bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Perspectives on the incorporation of self‐healing in the design practice of reinforced concrete structures
Authors: He Shan , Sayadi Sina , Patel Ravi A. , Schultheiß Annika Lidwina , Mihai Iulia C. , Jefferson Anthony , Jonkers Henk M. , Luković Mladena , Schlangen Erik , Dehn Frank
Published: February 2025

Self‐healing concrete, with its ability to autonomously repair damages, holds promise in enhancing its structural durability and resilience. Research on self‐healing concrete in the past decade has advanced in understanding the mechanisms behind healing, exploring various healing agents, and assessing their effectiveness in concrete structures. However, the full potential of self‐healing concrete remains untapped unless its effects are effectively integrated into the design practices of reinforced concrete structures. Realizing this challenge, this paper synthesizes the current research progress and discusses the possibilities to consider self‐healing into design codes. The focus was placed on two specific benefits of applying self‐healing concrete: one centered on durability and the other on mechanical performance. Specifically, the effect of self‐healing on impeding chloride penetration into cracked reinforced concrete was discussed first. Modifications of parameters in existing predictive models based on different types of healing approaches were recommended. Furthermore, the possible impact of the self‐healing capacity in mitigating the stiffness reduction of concrete was also discussed. Equations that can describe the stiffness regained due to healing action are presented. In each part of the case study, limitations and challenges still hindering standardization and wider application in the construction field are discussed.
Stokes flow past circular cylinders in an out‐phase slip patterned microchannel using boundary element method
Authors: Chhabra Vishal , Nishad Chandra Shekhar , Vijay K. G. , Sahni Manoj
Published: February 2025

The objective of the present study is to investigate a steady, pressure‐driven two‐dimensional viscous incompressible creeping flow characterized by low Reynold's limit around circular cylinders of equal diameter inside a microchannel exhibiting wall roughness. The wall roughness is modeled using Navier's slip condition on the horizontal surfaces in an alternative manner, which retains a phase difference (i.e., out‐phase arrangement). The governing equations are solved using the stream function‐vorticity variables approach of the boundary element method. We considered the two instances of wall roughness, namely large and fine patterned wall roughness depending on the periodicity of patterning. We studied the streamline and vorticity contour plots, flow profiles, and shear stresses with varying slip lengths and radii of the horizontally aligned configuration of circular cylinders to obtain an in‐depth understanding of flow mechanics. The flow velocity and the shear stress show larger values when fine‐patterned wall roughness is considered. The present framework has immense feasible implications such as optimizing microfluidic devices, enhancing thermal management in electronics, and advancing nanofluidic platforms for various molecular and biomedical applications, including drug delivery systems.
Bilateral Hippocampi Segmentation in Low Field MRIs Using Mutual Feature Learning via Dual-Views
Authors: Peiris Himashi , Chen Zhaolin
Published: February 2025

Accurate hippocampus segmentation in brain MRI is critical for studying cognitive and memory functions and diagnosing neurodevelopmental disorders. While high-field MRIs provide detailed imaging, low-field MRIs are more accessible and cost-effective, which eliminates the need for sedation in children, though they often suffer from lower image quality. In this paper, we present a novel deep-learning approach for the automatic segmentation of bilateral hippocampi in low-field MRIs. Extending recent advancements in infant brain segmentation to underserved communities through the use of low-field MRIs ensures broader access to essential diagnostic tools, thereby supporting better healthcare outcomes for all children. Inspired by our previous work, Co-BioNet, the proposed model employs a dual-view structure to enable mutual feature learning via high-frequency masking, enhancing segmentation accuracy by leveraging complementary information from different perspectives. Extensive experiments demonstrate that our method provides reliable segmentation outcomes for hippocampal analysis in low-resource settings. The code is publicly available at: https://github.com/himashi92/LoFiHippSeg.
Automated Quality Assessment Using Appearance-Based Simulations and Hippocampus Segmentation on Low-Field Paediatric Brain MR Images
Authors: Sundaresan Vaanathi , Dinsdale Nicola K
Published: February 2025

Understanding the structural growth of paediatric brains is a key step in the identification of various neuro-developmental disorders. However, our knowledge is limited by many factors, including the lack of automated image analysis tools, especially in Low and Middle Income Countries from the lack of high field MR images available. Low-field systems are being increasingly explored in these countries, and, therefore, there is a need to develop automated image analysis tools for these images. In this work, as a preliminary step, we consider two tasks: 1) automated quality assurance and 2) hippocampal segmentation, where we compare multiple approaches. For the automated quality assurance task a DenseNet combined with appearance-based transformations for synthesising artefacts produced the best performance, with a weighted accuracy of 82.3%, thus ranking in the 1st place in the LISA2024 Challenge. For the segmentation task, registration of an average atlas performed the best, with a final Dice score of 0.61. Our results show that although the images can provide understanding of large scale pathologies and gross scale anatomical development, there still remain barriers for their use for more granular analyses.
Axis-Guided Quality Assessment and Multi-label Hippocampal and Ventricular Segmentation in Low-Resolution Pediatric Brain MRI
Authors: Kim Hyunwook , Seo Jinew , Ryu Seiyoung , Park Joon hyung , On Sungchul , Choi Jinwha
Published: February 2025

