmiş matematik kavramlarının fazlaca yanıtlarda yer aldığı fark edilmektedir. Öğrencilerin matematiğe karşı oluşan
tutumlarında çevrelerinden onlara yöneltilen matematik zor ders, herkes yapamaz, iş bulur, matematik öğretmeni olmak iyidir, matematik iyi ise başarılısın şeklinde görüşler belirtmişlerdir. Ortaöğretim sürecinde sözel alan tercih
etmelerinde matematiğin etkisinin olup olmadığına yönelik ise araştırmaya katılan öğrencilerin yarıdan fazlasının eğitim hayatlarını yönlendirmede matematiğin etkisinin olmadığını dile getirmişlerdir
A Research on the Clearability of Definitions in Scientific Research Books in Turkish
Authors: EKŞİ Sibel , DEMİRKOL Rabia
Published: October 2023

Bu çalışmada, bilimsel araştırma kitaplarında yer alan tariflerin Türkçede anlaşılabilirliğini tespit etmek amaçlanmıştır. Bir kavramın tarifini yapmak ve bunu yaparken usûlden ayrılmamak, bilhassa bilimsel araştırmada büyük bir önem
arz etmektedir. Usûlsüz tarif, suni bir anlatıma ve terim karmaşasına neden olmaktadır. Bu durum, özellikle de yabancı dillerden Türkçeye geçen bazı terimlerde sıklıkla göze çarpmaktadır. Yabancı dil kaynaklı terimlerin birçoğu,
Öz Türkçeleştirilme uğruna çeşitli şekillerde ele alınmakta, dolayısıyla literatürde tarifler konusunda bir anlaşılmazlık ortaya çıkmaktadır. Bu amaçla çalışma kapsamında 32 adet bilimsel araştırma yöntemleri kitabı incelenmiş
ve tariflerin Türkçede anlaşılabilirlik düzeyleri ele alınmıştır. Çalışmada doküman incelemesi tekniği kullanılmıştır. Çalışma kapsamında seçilen bilimsel araştırma terimleri problem cümlesi, hipotez, yöntem, güvenirlik, araştırma
deseni/modeli, sınırlılık ve korelasyonel araştırma ile sınırlı tutulmuştur. Örneklemin bu terimlerle sınırlı tutulmasının sebebi, seçilen terimlerin bilimsel araştırma basamaklarında en çok kullanılan kavramlar olmasıdır. Çalışma
sonucunda araştırmacıların terim karmaşası yaşadığı, bilimsel araştırma terimlerini farklı isimlerle ele aldığı ve bunun neticesinde ortak bir anlayışın oluşmadığı, ayrıca bilhassa Batı dillerinden yapılan tarif çevirilerinde çeşitli
dil bilgisi hataları olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Bunlara ek olarak tariflerde yapılan en büyük hatalardan birinin, bir bilinmeyeni başka bir bilinmeyenle açıklamak olduğu saptanmıştır. Bu durum, muayyen bir kavramın tarifini öğrenmek
isteyen bir kimsenin tarif içerisinde başka bilinmeyenlerle karşılaşmasına sebep olmaktadır. Tariflerde yapılan bu hatalar, anlaşılabilirliği olumsuz yönde etkilemektedir. Araştırmada, tarifler konusunda ortak bir anlayış oluşturulması
için çalıştaylar düzenlenmesi ve sözlük bilimi konusunda yapılan araştırma sayısının artırılması önerilmiştir.
John Wilson’s Views on Moral Education
Authors: ULUAĞAÇ Yetgin , CEYLAN Yusuf
Published: October 2023

