bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Moral Identity and Judgments of Charitable Behaviors
Authors: Reed Americus , Aquino Karl , Levy Eric
Published: December 2006

In several studies, the authors examine the potential to leverage a consumer's moral identity to enhance brand and company identification and promote goodwill through community relations. Studies 1a and 1b show that even when opportunity costs are equivalent (subjectively or economically), consumers who also have a highly self-important moral identity perceive the act of giving time versus money as more moral and self-expressive. The authors extend these findings to self-reported preferences and establish boundary conditions in two additional studies. Consumers with higher organizational status prefer to give money versus time, but this preference is weaker for those with a highly self-important moral identity (Study 2), and the preference for giving time versus money is more likely to emerge when the moral self is primed and the time given has a moral purpose (Study 3).
Molecular detection of tyrosinase transcripts in peripheral blood from patients with malignant melanoma: correlation of PCR sensitivity threshold with clinical and pathologic disease characteristics
Authors: Mitropapas Georgios , Nezos Andrianos , Halapas Antonis , Pissimissis Nikolaos , Lembessis Peter , Sourla Antigone , Vassilopoulos Pericles , Koutsilieris Michael
Published: December 2006

Clin Chem Lab Med 2006;44:1403–9.
Stone or stricture as a cause of extrahepatic cholestasis – do liver function tests predict the diagnosis?
Authors: Karvonen Jukka , Kairisto Veli , Grönroos Juha M.
Published: December 2006

Clin Chem Lab Med 2006;44:1453–6.
Combining markers of nephrotoxicity and hepatotoxicity for improved monitoring and detection of chronic alcohol abuse
Authors: Taracha Ewa , Habrat Bogusław , Chrapusta Stanisław J. , Lehner Małgorzata , Wisłowska Aleksandra , Woronowicz Bohdan T. , Bogulas Marta , Charewicz Jolanta , Markuszewski Cezary , Płaźnik Adam
Published: December 2006

Clin Chem Lab Med 2006;44:1446–52.
Variations in assay protocol for the Dako cystatin C method may change patient results by 50% without changing the results for controls
Authors: Flodin Mats , Hansson Lars-Olof , Larsson Anders
Published: December 2006

Clin Chem Lab Med 2006;44:1481–5.
Suppression of Microglial Inflammatory Activity by Myelin Phagocytosis: Role of p47-PHOX-Mediated Generation of Reactive Oxygen Species
Authors: Liu Yang , Hao Wenlin , Letiembre Maryse , Walter Silke , Kulanga Miroslav , Neumann Harald , Fassbender Klaus
Published: December 2006

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is pathologically characterized by inflammatory demyelination and neuronal injury. Although phagocytosis of myelin debris by microglia and macrophages in acute MS lesions is well documented, its pathophysiological significance is unclear. Using real-time quantitative PCR, flow cytometry, ELISA, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) measurement assays, we demonstrated that phagocytosis of myelin modulates activation of microglial cells prestimulated by interferon-γ (IFN-γ) or a combination of IFN-γ and lipopolysaccharide with a biphasic temporal pattern, i.e., enhanced production of proinflammatory mediators during the first phase (≤6 h), followed by suppression during the second (6–24 h) phase. In this second phase, myelin phagocytosis leads to an enhanced release of prostaglandin E2 and ROS in microglia, whereas the production of anti-inflammatory cytokines (particularly interleukin-10) remains unchanged. Suppression of inflammatory microglial activation by myelin phagocytosis was reversed by treatment with superoxide dismutase and catalase, by inhibition of the NADPH–oxidase complex, or by specific knockdown of the NADPH–oxidase-required adaptor p47–phagocyte oxidase (PHOX). Furthermore, we observed that myelin phagocytosis destabilized tumor necrosis factor-α and interferon-induced protein-10 mRNA through an adenine–uridine-rich elements-involved mechanism, which was reversed by blocking the function of NADPH–oxidase complex. We conclude that phagocytosis of myelin suppresses microglial inflammatory activities via enhancement of p47-PHOX-mediated ROS generation. These results suggest that intervention in ROS generation could represent a novel therapeutic strategy to reduce neuroinflammation in MS.
Facilitation of Saccadic Eye Movements by Postsaccadic Electrical Stimulation in the Primate Caudate
Authors: Nakamura Kae , Hikosaka Okihide
Published: December 2006

Sensorimotor experience followed by positive feedback leads to motor learning. Although the striatum, an input channel of the basal ganglia, has been implicated to play a key role in motor learning, little is known about how reward information modulates the neuronal processes in the striatum that causes behavioral changes. Here, we report that direct manipulation of the neuronal signal in the primate caudate yields behavioral changes comparable with those induced by natural reward. Electrical stimulation in the oculomotor region of the caudate immediately after saccades to a fixed direction led to selective facilitation of saccades in that direction. The facilitation remained even after stimulation was stopped, indicating a plastic change. These effects were observed when stimulation was applied after, not before, saccades. We propose that the caudate plays a causal role in behavioral changes by integrating selective sensorimotor and reward information in a temporally specific manner.
GABA Regulates Dendritic Growth by Stabilizing Lamellipodia in Newly Generated Interneurons of the Olfactory Bulb
Authors: Gascon Eduardo , Dayer Alexandre G. , Sauvain Marc-Olivier , Potter Gael , Jenny Benoit , De Roo Mathias , Zgraggen Eloisa , Demaurex Nicolas , Muller Dominique , Kiss Jozsef Z.
Published: December 2006

