bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Bioclimatic change as a function of global warming from CMIP6 climate projections
Authors: Sparey Morgan , Cox Peter , Williamson Mark S.
Published: January 2023

Abstract. Climate change is predicted to lead to major changes in terrestrial ecosystems. However, substantial differences in climate model projections for given scenarios of greenhouse gas emissions continue to limit detailed assessment. Here we show, using a traditional Köppen–Geiger bioclimate classification system, that the latest CMIP6 Earth system models actually agree well on the fraction of the global land surface that would undergo a major change per degree of global warming. Data from “historical” and “SSP585” model runs are used to create bioclimate maps at various degrees of global warming and to investigate the performance of the multi-model ensemble mean when classifying climate data into discrete categories. Using a streamlined Köppen–Geiger scheme with 13 classifications, global bioclimate classification maps at 2 and 4 K of global warming above a 1901–1931 reference period are presented. These projections show large shifts in bioclimate distribution, with an almost exclusive change from colder, wetter bioclimates to hotter, drier ones. Historical model run performance is assessed and examined by comparison with the bioclimatic classifications derived from the observed climate over the same time period. The fraction (f) of the land experiencing a change in its bioclimatic class as a function of global warming (ΔT) is estimated by combining the results from the individual models. Despite the discrete nature of the bioclimatic classification scheme, we find only a weakly saturating dependence of this fraction on global warming f =1-e-0.14ΔT, which implies about 13 % of land experiencing a major change in climate per 1 K increase in global mean temperature between the global warming levels of 1 and 3 K. Therefore, we estimate that stabilizing the climate at 1.5 K rather than 2 K of global warming would save over 7.5 million square kilometres of land from a major bioclimatic change.
A New Look into the Impacts of Dust Radiative Forcing on the Energetics of Tropical Easterly Waves
Authors: Hosseinpour Farnaz E. , Wilcox Eric M.
Published: January 2023

Abstract. Saharan dust aerosols are often embedded in tropical easterly waves, also known as African easterly waves, and are transported thousands of kilometers across the tropical Atlantic Oceans, reaching the Caribbean Sea, Amazon Basin, and the eastern U.S. However, due to the complexity of the African and Atlantic climate dynamics, there is still a lack of understanding of how dust particles may influence the development of African easterly waves, which are coupled to deep convective systems over the tropical Atlantic Ocean and in some cases may seed the growth of tropical cyclones. Here we apply 22 years of daily satellite observations and reanalysis data to explore the relationships between dust in the Saharan air layer and the development of African easterly waves. Our findings show that dust aerosols are not merely transported by the African easterly jet and the African easterly waves system across the tropical Atlantic Ocean, but also contribute to the changes in the eddy energetics of the African easterly waves. The radiative forcing efficiency of dust in the atmosphere is estimated to be a warming of approximately 20 Wm-2 over the ocean and 35 Wm-2 over land. This diabatic heating of dust aerosols in the Saharan Air Layer acts as an additional energy source to increase the growth of the waves. The enhanced diabatic heating of dust leads to the increase in meridional temperature gradients in the baroclinic zone, where eddies extract available potential energy from the mean-flow and convert it to eddy kinetic energy. This suggests that diabatic heating of dust aerosols can increase the eddy kinetic energy of the African easterly waves and enhance the baroclinicity of the region. Our findings also show that dust outbreaks over the tropical Atlantic Ocean precede the development of baroclinic waves downstream of the African easterly jet, which suggests that the dust radiative forcing has the capability to trigger the generation of the zonal and meridional transient eddies in the system comprising the African Easterly Jet and African easterly waves.
Open-path measurement of stable water isotopologues using mid-infrared dual-comb spectroscopy
Authors: Herman Daniel I. , Mead Griffin , Giorgetta Fabrizio R. , Baumann Esther , Malarich Nathan , Washburn Brian R. , Newbury Nathan R. , Coddington Ian , Cossel Kevin C.
Published: January 2023

Abstract. We present an open-path mid-infrared dual-comb spectrometer (DCS) capable of precise measurement of the stable water isotopologues H216O and HD16O. This system ran in a remote configuration at a rural test site for 3.75 months with 60 % uptime and achieved a precision of <2 ‰ on the normalized ratio of H216O and HD16O (δD) in 1000 seconds. Here, we compare the δD values from the DCS to those from the National Ecological Observatory Network (NEON) isotopologue point sensor network. Over the multi-month campaign, the mean difference between the DCS δD values and the NEON δD values from a similar ecosystem is <2 ‰ with a standard deviation of 18 ‰, which demonstrates the inherent accuracy of DCS measurements over a variety of atmospheric conditions. We observe time-varying diurnal profiles and seasonal trends that are mostly correlated between the sites on daily time scales. This observation motivates the development of denser ecological monitoring networks aimed at understanding regional and synoptic scale water transport. Precise and accurate open-path measurements using DCS provide new capabilities for such networks.
Can rifts alter ocean dynamics beneath ice shelves?
Authors: Poinelli Mattia , Schodlok Michael , Larour Eric , Vizcaino Miren , Riva Riccardo
Published: January 2023

