bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Middle East Studies Association of North America
Authors: Abu-Rabi‘ Ibrahim M.
Published: December 2020

The twenty-fourth annual meeting of the Middle East Studies Associationof North America (MESA) was held between November 10-13, 1990 in SanAntonio, Texas. Hosted by the Center for Middle Eastern Studies of theUniversity of Texas at Austin and supported by different academicorganizations, MESA featued a number of distinguished speakers, internationaland domestic, who spoke on a wide variety of topics.One topic was the Gulf crisis and the AmWIsraeli conflict. The plenarysession of MESA , entitled "The Current Crisis in the Gulf: Thoughts andReflections," featured three main speakers: Richard Murphy of the Councilon Foreign Relations, Rashid Khalidi of the University of Chicago, and Kennethstein of hmy University. Though this sessim did not discuss ways of solvingthe Gulf crisis, it was the general feeling of the audience that a linkage doesexist between the Gulf situation and the Arab/Israeli conflict, and that acomprehensive solution in which the U.S. should play a major part is urgentlyneeded.The Conference tackled another current complication in the Middle Eastduring its seminar entitled The Impact of the Possible Mass Immigrationof Soviet Jews to Israel d the occupied Terrieories." Walid Khalidi of HarvardUniversity expressed the feeling of perhaps millions of Palestinians whenhe said that this mass immigration of Soviet Jews is the second most dangeroussituation affecting the Palestinians after their expulsion from their land in1948. Israel has by now received 200,000 Soviet immigrants since the summerof 1990, and their number is expected to reach two million by the year 1995.Muhammad Hallaj of the Palestine Research and Educatimal Center, locatedin Fairfax, Virginia, discussed the impact of the Soviet Jews' mass immigrationon Palestinian demography and economy in the occupied territories, and showedhow Israeli politicians, especially the right-wing ones, are more agreeablethan before to transferring a large number of Palestinians to Arab countries,especially to Jordan. As is well known, since 1967 a number of influentialIsraeli politicians have called on successive Israeli governments to expelPalestinians en masse as a means of keeping the demographic balance infavor of the Jewish population. It should be noted, however, that transfer,albeit on a minor scale, has in effect taken place, especially since the startof the Palestinian intifada in December of 1987. More than 200 Palestinianleaders, many of whom belong to the Islamic movement HAMAS, have beendeported to Lebanon. This shows the resolve of the Israeli government ingetting rid of the vital elements of Palestinian society ...
Guiding Light Selections From the Holy Qur’an
Authors: AbuSulayman 'AbdulHamid A.
Published: December 2020

TranslationIn the name of Allah, Most Gracious,Most Mercifil.1. Nay, but [Allah is aware of] thosewho keep their bond with Him, andare conscious of Him: and, verily,Allah loves those who are consciousof Him.Al ‘Imran (3:76)2. And spend [freely] in Allah’s cause,and let not your own hands throwyou into destruction; and persevere indoing good: behold, Allah loves thedoers of good.Al Baqarah (2:995)3. And how many a prophet has had tofight [in Allah’s cause], followed bymany Allah-devoted men: and theydid not become faint of heart for allthat they had to suffer in Allah’scause, and neither did they weaken,nor did they abase themselves [beforethe enemy], since Allah loves thosewho are patient in adversity.Al ‘Imran (3:146)4. And it was by Allah’s grace that thou[O Prophet] didst deal gently withthy followers: for if thou hadst beenharsh and hard of heart, they wouldindeed have broken away from thee.Pardon them, then, and pray thatthey be forgiven ...
Paradigms and Postmodern Politics from an Islamic Perspective
Authors: Winkel Eric A.
Published: December 2020

The paradigm shifts from the 1950s to the 1980s in political science arebest explained with reference to the encounter with the Other, an encounterwhich has three stages: first, the self-confident representation of the Otherwhich is characteristic of modernity; second, the fear of and desire to controlthe Other which is characteristic of the end of modernity; and third, thehyperrealization and trivialization of the Other which is characteristic ofpostmodernity. This encounter with the Other takes place within a largerdiscourse context or episteme. The epistemic shifts, then, must also beconsidered.Paradigm ShiftFoucault’s concept of archaeology includes the idea that scientific systemsare valid within their own contexts. Thus each piece of historical data mustbe judged and assessed in its own stratum or context. In a less sophisticatedfashion, Kuhn has taken this idea of historical context and cultural relativismand come up with a theory of scientific revolution. Kuhn correctly identifiesthe science textbook genre as the received history of normal science, a genrewhich incorporates the myth of the steady cumulative process of science.The textbook mythology traces the history of great white men and greatexperiments as they contributed their energies to the irresistible march ofscientific progress. Kuhn demonstrates that Aristotelian dynamics or caloricthermodynamics are in fact internally systematic and scientific and are thereforejust as valid as contemporary dynamics or thermodynamics. In reference totheir “fit” with nature, an earth-centered astronomy is just as valid as a suncenteredastronomy. What happens is that when the questions change, andquestions are asked which strain an earth-centered astronomy, a paradigm ...
Social Choice in an Islamic Economic Framework
Authors: Choudhury Masudul A.
Published: December 2020

