bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Éduquer à l’incertitude : culture de l’information et esprit critique, une approche comparée
Authors: Lehmans Anne
Published: March 2021

L’incertitude est une question centrale pour les sciences de l’information et de la communication et pour les sciences de l’éducation, particulièrement dans l’analyse du rapport entre information, apprentissage et connaissance. Du point de vue de l’éducation, elle interroge le rapport à la vérité et est liée à la formation de l’esprit critique. Incertitude et esprit critique sont examinés au regard des normes sociales et scolaires, des représentations et des pratiques des enseignants autour de l’information, dans une perspective comparative et synthétique des politiques d’éducation à l’information. L’approche des cultures de l’information, centrée sur les dimensions stratégique et communicationnelle, permet de mettre l’incertitude au cœur de l’apprentissage de la démarche d’enquête et de controverse.
Éduquer sans l’école : qui ? pourquoi ? comment ? Résultats d’enquêtes en territoires francophones
Authors: Brabant Christine
Published: March 2021

L’apprentissage en famille (AEF) est en croissance dans le monde comme le corpus international de recherche sur ce thème, mais il est peu étudié en francophonie. Ce travail, appuyé sur des données d’enquêtes au Québec, en Suisse romande et en France, rapporte et compare les profils des familles, les motivations parentales et leurs pratiques pédagogiques. Leurs caractéristiques sociodémographiques les distinguent peu de la population générale, sauf une surreprésentation de diplômés universitaires et de détenteurs d’une formation ou expérience de travail en éducation. Ces parents choisissent l’AEF pour vivre un projet éducatif en famille, par souci du bien-être de leurs enfants, pour améliorer l’expérience d’apprentissage et parce qu’ils critiquent le système d’éducation. Leurs pratiques éducatives sont diversifiées, ces familles trouvant dans l’AEF des réponses à leurs attentes et à des besoins éducationnels, souvent particuliers, mettent au jour des défis sur l’évolution et la gouvernance démocratique des systèmes éducatifs.
École, travail, loisir. Quand l’éducation scolaire rencontre l’éducation buissonnière
Authors: Barrère Anne , Noûs Camille
Published: March 2021

Cet article explore la dualité de l’expérience adolescente contemporaine pour en cerner les conséquences sur l’éducation. L’école et le travail scolaire, obligatoires et porteurs d’enjeux décisifs en termes d’avenir social et professionnel, rencontrent aujourd’hui de manière constante d’autres activités choisies et pratiquées dans les loisirs, dans une sphère hétérogène aimantée et densifiée par le numérique. Cette réflexion est portée par une interrogation sur la spécificité de l’éducation scolaire et la nature de l’écart qu’elle peut avoir face à des évolutions sociétales susceptibles à certains égards d’en affaiblir la légitimité.
Apprendre sur soi : le voyage touristique auto-organisé au long cours comme espace-temps d’apprentissage
Authors: Brougère Gilles
Published: March 2021

À partir d’un travail d’observation ethnographique et d’entretiens in situ, l’article décrit et analyse les apprentissages, essentiellement sur soi, effectués dans l’espace-temps de voyages auto-organisés d’une longueur supérieure à deux mois par des personnes déjà engagées dans la vie active. Il s’agit d’un espace vécu comme autre, ce qui en fait l’intérêt touristique, mais qui peut être porteur d’épreuve pendant un temps suffisamment long pour permettre de prendre son temps, de se “relâcher”, autre condition essentielle de la situation informelle d’apprentissage, qu’elle soit tacite, fortuite ou marquée par une logique d’autoformation. Enfin, c’est à travers le discours lié aux échanges avec d’autres touristes ou avec le chercheur-touriste que peuvent se révéler voire s’effectuer ces apprentissages.
« Moments intenses » et vécus de transe en thérapie familiale avec une famille à transaction addictive
Authors: Duriez Nathalie
Published: March 2021

Cet article s’intéresse aux « moments intenses » vécus en thérapie familiale avec une famille à transaction addictive et au rôle de la transe dans le processus de changement. Nous avons interrogé une famille, parents et enfant séparément, ainsi que leur thérapeute, puis nous avons analysé selon une perspective phénoménologique le contenu de la séance identifiée par la famille. Les résultats montrent la présence d’un vécu de transe à différents moments : d’abord celle du thérapeute qui amorcera un processus de contre-induction, ensuite une transe relationnelle qui peut ressembler à une dispute entre le thérapeute et la famille et enfin la transe d’un des membres de la famille qui présentera la situation sous un nouvel angle, activant ainsi un processus de changement qui se traduit par une communication plus ouverte et plus respectueuse et par l’évolution du mythe familial.
Reconquérir la ville : marche et création dans Buenos Aires Tour (2004) de Jorge Macchi et María Negroni
Authors: Klein Paula
Published: March 2021

Construite à partir d’un assemblage de textes littéraires, d’« écritures ordinaires » (Fabre 1993) et de documentation photographique et sonore, Buenos Aires Tour (2004), des Argentins Jorge Macchi et María Negroni, est une œuvre multisupport fondée sur des parcours « sous contrainte ». Cet article abordera, tout d’abord, la manière dont l’œuvre adopte la forme d’un « projet-à-réaliser » – démocratique, collectif et soumis à des protocoles d’écriture stricts – proposant au lecteur-flâneur de transformer l’espace urbain en une source d’expérience esthétique. Dans un deuxième temps, nous analyserons une série de stratégies textuelles et visuelles qui contribuent à présenter l’œuvre comme une archive éclatée de la ville, un ensemble d’« instantanés » de la vie quotidienne de Buenos Aires.
Representación literaria e icónica de México y el mexicano en la posindependencia y la posrevolución
Authors: Encinas Gerardo Francisco Bobadilla , Cabrera Daniel Avechugo
Published: March 2021

