bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Composition of the mixture for silicization and boriding of products made of silicon carbide and molybdenum disilicyde
Authors: Kovbashyn Vasiliy , Bochar Igor
Published: December 2024

The work describes the constitution of the composition for processing ceramic materials, made of reaction-sintered silicon carbide and molybdenum disilicide. The conditions of the technical and technological process of processing non-metallic ceramic materials depending on the composition of silicide and boride powder mixtures were studied and analyzed. It has been established that the improvement of the operational characteristics of powder mixtures for silicification and boronization can be achieved with the help of a complex activator. On the basis of the conducted research, the optimal composition of the mixture is proposed, which ensures high-quality saturation of the treated surface and almost doubles the diffusion saturation with silicon and boron. It was also established that different compositions of silicide and boride mixtures can be used to intensify the process of processing ceramic materials in a saturating environment. Diffusion saturation of ceramic materials is recommended to be carried out using titanium hydride, which ensures the required saturation speed and high quality of the treated surface. The research results showed that the proposed compositions of mixtures for silicification and boronization can be recommended for processing products based on reaction-sintered silicon carbide and molybdenum disilicide materials used for the manufacture of electric heaters and various structural elements of high-temperature equipment.
Methodology of experimental and analytical research of technical systems
Authors: Pidgurskyi Mykola , Stashkiv Mykola , Pidgurskyi Ivan , Oleksyuk Vasyl , Pidluzhnyi Oleh , Bykiv Denys , Borys Ivan , Bulaienko Ruslan , Stashkiv Victor , Mushak Andriy
Published: December 2024

An analysis of modern measuring systems for assessing static and dynamic loads was carried out. A multifunctional measuring system has been developed for the study of operational load modes and assessment of the stress-strain state of technical systems. Real-time experiments of the operating load of mobile machines and the stress-strain state of the overhead crane beams were conducted.
Analysis of the behavior of potato bearing layer particles on the oscillating plane of the potato plant ploughshare
Authors: Babii Andrii , Holovetskyi Ivan , Boiko Vitalii
Published: December 2024

New design of the vibrating undermining operating body of potato harvesting machine where the specificity is that the plane of such ploughshare performs oscillating movements according to a certain law was proposed in this paper. Therefore, each point of the plane has different transporting and separating ability. The design and description of this operating body is presented in this paper. On the basis of its kinematic scheme the calculated dependencies which determine the conditions of movement of the individual particle by its plane are given. The above mentioned technique made it possible to determine for a separate kinematic mode of operation of the potato digger the value of accelerations that the oscillating plane transmits to the particle for the occurrence of directional motion. The values of the acting and minimum required accelerations acting on the particle located on the oscillating plane of the ploughshare have been analyzed, and conclusions about the possibility of its directed motion have been made.
System Energy Analysis and COMSOL Simulation of a Superconducting Shielding Model
Authors:   AVIC R&D, China, Zheng Yong Gang
Published: December 2024

This article proposes a superconducting shielding magnetic field model based on the Meissner effect of superconductors, which
blocks magnetic fields. By utilizing the shielding effect of the superconductor on the magnetic field during the phase transition,
the model achieves intermittent shielding of electromagnetic force, allowing the electromagnetic force to work intermittently
on the moving magnet within the model during its operation. The model is analyzed on the basis of superconducting
thermodynamic theory, with a focus on the electromagnetic energy of the system. It is concluded that the energy is not
conserved during the operation of the model. To verify the correctness of the analysis, electromagnetic simulations and data
analysis were conducted via the COMSOL electromagnetic module and Ampère's law superconducting model parameters,
which yielded identical results.
INOVASI ECO GREEN CONCRETE DENGAN PEMANFAATAN LIMBAH SAW, LIMBAH BETON, LIMBAH KERAMIK, DAN LIMBAH KARET SEBAGAI SUBSTITUSI AGREGAT
Authors: Tiyani Lilis , Amalia  , Sukarman  , Nursin Afrizal , Riyadi Muhtarom
Published: December 2024

Eco green concrete muncul sebagai solusi beton ramah lingkungan yang dibuat menggunakan limbah atau bahan sisa dari berbagai industri. Salah satunya berupa penggantian agregat penyusun beton dengan material yang tidak merusak lingkungan. Pada penelitian ini dilakukan pembuatan inovasi Eco Green Concrete dengan campuran Submerged Arc Welding (SAW) yang merupakan sisa hasil dari proses pengelasan baja, limbah beton, limbah keramik yang disubstitusikan pada agregat kasar dan limbah karet yang juga di substitusikan terhadap agregat halus dengan persentase limbah SAW 20%, limbah beton 20%, limbah keramik 10%, dan limbah karet 8%. Tujuan dilakukan penelitian inovasi Eco Green Concrete adalah untuk mengetahui kuat tekan beton dan diharapkan akan berpengaruh pada estimasi biaya proyek yang lebih ekonomis namun mutu beton yang digunakan tetap berkualitas dan ramah lingkungan. Penelitian dilakukan secara eksperimental dengan membuat benda uji beton yang diuji kuat tekan pada umur 7, 14, dan 28 hari, uji kuat tarik belah umur 28 hari dan uji lentur 28 hari. Berdasarkan pengujian kuat tekan diperoleh hasil uji kuat tekan umur 28 hari beton tanpa inovasi sebesar 34,74 Mpa dan  beton inovasi 33,92 Mpa. Hasil pengujian kuat tarik belah beton tanpa inovasi sebesar 3,87 Mpa dan beton inovasi 3,95 Mpa. Hasil pengujian kuat lentur beton tanpa inovasi sebesar 4,83 Mpa dan beton inovasi sebesar 5,22 Mpa.
Kata kunci : beton, limbah, substitusi
Enhancing Pediatric Forearm Fracture Management: The Role of Extension Casting in Reducing Repeat Interventions
Authors: Hossain Md Sajjad , Liton Md Shah Nur , Morshed Muhammed Khaled
Published: December 2024

