bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Indigenous Self-determination through a Government Agency? The Impossible Task of the Swedish Sámediggi
Authors: Lawrence Rebecca , Mörkenstam Ulf
Published: February 2016

The last two decades have witnessed a growing global acknowledgement of indigenous rights, for instance manifested in the 2007 unDeclaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples. The Nordic countries have all responded to the rights claims of the indigenous Sámi people by establishing popularly elected Sámediggis (Sámi Parliaments) to serve as their representative bodies. Internationally, the Sámediggis are often referred to as ‘models’ for indigenous self-governance and participation. Using in-depth interviews with politicians and civil servants, this article provides the first empirical study of the daily work of the Swedish Sámediggi, with a specific focus on its institutional design as a government agency with dual roles: as an administrative authority under the Swedish government and as a popularly elected representative body of the Sámi people. We examine how these dual roles affect the work of the Sámediggi and if the Swedish Sámediggi safeguards the Sámi right to self-determination.
Spectrum of Wave Forcing Associated with the Annual Cycle of Upwelling at the Tropical Tropopause
Authors: Kim Joowan , Randel William J. , Birner Thomas , Abalos Marta
Published: February 2016

The zonal wavenumber spectrum of atmospheric wave forcing in the lower stratosphere is examined to understand the annual cycle of upwelling at the tropical tropopause. Tropopause upwelling is derived based on the wave forcing computed from ERA-Interim using the momentum and mass conservation equations in the transformed Eulerian-mean framework. The calculated upwelling agrees well with other upwelling estimates and successfully captures the annual cycle, with a maximum during Northern Hemisphere (NH) winter. The spectrum of wave forcing reveals that the zonal wavenumber-3 component drives a large portion of the annual cycle in upwelling. The wave activity flux (Eliassen–Palm flux) shows that the associated waves originate from the NH extratropics and the Southern Hemisphere tropics during December–February, with both regions contributing significant wavenumber-3 fluxes. These wave fluxes are nearly absent during June–August. Wavenumbers 1 and 2 and synoptic-scale waves have a notable contribution to tropopause upwelling but have little influence on the annual cycle, except the wavenumber-4 component. The quasigeostrophic refractive index suggests that the NH extratropical wavenumber-3 component can enhance tropopause upwelling because these planetary-scale waves are largely trapped in the vertical, while being refracted toward the subtropical upper troposphere and lower stratosphere. Regression analysis based on interannual variability suggests that the wavenumber-3 waves are related to tropical convection and wave breaking along the subtropical jet in the NH extratropics.
How to Conduct a Good Meta-Analysis in Gifted Education
Authors: Steenbergen-Hu Saiying , Olszewski-Kubilius Paula
Published: February 2016

This methodological brief introduces basic procedures and issues for conducting a high-quality meta-analysis in gifted education. Specifically, we discuss issues such as how to select a topic and formulate research problems, search for and identify qualified studies, code studies and extract data, choose and calculate effect sizes, analyze data, conduct heterogeneity and moderator analysis, assess publication bias, as well as interpret and report meta-analysis results. We discuss why meta-analysis is needed in gifted education. We also review the history of meta-analyses in gifted education and discuss topics that are conducive to meta-analysis. Furthermore, we provide an overview of the challenges and recent advancements in meta-analysis methodology. Last, we introduce useful resources for further learning of meta-analysis.
Themed dissertation projects for taught MSc courses
Authors: Renfrew Alasdair , So Daniel , Sloan Robin , Gibson Andrew
Published: February 2016

The School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering at the University of Manchester runs six taught MSc courses with a total cohort of over 200 students. The relatively short dissertation period requires rapid learning in the early stages. Themed projects were developed as a structure to facilitate these projects and enhance the student experience by separation of the expertise required for assistance in dealing with day-to-day technical problems from that of overseeing project strategy and progress. For the former process, doctoral and post-doctoral members of the school were selected and trained for the role of ‘Mentor’. Their activity freed supervisors’ time to concentrate on the critical aspects of student progress and project strategy. The themed project system has just completed its fourth year of operation and caters for approximately half of all the dissertation students in the school. The school also offers ‘conventional’ 1:1 supervised projects, principally for the smaller MSc courses, providing the MSc student with a choice of project system. However, all dissertations are individual and are assessed according to the same criteria. Evaluation has shown an improved level of student satisfaction with regard to the assistance habitually provided by members of the research group in which the projects take place.
Analysis of Publication Decisions for Journal of Research in Music Education Manuscripts (2009–2014)
Authors: Sims Wendy L. , Lordo Jackie , Phelps Cynthia Williams
Published: February 2016

