bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Long-term effect of lens extraction on anterior angle morphology in primary angle closure glaucoma
Authors: Wang Linhao , Deng Chaohua , Wang Junming
Published: October 2022

Background
To evaluate dynamic changes in anterior segment biometric parameters after lens extraction (LE) in different subtypes of primary angle-closure glaucoma (PACG).
Methods
We conducted a prospective cohort study in 35 eyes of 27 patients with PACG who were enrolled between October 2019 and January 2021. Patients underwent ultrasound biomicroscopy before and after LE surgery. All enrolled eyes were classified into two subgroups according to their angle morphology: pure pupillary block group (PPB) and non-pure pupillary block group (NPPB). Follow-up examinations were performed postoperatively (at 1, 3, and 6 months) to observe dynamic changes in the anterior chamber angle.
Results
PPB was identified in 11 eyes (31%) and NPPB was identified in 24 eyes (69%). The change in anterior chamber depth was similar in both groups, while improvements in the angle opening distance at 500 µm and the trabecular-iris angle were larger in the PPB group than those in NPPB group at 1-month, 3-month, and 6-month follow-up. The trabecular ciliary process distance and the trabecular ciliary angle increased statistically significantly after surgery in both groups. Ciliary body thickness at the scleral spur and iris thickness showed no statistically significant changes postoperatively in either group.
Conclusions
LE has a weaker long-term effect in widening the anterior chamber angle in eyes with non-pure pupillary block mechanism than in eyes with pure pupillary block mechanism. LE cannot eliminate the configuration of the anterior ciliary position. Clinicians should perform individualized treatments for PACG according to the relevant angle-closure mechanisms.
Correlation analysis between ambient air VOCs and respiratory diseases in different regions of petrochemical cities in western China
Authors: Lu Chang , Haixia Ding , Xia Wang
Published: October 2022

With the development of society volatile organic compounds in the atmosphere are widely concerned. Many of these species are thought to be closely related to ozone in the atmosphere. Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) were collected for one year from March 2021 to February 2022 in three areas of petrochemical cities in Northwest China, including PAMs and 99 organic compounds in To-15 except aldehydes and ketones. These VOCs are composed of a variety of organic compounds, which include alkanes, olefins, halogenated hydrocarbons, aromatic hydrocarbons, etc. These compounds are specific marker molecules or organic tracers of their origin. Principal component analysis was used to attribute species to statistical data using the maximum variance method and to score the VOC concentration levels in different areas. The change in correlation was then calculated from the number of respiratory morbidity cases obtained from public health hospitals in the respective regions. Studies have found a clear relationship between VOC concentration levels and the onset of respiratory disease in the fall and winter. in the fall and winter can effectively reduce public health risks.
Green bonds liquidity in COVID19 and low carbon investments in China: A stochastic trend analysis
Authors: Wang Yi , Chang Lei
Published: October 2022

Central banks and regulators increasingly consider climate-related financial risks (CRFR) relevant to their responsibilities for maintaining financial stability and using daily data from 2016–2021. Specifically, we used the S&P Green Bond Price Index, the Solactive Global Solar Price Index, the Solactive Global Wind Price Index, and the S&P Global Clean Energy and Carbon Price Index as our data set. We use the TVP-VAR method to probe return spill overs and interconnectedness. We test several portfolio strategies, including the minimum variance portfolio, the minimum correlation portfolio, and the more recent minimum connectedness portfolio. However, the evolving policy structure for dealing with CRFR has generally focused on market-based solutions that attempt to address perceived data gaps that preclude the appropriate pricing of CRFR, even though CRFR is thought to have certain distinctive features. Disclosure, openness falls within category. We propose limiting the approach's influence since CRFR is characterized by extreme attainable. A 'precautionary' financial policy option is presented as an alternative, providing a conceptual foundation for justifying more aggressive financial policy intervention in the present to better cope with these long-term dangers.
Population characteristics and movement of native and exotic turtles in urban area
Authors: ROCHA SABINE BORGES , ROUCO CARLOS , Grou Carlos Eduardo , Ferreira Vanda Lúcia
Published: October 2022

The impacts from urban areas may result in alterations in environmental characteristics and wild populations dynamics. Therefore, we aimed at assessing population size, density, home range, maximum range of movement and habitat selection of native and aliens freshwater turtles in a Brazilian urban park (Phrynops geoffroanus-PG, Trachemys dorbigni-TD, Trachemys scripta elegans-TSE). We applied capture-mark-recapture procedures from July/2016 to August/2018. Home ranges were estimated from trap locations using a 100% minimum convex polygon (MCP) method, and habitat selections using eigenanalysis. We sampled 41 PG, 35 TD, and 20 TSE. Population size was estimated as 59 ± 7.6 (PG), 36 ± 1.4 (TD), and 20 ± 0.5 (TSE) individuals (± SE), with a density estimates of 1.36 (0.34), 1.72 (0.36), and 0.87 (0.25) individual/ha (± SE), respectively. Home ranges size ranged between 0.04 ha and 0.48 ha, the highest distance was reached by D'Orbigny's slider (525.8 m). Our results indicate that habitat preferred for all species is clearly influenced by human presence, and the turtle assemblage exhibit strategies as temporal segregation to coexist on this small, closed park. Both the presence of two established populations of invasive alien species and the changing movement of freshwater turtles reflect anthropic pressure on wild population dynamics and the lack of effectiveness of environmental policies and inspection in Brazil. The understanding that wild populations are being affected even in conservation units could be considered by the managers implement monitoring of target wild populations, control of exotic species, insertion of educational signs and actions, and control of visitors.
A Study of text mining for Chinese coal mine safety based on BILSTM-CRR-LDA
Authors: Xu Yinuo , Liang Yuntao , Jia Baoshan , Xiong Si , Xiao Qiyao
Published: October 2022