Eğitim felsefesi din, siyaset veya ahlak felsefesi gibi genel felsefe içerisindeki alt bir dalı oluşturan ve diğer felsefe alanlarına göre gelişim süreci nispeten yeni olan bir disiplindir. Bu makalede, bir eğitim felsefecisi olan
John Boyd Wilson’ın ahlak eğitimi ile ilgili görüşleri betimsel doküman analizi yöntemi kullanılarak incelenmiştir. Wilson, analitik eğitim felsefesi geleneğine mensup bir eğitim felsefecisidir. Analitik eğitim felsefesi, klasik
eğitim felsefesinden sonra özellikle 19. yüzyılda felsefede yaşanan radikal değişim sonucu ortaya çıkan analitik felsefenin etkisinde gelişmiş ve eğitim felsefesi alanında baskın konuma yükselmiş bir eğitim felsefesi geleneğidir.
Felsefi bir yöntem olarak analiz faaliyetlerini eğitim problemlerine uygulayarak, eğitim ve onunla bağlantılı diğer kavramları çözümleme yoluna giden analitik eğitim felsefecileri, söz konusu yöntemi kullanarak eğitimde teori ve
pratik arasındaki ilişkiyi tutarlı bir zemine oturtmaya çalışmışlardır. Wilson da eğitim felsefesinin en temel görevinin kavramsal netliğin oluşturulması olduğunu savunmuş ve böylece eğitim ve onunla ilgili terimlerin analizine
öncelik vermiştir. Buradan hareketle Wilson, eğitimin üç kriteri çerçevesinde bir ahlak eğitimi anlayışı benimsemiştir. Ahlak alanındaki biçim ve içerik tartışmasında konumunu biçim merkezli bir ahlak anlayışıyla netleştiren Wilson,
ahlak eğitimini öğrencilere ahlaki alanlardaki problemlere doğru cevapları aktarma ve bunları benimsetmekten ziyade, ahlaki ilke ve prosedürleri kazandırma süreci olarak görür. Wilson ahlak eğitimine yaklaşımını birtakım kelimelerin
kısaltmalarından oluşturduğu ahlak bileşenleri ile somutlaştırmış ve ahlak eğitiminin en temel amacının söz konusu bileşenleri öğrencilere kazandırmak olduğunu savunmuştur.
Co-existence of Nodular Hyperplasia and Papillary Carcinoma Thyroid in a Case of Struma Ovarii: A Rare Occurrence
Authors: Chakraborty Shivam , Das Chhanda , Sinha Joyita , Sinha Mamata Guha Mallick
Published: October 2023

Struma ovarii is a monodermal ovarian teratoma. This is an ovarian germ cell tumour with more than 50% ovarian tissue. It is a rare tumour, accounting for only 3-5% of all ovarian teratomas. Malignant transformation occurs very rarely, only in about 0.3% cases. The authors report a case of struma ovarii with a malignant transformation to papillary carcinoma thyroid. Not much information is present in the literature about this rare entity. Due to the rarity of this condition, there is a lack of uniformity of histological criteria of malignancy and its management is not universally accepted by physicians. Here, the authors present a rare case of struma ovarii with malignant transformation to papillary carcinoma thyroid. A 62-year-old female presented with a left ovarian mass. On histopathological examination of the surgical specimen of hysterectomy it was found that the ovary had a neoplastic growth with morphological features of papillary carcinoma thyroid. The final diagnosis was struma ovarii with papillary thyroid carcinoma. Postoperative period was uneventful for the patient. However, follow-up was not done.
Smallholder Farmers’ Perception of Climate Risks at Municipality Level in South Africa
Authors: Zuma-Netshiukhwi G.  , Mathye M. C.  , Padi N. A.  , Khiba M. D.  , Seepamore M. K.
Published: October 2023

High dependence on rain-fed agriculture impose smallholder farmers to a plethora of climate risks which are detrimental to agroecosystems and socio-economic status. Assessment of the impact of climate variability and change at farm level is key to developing suitable agro-advisories toward mitigating climate risks. Smallholder farmers in the semi-arid areas of South Africa are most vulnerable to heightened sensitivity to extreme weather events and inadequate exposure to adaptive capacity. The increasing pressures brought in by weather events, soil degradation, loss of biodiversity, increasing population is threatening food security and sustainable livelihoods.  The study conducted a reconnaissance review with smallholder farmers from selected local municipalities in KwaZulu-Natal and Free State provinces. The purpose for this analysis was to determine local climate related challenges, gaps, shocks and barriers.  The survey further, identified agricultural practices, climate risks, access to climate related advisories, access to other scientific knowledge and factors hindering sustainability, stability, and profitability. We further discussed the importance of drought in situ monitoring since drought was identified as the measure limiting factor to agricultural productivity. The existing challenge on the dissemination of scientific knowledge and the accessibility of agrometeorological application knowledge to smallholder farmers. Thus overcoming the constraints limiting the adoption of climate smart agriculture, weather and climate use, and minimise climatic risks and improve smallholder agricultural production.
Effect of Nitrogen Fertilizers Applied through Nano Clay Polymer Composites on Nitrogen Use Efficiency of Rice
Authors: Rakshitha K. R. , Chobhe Kapil Atmaram , Dandapani R. , Sahoo R. N. , Kumar Anil , Saini Ravi , Manjaiah K. M.
Published: October 2023

