bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mechanical analysis of sisal fiber/bio-epoxy/fly-ash reinforced hybrid composites
Authors: Mulenga Timothy K. , Ude Albert U. , Chinnasamy Vivekanandhan
Published: October 2023

This research investigates the mechanical characteristics of a novel hybrid composite material, which combines bio-epoxy reinforced with sisal fiber and integrated with fly ash nano-fillers. The study focuses on exploiting the environmentally friendly attributes of natural fiber composites and reducing reliance on synthetic materials. In this study, sisal fiber serves as the reinforcement, and a bio-epoxy matrix is utilized to create the composite. To further enhance its properties, fly ash, a byproduct of coal-fired power plants, is incorporated as a nano-filler. The experimental findings reveal significant improvements in the mechanical properties of the composite due to the inclusion of fly ash nano-fillers. The tensile strength shows a notable enhancement of up to 6.3%, flexural strength experiences an impressive increase of 68%, impact strength demonstrates a remarkable boost of 28%, and scratch hardness elevates by 17% which were all achieved at 20% fiber weight fraction and 5% fly ash weight fraction. The considerable potential of this hybrid sisal fiber reinforced bio-epoxy composite, integrated with fly ash nano-fillers, as an eco-friendly alternative to traditional synthetic composites is evident from these results. Such enhancements make the composite suitable for a wide range of engineering applications, including the manufacturing of automotive components, construction materials, and consumer goods. By adopting this bio-composite, industries can actively contribute to sustainable practices while maintaining optimal performance in their products. This research offers valuable insights into a promising solution for eco-conscious engineering applications, with both quantitative and qualitative evidence demonstrating the achievement of superior mechanical properties in this innovative hybrid material.
Invoking Uncertainty: Parents’ Accounts for Intrusions on Medical Authority in Pediatric Neurology
Authors: Cox Keith
Published: October 2023

In pediatric medical visits, parents may assume the role of co-caregiver with clinicians. At times, parents challenge physicians’ authority to determine diagnoses and treatments for their children. The present study uses conversation analysis to examine parents’ accounts for their intrusions on medical authority in a corpus of 35 video-recorded pediatric neurology visits for overnight video-electroencephalogram monitoring. I show how parents can exploit their legitimate role as carers to challenge medical authority. Through invoking uncertainty in contexts where they have somehow challenged medical authority, parents can account for their conduct in ways that elide direct conflict with physicians and thereby minimize damage to the physician–family partnership.
Description and Impact of Encounters With Deceased Partners or Spouses
Authors: Penberthy Jennifer K. , St Germain-Sehr Noelle R. , Grams Gwen , Burns Madeline , Lorimer David , Cooper Callum E. , Roe Chris A. , Morrison Sophie , Elsaesser Evelyn
Published: October 2023

This study investigates perceived interactions with the deceased, a phenomenon reported across societies, with 30-34% of individuals likely experiencing at least one ADC in their lifetime. Despite this prevalence, studies examining the impact of ADCs’ on those who have lost partners are limited. We present data from 70 individuals reporting partner ADCs via an online survey. Forty percent reported accelerated recovery and 42.9% confirm the ADCs' significant influence in their grieving, with 61% expressing a desire for continued contact. ADCs, interestingly, didn’t worsen their pain. The influence on grief-related sadness varied: 41% noted no change, while 40% reported reduced sadness. Forty-seven percent acknowledged ADCs eased their loss acceptance. The data highlight ADCs’ substantial, potentially therapeutic role in grief and healing, despite varying effects on sadness and recovery. This study underscores the ADCs’ possible positive influence on bereaved partners, advocating for a deeper understanding of this phenomenon in the grieving process.
Bipolar Coping Strategies of Nurses in Facing the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Meta-synthesis Review
Authors: Rahnama Mozhgan , Abdollahimohammad Abdolghani , Shahdadi Hossein
Published: October 2023

Nurses on the front line of facing the COVID-19 pandemic have applied many coping strategies to adapt to their experienced physical and psychosocial challenges. This review aimed to identify coping strategies of nurses in the face of Covid-19. In this meta-synthesis review, qualitative articles related to the coping strategies published in English in the Google Scholar, PubMed, Web of Science, ScienceDirect, and CINAHL databases were selected and analyzed. The review of selected articles showed nurses have used various coping strategies that can be categorized into one main theme, two themes, and ten sub-themes. The theme of efficient coping strategies includes the sub-themes of spiritual-religious coping, protective coping (protection of family members and colleagues), supportive coping by obtaining support from family, friends, colleagues, society, and government organizations, committed coping, positive mind coping, emotional coping, operational coping, and fun coping. The theme of inefficient coping strategies includes the sub-themes of avoidance and risky behaviors. The strategies lead to the synthesis of bipolar coping strategies of nurses during the COVID-19 pandemic. Therefore, healthcare policymakers should emphasize using efficient strategies and avoiding inefficient ones.
“What the hell do you want to build missiles for?!”
Authors: Green William R.
Published: October 2023

