bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The role of experimental data in chemical process technology
Authors: Mathias Paul M.
Published: October 2009

Experimental data have served two critical roles in chemical process technology: (1) by providing the definitive quantitative basis to evaluate competing processes, to optimize designs, and ultimately to guarantee plant performance; and (2) by guiding the form and structure of applied-thermodynamics correlations. This paper first presents two representative applications to highlight the role of thermodynamic and transport properties in chemical process technology: ammonia recovery from syngas using water as solvent, and design of a caustic-guard system to eliminate small residual concentrations of SO2 from a gas stream. These applications illustrate the first role of experimental data. The paper next studies the second role by examining the historical contribution of experimental data—over two centuries—in guiding the development of key concepts and correlations, such as Henry’s law (1802), group-contribution methods (Kopp, 1842), Raoult’s law (1878), second-virial-coefficient correlation (Berthelot, 1907), surface-tension correlation (Macleod, 1923), the use of one property to estimate another (Othmer, 1940), cubic equations of state (Redlich and Kwong, 1949), electrolyte systems (van Krevelen, 1949), acentric factor (Pitzer, 1955), and highly accurate equations of state (Span and Wagner, 2003). The analysis reveals that careful, accurate, and wide-ranging experimental data have identified the patterns of the underlying phenomena.
Factual data banks and their application to the synthesis and design of chemical processes and the development and testing of thermophysical property estimation methods
Authors: Rarey Jürgen , Gmehling Jürgen
Published: October 2009

Factual data banks nowadays play an important role as a source for thermophysical property data for use in chemical process simulation, environmental models, and many other computer-based applications. In this work, the historical developments leading to modern factual data banks, the differences compared to other more bibliographically oriented data banks, and their most important applications and future potential will be discussed by using the example of the Dortmund Data Bank (DDB). As the development of the different predictive models for mixtures is covered in a separate publication, this paper focuses on pure-component property estimation, regression of model parameters, test and verification of model parameters prior to process simulation, and advanced topics in process synthesis such as selection of entrainers and data-mining applications.
Thermoanalytical methods applied to medicine
Authors: Glass Beverley D. , Brown Michael E.
Published: October 2009

Thermoanalytical methods have found increasing application in medicine due to the improved sensitivity and usability of the available instrumentation. Studies have identified important findings applied to medicine, including information on the thermal properties of the skin and the effect of insertion into body cavities of implants and prosthetics. These studies have explored the thermal stability of various materials to provide insight into drug penetration in order to design drug delivery systems, which are not only safe but capable of delivering improved and predictable therapeutic outcomes for patients. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) has also been applied to the study of disease states such as diabetes, where changes in the collagen structure of the skin which may lead to long-term complications in these patients, can be detected. Although these results may at this stage not have significant clinical implications, they do provide medical researchers with a starting point for future investigations. The application of these techniques has been further extended to examinations of body systems and other disease states. The key for the future will be the ability of these techniques not only to provide information on alterations in these biological systems, but also to determine whether these alterations are clinically relevant.
The momentum map in Poisson geometry
Authors: Fernandes Rui Loja , Ortega Juan-Pablo , Ratiu Tudor S.
Published: October 2009

Every action on a Poisson manifold by Poisson diffeomorphisms lifts to a Hamiltonian action on its symplectic groupoid which has a canonically defined momentum map. We study various properties of this momentum map as well as its use in reduction.
The Maslov cocycle, smooth structures, and real-analytic complete integrability
Authors: Butler Leo T.
Published: October 2009

This paper proves two main results. First, it is shown that if
$\Sigma$ is a smooth manifold homeomorphic to the standard $n$-torus
${\bf T}^n = {\bf R}^n/{\bf Z}^n$ and $H$ is a real-analytically completely
integrable convex hamiltonian on $T^* \Sigma$, then $\Sigma$ is
diffeomorphic to ${\bf T}^n$. Second, it is proven that for some topological
$7$-manifolds, the cotangent bundle of each smooth structure admits a
real-analytically completely integrable riemannian metric hamiltonian.
On the number of nodal domains of random spherical harmonics
Authors: Nazarov Fedor , Sodin Mikhail
Published: October 2009

Let $N(f)$ be a number of nodal domains of a random Gaussian
spherical harmonic $f$ of degree $n$. We prove that as $n$ grows
to infinity, the mean of $N(f)/n^2$ tends to a positive constant
$a$, and that $N(f)/n^2$ exponentially concentrates around $a$.