This is because text mining can reduce the time invested in pre-contextual research on coal mine safety in China. Therefore, this paper uses a combined BiLSTM-CRF model to handle the recognition of data. The optimal number of topics for LDA is determined by combining the perplexity and the topic variance, and this is done by manually annotating the coal mine safety corpus with the BIO annotation method. The BiLSTM-CRF combined model was then used to initially split the data into words and manually correct them. The combined BiLSTM-CRF model was repeatedly trained until the combined model met the word separation requirements. Finally, the LDA model was used to mine the data for topics. The results show that the combined BiLSTM-CRF model is able to recognise long proper nouns and achieve recognition in both English and Chinese. The combination of confusion and topic variance to determine the optimal number of topics for LDA can provide a reference for manual determination of the optimal number of topics for LDA.
Prevalence and factors associated with alcohol consumption among pregnant women attending antenatal care in a Rural District in Tete, Mozambique
Authors: Xavier Sancho Pedro , José Jorge Manuel , Cote Nelson Domingos , Xavi Ramim , Victor Audêncio
Published: October 2022

Background: Alcohol consumption during pregnancy is a significant public health and pregnancy-related problem, such as spontaneous abortion, stillbirth or low birth weight. According to the WHO, there is no safe amount of alcohol consumption during pregnancy. Studies show high rates of alcohol consumption during pregnancy in sub-Saharan African countries with a prevalence range (2.2-87%). This research aimed to determine the prevalence and factors associated with alcohol consumption among pregnant women attending antenatal care in a rural district of Tete, Mozambique. Methods: A cross sectional survey was conducted between May and June 2022. The non-probability convenience method was applied for sample selection. Prevalence was determined using a 95% CI. binary logistic Regression was used to determine the factors associated with alcohol consumption. Data were analysed using statistical SPPS v26 and Stata.
Results: a total of 177 pregnant women participated in the survey. The prevalence of alcohol consumption during pregnancy was 85.9% (152/177; 95% CI: 80.7-91.0), which was associated with increasing age (OR= 8.86; 95% CI: 2.646-29.687; p-value = 0.00 and OR= 9.81; 95% CI: 2.262-42.576; p-value = 0.002) respectively. In addition, another associated factor was following some religion (OR= 0.07; 95% CI: 0.020-0.246; p-value = 0.00).
Conclusion: The survey significantly reveals a high prevalence of alcohol consumption among pregnant women attended in a antenatal care in Chitima. Maternal age and religion were the variables that have some significant association with alcohol consumption during pregnancy. Therefore, interventions for behavioural change to reduce alcohol consumption during pregnancy are needed, especially in all age groups.
A lightweight grasping pose estimation method for retail warehousing
Authors: Yuan Qingni , Wang Chen , Qi Jianyou , Du Xiaoying
Published: October 2022

Robotic grasping has been widely used in various industries. How to meet the requirements of grasping accuracy and grasping speed at the same time is a challenging problem in real-time grasping tasks. In this paper, aiming at the real-time grasping task in retail warehousing, a lightweight grasping pose estimation model for retail warehousing is proposed. The model first uses the Focus module to perform lossless double downsampling, and learns each feature map of the upper layer through the dilated convolution block to expand the receptive field; then, the R-Resblock structure is improved to perform multi-scale feature fusion, and a lightweight RFB-SE module is designed to enrich feature information and reduce the number of parameters. Finally, after upsampling and restoring the image, the grasping quality, grasping angle, and grasping width of the target are regressed to obtain the optimal grasping pose of the target item. Experiments are carried out in the Cornell dataset, Jacquard dataset, and simulation environment respectively. The experimental results show that the method has a grasping accuracy of 97.8% and a grasping speed of 78FPS on the Cornell dataset. The success rate is 91.5%, and the grasping task in a retail warehouse environment is simulated in grasping simulation experiments.
Predictors and Highlights for pre- and post-exposure Prophylaxis Uptake among Men who have sex with Men in three large Cities in China
Authors: Wang Xiaofang , Li Jie , Sun Lijun , Liu An , Yu Yanping , Li Chongxi , Jiang Tianjun , Song Bin , Liu Xiaoning , Liu Jun
Published: October 2022

Background
Pre- and post-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP and PEP) haven’t been promoted among Chinese men who have sex with men (MSM) efficiently and nationally. As HIV prevalence among the population is high and increasing, it is urgent to facilitate PrEP and PEP promotion. This study aims to assess predictors for PrEP and PEP uptake and highlights for future promotion among MSM.
Methods
This cross-sectional study involved MSM in three large cities including Beijing, Shenzhen, and Kunming. We collected data by asking participants to scan a QR code with a cellphone and fill out an online questionnaire, which covers demographic and behavioral characteristics, and PrEP/PEP awareness and uptake. All participants provided online informed consent. The study protocol and informed consent form was approved by the institutional review board of National Center for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention.
Results
Between March and May 2019, the study enrolled 3,401 MSM. MSM being aware of, having consulted, and having taken PrEP and PEP accounted for 71.6%, 19.5%, 6.0%, 78.0%, 24.6%, and 11.4% respectively. Group sex and illicit drug use were associated with PrEP or PEP uptake. PrEP and PEP uptake was significantly associated with each other. MSM of 16-24 years old non-student were at higher risk of HIV infection and tested for HIV more frequently than other MSM, yet did not have higher PrEP/PEP uptake.
Conclusions
PrEP or PEP uptake was generally low among MSM in China. Integrating HIV testing, PrEP and PEP as an intervention package might facilitate PrEP/PEP uptake among the population. PrEP/PEP promotion should highlight MSM of 16-24 years old non-student.
Exploring midwifery competence and confidence based on midwives' experiences and stakeholders' insights in Kenya: A descriptive phenomenological approach
Authors: Tallam Edna , Kaura Doreen , Mash Robert
Published: October 2022

