bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Charateristics and reasons for diabetic-defaulters between primary care clinics and diabetic specialist clinic: A prospective cohort study in Kuantan, Malaysia
Authors: Abdullah Fa'iza , Han Tin Myo , Md Aris Mohd Aznan , Osman Iskandar Firzada
Published: January 2021

Introduction: Defaulted appointment in diabetic clinics is a great concern as it affects disease controlled and complications. Geographical location, clinic-types and quality of health services provided are known determinant reasons for defaulting. Thus, this study aimed to identify characteristics and reasons for default between diabetic-patients at public-primary-care-clinics (PPCCs) and public-hospital-diabetic-specialist-clinic (DS-OPD). Methods: A prospective one-year-cohort study was conducted among 405 diabetic patients from two PPCCs and DS-OPD in Kuantan (2015-2016). There were 2-point visits (at 6-month and 12-month) assessing follow-up appointments within one year. Defaulter is defined by at least one-time defaulted either at 6-month or 12-month. Regular-attendees were included as control. Type-1-DM-patients, missing-records, known-deceased and transferout cases were excluded. Background socio-demographic data of diabetic-defaulters were collected from DM-records and reasons for defaulting were traced via 3-times-telephone contacts which 51.6% diabetic-defaulters responded. A stratified cross-analysis was done to compare the prevalence and characteristics between defaulters and regular attendees. Reasons for defaults were analyzed using open-ended-questions analysis method. Results: Prevalence of defaulters was 18% (73/405); higher prevalence was found in DS-OPD than PPCCs (32.4% vs 10.3%). Gender, race, age, education, occupation and the duration of DM were not significantly different between defaulters and regular-attendees at DS-OPD. However, self-employment (25.9%), housewives (25.9%), aged less than 45-years (33.3%) and≥ 55 years-old (44.4%) were significant defaulters in PPCCs. Significant different of reasons for default found at DS-OPD compare to PPCCs for postponing the date (54.5% vs 12.5%), while refusing treatment/used alternative medicine (18.2% vs 43.8%); and movedout/transferred/referred cases (27.3% vs 31.2%) were more in PPCCs. Conclusions: Distinctive characteristics and diverse reasons for default between DS-OPD and PPCCs among diabetic-patients fortified to set tailored remedial to reduce defaulter-rate in different clinic.
Awareness of public in Kuantan on the roles and services provided by an audiologist
Authors: Azrin Nor Azri , Othman Nur Ain , Tukiran Nur Hanisah
Published: January 2021

Introduction: Prevalence of disabling hearing loss among Malaysians is 5%, according to Malaysia’s Health Survey. The need for audiological service is clear. Despite the urgencies in hearing-related health issues, there is not much known about public awareness of the audiologist’s role and services especially in Kuantan. This current study aims to explore this matter. Methods: Self-administered questionnaires consisting 2 sections were distributed randomly in public in Kuantan. Section A comprises of participants’ sociodemographic information (i.e. gender, race, age, occupation, and level of education). Section B consists of Part a: Familiarity with Audiological Services, Part b: Knowledge on Role and Services of Audiologists, and Part c: Source of Information. 56 respondents were involved. Results: 66.07% of subjects (n=37) claimed they knew about the audiologist existence in Malaysia and 33.93% (n=19) claimed otherwise. There is no significant association between sociodemographic information with the awareness on audiologist existence and also the knowledge that respondents were regarding audiologist role and services. There is a significant association between participants' awareness on the audiologist existence in Malaysia with their familiarity with audiologists (p-value = 0.006). There is also a significant association between the responder awareness with their knowledge on audiologist role and services (p-value = 0.006). However, there is no association between respondents’ familiarity with audiologists and their knowledge on audiologist role and services. Conclusions: Public awareness on audiologists role and services in Kuantan is fair.
A temporal analysis of maternal deaths in some selected health facilities in Zamfara State, Northwest Nigeria: How far were United Nations Millennium Development Goals (MDG) 5 achieved?
Authors: Maiwada Abdullahi Mohammed , A Rahman Nor Azlina , Abdul Rahman Suzanah , Mamat Nik Mazlan , A Baba Tukur , Abubakar Danladi
Published: January 2021

Introduction: The steady increase in maternal deaths in Nigeria is a serious source of concern to policy makers and key stakeholders as one of the major threats to the achievement of the MDGs. Nigeria is reported to have one of the highest maternal mortality ratios in the world. This study was aimed at examining the challenges confronting the achievement of the MDGs Goals 5 in Zamfara State northwest Nigeria in terms of maternal mortality ratio, causes and frequency of antenatal visits. Methods: Health facility based approach and statistics were used in assessing maternal mortality ratio. Data was collected from health facility records and folders of patients who lost their lives due to pregnancy and childbirth related illnesses in some selected health facilities in Zamfara State from 2011- 2015. Results: The results showed the highest maternal deaths are in the rural areas 5120/100,000 as compared to 750/100,000 urban health facilities. Haemorrhage was the leading medical cause of maternal death. Others include sepsis, eclampsia, sickle cell anaemia, obstructed labour and abortion. However, there was a significant increase in the number of antenatal care visits from 7.20% to 30.93% within the last five years. However, the maternal mortality rate has increased, though not stable from 735/100,000 in 2011 to 1248/100,000 in 2013 and 930/100,000 in mid-2015. Conclusions: There was an increase in maternal deaths in rural compared to urban areas health clinics despite increased in the attendance of ante natal care visits thus the 5th Millennium Development Goal in Zamfara State not achieved.
A prevalence study into use and management of peripheral intravenous catheters
Authors: Daud Azlina , Rahman Hazimah , Che Jamaluddin Farrah Ilyani
Published: January 2021

