bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Intuitions of adult L2-Leamer and translation students as a guide to analysis in teaching
Authors: K. Connors
Published: October 2020

This paper deals with the pedagogical implications of a series of studies on linguistic awareness. Adult learners, native- and near-native speakers of English were studied for their knowledge of equivalence and contrast relations between reflexive and emphatic -self constructions, on the one hand, and the possible interpretations of French pronominal-verbal constructions, on the other. In the pilot study, adult Francophone learners of English and an Anglophone control group judged the grammaticality of sets of sentences, one of which presented -self constructions that were grammatical as reflexives, as emphatics, as both, or as neither. The original purpose of this combination was to study the relation between objective ambiguity and grammaticality judgments. The results suggested not that syntactic ambiguity led to incorrect grammaticality judgments, but that garden-path (or “hard-to-get”) readings of constructions which globally are asymmetrically ambiguous are associated with incorrect judgments of ungrammaticality. That is, the only reading on which a given sub-type of construction is grammatical can be unknown to learners and even undetected by native speakers.
Modem hypermedia systems, which encompass the ability to adapt to the properties of human memory and cognition
Authors: Woźniak Piotr , Gorzelańczyk Edward J.
Published: October 2020

In this article we would like to show the need for developing knowledge access systems that can account for the imperfections in human perception, information processing and memory (Higgins et al., 1996). The implementation of such systems will result in enormous savings in the process of learning at all three stages of knowledge acquisition (by the mind): (1) access knowledge to, (2) learning and (3) knowledge retention (Clark et al., 1997). In particular, we will try to stress the importance of repetition spacing algorithms (Woźniak and Gorzelańczyk, 1994), as well as the importance of (1) (2) and the application of the newly introduced concept of processing, ordinal attributes in hypertext documents, semantics (Wiesman et al., 1997; Gillham, 1988).
Übersetzer- und Dolmetscherausbildung in Finnland
Authors: Liefländer-Koistinen Luise
Published: October 2020

Translator education in Finland has been on university level since 1980. There are four Schools of Translation belonging to the University of Helsinki (Kouvola), University of Joensuu (Savonlinna), University of Tampere and University of Turku. Students have to study appr. 5 years to get the degree of Master of Arts. They usually study at least two languages - they can choose between English, Russian, German, Swedish or French as their main subject, and there is the choice between several other languages or special subjects (like: language of law, commerce, intercultural communication etc.) as a second or third subject. Finnish translators get jobs in the EU, the business sector or administration.
Apprentissage semi-autonome: Résultats d’une expérience de tutorat
Authors: Wilczyńska Weronika
Published: October 2020

The contribution reports some results from a study on the semi-autonomous learning of French as a foreign language by a dozen of first-year university students (intermediate level). It focuses on the evolution those students, identified as « poor learners », underwent as far as their views, attitudes and strategies in FL learning were concerned - as an effect of them being helped and advised by their much more advanced colleagues (4th year). By the end of this period the 1st year students showed a clear change in all these respects, even though adapting more adequate strategies proved slower to appear than changes in views and attitudes. At the same time, the experience proved to be most fruitful to their tutors in acquainting them with action research methodology.
„Is ja cool" - der Wandel der Sprache in der Moderne
Authors: Utri Reinhold
Published: October 2020

The author's diagnosis of the modern German language has found that it is full of English terms and phrases, especially in the mass media, where many of them are already intruding into the everyday language. Some language researchers fear the worst - but is this fear really justified? The author of this article explains the old tendency of traditionalists to keep the language „clean" and not to accept words which are borrowed from other fashionable" languages. Because of globalization and modern technology there are more English words coming into the German language. Another reason is that the youth find English more fashionable and attractive. The process of borrowing a word from another language is usually a slow process and many words are not kept and disappear later. Those that are practical and useful are kept and this is shown in the case with Anglicism. Although it is sometimes difficult to put the English word into the German Grammar structure, the average German is able to incorporate them into their language. This importing and exporting of words (but why only from English?) is only an example of an evolving language that changes every day.
Intersemiotische Kommunikation im frühen Fremdsprachenunterricht
Authors: Gorąca Gabriela
Published: October 2020

The article refers to the constitutive elements of intersemiotic communication in the didactics of foreign languages. It indicates, that you can communicate not only using verbal language, but nonverbal elements such as for example pictures or music influencing the sense of an utterance, as well. Language and semiotic elements of communication refer to human feelings and are often interconnected. Constellation of them simplifies learning of foreign languages especially by small children. It's important therefore to get to know glottodidactical techniques using music and picture to increase effectiveness of language acquisition.
Entwicklung der transaltorischen Kompetenz im rahmen des Postgraduierten Studiums für Übersetzer und Dolmetscher am institut für germanistik an der Universität Wrocław
Authors: Małgorzewicz Anna
Published: October 2020

