bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Synthesis and Anti-Inflammatory Activity of N(2)-Arylindazol-3(2H)-One Derivatives: Copper-Promoted Direct N-Arylation via Chan–Evans–Lam Coupling
Authors: Kim Kyungmin , Kim Jeong Ho , Choi Heejae , Lee Byeongno , Lee Jihyun , Ok Kang Min , Lee Tae Hoon , Kim Hakwon
Published: September 2023

Inflammatory-related diseases are becoming increasingly prevalent, leading to a growing focus on the development of anti-inflammatory agents, with a particular emphasis on creating novel structural compounds. In this study, we present a highly efficient synthetic method for direct N-arylation to produce a variety of N(2)-arylindazol-3(2H)-ones 3, which exhibit anti-inflammatory activity. The Chan–Evans–Lam (CEL) coupling of N(1)-benzyl-indazol-3-(2H)-ones 1 with arylboronic acids 2 in the presence of a copper complex provided the corresponding N(2)-arylindazol-3(2H)-ones 3 in good-to-excellent yields, as identified with NMR, MS, and X-ray crystallography techniques. The cell viability and anti-inflammatory effects of the synthesized compounds (3 and 5) were briefly assessed using the MTT method and Griess assay. Among them, compounds 5 exhibited significant anti-inflammatory effects with negligible cell toxicity.
Facile Synthesis of Co Nanoparticles Embedded in N-Doped Carbon Nanotubes/Graphitic Nanosheets as Bifunctional Electrocatalysts for Electrocatalytic Water Splitting
Authors: Yang Wei , Li Han , Li Pengzhang , Xie Linhua , Liu Yumin , Cao Zhenbao , Tian Chuanjin , Wang Chang-An , Xie Zhipeng
Published: September 2023

Developing robust and cost-effective electrocatalysts to boost hydrogen evolution reactions (HERs) and oxygen evolution reactions (OERs) is crucially important to electrocatalytic water splitting. Herein, bifunctional electrocatalysts, by coupling Co nanoparticles and N-doped carbon nanotubes/graphitic nanosheets (Co@NCNTs/NG), were successfully synthesized via facile high-temperature pyrolysis and evaluated for water splitting. The morphology and particle size of products were influenced by the precursor type of the cobalt source (cobalt oxide or cobalt nitrate). The pyrolysis product prepared using cobalt oxide as a cobalt source (Co@NCNTs/NG-1) exhibited the smaller particle size and higher specific surface area than that of the pyrolysis products prepared using cobalt nitrate as a cobalt source (Co@NCNTs/NG-2). Notably, Co@NCNTs/NG-1 displayed much lower potential −0.222 V vs. RHE for HER and 1.547 V vs. RHE for OER at the benchmark current density of 10 mA cm−2 than that of Co@NCNTs/NG-2, which indicates the higher bifunctional catalytic activities of Co@NCNTs/NG-1. The water-splitting device using Co@NCNTs/NG-1 as both an anode and cathode demonstrated a potential of 1.92 V to attain 10 mA cm−2 with outstanding stability for 100 h. This work provides a facile pyrolysis strategy to explore highly efficient and stable bifunctional electrocatalysts for water splitting.
Magnetoliposomes with Calcium-Doped Magnesium Ferrites Anchored in the Lipid Surface for Enhanced DOX Release
Authors: Cardoso Beatriz D. , Fernandes Diana E. M. , Amorim Carlos O. , Amaral Vítor S. , Coutinho Paulo J. G. , Rodrigues Ana Rita O. , Castanheira Elisabete M. S.
Published: September 2023

Nanotechnology has provided a new insight into cancer treatment by enabling the development of nanocarriers for the encapsulation, transport, and controlled release of antitumor drugs at the target site. Among these nanocarriers, magnetic nanosystems have gained prominence. This work presents the design, development, and characterization of magnetoliposomes (MLs), wherein superparamagnetic nanoparticles are coupled to the lipid surface. For this purpose, dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA)-functionalized Ca0.25Mg0.75Fe2O4 superparamagnetic nanoparticles were prepared for the first time. The magnetic nanoparticles demonstrated a cubic shape with an average size of 13.36 nm. Furthermore, their potential for photothermal hyperthermia was evaluated using 4 mg/mL, 2 mg/mL, and 1 mg/mL concentrations of NPs@DMSA, which demonstrated a maximum temperature variation of 20.4 °C, 11.4 °C, and 7.3 °C, respectively, during a 30 min NIR-laser irradiation. Subsequently, these nanoparticles were coupled to the lipid surface of DPPC/DSPC/CHEMS and DPPC/DSPC/CHEMS/DSPE-PEG-based MLs using a new synthesis methodology, exhibiting average sizes of 153 ± 8 nm and 136 ± 2 nm, respectively. Doxorubicin (DOX) was encapsulated with high efficiency, achieving 96% ± 2% encapsulation in non-PEGylated MLs and 98.0% ± 0.6% in stealth MLs. Finally, drug release assays of the DOX-loaded DPPC/DSPC/CHEMS MLs were performed under different conditions of temperature (37 °C and 42 °C) and pH (5.5 and 7.4), simulating physiological and therapeutic conditions. The results revealed a higher release rate at 42 °C and acidic pH. Release rates significantly increased when introducing the stimulus of laser-induced photothermal hyperthermia at 808 nm (1 W/cm2) for 5 min. After 48 h of testing, at pH 5.5, 67.5% ± 0.5% of DOX was released, while at pH 7.4, only a modest release of 27.0% ± 0.1% was achieved. The results demonstrate the potential of the MLs developed in this work to the controlled release of DOX under NIR-laser stimulation and acidic environments and to maintain a sustained and reduced release profile in physiological environments with pH 7.4.
Exploring Nitrogen-Functionalized Graphene Composites for Urinary Catheter Applications
Authors: Teixeira-Santos Rita , Gomes Luciana C. , Vieira Rita , Sousa-Cardoso Francisca , Soares Olívia S. G. P. , Mergulhão Filipe J.
Published: September 2023

