bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Examination of export and production performances of textile companies making export-focused production on the return to normal life from pandemic
Authors: Sonmez Cakir Fatma , Adiguzel Zafer , Yesilot Zehir Songul , Zehir Cemal
Published: October 2022

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to examine the effects of production capabilities, competition intensity and marketing and sales capabilities on the export and production performances of textile companies engaged in export-oriented production return to normal life from the pandemic.

Design/methodology/approach

Within the scope of the research, a sample of 683 white-collar expert participants was taken and a scale consisting of 29 statements in total was presented to them. The structural equation modeling (SEM) model was analyzed with the study SmartPLS. At the first stage, the relations between the scale expressions and the variables were given with factor loads and weights, validity/reliability analyzes were made for the model, and finally, the research model was tested.

Findings

As a result of the analysis in the research, it can be explained that the production capabilities and marketing and sales capabilities are important for the performance of the companies, at the same time the intensity of competition keeps the companies in a dynamic structure and the intensity of competition is also important for the companies to develop themselves.

Research limitations/implications

Considering the limitations of the research, data were collected from white-collar employees working in export-oriented textile companies in Istanbul. Because in order to answer the questions about the variables representing the research model, expert and authorized employees were required.

Practical implications

It can be explained that the performance of companies in the production sector is positively affected if they discover opportunities in risky environments so that they can gain an advantageous position over their competitors in an intense competitive environment. Because it can be assumed as a result of the analysis that textile companies want to evaluate the opportunities in the competitive environment by using their production, marketing and sales abilities during the pandemic process.

Originality/value

The research is unique in that it sets an example for future studies by examining the effects of production capabilities, competitive intensity and marketing and sales capabilities, which are likely to affect the performance of textile companies in the return of normal life from pandemic conditions.
Disruption in family life due to despotic leadership and COVID-19: the mediating role of emotional exhaustion
Authors: Rafiq Nazia , Sarwar Ambreen , Rasheed Maria
Published: October 2022

Purpose

The fear of COVID-19, being an emerging research variable and a parcel of the ongoing pandemic, has not yet been fully studied with respect to leadership and employee family life. Based on the conservation of resources theory, the current study aims to investigate the relationship between despotic leadership and work-family conflict under the context of fear prevailing due to COVID-19. The paper also highlights the mediating role of emotional exhaustion between the two variables.

Design/methodology/approach

Data were collected in two waves by using a time-lagged design from 225 nurses from hospitals in the Central Punjab region in Pakistan. Analysis was done through process macro in SPSS.

Findings

Results showed that despotic leadership is positively related to work-family conflict directly and through emotional exhaustion indirectly. Furthermore, the moderation of fear of COVID-19 has also been noted such that its increase strengthened the direct as well as the indirect relationship between despotic leadership and work-family conflict.

Originality/value

During the days of COVID-19, the pandemic posed a strong threat to employees' family lives, especially in the presence of despotic leaders at the workplace. Amidst the widespread fear and harmful effects of COVID-19 on economies and organizations, this study provides novel implications for policymakers, researchers and practitioners for mitigating the impact of despotic leadership on employees' family lives.
Can small and medium businesses endure the COVID-19 crisis through strategic philanthropy?
Authors: Islam Ariful , Wahab Sazali Abd , Abdul Latiff Ahmad Shaharudin
Published: October 2022

Purpose

Small and medium-sized firms (SMEs) are typically reported to have a limited interest in broader societal concerns across the world. As a result, the purpose of this study is to develop a model of SME’s strategic philanthropic performance in light of the societal reactions to the COVID-19 issue, particularly in terms of the intervention of corporate spirituality and the solid regulatory motive behind these.

Design/methodology/approach

A systematic mixed review analysis has been executed to analyze the strategic philanthropic performance configuration triggered by the recent COVID-19 crisis, in which over 369 publications are read and reviewed by the authors. It has also established the reliability and validity of literature analysis. Also besides, a short form of qualitative investigation has been used to support the direction of the study.

Findings

Through regulatory adjustments, the study's findings effectively developed a strategic philanthropic performance configuration for SMEs. In this case, the strategic philanthropic convergence of corporate giving, corporate volunteering, corporate foundation and food bank has the potential to help SMEs thrive in the long run. The study also discovers that corporate spirituality might potentially mediate between appropriate regulations and strategic philanthropic performance of SMEs in the context of a supportive external environment.

Research limitations/implications

Prior empirical attempts are subsequently required to inquiry about the proposed conceptualization from different perspectives.

Practical implications

The decision-makers of SMEs, with the efficient implementation of the proposed outline, will use the understanding given for their required actions to develop the competitive advantage in terms of social concerns. On this note, the outcomes of the study can also enhance business differentiation and competitiveness. It can also serve as a strategic guideline for firms to develop organizational values for long-term survival.

Social implications

In the COVID-19 reality, SMEs will contribute to the concerns through philanthropy activities that are better suited for both enhanced social good and greater corporate advantages. The idea can also serve as a basis for SMEs to accomplish the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).