Introduction: There are over half of patients admitted to the hospital required peripheral intravascular catheter (PIVC) inserted. However, there are no data reported on the use of PIVC in Malaysia. Thus, this study aims to determine the prevalence of PIVCs use and PIVC complications in patients with PIVC. Methods: An observational study was conducted on patients who had PIVC in medical, surgical, obstetric and orthopedic wards in Hospital Tunku Ampuan Afzan, Kuantan, Malaysia. Results: Over 2 months, the total admission for 4 wards was 1466 and out of this total admission, 490 patients were recruited. Reasons for PIVC insertion were for IV fluids (62.4%) and for medication administration (31.8%). Most of the PIVC inserted in the general ward (91.8%) followed by from an emergency department. The PIVC insertion was done by the doctor (84.5%). All patients used the same brand of catheter, which is Vasofix Branulle and used transparent polyurethane dressing. There were 28 (5.7%) patients have signs of thrombophlebitis. The Chi-square test showed that there was a significant association between day of PIVC insertion with thrombophlebitis (p = 0.006). Conclusions: In conclusion, the study processes resulted in a proportion of 33.4% of patients with PIVC with the total number of admission to the 4 wards and 5.7% patients have signs of thrombophlebitis.
Clinical performance on dental mannequin and perceived clinical learning experience of left handed students at Kulliyyah of Dentistry, International Islamic University Malaysia
Authors: Ko Bo Bo , Raid Kais , Han Tin Myo
Published: January 2021

Introduction: Dental equipments are ergonomically designed for the right handed people. Hence left handed students have to adapt to use their right hands with their body position while treating the patients. Methods: It was a cross sectional comparative study. Ten left handed students and ten right handed students were invited for this study. The participants were randomly divided into 4 groups. They were assigned to do class I cavity preparation with the buccal extension and amalgam filling on the artificial tooth 36 on the dental mannequin. Group (1) the right handed students who worked from the right side of the mannequin with the right hand (n=10), group (2) the left handed students who worked from the right side of the mannequin with the right hand (n=10), group (3) the left handed students who worked from the right side of the mannequin with the left hand (n=10) and group (4) the left handed students who worked from the left side of the mannequin with the left hand (n=10). The quality of the cavity and amalgam filling were scored by the expert who had been blinded. Data were statistically analyzed by ANOVA test. The perceived clinical learning experience of left handed students was also evaluated by self administered questionnaires by using likert scales. Results: Mean score of clinical performance on the dental mannequins showed highest in group (4), P value =0.004. Conclusions: Left handed students should be allowed to work up to their hand preference and position
The reliability of an error classification system developed for use by the International Islamic University Malaysia Primary Care Clinic
Authors: Abd Raman Nuur Asikin , Draman Samsul , Adham Taib Ibrahim
Published: January 2021

Introduction: Primary care is often the entry point for patients in a healthcare system. The literature, however suggests that primary care is not as safe as it should be due to medical errors. Because no error classification has been developed for preventing medical errors in Malaysian primary care clinics. Thus, this study aimed to develop an error classification system for use in the International Islamic University Malaysia Primary Care Clinic (IIUMPC) before assessing its reliability and acceptability to potential users. Methods: An error classification system for primary care was developed by merging four existing error classification systems. This cross-sectional study, then recruited 107 healthcare students as participants. Each student had to read 3 case studies on medical errors in primary care before classifying each case using the newly developed error classification system. The students then had to fill in a questionnaire to provide feedback about the classification system. The interrater reliability was then compared using Krippendorff's alpha. Results: Krippendorff’s alpha coefficient computed for Case I was 0.358, Case II was 0.369, while Case III was 0.314. The mean Krippendorff’s alpha coefficient for all three cases was 0.347. 72% of participants indicated their willingness to use the classification system in the future, citing ease of use (48%) among others. Conclusions: Although a new error classification system was successfully developed for use in the IIUMPC, the level of agreement between classifiers was considered low. Nevertheless, the positive responses by the participants warrant the classifications system's improvement.
An Investigation on Cytotoxicity Effect of Putrescine-Sulphur Analogues on Breast Cancer (Mcf-7), Human Lung Adenocarcinoma (A549) and Colorectal Cancer (Hct-8) Cell Lines
Authors: Halim Norsuhana , Abdul Ghani Radiah , Sahabudin Adzly Hairee , Ni Fong Fiona How
Published: January 2021