The Swoop system of Hyperfine Inc. is an affordable, ultra-low-field MRI developed for use in a clinical setting. However, despite its advantages, the relatively low resolution of 64mT MRI data poses additional challenges, especially in examining small structures such as the hippocampus or vessels. As a part of our attempt at the Low field pediatric brain magnetic resonance Image Segmentation and Quality Assurance (LISA) Challenge 2024, we developed two deep learning-based models. First, to evaluate the image quality of 64mT T2 brain MRI data, we implemented an axis classifier module to improve the model performance. Second, for segmentation of the hippocampus in the MRI, a multi-label learning method was used for more accurate segmentation. With these models, we expect to alleviate the accessibility barrier to brain MRI.
Gravitational waves from supercooled phase transitions in conformal Majoron models of neutrino mass
Authors: Gonçalves João , Marfatia Danny , Morais António P. , Pasechnik Roman
Published: February 2025

Abstract

We study supercooled first-order phase transitions above the QCD scale in a wide class of conformal Majoron-like U(1)′ models that explain the totality of active neutrino oscillation data and produce a detectable stochastic gravitational wave background (SGWB) at LIGO, LISA and ET. We place constraints on the U(1)′ breaking scale and gauge coupling using current LIGO-Virgo-Kagra data. We find that strong supercooling can be ruled out in large regions of parameter space if a SGWB is not detected by these experiments. A null signal at LIGO and ET will disfavor a type-I seesaw scale above 1014 GeV, while a positive signal is a signature of heavy right-handed neutrinos. On the other hand, LISA will be sensitive to seesaw scales as low as a TeV, and could detect a SGWB even if the right-handed neutrinos are decoupled.
Perimeter of Triangles Inscribed in the Unit Ball of Normed Planes
Authors: Alonso J. , Martín P. , Papini P. L.
Published: February 2025

Given a normed plane, we consider the ranges of perimeters concerning some classes of triangles whose vertices are points on the unit sphere. The problems studied are essentially geometric. We try to collect several results that are scattered in different journals, comparing and improving some of them. Some illustrative examples are presented. Finally, some open problems are proposed.
Impaired mitochondrial integrity and compromised energy production underscore the mechanism underlying CoASY protein-associated neurodegeneration
Authors: Shao Yuzhuo , Hu Jiaxin , Yan Kunhao , Zheng Keke , Sha Wenchi , Wang Jinlong , Wu Jiarui , Huang Yunpeng
Published: February 2025

Coenzyme A (CoA) is a crucial metabolite involved in various biological processes, encompassing lipid metabolism, regulation of mitochondrial function, and membrane modeling. CoA deficiency is associated with severe human diseases, such as Pantothenate Kinase-Associated Neurodegeneration (PKAN) and CoASY protein-associated neurodegeneration (CoPAN), which are linked to genetic mutations in Pantothenate Kinase 2 (PANK2) and CoA Synthase (CoASY). Although the association between CoA deficiency and mitochondrial dysfunction has been established, the underlying molecular alterations and mechanisms remain largely elusive. In this study, we investigated the detailed changes resulting from the functional decline of CoASY using the Drosophila model. Our findings revealed that a reduction of CoASY in muscle and brain led to degenerative phenotypes and apoptosis, accompanied by impaired mitochondrial integrity. The release of mitochondrial DNA was notably augmented, while the assembly and activity of mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC) complexes, particularly complex I and III, were diminished. Consequently, this resulted in decreased ATP generation, rendering the fly more susceptible to energy insufficiency. Our findings suggest that compromised mitochondrial integrity and energy supply play a crucial role in the pathogenesis associated with CoA deficiency, thereby implying that enhancing mitochondrial integrity can be considered a potential therapeutic strategy in future interventions.
37 kDa LRP::FLAG enhances telomerase activity and reduces ageing markers in vivo
Authors: Otgaar Tyrone C. , Bernert Martin , Morris Gavin , Baichan Pavan , Bignoux Monique J. , Letsolo Boitelo , Weiss Stefan F. T. , Ferreira Eloise
Published: February 2025

Ageing is a degenerative process characterised by a decline in physiological functioning of the organism. One of the core regulators of cellular ageing are telomeres, repetitive DNA sequences of TTAGGG that cap the ends of chromosomes and are maintained by the ribonucleoprotein complex, telomerase. Age-dependent progressive loss of the telomere ends eventually induces cell cycle arrest for the induction of either replicative senescence or apoptosis. It was previously established that overexpression of the 37 kDa/ 67 kDa laminin receptor (LRP/LR) increased telomerase activity and telomere length while concomitantly reducing senescence markers in aged normal cells in vitro. Therefore, it was hypothesized that elevating LRP/LR in vivo may increase telomerase activity and hinder the ageing process on an organism scale. To this end, aged C57BL/6J mice were treated/transfected to induce an overexpression of LRP::FLAG. Various physiological tests and histological analyses were performed to assess overall organism fitness as well as to discern the treatments’ ability at reducing tissue degeneration and atrophy. It was found that mice overexpressing LRP::FLAG displayed improved physiological characteristics and markedly less tissue degeneration and atrophy when compared to control and non-treated mice. Alongside these improvements, certain organs displayed increased telomerase activity with a corresponding elongation in average telomere length. In addition the overexpression of LRP::FLAG significantly improved various proliferative and anti-ageing associated proteins while causing a concomitant decrease in senescence associated proteins. These findings are therefore indicative of a novel function of LRP/LR delaying the onset of senescence, while also promoting healthier ageing through elevating TERT and telomerase activity.
Almost Sure GOE Fluctuations of Energy Levels for Hyperbolic Surfaces of High Genus
Authors: Rudnick Zeév , Wigman Igor
Published: February 2025