Graphene has been broadly studied, particularly for the fabrication of biomedical devices, owing to its physicochemical and antimicrobial properties. In this study, the antibiofilm efficacy of graphene nanoplatelet (GNP)-based composites as coatings for urinary catheters (UCs) was investigated. GNPs were functionalized with nitrogen (N-GNP) and incorporated into a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) matrix. The resulting materials were characterized, and the N-GNP/PDMS composite was evaluated against single- and multi-species biofilms of Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Klebsiella pneumoniae. Both biofilm cell composition and structure were analyzed. Furthermore, the antibacterial mechanisms of action of N-GNP were explored. The N-GNP/PDMS composite showed increased hydrophobicity and roughness compared to PDMS. In single-species biofilms, this composite significantly reduced the number of S. aureus, P. aeruginosa, and K. pneumoniae cells (by 64, 41, and 29%, respectively), and decreased S. aureus biofilm culturability (by 50%). In tri-species biofilms, a 41% reduction in total cells was observed. These results are aligned with the outcomes of the biofilm structure analysis. Moreover, N-GNP caused changes in membrane permeability and triggered reactive oxygen species (ROS) synthesis in S. aureus, whereas in Gram-negative bacteria, it only induced changes in cell metabolism. Overall, the N-GNP/PDMS composite inhibited biofilm development, showing the potential of these carbon materials as coatings for UCs.
Is There a Time and a Place for the Gluten-Free Diet in Potential Celiac Disease?
Authors: Nemteanu Roxana , Clim Andreea , Hincu Corina Elena , Gheorghe Liliana , Ciortescu Irina , Trifan Anca , Plesa Alina
Published: September 2023

Potential celiac disease (PCD) is characterized by the absence of villous atrophy on duodenal biopsies (Marsh 0 or 1) despite positive celiac serology and HLA DQ2 or DQ8 heterodimers. Recent epidemiological studies report that PCD represents one fifth of the total CD diagnoses. Compared to patients with CD, the majority of adult patients with PCD show lower rates of nutrient deficiencies and extraintestinal symptoms at diagnosis. Recommending a gluten-free diet (GFD) to PCD patients depends on whether they have symptoms or not. A significant clinical improvement is reported by symptomatic patients, but for asymptomatic PCD, diet implementation is still a matter of debate. Some questions remain to be answered: does PCD serve as an intermediary phase leading to the progression of true CD? Is it reasonable to hypothesize that PCD and active CD represent different manifestations of the same condition? Is there a potential for both underdiagnosis and overdiagnosis of CD in those who may have the condition? Additional research is required to address these inquiries and ascertain the specific subset of people with potential progression to overt CD, as well as to determine the potential advantages of early implementation of a GFD for these individuals. The investigation of risk factors in CD warrants examination of variables such as the timing of diagnosis, the genetic profile, the extent of gluten exposure, and the composition of the microbiome.
Anabolic Resistance in the Pathogenesis of Sarcopenia in the Elderly: Role of Nutrition and Exercise in Young and Old People
Authors: Tezze Caterina , Sandri Marco , Tessari Paolo
Published: September 2023

The development of sarcopenia in the elderly is associated with many potential factors and/or processes that impair the renovation and maintenance of skeletal muscle mass and strength as ageing progresses. Among them, a defect by skeletal muscle to respond to anabolic stimuli is to be considered. Common anabolic stimuli/signals in skeletal muscle are hormones (insulin, growth hormones, IGF-1, androgens, and β-agonists such epinephrine), substrates (amino acids such as protein precursors on top, but also glucose and fat, as source of energy), metabolites (such as β-agonists and HMB), various biochemical/intracellular mediators), physical exercise, neurogenic and immune-modulating factors, etc. Each of them may exhibit a reduced effect upon skeletal muscle in ageing. In this article, we overview the role of anabolic signals on muscle metabolism, as well as currently available evidence of resistance, at the skeletal muscle level, to anabolic factors, from both in vitro and in vivo studies. Some indications on how to augment the effects of anabolic signals on skeletal muscle are provided.
The Benefits of Probiotics on Oral Health: Systematic Review of the Literature
Authors: Inchingolo Francesco , Inchingolo Angelo Michele , Malcangi Giuseppina , De Leonardis Nicole , Sardano Roberta , Pezzolla Carmela , de Ruvo Elisabetta , Di Venere Daniela , Palermo Andrea , Inchingolo Alessio Danilo , Corriero Alberto , Dipalma Gianna
Published: September 2023