The initial formation and growth of dendrites is a critical step leading to the integration of newly generated neurons into postnatal functional networks. However, the cellular mechanisms and extracellular signals regulating this process remain mostly unknown. By directly observing newborn neurons derived from the subventricular zone in culture as well as in olfactory bulb slices, we show that ambient GABA acting through GABAAreceptors is essential for the temporal stability of lamellipodial protrusions in dendritic growth cones but did not interfere with filopodia dynamics. Furthermore, we provide direct evidence that ambient GABA is required for the proper initiation and elongation of dendrites by promoting the rapid stabilization of new dendritic segments after their extension. The effects of GABA on the initial formation of dendrites depend on depolarization and Ca2+influx and are associated with a higher stability of microtubules. Together, our results indicate that ambient GABA is a key regulator of dendritic initiation in postnatally generated olfactory interneurons and offer a mechanism by which this neurotransmitter drives early dendritic growth.
Activation of Opioid Receptor Like-1 Receptor in the Spinal Cord Produces Sex-Specific Antinociception in the Rat: Estrogen Attenuates Antinociception in the Female, whereas Testosterone Is Required for the Expression of Antinociception in the Male
Authors: Claiborne Jomo , Nag Subodh , Mokha Sukhbir S.
Published: December 2006

Sex-related differences in the perception and modulation of pain have been reported. The present study is the first to investigate systematically whether activation of opioid receptor-like 1 receptor (ORL1) by orphanin FQ (OFQ) produces sex-specific modulation of spinal nociception and whether estrogen or testosterone contributes to these differences using the rat as an experimental animal. Two behavioral models, the NMDA and heat-induced nociceptive tests, were used to examine sex-specific modulation of spinal nociception. Intrathecal microinjection of OFQ in male, ovariectomized (OVX), and diestrous rats produced a significant antinociceptive effect on both tests. However, OFQ failed to produce antinociception in proestrous rats, the phase of the estrous cycle with the highest levels of circulating estradiol, and produced a dose-dependent effect in OVX females treated with 1 ng to 100 μg of estradiol. The antinociceptive effects of OFQ were dose dependent in male and OVX animals and were reversibly antagonized by UFP-101 ([Nphe1,Arg14,Lys15]N/OFQ(1–13)-NH2), an ORL1receptor-selective antagonist. Interestingly, OFQ was ineffective in gonadectomized (GDX) males, whereas testosterone replacement restored the antinociceptive effect of OFQ in GDX males. We conclude that OFQ produces sex-specific modulation of spinal nociception; estrogen attenuates antinociception in the female in parallel with normal cycling of estrogen levels, and testosterone is required for the expression of antinociception in the male; thus, the sensitivity of the male to the antinociceptive effects of OFQ is not simply attributable to the intrinsically low estrogen levels in these animals.
Euhemerus in Context
Authors: De Angelis Franco De Angelis , Garstad Benjamin
Published: December 2006

Abstract Euhemerus, the famous theorist on the nature of the gods who lived around 300 BC, has usually been discussed as a disembodied intellectual figure, with scholars focusing on his literary and philosophical sources and influence. Although he is called “Euhemerus of Messene,” there is uncertainty as to where he was born, lived, and worked, in particular whether he came from Sicilian or Peloponnesian Messene. Until now, the conquests of Alexander the Great and the establishment of the Successor Kingdoms have been considered the only context for Euhemerus. This paper will draw upon literary, historical, and archaeological evidence to argue that Euhemerus belongs in a Sicilian context. The long history of the worship of rulers in Sicily from the oikistai to the tyrants of Syracuse, the wealth of Sicily, the proximity of the Lipari Islands, the multiethnic milieu of Sicily with its vigorous interaction and syncretism, all contributed to Euhemerus' experiences and thought. We suggest that centuries of Sicilian cultural and political experience, not merely the “phenomenon” of Alexander the Great and the dawn of the Hellenistic Age, provided the impetus to the ideas of Euhemerus, and that Euhemerus brought this Sicilian contribution to bear on the new problems of the wider world.
Political Discourses at the End of Sophokles' Philoktetes
Authors: Hawthorne Kevin
Published: December 2006

Abstract Sophokles' Philoktetes is a response to the oligarchic takeover and restoration of democracy in Athens in 411–10 BC. The play explores the grounds, strengths, and weaknesses of democratic discourse, and measures it against alternatives. The final agon between Neoptolemos and Philoktetes defines a model of legitimate persuasion (logos) that can replace Odysseus' sophistic and oligarchic modes of interacting with others. The deus ex machina, in turn, brings in an authoritative aristocratic discourse (muthos) that is superior even to democratic deliberation.
Mapping the Boosterist Imaginary: Colonial Williamsburg, Historical Tourism, and the Construction of Managerial Memory
Authors: MILLER JAMES S.
Published: December 2006

With very few exceptions, existing scholarship on public memory in America has tended to script commercial-industrial “development” as the implacable adversary of legitimate collective remembering. Indeed, it has become a virtual article of faith that any attempt at commercially underwritten historical reconstruction involves, by definition, an act of historical falsification. This essay sets about to revise this longstanding conceit by pondering some of the specific ways that industrial and commercial development practices came during the early twentieth century to be imagined as technologies for producing new and viable models of a specifically white-collar history. To make this argument, I focus on the phenomenon of historical tourism, a movement that gained popularity in the 1920s and 30s (typified by such ventures as Henry Ford's Greenfield Village and John D. Rockefeller's Colonial Williamsburg), which dedicated itself to reconstructing vestiges of America's “bygone” past. Using Colonial Williamsburg as my case study, I explore how the planners and promoters behind this movement forged a discourse of historical reconstruction designed to make the tactics of industrial-commercial development compatible with the vaunted ideals of historical recovery and cultural conservation. More specifically, I show how this discourse labored to imagine the past itself as a useful and fungible resource: a raw material to be taken up, managed, and improved by the agents of the modern corporate-capitalist order.
GUEST EDITOR'S INTRODUCTION: APPLIED VISUAL ANTHROPOLOGY SOCIAL INTERVENTION, VISUAL METHODOLOGIES AND ANTHROPOLOGY THEORY
Authors: PINK SARAH
Published: December 2006

