bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Knowledge about HIV/AIDS among Xth standard students in Mangalore, India
Authors: Nuwera Haleema , Prabhu Anitha S.
Published: January 2017

Background: HIV an abbreviation of human immunodeficiency virus, infection of which in most advanced stage leads to AIDS. HIV/AIDS is both global public health problem and young people are at the centre of global HIV/AIDS pandemic. Lack of information and understanding about HIV/AIDS, increases their susceptibility towards the disease. Hence, this study was conducted to assess the knowledge of HIV/AIDS among the X grade students as well as to know the differences in knowledge across gender.Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted among 250 students studying in X grade of 3 private schools located in Mangalore city, selected by multistage cluster sampling. The study was conducted for duration of 2 weeks using a predesigned and pre-structured questionnaire. Ethical approval from the institution and necessary permission from school authority was obtained prior to initiation of study. Results: Mean age of the study participants was 15.40±0.615. Females were predominant in the age group of 14 and 16 years (100.0% and 53.40% respectively). Majority of them had adequate knowledge of full form of HIV (94.4%), virus as causative agent (85.6%), awareness symbol of HIV/AIDS (86.8%), modes of transmission of HIV (871.6%). Poor knowledge was observed in areas of prevention (60.4%), actions that does not transmit HIV infection (58.0%), availability of blood tests (58.0%) and drugs (42.4%). Males had better knowledge in various areas when compared to females.Conclusions: Stringent efforts are required to improve the knowledge of HIV/AIDS by health education camps and school teachers need to be trained to enhance the knowledge of students.
AGAMA SARKAWI (Studi kasus di Desa Siasem Kabupaten Brebes Jawa Tengah)
Authors: Ridlo Subkhan
Published: January 2017

This case study aims to describe and to analyze Sarkawi
Religion at Padukuhan Limbungan, Siasem Village, Brebes Regency.
All Sarkawi followers are Islam; however their neighborhood
community called them Sarkawi followers, why? It is because they
have different faith, which is faith in forbidden to eat goat meat and
penance for those being death.
Forbidden of eating goat meat caused by belief that come up
from the story told by Sarkawi and penance is performed by ritual
at the center (house of Sarkawi leader). By the ritual, spirit of the
deaths will be admitted by the almighty.
PELAKSANAAN KURIKULUM TINGKAT SATUAN PENDIDIKAN PADA MADRASAH ALIYAH NEGERI I PONTIANAK
Authors: Taruna Mulyani Mudis
Published: January 2017

This research was done at Madrasah Aliyah Negeri I in Pontianak,
the capital of Western Borneo. The focus of the research was the imple­
mentation of Education Unit Level Curriculum (KTSP) at Madrasah
Aliyah Negeri I Pontianak which was seen from the aspects of the imple­
mentation of KTSP itself, of the management, of the administration of
the management, of developmental method, of learning facilities, and of
the evaluation of learning system. In addition, this research also exam­
ined how learners' perceptions of the implementation of KTSP were.

From the result of the research showed that the implementation of
KTSP at Madrasah Aliyah Negeri I Pontianak could run well in accor­
dance with learning procedure, namely operationally the curriculum
had been composed by the education unit itself with various kinds of
dynamism although it did not free from the standard of content which
was composed by BSNP (National Education Standard Agency). Simi­
larly, learners' perceptions showed that they understood enough and
were able to follow the learning process with KTSP as the new curricu­
lum after the application of KBK (Competency Based-Curriculum).

However, on another side, there were several disadvantages which
needed improvement such as human resources factor, namely teachers
who had experience in local level but lacked insight into communica­
tion in national level, frequent occurrences of technical obstacles in the
implementation, insufficient facilities for the learning process such as
incomplete multimedia and the existing learning media if they were con­
nected to the ratio of learners, a high shortage of teachers' handbooks
so that on average teachers only mentioned 2 reference books namely I
package book and I book published by Toha Putra Semarang and prac­
tically the supervision of education has not yet been done by counselors
from Regional Office of Ministry of Religious Affairs of Pontianak.
NASKAH RONTAL DARUL SAMAR Sebuah Naskah Sasak Bernuansa Keagamaan Islam
Authors: Amaluddin Moh
Published: January 2017

This palmistry palm manuscript contents various Islamic thoughts
on faith, syariat, and tasawuf. In faith area, Islamic thoughts included
order on Allah Substances and on value of human being acts. In syariat
area, it included immediateness to do matrimonial function, on the good
and the bad months to carry out marriage. In tasawuf area, it included
Islamic thoughts on nature of our body, on sincerity and surrendering to
Allah, on endeavors to achieve bright mind, on meaning behind the cau­
tion given after death. on searching of supernatural experiences, on
kinds of religious knowledge.
KONFIGURASI DAN TRANSFORMASI KEHIDUPAN BERAGAMA GENERASI MUDA PEDESAAN Studi Kasus Generasi Muda Desa Pakiskembar Kecamatan Pakis Kabupaten Malang Jawa Timur
Authors: Mubarok Abdul
Published: January 2017

