bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
El páramo de Santurbán: reinvención de un territorio a partir de la reapropiación de lo común
Authors: Acevedo Tarazona Álvaro , Correa Lugos Andrés , Mejía Jerez Andrea
Published: April 2024

Introducción: Desde el año 2010 el páramo de Santurbán es motivo de conflictos entre distintos sectores de la sociedad. El proyecto de megaminería encabezado por la empresa multinacional Greystar Resources Ltd, acarrea tensiones entre la población urbana y rural frente a las decisiones del Estado colombiano. El resultado de dichas tensiones son movilizaciones sociales que involucran distintos colectivos, la sociedad civil y los lugareños que problematizan sobre el territorio y el uso de los bienes comunes. Objetivo: El objetivo de este artículo es presentar los resultados investigativos frente a la construcción de representaciones del territorio como centro de preocupaciones comunes modeladas a partir de perspectivas e intereses distintos de habitantes de la antigua provincia de Soto, en el departamento de Santander y la población del área urbana en Bucaramanga. Método: Para rastrear la trazabilidad de dichas representaciones se recurre a la revisión documental de prensa y a la realización de entrevistas semiestructuradas a habitantes de los municipios de Vetas y California, así como a defensores ambientales del Área Metropolitana de Bucaramanga; también al análisis de la posición estatal. Resultado: Se evidencia un cambio en la relación de las personas con lo común en medio de la globalización y las políticas estatales. Son evidentes la necesidad del agua para los habitantes del Área Metropolitana de Bucaramanga, de la minería para los pobladores de los municipios cercanos al páramo de Santurbán y de la explotación aurífera a gran escala por parte del Estado colombiano y multinacionales. Conclusión: Si bien el proyecto de megaminería a cielo abierto en el páramo de Santurbán fue retirado, aún está en debate el uso de las riquezas auríferas que interesan a empresas mineras y lugareños. Frente a esta coyuntura las expresiones de protesta de los años 2010 y 2011 permiten construir significad
PUBLIC-PRIVATE PARTNERSHIP MODEL TO MANAGE COASTAL TOURISM IN INDONESIA: CAN IT IMPROVE THE COMMUNITY WELFARE?
Authors:   State University of Malang, Untari Sri
Published: April 2024

The public-private partnership and local communities play an important role in the development of coastal tourism. The welfare of coastal communities depends on the synergy of the partnership built. The study aimed to determine (1) the management of coastal tourism by public-private partnerships and local communities, (2) the balance between the public-private partnerships and local communities in coastal tourism management, and (3) the contribution of coastal tourism management to community welfare. A mixed method approach was used in the research. Data were collected through in-depth interviews, observations, semi-open questionnaires, and documentation. The results showed that the management of coastal tourism developed through a public-private partnership between private institutions, regional governments, and community groups was properly implemented. The balance of partnerships between the Forest Village Community Organization (Lembaga Masyarakat Desa Hutan), Tourism Awareness Group (Kelompok Sadar Wisata or POKDARWIS), and local communities was well implemented in many community activities around the tourism area. The public-private partnership established with a mutually beneficial agreement was able to improve the community welfare.
A Study on Durability and Microstructural Analysis for Macro Synthetic Fiber Reinforced Concrete with Supplementary Cementitious Materials
Authors:   Research Scholar, Department of Civil Engineering, Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University, Anantapur (JNTUA), Ananthapuramu, 515002, Andhra Pradesh, India, Reddy M Venkata Maheswara , Krishnaiah S
Published: April 2024

Background: Thermal cracking, delayed ettringite production and low tensile strength are three significant problems for high-strength concrete. Objectives: The current experimental study aims to determine the durability characteristics of concrete for application in pavements. To test how well the M40 grade of concrete absorbed chloride and water, the amounts of Supplementary Cementitious Materials (SCM) like Granulated Blast-Furnace Slag (GBFS) and fixed amounts of Fly Ash (FA) and Macro Synthetic Fiber (MSF) were optimized. Methods: One sample (S1) was made entirely of Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) and five samples (S2, S3, S4, S5, and S6) made simply of SCMs, in which OPC was substituted with 20% FA+20% GBFS+1.5% MSF, 20% FA+25% GBFS+1.5% MSF, 20% FA+30% GBFS+1.5% MSF, 20% FA+35% GBFS+1.5% MSF, and 20% FA+40% GBFS+1.5% MSF, respectively, were cast in standard blocks with a volume of one cubic meter for this purpose. Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM), Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), and X-ray Diffraction (XRD) investigations are used to examine the number of hydration products created at 28 days, which differ for different percentages of SCMs. Findings: Furthermore, 501, 520, 535, 565, and 590 coulombs are the measured Rapid Chloride Permeability Test (RCPT) values for the S2 to S6 samples. Similarly, the S1 sample is projected to have more than 2600 coulombs, showing a better endurance of samples based on SCMs. The microstructural characterization findings (i.e., XRD, FTIR and FESEM) suggested that GBFS and FA are promising SCMs for enhancing the strength and durability properties of the mix. Novelty and applications: This study validates the viability of using GBFS, FA, and MSF in pavement applications, yielding noteworthy environmental advantages and lowering dependency on OPC. Keywords: Durability, Microstructural investigation, Macro synthetic fiber, Fly ash, Granulated blast furnace slag, Pavements
Spinal cord epidural stimulation to control bladderin spinal cord injury patients v2
Authors: Medina Aguinaga Daniel , N. Herrity April
Published: April 2024