Aim: Probiotic microorganisms, commonly used to bolster gut health, might also have benefits for dental health, according to certain studies. Probiotics (PBs) are associated with reducing cariogenic pathogens and protecting against periodontal diseases, although the exact way they function in the mouth is not fully clear. Our study aimed to explore the use of PBs to improve oral health, focusing on issues such as cavities, gum disease, bad breath, mucositis, and periimplantitis. Materials and Methods: We utilized the Boolean keywords “Probiotics” AND “Oral health” to search the databases of PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science. The search was restricted to English-language papers published from 1 January 2019 to 13 April 2023. Results: A total of 3460 articles were found through our computerized search. After removing duplicates, reviewing the papers, and determining their relevance, 12 were selected for inclusion. Conclusions: Assessing how bacteria in food or dietary supplements might alter the stable oral microbiota is a complex task. Although probiotic microorganisms have been found to have proven therapeutic benefits, their application in dental health is not yet solidly backed by evidence. Further research is necessary to thoroughly understand the long-term effects of probiotic bacteria on the oral environment, including their ability to colonize and form biofilms.
Effects of Preoperative Chronic Steroid Use on Postoperative Outcomes in Orthopedic Surgery: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Hung Yu-Ting , Hung Wei-Kai , Chi Ching-Chi
Published: September 2023

Higher rates of postoperative complications have been found in preoperative chronic steroid users. However, the effects of preoperative chronic steroid use on outcomes in orthopedic surgery were unclear. We performed a systematic review of cohort studies examining the effects of chronic steroid use on postoperative outcomes following orthopedic surgery and searched PubMed, Embase, and CENTRAL through 29 April 2023. We included 17 studies with 1,546,562 patients. No increase in 30-day mortality (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 1.40, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.64–3.09) and composite thromboembolic events (aOR 1.61, 95% CI 0.99–2.63) but increases in 30-day overall complications (aOR 1.42, 95% CI 1.16–1.75), wound dehiscence (aOR 2.91, 95% CI 1.49–5.66), infectious complications (any infection (aOR 1.61, 95% CI 1.44–1.80), sepsis (aOR 2.07, 95% CI 1.34–3.21), superficial surgical site infection (SSI) (aOR 1.73, 95% CI 1.03–2.89) and deep SSI (aOR 1.96, 95% CI 1.26–3.05)), re-admission (aOR 1.62, 95% CI 1.48–1.77), both 30-day (aOR 1.28, 95% CI 1.03–1.59) and 1-year re-operation (aOR 1.78, 95% CI 1.09–2.92), pulmonary embolism (aOR 5.94, 95% CI 1.52–23.29), and deep vein thrombosis (aOR 2.07, 95% CI 1.24–3.46) were detected in preoperative steroid users. An increased risk of adverse outcomes following orthopedic surgery in chronic steroid users was found.
One Step In Situ Co-Crystallization of Dapsone and Polyethylene Glycols during Fluidized Bed Granulation
Authors: Shao Shizhe , Bonner David , Twamley Brendan , Singh Abhishek , Healy Anne Marie
Published: September 2023

Several studies have demonstrated the feasibility of in situ co-crystallization in different pharmaceutical processes such as spray drying, hot melt extrusion, and fluidized bed granulation (FBG) to produce co-crystal-in-excipient formulations. However, no previous studies have examined such a one step in situ co-crystallization process for co-crystal formulations where the coformer is a polymer. In the current study, we explored the use of FBG to produce co-crystal granules of dapsone (DAP) and different molecular weight polyethylene glycols (PEGs). Solvent evaporation (SE) was proven to generate DAP-PEGs co-crystals at a particular weight ratio of 55:45 w/w between DAP and PEG, which was subsequently used in FBG, using microcrystalline cellulose and hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose as filler excipient and binder, respectively. FBG could generate co-crystals with higher purity than SE. Granules containing DAP-PEG 400 co-crystal could be prepared without any additional binder. DAP-PEG co-crystal granules produced by FBG demonstrated superior pharmaceutical properties, including flow properties and tableting properties, compared to DAP and DAP-PEG co-crystals prepared by SE. Overall, in situ co-crystallization via FBG can effectively produce API-polymer co-crystals and enhance the pharmaceutical properties.
Comparative Stability Study of Polysorbate 20 and Polysorbate 80 Related to Oxidative Degradation
Authors: Kozuch Benedykt , Weber Johanna , Buske Julia , Mäder Karsten , Garidel Patrick , Diederichs Tim
Published: September 2023

The surfactants polysorbate 20 (PS20) and polysorbate 80 (PS80) are utilized to stabilize protein drugs. However, concerns have been raised regarding the degradation of PSs in biologics and the potential impact on product quality. Oxidation has been identified as a prevalent degradation mechanism under pharmaceutically relevant conditions. So far, a systematic stability comparison of both PSs under pharmaceutically relevant conditions has not been conducted and little is known about the dependence of oxidation on PS concentration. Here, we conducted a comparative stability study to investigate (i) the different oxidative degradation propensities between PS20 and PS80 and (ii) the impact of PS concentration on oxidative degradation. PS20 and PS80 in concentrations ranging from 0.1 mg⋅mL−1 to raw material were stored at 5, 25, and 40 °C for 48 weeks in acetate buffer pH 5.5 and water, respectively. We observed a temperature-dependent oxidative degradation of the PSs with strong (40 °C), moderate (25 °C), and weak/no degradation (5 °C). Especially at elevated temperatures such as 40 °C, fast oxidative PS degradation processes were detected. In this case study, a stronger degradation and earlier onset of oxidation was observed for PS80 in comparison to PS20, detected via the fluorescence micelle assay. Additionally, degradation was found to be strongly dependent on PS concentration, with significantly less oxidative processes at higher PS concentrations. Iron impurities, oxygen in the vial headspaces, and the pH values of the formulations were identified as the main contributing factors to accelerate PS oxidation.
l-Asparaginase Type II from Fusarium proliferatum: Heterologous Expression and In Silico Analysis
Authors: Cardoso Samuel Leite , Souza Paula Monteiro , Rodrigues Kelly , Mota Isabella de Souza , Filho Edivaldo Ferreira , Fávaro Léia Cecilia de Lima , Saldanha-Araujo Felipe , Homem-de-Mello Mauricio , Pessoa Adalberto , Silveira Dâmaris , Fonseca-Bazzo Yris Maria , Magalhães Pérola Oliveira
Published: September 2023

