bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The impact of the development of negative soil processes on the land fund of the Russian Federation
Authors: Tsoraeva Eleonora , Basieva Larisa , Kozyrev Batrbek
Published: January 2022

One of the reasons of the reduction of agricultural land is the degradation of soil processes. The main negative processes occurring in soils and leading to their degradation are erosion (water and wind), reduction of humus content in the soil. A significant spread of negative processes developing due to the action of natural and anthropogenic factors leads to a critical decrease in soil fertility. By washing away the upper fertile soil layer and the formation of large gullies due to improper tillage, soil erosion is formed. In order to prevent soil erosion, it is necessary to take measures to prevent an increase in the area of degraded land. The article considers the impact of negative processes, such as water and wind erosion, salinization, overwetting, flooding and waterlogging of soils, etc. on the land fund.
The effect of foliar top dressing with growth stimulants on potato yield in the southern part of the Volga-Vyatka region of Russia
Authors: Konstantinova Svetlana , Fadeev Andrey
Published: January 2022

On the experimental basis of the Chuvash Research Agricultural Institute-a branch of the Federal State Budgetary Institution “Federal Agricultural Research Center of the North-East named after N. V. Rudnitsky “, the influence of microbiological growth regulators on biometric indicators, yield and its structural elements of seed plantings of potatoes of the Chaika variety was studied. The use of leaf nutrition preparations of the agrotechnology combine “Azur-Niva LLC” contributed to: an increase in the vegetative mass of potato plants by 42 %; an increase in the yield of marketable potatoes from one bush, the number of potato tubers increased by 6.8 pcs., and the mass of tubers by 95 %; an increase in potato yield was 32.8 %.
The effect of the drug Atlante Plus on the formation of the solanum lycopersicum L. crop in the central zone of the Krasnodar Territory
Authors: Varfolomeyeva Natalya , Blagorodova Elena , Nepshekueva Tamara
Published: January 2022

Physiologically active substances play an important role in the formation of the vegetable crops harvest, influencing the timing of product receipt, its size and quality. In the Krasnodar Territory, the leading place among vegetable crops in the open ground is occupied by solanum lycopersicum L., the crop stability of which is complicated by high temperatures and insolation during the growing season. Using the drug Atlante Plus makes it possible to increase the stress resistance of plants, provide the necessary phosphorus-potassium nutrition. Studies conducted in 2021 in the central zone of the Krasnodar Territory revealed the drug effectiveness for pre-sowing seed preparation and spraying of solanum lycopersicum L. plantings during budding. Soaking seeds in the drug solution with the concentration of 0.005 % increased their germination energy and laboratory germination, activated growth processes in seedlings. Spraying of vegetat-ing plants with a solution of the same concentration increased the leaf surface area by 28 cm2, and the productivity of one plant – by 180 g.
Participation of low molecular weight antioxidants selenium and caffeic acid in the regulation of respiration in Solanum Tuberosum in hypothermic conditions
Authors: Puzina Tamara , Makeeva Inna , Prudnikov Pavel
Published: January 2022

To study the effect of low molecular weight antioxidants on the respiration process, the content of auxins and abscisic acid, 15-day-old potato (Solanum tuberosum) tubers grown under laboratory conditions were sprayed with 5.8 μM sodium selenite solution or 0.1 mM caffeic acid solution. Control runners were treated with water. Hypothermia (-2 °C) simulating freezing was created for 2 hours. 21-day-old runners were analyzed. Under optimal temperature conditions, the studied antioxidants stimulated the respiration process, while selenite had a greater effect. Caffeic acid increased the maintenance respiration rate. Selenite and caffeic acid increased the auxin content in the runners. Selenite reduced the amount of abscisic acid, resulting in an increase in the indoleacetic acid/abscisic acid ratio. Under hypothermic conditions, caffeic acid significantly reduced the increase in respiration, and in the option with selenite, an insignificant stabilization of this process was noted with a greater decrease in indoleacetic acid/abscisic acid ration as compared with optimal conditions.
Comprehensive study of Malus genus resources for the creation of adaptive grades
Authors: Ulyanovskaya Elena , Belenko Evgenia
Published: January 2022

The breeding renewal of the apple assortment in the conditions of southern fruit growing in Russia on the basis of domestic achievements is due to the acceleration of the breeding process associated with an in-depth study of the existing gene pool of culture, the widespread use of the samples most valuable in terms of the quality of the products obtained to create commercially demanded grades of regional breeding. The aim of the study is to isolate, on the basis of a long-term comprehensive study in the conditions of the Western Ciscaucasia, valuable specimens of the genusMalusto enhance the efficiency and accelerate the process of creating adaptive and high-quality grades of regional breeding. The work was carried out using generally accepted and modern programs and methods of variety study and selection of perennial fruit crops (apple trees). The long-term results of the study for 2010-2020 are summarized. in the conditions of the Kuban zone of the North Caucasian region of gardening of collection specimens of apple trees. Established that the increase in high-temperature stressors, the deficit in August of precipitation (28.2 mm) in recent years (2010-2020) has a negative impact on the growth, development and ripening of fruits, the laying of generative buds of the next year’s harvest. The weather conditions that have developed in the region, which are not sufficiently favorable for apple plants, make it possible to select drought-resistant, high-yielding, stably fruiting grades with commercially valuable fruits. Highlighted with high productivity potential diploids: 12/1-21-60, 12/2-20-22, 12/2-20-75 and triploids: 12/2-21-35, 12/2-20-56 (average yield 28.06-34.08 t/ha; total – up to 374.88 t/ha). Diploids were distinguished by large-fruited: Orpheus and 12/1-21-60 (average fruit weight 202.3-204.5 g, maximum – 224.8-278.8 g) and triploid varieties and elite forms (from the family of Idared × Balcgard 0247E): 12/2-21-35, 12/2-20-56, 12/1-21-27 (average fruit weight 201.4-317.9 g, maximum – 286.5-387.2 g).
Technology for obtaining fodder additive for animals and birds
Authors: Akhmadiev Gabdulahat
Published: January 2022

