bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Knowledge Among Women at Reproductive Age About Intrauterine Device in Baquba City
Authors: Sahar Qasim Saee  , Shahab Ahmed Shakir  , Raakad Kamel Saadi
Published: March 2021

Background: The intrauterine device (IUD) is the most popular form of reversible long-acting contraceptionin the world which is inserted into a woman›s uterus to prevent pregnancy.Objectives: To study knowledge among women at reproductive age about intrauterine device in baqubacity. Subjects and Method: a cross-sectional study was conducting among women at reproductive age whoattended outpatient clinics of Al-Batool Teaching Hospital in Baquba City from the period of the 1st ofJanuary to the 30th of June 2020.Results: Among 900 women who included in this study, with mean age about 32.2±8 years old, about77.1% of women respondents had poor knowledge about this method of birth control. The knowledge scorewas affected significantly by level of education, age, residency, occupation, years of marriage, number ofparity as well as the use of IUD. The main source of information is friends and relatives who represent about93.3% and a limited role of health care providers. This may cause negative beliefs as well as many mythsand rumors about IUD. Conclusion: in this study women were unaware about the basic knowledge of IUDs.
Pathological and Immunohistochemical Assessment of Salmonellatyphimurium Pathogenicity During Oral Experimental Infection in Mice
Authors: Basim M. Jwad  , Majid Mohammed Mahmood  , Ameer Hatem Abd ALameer
Published: March 2021

Salmonella typhimurium is a Gram-negative zoonotic bacterium which causes a wide range of illnesses to both humans and animals. The aim of this research is to study the pathogenicity of S. typhimurium in vivo. A total of 40 adult white BALB/c mice were divided into 5 groups (8 animals each). Four groups were orally dosed by viable S. typhimurium (1 X 109 cfu/ml) suspended in phosphate buffer saline (PBS) by a stomach tube, while the fifth group was given PBS orally only (control group). Four mice were killed at 7, 12, 24, 48 hours after giving the infective dose plus one mouse from the control group. In addition, sera were collected after 2 weeks from animals of each group to detect the titer of antibodies. The viability of S. typhimurium was checked by culturing on SS agar after mice death. Slides were prepared for histopathological examination (to assess the lesions) and immuno-histochemistry (to detect cytotoxic T cells in the affected organs). The results included bacterial isolation from duodenum, jejunum, ileum and liver which were positive from the infected groups. Histopathological examination showed hepatic granulomatous lesions with severe infiltration of mononuclear cells (MNCs) in the liver parenchyma and within small intestine. Finally, to detect cytotoxic T cells in the slides, immunohistochemistry showed presence of CD8 T cells in the hepatic cells. Titers of antibodies were measured by ELISA where IgG antibodies were detected. The conclusion of this study could be summarized by addressing the severity of infection after 12 hours of oral dosing in the stomach while severe lesions were seen in the liver after 48 hours of oral administration.
Assessment of Diabetes Health Promotion Behaviors for Clients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus at Diabetic Center in Al-Diwaniya City
Authors: Haider Fahim Shafeea  , Arkan Bahlol Naji
Published: March 2021

Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a significant worldwide medical issue that causes high human,social, and financial expenses on nations at all pay levels. The constant hyperglycemia of diabetes is relatedto long-term damage, brokenness, and disappointment of different organs, particularly of the eyes, kidneys,nerves, heart, and blood vessels.Method: A descriptive correlational design is used in this study which aims to measure health-relatedexperiences and lifestyle behaviors for clients with type 2 diabetes for the period from (1st October 2019 to27th August 2020). The study included a convenience sample of 358 clients with type 2 diabetes mellituswho were recruited from Al-Diwaniya Teaching Hospital at Diabetes and Endocrine Center.Data were collected using a self-report study instrument that includes the socio-demographic sheet, thehealth profile, and the Type 2 Diabetes and Health Promotion Scale. The data were analyzed using StatisticalPackage for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 26 using the frequency, percent, arithmetic mean, standarddeviation, Pearson correlation, Independent-sample t-test, and one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA).The study results displayed that most of participants reported poor Physical Activity level (n = 266; 74.3%),more than two-fifth reported good Risk Reduction level (n = 148; 41.3%), less than two-fifth reportedgood Stress Management level (n = 134; 37.4%), less than two-fifth reported fair Healthy Diet level (n= 135; 37.7%), more than two-fifth reported good overall behavior (n = 193; 53.9%). Furthermore, thereare statistically significant inverse correlations between participants’ age and their Physical Activity, RiskReduction, Stress Management, Enjoying Life, and overall behavior.Conclusion: The researcher concluded that the younger the clients, the poorer the Physical Activity, RiskReduction, Stress Management, Enjoying Life, and overall behavior; the older the client, the better theHealth Responsibility; the better socioeconomic status, the better the Physical Activity, Risk Reduction,Stress Management, Enjoying Life, and overall behavior.
Factors Related to Problem Drinking in Korean Elderly
Authors: Jeongmin Ha  , Dahye Park
Published: March 2021

