bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mantle redox state drives outgassing chemistry and atmospheric composition of rocky planets
Authors: Ortenzi G. , Noack L. , Sohl F. , Guimond C. M. , Grenfell J. L. , Dorn C. , Schmidt J. M. , Vulpius S. , Katyal N. , Kitzmann D. , Rauer H.
Published: July 2020

Volcanic degassing of planetary interiors has important implications for their corresponding atmospheres. The oxidation state of rocky interiors affects the volatile partitioning during mantle melting and subsequent volatile speciation near the surface. Here we show that the mantle redox state is central to the chemical composition of atmospheres while factors such as planetary mass, thermal state, and age mainly affect the degassing rate. We further demonstrate that mantle oxygen fugacity has an effect on atmospheric thickness and that volcanic degassing is most efficient for planets between 2 and 4 Earth masses. We show that outgassing of reduced systems is dominated by strongly reduced gases such as $$\text {H}_{2}$$H2, with only smaller fractions of moderately reduced/oxidised gases ($$\text {CO}$$CO, $$\text {H}_{2}\text {O}$$H2O). Overall, a reducing scenario leads to a lower atmospheric pressure at the surface and to a larger atmospheric thickness compared to an oxidised system. Atmosphere predictions based on interior redox scenarios can be compared to observations of atmospheres of rocky exoplanets, potentially broadening our knowledge on the diversity of exoplanetary redox states.
The identification of sulfide oxidation as a potential metabolism driving primary production on late Noachian Mars
Authors: Macey M. C. , Fox-Powell M. , Ramkissoon N. K. , Stephens B. P. , Barton T. , Schwenzer S. P. , Pearson V. K. , Cousins C. R. , Olsson-Francis K.
Published: July 2020

The transition of the martian climate from the wet Noachian era to the dry Hesperian (4.1–3.0 Gya) likely resulted in saline surface waters that were rich in sulfur species. Terrestrial analogue environments that possess a similar chemistry to these proposed waters can be used to develop an understanding of the diversity of microorganisms that could have persisted on Mars under such conditions. Here, we report on the chemistry and microbial community of the highly reducing sediment of Colour Peak springs, a sulfidic and saline spring system located within the Canadian High Arctic. DNA and cDNA 16S rRNA gene profiling demonstrated that the microbial community was dominated by sulfur oxidising bacteria, suggesting that primary production in the sediment was driven by chemolithoautotrophic sulfur oxidation. It is possible that the sulfur oxidising bacteria also supported the persistence of the additional taxa. Gibbs energy values calculated for the brines, based on the chemistry of Gale crater, suggested that the oxidation of reduced sulfur species was an energetically viable metabolism for life on early Mars.
Functional organization of mouse primary auditory cortex in adult C57BL/6 and F1 (CBAxC57) mice
Authors: Bowen Zac , Winkowski Daniel E. , Kanold Patrick O.
Published: July 2020

The primary auditory cortex (A1) plays a key role for sound perception since it represents one of the first cortical processing stations for sounds. Recent studies have shown that on the cellular level the frequency organization of A1 is more heterogeneous than previously appreciated. However, many of these studies were performed in mice on the C57BL/6 background which develop high frequency hearing loss with age making them a less optimal choice for auditory research. In contrast, mice on the CBA background retain better hearing sensitivity in old age. Since potential strain differences could exist in A1 organization between strains, we performed comparative analysis of neuronal populations in A1 of adult (~ 10 weeks) C57BL/6 mice and F1 (CBAxC57) mice. We used in vivo 2-photon imaging of pyramidal neurons in cortical layers L4 and L2/3 of awake mouse primary auditory cortex (A1) to characterize the populations of neurons that were active to tonal stimuli. Pure tones recruited neurons of widely ranging frequency preference in both layers and strains with neurons in F1 (CBAxC57) mice exhibiting a wider range of frequency preference particularly to higher frequencies. Frequency selectivity was slightly higher in C57BL/6 mice while neurons in F1 (CBAxC57) mice showed a greater sound-level sensitivity. The spatial heterogeneity of frequency preference was present in both strains with F1 (CBAxC57) mice exhibiting higher tuning diversity across all measured length scales. Our results demonstrate that the tone evoked responses and frequency representation in A1 of adult C57BL/6 and F1 (CBAxC57) mice are largely similar.
A priori prediction of tumour response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy in breast cancer patients using quantitative CT and machine learning
Authors: Moghadas-Dastjerdi Hadi , Sha-E-Tallat Hira Rahman , Sannachi Lakshmanan , Sadeghi-Naini Ali , Czarnota Gregory J.
Published: July 2020

Response to Neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) has demonstrated a high correlation to survival in locally advanced breast cancer (LABC) patients. An early prediction of responsiveness to NAC could facilitate treatment adjustments on an individual patient basis that would be expected to improve treatment outcomes and patient survival. This study investigated, for the first time, the efficacy of quantitative computed tomography (qCT) parametric imaging to characterize intra-tumour heterogeneity and its application in predicting tumour response to NAC in LABC patients. Textural analyses were performed on CT images acquired from 72 patients before the start of chemotherapy to determine quantitative features of intra-tumour heterogeneity. The best feature subset for response prediction was selected through a sequential feature selection with bootstrap 0.632 + area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve ($${\mathrm{A}\mathrm{U}\mathrm{C}}_{0.632+}$$