The primary purpose of this study was to investigate characteristics of manuscripts submitted to the Journal of Research in Music Education ( JRME) representing various research methodologies. A database was compiled comprising all manuscripts that received a publication decision from February 2009 through March 2014 ( N = 506). Only submissions that went through the complete review process ( n = 423) were analyzed and included quantitative, qualitative, historical, and mixed methods research. The proportions of the 125 articles accepted for publication during this timeframe by research methodology category included 29.39% of the quantitative submissions and 27.41% of the qualitative submissions. Quantitative research represented 65.95% of submissions and 66.40% of acceptances, and qualitative represented 29.39% of submissions and 27.20% of acceptances. Historical studies and mixed methods studies each accounted for very small proportions of submissions and acceptances. Comparisons of the summative judgments that reviewers provided for the quantitative and qualitative articles when recommending against acceptance also were examined and found to be comparable. Data indicate that publications decisions were not systematically related to research methodology.
New Horizontal Inequalities in German Higher Education? Social Selectivity of Studying Abroad between 1991 and 2012
Authors: Netz Nicolai , Finger Claudia
Published: February 2016

On the basis of theories of cultural reproduction and rational choice, we examine whether access to study-abroad opportunities is socially selective and whether this pattern changed during educational expansion. We test our hypotheses for Germany by combining student survey data and administrative data on higher education entry rates. We find that studying abroad was socially selective during the entire observation period. Selectivity increased between 1991 and 2003 and hardly changed thereafter. Unexpectedly, the expansion of higher education does not explain this development. We also find that students from a high social background are more likely to choose exclusive types of stays abroad, that is, prolonged stays and stays funded through study-abroad scholarships. Regarding access to scholarships, social inequality increased as studying abroad became less exclusive. High-background students thus seem to replace their prior practices with more exclusive study-abroad practices.
Book Review: Shirin M. Rai and Janelle Reinelt (Eds), The Grammar of Politics and Performance
Authors: Baxi Upendra
Published: February 2016

Shirin M. Rai and Janelle Reinelt (Eds), The Grammar of Politics and Performance, London, Routledge, 2015, 254 pp., $145, ISBN 9780415716505.
Book Review: Imrana Qadeer (Ed.), India: Social Development Report 2014: Challenges of Public Health
Authors: Desiraju Keshav
Published: February 2016

Imrana Qadeer (Ed.), India: Social Development Report 2014: Challenges of Public Health, New Delhi, Oxford University Press, 2015, 400 pp., ` 995, ISBN: 978-0-19-946088-5.
Expertise Judgment and Communication Accommodation in Linguistic Styles in Computer-Mediated and Face-to-Face Groups
Authors: Liao Wang , Bazarova Natalya N. , Yuan Y. Connie
Published: February 2016

Taking a communication approach to expertise, this study examined emergence of expertise through communication accommodation (CA) in 46 four-person face-to-face (FtF) and text-based computer-mediated communication (CMC) groups. We found that FtF members with a lower pre-discussion task confidence accommodated to the linguistic styles of those with a higher pre-discussion task confidence. Meanwhile, CA influenced post-discussion expertise judgment in CMC groups such that members who accommodated to others were judged as having less expertise. CA also influenced post-discussion expertise judgment in FtF groups after taking into account perceived task-oriented communication and perceived influence. The findings emphasize the important roles of CA and of communication channel in expertise emergence.
Relationship-Specific Hope and Constructive Conflict Management in Adult Romantic Relationships: Testing an Accommodation Framework
Authors: Merolla Andy J. , Harman Jennifer J.
Published: February 2016

Using sequenced conflict interaction scenarios, this study tested Rusbult and colleagues’ partner accommodation framework. In addition, we examined the unique effects of relationship-specific hope, a variable we argue contributes to constructive conflict communication in adult romantic relationships. Results generally, but not completely, supported the predictive power of the partner accommodation model. Consistent with predictions, relationship-specific hope positively predicted partner accommodation in multiple scenarios. Moreover, relationship-specific hope positively predicted postconflict relational evaluations through its effects on partner accommodation. Supporting the tenets of hope theory, relationship-specific hope was found to be a more robust predictor of accommodation in multiple scenarios when partner responses were nonconciliatory (compared with conciliatory). This suggests that hope is most consequential to relational communication in especially trying relational circumstances. We interpret our findings, and their implications, based on interdependence theory, hope theory, and existing conflict management research.
State-Society Dynamics in Contemporary Brazilian Land Reform
Authors: Wolford Wendy
Published: February 2016

Over the past 15 years, land reform has returned from the “dustbin of history” to serve again as a viable policy option. Much has been written about its resurgence, with the research tending to focus narrowly on the role of prices, policies, and politics in shaping the design and outcome of distribution. While these are necessary elements to understand, their reification neglects the critical element of process. Land reform programs are implemented by an array of government actors and negotiated on the ground by beneficiaries, social movement activists, large farmers, and the general public. A messy assemblage of actors and interests shapes both the design and the outcome of distribution. Qualitative analysis of the federal agency in charge of land reform in Brazil, the Instituto Nacional de Colonização e Reforma Agrária (National Institute of Colonization and Agrarian Reform—INCRA), reveals that, in the context of increased citizen participation and reduced funding, the agency must work together with social movement activists to perform its task. The analysis suggests that the study of state-society relations today requires a new vocabulary that highlights substance and process rather than form.