Background/Objectives: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the prevalence and related risk factors ofproblem drinking in the Korean elderly population.Method/Statistical Analysis: Participants (n=817) aged 65 years or older were selected from the KoreaNational Health and Nutrition Examination Survey [KNHANES] of 2018. Sociodemographic characteristicsand AUDIT-C score were obtained from the KNHANES dataset. AUDIT-C scores were categorized into twogroups, including low risk, high-risk alcohol drinking according to WHO guidelines. Data analysis wasperformed using SPSS WIN 25.0 program.Findings: In this study, the prevalence of high-risk alcohol drinking was 31.9%, respectively. Adjustedmean AUDIT score was higher in men, younger elderly individuals, as well as those with lower educationlevels and those that smoked. Results revealed that demographic variables, including sex, age, educationlevel, and smoking, were important factors affected high-risk drinking. In particular, since family numberand smoking were the most significant risk factor, the odds ratio for high-risk drinking among participantsthat smoked was 2.49 [(95% confidence interval (CI)=1.31-4.71)].Improvements/Applications: This study suggests that men, younger age, low educational level, andsmoking are the risk factors for a high-risk alcohol drinking
Mapping Analysis Distribution of Microplascticat the Tallo River in Macassart
Authors: Alfina Baharuddin  , Muhammad Ikhtiar  , A. Rizki Syamsul Bahri
Published: March 2021

This aims of the study to identify spatial microsplastic pollution sediments in the Tallo River Makassar City. This type of research is descriptive observational. This research design uses a Geographical Information System (GIS) Statistical analysis using the average abundance of microplastics is presented in tables and graphs, then analyzed descriptively quantitatively at each station. Data showing the mean ± standard deviation were analyzed using SPSS software. Based on the results of research that has been done, the number of microplastics found in the sediments in the Tallo River is 289. The highest microplastic size found in the Tallo River sediments is 1.00-4.75 mm as much as 167 MP (58%) with an average abundance of 18, 56 ± 30,875 MP/kg. Followed by a size of <1 mm as much as 112 MP (39%) with an average abundance of microplastics 12.44 ± 17.686 MP/kg and sizes> 4.75 mm as much as 10 MP (3%) with an average abundance of microplastics 1.11 ± 2,315 MP/kg.
COVID-19 Infection and its Relation to Preterm Delivery in Pregnant Women
Authors: Mohammed Ismael Dawood  , Rasha Shakir  , Mohanned H. Alwan
Published: March 2021

The study aims to find the relationship between COVID-19 virus infections and early births in womeninfected with this virus in of Al-Fallujah city. The prospective study was conducted in Al-Fallujah cityduring the period between February 1, 2020, and September 1, 2020, at Al-Fallujah Teaching Hospital.Through the study, 100 pregnant women were received, complaining of Covid-19 infections, which werediagnosed in Al-Fallujah, and now Real Time PCR was confirmed through nasopharyngeal swabs that weretaken from Al-Fallujah Teaching Hospital. The study also included measuring the level of blood pressure,sugar andC-RP in those women during the fifth to eight week, where we were infected, and then in the 12thweek of pregnancy took place, where communication was made, and a level was measured, and as a result,these women whocompleted the period with a pre-term labor, miscarriagebefore the 24th week of pregnancyor those completed the period with successful pregnancy. In this study, 33% of COVID-19 pregnant womenwere within the age group 24-30 years followed by 30% in the age group 31-38 year. In this study, 10 % ofCOVID-19 pregnant women suffer from hypertension, 13% were with Diabetes, 35% with UTI while 70%were suffered from fever.When reaching 24th week of pregnancy, and as shown in Table 3. The study showedthat 40% COVID-19 pregnant women experienced completed the period with a pre-term labor, 10% waswith miscarriagebefore the 24thweek of pregnancy, while 50% of them completed the period continued thepregnancy. In this study, 82.5 % of COVID-19 pregnant women with preterm labor were suffered previouslyfrom fever comparing with 55% of COVID-19 pregnant women without preterm labor. The study showed thehighest mean of C-reactive protein was present COVID-19 pregnant women with preterm labor (22.5±2.14mg/ml), fan lowest mean was in women who without preterm labor (14.6±2.11 mg/ml) (P<0.01).Conclusions: The study showed a significant relation ofCOVID-19 infection with pregnant women whopre-term labor especially who have high body temperature.
Screening for Cervical Polyp among Women Attending SalahAldin General Hospital
Authors: Atyaf A. Hameed  , Nabella K. Yakoob  , Marwa Thair Abass
Published: March 2021

Background: Cervical polyps are the commonest cervicallesions, affecting up to 10% of women, witha reported recurrence rate of 6.2%, they arise from the endocervical canal or, less frequently, from theectocervix, and vary in size from 5 mm to 50 mm. Symptomatic polyps are significantly more frequent inthe premenopausal women, while asymptomatic polyps are significantly more common in post-menopausalwomen.Aim of the Study: Screening for cervical polyps among women attending Salah-Aldin general hospital.Patients and Method: A cross sectional study conducted in outpatients clinic and obstetrical ward in SalahEl-Din general hospital at the period from the 1st of March 2018 to the end of August 2018. Simple randomsample of (200) women in different ages were included.Results: 200 women were enrolled in this study with the mean age of them were (27.30±6.8 years),the BMImean of the patients with polyp was (30.2±2.1),4(40%) in age group between 26-35years. Patients withpolyps have ? 1 parity 9(9%) and 1(10%) in nulliparous.Conclusion: The frequency of cervical polyp was 5% with no relation to the age, and 60% of the patientswere healed.
Knowledge, Attitude and Practice of Periodic Screening of Diabetes Mellitus among Teachers in Tikrit City in Iraq
Authors: Mayada Kamel Mohammed  , Maysaloon Ahmed Khudhair  , Nisreen Mohammed Ibraheem  , Afnan Alaa Abdul Rahman  , Aya Hussein Saher  , Fatin Aaffaa Aldeen Kasim
Published: March 2021

