bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
THE BILDKARTEN OF HERMANN BOLLMANN
Authors: HODGKISS A G
Published: April 2007

The representation of surfaces in three-dimensions is a problem that has always intrigued cartographers. Early attempts to portray towns and cities in the 16th century used elevation as a technique. The oblique, perspective-like view came into use in the latter part of the century, and the method was later improved and enhanced. The modern plan is accurate, functional and correct, but perhaps less attractive than these early town plans. Herman Bollman has revived cartographic interest in 'bildkarten' through the production of a remarkable series of town plans over a period of nearly 25 years. In his brilliant series of plans, Herr Bollman has developed new methods in the production of perspective drawings and combines technique with the understanding of a master craftsman.
Cluster Perception in the Distribution of Point Objects
Authors: Sadahiro Yukio
Published: April 2007

This paper aims to develop a model representing cluster perception in the distribution of point objects. Three spatial factors—that is, proximity, concentration, and density change—are considered to cause cluster perception. To measure these factors, two spatial notions based on the density of point objects are proposed: local density and relative local density. These densities are defined as the functions of a location in a map, and indicate how points are distributed around the location. Cluster perception is represented as a probabilistic function of the measures derived from the relative local density, and its likelihood is shown for model estimation. An experiment in cluster perception indicates that the model is significantly valid, and some empirical findings related to the heterogeneity of map readers in cluster perception are shown.
Adapting to the Machine: Integrating GIS into Qualitative Research
Authors: Bell Scott , Reed Maureen
Published: April 2007

Geographic information systems (GIS) represent a technology developed over the past 30 years to facilitate the storage of spatial data and the solution of spatial problems. Recently, encouraging work in geography has begun to show the power of this technology for studying diverse social issues at a variety of scales. In this paper we demonstrate how social and spatial linkages might be effectively illustrated using GIS in qualitative, action-oriented research. In particular we focus on a component of the discipline that has traditionally not used GIS technology: feminist, community-based action research. We do this through a hypothetical dialogue between two geographers: a researcher with expertise in GIS and GIScience, and a researcher using feminist participatory and case-study methods who is interested in incorporating GIS into her studies. The dialogue will illustrate how a research strategy that combines GIS and qualitative methods might be advanced, using a specific study as the focus or the discussion.
ACCURACY OF THEMATIC MAPS / IMPLICATIONS OF CHOROPLETH SYMBOLIZATION
Authors: MACEACHREN ALAN M
Published: April 2007

Accuracy of thematic maps is identified as having two components: planimetric accuracy and data representation accuracy. The first is of only minor concern for thematic maps. Data representation accuracy, however, is at least as significant to map effectiveness as are the perceptual and cognitive aspects of map reading that have been given so much attention in recent years. The focus of the study presented is on data representation accuracy considering the specific case of choropleth maps. It is demonstrated that three factors, enumeration unit size, enumeration unit compactness, and variability of the distributions mapped are significant in determining enumeration unit aggregate value accuracy and, therefore, map accuracy. Based on experimental results, it is suggested that potential accuracy of choropleth maps could be predicted through measurement of these characteristics. A second experiment is used to demonstrate the applicability of this method to predicting overall choropleth map accuracy as well as the geographic distribution of any error present in the map.
THE UNIVERSAL CARTOGRAPHIC DATA BASE
Authors: RENTMEESTER LESTER F.
Published: April 2007

Numerical representation of map information is currently being used by many map customers and it has far reaching implication in cartographic compilation and use. Machine manipulation of digital data is having an impact on production processes and graphic readout. Map users, interested in geography, land-use, geology, hydrology, geodesy and other earth resource information, will obtain digital thematic mapping data which will be annotated on a digital map base. This paper describes a project to standardize data codes, data representation, unit of measure, increment of data recording and other common attributes of a digital data base so that it can be used interchangeably within the Department of Defense in the preparation of maps and charts. Qualitative and quantitative requirements for digital and physical analog records will be established.
Part 1: Distortion-Spectrum Fundamentals A New Tool for Analyzing and Visualizing Map Distortions
Authors: Laskowski Peter
Published: April 2007

The basic techniques for calculating map distortions are reviewed, and several new concepts in analytic cartography are introduced together with the pertinent terminology: standardization of distortions against the reference projection, standard unit of distortion (SUD), and the distortion spectrum. The latter offers a succinct summary of the distortion content in a projection, which is quantitative and visual at the same time. Its main use is to compare different kinds of distortion (for example, in areas, shapes, or distances) within a projection, and among different projections. It also allows one to express quantitatively that, for example, a particular projection is much closer to the equal-area property than to that of conformality, and by exactly how much. The practical utility of the new concepts is demonstrated through examples of comparative distortion analysis of common projections.
A Surface Approach to the Handling of Uncertainties in An Integrated Spatial Database Environment
Authors: Zhang Jingxiong
Published: April 2007