This result is consistent with predictions made by Bogomolny and Schmit
using a percolation-like model for nodal domains of random Gaussian
plane waves.
Generalized Krein formula, determinants, and Selberg zeta function in even dimension
Authors: Guillarmou Colin
Published: October 2009

For a class of even dimensional asymptotically hyperbolic (AH) manifolds,
we develop a generalized Birman-Krein theory to study scattering asymptotics and, when the curvature is constant,
to analyze the Selberg zeta function.
The main objects we construct for an AH manifold $(X,g)$ are, on the one hand,
a natural spectral function $\xi$ for the Laplacian $\Delta_g$, which replaces the counting
function of the eigenvalues in this infinite volume case, and on the other hand
the determinant of the scattering operator $S_X(\lambda)$ of $\Delta_g$ on $X$.
Both need to be defined through regularized functional: renormalized trace on the bulk $X$
and regularized determinant on the conformal infinity $(\partial\bar{X},[h_0])$.
We show that $\det S_X(\lambda)$ is meromorphic in $\lambda\in{\Bbb C}$, with divisors given
by resonance multiplicities and dimensions of kernels of GJMS conformal Laplacians
$(P_k)_{k\in{\Bbb N}}$ of $(\partial\bar{X},[h_0])$.
Moreover $\xi(z)$ is proved to be the phase of $\det S_X({n\over2}+iz)$
on the essential spectrum $\{z\in{\Bbb R}^+\}$.
Applying this theory to convex co-compact quotients $X=\Gamma\backslash{\Bbb H}^{n+1}$ of hyperbolic space ${\Bbb H}^{n+1}$,
we obtain the functional equation $Z(\lambda)/Z(n-\lambda)=(\det S_{{\Bbb H}^{n+1}}(\lambda))^{\chi(X)}/\det S_X(\lambda)$
for Selberg zeta function $Z(\lambda)$ of $X$, where $\chi(X)$ is the Euler characteristic of $X$. This
describes the poles and zeros of $Z(\lambda)$, computes $\det P_k$ in term of
$Z({n\over2}-k)/Z({n\over2}+k)$ and implies a sharp Weyl asymptotic for~$\xi(z)$.
Slicing, skinning, and grafting
Authors: Dumas David , Kent Richard P.
Published: October 2009

We prove that a Bers slice is never algebraic, meaning that its Zariski closure in the character variety has strictly larger dimension. A corollary is that skinning maps are never constant. The proof uses grafting and the theory of complex projective structures.
Duality of positive currents and plurisubharmonic functions in calibrated geometry
Authors: Harvey F. Reese , Lawson H. Blaine
Published: October 2009

Recently the authors showed that there is a robust potential
theory attached to any calibrated manifold $(X,\phi)$. In particular,
on $X$ there exist $\phi$-plurisubharmonic functions, $\phi$-convex
domains, $\phi$-convex boundaries, etc., all inter-related
and having a number of good properties.
In this paper we show that, in a strong sense, the plurisubharmonic
functions are the polar duals of the $\phi$-submanifolds, or more generally,
the $\phi$-currents studied in the original paper on calibrations.
In particular, we establish an analogue of Duval-Sibony Duality
which characterizes points in the $\phi$-convex hull of a compact set
$K\subset X$ in terms of $\phi$-positive Green's currents on $X$ and Jensen
measures on $K$. We also characterize boundaries of $\phi$-currents
entirely in terms of $\phi$-plurisubharmonic functions.
Specific calibrations are used as examples throughout.
Analogues of the Hodge Conjecture in calibrated geometry are considered.
Split embedding problems over function fields over complete domains
Authors: Paran Elad
Published: October 2009

Let $R$ be a Krull domain, complete with respect
to a nonzero ideal. Let $K$ be the quotient field
of~$R$. We prove that every finite split embedding
problem is solvable over every function field in
one variable over~$K$. If $\dim R > 1$, then every
finite split embedding problem over $K$ is solvable.
Generalized Abel-Jacobi map on Lawson homology
Authors: Hu Wenchuan
Published: October 2009

We construct an Abel-Jacobi type map on the homologically trivial
part of Lawson homology groups. It generalizes the Abel-Jacobi map
constructed by Griffiths. By using a result of H. Clemens, we answer
affirmatively the question whether there exists a smooth
projective complex variety with infinitely generated Lawson homology groups
$L_pH_{2p+k}(X, {{\Bbb Q}})$ when $k>0$. As a corollary, we find, for
any nonnegative integer $j$, a smooth complex projective variety $X$ carrying infinitely
generated semi-topological $K$-groups $K^{sst}_j(X)_{{\Bbb Q}}$.
Bergman kernels and equilibrium measures for line bundles over projective manifolds
Authors: Berman Robert J.
Published: October 2009

Let $L$ be a holomorphic line bundle over a compact complex projective
Hermitian manifold $X.$ Any fixed smooth hermitian metric $\phi$
on $L$ induces a Hilbert space structure on the space of global holomorphic
sections with values in the $k$th tensor power of $L.$ In this paper
various convergence results are obtained for the corresponding Bergman
kernels (i.e., orthogonal projection kernels). The convergence is studied
in the large $k$ limit and is expressed in terms of the equilibrium
metric $\phi_{e}$ associated to the fixed metric $\phi,$ as well
as in terms of the Monge-Ampere measure of the metric $\phi$ itself
on a certain support set. It is also shown that the equilibrium metric
is ${\cal C}^{1,1}$ on the complement of the augmented base locus
of $L.$ For $L$ ample these results give generalizations of well-known
results concerning the case when the curvature of $\phi$ is globally
positive (then $\phi_{e}=\phi$). In general, the results can be seen
as local metrized versions of Fujita's approximation theorem for the
volume of $L$.
Rare Birds: Why So Few Women Become Ad Agency Creative Directors
Authors: Mallia Karen L.
Published: October 2009

