bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Rumor Generation and Spreading on WeChat and Facebook During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Sadivnycha Maryna , Hu Yawei
Published: October 2024

Introduction. Global social media users currently exceed 5 billion, more than half of the Earth’s population [1]. Every day social media users view and post various information, much of which is unverified or outright false. Many rumors are spread on the platforms of world giants Facebook and WeChat. Moreover, although the platforms are making significant efforts to fight fakes and unverified information, the spread of rumors is still a severe problem. It needs more active study and additional countermeasures.
Relevance of the study. The period of COVID-19 pandemic is an indicative period for studying the causes and methods of spreading rumors on social media and the mechanisms that social media platforms use to counter the spread of rumors. Therefore, our article aims to determine the features of the spread of rumors on the Facebook and WeChat platforms and compare the mechanisms for countering the spread of false information.
Methodology. The research involved a complex of general scientific and special methods. We resorted to critical analysis of scientific literature and data analysis from open sources. We also monitored the content of social media platforms Facebook and WeChat and carried out a comparative analysis of the ways of spreading rumors and countermeasures implemented by these social media platforms.
Results. During the research, we established some features of the spread of rumors in the mentioned social networks related to the work of platform algorithms. We looked at the measures taken by two major social media platforms, WeChat and Facebook, to combat rumors during the COVID-19 pandemic. It was determined that both platforms use a set of measures to counter the spread of disinformation and fakes. Also, during the spread of COVID-19, Facebook and WeChat actively cooperated with global organizations in the healthcare field, which contributed not only to countering the spread of rumors about the disease but also to the provision of operational information and public support.
Conclusions. Even though both global social media giants have actively implemented measures to counter the spread of rumors during the COVID-19 pandemic, the problem of spreading false information on social media is still relevant. Considering the results of the study, we proposed our own set of measures aimed at checking facts and countering the spread of rumors in social media.
Keywords. Social media platforms, Facebook, WeChat, rumors, fact-checking, COVID-19.
ANALISIS TERHADAP ASAS FILSAFAT HUKUM ISLAM MENURUT BENI AHMAD SAEBANI
Authors: . Nurmahmudah
Published: October 2024

This paper aims to find out the principles of Islamic law, namely the foundation, origin and principles of Islamic law in the perspective of philosophy in ontological, epistemological and axiological studies. The method used is library research, and analyzes the data analytically, critically, contemplatively, logically, systematically, structured, so as to understand the foundation or principle of Islamic law comprehensively. The result can be understood that al-Hakim is God who makes law has created rules with His iradah. The existence of an objective knowledge is one that does not depend on the existence or absence of the subject's knowledge of the object of knowledge. So the knowledge of Allah, His Messenger, His books does not depend on human knowledge. So the Qur'an as a revelation in which there are laws of Allah's creation is true by itself, so it has nothing to do with justification by humans. The laws made by Allah, making humans as subjects and objects, the law of truth is timeless, so that what changes is not His product, but the interpretation of it. Mukallaf or mahkum 'alaih (people affected by the burden of taklif), namely people who have baligh (adulthood) and reason can distinguish good and bad. In the process of extracting the law from the texts of the Qur'an and Hadith, we need the knowledge of Tafsir, Hadith Science, Fiqh Science, Ushul Fiqh. This effort is called ijtihad. So the principle of Islamic law is based on revelation which has strong arguments based on rational, empirical, and scientific evidence.
PANDANGAN PENGHULU DI KABUPATEN AGAM DAN TINJAUAN MAQASHID SYARIAH TENTANG PENGGUNAAN TEKNOLOGI INFORMASI DALAM TAUKIL WALI NIKAH
Authors: Reviko Reviko
Published: October 2024

Taukil wali nikah through information technology means the delegation of power and authority by the marriage guardian to another in the marriage contract by using information technology. This research aims to describe the implementation of taukil wali nikah through information technology and the opinion of penghulu in Agam Regency from the perspective of maqashid sharia with focus on two questions; first, how is the implementation of taukil wali nikah through information technology in Agam Regency, second, how is taukil wali nikah through information technology according to the opinion of the penghulu in Agam Regency from the perspective of maqashid syariah. This research use desciptive qualitative approach. Data collected through interviews and documentation. There were two penghulu opinions; Firstly, its use is permitted for reasons of convenience and technology use. This is in line with the maqashid sharia as an effort to maintain brides propoerty at the hajiyyah level. Second, its use must not be for the reason of avoiding marriage guardian identity and legal certainty in registering marriages. This is also in accordance with the maqashid sharia as an effort to maintain descendants at the tahsiniyyah level. In this condition, implementing taukil wali nikah through information technology is preferred over not implementing it.
IMPLEMENTASI PERKEMBANGAN PEMIKIRAN EKONOMI SYARIAH DALAM MEWUJUDKAN LEMBAGA PERBANKAN SYARIAH DI INDONESIA
Authors: Kusuma Nurul Rahmah , Hakim Atang Abdul , Suherli Ian Rakhmawan
Published: October 2024