Originality/value

To the best of the authors' knowledge, this is the first research that conceptualizes the influence of government regulation on the strategic philanthropic performance of SMEs while taking corporate spirituality into account in order to survive the COVID-19 crisis.
Corporate social responsibility report readability, credit ratings and cost of borrowing
Authors: Yu Kun , Garg Priya
Published: October 2022

Purpose

This study aims to investigate how credit rating agencies and banks, important credit market participants, incorporate corporate social responsibility (CSR)-related information in their assessment of firm’s creditworthiness.

Design/methodology/approach

The authors collect stand-alone CSR reports published by Fortune 500 companies from 2002 to 2014 and use file size as a readability measure to investigate the impact of stand-alone CSR reports’ readability on firms’ credit ratings and cost of borrowing.

Findings

The authors find that firms with higher CSR report readability enjoy higher credit ratings and lower costs of bank loans, suggesting that rating agencies and banks perceive lower default risk for firms with more readable CSR reports. Further analysis indicates that the positive association between CSR report readability and credit ratings is more pronounced for firms with high CSR performance. Conversely, the negative association between CSR report readability and bank loan spreads is more pronounced for firms with low CSR performance and credit quality, suggesting complementary roles of rating agencies and banks in their use of CSR reports.

Originality/value

Overall, the results highlight the importance of improving the textual characteristics of CSR reports, especially readability, in reducing information risk in the credit market.
Influence of aging temperature on the properties of Cu/(SAC0307 powder +Zn-particles)/Al joints ultrasonic-assisted soldered at low temperature
Authors: Gan Guisheng , Chen Shiqi , Jiang Liujie , Xu Qianzhu , Huang Tian , Cheng Dayong , Liu Xin
Published: October 2022

Purpose

This study aims to evaluate the effect of thermal aging temperature on the properties of Cu/Al joints.

Design/methodology/approach

A new method in which 1 µm Zn-particles and SAC0307 with a particle size of 25–38 µm were mixed to fill the joint and successfully achieved the micro-joining of Cu/Al under ultrasonic-assisted at 200°C, and then, the effect of aging temperature on the properties of Cu/Al joints at different aging times was researched.

Findings

The results showed that the Cu interface intermetallic compounds (IMCs) had the same composition and had two layers with Cu5Zn8 near the Cu substrate and CuZn5 near the solder. As the aging time increased, CuZn5 gradually transformed to Cu5Zn8, and the thickness of the CuZn5 layer gradually decreased until CuZn5 disappeared completely. There was a Sn–Zn solid solution at the Al interface, and the composition of the Al interface of the Cu/Al joints did not change with changing temperature. The IMC thickness at the Cu interface of the joints continued to increase, and the shear strength of the Cu/Al joints decreased with increasing aging temperature and time. Compared with the as-received samples, the IMC thickness of the Cu interface of joints increased by 371.8% and the shear strength of the Cu/Al joints was reduced by 83.2% when the joints were aged at 150°C for 24 h. With an increase in aging temperature, the fracture mode of the Cu/Al joints changed from being between solder balls and Zn particles to between Zn particles.

Originality/value

With increasing aging temperature, the shear strengths of the Cu/SACZ/Al joints decreased at the same aging time, the shear strength of Cu/SACZ/Al joints at 150°C for 24h decreased by 83.2% compared with that of the as-received joints.
A roadmap to robust discriminant analysis of principal components
Authors: Cullingham Catherine , Peery Rhiannon M. , Miller Joshua M.
Published: October 2022

Identification of population structure is a common goal for a variety of applications, including conservation, wildlife management, and medical genetics. The outcome of these analyses can have far reaching implications; therefore, it is important to ensure an understanding of the strengths and weaknesses of the methodologies used. Increasing in popularity, the discriminant analysis of principal components (DAPC) method incorporates combinations of genetic variables (alleles) into a model that differentiates individuals into genetic clusters. However, users may not have a full understanding of how to best parameterize the model. In this issue of Thia (Molecular Ecology Resources, 2022) looks under the hood of the DAPC. Using simulated data, he demonstrates the importance of careful parameter selection in developing a DAPC model, what the implications are for over‐fitting the model, and finally, how best to evaluate the results of DAPC models. This work highlights the issues that can arise when over‐parameterizing the DAPC model when gene flow is high among clusters and provides important guidelines to ensure researchers are making conclusions that are biologically relevant.
Metformin has heterogeneous effects on model organism lifespans and is beneficial when started at an early age in Caenorhabditis elegans: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Parish Austin J. , Swindell William R.
Published: October 2022