Con la articulación de específicas representaciones escriturarias y plásticas, la literatura mexicana del siglo XIX colaboró junto con las otras manifestaciones de las Bellas letras en la conformación de un entramado discursivo e icónico que diera representatividad y trascendencia al hombre y al espacio-tiempo mexicano recién independizados.Mediante el estudio de textos como Viaje sentimental a San Ángel (1843), de Manuel Payno, Los Mexicanos pintados por sí mismos y México y sus alrededores, ambos de 1855, entre otros, se busca reflexionar sobre las particularidades discursivas e icónicas de la palabra artística y su incidencia en la creación de específicas imágenes del hombre y el espacio-tiempo mexicanos, apuntando al menos las concomitancias que ese mismo proceso definitorio tuvo durante las revolución y posrevolución mexicana.
Le genre philippin des letras y figuras dans la deuxième moitié du xixe siècle
Authors: Sinardet Emmanuelle
Published: March 2021

Les letras y figuras sont un genre pictural philippin singulier, qui connaît son essor au milieu du xixe siècle avec le boom commercial lié aux activités portuaires de Manille. Ancêtres du souvenir de voyage et de la carte postale, ces aquarelles représentent les espaces publics de Manille, en images avec les traditionnelles vues des places, rues, monuments emblématiques de la ville, mais également par le biais de lettres incluant le dessin de figures humaines.Ces lettres forment le nom du commanditaire de l’aquarelle. Elles sont elles-mêmes formées par les personnages familiers qui peuplent – autant qu’ils les caractérisent, non sans inspiration costumbrista – les espaces publics représentés dont ils sont aussi le visage, comme nous tenterons de le montrer. La lecture est donc également idéogrammique, si bien que le nom se trouve « incrusté » dans les espaces publics représentés, dont il devient un élément constitutif à part entière.Ce procédé original de mise en images et en lettres de Manille nous semble, à cet égard, accompagner l’émergence d’une conscience philippine. Car les letras y figuras ne sont pas seulement commandées à l’artiste par de riches marchands étrangers de passage, mais par ces ilustrados (comme les appelle l’historiographie philippine) issus de la jeune bourgeoisie métisse, éduquée et libérale, qui rivalisent désormais avec les peninsulares en influence et prestige. Il s’agira de montrer comment, à travers la représentation des espaces publics en tant qu’espaces policés, harmonieux et urbanisés, les letras y figuras projettent sur la capitale hispano-philippine les valeurs et les aspirations ilustradas.
Espace public et tango. Les enjeux d’une construction sociopolitique et identitaire
Authors: Prioul Françoise
Published: March 2021

Né dans les milieux de migrants « rioplatenses » de la fin du xixe siècle, le tango pose la question du statut, des fonctions de l’espace public, et du rapport de celui-ci à l’essence de la société. Le tango se place aussi sous le double signe du contact culturel et de l’ambiguïté car il investit une série d’espaces « hybrides » dont les fonctions deviennent mouvantes (conventillos, etc.). Ces lieux sont également des espaces de mise en scène où s’élaborent les mythes fondateurs d’une société nouvelle. Dès lors, l’hostilité première des classes dirigeantes et de l’Église traduisait une conscience plus ou moins nette des bouleversements sociopolitiques profonds et inéluctables dont le tango était le symptôme. Car il constitue un espace public discursif et symbolique où ont fini par converger dans un discours identitaire des groupes sociaux opposés. Ce sont ces aspects complexes que nous nous proposons d’analyser.
Théâtre et exil entre le Río de la Plata et le Pacifique (1835-1855)
Authors: Blumenthal Edward
Published: March 2021

L’importance de la sphère publique habermassienne pour les jeunes romantiques du Río de la Plata et des pays voisins a reçu une attention particulière depuis quelques décennies. Cette nouvelle légitimation de la politique coïncidait avec des vagues importantes d’exil, notamment celle de la « jeune Argentine » qui s’opposa à la dictature du gouverneur de Buenos Aires, Juan Manuel de Rosas, et qui se dispersa sur les côtes du Pacifique, surtout dans les années 1840. L’objet de cette contribution est d’examiner comment le théâtre, déjà vu comme une pratique civilisatrice, se convertit en un lieu de sociabilité et d’expression politique, étroitement connecté au journalisme politique et au combat des émigrés. Des comédiens porteños en exil formèrent des compagnies qui voyagèrent le long des côtes du Pacifique, et un public d’émigrés les accueillit chaleureusement dans les théâtres et dans la presse, comme un symbole et une expression de leur situation politique.
De l’information à la photo-choc
Authors: Delprat François
Published: March 2021

