bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Baliza Econômica para a Definição de Grave Dano à Coletividade Aplicado aos Crimes contra a Ordem Tributária
Authors: Regina José Mário Queiroz
Published: September 2024

Na expansão do Direito Penal, especialmente registrada a partir dos anos de 1970, rejeitaram-se as críticas ao sistema repressivo e desenvolveram-se novos discursos legitimadores, adicionando-se um toque de justiça social ao inaugurar uma nova política de inclusão punitiva das classes dominantes. Surge o Direito Penal Econômico como um Subsistema do Direito Penal voltado à proteção supraindividual da ordem econômica lato sensu, nela incluídas a política econômica stricto sensu e as políticas de renda, monetária, fiscal, financeira e cambial. No caso específico dos crimes contra a ordem tributária, o presente estudo propõe uma baliza econômica para a definição de grave dano à coletividade previsto no aumento de pena especial, nos termos do no art. 12, inciso I, da Lei n. 8.137/1990, visando orientar melhor a sua aplicação no caso concreto, diante das distorções e superficialidades encontradas como regra na jurisprudência federal atual, inclusive nos tribunais superiores.
Smart Tax
Authors: Souza Karoline Lins Câmara Marinho de , Siqueira Mariana de
Published: September 2024

Em 2016, a Organização das Nações Unidas (ONU) traçou, em sua Agenda 2030, dezessete objetivos para a concretização do desenvolvimento sustentável (ODS). Vislumbrando a sustentabilidade para além do tradicional e importantíssimo recorte ambiental, a ONU atrelou tal ideia a outras igualmente relevantes para o avanço social, como é o caso da redução das desigualdades, da promoção da equidade de gênero e da inovação. O presente artigo, considerando esse contexto, o estuda em associação aos temas da tributação e das smart cities. Nessa perspectiva, a pesquisa se guia a partir da seguinte pergunta problema: de que forma a tributação pode ajudar a promover os ODS em smart cities? O presente trabalho, objetivando encontrar resposta para o questionamento feito, apresenta um novo modelo de política tributária, a smart tax, que consiste na aplicação contemporânea da tributação no contexto das smart cities, no intuito de realizar os Objetivos do Desenvolvimento Sustentável – ODS definidos na Agenda 2030 da ONU. O artigo, portanto, busca traçar as medidas de política fiscal aplicáveis a essas cidades, tendo em vista as competências tributárias municipais previstas na Constituição Federal, bem assim as novas diretrizes do direito tributário trazidas pela Reforma Tributária (Emenda Constitucional n. 32/2023). O texto do artigo apresenta medidas capazes de alcançar o desenvolvimento sustentável das cidades inteligentes, tendo em vista a necessidade de aplicação de um direito tributário antidiscriminatório e voltado para a redução de desigualdades estruturantes. A conclusão da pesquisa é no sentido de que a tributação pode e deve ser instrumento eficiente para realizar esses objetivos como: conectividade e acessibilidade aos serviços públicos por meio da tecnologia, eficiência energética, energia limpa, mobilidade urbana, economia circular do lixo, saneamento básico acessível, equidade de gênero, raça e classe, valorização do patrimônio cultural, garantia de integridade das instituições, sustentabilidade da economia local, dentre outros.
Dedução do Ágio e a Regra do Art. 24 (5) Prevista nos Acordos de Bitributação
Authors: Bez-Batti Gabriel
Published: September 2024

Como se sabe, tem sido comum a interpretação feita pela administração tributária no sentido de que, para o aproveitamento do ágio, a incorporação deve ocorrer entre a empresa operacional e a “real investidora”. O objetivo deste artigo é verificar se tal interpretação viola o art. 24 (5) dos acordos de bitributação assinados pelo Brasil.
Regras Recomendadas pelo Pillar Two e a sua Relação com o Ordenamento Jurídico Brasileiro
Authors: Andrade Leonardo Aguirra de
Published: September 2024

O artigo avalia a validade das regras domésticas – “regra de inclusão de renda” (Income Inclusion Rule – IIR) e a “regra de pagamento de tributação reduzida” (Undertaxed Profits Rules – UTPR) – recomendadas pela OCDE/G20, no Pillar Two, à luz do ordenamento jurídico brasileiro, e conclui pela sua incompatibilidade em razão da contrariedade à regra de competência para tributação de renda no Brasil e pela limitação injustificada do princípio da igualdade. Conclui-se também que a IIR viola o art. 7(1) dos acordos para evitar a dupla tributação, enquanto a UTPR pode violar o referido art. 7(1) em casos específicos. Ademais, não se identificou violação pela UTPR dos arts. 9(1) e 24(4) dos acordos.
Klonal Seçim Algoritması ile Kompakt Flüoresan Lambalarda Elektrik ve Manyetik Alan İncelenmesi
Authors: Kosalay İlhan , Tanış Yeliz
Published: September 2024