There is growing interest in the use of metformin to extend lifespan and prevent the onset of age‐related disorders in non‐diabetic individuals. The impact of metformin on lifespan and aging has been studied in several model organisms, with varying effects. We conducted a systematic review of studies that performed laboratory experiments investigating the effect of metformin on overall lifespan in healthy Mus musculus mice and in Caenorhabditis elegans nematodes. Lifespan results for mice and nematodes were analyzed in separate meta‐analyses, and there was a significant amount of heterogeneity across experiments within each species. We found that metformin was not significantly associated with an overall lifespan‐prolonging effect in either mice or nematodes. For nematodes, however, there was a lifespan‐prolonging effect in experiments using live OP50 Escherichia coli as a food source, an effect that was larger when metformin was started earlier in life. Our work highlights the importance of testing compounds in a diversity of model organisms. Moreover, in all species, including humans, it may be necessary to study the effect of metformin on aging in both younger and older cohorts.
The impact of coronavirus disease 2019 on genitourinary and prostate cancer care and clinical trials: A qualitative exploration of the Australian and New Zealand experience
Authors: Roberts Natasha A. , Dhillon Haryana M. , Paterson Catherine , Schubach Kathryn , McJannett Margaret ,   Australian and New Zealand Urogenital and Prostate Cancer Trials Group
Published: October 2022

Purpose

This qualitative study aimed to understand the impact of the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic from March to November 2020 on healthcare delivery and clinical trials for genitourinary (GU) cancers in Australia.

Methods

Annually a pre‐conference workshop is hosted by the Australian New Zealand Urogenital and Prostate Cancer Trials Group for supportive care health professionals. In November 2020, those that selected to attend were invited to participate in a focus group. Workshop and focus group discussions were recorded and transcripts were analyzed thematically.

Results

Seventy‐two individuals involved in GU cancer care and clinical trials took part. Participants described negative changes to GU cancer care and clinical trials from the pandemic due to reduced clinical services and increased wait times. Trial recruitment was paused temporarily during lockdowns, and standard treatment protocols were used to limit hospital visits. Trial process changes included electronic capture of informed consent, home delivery of oral medications, and delegations of assessments. These changes increased administrative activity for clinical trial teams and Human Research Ethics Committees. A transition to telehealth enabled continuity of service delivery and trials but reduced the opportunity for face‐to‐face patient consultations with increasing concern about the failure to detect supportive care needs.

Conclusion

The pandemic has prompted a critical review of service delivery and clinical trials for people with GU cancers.
Oral insulin (ORMD‐0801) in type 2 diabetes mellitus: A dose‐finding 12‐week randomized placebo‐controlled study
Authors: Eldor Roy , Francis Bruce H. , Fleming Alexander , Neutel Joel , Homer Kenneth , Kidron Miriam , Rosenstock Julio
Published: October 2022

Aims

To assess the safety and efficacy of multiple daily doses of oral insulin (ORMD‐0801) in subjects with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) over 12 weeks.

Materials and Methods

Participants with T2DM on metformin or combination oral therapy with glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) levels ≥ 7.5% (58 mmol/mol) were randomized to receive ORMD‐0801 8 mg or 16 mg once (QD) or twice (BID) daily, or 32 mg QD, BID or three times daily (TID) over a 12‐week period.

Results

A total of 373 subjects were randomized to active treatment or placebo (~60% male, age ~ 56 years, HbA1c 9%‐9.8%; 75‐84 mmol/mol). Placebo‐adjusted HbA1c changes from baseline to Week 12 were observed with ORMD‐0801 8 mg BID (−7.15 ± 3.57 mmol/mol [−0.65% ± 0.33%]; P = 0.046). However, a significant site interaction was observed in two sites. After excluding these, HbA1c reduction was observed with 8 mg QD (−0.81 ± 0.37%; −8.89 ± 4.01 mmol/mol; P = 0.028, n = 15), 8 mg BID (−0.82 ± 0.37%; −8.95 ± 4.08 mmol/mol; P = 0.029, n = 17), 32 mg QD (−0.54 ± 0.26%; −5.89 ± 2.78 mmol/mol;P = 0.036, n = 69) and 32 mg BID (−0.53 ± 0.26%; −5.80 ± 2.83 mmol/mol; P = 0.042, n = 68). No effect was observed with 16 mg QD (0.25 ± 0.37%; 2.76 ± 3.99 mmol/mol; P = 0.48, n = 18), 16 mg BID (−0.36 ± 0.40%; −3.97 ± P = 0.36, n = 15) or 32 mg TID (−0.45 ± 0.27%, −4.89 ± 2.90 mmol/mol; P = 0.093, n = 69). Continuous glucose monitor and serum glucose measurements showed similar trends but were not significant. ORMD‐0801 was safe, well tolerated and not associated with weight gain or hypoglycaemia.

Conclusions

Oral insulin (ORMD‐0801) induced greater reductions in HbA1c when compared to placebo, and was safe and well tolerated in individuals with uncontrolled T2DM. The efficacy and safety findings support continued development of the 8‐mg dose at bedtime, which is currently being evaluated in two Phase 3 trials.
Mating mediates morphophysiological changes in the spermathecae of Coptotermes gestroi queens
Authors: da Silva Iago Bueno , Costa‐Leonardo Ana Maria
Published: October 2022