The article presents the didactic concept of the teaching done during the postgraduate course for translators. The author describes the theoretical basis of the translation model, which was the point of departure for the teaching methodology design. The teaching aims are formulated and the concept of translational competence is defined. The author concentrates mainly on the development of interpreting skills. She also presents the typology of activities which develop these skills.
Optimierung der ZD-Prüfungsvorbereitung in Bezug auf die Aufgabenformen
Authors: Walorczyk Mariusz
Published: October 2020

Optimizing Certificate German (ZD) Test Preparation with Regard to Task Form Placement and progress tests are used to provide optimum instruction. Experience with test task forms at various times in various situations increase task related skills and reduce test anxiety – closed tasks exercising recognition; open tasks production. Very important are skills in comprehending test task instructions and carrying them out. As an alternative to the more stressful schoolroom work, E-tests and CD-ROM work facilitate and stimulate preparation so long as the desired goals are kept in the forefront.
Narrative structure of literary text: Free indirect discourse as a linguistic and narratological category
Authors: Jourdy Natascha
Published: October 2020

The paper focuses on the analysis of free indirect discourse as a modernist narrative form. We outline the basic narrative and linguistic characteristics of free indirect discourse and examine its main functions in the literary texts. We undertake a comparative analysis of three examples of free indirect discourse (drawn from the texts of G. Flaubert, F. Kafka and V. Nabokov) and display their common and distinctive features.
Formelhaft oder nicht? Die wichtigsten Merkmale der formelhaften Sequenzen
Authors: Czarnecka Małgorzata
Published: October 2020

Formulaic sequences constitute a large protection of any discourse and, furthermore, they exist in so many forms that it is difficult to develop an adequate definition of this phenomenon. The term formulaic sequences encompasses verious types of world strings which appear to be stored and retrieved as holistic units from the memory. This article outlines some improtant aspects of formulaic sequences; it also shows the variety of definitions which appear in the research literature, and tries to find some specific criteria by means of which formulaic sequences could be identified in a discourse or a text.
Bi-/multilingualism and the perceptions of the gender of objects
Authors: Chłopek Zofia
Published: October 2020

The newest research confirms the ‘weak’ version of the linguistic relativity hypothesis, according to which the language we speak influences to some extent the way we think. At the same time, it has been shown that the conceptual representations of reality which have been shaped by the mother tongue from birth play a significant role while using an L2 (L3 etc.), especially when it is weaker than the L1. The present article describes one such conceptual domain – the (non-linguistic) categorization of objects according to their perceived gender, which is influenced by the grammatical gender of their names.
Linguistische und psychodidaktische Grundlagen des Fremdsprachenlernens im Seniorenalter
Authors: Kic-Drgas Joanna
Published: October 2020

The article is an introduction to the discussion about the linguistic and psychodidactic concepts justifying the thesis that the senior language learners are able to learn foreign languages and that they can achieve educational success in the process of foreign language learning.
Deutsch-türkische Freundschaft: über die Notwendigkeit des Einbindens der Migrantenliteratur in das Interkulturelle Lernen
Authors: Reinhold Utri
Published: October 2020

Every culture contains foreign elements, e.g. music. However, the strangeness of another culture can also find rejection of people towards it (examples in the latest history). In Germany the Turks were invited by an international contract to do the “dirty” work, but were exploited by the German employees. This was discovered by the work of Walraff. The multiculturalism is a fact that nobody can deny anymore. That is the reason why certain topics concerning immigrants and foreign cultures should appear in schools, especially in teaching literature. The literature of or about immigrants, especially the Turks, and its possibly fertile effects for intercultural understanding are discussed in the article.
„Neugier beflügelt unsere Wahrnehmung“ – eine effektive Lernmethode im Fremdsprachenunterricht
Authors: Weigl Anna
Published: October 2020

As in any human action, motivation is playing a key role in learning foreign languages. There are different types of motivation – one of them is curiosity. Curiosity is one of the strongest motivators, since it is based in the human character. Psychologists call curiosity the core of motivation. In my paper I will address a new learning technique, which consists of two didactic concepts at the same time: Learning by teaching and subject orientated learning. Subject orientated learning means the combination of a specific content to be learnt and a given person.
A new variety of medical case reporting as a tool in ESP teaching as well as in medical training and professional development
Authors: Żelazowska-Sobczyk Magda , Zabielska Magdalena
Published: October 2020

In this paper, a new generic development in the medical case report will be presented as a potential tool in a variety of medical contexts. A case report describes new diseases or their novel aspects, and its new interactive type additionally allows readers to comment on published cases and features patients’ first person narratives. This development may be a useful tool in medical English language courses, in medical training as well as in professional development. This way the paper systematises the knowledge on the application of medical case reports in general and re-evaluates their potential in strictly medical contexts
Zofia Berdychowska, Heinz-Helmut Lüger, Czesława Schatte, Grażyna Zenderowska- -Korpus (Hrsg.). Phraseologie als Schnittstelle von Sprache und Kultur II. Öffentlicher Raum – Medien – Phraseodidaktik. Frankfurt am Main: Peter Lang 2017, S. 221
Authors: Woźniak Joanna
Published: October 2020

