bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pengetahuan, Sikap, dan Dukungan Keluarga dengan Minat Imunisasi Measles Rubella di Kelurahan Bukit Wolio Indah Kota Baubau
Authors: Taswin Taswin , Azis Waode Azfari , Wahyuddin Wahyuddin , Dahmar Dahmar , Erni Erni , Meilani Ni'ma
Published: November 2020

Measles, or known in Indonesian as measles, and Rubella, are two infectious diseases that are contagious. Data for 2018 MR immunization coverage until the end of november only reaches (73.7%) and Measles Immunization trends tend to fluctuate in Bukit Wolio Indah Kelurahan. This happens because of various factors namely mother's knowledge, attitudes, and family support which have been formulated as the reason of the many factors. This study aims to determine how the relationship of knowledge, attitudes, and family support to the interest of MR immunization in the Bukit Wolio Indah Village, Baubau City. This type of research is analytical survey with cross sectional approach, and uses simple random sampling technique. The number of samples in the study were 70 respondents. The analysis used was univariate and bivariate analysis at 95% confidence level (α = 0.05). Chi square test results obtained from the study that knowledge of MR immunization interests (ρ = 0.005), attitudes with MR immunization interests (ρ = 0.004), and family support with MR immunization interests (ρ = 0.273). The conclusion from this study there is no relationship on the family support variable, and there is a relationship on the attitude and knowledge variables with the interest of MR immunization in Bukit Wolio Indah Village, Baubau City. Suggestions that health practitioners can better socialize to the public about the benefits of MR immunization.
Nitrogen cycling in coastal sediment microbial communities with seasonally variable benthic nutrient fluxes
Authors: Marshall AJ , Longmore A , Phillips L , Tang C , Hayden HL , Heidelberg KB , Mele P
Published: November 2020

Benthic microbial communities contribute to nitrogen (N) cycling in coastal ecosystems through taxon-specific processes such as anammox, nitrification and N-fixation and community attributed pathways such as denitrification. By measuring the total (DNA-based) and active (RNA-based) surface sediment microbial community composition and the abundance and activity profiles of key N-cycling genes in a semi-enclosed embayment—Port Phillip Bay (PPB), Australia—we show that although the total relative abundance of N-cycling taxa is comparatively lower close to estuary inputs (Hobsons Bay [HB]), the capacity for this community to perform diverse Ncycling processes is comparatively higher than in sediments isolated from inputs (Central PPB [CPPB]). In HB, seasonal structuring of the sediment microbial community occurred between spring and summer, co-occurring with decreases in the activity profiles of anammox bacteria and organic carbon content. No changes were detected in the activity profiles of nitrifiers or the community-based pathway denitrification. Although no seasonal structuring of the sediment microbial community occurred in CPPB, the activity profiles of key N-cycling genes displayed comparatively higher within-site variability. These results show that despite N-cycling taxa representing a smaller fraction of the total community composition in estuary impacted sediments (HB) these microbial communities consistently engage in N-cycling processes and that seasonal instability in the composition of this community is not reflective of changes in its capacity to cycle N through coupled nitrification-denitrification but potentially via changes within the anammox community.
Development and evaluation of a convenient immunochromatographic strip test for rapid detection of cyprinid herpesvirus 2 (CyHV-2)
Authors: Wu R , Xue Y , Huang J , Ozdemir E , Li Y , Ding S
Published: November 2020

Cyprinid herpesvirus 2 (CyHV-2) has become a serious threat to the gibel carp Carassius auratus gibelio industry and has led to enormous losses worldwide. We have therefore developed an immunochromatographic strip (ICS) to enable rapid on-site detection of CyHV-2 by aquaculture facility staff. The ICS employs 2 monoclonal antibodies (MAbs 2C3-1E6 and 3H2-1G5) against the ORF25 protein, a CyHV-2 membrane protein, as the capture and detection antibodies, respectively. Indirect immunofluorescence assay (IIFA) and Western blotting of CyHV-2-infected fathead minnow cells indicated that the 2 MAbs could specifically bind CyHV-2 by recognizing ORF25 antigen. Sandwich ELISA showed that the detection limit of ORF25 protein halved when MAb 2C3-1E6 served as the capture antibody compared to MAb 3H2-1G5. The test for detecting purified CyHV-2 using the ICS could be completed in 10 min and the sensitivity was 1 µg ml-1. Sensitivity of the ICS remained stable following storage at 4, 25 and 37°C for 6 mo. Tissue homogenate from gibel carp with and without obvious gill hemorrhages was subjected to CyHV-2 detection using the ICS: the results were in good accordance with conventional PCR. Our ICS does not require highly trained technicians or specialized equipment, making it suitable for rapid diagnosis of CyHV-2 infection both in the laboratory and in the field.
Competency of common northern sea otter (Enhydra lutris kenyoni) prey items to harbor Streptococcus lutetiensis and S. phocae
Authors: Rouse NM , Counihan KL , Goertz CEC , Duddleston KN
Published: November 2020

