bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Purity, power and cruelty
Authors: Duschinsky Robbie
Published: December 2011

One of the most significant theoretical paradigms for understanding themes of purity and impurity available to researchers is that of Mary Douglas. However her account is problematic: it neglects the analysis of power-relations and subjectivity due to its universalizing, structural-functionalist scope. By contrast Primo Levi’s writings offer an example of a particular cultural economy of purity, and shed light on how a contingent form of purity judgement in Fascist ideology refracted into multiple lived discourses. Levi traces changes in purity narratives across different institutional and social contexts, even within the psyche of a single perpetrator or victim. His writings show the pressing need for a new theory of purity and impurity, and offers fundamental insights towards such an account.
Inverse governmentality: The paradoxical production of peri-urban planning in Maputo, Mozambique
Authors: Nielsen Morten
Published: December 2011

This article examines urban planning on the outskirts of Maputo, Mozambique, where governance constitutes an ambiguous realm whose imagined opportunities are as enticing as its dangers are frightening. Although state agencies have proven incapable of implementing coherent urban policies, numerous peri-urban areas reflect a remarkable aesthetic regularity. In the article I unfold how it emerged through informal attempts to mimic state-defined urban standards which even civil servants acknowledge exist only as scattered imitations. It is when initiating building projects based on urban standards that the state could have implemented that house-builders create the ordering gaze of power by which they ought to be illuminated. Taking governmentality to refer to a form of reason that takes as its object the problem of the population, I argue that peri-urban planning in Maputo can be considered as inverse governmentality, that is, a form of reason that takes as its object the problem of governance.
Attitudes Toward Women, Rape Myths, and Rape Perceptions Among Male Police Officers in South Korea
Authors: Lee Joohee , Lee Changhan , Lee Wanhee
Published: December 2011

Because of the critical roles of police officers in dealing with rape cases, the purpose of the current study was to examine the perceptions of rape among male police officers, with a particular focus on how attitudes toward women, rape survivor myths, and myths about the impact of rape are related to perceptions of rape scenarios. Utilizing cross-sectional data from 236 male police officers in South Korea, results of structural equation modeling indicated that attitudes toward women and rape survivor myths were positively related to rape perceptions. Those who had stereotypical attitudes toward women and those who had stronger beliefs in rape survivor myths were more likely to endorse rape-supportive attributions in rape scenarios. Results also revealed that officers' attitudes toward women were indirectly related to rape perceptions through rape survivor myths. Moreover, previous attendance at a sexual assault educational program was inversely related to rape perceptions, such that those who attended an educational program were less likely to endorse rape-supportive attributions in rape scenarios. The implications of these findings for practice and policy are discussed, including the need for the Korean legal system to recognize the need for self-determination and for police training to be better targeted and ongoing.
Internal fraction of polymer composites with nanosilicas fabricated by ultraviolet irradiation
Authors: Xu Guo Cai , Xiing Hong Long , Ji Xiao Li , Tan De Xin
Published: December 2011

The internal friction behavior of the nanocomposite polymer was studied using a multifunction internal friction apparatus. It is shown that the internal friction peak in the polymer has a relaxation feature and the peak height is almost independent of frequency for the polymer without nanosilica. Nevertheless, the peak height for the polymer with nanosilica increases not only with increasing vibration frequency, but also with increasing nanosilica content, which results from the stronger interaction between nanosilica with polymer chains. For the nanocomposite polymer with 3 wt% nanosilica, the activation energy of polymer chain motion is bigger than that of neat copolymers.
Adaptive neuro-fuzzy model for performance evaluation of RC T-beams with externally bonded GFRP reinforcement
Authors: Saathappan V.R.A. , Raghunath P.N. , Suguna K.
Published: December 2011

The effect of GFRP laminates on the performance of reinforced concrete T-Beams having different internal steel reinforcement ratios was investigated. The parameters of investigation included yield load, ultimate load, yield deflection, ultimate deflection, maximum crack width, deflection ductility and energy ductility. An adaptive Neuro-fuzzy based model was generated to predict the performance characteristics taking percentage of steel reinforcement, thickness of GFRP and the type of fiber used in GFRP as parameters.
Enabling damage detection: manufacturing composite laminates doped with dispersed triboluminescent materials
Authors: Dickens Tarik J. , Okoli Okenwa I.
Published: December 2011