Aim was to investigate the effects of spinal cord epidural stimulation (scES) to improve bladder storage and emptying, 8 individuals (32.1 ± 4.6 years of age; 7 males, 1 female) with motor complete spinal cord injury (SCI) (average time since injury at 9.1 ± 2.5 years at C3-T2 spinal cord level) 7 previously implanted with a 16-electrode array (5–6–5 Specify, Medtronic, Minneapolis, MN, USA.) at the T11–L1 vertebral levels over spinal cord segments L1–S1 ant the newly implanted patient at L2-S2 (Initial time frame of enrollment in this study following implant surgery of 3.3 ± 2.8 years) and one implated for this protocol (24days before the initial training), and connected to the pulse generator (Restore ADVANCED (B21, B23), or Intellis (A101, A96, A68, B24, B07), Medtronic, Minneapolis, MN) placed ventrally in the abdomen, participated in a research study conducted at the University of Louisville. Following enrollment, each participant completed a baseline Urodynamics without stimulation, followed by approximately 8 weeks of bladder mapping. Each participant completed a minimum of 20 urodynamic sessions (10 for storage; 10 for void initiation) mapping the detrusor and urethral pressure responses as well as sphincter EMG responses during both filling and emptying cystometry phases while scES parameters (anode, cathode selection; frequency and amplitude, and the number of cohorts) were modulated to isolate successful configurations. The goal for bladder capacity (BC)-scES was to target volumes between 400–500 mL based on average normal capacity and avoiding over-distention in those individuals performing intermittent catheterization 4–6 times/day (including average fluid intake). Also targeted were filling pressures (< 10 cmH20) to improve overall bladder compliance and detrusor leak-point pressures (< 40 cmH2O). For the newly implanted patient, it was aimed that the participant exclusively employ scES for bladder management rather than intermittent catheterization. Maintaining normative systolic pressures during filling, within a range of 110–120 mmHg, was a further goal. All enrolled participants completed prior scES mapping studies for cardiovascular function and thus, the cardiovascular cohort was integrated if blood pressure (BP) was elevated. All simulations accounted for any cardiovascular cohorts.
Protocols for Mountain-based Ecotourism Project v1
Authors: Manalese Jayden
Published: April 2024

The mountains and valleys amongst French Polynesia have historically held a sacred role in polynesian culture and society, however the (eco) tourism industry primarily generates its income from marine and coastal-based ecosystems. The goal of this research project is to develop a mountain-based ecotourism attraction on the island of Moorea and evaluate the impacts from this development on the local communities and economy. As mountain-based attractions such as mountain biking, rock climbing, ziplining, and hiking continue to gain popularity amongst eager to travel thrill seekers around the world, Moorea, with its vast mountains, dense rainforests, grand valleys, rushing waterfalls, and exhilarating ridgelines, makes it a strong contender for attracting and bringing in foreign investments through ecotourism, that will ultimately go back to supporting local communities.
Measuring Financial Inclusion in the MENA Region: Comparative Analysis
Authors:   People & Global Business Association, f f
Published: April 2024

Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to develop a new multidimensional financial inclusion index to measure the financial inclusion level for each of the 13 selected countries of the Middle East and North Africa region for the period 2004-2020. In addition, the comparative analysis approach encompasses the evolvement of financial inclusion for each country in the time period studied.
Design/methodology/approach: This study builds onto Sarma's (2012) approach for measuring financial inclusion by forming a new and improved model including the depth dimension and new variables. The computed values are based on data on financial inclusion extracted from the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund, the Financial Access Survey database.
Findings: The values of the new financial inclusion index reveal the inadequate efforts made by these countries to enhance financial inclusion as a way to improve the economic /income growth in the region.
Research limitations/implications: This study has two limitations. The unavailability of data for some financial indicators made it inevitable to be included in the study, such as the digital banking. Such data is considered crucial for future studies on financial inclusion indexes. The other limitation is that some countries in the Middle East and North Africa region were excluded from this research due to the lack of data on some of the variables included in constructing and measuring the new index. Despite these limitation, policy-makers and central banks can benefit from this study to enhance financial inclusion practices in pursuit of economic /income growth.
Originality/value: This study attempts to develop a new multidimensional index to measuring financial inclusion by including a new dimension/variables and analyzing the values.
Comparison of Interatomic Potentials for Modeling Defects in Graphene Using Molecular Dynamics
Authors:   ITMO University, Russia, Rozhkov M.A. , Kolesnikova A.L. ,   ITMO University, Russia,   Institute for Problems in Mechanical Engineering RAS, Russia, Romanov A.E. ,   ITMO University, Russia,   Togliatti State University, Russia
Published: April 2024