Çalışmada, laboratuvar koşullarında oluşturulan bir deney ortamında dikey y ekseni boyunca 10’ar cm’lik aralıklarla belirli noktalarda kompakt floresan lambaların elektrik alan (EA) ve manyetik alan (MA) ölçümleri yapılmış ve 50-900 MHz frekans aralığında Kompakt flüoresan lambaların (KFL) davranışları incelenmiştir. Deney sonuçlarına göre, KFL’lerden yayılan radyo frekanslı elektromanyetik alanın insan sağlığına olan etkisi ICNIRP standartlarına göre karşılaştırılmış ve ICNIRP’nin belirlediği maruziyet sınırlarının çok altında olduğu görülmüştür. Deneylerde elde edilen veriler, Yapay Bağışıklık Sistemi’nin bir dalı olan Klonal Seçim Algoritması’nda (KSA) kullanılmış ve ölçüm yapılmayan noktalardaki EA ve MA değerleri tahmin edilmeye çalışılmıştır. Algoritma sonucu elde edilen tahmini verilerin doğruluğu, En Küçük Kareler Yöntemi’ni baz alan farklı bir hata mekanizması aracılığıyla incelenmiş ve kullanılan yöntemin doğruluğunu ispatlamak için sağlaması yapılmıştır. KSA kullanılarak yapılan hesaplamalar sonucunda memnun edici sonuçlara ulaşılmıştır.
Teaching Symbolics in Greece in the 19th – Early 20th Centuries
Authors: Поляков Э.А.
Published: September 2024

В статье рассказывается о традиции преподавания в Греции в XIX — нач. XX в. такого предмета, как символика. Рассматриваются сочинения основных преподавателей символики — архиеп. Александра (Ликургоса), Анастасия Диомида Кириакоса, Иоанна Месолораса, Христоса Андруцоса. Прежде всего изучаются их мнения о символических текстах православия и их авторитетности для Церкви. Затем излагается содержание учебников символики, изданных греческими преподавателями в кон. XIX — нач. XX в. Также проводится сопоставление этих трудов с русскими дореволюционными учебниками по обличительному богословию. Можно сделать вывод, что между греческими преподавателями символики и русскими богословами того времени не существовало принципиальных противоречий в изложении православного вероучения и в оценке других христианских конфессий. В то же время греческое богословие в качестве православных символических книг принимало канон, значительно отличающийся от того, что утвердился в Русской Церкви. В оценке символических книг и их авторитетности существовали разногласия и между самими греческими богословами. Эта ситуация открывала путь к дальнейшим дискуссиям, которые велись по этой теме в православном мире в XX в.

The article describes the tradition of teaching such a subject as symbolics in Greece in the 19th — early 20th centuries. Considered are the works of the main teachers of symbolics — archbishop Alexander (Lykourgos), Anastas Diomed Kyriakos, John Mesoloras and Christos Androutsos. First of all, their opinions on the symbolic texts of Orthodoxy and their authority for the Church are studied. Then the content of symbolic textbooks published by Greek teachers in the late 19th and early 20th centuries are outlined. A comparison of these works with Russian pre-revolutionary textbooks on accusatory theology is also carried out. The conclusion can be made that there were no fundamental contradictions between the Greek teachers of symbolics and the Russian theologians of that time in the presentation of the Orthodox doctrine and assessment of other Christian denominations. At the same time, Greek theology accepted the canon as Orthodox symbolic books, the cannon being vastly different from the one taken hold in the Russian Church. There were disagreements in the assessment of symbolic books and their authority among the Greek theologians themselves too. This situation paved the way to further discussions that took place on this topic in the Orthodox world in the 20th century.
The Principle of Legality in Church Law: Problem Statement
Authors: Хохлов А.А.
Published: September 2024

В статье затрагивается проблематика правовых принципов — ключевых норм, их интерпретации и понимания в церковной и светской правовых традициях. Особое значение придается принципу законности и его месту в современном церковном судопроизводстве. Предпринимается попытка выявления принципиальных различий в правоприменительных подходах Церкви и государства, а также поиска компромиссных моделей с целью качественной трансформации механизма церковного судопроизводства при учете как особого характера правовой системы Церкви, так и конструктивного опыта светской юридической науки. Для достижения этой цели задействуется сравнительно-правовой метод. Делается вывод, что признаки синхронизации двух систем в отдельных аспектах имплицитно имеют место и при соблюдении определенных условий могут стать источником позитивных практических эффектов. Необходимость проработки проблемы в указанном ключе обуславливается не только теоретическими потребностями дальнейшего развития церковной правовой науки, но и актуальностью задач, стоящих сегодня перед церковным правосудием, перманентно реализуемым в повседневности соответствующими инстанциями.

The article discusses problems of legal principles — key norms, their interpretation and understanding in the ecclesiastical and secular legal traditions. Particular importance is given to the principle of legality and its place in modern church legal proceedings. An attempt is made to identify fundamental differences in the law enforcement approaches of the Church and the state, as well as to find compromise models in order to qualitatively transform the mechanism of church judicial proceedings, taking into account both a special nature of the Church’s legal system and effective experience of secular jurisprudence. To achieve this goal, a comparative legal method is used. As a result, it is concluded that there are implicit signs of synchronization of the two systems in certain aspects, and they can become a source of positive effects in practice under certain conditions. The need to study the problem in this perspective is determined not only by theoretical demands of the further development of church legal science, but also by today’s urgent tasks facing church justice that is continuously implemented in everyday life by the relevant authorities.
The End of Theodicy: Semyon Frank and Others
Authors: Резвых Т.Н.
Published: September 2024

В статье рассматривается развитие проблемы теодицеи во 2‑й пол. XX в. Сначала кратко описывается теодицея у блж. Августина. Согласно ему всемогущество Бога и наличие зла совместимы друг с другом. Рассматриваются взгляды некоторых современных сторонников августиновской теодицеи (Р. Суинберн и Дж. Хик). Затем исследуется эволюция теодицеи у С. Л. Франка. В статье показывается, что сначала Франк развивал августиновскую теодицею, но в ходе Второй мировой войны пересмотрел свои взгляды. Франк отказался от идеи всемогущества Бога и от теодицеи. Далее описаны взгляды Ю. Мольтмана, который пришел к мысли невозможности рационального объяснения страдания человека, если Бог обладает всемогуществом, и в конце концов сделал вывод, что страдание человека может быть оправдано только страданием Бога. Затем излагается концепция страдающего Бога у Г. Йонаса, восходящая к идее цим-цум Исаака Лурии. В завершающей части статьи рассмотрено развитие описанных идей в «слабом богословии» Дж. Капуто. В описанной традиции страдание мира оправдано страданием Бога. Сила Бога заключается в «слабости» и смирении. Вывод автора состоит в том, что в этой концепции теодицея подходит к своему концу.