A
U
C

0.632
+

) as a performance criterion. Several classifiers were evaluated for response prediction using the selected feature subset. Amongst the applied classifiers an Adaboost decision tree provided the best results with cross-validated $${\mathrm{A}\mathrm{U}\mathrm{C}}_{0.632+}$$

A
U
C

0.632
+

, accuracy, sensitivity and specificity of 0.89, 84%, 80% and 88%, respectively. The promising results obtained in this study demonstrate the potential of the proposed biomarkers to be used as predictors of LABC tumour response to NAC prior to the start of treatment.
Formation of somatosensory detour circuits mediates functional recovery following dorsal column injury
Authors: Granier Charlène , Schwarting Julian , Fourli Evangelia , Laage-Gaupp Fabian , Hennrich Alexandru A. , Schmalz Anja , Jacobi Anne , Wesolowski Marta , Conzelmann Karl Klaus , Bareyre Florence M.
Published: July 2020

Anatomically incomplete spinal cord injuries can be followed by functional recovery mediated, in part, by the formation of intraspinal detour circuits. Here, we show that adult mice recover tactile and proprioceptive function following a unilateral dorsal column lesion. We therefore investigated the basis of this recovery and focused on the plasticity of the dorsal column-medial lemniscus pathway. We show that ascending dorsal root ganglion (DRG) axons branch in the spinal grey matter and substantially increase the number of these collaterals following injury. These sensory fibers exhibit synapsin-positive varicosities, indicating their integration into spinal networks. Using a monosynaptic circuit tracing with rabies viruses injected into the cuneate nucleus, we show the presence of spinal cord neurons that provide a detour pathway to the original target area of DRG axons. Notably the number of contacts between DRG collaterals and those spinal neurons increases by more than 300% after injury. We then characterized these interneurons and showed that the lesion triggers a remodeling of the connectivity pattern. Finally, using re-lesion experiments after initial remodeling of connections, we show that these detour circuits are responsible for the recovery of tactile and proprioceptive function. Taken together our study reveals that detour circuits represent a common blueprint for axonal rewiring after injury.
A pilot study of brain morphometry following donepezil treatment in mild cognitive impairment: volume changes of cortical/subcortical regions and hippocampal subfields
Authors: Kim Gwang-Won , Kim Byeong-Chae , Park Kwang Sung , Jeong Gwang-Woo
Published: July 2020

The efficacy of donepezil is well known for improving the cognitive performance in patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Most of the recent neuroimaging studies focusing on the brain morphometry have dealt with the targeted brain structures, and thus it remains unknown how donepezil treatment influences the volume change over the whole brain areas including the cortical and subcortical regions and hippocampal subfields in particular. This study aimed to evaluate overall gray matter (GM) volume changes after donepezil treatment in MCI, which is a prodromal phase of AD, using voxel-based morphometry. Patients with MCI underwent the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) before and after 6-month donepezil treatment. The cognitive function for MCI was evaluated using the questionnaires of the Korean version of the mini-mental state examination (K-MMSE) and Alzheimer’s disease assessment scale-cognitive subscale (ADAS-Cog). Compared with healthy controls, patients with MCI showed significantly lower GM volumes in the hippocampus and its subfields, specifically in the right subiculum and left cornu ammonis (CA3). The average scores of K-MMSE in patients with MCI improved by 8% after donepezil treatment. Treated patients showed significantly higher GM volumes in the putamen, globus pailldus, and inferior frontal gyrus after donepezil treatment (p < 0.001). However, whole hippocampal volume in the patients decreased by 0.6% after 6-month treatment, and the rate of volume change in the left hippocampus was negatively correlated with the period of treatment. These findings will be useful for screening and tracking MCI, as well as understanding of the pathogenesis of MCI in connection with brain morphometric change.
Integrated network modeling approach defines key metabolic responses of soil microbiomes to perturbations
Authors: McClure Ryan S. , Lee Joon-Yong , Chowdhury Taniya Roy , Bottos Eric M. , White Richard Allen , Kim Young-Mo , Nicora Carrie D. , Metz Thomas O. , Hofmockel Kirsten S. , Jansson Janet K. , Song Hyun-Seob
Published: July 2020

The soil environment is constantly changing due to shifts in soil moisture, nutrient availability and other conditions. To contend with these changes, soil microorganisms have evolved a variety of ways to adapt to environmental perturbations, including regulation of gene expression. However, it is challenging to untangle the complex phenotypic response of the soil to environmental change, partly due to the absence of predictive modeling frameworks that can mechanistically link molecular-level changes in soil microorganisms to a community’s functional phenotypes (or metaphenome). Towards filling this gap, we performed a combined analysis of metabolic and gene co-expression networks to explore how the soil microbiome responded to changes in soil moisture and nutrient conditions and to determine which genes were expressed under a given condition. Our integrated modeling approach revealed previously unknown, but critically important aspects of the soil microbiomes’ response to environmental perturbations. Incorporation of metabolomic and transcriptomic data into metabolic reaction networks identified condition-specific signature genes that are uniquely associated with dry, wet, and glycine-amended conditions. A subsequent gene co-expression network analysis revealed that drought-associated genes occupied more central positions in a network model of the soil community, compared to the genes associated with wet, and glycine-amended conditions. These results indicate the occurrence of system-wide metabolic coordination when soil microbiomes cope with moisture or nutrient perturbations. Importantly, the approach that we demonstrate here to analyze large-scale multi-omics data from a natural soil environment is applicable to other microbiome systems for which multi-omics data are available.
Retrospective study of short-term complications associated with early morphine use in intubated premature infants
Authors: Al-Mouqdad Mountasser M. , Khalil Thanaa M. , Asfour Suzan S.
Published: July 2020

