bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Diversity and structure preferences for ant-hemipteran mutualisms in cocoa trees (Theobroma cacao L., Sterculiaceae)
Authors: Koch Elmo Borges de Azevedo , Marques Thamy E. D. , Mariano Cléa S. F. , Neto Esperidião A. S. , Arnhold Alexandre , Peronti Ana L. B. G. , Delabie Jacques H. C.
Published: June 2020

The aim of this study is to evaluate the diversity and specificity of ant-hemipteran mutualisms according to the different structures observed on cocoa trees. The experiment was carried out in two cocoa planting systems: cabruca and derruba total at Ilhéus, Brazil. We made observations and collected monthly over one year the mutualistic ants and hemipterans that occurred on Theobroma cacao L. trees. Observations were performed on cacao trees at three distinct sites of the plant: flowers, pods and leaf flush. We observed 932 ant-hemipteran associations, comprising 203 different mutualistic interactions. The assemblage was composed of 26 hemipteran species and 54 ant species. No differences were observed in the ant community, however, we found differences in the hemipteran community according to the different structure evaluated. We recorded a total of 404 trophobiosis events on pods, 394 on leaf flushes and 134 on flowers. Our results point out the diversity of ant-hemipteran trophobioses in the cocoa agrosystems resembles the diversity found in tropical forests and demonstrate that the location of interactions may result in ecological restrictions for some organisms involved in these trophobioses in cacao agrosystems.
A new species of Discothyrea Roger (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) from the Brazilian Atlantic Rainforest
Authors: Chaul Júlio
Published: June 2020

A new species of the cosmopolitan genus Discothyrea Roger, a member of the Proceratiinae subfamily, is described for the Brazilian Atlantic Forest. The species, Discothyrea bobi sp. nov., is compared to the other New World species described for the genus so far. Two putatively important morphological features of the genus, the palpal formula and the antennal pits, are discussed.
Assessing sodium limitation as a resource for ground-dwelling ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in an area of the Amazonian Terra Firme Forest
Authors: Mendoza-Penagos Cristian Camilo , Hessen Knut Olav  Vadla , Almeida Rony Peterson Santos
Published: June 2020

The availability of nutrients in the soil acts as a filter in the ants that inhabit this layer, affecting their foraging patterns and showing preferences or limitations on their nutritional needs. Especially in environments far from the ocean, the salt deficit can be a limiting resource in the environment. Here, we test whether changes in species richness and composition reveal food preferences for ants that inhabit the soil, using sugar and salt as attractions in an area of the Amazon Forest. In total, 21 species in nine genera were collected; all species were collected in sugar and only two in salt. In addition to the ant richness eleven times greater in sugar, the composition differed between the attractions. Our results indicate that the litter ants in the preserved forest are not limited by availability of sodium and they prefer sugar to salt as attractant, even with this environment far from the coast.
Relações alométricas entre os tamanhos de sementes artificiais removidas e de formigas em um fragmento florestal na Amazônia Central
Authors: Matos Lilian Caroline Nunes de , Santana Flavia Delgado , Baccaro Fabricio Beggiato
Published: June 2020

As formigas são os principais dispersores invertebrados de sementes encontradas no solo. No entanto, ainda conhecemos pouco sobre a história natural das espécies de formigas e como elas poderiam atuar na dispersão de sementes. Em busca de padrões alométricos entre formigas e sementes, que poderiam ser extrapolados para outros locais e outras espécies, comparamos modelos de sementes artificiais com tamanhos diferentes e os relacionamos com algumas medidas de tamanho das formigas. As sementes artificiais foram oferecidas em seis transectos com dez pontos de observação instalados no campus da Universidade Federal do Amazonas, em Manaus. Foram registradas 20 espécies de formigas interagindo com as sementes artificiais. Formigas do gênero Ectatomma removeram uma quantidade maior de sementes, seguidas por Pheidole, Odontomachus e Pachycondyla. A maior distância percorrida foi de 5,10 m, em um evento de dispersão por E. brunneum Smith, 1858. Formigas menores de 2 mm não removeram nenhum dos modelos de sementes artificiais, mas consumiram o arilo artificial no local onde a semente foi oferecida. Nossos resultados reforçam que a qualidade da dispersão de sementes é dependente da identidade do parceiro (espécie de formiga), mas que formigas maiores removem mais sementes e a distâncias maiores
A mirmecologia brasileira no século XXI: a coleção do Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia
Authors: Fernandes Itanna , De Oliveira Marcio Luiz
Published: June 2020

Sediado na região de maior biodiversidade do planeta, o Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia (INPA) abriga milhões de organismos preservados, coletados principalmente na floresta amazônica. Os acervos mais antigos possuem mais de 60 anos e já testemunharam alterações de grande porte na biota amazônica. A coleção mirmecológica recebeu seus primeiros exemplares no início de 1970. Atualmente, essa coleção conta com mais de 300 mil exemplares montados em alfinetes, divididos em 225 gavetas, distribuídas em nove colunas em um corredor inteiro entre os armários compactadores. A coleção em via úmida conta com volume igual e talvez superior. Ao todo, a coleção de Formicidae possui representantes de 13 subfamílias e de 108 gêneros, entre espécies brasileiras e de outros países, bem como de outras regiões biogeográficas. A coleção também recebe bastante destaque ao possuir o maior acervo no mundo de machos da espécie Martialis heureka, com total de 21 exemplares. Considerada uma das cinco maiores coleções do país, os acervos da biota amazônica mantidos pelo INPA são de valor inestimável, reconhecidos em nível nacional e internacional pela sua importância estratégica e representatividade da fauna, flora e microbiota amazônica.
A Coleção de Formicidae do Centro de Pesquisas do Cacau (CPDC), Ilhéus, Bahia, Brasil
Authors: Delabie Jacques Hubert Charles , Santos-Neto Esperidião A. , Oliveira Muriel L. , Silva Priscila S. , Santos Roberta J. , Caitano Bianca , Mariano Cléa S. F. , Arnhold Alexandre , Koch Elmo Borges de Azevedo
Published: June 2020

