bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Modelling Operation of Logistics Management in Modern Market: A Case Study in Indonesian Retail Company
Authors: Wahyuni Dini , Sembiring Meilita Tryana , Budiman Irwan , Hutagalung Trybawa Ramadhana
Published: March 2021

Logistics management holds an important role for every company include product procurement, product storage, and product distribution. Rapid technology development is insisting the company to use all of its resources maximally and professionally to support their success. Implementation of logistics management can be seen in the retail company. Design of the logistical management operation model, using the System Development Life Cycle (SDLC), needs to be done for better implementation. The needs for design are identified by using system request and feasibility analysis that will be able to reduce non-value added time in the order picking process and able to simplify the company’s logistics activity. The system entity is analyzed and shows the affecting factors are: input, process, output, objectives, stakeholder, resources, internal control, operating constraint, opportunities, and threats. Then, the conceptual model of the logistics management model is built through the application of value chain analysis and the application of the canvas operating model. At the new warehouse location, a warehouse management system will be implemented and built collaboration with several fast-moving consumer goods (FMCG) suppliers. Then Business Process Modelling Notation (BPMN) is used to model logistics business processes, inbound logistics business processes, inventory management business processes, and outbound logistics business processes. The business process model will be used as a reference for the company to carry out its logistics business operation.
Integration of Statistical Quality Control (SQC) and Failure Mode Effect Analysis (FMEA) Method of Tea Product Packaging
Authors: Rucitra M A L , Amelia J
Published: March 2021

The packaging is a container or wrapper that is useful for preventing or minimizing damage to packaged products. Industry X is one of the companies engaged in beverage packaging, and the important thing is to adjust the packaging’s quality of the products. The first primary packaging of tea products is preform that is a semi-finished plastic bottle with PET, its small and light shape causes the preform to be widely used by companies because it can reduce transportation costs. Quality control is carried out by the company so that the products are following predetermined standards and following the consumers’ expectations. The purpose of this research is to reduce the disability that occurs so that the productivity of the company increases. To solve this problem using statistical quality control (SQC) and any analysis of failure modes and effects (FMEA). From the research conducted using SQC, the results show that the highest amount of damage occurred in February of 3.95%. While the results of the risk analysis using FMEA showed that defective preform was the main risk that needed to be controlled because it had an RPN of 294 due to supplier errors.
Effect of Cod Liver Oil Supplementation in Feed on the Haematological Values and Concentration of Epididymis Spermatozoa of Local Rabbits
Authors: Ermayanti N.G.A.M. , Suarni N.M.R. , Widhyastini I.G.A.M.
Published: March 2021

This the study aimed to determine the effect of cod liver oil supplementation in commercial feed on the haematological values and concentration of epididymis spermatozoa of local rabbits. The experimental design used was Completely Randomized Design with four feed treatments, i.e. commercial feed without supplementation of cod liver oil (P0) as control, commercial feed supplemented by 1.5% (R1), 3% (R2), and 4.5% (R3) of cod liver oil. Each trial consisted of eight rabbits and feed experiment was given starting by 13 weeks to 26 weeks of years old. The variables measured were the count of red blood cell (RBC), white blood cell (WBC), platelets, haemoglobin (Hb), packed cell volume (PCV), and concentration of epididymis spermatozoa of local rabbits. The results showed that supplementation of cod liver oil with a different grade in feed commercial had a significant effect (P<0.05) on the haematological values and concentration of epididymis spermatozoa of local rabbits. It can be concluded that cod liver oil supplementation in commercial feed at 4.5% level capable maintain normal haematological values and can increase the concentration of epididymis spermatozoa of local rabbits. Introduction
Adaptation Tests of Some Shallots Varieties on Lowlands Area in The Pesisir Selatan District, West Sumatera
Authors: Andraini Helti , Hasan Nusyirwan , Satria Haris , Astuti Tri , Surtina Dara , Risqan
Published: March 2021

The vast utilization of wetland and dry land in the lowlands of West Sumatra Province for the development of shallots as a potential commodity in an effort to increase farmer income. Shallot is one of the leading vegetables coomodities since it has been cultivated by the people of West Sumatra in the highlands area. The availability of superior varieties of shallots produced by the Agency of Agricultural Research and Development provides many choices in shallot farming, it is necessary to test the adaptation of these superior varieties in the lowlands area. The study aimed to determine the level of adaptation of several shallot varieties in the lowlands area in Pesisir Selatan Districts, West Sumatra. The study was conducted on farmer group land in the Surantih area, Sutera sub District, Pesisir Selatan Districts from April until July 2016. The study used a Randomized Block Design (RBD) with the treatment of four superior shallot varieties namely: Katumi, Bima Brebes, Pikatan and Mentes, with 6 (six) replications. The data obtained were analyzed using variance and continued with the Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT). The results of research showed that: (1) the Katumi variety showed a higher harvest weight (14.00 tons/hectare) followed by the Bima Brebes, Pikatan and Mentes varieties, (2) For the Pesisir lowland dry land area, the most adaptive shallot variety was Katumi.
Insecticidal activity of supernatant and crude extract of Bacillus thuringiensis-based bio-insecticide towards oil palm pests Oryctes rhinoceros (Coleoptera: ‘/Scarabaeidae)
Authors: Pujiastuti Yulia , Sandi Sofia , Arsi Arsi , Sulistyani Dwi Probowati
Published: March 2021