Background: Fractures of the forearm are common in the pediatric population, often requiring careful management to ensure optimal outcomes and minimize long-term complications. Among the various treatment modalities available, extension casting has emerged as a promising approach in pediatric forearm fracture management. Objective: The aim was to evaluate the effectiveness of extension casting in reducing the need for repeat interventions in pediatric forearm fractures. Methods: This study was a prospective cohort study conducted at the Department of Orthopaedics & Traumatology of Khwaja Yunus Ali Medical College & Hospital, Enayetpur, Sirajganj, from July 2020 to July 2023. A total of 60 pediatric patients, aged 5-12 years, with acute forearm fractures were enrolled. Different statistical methods were adopted in this study. All analyses were performed using SPSS version 25.0. Results: The study of 60 pediatric patients with forearm fractures showed a mean age of 8.2 years, with 60% males. Most fractures were in the middle third of the forearm (60%). At 12 weeks, 87% maintained satisfactory reduction. Only 10% required repeat interventions. PODCI scores indicated excellent functional recovery, low residual pain, and high satisfaction. Minor complications included skin irritation (6.7%) and transient nerve palsy (3.3%), with no long-term complications. Conclusion: The results of this study affirm the effectiveness and safety of extension casting in managing pediatric forearm fractures. This method not only ensures better maintenance of fracture reduction and reduces the need for repeat interventions but also yields excellent functional outcomes and low complication rates.
J Rang Med Col. September 2024; Vol. 9, No. 2: 50-55
Diseño En Los Artefactos De Utilería Para Recreación Histórica Y Su Rol Como Potenciadores De La Complejidad En Grupos Lúdicos Culturales
Authors: Silva-González María Martha Margarita , Sosa Compeán Liliana Beatriz
Published: December 2024

En este artículo de investigación, se realiza la exploración del potencial del diseño de los artefactos para generar complejidad en grupos sociales. El estudio se hizo por medio de revisión teórica y su reinterpretación al campo del estudio; el objetivo es evidenciar cómo ciertos objetos de diseño tienen capacidad de detonar cohesión y consolidar grupos o comunidades. Los objetos aquí estudiados son los llamados simuladores para combate y recreación histórica, que se usan en las actividades de reconstrucción histórica de los llamados Grupos de Recreación Histórica Experimental Lúdicos (GRHEL), tales como softcombat, juego de rol envivo (LARP) y arqueología experimental. Para abordar este tema, primeramente se caracterizan a los GRHEL como Sistemas complejos adaptativos (SCA), ya que este marco teórico referencial resulta útil para entender cómo las interacciones simples entre los agentes que los integran (en este caso, personas y artefactos), se traducen en la creación de una red de complejidad adaptativa. Esta red permite a estos grupos consolidarse y evolucionar para realizar actividades cada vez más especializadas. Se concluye que el diseño y características de los artefactos simuladores para el combate y recreación histórica sí potencializan la complejidad delos grupos porque permiten el desarrollo de actividades que intensifican las interacciones y su uso aporta significados y comunicación entre los agentes miembros de los grupos.Palabras clave: diseño, interacciones, artefactos de utilería, complejidad.
AbstractThis research article explores the potential of artifact design to generate complexity in social groups. The study was carried out through a theoretical review and its reinterpretation in the field of study; the aim is to demonstrate how certain design objects can detonate cohesion and consolidate groups or communities. The objects studied here are called simulators for combat and historical recreation, which are used in historical reenactment activities of the so-called Experimental Historical Recreation Groups (GRHEL), including soft combat, live-action role-playing (LARP), and experimental archaeology. To address this topic, GRHELs are first  characterized as Complex Adaptive Systems (CAS), as this theoretical framework is useful in understanding how simple interactions among agents (in this case, people and artifacts) result in the creation of a network of adaptive complexity. This network allows these groups to consolidate and evolve to carry out increasingly specialized activities. It is concluded that the design and characteristics of combat and historical recreation simulators enhance the complexity of these groups by enabling the development of activities that intensify interactions, and their use contributes to meaning and communication between the agents who are members of the groups.
Keywords: design, interactions, prop artifacts, complexity.
Exploración Del Diseño Paramétrico Con Materiales Terrosos Para Panelería Interior
Authors: Naula Aucapiña Segundo Freddy , Sigcha Cedillo Christian Geovanny
Published: December 2024