Nos últimos 15 anos, a reforma agrária foi resgatada do arquivo histórico para servir como opção políticamente viável. Muito se tem escrito sobre essa restauração. Pesquisas têm concentrado atenção no papel de preços, legislação e política no desenho e resultado da distribuição. Ainda que seja necessário entender esses elementos, sua ratificação ignora os elementos críticos do processo. Programas de reforma agrária são implementados por uma variedade de atores governamentais e negociados por beneficiários, ativistas de movimentos sociais, grandes agricultores e pelo público em geral. Um mosaico desengonçado de atores e interesses dão forma tanto ao desenho quanto ao resultado da distribuição. Análise qualitativa da agência federal responsável pela reforma agrária no Brasil, o Instituto Nacional de Colonização e Reforma Agrária (INCRA), revela que, no contexto de maior participação de cidadãos e de recursos reduzidos, é importante que a agência atue coordenadamente com ativistas de movimentos sociais para desempenhar seu papel. A análise sugere que o estudo das relações entre sociedade e Estado hoje exige um novo vocabulário que acentue mais a importância de substância e processo do que da forma.
“We Will Gladly Join You in Partnership in Harrisburg or We Will See You in Court”
Authors: Simpson Andrew T.
Published: February 2016

In 1990, Mayor Sophie Masloff warned large not-for-profits, like the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (UPMC), that unless they started making an increased financial contribution in the form of payments in lieu of taxes, or PILOTs, the City of Pittsburgh would take them to court to recoup what municipal officials perceived to be their “fair share” of the local tax pie. Masloff’s threat represented only one potential strategy employed by city officials since the late 1960s to address the growing imbalance of power between large not-for-profit employers and local government. This study uses the debate over PILOTs, and the 1997 passage of the Insitutions of Purely Public Charity Act, or Act 55, to examine the changing role of large not-for-profits in the City of Pittsburgh from the late 1960s to the present. It argues that more attention must be paid to the emergence of large not-for-profits, especially hospital systems, as major economic actors and as a focal point for Pittsburgh’s current reinvention narrative. This decision has had real financial consequences for the city’s revenue collection stream. It has also placed elected officials into an uncomfortable role as an arbiter between sometimes-warring parties, as the growing rift between the large health care not-for-profits UPMC and Highmark Blue Cross Blue Shield has dramatically illumined. A more careful consideration of the role of large not-for-profits allows historians and policymakers to better understand the financial consequences of the “eds and meds” economy for the postindustrial American city.
Educational Needs and Technological Preferences of Fathers of Youth With Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Albanese-O’Neill Anastasia , Schatz Desmond A. , Bernhardt Jay M. , Elder Jennifer H.
Published: February 2016

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to identify the educational needs and technological preferences of fathers of youth aged 6 to 17 years with type 1 diabetes (T1DM).

Methods

Participants completed 2 surveys and 1 in-person semistructured interview. Survey data were collected via Qualtrics; interviews were recorded and transcribed. The quantitative data were analyzed with SPSS 22.

Results

Thirty fathers/stepfathers of youth 6 to 17 years old with T1DM participated in the study. Participants reported high levels of unmet diabetes-related educational needs, including needs in fundamental areas of diabetes management such as treatment of hyperglycemia, hypoglycemia, and calculating and adjusting insulin doses. A majority of participants identified educational needs in more nuanced aspects of diabetes management, indicating a need for more information about insulin pumps and continuous glucose monitors, managing diabetes at school, and finding help for diabetes challenges. All participants used smartphone technology, and most expressed interest in receiving diabetes education via mobile technology.

Conclusions

The findings contribute to our understanding of the educational needs of fathers of children with T1DM and provide preliminary support for the acceptability of delivering diabetes education via mobile technology. The incorporation of patient and caregiver perspectives into the development of mHealth diabetes education applications may increase engagement and improve health outcomes.
Differences in Prior Beliefs, Differential Interpretation, and the Consensus Effect of Quarterly Earnings Signals and Trading Volume
Authors: Atiase Rowland K. , Dontoh Alex K. , Gift Michael J.
Published: February 2016

Models of financial economists including Karpoff, Varian, Holthausen and Verrecchia, and Dontoh and Ronen have demonstrated that there are three distinct fundamental determinants of trading volume reaction to new information releases: first, the extent of differences in investors’ prior beliefs; second, differences in their interpretations of the information; and third, the level of consensus that the information release induces among them. Although these effects are well understood theoretically, empirical studies that investigate trading volume reaction to the arrival of new information have tended to combine these three fundamental determinants, thereby masking their distinct incremental effects on trade. In this article, we examine all three potential sources of trade in response to information: heterogeneous prior beliefs, differential interpretation, and the consensus effect of the news. We find that all three of these effects have a distinct incremental impact on trading volume, thereby corroborating the theoretical models of financial economists.
Prevalence, Outcomes, and Management of Enteral Tube Feeding Intolerance: A Retrospective Cohort Study in a Tertiary Center
Authors: Wang Kailun , McIlroy Kerry , Plank Lindsay D. , Petrov Max S. , Windsor John A.
Published: February 2016