Motivated by the capabilities and flexibilities of surface data models and methods to capture spatial variabilities central to many geographical phenomena, this chapter explores the advantages of surface-based methods for error handling in spatial databases. At a general level, methods used in the past for representing and handling errors are described, along with their associated problems. Surface-based methods are then advocated as offering a unified strategy that can be used to represent different kinds of errors, as well as to indicate their spatial variability. This is followed by a description of fuzzy surfaces that can be used to represent uncertainties in categorial data. Empirical studies were undertaken in the context of local Edinburgh suburban land-cover mapping, using aerial photographs and remotely sensed images. The results are encouraging, and suggest further exploration and use of the surface-based methods.
Technology And Education In A Developing Country/An Experience Involving Computer-Assisted Cartography And Indonesia
Authors: DOUGLAS DAVID H
Published: April 2007

In 1983 the Midwest Universities Consortium for International Affairs (MUCIA) entered into an agreement with the Ministry of Education of the Government of Indonesia to implement World Bank Education Project IX. A major activity of the project was to bring consultants to three Indonesian universities in fields identified by the universities. One of these fields was computer-assisted cartography by the Facultas Geografi of Universitas Gadjah Mada (UGM). The position at Universitas Gadjah Mada was filled in sequence by two consultants including the author who spent from January to August 1987 in Jogyakarta. This paper discusses some of the problems and successes with acquiring, developing, converting and implementing software and a system for teaching.
THE HOPELESS PURSUIT OF PURIFICATION IN CARTOGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION: A COMPARISON OF GRAPHIC-ARTS AND PERCEPTUAL DISTORTIONS OF GRAYTONE SYMBOLS
Authors: MONMONIER MARK S
Published: April 2007

Simulation models are developed to determine the likely range of effects of edge growth caused by overinking during printing of dot-screen, parallel-line and crossed-line area symbols. Plausible amounts of edge growth, based upon experiences in printing Universal Product Code identifiers for food and household products, provide the basis for expanding the perimeters of the black image elements comprising an area symbol and thereby estimating the increased percentages of area inked. The effects of this type of reproduction noise, called fill-in, are simulated for amounts of edge growth representing both carefully monitored and low-quality printing. Graphs and measurements of Data Range/Inked Area curves are used to compare reproduction noise with published indicators of the perceptual distortion of values symbolized with graytones. These results indicate that printing is at least as significant a potential source of error in cartographic communication as perception. Attempts to improve map reading through apparent-value rescaling of area symbols, although laudable, would be insufficient to eliminate error in value estimation tasks, even if all map users had similar perceptual/cognitive tendencies. A realistic strategy for coping with gray-scale distortions is presented in a series of guidelines.
Women's physical aggression in bars: an event‐based examination of precipitants and predictors of severity
Authors: Lorraine Collins R. , Quigley Brian , Leonard Kenneth E.
Published: April 2007

Although women drink in bars and experience aggression in bar settings, much of the research has focused on men's experiences of aggression in bars. We used data from questionnaires and face‐to‐face interviews to examine the contributors to the occurrence and severity of women's experience of specific incidents of aggression in bars. Young women (n=92) provided event‐based descriptions of their most recent experience of physical aggression in a bar during the past 24 months. Most aggression in bars was precipitated by rowdy behavior and involved female opponents who were strangers. The severity and overall aggressiveness of the respondent's behaviors were positively associated with initiating the incident and having a female opponent. The severity and overall aggressiveness of the opponent's behaviors were negatively associated with initiating the incident and positively associated with having a female opponent. This study adds to the paucity of research on women's aggression in bars and expands our understanding of women's roles as perpetrator and victim of such aggression. Aggr. Behav. 33:304–313, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
In situkinetic modelling of intestinal efflux in rats: functional characterization of segmental differences and correlation within vitroresults
Authors: González‐Alvarez Isabel , Fernández‐Teruel Carlos , Casabó‐Alós Vicente G. , Garrigues Teresa M. , Polli James E. , Ruiz‐García Ana , Bermejo Marival
Published: April 2007