El objetivo principal de la investigación experimental es analizar las cualidades de los materiales terrosos, como la arcilla y el barro, que tienen un gran valor cultural y una amplia aplicación en espacios interiores. Además, se exploran métodos de diseño que están en auge en la actualidad, al centrarse en la aplicación del diseño paramétrico. Se plantea el diseño de paneles a partir de estos materiales terrosos, a los cuales se les añaden otros tipos de materiales, para analizar sus reacciones en cuanto a su composición física. Con el método de experimentación aplicado, se logra determinar las aplicaciones más viables de estos materiales, tanto en sus formas como en su composición, y así poder ensamblar paneles que pueden generar flexibilidad en cuanto a su composición dentro del espacio. El uso de software especializado permite crear patrones paramétricos con las piezas de materiales terrosos, los cuales pueden ser reconfigurados de manera sencilla por los usuarios gracias a los sistemas de anclaje, sujeción y unión diseñados para lograr esta flexibilidad de configuración de los paneles. La investigación proporciona una perspectiva innovadora sobre el uso de materiales tradicionales, en combinación con métodos de diseño contemporáneos, lo que puede influir en la evolución de prácticas arquitectónicas y de diseño de interiores.
Palabras clave: arcilla, materiales tradicionales, diseño paramétrico, diseño interior, panelería, configuración espacial.AbstractThe main objective of the experimental research is to analyze the qualities of earthy materials, such as clay and mud, which hold significant cultural value and wide application in interior spaces. In addition, it explores design methods that are currently on the rise, focusing on the application of parametric design. The design of panels using these earthy materials is proposed, to which other types of materials are added in order to analyze their reactions in terms of their physical composition. With the method of experimentation applied, it is possible to determine the most viable applications of these materials, both in their shapes and composition, and thus assemble panels that can generate flexibility in their composition within the space. The use of specialized software allows the creation of parametric patterns with the pieces of earthy materials, which can be easily reconfigured by users thanks to the anchoring, fastening, and joining systems designed to achieve this flexibility in the configuration of the panels. The research provides an innovative perspective on the use of traditional materials in combination with contemporary design methods, potentially influencing the evolution of architectural and interior design practices. Keywords: clay, traditional materials, parametric design, interior design, paneling, spatial configuration
Lina Bo Bardi: SESC Pompeia (1976-1983), Proceso De Concepción Y Palimpsesto
Authors: Sinchi Toral Iván
Published: December 2024

El presente artículo de investigación se plantea desde la hipótesis de que el acercamiento al SESC Pompeia de Lina Bo Bardi, a través de su proceso de concepción, revela el criterio de palimpsesto como una serie reescrituras que superponen dimensiones y visiones diversas sobre cómo abordar un edificio desde las sugerencias que da la forma y a qué objetivos esta debe apuntar en el ámbito del proyecto de arquitectura. El trabajo, entonces, se centra en tres momentos: el proyecto construido, los proyectos previos y el proceso de concepción del SESC Pompeia en sí. Para esto, se examinan sus planos y bocetos previos, y se contrasta la imagen del edificio construido con las decisiones de diseño en él descartadas; así, se comprende mejor aquello que en él prevalecen. Las reflexiones, en efecto, giran en torno a las nociones de forma como estructura, forma como figura y al acto de posicionarse en el lugar del autor. Estos son útiles para interpretar el pensamiento de Lina Bo Bardi al momento de proyectar su arquitectura.Palabras clave: Lina Bo Bardi, SESC Pompeia, proceso de concepción, palimpsesto.
AbstractThe present research article proposes the hypothesis that approaching to Lina Bo Bardi’s SESC Pompeia building through its design process reveals the palimpsest criterion as a series of re-writings overlapping diverse dimensions and visions. This has implications on how to approach a building based on the suggestions that form provides, and what goals it should aim for in terms of an architectural project. This work thus focuses on three phases: the built SESC Pompeia, earlier Lina Bo Bardi’s projects, and the design process of SESC Pompeia itself. For this purpose, the building plans and previous sketches are examined, contrasting thebuilt image with the discarded design decisions to better understand the ones that prevail in it. Indeed, the reflections revolve around the notions of form as structure, form as a figure, and the act of positioning oneself in the author's place. All of them are useful for interpreting Lina Bo Bardi’s thoughts at the time she designed her architecture.
Keywords: Lina Bo Bardi, SESC Pompeia, design process, palimpsest.
El Impacto De Las Tecnologías Avanzadas En El Diseño Gráfico, Desde La Inteligencia Artificial Hasta La Realidad Aumentada: Revisión Sistemática De Literatura
Authors: Cevallos Córdova Nicolás Antonio , Luna Aro Izamar Susan
Published: December 2024

