bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ON THE NEED FOR IMPROVEMENT OF LEGISLATION REGARDING IMPLEMENTATION OF FORENSIC SCIENCE ACTIVITIES IN UKRAINE
Authors: Simakova-Yefremian E.
Published: April 2020

The issue of reforming forensic expert support for justice and the need to improve the legislation of Ukraine regarding forensic science activity were investigated. Despite the fact that in recent years, the norms of the laws of Ukraine have been actively subjected to quite significant changes, some issues remain to be resolved on the legal regulation of forensic expert support for justice in the state. The analysis of the specialized literature and relevant legislation confirms the relevance of this issue. On the basis of studying the norms of the basic and procedural legislation regarding forensic science, proposals for its improvement are presented. So, in order to improve the legislation governing forensic science and the unambiguous application of the conceptual apparatus in this field, it is proposed to change the title of Article 1 of the Law of Ukraine On Judicial Examination and introduce the basic terms used in this Law in the the Criminal Procedural Code of Ukraine, Civil Procedural Code of Ukraine, Code of Administrative Proceedings of Ukraine. Improving the regulatory framework for the appointment and performing forensic examinations, as well as the legal status of a forensic expert on the basis of creating the proper legal status and legal support for organizing activities of the system of state forensic expert institutions, as well as forensic experts who do not work in these institutions; increasing the role of legitimate ways to motivate forensic experts; combating corruption in the field of forensics is one of the most important tasks of forensic expert support in the state. The implementation of the proposed measures will be a powerful lever of influence on the processes of improving forensic activities.
EXPERT WITNESS IN UKRAINIAN LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
Authors: Shcherbakovskiy M. , Kurylenko D.
Published: April 2020

The concept of Expert Witness is not covered by the procedural legislation of Ukraine, although it has become widespread in research papers of processional scientists. In scientific publications, scholars are fragmentarily considering certain categories of versed persons, formulate the notion of special knowledge that they possess, but the types of specialists, their functions and competence still remain controversial and ambiguously interpreted by lawyers.
The purpose of this article is to define the general concept and functional purpose of expert witnesses in any type of legal process, their classification, to clarify expertise structure.
This article proves that expert witnesses can have special (non-legal) expertise and expertise in the field of law. The purpose of involving expert witnesses is to assist the authorized participants of the process in the performance of their functions. Expert witnesses include: forensic expert; legal expert; specialist; translator, sign language interpreter, persons testifying on the basis of their expertise; medical examiner, teacher, psychologist, doctor, psychiatrist, auditor; inspectors; experts of the Scientific Advisory Board of the Supreme Court; consultants pre-investigate facilities, screening and forensic facilities and persons according to criminal records. There are two grounds for the classification of expert witnesses in legal proceedings: the first is the direct or indirect way of participation in the proceedings; the second is the degree of legal regulation of the process and results of the activities of expert witnesses.
Expert witness in legal proceedings is subject owning expertise (non-legal) in a particular field of human activity or legal knowledge, skills in their application is not a professional participant in the process, is involved directly or indirectly in a procedurally regulated or non-regulated form or at the discretion of an authorized person (body) to assist in the resolution of the tasks of the judiciary and the information and documents provided by him are used as sources of evidence or background information serving grounds for procedural, tactical and organizational decisions.
SPECIFIC FEATURES OF FORENSIC EXAMINATION OF LAND MANAGEMENT DOCUMENTATION IN ESTABLISHING THE BOUNDARIES OF ADMINISTRATIVE-TERRITORIAL UNITS
Authors: Ripenko A. , Yaremko Y. , Peskov I.
Published: April 2020

The paper considers the administrative-territorial system of Ukraine. The procedure of boundary determination, in particular the development of the relevant land management project, the procedure for conducting the state land survey of the project, its approval and certification of the borders are analyzed.
The problematic aspects of the execution of the judicial examination of documentation on the establishment of boundaries of administrative-territorial units are characterized. The emphasis is placed on the importance of adhering to the procedure of analysis of normative-legal and regulatory-technical documents in force at the moment of making the relevant decisions and development of relevant documentation.
Ways to improve scientific and methodological support of forensic activities in Ukraine are proposed.
ISSUES REGARDING ESTIMATION OF THE COST OF SERVICES WHILE ARRYING OUT TRADEMARK EXAMINATIONS
Authors: Sabadash I. , Hubareva V.
Published: April 2020

