bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Copolymers based on GAP and 1,2‐Epoxyhexane as Promising Prepolymers for Energetic Binder Systems
Authors: Hafner Sven , Keicher Thomas , Klapötke Thomas M.
Published: November 2017

Copolymers of epichlorohydrin (ECH) and 1,2‐epoxyhexane (EpH) have been synthesized via cationic ring‐opening polymerization using BF3×THF as a catalyst. Structures of the resulting polymers have been confirmed by IR and NMR spectroscopy and GPC. In a subsequent reaction with NaN3 in DMSO, the halogenated precursors were completely azidated, which was confirmed by the same spectroscopic methods. The introduced pendant n‐butyl chains act as an internal plasticizer by lowering the glass transition temperature (Tg) of the copolymers compared to the reference compound glycidyl azide polymer (GAP). Compared to GAP in a similar molecular weight range, the copolymers also showed reduced viscosity. These properties make the described copolymers interesting candidates for use as energetic binders in cast‐cure applications.
Thermal Stability of Explosive Mixture with Additives at Different Ambient Temperatures
Authors: Nassim Bouras , Zhang Qi
Published: November 2017

Thermal stability of explosive mixture containing solid‐liquid phase of trinitrohexahydrotriazine (RDX), isopropyl nitrate (IPN, 2‐propyl nitrate) and aluminum powder (Al) with addition of different rates of 5 %, 10 %, 15 % and 20 % of sulfuric acid H2SO4 to the (RDX/IPN/Al) mixture was measured based on numerical simulation. Kissinger, equation of state (EOS) method and Maxwell approximation were used to compute the physic‐chemical characteristics of the mixture. We add an amount of acid to present a new explosive component. To obtain the ignition temperature, Cookoff model of cylindrical test is performed. The heating process of mixture at different ambient temperatures was progressed, and the ignition temperature was found that it depends on both acid rate added and different ambient temperatures applied and focused by SADT analysis. Temperature distributions over time, different ambient temperatures effect on ignition delay time, ignition position are carried out.
Correlation of the Carrier Decay Time and Barrier Thickness for Asymmetric Cubic GaN/Al0.64Ga0.36N Double Quantum Wells
Authors: Wecker Tobias , Callsen Gordon , Hoffmann Axel , Reuter Dirk , As Donat J.
Published: November 2017

The carrier transfer via non‐resonant tunneling is of great significance for many devices like the quantum cascade laser. In this study time‐resolved photoluminescence is used for an investigation of this effect in asymmetric double quantum wells for low temperatures. The Al content in these asymmetric double quantum wells was determined by HRXRD to x = 0.64 ± 0.03. The growth of the asymmetric cubic GaN/AlxGa1−xN double quantum wells was performed by a radio‐frequency plasma‐assisted molecular beam epitaxy. As a substrate, 3C‐SiC (001) on top of Si (001) was used. Three samples with different barrier thickness d were analysed (1 nm, 3 nm, 15 nm). The two quantum wells are designed with the thicknesses 2.5 nm and 1.35 nm. Thus, three expected emission bands measured in luminescence can be resolved. The maximum intensities are 3.49 eV (wide well), 3.73 eV (narrow well) and 4.12 eV (AlGaN). A correlation between the carrier lifetimes of the quantum wells (QWs) and the barrier width is found. Exploiting rate equations, the intensity ratio of both QW emissions is calculated. The coupling of the two QWs starts below 3 nm barrier thickness, above this value there is no coupling.
Bayesian statistical approaches to evaluating cognitive models
Authors: Annis Jeffrey , Palmeri Thomas J.
Published: November 2017

Cognitive models aim to explain complex human behavior in terms of hypothesized mechanisms of the mind. These mechanisms can be formalized in terms of mathematical structures containing parameters that are theoretically meaningful. For example, in the case of perceptual decision making, model parameters might correspond to theoretical constructs like response bias, evidence quality, response caution, and the like. Formal cognitive models go beyond verbal models in that cognitive mechanisms are instantiated in terms of mathematics and they go beyond statistical models in that cognitive model parameters are psychologically interpretable. We explore three key elements used to formally evaluate cognitive models: parameter estimation, model prediction, and model selection. We compare and contrast traditional approaches with Bayesian statistical approaches to performing each of these three elements. Traditional approaches rely on an array of seemingly ad hoc techniques, whereas Bayesian statistical approaches rely on a single, principled, internally consistent system. We illustrate the Bayesian statistical approach to evaluating cognitive models using a running example of the Linear Ballistic Accumulator model of decision making (Brown SD, Heathcote A. The simplest complete model of choice response time: linear ballistic accumulation. Cogn Psychol 2008, 57:153–178). WIREs Cogn Sci 2018, 9:e1458. doi: 10.1002/wcs.1458

This article is categorized under:

Neuroscience > Computation

Psychology > Reasoning and Decision Making

Psychology > Theory and Methods
Numerical aeroacoustic analysis of propeller designs
Authors: Chirico G. , Barakos G. N. , Bown N.
Published: November 2017

As propeller-driven aircraft are the best choice for short/middle-haul flights but their acoustic emissions may require improvements to comply with future noise certification standards, this work aims to numerically evaluate the acoustics of different modern propeller designs. Overall sound pressure level and noise spectra of various blade geometries and hub configurations are compared on a surface representing the exterior fuselage of a typical large turboprop aircraft. Interior cabin noise is also evaluated using the transfer function of a Fokker 50 aircraft. A blade design operating at lower RPM and with the span-wise loading moved inboard is shown to be significantly quieter without severe performance penalties. The employed Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) method is able to reproduce the tonal content of all blades and its dependence on hub and blade design features.
Urbaser S.A. and Consorcio de Aguas Bilbao Bizkaia, Bilbao Biskaia Ur Partzuergoa v. The Argentine Republic ICSID
Authors: Attanasio David , Sainati Tatiana
Published: November 2017