This research aimed at describing a change in the religious life of young
generation of Pakiskembar Village, Pakis Sub district, Malang Re­
gency, East Java, because of the influence of electrical technology
introduced into village. The description comprised a change in the form
of a variety of beliefs, a change in the religious service aspect, and a
change in social aspect.
The finding of this research was electricity introduced into the village
brought specific changes into the religious life of young generation. A
change in the belief aspect tended towards irrational belief which
increasingly reduced, which meant rasional though increasingly rose.
A part of change in religious service aspect tended toward a rise, and
another part tended towards a reduction. Activities of reciting Al-Qur 'an
at home underwent a change toward a reduction. Activities of reciting
Al-Qur'an at the mosque/musala in month of Ramadan did not change.
Participation in taraveeh and tadarus Al-Qur 'an in the month of
Ramadan rose. Activities of performing congregational prayers at
mosque/musala reduced. Activities of Friday prayer, Eid-ul-Fitr prayer,
and janaza (funeral) prayer did not change.
Changes in the social aspect were various enough. Within the social­
relegious group/organization in the village level, a rise in the number
of members occurred; participation of the young generation in this
activity rose. Relegious education institution and the participation of
young generation of the young generation in this institution did not
change. Various kinds of activities of PHBI rose and participation of
the young generation also increasingly rose. The habit of talking to
older people changed, namely after electricity introduced into the vil­
lage the young generation seemed not familiar enough with older people,
that they lacked of respect for older people, and there was impression
that they preferred to use Indonesian language, wich meant they started
to leave behind their local vernacular which was full of ethics of  personality or of good manner towards older people. There was a changein dressing. although it was still normal, they still dressed in Moslem dress.
AKTUALISASI AJARAN KONFUSIANISME DALAM MEMBANGUN NASIONALISME ETNIS TIONGHOA (Perspektif Etnis Tionghoa Surakarta)
Authors: Rosidi Achmad
Published: January 2017

Etnis   Tionghoa   sering   mendapat   stigma   negatif   sebagai   warga   negara Indonesia,  karena     dianggap  kurang  memiliki  rasa  nasionalisme  terhadap NKRI. Etnis Tionghoa dianggap memiliki kecenderungan mempertahankan ajaran Konfusianisme yang berbeda dengan keyakinan masyarakat lokal, meskipun telah lama mukim di Indonesia. Fenomena tersebut berusaha diteliti dengan menggunakan paradigma kualitatif-fenomenologi untuk mengungkap kontekstualisasi ajaran Konfusianisme dalam membangun nilai-nilai nasionalisme. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa ajaran Konfusianisme memuat nilai-nilai cinta tanah air sejak kecil, bermula dari penanaman moral yang luhur, berbakti pada orang tua, leluhur, dan hormat kepada orang yang lebih tua. Proses aktualisasi nilai-nilai cinta tanah air dalam Konfusianisme adalah penguatan moral generasi muda agar tidak mudah terkikis oleh perilaku yang merusak tatanan sosial dan tatanan bernegara dan penguatan integrasi etnis Tionghoa dalam kerangka NKRI dengan struktur masyarakat yang majemuk.

Kata kunci: Etnis Tionghoa, Konfusianisme, kontekstualisasi, aktualisasi, nasionalisme.
DERADIKALISASI AGAMA MELALUI PENDIDIKAN MULTIKULTURAL DAN INKLUSIVISME (Studi Pada Pesantren al-Hikmah Benda Sirampog Brebes)
Authors: Ramadhan Muammar
Published: January 2017

Radikalisme   agama   menjadi   terminologi   yang   senantiasa   menarik   diperbincangkan. Berbagai upaya dilakukan oleh sejumlah pihak, untuk menangkal paham radikal. Radikalisme agama tidak bisa dihilangkan, tetapi dapat diminimalisir. Salah satu upaya deradikalisasi agama adalah melakukan proses pemahamanan dan pembentukan pola pikir, yakni dengan menanamkan   niilai  multikulturalisme   dan  inklusivisme   melalui  pendidikan   pesantren. Salah satu pesantren yang mendidik santri-santri  secara inklusif dan menanamkan  nilai- nilai multikulturalisme adalah pesantren Al-Hikmah Benda Sirampog Brebes Jawa Tengah. Pesantren ini mendidik santri untuk tafaqquh fiddin melalui pengajaran kitab kuning dan pendidikan formal. Pesantren Al-Hikmah merupakan salah pesantren yang mempunyai pengaruh kuat di masyarakat. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif lapangan dengan menggunakan pendekatan fungsionalisme struktural Parsons dengan kerangka fungsi adaptation (adaptasi), integration (integrasi), goal attainment (pencapaian tujuan), dan litency (pemeliharaan pola). Adapun metode analisisnya menggunakan metode deskriptif-analitis. Hasil penelitian ini adalah bahwa pendidikan multikultural dan inklusivisme di pondok pesantren al-Hikmah Benda dilakukan melalui pengajaran dan pendidikan yang tidak berdiri sendiri pada satuan pelajaran tertentu. Implementasinya adalah dengan menggunakan metode pembiasaan, ceramah, diskusi, demonstrasi, kisah, dan keteladanan. Sejumlah nilai yang diajarkan adalah   berbaik sangka, kebersamaan,  kesederajatan,  saling menghargai, menjauhkan sikap prejudice terhadap pihak lain, kompetisi dalam kebaikan,  kejujuran, dan memberi maaf kepada orang lain.

