bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Future of Marketing Education
Authors: Finch David , Nadeau John , O’Reilly Norm
Published: November 2012

Drawing on the marketing literature, as well as the views of both marketing educators and current marketers in Canada, a survey was conducted of marketing practitioners to determine their top priorities for improvement in marketing education, as well as the key challenges in need of attention. An importance-performance analysis was carried out on these data. Findings indicate that the top current priority for practitioners is knowledge related to areas associated with measuring return-on-investment and strategic marketing. Results also support that meta-skills are perceived as high priorities for improvement, including the ability to creatively identify, formulate, and solve problems; the ability to write in a business environment; and the ability to set priorities. Some of the areas identified as lower priority in this study included design-related skills, production, and merchandising. Suggestions for changes to marketing education, future research, and considerations for practitioners are provided.
Ideology for the 10 Billion
Authors: Eckhardt Giana M. , Dholakia Nikhilesh , Varman Rohit
Published: November 2012

Discussions of ideology are akin to walking a tightrope, especially in a discipline that largely views itself as nonideological, but whose concepts are used to advance ideas and ideologies of all kinds. Through three insightful refereed articles and four invited commentaries, this special issue of the Journal of Macromarketing manages to walk the tightrope, even though the balance bar lurches dangerously to one side and then to the other. As the special issue editors, in this introductory essay, we set up the context for discussions of ideology and marketing, provide some of our views, and then introduce the seven contributions via brief previews.
Brand Yourself a Changemaker!
Authors: Bandinelli Carolina , Arvidsson Adam
Published: November 2012

This article uses the case of social entrepreneurs or “Changemakers” to investigate the phenomenon of self-branding among knowledge workers. We argue that self-branding is not only the effect of a neoliberal regime of governmentality, but that this phenomenon could also represent the seed of a new and more rational value regime that could provide the basis for a more adequate institutional framework for an emerging economy of immaterial labor. We explore the political and ethical implications of this suggestion.
Marked Depletion of the Water-Channel Protein, AQP5, in the Canine Nictitating Membrane Glands Might Contribute to the Development of KCS
Authors: Terakado K. , Yogo T. , Kohara Y. , Soeta S. , Nezu Y. , Harada Y. , Hara Y. , Amasaki H. , Tagawa M.
Published: November 2012

The objectives of this study were to investigate the normal histological localization of aquaporin (AQP) 5 protein in the lacrimal and nictitating membrane glands and to compare this localization in healthy and keratoconjunctivitis sicca (KCS) dogs. Lacrimal and nictitating membrane glands of 5 healthy Beagles and nictitating membrane glands of 5 KCS dogs (3 Beagles and 2 mongrel dogs: 0–13 years) were used for the present study. The owners of the KCS dogs did not consent to perform biopsies of the lacrimal glands. The localization and distribution of AQP5 protein were investigated by an immunohistochemical technique. In immunohistochemical staining, AQP5 was localized in the apical site of acinar epithelial and ductal epithelial cells from both the lacrimal and nictitating membrane glands in healthy dogs. However, AQP5 was not detected in the 5 KCS dogs. These results for immunohistochemical AQP5 localization might correlate with the deficiency in tear secretion found in KCS dogs.
Responsiveness to Intervention in Reading
Authors: Jenkins Joseph R. , Schiller Ellen , Blackorby Jose , Thayer Sara Kalb , Tilly W. David
Published: November 2012

This article describes how a purposeful sample of 62 elementary schools from 17 states implemented a Response to Intervention (RtI) framework for reading. School informants answered surveys and were interviewed about differentiated instruction in Tier 1, screening/benchmarking, where Tier 2 interventions were located, typical group size and the minutes/day of intervention in Tiers 2 and 3 groups, and how students with individualized educational programs (IEPs) in reading were served in the school’s RtI model. Schools reported using differentiated instruction in Tier 1, favored curriculum-based measures for screening/benchmarking and progress monitoring, reported more intensive interventions and more progress monitoring in Tier 3, and used a wide variety of models for serving students with IEPs within the schools’ RtI models.
Beneficial role of celery oil in lowering the di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate-induced testicular damage
Authors: Madkour Naglaa K
Published: November 2012

