bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sirtuin1 in Spinal Cord Injury: Regulatory Mechanisms, Microenvironment Remodeling and Therapeutic Potential
Authors: Li Jinze , Cui Shengyu , Li Yanqiu , Zhang Can , Chang Chao , Jian Fengzeng
Published: February 2025

Background

Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a complex central nervous system disorder characterized by multifaceted pathological processes, including inflammation, oxidative stress, programmed cell death, autophagy, and mitochondrial dysfunction. Sirtuin 1 (Sirt1), a critical NAD+‐dependent deacetylase, has emerged as a promising therapeutic target for SCI repair due to its potential to protect neurons, regulate glial and vascular cells, and optimize the injury microenvironment. However, the regulatory roles of Sirt1 in SCI are complex and challenging, as its effects vary depending on activation timing, expression levels, and cell types.

Methods

A systematic literature review was conducted using PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science to identify studies investigating Sirt1 in SCI. Relevant publications were analyzed to synthesize current evidence on Sirt1's mechanisms, therapeutic effects, and challenges in SCI repair.

Results

Sirt1 exerts broad regulatory effects across diverse pathological processes and cell types post‐SCI. It promotes neuronal survival and axonal regeneration, modulates astrocytes and microglia to resolve inflammation, supports oligodendrocyte‐mediated myelination, and enhances vascular endothelial function. Proper Sirt1 activation may mitigate secondary injury, whereas excessive or prolonged activation could impair inflammatory resolution or disrupt cellular homeostasis. This review highlights Sirt1 activation as potential therapies, but challenges include optimizing spatiotemporal activation and addressing dual roles in different cell types.

Conclusion

Targeting Sirt1 represents a viable strategy for SCI repair, given its multifaceted regulation of neuroprotection, immunomodulation, and tissue remodeling. However, translating these findings into therapies requires resolving critical issues such as cell type‐specific delivery, precise activation timing, and dosage control. This review provides a theoretical foundation and practical insights for advancing Sirt1‐based treatments for SCI.
Ciliary IFT‐B Transportation Plays an Important Role in Human Endometrial Receptivity Establishment and is Disrupted in Recurrent Implantation Failure Patients
Authors: Yang Haoxuan , Zhang Jing , Yan Fei , Chen Yihong , Wu Yang , Luo Jiaxin , Duan Lian , Zou Juan , Guo Juncen , Pang Jiyun , Dinnyes Andras , Zeng Jiuzhi , Liu Weixin , Wang Chi Chiu , Lin Yi , Xiao Xue , Zhao Xiaomiao , Xu Wenming
Published: February 2025

The lack of accurate understanding of cellular physiology and pathophysiology during the WOI constitutes the major obstacle to correct diagnosis and treatment for patients with recurrent implantation failure (RIF). The role of cilia as one of the key organelles in endometrial epithelium has been poorly understood during embryo implantation. In this study, the morphological and molecular changes of endometrial cilia regulated by hormones were demonstrated in endometrial epithelial organoid models. Multi‐omics studies revealed highly relevant cilia‐related activities like cilia movement during endometrial receptivity establishment. Interestingly, both in vitro model and in vivo patient data have shown that the apical part of cilium formed a cilia‐derived spherical structure after hormone stimulation. We also found intraflagellar transport (IFT) train multi‐subunit complex B (IFT‐B) was aggregated in the sphere during the implantation window. Meanwhile mitochondria localization signal increased at the cilia basement. Proteomics and the functional assay showed the deficiency of energy metabolism in RIF patients and cilia formation abnormalities. The abnormal energy supply resulted in the failure of vesicle transport by deficiency of IFT‐B location, ultimately leading to the failure of receptivity establishment. Our study revealed the essential role of endometrial cilia in embryo implantation and indicated that mitochondrial metabolism was crucial for normal ciliogenesis and embryo implantation.
Erwerbstätigkeit, Arbeitsfähigkeit und Krankenstand bei Patienten mit Melanom im ersten Jahr nach der Diagnose
Authors: Dugas‐Breit Susanne , Dugas Martin , Schulze Hans‐Joachim
Published: February 2025

Hintergrund

Das maligne Melanom betrifft jüngere Berufstätige. In dieser Studie wurden Arbeitsfähigkeit und Krankenstand innerhalb eines Jahres nach Diagnosestellung untersucht, sowie der Einfluss von Rehabilitations‐ und psychoonkologischen Maßnahmen betrachtet.

Patienten und Methodik

An dieser monozentrischen, prospektiven Beobachtungsstudie nahmen 221 Patienten (62,4% weiblich) im Alter von 19 bis 65 Jahren teil. 78,5% hatten zu Beginn Tumorstadium IB oder niedriger. Die routinemäßige klinische Dokumentation, Berufsanamnese, Arbeitsfähigkeit, subjektive Prognose der Beschäftigung sowie der Bedarf an und Zufriedenheit mit Rehabilitationsmaßnahmen wurden wiederholt erhoben.

Ergebnisse

181 Patienten (82%) waren bei Erstvorstellung erwerbstätig, 172 (78%) beim letzten Besuch. Etwa 75% der Patienten schätzten ihre Arbeitsfähigkeit zunächst als „mäßig“ ein, und hatten bis zu 9 Krankheitstage. Im darauffolgenden Jahr nahmen die Krankheitstage bei Patienten im Stadium IB und IIA signifikant zu (p = 0,044), bei Patienten im Stadium IIB und höher hoch signifikant (p < 0,001). Psychoonkologische Beratung (24%) und Rehabilitation (18%) änderten die signifikant schlechter eingeschätzte Arbeitsfähigkeit dieser Patienten nicht.