Oryctes rhinoceros is an important pest in oil palm plants. Larvae and imago are stadia which attack plants. Control by using synthetic chemical insecticides often create a negative impact on non-target insects and the environment. B. thuringiensis can be used as an alternative. The aim of the study was to study the insecticidal activity of B. thuringiensis isolates from South Sumatra on the larvae of Oryctes. The study was conducted at Entomological Laboratory, Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Sriwijaya University, from March to May 2019. The study was designed by a factorial complete randomized design with two factors in the form of Bt isolates (four isolates) and the presence of spores (crude extract and supernatant) with each repeated 3 times. The treatments were B. thuringiensis isolates propagated in Biourin media and applicated in the form of crude and supernatant. B. thuringiensis propagated in NB media was used as control. Tested insects were 1st instar larvae of Oryctes. The results showed application of crude solution of B. thuringiensis resulted in higher mortality compared to supernatant treatment. It was assumed in crude solution there was a mixtured of spores and proteins compared with the solution of the supernatant which only contains spores. KJ3P1 isolate was able to cause the highest mortality in crude treatment.
The Opportunity of Lemongrass, Zinger and Turmeric Supported Development of Export Products in North of Sumatera, Indonesia
Authors: Siregar Ameilia Zuliyanti , Dewiyana Himma , Lubis Kemala Sari , Tulus
Published: March 2021

Indonesia has abundant spices are used for cooking. lemongrass, ginger, and turmeric are the most widely used plants as spices in cooking which serve to enhance taste and preservative of food. In the North of Sumatra, UD. Ryori Indonesia and Mitra Tani, both of Small Medium Enterprises (SME’s) as a partner of Universitas Sumatera Utara produces spices and vegetables especially, lemongrass, ginger, turmeric, celery, onion, garlic, and instant dried spices which are exported to Malaysia, Brunei Darussalam, Philippines and Singapore. This export funded by export-import grant of Ministry of Research, Technology, Directorate General of Higher Education Indonesia activity was carried out for 6 months (January to June 2018) through Belawan harbor, North of Sumatera with the highest export amount of lemongrass (7,305.80 kg), followed by ginger (7,297.63 kg), and turmeric (6,372.63 kg). The identified problems of import-export activities of dry seasoning from North of Sumatra are the availability of limited and fluctuating sources of raw materials (quantity, quality and price); production process using simple technology; as well as the distribution of marketing and business management is still conventional. The solutions offered to SMe’s partners are intensification of planting land of lemongrass, ginger and turmeric; compile the design and production of citric slicing machine, make Standard Operational Procedure (SOP) in accordance with the machine to be held; and design packaging that can maintain product quality. The seasoning of exports has met the standard of product that is produced: organoleptic standard (color, aromatic, texture and taste); chemical standards (moisture content=7-8%); and free of microbiology (coliform and salmonella microorganisms) with supervision. this contribution is expected to encourage the development of horticultural agribusiness, particularly competitive spice dry season and increase the income of farmers and entrepreneurs in North of Sumatra.
Characterization of Plant Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR) From Saline Soil in Taiwan
Authors: Budi Utama Satria Prima , Sulistyowati Liliek , Chang Pearl Pei-Chun
Published: March 2021

The agricultural sector is continuously facing myriad of problems such as yield loss due to abiotic stress as well as phytopathogen infestation. There is well established evidence that the use of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) would overcome those problems and in turn improve plant growth and crop yield. In this research bacteria strains were isolated from root surface and inner tissue of plants grown in highly saline soils. The characterization includes the ability to produce aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC), siderophore, chitinase as well as their antifungal ability. Those abilities are considered the most reliable traits for promoting plant growth. A total of 32 strains were isolated and examined, with 16 surface isolates and 16 endophytes. Thirty bacteria isolates showed capability to produce ACC deaminase with a range of values around 1.8 – 29.6 µmol/mg/h. Thirty isolates were found to secrete siderophore that resulted in halo zones around 1.5 mm - 15 mm after 7 days. Moreover, the chitinase assay showed 13 isolates having the ability to degrade chitin. Interestingly, two isolates with the highest chitinase activity also showed superior ability to inhibit fungal growth. To conclude, a procedure has been demonstrated that rhizobacteria with PGPR traits can be isolated from saline soil. Furthermore, some of these PGPR candidates showed potential to not only promote plant growth but also to control fungal pathogen. This type of dual-functional stains could serve as an environmentally friendly biofertilizer and meanwhile also a biocontrol agent in sustainable agriculture.
Macronutrient Concentration in Stem, Leaf and Petiole of Wild Grown Water Spinach (Ipomea Aquatic Forsk.) and Its Relationship With Pond Water
Authors: Amir H M S , Noural Aqidah S , Jahurul M H A , Mona Z , Huyop F Z , Umi Hartina M R , Nor Qhairul Izzreen M N , Joko S S , Huda N
Published: March 2021

