bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Private Arbeitslosenversicherungen – Risikoprämien statt Zwangsbeiträge
Authors: Glismann Hans H. , Schrader Klaus
Published: May 2016

The German system of unemployment insurance has failed to prevent the rise of unemployment over the past decades. The authors suggest replacing the existing federal unemployment insurance by a dual-system model of private unemployment insurance that includes incentives on the side of employees as well as of employers to reduce unemployment. They calculate the statistic fundamentals of a dual system of private unemployment insurance, using data of the year 2000. It is shown how much the individual employee would have to invest for a variety of unemployment payments and for a variety of individual “real” risks. In addition, it is demonstrated that each individual can reduce his insurance premium by simply declaring a higher degree of regional, professional, or income-related mobility. On the employers’ side it is elaborated that, via autoregressive processes, employment increases, and that at the same time each employer reduces the rate of his firm’s unemployment tax.
Sozialhilfe reformieren – Arbeitsanreize stärken
Authors: Kohns Stephan , Weidmann Jens
Published: May 2016

Any policy measure aimed at reducing high unemployment in Germany needs to tackle the substantive disincentive effects that unemployment assistance and social assistance have on labor supply. The article elaborates on a reform proposal presented by the German Council of Economis Experts in ist Annual Report 2002/2003. Abolishing unemployment assistance would allow for a reform of social assistance that considerably increases the incentive to search for work by lowering the reservation wage as well as the marginal effective tax rate on income earned on the labor market.
Wettbewerbskonzepte Für Die Deutsche Wasserwirtschaft Auf Dem Prüfstand
Authors: Oelmann Mark
Published: May 2016

From an economist viewpoint the question no longer is whether or not more competition should be introduced in the German water and sewerage sector. The issue rather is what kind of competition ought to be implemented. There are mainly three different approaches: Competition in the Market, Competition for the Market and the introduction of a system of comparative efficiency. None of these approaches seem to solely fit for the fragmented structure of the German market. Therefore it is suggested to choose different regulatory approaches depending on the size of the company. Whereas incentives should be created for smaller companies to merge the big ones should already start with a system of comparative efficiency. In the longer run the merged companies also ought to integrate into this regulatory system.
Vorschläge zur Steuerreform in Deutschland: Was bedeuten sie? Was “kosten” sie?
Authors: Boss Alfred , Elendner Thomas
Published: May 2016

Tax reform in Germany is proposed by political parties as well as by specific research groups. The gross wage income distributions for different groups of taxpayers are used to find out the consequences of introducing alternative rules of taxation for the wage income tax revenues. The results are supplemented to gain an impression of the overall consequences of a tax reform for the public sector′s budget. It turns out that fundamental tax reform is possible without reducing overall tax revenues if all the tax expenditures are abolished.
Arbeitszeitflexibilisierung: Welche Modelle entlasten den Arbeitsmarkt?
Authors: Kleinhenz Gerhard , Franz Wolfgang , Gerlach Knut
Published: May 2016

Gerhard Kleinhenz gives an overview on the substantial progress in increasing the flexibility of work in Germany over the last 30 years. He strikes a positive balance: The situation has improved a lot. Never-the-less, reality is still far away from the vision of flexibility Economists have. He promotes increased awareness of its advantages: Relieving the labor market and to mobilise additional employees, which will become important because of demographic transition.

Wolfgang Franz calls his article “winds of change - from shorter to longer work hours in Germany. He points out that there is a long lasting debate whether shortening of work hours has positive employment effects. It can be convincingly argued, however, that Germany′s work-sharing experiment failed. But now the dispute has taken quite the opposite direction. Will a longer work week create more jobs? More unpaid working hours will almost certainly increase labor demand but a considerable fraction of this additional labor input will be met by the employers now working longer. Besides this, the current movement towards longer work hours in order to secure jobs call for more flexibility of some institutional regulations dictated by jurisdiction, namely the principle of favourable solutions in the context of industry level bargaining.

Knut Gerlach argues that under flexible working time contracts, specifically working time accounts as the most wide-spread and innovative type, workers, works councils and management agree to intertemporal time transfers usually with respect to a period of 12 months. In many firms this agreement is accompanied by guaranteeing implicitly or explicitly a temporary employment stability. He shows that such contracts achieve a greater short-term labor market flexibility and by lowering production costs as well as enhancing the efficiency of work organization they might increase employment in specific circumstances. The draw back, however, is that the stability of employment in conjunction with fixed wages (efficient contracts) might lead to long-term wage hikes and negative employment effects. To garner the employment enhancing impact of working time accounts they have to be supplemented by more flexibility of collective wage contracts, specifically by additional competition between different wage setting regimes.
Das Gemeindesteuersystem erneut auf dem Prüfstand. Ökonomische Bewertung der Erfolgsaussichten einer modifizierten Variante des Reformmodells der Stiftung Marktwirtschaft
Authors: Döring Thomas
Published: May 2016

In Germany, the current situation of local government finance is still worrying. Up to now, all political attempts to reform the German local tax system fundamentally led to no satisfying result. For this reason, new reform initiatives gain particular attention in scientific and political discussion. Against this background, the paper examines the proposal for reform of the existing local tax system presented by Stiftung Marktwirtschaft. By highlighting public finance characteristics of economically reasonable local government finances as well as public choice characteristics of a politically successful reform, it will be shown that within some small but important modifications the proposal of Stiftung Marktwirtschaft is in a position to solve local government finance problems in a durable manner. This result is consecuted by an empirical simulation of the fiscal effects for all German local authorities. The fiscal simulation demonstrates that more then ninety percent of German cities and municipalities will gain from a political implementation of the proposal for reform.
Arbeitsamt war gestern
Authors: Schütz Holger , Oschmiansky Frank
Published: May 2016