Schlussfolgerungen

Das Melanom beeinträchtigt die Arbeitsfähigkeit, auch in Tumorstadien ohne Lymphknotenbefall oder Fernmetastasen. Kontrollierte klinische Studien wären sinnvoll, um den Erfolg von Rehabilitationsmaßnahmen und psychoonkologischen Interventionen bei Patienten mit Melanom zu evaluieren.
Evidenz‐ und konsensbasierte (S3) Leitlinie: Management der Urethritis bei männlichen* Jugendlichen und Erwachsenen
Authors: Werner Ricardo Niklas , Vader Isabell , Abunijela Susan , Bickel Markus , Biel Anika , Boesecke Christoph , Branke Lisa , Bremer Viviane , Brockmeyer Norbert Hermann , Buder Susanne , Esser Stefan , Heuer Ruben , Köhn Frank‐Michael , Mais Andrea , Nast Alexander , Pennitz Antonia , Potthoff Anja , Rasokat Heinrich , Sabranski Michael , Schellberg Sven , Schmidt Axel Jeremias , Schmidt Sebastian , Schneidewind Laila , Schubert Sören , Schulte Caroline , Spinner Christoph , Spornraft‐Ragaller Petra , Sunderkötter Cord , Vester Udo , Zeyen Christoph , Jansen Klaus
Published: February 2025

Die Urethritis ist ein häufiges, überwiegend durch sexuell übertragene Erreger wie Chlamydia trachomatis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae oder Mycoplasma genitalium verursachtes Krankheitsbild. Alleine aufgrund klinischer Merkmale ist die Unterscheidung der Erreger und der Ausschluss von Koinfektionen nicht sicher möglich. In der praktischen Versorgungssituation wird jedoch oftmals, noch vor dem Erregernachweis, eine empirische antibiotische Therapie durchgeführt. Ziel dieser evidenzbasierten S3‐Leitline ist die Förderung einer rationalen Syndrom‐orientierten Herangehensweise an das klinische Management männlicher Jugendlicher und Erwachsener mit Symptomen einer Urethritis.

Neben Empfehlungen für Diagnostik, Klassifikation und Therapie beinhaltet die Leitlinie Empfehlungen zur Indikationsstellung für die empirische antibiotische Behandlung der penilen Urethritis. Neu gegenüber vorbestehenden, erregerspezifischen Leitlinien ist unter anderem das Flowchart für das Syndrom‐orientierte praktische Management. Bei Indikation zur empirischen Behandlung und Verdacht auf eine gonorrhoische Urethritis soll Ceftriaxon angewandt werden. Zusätzlich sollte, aufgrund des Risikos für eine Koinfektion mit Chlamydia trachomatis, Doxycyclin verordnet werden, es sei denn, eine Wiedervorstellung zur Behandlung möglicher Koinfektionen ist gesichert. Bei Verdachtsdiagnose einer nichtgonorrhoischen Urethritis soll die empirische Therapie mit Doxycyclin erfolgen. Azithromycin ist zur empirischen Behandlung der gonorrhoischen und nichtgonorrhoischen penilen Urethritis nur einzusetzen, wenn Kontraindikationen gegenüber Doxycyclin bestehen. Detaillierte Empfehlungen zur Differenzialdiagnostik, erregerspezifischen Behandlungen, spezifischen Situationen und zur Beratung und Nachsorge finden sich in der Leitlinie.
Climate Shame: What Is It, Does It Matter, and How Do We Handle It?
Authors: Christoffersen Mikkel Gabriel
Published: February 2025

The green transition touches most aspects of contemporary human lives, including their emotions. This article explores one particular climate emotion, namely shame, asking three interrelated questions: What is climate shame? How does climate shame contribute to the green transition? And within which Christian theological context might we handle climate shame when we experience it? For each question, the article employs different methods, thereby combining phenomenology, ethics, and systematic theology. By exploring climate shame, the article contributes to an interdisciplinary theological understanding of our emotional life in the green transition.
The relationship of plasma glucose, stress hyperglycaemia and glycated haemoglobin with intermediate‐term mortality after acute myocardial infarction in patients with and without diabetes
Authors: Montebello Annalisa , Agius Martina , Grech Martina , Maniscalco Nicoletta , Kenkovski Ivana , Fava Stephen
Published: February 2025

Aims

Admission hyperglycaemia is an adverse prognostic indicator in the setting of acute myocardial infarction. It is unclear if this is because of previously undiagnosed diabetes, due to admission plasma glucose being a marker of a greater stress hormone response and therefore a more severe event, or due to a detrimental effect of high blood glucose on the myocardium.

Methods

We performed retrospective analysis of a cohort of 430 participants admitted with a diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction. We investigated the relation of admission plasma glucose, glycated haemoglobin, stress hyperglycaemia ratio and a novel parameter; the stress hyperglycaemia index, to mortality by Cox regression analyses. The stress hyperglycaemia index is the difference between the admission glucose and glucose estimated from HbA1c.