Background: One of the most prevalent chronic diseases isDiabetes mellitus that have adverse effect on thehealth, and the goal today being placed on disease prevention, controlling and screening.Aim: To assess knowledge,attitude and Practice of periodic screening of DM among teachers in Tikrit city.Subject and Method: The study is a cross-sectional study that had conducted from 1st of November 2018until 30 of March 2019 on teachers in Tikrit city primary and secondary school using a questionnaire.Results: The knowledge regarding the diabetes and its screening a 24% were good and 46% were acceptedregarding the disease symptoms and about its control 84% mention that diet modification is the best way thenexercise and medication in lower percent while regarding complications 68% (much of them) knowledgewere bad, About the importance of periodic screening the great percentage was yes.Conclusion: There was 93.3% who have knowledge about diabetes mellitus screening among schoolteachers. Teacher’s method for controlling diabetes mostly are diet modifications 84% then exercise 42.5%.
Anesthetic Potency of Ketamine in Caspian Terrapin, Freshwater Soft Shell Tortoise and Rat Snake Collected from Bahar Al Najaf District, Al-Najaf Province
Authors: Ayad N.D. Alhakim
Published: March 2021

The study was carried out during April 2012. Twelve Caspian terrapins,twelve freshwater soft-shell turtlesand 6 rat snakes were collected from Baher Al-Najaf by professional reptiles collectors from Al-Rafidinassociation for hunting and environment protection, the present study include 3 separated experiments . Theterrapins placed in 6 glass aquariums (couple per aquariums) the maintenance conditions controlled afteradaptation for one week, all terrapins distributed equally into 3 groups. The animals of group 1, 2 and 3 wereinjected intramuscularly with 40,60 and 80 mg ketamine .The anesthetic levels were assessed. Freshwatersoft-shell turtles experiment, this experiment was same to previous experiment. The rat snakes placed in 2plastic containers distributed into 2 groups, the maintenance conditions .The snake of 1.2-and3 group wereinjected with 40, 60 and 80 mg/kg intramuscularly. The anesthetic levels were assessed. We note in Table 1that when ketamine was injected at a dose of 40, 60 and 80 mg/kg of body weight, the minimum onset timefor doses was (15,7,5), while the most time was (17, 10, 5) respectively. While we noticed the minimuma loss of the right reflex, deep anesthesia, recovery right reflex and completed recovery was (21,12,8),(47,58,76), (87,120,140) and (18,24,64) . We note in Table 3 that when ketamine was injected at a dose of40, 60 and 80 mg/kg of body weight, the minimum onset time for doses was (4,4,3), while the most time was(12, 5, 5) respectively. While we noticed the minimum a loss of the right reflex, deep anesthesia, recoveryright reflex and completed recovery was (8,4,5), (50,40,74),(290,260,290) and (62,70,70) .Therefore, thebest dose is 80 mg/kg for Caspian terrapin, while for freshwater soft shell tortoise it is 80 mg/kg. As for ratsnake, the ketamine dose of 80 mg/kg of body weight was the best according to the study.
Diagnostic Value of Thyroid Cytology: A Meta-analysis
Authors: Aiad Abdullah Abdulrazak
Published: March 2021

Objective: Thyroid disorders are the most common endocrine disorders worldwide (4-7% of population).Excision of all thyroid lesions is impractical. For rapid diagnosis, Fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC)is simple, safe, rapid diagnostic procedure. However, indeterminate cases were reported occasionally wherethe patient cannot be confidently assigned to a manageable category.Aim: We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of FNAC inthyroid lesions and the correlation between cytological and histopathological diagnosis.Method: A literature search of published studies was conducted using Medline/PubMed, reasearchgate,Scielo (scientific electronic library online), and Google Scholar as international databases, and IVSL (IraqiVirtual Science Library) and IASJ (Iraqi Academic Scientific Journals) as national databases.Results: A total of 24 studies are analyzed. The median sample size of the studies included was 100 (range,(20?23)5). The sensitivity and specificity ranged from 0.38 to 0.98 (pooled sensitivity: 0.81; 95% confidenceinterval (CI), 0.78?0.83) and from 0.47 to 1.00 (pooled specificity: 0.93; 95% CI, 0.92?0.94), respectively.By SROC curve, the Q-value was 0.883 and the area under the curve (AUC) was 0.945, indicating a highlevel of overall accuracy.Conclusion: The recognized accuracy of FNAC in detecting thyroid cancers is applicable only to papillarycarcinoma and not to other malignancies. Moreover, FNAC should be considered as a screening rather thandiagnostic tool for follicular lesions. Thus, FNAC helps to orientate patient management rather than toprovide final definitive diagnosis.
Received and Perceived Status of Health Management Information System (HMIS) Software: A Structural Equation Model (SEM) Approach
Authors: C. Sriram  , V. Mohanasundaram
Published: March 2021

