bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Predictive Credit Risk Analytics Using Borrowers' Digital Footprint and Methods of Statistical Machine Learning
Authors:   Ufa State Aviation Technical University, Ufa, 450008, Russian Federation, Orlova E. V.
Published: October 2021

The article considers the problem of reducing the banks credit risks associated with the insolvency of borrowers — individuals using financial, socio-economic factors and additional data about borrowers digital footprint. A critical analysis of existing approaches, methods and models in this area has been carried out and a number of significant shortcomings identified that limit their application. There is no comprehensive approach to identifying a borrowers creditworthiness based on information, including data from social networks and search engines. The new methodological approach for assessing the borrowers risk profile based on the phased processing of quantitative and qualitative data and modeling using methods of statistical analysis and machine learning is proposed. Machine learning methods are supposed to solve clustering and classification problems. They allow to automatically determine the data structure and make decisions through flexible and local training on the data. The method of hierarchical clustering and the k-means method are used to identify similar social, anthropometric and financial indicators, as well as indicators characterizing the digital footprint of borrowers, and to determine the borrowers risk profile over group. The obtained homogeneous groups of borrowers with a unique risk profile are further used for detailed data analysis in the predictive classification model. The classification model is based on the stochastic gradient boosting method to predict the risk profile of a potencial borrower. The suggested approach for individuals creditworthiness assessing will reduce the banks credit risks, increase its stability and profitability. The implementation results are of practical importance. Comparative analysis of the effectiveness of the existing and the proposed methodology for assessing credit risk showed that the new methodology provides predictive ana­lytics of heterogeneous information about a potential borrower and the accuracy of analytics is higher. The proposed techniques are the core for the decision support system for justification of individuals credit conditions, minimizing the aggregate credit risks.
Alpers- and MNGIE-like disease with disturbed CSF folate transport and an unusual mode of genetic transmission of POLG mutations: a case report
Authors: Korinthenberg Rudolf , Kirschner Janbernd , Eckenweiler Matthias , Steinfeld Robert , Tatishvili Nana Nino , Horvath Rita , Kleinle Stephanie , Abicht Angela
Published: October 2021

We report about a family with three of five siblings affected by a variable remitting-relapsing disease with epileptic seizures, coma and abdominal crises, and lethal outcome in all. In the youngest son and in one of his deceased brothers we identified two disease causing compound heterozygous POLG mutations. One of these was inherited from the mother, but the other was absent in the father`s blood, saliva, buccal swab and hair bulbs although his paternity was proven genetically. Thus, we assume germline mosaicism for this mutation in the father. Very low 5-methyltetrahydrofolate (5-MTHF) and absence of folate receptor-alpha was repeatedly found in the CSF of the youngest brother indicating a secondary cerebral folate transport deficiency. Folinic acid supplementation over 18 months resulted in some improvement of the neurological condition; however, it did not prevent progression of the systemic disease.
The Cloud of Sanctions: Contending U.S.-Russian Approaches & Strategic Implications
Authors: Stulberg A. , Darsey J.
Published: October 2021

Economic sanctions have been the defining feature of the relationship between Russia and the U.S. / EU since the 2014 Ukraine crisis, and both Moscow and Washington appear to accept that sanctions will remain in place indefinitely. This persistence of sanctions presents a paradox: Western policy makers have repeatedly increased the breadth and depth of these sanctions, despite little evidence that the sanctions have ‘worked’ to achieve their explicit and tangible objectives. This paper examines the nature and origin of this paradox using a multi-dimensional examination of Russian and US actions and discourse since the first imposition of Ukraine-related sanctions on Russia in March 2014. This analysis exposes fundamental differences over how the two sides perceive the appropriateness and strategic context of these sanctions, which reflect a basic difference in worldviews between Moscow and Washington. These contending worldviews potentially compound burdens of uncertainty and costly signaling in sanctions between the U.S. and Russia, which also introduces cross-domain risks that can defy efforts to fine-tune the imposition of costs. If not redressed, this dynamic can derail efforts at strategic reengagement, if not inadvertently elevate prospects for dangerous escalation.
“Sosyal Bilgiler Okuryazarlığı” Kavramına Yüklenen Anlamların Zihin Haritalarına Yansımaları
Authors: BAŞCI NAMLI Zeynep , KAYAALP Fatih , MERAL Elif
Published: October 2021

Bu araştırmanın amacı, sosyal bilgiler öğretmen adaylarının sosyal bilgiler okuryazarlığı kavramına yükledikleri anlamlardan hareketle günümüz dünyasında sosyal bilgileri öğrenmek mi sosyal bilgiler okuryazarı olmak mı sorusuna cevap aramaktır. Çalışmada nitel araştırma yaklaşımlarından olgu bilim deseni kullanılmıştır. Araştırmanın çalışma grubunu ölçüt örnekleme yöntemiyle belirlenen toplam 60 sosyal bilgiler öğretmen adayı oluşturmaktadır. Araştırma verilerinin toplanmasında öğretmen adaylarının sosyal bilgiler okuryazarlığı kavramına ilişkin oluşturdukları zihin haritaları kullanılmıştır. Veriler içerik analizi ile MaxQda 2020 nitel veri analiz programında çözümlenmiştir. Araştırma sonucunda öğretmen adaylarının sosyal bilgiler dersinin toplumsal yaşam içerisinde sosyal bilgiler okuryazarlığı üzerinden daha görünür olabileceğini ifade etmişlerdir. Öğretmen adayları, sosyal bilgiler okuryazarı bireylerin; kendini ve içinde yaşadığı toplumu tanıyan, geçmiş, bugün ve gelecek bağlantısı kuran, insan ve çevre ilişkisinin farkında olup doğal çevreyi koruyan, bilimsel ve teknolojik gelişmeleri takip eden, bilinçli tüketici davranışları sergileyen kişiler olması gerektiğini belirtmişlerdir.
Evolving paradigms in the field of periodontal medicine: A review
Authors: Bhatia Vindeshwari , Mahajan Ajay , Asi Kanwarijit Singh , Ashadeep
Published: October 2021

