bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Modern trends in the digitalization of education
Authors: Petrusevich D A
Published: December 2020

The process of education digitalization has been on its way for a long time. However, a strong surge of interest arose during the period of temporary communication restrictions associated with Covid-19 and the widespread transition to a completely remote format of interaction between all participants in educational process. Digitalization has affected all levels of education and directly the activities of students, teachers, administrators, or stakeholders. The purpose of the study is to evaluate the current state of education digitalization. The objectives of the research are to study trends in the global and domestic online educational market, identify the features of digital educational activities implementation in the Russian Federation, and comparatively analyze the willingness of secondary and higher education to put digital distance learning into practice.
Counterexamples and critical thinking formation
Authors: Neiskashova E V , Fomina T N
Published: December 2020

It is beyond argument that the data stream surrounding us is just expanding with every passing day, and the amount of its new participants providing this or that information is rocketing hour after hour. And in many cases the information offered is highly controversial. Is it possible to learn how to systematize it, evaluate it for reliability, cut off materials that are not significant? Formation and development of critical thinking, to a certain degree, contributes to the solution of these problems. A lot of experts consider that critical thinking is if not fundamental, then at least key point to the society. It is difficult to believe that a specialist, for example, in the field of international trade does not possess critical thinking. How could he then analyze and interpret market trends, assess possible consequences of interest rate fluctuations or explain influence of some factors on production. The reason why people manage to do it is existence of critical thinking; moreover, it is impossible to imagine a well-educated person without such a feature. That is why people with critical thinking are so important for any society They have a whole set of skills in their arsenal–these are observation and the ability to make out case, undivided attention to study the information gained and the talent to apply analytical skills in a variety of situations. The article dwells upon the issue of interconnection between Mathematics and critical thinking. Contribution of teaching counterexamples in the course of mathematical disciplines to the formation of critical thinking has been studied.
The impact of cold spells on mortality from a wide spectrum of diseases in Guangzhou, China
Authors: Chen Jinjian , Dong Hang , Yang Jun , Li Li , Jin Jieqi , Yang Zhou , Lin Guozhen , Ou Chun-Quan
Published: December 2020

Cold spells have been associated with mortality from a few broad categories of diseases or specific diseases. However, there is a lack of data about the health effects of cold spells on mortality from a wide spectrum of plausible diseases which can reveal a more comprehensive contour of the mortality burden of cold spells. We collected daily mortality data in Guangzhou during 2010–2018 from the Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention. The quasi-Poisson generalized linear regression model mixed with the distributed lag non-linear model (DLNM) was conducted to examine the health impacts of cold spells for 11 broad causes of death groupings and from 35 subcategories in Guangzhou. Then, we examined the effect modification by age group (0–64 and 65+ years) and sex. Effects of cold spells on mortality generally delayed for 3–5 d and persisted up to 27 d. Cold spells were significantly responsible for increased mortality risk for most categories of deaths, with cumulative relative risk (RR) over 0–27 lagged days of 1.57 [95% confidence interval (CI): 1.48–1.67], 1.95 (1.49–2.55), 1.58 (1.39–1.79), 1.54 (1.26–1.88), 1.92 (1.15–3.22), 1.75, (1.14–2.68), 2.02 (0.78–5.22), 1.92 (1.49–2.48), 1.48 (1.18–1.85), and 1.18 (1.06–1.30) for non-accidental causes, cardiovascular diseases, respiratory diseases, digestive diseases, nervous system diseases, genitourinary diseases, mental diseases, endocrine diseases, external cause and neoplasms, respectively. The magnitudes of the effects of cold spells on mortality varied remarkably among the 35 subcategories, with the largest cumulative RR of 2.87 (1.72–4.79) estimated for pulmonary heart diseases. The elderly and females were at a higher risk of mortality for most diseases after being exposed to cold spells. Increased mortality from a wide range of diseases was significantly linked with cold spells. Our findings may have important implications for formulating effective preventive strategies and early warning response plans that mitigate the health burden of cold spells.
Oxygen-18 and carbon-13 isotopes in eCO2 and erythrocytes carbonic anhydrase activity of Finnish prediabetic population
Authors: Kårlund Anna , Kääriäinen Teemu , Kostamo Vili M , Kokkola Tarja , Kolehmainen Marjukka , Lakka Timo A , Pihlajamäki Jussi , Manninen Albert
Published: December 2020