Insect spermathecae play a crucial role in sperm storage and maintenance prior to egg fertilization. Within eusocial insects, this structure is well studied in the Hymenoptera, whose queens copulate during a short period early in life and store sperm for up to decades. Within Isoptera, sperm storage and maintenance inside the spermatheca are poorly understood, especially due to the presence of a sperm‐providing king. Here, we compared the morphometric and morphophysiological features of the spermathecae of virgin and mated queens of the invasive termite Coptotermes gestroi (Wasmann) (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae). The spermatheca comprises a finger‐shaped reservoir divided into two regions and a duct limited by a narrow transition. The superficial spermatheca area, as well as the luminal area, increase significantly after insemination, even among queens whose reproductive activity was reduced, suggesting that sperm storage continues during such conditions. The secretion of proteins and polysaccharides into the spermathecal lumen was a remarkable feature for both virgin and 4‐year‐old queens, although the concentration of the secreted content increased in the latter group. It suggests that spermatheca activation occurs before pairing, but its secretory activity intensifies to nourish and provide energy for the stored spermatozoa. Ultrastructure of the spermathecal epithelium showed a bicellular unit, composed of a secretory cell and associated canal cells. Secretory vesicles of various electron densities were observed next to the receiving canal of the secretory cells in both virgin and 2‐year‐old queens. Nevertheless, strongly electron‐dense vesicles were only recorded for mated queens, which were associated with the increasing synthesis of proteins. The occurrence of rough endoplasmic reticulum and richness of mitochondria reinforces the protein synthesis and transport of contents towards the spermathecal lumen. In conclusion, the spermatheca of C. gestroi undergoes morphometric and physiological changes after mating, and further analysis may provide insights into the chemical nature of the spermathecal secretion prior to and after this event.
Humanizing and dehumanizing intensive care: Thematic synthesis (HumanIC)
Authors: Nielsen Anne Højager , Kvande Monica Evelyn , Angel Sanne
Published: October 2022

Background

Critical illness and the intensive care unit can be a terrifying experience to patients and relatives and they may experience the extreme life‐saving measures as dehumanizing. Humanizing intensive care is often described as holism or dignity, but these abstract concepts provide little bodily resonance to what a humanized attitude is in concrete situations.

Objective

To explore what contributes to patients' and relatives' experience of intensive care as humanized or dehumanized.

Design

Thematic synthesis.

Materials

Findings from 15 qualitative papers describing patients' and/or relatives' perceptions of humanizing or dehumanizing care.

Methods

A systematic literature search of PubMed, CINAHL, Scopus and EMBASE from 1 January 1999 to 20 August 2022 identified 16 qualitative, empirical papers describing patients' and relatives' experiences of humanizing or dehumanizing intensive care, which were assessed using Critical Appraisal Skills Programme Qualitative Checklist, 15 papers were included and analysed using Thematic Synthesis and Ricoeur's model of the text.

Findings

Intensive care was humanized when patients felt connected with healthcare professionals, with themselves by experiencing safety and well‐being and with their loved ones. Intensive care was humanized to relatives when the patient was cared for as a unique person, when they were allowed to stay connected to the patient and when they felt cared for in the critical situation.

Conclusion

Patients and relatives experienced intensive care as humanized when healthcare professionals expressed genuine attention and supported them through their caring actions and when healthcare professionals supported patients' and relatives' opportunities to stay connected in the disrupted situation of critical illness. When healthcare professionals offered a connection to the patients and relatives, this helped them hold on and find meaning.

Patient or Public Contribution

No patient and public contribution.
Patulin and LL‐Z1640‐2 induce apoptosis of cancer cells by decreasing endogenous protein levels of Zic family member 5
Authors: Satow Reiko , Watanabe Takeru , Nomura Moeka , Inagaki Shota , Yoneda Atsuko , Fukami Kiyoko
Published: October 2022

Zic family member 5 (ZIC5) is a transcription factor that promotes the survival of several cancer cell types. As ZIC5 is expressed at minimal levels in normal human adult tissues, it is a potential therapeutic target. In this study, we screened a chemical library containing 3398 compounds that includes pre‐existing drugs and compounds with known effects to identify ZIC5 inhibitors. In the first screening, 18 hit compounds decreased GFP intensity in melanoma A375 cells overexpressing GFP‐tagged ZIC5. In the second screening, five compounds that attenuated ZIC5 protein levels in A375 cells were identified. Among them, LL‐Z1640‐2 and patulin selectively induced apoptosis in melanoma cells expressing ZIC5, while only inducing very low levels of apoptosis in normal human melanocytes, which have no detectable ZIC5 expression. LL‐Z1640‐2 and patulin also induced apoptosis in BRAF inhibitor‐resistant melanoma, pancreatic cancer, cholangiocarcinoma and colorectal cancer cells. LL‐Z1640‐2‐ and patulin‐mediated suppression of melanoma proliferation were rescued by ZIC5 overexpression. These results suggest that LL‐Z1640‐2 and patulin are promising compounds that decrease ZIC5 expression to induce apoptosis in cancer cells.
Blood plasma protein profiles of neuropsychiatric symptoms and related cognitive decline in older people
Authors: Rabl Miriam , Clark Christopher , Dayon Loïc , Bowman Gene L. , Popp Julius
Published: October 2022