Abstract. Land ice discharge from the Antarctic continent into the ocean is restrained by ice shelves, floating extensions of grounded ice that buttress the glacier outflow. The ongoing thinning of these ice shelves – largely due to enhanced melting at their base in response to global warming – is known to accelerate the release of glacier meltwater into the world oceans, augmenting global sea level. Mechanisms of ocean heat intrusion under the ice base are therefore crucial to project the future of Antarctic ice shelves. Furthermore, ice shelves are weakened by the presence of km-wide full-thickness ice rifts, which are observed all around Antarctica. However, their impact on ocean circulation around and below ice shelves has been largely unexplored as ocean models are commonly characterized by resolutions that are too coarse to resolve their presence. Here, we apply the Massachusetts Institute of Technology general circulation model at high resolution to investigate the sensitivity of sub-shelf ocean dynamics and ice shelf melting to the presence of a km-wide rift in proximity of the ice front. We find that (a) the rift curtails water and heat intrusion beneath the ice shelf base and (b) basal melting of a rifted ice shelf is on average 20 % lower than for an intact ice shelf under identical forcing. We therefore posit that rifts and their impact in the sub-shelf dynamics are important to consider in order to accurately reproduce and project pathways of heat intrusion into the ice shelf cavity.
Multi-hazard susceptibility mapping of cryospheric hazards in a high-Arctic environment: Svalbard Archipelago
Authors: Nicu Ionut Cristi , Elia Letizia , Rubensdotter Lena , Tanyaş Hakan , Lombardo Luigi
Published: January 2023

Abstract. The Svalbard Archipelago represents the northernmost
place on Earth where cryospheric hazards, such as thaw slumps (TSs) and
thermo-erosion gullies (TEGs) could take place and rapidly develop under the
influence of climatic variations. Svalbard permafrost is specifically
sensitive to rapidly occurring warming, and therefore, a deeper understanding
of TSs and TEGs is necessary to understand and foresee the dynamics behind
local cryospheric hazards' occurrences and their global implications. We
present the latest update of two polygonal inventories where the extent of
TSs and TEGs is recorded across Nordenskiöld Land (Svalbard Archipelago),
over a surface of approximately 4000 km2. This area was chosen because
it represents the most concentrated ice-free area of the Svalbard
Archipelago and, at the same time, where most of the current human
settlements are concentrated. The inventories were created through the visual
interpretation of high-resolution aerial photographs as part of our ongoing
effort toward creating a pan-Arctic repository of TSs and TEGs. Overall, we
mapped 562 TSs and 908 TEGs, from which we separately generated two
susceptibility maps using a generalised additive model (GAM) approach,
under the assumption that TSs and TEGs manifest across Nordenskiöld Land,
according to a Bernoulli probability distribution. Once the
modelling results were validated, the two susceptibility patterns were combined into the
first multi-hazard cryospheric susceptibility map of the area. The two
inventories are available at https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.945348 (Nicu et al., 2022a)
and https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.945395
(Nicu et al., 2022b).
High-resolution distribution maps of single-season rice in China from 2017 to 2022
Authors: Shen Ruoque , Pan Baihong , Peng Qiongyan , Dong Jie , Chen Xuebing , Zhang Xi , Ye Tao , Huang Jianxi , Yuan Wenping
Published: January 2023

Abstract. Paddy rice is the second-largest grain crop in China and plays an important role in ensuring global food security. However, there is no high-resolution map of rice covering all of China. This study developed a new rice mapping method by combining optical and synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images in cloudy areas based on the time-weighted dynamic time warping (TWDTW) method and produced distribution maps of single-season rice in 21 provincial administrative regions of China from 2017 to 2022 at 10 or 20-m resolution. The accuracy was examined by using 108195 survey samples and county-level statistical data. On average, the user’s, producer’s, and overall accuracy over all investigated provincial administrative regions were 73.08 %, 82.81 %, and 85.23 %, respectively. Compared with the statistical data from 2017 to 2019, the distribution map explained 83 % of the spatial variation of county-level planting areas on average. The distribution maps can be obtained at https://doi.org/10.57760/sciencedb.06963 (Shen et al., 2023).
Pandemi dönemindeki uzaktan eğitim uygulamalarının engelli öğrencilerin akademik başarısına etkisi: Bir vakıf üniversitesi örneği
Authors: ONAN Kıvanç , KAYA Hakan , ÖZKOÇAK Yelda
Published: January 2023

2019 yılının son aylarında ortaya çıkan ve sonrasında COVID-19 olarak isimlendirilen virüs ile başlayan pandemi tüm dünyadaki normal yaşam koşullarını olumsuz etkiledi. Dünya Sağlık Örgütü’nün 11 Mart 2020 tarihi itibariyle yaşanan durumu pandemi ilan etmesiyle yüz yüze eğitim yapan tüm eğitim kurumları uzaktan eğitime geçmek zorunda kaldılar. Türkiye’de bu geçiş dönemi daha sonra Yüksek Öğretim Kurulu (YÖK) tarafından Acil Uzaktan Öğretim (AUÖ) olarak tanımlandı. Yükseköğretim kurumlarının çoğunun uzaktan eğitim faaliyetlerini etkin bir şekilde sürdürmek için gerekli hazırlığının olmadığı bir dönemde başlayan pandemi, tüm bu kurumların ivedi bir şekilde uzaktan eğitime uyum sağlamasını gerektirdi. Uzaktan eğitim veren programları olmayan üniversiteler için kısa zamanda aşılması gereken birçok sorun ile karşılaşıldı. Çalışmada öncelikle pandemi döneminde AUÖ kapsamında eğitim veren bir vakıf üniversitesinde, diğer öğrencilere göre süreçten daha olumsuz etkilenme potansiyelleri bulunan engelli öğrencilerin uzaktan eğitim sistemlerine ulaşmada ve kullanmada hangi sorunları yaşadıkları ve bunlara ilgili birimlerce getirilen çözüm önerileri listelenmiştir. Esas amaç doğrultusunda ise engelli öğrencilerin akademik başarılarının AUÖ’den nasıl etkilendiği analiz edilmiştir ve sonuçlar ile öneriler de paylaşılmıştır. Bu analizler için, bir vakıf üniversitesindeki tüm engelli öğrencilerin AUÖ öncesi ve sonrasındaki akademik başarı verileri öğrenci bilgi sisteminden alınarak karşılaştırılmış ve aralarında anlamlı bir fark olup olmadığı değerlendirilmiştir. Çalışma, ilgili vakıf üniversitesinin uzaktan eğitim merkezi müdürlüğü ve engelli birimi çalışanları tarafından gerçekleştirilmiştir.
Öğrenme ortamı olarak YouTube’un kullanılmasına ilişkin öğrenci görüşleri
Authors: ARUĞASLAN Emine , ÇİVRİL Hanife
Published: January 2023