The search for new drug-producing microorganisms is one of the most promising situations in current world scientific scenarios. The use of molecular biology as well as the cloning of protein and compound genes is already well established as the gold standard method of increasing productivity. Aiming at this increase in productivity, this work aims at the cloning, purification and in silico analysis of l-asparaginase from Fusarium proliferatum in Komagataella phaffii (Pichia pastoris) protein expression systems. The l-asparaginase gene (NCBI OQ439985) has been cloned into Pichia pastoris strains. Enzyme production was analyzed via the quantification of aspartic B-hydroxamate, followed by purification on a DEAE FF ion exchange column. The in silico analysis was proposed based on the combined use of various technological tools. The enzymatic activity found intracellularly was 2.84 IU/g. A purification factor of 1.18 was observed. The in silico analysis revealed the position of five important amino acid residues for enzymatic activity, and likewise, it was possible to predict a monomeric structure with a C-score of 1.59. The production of the enzyme l-asparaginase from F. proliferatum in P. pastoris was demonstrated in this work, being of great importance for the analysis of new methodologies in search of the production of important drugs in therapy.
Expanding Pharmacists’ Role in the Management of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
Authors: Syed-Abdul Majid Mufaqam
Published: September 2023

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) stands as an increasingly pressing global health challenge, underscoring the need for timely identification to facilitate effective treatment and prevent the progression of chronic liver disorders. Given the projected scarcity of specialized healthcare professionals, particularly hepatologists and gastroenterologists, the role of pharmacists emerges as pivotal in NAFLD management. This article sheds light on the potential of pharmacists within community pharmacy settings, not as diagnostic entities, but as facilitators in recognizing and screening individuals at elevated NAFLD risk using validated non-invasive tools like portable devices and calculators. By prioritizing patient education, referrals, and continuous monitoring, pharmacists can refine NAFLD management, ultimately advancing patient outcomes. Enhancing pharmacists’ impact in early NAFLD detection and management can be facilitated through collaborations with healthcare institutions and the incorporation of patient self-assessment tools. This collaborative approach holds promise for further promoting improved liver health within the community.
All-Fiber In-Line Twist Sensor Based on a Capillary Optical Fiber
Authors: Tang Qinghua , Ruan Jiajian , Zuo Xiaojie , Xie Zhongye , Chen Xiaoyong
Published: September 2023

Twist sensors have emerged as crucial tools in the field of structural health monitoring, playing a significant role in monitoring and ensuring the integrity of critical infrastructure such as dams, tunnels, bridges, pipelines, and buildings. We proposed and demonstrated an all-fiber in-line twist sensor which was based on a capillary fiber spliced between two single-mode fibers with a transverse offset. Through a series of experiments, the sensor’s performance was evaluated and quantified. The results showcased remarkable twist sensitivities in both clockwise and anticlockwise directions. With a transverse offset of 8.0 µm, the sensor exhibited twist sensitivities of −0.077 dB/° and 0.043 dB/° in the clockwise and anticlockwise directions, respectively, in the measured twist range from 0 to 90°. Furthermore, it was also demonstrated that the sensor was temperature insensitive at the chosen wavelength of 1520 nm, which can assist in increasing measurement accuracy. Our sensor’s low cost, simplicity of manufacture, and improved performance will push forward its adoption in future engineering applications such as structural health monitoring in dams, tunnels, and buildings.
Dissimilar Laser Beam Welding of Titanium to Stainless Steel Using Pure Niobium as Filler Material in Lap Joint Configuration
Authors: Wiegand Michael , Kimm Alexander , Sommer Niklas , Marks Linda , Kahlmeyer Martin , Böhm Stefan
Published: September 2023