Triboluminescent materials are being harnessed to address the gaps in current structural health monitoring systems. Their innate ability to emit light when stressed or broken makes them ideal candidates for the ubiquitous and in situ monitoring of structures. The increasing use of advanced composites in critical structures, where subsurface damage initiation may go unnoticed, further highlights the urgency in developing efficient online monitoring technologies. This work looked at the manufacturing of composite laminates that have been doped with various concentrations (0 to 10 %wt.) of a triboluminescent material (ZnS:Mn). Laminates were manufactured using a vacuum infusion process. Dispersing the ZnS:Mn particulates was cumbersome because their density was higher than the resin that caused settling during resin infusion. The dispersion of ZnS:Mn is critical to their use in the health monitoring of the host structure. As such, a method for mechanical agitation using a rotational vacuum infusion apparatus was developed employing centrifugal motion. The degree of dispersion in the resulting laminates was determined using scanning electron microscopy and the energy dispersive scanning feature of the electron microscope for elemental mapping. A quantitative metric was established by computations of the Euclidean distance of EDS mapping. Studies of the effect of ZnS:Mn concentration on the tensile strength of laminates showed that increasing the ZnS:Mn concentration reduced the tensile strength. Key processing parameters were studied, and determined that curing kinetics were not altered by ZnS:Mn inclusion.
Dynamic characteristics of epoxy hybrid nanocomposites
Authors: Alva Abhinav , Raja S
Published: December 2011

An experimental study is conducted on epoxy composite, reinforced with nano alumina and Multiwall CNTs (0.5 and 1.0 wt%) in monolithic and hybrid forms to evaluate its stiffness and damping properties. Among monolithic reinforcements, Multiwall CNTs (1.0 wt %) have shown a significant increase in loss modulus, whereas nano alumina (0.5 wt%) has increased the storage modulus of the composite. With hybrid reinforcements, there is further increase in storage modulus (0.5 wt%) observed; however, a slight reduction in loss modulus (1.0 wt%) is noticed in comparison with CNT-reinforced nanocomposite. Based on these experimental observations, a two-layer hybrid composite configuration, consisting of nano alumina (0.5 wt% as layer 1) and Multiwall CNTs (1.0 wt% as layer 2) is fabricated and tested. The obtained results have indicated significant and simultaneous increase in storage and loss modulus, which brings out the importance of using the hybrid reinforcement configurations.
Effect of woven fabric architecture on interlaminar mechanical response of composite materials: an experimental study
Authors: Abot Jandro L. , Gabbai Rene D. , Harsley Kevin
Published: December 2011

Woven fabrics are usually selected for the reinforcement phase in laminated composite materials due to their balanced in-plane mechanical and thermal properties and their relatively simple handling during the composite fabrication process. One of the questions that usually arise in the design of laminated composites is the selection of the woven fabric architecture. It is well known the effect that this architecture plays in the in-plane elastic and ultimate composite properties under either in-plane tensile or shear loading. However, the effect of the woven fabric architecture on the mechanical response of composites under interlaminar shear loading is not well established. An experimental study was conducted to determine the role of the woven fabric architecture and its geometrical parameters on the interlaminar shear response of laminated composites. A set of composite materials with the same epoxy matrix and carbon fiber were prepared with five different woven fabrics of similar areal density and fiber volume fraction. The experimental results reveal that the interlaminar shear modulus is not significantly affected by the woven fabric architecture and that the interlaminar shear strength is not only dependent on the amount of crimp in the woven fabric reinforcement but also significantly affected by bridging effects.
Behavior of concrete beams reinforced with GFRP BARS
Authors: Kalpana VG , Subramanian K
Published: December 2011

The use of FRP bars in place of steel rods in concrete structures plays a significant role due to non-corrosive nature. These materials possess high tensile strength and low modulus of elasticity and exhibit a linear stress–strain response up to the failure. The present study focuses on gaining an insight into the behavior of concrete beams reinforced with GFRP bars subjected to two-point loading system by varying the grade of the concrete and diameter of the bar. The modes of failure and the crack width at each stage of loading were observed. The results of load-deflection and load-crack width characteristics are discussed. The crack pattern of the GFRP beams under loading is also reported. The comparisons between the flexural capacity of GFRP beams and steel beams from theoretical analysis and GFRP beams with that of the experimental were done. The structural behavior of tested GFRP beams is validated by developing FE models using the ANSYS software.
Engineering properties of self-compacting rubberized concrete
Authors: Raj Bharati , Ganesan N. , Shashikala A.P.
Published: December 2011

The use of rubber in self-compacting concrete is gaining more attention from the point of view of improved engineering properties of the product and also sustainability. Although several attempts have been reported on the utilization of crumb rubber for the replacement of coarse aggregate in conventional concrete and to some extent in self-compacting concrete, limited information is only available on the use of rubber as replacement for fine aggregate. This article mainly deals with the development of self-compacting concrete with varying proportions of powdered rubber as filler (fine aggregate replacement). The self-compactability characteristics and the engineering properties of self-compacting rubberized concrete mixes with varying compressive strengths have been experimentally evaluated. The experimental values have been compared with those of conventional rubberized concrete available from the past studies. The results indicate that self-compacting rubberized concrete has better engineering properties, which are most desirable for structural purposes, in comparison with conventional concrete with and without rubber.
Influence of silica fume and polypropylene fiber on fracture properties of concrete composite containing fly ash
Authors: Zhang Peng , Li Qingfu , Sun Zhenhua
Published: December 2011