Introduction: Cancer is one of the global health problems that has a detrimental effect to a person's life. However, chemotherapeutic agents success are subject to the side effects due to lack of specificity in the drug delivery system to cancer cells and an increase risk of systemic toxicity to the normal cells. Polyamine transport system (PTS) is one of the potential pathways for transporting anticancer agent into specific cancer cells. This is due to the upregulation of PTS in cancer cells compared to normal cells for the proliferation activity. The aim of this study was to investigate the cytotoxicity effect of putrescine-sulphur analogues type 1 (PSA-1) and type 2 (PSA-2) on human lung adenocarcinoma cells (A549), human colorectal adenocarcinoma cells (HCT-8) and human breast adenocarcinoma cell (MCF-7). Materials and method: The cytotoxicity effect of newly synthesized PSA-1 and PSA-2 were evaluated on selected cancer cells; MCF-7, A549 and HCT-8 cell lines. The halfmaximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) obtained from tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay was derived from the dose-response graph for all cell lines. Results: PSA-2 elicited cytotoxicity effect, eventhough the IC50 values were not potent with IC50 of 5.4 mM, 5.2 mM and 7.0 mM for MCF-7/48h, A549/48h and HCT-8/48h, respectively. The PSA-1 compound exhibited cytotoxicity effect in all cell lines, however, the compound failed to induce anti-proliferation at the concentration of 3 mM and above. The cytotoxicity of PSA-2 compound against MCF-7 cell lines showed higher potency compared to A549 and HCT-8 cell lines. Conclusion: It was suggested that PSA-2 compound was able to exert cytotoxicity effect against selected cancer cells, in low potency and is deemed for further investigation to increase its effectiveness against specific cancer cells.
An Open Labelled Randomized Clinical Trial of Fluoxetine Versus Dapoxetine Treatment among Men with Premature Ejaculation and its Effect on Marital Satisfaction
Authors: Che Man Mohammad , Mohd Zain Faridah , Yaacob Najib Majdi , Che Alhadi Shahidah , Ismail Shaiful Bahri
Published: January 2021

Introduction:  Premature ejaculation (PE) reduces sexual satisfaction and quality of life. Both SSRI Fluoxetine and Dapoxetine have been used in the treatment of PE. Fluoxetine is used as off-label treatment meanwhile Dapoxetine is the first SSRI specifically designed for PE with short half-life and few side effects. Objectives: To compare the PE symptoms and marital satisfaction score between Fluoxetine and Dapoxetine groups. Materials and method: In this clinical trial, 44 participants aged between 18 and 64 with PEDT score of ≥9 from the Primary Care clinic of Hospital USM, Kelantan were recruited and randomized into two groups; Fluoxetine Group(FG) and Dapoxetine Group(DG). They were prescribed with either daily oral Fluoxetine 20mg or Dapoxetine 30mg on demand twice weekly for 8 weeks. PE symptoms were measured using the Premature Ejaculation Diagnostics Tool(PEDT) score and marital satisfaction score were measured using the Dyadic Satisfaction-Dyadic Adjustment Scale(DS-DAS) score. Measurements were made at baseline and at the 8thweek(post intervention). Results: In FG and DG, 22 and 21 participants completed the study, respectively. PEDT scores reduced significantly within both groups[from 11.41 to 5.45(P<0.001) within FG and from 13.43 to 3.10(P<0.001) within the DG]. At the 8thweek follow-up, PEDT scores was observed to be were lower in DG(6.03 vs. 2.49,P<0.001) after adjustment of the baseline PEDT score. Significantly increased DS-DAS scores were observed in both groups [from 34.50 to 40.68(P<0.001) within FG and from 36.57 to 44.33,(P<0.001) within DG] with no significant difference in DS-DAS scores at the end of study(41.13 vs. 43.86,P=0.055) after adjustment of the baseline DS-DAS score. Conclusion: Reduction in PE symptoms was observed for both groups. At 8 weeks, PE symptoms among participants on Dapoxetine were significantly lower compared to the participants on Fluoxetine at 8 weeks. Treatment of PE with either Fluoxetine or Dapoxetine reduces symptoms of PE and improves marital satisfaction.
Comparison of Biocompatibility and Biodegradability of Poly(Lactic-Co-Glycolic Acid) (Plga) Combined with Autologous Fibrin Versus Plga for Intra-Articular Screw Fixation; An Invivo Study with New Zealand White Rabbits- The Microradiograph Outcome
Authors: Balakrishnan Theenesh , Zulkifli Ahmad Hafiz , Sha'ban Munirah , Mohd Jan Nurul Hafiza , Ibrahim Mohd Zulfadzli , Md Nazir Noorhidayah
Published: January 2021

Introduction: The great potential of biodegradable polymers in orthopaedic surgery is gradually being recognized. PLGA is one of the common polymers used. However, long term outcomes, with regards to PLGA, are still not well documented. Hence, we attempted to study the outcome of PLGA and also its combination with fibrin. Materials and method: Objectives : 1) To compare biocompatibility and biodegradability of polymer (PLGA + fibrin) with PLGA for intra-articular screw fixation 2) to study the imaging microradiograph) features. We used fabricated PLGA scaffolds in combination with autologous fibrin for an in-vivo prospective research. Total of nine New Zealand White Rabbits (NZWR) were operated and the scaffolds were placed at both medial and lateral femoral condyles of the right knee and those with fibrin at the left knee. Post implantation, evaluation was done at 6,12 and 24 weeks (three NZWR in each group). For microradiological assessment, micro CT (Skyscan 1176) was used. Results: The combination of PLGA and fibrin has better biocompatibility, showed faster biodegradation and more quantitative integration of osseous tissues. Conclusion: Biodegradable polymer PLGA with incorporation of fibrin resulted in superior outcome compared to usage of other current biodegradable polymers.
Estimates of Glomerular Filtration Rate by the Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration Equations Best Correlates with Kinetic Estimates of Glomerular Filtration Rates in the Critically Ill
Authors: Md Ralib Azrina , Mohd Hanafiah Farah Nadia , Dzaharudin Fatimah , Abd Ghani Muhammad Rasydan , Ismail Mohd Nizamudin , Mat Nor Mohd Basri
Published: January 2021

