bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
On Not Getting it: Narration, Sex and Ageing
Authors: Hurley Michael
Published: March 2007

For all its advances, Social Science is still methodologically constrained in its capacity to incorporate lived subjectivities into its discussions of sexuality. Auto/biographical writing tends to be used to illustrate analytic categories, rather than as a form of analysis in its own right. `On Not Getting It' is a ficto-critical discussion of available speaking positions for the narration of sex, gayness and middle age. It embodies theory in the reflexivity of the narrative form and uses tropes of touch, lighting, body hair, anger, grief, distraction and pleasure to query the foreclosure of sex that occurs in narratives of good health.
`Nemureru Ko Wo Okosu Mono Dearu': Learning About Sex at a Top Ranking Japanese Senior High School
Authors: Castro-Vázquez Genaro , Kishi Izumi
Published: March 2007

In order to propose an educational intervention for sexuality education courses at a Japanese senior high school, we interviewed 51, 15-18-year-old, male Japanese senior high school students, and 4 teachers who impart sex education in the school. Moreover, we analysed the `master narrative' produced by the Japanese Ministry of Education (Monbusho) to regulate the sexual behaviour of young people through the contents of purity and sex education. A close examination of Monbusho's master narrative revealed that the ` Nemureru ko wo okosu mono dearu' (literally means an issue that wakes up sleeping children. A close expression in English is `let sleeping dogs lie') is still the tenet of sex education at school. We present the ways our sample regards teaching sex in relation to their sexual cultures and their needs for information about sexuality. Our interviews show the ways in which our informants create their own sexual cultures by incorporating, discarding or frankly rejecting notions of sex, contraception and risk that are included in sex education at school, in pornography and in talking with peers.
Toward a Queer Identity
Authors: Khayatt Didi
Published: March 2007

This article deals with an attempt to understand how my work is situated within the discourse of `queer', a term which has become prevalent in the past decade. Does my work fit into the category `queer'? Does the term `queer', used for purposes of inclusion, embrace my subject position? Does it gloss over parts of my subjectivity that I perceive as defining my identity? In this article, I attempt to trace both the historical progression of my thinking and my current theoretical position with regard to the issue of my sexuality as `queer'.
Lean Mean Fighting Queens: Drag in the World of Mexican Professional Wrestling
Authors: Levi Heather
Published: March 2007

This paper looks at the role of drag in professional wrestling in Mexico. Exoticos are professional wrestlers who adopt a flamboyantly effeminate style when they fight. One interpretation of the `meaning' of professional wrestling in Mexico is that it functions as a theater of agonistic machismo. In that context, the success of exoticos in (at least sometimes) un-manning their opponents acts as a dramatic disruption of the equation of masculinity, penetration and dominance.
Let Your Fingers Do the Talking: Sex on an Adult Chat-line
Authors: Wysocki Diane Kholos
Published: March 2007

Based on the theory of social construction of love and sexuality, this project uses a sexually explicit computer bulletin board (BBS) named Pleasure Pit as the source for contacting individuals who combine their technological computer abilities with their sexual desires. The purpose of this paper is twofold: to examine how and why individuals participate in sexually explicit computer bulletin boards; and to see if sex on-line is a way of replacing face-to-face relationships or a way of enhancing them. Specifically, this project focuses on how one sexually explicit BBS operates, what types of people use this BBS, what kinds of activities are available for the participants, why individuals participate in sex on-line and how those sexual behaviors are accomplished without face-to-face interaction. The findings suggest that individuals get to know each other much better, quicker, and based on different characteristics than those in face-to-face relationships. Similarly, the computer BBS has worked as a way of enhancing the face-to-face relationships rather than replacing them.
Beyond Words: Notes on the ‘Irrelevance’ of Language to Mental Health Services in South Africa
Authors: Swartz Leslie , Drennan Gerard
Published: March 2007

South Africa’s political history has led to a marginalizing of all languages except for English and Afrikaans. Many clinicians cannot speak the languages spoken by patients. We attempt to understand the slow progress towards achieving greater access to mental health services on the basis of language. The administrative constraints of an overburdened and bureaucratized health system lead to language and communication playing a relatively small part in clinical practice. Resistance to learning other languages may relate to the emotional risks involved in this learning. A psychological understanding of the barriers to linguistic change may help us develop further changes.
Women from Polygamous and Monogamous Marriages in an Out-Patient Psychiatric Clinic
Authors: Al-Krenawi Alean
Published: March 2007