A parametric experimental study has been conducted to investigate the effect of silica fume and polypropylene fiber on the fracture properties of concrete composite. By means of three-point bending method, the fracture toughness, fracture energy, effective crack length, maximum mid-span deflection, critical crack-opening displacement, and maximum crack-opening displacement of the specimen were measured, respectively, and the relational curves between the vertical load and the mid-span deflection ( Pv– δ), crack mouth-opening displacement ( Pv–CMOD), and crack tip-opening displacement ( Pv–CTOD) were obtained. The results indicate that silica fume and polypropylene fiber both have great effect on the fracture parameters and relational curves of the three-point bending beam specimen. When the content of silica fume increases from 0% to 3%, and the fiber volume fraction increases from 0% to 0.12%, the fracture parameters gradually increase and the fracture relational curves become plumper and plumper with the increase of silica fume content and fiber volume fraction, respectively. However, the fracture parameters begin to decrease and the curves become thinner and thinner after the silica fume content exceeds 3%. It seems that the silica fume contributed well to the improvement of fracture property of concrete composite only when its fume content does not exceed 3%. Furthermore, the capability of polypropylene fiber to resist crack propagation of concrete composite containing fly ash and silica fume appears to become stronger and stronger with the increase of fiber volume fraction with the fiber volume fraction not beyond 0.12%.
Removal of cadmium by combining deferasirox and desferrioxamine chelators in rats
Authors: Fatemi S Jamilaldine , Saljooghi Amir Shokooh , Balooch Faezeh Dahooee , Iranmanesh Marzieh , Golbafan Mohammad Reza
Published: December 2011

An investigation was conducted to evaluate the ability of two chelators, deferasirox and desferrioxamine (DFO), in removing cadmium from biological system. The potential efficiency of those chelators were investigated after cadmium administration for 60 days following two dose levels of 20 and 40 mg/kg body weight daily to male rats. However, abnormalities were observed in clinical signs after cadmium administration, such as yellowish discoloration of hair, flaccid and hypotonic muscles, irritability, weakness and loss of weight. The hypothesis that the two chelators might be more efficient as combined therapy than single therapy in removing metal ions from the body was considered. In this way, two known chelators, deferasirox and DFO were chosen and tested in the acute rat model. The chelation therapy results show that deferasirox and DFO are able ?to remove cadmium ions from the body, while iron concentration returned to the normal level and symptoms are decreased.
Can Diffusion Tensor Imaging (DTI) Identify Epileptogenic Tubers in Tuberous Sclerosis Complex? Correlation With α-[11C]methyl-l-tryptophan ([11C] AMT) Positron Emission Tomography (PET)
Authors: Tiwari Vijay Narayan , Kumar Ajay , Chakraborty Pulak K. , Chugani Harry T.
Published: December 2011

In this study, we determined whether diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), a more widely available imaging modality, is as effective as α-[11C]methyl-l-tryptophan (AMT)–positron emission tomography (PET) in localizing epileptogenic tubers in tuberous sclerosis complex. Following that, coregistration of AMT-PET and diffusion tensor imaging scans apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) and fractional anisotropy (FA) were measured in all tubers using a region-of-interest approach and were compared with AMT-PET tuber/cortex uptake ratios, which were used to differentiate between epileptogenic and nonepileptogenic tubers. Forty-three tubers, out of a total of 320 tubers, had AMT-PET uptake ratios greater than 1 and hence were classified as potentially epileptogenic. FA in epileptogenic tubers was reduced compared with the other tubers ( P = .03). A significant negative correlation was observed between AMT-PET uptake ratio of epileptogenic tubers and FA values ( r = –.45; P = .003). Tubers with higher AMT-PET uptake ratios corresponded well with lower FA values in tuberous sclerosis complex patients.
Psychogenic Movement Disorders in Children
Authors: Faust Jessica , Soman Teesta B.
Published: December 2011

Psychogenic movement disorders are defined as hyperkinetic or hypokinetic movement disorders associated with underlying psychological disorders. Psychogenic movement disorders account for 1% to 9% of all neurologic diagnoses. The assessment and treatment of psychogenic movement disorders can be complex. We report patients seen over the past 5 years, diagnosed with psychogenic movement disorder. We discuss in this article some patient characteristics and some strategies that are effective in the management of this group of patients. The case examples presented in the current article demonstrate the importance of two factors, a multidisciplinary approach and engaging the family, that are essential components in the treatment of psychogenic movement disorders.
An experimental investigation on surface quality and water absorption of extruded wood–plastic composite
Authors: Soury E , Behravesh AH , Jam N Jafarian , Haghtalab A
Published: December 2011