Kata kunci: radikalisme, multikulturalisme, inklusivisme, pondok pesantren, metode pembelajaran, budaya damai.
TRADISI RITUAL BUKA LUWUR: Sebuah Media nilai-nilai Islam dan Sosial Masyarakat Kudus
Authors: Nuha Ulin
Published: January 2017

The Aim of this research is to study Buka Luwur ritual as a media of religious value and culture, and to know its functions and factors that make it a tradition. In this research the writer use sociological approach, interview in gathering data and interpretative analysis. From this research we can find fourth aspects. Firstly, this tradition has good model values, therefore it is necessary to be continued and bequeathed from generation to generation. Secondly, the understanding of muslim society on the holy Quran relates to the content of local tradition and also the non muslim influence. Thirdly, Buka Luwur tradition in Kudus is religious ceremony used to celebrate Khaul as well as ziarah for Sunan Kudus. Fourthly, the united in society runs well if their existences are tied up and supported by living culture. Buka Luwur tradition in Kudus has a big function to unite many group in society, to be social glue, to strenghten the faith to the invisible things and to keep the balance and the harmony from periode to periode.
Analisis Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi No. 46/PUU-VIII/2010 tentang Pengujian UU No. 1 Tahun 1974 Dalam Konsep Laqith dan Wasiat Wajibah
Authors: Yasin Ikhsan Fatah
Published: January 2017

Constitutional Court Decision No. 46 / PUU-VIII / 2010 raises the pro and contra in the society, the side of the pro considers the Constitutional Court decision is justice for women who are victims of fraud or wedding sirri, also to the children born from this relationship. For contra, the decision of the Constitutional Court has strayed far from Islamic law, even considered legalizing adultery. In this research, writer used a qualitative approach, writer decipher Constitutional Court Decision No. 46 / PUU-VIII / 2010 and then analyze them using concepts laqith and wasiat wajibah, laqith researchers use to justify their obligations towards their children’s biological father was borrowed and used as solutions to problems of inheritance of children outside of marriage. So, the writer concluded that based on these two concepts, the Constitutional Court Decision No. 46 / PUU-VIII / 2010 does not conflict with Islamic law.
SEJARAH DAN STRATEGI DAKWAH IKHWANUL MUSLIMIN
Authors: Ulfah Novi Maria
Published: January 2017

Ikhwanul muslimin termasuk organisasi Islam yang cukup berpengaruh di dunia Islam. Organisasi ini menginspirasi dan mempengaruhi berbagai gerakan Islam di banyak negara termasuk Indonesia. Penelitian ini bermaksud untuk mengetahui sejarah dan strategi dakwah yang dilakukan oleh Ikhwanul Muslimin. Metode penelitian menggunakan library research melalui buku-buku Ikhwanul Muslimin sebagai sumber data primer, sumber data sekunder dari buku-buku pendukung atau tulisan lain yang terkait dengan Ikhwanul Muslimin. Penelitian ini menemukan bahwa dakwah Ikhwanul Muslimin terbagi menjadi empat fase. Fase  perintisan (1928-1932) yang ditandai pendirian madrasah, sekolah ma’had, penerbitan majalah serta panti asuhan. Fase pembinaan dan pengembangan (1932-1939) dengan melalui dakwah berupa kajiankajian di masjid dan menerbitkan surat kabar. Fase pembinaan dan perjuangan (19391952) dengan menerbitkan majalah al-Ikhwan al-Muslimin, membuat sistem usrah dan nizham khos. Fase revolusi (1952-1954) dimana dakwahnya ditandai pendirian sekolah Jumat dan  berkembangnya aktifitas Jawwalah.
Factors influencing dental appearance satisfaction in adolescents: a cross-sectional study conducted in Southern Brazil
Authors: Boeira Gregori Franco , Salas Mabel Miluska Suca , Araújo Diogo Conceição , Masotti Alexandre Severo , Correa Marcos Britto , Demarco Flávio Fernando
Published: January 2017

The perception of dental aesthetic appearance may affect social interaction and psychological status, influencing dental needs and the search for treatments. Aim: To investigate the satisfaction with dental appearance and influencing factors among adolescents. Methods: The study was carried out among adolescents aged 14 to 19 years attending a private high school in Brazil. Data on demographic information, the perception of dental appearance, previous aesthetic treatments and wish to perform dental treatments were collected in the school. Data were analyzed using Pearson’s chi-square test or Linear Trend. Multivariate analysis was performed using the Poisson regression. Results: A total of 531 adolescents (Response rate = 98.3%) answered the questionnaire. The prevalence of dissatisfaction with dental appearance was 17.4%. Almost 65% had history of previous orthodontic treatment and 16% performed dental bleaching. Approximately 45% of children wished to undergo orthodontics and 54.8% to bleach their teeth. Dissatisfaction with dental appearance was associated with individuals unsatisfied with dental color (95% IC[1.73;4.32]), those perceiving poor dental alignment (PR3.16 95% IC[2.11;4.72]) and those wishing orthodontic treatment (PR2.9; 95% IC[1.79; 4.70]). Conclusions: The prevalence of dissatisfaction was considerable and was associated with aesthetic concerns such as tooth color, dental alignment and with the wish for orthodontics. In this young population, a large part of adolescents had already performed orthodontic and bleaching treatments and wished to perform those treatments again. Satisfaction with dental appearance could affect the adolescents’ behavior regarding search for dental treatment, thus causing possible overtreatment.
Removable orthodontic appliances: frequency and cleaning agents used by students and recommended by dentists
Authors: Lamas Rita Regina Souza , Salas Mabel Miluska Suca , Cenci Tatiana Pereira , Corrêa Marcos Britto , Lundi Rafael Guerra
Published: January 2017