Este estudio examina cómo la inteligencia artificial (IA), la realidad aumentada (RA) y otras herramientas han reconfigurado el campo del diseño gráfico en casos específicos medidos en términos de creatividad y eficiencia. Mediante una revisión de literatura, se sintetizan hallazgos sobre el impacto de estas tecnologías en la práctica profesional y académica de los últimos cinco años. Los resultados destacan el uso de estas herramientas para mejorar la creatividad y eficiencia en los procesos de diseño, así como la necesidad de adaptar la educación en diseño gráfico para integrarlas y así redefinir la práctica profesional. Se destaca la importancia de actualizar continuamente habilidades y métodos para enfrentar los retos de un mercado laboral tecnológicamente avanzado y en constante cambio.
Palabras clave: automatización, IA generativa, innovación digital, algoritmos, diseño gráfico.
AbstractThis study examines how artificial intelligence (AI), augmented reality (AR), and other tools have reconfigured the field of graphic design in specific cases measured in terms of creativity and efficiency. Through a literature review, findings are synthesized regarding the impact of these technologies on professional and academic practice over the past five years. The results highlight the use of these tools to enhance creativity and efficiency in design processes, as well as the need to adapt graphic design education to integrate them and thereby redefine professional practice. The importance of continuously updating skills and methods to meet the challenges of a technologically advanced and constantly changing job market is emphasized.
Keywords: automation, generative AI, digital innovation, algorithms, graphic design.
Revisión Tipológica Y Estilística De Los Signos Identificadores Gráficos De Entidades Públicas Del Ecuador Dentro De Su Contexto Histórico Como Referencias De Calidad
Authors: Jiménez Álvaro Xavier Fernando
Published: December 2024

El diseño de signos de identidad gráfica es una práctica que exige procesos metodológicos rigurosos y efectivos para garantizar su calidad y, sobre todo, su contribución al crecimiento y desarrollo de la cultura material. Esta práctica en constante crecimiento mayormente es informal, mediada por la instrumentación tecnológica y las tendencias estéticas mainstream. Los resultados que se obtienen son atractivos, por su bajo costo y rapidez de producción; entran en circulación y compiten por la atención de un público ávido de ver más en sus dispositivos y pantallas. De esta manera, el conocimiento del diseño efectivo de alta calidad queda guardado en los textos y ejercicios académicos, al tornarse estéril frente a las prácticas mercantilizadas. Estos signos gráficos, al ser públicos, se constituyen en patrimonio cultural de un pueblo; son un espacio que se debe cuidar y, por lo cual, se debe exigir que los procesos de construcción marcaria cumplan exigencias metodológicas y técnicas de alta calidad. En este trabajo, que es de tipo reflexivo, se propone reconocer en nuestra historia, algunos hitos que permitan identificar con mayor claridad este patrimonio y sus códigos culturales generados como referentes de estudio para los nuevos diseños.
Palabras clave: diseño, diseño gráfico, marcas gráficas, logos, signos de identidad gráfica.
AbstractThe design of graphic identity signs is a practice that requires rigorous and effective methodological processes to guarantee its quality and, above all, its contribution to the growth and development of material culture. This constantly growing practice is primarily informal, mediated by technological instrumentation and mainstream aesthetic trends. The results obtained are attractive due to their low cost and speed of production; they enter circulation and compete for the attention of an audience eager to see more on their devices and screens. In this way, the knowledge of high-quality, effective design is stored in academic texts and exercises, becoming sterile in the face of commercialized practices. These graphic signs, being public, constitute the cultural heritage of a people. This space must be cared for, and therefore, it must be demanded that the processes of brand construction meet high-quality methodological and technical requirements. In this work, which is reflective, it is proposed to recognize in our history some milestones that allow us to more clearly identify this heritage and its cultural codes generated as study references for new designs.
Keywords: design, graphic design, graphic brands, logos, signs of graphic identity.
Koulun historiaa haistamassa ja kuu(nte)lemassa
Authors: Männistö-Funk Tiina , Kilpiö Kaarina
Published: December 2024

Artikkeli tarkastelee koulujen historiaa aistien ja muistamisen näkökulmasta. Tarkennamme katseen 1950–90-lukujen koulunkäyntiin materiaalisena ja affektiivisena kokemuksena tutkimalla kahteen opetusteknologiaan, keskusradioihin ja kopiokoneisiin, liittyviä aistimuistoja. Liikumme kolmella tavalla kasvatuksen historian katvealueilla: yhtäältä materiaalisten tai ruumiillisten muistojen, toisaalta vähälle huomiolle jääneiden aistien ja kolmanneksi teknisen infrastruktuurin tarkastelun osalta. Artikkelissamme aistimuistot toimivat johdattajina koulujen materiaalisiin sommitelmiin. Kysymme, millaisia aistimaisemia koulumuistot piirtävät esiin sekä mitä teknologiaan liittyvät aistimuistot voivat kertoa koulusta ruumiillisena ja materiaalisena sommitelmana. Kopiokoneisiin liittyvät hajumuistot ja taktiiliset muistot sekä keskusradioihin liittyvät kuulomuistot valottavat koulujen aistimaisemaa yhtäältä hyvin ennakoitavana ja hallittuna, kokonaissuunnitelmaa palvelevana, toisaalta kuitenkin myös yllätyksiä, luovuutta ja omaehtoisuutta ilmaisevana ja mahdollistavana. Aistimuistojen analyysin perusteella päädymme ehdottamaan aistimellisen näkökulman entistä laajempaa soveltamista koulujen ja muistitiedon tarkastelussa.
Kyläkoulun muuttuvat merkitykset
Authors: Kuusisto Alina , Jauhiainen Annukka , Jokila Suvi , Korolainen Kari , Pöllänen Pirjo , Leppähaara Susanna
Published: December 2024

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Combined Effect of Rebamipide 2% and Hyaluronic Acid 0.15% on Dry Eye after Cataract Surgery
Authors: Seong Ji Yun , Chung Sung Kun
Published: December 2024