Der Artikel stellt Zwischenergebnisse zur Evaluation der Reformgesetze ,Moderne Dienstleistungen am Arbeitsmarkt‘ (Hartz I-III) vor. Diskutiert werden die Umgestaltung des Arbeitsamtes zum „Kundenzentrum“ sowie ausgewählte Reformen von Instrumenten zur Bewerberaktivierung (frühzeitige Arbeitslosmeldung, neue Zumutbarkeit, Neuregelungen Sperrzeitenrecht). Die Zwischenbilanz zur bisherigen Umsetzung dieser Reformen der Arbeitsvermittlung lautet: Die Auswirkungen der neu justierten Aktivierungsinstrumente sind quantitativ und qualitativ ziemlich unbedeutend. Demgegenüber hat das „neue Kundenzentrum“ ein großes Potential, zu einer effektiveren Arbeitsweise beizutragen und die Qualität der Dienstleistungen für Arbeitnehmer und Arbeitgeber zu erhöhen. Kritisch bleibt, dass die neue Fördersystematik („Handlungsprogramme“) tendenziell zum Ausschluss der Förderung von „Betreuungskunden“ führt, also der Personengruppe mit den größten Problemen am Arbeitsmarkt. Zudem sind die Dienstleistungen für Arbeitgeber noch nicht optimal auf die Betriebsbedarfe eingestellt.
Modernisation and the Dynamics of Welfare Governance
Authors: Newman Janet
Published: May 2016

The modernisation of welfare states is high on the agenda of many European nations. The so-called ‘anglo-saxon’ model plays an important, but contradictory, symbolic role, as both a template for reform and as a symbol of the problems of neo-liberal governance. Rather than viewing the UK as an exemplar of neo liberalism, this paper highlights the unstable mix of governance styles at stake in welfare reform. It highlights current trends in the attempt to remake relationships between government and people around new conceptions of citizenship and community and the fostering of new aspirations and opportunities. It then explores the implications for issues of governance around the themes of welfare, work and citizenship. Finally the paper identifies some problems inherent in new discourses of the social - including social inclusion and social investment - that are at the core of welfare state modernisation strategies in the UK and beyond.
Selbstverwaltungskorporatismus und neuer Sozialstaat
Authors: Schroeder Wolfgang
Published: May 2016

Der Selbstverwaltungskorporatismus ist ein Steuerungsmodus, der die spezifische Ausprägung des deutschen Sozialstaatsmodells charakterisiert. Diese seit Bismarck konstitutive gesellschaftliche Öffnung der deutschen Sozialversicherungen durch das Instrument der Selbstverwaltung ist in den letzten Jahren in vielfältiger Weise unter Veränderungsdruck geraten. Seit einigen Jahren werden Markt und Wettbewerb als direkte Steuerungsimpulse aufgewertet, während sozialpartnerschaftliche Arrangements und deren symbolische Dimension geringer bewertet werden. Die gesellschaftlichen Akteure müssen sich auf die neu aufgewerteten Steuerungsmodi in der Selbstverwaltungsarbeit einlassen, um weiterhin Möglichkeiten zu nutzen, nicht-marktliche, bedarfsorientierte und solidaritätsorientierte Steuerungsziele verfolgen zu können. Wie sich die Selbstverwaltung als Steuerungsinstanz entwickelt, hängt auch von den weiteren Weichenstellungen im politischen Raum ab. In diesem Beitrag wird die These vertreten, dass die semiprofessionelle, zuweilen politisch gefärbte Selbstverwaltungsarbeit der Vergangenheit an ihre Grenzen stößt und dass künftig eine auf wenige Akteure konzentrierte Politik wahrscheinlich ist, die tendenziell in Richtung Aufsichtsratsmodell gehen könnte.
Geldverwaltung und -Verteilung in Paarbeziehungen
Authors: Ludwig-Mayerhofer Wolfgang
Published: May 2016

Familien bzw. allgemeiner private, informelle Solidaritäts- und Austauschzusammenhänge sind neben Markt und Staat eine wesentliche Komponente in der Produktion und Verteilung von Ressourcen. Den Arrangements der Verwaltung und Verteilung finanzieller Ressourcen in Familien bzw. Paarbeziehungen hat die Forschung bislang jedoch wenig Beachtung geschenkt. Die Arbeit gibt zunächst eine knappe Ubersicht über den Forschungsstand in Soziologie und Ökonomie und skizziert theoretische Modelle zur Erklärung von Geldarrangements. Auf der Grundlage des ΑLL.- BUS/ISSP aus dem Jahr 2002 werden anschließend Hypothesen hinsichtlich der Wahl der Geldarrangements von Paaren getestet. Für die Zukunft wird es auch darauf ankommen, mehr Licht in die paarbezogenen Strukturen sozialer Sicherung bringen.
Der Kampf um die Vermögenssteuer
Authors: Nollmann Gerd , Bleeker-Dohmen Roelf
Published: May 2016