Aim: To evaluate the prevalence and hygiene habits of 13-19 years-old adolescent users of removable orthodontic appliances (ROA) and to determine hygiene methods for the appliances prescribed by dentists, in the city of Pelotas. Methods: The study had two stages. The first stage was a telephone interview with dentists. Dentists were interview by telephone calls in order to obtain information regarding the hygiene methods for cleaning acrylic appliances. Second stage was a cross-sectional study performed with schoolchildren. Children from public and private schools with secondary level were included in the sample. A questionnaire was applied to the students using any type of ROA. Questionnaires included demographic information and behavioral characteristics. Data collected were subjected to Chi-square test and logistic regression. Results: The prevalence of children using ROA was 5.4%. Students (89.7%) and dentists (47.2%) reported to prefer mechanical methods to clean their ROA. Cleaning with soup, hydrogen peroxide or effervescent tabs were less used. High frequency of use was associated with higher frequency of hygiene on the ROA. Conclusions: The prevalence of schoolchildren using removable appliances was low. The common cleaning method used by children and prescribed by dentists was mechanical. Hygiene frequency was significantly associated with the routine of use of the appliance and with the type of hygiene method.
Odontometric analysis of molars for sex determination
Authors: Fernandes Larissa Chaves Cardoso , Veloso Carolina Vieira Lucena , Oliveira Julyana de Araújo , Genu Paloma Rodrigues , Santiago Bianca Marques , Rabello Patrícia Moreira
Published: January 2017

Aim: To investigate the existence of sexual dimorphism between the first and second permanent molars. Methods: A cross-sectional, observational, blind study using comparative and statistical descriptive procedures. The sample included 50 pairs of plaster casts from undergraduate dental students (25 men/25 women) from the Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa/PB, Brazil, aged 20-26 years. Odontometric measurements of first and second maxillary/mandibular, right/left permanent molars were performed. Mesiodistal (MD) and buccolingual/palatal (BL/BP) widths and the distance between the lingual cusps of corresponding molars in opposite quadrants, were measured. The data were analyzed by Student’s t test and ANOVA with Bonferroni (p≤0.05). Results: The crowns of all first molars were statistically larger in men than in women (p<0.05). Maxillary and mandibular left second molars (#27 and #37) did not differ in their MD widths (p=0.66, p=0.75), whereas mandibular left and right second molars (#37 and #47) showed statistically different BL widths (p=0.007 and p=0.008). As to the distance between the lingual cusps, only the first left-to-right mandibular molars (#36-46) showed no sex dimorphism (p=0.107). Conclusions: Molars are larger in males than in females. Individually, first molars demonstrated higher evidence of sex distinction than second molars.
Epidemiological features of patients with nonsyndromic cleft lip and/or palate in Western Parana
Authors: Moreira Helenara Salvati Bertolossi , Machado Renato Assis , Aquino Sibele Nascimento de , Rangel Ana Lúcia Carrinho Ayrosa , Martelli Júnior Hercílio , Della Coletta Ricardo
Published: January 2017

Aim: : To describe the clinical, demographic and environmental features associated with NSCL/P (nonsyndromic cleft lip and/or palate) patients born in western Parana state, Brazil. Methods: This cross-sectional, observational, retrospective study included 188 patients attended at the Association of Carriers of Cleft Lip and Palate - APOFILAB, Cascavel-Parana, between 2012 and 2014. Information on demographic characteristics, medical and dental histories and life style factors were obtained from records and personal interviews. Results: Among the 188 patients, cleft lip and palate (CLP) was the most frequent subtype (55.8%), followed by cleft lip only (CLO, 25.0%) and cleft palate only (CPO, 19.2%). Caucasian males were the most affected, although no differences among types of cleft were observed. The otorhinolaryngologic and respiratory alterations were the most frequent systemic alterations in NSCL/P patients, and more than 80% of the NSCL/P mothers reported no vitamin supplements during the first trimester of pregnancy. Conclusions: This study revealed that the prevalence of nonsyndromic oral cleft types in this cohort was quite similar to previously reported prevalence rates. Systemic alterations were identified among 23.4% of the patients and patients with CLP were the most affected. History of maternal exposition to environmental factors related to nonsyndromic oral clefts was frequent and most mothers reported no vitamin supplements during the pregnancy. This study highlights the importance of identifying systemic alterations and risk factors associated with NSCL/P in the Brazilian population for planning comprehensive strategies and integrated actions for the development of preventive programs and treatment.
Factors associated with the technical quality of root canal fillings performed by undergraduate dental students in a Malaysian Dental School
Authors: Wong Choon Yoong , Liaw Yan Xia , Wong Jhiew Zhan , Chen Lee Chian , Parolia Abhishek
Published: January 2017

Aim: A retrospective clinical audit was carried out on records of endodontic treatment performed by dental undergraduates. The audit was performed to evaluate the technical quality of root canal fillings performed by dental undergraduates and determine the associated factors. Methods: 140 records of patients who had received root canal treatment by dental undergraduates were evaluated through periapical radiographs by two examiners (κ =0.74). The root canal fillings had their quality evaluated according to extent, condensation and presence of procedural mishap. Possible factors associated with technical quality such as tooth type, canal curvature, student level and quality of record keeping were evaluated. Data were statistically analyzed using chi-square test (p<0.05). Results: Among the 140 root-filled teeth, acceptable extent, condensation and no-mishap were observed in 72.1%, 66.4% and 77.9% cases respectively. Overall, the technical quality of 68 (48.6%) root-filled teeth was considered acceptable. Overall, non-acceptable root canal fillings were significantly more likely to be observed in molars (69.2%), moderately and severely curved canals (71.4%) and junior students (61.5%). There was no association between acceptable root canal fillings and quality of record keeping. Conclusions: The technical quality of root canal fillings was acceptable in 48.6% cases and it was associated with tooth type, degree of canal curvature and student seniority.
Erosive potential of sugar-free hard candies dissolved in water and artificial saliva
Authors: Farias Maria Mercês Aquino Gouveia , Oliveira Magatha Marquetti Lazzaris de , Schmitt Beatriz Helena Eger , Silveira Eliane Garcia da , Araújo Silvana Marchiori de
Published: January 2017