Neuropsychiatric symptoms (NPS) severely affect patients and their caregivers, and are associated with worse long‐term outcomes. This study tested the hypothesis that altered protein levels in blood plasma could serve as biomarkers of NPS; and that altered protein levels are associated with persisting NPS and cognitive decline over time. We performed a cross‐sectional and longitudinal study in older subjects with cognitive impairment and cognitively unimpaired in a memory clinic setting. NPS were recorded through the Neuropsychiatric Inventory Questionnaire (NPI‐Q) while cognitive and functional impairment was assessed using the clinical dementia rating sum of boxes (CDR‐SoB) score at baseline and follow‐up visits. Shotgun proteomic analysis based on liquid chromatography‐mass spectrometry was conducted in blood plasma samples, identifying 420 proteins. The presence of Alzheimer's Disease (AD) pathology was determined by cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers. Eighty‐five subjects with a mean age of 70 (±7.4) years, 62% female and 54% with mild cognitive impairment or mild dementia were included. We found 15 plasma proteins with altered baseline levels in participants with NPS (NPI‐Q score > 0). Adding those 15 proteins to a reference model based on clinical data (age, CDR‐SoB) significantly improved the prediction of NPS (from receiver operating characteristic area under the curve [AUC] 0.75 to AUC 0.91, p = 0.004) with a specificity of 89% and a sensitivity of 74%. The identified proteins additionally predicted both persisting NPS and cognitive decline at follow‐up visits. The observed associations were independent of the presence of AD pathology. Using proteomics, we identified a panel of specific blood proteins associated with current and future NPS, and related cognitive decline in older people. These findings show the potential of untargeted proteomics to identify blood‐based biomarkers of pathological alterations relevant for NPS and related clinical disease progression.

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The morphological and functional diversity of apical microvilli
Authors: Sharkova Maria , Chow Erica , Erickson Timothy , Hocking Jennifer C.
Published: October 2022

Sensory neurons use specialized apical processes to perceive external stimuli and monitor internal body conditions. The apical apparatus can include cilia, microvilli, or both, and is adapted for the functions of the particular cell type. Photoreceptors detect light through a large, modified cilium (outer segment), that is supported by a surrounding ring of microvilli‐like calyceal processes (CPs). Although first reported 150 years ago, CPs remain poorly understood. As a basis for future study, we therefore conducted a review of existing literature about sensory cell microvilli, which can act either as the primary sensory detector or as support for a cilia‐based detector. While all microvilli are finger‐like cellular protrusions with an actin core, the processes vary across cell types in size, number, arrangement, dynamics, and function. We summarize the current state of knowledge about CPs and the characteristics of the microvilli found on inner ear hair cells (stereocilia) and cerebral spinal fluid‐contacting neurons, with comparisons to the brush border of the intestinal and renal epithelia. The structure, stability, and dynamics of the actin core are regulated by a complement of actin‐binding proteins, which includes both common components and unique features when compared across cell types. Further, microvilli are often supported by lateral links, a glycocalyx, and a defined extracellular matrix, each adapted to the function and environment of the cell. Our comparison of microvillar features will inform further research into how CPs support photoreceptor function, and also provide a general basis for investigations into the structure and functions of apical microvilli found on sensory neurons.
Not too narrow, not too broad: Linking span of control, leadership behavior, and employee job satisfaction in public organizations
Authors: Jacobsen Christian Bøtcher , Hansen Ane‐Kathrine Lundberg , Pedersen Lars Dahl
Published: October 2022

How does organizational structure shape the role of leadership? Research emphasizes the negative implications of broad spans of control, but theory and empirical research about the span of control and leadership are sparse. We develop theoretical arguments about the span of control and transformational, transactional, and distributed leadership and argue that employees in units with medium‐sized spans of control observe more leadership and have higher job satisfaction. Furthermore, that span of control can affect leadership behaviors differently. The arguments are tested on multilevel survey data from 393 nursing managers and 1699 nurses in Danish hospitals. We find that employees experience more leadership behavior and higher job satisfaction under medium spans of control compared to narrow and broad spans of control. Consequently, span of control should still be considered an important aspect of organizational design when active leadership behavior and high employee job satisfaction are warranted.
Pro‐choice/pro‐elección versus pro‐life/pro‐vida: Examining abortion identity terms across English and Spanish in the United States
Authors: Solon Megan , LaRoche Kathryn J , Bueno Xiana , Crawford Brandon L , Turner Ronna C , Lo Wen‐Juo , Jozkowski Kristen N
Published: October 2022

Objective

We examine how a sample of English‐ and Spanish‐speaking U.S. adults define the terms pro‐life/pro‐vida and pro‐choice/pro‐elección and explore whether definitions differ by language and/or ethnicity.

Methods

We asked a sample of 1504 English‐ and Spanish‐speaking U.S. adults to define the terms pro‐choice/pro‐elección and pro‐life/pro‐vida in an open‐ended format. We used content and thematic analysis to examine congruence and discordance between how English and Spanish speakers, as well as Latinx and non‐Latinx participants, understand these terms.

Results

The terms largely appeared to hold common and canonical understandings, but we identified important differences across language and cultural/ethnic groups. For example, Latinx participants opted out of defining the terms more often than non‐Latinx participants, and respondents to the Spanish survey had higher rates of uncertainty about and misunderstanding of the terms than respondents to the English version.