Results

We included 430 participants who were followed for a median of 2.5 years. The stress hyperglycaemia index was associated with increased mortality in patients with diabetes in both univariate and multivariate analyses. Admission glucose was associated with mortality in subjects with diabetes in univariate analysis and after adjustment of age and sex, but not after adjusting for eGFR. There was no significant association between admission glucose and mortality in subjects without diabetes. HbA1c was not associated with mortality in either patient group in both univariate and multivariate analyses.

Conclusion

Our results suggest a possible detrimental effect of hyperglycaemia in the setting of an acute myocardial infarction.
A Trade‐Off Between Antimicrobial Peptide Resistance and Sensitivity to Host Immune Effectors in Staphylococcus aureus In Vivo
Authors: El Shazely Baydaa , Rolff Jens
Published: February 2025

Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are essential immune effectors of multicellular organisms. Bacteria can evolve resistance to AMPs. Surprisingly, when used to challenge the yellow mealworm beetle, Tenebrio molitor, Staphylococcus aureus resistant to an abundant AMP (tenecin 1) of the very same host species did not increase host mortality or bacterial load compared to infections with wild‐type S. aureus. A possible explanation is that antimicrobial resistance is costly due to the collaterally increased sensitivity of AMP‐resistant strains to other immune effectors. Here, we study the sensitivity of a group of AMP‐resistant S. aureus strains (resistant to tenecin 1 or a combination of tenecin 1 + 2) to other immune effectors such as phenoloxidase and other AMPs in vivo. Using RNAi‐based knockdown, we investigate S. aureus survival in insect hosts lacking selected immune effectors. We find that all except one AMP‐resistant strain displayed collateral sensitivity toward phenoloxidase. Some AMP‐resistant strains show sensitivity to components of the yellow mealworm beetle AMP defense cocktail. Our findings are consistent with the idea that resistance to AMPs does not translate into changes in virulence because it is balanced by the collaterally increased sensitivity to other host immune effectors. AMP resistance fails to provide a net survival advantage to S. aureus in a host environment that is dominated by AMPs.
No‐Reference Image Quality Assessment: Past, Present, and Future
Authors: Mao Qingyu , Liu Shuai , Li Qilei , Jeon Gwanggil , Kim Hyunbum , Camacho David
Published: February 2025

No‐reference image quality assessment (NR‐IQA) has garnered significant attention due to its critical role in various image processing applications. This survey provides a comprehensive and systematic review of NR‐IQA methods, datasets, and challenges, offering new perspectives and insights for the field. Specifically, we propose a novel taxonomy for NR‐IQA methods based on distortion scenarios and design principles, which distinguishes this work from previous surveys. Representative methods within each category are thoroughly examined, with a focus on their strengths, limitations, and performance characteristics. Additionally, we review 20 widely used NR‐IQA datasets that serve as benchmarks for evaluating these methods, providing detailed information on the number of images, distortion types, and distortion levels for each dataset. Furthermore, we identify and discuss key challenges currently faced by NR‐IQA methods, such as handling diverse and complex distortions, ensuring generalisation across datasets and devices, and achieving real‐time performance. We also suggest potential future research directions to address these issues. In summary, this survey offers a comprehensive and systematic examination of NR‐IQA methods, datasets, and challenges, offering valuable insights and guidance for researchers and practitioners working in the NR‐IQA domain.
Combining Eddy Covariance Towers, Field Measurements, and the MEMS 2 Ecosystem Model Improves Confidence in the Climate Impacts of Bioenergy With Carbon Capture and Storage
Authors: Falvo Grant , Zhang Yao , Abraha Michael , Mosier Samantha , Su Yahn‐Jauh , Lei Cheyenne , Chen Jiquan , Cotrufo M. Francesca , Robertson G. Philip
Published: February 2025

Carbon dioxide removal technologies such as bioenergy with carbon capture and storage (BECCS) are required if the effects of climate change are to be reversed over the next century. However, BECCS demands extensive land use change that may create positive or negative radiative forcing impacts upstream of the BECCS facility through changes to in situ greenhouse gas fluxes and land surface albedo. When quantifying these upstream climate impacts, even at a single site, different methods can give different estimates. Here we show how three common methods for estimating the net ecosystem carbon balance of bioenergy crops established on former grassland or former cropland can differ in their central estimates and uncertainty. We place these net ecosystem carbon balance forcings in the context of associated radiative forcings from changes to soil N2O and CH4 fluxes, land surface albedo, embedded fossil fuel use, and geologically stored carbon. Results from long term eddy covariance measurements, a soil and plant carbon inventory, and the MEMS 2 process‐based ecosystem model all agree that establishing perennials such as switchgrass or mixed prairie on former cropland resulted in net negative radiative forcing (i.e., global cooling) of −26.5 to −39.6 fW m−2 over 100 years. Establishing these perennials on former grassland sites had similar climate mitigation impacts of −19.3 to −42.5 fW m−2. However, the largest climate mitigation came from establishing corn for BECCS on former cropland or grassland, with radiative forcings from −38.4 to −50.5 fW m−2, due to its higher plant productivity and therefore more geologically stored carbon. Our results highlight the strengths and limitations of each method for quantifying the field scale climate impacts of BECCS and show that utilizing multiple methods can increase confidence in the final radiative forcing estimates.
GGR Handbook of Rock and Mineral Analysis Chapter 2 (Part 1) Analysis of Geological Materials – 1: Sample Preparation Methods
Authors: Robinson Philip
Published: February 2025

This chapter (Analysis of Geological Materials – 1: Sample Preparation Methods) is a contribution to the Geostandards and Geoanalytical Research Handbook of Rock and Mineral Analysis – an online textbook that is a fully revised and updated edition of A Handbook of Silicate Rock Analysis (P. J. Potts, 1987, Blackie, Glasgow).

