bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Circumstellar Disk in IRAS 23151+5912?
Authors: Trinidad Miguel A. , Rodríguez-Esnard Tatiana , Masqué Josep M.
Published: July 2018

We present radio continuum and water maser observations toward the high-mass star-forming region IRAS 23151+5912 from the VLA and VLBA archive, respectively. We detected a continuum source, which seems to be a hypercompact HII region. In addition, a water maser group about 4″ south from the continuum source was detected. We present preliminary results of the analysis of three observations epochs of the water masers, which are tracing an arc-like structure. However, its kinematics is quite complex, since while one section of the structure seems to be moving away from one center, another section seems to be approaching.
Sardinia Radio Telescope (SRT) observations of Local Group dwarf galaxies
Authors: Tarchi A. , Castangia P. , Surcis G. , Brunthaler A. , Menten K. M. , Pawlowski M. S. , Melis A. , Casu S. , Murgia M. , Trois A. , Concu R. , Henkel C. , Darling J.
Published: July 2018

The dwarf galaxies in the Local Group (LG) reveal a surprising amount of spatial structuring. In particular, almost all non-satellite dwarfs belong to one of two planes that show a very pronounced symmetry. In order to determine if these structures in the LG are dynamically stable or, alternatively, if they only represent transient alignments, proper motion measurements of these galaxies are required. A viable method to derive proper motions is offered by VLBI studies of 22-GHz water (and 6.7-GHz methanol) maser lines in star-forming regions.

In 2016, in the framework of the Early Science Program of the Sardinia Radio Telescope (SRT), we have conducted an extensive observational campaign to map the entire optical body of all the LG dwarf galaxies that belong to the two planes, at C and K band, in a search for methanol and water maser emission.

Here, we outline the project and present its first results on 3 targets, NGC 6822, IC 1613, and WLM. While no luminous maser emission has been detected in these galaxies, a number of interesting weaker detections has been obtained, associated with particularly active star forming regions. In addition, we have produced deep radio continuum maps for these galaxies, aimed at investigating their star forming activity and providing an improved assessment of star formation rates in these galaxies.
Optimal insurance control for insurers with jump-diffusion risk processes
Authors: Tian Linlin , Bai Lihua
Published: July 2018

In this paper, we model the surplus process as a compound Poisson process perturbed by diffusion and allow the insurer to ask its customers for input to minimize the distance from some prescribed target path and the total discounted cost on a fixed interval. The problem is reduced to a version of a linear quadratic regulator under jump-diffusion processes. It is treated using three methods: dynamic programming, completion of square and the stochastic maximum principle. The analytic solutions to the optimal control and the corresponding optimal value function are obtained.
Pyrite Oxidation Drives Exceptionally High Weathering Rates and Geologic CO2 Release in Mountaintop‐Mined Landscapes
Authors: Ross Matthew R. V. , Nippgen Fabian , Hassett Brooke A. , McGlynn Brian L. , Bernhardt Emily S.
Published: July 2018

Weathering is the ultimate source of solutes for ecosystems, controls chemical denudation of landscapes, and drives the geologic carbon cycle. Mining and other land‐moving operations enhance physical weathering by bringing large volumes of shattered bedrock to the surface. Yet, the relative influence of these activities on chemical weathering remains poorly constrained. Here we show that catchments impacted by mountaintop removal coal mining have among the highest rates of chemical weathering ever reported. Mined catchments deliver more than 7,600 kg·ha−1·year−1 of dissolved solids downstream. The chemical signatures of these exceptionally high weathering rates reflect the product of sulfuric acid weathering of carbonate‐bearing rock, driven by the oxidation of pyritic materials. As this strong acid rapidly weathers surrounding carbonate materials, H+ ions are consumed and Ca2+, Mg2+, and HCO3− ions are exported to balance the elevated SO42− exports, generating alkaline mine drainage. The sulfate exports from pyrite oxidation in mountaintop‐mined catchments account for ~5–7% of global sulfate derived from pyrite, despite occupying less than 0.006% of total land area. Further, the suite of weathering reactions liberate 100–450 kg of rock‐derived C·ha−1·year−1 as CO2, with an additional 90–150 kg C·ha−1·year−1 of C released when HCO3− reaches the ocean. This rock C release contributes to the high carbon costs of coal combustion.
Elastic Properties of Fractured Rock Masses With Frictional Properties and Power Law Fracture Size Distributions
Authors: Davy P. , Darcel C. , Le Goc R. , Mas Ivars D.
Published: July 2018

We derive the relationships that link the general elastic properties of rock masses to the geometrical properties of fracture networks, with a special emphasis to the case of frictional crack surfaces. We extend the well‐known elastic solutions for free‐slipping cracks to fractures whose plane resistance is defined by an elastic fracture (shear) stiffness ks and a stick‐slip Coulomb threshold. A complete set of analytical solutions have been derived for (i) the shear displacement in the fracture plane for stresses below the slip threshold and above, (ii) the partitioning between the resistances of the fracture plane on the one hand and of the elastic matrix on the other hand, and (iii) the stress conditions to trigger slip. All the expressions have been checked with numerical simulations. The Young's modulus and Poisson's ratio were also derived for a population of fractures. They are controlled both by the total fracture surface for fractures larger than the stiffness length lS (defined by ks and the intact matrix elastic properties) and by the percolation parameter of smaller fractures. These results were applied to power law fracture size distributions, which are likely relevant to geological cases. We show that if the fracture size exponent is in the range −3 to −4, which corresponds to a wide range of geological fracture networks, the elastic properties of the bulk rock are almost exclusively controlled by ks and the stiffness length, meaning that the fractures of size lS play a major role in the definition of the elastic properties.
Interseismic Strain Accumulation on Faults Beneath Los Angeles, California
Authors: Rollins Chris , Avouac Jean‐Philippe , Landry Walter , Argus Donald F. , Barbot Sylvain
Published: July 2018