Çevrim içi video paylaşım ve sosyal medya platformu olan YouTube ile çeşitli eğlence videolarının yanı sıra eğitim videolarını da barındırması nedeniyle resmî olmayan bir öğrenme ortamı olarak düşünülebilir. Bu çalışmada, uzaktan eğitim programına kayıtlı öğrencilerin YouTube’un bir öğrenme ortamı olarak kullanılmasına ilişkin görüşlerinin belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Çalışmada nitel araştırma desenlerinden olgubilim modeli kullanılmıştır. Çalışmada veri toplama aracı olarak çevrim içi soru formu kullanılmıştır. Çalışmaya toplam 117 öğrenci katılım göstermiştir. Toplanan verilerin analizinde betimsel analiz yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Analiz sonucunda, öğrenciler YouTube’da hem teorik hem de pratik açıdan bilgi ve beceriler elde ettiklerini, gündelik hayatta karşılaştıkları problemlere ilişkin çözümler bulabildiklerini ifade etmişlerdir. Öğrencilerin YouTube hakkındaki olumsuz deneyimleri ise; izlenen videoların görüntü kalitesinin düşüklüğü, video izleme esnasında çıkan reklamlar, içerik üreticisinin konuyu anlatırken bağlamdan uzaklaşması, konu anlatımlarında video sürelerinin uzun tutulması gibi konular şeklinde olmuştur. Çalışmanın sonuçları incelendiğinde öğrencilerin genel anlamda YouTube’da edindikleri deneyimlerden memnun kaldıkları söylenebilir.
Örgün öğretimden açık liseye geçiş nedenleri: Bir durum çalışması
Authors: CAN Ertuğ , SAKALLI Alper
Published: January 2023

Bu araştırmanın amacı, veli ve öğrenci görüşlerine göre örgün öğretimde öğrenim gören ortaöğretim öğrencilerinin açık liseye geçiş nedenlerini incelemektir. Araştırma nitel araştırma desenlerinden durum çalışması modelinde tasarlanmıştır. Araştırmanın çalışma grubu, Kırklareli ili merkez ilçede açık liseye geçiş yapan 10 öğrenci ile 10 farklı öğrencinin velisinden oluşmaktadır. Araştırmanın verileri yarı yapılandırılmış görüşme formu ile yüz yüze görüşmeler yapılarak toplanmıştır. Verilerin analizinde betimsel analiz ve içerik analizi teknikleri kullanılmıştır. Araştırma sonuçlarına göre, örgün öğretimden açık liseye geçişteki önemli etkenlerden biri merkezî üniversite sınavıdır. Öğrenciler, özellikle lisenin son yılında sınava daha iyi hazırlanabilmek için açık liseye geçiş yapmaktadır. Buna gerekçe olarak, açık lisenin avantajlı, okulun verimsiz, zaman kaybı ve yorgunluk sebebi olduğunu göstermektedirler. Veliler öğrencilerin açık liseye geçmesini genel olarak desteklemekte ve öğrenciyi açık liseye yönlendirmeyi olumlu bulmaktadır. Araştırmanın sonuçlarına göre, örgün öğretim kurumlarında yürütülen eğitim öğretim faaliyetleri ile merkezî sınavlar arasında bir denge kurulması önerilebilir. Ayrıca örgün öğretimden açık öğretim sistemine geçişe neden olan faktörler göz önünde bulundurularak lise son sınıf öğretim programı yeniden düzenlenmelidir.
La comunicación de ciencia en videojuegos: estudio de caso del juego como recurso para la divulgación científica
Authors: Gutiérrez Manjón Sergio
Published: January 2023

La forma en que consumimos contenidos ha evolucionado al igual que las estrategias que desde el ámbito científico se adoptan para divulgar sus últimos avances. Desde los organismos internacionales se promueve un concepto más abierto e innovador de ciencia en el que se buscan nuevas formas por las que difundir el conocimiento científico. Entre estos medios sobresale el videojuego por sus componentes lúdico y narrativo que permiten al jugador experimentar la ciencia en primera persona. Dentro de este medio de comunicación existen diferentes formas de presentar hallazgos científicos, ya sea de forma pedagógica mediante los serious games o a través del puro entretenimiento con los videojuegos comerciales. En ambos formatos al interactuar con la experiencia lúdica se produce un mayor grado de empatía y compromiso con el conocimiento que se transmite, lo que convierte al videojuego en un recurso idóneo para la divulgación científica.
Los biopics de científicos: un acercamiento desde el cine a la historia de la ciencia
Authors: Estrada Lorenzo José Manuel
Published: January 2023

