bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evolution of organizational recess: A study on general and specialist scopes
Örgütsel nişlerin evrimi: Genelci ve uzman örgütler üzerine bir araştırma
Authors: Erenel Fahri
Published: September 2015

Current research in Organizational Ecology argues that alongside positional characteristics of institutions, the scope of operations is also quintessential to understanding routines directing firm behaviour. In order to widen their scope, firms need to discover markets outside their current niches. By operating outside their boundaries and broadening their operational areas, firms attain a set of routines which facilitate entry into new markets and, thus, continue their operations more efficiently and effectively. On the other hand, despite positional advantages of a broad scope, niche expansions entail riskier organizational changes for generalist firms compared to specialist firms. This study endeavours to explain factors playing an active role during the process of becoming a generalist or specialist firm in light of population ecology and organizational inertia theories. Primarily, a literature review of related Turkish and English sources was conducted. A semi-structured interview was established to attain in-depth insight from managers in firms which adopted a specialist strategy.

 

Özet

Örgütsel ekoloji ilgili güncel çalışmalarda, işletmenin konumsal özelliklerinin yanı sıra geniş bir faaliyet alanına sahip olmalarının da işletme davranışlarına yön veren rutinleri anlamak açısından önemli olduğu ileri sürülmektedir. İşletmelerin geniş bir faaliyet alanına sahip olabilmeleri için mevcut nişlerinin sınırları dışında yer alan pazarları da keşfetmeleri gerekir. Böylelikle geniş bir nişe sahip olan işletmeler, nişlerini daha da genişleterek, yeni pazarlara girişlerini kolaylaştıran rutin bir faaliyetler seti ile etkin ve verimli bir biçimde faaliyetlerine devam edebilirler. Bununla birlikte bu niş genişlemeleri, genelci örgütlerin geniş faaliyet alanlarının sunduğu konumsal avantaja rağmen uzman örgütlere kıyasla kendilerini dezavantajlı duruma düşüren tutum ve riskli örgütsel değişimleri de içerir. Bu çalışmada nüfus (popülasyon) ekolojisi ve yapısal atalet teorileri bağlamında işletmelerin genelci olma veya uzmanlaşma sürecinde etkin rol oynayan faktörler ortaya konmaya çalışılmıştır. Çalışma kapsamında öncelikle doküman analizi tekniği kullanılarak konuyla ilgili İngilizce ve Türkçe kaynaklar detaylı biçimde incelenmiştir. Elde edilen verilerden hareketle yarı yapılandırılmış görüşme soruları oluşturularak, uzmanlaşma stratejisini benimseyen işletmelerde yönetici pozisyonunda çalışanlarla derinlemesine görüşmeler yapılmıştır.
The Effects of Extensive and Intensive Margins of FDI on Domestic Employment: Microeconomic Evidence from Italy
Authors: Bronzini Raffaello
Published: September 2015

In this paper we verify whether enterprises that have started to produce abroad have reduced employment at home after the first foreign investment (extensive margin). Next, we assess whether changes in foreign employment induce changes in domestic employment for a sample of multinationals that have already established activities abroad (intensive margin). Using matching method and diff-in-diffs estimates, we find that two years after the first foreign investment domestic employment of investing firms is slightly higher than that of domestic enterprises, but mainly among those that have undertaken horizontal foreign direct investment. In multinationals that have already activated foreign operations we find a positive relationship between foreign and domestic employment. Our findings suggest that the skill composition of domestic workforce does not change neither at the extensive nor at the intensive margin of FDI.
Dimensions of diversity: Mapping the field of media and communication studies by combining cognitive and material dimensions
Authors: Buhmann Alexander , Ingenhoff Diana , Lepori Benedetto
Published: September 2015

In this study we empirically map the field of media and communication studies (MCS) by focusing on relationships between cognitive dimensions (such as research topics and approaches) on the one hand and material dimensions (such as funding and institutionalization) on the other. Our analysis, which focuses on the field of MCS in Switzerland, identifies two clusters of research institutions representing distinct strands of research in the field. Results show how these two strands differ in terms of their resource base, institutional positioning and recognition, teaching and transfer activities, as well as activities of scientific production. Similarities and differences in these dimensions serve to explain the general evolution of the field.
Advertising in social network sites – Investigating the social influence of user-generated content on online advertising effects
Authors: Knoll Johannes , Schramm Holger
Published: September 2015

In today’s social online world there is a variety of interaction and participatory possibilities which enable web users to actively produce content themselves. This user-generated content is omnipresent in the web and there is growing evidence that it is used to select or evaluate professionally created online information. The present study investigated how this surrounding content affects online advertising by drawing from social influence theory. Specifically, it was assumed that web users sharing an interpersonal relationship (interpersonal influence) and/or a group membership (collective influence) with authors of user-generated content which appears next to advertising on the web page are more strongly influenced in their response to the advertising than unrelated users. These assumptions were tested in a 2 × 2 between-subject experiment with 118 students who were exposed to four different Facebook profiles that differed in terms of interpersonal connection to the source (existent/non-existent) and collective connection to the source (existent/non-existent). The results show a significant impact in the case of collective influence, but not in the case of interpersonal influence. The underlying mechanisms of this effect and implications of the results for online advertising are discussed.
Age differences in recall and liking of arousing television commercials
Authors: van der Goot Margot J. , van Reijmersdal Eva A. , Kleemans Mariska
Published: September 2015