Background
Midwives who are educated and regulated to international standards can provide ninety percent of the needed essential care for women and newborns and reduce preventable maternal and child mortalities. However, inadequacies in midwifery care, especially in low- and middle-income countries, leads to lack of competence and confidence among midwives to achieve their potential.
The study objective was to explore midwives’ experiences and stakeholder insights into midwives’ competence and confidence in the four International Confederation of Midwives (ICM) domains; general competence, pre-pregnancy and antenatal care, labour and childbirth, and ongoing care of the woman and the baby.
Methods
A descriptive phenomenological study was utilised to explore these experiences. Ten midwives were purposively selected from subcounty, county and tertiary referral hospitals. Further, stakeholders (nine County Chief Nursing Officers and one Chief Executive Officer from the tertiary hospital in Kenya) were included. Interview guide questions were developed following the findings of the midwives’ self-perceived competence and confidence. All interviews were recorded, translated, and transcribed verbatim. Thematic analysis was done using the Colaizzi framework. Atlas. ti 9 software was utilised to assist with the coding categorisation and creating the themes.
Findings
Four themes emerged from the analysis. They included qualification categories, clinical practice experience, clinical practice environment and the need to optimise midwifery. In addition, multidisciplinary support and standardisation of midwifery practice were identified as key to promote the confidence and competence of midwives.
Conclusions
Midwives had disparities in competence and confidence during clinical practice, based on their different qualifications. A supportive environment emerged as necessary in enabling appropriate clinical experience, confidence, and competence. Standardisation of midwifery qualification promotes competence, which promotes the confidence of midwives in the clinical environment.
Identification and Validation of a lipid metabolism-Immune-Based Prognostic Multiomics Signature for Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Ma Yimin , Shi Yuanjie , Zhang Guohua
Published: October 2022

Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is one of the common oral cancers. This research is designed to establish a lipid metabolism-Immune-Based Prognostic Multiomics signature for OSCC and clarify the immune function, immune characteristics, the advantages of immune therapy, and pan-cancer analysis in the model-defined subgroups of OSCC. Based on lipid-metabolism-related genes and ESTIMATEScore, clustering analysis was applied to divide 373 OSCC samples into 21 high-immunity-lipid metabolism specimens and 172 low-immunity-lipid metabolism specimens. Through R packages “limma”, differential expression of mRNA, micro-RNA and DNA Methylation were identified. Then, the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) was applied to construct an 8-Multiomics Signature for predicting recurrence after surgery, and the risk model was validated in the TCGA-test and TCGA-train dataset. Afterward, the immune characteristics, immune function, and the advantages of ICI therapy in 8-Multiomics Signature subgroups were analyzed. Finally, the Pan-cancer analysis of eight symbols in the risk model was analyzed. In conclusion, 8-Multiomics Signature is a promising biomarker to distinguish the prognosis, the immune characteristics, and the immune benefit from immune therapy in OSCC.
The impact of distance learning on musculoskeletal health: a cross-sectional study in university students
Authors: Papageorgiou Konstantina , Mitrousias Vasileios , Tsirelis Daniil , Tzika Georgia , Tsekouras Alexandros , Zygas Nikolaos , Zibis Aristeidis
Published: October 2022

Purpose: During the past two years, in most institutions worldwide, educational activities were remodelled for remote delivery, due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The purpose of this study is to assess the effects of two-year distance learning on the physical activity and musculoskeletal health of university students.
Methods: This was a national, cross-sectional study using data collected via an online questionnaire distributed through university communication platforms, which included questions on online education routines, musculoskeletal health, and physical activity of university students.
Results: In total, 1366 students (65% female, 35% male) from 11 universities took part in the survey. The most common sites of reported pain were the neck (59.5%), shoulders (22.8%), back (29%), and low back (66.7%). Musculoskeletal pain was significantly increased during the lockdown, according to the VAS pain scale [Before: 2.7 (1.6); During: 5.5 (2.2), p<0.001). Everyday pain was referred by significantly more students during the lockdown (4.5% vs 36.1 %, p<0.001), while the percentage of asymptomatic students was significantly decreased (40.5% vs 6.1%, p<0.001). Concerning physical activity, the percentage of students who didn’t exercise significantly increased during the lockdown (15.1% vs 23.2%, p<0.001). Distance learning and total screen time were positively correlated with VAS pain scores. On the contrary, an increased frequency of ergonomic position, walking intervals, and physical activity was associated with significantly decreased VAS pain scores.
Conclusions: Distance learning and limited physical activity led to a significant increase in musculoskeletal pain of university students, while exercise and ergonomic body position were considered protective factors. Interventions to encourage physical activity and healthy studying habits should be developed by universities, since distance learning may be again necessary in the future.
The Discovery of Potential IGF1R Inhibitors: A Combination of Virtual Screening, Molecular Docking Studies, and in vitro/in vivo Biological Evaluation
Authors: Ruan Pinglang , Dai Pei , Mao Yu , Tang Zhongxiang , He Hanlin , Wu Guojun , Tan Yurong
Published: October 2022