.
Bericht über das 10. Kolloquium zur Lexikographie und Wörterbuchforschung, Poznań 19–20.10.2018
Authors: Dziurewicz Elżbieta
Published: October 2020

.
Favoriser le développement de la conscience épistémologique des étudiants lors de l’approprition de l’écrit glottodidactique en français et en polonais. Le cas des étudiants polonais d’ethnolinguistique
Authors: Orchowska Izabela
Published: October 2020

The paper is a reflection on the development of academic literacy skills in French and Polish while writing a diploma paper in glottodidactics by Polish third year ethnolinguistics students. The first part of the paper focuses on a diploma paper in glottodidactics as an important component of philological education at Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań. Next, the author analyses the concept of epistemological consciousness and its impact on the development of student autonomy during the acquisition of glottodidactic discourse and glottodidactic knowledge as a specialist knowledge which they gain. The author’s conception, referring to writing research papers in line with the principles of glottodidactics as a research field, is based on the assumption that students should become aware of the epistemological specifics of glottodidactics and include them both in the form and the content of their diploma papers. Finally, the author discusses various stages in the development of students’ epistemological consciousness and looks into the processesthe supervisor needs to engage in for effective research supervision
La tâche pédagogique au service du développement des savoir-faire langagiers et professionnels. Exemple de français des affaires
Authors: Sowa Magdalena
Published: October 2020

Task Based Learning / Teaching focuses on the action dimension of language use, i.e., various tasks performed every day that require cooperation with others and the mobilization of language. Language proves to be the most important instrument of action, even if the objective of this action is not necessarily linguistic. The pedagogical tasks used for language teaching for professional purposes illustrate the link between language and socio-professional action: the learning of the formal language system counts as much as the content of the domain of work. On these theoretical assumptions, the aim of this paper is to examine the degree of integration of linguistic and professional knowledge and skills into tasks designed for the teaching of business French. We will analyse the examples of pedagogical tasks in order to demonstrate to what extent they allow us to teach interdisciplinary content and foreign language
Aspekte des Sprecherwechsels in Dialogen polnischer und deutscher Jugendlicher. Dargestellt am Beispiel einer Konkurrenzaufgabe
Authors: Woźniak Miłosz
Published: October 2020

The aim of this paper is to discuss the role of turn-taking in dialogs of Polish and German schoolchildren aged from 13 to 15 years. The paper begins by describing the project and briefly viewing the most relevant definitions (e. g. turn, backchannels, segments). The next section presents the notation system and the methods. The samples were selected from the BORDERLAND data bank and, in total, they included nine pairs and over 1,000 segments. On this basis, it can be concluded that turn-taking in uniform pairs (Polish-Polish and German-German) is more defensive, and that the interlocutors tend to use more segments. There might also be a slight tendency for Polish speakers to interrupt their interlocutors more frequently. The findings, based on our samples, also suggest that speaking a foreign language (as we can notice in the German-Polish pairs) usually means less competitive speaking, as well as fewer segments and turn-takings
Joanna Kic-Drgas / Marta Zawacka-Najgeburska (Hrsg.). Fachsprachen in Didaktik und Translatorik: Theorie und Praxis. / LSP in Teaching and Translation: Theory and Practice. Poznań: Peter Lang. 2019. S. 208.
Authors: Przybył Jakub
Published: October 2020

...
TRZY ŹRÓDŁA WSPÓŁCZESNEJ HISTORIOGRAFII PAŃSTWOWEJ
Authors: MAZUR Mariusz
Published: October 2020

Th e present state historiography in Poland is dominated by the chronicling of events. But its politicization (even particization), mythologization and tabloidization neglecting methodological rules of the scientifi c research, implicate the misconception of the history and the incomprehension of the past, revealing in the diff erent public contexts. Regarding current cultural processes, the eff ects for the contemporary historiography are massively destructive and no change for bett er is observed in this moment.
(NIE-)POWROTY. ESEJ O DOŚWIADCZENIU I PAMIĘCI ROKU 1945
Authors: TRABA Robert
Published: October 2020

The study brings up sensitive problems of the contemporary Polish history, revealing some mechanisms of historical discourse in the public space. Refl ection on the historical memory, the war trauma and the problem of shortened perspective puts emphasis on the absence of alternative narrations around such categories as: nation, Catholic Church, patriotism, the left, polish Jews. Th is issue is associated with the question of contemporary historical research and the politics of history shaping collective memory in Poland.
W ZWIĄZKU Z TEKSTEM JANA POMORSKIEGO Polityzacja/mitologizacja historii, czyli w czym neuronauka (i metodologia) może pomóc badaczowi historii najnowszej?
Authors: WRZOSEK Wojciech
Published: October 2020

The article discusses some highlighted premises and main postulates expounded in the essay by Pomorski. The outlook of the polemics is based on the culturological epistemology of history therefore the concept of politicization/mythologization and historiography inspired by neuroscience is called into the question in particular. Cognitive approach in humanities is also discussed, nevertheless the idea of humanistic cognitive science as the new refl ection on the human ways of the acquiring of culture might be taken into consideration.
O RYZYKU (KRYJĄCYM SIĘ ZA MITOLOGIZACJĄ/POLITYZACJĄ HISTORII) SŁÓW KILKA
Authors: WOŹNIAK Marek
Published: October 2020