In the present investigation, commercially pure titanium is welded to AISI 316L stainless steel by intermixing niobium as filler material in a lap joint configuration. For this purpose, a pulsed Nd:YAG laser with various pulse durations and pulse peak powers is employed to obtain different mixing conditions for the materials. It will be demonstrated that, despite the implementation of the filler material, the weld seams are characterized by a high affinity for cracking, which in turn can be attributed to the formation of hard intermetallic compounds. Nevertheless, utilization of optimized process parameters can yield crack-free specimens in a reproducible manner through equable intermixing of otherwise critical alloy elements. Lap-shear forces of up to 140 N can be achieved with a single weld seam measuring 2.5 mm in length. By increasing the joint area with four adjacent weld seams, maximum loads up to 320 N are attained, thus exceeding the yield strength of the applied stainless steel. Considering the biocompatibility of the niobium filler material used, this work provides the foundation for this dissimilar material combination to be implemented in future medical technology applications.
Screening of Oligomeric (Meth)acrylate Vaccine Adjuvants Synthesized via Catalytic Chain Transfer Polymerization
Authors: Hege Cordula S. , Stimpson Amy , Sefton Joseph , Summers James , Henke Helena , Dundas Adam A. , Phan Tony , Kinsey Robert , Guderian Jeffrey A. , Sivananthan Sandra J. , Mohamath Raodoh , Lykins William R. , Ramer-Denisoff Gabi , Lin Susan , Fox Christopher B. , Irvine Derek J.
Published: September 2023

This report details the first systematic screening of free-radical-produced methacrylate oligomer reaction mixtures as alternative vaccine adjuvant components to replace the current benchmark compound squalene, which is unsustainably sourced from shark livers. Homo-/co-oligomer mixtures of methyl, butyl, lauryl, and stearyl methacrylate were successfully synthesized using catalytic chain transfer control, where the use of microwave heating was shown to promote propagation over chain transfer. Controlling the mixture material properties allowed the correct viscosity to be achieved, enabling the mixtures to be effectively used in vaccine formulations. Emulsions of selected oligomers stimulated comparable cytokine levels to squalene emulsion when incubated with human whole blood and elicited an antigen-specific cellular immune response when administered with an inactivated influenza vaccine, indicating the potential utility of the compounds as vaccine adjuvant components. Furthermore, the oligomers’ molecular sizes were demonstrated to be large enough to enable greater emulsion stability than squalene, especially at high temperatures, but are predicted to be small enough to allow for rapid clearance from the body.
Development of Biodegradable Thermosetting Plastic Using Dialdehyde Pineapple Stem Starch
Authors: Tessanan Wasan , Phinyocheep Pranee , Amornsakchai Taweechai
Published: September 2023

Starch extracted from pineapple stem waste underwent an environmentally friendly modification process characterized by low-energy consumption. This process resulted in the creation of dialdehyde pineapple stem starch featuring varying aldehyde contents ranging from 10% to 90%. Leveraging these dialdehyde starches, thermosetting plastics were meticulously developed by incorporating glycerol as a plasticizer. Concurrently, unmodified pineapple stem starch was employed as a control to produce thermoplastic material under identical conditions. The objective of streamlining the processing steps was pursued by adopting a direct hot compression molding technique. This enabled the transformation of starch powders into plastic sheets without the need for water-based gelatinization. Consequently, the dialdehyde starch-based thermosetting plastics exhibited exceptional mechanical properties, boasting a modulus within the range of 1862 MPa to 2000 MPa and a strength of 15 MPa to 42 MPa. Notably, their stretchability remained relatively modest, spanning from 0.8% to 2.4%. Comparatively, these properties significantly outperformed the thermoplastic counterpart derived from unmodified starch. Tailoring the mechanical performance of the thermosetting plastics was achieved by manipulating the glycerol content, ranging from 30% to 50%. Phase morphologies of the thermoset starch unveiled a uniformly distributed microstructure without any observable starch particles. This stood in contrast to the heterogeneous structure exhibited by the thermoplastic derived from unmodified starch. X-ray diffraction patterns indicated the absence of a crystalline structure within the thermosets, likely attributed to the establishment of a crosslinked structure. The resultant network formation in the thermosets directly correlated with enhanced water resistance. Remarkably, the thermosetting starch originating from pineapple stem starch demonstrated continued biodegradability following a soil burial test, albeit at a notably slower rate when compared to its thermoplastic counterpart. These findings hold the potential to pave the way for the utilization of starch-based products, thereby replacing non-biodegradable petroleum-based materials and contributing to the creation of more enduring and sustainable commodities.
Holmium-Containing Metal-Organic Frameworks as Modifiers for PEBA-Based Membranes
Authors: Kuzminova Anna , Dmitrenko Mariia , Salomatin Kirill , Vezo Olga , Kirichenko Sergey , Egorov Semyon , Bezrukova Marina , Karyakina Anna , Eremin Alexey , Popova Ekaterina , Penkova Anastasia , Selyutin Artem
Published: September 2023

Recently, there has been an active search for new modifiers to create hybrid polymeric materials for various applications, in particular, membrane technology. One of the topical modifiers is metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), which can significantly alter the characteristics of obtained mixed matrix membranes (MMMs). In this work, new holmium-based MOFs (Ho-MOFs) were synthesized for polyether block amide (PEBA) modification to develop novel MMMs with improved properties. The study of Ho-MOFs, polymers and membranes was carried out by methods of X-ray phase analysis, scanning electron and atomic force microscopies, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, low-temperature nitrogen adsorption, dynamic and kinematic viscosity, static and dynamic light scattering, gel permeation chromatography, thermogravimetric analysis and contact angle measurements. Synthesized Ho-MOFs had different X-ray structures, particle forms and sizes depending on the ligand used. To study the effect of Ho-MOF modifier on membrane transport properties, PEBA/Ho-MOFs membrane retention capacity was evaluated in vacuum fourth-stage filtration for dye removal (Congo Red, Fuchsin, Glycine thymol blue, Methylene blue, Eriochrome Black T). Modified membranes demonstrated improved flux and rejection coefficients for dyes containing amino groups: Congo Red, Fuchsin (PEBA/Ho-1,3,5-H3btc membrane possessed optimal properties: 81% and 68% rejection coefficients for Congo Red and Fuchsin filtration, respectively, and 0.7 L/(m2s) flux).
A Practical Primer: Raman Spectroscopy for Monitoring of Photopolymerization Systems
Authors: Jessop Julie L. P.
Published: September 2023