The purpose of this work is to analyze the existing problem and scientific and technical search for the development of an installation for the purpose of obtaining a feed additive. At the same time, we pay attention to the justification of the technology and application of the installation in order to obtain a feed additive for inclusion in the diet of various types of farm animals and birds. At the same time, the authors draw on the rationale and its use in order to obtain a feed additive for ensuring and further inclusion in the diet of various types of farm animals and birds. The set goal and tasks are solved by the proposed installation, designed to obtain a safe reserve feed additive from neutralized sludge sediments of treatment facilities, animal and poultry waste from the agro-industrial complex. The proposed innovative installation is designed to obtain a feed additive for various species of animals and birds. The developed technological algorithm with the installation produces safe, useful products. It can be used as a feed additive in the diet of farm animals and birds.
Analysis of the genus Allium L. Tersky Caucasus and Dagestan
Authors: Umaeva Aishat , Shakhgirieva Zlata , Sirieva Yakha
Published: January 2022

The article provides data on the species of the genus Allium L., known for many useful plants - food, medicinal, ornamental, as well as rare species in need of protection. The collection includes 36 species. The richest set of diverse vegetation species demonstrates evolutionary and ecological adaptation to different environments. Natural resources fulfill an ecological function that supports a social and economic system for humans. The ability of the biosphere to heal itself forms that ecological capacity. The ability of the biosphere to self-repair forms that ecological capacity. The current stage of development of research on the genus Allium poses qualitatively new problems for us. The solution of the latter requires extensive comparisons and generalizations of data, knowledge not only of the diversity of plant communities and the patterns of their development, but also of the systematic diversity and ecological and biological characteristics of the species composing them.
Economic and environmental approach to agricultural and rural development
Authors: Pavlova Yulia
Published: January 2022

This article discusses the choice of a model for development of agriculture and, accordingly, rural areas, taking into account the economic and environmental approach. The main producers of agricultural products and users of land resources are not only large and small agricultural organizations, but also personal subsidiary plots. The efficiency of use of land resources by households is much higher than in other agricultural organizations. Personal subsidiary plots in production of agricultural products use resource-saving technologies. Today, personal subsidiary plots remain without due attention from the state, business and the scientific community. They are also deprived of economic, financial, informational, technological, and human resources. As a practical implementation of theoretical conclusions, the article offers the implementation of the Bioekopolis project. In the territory of the Kanashsky district of the Chuvash Republic on the basis of Atalanu LLC from 2016 to 2021. experimental work was carried out to create individual elements of a small-scale rural settlement based on the principles of bioecopolis. The results of scientific and experimental design work, the experience of operating a residential building and outbuildings, the established operating mode of innovation gave the basis for development of an innovative project and the opportunity for its subsequent replication.
Development of methodological approaches to risk management within the system of internal control of agricultural organizations
Authors: Khulkhachieva Galina , Badmahalgaev Lag , Berikova Natalya
Published: January 2022

In order to form methodological approaches to risk management of agricultural organizations, the article considers the grouping of risks according to various criteria, which allows them to predict them in a timely manner and minimize possible damage. A model of risk-oriented internal control is offered, the main purpose of which is to correctly identify risk factors that affect the production and financial results of an agricultural organization. Timely identification and assessment of potential risks will reduce losses caused by the impact of negative natural and climatic risk factors, and ensure the further stable functioning of agricultural production. The developed model of risk-oriented internal control will help to identify existing problems in the organization in risk management to ensure the efficient and continuous operation of an agricultural organization.
The influence of microorganisms of the Arctic paleoecosystems on the morphometric parameters and the cytogenetic apparatus of Allium cepa
Authors: Kastornov Aleksandr A. , Subbotin Andrey M. , Petrov Sergei A.
Published: January 2022

The experiment studies the influence of microorganisms of the genus Bacillus from dispersed soils, which passed into a frozen state during the Holocene period, on the morphometric parameters and differentiation of Allium cepa cells. During the experiment, it was found that bacteria of the genus Bacillus can change morphometric parameters (there is a delay in the growth of roots and shoots, their length and number decrease). The influence of the studied strains from frozen rocks is manifested at the cellular level, changing the mitosis of the cells of the meristematic root tissue of Allium cepa. It is expressed both in the mitosis-stimulating effect and in the limitation of the proliferative capacity of Allium cepa cells. Thus, the behaviour of microorganisms in the Arctic paleoecosystems in the environment, their use in the economy, agriculture, and medicine are promising and topical issues. In addition, the question of the influence of relict microbiota on modern biological objects and, first of all, on their cellular apparatus remains understudied. The study of permafrost microorganisms makes it possible to better understand the evolution of adaptive characteristics of modern biological objects to the cold and subsequently move on to the development of technologies pointed at using the adaptive potential of microorganisms.
Digital transformation of business processes in aic: starting conditions and priorities
Authors: Novoselova S.A. , Solodovnikova G.A.
Published: January 2022