El cine y la televisión son aliados indiscutibles para la divulgación la ciencia, y los biopics, al recrear las vidas de científicos ejemplares y mostrar el proceso de las investigaciones, permiten aprender sobre el funcionamiento de la Ciencia. En este artículo se describe la evolución del biopic dedicado a los científicos, desde los primeros films de la década de 1930, con un recorrido lineal y una presentación del científico como un héroe, hasta films más recientes, donde se atienden a otros aspectos sociales y psicológicos. También se recogen diferentes características que definen el perfil del investigador, casi siempre positivos, y se muestran las diferentes fases del proceso de investigación, desde la observación a la presentación de resultados.
Orígenes del documental surrealista de naturaleza en el cine divulgativo de Jean Painlevé
Authors: Cruz Carvajal Isleny , Martínez Armas Ignacio
Published: January 2023

La obra divulgativa sobre biología de Jean Painlevé (1902-1989), cineasta y científico relacionado con el surrealismo, cuenta con decenas de películas y escritos. La historiografía del cine ha abordado este corpus desde la unicidad y la vanguardia de sus propuestas. Este artículo propone una definición conceptual del estilo de Painlevé, dentro del concepto de documental de naturaleza, llamándolo “documental surrealista de naturaleza”, tendencia que no se dio como un hecho aislado, sino como un movimiento de científicos cineastas, producido entre 1915 y 1940. Definir el documental surrealista de naturaleza es una forma de dar nombre a una corriente que, en la época de las vanguardias, encontró la belleza en la biología y adoptó técnicas cinematográficas rigurosas para compaginar la abstracción con la divulgación científica, como lo demuestra una aproximación analítica al trabajo más didáctico de Painlevé.
Evolución del género documental para la divulgación científica. Estudio del webdoc Párkinson, que tiemble el camino
Authors: Gómez-Aguilar Antonio
Published: January 2023

La evolución del documental y su fusión con los medios interactivos online han favorecido la consolidación de nuevos formatos de comunicación como el webdoc que favorecen una comunicación más adecuada a las audiencias actuales. El artículo realiza un estudio de caso como ejemplo paradigmático aplicado a la divulgación de la ciencia.
THE EFFECT OF 6-WEEKS WHOLE BODY VIBRATION ON MUSCULAR PERFORMANCE ON YOUNG NON-COMPETITIVE FEMALE ARTISTIC GYMNASTS
Authors: Dallas George , Savvathi Alkmini , Dallas Konstantinos , Maridaki Maria
Published: January 2023

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of a 6-week whole body vibration-intervention on muscle performance and flexibility on gymnasts. Twenty-two young non-competitive-moderate trained gymnasts that volunteered to participate in the study separated into either the vibration group or the no vibration group according to their training regime. The vibration intervention consisted of a 6-week whole-body vibration, 3 times per week and involved eccentric and concentric squatting movements on a vibration platform with the participants performing three exercises on the vibration device whereas for the no vibration group vibration platform was turned off. Five performance tests (20m running speed, sit & reach test, squat jump, counter movement jump and single leg squat (right leg and left leg) were performed at the beginning of the intervention, and after the end of 6-week intervention program. According to the results significant interaction effect between group and time was found for the running speed and Squat Jump test. On the contrary, significant main effect were found were found for time on the running speed, Squat Jump, Counter movement jump and single leg squat. Conclusively, it has been reported that Whole body vibration is an effective method to improve Squat Jump performance in young non-competitive female artistic gymnasts.
IMPACT OF GYMNASTICS TRAINING ON THE HEALTH-RELATED PHYSICAL FITNESS OF YOUNG FEMALE AND MALE ARTISTIC GYMNASTS
Authors: Kiuchukov Iliya , Yanev Iliya , Petrov Lubomir , Kolimechkov Stefan , Alexandrova Albena , Zaykova Dilyana , Stoimenov Emil
Published: January 2023

Artistic gymnastics can be practised from an early age and develops the main components of physical fitness. The aim of this study was to assess the physical fitness of young competitive artistic gymnasts from Bulgaria. A total of 161 gymnasts (81 females and 80 males), who were divided into three groups (from 5-8, 9-11, and 12-15 years of age), with sports experience from 12 to 180 months, took part in this study. All of the participants completed the extended version of the Alpha-Fit physical fitness test battery, with European norms being applied to calculate percentile scores for each fitness test. The height-for-age percentile scores in the groups between the ages of 9-11 and 12-15 were significantly lower from the 50th percentile of the international norms, both for male and female gymnasts. Gymnasts showed substantially lower body fat, and only one gymnast was assessed as overweight, with two being classified as obese. The percentile scores of the standing long jump and the 4x10 m SRT in the groups were significantly greater than the 50th percentile of the available European norms. The percentile scores of the VO2max in all female groups were also higher than the 50th percentile of the European norms, while those for males did not differ from the 50th percentile, except in the 5-8 age range. Artistic gymnastics improves the physical fitness components and positively influences children’s physical development. Both female and male artistic gymnasts had better physical fitness in most parameters, in comparison with their peers.
COMPARISON OF BOUNCE CHARACTERISTICS ON THREE TYPES OF TRAMPOLINES
Authors: Sands William A. , Varmette Madison K. , Bogdanis Gregory C. , Donti Olyvia , Murphy Bryce V. , Taylor Troy J.
Published: January 2023