The rapid development of Indonesian sharia banking institutions is marked by a change in the paradigm of capitalism towards a paradigm of religiosity and collaboration of thought by ulama, intellectuals, Muslim entrepreneurs, and the needs of society regarding the importance of implementing economics in accordance with Islamic principles. The aim of this research is to clarify sharia economic thinking in creating sharia banking institutions in Indonesia. This research method uses a qualitative library research approach, in the form of a library study sourced from secondary data, consisting of a collection of theories, books and research results related to sharia economic thinking and the formation of sharia banking institutions. The research results show that the formation of Indonesian sharia banking institutions exists to answer the problems faced by the Muslim community related to the phenomenon of usury in the banking sector. based on sharia economic thinking, sharia banking institutions were formed to achieve benefits, namely fulfilling the goals of maqashid sharia including fulfilling religion, soul, reason, lineage and property, and in implementing the concept it is the result of the IDB mainstream school, where sharia banking institutions emerged when This is by modern economic developments which are then modified to conform to Islamic principles.
KEDUDUKAN LETTER C SEBAGAI JAMINAN HUTANG DITINJAU DARI HUKUM ISLAM
Authors: Sari Septi Wulan , Cholifah Ulfa Nur
Published: October 2024

Collateral is one of the important principles that must be considered in debt agreements because it plays a role in providing legal certainty that the recipient of the debt will pay back his debts. Rural communities use Letter C as a substitute for land rights certificates including making them as a collateral for debt. In Islamic law, debt guarantees are included in the rahn contract. Letter C used as collateral for debt needs to be reviewed for its position so that Muslims know the validity of using Letter C as collateral for debt from the point of view of Islamic Law. What is the position of Letter C as collateral for debt in terms of Islamic law? To unravel these problems, normative legal research methods are used by collecting legal materials through library research. The result obtained is that the position of Letter C as collateral for debt in Islamic law is reviewed using a rahn contract where Letter C is allowed as collateral for debt because the Qur'an, hadith and sharia provisions do not prohibit it. Letter C may be used as collateral for debt because it complies with the principle of freedom (Al-Hurriyah) and the principle of agreement (Al-Ridha).
LEGISLASI HUKUM EKONOMI SYARI’AH DI INDONESIA
Authors: Nikmah Lailatun , Aibak Kutbuddin , Noerdiana Arina Ilfi
Published: October 2024

Legislation is a process that takes place in legislative institutions, namely the creation and promulgation of laws and regulations. Islamic legal material can be included into the legislative process through a positivization mechanism. One of the sub-fields in the study of Islamic law is sharia economic law. Sharia economic law is a subsystem in the Islamic legal system which has experienced significant development over time. Therefore, there is a need for legal positivization through legal legislation efforts. The position of sharia economic law in the legal system has been implemented, as seen from the many institutions or economic institutions that are based on sharia values. There are several regulations in the field of sharia economic law that have been made by legislative institutions which originate from Islamic legal norms.
POLEMIK PENERAPAN ATURAN PASAL 209 KOMPILASI HUKUM ISLAM TENTANG KETENTUAN WASIAT WAJIBAH
Authors: Mahfuzh Faza Amrar , Is Muhammad Fadhlan
Published: October 2024

The existence of the articles on wills and testaments in the Compilation of Islamic Law has given rise to many legal disputes and disparities by judges. On the one hand, he confirms that he is an adopted child, on the other hand he denies it. As much, there is a need for clear rules regarding with adopted child recognized as a heir. The provisions on obligatory williay in the KHI are contrary to the text of the Al-Qur'an because adopted children are not included as heirs. The methodology in this research was library research using a descriptive qualitative approach. The focus of the research is to answer how the polemic occurred when and after the formulation of article 209 regarding the will of wajibah and what the ijtihad method was used as the basis in producing the provisions of the will of wajibah. The results of the research revealed the fact that there is no different opinion during the formulation of the KHI, no different opinion emerged after the formulation of the KHI by two groups of thought from Islamic law academics or Indonesian Islamic organizations regarding the provisions of mandatory wills, regarding the following thouhgts: First, the text-based group, namely the group that opposed the provisions of the will of wajibah because it violates the nas qat'i. Hence, it is necessary to revise and improve the dictum of article 208, including the application of the article wasiat wajibah with the condition that it is approved by the heirs, the heir leaves a large amount of assets and the adopted child's share cannot exceed the smallest share among the true heirs; Secondly, the group has an assimilative pattern, fully accepting the will of wajibah with a new interpretive approach by proposing revisions. The Ijtihad method in article 209 is a form of combining intiqo'i (selective) ijtihad with insha'i (creative) ijtihad.
Investigation of Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Properties of Sunda Porcupine’s (Hystrix javanica, F.Cuvier 1823) Quills Ethanolic Crude Extract
Authors: Muhamad Arif Budiman  , Pamungkas Rizki Ferdian  , Tri Hadi Handayani  , Rizki Rabeca Elfirta  , Masrukhin  , Herjuno Ari Nugroho  , Ni Luh Putu Rischa Phadmachanty  , Wartika Rosa Farida  , Ardya Widyastuti  , Dianita Dwi Sugiartanti
Published: October 2024