In Chapter 2, Part 1 (from Section 1 of the handbook dealing with fundamentals of measurement and instrument design) rock sample preparation techniques will be considered in detail (Parts 2 and 3 deal with pre‐concentration and separation procedures, and the determination of specific element groups, respectively). Despite some techniques undertaking measurements on solid samples, the need for dissolution remains the preferred method for many modern instrumental measurement principles such as ICP‐MS, ICP‐AES and TIMS. A solution provides homogeneity and can further be used for separation and pre‐concentration, both of which are important for the measurement of low mass fractions in isotope geochemistry. Part 1 first takes an historical view of developments in this field, followed by state‐of‐the‐art assessments of dissolution procedures based on acid attack, decomposition by molten salt fusion, the decomposition of resistant minerals, flux‐free fusion, and the use of pressed powder pellets.
Reference Intervals and Comparative Analysis of Reticulocyte Counts Using the Mindray BC‐6200, Flow Cytometry, and Manual Microscopy
Authors: Aphaiwiwat Hathaiphon , Ketloy Chutitorn , Thepnarin Tapakorn , Watanaboonyongcharoen Phandee , Prompetchara Eakachai
Published: February 2025

Introduction

This study evaluated the analytical performance of the Mindray BC‐6200 analyzer for reticulocyte counting, with a focus on imprecision, carryover, and time stability. The accuracy of reticulocyte count was compared with the manual microscope (MM) and flow cytometry (FC), the reference method. Additionally, reference intervals (RIs) of reticulocyte count and related parameters were established for the Thai population.

Methods

Sixty healthy Thai adults of both sexes along with 182 leftover blood samples from individuals with various pathologic conditions, were selected to evaluate reticulocyte counts using the automated Mindray BC‐6200. Results were compared with MM and FC to establish RIs and assess the correlation between methods.

Results

The imprecision on reticulocyte counts across all control levels (coefficient of variation, %CV) was below the manufacturer's claim. Carryover was < 0.001%, and time‐stability was excellent up to 24 h. RIs were as follows: reticulocytes (×109/L): 34.88–118.50, immature reticulocyte fraction (IRF) (%): 2.71–15.28, reticulocyte Hemoglobin content (RHE) (pg): 22.84–29.70. There was a strong correlation (r > 0.9785) in reticulocyte counts between the automated analyzer, MM, and FC.

Conclusion

The Mindray BC‐6200 is a reliable alternative to MM and FC methods for reticulocyte counting, with a good correlation, precision, low carryover, and time stability, making it effective for assessing erythropoiesis in clinical settings. However, further studies are needed to evaluate the clinical utility of reticulocyte count and related parameters in diagnosing hematological conditions.
Developmental Relationships Between Early Vocabulary Acquisition, Joint Attention and Parental Supportive Behaviors
Authors: Wengman Johan , Forssman Linda
Published: February 2025

In late infancy and early toddlerhood, joint attention ability is widely recognized as a crucial foundation for children's vocabulary development, though the exact nature of its contribution remains debated. This study investigates associations between joint attention and subsequent vocabulary development, as well as the possible moderating role of supportive parental behaviors. Seventy children and their families participated in this longitudinal study, which began when the children were 10 months of age. Parents completed the Swedish Communicative Development Inventory (CDI) at four age points (10, 12, 18, and 24 months) to assess receptive and expressive vocabulary growth. Children participated in lab‐based assessment of joint attention abilities at 10, 12, and 18 months. Additionally, at 10 and 12 months, parent‐child dyads participated in two semi‐structured lab assessments to evaluate the quality of parental supportive behaviors during interactions with their child. Primary analysis showed no significant effects of joint attention on subsequent receptive and expressive vocabulary. However, a significant interaction was found between a child's ability to respond to joint attention cues and parental supportive behaviors on receptive vocabulary. These findings indicate that parental supportive behaviors play a crucial role in promoting the development of children's receptive vocabulary.
Phase equilibria in the CaO‒Al2O3‒TiN system and CaO‒Al2O3‒Ti2O3‒TiN system at 1500°C
Authors: Qiu Jiyu , Li Wenjie , Liu Chengjun , Xie Xiaoxiang , Jiang Maofa
Published: February 2025

Nitride inclusions such as TiN and AlN often appear in the smelting process of aluminum‒titanium alloy steel. The phase diagram of nitrogen‐containing slag system is crucial for guiding the design of the denitrification slag system. In the present work, the high‐temperature equilibration‐quench experiment was employed, and the types and compositions of equilibrium phases were identified by electron probe micro analysis and X‐ray diffraction. The 1500°C isothermal section of CaO‒Al2O3‒TiN system and the 1500°C isothermal space phase diagram of CaO‒Al2O3‒Ti2O3‒TiN system in specific compositional ranges were constructed for the first time. Among them, the isothermal section of CaO‒Al2O3‒TiN system includes six three‐phase fields, one two‐phase field, and a single liquid phase field; the isothermal space phase diagram of CaO‒Al2O3‒Ti2O3‒TiN system includes four four‐phase fields, six three‐phase fields, six two‐phase fields, and a single liquid phase field. By comparison, it can be found that the CaO‒Al2O3‒Ti2O3 slag system has a higher equilibrium solubility of nitride than that of the CaO‒Al2O3 slag system. In addition, the dissolution type and the equilibrium solubility of nitride inclusions (AlN and TiN) in slag were analyzed and discussed using the experimental phase diagram of CaO‒Al2O3‒Ti2O3‒TiN system.
Weakly‐coupled barium titanate stannate‐based relaxors as energy storage materials
Authors: Kröll Eva , Devecioglu Lara , Salak Andrei N. , Piotrowsky Lukas , Shvartsman Vladimir V. , Lupascu Doru C.
Published: February 2025