Trampoline use has skyrocketed in recent years in a variety of recreational contexts and among athletes in sports ranging from gymnastics and diving to skiing and snowboarding. The purpose of this study was to examine the bounce characteristics elicited by athletes bouncing on three types of trampolines. Tumbl Trak, Standard, and Super Tramp trampolines were assessed by 10 experienced trampoline and acrobatic athletes (5 males, 5 females). A triaxial accelerometer (250 Hz) characterized the 10 highest controlled bounces on each trampoline and each athlete. Repeated measures ANOVAs showed statistical differences in bounce characteristics: time from bounce start to peak acceleration (p<.001, ƞ2 =0.82), time from peak acceleration to bounce end (p=.030, ƞ2 =0.40), and total bounce time (p<0.001, ƞ2 =0.78, jump height (p<.001, ƞ2 =0.95) peak acceleration (p=.015, ƞ2 =0.37), and flight time (p<.001, ƞ2 =0.97).  Average acceleration, force, and allometrically scaled average force were not statistically different (p˃.140, ƞ2=0.20). The stiffest trampoline with the least time values, peak accelerations, and jump heights was the Tumbl Trak, followed by the Standard trampoline, and Super Tramp, respectively. This information may help practitioners and others to understand the bounce behaviors of athletes on these types of trampolines.
PERSONALITY OF GYMNASTS AND COPING STRATEGIES TO MANAGE STRESS
Authors: Kaplánová Adriana
Published: January 2023

The reason why some gymnasts give an excellent performance and others are barely able to give average performance in competition may be embedded in the sphere of personality structure. Stress is the body's response to the imbalance between the demands of the external environment and the body's ability to meet those requirements. Therefore, the aim of our study is to investigate the relationship between personality structure of gymnasts and coping strategies to manage stress. The study sample consisted of 56 elite Slovak gymnasts (16 men and 40 women) aged from 15 to 26, with an average age of 19.34 ± 3.15 years. The personality structure of gymnasts was investigated by the NEO-FFI inventory (Ruisel & Halama, 2007). Coping strategies to manage stress were investigated by the Athletic Coping Skills Inventory ACSI-28 (Smith et al., 1995). The correlational research design was used. The results of our study showed that 6 of the 7 subscales of coping strategies to manage stress are in relation to personality structure of the gymnasts, namely emotional lability/stability, extroversion/introversion and openness to experience. We also found that none of subscales of coping strategies to manage stress is in relationship to an agreeableness and conscientiousness of gymnasts. A better understanding of the personality traits and coping strategies to manage stress may help coaches and sports psychologists to develop effective interventions and assist gymnasts to attain optimal performances in competition.
Jewish Burial of Late Antiquity
Authors: Brunnlerhman Joshua
Published: January 2023

What did Jewish burial in late Antiquity look like? In the Middle Ages, burial in plots of ground in cemeteries grew to become the prevalent method of burial and the method that is still dominant to this day. Yet, as we know from tradition, burial does not require the existence of cemeteries; afterall our ancestors in Tanach & Talmud were buried in caves and underground tombs. So what did Jewish burial look like in Late Antiquity, specifically between the Biblical and Temple times and the Medieval Era? The development of Jewish burial practices spanned the entire Jewish diaspora and it took centuries to take shape, but by looking at the archeological findings of late antique burials we can come to understand what it meant to have a Jewish burial in late antiquity.
Attractor States in Second Language Development
Authors: Beccia Ashley
Published: January 2023

Identifying changing patterns of stability and variability is crucial when examining second language development (SLD) from a complex dynamic systems theory (CDST) perspective (Larsen-Freeman, 2020). By studying attractor states, or recurrent patterns of stability, light can be shed on the underlying dynamics of a complex dynamic system (van Geert & Verspoor, 2015). In the context of SLD, attractor states can be observed in individuals’ linguistic behaviors, as well as learners’ interactions with others (Hiver, 2014; van Geert & Verspoor, 2015). As such, attractor states have been cited in recent SLD literature (e.g., Amerstorfer, 2020; Evans & Larsen-Freeman, 2020; Syed et al., 2021; Gillies & Roger, 2022). The conceptual unpacking of attractor states can therefore be invaluable for SLD scholars seeking to enter the realm of CDST. Accordingly, serving as a stepping stone for those looking to foray into the CDST paradigm, this forum piece offers a definition of attractor state, identifies and describes different types of attractor states, clarifies some possible misconceptions about attractor states, and provides a few examples of attractor states in SLD.
Comparison of Human gut Microbiota with other Animals
Authors: Subramanian Sanjana , Thiruvengadamani Haripriya , Sathiavelu Mythili
Published: January 2023

The gastrointestinal tract of humans has trillions of bacteria, which are of vital importance to the proper functioning of the body. They are not only essential for the digestion and absorption of nutrients, but even play a part in the immune system and metabolism of humans. For instance, it has been observed that the microbiome of healthy individuals is significantly different from those of diseased individuals. Across all species, the commonly occurring bacterial phyla in the GI tract are Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes and Proteobacteria. However, the proportion of these phyla have great diversity across species. In this review, we examine the similarities and differences between human gut microbiota with those of other animals and also the reasons for gut microbiota diversity, observing factors such as age, diet, and disease. By analyzing and observing such variations, effective treatments for GI diseases can be developed, common evolutionary history between species can be ascertained and developing healthy gut microbial environments may be possible.
Effect of Ficus lacor Buch. Ham. Fruit Extract on Dexamethasone Induced Insulin Resistant Rats
Authors: Mule V. S. , Naikwade N. S.
Published: January 2023