Water spinach (Ipomoea aquatic Forsk.) is a food for human beings and animals. It is rich in minerals, protein, dietary fibre, with high moisture content. The work was undertaken to determine contents of K, Ca, Mg, Na & P in the stems, leaves and petioles of water spinach. Atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS) and Inductive Couple Plasma (ICP) were used to determine concentration of nutrients, where one way ANOVA was applied to analyse if there is any significant differences in the macronutrient contents amongst the leaves, petioles and stems of the water spinach. If any of the results showed significant differences, Turkey post-hoc HSD test (p<0.05%) was adopted to separate the means. In addition, Pearson’s Correlation Coefficient Test was conducted between the plant macronutrients samples (leaves + stem + petioles combined) and water macronutrients data run to determine their relationships. In addition, purpose of this study is to highlight to the public which parts of the plant should be consumed and also to indicate the relationship of Water Spinach with its growing medium. The K concentration was higher than the other elements and maximum concentration was in petioles (432+27.45 mg·L-1) and stems (424.60+14.19 mgL-1). The element with the least concentration was Na (3.10+0.40 mgL-1), in the petiole. There was no difference in Mg content in leaves, petioles and stems (avg. 28.55+1.61 mgL-1). High amounts of Ca (150+0.10 mgL-1) and low amounts of P (41.11+0.01 mgL-1) were in pond water. A positive correlation of each nutrient occurred between water spinach and pond water.
Consortium Formulation of Bacteria as a Fertilizer and Biological Pesticide in Various Carriers
Authors: Yulensri  , Arneti  , Noveri
Published: March 2021

The use of agricultural production facilities that are produced from non-renewable natural resources such as fertilizers and chemical pesticides is constantly feared that will disrupt environmental sustainability and reduce soil fertility and quality. The application of biotechnology derived from local resources is a very appropriate alternative to answer these challenges, such as the use of local microorganisms that act as biological fertilizers and pesticides. The research aims to determine the compatibility of the bacterium Bacillus cereus strain ATCC 14579, Bacillus subtillis subsp. Subtilis strain 168 Bacillus siamensis strain KCTC13613, Azotobacter sp. and Pseudomonas fluorescens isolated from local microorganisms (MOL) banana weevil and know the best formulation, as well as the shelf life of the formula. The study was conducted in 3 stages: 1) testing bacterial compatibility on TSA media with the dual culture method; 2) test bacterial formulations on compost carriers, peat soils and vermicompost.3) Test the shelf life of formulas. The results showed that B. cereus strain ATCC 14579, B. subtillis subsp.subtilis strain 168, B. siamensis strain KCTC13613, P. fluorescens and Azotobacter sp were synergistic (compatible) so that they could be sponsored and formulated on carrier material (compost, kascing, peat). The best formulation is a formula for compost and peat soils added with Molas, CMC and Arginine. This formula has a shelf life of up to 6 months with the number of bacterial consortium colony of 4.64-4.67x 10 5 CFU / gram, fulfilling the criteria of biological fertilizer according to Ministry of Agriculture Decree No. 261 KPTS SR 310 4, 2019 which is ⩾ 105.
A Digital Business Modelling for Green Supplier Selection of Potato Chips Agroindustry
Authors: Dwi Satya Ririn Regiana , Marimin  , Eriyatno  , Ismayana Andes
Published: March 2021

The development of information and communication technology makes it easier for users in the industrial world to make decisions in selecting green suppliers easier. Digital Business Ecosystem (DBE) is a centralized collaboration environment of the species as a community of stakeholders in the business ecosystem. This paper explains the selection of green suppliers through analysis and design to answer the information needs and decisions of stakeholders in the potato processing industry to increase the competitive value of the potato processing industry in Indonesia. Potato chip agroindustry in its processing can be with industries that are not environmentally friendly. This will have an impact on the demand for potato chips because consumers are more selective in choosing a product, therefore the concept of green supplier selection appears, namely the application of supplier selection that considers environmental aspects in it. This study aims to identify stakeholders in the selection of green suppliers, analyse and evaluate criteria for selecting green suppliers and to make digital business modelling for selecting green supplier. The method used in making identification of system requirements for the selection of green suppliers using the use case, making the criteria for selecting green suppliers using fuzzy rule based, making a digital business modelling of green supplier selection using Business Process Modelling Notation. So that in the future it can facilitate users in agroindustry of potato chips to be faster in selecting green suppliers so that the procurement of raw materials and production processes can run smoothly.
Bioaugmentation in domestic and organic wastewater for plant fertilizers
Authors: Puspitasari R T , Irawadi T T , Santosa D A , Alim Z
Published: March 2021