Geodetic data show that the Los Angeles metropolitan area is undergoing 8–9 mm/year of north‐south tectonic shortening associated with the Big Bend of the San Andreas Fault. This shortening has been linked to multiple damaging twentieth century thrust earthquakes as well as possible Mw ≥ 7.0 Holocene thrust events beneath central Los Angeles. To better characterize this seismic hazard, we assess how this shortening is being accommodated by interseismic strain accumulation on subsurface faults, incorporating detailed seismology‐ and geology‐based models of fault geometry and the low‐stiffness Los Angeles sedimentary basin. We find that strain accumulation on local strike‐slip faults likely contributes no more than 1–2 mm/year of the shortening. We formally invert the geodetic data for the pattern of interseismic strain accumulation on the north dipping Sierra Madre, Puente Hills, and Compton thrust faults and a master decollement. We explore the impact of the assumed material model, strain accumulation on faults to the west and east, and other model assumptions. We infer that the three faults slip at 3–4 mm/year over the long term and are currently partially or fully locked and accruing interseismic strain on their upper sections. This locking implies an annual deficit of seismic moment, 1.6 + 1.3/−0.5 × 1017 Nm/year in total, which is presumably balanced over the long‐term average by the moment released in earthquakes. The depth distribution of moment deficit accumulation rate matches that of seismicity rates in Los Angeles to first order, in part, because the models incorporate the blind nature of the Puente Hills and Compton Faults.
Revisited Asian Monsoon Hydroclimate Response to Volcanic Eruptions
Authors: Gao C. C. , Gao Y. J.
Published: July 2018

A multiproxy study of the climatic impact after the 1815 Tambora eruption in China found substantial discrepancies among the historical documents, proxy reconstructions, and model simulations. To understand whether the discrepancies are associated with regional‐scale heterogeneous hydroclimate responses or the specialty of an individual volcanic event, we revisit the Asian monsoon hydroclimate response to volcanic eruptions over the past five centuries using an independent warm season precipitation reconstruction. The composite results show a bipolar pattern of increased precipitation over the Yangtze‐Huaihe River valley and decreased precipitation over South China after the tropical eruptions, which agree with the instrumental observations of the El Chichón and Pinatubo eruptions. We could therefore reject the latter possibility and suggest that an overall drying response in the tree‐ring‐based Monsoon Asia Drought Atlas after tropical volcanic perturbations is an oversimplified conclusion. The hydroclimate responses suggest a combined influence of weakened East Asian and South Asian summer monsoons and an intensified East Asian subtropical westerly jet stream during its southward migration. Proxy reconstructions may be biased due to the sampling coverage and data sensitivities, and a combined analysis using different proxies is critical to form a balanced view of the important relationship between volcanic radiative perturbation and monsoon hydroclimate.
Multiple Factors Explaining the Deficiency of Cloud Profiling Radar on Detecting Oceanic Warm Clouds
Authors: Liu Dongyang , Liu Qi , Liu Guosheng , Wei Junbo , Deng Shumei , Fu Yunfei
Published: July 2018

The Cloud Profiling Radar (CPR) detecting efficiency on low‐level clouds is affected by many situations, including surface clutter, spatial resolution, and radar sensitivity. These factors can uniquely or jointly result in missed detections of oceanic single‐layer warm clouds. Fifty‐seven percent of missed detections are attributed to a single factor, and the rest are attributed to two or more factors that are indistinguishable. For missed warm clouds above 1 km, 30% result from the nonovercast effect, while the CPR range resolution is the major cause for the overcast ones. In particular, 18.4% are attributed exclusively to specific cloud microphysics, which is characterized by droplet effective radius (DER) and cloud optical thickness (COT). Compared to COT, the CPR detection is more dependent on DER, with a critical value standing around 10 μm. It is only for larger DER that the effects from COT turn to arise. Given liquid water path, clouds with larger DER and smaller COT are more likely to generate sufficient reflectivity and be detected than their counterpart. For clouds with the same DER and COT, opposite detecting results are primarily determined by the different droplet size distributions that lead to a variable reflectivity across the CPR detecting limit. Over global oceans, total miss rate of cloud occurrences approaches 0.73, while the loss rate of cloud water mass is 0.42 due to the smaller liquid water path of CPR‐missed clouds. The CPR‐missed detections also lead to uncertainties in cloud radiative forcing estimations. A notable overestimation of shortwave cloud forcing at 160% is found at bottom and top of atmosphere.
Primary Production and Calcification Rates of Algae‐Dominated Reef Flat and Seagrass Communities
Authors: Perez D. I. , Phinn S. R. , Roelfsema C. M. , Shaw E. , Johnston L. , Iguel J.
Published: July 2018

Monitoring variability in coral reef primary production and calcification is needed to understand changes over time and between reef systems, which helps separate differences due to natural and/or anthropogenic factors happening now and in the future. This study measured net productivity and calcification for two reef systems at Shark Bay, Heron Reef in the southern Great Barrier Reef and Saipan Lagoon, Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands. Net primary productivity and calcification were strongly correlated for reef flats with an adjusted R2 = 0.66. Night time dissolution occurred at Shark Bay reef flat with an average of −12.66 mmol CaCO3 · m−2 · hr−1, while calcification increased at night for the Saipan reef flat. For both reef flat sites, net productivity from oxygen flux was much lower than rates calculated from change in dissolved inorganic carbon. This study provided the first baseline estimates of net productivity and calcification for a reef flat and seagrass community in Saipan Lagoon. The seagrass community had the lowest productivity of all sites. However, the high presence of calcareous algae at the site highlights the need for more research on the carbonate chemistry of these habitats. All sites had high net productivity that was most likely associated with the dominant presence of algae.
Modeling Nondilute Species Transport Using the Thermodynamically Constrained Averaging Theory
Authors: Weigand T. M. , Schultz P. B. , Giffen D. H. , Farthing M. W. , Crockett A. , Kelley C. T. , Gray W. G. , Miller C. T.
Published: July 2018