The following speech was delivered at the 50th anniversary banquet of the American Society of Missiology, held at St. Mary’s College, University of Notre Dame, on June 17, 2023. Its content addresses two guiding questions posed by Darrell Whiteman: “Why am I passionate about missiology,” and “What do I hope to see in the field of missiology and in ASM in the next 50 years?”
The Imposition of Pretrial Conditions on Released Federal Defendants: The Overuse of Conditions Without Providing Any Measurable Benefits
Authors: Cohen Thomas H. , Hicks William
Published: October 2023

In the federal system, defendants placed on pretrial release may have multiple conditions imposed on them which are aimed at ensuring court appearances and maintaining public safety. In general, little is known about the number of conditions imposed on released federal defendants, the extent to which conditions are associated with pretrial risk, and the potential of these conditions to maximize court appearances and minimize pretrial crime. This study seeks to address these issues by examining the imposition of pretrial conditions on 223,260 released federal defendants. The results show that defendants received an average of about nine conditions and that the association between conditions and a defendant’s pretrial risk classification was relatively modest. The results also show conditions having no significant relationship with reductions in the likelihood of pretrial crime or missed court appearances; however, the probability of being revoked increases with the number of conditions imposed.
Procedural Justice, Perceived Legitimacy, and Reoffending Behavior: In Police and Court Setting
Authors: van Hall Matthias , Dirkzwager Anja J. E. , Van der Laan Peter H. , Nieuwbeerta Paul
Published: October 2023

Despite the increasing body of procedural justice research studying individuals involved in the criminal justice system, this strand of literature has used different approaches to measure procedural justice and legitimacy. The present study assesses the different theoretical assumptions of these approaches across two criminal justice settings, namely, policing and courts. In addition, we examine how procedural justice stemming from interactions with police officers and judges is related to legitimacy and reoffending behavior postrelease. Using data on adult detainees who entered Dutch pretrial detention centers, our findings support the theoretical assumptions regarding procedural justice and felt obligation to obey the law in both criminal justice settings. Furthermore, path analyses show that perceptions of procedural justice arising from encounters with police officers and judges are related to a higher sense of obligation to obey the law, which in turn is associated with a lower risk of reoffending.
Self-Legitimacy of Prison Workers and Treatment of Correctional Clients: A Study in Slovenian Prisons
Authors: Hacin Rok , Meško Gorazd
Published: October 2023

Studies on self-legitimacy in the prison environment have confirmed the differences in prison workers’ perceptions of their own legitimacy in different cultural settings. This study focuses on factors influencing prison workers’ self-legitimacy and their support of the specific treatment of correctional clients in Slovenian prisons. The results highlighted good relations with correctional clients, satisfaction with payment, internalization of subcultural norms, higher education, and positive perception of workplace (professional) competencies as correlates of prison workers’ self-legitimacy. Prison workers’ support of the resocialization of correctional clients was influenced by their feelings of obligation toward correctional clients, rejection of prison subculture norms, and gender, female prison workers being more inclined toward resocialization. In contrast, lack of cooperation between prison services, bad relations with correctional clients, and lower levels of achieved education were associated with prison workers’ support of the harsh treatment of correctional clients. The implications of these findings are discussed.
“Reasonable, Warranted and Consonant”: Police Violence and Police Sovereignty in 1960s Newark
Authors: Radney Imani
Published: October 2023

This article examines the defensive politics of police advocacy, which prized independence and was explicitly tied to the issue of police violence, that emerged in Newark, New Jersey, during the mid-1960s. In response to charges of brutality and calls for civilian review of police misconduct, law enforcement officers and their supporters advanced a vision of policing that was entrenched in a belief in police sovereignty—a term I offer to name the notion that law enforcement officers alone should define the boundaries of police work. Abundant violence, uninhibited by civilian authorities, was an essential element of this vision of proper policing. Analyzing this political discourse reveals the fashioning of a white, conservative ideology of policing rooted in the valorization of police violence.
Individualized Parent-Mediated Behavioral Treatment for Challenging Behavior: A Program Description
Authors: Nuhu Nadrat N. , Muething Colin , Gillespie Scott E. , Mevers Joanna Lomas , Scheithauer Mindy
Published: October 2023

Past research suggests behavioral treatments are effective for challenging behavior in children and young adults with neurodevelopmental disorders, such as autism spectrum disorder (ASD). However, access to these services can be limited and require substantial resources. To address this issue, the current study provides a programmatic description of an individualized parent-mediated service model targeting moderate challenging behavior. In the program, therapists coached parents to implement functional analyses and individualized function-based treatment packages. Forty-one families of children and young adults with neurodevelopmental disorders participated. Most clients (75.6%) met all admission treatment goals and parents reported significant decreases in frequency and severity of challenging behaviors at discharge. Parents also reported less stress at discharge. Outcomes of the study suggest this parent-mediated treatment model is a viable option to treating moderate challenging behavior in children and young adults with intellectual and developmental disorders.
Effect of Intralesional Steroid Injections Among Patients with Acquired Laryngotracheal Stenosis Undergoing Endoscopic Balloon Dilation Using Pulmonary Function Tests
Authors: Alouda Nada , Almujaiwel Nasser , Alrabiah Abdulaziz , Aljasser Abdullah , Bukhari Manal , Alammar Ahmed , Habib Syed
Published: October 2023