Di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP), the most abundant phthalate in the environment, is known to be a reproductive toxicant. Considering the therapeutic significance of medicinal plants, this study was conducted to evaluate the effects of administration of celery oil on DEHP-induced testicular toxicity. The experiment was carried out for 8 weeks on 36 male rats that were divided equally into six groups. Group 1 was kept as normal control (given vehicle), while rats of group 2 were administered orally 200 mg/kg/day of celery oil. Groups 3 and 5 were orally given 500 and 1000 mg DEHP/kg/day, respectively. Groups 4 and 6 were treated with similar doses of DEHP as in groups 3 and 5 plus celery oil (200 mg/kg/day). Body and testicular weights, sperm parameters, serum hormones (testosterone, follicle-stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone and estradiol), antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and catalase (CAT)) and expression of cytochrome P450 aromatase (CYP19) messenger RNA (mRNA) were investigated at the end of 8th week. Treatment with DEHP alone resulted in a significant decrease in body and testicular weights, sperm parameters and serum hormone levels when compared with control. On the other hand, testicular antioxidant enzymes showed a significant dose-dependent increase. The expression of CYP19 mRNA was significantly reduced by increasing the doses of DEHP. Administration of celery oil along with DEHP partially prevented the decrease in body and testicular weights and enhanced epididymal sperm count, serum hormone levels and the expression of CYP19 mRNA along with diminution in the activities of SOD, GPx and CAT enzymes. The obtained results showed that the celery improved the testicular alterations induced by DEHP in albino rats.
Selenium pretreatment attenuates formaldehyde-induced genotoxicity in A549 cell lines
Authors: Shi Yu-Qin , Chen Xin , Dai Juan , Jiang Zhong-Fa , Li Ning , Zhang Ben-Yan , Zhang Zhi-Bing
Published: November 2012

Formaldehyde is a major industrial chemical and has been extensively used in the manufacture of synthetic resins and chemicals. Numerous studies indicate that formaldehyde can induce various genotoxic effects in vitro and in vivo. A recent study indicated that formaldehyde impaired antioxidant cellular defences and enhanced lipid peroxidation. Selenium is an important antioxidant. We hypothesized that reactive oxygen species (ROS) and lipid peroxidation are involved in formaldehyde-induced genotoxicity in human lung cancer cell line, A549 cell line. To test the hypothesis, we investigated the effects of selenium on formaldehyde-induced genotoxicity in A549 cell lines. The results indicated that exposure to formaldehyde showed the induction of DNA–protein cross-links (DPCs). Formaldehyde significantly increased the malondialdehyde levels and decreased the activities of superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase. In addition, the activations of necrosis factor-κB (NF-κB) and activator protein 1 (AP-1) were induced by the formaldehyde treatment. The pretreatment with selenium counteracted the formaldehyde-induced oxidative stress, ameliorated DPCs and attenuated the activation of NF-κB and AP-1 in A549 cell lines. All the results suggested that the pretreatment with selenium attenuated the formaldehyde-induced genotoxicity through its ROS scavenging and anti-DPCs effects in A549 cell lines.
The Postmodern Ethnographic Flaneur and the Study of Hyper-Mediated Everyday Life
Authors: Soukup Charles
Published: November 2012

The saturation of mediated communication in contemporary cultural life demands that ethnographers develop alternative methods of social research. I argue that they should embrace the mobilized gaze of the flaneur to understand how postmodern, mediated experiences fit into everyday cultural practices. I also offer a number of recommendations that can guide ethnographers as they examine hyper-mediated cultural contexts. These recommendations include (1) embrace the emergent, fleeting moment; (2) think dialectically about culture; (3) represent the postmodern in “writing” culture; (4) conceptualize ethnography as partial, subjective, and self-reflexive; and (5) embrace the semiotic tradition. By adopting the methodological practices of flanerie, ethnographers can provide compelling and evocative analyses of postmodern culture that make sense of the complex cultural moment.
Asthma Education in the Student Laboratory
Authors: Thurmon Tara B. , Schwartz Lorie L. , Jervis Kelly P.
Published: November 2012

The Integrated Pharmacy Skills Laboratory (IPSL) at South University School of Pharmacy is dedicated to providing future pharmacists with the necessary knowledge and skills to care for asthma patients. Asthma is a chronic respiratory disorder that is characterized by airway inflammation, hyper responsive airways, and bronchoconstriction. It affects more than 30 million people and accounts for $30 billion in health care costs. Therefore, it is vital for our students to be educated in asthma management including medications and devices to improve patient outcomes. Students, as future pharmacist, learn to manage asthma patients in the community setting, the hospital setting, and the clinic setting through various laboratory experiences.
9/11, Act II
Authors: Gaissmaier Wolfgang , Gigerenzer Gerd
Published: November 2012

Terrorists can strike twice—first, by directly killing people, and second, through dangerous behaviors induced by fear in people’s minds. Previous research identified a substantial increase in U.S. traffic fatalities subsequent to the September 11 terrorist attacks, which were accounted for as due to a substitution of driving for flying, induced by fear of dread risks. Here, we show that this increase in fatalities varied widely by region, a fact that was best explained by regional variations in increased driving. Two factors, in turn, explained these variations in increased driving. The weaker factor was proximity to New York City, where stress reactions to the attacks were previously shown to be greatest. The stronger factor was driving opportunity, which was operationalized both as number of highway miles and as number of car registrations per inhabitant. Thus, terrorists’ second strike exploited both fear of dread risks and, paradoxically, an environmental structure conducive to generating increased driving, which ultimately increased fatalities.
Emergency research and the interests of participants
Authors: Pattinson Shaun D.
Published: November 2012