Lead‐free relaxor ferroelectrics are promising materials for energy storage applications. To find new material systems for electrostatic capacitors, many researches have dedicated their work to formulate new ecologically safe compositions. In our study, we have prepared (1−x)Ba(Ti0.93Sn0.07)O3−xBiYO3 (BTS7‐BY) solid solutions via the solid‐state method. The parent composition, Ba(Ti0.93Sn0.07)O3 is a ferroelectric‐relaxor crossover material. It reduces its remanent polarization while still maintaining a high maximum polarization. Moderate substitution with BiYO3 further lowers the remanent polarization, resulting in slimmer polarization loops and increasing the energy storage efficiency to 90 %. Samples with x ≥ 0.06 show a true relaxor behavior with linear‐like polarization loops with character of weakly‐coupled relaxors. Breakdown strength measurements reveal a reduced breakdown strength with increasing BY content. Further investigations of the electrostriction, the band gap, and the electrical microstructure link the homogeneity and grain size of the microstructure to the resulting breakdown strength. This highlights the importance of a homogenous and small‐grained microstructure for enhancing the energy storage properties. Samples with x = 0.06 exhibit the best energy storage properties with a recoverable energy density of 1.11 J/cm3 at 189 kV/cm with an energy storage efficiency of 74%.
Feeding Specialisation Shapes Avian Functional Diversity Along a Tropical Rainforest Elevational Gradient
Authors: Korejs Kryštof , Koane Bonny , Jeppy Samuel , Jorge Leonardo Ré , Novotný Vojtěch , Sam Kateřina
Published: February 2025

Aim

Avian functional diversity in montane systems has been scrutinised by researchers seeking to uncover deterministic processes driving community assembly. However, many tropical rainforests lack fully surveyed elevational gradients that could inform on functional ecology of avian assemblages. Here we expand global coverage of elevational trends in bird functional diversity to the third largest contiguous rainforest in the world.

Location

A 3500 m uninterrupted rainforest gradient in Papua New Guinea.

Taxon

Birds.

Methods

We conducted point‐count surveys of bird communities, sampling eight elevational sites from 200 m above sea level to the treeline at 3700 m. Functional diversity indices (functional richness, evenness, and divergence) were examined using Bayesian generalised additive models after standardising for bird species richness. Additionally, we analysed phylogenetic diversity and structure, and examined variation in individual functional traits, including feeding guild, morphology, and dispersal ability.

Results

Functional richness declined sharply from the lowlands to 1700 m above sea level, followed by a weak decrease towards the treeline. Functional evenness decreased monotonically with elevation, while functional divergence increased at low elevations and again near the treeline. Phylogenetic diversity exhibited a monotonic decline accompanied by increased phylogenetic clustering at higher elevations. The mid‐elevation collapse of functional richness was likely caused by trophic interactions. Reduced the availability of large fruits caused declines in frugivore body size and beak dimensions, while high abundance of invertebrates favoured functionally uniform insectivores. Near the treeline, bird communities displayed morphological shifts towards terrestrial lifestyles with reduced dispersal ability, suggesting environmental filtering by forest structure.

Main Conclusions

By examining trends in individual functional traits, we highlight the role of trophic interactions in shaping avian functional diversity in tropical montane systems. Similar research using robust trait data can deepen our understanding of ecosystem functions and guide conservation strategies for different functional groups of birds across tropical regions.
‘Less Knowledge, Better Experience’: Examining the Expertise Reversal Effect in Learning With Instructor‐Generated Drawings
Authors: Tian Yuan , Liu Zhongjian , Liu Hainuo , Fang Min
Published: February 2025

Background

Online videos featuring human‐generated drawing are increasingly popular in education. However, their effectiveness may vary depending on learners' prior knowledge, and further research is needed to confirm their advantages over other common instructional videos.

Objectives

The primary goal of this study is to investigate the impact of instructional video formats on learners' outcomes and experiences, and to further explore the interaction between video formats and prior knowledge.

Methods

In a 2 × 3 between‐subjects design, 144 college students were divided into two groups based on their (high vs. low) prior knowledge levels and then randomly assigned to different video format conditions. Students listened to oral explanations from the instructor while viewing either dynamic instructor hand‐drawn diagrams (instructor‐generated visuals), dynamic PowerPoint diagrams (PPT visuals), or static diagrams identical to the PPT visuals (static visuals). Finally, we measured learners' outcomes (i.e., retention and transfer scores) and experiences (i.e., emotion and cognitive load).

Results

Viewing dynamic visuals have a significant facilitating effect on learning compared to static visuals. Moreover, the expertise reversal effect was confirmed. Specifically, for learners with low prior knowledge, the retention test scores and learning experiences of students viewing instructor‐generated dynamic visuals outperformed those viewing dynamic PPT visuals and static visuals. For learners with high levels of prior knowledge, no significant differences are observed between the groups. Finally, we found that students' emotional experiences significantly mediated the relationship between instructor‐generated visuals and learning outcomes.