This article presents an experimental study on the relationship between surface quality (roughness) and water absorption for wood–plastic composites (WPCs) in an extrusion process. A problem that usually occurs in the production of extruded parts of polymeric materials, and in special case of WPC, is flow instabilities at the extrusion die exit. The instabilities lead to the production of profiles with unacceptable surface quality. In this article, the influences of the important material and process parameters on the surface quality and water absorption are investigated. The attempt was made to find a relationship between surface roughness and water absorption of WPC extruded profiles. The variable parameters were selected as wood content, polymer melt flow index (MFI), screw speed, melt temperature, die diameter, and finally length-to-diameter ratio ( L/ D) of the die land. The experiments specified that increasing die land L/D, die temperature and wood content and decreasing screw speed and polymer MFI lead to improved surface quality. It was found that increasing die diameter and also decreasing die land L/D, die temperature, speed, wood content, and polymer MFI lead to an improvement in water resistance. The results also showed that a rough surface quality could cause a low water resistance specification.
The friction stir welding of small-diameter pipe: an experimental and numerical proof of concept for automation and manufacturing
Authors: Lammlein D H , Gibson B T , DeLapp D R , Cox C , Strauss A M , Cook G E
Published: December 2011

Friction stir welding (FSW) is a powerful joining process which is limited by its range of application and processing rate. Here the range of application is extended to small-diameter butted pipe sections and high processing rates are applied for increased productivity in manufacturing. Full penetration friction stir welds are performed on butted sections of aluminium alloy 6061-T6 pipe. These pipe sections are relatively small in diameter (4.2 inches) and relatively thin walled (0.2 inches). The small radius of curvature distinguishes this weld configuration geometrically from a butted plate configuration and presents unique challenges. This work confronts these challenges using experimental and numerical methods. An FSW process method producing acceptable pipe joints is demonstrated.
Ultrasonic measurement of self-loosening in bolted joints
Authors: Marshall MB , Lewis R , Howard T , Brunskill H
Published: December 2011

Self-loosening of bolted joints in response to vibration can lead to the catastrophic failure of a range of engineering components and structures. Many techniques employed to study this phenomenon focus on directly measuring the pre-load remaining in the bolt itself, and offer little insight into the behaviour of the clamped interface.

In this study, a non-intrusive ultrasonic reflection-based technique is used to first characterize interface pressure in the joint, and then determine the rate at which relaxation occurs. A key advantage of the technique is that it does not require the modification of the contact conditions, and rather utilizes the spring-like behaviour of a rough surface interface when subject to ultrasonic excitation.

A series of different bolt torques were investigated, along with the inclusion of both plain and spring washers under the bolt head. All test samples were subjected to an oscillating fixed–displacement vibration cycle. An initial rapid reduction in interface clamping pressure was observed, followed by a more steady-state period. Increasing bolt torque was seen to enhance joint integrity, whereas both the plain and spring washers showed little improvement. The spring washer was observed to extend the secondary steady-state phase of loosening, though as the majority of pre-load was removed prior to this period any change was largely unbeneficial.
Analysis of the influence of under sleeper pads on the railway vehicle/track dynamic interaction in transition zones
Authors: Insa Ricardo , Salvador Pablo , Inarejos Javier , Roda Alejandro
Published: December 2011

Sharp changes in the vertical stiffness levels of a track can increase train and infrastructure deterioration to the point where there is a serious risk of a derailment. Major overloading and unloading forces are created between the different track and vehicle components. This phenomenon has grown in importance as the operational speeds of trains have increased with the expansion of high-speed lines. In order to solve this problem a method has to be found to smooth the changes in vertical stiffness levels along the track. In the present paper, the combination of transition regions and under- sleeper pads (USPs) has been studied. The research has been performed by means of a dynamic vehicle–track interaction model created by synthesizing a series of sub-models of individual effects. The analysed variables allow various track configurations, train travelling speeds and the stiffness of the USPs to be investigated. The obtained results show that combining transition zones with USPs pads allows more homogeneous vertical stiffness levels to be achieved along the tracks which results in improved dynamic behaviour of the vehicle–track system.
Memory for Emotional Simulations
Authors: Szpunar Karl K. , Addis Donna Rose , Schacter Daniel L.
Published: December 2011

Mental simulations of future experiences are often concerned with emotionally arousing events. Although it is widely believed that mental simulations enhance future behavior, virtually nothing is known about how memory for these simulations changes over time or whether simulations of emotional experiences are especially well remembered. We used a novel paradigm that combined recently developed methods for generating simulations of future events and well-established procedures for testing memory to examine the retention of positive, negative, and neutral simulations over delays of 10 min and 1 day. We found that at the longer delay, details associated with negative simulations were more difficult to remember than details associated with positive or neutral simulations. We suggest that these effects reflect the influence of the fading-affect bias, whereby negative reactions fade more quickly than positive reactions, and that this influence results in a tendency to remember a rosy simulated future. We discuss implications of our findings for individuals with affective disorders, such as depression and anxiety.
Perceived ethical values by Iranian nurses
Authors: Shahriari Mohsen , Mohammadi Eesa , Abbaszadeh Abbas , Bahrami Masoud , Fooladi Marjaneh M
Published: December 2011