Objectives: Laryngotracheal stenosis (LTS) is characterized by an abnormal decrease in the upper airway diameter. The pulmonary function test (PFT) is an effective adjunctive diagnostic tool for upper airway obstruction. LTS can be managed with either open surgery or less invasive endoscopic approaches, among which endoscopic balloon dilation is the main method; this may include concurrent intralesional steroid injection (ILSI), which has the potential of improving the outcomes. However, the effectiveness of ILSI is unclear. We aimed to compare the improvement in PFT parameters among patients with acquired LTS following endoscopic balloon dilation who received and did not receive ILSIs. We also compared the recurrence times and rates between the 2 patient cohorts. Methods: We retrospectively collected data regarding pre- and postoperative PFTs, as well as inter-dilation interval records, obtained between June 2015 and April 2020. Results: We included 34 patients with acquired etiologies. The most common cause of stenosis was intubation (52.9%), followed by trauma (29.4%). Further, 52.9% of the patients received ILSIs. Symptom recurrence was reported in 23 (67.6%) cases, with no significant between-group difference −0.1389 [95% confidence interval (CI): −0.4483, 0.1705]. The mean (standard deviation) duration of the first reintervention was 8.62 (8.00) and 7.38 (3.20) months among patients who did and did not receive ILSIs, respectively (mean difference −1.23, P = .614, 95% CI −6.30, 3.84). Conclusion: Our findings indicated that PFT parameters improved following endoscopic balloon dilation, with forced expiratory volume in 1 second being significantly higher with concurrent ILSI. However, there was no between-method difference in the treatment effectiveness. Additionally, the restenosis recurrence rate was consistent with that reported in the literature.
Surgical Versus Noninvasive Manual Repositioning After Cochlear Implant Partial Magnet Dislocation
Authors: Rupp Robin , Balk Matthias , Allner Moritz , Sievert Matti , Mueller Sarina K. , Hoppe Ulrich , Hornung Joachim , Iro Heinrich , Gostian Antoniu-Oreste
Published: October 2023

Objectives: To compare surgical magnet repositioning (SMR) and noninvasive manual magnet repositioning (MMR) as treatments for partial magnet dislocation (PMD) of the internal magnet in a cochlear implant (CI) caused by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The primary objective was the success rate, while the secondary objectives were total postinterventional CI downtime and complications. Methods: This single-center retrospective study was conducted at a tertiary referral medical center. Patients with CI treated for PMD between January 1, 2007 and September 30, 2022 were included. SMR served as primary treatment until June 2019 and as secondary treatment after the introduction of MMR. Results: A total of 51 cases of PMD were observed in 42 patients and 43 devices (18 ♀; 24 ♂; 12 with bilateral CI). MMR was performed successfully in 19 out of 20 cases (95%), while 32 cases were managed successfully by SMR. The median age at first magnet repositioning was 53.8 years (minimum 19 years, maximum 93 years). When MMR was performed, the mean time from diagnosis to treatment (0.5 ± 1.5 days vs 9.8 ± 7.6 days; P < .01), the mean time from repositioning to CI reactivation (1.4 ± 4.3 days vs 13.1 ± 6.7 days; P < .01), and the mean total CI downtime (1.9 ± 4.8 days vs 22.9 ± 11.9 days; P < .01) were significantly shorter compared to SMR. Significantly fewer complications were experienced with MMR [ n = 0 (0%) vs n = 8 (25%); P = .04]. Conclusion: In case of PMD caused by MRI, noninvasive MMR shows a high success rate with a shorter total CI downtime as well as a lower complication rate compared to SMR. Therefore, MMR should be considered as first line treatment with SMR as a second option in case of failure.
Gender Prototypes Hinder Bystander Intervention in Women’s Sexual Harassment
Authors: Schachtman Rebecca , Gallegos Jonathan , Kaiser Cheryl R.
Published: October 2023

Bystander intervention is a powerful response to sexual harassment that reduces victims’ burden to respond. However, gender prototypes depicting sexual harassment victims as prototypical women (i.e., stereotypically feminine) may hinder intervention when harassment targets women who deviate from this prototype. Across four preregistered experiments ( N = 1,270 Americans), we test whether bystanders intervene less readily in nonprototypical (vs. prototypical) women’s sexual harassment. Participants observed a man manager ask a series of increasingly sexually harassing job interview questions toward either a gender prototypical or nonprototypical woman by traits (Studies 1–3) or gender identity (Study 4). Participants were instructed to intervene to stop the interview if/when they judged the questions as inappropriate. A meta-analysis revealed participants had a greater threshold for intervention when harassment targeted a nonprototypical (vs. prototypical) woman—a small but meaningful effect. Efforts to foster bystander intervention in sexual harassment would benefit by recognizing this neglect of nonprototypical women.
Controlling the Minimum Item Exposure Rate in Computerized Adaptive Testing: A Two-Stage Sympson–Hetter Procedure
Authors: Chao Hsiu-Yi , Chen Jyun-Hong
Published: October 2023