Abstract: Few women reach the top levels of advertising agency creative departments, though relatively equal numbers of women and men enter the field as copywriters and art directors. This study examines why creative women have been unable to achieve the success women have seen in other agency arenas. Through 18 in-depth interviews, the study identifies numerous factors underlying the dearth of women creative directors, some of which are unique to advertising or agency creative positions.
Stuff History: The Past as a Resource in the Production of Advertising Material
Authors: Dickenson Jacqueline
Published: October 2009

This study is concerned with the cultural knowledge that advertising professionals bring to their tasks and the ways in which this knowledge might be recycled or remade through advertising processes and practices. Using interviews with advertising creatives who have drawn from "history" for their advertising concepts, the article explores the historical literacy of these professionals and the ways in which they use the past in developing ideas. It finds that advertising creatives approach the past pragmatically, recycling pre-existing conceptions of past historical events and characters, and layering these with additional elements taken from contemporary popular culture, making something new in the process.
The Mother's Gaze and the Model Child: Reading Print Ads for Designer Children's Clothing
Authors: Boulton Christopher
Published: October 2009

Abstract: This audience analysis considers how two groups of mothers, one affluent and mostly white, the other low-income and mostly of color, responded to six print ads for designer children's clothing. I argue that the gender and maternal affiliations of these women—which coalesce around their common experience of the male gaze and a belief that children's clothing represents the embodied tastes of the mother—are ultimately overwhelmed by distinct attitudes towards conspicuous consumption, in-group/out-group signals, and even facial expressions. I conclude that, when judging the ads, these mothers engage in a vicarious process by referencing their own daily practice of social interaction. In other words, they are auditioning the gaze through which others will view their own children.
The Odd Case of Charles Knowlton: Anatomical Performance, Medical Narrative, and Identity in Antebellum America
Authors: Sappol Michael
Published: October 2009

In early-nineteenth-century America, anatomical narrative was crucial to the acquisition and performance of medical identity. Dissecting the dead, robbing graves, making and exhibiting “anatomical preparations,” and joking with bodies and body parts all served to affirm membership in the cult of medical knowledge. So did telling stories about such things. Through an examination of the autobiography of Charles Knowlton (1800–1850), a rural physician who practiced in northwestern Massachusetts, this article argues that the recitation and exchange of anatomical stories enabled medical practitioners to assert professional identity, healing competence, and filiations with theories and cliques. In both content and performance, the anatomical tale rehearsed the storyteller’s structural relationship to patients, the public, colleagues and rivals, and, above all, made a claim to knowledge and mastery of the body.
Hydropathy at Home: The Water Cure and Domestic Healing in Mid-Nineteenth-Century Britain
Authors: Marland Hilary , Adams Jane
Published: October 2009

This article explores domestic practices of hydropathy in Britain, suggesting that these formed a major contribution to the popularity of the system in the mid-nineteenth century. Domestic hydropathy was encouraged by hydropathic practitioners in their manuals and in the training they provided at their establishments. We argue that hydropathy can be seen as belonging to two interacting spheres, the hydro and the home, and was associated with a mission to encourage self-healing practices as well as commercial interests. Home treatments were advocated as a follow-up to attendance at hydros and encouraged as a low-cost option for those unable to afford such visits. Domestic hydropathy emphasized the high profile of the patient and was depicted as being especially appropriate for women, though in many households it appears to have been a common concern between husbands and wives.
European Cloth and “Tropical” Skin: Clothing Material and British Ideas of Health and Hygiene in Tropical Climates
Authors: Johnson Ryan
Published: October 2009

As Britain’s imperial and colonial ambitions intensified toward the end of the nineteenth century, the preservation of white European health in tropical climates became an increasingly important concern. Since at least the seventeenth century, the “tropics” had been seen as spaces holding vast potential wealth but also death and disease. To combat these deadly but desirable landscapes, the British built a considerable commodity culture around the preservation of white European health, and for many, tropical clothing was one of the most important and essential items in their “kits.” This article investigates the composition and use of such clothing in relation to British ideas of health and hygiene in tropical climates. First, it considers debates that ensued over the best material—wool, cotton, linen, silk, or a combination of these materials—and the role of “black” skin and local practice in the development of tropical clothing. Second, it demonstrates the importance of location in any discussion of tropical medicine and hygiene, and the tension and ambiguity that still surrounded British ideas of health and hygiene in the tropical colonies. Third, it argues that tropical clothing was important in the maintenance of climatic etiologies despite advances in parasitology and sanitary science. Finally, it considers the relationship of tropical clothing to the formation of a unique colonial identity. To British men and women embarking for any number of tropical destinations, proper clothing was not a banal and mundane component of their outfitting. For many, the clothing signified a departure from the safe and “civil” climes of Britain for adventure in the expanding tropical empire.
Presidential Address: Quarantining Women: Venereal Disease Rapid Treatment Centers in World War II America
Authors: Parascandola John
Published: October 2009