The Sunda porcupine (Hystrix javanica, F.Cuvier, 1823) is a rodent-mammal species native to Indonesia and is utilised in traditional medicine for the treatment of various ailments. Some ethnic communities in Indonesia have traditional beliefs regarding Sunda porcupine’s quills, which are thought to relieve back pain and toothache. Despite this traditional knowledge, there is limited scientific research on the topic. The aim of this study was to identify active compound in an ethanolic crude extract of Sunda porcupine’s quills, and to evaluate its antioxidant and antimicrobial properties. The antioxidant activity was evaluated using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH)-free radical scavenging assay while the antimicrobial activity was evaluated through microdilution resazurin assay. The total phenolic and flavonoid contents were also determined to support the antioxidant properties. The active compounds were identified using gas chromatography-mass spectrophotometer (GCMS) with the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST-11) library. The result showed that the extract possesses antioxidant properties (IC50 138.93 ?g/mL) and antimicrobial properties against Escherichia coli (E. coli), Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), Bacillus subtilis (B. subtilis), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) and Candida albicans (C. albicans) (IC50 range 0.40 mg/mL–33.05 mg/mL). Total phenolic content (TPC) and total flavonoid content (TFC) were 27.29 ± 2.20 mgGAE/g and 27.09 ± 1.66 mgQE/g, respectively. A total of 24 active compounds from the crude extract were identified. As much as five compounds serve as antioxidant agents, including: butylated hydroxytoluene; eicosane; 1-iodo-hexadecane; methyl ester hexadecanoic acid; and L-(+)-ascorbic acid 2,6-dihexadecanoate. Furthermore, as much as 11 compounds serve as antimicrobial agents, including: tetradecane; pentadecane; 2-isopropyl-5-methyl-1-heptanol; hexadecane; butylated hydroxytoluene; eicosane; 1-iodo-hexadecane; methyl ester hexadecanoic acid; benzenepropanoic acid, 3,5-bis(1,1-dimethylethyl)-4-hydroxy-, methyl ester; L-(+)-ascorbic acid 2,6-dihexadecanoate; and octadecanoic acid. This study provides scientific validation for the use of the Sunda porcupine’s quills in traditional medicine and highlights the potential for further research in animal bioprospecting.
Characterisation of C-C Ligand 7 (CCL7) as Asthma Genetic Marker in Pigtailed Monkey
Authors: Sela S Mariya  , Uus Saepuloh  , Novi Febriani  , Dyah Perwitasari-Farajallah  , Diah Iskandriati  , Huda S Darusman  , Joko Pamungkas
Published: October 2024

The pigtailed monkey (Macaca nemestrina) is one of the species that have potency like the cynomolgus monkey that is widely used as an animal model for asthma study. The CCL7 gene has potential as a genetic marker because of the secreted chemokine that plays a role in asthma. The aims of this research are to characterise the CCL7 gene of pigtailed monkey, compare the structure of their CCL7 gene with other primate species and determine model 3D structure protein prediction of CCL7 protein. The amplicons were sequenced, and the results were analysed by the bioinformatics technique. The 3D CCL7 protein structure was predicted using I-TASSER. We have isolated 2221 bp sequences CCL7 gene and 109 amino acids from pigtailed monkey. Variation of CCL7 gene sequence between pigtailed monkey and other primate species (Macaca fascicularis, M. mulatta and Homo sapiens) was found in exon 1, exon 2 and exon 3 as CDS (Coding DNA Sequence) region. The analysis homology of nucleotides and amino acid sequences of the CCL7 gene indicated that the pigtailed monkey and three other primate species have a high homology rate with an identity score above 90%. Meanwhile, a comparative analysis of CDS and amino acid regions showed that the pigtailed monkey also has the highest similarity with the three other primate species with more than 90% identity score. The 3D structure protein prediction model of the CCL7 pigtailed monkey revealed the highest similarity with H. sapiens with an identity value of about 95%. Therefore, the pigtailed monkey CCL7 gene has high similarity with H. sapiens, which means that based on molecular similarity, the pigtailed monkey has the potential to be an animal model for asthma study, especially the study of molecular and the role of CCL7 in asthma pathogenesis.
Identification of Benthic Foraminifera Presence in the Marginal Environments of Biliran Island, Philippines
Authors: Ernil D. Sumayao  , Andrew S. Dy
Published: October 2024

Benthic foraminifera are unicellular marine micro-organism with a hard exoskeleton and commonly present in the benthic community of marine ecosystem. This study aimed to identify the benthic foraminifera present along the coastal areas of eight municipalities in Biliran Island, Philippines. Quadrat sampling was conducted and three samples per quadrant transect of 1 m × 1 m divided into nine squares were collected. The samples were then observed under the microscope, and the specimens seen were identified by comparing them with the images of the sample species from the website https://marinespecies.org/. The researchers conducted an in-situ collection of the foraminiferal shells from intertidal areas along shallow water coastlines of the island. Results showed that the coastal environment of Biliran Island has the presence of the genera Spirillina, Quinqueloculina, Marginopora and Sorites. The identified species were classified based on their feeding mechanisms as herbivory and passive suspension feeding. The presence of benthic foraminifera species along the coastal environments of Biliran Island provides a record of the environment where they are found, making them natural bioindicators of water quality. This study provides a baseline for further studies on the distribution and abundance of benthic foraminifera in the area and can contribute to the understanding of the environmental conditions of the coastal areas in Biliran Island.
Further Insights into The Pathogenic Mechanisms of Haemotropic Mycoplasma ovis
Authors: Paul Bura Thlama  , Jesse Faez Firdaus Abdullah  , Kamaludeen Juriah  , Chung Eric Lim Teik  , Che’ Amat Azlan  , Mohd Lila Mohd Azmi
Published: October 2024