The article examines the problem of theodicy in the second half of the 20th century. First, Augustinian theodicy is briefly described. According to Augustin, the omnipotence of God and the presence of evil are compatible with each other. The views of some modern supporters of Augustinian theodicy are considered (R. Swinburne and J. Hick). The development of theodicy by S. L. Frank is then examined. At first he developed Augustinian theodicy, but revised his views during the Second World War. He abandoned the idea of the omnipotence of God and theodicy. Then follows description of the views of J. Moltmann who came up with the idea that it is impossible to rationally explain human sufferings if God is omnipotent, and finally concluded that human suffering can only be justified by the suffering of God. Next, H. Jonas’ concept of the suffering God is presented, which goes back to Isaac Luria’s idea of tzim-tzum. The final part of the article outlines the development of the described ideas in J. Caputo’s “weak theology”. In the tradition presented, the suffering of the world is justified by the suffering of God. God’s strength lies in “weakness” and humility. The conclusion is made that theodicy in this concept is moving towards its end.
The Problem of Hierarchical Leadership of the Russian Church in the Context of Inter-Princely Relations after the Mongol Conquest of Rus’
Authors: Петрушко В.И.
Published: September 2024

В статье освещается вопрос о высшем иерархическом управлении в Русской Церкви в условиях, сложившихся после завоевания Руси монголами в сер. XIII в. Рассматриваются попытки наиболее влиятельных русских князей выдвинуть в качестве первоиерарха Русской Церкви (митрополита или местоблюстителя митрополичьего престола) своего кандидата, с тем чтобы в дальнейшем опереться на его поддержку в политической борьбе со своими соперниками. В статье выдвинут ряд новых предположений, касающихся особенностей государственно-церковных отношений на Руси в сер. XIII в., а также уточнены обстоятельства, повлиявшие на трансформацию политической линии и религиозной политики митр. Кирилла II.

The article discusses the issue of higher hierarchical government in the Russian Church in the conditions developed after the conquest of Rus’ by the Mongols in the middle of the 13th century. Considered are the attempts of the most influential Russian princes to nominate their candidate as the first hierarch of the Russian Church (metropolitan or locum tenens of the metropolitan see) to be able to rely on his support in political struggle with their rivals. A number of new assumptions are put forward regarding the peculiarities of State — Church relations in Rus’ in the middle of the 13th century. The circumstances that influenced the transformation of the political line and religious policy of Metropolitan Kirill II are also clarified.
Audit System at Theological Educational Institutions in the Second Half of the 19th and Early 20th Centuries
Authors: Широков П.Ф.
Published: September 2024

Статья посвящена малоизученной на сегодняшний день теме, связанной с характером ревизионной деятельности Учебного комитета при Св. Синоде во 2‑й пол. XIX — начале ХХ вв. Реформа духовного образования 1860‑х гг. способствовала созданию новой формы контроля за жизнью и деятельностью региональных духовных школ, которая осуществлялась посредством ревизий членами новоучрежденного Учебного комитета. При этом высшие духовные школы не входили в ведение комитета, однако по факту попали в зависимость от него. В статье представлена общая характеристика контрольно-ревизионной деятельности Учебного комитета по отношению к духовным академиям, семинариям и училищам, а также рассмотрены проблемы, связанные с этой сферой деятельности центрального органа управления духовными школами. Материал подготовлен с привлечением как современных исследований, так и архивных документов, ранее не введенных в научный оборот. Цель исследования — представить комплексную характеристику контрольно-ревизионной деятельности Учебного комитета в рассматриваемые временные рамки, а также сделать акцент на основных проблемах этой деятельности. Автор приходит к выводу, что становление духовного образования в России стало возможным в том числе и благодаря утвержденному новому порядку ревизий, осуществляемых профессиональными ревизорами, имевшими не только высшее богословское образование, но и значительный опыт службы в духовном ведомстве.

The article is devoted to a poorly studied topic on the nature of audit activities of the Educational Committee under the Holy Synod in the second half of the 19th and early 20th centuries. The reform of theological education in the 1860s stimulated establishment of a new form of control over the life and activities of regional theological schools. This control was carried out as audits by the members of the newly established Educational Committee. At the same time, higher theological institutions were not under the jurisdiction of the Committee; however, in fact they were dependent on it. The article presents general characteristics of the control and audit activities of the Educational Committee at theological academies, seminaries and colleges, and also discusses problems related to these activities of the central governing body of theological educational institutions. The material was prepared on the basis of current studies and archival documents previously unknown in the scientific circles. The purpose of the study is to present a comprehensive description of the control and audit activities of the Educational Committee in the period under consideration, as well as to highlight the main problems of these activities. The results lead to the conclusion that development of theological education in Russia became possible thanks in part to the new audit procedure carried out by professional auditors who had higher theological education and also significant experience of ministry at the theological department.
Chief Prosecutors of the Holy Synod of the Duma Monarchy in Russian Historiography
Authors: Савчук А.П.
Published: September 2024

В статье рассматривается образ и роль обер-прокуроров думской монархии в отечественной историографии советского периода и современности. Целью работы является анализ существующих на данное время отечественных исследований, в которых затрагивалась деятельность обер-прокуроров думского периода монархии. Методология исследования строится на принципах историко-сравнительного и историко-типологического методов. Фигуры начальников ведомства православного вероисповедания изучались крайне фрагментарно. Однако если в советской научной мысли они появлялись исключительно в трудах по политической истории, то в кон. XX в. и нач. XXI в. они начинают вызывать интерес как личности или в контексте церковной истории. Пересматривается и роль Г. Распутина в их судьбе, возможность его влияния подвергается сомнению.