Background
Insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF1R) is a newly discovered key receptor that allows RSV to enter cells. RSV and IGF1R fusion triggers PKCζ activation, promoting cell signaling by recruiting nucleolin from the nucleus to the plasma membrane. It is tempting to speculate that other pneumoviruses, including bovine RSV, bind to the IGF1R.
Methods
Natural products that are effective against IGF1R protein were screened from TargetMol drugs datas by virtual screening. Virtual screening and in vivo and in vitro experiments were carried out.
Results
The results showed that Tannic acid and Daptomycin had anti-RSV potential through reducing viral loads, inflammation, airway resistance and protecting alveolar integrity. And the IC50 values of tannic acid and daptomycin were the 6 nM and 0.45 µM, respectively.
Conclusions
Novel small-molecule inhibitors targeting the IGF1R, Tannic acid or Daptomycin, may be effective anti-RSV therapy agents.
High Potential New Industrial Species Enterobacter xiangfangenesis BUU37 for the Production of Succinic
Acid by Fermentation Using Cassava Starch Hydrolysate
Authors: Chamsart Saethawat , Ditkunchaimongkol Nattapoung , Rattanapradit Krongchan , Sukna Jatuporn , Malairuang Kwanruthai , Krajang Morakot
Published: October 2022

New organic acid-producing bacteria were isolated from buffalo rumens. The 29 of 46 isolates could produce succinic acid (SA), but only the 6 isolates had the potential. In shake flasks culture under CO2 condition, isolate no. 37 produced SA at a concentration of 2.28 g/L, and with a better inoculum, it produced SA at 6.74 g/L with a yield coefficient, Yp/s, productivity, rp, and efficiency, Ef of 0.45 g/g, 0.28 g/L/h and 66.39%, respectively within 24 h. The 16S rRNA gene of isolate 37 was sequenced identified. It is Enterobacter xiangfangensis, later named E. xiangfangensis BUU37 which is a high potential new industrial species. Its suitable N-, C-, and carbonate sources were yeast extract, glucose hydrolysate from cassava starch hydrolysis (CSH), and MgCO3. With the medium PM II-1x of nutrients rich, CSH glucose was used efficiently at 21.46 g/L and conversed to SA at 10.80 g/L with Yp/s of 0.50 g/g, rp of 0.45 g/L/h, and Ef of 76.33%, respectively. The larger-scale productions of SA in the 5-L fermenter, with certain optimum conditions, i.e., pH 6.8, at 39 °C, 0.5 vvm CO2 sparging, agitation, and high-nutrient compositions, gave very good results. The use of PM II-2x medium of 2× nutrients and 2× C-sources of 50 g/L CSH glucose plus 25 g/L molasses and with the impeller speeds at 200-400 rpm, SA was produced at 35.52 g/L with Yp/s of 0.65 g/g, rp of 1.48 g/L/h, and Ef of 99.96%, respectively. Furthermore, with the use of PM II-4x medium with 4× the nutrients and 4× the SCH glucose at 100 g/L plus 40 g/L of molasses (a total sugar conc of 120 g/L) and with the impeller speed at 400-500 rpm, SA was produced at 53.60 g/L with Yp/s of 0.54 g/g, rp of 2.23 g/L/h, and Ef of 82.88%, respectively. The use of PM II-4.8x medium of 4.8× nutrients did not show a significant difference. For the high throughput production, the PM II-4x cultivation was modified as the repeated multiple sequential batches of 3 cycles. The results showed no significant differences of those values among the cycles with the average values, of SA concentration of 54.01 g/L, Yp/s of 0.51 g/g, rp of 2.25 g/L/h, and Ef of 77.54%, respectively. The cell biomass of E. xiangfangensis BUU37 was produced at an average value of 5 g/L resulting in 1 g of dry cells producing 10 g of succinic acid giving the Yp/x of 10.80 g/g. With the maximum growth rate, µmax of 0.32 h-1 resulting within 24 h the highest SA production rate of >2.25 g/L/h which is higher than the values of other 50 research works. This new bacterial species, cultivation conditions, and methods can be scaled-up.
Spectroscopic, thermal, and conductometric investigation of some (arylazo)quinolin-8-ol and their complexes with the divalent ions of Mn, Ni, Cu, and Zn
Authors: Bufarwa S. M. , Abdel-Latif S. A.
Published: October 2022

Elemental analysis, infrared (IR), proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR), and mass spectra were used to characterize (p-methylphenylazo)quinolin-8-ol (L1) and (p-methoxylphenylazo) quinolin-8-ol (L2). The important infrared (IR) spectral bands corresponding to the active groups in the two ligands and the solid complexes under investigation were studied. Also, the important fragments in the ligands and the complexes were determined using mass spectra, and the main peaks corresponded to the molecular weights of the ligands and complexes. The solid complexes have been synthesized and studied by elemental and thermal analyses (TG and DTA) as well as by IR, 1HNMR, magnetic measurements, electronic transitions, and molar conductance. The proposed steriochemical structures for the investigated metal complexes suggest octahedral geometry with respect to Mn, Ni, Cu, and Zn metal ions with the investigated ligands 1:1 and 1:2 complexes, and all of the formed complexes contain coordinated water molecules and hydrated water. All of the prepared solid complexes behave as non-electrolytes in chloroform.
Excess Iron added to the diet induces the apoptosis of chicken’s liver through the PI3KAKT mTOR axis
Authors: Sun Fengjiao , An Yuzhi , Lv Xianglong , Sun Ning , Lv Xiaoping , Liu Chaonan , Gao Xueli
Published: October 2022