The objective was to devise and apply a novel modelling approach to combine segmentalin siturat perfusion data andin vitrocell culture data, in order to elucidate the contribution of efflux in drug absorption kinetics. The fluoroquinolone CNV97100 was used as a model P‐gp substrate.In situintestinal perfusion was performed in rat duodenum, jejunum, ileum and colon to measure the influence of P‐gp expression on efflux. Inhibition studies of CNV97100 were performed in the presence of verapamil, quinidine, cyclosporin A andp‐aminohippuric acid. Absorption/efflux parameters were modelled simultaneously, using data from bothin situstudies as well asin vitrostudies. The maximal efflux velocity was modelled as a baseline value, corrected for each segment based on the expression level. CNV97100 passive diffusional permeability (Pdiff) and its affinity for the efflux carrier (Km) were assumed to be the same in all segments. The results indicate the new approach to combinein situdata andin vitrodata succeed in yielding a unified, quantitative model for absorption/efflux. The model incorporated a quantitative relationship between P‐gp expression level and the efflux functionality, both acrossin situandin vitrosystems, as well across different intestinal segments in thein situstudies. Permeability values decreased from duodenum to ileum in accordance with the increasing P‐gp expression levels in rat intestine. The developed model reflects a strong correlation betweenin vitroandin situresults, including intrinsic differences in surface area. The successful application of a model approach to combine absorption data from two different experimental systems holds promise for future efforts to predict absorption results from one system to a second system. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An alternative Alcian Blue dye variant for the evaluation of fetal cartilage
Authors: Redfern Brian G. , David Wise L. , Spence Stan
Published: April 2007

BACKGROUND: The most comprehensive evaluation of vertebrate skeletal development involves the use of Alizarin Red S dye to stain ossified bone and various other dyes to stain cartilage. The dye used most widely to stain fetal cartilage in rodents and rabbits is Alcian Blue 8GX. However, the global supply of this specific dye has been exhausted. Several forms of the dye marketed as Alcian Blue 8GX are now available, although they are not synthesized via the original 8GX manufacturing process. METHODS: One new Alcian Blue 8GX form and two Alcian Blue dye variants were evaluated in rats and rabbits using standard staining procedures. The staining quality of these dyes were evaluated relative to the original form of Alcian Blue 8GX based on cartilage uptake of the dye, clarity of the cartilaginous components, staining intensity of the dye, and overall readability of the specimens under stereomicroscopic evaluation. RESULTS: Staining with the newer form of Alcian Blue 8GX resulted in poor staining quality. The Alcian Blue‐Pyridine variant performed well, although staining intensity was less than optimal. The Alcian Blue‐Tetrakis variant provided staining characteristics that were most similar to the original form of Alcian Blue 8GX. CONCLUSIONS: Alcian Blue‐Tetrakis was markedly better in its ability to stain fetal cartilage than the newer form of Alcian Blue 8GX. Birth Defects Res (Part B), 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Putting microbes to work: Dairy fermentation, cell factories and bioactive peptides. Part I: Overview
Authors: Hayes Maria , Ross R. Paul , Fitzgerald Gerald F. , Stanton Catherine
Published: April 2007

A variety of milk‐derived biologically active peptides have been shown to exert both functional and physiological roles in vitro and in vivo, and because of this are of particular interest for food science and nutrition applications. Biological activities associated with such peptides include immunomodulatory, antibacterial, anti‐hypertensive and opioid‐like properties. Milk proteins are recognized as a primary source of bioactive peptides, which can be encrypted within the amino acid sequence of dairy proteins, requiring proteolysis for release and activation. Fermentation of milk proteins using the proteolytic systems of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) is an attractive approach for generation of functional foods enriched in bioactive peptides given the low cost and positive nutritional image associated with fermented milk drinks and yoghurt. In this review, we discuss the exploitation of such fermentation towards the development of functional foods conferring specific health benefits to the consumer beyond basic nutrition. In particular, in Part I, we focus on the release of encrypted bioactive peptides from a range of food protein sources, as well as the use of LAB as cell factories for the de novo generation of bioactivities.
Solution structure of a novel D‐naphthylalanine substituted peptide with potential antibacterial and antifungal activities
Authors: Wu Jiun‐Ming , Wei Shu‐Yi , Chen Heng‐Li , Weng Kuo‐Yao , Cheng Hsi‐Tsung , Cheng Jya‐Wei
Published: April 2007

A new type of Trp‐rich peptide, Ac‐KWRRWVRWI‐NH2, designated as Pac‐525, was found to possess improved activity against both gram‐positive and negative bacteria. We have synthesized two Pac‐525 analogues, D‐Pac‐525 containing all D‐amino acids and D‐Nal‐Pac‐525, the D‐Pac‐525 analogue with tryptophan replaced by D‐β‐naphthylalanine. We have determined the solution structure of D‐Nal‐Pac‐525 bound to membrane‐mimetic DPC micelles by two‐dimensional NMR methods. The DPC micelle‐bound structure of D‐Nal‐Pac‐525 adopts a left‐hand α‐helical segment and the positively charged residues are clustered together to form a hydrophilic patch. The surface electrostatic potential map indicates the threeD‐β‐naphthylalanines are packed against the peptide backbone and form an amphipathic structure. A variety of biophysical and biochemical experiments, including circular dichroism, fluorescence spectroscopy, and microcalorimetry, were used to show that D‐Nal‐Pac‐525 interacted strongly with negatively charged phospholipid vesicles and induced efficient dye release from these vesicles, suggesting that the strong antimicrobial activity of D‐Nal‐Pac‐525 may be due to interactions with bacterial and fungus membranes. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers (Pept Sci) 88: 738–745, 2007.