Dans la perspective adoptée par Jean-Pierre Esquenazi (L’écriture de l’actualité. Pour une sociologie du discours médiatique) l’existence des médias est soumise à un projet commun : ils doivent permettre au public de se faire une idée de l’état du monde. À ce projet répond la représentation de l’actualité, images et textes, que la revue El Cojo Ilustrado, consacre, au fil des ans, à des conflits tour à tour proches et lointains : la guerre à Cuba entre l’Espagne et les États-Unis, en 1898, le blocus des ports vénézuéliens par la flotte internationale anglaise, allemande et italienne, en 1902, puis la guerre russo-japonaise de 1904-1905, et ensuite le début de la Première Guerre mondiale, en 1914-1915.Bi-hebdomadaire, la revue El Cojo Ilustrado, publiée à Caracas à partir de 1892, offre à un public hispano-américain l’actualité de la société vénézuélienne et hispano-américaine, ainsi que de très riches pages culturelles et d’actualité scientifique. L’illustration en photogravure, très nourrie, donne la première place à la reproduction de tableaux et à la photographie, de plus en plus marquée par la représentation des événements en cours.Cette contribution montre que les conflits les plus proches, la guerre de Cuba, puis le blocus de ports vénézuéliens font l’objet d’une très sobre présentation, puis que cela évolue soudain, en 1904, et plus encore en 1914, vers une surabondance de photos et de légendes et d’articles de fond sur le conflit : images multiples, passant de la mise en scène du réel au pathétique, énonçant violences et atrocités en un discours sensationnaliste ; texte et image qui s’inscrivent sous le concept de photo-choc (Roland Barthes).
La représentation de l’urbain dans le travail photographique de Javier Godoy
Authors: Maass Nicolas Folch
Published: March 2021

L’espace public est au carrefour d’un système de normes sociales et de l’activité interprétative de celui-ci. À travers le projet photographique El Eje, de Javier Godoy, nous nous intéresserons ici aux limitations et possibilités de représentation iconique de cette relation qui fonde l’urbain dans la capitale du Chili, Santiago.
La figure de Jorge Luis Borges dans l’espace médiatique français par le biais politique
Authors: Larrue Christophe
Published: March 2021

Cet article propose d’examiner comment les questions politiques ont marqué la réception de l’œuvre de Jorge Luis Borges par les médias français et comment furent reçues les déclarations de l’auteur à caractère politique.
« Escritores duplicados/Doubles d’écrivains » (19 septembre-1er novembre 2003)
Authors: Olivier Florence
Published: March 2021

Les gestes et les interventions de Mario Bellatin dans les espaces institutionnels voire officiels de la culture cherchent à mettre en crise les conventions de ces institutions et, au-delà, la politique culturelle ou le marché des biens culturels. Il s’agira, en l’occurrence, d’examiner les stratégies mises en place par l’écrivain à l’occasion du commissariat d’une exposition à l’Instituto de México à Paris, centre culturel de l’ambassade du Mexique en France. Mario Bellatin y a questionné les modes de présentation de la figure de l’écrivain dans l’espace public, jouant de la déception d’une attente convenue du public lors de festivals littéraires, de foires ou de salons du livre, de rencontres publiques d’écrivains dans des espaces institutionnels. De plus, il s’agit là d’une circonstance particulière qui mime les politiques d’échanges culturels binationaux. Il n’est pas indifférent que ces écrivains mexicains « doublés » aient fait l’objet d’une « exposition » à Paris, qui conserve une place symbolique non négligeable dans l’espace littéraire international. L’art comme critique s’est fondé lors de cette exposition sur des effets ludiques, esthétiques, théoriques, politiques. Cet article se fonde sur le livre bilingue qui a partiellement gardé la trace du projet et sur mon propre témoignage de l’expérience même du public, dont je faisais partie soir après soir.
L’espace connecté comme nouvel espace public de la littérature pour l’écrivain péruvien Diego Trelles Paz
Authors: Aubès Françoise
Published: March 2021

La littérature semble trouver aujourd’hui un nouvel espace public grâce aux technologies médiatiques comme Facebook, blog, twitter. Pour l’écrivain péruvien Diego Trelles Paz (1977), qui déclare : « el ciudadano y el literato conviven en un mismo cuerpo y concuerdan al opinar en público del acontecer político, cultural, literario y deportivo de distintos lugares », cet espace virtuel est indissociable de son travail d’écrivain.Auteur de nouvelles (Hudson el redentor, 2001, Adormecer a los felices, 2015), de trois romans (El Círculo de los escritores asesinos, 2005 ; Bioy, 2012 ; La Procesión infinita, 2017) ainsi que d’une anthologie de nouvelles (El Futuro no es nuestro, 2009), Diego Trelles Paz, formé au cinéma et au journalisme, occupe un espace médiatique très important sur Facebook : depuis son mur, il observe, commente et dénonce aussi bien la vie politique de son pays que la vie littéraire ou les faits divers. L’interventionnisme médiatique presque quotidien de l’écrivain nous amène à réfléchir sur la reformulation de la théorie du champ littéraire, le nouveau statut de l’écrivain connecté et les interactions plus ou moins conscientes entre le réel virtuel et l’écriture de la fiction.
Mémoires en exil
Authors: Ramos Ramírez Antonio
Published: March 2021

À l’occasion du 80ème anniversaire du coup d’État contre la République espagnole, qui déclencha la guerre d’Espagne entre 1936-1939, un groupe d’étudiants de l’Université Bretagne Sud à Lorient (UBS) eut l’opportunité de mener à bien un projet collectif autour de cette évènement majeur de l’histoire européenne contemporaine.
Perte, acquisition, transformations
Authors: Rubio-Milet Emma
Published: March 2021