Die Vermögenssteuer galt lange als ein Garant einer hohen Steuergerechtigkeit. Trotzdem ist sie seit 1997 nicht mehr erhoben worden und scheint auch heute keine Chance auf eine Wiedereinführung haben. Im Rückblick scheinen dafür vor allem das Urteil des Bundesverfassungsgerichts und die später fehlende Mehrheit für eine Reform im Bundesrat verantwortlich zu sein. Gleichwohl basiert die fehlende politische Mehrheitsfähigkeit der Vermögenssteuer auf einer fischen 1994 und 2003 heftig umkämpften öffentlichen „Deutungspolitik”, die zum „Aus” der Vermögenssteuer mit beigetragen hat. Der Beitrag rekonstruiert deshalb mit einer Medieninhaltsanalyse der FAZ und der taz diese Debatten als Beispiel für die Art und Weise, wie Verteilungskämpfe in demokratischen Öffentlichkeiten geführt werden. Er legt dar, was genau den Deutungsaspekt dieser Politik zwischen 1994 und 2003 ausmacht und wie seine mögliche Auswirkung auf das letztendliche Scheitern der Vermögenssteuer herausgearbeitet werden kann. Dazu skizziert er zunächst die Hintergründe zur Vermögenssteuer bis %um Urteil des Bundesverfassungsgerichts 1995. Dann werden die Methodik der Medieninhaltsanalyse sowie die Ergebnisse der Inhaltsanalyse präsentiert. Im Ergebnis zeigt sich, dass die Vermögenssteuer ein ungeliebtes Kind war. In der Öffentlichkeit wurde zwar heftig über sie diskutiert, aber letztlich gab es keine echte Chance auf eine Wiedereinführung
Sozialpolitik als Instrument der Lebenslaufkonstitution - Argumente für eine Perspektivenveränderung
Authors: Dollinger Bernd
Published: May 2016

Der Beitrag thematisiert eine veränderte Konzeptualisierung von „Sozialpolitik”. In einem ersten Schritt wird die Perspektive aufgenommen, sozialpolitische Interventionsstrategien als Mittel der Konstitution von Lebenslaufmustern zu betrachten. In einem zweiten Schritt wird die hieraus abzuleitende (Problem-)Beziebung der Gewährleistung individueller und kollektiver Wohlfahrt diskutiert. Sie stellt bei der Analyse der aktuellen Sozialpolitik ein ebenso relevantes wie brisantes Themenfeld dar, wie der wachsende Einsatz von Negativsanktionierungen als sozialpolitisches Interventionsinstrumentarium verdeutlicht. Um dies angemessen reflektieren und empirisch rekonstruieren zu können, wird dafür plädiert, kriminalpolitisches Handeln in sozialpolitischer Funktionalität zu rezipieren. Durch eine entsprechend veränderte Sichtweise wird deutlich, dass (derzeit) die Sicherung und „investive“ Allokation gesellschaftlicher Ressourcen als dominierendes Leitbild sozialpolitischer Steuerung fungiert, während sozialer Ausschluss bereitwilliger als früher in Kauf genommen zu werden scheint. Diese Gesamtperspektive widerspricht zwar einer „tradierten“ Sicht auf Sozialpolitik, ermöglicht aber einen Blick auf das tatsächliche Spektrum lebenslaufkonstitutiver Maßnahmen der Sozialpolitik - ein Blick, der angesichts empirischer Befunde notwendig ist.
Jenseits von Leistung und Bedarf
Authors: Brettschneider Antonio
Published: May 2016

Im vorliegenden Beitrag werden auf der Basis einer zweidimensionalen Konzeption des Werteraums sozialer Gerechtigkeit einige zentrale Entwicklungstendenzen des sozialpolitischen Gerechtigkeitsdiskurses der letzten Jahre rekonstruiert und analysiert. Dabei zeigt sich, dass die politische Grundkontroverse zwischen „Sozialstaatlichkeit“ und „Marktfreiheit“, welche den Diskurs lange geprägt hat, im Zuge des Bedeutungszuwachses intergenerativer Gerechtigkeitsfragen und „neuer“ sozialer Risiken an Bedeutung und Beschreibungskraft verloren hat. Der zentrale sozialpolitische Konflikt der nächsten Jahre wird sich nicht unmittelbar um Verteilungsfragen, sondern vielmehr um die politisch zu definierenden Kriterien und Bedingungen individueller gesellschaftlicher Teilhabe drehen.
Professionalität durch Management? Neue Erscheinungsformen von Professionalität und ihre Auswirkungen auf professionelles Handeln
Authors: Evetts Julia
Published: May 2016

Die Zahl der beruflichen Tätigkeitsfelder, in denen das Selbstverständnis herrscht, eine ‚Profession’ zu sein, und in denen eine professionelle Arbeitsweise angestrebt wird, wächst beständig an. Die Ausbreitung professionaler Diskurse verblüfft, denn gleichzeitig kann beobachtet werden, dass Werte wie Vertrauen, Autonomie und Kompetenz - Kategorien, die die soziologische Professionsforschung bislang als untertrennbar mit den Konzepten ‚Profession’ und ,Professionalität’ betrachtet hat - zunehmend erodieren oder doch zumindest in Frage gestellt werden.

Julia Evetts erklärt dieses Paradoxon in dem folgenden Beitrag mit der Existenz unterschiedlicher Formen von Professionalität. Neben die tradierte Form des ‚occupational professionalism‘ ist in der modernen Gegenwartsgesellschaft der ‚organisational professionalism‘ getreten. Dieser wird vornehmlich von Managern verwendet. Er basiert nicht auf Vertrauen, Autonomie und Kompetenz, sondern versucht die Professionalität von Leistungen u. a. durch hierarchische Strukturen der Entscheidungsfindung Standardisierung und den Einsatz von Kontrollmechanismen und 'Rechenschaftspflichten zu gewährleisten.