Conclusions

These results indicate that the choice of instructional videos should align with learners' prior knowledge and emphasises the importance of learning experiences.
Multi‐task AI models in dermatology: Overcoming critical clinical translation challenges for enhanced skin lesion diagnosis
Authors: Mehta Deval , Primiero Clare , Betz‐Stablein Brigid , Nguyen Toan D. , Gal Yaniv , Bowling Adrian , Haskett Martin , Sashindranath Maithili , Bonnington Paul , Mar Victoria , Soyer H. Peter , Ge Zongyuan
Published: February 2025

Background

The surge in AI models for diagnosing skin lesions through image analysis is notable, yet their clinical implementation faces challenges. Common limitations include an over reliance on dermoscopy, lack of real‐world applicability when only binary output (e.g. benign/malignant) is offered and low accuracy when faced with rare skin conditions.

Objective

To address these common constraints associated with limited diagnostic output, and applicability to real‐world settings.

Methods

We developed an All‐In‐One Hierarchical‐Out of Distribution‐Clinical Triage (HOT) AI model for skin lesion analysis. Trained on a large dataset of ~208,000 lesion images, our HOT AI model generates three outputs: a hierarchical three‐level prediction, an alert for out‐of‐distribution (OOD) images and a recommendation for dermoscopy to improve diagnostic prediction.

Results

Our hierarchical prediction output provides a binary level 1 prediction (benign/malignant), Level 2 prediction of eight possible categories (e.g. melanocytic and keratinocytic) and a more definitive Level 3 prediction from 44 lesion categories. The model produced high sensitivity for Level 1 prediction (88.14% CI: 87.42–88.51); however, significantly lower for Level 3 prediction (63.90%, CI: 62.27–65.61). By relying on all three prediction levels for consensus, Level 1 false‐positives were reduced by 20–25%, and false‐negatives were decreased by 11–13% of cases. OOD detection was benchmarked against previous landmark models and outperformed comparative models. Lastly, 44% of images were recommended for dermoscopy, and with additional image input, Level 3 sensitivity increased from 48.13% (CI:45.08–49.57) to 52.54% (CI:50.25–55.04).

Conclusion

Our HOT‐AI model attempts to address common challenges in existing models by combining three tasks in one model to increase accuracy and clinical utility. By providing a more nuanced prediction, and alert for OOD, the model output provides greater explainability of the AI decision process. Prospective clinical testing is required to measure how this additional output impacts user trust, and how the model performs in a real‐world setting.
Trajectories and Influencing Factors of Self‐Management Behaviour in Patients With Knee Osteoarthritis: A Longitudinal Study
Authors: Li Lingjia , Lan Xiangzhou , Zeng Weike , Chen Miao , Xue Ke , Chen Qing
Published: February 2025

Aim

To explore the trajectory of self‐management behaviour and its influencing factors in patients with knee osteoarthritis.

Design

This is a prospective, longitudinal observational study.

Methods

From January 2024 to April 2024, 126 patients with knee osteoarthritis who were hospitalized in two tertiary‐level hospitals in Hunan Province were selected to be surveyed on the day of discharge, 1 month after discharge and 3 months after discharge using the Chinese version of the Chronic Disease Self‐Management Research Measurement Scale. The trajectories of self‐management behaviours were performed using latent category growth analysis. The influencing factors were performed using Lasso regression.

Results

Two classes were identified, including ‘slow decline class’ (37.1%) and ‘significant decline class’ (62.9%). Age, education, history of knee surgery and number of other chronic diseases combined were significant factors. Finally, older patients were more likely to be in the ‘significant decline group’ and patients with a history of knee surgery were more likely to be in the ‘slow decline group’.

Conclusion

We reported the existence of heterogeneity in self‐management trajectories in patients with KOA and found that younger age and history of knee surgery were significantly associated with slow decline class trajectories. Further studies are needed to test the generalizability of these identified self‐management trajectories in patients with KOA and their association with psychosocial aspects.

Implications for the Profession and Patient Care

To identify the trajectory of self‐management behaviours of patients with KOA and explore their influencing factors, to provide reference for healthcare professionals to formulate targeted intervention programmes, so as to prevent the recurrence of knee osteoarthritis and delay the course of the disease.

Reporting Method

STROBE checklist was followed.

Patient or Public Contribution

The authors would specially thank all the participants in this study.
Unilateral Blepharoptosis Combined With Malignant Exophthalmos After Botulinum Toxin Injection to Glabellar Lines: A Case Report
Authors: Zou Junli , Li Zhen , Li Xiaozhen , Cai Hong
Published: February 2025

Background

The ocular adverse reactions caused by the diffusion of BoNT‐A injection are self‐limiting, with symptoms ameliorating over time. Thyroid‐associated ophthalmopathy (TAO) is an autoimmune disease characterized by symptoms such as exophthalmos, diplopia, and eyelid retraction, which may overlap the side effects of BoNT‐A injections. It is crucial to consider other ocular diseases when assessing side effects after BoNT‐A injection, particularly in patients with a history of thyroid disease.

Aims

To describe a complicated case of concurrent malignant exophthalmos and unilateral blepharoptosis following an additional dosage of BoNT‐A injection for glabellar wrinkles.