Nursing, a scientific and practical discipline, faces continuing challenges of finding new direction in order to decipher its core values and develop current ethical codes for nursing practice. In 2009–10, 28 nurses were purposely selected and interviewed using a semi-structured format in focus groups and individually. Thematic Content Analysis helped explore the perception of Iranian nurses on ethical values in patient care. Seven major themes emerged: respect for dignity, professional integrity, professional commitment, developing human relationships, justice, honesty, and promoting individuals and the nursing profession. Iranian nurses revealed a unique and culture-based set of ethical values. This study found that Iranian nurses place a greater emphasis on preserving the dignity of those accompanying the patient and in showing regard for patients' religious beliefs in a gender appropriate environment.
Patient rights in Iran: A review article
Authors: Joolaee Soodabeh , Hajibabaee Fatemeh
Published: December 2011

A significant development for conducting research on patient rights has been made in Iran over the past decade. This study is conducted in order to review and analyze the previous studies that have been made, so far, concerning patient rights in Iran. This is a comprehensive review study conducted by searching the Iranian databases, Scientific Information Database, Iranian Research Institute for Information Science and Technology, Iran Medex and Google using the Persian equivalent of keywords for ‘awareness', ‘attitude’, and ‘patient rights'. For pertinent Iranian papers published in English, scientific databases PubMed, and Google Scholar were searched using the keyword ‘patient rights' and ‘Iran’. A total of 41 Persian and five English articles were found for these keywords, only 26 of which fulfilled the objective of our study. The increasing number of papers published indicates that from 1999 onwards, this subject has begun to draw the attention of Iranian researchers in a progressive fashion and Iranian papers in English have also been compiled and published in international sources.
A proto-code of ethics and conduct for European nurse directors
Authors: Stievano Alessandro , Marinis Maria Grazia De , Kelly Denise , Filkins Jacqueline , Meyenburg-Altwarg Iris , Petrangeli Mauro , Tschudin Verena
Published: December 2011

The proto-code of ethics and conduct for European nurse directors was developed as a strategic and dynamic document for nurse managers in Europe. It invites critical dialogue, reflective thinking about different situations, and the development of specific codes of ethics and conduct by nursing associations in different countries. The term proto-code is used for this document so that specifically country-orientated or organization-based and practical codes can be developed from it to guide professionals in more particular or situation-explicit reflection and values. The proto-code of ethics and conduct for European nurse directors was designed and developed by the European Nurse Directors Association’s (ENDA) advisory team. This article gives short explanations of the code’ s preamble and two main parts: Nurse directors' ethical basis, and Principles of professional practice, which is divided into six specific points: competence, care, safety, staff, life-long learning and multi-sectorial working.
Managerial and Leadership Competencies
Authors: Boyatzis Richard E.
Published: December 2011

Development of competencies needed to be effective managers and leaders requires research and theory that can drive future scholarship and application. Competencies are defined and an overview is provided on research on competencies, their link to performance in various occupations, and their development. Emotional, social and cognitive intelligence competencies predict effectiveness in professional management and leadership roles in many sectors of society. In addition, these competencies can be developed in adults.
Effects of Managerial Strategic Resources on the Outsider CEO Succession in Biopharmaceutical Industry
Authors: Malik Tariq , Kabiraj Sajal
Published: December 2011

This article is an attempt to answer whether managerial knowledge specificity determines managerial resource and the outsider CEO’s succession. It predicts the effect of managerial knowledge on the outsider CEO succession in the biopharmaceutical sector. The economic assumption suggests that managerial generic knowledge has more value, so it determines the outsider CEO’s succession. The strategic assumption suggests that managerial specific knowledge determines the outsider CEO’s succession. We test three hypotheses representing, high, moderate and less specific managerial knowledge. Contrary to either of the two assumptions, our findings indicate that managerial industrial knowledge (moderately specific knowledge) appears to be a good predictor of an outsider CEO in biopharmaceutical industry. Thus, we offer an alternative framework. The article discusses implications and some limitations of the study.
Moral Competency
Authors: Biswas Malay
Published: December 2011

In the light of recent corporate scams such as Satyam, the author undertook the present research work to address the following questions: Does moral incompetence reside in only a few corporate species? Are ordinary individuals, working in the corporate world, also potential candidates, equally capable of giving birth to tainted corporate performance? This study examined the degree of coherence between one’s estimation of moral self and its relative manifestation in human behaviour. The author utilized the Guna framework as a proxy to virtuous personality/moral architecture of self and subsequently explored its relationship with ethical/unethical behaviour using co-variance-based structural equation modelling. The research indicated that the relationship between one’s estimation of self and its manifestation in human behaviour did not match as expected. Data suggested that individuals, carrying a positive self-image about themselves are vulnerable to engaging in unethical behaviour.
A Competency Based Management System for Sustainable Development by Innovative Organizations
Authors: Mukhopadhyay Kankana , Sil Jaya , Banerjea N.R.
Published: December 2011