The association between the oral and systemic health has been a matter of discussion since the focal infection theory of the early 20century. This field has evolved with supportable evidence linking poor periodontal status with systemic diseases and extensive research on this complex relationship has given rise to new field of “Periodontal Medicine.” Although the evidence base is quite large on the impact of systemic disorders on periodontium but a smaller but growing evidence base supports an association between poor periodontal health and systemic diseases. Moreover, today’s era of evidence-based medicine and dentistry provides an excellent environment to examine the possible relationships between oral infection and systemic disorders. Therefore, the purpose of writing this review article is to understand the underlying pathophysiology between periodontal health and systemic health with particular focus on the effects of periodontal disease on systemic outcomes.
Un algoritmo global con jacobiano suavizado para problemas de complementariedad no lineal
Authors: Sánchez Wilmer , Pérez Rosana , Martínez Héctor
Published: October 2021

In this paper, we use the smoothing Jacobian strategy to propose a new algorithm for solving complementarity problems based on its reformulation as a nonsmooth system of equations. This algorithm can be seen as a generalization of the one proposed in [18]. We develop its global convergence theory and under certain assumptions, we demonstrate that the proposed algorithm converges locally and, q-superlinearly or q-quadratically to a solution of the problem. Some numerical experiments show a good performance of this algorithm.
Esqueleto Homoto-Homológico en la Categoría de los Grupos Abelianos
Authors: Gaitan Ospina Rafael
Published: October 2021

En este artículo, se presenta la construcción de una teoría de homología general en la categoría de los grupos abelianos en el sentido de R. Ruiz, definida en su texto Introducción a la Teoría de Homología General [22], para categorías en general, la cual satisface una axiomática similar a la presentada por Eilenberg y Steenrod para teorías de homología en categorías admisibles de parejas de espacios topológicos (X, A) [3]. Esta teoría de homología general en los grupos abelianos se construyó por medio de un Esqueleto Homoto-Homológico, definido en este trabajo, mostrando sus conexiones con categorías monoidales y categorías simpliciales.
(E,M)−estructuras inducidas en categorías topológicas
Authors: Angoa Amador Juan , Contreras Carreto Agustín , González Sandoval Jesús
Published: October 2021

In this paper, we describe a convenient categorical structure with respect to a class of monomorphisms M and epimorphisms E for any topological category. We show in particular that the structure that we introduce here, which is induced by topological functors and their initial liftings, allows the study of some M−coreflective subcategories of a topological category. We pay special attention to projective structures.
ANALYSIS OF A.YA. KAPLAN HRV PARAMETRES OF JERSEY BREED COWS WITH DIFFERENT VEGETATIVE STATUS
Authors:   FSBEI HE Kursk State Agricultural Academy, Naumov M.M. , Stepura E.E. ,   SEI HE MD State Social and Humanitarian University, Naumov N.M. ,   FSBSI Kursk Federal Agrarian Scientific Center
Published: October 2021

The article reveals the possibilities of cardiointervalometry using the modern complex electrophysiological laboratory “CONAN - 4.5”. In modern economic conditions, the intensification of animal breeding requires deep and all-sided knowledge of many sciences, especially biology and physiology. The body of an animal consistently undergoes interrelated morphological, biochemical and functional changes that provide functional reserves such as energy, metabolic and informational resources. The adaptation mechanisms and cattle economic use duration in modern conditions of industrial production of livestock products depend on the nature and severity of these reserves. The estimation of slow and fast-wave components of variability of the cardiointervals is carried out - the numerical values of A. Kaplan’s parametres of heart rate variability (respiratory modulation index (RMD), sympathoadrenal tonus index (SATI), slow wave arrhythmia index (SWAI)) of Jersey cows, which reflect the activity of the sympathetic and parasympathetic vegetative nerve system. Mathematical processing of heart rate variability with application of R.M. Baevsky’s method was used in the study. The test group of Jersey cows was divided into subgroups based on the tension index, and initial vegetative statuses were established on its basis. The distribution of the studied group of Jersey cows based on the tension index of regulatory systems was confirmed by statistical processing using the classification matrix, which was 91.26% and with the square degree of Mahalonobis distance D2 between the groups. The obtained statistically processed data in the course of the scientific research have true meaning. In this work, the analysis of the obtained numerical values of of A.Ya. Kaplan’s parametres was carried out and the relationship between the initial vegetative tonus of Jersey cows and the obtained values was considered.
ESTIMATION OF SIMMENTAL COWS FOR MACHINE MILKING SUITABILITY
Authors:   FSBEI “Research Institute of Agriculture of the South-East”, Anisimova E.I. , Katmakov P.S. ,   FSBEI HE Ulyanovsk SAU, Bushov A.V. ,   FSBEI HE Ulyanovsk SAU
Published: October 2021