The development of new directions while performing of various types of examinations and forensic researches is one of the priority areas of scientific activity of experts of forensic science institutions of the Ministry of Justice of Ukraine. One of problematic issues arising at the present stage of the development of forensic trade analysis is determining the cost of services, choosing a methodological approach and method for performing aforesaid researches, the limits of competence of forensic trade experts while determining the cost of certain services. Creating methodological recommendations “Determining the Cost of Services while performing forensic trade analysis «will contribute to the improvement of the quality of expert practice in carrying out the forensic examinations in this field.
Whole performing forensic trade researches to determine the cost of services in the framework of the expert subject field 12.1. «Determining the cost of machinery, equipment, raw materials and consumer goods» raises a lot of disputes and doubts, both among forensic experts working in state expert institutions and among appraisers. This is due to the fact that the service is considered to be a product that is endless that means intangible. Also, one of the arguments is that the word service is not listed in the title of specialty 12.1 and does not apply to objects of valuation in intangible form, according to the definitions of national standard No. 1 «General principles for property and property rights assessment».
At the 39th meeting of the section of forensic trade analysis at the Ministry of Justice of Ukraine which was held in May 2018, it was proposed to consider a research work on the topic: “Determining the cost of services while performing forensic trade examinations” will contribute to ensure objectivity and completeness of research on determining the cost of services, the formation of uniform methodological principles for performing examinations and forensic researches in this area filling in the gaps in determining the cost of services, using them for preparing and confirmation of the qualifications of forensic experts in relevant subject field.
IMPORTANCE OF THE FORENSIC MEDICAL DETERMINATION OF THE FORMATION MECHANISM OF BODY INJURIES DURING EXAMINATION OF DETAINED PERSONS
Authors: Olkhovskyi V. , Kaplunovskiy P. , Gubin M. , Balanovskyi V.
Published: April 2020

Detainees often complain about the unlawful use of force when special means and methods of detention were used, which they take as beatings and torture. Victims with such injuries commonly become the object of forensic medical examination of alive persons which is carried out during the trial and pre-trial investigation. There is a need to systematize and classify many types of mechanical and other types of injury: specific, typical or atypical for the well-known classical methods of hand-to-hand combat that law enforcement officers use.
The purpose of this work was to characterize injuries in victims received during their detention by law enforcement agencies and provide their morphological and clinical analysis in order to identify ways to improve the effectiveness of these injuries’ forensic assessment in the examination of alive persons.
Based on a retrospective morphological and clinical analysis of archival materials of the Kharkiv Regional Bureau of Forensic Medical Examination, the frequency and types of injuries, that were detected during the examination, of suspects injured in the course of their arrest by law enforcement agencies were determined. The features of forensic medical expert assessment in determining the mechanism, the severity of injuries associated with the detention of suspects by law enforcement agencies were defined. In the forensic medical expert practice, in the examination of alive persons when determining severity of injuries to suspects detained by law enforcement agencies, slight injuries and, in certain cases, injuries of moderate severity prevailed.
The localization and the mechanism of bodily injuries formation in detained victims, in some cases, allows to qualify such injuries as specific for detention by law enforcement agencies. A further prospect of this study is the identification and justification of clear diagnostic indications for the forensic assessment of bodily injuries received by suspects when detained by law enforcement agencies that arise from the action of blunt solid, sharp objects, gunshot wounds.
FEATURES OF DECISION OF QUESTIONS OF COMPLEX RESEARCH OF SIGNATURES
Authors: Syrotenko N. , Abrosymova V. , Svyrydova L.
Published: April 2020

In this article, some examples of case study research are considered in the examples from expert practice, namely: signatures and handwritten records of surnames and initials, serving as certificates of specific persons, in the locations of which there were no additional strokes that did not belong to.
Purpose. The purpose of the article is to determine the necessity of a comprehensive handwriting and technical study of documents for objective, comprehensive and complete research and to provide a sound and correct conclusion for the questions posed before the examination.
When considering the tasks, cognitive methods were used: description and observation; methods of analysis and synthesis.
The above examples from expert practice and the presented studies prove the importance of strict observance of expert handwriting of all stages and levels of the expert method of investigation of signatures (short manuscripts); the need for complex research: handwriting and technical study of documents, in the case of identifying unnecessary strokes at the location of the studied handwriting objects; compulsory mastery of the expert-handwriter basic knowledge of technical study of documents.
THE INVECTIGATION OF FALSIFICATION AND TURNOVER OF FALSIFIED MEDICINES: INVESTIGATOR INTERACTION PROBLEMS
Authors: Parfylo I.
Published: April 2020

The article deal with the problems of the interaction of the investigator in the investigation of falsification and turnover of falsified medicines. A detailed analysis of the scientists views on the definition of "interaction" as a scientific category, its principles and values that are debatable in criminalistics was carried out. Particular attention is paid to the criminalistic nature and forms of interaction in the investigated crime. It is substantiated that the systematization of forms of interaction of the investigator in the specified type of crimes investigation should be performed according to the criterion of the subject taking into account the peculiarities of their legal regulation.
According to the results of the generalization of the judicial and investigative practice materials, it is determined that the employees of the operational units and specialists are the main subjects of interaction with the investigator in the falsification and turnover of falsified medicines investigation.
In addition, it is noticed a great importance of the interaction of the investigator with the State Service for Medicines and Drug Control of Ukraine, actual forms of interaction of which include, among other things, the identification of signs of falsified medicines or activity related to falsification and prevention of these crimes.
Based on the specifics of such category of crimes, the necessity of increasing the level of interaction of the investigator has been proved, which will greatly contribute to the efficiency of conducting investigative (investigative) actions, saving forces and time at the beginning of criminal proceedings, which is a necessary prerequisite for successful investigation.
FEATURES OF EXPERT RESEARCH ON THE EFFECTS OF LOCK PICK ON THE INNER SURFACES OF CYLINDER MECHANISMS OF LOCKS
Authors: Chernov V. , Golomisyuk Е. , Evseev Р.
Published: April 2020