Introduction: Kinetic estimate of GFR (keGFR) is a more accurate estimate of GFR in the acute settings with rapidly changing kidney functions. It takes into account the changes of creatinine over time, creatinine production rate, and the volume of distribution, however needs serial measurement of creatinine. We evaluated which methods of the conventional eGFR measurement best correlates with keGFR. This could assist clinicians in using a simpler method of calculation and is useful in the absence of serial plasma creatinine. Materials and method: This is a secondary analysis of prospective observational study. Inclusion criteria includes age more than 18 years old, and exclusion criteria includes ICU admission of less than 48 hours, post elective surgery, and ICU readmission. Plasma creatinine were measured daily for five days, and eGFR were calculated using the Cockcroft-Gault, MDRD, CKD-EPI and keGFR equations. Results: One hundred and forty three patients were analysed, of which 78(54.5%) had AKI. keGFR strongly correlated with eGFRCKD-EPI at all time points (all r≥0.90, p<0.0001). The correlation persisted in both AKI and No AKI patients. keGFR only correlated well with eGFRMDRD and eGFRCG in AKI patients but less in patients without AKI. Bland Altman analysis showed that eGFRMDRD had the least bias, but eGFRCKD-EPI had the greatest precision. Conclusion: The new equation, keGFR strongly correlated with the eGFR by the CKD-EPI equation regardless of the time points and AKI status, and had the greatest precision. In the absence of serial plasma creatinine measurement, eGFR can accurately be estimated by the CKD-EPI equation compared to others.
Model-Based Insulin Sensitivity for Early Diagnosis of Sepsis in Critical Care
Authors: Wan Muhd Shukeri Wan Fadzlina , Md. Ralib Azrina , Jamaludin Ummu Khultum , Mat-Nor Mohd Basri
Published: January 2021

Introduction: Currently, it is almost impossible to diagnose a patient at the onset of sepsis due to the lack of real-time metrics with high sensitivity and specificity. The purpose of the present study is to determine the diagnostic value of model-based insulin sensitivity (SI) as a new sepsis biomarker in critically ill patients, and compare its performance to classical inflammatory parameters. Materials and method: We monitored hourly SI levels in septic (n=19) and non-septic (n=19) critically ill patients in a 24-hour follow-up study. Patients with type I or type II diabetes mellitus were excluded. SI levels were calculated by a validated glycemic control software, STAR TGC (Stochastic TARgeted Tight Glycemic Controller) (Christchurch, NZ). STAR TGC uses a physiological glucose-insulin system model coupled with stochastic models that capture SI variability in real time. Results: The median SI levels were lower in the sepsis group than in the non-sepsis group (1.9 x 10-4 L/mU/min vs 3.7 x 10-4 L/mU/min, P <0.0001). The areas under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) of the model-based SI for distinguishing non-sepsis from sepsis was 0.911, superior to white cells count (AUROC 0.611) and temperature (AUROC 0.618). The optimal cut-off value of the test was 2.9 x 10-4 L/mU/min. At this cut-off value, the sensitivity and specificity was 88.9% and 84.2%, respectively. The positive predictive value was 84.2%, while the negative predictive value was 88.9%. Conclusion: The early and relevant decrease of SI in sepsis suggests that it might be a promising novel biomarker of sepsis in critical care. Low SI is diagnostic of sepsis, while high SI rules out sepsis, and these may be determined non-invasively in real-time from glycemic control protocol data.
Pain Intervention for Trigeminal Neuralgia
Authors: Hadi MA. , Zamzila A. Nor , Rasydan AGM , Suhaila N , Nizamuddin IM
Published: January 2021

In the management of chronic pain, stepwise oral analgesics of graded strength are considered as first-line therapy. Minimally invasive interventional procedures remain an option for its treatment when pharmacological therapy fails to control the pain. We reported three classical cases of chronic trigeminal neuralgia that were managed with two types of pain intervention approaches after failing conservative management. In the first case, percutaneous pulse radiofrequency was directed directly to the trigeminal nerve while the other two patients were approached through Gasserian Ganglion. The first method used a traditional technique of pulse radiofrequency approaches. The nerve was identified using sensory stimulation and pulse radiofrequency was delivered once the nerve was confirmed. The second method was similar to the first one but with different approach. Under fluoroscopic control, a radiofrequency needle was introduced into the cheek’s skin ipsilateral to the pain. The needle was directed towards the cranial base in front of the foramen ovale. The success of a trigeminal nerve block depends on proper identification of the anatomic landmarks and the nerve itself. The two different approaches of pain interventions offer more than 50% pain reduction. The trigeminal nerve approaches offer less risk as compared to Gasserian ganglion which is nearer to the brainstem and subarachnoid area. These procedures offer the ability to limit the sensory deficit to a preselected region of the face and to produce hypoalgesia or analgesia without anesthesia.
Perception of Diabetes Control Among Patients with Poor Glycated Hemoglobin
Authors: Arif Shahar Mohammad , Faiz Tahir Mohd , Marzuki Omar Ahmad
Published: January 2021