In this work, we tested the ability of classical interatomic potentials to describe the energy characteristics of defects of various dimensionality in graphene crystals. Brenner's Reactive Empirical Bond Order potentials (second generation REBO, AIREBO, AIREBO-M), Tersoff potentials, as well as BOP and LCBOP potentials were considered. The data obtained in this work using the molecular dynamics method was compared with literature data obtained using the density functional theory. It is noted that when modeling point and linear defects, the potentials of the REBO family and the LCBOP potential demonstrate the best agreement with the literature data. For modeling pseudo-graphene crystals, the best fit is demonstrated by the Tersoff B-N-C potential, which shows slightly overestimated energy values for linear and point defects, but most accurately describes the geometry of the crystal lattice. The potential of BOP demonstrates its inability to correctly model defect configurations with high densities of eight-member defect rings. When simulating four-member carbon defect rings, most potentials exhibit distortions in the crystal lattice that are not observed in the density functional theory calculations.
Site-Specific Ground-Motion Waveform Generation Using a Conditional Generative Adversarial Network and Generalized Inversion Technique
Authors: Yamaguchi Junki , Tomozawa Yusuke , Saka Toshihide
Published: April 2024

Accurate ground-motion simulations are essential for seismic hazard assessments and engineering practices. Herein, we propose a novel method combining conditional generative adversarial networks (cGANs) and the generalized inversion technique (GIT) to generate site-specific and variability-controlled strong-motion seismograms. The cGANs calculate synthetic seismogram without amplitude scales. The GIT is to separate the source, path, and site characteristics from the Fourier amplitude spectrum (FAS) of the observed seismograms. This method is applied to plate boundary earthquakes off the Pacific coast of Tohoku, Japan. It successfully generates a set of strong-motion seismograms at a given magnitude, distance, and observation station. The output waveforms reproduce the P and S waves as well as coda waves. We validate the method through a quantitative comparison with observed seismograms in terms of both time-domain duration and frequency-domain amplitude characteristics, using metrics of peak ground acceleration (PGA), peak ground velocity, FASs, response spectra, and waveform duration time. The validation results show that the variation in the PGA of the observed seismograms and the synthetic seismograms has a standard deviation of 0.643, and the duration of the seismograms has a standard deviation of 0.346, comparable to the standard deviations seen in the previous studies. Our approach offers high accuracy in stochastic finite-source modeling for a period of 1 s or shorter. The two features of the method, site-specificity and variability control, can contribute to further improvements in seismic hazard assessment by incorporating empirical information based on observed seismograms.
Düşünen Sınıf Materyalleri İle Desteklenmiş Cebir Öğretiminin Ortaokul Öğrencilerinin Problem Kurma Performanslarına Etkisi
Authors: Kara Elif , Kılıç Çiğdem
Published: April 2024

Bu çalışmanın amacı düşünen sınıf materyalleriyle desteklenmiş cebir öğretiminin ortaokul öğrencilerinin problem kurma performanslarına etkisini incelemektir. Bu araştırma, nicel ve nitel veri toplama süreçlerinin birlikte kullanıldığı sıralı açıklayıcı karma desende yürütülmüştür. Sıralı açıklayıcı karma desen ile yürütülen bu çalışmada yarı deneysel desene göre cebir öğretimi yapılmış ve sonrasında yarı yapılandırılmış görüşmeler yapılmıştır. 2021-2022 eğitim öğretim yılının birinci döneminde yedi hafta boyunca gerçekleştirilen çalışmanın katılımcılarını İstanbul ili Pendik ilçesinde bir devlet ortaokulunda okuyan 60 ortaokul 7. sınıf öğrencisi oluşturmaktadır. Araştırmada, araştırmacı tarafından hazırlanan 6 maddeden oluşan Problem Kurma Testi (PKT) ve yarı yapılandırılmış görüşme formu kullanılarak veriler toplanmıştır. Araştırma sonucunda deney grubundaki öğrencilerle yürütülen “düşünen sınıf materyalleri ile desteklenmiş cebir öğretiminin” öğrencilerin problem kurma performanslarını arttırmada etkili bir yöntem olduğu sonucu elde edilmiştir. Yapılan görüşmelere ait bulgulardan uygulanan yöntemin öğrencilerin problem kurma performanslarını arttırdığı, derse aktif katılımlarını sağladığı, akran öğrenmesini destekleyerek işbirlikli öğrenmeyi desteklediği, matematiksel düşünme becerisi kazandırarak ayrıntılı öğrenmeye olanak tanıdığı sonuçlarına ulaşılmıştır.
Tax Relief for Working Seniors as an Incentive to Remain Professionally Active – the Case of Poland
Authors: Dada Anna
Published: April 2024