The article examines the starting conditions for digital transformation in agriculture in Russia, identifies the main stages in the history of the development of agricultural production. The author studied the regulatory documents on digital transformation, the components of the Central Information and Analytical System of State Information Support for Agriculture, analyzed the current state of the use of complex digital agricultural solutions by agricultural producers. It also assesses the achieved target indicators of the departmental project «Digital Agriculture», identifies trends in their change over the period. Drivers for the development of digital transformation of the agro-industrial complex in Russia have been formed and presented.
Radiographic Ischial Enthesopathy in Patients with Psoriatic Arthritis
Authors: Bitik Berivan , Dalgic Gunay Sahin , Kanbur Aysenur Yalcintas , Ok Mehtap Akcil , Yucel Ahmet Eftal
Published: January 2022

Background To investigate the prevalence of radiographic ischial entheseal lesions in patients with psoriatic arthritis (PsA) compared to patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA).

Patients and Methods Thirty-eight patients with PsA and 46 patients with RA were included. Anteroposterior radiographs of the pelvis and lateral foot were evaluated for entheseal lesions. The following entheseal sites were reviewed: os ischium, bilateral Achilles tendon and inferior calcaneus. Abnormalities such as cortical erosions and enthesophytes (irregular bony proliferation) were recorded.

Results The frequency of enthesopathic changes in the ischial region was found to be statistically significantly higher in PsA patients compared with RA patients (50 and 28.3%, respectively, p=0.04). Enthesopathic changes of the calcaneus and Achilles tendon also occurred more frequently in PsA patients than in RA patients.

Conclusion Radiographic entheseal lesions in the ischial region are more prevalent in PsA patients compared with RA patients with symptoms in that region. Furthermore, such enthesopathic changes in the ischium are observed as frequently as changes in the Achilles tendon. These findings regarding structural entheseal lesions in the pelvic region contribute to the knowledge of entheseal involvement in PsA.
Avaliação dos resultados a longo prazo da cirurgia de Oberlin na paralisia braquial obstétrica
Authors: Figueiredo Eduardo Araújo , Freitas Fernando Sellitti Chiabai de , Parente Neto Júlio Inácio , Abdouni Yussef Ali , Costa Antônio Carlos da
Published: January 2022

Objetivo Avaliar a flexão do cotovelo em crianças portadoras de paralisia obstétrica do plexo braquial submetidas à transferência de Oberlin.

Métodos Estudo retrospectivo com 11 pacientes acometidos por paralisia decorrente do trabalho de parto e que não apresentaram recuperação espontânea da flexão do cotovelo até os 12 meses de vida, operados entre 2010 e 2018.

Resultados As crianças foram operadas entre os 5 e 12 meses de vida, com média de 7,9 meses e o tempo médio de seguimento foi de 133,2 meses, variando de 37 a 238 meses. Seis pacientes (54,5%) apresentaram grau de força muscular ≥ 3, medido pela escala de força do Medical Research Council (MRC), e, pela escala de movimentação ativa (Active Momement Scale [AMS]), 5 pacientes obtiveram pontuação ≥ 5. Foi identificada correlação negativa entre a AMS e a classificação de Narakas (r = -0,509), bem como entre a MRC e a classificação de Narakas (r = -0,495). Já entre a AMS e a MRC, foi observada forte correlação positiva (r = 0,935), demonstrando que quanto maior a pontuação na escala de movimento, maior será a pontuação na escala de força muscular.

Conclusão A cirurgia de Oberlin apresenta-se como uma opção possível para a recuperação da flexão do cotovelo em crianças com plexopatia neonatal; no entanto, demonstra resultados bastante heterogêneos, mesmo no seguimento a longo prazo.
Reparo artroscópico da lesão de manguito rotador: Uma análise da função, força muscular e dor entre técnicas de fileira simples e fileira dupla
Authors: Storti Thiago Medeiros , Ribeiro Thiago da Silva , Faria Rafael Salomon Silva , Simionatto João Eduardo , Simionatto Carolina , Paniago Alexandre Firmino
Published: January 2022

Objetivo Avaliar os pacientes submetidos ao reparo artroscópico do manguito rotador (MR), comparando-se os resultados funcionais, força muscular e dor obtidos após as técnicas de fileira simples (FS) e de fileira dupla (FD).

Métodos Foram coletados os dados do seguimento pós-operatório (mínimo de 12 meses) de 128 pacientes submetidos ao reparo artroscópico do MR durante o período de 2011 a 2018. As variáveis clínico-funcionais foram coletadas por meio do exame clínico, e as variáveis demográficas, cirúrgicas e das lesões do MR a partir dos prontuários eletrônicos. Os resultados foram comparados entre os grupos FS e FD.