Relieving neonatal pain is essential for the management of premature infants. Morphine is the most frequently used analgesic in neonatal intensive care. Here we report the relationship between early morphine infusion and the composite outcome of intraventricular hemorrhage and/or death in intubated premature infants. Infants (gestational age ≤ 32 weeks and birth weight < 1,500 g) intubated on admission were retrospectively evaluated in a large tertiary neonatal intensive care unit. Modified log-Poisson regression with robust variance estimator and Cox regression was applied to adjust the relative risk for infants’ outcomes. Of 420 premature infants, 230 (54.7%) received continuous morphine infusion in the first 72 h. Of these, 153 were < 28 gestational weeks; of the 190 patients who did not receive morphine, 63 were < 28 gestational weeks. The analysis revealed that infants < 28 gestational weeks who received morphine were significantly associated with an increased risk for IVH and/or death [adjusted relative risk (aRR) 1.37, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.1–1.71)], and mortality (aRR 1.83, 95% CI 1.17–2.89). Moreover, in infants < 28 gestational weeks, survival was low in those infants who were exposed to morphine infusion in the first 72 h (hazard ratio 2.11; 95% CI 1.19–3.73). Early morphine infusion is associated with an increased risk for IVH and/or death; however, further studies are required to verify our findings.
Effects of pirfenidone targeting the tumor microenvironment and tumor-stroma interaction as a novel treatment for non-small cell lung cancer
Authors: Fujiwara Ayako , Funaki Soichiro , Fukui Eriko , Kimura Kenji , Kanou Takashi , Ose Naoko , Minami Masato , Shintani Yasushi
Published: July 2020

Targeting cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), as well as the crosstalk between stroma and cancer cells, could be of value in managing cancers. Pirfenidone (PFD) is an anti-fibrotic agent for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. This study aimed to investigate the possibility that PFD might exert an anti-tumor effect through inhibition of fibroblast activation and the tumor-stroma interaction in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cell lines in vitro and in vivo. PFD significantly inhibited myofibroblast differentiation and activation of both primary cultured normal human lung fibroblasts and CAFs. Cocultivation of NSCLC cells with conditioned media (CM) of fibroblasts changed the morphology or epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) status, and PFD suppressed these changes. Cocultivation of CAFs with CM of NSCLC cells also induced activation of CAFs, and these changes were suppressed by PFD. On in vivo examination, CAFs promoted tumor progression, and PFD suppressed tumor progression with an inhibitory effect on tumor-stroma crosstalk. PFD might inhibit not only fibroblast activity, but also the crosstalk between cancer cells and fibroblasts. PFD may have great potential as a novel treatment for NSCLC from multiple perspectives.
Heat capacity signature of frustrated trimerons in magnetite
Authors: Sahling S. , Lorenzo J. E. , Remenyi G. , Marin C. , Katkov V. L. , Osipov V. A.
Published: July 2020

Recently it has been proposed that the long-range electronic order formed by trimerons in magnetite should be frustrated due to the great degeneracy of arrangements linking trimerons. This result has important consequences as charge ordering from the condensed minority band electrons leads to a complex 3D antiferro orbital order pattern. Further more, the corner sharing tetrahedra structure of spinel B-sites supports frustration for antiferromagnetic alignments. Therefore frustration due to competing interactions will itself induce disorder and very likely frustration in the spin orientations. Here we present very low temperature specific heat data that show two deviations to the magnons and phonons contributions, that we analyze in terms of Schottky-type anomalies. The first one is associated with the thermal activation across both ferroelastic twin and ferromagnetic anti-phase domains. The second Schottky-type anomaly displays an inverse (1/H) field dependence which is a direct indication of the disordered glassy network with macroscopically degenerated singular ground states.
Loss of protozoan and metazoan intestinal symbiont biodiversity in wild primates living in unprotected forests
Authors: Barelli Claudia , Pafčo Barbora , Manica Mattia , Rovero Francesco , Rosà Roberto , Modrý David , Hauffe Heidi C.
Published: July 2020

In light of the current biodiversity crisis, investigating the human impact on non-human primate gut biology is important to understanding the ecological significance of gut community dynamics across changing habitats and its role in conservation. Using traditional coproscopic parasitological techniques, we compared the gastrointestinal protozoan and metazoan symbiont richness of two primates: the Udzungwa red colobus (Procolobus gordonorum) and the yellow baboon (Papio cynocephalus). These species live sympatrically in both protected and unprotected forests within the Udzungwa Mountains of Tanzania with distinct ecological adaptations and diets. Our results showed that terrestrial and omnivorous yellow baboons had 2 (95% CI 1.47–2.73) and 3.78 (2.62–5.46) times higher gut symbiont richness (both including and excluding rare protozoans) compared to the arboreal and leaf-eating Udzungwa red colobus in unprotected and protected forest, respectively. We also found a consistent depletion of symbiont richness in red colobus living in the unprotected forest fragment compared to the continuous protected forests [the latter having 1.97 times (95% CI 1.33–2.92) higher richness], but not in yellow baboons. Richness reduction was particularly evident in the Udzungwa red colobus monkeys, confirming the pattern we reported previously for gut bacterial communities. This study demonstrates the impact of human activities even on the microbiodiversity of the intestinal tract of this species. Against the background of rapid global change and habitat degradation, and given the health benefits of intact gut communities, the decrease in natural gut symbionts reported here is worrying. Further study of these communities should form an essential part of the conservation framework.
Increased levels of VEGF-C and macrophage infiltration in lipedema patients without changes in lymphatic vascular morphology
Authors: Felmerer Gunther , Stylianaki Aikaterini , Hollmén Maija , Ströbel Philipp , Stepniewski Adam , Wang Anna , Frueh Florian S. , Kim Bong-Sung , Giovanoli Pietro , Lindenblatt Nicole , Gousopoulos Epameinondas
Published: July 2020