Introduction: Despite advances in the management of diabetes, the rate of control of diabetes in the population remains modest. Perception of diabetes control is a key to patient empowerment. The aim of this study was to describe the perception of diabetes control among patient with poorly controlled diabetes. Materials and method: A cross sectional study was done involving 276 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in the out-patient settings. After obtaining an informed consent, the socio-demography and medical history of each patient was recorded. Their most recent available blood investigations were documented. Patients were then asked on their perception of diabetes control whether it was excellent, moderate or poor. Analyses were descriptive and exploratory. Results: The median age of subjects was 56.0 (48.0,62.0) years old, with a median duration of diabetes of 8 (4,13) years. The median HbA1C was 9.5 (8.3,11.4)% with a fasting blood sugar of 9.7 (7.1,13.8) mmol/L. Despite having poor HbA1C, 28.4% of patients perceived that their diabetes control was excellent; 58.9% perceived moderate and only 12.7% accurately perceived poor control. The reverse relationship between perception of disease and education may indicate that other factors such as effective communication might need to be considered. The absence of association between perception and duration of diabetes may suggest that information given to patient over the years had poor impact on their understanding of disease control. Conclusion: This study demonstrated that there was presence of discordance between perception of diabetes control and HbA1C. Identifying the discordance between perception of diabetes control and HbA1C should be the first step in delivering a personalized diabetes education for patient.
Preliminary in Vivo Evaluation of Bone Healing in Critical Size Bone Defects Implanted with an Injectable Calcium Phosphate Bone Cement (Osteopaste)
Authors: Che Seman Che Nor Zarida , Zakaria Zamzuri , Buyong Zunariah , Awang Mohd Shukrimi , Md Raghib Ahmad Razali Md Ralib @
Published: January 2021

Introduction: A novel injectable calcium phosphate bone cement (osteopaste) has been developed. Its potential application in orthopaedics as a filler of bone defects has been studied. The biomaterial was composed of tetra-calcium phosphate (TTCP) and tricalcium phosphate (TCP) powder. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the healing process of osteopaste in rabbit tibia. Materials and method: The implantation procedure was carried out on thirty-nine of New Zealand white rabbits. The in vivo bone formation was investigated by either implanting the Osteopaste, Jectos or MIIG – X3 into a critical size defect (CSD) model in the proximal tibial metaphysis. CSD without treatment served as negative control. After 1 day, 6 and 12 weeks, the rabbits were euthanized, the bone were harvested and subjected for analysis. Results: Radiological images and histological sections revealed integration of implants with bone tissue with no signs of graft rejection. There was direct contact between osteopaste material and host bone. The new bone was seen bridging the defect. Conclusion: The result showed that Osteopaste could be a new promising biomaterial for bone repair and has a potential in bone tissue engineering.
The Identification of Copy Number Variation of Cnv Esv27061 among Young Adults with Hypertension: Preliminary Findings
Authors: Alaudeen Siti Radziah Shaik , Mohd Shah Azarisman Shah , Abdul Talib Norlelawati , Abdullah Aszrin
Published: January 2021

Introduction: Hypertension related morbidities and mortalities around the world show a gradual increase and early detection and prevention are advocated. The Database of Genomic Variants (DGV) has associated variation in DNA sequences called copy number variation (CNV) with susceptibility to common diseases. However, little is known about CNV role in essential hypertension. Thus, this study aimed to characterize the CNV esv27061 among prehypertensive and hypertensive young adults in Malaysia. Materials and method: In this comparative cross-sectional study, 104 subjects living in Kuantan who gave voluntary consent to participate are recruited and divided into three groups; control (43 subjects), prehypertensive (38 subjects) and mild hypertensive (23 subjects). An optimized droplet digital polymerase chain reaction (ddPCR) was used in the determination of CNV esv27061 in this study. Results: All subjects in the control (n=38; 88.4% gain), prehypertensive (n=33; 86.8% gain) and mild hypertensive (n=21; 91.3% gain) groups had CNV gain (copy number > 2) while 11.6% of control, 13.2% of prehypertensive and 8.7% of mild hypertensive subjects exhibited normal copies (copy number = 2). Conclusion: The present preliminary finding was consistent with the Database of Genomic Variants (DGV) which stated that CNV esv27061 showed more gain than loss.
Voxel-Based Morphometry Analysis of Gray Matter on Quran Memorizers
Authors: Jamaludin Iqbal , Che Azemin Mohd Zulfaezal , Sapuan Abdul Halim , Hassan Radhiana
Published: January 2021

Introduction: The brain is the most complex organ in the human body. Robust and vigorous daily activities may cause changes to the brain structure. Huffaz, individuals who memorise the Quran undergo intensive memorization training which may lead to structural changes in specific regions of the brain. Materials and method: This study looked at possible change that occurred on gray matter by characterising the textual memorization of brain structure using voxel-based morphometry (VBM). It involves voxel-by-voxel comparison of gray matter intensity of the MRI images. Forty-seven subjects (23 huffaz, 24 non-huffaz) aged between 21-25 years were voluntarily recruited. Subjects were scanned by 3 Tesla MRI system. Images were then re-aligned according to standardised Montreal Neurological Institute (MNI) coordinates. The MRIs were then segmented into gray matter, white matter and cerebrospinal fluid. Independent sample t-test was performed between the two groups. Results: No significant difference was found between the brain region of the huffaz and non-huffaz with appropriate corrections for family-wise error (FWE) at a threshold of p = 0.05. However, with a more lenient criteria (p = 0.001, uncorrected, cluster size = 50 mm3 ), we found that gray matter volume in Brodmann Area 6 and Brodmann Area 7 of the huffaz were significantly higher than the non-huffaz group. Conclusion: VBM is not sensitive enough to detect complex anatomical differences between huffaz and non-huffaz with the current sample size. Future study to explore possible image processing tools that can measure subtle structural change in human brain is warranted.
An Audit Of The Referral Letter Received At Klinik Pakar Orthodontik Jln Abd Samad
Authors: Mohamed Zini Suryati Hartini , Nordin Nisreen
Published: January 2021