Complex human physiological processes create the stable isotopic composition of exhaled carbon dioxide (eCO2), measurable with noninvasive breath tests. Recently, isotope-selective breath tests utilizing natural fluctuation in 18O/16O isotope ratio in eCO2 have been proposed for screening prediabetic (PD) individuals. It has been suggested that 18O/16O fractionation patterns reflect shifts in the activity of carbonic anhydrase (CA), an enzyme involved in the metabolic changes in the PD state. To evaluate the applicability of the breath sampling method in Finnish PD individuals, breath delta values (BDVs, ‰) of 18O/16O (δ
18O) were monitored for 120 min in real-time with a high-precision optical isotope ratio spectrometer, both in the fasting state and during a 2 h oral glucose tolerance test (2 h OGTT) with non-labeled glucose. In addition, the BDV of 13C/12C (δ
13C) was measured, and total erythrocyte CA activity was determined. δ
18O and CA did not demonstrate any statistically significant differences between PD and non-diabetic control (NDC) participants. Instead, δ
13C was significantly lower in PD patients in comparison to NDCs in the fasting state and at time points 90 and 120 min of the 2 h OGTT, thus indicating slightly better potential in identifying Finnish PD individuals. However, overlapping values were measured in PD participants and NDCs, and therefore, δ
13C cannot be applied as a sole measure in screening prediabetes at an individual level. Thus, because the combination of environmental and lifestyle factors and anthropometric parameters has a greater effect on glucose metabolism and CA activity in comparison to the PD state, 18O/16O and 13C/12C fractionations or CA activity did not prove to be reliable biomarkers for impaired glucose tolerance in Finnish subjects.

This study was conducted under the clinicaltrials.gov ID NCT03156478.
Parametric study of position of an outrigger-belt system through pushover analysis
Authors: Gupta Aakash , Mohan Rajat , Podder Debabrata
Published: December 2020

This study revolves around the high-rise RCC buildings with lateral force resisting system (LFRS). While constructing a multi-storey building, it is necessary to survey various salient features such as lateral load resistance capacity and lateral stiffness. The LFRS is used to introduce the lateral force resistances in the building and the LFRS used for this study are core and outrigger-belt system. Since the core is applied to the whole building at once, thus application related to it are easier, but when another LFRS (outrigger belt system in this study) which is dedicated to a certain floor, is added in the building, then its position can affect the performance of the building. There has been a lot of theories regarding the optimum positions which show how the position of these storey dependent LFRS can affect the overall performance of the buildings. When a multi-storey building is prone to high intensity earthquake load or heavy wind load, the outrigger-belt and core system would resist the rotation and prevent excessive sway caused by lateral loads. Thus, if proper analysis is performed on the building for optimum position of these systems, then the overall performance can be increased significantly. For this purpose, the buildings of 20-, 25-, and 30-storeys are analysed by Pushover Analysis with two load patterns using Midas GEN. The study is also performed in buildings with different stiffness conditions to understand the overall behaviour of the building for optimum positions. A total of 285 building models are tested using two different load patterns. These buildings differ from each other in terms of position of outrigger, stiffness and number of storeys.
A study on the setting and flow behaviour of alkali activated slag/fly ash composites in ambient condition
Authors: Namitha S , Muhammed Nabil K , Mohammed Rafeeque N V , Sundhar Reshma , Raju Thushara , Ramaswamy K P
Published: December 2020

Alkali-activated binders (AAB) are considered as a promising sustainable future construction material, and promoted as an environmentally beneficial option when compared to Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC). Portland cement-based concrete is the most used material in the construction industry. In the production of OPC, harmful gasses like CO2, NO2, SO2 and specks of dust are discharged into the atmosphere due to calcination of limestone and combustion of fossil fuel. Hence in the present scenario, it has become an emphatic necessity to replace Ordinary Portland Cement based concrete with AAB based system (geopolymer) which is more sustainable. The characteristics of geopolymer composites are predominantly influenced by some of the variables such as temperature and time of curing, alkaline solution to solid binder ratio, water content, type of alkaline activators used, molarity of alkaline solution, chemical composition of aluminosilicate precursors etc. Although geopolymer systems are good in terms of durability and strength, the main issue faced for its less popularity in the field application is its low workability, poor slump retention and too fast setting.

The aim of this experimental study is to investigate the compatibility between modern generation superplasticizers (SP) and various alkali activated binder systems prepared using industrial wastes and the evaluation on the effect of alkali binder ratio (a/b) on the fresh properties of alkali activated binder (AAB) systems. Considering the practical implications, it is the need of the hour to develop a geopolymer mix setting in ambient condition. This study focuses on setting and flow behaviour of the alkaline activated composites of slag and fly ash in ambient condition only. The slag/fly ash ratios of 100/0, 75/25, 50/50 and 25/75by mass and alkali-to-binder ratios of 0.4 to 1 with an increment of 0.1 were used for the study. The type of superplasticizer used for the study is Sulphonated Naphthalene Formaldehyde (SNF) with dosages of 0%, 1%, 2% and 3%. The setting time and the flow of the paste were determined using vicat apparatus and mini slump cone respectively. The penetration resistance of the setting paste was also measured using vicat apparatus. The test results revealed that even though the setting time increase marginally with SP dosage, the use of SNF was not much effective in prolonging the setting time of alkali activated pastes. There was tremendous increase in the initial and final setting time for pastes with an increase in a/b ratio.
Effects of crowd behavior on dynamic responses of permanent grandstand structure
Authors: Thasrifa M , Thowsif Mohammed , Ramaswamy K P
Published: December 2020