In this paper, the decision-making character of shura, the consultativedemocratic concept in an Islamic social order, will be shown to clearly definethe determination of both state variables (socioeconomic variables) and policyvariables and the simulative interactions between them. These variables willthen be shown to configure the consumption, production, and distributionmenus in an Islamic political economy. They will thus be shown as clearlydefined variables that help to formulate the social choice, the social welfarefunction, and the institutional decision-making problems in an Islamic politicoeconomicorder.Shuratic Decision Making in the Perspective ofOrganizational TheoryThe Islamic shuratic (i.e., based on shura) decision-making process isthe centerpiece of organhtional behavior in Islamic institutions. The followingis a technical explanation of this process in light of modem organizationaltheory:’(a) Shura is structured into representative decision makers fromvarious walks of life (“sharees”).(b) “The abstract nature of each individual task” is carried outby ijtihad and the interpretations and implementation of theShari’ah (Islamic law) to various socioeconomic problems ...
Islam and Ethnicity in Africa and the Middle East
Authors: Khan Aftab A.
Published: December 2020

This three-day seminar, sponsored by the State University of New Yorkat Binghampton's Schweitzer Chair in Humanities, the South Asian and AfricanStudies Program, the Department of African Studies, and the African AmericanInstitute, discussed the African experience, the Middle East experience, andcrosscultural comparison.The opening presentation was made by Ali Mazrui, who holds theSchweitzer Chair in Humanities at Binghampton. He discussed the interactionof Islam and ethnic cultures in Africa and pointed out that Islam and ethnicityare essentially contradictory concepts, one being a universalist and the othera particularist view of society. "But," according to him, "Islam has becomeethnicized and ethnicity tends to become Islarnized." The resulting tensionscan be overcome only by a strong sense of human solidarity, such as theone which the Prophet talked about when he said that nobody excels in faithunless he loves for his brother what he loves for himself ...
Second International Conference on Ethico-Economics
Authors: Choudhury Masudul A.
Published: December 2020

The Second International Conference on Ethico-Economics was organizedby the Centre of Humanomics at the UniverSity College of Cape Breton,Sydney, NS, Canada, on October 11-12, 1991. It turned out to be a great success,as the fourteen university professors and research scholars from America,Canada, and overseas were active participants in the sessions. There werefive sessions and three invited luncheon and dinner sessions. The conferenceproved to be of a rigorously analytical nature, as its purpose was to inquireinto the ethical foundations of the theory and policy of economic reasoningand socioeconomic development.The objective of the conference was to intensify the Scientific ResearchProgram (SRP) launched by a group of university professors and researchscholars, an undertaking which seeks to discover the analytical and appliedroots and possibilities of treating ethics endogenously in socioeconomicsystems. The latitude is extended to comprehend the socioscientific systemas well. The First International Conference on Ethico-Econornics, held atSydney, NS, Canada, in 1989, inquired into the subject of “The EpistemologicalFoundations of Social Theory.”Among the papers presented and extensively discussed in critical length -an expressed style of this SRP group to evolve a scientific theory and applicationof ethics as endogenous elements of the socioeconomic and socioscientificorders-were two papers on Islamic economics. Mohammad Ansari, ofAthabasca University, Athabasca, AL, Canada, dealt with the question ofthe Islamic concept of rationality being different from the neoclassical conceptof rationality. Salah el-Sheikh of St. Francis Xavier University, Antigonish,NS, Canada, discussed the process of knowledge formation in the Islamicapproach to the study of economics ...
EDITORIAL
Authors: Syeed Sayyid M.
Published: December 2020

It is with a great sense of pride that we announce the quarterly publicationof the American Journal of Islamic Social Sciences with this issue. We startedin 1984 with two issues a year, and in 1990 added a third. We are now gladto provide issues of AJISS corresponding to the four seasons of the year.We have been encouraged to increase our journal‘s frequency due to theoverwhelming response and appreciation of its uniqueness on the part ofindividual scholars, institutions, contributors, and subscribers. May Allahbless our well-wishers and help us to further enhance the scholarly role ofAJISS.In this issue, Amriah Buang introduces a hitherto neglected subject tothe Islamization of knowledge: human geography. Asserting that this fieldhas reached an epistemological impasse, she describes the nature of thecontending philosophies currently characterizing human geography and therebyhighlights those difficult-to-reconcile epistemological points of contention.Buang briefly recounts the nature of structuration theory, which is proposedby some geographers as a solution to the present impasse, and then subjectsit to a preliminary Islamic evaluation.In an earlier issue (AJISS 8:2, September 1991), Fazal Khan proposeda theoretical perspective on the process of the Islamization of the entertainmentvideo medium with special reference to Pakistan. In this issue, he exploressome empirical basics of the Islamization of the enculturation model basedon his study of youth viewers of Pakistani television.Theodore Wright, Jr., critiques the concepts and value assumptions ofexisting literature in the field of comparative politics in order to bring outthe built-in Eurocentric bias which it has acquired through its Judeo-Christianand secular-humanist orientation. He suggests a research agenda for Muslimand sympathetic non-Muslim specialists with the intent of recasting theperception of reality in terms which are objective and thus less biased thanthose currently found in the contemporary modern discourse of comparativeand developmental politics. Wright’s concerns are well appreciated and hisagenda should be taken seriously by Muslim researchers, but dependenceon empirical data alone is not going to solve the problem. Muslim socialscientists must participate in advancing Islamic positions on current issuesbased on the Qur’an, the hadith literature, and the insights gained from theirexpertise. For example, while an unbiased study of the preponderance of ...
Net Working Capital versus Net Owner's Equity Approaches to Computing Zakatable Amount
Authors: El-Badawi Mohamed H. , Al-Sultan Sultan M.
Published: December 2020