In this study, we examined the effects of experimental intraperitoneal infection with haemotropic Mycoplasma ovis (0.5 mL of blood containing 80% parasitaemia) on selected serum biomarkers and cellular pathology in mice. After infection, M. ovis cells appeared in the blood films within one week. A dose-dependent peak of parasitemia was observed during the 3rd-week post-infection (pi), with a significant decrease in mean PCV between treatment versus control group at week 3 (t14 = –3.693, P < 0.02), week 5 (t14 = –2.096, P = 0.055), and week 7 (t14 = –4.329, P = 0.001). There was a significantly (t8 = –2.330, P = 0.048) lower serum oestrogen in treatment (10.38 ± 5.07) than control (17.43 ± 4.48), while serum progesterone was significantly (t8 = 5.415, P = 0.001) increased in treatment (27.37 ± 2.17) than control (15.92 ± 4.20). Serum haptoglobin was significantly (t8 = 8.525, P < 0.01) lower in treatment (8.72 ± 1.49) than control (18.16 ± 1.98) while the SAA was significantly (t8 = 3.362, P = 0.01) higher in treatment (16.79 ± 2.71) than control (11.59 ± 2.15). Prominent lesions observed in the ovary include degeneration, necrosis, vacuolation, and hypertrophy of the lutein cells in corpora lutea. In the lymph nodes, diffused cellular hyperplasia of the lymphoid tissue in the cortex. In the liver, degeneration and necrosis accompanied by leucocytic cellular infiltration and Kupffer cell proliferation within the sinusoids. There were diffused leucocytic infiltrations and proliferative lesions in the glomerulus of the kidneys. The disturbance in progesterone and ovarian pathology highlights the potential role of haemotropic M. ovis in reproductive disorders. The observed changes in biomarkers and cellular reactions following M. ovis infection in the mouse may be further advanced in sheep and goats.
Phenology and Breeding Mechanisms of Calamus lobbianus Becc. and Calamus pygmaeus Becc.
Authors: Ng Win Seng  , Wong Sin Yeng  , Hashimah Elias  , Meekiong Kalu
Published: October 2024

The floral biology of Calamus is relatively unknown except for several species. In this study, Calamus lobbianus and Calamus pygmaeus were selected to represent the non-climbing rattan of the Sundaland’s flagellate group. Observations on phenology, floral rewards and floral visitors as well as experiments on the breeding mechanism and operational sex ratio were performed for both species. For both species, anthesis started in the early morning for pistillate and staminate plants, ended by late noon (staminate plants) but lasted till the next day in pistillate plants for both species. Although both species appeared to be aseasonal in flowering, C. lobbianus exhibited a male-biased population while C. pygmaeus did not exhibit any sex bias. Nectar was observed to be extruded from the base of the petals of C. lobbianus of the staminate flowers and sterile staminate flowers of the pistillate plants. The concentration and volume of the nectar of the staminate flower and sterile staminate flower of C. lobbianus peaked at c. 11% and 9 ?L around 1100 (Day 1) and c. 13% and 8 ?L around 0930 (Day 1), respectively, but only appeared as a layer of glistening exudate in C. pygmaeus. Floral scent was not detected in any of the inflorescences of both species. Several insect visitors were observed to be the primary visitors of both Calamus species which include two species of Tetragonula, a species of Liostenogaster sp., and Stenodyneriellus sp. Experiments on breeding mechanism of C. lobbianus and C. pygmaeus indicate that both species are most likely apomictic. C. pygmaeus is capable of vegetative propagation through the rooting at the tip of inflorescence.
Idiosyncratic risk and stock price crash risk: The moderating role of discretionary income smoothing
Authors: Cecilia Setiawan Jeanice , Arni Rudiawarni Felizia , Sulistiawan Dedhy , Radu Valentin
Published: October 2024

Given the growing significance of the capital market, investors tend to steer clear of stock price crashes. This study aims to examine how idiosyncratic risk affects the likelihood of a stock price crash and how discretionary income smoothing affects the relationship between them. This study uses a data panel to empirically examine the hypothesis. This study uses a data panel to empirically examine the hypothesis, using 1,203 firm-year observations from non-financial companies publicly traded on the Indonesia Stock Exchange from 2019 to 2021. The results show that firms with greater idiosyncratic risk do not significantly generate higher stock price crash risk. Nevertheless, this study also discovered that managing discretionary income smoothing is essential to increasing the risk of crashes. The test shows that the coefficient of discretionary income smoothing is 0.153 and significant with a t-value of 2.104. Moreover, the investigations also indicate that greater use of discretionary income smoothing can amplify the impact of idiosyncratic risk on the likelihood of stock price crashes. This is shown from the results where the moderation of the two variables has a positive coefficient of 0.087 and is significant at 10% with a t-value of 1.446. Based on the findings, this study concludes that the presence of idiosyncratic risk by itself may not substantially impact the probability of stock market crashes. However, combined with discretionary income smoothing, it can worsen the potential negative consequences. It implies that how a firm reports its income can affect its susceptibility to stock price crashes.
Campañas electorales de 2023 en Argentina y España: influencers políticas en TikTok
Authors: García Beaudoux Virginia , Slimovich Ana
Published: October 2024

Este artículo analiza las características de la comunicación política emitida por influencers políticas en TikTok durante las campañas electorales nacionales que tuvieron lugar en España y Argentina en 2023. Los resultados que se discuten proceden de un estudio de carácter exploratorio, e indican que los videos publicados contienen más información política dura que información blanda o politainment, que predominan las micro-argumentaciones que apelan a la lógica, que el humor no fue muy utilizado como recurso de comunicación, que se comunicaron en proporciones semejantes emociones positivas y negativas, que publicaron más contenidos sociales y políticos que personales, y que el nivel de protagonismo de las publicaciones que efectuaron fue muy alto.
Intraspecific variation of Scorpaenopsis possi Randall et Eschmeyer, 2002 (Pisces: Scorpaenidae)
Authors: Zhukov Mikhail , Fricke Ronald
Published: October 2024

