bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Southern California Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation Consortium During the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic
Authors: Odish Mazen , Yi Cassia , Eigner Juliann , Kenner Brininger Amelia , Koenig Kristi L. , Willms David , Lerum Suzan , McCaul Scott , Boyd King Ayana , Sutherland George , Cederquist Lynette , Owens Robert L. , Pollema Travis
Published: June 2021

In March 2020, at the onset of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic in the United States, the Southern California Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation (ECMO) Consortium was formed. The consortium included physicians and coordinators from the 4 ECMO centers in San Diego County. Guidelines were created to ensure that ECMO was delivered equitably and in a resource effective manner across the county during the pandemic. A biomedical ethicist reviewed the guidelines to ensure ECMO use would provide maximal community benefit of this limited resource. The San Diego County Health and Human Services Agency further incorporated the guidelines into its plans for the allocation of scarce resources. The consortium held weekly video conferences to review countywide ECMO capacity (including census and staffing), share data, and discuss clinical practices and difficult cases. Equipment exchanges between ECMO centers maximized regional capacity. From March 1 to November 30, 2020, consortium participants placed 97 patients on ECMO. No eligible patients were denied ECMO due to lack of resources or capacity. The Southern California ECMO Consortium may serve as a model for other communities seeking to optimize ECMO resources during the current COVID-19 or future pandemics.
Faster Taylor bubbles
Authors: Zhou Guangzhao , Prosperetti Andrea
Published: June 2021

Gas volumes with an equivalent spherical diameter greater than that of the tube in which they rise by buoyancy – so-called Taylor bubbles – assume a characteristic bullet shape and ascend with a velocity that is dependent primarily on the tube diameter, and also on the physical properties of the liquid, but, remarkably, is mostly independent of the gas volume. The requirement of liquid volume conservation suggests a plausible explanation of this paradoxical feature in that the space vacated under the rising bubble must be replenished by the liquid film falling along the bubble surface. It is demonstrated by numerical means that, by limiting the bubble diameter, a cylindrical ‘cage’ of thin vertical rods coaxial with the tube permits the flow rate of this film to increase, with the result that the bubble is able to ascend with a significantly higher velocity than in an empty tube with the same diameter.
Stolen Skin and Children Thrown: Governing sex and abortion in early modern South Asia
Authors: CHERIAN DIVYA
Published: June 2021

What did women's bodies in pre-colonial South Asia have to do with the birth of capitalism? South Asia's pre-colonial integration into a globally emerging, early modern capitalist order reached deep into the hinterland to transform both state and society in eighteenth-century Marwar. Driving the change was an emergent elite, consisting largely of merchants, that channelled its energies towards reshaping caste. Merchants, in alliance with Brahmans, used their influence upon the state to adjudicate the boundary between the ‘illicit’ and the ‘licit,’ generating in the process a typology and an archive of deviant sex. In the legal framework that generated this archive, women were configured as passive recipients of sexual acts, lacking sexual personhood in law. Even as they escaped legal culpability for ‘illicit’ sex, women experienced, through this body of judgments, a strengthening of male proprietary controls over their bodies. Alongside, the criminalization of abortion served as a means of sexual disciplining. These findings suggest that post-Mughal, pre-colonial state formation in South Asia intersected with global economic transformations to generate new sex-caste orders and archival bodies.
Anatolian-Persian grave stelae from Bozüyük in Phrygia: a contribution to understanding Persian presence and organisation in the region
Authors: Erpehlivan Hüseyin
Published: June 2021

This paper provides an assessment of four grave stelae that were found recently in the area surrounding Bozüyük, on the Anatolian plateau in the south of the Bilecik province. The plateau was part of the core of the kingdom of Phrygia during the Early and Middle Iron Ages, and part of the satrapy of Phrygia during the Achaemenid period of the Late Iron Age in Anatolia. The main focus is to examine the place of such stelae among Anatolian-Persian examples and to explore elements of Persian presence and organisation in the region. The precise archaeological contexts of these stelae are unknown, but are likely to have been tumuli. They are examples of an Anatolian-Persian style from the Achaemenid period, but can also be considered to be part of a somewhat rustic 'rural' sub-style, compared with more elaborate stelae that have been found around Dascylium, the satrapal capital of Hellespontine Phrygia. The Bozüyük stelae feature banquet, hunting and ritual scenes, and also battle scenes that distinguish them from other Anatolian-Persian stelae. Despite similarities, particularly with the Vezirhan stele, there are also discrepancies that make precise analogies with reliefs on other stelae difficult, though not impossible. It is likely that they were created by a connected group of sculptors, and might therefore be evidence of a workshop that sculpted local materials in a unique rural style.
The rock inscriptions, graffiti and crosses from Quarry GO3C at Göktepe, Muğla district (Turkey)
Authors: Nowakowski Paweł , Wielgosz-Rondolino Dagmara
Published: June 2021