The UK Clinical Trials Regulations were amended in 2006 and 2008 to facilitate research on medicinal products administered in emergency situations. The Regulations, which implement the EU Clinical Trials Directive, had previously required prior consent to participation in a clinical trial from either the participant or the participant’s legal representative. These amendments put emergency research on medicinal products on a similar footing to research on other types of invasive emergency treatment. This article argues that this was a positive development from the perspective of science and society and one for which there is a strong ethical basis. Nonetheless, it is argued that the UK Regulations cannot be interpreted consistently with European law without distortion contrary to the rule of law. It is also argued that the Directive needs to be amended or replaced to ensure a proper balance between the interests of participants and the interests of science and society. A number of specific suggestions are made, and the proposals made by the European Commission in July 2012 are supported. It is, however, argued that more needs to be done to protect the conduct of emergency trials from the conflicts of interests and biases that generally beset clinical trials.
Socioeconomic Inequality in the Use of Rituximab Therapy Among Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma Patients in Chinese Public Hospitals
Authors: Yu-Wen Huang , Mei-Bian Zhang , Xiang Xu , Xiao-Hua Xu , Quan Zhou , Le Jian
Published: November 2012

Rituximab is a patient-paid effective monoclonal-antibody drug for non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL). Little is known in China, a country with unequal distribution of wealth and medical insurance systems, about the impact of socioeconomic status (SES) on selecting rituximab therapy in NHL patients. A total of 328 NHL inpatients in 2 public hospitals in Hangzhou were recruited and divided into 2 equal groups: with rituximab therapy and with no rituximab therapy group. Selection and frequency of rituximab therapy increased with duration of education and in urban citizens ( P < .01). Officers and businessmen were more likely to use rituximab therapy compared with farmers ( P < .01). Patients covered by Urban Employee Basic Medical Insurance were more likely to select rituximab therapy than those insured with Urban-Rural Residents Basic Medical Insurance ( P < .01). There was an inequality in provision of rituximab therapy among Chinese NHL patients, and this was associated with differences in SES status. Effective measures are suggested to ameliorate the inequality issue.
The Longitudinal Effects of Study Abroad Programs on Teachers’ Content Knowledge and Perspectives
Authors: Biraimah Karen L. , Jotia Agreement Lathi
Published: November 2012

The goal of this study was to assess the longitudinal effectiveness and impact of study abroad programs on teachers’ content knowledge and professional perspectives. The study focused on a recent Fulbright-Hays Group Project Abroad to Botswana (summer 2011) and compares results with an earlier Fulbright-Hays program to Singapore and Malaysia (summer 1995). Data were obtained through multiple objective and open-ended instruments administered before departure and several months after participants returned to the United States. The results suggest significant trends and outcomes. Quite clearly, the knowledge base of the participants increased as a result of the project, though much of the factual material might have been obtained without leaving home. However, it was within the qualitative and affective domains that the most intriguing results occurred. Participants’ perspectives on their own personal and professional development, cultural awareness, teaching methodologies, and choice of curricular content indicated sustained positive growth throughout the program.
Assessment of Voluntary Exercise Behavior and Active Video Gaming Among Adolescent and Young Adult Patients During Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation
Authors: Rosipal Nicole C. , Mingle Lindsay , Smith Janet , Morris G. Stephen
Published: November 2012

This pilot study sought to examine the exercise behavior and preferences among adolescent and young adult (AYA) hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) recipients. Eighteen patients aged 19 to 25 years were recruited to engage in unsupervised exercise activities lasting at least 60 minutes/week during hospitalization for HSCT. Enrolled patients had access to standard exercise activities (walking, resistance training, and basketball) and active video gaming equipment. Physical function (6-Minute Walk Test and Timed-Up-and-Go test) and quality of life (Behavioral, Affective, and Somatic Experiences Scale) were assessed at different time points during admission. Participants exercised an average of 76% of the days during admission and spent an average of 36.5 minutes per day exercising. The Nintendo Wii was the preferred active video gaming equipment, but standard exercises accounted for 73% of all exercise time. Neither functional capacity nor quality of life improved. Results suggest that AYAs voluntarily exercise during HSCT admission, prefer to use standard exercise activities, and may require supervision in order to derive maximum benefits from their efforts. These results provide guidance for developing rehabilitation interventions for AYA HSCT recipients.
An effective damage identification approach in thick steel beams based on guided ultrasonic waves for structural health monitoring applications
Authors: Atashipour Seyed Abdolrahim , Mirdamadi Hamid Reza , Hemasian-Etefagh Mohammad Hamid , Amirfattahi Rasoul , Ziaei-Rad Saeed
Published: November 2012

An inverse analysis using artificial intelligence based on the guided ultrasonic waves is proposed for effective identification of damage in thick steel beams for the purpose of structural health monitoring applications. Parameterized modeling for finite element analysis is applied to constitute the damage parameter database cost-effectively. For signal processing and feature extraction, wavelet transform is employed. A novel feature extraction technique, damage characteristic points, is applied to constitute the database for pattern recognition procedures. Using the extracted metrics, a multilayer feedforward artificial neural network under supervision of an error-backpropagation algorithm is developed and trained. The generalization performance of the artificial neural network has been examined experimentally. Results illustrate that the proposed metrics together with artificial neural network technique are powerful tools for effective identification of damage in the case of thick structures.
Euthanasia
Authors: Shekhar Skand , Goel Ashish
Published: November 2012