Iron (Fe), an essential trace element, plays a key role in biological metabolism. The PI3K/AKT/mTOR axis plays an important role in the control of apoptosis. However, the effect of iron overdose in the diet on the role of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR axis and apoptosis, and pathological liver damage in chickens are still poorly understood. In this study, 180 1-day-old chicks were divided into 3 groups, which were fed the basal diets supplemented with 50 (C), 500 (E1), and 1000 (E2) mg Fe/Kg as ferrous sulfate monohydrate (FeSO4·H2O) and returned to normal diet one day later, Tested on days 1, 3, 7, 14, and 21 after the end of the iron addition. The results showed that the liver morphology was normal in the group C. The groups E1 and E2 showed the structure destroyed of hepatic lobules, the disordered of hepatic cords, the reduction of the central veins and the presence of erythrocytes accompanied by inflammatory cell infiltration. The group E2 showed more serious damage than the group E1, but these phenomena will largely return to normal on day 21. The perls staining showed that large deposits of iron-containing hemosiderin in the hepatic sinus after iron overdose intake, and the changes of iron deposition and pathological damage had certain regularity in time. The expression of Bax, Caspase-3, Caspase-8, and Caspase-9 in groups E1 and E2 were increased from days 1 to 21, which was in contrast to the Bcl-2, and it has a dose dependent. This suggested that iron overdose triggered apoptosis, which was supported by our ultrastructural observations of chromatin marginalization and impaired mitochondrial swelling. In addition, the expression of PI3K and AKT were significantly increased in the iron overdose groups, while the expression of mTOR was decreased. Above all, iron overdose can induce apoptosis in chicken hepatocytes through regulation of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR axis, leading to pathological damage. The type of iron overdose-induced damage was dose-dependent but not permanent. These results provide a theoretical basis for a comprehensive understanding of the importance of mineral nutrition management in poultry and the possible risk of excessive iron intake.
Lokale Fixierung von Colistin durch Fibrinbesprühung in einem In-vivo-Weichteilmodell als Therapieoption der Haut- und Weichteilinfektion Dust, Fabian
Authors:   , Dust Fabian
Published: October 2022

Haut- und Weichteilinfektionen (Skin and Soft Tissue Infection, SSTI) stellen eine verbreitete Krankheitsentität mit schwierigem Therapiemanagement dar. Im Fokus dieser Arbeit liegt die Wundinfektion. Der aktuelle Goldstandard ist das radikale chirurgische Débridement und die systemische Gabe von antibiotisch wirksamen Stoffen. Dieses Therapieregime kann von der lokalen Antibiotikatherapie flankiert werden, wobei die antibiotisch aktive Substanz entweder allein oder in Kombination mit einem Trägermaterial auf die Wunde aufgebracht wird. Eine Möglichkeit zur lokalen antibiotischen Therapie ist die Besprühung der Wundfläche mit einem Antibiotikum-Fibrinkleber-Gemisch. Es ist nach aktuellem Stand unklar, wie sich die Konzentration von Colistin in einem Zeitraum von vier Stunden nach Besprühung und Fixierung durch Fibrinkleber verhält und mit welcher Applikationsmethode die Wirkstoffkonzentration des Antibiotikums im Gewebe am höchsten ist. Unter Berücksichtigung geltender Labor- und Tierwohlstandards wurde eine tierexperimentelle Studie an 29 männlichen Ratten aus dem Stamm Wistar durchgeführt. Es wurden vier je 100 mm² große subkutane Wunden auf Muskel-/Faszienniveau auf dem Rücken der Tiere, die unter sterilen Kautelen operativ zugefügt worden waren, entweder nur mit Colistin (C) oder nur gleichzeitig (CF+) oder nur aufeinanderfolgend (CF-) mit Colistin und einem Fibrinkleber besprüht. Durch flüssigkeitschromatografische und massenspektrometrische Analysen konnten eine Stunde nach Applikation signifikant höhere Gewebekonzentrations¬werte von Colistin A in der Gruppe CF+ gegenüber CF- (p = 0,02) und C (p = 0,00) sowie in der Gruppe CF- gegenüber C (p = 0,00) gemessen werden: mediane Gewebekonzentrationen von Colistin A 185,67 ng/mg (CF+), 89,45 ng/mg (CF-) und 60,95 ng/mg (C). Nach zwei Stunden waren die Unterschiede nicht signifikant. Nach vier Stunden zeigten sich signifikant höhere Werte in der Gruppe CF+ gegenüber C (p = 0,01): mediane Gewebekonzentrationen von Colistin A: 37,00 ng/mg (CF+), 19,03 ng/mg (CF-) und 9,95 ng/mg (C). Die Fixierung von Colistin durch das Besprühen mit Fibrinkleber stellt eine unkomplizierte und günstige Methode zur lokalen antibiotischen Therapie dar und ergibt eine längere Antibiotikaverfügbarkeit im Gewebe. Eine Stunde nach Applikation liegen in allen Gruppen die höchsten Messwerte vor. Die simultane Besprühung ist die zu bevorzugende Methode. Als zusätzliche Maßnahme neben dem chirurgischen Débridement und der systemischen Antibiotikatherapie kann die Besprühung mit einem Gemisch aus Colistin und Fibrinkleber als ein vielversprechendes Verfahren in der Therapie von Haut- und Weichteilwunden angesehen werden.
Endothelial dysfunction, vascular stiffness and their correction with perindopril, losartan in patients with ischemic heart disease, arterial hypertension and chronic kidney disease after coronary stenting
Authors: Pribylova Nadezda N. , Yakovleva Margarita V. , Pribylov Sergey A. , Mal’ Galina S. , Pribylov Vladislav S. , Barbashina Tatiana A.
Published: October 2022