Conclusions

Our findings suggest language‐related variability in understandings of the terms pro‐choice/pro‐elección and pro‐life/pro‐vida that could have implications for multilingual and cross‐cultural polling on abortion.
Three-Dimensional Large Eddy Simulations and Proper Orthogonal Decomposition Analysis of Flow Around a Flexibly Supported Circular Cylinder
Authors: Janocha Marek Jan , Fabricius Lukas Philip , Yin Guang , Ong Muk Chen
Published: October 2022

Three-dimensional (3D) numerical simulations of the flow around a cylinder undergoing vortex-induced vibration (VIV) at Re = 3900 (defined as Re = U∞D/ v, where U∞ is the inlet flow velocity, D is the diameter of the cylinder and v is the fluid kinematic viscosity) are performed using Large Eddy Simulations (LES). Detailed mesh and time-step convergence studies are carried out for the flow past a stationary cylinder to obtain the optimal mesh and time step. The validation studies are performed by comparing the present results with the previous published experimental data and numerical results to confirm feasibility of the present numerical model for predicting the wake characteristics. The numerical model is then applied to investigate the flow around a self-excited cylinder vibrating in the cross-flow direction at three different reduced velocity. The effects of the reduced velocity are analyzed based on the cross-flow vibration amplitudes, the power spectral densities of lift and drag coefficients and the wake flow coherent structures. Different vortex shedding modes are identified and categorized using the iso-surfaces of the pressure coefficient and the Q-criterion. The dominant 3D wake flow features are extracted and discussed by carrying out the Proper Orthogonal Decomposition (POD) for flow velocities on multiple two-dimensional (2D) sampling planes in the wake region. The modes on the XY planes display a traveling-wave behavior and the modes on the XZ planes shows cells of streamwise vortices, which displays the three-dimensionality of the wake flow.
Evaluation of Hydrodynamic Loads on a Concrete Gravity-Based Offshore Structure in Extreme Waves
Authors: Zaman M. Hasanat , Akinturk Ayhan
Published: October 2022

The oil and gas companies extended their activities in the offshore area of the North Seas. The presence of extreme environmental waves imparts extra risks to the operations of the offshore fixed and floating structures in these areas. The operation and safety of these offshore structures are considerably disturbed during the propagation of large waves over the region. The Newfoundland coast experienced very high waves during an intense ever storm in 2018 that brought waves with very large wave heights at various locations. This paper reports the loadings of such high waves on the shaft of a Gravity-Based Structure (GBS). A 3D non-linear dispersive mass, momentum, and energy model (MME) with second-order in wave amplitudes, and OrcaFlex™, a commercial numerical tool are used for the simulation of loads on the structure. The 3D numerical model describes the characteristics of the wavefield in terms of mass, momentum, and energy flux conservation equations. OrcaFlex™ is a 3D non-linear time-domain finite element implicit and explicit software that uses lumped mass elements to simplify equations, has diffraction capability, and makes the computation efficient. In the simulations, parameters for incident wave conditions are varied systematically to study various cases and data comparisons between the two numerical simulators are made. The geometry of the GBS was kept constant. The water depth is assumed to be 80m and the shaft length is 95m with a diameter of 30m. The simulation is carried out for 3 hours in each case.

New data and information that would be produced from this work are important for possible use in the design method of a GBS and thus increase structural and operational safety exclusively in the harsh environment or in the existence of freak waves.
Numerical Study on Vertical Motions of a Destroyer With Different Speeds in Extreme Seas
Authors: Li Jianxin , Liu Liwei , Zhang Zhiguo , Wang Luqun , Yao Xi
Published: October 2022

In this study, the vertical motions of a typical destroyer, DTMB5512 model, are investigated in extreme seas. The computational fluid dynamics (CFD) predictions are carried out for the DTMB5512 model advancing in long crest head waves with three different speeds, where an unsteady Reynold averaged Navier Stokes solver is used coupled with a dynamic overset grid approach. Numerical results are presented for the heave and pitch motions of the DTMB5512 model. To estimate the advancing speed effect on the heave and pitch motion characteristics of the destroyer model, the comparisons of the numerical results between the cases with different speeds are performed with the statistical assessment. The fast Fourier transform (FFT) analysis is conducted and the ship motion characteristics in frequency are analyzed. In addition, the response amplitude operators (RAO) for the heave and pitch motions are obtained from the FFT results. The results indicate the significant amplitude of the heave motion increases with the increase of advancing speed but the variation of the pitch motion amplitudes shows a different trend. As the ship speed is small, the significant amplitude of the pitch motion increases first with the increase of the speed and then turns to decrease.
Nonlinear Hydrostatic Restoring Characteristics of a Spar Floating Wind Turbine
Authors: Pang Zhengyang , Feng Aichun , Jiang Zhiyu , Shankar Verma Amrit , Chen Ke
Published: October 2022

