bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Issues in Conducting Research in Nursing Homes
Authors: Maas Meridean L. , Kelley Lisa S. , Park Myonghwa , Specht Janet P.
Published: July 2003

Anticipation of increased numbers of older persons throughout the coming decades who will require care and assistance with chronic illnesses and functional deficits has correspondingly increased awareness of the need for nursing research to support best geriatric nursing practices. Although badly needed, research in nursing homes presents challenges. This article discusses issues and challenges of ethically acceptable and rigorous research in nursing homes that are related to the dependency and institutionalization of older persons and to setting, staff, and resident characteristics. Strategies for easing the challenges of nursing research in nursing homes are offered.
Partial Randomization Design in a Support Group Intervention Study
Authors: Coward Doris Dickerson
Published: July 2003

Randomized clinical trial (RCT) designs, in which participants are randomly assigned to treatment and control groups, are considered the gold standard of experimental design. However, if potential participants have a strong preference for a particular study group and/or when participatory effort must be sustained over a lengthy study time frame, they may deem randomization unacceptable, refuse to be in the study, and hence prevent the purpose of randomization from being realized. This article describes several alternative designs and the decision-making process prior to selecting a partially randomized preference trial (PRPT) design to accommodate preferences of women with breast cancer for participation in a support group intervention pilot study. Recruiting women into the two randomized arms of the PRPT was problematic because most potential participants expressed a preference for a particular study group. Possible reasons for failure to randomize more of the potential participants are discussed and suggestions for future research proposed.
Making Use of Qualitative Research
Authors: Cohen Marlene Zichi , Kahn David L. , Steeves Richard H.
Published: July 2003

Many have discussed the importance of using research in practice. To understand this issue, we examined what authors of qualitative research in oncology said about the uses of their research findings. Analysis of the authors’ implications sections was conducted with 42 articles published between 1995 and 2001 and indexed in either Medline or CINAHL. The two categories from this analysis were implications for future research and communication. The categories and related subcategories are illustrated with selected quotes from some of the articles. Findings confirm the importance of language in health and illness.
Narrating Community: Multiculturalism and Australia's SBS Television
Authors: Smaill Belinda
Published: July 2003

Australia's Special Broadcasting Service (SBS) Television is unique as a specifi cally multicultural public broadcaster. The manner in which SBS addresses and recognizes different modes of community is also distinctive. As a national broadcaster, SBS Television observes the uniformity of a nationally defined community through reflecting the interests of a dominant culture and audience. However, formations of community that are not as static or reified will also recognize themselves as communities through the way they respond to the address of SBS as a narrowcast television service. This article will examine not only the history and changing role of SBS Television within the shifting topography of Australian multiculturalism but also the differing notions of community that are rehearsed across SBS programming practices. It will then turn to the individual documentary texts in the Hybrid Life series to explore how community and collective identity can be narrated at the localized level of the subject.
The Global Desi: Cultural Nationalism on Mtv India
Authors: Cullity Jocelyn
Published: July 2003

The article examines how the introduction of satellite television into India duringthe 1990s has led to the emergence of a new form of cultural nationalism based on the active and self-conscious indigenization of global media. Using MTV India as an ethnographic case study, this process is demonstrated through analysis of the images themselves and by a consideration of what they mean to informants. It outlines a now-mythical historical narrative whereby a wired-in middle class forced the indigenization of programming on MTV India, programmingthat was initially aimed at a more abstract global audience. It then demon strates the ways and reasons why this cultural nationalism depends, somewhat paradoxically, on its own global dimensions.
Who Sets the Terms of the Debate?
Authors: Werbner Pnina
Published: July 2003

In response to Bourdieu and Wacquant, I argue that American hegemony in setting the terms of debate on ethnicity and racism is nothing new, led in the first half of the century by US heterotopic intellectuals, immigrants, outsiders and descendants of slaves. Ironically, in the light of claims made by the authors, in the post-war era the debate is increasingly dominated by ex-imperial British and French postcolonial thinkers. The authors' disquiet is more explicable, however, if viewed against the background of French republican discourses that deny the legitimacy of `difference' in the public sphere. But in the final analysis, terms such as multiculturalism or ethnicity are not legislated from above but respond to grassroots social movements, and in France minority groups are presently claiming a voice and presence in the public sphere.
On Writing
Authors: Bauman Zygmunt
Published: July 2003