The paper presents results of studies on evaluating Simmental cows for machine milking suitability. It was found that 78.7% of cows had a bowl-shaped udder, round - 14.7% and goat - 6.6% of cows at ‘agricultural production cooperative “COMBINE”. Bowl-shaped cows are more productive. Their milk yield was 4724 kg for 305 days of lactation with a fat content of 3.97% and a protein content of 3.30%. Their udder index was 47.7%. As for cows with a rounded udder shape, milk yield per lactation was 4246 kg with fat and protein content of 4.08 and 3.26% , respectively, and an udder index of 46.1%. Cows with a goat udder shape were characterized by low milk yield (3181 kg) and the worst parametres of milk fat content (3.88%), milk protein (3.20%) and udder index (2.2%). Approximately the same pattern is observed in the herd of the agricultural cooperative “Abodimovskiy” with slightly worse parametres of cow productivity. The intensity of milk production of cows of agricultural production cooperative “Abodimovsiy” with a bowl-shaped udder was 1.42, round - 1.35 and goat - 1.18 kg / min. Cows with a rounded udder shape had higher milk flow rate, which was equal to 1.65 kg / min, with a bowl-shaped one - 1.24 and with a goat udder shape- 1.09 kg / min in agricultural production cooperative “Combine”. No relation was found between udder index and milk composition. There is also no conjugation between the intensity of milk flow and fat and protein content for udder quarters and for the udder as a whole, whereas a positive correlation was found between the intensity of milk flow and daily milk yield.
FEED ADDITIVES WITH SORPTIVE AND ANTIOXIDANT PROPERTIES FOR IMMUNE STATUS CORRECTION AND PRODUCTIVITY INCREASE OF CATTLE IN CASE OF BULK FEEDING TYPE
Authors:   FSBEI HE Ulyanovsk SAU, Desyatov O.A. , Ulitko V.E. ,   FSBEI HE Ulyanovsk SAU, Pykhtina L.A. ,   FSBEI HE Ulyanovsk SAU, Voevodin Yu. E. ,   FSBEI HE Ulyanovsk SAU
Published: October 2021

The article presents results of studies on correction of silage and haylage rations of young fattening cattle and lactating cows by using sorbing, sorption- probiotic and antioxidant vitamin and mineral supplements. The application of such feed additives as Koretron and Biokoretron-forte in hay rations of fattening cattle in the amount of 1.1 % of its dry matter stimulates protein-synthesizing liver function, which is shown by concentration increase of total protein in blood serum of young animals in the experimental groups compared to the control (by 3, 97 and 5.01 %) albumin (6.21 and 9.34 %) and alpha globulins (9.26 and 16.74 %), concentration increase of immunoglobulins of A, M, G classes, all these parametres are reflected in an increase of average daily gains by 11.75 and 14.73 %. Adding the antioxidant vitamin and mineral supplement Lipovitam-beta to silage rations of cows at a dose of 4 g every 5 days increases their productivity by 7.41 %, which is also confirmed by an increase of serum protein concentration in their blood (by 2.04 %), besides, there is a significant increase of globulins by 3.52 % in the fractional spectrum, the fraction increase of gamma globulins (by 4.69 %), which carry the main load for formation of antibodies, is especially pronounced. The application of Lipovitam - beta has an immunostimulating effect during the period of late pregnancy of cows (7-8 months of pregnancy), which is confirmed by a significant increase of immunoglobulins of A, M and G classes in blood serum, by 8.38 %; 9.37 % and 13.01 %, respectively. Cow reproduction rates are improved
THE IMPORTANCE OF RESEARCH EXPERIMENT WHEN DEVELOPING A CONTACT GRAIN DRYER
Authors:   FSBEI HE Ulyanovsk SAU, Ageev P.S. , Sutyagin S.A. ,   FSBEI HE Ulyanovsk SAU, Kurdyumov V.I. ,   FSBEI HE Ulyanovsk SAU, Pavlushin A.A. ,   FSBEI HE Ulyanovsk SAU
Published: October 2021