En revenant sur le parcours migratoire d’une femme au sein d’une famille espagnole originaire de Galice immigrée en France et à travers le témoignage de sa fille, Amélie, qui tire un bilan négatif de la migration, cet article se propose, après avoir analysé les causes politiques et historiques qui ont produit deux types de migrations, l’exil politique et les émigrations « économiques », de comprendre et de montrer ce que les migrations font à la famille et comment les structures familiales survivent ou non à l’épreuve de la séparation dans le cas de parcours migratoires complexes ou comment des formes de « famille à distance » se recréent et survivent ou non aux ruptures et aux recommencements.
Mariées mais séparées
Authors: Niang-Ndiaye Marème
Published: March 2021

Cette contribution s’ancre dans un débat scientifique sur les tensions qui existent entre le mariage à distance et les mutations sociales et sociétales engendrées par la migration internationale. Son originalité est d’explorer le vécu, les perceptions et pratiques de femmes mariées au prisme de la séparation et de la distance inhérentes à la migration. Basée sur l’analyse de témoignages de femmes sénégalaises issus d’enquêtes de type biographique menées à Barcelone mais aussi de l’exploitation de vidéos et de documents de presse, cette étude vise à mettre en relief l’effet des contextes de migration sur les femmes mariées sénégalaises qui « restent » (au Sénégal) et sur celles parties vivre seules à Barcelone. Autrement dit, comment les arbitrages matrimoniaux s’analysent au prisme des situations contextuelles aussi bien de l’espace catalan que du Sénégal, entendues à la fois comme réalités structurelles, socio-économiques et culturelles qui caractérisent les lieux de départ et d’arrivée ?
Mobilités, dynamiques frontalières et intégration sous-régionale en zone CEMAC : le cas des commerçants de Kyé-Ossi
Authors: Mongbet Abêt
Published: March 2021

À cause du blocus frontalier imposé par le Gabon et la Guinée équatoriale au niveau de la frontière commune avec le Cameroun, les migrants venant de ce dernier s’accumulent à la frontière du côté camerounais à Kyé-Ossi. Cette accumulation engendre une sédentarisation des migrants, leur installation transitaire ou permanente, faisant de la localité une zone de diverses mobilités. Ce faisant, leur présence s’illustre par des mutations socio-spatiales qui transforment cette zone transfrontalière en territoire continu, processus accompagné par des actions étatiques. L’ensemble produit et anime grâce aux familles multisituées et leurs réseaux plusieurs formes de mobilités chez les commerçants qui pratiquent l’espace de manière différenciée. L’étude vise à comprendre si la continuité territoriale que procure cette dynamique transfrontalière assouplira les contrôles aux frontières ou au contraire renforcera leur herméticité.
Setting up a molecular diagnostic laboratory for SARS-CoV-2 testing: Experience of a single centre in a resource-constrained setting
Authors: Osaigbovo Iriagbonse I. , Igbarumah Isaac O. , Muoebonam Ekene B. , Obaseki Darlington E.
Published: March 2021

Background: Molecular detection of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is at the forefront of the global response to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. However, molecular diagnostic capabilities are poorly developed in many African countries. Efforts by the Nigeria Centre for Disease Control and other public health agencies to scale up facilities for molecular testing across the continent are well documented, but there are few accounts from the laboratories at the frontline.Intervention: As part of an institutional response to the COVID-19 pandemic, the University of Benin Teaching Hospital, Benin City, Nigeria, signed a memorandum of understanding with a World Bank-supported institution to obtain a non-proprietary testing platform, renovated an existing molecular virology laboratory and validated the test process to make SARS-CoV-2 testing readily available for decision-making by frontline health workers. These efforts resulted in the University of Benin Teaching Hospital’s inclusion in the Nigeria Centre for Disease Control COVID-19 molecular laboratory network. The laboratory achieved a turnover of 12 123 tests within 7 months of operation. Challenges faced and dealt with include incompatible equipment, limited skilled manpower, unstable (unreliable) electric power supply, disrupted procurement and supply chain, and significant overhead costs.Lessons learnt: Molecular diagnostic capability is essential in laboratory preparedness for pandemic response and can be achieved by establishing collaborative networks in low-resource settings.Recommendations: Molecular diagnostic capabilities attained during the COVID-19 pandemic should be maintained by governmental support of the local biotechnology sector, collaboration with partners and stakeholders and the expansion of diagnostics to include other diseases of public health importance.
Dietary management practices for type 1 diabetes mellitus by dietitians in KwaZulu-Natal
Authors: Dimitriades Megan E. , Pillay Kirthee
Published: March 2021

Background: In South Africa, 5% – 15% of diabetics have type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). Dietitians are an important part of the diabetes management team; however, there is a lack of published data on the dietary management practices for T1DM by dietitians.Aim: The aim of this study was to determine the dietary management practices for T1DM by dietitians in KwaZulu-Natal (KZN).Setting: This study was conducted in KZN.Methods: A cross-sectional, descriptive study was conducted using a self-administered electronic questionnaire.Results: Of the 69 dietitians who participated, 58% (n = 40) used the American Diabetes Association (ADA) guidelines to manage T1DM; just under 35% (n = 24) spent over an hour with new cases; and 87% (n = 60) used face-to-face consultations for follow-up. Dietitians used the glycaemic index, portion control using the healthy eating plate, carbohydrate counting using nutritional labels and household measures and carbohydrate awareness to manage T1DM (p 0.05). Dietitians also used the healthy eating plate (71%; n = 49) (p 0.05) and household measures (73.9%; n = 51) (p 0.05) to manage T1DM. Time constraints, the literacy level of the patient, available resources and language barriers all played a role in determining the dietary management practices used (p 0.05).Conclusion: Most dietitians in KZN used the ADA dietary guidelines to manage T1DM, which highlights the need for South African dietary guidelines for the management of T1DM. Dietitians used a variety of different dietary methods to manage T1DM in practice. This suggests that dietitians are flexible in how they manage T1DM with no one particular method being used. A variety of factors also influenced which dietary management practices were chosen.
Turning religion from cause to reducer of panic during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Wibisono Muhammad Y. , Truna Dody S. , Rahman Mohammad T.
Published: March 2021