The features of the expert study of traces from the effects of foreign objects on the inner surfaces of the cylinder mechanisms are considered. With the trasological examination of locks, most experts after examining the external and internal surfaces of the cylinder mechanisms of locks, unlocked by various types of keys, falsified or selected keys, ambiguously understand the mechanism of their trace formation, which can sometimes lead to a false conclusion.
The purpose of the work is to present the results of the investigation of the mechanism of trace formation and localization of signs of exposure of foreign objects (lock pick, selected or fake keys) on the internal surfaces of the cylinder mechanisms of locks and recommendations to forensic experts in drawing conclusions during the course of the Trasological research.
The mechanism of trace formation is considered, the characteristic and classification of traces of exposure to foreign objects are provided (lock pick, selected or fake keys). Groups of lock pick are identified, which are most often found in the Commission of criminal offenses, for their further research. A number of experimental studies have been carried out to study and analyze the mechanism of trace formation, as well as to localize the signs of influence of certain groups of lock pick on the internal surfaces of the cylinder mechanisms of the lock. The progress of the experimental studies has been described in stages. The results of the research on the opening of the cylinder mechanisms of locks are presented with various types of lock pick, depending on their design features. The illustrations explain the conditions for the location of traces on the relevant parts of the cylinder mechanisms of locks from the influence of the respective groups of lock pick.
The results of an experimental study are summarized and conclusions are made on the possible conditions for the mechanism of trace formation. Recommendations to judicial experts on the formulation of conclusions in the course of trasological studies of cylinder locking mechanisms are proposed.
COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE METHODS OF FINANCIAL AND ECONOMIC EXAMINATIONS TO DETERMINE INSOLVENCY
Authors: Liodorova J. , Mamikonyan K. , Markina O.
Published: April 2020

The article describes the methods of financial and economic examinations to determine the insolvency of a company in the Baltic countries, Republic of Armenia, Ukraine, Republic of Belarus, the Russian Federation and Republic of Kazakhstan. The signs of insolvency regulated in legislation of the countries, and international requirements for the validation of expert methods are presented in the article. The authors present the results of a comparative analysis of the considered methods for assessing insolvency and results of testing methods based on data of annual reports of focus group of five Latvian bankrupt companies.
The research has shown that the expert methods of all eight countries are based on a normative approach — comparing the calculated financial ratios with their normative value. In Ukraine, Republic of Belarus, the Russian Federation and Republic of Kazakhstan, the financial ratios and their normative values are approved in the legislation of the countries. In the Baltic countries and Republic of Armenia, these ratios and their values are developed in approved expert methodologies. The method of «net assets» is also used to assess the solvency of large companies.
The test results showed that the methods of the countries reviewed are applicable in practice and give a similar assessment of the solvency of companies as a whole. More similar results present the methods of the Baltic countries, Ukraine and Republic of Belarus. The results of the methods of Republic of Armenia, Kazakhstan and the Russian Federation are more similar to each other, but slightly differ from the previously listed group of countries.
The authors demonstrated the ability to validate the expert methods, which is necessary to use an expert conclusion on the assessment of insolvency as an evidence base in another country.
LOSSES AS A SUBJECT TO LEGAL ECONOMIC EXAMINATION IN CRIMINAL PROCEEDINGS
Authors: Anishchenko O. , Danylchenko O.
Published: April 2020

In criminal proceedings, in the process of investigation or judicial consideration of cases of theft and appropriation of property and economic crimes, a forensic economic examination is appointed, during which conflict situations in the financial and economic activities of enterprises, which resulted in losses, loss of material and material assets and money, are investigated. That is, forensic economic expertise is a form of use of specialized knowledge in criminal proceedings.
Research within the framework of economic expertise is based on the study of the economic activity of the enterprise, the processes of formation of financial indicators on the carried out transactions and the correctness of their recording in the accounting.
According to article 242, paragraph 1, of the Criminal Procedure Code of Ukraine, and paragraph 2. 3 of the Instructions on the Appointment and Conduct of Forensic Examinations and Expert Studies, «Methods of Solving Issues of Material Damage by Forensic and Economic Examination,» the question of establishing losses in their legal sense goes beyond the limits established by law of the use of specialized knowledge by a judicial expert economist.
The issue of the wrongfulness of a person ‘s conduct, due to its legal nature, cannot be decided by a forensic and economic examination. The decision of such a question is the exclusive competence of the investigator or the court.
When deciding on the determination of material damage (losses), the expert economist, within the limits of his competence, determines only the economic side of the losses caused to the victim, regardless of the reasons for their occurrence.
Keywords: losses, the making elements of losses, methods of assessment of damage and its size, competence, competence.
QUESTIONS THAT ARE ARRANGED WHEN CARRYING OUT THE EXAMINATION ON DOCUMENTAL CONFIRMATION OF THE FAILURE OF COMBUSTIBLE MATERIALS.
Authors: Мarchenko T.
Published: April 2020