Nondilute transport in porous media results in fronts that are much sharper in space and time than the corresponding transport of a conservative, nonreactive dilute species. A thermodynamically constrained averaging theory model for such situations is developed. A novel closure scheme is formulated, which is cross‐coupled between flow and transport in its most general form. Experiments are performed to investigate the effects of density, viscosity, and chemical activity. An adaptive numerical approximation method is developed to efficiently solve the formulated model. Parameter estimation is performed, and excellent agreement between laboratory data and model simulations is obtained. Accurate prediction of experimental data not used to estimate model parameters is found. It is also shown that chemical activity effects contribute to asymmetric breakthrough curves for nondilute transport in porous medium systems.
Onset Condition of Plasma Density Enhancements: A Case Study for the Effects of Meridional Wind During 17–18 August 2003
Authors: Luo Weihua , Xiong Chao , Zhu Zhengping , Mei Xuefei
Published: July 2018

The multisatellite observations were used to study the possible factors leading to the development of the plasma density enhancements during the August 2003 storm period. The plasma depletions and enhancements (also referred as bubbles and blobs, respectively) were observed by first satellite of the Republic of China around 345°E sector at different local time on 17 August, before the midnight after the storm sudden commencement. However, only the depletions were recorded on 18 August at the same longitude sector and at nearly the same time as that on 17 August. The motions of the bubbles and blobs displayed different characteristics on 17 August. From Challenging Mini‐satellite Payload, Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment, and total electron content map, the equatorial ionization anomaly was inhibited and displayed more asymmetric on 17 August and became stronger on 18 August. A density enhancement near the northern crest was recorded by Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment, and similar enhancements were found in total electron content map at low‐latitude regions of both hemispheres on 17 August. The results suggest that the meridional neutral wind is crucial and plays an important role in the development of the plasma blobs. And the variations of meridional neutral wind may be linked with the large‐scale traveling ionospheric disturbances during the disturbed periods.
Ionospheric Tidal Waves Observed From Global Ionosphere Maps: Analysis of Total Electron Content
Authors: Jhuang H. K. , Tsai T. C. , Lee L. C. , Ho Y. Y.
Published: July 2018

The monthly, seasonal, yearly, and latitudinal variations of ionosphere tidal waves are studied based on the total electron content (TEC) data from global ionosphere maps. We use two‐dimensional (longitudinal, −180°E to 180°E; and time, 10 days) Fourier transform of TEC variations along different latitude to obtain all wave modes for the period from 18 November 2002 to 15 October 2014. The wave modes can be classified as westward propagating (eastward propagating and standing) waves with 85.8–97.3% (2.3–10.0% and 0.4–4.2%) of total power. The wave modes are found to consist of migrating waves with power 75–94% and nonmigrating waves with 5.8–25%. The migrating waves are dominated by diurnal migrating tide (DW1, 69.9–89.4%), semidiurnal migrating tide (SW2, 0.5–4.3%), and terdiurnal migrating tide (TW3, 0.2–1.9%). Also, the total wave power and powers of DW1 and SW2 peak along magnetic latitude 10°N and decrease with increasing magnetic latitude. The power of TW3 peaks along the magnetic equator and decreases with increasing magnetic latitude. We also found that the wave powers of DW1 and SW2 obtained from TEC data are very similar to the wave powers obtained from the ionospheric density with a profile of sech2 solitary wave. The observed migrating amplitudes are stronger in equinoxes and weaker in solstices. For the nonmigrating tides, we simultaneously identify the wave modes and wave powers, which contribute to wave‐1, wave‐2, wave‐3, wave‐4, and wave‐5 peak structures in the local time frame. The total wave power associated with TEC variations increases with solar activity (sun spot number).
Summer Noontime hmF2 Long‐Term Trends Inferred From foF1 and foF2 Ionosonde Observations in Europe
Authors: Mikhailov A. V. , Perrone L.
Published: July 2018

A new method to retrieve hmF2 and vertical plasma drift W from foF1 and foF2 ionosonde observations has been proposed and applied at five European stations for June noontime conditions over the (1958–2017) period. Linear long‐term trends were estimated using the retrieved hmF2 and W variations. It has been shown that negative and statistically significant hmF2 trends manifest a pronounced latitudinal dependence: the largest (~2.7 km per decade) is at lower‐latitude station Rome, while the smallest (< 1 km per decade) is at high‐latitude station Sodankylä. It was shown that hmF2 trends are due to vertical plasma drifts that manifest similar latitudinal dependence: the largest (~1 m/s per decade) is at Rome and the smallest (~0.3 m/s per decade) is at Sodankylä. Vertical plasma drift converted to the meridional northward thermospheric wind manifests an average increase of (11.6 ± 3.0) m/s over the period of ~60 years. This may be related to a decrease in ion drag due to negative trends in the ionospheric F1 and F2 regions. An additional factor is a decrease in auroral heating related to long‐term decrease in solar and geomagnetic activity observed for June months over the analyzed period.
Aqueous Fluid Connectivity in Subducting Oceanic Crust at the Mantle Transition Zone Conditions
Authors: Liu Xingcheng , Matsukage Kyoko N. , Li Yuan , Takahashi Eiichi , Suzuki Toshihiro , Xiong Xiaolin
Published: July 2018