Arguments about history (as like as politics) is certainly not newfangled or unexpected. The competing visions of the past (winners and losers) are not, however, just a dispute over what and how it happened. On the contrary, it is not diffi cult to see that they infl uence not only upon the domination of the “piloted” vision of the past, but also on a particular social/political order. Th erefore in this article I try to show some risk behind the mythologization and politicization of the historical discourse.
Fiancées and widows: women’s encounters with death in the silent films of Fritz Lang
Authors: Kłys Tomasz
Published: October 2020

Kłys Tomasz, Fiancées and widows: women’s encounters with death in the silent films of Fritz Lang. “Images” vol. XXV, no. 34. Poznań 2019. Adam Mickiewicz University Press. Pp. 155–162. ISSN 1731-450X. DOI 10.14746/i.2019.34.10.

In the silent Weimar films of Fritz Lang, the heroines have sudden encounters with Death, conceived both as an allegorical figure and as an unexpected violent end of the life of their fiancé, husband or loved one. The nameless Maiden, the main heroine of Der müde Tod (The Weary Death, known in English-language countries as Destiny, 1921), while looking for her fiancé, who was kidnapped by Death, tries three times to regain his life and finally, overcome by Death, commits suicide. Two queens of Burgundy in Die Nibelungen (The Nibelungs, 1924), Kriemhild and Brunhild, motivated by resentment and vengeance, as well as by unfulfilled love, finally appear to be zombie-like self-destructive monsters, destroying the social and political order, and the lives of many human beings. The paper, with the use of the psychoanalytic concepts of melancholy and the mourning “not-worked-out” by the persons who have lost their loved ones, analyses the ambiguous attitudes and self-destructive acts of these “women in black”..
Human on fire as a gesture of self-offering in Polish documentary films
Authors: Tes Urszula
Published: October 2020

Tes Urszula, Human on fire as a gesture of self-offering in Polish documentary films “Images” vol. XXV, no. 34. Poznań 2019. Adam Mickiewicz University Press. Pp. 172–179. ISSN 1731-450X. DOI 10.14746/i.2019.34.12.

One of strongest acts of personal protest in the communist era was self-immolation, which was the subject of two Polish documentaries. Maciej Drygas in Hear My Cry invoked the figure of Ryszard Siwiec, who immolated himself on September 8, 1968 as a sign of protest against the Soviet army invasion of Czechoslovakia. In his documentary, Drygas shows a fragment of the film with the burning man, juxtaposing it with the testimony of witnesses to the tragedy and the account of the family. This documentary restores the memory of the whole society, who due solely to the film, learned about the radical gesture of a common man. Holy Fire by Jarosław Mańka and Maciej Grabysa in turn invokes the heroic but forgotten Walenty Badylak, who immolated himself in March of 1980 in Cracow as an expression of his objection to distortion of the truth about Katyń. Both acts of self-immolation had for many years been perceived as totally futile acts, while the directors show that the self-immolation of these now has a deep and symbolic meaning. In my analysis, I shall invoke historic and cultural contexts, conduct a multifaceted interpretation of self-immolation act and discuss the complex imagery included in the films.
Odcieleśnione ciało w filmie Nakarmić kruki Carlosa Saury
Authors: Kulessa Kamila
Published: October 2020

This article aims at providing an analysis of Carlos Saura’s Cria Cuervos [Raise ravens, 1976], focused mainly on the temporal and spatial structures of the film. It explores the dimensions of bodily presence, especially the means of representing spectral body in cinematic image.
The future of organic farming – reflections on the new legislation
Authors: Leśkiewicz Katarzyna
Published: October 2020

The purpose of the considerations is, taking into account the scope of derogations from the requirements of organic production and the competence of certifying authorities, to answer the question whether in comparison to Regulation No 834/2007, new Regulation No 2018/848 serves to ensure the quality of organic products. The authoress takes a positive view on limiting possible exemptions from the requirements of organic production to natural disasters and linking them to the provisions on rural development. At the same time she expresses a negative opinion on the possibility of seeking exemption from the requirement to obtain certificates. In relation to the competences of the certifying authorities, the new Regulation retains a greater terminological precision in determining the subject of control and certification and defines more precisely the criteria for delegating tasks in the organic farming control system to institutions. This issue, however, needs to be detailed in the legislations of European Union Member States.
Odyssean Motifs in the Middle Comedy: Witches, Monsters and Courtesans
Authors: Stuligrosz Magdalena
Published: October 2020

The purpose of this paper is to show how Middle Comedy authors re-work mythical motifs and characters borrowed from Homer’s epic poetry, inserting them into the various contexts of everyday life and imbuing them with new meaning. The analysis focuses on the fragments of plays by Anaxilas and Ephippus, which draw on the motif of animal transformation and of Odysseus’ encounter with Circe and mythical monsters.
Klaudiusz Elian o nazwach cykad
Authors: Kaczyńska Elwira , Witczak Krzysztof Tomasz
Published: October 2020