Ninety-two Bedouin-Arab women were interviewed using a semi-structured open-ended questionnaire. The subjects were divided into two groups: (1) senior wives in polygamous marriages ( N= 53); and (2) wives in monogamous marriages ( N= 39). The data revealed that, in general, women from both types of marriages reported a wide variety of symptoms, and comparably high incidences of somatization, nervousness, poor appetite and trouble remembering. There was a greater prevalence of various symptoms among polygamous respondents, two of which are of particular interest: low self-esteem and loneliness. Findings also showed a relationship between a high number of female children among polygamous respondents and low self-esteem. Polygamous respondents who thought that they were perceived as old by their husbands also reported low selfesteem. In addition, respondents from polygamous marriages reported poor relationships with their husbands. Implications for further research and intervention are discussed.
The Use of Traditional Healing in South Asian Psychiatric Patients in the U.K.: Interactions between Professional and Folk Psychiatries
Authors: Dein Simon , Sembhi Sati
Published: March 2007

The use of traditional healing and traditional healers among ethnic minority psychiatric patients remains little explored in the U.K. Using qualitative and quantitative methodology, this article examines the use of traditional healing among 25 South Asian psychiatric patients in the London Borough of Waltham Forest. Twenty-eight percent of the sample had resorted to a traditional healer during their psychiatric illness. Five case studies are presented which illustrate the various forms of traditional healing used. Although the numbers are small, the study suggests that South Asian psychiatric patients in Britain do resort to traditional forms of healing in collaboration with western psychiatric treatments. Asian patients use a number of treatments concurrently, although they may often not always understand how the treatments work. Humoral theories are commonly posited to explain mental illness and foods are commonly used in treatment. Only the age of the patient was significantly related to the use of a traditional healer. These findings are discussed in relation to globalization.
Religious–Cultural Psychotherapy in the Management of Anxiety Patients
Authors: Razali Salleh Mohd. , Aminah Kassim , Khan Umeed Ali
Published: March 2007

This study investigated the effectiveness of incorporating sociocultural and religious aspects in the management of anxiety among Muslim patients of ethnic Malay origin. Eighty-five religious and 80 non-religious patients with generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) were randomly assigned to the study or control group. Both groups received a standard treatment for GAD, although the study group received additional religious–cultural psychotherapy (RCP). Patients were followed up and assessed periodically for six months. Religious patients receiving RCP showed significantly more rapid improvement in anxiety symptoms than those in the control group. The difference, however, became non-significant at the end of six months. There was no significant difference in improvement between the study and control group of non-religious patients. We concluded that RCP rapidly improved anxiety symptoms in Muslim patients with a strong religious background.
Schizophrenia in British Immigrants: Recent Findings, Issues and Implications
Authors: Jarvis Eric
Published: March 2007

Recent literature reveals three clusters of findings with respect to schizophrenia in British immigrants: (1) while there are high rates of schizophrenia among many British immigrant groups, the rates are most consistently elevated among British Afro-Caribbeans; (2) there are high rates of compulsory hospital admission, and police contact prior to admission, in British Blacks with schizophrenia; and (3) there may be poorer outcome in Afro-Caribbean schizophrenic patients, when compared to Caucasian and Asian patients. Current explanatory hypotheses point away from genetic theories and highlight environmental factors, including socio-economic disadvantage and racism, as well as family and community responses to psychiatric disorders.
Team players or rivals in caring?
Authors: Pfeil Michael
Published: March 2007

■ British and German nurses interpret their roles and the roles of parents in the care of children very differently.

■ The German nurses appeared to focus on the children in their care to the exclusion of the child's parents and family. Most German nurses in the study did not consider participation in the care to be a task for parents.

■ The British nurses' perception of the nursing role as caring for children, either directly or indirectly via supporting their families, appeared to limit the role of parents in the care considerably less than in the German children's wards.
Childhood fever: is practice scientific?
Authors: Harrison Maureen
Published: March 2007

■ Diagnosis of fever is not necessarily simple

■ A variety of factors influence the decision to administer medication

■ The action of the antipyretic paracetamol is discussed in relation to practice issues

■ The importance of monitoring and recording fever is examined

■ The rationales for use of paracetamol are explored
Review : Childhood accidents
Authors: Lee Polly
Published: March 2007

■ The Health of the Nation targets have raised the profile of the need for accident prevention strategies for school children

■ Tannahill's health promotion model identifies a model of health, which in turn leads to a goal for health promotion

■ To develop effective health promotion and accident prevention nurses need to work in co-operation with other agencies

■ Health promotion in schools reaches a large audience and is an important means of reaching this age group

■ For accident prevention to be effective, hazards and/or risk taking behaviour should be reduced
Review : Perceptions of job stress
Authors: Dearmun Annette K.
Published: March 2007

■ The experiences of the first graduate children's nurses to qualify on Part 15 of the UKCC Register were drawn on for this study

■ The literature shows that stress is more prevalent in newly qualified staff nurses

■ In order to provide optimum support, awareness of the particular factors that create stress at this time is vital

■ There was a chronological dimension to the stress experience of the children's nurses', which began with an initial feeling of survival and ended with a sense of equilibrium