Nitrogen (N) is an essential nutrient for crop growth. However, excessive nitrogen fertilizer application leads to environmental losses. In this study, an attempt was made to reduce the nitrogen losses by loading of urea and urea ammonium nitrate (UAN) into Nano clay polymer composites (NCPCs) to act as slow release N fertilizers. To achieve the objectives of the present study, five N fertilizer treatments (T1-control, T2- N applied through urea, T3- N applied through UAN, T4- N applied through NCPC loaded with urea and T5- N applied through NCPC loaded with UAN) were assessed using three rice genotypes namely IR-64, Nagina 22 and MTU 1010. Results of the greenhouse study indicated that the UAN loaded NCPC treatment was more effective in terms of increasing the grain yield, nitrogen uptake, agronomic use efficiency and apparent nitrogen recovery by 36.9%, 51.0%, 64.2%, and 92.0% over urea, respectively. Amongst the genotypes, MTU 1010 was recorded with highest gran yield followed by IR-64 and Nagina-22.
Influence of Different Fertility Levels on Growth and Quality of Pearl millet in Mid Hills of Himachal Pradesh, India
Authors: Priyanka  , Bochalya Ranjeet Singh , Choudhary Kartikeya
Published: October 2023

The present study was conducted at Shoolini University, Solan during the kharif season 2022 to evaluate the influence of Different Fertility Levels on Growth and Quality of Pearl millet in Mid Hills of Himachal Pradesh. The soil of the experimental site was fertile with uniform sandy loam texture, medium in N and K but high in phosphorus availability. The experiment  was laid out in RBD comprising of ten treatments (T1) Control, (T2) 100% RDF, (T3) 120% RDF, (T4) 50% RDF + FYM @ 10 t ha-1, (T5) 75% RDF + FYM @ 5 t ha-1), (T6) 100% RDF + FYM @ 5 t ha-1, (T7) 50% RDF + Vermicompost @ 2.5 t ha-1, (T8) 75% RDF + Vermicompost @ 2.5 t ha-1, (T9) 100% RDF + Vermicompost @ 2.5 t ha-1 and (T10) 75% RDF + FYM @ 5 t ha-1 + Vermicompost @ 2.5 t ha-1 and and replicated thrice. Pearl millet cultivar PHB-2884 was sown at spacing of 45 × 15 cm with the seed rate of 4 Kg ha-1. Plant population, plant height, nitrogen content & uptake and protein yield were recorded significantly higher with application of (T3) 120% RDF which was statistically at par with (T9) 100% RDF + Vermicompost @ 2.5 t ha-1, (T6) 100% RDF + FYM @ 5 t ha-1 and (T2) 100% RDF. However, least values of these characters were recorded under (T1) control treatment. Findings can be concluded as the significantly higher Growth,  and  quality produce by pearl millet were observed with application of (T3) 120% RDF and was at par with (T2) 100% RDF, (T9) 100% RDF + Vermicompost @ 2.5 t ha-1 and (T6) 100% RDF + FYM @ 5 t ha-1 over rest of the treatments. Thus, application of (T3) 120% RDF was found to be most promising treatment in enhancing the growth and quality of pearl millet.
Assessing the Livelihood Vulnerability to Impact of Climate Change in Western Bhutan
Authors: Wangmo Sonam , Dorji Ugyen , Dorji Nedup
Published: October 2023

Climate change possesses vagaries threats to the subsequent livelihood of the people in Bhutan and it is crucial to enhance adaptive capacity. Therefore, building resiliency requires information on vulnerability of the system of interest. Therefore, this study assessed smallholder farmer’s vulnerability to impacts of climate change and variability in western parts (Punakha, Wangdue, Gasa) of Bhutan. A survey was conducted from 392 randomly selected households based on major components of sociodemographic profiles, livelihood strategies, health, social network, food, water and natural disaster and climate variability. Data was analyzed using Livelihood Vulnerability Index approach (LVI) and IPCC framework approach (LVI-IPCC). The result indicated that the LVI (range 0.39 to 0.43) and LVI-IPCC (range -0.018 to 0.030) varied across the districts. Punakha district (0.43) was most vulnerable by the LVI approach, whereas Gasa district (0.03) revealed as most vulnerable using LVI-IPCC approach. The rate of vulnerability in a district varied according to their degree of exposure and adaptive capacity to the impacts of climate change among smallholder farmers. Higher exposure to climatic extremes, dependency on natural resources and weak social networking were recognized as components that determine vulnerability. The results are expected to serve an indication to design appropriate intervention to cope with climate change impacts and increase resiliency for sustainable livelihood.
Effect of Silicon (Si) and Surface Irrigation on Rice Crop in the Ramganga Region of Western India
Authors: Kumar Ram , Kumar Chandrabhan , Singh Padam , Pal Ramesh , Mishra Deepak Kumar , Singh P. K. , Myint Thi Thi
Published: October 2023