This article was originally published online as an accepted preprint. The “Published Online” date corresponds to the preprint version. You can request a copy of the preprint by emailing the Biopolymers editorial office at biopolymers@wiley.com
Sacral nerve stimulation for neurogenic faecal incontinence
Authors: Holzer B , Rosen H R , Novi G , Ausch C , Hölbling N , Schiessel R
Published: April 2007

Background

Sacral nerve stimulation (SNS) has emerged as a promising technique for the treatment of faecal incontinence. This study assessed the outcome of SNS in a cohort of patients with incontinence of neurological aetiology.

Methods

Thirty-six patients were included in a trial of SNS. Twenty-nine subsequently had a permanent implant. Evaluation consisted of a continence diary, anal manometry, saline retention testing and quality of life assessment.

Results

After a median follow-up of 35 (range 3–71) months, 28 patients showed a marked improvement in or complete recovery of continence. Incontinence to solid or liquid stool decreased from a median of 7 (range 4–15) to 2 (range 0–5) episodes in 21 days (P = 0·002). Saline retention time increased from a median of 2 (range 0–5) to 7 (range 2–15) min (P = 0·002). Maximum resting and squeeze anal canal pressures increased compared with preoperative values. Quality of life on all scales among patients who received a permanent implant increased at 12 and 24 months after operation.