One of the most important tasks of economic expertise in the study of accounting, tax accounting and reporting documents, which are established by the Scientific and Methodological Recommendations on the preparation and appointment of forensic examinations and expert studies, approved by order of the Ministry of Justice of Ukraine of October 8, 1998 № 53/5, is the definition of a documentary confirmation of the size of the shortage of fixed assets, material values, stocks, including the shortage of fuel and lubricants.
The above regulatory document to the indicative list of issues addressed by this type of forensic examination included the following:
- Is the shortage of fixed assets, material values, stocks (including fuel and lubricants) established by the inventory report at the enterprise (the name of the enterprise is indicated) documented for the period of the materially responsible person (the employee is indicated, the materially responsible person) in the amount of (indicate quantitative and value indicators) as of (date indicated)?
In the modern world, business entities for conducting accounting and tax accounting, the preparation of documents using specialized software.
Therefore, recently, a significant part of forensic economic examinations on the issue of confirming the shortage of fixed assets, material values, stocks, including fuel and lubricants, is appointed not only for properly prepared inventory materials and accounting records of a business entity provided for research to experts, but also by screenshots (snapshots of images on the screen of documents, programs, diagrams, etc.), which in their opinion may be documentary evidence of this s accounting and inventory results.
The article describes an example of the question put to the study, provides an analysis of the current legislation of Ukraine on the correctness of the inventory of fuels and lubricants and the determination of the shortage, as well as an algorithm for conducting expert examinations as defined by the legislation of Ukraine. Analyzed the materials provided to the expert, which cannot be documented evidence of a shortage of fuel and lubricants.
FEATURES MERCHANDISING RESEARCH OF MEDICAL GOODS
Authors: Tarasiutina S.
Published: April 2020

This article outlines the issues of conducting forensic examination of medical goods. Attention is focused on regulating the turnover and sale of such goods by relevant regulatory and technical documents. According to the results of expert practice, the need for the creation of the research work “Methodological recommendations for merchandising research of medical goods” was revealed.
In order to optimize the work during the study, special attention is paid to the classification of goods. Despite the fact that the life and health of each of us depends on the safety and effectiveness of medical goods, the transparency and clarity of the settlement of legal relations in the production and circulation of these products guarantee its quality. Due to the imbalance of the economy, there is a cessation or a significant decrease in the volume of production of the pharmacy assortment, at the same time, the market is saturated with low-quality or counterfeit goods. The main areas of falsification: assortment, quality, value, quantitative, information. The careful application of merchandising analysis at all stages of product distribution, including when placing an order for a product, receiving it, evaluating it by quantity and quality, as well as when storing it in a pharmacy, pharmacy or medical treatment, can help eliminate or suspend these negative processes in practical pharmacy. preventive institution. Commodity analysis allows you to identify high-quality medical supplies by the organoleptic method, check their quantity, assortment accessories, evaluate their safety and the like. The following types of merchandising analysis are distinguished: documentary, qualitative, quantitative, assortment and complex. An integral part of any product is its labeling - a carrier of relevant information both about the product itself and about items related to its circulation. Starting January 1, 2019, mandatory marking was introduced using units of the International System (SI). Changes in the legislative framework regarding the taxation of medical goods affect their value.
ACTUAL ISSUES OF CONSTRUCTION AND TECHNICAL RESEARCH WITH APPLICATION OF TEST LABORATORIES
Authors: Kontymyrova V. , Mazurova V.
Published: April 2020

In modern conditions of development of the construction industry, the issue of improving the quality of research using test building laboratories has become urgent. The article details what kind of documentation the testing laboratory should have. The premises in which the tests are carried out must meet the requirements of the test methods applicable to the production area, the condition and conditions that are provided for in them (temperature, humidity, air purity, lighting, sound insulation and vibration, protection from radiation of electric, magnetic and other physical fields, parameters of all electric networks), as well as sanitary norms and rules, requirements for safety and environmental protection. The testing laboratory must have the equipment necessary for testing and measuring equipment in all respects. Testing equipment and measuring instruments must comply with the requirements of regulatory documents and test methods. This article describes the types of construction work that are subject to quality control, and also describes the basic requirements for laboratories, equipment and personnel. The article also addresses issues related to quality control in construction, as well as describes the most pressing issue that experts are currently facing, namely: the examination of the construction of roads, parking lots, sites and other road construction facilities. Moreover, the article reflects that it is necessary to conduct testing and quality control of building materials and quality control of the work performed. In testing construction and technical laboratories, they determine the technological and operational properties of concrete, brick, insulation materials; testing the strength of concrete on samples extracted from reinforced concrete and concrete structures; coring should be carried out according to technology using special equipment for diamond drilling in natural conditions.
High-frequency analysis, Model Validation and Intraday risk metrics
Authors: Summinga-Sonagadu Ravi
Published: April 2020

https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9091/7/1/10
Background
Despite the growing amount of research in the field of high frequency financial data analysis, few studies have focused on model validation and high-frequency risk measures. This study contributes to the literature in the following ways:

A rigorous model validation, both in terms of in-sample fit and out-sample performance for the MC-GARCH model under five error distributions is provided. Statistical and graphical tests are conducted to validate the models.
One component of the MC-GARCH model is the daily variance forecast. For this purpose, the GARCH(1,1) and EGARCH(1,1) under the five error distributions are compared and the best model among the 10 GARCH models is used to forecast the daily variance.
The modelling and forecasting performance of the MC-GARCH model under different distributional assumptions is assessed in this study.
The 99% intraday VaR is forecasted and three backtesting procedures are used. This is the first study to assess the VaR predictive ability of the MC-GARCH models by using an asymmetric VaR loss function.
This is the first study to forecast the intraday expected shortfall under different distributional assumptions for the MC-GARCH model. Again, three backtests are used including the recently proposed ES regression backtest.

Due to the high importance of risk management, the results of this study may contribute in many fields. This study is highly relevant to the banking industry since banks are required to calculate risk metrics on a daily basis for internal control purposes and for determining their capital requirements. Risk measurement is also essential to the insurance industry from the pricing of insurance contracts to determining the Solvency Capital Requirement (SCR) and therefore the results of this study might be useful. Any other organisation having an exposure to some kind of financial risk might benefit from this study. 
关于工业园区环保管家技术服务工作研究
Authors: 陆 芳华 , 谭 东栋 , 高 颖丹
Published: April 2020

工业园区是产业升级的重要载体和城市化建设的基础保障。对于推动区域经济可持续发展具有实际意义。然而,在工业园区建设过程中,暴露出的环境问题也尤为明显。对此,本文论述了环保管家的优势,以及其在工业园区中的应用形式,同时围绕如何推广环保管家技术服务展开说明。
Estimativa 2014 – Incidência de Câncer no Brasil
Authors: Facina Taís
Published: April 2020

A edição Estimativa 2014 – Incidência de Câncer no Brasil é de referência para os anos 2014 e 2015, trazendo 19 tipos específicos de câncer, com base na magnitude e no impacto. Além de informações consolidadas para todo o país, a publicação também apresenta as análises por região, Estados e capitais.
Principles of Least Action in Urban Traffic Flow
Authors: Klumpenhouwer Willem , Kattan Lina
Published: April 2020

Drawing on the strong connection between traffic modelling and physics we apply the principle of least action to traffic flow in an urban setting.
Mediatización de las epidemias: la cobertura sobre la pandemia de la gripe A (H1N1) de 2009 en Argentina, Estados Unidos y Venezuela
Authors: Hallin Daniel C. , Briggs Charles L. , Mantini-Briggs Clara , Spinelli Hugo , Sy Anahi
Published: April 2020

En este artículo se explora la mediatización de las epidemias como objeto de conocimiento público, mediante un análisis de contenido de las noticias sobre la gripe A (H1N1) de 2009 en Argentina, Estados Unidos y Venezuela. Los resultados indican que los periódicos siguieron los esfuerzos de las autoridades sanitarias de movilizar la atención pública y, simultáneamente, contener la alarma exagerada y los discursos sobre el virus.
Desempenho produtivo de genótipos de canola na região central do Rio Grande do Sul
Authors: Bottega Eduardo Leonel , Oliveira Zanandra Boff de , Knies Alberto Eduardo , Silva Clarissa Moraes da , Souza Irajá Jantsch de , Rodrigues Larrissa Ribeiro , Link Tiago Todolo
Published: April 2020

A canola apresenta-se como potencial cultura para exploração agrícola no Brasil, podendo ser inserida em sistema de rotação de culturas, contudo, a identificação de épocas de semeadura e do potencial produtivo dos genótipos disponíveis no mercado se faz necessário. Este trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar o desempenho de genótipos de canola semeados em diferentes épocas no município de Cachoeira do Sul-RS. O trabalho foi conduzido na Fazenda Experimental da UERGS, no município de Cachoeira do Sul-RS. O delineamento experimental adotado foi o de bloco casualizados, em esquema fatorial 5x6, com três repetições. Os fatores foram compostos por cinco diferentes genótipos de canola (Hyola433, Hyola575, Hyola571, Hyola61, Hyola50) e seis épocas de semeadura (21/04; 06/05; 20/05; 10/06; 24/06 e 08/07). Foi estimada a massa de mil grãos (MMG) e a produtividade de cada genótipo para as datas de semeadura estudadas. Os dados foram submetidos à análise de variância, ocorrendo interação significativa, procederam-se os desdobramentos necessários. As médias foram comparadas pelo teste Scott-Knott (p<0,05). Empregou-se análise de regressão linear para avaliar o efeito do atraso na época de semeadura sobre a produtividade da canola. A massa de mil grãos foi influenciada pela época de semeadura, genótipo e pela interação entre estes fatores. A maior massa de mil grãos (3,51 g), considerando a média obtida para todos os genótipos, foi observada para semeadura realizada em 21/04. O genótipo Hyola61 apresentou maior massa de mil grãos (3,47 g), considerando a média obtida para todas as datas de semeadura. A produtividade da cultura da canola foi influenciada pela época de semeadura, genótipo e pela interação entre estes fatores. A semeadura da canola, realizada após 20/05, reduziu a produtividade da cultura, independente do genótipo cultivado.
Inoculação e coinoculação com Bradyhizobium japonicum e Azospirillum brasilense na cultura da sojaOJA
Authors: Meert Leandro , Fernandes Fernando Baise , Müller Marcelo Marques Lopes , Rizzardi Diego Ary , Espindola Jhone De Souza
Published: April 2020