The genus Scorpaenopsis has been intensively studied in recent decades. Sixteen species were known before the revision by Randall and Eschmeyer, who described 8  new species in 2002, and nowadays 29  species are known. Two specimens of Scorpaenopsis from the collection of the Zoological Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences are intermediate in a number of parameters between Scorpaenopsis possi Randall et Eschmeyer 2002 and Scorpaenopsis eschmeyeri Randall et Greenfield 2004. The range of S. possi extends from the Indian Ocean coast of Africa and the Red Sea to the Marquesas Islands in the Pacific Ocean, the latitude of the range lies between the 30th latitudes of both hemispheres. The species S. eschmeyeri inhabits a much smaller range from the east coast of Australia to the island of Fiji. The aim of this work is to explain the appearance of S. possi, similar to S. eschmeyeri in some morphological diagnostic characters, almost 12,000 km apart from its range. The number of soft rays in the dorsal fin, which is unusual for the genus Scorpaenopsis, is described. Due to the lack of persistent distinguishing characters between S. possi and S. eschmeyeri, it is highly probable that both are conspecific; in that case S. eschmeyeri would be a junior synonym of S. possi.
Integrated environmental and social assessment of alum-contaminated water in An Giang province
Authors: Nguyen Trung Thanh , Cao Son Dai Hai , Tran Quoc Thao , Le Tri Thich , Nguyen Thi Thuy , Nguyen Thi Quynh Anh , Phan Phuoc Toan , Tran Le Ba , Padungthon Surapol , Huy Nguyen Nhat
Published: October 2024

This study investigates alum-contaminated water in An Giang province within the Mekong Delta, emphasizing methodological approaches to assess its distribution and impacts. The research conducted from March to May 2021 involved surveys of residents, public sector employees, and provincial managers, complemented by expert interviews and extensive fieldwork. Surface water samples were collected during both rainy and dry seasons across three districts, with parameters such as turbidity, pH, and temperature measured onsite, and aluminum (Al), iron (Fe), and copper (Cu) concentrations analyzed in the laboratory using atomic absorption spectrometry. The data were further processed using QGIS software to create comprehensive maps illustrating seasonal variations in water quality. The findings revealed significant spatial and temporal variations in water quality, with pH levels fluctuating markedly between the dry and rainy seasons. Household surveys indicated a lack of awareness regarding effective water treatment methods, with most respondents relying on local authorities for solutions. The study highlights the need for community education and participation in addressing alum contamination, offering insights into the environmental and public health implications of water quality in the region. This research contributes valuable knowledge to the ongoing efforts in environmental conservation and water quality management in the Mekong Delta.
Alman Dili ve Edebiyatı Lisans Programında Uygulanan Öğretim Programının Öğrencilerin Görüşleri Doğrultusunda Değerlendirilmesi: Fırat Üniversitesi Örneği
Authors: Karaman Fatma
Published: October 2024

Bu çalışmanın amacı Fırat Üniversitesi Alman Dili ve Edebiyatı lisans programında uygulanan Almanca öğretim programını öğrencilerin deneyim ve görüşleri doğrultusunda değerlendirmek ve elde edilen veriler doğrultusunda uygulanan öğretim programının verimliliği ve amaca hizmet etme durumunu belirleyerek öğretim programının iyileştirilmesi veya geliştirilmesine ilişkin önerilerde bulunmaktır. Bu amaca ulaşmak için çalışmada nitel araştırma yöntemlerinden fenomenoloji yöntemi tercih edilmiştir. Bu çalışmanın araştırma grubunu çalışmanın konusuna ilişkin deneyimleri olan Fırat Üniversitesi Alman Dili ve Edebiyatı lisans programında öğrenim gören 1.,2.,3., ve 4. sınıf öğrencileri oluşturmaktadır. Bu çalışmanın verileri yarı yapılandırılmış görüşme tekniğiyle elde edilmiştir. Çalışmada görüşme tekniği kullanılarak elde edilen veriler betimsel analiz yöntemiyle analiz edilmiştir.
Alman dili ve edebiyatı lisans programında uygulanan öğretim programının genel olarak tüm katılımcılara göre Almanca dilbilgisine olumlu katkısının olduğu ancak dil kullanımına katkı sağlamadığı belirlenmiştir. Uygulanan öğretim programı dil becerilerinin edinimi, edebiyat ve dilbilim dersleri açısından lisans programının amacına hizmet etmediği sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Resmi program ile uygulanan programın birbirinden farklı olduğu bulgulanmıştır. Bu bağlamda çalışmadan elde edilen verilerin, diğer üniversitelerin öğretim programları ve Alman dili ve edebiyatının günümüz iş ve eğitim dünyasının koşulları ve beklentileri dikkate alınarak Fırat üniversitesi Alman dili ve edebiyatı öğretim programının güncellenmesi önerilmiştir.
Polymeric Vehicles for Nucleic Acid Delivery: Enhancing the Therapeutic Efficacy and Cellular Uptake
Authors: Gupta Parul , Sharma Anjali , Mittal Vishnu
Published: October 2024

Background:

Therapeutic gene delivery may be facilitated by the use of polymeric carriers.
When combined with nucleic acids to form nanoparticles or polyplexes, a variety of polymers
may shield the cargo from in vivo breakdown and clearance while also making it easier for it to enter
intracellular compartments.

Aim and Objectives:

Polymer synthesis design choices result in a wide variety of compounds and
vehicle compositions. Depending on the application, these characteristics may be changed to provide
enhanced endosomal escape, longer-lasting distribution, or stronger connection with nucleic
acid cargo and cells. Here, we outline current methods for delivering genes in preclinical and clinical
settings using polymers.