When conducting experimental studies, it is necessary to carry out a number of experiments sufficient for obtaining an adequate process improvement model. The process of grain heat treatment in a contact type grain dryer is influenced by a large number of different factors. The study of the total influence of a large number of factors, combined in arbitrary correlation, often leads to unclear patterns and erroneous conclusions. In this regard, all factors that influence the process of grain heat treatment in the developed installation were ranked into the main ones, which have the greatest influence on process development, carrying the greatest information, and additional ones, which are of secondary importance. Applying the method of a priori information formalization, as well as taking into account the requirements for factors (controllability, homogeneity and lack of correlation between them), we identified those of them that have the greatest impact on the process of grain heat treatment in the developed installation: the temperature of the heating surface and the rotation frequency of the conveying working body. Based on the study of previously performed studies on grain heat treatment, research experiments, and also, based on the design features of the developed installation, the factor variation ranges were identified. When conducting the main experiment, we chose the total specific energy consumption for evaporation process of 1 kg of moisture from seeds q, kJ / kg as a criterion for improvement. This parametre combined the process energy parametres, as well as heat, mass transfer, as it depends on the amount of energy consumed and moisture removal. Methodologically correct research experiment allowed us to narrow the field of experiments and, with the minimum required number of experiments, to obtain adequate and reliable results of the main experiment. Improvement of the heating surface temperature and CWB rotation frequency during drying of camelina seeds made it possible to provide the total specific energy consumption for moisture evaporation of 4.40 ... 4.55 MJ / kg with a one-time moisture removal of 2.6 ... 3.1 %
APPLICATION EFFICIENCY OF THE COMPLEX OF ORGANIC FERTILIZERS IN WINTER WHEAT CULTIVATION TECHNOLOGY IN THE FOREST STEPPE OF THE VOLGA REGION
Authors:   FSBEI HE Ulyanovsk SAU, Kulikova A. Kh. , Yashin E. A. ,   FSBEI HE Ulyanovsk SAU, Karpov A. V. ,   FSBEI HE Ulyanovsk SAU
Published: October 2021

The paper presents results of studying the effectiveness of a complex of organic fertilizers (straw, green manure, biological product) in the technology of winter wheat cultivation. Experimental field studies were carried out on the experimental field of Ulyanovsk State Agrarian University in 2018 - 2020 in a five-field grain-green manure crop rotation: green manure fallow - winter wheat - millet - spring wheat - barley. The experiment scheme included 6 variants: 1. Control, 2. Forecrop straw (barley) + green manure (vetch-oat mixture), 3. Straw + 10 kg N / t straw + green manure, 4. Straw + biological product + green manure, 5. Biological product + green manure, 6.N64P32K54 (NPK). The experiment was carried out in a 4-fold repetition with a randomized placement of plots, the record area of which was 72 m2 (4x18), total - 120 m2 (6x20). Mineral fertilizers are calculated for the planned yield of winter wheat of 4.5 t / ha. “Biocomposite-correct” product produced by AO Shchelkovo Agrokhim was used as a biological fertilizer. The experiment focused on the change of soil agrochemical parameters (typical medium-thick medium-loamy black soil) depending on application of fertilizers, grain yield, its quality and environmental safety; economic assessment of winter wheat cultivation technology with application of fertilizers was conducted. A significant improvement of the soil nutrient regime was found in case of application of a complex of organic methods, which was slightly inferior to the variant with full fertilization. The yield increase of winter wheat grain in case of combined usage of straw, green manure and a biological product was 0.67 t / ha (control - 5.83 t / ha). The usage of a complex 80 of biological techniques for winter wheat cultivation is environmentally safe and cost effective.
POTENTIALLY PRODUCTIVE SELECTION DEVELOPMENT DIRECTIONS OF HASHISH - FREE VARIETIES OF THE CENTRAL RUSSIAN HEMP
Authors:   FSBEI HE Chuvash SAU, Dimitriev V.L. , Shashkarov L.G. ,   FSBEI HE Chuvash SAU, Lozhkin A.G. ,   FSBEI HE Chuvash SAU
Published: October 2021

The article considers and presents the main economic and biological parametres of new hashish-free varieties of androgenous hemp of the Central Russian type. The authors studied four zoned and recommended the following varieties of androgenous hemp into production: Diana, Ingreda, Antonio and Juliana. The research was carried out in 2013-2015 on the experimental base of Chuvash Research Institute of Agriculture. The objects of the research were androgenous hemp varieties: Diana, Ingreda, Antonio and Juliana. A comparative study of the varieties by a complex of economically valuable traits was carried out on a control seed plot. Experimental plots were 2-row, row width - 0.45 m, row length - 5.0 m, plot area - 4.5 m2. Repetition was sixfold. Sowing was carried out with a hand marker, the seeding scheme was 5x45 cm. According to the analysis, it was revealed that androgenous hemp has a high population uniformity by gender. It was established that early maturity of androgenous hemp varieties allows them to be cultivated both for seeds and fiber, which significantly increases the economic production efficiency. Androgenous hemp plants ensure simultaneous maturation of plants, which, in turn, allows mechanized harvesting to be carried out. A promising and noteworthy direction of hemp selection work is development of the so-called unisexual hybrids. It was revealed that the basis for creation of unisexual hemp is hybridization: dioecious varieties are taken for the maternal form, and monoecious varieties - for the fatherly one. In this regard, the question of creating the so-called unisexual hemp hybrids has been and remains an eternal topic of scientific research
Determinants of GCC Women Entrepreneurs Performance: Are they Different from Men?
Authors: Madbouly Araby , Khayyal Huda Al , Mourssi Anwar , Wakeel Waleed Al
Published: October 2021

