bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Adjuvant and Neoadjuvant Therapy for Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Wilson Gregory C , Xia Brent T , Ahmed Syed A
Published: January 2021

Despite decades of advancement and research into the multimodal care of pancreatic cancer, mortality after the diagnosis of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma remains grim. The role of adjuvant therapy following surgical resection has been well established in the literature. However, adjuvant therapy is imperfect, and outside of a clinical trial, there are high rates of omission or delayed initiation of therapy. Neoadjuvant treatment strategies continue to be explored in the management of resectable, borderline-resectable, and locally advanced unresectable pancreatic adenocarcinoma. With improved resection rates and the possibility for tumor downstaging, neoadjuvant therapy has become standard for patients with borderline-resectable and locally advanced unresectable tumors. Additional benefits of neoadjuvant therapy in the treatment of resectable tumors include improved completion rates of systemic therapy and R0 resection rates. Future clinical trials, including the use of novel treatment agents and combination treatment strategies in both neoadjuvant and adjuvant regimens, will add value to the treatment of pancreatic adenocarcinoma.
Key words: adjuvant therapy, borderline-resectable pancreatic cancer, locally advanced pancreatic cancer, neoadjuvant therapy, pancreatic adenocarcinoma, resectable disease
Nephrolithiasis
Authors: Dalziel Peregrine , Schirmer Nicholas
Published: January 2021

The term nephrolithiasis, often used synonymously with urolithiasis, refers to the formation of solid concretions consisting of both protein and crystalline materials in the lumen of the urinary tract. These calculi, or “stones,” become symptomatic when they cause acute obstruction, and as such, there are an unknown but probably large number of individuals with nephrolithiasis who are subclinical, without signs or symptoms. This review covers the pathophysiology, stabilization and assessment, diagnosis, and treatment of nephrolithiasis. Figures show ultrasound images of a stone with shadowing, a stone with a twinkling artifact, hydronephrosis, and a stone with shadowing at the ureterovesicular junction and a computed tomographic (CT) image showing a renal calculus at the ureterovesicular junction. Tables list drug-induced renal calculi, the proportion of stones spontaneously passing depending on size category as identified on CT, diagnostic test characteristics for renal colic diagnosis, the clinical prediction rule for the risk of renal stones, an example of the theoretical probability of stone disease using Moore and colleagues’ risk stratification, pooled test characteristics, bayesian analysis, and important pathology diagnosed on CT scan in the investigation of flank pain in four studies.
 
Key words: kidney stone, nephrolithiasis, renal calculus, renal stone, urolithiasis
This review contains 5 highly rendered figures, 6 tables, and 75 references.
Asthma
Authors: Hasegawa Kohei , Nsour Haitham , Dixon Anne E.
Published: January 2021

Asthma is one of the most common diseases in developed nations. A pathognomonic feature of asthma is episodic aggravations of the disease; these exacerbations can be life-threatening and contribute to a significant proportion of the public health burden of asthma. In the emergency department, successful management of asthma exacerbations requires early recognition and intervention before they become severe and potentially fatal. This review summarizes the pathophysiology, stabilization and assessment, diagnosis and treatment, and disposition and outcomes for asthma. Figures show the management of asthma exacerbations in the emergency department and hospital, pooled odds ratio comparing inhaled corticosteroids and oral corticosteroids with oral corticosteroids alone following emergency department discharge, and an asthma discharge plan at the emergency department. Tables list current asthma prevalence among selected demographic groups in the United States, risk factors for fatal asthma exacerbations, differential diagnosis of asthma exacerbations, and dosages of drugs for asthma exacerbations.

This review contains 3 figures, 16 tables, and 88 references.
Key Words: Asthma, allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis, gastroesophageal reflux disease, sinus disease, breathlessness, shortness of breath
Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia and other Chronic Lymphoid Leukemias
Authors: Shanafelt Tait D.
Published: January 2021

The chronic lymphoid leukemias are a group of generally indolent B cell malignancies that include chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), prolymphocytic leukemia, hairy cell leukemia, and large granular lymphocyte leukemia. The unique aspects of diagnosis and management for each condition are discussed separately, with the primary focus being on CLL, the most common form of leukemia in most Western countries. Charts show the percentages of CLL patients’ survival divided into Rai risk category, treatment-free survival, and overall survival, and an algorithm displays approaches to selecting therapy for CLL patients. Tables list how CLL and other B cell lymphoproliferative disorders can be distinguished using immunophenotyping, chromosome categories by fluorescence in situ hybridization for predicting CLL patient survival, criteria indications for the initiation of therapy from the International Workshop on CLL and the National Cancer Institute CLL Working Group, and criteria for high-risk CLL disease.
This review contains ­4 highly rendered figures, 4 tables, and 172 references.
Infertility Treatment: Ovulation Induction and Insemination
Authors: Katler Quinton , Zolton Jessica R , DeCherney Alan H.
Published: January 2021

For the majority of infertility patients, ovulation induction is the initial therapy. Treatment is individualized for a couple based on ovarian reserve testing, semen analysis, and the presence of anatomic pathology. Candidates for ovulation induction include those who are anovulatory and couples with unexplained infertility. The majority of patients diagnosed with anovulation have polycystic ovarian syndrome. Treatment options include clomiphene citrate and letrozole. For patients with hypogonadotropic hypogonadism, treatment involves injections with gonadotropins. Treatment is typically combined with intrauterine insemination to maximize pregnancy rates, especially in patients with male factor infertility or unexplained infertility. A stepwise approach is necessary, as patients who are unsuccessful with less invasive and costly treatments may eventually require in vitro fertilization.