Objective. To study the state of arterial stiffness and endothelial function in patients with coronary heart disease (CHD), arterial hypertension (AH) in combination with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and to determine the effect of Perindopril and Losartan therapy on these indices including after coronary stenting. Materials and Methods. The study involved 73 patients with coronary heart disease (CHD), AH and CHD stage 2-3a. The comparison group consisted of 30 patients with CHD and AH without renal pathology. Patients with CKD were divided into 3 subgroups: the 1st - on conservative therapy with Perindopril 10 mg; the 2nd - with Losartan 100 mg daily; the 3rd - those who underwent coronary stenting and were treated with Perindopril 10 mg daily. Arterial stiffness, plasma levels of endothelin-1 (ET-1), metabolites of nitric oxide were assessed initially and after 12 weeks of therapy. Results. The patients with CHD and hypertension had a more severe endothelial dysfunction (ED) and more significant arterial stiffness. There was a correlation between GFR and PWV levels (r = -0.75; p = 0.001), nitric oxide levels (r = 0.58; p<0.01), ET-1 (r = -0.72; p < 0.01). After 12 weeks of therapy, all three subgroups showed a statistically significant decrease in ET-1 and vascular wall stiffness. Conclusion. Patients with CHD and AH, CKD had more profound ED and the severity of arterial stiffness. The use of Perindopril and Losartan in complex therapy resulted in a glomerular filtration rate increase, was accompanied by a corrective effect on ED and decreased arterial stiffness, especially in patients undergoing coronary stenting.
Synchronously recovering different nutrient ions from wastewater by using selective electrodialysis
Authors: Li Yenan , Ye Zhi-Long , Yang Ruili , Chen Shaohua
Published: October 2022

Digestive slurry normally contains various nutrient ions with high concentrations, including NH4+, PO43-, K+, Mg2+, Ca2+ and SO42-, which is a resource pool for nutrient recovery. In this study, a synchronously cationic and anionic selective electrodialysis (SCAE) was developed to recover anionic and cationic nutrient ions. Results showed that SCAE could synchronously recover more than 85.0%, 90.2% and 97.8% of PO43−, SO42- and other cations (including NH4+, K+, Ca2+, Mg2+) from the simulated digestive slurry, respectively. The ionic permeation sequence, NH4+ > K+ > Ca2+ > Mg2+ for cations, and SO42− > PO43− for anions, was affected by hydrated radius and hydration numbers, and did not alter despite the variation in electric field. High electrolyte concentration in the product streams would promote the recovery efficiency of both divalent cations and anions due to the ionic replacement effect and the demand for charge neutrality. Under continuous operation, the maximum concentrations of PO43−, SO42−, Mg2+, Ca2+, NH4+ and K+ in product streams reached 231.9, 496.6, 180.7, 604.3, 9,648.4 and 4,571.4 mg·L−1, respectively. By directly mixing different streams, the feasibility of producing mineral fertilizers without dosing externally precipitating chemicals was proved. Struvite, NH4HSO4 and potassium chloride minerals were produced successfully. The outcome provided an optional method for nutrient recovery from wastewater.
Quantification of some ARVs' removal efficiency from wastewater using a moving bed biofilm reactor
Authors: Mokgope Herman , Leudjo Taka Anny , Klink Michael John , Pakade Vusumzi Emmanuel , Walmsley Tara
Published: October 2022

To date, in South Africa alone, there are an estimated 4.5 million people receiving antiretroviral (ARV) therapy. This places South Africa as the country with the largest ARV therapy programme in the world. As a result, there are an increasing number of reports on the occurrence of ARVs in South African waters. Achieving efficient and bio-friendly methods for the removal of these pollutants is considered as a concern for environmental researchers. This study aims at studying the efficiency of a moving bed biofilm reactor (MBBR) system for removing ARVs from wastewater. A continuous-flow laboratory scale system was designed, built, installed, and operated at a carrier filling rate of 30%, an organic loading rate of 0.6 kg COD/m3.d−1 OLR, a hydraulic retention time of 18h, and a 27.8 mL/min flow rate. The systems were monitored over time for the elimination of conventional wastewater parameters i.e., Biological Oxygen Demand, Chemical Oxygen Demand, and nutrients. The results showed that the MBBR system as a bio-friendly method has high efficiency in removing Nevirapine, Tenofovir, Efavirenz, Ritonavir and Emtricitabine from the synthetic influent sample with an average removal of 62%, 74%, 94%, 94% and 95%, respectively, after 10 days of operation.
ROS-mediated Genotoxicity and Apoptosis Induced by a Novel Salicylaldimine
Derivatives in Human Cervical Cancer Cells
Authors: Tülüce Yasin , Mohammed Halgurd Nadhim , Koyuncu İsmail , Kiliç Ahmet , Durgun Mustafa
Published: October 2022

Background:

Cervical cancer is one of the most common types of cancer
among women. Therefore, cancer studies are underway for a new chemo-agent with
more effect on cancer cells and fewer side effects on normal human healthy cells. The
currently studied novel ligand L2b as a reduced salicylaldimine derivative was examined
in seven cell lines, HeLa, DU-145, PC3, DLD-1, ECC, HT-29, and PNT1-A as a control.