Patient

A 58‐year‐old female patient received BoNT‐A injection for glabellar wrinkles. Two weeks later, the patient requested an additional dose of BoNT‐A to enhance the effects, receiving an extra 8 units BoNT‐A in the brow muscles. Twenty days later, she presented with a ptosis in the left eye, which progressively manifested into symptoms of exophthalmos, uncoordinated movement, blurred vision, and double vision. Ultimately, she was diagnosed with malignant exophthalmos.

Results

The blepharoptosis following BoNT‐A injection typically manifests a significant improvement within 1–3 months. However, if the symptoms of ptosis persist without evident amelioration and are accompanied by additional ocular discomfort, particularly in patients with thyroid disease, the potential presence of concomitant TAO should be considered.

Conclusions

This report highlights the potential relationship between botulinum toxin and thyroid disease, emphasizing the complexity of complications following cosmetic injections. Clinicians should carefully take the history of a patient, thereby facilitating better identification and management of potential complications.
The FUS/COL11A1/ZEB1 Axis Contributes to the Development of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Zhou Tianyuan , Liu Shuang , Shi Lixin , Zhang Lei
Published: February 2025

Objective

Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is a common type of head and neck cancer with high metastasis rate and poor prognosis. This study aimed to explore the role of collagen type XI alpha 1 (COL11A1) and its detailed mechanisms in OSCC progression.

Methods

Quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT‐qPCR) analysis was used to measure the level of COL11A1, fused in sarcoma/translocated in liposarcoma (FUS) and zinc finger E‐box binding homeobox 1 (ZEB1). The protein expression of COL11A1, E‐cadherin, N‐cadherin, FUS, and ZEB1 were detected using Western blot. 3‐(4,5‐dimethyl‐2‐thiazolyl)‐2,5‐diphenyl‐2‐H‐tetrazolium bromide (MTT) and 5‐Ethynyl‐2′‐deoxyuridine (EdU) staining assays were conducted to measure cell proliferation. Cell migration and invasion were evaluated via wound‐healing assay and transwell migration and invasion assays, respectively. Moreover, epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT) was determined via detecting the expression of EMT‐related proteins, including E‐cadherin and N‐cadherin. RNA immunoprecipitation assay was conducted to evaluate the relationship between ZEB1 and COL11A1. In vivo animal experiments were carried out to explore the role of COL11A1 in OSCC mice, and immunohistochemistry assay was performed to detect the level of ZEB1 and EMT‐related proteins in tumor tissues from mice.

Results

COL11A1 was augmented in OSCC tissues and cells. COL11A1 knockdown significantly inhibited cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and EMT in OSCC cells. FUS was increased in OSCC tissues. FUS stabilized the mRNA level of COL11A1 and positively regulated the protein expression of COL11A1. ZEB1 was highly expressed in OSCC tissues, and COL11A1directly targeted ZEB1. The inhibition effects of COL11A1 knockdown on cell proliferation, invasion, migration, and EMT were reversed by ZEB1 overexpression in OSCC cells. Additionally, COL11A1 depletion markedly repressed tumor growth through decreasing ZEB1 expression in vivo.

Conclusion

FUS stabilized COL11A1 to promote the malignant progression of OSCC via regulating ZEB1 expression.
Recovery and Response: Responding to Mental Health Needs That Emerged in the Wake of the COVID‐19 Pandemic in Chicago Public Schools
Authors: Liu Julia , Marshall B. , Cisneros K. , Jarpe‐Ratner E.
Published: February 2025

Background

The COVID‐19 pandemic elevated mental health needs among students. As such, in 2022 Chicago Public Schools (CPS) introduced the Comprehensive Mental Health and Suicide Prevention Policy to deliver mental health awareness and services to all pK‐12th grade students. While transitioning back to in‐person learning, an evaluation was conducted in the 2022‐2023 school year to identify current practices and barriers of delivery, and identify lessons learned to support the policy in schools.

Methods

Interviews were conducted with 30 staff members who delivered mental health services. Interviews were recorded, transcribed, and thematically coded.

Results

Themes identified in the interview highlighted barriers to providing mental health supports included: 1) overwhelming number of mental health cases with limited time and capacity; 2) mental health stigma among families and staff, and 3) the lack of diversity representation among mental health professionals in schools and the communities. Implications for School Health Policy, Practice, and Equity: CPS prioritized and elevated awareness of resources, training sessions and policies guidance through toolkits, newsletters, mandated trainings, and communication about new state mental health laws.

Conclusions

The pandemic disrupted mental health services and illuminated critical barriers to access. CPS' Office of Student Health and Wellness used these findings to provide additional training and technical assistance for staff, families, and the community.
A Preliminary Investigation Into the Use of AI‐Generated Food Images in a Survey Asking About Consumer Perception of Appeal, Naturalness, Healthiness, and Willingness to Consume
Authors: Stright Allison , Sloan Gabrielle , Code Matthew , Gorman Mackenzie , Moss Rachael , McSweeney Matthew B.
Published: February 2025