Computerized adaptive testing (CAT) can improve test efficiency, but it also causes the problem of unbalanced item usage within a pool. The effect of uneven item exposure rates can not only induce a test security problem due to overexposed items but also raise economic concerns about item pool development due to underexposed items. Therefore, this study proposes a two-stage Sympson–Hetter (TSH) method to enhance balanced item pool utilization by simultaneously controlling the minimum and maximum item exposure rates. The TSH method divides CAT into two stages. While the item exposure rates are controlled above a prespecified level (e.g., rmin) in the first stage to increase the exposure rates of the underexposed items, they are controlled below another prespecified level (e.g., rmax) in the second stage to prevent items from overexposure. To reduce the effect on trait estimation, TSH only administers a minimum sufficient number of underexposed items that are generally less discriminating in the first stage of CAT. The simulation study results indicate that the TSH method can effectively improve item pool usage without clearly compromising trait estimation precision in most conditions while maintaining the required level of test security.
Noncompliance Assessments, Interventions, and Ethical Considerations for Young Children: A Systematic Review
Authors: Malone Elisabeth J. , Zimmerman Kathleen N.
Published: October 2023

Noncompliance is a frequently reported challenging behavior for young children. However, many interventions that address noncompliance fail to consider crucial self-advocacy skills that may be jeopardized when compliance is taught in isolation. We examined the noncompliance literature in the context of ethical considerations for young children: (1) decision-making skills related to compliance, (2) teaching discrimination within contexts where compliance may or may not be appropriate, and (3) addressing support needs that may impact compliance. We found that many noncompliance assessments were not developmentally appropriate, related support needs were largely unaddressed, and ethical factors were infrequently considered when designing noncompliance interventions. Researchers and practitioners should consider assessments that identify ecological factors and support needs related to noncompliance. Young children should be taught discrimination of contexts where noncompliance is appropriate and where compliance is appropriate to promote volitional skills that are necessary for future independence.
Planning for Climate Leadership
Authors: Infield Elisabeth (Hamin) , Shi Linda , García Ivis , Minner Jennifer , Whittington Jan , Goh Kian , Hsu David , Agyeman Julian , Boswell Michael , Stone Brian
Published: October 2023

The profession of planning must act now to become an integral player addressing the existential crisis of climate change. This Commentary builds on the findings of the 2020–2021 Association of Collegiate Schools of Planning’s Presidential Climate Action Task Force, which assessed opportunities to enhance the academy’s climate leadership in research, teaching, and operations. We argue that our field must integrate climate research and education into all subfields, refocus on decarbonization, build a pipeline of diverse students involved in climate action, and develop the language and skills to grapple with planning for climate change.
Safety and Academic Outcomes of College Campus-Based Advocacy Services
Authors: Voth Schrag Rachel J. , Baumler Elizabeth , Hairston Dixie , Jones Cynthia , Wood Leila
Published: October 2023

Intimate partner violence (IPV), sexual assault, and stalking are consequential public health and safety issues with wide reaching impacts on emerging adults, including those on college campuses in the United States. In response to high rates of violence among college student populations, universities are developing campus-based advocacy (CBA) programs, which aim to support survivors of interpersonal violence through supportive connections, resource acquisition, and safety planning. However, little data exists related to their impact on key student-survivor outcomes. Thus, this study aims to understand (a) the approach CBA programs use to address safety and academic concerns of student-survivors, and (b) the initial outcomes of CBA programs on safety and academics among students engaged in CBA services at five universities in one Southwestern state. The project used a longitudinal mixed-methods approach, with data collection activities including qualitative interviews with student survivors ( n = 29) and a longitudinal, web-based, quantitative survey with matched analyses of safety and academic outcome measures from 115 student survivors who participated in an initial survey and follow-up survey after 6 months. Findings demonstrate key pathways through which CBA programs support survivors and facilitate positive safety and academic outcomes. These pathways include education, supportive connection, and resource access. Analysis of longitudinal survivor data demonstrate substantial reductions in sexual violence, IPV, stalking, and school sabotage at 6-month follow-up compared to initial survey, as well as significant reductions in academic disengagement for student survivors. The findings of the study powerfully demonstrate the positive impact of CBA programs on survivor and campus outcomes. Furthermore, programs not only enhance individual survivor safety and academic outcomes but also support the overall climate and safety of hosting universities.
Impact of Gram-Negative Rod Bacteremia Rapid Diagnostic Testing and Real-Time Clinical Pharmacist Intervention
Authors: Kremer Abby M. , Bouchard Jeannette L. , Orvin Alison I.
Published: October 2023