Background: Euthanasia requests have increased as the number of debilitated patients rises in both developed and developing countries such as India due to medical, psychosocial–emotional, socioenvironmental, and existential issues amid fears of potential misuse. World’s position: Albania, Colombia, the Netherlands, and Switzerland permit euthanasia conditionally. Australia’s legalization of euthanasia has been withdrawn. The United States permits withdrawal of life support. Mexico and Norway permit active euthanasia. India’s position: Following the Aruna Shanbaug case the Supreme Court granted legal sanction to passive, but not active, euthanasia that is valid till the Parliament legislates on euthanasia. Handling euthanasia requests: Acknowledging the complexity of the problem; individualizing the palliative approach; and accepting the ‘There is no alternative’ or ‘There is no answer’ (TINA) factor.
Approaching Reflexivity Through Reflection
Authors: Hibbert Paul
Published: November 2012

This conceptual article seeks to develop insights for teaching reflexivity in undergraduate management classes through developing processes of critical reflection. Theoretical inferences to support this aim are developed and organized in relation to four principles. They are as follows: first, preparing and making space for reflection in the particular class context; second, stimulating and enabling critical thinking through dialogue, in particular in relation to diversity and power issues; third, unsettling comfortable viewpoints through the critical reappraisal of established concepts and texts; and fourth, supporting the development of different, critical perspectives through ideological explorations and engagement with sociological imagination. The article provides an elaboration of these principles and the issues associated with them as resources for critical management educators seeking to help their students develop their reflexive abilities. In addition, the article develops theoretically informed lines of inquiry for empirical research to investigate the proposed approach, which could help to further develop and refine theory and educational practice.
Mundane Objects and the Banality of Evil
Authors: Clegg Stewart R. , Pina e Cunha Miguel , Rego Arménio , Dias Joana
Published: November 2012

In this article, we study one organization that played a pivotal role in the Cambodian genocide of the 1970s: the S-21 extermination center. We analyze, in particular, how processes of sociomateriality in the death camp contributed to create order and normalcy in an extreme and abnormal organization. A more nuanced view of agency ensues from this analysis, one that helps the understanding of how the creation of material spaces critically influences organizing, including the organizing of genocide.
Faculty to Administration and Back Again
Authors: Mallinger Mark
Published: November 2012

The article describes my experience related to entering academic administration following more than 20 years as a full-time faculty member. The use of a daily journal was employed to capture the events, reactions, outcomes, both positive and negative, associated with 7 years in administration. I continued the journal process following my return to faculty and, therefore, was able to identify the transitions entering administration as well as coming back to full-time teaching. I discuss the learning that emerged, including the political challenges, student contributions, faculty resistance, strategies in resolving differences, and lessons in understanding the administrative role. In addition, I discuss the struggles I encountered when returning to the classroom—The shift in responsibility was abrupt and took, unexpectedly, time to adjust to the rigors of full-time teaching. I conclude by sharing with readers my reflections for those interested in pursuing an administrative role.
Left Ventricular Assist Device–Induced Coagulation and Platelet Activation and Effect of the Current Anticoagulant Therapy Regimen
Authors: Ashbrook Michael , Walenga Jeanine M. , Schwartz Jeffrey , Heroux Alain , Jeske Walter P. , Escalante Vicki , Bakhos Mamdouh
Published: November 2012

Left ventricular assist devices (LVADs) are mechanical pumps that enhance cardiac function in patients with heart failure. In all, 7 patients with an LVADs (1.8 international normalized ratio warfarin, 81 mg aspirin) were evaluated monthly for 3 months for platelet and coagulation activation (controls: 5 healthy adults and 5 patients having warfarin). Platelet works revealed greater inhibition of collagen (31.8% vs 7.9%; P = .004), arachidonate- (30.9% vs 8.2%; P = .001), and adenosine diphosphate- (10.9% vs 6.1%; P = .004)-induced platelet aggregation for LVADs. Thrombelastography (recalcified whole blood) showed inhibition of clot initiation time (R; 8.81 vs 6.02 min; P = .001) and stronger clot formation (maximum amplitude; 69.1 vs 64.9 mm; P = .016). Platelet function determined by plateletMapping and flow cytometry was within the normal range. The LVADs had increased ratio of von Willebrand Factor (vWF) antigen and vWF propeptide, indicating increased degradation of vWF (2.04 vs 1.44; P = .144). Coagulation and platelet activation caused by LVAD is suppressed by pharmacotherapy, yielding a profile similar to that of patients on warfarin alone.
Can Mean Platelet Volume be a New Risk Factor in Portal Venous Thrombosis?
Authors: Aliosmanoglu Ibrahim , Gul Mesut , Oguz Abdullah , Basol Omer , Uslukaya Omer , Keles Celalettin
Published: November 2012