More thansupply the demand for health care usually determines the design of public health services. This ismore so when technological developments, including that of information and communication technologies,pierce through the process of utilization of any service by the public. Although prior research papers havefocused on the factors that impact on the adoptionof information technology, there are limited empiricalresearch works that simultaneouslycapture technology factors (TAM, TAM2) and end-user developmentspecific factors (perceived technology usage and intention to recommend) helping healthcare professionalsto adopt Health Management Information System (HMIS) software in the healthcare environment. To fill thisgap, the present paper used the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM), the extended TAM model (TAM2)and identified the important determinants of user acceptance perceived risk and trust. This is specificallyundertaken in order to describe ESIChealthcare professionals behavioral intention to adopt HMIS softwareservices. The study was conducted in the Employees’ State Insurance Corporation (ESIC) main hospitaland dispensaries in the Tirunelveli sub-region. The required data were collected from 171 ESIC healthcareprofessionals in the Tirunelveli sub-region. AStructural Equation Model (SEM) approach was used.Convergence anddivergence with earlier findings were found, confirming that Perceived Usefulness (PU),Perceived Ease of Use (PEOU), social influence, facilitating conditions and training hadsignificant influenceon the intention of healthcare professionals to adopt HMIS software. The study provideda basis for furtherrefinement of technology adoption model.Improvingperceived usefulness factor (perceived long-termusefulness) may turn healthcare professionals towards adoption of HMIS
Visa Regulation of Indonesian Migrant Worker Based on Immigration Control Act of Japan, 2018
Authors: Darminto Hartono  , Lapon Tukan Leonard
Published: March 2021

Japan as a developed country needs a lot of productive labor to fulfill its human resources needs. With therevised Immigration Act of 2018, Japan has opened up to accept many migrant workers, one of whom isIndonesian migrant worker who can fulfill these needs. The purpose of this research is to find out the form ofvisa regulation for Indonesian migrant workers in Japan based on the provisions of the Japan Immigration Act2018 and to know the efforts of the Indonesian Government can make in implementing the visa regulationsto facilitate Indonesian migrant workers who will work in Japan.
Results of Renogram and eGFRin Assessing Kidney Function of Chronic Kidney Disease Patients
Authors: Desery Randanan Pakiding  , Sugiarto Suwito  , Hari Basuki Notobroto
Published: March 2021

Background: The ability to assess kidney function properly has important health implications. Glomerularfiltration rate (GFR) is still accepted as the best measurement index of kidney function. The formula of theModified of Diet in Renal Disease (MDRD) is currently widely used by the medical community to estimateGFR (estimated GFR or eGFR). The renogram with radiofarmaka I131-Hippuran is considered to have aninherent accuracy of inulin cliren as the gold standard of GFR measurement.Objective: To determine the description of renogram and eGFR’s results in assessing kidney function ofCKD patients.Method: This study was a retrospective observational that used medical records from 113 CKD patientsundergone renogram examination at Dr. Soetomo General Hospital Surabaya in 2012. eGFR was calculatedbased on the serum creatinine, age, and sex of the patient. Data of renogram and eGFR examination werepresented descriptively.Results: We obtained male of 63% and female of 37% with age range between 20-69 years. The highestpercentage in the age range of 50-59 years. The CKD cases in this study were mostly caused by urinary tractstones of 44%. The most common renogram results were 2 kidney failure by 48% and the highest eGFR was<15 ml/min/1.73m2 score of 73%.Conclusion: There were no normal results of renogram or eGFR. The most renogram results with 2 kidneyfailure were found in 48% of all aubjects with eGFR of <15 ml/min/1.73m2.
Evaluation of Depression Symptoms in Students of Dental Medicine
Authors: Dewi Natasya Irawan  , Aryo Dwipo Kusumo  , Muhammad Canino Cahya C  , Nur Nandini Wirawan  , Hashfi Hilman1 , Disti Ayulita  , Disti Ayulita
Published: March 2021

Background: Mental illness that is often found in daily life is depression. Not many people know thatdepression is a medical condition with real symptoms. Many factors can trigger psychological illnessesamong students such as adjustment to the new school environment, information overload, lack of free time,financial issues, family-related issues and the competition for higher grades.Purpose: The authors are interested in discussing the evaluation of depressive symptoms among UniversitasAirlangga Faculty of Dental Medicine students.Method: The research design that will be used in this research is descriptive with a research instrument inthe form of a questionnaire. The author chose this method because the author want to know the prevalenceof students with major depressive disorder in Universitas Airlangga Faculty of Dental Medicine.Result: The results of this study shows that 34% were in normal condition, 21% experienced mild mooddisorders, 11% experienced borderline clinical depression, 28% experienced moderate depression and asmany as 6% experienced severe depression.Conclusion: Based on the results of the study, it can be concluded that the majority of Universitas AirlanggaFaculty of Dental Medicine students experience mild mood disorders or mild depression.
Successfully Tracheostomy and Monobloc Advancement with External Frontofacial Distraction Followed by Simultaneous Adenoidectomy, Conchotomy, and Septoplasty in Severe Late Crouzon Syndrome
Authors: Diar Mia Ardani  , Magda Rosalina Hutagalung  , Irwan Kristyono
Published: March 2021