Water pollution is one of the world’s main concerns today. Governments in various countries have tried to find solutions for reducing this problem. Indonesia has a great diversity of local microorganisms. Pichia kudriavzevii UMJ-L, Trichosporon asahii UMJ-A2, Burkholderia ambifaria UMJ-A1, Burkholderia stabilis UMJ-R, Gluconacetobacter saccharivorans UMJ-K, and Pseudomonas putida are local microorganisms that can be used for bioaugmentation in wastewater. The results of bioaugmentation of domestic and organic wastewater not only can be used for watering plants but also expected to have a positive value as fertilizer for the growth or production of some plants. Microorganisms in this study were the result of isolation, which is made of pellets from rice flour/bran. The pellet after mashed is used as an inoculant which acts as bioaugmentation of incubated wastewater for 4 days. The results showed that bioaugmentation fertilizer from domestic wastewater was better than other wastewater when used as fertilizer on plants. Better results, all wastewater still requires the addition of inorganic fertilizers between 25% to 50% because of the low nutrients content.
Evaluation the Physical Properties and Marshall Stability for Asphalt Modified with Waste Polypropylene and Nanosilica Powder
Authors: Al-Mousawi Esraa J , Al-Rubaee Rasliaa H , Shubber Ainmai A
Published: March 2021

Recently, Nanotechnology was being widely accepted in many fields due to its unique properties in enhancing the characteristics of many different kinds of materials, including asphalt binder. On the other hand, the usage of polymer nanocomposites for the production of durable asphalt mixtures has steadily replaced the use of polymer-modified binders. This study investigates the influence of nanosilica particles (NS) on rheological properties and mixture performance of asphalt modified with 2% waste polypropylene polymer (WPP). IN laboratory work, NS/WPP composite modified asphalt samples have been produced by adding three different percentages of NS particles (0.5, 1, and 2%) by weight of binder and 2 % WPP to control asphalt (60-70) penetration grade using a mechanical mixer and a homogenizer shear mixer with shear rate 27000 rpm for 10 min at mixing temperature (165 ±5) °C. The physical tests and Marshall stability were used to evaluate the NS/WPP composite modified asphalt binder properties and mixtures performance characteristics. This study found that 2 % of NS particles decrease the temperature sensitivity of WPP modified asphalt by 13% due to improving the hardness of the NS/WPP composite modified binder. The results also showed that the Marshall stability values of NS/WPP composite modified asphalt mixtures improved by 34.2% and 9.71% at 2 % NS compared with the control and WPP modified asphalt mixtures respectively. This suggests that the composite NS/WPP composite has a noticeable effect on the performance of the flexible pavement, thus increase paving’s service life.
Analysis and Evaluation of Landslide Failure and Using Different Techniques to the Mitigation
Authors: Al-Adhadh Ahmed Raad , Abbas Basim Jabbar , Hamza Ahmed Jabbar
Published: March 2021

One of the most common natural catastrophic in the world is Landslides causing large casualties and large economic losses. In 1994, a landslide disaster struck a part of Nepal country along the llam road. This landslide caused devastation in the country at that time. In this paper, an evaluation of this landslide was conducted and deep study to mitigate the danger of these kinds of incidences. Preventing landslides is permanently significant to ensure a streamlined flow of traffic when there are roads on the area with a potential landslide incidence. The slope stability degree of the mass of landslide area is evaluated before and after preventing landslide to occur. Many slope stability methods are used such as ordinary sliced method, Bishop simplified method, Janbu simplified method, Spencer method, method of Corps of engineers and gle Morgenstern price method. The factor of safety calculated by these methods is varied by around 9 percent. The calculated factor of safety was less than one at the time of landslide incidence. In order to increase the factor of safety, various technique were suggested to mitigate Landslide such as lowering the water table, using high berm at the toe of the slope and using grouted tiebacks to support the soil mass. Lowering the water table only was not adequate to increase the factor of safety to 1.5 neither using high berm. The most active technique to increase the factor of safety was grouting tiebacks to support the soil mass at the landslide area. This technique contributed in increasing the factors of safety s more than 2 for static state and more than 1.1 for dynamic state. The software program, Rockscience slide 6.0, is used to verify the calculations and analyses from excel sheet for the ordinary and Bishop simplified method.
Investigation on the Properties of Cement Mortars with Fluid Petroleum Catalyst Residue (FPCR)
Authors: Mustafa Safa , Dulaimi Anmar , Alyhya Wajde
Published: March 2021

Fluid petroleum catalyst residue (FPCR) is a by-product material produced in the industry of petroleum. This research presents an experimental work to investigate the effect of FPCR as a partial replacement for Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) in five replacement levels of 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, and 50% from the dry weight of cement. For this purpose, the setting times and compressive strength were examined at ages of 3, 7, and 28 days to assess the performance of mortar samples concerning reference mix (mix with zero replacement). The findings exhibited that the compressive strengths of mortar with 10% FPCR replacement at early and later ages increased compared with the control OPC. The 10% replacement level of FPCR has almost the same initial setting time to that of OPC, while there was a slight reduction in the final setting time. The developed mortars had significant changes in their microstructures with time, as observed by the imaging from SEM. The cost of the cement industry and its negative impacts, including CO2 emissions, can be reduced considerably as a result of this study.
The criteria for selecting the landfill sites in Baghdad governorate
Authors: Majeed Raafat Ali , Breesam Hatem Khaleefah
Published: March 2021

