bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ANTI‐IgG ANTIBODIES IN JUVENILE RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS
Authors: EGESKJOLD ELSE‐MARIE , PERMIN HENRIK , HØRBOV STEEN , GRAUDAL HANS
Published: January 2008

ABSTRACT. Egeskjold, E.‐M., Permin, H., Hørbov, S. and Graudal, H. (Rheumatism Research Unit of Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark). Anti‐IgG antibodies in juvenile rheumatoid arthritis. Acta Paediatr Scand, 70:711,.–Sixty‐two patients, 48 children and 14 adults, with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (JRA) and 62 age and sex matched controls were studied for anti‐IgG antibodies of the classes IgG, IgM and IgA by an indirect immunofluorescence method. 88 % of 48 children =≤16 years and in 64 % of 14 patients >16 years with JRA against 2 % of the controls. IgM anti‐IgG occurred inIgG anti‐IgG occurred in 4 % of the children, in 24 % of the adults and in 2 % of the controls. IgA anti‐IgG occurred in 2 % of the patients and in none of the controls. The prevalence of IgG anti‐IgG was the same in pauciarticular, polyarticular and systemic cases, whereas the titres were higher in polyarticular than in pauciarticular cases, and higher in children with a disease duration of more than 5 years. Higher titres were related to higher ESR and lower hemoglobin values. The relationship of higher titres to clinically active disease was not statistically significant. No relationship was found to age, sex, age at onset, or to the dureation of disease. The titres were not related to the concentrations of serum IgG or to the titres of antinuclear antibodies. IgG anti‐IgG are common to all the clinical types of JRA, whereas antinuclear antibodies separate the systemic type from pauci‐ and polyarthritis. Their possible pathogenic significance must therefore be different.
METABOLIC EFFECTS OF OBSTETRIC REGIONAL ANALGESIA AND OF ASPHYXIA IN THE NEWBORN INFANT DURING THE FIRST TWO HOURS AFTER BIRTH: I. Arterial Blood Glucose Concentrations
Authors: SWANSTROM S. , BRATTEBY L.‐E.
Published: January 2008

Abstract. Swanstrom, S. and Bratteby, L.‐E. (Perinatal Research Unit of the Department of Paediatrics and the Unit of Paediatric Physiology of the Department of Clinical Physiology, University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden). Metabolic effects of regional analgesia and of asphyxia in the newborn infant during the first two hours after birth. I. Arterial blood glucose concentration. Acta Paediatr Scand, 70: 791, 1981. Effects of obstetric regional analgesia and of asphyxia on the arterial blood glucose concentrations were inestigated in 83 newborn infants divided into a control group, an asphyxia group, a continuous epidural, and a paracervical + pudendal block group. Lidocaine was used in the analgesia groups. All infants except those of the asphyxia group had 1‐minute Apgar scores ≥7. 1) In the asphyxiated infants high blood glucose values and strong correlations between blood glucose concentrations and different signs of asphyxia (Apgar score, base deficit and lactate) were found. 2) In infants whose mothers were given regional analgesia the results were: (a) high glucose values in 20 % of the infants and an association between increased glucose concentrations in these infants and signs of fetal distress, (b) low blood glucose values (< 1.67 mmol/1) in 27 % of the infants. It is recommended that the blood glucose is checked in the newborns after obstetric regional analgesia.
METABOLIC EFFECTS OF OBSTETRIC REGIONAL ANALGESIA AND OF ASPHYXIA IN THE NEWBORN INFANT DURING THE FIRST TWO HOURS AFTER BIRTH: III. Adjustment of Arterial Blood Gases and Acid‐base Balance
Authors: SWANSTRöM S. , BRATTEBY L.‐E.
Published: January 2008

Abstract. S. Swanström and L.‐E. Bratteby. (Perinatal Research Unit, Department of Paediatrics and Unit of Paediatric Physiology, Department of Clinical Physiology, University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden). Metabolic effects of obstetric regional analgesia and of asphyxia in the newborn infant during the first two hours after birth. III. Adjustment of arterial blood gases and acid‐base balance. Acta Paediatr Scand, 70: 811, 1981.‐Effects of obstetric regional analgesia and of asphyxia on the arterial blood gases and acid‐base balance in the first two hours after birth were investigated in 85 newborn infants divided into a control group, an asphyxia group and a continuous epidural, an intermittent epidural and a paracer‐vical + pudendal block group. Lidocaine was the drug used in the analgesia groups. In the asphyxia group the metabolic acidosis decreased and pH was normalized to the level of the control group between 10 and 30 min after birth. During this period in the asphyxia group Pao2 was higher than and Paco2 similar to the corresponding control values. Compared with the control group, in the regional analgesia groups the metabolic acidosis tended to be less extensive and Pao2 higher, whereas Paco2 was similar. A lower packed red cell volume in the asphyxia and in the regional analgesia groups, probably due to differences in placental transfusion, may have had influence on the results. Within the regional analgesia groups infants with hyperglycemia showed signs of an increased metabolic acidosis while infants with hypoglycemia had low base deficit and lactate values supporting the assumtion that neonatal blood glucose concentration may reflect perinatal distress.
RISK OF CYTOMEGALOVIRUS INFECTION IN NURSES AND CONGENITAL INFECTION IN THEIR OFFSPRING
Authors: AHLFORS K. , IVARSSON S.‐A. , JOHNSSON T. , RENMARKER K.
Published: January 2008