A 10-year-old male patient presented with Severe Late Crouzon Syndrome, with turri-brachycephaly, andsevere exorbitism of both eyes, visual loss, beaked nose and maxilla hypoplasia. The head circumference was54 cm and 90 precentile. Patient had a high arched palate, tonsil hypertrophy and type III malocclusion. Fromthe multidisciplinary meeting, in the first stage it was decided to first secure the airway with Tracheostomythen immediately followed by Monobloc Advancement with External Frontofacial Distraction. Then inthe second stage, after removal of the rigid external distractor, by 9 months after first surgery, the patientunderwent a simultaneous procedures of Adenoidectomy, Conchotomy, and Septoplasty. Thus, after patientgot stable in follow-up, Nasendoscopy and Tracheostomy devices was removed. After 11 months follow-up.Visual function still not getting better. However turri-brachycephaly, exorbitism of both eyes, beaked noseand maxilla hypoplasia, head circumference, arched palate, tonsil hypertrophy and the malocclusion weregetting much reduced, and the patient getting happier and more active.
Correlation of Pharyngeal Residue with PenetrationAspiration in Post-Radiotherapy Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Patients with Oropharyngeal Dysphagia
Authors: Dionisia Vidya Paramita  , Sri Herawati Juniati  , Achmad Chusnu Romdhon
Published: March 2021

Background: Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) ranks first for head and neck malignancies, and radiotherapyis a recommended treatment. Most post-radiotherapy NPC patients experience oropharyngeal dysphagia thatresults in pharyngeal residue. Pharyngeal residue is thought to be a risk factor for aspiration-penetration.Objective: Examining the correlation between pharyngeal residue and penetration-aspiration in postradiotherapy NPC patients.Method: Participants have been identified since 2018 to find out the total number of NPC patients. Inthe period January-October 2019, identification of NPC patients was performed according to participantcriteria. Participants were examined for fiberoptic endoscopic evaluation of swallowing (FEES), pharyngealresidue using the Yale Pharyngeal Residue Severity Rating Scale (YPR-SRS), and penetration-aspirationusing Penetration-Aspiration Scale (PAS). Statistical tests were used Spearman correlation test with p<0.05.Results: The highest participant’s pharyngeal residue appeared in vallecula when given soft bolus (96.55%),and in pyriform sinus when given thick liquid bolus (72.41%). Most participants with soft bolus had thehighest negative penetration (72.59%) and positive penetration in thick liquid bolus (51.72%), while mosthad negative aspirations with the lowest value (89.66%). There is aspiration in 10.34% of patients whengiven a dilute liquid. There was a significant correlation between pharyngeal residue in vallecula andpyriform sinus with penetration-aspiration (p<0.05). There was a positive association with the use of softbolus (r=0.623), thick liquid bolus (r=0.631), and dilute liquid bolus (r=0.891).Conclusions: There is a significant association between pharyngeal residue and penetration-aspiration inpost-radiotherapy NPC patients.
Factors Associated with Disaster Response Competency of Nursing Students in Graduation Years
Authors: Do-Young Lee  , Gie-Ok Noh
Published: March 2021

Background: This study was conducted to provide the basis for the disaster nursing curriculum throughgrasping the degree of disaster preparedness attitude and disaster response competency of the senior nursingstudent.Method: Data was collected through a questionnaire for senior nursing students from five universities inSouth Korea. A total of 168 data were analyzed through the IBM SPSS 25.0 program.Finding: Disaster response competency were most strongly predicted by “satisfied” major satisfaction,followed by “average” major satisfaction, “realization of good deeds” motivation, “yes” experience ofdisaster education. The explanatory power by these variables was 19.7%.Conclusion: The results of this study suggested that the experience of disaster education is importantto improve the disaster response competency of nursing students. In preparation for disasters that areunpredictable and lead to serious resource shortages, nursing colleges will have to make efforts to providesufficient education and training.
The Implementation of Hypnobirthing Effect on Pain Relief in the Intrapartum Period at Klinik Pratama Rakyat Hospital Makassar
Authors: Een Kurnaesih  , Nia Karuniawati  , Siti Fatimah Azahrah  , Sundari  , Alfina Baharuddin
Published: March 2021

The pain of childbirth is one of the factors that causes a mother to become anxious even to the point ofdespair, so mothers tend to choose a shortcut to speed up their childbirth, either by requesting an operation,or by taking a remedy to relieve the pain by taking an analgesic drug, whereas pain caused during childbirthis pathological because of the effects of changing uterus that creates pathways or openings.The type of research is experimental quantitative research using Quasi Experimental method, namelyexperimental design with the observation design (measurement pain intensity) before and after treatment(Hypnobirthing treatment) which consists of the two group, namely the intervention group (Hypnobiththing)and the control group. Sampling was taken from June to August 2020 with the number of samplingsintervention group (Hypnobiththing) as many as 20 respondents and the control group as 20 respondents.Data analysis method uses Univariate and Bivariate with t-test using SPSS Computer Program.The results were obtained with the average of pain intensity in childbirth after being given Hypnobiththinghada decrease in pain while the control class was upgraded. The results of statistical test are presented ? valuaby 0.000 at the mistaken rate of (?) 5% or 0,05 (trust 95%) so value is ? < ?. The data indicated that therewas a significant (apparent) of Hypnobiththingtreatment in childbirth relief. The conclusion of this researchwas that there was a significant Hypnobiththing effect on the treatment of childbirth at KlinikPratama RakyatHospital. That was expected for midwife duty at KlinikPratama Rakyat Hospital to adopt the method ofHypnobirthing to assist the mothers with normal childbirth.
The Effect of Family-Based Empowerment on Adolescent’s Nutritional Statusin Tana Toraja
Authors: Erni Yetti R.  , Zadrak Tombeg  , Anto J. Hadi  , Manggabarani Saskiyanto
Published: March 2021