Applied visual anthropology implies the creation of new methodologies and practices specific to projects that entail some form of social intervention and that are guided by the needs of clients. This article introduces the historical and contemporary development of this subdiscipline and argues that it can make substantive contributions to academic visual anthropology method and theory.
ENGAGING OUR AUDIENCE THROUGH PHOTO STORIES
Authors: LOVEJOY TRACEY , STEELE NELLE
Published: December 2006

In trying to shape product development at Microsoft®, a fast‐moving American technology corporation, we ethnographers continually attempt to engage product team colleagues in new and distinctive ways. To this end, we recently utilized Photo Story, a new method of data delivery. Although not without its potential pitfalls, this method is useful for developing design ideas together with our product team. It also foregrounds the visual in applied anthropology. We completed a month of ethnographic research in Brazil in July 2003, spending time with four families and four university students in Sao Paulo and Brasilia. While there, we collected data on their daily lives and on the role of technology in their lives. Through Photo Story, we brought our colleagues as close to this field experience as possible short of actually taking them along with us. By stringing together narrative and images, we reflexively shared our experiences and impressions of Brazil and the daily experiences of our participants with all of our “viewers”. Photo Story forced us to cede some, although not all, of our authoritative control over interpretation, which ultimately opened the way for us to develop a novel approach of making sense of the data together with our colleagues.
IN AND OUT OF THE ACADEMY VIDEO ETHNOGRAPHY OF THE HOME
Authors: PINK SARAH
Published: December 2006

This article is a reflexive account of an applied commercial video ethnography project and its subsequent applied and academic texts. My aim is threefold: to describe the project and methodologies used in the particular type of applied research and representation I developed; to reflexively describe and discuss the skills that I brought to, and learned from, this work; and to provide a case study from which to critically comment on the relationship between applied and academic visual anthropology.
Luchino Visconti
Authors: DAVIDOV VERONICA
Published: December 2006

Luchino Visconti, 3rd edition. Geoffrey Nowell‐Smith. London: LoBFI Publishing. 2003.
PHOTOGRAPHY REDFERN PROOF: EXHIBITION AS MEDIUM
Authors: LORENZO CATHERINE DE
Published: December 2006

When photographs documenting activism are exhibited in a national portrait gallery, they test the efficacy of an exhibition to override the subjectivities of the “museum effect” and to engage the viewer to think about broader sociocultural debates. This study closely examines a thirty‐year trajectory from activism for self‐determination, photographic representation to exhibition, in order to show how personal and political insights can inform visual practice. The analysis is framed by reference to recent locational studies and media representations of Redfern, an inner‐city suburb of Sydney, long identified with Aboriginal activism. After demonstrating a tenacious reactionary bias in the mainstream media, the author concludes that hard‐won cultural and visual transformations can never be taken for granted.
Shoveling Smoke: Advertising and Globalization in Contemporary India
Authors: GANTI TEJASWINI
Published: December 2006

Shoveling Smoke: Advertising and Globalization in Contemporary India. William Mazzarella. Durham, NC: Duke University Press. 2003.
Dramas of Nationhood: The Politics of Television in Egypt
Authors: PETERSON MARK ALLEN
Published: December 2006

Dramas of Nationhood: The Politics of Television in Egypt. Lila Abu‐Lughod. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. 2005.
Nazar: Photographs from the Arab World
Authors: SPADOLA EMILIO
Published: December 2006

Nazar: Photographs from the Arab World. Wim Melis, editor, with essays by Michket Krifa, Negar Azimi, Issam Nassar, Isolde Brielmaier, Issa Touma, Peter Lewis, and Sherifa Zuhur. New York: Aperature Foundation. 2004.
Bodies of Inscription: A Cultural History of the Modern Tattoo Community
Authors: DOMINGUEZ MARIA ABEYAMI ORTEGA
Published: December 2006

Bodies of Inscription:. Cultural History of the Modern Tattoo Community. Margo DeMello. Durham, NC: Duke University Press. 2000.
THE AESTHETICS OF COMMUNICATION AND THE COMMUNICATION OF CULTURAL AESTHETICS: A PERSPECTIVE ON IAN DUNLOP'S FILMS OF ABORIGINAL AUSTRALIA
Authors: MORPHY HOWARD
Published: December 2006

This article is concerned with both the aesthetics of the subject and the aesthetics of the film itself. The concept of aesthetics can be applied at many different levels: from the visual properties of a particular artwork to the affective sensual experience of being in the world. At its most general, a societal or cultural aesthetics concerns the particular environment of sense experience people are socialized into, what David MacDougall refers to as an “aesthetic landscape,” a social abstraction and a form of poetics. In Ian Dunlop's films I consider both the general level of aesthetics, such as the sense of time in Western Desert and Arnhem Land cultures, and more specific instances such as the aesthetics of dance, song, and material culture objects. Equally relevant is Dunlop's use of aesthetics to convey his own interpretations of the significance of Aboriginal ways of life, his feelings about Aboriginal culture and the Australian environment.
Implant Placement After Marsupialization of a Dentigerous Cyst
Authors: Karamanis S. , Kitharas Th , Tsoukalas D. , Parissis N.
Published: December 2006