On December 8, 2016, an International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes (ICSID) tribunal (the Tribunal) held that international human rights condition the treatment that an investor is entitled to receive from a state and that human rights impose obligations on the investor itself. The Tribunal's explicit recognition of these dual consequences of international human rights law breaks new ground. International investment tribunals have not previously held that human rights obligations have any effect on protections due to investors, much less that international human rights law might establish separate obligations for investors.
ABELIAN -DIVISION FIELDS OF ELLIPTIC CURVES AND BRAUER GROUPS OF PRODUCT KUMMER & ABELIAN SURFACES
Authors: VÁRILLY-ALVARADO ANTHONY , VIRAY BIANCA
Published: November 2017

Let$Y$be a principal homogeneous space of an abelian surface, or a K3 surface, over a finitely generated extension of$\mathbb{Q}$. In 2008, Skorobogatov and Zarhin showed that the Brauer group modulo algebraic classes$\text{Br}\,Y/\text{Br}_{1}\,Y$is finite. We study this quotient for the family of surfaces that are geometrically isomorphic to a product of isogenous non-CM elliptic curves, as well as the related family of geometrically Kummer surfaces; both families can be characterized by their geometric Néron–Severi lattices. Over a field of characteristic$0$, we prove that the existence of a strong uniform bound on the size of the odd torsion of$\text{Br}Y/\text{Br}_{1}Y$is equivalent to the existence of a strong uniform bound on integers$n$for which there exist non-CM elliptic curves with abelian$n$-division fields. Using the same methods we show that, for a fixed prime$\ell$, a number field$k$of fixed degree$r$, and a fixed discriminant of the geometric Néron–Severi lattice,$\#(\text{Br}Y/\text{Br}_{1}Y)[\ell ^{\infty }]$is bounded by a constant that depends only on$\ell$,$r$, and the discriminant.
Subnational differences and entry mode performance: Multinationals in east and west China
Authors: Li Anran , Burmester Brent , Zámborský Peter
Published: November 2017

We compare the influence of entry mode choice on subsidiary performance in two developmentally-differentiated regions of a developing host country. Analysis of 113 subsidiaries located in two provinces of China indicates that wholly owned subsidiaries outperform joint ventures in the developed region, whereas joint ventures outperform wholly owned subsidiaries in the less developed region. However, the smaller performance gap between wholly owned subsidiaries and joint ventures in the developed region indicates that the magnitude of influence of entry mode choices on performance varies across subnational regions. Firms must therefore be more discriminating in formulating entry strategies to regionally heterogeneous countries.
Public health interventions can increase objective and perceived control by supporting people to enact the choices they want to make
Authors: Adams Jean
Published: November 2017

“Low-agency” public health interventions do not rely on individuals using their personal resources to benefit. These help people enact the choices they wish to make and are likely to increase objective and perceived control. Lower-agency interventions have been criticised as constraining individual choice. Pepper & Nettle show that this is unlikely to be the case.
Interpreting risky behavior as a contextually appropriate response: Significance and policy implications beyond socioeconomic status
Authors: Brezina Timothy
Published: November 2017

The significance of the contextually appropriate response perspective (CARP) can be judged, in part, by its potential to stimulate new research and guide public policy. To illustrate this potential, I move beyond socioeconomic status differences in behavior and apply CARP to broader, policy-relevant issues in criminology. In this area, CARP sheds new light on some old problems.
Both collection risk and waiting costs give rise to the behavioral constellation of deprivation
Authors: Mell Hugo , Baumard Nicolas , André Jean-Baptiste
Published: November 2017

Pepper & Nettle explain the behavioral constellation of deprivation (BCD) in terms of differences in collection risk (i.e., the probability of collecting a reward after some delay) between high- and low-socioeconomic-status (SES) populations. We argue that a proper explanation should also include the costs of waiting per se, which are paid even when the benefits are guaranteed.
Reconciling an underlying contradiction in the Distancing-Embracing model
Authors: Cupchik Gerald C.
Published: November 2017

The Distancing-Embracing model proposes that negative emotions embedded in literary works can be rewarding. This is consistent with a holistic ontology in the German Romantic tradition. However, the application of cognitive psychology to explain experiences of aesthetic pleasure is problematic because it is founded on a mechanistic Enlightenment epistemology. The appreciation of negative emotions requires cognitive elaboration and closure, whereas hedonistic reward is contingent on the reader's needs, in the moment, for pleasure or distraction.
The paradox of tragedy and emotional response to simulation
Authors: Hogan Patrick Colm
Published: November 2017

The insightful analysis of Menninghaus et al. could be deepened and rendered more systematic by recognizing that our emotional enjoyment of tragedy – and our response to fiction more generally – are versions of what happens with simulation. They derive from the operation and evolutionary function of simulation. Once we understand emotion in simulation, we largely understand emotion in tragedy (and fiction).
“Negative emotions” live in stories, not in the hearts of readers who enjoy them
Authors: Konečni Vladimir J.
Published: November 2017