Adolescent’s nutritional status is one of the problems of public health nutrition. Adolescents or teenagersare a group that is sensitive to nutrition which has an impact on increasing the prevalence of degenerativediseases due to excess nutrition. This study aimed to analyze the effect of family-based empowerment onthe teenager’s nutrition status in Tana Toraja. The research design used a quasy-experiment with a pre-testand post-test design with a control group design. It was carried out on 64 overweight students consistingof 32 intervention groups and 32 control groups as well as simple random sampling and data analysisusing Hotelling’s T² test. The results showed that family-based empowerment was significant in reducingoverweight case due to adolescent’s nutritionalstatus against obesity prevention with a value of p = 0.000<0.05. The conclusion of this study is that there is an effect of family-based empowerment on the adolescent’snutritional status in Tana Toraja. It can be a reflection for teenagers who have experienced an overweightnutritional status so they can adopt a healthy diet. This study shall performed further in public nutritionalstatus.
Protection of Public Interests in the Process of the Indonesian Proprietary
Authors: Etty Susilowati  , Paramita Prananingtyas  , M Fauzi
Published: March 2021

Protection of public interests in the bankruptcy process is regulated in the Indonesian Bankruptcy Law.However, the implementation of this provision raises problems both in the concept design of the publicinterest itself and in its protection mechanisms. The bankruptcy law provides at least three concepts ofpublic interest, each of which can be identified with the interests of the wider community as creditors, theinterest in the stability of the financial services sector, and the interests of state finances. The three conceptsof public interest are protected with exclusive and prerogative powers on the regulators and supervisorsas the authority of each field. Such protection mechanisms have so far only blocked the path of creditorsand debtors, and provided immunity to special debtors, as the majority of authorities do not want to filebankruptcy requests and prefer to exercise their public powers.
How Cultural Competency of Community Health Care Providers Reflects Multicultural Education: A Case Study on Nursing Majors
Authors: Eunhyung. Cho
Published: March 2021

In the current global era, multicultural education is a requisite for those who attain higher education, such asnursing majors working in a community with people from a variety of cultural backgrounds. This study aimedto explore the effect of multicultural education by identifying cultural competency (CC) and multiculturalacceptance (MA) among two groups of students and professionals who majored in nursing.A series of surveys was conducted targeting nursing students and clinical professionals. Out of 189participants, data from 98 participants with experience of multicultural education and 91 participants withoutexperience of multicultural education was analyzed. Independent t-tests, correlation tests, and regressionanalysis were conducted to examine the effect of multicultural education, and to identify the correlationbetween CC and MA and the factors influencing them through the comparison of data from each group. Theresults demonstrated two major points. First, multicultural education was shown to enhance CC and MAof the participants. Second, cultural knowledge and cultural experience were important factors influencingMA.These results can be used to provide educational direction regarding cultural competency and multiculturalacceptance, ultimately leading to provision of better healthcare services in multicultural communities.
Common Hemoglobinopathies for Couples Premarital Individual and its Influence on Hemostasis and Immune State
Authors: Fatimah Kadhim Ibrahim AL- Mahdawi  , Noor Nayyef Oudah  , Mazin Razooqi Mohammed
Published: March 2021

Before marriage, couples are screened through a procedure known as premarital screening for differentgenetic, infectious or bloodborne diseases that can be passed from them to their offspring. The aim of ourresearch was to assessment the premarital screening of couples for hemoglobinopathies and undiagnosedcases with suggestive findings of thalassemia or its variants. and evaluation hematology parameters amongcommon Hb hemoglobinopathy. This study contains 228 individuals with hemoglobinopathy, the participantswere couples attending primary health centers for regular premarital inquiries in baquba teaching hospitals,Iraq. ?-thalassemia was enrolled in 3 (1.3%) from all hemoglobinopathy individuals, ?-thalassemia wasenrolled in 255 (98.8 %), which include ?-thalassemia minor in 226 individuals 88.6%, while ? thalassemiaintermediate in 5 individuals 2.2% from all individuals with hemoglobinopathy Figure 1 and 2. Othersthalassemia was recorded 3 Hb-E 1.1%, 1 Hb-S 0.39, 10 Hb-D 3.92, 13Hb-C 5.09. Pre-marital examinationsare important to determine hemoglobinopathy and limit transmission to offspring, as well as blood tests areimportant to identify people with haemoglobinopathy and its influence.
Atrial Fibrillation One of Hidden Causes of Subclinical Stroke: Case-Control Study
Authors: Haider Shaheed Mohammed
Published: March 2021

Background: Silent cerebral infarction is frequently encountered on various imaging modalities of brain inindividuals with atrial fibrillation, its exact relation with atrial fibrillation is still debated.Objectives: The study was carried out to estimate the link between silent cerebral infarcts with atrialfibrillation, both paroxysmal and persistent types.Materials and Method. A random sample of 150 were included in the study, 100 with atrial fibrillation 50case with paroxysmal, 50 case with persistent type, and 50 control, for both cases and control a questionnairewas constructed, physical examination, neurological examination, and magnetic resonance imaging weredone.Results: Mean age was 64.6667. Of the total sample there was 96 males and 54 females. 89 individual of thetotal sample had silent cerebral lesion while 61 had no lesion. Of those who had lesions, 38 individuals hadparoxysmal atrial fibrillation, 41 had persistent atrial fibrillation, and only 10 individuals belong to controlgroup. There was high statistically significant difference between group of cases with atrial fibrillation andgroup of control in sinus rhythm where p value is 0.0001.Conclusion: Both paroxysmal and persistent atrial fibrillation is associated with heightened hazard of silentcerebral infarctions.
Mutans Streptococci Count and Salivary Histatin 5 Level in Relation to Early Childhood Caries
Authors: Heba k. Salman  , Zainab A. Aldhaher
Published: March 2021