This research conducted at the College of Agriculture Sciences and Engineering, IFTM University in Moradabad, Uttar Pradesh, India, comprehensively examined the influence of various surface irrigation levels, represented by standing water depths plus silicon (Si), on rice crop performance. Among the seven treatments tested, ranging from 1.5 cm to 4.0 cm of standing water under surface irrigation combined with 2 ml/l silicon (Si) spray, T6 emerged as the most successful. In T6, rice plants cultivated with an average standing water depth of 4.0 cm exhibited superior growth, yield, water use efficiency (WUE), net return, and economic viability compared to other treatments, including the control group. This finding underscores the importance of maintaining an optimal water depth of 4.0 cm under surface irrigation, complemented by silicon (Si) spray application at 2 ml/l, for maximizing rice crop productivity, economic returns, and overall agricultural sustainability. The cost benefit-ratio (CBR) further supported the economic feasibility of this approach, highlighting its potential for enhancing both agricultural yield and economic gains for farmers in similar agro-climatic regions. The study demonstrated that maintaining a standing water depth of 4.0 cm, coupled with silicon (Si) spray at a concentration of 2 ml/l, led to superior outcomes in terms of plant growth, yield, water use efficiency (WUE), net return, and overall economic viability at treatment T6, and compared control treatment T7. The outcomes emphasize the importance of this particular water depth and the application of silicon (Si) in enhancing rice crop productivity.
Intraventricular Lavage vs External Ventricular Drainage for Intraventricular Hemorrhage
Authors: Haldrup Mette , Rasmussen Mads , Mohamad Niwar , Dyrskog Stig , Thorup Line , Mikic Nikola , Wismann Joakim , Grønhøj Mads , Poulsen Frantz Rom , Nazari Mojtaba , Rehman Naveed Ur , Simonsen Claus Ziegler , Korshøj Anders Rosendal
Published: October 2023

Importance

Intraventricular lavage has been proposed as a minimally invasive method to evacuate intraventricular hemorrhage. There is little evidence to support its use.

Objective

To evaluate the safety and potential efficacy of intraventricular lavage treatment of intraventricular hemorrhage.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This single-blinded, controlled, investigator-initiated 1:1 randomized clinical trial was conducted at Aarhus University Hospital and Odense University Hospital in Denmark from January 13, 2022, to November 24, 2022. Follow-up duration was 90 days. The trial was set to include 58 patients with intraventricular hemorrhage. Prespecified interim analysis was performed for the first 20 participants. Data were analyzed from February to April 2023.

Interventions

Participants were randomized to receive either intraventricular lavage or standard drainage.

Main Outcomes and Measures

The main outcome was risk of catheter occlusions. Additional safety outcomes were catheter-related infections and procedure time, length of stay at the intensive care unit, duration of treatment, and 30-day mortality. The main outcome of the prespecified interim analysis was risk of severe adverse events. Efficacy outcomes were hematoma clearance, functional outcome, overall survival, and shunt dependency.

Results

A total of 21 participants (median [IQR] age, 67 [59-82] years; 14 [66%] male) were enrolled, with 11 participants randomized to intraventricular lavage and 10 participants randomized to standard drainage; 20 participants (95%) had secondary intraventricular hemorrhage. The median (IQR) Graeb score was 9 (5-11), and the median (IQR) Glasgow Coma Scale score was 6.5 (4-8). The study was terminated early due to a significantly increased risk of severe adverse events associated with intraventricular lavage at interim analysis (risk difference for control vs intervention, 0.43; 95% CI, 0.06-0.81; P = .04; incidence rate ratio for control vs intervention, 6.0; 95% CI, 1.38-26.1; P = .01). The rate of catheter occlusion was higher for intraventricular lavage compared with drainage (6 of 16 patients [38%] vs 2 of 13 patients [7%]; hazard ratio, 4.4 [95% CI, 0.6-31.2]; P = .14), which met the prespecified α = .20 level. Median (IQR) procedure time for catheter placement was 53.5 (33-75) minutes for intraventricular lavage vs 12 (4-20) minutes for control (P < .001).