Abstract. Ahlfors, K., Ivarsson, S.‐A., Johnsson, T. (†) and Renmarker, K. (Department of Clinical Virology and Department of Paediatrics, University of Lund, Malmö General Hospital, Malmö, and the Department of Personnel Health Care, Malmö, Sweden). Risk of cytomegalovirus infection in nurses and congenital infection in their offspring. Acta Paediatr Scand, 70: 819, 1981.‐The risk of contracting cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection in nursing of infants and of congenital CMV infection in infants born to such nursing personnel were investigated. The investigation comprised 292 women working in paediatric clinics or day nurseries and a control group of 163 women who had no professional contact with infants. Among the women younger than 25, those who had tended infants for more than six months were significantly (p<0.001) more often seropositive for CMV than were those‐mainly student nurses‐with less than six months' infant nursing service, but not more often than control women. At ages above 25 there was no intergroup difference in regard to CMV tests. Seroconversion was rare and there was no demonstrable difference between the groups. In a separate study the occupation of 36 mothers of infants with congenital CMV infection was investigated. Compared to a control group no overrepresentation of nurses was found. All six congenitally infected infants born to nurses developed normally.
HYPERLIPEMIA AMONG 1 407 DANISH CHILDREN WHOSE FATHERS HAVE DIED FROM ISCHEMIC HEART DISEASE BEFORE AGE 45
Authors: ANDERSEN G. E. , HEJL M. , CHRISTENSEN N. C. , BOTT H. , LOUS P. , FRIIS‐HANSEN B.
Published: January 2008

ABSTRACT

Andersen, G. E., Hejl, M., Christensen, N. C, Bott, H., Lous, P. and Friis‐Hansen, B. (Neonatal Department, Rigshospitalet and the Department of Clinical Chemistry, Bispebjerg Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark). Hyperlipemia among 1407 Danish children whose fathers have died from ischemic heart disease before age 45. Acta Paediatr Scand, 70: 843, 1981.‐1407 children whose fathers had died from ischemic heart disease before age 45 were investigated. 15 % had hypercholesterolemia and 8 % hypertriglyceridemia at visit 1. At visit 2 and 3 this number of children with hyperlipemia fell to a minimum of 3 % and 1.4 %, resp. which is around 10 times higher than in a reference population. 1.8 % of the children had familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) which is 10–15 times higher than in a reference population. These findings indicate that serum lipids should always be measured in children from such coronary heart risk families, and a decision made whether or not their permanent hyperlipemia should be treated.
NEURONAL CEROIDLIPOFUSCINOSIS: CCT FINDINGS IN FOURTEEN PATIENTS
Authors: LAGENSTEIN I. , SCHWENDEMANN G. , KÜHNE D. , KOEPP P. , STAHNKE N. , STERNOWSKY H.‐J.
Published: January 2008

Abstract. Lagenstein, I., Schwendemann, G., Kühne, D., Koepp, P., Stahnke, N., Sternowsky, H.‐J. (The Children's Hospital, Department of Neuropathology and Neuroradiology, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, FRG). Neuronal ceroidlipofuscinosis: CCT findings in 14 patients. Acta Paediatr Scand, 70: 857, 1981.‐CTT was performed in 14 children/ adolescents with juvenile ceroid lipofuscinosis (JNCL) at different stages of the disease. CCT was normal in 7 patients; mildly abnormal in 3, clearly abnormal in another 3 and severely abnormal in 1 patient. Characteristic findings were symmetrical enlargement of subarachnoid spaces and of the lateral and third ventricles. White matter showed no changes in density. In later stages also the fourth ventricle was enlarged and cerebellar atrophy was seen. CCT findings were not closely correlated with onset and/or severity of the neurological abnormalities. CCT findings were positively correlated with age of the patients: CCT was usually normal if patients were less than 10 years old, and usually abnormal if patients were more than 14 years old.
CHILDREN OF FEMALE RENAL TRANSPLANT RECIPIENTS
Authors: RASMUSSEN P. , FASTH A. , AHLMEN J. , BRYNGER H. , IWARSON S. , KJELLMER I.
Published: January 2008

Abstract. Rasmussen, P., Fasth, A., Ahlmén, J., Brynger, H., Iwarson, S. and Kjellmer, I. (Departments of Paediatrics I and II, Surgery I and Infectious diseases and Division of Nephrology, University of Göteborg, Göteborg, Sweden). Children of female renal transplant recipients. Acta Paediatr Scand, 70: 869, 1981.‐Results of follow‐up of 5 children, aged 4.5–9 years, who were born to kidney transplanted mothers are presented. Various immunological parameters were mainly within normal limits with the possible exception of 1 child who exhibited a granulocytopenia which normalized at about 5 years of age. Three children whose mothers were carriers of HBsAg during and after pregnancy have become antigen carriers and show slightly elevated levels of liver transferases. One child has a cardiac anomaly and signs of slight neurological dysfunction. In other respects the children are well and show normal psychomotor and somatic development. The rather sparse information from the literature regarding this group of children indicates a surprisingly low frequency of severe physical complications.
THE VALUE OF LEVEL DIAGNOSIS OF CHILDHOOD URINARY TRACT INFECTION IN PREDICTING RENAL INJURY
Authors: PYLKKÄNEN J. , VILSKA J. , KOSKIMIES O.
Published: January 2008