Fruits of plant Ficus lacor Buch. Ham. were evaluated for its antidiabetic efficacy in dexamethasone induced insulin resistant rats. Extraction of fruits was done by soxhlation method to get fruit extract. Acute toxicity study of fruit extract was performed as per OECD 425 guidelines using wistar rats. Rats weighing between 200 to 250 g were selected for experimental work and divided randomly in to five groups normal control, diabetic Control, standard control (metformin, 2mg/kg), fruit extract (200mg/kg), fruit extract (400mg/kg) with five animals in each group. Dexamethasone (10mg/kg s.c) was used to induce insulin resistance in wistar rats weighing between 200 to 250g for 11 days. Animals in treatment group were treated with metformin (40mg/kg), fruit extract (200 and 400mg/kg) for 11 days daily. At the end of 11 days study, different parameters like body weight, food intake, water intake, glucose, cholesterol, triglyceride, HDL, LDL, VLDL, urea, uric acid, creatinine, aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine transaminase (ALT) were determined. Liver and muscle was isolated for estimation of glycogen level. The result indicates significant (P ˂ 0.05) improvement in different biochemical parameters when compared with diabetic control group. The liver glycogen level was increased significantly (P ˂ 0.001) when compared with diabetic control group. The antidiabetic effect of fruit extract of plant Ficus Lacor Buch. Ham. was found to be dose dependent.
Formulation Characterization Optimization of Duloxetine loaded Ethosome Patch for Transdermal Application
Authors: Kumar A. Eswar , Patra Ch. Niranjan
Published: January 2023

The present investigation deals with the development of duloxetine ethosome then loading into transdermal patch to impart lower drug side effect, enhanced bioavailability, avoid first pass metabolismt.32 factorial design was applied to optimize the formulation. Materials and Methods, Ethanol (X1) and Phospholipid (X2) were taken as independent variable, Responses are vesicle size (Y2), entrapment efficiency (Y1). Optimum desirability was identified and, an optimized formulation was prepared, characterized and loaded into transdermal films. Ex-vivo permeation study for the prepared films was conducted and, the permeation parameters and drug permeation mechanism were identified. Results The percent of alcohol was significantly affecting all the studied responses while the other factors and their interaction effects were varied on their effects on each response. The optimized ethosomes formulation showed observed values for Y2, Y1 a of 161nm and 98.79% respectively. Ex-vivo permeation of films loaded with optimized ethosomal formulation was superior to that of the corresponding pure drug transdermal films.
Radioopaque gall bladder stone detected on plain abdominal radiograph in an adult diabetic patient
Authors:   Post Graduate Resident, Department of Internal Medicine, Max Super Specialty Hospital, Vaishali, Ghaziabad, UP, India., Puri Saurabh
Published: January 2023

A 41-year-old female presented to emergency with complaints of recurrent vomiting, pain abdomen since last 24 hours. She is known case of diabetes, non-compliant to her medication. On examination, she was confused, GCS 11/15, and vitals were pulse rate 102/min, blood pressure 130/70 mmHg, respiratory rate 26/min, and random blood sugar 439 mg/dl. Arterial blood gas revealed pH 7.389, and urine routine revealed glucose 2 plus, ketone 1 plus. She was managed with intravenous fluids, insulin infusion, and other supportive measures. HbA1c was 12.4. X ray abdomen erect and supine were done which revealed two well defined oval radioopacities largest measuring 1.6 x 1.3 cm is noted in anticipated region of gall bladder fossa? calculi. USG whole abdomen confirmed cholelithiasis.
Association of aspirin therapy with prognosis in patients with non obstructive coronary artery disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors:   Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, 83 Gaotanyan Road, Shapingba District, Chongqing 400038, China., Jin Jun
Published: January 2023

Background: The effect of aspirin therapy in patients with nonobstructive Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) remains controversial. This study aimed to investigate the association between aspirin therapy and prognosis in nonobstructive CAD. Methods: We searched for observational cohort studies on Pubmed, Embase, the Cochrane Library and Web of Science. Studies were included that compared the endpoint differences in patients with nonobstructive CAD who were treated with aspirin or not. The primary endpoint was a composite of Major Adverse Cardiovascular Events (MACEs). Secondary endpoints included all-cause death, cardiovascular death and Myocardial Infarction (MI). The pooled effect size was estimated as Hazard Ratio (HR) with 95% Confidence Interval (CI), which was measured by a random effect model using the generic inverse variance method. Results: Thirteen published studies with 34,463 patients were included Pooled data showed that aspirin therapy was not associated with the risk of MACEs (HR 1.10; 95% CI 0.85–1.41; P=0.47, I2=57%). Similar results were observed in cardiovascular death (HR 1.12; 95% CI 0.73–1.73; P=0.60, I2=0%) and MI (HR 0.53; 95% CI 0.09–3.20; P=0.49, I2=68%), except all-cause death (HR 0.77; 95% CI 0.63–0.95; P=0.02, I2=25%). Subgroup analyses showed that there were no associations between aspirin therapy and MACEs in all subsets. Conclusions: Routine aspirin therapy might not be associated with a decreased risk of cardiovascular events in patients with nonobstructive CAD. Aspirin therapy in non-obstructive CAD should be better investigated and future research is needed. A personalized antiplatelet regimen may contribute to reduction in ischemic cardiovascular events for these patients.
Overview on the updates in vesicular molar pregnancy
Authors:   General Practice - Medical Affairs Supervisor at Hospital Affairs Directorate In Aljouf Health, Northern Saudi Arabia., Almansour Sultan Ahmed Naif
Published: January 2023