Sociology, like poetry, explores/discovers/creates hidden or heretofore non-existing human potentialities; both rebel against closing, identifying the-already-achieved reality with the limit of that potential. Sociology is destined to sustain the autonomy of, simultaneously, human society and human individuals, and autonomy means the awareness of the human origins of social reality and of the possibility of making it different from what it is. In the age of rapid and radical individualization, the task of sociology is to service self-interpretation with the view of widening the sphere of human autonomy through disclosure of multiple social connection which contribute to its present form and future changes
The Clothes Have No Emperor
Authors: Lemert Charles
Published: July 2003

`The Clothes Have No Emperor' (a title borrowed from Paul Slansky's hilarious critique of the Reagan years in the USA) means to say that Bourdieu's criticism of American imperialism is an understandable slip of his brilliant visual sociology. He writes to those of a disposition to agree completely because they know the facts all the better. Bourdieu may well be the only person alive today who has so perfectly combined theoretical, empirical and political work. Why then has he allowed this critique to be published for all the world to see? Not, I think, because he is wrong, but because the entailments of his own visual sociology do not translate well from place to place. Bourdieu has taught us that the sociology of social space is the next necessary step for those who would become public intellectuals. The question is how to think and speak of the world as such. Bourdieu has given us the outlines of a beginning, but this little essay in question shows that there is more work yet to be done.
The Missteps Of Anti-Imperialist Reason
Authors: French John D.
Published: July 2003

Are African and African-American Studies, as defined and practiced in the USA, tools of US cultural imperialism? Are discussions of race, racial inequality or racial oppression in other societies, when carried out by North Americans, to be viewed as `brutal ethnocentric intrusions'? These are among the central propositions of a vigorous polemic by two French sociologists, Pierre Bourdieu and Loïc Wacquant, in a 1999 article entitled `On the Cunning of Imperialist Reason'. As proof, Bourdieu and Wacquant call attention to the recent transnational scholarly dialogue regarding race in Brazil and denounce the `imposition' of an `American tradition', `model' and `dichotomy' of race on Brazil. In particular, they attack as `ethnocentric poison' a 1994 monograph by Michael Hanchard on Brazilian `Black Consciousness' movements, Orpheus and Power: The Movimento Negro of Rio de Janeiro and São Paulo, Brazil, 1945-1988. This article dissects Bourdieu and Wacquant's mischaracterization of the current US-Brazilian dialogue on the African diaspora in the New World. It identifies their fundamental missteps and misjudgments, offers a critique of the schematic model of transnational intellectual circulation they offer in the article, and demonstrates their radical misrepresentation of Michael Hanchard's treatment of questions of race, color and nation in Brazil.
Americans Again, or the New Age of Imperial Reason?
Authors: Friedman Jonathan
Published: July 2003

This commentary argues that while Bourdieu and Wacquant make an important statement on the necessity of coming to grips with a discourse that has become increasingly popular in academic and less than academic circles, this is not a mere downward diffusion from the central halls of US imperialism. It is part and parcel of a massive transformation of the global system, one which has combined a shift in capital accumulation to East and Southeast Asia with a rapid increase of disorder and cultural fragmentation in large parts of the world and with a significant increase in class polarization in economic terms. The reason described as `imperialist reason' is not an American import, but signifies the emergence of a globalized elite identity, one that celebrates movement, the transnational, hybrid and multicultural, and distances itself, in representation as well as reality, from the downwardly mobile and immobile majorities who are themselves becoming increasingly alienated from their own state elites and increasingly xenophobic since they experience variations on `loss of control' over their conditions of existence.
Sociological Enlightenment — For Whom, About What?
Authors: Bauman Zygmunt
Published: July 2003

All humanities, sociology included, are meeting places of stories told about stories. This circumstance casts humanities in a situation radically and irretrievably different from that of `hard sciences', which cast their objects as nature. Through most of its history sociology was oriented towards collectively produced and maintained order: its task was to enlighten the legislators and supervisors of order. With the substitution of life-politics for Politics with a capital `P', deregulation and privatization of ordering activity, enlightenment of autonomous subjects moves to the centre of sociological vocation.
Against Reflexivity as an Academic Virtue and Source of Privileged Knowledge
Authors: Lynch Michael
Published: July 2003

Reflexivity is a well-established theoretical and methodological concept in the human sciences, and yet it is used in a confusing variety of ways. The meaning of `reflexivity' and the virtues ascribed to the concept are relative to particular theoretical and methodological commitments. This article examines several versions of the concept, and critically focuses on treatments of reflexivity as a mark of distinction or source of methodological advantage. Although reflexivity often is associated with radical epistemologies, social scientists with more conventional leanings often speak of reflexivity as a methodological tool, substantive property of social systems, or source of individual enlightenment. Radical and conventional social scientists alike tend to stress the importance of being reflexive, as opposed to being unreflexive, but they do not share a coherent conception of what `being reflexive' means or entails. As an alternative to reflexive self-privileging, I recommend an ethnomethodological conception of reflexivity as an ordinary, unremarkable and unavoidable feature of action. The ethnomethodological conception does not support a particular theoretical or methodological standpoint by contrasting it to an `unreflexive' counterpart. It has little value as a critical weapon or source of epistemological advantage, which, in the present context, can have advantages of its own for promoting peace and epistemic democracy.
Sounds of Whose Underground?
Authors: Banerjea Koushik
Published: July 2003