This article examines whether there are differences between older and younger adults in recall and liking of arousing television commercials. As hypothesized, the experiment demonstrated that older adults remembered brands and products in calm commercials better than in arousing commercials, and they also liked calm commercials more. In contrast, younger adults remembered brands and products in arousing commercials better and they liked these commercials more. In addition, (curvi)linear relationships showed that for older adults arousal deteriorates their recall and liking, whereas for younger adults arousal – up to a certain point – is beneficial. These findings strongly suggest that advertising effects found in younger samples are unlikely to be the same for older target groups. An important practical implication is that it currently seems wise to make commercials targeted towards older adults calm instead of arousing when the aim is to generate brand recall and liking.
Bots or journalists? News sharing on Twitter
Authors: Larsson Anders Olof , Hallvard Moe
Published: September 2015

Online news sites have become an internet ‘staple’, but we know little of the forces driving the popularity of such sites in relation to what could be understood as the latest iteration of the web – social media services. This research in brief article discusses empirical results regarding the uses of Twitter for news sharing. Specifically, we present a comparative analysis of links emanating from the service at hand to a series of media outlets over a six-month period in two countries; Sweden and Norway. Focusing on linking practices among highly active Twitter accounts, we problematize the assumption that online communication involves two or more humans by directing attention to more or less automated ‘bot’ accounts. In sum, it is suggested that such automated accounts need to be dealt with more explicitly by researchers as well as practitioners interested in the popularity of online news as expressed through social media activity.
Effect of cyclic frequency on fracture mode transitions during corrosion fatigue cracking of an Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloy
Authors: Hall Meryl M.
Published: September 2015

There are complex issues remaining to be resolved before environment-assisted cracking models can be included in structural mechanics programs that are currently used to analyze mechanical fatigue crack growth. Considered here is the effect of cyclic frequency on fracture mode transitions that occur during corrosion fatigue of high-strength Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloys. These alloys are used in civilian and military aircraft applications where they are exposed to detrimental aqueous saline environments. A previously developed “critical hydrogen at a critical distance” crack growth model is used to rationalize the observed transitions in crack-path fracture-modes, from intergranular (IG), to brittle transgranular (BTG), to ductile transgranular (DTG), as the alternating stress intensity factor and cyclic frequency increase beyond critical values. Corrosion fatigue crack growth rate data obtained on Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloy 7017-T651 base metal and heat-affected “white zone” metal tested in aqueous NaCl solutions over a frequency range of 0.01–70 Hz are analyzed. For the white zone metal, dependence of the critical crack velocity on the critical frequency, at which the IG-BTG transition occurs, undergoes an abrupt reversal as the critical frequency increases above about 0.1 Hz. Mechanisms potentially responsible for this change in frequency dependency are discussed in the context of the critical hydrogen model. The transition from low to intermediate frequency behavior is speculated to be due to a change in the critical distance from microstructural control, for frequencies at or below 0.1 Hz, to control by the critical hydrogen criterion at higher frequencies. The low frequency behavior is discussed relative to the transition from static load stress corrosion cracking to low frequency corrosion fatigue, which occurs as cyclic frequency increases above zero.
A fetopathological and clinical study of the Dandy-Walker malformation and a literature review
Authors: Kitova Tanya , Kitov Borislav , Zhelyazkov Hristo , Milkov Denis , Chelli Dalenda , Masmoudi Aida , Gaigi Soumeya
Published: September 2015

Aim: The Dandy-Walker malformation is a rare abnormality of the central nervous system pertaining to the group of cystic malformations. The frequency of occurrence of the malformation ranges from 1:800 to 35,000 live births. The aim of this study is to investigate the Dandy-Walker malformation in two cases – one by autopsy after abortion due to medical indications during the 25th gestational week at The Clinic of Embryo and Fetopathology, Center for Maternity and Neonatology, Tunis, Tunisia, and another case of a 1-year-old infant diagnosed with an acute internal hydrocephalus at The Clinic of Neurosurgery, Medical University Plovdiv, Bulgaria, and to compare the results with those in the literature.

Results: Both cases are of an isolated Dandy-Walker malformation without any associated abnormalities of the central nervous system and other organs and systems. After the placement of a ventriculoperitoneal shunt in the second case, the child’s condition was greatly improved.

Conclusion: The question arises whether the prenatal diagnosis of an isolated Dandy-Walker malformation is an indication for pregnancy termination, and who and after what examinations has the right to make this decision, given the favorable outcome after surgical treatment.
Compact MIMO Antenna for LTE Handsets
Authors: Wong H. S. , Kibria S. , Mansor M. F. B. , Islam M. T.
Published: September 2015

This paper presents a compact MIMO antenna for LTE 700, LTE 2300 and LTE 2500 applications. The antenna is configured by two symmetrical quarter wavelength meandered lines on the front side and a slotted ground plane at the back side. An decoupling patch is used to achieve good isolation between two symmetrical quarter wavelength meandered lines.
Mechanical properties of wood flour/poly (lactic acid) composites coupled with waterborne silane-polyacrylate copolymer emulsion
Authors: Liu Ru , Luo Shupin , Cao Jinzhen , Chen Yu
Published: September 2015