Experiments were performed at 17–19 GPa and 1000–1200 °C to determine the aqueous fluid‐majoritic garnet‐majoritic garnet dihedral angle θgrt‐grt in a basalt‐H2O system. The results show that the θgrt‐grt is between 44 ± 2° and 55 ± 3°, decreasing with increasing pressure and temperature. These new data combined with previous data obtained in the aqueous fluid‐olivine and aqueous fluid‐garnet systems suggest that connected network of aqueous fluids can form in the peridotite part of the subducting slab but may not form in a cold subducting oceanic crust at pressures below 14 GPa. Therefore, aqueous fluids formed by dehydration of a cold slab could be trapped as interstitial fluids in the oceanic crust and transported into the deep mantle. However, at the mantle transition zone (MTZ) conditions, aqueous fluids trapped previously and/or formed lately by the breakdown of hydrous minerals can percolate through the oceanic crust and hydrate the MTZ, providing an important mechanism for the MTZ hydration. Furthermore, aqueous fluids formed by mineral dehydration in a hot slab are readily lost into the mantle wedge at shallow depth, due to low dihedral angles (θ < 60°) of the subducting oceanic crust, resulting in less water available to hydrate the MTZ. The distinct contribution of the cold slab and the hot slab to the MTZ hydration may cause water heterogeneity in the MTZ.
Correction: Luteolin selectively kills STAT3 highly activated gastric cancer cells through enhancing the binding of STAT3 to SHP-1
Authors: Song Shiyu , Su Zhonglan , Xu Hui , Niu Mengyuan , Chen Xiufang , Min Haiyan , Zhang Bin , Sun Guibo , Xie Sijing , Wang Hongwei , Gao Qian
Published: July 2018

The PDF and HTML versions of the article have been updated to include the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License information
Correction: Osteoblastic heparan sulfate glycosaminoglycans control bone remodeling by regulating Wnt signaling and the crosstalk between bone surface and marrow cells
Authors: Mansouri Rafik , Jouan Yohann , Hay Eric , Blin-Wakkach Claudine , Frain Monique , Ostertag Agnès , Le Henaff Carole , Marty Caroline , Geoffroy Valérie , Marie Pierre J , Cohen-Solal Martine , Modrowski Dominique
Published: July 2018

The PDF and HTML versions of the article have been updated to include the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License information.
Correction: Mechanisms of bystander effects in retinal pigment epithelium cell networks
Authors: Ishii Masaaki , Rohrer Bärbel
Published: July 2018

The PDF and HTML versions of the article have been updated to include the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License information.
Effects of tumor treating fields (TTFields) on glioblastoma cells are augmented by mitotic checkpoint inhibition
Authors: Kessler Almuth F. , Frömbling Greta E. , Gross Franziska , Hahn Mirja , Dzokou Wilfrid , Ernestus Ralf-Ingo , Löhr Mario , Hagemann Carsten
Published: July 2018

Tumor treating fields (TTFields) are approved for glioblastoma (GBM) therapy. TTFields disrupt cell division by inhibiting spindle fiber formation. Spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC) inhibition combined with antimitotic drugs synergistically decreases glioma cell growth in cell culture and mice. We hypothesized that SAC inhibition will increase TTFields efficacy. Human GBM cells (U-87 MG, GaMG) were treated with TTFields (200 kHz, 1.7 V/cm) and/or the SAC inhibitor MPS1-IN-3 (IN-3, 4 µM). Cells were counted after 24, 48, and 72 h of treatment and at 24 and 72 h after end of treatment (EOT). Flow cytometry, immunofluorescence microscopy, Annexin-V staining and TUNEL assay were used to detect alterations in cell cycle and apoptosis after 72 h of treatment. The TTFields/IN-3 combination decreased cell proliferation after 72 h compared to either treatment alone (−78.6% vs. TTFields, P = 0.0337; −52.6% vs. IN-3, P = 0.0205), and reduced the number of viable cells (62% less than seeded). There was a significant cell cycle shift from G1 to G2/M phase (P < 0.0001). The apoptotic rate increased to 44% (TTFields 14%, P = 0.0002; IN-3 4%, P < 0.0001). Cell growth recovered 24 h after EOT with TTFields and IN-3 alone, but the combination led to further decrease by 92% at 72 h EOT if IN-3 treatment was continued (P = 0.0288). The combination of TTFields and SAC inhibition led to earlier and prolonged effects that significantly augmented the efficacy of TTFields and highlights a potential new targeted multimodal treatment for GBM.
Co-transmission of acetylcholine and GABA regulates hippocampal states
Authors: Takács Virág T. , Cserép Csaba , Schlingloff Dániel , Pósfai Balázs , Szőnyi András , Sos Katalin E. , Környei Zsuzsanna , Dénes Ádám , Gulyás Attila I. , Freund Tamás F. , Nyiri Gábor
Published: July 2018