This review contains 7 figures, 3 tables and 57 references
Key Words: clomiphene citrate, gonadotropins, infertility, intrauterine insemination, letrozole, ovulation induction, polycystic ovarian syndrome, unexplained infertility
Clinical Management of Drug Use Disorders
Authors: Thompson Alexander , Ando Timothy , Jackson James
Published: January 2021

Despite mammoth efforts toward the treatment and prevention of substance use disorders in the United States over the past 30 years, they remain a significant public health concern and an all-too-common comorbidity among people with other forms of mental illness. Continued research into genetics, pharmacotherapies, psychotherapies, and epidemiology for substance use disorders results in huge amounts of new information for clinicians to assimilate each year. This review summarizes current diagnostic and categorical standards in substance use disorders, epidemiology, genetic and physiologic factors in addiction for each class, clinically relevant laboratory testing, evidence-based treatments, and prognostic considerations in substance use disorders. Specifically, sections cover cannabinoids, hallucinogens, opioids, sedatives, and stimulants.
This review contains 3 figures, 6 tables and 60 references
Key words: benzodiazepines, cannabis, drug dependence, hallucinogens, MDMA, substance abuse, substance dependence, synthetic cannabinoids
Trichotillomania
Authors: Lochner Christine , Stein Dan , Thomas Eileen
Published: January 2021

Trichotillomania (hair pulling disorder [HPD]) is a common disorder affecting mostly women that is often underreported and underrecognized. This condition involves repetitive hair pulling resulting in hair loss with repeated unsuccessful attempts to control or stop the pulling behavior. Individuals usually attempt to conceal or camouflage the hair loss. Clinical phenomenology, neurobiology, and genetic underpinning suggest associations between obsessive-compulsive disorder and HPD.
This review contains 1 table, and 19 references.
Key words: hair loss, hair pulling, obsessive-compulsive and related disorder, trichotillomania
The Effect of BMI and Type 2 Diabetes on Socioeconomic Status: A Two-Sample Multivariable Mendelian Randomization Study
Authors: Pedron Sara , Kurz Christoph F. , Schwettmann Lars , Laxy Michael
Published: January 2021

OBJECTIVE

To assess the independent causal effect of BMI and type 2 diabetes (T2D) on socioeconomic outcomes by applying two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

We performed univariable and multivariable two-sample MR to jointly assess the effect of BMI and T2D on socioeconomic outcomes. We used overlapping genome-wide significant single nucleotide polymorphisms for BMI and T2D as instrumental variables. Their causal impact on household income and regional deprivation was assessed using summary-level data from the UK Biobank.

RESULTS

In the univariable analysis, higher BMI was related to lower income (marginal effect of 1-SD increase in BMI [β = −0.092; 95% CI −0.138; −0.047]) and higher deprivation (β = 0.051; 95% CI 0.022; 0.079). In the multivariable MR, the effect of BMI controlling for diabetes was slightly lower for income and deprivation. Diabetes was not associated with these outcomes.

CONCLUSIONS

High BMI, but not diabetes, shows a causal link with socioeconomic outcomes.
One in Ten CD8+ Cells in the Pancreas of Living Individuals With Recent Onset Type 1 Diabetes Recognizes the Preproinsulin Epitope PPI15-24
Authors: Admin Ada , Rodriguez-Calvo Teresa , Krogvold Lars , Amirian Natalie , Dahl-Jørgensen Knut , Herrath Matthias von
Published: January 2021

In type 1 diabetes, a
lifelong autoimmune disease, T cells infiltrate the islets and the exocrine
pancreas in high numbers. CD8+ T cells are the main cell type found in the
insulitic lesion, and CD8+ T cells reactive against beta cell antigens have
been detected in the periphery and in the pancreas of subjects with short and
long disease duration. The Diabetes Virus Detection (DiViD) study collected
pancreatic tissue, by pancreatic tail resection, from living patients with
recent-onset type 1 diabetes. These tissues have been extensively studied by
the scientific community, but the autoreactive nature of the T cell infiltrate
has remained unexplored. Our objective was to determine the number and
localization of these cells in pancreas samples obtained through the DiViD
study. Here, we demonstrate the presence of high frequencies of CD8+ T cells
reactive against a highly relevant epitope derived from the preproinsulin
signal peptide in pancreatic tissue samples from these donors. We additionally
show the heterogeneity of islet distribution and CD8+ T cell infiltration. Our
findings contribute to the current limited existing knowledge on T cell
reactivity in the pancreas of recent onset type 1 diabetic donors, and indicate
that antigen-specific therapies directed towards preproinsulin could have high
clinical impact.
Environmental Variability Of The Ponto-Caspian And Mediterranean Basins During The Last Climatic Macrocycle
Authors: Yanina Tamara A.
Published: January 2021

This paper reviews reconstructions of the the evolution of the Ponto-Caspian basin system to certain parts of the Pontian-Mediterranean system in order to analyze their correlation and response of the systems to the global climate change. The Ponto–Caspian and Mediterranean basins belong to different types of water basins and evolved differently in the Late Pleistocene responding in different ways to the global climate change. The paleogeographic reconstructions and correlation analysis of the Late Pleistocene events (within the last climatic macrocycle) made it possible to view the evolution of the basins as parts of a single system allowing to identify certain specific features and patterns in their functioning. The study is based on the analysis and integration of the data published by numerous researchers including the author of the paper and numerous colleagues from many countries who have been studying the paleogeography of the Ponto-Caspian and Mediterranean regions in the Late Pleistocene.
Impact Assessment And Stochastic Modeling Of Morphometric Parameters Of Thermokarst Hazard For Unpaved Roads
Authors: Orlov Timofey V. , Victorov Aleksey S. , Arkhipova Maria V. , Zverev Andrey V.
Published: January 2021