We study the variance of a linear statistic of the Laplace eigenvalues on a hyperbolic surface, when the surface varies over the moduli space of all surfaces of fixed genus, sampled at random according to the Weil–Petersson measure. The ensemble variance of the linear statistic was recently shown to coincide with that of the corresponding statistic in the Gaussian orthogonal ensemble (GOE) of random matrix theory, in the double limit of first taking large genus and then shrinking size of the energy window. In this note, we show that in this same limit, the (smooth) energy variance for a typical surface is close to the GOE result, a feature called “ergodicity” in the random matrix theory literature.
Traffic volume measurement using nonlinear count-lines
Authors: Iwao Yuwa , Yamamoto Yota , Yaginuma Hideki , Taniguchi Yukinobu
Published: February 2025

Traffic volume measurements are increasingly recognized as important for improving society’s infrastructure, by functions such as managing congestion and enhancing logistics. Dedicated traffic data capture devices that use sensors embedded in the road enable accurate measurements but have the problems of high cost and limited installation locations, which make it difficult to expand the coverage of traffic volume measurements. To address this issue, the approach that combines already deployed Closed-Circuit Television (CCTV) cameras with image recognition technology has attracted attention and offers practical performance in ordinary situations. One remaining problem is that accuracy is degraded by the presence of headlight flare at nighttime and occlusion by large vehicles on busy roads. In this paper, we propose a method for measuring traffic volume that automatically sets count-lines using the Kernel Support Vector Machine (Kernel SVM) at optimal positions less affected by these issues. In addition, to make the proposal robust to illumination changes and occlusion we introduce nonlinear count-lines. Extensive experiments on Japanese road video footage shows that our method improves accuracy by
$$5.9\%$$
at night and
$$2.1\%$$
in situations prone to occlusion compared to the most basic fixed count-line method. Additionally, experiments on a public dataset, UA-DETRAC, demonstrate the proposal’s effectiveness in countries other than Japan.
The seen and unseen: the unintended impact of a conditional cash transfer program on prenatal sex selection
Authors: Javadekar Sayli , Saxena Kritika
Published: February 2025

This study examines the unintended consequences of the Janani Suraksha Yojana, a conditional cash transfer program in India, on prenatal sex-selective behaviour within a son-preference culture. This program unintentionally altered existing trends in prenatal sex selection through its simultaneous provision of cash incentives to households and community health workers as well as access to prenatal sex detection technology such as ultrasound scans. Using difference-in-differences and triple difference estimators we find that the program causes an increase in the likelihood of female births. Furthermore, we observe a rise in under-5 mortality for girls born at higher birth orders, suggesting a shift in discrimination against girls from prenatal to postnatal. Our calculations suggest that the net impact was approximately 300,000 girls surviving in treated states between 2006 and 2015. Finally, we find suggestive evidence that the involvement of community health workers in facilitating the program is a key driver of this trend. Overall, this study sheds light on the complex interplay between policy interventions, cultural norms, and gender disparities in shaping demographic outcomes.
PFC/PFAS concentrations in human milk and infant exposure through lactation: a comprehensive review of the scientific literature
Authors: González Neus , Domingo Jose L.
Published: February 2025

Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), previously known as perfluorinated compounds (PFC), are a group of synthetic chemicals widely used over the past decades. Their extensive application, combined with their environmental persistence, has contributed to their ubiquitous presence in the environment and the associated toxicological risks. Regarding humans, blood serum testing remains the primary method for biomonitoring PFAS exposure, while breast milk has also been used due to the transfer of these substances from mothers to infants during lactation. This paper aims to review the scientific literature (using PubMed and Scopus databases) on PFAS concentrations in the breast milk of non-occupationally exposed women. Where available, the estimated daily intake of these compounds by breastfeeding infants is also examined. The reviewed studies are categorized by continent and country/region, revealing a significant lack of data for many countries, including both developed and developing nations. The findings indicate substantial variability in PFAS concentrations, influenced by factors such as geographic location, sampling year, and the specific PFAS analyzed. Among the identified compounds, perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) and perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) are most commonly detected, along with perfluorohexanesulfonic acid (PFHxS) and perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA), being the only PFAS with regulated maximum levels in certain foodstuffs. Most studies were conducted before the implementation of the current (updated) tolerable weekly intake (TWI) values for these substances. Consequently, the majority reported a low health risk for breastfeeding infants, even in high-intake scenarios. Nevertheless, biomonitoring studies are urgently needed in countries with limited or no data, and new investigations should assess whether current estimated intakes exceed the updated TWI. Special focus should be given to rural and industrial areas where exposure levels remain poorly understood.
Efficacy, safety and mechanistic insights of pentoxifylline in major depressive disorder: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Kassar Omar , Farag NourAllah , Selim Abdullah , Taman Lamees , Alaa Menna , Elshahat Ahmed , Abouelmagd Moaz Elsayed
Published: February 2025