The commendably ambitious project by Menninghaus et al. fails because its main connective tissue – “negative emotions” – is beyond the grasp of the authors' largely literary approach. The critique focuses on their treatment of the Paradox of Fiction, the neglect of the biological, adaptive nature of emotions, and the absence of convincing empirical support for key aspects of the proposed model.
Does art expertise facilitate distancing?
Authors: Leder Helmut , Schwarz Norbert
Published: November 2017

With respect to the Distancing-Embracing model, we discuss whether experts with well-developed and highly accessible schemata that lend themselves to distancing have initial affective reactions similar to those of novices, who lack access to well-developed distancing mechanisms, and whether differences between experts' and novices' responses are apparent only after distancing mechanisms have had a chance to do their work. We revisit findings from Leder et al. (2014) and discuss the role of mixed emotions and fluency.
Embracing nonfiction: How to extend the Distancing-Embracing model
Authors: Weisberg Deena Skolnick , Friend Stacie
Published: November 2017

The Distancing factor of Menninghaus et al.'s model includes schemas that remind consumers that the representation is fictional. Although they claim that these schemas are crucial to the functioning of the Embracing factor of the model, we argue that consumers can have similar responses to nonfictional representations. We urge the authors to expand their model to include such cases.
Strengths, altered investment, risk management, and other elaborations on the behavioural constellation of deprivation
Authors: Pepper Gillian V. , Nettle Daniel
Published: November 2017

We are grateful to have received so many insightful commentaries from interested colleagues regarding our proposed behavioural constellation of deprivation (BCD) and our thoughts on its causes and consequences. In this response article, we offer some clarifications regarding our perspective and tackle some common misperceptions, including, for example, assumptions that the BCD is adaptive and that it should include all behaviours that vary with socioeconomic status. We then welcome some excellent proposals for extensions and modifications of our ideas, such as the conceptualisation of the BCD as a risk-management strategy and the calls for a greater focus on strengths and differential investment rather than deficits and disinvestment. Finally, we highlight some insightful explorations of the implications of our ideas for ethics, policy, and practice.
The Political Philosophies of Kant and Marx
Authors: Williams Howard
Published: November 2017

Whilst acknowledging that there are several major differences in the approach which Kant and Marx take to political philosophy this article argues that there are also several common themes. These common themes of commitment to critique, freedom, equality, human betterment and cosmopolitanism are first highlighted. Subsequently the most marked contrasts in their approaches are examined and evaluated. Although Kant demonstrates greater political wisdom and a greater respect for law, Marx shows greater insight into social and political forces. Taken together Kant and Marx present an as yet unrealized, powerful programme for political and social improvement.
Chirurgische Therapie des Lymphödems – Möglichkeiten und Grenzen
Authors: Uyulmaz Semra , Scaglioni Mario F. , Lindenblatt Nicole
Published: November 2017

Zusammenfassung. Das Lymphödem ist eine häufige, chronisch fortschreitende und potenziell invalidisierende Erkrankung. In den entwickelten Ländern ist das Extremitätenlymphödem am häufigsten iatrogen nach Krebstherapien erworben. Meist gehören die radikale Lymphadenektomie sowie die Radiotherapie als essenzielle Bestandteile zum Therapiekonzept bei Krebserkrankungen. Diese sind stark assoziiert mit dem Extremitätenlymphödem. Resezierende Verfahren sollten nur im Endstadium der Erkrankung evaluiert werden, wobei die Liposuktion als Ausnahme und weniger invasives resezierendes Verfahren zu einer effektiven Gewebereduktion führen kann. Lymphovenöse Anastomosen und der mikrovaskuläre Lymphknotentransfer haben das experimentelle Stadium verlassen und stellen für ein korrekt auserwähltes Patientenkollektiv echte therapeutische Optionen dar, um die Hautqualität zu verbessern und das Fortschreiten der Erkrankung aufzuhalten. Die Kosten dafür werden zurzeit nur teilweise auf Antrag von den Krankenkassen übernommen. Für Betroffene eröffnen sich mit den mikrochirurgischen Methoden neue Aussichten auf ein besseres Leben. Um das geeignete Patientenkollektiv noch genauer zu definieren und die guten Resultate zu bestätigen, sind prospektive Studien mit höheren Fallzahlen und Langzeitstudien notwendig.
CME
Authors: Thalmann Gregor , Hausammann Raphaela , Fehr Thomas , Albert Sylvan
Published: November 2017

Zusammenfassung. Die transiente globale Amnesie (TGA) ist ein bis heute pathophysiologisch nicht geklärtes klinisch-neurologisches Syndrom. Typisch sind eine akut einsetzende Störung aller Gedächtnisinhalte, fehlende sonstige neurologische Ausfälle und ein repetitives Fragestellen des Patienten nach der Uhrzeit oder nach situativen Umständen. Trotz typischer Klinik ist die Diagnosestellung je nach Umstand der TGA und Charakteristika des Patienten herausfordernd. Die gezielte Anamnese und Fremdanamnese sind wegweisend. Dieser Artikel geht auf die Klinik, die in der Literatur diskutierten pathophysiologischen Hypothesen, die Diagnosestellung und die wichtigsten Differenzialdiagnosen ein.
Schwer verdaulich
Authors: Schoppmann Susanne
Published: November 2017