Purpose: To assess the combined therapeutic effects of topical rebamipide 2% and hyaluronic acid 0.15% in managing dry eye symptoms following cataract surgery.Methods: Patients who underwent cataract surgery (phacoemulsification with intraocular lens insertion) were assessed for dry eye one week following the procedure. Dry eye patients were randomly assigned to two groups: a treatment group receiving rebamipide 2% and hyaluronic acid 0.15% eye drops, and a control group who did not receive these treatments. Various dry eye tests, including Schirmer’s test, tear break up time (TBUT), ocular surface staining, tear film osmolarity, tear lipid layer thickness, and the ocular surface disease index, were conducted at one and two months after surgery.Results: Significant improvements in TBUT (1 month: p < 0.001; 2 months: p < 0.001) and ocular surface staining scores (1 month: p = 0.001; 2 months: p < 0.001) were observed in the treatment group at both one and two months after surgery compared to baseline. During the follow-up period, the treatment group consistently showed significantly longer TBUT (p < 0.001 at both intervals) and lower ocular surface staining scores (1 month: p = 0.007; 2 months: p < 0.001) when compared to the control group.Conclusions: The combined application of rebamipide and hyaluronic acid eye drops following cataract surgery effectively improved TBUT and ocular surface staining scores.
Youth Protagonism: Promoting a Culture of Peace at School Through Socio-Emotional Development
Authors: Tamura Ana Lúcia Hermosilla
Published: December 2024

Numerous situations in schools highlight the urgency of work fo-cused on socio-emotional development. Educational institutions should incorporate subjects into their curriculum that promote a culture of peace. Schools should serve as collective environments for practicing dialogue and respecting for diversity. Method: a teamwork strategy was structured to help students learn respectful coexistence and to develop conflict-solving skills among peers. This doctoral research employed a qualitative-quantitative ap-proach, using the case study method to understand the importance of such school project. Preliminary results: this study elucidates the needs of adolescents and describes how teamwork can effectively teach peer conviviality and social skills. The final analysis of the thesis is ongoing but contributes to the argument for socio-emotional development in schools. It highlights the need to imple-ment student training projects that promote youth leadership, con-flict resolution, and a culture of peace. After the implementation of the help teams, 59% of the students recognized that the school has student teams to help resolve peer conflicts. Additionally, some students who had social difficulties increased their engagement at school throughout the project.
Examining Development Studies (DS) Teaching Philosophy, Methods and Desired Competences in Lesotho Secondary Context
Authors: Lekhanya Ngoanannete David
Published: December 2024

Using qualitative approach in document analysis of educational policies and syllabi in CAP (2009) and the Integrated Grade 8 Social Sciences Syllabus 2017, the study sets out to explore Development Studies (DS) teaching philosophy, methods and the desired competences in Lesotho secondary schools. The subject was introduced in order to achieve the goals of self-reliance through education with production. It was further meant to explore the theory underpinning the subject, appropriate instructional strategies and pertinent subject philosophy. The findings revealed that DS as a subject is couched in Constructivism Theory (CT) which upholds that liberatory, critical or transformative pedagogies are more suitable as opposed to transmission or didactic pedagogies. Transformative pedagogies are understood to promote desired competences including innovativeness, creativity, problem solving, critical thinking, collaboration, practical and research skills. The outlined skills are dependent on the teacher’s astute subject pedagogical content knowledge (PCK) calling for deployment of learner centred or actively engaging teaching and learning approaches in DS classrooms.
Unveiling Pre-Service Teachers’ Self-Efficacy: A Comprehensive Analysis of Teaching Materials Utilization
Authors: Fayda-Kinik F. Sehkar
Published: December 2024

This study investigated pre-service teachers’ self-efficacy in teaching materials utilization (TMU) focusing on the aspects of message design, usage, and visual design, and how demographic factors such as gender, age, university type, year of study, and teaching branch affect their self-efficacy in TMU. A group of 347 pre-service teachers studying at the faculty of education in different universities across Turkey were measured for their self-efficacy in the aspects of message design, usage, and visual design in teaching materials. The study quantitatively revealed that pre-service teachers demonstrated high levels of self-efficacy in all three domains. Notably, pre-service teachers’ self-efficacy varied significantly across demographic variables. Female pre-service teachers generally exhibited higher self-efficacy across all the subscales compared to their male counterparts. Age was also found to influence their self-efficacy in that older participants displayed greater competence. The pre-service teachers from foundation universities showed higher self-efficacy than those from state universities. However, the year of study did not significantly affect self-efficacy levels. Furthermore, significant differences in self-efficacy were also observed across different teaching branches, particularly in message design and usage, but not in visual design. This study contributes valuable insights for teacher education programs by emphasizing the importance of demographic considerations in developing teaching materials competencies among pre-service teachers.
Private trading in African wildlife: Alwin Karl Haagner's directorship of and departure from South Africa's National Zoological Gardens, Pretoria (1913–1926) (W. T. Stearn Student Essay Prize 2023)
Authors: Uys Mia
Published: December 2024