Aim: To compare the acidity of sugar-free hard candies dissolved in water and artificial saliva. Methods: Sugar-free Flopi Florestal hard candies (grape, strawberry, cherry, orange, ginger, lemon balm, fennel) were selected and grouped in 2 groups: G-1 (candies dissolved in distilled water) and G-2 (candies dissolved in artificial saliva). Candies were triturated with a porcelain pestle, yielding two samples of 20 g. Samples were dissolved in 120 mL distilled water (G-1) and 120 mL artificial saliva (20 mM NaHCO3, 3 mM NaH2PO4.H2O and 1 mM CaCl2.2H2O) (G-2), obtaining three samples of 30 mL for each of the flavors and groups. pH was measured using potentiometer and combined glass electrode. Titratable acidity was evaluated by adding 100 μL 1M NaOH aliquots until reaching pH 5.5. For statistical analysis, analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used. Means were compared by the Tukey test at 5% significance level (p<0.05) Results: All flavors of G-1 showed pH values below 5.5. Comparison of groups in the same flavor showed a significant increase in pH in flavors of G-2. Comparison of the titratable acidity between G-1 and G-2, showed that fruit flavors were significantly different from each other, with reduced acidity in G-2. Conclusions: All evaluated candies are acid, and dilution in artificial saliva raised their pH and lowered their titratable acidity, reducing their erosive potential.
Ensino primário tipicamente rural no estado de São Paulo: granjas escolares, grupos escolares rurais e escolas típicas rurais (1933 – 1968)
Authors: Silva Cláudio Rodrigues da
Published: January 2017

Trata-se de resenha do livro Ensino primário tipicamente rural no Estado de São Paulo: granjas escolares, grupos escolares rurais e escolas típicas rurais (1933 – 1968), publicado pela Editora Cultura Acadêmica em 2014. O livro é resultado de pesquisa histórica em nível de Mestrado em Educação, desenvolvida por Agnes Moraes, sob orientação da Profa. Dra. Rosa Fátima de Souza.
Pengaruh Pendekatan Problem Posing Terhadap Prestasi Belajar Matematika Siswa Berdasarkan Gaya Kognitif
Authors: Muzaini Muhammad
Published: January 2017

[Bahasa]: Penelitian eksperimen ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui: 1) perbedaan prestasi belajar matematika siswa antara siswa yang bergaya kognitif field independent diajar dengan pendekatan problem posing dan siswa diajar yang dengan pendekatan konvensional; 2) perbedaan prestasi belajar matematika siswa antara siswa  bergaya kognitif field dependent yang diajar dengan pendekatan problem posing dan siswa  yang diajar dengan pendekatan konvensional; dan 3) interaksi antara pendekatan pembelajaran dengan gaya kognitif terhadap prestasi belajar siswa. Instrumen penelitian yaitu lembar observasi aktivitas guru, lembar observasi aktivitas siswa, instrumen GEFT, dan angket respon siswa. Analisis data menggunakan statistik deskriptif dan inferensial dengan bantuan SPSS versi 16,0. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa prestasi belajar matematika siswa yang bergaya kognitif field independent yang diajar dengan pendekatan problem posing lebih baik dari prestasi belajar siswa yang diajar dengan pendekatan konvensional, ada perbedaan prestasi belajar matematika siswa yang mempunyai gaya kognitif field dependent yang diajar dengan pendekatan problem posing dan prestasi belajar matematika siswa yang diajar dengan pendekatan konvensional, dan tidak ada interaksi antara pendekatan problem posing dan gaya kognitif terhadap prestasi belajar matematika siswa.

[English]: This experimental research aims to find out: 1) the difference of mathematics achievement of students who have field-independent cognitive style taught with problem posing and conventional approach; 2) the difference of mathematics achievement of students who have field-dependent cognitive style taught with problem posing and conventional approach; and 3) interaction between learning approach and cognitive style towards students’ mathematics achievement. The instruments of this research are teacher’s observation sheet, students’ activity observation sheet, GEFT instrument, and the questionnaire of students’ response. Research data is analyzed through descriptive and inferential statistics using SPSS version 16,0. The research found that mathematics achievement of students who have field-independent taught with problem posing is better than those who taught with conventional approach, field-dependent students have different mathematics achievement that taught with problem posing and conventional approach, and there is no interaction between problem posing approach and cognitive style towards mathematics achievement of students.
Women Workers in Agricultural Sector: A Literature Review
Authors: Multani Neela , Sanghvi A. N.
Published: January 2017

For any research, literature review is an essential part as it helps in identifying the area of research. Agriculture is the main source of sustenance for both developing and under developed countries.  In countries like India, women’s position is not as strong as men both economically and socially and she faces more constraints than men. They cannot relocate easily. Women in rural areas have to manage multiple activities like maintaining home, making food, arranging water etc. and they are working in farms also. So, they are living hard life. All the activities performed by rural women is essential for the well-being of the rural households, still they are not defined as ‘economically active employment’ in national accounts. In India, 24 percent to total workers work as female cultivators and 41.1 percent to total workers work as female agricultural labourers. Past studies also relieved that because of less education, unawareness about the laws, poverty and gender discrimination, women workers face many problems. Also, few studies show that in some parts of the nation women workers are being paid less than the male workers. This Paper reviews past research studies to highlight the role and position of women workers in agricultural sector. 
Comparison of Ultrasound and MRI for the Diagnosis of Glenohumeral Dysplasia in Brachial Plexus Birth Palsy
Authors: Donohue Kenneth W. , Little Kevin J. , Gaughan John P. , Kozin Scott H. , Norton Brian D. , Zlotolow Dan A.
Published: January 2017

Background:

In this study, we investigated the agreement between measurements made on ultrasound and those made on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in the assessment of glenohumeral dysplasia resulting from brachial plexus birth palsy.