The piece contrasts the functioning realities of the British Asian diaspora - music, violence, sex, food, life - with the institutionalized production of knowledge about that diaspora, in particular as regards its expressive cultures. It focuses on the emergence of the so-called `Asian Underground' within a contemporary Benjaminian context of `mechanical reproduction' and explores the opportunistic relationship between middle-class elites and their efforts to appropriate a certain radical chic. It goes on to suggest that this is a deliberate process, which not only absolves a voyeuristic whiteness of its hegemonic associations, but also allows the Asian middle class to conjure out of sight class differentials, even as it struggles with its own dependency on the cultural lifeblood of the urban poor or the semiotically disadvantaged.
`So Far So Good...'
Authors: Sharma Sanjay , Sharma Ashwani
Published: July 2003

Representations of urban youth and its cultures of display have become an increasing focus of attention for contemporary cinema. The film La Haine (1995) received critical acclaim for its raw depiction of `ghetto life' for alienated `minority' youth in France. In this article, we use this text as a way of exploring the cultural politics of such filmic practices. La Haine's aesthetic strategies of an affective `hyper-realism' and postmodern authenticity are scrutinized for their racialized politics of representation. The discussion focuses on the film's reflexive presentation of racialized youth and their musical cultures. We argue that while the film lucidly captures the intensity of an urban existence, its aesthetic strategies and self-reflexivity belie a deeper unacknowledged ethico-political relation to racialized Otherness.
Shadows and Sovereigns
Authors: Nordstrom Carolyn
Published: July 2003

This is an ethnographic and theoretical exploration of the `shadows': vast transnational networks of goods, services, people and exchanges that flow outside formal and legal state channels and international laws. These networks involve millions of people and more than a trillion dollars yearly worldwide, and my research demonstrates these are more formalized, integrated and rule-bound than traditional studies have suggested. Thus, `shadow' networks broker political, economic and social power that can rival many of the world's states, and they are profoundly implicated in world markets. This article explores core characteristics and cultures defining extant extra-state systems, and the power and potentialities for social sovereignty they wield. Investigation into shadow realities prompts a reassessment of the basic theoretical ideas concerning the nexus of legality/illegality, state/non-state and formal/non-formal power relations defining the world today.
The Tobin Tax
Authors: Patomäki Heikki
Published: July 2003

Politics in the 1990s was characterized by the state versus globalization dichotomy, but there are also other possible futures. Concrete initiatives such as the Tobin tax seem to promise a new phase in the politics of globalization. The idea of a low rate tax on financial transactions questions both the laissez-faire capitalism justified by mainstream economics and the laissez-faire globalization mystified and reified by an increasing number of philosophers and sociologists. The global financial markets have become an established, powerful structure. The Tobin tax may well be the political response that will make that structure vulnerable to collective conflict and deliberate revision. It is also innovative because it simultaneously defends the autonomy of states and opens up new, path-breaking global ethico-political problems of governance. Suddenly, politics of globalization seems to be also about authority, democracy, social responsibility and justice.
Rethinking the Global and the National
Authors: Wang Horng-luen
Published: July 2003

This article explores the interplay between the globalization process and the nation/nation-state by examining the case of contemporary Taiwan. Globalization is analyzed along four dimensions: flows of people, flows of culture, economic globalization and international/transnational institutions. Along each dimension, it is found that globalization has had a profound impact upon how cultural and political elites imagine their nation, leading to rising aspirations for nationhood and nation-stateness. Meanwhile, nation-building efforts have deepened Taiwan's embeddedness in globalization, where globalization itself is being employed, both by the state and non-state elites, as a strategy to construct the nation. Three implications suggest that the relationship between `the global' and `the national' be reconceptualized. First, nations and nationalism can be better comprehended against a global/international backdrop, as national identity to a large extent depends upon the imagined or real approval of other nations. Second, there emerges a new strategic alliance between the global and the national, in the sense that globalization gives new ground upon which the nation can be (re)formulated. And finally, by reinforcing certain institutional prerogatives of nations and nation-states, globalization may also lead to an increased desire for nationhood and nation-stateness in cases where the latter two have not been fully realized.
Globalizing the Rainbow Madonna
Authors: Vásquez Manuel A. , Marquardt Marie F.
Published: July 2003