Abstract. Pylkkänen, J., Vilska, J. and Koskimies, O. (The Children's Hospital, University of Helsinki, Finland). The value of level diagnosis of childhood urinary tract infection in predicting renal injury. Acta Paediatr Scand, 70: 879, 1981.‐252 infants and children were followed for 2 years after their first urinary tract infection. Each symptomatic infection was determined by simple laboratory examinations as upper pyelonephritic or lower urinary tract infection. I.v. urography was done at the beginning of the follow‐up and 2 years later; micturating cystourethrography was taken after the third infection at the latest. Urological abnormalities were found in 26 patients (10 %), and 12 subjects (5 %) developed renal scars during the study. Patients, who had their first upper urinary tract infection before the age of 12 months, numbered 93, and 19 of them had urological abnormalities and 10 scars. Two renal scars occurred among the 71 subjects with their first pyelonephritic infection after the age of 12 months. No renal injury was detected in the 88 infants and children with lower symptomatic urinary tract infection or asymptomatic bacteriuria. The determination of the level of the infection may be a useful aid in detecting the harmful scar‐forming urinary tract infections. Infants with a pyelonephritic infection are at high risk, and in need of an early urological evaluation.
THE LENGTH OF ANTIMICROBIAL THERAPY IN UPPER VS. LOWER URINARY TRACT INFECTION OF CHILDHOOD
Authors: PYLKKÄNEN J. , VILSKA J. , KOSKIMIES O.
Published: January 2008

Abstract. Pylkkänen, J., Vilska, J. and Koskimies, O. (The Children's Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland). The length of antimicrobial therapy in upper vs. wer urinary tract infection of childhood. Acta Paediatr Scand, 70: 885, 1981.‐235 infants and children were randomized to a 10‐day and 42‐day treatment group and followed‐up for 12 months after their first urinary tract infection. The anatomical level of each symptomatic infection was determined using simple laboratory criteria. The two regimens prescribed were equally effective in eradicating the infection, but after the discontinuation of the 10‐day treatment with sulfafurazole, 17 (23%) of 73 patients with their first upper urinary tract infection experienced a recurrence within one month, as compared to only one (1) of 76 subjects in the 42‐day therapy group. After the phase of early recurrence, there was no difference in recurrence rate between these groups. The early recurrences were associated with the patient's early age and a short duration of symptoms before therapy. The recurrence rate of first lower UTI after 10‐day therapy was significantly lower than that after 42‐day treatment. The duration of antimicrobial therapy for childhood urinary tract infection should be adjusted according to the patient's age and the anatomical level of the infection. 10‐day treatment may not be sufficient to prevent early recurrence of pyelonephritic infections in infants under 6 months of age.
EFFECT ON SERUM CALCIUM OF lα‐HYDROXY‐VITAMIN D3 SUPPLEMENTATION IN INFANTS OF LOW BIRTH WEIGHT, INFANTS WITH PERINATAL ASPHYXIA, AND INFANTS OF DIABETIC MOTHERS
Authors: PETERSEN STEN , CHRISTENSEN NIELS CHR. , FOGH‐ANDERSEN NIELS
Published: January 2008

Abstract. Petersen, S., Christensen, N. Chr. and Fogh‐Andersen, N. (Department of Neonatology and Department of Clinical Chemistry, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark). Effect on serum calcium of lα‐hydroxy‐vitamin D3 supplementation in infants of low birth weight, infants with perinatal asphyxia, and infants of diabetic mothers. Acta Paediatr Scand, 70: 897, 1981.‐Thirty infants of low birth weight, 34 infants with perinatal asphyxia, and 16 infants of diabetic mothers were investigated for early neonatal hypocalcaemia. The infants were randomized into a group prophylactically given lα‐hydroxy‐vitamin D3, 0.05 or 0.10 μ/kg i.v. on the first 3 days of life, and an untreated control group. In infants of low birth weight and infants of diabetic mothers there were no differences in serum ion‐Ca concentrations on days 2, 3, 5, and 7 between the treated and untreated groups. In infants with perinatal asphyxia, however, serum ion‐Ca concentrations on days 5 and 7 were significantly higher in the treated than in the untreated group, while on days 2 and 3 the differences were not statistically significant. The hypocalcaemia in asphyctic infants was not correlated to bicarbonate treatment, but infarits with severe signs of asphyxia had lower serum ion‐Ca concentrations than infants with only mild or no signs. Hypocalcaemia in asphyctic infants might be explained by a decreased concentration of 1 α, 25‐dihydroxy‐vitamin D3 following reduced lα‐hydroxylation in the kidney as a consequence of anoxia during perinatal asphyxia.
FOREARM BONE MINERAL CONTENT IN CHILDREN Normative Data
Authors: LANDIN L. , NILSSON BO E.
Published: January 2008

Abstract. Landin, L. and Nilsson, B. E. (Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Lund, Malmö General Hospital, Malmö, Sweden). Forearm bone mineral content in children‐Normative data. Acta Paediatr Scand, 70: 919, 1981.‐The bone mineral content in the forearm was measured by gamma‐absorptiometry in 131 normal children. The bone mineral content was closely related to age, height and weight, to the size of forearm and to the force of the forearm muscles. By correcting for the dimensions of the bones a parameter of density (mass/volume) was calculated. This variable also increased with age. Knowing the necessary corrections factors gamma‐absorptiometry could be a useful and harmless method for bone mineral assessment in children with various diseases.
HYPERLYSINEMIA WITHOUT CLINICAL FINDINGS
Authors: OZALP IMRAN , HASANOGLU A. , TUNCBJLEK E. , YALAZ K.
Published: January 2008

Abstract. Özalp, I., Hasanoĝlu, A., Tunçbilek G. and Yalaz, K. (Institute of Child Health, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey). Hyperlysinemia without clinical findings. Acta Paediatr Scand, 70: 951, 1981.‐A three‐year‐old asymptomatic boy with hyperlysinemia is presented. The patient's plasma lysine levels have been constantly high (685‐1 370 μmol/l) and excessive urinary excretion of ornithine, arginine and cystine have been noted. There was no detectable activity of lysine‐ketoglutarate reductase nor saccharopine dehydrogenase in skin fibroblast culture. Review of the reported cases and this patient with serious biochemical defect but without symptoms indicate clinical heterogeneity in hereditary hyperlysinemia.
PROSTAGLANDIN SYNTHETASE INHIBITORS IN THE TREATMENT OF NEPHROGENIC DIABETES INSIPIDUS
Authors: MONN E.
Published: January 2008