Methods:

Thirty-nine patients (14 male and 25 female) with brachial plexus birth palsy were evaluated at 2 tertiary care centers. All patients underwent ultrasonography and MRI for suspected glenohumeral dysplasia. Studies were obtained at an average of 2 months apart (range, 0 to 6 months). The average patient age at the time of the initial imaging study was 20 months (range, 4 to 54 months). Four blinded independent evaluators measured the alpha angle, the posterior humeral head displacement (PHHD), and glenoid version on both the ultrasound and MRI study for each patient. The percentage of the humeral head anterior to the scapular axis (PHHA) was determined on MRI only. Measurements were obtained on OsiriX software (Pixmeo). Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) were used to assess the intrarater and interrater reliability, and Bland-Altman plots were used to compare MRI and ultrasound measurement agreement.

Results:

We found excellent interrater reliability for measurements of the alpha angle on MRI, glenoid version on MRI, and the alpha angle on ultrasound (ICC: 0.83, 0.75, and 0.78, respectively). The interrater reliability for the PHHD on both MRI and ultrasound was good (ICC: 0.70 and 0.68, respectively), and the interrater reliability for the PHHA on MRI was fair (ICC: 0.57). However, the interrater reliability for glenoid version on ultrasound was poor (ICC: 0.30). Relative to MRI measurements, ultrasound measurements were found to underestimate the alpha angle and glenoid version by an average of 13° ± 23° and 6° ± 17°, respectively, and overestimate the PHHD by an average of 4% ± 20%. Increasing patient age corresponded with a significant increase in the MRI-ultrasound measurement difference for the alpha angle (p < 0.01) and a marginally significant increase in the difference for the PHHD (p < 0.06).

Conclusions:

Measurements on MRI and ultrasound were reliable, with measured bias. The poor agreement between measurements on MRI and ultrasound calls into question the validity of using ultrasonography as a stand-alone modality in the evaluation of glenohumeral dysplasia. MRI remains the gold standard for fully evaluating the glenohumeral joint. The clinical role of ultrasonography may be that of a screening tool or a way of evaluating joint reduction in real time.

Level of Evidence:

Diagnostic Level I. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Low-Dose Aspirin Is Effective Chemoprophylaxis Against Clinically Important Venous Thromboembolism Following Total Joint Arthroplasty
Authors: Parvizi Javad , Huang Ronald , Restrepo Camilo , Chen Antonia F. , Austin Matthew S. , Hozack William J. , Lonner Jess H.
Published: January 2017

Background:

Aspirin is a safe and effective prophylaxis for the prevention of venous thromboembolism following total joint arthroplasty. The optimal dose of aspirin prophylaxis is unknown. Our hypothesis was that lower-dose aspirin is as effective as higher-dose aspirin for the prevention of venous thromboembolism and is associated with fewer gastrointestinal side effects.

Methods:

In a prospective, crossover study, we analyzed 4,651 primary total joint arthroplasty cases performed from July 2013 to June 2015. For 4 weeks, 3,192 patients received enteric-coated 325-mg aspirin twice daily (the 325-mg aspirin group) and 1,459 patients received 81-mg aspirin twice daily (the 81-mg aspirin group). There were no significant differences (p > 0.05) in sex, body mass index, or Charlson Comorbidity Index between the two patient populations. Recorded complications occurring within 90 days postoperatively included symptomatic venous thromboembolism (deep venous thrombosis and pulmonary embolism), gastrointestinal complications, acute periprosthetic joint infection, and death.

Results:

The incidence of venous thromboembolism of 0.1% (95% confidence interval [CI], 0% to 0.3%) in the 81-mg aspirin group (1 with deep venous thrombosis and 1 with pulmonary embolism) was not significantly different (p = 0.345) from 0.3% (95% CI, 0.1% to 0.6%) in the 325-mg aspirin group (7 with deep venous thrombosis and 5 with pulmonary embolism). The incidence of gastrointestinal bleeding or ulceration of 0.3% (95% CI, 0% to 0.5%) in the 81-mg aspirin group was slightly, but not significantly (p = 0.66), lower than the 0.4% (95% CI, 0.2% to 0.6%) in the 325-mg aspirin group. The incidence of acute periprosthetic joint infection was 0.2% (95% CI, 0% to 0.4%) in the 81-mg aspirin group compared with 0.5% (95% CI, 0.2% to 0.7%) in the 325-mg aspirin group (p = 0.28). The 90-day mortality rate was similar in both groups at 0.1% (95% CI, 0% to 0.2%) in the 81-mg aspirin group and 0.1% (95% CI, 0% to 0.2%) in the 325-mg aspirin group (p = 0.78).

Conclusions:

Our study demonstrates that low-dose aspirin is not inferior to high-dose aspirin for venous thromboembolism prophylaxis following total joint arthroplasty. This is not unexpected, as the available literature demonstrates that low-dose aspirin is as effective as higher-dose aspirin in the prevention of acute coronary syndrome and cerebrovascular events.

Level of Evidence:

TherapeuticLevel II. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Characterizing the Propionibacterium Load in Revision Shoulder Arthroplasty
Authors: Ahsan Zahab S. , Somerson Jeremy S. , Matsen Frederick A.
Published: January 2017

Background:

Propionibacterium is commonly recovered from explants or surrounding tissues in revision shoulder arthroplasty. Rather than attempting to differentiate a true infection from a false-positive result on the basis of the number of positive cultures, we characterized the amount of these bacteria in each specimen and shoulder.