This paper discusses some of the results of a geo-archaeological survey conducted in 2014 in the marble quarries at Göktepe near Muğla (the ancient region of Caria). During the survey we examined a dossier of both already known and newly recorded rock inscriptions and textual and pictorial graffiti (prominently including crosses) from District 3, Quarry C (= Quarry GO3C). Here, we aim to explore the contents and spatial contexts of these texts and images, and consider them in relation to the pottery finds and literary sources, in order to throw new light on the history of the quarry. The texts and images suggest that at some point the site was abandoned as a quarry and, probably already in late antiquity, resettled by hermits.
AGE/RAGE/DIAPH1 axis is associated with immunometabolic markers and risk of insulin resistance in subcutaneous but not omental adipose tissue in human obesity
Authors: Ruiz Henry H. , Nguyen Anh , Wang Chan , He Linchen , Li Huilin , Hallowell Peter , McNamara Coleen , Schmidt Ann Marie
Published: June 2021

Background/objectives

The incidence of obesity continues to increase worldwide and while the underlying pathogenesis remains largely unknown, nutrient excess, manifested by “Westernization” of the diet and reduced physical activity have been proposed as key contributing factors. Western-style diets, in addition to higher caloric load, are characterized by excess of advanced glycation end products (AGEs), which have been linked to the pathophysiology of obesity and related cardiometabolic disorders. AGEs can be “trapped” in adipose tissue, even in the absence of diabetes, in part due to higher expression of the receptor for AGEs (RAGE) and/or decreased detoxification by the endogenous glyoxalase (GLO) system, where they may promote insulin resistance. It is unknown whether the expression levels of genes linked to the RAGE axis, includingAGER(the gene encoding RAGE), Diaphanous 1 (DIAPH1), the cytoplasmic domain binding partner of RAGE that contributes to RAGE signaling, andGLO1are differentially regulated by the degree of obesity and/or how these relate to inflammatory and adipocyte markers and their metabolic consequences.

Subjects/methods

We sought to answer this question by analyzing gene expression patterns of markers of the AGE/RAGE/DIAPH1 signaling axis in abdominal subcutaneous (SAT) and omental (OAT) adipose tissue from obese and morbidly obese subjects.

Results

In SAT, but not OAT, expression ofAGERwas significantly correlated with that ofDIAPH1(n = 16;$$\hat \beta = 0.719$$β̂=0.719, [0.260, 1.177];q = 0.008) andGLO1(n = 16;$$\hat \beta = 0.773$$β̂=0.773, [0.364, 1.182];q = 0.004). Furthermore, in SAT, but not OAT, regression analyses revealed that the expression pattern of genes in the AGE/RAGE/DIAPH1 axis is strongly and positively associated with that of inflammatory and adipogenic markers. Remarkably, particularly in SAT, not OAT, the expression ofAGERpositively and significantly correlated with HOMA-IR (n = 14;$$\hat \beta = 0.794$$β̂=0.794, [0.338, 1.249];q = 0.018).

Conclusions

These observations suggest associations of the AGE/RAGE/DIAPH1 axis in the immunometabolic pathophysiology of obesity and insulin resistance, driven, at least in part, through expression and activity of this axis in SAT.
Ultrafast heating to boost the electrocatalytic activity of iridium towards oxygen evolution reaction
Authors: Deng Bohan , Long Yuanzheng , Yang Cheng , Du Peng , Wang Ruyue , Huang Kai , Wu Hui
Published: June 2021

A novel ultrafast heating strategy was highly effective to boost the OER activity of Iridium.
From high quality packing to disordered nucleation or phase separation in donor/acceptor interfaces: ClAlPc-C60 on Au(111)
Authors: Barrena Esther , Palacios-Rivera Rogger , Martínez José I. , Ocal Carmen
Published: June 2021

We discuss how and why the dipole orientation in ordered arrays of ClAlPc on Au(111) affect competing factors responsible of the ulterior adsorption and growth of C60.
Stimuli-responsive polydopamine-based smart materials
Authors: Yang Peng , Zhu Fang , Zhang Zhengbiao , Cheng Yiyun , Wang Zhao , Li Yiwen
Published: June 2021

This review provides in-depth insight into the structural engineering of PDA-based materials to enhance their responsive feature and the use of them in construction of PDA-based stimuli-responsive smart materials.
A new discovery of STAT4 single nucleotide polymorphisms associated with hepatocellular carcinoma risk in Chinese Han population: a case–control study
Authors: Chao Xu , Wu Jieqiong , Zhang Wei , Feng Xuesong , Zhao Luyan , Huang Feng , Jiang Chao
Published: June 2021

Background: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a common fatal malignant tumor worldwide. Signal transducer and activator of transcription 4 (STAT4) is HCC susceptibility gene identified by genome-wide association study. The purpose of the present study was to determine the association between four candidate single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in STAT4 genes and HCC risk in Chinese Han population.

Methods: A case–control study was conducted to assess the association between STAT4 SNPs and HCC risk in 1011 Chinese Han population. Agena MassARRAY was used to genotype SNPs. The association between SNPs and HCC susceptibility under different genetic models was evaluated by logistic regression analysis. Multifactorial dimension reduction (MDR) analyzed the interaction of ‘SNP–SNP’ in HCC risk. The difference of clinical characteristics between different genotypes was completed by ANOVA.