Constructions industry’s novel design and technological development have resulted in an enhanced use of slender structures having low natural frequency. The overwhelming happiness in concert, shows, sporting events etc., potentialize enthusiastic behaviour of people causes dynamic crowd load i.e., synchronized rhythmic movements may excite supporting slender structures such as stadium, grandstands, auditorium, bridges, malls and convention centre. The combination of slender structures with dynamic crowd load makes the structure easily vulnerable to excessive vibrations and dangerously affects the safety and comfort of occupants. Hence the vibration problems due to increased structural slenderness and dynamic crowd excitation have become more common. So studies regarding the behaviour of dynamic crowd load are mandatory. The present work aims to find out the behaviour of permanent grandstand structure under dynamic crowd load. Here we investigate the behaviour of grandstand structure considering load at different frequency of jumpers in the range of 1.5 Hz to 3.5Hz, different types of activity such as normal jumping, high aerobics and low aerobics and various percentage of active crowd with total crowd, also the effects of rake angle on the structure to reduce the vibration. Active dynamic crowd load was analytically developed as taken from BS 6399-Part 1 and generated as time history and applied to the structure. The passive live load as taken 5kN/m2 specified in IS 875 (Part II). A three dimensional finite element model is used to model the grandstand structure. For modelling the grandstand structure and dynamic analysis finite element software, SAP2000 was used. The results obtained are compared in form of horizontal frequency, vertical frequency, acceleration, displacement, shear force and bending moment.
A study on partial and full replacement of fine aggregate in high-performance concrete with granulated blast furnace slag
Authors: Srinivas Dodda , Chitirala Hardik , Srinivasarao C H , Adak Dibyendu
Published: December 2020

The influence of the partial / full replacement of fine aggregates with granulated blast furnace slag (GBS) and its effect on mechanical strength and durability properties (acid attack) of high-performance concrete of grade (M60) had been studied in the present work. The high-performance concrete mix had been designed in such a way that one group with natural sand and another with manufactured sand (Quarry dust). Each group of concrete mix with natural and manufactured sand consisted of five sub-groups, having 0%, 30%, 50%, 80% and 100% of GBS content. Other pozzolanic materials such as fly ash and silica fume were also employed to replace ordinary Portland cement (OPC) at 20% and 8% respectively, with a constant w/c ratio of 0.32 for the desired slump of 100 mm. According to the results, all the replacement levels of fine aggregate by GBS proved to enhance the mechanical and durability performance of concrete. It is concluded that the high-performance concrete can be produced by utilizing 100% GBS as fine aggregate, with improved mechanical and durability performance.
Seismic performance of exoskeleton structures in irregular buildings
Authors: Vijayan Vivek , Sajeeb R
Published: December 2020

Exoskeleton Structure is a diagrid like structure used for retrofitting existing structures. This paper evaluates the seismic performance of exoskeleton structures on buildings with plan irregularity. Linear dynamic analysis using Response Spectrum method is carried out. L shaped buildings frames with A/L ratios of 0.15, 0.30 and 0.50 are considered in the present study. The results show that exoskeleton structure is capable of reducing response parameters such as shear force, floor displacement and forces in columns.
Durability studies on blended cement paste exposed to ammonium chloride environment
Authors: Babu Sheba , Sahad Mohammed , Vijeesh K P , Syamjith C K , Raneesh Mohammed , Ramaswamy K P , Nazeer M , Thowsif Mohammed
Published: December 2020

The exposure of concrete systems in ammonium based environments can be considered as an aggressive medium which can induce severe and premature deterioration, thus adversely affecting the durability of concrete structures. This paper aims to understand the degradation kinetics of cementitious systems made with Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) and various combinations of Supplementary Cementitious Materials (SCMs) exposed to chemical grade ammonium chloride (NH4Cl) solution. For this study, the cement paste specimens were exposed to ammonium chloride solution in two different concentrations (1.25 M and 2.5 M) for an exposure duration of two and half months. The kinetics of degradation were evaluated on the basis of changes in mass, visual assessment, changes in thickness and changes in the pH of ammonium chloride solution. Based on the test results, the ternary blended mix with OPC, Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag (GGBS) and Silica fume (SF), that is, OPC(50%) - GGBS(40%) - SF(10%) is found to have higher resistance to ammonium chloride attack. The results stress the need to include SCMs and the importance to tailor make the cementitious system for structures exposed to aggressive environment like ammonium chloride.
Experimental studies on pervious geopolymer concrete
Authors: Uma Maguesvari M , Muthaiyan P , Yugasini S , Ammaiappan M
Published: December 2020