In his work Περὶ ζῴων ἰδιότητος (De natura animalium X 44) Claudius Aelian describes cicadas’ names in the following way: „There are, it seems, many species of cicada (τέττιξ), and those who are skilled in these matters enumerate them and report their names. Thus, the Ashen one (τεφράς) is so called from its colour; whence the Membrax (μέμβραξ) got its name I do not know; and Chirper (λακέτας), it appears, is the name for a cicada; and I have heard tell of the Long-tail (κερκώπη) and the Shriller (ἀχέτας) and the Prickly one (ἀκάνθιος). Well, these are all the kinds of Cicada of which I remember having heard the names, but if anyone has got to know more than those that I have mentioned, he must tell them” (translated by Scholfield 1959: 339–341). It is necessary to follow Aelian’s suggestion and explain all the mentioned cicadas’ names from the point of view of the Greek etymology and word-formation.
Виявлення факторів впливу на навчальну мотивацію студентів-спортсменів
Authors: Ткачов Сергій , Ткачов Наталія , Ткачев Артем
Published: October 2020

Мета: виявити фактори впливу на навчальну мотивацію студентів-спортсменів (на прикладі Харківської державної академії фізичної культури).

Матеріал і методи. Залучено до дослідження 37 студентів 2-го курсу денної форми навчання. Упродовж листопада- грудня 2018 р. здійснено збір необхідних даних шляхом застосування спостереження, індивідуальних та групових бе- сід, тестування. У січні-лютому 2019 року вивчено одержані дані шляхом застосування аналізу, систематизації, статистичного аналізу, узагальнення.

Результати: За наслідками дослідження упродовж 2018-2019 навчального року виявлено фактори впливу на навчаль- ну мотивацію студентів-спортсменів: ставлення професорсько-викладацького складу до студентів, психологічний фон у студентській групі, інтерес до навчальної дисципліни. прагнення студентів до самореалізації. Важливим інтегрованим фактором є імідж викладача, який відображує його прагнення постійно вдосконалюватися, мати активну життєву позицією, бажання працювати зі студентами – прагнути цікаво і доступно викладати, бути дисциплінованим, консультувати, підтримувати, надавати рекомендації щодо навчання, мотивувати студентів до активної навчальної роботи.

Висновки: Результати досліджень підтвердили необхідність інтеграції педагогічних та психологічних знань для «культивування» у студентській свідомості розуміння щодо навчання як засобу саморозвитку, позитивного ставлення до майбутньої професії шляхом ствердження цінності знання, устремління до професійних і життєвих досягнень.

Ключові слова навчальна мотивація, фактори впливу, провідні мотиви студентів-спортсменів, імідж викладача.
Оцінювання рівня розвитку технічних навичок у спортсменів-орієнтувальників
Authors: Шип Надія
Published: October 2020

Мета: вивчення проблеми оцінювання рівня технічної підготовки спортсменів-орієнтувальників, розробка, впрова- дження тестів, які могли б допомогти тренеру та спортсменам визначити перспективи на напрями подальшого вдо- сконалення, ліквідувати недоліки в технічній підготовці.

Матеріали і методи: у дослідженні приймали участь студенти педагогічного університету, що займаються в секції спортивного орієнтування. Досліджувався рівень розвитку технічних навичок, вивчалися зміни у рівні технічної під- готовки внаслідок застосування спеціально розроблених тестів. Після застосування системи тестів було проведено аналіз успішності діяльності студентів у порівнянні з контрольною групою.

Результати: підчасспостереження та обробкиданихбуло виявлено, що систематичневикористання тестів набагато поліпшило рівень технічної підготовки спортсменів та може бути рекомендовано для використання в тренувальному процесі.

Висновки: враховуючи різноманітність змагальної діяльності у спортивному орієнтуванні, велика кількість та творче застосування тестів, їхня індивідуалізація допоможуть спортсменам повністю реалізувати свій потенціал.

Ключові слова тест, спортивне орієнтування, читання карти, умовна позначка
Самооцінка та рівень домагань вихованців футбольного клубу для дошкільнят
Authors: Павлик Олена
Published: October 2020

Мета полягає у дослідженні самооцінки та рівня домагань вихованців футбольного клубу для дошкільнят м. Харків. Матеріал і методи: у експерименті прийняли участь 15 хлопчиків у віці від 6 до 7 років, які займаються футболом від 5 місяців до 1,5 року. Для дослідження самооцінки та рівня домагань дітей ми застосували методику «Драбинка». Результати: отримані у ході дослідження данні свідчать, що у групі вихованців майже за всіма запропонованими характеристика рівень домагань вищий за рівень самооцінки. Лише за характеристиками ризикованості і тривожності досліджувані вихованці мають однакові показники як за самооцінкою, так і за рівнем домагань.
Висновки: загальний рівень самооцінки досліджуваних вихованців футбольного клубу для дошкільнят знаходиться на першій сходинці, що вказує на адекватну самооцінку з тенденцією на занижену. Результати рівня домагань вказують на реалістичний рівень з тенденцією на завищений