Die gestiegene Bedeutung des Professionsdiskurses und vor allem seine Ausdifferenzierung in occupational and organisational professionalism bleiben nicht ohne Folgen für die Verwaltung und Erbringung sozialpolitischer Maßnahmen. Sie verändern beispielsweise die Arbeitsbedingungen im Bereich der sozialen Arbeit, wie die Beiträge von Langer (2007), Grohs (2007) und Beckmann u.a. (2007) im ZSK-Schwerpunktheft 3/2007 gezeigt haben. E.in weiteres aktuelles Beispiel sind die überbordenden Bürokratisierungstendenzen in Krankenhäusern, in denen sich immer mehr Verwaltungsaufgaben zwischen die Arztinnen und Arzte und ihre Patientinnen und Patienten schieben und dadurch die Ausübung der eigentlichen ärztlichen Aufgaben beinträchtigen.

Julia Evetts versucht in ihrem Beitrag eine erste Systematisierung der divergierenden Professionsdiskurse, verweist auf die Folgen neuer Professionskonzepte und benennt die Forschungsfragen, denen sich die Professionssoziologie zukünftig stellen muss.
Innovationsmotoren oder Danaergeschenke?
Authors: Freise Matthias
Published: May 2016

Öffentlich-Private Partnerschaften (ÖPP) haben in den vergangenen Jahren verstärkt auch Eingang in die Diskussion um die Neuausrichtung wohlfahrtsstaatlicher Governance gefunden. In der aktuellen Diskussion werden die Auswirkungen von ÖPP auf die demokratische Legitimität allerdings weitgehend ausgeklammert. Der Beitrag verdeutlicht, dass ÖPP innerhalb Pflichtiger Verwaltungsaufgaben vielfach nur eine Kreditaufnahme unter besonderen Rückgewährungsmodalitäten darstellen und kaum die ihnen zugeschriebenen Effizienzgewinne erzielen. Dagegen können ÖPP im Bereich freiwilliger öffentlicher Leistungen unter günstigen Rahmenbedingungen durchaus Innovations- und Effizienzpotentiale entfalten. Dies wird an einem Fallbeispiel illustriert.
Pancreas-protective effect of rituximab for acute-onset type 1 diabetes in the honeymoon period: a case report
Authors: Kurozumi Akira , Okada Yosuke , Arao Tadashi , Miyazaki Yusuke , Yoshikawa Maiko , Torimoto Keiichi , Kubo Satoshi , Nakayamada Shingo , Tanaka Yoshiya
Published: May 2016

A randomized controlled study of rituximab demonstrated that the drug protects pancreatic function in patients with acute-onset type 1 diabetes mellitus (AOT1DM). However, the mechanism of this protective effect is poorly understood. We examined the effects of rituximab in two patients with AOT1DM in the honeymoon period and the mechanism of these effects. Case 1 was a 40-year-old man and Case 2 was a 45-year-old man, both diagnosed with AOT1DM. Various tests indicated intact capacity for endogenous insulin secretion and that they were in the honeymoon phase of AOT1DM. Treatment with rituximab protected against pancreatic β-cell damage and maintained somewhat the endogenous insulin secretion. In Case 2, HbA1c level was maintained below 6.5% up to 24 months after treatment. However, in Case 1, the patient showed a gradual increase in HbA1c level starting around 9 months but fell at 12 months to >9.0% and required an insulin dose about twice greater than that of Case 2. High spleen tyrosine kinase (Syk) levels were recorded in the two patients before rituximab administration and after the treatment, the levels were further increased in Case 1, but decreased in Case 2. Both patients require continuous careful follow-up for glycemic control, insulin secretion capacity, and adverse reactions in the future. Although the clinical relevance of high Syk levels in AOT1DM patients remains unclear, the difference in the change in Syk level between the two patients may explain the different clinical courses.

Learning points

We described the pancreas-protective effect of rituximab in two patients with acute-onset type 1 diabetes mellitus in the honeymoon period and investigated the possible mechanism of action.

The present study demonstrated that treatment with rituximab maintained endogenous insulin secretion capacity for 2 years in the two patients.

The phosphorylated-spleen tyrosine kinase (p-Syk) data suggest that the differences in HbA1c level and the required insulin dose between the two patients could be due to reactivation or nonreactivation of β-cells.
New drugs for medullary thyroid cancer: new promises?
Authors: Spitzweg Christine , Morris John C , Bible Keith C
Published: May 2016

Medullary thyroid cancer (MTC) is a rare tumor arising from the calcitonin-producing parafollicular C cells of the thyroid gland, occurring either sporadically or alternatively in a hereditary form based on germline RET mutations in approximately one-third of cases. Historically, patients with advanced, metastasized MTC have had a poor prognosis, partly due to limited response to conventional chemotherapy and radiation therapy. In the past decade, however, considerable progress has been made in identifying key genetic alterations and dysregulated signaling pathways paving the way for the evaluation of a series of multitargeted kinase inhibitors that have started to meaningfully impact clinical practice. Two drugs, vandetanib and cabozantinib, are now approved in the US and EU for use in advanced, progressive MTC, with additional targeted agents also showing promise or awaiting results from clinical trials. However, the potential for toxicities with significant reduction in quality of life and lack of curative outcomes has to be carefully weighed against potential for benefit. Despite significant PFS prolongation observed in randomized clinical trials, most patients even with metastatic disease enjoy indolent courses with slow progression observed over years, wherein watchful waiting is still the preferred strategy. As advanced, progressive MTC is a rare and complex disease, a multidisciplinary approach centered in specialized centers providing interdisciplinary expertise in the individualization of available therapeutic options is preferred. In this review, we summarize current concepts of the molecular pathogenesis of advanced MTC and discuss results from clinical trials of targeted agents and also cytotoxic chemotherapy in the context of clinical implications and future perspectives.
Synaptonemal Complex Proteins of Budding Yeast Define Reciprocal Roles in MutSγ-Mediated Crossover Formation
Authors: Voelkel-Meiman Karen , Cheng Shun-Yun , Morehouse Savannah J , MacQueen Amy J
Published: May 2016