Lipedema is a chronic adipose tissue disorder characterized by the disproportional subcutaneous deposition of fat and is commonly misdiagnosed as lymphedema or obesity. The molecular determinants of the lipedema remain largely unknown and only speculations exist regarding the lymphatic system involvement. The aim of the present study is to characterize the lymphatic vascular involvement in established lipedema. The histological and molecular characterization was conducted on anatomically-matched skin and fat biopsies as well as serum samples from eleven lipedema and ten BMI-matched healthy patients. Increased systemic levels of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-C (P = 0.02) were identified in the serum of lipedema patients. Surprisingly, despite the increased VEGF-C levels no morphological changes of the lymphatic vessels were observed. Importantly, expression analysis of lymphatic and blood vessel-related genes revealed a marked downregulation of Tie2 (P < 0.0001) and FLT4 (VEGFR-3) (P = 0.02) consistent with an increased macrophage infiltration (P = 0.009), without changes in the expression of other lymphatic markers. Interestingly, a distinct local cytokine milieu, with decreased VEGF-A (P = 0.04) and VEGF-D (P = 0.02) expression was identified. No apparent lymphatic anomaly underlies lipedema, providing evidence for the different disease nature in comparison to lymphedema. The changes in the lymphatic-related cytokine milieu might be related to a modified vascular permeability developed secondarily to lipedema progression.
Grain boundary facilitated dissolution of nanocrystalline NpO2(s) from legacy waste processing
Authors: Peruski Kathryn M. , Koehler Kelliann C. , Powell Brian A.
Published: July 2020

Nanocrystalline NpO2(s) dissolves preferentially at grain boundaries, producing aqueous and colloidal neptunium. Dissolution mechanisms may impact the environmental fate of NpO2(s) in legacy radioactive waste management.
Ultrathin graphene oxide membrane with constructed tent-shaped structures for efficient and tunable molecular sieving
Authors: Yang Kaijie , Pan Tingting , Hong Seunghyun , Zhang Kun , Zhu Xiaoying , Chen Baoliang
Published: July 2020

Tent-shaped ultrathin GO membrane for tunable molecular sieving.
Dihydrochalcones inMalusinhibit bacterial growth by reducing cell membrane integrity
Authors: Wang Jinxiao , Yang Ruijia , Xiao Zhengcao , Xu Qipeng , Li Pengmin , Ma Fengwang
Published: July 2020

Dihydrochalcones inMalushad excellent antibacterial activity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria.
Quantifying the level of nanoparticle uptake in mammalian cells using flow cytometry
Authors: Shin HyeRim , Kwak Minjeong , Lee Tae Geol , Lee Ji Youn
Published: July 2020

Reliable quantification of nanoparticle uptake in mammalian cells is essential to study the effects of nanoparticles in the fields of medicine and environmental science.
Sub-5 nm monolayer germanium selenide (GeSe) MOSFETs: towards a high performance and stable device
Authors: Guo Ying , Pan Feng , Zhao Gaoyang , Ren Yajie , Yao Binbin , Li Hong , Lu Jing
Published: July 2020

ML GeSe field-effect transistors have an excellent device performance, even at the 1 nm gate-length. The on-state current of the devices can fulfill the requirements of the International Technology Roadmap for Semiconductors (2013 version).
Phase selective synthesis of nickel silicide nanocrystals in molten salts for electrocatalysis of the oxygen evolution reaction
Authors: Kumar Ram , Bahri Mounib , Song Yang , Gonell Francisco , Thomas Cyril , Ersen Ovidiu , Sanchez Clément , Laberty-Robert Christel , Portehault David
Published: July 2020

A strategy for phase selective synthesis of nickel silicide nanocrystals is designed in molten salts. These nanomaterials yield active electrocatalysts for the oxygen evolution reaction.
Theoretical mechanistic study of metallaphotoredox catalysis: C–N cross-coupling via Ni(ii)-mediated σ-bond metathesis
Authors: Li Run-Han , Zhu Bo , Wang Shuang , Geng Yun , Yan Li-Kai , Su Zhong-Min , Yao Li-Shuang , Zhong Rong-Lin , Guan Wei
Published: July 2020

A radical mechanism merging *IrIII reductive quenching and NiII-mediated σ-bond metathesis has been proposed for metallaphotoredox catalyzed C–N cross-coupling.
Catalytic oxidation of NO over MnOx–CoOx/TiO2 in the presence of a low ratio of O3/NO: activity and mechanism
Authors: Si Meng , Shen Boxiong , Liu Lijun , Zhang Haohao , Zhou Wenjun , Wang Jianqiao , Zhang Xiao , Zhang Zhikun , Wu Chunfei
Published: July 2020

O3 promotes the formation of monodentate nitrates at low temperature, thus improving the efficiency of NO oxidation.
Selective oxidation of n-buthanol to butyraldehyde over MnCo2O4 spinel oxides
Authors: Mitran Gheorghita , Chen Shaojiang , Seo Dong-Kyun
Published: July 2020