■ Situations which would have initially evoked stress were no longer perceived as stressful as their confidence grew

■ Towards the end of the year, any specific stressful events were associated with increased managerial responsibilities or beginning a new job

■ The nurses consistently reported increased stress when dealing with a number of specific situations
Hybrids, fronts, borders
Authors: Lull James
Published: March 2007

The study of culture and communication in Mexico is discussed by reviewing four key books of the current period. The groundbreaking work of Néstor Garcia Canclini on 'cultural hybrids' is given prominence, together with consideration of his recent work on the nature of citizenship in the era of global consumer activity. Jorge González's theory of 'cultural fronts' is also taken up, as is a collection of essays edited by a group from the border city of Tijuana. Mexican cultural analysis is contrasted with other traditions in cultural studies, and found to be particularly vital because of its relation to the country's social conditions.
Testing Various Types of Cooperation Rewards in Social Dilemmas
Authors: Parks Craig D.
Published: March 2007

Research on the rewarding of cooperative behavior in social dilemmas has shown that very different types of reward strategies each seem to be effective at inducing high rates of cooperation in group members. This makes it difficult to determine how a cooperation reward motivates cooperation. This study systematically examined various components of cooperation reward schemes so as to help identify the general properties of an effective cooperation reward. Specifically, three features of a cooperation reward were manipulated: the number of group members who can receive the reward; when the reward is given; and whether reward reception is contingent upon performance. Four major effects emerged. First, performance-contingent, per-trial rewards produced high rates of cooperation. Second, competitive, performance-based rewards effectively maintained cooperation across trials. Next, a competitive, performance-based, per-trial reward scheme outperformed any other reward scheme in terms of rate of cooperation induced. Finally, rewards that were provided for simply participating in the group had an inhibitory effect on cooperation, producing a lesser rate of cooperation than baseline.
Human Rights and Politics: A Social Representational Analysis of Political Positioning during the 1995 Quebec Sovereignty Campaign
Authors: Herrera Monica , Lavallée Marguerite , Doise Willem
Published: March 2007

This questionnaire study was conducted among 202 French-speaking students one month before the 1995 referendum on sovereignty in Quebec. Principal questions concerned: intervention of human rights (HR) attitudes; value priorities; expectations about enforcement and violation of rights (individual/collective) in political choices; and sovereignty representations (for/against). It was found that HR attitudes did not intervene in political choices, but that concerns about well-being and traditional values were linked to Non-Sovereigntist attitudes, whereas social value choices accompanied Pro-Sovereigntist ones. Furthermore, respondents generally thought that, in the outcome of their choice, socioeconomic and collective rights would be better respected; whereas, when confronted with an outcome contrary to their choice, Pro-Sovereigntists expected more political and linguistic discrimination.
Maintaining Interpersonal Continuity in Groups: The Role of Collective Memory Processes in Redistributing Information
Authors: Bangerter Adrian
Published: March 2007

Maintaining interpersonal continuity of experience is a process by which groups ensure that new information is available to members who require it. Groups and organizations continuously encounter new information. Sometimes this information is encountered by a single member (or subset of the group), who may have to redistribute it to other members for it to be useful to the group as a whole. Redistribution is conceptualized as a collaborative activity where members recall past episodes during group discussion, thereby creating shared knowledge. Discourse data from an observational study of groups managing a simulation show that redistribution takes place mainly at the outset of meetings. Members with different perspectives on new information participate differently in the redistribution process. Outgoing members (the possessors of new information) initiate a majority of references to the preceding meeting, and contribute the most memories. Incoming (previously inactive) members also participate in redistribution by focusing recall and contributing information of their own from earlier meetings. Redistribution is a dynamic process that evolves in the course of interaction.
Divining the Future of Social Theory
Authors: Fuller Steve
Published: March 2007

The fertility of contemporary social theory is matched only by its problematic relationship to its past. The future of social theory therefore lies with a renegotiation of that relationship. I begin by unearthing the theological origins of theorizing and its secularization as epistemology in the 19th century. I then provide an account of the recent renaissance in social theory - epitomized by the various `structure-agency' debates - that reveals its intellectual kinship to scholastic theology. I diagnose this scholasticism in terms of sociology's current social exigencies and conclude that the historiography of sociology implicit in scholasticism needs to be overturned so that social theorists may come to recover the concrete social contexts that historically have called forth the need to theorize.
Regional Trading Arrangements among SAARC Countries and India's Imports?†
Authors: Bhattacharya Swapan K.
Published: March 2007