Photopolymerization systems provide compelling advantages for industrial applications due to their fast reaction kinetics, wide selection of monomers for physical property development, and energy-efficient initiation via illumination. These same advantages can present challenges when attempting to monitor these reactions or characterize their resulting polymers; however, Raman spectroscopy can provide the flexibility and resolution needed. In this overview, Raman spectroscopy is compared to common characterization techniques, such as photo-differential scanning calorimetry and infrared spectroscopy, highlighting advantages of Raman spectroscopy. Examples are provided of how Raman spectroscopy has been used to monitor photopolymerizations and to provide insight on the impact of monomer chemistry and processing conditions, as well as paired with other techniques to elucidate physical properties. Finally, practical tips are provided for applying Raman spectroscopy and microscopy in photopolymerization systems.
Performance Improvement Overview of the Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Brayton Cycle
Authors: Wang Xurong , Zhang Longwei , Zhu Zhenhua , Hu Mingjiang , Wang Jing , Fan Xiaowei
Published: September 2023

Efficiency and compactness are core strengths of the supercritical carbon dioxide (sCO2) Brayton cycle, which is considered an alternative to the steam Rankine cycle for moderate-temperature heat sources (350–800 °C). Numerical investigations on system design and analysis have received considerable attention, with the aim of improving the sCO2 cycle from the viewpoint of thermodynamics. This paper reviews and compares previous studies in the literature to survey different cycle layouts, operating parameters, and working fluids of the sCO2 cycle. Performance enhancement approaches are categorized into three classes according to characteristics: conventional methods, CO2 mixtures, and combined cycles. The strengths, weaknesses, and limitations of each categorized method are discussed. This research is expected to provide a roadmap for performance improvement that meets the interests of researchers.
Improving the Energy Efficiency of the Production of Pipes Welded with High-Frequency Induction
Authors: Techmański Zbigniew , Stępień Jacek , Garstka Tomasz , Wieczorek Paweł , Golański Grzegorz , Supernak Jan
Published: September 2023

This article presents the technical aspects that may reduce electric power consumption during the welding of pipes with the high-frequency induction (HFI) method. Experiments were carried out at Huta Łabędy S.A. Steelworks, during the test production of 323.9 × 5.6 mm pipes of P235GH steel grade. Two sets of HFI heating system settings were studied: with a variable squeeze force of the heated edges and a variable position of the inductor in relation to the welding point. It was proven that the temperature at the welding point increased due to the stronger squeeze of the heated edges, which reduced the electric power consumption. Reducing the distance of the inductor relative to the welding point had the same effect. By optimizing the squeeze force and the position of the inductor, energy consumption was reduced by about 5.5%. Microstructural studies of the welds did not show any adverse effects of the optimization.
Microseismic Monitoring of the Fracture Nucleation Mechanism and Early Warning for Cavern Rock Masses
Authors: Zhao Jin-Shuai , Zhao Yue-Mao , Li Peng-Xiang , Chen Chong-Feng , Zhang Jian-Cong , Chen Jiang-Hao
Published: September 2023

The rock mass is susceptible to instability and damage during cavern construction. The blast-induced cracking process of the rock mass contains a wealth of information about the precursors of instability, and the identification of fracture nucleation signals is a prerequisite for effective hazard warning. A laboratory mechanical test and microseismic (MS) monitoring were carried out in the Baihetan Cavern to investigate the fracture nucleation process in the rock mass. MS monitoring shows that pre-existing microcracks were closed or new cracks were generated under the action of high stress, which caused the migration of microcracks. As the crack density increases, the fracture interaction gradually increases. The study of the rock fracture nucleation mechanism helps to reveal the MS sequences during the rock fracture process, and the fore-main shock was found in the MS sequence during access tunnel excavation. This study can effectively provide guidance for the early warning of rock mass failure and the stability analysis of underground caverns under blasting excavation disturbance.
Enhancing the Photocatalytic Performance of BiVO4 for Micropollutant Degradation by Fe and Ag Photomodification
Authors: Popović Marin , Sharifi Tayebeh , Kraljić Roković Marijana , Genorio Boštjan , Žener Boštjan , Peternel Igor , Lavrenčič Štangar Urška , Kušić Hrvoje , Lončarić Božić Ana , Kovačić Marin
Published: September 2023