Introduction: The objectives of this study were to determine the prevalence and the pattern of hypodontia among orthodontic patients in Klinik Pergigian Jalan Sultan Mahmud, Kuala Terengganu. Materials and Methods: This was a retrospective study where 351 orthodontic patients records (comprises of 104 males and 247 females), were reviewed. The records were evaluated by a trained dental officer between October 2016 and June 2017. The Chi-square and Fisher's Exact Tests were carried out for statistical analysis. Results: The prevalence of hypodontia was 10.8%. Thirty-eight (38) patients were found to have at least a single missing tooth. A significant difference was found between males and females having hypodontia (p = 0.048). No significant difference was found for hypodontia patients by races (p = 0.829). The maxillary lateral incisor was the most frequently missing tooth followed by mandibular second premolar and mandibular lateral incisor. Hypodontia cases observed, tended to be more likely occurred in the upper left arch compared to the lower arch. The majority of hypodontia patients had a single missing tooth, but rarely more than 3 missing teeth. Hypodontia patients had mainly Class III malocclusion, however no statistically significant difference was found (p = 0.081). Conclusion(s): The prevalence of hypodontia of this study was within the range of what is being reported in the literature and showed gender significant. In this sample, hypodontia mainly involved maxillary lateral incisors; more prevalent in the upper arch; and mostly observed in patients with Class III malocclusion. Early detection and accurate diagnosis are essential. Therefore, alternative treatment modalities can be well planned under multidisciplinary team approach in restoring the aesthetic and function.
Analysis Of MYO1H Single Nucleotide Polymorphism In Class III Malocclusion With Mandibular Prognathism: A Preliminary Study
Authors: Yahya Siti Nazirah , Abdul Razak Nurul Syafiqah , Abu Bakar Noraini , Mokhtar Khairani Idah , Kharuddin Azrul Fazwan
Published: January 2021

Introduction: Evidence suggests that several genes; including MYO1H, play an important role in the etiology of Class III malocclusion. Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in marker rs10850110 (locus 12q24.11) within MYO1H gene has been associated with the incidence of mandibular prognathism (MP). MYO is a class 1 myosin that is responsible for the synthesis of Matrilin-1; an important protein involved in the formation of cartilage's extracellular matrix, hence is implicated in the formation of mandibular condyle cartilage. This study aimed to detect the presence of MYO1H (rs10850110) SNP and to determine its genotype and allele distribution in MP patient in the local population. Materials and Methods: The sample comprises of 31 patients; 14 patients from class I malocclusion (control samples) and 17 patients from class III malocclusion (MP). Cephalometric measurements were performed prior to saliva samples collection. The DNA was amplified using the specific primers for the marker rs10850110 and the genotyping was done by sequencing. Chi-square test was used to determine the over-representation of marker allele (p<0.05). Results:  Presence of MYO1H SNP (rs10850110) was detected in local population analysed and the distribution of its genotype and allele could be observed. There were significant differences between allele (p=0.000) and genotype (p=0.000) frequency within control (Class I) and Class III malocclusion. Conclusion(s):  Our findings are in agreement with previous studies suggesting positive influence of MYO1H (rs10850110) SNP in the incidence of MP. Further studies should be developed in order to understand the exact role and mechanism of MYO1H in different classes of malocclusions.
Anti-Cancer Activity Of Luvunga Scandens Extract Against Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Shaban Sama Naziyah , Icwan Solachuddin , Bakhtiar Muhamamd Taher
Published: January 2021

Introduction: Squamous cell carcinoma is reported as one of the most common types of cancer with increasing numbers of occurrence. Luvunga scandens is a plant possessing many bioactivities and general health effects, yet its anti-proliferative effect is under reported and need to be scientifically evaluated. Materials and Methods: MTT assay was used to assess the cytotoxicity of the plant against human squamous carcinoma cells in addition to the safety assessment for human dermal fibroblast cell line (HDF). The morphological changes of L. scandens treated squamous carcinoma cells has been confirmed by SEM, the apoptosis of the plant against squamous carcinoma cells has been tested using caspase 3/7 assay, followed by cell cycle analysis done using a flowcytometer on squamous carcinoma cells treated with the IC50 dose of L. scandens plant. Results: The plant's extract possesses cytotoxic effect against squamous carcinoma cells with IC50 readings; (methanol= 37.5 mg/mL, dichloromethane= 38 mg/mL, hexane= 37.5 mg/mL), and safe on HDF cells. The SEM results demonstrate that L. scandens treated cells showed an overall change in the cell shape, alteration of surface morphology, absence of microvilli and appearance of blebs. Caspase 3/7 assay results show that L. scandens dichloromethane extract produces the highest level of apoptosis against squamous carcinoma cells. For cell cycle analysis, all the L. scandens treated squamous carcinoma cells show high readings in the sub-G1 phase. Conclusion(s): This in vitro study has proved that L. scandens plant exhibit anti-proliferative effects against Squamous carcinoma cells, hence, it can be considered as a new promising potential anti-cancer therapy.
Determination Of RUNX2 Single Nucleotide Polymorphism rs6930053 In Class I, II And III Malocclusions
Authors: Mokhtar Khairani Idah , Abu Bakar Noraini , Kharuddin Azrul Fazwan
Published: January 2021