Background: Enteral tube feeding (ETF) is the most common form of artificial feeding in hospitalized patients, and the development of intolerance (ETFI) is the most common complication. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of ETFI, the clinical consequences, and the current management approach to ETFI in hospitalized adult patients. Materials and Methods: Adult patients receiving ETF were identified from a prospective database in the Nutrition Services at Auckland City Hospital. Further information was obtained by the review of clinical records for a 12‐month period, up to December 2014. Results: The prevalence of ETFI was 33% among 754 patients. ETFI more frequently occurred in the intensive care unit (P < .05). Patients with ETFI were less likely to reach their feeding goal rate (P < .01). Multivariate analysis showed that younger age, certain specialties, and acute mesenteric ischemia were independent predictors of ETFI (P < .05). The management of ETFI was highly variable. Medication was the most common treatment, while changes in the feeding protocol such as reducing infusion rate and stopping and changing the route of ETF were also frequently attempted. Conclusion: ETFI is a frequent problem in adult hospitalized patients receiving ETF, and it is associated with poor clinical outcomes such as inadequate nutrition and complications of feeding. While the pathophysiology is poorly understood, there also appears to be no standard evidence‐based treatment. Studies investigating the mechanisms and optimized management are therefore indicated.
Proximities and the Intensity of Scientific Relations
Authors: Capello Roberta , Caragliu Andrea
Published: February 2016

Several types of proximity affect knowledge flows with different strength. Insufficient attention has been paid to the interrelations between such forms of proximity at the same time, each one assumed to facilitate the flow of goods, ideas, and spillovers on its own but not in relation to one another. Moreover, if decreasing returns have been conceptually attributed to proximity effects on the intensity of scientific cooperation and learning processes, empirical evidence about nonlinearities in different proximity effects has never been demonstrated. This article aims to fill these gaps. Results on all Nomenclature of Territorial Units for Statistics (NUTS2) regions of the 27 Countries of the European Union (EU27) point toward the existence and relevance of synergic effects between different types of proximity. In particular, while social proximity has a positive impact on scientific cooperation, with decreasing magnitude as spatial distance increases, results on cognitive and technological proximity suggest that some form of complementarity seems to exist with spatial distance. In fact, when spatial distance increases, in order to cooperate, regions must also be cognitively and technologically close.
Mainstreaming Innovation in Art Worlds: Cooperative links, conventions and amphibious artists
Authors: Patriotta Gerardo , Hirsch Paul M.
Published: February 2016

We extend Becker’s conception of art worlds to articulate the boundaries which enable and constrain innovation in art. Synthesizing network and institutional approaches to art innovation, we argue that new conventions develop through a cooperative process involving mainstreamers, mavericks, outsiders, and novices – whose interactions produce novel ways of linking artists to those who consume their products. We emphasize the role of amphibious artists in bridging mainstream and maverick social types, thereby reducing the distance between ‘outside’ and ‘inside’, and crossing the more permeable boundaries separating them. We illustrate the framework with a case of innovation in the film art world: the mainstreaming of American independent cinema.
‘Fantasy of Fusion’ as a Response to Trauma: European Leaders and the Origins of the Eurozone Crisis
Authors: Stein Mark
Published: February 2016

In this paper I explore a new approach to the understanding of trauma. I call into question the widely held assumption that trauma tends to engender feelings of dejection, lethargy and helplessness. Instead, I argue that it can lead to a quite different, active and over-optimistic response that involves an attempt at fusion with those who have inflicted, or might yet inflict, trauma. Drawing on concepts from psychoanalysis, I introduce the term ‘fantasy of fusion’ to encapsulate this idea. This concept is illustrated by an examination of the role of European leaders in the crucial decision to launch the single currency, and an exploration of its ramifications in creating the conditions for the eurozone crisis. The contribution of this paper is threefold. First, calling into question the assumption that trauma leads to feelings of helplessness, this paper introduces and develops the novel idea of ‘fantasy of fusion’. Second, it sheds further light on the challenges of leadership. Third, it provides a new deep structure explanation for the origins of the eurozone crisis.
Testing for Response Shift Bias in Evaluations of School Antibullying Programs
Authors: Shaw Thérèse , Cross Donna , Zubrick Stephen R.
Published: February 2016

Background:

Involvement in bullying at school is detrimental to students’ mental and physical health; however, school antibullying programs have not been found to be uniformly successful. Self-reported frequency of involvement in bullying victimization and perpetration, often used as outcome measures in intervention impact evaluation studies, may be subject to response shift, particularly in intervention conditions. Such differential shifts could lead to biased estimates of intervention effects.

Objectives:

This study investigated the presence of reconceptualization, reprioritization, and recalibration response shift, resulting from intervention implementation.