This article examines the dynamics that have turned a recent Marian apparition on the window of a bank in Clearwater, Florida, from a local into a global phenomenon. Drawing from theories of globalization, we show how the apparition exemplifies what sociologist Roland Robertson refers to as the mutually implicative `universalization of particularism and the particularization of universalism'. Among the factors analyzed are global pilgrimage, transnational migration, mediascapes (particularly through the Internet) and the Vatican's New Evangelization initiative. On the basis of this case study, the article argues for the need to go beyond secularization theory - the dominant modernist approach to religion and social change - and to adopt a flexible, polymethodological framework that takes into account the complex, and often contradictory, relations between the local and the global and the mediating roles religion plays.
Why Modern Architecture Emerged in Europe, not America: The New Class and the Aesthetics of Technocracy
Authors: Gartman David
Published: July 2003

Using theories by Pierre Bourdieu and the Frankfurt School that causally link art to class interests, this article examines the differential development of modern architecture in the United States and central Europe during the early 20th century. Modern architecture was the aesthetic expression of technocracy, a movement of the new class of professionals, managers and engineers to place itself at the center of rationalized capitalism. The aesthetic of modernism, which glorified technology and instrumental reason, was weak and undeveloped in the US, because this class defined by its cultural capital was quickly integrated into modernizing corporations, where it was compelled to cater to the emerging mass market and drop its distinctive aesthetic. Modern architecture emerged mainly in interwar central Europe, because here industrial modernization was blocked, forcing the new class to pursue an alliance with state managers pushing modernization. Thus unencumbered by the demands of the mass market, modern architects were free to express their machine aesthetic in state-financed housing projects.
Notes on the Project `Poetry and Social Theory'
Authors: Luhmann Niklas
Published: July 2003

The article is an edited version of a set of notes written by Luhmann on poetry and social theory. It is a series of reflections on different paradoxical forms of communication, mainly exploring notions of incommunicability, silence and latency. The article also deals with poetry, religion and the relationship between consciousness and communication. Luhmann's notes have appeared in their original form in German in the journal Soziale Systeme (Vol. 5, 1999).
Art as an Autopoietic Sub-System of Modern Society
Authors: Sevänen Erkki
Published: July 2003

This article is concerned with Niklas Luhmann's theory of art which he formulated in the 1990s, based on his general theory of autopoietic systems. This theory regards modern society as a functionally differentiated formation whose sub-systems operate according to their inner principles of communication. According to this, the domain of art can also be seen as an operationally closed and self-referential communicative system. The basic problem in these notions lies in the way in which their description of the relationships existing between different systems is only in very narrow terms. Consequently they partially ignore the present process of de-differentiation which has noticeably changed the status of art in society. Instead, Luhmann's ideas expressly emphasize that functional differentiation is an ongoing process. In order to describe the process of de-differentiation, social theory does not need to abandon the concept of autopoiesis, but it does need to understand social systems as interlaced formations which, to an increasing extent, contain common normative and organizational constituents. Because social systems are not altogether self-referential formations, the concept of autopoiesis can describe them only in part. This particular concept of system has been developed in particular by Richard Münch, and as such it forms a productive alternative to the theory of autopoietic social systems.
Technological Forms of Life
Authors: Lash Scott
Published: July 2003

This article attempts to gain purchase on the information society via the notion of `technological forms of life'. It first addresses the idea of `forms of life'. Forms of life are a mode of conceiving of culture that arose at the turn of the 20th century in conjunction with phenomenology. Previously, in early modernity, culture was conceived very much on a representational model. The rest of the essay explores the possibility that a new paradigm of culture, i.e. technological forms of life is emerging at the turn of the 21st century. Technological forms of life are understood as `culture-at-a-distance'. They are the flattening, stretch-out, speed-up and lift-out of forms of life. They are forms of life become non-linear. They involve the exteriorization of inferiority and reflexivity.
Vertigo and Emancipation, Creole Cosmopolitanism and Cultural Politics
Authors: VergËs FranÁoise
Published: July 2003

This article explores the politics and culture of Creole cosmopolitanism, which emerged in the French post-slavery colonies. It argues that Creole cosmopolitanism offers a framework to imagine oneself in the world. As a form of resistance to the French assimilative project, to absolutist ethnicisms and to abstract universalism, Creole cosmopolitanism imagines a world of trans-local solidarities, a way of being-in-the-world that acknowledges difference and diversity.
Nuestra America
Authors: de Sousa Santos Boaventura
Published: July 2003