Background: ECC is one of the most common chronic infectious diseases of preschool-aged children (3).Mutans Streptococci (MS) is the cheif microorganism that causes ECC Saliva is a significant factor in thedevelopment of teeth decay. Saliva have many innate defense molecules that take part in the protection oforal tissues by either direct antimicrobial effect or interference with microbial colonization. These moleculesinclude antimicrobial peptides AMPs among the main natural antimicrobial proteins of saliva . Salivaryhistatine-5 (HST-5) is one of the protective factors in saliva that possess anti-bacterial properties againstseveral types of oral bacter. This study aimed to measure the viable count of mutans streptococci and salivaryhistatin 5 level in relation to early childhood caries.Materials and Method: Sixty three children with ages of 4-5 years old were enrolled in this study. Theywere divided into two groups; 33 children with severe type of ECC) ategory as the study group and 30 cariesfree child) as the control group. Unstimulated saliva sample were collected for ms count on mitis bacitracinagar and for evaluation of salivary Histatin 5 level.Results: Statistical analysis revealed that M.S. count was higher significantly in study group compared tothan control group and salivary histatin 5 was significantly higher than the control group.
The Prevalence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa among Baghdad Hospitalised Patients
Authors: Heba K. Tawfeeq  , Muthanna Hamid  , Harith Jabbar Fahad Al-Mathkhury
Published: March 2021

In order to determine the prevalence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa among hospitalised patients, 156specimens were collected from hospitalized patients referring Baghdad, Iraq hospitals. Bacterial isolateswere identified using conventional biochemical tests and then identification was confirmed by the locating of16SrRNA. Pseudomonas aeruginosa constitutes 30.05%. In conclusion, the attention should be paid towardthe infections of this opportunistic pathogen.
The Impact of Resistanceand Aerobic Exerciseson Blood Sugar Level in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Apilot Study
Authors: Kapil Upadhyay  , Rituraj Verma  , Taruna Verma
Published: March 2021

Objective: To rule out theimpact of resistanceand aerobic exerciseson sugar level in the blood in type 2diabetes mellitus population.Sample: 10 subjects who have type 2 diabetes mellitus comes under this study.Method: 10 subjects having type 2 diabetes mellitus were taken to control and experimental sets.Experimental set received aerobic and resistance exercise training program as well as medication whilecontrol set received only medication for 4 weeks (6 weeks per day).Results: Paired t-test was used, and it was found that blood sugar was reduced in experimental set and twosample t-test was used to check between the group analyses and between set comparison it was found thatthere was no significant difference detected in sugar level in the blood.Conclusion: It was concluded that resistanceand aerobic exercises are beneficial for lowering the bloodglucose level in type 2 diabetes mellitus population.
H/D Exchange for 4-Aminopyridine: Application on MAO in Sera of Multiple Sclerosis Patients
Authors: Rana Abbas  , Hussein Inayah  , Hanaa Hassan  , Fatin F. Al-Kazzaz
Published: March 2021

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a neurological disorder characterized by a complex array of symptoms affectingmovement and the senses. It is an inflammatory disease of the central nervous system (CNS) causes an injuryin the myelin sheaths, leading to demyelination and thus, consequently, a series of neurologically dysfunctionknown as relapses. 4-Aminopyridine is used in the treatment of MS patients as a selective voltage blockerchannel. The study designed over two stages, first 4-aminopyridine went under H/D exchange, and thenboth deuterated and non-deuterated 4-AP was applied on the serum of MS patients and the activity of serummonoamine oxidase was estimated. The study included 120 subject which divided over two groups, controland MS patients, each of which contain 60 subject. The activity of MAO was significantly (P<0.01) higherin patients than that of control. The activity of MAO activity has decreased significantly (P<0.01) in thepresence of 4-AP, as well as a further significant decrease in the presence of deuterated 4-AP. In conclusion,4-AP has inhibitory effect on MAO activity, and the replacement of hydrogens with deuterium gives anenhancement on this inhibitory effect.
Socio Demographic Profile and Pattern of Injuries Due to Workplace Accidents in a Tertiary Care Hospital at Kancheepuram District
Authors: Kumar Udhayan  , P. Shruthi
Published: March 2021