During meiosis, crossover recombination creates attachments between homologous chromosomes that are essential for a precise reduction in chromosome ploidy. Many of the events that ultimately process DNA repair intermediates into crossovers during meiosis occur within the context of homologous chromosomes that are tightly aligned via a conserved structure called the synaptonemal complex (SC), but the functional relationship between SC and crossover recombination remains obscure. There exists a widespread correlation across organisms between the presence of SC proteins and successful crossing over, indicating that the SC or its building block components are procrossover factors . For example, budding yeast mutants missing the SC transverse filament component, Zip1, and mutant cells missing the Zip4 protein, which is required for the elaboration of SC, fail to form MutSγ-mediated crossovers. Here we report the reciprocal phenotype—an increase in MutSγ-mediated crossovers during meiosis—in budding yeast mutants devoid of the SC central element components Ecm11 or Gmc2, and in mutants expressing a version of Zip1 missing most of its N terminus. This novel phenotypic class of SC-deficient mutants demonstrates unequivocally that the tripartite SC structure is dispensable for MutSγ-mediated crossover recombination in budding yeast. The excess crossovers observed in SC central element-deficient mutants are Msh4, Zip1, and Zip4 dependent, clearly indicating the existence of two classes of SC proteins—a class with procrossover function(s) that are also necessary for SC assembly and a class that is not required for crossover formation but essential for SC assembly. The latter class directly or indirectly limits MutSγ-mediated crossovers along meiotic chromosomes. Our findings illustrate how reciprocal roles in crossover recombination can be simultaneously linked to the SC structure.
Determinant of Nokia's Users Loyalties (Case Study on Societies of Air Simpang Village, Ketahun Subdistrict, Bengkulu Utara)
Authors: Azhar Andi , Novilia Novilia
Published: May 2016

This study aimed to analyze the impact of the quality and price perception to the loyalty of Nokia mobile phone users in the Air Simpang Village. Ketahun Subdistrict, Bengkulu Utara. The primary data used in this study was obtained from a questionnaire distributed to 318 people who meet the criteria respondent sample. The results showed that the quality of the product has positive effect on customer loyalty, and price has a positive effect on customer loyalty. Based on regression testing, the independent variable that most influence on customer loyalty of mobile phone users in the Water Village Simpang is the price.DOI: 10.15408/etk.v15i1.2837
How Far Has Our Wakaf Been Researched?
Authors: Rusydiana Aam Slamet , Al Farisi Salman
Published: May 2016

In practice, waqf in Indonesia faces many hard problems, because commonly known as non-productive waqf. Talking about waqf, it’s not only as religious rituality but also could touch humanity aspect by empowering its potency to maximize public wealth. On the other hand, the research related to waqf is still very lack, but it is very important to do. This study reviews on research around waqf. The study used descriptive statistical analysis based on 100 journal publications related to waqf, both national and international journal. The entire sample journal publications have published last 5 years from 2011 to 2015. Results show that the waqf research is still dominated by the discussion of non-cash waqf (62%) then the cash waqf (38%). This gives a general overview for researchers to produce better research related to cash waqf. In addition, comparison of quantitative research methods is still far less than the qualitative approach.DOI: 10.15408/etk.v15i1.3110
Presumed Pseudotumor Cerebri Syndrome After Withdrawal of Inhaled Glucocorticoids
Authors: Kwon Young Joon , Allen Julian L. , Liu Grant T. , McCormack Shana E.
Published: May 2016

Pseudotumor cerebri syndrome (PTCS) is characterized by increased intracranial pressure with normal brain parenchyma and cerebrospinal fluid constituents. PTCS after withdrawal of systemic corticosteroids also has been described in children. In contrast, to our knowledge, PTCS after withdrawal of inhaled glucocorticoids has not previously been described. Here we report the case of an 8-year and 6-month-old girl who developed signs and symptoms consistent with PTCS after withdrawal of inhaled glucocorticoids. The patient had excellent adherence to inhaled glucocorticoid therapy for ∼1 year before presentation, after which the therapy was stopped for concern related to poor growth. The withdrawal of inhaled glucocorticoids was associated with the development of severe headaches and diplopia, and further clinical examination led to the patient’s diagnosis of likely PTCS. Although its occurrence is likely rare, clinicians caring for the many children receiving inhaled glucocorticoid therapy should be aware of the potential for PTCS after abrupt withdrawal of such treatment, and consider ophthalmology evaluation if patients report suggestive symptoms, such as headaches or vision changes in this context.
LEIBNIZ Y LA FILOSOFÍA DE LA RELIGIÓN EN NISHIDA KITARÔ
Authors: Agustín Jacinto Z.
Published: May 2016