Criada em 1990, a Coleção de Formicidae do Centro de Pesquisas do Cacau (CPDC) conta atualmente com cerca de 500.000 espécimes, em geral montados a seco, correspondendo a aproximadamente 4.000 espécies nominais e morfoespécies. Além da coleção geral, existe uma pequena coleção de tipos e uma biblioteca de pesquisa no âmbito do Laboratório de Mirmecologia. O laboratório é multi-institucional e a curadoria da CPDC está hoje dividida entre J.H.C. Delabie (Centro de Pesquisas do Cacau/Comissão Executiva de Plano da Lavoura Cacaueira – CEPEC/CEPLAC e Universidade Estadual Santa Cruz - UESC) e A. Arnhold (Universidade Federal do Sul da Bahia - UFSB). O bioma Mata Atlântica, sobretudo da Bahia e do Espírito Santo, está particularmente bem representado, com séries de amostras provenientes de florestas, manguezais, cacauais, sistemas agroflorestais, pastagens e outros cultivos regionais. A coleção contribui também na conservação de muito material biológico brasileiro da região amazônica, do Cerrado, da Caatinga e de outros países da região neotropical, assim como de outras regiões biogeográficas. A dinâmica de incorporação do material biológico na coleção é detalhada ao longo do texto, assim como as perspectivas de desenvolvimento das futuras ações previstas em torno da Coleção CPDC, em parcerias com a UESC e a UFSB.
HAZARDOUS NATURAL PROCESSES ACTIVITY EVALUATION IN THE YUSENGI GORGE (THE ELBRUS REGION, CENTRAL CAUCASUS)
Authors: Мискарова Р.Г. , Докукин М.Д. , Савернюк Е.А. , Хаткутов А.В. , Калов Р.Х. , Остапцов О.В.
Published: June 2020

При сравнении аэрофотоснимков 1983 и 1988 гг. был выявлен факт схода обвала со склона г.
Гогутай (3 753 м). На основе анализа рельефа правого склона долины выявлены массивы ополз-
ней, которые в литературе отмечены как сейсмогенные.
Активность селевых процессов определялась по изменению контуров зон селевых отложений
на трех конусах выноса и по изменениям русел на участке широкой поймы.
Факты схода лавин устанавливались в результате сравнения разновременных космоснимков
и их GIF-анимаций по наличию лавинных снежников в весенне-летний период, по характеру и
ареалам растительности, а также по уникальному космоснимку в момент схода лавины. Гра-
ницы лавиносборов определялись на основе карты уклонов склонов в сравнении с локальным
рельефом местности, фотографиями с маршрутных обследований и контурами лавинных от-
ложений на космоснимках. Всего выделено 60 лавиносборов (включающих более 200 путей схода
лавин), суммарной площадью 23,4 км2.

On the basis of route surveys data in 2008, 2010, 2016 and 2017, decryption of space images from 2015 to 2019
and aerial photographs from 1957 to 1988, the paper considers the activity of dangerous natural processes in the Yusengi
Valley: mudfl ows, landslides, avalanches and rockslides.
When comparing aerial photographs of 1983 and 1988, the fact of the rockslide from the slope of the mountain Gogutai (3
753 m) is revealed. On the basis of the relief analysis of the right slope of the valley, landslides masses that are known in
literature as seismogenic have been identifi ed.
The activity of mudfl ow processes was determined by the change in the contours of the zones of the mudfl ow deposits on
the three debris cones and by the changes of the stream course in the wide fl oodplain area.
The facts of the avalanche collapse were established as a result of the comparison of space images and their GIF animations
taken at different times, which carried out in terms of the avalanche snow-patches presence during the spring and summer
period, considering the nature and habitat of vegetation, and also the unique space image taken at the very moment of the
avalanche collapse. The borders of avalanche catchments were determined on the basis of a map of slopes in comparison
with the local terrain, photographs from route surveys and ontours of avalanche deposits on space images. A total of 60
avalanche catchments (including more than 200 avalanche paths), with a total area of 23.4 km2, have been isolated.
KHAMYTS – A UNIQUE CHARACTER OF THE OSSETIAN NARTIAD
Authors: Чибиров Л.А.
Published: June 2020

Нарт Хамыц – фигура рельефная, главенствующая в осетинской На-
ртиаде, не лишенная подлинного достоинства и магической силы. Однако, соглас-
но сюжету большинства сказаний («Нартовский ныхас», «Как Сырдон изготовил
фандыр» и др.), Хамыц представлен посредственным, не совершавшим подвигов
воином, в мужестве и ответственности уступавшим брату-близнецу Урузмагу. На-
рты отзывались о нем нелестно: склонность к чревоугодию, жестокосердие, же-
нолюбие. При этом он не оспаривал справедливость подобных оценок. Между тем
неразумность и мстительность Хамыца, имевшие трагические последствия, обво-
рачиваются для нартов добром. Так, он оставил склеп матери без присмотра, и на
свет появились Сатáна, первый из земных коней Арфан и первый земной пес Силам. А истребление семьи
Сырдона имело следствием изобретение музыкального инструмента – фандыра.
Факт поражения «женской болезнью» роднит Хамыца со скифскими энареями и еще больше – с легендой о
фее Маха из ирландской легенды об уладах.