Background: The optimal method for implementing rapid diagnostic testing (RDT) into clinical practice has not been determined for gram-negative rod (GNR) bacteremia. At our institution, RDT was implemented in conjunction with real-time notification of results to decentralized clinical pharmacists. Objective: To determine the impact of RDT result notification plus real-time clinical pharmacist review on the management of GNR bacteremia. Methods: This retrospective, matched cohort study included patients with a positive blood culture for a GNR on the BIOFIRE® Blood Culture Identification 2 panel from September 2020 to August 2021 (historical) and October 2021 to September 2022 (interventional). Exclusion criteria were polymicrobial bacteremia, discrepant RDT results from traditional culture, 24-hour mortality, and comfort care or not admitted at the time of RDT result. Patients were matched based on age, pathogen, and resistance. The primary endpoint was time from Gram stain to appropriate antibiotic therapy. Results: This study consisted of 240 patients (n = 120 historical, n = 120 interventional). Escherichia coli was isolated in 71% of patients with extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing organisms isolated in 8%. There was no difference in median time to appropriate therapy (0 vs 0 hours, P = 0.28). There was a statistically significant decrease in time to first organism-directed change in therapy (40 vs 11 hours; P < 0.01). Length of stay, days of anti-pseudomonal therapy, and inpatient mortality did not differ between groups. Conclusion: Implementation of RDT plus real-time clinical pharmacist review did not significantly decrease time to appropriate therapy in patients with GNR bacteremia but significantly reduced time to organism-directed antibiotic changes.
The Fund for European Aid to the Most Deprived and social citizenship: Case study research in Belgium, Lithuania and Portugal
Authors: Greiss Johanna , Schoneville Holger
Published: October 2023

Persisting high poverty and social exclusion rates remain a key challenge of European welfare states. The socio-economic consequences following the COVID-19 crisis are challenging the protection of social citizenship and social rights of the most vulnerable. We examine the role of the European Union (EU) in supporting the most vulnerable citizens by focusing on the Fund for European Aid to the Most Deprived (FEAD). Our key question is, if and in which ways the EU strengthens social citizenship and social rights through FEAD. We base our analysis on a document analysis of the Regulation, Member States’ operational programmes and results of a survey with food aid organizations in Belgium, Lithuania and Portugal. Our findings suggest that FEAD represents a contradictory case of European action in the field of social citizenship and social rights. On the one hand, FEAD is a highly targeted social policy instrument. On the other hand, food aid, as the main provided instrument, is based on charity and not on social rights. Accompanying social inclusion measures could support beneficiaries in the take-up of social rights, but these measures lack clear rules for implementation and monitoring. We conclude that FEAD seems to contribute to the institutionalization of charitable food aid within national welfare systems.
The Evolution of the Australian Start-up and Innovation Ecosystem: Mapping Policy Developments, Key Actors, Activities, and Artefacts
Authors: Cetindamar D. , Renando C. , Bliemel M. , Klerk S. De
Published: October 2023

This study maps the evolution of the Australian start-up and innovation ecosystem by exploring policy developments and mapping the key actors, activities, and artefacts. This study unpacks policy developments over the past two decades to show the government’s role in shaping the innovation ecosystem and the implications for start-ups. We outline the ecosystem’s key actors, including start-ups, scale-ups, support organisations, investors, research institutions, and their growth over time. We examine the artefacts of the ecosystem to understand start-up and innovation performance in a global context. We also explore the activities of the ecosystem in terms of collaboration, research, and development. The study concludes with a discussion of policy gaps.
The Impact of COVID-19 on Values and Religiosity in a Multi-Ethnic Population
Authors: Koh May-Yi , Lai Siew-Tim , Lim Kheng-Seang , Lim Stephanie Ying Huan , Chin Joanne , Chia Zhi-Jien , Chan Mary Mei-Yen , Khor Si-Bao , Fong Si-Lei , Tan Chong-Tin
Published: October 2023

We investigated the COVID-19 pandemic’s impact on values and religiosity in multi-ethnic Malaysia. Values were measured as changes in values, daily activities, and life priorities using a 5-point Likert scale (−2 to +2). Centrality of Religiosity Scale measured changes in religiosity. Around 176 predominantly female (66.5%), Chinese (68.2%) respondents, aged 35.5 ± 14.1 completed the survey. Most life values changed positively: a sense of security at home (2, interquartile range [IQR]: 1-2), connection with family (1, 1-2), and contribution to society (1, 1-2). Certain life priorities’ importance increased: health (2, IQR 2-2), family (2, 2-2), and happiness (2, 1-2); except power and money. These significant positive changes in values and religiosity varied between genders and ethnicities.
Human Resource Management Reimagined: A New Perspective on HR Courses for Contemporary Careers
Authors: Fan Yifeng , Javadizadeh Bahar , Aguilar Mariya Gavrilova
Published: October 2023