Methodology:

Significant therapeutic outcomes have previously been attained using genetic material-
delivering polymer vehicles in both in-vitro and animal models. When combined with nucleic acids
to form nanoparticles or polyplexes, a variety of polymers may shield the cargo from in vivo
breakdown and clearance while also making it easier for it to enter intracellular compartments.
Many innovative diagnoses for nucleic acids have been investigated and put through clinical assessment
in the past 20 years.

Results:

Polymer-based carriers have additional delivery issues due to their changes in method and
place of biological action, as well as variances in biophysical characteristics. We cover recent custom
polymeric carrier architectures that were tuned for nucleic acid payloads such genomemodifying
nucleic acids, siRNA, microRNA, and plasmid DNA.

Conclusion:

In conclusion, the development of polymeric carriers for gene delivery holds promise
for therapeutic applications. Through careful design and optimization, these carriers can overcome
various challenges associated with nucleic acid delivery, offering new avenues for treating a wide
range of diseases.
Corrigendum to: Review on Hydrogel Based Systems and their use in Drug
Delivery for Wound Healing & Wound Management
Authors: Jayswal Meet A. , Ahlawat Priyanka , Patel Ashaben
Published: October 2024

It was observed that the authors and publishers inadvertently omitted the paragraph titled "Review on Hydrogel" in the article.
“Based Systems and their Use in Drug Delivery for Wound Healing & Wound Management” published in Current
Materials Science, 2024, 17(4), 336-357 [1].

Details of the error and a correction are provided here.

Original:

excellent moisture retention, supplying moisture to the wound site, maintaining a moist environment for cell migration, and
encouraging cell proliferation [55].

Corrected:

Chemical hydrogel has better mechanical properties than hydrogel, which is physically cross-linked. It has exceptional moisture
retention, supplies moisture to the affected area, maintains a moist environment to support cell migration, and encourages cell
proliferation [54, 55].

We regret the error and apologize to readers.

The original article can be found online at https://www.eurekaselect.com/article/132833
ANALISIS DETERMINAN PENYALURAN KREDIT NEGARA-NEGARA DENGAN PENYALURAN KREDIT TERTINGGI DAN TERENDAH DI DUNIA
Authors: Puspita Annisa Putri , Prestianawati Silvi Asna
Published: October 2024

This research aims to analyze the determinants of domestic credit distribution in countries with highest and lowest lending in the world. This research uses a quantitative descriptive approach with data panel regression method. The data is secondary data from the World Bank from 2013-2019 in Georgia, Vietnam, Thailand, Norwegia, Korea, Cina, Madagaskar, Bulgaria, Guyana, Indonesia, Guatemala, and Bangladesh. The implication of this research is expected to be able to contribute towards government policy, namely improving credit quality in Georgia, Vietnam, Thailand, Norwegia, Korea, Cina, Madagaskar, Bulgaria, Guyana, Indonesia, Guatemala, and Bangladesh. The results show that GDP and tax are significant to domestic credit distribution in countries with highest and lowest lending in the world, while interest rates have no significant effect.
Analysis of Biennial Peak Discharges in the Lower Kening River Using the Nakayasu Method
Authors:   Civil Engineering Department, Bojonegoro University, 62119, Indonesia, Putri Ayuning Tyas Novita , Mushthofa Mushthofa ,   Civil Engineering Department, Bojonegoro University, 62119, Indonesia, Indriani Yulia ,   Civil Engineering Department, Bojonegoro University, 62119, Indonesia
Published: October 2024

Flooding is a persistent and challenging issue in many regions, requiring precise methods for estimating peak flood discharge to improve flood management strategies. Accurate discharge estimates are essential for designing effective flood control infrastructure and implementing mitigation measures. This study uses the Nakayasu Synthetic Unit Hydrograph (SUH) method to estimate peak flood discharge for a 2-year return period in the Kening River Flow Area, Parengan sub-district, Tuban district, and East Java Province. This research used various methods for rainfall analysis, including the Gumbel, Pearson III, and log-normal distributions. In contrast, rainfall intensity calculations were carried out using the Mononobe and ABM methods. The research highlights the effectiveness of these methods in predicting rainfall intensity and peak discharge, providing valuable insights for flood management practices. The results show that the Nakayasu SUH method predicts a peak discharge of 206.62 m³/second. By improving the accuracy of flood discharge predictions, this study supports better planning and design of flood control structures, which is crucial for managing flood risks and enhancing infrastructure resilience in flood-prone areas. These findings are expected to improve flood management practices and infrastructure planning.
Comparison of Behavior of Reinforced Concrete Dual-system Structure (Frame-Shear Wall) and Steel Dual-system Structure (Frame- Special Plate Shear Wall) in High Rise Building (Case Study: IT Mandiri Bumi Slipi Building)
Authors:   Department of Civil Engineering, Universitas Jember, 68121, Indonesia, Amir Ahmad Yusron Auliya , Krisnamurti Krisnamurti ,   Department of Civil Engineering, Universitas Jember, 68121, Indonesia, Wiswamitra Ketut Aswatama ,   Department of Civil Engineering, Universitas Jember, 68121, Indonesia
Published: October 2024