According to Hegel, universal history goes from the East to the West. This idea underlies the dominant conception of the 20th century as the European American Century. In this article, I submit that there has been another, subaltern 20th century, the Nuestra AmericaAmerican Century. The European American Century carries into the new millennium its empirical arrogance in the form of neoliberal globalization; the Nuestra AmericaAmerican Century, to be reinvented, bears the seeds of counter-hegemonic globalization. Counter-hegemonic globalization is understood as a set of transnational alliances and struggles focused on the dynamic equilibrium between the principle of equality and the principle of difference. The article identifies five main themes in which the clash between the two alternative globalizations will occur in the next decades.
Complex Choreography
Authors: Westwood Sallie
Published: July 2003

Using relevant theoretical approaches, this article seeks ways in which to consider the conditions of existence of a politics of recognition through the elaboration of ‘regimes of recognition’. The ‘regimes of recognition’ are developed through an understanding of decentred political and social formations that, nevertheless, foreground a series of sites that are central to the politics of recognition: democracy, citizenship and the nation. This article takes issue with current accounts of the demise of the nation as both imaginary and territorially realized. Instead, it offers a substantive account of political activism in Ecuador as one moment in the politics of recognition.
Dyscivilization, Mass Extermination and the State
Authors: de Swaan Abram
Published: July 2003

Are massive violence and destruction a manifestation of ‘modernity’, even its very essence, or rather its total opposite: ‘a breakdown of civilization’? Although ostensibly Norbert Elias mainly occupied himself with the civilizing process, he was always, though mostly implicitly so, preoccupied with its complement and counterpart: violence, regression and anomie. In recent years, a number of his students have returned to these themes. Whether they wanted to or not, they were drawn into a debate that never subsided for long in the last century. I shall argue a position that transcends this opposition between ‘modernization’ and ‘regression’: at the core of the civilizing process, another contrary current may manifest itself, allowing extreme violence on a mass scale to be perpetrated towards specific categories of people, while civilized relations and modes of expression are maintained in other sections of society. The concepts of identification, disidentification and compartmentalization should help to describe and explain these ‘dyscivilizing’ processes in their complex relations to processes of civilization.
Oh, My Others, There is No Other!
Authors: O’Neill John
Published: July 2003

We are currently approaching a political stalemate between two discursive idioms of community and difference. A third way has been introduced through the politics of identity recognition (race, sexuality, multiculturalism). Yet the latter tends to overwhelm the politics of community on the grounds of its outmoded universalism and sacrifice of singularity. More with the interests of a welfare society in mind than the stakes in cultural politics, the article restates the Hegelian dialectic of recognition as a critique of both absolute subject-position and absolute other-position. Hegel regards this polarization as the non-starter in state of nature politics. Because global capitalism threatens a regression to a similar zero-point, Hegel’s dialectic of recognition is restated as the proper ground for a politics of civic recognition.
Towards a Citizens’ Welfare State
Authors: Lister Ruth
Published: July 2003

Notions of recognition and difference do not inform the mainstream debate about welfare reform, which is, instead, dominated by a dichotomous discourse of active modernization vs passive ‘welfare dependency’. The article challenges this dichotomy within the context of New Labour’s welfare reform agenda in the UK. It argues, first, that welfare reform should treat improvements in social security benefits not as promoting ‘passive’ welfare but as complementary to labour market activation policies. Second, it redefines active welfare to incorporate notions of active citizenship, which construct welfare subjects as actors in the political process of welfare policy-making and delivery. As a framework for this position, the article discusses three ‘R’s of welfare reform, risk protection, redistribution and recognition, together with the further two ‘R’s of rights and responsibilities. It concludes by emphasizing the importance of a rights agenda both to tackling poverty and exclusion and to recognition politics.
From Community to Coalition
Authors: Walby Sylvia
Published: July 2003

This article considers how to go beyond the polarities of individualism and communitarianism in the analysis of contemporary political cultures in a global era. It is argued that there is a need to ground analysis in a presumption of social networks and coalitions, rather than in the concept of recognition. Political cultures are always already riddled with complexity and cross-cutting relations with other political cultures, coalitions and alliances. Within the politics of recognition, the conventional operationalization of the concept of the ‘social’ via the concept of ‘community’ misleadingly narrows the analysis of key aspects of social relations. Rather, we should invoke a wider range of sociological concepts to capture the nature of the social including, among many others, coalition, network and reference groups. In particular, the selection of the ‘other’ against whom aspirational comparisons are made is a complex social process, much previously analysed by reference group theory. The contemporary framing of some political claims in reference to a socially constructed conception of the universal is an increasingly common strategy. The politics of recognition is shown to be subordinate to the politics of equality, when sociological analysis of contemporary political cultures, of how people actually do make ethical and political claims, is prioritized.
The Status of the Object
Authors: Pels Dick , Hetherington Kevin , Vandenberghe FrÈdÈric
Published: July 2003