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito da inoculação e coinoculação de sementes de soja com diferentes bactérias fixadoras de nitrogênio, associadas ou não à adubação nitrogenada, sobre os componentes de produção, produtividade e acúmulo de nitrogênio da cultura da soja. O delineamento experimental foi blocos casualizados, com quatro repetições, em esquema fatorial 4 x 2, avaliando-se sem inoculação, inoculação com Azospirillum brasilense, inoculação com Bradyrhizobium japonicum e inoculação com Azospirillum brasilense + Bradyrhizobium japonicum, e dois níveis de adubação nitrogenada: controle sem nitrogênio, adubação com 90 kg ha-1. A maior altura de plantas foi verificada no tratamento com adição de 90 kg ha-1 e sem nenhuma forma de inoculação. O número de vagens e o número de grãos por vagem não foram afetados pela adubação nitrogenada, mas foram significativamente maiores nos tratamentos com Bradyrhizobium japonicum e com a associação de Azospirillum brasilense + Bradyrhizobium japonicum. Na ausência da adubação nitrogenada, a produtividade de grãos foi superior com a coinoculação, e na presença de adubação nitrogenada a produtividade foi estatisticamente igual, sendo, portanto, a coinoculação sem adubação nitrogenada o melhor tratamento, devido ao menor custo. Houve um lucro 12% maior da coinoculação em relação a inoculação, sem a adubação nitrogenada.
Determinantes socioeconómicos de la frecuencia en las relaciones sexuales en población universitaria.
Authors: Montero Mestre Jorge , Ortíz Caro Leider , Castro Avila Robinson
Published: April 2020

El objetivo de este documento es evaluar algunos factores socioeconómicos, de índole social y en especial del grado de conocimiento y sensibilidad alrededor del tema de la sexualidad de la población joven universitaria, con la finalidad de brindar soporte a la necesidad o no de la puesta en marcha de campañas de prevención de factores de riesgo asociados a la actividad sexual. Los resultados indican que la edad del individuo, la edad de inicio de las relaciones sexuales, el consumo de alcohol y la puesta en práctica de técnicas de planificación, inciden en la frecuencia sexual de los jóvenes universitarios. Se concluye que la población joven pondera en mayor medida los riesgos a tener un embarazo no deseado que a las enfermedades de transmisión sexual.
Розвиток трудового потенціалу та потенціалу підприємства як фактори конкурентоспроможності підприємства
Authors: Чернявська Є.І. , Маслош О.В.
Published: April 2020

Стаття присвячена аналізу трудового потенціалу та потенціалу підприємства як факторів його конкурентоспроможності. В загальному плані  конкурентоспроможність підприємства – це його здатність виготовляти продукцію, що користується попитом у споживачів, і отримувати на цій підставі прибуток. Після ІІ світової війни частина традиційних корпорацій в результаті згортання економічного простору капіталу та розгортання НТП опинилася в кризовому стані. Обґрунтовано, що принципове удосконалення  виробничих відносин зумовило розвиток трудового потенціалу. Нові знання, кваліфікація, партнерський характер трудових відносин перетворили робочу силу на людський капітал. Реструктуризація корпорацій, реінжиніринг бізнес процесів надави поштовх розвитку потенціалу підприємства. Економіка в цілому, корпорації – зокрема перейшли на модель інтенсивного розвитку, що поставило в практичну площину можливості забезпечувати відповідний рівень конкурентоспроможності підприємств.
Постановка завдання експериментального дослідження з організаційного забезпечення взаємодії інституцій щодо попередження та вирішення конфліктів в громадах
Authors: Борова Г.О.
Published: April 2020

В статті показано що сьогодні існують передумови формування методологічної бази та практичних рекомендацій з окремих питань комплексного завдання з організаційного забезпечення взаємодії інституцій щодо попередження та вирішення конфліктів в громадах. Розглянуто практику використання принципу «знизу-догори» стосовно організаційного забезпечення взаємодії інституцій щодо попередження та вирішення конфліктів в громадах.

Визначено, що для забезпечення сталості у вирішенні конфліктів в громадах нині існує нагальна потреба у формуванні сталих підходів на локальному рівні: формування регіональних мереж аналітиків конфліктів та посередників у їх вирішенні на регіональному рівні; розробка сучасної інформаційні системи для аналізу, збору та висвітлення інформації про стан трансформації існуючих конфліктів. .