Workplace (occupational) injuries pose major public health and socioeconomic developmental issueleading to mental and physical disability. However, efforts towards investigation of determinants amongfactory workers are very minimal in developing countries. Thus, this study aimed at evaluation of the Sociodemographic profile, identify determinants and pattern of occupational injury among victims of industrialaccidents was undertaken. This retrospective study was conducted over a period of 2 years in a Tertiary carecentre at Kancheepuram district. Total of 4693 work place accident cases visited the hospital (OP and IP)between January 2018 to December 2019. On statistical analysis, Male preponderance was noted and 3/4thof the study population belonged to age group of 20-40 years. Most of accidents 2815 (59.98%) took placein semi urban area and 1549 (33.01%) victims occurred in the Urban locality. 44.13% of the cases (2071)occurred in the summer season. 36% of the events were seen between 12 Noon to 6 PM. It was noted thatabrasion was the commonest injury noted (69%, 3238) and the least common were burns injury (12%, 563).Upper limb injuries were noted in almost 3/4th of the cases (3426) and intracranial haemorrhages wereobserved in 55 cases. Only 1/3rd of the cases used protective gear during the incident. Lack of effectivetraining, sleeping disturbance, and job stress increased the risk of occupational injury. Hence, providinghealth and safety education with importance given to the younger male workers, reducing stressors, andoffering sleep health education were recommended.
Microorganisms Resistance Pattern and Antibiotic Prescriptions in Patients Admitted to the Intensive Care Unit in Ghazy AL Hariri Hospital
Authors: Laith G. Shareef  , Ayad Abbas Salman  , Mohammed A. Taher
Published: March 2021

Introduction: Resistance to antibiotics has emerged recently due to the misuse of antibiotics and is a threatto the health?care system, especially in developing countries like Iraq where there are no antimicrobialstewardship programs in most intensive care units (ICU).Materials and Method: This was anobservational, cross-sectional study done in the ICU of Ghazi ALHariri hospital, Medical City/Iraq. All patients getting admitted to ICU from both genders were included inthe study.Samples taken for culture and sensitivity tests included blood, urine, tracheostomy tube, sputum,cerebrospinal fluid, central venous line, and bedsore swab.Results: 43 patients satisfied the inclusion and exclusion criteria and were included in the study. The mostcommon isolated pathogens were pseudomonas in sputum and blood samples, Acinetobacter in wounds andoperation skin site infection, Klebsiella in central venous line, and bedsore swab, while Candida in the urine.Klebsiella was the most frequently isolated in overall culture results, it was most sensitive to imipenem,meropenem, and amikacin.Conclusion: Ceftriaxone was the most commonly used antibiotic as an empiric treatment followed bymeropenem and amikacin. Most of the isolated pathogens (> 90%) had resistance to ceftriaxone. ICUacquired Klebsiella, P. aeruginosa, and Acinetobacter predominate hospital-acquired infections.
Prediction of Stature in Males of Tamil Population from Measurements of Percutaneous Tibial Length
Authors: M. Sreenivasan  , S.K. Nawaz Ahmed
Published: March 2021

Forensic experts are often in confrontation with the challenging task of determination of stature along withrace, age etc. for the purpose of establishing the identity of the deceased individual in those circumstanceswhere only skeletal remains, mutilated or dismembered body parts, extremely decomposed body parts etc.are provided by investigating authorities. In the current study, a genuine attempt has been made to arriveat the population specific regression equation for stature prediction from the percutaneous length of Tibia.The subjects chosen for this study include 120 adult males belonging to Tamil population falling withinthe age range of 21 to 30 years. Stature and percutaneous lengths of right and left Tibia from each subjectwere precisely recorded following standard protocols using appropriate instruments and analysis of thedata collected was done applying Pearson correlation through SPSS software version 26 to arrive at theregression equations for stature assessment based on percutaneous right and left Tibial lengths respectively.By comparing the regression formulae obtained from the present study with those derived from variouspopulation specific studies done on Indian population, our regression equations found to be distinctive toTamil population and therefore can be authentically applied for calculation of stature of deceased frompercutaneous Tibial length in males of Tamil population whenever skeletal remains are available.
Roll-Up is too complex for Romanian 5-year-olds: Evidence from recursive adjectives
Authors: Bleotu Adina Camelia , Roeper Tom
Published: March 2021

The current paper examines Romanian 5-year-olds’ comprehension and production of recursive structures involving multiple adjectives such as florile mici mari ‘flowers-the small big’, i.e., “the big small flowers”. On the basis of an experiment we conducted on 20 Romanian 5-year-olds, we show that children have the tendency to reduce recursion to coordination, the default interpretation at this stage of language acquisition. Moreover, children avoid producing recursive structures, preferring simpler forms instead, while they produce coordinative structures to a much higher extent. Since children’s performance with recursive adjectives in Romanian seems to be worse than performance with recursive prepositional phrases (Bleotu 2020), we argue that this supports the idea that, unlike prepositional phrases, multiple adjectives in Romance are derived through the complex operation of Roll-Up (Cinque 1994, 2005, 2010).
Bidirectionality of language contact: Spanish and Catalan vowels
Authors: Helms Annie
Published: March 2021

The disproportionate number of studies in Barcelona and the Balearic Islands observing Spanish contact effects in Catalan production, rather than Catalan contact effects in Spanish production, is an oversight of bidirectionality and the probabilistic nature of social factors in situations of language contact. Accordingly, the present study analyzes both Catalan and Spanish mid front vowel production data from Barcelona to investigate whether Catalan contact effects occur in Spanish via a process of dissimilation, and whether such effects are strengthened in younger speakers due to the relatively recent implementation of Catalan linguistic policy in the educational and public spheres. The results are suggestive of dissimilation, where phonetic distinctions are maintained between Spanish /e/ and the two Catalan mid front vowels across both F1 and F2. Additionally, analyses of variance across F1 and F2 reveal that Spanish /e/ productions across F1 are more diffuse in younger speakers and Catalan mid front vowels across F2 are less diffuse, providing evidence of reciprocity in contact effects. These results underscore the bidirectional nature of language contact and advocate for the use of variance of F1 and F2 as a metric of phonological contact effects.