IntroductionZakah is a form of tax and alms mandated by Islam? The concepts underlyingzakah are that the rich are responsible for the poor and the poor havethe right to receive zakah. This does not imply that Islam is anticapitalist;in fact, Islam motivates the rich to invest funds so they will not be diminshedby paying zakah. Islam opposes idle savings, as it encourages the investmentof funds for increased production, employment, and assistance to the poor.~Zakah is ordained by the Qur'an, but its technical details are interpreted bythe rules and jurisprudence of Islam.All economic entities maintain financial records of some kind and preparefinancial statements according to generally accepted accounting standards.These records and statements are designed for different purposes and arenot necessary for determining the amount of wealth subject to zakah. Manyresearchers have investigated the methods employed to determine the zakatableamount levied on trade assets ('Urud al tijarah). These methods may be summarizedinto two approaches: a) the net working capital approach and b)the owner's equity approach.This paper investigates the feasibility of using the net working capitalapproach (i.e., accounting principles) and the owner's net equity approach(i.e., the Saudi system) to determine the zakatable amount of trade assets.It will also show the relationship between the two approaches.This paper is divided into five sections: a) introducing the principlesand conditions of zakah accounting for businesses; b) discussing the net workingcapital approach and how to determine the growing capital as the basisfor ascertaining the &table amount by analyzing the elements of workingcapital and the financial transactions during the year; c) analyzing the owner'sequity approach used in Saudi Arabia to determine the &table amount;d) applying both approaches to a numerical example; and e) contrasting thegrowing capital with the zakatable amount.Principles and Conditions of Trade Zakah('Urud al Tijarah)There are two types of assets. The first type, which is not subject tozakah, includes those capital assets owned for the purpose of using themin one's business. Examples of such assets are the tools and machines usedfor production or marketing. The second type, which is subject to zakah,includes those assets manufactured or purchased for malung a profit by resellingthem ...
The Cultural-Symbolic Soul
Authors: Dhaouadi Mahmoud
Published: December 2020

This study deals with the nature of human cultural symbols such as language,thought, religious beliefs, knowledge, cultural norms and values, and science.The essay consists of two major parts: a) the development of a basic theoreticalframework for studying the nature of what we call the cultural-symbolic soul,and b) the application of this new concept to understanding, as well as theformulation of a potential explanation for, the dynamics of cultural-symbolicexchange and confrontation between human collectivities regardless of time andspace constraints. This paper therefore seeks to offer a balanced contributionto the evergrowing body of knowledge in the modern social and behavioralsciences. It also represents an attempt to work out a synthesis between theoryand application which, if successfully executed, would enhance the scientificcredibility of the behavioral and social sciences.Human Cultural Symbols and the Islamic OutlookThe following analysis of human cultural symbols is inspired greatly byIslamic epistemology. In order to articulate a solid and well-groundedunderstanding of the place such symbols occupy within an Islamic perspective,a social scientist can find a source no more authentic than the Qur 'an, the primaryreference book of Islamic civilization that precedes both the hadith and the fiqhliterature in importance.The Qur'an contains many verses which inform the reader in detail aboutthe important roles of certain human cultural symbols. For example, scienceand knowledge, religious beliefs, and individual thought are highly praisedthroughout the Qur'an. As regards the major positive value and worth of scienceand knowledge as cultural symbols, it is selfevident that the first verse revealed
The Development of Ijma'
Authors: Faruqi Muhammad Y.
Published: December 2020

In the beginning, ijma' (consensus) was more a pragmatic necessity thanan explicit Shari'ah principle. It was first applied to public policy considerationsand was used to settle some crucial questions that had arisen (we will discussthe issue of khilafah separately, where we can see how the Companions attemptedto settle this issue). The event of the Thaqifah of Banu Sa'idah was a great testfor the ummah's social order and alerted the leaders to potential future crises.The Companions therefore gave immediate attention to the succession issue,and sincere people realized that the ummah needed a sociopolitical doctrine thatwould support its desired sociopolitical development and keep it united. Amongthe khulafa 'al rashidun, particularly Abu Bakr and ' Umar, great emphasis wasplaced on the principle of shura, which was, in fact, a means to realize ijma '.The development of ijma ' was an opportune and proper approach to preservethe ummah's unity and integrity. As the Companions were greatly concernedabout the establishment of the khilafah by means of ijma', 'Umar rejected allattempts to use other methods.'Although the fuqaha' (jurists) refer to the Qur'anic ayat and the ahadith asa normative basis for ijma', precedents are found in the practice the khulafa 'al rashidun and the Companions, who made agreed-upon decisions in manysocial and religious matters. The jurists are unanimous in agreeing that theCompanions' ijma' is a complete and definite source of law, and some recognizeit to the exclusion of all other source. The classical jurist al Khatib al Baghdadi ...
Muslim Matters
Authors: Parker-Jenkins Marie
Published: December 2020