The Nart Khamyts is a prominent fi gure predominating in the Ossetian Nartiade, who is not
devoid of genuine dignity and miraculous power. However, according to the plot of most legends (“The
Narts’ nykhas”, “How Syrdon made the fandyr”, etc.), Khamyts is represented as a mediocre warrior,
who has not performed any feats and is inferior to his twin-brother Uruzmag in terms of courage and
responsibility. Narts spoke unfl attering things about him: a tendency to gluttony, hardheartedness,
seduction of women, the owner of a wonderful «Arkiz tooth». However, he did not dispute the validity
of such estimates. Meanwhile, the unreasonableness and vindictiveness of Khamyts, having tragic
consequences, is turning good for the Narts. So, he left his mother’s crypt unattended, where in the
meantime Satána, the fi rst of the earthly horses Arfan and the fi rst of the earthly dog Silam came into the
world. And the extermination of Syrdon’s family resulted in the invention of the musical instrument fandyr.
The fact that Khamyts was struck by the “female disease” makes him related to the Scythian enareas and
even more to the legend of the fairy Mach from the Irish legend of the Ulaid.
Professional Development that Changes Teaching and Improves Learning
Authors: Germuth Amy A.
Published: June 2020

Each year school districts invest financial resources in professional development for their educators. Beyond the cost, educators spend countless hours in workshops, training, webinars, and other learning environments intended to enhance and deepen their knowledge and skills to increase student success. Too often the return on this investment is minimal in learning transfer for educators or measurable academic gains for students and maximum in participant dissatisfaction. Substantial research in effective professional development models exists. When applied to professional development, measurable change in the learning process occurs.

In 2015 WakeEd Partnership and Wake County Public School System (WCPSS), North Carolina’s largest school system, applied that research to the design of an engaging, results-oriented professional development opportunity for elementary and secondary educators – SummerSTEM. WakeEd Partnership is an education non-profit (501c3) that exists to inform, mobilize and engage the business community in support of strong public schools in Wake County. During its 35-year history, WakeEd has differentiated itself as an organization dedicated to supporting educators through professional development and resources. SummerSTEM is a hands-on professional development experience that addresses the needs of educators — adult learners — and brings real-world lessons to the classroom.
La formación de lectores literarios desde la obra de Eliacer Cansino
Authors: Romero Oliva Manuel Francisco , Trigo Ibáñez Ester , Moreno Verdulla Pablo
Published: June 2020

Este artículo se adentra en los temas y tópicos vitales de la obra de literatura de Eliacer Cansino destinada a un público juvenil e invita a reflexionar sobre cómo su disfrute puede desarrollar el pensamiento crítico de los adolescentes del siglo XXI. Para abordar esta investigación se ha recurrido a una metodología de corte descriptivo, utilizando la técnica de análisis documental. De esta manera, dado que literatura y realidad constituyen dos caras de una moneda al formar jóvenes lectores, teniendo en cuenta estudios precedentes, se elaboró una lista de cotejo en torno al canon formativo de la literatura de la adolescencia y la juventud. Los resultados justifican que la lectura de la obra de Eliacer Cansino destinada inicialmente a un público juvenil es un referente literario para el desarrollo del pensamiento crítico desde la experiencia lectora.

 
Geografías literarias. Un itinerario (inter)cultural por Galicia. Literatura por tareas para alumnos de ELE B2
Authors: Moreno Verdulla Pablo
Published: June 2020

Reseña de:

NÚÑEZ SABARÍS, X.

Geografías literarias. Un itinerario (inter)cultural por Galicia. Literatura por tareas para alumnos de ELE B2

Santiago de Compostela: Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 2018.
Microrrelatos intertextuales: una ventana al canon literario en el aula de ELE
Authors: Mateos Blanco Belén
Published: June 2020

El desarrollo de esta propuesta pretende establecer unos criterios cuya aplicación revele la idoneidad de los textos literarios que los estudiantes de ELE trabajarán el aula. El método de valoración aquí planteado implica un ejercicio reflexivo en torno a dos conceptos: el de Canon Occidental de Harold Bloom y el de canon literario para la didáctica de lenguas integrado a su vez por cuatro modelos: canon normativo, canon disponible o materializado, canon directo y canon indirecto. La categorización temática del corpus de microrrelatos intertextuales del grupo leonés y el análisis de sus confluencias funda un patrón para la explotación de obras canónicas ejemplificado en El Quijote.
(Con)figurações do historiador em um tempo marcado pela disrupção tecnológica
Authors: Laitano Bruno Grigoletti
Published: June 2020