Встановлено, що система моніторингу, оцінювання та аналізу конфліктів в громадах повинна за структурою відповідати зовнішнім функціям, функціям окремих виконавців та організованому циклу роботи з конфліктом. Визначена мета та завдання експериментальних досліджень з організаційного забезпечення взаємодії інституцій щодо попередження та вирішення конфліктів в громадах. Розглянуто основні засади, завдання та складові впровадження експерименту зі створення геоінформаційної системи моніторингу, аналізу, оцінки та вирішення конфліктів в громадах.
Relativistic runaway electron avalanche
Authors: Babich L P
Published: April 2020

Discussed are the genesis of the concept of the relativistic runaway electron avalanche (RREA) and its mechanism as an analog of the Townsend’s avalanche, but capable of developing, unlike the latter, in weak thundercloud electric fields. Thanks to this, it was possible to overcome difficulties while interpreting results of observations of penetrating emission enhancements in thunderstorm atmospheres. The main inelastic interactions of high-energy electrons with atomic particles participating in the avalanche development are described; in terms of the drag forces, the essence of the runaway process is discussed; and methods of RREA numerical simulation are described. In approximate historical sequence, results of calculations of the spatial and temporal scales of the avalanche enhancement are analyzed and contemporary data on avalanche macroscopic characteristics are given, which is required for numerical simulations of the runaway electrons in the fluid approximation. As an extension to the relativistic range of the mechanism of the classical cathode-directed streamer, relativistic positive feedback is discussed, by means of which a generation of the RREA series, as a self-sustained process, is supported. Laboratory experiments on RREA modeling are described, in one of which the initial stage of the avalanche was produced.

The historical background of the issue is often more interesting than the results obtained.

I P Pavlov (1849–1936), 1904 Nobel Prize winner in Physiology and Medicine
Assessing the Productivity of Common Bean in Intercrop with Maize across Agro-Ecological Zones of Smallholder Farms in the Northern Highlands of Tanzania
Authors: Nassary Eliakira Kisetu , Baijukya Frederick , Ndakidemi Patrick Alois
Published: April 2020

Common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is an important grain legume for food and cash of the smallholder farmers worldwide. However, the total potential benefits to be derived from the common bean as a source of food and income, its complementarities with non-legume food crops, and significance to the environment are underexploited. Intensification of common bean could provide approaches that offer new techniques to better manage and monitor globally complex systems of sustainable food production. Therefore, this study tried to assess the productivity of common bean bushy varieties when are involved as part of an intercrop with maize (Zea mays L.) in varying agro-ecological zones. The factors evaluated were the cropping seasons/years (S) (2015 and 2016), agro-ecological zones (A) above sea level (lower 843 m, middle 1051 m, upper 1743 m), and cropping systems (C) (sole, intercrop). The data collected were the total biomass, number of pods per plant and seeds per pod, 100-seed weight as yield components, and grain yield. Bean and maize grain yields were used to calculate the partial (P) and total land equivalent ratio (LER). Results indicated that the main effects of S, A, C, and the interaction effects of S × A, S × C, S × A × C were significant on bean grain yields. Interactions of S × A × C were also significant on all measured variables. Results also indicated that continuous intercropping of bean with maize over two cropping seasons resulted in the increase of bean grain yields from 1.5 to 2.3 t ha−1 in the lower altitude, 2.0 to 2.3 t ha−1 in the middle altitude, and 1.8 to 2.9 t ha−1 in the upper altitude. Land utilization advantage of intercrops over monocultures yielded a total LER of 1.58, whereas the average partial land equivalent ratio (PLER) of individual beans was 1.53.
Are Wheat Hybrids More Affected by Weed Competition than Conventional Cultivars?
Authors: Milan Marco , Fogliatto Silvia , Blandino Massimo , Vidotto Francesco
Published: April 2020

Seeding rates of hybrid wheat varieties are typically much lower than conventional varieties due to their higher seed costs, which could potentially delay canopy development leading to greater weed pressures. To test whether hybrid wheat crops are more affected by weed pressure than conventional cultivars, a conventional variety (“Illico”) and a hybrid (“Hystar”), were compared in a three-year (2012–2016) field study at two sites in Northern Italy. Weed infestation was mainly characterized by weeds with an early growth pattern, and in only a few seasons did the hybrid crops show a higher weed density than the conventional cultivar. Despite the lower sowing rate, hybrids were able to achieve a similar crop density to the conventional cultivar even in years of delayed sowing or dry weather conditions. Normalized Difference Vegetation Index values were generally similar between cultivars across the years, regardless of the presence of weeds, except during the springtime. Occasionally, the test weight was significantly higher in weeded plots than un-weeded plots. Overall, the two cultivars showed similar yields within the same year. These results indicate that on fields with a low weed burden, and where these weeds emerge early, cultivars may not be significantly affected by productivity losses.
Region-Based CNN Method with Deformable Modules for Visually Classifying Concrete Cracks
Authors: Deng Lu , Chu Hong-Hu , Shi Peng , Wang Wei , Kong Xuan
Published: April 2020