ABSTRACT This paper is an analysis of the manner Nishida Kitarô (1870-1945), in the process of construction of his own philosophy of religion, enters into dialogue with Leibniz's thought concerning Pre-established Harmony. Although the philosophy of religion is an important theme and Nishida goes back to Leibniz at some points in his textual career, there are relatively few studies that touch on the relationship between these two thinkers. I study Nishida's approach under three headings. The first section concerns ten main aspects of the world of pre-established harmony. The second tries to show the manner in which such a world becomes a guide towards a philosophy of religion, placing the emphasis on three characteristically Christian aspects: a created, fallen, and Trinitarian world. The third section includes some elements such as the entrance into religion, metanoia, satori and a comparison between Christian agape and Buddhist maha-kruna. These are themes on which Nishida elaborates in his 1945 masterpiece, The Logic of Basho and a Religious Worldview.
NĀGĀRJUNA AND SCHELLING: OUTLINES OF A DIALOGUE ON SELF, WORLD, AND VIEWPOINTS
Authors: Vieira Leonardo Alves
Published: May 2016

ABSTRACT The paper intends to build a dialogue between Nāgārjuna and Schelling on Self, world, and standpoints, taking as main references Nāgārjuna's The Fundamental Verses of the Middle Way and Schelling's Philosophical Letters on Dogmatism and Criticism. Whereas Nāgārjuna criticizes the substantialization of beings by resorting to the discourse of the dependent co-origination in order to overcome suffering, Schelling, on his turn, refutes the fanaticism based on dogmatism's tenets in favor of the criticism interpreted according to its spirit, and not according to its letter, in order to emancipate humanity. Starting with a succint contextualization of the Eastern and Western philosophical discourse, proceeding further to discuss the philosophies of both thinkers, the paper is concluded by assessing their theories.
BUDDHISM AND MODERNITY: IN THE MARGIN OF DONALD S. LOPEZ JR.'S "BUDDHISM AND SCIENCE
Authors: Turco Bruno Lo
Published: May 2016

ABSTRACT The present article aims at setting the issue of the relationship between Buddhism and science in a historical and philosophical frame wider than that one taken into account by the international scholarship so far. The historical point of view allows us to conclude that the narrative that connects Buddhism with science is not based on features intrinsic to Buddhist thought. In fact, such narrative prospered thanks to the development of a dialectic, typical of the 18th and 19th centuries, between science and religion. The philosophical point of view allows us to conclude that such narrative is backed by a metaphysical-like thought that denies the specificity of both science and Buddhism.
DESLIZANDO SENTIDOS: UMA ANÁLISE DAS INTERPRETAÇÕES DE LEITORES CHINESES PARA UMA PEÇA PUBLICITÁRIA VEICULADA NA MÍDiA IMPRESSA LATINO-AMERICANA
Authors: Shan He , Moutinho Ricardo
Published: May 2016

Neste trabalho, investigamos os efeitos produzidos por sujeitos chineses a partir da leitura de uma peça publicitária da marca Colgate, divulgada na mídia impressa sul-americana, vencedora do Prêmio de Prata no Festival de Cannes de 2011. Segundo a perspectiva discursiva, consideramos o texto um conjunto de sentidos, ligado à sua exterioridade, isto é, o interdiscurso. Por isso, o texto não é uma unidade fechada em si, nem algo que tem um sentido evidente e pronto para ser capturado pelo sujeito-leitor. Assim, distintas leituras a partir de um mesmo texto são possíveis. Para sustentar esta hipótese, realizamos uma série de entrevistas com tópicos semiestruturados com quatro participantes e analisamos o corpus constituído por suas leituras relacionadas a essa peça, identificando as semelhanças e diferenças entre elas. Os resultados mostram que os participantes produziram leituras diversificadas, que os identificam não só como sujeitos pertencentes a uma cultura diferente daquela na qual a peça foi inicialmente divulgada, mas como sujeitos diferentes entre si, uma vez que a interpretação de um texto não é linear, mas marcada pelo complexo jogo interdiscursivo.
French version of the Rating Scale for Aggressive Behaviour in the Elderly (F-RAGE): Psychometric properties and diagnostic accuracy
Authors: Adama Barry , Benjamin Calvet , Jean-Pierre Clément , Michel Druet-Cabanac , Annie Prado-Jean
Published: May 2016

ABSTRACT Aggressive behaviour is the most disturbing and distressing behaviour displayed by elderly people. The prevalence of aggressive behaviour is around 50% among psychogeriatric patients. Objective: This study sought to analyze the psychometric properties and diagnostic accuracy of the French version of the Rating Scale for Aggressive Behaviour in the Elderly (F-RAGE). Methods: The F-RAGE was administered to 79 patients hospitalized in a geriatric psychiatry department. A psychiatrist, who was blind to the subjects' RAGE scores, performed the diagnosis for aggressivity based on global clinical impression. The F-RAGE and MMSE were applied by a trained researcher blind to subjects' clinical diagnoses while the Cohen-Mansfield Agitation Inventory and Neuropsychiatric Inventory were administered by medical and nursing staff. Internal consistency, reliability, cut-off points, sensitivity and specificity for F-RAGE were estimated. Results: F-RAGE showed satisfactory validity and reliability measurements. Regarding reliability, Cronbach's a coefficient was satisfactory with a value of 0.758. For diagnostic accuracy, a cut-off point of 8 points (sensitivity=74.19%; specificity=97.98%) and area under curve of 0.960 were estimated to distinguish between aggressive patients and control subjects. Discussion: F-RAGE showed acceptable psychometric properties, supported by evidence of validity and reliability for its use in the diagnosis of aggressive behaviour in elderly.
Active earth pressures from a log-spiral slip surface with arching effects
Authors: Xie Y. , Leshchinsky B.
Published: May 2016