Resultados O grupo FD demonstrou força de elevação anterior maior quando comparado ao grupo FS (FS: 4,72 ± 2,73 kg versus FD:5,90 ± 2,73 kg; p = 0,017). As demais variáveis de força muscular, Constant-Murley Score, University of California at Los Angeles Shoulder Rating Scale (UCLA, na sigla em inglês) e dor foram similares. Realizando-se a estratificação por tamanho, na análise das lesões pequenas e médias, não foram encontradas diferenças entre os grupos. Porém, na análise das lesões grandes e extensas, os pacientes submetidos à FD apresentaram superioridade tanto na força muscular de elevação (FS: 3,98 ± 2,24 kg versus FD: 6,39 ± 2,73 kg) quanto no escore Constant (FS: 81 ± 10 versus FD: 88 ± 7).

Conclusão A utilização da técnica de FD no reparo artroscópico do MR possibilitou maiores níveis de força muscular para elevação anterior do ombro quando comparada à técnica de FS. A estratificação dos dados em lesões grandes e extensas evidenciou superioridade da força muscular de elevação anterior do ombro e do escore Constant nos pacientes submetidos à FD.
The integration of sustainability in corporate governance systems: an innovative framework applied to the European systematically important banks
Authors: Dicuonzo Grazia , Donofrio Francesca , Iannuzzi Antonia Patrizia , Dell’Atti Vittorio
Published: January 2022

The growing interest in corporate social responsibility (CSR) issues is the result of a cultural path that sees banks react to market changes and become protagonists of an increasingly sustainable future. Based on these considerations, this paper intends to investigate the level of integration of sustainability issues in banks’ corporate governance systems. We carry out an exploratory analysis on all European systematically important banks during the period 2015–2019. By adopting the content analysis approach, we develop a novel governance score based on a research model made up of 40 items. We name the score: “Bank’s governance ESG (Environmental Social Governance) integrated index”. The main results of our study reveal not only growing awareness of banks to integrate sustainability in their corporate governance, but also a strong heterogeneity in their corporate behaviours and large rooms for improvement. Indeed, we find that just over half of the surveyed banks pay really attention to the integration of sustainability issues in their business and governance processes. This contribution is especially driven by the banks’ boards of directors, whose size and composition contribute positively to overall sustainable performance. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first empirical study that investigates the level of integration of ESG factors in the banking sector, developing a quantitative score ranging from 0 to 100%. This study differs from previous studies in that it develops an “Bank’s governance ESG integrated index”, which considers the areas of corporate governance that have the greatest impact on the implementation of sustainable practices in banks. Our research is limited to investigating the level of integration of ESG factors for listed banks over a 5-year period. In fact, our time horizon is represented by the four-year period 2015–2019. This research has practical implications. First, investors more attentive on sustainability issues could identify and select the banks that best implement ESG criteria in their corporate governance systems. Second, our research model could be adopted by banks as a “diagnostic tool” to carry out a self-assessment process and identify possible room for improvement.
Existence of solutions of nonlinear elliptic equations with measure data in Musielak-Orlicz spaces
Authors: Kashnikova A. P. , Kozhevnikova L. M.
Published: January 2022

A second-order quasilinear elliptic equation with a measure of special form on the right-hand side is considered. Restrictions on the structure of the equation are imposed in terms of a generalized

-function such that the conjugate function obeys the

-condition and the corresponding Musielak-Orlicz space is not necessarily reflexive. In an arbitrary domain satisfying the segment property, the existence of an entropy solution of the Dirichlet problem is proved. It is established that this solution is renormalized.

Bibliography: 29 titles.
A mitochondrial ADXR–ADX–P450 electron transport chain is essential for maternal gametophytic control of embryogenesis inArabidopsis
Authors: Bellido Andrés Martin , Distéfano Ayelén Mariana , Setzes Nicolás , Cascallares María Milagros , Oklestkova Jana , Novak Ondrej , Ramirez Javier Alberto , Zabaleta Eduardo J. , Fiol Diego F. , Pagnussat Gabriela C.
Published: January 2022

Significance

Mitochondrial adrenodoxins (ADXs) are small iron–sulfur proteins that function as mobile shuttles transferring electrons. Their function has been largely known in animals, as they transfer electrons between an adrenodoxin reductase (ADXR) and mitochondrial P450s, which is a crucial step that leads to steroidogenesis. Here we show that a functional mitochondrial ADX–ADXR–P450 pathway is essential for steroid biosynthesis and that its function is required for plant sexual reproduction.
Cation reordering instead of phase transitions: Origins and implications of contrasting lithiation mechanisms in 1D ζ- and 2D α-V
2
O
5
Authors: Luo Yuting , Rezaei Shahed , Santos David A. , Zhang Yuwei , Handy Joseph V. , Carrillo Luis , Schultz Brian J. , Gobbato Leonardo , Pupucevski Max , Wiaderek Kamila , Charalambous Harry , Yakovenko Andrey , Pharr Matt , Xu Bai-Xiang , Banerjee Sarbajit
Published: January 2022