Partial oxidation of n-butanol to butyraldehyde, propionaldehyde and acetaldehyde over MnCo2O4 spinel oxides has been investigated.
Dual enzyme-like activity of iridium nanoparticles and their applications for the detection of glucose and glutathione
Authors: Wang Qingqing , Hong Guanghui , Liu Yang , Hao Jia , Liu Shaoqin
Published: July 2020

Iridium nanoparticles could functionally mimic peroxidase and catalase. The possible mechanism of intrinsic dual-enzyme mimetic activity of Ir NPs was investigated.
Correction: Identifying the anionic redox activity in cation-disordered Li1.25Nb0.25Fe0.50O2/C oxide cathodes for Li-ion batteries
Authors: Luo Mingzeng , Zheng Shiyao , Wu Jue , Zhou Ke , Zuo Wenhua , Feng Min , He Huajin , Liu Rui , Zhu Jianping , Zhao Gang , Chen Shijian , Yang Wanli , Peng Zhangquan , Wu Qihui , Yang Yong
Published: July 2020

Correction for ‘Identifying the anionic redox activity in cation-disordered Li1.25Nb0.25Fe0.50O2/C oxide cathodes for Li-ion batteries’ by Mingzeng Luo et al., J. Mater. Chem. A, 2020, 8, 5115–5127, DOI: 10.1039/C9TA11739C.
Two-dimensional FeP@C nanosheets as a robust oxidase mimic for fluorescence detection of cysteine and Cu2+
Authors: Song Chan , Zhao Weiwen , Liu Haibo , Ding Wei , Zhang Linlin , Wang Jie , Yao Yuewei , Yao Cheng
Published: July 2020

In the past few years, the development of novel nanozymes with excellent performance has attracted increasing attention in biosensing.
Harnessing biological applications of quantum materials: opportunities and precautions
Authors: Modayil Korah Mani , Nori Tejaswi , Tongay Sefaattin , Green Matthew D.
Published: July 2020

Biological applications of quantum materials require an intimate material-biology interface. Thus, parallel toxicological studies should be performed so that biological interactions can be considered as a separate and critical performance attribute.
Correcting for chromatic stellar activity effects in transits with multiband photometric monitoring: application to WASP-52
Authors: Rosich A. , Herrero E. , Mallonn M. , Ribas I. , Morales J. C. , Perger M. , Anglada-Escudé G. , Granzer T.
Published: July 2020

Context.The properties, distribution, and evolution of inhomogeneities on the surface of active stars, such as dark spots and bright faculae, significantly influence the determination of the parameters of an orbiting exoplanet. The chromatic effect they have on transmission spectroscopy, for example, could affect the analysis of data from future space missions such asJames WebbSpace Telescope and Ariel.

Aims.To quantify and mitigate the effects of those surface phenomena, we developed a modelling approach to derive the surface distribution and properties of active regions by modelling simultaneous multi-wavelength time-series observables.

Methods.We present an upgraded version of theStarSimcode, now featuring the capability to solve the inverse problem and derive the properties of the stars and their active regions by modelling time-series data. As a test case, we analyse ~600 days ofBV RImultiband photometry from the 0.8-mJoan Oró(TJO) and 1.2-m STELLA telescopes of the K2 V exoplanet host star WASP-52. From the results, we further simulated the chromatic contribution of surface phenomena on the observables of its transiting planet.

Results.UsingStarSimwe are able to determine the relevant activity parameters of WASP-52 and reconstruct the time-evolving longitudinal map of active regions. The star shows a heterogeneous surface composed of dark spots with a mean temperature of 575 ± 150 K lower than the photospheric value, with filling factors ranging from 3 to 14%. We used the results to study the chromatic effects on the depths of exoplanet transits obtained at different epochs and corresponding to different stellar spot distributions. In the case of WASP-52, which has peak-to-peak photometric variations of ~7% in the visible, the residual effects of dark spots on the measured transit depth of its giant planet, after applying the calculated corrections, are about 10−4at 550 nm and 3 × 10−5at 6μm.

Conclusions.We demonstrate that by using contemporaneous ground-based multiband photometry of an active star, it is possible to reconstruct the parameters and distribution of active regions over time, thus making it feasible to quantify the chromatic effects on the planetary radii measured with transit spectroscopy and mitigate them by about an order of magnitude.
The magnetized disk-halo transition region of M 51
Authors: Kierdorf M. , Mao S. A. , Beck R. , Basu A. , Fletcher A. , Horellou C. , Tabatabaei F. , Ott J. , Haverkorn M.
Published: July 2020