Muslim communities in the village facing the COVID-19 Pandemic attempts to find refuge from the plague and hope for survival. However, this led to more caution, which may lead to xenophobia. Via ethnography, this study unmasks the xenophobic attitude. This research discusses the root causes of panic in the community so that remedies can be implemented. The research attempts to explain, from a socio-anthropological viewpoint, how people and religious groups in the village perceive the pandemic of COVID-19 based on their belief in their faith and in the science. The research takes place in Cigagak village, an area of approximately 7000 m2 on the outskirts of Bandung of West Java of Indonesia. This study examines the selected respondents (20 respondents as the samples) from about 190 inhabitants (as the population) who had close ties to managing places of worship (mosques) and public places. This study utilises a collaborative self-ethnographic method and qualitative analysis. The influence of COVID-19 has moved to new exclusive and disintegrating practices from the inclusion-cohesive religious tradition. Therefore, this study tries to find out ways on how to reduce exclusive perception and religious practices to a minimum level and how to disappear xenophobia. Amid the COVID-19 Pandemic, inclusive awareness and actions were re-established, and even social cohesiveness was fostered. This study concludes that in its deep conviction nature, theology can change exclusive behaviour to be inclusive if it is based on the religious principles that are raised in response to human events. In this case, the Muslim community in a village can change the fear of COVID-19 pandemic to be a reducer of the panic based on the support of the religious doctrines.Contribution: This article used a collaborative self-ethnography with a religious socio-anthropological viewpoint. This study could help to solve social problems through theological convergence in Islamic milieu, especially that of the government’s formal Islamic organisation and organic Islamic leaders of the society.
Perception of the influence of cultural diversity on business performance in the automotive component manufacturing in South Africa
Authors: Khumalo Philani M. , Zondo Robert W.D.
Published: March 2021

Orientation: Global market demands that organisations remain competitive, flexible and relevant in order to adequately react to culturally diverse changes in their human resources. This sentiment describes the importance of cultural diversity in organisations. However, cultural diversity phenomenon has not been given serious attention by business.Research purpose: This study examines the perception on the influence of cultural diversity on business performance in automotive component manufacturers in South Africa.Motivation for the study: Cultural diversity in the organisation has grown over the passage of time with an increase in globalisation. People no longer live in an insular environment. They are part of the worldwide economy competing within a global framework. Hence, cultural diversity becomes a way of creating competitive advantage.Research design, approach and methods: The study was quantitative in design, with middle-level managers in two large automotive component manufacturers in the eThekwini District Municipality in KwaZulu-Natal participating in the study. Of the 168 individuals identified for participation, 118 participated in the study, representing a 70.2% response rate. Descriptive, correlative and t-tests, using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) were used to analyse the data.Main findings: Study results indicates that a culturally diverse workforce is associated with greater organisational performance, improved strategic decision-making and innovation. Hence, organisations must manage cultural diversity among their workforce for the improvement of business performance.Managerial implications: Culturally diverse workforce are associated with greater organisational performance, improved strategic decision-making and innovation. Hence, management must develop an understanding of their cultural settings if their organisations are to perform effectively.Contribution: The original value of this study is its approach in uncovering the strengths and weaknesses of cultural diversity on business performance in South Africa.
Exudative pharyngitis and Corynebacterium pseudodiphtheriticum: A case report and review of the literature
Authors: Reddy Kessendri , Gericke Sebastian , Rabie Helena , Pienaar Colette , Maloba Motlatji
Published: March 2021

Corynebacterium pseudodiphtheriticum is an established member of the normal flora of the respiratory tract. This organism is an emerging cause of respiratory tract infection, as well as infection of the skin and skin structures, urinary tract and other sterile sites. The syndrome of C. pseudodiphtheriticum exudative pharyngitis is a diagnostic challenge of particular relevance in recent times as this organism can be confused with Corynebacterium diphtheriae in the clinical setting and in the laboratory. We report a case of exudative pharyngitis, possibly due to C. pseudodiphtheriticum, in a 14-month old, incompletely vaccinated, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive infant and review the role of this organism in terms of its microbiological profile and identification, disease spectrum and antimicrobial susceptibility pattern.
Affordability of IBM Cognos business intelligence tool features suitable for small-and medium-sized enterprises’ decision-making
Authors: Magoma Tshepo , Khumalo Sithembiso , Du Plessis Tanya
Published: March 2021