Method:

The study subjects were Grade 8 students ( n = 3,382, 53% female) in the 35 schools participating in the Cyber Friendly Schools Project, a longitudinal group-randomized intervention trial. Response shift was assessed by comparing traditional and retrospective pretest measures of bullying involvement, as well as testing for measurement invariance over time in the Forms of Bullying Scale (FBS) using confirmatory factor analyses.

Results:

No evidence of response shift was found, indicating students’ understandings of bullying behavior remained stable over time. These findings also demonstrate the applicability of the FBS in longitudinal studies involving adolescents.

Conclusion:

While response shift was not present in our study, researchers conducting program evaluations in other contexts are advised to consider testing for this potential source of bias in their studies.
Bordering practices in the UK welfare system
Authors: Guentner Simon , Lukes Sue , Stanton Richard , Vollmer Bastian A. , Wilding Jo
Published: February 2016

This article considers how chauvinistic welfare policies operate as a bordering practice. Taking the UK as an example, it examines a process in which welfare provisions have increasingly been withdrawn from a group of people designated as undeserving. It points out a close link between chauvinism based on ethnicity and that based on class. This relation is explored in detail for the case of social housing culminating in today’s ‘social housing for local people’ approach. A second case, access to social services for unaccompanied minors, is presented to illustrate bordering practices that operate in everyday services despite existing legal entitlements. The cases show that governments and service providers frequently act outside their legal remits to pursue this agenda, despite the UK’s anti-discrimination legislation.
From welfare nationalism to welfare chauvinism: Economic rhetoric, the welfare state and changing asylum policies in Finland
Authors: Keskinen Suvi
Published: February 2016

The article analyses the role and effects of economic cost and welfare state arguments in Finnish immigration politics and policies. It argues for a need to distinguish between welfare nationalist, welfare chauvinist and welfare exclusionist discourses. Through an examination of the immigration programmes of the political parties and parliamentary debates and policy documents mapping the changes in asylum policy in 2009–2011, the article shows that welfare nationalism strongly characterises the way asylum and non-Western migration is treated in Finnish politics. Welfare chauvinism is typical for right-wing populist argumentation, but is also used by individual politicians from other parties and by policy makers. Examples of welfare exclusionism were found in party programmes but not in the policy process. Moreover, it is argued that struggles over welfare benefits cannot be understood without an analysis of the cultural definitions of national belonging.
From engaging to enabling: Could an asset-based approach transform Indigenous affairs?
Authors: Blackman Deborah Ann , Buick Fiona , O'Flynn Janine
Published: February 2016

We make the case that the adoption of the asset-based approach to community development could reframe how we think of Indigenous policy development and implementation. We present the case of a specific site which explicitly adopted this approach and delivered enhanced outcomes for communities. Drawing on this example we identify elements of successful Indigenous policy in terms of enhanced services for citizens: new ways of developing and implementing policy; widening the circle of participation and developing social and human capital. We identify the crucial role of appropriate resource allocation and the need for effective, ongoing facilitation to ensure the asset-based approach can be used effectively to improve community development at the local level. Based on the successful adoption of this approach in this example, we call for more research into the potential of this approach to drive new approaches in Indigenous policy and implementation.
A new pretest probability score for diagnosis of lower limb deep vein thrombosis in unselected population of outpatients and inpatients
Authors: Sermsathanasawadi Nuttawut , Chaivanit Trakarn , Suparatchatpun Pinyo , Chinsakchai Khamin , Wongwanit Chumpol , Ruangsetakit Chanean , Mutirangura Pramook
Published: February 2016

Objective

To develop a new pretest probability score for deep vein thrombosis (DVT) in unselected population of outpatients and inpatients.

Methods

The new score was developed using independent factors from 500 patients clinically suspected of leg DVT. The new score was validated in a second group of 315 patients.

Results

The score consists of four components: unilateral leg pain, confinement to bed, calf enlargement >3 cm compared with the other side, and previous venous thromboembolism. A score ≥2 indicated a high probability while a score <2 indicated low probability. The sensitivity and specificity of the new score were 71.60% and 79.49%, respectively. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve for the new score was 0.79. The combination of a new score <2 and D-dimer level <500 µg/L had a negative predictive value of 96.43%.

Conclusions

Our new score was valid in an unselected population of outpatients and inpatients.
Very early social support following mild stroke is associated with emotional and behavioral outcomes three months later
Authors: Villain Marie , Sibon Igor , Renou Pauline , Poli Mathilde , Swendsen Joel
Published: February 2016

Objective:

To investigate whether social contact and support received during hospitalization for acute ischemic stroke predict depression and daily life functioning three months later.

Design:

Prospective observational study using Ecological Momentary Assessments to evaluate the number of social contacts as well as social support received from family, friends and medical staff within 24 hours following admission for stroke. Patients also monitored depression symptoms and behavior in real-time and in daily life contexts three months later.

Setting:

A university hospital acute stroke unit.