The basal forebrain cholinergic system is widely assumed to control cortical functions via non-synaptic transmission of a single neurotransmitter. Yet, we find that mouse hippocampal cholinergic terminals invariably establish GABAergic synapses, and their cholinergic vesicles dock at those synapses only. We demonstrate that these synapses do not co-release but co-transmit GABA and acetylcholine via different vesicles, whose release is triggered by distinct calcium channels. This co-transmission evokes composite postsynaptic potentials, which are mutually cross-regulated by presynaptic autoreceptors. Although postsynaptic cholinergic receptor distribution cannot be investigated, their response latencies suggest a focal, intra- and/or peri-synaptic localisation, while GABAA receptors are detected intra-synaptically. The GABAergic component alone effectively suppresses hippocampal sharp wave-ripples and epileptiform activity. Therefore, the differentially regulated GABAergic and cholinergic co-transmission suggests a hitherto unrecognised level of control over cortical states. This novel model of hippocampal cholinergic neurotransmission may lead to alternative pharmacotherapies after cholinergic deinnervation seen in neurodegenerative disorders.
NLRP3 expression in mesencephalic neurons and characterization of a rare NLRP3 polymorphism associated with decreased risk of Parkinson’s disease
Authors: von Herrmann Katharine M. , Salas Lucas A. , Martinez Eileen M. , Young Alison L. , Howard Joseph M. , Feldman Mary S. , Christensen Brock C. , Wilkins Owen M. , Lee Stephen L. , Hickey William F. , Havrda Matthew C.
Published: July 2018

Neuroinflammation is a well-characterized pathophysiology occurring in association with the progression of Parkinson’s disease. Characterizing the cellular and molecular basis of neuroinflammation is critical to understanding its impact on the incidence and progression of PD and other neurologic disorders. Inflammasomes are intracellular pro-inflammatory pattern-recognition receptors capable of initiating and propagating inflammation. These cellular complexes are well characterized in the innate immune system and activity of the NLRP3 inflammasome has been reported in microglia. NLRP3 inflammasome activity has been associated with Alzheimer’s disease, and recent reports, from our laboratory and others, indicate that Nlrp3 is required for neuroinflammation and nigral cell loss in animal models of PD. NLRP3 has not yet been characterized in PD patients. Here we characterize NLRP3 in PD using immunohistologic and genetic approaches. Histologic studies revealed elevated NLRP3 expression in mesencephalic neurons of PD patients. Analysis of exome sequencing data for genetic variation of NLRP3 identified multiple single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) including rs7525979 that was associated with a significantly reduced risk of developing PD. Mechanistic studies conducted in HEK293 cells indicated that the synonymous SNP, NLRP3 rs7525979, alters the efficiency of NLRP3 translation impacting NLRP3 protein stability, ubiquitination state, and solubility. These data provide evidence that dopaminergic neurons are a cell-of-origin for inflammasome activity in PD and are consistent with recent animal studies, suggesting that inflammasome activity may impact the progression of PD.
Direct observation of broadband nonclassical states in a room-temperature light–matter interface
Authors: Dou Jian-Peng , Yang Ai-Lin , Du Mu-Yan , Lao Di , Li Hang , Pang Xiao-Ling , Gao Jun , Qiao Lu-Feng , Tang Hao , Jin Xian-Min
Published: July 2018

Nonclassical state is an essential resource for quantum-enhanced communication, computing and metrology to outperform their classical counterpart. The nonclassical states that can operate at high bandwidth and room temperature while being compatible with quantum memory are highly desirable to enable the scalability of quantum technologies. Here, we present a direct observation of broadband nonclasscal states in a room-temperature light–matter interface, where the atoms can also be controlled to store and interfere with photons. With a single coupling pulse and far off-resonance configuration, we are able to induce a multi-field interference between light and atoms to create the desired nonclassical states by spectrally selecting the two correlated photons out of seven possible emissions. We explicitly confirm the nonclassicality by observing a cross correlation up to 17 and a violation of Cauchy–Schwarz inequality with 568 standard deviations. Our results demonstrate the potential of a state-built-in, broadband and room-temperature light–matter interface for scalable quantum information networks.
Retraction Note: New insights into virulence mechanisms of rice pathogen Acidovorax avenae subsp. avenae strain RS-1 following exposure to ß-lactam antibiotics
Authors: Li Bin , Ge Mengyu , Zhang Yang , Wang Li , Ibrahim Muhammad , Wang Yanli , Sun Guochang , Chen Gongyou
Published: July 2018

Scientific Reports 6: Article number: 22241; published online: 26 February 2016; updated: 16 July 2018 The authors are retracting this Article as there are duplications, and inappropriate manipulations, of images in the figures. Images are duplicated between Figures 1b (Amo (+)/Pen (+)) and Figure 1d (WT/Δhcp); and between Figures 1c (Pen (+)) and Figure 1e (Δhcp).
Higher efficiency perovskite solar cells using 2 core–shell nanoparticles
Authors: Chandrasekhar P. S. , Dubey Ashish , Reza Khan Mamun , Hasan M. D. Nazmul , Bahrami Behzad , Komarala Vamsi K. , Hoefelmeyer James D. , He Qingquan , Wu Fan , Qiao Hui , Zhang Wen-Hua , Qiao Qiquan
Published: July 2018

We improved photovoltaic performance by about 29% in planar p-i-n perovskite solar cells (PSCs) using plasmonic Au@SiO2 core–shell nanoparticles (NPs).
Supramolecular propensity of suckerin proteins is driven by β-sheets and aromatic interactions as revealed by solution NMR
Authors: Kumar Akshita , Mohanram Harini , Kong Kiat Whye , Goh Rubayn , Hoon Shawn , Lescar Julien , Miserez Ali
Published: July 2018

The solution structure of a suckerin protein obtained by NMR illustrates β-sheet conformation with stabilising aromatic interactions in dynamic domains.
Mixture is better: enhanced electrochemical performance of phenyl selenosulfide in rechargeable lithium batteries
Authors: Guo Wei , Bhargav Amruth , Ackerson Joseph D. , Cui Yi , Ma Ying , Fu Yongzhu
Published: July 2018

Phenyl selenosulfide is synthesized by an exchange reaction, which shows better performance than the two precursors in rechargeable lithium batteries.
Controlled growth of a bicomponent supramolecular network by the sergeants & soldiers principle
Authors: Zhan G. , Makoudi Y. , Jeannoutot J. , Féron M. , Palmino F. , Chérioux F.
Published: July 2018