Ключові слова самооцінка, рівень домагань, футбол, дошкільнята, психодіагностика, методика «Драбинка».
Peculiarities of Georgia’s Student Youth’s Self-Preservative Behavior
Authors: MENABDISHVILI L.E. , MENABDISHVILI N.E. , GOMELAURI N.A.
Published: October 2020

This paper is based on the sociological research — “Self-preservative behavior among students” — conducted directly by the authors with the participation of the students. Using random selection, we have interviewed 1200 students ranging between ages 1824 from various universities of Tbilisi, inasmuch as 70 % of the higher educational institutions are located in the said city. Th e interview was conducted by the questionnaire method. Th e questionnaire included open and closed questions, and they were filled out with the help of trained interviewers. One of the significant factors of state national security and economic stability is population’s health. It determines the demographic potential of a country on a macro level. Therefore, it is important to study the self-preservative behavior of the population. Our research is the first sociological study of Georgian students in the new century. It has enabled us to study the student youths’ values, motives, attitudes, norms of behavior in terms of their health and to identify risk factors affecting the same. Th e research has confirmed that in terms of health, there exist masculine and feminine models of behavior among the student youth. Women are prone to value their health less, care for it more and tend to have a higher life expectancy disposition than men, whose model of behavior is sharply opposite than that of the women. As for the men, they value their-health more and care for it less than the women. Furthermore, there emerged mistakes made during the upbringing of youth in terms of establishment of the culture of self-preservative behavior. Those students who developed habits of caring for their health in childhood stand out when evaluating their health, have a highly developed understanding of the importance of health, excel at caring for their health and avoid bad habits. Respondents from both sexes understand well that a constant care for health has a positive impact on life expectancy, however for the ma jority of students healthcare has a medical character rather than a prophylactic one. A certain portion of them visit a doctor aft er their condition becomes worse or start self-medication. A person’s attitude toward life expectancy is viewed as an individual’s long-term necessity which entails a desire for a long life and appropriate self-preservative behavior. Th e research has con firmed a direct correlation between self-appraisal of one’s health and the parameter of anesti mated life expectancy. Th e respondents reckon that the lower the self-appraisal of their health the less the estimated life expectancy. In addition, caring for health has a big impact on the presumption of life expectancy. Th e indicator of an ideal, desired and estimated life expectancy is high among those respondents who always care for their health.
Deprivation Energy Poverty Indicators
Authors: NOVAK I.M.
Published: October 2020

The article is devoted to the study of the features of deprivation as indirect indicators of energy poverty of population in the context of sustainable human development. Based on a generalization of approaches to understanding and assessing energy poverty, it is proposed to consider fuel poverty as part of a broader concept of energy poverty of population, which includes not only access to and provision of energy resources and services, but also meeting a number of vital social, economic and environmental human needs. Th e aim of the study is to analyze the energy poverty of population based on a consensus approach to assessing the features of deprivation and identifying the groups of population, which are most vulnerable to the risks of energy poverty. Th e scientific novelty of this work is the formulation of a new approach to the expanded interpretation of energy poverty in the context of sustainable human development and the use of consensus approach in analyzing the features of deprivation to identify the most vulnerable groups of the population to the risks of energy poverty in Ukraine/ Th e following research methods are used: generalization and systematic analysis, which allowed to study the available scientific achievements in determining the energy poverty of population and justify the research methodology; statistical analysis and com parison to collect and systematize data, to determine the features of deprivation; abstract logical to formulate conclusions based on the results of the study.А global and European approaches to understanding and measuring energy poverty are generalized. On the basis of available national statistics, the features of deprivation as indirect indicators of energy poverty in Ukraine are analyzed, and socio-demographic groups of the population within in creased risks of energy poverty are identified. In the context of sustainable human development, the need for a broader theoretical understanding of the energy poverty of the population has been identified, which should combine the availability and provision of energy resources and also services to meet vital social, economic and environmental human needs. Th e expediency of using a consensus approach to assess the features of deprivation in determining the groups of the population that are most vulnerable to the risks of energy poverty is argued.
Health Care Use Among Latinx Children After 2017 Executive Actions on Immigration
Authors: Cholera Rushina , Ranapurwala Shabbar I. , Linton Julie , Shmuel Shahar , Miller-Fitzwater Anna , Best Debra L. , Simha Shruti , Flower Kori B.
Published: October 2020

BACKGROUND:

US immigration policy changes may affect health care use among Latinx children. We hypothesized that January 2017 restrictive immigration executive actions would lead to decreased health care use among Latinx children.

METHODS:

We used controlled interrupted time series to estimate the effect of executive actions on outpatient cancellation or no-show rates from October 2016 to March 2017 (“immigration action period”) among Latinx children in 4 health care systems in North Carolina. We included control groups of (1) non-Latinx children and (2) Latinx children from the same period in the previous year (“control period”) to account for natural trends such as seasonality.