Zusammenfassung. Intendiertes Fremdkörperschlucken, das absichtliche Verschlucken unverdaulicher Fremdkörper, ist ein eher seltenes Phänomen, das in der Literatur unterschiedlich bezeichnet wird. Es führt zu Übertragungsphänomenen, denen individuell begegnet werden muss.
Blurred Boundaries – A Qualitative Study of How Acts of Self-Harm and Attempted Suicide Are Defined by Mental Health Practitioners
Authors: James Karen , Stewart Duncan
Published: November 2017

Abstract. Background: There is no commonly accepted definition of the term self-harm, and there is an ongoing debate about whether or not it should include acts of attempted suicide. The use of this language in clinical practice has not previously been explored. Aims: To investigate if, and how, practitioners distinguish between acts of self-harm and attempted suicide, and present any implications for practice. Method: We conducted semistructured interviews with a random sample of 18 frontline practitioners from 10 mental health wards and completed a thematic analysis of interview data. Results: Most participants described self-harm and attempted suicide as distinct behaviors. Characteristics of the act, disclosures of intent, and the level of distress observed were commonly used to differentiate between self-harm and attempted suicide. Very few participants believed that people who self-harm may also feel suicidal. Practitioners confidently described two different behaviors, yet self-harm and attempted suicide were often conflated, revealing the challenges and complexities associated with the separation of these acts in clinical practice. Limitations: Clinicians working in other settings or disciplines may have different views. Participants' accounts may not be an accurate representation of what happens in practice. Conclusion: This study adds to a body of evidence which argues against the dichotomous separation of these behaviors into acts of suicidal and nonsuicidal self-harm.Our findings suggest there is no common understanding of the boundaries between self-harm and attempted suicide among frontline clinicians. The language currently used, and consequent practice, particularly with regard to risk assessment, is problematic. Efforts should be made to operationalize terms around suicidal behavior and to incorporate these into training for clinical staff.
Modeling Evolutionary Changes in Information Transfer
Authors: Pongrácz Péter
Published: November 2017

Abstract. Interspecific communication provides good opportunity for studying signal evolution. In this theoretical paper, we hypothesized that vocal signaling in dogs may show specific changes that made it more suitable for interspecific communication in the anthropogenic niche. We assumed that (1) some dog vocalizations will diverge from the corresponding exemplars of wolves; (2) they provide comprehendible affective, indexical, and contextual information for humans; (3) some aspects of dog vocalizations are more typical for the interspecific than for the intraspecific domain. We found that the most unique type of vocalization in the dog is barking. We proved that human listeners can contextually categorize dog barks, as well as attribute distinct inner states of dogs based on the barks. We found that dogs are sensitive to both contextual and individual-specific features of other dogs’ barks. However, dogs showed almost no response to the bark emitted in isolation, which is one of the easiest to recognize by humans, indicating the possibility of a specific, new communicative role for barks, not present in its original function. Our conclusion is that the qualitative and quantitative proliferation of barks can be explained by mechanisms of evolution such as ritualization and adaptive radiation. Barks became suitable for conveying a more various set of information than the original barks of wolves did. Barks also became typical in such contexts where originally they were not used – such as the contact seeking calls of isolated specimens, apparently targeted at the human, and not at a canine audience.
Erratum: Modulation of mRNA and lncRNA expression dynamics by the Set2–Rpd3S pathway
Authors: Kim Ji Hyun , Lee Bo Bae , Oh Young Mi , Zhu Chenchen , Steinmetz Lars M. , Lee Yookyeong , Kim Wan Kyu , Lee Sung Bae , Buratowski Stephen , Kim TaeSoo
Published: November 2017

Nature Communications 7: Article number: 13534 (2016); Published 28 November 2016; Updated 29 November 2017 The ArrayExpress accession code is incorrect in this Article. The correct accession code is E-MTAB-4268.
Geochemical and mineralogical evidence that Rodinian assembly was unique
Authors: Liu Chao , Knoll Andrew H. , Hazen Robert M.
Published: November 2017

The mineralogy and geochemistry associated with Rodinian assembly (~1.3–0.9 Ga) are significantly different from those of other supercontinents. Compared to other supercontinents, relatively more Nb-bearing minerals, Y-bearing minerals, and zircons formed during Rodinian assembly, with corresponding enrichments of Nb, Y, and Zr concentrations in igneous rocks. By contrast, minerals bearing many other elements (e.g., Ni, Co, Au, Se, and platinum group elements) are significantly less abundant, without corresponding depletion of Ni and Co concentrations in igneous rocks. Here we suggest that the Nb, Y, and Zr enrichments in igneous rocks and relatively more occurrences of corresponding Nb-bearing minerals, Y-bearing minerals, and zircons result from significant non-arc magmatism during the mid-Proterozoic, while fewer occurrences of many other minerals suggest enhanced erosion of Rodinian volcanic arcs and orogens. The prolonged, extrovert assembly of Rodinia from thickened mid-Proterozoic continental crust via two-sided subduction can account for both the prevalence of non-arc magmatism and the enhanced erosion.
Novel Methods for Prevention of Hydrogen Embrittlement in Iron
Authors: Xu Q. , Zhang J.
Published: November 2017