Theoretical background: The article draws attention to the issue of tax relief offered to working seniors as one of the elements of the competitiveness of the Polish tax system. The usefulness of the tax relief in terms of motivating professional activity was assessed. The article fills a gap in the adopted research area as currently there is a lack of comprehensive research on the consequences of the introduced tax relief. It contributes to understanding the premises and the importance of applying for the tax relief, which can be useful for seniors and other people interested in the subject. Purpose of the article: The aim of the article is to assess whether the tax relief offered to working seniors provides tax and contribution benefits as an incentive for them to remain professionally active. Research methods: The main research method is a case study. The analysis was carried out on the example of a senior whose income is earned based on employment contract or business activity. The article also uses the method of source analysis (literature, legal acts) and inductive inference. Main findings: The case study gives a negative answer to the research question. It cannot be unequivocally considered that the tax relief is a significant incentive to remain professionally active. In terms of the employment contract, the relief can motivate to remain professionally active only those who at the same time, for a long period of time, resign from their pensions, and especially those receiving low benefits. Similar conclusions apply to seniors running their businesses.
Post-COVID-19 Electric Vehicle Market in Poland: Economic-Based Determinants
Authors: Daniel Marcin
Published: April 2024

Theoretical background: The theory of rational consumer choice significantly impacts the shape of the contemporary car market, which constitutes an essential part of the automotive industry and the national economy and has a considerable influence on the behavior of individuals. In the context of the car market, consumers’ decision-making process is subject to several factors, particularly in light of the EU’s initiative to transition the automotive industry towards zero emission solutions. Furthermore, this implies potential changes in the degree of impact on the course of transformation, adoption rate, and economic growth through network effects. Recent years have witnessed changes in various critical factors, alongside the emergence of new factors, which could significantly impact the competitiveness of electric vehicles in relation to internal combustion vehicles. Purpose of the article: The article aims to examine the current condition of the Polish car market in the post-COVID-19 period with particular emphasis on the electric vehicle market and indicate its present shape in comparison to the market of conventional vehicles from the supply perspective. Also, it attempts to identify and define the most critical factors that influenced the development of the market and their role in the coming years. Identifying and categorizing the most critical factors will allow us to indicate the current weaknesses of the zero-emission vehicle market. This may allow for more efficient identification and solving of problems standing in the way of its development. Research methods: In order to realize the goals of the research, several methods were used: a critical analysis of the literature on the subject; a quantitative analysis of statistical data was used along with qualitative research to examine the factors that impacted the car market in Poland. As a result, a network of categories describing the associations between factors and their effects on the researched topic was identified and studied. Main findings: Examination of Poland’s electric vehicle market reveals a complex interplay of variables across market. The identified combined factors impede mass adoption of battery electric vehicles, resulting in dynamic yet relatively insignificant annual percentage changes in market growth within the overall passenger vehicle market. The problems focus on governmental, economic and social factors, but also on very important technological and ecological factors, questioning in some cases the current form of electromobility on the Polish market.
Sources of Financial Flexibility and Investment Activity in Family Farms in Poland
Authors: Bereżnicka Joanna
Published: April 2024

Theoretical background: Financial flexibility is a manifestation of the ability to finance investments resulting from the need. The sources of flexibility may be different. These are own money (savings) and financial leverage. The approach to investments is not clear, because they are understood in very different ways and have a diverse nature. Research shows that the higher the financial flexibility, the greater the investment opportunities and the greater the investment activity. Purpose of the article: The aim of the research was to identify investment activity in entities such as family farms, in groups separated according to financial flexibility, and to identify factors that influence the amount of investment expenditure. The idea was to indicate whether this process involves periods of increased activity or is rather a continuous process, how this process takes place in separate groups, and which sources of flexibility are most important for meeting the needs of farmers. Research methods: The research covered approximately 12,000 family farms. Financial flexibility groups were separated based on cash resources and the level of financial leverage. There are 4 groups: HC_HL (highly flexible), HC_LL, LC_HL, LC_LL (lowly flexible). The work uses comparative analysis and panel methods (estimation by weighted averages). Main findings: The research showed that investment activities were carried out with varying intensity at intervals depending on financial flexibility. In groups with greater flexibility, they were more cyclical (there were periods of low activity), in groups with lower flexibility this process was continuous (no periods of a clear reduction in investment expenditure). The main factor that had a positive impact on investment outlays were financial flows from operating activities, but also financial leverage and cash, but only when farmers used credit at the same time. However, the factors that had a negative impact on investment activity were subsidies for investment activities (exception: HC_LL group) and the share of cash in assets. To sum up, it should be stated that credit, as a source of financial flexibility, is the driving force behind investment activities in Polish family farms.
Financial Standing of Selected Enterprises in the Polish Meat Industry – Original Research
Authors: Firlej Chrystian , Firlej Krzysztof Adam
Published: April 2024