The study aims to understand the impact of different factors on the performance of GCC entrepreneurs and to what extent this effect is different between women and men. To accomplish the determined aim, the research used quantitative research method. Survey strategy has been implanted to collect the data via structured questionnaire technique. The questionnaire was distributed online for 750 GCC male and female entrepreneurs. 262 responses have been received. The data was analysed using descriptive analysis while ANOVA was implemented to assess the differences between men and women in their reflections towards determinants of their performance. The investigation found that females consider education, training and business networks and access to finance are significant factors impact their performance. GCC women’s performance is affected by these determinants more than men counterparts. Both men and women entrepreneurs believe that access to finance as an important determinant for their performance without significant difference between the two genders. This research provides a proper guidance for the policy makers to give more attention to education and training for women entrepreneurs. More focus on entrepreneurship education may foster the women entrepreneurship. Training is also a significant determinant of their performance than men. This may pay the attention to the role of supporting institutions, even formal or informal; to design proper training programmes for women entrepreneurs. Supporting institutions needs also to play more roles towards enforcing the networks for women entrepreneurs.
Financial Development, Institutions, Gender and Entrepreneurship in the United Arab Emirates
Authors: Hameli Afra , Kampouris Ilias , Machaal Amal Kamal , Mertzanis Charilaos
Published: October 2021

The paper explores the role of financial development on entrepreneurship in the United Arab Emirates by using data on new business registration and new business density over the period 2006-2018. The country is undergoing a rapid transformation phase characterizzed by substantial efforts to boost private sector entepreneurship. The data is drawn from the World Bank’s World Development Indicators. We use the International Monetary Fund’s composite financial development index to capture financial development in the country. The index comprises information on financial depth, access and efficiency by both financial institutions and markets. The paper controls for the impact on the macroeconomic conditions, institutional factors, such as gender equality and the fear of failure, the innovation environment and the business startup environment. The results show that financial development is a robust predictor of entepreneurial activity in the UAE. Macroeconomic, institutional and innovation conditions further mediate the link in more or less significant ways.
Gender Gap in Labor Supply, Leisure, Consumption, and Home Production and National Policy in Japan
Authors: Piao Xiangdan , Nasuda Akiko
Published: October 2021

This study investigates single individuals’ different choices over time in terms of use (labor supply, home production time input, leisure) and consumption (market consumption goods, home production goods) and provides evidence to explain the differences. To this effect, we use the structural model of the Almost Ideal Demand System with a Cobb-Douglas home production function. The results are summarized as follows. Regarding labor supply, both women and men have the same working willingness in the labor market when women are paid as much as men. Overall, although the regional gender income gap appears different between major metropolitan areas and non-major metropolitan areas, our results indicate that the income gap would disappear by diminishing the wage gap. However, for home production, the gender gap persists when women apply the same conditions as men, although the gap is small. Policy implied that reducing the gender wage gap is an important tool to encourage single women to work as men in the workplace regardless of the area.
Possibilities of using space-cartographic methods in strategic environmental assessment
Authors:   Kemerovo State University, Zheleznov Yaroslav A.
Published: October 2021

This article analyzes the current state of space-cartographic research methods and their application in strategic environmental assessment using the example of processing space-cartographic material and its digitalization in order to form a digital management platform that will further allow developing necessary measures for effective environmental management. The basics are briefly outlined and the possibility of using space-cartographic methods to study the state of geoecosystems for solving highly specialized problems in the context of strategic environmental assessment is considered. On a specific example, the main results of these methods application for assessing the geoecological state of the coal-mining areas of the Kemerovo Oblast in the context of strategic environmental assessment are considered.
Synoptic conditions for the formation of thundersnow in the territory of Western Siberia
Authors:   Saratov State University, Pryakhina Sofya I. , Kotova Anna A. ,   Saratov State University
Published: October 2021

The article presents the results of work on the study of synoptic conditions for the formation of a dangerous weather phenomenon for the territory of Western Siberia – a thundersnow. The material for the study was the archive of aerosynoptic material from the Khanty-Mansiysk Air Meteorological Center.
Anomalous phenomena and geoecological situation in the Russian Far East
Authors:   Pacific Institute of Geography, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Skrylnik Gennady P.
Published: October 2021

The development of the geosystems of the Russian Far East proceeds under the enormous but contradictory in nature double influence of the continent and the ocean and is carried out through the atmosphere. The goal is to characterize hazardous natural phenomena depending on the differentiated natural tension of the Far East (from maximum in the south to moderate in the north), often causing disasters and creating tense levels of the geoecological situation in general. The article presents comparative-geographical, geophysical, informational methods, as well as author’s development, etc. Further strengthening of the natural continentality of the entire region climate predetermines a directed increase in the geosystems development of the role of hazardous natural processes. If a sharp anthropogenic climate warming occurs, an accelerated rise in the level of the World Ocean is possible, which will cause increased abrasion, avalanches and landslides in the coastal zone. In case of a persisting general cooling, a general extremalization of the entire natural environment will occur. Crisis situations are, to a certain extent, predictable, which can help in optimizing rational nature management.
Ichthyofauna of the border sediments of the Severodvinsky and Vyatsky stages in the Late Permian localities in the west of the Orenburg region (Samara river basin)
Authors:   Saratov State University, Minikh Alla V. , Yankevich Dmitry I. ,   OOO Ingeokom, Andrushkevich Stanislav O. ,   Saratov State University, Andrushkevich Oleg Yu. ,   Kazan Federal University, Institute of Geology and Oil and Gas Technologies
Published: October 2021