Subjects:

Thirty-four mild ischemic stroke patients.

Interventions:

None.

Main measures:

One-day Ecological Momentary Assessments immediately following stroke collected information concerning perceived social support, number of social contacts and depression symptoms. Ecological Momentary Assessments was repeated three months later and addressed depression levels as well as activities of daily living, such as working, cooking, shopping and housework.

Results:

The number of social interactions received at hospitalization did not predict three-month outcomes. However, a better quality of moral support from friends and family immediately after stroke was associated with decreases in later depression levels ( p = 0.041) and increases in activities of daily living ( p = 0.011). Material support from friends and family was associated with increases in activities of daily living ( p = 0.012). No effect was observed for support received from medical staff.

Conclusions:

Patient perceptions of better support quality, and not quantity, immediately following mild stroke, are associated with better behavioral and emotional outcomes three months later.
Childhood Social Skills as Predictors of Middle School Academic Adjustment
Authors: Hall Gordon Emmett , DiPerna James Clyde
Published: February 2016

The present study used multiple regression analyses to examine the relationships between fifth-grade social skills and eighth-grade academic achievement. Data were drawn from the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study–Kindergarten Class of 1998-1999 (ECLS-K). Results indicated no relationship between positive or negative social behavior in fifth grade and academic achievement or teacher-rated academic skills in eighth grade. However, consistent with previous studies, fifth-grade approaches to learning were found to be positive predictors of both academic achievement and teacher-rated academic skills in eighth grade. In addition, these results suggest that socioeconomic status plays a significant and potentially unexplored avenue for understanding these outcomes. These results further illuminate the way behaviors in elementary school relate to academic adjustment to middle school.
The Development of Self-Representations During the Transition to Early Adolescence: The Role of Gender, Puberty, and School Transition
Authors: Schaffhuser Kathrin , Allemand Mathias , Schwarz Beate
Published: February 2016

The present study investigated the development of global and domain-specific self-representations in the transition from late childhood to early adolescence and tested whether gender, puberty, and school transition help explain individual differences in change. The study was based on three measurement occasions over 2 years and included 248 adolescents (average age at T1 = 10.6 years). Findings indicated both stability and change over time. Individual differences in change were partially explained by gender and school transition. It revealed that girls experienced steeper decreasing trajectories and were more negatively affected by school transition in comparison with boys. Time-varying associations between puberty and self-representations were evident in terms of perceived pubertal timing. Findings suggest that both biological (pubertal timing) and contextual factors (school transition) play a role in explaining individual differences of self-representation level as well as their development in girls’ and boys’ transition to early adolescence.
Flow and meaningfulness as predictors of therapeutic outcome within songwriting interventions
Authors: Silverman Michael J. , Baker Felicity A. , MacDonald Raymond A. R.
Published: February 2016

There has been inadequate consideration of how flow and meaning impact health within music therapy interventions. The purpose of these analyses was to determine if flow and meaningfulness of songwriting were related to and functioned as predictors of therapeutic outcome within songwriting interventions for adult inpatients on an acute care psychiatric unit (Study 1) and a detoxification unit (Study 2). Correlational and multiple regression analyses were conducted on data with inpatients who had participated in a single-session highly structured blues songwriting intervention with a music therapist. Therapeutic outcomes were state indices of hope (Study 1; N = 54 adults on an acute care psychiatric unit) and readiness to change (Study 2; N = 170 adults on a detoxification unit). In both studies, there tended to be positive and significant correlations between flow and meaningfulness of songwriting and therapeutic outcomes. Multiple regression analyses indicated that flow was a significant predictor of therapeutic outcome but that meaningfulness of songwriting was not a significant predictor of therapeutic outcome during both studies. Flow may represent a positively framed and less invasive method for measuring patients’ perceptions of the therapeutic outcomes. Implications, limitations, and suggestions for future research are included.
Effects of musical valence on the cognitive processing of lyrics
Authors: Fiveash Anna , Luck Geoff
Published: February 2016

The effects of music on the brain have been extensively researched, and numerous connections have been found between music and language, music and emotion, and music and cognitive processing. Despite this work, these three research areas have never before been drawn together into a single research paradigm. This is significant as their combination could lead to valuable insights into the effects of musical valence on the cognitive processing of lyrics. This research draws on theories of cognitive processing suggesting that negative moods facilitate systematic and detail-oriented processing, while positive moods facilitate heuristic-based processing. The current study ( n = 56) used an error detection paradigm and found that significantly more error words were detected when paired with negatively valenced sad music compared to positively valenced happy music. Such a result explains previous findings that sad and happy lyrics have differential effects on emotion induction, and suggests this is due to sad lyrics being processed at deeper semantic levels. This study provides a framework in which to understand the interaction of lyrics and music with emotion induction – a primary reason for listening to music.
Moral re-turns in geography. Chora
Authors: Bonfiglioli Stefania
Published: February 2016