Significance

The function of cathode materials is determined by factors transcending decades of length scales, spanning the range from the crystal structure and composition of the compound to the dimensions and morphologies of the particles, their connectivity with other particles and with the conductive matrix, and their spatial location relative to the electrolyte–electrode interface. Mitigating the constraints and degradation mechanisms that limit cathode materials from realizing their full potential requires careful consideration of the electrode structure spanning multiple length scales. In this work, we explore an intriguing concept: For the same exact composition (V
2
O
5
), can the atomic connectivity be altered to stabilize a metastable polymorph that provides access to an entirely distinctive cation insertion and diffusion mechanism?
Skin-resident dendritic cells mediate postoperative pain via CCR4 on sensory neurons
Authors: Raymondi Silva Jaqueline , Iftinca Mircea , Fernandes Gomes Francisco I. , Segal Julia P. , Smith Olivia M. A. , Bannerman Courtney A. , Silva Mendes Atlante , Defaye Manon , Robinson Madeline E. C. , Gilron Ian , Mattar Cunha Thiago , Altier Christophe , Ghasemlou Nader
Published: January 2022

Significance

Interactions between the nervous and immune systems control the generation and maintenance of inflammatory pain. However, the immune cells and mediators controlling this response remain poorly characterized. We identified the cytokines CCL22 and CCL17 as secreted mediators that act directly on sensory neurons to mediate postoperative pain via their shared receptor, CCR4. We also show that skin-resident dendritic cells are key contributors to the inflammatory pain response. Blocking the interaction between these dendritic cell–derived ligands and their receptor can abrogate the pain response, highlighting CCR4 antagonists as potentially effective therapies for postoperative pain. Our findings identify functions for these tissue-resident myeloid cells and uncover mechanisms underlying pain pathophysiology.
Attack of the critics
Authors: Szabó Lilla Petronella , Szabó Gabriella
Published: January 2022

This paper presents a case study of Hungarian Prime Minister Viktor Orbán’s delegitimisation discourse on the European Union in the context of the Covid-19 pandemic. We focused on how the EU and its member states were depicted metaphorically in PM Orbán’s weekly radio interviews. Relying on the discourse dynamics approach, we identified the metaphorical expressions the PM used to legitimise the crisis management of the Hungarian government and delegitimise critical comment from international voices in the context of the European Union. Our results showed that supranational bodies were depicted as authority figures and this image was reinforced by the use of particular verbal motifs. Rhetorical ambiguity was also found regarding Western Europe, whereas the notion of friendship was propagated when referring to the relationship between Hungary and the Visegrád countries Czechia, Poland, and Slovakia.
Derivation predicting inflection
Authors: Bonami Olivier , Pellegrini Matteo
Published: January 2022

In this paper, we investigate the value of derivational information in predicting the inflectional behavior of lexemes. We focus on Latin, for which large-scale data on both inflection and derivation are easily available. We train boosting tree classifiers to predict the inflection class of verbs and nouns with and without different pieces of derivational information. For verbs, we also model inflectional behavior in a word-based fashion, training the same type of classifier to predict wordforms given knowledge of other wordforms of the same lexemes. We find that derivational information is indeed helpful, and document an asymmetry between the beginning and the end of words, in that the final element in a word is highly predictive, while prefixes prove to be uninformative. The results obtained with the word-based methodology also allow for a finer-grained description of the behavior of different pairs of cells.
Areal script form patterns with Chinese characteristics
Authors: Myers James
Published: January 2022

It has often been claimed that writing systems have formal grammars structurally analogous to those of spoken and signed phonology. This paper demonstrates one consequence of this analogy for Chinese script and the writing systems that it has influenced: as with phonology, areal script patterns include the borrowing of formal regularities, not just of formal elements or interpretive functions. Whether particular formal Chinese script regularities were borrowed, modified, or ignored also turns out not to depend on functional typology (in morphemic/syllabic Tangut script, moraic Japanese katakana, and featural/phonemic/syllabic Korean hangul) but on the benefits of making the borrowing system visually distinct from Chinese, the relative productivity of the regularities within Chinese character grammar, and the level at which the borrowing takes place.
Application of metabolomics to assess the intestinal response to dietary supplementation
Authors: Borzouie Shima , Rathgeber Bruce M. , MacLaren Leslie A.
Published: January 2022

Recently, there has been increasing interest in the use of feed supplements for improving human and animal nutrition and health. Identification of nutrient biomarkers is a top priority to measure the biological and physiological effects of dietary components. Metabolomics is an objective and accurate tool to expand our knowledge of biological systems response to feed supplements by defining intestinal pathways and mechanisms. This review focuses on the impact of feed supplements on the host intestinal system and blood constituents, illustrating systemic changes in metabolic pathways and functionality. From scientific reports dealing with metabolomic data, the paper compiles evidence on feed additive effects on small intestine morphology, nutrient absorption, enzyme regulation and intestinal epithelium, as well as colon microbiota community. The review concentrates on the cellular and molecular functions to demonstrate the possible biological effects of feed supplements on health. The combinations of quantitative metabolomic assays are finding applications not only in animal and human nutritional sciences but also in agricultural, medical, and medicinal research.
The CCL-K11 on-going key comparison. Final report for the period 2018 to 2020
Authors: Matus M , Lipus L C , Hungwe F , Bantis C , Szikszai G , Zechner G
Published: January 2022

Main text

To reach the main text of this paper, click on Final Report. Note that this text is that which appears in Appendix B of the BIPM key comparison database https://www.bipm.org/kcdb/.