The aim of the investigation is to assess the features of the utilization of a geo polymer binder for producing permeable geopolymer concrete. Materials used for producing pervious geopolymer concrete are fly ash, ground granulated blast furnace slag with the proportion of 60:40, sodium silicate solution, sodium hydroxide and coarse aggregate. The strength, functional characteristics and its relationship of the geo polymer pervious concrete were investigated. Compressive strength of geo polymer permeable concrete has enhanced along with the rise in density of Pervious geo polymer concrete. Permeability and voids exhibit a decreasing pattern with the increase in molarity and alkali binder ratio. Based on the strength attainment in the previous geo polymer concrete, it has used as a sub - base and base course of a flexible pavement layers.
Sustainable Production Flexible Improvement by Internal Activities Time Reduction in Manufacturing Industry
Authors: Abdul Rasib A. H. , Mahamad Noor R. , Ahmad M. N.
Published: December 2020

Nowadays, the manufacturing sectors are in the process of increasing their performance to extend productivity because there are so many challenges from competitors in the same sectors, especially in the food industry. The purpose of this study is to propose improvements to increase sustainability of food operation flexibility through secondary data collection, Cause and effect diagram analysis, and the Why-why Analysis tool. Besides, improving the understanding of Single Minute Exchange of Dies (SMED) factors in the production line can be applied by changing the internal activities to become external activities. This study is useful for manufacturing managers and companies who are willing to increase their flexibility and at the same time reduce the changeover time within their available resources without compromising the machine efficiency and cost. In conclusion, this study has provided a better understanding of reducing internal activities that cause high changeover time.
Design and Implementation of Driver Assistance System using Machine Learning
Authors: Bhargava D. S. , Shyam N. , Senthil Kumar K. , Wasim Raja M. , Sivashankar. P
Published: December 2020

The main theme of the work is to detect the traffic sign boards and alert the driver accordingly, which helps in reducing the violation of the traffic rules and also reduces the accidents that occur in day-to-day life. The vehicle will be able to guide the driver by providing the details of speed limit, traffic sign boards in high pedestrian density areas and the driver can change the speed within which the vehicle needs to operate and drive safely. The components that are used in the system design are raspberry pi 3 (module-b), ultrasonic sensor and web camera. The images of the traffic sign boards are captured using a web camera and the speed limit of the vehicle can be changed accordingly by the driver and will not be allowed to exceed the speed limit. In addition this system may help in analyzing the driving pattern.
Re-Distributed Multi-Authority Attribute Based Encryption in Cloud Using CP-ABE Algorithm
Authors: Siddhardha T , Murugaanandam  , Sri Nithin D , Raghuveer V
Published: December 2020

Cloud Computing allows us to store and share the data easily with others. Redistributed “multi-authority Attribute-Based Encryption (ABE)” has importantly implemented for finding the solutions to the problem that which arises from sharing private corporate information in computing of cloud. For Re-distributed multi-authority ABE in cloud devices that don’t believe in a single main authority, collusion resistance are often done employing a universal identifier. so for that reason, identity must be globally managed, that ends up within the critical issues of privacy and protection. The new scheme is implemented that doesn’t use a single main authority in order to co “ordinate users and keys, and only normal trust relations got to be done with sharing the general public key in between each attribute authority” (AA). The “identities of the user are different and different by combination of the user’s identity along the identity of the AA where the user is found”. If a key request must be made to the authority outside of the domain, the request must be done by the authority within the present domain instead of by the client’s, so, the user identities should remain secured to the AA outside the domain that can strengthen privacy and protection. Along with that, the main issuing protocol in between Attribute Authority is straight forward because of the results of trusted AA relationship. On top of that, the authority’s extensibility is also supported by the method presented in our paper. The scheme is predicated on order of Composite in which the groups are bilinear. Validation of protection is given which uses the twin system methodology of encryption.
Vehicle Management System To Reduce The Risky Factors Using Embedded Technology Enhanced With Wi-Fi
Authors: Jacintha V , Shakthi Murugan K H , Kaviya S , Hemamalini V , Harini B , Haripriya V
Published: December 2020

Medium to medium is a quickly developing technique, which renders enhanced client servicing, occupation betterments via best usage of assets, enhanced techniques and production via communicating between distant machinery and vehicle Management System. Here, the vehicle status and location can be determined. Vehicle Tracker utilize GPS devices to give an account of the location information to the server. Accident is unplanned harm, is an unwanted, accidental, and unintentional consequence that must have been precluded had considerations and if there is no proper system human lives will be in danger. The main purpose of this technology is to identify an accident and give an indication signal to the control room, so that the affected individual can seek some support. The severity of the incident can be identify from the control room, without going to the sot in person. If this model is fix all vehicle, it will be very useful to identify how many vehicles undergoes in that specified accident and the extent to which it has taken place. In order that the aid from control room will be able to rescue and protect driver or passengers. The present board designed the tracking of vehicle and systems for accidents alert that makes it extremely valuable and utile. This board indicates to us driver abnormal condition and as well as accident identification. It additionally identifies the driver drowsiness.
The advancing assessment of power system stability using smart grid technology
Authors: Merekenov Murat , Tokhtibakiyev Karmel , Bektimirov Anur , Nigmatullin Rassim
Published: December 2020