In spite of political skirmishes between two major members of SAARC, economic cooperation among the member states has been under way since the conclusion of the South Asian Preferential Trading Arrangement on 2-4 May 1995 at the 8th SAARC Summit in Delhi. So far, SAARC member countries have concluded three rounds of preferential trading arrangements under the auspices of SAPTA. The basic object of this article is to examine whether SAPTA is successful in increasing India's intra-regional trade. With the help of the gravity model, it shows that the increase in India's imports from the member countries is miniscule, even though India has offered concessions for the largest number of items among all SAARC countries. This study examines the hollowness of SAPTA and suggests suitable measures to make SAPTA more effective. It strongly recommends duty-free trade among the SAARC members under the auspices of SAFTA at an early date.
Marginal Voices in Cyberspace
Authors: MITRA ANANDA
Published: March 2007

This article examines the process of expressing oneself in cyberspace through the metaphor of `voice', by drawing a similarity between the process of speaking and the presentation of the self in cyberspace. The metaphor of voice allows the examination of expressions in cyberspace in a dialogic manner and demonstrates a unique voice that can be produced with the technology of cyberspace. This is a voice that is heteroglossic and hyperconnected, and in the case of the marginalized, this voice has the potential of producing a call that the dominant has a moral obligation to acknowledge. Consequently, the metaphor of voice in cyberspace problematizes the relation between the marginal and the dominant by initiating a crisis of acknowledgment on the part of the dominant. Ultimately, this approach allows for the re-examination and re-invention of the notion of cyber communities and their role in the public sphere. These issues are developed by using Indian diasporic websites as evidence to support the arguments.
The Internet in Everyday Life
Authors: BAKARDJIEVA MARIA , SMITH RICHARD
Published: March 2007

This article reports the findings of an ethnographic study of internet use conducted in Vancouver, Canada. Our goal was to examine how non-professional users interpret, `domesticate' (Silverstone, 1994) and creatively appropriate (Feenberg, 1999) the internet in order to integrate it into the relevance structures and activities of their everyday lives. We identify new cultural practices emerging on this basis and reflect on what these practices mean for the social shaping of the internet as a communication medium. The methods of data collection included ethnographic interviews, and `tours' of the home and computer space of 30 domestic users of the internet in different socio-biographical situations.
Does Religion Matter?
Authors: Nelsen Brent F. , Guth James L. , Fraser Cleveland R.
Published: March 2007

This paper considers the relationship between Europeans' religious characteristics and support for the European Union. Using Eurobarometer data from the 1970s through the 1990s, we find that Catholics have been far stronger supporters of European integration than Protestants have, and that the devout in both traditions have been more in favor of the integration process than have nominal adherents. The effects of religion survive both longitudinal and intensive cross-sectional analyses incorporating alternative explanations for support of the EU. These findings suggest that, if religion is declining as a social and political force, underlying support for European unity may also be dwindling. Public approval of the European Union may thus depend increasingly on the economic performance of national governments and of the Union itself.
Comparative Institutional and Policy Advantage
Authors: Franzese Robert J. , Mosher James M.
Published: March 2007

Many expect globalization and regional economic integration to force domestic institutions and policies to converge toward some efficiency-mandated minimalism. Applying basic trade theory to national institutional and policy systems clarifies, however, that the greater force is tax competition (broadly conceived), as abetted by ideology and transmitted and magnified by international financial mobility. Trade actually furthers institutional and policy diversity; and international finance per se tends to reinforce that. Tax competition for global capital, contrarily, does create fiscal pressures, but wholly independently of the efficiency of taxation or tax-financed public activity. However, the political integration that accompanies European economic integration provides a policy-making forum for surmounting the collective action problem of tax competition, sometimes turning economic globalization opponents into political Europeanization proponents. The analysis also highlights three broader conclusions. First, export or output growth or specialization in particular sectors suggests only comparative, not necessarily absolute advantage. Second, trade and, less surely, capital integration tend to reinforce domestic equilibria that sustain existing networks regardless of their efficiency. Third, economic integration partly offsets short-run costs of inferior networks, further dampening any efficiency-based pressures for convergence.
Political Business Cycles in EU Accession Countries
Authors: Hallerberg Mark , de Souza Lúcio Vinhas , Clark William Roberts
Published: March 2007

This paper considers whether political business cycles existed in East European accession countries during the period 1990-9. Based on the Mundell-Fleming model expanded in Clark and Hallerberg (2000), we argue that the type of exchange rate regime and the relative independence of the central bank affects the instruments governments use to influence the economy before elections. In our empirical analysis, we find that accession countries with dependent central banks and flexible exchange rates have looser monetary policies in electoral periods than in non-electoral periods. If a country has a fixed exchange rate regime, it manipulates its economy in election years through running larger budgets instead of through looser monetary policy. The presence of such cycles in Eastern Europe has implications for the introduction of the euro in EU accession countries.
Saying `Maybe' to the `Return to Europe'
Authors: Hughes James , Sasse Gwendolyn , Gordon Claire
Published: March 2007