The final report has been peer-reviewed and approved for publication by the CCL, according to the provisions of the CIPM Mutual Recognition Arrangement (CIPM MRA).
Comparison of liquid samples of density
Authors: Domostroyev A , Nabieva E , Moldaganapov U , Tabullo O , Chubara A
Published: January 2022

Main text

To reach the main text of this paper, click on Final Report. Note that this text is that which appears in Appendix B of the BIPM key comparison database https://www.bipm.org/kcdb/.

The final report has been peer-reviewed and approved for publication by the CCM, according to the provisions of the CIPM Mutual Recognition Arrangement (CIPM MRA).
Rectifying and negative differential resistance in nonmetal-adsorbed black arsenic phosphorus
Authors: Gong Peng-Wei , Zhang Xiao-Lin , Liu Fang-Qi , Yao Kai-Lun , Zhu Si-Cong , Lu Yan
Published: January 2022

Recently, black arsenic phosphorus (b-AsP) has become a hot topic of two-dimensional materials research due to its high carrier mobility, tunability of the band gap in a wide range and excellent in-plane anisotropy. In this work, we use first-principle calculations to study the structural and electromagnetic properties of b-AsP with adsorbed nonmetal atoms such as B, C, N, O and F. Taking into account the great difference in the electromagnetic properties induced by adsorption of different kinds of nonmetal atoms on b-AsP, several rectifying device models are formulated. Analysis and calculations demonstrate that the device, consisting of an N atom adsorbed on b-AsP, has a rectification ratio of 105 and a negative differential resistance. According to our results, N-doped b-AsP can be used as a two-dimensional molecular rectifier and spin filter.
Sensitive visual detection of intracellular zinc ions based on signal-on polydopamine carbon dots
Authors: Ni Jiatong , Kong Lixiang , Tang Minglu , Song Yan , Zhao Junge , Wang Wenxin , Sun Tiedong , Wang Ying , Wang Lei
Published: January 2022

The concentration of intracellular zinc ions is a significant clinical parameter for diagnosis. However, it is still a challenge for direct visual detection of zinc ions in cells at single-cell level. To address this issue, herein, water-soluble amino-rich polydopamine carbon quantum dots (PDA-CQDs) were successfully synthesized, with strong blue-green fluorescence as the probes for zinc ions detection in cells. The structure and properties of PDA-CQDs were confirmed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transformed infrared (FT-IR), UV–visible spectrophotometry (UV–vis), and fluorescence spectroscopy. Importantly, by successfully linking salicylaldehyde (SA) to PDA-CQDs via nucleophilic reaction, the FL quenching and Zn ions induced FL-recovering system was built up, thus offering a signal-on platform for the detection of zinc ions. This PDA-CQDs-SA nanoprobe can be applied for the detection of Zn2+ with a detection limit of 0.09 μM, with good biocompatibility confirmed using cytotoxicity assay. Of significance, the results of fluorescence bioimaging showed that PDA-CQDs-SA is able to detect Zn2+ in single-cell visually, with the detection limit of Zn ions in cells as low as 0.11 μM per cell, which was confirmed using flow cytometry. Therefore, this work offers a potential probe for Zn2+ detection in cells at single-cell level, towards the precise diagnosis of zinc ions related diseases.
A skyrmion content-addressable cell for skyrmion magnetic memories
Authors: Gnoli Luca , Riente Fabrizio
Published: January 2022

Content-addressable memories (CAMs) allow searching a pattern, processing in parallel all the data stored. Beyond-CMOS technologies can provide new opportunities to improve CAM memories implementations both at the device and architectural level. In this article, we propose a ternary content-addressable memory cell based on skyrmion technology. The proposed memory cell is based on skyrmion racetrack memory. The cell is able to signal if the bit contained in the cell in form of skyrmion corresponds to an electrical input, the target of the search operation. The proposed design, verified by means of micromagnetic simulations, has an area of 0.054 μm2 and can perform a search operation in 3.3 ns with an energy of 10.5 fJ. The operation performed is non-destructive and does not require conversion between the magnetic and the electronic domains. For this reason, the designed cell has the potential to be used as a basic block for non-volatile CAM memories. Here, we propose also a layout structure to implement a CAM memory employing the proposed cell. This structure allows to achieve memory density comparable to traditional racetrack memories and execute at the same time CAM operations.
Automatic contouring of normal tissues with deep learning for preclinical radiation studies
Authors: Lappas Georgios , Wolfs Cecile J A , Staut Nick , Lieuwes Natasja G , Biemans Rianne , van Hoof Stefan J , Dubois Ludwig J , Verhaegen Frank
Published: January 2022