This paper presents a case of a dentigerous cyst accompanied by a history of inflammation, resorption of the roots of the first molar and the lingual aspect of the distal root of the second molar, and devitalization of the 2 premolars. The treatment option chosen was marsupialization of the cyst, extraction of the involved teeth, endodontic treatment of both premolars, and implant insertion in the area of the first mandibular molar at a later stage. Twelve months postsurgery the area of interest was almost flattened and the radiographic examination revealed total disappearance of the radiolucency. An implant of 15 × 4 mm was inserted in the area of the first mandibular molar. Despite the excellent implant stability achieved, a thin central zone of the defect remained void of bone. After complete excision of soft tissue the defect was filled with an alloplastic bone substitute. Eight months later (20 months postsurgery), the implant was uncovered and the restorative procedure completed. The implant and the crown have been functioning sign and symptom free for 48 months. Marsupialization was preferred instead of enucleation due to (1) proximity of the cyst to the mandibular canal; (2) need for apicectomy of both premolars to gain good access for enucleation; (3) refusal of the patient to undergo a second surgery for bone harvesting; (4) lower probability for postoperative contamination; (5) need of small quantity of bone substitute; (6) easier extraction of the impacted second molar due to its coronal movement. The disadvantages of the treatment were the long healing period and the discomfort of the patient at the early stages of marsupialization. It was judged that the advantages outweighed the disadvantages in this case. We discuss the findings of other authors who support the conservative approach to jaw cysts in a young population, and the concerns that exist in the literature about the ability of osseoconductive graft materials to generate vital bone and achieve implant-to-bone contact.
Composição centesimal e perfil de ácidos graxos do camarão-d'água-doce
Authors: Furuya Wilson Massamitu , Hayashi Carmino , Silva Adriano Borges Martins da , Santos Júnior Oscar de Oliveira , Souza Nilson Evelázio de , Matsushita Makoto , Visentainer Jesuí Vergílio
Published: December 2006

Este estudo foi realizado para determinação da composição centesimal e do perfil de ácidos graxos do camarão-d'água-doce Macrobrachium amazonicum visando à análise de seu potencial nutritivo. Seis lotes (100 g cada um) de camarões inteiros e com massas individuais de 0,9 a 1,2 g foram triturados, armazenados e, posteriormente, analisados quanto aos teores de umidade, cinzas, PB e lipídios totais (70,3; 1,5; 24,8 e 1,5%, respectivamente). Foram detectadas 36 variedades de ácidos graxos, sendo o mais freqüente o ácido palmítico-16:0 (18,2%). Entre os da série ômega-3, os mais encontrados foram o eicosapentaenóico-20:5n-3, di-homo-alfa-linolênico-20:3n-3, docosahexaenóico-22:6n-3 e alfa-linolênico-18:3n-3 (frequências de 13,9; 9,5; 6,8 e 4,2%, respectivamente). As freqüências de somatórias de ácidos graxos foram de 36,9% para os ômega-3 e de 46,8% para os poliinsaturados. As razões entre os ácidos graxos ômega-6/ômega-3 (n-6/n-3) e os ácidos graxos poliinsaturados/ácidos graxos saturados (AGPI/AGS) foram de 0,3 e 1,6, respectivamente. Todos os parâmetros observados indicaram bom potencial nutritivo para a carne do camarão-d'água-doce.
Estimação de parâmetros genéticos utilizando-se a produção de leite no dia do controle em primeiras lactações de vacas da raça Jersey
Authors: Dionello Nelson José Laurino , Silva Carlos Alberto Soares da , Costa Claudio Napolis , Cobuci Jaime Araújo
Published: December 2006

Registros da produção de leite de 3.531 controles de 620 primíparas da raça Jersey foram utilizados para a estimação dos componentes de covariância e dos parâmetros genéticos para a produção de leite por meio dos modelos de repetibilidade e de regressão aleatória. O modelo de repetibilidade (MR) incluiu os efeitos fixos de rebanho-ano-mês do controle, estação do parto e idade da vaca ao parto como covariável, com termos linear e quadrático, e os efeitos aleatórios de animal, de ambiente permanente e residual. O modelo de regressão aleatória incluiu os mesmos efeitos do MR, com o uso da função de Wilmink para a modelagem dos efeitos fixo (estação de parto) e aleatórios (genético de animal e de ambiente permanente). As estimativas de variância genética aditiva, de ambiente permanente, residual e fenotípica, e de herdabilidade e repetibilidade para a produção de leite usando-se o MR foram, respectivamente, 7,08; 1,88; 7,79 e 16,76 kg² e 0,42 e 0,50. Pelo modelo de regressão aleatória, os valores de herdabilidade para a produção de leite decresceram de 0,81 a 0,20 ao longo da lactação. As estimativas de variância genética aditiva mantiveram-se praticamente constantes durante a lactação, com maiores valores no início e final da lactação. As correlações genéticas foram próximas à unidade para as produções de leite da fase intermediária da lactação e diminuíram com o aumento do período entre os controles leiteiros. O modelo de repetibilidade não é a melhor alternativa para a modelagem das produções de leite no dia do controle da primeira lactação de vacas Jersey no Brasil.
Interação genótipo-ambiente em cruzamentos de bovinos de corte
Authors: Teixeira Rodrigo de Almeida , Albuquerque Lucia Galvão de , Alencar Maurício Mello de , Dias Laila Talarico
Published: December 2006