Background: The aim of this study was to discuss the possibility of mean platelet volume (MPV) being a new risk factor in the etiology of portal venous thrombosis (PVT). Methods: Study participants were categorized into 2 different groups: group I, control group (n = 35) and group II, PVT group (n = 34). Demographic data and MPV values were recorded retrospectively. Results: No differences were determined between the 2 groups regarding hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and smoking ( P > .05). The average hemoglobin levels were 10.8 ± 2.1 in group II and 14.0 ± 1.7 in group I ( P < .001). Although the MPV levels of group II patients were 8.2 ± 0.52, the average level in group I was determined as 7.8 ± 0.62 ( P = .012). In the performed receiver–operating characteristic (ROC) analysis, the cutoff value for patients with PVT for MPV was determined as 7.9 (area under curve: 0.674), sensitivity as 70.6%, and specificity as 65.7% ( P = .013). Conclusion: The current study shows that MPV is significantly higher in patients with PVT than in the control group.
Development and Preliminary Validation of the Patient Perceptions of Integrated Care Survey
Authors: Singer Sara J. , Friedberg Mark W. , Kiang Mathew V. , Dunn Toby , Kuhn Diane M.
Published: November 2012

Valid measures of the integration of patient care could provide rapid and accurate feedback on the successfulness of current efforts to improve health care delivery systems. This article describes the development and pilot testing of a new survey, based on a novel conceptual model, which measures the integration of patient care as experienced by patients. We administered the survey to 1,289 patients with multiple chronic conditions from one health system and received responses from 527 patients (43%). Psychometric analysis of responses supported a six-dimension model of integration with satisfactory internal consistency, discriminant validity, and goodness of fit. The Patient Perceptions of Integrated Care survey can be used to measure the integration of care received by chronically ill patients for two main purposes: as a research tool to compare interventions intended to improve the integration of care and as a quality improvement tool intended to guide the refinement of delivery system innovations.
Child Pornography and Likelihood of Contact Abuse
Authors: Long Matthew L. , Alison Laurence A. , McManus Michelle A.
Published: November 2012

This study examined a sample of 120 adult males convicted of offences involving indecent images of children (IIOC); 60 had a previous contact child sexual offence (dual offenders) and 60 had no evidence of an offence against a child. Analyses explored socio-demographic characteristics, previous convictions, and access to children. Of the 120 offenders, a subsample of 60 offenders (30 dual offenders and 30 non-contact) were further examined in terms of the quantity of IIOC, types of IIOC, and offending behavior. The study found the two offender groups could be discriminated by previous convictions, access to children, the number, proportion, and type of IIOC viewed. The IIOC preferences displayed within their possession differentiated dual offenders from non-contact IIOC offenders. Within group comparisons of the dual offenders differentiated sadistic rapists from sexual penetrative and sexual touching offenders. The paper suggests there may be a homology between IIOC possession, victim selection, and offending behavior. Implications for law enforcement are discussed in terms of likelihood of contact offending and assisting in investigative prioritization.
Maternal ADHD, Parenting, and Psychopathology Among Mothers of Adolescents With ADHD
Authors: Babinski Dara E. , Pelham William E. , Molina Brooke S. G. , Gnagy Elizabeth M. , Waschbusch Daniel A. , Wymbs Brian T. , Sibley Margaret H. , Derefinko Karen J. , Kuriyan Aparajita B.
Published: November 2012

Objective: This study describes the parenting and psychopathology of mothers with ADHD of adolescents with ADHD (MCA), non-ADHD mothers of adolescents with ADHD (CA), and non-ADHD mothers of adolescents without ADHD (COMP). Method: Two sets of pairwise comparisons: (a) COMP versus CA and (b) CA versus MCA were conducted. We hypothesized that CA would experience greater distress in parenting and psychopathology compared with COMP and that MCA would experience even more impairment compared with CA. Results: Few differences emerged in comparisons of CA and COMP, with the exception of CA reporting greater parent–adolescent conflict and internalizing problems. In contrast, differences consistently emerged in comparisons of MCA and CA showing more difficulty for MCA in parenting and psychopathology. Conclusion: These findings underscore the need for treatments that address parental ADHD when adolescent ADHD is the intended target.
Co-Occurrence of ADHD and Anxiety in Preschool Children
Authors: Overgaard Kristin Romvig , Aase Heidi , Torgersen Svenn , Zeiner Pål
Published: November 2012

Objective: The objective of this study was to examine co-occurrence of ADHD and anxiety in preschool children. Method: The data collection was part of the Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort Study (MoBa) at the Norwegian Institute of Public Health. After a screening for ADHD symptoms at 36 months, participants were clinically assessed at age 36 to 44 months. Psychiatric symptoms of ADHD and anxiety were derived from the Preschool Age Psychiatric Assessment (PAPA) interview. Results: In preschoolers with ADHD symptoms, 33% were reported to have symptoms of anxiety. Children with symptoms of ADHD and anxiety had more severe ADHD symptomatology, and particularly more inattentive symptoms compared with children with ADHD symptoms and no anxiety. Conclusion: Clinicians should be aware of the frequent overlap between symptoms of anxiety and ADHD in preschoolers as different intervention strategies may be required.
Efficacy of Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids (PUFA) in the Treatment of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
Authors: Assareh Marzieh , Davari Ashtiani Rozita , Khademi Mojgan , Jazayeri Shima , Rai Alireza , Nikoo Mohammadali
Published: November 2012