Objective. Delineation of relevant normal tissues is a bottleneck in image-guided precision radiotherapy workflows for small animals. A deep learning (DL) model for automatic contouring using standardized 3D micro cone-beam CT (μCBCT) volumes as input is proposed, to provide a fully automatic, generalizable method for normal tissue contouring in preclinical studies. Approach. A 3D U-net was trained to contour organs in the head (whole brain, left/right brain hemisphere, left/right eye) and thorax (complete lungs, left/right lung, heart, spinal cord, thorax bone) regions. As an important preprocessing step, Hounsfield units (HUs) were converted to mass density (MD) values, to remove the energy dependency of the μCBCT scanner and improve generalizability of the DL model. Model performance was evaluated quantitatively by Dice similarity coefficient (DSC), mean surface distance (MSD), 95th percentile Hausdorff distance (HD95p), and center of mass displacement (ΔCoM). For qualitative assessment, DL-generated contours (for 40 and 80 kV images) were scored (0: unacceptable, manual re-contouring needed - 5: no adjustments needed). An uncertainty analysis using Monte Carlo dropout uncertainty was performed for delineation of the heart. Main results. The proposed DL model and accompanying preprocessing method provide high quality contours, with in general median DSC > 0.85, MSD < 0.25 mm, HD95p < 1 mm and ΔCoM < 0.5 mm. The qualitative assessment showed very few contours needed manual adaptations (40 kV: 20/155 contours, 80 kV: 3/155 contours). The uncertainty of the DL model is small (within 2%). Significance. A DL-based model dedicated to preclinical studies has been developed for multi-organ segmentation in two body sites. For the first time, a method independent of image acquisition parameters has been quantitatively evaluated, resulting in sub-millimeter performance, while qualitative assessment demonstrated the high quality of the DL-generated contours. The uncertainty analysis additionally showed that inherent model variability is low.
A dynamic blood flow model to compute absorbed dose to circulating blood and lymphocytes in liver external beam radiotherapy
Authors: Xing Shu , Shin Jungwook , Pursley Jennifer , Correa-Alfonso Camilo M , Depauw Nicolas , Domal Sean , Withrow Julia , Bolch Wesley , Grassberger Clemens , Paganetti Harald
Published: January 2022

We have developed a novel 4D dynamic liver blood flow model, capable of accurate dose estimation to circulating blood cells during liver-directed external beam radiotherapy, accounting for blood recirculation and radiation delivery time structure. Adult male and adult female liver computational phantoms with detailed vascular trees were developed to include the hepatic arterial, hepatic portal venous, and hepatic venous trees. A discrete time Markov Chain approach was applied to determine the spatiotemporal distribution of 105 blood particles (BP) in the human body based on reference values for cardiac output and organ blood volumes. For BPs entering the liver, an explicit Monte Carlo simulation was implemented to track their propagation along ∼2000 distinct vascular pathways through the liver. The model tracks accumulated absorbed dose from time-dependent radiation fields with a 0.1 s time resolution. The computational model was then evaluated for 3 male and 3 female patients receiving photon (VMAT and IMRT) and proton (passive SOBP and active PBS) treatments. The dosimetric impact of treatment modality, delivery time, and fractionation on circulating blood cells was investigated and quantified using the mean dose (

μ

dose
,
b

), V

>0Gy, V

>0.125Gy, and D
2%. Average reductions in

μ

dose
,
b

,

V

>0Gy, V

>0.125Gy and D
2% of 45%, 6%, 53%, 19% respectively, were observed for proton treatments as compared to photon treatments. Our simulation also showed that V

>0Gy, V

>0.125Gy, and D
2% were highly sensitive to the beam-on time. Both V

>0Gy and V

>0.125Gy increased with beam-on time, whereas D
2% decreased with increasing beam-on time, demonstrating the tradeoff between low dose to a large fraction of blood cells and high dose to a small fraction of blood cells. Consequently, proton treatments are not necessarily advantageous in terms of dose to the blood simply based on integral dose considerations. Instead, both integral dose and beam-on time can substantially impact relevant dosimetric indices.
Comparison of laser induced breakdown spectroscopy and fast ICCD imaging for spatial and time resolved measurements of atmospheric pressure helium plasma jet
Authors: Maletić Dejan , Popović Dean , Puač Nevena , Petrović Zoran Lj , Milošević Slobodan
Published: January 2022

In this paper we compared the fast Intensified Charge Coupled Device (ICCD) imaging with the newly developed diagnostic method that utilizes laser induced breakdown in plasma jet. Our helium plasma jet was powered by an 80 kHz high-voltage sine wave and propagated into the ambient air. Pulsed laser beam 1064 nm (4 ns pulse duration and 5 Hz repetition rate) was focused with the lens into the plasma jet at energy below breakdown threshold in helium. Laser pulses and the jet powering signal were synchronized. Laser induced plasma is highly dependent on the concentration of seed electrons and other charged particles in the plasma jet channel. We compared the radial profiles of the plasma jet obtained with these two methods. For laser induced breakdown it was ±0.5 mm and for ICCD measurement it was ±1.75 mm, while the ionization wave velocities obtained with these two methods were 15 km s−1 and 20 km s−1 respectively. Electrical characteristics of the plasma jet were also presented and one can see a large hysteresis effect when the applied power to the plasma jet was reducing. We show that the laser induced breakdown spectroscopy can be used as a complementary diagnostics technique with ICCD measurements.
Computation and experimental results on spectroscopic and physicochemical properties of efficient piperidine driven passive optical limiting material
Authors: Prathebha K , Raju K , Hegde Tejaswi Ashok , Vinitha G
Published: January 2022