A major challenge for EU enlargement is how to communicate the benefits of membership to electorates. Given the weak penetration of party systems in the Central and East European countries, subnational elites have an important role in shaping voter preferences. Attitudes among subnational elites to EU enlargement are examined in three leading candidate countries in Central and Eastern Europe: Hungary, Slovenia, and Estonia. The results are based on large-scale elite interviews conducted in 1999-2000 in key regional cities. The research demonstrates that subnational elites are disengaged not only structurally from the European integration project, since the negotiations involve the Commission and national governments, but also in their opinions. The subnational elites tend to view EU membership as a national issue and irrelevant for their level, and are poorly informed about EU activities that benefit them. The article suggests that this disengagement of subnational elites constitutes a space for the mobilization of Euroscepticism from below.
The Permanent Revolution:
Authors: MCLAUGHLIN EUGENE , MUNCIE JOHN , HUGHES GORDON
Published: March 2007

The soundbite `tough on crime and tough on the causes of crime' was crucial to both the ideological rebirth of the Labour Party as `New Labour' and its landslide victory in the 1997 General Election. Indeed, one of New Labour's most remarkable political achievements, during its first term of office, was to have forged a `Third Way' law and order position that has successfully challenged the idea that social democratic political parties are by definition `soft on crime'. This article outlines and evaluates the key strategies underpinning New Labour's core governmental project of `modernization through managerialization' in criminal justice. Throughout, a focus on crime reduction and youth justice is maintained, since addressing these `wicked issues' is pivotal to realizing New Labour's long-term objective of commanding the centre ground of law and order politics in the UK. We argue that an institutionalization and normalization of managerialism is taking place to `resolve' the contradictions, tensions and disconnections generated by the Conservatives' incomplete public sector reform project and to create the basis for achieving the long-held ideal of a cost-effective, efficient, `seamless' criminal justice system. In the conclusion we discuss the implications of the open-ended relationship between the unrelenting managerialization of criminal justice and the on-going politicization of law and order associated with New Labour's electoral promise to be `tough on crime'.
Accounting for Bouncers:
Authors: LISTER STUART , HADFIELD PHILIP , HOBBS DICK , WINLOW SIMON
Published: March 2007

This paper examines the scope, structure and impact of the occupational licensing systems designed to increase the legal accountability of licensed premise security personnel — better known as `bouncers'. Much vilified for a perceived association with high levels of violence, this form of private security now dominates the systems of social control that function across the UK's burgeoning night-time economy. The assured regulation of the trade is an issue of crime prevention within the sphere of public safety. This paper considers the impact of occupational licensing, discusses its lack of coverage and haphazard implementation, and draws out some policy lessons for the soon-to-be-established Security Industry Authority. We conclude by warning that the `bouncer problem' is merely a symptom of the wider disorder related to the rapid expansion of an alcohol-fuelled night-time economy.
The Dental and Oral Care Needs of Adults with a Learning Disability Living in a Rural Community
Authors: Rawlinson Stephen R.
Published: March 2007

A questionnaire survey was undertaken in a rural health locality to examine the delivery of dental/oral health care to service users. Results indicate general satisfaction wth dental services, with attendance rates for treatment similar to the general population. However, the majority of clients not receiving dental checks in the previous year lived in formal care settings, suggesting standards were no higher in professional care contexts. A shortfall in NHS provision, poor facilities and financial disincentives created problems of accessing general dental services (GDSs) and placed an increased demand on the community dental service (CDS). Information-exchange between carers and dental personnel, blurring of care responsibilities and low priority afforded oral care were key issues preventing integrated care. Poor knowledge about client dental needs and high dependency levels between carers and clients indicate that training should be initially targeted at community learning disability nurses (CLDNs). Arguably they are best able to detect problems, facilitate access to services and disseminate health information. Recommendations are made for promoting dental/oral health awareness, routine health checks and production of a teaching pack. Further research concerning carer knowledge and attitudes to oral care is indicated.
Commonalities between Researchmethods for Consumer Science and biblical Scholarship
Authors: Iacobucci Dawn
Published: March 2007

This article focuses on the consumption/interpretation of the Bible, which is viewed as a complex, qualitative databank, requiring rigorous methodological tools to attempt the hermeneutical interpretive task. A positivist philosophical approach to Bible study is taken, posing questions like ‘What did the original writer intend the audience to understand?’ as a precursor to the question ‘How do we impart thatmessage today?’. Biblical scholarship is extremely sophisticated, and this article delves into many layers of techniques and rigorous analysis, including word studies, studies of phrases and paragraph structures, and sociological hypotheses about politicalagendas. It draws on critical textual, historical, and narrative schools of thought in biblical research. These different methods are presented both as an end in themselves (as tools of literary analysis) and also as means to study the content of the sacredas transcendent experiences of extraordinary consumption in consumer research.
Towards a Critical Multicultural Marketing Theory
Authors: Burton Dawn
Published: March 2007