Gestational trophoblastic disease (GTD) is one of the rare human tumors that originates in placental tissue and can be cured even with extensive metastases. GTDs include a variety of interrelated tumors, including full and partial moles, invasive moles, choriocarcinomas, and placental trophoblast tumors, which have different tendencies to infiltrate and spread locally.
Bilateral superficial optic disc drusen: A case report and literature review
Authors:   Department of Ophthalmology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, No. 1838 Guangzhou Avenue North, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, China, Xiong Ke
Published: January 2023

We herein report a relatively rare case of bilateral superficial optic disc drusen in 50-year-old woman who complained of binocular visual field defects. She did not have any loss of vision, photophobia, tears, ophthalmodynia, headache, or other symptoms of discomfort.
The effectiveness of game-based education on dental and oral health behavior: Systematic review
Authors:   Dental Public Health Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Hasanuddin University, Indonesia., Anwar Ayub Irmadani Anwar , Supiaty Supiaty ,   Periodontia Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Hasanuddin University, Indonesia., Hasyim Rafikah ,   Oral Biology Department Faculty of Dentistry, Hasanuddin University, Indonesia
Published: January 2023

Preliminary: The skill of brushing teeth has a significant role in preventing dental caries. To improve teeth brushing skills. Health education is needed for children from an early age. Educational media determine the effectiveness of childrens learning. So there needs to be treated using android-based educational game media to attract students attention to learning.
Effects of the COVID-19 pandemic in referrals of patients with cardiovascular, diabetes mellitus, neurological and neurosurgical diseases to hospital
Authors:   School of Medicine, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran., Fanoodi Ali , Khojasteh-Kaffash Soroush ,   School of Medicine, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran., Sodeifian Fatemeh ,   Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran., Khazaeipour Zahra ,   Brain and Spinal Cord Injury Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Published: January 2023

Background : A novel virus from the coronavirus family, known as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), was identified in December 2019 in China. In addition to morbidity and mortality, the virus had many indirect effects on the referral and treatment of other diseases, including diabetes, cardiovascular, and neurological diseases. This study aimed to investigate the referrals trend and admissions of patients to medical centers; comparing the referrals trend with the same period in the previous year.
Efficacy of platelet rich fibrin (PRF) in bone regeneration of dentigerous cystic lesion: A case report
Authors:   Conservative Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Sanaa University Yemen., Alkholani Abdulwahab Ismail
Published: January 2023

The purpose of this case report is to illustrate clinically and radiographically the effectiveness of advanced Platelet-Rich Fibrin (PRF) inserted into the bone defect resulting from a periapical cyst enucleation. Periapical or radicular cysts are the most common inflammatory cysts of the jaw.
Application of the method of frequency-resonance analysis of implants installed after autogenous bone transplantation
Authors:   Professor, Head of Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Yerevan State Medical University after M. Heratsi, Armenia., Hakobyan Gagik , Yessayan Lazar ,   Professor, Head of Department of Therapeutic Dentistry, Yerevan State Medical University after M. Heratsi, Armenia., Khachatrayn Gagik ,   Head of the Department of Dental Professional and Continuing Education, Yerevan State Medical University after M. Heratsi, Armenia.
Published: January 2023

Background: Purpose of study determine the timing of prosthtic rehabilitation of patients after autograft and dental implantation of the jaw bone using resonance-frequency method (RFA).
Productos de ingeniería en madera en Chile 2022
Authors:   Instituto Forestal (Chile), Soto Aguirre Daniel , Mejías Caballero Wilson , Gysling Caselli Janina , Bañados Munita Juan Carlos
Published: January 2023

El presente documento entrega un panorama general de la situación de los productos de ingeniería en madera, junto con antecedentes detallados del mercado de MLE. Para ello, se obtuvo información de estudios y encuestas llevadas a cabo por el Instituto Forestal en la materia.
How Does Social Media Marketing Efforts, Electronic Word of Mouth and Consumer Brand Identification Leads Consumer to Pay a Premium Price
Authors:   National University of Modern Languages Rawalpindi (NUML), Pakistan, Mudussar A , Khan J ,   National University of Modern Languages Rawalpindi (NUML), Pakistan, Agmal R ,   National University of Modern Languages Rawalpindi (NUML), Pakistan
Published: January 2023