The paper proposes new method for assessment of power system stability. New method based on advancing approach to determination of stability limits. The paper represents more accurate and reliable ways to determine limits for power transmission through the grid. Nowadays, the static stability limits formed by using special software which solves nonlinear equations of the electrical system. Power systems control power flows through the power lines for avoiding black outs by using automated control systems. Automation thresholds depend on the maximum power transmitted through the line or section, and the maximum transmitted power is calculated using the iterative methods. But the calculations in this way are not sufficiently accurate and flexible, since the calculations are done for the entire system, and not for each section individually. And it means the limits on certain sections and lines can vary. The proposed method differs from the existing one in a way it determines the limits using the angle shift between the voltage phasors in the nodes in real time. It makes possible to more deeply and adaptively manage. Also proposed new control algorithms which determines stability boundaries in advance. Algorithm was verified through experimental studies on physical model of the power system.
Innovative and Smart Methodology towards Kidney Disease Detection in Earlier Stage
Authors: Karthi S P , Guganesh S , K Kavitha K , Dinesh Kumar J R , Selvakumar D
Published: December 2020

In modern era of medical field, kidney diseases are the foremost common diseases found in the majority of the populations in subsequent years. The essential is diagnosing the problem and however advanced task that ought to be accomplished precisely with proficiently. In most of the cases, kidney condition leads to loss of life. Diagnosing could be a tough thus the intention of the research is to develop a neural-trained system to spot kidney condition risk of the patients. The Artificial Neural network will collect the data from the previous method and it will be helpful to identify the chance factors on the premise of provided data. This paper uses neural techniques for diagnosing of the kidney disease. MATLAB simulation was employed as a development tool.
Deep Learning Based Lung Cancer Detection and Classification
Authors: Kalaivani N , Manimaran N , Sophia Dr. S , D Devi D
Published: December 2020

Lung diseases are indeed the lung-affecting diseases which impair the respiratory mechanism. Lung cancer has been one of the leading causes of mortality in humans worldwide. Early detection can enhance survival chances amid humans. If the condition is diagnosed in time, the average survival rates for people with lung cancer rise from 14 to 49 percent. While computed tomography (CT) is far more effective than X-ray, a thorough diagnosis includes multiple imaging approaches to support each other. A deep neural network for detecting lung cancer from CT images is developed and evaluated. For the classification of the lung image as normal or malignant, a densely connected convolution neural network (DenseNet) and adaptive boosting algorithm wasused. A dataset of 201 lung images is used in which 85% of the images are used for training and 15% of the images are used for testing and classification. Experimental results showed that the proposed method achieved an accuracy of 90.85%. Keywords: DenseNet, Image Processing, Deep Learning, Convolution Neural Networks (CNN).
Implementation of high performance traffic management system using novel blockade mechanism
Authors: Ram Prasanna K , Menaka R , Pavan Ram P , Rithul M
Published: December 2020

Traffic in cities is one-sided during peak hours in a day, these traffics are uncontrollable with traffic management alone because it might cost fuels for opting long distance. Mainstream roads which connect important areas come under non extendable category, government spends a lot of money to buy the lands from the public and make alterations in electric cables, drainage system, platforms etc. Heart areas of cities need investments which take a big part in development budget. So in the proposed work, a novel method is introduced where movable pole blockades are controlled using IoT & intelligent traffic monitoring. As per survey, the two way roads having three lanes on each side can be used in 2:4 and 4:2 ratios, this method is cost efficient as it consumes only one third the amounts of usual practices. The traffic congestion is detected using video cameras incorporated in ATS (Area Traffic System). When the density of the vehicles cross the threshold for more than a period of time then an adaptive method is implemented to overcome one-sided traffic congestion. It can pave the way to delegates (VIP’s) and even national emergency teams/ambulances/fire extinguishers to cross an area without disturbing the public. These poles are a one-time investment and digital signboards on it will indicate the subject change like converging/diverging of roads, VIP usage etc. the other two lanes can be used by the public for LMV (Light Motor Vehicle) and HMV (Heavy Motor Vehicle) including public transportation. This method can be altered from signal to signal and also in between the signals in case of roads meeting perpendicular to the lanes. Mono directional traffic is common in and around the world where population densities are highly influential in time and fuel wastage.
Multi Path Routing Technique Based RRP for P2P Network
Authors: Christo Mary Subaja , Bommi R. M. , Mariyappan K.
Published: December 2020