Theoretical background: The present research is founded on three motives: (1) an analysis of the Polish meat industry from 2014 to 2022 considering development barriers in that period; (2) an analysis and assessment of the financial standing of selected enterprises in the meat industry from the WIG Food index; (3) verification of the effectiveness of the employed discriminant analysis models to predict bankruptcy of the companies of interest. Purpose of the article: The research objective was to assess the financial standing and the risk of bankruptcy of selected meat enterprises from the WIG Food index from 2014 to 2022. Research methods: Four multiple discriminant analysis models were employed to assess the potential risk of bankruptcy of the companies and verify their financial standing: Hadasik’s model, Model Z6 by the Institute of Economics of the Polish Academy of Sciences (INE PAN), Model Z7 by the INE PAN, and the so-called Poznań model. In an attempt to expand the analysis, we calculated the current ratio, which reflects the company’s ability to make payments with its current assets. The sample consists of Polish meat companies listed in the WIG Food index in all quarters of 2014–2022. Data for the analyses come from the annual accounts of the investigated organisations. The methods were supplemented with a literature search on multiple discriminant analysis. Main findings: The results demonstrate that the number of variables included in a discriminant analysis model does not determine its performance. The models can warn of potential financial problems in the companies somewhat in advance. However, none of the models exhibited any substantial sensitivity to the risk of bankruptcy for the analysed organisations. Two of the models (Z6 by the INE PAN and Z7 by the INE PAN) give very similar results because of significant design similarities. The research advances the state of the art regarding the application of multiple discriminant analysis to assess the risk of bankruptcy and financial standing of meat enterprises in Poland.
Revisión sistemática de las prácticas escriturales en el escenario educativo colombiano
Authors: Mahecha Ovalle Andrés
Published: April 2024

La escritura es una práctica central adelantada en las diversas áreas y situaciones del ámbito educativo. Este artículo identifica las prácticas escriturales acogidas por los maestros en su praxis pedagógica. Esta revisión sistemática es cualitativa con un alcance descriptivo y para el análisis de los manuscritos se utiliza el análisis de contenido. Los hallazgos evidencian que la escritura ocupa un papel fundamental en los diversos niveles de formación académica y su dominio representa una incursión efectiva en los géneros discursivos académicos. Un déficit en esta habilidad excluye a los estudiantes de una educación de calidad y, en algunas situaciones, ello genera deserción estudiantil y una formación desigual. Se concluye que la producción textual se concibe como un proceso inacabado que tiene tres momentos: planeación, redacción y revisión. Desde este proceso, se espera que los estudiantes aprendan a comunicarse según sus necesidades personales y académicas.
PREDICTION OF THE TEMPERATURE REGIME OF AN UNDERGROUND COLLECTOR IN A GEOTHERMAL CIRCULATION-BASED HEATING SYSTEM
Authors: Redko Andriy , Redko Oleksandr , Kahramanyan Artur , Batyuta Maksym , Krasnopolsky Denis
Published: April 2024

The results of a numerical study of the temperature regime of a geothermal  field formation are presented. A  mathematical model of the heat  exchange process between  geothermal  fluid and rock has been developed. The model of geothermal fluid movement consists of a system of continuity,  momentum, and energy equations. At the beginning of computer modeling, the geometry, system parameters, as well as initial and boundary conditions are defined. Water injection  technology  maintains reservoir pressure and high flow rates, but leads to a decrease in temperature in the aquifer. Reducing the temperature of the geothermal fluid is a crucial issue for long-term operation, the prediction of which is possible with the help of computer modeling. The cooling of the formation is determined by the position of the cooling front, which is defined by an isotherm with a temperature of 288 K. The solution has been obtained by computer modeling. It has been shown that the displacement of the formation cooling front is determined by the thermophysical properties of the rock formations, filtration rate, physical  properties of the geothermal fluid, and the temperature of the geothermal fluid supplied to the injection well. The relationship governing the  displacement of the formation cooling front has been obtained. The cooling of the formation depends on the  distance  between the production and injection wells of geothermal fluid and the  pressure drop in the formation. The significant influence of the flow rate of the wells has been shown. With a flow rate of 10 m3 /h over an  operating period of 7500 hours, the temperature of the geothermal fluid is predicted to decrease from 347 K to 338 K; with an increase in flow rate to 100 m3 /h, a decrease in temperature from 347 K to 325 K is possible. It has been shown that the cooling of the formation  mainly occurs in the horizontal plane. Comparison of obtained numerical data with known literature has been performed. Extending the operational lifespan is possible through the implementation of the periodic short-term operation-stop technology (a 10-year cycle, totaling 100 years). This technology allows for greater heat extraction compared to longer-term operation (a 50-year cycle, totaling 100 years).Additionally, increasing the distance between production and injection wells to 1000-1500 meters reduces cooling rates and prolongs the lifespan of the geothermal system. When forecasting the temperature regime of geothermal reservoirs, it is necessary to monitor and refine mathematical models with operational and well research data.
EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES OF THE INFLUENCE OF ELECTRICAL POTENTIALS ON CORROSION PROCESSES IN REINFORCED CONCRETE SLEEVES
Authors: Plugin Andrii , Murygin Maksim , Krykun Oksana , Nadzhafov Elshad , Zinchenko Vladyslava
Published: April 2024