Administrating and managing solid waste are complicated and challengeable tasks for the local government of Baghdad city. In this area, the landfills site does not satisfy the required local and international criteria. As well as, in Baghdad, selecting the geographical location of Landfill sites is a complex process due to the enormous number of variables that need to be analyzed and considered. This study aims to identify the criteria for landfill site selection in Baghdad governorate. To do so, this study has considered and analyzed three of the main criteria, (which are environmental, political and economic criteria to make recommendations of selecting the location of the landfills site in Baghdad. Within the three main criteria, thirty sub-criteria of the most important criteria were selected for this purpose. From ministries (fieldwork) and theoretical study. In this study, (IBM,SPSS,V23) program was used to analyze the main criteria and sub-criteria and rank them from top-bottom based on their values of Relative Importance Index (RII) technique. The results of this study have reviled that the economic criteria is the most significant main criteria and tenure of land are the most significant sub criteria, which must be significantly considered to make recommendations of selecting the location of the landfills’ sites in Iraq.
Demand forecasting model analysis for Al-kufa road network
Authors: Al-Duhaidahawi Zainab S , Al-Jameel Hamid A , Al-Muhanna Raid R
Published: March 2021

For the design of transport facilities and services, as well as for planning, expenditure, and policy development, travel demand modelling studies are important. The goal of this research is to improve and apply projected models for each stage of the Al-Kufa city travel demand forecast process that includes, in addition to the road network database, social, economic, location and land-use features. The study region is separated into four sectors to accomplish the study goal. For data collection, full interview, and home questionnaire, two methods have been used. In September 2019, the data collection began. The six-purpose trip generation models (home base work, educational, religious, social, shopping, other trips) were advanced by stepwise regression method (Multiple Linear Regression, MLR) using software SPSS version 20. The results indicated that the determination coefficient R2 for (Y) (the total number of trips is 0.88 and considered to be a very good correlation. Travel time and cost of each utility mode are the key parameters that have affected the mode option models and the gravity model used in Al-Kufa city for the trip distribution method. The assignment models for the allocation of traffic in the Al-Kufa road network for the base year of the analysis are used by the (Stochastic user equilibrium), the network suffers from high congestion with near and higher v/c links 1.
Impact of Substitute Portland Cement with CKD on the Mechanical and Durability Characteristics of Cement Mortar
Authors: Al-Faluji Duaa , Al-Rubaye Muna M. , Nasr Mohammed Salah , Shubbar Ali A. , Al-Khafaji Zainab S. , Alkhayyat Ahmed , Abdulraheem Mustafa S.
Published: March 2021

Cement mortar is a binding material that is made of cement, sand and water. In general, mixes of mortar are made of raw materials. However, using raw materials in producing mortar leads to many environmental and economic issues. One of the most common solutions to reduce these issues is replacing raw materials by waste and/or by-product materials; especially replacing cement. The aim of this research is to explore the characteristics of mortar mixes after partially replacing Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) by Cement Kiln Dust (CKD) at three percentages (10%, 20% and 30%) in terms of initial and final setting time, compressive strength and Ultrasonic Pulse Velocity (UPV). The control mortar specimen (mortar containing OPC only) results were adopted for comparison with results of mortar mixes that incorporated CKD. Results showed that increment in CKD replacement percentages led to a decrement in the compressive strength and UPV and an increment in the setting time.
Comparative Study of Pratt Truss, Vierendeel Structure, and Plate Girder for Overhead Crane Girder
Authors: Ahmmed Mazin Abdulimam , Dewan Mazen , Al. Khuzaie Hussein M. Ashour
Published: March 2021

This paper presents a study to get optimum type of crane girder. Three types of structures were studied: Pratt truss, Vierendeel frame and plate girder. Length of crane girder is 30 m and designed to carry 60 kN. Only (I) and angle steel sections were used to build crane girder. A nonlinear model was adopted to simulate the girder using finite element method. Weight of girder and maximum deflection were the main parameters used to compare. The results of the study identified that Vierendeel frame is the suitable type compared to the others to be designed and installed for this crane.
Experimental study of concrete filled steel tube composite beam under hogging moment
Authors: Tahir Ali. K. , Shallal Muhaned A.
Published: March 2021