Active construction of new roads and other linear structures requires new techniques for the natural hazard assessment. These techniques can involve both stochastic modeling and remote sensing data (RSD). First, the dynamics of thermokarst appearance along an unpaved road (winter road) was analyzed. Then a probabilistic model of the thermokarst morphological pattern was developed for the area in the vicinity of a linear structure, a road in particular. The model operates with initial assumptions based on the physical parameters of thermokarst development and includes relations for estimating the distribution of morphometric dimensions of thermokarst depressions (ponds). The model was empirically tested for the study area, which represented a site with an unpaved road located in West Siberia region. To verify the model, we calculated the correlation coefficient values for the length of the focus projections on the linear structure and the perpendicular axis and compared the empirical distribution of the projections with the theoretical lognormal distribution using the Pearson’s criterion. The proposed model assumptions appeared to be valid for the study area, which makes it possible to proceed to the problem of probabilistic impact risk assessment to a linear structure by foci of human-induced thermokarst.
Land Use/Land Cover Change With Impact On Land Surface Temperature: A Case Study Of Mkda Planning Area, West Bengal, India
Authors: Fatema Samrin , Chakrabarty Dr. Abhisek
Published: January 2021

The type of surface influences the temperature of a surface. If it is made of concrete or another hard material, the temperature will be higher. Hence it is essential to study the land surface temperature (LST) of urban areas. The LST is an important parameter in the estimation of radiation budgets and heat balance and is a controlling factor of dynamic climate changes. In this work, we made an effort to identify the LST of the Midnapore Kharagpur Development Authority planning region. Multi-temporal images acquired by Landsat 7 ETM+, Landsat 5 TM and Landsat 8 using OLI sensors on 3 May 2001, 7 May 2011 and 29 May 2019, respectively, were corrected for radiometric and geometric errors and processed to extract LULC classes and LST. Thermal remote sensing can be used to monitor the temperature and local climate of urban areas. This study has shown that the temperature varies across the surface according to land use. It was found that the urbanized area increased from 6.79% (40.39 sq. km) to 11.6% (69.2 sq. km) between 2001 and 2011 and from 11.6% (69.2 sq. km) to 17.22 % (102.79 sq. km) between 2011 and 2019. The LST study has shown that there has been a tremendous change in the spatial pattern of the temperature between 2001 and 2019. Whereas in 2001 the highest temperature did not exceed 34°C, by 2019 it had increased by nearly 8°C, reaching 41.29°C. So, the findings of this study are significant.
@Margo_Glantz: Literatura y Twitter durante el confinamiento
Authors: Ballester Ignacio
Published: January 2021

@Margo_Glantz no ha dejado de publicar textos desde que estalló la pandemia. Sin salir de casa, describe en su perfil de Twitter los cambios que operan en la sociedad, en la naturaleza, en la literatura y en ella misma. Este trabajo estudia la relación que existe entre las redes sociales y el oficio de escritora durante el confinamiento que también vivió su tan estudiada sor Juana Inés de la Cruz, de quien toma el título de su reciente libro: Y por mirarlo todo, nada veía (2018); clave para entender la teoría de El lectoespectador (2012) de Vicente Luis Mora.
Cristales del Diario (2004) y del epistolario en el caleidoscopio de Carlos Edmundo de Ory: Osías Stutman, Bruno Montané, Marco Fonz y Tania Cosío
Authors: Parrado Collantes Milagrosa
Published: January 2021

Este trabajo tiene como objetivo principal analizar las relaciones del escritor gaditano Carlos Edmundo de Ory con algunos escritores latinoamericanos coetáneos. Para ello, se han tenido en cuenta dos corpus: su Diario (2004) y la producción epistolar, teniendo en cuenta el estudio de las suprafluencias oryanas (AUTOR), basado también en el Diario (2004) y los aerolitos. Dado al amplio número de personalidades con las que este prolífico autor mantiene contacto, nos hemos centrado, en última instancia, en la correspondencia y fragmentos del argentino Osías Stutman, el chileno Bruno Montané y los mexicanos Marco Fonz y Tania Cossío.
Review of: John Pittard, Disagreement, Deference, and Religious Commitment
Authors: Pope Michael
Published: January 2021

Book Review
Paul Ricœur: Symbols of Good and Evil in History, the Bible and in our Time.
Authors: Maes Marieke
Published: January 2021

In his The Symbolism of Evil Ricœur explores the dynamics of human consciousness of evil in different cultures and times. Consciousness of evil is examined by looking at the different prevailing symbols wherein human beings confess their experience with evil. Although appeared in 1960, this study is still cited in recent publications in psychology, cultural anthropology and religion. In this article I describe the context of The Symbolism of Evil as the last part of Ricœur’s study of the will and give a summary of its relevant content.
A democracia diante do radicalismo conservador no início do século XXI
Authors: Da Luz Cícero Krupp , Ferreira Gilberto Soares
Published: January 2021