Competency Based Management has become the key tool for every firm to be in a strategically sustained advantageous position. The role of Competency Based Management System (CBMS) is to identify relevant and important competencies for successful accomplishment of desired tasks. In this article a holistic framework is proposed to review the Competency Based approach that will be practically feasible for organizational settings. It is based on the conceptions of human competencies and performance in the workplace. The application of CBMS is explained that can be used in an organization to systematically assess existing and future competencies required. Using this approach an organization will be able to more effectively use their limited resources to reap more benefits from their investments in both people and technology. Information Technology (IT) support for managing competencies is based on a rationalistic view of competency. While these competency systems might work in rationalistic organizations, it is argued that in more dynamic settings, such as in innovative organizations, the knowledge based actions that capture the emergent competencies of tomorrow require IT support.
Study Abroad Experiences and Global Citizenship
Authors: Wynveen Christopher J. , Kyle Gerard T. , Tarrant Michael A.
Published: December 2011

Short-term study abroad programs currently account for more than 50% of students who study overseas. Using an adaptation of the Value–Belief–Norm theory of proenvironmental behavior (Stern, 2000), we hypothesized that study abroad nurtures global citizenship related to ecologically conscious behaviors by strengthening core relations among environmental values, beliefs, and norms. The sample consisted of students ( n = 623) from 10 U.S. universities participating in a 4-week study abroad program to either Australia or New Zealand in 2008 and 2009. A pre-, posttest design was adopted in which students voluntarily completed a survey instrument on the first and last days of the program in the destination country. Results of the study suggested that the modified Value–Belief–Norm approach provides a robust theoretical framework, used in conjunction with theories of learning, for explaining how proenvironmental behavior is nurtured. These findings provided empirical support for the efficacy of short-term study abroad programs and developed further support for the importance of strong pedagogical techniques implemented by competent instructors.
Educational Experiences Associated With International Students’ Learning, Development, and Positive Perceptions of Campus Climate
Authors: Glass Chris R.
Published: December 2011

This research project uses the constructive-developmental tradition, in the self-authorship framework of intercultural maturity (King & Baxter Magolda, 2005), to examine the extent to which 12 specific educational experiences may be associated with international undergraduates’ learning, development, and perception of campus climate. The study uses multiple regression analysis of a stratified random sample of international student respondents to the Global Perspective Inventory (GPI; n = 437). The results suggest that international students who participate in leadership programs, interact with others from their own culture, and take courses where professors facilitate intergroup dialogue, report more positive perceptions of campus climate. International students who participate in leadership programs, community service, and campus-organized diversity discussions, interact with people from diverse cultural backgrounds, and take courses with materials on race and ethnicity report greater levels of learning and development.
Ten-Year Time Trends in Emotional and Behavioral Problems of Dutch Children Referred for Youth Care
Authors: Veerman Jan Willem , De Meyer Ronald
Published: December 2011

Emotional and behavioral problems assessed with the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) were analyzed from 2,739 Dutch children referred to Families First (FF) or Intensive Family Treatment (IFT) from 1999 to 2008, to examine time trends. From the year 2004 onward, six of the eight CBCL-syndrome scales yielded significant decreases from the reference year, 1999. Analyses of statistical interactions indicated that on some scales in later years, younger children and boys scored lower than in 1999, and children referred to FF showed more delinquent behaviors in later years compared with in 1999; whereas, children referred to IFT showed less delinquent behavior than in 1999. These results might be explained by structural changes in the Dutch youth care system, by a huge growth of the number of treated children, by an incident in Dutch youth care, and also by the introduction of new methods of home-based treatment for delinquent youth. An implication of the current results is to consider home-based services more seriously as an alternative for out-of-home placement.
Bias and the Bar
Authors: Smelcer Susan Navarro , Steigerwalt Amy , Vining Richard L.
Published: December 2011

The vetting of potential federal judges by the Standing Committee on Federal Judiciary of the American Bar Association (ABA) is politically controversial. Conservatives allege the Standing Committee is biased against Republican nominees. The ABA and its defenders argue the ABA rates nominees objectively based on their qualifications. The authors investigate whether accusations of liberal bias have merit. They analyze all individuals nominated to the U.S. Courts of Appeals from 1977 to 2008. Using genetic matching methods and ordered logit models, the authors find evidence of bias against Republican nominees in the ABA’s ratings. They conclude by discussing the implications of these results.
The Population Ecology of Grassroots Democracy
Authors: Djupe Paul A. , Conger Kimberly H.
Published: December 2011