Food images generated using artificial intelligence (AI) are becoming more common in research, and in the everyday world. The objective of this study was to identify how consumers' perception of a food image (AI‐generated or a genuine image), influenced their perception and emotional response to the food. Participants (n = 154) were asked to look at ten different images (five were AI‐generated and five were genuine (referred to as standard images)) of food items common to those living in Atlantic Canada. The participants were asked to evaluate their willingness to consume, the healthiness, the naturalness, the appeal, and their perception of AI use for each image. The study also assessed their emotional response to the images. The results found the participants were able to identify when an image was created using an AI generator. The participants' perception of AI was negatively correlated to participants' willingness to consume the food product, as well as their perception of the healthiness, naturalness, and appeal of the product. Furthermore, the participants' emotional response was different when evaluating AI generated images compared to standard images. The results highlight the use of AI‐generated images in surveys can influence the participants perception, but this topic needs to be further explored in future studies.
Phenotype‐Specific Semi‐Mechanistic Modelling of Florfenicol Time‐Kill Curves in G. Parasuis Compared to Other Respiratory Pathogens
Authors: Mead Andrew , Hughes Abigail , Azzariti Stefano , Toutain Pierre‐Louis , Pelligand Ludovic
Published: February 2025

This study examines the pharmacodynamics (PD) of florfenicol (FFN) for treating porcine respiratory diseases by comparing its effects on Glaesserella parasuis, Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae and Pasteurella multocida. In vitro time‐kill assays and semi‐mechanistic PD modeling were used to assess bacterial growth and killing rates at varying FFN concentrations. Species‐specific PD models indicated that fAUC/MIC was the best PK/PD index across all species. A. pleuropneumoniae and P. multocida had target values of 1.05 and 1.66 × MIC, respectively for bacteriostasis and 1.12 and 1.87 × MIC for 99.9% kill. Two phenotypes of G. parasuis emerged “fast‐kill” and “slow‐kill” which displayed distinct bacterial eradication rates despite similar MICs. For “slow‐kill” isolates, an average free drug concentration (fAUC/MIC) of 1.46 and 1.63 × MIC (median, range: 1.53–1.69) was required for bacteriostasis and 99.9% kill. “Fast‐kill” isolates needed an average free drug concentration of 1.38 × MIC for bacteriostasis and 1.51 × MIC for a 99.9% reduction. Indicating that the rate of kill influences the respective average free concentration required to achieve an equivalent antibacterial effect. Simulations of clinical dosing of FFN predicted bacterial eradication for all species, highlighting the value of phenotype‐specific PD modeling in guiding treatment strategies for porcine respiratory infections.
Culture‐Independent Species‐Level Taxonomic and Functional Characterisation of Bacteroides, the Core Bacterial Genus Within Reptile Guts
Authors: Hoffbeck Carmen , Middleton Danielle M. R. L. , Wallbank Jessica A. , Boey Jian S. , Taylor Michael W.
Published: February 2025

The genus Bacteroides is a widespread and abundant bacterial taxon associated with gut microbiotas. Species within Bacteroides fill many niches, including as mutualists, commensals and pathogens for their hosts. Within many reptiles, Bacteroides is a dominant, ‘core’ gut bacterium that sometimes exhibits increased abundance in times of food scarcity, such as during hibernation. Here, we take a two‐pronged approach to better characterise Bacteroides populations in reptile guts. Firstly, we leverage published 16S rRNA gene sequence datasets to determine the species‐level distributions of Bacteroides members in reptile hosts. Secondly, we mine publicly available metagenomes to extract data for Bacteroides from reptiles, birds, amphibians and mammals, to compare the functional potential of Bacteroides in different host taxa. The 16S rRNA gene analyses revealed that B. acidifaciens is the most common Bacteroides species in reptile guts, and that different orders of reptiles differ in which Bacteroides species they harbour. The taxonomy of Bacteroides species recovered from metagenomic assembly did not differ between reptile orders or substantially across birds, amphibians and mammals. Metagenome‐assembled genomes for Bacteroides species were marginally more related when their hosts were more closely related, with reptile hosts in particular harbouring markedly more unique Bacteroides MAGs compared to other hosts. Our findings indicate that hosts harbour similar profiles of Bacteroides species across broad comparisons, but with some differences between reptile groups, and that Bacteroides appears to perform largely similar roles in vertebrate host guts regardless of host relatedness.
Bridging minds: Participant perspectives on postmortem brain research and engagement
Authors: Inoue Yusuke , Obata Maki , Morishima Maho , Murayama Shigeo , Saito Yuko
Published: February 2025

Postmortem research participation remains underrepresented in research ethics discussions. Herein, we examined the associated perspectives of individuals preregistered with the Brain Bank for Aging Research at the Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology. We conducted a postal survey targeting 88 preregistrants, yielding 52 responses (response rate: 59.1%, average respondent age: 79.5 years, range: 49–97). The questionnaire gathered information on the reasons for agreeing to participate, helpful information provided during the explanation, and expectations regarding future information. The stated reasons for participating included a desire to contribute to science, gratitude for medical care received, memories of relatives' past donations, and inspiration from staff enthusiasm and materials. Beneficial information was given in brochures, coordinator explanations, and lectures; however, guidance for family members regarding postmortem procedures and updates on recent activities and research outcomes were highlighted as areas requiring future improvement. Willingness to participate in brain banks was influenced by altruistic factors, personal medical experiences, and the influence of statements from close contacts. Registrants maintained their interest after registration and prepare for future arrangements. Family cooperation was identified as a critical factor influencing the fulfillment of participant intentions, emphasizing the need for accessible and low‐burden family guidance. Registrants generally seek information to help family members and associates avoid difficulties related to their participation. Brain banks should continue conducting such surveys for registrants and reflect the findings in their information dissemination and educational programs. This approach will help improve the understanding and support for brain bank participation, ultimately contributing to the advancement of medical research and ethics in postmortem studies.