Dados de rebanhos bovinos comerciais foram analisados com o objetivo de estimar as interações dos efeitos genéticos com o ambiente que podem influenciar a avaliação de características de crescimento em rebanhos de animais puros e cruzados. O conjunto de dados analisado foi obtido a partir de animais das raças Hereford, Nelore e seus cruzamentos. As características em estudo foram os pesos à desmama e ao sobreano dos animais. As análises estatísticas foram realizadas pelo método dos quadrados mínimos e o modelo proposto incluiu os efeitos de região, grupo de contemporâneos dentro de região, mês de nascimento e sexo do bezerro, os efeitos lineares e quadráticos para a idade do bezerro e idade da vaca ao parto, ambas analisadas dentro de sexo, e os efeitos de grupo genético e da interação grupo genético × região. De modo geral, o desempenho de todos os grupos genéticos foi influenciado pelo efeito de região. Além disso, observou-se tendência de que o aumento da proporção de genes zebuínos promoveu diminuição na diferença de desempenho entre as regiões. Todos os genótipos foram beneficiados no ambiente menos restritivo, o que indica a existência de interação genótipo-ambiente e comprova a importância de que sistemas de cruzamento sejam realizados de forma a manter a adaptação das matrizes e de seus produtos.
Níveis de cálcio e granulometrias do calcário para frangas e seus efeitos sobre a produção e qualidade de ovos
Authors: Geraldo Adriano , Bertechini Antônio Gilberto , Kato Reinaldo Kanji , Brito Jerônimo Ávito Gonçalves de , Fassani Édison José
Published: December 2006

Realizou-se um experimento com o objetivo de avaliar os efeitos dos níveis nutricionais de cálcio e das granulometrias do calcário em rações para frangas nas fases de cria e recria sobre a produção de ovos. Utilizaram-se 600 poedeiras da linhagem Lohmann LSL, alimentadas nos períodos de cria e recria com rações experimentais suplementadas com fitase (500 FTU/kg) e calcário em granulometrias fina (DGM = 0,135 mm) e grossa (DGM = 0,899 mm) para atender os níveis de 0,60; 0,75; 0,90; 1,05 e 1,20% de Ca total na ração. Os tratamentos foram dispostos em esquema fatorial 2 x 5, com cinco repetições e 12 aves por unidade experimental e quatro períodos de 21 dias. Na fase de postura (18 a 30 semanas de idade), as aves receberam a mesma ração com 3,60% de Ca. O nível de 0,60% de Ca e as granulometrias do calcário fornecido nas fases de cria e recria foram suficientes para proporcionar bom desempenho na postura e não afetaram a qualidade externa e interna dos ovos no período estudado.
Comportamento de suínos submetidos a diferentes sistemas de pastejo em pastagem de trevo-branco
Authors: Leite Denyse Maria Galvão , Silva Marcelo Abreu da , Medeiros Renato Borges de , Saibro João Carlos de , Pavan Marcos Antonio , Zanella José Adroaldo , Barrey Marcos Aurélio Arrighi
Published: December 2006

Este trabalho foi realizado com o objetivo de estudar o comportamento de suínos submetidos a diferentes sistemas de pastejo (contínuo, alternado e rotativo) em pastagem de trevo-branco (Trifolium repens L.) com livre acesso à ração. Foram utilizados 36 suínos machos, castrados, em fase de terminação, com peso médio de 80 kg. As atividades comportamentais (ingerir ração, pastejar, beber água, ficar em pé, deitar, sentar, caminhar, urinar, defecar, brincar, coçar, fuçar e cavar o solo) foram registradas por meio de observações visuais durante três dias consecutivos, das 7 às 18h. As observações foram feitas a cada 10 minutos, registrando-se o número de animais e suas respectivas atividades em cada sistema de pastejo. O delineamento experimental foi de blocos ao acaso, com três tratamentos e três repetições. Deitar, beber água, ingerir ração, pastejar e caminhar foram as atividades mais freqüentes, independentemente dos sistemas de pastejo estudados. Suínos criados em pastejo alternado ingeriram ração com maior freqüência que os criados em pastejo contínuo e rotativo. No primeiro dia de observação, suínos em pastejo contínuo e rotativo apresentaram maior freqüência de pastejo que aqueles em pastejo alternado. Suínos em pastejo contínuo e rotativo apresentaram atividades comportamentais semelhantes. O comportamento de suínos em fase de terminação foi influenciado pelo sistema de pastejo.
Desempenho e características das fibras musculares esqueléticas de cordeiros nascidos de ovelhas que receberam suplementação alimentar em diferentes períodos da gestação
Authors: Mexia Alexandre Agostinho , Macedo Francisco de Assis Fonseca de , Macedo Rosa Maria Gomes de , Sakaguti Eduardo Shiguero , Santello Graziela Aparecida , Capovilla Luiz Carlos Tadeu , Zundt Marilice , Sasa Aya
Published: December 2006