Prior research on citizen political participation suggests a narrow role for organizations, that they promote the political activity solely of their members. Yet studies at the individual level cannot assess any other role for organizations than a narrow, direct one. The authors estimate hierarchical models of how the intensity of Christian Right groups’ activism in the states affects individual political participation as a means of identifying the degree of context dependence of grassroots activism. The authors find evidence to support a broad-based, pluralist effect of movement activism rather than a narrow effect of mobilizing a target constituency.
Concepts and Measurement in Multimethod Research
Authors: Ahram Ariel I.
Published: December 2011

This article argues that concept misformation and conceptual stretching undermine efforts to combine qualitative and quantitative methods in multimethod research (MMR). Two related problems result from the mismatch of qualitatively and quantitatively construed concepts. Mechanism muddling occurs when differences in the connotation of qualitatively and quantitatively construed concepts embed different causal properties into conceptual definitions. Conceptual slippage occurs when qualitatively and quantitatively construed concepts use incompatible nominal, ordinal, or radial scales. Instead of gaining leverage from the synthesis of large- and small- N analysis, these problems can push MMR in two diametrically opposed directions, emphasizing one methodological facet at the cost of the other.
Metastatic Tumors to the Urinary Bladder
Authors: Xiao Guang-Qian , Chow Jonathan , Unger Pamela D.
Published: December 2011

Secondary neoplasms of the urinary bladder are uncommon, with metastatic tumors being an even rarer event. The authors studied the clinicopathology of 11 cases of metastatic tumors to bladder, which were collected from their archives between 1995 and 2010. The most common metastases in this series were breast. Some unusual metastases, including several not being previously reported, were also presented, namely, ileal carcinoid tumor, ileal gastrointestinal stromal tumor, ovarian squamous carcinoma, pancreatic gastrinoma, and renal collecting duct carcinoma. Vast majority of these patients (10/11, 91%) were female. Ninety percent of the patients presented with hematuria and/or obstructive urinary symptom as well as bladder lesions in the area of trigone, posterior wall, and/or bladder neck. Seven of the 11 patients had a known history of other metastases besides the bladder. Most of the patients (4/7, 57%) died within 1 year after diagnosis of bladder metastasis. Metastasis must be distinguished from a primary bladder neoplasm. Morphology and clinical correlation supplemented with immunohistochemical study is critical for the correct diagnosis.
Uterine Glomeruloid Hemangioma in a Patient Without POEMS Syndrome
Authors: Giner Francisco , Compañ Amparo , Monteagudo Carlos
Published: December 2011

Cutaneous glomeruloid hemangioma is a hallmark of POEMS syndrome. These patients have elevated serum levels of vascular endothelial growth factor. The authors report an extracutaneous uterine glomeruloid hemangioma in an 82-year-old woman with a history of breast and endometrial carcinomas. Within the lumen of myometrial vessels, a lobular, glomeruloid proliferation of capillary-like CD31 and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-1-positive endothelial cells was found. The capillary loops were lined by endothelial cells, most of them containing PAS-positive and immunoglobulin-positive eosinophilic hyaline globules (thanatosomes). This vascular proliferation was consistent with a glomeruloid hemangioma. Although an extracutaneous glomeruloid vascular proliferation has been found in the retroperitoneal adipose tissue in a patient with POEMS syndrome, this study reports what seems to be the first case of visceral glomeruloid hemangioma in a patient without POEMS syndrome. The authors hypothesize that the glomeruloid endothelial cell proliferation with vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-1 expression may be a paraneoplastic phenomenon.
Chromophobe Renal Cell Carcinoma With Heterologous (Liposarcomatous) Differentiation
Authors: Anila K. R. , Mathew Arun Peter , Somanathan Thara , Mathews Anitha , Jayasree K.
Published: December 2011

A 44-year-old woman presented with right flank mass of 6 months duration. A right side renal tumor was diagnosed, and a radical nephrectomy was performed. Histopathological examination showed chromophobe renal cell carcinoma (CRCC) with sarcomatoid transformation. The sarcomatous component contained large pleomorphic lipoblasts. The CRCC was positive for Hale’s colloidal iron stain, whereas the sarcomatous component was negative. Based on histopathological and immunohistochemical findings, a diagnosis of sarcomatoid CRCC with heterologous liposarcomatous differentiation was made. To the authors’ knowledge, this is the second reported case of a sarcomatoid CRCC where the sarcomatous component displayed features of liposarcoma. The case has been reported for its rarity.
Failure to Register as a Predictor of Sex Offense Recidivism
Authors: Zgoba Kristen M. , Levenson Jill
Published: December 2011