O presente artigo tem por objetivo observar algumas das práticas que podem ser incorporadas pelos historiadores ante as possibilidades da chamada “era digital”. Analisamos, em parte, a relação das ciências humanas com os computadores, entendendo-a como um exercício de entusiasmo e de conservação, na medida em que as tecnologias são tomadas ora como uma potência de futuro, ora como a responsável pela dissolução do nosso campo profissional. Trabalhamos, também, com certas pressões sofridas pela disciplina histórica e o consequente anseio por se atualizar, tendo em vista o recente estudo de Valdei Araujo e Mateus Pereira acerca do “atualismo”. A disrupção tecnológica parece estar formando novas identidades para a história e para os historiadores, sendo capaz de alargar as suas fronteiras e reinventar as suas tradições. Projetos criados para a internet, por exemplo, de canais no YouTube a podcasts, surgem como novas formas de atuação, e representam as (con)figurações do historiador em um tempo marcado pela inovação. Por fim, discutimos brevemente a disciplinação de novos campos ou movimentos teóricos, como são os casos das humanidades digitais e da história digital. Há razão em circunscrever o digital em limites disciplinares? Argumentamos que as recriações digitais do passado, estimuladas pelo que há de mais sofisticado no universo das novas tecnologias, devem inspirar a imaginação histórica, estando sempre desprendidas dos imperativos da disciplina.
Problematizações das tecnologias digitais na formação do professor de história no contexto amazônico
Authors: Cordeiro Leonardo Zenha , Costa Renato Pinheiro da
Published: June 2020

O presente artigo reflete sobre as possibilidades de formação de graduandos de licenciatura, pensando em diferentes usos das tecnologias digitais de informação e comunicação, elegendo como ponto de partida para essa problematização o trabalho docente em contextos diferenciados da Amazônia. Foi pautado em revisão bibliográfica que aborda discussões sobre tecnologias digitais da informação e da comunicação e seu envolvimento com a história social da Amazônia, região do Xingu, a fim de responder à questão: Como atender as demandas das tendências de inovação científica e tecnológica no contexto das Tecnologias Digitais de Informação e Comunicação (TDICs), na formação de professores? Como resultado, chegamos ao entendimento de que as tecnologias são consequências do processo de evolução da sociedade e que sua aplicação abrange aspectos do desenvolvimento em diversos setores, estando ligado à melhoria da qualidade de vida da população. Desse modo, a educação é o campo em que seu emprego pode ser difundido, havendo então necessidade de investimento na formação de professores nessa área do conhecimento.
Wikipédia: públicos globais, histórias digitais
Authors: Terres Pedro Toniazzo , Piantá Lucas Tubino
Published: June 2020

Este artigo analisa o conteúdo histórico dentro da Wikipédia e seu potencial como campo de atuação dos historiadores. A partir da compreensão da plataforma como um projeto global e multilinguístico, o artigo busca entender as relações de escrita e de divulgação do conhecimento estabelecidas entre as versões em diferentes línguas da plataforma. Utilizando como objeto os verbetes de conteúdo histórico destacados na Wikipédia em inglês e português, é realizado um levantamento de dados sobre a distribuição temporal e espacial dos verbetes, buscando identificar possíveis problemas e vieses nesse conteúdo. Por fim, o artigo busca colocar a Wikipédia dentro de um contexto mais amplo de discussões sobre o papel do historiador no público e as disputas de memória que permeiam a esfera social. Os resultados indicam a existência de um viés no conteúdo dos verbetes em direção a eventos e fenômenos históricos na Europa dos séculos XIX e XX, em ambas as línguas.
Esplendor e Crise do Constitucionalismo Global
Authors: Cenci Elve Miguel , Muniz Tânia Lobo
Published: June 2020

Neste trabalho serão discutidos os avanços e os retrocessos no direito constitucional e no direito internacional no pós-guerra. Analisa-se o mundo que emerge normativamente mais igual após a Carta da ONU, a Declaração Universal dos Direitos Humanos e os Pactos de 1966, aproximando-se de um constitucionalismo global, porém permanece desigual no plano fático. A pesquisa foi realizada por meio de revisão bibliográfica.
Comparison of Three Methods with CHROMagar for Surveillance Culture of Carbapenem-Resistant Acinetobacter baumannii
Authors: Jeon Kibum , Lee Seung Soon , Kim Hyun Soo , Kim Jae-Seok , Lee Young Kyung , Song Wonkeun , Kim Han-Sung
Published: June 2020

Background: Carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (CRAB) has emerged as an important nosocomial pathogen.The purpose of this study was to determine the effective methods for performing surveillance cultures of CRAB. Methods: Nasal and rectal swabs were obtained concurrently from hospitalized intensive care unit patients colonized with CRAB. All the samples were inoculated in CHROMagar Acinetobacter medium with CR102 (CHROMagar), MacConkey agar medium supplemented with 5 µg/mL imipenem (MCA-IPM), and triptic soy broth medium supplemented with 5 µg/ mL imipenem (TSB-IPM). CRAB detection rates for each sample were compared. Results: The CRAB detection rate in either one of the nasal or rectal swabs from the 37 patients tested were 89.2% (33/37) with the use of CHROMagar, 78.4% (29/37) with the use of MCA-IMP, and 86.5% (32/37) with the use of TSB-IMP. Conclusion: We determined that concurrent use of both nasal and rectal swabs and CHROMagar could be an effective method for CRAB surveillance cultures.
Evaluation of the AdvanSure TB/NTM Plus Real-Time PCR Assay for the Simultaneous Detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Nontuberculous Mycobacteria from Clinical Specimens
Authors: Hahm Chorong , So Min-Kyung , Chung Hae-Sun , Lee Miae
Published: June 2020