Conclusions and Relevance

This randomized clinical trial of intraventricular lavage vs standard drainage found that intraventricular lavage was encumbered with a significantly increased number of severe adverse events. Caution is recommended when using the device to ensure patient safety.

Trial Registration

ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT05204849
Funding Opportunities Designed to Promote Antiracist Change Across a Health Sciences University
Authors: Tucker Constance R. , Lahti Elizabeth , Carney Patricia A.
Published: October 2023

Importance

As health professionals acknowledge the historic and current influences racism has on patient care and health outcomes, leaders must develop antiracist activities to disrupt current narratives.

Objective

To examine the outcomes of antiracism funding opportunities for development, implementation, and evaluation of initiatives across a multi–health professions academic university.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This mixed-methods cohort study involved the evaluation of 17 antiracism projects conducted at a midsize single academic university in the Pacific Northwest with schools of dentistry, medicine, nursing, pharmacy, and public health. Projects were designed by students, faculty, staff, and community members, many of whom were from diverse backgrounds. Data collection and analyses were conducted between January and December 2022.

Main Outcomes and Measures

Influence and reach of institutionally funded antiracist projects and best practices for funding them. Key metrics included project types, allocation of funds, level of community engagement, number of individuals engaged, demographic characteristics of project leaders, and project facilitators and barriers.

Results

Forty-two proposals were submitted, and 17 were selected for funding, representing 3 of 5 health profession schools. Study teams included women (15 of 19 [79%]), gender queer (1 [5%]), Asian American (5 [26%]), Black or African American (2 [11%]), Hispanic or Latinx (1 [5%]), Middle Eastern, North African, or biracial (4 [21%]) and White (7 [37%]) individuals. Four of 17 teams (24%) returned funds because their proposed projects exceeded their workload. Eight projects (47%) were fully implemented, most in the School of Medicine. Community engagement surveys were completed by 10 projects (59%), and 1741 participants engaged in 1 or more funded events. Two focus groups were attended by 7 of 17 projects (41%), which reflected diversity among grantees. Participants noted that facilitators of antiracist activities included strong community engagement, improved well-being, and sense of support by both the community and the institution. Barriers to advancing antiracist initiatives included restrictive timelines, being unprepared for the time needed for their efforts, distrust from community members due to previous experiences with diversity and inclusion projects, and difficulties navigating complex institutional systems and processes.

Conclusions and Relevance

The findings of this study suggest that efforts needed to implement antiracist change should not be underestimated. Engagement should be inclusive across academic health centers and communities. Future efforts need to support innovator full-time equivalent support, individual mentorship, and institutional sponsorship.
Merging Visible Light Photocatalysis and P(III)‐Directed C−H Activation by a Single Catalyst: Modular Assembly of P‐Alkyne Hybrid Ligands
Authors: Jiang Wang , Yang Xiuxiu , Lin Lin , Yan Chaoguo , Zhao Yue , Wang Minyan , Shi Zhuangzhi
Published: October 2023

Metal‐catalyzed C−H activation strategies provide an efficient approach for synthesis by minimizing atom, step, and redox economy. Developing milder, greener, and more effective protocols for these strategies is always highly desirable to the scientific community. In this study, the utilization of a single rhodium complex enabled the visible‐light‐induced late‐stage C−H activation of biaryl‐type phosphines with alkynyl bromides, employing inherent phosphorus atoms as directing groups. This chemistry combines P(III)‐directed C−H activation with visible light photocatalysis, under exogenous photosensitizer‐free conditions, offering a unique platform for ligand design and preparation. Furthermore, this study also explores the asymmetric catalysis and coordination chemistry of the resulting P‐alkyne hybrid ligands with specific transition metals. Experimental results and density functional theory calculations demonstrate the mechanistic intricacies of this transformation.
Synergistic Combination of Reductive Covalent Functionalization and Atomic Layer Deposition—Towards Spatially Defined Graphene‐Organic‐Inorganic Heterostructures
Authors: Liu Xin , Yang Bowen , Zhou Xin , Wu Mingjian , Spiecker Erdmann , Bachmann Julien , Hauke Frank , Hirsch Andreas , Wei Tao
Published: October 2023