The main objective of this work is an experimental study of the concrete filled steel tube (CFST) composite beam under the influence of a hogging moment. The specimens are consisting of a steel tube filled with lightweight or normal concrete (CFST) and a reinforced concrete slab, perfobond connector is used to connect the steel tube and concrete slab. Seven specimens were cast and tested, five parameters are studied, specimen length, the strength of concrete which filling the steel tube, the influence of filling the steel tube, and existing of a concrete slab. To study the behavior of specimens the flexure test was done under hogging (negative) moment. The testing results including ultimate load, crack, load-deflection curve, and slip at the end and one-third span of the tested beam. The short specimen has a greater ultimate load than other specimens but a smaller bending moment. The local buckling appeared in the steel tube at a load ranged from 83.7% to 96.7% of the ultimate load, the ultimate load of the hollow steel tube composite beam is decreasing by 75.69% compared with the reference specimen, also the ultimate load was increased when the concrete compressive strength which filled steel tube increased. The slip was measured in two locations of the specimen, the slip at the end of the specimens is less than the slip in one-third of the specimens at the ultimate load.
Technological Paths and Formation Levels in the Smart City
Authors: Hasan Maryam Mohammed , Abaas Zaynab Radi
Published: March 2021

The emergence of diversity and difference in the formation of contemporary cities is a result of the different paths of the technological dimension used within the levels of urban formation. As a result, there are technology paths that differ in pattern according to their techniques and according to the nature of association with city formations that lead to the availability of many life facilities for the community. It works to regulate the motor level in the city, the physical formation level, the level of infrastructure and other levels whose coupling with the technological dimension has become an absolute necessity. The research aims to explore the diversity of the technological dimension according to the technical trends and possibilities it provides by identifying the technological paths that are associated with the levels of formation of the city. Therefore, the research hypothesis indicated that the link between the formation of cities and contemporary technology requires several systems and levels within which the different city formations develop. The research explores methods and patterns of formation that can comprehend the technological dimension of cities through facets and indicators related to methods to organize contemporary cities according to the technology dimension. The research provides a matrix of criteria to measure the performance of contemporary cities and the potential for transformation towards technological development by following one or a number of the extracted paths within several systems and levels. We concluded that the contemporary formation of technological cities linked with paths requires the presence of several systems and levels. Therefore, methods of forming and patterns to accommodate the technological dimension of contemporary cities are necessary to organize them based on the existence of systems of formation, levels, patterns, methods and elements, and combinations of these components. The research recommends the necessity to have strategies that support the process of transforming cities into technological cities through holistic programs that organize time to support innovation and creativity within city sectors in order to reach the smart cities platform
Anti-corrosion coating using prepared binary self-healing epoxy microcapsules
Authors: Muhammad A F , Hamzah A F , Al-Kawaz A E
Published: March 2021

Self-healing materials possess the capacity to repair or mend themselves either by inherent response or under external stimuli and one of the most important approaches in self-healing is encapsulation. In this study, poly methyl methacrylate (PMMA) microcapsules containing epoxy resin and amine hardener have been successfully synthesized via solvent evaporating technique with core/shell ratio of 1:1, agitation speed 500 rpm, temperature of 40 °C and 3% wt. of surfactant concertation. The synthesized system is binary for self-healing anti-corrosion coating purposes. Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR), field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM), Optical microscope (OM), Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and Thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) were used to characterize the microcapsules and monitor the healing process. A corrosion resistance test has been done for a stainless steel substrate after coated with epoxy mixed with four percentages (0, 10, 15, and 20 wt. %) of equal quantities from prepared microcapsules (resin/hardener). The results showed that the corrosion of the coated specimen decrease with increasing microcapsules percentage which indicates that the self-healing system worked successfully.
Fluidity of Al-Si Alloy in Metal Mold Casting under Vibration
Authors: Al-Mallak Azhar A , Doos Qasim M
Published: March 2021

The effect of mechanical vibration on the metal fallibility in thin casting was investigated in this study. The vibration was applied in vertical and horizontal mode during solidification process of aluminum alloy (Al-12%Si). This was done in the frequency range from (0 to 60) Hz and at two intensities; high intensity at (1.6 Volt, 4Ampere) and low intensity at (0.8 Volt, 2 Ampere). The results indicated that in vertical mode the mechanical vibrations increasingly improve fluidity of thin sections and the maximum percentage of fluidity improvement was equaling to 30.61% at 60 Hz. For horizontal mode it was found that fluidity also increase with frequency and the percentage of improvement was equaling to 33.35% at 12 Hz but then it falls at 60 Hz for both intensities, that because at strong vibration castings have an elliptical form rather than circular due to metal flow in the direction of vibration more than the other directions which mean that horizontal mode can operate most effectively at low frequencies only.
Experimental and Numerical Investigation of PMMA Based Composites used for Bone Cement Application
Authors: Al-Janabi S K , Al-Maamori M H , Braihi A J
Published: March 2021