Concern about the infection of servicemen and essential war workers with venereal disease led the U.S. Public Health Service, with the cooperation of state and local health officials, to set up a national program of venereal disease quarantine hospitals during World War II. Although some of the hospitals eventually accepted men, the initial purpose of these facilities was to detain and treat venereally affected prostitutes and “promiscuous women” who were considered a threat to the war effort. Using quarantine powers, officials forcibly detained venereally infected women and treated them for their disease. The hospitals were generally known as “rapid treatment centers” because of the methods employed to treat venereal disease. Health officials were especially concerned that prostitutes (and other women of “loose morals”) would not comply with the traditional lengthy and arduous treatment for syphilis, which involved weekly injections of arsenical drugs for a year or more and unpleasant side effects. Therefore, the newly established quarantine hospitals used recently developed rapid treatment methods based on the administration of multiple injections or intravenous drips of arsenicals over a period of days. Although some objections were raised against these policies, which obviously discriminated against women, on the whole the rapid treatment centers were accepted as a necessary measure in the defense of national security. Some of the issues raised by these centers are still relevant to public health policy today.
Electric Homes! Automatic Movies! Efficient Entertainment!: 16mm and Cinema's Domestication in the 1920s
Authors: Wasson Haidee
Published: October 2009

This essay investigates the emergence of 16mm projectors and screens during the 1920s. By examining changes to the entertainment industry, the American home, and advertising discourses, it demonstrates that portable film technologies have long been implicated in a complex relationship with a range of automated consumer technologies and idealized private spaces.
Reading the Title Sequence ( Vorspann, Générique )
Authors: Stanitzek Georg
Published: October 2009

This article is a survey of forms and functions of title sequences in film. Using a scattered but substantial base of references, it seeks to contribute to the analysis of this ingenious cinematic form. In particular, it proposes to read the title sequence as self-reflexive, namely, as a reading of the film itself in which the title sequence is integrated. Through their distinguishing functional characteristics, title sequences stand in as representative of an alternate kind of movie.
Narnia as a Site of National Struggle: Marketing, Christianity, and National Purpose in The Chronicles of Narnia: The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe
Authors: Russell James
Published: October 2009

This essay examines the niche marketing efforts used to promote the 2005 film The Chronicles of Narnia: The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe to Evangelical Christian audiences in the United States. Through reference to "culture wars" rhetoric, and broader claims to educational and evangelistic intent, the production company Walden Media's promotional efforts sought to transform C. S. Lewis's utopian Christian fantasy into a faith-affirming experience for Evangelical viewers, imbued with the power to alter national culture along Christian lines.
The Crowd Outside the Lettered City: Imagining the Mass Audience in 1920s India
Authors: Dass Manishita
Published: October 2009

Drawing on the Indian Cinematograph Committee Report of 1928 and the transcripts of its hearings and interviews, this essay shows how middle-class elites in colonial India imagined the mass public created and made visible by the cinema as a divided audience, primarily segmented along class lines, simultaneously menacing and vulnerable.
Solid Foundations: A Primer on the Crucial, Critical, and Key Roles of School and Public Libraries in Children’s Development
Authors: de Groot Joanne , Branch Jennifer
Published: October 2009

This article will first look at the important role that school and public libraries play in children’s development by providing crucial encouragement, critical access, and key time for reading and literacy. Then we will explore the importance of school and public library collaboration for children’s literacy and academic success. We will examine the ways in which research has demonstrated that public libraries and school libraries can work together when facilities are closed, access is limited, and budgets are cut, and will conclude with the implications for library and information science (LIS) researchers in fields beyond school libraries and youth services.
A Decade of Promises: Discourses on Twenty-first-Century Schools in Library Policy and Research
Authors: Hoffman Ellen S. , Mardis Marcia A.
Published: October 2009

Prior to the mid-1970s, policy simply meant planning. Over time, policy studies have shifted from predominantly empirical approaches to more diverse methods emanating from postmodern and critical perspectives. More recently, the themes of equity, school choice, and social background (rather than meritocracy) have mixed with current discourses of centralization/decentralization, diversity/uniformity, and curriculum standardization in policy debate. The knowledge base of information technologies and resources held by school librarians can play a positive role in establishing successful policy frameworks for technology planning and implementation at school and district levels.
Building a Strong Web: Connecting Information Spaces in Schools and Communities
Authors: Ritzo Christopher , Nam Chaebong , Bruce Bertram (Chip)
Published: October 2009

Informed by Progressive education reforms of the nineteenth and twentieth century, progressive movements in librarianship, the social responsibility movement within the American Library Association (ALA), and recent collaborations of ALA’s youth-focused divisions, the authors link historical precedents with current examples, ideas, and practices to inform initiatives in education and literacy programming. Progressive librarians and educators share a history of common goals. The article explores how these histories connect with current examples of interinstitutional collaborations among educators, school libraries, public libraries, universities, and community organizations. This paper traces Progressive librarianship to Youth Community Informatics (YCI), collaborative programs in which public libraries, school libraries, teachers, community organizations, and universities connect to form new services or teaching models that connect learning to life in an integrated way. These programs are developing innovative approaches to teaching students; promoting literacy; and encouraging critical thinking and community connectedness within schools, libraries, and community contexts.
Sowing the Seeds of Praxis: Incorporating Youth Development Principles in a Library Teen Employment Program
Authors: Walter Virginia A.
Published: October 2009