In the constantly evolving career landscape, knowledge about human resource management practices could prove very beneficial for undergraduate college students who want to construct protean careers. With its broad content coverage, the introductory HR course is best suited to teach students about key HR functions and practices instrumental to their career outcomes. The current introductory HR course at the undergraduate level may fall short of this promise as it primarily caters to aspiring HR professionals. We propose to re-imagine the undergraduate introductory HR course from the perspective of students as future employees instead and illustrate the role of HR functions in career progression and how students could use HR knowledge to advance their careers that align with their values. We offer a detailed framework with updated learning goals and sample experiential activities for each major HR topic. We believe that the new approach will make the course more relevant to all students, which could improve learning outcomes and help students construct and manage their protean careers.
Using Technology-Based Self-Monitoring to Promote On-Task Behavior
Authors: Xu Xin , Sears Sandra , Simonsen Brandi
Published: October 2023

Paying attention during academic instruction plays a significant role in learning. Students with off-task behaviors are less likely to obtain desired learning outcomes. Technology-based self-monitoring is one of the strategies designed to address this issue. This article introduces technology-based self-monitoring (TBSM) for elementary educators of students with and without emotional and behavioral disorders. Specifically, we describe the development of self-monitoring technologies, present suggestions for designing effective TBSM interventions, and discuss I-Connect as an example to illustrate how TBSM interventions work.
Factors Associated With Intent to Leave the Profession for the Allied Health Workforce: A Rapid Review
Authors: Roth Leonard , Le Saux Clara , Gilles Ingrid , Peytremann-Bridevaux Isabelle
Published: October 2023

Shortages of satisfied and well-trained health care professionals are an urgent threat for health systems worldwide. Although numerous studies have focused on retention issues for nurses and physicians, the situation for the allied health workforce remains understudied. We conducted a rapid review of the literature on allied health workers to investigate the main reasons for leaving their profession. 1,305 original research articles were retrieved from databases MEDLINE, CINAHL, PsycInfo, and Epistemonikos, of which 29 were eligible for data extraction. Reviewed studies featured mainly pharmacists, psychologists, dietitians, physical therapists, emergency medical professionals, and occupational therapists. We categorized 17 typical factors of the intent to leave as organizational, psychological, team and management, and job characteristics. The relative importance of each factor was assessed by measuring its prevalence in the selected literature. By revealing common themes across allied health professions, our work suggests actionable insights to improve retention in these vital services.
Young Adult ADHD Symptoms in the General Population and Neurocognitive Impairment
Authors: Agha Sharifah Shameem , Riglin Lucy , Carbury Rhian , Blakey Rachel , Shakeshaft Amy , Thapar Ajay K. , Tilling Kate , Collishaw Stephan , Stergiakouli Evie , Thapar Anita , Langley Kate
Published: October 2023

Objective:

Neurocognitive impairments are associated with child and adult ADHD in clinical settings. However, it is unknown whether adult ADHD symptoms in the general population are associated with the same pattern of cognitive impairment. We examined this using a prospective, population-based cohort spanning birth to age 25 years.

Methods:

We examined associations between self-reported adult ADHD symptoms and cognitive task performance (attention and response inhibition) in adulthood and childhood.

Results:

Self-rated ADHD symptoms at age 25 were associated with poorer performance in age 25 cognitive tasks capturing ADHD-related functioning (attention B = −0.03, 95% CI [0.05, −0.01], p = .005; response inhibition B = −0.03, 95% CI [−0.05, −0.01], p = .002).

Conclusions:

Neurocognitive impairments linked to adult ADHD symptoms in the general population, are similar to those found in people with childhood ADHD symptoms and are consistent with findings in adult ADHD clinical samples.
Role-shifting threads: Increasing OpenMP malleability to address load imbalance at MPI and OpenMP
Authors: Criado Joel , Lopez Victor , Vinyals-Ylla-Catala Joan , Ramirez-Miranda Guillem , Teruel Xavier , Garcia-Gasulla Marta
Published: October 2023

This paper presents the evolution of the free agent threads for OpenMP to the new role-shifting threads model and their integration with the Dynamic Load Balancing (DLB) library. We demonstrate how free agent threads can improve resource utilization in OpenMP applications with load imbalance in their nested parallel regions. We also demonstrate how DLB efficiently manages the malleability exposed by the role-shifting threads to address load imbalance issues. We use three real-world scientific applications, one of them to demonstrate that free agents alone can improve the OpenMP model without external tools, and two other MPI+OpenMP applications, one of them with a coupling case, to illustrate the potential of the free agent threads’ malleability with an external resource manager to increase the efficiency of the system. In addition, we demonstrate that the new implementation is more usable than the former one, letting the runtime system automatically make decisions that were made by the programmer previously. All software is released open-source.
The predictive roles of financial indicators and governance scores on firms’ emission performance in the tourism and hospitality industry
Authors: Olorunsola Victor Oluwafemi , Saydam Mehmet Bahri , Arici Hasan Evrim , Köseoglu Mehmet Ali
Published: October 2023