Abstract. Monn, E. (Department of Paediatrics, Rikshospitalet, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway). Prostaglandin synthetase inhibitors in the treatment of nephrogenic diabetes insipidus. Acta Paediatr Scand, 70:39, 1981.–Two boys with classical ND1 have been treated with prostaglandin synthetase inhibitors. A boy, 7 years old, was treated with low solute‐load diet and diuretics from his first year of life. His main complaint was nocturnal enuresis. He responded within one day to indomethacin 25 nig twice daily, and the urine volume was reduced from 4½‐6 litre/day to 2½‐3 litre/day. There is almost no enuresis. A boy, 7 months old, had a basal daily urine volume of 1.6‐1.8 litre. A low solute‐load diet and diuretics reduced urine volume to 1 litre, but he still needed gastric tube feeding. With the addition of acetylsalicylic acid, 75 mg three times daily, the urine volume was reduced to 600 ml, and he needed no more tube feeding. Both boys are doing well on the above‐mentioned regimens, and no side effects have been observed after 1 year of treatment.
OMPHALOCELE and GASTROSCHISIS IN SWEDEN 1965–1976
Authors: LINDHAM S.
Published: January 2008

Abstract. Lindham. S. (Department of Paediatric Surgery, Karolinska Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden). Omphalocele and gastroschisis in Sweden 1965–1976. Acta Paediatr Scand, 70:55, 1981.–The present investigation supports the view that omphalocele and gastroschisis are two different congenital malformations. They differ not only anatomically but also regarding the incidence of concomitant malformations, sex ratio and maternal age. There has been a significant increase in the incidence of gastroschisis in Sweden during the period 1965–1976 but no corresponding increase in the incidence of omphalocele. The incidence of abdominal wall defects in stillborn is twenty times higher than in liveborn children.
NEUROBLASTOMA
Authors: CARLSEN N. L. T. , NIELSEN O. H. , HERTZ H.
Published: January 2008

Abstract. Carlsen, N. L. T., Nielsen, O. H. and Hertz, H. (Departments of Paediatrics and Paediatrie Surgery, University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark). Neuroblastoma. Acta Paediatr Scand, 70:61, 1981–60 cases of neuroblastoma from the departments of paediatrics and paediatrie surgery, Rigshospitalet, are reviewed. The overall cure rate was 35%. In localized disease (stages I–II) the prognosis was favourable (cure rate 78%), while the prognosis for disseminated disease (stages III‐IV) was poor (cure rate 10.8%). Neuroblastomas in stage IV‐S had a favourable prognosis in spite of metastases to the liver, skin and bone marrow. The clinical stage at the time of diagnosis was the only independent prognostic factor in this study.
INTERMEDIATE DOSE METHOTREXATE (IDM) IN CHILDHOOD ACUTE LYMPHOCYTIC LEUKEMIA IN NORWAY
Authors: MOE P. J. , SEIP M. , FINNE P. H.
Published: January 2008

Abstract. Moe, P. J., Seip, M. and Finne, P. H. (Departments of Paediatrics, Universities of Trondheim and Tromsø, Department of Paediatrics, Rikshospitalet, Oslo and Department of Paediatrics, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway). Intermediate dose methotrexate (IDM) in childhood acute lymphocytic leukemia in Norway. Acta Paediatr Scand, 70:73, 1981–Preliminary results of a national treatment program. The main objectives of this study were: 1. To determine whether early start of CNS prophylaxis with intrathecal methotrexate during induction treatment, followed by three courses of IDM plus intrathecal methotrexate after remission has been obtained, offers adequate protection against CNS‐leukemia. 2. To determine whether the use of IDM with leukovorin rescue as “sanctuary” therapy following remission reduced the incidence of sanctuary relapse and thereby also the incidence of hematological relapse. It has proved possible to institute this program on a national basis with good results, even in small departments treating 0–3 new cases of leukemia a year. Sixty‐six children (38 boys, 28 girls) with acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL), diagnosed in the years 1976‐78, had received IDM while they were in complete primary remission. During the same period 13 additional cases of ALL were diagnosed in Norway, 4 (5% of 79 cases) of whom did not achieve complete remission, while 4 died early from infections, one received no treatment, and 4 were treated with other protocols. Life tables of patients in complete continuous remission (CCR) and survival tables are presented for standard risk patients and increased risk patients, respectively, and for all 66 together. Among these 66, 40 had been observed for 2½ years or more by January 1980. Of these 29 (72.5%) were still in CCR, and in 24 antileukemic treatment had been discontinued. So far there has been a total of 7 systemic, 2 CNS and 1 combined systemic and CNS relapses among the 66 cases diagnosed in the period 1976‐78. No testicular or other sanctuary relapses have been seen among these 66 cases, nor among the remaining 13 cases with the diagnosis of ALL in childhood in Norway during the years 1976‐78. The cessation rate of antileukemic treatment will probably be 70–75 % of all cases receiving IDM while in complete remission, and about 60 % of the total material diagnosed in 1976‐78 as ALL in childhood in Norway.
MATERNAL and INFANTILE INFECTION WITH CHLAMYDIA IN A SWEDISH POPULATION
Authors: PERSSON K. , RÖNNERSTAM R. , SVANBERG L. , HOLMBERG L.
Published: January 2008