RESULTS:

In the immigration action period, 114 627 children contributed 314 092 appointments. In the control period, 107 657 children contributed 295 993 appointments. Relative to the control period, there was an immediate 5.7% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.40%–10.9%) decrease in cancellation rates among all Latinx children, but no sustained change in trend of cancellations and no change in no-show rates after executive immigration actions. Among uninsured Latinx children, there was an immediate 12.7% (95% CI: 2.3%–23.1%) decrease in cancellations; however, cancellations then increased by 2.4% (95% CI: 0.89%–3.9%) per week after immigration actions, an absolute increase of 15.5 cancellations per 100 appointments made.

CONCLUSIONS:

There was a sustained increase in cancellations among uninsured Latinx children after immigration actions, suggesting decreased health care use among uninsured Latinx children. Continued monitoring of effects of immigration policy on child health is needed, along with measures to ensure that all children receive necessary health care.
Colonización de macroinvertebrados acuáticos en tres tipos de sustratos artificiales, en un río tropical
Authors: Quesada-Alvarado Francisco , Solano-Ulate Darha
Published: October 2020

Introducción: Existen diferentes metodologías para la recolecta de macroinvertebrados acuáticos (p.e., la red D y Red Surber), sin embargo, algunas de estas no son efectivas en todos los cuerpos de agua o representa un riesgo para la persona que adquiere la muestra. Los sustratos artificiales pueden emplearse en ríos profundos, contaminados o con presencia de cocodrilos. En Costa Rica hay estudios donde se utilizó los sustratos artificiales, para determinar la riqueza y abundancia en humedales tipo lago y lagunas, no obstante se desconoce la efectividad de un tipo de sustrato sobre otro y en sistemas lóticos. El objetivo del estudio fue demostrar la efectividad de tres tipos de sustratos artificiales. Métodos: las muestras se obtuvieron de manera bimensual entre los años 2013 y 2017, en el Río Parismina, Costa Rica, en cuatro sitios a lo largo del río y se evaluó los sustratos piedra, madera y hojas. Se aplicó una prueba de Kruskal-Wallis para determinar las diferencias entre la abundancia y el tipo de sustrato, como también para determinar la diferencia entre la abundancia y el sitio de muestreo. Además, para determinar si existe una diferencia entre los sustratos por sitio, se aplicó una prueba Permanova de dos vías. Un análisis de correspondencia múltiple para determinar el grado de asociación de la comunidad con respecto al tipo de sustrato. Resultados: Un total de 1159 organismos fueron recolectados, siendo Diptera y Ephemeroptera los órdenes más abundantes. La madera y hojas fueron los sustratos con mayor biodiversidad, como también los sitios con mayor vegetación. Conclusiones: El uso en conjunto de los tres tipos de sustratos artificiales, es efectivo para obtener una mayor riqueza de organismos, ya que se observó afinidad por un sustrato según el género de macroinvertebrado acuático.
Feeding preferences in aquatic invertebrates associated to Egeria densa in a tropical high-mountain lake
Authors: Pedroza-Ramos Adriana , Tamaris-Turizo Cesar E. , Aranguren-Riaño Nelson
Published: October 2020

Introduction: The benthic fauna of the littoral zone in lakes is important in transferring energy to other trophic levels, habitat coupling, and helping to keep habitat stability. The study of this type of interactions in lentic systems is priority, since functional aspects about biological communities are unknown. Objective: Describing the trophic relations of aquatic invertebrates of the littoral zone in a tropical high mountain lake by characterizing gut content and stable isotope analysis of δ13C and δ15N. Methods: Samples of benthic invertebrates were collected in the littoral zone of the Lago de Tota where Egeria densa was present using a handheld net method. Samples were processed in the laboratory, organisms were identified, counted and weighed. Gut contents and δ13C and δ15N stable isotopes analysis were performed as well. Results: Records of the trophic relations of aquatic invertebrates, which live in the littoral in high mountain lentic ecosystem in the Neotropics are shown. The analysis of gut contents distinguished seven food items, microphytes and MOPF were the most frequent, and through the stable isotopes analysis (δ15N) we identified four trophic levels, among resources (macrophytes and POM), and consumers (detritivores, herbivores, and predators). The two upper trophic levels concentrated greater diversity and biomass. Conclusion: Most of the organisms studied were linked to omnivorous habits, evidenced in a wide spectrum of food items in their diet. The δ15N values show an enrichment, which occurs due to the effects of the tendency towards eutrophication of the system or due to unknown values of protozoa and bacteria that plays a fundamental role in the diet of these organisms, besides the δ13C values reported in organisms consumes, allows us to suggest an affinity with native resources of the littoral zone.
Macroinvertebrates of Eichhornia crassipes (Pontederiaceae) roots in the alluvial floodplain of large tropical rivers (Argentina)
Authors: Poi Alicia S. G. , Neiff Juan J. , Casco Sylvina L. , Gallardo Luciana I.
Published: October 2020