In 1926, Alwin Karl Haagner (1880–1962), resigned from his position as director of South Africa's National Zoological Gardens (NZG) in Pretoria after thirteen years of service and left the country. While it has long been rumoured that he was involved in private animal trading, historians have not critically analyzed what led to his departure, nor his time as zoo director. However, a close reading of the reports compiled after two Commissions of Enquiry (1924, 1926) that were appointed to examine private trading and the depositing of animals at the zoo, reveals two important historical findings. Firstly, these Commissions detail a previously unknown network of animal trade that began with permits issued to capture wild animals in Southern Rhodesia (now Zimbabwe), their transportation via the South African Railways to the zoo, and their care by the keepers there before being shipped abroad. This shows that Haagner, who had personal connections with private traders and Southern Rhodesian authorities, was assisting well-known trading firms such as the German Hagenbeck and Ruhe companies to acquire wild animals from southern Africa through means not known to governing authorities. Secondly, this evidence complicates existing accounts of Haagner, who is mainly remembered for his ornithological research and campaigns for wildlife protection. Despite his claim that assisting the trade in zoo animals was part of the duties of the director, the personal financial gains he made through this trade point to other motives. The exposure of a history of corruption from within the NZG places southern Africa into the global animal trade and contributes to its historiography.
Information deficiency among farmers regarding vegetable production practices in peri-urban areas of the Punjab-Pakistan
Authors: Hassan Gulfam , Ashraf Ijaz , Ul Hassan Najam , Ali Majid , Khalid Imran , Ashraf Ejaz , Raza Hammad , Husnain Rana T. , Zia Shafiq-ur-Rehman , Asghar Salman
Published: December 2024

This study aimed at exploring the information deficiency among vegetables growers regarding production practices of vegetables. Total 208 vegetable growers, who were selected randomly participated in the study as respondents. The data were collected on structured questionnaire through face-to-face interview technique. The analysis of the data indicated that the farmers had diverse demographic conditions, but primarily with ordinary level of education (52.4% were illiterate), small land holdings and over reliance on farming sources to generate income (77.9%). Cultivation of vegetables was observed on small land holdings whereas 87% aimed at not only commercializing the produce abut also meet the domestic needs. In order to meet information needs, important for the vegetable’s cultivation, neighbour farmers were the most preferred information source (59.61%) while agriculture department (10.57%) and agriculture helpline (8.48%) were the least. Farmers had high level of information deficiency regarding Fertilizer application (x̅=4.38), Seed rate (x̅=4.25), Insect’s pests/diseases identification (4.01) and medium level deficiency regarding selection of Varieties (x̅=3.87), Insects pets management (x̅=3.53) and Harvesting (x̅=3.51). This is affirmed that farmers had information deficiency about the major aspects of the production and it could have impacted the production inversely. Farmers had more inclination towards traditional information sources and this could be the reason of information deficiency among farmers. This study urges more proactive role of agricultural extension department to mainstream the information delivery mechanism for the timely access and uniform delivery of required information among vegetable growers.
Prevalence of borderline personality disorder and its association with demographic factors among university students of Pakistan
Authors: Hayee Hafsa , Raana Tahira , Haider Imran I.
Published: December 2024

Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD) is a psychological disorder, which could cause severe problems in self-functioning, emotion regulation, and interpersonal relationships. This study aimed to assess BPD among university students and evaluating the association of BPD with demographic factors among the students. Three private sector universities were selected from Lahore. A cross-sectional survey was conducted by using questionnaire composed of demographic factors (gender, age and university) and Borderline Personality Inventory (BPI- cut 20). An estimated data of 700 undergraduates was collected through stratified sampling technique. The collected data was analyzed through SPSS (Version 17). There were (46%) males and (54%) female participants, whose mean age was 21 ± 1.81 years, at the time of data collection. The findings indicated, BPD (≥10) in majority (62%) of the participants. BPD was more prevalent among the age group of 18-21 years. Application of the Chi-square test confirmed non-significant association (p < 0.05) between age, and gender, with BPD. The strength of the relationship was assessed through the odds ratio (OR). Association between gender and BPD (OR= 1.026, CI= 0.755-1.392) and age and BPD (OR= 0.880, CI= 0.637-1.216), university and BPD (OR= 0.531, CI=0.381-0.742) reported a statistically significant association with BPD (p<0.001). Further the Logistic regression affirmed, impact of rank, of the educational institution (university) had significant effect on prevalence of BPD. Therefore, it is concluded that students (young adults) are more at risk of being affected by BPD, who are studying in the universities with higher socio-economic status. So, it can be supposed that environment (rank, location and circumstances) of the university is one of the dominating factors playing a significant role in the prevalence of BPD among young adults.
Trends and decomposition of crop output growth in Ethiopia
Authors: Gebre Endale , Debebe Sisay , Kuma Tadesse , Gibtan Ashagrie
Published: December 2024