The article summarizes the tradition of teen services in public libraries and discusses the more recent incorporation of youth development principles and practices into those services, with the Public Libraries as Partners in Youth Development project being singled out as a major contributor to current thinking about this issue. The Free Library of Philadelphia’s LEAP program, with its after-school employment of Teen Leadership Assistants, is presented as a normative case study in the intentional design and implementation of a teen job program based on youth development principles. Based on the Free Library experience, the author suggests that public libraries can supplement the developmental value of schooling by considering youth development an integral aspect of any jobs in which teens are employed and that teen job programs be considered an integral component of teen library services.
Libraries in Schools: Essential Contexts for Studying Organizational Change and Culture
Authors: Oberg Dianne
Published: October 2009

The integrated school library program model advocated by school library professionals and described in government policy and library association position papers is an innovation that has been difficult to implement in North American schools. The model proposes that the primary role of the school library professional is teaching in partnership with classroom teachers. The librarian collaborates with classroom teachers and others to plan, teach, and assess critical information literacy skills and strategies integrated with curriculum content. Because elements of the integrated school library program challenge the traditional culture of the school, the school library professional often needs to work as a change agent. Changing the organizational culture of the school constitutes the key role and goal for the school library professional and requires a deep knowledge of the particular culture of the school and the complexities of the change process. Although the school as an organization has been buffeted by changes in the past half-century, some features of schools remain highly resistant to change. In concert with developing an integrated school library program, the school library professional can also be involved in implementing other specific instructional innovations or responding to broader school reform initiatives. The key concepts of organizational culture and change have important implications for school library professionals, educators, and researchers.
Identification and Quantification of Combustion Products Released by Non-Metallic Materials Used for Medical Oxygen Equipment
Authors: Carré M. , Barthélémy H. , Bruat J. , Lombard S. , Longuet O. , Schaaff J. P.
Published: October 2009

Non-metallic materials (plastics, elastomers, and lubricants) are known to be the most critical ones in terms of safety in high pressure oxygen distribution systems. When proper oxygen system design guidelines are not followed, the risk of accidental ignition in service arises and has been known for many years. It has been observed that if sufficient mass was available when ignited, concentrations of species could arise in a level that could be considered toxic. This is a concern in particular for those non-metallic parts containing halogens. This risk shall especially be addressed for medical equipment and for any high pressure breathing gas system. International standards (ISO 15001 or EIGA 73/08) recommend how to address this toxicity risk. They give specific recommendations such as minimising non-metallic materials in design of equipment and use of non-metallic materials whose thermal decomposition and/or combustion in oxygen produce less toxic products (with lethal concentration LC50>5,000 ppm). They also present a list of theoretical potential combustion products but no quantitative values of real combustion by-products from which a toxicity risk assessment can be achieved. Then, in order to evaluate the toxicity risk for medical oxygen and breathing gas applications, it is necessary not only to identify but to quantify compounds generated by combustion. In this paper, an analytical procedure used to identify and quantify the released products will be described. The target is to analyze these compounds with the shortest delay after combustion promoted by adiabatic compression with oxygen at 200 bars (20,000 kPa). The analysis of combustion by-products must be done in the few minutes following the combustion. Therefore direct analytical techniques, like Fourier transformed infrared spectrometry and mass spectrometry, were used to identify and quantify the generated species and sample extraction was taken on the closest emission point to the combustion on the installation. All such precautions were intended for avoiding modification or subsequent reaction of compounds due to sample preparation steps or delays in analysis. Comparisons were made for several plastics materials and elastomers. The list of quantified combustion by-products will be presented for polytetrafluoroethylene and polychlorotrifluoroethylene. The quantification data obtained during this study is proposed for use in a toxicity risk assessment. Then a global risk evaluation can be done including this toxicity risk assessment and an ignition risk assessment. Based on this global risk evaluation, practical recommendations could be provided.
Comparison of Fatigue Crack Propagation Behavior of Al 2024 and Al–Li 8090 Helicopter Fuselage Panels
Authors: Giglio M. , Manes A. , Fossati M. , Mariani U. , Giani C.
Published: October 2009

A comparison between two types of helicopter fuselage panels with a traditional design of skin and stringers was carried out. Panels were made with the same geometrical shape and dimensions but with two different aluminium alloys for the skin: Conventional 2024 and 8090 Al–Li alloy. Two different crack locations were considered to be taken into account for the damage tolerant behavior of the two panel typologies: A crack into the skin between two stringers and a crack into the skin under the stringer after the removal of a complete section of the stringer. The crack growth was monitored during the fatigue load application, and a finite element (FE) model was utilized in order to calculate the fracture mechanics parameters. The experimental data (crack growth rate da/dN) and the FE results (stress intensity range ΔKI) were checked with the crack propagation material data, with good agreement. According to these results, it is possible to compare the damage tolerant behaviors of the panels made by the two different materials, with the purpose of optimizing crack propagation behavior versus weight in this fundamental helicopter component.
Consumption Styles and the Fluid Complexity of Punk Authenticity
Authors: Force William Ryan
Published: October 2009