Critical multiculturalism has generated considerable interest in the social sciences and humanities but has rarely surfaced as a distinctive theoretical approach in marketing. This paper is a first attempt to develop a critical multicultural marketing theory, drawing inspiration from the work of leading critical theorists. The paper makes the distinction between different types of multicultural orientations before exploring critical multiculturalism in more detail. The main body of the paper sets out essential elements of a critical multicultural marketing theory and simultaneously assesses the extent to which a critical orientation is evident in current multicultural marketing research.
Rawls and the Outlaws
Authors: Shue Henry
Published: March 2007

Perhaps because John Rawls attempts to separate ideal theory and non-ideal theory too sharply from each other, The Law of Peoples formulates principles to govern cooperative international relations only among the ideal states that Rawls labels `peoples'. An important and presumably numerous category of non-peoples are those he calls `outlaw states'. To guide international relations between peoples and outlaw states Rawls offers only principles of just war. Either Rawls is assuming in a kind of Hobbesian pessimism that large numbers of actual states are in a permanent state of war with each other, or he has neglected to formulate principles to govern non-hostile international relations between peoples and outlaw states. This article explores whether, within Rawls's own categories, it might be possible to specify a minimal content for a form of international public reason in accord with which some peoples and some outlaw states could avoid war with each other and treat each other with reciprocity. It is essential to incorporate the fact, which Rawls acknowledges but generally ignores, that not all internally repressive states are externally aggressive. It may be possible for peoples to coexist peacefully with the subset of outlaw states that are non-aggressive. One great danger, however, is that reciprocally acceptable terms for international relations would need to leave unchallenged too much violation of human rights within the repressive states.
Managing Improvisation in Cross Cultural Virtual Teams
Authors: E Cunha Miguel Pina , Da Cunha Joao Vieira
Published: March 2007

Drawing on grounded theory research, we present a grounded model of improvisation in cross cultural contexts, the major contribution of which lies in advancing the concept of the dialectical team, where a minimal structure and a compatible perception of reality foster improvisational action, with diverse members responding to a turbulent environment using simple resources. This arrangement creates the conditions that allow a team to improvise successfully, while remaining both efficient and effective. The model strengthens the argument for a dialectical perspective of organizations, unearths the presence of curvilinear relationships in cross cultural phenomena where linear ones were thought to prevail, and provides alternative answers to some of the problems found in cross cultural research.
In the Kingdom of the Blind, the One-Eyed Man is King
Authors: Lowe Sid
Published: March 2007

This article argues that cross cultural management is dominated by the objectivist paradigm of functionalism which is itself embedded in an ethnocentric western culture characterized by amoral rationalism, affective neutrality and orientation to Truth. The discussion uses research into Chinese culture and Chinese management to contextualize the debate. Western culture, it is argued, is an inadequate vehicle for understanding Chinese culture and management. The scientific sub-culture of functionalism is hegemonic within western social scientific paradigms. The paradigm hermeticism and paradigm `wars' characterizing this contested domain prevent integrative and synthetic views. The approaches of Hofstede and Schwartz exacerbate the problem, resulting in avoidance of an agenda to understand the complexities of culture beyond a western mechanistic, quantitative parochialism. The problem is summarized as attributable to the structural obsession of western social science that results in the denigration of understanding of process. Two possible solutions to this problem are outlined; namely `reform' and `radical change'.
Towards a Reflexive Planning Theory
Authors: Howe Joe , Langdon Colin
Published: March 2007

There has been a noticeable silence among planning researchers concerning the notion of reflexivity. This is in sharp contrast to other areas of the social sciences, where the issues of reflexivity have recently assumed major prominence. This article argues that concepts and theories of Bourdieu’s notion of reflexivity generated primarily in the fields of sociological research provide a necessary and fruitful backcloth for the study of planning and land-use development. Following a brief consideration of the Habermasian and Foucauldian approaches that have come to dominate planning thought in recent times, we explore Bourdieuian notions of reflexivity, habitus, capital and field. We argue that a Bourdieuian stance, with its greater emphasis on digesting and acknowledging the researched habitus, field and capital, will offer planning researchers new tools for understanding the nature and outcomes of planning practices. Furthermore, we contend that a Bourdieuian conceptual framework will highlight the durable and embodied nature of the intuitive practices of many actors in planning and development processes.
Rawls in Portugal and Spain
Authors: Rosas João Cardoso
Published: March 2007