Abstract. Persson, K., Rönnerstam, R., Svanberg, L. and Holmberg, L. (Departments of Clinical Virology, Ophthalmology, Gynaecology and Paediatrics, University of Lund, Malmö General Hospital, Sweden). Maternal and infantile infection with chlamydia in a Swedish population. Acta Paediatr Scand, 70:101, 1981.–Chlamydia trachomatis was isolated from 2.4% of 1328 puerperal women. The frequency was highest in the age group below 20 years and thereafter decreased with increasing age. Chlamydial conjunctivitis was confirmed in 0.4% of the infants. Two additional cases of conjunctivitis occurred among the exposed infants but chlamydia cultures were not obtained. In a separate oph‐thalmological material of neonatal conjunctivitis a third of the cases developing within the first month of life was associated with chlamydia. The early and sharp incidence peak for chlamydial conjunctivitis suggested that transmission occurred at delivery. No cases of chlamydial pneumonia were noted. Peroral chemotherapy is recommended in infants for systemic eradication of C. trachomatis.
SERUM LIPIDS AND LIPOPROTEINS AT BIRTH BASED ON A STUDY OF 2815 NEWOKN INFANTS
Authors: Hardell L. I.
Published: January 2008

Abstract. In a consecutive series of 2 815 newborn infants the triglyceride (TG) and cholesterol (CHOL) concentrations were determined in total cord serum and in high density lipoprotein (HDL) containing serum after precipitation of very low (VLDL) and low density lipoproteins (LDL) with heparin manganese chloride. The serum Concentrations of TG and CHOL in VLDL+LDL were calculated as the differences between the concentrations in total serum and HDL. By multiple, stepwise, linear regression analysis the influence of various factors during pregnancy and delivery on the serum concentrations of TG and CHOL totally and in lipoproteins was investigated. All investigated factors had only minor or no influence on the lipid concentrations. For CHOL the sex was the variable with the highest coefficient of determination. Infants of diabetic mothers had a higher serum con centration of total and HDL CHOL. Gestational age, Apgar score, duration of labour, maternal blood pressure and dysmaturity showed a positive and birth weight a negative correlation with the TG content in total serum and lipoproteins. These factors did not, how ever, explain all the high serum concentrations of TG and CHOL, either totally or in lipo proteins. It is concluded that other factors are more important than materno‐foetal complica tions in determining the lipid and lipoprotein levels at birth.
SERUM LIPIDS AND LIPOPROTEINS IN THE SECOND YEAR OF LIFE AND IN PARENTS OF NEWBORNS WITH RAISED SERUM OR LIPOPROTEIN LIPIDS
Authors: Hardell L. I.
Published: January 2008

Abstract. From a population of 2815 newborns, 704 infants were reinvestigated in the second year of life, together with their parents. The infants comprised a randomly selected reference group and six groups with concentrations of triglycerides (TG) or cholesterol (CHOL) at birth above the 90th percentile in total serum, the sum of very low and low (VLDL+LDL) or high density lipoproteins (HDL). Venous blood was collected after an overnight fast. Concentrations of TG and CHOL were determined in total serum and in HDL‐containing serum after precipitation of VLDL and LDL. No correlation was observed between the lipid concentrations at birth and at the age of one year. Nor was any correlation found between the concentrations in newborns and those in their parents. Girls with elevated concentrations of total or VLDL+LDL CHOL at birth and their mothers had a higher serum concentration of CHOL at follow‐up than those in the reference group. Boys and girls with an elevated HDL CHOL concentration at birth and their mothers had a higher serum concentration of HDL CHOL at follow‐up than those in the reference group. Other relations were also found between the CHOL concentrations at birth, at the age of one year and the concentrations in parents. An increased number of families with elevated CHOL concentrations—values in both infant and at least one parent above the 95th percentile of the lipid concentrations in the reference group—was found in all groups with an elevated CHOL concentration at birth. Most of the families found in the group with an elevated total CHOL concentration had either elevated VLDL+LDL CHOL (5 of 9) or elevated HDL CHOL (3/9). Of the seven families found in the group with elevated VLDL+LDL CHOL levels at birth, only four had an elevated total CHOL concentration and of the 13 families found in the group with elevated HDL CHOL, two had an elevated total CHOL concentration. For TG, no differences were found between the reference group and the other groups, nor was there any increased frequency of elevated TG Concentration in the groups defined by high TG values at birth. This study shows that there are certain relations between elevated CHOL concentrations at birth and later in life. It also shows that it is necessary to determine the serum concentration of lipids in the lipoproteins before a reliable evaluation of hyper‐lipidaemia can be made.
PHENYTOIN AND IgA CONCENTRATIONS IN PLASMA AND SALIVA IN EPILEPTIC CHILDREN
Authors: MODEER T. , TOMSON G. , FALK O. , RANE A.
Published: January 2008

ABSTRACT. Modéer, T., Tomson, G., Falk, O. and Rane, A. (Departments of Pedodontics, Clinical Pharmacology and Paediatrics at the Karolinska Institute (Odontological clinics and Huddinge University Hospital), Sweden). Phenytoin and IgA concentrations in plasma and saliva in epileptic children. Acta Paediatr Scand, 70:373, 1981.–The concentrations of immunoglobulin A (IgA) and phenytoin were determined in 36 epileptic children with a mean age of 11 years. There was a good correlation between the plasma and saliva concentrations of phenytoin (r=0.94). The concentration of phenytoin and IgA showed little variation during the dosage interval. The phenytoin treated children did not differ with respect to the concentration of IgA in saliva in comparison to the controls.
NORMAL MICROBICIDAL FUNCTION OF MONOCYTES IN A GIRL WITH CHRONIC GRANULOMATOUS DISEASE
Authors: WEEMAES C. , LEIJH P. , ALBLAS D. BLUSSÉ VAN OUD , MEER J. VAN DER , FURTH R. VAN
Published: January 2008