Indonesia is vulnerable to earthquakes due to its location on the “Ring of Fire,” recent research highlights the potential for megathrust earthquakes off the southern coasts of Java and Sumatra. Researching earthquake-resistant building structures' behavior is very important to obtain a more effective and efficient structure. Materials, structural types, and forces such as dead loads, live loads, and earthquake loads influence the structural behavior of high-rise buildings. IT Mandiri Bumi Slipi building, with a height of 149.6 m and 32 floors, exhibits structural irregularities vulnerable to earthquakes. High-rise buildings require earthquake-resistant systems, such as dual-system structures incorporating frames and shear walls. This study compares the behavior of reinforced concrete and steel structures (special plate shear walls) in a 32-story building, focusing on structural weight, beam bending moment, base shear force, and seismic displacement. The analysis used ETABS software and LRFD principles, with spectrum response analysis for seismic loads. Results showed that the reinforced concrete model had seismic base shear forces of 21578.87 kN in the X direction and 21577.91 kN in the Y direction, with drifts of 276.664 mm in the X direction and 141.33 mm in the Y direction, and the largest beam bending moment of 6713.27 kN-m. The steel model shows seismic base shear forces of 10927.52 kN in the X direction and 10929.99 kN in the Y direction, with drifts of 250.31 mm in the X direction and 119.33 mm in the Y direction, and the largest beam bending moment of 4221.82 kN-m. Steel structures are lighter and more effective at resisting seismic loads than concrete, with a weight of 257801.8 kN versus 508305.6 kN and smaller drift and shear force. These findings serve as a reference for innovation in earthquake-resistant construction of high-rise buildings.
A Fuzzy Approach on Earned Value Method to Evaluate Project Performance in Solojebres Commuter Depot
Authors:   Civil Engineering Department, Universitas Brawijaya, 65145, Indonesia, Firdausi Ahmad Kahfi , Anwar M. Ruslin ,   Civil Engineering Department, Universitas Brawijaya, 65145, Indonesia, Rachmansyah Arief ,   Civil Engineering Department, Universitas Brawijaya, 65145, Indonesia
Published: October 2024

The high level of public interest in using the Solo-Jogja commuter needs to be accompanied by an effort to improve the services and reliability of facilities, one of which is the establishment of a Commuter Depot located at Solojebres Station. In the 18th month of work, the construction of the Commuter Depot experienced delays in work performance with a deviation between plan progress and actual progress of -3.5415%. This research aims to evaluate project performance, including the project's cost and schedule performances, and estimate the cost and schedule of the project at completion due to delays that occur using the Earned Value Method with a fuzzy approach. The required data are the Budget Plan, Weekly Project Report, S-curve, and Actual Cost data. Based on the analysis result, until the 18th month of work, obtained the total Planned Value of IDR 64,581,925,585 (simplified to IDR 6,458.2), the total Actual Cost of IDR 63,954,955,399 (simplified to IDR 6,395.5), the total Fuzzy Earned Value of IDR 62,740,381,379.42 (simplified to IDR 6,274.0), the Cost Performance Index indicates that the project is ahead of budget condition, the Schedule Performance Index indicates that the project is behind schedule condition, the Cost Estimate at Completion of IDR 96,048,508,686 with the cost needed to complete the rest of work of IDR 32,093,553,287 and the Schedule Estimate at Completion of 27.03 months with the time required to complete the rest of work of 9.03 months.
Settlement of Dam During and End of Construction using Numerical Analysis
Authors:   Civil Engineering Department, Universitas Brawijaya, 65145, Indonesia, Kurniawati Tri , Suryo Eko Andi ,   Civil Engineering Department, Universitas Brawijaya, 65145, Indonesia, Zaika Yulvi ,   Civil Engineering Department, Universitas Brawijaya, 65145, Indonesia
Published: October 2024

The construction process of the Tilong Dam induced significant settlement in the surrounding areas. This study aimed to enhance our understanding of the factors that influenced settlement behavior and improve the reliability of predictive models by using instrumentation data regarding the dam's vertical displacement. Numerical modeling was conducted to consider the actual embankment conditions and analyze the changes in the immediate settlement during and after construction. After the Tilong Dam construction, the measurements and numerical analysis showed settlements ranging from 0 to 832 mm. It was noted that settlements were expected during and after the construction, particularly at the dam's mid-sections. The back analysis method was employed to establish the values for material properties, specifically Young's modulus and Poisson's ratio, which affected the displacement. A multivariate regression comparison between the observed and predicted data yielded a determination coefficient (R²) of 0.914. This indicated a strong correlation between the observed and predicted values.
Optimizing the Use of Water, Energy and Waste Resources in Green Buildings: Critical Review, Benefits and Challenges
Authors:   Civil Engineering Department, Universitas Tarumanegara, 11440, Indonesia, Sarifudin Firman , Jin Oei Fuk ,   Civil Engineering Department, Universitas Tarumanegara, 11440, Indonesia
Published: October 2024

Research on themes related to green buildings is very important because it relates to building environmentally friendly buildings that prioritize sustainability. However, Green Building and Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) research tends not to be comprehensive because it only relates to building construction and energy efficiency. For this reason, this research will discuss various things about green buildings and criticize what has been analyzed, whether it is still appropriate or not, considering current conditions that already use wireless and IoT technology. Through literature review techniques, this research examines themes related to the civil sector and the implementation of Green Building goals and SDGs. The Systematic Literature Review (SLR ) method is used. Namely, in-depth criticism and evaluation of previous research carried out systematically by applying applicable standards, using the Viosviewer and Publish and Perish applications. This method examines research results published in journals in a particular field. Literature reviews discuss previous research that meets SDGS objectives and is related to the civil sector. This research used 300 earlier studies with a research period ranging from 2010-2023 or 14 years. The research results show that the theme that is often raised is green materials and technology. The use of technology to measure building performance and energy efficiency is the most widely discussed theme. However, the analysis of Green Building and SDGs is rarely linked to IoT technology, saving water use, rainwater utilization, environmentally based wastewater management, and green building education, even though this is closely related to cost efficiency, energy efficiency, and speed, in communicating to achieve SDGs goals.
Biomasa aérea y carbono en el suelo en rodales de pino-encino bajo tratamientos silvícolas
Authors: Ambrosio-Lazo Ashmir , Rodríguez-Ortiz Gerardo , Santiago-García Wenceslao , Ruiz Luna Judith , Velasco-Velasco Vicente Arturo , Enríquez-del Valle José Raymundo
Published: October 2024