Iron is the most widely used metal in the world. However, hydrogen embrittlement in steels—iron based alloys—is an important issue related to the safety of our infrastructure, such as railroads and bridges. Therefore, the prevention of hydrogen embrittlement in steels is necessary. In the present study, we demonstrate two novel methods for the prevention of hydrogen embrittlement in iron: one involves the low-energy implantation of helium, which is usually an element harmful to metals, into iron, the other is inducing damage to the iron surface by ion irradiation. In general, irradiation with high-energy particles leads to metal brittleness. In the former method, the driving force for hydrogen embrittlement in iron is weakened, in the latter method, hydrogen diffusion in iron is prevented because of trapping of hydrogen atoms in the vacancies produced by the irradiation. As a result, hydrogen embrittlement in iron was suppressed by both methods.
High-hole mobility polycrystalline Ge on an insulator formed by controlling precursor atomic density for solid-phase crystallization
Authors: Toko Kaoru , Yoshimine Ryota , Moto Kenta , Suemasu Takashi
Published: November 2017

High-carrier mobility semiconductors on insulators are essential for fabricating advanced thin-film transistors, allowing for three-dimensional integrated circuits or high-performance mobile terminals. We investigate the low-temperature (375–450 °C) solid-phase crystallization (SPC) of Ge on a glass substrate, focusing on the precursor conditions. The substrate temperature during the precursor deposition, Td, ranged from 50 to 200 °C. According to the atomic density of the precursor and the Td dependent SPC properties, the precursor conditions were determined by three regimes: the low-density regime (Td < 100 °C), high-density regime (100 ≤ Td ≤ 125 °C), and nucleation regime (Td > 125 °C). The use of the precursor in the narrow high-density regime enabled us to form SPC-Ge with a hole mobility of 340 cm2/Vs, the highest value among semiconductor thin films grown on insulators at low temperature (<900 °C). The origins of the high hole mobility were determined to be both a large grain size (5 µm) and a low energy barrier height (6.4 meV) for the grain boundary. The findings from and knowledge gained in this study, that is, the influence of the precursor conditions on subsequent crystal growth, will be universal and applicable to various materials.
High-definition tDCS of the temporo-parietal cortex enhances access to newly learned words
Authors: Perceval Garon , Martin Andrew K. , Copland David A. , Laine Matti , Meinzer Marcus
Published: November 2017

Learning associations between words and their referents is crucial for language learning in the developing and adult brain and for language re-learning after neurological injury. Non-invasive transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) to the posterior temporo-parietal cortex has been suggested to enhance this process. However, previous studies employed standard tDCS set-ups that induce diffuse current flow in the brain, preventing the attribution of stimulation effects to the target region. This study employed high-definition tDCS (HD-tDCS) that allowed the current flow to be constrained to the temporo-parietal cortex, to clarify its role in novel word learning. In a sham-controlled, double-blind, between-subjects design, 50 healthy adults learned associations between legal non-words and unfamiliar object pictures. Participants were stratified by baseline learning ability on a short version of the learning paradigm and pairwise randomized to active (20 mins; N = 25) or sham (40 seconds; N = 25) HD-tDCS. Accuracy was comparable during the baseline and experimental phases in both HD-tDCS conditions. However, active HD-tDCS resulted in faster retrieval of correct word-picture pairs. Our findings corroborate the critical role of the temporo-parietal cortex in novel word learning, which has implications for current theories of language acquisition.
C-Phycocyanin protects against mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress in parthenogenetic porcine embryos
Authors: Niu Ying-Jie , Zhou Wenjun , Guo Jing , Nie Zheng-Wen , Shin Kyung-Tae , Kim Nam-Hyung , Lv Wen-Fa , Cui Xiang-Shun
Published: November 2017

C-Phycocyanin (CP) is a biliprotein enriched in blue-green algae that is known to possess antioxidant, anti-apoptosis, anti-inflammatory, and radical-scavenging properties in somatic cells. However, the protective effect of CP on porcine embryo developmental competence in vitro remains unclear. In the present study, we investigated the effect of CP on the development of early porcine embryos as well as its underlying mechanisms. Different concentrations of CP (2, 5, 8, 10 μg/mL) were added to porcine zygote medium 5 during in vitro culture. The results showed that 5 μg/mL CP significantly increased blastocyst formation and hatching rate. Blastocyst formation and quality were significantly increased in the 50 μM H2O2 treatment group following 5 μg/mL CP addition. CP prevented the H2O2-induced compromise of mitochondrial membrane potential, release of cytochrome c from the mitochondria, and reactive oxygen species generation. Furthermore, apoptosis, DNA damage level, and autophagy in the blastocysts were attenuated by supplementation of CP in the H2O2-induced oxidative injury group compared to in controls. These results suggest that CP has beneficial effects on the development of porcine parthenotes by attenuating mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress.
Development of a framework catalyst for photocatalytic hydrogen evolution
Authors: Chinapang Pondchanok , Okamura Masaya , Itoh Takahiro , Kondo Mio , Masaoka Shigeyuki
Published: November 2017

The self-assembly of a catalyst module afforded a novel framework catalyst with long-lived activity and reusability for photocatalytic hydrogen production.
Growth of three-dimensional diamond mosaics by microwave plasma-assisted chemical vapor deposition
Authors: Shu G. , Dai B. , Ralchenko V. G. , Bolshakov A. P. , Khomich A. A. , Ashkinazi E. E. , Han J. , Zhu J.
Published: November 2017

Growth of novel 3D diamond mosaic structures by MPCVD was realized, clearing the way for complex diamond shapes.
Fullerenes – how 25 years of charge transfer chemistry have shaped our understanding of (interfacial) interactions
Authors: Zieleniewska A. , Lodermeyer F. , Roth A. , Guldi D. M.
Published: November 2017