Aim:

Because of the antiproliferative ability of L2b, this study intends to look at the apoptotic,
cytotoxic, and genotoxic activity of L2b on HeLa.

Methods:

For this purpose, MTT assay is for screening cytotoxic effects, comet assay for
looking for DNA damaging or genotoxicity levels, ELISA and DNA fragmentation for
apoptotic measuring, AO/EB stain test for checking the rates of live, apoptotic and necrotic
cells were performed. To reveal the oxidative state, OSI was assessed by total oxidant
and antioxidant status ratios. FRAP assay was calculated for ferric-reducing antioxidant
power, using total thiol and GSH assays to measure the antioxidant values of HeLa cells.

Results:

Of this result, we have found a tremendous effect of L2b on HeLa cells, especially
in raising the ROS rate, damaging their DNA, and causing a range of reactions leading
to apoptosis.

Conclusion:

In conclusion, the data predict which ligand L2b is capable of rising apoptosis
in vitro cervical cancer cell line studied. Further cancer studies are needed to reveal
the apoptosis pathways of the ligand L2b in the HeLa cell line and its anticancer drug potency
in vivo work.
A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Efficacy and Safety of Calcimimetic
Agents in the Treatment of Secondary Hyperparathyroidism in Patients with Chronic
Kidney Disease
Authors: Liu Yiping , Yang Qian , Chen Guangyong , Zhou Tianbiao
Published: October 2022

Background:

Some reports have pointed out that calcimimetics agents are effective in the treatment of
secondary hyperparathyroidism (SHPT) in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients, but there is no detailed description
of the advantages and disadvantages of calcimimetics agents of SHPT in CKD patients. We tried to pool
the published data to verify the effectiveness of calcimimetics agents and to compare the advantages and disadvantages
of cinacalcet compared with control in the treatment of SHPT in CKD patients.

Methods:

We included eligible studies of published papers from January 1st, 2000 to December 31st, 2020 in
Medline, Pubmed and Web of science databases, and the data were extracted for this meta-analysis.

Results:

Twenty-seven studies were eligible, and all the included studies were randomized controlled trials
(RCT) including patients treated with long-term dialysis. The results indicated that calcimimetic agents can
reduce the parathyroid hormone (PTH, pg/ml) level (WMD = -178.22, 95% CI: -238.57, -117.86, P < 0.00001),
calcium (Ca, mg/dl) level (WMD = -0.71, 95% CI: -0.86, -0.55, P < 0.00001), phosphorus (P, mg/dl) level
(WMD = -0.32, 95% CI: -0.55, -0.08, P = 0.008), calcium-phosphorus product level (WMD = -7.73, 95% CI:
-9.64, -5.82, P < 0.00001). Calcimimetic agents increased the bone alkaline phosphatase (BSAP, ng/ml) levels
and rate of achieving target PTH, and reduced osteocalcin levels and the rate of parathyroidectomy. Calcimimetic
agents increased the total adverse events’ rate, the rate of hypocalcemia and gastrointestinal side effects
(nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain and diarrhea), but there was no significant difference in serious adverse
events between the calcimimetic agent group and control group.

Conclusion:

Calcimimetic agents can reduce the PTH level, Ca level, P level, calcium-phosphorus product
level and do not increase serious adverse events.
N-Heterocycles as Privileged Scaffolds in FDA Approved Different NMEs
of 2021: A Review
Authors: Chaudhry Faryal , Munir Rubina , Malik Nayab
Published: October 2022

Presence of N-heterocyclic ring systems as promising features in the molecular skeleton of FDA approved drugs, underlie the remarkable contributions of these heterocyclic nuclei in the field of medicine. Despite instability risks associated with COVID pandemic, the US FDA approved 50 drugs (36 NMEs and 14 biological products) in the year 2021. The active ingredients of 32 drugs out of these 36 NMEs (almost 89%) contain saturated, partially unsaturated and/or aromatic N-heterocyclic moieties in their molecular assemblies, hence dominating the medicinal approvals. While 27 molecules (75% of these NMEs drugs) are prominent small NMEs. Herein, we have considered profiling of those FDA approved 27 small-molecule drugs which are decorated with N-heterocycles as privileged scaffolds. These drugs are grouped on the basis of a number of N-heterocycles present in their structural framework. The spectrum of these drugs in terms of their structural features and medicinal importance is summarized in this review. Also, the pertinent analyses of their drug-likeliness conferring some general pharmacokinetic principles is highlighted.
Network-based Pharmacology and In vitro Validation Reveal that Galangin Induces
Apoptosis in Bladder Cancer Cells by Promoting the P53 Signaling Pathway
Authors: Chen Lin , Yang Jin , Long Xiaoming , Dong Taotao , Cheng Qisen , Wang Weiwei , Zou Yujian , Su Yao , Dai Wenbin , Chen Bo , Zhou Xin
Published: October 2022

Background:

Galangin is one of the flavonoids in Alpinia officinarum. It has various anti-tumor activities,
but its anti-bladder cancer effect is unclear.

Objective:

To investigate the mechanism of action of galangin against bladder cancer using a network pharmacology
approach.