Subcultures are distinguished in terms of what they are not, highlighting differences with broader cultural characteristics. From this perspective, authenticity is drawn from external contrasts. This ethnographic study of a local punk scene shows that internal comparisons among participants centered on consumption styles also construct authenticity. This activity was dominated by three indigenous cultural processes: the publicized possession of consumer goods, stylized presentations of self, and conversational display of acquaintance with punk esoterica. In contrast to previous studies, this article shows how the interpretive particulars of consumption in talk and interaction move beyond style alone to feature the fluid complexity of punk authenticity.
An Ethnography of Emerging Latino Music Scenes
Authors: Kotarba Joseph A. , Fackler Jennifer L. , Nowotny Kathryn M.
Published: October 2009

We report on an ethnographic study of three emerging scenes in which Latino music is produced, performed, experienced, and celebrated in Houston, Texas: rock en Espanol, gay Latino dance music, and professional soccer supporters' music. Music is an important feature of Latino culture, since it informs migration, citizenship, spirituality, and other aspects of the contemporary Latino experience. Three interactionist concepts inform this study. The concept of scene directs our attention to the comprehensive social worlds driven by Latino music. The concept of idioculture directs our attention to the ways audience members experience Latino music within everyday life small groups. The concept of place directs our attention to how Latino music creates new locations to anchor the self in reference to country of origin, present music communities, or possible symbolic locations such as America or La Raza. We conclude with suggestions for a revised interactionist concept of music scene.
“We have to take these guys out”: Motivations for Assaulting Incarcerated Child Molesters
Authors: Trammell Rebecca , Chenault Scott
Published: October 2009

We know very little about how incarcerated men justify assaults against at‐risk inmates such as child molesters. For this article, we fill this gap in the literature by examining how men describe these assaults as a way to align their own violent behavior with more conventional mores. We find that formerly incarcerated men justify violence as a way to raise their own social status and promote cultural norms against child abuse. When inmates attack someone convicted of child molestation, they do so to punish him and provide a “service” to their community. Furthermore, they elevate their own social status and distance themselves from these offenders. Theoretically, this work broadens our understanding of verbal justifications for violent action.
Immigrants' Identity Negotiations and Coping with Stigma in Different Relational Frames
Authors: Valenta Marko
Published: October 2009

This research describes strategies that immigrants deploy in face‐to‐face interactions with indigenous locals and links these strategies to their relational frames and networks. By focusing on interconnections between identity management and network management, the author further explores some of the key trends already documented in the contemporary literature on ethnicity. The article also adds new insight to the analysis of stigma and identity by showing how self‐friend and self‐stranger relationships present different opportunities and limitations for self‐presentation. Network fragmentation—commonly associated with a weak degree of social integration—is not necessarily an indicator of unsuccessful integration or segregation; it may be part of a wider immigrant identity project, a way to cope with stigmatization, and an important precondition for integration into mainstream society.
“I wanted a soul mate”: Gendered Anticipation and Frameworks of Accountability in Parents' Preferences for Sons and Daughters
Authors: Kane Emily W.
Published: October 2009

This article draws on qualitative interview data from a diverse sample of parents in New England to explore the preferences they recall having for sons or daughters prior to parenthood. Before their children even arrive, potential parents are not only building the foundation for the gendered interests and tendencies they expect those children to have but also sharpening their sense of themselves as gendered persons, through the connections they anticipate sharing with their future children. Applying Fenstermaker, West, and Zimmerman's (2002) approach to gender as a situated accomplishment, I argue that through their gendered anticipation, parents reproduce a framework of accountability to gendered expectations, casting as essential features of their potential children and themselves gendered tendencies that are better understood as products rather than causes of the interactions parents anticipate. I consider the significance of such anticipation not only for the children these parents eventually raised but also for reproducing the frameworks of accountability that affect other parents and children more broadly.
Long-term experiences with multidisciplinary therapy of twenty-six patients with dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans and review of the literature
Authors: Mátrai Zoltán , Liszkay Gabriella , Plotár Vanda , Orosz Zsolt , Székely Judit , Hitre Erika , Bartal Alexandra , Langmár Zoltán , Bőcs Katalin , Rényi Vámos Ferenc , Sávolt Ákos , Tóth László
Published: October 2009

A dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans alacsony vagy közepes malignitású, ritka, rosszindulatú daganat. A tumort a lassú, de agresszív lokális növekedés, az alacsony áttétképzési és a magas helyi kiújulási arány jellemzi. Az elsődleges kezelés a radikális sebészi eltávolítás hagyományos kimetszéssel vagy Mohs-féle sebészi technikával. Pozitív sebészi szél, recidív tumor esetén radio-, kemoterápia, illetve újabban imatinib mesylat alkalmazható.
Célkitűzés:
A szerzők 26, dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans miatt onkológiai centrumban multidiszciplinárisan kezelt beteg hosszú távú klinikopatológiai utánkövetését végezték.
Módszer és eredmények:
A betegek átlagéletkora 44,7 év volt. Az utánkövetés átlagideje 60,57 hónap volt. Tizenöt betegnél (57,7%) sikerült R0 eltávolítást végezni, míg 11 betegnél (42,3%) csak R1 reszekciót. Az R0 reszekciók eléréséhez átlagosan 1,87 kimetszésre volt szükség. Adjuváns kezelésként a primer tumor eltávolítását követően 6 beteg (23%) részesült radioterápiában és 2 (7,6%) beteg kemoterápiában. Tizenhat betegnél nem észleltünk kiújulást. Tíz betegnél (38,4%) alakult ki recidíva, amely miatt további kezeléseket folytattunk. Egy beteg távoli áttétek miatt elhunyt. Statisztikai módszerekkel vizsgáltuk az irodalomban prognosztikai faktornak számító 50 év feletti életkor és a sebészi radikalitás hatását a helyi kiújulásra.
Következtetések:
A dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans multidiszciplináris kezeléssel eredményesen kezelhető daganat. Pontosabb következtetések levonásához nagyobb esetszám és multicentrikus randomizált vizsgálatok szükségesek.
Prevalence of depression and anxiety in early pregnancy on a population based Hungarian sample
Authors: Bödecs Tamás , Horváth Boldizsár , Kovács Lajos , Diffellné Németh Marietta , Sándor János
Published: October 2009

Hazánkban nem történt átfogó vizsgálat a várandósság alatti depresszió és szorongás gyakoriságának feltérképezésére.
Célkitűzés:
A szerzők a hiányzó adatok megállapításán túl célul tűzték ki azok szociodemográfiai összefüggéseinek vizsgálatát is.
Módszer:
Szombathely 10 védőnői körzetében populációs alapú monitoringot hoztak létre minden nőről, aki 2008. február 1. és 2009. február 1. között került terhességi nyilvántartásba. Háromszázhét fő kora terhességi várandóson a depressziót a rövid Beck-depresszió-kérdőívvel, a szorongást a Spielberger-féle vonásszorongás-kérdőívvel mérték.
Eredmények:
A várandósok 17,9%-a (95%MT: 13,0–21,5%) jelzett depressziós tüneteket, 1,0%-uk súlyos depressziót mutatott. A szorongásos tüneteket mutatók aránya 14,6% (95%MT: 10,7–18,6%) volt, míg 4,2% kifejezetten szorongott. Szignifikánsan magasabb szintű depressziót és szorongást jeleztek a szakmunkás képesítésnél kevesebbel rendelkezők, a legalacsonyabb jövedelműek és a munkahellyel nem rendelkezők. Ezenfelül szignifikánsan magasabb depressziót jeleztek a 18 évnél fiatalabbak és az élettársi kapcsolatban élők.
Következtetések:
A vizsgált mintában a kora terhességi depresszió és szorongás prevalenciája lényegében megegyezik a fejlett piacgazdaságú országokban megfigyelhető gyakoriságokkal.
Novel aspects in the pathogenesis of gastroesophageal reflux disease
Authors: Pregun István , Herszényi László , Bakucz Tamás , Banai János , Molnár László , Altorjay István , Orosz Péter , Csernay László , Tulassay Zsolt
Published: October 2009

A gastrooesophagealis refluxbetegség (GERD) kialakulásában az alsó nyelőcsősphincter (LES) elernyedése és a csökkent LES-tónus mellett a fokozott hasűri nyomás is szerepet játszhat.
Célkitűzés:
Annak vizsgálata, hogy az éveken át tartó, foglalkozással járó fokozott hasűri nyomás, hasprés, erőlködés növeli-e a GERD kialakulásának kockázatát.
Módszer:
A refluxtüneteket kérdőív segítségével kontrollcsoporthoz viszonyítva hivatásos énekesek, fúvós hangszeren játszó művészek és üvegfúvók között értékelték.
Eredmények:
A hivatásos énekesek között a gyomorégés, a regurgitatio és a rekedtség a lényegességi szintet meghaladóan gyakrabban fordult elő (
p
<0,001), mint a kontrollcsoportban. A fúvós hangszeren játszók között a gyomorégés (
p
<0,05) és a regurgitatio (
p
<0,01), míg az üvegfúvóknál a regurgitatio (
p
<0,01) gyakoribb volt, mint a kontrollcsoportban. A refluxos tünetek összefüggtek a foglalkozással eltöltött idővel (
p
<0,05).
Következtetések:
Eredményeik arra utalnak, hogy azon foglalkozások esetén, ahol tartósan fokozott a hasűri nyomás, a refluxtünetek gyakrabban fordulnak elő. Ilyen szempontból a GERD foglalkozási ártalomnak is tekinthető.
Continuous Improvement Initiative to Optimize Reservoir Management in Carbonate Fracture Reservoir: Integrated GGRP in East Java Throughout Bali Area
Authors: Agusetiawan Galih , Sutadiwiria Gunawan , Rukmana Dadang
Published: October 2009

Carbonate rocks have been placed in emphasis for several studies in Indonesia because it is almost covering 60% of production basins in Indonesia; on the other hand, the fractured carbonate zones formed important oil and gas reservoirs. Those reservoir qualities were able to pronounce the sustainability of Indonesia's production for some period of time. Unfortunately, the heterogeneity of carbonate fractured reservoir widely known as the most unpredicted production performances. In Indonesia oil and gas upstream activities, it is often overlook when deal with the development scenario of carbonate field, furthermore to carbonate fractured reservoir. In fact of those, some lesson learn gained from previous approach of reservoir judgment was able to guide in how to better manage the development of those fields in Indonesia.