Over 25 years research in charge transfer chemistry are highlighted in terms of interfacial interactions between fullerenes and porphyrins in electron donor–acceptor systems.
Ammonia vapour sensing properties of in situ polymerized conducting PANI-nanofiber/WS2 nanosheet composites
Authors: Jha Ravindra Kumar , Wan Meher , Jacob Chacko , Guha Prasanta Kumar
Published: November 2017

A chemiresistive sensor based on nanocomposites of HCl doped-PANI-nanofibers and WS2 nanosheets which is prepared by the template-free in situ polymerization of aniline on WS2 nanosheets is cost effective, reliable, stable and compatible with the current CMOS technology.
Thiamine-functionalized silver nanoparticles for the highly selective and sensitive colorimetric detection of Hg2+ ions
Authors: Khan Umerdaraz , Niaz Abdul , Shah Afzal , Zaman Muhammad Iqbal , Zia Muhammad Abid , Iftikhar Faiza Jan , Nisar Jan , Ahmed Muhammad Naeem , Akhter Mohammad Salim , Shah Aamir Hassan
Published: November 2017

Hg2+ contamination is a serious threat to the environment; hence, the development of methods for its trace level detection is urgently required.
Gold nanoparticle-based nano-probe for the colorimetric sensing of Cr3+and Cr2O72−by the coordination strategy
Authors: Du Jianjun , Ge Haoying , Gu Quanyong , Du Hong , Fan Jiangli , Peng Xiaojun
Published: November 2017

The Eyedropper function in Microsoft PowerPoint was introduced into the gold nanoparticles-based colorimetric recognition of Cr3+and Cr2O72−, which makes the quantitative determination easier, more convenient and more accurate.
Aluminium-catalyzed terpolymerization of furfuryl glycidyl ether with epichlorohydrin and ethylene oxide: synthesis of thermoreversible polyepichlorohydrin elastomers with furan/maleimide covalent crosslinks
Authors: Deng Ming , Guo Fang , Liao Daohong , Hou Zhaomin , Li Yang
Published: November 2017

A novel family of well-designed thermoreversible polyepichlorohydrin elastomers with furan/maleimide covalent crosslinks possessed excellent mechanical, self-healing ability and recyclability.
A light-mediated metal-free atom transfer radical chain transfer reaction for the controlled hydrogenation of poly(vinylidene fluoride-chlorotrifluoroethylene)
Authors: Tan S. B. , Zhao Y. F. , Zhang W. W. , Gao P. , Zhu W. W. , Zhang Z. C.
Published: November 2017

A light-mediated atom transfer radical chain transfer process is proposed for the controlled hydrogenation of P(VDF-CTFE) using metal-free photocatalyst.
CN rings in full protoplanetary disks around young stars as probes of disk structure
Authors: Cazzoletti P. , van Dishoeck E. F. , Visser R. , Facchini S. , Bruderer S.
Published: November 2017

Aims. Bright ring-like structure emission of the CN molecule has been observed in protoplanetary disks. We investigate whether such structures are due to the morphology of the disk itself or if they are instead an intrinsic feature of CN emission. With the intention of using CN as a diagnostic, we also address to which physical and chemical parameters CN is most sensitive.

Methods. A set of disk models were run for different stellar spectra, masses, and physical structures via the 2D thermochemical code DALI. An updated chemical network that accounts for the most relevant CN reactions was adopted.

Results. Ring-shaped emission is found to be a common feature of all adopted models; the highest abundance is found in the upper outer regions of the disk, and the column density peaks at 30−100 AU for T Tauri stars with standard accretion rates. Higher mass disks generally show brighter CN. Higher UV fields, such as those appropriate for T Tauri stars with high accretion rates or for Herbig Ae stars or for higher disk flaring, generally result in brighter and larger rings. These trends are due to the main formation paths of CN, which all start with vibrationally excited H\hbox{$_2^*$} molecules, that are produced through far ultraviolet (FUV) pumping of H2. The model results compare well with observed disk-integrated CN fluxes and the observed location of the CN ring for the TW Hya disk.

Conclusions. CN rings are produced naturally in protoplanetary disks and do not require a specific underlying disk structure such as a dust cavity or gap. The strong link between FUV flux and CN emission can provide critical information regarding the vertical structure of the disk and the distribution of dust grains which affects the UV penetration, and could help to break some degeneracies in the SED fitting. In contrast with C2H or c-C3H2, the CN flux is not very sensitive to carbon and oxygen depletion.
Ich sehe … was?
Authors: Herzog Michael , Sengebusch Jürgen
Published: November 2017

Hat jeder, kennt jeder, und in der Regel sind sie auch völlig harmlos. Doch man muss sie von bösen Doppelgängern unterscheiden können.
Das leidige Schöllkraut
Authors: Germann Peter
Published: November 2017

Eine Gegendarstellung zur Gegendarstellung.
Thermo-elasto-plastic simulations of femtosecond laser-induced structural modifications: Application to cavity formation in fused silica
Authors: Beuton Romain , Chimier Benoît , Breil Jérôme , Hébert David , Maire Pierre-Henri , Duchateau Guillaume
Published: November 2017