Wood flour/polylactic acid (WF/PLA) composites were produced with a WF content of 50% based on three types of waterborne polyacrylate (PA) emulsions including a PA homopolymer emulsion and two types of silane-PA copolymer emulsions as coupling agents. Two silanes were in focus, namely, γ-methacryloxypropyl- trimethoxysilane (silane-1) and vinyltrimethoxysilane (silane-2). The emulsions and the modified WFs were characterized, and the effects were investigated in terms of emulsion type and their loading levels on the mechanical properties of WF/PLA composites. (1) Both types of silanes could be successfully copolymerized with PA to form stable emulsions. (2) With increasing PA loading, the mechanical properties (except for flexural modulus) of the composites increased at first before reaching the maximum values at 4% PA loading and then the properties worsened. However, these values were larger than those of pure composites, especially in cases when PA-silane emulsions were applied. (3) PA modified with silane-1 showed the best coupling effect among all the three PA emulsions. The results can be interpreted that PA emulsions are effective coupling agents for the preparation of high-performance WPCs.
Robust IMEX Schemes for Solving Two-Dimensional Reaction–Diffusion Models
Authors: Owolabi Kolade M.
Published: September 2015

In this paper, numerical simulations of two-dimensional reaction–diffusion (for single and multi-species) models are considered for pattern formation processes. The nature of our problems permits the use of two classical approaches. These semi-linear partial differential equations are split into a linear equation which contains the highly stiff part of the problem, and a nonlinear part that is expected to be varying slowly than the linear part. For the spatial discretization, we introduce higher-order symmetric finite difference scheme, and the resulting ordinary differential equations are then solved with the use of the family of implicit–explicit (IMEX) schemes. Stability properties of these schemes as well as the linear stability analysis of the problems are well presented. Numerical examples and results are also given to illustrate the accuracy and implementation of the methods.
No Need for Infinite Iteration
Authors: Sivertsen Sveinung Sundfør
Published: September 2015

As part of his argument for a “Copernican revolution” in social ontology, Hans Bernhard Schmid (2005) argues that the individualistic approach to social ontology is critically flawed. This article rebuts his claim that the notion of mutual belief necessarily entails infinite iteration of beliefs about the intentions of others, and argues that collective action can arise from individual contributions without such iteration. What matters is whether or when there are grounds for belief, and while extant groups and social structures may be relevant to some forms of collective action, this does not show that all forms of collective action depends on such such pre-established collectivity.
Collective Intentionality and Causal Powers
Authors: Elder-Vass Dave
Published: September 2015

Bridging two traditions of social ontology, this paper examines the possibility that the concept of collective intentionality can help to explain the mechanisms underpinning the causal powers of some social entities. In particular, I argue that a minimal form of collective intentionality is part of the mechanism underpinning the causal power of norm circles: the social entities causally responsible for social norms. There are, however, many different forms of social entity with causal power, and the relationship of collective intentionality to these causal powers varies, depending on the form of the mechanism underpinning the power concerned. Some powers depend on collective intentionality, and others do not.
What ‘We’?
Authors: Lawford-Smith Holly
Published: September 2015

The objective of this paper is to explain why certain authors – both popular and academic – are making a mistake when they attribute obligations to uncoordinated groups of persons, and to argue that it is particularly unhelpful to make this mistake given the prevalence of individuals faced with the difficult question of what morality requires of them in a situation in which there is a good they can bring about together with others, but not alone. I will defend two alternatives to attributing obligations to uncoordinated groups. The first solution has us build better people, who will coordinate their actions willingly and spontaneously when the occasion arises. The second solution has us build better groups, so that when the occasion arises, there is a framework in place for coordinating members into action.
Linguascaping the Other: Travelogues’ representations of Chinese languages
Authors: Chen Xiaoxiao
Published: September 2015

This article examines how the travel sections of China Daily (CD) appropriate dominant tourism discourses in representing Chinese languages. Incorporating language ideology into critical discourse analysis, an examination of 223 CD travelogues reveals three discourse strands: naming Chinese cuisine, referring to Chinese languages, and metapragmatic comments on Chinese languages. It is argued that CD’s touristic representations of Chinese languages constitute part of the repertoire of dominant tourism discourses rather than a challenge or resistance against them, and CD travel writing does constitute a voice in the “contact zone,” which, however, speaks in a language that is essentially complicit in Othering China for tourist consumption.
Measurements of strain induced by chemical shrinkage in polymer composites
Authors: Osmęda Anna
Published: September 2015

The aim of this work is to determine which of the techniques that allow to measure the strain induced in polymer composites by the chemical shrinkage of resin is most appropriate for predicting process-induced deformations. There are two approaches to determine the chemical strain: measurements in-plane and through-the-thickness of composite. In the following study, two methods were used for the measurement of unidirectional carbon/epoxy composite: novel one that employs a dynamic mechanical analyzer to measure through-the-thickness strain and one designed previously to measure in-plane strain. As the results of the methods were different, finite element simulation of process-induced deformation of C-sectioned composite element was carried out in order to verify the results. Comparison of numerical results with the real part deformation showed that the measurement of through-the-thickness chemical strain is the more accurate approach in the case of the prediction of deformation and that the novel method gives valid results.
Accounting for intonational form and function in Puerto Rican Spanish polar questions
Authors: Armstrong Meghan E.
Published: September 2015