The recent publication of The Satanic Verses has helped to unmask Muslimdiscontent in British society. Athough the initial outrage ditected at theauthor seems to have subsided, advocacy by Muslims living in Britain whoare concerned about their children's educational needs will not disappear. Thispaper addresses the difficulty of making adequate provisions for Muslim childrenin the maintained (i.e., public) school sector as well as the call for separate and publicly funded schooling. Attempts to modify certain aspects ofschooling (i.e., physical education) are discussed, as is the movement towardsscrutinizing the entire curriculum to eflsure that it reflects cultural diversity.The extent to which the common school curriculum can accommodate all pupilsis also explored in light of statutory requirements imposed by the NationalCurriculum. Finally, administrative adjustments and the resulting implicationsfor schools trying to meet Muslim needs are discussed, as are the legalalternatives to state education available to Muslim parents.Muslims are the third largest religious minority in Britain today; RomanCatholics and Anglicans are larger in number (Ashraf 1986). While multiracial,multicultural, and multilingual in nature, they m united by a religiousdimension within their lives (Nasr 1975). The powerful Islamic revival amongMuslim populations, which the West views as "Islamic fundamentalism," hasdeeply affected the thinking of Muslim minority groups in the "unsympathetic"West (Anwar 1982; Hulmes 1989; Qureshi and Khan 1989). Indeed,Islam can be seen as a religion, a social and moral code, and "as a bulwarkagainst modem atheistic Concepts" (Union of Muslim Organisations 1976).While some view Muslim communities as cores of resistance in liberal democracies,Muslims see themselves as fighting a tide of secularization. Beneaththis rather superficial description, however, lie major issues conceming socialcohesion, cultural diversity, and the extent of minority rights in a democracy ...
The Fifth International Symposium of the History of Arab Science
Authors: Saliba George
Published: December 2020

In the context of the five-hundred-year anniversary celebrations of the"discovery of the New World" now going on in the United States andSpain, the Syrian Institute for the History of Science (Aleppo University,Aleppo, Syria), organized the Fifth International Symposium of the Historyof Arab Science in conjunction with the lnstituto de Cooperaci6n conel Mundo Arabe (Institute of Cooperation with the Arab World, the ForeignMinistry of Spain). The theme of the conference, which dealt withthe contribution of al Andalus (i.e., Muslim Spain) to the history ofscience and teclmology, was the obvious reason for this international cooperationbetween the agencies of Syria and Spain.The contribution of al Andalus in the realms of science and technologyto both Muslim and European countries is undeniably importantin its own right and should be investigated by similar symposia, not onlyin Spain or Muslim countries. It was, however, ironic that the fivehundred-year anniversary celebrations of the "discovery of the NewWorld" coincided with the expulsion of Muslims from Spain after the reconquista,not to mention the fact that the "New World" had already beendiscovered thousands of years before Columbus by the native Americans ...
Consideration of ‘Urf in the Judgments of the Khulafa' al Rashidun and the Early Fuqaha
Authors: Faruqi Muhammad Y.
Published: December 2020

Consideration of ‘Urf by the Khulafla’ al Rashidun‘Urf (custom) and ‘adah (tradition) are very ancient and importantsomes of Islamic law. As the pre-Islamic Arabs had no written documentsor script, their social systems were regulated by custom and tradition.According to the available historical accounts, the khulafa' alrashidun retained many pre-Islamic social customs and traditions and alsoadopted and established some useful nonindigenous customs. Such borrowingwas quite acceptable in their eyes, for the Prophet himself hadacknowledged the validity of some pre-Islamic customs that were compatiblewith the letter and spirit of the revelation.At the time of the Prophet, the Arabian peninsula was the home ofmany different customs and traditions. The Arabs were mainly idol worshippets,and this outlook was reflected in their customs. However, theyhad also retained a pottion of the legacy of Ibrahim: ceremonies relatedto the Ka‘bah and circumcision. These ceremonies provided the basis forthe establishment of social traditions.Many pre-Islamic customs were still practiced during the period ofthe khulafa’ al rashidun. For instance, grain (i.e., wheat, barley) continuedto be regarded as kayli (measured by capacity) and gold and silverwere considered wazni (me asured by weight). The same custom andusage were followed in commercial transactions made by the Prophet andhis four immediate successors. The fuqaha’ later based many of the rulesconcerning zakah (poor due), sadaqah (charity), and kaffarah (expiation) ...
The Contemporary Islamic Revival
Authors: Atiyyah Hani M.
Published: December 2020