A detailed study of the section of the severodvinsky and vyatsky stages of the Upper Permian with layer-by-layer sampling of ichthyofauna in the western part of the Orenburg region (basin of the lower reaches of the Samara River) was carried out. Based on the fish complexes, a paleontological justification of the stratigraphic boundary between the severodvinsky and vyatsky stages was obtained in the region for the first time.
SOCIAL FACTORS AND PASHTO-ENGLISH CODESWITCHING: THE CASE OF ENGLISH AS EMBEDDED LANGUAGE IN KHYBER PAKHTUNKHWA, PAKISTAN
Authors: Khan Arshad Ali , Nazir Naureen , Hamid Abdul , Nazir Neelam
Published: October 2021

Purpose of the Study: The present research investigates the use of English codeswitching about the social factors which influence the use of English in the Pashto language. First, the focus of the study lies on the social factors e.g., style, interlocutors, topic, social distance, social status, and identity, etc., and their influence on English codeswitching in the Pashto language. Methodology of the study: The data was collected with the help of a questionnaire consist of 13th statements. The data collected were further analyzed with the help of quantitative and qualitative methods employing descriptive analysis, SPSS 15, and the percentage method.  Main Findings: The dominant pattern of codeswitching was insertion with nouns the most frequent codeswitching item. The study indicates that education is the key factor that influences English codeswitching and it also shows that Pashto is the dominant language of communication and is used as a symbol of solidarity and social marker in the Pashto speech community.  Application of the study: The researcher can extend this study of codeswitching to a different contact setting such Pashto-Urdu and Pashto-Punjabi. The density of bilingualism is expected to give different types of codeswitching patterns. Novelty/Originality of this study: This study is the pioneer study that focused on the effect of social factors on the selection of language in bilingual settings.
DIGITALIZATION AS A DIRECTION OF TRANSFORMATION OF CRIMINAL PROCEEDINGS
Authors: Pavlova T. О.
Published: October 2021

The article is devoted to the study of the influence of the process of digitalization on the transformation of modern criminal proceedings, the functioning of the institution of justice in general. The introduction of electronic criminal proceedings in our country is due to the development of a modern electronic society and trends in the introduction of information and communication technologies in the world. Electronic criminal proceedings is a “smart” information and analytical system that digitizes paper documents, allows the exchange of files within the framework of criminal proceedings. It is proposed to carry out a detailed and systematic analysis of the provisions of the current national legislation in order to introduce the appropriate substantiated legislative changes and consolidate the concept, stages, and algorithm of the electronic criminal proceedings; the introduction of electronic criminal proceedings on the basis of the functioning of Unified Register of Pre-trial Inquiry. Electronic criminal proceedings are an inevitable phenomenon of the modern information world. For the quality of operation of electronic criminal proceedings, it is necessary to take into account the advantages and risks of the functioning of a “smart” system. The advantages of introducing electronic criminal proceedings include: saving money and time; reduction of terms for consideration of procedural documents; simplification of access of subjects of criminal proceedings within their competence to procedural materials; increasing the efficiency of the investigation of criminal proceedings and so on. The introduction of electronic criminal proceedings should take place quite deliberately, with the understanding that digital technologies will inevitably affect relationship between people and the formation of their thinking. We believe that digital intelligence is not capable to replace a specialist completely. The digitalization of criminal proceedings will entail certain risks and difficulties. It is necessary to protect the collected personal data, which will prevent the drafting of clone documents and the «leaking» of confidential information in connection with cyber-attacks. It is also necessary to protect the provision of necessary equipment for law enforcement officers and judges in the field; the need to integrate among themselves the working electronic systems of the pre-trial inquiry bodies and the court; training of personnel capable of working with digital computer technologies and so on.
HARMONIZATION OF UKRAINIAN AND EUROPEAN UNION LEGISLATION ON THE PROTECTION OF THE RIGHTS TO GEOGRAPHICAL INDICATIONS: BACKGROUND, SITUATION AND PROSPECTS
Authors: Barskyy V. R. , Dvornichenko D. Yu.
Published: October 2021

The article is devoted to the issue of harmonization of the legislation of Ukraine and the European Union on geographical indications. The study of the influence of the European experience in the field of protection of geographical indications is explained by the systemic reform of this institution in Ukraine. The protection of geographical indications is becoming increasingly important in the context of a gradual increase in trade between Ukraine and the European Union. Based on the analysis of the correlation of the EU law with the legislation of its member-states in the field of protection of geographical indications, a forecast of the development of this legal field in Ukraine is provided and the current tasks related to its revision and development are determined. The system of protection of geographical indications of the European Union is constantly adapted to the needs of the market. Current trends in its development include the gradual merging of the sovereignty of member states in the field of intellectual property protection, which in the long run may lead to the disappearance of relevant areas of national legislation of individual countries. Therefore, Ukraine must adapt to this trend as soon as possible at the legislative level. The ratio of sources of national legislation of Ukraine and acts of the European Union indicates that the latter significantly affect the development and functioning of the relevant legal field of Ukraine. Firstly, the Association Agreement between Ukraine, on the one hand, and the European Union, the European Atomic Energy Community and their Member States, on the other hand, is an element of the national legal system and can be directly applied to the relevant legal relationship. Secondly, the acts of the European Union on the protection of geographical values determine the directions and parameters of the development of national legislation of Ukraine in the relevant field. In particular, the harmonization of the legislation of Ukraine to the European Union standards on geographical indications has led to amendments to the Civil Code, Economic Code and the adoption of a new version of the law “On legal protection of geographical indications”.
An IoT based Low-cost Weather Monitoring System for Smart Farming
Authors: Dayananda L.P.S.S.K. , Narmilan A. , Pirapuraj P.
Published: October 2021