Many varieties of Romance show more than one intonation contour available for polar question (PQ) marking. Understanding the pragmatic licensing conditions for these contours is no easy task. Experimental work has tended to account for the variation in terms of dichotomies like
Phrasal compounds are compatible with Lexical Integrity
Authors: Pafel Jürgen
Published: September 2015

As phrasal compounds seem to be words that contain syntactic phrases they are a prominent case against the strict separation of morphology from syntax. However, it is not obvious at all that phrasal compounds do contain syntactic phrases. First, as for phrasal compounds whose non-head constituent is a quote, there is every reason to assume that they are NN compounds – whether or not the quote is the quote of a phrase. Second, taking the different types of phrasal compounds into account it is justified to assume that they do not contain syntactic phrases if one acknowledges phrase-to-word conversion.
Cognitive effort and pupil
dilation in controlled
and automatic processes
Authors: Querino Emanuel , dos Santos Lafaiete , Ginani Giuliano , Nicolau Eduardo , Miranda Débora , Romano-Silva Marco , Malloy-Diniz Leandro
Published: September 2015

The Five Digits Test (FDT) is a Stroop paradigm test that aims to evaluate executive functions. It is composed of
four parts, two of which are related to automatic and two of which are related to controlled processes. It is known
that pupillary diameter increases as the task’s cognitive demand increases. In the present study, we evaluated
whether the pupillary diameter could distinguish cognitive effort between automated and controlled cognitive
processing during the FDT as the task progressed. As a control task, we used a simple reading paradigm with a
similar visual aspect as the FDT. We then divided each of the four parts into two blocks in order to evaluate the
differences between the first and second half of the task. Results indicated that, compared to a control task, the
FDT required higher cognitive effort for each consecutive part. Moreover, the first half of every part of the FDT
induced dilation more than the second. The differences in pupil dilation during the first half of the four FDT
parts were statistically significant between the parts 2 and 4 (p=0.023), and between the parts 3 and 4 (p=0.006).
These results provide further evidence that cognitive effort and pupil diameter can distinguish controlled from
automatic processes.
The emerging neuroprotective role of mitochondrial uncoupling protein-2 in traumatic brain injury
Authors: Normoyle Kieran P. , Kim Miri , Farahvar Arash , Llano Daniel , Jackson Kevin , Wang Huan
Published: September 2015

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a multifaceted disease with intrinsically complex heterogeneity and remains a
significant clinical challenge to manage. TBI model systems have demonstrated many mechanisms that contribute
to brain parenchymal cell death, including glutamate and calcium toxicity, oxidative stress, inflammation, and
mitochondrial dysfunction. Mitochondria are critically regulated by uncoupling proteins (UCP), which allow
protons to leak back into the matrix and thus reduce the mitochondrial membrane potential by dissipating the
proton motive force. This uncoupling of oxidative phosphorylation from adenosine triphosphate (ATP) synthesis
is potentially critical for protection against cellular injury as a result of TBI and stroke. A greater understanding
of the underlying mechanism or mechanisms by which uncoupling protein-2 (UCP2) functions to maintain
or optimize mitochondrial function, and the conditions which precipitate the failure of these mechanisms,
would inform future research and treatment strategies. We posit that UCP2-mediated function underlies
the physiological response to neuronal stress associated with traumatic and ischemic injury and that clinical
development of UCP2-targeted treatment would significantly impact these patient populations. With a focus on
clinical relevance in TBI, we synthesize current knowledge concerning UCP2 and its potential neuroprotective
role and apply this body of knowledge to current and potential treatment modalities.
Expanding Universe with a Variable Cosmological Term
Authors: Blanco-Pérez Carlos , Fernández-Guerrero Antonio
Published: September 2015

We propose a model of expansion of the universe in which a minimal, ‘quantised’ rate is dependent upon the value of the cosmological constant Λ in Einstein’s field equations, itself not a constant but a function of the size and the entropy of the universe. From this perspective, we offer an expression which relates Hubble’s constant with the cosmological constant.
Gd4(BO2)O5F – a gadolinium borate fluoride oxide comprising a linear BO2 moiety
Authors: Höppe Henning A.
Published: September 2015

Gadolinium borate fluoride oxide Gd4(BO2)O5F crystallises in space group Pmmn (no. 59, a = 1574.6(4), b = 381.42(7), c = 660.88(11) pm, 565 refl., 28 parameters, R
1 = 0.039, wR
2 = 0.128, twin refinement) and comprises linear BO2
− anions between closely packed [GdO] layers formed by OGd4 tetrahedra and terminated by oxygen and fluorine atoms. The crystal structure’s relationship with the NiAs type is illustrated. The Raman spectrum recorded on a single crystal of Gd4(BO2)O5F comprises a single peak at 1364 cm−1 assigned to the only Raman-active vibrational mode ν
s of the linear triatomic O–B–O units besides very weak peaks at 805 and 2083 cm−1 (presumably the respective δ and ν
as modes).
Potencial de antagonismo de isolados de Trichoderma sp. contra o isolados de Fusarium sp., in vitro
Authors: Hoffmann Charles Anthony , Chagas Líllian França Borges , Silva Diego Pereira da , Chagas Junior Aloísio Freitas , Scheidt Gessiel Newton
Published: September 2015