The article is a study of the image and role of chief prosecutors of the Duma monarchy in Russian historiography of the Soviet period (1990s — Present). The purpose of the work is to analyze currently existing works related to the activities of the last chief prosecutors. The research methodology is based on the principles of historical-comparative and historical-typological methods. Personalities of the heads of the Department of Orthodox Religion were studied very incompletely. However, while in the Soviet period they were mentioned just in works on political history, at the end of the 20th century and the beginning of the 21st century, they began to arouse interest as individuals or in the context of Church history. The role of G. Rasputin in their fate is also reviewed; the possibility of his influence is questioned.
“Living-Church” Schism and the Activities of the Oryol Renovationist Archpriest Nikolai Polikarpov in 1922–1923
Authors: Балыко Т.А.
Published: September 2024

В настоящей статье рассмотрена история возникновения обновленческого раскола в Орловской епархии и деятельность орловского обновленческого протоиерея Николая Поликарпова, который в 1922 г. оказался единственным представителем белого духовенства из провинции в составе раскольничьего Высшего Церковного Управления. Одна из задач, которые выполнял прот. Николай Поликарпов, заключалась в попытках в интересах большевистской власти вовлечь в обновленчество авторитетных в Орле церковных деятелей — Орловского викария епископа Болховского Даниила (Троицкого) и протоиерея Иверской церкви г. Орла Аркадия Оболенского. Автор статьи не только рассматривает события 1922–1923 гг., но и выявляет существенные детали дореволюционной биографии прот. Николая Поликарпова: возможно, он выполнял определенные задания представителей политической власти еще при самодержавном строе. На основании исследуемых материалов автор делает вывод о том, что одним из факторов генезиса обновленческого раскола стало появление в рамках системы церковно-государственных отношений дореволюционного периода таких церковно- и священнослужителей, которые готовы были выступать орудием решения политических задач властей предержащих. Исследование событий раскола в Орле позволило установить и другие детали истории этого периода, значимость которого через 100 лет оказалась крайне актуальной.

The article investigates the history of the emergence of the Renovationist Schism in the Oryol diocese and the activities of the Oryol Renovationist Archpriest Nikolai Polikarpov who turned out to be the only representative of the white clergy of the province as part of the schismatic Higher Church Administration in 1922. One of the tasks of Protopriest Nikolai Polikarpov was to try to involve authoritative church figures of the city of Orel — vicar of Oryol Daniil (Troitsky) Bishop of Bolkhovsky and Archpriest Arkady Obolensky of the Church of the Iveron Icon of the Mother of God of the city of Orel — in renovationism in the interests of the Bolshevik authorities. The events of 1922–1923 are examined, and important some aspects of the pre-revolutionary biography of Archpriest Nikolai Polikarpov are identified: it is quite possible he fulfilled certain tasks of representatives of the political power even in autocratic times. Based on the materials studied, the conclusion is made that one of the factors of the genesis of the Renovationist schism was the emergence of such churchmen and clergy within the system of church-state relations of the pre-revolutionary period, who were ready to act as a tool of solving political tasks of the authorities in power. The investigation of the events of the split in the city of Orel made it possible to find out some other details of the history of this period whose significance turned out to be extremely relevant 100 years later.
Formation and Key Features of the Siberian Renovationist Ideology at an Early Stage (1922–1923)
Authors: Кульпинов С.С.
Published: September 2024

Статья посвящена проблеме становления обновленческой идеологии в Сибири и ее ключевым особенностям, оформившимся к концу 1923 г. В исследовании ставится цель проанализировать процесс становления сибирской обновленческой идеологии и определить ее характерные черты и ключевые особенности. Впервые предпринимается попытка проследить зарождение, эволюцию и особенности идеологии Сибирской обновленческой церкви как структуры, интегрированной в обновленческий раскол в целом, но обладающей собственными отличительными чертами. Автор подразделяет внутрицерковные и политические идеологические установки сибирских обновленцев, анализируя их эволюцию в период становления раскола, а также влияние на этот процесс различных факторов, в первую очередь решений съезда «Живой церкви» в августе 1922 г. и обновленческого II Поместного собора в апреле-мае 1923 г. Значительное внимание уделяется зарождению сибирской обновленческой идеологии. Автор подчеркивает, что зимой 1922–1923 гг. Сибирская обновленческая церковь уже отличалась по идеологическим установкам от московского обновленчества, что позволяет рассматривать «Сибирскую Живую церковь» данного периода как отдельную церковную группировку. Делается вывод о том, что отличительной особенностью сибирской обновленческой идеологии являлась идея тотального внедрения «семейного епископата». В то же время политическое богословие сибирских обновленцев практически не имело специфических черт.