Cracks are often the most intuitive indicators for assessing the condition of in-service structures. Intelligent detection methods based on regular convolutional neural networks (CNNs) have been widely applied to the field of crack detection in recently years; however, these methods exhibit unsatisfying performance on the detection of out-of-plane cracks. To overcome this drawback, a new type of region-based CNN (R-CNN) crack detector with deformable modules is proposed in the present study. The core idea of the method is to replace the traditional regular convolution and pooling operation with a deformable convolution operation and a deformable pooling operation. The idea is implemented on three different regular detectors, namely the Faster R-CNN, region-based fully convolutional networks (R-FCN), and feature pyramid network (FPN)-based Faster R-CNN. To examine the advantages of the proposed method, the results obtained from the proposed detector and corresponding regular detectors are compared. The results show that the addition of deformable modules improves the mean average precisions (mAPs) achieved by the Faster R-CNN, R-FCN, and FPN-based Faster R-CNN for crack detection. More importantly, adding deformable modules enables these detectors to detect the out-of-plane cracks that are difficult for regular detectors to detect.
Research on Semi-Active Vibration Control of Pipeline Based on Magneto-Rheological Damper
Authors: Ji Hui , Huang Yeqing , Nie Songlin , Yin Fanglong , Dai Zhaoyi
Published: April 2020

This paper proposes a scheme to control the low-frequency vibration of pipelines by using magneto-rheological (MR) vibration reduction technology. The state equation and the transfer function of the pipeline system are established, and its stability and the sinusoidal excitation response are analyzed. The prototype of MR damper is developed. The dynamic characteristics of MR damper are tested and the double-sigmoid model of MR damper is established. The two-state control, Proportion Integration Differentiation (PID) control and sliding-mode-variable-structure (SMVS) control methods of pipeline vibration using MR damper are analyzed comparatively, and the vibration control laws are deduced. The simulation analyses are carried out to predict the control effect of different pipeline vibration control algorithms. The verification tests through a semi-active measurement and control platform are carried out, and the feasibility and applicability of different pipeline vibration control strategies are analyzed. The test results show that the three kinds of pipeline vibration control methods based on MR damper can effectively control the pipeline vibration. Especially, SMVS control has the best vibration control effect, the pipeline amplitude drop and the acceleration drop can reach 22.31 dB and 16.34 dB respectively, while the amplitude attenuation rate and the acceleration attenuation rate can reach 92.34% and 84.77%, respectively.
Multi-modal Anterior Eye Imager Combining Ultra-High Resolution OCT and Microvascular Imaging for Structural and Functional Evaluation of the Human Eye
Authors: Xiao Peng , Duan Zhengyu , Wang Gengyuan , Deng Yuqing , Wang Qian , Zhang Jun , Liang Shanshan , Yuan Jin
Published: April 2020

To establish complementary information for the diagnosis and evaluation of ocular surface diseases, we developed a multi-modal, non-invasive optical imaging platform by combining ultra-high resolution optical coherence tomography (UHR-OCT) with a microvascular imaging system based on slit-lamp biomicroscopy. Our customized UHR-OCT module achieves an axial resolution of ≈2.9 μm in corneal tissue with a broadband light source and an A-line acquisition rate of 24 kHz with a line array CCD camera. The microvascular imaging module has a lateral resolution of 3.5 μm under maximum magnification of ≈187.5× with an imaging rate of 60 frames/s, which is sufficient to image the conjunctival vessel network and record the movement trajectory of clusters of red blood cells. By combining the imaging optical paths of different modules, our customized multi-modal anterior eye imaging platform is capable of performing real-time cross-sectional UHR-OCT imaging of the anterior eye, conjunctival vessel network imaging, high-resolution conjunctival blood flow videography, fluorescein staining and traditional slit-lamp imaging on a single device. With self-developed software, a conjunctival vessel network image and blood flow videography were further analyzed to acquire quantitative morphological and hemodynamics parameters, including vessel fractal dimensions, blood flow velocity and vessel diameters. The ability of our multi-modal anterior eye imager to provide both structural and functional information for ophthalmic clinical applications was demonstrated on a healthy human subject and a keratitis patient.
Automatic Cephalometric Landmark Detection on X-ray Images Using a Deep-Learning Method
Authors: Song Yu , Qiao Xu , Iwamoto Yutaro , Chen Yen-wei
Published: April 2020

Accurate automatic quantitative cephalometry are essential for orthodontics. However, manual labeling of cephalometric landmarks is tedious and subjective, which also must be performed by professional doctors. In recent years, deep learning has gained attention for its success in computer vision field. It has achieved large progress in resolving problems like image classification or image segmentation. In this paper, we propose a two-step method which can automatically detect cephalometric landmarks on skeletal X-ray images. First, we roughly extract a region of interest (ROI) patch for each landmark by registering the testing image to training images, which have annotated landmarks. Then, we utilize pre-trained networks with a backbone of ResNet50, which is a state-of-the-art convolutional neural network, to detect each landmark in each ROI patch. The network directly outputs the coordinates of the landmarks. We evaluate our method on two datasets: ISBI 2015 Grand Challenge in Dental X-ray Image Analysis and our own dataset provided by Shandong University. The experiments demonstrate that the proposed method can achieve satisfying results on both SDR (Successful Detection Rate) and SCR (Successful Classification Rate). However, the computational time issue remains to be improved in the future.