Polymethylmethacrylate PMMA is considered a generally famous bone cement base material. Most failures that take place during function, are due to its weakness and lack of mechanical resistance. The clear limitations of PMMA are not enough ductility, strength, and viscoelastic behavior. Current research is an attempt to numerically using finite element and experimentally investigate of flexural and compression behaviour of PMMA bone cement strengthen and improve by adding modified TiO2 nanoparticles (m-TiO2 NPs). Therefore, the neat TiO2 nanoparticles were modified by silane coupling agent and then added by different ratios (0.5, 1, 1.5, and 2 wt %) to the PMMA bone cement. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) technique used to investigate the modification process, as well as to specify the bonding type between the m-TiO2NPs and the PMMA bone cement matrix. (SEM) technique used to study the morphologies of the prepared samples. Properties were measured bending strength, compression strength and modulus of elasticity. Results proved the successes of TiO2NPs modification by silane coupling agent and the absence of any chemical bonding between this modified filler and other PMMA bone cement ingredients. The mechanical properties increased by m-TiO2NPs addition up to 1 wt% ratio then decreased. For the purpose of making sure of the possibility of using the proposed composite materials in the application of bone cement, numerical simulation was used using the ANSYS (16.1) program for the femur model, and the results showed good agreement with the practical results. The morphology and numerical results supported the mechanical properties trends.
The estimation of transmission line loadability Based on Artificial Intelligence Algorithm & Voltage Stability Index
Authors: Wais Dunya Sh , Majeed Wafaa S
Published: March 2021

The continuous changes in electricity demand and supply are contributing to the disparity in quantities of power transferred between transmission networks, i.e. some lines are lightly loaded and others are overloaded. This presents a significant challenge to the secure and reliable operation of the power system. The current research is concerned with enhancing the loadability of electric transmission lines, that secure the increase in load demand through Flexible AC Transmission System (FACTS) injection. This paper is focused on the -Thyristor Controlled Series Compensator (TCSC), the optimum location of the TCSC was determined by applying two different techniques. The first technique was based on an artificial intelligence algorithm while the second technique was based on the level of voltage stability indices for all system lines. The optimal location is based on the fulfillment of multi-objective functions represented by an increase in the load capacity, reduce levels of the voltage stability index, the cost of installing the TCSC, and the voltage deviation. The IEEE-9 bus standard test system as a study case and MATLAB-programmes has been used for the analysis of the optimal power flow, and estimating the loadability of transmission lines without and with TCSC.
Analysis Travel Pattern of Freight Demand Using GIS Techniques
Authors: Wazer Zainab A. , Asmael Noor M.
Published: March 2021

Freight transportation plays a major role in determining the economy of a region. Efficient freight transportation systems are typically associated with reducing the cost of moving goods from and to logistics facilities. The objective of this study is to evaluate the intercity road freight network and particularly analysis trip pattern of intercity truck traffic, using the collected freight data and GIS techniques. Freight data is collected through roadside and interviews surveys which represent the main data source of this study. Various analyses for freight demand is carried out using GIS techniques, the output of this study is useful for decision makers to apply the correct decisions.
Single Phase Energy Smart Meter System Design and Implementation Using RFID and Based on IoT
Authors: Jasim Ghufran M. , Abdalla Kasim K.
Published: March 2021

The measuring of the distributed energy system and billing are complicate and have many problems such as easily prone to tampering, inaccurate, and requires a large number of human operators. This paper proposed the design and implementation of modern and highly accurate single-phase smart energy meter using radio frequency identification (RFID) technology and based on the Internet of thing (IoT). The proposed system has three units, smart energy meter and control centre and recharging RFID card system, which contains a unit for generating a serial number for each card and storing these numbers in the control centre unit. The transmission of consumed energy and smart meter readings information is sent using Wi-Fi technology to the central control unit.
DOA estimation under Bernoulli-Gaussian impulsive noise
Authors: Al-Zuhairi Dheyaa T. , Hameed Abbas Salman
Published: March 2021

Direction of arrival algorithms have ability to distinguish between directions of individual sources under additive white Gaussian noise. However, presence of the impulsive noise can corrupt the angles estimation. In this paper, the performance of MUSIC and ESPRIT, as estimation algorithms, is investigated in impulsive noise with white Gaussian noise environment. The impulsive noise is modelled using Bernoulli-Gaussian model and the effect of varying its statistical parameters on the estimation ability is tested. Three sources with different angles are simulated and a uniform linear array is utilized to capture the impinging signals. The performance analysis includes impulsive noise probability of occurrence and amplitude intensity which both control the impulsive power. The mean square error of the estimated angles is adopted as a metric to measure the performance. The simulation results provide a map of all the expected possible impulsive noise cases which influence the MUSIC and ESPRIT direction of arrival algorithms. The expected cases show that the performance degradation happening in ESPRIT is more than that of MUSIC. At 0 dB SNR, the impulsive noise increases the mean square error by almost 15 dB and 20 dB for MUSIC and ESPRIT, respectively.
Expert system for the production of personalized cloverleaf plate implant for human humerus
Authors: Rashid Mohammed Mizal , Husain Karim Najem , Alhasoon Asaad A.
Published: March 2021