Novel treatments that act beyond the conventionally targeted monoamine system are urgently needed to provide more effective relief for patients with major depressive disorder. Pentoxifylline (PTX) is a phosphodiesterase inhibitor with potent anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects, with additional pleiotropic effects. This is the first systematic review and meta-analysis to examine the role of PTX in major depressive disorder. A comprehensive search of electronic databases, including PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane, and Web of Science, was performed in October 2024. We included only randomized controlled trials (RCTs), and their data were extracted and analyzed using Reman 5.4 software. The primary outcome was the change in Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAM-D). Four RCTs with 318 patients were included in the study. PTX showed a statistically significant improvement in HAM-D scores at the primary endpoint compared to the placebo (MD = –3.84, 95% CI [–4.87 to –2.81], P < 0.00001). Moreover, PTX showed a statistically significant increase in serotonin and BDNF levels (MD = 20.76 ng/mL, 95% CI [5.49 to 36.04], P = 0.008; and MD = 10.83 ng/mL, 95% CI [-0.22 to 21.88], P = 0.05, respectively) and a statistically significant decrease in TNF-α and IL-6 levels (MD = –3.24 pg/mL, 95% CI [–4.12 to –2.36], P < 0.00001; and MD = –2.64 pig/mL, 95% CI [–3.79 to –1.48], P < 0.00001, respectively). There was no statistically significant difference between the PTX and placebo in any of the reported side effects. The study findings suggest that PTX may be effective and safe as an adjuvant antidepressant agent in patients with MDD, demonstrating a significant reduction in HAM-D scores. The results of this study need to be interpreted with caution considering several limitations.
GlycoDash: automated, visually assisted curation of glycoproteomics datasets for large sample numbers
Authors: Pongracz Tamas , Gijze Steinar , Hipgrave Ederveen Agnes L. , Derks Rico J. E. , Falck David
Published: February 2025

The challenge of robust and automated glycopeptide quantitation from liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC–MS) data has yet to be adequately addressed by commercial software. Recently, open-source tools like Skyline and LaCyTools have advanced the field of label-free MS1 level quantitation. Yet, important steps late in the data processing workflow remain manual. Because manual data curation is time-consuming and error-prone, it presents a bottleneck, especially in an era of emerging high-throughput methodologies and increasingly complex analyses such as antigen-specific antibody glycosylation. We addressed this gap by developing GlycoDash, an R Shiny-based interactive web application designed to democratize label-free high-throughput glycoproteomics data analysis. The software comes in at a stage where analytes have been identified and quantified, but whole measurement and individual analyte signals of insufficient quality for quantitation remain and reduce the quality of the overall dataset. GlycoDash focuses on these challenges by incorporating several options for measurement and metadata linking, spectral and analyte curation, normalization, and repeatability assessment, and additionally includes glycosylation trait calculation, data visualization, and reporting capabilities that adhere to FAIR principles. The performance and versatility of GlycoDash were demonstrated across antibody glycoproteomics data of increasing complexity, ranging from relatively simple monoclonal antibody glycosylation analysis to a clinical cohort with over a thousand measurements. In a matter of hours, these large, diverse, and complex datasets were curated and explored. High-quality datasets with integrated metadata ready for final analysis and visualization were obtained. Critical aspects of the curation strategy underlying GlycoDash are discussed. GlycoDash effectively automates and streamlines the curation of glycopeptide quantitation data, addressing a critical need for high-throughput glycoproteomics data analysis. Its robust performance across diverse datasets and its comprehensive feature toolbox significantly enhance both research and clinical applications in glycoproteomics.

Graphical Abstract
Effectiveness of rTMS compared to SSRI as early treatment of depression – study protocol of a randomized controlled trial (Early-TMS)
Authors: Becker-Sadzio Julia , Brendel Bettina , Weller Simone , Bornheimer Edmund , Mehlig Ulrike , Padberg Frank , Vogelmann Ulrike , Kammer Thomas , Strube Wolfgang , Martus Peter , Fallgatter Andreas J. , Plewnia Christian
Published: February 2025