The article is devoted to the problem of formation of renovationist ideology in Siberia and to its key features, which had formed by the end of 1923. The aim of the study is to analyze the formation process of the Siberian renovationist ideology and identify its characteristic features, as well as the key ones. It is the first attempt to trace the origin, evolution and features of the ideology of the Siberian Renovationist Church as the structure integrated into the Renovationist Schism as a whole, but possessing its own distinctive features. The internal church and political ideological attitudes of the Siberian Renovationists are classified drawing on the analysis of their evolution during the formation of the schism, as well as the influence of various factors on this process, taking into account the decisions of the Congress of the “Living Church” (August, 1922) and the Second Renovationist Local Council (April–May, 1923) in the first place. Considerable attention is paid to the emergence of the Siberian Renovationist ideology. It is emphasized that in the winter of 1922–1923 the Siberian Renovationist Church already differed in its ideological attitudes from the Moscow Renovationism, which makes it possible to consider the “Siberian Living Church” of this period as a separate church grouping. It is concluded that the idea of the total introduction of «married episcopate» was a distinctive feature of the Siberian Renovationist ideology. At the same time, the political theology of the Siberian Renovationists had practically no specific features.
Alexander Tolstopyatov, Archbishop of Molotov and Solikamsk: Exiles to Nizhny Novgorod (1925–1927) and Perm (1927–1929)
Authors: Гагуа А.К.
Published: September 2024

В статье рассматривается жизнь в Нижнем Новгороде (1925–1927) и Перми (1927– 1929) административно-ссыльного архимандрита Александра (Анатолия Михайловича Толстопятова) — будущего архиепископа Молотовского и Соликамского, одного из тех иерархов Русской Православной Церкви XX столетия, осмысление жизненного пути, служения и наследия которых имеет большое значение для общего понимания процессов церковной истории советского периода. Анализ архивных материалов Государственного архива Российской Федерации, Центрального государственного архива Нижегородской области, Пермского государственного архива новейшей истории, знакомство с неопубликованными до настоящего времени апологетическими трудами архиеп. Александра (Толстопятова) позволяют сделать выводы о том, что именно в период пермский ссылки преосвящ. Александр окончательно сформировался как православный богослов-апологет. Впоследствии, занимая сначала Алма-Атинскую (1933– 1936), а затем и Молотовскую кафедру (1943–1945), иерарх продолжал свое научно-богословское творчество, которое еще предстоит изучить современным исследователям.

Considered is the life of Archimandrite Alexander (Anatoly Mikhailovich Tolstopyatov) — future Archbishop of Molotov and Solikamsk, in exile in Nizhny Novgorod (1925–1927) and Perm (1927–1929). Archbishop Alexander is one of those hierarchs of the Russian Orthodox Church in the 19th century whose life, ministry and heritage are of great significance for the general understanding of the Church history in the Soviet period. Analysis of archival materials of the State Archive of the Russian Federation, the Central State Archive of Nizhny Novgorod Region and Perm State Archive of Contemporary History, as well as acquaintance with some Archbishop Alexander’s apologetic works unpublished so far, make it possible to conclude that it was during the period of Perm exile when His Eminence Alexander (Tolstopyatov) turned into a real Orthodox theologian-apologist. Later, holding the sees in Alma-Ata (1933–1936) and in Molotov (1943–1945), the hierarch continued his scholarly and theological activities that is still waiting to be studied by modern researchers.
“Verbo aspero”. Contemporaries’ Perception of Leo Tolstoy’s Non-Fiction of the 1880s
Authors: Кременецкий К.В.
Published: September 2024

В статье рассматривается восприятие современниками религиозно-философской и общественно-политической публицистики Л. Н. Толстого в 1880‑е гг. Вначале Толстой делился планами о произведении на религиозно-философскую тематику со своими корреспондентами, одновременно в частных беседах высказывая мысли о несовершенстве современного общественно-государственного устройства. Таким образом он способствовал распространению слухов о своих творческих планах и привлекал внимание публики. Толстой сознательно пошел на конфликт с духовной цензурой, справедливо полагая, что цензурный запрет будет способствовать росту читательского интереса. Бесцензурное распространение статей Л. Н. Толстого затрудняло обсуждение его произведений в периодической печати. Дополнительным фактором стал перевод и издание произведений Толстого за рубежом. Внезапная международная известность Толстого, отзывы зарубежных авторов о его произведениях, визиты к нему иностранных корреспондентов не имели прецедентов в истории русской словесности и произвели большой эффект в общественном мнении. Отношение современников к публицистике Толстого было двойственным. Некоторые считали, что писатель специально создает атмосферу скандала для привлечения внимания, другие же видели в этом пример добросовестного заблуждения гениального писателя и надеялись на возвращение Толстого к художественному творчеству.

The article deals with perception of Leo Tolstoy’s religious-philosophical and socio-political works by his contemporaries in the 1880s. Tolstoy started sharing his plans concerning his religious-political work with reporters by correspondence. At the same time in his private discussions, he spoke out some ideas of imperfection of the contemporary social and state system. Thus, Tolstoy helped spread rumors of his creative plans and attracted attention of the society. He consciously triggered the conflict with the ecclesiastic censorship, rightly assuming that the effect of censorship ban would promote the growth of public interest to his writings. The spread of Tolstoy’s articles, bypassing the censorship, made it difficult to discuss his works in legal periodicals. On top of that, Tolstoy’s novels and papers were translated and published abroad. Tolstoy’s sudden international fame, reviews of his works by foreign authors and visits of foreign reporters to his place had no precedents in the history of Russian literature, and greatly affected the public opinion. The contemporaries’ perception of Tolstoy’s writings was ambivalent. Some considered the writer was deliberately creating an atmosphere of scandal in order to draw attention, while others viewed that as example of the genius’ bona fide delusion and hoped for Tolstoy’s return to fiction writing.
The Image of Emperor John I Tzimiskes (969–976) in Anna Comnena’s Narrative: a Myth or a Fruit of Collective Memory?
Authors: Митрофанов А.Ю.
Published: September 2024

В статье исследуется образ византийского императора Иоанна I Цимисхия (969–976) в произведении принцессы Анны Комниной (в «Алексиаде»). Автор рассматривает литературный образ Цимисхия как плод исторического предания, сложившегося в военной византийской аристократии, и сопоставляет его с реальным историческим Цимисхием. Автор приходит к выводу, что образ Цимисхия, созданный Анной Комниной, носил полемический характер и был изначально направлен против придворной пропаганды императора Никифора III Вотаниата (1078–1081).