This book is the twentieth volume to appear in the Bibliographies andIndexes in Religious Studies series published by Greenwood Press. It isdivided into two parts: a) the introductory chapters, and b) the main bodyof the bibliography and the indexes. The three introductory chapters givean overview of contemporary Islamic revivalist movements from somewhatdifferent perspectives and address many critical issues that are difficultto deal with adequately in just three chaptets.Chapter one discusses such issues as the factors behind the growth ofrevivalist movements, fundamental issues that provide the primary focusfor revivalist writings, the bias of scholars in the West who write andconduct research on Islamic and Middle Eastem studies, and the establishmentof Shari'ah schools in Muslim countries. However, this chaptercontains many less-than-authentic statements or, in other words, somemethodological misinformation. For example, the author refers to a1'Arabi and a1 Muslim a1 Mu 'air as "two Kuwaiti magazines" that triedto promote an intellectual controverjy on "whether the companions of theProphet Muhammad were leftist or rightist and whether the sources of theformative period of Islam can be subjected to modem re-interpretation tojustify claims of Islamic precedent to proponents of 'Islamic left' and'Islamic right"' (p. 5). The author does not document the reasons for thisconclusion, in spite of the fact that the two magazines are different bothin their natures and their contents. AZ 'Arabi is a monthly magazine thatdiscusses current issues for a wide public in the Arab world, whereas a1Muslim a1 Mu'iisir is a quarterly publication that contains various typesof articles related to the Islamization of knowledge.The author of this chapter has attempted to cover a variety of historical,political, and socioeconomic issues. Unfortunately, the attempt ismarred by its inconsistency. For instance, English literature on contemporaryIslamic revivalism, the use of modem media for the disseminationof Islamic literature, and the status and role of Muslim womenwere discussed twice in different parts of the chapter. Many critical termsappear without satisfactory justification: "terrorists," "zealots," "militants," ...
Technology transfer tools and mechanisms
Authors: Hornostai N. I. , Mykhalchenkova O. Y. , Lyubarsky O. І.
Published: December 2020

In the context of the need for sustainable development of the national economy and joining the group of leading countries — technology suppliers, the organization of a technology transfer system, which ensures the transition of the results of innovative activities from the stage of scientific research to the stage of practical application, becomes one of the most important tools for the scientific and technological development of the country. Technology transfer is a rather complex system with a sufficient variety of participants and resources, which are the “tool of the initiative and communication plan” that promote and are necessary for continuous innovation in the modern economy. The tools and mechanisms of technology transfer are discussed in the article, a model for the implementation of international technology transfer in UkrISTEI through the Automated system for the formation of interstate information resources, the International technological platform for the technology transfer of collective use, the Interregional Office for the Transfer of Knowledge and Technologies, the Open Innovation Platform was presented; these objects are participating parts in export and import of innovative technologies and form a modern mechanism for the transfer of these technologies between countries. The process of technological transfer necessary to assess the benefits obtained as a result of technology transfer and ways to achieve these benefits has been investigated. The authors of the article presented the relevance of scientific research in the field of technological transfer, which is explained by the following reasons: effective organization of the technology transfer process contributes to an increase in the implementation of state innovation programs in relation to the modernization and innovation of the real economy; technology transfer facilitates the continuous movement of research and development results (projects) into the industrial sector of the economy; the efficiency of technological transfer makes it possible to accelerate the formation of scientific, technological and industrial ties, as well as to strengthen the position of national production in the world market of science-intensive developments.
Free-to-bound emission from interstitial carbon and oxygen defects (CiOi) in electron-irradiated Si
Authors: Tajima Michio , Asahara Shota , Satake Yuta , Ogura Atsushi
Published: December 2020

We determined the entire spectral shape of a broad band around 0.8 eV, previously termed the C08-band, which was observed commonly in Si by room-temperature photoluminescence after electron irradiation. The band has a peak at 0.77 ± 0.01 eV with long tails on both sides. We identified that the C08-band has the same origin as the C-line and occurs as a result of the recombination between a free electron and a hole bound by the deep trap due to the interstitial C and O defects (CiOi). The long tails were explained by the superposition of phonon sidebands.
Fishery and academic science —a new stage of collaboration
Authors:   Russian Federal Research Institute of Fisheries and Oceanography, Kolonchin K.V. , Glubokovsky M.K. ,   Russian Federal Research Institute of Fisheries and Oceanography, Glubokov A.I. ,   Russian Federal Research Institute of Fisheries and Oceanography
Published: December 2020

The history of the Russian fisheries research is briefly reviewed, starting from the moment when the Academy of Sciences was founded by Peter I in Saint Petersburg on January 28, 1724, to the present day. The year of founding of applied fisheries science was named 1881, when the Solovetsky biological station was created. The leading research institute of the industry —VNIRO —was established in 1933 in Moscow. VNIRO join the efforts of all applied institutes of the USSR, which have been created by that time in the main fishery basins. The interaction of fisheries and academic science is traced. The greatest flourishing of cooperation during the Soviet period was in the 1950s —1960s. A new stage of cooperation between scientists began from the moment of signing on September 6, 2018 by the Deputy Minister of Agriculture of the Russian Federation —Head of the Federal Agency for fisheries —I.V. Shestakov and the President of the Russian Academy of Sciences A.M. Sergeev the Agreement on cooperation, allowing to achieve a significant synergistic effect through coordinated annual research program of scientists from fishery research and academic science.
Features of Hematological Parameters of the Baikal Omul in Natural and Laboratory Conditions
Authors:   Baikal Branch of FSBSI «VNIRO» («BaikalNIRO», Fomina A.S. , Suhkanova L.V. ,   Limnological Institute SB RAS
Published: December 2020