Psychotherapy and antidepressant medication are considered first-line treatment options for major depressive disorder (MDD). However, a high proportion of patients do not respond to initial treatment, underlining the need for alternative treatment methods. Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) has been established in the treatment of MDD, but the available evidence is limited to forms of MDD with varying degrees of treatment resistance. Randomized-controlled trials (RCT) investigating first-line treatment with rTMS in comparison with first-line antidepressant medication are warranted to further position rTMS within current treatment algorithms for MDD. In this two-stage, therapy response-adapted, randomized multi-center phase 2 rater blinded trial, 106 medication-naïve patients suffering from MDD will be enrolled. In Stage I, participants receive one of the two treatment options for four weeks: either daily bilateral theta burst stimulation (TBS), a patterned and time-saving form of rTMS, or antidepressant medication with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRI). The allocation to Stage II occurs therapy response-adapted. Therefore, patients either receive maintenance treatment or will be switched to the respective other treatment arm. Primary outcome is the comparison between the two study arms with regard to therapy response measured by the Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) after 4 weeks at the end of Stage I. The aim of the study is to provide reliable first evidence and effect size measures of rTMS as first-line treatment compared to SSRI treatment. Positive results will help to implement rTMS in early stages of MDD. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov ID: NCT06545474, August 15, 2024.
Myasthenia gravis in 2025: five new things and four hopes for the future
Authors: Binks S. N. M. , Morse I. M. , Ashraghi Mohammad , Vincent A. , Waters Patrick , Leite M Isabel
Published: February 2025

The last 10 years has brought transformative developments in the effective treatment of myasthenia gravis (MG). Beginning with the randomized trial of thymectomy in myasthenia gravis that demonstrated efficacy of thymectomy in nonthymomatous MG, several new treatment approaches have completed successful clinical trials and regulatory launch. These modalities, including B cell depletion, complement inhibition, and blockade of the neonatal Fc receptor, are now in use, offering prospects of sustained remission and neuromuscular protection in what is a long-term disease. In this review, we update our clinico-immunological review of 2016 with these important advances, examine their role in treatment algorithms, and focus attention on key issues of biomarkers for prognostication and the growing cohort of older patients, both those with long-term disease, and late-onset MG (‘LOMG’). We close by expressing our four hopes for the next 5–10 years: improvements in laboratory medicine to facilitate rapid diagnosis, effective strategies for neuromuscular protection, more research into and better understanding of pathophysiology and treatment response in older individuals, and the potentially transformative role of therapies aimed at delivering a durable response such as chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells. Our postscript summarizes some emerging themes in the field of serological and online biomarkers, which may develop greater stature in the next epoch.
Test–retest reliability of TMS motor evoked responses and silent periods during explosive voluntary isometric contractions
Authors: Castelli F. , Mian O. S. , Bruton A. , Valappil A. C. , Tillin N. A.
Published: February 2025

Purpose

This study assessed the test–retest reliability of TMS motor evoked potentials (MEPs) and silent periods at early, middle, and late phases of the rising time–torque curve during explosive voluntary contractions. We also investigated how the number of consecutively averaged measurements influenced reliability.

Methods

On two separate occasions 3–7 days apart, 14 adults performed several isometric explosive (1-s) contractions of the knee extensors, some of which were superimposed with TMS to elicit MEPs in the superficial quadriceps. Of those with TMS, stimulation was timed to elicit MEPs at either 45 (early), 115 (middle), or 190 ms (late) following contraction onset (16 with-TMS contractions per time condition). TMS was also superimposed at the plateau of 15 separate MVCs. Test–retest intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and coefficient of variation (CV) were calculated for MEPs and silent periods consecutively averaged over 3 to 15 separate contractions.

Results

No one condition/phase was more reliable than another. For MEP amplitude, in all conditions except the explosive late phase, ICCs generally increased, and CV decreased, with an increase in the number of averaged contractions, and were > 0.50 ICC and < 15% CV within seven contractions. For silent period, ICCs and CVs were unaffected by the number of consecutively averaged contractions and remained > 0.50 ICC and < 10% CV.

Conclusion

Test–retest reliability of TMS responses is comparable between phases of explosive contraction and at the plateau of MVC. To maximise reliability of MEPs during explosive contractions or MVCs, we recommend future studies average data across more than the 3–5 contractions typically reported in the literature investigating MEPs at MVC plateau.
Effect of foot position during plantarflexion on the neural drive to the gastrocnemii in runners with Achilles tendinopathy
Authors: Fernandes Gabriel L. , Orssatto Lucas B. R. , Shield Anthony J. , Trajano Gabriel S.
Published: February 2025