This paper focuses on the geographical notion of chora, i.e. the earth as ethically shaped by human practices, according to my interpretation of Strabo’s Geography. I argue that this chora is bearer of a logic of the included third/middle, as it coincides with the logico-semantic third way of Plato’s notion of image. Re-interpreting today’s geographical turns in the light of a re-turn to Strabo’s chora/image, I argue that this return is moral, inasmuch as the geographical chora shows that ethics has preserved a logic of image and representation, which is the most ancient in Western thought, but also the most appropriate to contemporary issues. The geographical model of chora which I delineate here – a complex model on the basis of which ethics works in the same way as an image – is also the attempt to propose an alternative theory on the nature of image as well as an alternative interpretation of the role which ethics can play in current debate.
Beyond proximities
Authors: Rutten Roel
Published: February 2016

Knowledge creation is recognized as interaction between individuals in a social context, but geography-of-knowledge-creation research inadequately connects social context to physical place. The proximities approach reduces physical place to near-far dichotomies and territorial innovation models conflate social context and physical place. This paper introduces the concept of ‘conversations’ as social spaces of knowledge creation and develops typologies of how conversations are connected to physical places, based on the effort required to bridge distance and on the attractiveness of places for knowledge creation. Addressing the socio-spatial dynamics of knowledge creation, the paper explains how conversations may be anchored in multiple locations.
Stability of the Glenohumeral Joint With Combined Humeral Head and Glenoid Defects
Authors: Gottschalk Lionel J. , Walia Piyush , Patel Ronak M. , Kuklis Matthew , Jones Morgan H. , Fening Stephen D. , Miniaci Anthony
Published: February 2016

Background:

Shoulders with recurrent anterior instability often have combined bony defects of the humeral head and glenoid. Previous studies have looked at only isolated humeral head or glenoid defects.

Purpose/Hypothesis:

The aim of this study was to define the relationship of combined humeral head and glenoid defects on anterior shoulder instability. Combined bony defects will lead to increased instability compared with an isolated defect, and the “critical” size of humeral head and glenoid defects that need to be addressed to restore stability will be smaller when combined rather than isolated.

Study Design:

Controlled laboratory study.

Methods:

Eighteen shoulder specimens were tested at 60° of glenohumeral abduction and 80° of glenohumeral external rotation. Humeral head defect sizes included 6%, 19%, 31%, and 44% of the humeral head diameter. Glenoid defect sizes included 10%, 20%, and 30% of the glenoid width. Outcome measures included percentage of intact stability ratio (%ISR; the stability ratio for a given trial divided by the stability ratio in the intact state for that specimen) and percentage of intact translation (%IT; the distance to dislocation for a given trial divided by the distance to dislocation in the intact state for that specimen).

Results:

The decrease in %ISR reached statistical significance for humeral head defects of 44%, for glenoid defects of 30%, and for a combined 19% humeral head defect with a 20% glenoid defect (65% mean %ISR). The decrease in %IT reached statistical significance for humeral head defects ≥31%, for glenoid defects ≥20%, and for a combined 19% humeral head defect with a 10% glenoid defect (69% mean %IT).

Conclusion:

In shoulders with combined humeral head and glenoid defects, bony reconstruction may be indicated for humeral head defects as small as 19% of the humeral head diameter and glenoid defects as small as 10% to 20% of the glenoid width, especially if the glenoid defect produces a significant loss of glenoid concavity depth.

Clinical Relevance:

In shoulders with combined humeral head and glenoid defects, bony reconstruction may be indicated for defect sizes smaller than would be indicated for either defect found in isolation.
Recovery of Muscle Strength After Intact Arthroscopic Rotator Cuff Repair According to Preoperative Rotator Cuff Tear Size
Authors: Shin Sang-Jin , Chung Jaeyoon , Lee Juyeob , Ko Young-Won
Published: February 2016

Background:

The recovery of muscle strength after arthroscopic rotator cuff repair based on the preoperative tear size has not yet been well described.

Purpose/Hypothesis:

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the recovery period of muscle strength by a serial assessment of isometric strength after arthroscopic rotator cuff repair based on the preoperative tear size. The hypothesis was that muscle strength in patients with small and medium tears would recover faster than that in those with large-to-massive tears.

Study Design:

Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3.

Methods:

A total of 164 patients who underwent arthroscopic rotator cuff repair were included. Isometric strength in forward flexion (FF), internal rotation (IR), and external rotation (ER) was evaluated preoperatively and at 6, 12, 18, and 24 months after surgery. Preoperative magnetic resonance imaging scans were assessed to evaluate the quality of the rotator cuff muscle, including fatty infiltration, occupation ratio, and tangent sign. Patient satisfaction as well as visual analog scale (VAS) for pain, American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons (ASES), and Constant scores were assessed at every follow-up.