Background: Weather monitoring is an important aspect of crop cultivation for reducing economic loss while increasing productivity. Weather is the combination of current meteorological components, such as temperature, wind direction and speed, amount and kind of precipitation, sunshine hours and so on. The weather defines a time span ranging from a few hours to several days. The periodic or continuous surveillance or the analysis of the status of the atmosphere and the climate, including parameters such as temperature, moisture, wind velocity and barometric pressure, is known as weather monitoring. Because of the increased usage of the internet, weather monitoring has been upgraded to smart weather monitoring. The Internet of Things (IoT) is one of the new technology that can help with many precision farming operations. Smart weather monitoring is one of the precision agriculture technologies that use sensors to monitor correct weather. The main objective of the research is to design a smart weather monitoring and real-time alert system to overcome the issue of monitoring weather conditions in agricultural farms in order for farmers to make better decisions. Methods: Different sensors were used in this study to detect temperature and humidity, pressure, rain, light intensity, CO2 level, wind speed and direction in an agricultural farm and real time clock sensor was used to measured real time weather data. The major component of this system was an Arduino Uno microcontroller and the system ran according to a program written in the Arduino Uno software. Result: This is a low-cost smart weather monitoring system. This system’s output unit were a liquid crystal display and a GSM900A module. The weather data was displayed on a liquid crystal display and the GSM900A module was used to send the data to a mobile phone. This smart weather station was used to monitor real-time weather conditions while sending weather information to the farmer’s mobile phone, allowing him to make better decisions to increase yield.
Genetic Analysis of Fitness Traits of Kashmir Merino Sheep at Organized Farms of Kashmir
Authors: Rather Mubashir Ali , Hamadani Ambreen , Malik Tariq Ahmad , Bashir Imran , Ahmad Ishfaq
Published: October 2021

Background: Fitness traits include measures of reproductive efficiency of sheep. The improvement in reproductive efficiency has significant impact on overall economy of sheep. Methods: Data spanning over 21 years (1997-2017) were collected from two sheep breeding farm and analyzed with mixed model least-squares maximum likelihood (LSMLMW) computer (PC-2) programme designed by Harvey (1990) to estimate number of lambs born per ewe (NLBE), number of lambs weaned per ewe (NLWE), litter size (LS) and sex ratio (SR) of Kashmir Merino sheep. Result: Overall estimates of 3.56±0.11, 3.20±0.10, 48.32±0.04 and 1.06±0.01 for number of lambs born per ewe (NLBE), number of lambs weaned per ewe (NLWE), litter size (LS) and sex ratio (SR), respectively were observed in the present study. The period of birth had significant (p less than 0.05) effect on NLBE and NLEE. The effect of sire was highly significant on all the traits under study whereas effect of all the non-genetic factors considered had non-significant effect on LS and SR.
Temporal and Spatial Delineation the Rice Growing Stages for Cropping Calendar Estimation in the Southern of Vietnam using Remote Sensing
Authors: Minh Vo Quang , Hien Tran Thi , Diep Nguyen Thi Hong , Huong Huynh Thi Thu , Diem Phan Kieu
Published: October 2021

Background: MODerate resolution imaging spectroradiometer (MODIS) is the crucial instrument aboard. It provides global maps of several land surface characteristics. Method: The study uses MODIS to delineate the rice sowing and progress of the rice cropping calendar in the Vietnamese Mekong Delta. The study used multi-time series of normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) images from 250 m spatial resolution MOD13Q1 images with 16-day combination to determine rice sowing/planting and harvesting schedules (from 01/01/2008 to 30/09/2009). Using 82 MODIS images, the study calculates the NDVI time series for rice sowing/transplanting stages in the Mekong Delta. Over time, the relationship between NDVI values and the rice cropping stages determines each cropping season starting and ending time. Result: As a result, we delineate three (3) major rice cropping systems and eight (8) cropping seasons. In which Main Winter-Spring and Early Summer-Autumn and Late Main Winter-Spring and Main Summer-Autumn cropping seasons dominated. MODIS satellite images are efficient and helpful for determining the current state of rice evolution. It is suitable for the regional or national level, which can provide quick and low-cost information for managers and decision-makers to select the proper strategies for crop management.
Isolation of Gamma Ray Induced Urd Bean [Vigna mungo (L.) hepper] Mutants with Improved Batter Quality
Authors: Vanniarajan C. , Souframanien J. , Lavanya S. Anandhi
Published: October 2021