All articles must contain an abstract. Peer to Peer (P2P) network is useful for developing applications and downloading files from the internet. In the existing P2P networks, communication is initiated and supported by peers. Security issues constitute the main challenge in the design of reliable communication techniques for P2P networks. In the past, Rumor Riding Protocol was used in distributed systems for performing coordination and communication. However, the existing Rumor Riding Protocol is used flooding technique to forward the response to the initiator it may leads high network traffic to avid this I have Enhanced Multi path forwarding technique to Rumor Riding Protocol and also enhancement with security features to make them suitable for downloading applications in P2P networks. In this method, it enhances the Rumor Riding Protocol with security features by including a Cryptographic Puzzle, a Challenge Question scheme using trust modeling and an intelligent beta reputation model for secured communication in P2P networks. For this purpose, five new techniques are proposed in this research work, all of which aim at enhancing the security of communication using Rumor Riding Protocol in the P2P networks.
RETRACTED: An Image Processing based Fault Detection in Fabrics
Authors: Jacintha V , Shakthi Murugan K H , Kumar Karanam Arun , Devi S , Saravanan G , Shyam Ganesh D
Published: December 2020

There are several defect that are occurring in fabrics they occur in the form of a hole, mark, improper stitch, oil stains, missed threads etc. The common thing about these defect are, they cannot be viewed by the naked eye. Hence we firmly say that they defects cannot be effectively identified by manual inspection. However, a much-automated method of inspection is essential. Hence, we are going for computer vision based defect detection. The primary requirement about computer vision is a full-fledged camera that can capture even minute defects. We use K-means clustering along with FCM segmentation in order to segment the flaws efficiently. The classifier used here is SVM classifier, with sensible classification rates of up to 98.9%.
Design And Implementation Of Iterative Dct Using Concurrent Loading For Image Encoding
Authors: Jessintha Dr. D , Aishwaryalakshmi P , Divya U , Gayathri H
Published: December 2020

Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT) is the most widely used transformforsignal compression in many image and video processing applications. Spatial signals are transformed to frequency domain in which the signal is broken down into different frequency components Through DCT. DCT is generally used for image compression but also for noise reduction in images. But various digital architectures developed for computing DCT for images require large computations resulting in a complex and costly design. So a design of an advanced model of parallel DCT with iterative looping structureis proposed to process images. The benefit of such 8-point iterative DCT architecture is that it improves the resolution of the input image thereby utilizing low power principle and finally transforms the image data with reduced errors. The iterative DCT used in this system results in reduced processing time. The digital architecture used for the image processing follows distributed arithmetic algorithm. As a result, the proposed system achieves an area reduction of 47% and an energy reduction of 65.55%.
Geometric characteristics of the pipe in pipe type device with a screw heat exchange element
Authors: Vorontsova Valeriya Leonidovna , Bagoutdinova Alfiya Gizzetdinovna
Published: December 2020

To increase the thermal and hydrodynamic efficiency of tubular apparatuses, it is necessary to develop new designs of heat-exchange elements, which are distinguished by high thermal efficiency, manufacturability and low cost of production. In the work, it is proposed to use screw pipes as heat-exchange elements of tubular heat exchangers, since they have a higher degree of surface development compared to smooth-tube elements. The manufacturing technology of such pipes can be carried out in the cold state by the method of rotational forging (rotational compression), which is one of the varieties of the forging process and implemented on special rotary forging machines. To determine the heat transfer coefficients in the screw heat exchange elements mounted a special experimental setup. The main part of the installation is a pipe-in-pipe type heat exchanger, the heat exchange element of which is made in the form of a screw pipe. A experimental research technique has been developed, and the results of physical experiments on heat transfer, as is known, are generalized by criterion equations in which an equivalent diameter is used as a characteristic size. In this regard, the authors proposed a method for calculating the basic geometric characteristics of a screw heat-exchange element, and also obtained formulas for calculating the equivalent diameter of the pipe and annular space in a tube-in-pipe apparatus with a screw heat-exchange element. The results of this work can be used in the calculations and design of new promising heat exchange equipment.
Intelligent Origins of European Globalism: Early Stoicism and Ciceron
Authors: Vorontsova Valeriya Leonidovna , Salimgareev Maxim Vladimirovich , Salimgareev Dmitry Vladimirovich
Published: December 2020

The origin of socio-philosophical ideas about universal unity in the tradition of Stoicism and the writings of Cicero in the context of the cultural and historical conditions of the Roman intellectual reception of the ideas of cosmopolitanism of the early Stoics is considered. Performed the analysis of the continuity and development of the concept of “primary inclination” in the picture of the emergence of society and its structures developed by thinkers. The work uses the general scientific inductive method of ascending from the particular to the general, which allows a heuristic approach to the analysis of the intellectual practice of constructing a philosophical picture of the world of ancient authors. Authors used historical analysis of ideas, aimed at revealing the specific cultural context of their origin and development in space and time. The authors reveal the specifics of the stoic representation of the manifestations of the original, nature-like solidarity in the historical and philosophical discourse of ancient authors. The key provisions of the doctrine of the early Stoics and Cicero cosmopolis are analyzed. When considering the cultural and historical specificity of the indicated elements of the intellectual tradition, attention is drawn to the dependence of the Roman speaker views as a social philosopher on the political teachings of ancient authors. The article considers in a new way of he cultural and historical formation of ideas about universal unity in ancient anthropological discourse. The work is based on the analysis of the reception of the stoic idea of “primary inclination” in the writings of Cicero.
Network simulation of the sewage treatment system in machine-building enterprises
Authors: Vorontsova Valeriya Leonidovna , Savdur Svetlana Nikolaevna
Published: December 2020