Avaliou-se o desenvolvimento ponderal do nascimento ao desmame e o diâmetro e número de fibras musculares do músculo Semitendinosus de cordeiros filhos de ovelhas Santa Inês que receberam suplementação alimentar em diferentes períodos da gestação. Foram utilizadas 73 ovelhas Santa Inês (peso médio de 45,11 kg) cobertas com três reprodutores Dorset, distribuídas entre os seguintes tratamentos durante a gestação: controle - pastagem de capim-tanzânia (Panicum maximum Jacq.) e resíduo de mandioca durante toda a gestação; terço inicial - tratamento controle + suplementação do 1º ao 50º dia de gestação; terço médio (TM) - tratamento controle + suplementação do 50º ao 100º dia de gestação; e terço final (TF) - tratamento controle + suplementação do 100º dia de gestação até parição. Os nascimentos ocorreram no período de 23 de novembro de 2003 a 03 de janeiro de 2004. Os tratamentos não influenciaram o peso dos cordeiros ao nascimento (PCN), aos 30 dias de idade (PC30) e ao desmame (PC60) e o ganho médio diário do nascimento ao desmame (GMD 0-60), cujos valores médios foram de 4,02; 9,19; 16,40 e 0,21 kg/dia, respectivamente. O tipo de parto influenciou o PCN, PC30, PC60 e o GMD 0-60. Não houve diferença no diâmetro das fibras musculares ao nascimento (média de 11,61 µm) e ao desmame (27,65 µm). O valor médio do número de fibras no músculo Semitendinosus foi de 1.454.185, o peso do músculo de 21,04 g e o comprimento de 8,43 cm, sendo semelhantes entre os períodos de suplementação. Não se justifica a suplementação de ovelhas nos diferentes períodos da gestação quando mantidas em pastagens de capim-tanzânia recebendo resíduo de fécula de mandioca no cocho.
Utilização de resíduo agroindustrial de abacaxi desidratado em dietas para caprinos em crescimento: digestibilidade e desempenho
Authors: Correia Marta Xavier de Carvalho , Costa Roberto Germano , Silva José Humberto Vilar da , Carvalho Francisco Fernando Ramos de , Medeiros Ariosvaldo Nunes de
Published: December 2006

Avaliou-se o efeito da substituição do feno de coastcross (Cynodon dactylon) pelo resíduo agroindustrial de abacaxi desidratado sobre o desempenho, a digestibilidade aparente e o consumo de nutrientes digestíveis em caprinos em crescimento. Foram utilizadas 24 fêmeas mestiças Saanen x Crioula com peso vivo médio inicial de 19,2 kg, em um delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com quatro tratamentos, representados pelos níveis de 0, 33, 66 e 100% de inclusão de resíduo agroindustrial de abacaxi desidratado (RAD) em substituição ao feno de coastcross. Não houve efeito dos níveis de substituição sobre os coeficientes de digestibilidade aparente da MS, PB e FDN. A digestibilidade da MO e celulose (CEL) aumentaram linearmente, enquanto a da FDA apresentou efeito quadrático. Os consumos médios de nutrientes digestíveis, em g/kgPV0,75, para os níveis de substituição de 0, 33, 66 e 100% foram, respectivamente, de 62,35; 63,58; 59,53 e 54,47 (MS), 60,40; 61,51; 57,94 e 51,83 (MO), 7,91; 7,86; 7,27 e 6,44 (PB), 24,85; 22,94; 21,61 e 18,75 (FDN), 7,62; 5,30; 5,96 e 7,11 (FDA) e 37,62; 27,83; 32,91 e 31,98 (CEL), resultando em ganhos de peso de 204, 215, 198 e 196 g/dia. A utilização de resíduo agroindustrial de abacaxi desidratado em rações para caprinos melhora os coeficientes de digestibilidade de MO, CEL e FDA e proporciona ganhos de peso satisfatórios em fêmeas em crescimento.
Características de carcaça e análise do custo de sistemas de produção de cordeiras ½ Dorset Santa Inês
Authors: Santello Graziela Aparecida , Macedo Francisco de Assis Fonseca de , Mexia Alexandre Agostinho , Sakaguti Eduardo Shiguero , Dias Fábio Jacobs , Pereira Marcelo Farid
Published: December 2006

Um experimento foi realizado com os objetivos de avaliar as características de carcaça de cordeiras ½ Dorset Santa Inês e comparar o custo de produção e o retorno econômico de dois sistemas de terminação. Após o desmame, 44 cordeiras foram divididas em dois sistemas de terminação: confinamento - ração (4% PV) com 15,56% de PB e 4,32 Mcal de EB/kg MS; e pastagem + suplementação (1,5% de ração, com base no peso vivo), com 27,01% PB e 4,51 Mcal de EB/kg MS. Os custos da ração e do suplemento foram de R$0,39 e R$0,54, respectivamente. Os animais foram abatidos ao atingirem peso corporal médio de 30 kg. Os valores médios para os pesos da carcaça quente e fria foram de 14,33 e 14,11 kg e 13,91 e 13,6 kg, os rendimentos verdadeiros médios de 55,81 e 55,61% e os comerciais de 46,39 e 46,04%, respectivamente, para confinamento e pastagem + suplementação. As médias para condição corporal e índices de compacidade da carcaça e da perna das cordeiras terminadas em confinamento e pastagem + suplementação foram, respectivamente, de 3,03 e 2,96; 0,21 e 0,20 kg/cm e 0,43 e 0,44 cm/cm. As características idade ao abate, condição corporal, pesos da carcaça quente e fria, rendimentos verdadeiro e comercial da carcaça e índices de compacidade da carcaça e da perna não diferiram entre os tratamentos. Portanto, cordeiras ½ Dorset Santa Inês podem ser terminadas em confinamento ou em pastagem + suplementação, porém, considerando-se a análise econômica, recomenda-se a terminação em pastagem + suplementação.
GPS measurements on the London Millennium Bridge
Authors: Roberts G. W. , Meng X. , Brown C. J. , Dallard P.
Published: December 2006

Trials conducted on the London Millennium Footbridge in 2000 monitored movements using three GPS receivers. After initial processing, the results gave plausible vertical and lateral (sideways) displacements, but also described implausible longitudinal movements along the axis of the bridge. Digital signal processing techniques applied to the data are reported. Due to the satellite constellation in the UK, a large void exists from the zenith to the horizon in a northerly direction. This lack of GPS satellites results in poor satellite geometry in the north-south direction, and hence poor north-south precision, explaining the unsatisfactory element of the Millennium Bridge results. More importantly a technique to overcome the issues is described. Notwithstanding this, the lateral vibration frequencies obtained from the GPS data agree extremely well with those found in the modal surveys carried out by Arup, even when displacement amplitudes are small.
Recent concrete, self-anchored suspension bridges in China
Authors: Zhang Z. , Teng Q.-J. , Qiu W.-L.
Published: December 2006