The distribution of active earth pressures behind retaining structures is typically inferred from simplified Rankine or Coulomb analyses, both of which are triangular in shape and assume a planar slip surface. However, various experiments and numerical models have demonstrated an earth pressure distribution that is non-linear in shape, typically attributed to a phenomenon called ‘soil arching’. Existing analytical solutions have typically evaluated arching with planar slip surfaces; however, slip surfaces that form behind retaining structures are often curvilinear, tending to follow a log-spiral shape, particularly when considering wall batter or interface friction between the backfill and wall. In this letter, the arching effect is considered using a log-spiral failure mechanism that has been developed by deriving a first-order differential equation and subsequently solved using a numerical approach. A series of charts are presented accounting for varying soil strengths, interface friction and wall batters.
Partitioning-Defective 1a/b Depletion Impairs Glomerular and Proximal Tubule Development
Authors: Akchurin Oleh , Du Zhongfang , Ramkellawan Nadira , Dalal Vidhi , Han Seung Hyeok , Pullman James , Müsch Anne , Susztak Katalin , Reidy Kimberly J.
Published: May 2016

The kidney is a highly polarized epithelial organ that develops from undifferentiated mesenchyme, although the mechanisms that regulate the development of renal epithelial polarity are incompletely understood. Partitioning-defective 1 (Par1) proteins have been implicated in cell polarity and epithelial morphogenesis; however, the role of these proteins in the developing kidney has not been established. Therefore, we studied the contribution of Par1a/b to renal epithelial development. We examined the renal phenotype of newborn compound mutant mice carrying only one allele of Par1a or Par1b. Loss of three out of four Par1a/b alleles resulted in severe renal hypoplasia, associated with impaired ureteric bud branching. Compared with kidneys of newborn control littermates, kidneys of newborn mutant mice exhibited dilated proximal tubules and immature glomeruli, and the renal proximal tubular epithelia lacked proper localization of adhesion complexes. Furthermore, Par1a/b mutants expressed low levels of renal Notch ligand Jag1, activated Notch2, and Notch effecter Hes1. Together, these data demonstrate that Par1a/b has a key role in glomerular and proximal tubule development, likely via modulation of Notch signaling.
Diferencias individuales en razonamiento deductivo: una revisión narrativa
Authors: Crivello María del Carmen , Macbeth Guillermo , Fioramonti Mauro , Razumiejczyk Eugenia
Published: May 2016

Introducción: el presente estudio aborda la cuestión de diferencias individuales en razonamiento deductivo. En él se tratan algunas de las variables relacionadas con el campo: las habilidades cognitivas, el desarrollo, el género y la cultura de las personas. Objetivo: se pretende ofrecer una revisión narrativa de las principales propuestas dentro del área, con especial atención a los factores sociales. Metodología: se realiza un análisis cualitativo de la bibliografía existente, relevando aportes principalmente clásicos, y algunos recientes. Resultados: han sido detectadas variables de diferencias individuales que pueden contribuir a una mejor comprensión del fenómeno bajo estudio. Conclusión: se presentan de manera sintética los principales hallazgos y limitaciones del trabajo, relacionadas estas con la combinación de evidencia en futuros estudios metaanalíticos.
The Effect of Using Video Games on EFL Learners' Acquisition of Speech Acts of Apology and Request
Authors: Shirazi Mahshid , Ahmadi Seyyed Dariush , Mehrdad Ali Gholami
Published: May 2016

This article presents a discussion about the inclusion of video game based pragmatic competence instruction as a facilitative tool to develop interlanguage pragmatic competence of Iranian EFL learners' acquisition of speech acts of apology and request. The question this article is intended to answer includes: whether using video game as a facilitative tool for developing interlanguage pragmatic competence have any effect on EFL learners’ acquisition of speech acts of apology and request or not. To answer this question, 40 Iranian intermediate EFL learners were selected via administering the Oxford Placement Test (OPT). Following the Jianda Liu pragmatic competence test (2004) that made test of apology and request speech acts were administered as the pre-test before the targeted speech acts were instructed to them for 8 sessions. The post-test of apology and request speech acts were then administered and data were analyzed via calculating ANCOVA and Mann-Whitney U test. The results indicated that the video game-based instructed EFL classroom showed positive progress in acquisition of apology and request speech acts.
Informative capacity to assess cytokine status in predicting placental abruption
Authors: Grebneva Olga S , Zilber Marina Ju , Agajan Hadzhak G , Volkova Alisa A
Published: May 2016

The purpose - to define a predictive role of the content in serum of blood of pregnant women of factor of a necrosis of a tumor - an alpha and interleykin-10 in development of a premature abruption of placenta. Technique. The main group (n = 14) - patients from a premature abruption of placenta in terms of gestation of 22-41 week. Group of comparison (n = 30) - the patients who entered into group of risk on development of a premature abruption of placenta, but pregnancy and which childbirth proceeded without this pathology. Conclusions: 1. At patients from a premature abruption of placenta the contents the FNO-alpha in terms of pregnancy of 21-22 weeks and in 27-28 weeks prevails. Distinction in the contents Il-10 in the compared groups statistically isn’t reliable. 2. The assessment of the predictive importance of definition of cytokin in terms of gestation of 21-22 weeks revealed that for AUC 0,77 FNO-alpha that testifies to high quality of this diagnostic indicator as a predictor of a premature abruption of a placenta. For IL-10 AUC 0,65 - average quality of diagnostic test. In the analysis of predictive value of cytokin in the term of a gestation of 27-28 weeks it is defined that AUC for the FNO-alpha is equal 0,79 - high quality of diagnostic test. AUC for IL-10 0,54, is an unsatisfactory quality of diagnostic test.
Current State of Fertility Preservation in Cancer Patients—What is Established and What is Still Controversial?
Authors: Oktay Kutluk , Bedoschi Giuliano ,   Innovation Institute for Fertility Preservation and IVF, New York, New York, US,   Laboratory of Molecular Reproduction and Fertility Preservation, Obstetrics and Gynecology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York, US,   Innovation Institute for Fertility Preservation and IVF, New York, New York, US,   Laboratory of Molecular Reproduction and Fertility Preservation, Obstetrics and Gynecology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York, US
Published: May 2016