As a result of investigation, of the leucocytic formula and ratio of immune defense organs cells (head kidney and spleen) for fishes Baikalian omul in aquarium and natural conditions of spawning migration were determined. The blood of young omul is comprised by the relatively high number of low-differentiated neutrophil granulocytes and monocytes. The total number of lymphocytes varied in the range 44–99 %, and the mean value was 69 %. Based on the methods of the morphologic and tinctorial distinguishing the eosinophil, neutrophil and basophil cells there were detected in the peripheral blood smears, head kidney and spleen prints. The average ratio of lymphocytes in the head kidney of mature individuals is 74.41 %, and the ratio of macrophages is higher than in juveniles and its average value is 2.25 %.
We Learn Better Road Pothole Detection: from Attention Aggregation to Adversarial Domain Adaptation
Authors: Fan Rui , Wang Hengli , Bocus Junaid , Liu Ming
Published: December 2020

Manual visual inspection, typically performed by certified inspectors, is still the main form of road pothole detection. This process is, however, not only tedious, time-consuming and costly, but also dangerous for the inspectors. Furthermore, the road pothole detection results are always subjective, because they depend entirely on the inspector's experience. In this paper, we first introduce a disparity (or inverse depth) image processing module, named quasi inverse perspective transformation (QIPT), which can make the damaged road areas become highly distinguishable. Then, we propose a novel attention aggregation (AA) framework, which can improve the semantic segmentation networks for better road pothole detection, by taking the advantages of different types of attention modules. Moreover, we develop a novel training set augmentation technique based on adversarial domain adaptation, where synthetic road RGB images and transformed road disparity (or inverse depth) images are generated to enhance the training of semantic segmentation networks.

The experimental results illustrate that, firstly, the disparity (or inverse depth) images transformed by our QIPT module become more informative; secondly, the adversarial domain adaptation can not only significantly improve the performance of the state-of-the-art semantic segmentation networks, but also accelerate their convergence. In addition, AA-UNet and AA-RTFNet, our best performing implementations, respectively outperform all other state-of-the-art single-modal and data-fusion networks for road pothole detection.
On Edge Reweighting for Link Prediction with Graph Auto-Encoders
Authors: Huang William R.
Published: December 2020

During the last five years, graph auto-encoders became popular unsupervised methods, based on graph neural networks, to learn a node embedding from a graph. Researchers train graph auto-encoders by optimizing reconstruction losses that are computed from the connected node pairs (the edges) and non-connected node pairs of the graph. Many graphs being sparse, researchers often positively reweight the edges in these reconstruction losses. In this paper, we report an analysis of the effect of edge reweighting on the node embedding. We show that, on a link prediction problem, results are quite insensitive to edge reweighting, with the exception of very unbalanced reconstruction losses. We also discuss whether training models from perfectly balanced reconstruction losses is optimal or suboptimal, in terms of average scores and of standard deviations.
Full Text Volume 6 Nomor 1 Mei 2019
Authors: Medica Admin
Published: December 2020

Full Text Volume 6 Nomor 1 Mei 2019
Full Text Volume 7 Nomor 1A Agustus 2020, Edisi Khusus Covid-19
Authors: Medica Admin
Published: December 2020

Full Text Volume 7 Nomor 1A Agustus 2020, Edisi Khusus Covid-19
A POLIFONIA BAKHTINIANA E O CONFRONTO DE VOZES EM ZAMA E O RASTRO DO JAGUAR
Authors: Oliveira Rafael Victor Rosa , Matias Felipe dos Santos
Published: December 2020

O presente artigo tem por objetivo estabelecer um estudo comparativo entre os romances Zama (1956), do escritor argentino Antonio Di Benedetto (1922-1986), e O Rastro do Jaguar (2009), do escritor brasileiro Murilo Carvalho (1948), a partir do pensamento teórico-crítico de Mikhail Bakhtin (1895-1975), analisando a polifonia e a representatividade possibilitada pelas distintas vozes presentes em ambos os textos literários. Procura-se também, a partir de uma ótica dialógica, falar sobre a importância do resgate feito pelas obras selecionadas como corpus em relação aos povos originários, sufocados ao longo do tempo pela literatura canônica ocidental e pela historiografia oficial. Isso oferece uma visão alternativa sobre a participação dos indígenas na construção de identidades nacionais culturalmente distintas. Por fim, abordam-se alguns questionamentos sobre a fragmentação da identidade coletiva no âmbito do continente americano, fruto do embate discursivo, político e ideológico de enunciação entre dois mundos distintos: o universo do colonizador e do colonizado.