Objective: We aimed to investigate the efficacy of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) as an adjuvant treatment in patients with ADHD receiving methylphenidate as well as its side effects. Method: This randomized clinical trial was conducted on 40 ADHD patients aged between 6 and 12 years. Both treatment and placebo groups received methylphenidate. Treatment arm also received omega-6 once daily. The Parent ADHD Rating Scale was used to evaluate disease improvement. Results: The Parent ADHD Rating Scale scores of the two groups were similar at baseline. Although total score and scores of three categories decreased significantly in both groups, total score and scores of inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity were not significantly different between the groups. Conclusion: The results did not support the efficacy of PUFA in the treatment of ADHD, and adding PUFAs to the therapeutic regimen of ADHD is not recommended at the moment.
Current Concepts in Diagnosis and Perioperative Management of Carcinoid Heart Disease
Authors: Castillo Javier G. , Silvay George , Solís Jorge
Published: November 2012

Carcinoid tumors are neuroendocrine tumors with a very unpredictable clinical behavior. In the setting of hepatic metastases, the tumor’s release of bioactive substances into the systemic circulation results in carcinoid syndrome: a constellation of symptoms among which cutaneous flushing, gastrointestinal hypermotility, and cardiac involvement are the most prominent. Cardiac manifestations, also known as carcinoid heart disease, are secondary to a severe fibrotic reaction which frequently involves the right-sided valves and may extend towards the subvalvular apparatus leading to valve thickening and retraction. Left-sided involvement is rare and mostly observed in the presence of an interatrial shunt, endobronchial tumor localization, and high tumor activity. Echocardiographic techniques often reveal noncoaptation of the valves, which are fixed in a semiopen position. In patients with advanced lesions and severe valvular dysfunction, surgery is currently the only definitive treatment to potentially improve quality of life and provide survival benefit. Although cardiac surgery has been traditionally reserved for those patients with symptomatic right ventricular failure, a significant trend towards improved surgical outcomes has triggered a more liberal referral for valve replacement. Carcinoid heart disease poses two distinct challenges for the anesthesiologist: carcinoid crisis and low cardiac output syndrome secondary to right ventricular failure. Carcinoid crisis, characterized by flushing, hypotension, and bronchospasm, may be precipitated by catecholamines and histamine releasing drugs used routinely in patients undergoing valve surgery. Although a broader utilization of octreotide have significantly simplified the anesthetic and perioperative management of these patients, a very balanced anesthetic technique is required to identify and manage low cardiac output syndrome.
The CompHP Core Competencies Framework for Health Promotion in Europe
Authors: Barry Margaret M. , Battel-Kirk Barbara , Dempsey Colette
Published: November 2012

Background. The CompHP Project on Developing Competencies and Professional Standards for Health Promotion in Europe was developed in response to the need for new and changing health promotion competencies to address health challenges. This article presents the process of developing the CompHP Core Competencies Framework for Health Promotion across the European Union Member States and Candidate Countries. Method. A phased, multiple-method approach was employed to facilitate a consensus-building process on the development of the core competencies. Key stakeholders in European health promotion were engaged in a layered consultation process using the Delphi technique, online consultations, workshops, and focus groups. Findings. Based on an extensive literature review, a mapping process was used to identify the core domains, which informed the first draft of the Framework. A consultation process involving two rounds of a Delphi survey with national experts in health promotion from 30 countries was carried out. In addition, feedback was received from 25 health promotion leaders who participated in two focus groups at a pan-European level and 116 health promotion practitioners who engaged in four country-specific consultations. A further 54 respondents replied to online consultations, and there were a number of followers on various social media platforms. Based on four rounds of redrafting, the final Framework document was produced, consisting of 11 core domains and 68 core competency statements. Conclusions. The CompHP Core Competencies Framework for Health Promotion provides a resource for workforce development in Europe, by articulating the necessary knowledge, skills, and abilities that are required for effective practice. The core domains are based on the multidisciplinary concepts, theories, and research that make health promotion distinctive. It is the combined application of all the domains, the knowledge base, and the ethical values that constitute the CompHP Core Competencies Framework for Health Promotion.
Using an Experience Documentation Opportunity to Certify Advanced-Level Health Education Specialists
Authors: Wilson Kelly L. , Dennis Dixie L. , Gambescia Stephen F. , Chen W. William , Lysoby Linda
Published: November 2012