The article examines the technological complex of wastewater treatment (WWS) of machine-building production. The wastewater treatment complex (WWS) of machine-building production has a complex multi-level structure; therefore, modern methods of system analysis, computer modeling, and the theory of Petri nets are used to study, model, and analyze such systems. The apparatus of the theory of Petri nets (SP) is selected from the main methods for modeling discrete-continuous chemical-technological systems (CTS) for modeling the process of SAL of engineering production. Petri nets are used, focused on modeling and analysis of discrete-continuous CTS, by including priority transitions, delay time of labels in positions and transitions. A model of a typical apparatus that implements the OSV technological process was synthesized in the form of a modified Petri net (SME). The software package for the OSV technological process control system was created using the TRACE MODE SCADA technology.
Electronic and geometric determinants of adsorption: fundamentals and applications
Authors: Li Bo , Gao Wang , Jiang Qing
Published: December 2020

Adsorption is an essential phenomenon in surface science and is closely related to many applications such as catalysis, sensors, energy storage, biomedical applications and so on. It is widely accepted that the adsorption properties are determined by the electronic and geometric structures of substrates and adsorbates. The d-band model and the generalized coordination number model take the electronic and geometric structures of substrates into consideration respectively, successfully rationalizing the trends of adsorption on transition metals (TMs), TM nanoparticles (NPs) and some TM alloys. The linear scaling relationship (LSR) uncovers the role of the electronic structures of adsorbates in adsorption and allow the ascertainment of the trend of adsorption between different adsorbates. Recently, we develop an effective model to correlate adsorption energy with the easily accessible intrinsic electronic and geometric properties of substrates and adsorbates which holds for TMs, TM NPs, near-surface alloys and oxides. This intrinsic model can naturally derive the LSR and its generalized form, indicates the efficiency and limitation of engineering the adsorption energy and reaction energy, and enables rapid screening of potential candidates and designing of catalysts since all parameters are accessible and predictable. In this comprehensive review, we summarize these models to clarify their development process and uncover their connection and distinction, thereby drawing an explicit and overall physical picture of adsorption. Consequently, we provide a more comprehensive understanding about the broad applications of these models in catalysis. The theoretical part introduces necessary theoretical foundations and several well-built models with respect to the electronic models, the geometric models, the LSR and the intrinsic model. The application section describes their broad scope in catalysis, including oxygen reduction reaction, CO2 reduction reaction and nitrogen reduction reaction. We believe this review will provide necessary and fundamental background knowledge to further understand the underlying mechanism of adsorption and offer beneficial guidance for the rapid screening of catalysts and materials design.
Partial least squares modelling of spectroscopic data from microplasma emissions for determination of CO2 concentration
Authors: Klintberg Lena , Åkerfeldt Erika , Persson Anders
Published: December 2020

The spectral emissions from a microplasma have been used to predict the CO2 concentration in gas samples covering a concentration range of 0%–100%. Different models based on partial least squares have been evaluated, comparing two different spectral pre-processing filters –multiplicative scatter correction (MSC) and standard normal variate correction (SNV) – and three different wavelength ranges. The models were compared with respect to accuracy, precision, stability and linearity. CO2 samples were mixed with either air or nitrogen. The choice of mixing gas influenced the predicted concentration and basing the models on data from only one mixing gas resulted in higher prediction power. Using air as mixing gas and SNV filtering resulted in a root mean square error of prediction (RMSEP) of 0.03 for an independent test dataset. This RMSEP was of the same range as the experimental error. On the other hand, the models with the best long term stability, reaching the lowest Allan variance, were based on observations with both mixing gases. Models based on MSC filtering generally had slightly higher RMSEP than those based on SNV filtering. Generally, the CO2 concentration could be accurately predicted in the concentration range of 5%–90%. For higher and lower concentrations, the models underestimated the CO2 concentration and were less accurate and precise. Basing the models on fewer wavelengths resulted in reduced linearity. The models were also evaluated by applying them for transcutaneous blood gas monitoring, where they helped to reveal new physiological information.
Oxford nanopore sequencing in clinical microbiology and infection diagnostics
Authors: Sheka Dropen , Alabi Nikolay , Gordon Paul M K
Published: December 2020