Resumo – O uso discriminado de agrotóxicos acarreta em uma grande prejuízo a saúdes das pessoas e do meio ambiente. O uso de novos métodos de combate a pragas se faz necessário para o equilíbrio da cadeia produtiva. A utilização de microrganismos no combate a pragas se faz como uma boa alternativa. O trabalho objetivou-se em avaliar o potencial de antagonismo de isolados de Trichoderma sp. contra o patógeno Fusarium sp. in vitro. Para isso foi utilizado os métodos de confronto direto, pareamento de culturas e de metabólitos voláteis. Os experimentos foram realizados na incubadora de empresas da Universidade Federal do Tocantins – UFT Campus de Gurupi, seguiram com três repetições. Foram testados 15 isolados do antagonista em confronto direto com o patógeno e os mesmos isolados e patógeno foram testados em metabólitos voláteis ambos utilizando o meio de cultura BDA. Todos os isolados apresentaram antagonismo in vitro contra o patógeno.
Yarrowia lipolytica yeast use for the production of biomass and lipid
Authors: Delabio Aline Da Silva , Pires Juliana Angelo , Harder Márcia Nalesso Costa , Monteiro Regina Teresa Rosim , Arthur Valter
Published: September 2015

Fuels from renewable energy are gaining space in a landscape where the unbridled use of fossil fuels endangers the world's energy future. Thus biofuels are possible substitutes for fossil fuels. The use of yeast in lipid synthesis is presented as an alternative since the lipids produced can serve as raw material for production of biodiesel. This study was conducted in order to assess the feasibility of production of lipid by Yarrowia lipolytica and a subsequent application as biodiesel. Yeasts of Yarrowia lipolytica were maintained in liquid medium, Yeast Extract Peptone Dextrose, and inoculated into medium containing agro-industrial waste (molasses and vinasse) and other available waste (urban runoff). After inoculation the medium was incubated without agitation for a period of 7; 14 and 21 days. Three bottles every seven days were taken for quantification of lipids. The length greater oil production occurred after 21 days of incubation, while greater biomass production occurred 14 days of incubation. The production of lipids was less than reported in the literature but production can be increased with the appropriate study of each nutrient composition of the culture medium. The study was conducted in laboratory scale values probably biomass and lipids are major industrial scale.
Caracterização morfotintorial de Colletotrichum spp. causador de antracnose em frutos de figo cultivados experimentalmente no perímetro irrigado de São Gonçalo, Sousa-PB
Authors: Gomes Damião Junior , Hafle Oscar Mariano , Gomes Nelieide Medeiros , Fernandes Antonia Mendes Meira , Maracajá Patrício Borges
Published: September 2015

Como alternativa da inserção de novas culturas na região do Semiárido brasileiro temos o figo 'Roxo de Valinhos' (Ficus carica L.) uma planta família Moraceae que pode muito bem ser inserida no contexto da agricultura familiar, mas que vem sofrendo infecção por um fungo do gênero Colletotrichum provocando importantes percas econômicas no agronegócio e também no campo da pesquisa e extensão. Este trabalho teve como objetivo caracterizar a morfologia de isolados de Colletotrichum spp. causador de antracnose pós-colheita em frutos de Ficus carica L. cultivado experimentalmente no perímetro irrigado da São Gonçalo no município de Sousa-PB. Primeiramente identificou os frutos com sintomas de antracnose seguido de sua desinfecção com álcool a 70%. Logo fez-se montagem em lâmina de microscopia para um prévia avaliação do patógeno. O fungo foi isolado em Batata-Dextrose-Ágar a 25ºC durante 10 dias. Seguidamente foi feito o microcultivo no mesmo meio de cultura para a análise morfo-tintorial do micélio usando como corante azul de algodão e lactofenol de amann.
THE EFFECT OF SEAWEED POWDER (Eucheuma cottonii) ADDITION IN CATFISH SAUSAGE
Authors: Yakhin Lisa Amanda , Wijaya Kristalia Mulya , Santoso Joko
Published: September 2015

Sangkuriang catfish (Clarias gariepinus) is one of freshwater fish which gives low gelling capacity due to its high content of sarcoplasmic protein and lipid contents. Catfish surimi was made into fish sausage with tapioca starch as filler and seaweed powder as gelling agent. Seaweed Eucheuma cottonii have ability to increase gelling properties because of its hydrocolloid content, carrageenan. In this research, different concentrations of E. cottonii seaweed powder were added to fish sausage. E. cottonii powder improved gel strength (1816.69 g.cm), WHC (88.67%) of fish sausage without giving any effect to the sensory properties of fish sausage (aroma, flavor, off-flavor, color). The best concentration of E. cottonii powder adding was 0.50%. Fish sausage added with seaweed powder (0.50%) had comparable WHC, gel properties (gel strength, biting and folding test) and sensory properties with commercial fish sausage marketed in Indonesia. Furthermore, fish sausages added by either seaweed powder had higher whiteness degree, whiter color, and higher dietary fiber content compare to commercial fish sausage. Keywords : catfish, Eucheuma cottonii, fish sausage, seaweed powde
Endometriosis after Menopause
Authors: Inceboz Umit
Published: September 2015