Wider application of BiVO4 (BVO) for photocatalytic water treatment is primarily limited by its modest photocatalytic effectiveness, despite its appropriately narrow band gap for low-cost, sunlight-facilitated water treatment processes. In this study, we have photomodified an isotype BVO, consisting of a tetragonal zircon and monoclinic scheelite phase, with Fe (Fe@BVO) and Ag (Ag@BVO) ionic precursors under UV illumination in an aqueous ethanol solution in order to assess their effect on the opto-electronic properties and effectiveness for the removal of ciprofloxacin (CIP). Fe@BVO failed to demonstrate enhanced effectiveness over pristine BVO, whereas all Ag@BVO achieved improved CIP degradation, especially 1% Ag@BVO. At pH 4 and 6, 1% Ag@BVO demonstrated nearly 24% greater removal of CIP than BVO alone. Photomodification with Fe created surface oxygen vacancies, as confirmed by XPS and Mott–Schottky analysis, which facilitated improved electron mobility, although no distinct Fe-containing phase nor Fe-doping was detected. On the other hand, the introduction of mid-band gap states by oxygen vacancies decreased the reducing power of the photogenerated electrons as the flat band potentials were shifted to more positive values, thus likely negatively impacting superoxide formation. In contrast, Ag-photomodification (Ag@BVO) resulted in the formation of Ag2O/AgO and Ag nanoparticles on the surface of BVO, which, under illumination, generated hot electrons by surface plasmon resonance and enhanced the mobility of photogenerated electrons. Our research underscores the pivotal role of photogenerated electrons for CIP degradation by BiVO4-based materials and emphasizes the importance of appropriate band-edge engineering for optimizing contaminant degradation.
The Role of the Catholic Church against Changes and Threats to the Value of Work
Authors: Kowalik Dagmara , Nowak Katarzyna , Kowalik Katarzyna , Gogacz Paweł
Published: September 2023

The purpose of the article is to present the role played by the Catholic Church in Western Europe against civilization’s threats to the value of work in the context of Catholic social teaching. There are historical and contemporary changes and threats to the value of work. The importance of work was analyzed in terms of antiquity, the Middle Ages, during the nineteenth-century industrial revolution and in the era of contemporary IT changes. We present how the value of work was perceived, what role Christianity played and the position of the Catholic Church in relation to social changes and the progress of civilization. It was pointed out how socio-economic transformations and, above all, scientific and technical progress, influenced the threats regarding the personal dimension of work and the subjective role of a man. The evolution of the legal protection of the state against employees and employers, and the position taken by the Catholic Church in this matter were described. It has been shown that old and modern forms of work under the guise of facilities are a threat to the value of work and a human’s subjectivity. The analysis of the positions and documents of Catholic social science allowed us to show a change in the role of the Church, which, from the attitude of real influence in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, became directed in the 21st century to strengthen active attitudes in the work environment among Catholics. It expects the sensitivity of conscience and open brotherhood, and adopts an attitude of charity and committed action for the benefit of the economically excluded and people deprived of decent work.
“Gatekeeping Family Violence”: The Role of Religious and Community Leaders in the Afghan Migrant Community in South Australia
Authors: Zannettino Lana , Marmo Marinella , Esmaeili Hossein , Richards Jenny
Published: September 2023

Community leaders in culturally and linguistically diverse (CALD) communities in Australia, particularly Afghan migrant communities, may play an important role in understanding and responding to family violence. This paper explores the role and perspectives of religious and community leaders in the Afghan community in South Australia in relation to preventing and responding to family violence. It is argued that these leaders play a pivotal role in their community as they can act as gatekeepers between their own and the Australian community. This paper concludes that it is imperative that governments and the legal system engage with CALD communities to better understand faith related factors such as the relevance of Islamic law and culture for Afghan Muslim communities in South Australia. At the same time, the education of the broader Australian and Afghan communities and their religious and community leaders in both Islamic law and the Australian legal system is a vital factor in combating and reducing family violence.
Pneumasis/pneumafication Based on Romans 8:1–17: Highlighting the Spirit’s Role in Deification
Authors: Feng Jacob Chengwei
Published: September 2023

In view of the two key themes found in Romans: pneumatology and deification, some pressing questions can be asked. One of these is, what is the role of the Holy Spirit in deification? This essay identifies one area of the work of the Holy Spirit presented in Romans that is often neglected in New Testament (NT) pneumatology, soteriology, and anthropology. This paper argues that, in Romans 8:1–17, the crucial role of the Spirit, as an active person in the triune Godhead, in possessing and being possessed by believers and facilitating the mutual indwelling of Christ and his co-sufferers, is best captured by a new term, namely, pneumasis or pneumafication. In other words, theosis/deification and Christosis/Christification are made possible by pneumasis/pneumafication.
Exploring the Intricate Usage and Interpretation Issues of “體” (tǐ) in Xuanzang’s Translation of Abhidharmakośabhāṣya
Authors: Zhang Shuqing
Published: September 2023

This study delves into the intricate usage and interpretation issues of the Chinese term “體” (tǐ) in Xuanzang’s translation of the Abhidharmakośa (AKBh[X]) by providing a Sanskrit-Chinese comparative investigation. Xuanzang’s translations are pivotal in understanding certain Abhidharma scriptures, as some of them are the sole complete versions available. This study focuses on the term “體” in AKBh[X], evaluating its usage in relation to 16 corresponding Sanskrit equivalents and the instances where Xuanzang introduced “體” without a Sanskrit equivalent. The analysis uncovers translation errors, potential misinterpretations, and the lack of clarity in certain contexts, emphasizing the need for readers to be cautious and consult additional sources for a comprehensive understanding of his translations.
The Odbert Psalter (Boulogne-sur-Mer, BM, ms. 20); or, the Image as a Medium for Contemplative Practice
Authors: Lagrange Blanche
Published: September 2023