Fertility Preservation is an essential part of cancer care when treating young females and men. While semen cryopreservation is a straightforward approach for postpubertal men and there is the option of experimental testicular tissue freezing for prepubertal boys, the options for females are more tumultuous. The last 17 years brought us established approaches such the embryo and oocyte cryopreservation and the ovarian cryopreservation is ready to join the list. However, there still is no proven medical fertility preservation method and the controversy around the utility of GnRHa continues.
Is Gastrointestinal Metastasis of Primary Lung Malignancy as Rare as Reported in the Literature? A Comparison Between Clinical Cases and Post-mortem Studies
Authors: Jevremovic Vasa ,   Department of Medicine, American Northwest University, Travnik, Bosnia and Herzegovina
Published: May 2016

Lung cancer is a common malignancy, with metastasis occurring in approximately half of all cases. Most commonly, these secondary lesions present in the lymph nodes, adrenal glands, liver, bone, and brain. The incidence of metastatic lesions to the gastrointestinal tract is under speculation as it had originally been thought exceedingly rare. However, post-mortem studies have revealed that these secondary lesions may be more common than previously believed. This article reviews the literature regarding primary lung malignancies and their involvement as metastatic lesions in the gastrointestinal tract with focus on clinical manifestation, diagnosis, and the difference in incidence among clinical cases and lesions found at autopsy.
OPOSIÇÃO NO SERTáƒO: a construção da distinção entre música caipira e música sertaneja
Authors: ALLONSO GUSTAVO
Published: May 2016

O artigo mostra o surgimento da oposição entre música caipira e música sertaneja baseado na ideia de que um representaria a autenticidade do campo brasileiro e outro sua degeneração.  Esta cruzada simbólica deveu-se muito a parte da academia de diversos matizes.  Uniram-se nesta empreitada folcloristas, marxistas e também teóricos do populismo, cujas obras são analisadas.  A partir de veredictos crá­ticos da cultura de massa e da indústria cultural, houve entre os acadêmicos de diversas origens um frequente desprezo em relação á  música sertaneja e seu público, o que distanciou grande parte dos acadêmicos da compreensão deste chamado ”Brasil profundo” e demarcou a identidade e distinção destes intelectuais.
O ANTICOMUNISMO DO SERVIá‡O NACIONAL DE INFORMAÇÕES NA DITADURA CIVIL-MILITAR BRASILEIRA
Authors: SAMWAYS DANIEL TREVISAN
Published: May 2016

O discurso anticomunista e de combate á  subversão foi uma das bases da ditadura civil-militar durante longos 21 anos de violência e terrorismo estatal. Combater os comunistas e sua doutrina, o comunismo, foi uma das principais metas dos aparelhos repressivos e de informações, que buscavam mapear e reprimir supostos subversivos, usando, em muitos casos, de métodos de tortura para obter informações. Neste sentido, a comunidade de informações, que tinha no Serviço Nacional de Informações seu principal órgão, buscou também reforçar uma imagem negativa do comunismo. O SNI, ao longo de sua existência, utilizou de diversas técnicas para obter informações sobre os passos dos comunistas, mas também produziu uma grande quantidade de relatórios e documentos sobre o comunismo, inclusive o internacional. Palavras-chave: Ditadura civil-militar. Anticomunismo. Comunismo.  THE ANTICOMMUNISM OF THE NATIONAL INTELLIGENCE SERVICE IN BRAZILIAN CIVIL-MILITARY DICTATORSHIP Abstract: The speech anticommunist and anti-subversion was one of the foundations of civil-military dictatorship during 21 long years of violence and state terrorism. Fight the communists and their doctrine, communism, was a key goal of the repressive apparatus and information, seeking to map and prosecute alleged subversives, using, in many cases, methods of torture to obtain information. In this sense, the intelligence community, which had the National Information Service (SNI) its main organ, also sought to reinforce a negative image of communism. The SNI over its existence, used various techniques to obtain information on the steps of the Communists, but also produced a large number of reports and documents on communism, including international. Keywords: Civil-military dictatorship. Anticommunism. Communism.  EL ANTICOMUNISMO DEL SERVICIO NACIONAL DE INFORMACIONES EN LA DICTADURA CIVIL MILITAR BRASILEá‘AResumen: El discurso anticomunista y de combate a la subversión fue una de las bases de la dictadura civil militar durante largos 21 años de violencia y terrorismo estatal. Combatir los comunistas y su doctrina, el comunismo, fue una de las principales metas de los aparatos represivos y de informaciones, que buscaban mapear y reprimir supuesto subversivos, utilizando, en muchos casos, métodos de castigo para obtener su principal órgano; procuró también reforzar una imagen negativa del comunismo. El SNI , a lo largo de su existencia, empleó diversas técnicas para obtener informaciones sobre las decisiones de los comunistas, pero también produjo una gran cantidad de relatos y documentos sobre el comunismo, incluso el internacional.Palabras clave: Dictadura civil militar. Anticomunismo. Comunismo.