First, this article puts forth a political and cultural explanation for the fact that the work of Rawls and other American liberal analytic political philosophers was neglected in Portugal during the 1970s and 1980s. Second, the article describes Portuguese reactions to Rawls's ideas in the 1990s, focusing on commentaries by scholars and `public intellectuals'. Throughout this period, there was a gradual shift from glib partisan judgements to more careful responses. Third, the reception of Rawls in Portugal is compared with the reception in Spain. This comparison shows that both broad social context and the nature of academia tended to be more hospitable to Rawls in Spain than in Portugal. However, the situation is changing.
Defeating Satan and Liberating Israel: Jesus and Daniel's Visions
Authors: Evans Craig
Published: March 2007

In recent scholarship there is greater acceptance of the authenticity of the 'son of man' sayings in the dominical tradition, though in some circles linkage with Dan. 7.13-14 is still denied. The present paper affirms this linkage, arguing that fundamental elements of Jesus' proclamation of the kingdom of God, especially with regard to the perceived struggle with the kingdom of Satan, cannot be properly understood apart from appreciation of the contribution of Daniel 7.
Reading Recent Readings of Issues of Wealth and Poverty in Luke and Acts
Authors: Phillips Thomas E.
Published: March 2007

Issues of wealth and poverty in the Third Gospel and Acts have attracted a great deal of scholarly interest since the rise of redaction criticism. This essay provides a survey of the most important readings of these issues from the mid 1960s to the present. Readings from a variety of critical perspectives (e.g. redaction, social-scientific, literary, and reader response) are considered. The authors examined in detail are D. Sweetland, D. Kraybill, L.T. Johnson, J. York, M. Prior, R.J. Cassidy, H.-J. Degenhardt, W. Schmithals, W. Stege mann, D.P. Seccombe, T.E. Schmidt, J. Koenig, K.-J. Kim, and S. Garrett.
The General Method of Theory-Building Research in Applied Disciplines
Authors: Lynham Susan A.
Published: March 2007

The problem and the solution. One of the challenges of theory-building research in applied disciplines is making the logic used to build the theory explicit and accessible to the user of the developed theory. Although different methods of theory building advocate different theory-building research processes, there is an inherently generic nature to theory building. This chapter acts as a foundation for the journal by highlighting strategies commonly used in building theory and offers a generic, five-phase method of theory-building research.
Grounded Theory Research and Theory Building
Authors: Egan T. Marshall
Published: March 2007

The problem and the solution. A challenging mandate recently advanced by human resource development (HRD) scholars and practitioners has been the development of theory with clear implications for practice. The grounded theory research approach presents promising possibilities for the development of theoretical frameworks that emerge from research situated in practice and enhance the HRD theorist–HRD practitioner partnership in the process of theory building.
Transfer of Learning from Action Learning Programs to the Organizational Setting
Authors: Yorks Lyle , Lamm Sharon , O'Neil Judy
Published: March 2007

The Problem and the Solution. Many times learning never finds its way to actual practices in organizations There are predictable barriers to the transfer of learning This chapter examines the factors that both facilitate and inhibit learning transfer to the organizational setting and provides practical guidance
Sociological Perspectives of Black American Health Disparity: Implications for Social Policy
Authors: Plowden Keith O. , Thompson Linda S.
Published: March 2007

Understanding health from a social perspective is important if appropriate interventions and policies are to be developed to eliminate disparity. Epidemiological data show Blacks are disproportionately affected by most illnesses. Social factors such as race and class have significantly contributed to this disparity. This article addresses these social factors using Durkheim’s sociological theory along with conflict and micro-interaction social theories. Each theory is discussed along with its social implications. Nurses can play a significant role in helping the government achieve the goals of Healthy People 2010. To do this, they must address racial and class disparities in educational curricula, practice, and research.
Telehealth: A Challenge to the Regulation of Multistate Practice
Authors: Gassert Carole A.
Published: March 2007

There is a need for more effective regulation of multistate nursing practice. Problems associated with multistate practice are complex, but need to be solved to effectively use current and future telehealth technologies that can increase delivery of quality care to vulnerable and underserved populations. The incidence of telehealth encounters has increased, but barriers prevent more common use. Current nursing licensure is a barrier to using telehealth. The National Council of State Boards of Nursing has studied this problem and has proposed mutual recognition as a model for multistate practice. Reactions to the proposal have been mixed, but in spite of continued discussion about the merits of mutual recognition, the compact has now been passed in six states and is awaiting governors’ signatures in two additional states. Nursing needs to move forward, collaborating to implement mutual recognition so that it protects public safety and welfare and reduces barriers to telehealth practice.
Thrive, Survive, or Perish: The Impact of a Prospective Payment System on Home Health
Authors: Anderson Patsy
Published: March 2007