Runners with Achilles tendinopathy have reduced neural drive to the gastrocnemius lateralis. Positioning feet-inwards (feet-in) can influence gastrocnemii activity in healthy individuals. Therefore, this study investigated if pointing (feet-in) during isometric plantarflexion would increase gastrocnemius lateralis electromyography root mean square amplitude (RMS) and motor unit discharge rates (MUDR), compared to feet-neutral (feet-neutral), in Achilles tendinopathy. High-density electromyograms were recorded from gastrocnemius lateralis and medialis, during 20-s feet-in and feet-neutral contraction, in runners with (n = 18) and without (n = 19) Achilles tendinopathy. During feet-in, gastrocnemius lateralis RMS was higher in both groups and gastrocnemius medialis RMS was lower in the Achilles tendinopathy, compared to feet-neutral. MUDR were lower during feet-in in gastrocnemius lateralis (p < 0.001) and in gastrocnemius medialis in the Achilles tendinopathy group. The Achilles tendinopathy group had lower triceps surae endurance during single leg heel raise. In summary, feet-in increases gastrocnemius lateralis RMS in both groups, conversely reducing MUDR in the Achilles tendinopathy group, compared to feet-neutral. Additionally, feet-in reduces gastrocnemius medialis RMS and MUDR only in the Achilles tendinopathy group, compared to feet-neutral. This would shift the gastrocnemius lateralis/medialis ratio excitation, favouring gastrocnemius lateralis. Nonetheless, while this strategy holds promise, it remains uncertain whether performing plantarflexion exercise with feet pointed inwards would provide additional benefits for the treatment of runners with Achilles tendinopathy. Our findings suggest that the increased gastrocnemius lateralis RMS during feet-in may not be as consequence of increased MUDR and, but it might be a result of recruitment of more motor units.
Sinonasal adenoid cystic carcinomas accompanied by seromucinous hamartoma and/or atypical sinonasal glands arising from seromucinous hamartoma: insight into their histogenesis
Authors: Bradová Martina , Agaimy Abbas , Laco Jan , Martínek Petr , Ing Stanislav Kormunda , Badoual Cécile , Damjanov Ivan , Leivo Ilmo , Bacchi Carlos E. , Comperat Eva , Ihrler Stephan , Rupp Niels J. , Šíma Radek , Šteiner Petr , Vaněček Tomáš , Mueller Sarina , Ventelä Sami , Skálová Alena , Michal Michal
Published: February 2025

The pathology of reactive, dysplastic, and neoplastic sinonasal seromucinous glands is complex, and their contribution to tumorigenesis of sinonasal carcinomas remains controversial. In our practice, we have observed the presence of respiratory epithelial adenomatoid hamartomas (REAH) and seromucinous hamartomas (SH) associated with adenoid cystic carcinomas (AdCC) in a subset of cases. In many of these cases, genuine atypical features and dysplastic characteristics of the glands were noted at the interface of SH and AdCC. To investigate this phenomenon further, 88 sinonasal AdCC cases were selected from the authors’ files and analyzed histologically, immunohistochemically, and genetically searching for MYB/MYBL1 and NFIB gene fusions. HPV testing was also performed. Univariate statistical analysis was conducted on our cohort. Thirty-one cases (35%) showed features of atypical sinonasal glands arising in SH (ASGSH) at the SH-AdCC interface, characterized by bilayered epithelium, architectural disarray, mild nuclear polymorphism, and atypia, sometimes with colloid-like material in the lumen. The MYB immunomarker was negative in 14 ASGSHs (with a positive internal control in AdCC cells), while only two cases showed faint and moderate to weak expression of the antibody in ASGSH glands. In 12 cases, the immunostaining of ASGSH could not be properly assessed, while AdCC cells were negative. The immunostaining was not performed in five cases. Our findings suggest that a subset of sinonasal AdCC may originate in a multistep dysplastic process within SH, consistent with an SH-ASGSH-AdCC progression sequence.
Is palatal augmentation prosthesis effective in restoring speech, swallowing, and quality of life following cancer associated glossectomy? A systematic review
Authors: Artopoulou Ioli Ioanna , Dereka Xanthippi , Papalexopoulos Dimokritos , Kouri Maria , Giannakopoulos Nikolaos Nikitas
Published: February 2025

Purpose

To evaluate the effect of palatal augmentation prosthesis (PAP) in improving speech intelligibility, swallowing efficacy, masticatory function, patients’ perception, and overall quality of life (QoL) in HNC survivors with partial or total glossectomy.

Methods

The systematic review was conducted in compliance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines and was registered in the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO). The focused question was constructed according to the PICO (participant, intervention, comparison, and outcome) approach, and a three-stage screening in PubMed, Cochrane, Scopus, and Google Scholar databases with Medical Subject Heading (MeSH) terms was performed. The National Institute of Health (NIH) tool, “Quality Assessment Tool for Before-After (Pre-Post) Studies with No Control Group,” was employed for risk of bias assessment, and the data was synthesized qualitatively, according to the Synthesis without Meta-Analysis (SWiM) reporting guideline.

Results

The initial search resulted in 131 articles, 80 were screened based on title and abstract, 11 full text articles were assessed for eligibility, and 9 articles were evaluated. Eight studies (88.9%) were characterized as fair and one as good. The total sample size included 176 participants. The “before” assessment was performed post-operatively, before PAP insertion, and the “after” at a time point ranging from after PAP insertion to a mean time of 9.3 (10.6) months, with a follow-up period ranging from 2 weeks to 82 months (mean time of 13.7 (17.3) months). Speech intelligibility was evaluated in eight studies. Six studies assessed swallowing and deglutition. Lingual movement dynamics of the center of the tongue, mastication ability, and patients’ reported experience with PAP were each evaluated in one study. QoL assessment was performed in two studies. The results of this systematic review indicate that PAP has a significant effect in improving speech intelligibility, swallowing efficacy, masticatory function, patients’ perceived outcomes, and overall QoL in HNC survivors with partial or total glossectomy.