This quasi-experimental study analyzed the recidivism outcomes of 1,125 sexual offenders in two groups. The first group comprised 644 registered sex offenders who were convicted of a sex crime and at some point failed to register after release from prison. The comparison group contained 481 registered sex offenders released from prison during a similar time frame who did not fail to register after their release. The groups were then tracked for both sexual and nonsexual offenses to determine whether failure to register under Megan’s Law is predictive of reoffending. Failure to register was not a significant predictor of sexual recidivism, casting doubt on the belief that sex offenders who are noncompliant with registration are especially sexually dangerous. Few differences between groups were detected, but FTR offenders were more likely to have sexually assaulted a stranger and to have adult female victims, further challenging the stereotype of the child predator who absconds to evade detection. Potential policy implications are discussed.
An application-level parallel I/O library for Earth system models
Authors: Dennis John M. , Edwards Jim , Loy Ray , Jacob Robert , Mirin Arthur A. , Craig Anthony P. , Vertenstein Mariana
Published: December 2011

We describe the design and implementation of an application-level parallel I/O (PIO) library for the reading and writing of distributed arrays to several common scientific data formats. PIO provides the flexibility to control the number of I/O tasks through data rearrangement to an I/O friendly decomposition. This flexibility enables reductions in per task memory usage and improvements in disk I/O performance versus a serial I/O approach. We illustrate the impact various features within PIO have on memory usage and disk I/O bandwidth on a Cray XT5 system.
“This Is Religious Environment”
Authors: Shinde Kiran A.
Published: December 2011

This article examines discourses about environmental change and their impact on environmental behavior of different social groups at the Hindu pilgrimage site of Vrindavan in India, which receives more than 6 million visitors annually. Using concepts from social spatialization, religious socialization, and cultural theory, it explains how religious culture shapes the attitudes and worldviews of these groups, which are then used in articulating environmental problems and contesting environmental responsibility. Interviews with social groups, including religious gurus, priests, visitors, government officials, local residents, and community leaders, reveal the recurrence of four dominant themes: denial, indifference, helplessness, and stewardship. “Denial” and “indifference” are common with those engaged in the cultural economy of pilgrimage rituals as they use the language of transcendence framed through myths, religious ideologies, and ritual practices. Others operating outside religious domain readily recognize environmental impacts but feel “helpless” and only a few demonstrate environmental stewardship.
The origins and conceptualizations of ‘triple-loop’ learning: A critical review
Authors: Tosey Paul , Visser Max , Saunders Mark NK
Published: December 2011

In the organizational learning literature a variety of concepts exists denoting some third order of organizational learning, notably that of ‘triple-loop’ learning. Despite this there has been no systematic, critical consideration of this concept or its origins, impeding both theoretical development and empirical research. Whilst ‘triple-loop learning’ has been inspired by Argyris and Schön, we establish that the term does not arise in their published work. Indeed, we argue that conceptualizations of triple-loop learning are diverse, often have little theoretical rooting, are sometimes driven by normative considerations, and lack support from empirical research. We map the major influences on these conceptualizations, including Bateson’s framework of levels of learning, and offer an original theoretical contribution that distinguishes between three conceptualizations of ‘triple-loop learning’. We also highlight implications for practice, and caution against the uncritical preference for ‘higher levels’ of learning that is sometimes discernible in the literature and in practice.
Object interest in autism spectrum disorder: A treatment comparison
Authors: Mcduffie Andrea S. , Lieberman Rebecca G. , Yoder Paul J.
Published: December 2011

A randomized control trial comparing two social communication treatments for children with autism spectrum disorder examined the effect of treatment on object interest. Thirty-two children, 18–60 months, were randomly assigned to the Picture Exchange Communication System (PECS) or Responsive Education and Prelinguistic Milieu Teaching (RPMT) condition. Assessment of object interest was conducted in an unstructured play session with different toys, activities, adult, and location than experienced in treatment. Results indicated children in the RPMT condition showed greater increases in object interest as compared to children in the PECS condition. Because child characteristics such as interest in objects may influence response to interventions using object play as contexts for treatment, it is important to improve our understanding of whether intervention can affect object interest.
Receptive multilingualism and language understanding: Intelligibility of Azerbaijani to Turkish speakers
Authors: Sağın-Şimşek Çiğdem , König Wolf
Published: December 2011

This article presents an investigation of language understanding within the framework of receptive multilingualism. That Turkish and Azerbaijani are closely related languages within the Oghuz branch of the Turkic languages leads to the assumption that Turkish and Azerbaijani are mutually intelligible languages. That is, speakers of these two different languages of Turkic origin can comprehend each other without much difficulty. This article aims to consider whether these languages are, in fact, as mutually intelligible as estimated, especially on the part of the Turkish speakers. In other words, within the framework of this study, the focus is on how well Turkish speakers understand written and spoken Azerbaijani. In addition, the study asks whether there is any risk of understanding failure on the part of Turkish speakers and, if yes, it will examine the grounds of such understanding failure. The results of this study in which 30 Turkish participants took part show that even though Turkish and Azerbaijani are typologically similar languages, on the part of Turkish speakers the intelligibility is not as high as is estimated.