Extended turnaround times and large economic costs hinder the usage of currently applied screening methods for bacterial pathogen identification (ID) and antimicrobial susceptibility testing. This review provides an overview of current detection methods and their usage in a clinical setting. Issues of timeliness and cost could soon be circumvented, however, with the emergence of detection methods involving single molecule sequencing technology. In the context of bringing diagnostics closer to the point of care, we examine the current state of Oxford Nanopore Technologies (ONT) products and their interaction with third-party software/databases to assess their capabilities for ID and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) prediction. We outline and discuss a potential diagnostic workflow, enumerating (1) rapid sample prep kits, (2) ONT hardware/software and (3) third-party software and databases to improve the cost, accuracy and turnaround times for ID and AMR. Multiple studies across a range of infection types support that the speed and accuracy of ONT sequencing is now such that established ID and AMR prediction tools can be used on its outputs, and so it can be harnessed for near real time, close to the point-of-care diagnostics in common clinical circumstances.
Methylated and unmethylated epialleles support variegated epigenetic silencing in Friedreich ataxia
Authors: Rodden Layne N , Chutake Yogesh K , Gilliam Kaitlyn , Lam Christina , Soragni Elisabetta , Hauser Lauren , Gilliam Matthew , Wiley Graham , Anderson Michael P , Gottesfeld Joel M , Lynch David R , Bidichandani Sanjay I
Published: December 2020

Friedreich ataxia (FRDA) is typically caused by homozygosity for an expanded GAA triplet-repeat in intron 1 of the FXN gene, which results in transcriptional deficiency via epigenetic silencing. Most patients are homozygous for alleles containing > 500 triplets, but a subset (~20%) have at least one expanded allele with < 500 triplets and a distinctly milder phenotype. We show that in FRDA DNA methylation spreads upstream from the expanded repeat, further than previously recognized, and establishes an FRDA-specific region of hypermethylation in intron 1 (~90% in FRDA versus < 10% in non-FRDA) as a novel epigenetic signature. The hypermethylation of this differentially methylated region (FRDA-DMR) was observed in a variety of patient-derived cells; it significantly correlated with FXN transcriptional deficiency and age of onset, and it reverted to the non-disease state in isogenically corrected induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived neurons. Bisulfite deep sequencing of the FRDA-DMR in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from 73 FRDA patients revealed considerable intra-individual epiallelic variability, including fully methylated, partially methylated, and unmethylated epialleles. Although unmethylated epialleles were rare (median = 0.33%) in typical patients homozygous for long GAA alleles with > 500 triplets, a significantly higher prevalence of unmethylated epialleles (median = 9.8%) was observed in patients with at least one allele containing < 500 triplets, less severe FXN deficiency (>20%) and later onset (>15 years). The higher prevalence in mild FRDA of somatic FXN epialleles devoid of DNA methylation is consistent with variegated epigenetic silencing mediated by expanded triplet-repeats. The proportion of unsilenced somatic FXN genes is an unrecognized phenotypic determinant in FRDA and has implications for the deployment of effective therapies.
Laparoscopy management for spontaneous bladder rupture: a case report
Authors: Celotti Simone , Benuzzi Laura , Ceriani Chiara , D’Amore Piero , Foschi Diego , del Re Luca
Published: December 2020

We present a case of a 79-year-old man with lower abdominal pain and negative Blumberg sign. An indwelling bladder catheter was inserted for urinary retention due to a tight phimosis 2 months earlier. A contrast-enhanced computed tomography scan revealed a huge gastrectasia and small bowel distention due to a suspected adherent bridle. The clinical signs and the laboratory tests were highly suspicious for bowel obstruction and emergency surgery was indicated. Exploratory laparoscopy showed a bladder hole tamponade by an ileum loop. The perforation was sutured laparoscopically and the patient was discharged on the 14th postoperative day. In our case, emergency laparoscopic exploration was useful for the diagnosis and the treatment of spontaneous bladder rupture. We hope this case report can be useful to give these patients better outcomes. Notably we would like to emphasize that the presence of a urinary catheter can be a risk factor for intraperitoneal bladder rupture.
Unravelling the modus operandi of phytosiderophores during zinc uptake in rice: the importance of geochemical gradients and accurate stability constants
Authors: Northover George H R , Garcia-España Enrique , Weiss Dominik J
Published: December 2020

Micronutrient deficiencies threaten global food production. Attempts to biofortify crops rely on a clear understanding of micronutrient uptake processes. Zinc deficiency in rice is a serious problem. One of the pathways proposed for the transfer of zinc from soils into rice plants involves deoxymugineic acid (DMA), a phytosiderophore. The idea that phytosiderophores play a wider role in nutrition of Poaceae beyond iron is well established. However, key mechanistic details of the DMA-assisted zinc uptake pathway in rice remain uncertain. In particular, questions surround the form in which zinc from DMA is taken up [i.e. as free aqueous Zn(II) or as Zn(II)–DMA complexes] and the role of competitive behaviour of other metals with DMA. We propose that an accurate description of the effect of changes in pH, ligand concentration, and ionic strength on the stability of Zn(II)–DMA complexes in the presence of other metals in the microenvironment around root cells is critical for understanding the modus operandi of DMA during zinc uptake. To that end, we reveal the importance of geochemical changes in the microenvironment around root cells and demonstrate the effect of inaccurate stability constants on speciation models.