Regional to detailed technical related aspect to develop carbonate fractured reservoir; involving Geology, Geophysics, Reservoir and Production (GGRP), are the primary important to be considered in order to gain understanding of the uncertainties from heterogeneities of those rock. History of carbonate rock environment depositional system in Indonesia is alongside with equatorial line throughout the geological time scale makes the location beneath Indonesia archipelago comprising with carbonate rock. The native characteristic of Indonesia archipelago became more complex by the support of subduction zone along the region. These complexities of geological condition create opportunities for upstream activities to develop those reservoirs, especially in East Java throughout Bali area.

The initiation to optimizing the production on named area was conduct by integration of reservoir management using a guideline from previous overlook result, without creating pessimistic impression. Seismic relative amplitude processing was deliver to appropriate attribute, supported by geological data from well and each test. Analogy of data was not being used as a prominent data, but rather than a validation of methodology approaches, especially for petrophysics and modeling input. Petrophysics evaluation carried in this study uses an approach of fractured rock rather than possible interconnecting vuggy porosity. The relationship between matrix permeability and fracture permeability was modeled in dual porosity/permeability model; which supported the conclusion to geological condition of carbonate fractured reservoir in the area.
Estimating the Reservoir Hydrocarbon Capacity Through Measurement of the Minimum Capillary Entry Pressure of Shale Cap-Rocks
Authors: Al-Bazali Talal M. , Zhang Jianguo , Chenevert Martin E. , Sharma Mukul Mani
Published: October 2009

Shales play a major role in petroleum exploration and production because they occur both as source rocks and cap-rocks. Their small pore throat size means that very high capillary pressures are required to establish any hydrocarbon saturation in the shales. The minimum capillary entry pressure (trap capacity) defines the maximum height of a hydrocarbon column that can be trapped by a shale.

In this paper, pressure transmission tests were used to experimentally measure capillary entry pressures of various non-wetting fluids (oil-based mud, crude oil. Decane and Nitrogen gas) through different shales. These capillary entry pressures are needed for the estimation of a shale's seal capacity (h). Results show that measured capillary entry pressure (seal capacity) of shales are correlated with other shale properties such as CEC and permeability. The effects of fluid type and interfacial tension on capillary entry pressure of shales were also investigated. Results show that the presence of a hydrocarbon phase (decane) in the shale reduces the shale capillary entry pressure (seal capacity) and significantly increases hydrocarbon flux. Also, the presence of surfactants in the hydrocarbon phase significantly reduces the capillary entry pressure and, therefore, the shale's seal capacity. Measured capillary entry pressures were also used to estimate the pore throat radius of shales.

Since pressure transmission tests are so difficult to run, a quick and easy rig-site electrochemical test on shale cuttings to characterize the capillary entry pressure of drilled shale formations is suggested.
Rheological Characterization of Novel, Delayed-Transition Metal Crosslinked Fracturing Fluids: Correlation With First Field Applications
Authors: Mirakyan Andrey , Abad Carlos , Parris Mike , Chen Yiyan , Mueller Fred
Published: October 2009

The extent of crosslinking produced by a polymeric fracturing gel can significantly contribute to the success or failure of a hydraulic fracturing treatment. In certain cases, excessive crosslinking while the fluid is in the tubulars can result in friction pressures that are too high, and these may prohibit the treatment from achieving the design goals. With titanium (Ti) or zirconium (Zr) crosslinked gels, which are prone to irreversible shear degradation, early crosslinking in the tubulars can substantially reduce the final gel strength, even to the degree that near-wellbore proppant transport is compromised, and the treatment may screen out. On the other hand, a Ti or Zr crosslinked gel that crosslinks substantially after exiting the perforations may not have sufficient proppant-transport capability to complete the treatment successfully.

Varying treatment conditions such as mix-water composition and temperature, tubular shear rate and transit time, and reservoir temperature pose difficult challenges to routinely achieving the optimal crosslinking state. Conditions such as offshore wellbore temperature and viscous heating in smaller-diameter tubing can further complicate the task. Various chemical means have been employed to tune the crosslinking temperature for specific treating conditions. These methods involve addition of chemicals to control the crosslinking kinetics, such as pH buffers; adjustment of crosslinker concentration; and competing ligands to temporarily bind the metal crosslinker. Blended crosslinkers containing a single Group 4 (Ti, Zr) metal with different organic ligands with different binding strengths have been employed to achieve crosslinking at two temperature ranges so that early viscosity for proppant transport can be developed. Mixed metal crosslinkers such as aluminum (Al) and Zr have also been formulated for this same purpose.

This paper examines the disadvantages of these strategies, and describes the development and application of a high-temperature fracturing fluid system that has overcome the issues described.