Introduction: Runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2) plays important roles in osteoblast differentiation, tooth development and chondrocyte maturation; hence its involvement in craniofacial development is paramount. Mutation in RUNX2 is implicated with cleidocranial dysplasia; a bone development disorder, while single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in RUNX2 is associated with Class II/2 malocclusion. This study aimed to determine RUNX2 SNP of DNA marker (rs6930053) in malocclusion patients from local population. Materials and Methods: Genomic DNA were extracted from unstimulated saliva of 31 Class I (control samples), 30 Class II and 30 Class III malocclusion patients. Cephalometric measurements were performed prior to saliva samples collection. The DNA was amplified using the specific primers for marker rs6930053 and the genotyping was done by sequencing. Chi-square test was used to determine differences in allele and genotype frequencies (p<0.05). Results:  No significant differences were observed in RUNX2 SNP (rs8004560) in Class I and Class III malocclusion. However, there were significant differences between allele (p=0.000) and genotype (p=0.000) frequency within Class II alone; while significant differences was detected only in allele frequency between control and Class II malocclusion (p=0.019). Conclusion(s):  There is genetic association between RUNX2 (rs6930053) in Class II malocclusion in our population. Further studies involving larger number of samples and other DNA markers of RUNX2 gene should be developed in order to understand the exact role and mechanism of RUNX2 in different classes of malocclusions.
Comparing Two Views Of Video Demonstration For Access Cavity Preparation: A QuasiRandomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Cheen Amy Liew Kia , Dabbour Hazem , Abdullah Dalia
Published: January 2021

Introduction: Demonstration of the access cavity preparation procedures to dental students is challenging due to the limited operating field and detailed nature of the procedures. It is especially difficult to visualize how instruments are functioning inside the pulp space. The aim of this study was to develop and compare two different views of video demonstration in teaching access cavity preparation. Materials and Methods: Two videos of access cavity preparation were filmed, showing occlusal view of a whole tooth (WT) and sagittal view of a sectioned tooth (ST). Using quasirandomization, third year dental students (n=57) were divided into two groups to watch either one of the videos. The perception and performance of both groups were compared using Mann-Whitney U test and Fisher exact test. Results: At baseline, group WT (n=29) and group ST (n=28) were not significantly different in terms of operative scores (p=0.330). After watching the videos, the basic understanding of the theories were similar between both groups. However, ST responded more positively towards the helpfulness of the video in visualizing the inner anatomy of the tooth and in implementing the procedures (p<0.05). ST also completed the exercise within a shorter time (p<0.001). Nevertheless, the quality of the prepared access cavities was not significantly different between groups. Conclusion(s): Using sagittal view of sectioned tooth in video demonstration of access cavity preparation can improve students learning and performance speed. We highly recommend showing the sagittal view of sectioned tooth in video demonstration of access cavity preparation.
Mandibular Advancement By Distraction Osteogenesis For Obstructive Sleep Apnea In Patient With Pierre Robin Sequence: A Case Report
Authors: Yunos Mohamed Hisham Mohamed Jali @ , Abdul Rahman Shaifulizan , Shaari Ramizu
Published: January 2021

Introduction: Pierre Robin Sequence (PRS) is a condition consists of set of anomalies, which are cleft palate, micrognathia and glossoptopsis. Management of patients with PRS addresses two main problems, namely airway obstruction and feeding difficulties. Airway obstruction may lead to obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). Treatment modalities for OSA are based on the causes. There are surgical and non-surgical methods. Non-surgical methods such as diet, medication, oral appliances and continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) can only be employed in moderate cases. Surgical method such as maxillo-mandibular advancement or expansion can be achieved by orthognathic surgery or distraction osteogenesis. We present a case report of successful management of airway in a 23-year old lady who has a PRS features with severe OSA. In our case, the respiratory obstruction that was caused by retrognathic and hypoplastic mandible has been corrected successfully with distraction osteogenesis and the OSA was found to be improved tremendously.
Mandibular Morphology Differences Between Edentulous And Dentate Assessed By Panoramic Radiographs
Authors: Nainggolan Lidya Irani , Girsang Aude Layakni
Published: January 2021