Results: The results showed that STAT4 rs11889341 was significantly associated with HCC risk under multiple genetic models (homozygote: odds ratio (OR) = 0.60, P=0.033; recessive: OR = 0.63, P=0.028; log-additive: OR = 0.83, P=0.032). The results of subgroup analysis showed that STAT4 rs11889341 is significantly associated with HCC risk with participants who were >55 years, male or smoking. Both STAT4 rs7574865 and rs10174238 were significantly associated with HCC risk among participants who were >55 years, smoking or drinking. STAT4 haplotype (Trs11889341Trs7574865) could reduce the risk of HCC. In addition, rs11889341 and rs7574865 were significantly associated with the level of serum ferritin (SF).

Conclusion: STAT4 rs11889341, rs7574865 or rs10174238 is potentially associated with HCC risk in Chinese Han population. In particular, rs11889341 showed outstanding association with HCC risk.
Prototyping of microbial chassis for the biomanufacturing of high-value chemical targets
Authors: Robinson Christopher J. , Tellechea-Luzardo Jonathan , Carbonell Pablo , Jervis Adrian J. , Yan Cunyu , Hollywood Katherine A. , Dunstan Mark S. , Currin Andrew , Takano Eriko , Scrutton Nigel S.
Published: June 2021

Metabolic engineering technologies have been employed with increasing success over the last three decades for the engineering and optimization of industrial host strains to competitively produce high-value chemical targets. To this end, continued reductions in the time taken from concept, to development, to scale-up are essential. Design–Build–Test–Learn pipelines that are able to rapidly deliver diverse chemical targets through iterative optimization of microbial production strains have been established. Biofoundries are employing in silico tools for the design of genetic parts, alongside combinatorial design of experiments approaches to optimize selection from within the potential design space of biological circuits based on multi-criteria objectives. These genetic constructs can then be built and tested through automated laboratory workflows, with performance data analysed in the learn phase to inform further design. Successful examples of rapid prototyping processes for microbially produced compounds reveal the potential role of biofoundries in leading the sustainable production of next-generation bio-based chemicals.
Roles for growth factors and mutations in metastatic dissemination
Authors: Nataraj Nishanth Belugali , Marrocco Ilaria , Yarden Yosef
Published: June 2021

Cancer is initiated largely by specific cohorts of genetic aberrations, which are generated by mutagens and often mimic active growth factor receptors, or downstream effectors. Once initiated cells outgrow and attract blood vessels, a multi-step process, called metastasis, disseminates cancer cells primarily through vascular routes. The major steps of the metastatic cascade comprise intravasation into blood vessels, circulation as single or collectives of cells, and eventual colonization of distant organs. Herein, we consider metastasis as a multi-step process that seized principles and molecular players employed by physiological processes, such as tissue regeneration and migration of neural crest progenitors. Our discussion contrasts the irreversible nature of mutagenesis, which establishes primary tumors, and the reversible epigenetic processes (e.g. epithelial–mesenchymal transition) underlying the establishment of micro-metastases and secondary tumors. Interestingly, analyses of sequencing data from untreated metastases inferred depletion of putative driver mutations among metastases, in line with the pivotal role played by growth factors and epigenetic processes in metastasis. Conceivably, driver mutations may not confer the same advantage in the microenvironment of the primary tumor and of the colonization site, hence phenotypic plasticity rather than rigid cellular states hardwired by mutations becomes advantageous during metastasis. We review the latest reported examples of growth factors harnessed by the metastatic cascade, with the goal of identifying opportunities for anti-metastasis interventions. In summary, because the overwhelming majority of cancer-associated deaths are caused by metastatic disease, understanding the complexity of metastasis, especially the roles played by growth factors, is vital for preventing, diagnosing and treating metastasis.
Progress in the therapeutic inhibition of Cdc42 signalling
Authors: Murphy Natasha P. , Mott Helen R. , Owen Darerca
Published: June 2021

Cdc42 is a member of the Rho family of small GTPases and a key regulator of the actin cytoskeleton, controlling cell motility, polarity and cell cycle progression. It signals downstream of the master regulator Ras and is essential for cell transformation by this potent oncogene. Overexpression of Cdc42 is observed in several cancers, where it is linked to poor prognosis. As a regulator of both cell architecture and motility, deregulation of Cdc42 is also linked to tumour metastasis. Like Ras, Cdc42 and other components of the signalling pathways it controls represent important potential targets for cancer therapeutics. In this review, we consider the progress that has been made targeting Cdc42, its regulators and effectors, including new modalities and new approaches to inhibition. Strategies under consideration include inhibition of lipid modification, modulation of Cdc42–GEF, Cdc42–GDI and Cdc42-effector interactions, and direct inhibition of downstream effectors.
Revision Rhinoplasty: With Introduction of a Novel Preoperative Assessment Classification System
Authors: Jiang Austin , Chamata Edward S. , Bressler Fred J.
Published: June 2021