Experimental studies of the influence of electric potentials on the intensity of  corrosion processes in reinforced  concrete structures of under-rail  foundations have been conducted.A research methodology has been  developed that involves the creation of these influences on models and the assessment of their consequences. The effects of capillary rise, evaporation, diffusion, crystallization of salts, electric potential have been created, and the impact of electric potential on the acceleration of transfer processes and manifestations of corrosion signs has been estimated.Models and experimental installations were made, research was conducted. The exposure of the models was carried out in an aqueous environment and in a sodium chloride solution without electrical influence (as a control) and under the influence of a pulsating unidirectional electric  potential of the PUEP. It was established that the current through the models decreases under the  influence of PUEP, and the specific electrical resistance of the models increases. PUEP accelerates the  penetration of ions into the model by 4.43 times, and also causes stronger manifestations of signs of  electrocorrosion of the armature. As a result of the exposure of the models without electrical influence in the water environment, weak corrosion of the armature outlets was noted, no  corrosion of the armature was  observed inside the model; in the sodium chloride solution, strong corrosion of the armature outlets and weak corrosion inside the model was observed. As a result of the influence  of  PUEP in the water environment, weak corrosion of the fittings was observed, inside the model, no  corrosion of the fittings was observed; in the sodium chloride solution, weak corrosion of the armature outlets and strong corrosion was observed inside the model. It has been confirmed that the influence of PUEP significantly accelerates the transfer of ions in concrete and intensifies the corrosion processes of reinforcement. Acceleration of ion transport should also accelerate corrosion processes in concrete, but it is advisable to conduct their research with longer exposure periods of models and with the use of physicochemical methods. Means of draining the currents flowing from the  rails through the sleepers were recommended and it was suggested to eliminate the armature discharges from their ends.
THE USE OF MOODLE E-LEARNING PLATFORM FOR THE EDUCATIONAL COMPONENT «VEHICLES»
Authors: Khitrov Ihor
Published: April 2024

Given the increasing use of course management systems as a teaching tool, it is important to pay attention to the potential of using educational technologies in higher education institutions. Whatever the reasons, most learning tools are currently underutilized in teaching and need to be studied and popularized more deeply among both teachers and students. It is thanks to its simple interface, responsive design, and ease of use that Moodle has been adopted by many universities and organizations around the world. The National University of Water and Environmental Engineering did not stand aside. Moodle is a universal educational platform for conducting face-to-face, practical and online classes that allows you to centrally manage the entire learning environment, which will increase the efficiency of work within the institution. For students, Moodle is a centralized platform for educational information that facilitates access to the necessary information and creates a better learning environment, ensuring close interaction between the teacher and the student. The study reveals the possibilities of using Moodle for the educational component «Vehicles» based on the results obtained and feedback from participants in the educational process in the context of the specialty «Transport Technologies». The content of the educational component «Vehicles» is carried out thematically in the relevant sections: educational program, syllabus, grading scale, lecture support, methodological support for laboratory work, laboratory work, recommendations for self-study, current module and final control, teaching materials, non-formal and informal education, etc. The study reflects the capabilities of Moodle’s functionality for course content, the use of various types of assessment, as well as monitoring students' progress in learning the material, and conducting surveys. The main goal is to improve the quality of learning through digital tools and methods, providing students with constant access to a variety of resources combined in one environment, promoting more effective learning and increasing interest in the course.
The USDA Food and Nutrition Summer Institute
Authors:   Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, Harris Ellen
Published: April 2024

More than ten years ago there were about 20 nutrition and dietetics programs at Historically Black Colleges and Universities (HBCUs) in the United States. Then and today the existing programs are small with limited professors and resources and only one offers a PhD in nutrition. I convened several nutritionists across the Federal Government to discuss how we might create a program to support and help strengthen these nutrition programs. After many years serving on technical review panels and providing technical assistance to HBCUs, I believed such a program would be useful.
The story of death: Africa's healthcare system
Authors:   Consultant Researcher, Kenya, Namwaya O , Oniang'o Ruth
Published: April 2024

The world naturally reacted with shock when, in February 2011, the Executive Director of UNICEF, the UN Children’s agency disclosed that Sierra Leone’s infant mortality rate stood at 270 deaths for every 100,000 children born. The crucial fact was, however, that Sierra Leone, indeed, has the highest child and maternal mortality rate in the world. Not surprisingly, this was directly attributed to malnutrition, harmful cultural practices and, more significantly, many years of under investment in health.
Nutrition and safe motherhood
Authors:   Great Lakes University of Kisumu, Kenya, Syagga EA
Published: April 2024