Conclusion

SNS is of value in selected patients with neurogenic faecal incontinence.
New Stannide ScAgSn: Determination of the Superstructure via Two‐Dimensional 45Sc Solid State NMR.
Authors: Sebastian C. Peter , Zhang Long , Fehse Constanze , Hoffmann Rolf‐Dieter , Eckert Hellmut , Poettgen Rainer
Published: April 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Crystal Structure of the New Cobalt Tellurite Chloride Co5Te4O11Cl4.
Authors: Becker Richard , Johnsson Mats , Berger Helmuth
Published: April 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Potassiumpolysulfides: [K(THF)]2S6 and [K2(THF)]S9.
Authors: Dornhaus Franz , Bolte Michael , Wagner Matthias , Lerner Hans‐Wolfram
Published: April 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Novel Copper‐Complex‐Substituted Tungstogermanates.
Authors: Wang Chun‐Mei , Zheng Shou‐Tian , Yang Guo‐Yu
Published: April 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Insights into the General and Efficient Cross McMurry Reactions Between Ketones.
Authors: Duan Xin‐Fang , Zeng Jing , Lue Jia‐Wei , Zhang Zhan‐Bin
Published: April 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Facile Preparation of N‐Acylsulfonamides by Using Sulfonyl Isocyanate.
Authors: Manabe Shino , Sugioka Tomoyuki , Ito Yukishige
Published: April 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Efficient Trimethylsilylation and Tetrahydropyranylation of Alcohols in the Presence of 1,3‐Dibromo‐5,5‐dimethylhydantoin.
Authors: Shirini Farhad , Zolfigol Mohammad Ali , Paktinat Maryam
Published: April 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Ruthenium(III) Acetylacetonate [Ru(acac)3] — An Efficient Chemoselective Catalyst for the Tetrahydropyranylation (THP) of Alcohols and Phenols under Solvent‐Free Conditions.
Authors: Varala Ravi , Adapa Srinivas R.
Published: April 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Mild Preparation of Alkenes from Phenyl Sulfides: One‐Pot Elimination of Phenylthio Group via Sulfilimine at Ambient Temperature.
Authors: Matsuo Jun‐ichi , Kozai Takaaki , Ishibashi Hiroyuki
Published: April 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
RuCl3/PPh3: An Efficient Combination for the Preparation of Chiral 1,3‐anti‐Diols Through Catalytic Hydrogenation.
Authors: Labeeuw Olivier , Roche Christophe , Phansavath Phannarath , Genet Jean‐Pierre
Published: April 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Synthesis of 1,1′‐Binaphthyl‐2,2′‐diyl Phosphoroselenoic Amides and Their Conversion to Optically Pure Phosphoramidites.
Authors: Murai Toshiaki , Inaji Shinsuke , Morishita Ken , Shibahara Fumitoshi , Tokunaga Makoto , Obora Yasushi , Tsuji Yasushi
Published: April 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Efficient Protocol for Reductive Amination of Aldehydes and Ketones with Sodium Borohydride in an Ionic Liquid/H2O System.
Authors: Nagaiah K. , Kumar V. Naveen , Rao R. Srinivasa , Reddy B. V. S. , Narsaiah A. V. , Yadav J. S.
Published: April 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
The Willgerodt—Kindler Reaction in Water: High Chemoselectivity of Benzaldehydes over Acetophenones.
Authors: Aghapoor Kioumars , Mohsenzadeh Farshid , Khanalizadeh Golriz , Darabi Hossein R.
Published: April 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Aryl Sulfoxides via Palladium‐Catalyzed Arylation of Sulfenate Anions.
Authors: Maitro Guillaume , Vogel Sophie , Prestat Guillaume , Madec David , Poli Giovanni
Published: April 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Sulfonyl Chloride Formation from Thiol Derivatives by N‐Chlorosuccinimide Mediated Oxidation.
Authors: Nishiguchi Atsuko , Maeda Kazuhiro , Miki Shokyo
Published: April 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
An Efficient Modification of the Hofmann Rearrangement: Synthesis of Methyl Carbamates.
Authors: Gogoi Pranjal , Konwar Dilip
Published: April 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Enantioselective Reductive Coupling of 1,3‐Enynes to Heterocyclic Aromatic Aldehydes and Ketones via Rhodium‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Hydrogenation: Mechanistic Insight into the Role of Broensted Acid Additives.
Authors: Komanduri Venukrishnan , Krische Michael J.
Published: April 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Synthesis of γ‐Alkylidenebutenolides by Formal [3 + 2] Cyclizations of 1,5‐ and 2,4‐Bis(trimethylsilyloxy)‐1,3,5‐hexatrienes with Oxalyl Chloride.
Authors: Freifeld Ilia , Bose Gopal , Eckhardt Tobias , Langer Peter
Published: April 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Green Protocol for the Synthesis of Bis‐indolylmethanes and Bis‐indolylglycoconjugates in the Presence of Iron(III) Fluoride as a Heterogeneous, Reusable, and Eco‐Friendly Catalyst.
Authors: Kamble Vinod T. , Bandgar Babasaheb P. , Suryawanshi Satish B. , Bavikar Sudhir N.
Published: April 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
New Protocol to Synthesize Spiro‐1,4‐dihydropyridines by Using a Multicomponent Reaction of Cyclohexanone, Ethyl Cyanoacetate, Isatin, and Primary Amines under Microwave Irradiation.
Authors: Hatamjafari Farhad
Published: April 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Enantioselective Direct Aza Hetero‐Diels—Alder Reaction Catalyzed by Chiral Broensted Acids.
Authors: Liu Hua , Cun Lin‐Feng , Mi Ai‐Qiao , Jiang Yao‐Zhong , Gong Liu‐Zhu