Revision rhinoplasty presents several complex surgical challenges. Proper patient selection for revision rhinoplasty, along with thorough preoperative examination and surgical planning, is key to achieving ideal outcomes. Along with achieving a high level of understanding of primary rhinoplasty techniques, surgeons performing revision rhinoplasty must understand and diagnose deformities created by the primary surgery. A systematic approach to diagnosing rhinoplasty deformities assists in forming a suitable surgical plan. A classification system based on nasal analysis, described here, may be used to differentiate the degree of difficulty of the surgery as well as assist in surgical planning. Surgeons have a multitude of options available in their armamentarium for addressing common nasal deformities encountered during revisional surgery, and a stepwise surgical approach may facilitate the creation of an optimal aesthetic and functional result.
Exact results on Poisson noise, Poisson flights, and Poisson fluctuations
Authors: Cáceres Manuel O.
Published: June 2021

We study non-Markovian stochastic differential equations with additive noise characterized by a Poisson point process with arbitrary pulse shapes and exponentially distributed intensities. Specifically, analytic results concerning transitions between different correlation regimes and the long-time asymptotic probability distribution functions are shown to be controlled by the shape of the pulses and dissipative parameter as time progresses. This program is motivated by the study of stochastic partial differential equations perturbed by space Poisson disorder and becomes the main focus of applications of the present exact functional approach.
Evolution of stratification instability seeded by resistive inclusions in electrically exploding wires
Authors: Wang Kun , Zhao Jiancai , Fu Guiling , Shi Zongqian
Published: June 2021

Numerical investigation on the evolution of stratification instability seeded by resistive inclusions in electrically exploding aluminum wires is reported. The resistive inclusions at the submicrometer scale create hot spots with enhanced Joule heating during the first phase of electrical explosion in the wires, amplifying the peripheral current density. The temperature rise of a hot spot first increases and then decreases with resistivity. The hot spot reaches its maximum temperature rise at 70-times the aluminum resistivity. Exploding products ejected from localized hot spots pile up on both sides of the seeding regions. Perturbations in the front edge of the dense core emerge after several tens of nanoseconds. Bright stripes are formed inside out, providing a possible explanation for the absence of stratified structures at the very beginning of discharge. A numerical shadowgram is reconstructed using a flow visualization technique. The matching of the numerical shadowgram and experimental shadowgram indicates that the resistive inclusions characterized by increased resistivity comprise an important seed in stratification instability. This study helps in understanding the seeding mechanism of electrothermal instability in pulsed-power-driven plasma systems.
Utilization of machine learning to accelerate colloidal synthesis and discovery
Authors: Fong Anthony Y. , Pellouchoud Lenson , Davidson Malcolm , Walroth Richard C. , Church Carena , Tcareva Ekaterina , Wu Liheng , Peterson Kyle , Meredig Bryce , Tassone Christopher J.
Published: June 2021

Machine learning techniques are seeing increased usage for predicting new materials with targeted properties. However, widespread adoption of these techniques is hindered by the relatively greater experimental efforts required to test the predictions. Furthermore, because failed synthesis pathways are rarely communicated, it is difficult to find prior datasets that are sufficient for modeling. This work presents a closed-loop machine learning-based strategy for colloidal synthesis of nanoparticles, assuming no prior knowledge of the synthetic process, in order to show that synthetic discovery can be accelerated despite limited data availability.
The optimized memristor performance by utilizing the constrained domain wall motion in Pt/Co–Tb/Ta structure
Authors: Zhang Bo , Wu Yunzhuo , Zeng Xiaoxue , Guo Yonghai , Wang Bo , Cao Jiangwei
Published: June 2021

Spintronic devices can realize multilevel state storage and mimic the properties of the synapse, which enables their potential application in the field of artificial neural networks. In this paper, we demonstrate the existence of a large intermediate transition zone in current-induced magnetization switching curves of Pt/Co–Tb/Ta structures, and the number of states in the transition zone that can be manipulated by changing the Co content. The magneto-optical Kerr microscope imaging indicates that this property is related to the constrained domain wall motion in the Co–Tb films with large Co content. We also demonstrate the multilevel state storage properties of the sample by applying a sequence of current pulses. The synaptic plasticity behaviors were mimicked in these samples through regulating the value of Hall resistance by current pulses. The constrained domain wall motion supplies a simple but effective way to achieve multilevel state storage and show potential applications in neuromorphic computing.
Efficient Fourier space quantum dot k ⋅ p for wurtzite systems including smooth alloy profile and spatially varying elastic and dielectric constants
Authors: Robichaud Luc , Krich Jacob J.
Published: June 2021

We present methods to calculate the electronic structure of wurtzite quantum dot systems with continuous alloy profiles within Fourier-space-based k⋅p theory. We incorporate spatially varying elastic and dielectric constants in strain and piezoelectric potential calculations. A method to incorporate smooth alloy profiles in all aspects of the calculations is presented. We demonstrate our methodology for the case of a 1-dimensional InGaN quantum dot array and show the importance of including these spatially varying parameters in the modeling of devices. We demonstrate that the convergence of the lowest bound state energies is for good approximation determined by the largest wave vector used in constructing the states. We also present a novel approach of coupling strain into the k⋅p Hamiltonian, greatly reducing the computational cost of generating the Hamiltonian.
Magnetodielectric effect in an organic-inorganic hybrid layered perovskite (CH3NH3)2MnCl4 with canted antiferromagnetism
Authors: Kim Y. H. , Hur N.
Published: June 2021