The absorbed laser energy of a femtosecond laser pulse in a transparent material induces a warm dense matter region relaxation of which may lead to structural modifications in the surrounding cold matter. The modeling of the thermo-elasto-plastic material response is addressed to predict such modifications. It has been developed in a 2D plane geometry and implemented in a hydrodynamic Lagrangian code. The particular case of a tightly focused laser beam in the bulk of fused silica is considered as a first application of the proposed general model. It is shown that the warm dense matter relaxation, influenced by the elasto-plastic behavior of the surrounding cold matter, generates both strong shock and rarefaction waves. Permanent deformations appear in the surrounding solid matter if the induced stress becomes larger than the yield strength. This interaction results in the formation of a sub-micrometric cavity surrounded by an overdense area. This approach also allows one to predict regions where cracks may form. The present modeling can be used to design nanostructures induced by short laser pulses.
A tomography diagnostic in the visible spectrum to investigate turbulence and coherent modes in the linear plasma column Mistral
Authors: David P. , Escarguel A. , Camenen Y. , Baude R. , Ferrand D.
Published: November 2017

In this paper, we describe a newly installed tomography diagnostic on the linear magnetized plasma device Mistral. The diagnostic is composed of 128 lines of sight covering a 20 cm diameter section and an acquisition rate up to 1 MHz. The measurements are done in the visible spectrum using silicon photomultiplier arrays that require a lower amplification voltage than photomultiplier tubes for similar gains and have a fast response. Tomographic reconstruction of a rotating plasma mode is shown to illustrate the capabilities of the diagnostic.
Anomalous phase behavior of first-order fluid-liquid phase transition in phosphorus
Authors: Zhao G. , Wang H. , Hu D. M. , Ding M. C. , Zhao X. G. , Yan J. L.
Published: November 2017

Although the existence of liquid-liquid phase transition has become more and more convincing, whether it will terminate at a critical point and what is the order parameter are still open. To explore these questions, we revisit the fluid-liquid phase transition (FLPT) in phosphorus (P) and study its phase behavior by performing extensive first-principles molecular dynamics simulations. The FLPT observed in experiments is well reproduced, and a fluid-liquid critical point (FLCP) at T = 3000 ∼ 3500 K, P = 1.5–2.0 Kbar is found. With decreasing temperature from the FLCP along the transition line, the density difference (Δρ) between two coexisting phases first increases from zero and then anomalously decreases; however, the entropy difference (ΔS) continuously increases from zero. These features suggest that an order parameter containing contributions from both the density and the entropy is needed to describe the FLPT in P, and at least at low temperatures, the entropy, instead of the density, governs the FLPT.
Exposing optical near fields of plasmonic patch nanoantennas
Authors: Manjare Manoj , Wang Feng , Rodrigo Sergio G. , Harutyunyan Hayk
Published: November 2017

Plasmonic nanosystems are typically used in optical experiments to concentrate electromagnetic energy into sub-wavelength volumes. In this context, metal-dielectric-metal (MDM) nanosystems provide an attractive geometry for achieving strong field enhancement and mode confinement on a few-nanometer scale. Unfortunately, the disadvantage of the MDM configuration can be that the enhanced near fields are confined to the dielectric spacer and are not externally accessible. This limits the suitability of such platforms for applications, where the interaction of light with external nano-objects is desirable, such as sensing, detection, and quantum optics. To expose the enhanced near fields to the environment, we selectively and isotropically etch the gap dielectric layer, which results in patch antennas on thin silicon oxide pedestals. We perform optical sensing experiments and simulations and confirm the sensitivity of the optical near fields to the refraction index change in a small volume.
Electrical properties of metal/Al2O3/In0.53Ga0.47As capacitors grown on InP
Authors: Ferrandis Philippe , Billaud Mathilde , Duvernay Julien , Martin Mickael , Arnoult Alexandre , Grampeix Helen , Cassé Mikael , Boutry Hervé , Baron Thierry , Vinet Maud , Reimbold Gilles
Published: November 2017

To overcome the Fermi-level pinning in III-V metal-oxide-semiconductor capacitors, attention is usually focused on the choice of dielectric and surface chemical treatments prior to oxide deposition. In this work, we examined the influence of the III-V material surface cleaning and the semiconductor growth technique on the electrical properties of metal/Al2O3/In0.53Ga0.47As capacitors grown on InP(100) substrates. By means of the capacitance-voltage measurements, we demonstrated that samples do not have the same total oxide charge density depending on the cleaning solution used [(NH4)2S or NH4OH] prior to oxide deposition. The determination of the interface trap density revealed that a Fermi-level pinning occurs for samples grown by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition but not for similar samples grown by molecular beam epitaxy. Deep level transient spectroscopy analysis explained the Fermi-level pinning by an additional signal for samples grown by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition, attributed to the tunneling effect of carriers trapped in oxide toward interface states. This work emphasizes that the choice of appropriate oxide and cleaning treatment is not enough to prevent a Fermi-level pinning in III-V metal-oxide-semiconductor capacitors. The semiconductor growth technique needs to be taken into account because it impacts the trapping properties of the oxide.
Does establishing lucerne under a cover crop increase farm financial risk?
Authors: Nordblom T. L. , Hutchings T. R. , Hayes R. C. , Li G. D. , Finlayson J. D.
Published: November 2017