Palavras-chave: Polifonia; Zama; O Rastro do Jaguar.
SUBSTANTIATION OF USE OF BUTANE FOR GASIFICATION OF OBJECTS
Authors: Osipova N. N. , Kultiaev S. G.
Published: December 2020

Statement of the problem. The variable composition of liquefied petroleum gas has a significant impact on the operation of autonomous gas supply systems. The presence of the butane fraction under conditions of sub-zero temperatures leads to the cessation of the generation of the vapor phase in the tank, moisture condensation and the formation of ice and hydrate plugs.Results. The features of the use of technical butane in gas supply systems are considered. The composition of the gas-air mixture is recommended, taking into account the restrictions on deviations in the Wobbe number, ensuring the completeness of combustion of the mixture in gas-using installations of the consumer. The level of filling underground tanks with technical butane is justified, taking into account the coefficient of volume expansion of gas in the presence of extreme operating temperatures.Conclusions. The composition of butane-based gas-air mixtures for gas supply to consumers was determined that meets the condition for the interchangeability of combustible gases and provides lower dew point temperatures; the level of filling of ground and underground tanks with technical butane is justified.
RELAÇÃO DA ATIVIDADE FÍSICA E SOFRIMENTO PSÍQUICO EM AGENTES PENITENCIÁRIOS NO MUNICÍPIO DE PORTO VELHO-RONDÔNIA
Authors: Martins Madson Belém , Silio Luís Felipe , Antunez Bruno Fernandes , Silva Onezímo Gregório da , Rodrigues Mila Alves de Matos , Oliveira José Ricardo Lourenço de , Oliveira Heleise Faria dos Reis de , Pereira Adriano de Almeida , Lima Bráulio Nascimento , Fileni Carlos Henrique Prevital , Martins Gustavo Celestino , Camargo Leandro Borelli de , Carvalho Alexandre Freitas de , Passos Ricardo Pablo , Vilela Junior Guanis de Barros , Gonçalves Luis Gonzaga de Oliveira
Published: December 2020

Os agentes penitenciários são profissionais que vivem em constante risco e para isso, recebem um adicional em seu salário, designado de periculosidade. Portanto, objetivou-se correlacionar a atividade física com o sofrimento psíquico. Desta forma, elencou-se a questão problema: Qual a correlação entre atividade física e sofrimento psíquico? A metodologia utilizada para esta pesquisa foi descritiva com análise quantiqualitativa. A amostra formou-se com 64 agentes penitenciários. Os instrumentos de medidas foram: o Questionário Internacional de Atividade Física, versão curta (IPAQ), utilizado para avaliar o nível de atividade física e para avaliar o sofrimento psíquico, foi utilizado o Self Report Questionnaire (SQR-20). O resultado dos questionários apontou que 25% dos agentes são sedentários, 25% estão no nível de irregularmente ativos, 30% ativos e 20% muito ativos. A prevalência em relação ao sofrimento psíquico foi de 25%. Na análise de correlação entre atividade física e sofrimento psíquico, o resultado produzido foi de P≤ 0,001 e rho= - 0,41, podendo afirmar que existe uma correlação significativa, entre essas duas variáveis.
THE ROLE OF THE MATERIAL AND TECHNICAL BASIS OF AGRICULTURE IN THE PROVISION OF FOOD SECURITY OF THE COUNTRY
Authors:   Doktor of Economic Sciens, Docent, Kuban State Agrarian University named after I. T. Trubilin, Krasnodar, Russia, KARPENKO G. G. , SHEVTSOV V.V. ,   Doktor of Economics, Professor, Kuban State Agrarian University named after I. T. Trubilin, Krasnodar, Russia, YARLYKAPOV A. B. ,   Doktor of Economic Sciences, Professor of the Department of Economics and Public Finance of the Russian Academy of National Economy and State Service under the President of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
Published: December 2020

The article summarizes the theoretical, methodological and practical provisions on the formation and use of material and technical resources in agriculture of Russia; a study of the state and development trends of the park of agricultural machinery. The role and importance of modernization of the agricultural sector in the context of ensuring food security, import substitution and growth of labor productivity are determined. Identified the problems of equipping the material and technical resources of the agricultural sector and factors affecting its formation and use. The directions of the effective functioning of agricultural machinery are generalized and recommendations are developed for solving the identified problems, which contribute to substantially replenishing the material and technical base to ensure increased labor productivity in the agricultural business and food security of the country.
CONVERGENCE OF ACCOUNTING BALANCE OF FINLAND AND RUSSIA (ON THE EXAMPLE OF COMPARISON OF ASSET ARTICLES)
Authors:   Doctor of Economics, Professor, St. Petersburg State Agrarian University, St. Petersburg, Russia, BYCHKOVA S. M. , POTAPOVA N. V. ,   Senior Lecturer, Department of Management and Marketing, St. Petersburg State Technological Institute (Technical University), St. Petersburg, Russia
Published: December 2020

The article discusses the content of asset items in the balance sheets of Russia and Finland for further comparison and convergence of financial (accounting) statements of enterprises in these countries in order to simplify it and increase the information content for users. The study analyzes the legal forms of the balance sheet in terms of assets.
THE COMPOSITION AND STRUCTURE OF THE PUBLIC SECTOR OF THE RUSSIAN ECONOMY
Authors:   Student of the Faculty of Public Administration and Financial Control, Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia, GERASIMOV N. P.
Published: December 2020