Herein, we report the magnetodielectric effect in a single crystal of (CH3NH3)2MnCl4, an organic–inorganic hybrid layered perovskite having a composition of A2MX4 (A = organic anion, M = metal divalent ion, X = halogen cation). Magnetic property measurements reveal that a magnetic phase transition to antiferromagnetism appears at 47 K and a spin-flop transition occurs at 3.5 T in the magnetization (M) curve. We observed a considerable maximum magnetodielectric (MD) effect of 0.4% at 8 K. Furthermore, it was found that the MD effect is proportional to M2 in low magnetic fields and the MD effect starts to saturate at the spin-flop transition field. We proposed a magnetic structure model to explain the mechanism of the peculiar step-like MD effect induced by the spin reorientation.
Significance of near-wall dynamics in enhancement of heat flux for roughness aided turbulent Rayleigh–Bénard convection
Authors: Chand Krishan , Sharma Mukesh , De Arnab Kr.
Published: June 2021

We report a numerical investigation of the effect of multiscale roughness on heat flux (Nu) and near-wall dynamics in turbulent Rayleigh–Bénard convection of air in a cell of aspect ratio 2 in the Rayleigh number (Ra) range 106≤Ra≤4.64×109. We observe that despite the same wetted area, taller roughness yields higher heat flux owing to a multiple roll state. Based on the number of roughness peaks penetrating the thermal boundary layer, three regimes are identified. In regime I, heat flux drops marginally as only 50% of the peaks emerge uncovered, followed by a nearly unaltered Nu in regime II. A sudden increase in Nu in regime III is noted with more than 65% penetrating peaks. In contrast to the previous observation, heat flux continues to increase even when all the peaks exceed the boundary layer. Transformation of two large-scale rolls into smaller multiple rolls favors better access to the trapped fluid in the roughness throat leading to greater mixing. A significant improvement in the mixing of fluid inside the cavities is found due to the cascade of secondary vortices, which is connected to the improved heat flux in the tallest roughness setup. A thin thermal boundary layer that envelopes the rough surface at higher Ra supports the enhanced inter-mixing of fluid inside the cavities. Greater perturbation of the thermal boundary layer for the smaller roughness setup shows consistent connection with the enhanced Nu(Ra) scaling.
Language extinction triggers the loss of unique medicinal knowledge
Authors: Cámara-Leret Rodrigo , Bascompte Jordi
Published: June 2021

Significance

The United Nations proclamation of 2022–2032 as the International Decade of Indigenous Languages aims to raise global awareness about their endangerment and importance for sustainable development. Indigenous languages contain the knowledge that communities have about their surrounding plants and the services they provide. The use of plants in medicine is a particularly relevant example of such ecosystem services. Here, we find that most medicinal knowledge is linguistically unique—i.e., known by a single language—and more strongly associated with threatened languages than with threatened plants. Each indigenous language is therefore a unique reservoir of medicinal knowledge—a Rosetta stone for unraveling and conserving nature’s contributions to people.
Early life stress is associated with earlier emergence of permanent molars
Authors: McDermott Cassidy L. , Hilton Katherine , Park Anne T. , Tooley Ursula A. , Boroshok Austin L. , Mupparapu Muralidhar , Scott JoAnna M. , Bumann Erin E. , Mackey Allyson P.
Published: June 2021

Exposure to adversity can accelerate biological aging. However, existing biomarkers of early aging are either costly and difficult to collect, like epigenetic signatures, or cannot be detected until late childhood, like pubertal onset. We evaluated the hypothesis that early adversity is associated with earlier molar eruption, an easily assessed measure that has been used to track the length of childhood across primates. In a preregistered analysis (
n
= 117, ages 4 to 7 y), we demonstrate that lower family income and exposure to adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are significantly associated with earlier eruption of the first permanent molars, as rated in T2-weighted magnetic resonance images (MRI). We replicate relationships between income and molar eruption in a population-representative dataset (National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey;
n
= 1,973). These findings suggest that the impact of stress on the pace of biological development is evident in early childhood, and detectable in the timing of molar eruption.
Treacle and TOPBP1 control replication stress response in the nucleolus
Authors: Velichko Artem K. , Ovsyannikova Natalia , Petrova Nadezhda V. , Luzhin Artem V. , Vorobjeva Maria , Gavrikov Alexey S. , Mishin Alexander S. , Kireev Igor I. , Razin Sergey V. , Kantidze Omar L.
Published: June 2021

Replication stress is one of the main sources of genome instability. Although the replication stress response in eukaryotic cells has been extensively studied, almost nothing is known about the replication stress response in nucleoli. Here, we demonstrate that initial replication stress–response factors, such as RPA, TOPBP1, and ATR, are recruited inside the nucleolus in response to drug-induced replication stress. The role of TOPBP1 goes beyond the typical replication stress response; it interacts with the low-complexity nucleolar protein Treacle (also referred to as TCOF1) and forms large Treacle–TOPBP1 foci inside the nucleolus. In response to replication stress, Treacle and TOPBP1 facilitate ATR signaling at stalled replication forks, reinforce ATR-mediated checkpoint activation inside the nucleolus, and promote the recruitment of downstream replication stress response proteins inside the nucleolus without forming nucleolar caps. Characterization of the Treacle–TOPBP1 interaction mode leads us to propose that these factors can form a molecular platform for efficient stress response in the nucleolus.
Effect of recycled course aggregate from concrete debris on the strength of concrete
Authors: Lesovik V S , Lesovik R V , Albo Ali W S
Published: June 2021