Background: The AdvanSure TB/NTM plus real-time PCR (AdvanSure plus PCR; LG Chem., Korea) assay has been developed to increase the diagnostic sensitivity of nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) compared with the currently used the AdvanSure TB/NTM real-time PCR (AdvanSure PCR; LG Chem., Korea) assay. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the performance of the AdvanSure plus PCR comparing the results with mycobacterial culture and the AdvanSure PCR. Methods: Patients (n=199) with suspected NTM or Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTC) were tested using AdvanSure plus PCR, AdvanSure PCR, acid-fast bacilli staining, and mycobacteria culture. Additionally, 200 DNA samples (n=100, MTC and n=100, NTM) were obtained from positive MTC or NTM cultures for evaluation using the AdvanSure plus PCR assay. Results: The two real-time PCR systems showed a 94.0% (n=187/199) concordance rate (Kappa=0.94). Based on culture results, the sensitivity and specificity for the detection of MTC were 100% (45/45) and 83.8% (129/154) using AdvanSure plus PCR, and 100.0% (45/45) and 99.3% (153/154) using AdvanSure PCR, respectively. The sensitivity and specificity for NTM detection were 68.0% (n=17/25) and 90.2% (n=157/174), respectively, with AdvanSure plus PCR, and 64.0% (n=16/25) and 95.4% (n=166/174), respectively, using AdvanSure PCR. With culturepositive samples, AdvanSure plus PCR tested positive for 100% of both the MTC and NTM specimens. Seven (out of 200) culture-positive samples tested positive for both MTC and NTM using the AdvanSure plus PCR. Conclusion: AdvanSure plus PCR had increased sensitivity but decreased specificity compared with AdvanSure PCR for the detection of NTM. The AdvanSure plus PCR assay can be used for the simultaneous detection of MTC and NTM in direct specimen and culture.
Are enteral nutrition solutions effective in patients with diabetic foot wounds?
Authors: Açar Sami
Published: June 2020

According to the study entitled “Turkey Diabetes, Hypertension, Obesity and Endocrinology Diseases Prevalence Study-II” that was conducted in Turkey, the prevalence of diabetes was 13.7%. An important complication that concerns most medical disciplines involved in the treatment of diabetes patients group is the development of diabetic foot ulcers. The most important risk factors for the development of this complication are neuropathy, overpressure-induced foot deformity, external trauma, infection, and peripheral arterial disease. In the treatment of diabetic foot ulcers, the ideal treatment goals are effective removal of the necrotic tissues with sharp dissection, if possible; dressing to facilitate the absorption of the exudate and healing of the ulcer area; and selection of appropriate shoes or materials to reduce the pressure on the ulcer floor. If necessary, vacuum wound dressings, hyperbaric oxygen therapy, and granulocyte stimulating factor may be used. Moreover, bypass surgery or angioplasty methods can be used in patients with low peripheral blood flow to reduce the rate of ischemia. In the presence of clinical findings that indicated infection, tissue sampling should be performed from the ulcer tissue, and antibiotic treatment should be given as per the results of the culture antibiogram. Delay in treatment can lead to the progression of infectious agents into deep tissues and undesirable orthopedic interventions. After amputation, the disease starts affecting the social life of the patient. The required long-term physical therapy and rehabilitation program should be planned in consideration of the considerable psychological disruption caused by the condition and treatment. The healthcare cost associated with this disorder also poses a problem. Two important points that need to be remembered during this process, and are easy to control are good glycemic control and healthy food intake. Good glycemic control and effective nutritional support can sometimes heal the ulcer and make treatment possible. In this regard, it is important to understand the value of nutritional supplements that replace glutamine and arginine, which are normally present in sufficient amount in our body but become essential in catabolic processes.
The trending topic of specialty in Turkey: Clinical nutrition
Authors: Demirkan Kutay , Gündoğdu Haldun , Uyar Mehmet , Kılıçturgay Sadık , Demirağ Kubilay , Abbasoğlu Osman
Published: June 2020

Objective: The curriculum of nutritional education covered in medical schools remains inadequate in both, developing and developed countries. In this study, we analyzed the current knowledge and practices regarding clinical nutrition among Turkish clinicians by examining their publications, abstract presentations, and congress participation in the field of clinical nutrition.

Methods: We conducted a search on PubMed using the headings “Turkey” and “nutrition” to identify all the published literature on clinical nutrition in Turkey. Abstract books and websites were searched to identify the abstracts published by Turkish clinicians in the Turkish Society of Enteral and Parenteral Nutrition (KEPAN) and the European Society for Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism (ESPEN) Congresses during the period from 2010 to 2020.

Results: Total 378 publications on clinical nutrition that were published by Turkish clinicians till the end of 2019 were identified; 43.4% of them were published within the previous 5 years. Most (69.8%) of these publications were from fields related to general clinical nutrition. The first article was published on the subject of malnutrition in 1961. About 500–850 healthcare professionals participated in the KEPAN congresses during the previous decade. The highest participation in these congresses was from physicians, with an increasing interest in nutrition congresses among all healthcare professionals. Abstract submissions increased in each consecutive congress except in the congress held in 2017. The progressive increase in number of abstract submissions from Turkey to the ESPEN congresses peaked in 2018. Turkey was announced as the country with the most abstract submissions to the ESPEN congresses in 2017 and 2018.