Three‐dimensionally (3D) well‐ordered and highly integrated graphene hybrid architectures are considered to be next‐generation multifunctional graphene materials but still remain elusive. Here, we report the first realization of unprecedented 3D‐patterned graphene nano‐ensembles composed of a graphene monolayer, a tailor‐made structured organophenyl layer, and three metal oxide films, providing the first example of such a hybrid nano‐architecture. These spatially resolved and hierarchically structured quinary hybrids are generated via a two‐dimensional (2D)‐functionalization‐mediated atomic layer deposition growth process, involving an initial lateral molecular programming of the graphene lattice via lithography‐assisted 2D functionalization and a subsequent stepwise molecular assembly in these regions in the z‐direction. Our breakthrough lays the foundation for the construction of emerging 3D‐patterned graphene heterostructures.
Betrachtungen zur Kohlenwasserstoffsynthese nach Fischer‐Tropsch
Authors: Volmer W.
Published: October 2023

Die Schwierigkeiten, die sich den vielen bisherigen Versuchen zur experimentellen Ergründung des Reaktionsmechanismus bei der Kohlenwasserstoffsynthese nach F. Fischer und H. Tropsch entgegenstellten, führten zu der nachstehend ausgeführten rechnerischen Behandlung des Problems durch Untersuchung des Reaktionsproduktes nach den Prinzipien der Großzahlforschung. Die dabei gewonnenen Vorstellungen über den Reaktionsmechanismus lassen die bekannten Erscheinungen gut deuten und lassen erkennen, daß primär gebildete Olefine niederer Kohlenstoffzahl durch Polymerisation die höheren Reaktionsprodukte der Synthese ergeben.
Die Auswertung der Röntgenaufnahmen von Gasen, Flüssigkeiten und Kristallen mit einer neuen Rechenmaschine für Fourierreihen
Authors: Hoppe W.
Published: October 2023

Es wird gezeigt, wie durch eine beschriebene neuartige mechanische Rechenmaschine für Fourierreihen die Auswertung der Intensitätsmessungen von Röntgeninterferenzen bei Gasen, Flüssigkeiten und Kristallen wesentlich erleichtert werden kann. Darüber hinaus ergeben sich grundsätzlich Möglichkeiten einer systematischen Bestimmung der Phasen von Röntgenstreuwellen von Kristallen durch Benutzung gewisser Näherungseigenschaften von Fourierreihen mit verschiedener Anzahl von Gliedern.
Zur Reduktion organischer Rhodanverbindungen an Quecksilberkathoden
Authors: Schwabe K. , Voigt J.
Published: October 2023

Durch präparative Reduktion wurde nachgewiesen, daß aromatische organische Rhodanverbindungen unter Aufnahme von zwei Elektronen zu Thiophenolen und Zyanwasserstoffsäure reduziert werden. Beim 4‐Dimethylamino‐rhodanbenzol wird das gebildete Thiophenol durch Luftsauerstoff zum Disulfid oxydiert. Die Reduktionsstufe des Disulfids liegt bei—0, 44 V gegen die n‐Kalomelelektrode.
Die Einwirkung von Kohlenoxysulfid auf Alkalizellulosen
Authors: Hess K. , Grotjahn H.
Published: October 2023

Bei der Umsetzung von Alkalizellulose (Na‐Cell I) mit Kohlenoxysulfid ist ähnlich wie bei der CS2‐Einwirkung (Xanthogenierung) zwischen einer Hauptreaktion, die zu Kohlenoxysulfid‐Zellulose führt, und einer Nebenreaktion mit der der Na‐Cell I stets anhaftenden freien Natronlauge zu unterscheiden (Bildung von Natriumhydrosulfid und Natriumbicarbonat). Unter Berücksichtigung der Nebenreaktion ergibt sich für die Hauptreaktion ein Reaktionsverhältnis 1 COS: 1 C6H10O5. — Der Verlauf der zeitlichen Umsetzungskurven ist durch die Hauptreaktion bestimmt; die Umsatzgeschwindigkeit der Alkalizellulose bezogen auf die anhaftende NaOH‐Menge in der Na‐Cell I ist etwa 10mal größer als bei reiner Natronlauge. — Die in Abhängigkeit von COS‐Anfangsdruck und Temperatur ermittelten Reaktionskurven für Na‐Cell I lassen sich durch eine Reaktionsgleichung 2. Ordnung darstellen. Aus den Geschwindigkeits‐konstanten zwischen 0° und —31° C errechnet sich eine Arrheniussche Aktivierungsenergie von 20 kcal/Mol. — Das Umsetzungsprodukt der Na‐Cell I mit COS wurde röntgenographisch charakterisiert. — Im Gegensatz zur Xanthogenierung reagierte auch Na‐Cell II mit COS glatt bei 0° C.
Über das kryoskopische Verhalten der Säuren und sauren Salze in gesättigter Natriumsulfatlösung
Authors: Jahr Karl Friedrich , Kubens Rolf
Published: October 2023