The growth of a bicomponent supramolecular network is controlled by Halogen bonding on a silicon surface and investigated by scanning tunnelling microscopy.
Multiplex imaging of live breast cancer tumour models through tissue using handheld surface enhanced spatially offset resonance Raman spectroscopy (SESORRS)
Authors: Nicolson Fay , Jamieson Lauren E. , Mabbott Samuel , Plakas Konstantinos , Shand Neil C. , Detty Michael R. , Graham Duncan , Faulds Karen
Published: July 2018

Multiplexed imaging of three nanotags within live breast cancer tumour models through depths of 10 mm using handheld SESORRS.
Highly C-selective difluoromethylation of β-ketoesters by using TMSCF2Br/lithium hydroxide/N,N,N-trimethylhexadecan-1-ammonium bromide
Authors: Wang Jiandong , Tokunaga Etsuko , Shibata Norio
Published: July 2018

The first highly C-selective difluoromethylation of β-ketoesters was achieved by combining TMSCF2Br/LiOH/(CH3(CH2)15(CH3)3NBr).
Thermodynamics of Sr2NiMoO6 and Sr2CoMoO6 and their stability under reducing conditions
Authors: Sereda V. V. , Tsvetkov D. S. , Sednev A. L. , Druzhinina A. I. , Malyshkin D. A. , Zuev A. Yu.
Published: July 2018

Essential thermodynamic functions, obtained for Sr2NiMoO6 and Sr2CoMoO6 in broad temperature range, allowed to evaluate their stability in reducing conditions.
Hollow nanoparticles as emerging electrocatalysts for renewable energy conversion reactions
Authors: Park Jongsik , Kwon Taehyun , Kim Jun , Jin Haneul , Kim Ho Young , Kim Byeongyoon , Joo Sang Hoon , Lee Kwangyeol
Published: July 2018

Hollow structured nanocatalysts show a great potential as next generation electrocatalysts for future renewable and sustainable energy conversion technologies.
Structural snapshots of the rearrangement of the bis(di-tert-butyl-aminophenyl)amine pincer ligand in the presence of transition metal ions
Authors: Leconte N. , Baptiste B. , Philouze C. , Thomas F.
Published: July 2018

The ligand undergoes N–N and C–N bond formations in the presence of redox-active transition metal ions, in air and coordinating solvents.
Polystyrene (nano)microplastics cause size-dependent neurotoxicity, oxidative damage and other adverse effects inCaenorhabditis elegans
Authors: Lei Lili , Liu Mengting , Song Yang , Lu Shibo , Hu Jiani , Cao Chengjin , Xie Bing , Shi Huahong , He Defu
Published: July 2018

(Nano)microplastics induce neurotoxicity and oxidative damage.
Sensitive detection of enrofloxacin using an electrochemiluminescence immunosensor based on gold-functionalized C60 and Au@BSA nanoflowers
Authors: Chen Wanlu , Zhou Rong , Yao Xun , Zhao Kang , Deng Anping , Li Jianguo
Published: July 2018

A novel competitive electrochemiluminescence (ECL) immunosensor based on CdSe quantum dots was developed for the detection of enrofloxacin (Enro).
Tetra-n-butylammonium bromide (TBAB)-initiated carbonylation–peroxidation of styrene derivatives with aldehydes and hydroperoxides
Authors: Yao Yao , Wang Zhen , Wang Bin
Published: July 2018

Tetra-n-butylammonium bromide (TBAB)-catalyzed carbonylation–peroxidation of styrene derivatives is described, which allows for the synthesis of β-peroxy ketones under mild conditions.
Extraction in cholinium-based magnetic ionic liquid aqueous two-phase system for the determination of berberine hydrochloride in Rhizoma coptidis
Authors: Nie Li-rong , Song Hang , Yohannes Alula , Liang Siwei , Yao Shun
Published: July 2018

Five cholinium type organic magnetic ionic liquids have been applied in ionic liquid-based aqueous two-phase systems by mixing with a series of inorganic salts, which is reported to extract berberine in quantitative analysis for the first time.
Influence of l-lysine on the permeation and antifouling performance of polyamide thin film composite reverse osmosis membranes
Authors: Xu Ruizhang , Xu Guan , Wang Jiantao , Chen Jinyao , Yang Feng , Kang Jian , Xiang Ming
Published: July 2018

Polyamide thin film composite (TFC) reverse osmosis (RO) membranes were prepared in this study.
Discovery of zirconium dioxides for the design of better oxygen-ion conductors using efficient algorithms beyond data mining
Authors: Lee Joohwi , Ohba Nobuko , Asahi Ryoji
Published: July 2018

Search for crystal structures of ZrO2 with higher oxygen-ion conductivity by evolutionary algorithms, first-principles calculations, and regression analysis.
Novel ionic polymer–metal composite actuator based on sulfonated poly(1,4-phenylene ether-ether-sulfone) and polyvinylidene fluoride/sulfonated graphene oxide
Authors: Khan Ajahar , Jain Ravi Kant , Ghosh Bhaskar , Inamuddin Inamuddin , Asiri Abdullah M.
Published: July 2018

In the present work, sulfonated graphene oxide and sulfonated poly(1,4-phenylene ether-ether-sulfone) were blended with polyvinylidene fluoride to create a novel ionic polymer–metal composite actuator with enhanced performance.
Comprehensive studies of temperature and frequency dependent dielectric and a.c. conducting parameters in third generation multi-component glasses
Authors: Chandel Namrata , Imran M. M. A. , Mehta Neeraj
Published: July 2018