The home health industry continues to reel from the health reform cost-containment measures mandated by the Balanced Budget Act of 1997. Although reimbursement for home care providers for Medicare beneficiaries has been drastically reduced by an interim form of prospective payment, the continued participation in the Medicare program has increased health agency costs. To add to these issues is the publication on July 3, 2000, of the final rules concerning the prospective payment system for home care.
A Nursing Leader Speaks out on the Nursing Shortage: Creating a Career Destination of Choice
Authors: “Polly” Bednash Geraldine
Published: March 2007

The current shortage of nursing personnel is creating calls to produce more nurses from all entry-level programs with no focus on the varying competencies of nurses from different educational programs. This short-term fix fails to recognize the effect of this role confusion on efforts to recruit to the profession. Moreover, the changing characteristics of the care delivery system is resulting in dramatic changes in the nature of education and may also require a reexamination of the education required for professional nursing practice. These issues are not new, but will require newfound political will to avoid a repeat of previous shortage experiences.
A New and Very Real Nursing Shortage
Authors: White Kathleen M.
Published: March 2007

Current demographics of the nursing shortage are presented and discussed. Issues of this particular nursing crisis are explored relative to past nursing shortages. State and organizational responses to the current crisis are listed relative to the following key areas of nursing concern: mandatory overtime, whistleblower protection, reporting of nursing-sensitive quality data, and patient classification systems.
Everything Old is New Again
Authors: Boyce Victoria J.
Published: March 2007

In 1988 the Department of Health and Human Services released its final report from the Secretary’s Commission on Nursing that identified problems and made recommendations related to the recruitment and retention of registered nurses. At the close of the 2001 legislative session the Nurse Reinvestment Act passed, calling for a National Commission on the Recruitment and Retention of Nurses. Looking at the work of the 1988 commission can provide an important starting point and framework for the new commission. The nursing profession must demonstrate the political will to transform the recommendations from these commissions into policy initiatives.
On The Structural Behavior and Material Characteristics of PTFE-Coated Glass-Fiber Fabric
Authors: Schock Hans J.
Published: March 2007

The behavior of fabric structures and of coated and uncoated fabric material under different loading conditions, prestress, snow and wind loads is described in general terms. The paper tries to explain some of the characteristics of fabric behavior using a triangular truss model that was originally proposed by Mef fert in 1978 for PVC-coated polyester fabric; the model has been modified to include slack-elastic material behavior. The limitations of this model are discussed, and a case is argued for a simple and adequate fabric model. To determine the required fabric parameters from simple tests, a possible strategy is outlined. Some reference is made to the current state of knowledge on the shear stiffness of coated fabrics and the need for more detailed studies is stated.
A New Process for Coating and Laminating Face-Finished Fabrics
Authors: Jarrell Curt
Published: March 2007

Since the mid-1970s, the domestic textile mdustry has seen its market share steadily decline. With offshore competitors producing textile goods at labor costs as low as 26 cents per hour, United States companies have found it difficult to remain price competitive. Industry and government leaders rallied their efforts five years ago to slow market erosion by establishing five self-regulating institutions. To minimize competition on price alone, programs were implemented to focus on product quality, productivity, and manufacturing flexibility. These programs have moderated the decline; however, the industry now faces environmental issues relative to current production techniques that further limit the mdustry's ability to remain competitive. This paper presents a new coating and laminating process, using 100 percent solid thermoplastics, that offers textile converters solutions to the en vironmental, quality, productivity, and flexibility issues.
Radiation Curable Coatings and Pigment Binders for Textile Substrates
Authors: Luiken A.H. , Marsman M.P.W. , Holweg R.B.M.
Published: March 2007

Radiation curing has found applications in many branches of industry. This technology can also be applied in textile finishing. Coating and pigment print ing, as well as other finishing processes, can be performed successfully with UV- curing and electron beam curing (EB). This paper discloses some results of a study for UV-curable coatings and the development of UV-curable binders for pigment printing.
Overview of Hot Melt Adhesives Application Equipment for Coating and Laminating Full-Width Fabrics
Authors: Halbmaier John
Published: March 2007

The successful application of hot melt technology to a laminating problem requires a system approach with a careful integration of adhesive selection and application equipment. A general review of application equipment for hot melt adhesives including powder lamination and hot melt gravure lamination along with a new system developed in Europe for laminating fabrics with reactive hot melts is discussed.
Environmentally Friendly Dry Thermoplastic Adhesive Films and Webs for Industrial Bonding Applications
Authors: Peltier Gérard
Published: March 2007

Since the mid-1980s in many industrialised countries, a growing number of environmental laws and regulations governing workplaces have seriously eroded the share of solvent-borne adhesive systems, set more and more stringent conditions on the use of water-based adhesives, and are about to severely restrict the flame bonding process. This environmental driving force (together with processing advantages) has been promoting and accelerating the use of dry thermoplastic adhe sives. This article presents the characteristics of the dry thermoplastic adhesive films and webs made by SARNATECH-XIRO Ltd., their processing methods, and their fields of application.