In their substantive introduction, the editors first revisit two classical sites of controversy which have offered frameworks for theorizing the interplay between materiality and sociality: reification and fetishism. Obviously, these critical vocabularies emerge as crucial sites of perplexity as soon as the ontological boundary between subjects and objects is rendered equally problematic and fluid as the epistemological boundary between the imaginary and the real. A thumbnail sketch of the history of the two discursive traditions (from Marxism up to Actor Network Theory) provides an elaborate systematic framework for introducing the individual articles. The first axis of debate is generated by conceptual residues of the traditional tug-of-war between idealism and materialism which continues to infiltrate recent redescriptions of the web of sociality/materiality. The concern here is how much autonomy and agency can be granted to material objects in view of their social inscription and symbolic construction, and how far conceptual experiments with the ontological symmetry between humans and nonhumans may take us and/or should be permitted to go. The second axis of debate concerns the fate of critical theory and of ethico-political sensibility in the face of heightened uncertainties about the distinction between what is real, what is constructed, and what is imaginary, and between what may count as a person and what as a thing.
Performance and Narrative, Bodies and Movement in the Construction of Places and Objects, Spaces and Knowledges
Authors: Turnbull David
Published: July 2003

The article explores the ways knowledge and space are co-produced performatively through bodily movement in an examination of the Maltese megaliths the first complex stone structures in the world. It is argued that knowledge is best seen as spatialized narratives of human actions and objects as materialized forms of those spatial narratives. Rewriting our social and historical narratives so that the performativity of place, space and knowledge is restored opens new possibilities for rethinking the social and material order.
After Word? – On Some Dynamics of Duality Interrogation
Authors: Woolgar Steve
Published: July 2003

The excellent contributions to this special issue are organized around a duality between sociality and materiality. They argue for greater emphasis on materiality. This article reflects upon what sustains the dichotomy between sociality and materiality, noting in particular the importance of the use and management of boundaries. The article asks whether and how dichotomies themselves might fruitfully become the target of social science analysis.
`She'll Wake Up One of These Days and Find She's Turned into a Nigger'
Authors: Ahmed Sara
Published: July 2003

In this article, I examine racial narratives of passing and their relationship to discourses of hybridity. Rather than defining passing as inherently transgressive, or as one side of identity politics or the other, I suggest that passing must be understood in relationship to forms of social antagonism. I ask the following questions: how are differences that threaten the system recuperated? How do ambiguous or hybrid bodies get read in a way which further supports the enunciative power of those who are telling the difference? In what ways is `passing' implicated in the very discourse around tellable differences? Although to some extent all identities involve passing - insofar as the subject never `is' what it `images' itself to be - we still need to theorize the differences between passing as white and passing as black. I argue that passing as black as a white subject can function as a technique of knowledge which assumes `blackness' to be imageable and hence beable. However, for black subjects to refuse to pass as white - that is, for black subjects to pass as black - can make visible the violent histories concealed by the invisibility of the mark of passing. Such a process of passing as black subjects is tied to a politics of the collective - a coming together through the recognition of the lack that engenders passing in the first place.
Classing Queer
Authors: Fraser Mariam
Published: July 2003

This article considers the grounds on which distinctions are drawn between the identities of gender, sexuality, `race' and class and explores the implications of these distinctions in relation to different kinds of identity politics and, in particular, to the politics implied by Judith Butler's theory of performativity. I argue that what is often taken to be the key site of much queer theory and activism - that is, the reappropriation of signifiers of difference - is problematic in the light of a close analysis of subjectivities which are informed by `race', gender and class. More specifically, it may be that struggles which are frequently linked to issues of visibility are problematic in the context of subjectivities - class subjectivities - that are both enabled and constrained by a particular, and a particularly uneasy, relation to recognition and representation.
On Speech, Race and Melancholia
Authors: Bell Vikki
Published: July 2003

In this interview, Judith Butler speaks about her most recent work, especially Excitable Speech (Routledge, 1997), in terms of how it represents a continuation of certain themes and how it represents moves into new terrains of debate. In particular, she addresses both possible critiques of her work, expecially around the issue of the possibility of political visions and the attention to speech when theorizing subjectification, and responds to questions around certain related themes such as: just what is the possibility of using the same analytical framework to talk both about racializing and gendering processes? How useful is the concept of melancholia? How are textuality and visuality interconnected?
Charisma and Tragedy
Authors: Falco Raphael
Published: July 2003