Results:

Muscle strength demonstrated the slowest recovery in pain relief and the restoration of shoulder function. To reach the strength of the uninjured contralateral shoulder in all 3 planes of motion, recovery took 6 months in patients with small tears and 18 months in patients with medium tears. Patients with large-to-massive tears showed continuous improvement in strength up to 18 months; however, they did not reach the strength of the contralateral shoulder at final follow-up. At final follow-up, mean strength in FF, IR, and ER was 113.0%, 118.0%, and 112.6% of the contralateral shoulder in patients with small tears, respectively; 105.0%, 112.1%, and 102.6% in patients with medium tears, respectively; and 87.6%, 89.5%, and 85.2% in patients with large-to-massive tears, respectively. Muscle strength in any direction did not significantly correlate with postoperative patient satisfaction ( P = .374, .515, and .692 for FF, IR, and ER, respectively), whereas it highly correlated with preoperative quality of the muscle.

Conclusion:

The recovery of muscle strength after arthroscopic repair was poorly correlated with patient satisfaction. This study recommends that regardless of pain relief and improved shoulder function, patients with larger than medium tears should be encouraged to continue with rehabilitation for the maximal restoration of muscle strength beyond 1 year postoperatively.
Outcomes of Combined Bone Marrow Stimulation and Patch Augmentation for Massive Rotator Cuff Tears
Authors: Yoon Jong Pil , Chung Seok Won , Kim Jae Yoon , Lee Byung Joo , Kim Hyung-Sub , Kim Ju Eun , Cho Jung Hyun
Published: February 2016

Background:

The high failure rate after surgical repair of massive rotator cuff tears is a consistent problem.

Purpose:

To evaluate the clinical and radiological outcomes of arthroscopic rotator cuff repair with bone marrow stimulation and patch augmentation in patients with massive rotator cuff tears.

Study Design:

Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3.

Methods:

This study included 21 patients who underwent bone marrow stimulation and patch augmentation (group 1) and 54 patients who underwent conventional repair (group 2) for massive rotator cuff tears. Postoperative clinical outcomes were evaluated based on visual analog scale (VAS) for pain, simple shoulder test (SST), University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Constant, and American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons (ASES) scores at baseline, 1 year postoperatively, and final follow-up. Anatomic outcomes were evaluated by using postoperative magnetic resonance imaging at 1 year after surgery.

Results:

No significant differences in demographic characteristics and baseline data were observed between groups 1 and 2. Clinical symptoms were significantly improved at the final follow-up in both groups ( P < .001). At the final follow-up, no significant differences were found in VAS pain ( P = .676), SST ( P = .598), UCLA ( P = .100), Constant ( P = .469), or ASES ( P = .880) scores. However, the retear rate was lower in group 1 (4/21, 19.0%) than in group 2 (25/54, 46.3%) ( P = .036), and the medial-row failure rate (type 2 retears) was much lower in group 1 (0/4, 0%) than in group 2 (18/25, 72.0%) ( P = .014).

Conclusion:

Concomitant bone marrow stimulation and patch augmentation significantly reduced retear and medial-row failure rates in the arthroscopic repair of massive rotator cuff tears.
Process chain for serial manufacture of polymer components with micro- and nano-scale features: Optimisation issues
Authors: Vella Pierre C , Dimov Stefan S , Kolew Alexander
Published: February 2016

This article reports a follow-up research to investigate further the component technologies of a cost-effective manufacturing route designed to achieve function and length scale integration in products. The route employs a viable master-making process chain that integrates compatible and at the same time complementary, structuring and replication technologies to fabricate Zr-based bulk metallic glass inserts. To validate them, they are subsequently integrated into a micro-injection moulding machine, and polymer structures incorporating both micro- and nano-scale features are replicated. Especially, the masters and/or replicas after each processing step were analysed and the factors affecting its overall performance were identified. The research demonstrated that the master-making process chain can be a viable fabrication route for both fully amorphous and partially crystalline Zr-based bulk metallic glass inserts that incorporate different length scale features. The results also showed that relatively good fidelity of the different scale features can be achieved with the micro-injection moulding process, and thus, it can enable function and length scale integration in thermoplastic components.
Analysis and comparison of two different ultra-precision manufacturing methods for off-axis parabolic mirror with single point diamond turning
Authors: Ji Shijun , Yu Huijuan , Zhao Ji , Liu Xiaolong , Hu Ming
Published: February 2016

Off-axis aspheric mirror is an important component widely used in optical system and precision measurement instrument. Off-axis parabolic surface is one typical shape of off-axis aspheric mirrors which can enlarge focal length and widen field-of-view. Two typical ultra-precision turning methods which are turning the cylindrical blank by revolving around the axis of parabolic surface (TPS) and revolving around the axis of cylindrical surface (TCS) are analyzed and compared for off-axis parabolic surface in this article. Three-axis (X, Z, C) turning machine is applied and kinematic analyses of two linear axes (X, Z) are studied during cutting with the single point diamond turning. The tool paths are generated and installation errors are analyzed under two different conditions. Primary experiments are conducted to verify the effectiveness of theoretical analyses. The obtained results demonstrate that the surface machined with TPS method has better machining quality than the one machined with TCS method.