The self-anchored suspension bridge provides a competitive solution for bridges with short or moderate spans. This paper introduces some key techniques used in three concrete, self-anchored suspension bridges in China: GoldenBay Bridge, LanQi Bridge and WanXin Bridge. GoldenBay Bridge was the first concrete self-anchored suspension bridge in China. WanXin Bridge has a main span of 160 m. The appropriate structural forms were designed to take account of their different geographic positions, surrounding environments and functions. In the WanXin Bridge, two sliding saddles and one fixed saddle are set at each end of the main girder. The cables are made of a continuous galvanised steel rope passing over all saddles, and the two main cables form a closed loop. It was the first time that the practice of using a looped main cable had been utilised in China. Currently, the WanXin Bridge has the longest span of all concrete, self-anchored suspension bridges in the world. The final part of the paper describes the model investigation, developed to understand the basic structural behaviour of the WanXin Bridge.
Pronominal address in German
Authors: Kretzenbacher Heinz L. , Clyne Michael , Schüpbach Doris
Published: December 2006

Choice of address forms, a socially crucial feature in German communication, is context-dependent on situations (a) where the unmarked form of address is du (T), (b) where it is Sie (V), and (c) where the two systems (a and b) coexist. The first two situations are, apart from their fuzzy edges, rather clearcut. The third situation, however, appears anarchic and has a high embarrassment potential. In an empirical study based on 72 interviews conducted in three regions of the German speaking area, the three prototypical situations are explored. A number of potentially conflicting rules and preferences for ambiguity are isolated. These include individual preferences, network preferences and perceptions of social distance, based on factors such as relative age, emotional closeness of interlocutors, and perceived commonalities between them. In spite of the complex interplay of competing rules and preferences and the consequent embarrassment potential, German speakers appear to reject any imposition from outside of a particular address form. This study is part of a larger, Australian-based project comparing the address systems of French, German and Swedish.
Inclusion, belonging, and institutional climate – overlooked factors driving diverse STEM faculty turnover?
Authors: Doles Mali D. , Cornelius Joseph T. , Doles Jason D.
Published: February 2025

Faculty turnover at institutes of higher learning disrupts educational continuity, compromises scholarly activity, has negative impacts on learner experiences, and is costly. As such, understanding the reasons why faculty leave—especially in cases where they plan to stay in academia—is critically important with respect to designing and implementing informed retention initiatives. We conducted a survey of STEM faculty who recently switched institutions to gain insights into factors driving their decision to leave. Across all respondents, we found that factors relating to culture/climate were more important than factors relating to pay/compensation or position title. This relative prioritization was even more apparent among women faculty and faculty from disadvantaged backgrounds. We contextualize and discuss the implications of our findings and provide strategies for cultivating inclusive climates to promote faculty retention.
Improving VMAT dose calculation accuracy and planning quality via a GPU‐accelerated Fourier transform dose calculation algorithm
Authors: Guida Kenny , Ma Chaoqiong , Patel Joy , Reddy Krishna , Li H. Harold
Published: February 2025

Background

Inverse planning typically utilizes fast, less accurate dose calculation algorithms during the iterative optimization process, thus leading to dose calculation errors (DCEs) and suboptimal plans that often require dose normalization and/or plan re‐optimization.

Purpose

A graphic processing unit (GPU) accelerated Fourier transform dose calculation (FTDC) was recently commissioned at our institution during the Eclipse treatment planning system (Varian Medical Systems) v18.0 upgrade. We hypothesize that FTDC could reduce DCEs and planning failure rates (PFRs) compared to its predecessor, multi‐resolution dose calculation (MRDC), while improving efficiency through utilization of GPUs.

Methods

Fifty lung SBRT plans were optimized with MRDC and FTDC dose calculation algorithms. Acuros XB (AXB) was then used for final dose calculations. DCEs for target and organ‐at‐risk (OAR) were calculated as the percent difference between AXB and dose calculated at the final optimization step. Plan quality was assessed using an in‐house planning scorecard where PFRs were calculated as the percentage of plans that had a plan score less than 90% with optimal plans scored at 100%.

Results

FTDC showed excellent agreement with AXB in terms of planning target volume (PTV) coverage, as PTV D95% DCEFTDC averaged 0.8% ± 0.9%, compared to DCEMRDC’s −2.5% ± 3.2%. DCEs for thoracic OARs were reduced with less variation when optimizing with FTDC as compared to MRDC. FTDC had a PFR of 10% (5 out of 50) versus MRDC's 32% (16 out of 50). The subsequent re‐optimization rate resulted from a plan normalization of 3% or greater was 4% for FTDC compared to MRDC's 38%. FTDC with GPU acceleration reduced optimization time by 75% on average compared to MRDC without GPU acceleration.