The computation and experimental results on structural, mechanical, thermal, linear, and third order nonlinear optical properties of an organic material 4-methyl-N-((1-(4-methylbenzoyl)piperidin-4-yl)methyl)-benzamide (1) for an efficient optical limiting application with easy preparation and decent performance are presented. Its response to single-crystal x-ray diffraction allowed to investigate the molecular structure of 1, which is optimized using computational density functional theory at the B3LYP/6-311G** level. Calculated frontier molecular orbitals and Mulliken charge are served to realize the intramolecular charge transfer in 1 and its electronegative nature responsible for optical nonlinearity. Hirshfeld analysis investigated the structural property and the magnitude of interatomic and molecular interactions to help understand structure-property relation. The FTIR and NMR spectroscopic study further confirmed the formation of 1 and the vibrational states of its functional group. The title crystal showed acceptable thermal (stable up to 130 °C) and mechanical (stable up to 50 grams of applied load) stability, which is optimal for laser device applications. With an optical bandgap of 4.32 eV, the title material possesses much less linear optical absorption across the visible region of the electromagnetic spectrum. The nonlinear optical absorption (β), nonlinear refractive index (n
2) and third-order nonlinear optical susceptibility (χ
(3)) values are measured as (0.0139 ± 0.001) × 10−4 cmW−1, (1.49 ± 0.05) × 10−10 cm2W−1 and (4.2 ± 0.3) × 10−8 esu respectively shows that the title molecule is third-order nonlinear optical active. The onset optical limiting threshold value is determined as (7.092 ± 0.01)×103 Wcm−2 for 532 nm, continuous-wave laser irradiation indicating that the title material is a good candidate for the optical limiting application.
The neutron star outer crust equation of state: a machine learning approach
Authors: Murarka Utsav , Banerjee Kinjal , Malik Tuhin , Providência Constança
Published: January 2022

Constructing the outer crust of the neutron stars requires the knowledge of the Binding Energy (BE) of the atomic nuclei. Although the BE of a lot of the nuclei is experimentally determined and can be obtained from the AME data table, for the others we need to depend on theoretical models. There exist a lot of physical theories to predict the BE, each with its own strengths and weaknesses. In this paper we apply Machine Learning (ML) algorithms on AME2016 data set to predict the Binding Energy of atomic nuclei. The novel feature of our work is that it is model independent. We do not assume or use any nuclear physics model but use only ML algorithms directly on the AME2016 data set. Our results are further refined by using another ML algorithm to train the errors of the first algorithm, and repeating this process iteratively. Our best algorithm gives σrms ∼ 0.58 MeV for Binding Energy on randomized testing sets. This is comparable to all physics models or ML improved physics models studied in literature till date. Using the predictions of our Machine Learning algorithm, we construct the outer crust equation of state (EoS) of a neutron star and show that our model is comparable to existing models. This work also demonstrates the use of various ML algorithms and a detailed analysis on how we arrived at our best algorithm. It will help the physics community in understanding how to choose an ML algorithm which would be suited for their data set. Our algorithms and best fit model is also made publicly available for the use of the community.
Primary aberrations in tightly focused polarized anomalous vortex beams
Authors: Xu Menghua , Qin Yali , Ji Kailai , Zhang Hongshun
Published: January 2022

Based on the Richards Wolf vector diffraction theory, the intensity profiles of the radially and azimuthally polarized anomalous vortex beams focused by a high numerical aperture (NA) lens in the presence of primary aberration are obtained. The effects of the primary aberration coefficient on the intensity distribution, longitudinal field and the quality of the aberrated focused field through calculating the Strehl ratio under various polarized input beams are analyzed. The results show that spherical aberration destroys the rotational symmetry of the focused intensity about the optical axis. Coma will shift the focal spot which gradually presents an obvious comet shape. Astigmatism will elongate the focal spot. Meanwhile, defocus technology on compensating aberrations is studied. The results have potential applications in the design and assembly of high NA systems or overcoming aberrations in the future.
Solutions of novel soliton molecules and their interactions of (2 + 1)-dimensional potential Boiti–Leon–Manna–Pempinelli equation
Authors: Ma Hong-Cai , Gao Yi-Dan , Deng Ai-Ping
Published: January 2022

The method of variable separation has always been regarded as a crucial method for solving nonlinear evolution equations. In this paper, we use a new form of variable separation to study novel soliton molecules and their interactions in (2 + 1)-dimensional potential Boiti–Leon-Manna–Pempinelli equation. Dromion molecules, ring molecules, lump molecules, multi-instantaneous molecules, and their interactions are obtained. Then we draw corresponding images with maple software to study their dynamic behavior.
Monte Carlo study of plastic rod scintillators for use in industrial computed tomography
Authors: Taheri A. , Askari M.
Published: January 2022

Industrial gamma-ray computed tomography systems have found different applications and have become an important tool for non-destructive testing. In this work, high aspect ratio rod plastic scintillators were assessed for use in this type of tomography system. All analyses were performed using Monte Carlo simulation by geant4 toolkit. Validation of the results was done using a 50 cm rod plastic scintillator with a diameter of 5 cm. The results showed that the rod plastic scintillators can be employed in industrial tomography systems for scanning large objects. The spatial resolution of the detection system was estimated more than 1 cm. Finally, the simulated parameters of the selected rod plastic scintillator were compared with an identical NaI(Tl) rod scintillator to find a better understanding about its performance.