The value ofNincreases with the rise in LP as a signature of metal-induced effects of Cd, In and Sb.
Crystal chemistry and single-phase synthesis of Gd3+substituted Co–Zn ferrite nanoparticles for enhanced magnetic properties
Authors: Pawar R. A. , Patange Sunil M. , Shitre A. R. , Gore S. K. , Jadhav S. S. , Shirsath Sagar E.
Published: July 2018

Rare earth (RE) ions are known to improve the magnetic interactions in spinel ferrites if they are accommodated in the lattice, whereas the formation of a secondary phase leads to the degradation of the magnetic properties of materials.
Capacity detection of electric vehicle lithium-ion batteries based on X-ray computed tomography
Authors: Li Lifu , Hou Junwei
Published: July 2018

It is difficult to use conventional capacity detection methods to determine nondestructively and rapidly the capacity of lithium-ion (Li-ion) batteries used in electric vehicles.
Porous Fe0/C ceramsites for removal of aqueous Pb(ii) ions: equilibrium, long-term performance and mechanism studies
Authors: Fu Pingfeng , Lin Xiaofeng , Chen Zihao
Published: July 2018

Cost-effective Fe0/C microelectrolysis ceramsites were fabricated from magnetite, coal and paper mill sludge with high long-term performance in the removal of Pb(ii) ions.
Synergistic effects of thiocyanate additive and cesium cations on improving the performance and initial illumination stability of efficient perovskite solar cells
Authors: Wang Changlei , Song Zhaoning , Yu Yue , Zhao Dewei , Awni Rasha A. , Grice Corey R. , Shrestha Niraj , Ellingson Randy J. , Zhao Xingzhong , Yan Yanfa
Published: July 2018

The combination of Pb(SCN)2 and CsPbI3 results in high quality perovskite films, leading to high performance PVSCs with a stable power output.
An Er-doped TiO2 phase junction as an electron transport layer for efficient perovskite solar cells fabricated in air
Authors: Ren Ziqiu , Wu Jinde , Wang Na , Li Xin
Published: July 2018

Herein, for the first time, we report the Er-doped nano-crystalline mixed-phase TiO2 synthesized through one-step hydrothermal method as electron transport layer for PSCs.
Additive engineering to improve the efficiency and stability of inverted planar perovskite solar cells
Authors: Gao Chenglin , Dong Hongzhou , Bao Xichang , Zhang Yongchao , Saparbaev Aziz , Yu Liyan , Wen Shuguang , Yang Renqiang , Dong Lifeng
Published: July 2018

A formamidine acetate salt additive engineering strategy is developed to fabricate perovskite solar cells with high efficiency and stability.
A synergetic effect of an alkyl-thiophene π-bridge and side chain modification on device performances for stable all-polymer solar cells with high PCE
Authors: Zhang Tao , Feng Wenhuai , Wang Wen , Zhen Hongyu , Chen Peifeng , Ling Qidan
Published: July 2018

By incorporating a π-bridge and side chain modification, an ideal combination (PBDT(T)-HT-TPD/P(NDI2HD-Se)) was successfully obtained for all-PSCs with high PCE and excellent thermal-stability.
L’attribution de terres domaniales irriguées aux jeunes ruraux en Tunisie : création d’emplois durables ou mise en place d’exploitations non viables ?
Authors: Gharbi Inès , Elloumi Mohamed , Jamin Jean-Yves , Maayoufi Dorsaf
Published: July 2018

Le chômage des jeunes, particulièrement dans les zones rurales, est un problème que l’État tunisien cherche à résoudre depuis l’Indépendance. Il a ainsi mobilisé une partie des terres domaniales irriguées pour installer des jeunes. À Gaâfour, 98 jeunes agriculteurs ont reçu des lots irrigués de 2,5 ou 3,5 ha. Les résultats montrent que 50 % d’entre eux n’exploitent pas directement leur lot et le cèdent en location. Bien qu’illégales, ces sous-locations ont permis d’assurer la continuité de la production et de valoriser les aménagements hydro-agricoles. Elles ont aussi permis de créer de l’emploi pour d’autres exploitants, qui sont dans leur majorité également des jeunes. Elles ont enfin permis à d’autres attributaires d’étendre leur exploitation et de la rendre viable. Pour que l’attribution de terres domaniales à des jeunes puisse être une source d’emploi plus efficace, les conditions d’attribution devraient être révisées et les services de l’État devraient être plus actifs en termes d’accompagnement technique et financier et de suivi.
Effects of vertebrate and invertebrate predators on the life history of Daphnia similis and Moina macrocopa (Crustacea: Cladocera)
Authors: Santangelo Jayme Magalhães , Soares Bruno Nascimento , Paes Thecia , Maia-Barbosa Paulina , Tollrian Ralph , Bozelli Reinaldo Luiz
Published: July 2018

Cladocerans serve as prey for several aquatic predators like fish and Chaoborus larvae. However, because different predators consume different sized prey, cladocerans may display differing life-history responses depending on predator type. Although most studies use the genus Daphnia to evaluate phenotypic plasticity in cladocerans, other genera might also respond to predator infochemicals. In this study, we compared life-history responses of Daphnia similis and Moina macrocopa to infochemicals released by a vertebrate (fish) and an invertebrate (Chaoborus) predator. As expected, some life-history parameters were altered depending on the type of predator. Overall, fish infochemicals increased the size at primipara, clutch size, net reproductive rate and longevity in both cladocerans. We argue that increased body lengths in the presence of fish promote bigger clutch sizes. Conversely, responses to Chaoborus were weaker, affecting only the net reproductive rates and longevity. Non-daphniid cladocerans may display similar responses to Daphnia when exposed to predators. However, as Daphnia is usually underrepresented in tropical lakes, studying other genera might offer new insights into predator-prey relationships and food webs in lake ecosystems.
Pulsoxymetrie-Screening senkt kardiales Sterberisiko
Authors: Lorenz Judith
Published: July 2018