ABSTRACT. Weemaes, C., (Department of Paediatrics, University Hospital, Nijmegen, The Netherlands), Leijh, P., Blusse van Oud Alblas, D., van der Meer, J. and van Furth, R. (Department of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital, Leiden, The Netherlands). Normal microbicidal function of monocytes in a girl with chronic granulomatous disease. Acta Paediatr Scand, 70:421, 1981.–The history of a 13‐year‐old girl with a syndrome resembling Chronic Granulomatous Disease (C.G.D.) is described. Metabolic studies in granulocytes and monocytes classified the patient as having C.G.D. The granulocytes failed to kill Staphylococcus aureus and Candida Albicans; however, the killing of these microorganisms by the patient's monocytes was nearly normal. Family studies revealed no abnormalities in the phagocytic cells of the parents and the siblings.
BENIGN CONGENITAL ERYTHROPENIA
Authors: WEBER T. H. , HEKALI R. , WEGELIUS R.
Published: January 2008

ABSTRACT. Weber, T. H., Hekali, R. and Wegelius, R. (Clinical Laboratory and Department of Pediatrics, Aurora Hospital, and Finnish Blood Transfusion Service, Helsinki, Finland). Benign congenital erythropenia. Acta Paediatr Scand. 70:431, 1981.–Normochromic anaemia was diagnosed in two brothers in early infancy. At the time of this report they were aged 10 (M. H.) and 12 (T. H.) years. A defect of the atrial septum was found in both patients. They had slight skeletal malformations. Their haemoglobin values have remained constantly at the level of about 100 g/l and the RBC count at about 3.5±1012/l. At repeated examinations, both the patients and their parents had low or borderline low erythrocyte enolase levels. Erythropoietin levels were normal and so were numerous other laboratory tests, including analysis for abnormal haemoglobins. The condition could represent a mild form of chronic congenital hypoplastic anaemia.
METABOLIC EVENTS IN INFANTS OF DIABETIC MOTHERS DURING FIRST 24 HOURS AFTER BIRTH II.
Authors: ANDERSEN G. E. , HERTEL J. , KÜHL C. , MØLSTED‐PEDERSEN L.
Published: January 2008

ABSTRACT. Changes in plasma glycerol (FG), free fatty acids (FFA) and triglyceride (TG) were studied in 24 normo‐ and 8 hypoglycemic infants of diabetic mothers (IDM). In both groups a normal rise in plasma FG 2 hours after birth was found indicating unimpaired lipolysis. The rise in plasma FFA, however, was only about 50% of normal in normoglycemic IDM and about 25% of normal in hypoglycemic IDM. The rise in plasma TG was normal in normoglycemic and about 70% of normal in hypoglycemic IDM. The 2 hour rise in plasma FFA correlated with the 2 hour concentration of insulin and glucose, whereas the rise in plasma FG and TG did not. Maternal plasma FFA correlated with fetal FFA retention (unbilical vein minus artery (V‐A) FFA concentrations). No correlations were found between maternal plasma FFA values and birth‐weights nor between umbilical V‐A FFA concentrations and birth‐weights.
IMMUNOLOGIC CONSEQUENCES OF FEEDING INFANTS WITH COW MILK AND SOY PRODUCTS
Authors: MAY C. D. , FOMON S. J. , REMIGIO L.
Published: January 2008

ABSTRACT. Various products and regimens proposed for feeding infants when the mother's milk is not available have been evaluated intensively for capacity to achieve optimal nutrition. The immunologic consequences of feeding the foreign proteins contained in the various products have received much less attention and no systematic investigations have been done for comparable immunologic evaluation. Sera obtained at intervals from normal infants fed cow milk and soybean products from birth in different regimens were analyzed for antibodies to five major milk proteins and a soy protein isolate. Antibody levels increased slowly during the first 4 months, reaching a peak about 6 months of age. In infants fed cow milk products or a soy product from birth to 112 days of age and then given various cow milk products the following antibody responses were observed: The level of serum antibodies attained was highest with pasteurized cow milk and lower with heat‐treated cow milk or a milk base formula of lower protein content. Feeding a soy product from birth for 112 days did not prevent a brisk antibody response to cow milk introduced subsequently, comparable to or greater than the antibody response seen when cow milk products were fed from birth. Clinically no immunologic disorders were detected in association with antibody responses to the various products and regimens. The implications of the findings for infant feeding and immunologic disorders are discussed.
STIMULATION OF SODIUM AND WATER ABSORPTION BY SUCROSE IN THE RAT SMALL INTESTINE
Authors: PATRA F. C. , MAHALANABIS D. , JALAN K. N.
Published: January 2008

ABSTRACT. This study describes the absorption of Na, K, CI, H2O and sugars from an isosmotic sucrose electrolyte solution and compares it with the absorption of these substances from an isosmotic glucose electrolyte solution and a mannitol electrolyte solution, by an in vivo perfusion technique in the rat jejunum and ileum. The composition of the solutions was similar to the oral rehydrating solutions, currently in use for the treatment of acute diarrhoeal diseases. The study shows that an isosmotic sucrose containing electrolyte solution induces a significantly greater Na, CI, and K absorption compared to glucose electrolyte solution. Water absorption however, is significantly less from the former solution probably due to osmotic drag of water into the lumen by the slowly absorbed fructose released from sucrose hydrolysis. These findings underline the clinical importance of using hyposmotic sucrose electrolyte solution for oral rehydration.
THE FIRST INFANT TO SURVIVE A GENERALIZED BCG INFECTION
Authors: KÄLLENIUS GUNILLA , MÖLLER ERNA , RINGDÉN OLLE , STRANDVIK BIRGITTA , SUNDELIN PÄR
Published: January 2008