Floating wind turbine technologies have worldwide applications. Regarding the wind turbine floater stability, there are three principal design philosophies: ballast-, buoyancy- and mooring-stabilized. Although linear hydrostatic stiffness coefficient has been applied in most hydro-aero-elastic codes, accurate calculation of the nonlinear hydrostatic restoring forces is important for the floating stability evaluation and load. This study selects a 5-megawatt spar floating wind turbine as a representative floater. The nonlinear hydrostatic stiffness coefficient for different heeling angles is analytically calculated and compared against those obtained by a hydrodynamic software, and an excellent match is shown. A sensitivity study is carried out to consider the uncertainties in the hydrostatic stiffness due to varying geometry and weight distribution. The present results can be applied in the time-domain simulations for floating wind turbines.
Two-Phase Flow Induced Vibrations: Methodology Validation – Part 1
Authors: Klinkenberg Arnout , Pereboom Hajo , Belfroid Stefan , Orre Steinar
Published: October 2022

Multiphase flow through pipelines can result in severe pipe vibrations and fatigue damage. Commonly, finite element analyses are used to define the dynamic pipe stresses and calculate the lifetime of the piping. The fluid flow excitation forces can be estimated with analytical models or simulated in detail using computational fluid dynamics. If the vibration amplitudes are small, the fluid structure interaction is modelled uncoupled but additional damping due to fluid structure interaction should be added to the structural damping. When the uncoupled approach can be used, the methodology can be simplified by using random vibration theory in the frequency domain.

The study, where forces and pipe acceleration of a 1″ multiple bend piping system are compared with simulation results, is presented in two papers. In this part (part-1), the focus is on the description of the experimental setup and on the statistical analysis of the data. This includes the statistical description of the measurement to determine how long does one need to measure or simulate to get a statistically converged solution. In addition, a detailed comparison is made between the damage analysis via the Rainflow counting (in the time domain) and the Dirlik damage calculation (from the frequency domain).

Simulated pipe movements of fully coupled numerical simulations and simplified methods, as uncoupling fluid-structure simulations and random vibration estimation are compared with measured pipe movements in a second paper (part-2, OMAE2022-78758).
Study on the Effect of Twin Bow Shape on Ship Resistance Performance
Authors: Lu Chao , Xiang Han , Feng Dakui , Deng Weihua
Published: October 2022

Bow shape affects the waterline inlet angle, waterline length and waterline area, which is significantly affected the ship performance. The structured overlapping grid technique is used to generate the whole computational domain for the towed resistance simulation. A new type of ship bow called ‘twin ship bow’ is designed to decrease the ship resistance. A high-speed ship is taken as the research object. By changing the bow profile of ships, several ship models with different bow filling rate are studied. The numerical simulation of ship resistance with different bow shape is carried out by using in-house URANS code. The SST k-ω turbulence model is employed to close the governing equation, and the finite difference method (FDM) is used for discretization. Before the towed resistance simulation, the grid and time step convergence study are carried out to obtain the numerical uncertainty, which proves the reliability of the numerical method. By comparing the resistance performance of ship models with different bow shape, the effect of bow shape on resistance performance is studied, and the results proved that the ‘twin ship bow’ can decrease the ship resistance.
Development and Verification of Modelling Practice for CFD Calculations to Obtain Hydrodynamic Damping of Offshore Vessels
Authors: Koop Arjen , Loubeyre Sebastien , Yu Kai , Xu Haihua , Zheng Yingying , Huang Zhenjia (Jerry)
Published: October 2022

Estimates for hydrodynamic damping on offshore vessels are important input parameters for simulations studies on vessels operating at sea, e.g. moored vessels in waves, wind and current, workability and operability investigations, Dynamic Position studies, ship-to-ship operations and safety studies of vessels. To accurately predict the motions of vessels this quantity should be determined with confidence. Traditionally, model experiments in water basins using so-called decay or forced oscillation tests are carried out to determine the hydrodynamic damping. With recent advancements in CFD modelling, the offshore industry has started using CFD as an alternative method to compute the hydrodynamic damping of offshore vessels. In order to help adopt CFD as a widely accepted tool, there is a need to develop confidence in CFD predictions. Therefore, a practical Modelling Practice is developed within the Reproducible CFD JIP to obtain the hydrodynamic damping values using CFD simulations. The Modelling Practice describes the geometry modelling, computational mesh, model set-up and post-processing for these type of CFD calculations. This Modelling Practice is verified and validated by three independent verifiers against available model test data.

This paper provides an overview of the calculated CFD results from the verifiers when following the CFD Modelling Practice. The results are benchmarked against available model test results for a barge-shaped and tanker-shaped FPSO. The objective of the presented work is to obtain the hydrodynamic damping for the surge, sway and roll motions at low KC values and it is a continuation of the results presented in earlier papers OMAE2020-19173 and OMAE2021-62411. By following this Modelling Practice, the CFD predictions for the quadratic damping coefficients as well as the natural periods are consistent between the different verifiers, i.e. within 20% from each other, and within 20% of the model test results. Exceptions to this general statement are found for the surge direction where a large difference is found between the calculated CD values and the measured CD values as well as for the roll direction, where the CFD results between the various verifiers can show larger differences depending on the numerical settings.