The worldwide burden of diseases, environmental threats, and injuries help establish the global context and need for credentialing in health education and promotion. To ensure effective practice by certified or credentialed individuals, it is critical that the global health education and promotion workforce identify, agree on, and establish core competencies grounded in knowledge, skills, and abilities to strengthen the global capacity to improve the practice of health education at the entry and advanced levels. Dialog regarding the development of Domains of Core Competency for global capacity in health promotion has occurred. One unique process for granting certification was how a U.S. certifying organization used an Experience Documentation Opportunity to validate advanced-level professional competency. In this article, a one-time, 6-month opportunity in certifying advanced-level health education specialists is documented, and the implications of these results on the Domains of Core Competency are discussed. The authors provide valuable insight for health education professionals worldwide on establishing a process for quality assurance and accountability and alignment with the current global competency discussion. The Experience Documentation Opportunity process also may be useful in international efforts to establish certification based on core competencies.
Developing Consensus on the CompHP Professional Standards for Health Promotion in Europe
Authors: Speller Viv , Parish Richard , Davison Heather , Zilnyk Anna
Published: November 2012

Building on the CompHP Core Competencies for health promotion the Professional Standards for Health Promotion have been developed and consulted on across Europe. The standards were formulated to fit within the complexity of professional, occupational and educational standards frameworks in Europe as learning outcome standards with performance criteria, following the approach of the European Qualifications Framework. Three phases of consultation included an electronic consultation survey, focus groups and workshops, and an online consultation. The standards were revised at each stage following comments received. Responses from across Europe and beyond indicate high levels of agreement with the standards and support for their implementation in education and employment settings to accredit health promotion practitioners and raise the profile of health promotion in Europe.
Estrogen-Like Disruptive Effects of Dietary Exposure to Bisphenol A or 17α-Ethinyl Estradiol in CD1 Mice
Authors: Kendig Eric L. , Buesing Dana R. , Christie Susie M. , Cookman Clifford J. , Gear Robin B. , Hugo Eric R. , Kasper Susan N. , Kendziorski Jessica A. , Ungi Kevin R. , Williams Karin , Belcher Scott M.
Published: November 2012

Bisphenol A (BPA) is an endocrine disrupting chemical that is ubiquitous in wild and built environments. Due to variability in study design, the disruptive effects of BPA have proven difficult to experimentally replicate. This study was designed to assess the disruptive actions of dietary BPA exposure, while carefully controlling for known confounders. Parental CD1 mice were acclimated to defined diet containing BPA (0.03, 0.3, 3, 30, or 300 ppm) or 17α-ethinyl estradiol (EE; 0.0001, 0.001, and 0.01 ppm) and bred to produce progeny (F1) that were maintained through adulthood on the same diet as the parents. In F1 females, uterine weights were increased in all EE and the 30-ppm BPA-exposure groups, demonstrating model sensitivity and estrogen-like actions of BPA. In BPA-exposed females, no treatment-related differences were observed in parental reproductive function, or in the timing of puberty and metabolic function in female offspring. In F1 males, modest changes in body weight, adiposity  and glucose tolerance, consistent with improved metabolic function, were observed. Associated with increased prolactin and increased circulating testosterone levels, balanopreputial separation was accelerated by 0.03 and 3.0 ppm BPA and anogenital distance at postnatal day 21 was increased in males by 0.03 ppm BPA. Sperm counts were also increased with 3.0 ppm BPA exposures. Overall, BPA was found to have modest, sex specific endocrine disruptive effects on a variety of end points below the established no observed adverse effect level. The dose response characteristics for many of the effects were nonmonotonic and not predictable from high-dose extrapolations.
Eighth Triennial Toxicology Salary Survey
Authors: Gad Shayne Cox , Sullivan Dexter Wayne
Published: November 2012

This survey serves as the eighth in a series of toxicology salary surveys conducted at 3-year intervals and beginning in 1988. An electronic survey instrument was distributed to 5800 individuals including members of the Society of Toxicology, American College of Toxicology, and 23 additional professional organizations. Question items inquired about gender, age, degree, years of experience, certifications held, areas of specialization, society membership, employment and income. Overall, 2057 responses were received (response rate 35.5%). The results of the 2012 survey provide insight into the job market and career path for current and future toxicologists.
Narratives of Masculinity and Depression
Authors: Valkonen Jukka , Hänninen Vilma
Published: November 2012

Positioning oneself in relation to hegemonic masculinity can be seen as a pervasive aspect of a man’s actions and experiences. In this study, the connection between masculinity and depression was studied using a sample of Finnish men in their forties, who had self-identified as depressed. Interviews of twenty-four men were analyzed using narrative methods. We found four main ways in which men’s depression was related to masculinity. Depression could be seen as a consequence of both realized and unattained hegemonic masculinity. Moreover, some men challenged the hegemonic masculinity and located the cause of their depression within the sociocultural gender order. Ways of thinking and acting that are traditionally held as masculine could also serve as a resource to cope with one’s mental distress. The findings show that the concept of masculinity is useful in understanding men’s depression, but there is no single kind of association between masculinity and depression.
Sickness Behavior in Community-Dwelling Elderly
Authors: Johansson Peter , Riegel Barbara , Svensson Erland , Broström Anders , Alehagen Urban , Dahlström Ulf , Jaarsma Tiny
Published: November 2012