Este artigo analisa os desafios da democracia no ocidente neste início de século, diante do radicalismo que acompanha a ascensão da direita conservadora ao poder político, com foco nas eleições presidenciais no Brasil em 2018 e nos Estados Unidos da América em 2016. Na primeira parte do trabalho, são descritas algumas das contradições das democracias de ambos os países, em seus respectivos contextos políticos e sociais. Na segunda parte, a partir de categorias da democracia liberal, a pesquisa busca compreender as conquistas e insuficiências das instituições democráticas contemporâneas. Peter Mair descreve a convergência para o centro dos programas partidários e o enfraquecimento da classe política tradicional, como causa da vitória desses novos atores. A investigação pretende contribuir para que movimentos democráticos possam encontrar alternativas a esse cenário. Em um ambiente de descrença nos representantes eleitos, promessas de mudanças profundas na política ganharam espaço. No entanto, é preciso estar atento se discursos e programas admitem a redução ou mesmo a eliminação da mediação democrática para a solução dos diversos conflitos sociais.
Democracia e direitos humanos: a inquietação ética radical de Jürgen Habermas e Emmanuel Levinas
Authors: Carvalho Felipe Rodolfo de
Published: January 2021

Este artigo pretende apresentar algumas proximidades entre as filosofias de Jürgen Habermas e de Emmanuel Levinas, revelando tópicos em torno dos quais se encontram e chegam mesmo a um consenso. Daí a opção por uma análise comparativa das obras dos filósofos, em que se busca mais os pontos de contato do que os aspectos de distanciamento. Na primeira parte, sublinha a inquietação ética radical que permeia seus respectivos pensamentos, proporcionando uma postura não resignada diante da crise contemporânea e uma abertura à alteridade na forma de éticas do discurso que se complementam. Na segunda, destaca a preocupação de ambos filósofos em repensar as instituições jurídicas e políticas, conectando-as com a democracia, sem perder de vista o papel fundamental dos direitos humanos em sua configuração e sem abandonar a perspectiva de um universalismo. Destaca, ao final, como o ponto de partida comum, consistente numa inquietação ética radical, condu-los simultaneamente, em termos de uma sua extensão ao campo jurídico-político, à defesa intransigente da democracia e dos direitos humanos.
To the problem of excessive alcohol consumption in Russian families
Authors: Novoselova E. N.
Published: January 2021

The article is devoted to the analysis of alcoholism in Russian families. The author gives a brief excurse into the history of alcohol consumption, dispels the myth that the Russian people never controlled consumption of alcoholic beverages. The work, relying on the latest statistics, demonstrated that despite the emerging positive trends in this area, the level of alcohol consumption (especially strong alcohol) in Russia is still very high and significantly exceeds the conditionally safe norm indicated by the WHO experts. It negatively affects the life expectancy of the Russian population, especially among men of working age. However, if previously alcoholism was predominantly masculine, today this type of addiction is becoming gender-neutral and women drink on a par with men, which will inevitably lead to an increase in mortality from alcohol-related causes among them.Particular attention is paid to the problems of families facing the problem of alcoholism among one or several of their members. It is emphasized that children are the most vulnerable in this situation because of their dependence on adults — they are not able to change the situation and are forced to live in constant conflict, stress and ill-treatment. The author notes that the violence to which not only children, but also other family members are subjected to in alcoholic families, is far from rare and extremely dangerous.The paper addresses the issue of the influence of alcoholism of adult family members on children's health. Children of dependent parents are often born sick and lag behind in physical and mental development. This is further aggravated by upbringing in an atmosphere of alcoholism, which leads to the fact that the younger generation perceives excessive alcohol consumption as the norm, adopts the habits of parents and also become dependent. Children of drinking parents also experience many complexities of a personal and interpersonal nature and are prone to auto-aggressive behavior.In conclusion, the author addresses the problem of social orphanhood arising from alcohol abuse by parents, as well as its consequences.The empirical part of the work is based on data from the World Health Organization, the Federal State Statistics Service, the Public Opinion Foundation and the All-Russian Center for the Study of Public Opinion.The article will be of interest to specialists in the field of sociology of family and health, prevention of addictive behavior, rehabilitation of people with addictions, and students of relevant specialties.
The peculiarity of ethno-social relations in the Russian labor market: attitude towards immigrants in Russia (on the example of Moscow). Comparative analysis with countries of Western Europe
Authors: Oseev A. A. , Dudueva F. A.
Published: January 2021

In developing the topic of ongoing research and already published works, the article reveals the peculiarity of ethno-social conflicts on the labor market in Russia (for example, Moscow). The state of ethno-social conflicts in the labor market is analyzed from the perspective of the socio-psychological paradigm of conflict management (L. Coser, C. Wright, K. Lorenz, A. Kharitonov and others). It is shown that the problem of interethnic tension is quite relevant for today's Russia.The article shows the attitude of the local population of Moscow towards labor migrants (positive and negative consequences of migration), their attitude to the dynamics of labor migration, and to cases of negative attitudes towards labor migrants. The frequency, causes, spheres of life in which the respondent was a direct participant, and how to resolve them are shown. Reasons that divide people of different nationalities. A comparative analysis of attitudes towards immigrants in Russia, the UK, Germany and France is given.
Value-ideological foundations of the development strategy of the modern state
Authors: Okun M. V.
Published: January 2021