Background: Business intelligence (BI) tools are generally associated with organisations that have resources to purchase and implement these tools. Evidences abound regarding the correlation between BI tools and improved business decision-making. This study’s unit of analysis is affordability as a feature of IBM Cognos making it suitable for small-and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs).Objective: The research aim was to identify the fundamental features of IBM Cognos which would address decision-making needs of SMEs. The objective was to determine the significance of BI tool features by means of identifying affordable features suitable for SMEs’ decision-making.Method: Quantitative research design and a deductive approach were best suited for assessing the fundamental features of IBM Cognos for SMEs’ decision-making needs. The signification framework variables, such as presumed, prized and perceived value of BI tool features, werequantified and measured using statistical analysis tools. A non-probability convenience sampling technique was used with a sample size of 200, that is, 80 BI consultants, 60 SME BI developers and 60 SME managers.Results: Affordable key features of BI tools in the context of SMEs’ business decision-making include consistency and comfort, intuitive interface, avoiding impulsivity, cost effectiveness, availability of information, best programmed visualisations, reporting quickly and easily and financial decision-making.Conclusion: The signification framework’s presumed, prized and perceived value indicators link affordable BI tool features to the consistency of the decision-making process and present an alternative view of affordability. An intuitive interface relates to convenience and ease of authoring content, designing, building and securing reports to the SME, which helps inimproving consistent decision-making.
Illegitimate tasks of primary school teachers at selected schools in the Western Cape: A reality for a developing country?
Authors: Van Niekerk Zahn , Goosen Susanna , Adams Samantha P.
Published: March 2021

Orientation: The quality of basic education in South Africa is in need of interventions to improve the general standard of education offered in many public schools. Teachers and their work experiences are important factors that impact this standard.Research purpose: The aim of this study was to shed light on the factors that contribute to the experiences and outcomes of illegitimate tasks, as experienced by teachers, and the potential buffers to the negative effects of these tasks.Motivation for the study: The motivation for this study was to inform human resource practices and interventions to enhance the work experiences of teachers.Research approach/design and method: Exploratory qualitative research was conducted with 10 primary school teachers (n = 10) from a selected Western Cape education district. Responses to semi-structured individual interviews were transcribed verbatim, unedited and categorised into main themes through directed content analysis.Main findings: Environmental and psychological factors that lead to the experience of unnecessary and unreasonable illegitimate tasks, the time-consuming nature and outcomes of these tasks, as well as mechanisms that can buffer the harmful effects of illegitimate tasks, were identified.Practical/managerial implications: The identification of various contributing factors resulting in teachers’ experience of different types of illegitimate tasks and associated outcomes. Potential interventions and recommendations for future research are made.Contribution/value-addition: Qualitative studies regarding teachers’ experience of illegitimate tasks in the South African context are lacking. This article sheds light on the contributing factors, unnecessary and unreasonable tasks experienced and outcomes, as well as mechanisms that buffer the effect of illegitimate tasks amongst primary school teachers.
Stem Cell Therapy in Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Kumar Amit , Rawat Dimple , Prasad Kameshwar
Published: March 2021

Background and Objective:

Stem cell therapy has emerged as a potential therapy for the treatment of stroke. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of published randomized controlled studies using various types of stem cell therapies in patients with ischemic stroke (IS).

Method:

Literature search was carried out using PubMed, Google Scholar, Cochrane library, and clinicaltrial.gov to identify studies on stem cell therapy in IS from its inception till January 2020. Data were extracted independently by two reviewers. STATA version 13 was used for carrying out meta- analysis. We included only randomized controlled trials (RCTs) if any of the stem cell therapy was used to treat patients with IS in any phase after the index stroke.

Results:

We included a total of eight randomized controlled studies involving 459 subjects (217 intervention and 242 controls) in the meta-analysis. We did not observe statistically significant reduction in mean NIHSS score in the intervention group (SMD - 0.34, 95% CI - 0.76 to 0.08) in patients with acute or sub-acute stroke. However, a statistically significant reduction (SMD - 1.57, 95% CI -2.22 to -0.92) was observed in patients with chronic ischemic stroke. Statistically non-significant reduction in mean mRS in the intervention group (SMD 0.04, 95% CI -0.20 to 0.28) in patients with acute or sub-acute ischemic stroke was observed, however a statistically significant reduction (SMD - 1.07, 95% CI - 1.94 to -0.19) was noted in patients with chronic stroke. We did not observe statistically significant reduction in mean Barthel index score (SMD 0.24, 95%CI -1.69 to 2.17) in chronic stroke. Statistically non-significant lower mortality rate was observed in intervention group compared to controls (Risk Ratio 0.84, 95% CI 0.43 to 1.66) among acute or sub-acute, as well as in the chronic stroke group (Risk Ratio 0.47, 95% CI 0.20 to 1.09).

Conclusion:

Our meta-analysis provides no clinically important evidence for efficacy of stem cells in reducing neurological deficit compared to control group. Well-designed large randomized controlled trials are required to provide more information on the efficacy of stem cell therapy in patients with IS.
Cardiac Pauses in Critically Ill Coronavirus Disease-2019 Patients
Authors: Awwab Hajra , Solorzano Juan I. , Jaisingh Keerthish C. , Singireddy Sampath , Bailey Steven , Dominic Paari
Published: March 2021

Importance:

Coronavirus disease 2019 is associated with a variety of arrhythmias. However, there are limited data regarding bradyarrhythmias and cardiac pauses in COVID-19.

Objective:

The objective was to characterize significant cardiac pauses in critically ill COVID-19 patients.

Design:

This was a case series of 26 consecutive patients with confirmed COVID-19 at an academic medical center in Shreveport, Louisiana.