Conclusions

FTDC shows more accurate dose calculation accuracy compared to MRDC. Its use during the optimization process improved planning quality and efficiency assisted with GPUs.
Ontologies for FAIR Data in Additive Manufacturing: A Use Case‐Based Evaluation
Authors: Bjarsch Thomas , Drechsler Klaus , Schilp Johannes
Published: February 2025

The development of an ontology‐based approach for generating Findable, Accessible, Interoperable, Reusable (FAIR) data for powder bed fusion, a representative additive manufacturing process, is explored. Addressing key aspects of part design, parameter selection, and processing history, the study identifies both the advantages and disadvantages of using ontologies to manage and utilize distributed and heterogeneous data from additive manufacturing effectively. Critical to this approach is the establishment of unique digital and physical identifiers for physical objects, which facilitate the creation of digital object records and enhance data findability, crucial for enabling digital twins. Despite the benefits of increased findability and domain expandability, challenges persist, such as the complexity of integrating diverse data sources and the high demand for specialized knowledge to navigate ontology‐based systems, discussed by incorporating the basic formal ontology. The study also explores data integration techniques using Python, the application of reasoning to reduce manual input, and the implications on reusability. The research demonstrates the potential of FAIR data to transform additive manufacturing processes by enabling more efficient data utilization. Applications such as material property and process parameter selection, as well as the creation of digital part records, serve as exemplary implementations showcasing the practical benefits of this approach.
Spatial and Electrostatic Dual‐Confinement in Hierarchical Hollow Bi‐Bi₂O₃@Carbon Nanofibers for Dendrite Suppression and Side Reaction Mitigation in Aqueous Zinc‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Ye Jinqiu , Ge Tiancheng , Qu Xin , Mohideen Mohamedazeem M. , Wang Ce , Hu Ping , Liu Yong
Published: February 2025

The widespread application of aqueous zinc‐ion batteries (AZIBs) is hindered by anode dendrite formation and side reactions, reducing cycling life and performance. This study introduces Bi‐Bi₂O₃‐loaded carbon nanofibers (Bi‐Bi₂O₃@CNF) with hierarchical hollow structures and surface grooves fabricated via electrospinning, thermal treatment, and in situ growth. Experimental characterization and density functional theory reveal that the high surface area and fibrous network of Bi‐Bi₂O₃@CNF enhance electron transport and electrolyte distribution, effectively reducing ohmic resistance and concentration polarization. This “Spatial Effect” provides ample space for uniform Zn deposition. Additionally, the in situ‐grown Bi‐Bi₂O₃, pyridinic nitrogen, pyrrolic nitrogen, and C─O─Bi bonds induce strong zinc affinity and electronegativity, generating an “Electrostatic Confinement Effect” that amplifies the “spatial effect” into a “Dual‐Confinement Effect.” This synergy ensures uniform Zn deposition, suppresses dendrites and side reactions, and mitigates polarization. Compared to pure Zn anodes, Bi‐Bi₂O₃@CNF reduces polarization overpotential by 17.6%, increases hydrogen evolution overpotential by 11.52%, and maintains a Coulombic efficiency of 98.8% for over 200 h. In full cells, Zn@Bi‐Bi₂O₃@CNF//MnO₂ achieves 73.0% capacity retention after 1000 cycles at 1000 mA g⁻¹. This work provides a promising strategy for high‐efficiency, durable, and safe AZIBs and offers valuable insights into the design of advanced aqueous energy storage materials.
How to Achieve High Spatial Resolution in Organic Optobioelectronic Devices?
Authors: Fabbri Luca , Migliaccio Ludovico , Širvinskytė Aleksandra , Rizzi Giacomo , Bondi Luca , Tamarozzi Cristiano , Weber Stefan A.L. , Fraboni Beatrice , Glowacki Eric Daniel , Cramer Tobias
Published: February 2025

Light activated local stimulation and sensing of biological cells hold great promise for minimally invasive bioelectronic interfaces. Organic semiconductors are particularly appealing for these applications due to their optoelectronic properties and biocompatibility. This study examines the material properties necessary to localize the optical excitation and achieve optoelectronic transduction with high spatial resolution. Using photovoltage and photocurrent microscopy, we investigate spatial broadening of local optical excitation in Phthalocyanine/3,4,9,10‐Perylenetetracarboxylic diimide (H2PC/PTCDI) planar heterojunctions. Our measurements reveal that resolution losses are tied to the effective diffusion length of charge carriers at the heterojunction. For the H2PC/PTCDI heterojunction, the diffusion length is determined to be λd = 1.5 ± 0.1 µm, attributed to reduced carrier mobility. Covering the heterojunction with poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene) polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS) improves the charge generation performance but increases the carrier diffusion length to λd = 7.0 ± 0.3 µm due to longer lifetime and higher carrier mobility. These findings elucidate the physical mechanisms underlying transduction and provide design principles for organic semiconductor devices aimed at achieving high efficiency and high spatial resolution for wireless and optically activated bioelectronics.
Tour Operators as a Tool to Improve Information on Data‐Deficient Cetacean Species
Authors: Peres dos Santos Rui , Rodríguez Yasmina , Sears Richard , Magno Ramiro , Castilho Rita
Published: February 2025

Understanding the distribution and behaviour of species is crucial for ecosystem assessment and economic evaluations. Despite global research efforts, some cetacean species or populations remain data deficient. False killer whales (Pseudorca crassidens) are among these species, possibly due to their pelagic behaviour and high mobility. This study focused on the Azorean Archipelago, an ecologically rich region influenced by the Gulf Stream and North Atlantic Current, where false killer whales have been regularly observed over the last decade by the whale watching operators. Using opportunistic data collection from tourist operators, we established the first long‐term study of false killer whales in the NE Atlantic Ocean. Results revealed sightings between April and October, with a peak from July to September. False killer whale groups were observed interacting with other species, particularly bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus). The photo‐identification analysis produced an individual catalogue and identified associations between individuals and groups. Four of these animals presented dorsal fin injury patterns suggestive of interactions with fishing gear. Open population capture–recapture (openCR) models estimated a population of 198 individuals in the research area. This study demonstrates the importance of opportunistic data collection in understanding poorly studied species. The findings contribute insights into false killer whale presence, behaviour and potential threats in the studied region. Future research should expand to winter data collection, comprehensive fishery interaction studies and population dynamics assessments for effective conservation efforts.