The article examines the image of the Byzantine Emperor John I Tzimisces (969–976) in the work of Princess Anna Komnena (in the “Alexiad”). The literary image of Tzimisces is considered as the fruit of historical tradition developed in the military Byzantine aristocracy, and is compared with the real historical Tzimisces. It is concluded that the image of Tzimiskes created by Anna Komnena was polemical in nature and was initially directed against the court propaganda of Emperor Nikephoros III Botaniates (1078–1081).
Public Procurement in Local Government: A Tool for Good Governance, Value Creation, and Sustainable Development
Authors:   Department of Accounting, Babcock University, Ilisan-Remo, Ogun State, Nigeria., Augustine ADEKOYA, Adesanya
Published: September 2024

Worldwide, government adopts various methods and strategies for Good Governance (GG), Value Creation (VC) and Sustainable Development (SD) in public sector. One of such methods is Public Procurement (PP), a strategic instrument for public policy initiatives and a tool to stimulate GG, VC, SD, economic growth, and competitive markets. However, in Local Government (LG), PP process is often exposed to fraudulent activities, mistrust, non-competitive, non-transparent and non-accountable or politicized, these hampered GG, VC, and SD. It is against this background, that the study examined PP fundamental principles, mechanism for effective operation, essentials steps for LG PP process, and using fundamental principles as moderating variables in PP process to achieve GG, VC and SD. The study employed exploratory research design. Consequently, the study concluded that PP is a strategic tool to achieve GG, VC and SD in LG. Besides, the moderating variables of PP process in LG is not only prerequisite for GG, VC and SD but a means to guarantee integrity, fair pricing standard, trust, widening SMEs participation, and also to solve societal and climatic problems prevailing at the LG areas. Therefore, the study recommends that LG should have financial, administrative, and political autonomy to drive procurement policy for GG, VC, SD, and societal sustainability. Additionally, professionalizing and adoption of E-procurement in LG will ensure efficient service delivery and seamless procurement process. Furthermore, procurement officials should exhibit efficiency, transparency, accountability and probity in procurement process to avoid bureaucracy and corrupt practices pertinent to award of contract and payment.
Individual Entrepreneurial Orientation (IEO): The Case of TEVET Institutions in Zambia
Authors:   Doctor of Business Administration (DBA) Candidate, ZCAS University, Lusaka, Zambia, Libingi Kaluwe Petros , Bbenkele Prof. Edwin ,   Acting Vice-Chancellor, ZCAS University, Lusaka, Zambia
Published: September 2024

This review article examines the impact of Entrepreneurship Education programs (EEP) on Individual Entrepreneurial Orientation (IEO) within Technical Education Vocational and Entrepreneurship Training (TEVET) institutions in Zambia. By synthesizing findings from existing literature, the article provides a comprehensive understanding of how EEP influences entrepreneurial behaviors among vocational students. Key dimensions of IEO affected by EEP, including innovativeness, risk-taking, proactiveness, autonomy, and competitive aggressiveness, are explored. The review discusses various pedagogical approaches used in EEP, highlights the challenges faced in delivering effective EEP, and identifies opportunities for improvement. The article concludes with recommendations for policymakers and educators to enhance the effectiveness of EEP in fostering entrepreneurial mindsets, thereby contributing to Zambia's economic development goals.
Léxico do ódio e a produção de memes: um estudo à luz da Linguística Cognitiva
Authors: Silva João Victhor Alves da , Carmo Crysna Bomjardim da Silva
Published: September 2024

Este estudo objetiva discutir a função dos itens lexicais pejorativos referentes aos partidos e/ou políticos de esquerda na criação de memes que alimentam o discurso de ódio na cena política brasileira. Para tanto, cumpre o seguinte percurso: (i) identifica os itens lexicais que recuperam anafórica e pejorativamente partidos e/ou políticos de esquerda; (ii) captura memes cuja construção partem desses itens lexicais em foco; por fim, (iii) explicita as operações cognitivas envolvidas na criação de memes, tendo em vista os insumos advindos dos itens lexicais pejorativos referentes aos partidos e/ou políticos de esquerda. Como orientação teórica, este estudo reúne os trabalhos sobre Discurso de Ódio (Schäfer, Leivas e Santos, 2015), Memificação do ódio (Solano, 2018), Linguística Cognitiva (Chiavegatto, 2009; Salomão, 1999; Miranda, 1999), Semântica de Frames (Filmore, 1977; Ferrari, 2013); Léxico (Antunes, 2012; Laroca, 2003) e Meme (Marcuschi, 2002, 2008; Costa, 2005; Candido; Gomes, 2015). Como orientação metodológica, adota-se os princípios da Linguística de Corpus (Sardinha, 2000). Os dados para a compilação do corpus são extraídos da obra O País dos Petralhas (Azevedo, 2008). Os resultados apontam para o Macroframe POLÍTICA como orientador do corpus. Para a construção do discurso de ódio, uma das estratégias encontradas foi a criação de neologismos para identificas agentes políticos de Esquerda. Em ordem de frequência, temos: petralha, esquerdopata, petralhantra, petralhotário, petralhada, esquerdofrênico, esquerdiota. Para a produção de memes, na Internet destaca-se os termos petralha e esquerdopata. Cabe salientar que, tanto o discurso de ódio quanto o processo de memificação do ódio, partem do signo linguístico, sendo assim, os estudos da linguagem humana tem papel fundamental na identificação e funcionamento dessas estratégias. Logo, precisamos estar atentos, haja vista a defesa de uma arena pública mais segura para todos.
discurso realista em dois contos de Machado de Assis e Guy de Maupassant
Authors: Bezerra Larissa Ingrid Pinheiro de França , Pontes Newton de Castro
Published: September 2024