ABSTRACT. A 17‐month‐old boy who contracted a severe generalized BCG infection is reported. He was treated for 2 years with streptomycin, isoniazide and rifampicin and is now, at the age of 5 years, apparently cured. The boy had an unexplained discrepancy between humoral and cellular PPD reactivity for several years, but conventional immunological studies including plasma immunoglobulin levels, blast transformation as well as MLC reactivity were all normal. This is, to the best of our knowledge, the first child reported who has survived a generalized BCG infection.
SUDDEN INFANT DEATH IN COPENHAGEN 1956–1971
Authors: JØRGENSEN T. , BIERING‐SØRENSEN F. , HILDEN JØRGEN
Published: January 2008

ABSTRACT. 131 cases of the Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS) among infants born in the Municipality of Copenhagen in 1956‐71 were analysed on the basis of data collected prospectively by the infant health visitors. Compared with living controls, the frequency of maturity and the mean birth weight and length were lower among the SIDS infants. After making the SIDS and control groups comparable with respect to birth weight and type of feeding, we found a tendency towards a slower growth rate among the SIDS victims. The SIDS victims started to smile and prattle later than controls, while there was no difference as regards the average age at which the infants became able to hold their heads. It is concluded that the differencses are so small and the individual variations so wide that birth weight and length, growth rate, and psychomotor development will not be useful predictors of the SIDS.
CIRCULATORY ADAPTATION IN NEWBORN INFANTS OF STRICTLY CONTROLLED DIABETIC MOTHERS
Authors: FREYSCHUSS U. , GENTZ J. , NOACK G. , PERSSON B.
Published: January 2008

ABSTRACT. Possible relations between neonatal circulatory function and maternal diabetic control were investigated in 22 infants of strictly controlled diabetic mothers during the first 2 days after birth. Eleven infants were delivered vaginally (V) and 11 infants by elective cesarean section (S). Maternal diabetes was more severe in the latter group. Half of the infants had one or more episodes of neonatal morbidity although none presented symptomatic hypoglycemia. Plasma glucose FFA and C‐peptide were measured at birth and 3‐6 hours later together with skinfold thickness; heart size was determined by X‐ray at 24‐28 hours; stroke volume and cardiac output were repeatedly determined by transthoracic impedance and ECG. C‐peptide at birth was higher in group S than in V. C‐peptide in both groups were neither related to glucose or FFA nor to birthweight or skinfold thickness. Infants with neonatal complications including cardiomegaly had the highest C‐peptide values. Skinfold was positively correlated to maternal pregnancy glucose level, birthweight percentile and infant heart volume. Mean values for stroke volume and cardiac output were similar in both groups and not different from normal controls when related to body weight. Heart volume and stroke volume were significantly related. ECG abnormalities were seen in 6 infants who showed cardiomegaly on X‐ray. We suggest that the present finding of an association between elevated C‐peptide concentration at birth and the occurrence of neonatal complications including cardiomegaly and ECG abnormalities could be the consequence of functional hyperinsulinism and that the cardiomegaly is of adaptive type.
METABOLIC CONTROL IN CHILDREN WITH INSULIN DEPENDENT DIABETES MELLITUS ASSESSED BY HEMOGLOBIN A1c
Authors: MORTENSEN H. B. , VESTERMARK S. , KASTRUP K. W.
Published: January 2008

ABSTRACT. The glycosylated hemoglobin component, hemoglobin A1c, was estimated in 92 children with insulin dependent diabetes mellitus by an iso‐electric focusing procedure during an observation period of 18 months. A significant correlation between hemoglobin A1c and the actual metabolic control according to clinical ratings was found. A seasonal variation in the concentration of the hemoglobin A1c was observed with the lowest level in the months of June and July consistent with an improved metabolic control in the diabetic children during the summer period. A direct relationship was found between metabolic control as assessed by hemoglobin A1c and retarded linear growth expressed as standard deviation score for height. Children with poorly controlled diabetes (intial hemoglobin A1c level above 12.5%) improved their carbohydrate tolerance shown by a significantly lower glycohemoglobin level at the end of the observation period. Consequently, hemoglobin A1c is particularly useful in the routine management of insulin dependent diabetic children in poor metabolic control. Frequent determinations are necessary since in these patients the glucose profiles are prone to great variations, which may lead to changes in the hemoglobin A1c concentration of about 1% in a week.
THE PATTERN OF MAJOR SERUM APOLIPOPROTEINS DURING THE EARLY NEONATAL PERIOD
Authors: STOŽICKÝ F. , SLABÝ P. , VOLENIKOVÁ L.
Published: January 2008

ABSTRACT. Serum triglycerides, total cholesterol, lipoproteins and apolipoprotein A‐I, B and C‐III were investigated in 24 normal newborns at birth (umbilical cord blood) and again 4 days after birth (venous blood). Blood samples from 95 fasted normolipidemic male and female subjects aged between 20 to 60 years were also analysed. Immunochemical studies of serum from umbilical cord blood have shown that all investigated apolipoproteins were present although at lower levels than found in adults. The concentration of lipids, lipoproteins and apolipoprotein B and C‐III in the serum from blood collected 4 days after birth did not practically differ from that of adult.
COMBINED PLASMAPHERESIS AND HEMODIALYSIS TREATMENT FOR SEVERE HEMOLYTIC‐UREMIC SYNDROME FOLLOWING CAMPYLOBACTER COLITIS
Authors: DENNEBERG T. , FRIEDBERG M. , HOLMBERG L. , MATHIASEN C. , NILSSON K. O. , TAKOLANDER R. , WALDER M.
Published: January 2008