Endometriosis is a common but an enigmatic disease in which endometrial glands and stroma are found outside the uterus. Worldwide, 80 million women are affected by the disease. It has generally been accepted as a problem of reproductive ages and affects 6–10% of those women. It is more common in women with infertility. Moreover, since it is an estrogen dependent problem, it is generally believed that endometriosis connotes ‘active ovarian function’ and is ‘healed’ after the menopause. However, there are reports on endometriosis beyond the reproductive ages. In this article, endometriosis after the menopause will be discussed.
Assessment of the influence of anthropogenic factors on elements of the ecological network in Vojvodina (Serbia) using the Leopold matrix
Authors: Kicosev Vesna , Romelic Jovan , Belic Andjelka , Marinic Ivo , Panjkovic Biljana
Published: September 2015

Salt steppes and marshes represent the most valuable ecosystems in the world,
providing numerous ecosystem services that are extremely vulnerable to
anthropogenic influences. These types of habitat in the territory of Serbia
are most dominant in Banat and a significant portion of them is under
protection or in the process of becoming protected. The section surrounding
the protected areas of Slano Kopovo Special Nature Reserve, Rusanda Nature
Park and Okanj Bara Special Nature Reserve with the non-building area of Novi
Becej, Kumane, Melenci, Elemir and Taras cadastral municipalities, has been
chosen for the analysis. The aim of this paper was to assess the influence of
specific anthropogenic factors on the elements of an ecological network using
the analytical method that can generate the required results in a manner
suitable for presentation to various stakeholders. To achieve this aim, the
Leopold matrix model, used for assessing anthropogenic influence on the
environment, has been chosen. The specificity of this issue of protecting and
preserving elements of an ecological network resulted in the need to isolate
and evaluate the factors affecting the preservation of habitats and
functionality of ecosystems, unlike the concept of Leopold matrix, which
treats all factors as equally important in the process of evaluation.
Evaluation results indicate significant effects of historical, perennial
manner of using the area and other resources in the non-building area.
Genetic diversity and differentiation of Pinus sylvestris L. from the IUFRO 1982 provenance trial revealed by AFLP analysis
Authors: Androsiuk Piotr , Ciaglo-Androsiuk Sylwia , Urbaniak Lech
Published: September 2015

DNA markers have become effective tools in genetic diversity studies of
forest trees. However, molecular marker analyses are associated with
laborious and costly effort. One of the possibilities to overcome these
constraints is to analyze bulked samples per population, rather than
individual plants. We have used bulked DNA-based AFLP analysis to investigate
genetic variations in Pinus sylvestris L. (Scots pine) from the IUFRO 1982
provenance trial in K?rnik (western Poland). Four AFLP primer combinations
yielded a total of 309 bands, of which 208 (67.31%) were polymorphic.
Thirty-six (11.65%) unique alleles were deployed randomly among the
populations. Estimated genetic diversity and differentiation was high, as
expressed by He = 0.238 and I = 0.356, and by genetic distance values which
ranged from 0.154 to 0.363. A geographic pattern of interpopulation
differentiation was observed, pointing to the individual character of
populations from northeastern Europe. In the light of available data, we
discuss the influence of historical migration routes, gene flow and human
activity on observed genetic diversity and differentiation of Scots pine in
Europe. Our results indicate that the AFLP method applied to DNA templates
extracted from bulked leaf samples provides an efficient approach to
elucidate genetic diversity and relationships among Scots pine populations.
Phenolic compounds and carotenoids in pumpkin fruit and related traditional products
Authors: Zdunic Gordana , Menkovic Nebojsa , Jadranin Milka , Novakovic Miroslav , Savikin Katarina , Zivkovic Jelena
Published: September 2015

Pumpkin fruit is used in a diet since ancient times especially in rural
communities. The major contributory factors of nutritional and medicinal
value of pumpkins are carotenoids, polysaccharides, vitamins, minerals, and
phenolic compounds. Due to a very large fruit that it is not easy to consume
a whole as well as short shelf-life of fresh-cut pumpkin, different ways of
conserving and processing are performed. In our study, total carotenoids,
total phenolics and individual phenolics in fresh pumpkin and pumpkin
traditional products such as sweet in wine, jam and juice, which are typical
for northern parts of Serbia, were studied. Total carotenoids ranged from
27.6 ?g/g of pumpkin sweet in wine to 86.3 ?g/g of fresh fruit, while the
amount of total phenolics varied between 93.0 ?g GAE/g of pumpkin juice and
905.9 ?g GAE/g of fresh fruit. Eight phenolic compounds were identified in
the investigated samples and among them phenolic acids dominated. Among
flavonoids, flavanon glycoside hesperidin was detected.
Alzheimer dementia: A problem of individuals, families, medicine and society
Authors: Kostic Smiljana
Published: September 2015

nema
Poverty, Environment and Development Nexus: A Review from Existing Literature
Authors: Bhattarai Lekha Nath
Published: September 2015

No abstract available.Himalayan Journal of Sociology & Anthropology Vol.1 2004, p.138-160
Post-modernism in Anthropology
Authors: Upadhaya Prakash
Published: September 2015