The grand-design face-on spiral galaxy M 51 is an excellent laboratory for studying magnetic fields in galaxies. Due to wavelength-dependent Faraday depolarization, linearly polarized synchrotron emission at different radio frequencies yields a picture of the galaxy at different depths: observations in the L-band (1–2 GHz) probe the halo region, while at 4.85 GHz (C-band) and 8.35 GHz (X-band), the linearly polarized emission mostly emerges from the disk region of M 51. We present new observations of M 51 using the Karl G. Jansky Very Large Array at the intermediate frequency range of the S-band (2–4 GHz), where previously no high-resolution broadband polarization observations existed, to shed new light on the transition region between the disk and the halo. We present the S-band radio images of the distributions of the total intensity, polarized intensity, degree of polarization, and rotation measure (RM). The RM distribution in the S-band shows a fluctuating pattern without any apparent large-scale structure. We discuss a model of the depolarization of synchrotron radiation in a multi-layer magneto-ionic medium and compare the model predictions to the multi-frequency polarization data of M 51 between 1–8 GHz. The model makes distinct predictions of a two-layer (disk–halo) and three-layer (far-side halo “disk” near-side halo) system. Since the model predictions strongly differ within the wavelength range of the S-band, the new S-band data are essential for distinguishing between the different systems. A two-layer model of M 51 is preferred. The parameters of the model are adjusted to fit to the data of polarization fractions in a few selected regions. In three spiral arm regions, the turbulent field in the disk dominates with strengths between 18 μG and 24 μG, while the regular field strengths are 8 − 16 μG. In one inter-arm region, the regular field strength of 18 μG exceeds that of the turbulent field of 11 μG. The regular field strengths in the halo are 3 − 5 μG. The observed RMs in the disk-halo transition region are probably dominated by tangled regular fields, as predicted from models of evolving dynamos, and/or vertical fields, as predicted from numerical simulations of Parker instabilities or galactic winds. Both types of magnetic fields have frequent reversals on scales similar to or larger than the beam size (∼550 pc) that contribute to an increase of the RM dispersion and to distortions of any large-scale pattern of the regular field. Our study devises new ways of analyzing and interpreting broadband multi-frequency polarization data that will be applicable to future data from, for example, the Square Kilometre Array.
A review of amber and copal occurrences in Africa and their paleontological significance
Authors: Bouju Valentine , Perrichot Vincent
Published: July 2020

The paleontological interest for fossil plant resins (amber and copal) has greatly increased in the last decades, as field studies have resulted in the discovery of various new deposits worldwide. Yet, amber-rich deposits remain particularly scarce on continents from former Gondwana. Here we review the known occurrences of copal and amber from Africa, with a state-of-the-art regarding the age dating, the putative plant sources, the fossil content, as well as the paleoenvironmental settings. The first African ambers known to yield arthropods and other organismal inclusions, found recently from the early Cretaceous of Congo and the Miocene of Ethiopia, are briefly overviewed.
Invasive Beatmungstherapie im Sterbeprozess beenden – Schritt für Schritt
Authors: Schwartz Jacqueline , Meier Stefan , Simon Steffen T. , Michels Guido
Published: July 2020

Invasive mechanical ventilation can be terminated by immediate (palliative) extubation or by gradual reduction of ventilation with the ventilation access left open (terminal weaning). Both procedures are ethically equivalent and can be performed in everyday life, so that individual patient factors and the experience of the treatment team are decisive. However, the primary goal is to ensure that the patient and relatives do not suffer. This article presents step by step which aspects are relevant: communication, adjust or stop monitoring, selection and implementation of the appropriate procedure, preparatory measures, recognition and treatment of distressing symptoms by means of drug or non-drug therapy options and last but not least accurate documentation.
Nervensonografie – eine neurologische Perspektive auf chirurgisch relevante Krankheitsbilder der peripheren Nerven
Authors: Schreiber Stefanie , Vielhaber Stefan , Schelle Thomas
Published: July 2020

Die Nervensonografie ist ein relativ neues und patientennahes Verfahren zur Visualisierung der peripheren Nerven von ihren distalen bis zu den proximalen Segmenten. Mithilfe dieser Methode gelingt die Auffindung und anatomisch genaue Lokalisation von peripher-nervalen Läsionen sowie deren ätiologische Zuordnung. Die Nervensonografie kann dabei nervale Engpasssyndrome und deren sekundäre Ursachen relativ sicher diagnostizieren. Auch operativ zu versorgende Faszikeltorsionen lassen sich mithilfe von Ultraschall nachweisen. Weitere Anwendungsgebiete eröffnen sich durch sonografisch geführte Interventionen am peripheren Nerven sowie im Rahmen der intraoperativen Anwendung als Navigationsverfahren. In der interdisziplinären Zusammenarbeit mit den chirurgischen Fachrichtungen liegt der Wert des Nervenultraschalls vor allem in der frühzeitigen Detektion von irreversiblen traumatischen Nervenschädigungen i. S. kompletter Nervendurchtrennungen, die eine frühzeitige operative
Versorgung erforderlich machen. Für die neurologische Diagnostik relevant ist die Differenzierung zwischen verschiedenen Polyneuropathieformen. Der vorgelegte Übersichtsartikel soll eine Einführung in das Feld der Nervensonografie geben und die für die chirurgisch relevanten Krankheitsbilder des peripheren Nervensystems wesentlichen Ultraschallbefunde darstellen. Dieses neue bildgebende Verfahren wird zukünftig einer der Schlüssel für den Aufbau von interdisziplinären Kompetenzzentren zur Versorgung von Krankheitsbildern der peripheren Nerven sein.
A Prospective, Randomized Trial Testing Different Regimens of
Carbohydrate Administration to Prevent Major Reduction in Plasma Glucose
Follwing a Standardized Bout of Moderate Physical Activity in Patients with Type
1 Diabetes
Authors: Frenzke Hanna , Varnhorn Annette , Schulze Heike , Kahle-Stephan Melanie , Nauck Michael A.
Published: July 2020

Aim/Hypothesis It was the aim to prospectively study regimes
of “preventive” carbohydrate administration to avoid major
reduction in plasma glucose during physical activity.