The article discusses the features of the formation and development of the public sector of the Russian economy, analyzes the state presence in the most important sectors of the economy, characterizes the role of state corporations in the sustainable development of the country.
DIGITAL TECHNOLOGIES: TRENDS AND FORECASTS OF THE MARKET OF MODERN COMMUNICATION TOOLS
Authors:   PhD in economic, Associate Professor of the Department of Logistics and Marketing, Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia, GORELOVA T.P. , VISHNYAKOV A.V. ,   Member of the Temporary Creative Group of the Department of Logistics and Marketing, Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia, KULIKOVA D. S. ,   Member of the Temporary Creative Group of the Department of Logistics and Marketing, Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia, TYURINA E. A. ,   Member of the Temporary Creative Group of the Department of Logistics and Marketing, Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
Published: December 2020

Currently, the headphone market is in demand and popular among fans and users of electronic equipment. According to data for 2018, the headphone market is estimated at $ 10,52 billion. In addition, according to experts, this amount will only grow in the future. Headphones are projected to become the largest category of electronic products by 2025, due to the growth in sales in “low-cost” countries. At the same time, the main demand will be for headphones in the price range of up to $ 50.
IMPLEMENTATION OF THE ECONOMIC CONCEPT OF A CLOSED CYCLE
Authors:   Doctor of Economic Sciences, Professor of the Department of Security of High-Tech Systems, St. Petersburg State University of Aerospace Instrumentation, St. Petersburg, Russia, SAMOYLOV A. V. , DROZDOVA A. P. ,   Candidate of Economic Sciences, Associate Professor of the Department of Security of High-Tech Systems, Saint Petersburg State University of Aerospace Instrumentation, Saint-Petersburg, Russia, MOLCHANOVA S. M. ,   Candidate of Economic Sciences, Associate Professor of the Department of Economics of High-Tech Production, St. Petersburg State University of Aerospace Instrumentation, St. Petersburg, Russia
Published: December 2020

The article discusses the basic principles of the implementation of the transition from a linear economy to a circular economy model. The article summarizes the existing problems that require solutions to create new jobs, increase economic growth, and create a balance between the economy, environment and population. The authors present examples of building a circular economy model in foreign countries. The importance of the tasks of implementing and promoting the circular economy was revealed, thanks to the involvement of all participants in the society in this process and the motivation for companies and investors. Effective tools for moving society towards a resource-efficient closed-cycle economy, increasing energy efficiency, energy conservation and reducing the energy intensity of the gross domestic product, due to the entry into a competitive level of renewable energy sources are investigated. The introduction of digital technologies and artificial intelligence in automated accounting of resource consumption, as well as the improvement of accounting rules will create opportunities for the end user to manage resource consumption taking into account the principles of a circular economy. The authors' study emphasizes that circular economy products and services should minimize resource use and promote reuse, recovery and recycling of materials in the future, leveraging existing product policy instruments, further support for the repair sector, improved design for reuse, and high-quality packaging recycling. The authors in the article propose to legislate the subsidizing of enterprises participating in the circular chain and subsidizing innovative developments in the field of the circular economy in the Russian Federation.
DEVELOPMENT OF A COMPREHENSIVE METHOD FOR EVALUATING THE ACTIVITIES OF A COMMERCIAL BANK
Authors:   Candidate of Economic Sciences, Associate Professor of the Department of Finance, Credit and Insurance, Stavropol State Agrarian University Stavropol, Russia, GLOTOVA I. I. , TOMILINA E. P. ,   Candidate of Economic Sciences, Associate Professor of the Department of Finance, Credit and Insurance, Stavropol State Agrarian University Stavropol, Russia, BUKHANTSOV S. A. ,   3rd year Master's student, Profile "Corporate Finance and Financial and Credit Institutions", Stavropol State Agrarian University, Stavropol, Russia
Published: December 2020

A large number of economists are engaged in the problem of assessing the activities of commercial banks, but not all methods objectively reflect the picture of the bank's performance in the absence of a number of important quantitative and qualitative characteristics in them. The integrated methodology for assessing the activities of a commercial bank obtained during the research is able to eliminate the imbalance between the interests of potential users of the assessment results and contributes to the development of practical recommendations of a point nature without a time lag and a gap between the real course of events and the appraiser's subjectivity.
METHODS FOR EVALUATING THE EFFECTIVENESS OF ACTIVE OPERATIONS OF COMMERCIAL BANKS
Authors:   Doctor of Economic Sciences, Professor of the Department of Economic analysis and audit, Stavropol State Agrarian University, Stavropol, Russia, SKLYAROV I. Yu. , SKLYAROVA Yu. M. ,   Doctor of Economic Sciences, Professor, Head of the Department of Financial management and banking, Stavropol State Agrarian University, Stavropol, Russia, LATYSHEVA L. A. ,   Candidate of Economic Sciences, Associate Professor of the Department of Financial management and banking, Stavropol State Agrarian University, Stavropol, Russia
Published: December 2020

The article is devoted to the research of banking activity, which differs significantly from other types of activity and is subject to a greater degree of risks: interest rate, credit, stock, currency and other types of risks. In this regard, it is necessary to conduct a comprehensive assessment of active operations of commercial banks. This article discusses methods for evaluating active operations, as well as comparative characteristics of methods for evaluating the effectiveness of active operations of commercial banks.