The health of mothers has long been acknowledged to be a cornerstone of public health and attention to unacceptably high level of maternal mortality has been a feature of global health and development discussions since the 1980s.Worldwide, nearly 600,000 women between the ages of 15 and 49 die every year as a result of complications arising from pregnancy and childbirth. The tragedy is that these women die, not from disease but during the normal, life-enhancing process of procreation. Most of these deaths could be avoided if preventive measures were taken and adequate care was available. Maternal mortality is defined as the death of a woman while pregnant or within 42 days of termination of pregnancy, irrespective of the duration and the site of the pregnancy, from any cause related to or aggravated by the pregnancy or its management, but not from accidental or incidental causes. Has it ever been considered that it is necessary for a woman to prepare for child birth from the time she is born? Why wait until a woman becomes pregnant in order to take precaution, when the damage had been done earlier in life? These are questions that need answers in order to improve the women’s reproductive health in totality. The deaths often have their roots in the life of the woman before the pregnancy or even before the woman's birth yet the emphasis has been on the immediate causes of death, mainly during pregnancy, labour or post-partum. In the developed countries there is the practice of pre-conception counseling, which includes even the genetic counseling.
The Legal Status of ‘Civilian Hackers’ under International Humanitarian Law
Authors: Byczyński Michał
Published: April 2024

In response to the rising trend of civilian hackers participating in cyber conflicts, the International Committee of the Red Cross has recently issued guidelines regulating their conduct. This article navigates the intricate legal landscape surrounding civilians who actively participate in cyber hostilities, exploring the concept of direct participation in hostilities (DPH) in the context of cyber warfare. Given the unique nature of cyber warfare, the article highlights the need for a nuanced and context-specific approach in determining the legal status of civilians involved in cyber hostilities. It underscores the importance of distinguishing between actions linked to an ongoing armed conflict and those that occur independently. The piece discusses the challenges in defining civilians in cyber warfare, the principles of distinction and proportionality, the criteria for qualifying a civilian as a “direct participant of hostilities” and the concept of continuous combat function (CCF), which distinguishes civilians continuously involved in cyber hostilities from those sporadically or ad hoc engaged. The article also delves into the temporal challenges in cyber operations and the “revolving door” concept, which complicates the application of DPH status in cyber warfare.
The Violation of the Laws of Armed Conflict in the Ukrainian and Polish Dimension: The Criminal Law Discourse
Authors: Sotula Oleksandr
Published: April 2024

The current Criminal Code of Ukraine has shown that it can effectively respond to the challenges associated with the war unleashed by the Russian Federation against Ukraine. Chapter XX of the Special Part of the Criminal Code of Ukraine contains a number of articles that qualify the criminal acts of Russian occupiers. First of all, this is Article 438 “Violation of the laws and customs of war”. In its content, it largely reflects the compliance of Ukrainian national criminal law with the provisions of international law in the field of the regulation of responsibility for committing criminal violations of international humanitarian law (the law of armed conflicts). A comparative legal analysis of Ukrainian and Polish legislation was carried out in terms of criminal liability for the violation of the laws and customs of war. Criminal violations of international humanitarian law are punishable under Articles 122–126 of the Criminal Code of the Republic of Poland. A detailed analysis of the content of these articles of the Criminal Code of the Republic of Poland showed a significant difference between the norms of the Polish criminal law in terms of detailing the acts that the Polish legislator defined as a violation of international humanitarian law. In particular, in addition to the general concept of the civilian population, the Polish criminal law proposes as victims persons laying down their arms or having no means of protection, the surrendered, the wounded, the sick, the shipwrecked, medical personnel, the clergy, unifying the concept of all persons enjoying international protection during armed hostilities. This position of the Polish legislator is more constructive and more closely connected with the relevant international legal acts than the corresponding norm of the Criminal Code of Ukraine. In addition, § 2 of Article 123 of the Criminal Code of the Republic of Poland provides an expanded understanding of ill-treatment of victims, which is not found in Article 438 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine. Also, the Ukrainian legislator ignored those violations of international humanitarian law which are indicated in Article 124 of the Criminal Code of the Republic of Poland – which also works in favour of the Polish criminal law, as it tries to comply with the provisions of international humanitarian law to a greater extent.
The EU’s Sanctions Against Russia in the Context of Russian Aggression on Ukraine, and Their Judicial Control
Authors: Matusiak-Frącczak Magdalena
Published: April 2024

In 2014, the Russian aggression against Ukraine began and it escalated even greater in February 2022. The Western states, including the Member States of the European Union, reacted and introduced a wide variety of sanctions, first in 2014, then in 2022, yet until now they have not led to the termination of the Russian–Ukrainian conflict and to the withdrawal of the Russian troops from Ukraine. The aim of this article is to analyse these sanctions and their development as well as the judicial control that was effectuated in relation to these measures by the Court of Justice of the European Union.
The Alabama Revisited: Some Observations on the Evolution of Rights and Duties of Neutral States in Armed Conflicts under International Law
Authors: Połatyńska Joanna
Published: April 2024