The paper investigates the fresh and hardened mechanical properties of a concrete mix produced with partial or full substitution of natural aggregates with recycled aggregates from demolition works and crushed tested cubes concrete from laboratory. Recycled aggregate concrete (RAC) is the concrete that has been made from waste materials recycled as coarse and/or fine aggregate. One of the waste materials is the concrete that is taken from demolished buildings in Iraq due to military operations on 2014 and the other is crushed tested concrete cubes from laboratory. Choosing crushed concrete wastes from demolition works and crushed test cubes concrete from laboratory as source of recycling would result in reusing portion of the waste products of the concrete production industry. This study presents an experimental study on the performance of concrete that contains recycled coarse aggregate. The replacement percentages of natural coarse aggregate with the recycled coarse aggregate are (0, 33.3, 66.7 and 100) %. Moreover, silica fume was used as an admixture for all recycled aggregate concretes. Compressive and indirect tensile strength were studied for all of the reference and recycled aggregate concretes at (28) days age, by testing concrete cubes and cylinders specimens respectively. The results showed that the compressive strength and splitting tensile strength decreased for recycled waste concretes taken from demolished buildings and increased for recycled crushed tested cubes concretes from laboratory as compared to the reference concrete. When the silica fume was added, the compressive strength and tensile strength increased for all recycled aggregate concretes compared to those without the silica fume.
Method for controlling reaction mass parameters during the synthesis of alkyd resins
Authors: Dubovik N S , Matyas D S , Dubovik S A , Lyubushkin R A
Published: June 2021

Synthesis of alkyd resins is one of the most common technological processes for deep processing of vegetable oils. In Russia, about 700 thousand tons of alkyd resins are produced per year; so much attention is paid to improving the production process of alkyd resins. Production of synthesis of alkyd resins can be classified as fire and explosive hazardous. One of the main reasons for the high level of accidents in the synthesis of alkyd lacquers and resins is the lack of digitalization of control and management of synthesis. This paper discusses the possibility of using changes in the electrical properties of the reaction mass to control the flow of a chemical synthesis reaction. The principal difference between the proposed approach is that it is proposed to use measurements of DC values directly in the technological process. Studies have shown that it is more promising to use the analysis of the values of the complex resistance module of the reaction mass for the purposes of synthesis control. The advantage of this solution is that the method is more informative, as observations are made in a two-dimensional space of complex values rather than in a one-dimensional one. When using high-frequency alternating current, the module and phase of the complex resistance of the reaction mass are controlled, as well as a number of other parameters (leakage current, q-factor, etc.)
Promising methods of ice control of air heat pump evaporators
Authors: Orlov P A , Il`ina T N , Orlov K P
Published: June 2021

Heat pumps are used as alternative equipment in the arrangement of hot water treatment and heating of buildings and premises. The principle of the device and functioning of heat pumps, the processes that take place during the removal of low-potential heat are described. The features of the operation of air heat pumps at subzero temperatures are disclosed. The reasons for the low transformation coefficient of air heat pumps at negative outdoor temperature are considered. This paper describes the main existing methods for ice control of heat exchangers of air heat pumps: the method of the reverse of the refrigerant, bypass method, method of ice control with non-freezing solutions, accumulative method, method of thawing using the electrical warming up evaporator, defrosting with the help of the air flow, their advantages and disadvantages in the process at low temperatures. A promising method for removing ice from heat exchangers using mechanical vibrations is presented. The operating parameters of air heat pumps with different thawing methods are given. It examines their effectiveness when the air temperature is -25°C, a comparison of energy consumption for ice control of the outdoor unit of heat exchanger of air heat pump, presents photos of the process of removing ice from the air evaporator of heat exchanger.
Local exhaust ventilation with reduced energy consumption during bulk materials overloads into receiving cones of coarse crushing plants
Authors: Averkova O A , Golyshev A A , Logachev K I , Uvarov V A
Published: June 2021

An intense dust emissions occur when bulk materials are unloaded by wagons into receiving cones of coarse crushing bodies (CCB). The most reliable, but energy-intensive way to localize dust emissions is the use of local exhaust ventilation systems. For the correct calculation of the performance of the exhaust ventilation system, it is necessary to determine the flow rate of air entrained in bulk material (flow rate of ejected air), which is the main source of dust emission distribution. The volume of air carried away by bulk material is determined based on the use of the classical theory of mechanics of two -component flows. Using the methods of boundary integral equations, a mathematical motion of the air flow in the cavity of the receiving cone of the CCB has been developed. A laboratory model of the CCB receiving cone was created, where the air flow carried away by the bulk material was modelled using a smoky jet flowing out of the supply nozzle. Based on the conducted computational and field experiments, the location of the local ventilation suction and mechanical screens are selected to increase the efficiency of local exhaust ventilation and reduce the energy consumption of the aspiration system.
Quantum chemical study of 5,5-dimethyl-1,3-dioxane isomerization to 2,2-dimethyl-3-methoxypropanal, - the general reaction scheme
Authors: Kurilova E I , Kantor E A
Published: June 2021