Abstract. The main drive of this research was to study the practices of marketing that include social media marketing, electronic word of mouth and consumer brand identification while exploring the influence on customer willingness to pay premium price within food industry by mainly focusing on coffee shops of the twin cities (Rawalpindi and Islamabad), Pakistan. The significance of this research is the identification of critical high performance marketing strategies for customer satisfaction within a Pakistani context by comparing a total of 10 local and international coffee shop outlets within Rawalpindi and Islamabad, Capital Territory. Data collection method was quantitative through detailed questionnaires for an overall sample size of 250 respondents. The critical business areas were, therefore, customized to incorporate data collection from customers to ascertain preference and satisfaction of local or international coffee shop outlets. Additionally, the marketing high performance data was also collected qualitatively through Electronic Word of Mouth (EWOM) from social media platforms of different coffee shops online pages, thus it was proved that social media marketing efforts have an indirect or moderate relationship with premium price products because social media marketing does not influence the consumer’s purchase decision and willingness to pay premium price, but it may only enhances the Customer-Brand Identification or help generating electronic word of mouth. whereas, the food industry in Pakistan also showed a positive relationship between the consumer brand identification and customer’s willingness to pay premium price because when consumers regularly purchases products from a brand they are likely to become brand loyal, and the factor that is most effective is e-WOM influencing brand image, Thus this study shows the positive relationship between the EWOM and customers’ willingness to pay premium price. In this study it becomes clear that customer’s purchase decision is positively affected by the EWOM & CBI. Whereas, Social Media Marketing efforts helps in creating awareness and in enhancing the EWOM and CBI, not directly influencing the customer to pay premium.
Impact of Corporate Governance on Cost of Capital: Moderating Role of Foreign Ownership
Authors:   Capital University of Science and Technology, Islamabad, Gul S , Saeed K ,   Capital University of Science and Technology, Islamabad
Published: January 2023

Abstract. The purpose of this study is to examine the impact of corporate governance mechanism with moderating role of foreign ownership on the cost of capital. The 108 listed nonfinancial firm’s annual data, ranging from 2011 to 2017, is extracted from annual reports. The ordinary least square method has been used with different techniques such as common, fixed, and random effect models but most variables were significant in the common effect model. The statistical findings of the study indicate that there is a significant relationship between corporate governance mechanisms and the cost of capital in non-financial firms of Pakistan. To some extent foreign ownership moderates, the relationship between the audit committee, board of directors’ managerial ownership, and cost of capital and leverage (debt to asset ratio) plays a controlling role among these variables. All non-financial firms should increase the environment of foreign ownership in their firms for the profit maximization and development of the economy.
Studies on insect-pests complex in mustard (Brassica juncea L.)
Authors: Yadav S.K. , Singh R.B. , Singh Ramveer , Singh Virendra , Trivedi Himanshu , Kumar Akshay
Published: January 2023

The present investigation was carried out at Students’ Instructional Farm of Acharya Narendra Deva University of Agriculture and Technology, Kumarganj, Ayodhya during Rabi, 2016. Among various Brassica oilseed crop mustard is an important Rabi oilseed crop, attacked by mustard aphid (Lipaphis erysimi), mustard sawfly (Athalia lugens proxima), painted bug (Bagrada hilaris) and cabbage butterfly (Pieris brassicae) insectpests at different part of plant at different growth stages. The result of present studies revealed that the populations of mustard sawfly appeared at an early stage of crop growth 45th SW of 2016 which continued up to 1st SW of 2017 with varying population ranging from 0.33 grubs/plant to 3.33 grubs/plant. The maximum population of mustard sawfly was recorded as 3.33 grubs/plant in 48th SW of 2016. The 1st occurrence of mustard aphid was recorded during 49th SW of 2016 which continued up to 10th SW of 2017 with varying population ranging from 0.41 to 212.67 aphids/10 cm central twig/plant. The peak period of occurrence of mustard aphid was observed in 7th SW of 2017, the maximum population of this insect was recorded as 212.67 aphids/10 cm central twig/plant. The population of painted bug initiated during 2nd SW of 2017 and remained up to 9th SW of 2017. The bug population ranged from 0.33 to 2.67 bugs/plant. The maximum population of bug was recorded as 2.67 bugs/plant in 5th SW of 2017. The other insect-pests (grass hopper, green bug cabbage butterfly, etc.) made its first appearance during 46th SW of 2016 and continued up to 11th SW of 2017 with population varying from 0.33 to 4.00 insects/plant.
The policy responses of the League of Nations Health Organization (LNHO) and the World Health Organization (WHO) to pandemic and major epidemic crises since 1921
Authors: Tzagkarakis Stylianos Ioannis , Douki Stamatina , Sidiropoulos Symeon
Published: January 2023

International cooperation in dealing with epidemics and pandemics was developed significantly during the 20th century. In 1921, following the Spanish influenza pandemic, the League of Nations Health Organization (LNHO) was created, a precursor to the World Health Organization (WHO) which was subsequently established in 1948. The purpose of these international efforts was to coordinate actions in order to improve citizens’ health as well as to prevent and constrain the transmission of dangerous diseases. Their contribution has been particularly important in preventing and protecting against pandemic crises through specific interventions-regulations which set limits and rules. This paper focuses on the contribution of the World Health Organization (WHO) and the League of Nations Health Organization (LNHO) in preventing and responding to major epidemic and pandemic crises over the last hundred years. A focus will be placed on the management of pandemic crises or risks, specifically HIV, cholera (in Yugoslavia in the 1970s), SARS-CoV, H1N1, Ebola, Zika and SARS-CoV2. The purpose of this paper is to highlight the contribution of the WHO and the LNHO in responding to pandemics and dangerous epidemics, by focusing on the political-organizational framework they adopted in terms of international health cooperation and of individual responses-policy measures.
Max Velmans Interview: On Understanding Consciousness, Reflexive Monism, and the Future of Consciousness Studies
Authors: Joaquin Jeremiah Joven
Published: January 2023

Max Velmans, Emeritus Professor of Psychology at Goldsmiths, University of London, is one of the leading theorists of consciousness studies — an interdisciplinary field of study that deals with questions about the nature of consciousness and how it relates to the physical world.
In this interview, we look back at his life and work; in particular, his idea of reflexive monism, which is one of his landmark contributions to the field.