Published: April 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Synthesis of New 3,4‐Di‐ and 1,2,3,4‐Tetrahydroquinazolin‐4‐one Derivatives and X‐Ray Diffraction Study of Crystal Solvates of 3‐Methylsulfonylamino‐2‐ (2‐methylsulfonylaminophenyl)‐1,2,3,4‐tetrahydroquinazolin‐4‐one.
Authors: Ukhin L. Yu. , Kuz'mina L. G.
Published: April 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Heterophase N‐Aminomethylation of 5‐Arylidenepseudothiohydantoins by Arylamines and Aqueous Formaldehyde in Aromatic Solvents: Effect of Substituents in the Heterocyclic Substrate and the Aryl Amine on the Efficiency of the Process.
Authors: Ramsh S. M. , Medvedskiy N. L. , Uryupov S. O.
Published: April 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Stable P‐Heterocyclic Carbenes: Scope and Limitations.
Authors: Masuda Jason D. , Martin David , Lyon‐Saunier Celine , Baceiredo Antoine , Gornitzka Heinz , Donnadieu Bruno , Bertrand Guy
Published: April 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
A Concise Total Synthesis of (.+‐.)‐Vigulariol.
Authors: Clark J. Stephen , Hayes Stewart T. , Wilson Claire , Gobbi Luca
Published: April 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Enantioselective Radical Addition Reactions to the C=N Bond Utilizing Chiral Quaternary Ammonium Salts of Hypophosphorous Acid in Aqueous Media.
Authors: Cho Dae Hyan , Jang Doo Ok
Published: April 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Convenient and Efficient Preparation of N‐Protected (α‐Aminoacyl)oxy‐Substituted Terpenes and Alkanes.
Authors: Katritzky Alan R. , Angrish Parul
Published: April 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Precursors of Chiral α‐Amino Anions: An Improved Synthesis of Chiral N‐(α‐Tributylstannylorgano)oxazolidin‐2‐ones Derived from (R)‐ or (S)‐Phenylglycinol.
Authors: Coeffard Vincent , Le Grognec Erwan , Beaudet Isabelle , Lepeltier Marc , Leat‐Crest Veronique , Quintard Jean‐Paul
Published: April 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Transglycosylation Through the Reduction of C‐1 Position of Sialic Acid.
Authors: Kikkawa Muneyoshi , Yoshino Teruo
Published: April 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
A Facile Two‐Step Synthesis of 8‐Arylated Guanosine Mono‐ and Triphosphates (8‐Aryl GXPs).
Authors: Collier Alice , Wagner Gerd
Published: April 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
RK‐95113, a New Angiogenesis Inhibitor Produced by Aspergillus fumigatus.
Authors: Asami Yukihiro , Kakeya Hideaki , Okada Gen , Toi Masakazu , Osada Hiroyuki
Published: April 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
New Materials for SRS Lasers
Authors: Basiev T. T. , Osiko V. V.
Published: April 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Lamellar Reaction Phenomena — From Intercalation to Nanomaterials Formation
Authors: McKelvy Michael J. , Sharma Renu , Chizmeshya Andrew V. G.
Published: April 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
High‐Yield Fabrication and Electrochemical Characterization of Tetrapodal CdSe, CdTe, and CdSexTe1‐x Nanocrystals
Authors: Li Yunchao , Zhong Haizheng , Li Rui , Zhou Yi , Yang Chunhe , Li Yongfang
Published: April 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Construction, Substitution, and Sorting of Metallo‐Organic Structures via Subcomponent Self‐Assembly
Authors: Nitschke Jonathan R.
Published: April 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
The Heck—Mizoroki Cross‐Coupling Reaction: A Mechanistic Perspective
Authors: Knowles Jonathan P. , Whiting Andrew
Published: April 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Functional Group Transformations at α‐Carbon to Trifluoromethyl Group
Authors: Katagiri Toshimasa , Uneyama Kenji
Published: April 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Synthesis with Retention of the Functional Group
Authors: Yamazaki T.
Published: April 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Steroids: Partial Synthesis in Medicinal Chemistry
Authors: Hanson James R.
Published: April 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Rhodium(I)‐ or Palladium(II)‐Catalyzed 1,4‐Additions of Organoboron, ‐silicon and ‐bismuth Compounds to Electron‐Deficient Alkenes
Authors: Yamamoto Yasunori , Nishikata Takashi , Miyaura Norio
Published: April 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Engineering Void Space in Organic van der Waals Crystals: Calixarenes Lead the Way
Authors: Dalgarno Scott J. , Thallapally Praveen K. , Barbour Leonard J. , Atwood Jerry L.
Published: April 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Chromogenic Cross‐Link Formation in Green Fluorescent Protein
Authors: Wachter Rebekka M.
Published: April 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Supramolecular DNA Recognition
Authors: Hannon Michael J.
Published: April 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Elucidation of Chiral Recognition Mechanism During Preferential and Diastereomeric Crystallizations, and Application to the Development and Utilization of Artificial Enantiopure Compounds
Authors: Saigo Kazuhiko
Published: April 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Cover Picture: A glucose derivative as natural alternative to the cyclohexane‐1,2‐diamine ligand in the anticancer drug oxaliplatin? (ChemMedChem 4/2007)
Authors: Berger Isabella , Nazarov Alexey A. , Hartinger Christian G. , Groessl Michael , Valiahdi Seied‐M. , Jakupec Michael A. , Keppler Bernhard K.
Published: April 2007