Ethiopia has achieved impressive agricultural growth over the past two decades and is seen as one of the fastest-growing economies in Africa. Most of the impressive growth was registered in the crop sub-sector. This study employed agricultural sample national-level survey data from 2004/05 to 2019/20 period corresponding to successive five-year development plan periods. Descriptive analysis using the crop cut data used to show crop productivity growth for crop categories. Growth accounting analysis was applied by computing Total Factor Productivity (TFP) change with four scenarios -using primary and intermediate longitudinal input data. Results showed total crop output grew by 2.6-fold with an average rate of 9.0% per annum. Crop output increases were mainly driven by strong yield growth and increases in labour use, chemical fertilizer, TFP, and area under improved seed. Together these factors accounted for 74% of the growth in total real crop output and 21% for cultivated land, rural roads, and return to scale (RTS) together. The key drivers were labour (26%), chemical fertilizer and TFP each accounting for 17%, improved seed (14%) and expansion in cultivated land (9%). Estimates of average annual TFP growth for the period 2004/05-2009/10 depicted the highest annual average growth (0.54-6.64%) but declined during GTP-I (0.58 to 5.3%) and more in GTP-II (-0.1%-3.4%). The results reflect a need for a strong investment push for expanding the use of inputs such as improved seed, fertilizer, pesticide and irrigation through intensive extension to curb the recent crop productivity decline.
Optimization of the production of five (05) onion varieties tested at different doses of organic and mineral fertilizers in the Far North Cameroon.
Authors: Sakatai Dérik P. , Alain Wassouo F. , Ndouvahad Lazare , Paul Olina B.J. , Armand Abdou B.
Published: December 2024

In the Sudano-Sahelian zone of Cameroon, the production of dry-season onion bulbs contributes substantially to improving the incomes of small producers in rural areas. However, improving the technical practice is one of the major challenges to boosting the yield of the onion crop through the identification of the best fertilizer according to the type of soil. Experiments were conducted at three sites (Godola, Mayo-kalio and Koza) tested 05 onion varieties at three doses of 13 fertilizers in a split-plot design. The data collected were analyzed using XLSTAT software. The determination of the best combinations of inputs for the best activities (treatments) was carried out using GAMS software. The results of the study showed on the Mayo-kalio site (clay-sandy textural classification), all yields have increased (increasing return to scale) following the three doses for the majority of fertilizers applied to the Safari variety, its highest potential yield in t/ha is 74.02t/ha with the dose of 700kg/ha of NPK of the FM3 formulation. Finally, on the Koza site (sandy-clay textural classification), the highest average yield (54.81t/ha) was obtained at a dose of 175kg/ha of FM9 (21-8-12-2MgO+2.7S+2.5CaO) applied to the landrace variety compared to other varieties tested. By comparing the three test sites, the marginal productivity relative to capital for the purchase of fuels and lubricants (1.431fcfa for the dose of 175kg/ha); the related cost for the purchase of seeds (6.764FCFA; 6.809 FCFA respectively at doses of 350 kg/ha and 700kg/ha of 12-14-19-3.5MgO-0.15B) are the most important resources in the production of onion bulbs on the Mayo-kalio site. The marginal productivity generated with the best combinations of production inputs was obtained with D1*y1*FM3 treatments; D2*y3*FM3 and D3*y4*FM3 which are the best activities on the Mayo-kalio site. Biochemical analyses and disease incidence of onion culture would be required.
Determinants of smallholder farmers’ decision to invest and to intensify investment in seed potato production in south western Uganda
Authors: Nabasumba Sylvia , Najjingo Margaret M. , Mugisha Johnny , Pali Pamela N. , Kyazze Florence B. , Isubikalu Prossy
Published: December 2024

Whereas several national and international efforts to increase seed potato production have been promoted in Uganda in the last decade, few farmers are participating in seed potato production despite the higher return on investment in seed potato production. Existing studies relate farmers' low investment to economic reasoning and as such limited empirical evidence exists on the importance of socio-psychological factors in influencing potato farmers’ decisions and level of investment in seed potato production. This paper utilizes data from a cross-sectional study of 227 randomly selected potato farmers drawn from the Kabale and Kanungu districts of southwestern Uganda, to analyse the empirical determinants of farmers’ decision to invest and their level of investment in seed potato production. The findings reveal that only 44% had invested in seed potato production. Further, the results revealed that institutional factors largely influenced farmers’ decision to invest while socio–economic factors significantly influenced farmers’ level of investment level in seed potato production. Similarly, psychological factors affected both the decision and level of investment in seed potato production. We conclude that investing in seed potato production is an individual farmer’s encounter enhanced by a supportive cognitive environment accompanied by soft and hard production assets affluence. So, promotion programs and policies on seed potato production should focus on enrolling resource-able farmers and enhancing their capacity through training via peer learning strategies. This study contributes to the body of knowledge by incorporating psychological factors in modelling farmers’ decisions and level of investment in seed potato production. Thus, the study recommends the utility of socio-psychological theories in studies investigating investment behaviour in the context of the smallholder farmer to be intensified.
Awareness of farmers regarding extension services in Afghanistan
Authors: Khan Mukaram , Aslam Sadia , Qayyum Aminah , Luqman Muhammad , Usman Muhammad , Shaheen Najma , Manzoor Adeela , Nawaz Naima
Published: December 2024

Agriculture is deemed important in Afghanistan especially to achieve food security. The agricultural extension department is destined to assist farmers by making them aware of the new technologies and ways of improving crop production. This study was conducted to explore the awareness level of farmers about the different services rendered by the extension field staff. A total of 150 randomly selected farmers were interviewed on a validated and reliable interview schedule face to face. Collected data were analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS). Results confirmed that Farmers had a high level of awareness about the promotion of Good Agricultural Practices and the cultivation of alternate crops. Whereas, awareness regarding water-saving methods, high-value crops, irrigation practices and climate challenges was medium. This study opined that farmers need more awareness about climate change and adaptation measures followed by the use of ICT-based gadgets to access desired information. Therefore, the integration of ICTs in communication channels used by extension staff is suggested to disseminate the desired information on a large scale.
Estimation of wheat harvesting losses under different harvesting methods in Punjba province of Pakistan
Authors: Younas Muhammad , Qamar Wardah , Hassan Usman , Khalid Laila , Chaudhary Muhammad T. , Hassan Ishtiaq , Ali Majid
Published: December 2024