Setting:

The study was conducted in the intensive care unit (ICU) and step-down ICU.

Participants:

Patients were either on mechanical ventilation or high-flow oxygen by nasal cannula.

Main Outcomes and Measures:

Demographic, clinical, laboratory, and medication data were analyzed. Continuous telemetry monitoring was utilized to record number, type, and duration of bradyarrhythmic events as well as their risk determinants.

Results:

The median age of the 26 patients was 49.5 years (range 33–78). Fifteen (57.7%) were men. Incidence of significant bradycardia and cardiac pauses, defined as an event, occurred in 11 (42.3%) patients. The median age of patients with an event was 57 years (range 33–66) and 5 (45.5%) were men. The average pause duration was 6.77 s with a range of 1.6–30 s. Five of 11 (45.5%) patients had high-grade atrioventricular (AV) nodal block. One patient required temporary pacemaker insertion for complete heart block and recurrent asystole arrests. A trend toward higher troponin I level in bradyarrhythmia patients was noted (mean troponin I was 2.72 ng/mL, [standard deviation] 4.48) compared to patients without event(s) (mean 0.42 ng/mL 0.52, P = 0.07).

Conclusions and Relevance:

Significant bradycardic events in critically ill patients with COVID-19 occurred in 42.3% of patients. This is the first case series of such events in COVID-19 patients. Increased awareness of these findings could affect management techniques and call for enhanced monitoring of such patients.
Emergency medical care in dentistry
Authors: Hashim Raghad , Mathew Lity Susan , Rustom Suhad , Amer Fatima , Odeh Ruba
Published: March 2021

Background:

The possibility of a medical crisis, albeit a relatively uncommon occurrence in a dental practice, is often overlooked and it is imperative that dental practitioners equip themselves with the knowledge and skills essential to manage potentially life-threatening situations. The aim of this study was to evaluate the knowledge and competency levels of dental undergraduate students training across universities in the UAE in basic life support (BLS) and medical emergencies in a dental setting.

Methods:

A cross-sectional survey-based study was conducted and 411 students undergoing clinical training (4th and 5th year of dental school) voluntarily participated in this study. The questionnaire comprised questions related to commonly occurring medical emergencies that they may have encountered in a dental setting. Data collected were then tabulated and subjected to descriptive statistical analysis.

Results:

More than half of the respondents (55.2%) reported that they had lower confidence in handling medical emergencies, with 54.7% claiming that they had not received training on the subject during their undergraduate course. Majority of the respondents (216) reported that they would only choose to record vital signs if the medical history of the patient was indicative of an underlying condition.

Discussion:

Findings from the present study strongly mandate the inclusion of training for BLS and medical emergencies in the existing dental curriculum to equip graduate dental practitioners to handle a medical crisis in their dental practice.
Expanded dengue syndrome with small–medium-vessel vasculitis
Authors: Jose Augustine , Dhar Minakshi , Panda Prasan Kumar , Kishore Sanjeev
Published: March 2021

Expanded dengue syndrome (EDS) is a well-described entity in the literature (after 2009), with various new atypical presentations being identified each year. We report a case of 38-year-old man who presented to the emergency department with high-grade, intermittent fever for 7 days along with myalgia and headache. He had multiple painless palpable purpura over both lower limbs and breathlessness from the 4th day of fever. On admission, purpura progressed in the severity and dry impending gangrene of the toes of both feet developed. Blood cultures turned out to be sterile, and other infectious markers (malaria, scrub typhus, and chikungunya) were negative except for dengue serology (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay-immunoglobulin M [ELISA-IgM]). Skin biopsy confirmed to be cutaneous small-vessel vasculitis. The respiratory distress was due to myocarditis (supported by raised NT-pro-BNP levels) and pulmonary edema. He also had possibly hemolytic anemia due to microangiopathy. Although there are many EDS cases of dengue myocarditis reported till date, dengue resulting in widespread endothelial activation and extensive vasculitis (small vessel due to purpura and medium vessel due to gangrene) is a rare phenomenon.
Impact of blood alcohol concentration on hematologic and serum chemistry parameters in trauma patients
Authors: Kelley Kathryn Clare , Salen Philip , Wojda Thomas R. , Hasani Aliaskar Z. , Luster Joshua , Seoane Jacqueline , Cohen Marissa Zwiebel , Castillo Roberto , Stawicki Stanislaw P.
Published: March 2021

Background:

Alcohol (EtOH) intoxication is common among trauma patients. While providers are familiar with the clinical aspects of acute EtOH intoxication, few studies have investigated the effects that EtOH levels may have on common laboratory markers. The aim of this study was to identify hematologic and serum chemistry parameters that may be affected by the blood alcohol concentration (BAC), hypothesizing that BAC influences both comprehensive blood count (CBC) and comprehensive serum chemistry (CSC) components.

Methods:

We performed an IRB-exempt institutional registry review of all trauma patients who had serum EtOH levels measured between January 2009 and June 2015. Data for each patient included: patient demographics, BAC determinations (g/dL), injury mechanism/severity information (ISS), hematologic parameters included in a CBC (hemoglobin, hematocrit, white blood cell [WBC] count, and platelet count), and CSC panel components (sodium, potassium, chloride, bicarbonate, blood urea nitrogen [BUN], creatinine, glucose, and hepatic function tests). Laboratory markers were contrasted across predefined categories of BAC: <0.10%, 10%–15%, 15%–20%, and >20%. Statistical comparisons were performed using SPSS 18 Software, employing analysis-of-covariance with adjustments performed for the patient demographics and injury characteristics. Statistical significance was set at α = 0.005.