No abstract available. Himalayan Journal of Sociology & Anthropology Vol.1 2004, p.169-192
Status, Distribution and Potential Habitat of Himalayan Tahr (Hemitragus jemlahicus), and Conflict Areas with Livestock in Sagarmatha National Park, Nepal
Authors: Shrestha Bikram
Published: September 2015

Study on status, distribution and potential habitat of Himalayan tahr (Hemitragus jemlahicus), and conflict areas with livestock in Sagarmatha National Park, Nepal was carried out from 21th June to 14th July 2004 in Sagarmatha National Park, which is important for conservation of this animal, pastureland and snow leopard. The numbers of tahr sighted, their age/sex, and distance to escape terrain and habitat variables were collected from five scan points and four transects. Grazing pasturelands were identified by field visits and questionnaire survey. Maps of potential habitat suitability and areas of spatial overlap with livestock were prepared by using geographical information system (GIS). A total population of 205 tahrs within 11 groups was estimated in the park. Tahrs were recorded at various altitudes ranging from 3685 to 4380 m with a mean elevation of 4059.18 m. The male groups were found at higher elevation than female groups, and the latter had larger group sizes. The overall mean group size was 18.7 with 45 being the largest group. Normally more number of tahrs were found on smooth terrain of vegetated surface on southern aspects. All observations ranged from 50 to 200 m distances from a escape terrain. An analysis on potential habitat of the tahr revealed the occurrences of 56442.5 ha of land surface in the protected area of which summer habitat covers 29483.25 ha, winter habitat with 4064.0 ha and overlapping areas of summer and winter accounts amounts to 22895.25 ha. The present analysis showed 17.43% of the total potential areas of the Himalayan tahr is under conflict inside the park. Nepal Journal of Science and Technology Vol. 7, 2006
Antibacterial Activity of the Wild Mushrooms against Human Pathogens
Authors: Shrestha Vaidya K. , Thapa S. , Shrestha A. , Shrestha K.
Published: September 2015

Antimicrobial activity of two wild mushrooms groups namely Ganoderma spp. and Agaricus spp. against pathogenic bacteria of human was tested. The activity of the fungal mass was studied by direct cross inoculation techniques and that of chloroform extract of the fungi grown in liquid culture media was tested by agar well diffusion technique. The study revealed that fungal body of Ganodarma was ineffective against all the tested bacterial pathogens, while the extract of the same mushroom was effective against Salmonell typhi, S. paratyphy, S. dysentriae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Vibrio cholerae, Klebsella oxytoca, P. vulgaris, P. mirabilis and Staphylococcus aureus, and ineffective against Escherichia coli and Klebsella pneumoniae. in direct cross inoculation, Agaricus spp. totally inhibited Salmonella typhi, S. paratyphi. Escherichia coli, P. aeruginosa, V. cholera, K pneumoniae, P. vulgaris and P. mirabilis, and the rest were inhibited partially. The chloroform extract of Agaricus spp. was effective against all of the tested bacteria.  Nepal Journal of Science and Technology Vol. 7, 2006
Immunological Characterization of Acid Phosphatase in an Endophytic Fungus
Authors: Malla Rajani , Zeyaullah Md , Pokharel Utprekshya , Varma Ajit
Published: September 2015

Piriformospora indica produced only one form of intracellular acid phosphatase irrespective of the phosphate concentration and was purified. The enzyme was possibly a constitutive enzyme showing molecular mass of 66kDa as separated by SDS PAGE. Antibodies raised against cytosolic acid phosphatase of P. indica using gel band in native PAGE after selective precipitation of ammonium sulfate followed by gel filtration and ion exchange chromatography, gave productive antibody and immunoblotting analysis. Its reaction with native protein as well as denatured protein was significant. The antibody immunoprecipitated a single band of approximately 66kDa protein in SDS gel. The antibody localized the enzyme on the polyphosphate granules, cell-wall, vacuoles and cytoplasm of the mycelium indicating the possible sites of phosphate metabolism.  Nepal Journal of Science and Technology Vol. 7, 2006
An Assessment of soil Fertility Management Issues in Pokhare Khola Watershed, Dhading
Authors: Pandit K. , Balla M. K.
Published: September 2015

Changes in traditional ways of cropping and fertility maintenance have posed a serious threat of the sustainability of soil fertility in the mid hills of Nepal. This paper tries to bring to the front different issues directly or indirectly related to the sustainability of soil fertility based on a study carried out in Pokhare Khola Watershed, Dhading in 2003. Data were collected through questionnaire survey and focus group discussions and interpretation made using simple statistical tools and logical discussions. Cultivation of short growing season varieties of crops supplemented with high rates of chemical fertilizers has substantially increased the cropping intensity in irrigated low land. Farm yard manure (FYM) is used in higher proportion than chemical fertilizers both in Khet (irrigated lowland) and Bari (non-irrigated upland). Nonetheless, Khet land gets lower amount of FYM and higher amount of chemical fertilizers compared to Bari. Farmers are practicing the traditional methods of preparing FYM. Erosion in Bari and sedimentation in Khet lands are the major threats to soil fertility but no adequate prevention and restoration measures are carried out to cope with these threats. Farmers have not only conserved natural forests but also, planted fodder trees in their farmlands. Nearly half of demand for forest products is met from private farmland, which has considerably reduced the pressure on nearby forests. Farmers have markedly positive perceptions regarding the fertilizer application, cropping pattern and importance of forests in farming system. Nepal Journal of Science and Technology Vol. 7, 2006
Use of Wild Mushrooms among the Tamangs of Nepal
Authors: Pandey Nina , Devkota Shiva , Christensen Morten , Budathoki Usha
Published: September 2015