The paper discusses the concept of neutrality in contemporary international law. The traditional notion of neutrality, stemmed from states’ practice since the 17th century, means the particular status, defined by international law, of a state that is not party to an armed conflict. The basic premise of this notion is, in short, quite straightforward: on the one hand, the neutral state has the right to remain apart from, and not to be adversely affected by, the conflict. On the other hand, the neutral state is under the obligation of non-participation and impartiality. In the 20th and 21st centuries, however, following several treaties and modifications of states’ practice on that matter, the law of neutrality underwent changes and introduced new concepts, e.g. qualified neutrality or non-belligerency. This change, however, has produced only modifications of specific rules of the law of neutrality, not a general abolition of this whole body of law.
Mycotic Granuloma on the Skin of a Desi Fowl: A Case Report
Authors: Samatha V. , Maheswari S. Uma , Manasa B.B. , Ramadevi V. , Kamalakar G. , Jahnavi S. Bhavya
Published: April 2024

Background: A Desi fowl with a nodular growth on the skin of the left lateral aspect of the breast region was presented to VCC, NTR CVSC, Gannavaram. The mass was excised surgically and collected for histopathology and ultrastructural studies. Grossly, the tissue appeared as a white nodular growth, but was cheesy on the cut section. Methods: Fixation and processing of tissue growth for histopathology was done as per routine procedures. The special stains like PAS was carried out to demonstrate the fungal hyphae. Scanning electron microscopy was used to determine the morphology of fungal hyphae. Result: Histopathological sections revealed caseous necrotic centres with numerous fungal hyphae surrounded by polymorphonuclears, macrophages and Langerhans giant cells. Fungal hyphae in tissue sections measured 9-10 µm on micrometry indicating zygomycetes phylum. These pyogranulomatous lesions revealed pinkish red, broad, rarely septate fungal hyphae on PAS staining. Branched fungal hyphae along with attached terminal spores to few hyphae were evident on scanning electron microscopy (SEM).
Trend Analysis of the Changing Landscape in the Area and Production of Millet Cultivation in India: A Review
Authors: Banerjee Rahul , . Bharti , Das Pankaj , . Ankita , Ahmed Bulbul
Published: April 2024

Millets, the earliest domesticated grains since the Indus Valley Civilization (3000 B.C.), are renowned as “Hardy Cereals” for their drought resilience and minimal irrigation requirements. Millets are nutritionally rich in protein, vitamins and minerals. As per the 2016-17 report of the Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers Welfare, India, the area under the cultivation of millets in India has reduced by 60% (14.72 million hectares). Despite the manifold benefits associated with millet cultivation, farmers face significant challenges, primarily stemming from the inadequate infrastructure required for processing, lack of extension services and marketing millets. The government is making efforts to increase millets production through various promotional campaigns such as the National Millets Year and International Millets Year. In this article we have attempted to illustrate the millet scenario in world and in India with the analysis of the trends in area, production and productivity of the major and the minor millets of the country.
PENGARUH FAKTOR PENDORONG RANTAI PASOK TERHADAP INISIATIF GREEN SUPPLY CHAIN DAN EFEKNYA TERHADAP KINERJA LINGKUNGAN DAN BISNIS
Authors: Hasudungan James , Yunus Erlinda N.
Published: April 2024

Currently, stakeholders continuously encourage companies to implement  green supply chain management (GSCM) to reduce negative impact to environment. In this research, there are 4 drivers of green supply chain(GSC), consist of regulatory measures, customer pressures, competitor pressures, and socio-cultural responsibility. These GSC drivers was then used as variables to determine their impact on GSCM practice in Indonesian manufacturing companies. Despite the influence of GSC drivers on GSCM implementation, this research also seeks for the impact of GSCM implementation to company environmental and business performance. The sampling method utilized was purposive sampling method. This research used online questionnaire to collect the data and SmartPLS 4.0 as a tool to process data. This result reveals that regulatory measures, customer pressures, and socio-cultural responsibility give positif influence for GSCM implementation. However, this research found that competitor pressures have no impact to GSCM implementation in Indonesian manufacturing companies. GSCM implementation have positif impact for company environmental and business performance.
Pengaruh Gaya Hidup Terhadap Perilaku Konsumtif Anak Nelayan di Desa Botubarani Kabupaten Bone Bolango
Authors: Taan Hapsawati , Gani Imam Prawiranegara
Published: April 2024

The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of lifestyle on the consumptive behavior of fishermen's children in Botubarani Village, Bone Bolango Regency. The research approach used is a quantitative research approach. The sample of this research is 100 respondents with purposive sampling technique. Data collection techniques using a questionnaire. The data analysis technique used is simple regression analysis. The results of this study show that there is a positive and significant influence of lifestyle on consumptive behavior. This is shown by the t count of 13,182 and the Sig. 0.000 < α 0.01, it can be stated that lifestyle has a significant effect on consumptive behavior. So it can be concluded that lifestyle has a contribution to the consumptive behavior of fishermen's children in determining their economic activities.