The Expert framework for the Development of Customized Cloverleaf Plate, model is developed and introduced in this paper for the purpose of proper plate selection, and description the geometry and morphology. The Expert System consists of a User Defined Function (UDF) for the development of a customized geometric plate model and a small-scale Expert System for the selection of the correct production method. UDF depends on the model of parametric developed, of the plate implant, which is updated in this research. Expert system is a system which is currently based on the expert knowledge, but additional improvement is scheduled for the following period, e.g. machine learning application. The Expert Framework will give great benefits for the doctors and engineers because it will enable proper pre-operative planning, production of plate implants, end education of medical practitioners and students. By the authors opinion, the most important benefit is the established modular system for the plate creation, which means that any additional knowledge for the plate creation and application can be added and used into The Expert Framework.
Mechanical Properties of Light Weight Aggregate Concrete Using Pumice as a Coarse Aggregate
Authors: Adai Al-Farttoosi Hayder Kadhem , Abdulrazzaq Oday A. , Hussain Haleem K.
Published: March 2021

This study investigates the mechanical properties of hardened lightweight coarse aggregate concrete (LWAC) using Pumice as a lightweight aggregate. Eleven concrete mixes were prepared to investigate the effects of pumice ratio to total aggregate, micro-silica to binder ratio (MS/b), and the water to binder ratio (w/b) on equilibrium density, compressive strength (fcu
), splitting tensile strength (fct
), and modulus of rupture (fr
). The main parameters were performed by reducing Pumice to total aggregate ratio, reducing micro-silica to binder ratio, and water to binder ratio by reducing binder content. Six cubic specimens (150×150×150 mm3), three cylinders (100 dia. and 200mm height), and one prism (100×100×350 mm3) were used to investigate fcu
, fct
, and fr
, respectively. All specimens were tested at 28 days. The specimens had a density of 1833 – 2031 kg/m3 with a compressive strength ranged from 27 MPa to 44 MPa. The results showed that using micro-silica increases fcu
, fct
, and fr
, along with an insignificant decreasing equilibrium density. Due to the low weight of Pumice compared to the other material of the mix, the result showed that decreasing the amount of Pumice increases the equilibrium density, fcu
, with decreasing in fct
, and fr
of concrete. Also, increasing the w/b decreases equilibrium density, fcu
, fct
, and fr
of concrete.
Water abrasion and drop-mass impact of mono and hybrid steel fiber-reinforced reactive powder concrete
Authors: Ali Sajjad H. , Kadhim Ahmed L. , Ayoob Nadheer S. , Abdul Hussein Munther L.
Published: March 2021

In addition to strength, the durability of concrete is a major characteristic to measure its quality. Abrasion and accidental impacts are types of loads that negatively influence the strength and durability of concrete. This article aims to compare the water-impact and drop-mass impact resistances of reactive powder concrete (RPC). Three mixtures of RPC were prepared to evaluate their abrasion resistance using the water jet method in addition to their impact resistance using the repeated drop-mass impact test based on the ACI 544-2R repeated impact procedure. All of the three mixtures have same material properties and a fiber content of 2.5% by volume. One of them contains steel fiber with length of 6 mm, the second contains 15 mm steel fiber, and the last one contains a combination of 15 and 6 mm steel fibers. The experimental work results showed that the mixture contains 15 mm steel fibers showed the best abrasion and impact resistances, while the combination of 15 and 6 mm steel fibers showed the lowest impact resistance and the lowest abrasion resistance at the first six hours. The resulted compressive strength values were close, but that of the sample contains 15 mm fibers was the highest.
Factors affecting maintenance procedures for public buildings
Authors: Breesam Hatem K , Jawad Zahraa A
Published: March 2021

Government buildings, like any other building, need to be maintained frequently, to preserve the original and to ensure that they perform their functions. Maintenance depends on a set of procedures, and these measures are affected by several technical and administrative factors. This study aims to know the most important factors affecting maintenance procedures and their time, to enhance the reality of maintenance of government buildings. A survey was conducted for professionals in the field of building maintenance. The analysis of the questionnaire answered by (75) engineers showed that the most influencing factors on maintenance procedures and their time are; Maintenance time (when it started), safety and health measures, work completion time, defective construction, lack of implementation, poor completed maintenance work, design problems, delay in reporting failure, response time for maintenance work, the skill of maintenance personnel, unavailability of skilled workers, services Building materials, material properties, unqualified contractor, poor budget control, insufficient funds, building age, structure condition, and sewage component networks. Therefore, controlling these factors can reflect positively on maintenance procedures and time, and thus enhance the reality of maintenance of government buildings in Iraq.
Design of robot assisted wireless sensor
Authors: Khamis Hassan Abdul-Kareem , Khamis Hiba Abdulkareem
Published: March 2021

This paper constraints on designing of a multi-purpose robot. A various sensor is used in this design, controls system, automatic arm, wireless communication system and remote controlling. The robot was success in test indoor and outdoor and. It can move easily in rough ground in order to find the destination avoiding any obstacles. The movement of the proposed robot could be wirelessly controlled by using control unit. The proposed robot can be used to protect human since it can allocate the position of gas leakage in home, office, industry or bank. And also, can be used for civil field as detecting metal area. By using modern technology for basic automatic robot with a wireless system so it does not cause any additional cost of wiring. This research success here discovered the metal and toxics gases by using sensors, the alarm will be operating when there is any material or toxics gas appear near the robot.