El aprovechamiento maderable modifica los patrones de partición y acumulación de biomasa estructural y de compartimentos del bosque; determinar dicha acumulación es importante para conocer el efecto de los tratamientos silvícolas (TS) aplicados. El objetivo de este trabajo fue analizar biomasa aérea y carbono (C) del suelo en rodales bajo TS aplicados en el periodo 2013-2014, en San Juan Lachao, Oaxaca. En 2022 se establecieron de manera selectiva 12 sitios (UM) en cuatro tratamientos, tres TS: 1er aclareo (1A), aclareo libre (AL), corta de regeneración (CR), y un área sin manejo (ASM). Se realizó inventario arbóreo y del piso forestal y sotobosque, para estimar la biomasa estructural y de compartimentos. Los tratamientos se diferenciaron mediante modelo lineal generalizado y comparación de medias (Duncan, 0.05); las UM se clasificaron mediante análisis clúster. Los tratamientos generan montos diferenciados (p < 0.01) en la biomasa de arbustos, hojarasca, humus y densidad aparente del suelo; pero no en la biomasa aérea total (p > 0.05). El área con CR mostró la mayor cantidad de biomasa en el compartimento herbáceo y arbustivo con 0.24 t ha-1 y 3.80 t ha-1, respectivamente. ASM, AL y 1A mostraron diferencia significativa de biomasa en humus (p < 0.01) en comparación con CR (3.93 t ha-1), con incrementos respectivos de 160%, 265% y 275%. El ASM presentó la mayor acumulación de biomasa aérea total (180.49 t ha-1), mientras que los TS, en promedio, registraron 166.97 t ha-1. El contenido de materia orgánica (11.6%) y C (6.7%) en el suelo del ASM fue significativamente diferente (p ≤ 0.01) al de los TS. Los TS modifican la biomasa de los compartimentos del piso forestal, lo cual puede revertirse con la aplicación de tratamientos complementarios
PENDAMPINGAN PENGOLAHAN LIMBAH ORGANIK MENJADI ECOENZYME BAGI GURU-GURU SMP SEKABUPATEN MAGELANG
Authors: Yosephine Louise Isana Supiah , Rohaeti Eli , Aznam Nurfina , Arianingrum Retno , Budiasih Kun Sri , Mercuriani Ixora Sartika , Rinawati Wika , Fitriyana Nur
Published: October 2024

Sampah rumah tangga umumnya berupa sampah organik, demikian juga limbah/sampah pedagang lotis/rujak, jus, sayur dan buah, yang umumna hanya dibuang begitu saja, menumpuk dan menyebabkan aroma tidak sedap dan menyebabkan sarang lalat, yang berakibat terhadap kesehatan masyarakat sekitar. Untuk itu perlu diupayakan pengolahan limbah rumah tangga, penjual lotis/rujak, jus, sayur dan buah yang berupa limbah/sampah organik menjadi produk yang bermanfaat dan memiliki nilai ekonom. Pada kegiatan pendampingan guru-guru SMP se-Kabupaten Magelang dengan dana dari Program MF (Matching Fund) 2023 (Ristekdikti) telah dikenalkan produk ecoenzim sebagai produk fermentasi limbah/sampah organik, yang memiliki banyak manfaat, antara lain, pupuk, insektisida, dan memiliki khasiat obat (obat luar). Selama kegiatan pendampingan, peserta tidak hanya dikenalkan produk ecoenzim secara teori, tetapi langsung mempraktekkan pembuatan ecoenzim, dengan bahan-bahan dan peralatan yang telah disediakan. Peserta sangat menikmati dan sangat bersemangat selama pendampingan, secara umum peserta menyatakan bahwa kegiatan ini sangat bermanfaat, penyampaian materi dapat diterima dnegan sangat baik, metoda yang digunakan sangat sesuai dan kegiatan ini sangat membantu membuka wawasan peserta pendampingan.
Rintisan Kampung Iklim Berbasis Pengembangan Tanaman Perkebunan dengan Metode Agroforestri di Desa Grogol
Authors: Sukoco Heru , Izzati Fazida
Published: October 2024

Desa Grogol merupakan salah satu desa yang terletak di Kecamatan Paliyan, Kabupaten Gunungkidul yang mayoritas masyarakatnya bermata pencaharian sebagai Petani. Akan tetapi, terdapat kendala yang dialami yaitu pemanfaatan tanaman perkebunan yang belum bervariasi karena struktur tanah yang sukar dalam menyerap air sehingga tidak semua tanaman perkebunan dapat bertahan dan berkembang. Tujuan dari adanya Program Penguatan Kapasitas  Organisasi Kemahasiswaan (PPK Ormawa) BEM FMIPA UNY yang diadakan di Desa Grogol berupaya menjadikan Desa Grogol menjadi rintisan kampung iklim mandiri yang tanggap akan upaya adaptasi dan mitigasi perubahan iklim. Hasil yang dicapai adalah terbentuknya lahan agroforestri, terdapat resapan air berupa biopori, inovasi energi alternatif dari pemanfaatan kotoran ternak, produk kerajinan berupa ecoprint dan ecobrick, serta terbentuknya lembaga kampung iklim yang membantu mensukseskan Desa Grogol menjadi Rintisan Kampung Iklim.