Conclusion

Due to the particular defect site–related disabilities, patients with tongue resection could benefit from PAP prostheses. However, future studies evaluating the role of PAP in alleviating speech and swallowing by means of current methods of assessment, as well as more explicit patient’s perceived treatment outcomes and QoL evaluations, are essential.
Impact of prior antiplatelet therapy on safety and efficacy of alteplase in acute ischemic stroke: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Naeem Ahmed , Kelani Hesham , Salamah Hazem Mohamed , Elhalag Rowan H. , Ali Hossam Tharwat , Hussein Ayham Mohammad , Abdelnasser Omar , Naguib Mostafa Mahmoud , Elshenawy Salem , Abdelwahab Abdelrhman M. , Albaramony Nadia , Rageh Omar El Sayed , Allam Abdallah R. , Bakr Aliaa , Abuelazm Mohamed , Madkoor Ahmed , Quinoa Travis R. , Kay Arthur D. , Lerner David P. , Merlin Lisa R. , Raz Eytan , Spiotta Alejandro M. , Mayer Stephan A.
Published: February 2025

Background

Intravenous thrombolysis (IVT), utilizing the clot-dissolving medications alteplase (rt-PA) or tenecteplase (TNK), is the cornerstone in acute ischemic stroke (AIS) emergency intervention. However, the impact of prior antiplatelet therapy (APT) on post-IVT outcomes when utilizing alteplase remains controversial. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate the effect of prior APT on the outcomes after using alteplase in AIS patients.

Methods

We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis synthesizing studies, which were retrieved by systematically searching PubMed, Web of Science, SCOPUS, and Cochrane through June 30, 2024. We used the R language V. 4.3. to pool dichotomous data using odds ratio (OR) with a 95% confidence interval (CI). PROSPERO ID: CRD42024495393.

Results

Thirty studies were included in our analysis, with 436,232 patients. Prior APT was significantly associated with increased odds of symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (sICH) (OR, 1.78; 95%CI [1.48, 2.13]; P < 0.01), any ICH (OR, 1.44; 95%CI [1.16, 1.78]; P < 0.01), mortality (OR, 1.39; 95%CI [1.23, 1.58]; P < 0.01), and poor functional outcomes (modified Rankin Scale score of 3–6 [mRS 3–6]) (OR, 1.81; 95%CI [1.03, 3.19]; P = 0.04). Additionally, prior APT significantly reduced the odds of good functional outcome [mRS 0–2] (OR, 0.85; 95%CI [0.74, 0.97]; P = 0.02).

Conclusion

Prior APT increased hemorrhagic complications, mortality, and poor functional outcome, while reducing the odds of good functional outcome after IV alteplase. Future research should focus on identifying adjunctive agents that may decrease hemorrhagic complications and investigate the impact of various APT regimens and alternative thrombolytics beyond alteplase in this specific population.
A two-part beta regression with mismeasured dependent variable for modeling quasi-formal employment in Europe
Authors: Arezzo Maria Felice , Guagnano Giuseppina , Vitale Domenico
Published: February 2025

Quasi-formal employment refers to a situation in which a formal employer and a formal employee agree to declare only part of the wage and the rest being paid in cash to avoid tax liabilities. This phenomenon is detrimental to government budgets and to worker protection. It is therefore crucial to understand its extent and its drivers. The Eurobarometer survey no. 498 provides the information to achieve these objectives. However, several issues in the data need to be addressed with credible solutions in order to rely upon the inferences drawn. These issues are primarily concerned with the reliability of the data, which is compromised due to the phenomenon of social desirability bias. This can be defined as the tendency of respondents to provide false information when answering sensitive questions relating to socially stigmatized behaviors, such as tax evasion. In this work, we present a unified framework for modeling such survey data that overcomes the problems raised by social desirability bias and accommodates the structure of the variables of interest. In particular, we propose a two-part beta regression model where the part one models the participation in quasi-formal employment, whereas the part two models the share of annual gross income earned under the table. We allow the dependent variables of both parts of the model to be mismeasured to handle social desirability bias and generalize the part two using a beta regression framework that is suitable for the limited dependent variable representing the incidence of wage paid in cash. The performance of the estimators is evaluated through a Monte Carlo simulation study and compared with those achieved through a standard procedure that ignores the issues arising from social desirability bias. An application to the Eurobarometer survey no. 498 on quasi-formal employment is provided.
Price transparency in the Dutch market-based health care system: did price dispersion for similar hospital services reduce over time?
Authors: Franken Frédérique , Douven Rudy , van der Geest Stéphanie , Varkevisser Marco
Published: February 2025