Für die Auswertung kryoskopischer Messungen in gesättigter Natriumsulfatlösung nach R. Löwenherz unter Beobachtung des Umwandlungspunktes Na2SO4 · 10H2O ⇌ Na2SO4 + Lös. ist es notwendig, das Verhalten der Säuren und sauren Salze zu kennen.

Es wurden die molekularen Erniedrigungen und ihre Konzentrationsabhängigkeiten von CO(NH2)2, NaCl, NaH2PO4 und Na2HPO4, NaOH, H2SO4 und HClO4 gemessen, sowie kryoskopische Titrationen von HClO4 mit NaOH, NaOH mit HClO4, H2SO4 mit NaOH, NaH2PO4 mit H2SO4, NaH2AsO4 mit H2SO4, NaOCOCH3 mit H2SO4, Na4P2O7 mit H2SO4, NaH2PO4 mit NaOH, NaH2AsO4 mit NaOH durchgeführt.

Die Ergebnisse werden diskutiert. Man findet: starke Säuren sind in Glaubersalzschmelzen ebenso wie in Wasser vollständig dissoziiert; mittelstarke Säuren dissoziieren in Glaubersalzschmelzen stärker als in Wasser; die Dissoziation schwacher Säuren ist in Glaubersalzschmelzen kryoskopisch nicht bemerkbar.

Na2HPO4 und Na2HAsO4 verhalten sich abnorm, weil die Anionen [HPO4]− bzw. [HAsO4]−− in das kristallisierende Glaubersalz isomorph eingebaut werden.
Grundsätzliches über spektroskopische Verfahren zur Messung von Temperaturen und Geschwindigkeiten sehr heißer und sehr schnell strömender Feuergase
Authors: Bredt Irene R. A. E.
Published: October 2023

Ausgehend von einer Kritik der „klassischen”︁ Meßverfahren am Feuergas der Rakete, die fast alle ein völlig eingespieltes Energiegleichgewicht voraussetzten, versucht der Verfasser die neueren Erkenntnisse der Reaktionskinetik auf eine Abschätzung des Ablaufs der chemischen und thermodynamischen Prozesse in Raketenbrennkammer und ‐düse anzuwenden, und kommt zu dem Schluß, daß Meßverfahren, die Gleichgewicht aller energetischen Freiheitsgrade im Feuergas voraussetzen, für die Rakete nicht mehr zulässig sind. Das Maß der Abweichung vom allgemeinen Gleichgewicht wird für die verschiedenen Energieformen zu bestimmen versucht, und in diesem Zusammenhang wird Translation, Rotation, Schwingung, Elektronenanregung, Ionisation usw. je eine eigene Temperatur zugeordnet. Anschließend wird unter Berücksichtigung der gewonnenen Erkenntnisse die Ausnutzung des optischen Dopplereffektes zu Meßzwecken in Erwägung gezogen. Da die Linienverschiebung hier ein unmittelbares Maß einer Translationsbewegung ist, kann sie gleichzeitig zur Bestimmung von Translationstemperatur und Systembewegung des Feuergases benutzt werden.
Über elektrochemische Grundbegriffe II: Ergänzungen zur gleichnamigen früheren Arbeit (I) über die einfache Elektrode
Authors: Lance Erich
Published: October 2023

Nach einem umfangreichen Gedankenaustausch über die vor kurzen veröffentlichten elektrochemischen Grundbegriffe zur einfachen Elektrode Metall/Lösung werden einige Ergänzungen nachstehend zusammengestellt. Sie betreffen u. a.: lonen in Phasen; elektrische Potentiale einer Phase; chemische und elektrochemische partielle molare Gröβen von Ionen in einer Phase; Strom‐ und Ladungsfluß in der einzelnen Phase; die einfache Elektrode ohne und im Stromfluß; Phasenendumsätze; die galvanische Zelle.
Lichtabsorption und Fluoreszenz aromatischer Amine in überalkalischer Lösung
Authors: Bonitz E. , Förster Th.
Published: October 2023