Drawing on the work of Max Weber, Edward Shils, Charles Camic and Thomas Spence Smith, among others, this article analyzes the effect of the breakdown of charismatic groups on tragic protagonists. Because criticism has usually focused on the isolation of tragic figures, little attention has been paid to group formation and group dissolution as significant components of tragedy. Yet group function makes a manifest contribution to tragic denouement: the vicissitudes of charismatic authority not only reflect but often bring about the catastrophes in tragic drama. The article demonstrates this thesis in a concluding discussion of Shakespeare's Othello.
Television is Killing the Art of Symbolic Exchange
Authors: Merrin William
Published: July 2003

The starting point for any understanding of Jean Baudrillard's media theory is his concept of `communication'. This is heavily indebted to his theory of symbolic exchange, drawn from the Durkheimian tradition running through Durkheim, Mauss, Caillois and Bataille. Common to all these authors is s specific view of human relations, derived from their anthropology, as involving both a communication and a confrontation. Baudrillard, therefore, sees the modern semiotic order as based on the destruction of these symbolic relations, and its media accordingly as founded on a `non-communication'. In symbolic exchange, however, Baudrillard presents a complete and coherent theory of power, and his theory of communication illustrates the possibilities of transformation and reversal of established power and the system of non-communication which the reinstitution of symbolic relations can bring about.
Living Dangerously with Bruno Latour in a Hybrid World
Authors: Elam Mark
Published: July 2003

This article critically engages with the work of Bruno Latour and, in particular, his book We Have Never Been Modern. Looking beyond the wit and brevity of Latour's writing, the article focuses on some of the non-innocent aspects of his vision of a non-modern world. Rather than completely rejecting the `Great Divides' between Nature and Culture, Westerners and non-Westerners, Latour is seen as only interested in erasing these major fault lines of modernity in order to draw them anew. Ultimately, Latour is not asking his readers to doubt the superiority of Western science but only to understand this superiority differently — as contingent and uncertain rather than necessary and secure. Latour is not as alone as he would have us believe in bringing a non-modern world into focus and the article devotes the bulk of its attention to comparing Latour's thoughts with those governing the Euro-American discipline of international relations before and after the end of the Cold War. Latour's particular account of the non-modern condition, it is argued, corresponds well with the shift from realism to neo-realism within international relations and the replacement of bi-polarity by global technological competition as the dominant feature of the international system. Although Latour continues to be regularly attacked in the so-called `Science Wars' as an enemy of Western science, he actually joins forces with leading Euro-American security experts today in contending that the future of both `Science' and the `West' hinges on the careful monitoring and management of hybrid networks of humans and non-humans and not on uncompromising acts of `purification' as has been the strategy in the past.
Negotiating as Emotion Management
Authors: Mastenbroek Willem
Published: July 2003

Negotiating proves a precarious ability. The development of the arts of compromise and negotiating is not self-evident. Confrontation, flight and direct physical attack prove much more tempting in human history. How did these skills develop? The typical power and dependency network that evolved in western Europe in particular, is a significant factor. Different patterns of emotion management emerged in interaction with changing power balances. These patterns bred the skills of negotiating and compromise.
Politics and the Impossible
Authors: Daly Glyn
Published: July 2003

This article focuses on the recent work of Slavoj Žižek and his extensive critique of poststructuralism and deconstruction from a Lacanian perspective. In this context, it examines Žižek's provocative approach to questions of social reality, ideology and nationalism, and explores the potential of such an approach for an analysis of crucial themes in British political culture. In addition, the article investigates the nature of the encounter between psychoanalysis and deconstruction — and especially where explicit referral is made to the terrain of politics — with a view to breaking the apparent deadlock that has emerged. Through the development of a post-Marxist critique, it is argued that an alternative perspective can be formulated which combines the insights of both psychoanalysis and deconstruction and, at the same time, is able to transcend the limitations of each.
The Passenger
Authors: Conley Verena Andermatt
Published: July 2003

This article argues that, at first, there appears to be little space for feminism in Virilio's general critique of the loss of physical and mental territories under the impact of technologies and teletechnologies. Allusions to women are mainly taken up in general arguments about progressive immobilization of humans. One exception, however, is a recurring passage of woman as carrier of man. This scene makes of woman a privileged mediator between immanence and movement and, through the introduction of Eros, even between physical, grounded space and ungrounded mobility.
From Modernism to Hypermodernism and beyond
Authors: Armitacge John
Published: July 2003