Methods:

The study included 137 revision shoulder arthroplasties from which a minimum of 4 specimens had been submitted for culture and at least 1 was positive for Propionibacterium. Standard microbiology procedures were used to assign a semiquantitative value (0.1, 1, 2, 3, or 4), called theSpecimen Propi Value,to the amount of growth in each specimen. The sum of the Specimen Propi Values for each shoulder was defined as the Shoulder Propi Score, which was then divided by the total number of specimens to calculate the Average Shoulder Propi Score.

Results:

The number and percentage of positive specimen-specific cultures (of material obtained from the stem explant, head explant, glenoid explant, humeral membrane, collar membrane, other soft tissue, fluid, or other) per shoulder ranged from 1 to 6 and 14% to 100%. A high percentage of specimens (mean, 43%; median, 50%) from the culture-positive shoulders showed no growth. Only 32.6% of the fluid cultures were positive in comparison with 66.5% of the soft-tissue cultures and 55.6% of the cultures of explant specimens. The average Specimen Propi Value (and standard deviation) for fluid specimens (0.35 ± 0.89) was significantly lower than those for the soft-tissue (0.92 ± 1.50) and explant (0.66 ± 0.90) specimens (p < 0.001). The Shoulder Propi Score was significantly higher in men (3.56 ± 3.74) than in women (1.22 ± 3.11) (p < 0.001). Similarly, men had a significantly higher Average Shoulder Propi Score (0.53 ± 0.51) than women (0.19 ± 0.43) (p < 0.001).

Conclusions:

This investigation suggests that Propionibacterium is unevenly distributed within culture-positive revised shoulders. As a result, the specimen number and source (explant, soft tissue, or fluid) have major influences on the culture results for a revised shoulder arthroplasty. We found no evidence that suggested useful threshold values for defining a true infection.

Level of Evidence:

DiagnosticLevel III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
CENTRAL BANK POLICY MIX: KEY CONCEPTS AND INDONESIA’S EXPERIENCE
Authors: Warjiyo Perry
Published: January 2017

The global crisis brings about renewed reforms on central bank policy. First, in addition to the traditional mandate of price stability, there are strong supports for additional mandate of the central bank to promote financial system stability. Second, macroprudential policy is needed to address procyclicality and build-up systemic risks in the macro-financial linkages of financial system that in most cases precede and deepen financial crisis. Third, monetary and financial stability are also prone to volatility of capital flows, especially for the emerging countries, and thus there is a need to manage them. The challenge is how to mix the policies of monetary, macroprudential, and capital flows management to meet the renewed mandate of central bank on monetary and financial stability. This paper reviews theoretical underpinnings and provides key concepts to address the issues. We show that central bank policy mix is both conceptually coherent and practically implementable. We provide a concrete recommendation with a reference from Indonesia’s experience since 2010. We also raise a number of challenges from practical point of views, especially relating to decision making process, forecasting model, and communication, for the success of the policy mix.
Design of fine-bubble aeration systems for municipal WWTPs with high sea salt concentrations
Authors: Sander S. , Behnisch J. , Wagner M.
Published: January 2017

The impact of sea salt on the aeration coefficient kLa of fine-bubble aeration systems was investigated in clean water and in a model substance for simulating activated sludge. The investigations were carried out at laboratory and pilot scale. Sea salt was dosed in the form of artificial seawater, real seawater or simplified, by adding NaCl. The investigated media showed an increase of kLa with rising sea salt concentrations up to 10 g/L. The ratio between kLa and sea salt concentration is impaired by the air flow rate and the type of applied diffusers. Literature data show that the favourable effect of sea salt on kLa can also be found in the activated sludge of conventional municipal wastewater treatment plants. The results of this study allow the derivation of salt correction equations to be used in the design of fine-bubble aeration systems for taking into account the favourable impact of sea salt on kLa. By that means, a more precise design of respective systems will be enabled.
Prawo powszechne, tor pospolity Kilka uwag do interpretacji Trenu XIX Jana Kochanowskiego
Authors: Czechowicz Agnieszka
Published: January 2017

Artykuł podejmuje problematykę Trenu XIX Jana Kochanowskiego.
Narracja w Historii Ignacego Krasickiego
Authors: Leszczyńska Klara
Published: January 2017

Artykuł podejmuje problematykę sposobów prowadzenia narracji w "Historii" Ignacego Krasickiego.
IWASZKIEWICZ „ROZDWOJONY W SOBIE”
Authors: Mitzner Piotr
Published: January 2017

Artykuł podejmuje problematykę religijności Jarosława Iwaszkiewicza na podstawie jego dzienników i listów.
Afryka w oczach Polaków
Authors: Stolarek Joanna
Published: January 2017

Recenzja książki Haliny Witek "Wizerunek obcego. Kultury afrykańskie w relacjach Henryka Sienkiewicza, Mariana Brandysa i Marcina Kydryńskiego"
Verőce – powrót do węgierskiego okresu w życiu Stanisława Vincenza
Authors: Malowaniec Tomasz
Published: January 2017

Omówienie węgierskiego okresu biografii Stanisława Vincenza.
SPOKOJNY SEN KLITAJMESTRY ALBO CZEGO „BRAK” W EURYPIDESOWEJ „ELEKTRZE"
Authors: Komorowska Joanna
Published: January 2017