Conclusion: There is a progressively increasing trend in the number of publications on clinical nutrition in Turkey. KEPAN has played an important role in raising interest in the field of clinical nutrition among clinicians.
Pollution trace gas distributions and their transport in the Asian monsoon upper troposphere and lowermost stratosphere during the StratoClim campaign 2017
Authors: Johansson Sören , Höpfner Michael , Kirner Oliver , Wohltmann Ingo , Bucci Silvia , Legras Bernard , Friedl-Vallon Felix , Glatthor Norbert , Kretschmer Erik , Ungermann Jörn , Wetzel Gerald
Published: June 2020

Abstract. We present the first high resolution measurements of pollutant trace gases in the Asian Summer Monsoon Upper Troposphere and Lowermost Stratosphere (UTLS) from the Gimballed Limb Observer for Radiance Imaging of the Atmosphere (GLORIA) during the StratoClim (Stratospheric and upper tropospheric processes for better climate predictions) campaign with base in Kathamandu, Nepal, 2017. Measurements of peroxyacetyl nitrate (PAN), acetylene (C2H2), and formic acid (HCOOH) show strong local enhancements up to altitudes of 16 km. More than 500 pptv of PAN, more than 200 pptv of C2H2, and more than 200 pptv of HCOOH are observed. An observed local maximum of PAN and C2H2 at altitudes up to 18 km, reaching to the lowermost stratosphere, instead has been transported for a longer time. A local minimum of HCOOH is correlated with a maximum of ammonia (NH3), which suggests different wash out efficiencies of these species in the same air masses. To study the influence of convective transport to the measured pollution trace gas occurrences in detail, a trajectory analysis of the models ATLAS and TRACZILLA examined backward trajectories, starting at geolocations of GLORIA measurements with enhanced pollution trace gases. Both trajectory schemes implemented advanced techniques for detection of convective events. These convective events along trajectories leading to GLORIA measurements with enhanced pollutants are located close to regions, where satellite measurements by OMI show enhanced tropospheric columns of nitrogen dioxide (NO2) in the days prior to the observation. As an application of these highly resolved measurements, a comparison to the atmospheric models CAMS and EMAC is performed. It is demonstrated that these simulation results are able to reproduce large scale structures of the pollution trace gas distributions if the convective influence on the measured air masses is captured by the meteorological fields used by these simulations. Both models do not have sufficient horizontal resolution to capture all the convective events that are necessary to reproduce the fine structures measured by GLORIA. To investigate the influence of the strength of non-methane volatile organic compounds (NMVOCs) emissions in the EMAC model, sensitivity studies with artificially enhanced NMVOC emissions are performed. With these enhanced emissions, the simulation results succeed to reproduce the measured peak values of the pollutants, but do not improve the comparison of spatial distributions.
A meteorological–hydrological regional ensemble forecast for an early-warning system over small Apennine catchments in Central Italy
Authors: Ferretti Rossella , Lombardi Annalina , Tomassetti Barbara , Sangelantoni Lorenzo , Colaiuda Valentina , Mazzarella Vincenzo , Maiello Ida , Verdecchia Marco , Redaelli Gianluca
Published: June 2020

Abstract. The weather forecasts for precipitation have considerably improved in recent years thanks to the increase of computational power.
This allows for the use of both a higher spatial resolution and the parameterization schemes specifically developed for representing sub-grid scale physical processes at high resolution. However, precipitation estimation is still affected by errors that can impact the response of hydrological models. To the aim of improving the hydrological forecast and the characterization of related uncertainties, a regional-scale meteorological–hydrological ensemble is presented. The uncertainties in the precipitation forecast and how they propagate in the hydrological model are also investigated. A meteorological–hydrological offline coupled ensemble is built to forecast events in a complex-orography terrain where catchments of different sizes are present. The Best Discharge-based Drainage (BDD; both deterministic and probabilistic) index, is defined with the aim of forecasting hydrological-stress conditions and related uncertainty.
In this context, the meteorological–hydrological ensemble forecast is implemented and tested for a severe hydrological event which occurred over Central Italy on 15 November 2017, when a flood hit the Abruzzo region with precipitation reaching 200 mm (24 h)−1 and producing damages with a high impact on social and economic activities. The newly developed meteorological–hydrological ensemble is compared with a high-resolution deterministic forecast and with the observations (rain gauges and radar data) over the same area. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) statistical indicator shows how skilful the ensemble precipitation forecast is with respect to both rain-gauge- and radar-retrieved precipitation. Moreover, both the deterministic and probabilistic configurations of the BDD index are compared with the alert map issued by Civil Protection Department for the event showing a very good agreement.
Finally, the meteorological–hydrological ensemble allows for an estimation of both the predictability of the event a few days in advance and the uncertainty of the flood. Although the modelling framework is implemented on the basins of the Abruzzo region, it is portable and applicable to other areas.
Ensemble-based statistical interpolation with Gaussian anamorphosis for the spatial analysis of precipitation
Authors: Lussana Cristian , Nipen Thomas N. , Seierstad Ivar A. , Elo Christoffer A.
Published: June 2020

Abstract. Hourly precipitation over a region is often simultaneously simulated by numerical models and observed by multiple data sources. An accurate precipitation representation based on all available information is a valuable result for numerous applications and a critical aspect of climate. Inverse problem theory offers an ideal framework for the combination of observations with a numerical model background. In particular, we have considered a modified ensemble optimal interpolation scheme, that takes into account deficiencies of the background. An additional source of uncertainty for the ensemble background has been included. A data transformation based on Gaussian anamorphosis has been used to optimally exploit the potential of the spatial analysis, given that precipitation is approximated with a gamma distribution and the spatial analysis requires normally distributed variables. For each point, the spatial analysis returns the shape and rate parameters of its gamma distribution. The Ensemble-based Statistical Interpolation scheme with Gaussian AnamorPhosis (EnSI-GAP) is implemented in a way that the covariance matrices are locally stationary and the background error covariance matrix undergoes a localization process. Concepts and methods that are usually found in data assimilation are here applied to spatial analysis, where they have been adapted in an original way to represent precipitation at finer spatial scales than those resolved by the background, at least where the observational network is dense enough. The EnSI-GAP setup requires the specification of a restricted number of parameters and specifically the explicit values of the error variances are not needed, since they are inferred from the available data. The examples of applications presented provide a better understanding of the characteristics of EnSI-GAP. The data sources considered are those typically used at national meteorological services, such as local area models, weather radars and in-situ observations. For this last data source, measurements from both traditional and opportunistic sensors have been considered.
Biogeochemical processes accounting for the natural mercury variations in the Southern Ocean diatom ooze sediments
Authors: Zaferani Sara , Biester Harald
Published: June 2020