The narrative presented in this article is in the plane of a very relevant sphere of interests within the framework of modern political science, this is the search for “keys” to effective public administration, which is increasingly experiencing crises today, not only in institutional, but also in non-institutional factors, in particular axiological. The question we try to answer is whether values and ideology play a role in the development strategy of a modern state, understood as the result of the key process of state policy and governance which is decision making, and in its implementation. Wherein we take as a starting point the fact that values and ideology are overlapping concepts: values is one of the components of ideology, and ideologies are aimed at forming, perhaps, even first of all, values in people. To find the answer to the posed question, we first of all conduct the detailed analysis of influence of values and ideology on state decision making (forming a state strategy), i.e. at each level of this process — “leadership subsystem”, “network associations of the elite”, representative authorities and executive authorities. Then we look at how values and ideology influence implementation of state decisions, which requires support of society. Having shown that mass consciousness most of all responds exactly to value parameters of a state strategy, we consider three ways of bringing align value bases of a state strategy and values of society. Then, having shown that when broadcasting from state to society, values are usually clothed in the form of one or another ideology, we consider why in modern public politics the role of ideology, in its classical sense, is noticeably decreasing, but in its modern, transformed understanding, on the contrary, it is increasing, which means that state today still has a powerful resource for obtaining public support for implementing its strategies. And finally, we demonstrate that qualities and weight ratio of the named above levels of forming state strategy determine not only meaning of values and ideology in this process, but also consideration of public values in it, as well as the real role of the ideology presented to society by a state.
Formation of sociology of the body in France: M. Moss, A. Lerois-Guran, K. Levi-Stross, M. Fuko
Authors: Starostina D. A.
Published: January 2021

Making the sociology of the body as an independent scientific discipline based on the work of the French social anthropology. Problematization of physicality in anthropology actually begins with the category of “techniques of the body”. This concept was first introduced in the scientific turnover by the French anthropologist and ethnographer Marcel moss. Described techniques are based on extensive ethnographic material on the basis of which he formulates two basic classifications. After Moss, the category of “techniques of the body” continues to develop his student Andre Leroy-Gourhan and exploring physicality through the lens of instrumentality. This article also presents a description of the work “Techniques of the body” by French ethnologist K. Levi-Stross and his overall assessment of the work of M. moss, with personal additions and comments.As previously indicated, the problematization of the “body”, founded by M. moss in anthropology, became the Foundation for building theories that work with physicality and in other disciplines. In the present work shows the transition on an interdisciplinary level. It is associated with the figure of the French philosopher, historian and sociologist Michel Foucault. The body in his concept considers as the object of power. Continuing the tradition established by its predecessors in the mainstream of anthropology, Foucault brings the issue of physicality to a new level, laying the foundations of the sociology of the body.Showing that the body is not just an appendage, but a full-fledged object of study, M. moss not only expanded the subject field of anthropology to include physicality, but also opened the opportunity to develop this category for sociology, linguistics, psychology, history, religion and other disciplines.
The new social inequality. From middle class society to bipolar society
Authors: Polyakova N. L.
Published: January 2021

The article analyzes the social transformations that have taken place in societies at the turn of the XXI century. These transformations are largely due to formation of radical inequality which is known now both in practice and theory as “1% economy”.The article demonstrates that adequate understanding of this new type of social inequality is possible only under the condition of change in methodological approach. Contstructivist approach should be given up in favour of structuralist approach. The structuralist approach makes it possible to view the new social inequality as an objective social process as the social structure of a new type of society. This social structure and social order determine social chances and life conditions of individuals.New radical social inequality gives rise to a new type of contemporary society. The bipolar society replaces the mass middle class society of the second half of the XX century. The bipolar society may be graphically presented as a pyramid with a truncated top and a broad social bottom.The article shows the processes and mechanisms that are forming this broad social bottom. This makes it possible to conceptualize the new social lower class as an axial central component in the structure of contemporary bipolar societies. In this function it has replaced the middle class.
Rancang Bangun Aplikasi Peringatan Dan Mitigasi Gempa Bumi Berbasis Mobile Hybrid
Authors: Ida Bagus Gede Purwania , Sari Hartati Rukmi , Divayana Yoga
Published: January 2021

BMKG dan BNBP merupakan organisasi yang dibentuk pemerintah untuk menangani bencana baik sebelum, pra-bencana maupun setelah bencana terjadi. BMKG dan BNBP memiliki beberapa sistem peringatan dini, tetapi membutuhkan proses yang cukup lama dan panjang agar informasi sampai di masyarakat. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk menghasilkan aplikasi yang dapat memberikan peringatan ke masyarakat ketika terjadi gempa bumi dan memberikan informasi lokasi evakuasi yang terdekat. Selain itu aplikasi ini dirancang agar dapat terhubung dengan teman atau kerabat dekat saat terjadi bencana gempa bumi. Notifikasi secara otomatis akan dikirimkan melalui aplikasi ke teman atau kerabat dekat ketika pengguna terdampak bencana gempa bumi. Aplikasi Peringatan dan Mitigasi Gempa Bumi ini dikembangkan berbasis mobile hybrid dengan memanfaatkan data open source gempa bumi dari InaSAFE dan terintegrasi dengan Google Maps API.
Review Perkembangan PLTS di Provinsi Bali Menuju Target Kapasitas 108 MW Tahun 2025
Authors: Pawitra Putra A.A. Gede Ari , Kumara I.N.S. , Ariastina W. G.
Published: January 2021