Peaceful dream of Clytemnestra, or what is missing in Euripides’ Electra Clytemnestra’s dream features as an important element of the vengeance dramas of both Aeschylus and Sophocles: still, is remains absent from the Euripidean version. This short essay sketches the possible implications of such an ‘omission’, while simultaneously highlighting the highly contrasting implications of the dream in the Choephorae and in the Sophoclean Electra.
SEKS I PRZEMOC MAŁŻEŃSTWO W TRAGEDIACH EURYPIDESA
Authors: Spieralska Beata
Published: January 2017

Sex and violence. Marriage in Euripides’ tragedies In ancient Athens, marriage was an event which from today’s perspective is linked with the notion of violence, even if the then living people would not have defined it in this way. From their perspective, it was obvious that the woman who was getting married was not the subject of the marital contract. Euripides tragedies, far from being a manifesto in the defence of women’s fate (it would be a complete anachronism to ascribe such motivations to the dramatist) show very frequently, however, women as victims of male disloyalty. Such heroines as Iphigenia, Alcestis or Medea appear to be more faithful to the marital contract than their husbands. To a modern reader, they may constitute a source of knowledge on the ancient Athenian institution of marriage. At the same time we have to keep in mind that caution should be exercised: tragedy is not an historiographic work, but primarily a literary fiction, set in reality, but also going beyond it. What can be, to some extent, an historical source is simultaneously – and maybe even more – an artistic creation. It allows us not only to learn about the reality of the epoch, but also admire the art with which the artist undertakes vital social issues.
„MOWA DO MŁODYCH” ŚW. BAZYLEGO WIELKIEGO WSPÓŁCZESNE PRÓBY OCENY, INTERPRETACJE ORAZ INSPIRACJE ZAWARTYCH W N
Authors: Szablewska Elżbieta
Published: January 2017

St. Basil’s Address to Young Men.Modern evaluations and interpretations of its pedagogical concepts St Basil’s famous Address to Young Men, on How They Might Derive Benefit from Greek Literature from the time of late antiquity through the Byzantine period up to the modern times has attracted the attention of successive generations of moralists and scholars of different types. While in the Byzantine era and later in Renaissance Europe the treatise was highly estimated for its appreciation for the classical Greek tradition, nowadays the issue of the general meaning of St Basil’s essay is still under discussion. There are still many questions pertinent to this text, e.g. the issue of date and addressees, that can raise doubts among many scholars. Besides, the issue on where to find the source of inspiration for his pedagogical ideas is also a matter of profound importance. The close examination of the treatise done in recent times, first an foremost, by M. Naldini and A. Pastorino reveals that this essay (written probably in the years of his episcopate) can be derived from the spirit of Origen’s paideia.
Późnoantyczna "Echtheitskritik" w ujęciu Sympliciusza Commentaria In Galeni "De Secits" (Pocz. VI W.)
Authors: Mejor Mieczysław
Published: January 2017

Artykuł podejmuje problematykę późnoantycznej "Echtheitskritik" w ujęciu Sympliciusza Commentaria In Galeni "De Secits" (Pocz. VI W.)
Historia literatury w objęciach Darwina?
Authors: Skórczewski Dariusz
Published: January 2017

History of literature held in darwin’s embrace? The paper adumbrates Joseph Carroll’s evolutionist literary theory positioning it against the developments in literary studies and humanities after postmodernism. The author discusses the ambivalence present in Carroll’s neo-darwinian project, its possible power to revert the decline of literary studies through a return to tangibility and certainty after the dominance of postmodern speculative theories, but also its reductionist and anti-axiological- stance being a peril to the advancement of literary studies. The paper invites further discussion on the prospects of trans-disciplinary alliance between humanities and biological sciences in relation to the aesthetic specificity of literature.
Motywy oczu, ślepoty i światła w późnej twórczości Czesława Miłosza
Authors: Dobrzyńska Teresa
Published: January 2017

The subject of the examination here is a late period of Miłosz’sliterary output (volumes: „Druga przestrzeń” and „Wiersze ostatnie”). While discussing the motif of eyes, blindness and light the author brings up a general and serious problem of the poet’s vision in his final poems: he uses this theme in existential and metaphysical contexts.
Wat w Polsce powojennej. Tezy
Authors: Pietrych Piotr
Published: January 2017

Wat in postwar Poland. Theses A postwar period (1946–1953) in Wat’s literary output is usually omitted by the critics (exceptions are Venclova and Ritz). Difficulties in making comments on this period perhaps stem from that which does not usually fit what critics write about Wat (for instance, that fact that since his arrival from Kazakhstan he was a confirmed anticommunist) and what he published then. A puzzling is the presence in Wat’s works (e.g. in Antyzoil) unanimous declarations of the support for the postwar political order. However, when Wat followed some voice of disagreement, it sounded silent, unconvincing (criticism of the project of realism in literature). A positive involvement in Polish reality at that time was certainly connected with Wat’s personal experiences who, having arrived from his wandering from the Soviet Union to Poland, felt it as “paradise” (this is the name he referred to Poland in Mój wiek [My Century]), seemed not to perceive that it was only a “sham” of paradise. Besides, Wat wanted to participate in Polish cultural life, especially because in postwar years he started to feel literary unfulfilment and a strong need to return to writing. A particularly meaningful example in this context is Wat’s unsuccessful drama of Kobiety z Monte Olivetto [Women from Monte Olivetto] – the writing of which was for the poet the act of desperation and it created a paradox: wanting to participate in postwar literary life in Poland, Wat decided to “collaborate with Social Realism” (Zdzisław Łapiński’s definition), in order to achieve his goal.