The results of quantum chemical simulation by B3PW91 method in the 6-31G(d,p) basis for formation of 2,2-dimethyl-3-methoxypropanal from 5,5- dimethyl- 1,3- dioxane in the presence of proton are given. The proposed reaction scheme involves protonation of the parent molecule - formation of the oxonium ion, breaking of C-0 bond with receipt of alkoxycarbenium ion, rearrangement of the alkoxycarbenium ion by two successive 1,3-displacement or 1,5 displacement of positive charge, deprotonation of the oxycarbenium ion with formation of the reaction product. Data on the structure and energy characteristics of molecular products, ions, and transition states are obtained not only for the states characterized minimum Gibbs energy (G298, δG298, δG#
298), but also for possible conformers and transitions between them. Based on the calculations, an energy diagram is drawn up in accordance with the general reaction scheme.

Comparison of the estimated activation barriers (δG#
298) for implementation of the reaction in two stages (1,3-migrations) and one-stage 1,5-migration showed that they are comparable in size, the difference is about 2 kcal/mol. Since conversion of 5,5- dimethyl- 1,3- dioxane to 2,2-dimethyl-3-methoxypropanal is an endothermal reaction with heat absorption of 3.4 kcal/mol, it can be assumed that in real conditions transformation of ions as per the reaction coordinate will include both two-stage and one-stage conversion of alkoxycarbenium ion to the oxycarbenium ion.
Verification method of strength of refractory slings for positioning and holding after exposure to a heated metal rod
Authors: Prostakishin D A , Antonova V A , Gadzhiev R S , Ya Barvina A
Published: June 2021

In the introduction of this work, three types of safety systems are considered when working at height. Hazardous factors have been identified that affect the safety of the user, depending on the components of the safety systems and their resistance to high temperatures. The purpose of this work is to improve safety in hazardous sectors of industry, construction and other types of work where increased protection of PPE components from sources of elevated temperatures is required, when working with gas and electric welding, as well as the resistance of materials to sparks from mechanical power tools. In the main part of the article, a new test methodology for refractory slings for positioning and holding was introduced, tests were carried out and the method was adjusted. The experience of the fire sector was borrowed, and in particular, the method in clause 9.8 from GOST R 53268-2009 Firefighting equipment was transferred and adapted. Fire rescue belts General technical requirements. Test methods”. The conclusions of adaptation and application of this method to other components of personal protective equipment are made.
Prospects for the use of nanofluids in heating systems
Authors: Sheremet E O , Uvarov V A , Nikulin N Y , Dudinskih S V
Published: June 2021

The desire to create new, improved working fluids for heat and mass transfer systems in the industry is gaining momentum. Now more and more researchers are being attracted to analyze the use of nanofluids in heating systems due to their improved thermal and physical properties. Nanofluids are a new type of dispersed fluids that consist of a carrier fluid in the form of which water can act, as well as polymer solutions and organic liquids, and solid particles, which are mainly particles of chemically stable metals and their oxides. The heat transfer characteristics of modern liquids are significantly improved by the addition of nanoscale solid particles with a diameter of less than 100 nm. Such liquids can be considered as promising applications in such areas as solar collectors, heat pipes, nuclear reactors, electronic cooling systems, automobile radiators, etc. The paper (publication) describes nanofluids as new energy-efficient types of working fluids for heat transfer. The most promising developments in the field of creating nanofluids from the point of view of increasing the heat transfer coefficient are presented and analyzed. Further possible promising ways of studying nanofluids are formulated.
Heat treatment of mandrel steel for pipes’ piercing
Authors: Gevorgyan G , Pachurin G , Mukhina M , Kozinov D
Published: June 2021

Seamless pipes are mainly used in the oil, gas and defense industry, what places special demands on its reliability and safety. It is very important to select the steel grade and heat treat the mandrels for flashing and cross rolling of seamless pipes in order to ensure the required operational characteristics. The work is devoted to the substantiation of the choice of 4Kh5MF1S steel and the development of the technological cycle of manufacturing mandrels of increased strength for sheet and transverse-spiral rolling of seamless pipes. The optimal combination of strength and ductility of this steel during heat treatment was established, which includes quenching at 1070 ° C and tempering in the temperature range of 650-700 ° C. Based on the analysis of the structure and mechanical characteristics, an optimal mode of heat treatment of steel 4Kh5MF1S was proposed: quenching from 1070 °C in oil and tempering for 2 hours at the temperature of 650-700 °C, which makes it possible to recommend it for use as a heat-resistant structural material for highly loaded metal products with the yield stress o0.2 from 750 to 1000 MPa.
Verification method of material stability of fire-resistant slings for holding and positioning against an open flame
Authors: Prostakishin D A , Zherdev K V , Gadzhiev R S , Ya Barvina A
Published: June 2021