The cover picture shows a train charged with sugar driving into a tumor cell, representing the concept of a targeted transfer of a platinum—carbohydrate complex. The coupling of the sugar to the platinum moiety was carried out in the quest for more selective tumor‐inhibting drugs. For details, see the Full Paper by A. A. Nazarov, B. K. Keppler, et al. on p. 505 ff. (LEGO® DUPLO® train used with special permission. ©2007 The LEGO Group.)
Multivariate prediction of the probability of recurrence in patients with carcinoma of the parotid gland
Authors: Carrillo José F. , Vázquez Rafael , Ramírez‐Ortega Margarita C. , Cano Ana , Ochoa‐Carrillo Francisco J. , Oñate‐Ocaña Luis F.
Published: April 2007

BACKGROUND

Parotid gland carcinoma is an infrequent tumor, and series that report on these neoplasms are relatively scarce in the literature. The objective of the current study was to identify prognostic factors in patients with parotid gland carcinoma and to develop a method for defining the probability of recurrence.

METHODS

Patients with parotid gland carcinoma who were treated at the authors' institution from January 1981 through December 2004 and who completed treatment constituted the study group. Disease‐free survival was calculated by using the Kaplan‐Meier method. Logistic regression analysis was employed to define the recurrence‐associated prognostic factors.

RESULTS

One hundred twenty‐seven patients were included (64 men and 63 women); their mean age was 53 years. Mucoepidermoid carcinoma was diagnosed in 34.6% of patients, adenoid cystic was diagnosed in 15.7% of patients, adenocarcinoma was diagnosed in 14.3% of patients, and acinic cell carcinoma was diagnosed in 9.4% of patients. The median disease‐free survival was 8.3 years (95% confidence interval [95% CI], 4.3–12.2 years). Logistic regression analysis confirmed tumor classification, facial nerve palsy, grade of tumor differentiation, patient age, and surgical margins as recurrence‐associated factors (P < .00001). Using this model, 3 postoperative risk groups were defined—high‐risk, intermediate‐risk, and low‐risk—that had recurrence frequencies of 71.4%, 43.1%, and 8.8%, respectively (P = .0001). The 5‐year disease‐free survival rates for these groups were 18.7%, 53.9%, and 99.9%, respectively (P = .00001).

CONCLUSIONS

In this study, the authors identified several significant prognostic factors. Consequently, they have proposed a prognostic score categorization that allows for a straightforward calculation of the risk of recurrence for a given patient that may help to define therapeutic strategies, target patient counseling, and design future trials. Cancer 2007. © 2007 American Cancer Society.
Experimental and theoretical study of recovery mechanism of impurity effect by the addition of EDTA
Authors: Asakuma Y. , Nishimura M. , Kimura M. , Ang H. M. , Tade M. O. , Maeda K. , Fukui K.
Published: April 2007

The impurity effect by trivalent metal ion such as Al3+, Fe3+ and Cr3+ during crystal growth of KDP is reasonably well documented. If a metal ion is adsorbed onto the crystal surface, it prevents the step propagation relevant to the crystal growth rate. However, this impurity adsorption mechanism is still not well understood. Recently, in our work on the addition of chelate agents, a recovery effect of the metal ion adsorption was discovered. However, its recovery mechanism is not clearly understood both theoretically and phenomenally. In this research, ethylene‐diamine‐tetra‐acetic acid, EDTA, which is the most common chelate agent, was used as a recovery agent. The recovery mechanism was considered from the correlation of experimental data and the interfacial distribution model that we proposed in our former study. Furthermore, quantum calculation of EDTA metal complex can explain the relaxation of impurity adsorption by the addition of EDTA. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Probabilistic approach to protein crystal nucleation
Authors: Nanev Christo N. , Dimitrov Ivaylo
Published: April 2007

Simple probabilistic model for step‐wise growth of polymers is used for making some parallels with the nucleation of protein crystals. Although the considerations are made within 1D case, this approximation still shows some important peculiarities of protein crystal nucleation and growth. Thus, the present approach turns out to be useful for interpretation of some important experimental results regarding these processes. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
SiC crystal growth from transition metal silicide fluxes
Authors: Yang Guangyi , Wu Renbing , Gao Mingxia , Chen Jianjun , Pan Yi
Published: April 2007

SiC crystal growth in transition metal silicide melts was investigated by using spontaneous infiltration and solution methods. In the infiltration experiments, SiC powder preforms were infiltrated with FexSiy (Fe3Si, Fe5Si3 and FeSi) and CoSi melts. The dissolution and precipitation of SiC led to SiC crystals growth in the infiltrated Fe5Si3 and CoSi melts, SiC particles coalescing in FeSi and free carbon precipitation in Fe3Si. In the solution experiments, carbon from the graphite crucible dissolved in and reacted with FeSi2 and Ti2.3Si7.7 to form SiC crystals. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X‐ray diffraction (XRD) and Raman scattering spectrometer were employed to investigate SiC crystals growth. Based on the investigation, the effect of solution content on the SiC crystal growth, the growth mechanisms in both methods and prototypes of the SiC crystals are also discussed. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Growth of Nd:Sr3Ga2Ge4O14 crystals by a modified Bridgman method
Authors: Wu Anhua , Ding Jiaxuan , Xu Jiayue , Li Xinhua
Published: April 2007