Kebijakan pemerintah pusat melalui RUEN menargetkan Bali memanfaatkan energi matahari sebesar 108 MWp pada tahun 2025. Bali sebagai pulau kecil destinasi pariwisata yang sangat berkembang di Indonesia dinilai berpeluang dalam memanfaatkan potensi ini. Penelitian ini mencoba meninjau bagaimana perkembangan PLTS di Bali melalui studi pustaka dan obervasi lapangan. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa perkembangan total kapasitas PLTS terpasang di Bali sampai saat ini sudah mencapai 3,71 MWp atau 3,44% dari target RUEN. Berdasarkan data yang dikelola perkembangan PLTS di Bali dalam 14 tahun terakhir meningkat rata-rata 265,18 kWp atau 7,14% setiap tahunnya. Sampai saat ini kapasitas PLTS tertinggi di Bali terdapat di Kabupaten Karangasem yang memiliki kapasitas PLTS terpasang 1.106 kWp atau 29,79 % dari total kapasitas di Bali. Sedangkan kapasitas terendah terdapat di Kabupaten Jembrana dengan kapasitas terpasang sebesar 10 kWp atau 0,27%. Sistem PLTS di Bali digunakan dalam berbagai macam aplikasi, kapasitas terbesar digunakan untuk utilitas sebanyak 58,64%, sedangkan terendah digunakan untuk pompa air sebesar 0,55%. Berdasarkan jenis PLTS, di Bali didominasi oleh sistem PLTS on-grid dengan kapasitas terpasang 3.225 kWp atau 87%, sedangkan terendah adalah sistem hybrid dengan kapasitas 224 kWp atau 6% dari total kapasitas di Bali.
Pengaruh Air gap terhadap Unjuk Kerja Motor Brushless Direct Current 3 Fasa Fluks Aksial Stator Ganda
Authors: Hidayah Bella Octavia Nurul , Hadi Widyono , Cahyadi Widya
Published: January 2021

Diantara stator dan rotor terdapat celah yang disebut celah udara (air gap). Pada motor BLDC celah udara dapat mempengaruhi kecepatan motor dan torsi motor. Tujuan penelitian ini yaitu untuk mengetahui pengaruh air gap terhadap kecepatan dan torsi yang dihasilkan oleh motor BLDC 3 fasa fluks aksial stator ganda. Pengujian dilakukan pada air gap 4 mm dan 5 mm, ketika motor tidak berbeban dan ketika motor diberi beban, pada tegangan sumber sebesar 12V – 15V. Hasil pengujian pada motor tidak berbeban yaitu ketika tegangan sumber dinaikkan, maka tegangan, arus, frekuensi, kecepatan, daya motor dan torsi meningkat. Pada air gap 5 mm, hasil dari tegangan, frekuensi dan kecepatan memiliki nilai yang lebih besar dibandingkan pada air gap 4 mm. Sedangkan hasil dari arus motor, daya dan torsi motor memiliki nilai yang lebih kecil dibandingkan pada air gap 4 mm. Hasil pengujian motor berban yaitu ketika beban dan tegangan sumber dinaikkan, maka tegangan, frekuensi dan kecepatan motor meningkat. Sedangkan arus, daya dan torsi motor menurun. Pada air gap 4 mm, hasil dari tegangan, frekuensi dan kecepatan motor memiliki nilai yang lebih besar dibandingkan pada air gap 5 mm. Sedangkan arus, daya dan torsi motor memiliki nilai yang lebih kecil dibandingkan pada air gap 5 mm.
LANCAR Rancang Bangun Alat Sebagai Layanan Notifikasi Air conditioner Yang Rusak Pada Bagian Kompresor
Authors: Darmawan I Gede Agus , Jasa Lie , Rahardjo Pratolo
Published: January 2021

Indonesia merupakan negara tropis, dimana indonesia memiliki dua musim yaitu musim hujan dan musim kemarau. Pada saat musim kemarau cuaca menjadi panas sehingga diperlukannya teknologi yang bisa mengubah udara panas menjadi sejuk.  

AC (Air Conditioner) merupakan teknologi yang digunakan untuk menyejukkan udara melalui sirkulasi udara. AC terbagi menjadi dua bagian yaitu indoor dan outdoor. Indoor dan outdoor terhubung melalui pipa tembaga yang merupakan jalur gas freon. Gas freon akan dipompa melalui outdoor menggunakan mesin kompresor untuk menekan aliran gas freon agar mengalir ke bagian evaporator indoor dan kompresor akan menghisap gas freon lagi hingga ke bagian kondensor pada outdoor, karena kompresor merupakan bagian terpenting pada AC maka kompresor harus dirawat secara rutin dengan mengetahui ampere kinerja pada kompresor. Jadi tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk monitoring kinerja pada kompresor. 

Monitoring ini dilakukan dengan cara merancang alat yang bernama LANCAR (layanan notifikasi air conditioner yang rusak). Alat LANCAR memiliki tiga bagian yaitu hardware sebagai alat untuk mendeteksi ampere kinerja kompresor, software sebagai media notifikasi serta untuk monitoring ampere kompresor dan database sebagai penyimpan data pada kompresor. Hardware yang digunakan yaitu NodeMCU esp 8266, Sct- 013,Sw-420 dan modul relay 1 channel. Bagian-bagian ini akan terhubung dengan sistem IoT (internet of things) dimana alat ini mampu memberikan notifikasi ketika kompresor dalam keadaan rusak dan data kompresor akan disimpan di dalam database agar nantinya dapat dilihat oleh pemilik AC.
Skema Pelepasan Beban Menggunakan Relai Rate of Change of Frequency dengan Supervisi Under Frequency Relay
Authors: Adrianti Adrianti , Nasir Muhammad , Salvayer Adiv Rama
Published: January 2021