Therefore, we conclude that when following the developed Modelling Practice for CFD simulations, consistent results can be obtained for the hydrodynamic damping of offshore vessels in surge, sway and roll direction, but that additional sensitivity studies still need to be carried out for specific situations.
Identification and Investigation of Extreme Events on Marine Structures Using ALE Approach and Hydrodynamic Coupling of Navier Stokes- and Laplace Equation-Based Models
Authors: Kamath Arun , Martin Tobias , Wang Weizhi , Pakozdi Csaba , Bihs Hans
Published: October 2022

Increased deployment of offshore wind turbines is seen as an important pathway to increase green renewable energy production. Improved and rapid identification of extreme events and evaluation of hydrodynamic loads due to such events is essential to reduce the cost of energy production. Numerical modelling to pre-screen sea states and identify the crucial events to prioritise model tests will make a major contribution to reduce design times and costs for such structures. In this effort, a highly efficient and nonlinear numerical model based on the Laplace equations is used to generate undisturbed wave kinematics. Such a simulation is used to identify extreme wave events in a sea state realisation and further, the wave loading due to such events are evaluated using Morison Formula. Events screened in this manner can then be transferred to a high-resolution model such as a Navier-Stokes equations-based solver to investigate the hydrodynamics in details. The implementation of such a method in the open-source hydrodynamic model REEF3D is presented in this work.
Analysis of the Influence of Opening Design Parameters on Cavity Flow Characteristics
Authors: Wang Luqun , Yu Jiawei , Wang Xianzhou , Deng Weihua , Feng Dakui
Published: October 2022

Cavities are widely used in marine vehicles and aircraft, the flow field inside these cavities is associated with strong acoustic effects, unsteadiness and turbulence. The flow characteristics and acoustic characteristics of cavities have become a hot research field, and the design parameters of openings are important factors affecting the flow characteristics of cavities. In this paper, some design parameters of openings are set to be variable, including the openings diameter, the opening spacing, the openings angle and the perforated plate thickness. A series of cavity structures with different opening design parameters are studied with large eddy simulation (LES) method. The numerical calculation is carried out by commercial CFD software FLUENT with structured grid. Large eddy simulation combined with acoustic analogy theory is used to study flow induced noise with different design parameters. The sound source is established based on the unsteady flow field in the cavity calculated by large eddy simulation (LES), then the far-field noise is predicted by the Fwowcs Williams Hawkings (FW-H) acoustic analogy theory, and the effects of various design parameters on the acoustic characteristics of the cavity are studied. The results show that the sound pressure level increases with the increase of the opening diameter, decreases with the increase of the opening angle, decreases with the increase of the opening spacing, and decreases with the increase of the perforated plate thickness.
Seakeeping of a Rectangular Barge With Skirts – From Model Tests to Numerical Wave Tank Simulations
Authors: Fernandez G. , Naciri M.
Published: October 2022

For decades now, wave basin model tests have been the cornerstone of the verification of new concept global performance. Model tests are also the preferred approach to shed light on complex hydrodynamics phenomena that cannot be correctly handled by the conventional seakeeping engineer’s toolbox. Two decades ago, model tests were performed on a seemingly simple geometry in the form of a rectangular barge with horizontal skirts fitted at its keel. The hull was held in place via a soft horizontal mooring system for simplicity and with a view to concentrating on the hydrodynamics. The objective was to investigate the likelihood of subharmonic resonance when the roll natural period is in the vicinity of twice the heave natural period (Ref. [1]). It is useful to revisit state of the art seakeeping toolbox and assess to what extent the beam regular and irregular wave tests can be reproduced numerically. Numerical Wave Tanks (NWT) are being considered as a possible substitute for model tests for well-defined scope of works. Such techniques based on Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) using Euler’s equations have been applied to the rectangular barge with skirts as a test case for this new verification approach excluding viscosity.

The paper briefly describes the scope of the model test campaign, documents performance of the ANSYS-AQWA suite of program in reproducing the key model tests (decay, monochromatic beam wave and irregular beam wave tests) and finally highlights the performance of the NWT for this specific geometry and abovementioned tests.
On Some Nonlinear Wave Diffraction and Refraction Solutions in Shallow Waters
Authors: Hayatdavoodi Masoud , Ertekin R. Cengiz
Published: October 2022

Diffraction and refraction of nonlinear shallow water waves due to uneven bathymetry is studied numerically in two and three dimensions. The numerical tank consists of a wavemaker at the upwave side of the domain, the submerged obstacles in the middle of the domain, and a numerical wave absorber on the downwave of the domain. The numerical wavemaker is capable of generating solitary and cnoidal waves as solutions of the Green-Naghdi (GN) equations. The nonlinear wave refraction and diffraction is studied by use of the Level I GN equations. The system of equations are solved numerically in time domain by use of a second-order finite difference approach, and in a boundary-fitted coordinate system. Various forms of three-dimensional bathymetry with large slopes, including flat and curved ramps from deep to shallow regions are considered. Results include solitary and cnoidal wave surface elevation and particle velocities and are compared with the existing solutions where possible. Overall very good agreement is observed. Discussion is provided on the nonlinearity and dispersion effects on the wave diffraction and refraction, as well as on the performance of the GN equations in solving these problems.