Rainfed farms in south-eastern Australia often combine annual cropping and perennial pasture phases with grazing sheep enterprises. Such diversity serves in managing diseases, pests and plant nutrition while stabilising income in the face of wide, uncorrelated variations in international commodity prices and local weather over time. We use an actuarial accounting approach to capture the above contexts to render financial risk profiles in the form of distributions of decadal cash balances for a representative 1000-ha farm at Coolamon (34°50ʹS, 147°12ʹE) in New South Wales, Australia. For the soil and weather conditions at this location we pose the question of which approach is better when establishing the perennial pasture lucerne (Medicago sativa L.): sowing with the final crop of the cropping phase, or sowing alone following the final crop? It is less expensive to sow lucerne with the final crop, which can provide useful income from the sale of grain, but this practice can reduce pasture quantity and quality in poorer years. Although many years of field research have confirmed that sowing lucerne alone is the most reliable way to establish a pasture in this area, and years of extension messages to this effect have gone out to farmers, they often persist in sowing lucerne with their final cereal crops. For this region, counting all costs, we show that sowing lucerne alone can reduce farm financial risk (i.e. probability of negative decadal cash balances) at stocking rates >10 dry sheep equivalents (DSE)/ha, compared with the practice of sowing lucerne with a cover crop. Establishing lucerne alone allows the farmer the option to profitably run higher stocking rates for higher median decadal cash margins without additional financial risk. At low stocking rates (i.e. 5 DSE/ha), there appears to be no financial advantage of either establishment approach. We consider the level of equity, background farm debt and overhead costs to demonstrate how these also affect risk-profile positions of the two sowing options. For a farm that is deeply in debt, we cannot suggest either approach to establishing lucerne will lead to substantially better financial outcomes.
Wetlands in the Jiuzhaigou World Natural Heritage site of south-west China: classification and recent changes
Authors: Du Jie , Qiao Xue , Zhang Meng , Di Baofeng , Tang Ya
Published: November 2017

To understand the effects of tourism and climate change on wetlands, a study was performed at Jiuzhaigou, a destination receiving >5 million people per year. There are 21 types of wetlands in region, covering an area of 265.1ha, with 42.8% on tufa. Wetland areas declined by 16.1% from 1983 to 1999 (autumn) and by 31.2% from 1983 to 2002 (summer) and increased by 31.8% from 1999 to 2011 (autumn) and by 60% from 2002 to 2014 (summer). Wetland changes included dissolving tufa, a reduced tufa deposit rate, collapse of tufa mats, increases in water nutrients and algae, and marshland development. Mean annual air temperature increased from 1977. Annual precipitation varied from 430 to 810mm between 1951 and 2015, exhibiting an increasing trend from 2005 onwards. The number of both heavy rain and storm events increased from 2005. The number of tourists grew slowly from 1984 to 1997, but increased quickly from 360000 in 1998 to 5.1 million in 2015. Commercial logging between 1966 and 1978 and debris flows are probably the key factors contributing to increased lake sedimentation and marshland development. Rapid tourism development with intensive bus movement and regional air pollution likely caused changes in water chemistry, which, in turn, caused tufa changes and wetland degradation. Reducing tourist numbers is likely to be effective in reducing effects on wetlands and conserving them, but research is needed to determine appropriate tourist numbers.
Defining sustainable limits during and after intensification in a maritime agricultural ecosystem
Authors: Squire Geoffrey R
Published: November 2017

Introduction:
Intensification of agricultural ecosystems in the 20th century proceeded by a series of innovations that initially ensured food security, but had negative consequences for the in-field and wider environments. A case study in the north Atlantic zone maritime cropland of the UK identified three phases: (1) reorganization between 1940 and 1960, (2) intensification leading to tripling of grain output (1960–1990), and (3) a leveling of output (1990–2015).

Outcomes:
Innovations that caused the changes together with their effect on life forms, ecological processes and the evolving social, economic and biophysical conditions are identified. Attempts to design future sustainable systems are hampered by the absence of a baseline before intensification, by inadequate knowledge of in-field processes, and by uncertainty over “safe ranges” in which processes can operate without causing long-term system decline. Safe ranges are examined for three attributes recorded over all three phases, namely grain output, fertilizer input and the wild seedbank flora. The lower limits for grain and nitrogen were quantified as those that ensure grain security. Tentative upper limits were identified as those that were economically acceptable to farming in the face of major external perturbations related to food policy and environmental protection. Within these upper limits, fields can maintain a generalist wild species seedbank that supports a farmland food web.

Conclusion:
Some properties of the ecosystem therefore attained stability in phase 3. However, evidence of degrading soil, increasing pesticide use to maintain yield and collapse of specialist plant functions such as nitrogen fixation and pollination, suggest the system is moving toward a phase of decline.
Identification of seipin-linked factors that act as determinants of a lipid droplet subpopulation
Authors: Eisenberg-Bord Michal , Mari Muriel , Weill Uri , Rosenfeld-Gur Eden , Moldavski Ofer , Castro Inês G. , Soni Krishnakant G. , Harpaz Nofar , Levine Tim P. , Futerman Anthony H. , Reggiori Fulvio , Bankaitis Vytas A. , Schuldiner Maya , Bohnert Maria
Published: November 2017

Functional heterogeneity within the lipid droplet (LD) pool of a single cell has been observed, yet the underlying mechanisms remain enigmatic. Here, we report on identification of a specialized LD subpopulation characterized by a unique proteome and a defined geographical location at the nucleus–vacuole junction contact site. In search for factors determining identity of these LDs, we screened ∼6,000 yeast mutants for loss of targeting of the subpopulation marker Pdr16 and identified Ldo45 (LD organization protein of 45 kD) as a crucial targeting determinant. Ldo45 is the product of a splicing event connecting two adjacent genes (YMR147W and YMR148W/OSW5/LDO16). We show that Ldo proteins cooperate with the LD biogenesis component seipin and establish LD identity by defining positioning and surface-protein composition. Our studies suggest a mechanism to establish functional differentiation of organelles, opening the door to better understanding of metabolic decisions in cells.