Methods:

The TCM Systematic Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform (TCMSP), SwissTargetPrediction
database, and the Targetnet database were used to predict the targets of action of galangin. Bladder cancer-related
targets were obtained through the GeneCards database. The intersection of the two was taken as the target of galangin's
action against bladder cancer. The intersecting targets were screened for core targets using the STRING database and
Cytoscape 3.9.0 software to build a protein-protein interaction (PPI) network of targets. The core targets were subjected
to gene ontology (GO) functional annotation and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway
enrichment analysis using the online annotation and visual integration analysis tool DAVIDBioinformaticsResources
(2021Update). A drug-disease-target-pathway network was constructed using Cytoscape 3.9.0 software. The antibladder
cancer effect of galangin was observed by cell proliferation, and plate cloning assay; apoptosis of bladder
cancer cells induced by galangin was detected by Hoechst33342 staining and flow cytometry; protein immunoblotting
(Western-blot) was used to detect the effect of galangin on apoptosis-related proteins Bax, Bcl-2, Cleaved-PARP, p53
signaling pathway p53 and cytc.

Results:

A total of 115 genes were obtained from galangin against bladder cancer, and 16 core targets were screened.
The kEGG pathway enrichment analysis included Pathways in cancer, PI3K-AKT signaling pathway, p53 signaling
pathway, etc. In vitro experiments showed that galangin could inhibit bladder cancer cell proliferation, induce apoptosis,
upregulate the expression of apoptosis-related proteins Bax and Cleaved-PARP and downregulate the expression of
Bcl-2; meanwhile, galangin could promote the upregulation of the expression of p53 and cytc proteins by activating the
p53 signaling pathway.

Conclusion:

Galangin induced apoptosis in bladder cancer cells by activating the p53 signaling pathway.
Lacrimal Gland Histopathology and Secretory Function in Sjögren’s
Syndrome Mice Model Treated with Moringa oleifera Lam. Leaf Extract
Authors: Susanto Agus Joko , Purwanto Bambang , Mudigdo Ambar , Wasita Brian
Published: October 2022

Background:

The pathogenesis of Sjögren’s syndrome involves the activation of NF-
κB, producing proinflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin (IL)-1α, IL-
1β, IL-6, IL-17, and interferon-γ. Through oxidative stress, they will cause necrosis and apoptosis
of lacrimal gland cells, resulting in impaired secretory function or reduced tear production.
Moringa oleifera leaf extract is known to have strong anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities.

Objective:

To determine the effect of Moringa oleifera leaf extract on lacrimal gland histopathology
and secretory function in Sjögren’s syndrome mice model.

Methods:

The experimental study had a post-test only control group design with 32 eight-week-old
male mice of the BALB/c strain divided into four groups, n.e.g ative control (C−), which was not
induced by SS, positive control (C+), treatment 1 (T1), and treatment 2 (T2) induced by Sjögren’s
syndrome by immunizing with the 60-kD Ro antigen (SSA) as much as 100 μg. After 42 days, the
T1 group was given dexamethasone 1.23 mg/kg BW/day orally for 14 days, whereas T2 was given
dexamethasone 1.23 mg/kg BW/day and Moringa oleifera leaf ethanol extract 200 mg/kg BW/day
orally for 14 days. At the end of the study, lacrimal gland histopathology and secretory function
(tear production) were examined. Statistical analysis using F ANOVA/Kruskal–Wallis was followed
by partial difference test with the Least Significant Difference post hoc test/Mann–Whitney.
Significant if p < 0.05.

Results:

The comparison of lacrimal gland histopathology in T1 (p = 0.044) and T2 groups (p =
0.020) obtained significant results (p < 0.05) when compared to C+. However, the comparison of
tear production in T1 (p = 0.127) and T2 groups (p = 0.206) was not significant (p > 0.05) when
compared to the C+ group.

Conclusion:

The administration of Moringa oleifera leaf extract 200 mg/kg BW for 14 days could
significantly improve lacrimal gland histopathology but was not effective in increasing tear production
in Sjögren’s syndrome mice model.
Numerical Investigation of the Influence of Different Suction and
Discharge Ports on Scroll Expander Performance
Authors: Jian Sun , Bin Peng , Guo Zhu Bing
Published: October 2022

Background:

With the rapid consumption of non-renewable energy such as coal, oil and
natural gas, the growing demand for environmental protection, the re-utilization of low-grade waste
heat energy has become an important approach to improve energy utilization efficiency. As a new
technology, organic Rankine cycle (ORC) power generation technology can make full use of and
convert heat waste.

Objective:

Both the suction and discharge pressures of the scroll expander have a certain influence
on the output and motion characteristics of the orbiting scroll. By studying the position and arrangement
of the suction and discharge ports of the expander, a theoretical basis can be provided for
the design of these ports.

Methods:

For the scroll expander using working fluid R134a, establishing the geometrical and
three-dimensional models of the suction and discharge ports of the scroll expander with different
positions and structures, based on the Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) method.

Results/Discussion:

Through comprehensive comparison, it was found that the structure of the original
suction pipe outperformed any of the other structures; the fluid flow in the original discharge
pipe was more complicated, and the simplified model of the commonly used scroll mechanical discharge
pipe had the optimal performance.

Conclusion:

Compared with the original prototype SEI2, the suction port area is increased, and the
suction port pulsation intensity coefficient and the suction pressure loss coefficient of the prototype
SEI4 are reduced by 34.833% and 5.264% respectively, which can make the suction process of the
expander more stable. Since the unilateral discharge ports Outlet3 and Outlet5 are located in the
moving and static regions, respectively, there is a difference in the perturbation of the outlet fluid by
the movable scroll, so that the gas pulsation intensity at Outlet3 is nearly double that of Outlet5.