Die Absorptions‐ und Fluoreszenzspektren von 3‐Aminopyren‐5, 8, 10‐trisulfonat und seinen N‐Methyl‐substitutionsprodukten wurden in flüssigem Ammoniak in Gegenwart von Natriumamid untersucht. In diesem „überalkalischen”︁ Lösungsmittel beobachtet man Umschläge der Absorptions‐und Fluoreszenzspektren, die auf Protonenabspaltung von den Aminogruppen unter Bildung von „Aminationen”︁ zurückgeführt werden. Diese Befunde bestätigen die frühere Annahme3) 4) 5), daß auch die Fluoreszenzspektren aromatischer Amine in wäßrig‐alkalischen Lösungen derartigen angeregten Aminationen zuzuschreiben sind. Die Substituenten ‐NH− und ‐NCH3− besitzen besonders ausgeprägte auxochrome Eigenschaften. Bereits ein einziger Substituent dieser Art verleiht dem aromatischen System des Pyrens Eigenschaften, die sonst nur bei typischen Farbstoffen anzutreffen sind.
Zum Reaktionsmechanismus der Ultraschallabsorption in wäßrigen Elektrolytlösungen
Authors: Eigen M. , Kurtze G. , Tamm K.
Published: October 2023

Messungen der Schallabsorption wäßriger Elektrolytlösungen, die mit Hilfe von 5 verschiedenen Versuchsanordnungen im Frequenzbereich von 5 kHz bis 300 MHz ausgeführt wurden, ergaben bei einer Reihe von Elektrolyten eine gegenüber reinem Wasser erhöhte Absorption. Die Frequenzabhängigkeit dieser zusätzlichen (Elektrolyt‐) Absorption läßt auf Relaxationsvorgänge schließen. Eine nennenswerte Absorption wurde in erster Linie bei höherwertigen Elektrolyten beobachtet; insbesondere zeigen die 2–2‐wertigen Salze, von denen hauptsächlich Sulfate untersucht wurden, zwei ausgeprägte Absorptionsgebiete, die zwei getrennten Relaxationsvorgängen entsprechen.

Zur Deutung dieser Relaxationsabsorption werden verschiedene Möglichkeiten angeführt und an Hand der Meßergebnisse diskutiert. Hierbei lassen insbesondere Messungen der Konzentrationsabhängigkeit der Absorption, sowie eine eingehende Untersuchung des Einflusses von Fremdelektrolyten (vor allem Säuren und Basen) eine Entscheidung zwischen den angeführten Deutungsmöglichkeiten (thermische Relaxation, Ionenwolke, Hydratation, Hydrolyse, unvollständige Dissoziation) zu. Als wahrscheinlichste Absorptionsursache ergibt sich der Dissoziationsvorgang des Elektrolyten, von dem angenommen wird, daß er über Zwischenstufen verläuft, denen die beiden Relaxationseffekte zugeordnet werden.

Die Interpretation der Meßergebnisse gestattet Aussagen über Geschwindigkeit und Mechanismus von Ionenreaktionen. Die Messung der Ultraschallabsorption stellt mithin ein wertvolles Hilfsmittel zur Erfassung sehr schnell verlaufender Lösungsreaktionen dar (Relaxationszeiten bis herunter zu 10−9 sec). Eine strengere theoretische Behandlung der Reaktionskinetik und der Relaxationsvorgänge in Elektrolytlösungen wird (im Anhang) durchgeführt.
Zu einem Versuch zur experimentellen Bestimmung der Potentialdifferenz an der Oberfläche von Wasser
Authors: Passoth G.
Published: October 2023

Eine Abschätzung der Potentialdifferenz an der Oberfläche von Wasser, die auf der Annahme einer innerhalb der Oberflächenschicht gegenüber dem Inneren von Wasser verkleinerten Dielektrizitätskonstante beruht, ergibt den Wert 0,2 bis 0,3 Volt.

Es wird gezeigt, daß die experimentelle Bestimmung dieser Potentialdifferenz von Chalmers und Pasquill insofern auf einem Irrtum beruht, als die von ihnen angegebenen Werte durch Verunreinigungen der Wasseroberfläche mit organischen Substanzen erklärt werden müssen.