Bridgman growth of Nd:SGG (Sr3Ga2Ge4O14) crystals has been investigated for the first time. Pt crucible of ∅︁25mm×250mm with a seed well of ∅︁10mm×80 mm is used, and seed is SGG crystal of ∅︁10mm×50mm grown by Bridgman method in advance. The growth parameters are optimized as the furnace temperature is set to 1450∼1500°C, temperature gradient in the crystal‐melt interface is less than 25 K/cm and growth rate is less than 0.5mm/h. The Nd:SGG crystals with 25mm in diameter and 60mm in length are grown successfully from 1.5 to 8at% Nd3+ doped stoichiometric Sr3Ga2Ge4O14 melt. The distribution coefficient and concentration of Nd3+ in Nd:SGG crystals are obviously higher than those of Nd:YAG crystal. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Template‐directed growth and characterization of flowerlike porous carbonated hydroxyapatite spheres
Authors: He Qian Jun , Huang Zhi Liang
Published: April 2007

Flowerlike porous carbonated hydroxyapatite (CHAp) spheres were synthesized by the template‐directed homogeneous precipitation method. The carbonate content of synthetic CHAp determined by carbon elemental analysis was about 1.50 wt/wt. FT‐IR and XRD were employed to analyze the chemical composition of porous CHAp and SEM was used to observe crystal morphology. We studied the effect of the concentration [Ca] and [P] on ingredient and structure, the effect of urea on hierarchical structure, and the effect of the template on morphology. The results suggested that the lower concentration of [Ca] and [P] was advantageous to purity and monodispersity, that the resultant would be prone to a fancy assembly of big flakes into disks at the lower concentration of urea, and that the aperture could be regulated from micrometer size to nanometer size via altering the concentration of the template. This porous material with the hierarchical structure exhibits especial surface characteristics and has a high surface area, showing potential applications. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Preparation and characterization of chemically deposited (Cd0.7‐Zn0.3)S:CdCl2,Gd nanocrystalline films
Authors: Shrivastava S. , Verma B.
Published: April 2007

Nanocrystalline films of (Cd0.7‐Zn0.3)S:CdCl2,Gd are prepared by chemical deposition technique on microscopic glass substrates with varied concentrations of capping agents thiophenol and methanol. The deposition is based on the principle of precipitation followed by condensation. Results of XRD, SEM, optical absorption spectra and photoluminescence emission spectra are presented. The crystalline nature of (Cd0.7‐Zn0.3)S:CdCl2,Gd was found by XRD studies in which different diffraction peaks of CdS and ZnS are observed. The SEM micrographs show long tubes and irregular distributions of particles in presence of capping agents. The blue shift observed from optical absorption spectra in the present case indicates a quantization effect. Band gaps are also found to increase due to particle size reduction. The photoluminescence emission spectra show shift of peaks in the lower wavelength side due to reduction in particle size. The particle sizes are determined from optical absorption and XRD studies. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Growth and characterization of semiorganic nonlinear optical tetrakis thiourea nickel chloride single crystals
Authors: Bhaskaran A. , Ragavan C. M. , Sankar R. , Mohankumar R. , Jayavel R.
Published: April 2007

A new nonlinear optical material tetrakis thiourea nickel chloride (TTNC) was synthesized and single crystals were grown from mixed solvent of water and isopropanol by both slow evaporation and slow cooling methods. The grown crystals were characterized by powder X‐ray diffraction analyses to confirm the crystal structure. The presence of functional groups and the coordination of metal ions to thiourea were confirmed by FTIR and Raman spectroscopy analyses. UV‐VIS spectrum was recorded to study the optical transparency of the grown crystals. Thermal properties of the crystals have been by investigated using thermo gravimetric (TG) and differential thermal analyses (DTA), which indicate that the material does not decompose before melting. The second order nonlinear optical property of the grown crystal was examined by Kurtz powder technique and mechanical behavior was studied by Vicker's microhardness test. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Synthesis, crystal structure and third order nonlinear optical properties of bis(tetra‐n‐propylammonium) bis(2‐thioxo‐1,3‐dithiole‐4,5‐dithiolato)cuprate(II)
Authors: Guo W. F. , Sun X. B. , Sun J. , Yu W. T. , Wang X. Q. , Zhang G. H. , Xu D.
Published: April 2007

A novel bis (dmit) complex of copper (II), [(C3H7)4N]2[Cu(dmit)2] (1), where dmit is 2‐thioxo‐1,3‐dithiole‐4,5‐dithiolate, was prepared and structurally characterized by X‐ray single crystal diffraction. The copper (II) atom is tetracoordinated by four dmit S atoms, forming a nearly square planar arrangement. The [Cu(dmit)2]2‐ anions and the [(C3H7)4N]+ counter‐cations form a three‐dimensional solid‐state structure by C–H…S hydrogen bonds. The third‐order nonlinear optical properties of the complex were determined by picosecond Z‐scan technique at a wavelength of 1064 nm. The results indicate the compound exhibits reverse saturation absorption and self‐defocusing performance. The molecular second‐order hyperpolarizability γ is calculated to be as high as (1.8±0.2)×10‐30 esu. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)