Methods 24 patients with type 1 diabetes (age 41±12 years; 11
women, 13 men; BMI 26.5±4.7 kg/m2;
HbA1c 9.1±1.5%; insulin dose
0.64±0.22 IU/kg body weight and day) participated in one
experiment without physical activity and in three experiments with a 4 km,
60 min hike starting at 2 p.m.. No “preventive”
carbohydrates, 2×10 g or 2×20 g carbohydrates (muesli bars)
were taken when starting and after 30 min (randomized order). Plasma glucose
was determined.

Results Within 30 min after starting physical activity, plasma
glucose fell by approximately 70 mg/dl, making additional
carbohydrate intake necessary in 70% of the subjects. This drop was
not prevented by any regimens of “preventive” carbohydrate
intake. After the nadir, plasma glucose rose faster after the 2×20 g
carbohydrate regime (the largest amount tested; p=0.0036). With
“preventive” administration of carbohydrates, significantly
(p<0.05) less additional “therapeutic” carbohydrates
needed to be administered in 6 h following the initiation of the hike.

Conclusions/Interpretation In conclusion, in the setting of 2
h postprandial exercise in type 1 diabetes, preventive carbohydrate
supplementation alone will not completely eliminate the risk of brisk falls
in plasma glucose concentrations or hypoglycaemic episodes. Else, higher
amounts or repeated administration of carbohydrates may be necessary.
Level of Anxiety and Depression and Its Clinical and Sociodemographic Determinants among the Parents of Children with Cancer Undergoing Chemotherapy
Authors: Srivastava Shivayan , Menon Vikas , Kayal Smita , Hari Meenatchi , Dubashi Biswajit
Published: July 2020

Objective The aim of this study was to find the level of anxiety and depression and its clinical and sociodemographic determinants among the parents of children with cancer on chemotherapy.

Materials and Methods Hamilton-A (HAM-A) and Hamilton-D (HAM-D) scales were used to assess anxiety and depression, respectively, in this cross-sectional study. The assessed parents were administered the questionnaire along with collection of sociodemographic and clinical data through a structured data collection proforma between August 2018 and November 2018.

Statistical Analysis The sociodemographic factors and the clinical characteristics were analyzed and have been expressed descriptively and associations between the sociodemographic characteristics, clinical characteristics of the children, and the calculated scores obtained from HAM-A and HAM-D scales were analyzed using chi-squared test. A p-value of <0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results Out of 101 parents, 86 (85.14%) were found to have a mild, moderate, or severe depression score. Parents of children with solid tumors undergoing chemotherapy had higher frequency of severe and very severe depression. Majority of the parents (56.4%) assessed with HAM-A scale had mild level of anxiety that was significantly affected by the level of education.

Conclusion This study confirmed a very high frequency of depression and anxiety in the parents of children affected with cancer undergoing chemotherapy. Type of cancer (solid or hematological) was found to be a predictor of depression, while education level was found to be a predictor of anxiety in the parents.
Improving a fuzzy neural network for predicting storage usage and calculating customer value
Authors: Rabieyan Reza , Pohl Philipp
Published: July 2020

Predicting the behavior of customers plays a crucial role in the quality of resource management and customer services. In this article, a fuzzy neural network model for predicting the customer storage usage is identified. The identified fuzzy neural network is improved and finally the result of the improved fuzzy neural network is compared with some other fuzzy neural network and other prediction methods.
A review of molecular models for electrolyte solutions
Authors: Kim Meeri
Published: July 2020

The perspective article finds that current models tend to fail in similar ways, implying the need to improve our current force fields for electrolytes in water.
Air distribution in long transportation tunnels of the Baikal–Amur Mainline (BAM)
Authors: Krasyuk AM , Lugin IV , Alferova EL
Published: July 2020

This paper presents the research findings on air distribution due to piston effect in long railway tunnels. Modeling was performed for a freight train 1 km long in tunnels 3 and 6 km in length by way of numerical experimentation in the ANSYS Fluent environment. As a result, the relations of the air pressure on the front and back surfaces of the train to the train location in the tunnel were obtained, and the aerodynamic drag in the tunnel clearance was evaluated. The results were used to develop a quasi-dynamic model of piston effect for solving problems on static air distribution with network models. The air flow rates calculated for various cross-section tunnels with ANSYS Fluent and a network model exhibited satisfactory agreement. In the meanwhile, the time of solution for a tunnel 3 km long is 4·105 shorter with the network model than with 3D model, which is of practical importance in case of multi-variate calculations in ventilation deign for railway tunnels.
Process to assess rheological characteristics of rocks by underground geodesic data in terms of a viscoelastic model
Authors: Panov AV , Nazarov LA , Miroshnichenko NA
Published: July 2020

Under consideration is the process for evaluation of rheological properties of construction components in the underground chamber-and-pillar system to mine solid mineral reserves. The process is based on solving the inverse mixed-type problems in terms of a 2D viscoelastic geomedium model. Feasibility is demonstrated to evaluate in-situ state parameters characterizing rheological deformation of rocks. Numerical experiments with the use of synthetic input data (viz. relative displacements of the worked-out space contour points recorded by underground geodesic monitoring) for the prescribed absolute precision of the instruments made it possible to establish a required population of measurement data to provide an inverse problem-solving procedure.
Effect of a shock pulse shape on hollow pipe driving in soil: The field studies
Authors: Smolentsev AS , Primychkin AYu
Published: July 2020