Sickness behavior is a cluster of symptoms that occur as a response to an infection and alterations in the inflammatory response. Under normal circumstances, sickness behavior is fully reversible once the pathogen has been cleared. Aging and chronic illness such as heart failure are associated with enhanced inflammatory activity that lasts for a long duration and no longer represents an adaptive response. The aim of this study was to explore whether inflammation mediates the relationship between impaired cardiac function and a symptom cluster including anhedonia, fatigue, and sleepiness, which might represent sickness behavior in community-dwelling elders. Structural equation modeling (SEM) showed that the factor impaired cardiac function (i.e., N-terminal fragment of pro-brain natriuretic peptide, left ventricular ejection fraction, and the heart failure medications angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor, angiotensin receptor blockade, β-blocker, and diuretics) was associated with both inflammation (i.e., C-reactive protein; β = .26) and the symptom cluster (β = .31). Inflammation had a significant direct, but smaller, association with the symptom cluster (β = .21). By this pathway, inflammation also mediated an indirect association between impaired cardiac function and the symptom cluster (β = .05). Including creatinine, blood glucose, ischemic heart disease, previous and current tumor, respiratory disease, age, and body mass index in the SEM model did not change these associations. Our results imply that some aspects of the symptom panorama in elderly individuals with impaired cardiac function or heart failure could represent sickness behavior.
Effects of negative skewness of surface roughness on the contact and lubrication of nominally flat metallic surfaces
Authors: Chang Liming , Jeng Yeau-Ren
Published: November 2012

This article studies the effects of negative skewness of the surface roughness on the state of contact and lubrication between nominally flat metallic surfaces. An asperity-contact model with a Weibull distribution of asperity heights is used in the study. Analyses are carried out for both frictionless and frictional contacts of surfaces of a range of plasticity index and roughness skewness in light and heavy loading. The state of contact is examined in terms of the asperity pressure and the mode of asperity deformation. Analyses are also carried out for the contacts with fatty-acids boundary lubrication. The state of contact and lubrication is evaluated in terms of the system friction coefficient and the proportion of the real area of contact with deteriorated boundary film. The results obtained suggest that, for sufficiently smooth surfaces or surfaces with a sufficiently low plasticity index, the system can perform satisfactorily under various conditions of practical interest and the negative skewness of the surface roughness can greatly help to enhance the system performance. For problems where the performance is marginally satisfactory, the negative skewness can help to improve the contact and lubrication conditions to further run-in the surfaces toward a lower plasticity index. The results also suggest that, when the surfaces are significantly rough or with plasticity index significantly above unity, the system may operate in a severe state of contact and lubrication, particularly under heavy loading and with high friction. Under these conditions, the negative skewness of the surface roughness is no longer effective to sufficiently bring down the degree of severity.
A friction model for dynamic analyses of multi-body systems with a fully functional friction clutch
Authors: Petrun Tomaž , Flašker Jože , Kegl Marko
Published: November 2012

This article focuses on the development and experimental verification of a friction model to be implemented in a fully functional friction clutch. The resulting clutch model is intended to be employed in commercial software code AVL Excite, which imposes special requirements also for the underlying friction model. These requirements are related to model implementation, available input data, required output data, model complexity, numerical stability, and model parameters. Since for a fully functional clutch the ability to render true stick is crucial, the elasto-plastic friction model is chosen as a basis. This model is investigated in detail and modified adequately in order to meet all of the requirements and to deliver stable and satisfactory results. For validation purposes, a special test bed was built to measure the transmitted torques through the friction contact under various realistic load cases, including all operation phases of the friction clutch. Parallel to experimental measurements, multi-body simulations were done with the modified friction model within the target software. A very satisfactory agreement of simulation and measurement results was achieved.
Conceptualizing, Implementing, and Monitoring a Structural Health Promotion Intervention in an Organizational Setting
Authors: Saunders Ruth P. , Evans Alexandra E. , Kenison Kelli , Workman Lauren , Dowda Marsha , Chu Yong H.
Published: November 2012

This article presents a framework for developing and carrying out an implementation monitoring plan of a complex structural intervention in an organizational setting and describes seven steps for analyzing and reporting results for fidelity and completeness of implementation. This process is illustrated using the Environmental Interventions in Children’s Homes (ENRICH) Wellness Project. ENRICH aimed to promote physical activity and healthful nutrition behaviors among children residing in children’s group homes by working collaboratively with organizational staff. A comprehensive implementation monitoring plan was developed based on the particulars of the setting, context, and the program framework and used multiple data sources, criteria for evidence of implementation, and data triangulation to examine evidence for organizational implementation. Eleven of 17 organizations (65%) met the criteria for nutrition implementation whereas 9 of 17 (53%) met the criteria for physical activity implementation. Implementation data can be used descriptively, as described here, and may also be used in future outcome analyses to better understand project outcomes. The framework and evaluation approach are applicable to complex interventions in other organizational settings.