In market-based health care systems, insurers negotiate prices of hospital care products with providers. While few countries disclose these negotiated prices, in 2016, the Dutch government required the disclosure of insurer-provider negotiated prices for hospital products up to €885 – the maximum deductible in the Netherlands – to enhance price transparency. This aimed to increase price awareness among and price transparency for consumers, insurers, and providers, fostering price competition. We study if price dispersion for relatively homogeneous hospital care products decreased post-publication, resulting in price convergence. We used negotiated price data from three major Dutch health insurers on over 200 hospital products. Using descriptive statistics and linear regression, with the coefficient of variation (a measure of dispersion) regressed on the year, we examined the development of price dispersion and the occurrence of price convergence. Price dispersion for the studied sample of hospital products decreased by an average of 29% between 2016 and 2022. This decrease was not accompanied by a price level increase that was larger than expected based on general inflation. Regression analysis showed a significant negative association between year and the coefficient of variation, indicating price convergence. These findings support our hypothesis that price dispersion decreased after mandatory price disclosure. The government mandate potentially increased awareness of largely unexplainable price differences for products priced below €885, encouraging insurers and providers to reduce these through the negotiation process. The observed price convergence likely benefits patients, as it results in less random out-of-pocket payments across providers for the same hospitals products.
Towards a Greater Understanding of the Role of the Environment: A Systematic Review of Qualitative MZ Twin Differences Studies
Authors: Marzecki Filip , Widanaralalage Kennath , Bhandoh Nandini , McAdams Tom A. , Ahmadzadeh Yasmin I. , Zavos Helena M. S.
Published: February 2025

The environment is an important influence in the development of human behaviours and health outcomes. However, one of the most consistent findings from behavioural genetic studies is that most environmental influences are not shared between members of the same family. A compelling way of investigating these non-shared environmental influences is by using a monozygotic (MZ) twin differences design. Quantitative MZ differences studies have uncovered systematic non-shared environmental factors, i.e., those acting according to a general pattern in a population, for many traits, but may be omitting idiosyncratic or distinctive factors and mechanisms. Qualitative MZ differences design provides an alternative. In this study design, identical twins discordant on an outcome are interviewed in depth about the origins and context of their discordance, providing an insight into distinctive lived experiences. We conducted a systematic review examining the results and methodological features of studies using qualitative data collection and analyses to investigate differences in identical twins' experiences and outcomes. We applied a narrative synthesis. We identified seven studies, covering a range of phenotypes (e.g., anxiety or smoking) and participants (from children to older adults), which found a wide range of themes related to twins’ discordance. A major theme arising from the narrative synthesis was the role of personality and individual traits, e.g., confidence or sexual orientation, in explaining MZ twins’ discordant experiences and outcomes. Non-shared environmental factors are at least partly idiosyncratic and are therefore suitable for exploration with a qualitative research design, ideally in parallel with quantitative twin research in mixed-method research projects or programmes.
Refining management strategies in marine protected areas in oceanic islands: a non-indigenous species risk index for strategic prioritization
Authors: Castro Nuno , Monteiro João Gama , Gouveia Marisa Marques , Parretti Paola , Schäfer Susanne , Álvarez Soledad , Ramalhosa Patrício , Canning-Clode João
Published: February 2025

Non-indigenous Species (NIS) pose significant threats to marine biodiversity globally, especially in ecologically sensitive habitats such as Marine Protected Areas (MPAs). This study uses data collected in the Autonomous Region of Madeira (North Atlantic), Portugal, to create a spatial model aiming to (1) develop a spatially explicit index of NIS dispersal from known hotspots such as ports, harbours, marinas, and anchoring areas; (2) assess the relative vulnerability of Madeira's MPAs to local NIS dispersion and establishment; and (3) provide insights for a scalable NIS monitoring framework and evaluating invasion risks. The spatial model integrates maritime traffic intensity and proximity to NIS hotspots, using a straightforward approach that can be applied in data-limited contexts. While designed to address Madeira's regional challenges, the model is adaptable to other biogeographic contexts and can incorporate additional complexity, such as species-specific traits or ecological layers, to suit different settings. Our findings underscore the role of maritime infrastructure and vessel traffic in NIS spread, revealing the vulnerability of Madeira's MPAs due to insufficient ecological monitoring and the absence of NIS monitoring and early detection programs. This study provides practical recommendations for improving MPA management and mitigating NIS risks, contributing to regional conservation efforts. Additionally, it establishes a baseline risk assessment approach that can be customised and expanded to guide NIS management and biodiversity conservation in other regions, particularly those with similar challenges.
The fiber saturation point: does it mean what you think it means?
Authors: Fredriksson Maria , Thybring Emil Engelund , Zelinka Samuel L. , Glass Samuel V.
Published: February 2025

Wood–water interactions are central to wood science, technology, and engineering. In the early twentieth century, the term “fiber saturation point” was coined to refer to the point of transition from the domain where wood properties change with moisture content to the domain where wood properties are constant. This conceptual model assumed that the wood cell walls are water saturated at this transition point and that capillary water appears above this point. This has since then been contradicted by multiple studies. Additionally, the fiber saturation point has been associated with techniques that do not necessarily measure the same moisture state. Some techniques characterize either the transition state at which wood properties change, or the state at which the cell walls are water saturated. These are, however, not the same moisture state. The aim of this paper is to clarify which moisture states the various fiber saturation points represent discussed from a conceptual model consistent with current experimental evidence. To avoid confusion, we propose that the transition state at which wood properties change is the only state called “the fiber saturation point”, or, for even more clarity, “the property intersection point”. For other moisture states, we strongly recommend that the term fiber saturation point is avoided. The term “maximum cell wall moisture content” should be used for the state at which the cell walls are water saturated. Finally, we highlight the importance of considering which moisture state is relevant for a specific application and selecting an appropriate method to characterize that state.