Relai Rate of Change of Frequency (ROCOF) bekerja berdasarkan kecepatan perubahan frekuensi (df/dt) yang merupakan indikasi langsung dari ketidakseimbangan beban dengan pembangkit pada sistem. Dengan karakteristik ini pemanfaatan relai ROCOF sebagai relai pelepasan beban sangat menjanjikan. Pada penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisa kemampuan skema relai ROCOF untuk pemanfaatan sebagai relai pelepasan beban frekuensi rendah. Skema relai ROCOF yang diusulkan terdiri dari lima tahap pelepasan dan disupervisi oleh relai frekuensi untuk mencegah maloperasi pelepasan beban saat kejadian hubung singkat. Skema relai ROCOF diuji melalui simulasi pelepasan pembangkit dengan kontingensi N-1, N-2 dan N-2-1. Simulasi dilakukan menggunakan Digsilent Powerfactory dan dibandingkan dengan skema UFR. Untuk kontingensi N-1 dan N-2, hasil simulasi menunjukkan skema relai ROCOF dapat mengembalikan frekuensi ke nilai yang lebih baik dan dalam waktu yang lebih cepat dari pada skema UFR. Namun terdapat permasalahan dalam pengaturan sensitifitas relai ROCOF melalui setting delay waktu. Untuk kondisi kekurangan pembangkitan ringan dan sedang dibutuhkan setting delay yang cukup besar untuk memperoleh nilai df/dt yang sebenarnya dari nilai df/dt yang cenderung berosilasi. Namun untuk kekurangan pembangkitan yang parah, setting delay yang besar menyebabkan relai menjadi kurang sensitif sehingga sebagian kecil relai tidak bekerja pada semua tahap yang diharapkan.
The COVID-19 with Gastrointestinal Symptoms: A Case Report
Authors: Nugraha Eka Surya , Takaryanto Davin , Prodjosoewojo Susantina , Agustanti Nenny
Published: January 2021

The COVID-19 mostly manifested as fever and pulmonary symptoms, but recent evidence demonstrated the frequent gastrointestinal symptoms in particular moderate to severe disease. Here, we present a case of a 51-years old man with confirmed COVID-19 diagnosis who was admitted with profuse acute diarrhea and nausea. He previously had a mild fever, cough, and shortness of breath. Administration of oseltamivir, levofloxacin, and chloroquine sulfate exaggerated vomiting, nausea, and increased serum level transaminase. After withdrawal, the gastrointestinal symptoms were relieved gradually. Adequate supportive treatment and fluid therapy ceased diarrhea and led to the negative result of the nasal swab RT-PCR COVID-19 after seven days.
The Possible Role of Probiotics in Combating COVID-19
Authors: Darmawan Guntur , Tendean Marshell , Dharmawan Ade , William William , Tan Henny Tannady , Atmogo Tamara , Gunardi Wani Devita
Published: January 2021

Since first reported in Wuhan in the end of 2019, COVID-19 infection has spread globally. However, our battle against COVID-19 is still limited with treatment modalities, yet giving a big challenge for researchers to explore promising treatment candidate. Probiotics, based on previous studies of its role in immune system and respiratory tract infection, seem to be potential candidate. Probiotics work in a distinct way through connectivity between gut and the lung, since both have expression of angiotensin converting enzyme2 (ACE2) of which highly bound by COVID-19. At present, no guidelines formally include probiotics as part of COVID-19 treatment. Hence, this study aimed to review the link of probiotics and immune system and its potential role as part of COVID-19 treatment.
„Archiwum” i „repertuar”. Kłopoty z klasyką w szkole podstawowej
Authors: Rusek Marta
Published: January 2021

prepared for staging, i.e. for (re)reading. Key words: literary classics, reading, canon, literary education in the primary school, A. Fredro Zemsta (Revenge), B. Prus Katarynka (The Barrel Organ), Cinderella, renarrations
A review on the unexplored and underutilized Arenga species in India
Authors: Pillai Arun R. , Riyas C.T. , Sabu K. K.
Published: January 2021

The Genus Arenga which includes some of the magnificent palms of the world, their multipurpose utility and diversity is been reviewed to shed light on the wide potentialities of the different species. Of the 24 species reported only few of them has been recognized as candidates for domestication from the wild. Four species namely Arenga pinnata, A. obtusifolia, A. micranta and A. wightii have been reported from India. Their ecological aspects, utilization and conservation strategies of the tribal communities have been discussed. Seed biology of few species has been reviewed along with the available data generated through scientific studies. Although most of the members in this Genus have the potential to be explored commercially, they still fall into the underutilized category. The review is mainly intended to highlight the untapped resources from different species in this Genus which will promote more scientific studies and result in proper conservation and sustainable utilization of these valuable palms.
Sistema de benchmarking como estrategia de innovación tecnológica en el sector crudos pesados y extrapesados
Authors: Nava-Zambrano Junior
Published: January 2021