In the introduction of this work, the problem of the lack of test methods for personal protective equipment against falls from a height (hereinafter PPE), used in the areas associated with direct contact of PPE components with sources of elevated temperatures, is disclosed. The experience of the fire sector was adopted with fire tests for the impact of materials used in the production of PPE products in contact with an open flame. A number of tests were carried out on refractory slings for holding and positioning and the results obtained with a positive approbation of the method. The purpose of this work is to improving overall safety when working at height, to identify weak zones of protection of components of safety systems from various external factors that negatively affect them. Work was carried out and conclusions have been drawn about the application of this method on refractory slings for holding and positioning. One of the important requirements of customers of these slings in production is the resistance of materials of safety systems to the interaction of components in an environment of high temperatures. The conclusion of this work is the relevance of the application of this technique to the PPE sector, in particular to refractory slings for holding and positioning.
Determination of the efficiency of a complex of dust removal systems for industrial enterprises
Authors: Kireev V M , Minko V A , Goltsov A B , Seminenko A S
Published: June 2021

In various industries, there are often technological processes that are characterized by the release of dust into the working area. This dust is the cause of various diseases of the workers of the enterprise. To maintain the required air parameters in terms of the dust factor in industrial premises, it is necessary to use a complex of systems, including an aspiration system, a centralized vacuum dust removal system and general ventilation. Each of the listed systems will fulfill its specific task, but their efficiency and productivity are interrelated. There are numerous works that consider the operation of systems separately, however, the final concentration of dust in the room, in the end, will depend on their simultaneous operation. The article presents a developed method for calculating the efficiency of a complex of dedusting systems, which will allow at the design stage to assess the concentration of dust in the air of industrial premises and, if necessary, make the necessary adjustments.
Remaining Service Life Evaluation of Nuclear Power Plants Construction Steel Elements
Authors: Bausk E A , Volchuk V M , Uzlov O V
Published: June 2021

The paper is devoted to investigation of S235J2 steel quality criteria variation during thirty years’ service life as a part of construction of power-generation unit #1 of Zaporizhia Nuclear Power Plant (NPP). The microstructure of the steel has been evaluated by fractal methods. Fractal size of the steel structure has higher correlation to mechanical properties of the steel compared to microstructure analysis. During service life of the steel YTS ranging 10.01% (24.9 MPa), UTS ranging 9.42% (39.5 MPa), while elongation ranging 43.16% and Reduction of area ranging 39.58%. These values can be explained by strain ageing of the S235J2 steel during service life. It has been stated that fractal size of pearlite and strength have good correspondence (YTS has fractal model correlation coefficient R² = 0.6194, while UTS has R² = 0.8068). The correspondence of ferrite fractal size to ductility has been calculated (Elongation has fractal model correlation coefficient R² = 0.6493 and Reduction of area has R² = 0.5258). Analysis of the S235J2 quality criteria fractal models let the range quality criteria depends on fractal size of the ferrite-pearlite structure of the steel. Experimental results prove the possibility of usage the fractal models for predicting remaining life of the steel constructions at NPP. Therefore, the fractal modelling may be assumed as a promising nondestructive test method for NPP.
Model of the kinetics of aging of paint and varnish coatings of cement concrete
Authors: Loganina V I
Published: June 2021

Information on the kinetics of aging of coatings is presented.The process of moistening was considered as one of the particular cases of aging. During incubation period there is a slight increase, and possibly a decrease in defectiveness. The duration of the incubation period is 0.2 -0.5 of the entire durability.The active stage of damage accumulation begins after the incubation period. In the active stage of accumulation of damages, significant changes occur in the structure and properties of the coating (change in color, shine , cracking, etc.).Determined that the beginning of the active stage of accumulation of lesions coincides in time with the first significant changes in the surface area of the coating. It was found that there is a correlation between the experimental data on the kinetics of damage accumulation, the degree of chalking, and surface area. It lies in the fact that the active stage of damage accumulation coincides with the beginning of chalking of coatings. An analytical dependence is proposed that makes it possible to estimate the area of the defective surface of the coating during aging. The dependence of the level of damage accumulation on the duration of tests can be described by a logistic curve (or Pearl curve)
Analysis of karst protective slab foundations taking into account the features of the base modeling
Authors: Shebunyaev A N , Yudina I M
Published: June 2021

This paper presents a practical application of the improved method for calculating of slab foundations designed in karst rock areas. The method implementation is associated with the application of the updated analytical model taking into account behavior patterns of the ground base in the karst hole zone. The analytical solution obtained in the closed-form in the nonlinear formulation, allowed to obtain two key parameters of the foundation bed in the zone being studied - ? and ????. The dependence to determine the size of the weakening zone around the karst sinkhole area - ? and the developed criterion for the quantitative change of the coefficient of subgrade reaction ???? in the zone of this weakening made it possible to propose a bilinear model of the interaction of the “foundation slab - base” system. The parameters of the base weakening obtained as a result of the problem solution have a wide range of changes depending on the physical and mechanical characteristics of the base soils and can be used for engineering calculations of slab foundations designed in karst areas. The comparative analysis of the calculations made according to the proposed and normative methods showed a substantial under-reinforcement of the foundation slab projected in the karst-hazardous zone.