Abstract. Due to its toxic nature and its high potential for
biomagnification, mercury is a pollutant of concern. Understanding the
marine biogeochemical cycle of mercury is crucial as consumption of mercury-enriched marine fish is the most important pathway of human exposure to
monomethylmercury, a neurotoxin. However, due to the lack of long-term
marine records, the role of the oceans in the global mercury cycle is poorly understood. We do not have well-documented data of natural mercury
accumulations during changing environmental conditions, e.g., sea surface
conditions in the ocean. To understand the influence of different sea
surface conditions (climate-induced changes in ice coverage and biological
production) on natural mercury accumulation, we used a continuous
∼170 m Holocene biogenic sedimentary record from Adélie
Basin, East Antarctica, which mainly consists of silica-based skeletons of
diatoms. We performed principal component analysis and regression analysis
on element concentrations and corresponding residuals, respectively, to
investigate the link between sediment mercury accumulation, terrestrial
inputs, and phytoplankton productivity. Preindustrial mercury in the remote
marine basin shows extremely high accumulation rates (median:
556 µg m−2 yr−1) that displayed periodic-like variations. Our analyses
show that the variations in total mercury concentrations and accumulation
rates are associated with biological production and related scavenging of
water-phase mercury by rapidly sinking algae or algae-derived organic matter
after intense algae blooms. High accumulation rates of other major and trace elements further reveal that, in regions of high primary productivity,
settling of biogenic materials removes a large fraction of dissolved or
particulate-bound elements from the free water phase through scavenging or
biological uptake. The link between mercury cycling and primary production
will need to be considered in future studies of the marine mercury cycle
under primary production enhancement through climatic, temperature, and
nutrient availability changes.
Migrantes menores no acompañados en un espacio de transición: Milazzo (Sicilia-Italia)
Authors: Capote Alberto , Iarrera Salvatore
Published: June 2020

Sicilia ha sido una de las principales puertas de llegada de migrantes menores no acompañados a Europa, particularmente desde 2014 hasta 2017. Varios dispositivos, a escala local, se han organizado para acoger a estos jóvenes. El objetivo de este estudio es analizar la influencia de la estancia en Sicilia sobre los proyectos migratorios de estos jóvenes: si se concibe como un lugar de transición o finalmente un lugar para la permanencia. Para responder a esta pregunta nuestro estudio adopta una escala local, con una serie de entrevistas en una asociación de acogida en el municipio de Milazzo. Los resultados revelan que, si bien para muchos de estos jóvenes Sicilia constituye un espacio de transición para algunos de ellos acaba siendo un lugar en el que tentar la suerte y permanecer tras la acogida.
La participación ciudadana, factor asociado al desarrollo del turismo sostenible: caso ciudad de Ibagué (Colombia)
Authors: Murcia García Cecilia , Ramírez-Casallas John Freddy , Valderrama Riveros Oscar Camilo
Published: June 2020

Abordando el desarrollo turístico en la ciudad de Ibagué, desde el ámbito de la sostenibilidad, propiamente la dimen-sión social, la dinámica de la participación ciudadana representa un papel clave. El ejercicio se apoya en un estudio de caso que indaga sobre participación ciudadana, considerándose la comunidad un factor asociado para el desarrollo del turismo sostenible en la ciudad. Los resultados, obtenidos a través de una técnica de análisis de contenido a información recopilada mediante encuesta, reflejan posiciones subjetivas que permean problemas en la participación. En las consideraciones finales se presenta un diagrama Iceberg construido a partir de niveles que evidencian problemas y falencias que han impedido consolidar una oferta y vocación turística en la ciudad de Ibagué. Tomando como base los modelos mentales identificados, se señala un bucle retroalimentador entre partidos políticos y ciudadanos, que inhibe la participación y hunde sus raíces en la discusión sobre la importancia del desarrollo local.
Tattered Theatres: Fleeting Performances in Concentrationary Theatre
Authors: Monah Dana
Published: June 2020

This paper explores the presence of dramatic fiction in plays dealing with imprisonment within the Nazi and Communist concentrationary systems. Whether we talk about performances belonging to the pre-concentrationary past, which ghost the prison or camp world, about plays that the prisoners tell in secret to their fellow inmates, or about embedded performances, all these spectacular forms are structured by the idea of absence (of the text, of the actor), and are to be seen as instrumental in getting away from the concentrationary experience and at the same time bearing witness to it. We will consider these embedded theatrical forms (which are based on repertoire plays or attempt to dramatize (pre)concentrationary realities) as devices meant to articulate trauma. We will analyse the dramatic strategies enabling dramatists to foreground an oblique approach to the concentrationary experience.
La palabra alada de Saint-John Perse en la poesía española de la Transición: el caso de Jaime Siles y de Blanca Andreu
Authors: Lecointre Melissa
Published: June 2020