El objetivo general del trabajo presentado consistió en proponer un plan estratégico basado en el benchmarking como estrategia de innovación tecnológica para el sector crudos pesados y extrapesados. La investigación fue de tipo explicativa, de campo, con modalidad proyecto factible, con un diseño no experimental y transeccional descriptivo, la muestra correspondió a seis empresas mixtas del sector crudos pesados y extrapesados, seleccionadas mediante muestreo no probabilístico basado en criterios de selección. La investigación se desarrolló mediante la técnica de encuesta, con un cuestionario de 51 ítems. Los resultados obtenidos, indicaron el poco interés por parte de las empresas mixtas para determinar las brechas existentes entre el desempeño actual propio y el de los competidores líderes. De igual manera, se evidenció la poca inversión en la incorporación de nuevas tecnologías al sector de estudio, así como fallas en un plan de formación del personal, aunado a debilidades para impulsar las alianzas estratégicas con las fuentes externas. Posteriormente, se llevó a cabo un benchmarking de tipo competitivo entre tres empresas mixtas seleccionadas, arrojando una brecha de un 59% entre la empresa mixta A, en comparación con las empresas mixtas A  y B. Finalmente, se llevó a cabo el plan estratégico mediante la técnica del cuadro de mando integral, donde se establecieron diez objetivos estratégicos, formulados para los siete proyectos generados en la investigación, orientados a consolidar las estrategias de innovación tecnológica en el sector crudos pesados y extrapesados apoyados en la herramienta del benchmarking.
Relationship between serum lipid profile and higher physiological level of bilirubin in cardiovascular patients
Authors: Sushmitha K P  , Vinod A N  , Nalini Ganesan
Published: January 2021

The present study is intended to investigate the protective role of high bilirubin concentration in patients with cardiovascular disease (CVD) and to analyse the relationship between serum bilirubin concentration and lipid profile in these patients. Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of death in the world, with early signs and symptoms starts many years earlier leading to myocardial infarction due to many cardiovascular risk factors like abnormal lipid profile. Serum bilirubin levels are determined both genetically and environmentally and vary through one's life. Under its anti-oxidant property, it prevents oxidation of macromolecules from oxidation and prevents the atherosclerotic process. We evaluated 210 individuals with cardiovascular diseases (82% Men) and 190 normal healthy controls (62% Men) within the 25-60 age group. Both groups are divided into two, based on the normal physiological range as the lower normal and upper normal limit. We have observed significant reduction (***p<0. 0001) of CVD risk factors like total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol levels, showing inverse association with serum bilirubin. Concurrently, direct relation with anti-atherogenic HDL cholesterol, which is significantly increased (***p<0. 0001) in CVD patient group and control group with higher bilirubin levels respectively. We also discussed the possible contributing mechanisms that might reduce circulating total cholesterol, triglyceride, and LDL cholesterol concentrations in cardiovascular patients. Conclusion-Bilirubin may be an inverse risk factor for cardiovascular disease and findings from our study support the concept that physiologically higher normal levels of bilirubin have a protective effect against patients with cardiovascular disease and healthy people prone to CVD under its anti-oxidant potential.
Probiotic and Techno-Functional Traits of Lactobacillus pentosus DS2 Isolated from Naturally Fermented Plant Beverage
Authors: Mehak Manzoor  , Vikrant Sharma  , Deepti Singh  , Jagdip Singh Sohal  , Gajender Kumar Aseri  , Neeraj Khare  , Shilpa Vij  , Deepansh Sharma
Published: January 2021

The research on the isolation of novel lactic acid bacteria (LAB) strains from different fermented plant beverages is receiving immense attention for their significant health benefits towards human health. The present study aimed to isolate and categorize various functional attributes of Lactobacillus pentosus DS2 isolated from fermented black carrot beverage. The isolated L.pentosus DS2 strain exhibited resistance to acid and higher salt concentrations. The isolated strain was identified by using 16S rRNA gene sequences. L.pentosus DS2 showed high survivability of about 6.75 to 7.02 log CFU/ml from pH (2-8) and at a different salt concentration (1-10%) log CFU/ml ranged from 7.92 to 6.41 log CFU/ml. According to the obtained results, auto-aggregation as well as cell surface hydrophobicity was about 16.2 ± 0.35 and 90 ± 0.21 % respectively, while co-aggregation value was 72.5 ± 2.12 and 82 ± 1.41% with Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus respectively. The enzymatic screening was performed and estimated as 0.54 ± 0.01, 103 ± 1.41, and 80.5 ± 2.89 U/mL of amylase, protease, and phytase. Cholesterol removal by L. pentosus DS2 was 47.15 ± 0.41%. The adherence levels by L. pentosus DS2 to different cell lines such as Caco-2 and HT-29 ranged from 17.65 ± 0.25 to 19.79 ± 0.31% respectively. Antibiotic susceptibility pattern obtained showed a different degree of antibiotics sensitivity, such as resistance to ampicillin. Thus, the isolated L.pentosus DS2 has all the desired properties to be used as a potential probiotics strain.
The keynote-as-storied-discussion: a Pacific departure
Authors: Sanga Kabini , Johansson-Fua Seu'ula , Nabobo-Baba Unaisi , Reynolds Martyn
Published: January 2021

It is a rare event when senior scholars and actors in a field come together;
more so when that takes place in the company of new and emerging
scholars. Even rarer are such occasions in the Oceania region, where
distance can mediate against key players coming together in time and space.
When the stars align, the opportunity must be seized. This article portrays
aspects of an event when, due to otherwise unfortunate circumstances, three
senior Pacific educators, scholars, and leaders offered glimpses of their
experiential learning and leadership by presenting a storied discussion of
leadership. The account given here discusses ideas derived from that
storying. It is an examination of the form used to enact the educators’
pedagogical purpose; keynote-as-storied-discussion. This innovative way of
delivering a keynote leverages the intersectional value of the tone-setting
intent of a keynote, the emotional and experiential layering of storying, the
pedagogical potential of woven narrative strands, and the discursive
exchange of ideas.