Este artigo analisa contos de dois autores pertencentes à tradição da literatura realista, Machado de Assis e Guy de Maupassant. Analisamos como o discurso realista aparece nas obras dos dois ficcionistas por meio de uma perspectiva comparada e da observação do realismo formal no conto do século XIX. Nesse sentido, a partir de O caso da vara, de Machado de Assis, e Bola de Sebo, de Guy de Maupassant, buscamos tratar de como o discurso realista aparece em ambos os contos a partir de conceitos como apadrinhamento e decoro, e como eles evidenciam questões sinuosas das relações sociais e revelam a condição humana com ironia e mordacidade. Assim, mesmo os autores pertencendo a culturas literárias distintas (brasileira, em Machado, e francesa, em Maupassant), cada um, à sua maneira, desnuda a realidade e mostra uma situação por meio da ótica de classes subalternizadas e silenciadas.
Mitochondrial DNA markers as taxonomic characters and evidence of independent evolution in leaf-cutting ants genera
Authors:   , Ndubuisi Perpetua Onyinyechi
Published: September 2024

Ants are among the most ecologically successful insects due to their diversity and occurrence in diverse habitats and terrestrial ecosystems. Ants manifest a diversity of biological attributes and ecological functions from soil modification, participation in nutrient cycling and diversity of biological interactions. In the Neotropics, fungus-growing ants stand out, establishing a symbiotic relationship with Basidiomycete fungi that are maintained, nourished and consumed by these ants. Fungi, on the other hand, receive protection, nutrition and are dispersed together with them. More than 200 species are known and occur from the southern United States to Argentina, with the exception of Chile. The most conspicuous and considered herbivores in the Neotropics are the leaf-cutting ants, which stand out because they exclusively use fresh cut plant material to nourish the symbiotic fungus. Two genera brought together more than 52 species and another 22 subspecies called Atta and Acromyrmex. However, some species did not fit the morphological descriptions of the two genera and were relocated to a new genus called Amoimyrmex. Furthermore, cytogenetic, and molecular data showed such taxonomic modification. However, there are still discussions about whether to keep the three genres or combine them into one. Here, we compare a segment of the mitochondrial genome that includes DNA barcode with the aim of evaluating whether structural molecular traits from molecular sequences can be used in an integrative taxonomic approach. In this study we evaluated the mitochondrial sequence of cytochrome oxidase 1 – tRNA Leucine – Cytochrome oxidase 2 of leaf-cutter ant species obtained from GenBank. In our comparative analysis we found that several molecular traits corroborate each of the leaf- cutter ant genera, such as shared insertions and deletions in the terminal portion of the genes, variation in the size of gene spacers and tRNALeu. Such data are taxonomically informative and can be used in an integrative taxonomic approach. Keywords: Ants. Mitochondrial genome. Leafcutter-ants. Molecular markers.
Fatores associados à resistência à insulina e práticas alimentares de mulheres com obesidade em Viçosa – MG
Authors:   , Marinho Bruna Laiza Silva
Published: September 2024

Introdução: A obesidade é uma doença crônica, progressiva e de múltiplos fatores e está diretamente relacionada a alterações nas funções endócrinas e metabólicas do tecido adiposo. Dentre as complicações está a existência da resistência à insulina, que pode ser medida de maneira mais acessível na prática clínica pelo índice tyg, que tem a capacidade de análise melhor da resistência à insulina do que o Homeostasis Model Assessment (HOMA-IR). A obesidade também tem como característica o consumo inadequado de alimentos, práticas alimentares incorretas e estilo de vida não saudável. Objetivo: Avaliar os fatores associados à resistência à insulina e às práticas alimentares em mulheres com obesidade em Viçosa - MG. Metodologia:Trata-se de um estudo observacional, individual, analítico, de corte transversal, para o qual foram recrutadas mulheres adultas, com Índice de Massa Corporal (IMC) ≥ 30 kg/m2. Foram coletadas variáveis sociodemográficas (idade, situação conjugal, renda, escolaridade); variáveis antropométricas (circunferência da cintura, circunferência do quadril, circunferência do pescoço, peso, estatura e IMC) e variáveis bioquímicas (hemoglobina glicada, glicemia de jejum, insulina, triglicerídeos, colesterol HDL, colesterol LDL, colesterol total, proteína C- Reativa, ácido úrico, hemograma completo dentre outros parâmetros). Para determinação das práticas alimentares das mulheres foi utilizado uma escala validada e embasada no Guia Alimentar para a população Brasileira, que considera quatro dimensões (planejamento, organização doméstica, escolha dos alimentos e modos de comer). Os itens da escala foram somados e posteriormente classificados em “Atenção” até 31 pontos, “Siga em frente” de 32 a 41 pontos e “Excelente” acima de 42 pontos. Já para determinação da composição corporal foi utilizado o DXA (absortometria de raios X de dupla energia). As análises foram realizadas com o software SPSS versão 23. Palavras-chave: Mulheres; Obesidade; Resistência à insulina; Índice TyG; VLDL; HOMA IR; Gordura Andróide; Guia Alimentar para População Brasileira.
Taxonomia de Peleciini e morfologia comparada do metendosternito em Harpalinae (Coleoptera: Carabidae)
Authors:   , Araujo Artur Orsetti Silva
Published: September 2024