Viele Neugeborene mit einem kritischen Herzfehler sind in den ersten Lebensstunden zunächst klinisch unauffällig. Verschließt sich nach einigen Tagen der Ductus arteriosus, können sie allerdings schnell in einen lebensbedrohlichen Zustand geraten. Lässt sich durch ein staatlich organisiertes, verpflichtendes Pulsoxymetrie-Screening das Mortalitätsrisiko der Kinder senken? Dieser Frage ist ein Team von US-Wissenschaftlern nachgegangen.
Furan Oxidation Reactions in the Total Synthesis of Natural Products
Authors: Uchuskin Maxim , Trushkov Igor , Makarov Anton
Published: July 2018

Recent developments on the transformations of furans under oxidative conditions toward the total synthesis of complex natural compounds are discussed. Reactions and methods are classified according to the type of oxidant used. Comparisons are then made between all the strategies to provide a comprehensive overview. This review covers the most prominent work published from 2011 until 2017.

1 Introduction

2 Reagents and Methods for Oxidation of the Furan Ring

2.1 Singlet Oxygen

2.2 Peroxides and Hydroperoxides

2.3 Quinones

2.4 Halogen-Based Oxidants

2.5 Chromium-Based Oxidants

3 The Achmatowicz Reaction

3.1 Halogen-Based Oxidants

3.2 Hydroperoxides

3.3 Enzymatic Oxidation

4 Conclusion
Infektiöse Interdigitalnekrose (infektiöse Interdigitalphlegmone) bei 66 Rindern
Authors: Reinöhl-DeSouza C. , Kofler J.
Published: July 2018

Gegenstand und Ziel: Evaluierung der klinischen und orthopädischen Befunde sowie der Erkrankungsstadien und vorgefundenen Komplikationen bei Rinderpatienten mit infektiöser Interdigitalnekrose. Material und Methode: In einer retrospektiven Studie (1996-2004) an 66 Rindern mit infektiöser Interdigitalnekrose wurden Vorbehandlung, Trächtigkeitsstadium, innere Körpertemperatur, Lahmheitsgrad, Lokalisation, klinische und radiologische Befunde, Vorkommen und Art der Komplikationen ausgewertet. Ergebnisse: Bei 66 Rindern wurden 71 Fälle von infektiöser Interdigitalnekrose diagnostiziert, wobei die Erkrankung bei 62 Tieren (93,9%) an den Hintergliedmaßen lokalisiert war, fünf Patienten zeigten die Erkrankung gleichzeitig hinten beidseits. 42 Rinder (63,6%) waren acht bis zweiWochen ante bzw. eine bis acht Wochen post partum. Die klinischen Symptome bestanden in einer mittel- bis hochgradigen Lahmheit, einer mittel- bis hochgradigen Schwellung des Interdigitalbereichs,der Krone bzw. dergesamtenZehenregion, lokalen Hautne- krosen, Hautdefekten und Ansammlung von eitrigem Exsudat und demarkiertem nekrotischem Weichteilgewebe im Zwischenklauenbereich. In 17 Fällen (23,9%) lag ein Anfangsstadium, in 22 Fällen (31,0%) ein fortgeschrittenes Stadium der infektiösen Interdigitalnekrose vor. Bei 32 Fällen (45,1%) war es bereits zu Komplikationen wie Infektion des Klauen- und/oder Krongelenks, der Fesselbeugesehnenscheide, perakuter Form der Interdigitalnekrose (“Superfoul”), Abszedierungen bzw. septischer Endokarditis gekommen. Schlussfolgerung und klinische Relevanz: Auffällig in vorliegender Studie war die große Anzahlvon 30 aus insgesamt 66 Fällen von infektiöser Interdigitalnekrose mit sekundärer Infektion des Klauengelenks oder anderer synovialer Stukturen an der Zehe. Dies lässt darauf schließen, dass die Diagnostik dieser Erkrankung Schwierigkeiten bereitete und/oderdie Erstbehandlung nichtadäquatwar. Eine exakte Diagnosestellung ist erst nach gründlicher Reinigung derKlauen und desZwischenklauenspaltes und eingehender Untersuchung dieser Region möglich.
Erste Fälle von oviner dilatativer Kardiomyopathie in der Schweiz
Authors: Tontis A.
Published: July 2018

Gegenstand und Ziel: Beschreibung einer bislang noch nicht aufgetretenen Kardiomyopathie beim Schaf. Material und Methoden: In den Jahren 1990 bis 1997 gelangten in der Schweiz fünf Schafe im Alter von einem Monat bis sechs Jahren mit einer primären dilatativen Kardiomyopathie zur Untersuchung. Ergebnisse: Im Vordergrund standen massive subkutane Ödeme, Kardiomegalie, Lungenödem und eine chronische venöse, kardial bedingte Stauungshyperämie und -sklerose der Leber. Charakteristisch war histologisch eine globale transmurale interstitielle Fibrose und Hypertrophie. Schlussfolgerungen: Eine dekompensierte Herzinsuffizienz endet stets fatal. Es besteht eine ungünstige Prognose, eine Behandlung ist nicht möglich. Die Abklärung einer familiären Disposition dieser Herzerkrankung steht noch aus. Klinische Relevanz: Bei Schafen mit Herzerkrankungen sollte die dilatative Kardiomyopathie differenzialdiagnos- tisch berücksichtigt werden.