ABSTRACT. A case of severe hemolytic‐uremic syndrome (HUS) with long lasting anuria in a 7 month old patient is described. The patient failed to improve until treated with combined plasmapheresis and hemodialysis. Declining titres against Campylobacter jejuni/coli suggest that this was the causal agent. We feel that plasmapheresis should be tried in severe HUS with prolonged anuria, which has a poor prognosis with conventional treatment.
DETECTION OF INTRAVENTRICULAR HEMORRHAGE (IVH) BY TRANSCEPHALIC IMPEDANCE (TCZ) IN PREMATURE INFANTS
Authors: GRÖGAARD JENS B. , STAHLMAN MILDRED T. , COTTON ROBERT B. , COULAM CRAIG M.
Published: January 2008

ABSTRACT. Transcephalic impedance was measured serially in 45 preterm infants <1500 g birth weight in order to test the method for the early detection of intraventricular hemorrhage. TCZ increased in all seventeen (38%) infants who developed IVH diagnosed by CT‐scan or autopsy. Five of 8 infants monitored 4‐8 weeks following confirmed IVH developed hydrocephalus documented by repeat CT‐scans; all 5 were discovered early by the TCZ‐method 2‐3 weeks before physical findings or an increasing head circumference indicated the possibility of hydrocephalus. TCZ appears to be a useful non‐invasive clinical guide to the occurrence and course of IVH in the newborn.
FEEDING AND THE DEVELOPMENT OF ENTEROINSULAR HORMONE SECRETION IN THE PRETERM INFANT: EFFECTS OF CONTINUOUS GASTRIC INFUSIONS OF HUMAN MILK COMPARED WITH INTERMITTENT BOLUSES
Authors: AYNSLEY‐GREEN A. , ADRIAN T. E. , BLOOM S. R.
Published: January 2008

ABSTRACT. Preterm infants receive gastric milk feeds as continuous infusions or intermittent boluses. It is not known whether these feeding methods have different effects on the development of digestive metabolism. We have measured plasma levels of insulin, pancreatic polypeptide (PP), gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP), gastrin, motilin, enteroglucagon (EG) and neurotensin (NT) in 19 preterm infants (28‐34 weeks gestation) tolerating full enteral feeding from birth. 7 infants received human milk by continuous infusion, 12 infants were bolus fed. Hormones were measured in cord blood and at 6 and 13 days of age; samples were drawn preprandially in bolus fed infants. Both groups showed similar significant increases in plasma motilin, PP, NT and EG levels. At 13 days infusion fed infants had higher insulin. GIP and gastrin levels. No difference in rate of weight gain was seen in the two groups of infants. We conclude that both methods of feeding induce progressive changes in circulating enteroinsular hormone levels. However, the endocrine milieu is different in the two groups, particularly since bolus‐fed infants experience marked cyclical surges in hormones after boluses of milk by 13 days of age. These differences in hormone release may affect metabolic homeostasis.
PLASMA AMINO ACIDS IN TERM NEONATES AFTER A FEED OF HUMAN MILK OR FORMULA
Authors: TIKANOJA T.
Published: January 2008

ABSTRACT. Human milk and formulas with different quantities and qualities of protein were compared by measuring sequential postprandial changes in total amino acids and glycine/valine ratios in plasma of 23 healthy term neonates who had previously been breast‐fed ad libitum. At the mean age of 5.5 days the infants reveived from a bottle 1/36 of their body weight of banked human milk (true protein 0.8 g/100 ml), or formula (1.5 g/100 ml of protein, whey‐to‐casein ratio 60: 40 (adapted) or 18: 82 (non‐adapted), or 3.0 g/ml of protein, 60 : 40) after a 3.5‐4 hour fast. After the feed, the sum of plasma free amino acids rose and the glycine/valine ratio fell, these changes being significant as soon as 30 min after the start of feeding and maximal at 30 min after human milk but at 60 min after the formulas. Both values returned to prefeeding levels, after human milk in 2‐3 hours and after the two 1.5 g/100 ml formulas in about 4 hours, but after the 3 g/100 ml formula were still notably altered at 3.5 hours. The postprandial changes measured seemed to reflect dietary protein intake, and to be unaffected by protein quality (adapted vs. non‐adapted formulas). The results show that in studies of plasma amino acids in young infants sampling times should be standardized exactly with respect ot type of previous feeding and duration of fasting.
THE EFFECT OF CHLORPROMAZINE IN SEVERE HYPOXIA IN NEWBORN INFANTS
Authors: LARSSON L. E. , EKSTRÖM‐JODAL B. , HJALMARSON O.
Published: January 2008

ABSTRACT. Eighteen newborn infants with severe hypoxia during the course of idiopathic respiratory distress syndrome, pneumonia, persistent fetal circulation or right diaphragmatic hernia were treated with chlorpromazine with the aim of improving arterial oxygenation by a postulated vasodilatory action on the pulmonary circulation. Fourteen of the infants improved their PSO2 during the treatment. Nine infants died. The systematic arterial blood‐pressure and the urinary output were reduced and some infants were somnolent during the initial period of treatment. No other side effects were noted. Further studies of chlorpromazine as a possible pulmonary vasodilator in newborn infants are justified.
THE BRONZE BABY SYNDROME
Authors: TAN K. L. , JACOB E.
Published: January 2008

ABSTRACT. Phototherapy with either daylight or blue lamps resulted in the development of the bronze baby syndrome in 13 infants. ‘Thermotherapy’with an incandescent bulb emitting light mainly in wavelengths not effective for phototherapy caused this syndrome in the 14th infant with respiratory failure. Hepatic dysfunction was present in all infants. The infants were well in spite of the bronzing, after their initial condition had improved. Bronzing disappeared within two months in all but one infant; in eight infants with regular blood examination, the hepatic function became normal by ten months of age, but spectroscopy demonstrated the presence of the pigment(s) even at one year. Normal development was observed.