This pilot research is aimed to advance vibropercussion driving of steel casings in soil in construction of underground utilities. The goal is to find mechanisms of fill of the casing tube with soil under different-shape shock pulses. The influence of the impact energy structure (shock pulse shape) is theoretically related with efficiency of hollow rod penetration in soil. The quantitative estimate of fill on the tube interior with soil uses a dimensionless fill factor. The influence of the tube diameter on increment in the soil plug length is demonstrated in terms of different percussive machines with different impact energies. The authors present a test bench and a procedure of the field research in various ground conditions, interpret the obtained data and compare them with the earlier results, both own and foreign.
Justification of pneumatic percussion machine performance in formation of main cracks from holes in natural stone
Authors: Tambovtsev PN
Published: July 2020

The study focuses on a percussive machine for directional fracturing of natural stone. The impact machine forces a rock-breaking tool to make a hole and penetrate it. Stone is propped as a result, and a main crack is formed finally along the row of holes. For the gravity-type pneumatic percussion machines, the circuit design is justified, and the numerical analysis of structural constants and performance of the machines is carried out based on the modeled dynamics of basic units. The operating cycle of the machine was evaluated by blow energy, blow frequency and compressed air flow rate. It is found that the operating cycle of the gravity-type pneumatic percussion machine with elastic valve ensures effective consumption of compressed air and high energy of impact. The numerical modeling data are proved by experimental results at the Institute of Mining, SB RAS.
Substantiation of laboratory facilities set to study physico-mechanical properties of coal-gas-moisture composites
Authors: Rostovtsev VI , Kulagin OR , Sivolap BB
Published: July 2020

Intensive development of coal deposits along with introduction of advanced high-performance machinery leads to higher number of fire- and explosion-hazardous events induced by gas dynamic phenomena at mines. Mass media regularly inform on tragic events concerning the combustible gas explosions and loss of lives at collieries in Russia and abroad. The main subject is development of a composite on the basis of solid coal and rock particles, gasses (methane, hydrogen) and moisture, prone to penetrate into mechanisms, initiating catastrophic dynamic processes in course of mining operations. The present research objective is foundation of a laboratory base to develop coal-gas-moisture composites in the form of coal cores, experimental investigation into their physico-mechanical properties. The special stand for development and investigation into coal-gas-moisture composites was designed. The relationships of variations in physico-mechanical properties of cores versus pressure were obtained experimentally on various materials (coal, limestone, graphite, etc) at the new-designed stand. The long-flame coal of different coarseness were used to establish specific variations in temperature, deformation of briquetted mass, its density under increase in pressure up to 200 MPa. It is demonstrated that temperature of a coal briquette increases by maximum 14 °C under atmosphere pressure and 10 °C in vacuum. The test stand allows physical modeling of coal and rocks with account for their material composition. The scientific novelty involves development of composites simulating mineral coal and rocks under prescribed physical and mechanical conditions.
Stress state of underground opening support considering its interaction with rock mass
Authors: Seryakov VM
Published: July 2020

This study addresses stress state of support systems in underground mine openings when the boundary of an opening is incompletely relaxed from forces commensurable with the initial stress state of rock mass. The calculation algorithm is based on the stiffness matrix composed of mechanical characteristics of intact rock mass. The features of the stress state of underground mining opening support in various modes of deformation of the opening boundary are determined.
Automatic detection of number-plate and traffic infractions of motorcyclists by Intelligent Transportation Systems
Authors: Valencia J F , Ramírez-Guerrero T , Castañeda L F , Toro M
Published: July 2020

Public Transportation Strategic Systems are a digital transformation for the urban transportation service in the Colombian medium-size cities, from 200,000 to 600,000 inhabitants. The implementation of the urban public transportation services has not started in many cities; as a result, this cities in Colombia have an increase of illegal motorcycle taxis, which cause a high number of road accidents. The main method for controlling illegal motorcycle taxis is by giving the drivers transit fines. In order to give such transit fines, transit police have several control points in medium-size cities. In this article, we developed a mobile application to detect three types of transit infractions usually committed by motorcycle taxi drivers. The purpose of this application is to be a tool for the transit police agents to disincentivize the use of motorcycle taxis. The mobile application detects a possible transit infraction, saves the photo, motorcycle plate number, date, and time. Afterwards, the application generates a support for the transit infractions that will be issued by the transit police officer. We performed an experiment using this mobile application in the city of Valledupar, Colombia. The mobile application captured 40 possible transit infractions.
Development of a High Performance Remote Terminal Unit (RTU) of Wireless SCADA System for Monitoring Performance of Micro Hydro Power Plant
Authors: Salahuddin  , Bakhtiar  , Yusman  , Fadhli
Published: July 2020

Remote Terminal Unit (RTU) is one part of SCADA system that functions to collect data from the plant, RTU itself is a unit of minicomputer that is equipped with a standalone system with a smaller physical size. The main objective of this research is to develop a high performance RTU for the wireless SCADA system that is applied to monitoring the performance of microhydro power plants (MHPP). Remote terminal units are built using Arduino Uno as a control center that will regulate analog data traffic from sensors connected to the system. The Remote Terminal Unit processes data from sensors that are converted into digital data and then sent via communication devices to the Main Terminal Unit (MTU) section that is located in the remote control center. The data received from sensor consist of voltage, current, frequency and turbine rotation of a MHPP. The Remote Terminal Unit (RTU) has been able to properly acquire data received by the sensor and then send it to the Main Terminal Unit via an AX.25 protocol based communication device.