The tourism and hospitality (T&H) industry can significantly impact the environment by using natural resources and waste generation. Measuring and improving firms’ emission performance in this industry is becoming increasingly important. However, the prediction of financial indicators and governance scores on firms’ emission performance is still poorly established. Drawing on the agency and stakeholders’ theory, our research explores whether financial indicators and governance scores predict firms’ emission performance in the T&H industry. Data on all companies that are publicly traded was acquired from Thomson Reuters Eikon using 485 publicly traded tourism firms as of the end of the fiscal year 2021. Our findings suggest that governance pillar score (GP), management score (MS), board size (BS), and market capitalization (MC) are the best four predictors of carbon emission reduction scores in T&H companies. Theoretical and practical implications are presented, and directions for further research are provided.
The Social Psychology of Framing: The Emotional Content of Finnish Anti-Wind Power Frames
Authors: Husu Hanna-Mari
Published: October 2023

Protests against wind power have become increasingly common in Western countries and in Finland. This article explores various anti-wind farm frames and their emotional dynamics and content. The framing approach highlights cognitive and constructive rather than emotional aspects. However, social-psychological understanding of emotions enables us to recognise those types of emotions that give content to a specific frame and are essential to understanding individual motivations for building frames and joining protests. This article points out three anti-wind farm frames: Nimby (love, feelings of security, fear of disruption, and anger); populist (experience of helplessness, fear, grief and anger); and environmentalist (concern and respect). The frames reveal how online activisms oriented towards the same cause and goal arise from multiple emotional contents, indicating the actors’ concerns over the effects of wind turbines on their own well-being and reflecting their own different positions.
Accelerating artificial intelligence: How federated learning can protect privacy, facilitate collaboration, and improve outcomes
Authors: Patel Malhar , Dayan Ittai , Fishman Elliot K , Flores Mona , Gilbert Fiona J , Guindy Michal , Koay Eugene J , Rosenthal Michael , Roth Holger R , Linguraru Marius G
Published: October 2023

Cross-institution collaborations are constrained by data-sharing challenges. These challenges hamper innovation, particularly in artificial intelligence, where models require diverse data to ensure strong performance. Federated learning (FL) solves data-sharing challenges. In typical collaborations, data is sent to a central repository where models are trained. With FL, models are sent to participating sites, trained locally, and model weights aggregated to create a master model with improved performance. At the 2021 Radiology Society of North America’s (RSNA) conference, a panel was conducted titled “Accelerating AI: How Federated Learning Can Protect Privacy, Facilitate Collaboration and Improve Outcomes.” Two groups shared insights: researchers from the EXAM study (EMC CXR AI Model) and members of the National Cancer Institute’s Early Detection Research Network’s (EDRN) pancreatic cancer working group. EXAM brought together 20 institutions to create a model to predict oxygen requirements of patients seen in the emergency department with COVID-19 symptoms. The EDRN collaboration is focused on improving outcomes for pancreatic cancer patients through earlier detection. This paper describes major insights from the panel, including direct quotes. The panelists described the impetus for FL, the long-term potential vision of FL, challenges faced in FL, and the immediate path forward for FL.
A mixed city or an ancient historical city? The malleability of heritage in rebranding Lydd
Authors: Eljamal Mekarem
Published: October 2023

At the national scale, Lydd is one of the “mixed cities” in Israel; however, to the Lydd municipality, the city is an “ancient historical city.” Through a discourse analysis of how the Lydd Municipality uses heritage as a tool to construct the city’s image as an “ancient historical city,” this article highlights how the two disparate urban identities align in producing and maintaining histories of colonial erasure. To the Lydd Municipality, the image of Lydd as an “ancient historical city” begins with the Shelby White and Leon Levy Lod Mosaic Archaeological Center, a pristine modern structure standing only a few blocks away from several abandoned and haphazardly cordoned-off ruins from the Ottoman era. Looking to municipal rhetorics and urban development plans for several of the heritage sites in the northeastern portion of the city, heritage is understood as a tool through which national priorities, municipal entrepreneurialism, and colonial erasure coalesce.
The Black Church and Co-Occuring Pandemics
Authors: Wright LaNita S. , Reed John A.
Published: October 2023

Black people represent less than 13% of the population in the United States, but over 15% of COVID-19 deaths, with a mortality rate two times higher than White people. The Black Church system has historically been in a unique position to serve Black communities, particularly during times of crisis. The deep-rooted connection of the Black Church system within Black communities was largely shaped by slavery and segregation. However, there have been questions about the relevance of the Black Church system today. The objective of this commentary is to describe the intersectionality of ministry and health that has been illuminated in a profound way during this pandemic. Those in leadership had to evaluate and disseminate COVID-19 information to congregants, recognizing mistrust of the medical and public health systems still permeates throughout Black communities. Moreover, the death of George Floyd sparked international outcry, which launched church leaders to respond to a second pandemic: systemic racism. Understanding ways the Black Church responded to COVID-19, and systemic racism, is significantly important to public health and medical communities as it addresses the relevance of this system and ways to appropriately support during another public health crisis.
C/C soft-hard mixed preform multi-units compression compaction viscoelastic rebound technique and optimization
Authors: Baolong Mei , Jiuzhi Dong , Hongqing Ren , Jian Geng , Xiuming Jiang
Published: October 2023