Harpalinae é a subfamília mais diversa dentro de Carabidae, com aproximadamente 20.000 espécies descritas, agrupadas em 50 tribos. Os besouros harpalíneos exibem uma grande diversidade morfológica, a maioria das espécies é de predadores solitários, mas há espécies em que os indivíduos possuem outros hábitos alimentares. Eles podem ser encontrados em todo o globo e em hábitats como dossel de árvores, cavernas, terrenos arenosos ou lamacentos, ou próximos de corpos d’água. A monofilia de Harpalinae é confirmada por características morfológicas e moleculares, mas permanecem dúvidas sobre as relações filogenéticas internas da subfamília, especialmente das tribos Chlaeini, Oodini, Panagaeini e Peleciini. Destas, Peleciini é de especial interesse por ser predominantemente neotropical e por ser pouco ou mal representada em estudos filogenéticos. Estudos em metendosternitos de coleópteros são escassos na literatura científica. Mesmo com potencial filogenético, tais estudos são inexistentes em Carabidae. O mentendosternito é formado pela invaginação do metasterno verdadeiro e serve como fixação para vários músculos. Como contribuição à sistemática de Harpalinae, a presente tese fornece avanços no conhecimento dos Peleciini e no estudo comparativo do metendosternito na subfamília. No Capítulo I descrevemos nove espécies novas de Pelecium Kirby, fornecemos novos registros de distribuição e descrições de terminália abdominal para outras doze espécies, atualizamos e modificamos a chave taxonômica de Straneo & Ball (1989) e fornecemos imagens dorsais e das etiquetas de 29 tipos para os quais só existiam ilustrações e transcrições parciais na literatura. No Capítulo II fornecemos uma ilustração do metendosternito de Harpalinae para ajudar na compreensão de suas partes, delimitamos 12 caracteres morfológicos baseados no metendosternito, um sistema morfológico pouco explorado e comparamos com os resultados filogenéticos de outros autores. Palavras-chave: Caracteres; Filogenia; Metendosternito; Morfologia comparada; Peleciini.
CODE-SWITCHING IN DIALOGUES AMONG YOUNG INDIVIDUALS FROM KAZAKHSTAN
Authors: Myrzabek Aidos , Amangazina Aizhan , Moldagalina Ingkar
Published: September 2024

This research investigates the varieties and communicative purposes of code-switching (CS) among the youth demographic in Kazakhstan. Centered around specific research questions, the researchers investigate the complex dynamics of CS within Kazakhstan's bilingual environment. Four young individuals studying abroad participated in a focus group interview, and the results showed a range of code-switching occurrences, from intra-sentential to tag-switching, and differing levels of ability to switch codes. There are various reasons why people switch codes, such as habit or choosing the best language for a conversation. Findings were discussed with a focus on the expressive and referential functions observed among young Kazakh adults. The comfort level of speakers in a given language and audience familiarity are factors that affect codeswitching. The paper acknowledges its limits and proposes directions for future investigation,  promoting the examination of other factors that may impact code switching among young Kazakh adults.
Factors associated with the development of post-traumatic pain in patients at risk of post-traumatic osteoarthritis
Authors: Bialik Anastasia A. , Karateev Andrey E. , Makarov Maxim A. , Nesterenko Vadim A. , Bialik Valerii E.
Published: September 2024

The aim of the study – to identify the factors associated with the development of chronic post-traumatic pain (CPTP) in patients with knee joint (KJ) injury.

Materials and methods. The study group consisted of 136 patients (51.5% women, age 38.7±12.4 years) who suffered a KJ injury with damage to the anterior cruciate ligament and/or menisci. The inclusion criterion was the presence of pain in KJ ≥4 on a numerical rating scale (NRS 0–10) for at least 1 month after injury. Surgical intervention (plastic surgery of the anterior cruciate ligament, meniscus suture, meniscus resection, combined operations) was performed immediately after injury in 48.5% of patients. The incidence of CPTP was assessed (persistence of pain during movement ≥4 on NRS after 3 and 6 months of follow-up) and factors related to the development of CPTP. All patients were recommended to use orthoses of KJ, physical therapy and taking nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in the “on-demand” mode. Results. CPTP was detected after 3 months in 33.1%, and after 6 months in 32.4% of patients. Surgical treatment did not affect the development of CPTP: odds ratio (OR) – 1.241, 95% confidence interval (95% CI): 0.775–1.986 (p=0.474). The risk of CPTP after 6 months was statistically significantly higher in women, persons with a high body mass index (≥30 kg/m2), initially severe pain (≥7 on NRS), in the presence of initial signs of depression and anxiety (HADS (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale) ≥8) and highly probable central sensitization (CSI (Central Sensitization Inventory) ≥40): OR=2,152, 95% CI: 1,383–3,348 (p=0,002); OR=1,243, 95% CI: 1,054–1,465 (p=0,05); OR=3,567, 95% CI: 1,717–5,708 (p=0,001); OR=2,330, 95% CI: 1,070–5,726 (p=0.0044); OR=2,446, 95% CI: 1,220–4,905 (p=0,016); OR=2,584, 95% CI: 1,101–8,133 (p=0.043), respectively.