In this interview, Paul Virilio talks at length about his life and numerous published works ranging from Speed & Politics: An Essay on Dromology to the recently translated Polar Inertia. Considering important theoretical themes and questions relating to post- and 'hyper'- modernism, poststructuralism, modernity and postmodernity, Virilio discusses his often controversial views on the cultural writings of Foucault, Deleuze, Derrida and Baudrillard. In so doing, Virilio not only clarifies many of his architectural, political and cultural concepts such as 'military space', 'dromology' and the 'integral accident' but also provides much food for thought for all those presently concerned with the social implications of the 'disappearance' of aesthetics, technoculture, information warfare, cloning and 'cyberfeminism'.
Virilio and Architecture
Authors: Leach Neil
Published: July 2003

This article offers a critical overview of Virilio's engagement with the world of architecture. It surveys his involvement with the actual design process, and charts the development of his theoretical work from his early interest in typology to his more recent fascination with dromology. The article highlights the positive contributions made by Virilio in these fields, but so too it seeks to expose the 'Achilles' heel' in his approach. Virilio's work is shown to be plagued by a consistent aestheticizing impulse, which acts as a form of anaesthesia and 'numbs' the concern for the political. Virilio can therefore be compared to Futurists such as Marinetti, and the shortcomings which Walter Benjamin found in Marinetti's work can be seen to be echoed in that of Virilio.
Virilio, War and Technology
Authors: Kellner Douglas
Published: July 2003

Paul Virilio is one of the most prolific and penetrating critics of the drama of technology in the contemporary era, especially military technology, technologies of representation, computer and information technologies, and biotechnology. For Virilio, the question of technology is the question of our time and his life work constitutes a sustained reflection on the origins, nature and effects of the key technologies that have constituted the modern/ postmodern world. In particular, Virilio carries out a radical critique of the ways that technology is transfonning the contemporary world and even the human species. Yet I want to argue in this study that Virilio has a flawed conception of technology that is excessively negative and one-sided, thus missing the empowering and democratizing aspects of new computer and media technologies. My argument is that his vision of technology is overdetermined by his intense focus on war and military technology and that this optic drives him to predominantly technophobic perspectives on technology per se as well as the new technologies of the contemporary era. I contend that Virilio's project is essentially conservative, wishing to preserve the human body and natural life against the assaults of what he regards as a demonic technology which he considers as having a highly destructive impact, on nature, human beings and socio-political life. However, it is precisely the extremely critical discourse on war and military technology, as well as his penetrating reflections on war, cinema, technologies of representation and vision machines, and biotechnology, that constitute the valuable aspects of his work.
Characteristics and Consequences of Interpersonal Complaints Associated with Perceived Face Threat
Authors: Cupach William R. , Carson Christine L.
Published: July 2003

The current study proposes that recipients' aversive reactions to complaints are a function of perceived face threat. One hundred and ninety-nine college students completed a survey asking them to describe in detail a recent complaint they had received from a friend or romantic partner, and to describe their response to that complaint. Respondents completed measures designed to assess their reactions to the complaint, including perceived face threat, negative affect, fairness, and damage to the relationship. As predicted, dispositional complaints were perceived to be more face threatening than nondispositional complaints, and complaints delivered in public were more face threatening than complaints delivered in private. Both positive and negative face threat were associated with the complaint recipient's anger/hurt and defensiveness. Perceptions of positive face threat also were associated with perceptions of less fairness and greater perceived damage to the relationship, whereas perceived threat to negative face predicted the recipient's feelings of embarrassment and anxiety/depression. The findings indicate that the face-threatening nature of complaints is associated with adverse relational consequences. Perceived threats to positive face, which tend to convey relational devaluation, were more strongly associated with relational damage than were threats to negative face.
Predictors of Self-Reported Delinquent Behavior in a Sample of Young Adolescents
Authors: Leech Sharon L. , Day Nancy L. , Richardson Gale A. , Goldschmidt Lidush
Published: July 2003

Relations among characteristics at 3 years and 10 years of age and delinquent behavior at 10 years of age were investigated. Four hundred sixty mother/child pairs were interviewed. Psychological status, substance use, IQ, temperament, and behavior problems were assessed. Logistic regression and structural equation modeling were used. Pathways to delinquent behavior were identified using Configural Frequency Analysis. Race and gender were significant predictors of delinquent behavior at age 10. Temperament, IQ, and emotional instability at age 3 predicted delinquent behavior at age 10. Psychological status, perceived peer substance use, IQ, and temperament at age 10 were correlates of delinquent behavior. Three distinct pathways to delinquent behavior were identified. Early childhood characteristics can identify risks of delinquent behavior at age 10. Characteristics at age 3 were mediated by parallel measures at age 10. Early identification might reduce onset of delinquent behaviors and guide targeted prevention and intervention efforts.