Introduction: Eichhornia crassipes is a dominant aquatic plant of neotropical-river floodplains and is invasive in warm waters of different continents. Plants provide food and habitat for fish, especially Prochilodus lineatus and Gymnotus omarorum, which are relevant to subsistence fishing by local indigenous communities. Objective: In this study we describe the main traits of E. crassipes floating meadows, and analyze the abundance and composition of macroinvertebrate assemblages associated with their roots in two floodplain wetlands of the Paraná River (within the Ramsar site Wetlands Chaco) and of the Pilcomayo River (within the Pilcomayo River National Park). Methods: During spring and summer, the macroinvertebrates were collected in monospecific stands of E. crassipes with a net of 962 cm2 area and 500 µm mesh size. Leaf density, the biomass of leaves and roots, the length of leaves and roots, and the water quality were measured simultaneously. Results: Temperature, oxygen concentration, and nutrient content were significantly higher and electrical conductivity was lower in the Pilcomayo than in the Paraná floodplain. E. crassipes growing in the Pilcomayo floodplain had longer leaves and less root biomass than those found in the Paraná floodplain. The number of macroinvertebrates per 1 000 g root dry weight and per m2 was significantly different between both floodplains, but the taxon richness was similar. Non Metric Multidimensional Scaling analysis differentiated the abundance of 14 selected taxa between both floodplains, and showed a high correlation between the environmental variables and macroinvertebrate abundance. The most abundant taxonomic groups in the Paraná River floodplain were oligochaetes (Naididae), ostracods mainly Cytheridella ilosvayi and larvae of non-biting midges (Chironomidae). Two families, Hydrobiidae (Heleobia parchappii) and Chironomidae accounted for 49.3 % of the total abundance in the Pilcomayo floodplain. The prawns Macrobrachium jelskii and M. amazonicum, frequent in the Pilcomayo floodplain, were not found in the Paraná floodplain. Conclusions: The different environmental conditions in both floodplains affect the abundance, composition, and the dominance of macroinvertebrate assemblages; however, the total taxa richness was similar. The area occupied by E. crassipes in the floodplains of these rivers provides the habitat that contributes most to overall biotic diversity, which must be considered in management strategies.
Estudio de la diversidad taxonómica y funcional de los macroinvertebrados en un río de montaña Andino
Authors: Díaz-Rojas Camila Andrea , Motta-Díaz Ángela Judith , Aranguren-Riaño Nelson
Published: October 2020

Introducción: La estructura, diversidad taxonómica y diversidad funcional del ensamblaje de macroinvertebrados acuáticos son estimadores sensibles a las variaciones del medio circundante. El ambiente físico es un factor fundamental, donde el sustrato y la dinámica hidráulica modifican la disponibilidad de recursos, la estructuración, el funcionamiento de la comunidad y del ecosistema. Objetivo: Determinar la estructura, diversidad taxonómica y diversidad funcional del ensamblaje de macroinvertebrados bajo diferentes condiciones abióticas en el río Hato Laguna, tributario del Lago de Tota. Métodos: Se recolectaron 120 muestras biológicas en cuatro momentos de muestreos en dos tramos en el río. Se midieron in situ profundidad, velocidad del flujo, ancho de canal y rugosidad del sustrato. Los rasgos funcionales evaluados fueron: longitud corporal, forma corporal, tipo de respiración, movilidad, gremio trófico y grupos funcionales alimenticios. Resultados: Se identificaron un total de 38 taxones; los órdenes Diptera, Coleoptera y Trichoptera presentaron la mayor riqueza de familias y géneros. Hubo mayor abundancia de Orthocladiinae, Andesiops sp. y Simulium sp. en condiciones de alta velocidad del flujo en los tramos altos; Nectopsyche sp. fue abundante en los tramos bajos relacionados con menores velocidades y mayor ancho del canal. Según los índices de diversidad taxonómica se presentó variación por tramos y muestreos sin observarse tendencias. En los tramos altos, el gremio trófico MOPF (colectores), respiración por tegumento y tamaño del cuerpo pequeño fueron característicos. En los tramos bajos, el ensamblaje fue de tipo raspador con respiración por branquias y forma del cuerpo aplanada. La riqueza, divergencia y equidad funcional fueron mayores en el tramo alto. En el Análisis de Correspondencia Canónica, los mayores valores de ancho y velocidad se relacionaron con categorías adherido al sustrato y endobentónico, mientras que valores bajos de ancho y rugosidad se relacionaron con las categorías de forma del cuerpo aplanado, recurso alimentario micrófitas y tamaño del cuerpo máximo. Conclusiones: El sistema presentó variación en las condiciones abióticas, en la estructura, diversidad taxonómica y funcional de los macroinvertebrados. Se resalta el papel de la velocidad del flujo como una variable determinante de la estructura y función del ensamblaje de macroinvertebrados. Asimismo, se destaca la diversidad funcional como una expresión de los rasgos descritos, por lo cual se relaciona en los tramos altos con la dominancia de taxones como Orthocladiinae, Chironominae, Simulium sp. y Andesiops sp.