The monastic reforms of the 10th century greatly increased the role of the psalter, a biblical book that became the main tool of a monk in personal and collective prayer. The Odbert Psalter, produced in Saint-Bertin around 999, opens with a scene of Pentecost in which we see Christ represented as a king who is static and in a space distinct from the apostles, exhibiting an attitude of meditation. This is not a narrative image: this scene is an indication for the reader of the Psalms. If he follows the example of the apostles, he will arrive at the vision of God, which can only be attained through continuous meditation on the Psalms as it was defined by the reforms. This image serves as a medium for the act of contemplation itself: according to the three modes of vision defined by Saint Augustine, the image of Christ constitutes a pathway from corporeal vision to intellectual vision. By constituting the support of divine contemplation, the psalter and its images are set up here as perfect mediators of the power of the intellect.
MHLDet: A Multi-Scale and High-Precision Lightweight Object Detector Based on Large Receptive Field and Attention Mechanism for Remote Sensing Images
Authors: Zhou Liming , Zhao Hang , Liu Zhehao , Cai Kun , Liu Yang , Zuo Xianyu
Published: September 2023

Object detection in remote sensing images (RSIs) has become crucial in recent years. However, researchers often prioritize detecting small objects, neglecting medium- to large-sized ones. Moreover, detecting objects hidden in shadows is challenging. Additionally, most detectors have extensive parameters, leading to higher hardware costs. To address these issues, this paper proposes a multi-scale and high-precision lightweight object detector named MHLDet. Firstly, we integrated the SimAM attention mechanism into the backbone and constructed a new feature-extraction module called validity-neat feature extract (VNFE). This module captures more feature information while simultaneously reducing the number of parameters. Secondly, we propose an improved spatial pyramid pooling model, named SPPE, to integrate multi-scale feature information better, enhancing the model to detect multi-scale objects. Finally, this paper introduces the convolution aggregation crosslayer (CACL) into the network. This module can reduce the size of the feature map and enhance the ability to fuse context information, thereby obtaining a feature map with more semantic information. We performed evaluation experiments on both the SIMD dataset and the UCAS-AOD dataset. Compared to other methods, our approach achieved the highest detection accuracy. Furthermore, it reduced the number of parameters by 12.7% compared to YOLOv7-Tiny. The experimental results illustrated that our proposed method is more lightweight and exhibits superior detection accuracy compared to other lightweight models.
Analysis of Ionospheric Disturbances during X-Class Solar Flares (2021–2022) Using GNSS Data and Wavelet Analysis
Authors: López-Urias Charbeth , Vazquez-Becerra G. Esteban , Nayak Karan , López-Montes Rebeca
Published: September 2023

The influence of solar activity on the ionosphere, a critical area of investigation due to its relevance to the Sun–Earth relationship, has been extensively examined through various methodologies. The ability of solar events to induce disturbances in both the ionosphere and the geomagnetic field is widely acknowledged. This specific study focused on sporadic incidents resulting from X-class solar flares that occurred between 2021 and 2022. Utilizing a methodology that involved analyzing data at 5Hz intervals using wavelet algorithms, the data from the GNSS stations of the National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM) were investigated. The primary emphasis was on deducing the Total Electron Content (TEC) within the ionosphere. Subsequently, this parameter for each satellite during instances of solar flares was analyzed. The approach uncovered disruptions in the ionosphere triggered by solar flares, even in cases where events transpired at the periphery of the solar disk and were of magnitudes smaller than X2.
Convolutional Neural Network Reference for Track-Before-Detect Applications
Authors: Mazurek Przemyslaw
Published: September 2023

TBD (Track-Before-Detect) algorithms allow the detection and tracking of objects of which the signal is lost in the background noise. The use of convolutional neural networks (ConvNN) allows to obtain more effective algorithms than the previous, because it is possible to take into account the background as well as the spatial and temporal characteristics of the tracked object signal. The article presents solutions for taking into account the motion with variable trajectory and speed through segmental interpolation and rectification of the trajectory, which allows the effective convolutional implementation of the TBD algorithm. The boundary of object detection was determined depending on the number of pixels of the object in relation to the number of pixels of the image stack and signal strength for the simplest neural network, so it is possible to analyse and compare more complex solutions with the proposed reference.
A Free-Space Optical Communication System Based on Bipolar Complementary Pulse Width Modulation
Authors: Zheng Jinji , Li Xicai , Wu Qinqin , Wang Yuanqin
Published: September 2023

In this work, we propose a bipolar complementary pulse width modulation strategy based on the differential signaling system, and the modulation–demodulation methods are introduced in detail. The proposed modulation–demodulation strategy can effectively identify each symbol’s start and end time so that the transmitter and receiver can maintain correct bit synchronization. The system with differential signaling has the advantages of not requiring channel state information and reducing background radiation. To further reduce the noise in the system, a multi-bandpass spectrum noise reduction method is proposed according to the spectrum characteristics of the received modulation signals. The proposed modulation method has an error bit rate of 10−5 at a signal-to-noise ratio of 7 dB. The fabricated optical communication system can stably transfer voice and text over a distance of 5.6 km.
Special Issue: “Intelligent Systems for Clinical Care and Remote Patient Monitoring”
Authors: Sannino Giovanna , Celesti Antonio , De Falco Ivanoe
Published: September 2023

The year 2020 was definitely like no other [...]