Wild mushrooms are one of the most important non-timber forest products (NTFP) in Nepal. The use of wild mushrooms as food began from prehistoric time. Tamangs are regarded as one of the Nepalese ethnic groups which are most dedicated mycophagous. This paper address the uses of wild mushrooms among the Tamangs of different parts of Nepal. At least 49 taxa of fungi are used as sources of nutrition and medicinal agents and are sold at the markets whereas the rest are used for local consumption. Accidents with lethal mushroom poisoning are rare but information on treatment of poisoning include vinegar and several local herbs. Nepal Journal of Science and Technology Vol. 7, 2007
Micropropagation of Butea buteiformis (Voigt) Grierson and Long
Authors: Singh Belai Meeta , Wawrosch Cristoph , Joshi Sanu Devi , Kopp Brigitte
Published: September 2015

Mature seeds of Butea buteiformis were cultured on half strength Murashige and Skoog (1962) medium. Nodal cuttings were used as explants from in vitro growing plants for experimentation. Plants were well grown on the medium supplemented with benzylaminopurine (BAP) 0.5 µM / l and indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) 1.0 µM/ l. Such propagated plants were acclimatized very well and transferred to the field. All the collected data were worked out statistically with SPSS, a system of analytical procedure. Nepal Journal of Science and Technology Vol. 7, 2006
Preparation of a disulfide-linked precipitative soluble support for solution-phase synthesis of trimeric oligodeoxyribonucleotide 3´-(2-chlorophenylphosphate) building blocks
Authors: Jabgunde Amit M , Molina Alejandro Gimenez , Virta Pasi , Lönnberg Harri
Published: September 2015

The preparation of a disulfide-tethered precipitative soluble support and its use for solution-phase synthesis of trimeric oligodeoxyribonucleotide 3´-(2-chlorophenylphosphate) building blocks is described. To obtain the building blocks, N-acyl protected 2´-deoxy-5´-O-(4,4´-dimethoxytrityl)ribonucleosides were phosphorylated with bis(benzotriazol-1-yl) 2-chlorophenyl phosphate. The “outdated” phosphotriester strategy, based on coupling of PV building blocks in conjunction with quantitative precipitation of the oligodeoxyribonucleotide with MeOH is applied. Subsequent release of the resulting phosphate and base-protected oligodeoxyribonucleotide trimer 3’-pTpdCBzpdGibu-5’ as its 3’-(2-chlorophenyl phosphate) was achieved by reductive cleavage of the disulfide bond.
MULTICRITERIA ANALYSIS OF TECHNOLOGICAL INNOVATION INVESTMENTS USING FUZZY SETS
Authors: SUDER Asli , KAHRAMAN Cengiz
Published: September 2015

Innovation is the way of transforming the resources of a company through the creativity of people into new resources and wealth. Innovation investments are essential instruments in a company’s competitive productivity and profitability strategy. Evaluation of innovation investments is a multicriteria decision making problem with many conflicting tangible and intangible criteria. Vague nature of this evaluation requires a fuzzy multicriteria methodology. In this paper we propose a fuzzy multicriteria method to evaluate technological innovation investments using eight different criteria. Fuzzy TOPSIS method is used in this evaluation and a sensitivity analysis is given.
Induction Motor Traction Drive with Slipping Protection
Authors: Pugachev Alexander
Published: September 2015

The advantages and shortcomings of three-level voltage source inverters to be applied on locomotive traction electric drives are highlighted in relation to two-level ones. To protect wheels from slipping on rails, the control system is designed. The control system with protection from slipping uses system of direct torque control as the subordinated contour to produce control signals on voltage source inverter. The topology and principles of operation of both protections from slipping and direct torque control of traction induction motor with three-level voltage source inverters are described. The simplified structure of mechanical part of traction drive using basic and axle suspension is considered. The adequacy of designed control system is confirmed by means of Matlab, the results of mathematical modeling show a high convergence with the results of physical model of traction drive.
An Analysis of the Main Factors on the Wear of Brushes for Brush-Type Motors and the Ways of Increasing their Lifetime
Authors: Kachin Oleg S. , Karakulov Alexander S. , Serov Alexander B.
Published: September 2015

The mathematical description of the wear processes of brushes of brush-type motors is described. The actions directed on increase of the lifetime of brushes are offered. The proposed mathematical model of the wear processes of brushes considers the highest number of parameters of a sliding contact, including sparking energy of windings switching and the mechanical condition of a commutator and bearings. The approach for evaluating the optimum pressure on the brush in order to increase its resource is offered. The real and the virtual lifetime tests of the universal motor considering changing of the mechanical state of the commutator and bearings during lifetime were carried-out. The constant force value acting on the brush which provides its lifetime increase by 11% is proposed.