To address the issue of non-uniform fiber volume fraction between layers in the compression compaction process of C/C soft-hard mixed preforms, a multi-unit variable duration cyclic compression compaction process based on the inter-laminar fiber compression viscoelastic deformation behavior is proposed. This process aims to gradually eliminate the rebound characteristics of inter-laminar fibers and reduce the error of inter-laminar fiber volume fraction. The mapping relationships between the number of units, holding duration, and compaction times with the rebound height of inter-laminar fibers are established using data fitting. The compression compaction process is determined using the Box Behnken response surface design method, and digital devices are utilized for preform compaction experiments. The micro-morphology of the preform is observed using an optical microscope, and the density of inter-laminar fibers before and after process optimization is compared. Experimental results indicate that when the number of units is 3, the holding duration is 57 s, and the compaction times is 2, the fiber volume fraction of the soft-hard mixed preform is 42.90%, which is 12.16% higher than before process optimization, and the error of inter-laminar fiber volume fraction is less than 6.5%.
Spry’s Autoethnography and the Other (Me): My Love Story With Tami, the Gatekeeper Who Invited Me In
Authors: Moreira Claudio
Published: October 2023

The author uses performance autoethnography to explore the impact of Professor Tami Spry’s work in his life.
BEING “HERE”/BEING “THERE” (An Ode to TAMI SPRY, Mostly in Her Own Words)
Authors: Harris Daniel X. , Holman Jones Stacy
Published: October 2023

The authors detail the profound impact that Tami Spry has had on their lives and their work, but through her words and embodiments. The essay/performance uses Spry’s own words in part to elevate their documentation of her influence.
Adaptations to research within the intellectual disability population during the COVID-19 pandemic: Lessons learned from the CAREVIS study
Authors: Bunting Apphia , Palmer Claire , Attavar Rajnish , Wythe Helena , Pattison Natalie
Published: October 2023

The COVID-19 pandemic resulted in changes in all areas of clinical practice, including clinical research and within the intellectual disability population. While there have been some benefits from this rapid adoption of change, those involved in research have had to overcome a number of additional challenges. These adaptive changes, which have included the use of technology, closure of social spaces, working with specific groups who are more vulnerable to COVID-19, and mask use impairing communication, have had both positive and negative impacts on research. As the pandemic and related restrictions evolve, it is important to examine the changes that have occurred. In the future, the adoption of a hybrid model in research is likely to be a common approach, establishing a balance between technology and in-person interaction.
‘Arm your community’: Ideology in vaccine advertising campaigns across countries
Authors: Islentyeva Anna , Scheffler Torben
Published: October 2023

This paper represents a comparative study that explores the governmental vaccine advertising campaigns that were authorised by two English-speaking and two German-speaking countries – namely Australia, Britain, Austria and Germany – within the context of the global SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. The data set in question comprises 40 vaccination posters issued by each country’s respective government between January 2021 and July 2022, all of which were displayed in public spaces. The study aims to explore how national governments use their ideological foothold to persuade their respective populations to take action against the virus by getting vaccinated, thus demonstrating how ideology and persuasion are interrelated in governmental vaccine campaigns across countries. In terms of methodology, this comparative study employs primarily methods of Multimodal Critical Discourse Analysis (MCDA). The strategies identified in the four countries under investigation concentrate largely on two key strategies: (1) providing a sense of community and solidarity; (2) issuing warnings and eliciting a sense of fear. The discourses of the German-speaking countries gravitate towards the discursive strategy of community, with Austria constituting a notable exception. In contrast, the Anglophone discourse in Britain and Australia employs strategies involving fear and warning, although their campaigns differ in terms of the intensity of the discourse they employ.
Enhancing Europe’s sustainability through innovation and technology
Authors: Chivot Eline
Published: October 2023

Innovation plays a vital role in achieving sustainability goals, promoting a prosperous society and driving economic recovery. The EU needs disruptive innovation to meet its climate targets, decarbonise industries and ensure that citizens are not left behind. The technologies developed through innovation can enhance the EU’s competitiveness as well as creating jobs and GDP growth, and also hold significant potential for addressing climate challenges and supporting the delivery of the UN Sustainable Development Goals.

Some studies emphasise that both digital and energy technologies have a significant carbon footprint, given that, for example, the manufacture of computers, the transportation of power-generation technologies from place of manufacture to place of deployment, the raw materials used to build smartphones and the energy consumed by these devices all entail environmental impacts. But the picture is more complex than this. This article argues that the development of these technologies should be seen as a great opportunity to enhance Europe’s sustainability and the EU’s policies for the green transition and its goals. The European Green Deal has proposed an ambitious agenda for achieving climate neutrality in the EU by 2050. This will not happen without investing in several ‘clean’ and disruptive digital and energy technologies, or without promoting policies that provide an enabling environment for these innovations to emerge.