Background: The urd bean variety MDU 1 has a duration of 70-75 days, bushy in nature and is susceptible to yellow mosaic virus. In order to develop a determinate type and improved batter quality, MDU 1 and VBN (Bg) 4 blackgram seeds were treated with different doses (100 Gy, 200 Gy, 300 Gy, 400 Gy and 500 Gy) of gamma rays. Methods: Uniform sized seeds treated with different mutagenic doses were raised in randomised block design which constitute M1 generation. Each plant was harvested individually and forwarded to M2 generation following plant to progeny row method. The determinate types were selected from M2 generation and forwarded to further generations. After attaining homozygosity in the advanced generation, the mutants were checked for its biochemical characters (Total solubule protein content analysed by kjeldahl method, albumin and globulin analysed by Lowery’s method, arabinose content analysed by Bial method. Result: The mutants ACM - 16 -011, ACM - 16 -015, ACM - 16 -018 were found to have an arabinose content of 8.28%, 8.98% and 8.14% respectively. All these mutants recorded more batter volume over the variety MDU 1. The albumin (%) and globulin (%) contents were also found at remarkably increased levels in the mutants. These mutants have the potential to develop a high quality variety of urd bean and therefore are very useful in breeding programme.
Yield Enhancement of Pigeonpea [Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.] through Drip Irrigation and Fertigation Management
Authors: Gadade G.D. , Gokhale D.N. , Kadale A.S.
Published: October 2021

Background: Pigeonpea an indeterminate pulse crop with profuse branching responds well to both irrigation and fertilizer. Erratic rainfall distribution pattern exposes this crop to dry spell during its vegetative stage and terminal drought at reproductive stage and the poor crop nutrition further results in to low yield. Under such circumstances it is very difficult to sustain the yield of pigeonpea. Agronomic practices like precise and timely application of drip irrigation along with judicious use of nutrients play a vital role to boost the yield of any crop. Thus the attempts were made to explore the yield potential of pigeonpea under drip irrigation and fertigation management. Methods: The present study was conducted at the experimental farm of AICRP on Irrigation Water Management, VNMKV, Parbhani (MS) during kharif 2018 and 2019. The experiment was laid out in split plot design with main plots comprising of four drip irrigation levels viz. 0.6, 0.8, 1.0 ETc (crop evapotranspiration) and conventional method and sub plots were allotted to four fertigation levels viz. control (no fertilizer), 80% RDF, 100% RDF (25: 50: 25 NPK kg ha-1) and 120% RDF. Result: Drip irrigation at 0.8 ETc recorded higher seed yield, harvest index, water use efficiency, nutrient use efficiency and net returns of pigeonpea followed by 1.0 ETc except in case of water use efficiency. As regards to fertigation studies, higher values of seed yield, harvest index and water use efficiency were recorded with drip fertigation @ 25:50:25 NPK kg ha-1 closely followed by 20:40:20 NPK kg ha-1. However higher nutrient use efficiency and net returns were obtained in drip fertigation @ 20:40:20 NPK kg ha-1.
Humanitarian Evidence Summary No.18
Authors: Kelly Luke
Published: October 2021

This is the 18th monthly Humanitarian Evidence Summary (HUMES) to signpost FCDO and other UK government departments to the latest relevant evidence and discourse on humanitarian action to inform and support their response. It is the result of 1 day of work per month and is not intended to be a comprehensive summary of available evidence on humanitarian action but aims to make original documents easily accessible to decision-makers that, if relevant to them, they could refer to before making decisions.
Planification systématique de la conservation basée sur les contraintes, une approche générique et expressive : application à l’aide à la décision pour la conservation des forêts de Nouvelle-Calédonie
Authors: JUSTEAU-ALLAIRE Dimitri
Published: October 2021

Issue de la biologie de la conservation, la planification systématique de la conservation (PSC) est une approche pratique qui se propose de fournir une aide à la décision dans la planification des actions de conservation en intégrant les objectifs écologiques avec les contraintes des gestionnaires. Basée sur la modélisation, l’optimisation et l’informatique, la PSC offre un cadre rationnel pour aborder les problématiques environnementales et réduire le fossé entre recherche et gestion.

Dans cette thèse, nous avons introduit une approche formelle pour modéliser et résoudre des problèmes de PSC basée sur la programmation par contraintes, une méthode issue de l'intelligence artificielle et fondée sur le raisonnement automatique. Notre motivation principale était d'apporter plus d'expressivité à la PSC (i.e. d'accroître l'étendue et la variété des problèmes qui peuvent être représentés et résolus), notamment par l'intégration de contraintes spatiales avancées et d'indices du paysage. Cette approche permet également d’obtenir des garanties sur la qualité des solutions produites (satisfaisabilité, optimalité) qui peuvent améliorer considérablement la qualité de l'aide à la décision.

Nous avons appliqué cette approche sur des données réelles issues des forêts de Nouvelle-Calédonie, un point chaud de la biodiversité qui doit faire face à de nombreux défis pour la conservation de sa biodiversité. Le contexte développé, insulaire et peu peuplé de cet archipel permet une grande proximité entre les différents acteurs de la conservation, ce qui en fait un terrain d'étude approprié pour expérimenter de nouveaux outils pour la conservation. Nous avons illustré cette particularité à travers un cas d'étude mené en étroite collaboration avec les gestionnaires du parc provincial de la « Côte Oubliée -– Woen Vùù – Pwa Pereeù ». Dans cette étude, nous avons fourni une aide à la décision dans un projet de reforestation, en mettant l'accent sur la réduction de la fragmentation et l'amélioration de la connectivité structurelle. Dans l'ensemble, nous avons démontré le caractère générique, la flexibilité et l'expressivité de l'approche basée sur les contraintes appliquée à la PSC. Nos résultats ont également ouvert de nouvelles perspectives pour l'aide à la décision en Nouvelle-Calédonie, la PSC, et la programmation par contraintes.