Results:

A total of 2167 patient records were analyzed. After adjusting for patient age, gender, and ISS, increasing BAC correlated with 4.8% increase in hemoglobin and 32.5% higher hematocrit (both P < 0.001), as well as a 27.8% decrease in WBC count. There were also statistically significant differences between low (<0.10%) and high (>0.20%) BAC groups across multiple CSC parameters, with largest impact on BUN (32.2% decrease); creatinine (31.5% decrease); and glucose (13.6% decrease) values. Elevated BAC (>0.20 g/dL) was also associated with 81.8% increase in total bilirubin, and hepatic transaminases were elevated among patients with BAC >0.10.

Conclusion:

Due to the paucity of literature relating to the effects of BAC on serum hematologic and biochemical markers in acute trauma, this study provides a foundation for further exploration of these relationships and their clinical impact. More specifically, we found that BAC levels significantly influenced key laboratory markers, suggesting that acute EtOH intoxication may lead to hematologic and CSC changes that are potentially important in acute trauma management by frontline clinical staff.
Statin therapy improves serum Annexin A1 levels in patients with acute coronary syndrome
Authors: Al-Kuraishy Hayder M. , Al-Gareeb Ali I. , Samy Oula Mohamed
Published: March 2021

Background:

The objective of the study is to estimate the protective role of statins in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) through modulation of annexin A1 (AnxA1) serum levels.

Methods:

A total number of 63 patients with ACS were recruited compared with 25 healthy control subjects. The enrolments were divided into – Group (A): Patients with ACS on atorvastatin (n = 20), Group (B): Patients with ACS on rosuvastatin (n = 20), Group (C): Patients with ACS but not on statin therapy (n = 23), and Group (D): Healthy controls (n = 25). Body mass index and both systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressures were measured. Lipid profile, atherogenic index, cardiac risk ratio, cardiovascular risk index, and human AnxA1 level were estimated.

Results:

AnxA1 serum level was higher in patients with ACS (3.35 ± 0.84) compared with healthy controls (1.71 ± 0.91) and nonstatin using patients (1.47 ± 0.76) (P = 0.005).

Conclusion:

AnxA1 serum level is reduced in patients with ACS compared with healthy controls. Patients with ACS on statins therapy showed a higher level of AnxA1 compared with patients with ACS but not on statin therapy.
Use of intensive care unit priority model in directing intensive care unit admission in Sudan
Authors: Abdalrahman Ihab B. , Elgenaid Shaima N. , Babiker Ahmed Mohammed Alhadi
Published: March 2021

Background:

The shortage of specialized intensive care beds is one of the principal factors that limit intensive care unit (ICU) admissions. This study explores the utilization of priority criteria in directing ICU admission and predicting outcomes.

Methods:

This was a prospective cross-sectional study conducted in two ICUs in Sudan from April to December 2018. Patients were assessed for ICU admission and were ranked by priority into Groups 1, 2, 3, and 4 (1 highest priority and 4 lowest priority), and these groups were compared using independent t-test, Chi-square, and ANOVA.

Results:

A total of 180 ICU admitted patients were enrolled, 53% were male. The prioritization categories showed that 86 (47.8%), 50 (27.8%), 13 (7.2%), and 31 (17.2%) were categorized as priority 1, 2, 3, and 4, respectively. Patients in priority groups 3 and 4had significantly higher ICU mortality rates compared to those in groups 1 and 2 (P < 0.001), were likely to be older (P < 0.001), had significantly more comorbidities (P = 0.001), were more likely to be dependent (P < 0.001), and had longer ICU length of stay (P = 0.028).

Conclusion:

Patients classified as priority 3 and 4 were predominantly older and had many comorbidities. They were likely to be dependent, stay longer in ICU, and exhibit mortality.
Surgical and Nonsurgical Treatments for Proximal Femur Fractures
Authors: Frydoni Masoud Bahrami , Esmaeilnejad-Ganji Seyed Mokhtar
Published: March 2021

The number of proximal femoral fractures is increasing due to traumatic injuries, falls, and heavy exercises. In femoral neck fractures, a number of screws or a device called dynamic hip screw (DHS) are commonly used to fix the fractured hip. In intertrochanteric fractures, DHS or intramedullary nailing (IMN) is usually used to fix the fracture. In subtrochanteric fractures, IMN is usually used to fix the fracture. An orthopedic physician may decide not to perform the surgery only in patients who do not tolerate surgery due to severe and advanced comorbidities or patients who could not walk even before fracture. Rarely, in some types of hip fractures that are completely stable and nondisplaced, the physician may decide to use nonsurgical treatments, mostly bed-rest at home. However, this type of treatment is associated with the risk of further fracture displacement, during the rest period. If a nonsurgical treatment is chosen, strict follow-ups and frequent radiographies should be performed for the patient's fractures so that the physician can be informed if fractures are dislocated and, if necessary, perform surgery on the patient.
НАУКОВІ ОСНОВИ УПРАВЛІННЯ ПРОЕКТАМИ МІСЬКИХ ПАСАЖИРСЬКИХ ПЕРЕВЕЗЕНЬ
Authors: Dolia Olena , Dolia Kostiantyn
Published: March 2021

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