The present study was carried out across four distinct agroecological zones within the Punjab province to assess the extent of wheat harvesting using various methods and to calculate the associated losses during harvesting and threshing. Data were collected by visiting wheat fields where three different harvesting methods were employed, and interviews were conducted with the farmers. The findings revealed that 63.2% of the wheat crop was harvested using combine harvesters, followed by reaper harvesting at 21.7%, and manual harvesting at 15%. The highest losses during both harvesting and threshing were observed with the combined harvesting method (8.75%), followed by reaper harvesting (7.18%), and manual harvesting (3.18%). The study's results underscore the importance of providing training to combine harvester owners and operators to mitigate these losses. Despite the significant losses associated with combined harvesting, it remains the most cost-effective method for wheat harvesting, covering 63.2% of the wheat-growing area in Punjab Province, primarily due to its speed and efficiency.
An assessment of production issues of oilseed crops in Sindh province of Pakistan
Authors: Khan Muhammad A. , Khooharo Aijaz A. , Kumbhar Muhammad I. , Buriro Riaz A.
Published: December 2024

Pakistan is the third-largest importer of edible oil in the world after petroleum and machinery. Only 14% of the necessary oil is produced domestically in Pakistan, which is insufficient to meet the country's rising need for edible oils. A study was carried out with 300 farmers to examine the production of oilseed crops and their marketing challenges in Sindh province. According to the report, the oilseed crops grown by the respondents were mustard and sunflower, with mustard being more popular. The cultivated land was 41.82 acres larger than the average farm size of 46.76 acres, indicating a high cropping intensity. The average yields of oilseed crops were, however, lower than those of other crops, and farmers were especially concerned about the prices of oilseed crops. Based on the survey results, suggestions were made to increase the profitability of oilseed crops for farmers, including the provision of reasonably priced hybrid seeds, advancements in production technology, greater rates of output, the introduction of oilseed crop support pricing, and better water management. Additionally, it was advised to target coastal farmers for non-traditional oilseed crops, supply inputs for growing on uncultivated lands, and identify cropping zones for oilseed production.
Climate-Resilient Forest Economics: Adapting Tree Species Rotation for Changing Times
Authors: Hashmi Muhammad G. U. , Fatima Sidra , Zia Mubasher , Azmat Muhammad , Shabbir Ahsan , Yousaf Waqas , Aslam Fidaa , Abid Bushra , Qurban Aqsa , Zafar Imran
Published: December 2024

The economic implications of rotation periods in tree plantation ventures are often underestimated. This study aims to determine the most financially rewarding rotation cycles for three tree species—Vachellia nilotica, Populus deltoides, and Dalbergia sissoo—in diverse tehsils of District Jhang, Pakistan, employing various economic assessment tools. Data were gathered on the quantities of the selected tree species, along with associated costs and benefits. Tree valuations beyond five years were determined by local farmers. Net present worth (NPW) and benefit-cost ratio (BCR) were used as economic indicators to identify optimal rotation cycles. The most favorable rotation cycle for V. nilotica was found to be six years, yielding a NPW of Rs. 1768.1 and a BCR of 222.01. Similarly, P. deltoides exhibited optimal economic outcomes within a six-year rotation, with a NPW of Rs. 1356.8 and a BCR of 170.61. For D. sissoo, the ideal rotation was also six years, resulting in a NPW of Rs. 2191.2 and an impressive BCR of 274.91 (equivalent to 273.91%). This study concludes that a six-year rotation cycle is recommended for cultivating V. nilotica, P. deltoides, and D. sissoo, to maximize economic returns. These findings suggest the viability of these species for neighboring regions and districts, underlining their potential for sustainable growth and substantial economic benefits.
Effects of remittances on household food insecurity in Pakistan
Authors: Ahmad Aftab , Shair Waqas , Tayyab Muhammad , Hassan Rizwan ul
Published: December 2024

This study examines the effect of remittances on household food insecurity in Pakistan. The household food insecurity measures using the food insecurity experience scale survey module (FIES-SM), consisting of eight yes/no questions about people’s access to adequate food. The study uses a sample of 24,809 households from the Pakistan Social and Living Standards Measurements (PSLM) (2018-19) for empirical results. The research applies the Ordered Logit model to estimate the impact of remittances and other covariates on food insecurity. The study’s findings show that the proportion of food insecurity in the remittance-receiving household is less than in non-receiving households. The remittance-receiving household has less probability of severe, moderate, and mild food insecurity than non-receiving households. Moreover, the study’s findings suggest that increased remittances lower the probability of severe, moderate, and mild food insecurity. The effect of remittances is more prominent in mild food-insecure households than in severe and moderate ones. The study makes some relevant recommendations based on the study’s findings to combat food insecurity in Pakistan.