Este trabajo analiza la presencia del poeta francés conocido como Saint-John Perse en la poesía española de la Transición a través de dos casos. En un primer momento se analiza la mediación que supuso el pintor Georges Braque entre Jaime Siles y Saint-John Perse. Los poemas inspirados de la serie de litografías Oiseaux de Braque revelan en ambos autores una misma meditación sobre el proceso creador. En un segundo momento se estudia la profunda huella dejada por la obra de Saint-John Perse en el primer poemario de Blanca Andreu De una niña de provincias que se vino a vivir en un Chagall (1981), paradigmático de la manera como la amplitud del versículo y la plasticidad de las imágenes del poeta francés supuso un factor de liberación para la poesía española de la Transición.
«En tur til Sydpolen var ingen match for en brite!» Konstruksjon av «nasjonalitet» og «maskulinitet» i Jon Ewos Spillet om Sydpolen (2011)
Authors: Waage Lars Rune
Published: June 2020

I lys av jubileet for Amundsens Sydpolsferd i 1911 ble det med barn og unge som målgruppe gitt ut flere tekster som omhandlet norske polarhelter. I lys av dette har jeg valgt å fokusere på hvordan nasjonen og heltefiguren presenteres for en ung leser – og hvilken tilnærming som blir valgt for å treffe den unge leseren. Artikkelen er en lesning av Jon Ewos Spillet om Sydpolen. Et kappløp dit kartet slutter (2011) med vekt på hvordan verbaltekst og bilder bygger opp en forestilling om «norskhet» og «nasjon». I lesningen vektlegges hvordan «det norske» settes opp mot «det britiske», og slik bygger kontraster mellom to «nasjonale» væremåter. Postkolonial teori av Homi K. Bhabha og Benedict Anderson trekkes inn for å belyse hvordan «det norske» og «nasjonale» konstrueres i teksten.
English abstract
The 100 year anniversary of Roald Amundsen’s (1872–1928) expedition to the South Pole has prompted several titles in Norwegian. In this article, I review Jon Ewo’s Spillet om Sydpolen (2011) [The Game of Reaching the South Pole] using Homi K. Bhabha’s article “DissemiNation: time, narrative, and the margins of the modern nation” (1990) og Benedict Andersons book Imagined Communities. Reflections on the Origin and Spread of Nationalism (1983). I investigate how Ewo’s text and Bjørn Ousland’s illustrations construct a “Norwegian” national identity in opposition to a “British” identity represented by the second man to the South Pole – Robert Falcon Scott (1868–1912).
Barnehagen i endring – lekens plass og betydning
Authors: Nordtømme Solveig
Published: June 2020

Denne artikkelen diskuterer lekens plass og betydning i barnehagen på grunnlag av nyere lekforskning. Den tar utgangspunkt i et historisk tilbakeblikk på endringer i barnehagens styringsdokumenter fra 1975 og vel 40 år fram i tid, og ser på hva som kan ha hatt betydning for barnehagens utvikling slik den framstår i dag. I diskusjonen om lekens plass i barnehagen er det pekt på flere forhold som kan være begrensninger for den formålsfrie leken i barnehagen. Krav om strukturerte læringsaktiviteter, til dokumentasjon og vurdering i en barnehage med stadig mer kompleks organisering, kan være en trussel mot det som har kjennetegnet en norsk barnehagetradisjon der leken har hatt en sentral plass. Det kan synes som at utdanningstenkningen som etterspør systematikk, generelle anvisninger og organiserte aktiviteter har fått stort råderom i utviklingen av barnehagen og at leken og danningsperspektivet har kommet i skyggen.
English abstract
Discussions on play and its importance in kindergarten today are raised in this article. First, a short historical retrospective is presented on changes in kindergarten documents from 1975 with a timespan of 40 years ahead. In this context, a discussion on what affect the kindergarten development – as it appears today – are brought up. The article’s discussions on play and its importance in the kindergarten highlight several factors that can be restrictions on the purposes for free play among children. Claims for structured learning activities, documentation and assessment in a kindergarten – with increasingly complex organization – can be a threat to what has featured as a Norwegian kindergarten tradition where play has had an important role. It seems that educational thinking – that demands systematic, general directions and organized activities – has achieved huge scopes in the development of the kindergarten, and that play and education perspective has been overshadowed.
Skolens blinde vinkel
Authors: Sørensen Lotte Hedegaard , Grumløse Sine Penthin
Published: June 2020

Med udgangspunkt i forskningsprojektet ”Differentiering i undervisningens praksis” ser vi i denne artikel nærmere på vilkårene i den danske folkeskole. Med et øget krav om læring og inklusion i skolen oplever mange danske lærere, at det er svært at undervise på en måde der tilgodeser alle børns deltagelse i undervisningen. Nogle børn og deres vilkår for at være med i undervisningen glider sågar lærerens lærerfaglige blik af hænde. I artiklen argumenterer vi for, at dette sker, fordi lærerne ofte har fokus på undervisning i fag mere end de har fokus på de individuelle børns muligheder for at tage del i undervisningen. Vi argumenterer for, at netop blikket for børns deltagelsesmuligheder i undervisningen er nødvendigt, hvis alle klassens børn skal have mulighed for at fungere som eleve.
English abstract
This article reports on findings from ethnographic practice-research on the practice of teaching in a political context influenced by a strong focus on learning outcomes. The research project focuses on the relation between the practice of teaching and children’s participation in classroom practices. The aim of the project is to explore and bring forth knowledge about children’s different ways of participating in class during teaching and to empower teachers to include knowledge about different children in their practice of teaching. We conclude that teachers overlook some children and their participation during teaching and thus that teachers are challenged, in regard to establishing a practice of teaching based on knowledge about conditions and circumstances related to the children.