Introduction: Facial profile can be influenced by edentulous condition that can change mandibular morphology that can affect mastication, digestion and psychosocial life. Edentulism causes absence of occlusal mechanical stimulus, decrease the activity of mastication muscles and increase mandibular bone resorption. These changes can be assessed using panoramic radiography by looking at the vertical dimension of the head of the condyle and its shape, ramus, and the angle of the mandible. The aim of the study was to assess the mean value and differences of mandibular morphology in edentulous and dentate patients using panoramic radiography. Materials and Methods: This was an analytical study with cross-sectional approach using purposive sampling methods. 50 dentate and edentulous patients who came to Dentistry Hospital of University of Sumatera Utara were used as sample. Data analysis was done using Independent T test and MannWhitney test. Results: Results showed that the average value of gonial angle, ramus height, condylar height, antegonial notch depth and ramus notch depth in edentulous patients were 125,38 ± 9,51; 35.98mm ± 4.26; 5.58mm ± 0.90; 2.11mm ± 1.04; and 2.73mm ± 0, 88, and the results showed that the average value of mandibular morphology in dentate patients were 123.34 ± 7.07; 38.15mm ± 3.23; 6.95mm ± 1.25; 1.41mm ± 0.77; and 2.15mm ± 0.59. Conclusion(s): There were significant differences in the values of ramus height, condylar height, antegonial notch depth, and ramus notch depth. Difference was also found in gonial angle value, but was not statistically significant.
Natal Tooth With Riga Fede Disease: A Case Report
Authors: Jamani Nurjasmine Aida , Ardini Yunita Dewi , Harun Nor Asilah
Published: January 2021

Introduction: Natal tooth and neonatal tooth is a rare occurrence but can have a significant impact on lactation. A 45-day-old baby girl was referred for problem with breastfeeding. Her mother complained of painful nipple during nursing for the past two weeks. Physical examination of the mother's breast and nipple revealed normal findings. Examination of the baby's oral cavity revealed a natal tooth over the mandibular anterior region, small in size, whitish opaque in colour and exhibiting grade 1mobility. There was a whitish ulcer over the ventral aspect of the tongue. A diagnosis of natal tooth in association with Riga Fede disease was made. The baby underwent tooth extraction under topical anesthesia. Subsequently, breastfeeding was able to be continued without any problem. Hence, extraction of natal tooth should be individualized and properly assessed.
Non-Syndromic Tooth Agenesis: Pattern And Distribution In Permanent Dentition Among IIUM Dental Polyclinic Patient
Authors: Fauzi Nurul Hasyiqin , Lestari Widya , Kharuddin Azrul Fazwan , Ardini Yunita Dewi
Published: January 2021

Introduction: Non-syndromic tooth agenesis defined as developmental absence of more than one tooth that appears as independent congenital oral trait. Its prevalence, pattern and distribution rates vary by populations. The aim of this study was to identify the pattern and distribution of tooth agenesis in permanent dentition among IIUM dental polyclinic patients. Materials and Methods: 3481 patients aged 12 to 60 years who attended IIUM Dental Polyclinic from April 2016 until April 2017 was evaluated. 33 hypodontia and 2 oligodontia were ruled out. Patients were required to undergo clinical and radiographic examinations. Results: On an average, two teeth were missing per patients. Excluding third molar, the prevalence of population under study was 1.005%. Half of the total cases showed missing a single tooth (45.7%), whereas the others ranged from two until nine. The most common missing tooth in maxillary and/or mandibular are lateral incisors (28%) followed by second premolars (26.67%) and first premolars (25.33%). There was no significance difference in missing tooth between male and female (p=0.48). More missing teeth identified at maxilla (54.67%) compared to mandible (45.33%). More teeth were found missing on the right side (54.67%), on the posterior region (53.33%) and also unilaterally (71.42%). Tooth anomalies such as peg-shaped tooth (8.57%) and microdontia (5.71%) were found in some cases. Conclusion(s): In conclusion, mild hypodontia is considered as the most common tooth agenesis. The prevalence studied population was less than the previous studies in Malaysia and lateral incisors were identified as the most common missing tooth.
ANÁLISE DE PRÁTICAS ARGUMENTATIVAS ATRAVÉS DO PADRÃO DE TOULMIN (TAP) NO DESENVOLVIMENTO DE PROJETOS NAS AULAS DE FÍSICA
Authors: Borges Juliana Rosa Alves , Ustra Sandro Rogério Vargas
Published: January 2021

Foram abordados resultados de uma análise de práticas argumentativas dos estudantes durante o desenvolvimento de projetos de investigação que ocorreram nas aulas de física do Ensino Médio. Considerando se tratar da atuação da própria professora pesquisadora, utilizamos princípios da pesquisa-ação tendo como alvo as interações professora/alunos numa perspectiva de Ensino por Investigação. O objetivo principal foi verificar a eficácia das metodologias aplicadas tanto em relação aos aspectos pedagógicos quanto à avaliação dos argumentos estudantis. Neste contexto, a turma foi organizada em grupos segundo o tema a ser investigado. A partir de um tópico inicial cada grupo formulou seu problema de pesquisa e planejou as atividades necessárias para sua realização. A ajuda ajustada aos discentes foi planejada a partir de uma sondagem sobre os conhecimentos prévios dos alunos. As atividades dos grupos contou com a monitoria presencial e virtual da professora. Os dados foram coletados na apresentação de seminários através da gravação de áudios. Na análise do material usamos o Padrão Argumentativo de Toulmin. Destaca-se a consolidação do protagonismo estudantil, o desenvolvimento da qualidade argumentativa nesse contexto do EI e a importância do TAP para a avaliação do trabalho pedagógico pela professora. Propõe-se também uma discussão/reflexão sobre os sentidos dados à prática docente e sua articulação com iniciativas de compreendê-la e promover a melhoria do aprendizado em Física.