Streptococcus lutetiensisandS. phocaehave been associated with significant morbidity and mortality in northern sea ottersEnhydra lutris kenyoniin Alaska, USA, but the route and mechanism(s) of transmission remain unknown. The goal of this study was to determine the competence of common northern sea otter prey to harbor 2 species of pathogenicStreptococcusbacteria. Prey items (bay musselsMytilus trossulus, butter clamsSaxidomus giganteus, Dungeness crabMetacarcinus magisterand black turban snailsTegula funebralis) were exposed to known concentrations of exponential phase cultures ofS. lutetiensisandS. phocaein seawater for 24 h. A quantitative PCR assay was developed targeting thesodAgene of bothS. lutetiensisandS. phocaeto quantify DNA in the prey samples. Results (mean ± SD) revealed that butter clams had the highest concentration of bacteria (4.32 × 107± 8.20 × 106CFU ml-1ofS. lutetiensis, 1.20 × 108± 2.08 × 107CFU ml-1ofS. phocae), followed by mussels (4.26 × 107± 1.66 × 107CFU ml-1, 1.16 × 108± 5.39 × 107CFU ml-1), snails (1.90 × 107± 5.26 × 106CFU ml-1, 5.97 × 107± 2.07 × 107CFU ml-1) and crab (1.46 × 107± 0 CFU ml-1, 1.64 × 107± 0 CFU ml-1). All prey species harbored higher concentrations ofS. phocaethanS. lutetiensis.
Role of ecological interactions in saltmarsh geomorphic processes
Authors: Williams BL , Johnson DS
Published: November 2020

Accelerated sea-level rise poses a significant threat to coastal habitats, such as salt marshes, which provide critical ecosystem services. Persistence of salt marshes with rising sea levels relies, in part, on vertical accretion. Ecogeomorphic models emphasize the role of plant production in vertical accretion via sediment trapping and belowground organic matter contribution. Thus, changes in plant production can influence saltmarsh persistence with sea-level rise. However, models of marsh accretion do not consider animal-mediated changes in plant production. We tested how 2 marsh crabs, Minuca pugnax and Sesarma reticulatum, which have contrasting effects (facilitation vs. herbivory) on Spartina alterniflora production, may indirectly influence sediment deposition and belowground production, through observational surveys and field manipulation. Minuca facilitated Spartina biomass in some marshes, but not sediment deposition, and had no effect on belowground organic matter contribution, suggesting that in isolation, Minuca has little indirect impact on saltmarsh geomorphic processes. Sesarma reduced Spartina biomass; however, sediment deposition increased, contrary to ecogeomorphic models, likely due to sediment resuspension by Minuca. When Minuca and Sesarma co-occur, the effect on Spartina production and sediment deposition depended on the amount of grazing. When Sesarma grazing is low, Minuca facilitates Spartina growth and mitigates the effect of grazing. However, when Sesarma grazing is high and vegetation is removed, Minuca can resuspend sediment through bioturbation, suggesting the net effect of these species may depend on their relative abundance. This study demonstrates that the effects of plant-animal interactions on marsh resilience against sea-level rise are context dependent.
Seasonal migrations of pregnant blue sharks Prionace glauca in the northwestern Pacific
Authors: Fujinami Y , Shiozaki K , Hiraoka Y , Semba Y , Ohshimo S , Kai M
Published: November 2020

Information on the movements of highly migratory species is important to understand their ecology, including habitat use, population connectivity, and stock structure, to implement appropriate management and conservation measures. The blue shark Prionace glauca (Carcharhinidae) is highly migratory, has a global distribution, and is ecologically and economically important as one of the most abundant apex marine predators; however, the migration patterns of pregnant females are unknown. Here, we used pop-up satellite archival tags to elucidate seasonal migration of pregnant blue sharks in the northwestern Pacific. Of 24 tagged adult females, archival data were subsequently obtained for 21 individuals (141.1-243.3 cm precaudal length). Based on ultrasonography or analysis of sex steroid hormones, 17 of these females were confirmed to be pregnant at the time of release. Females with small embryos moved in a northeasterly direction, from subtropical (10-30°N) into temperate (30-40°N) waters during autumn and the following spring; 2 of these females returned to subtropical waters in spring and summer. In contrast, females with large embryos moved in a southwesterly direction, from temperate into subtropical waters during spring and autumn. Tagged sharks also showed regional differences in diving behaviors, reflecting thermal habitats in the ocean environment. Our findings indicate that pregnant blue sharks undergo a seasonal northeast-southwest migration within a year to give birth to pups in productive temperate waters. This is the first report on seasonal reproductive migration of pregnant blue sharks in the global ocean.
Short-term responses to ocean acidification: effects on relative abundance of eukaryotic plankton from the tropical Timor Sea
Authors: Rahlff J , Khodami S , Voskuhl L , Humphreys MP , Stolle C , Martinez Arbizu P , Wurl O , Ribas-Ribas M
Published: November 2020

Anthropogenic carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions drive climate change and pose one of the major challenges of our century. The effects of increased CO2in the form of ocean acidification (OA) on the communities of marine planktonic eukaryotes in tropical regions such as the Timor Sea are barely understood. Here, we show the effects of high CO2(mean ± SDpCO2= 1823 ± 161 μatm and pHT= 7.46 ± 0.05) versusin situCO2(504 ± 42 µatm, 7.95 ± 0.04) seawater on the community composition of marine planktonic eukaryotes after 3 and 48 h of treatment exposure in a shipboard microcosm experiment. Illumina sequencing of the V9 hypervariable region of 18S rRNA (gene) was used to study the eukaryotic community composition. Increased CO2significantly suppressed the relative abundances of different eukaryotic operational taxonomic units (OTUs), including important primary producers, although the chlorophyllaconcentration remained constant. OA effects on eukaryotes were consistent between total (DNA-based) and active (cDNA-based) taxa after 48 h, e.g. for the diatomsTrieres chinensisandStephanopyxis turris.Effects of OA on the relative abundances of OTUs were often species- or even ecotype-specific, and the incubation selectively allowed for detection of the OA-sensitive OTUs that benefitted the most from incubation in a closed bottle, as containment effects on the community structure were evident after 48 h. Many OTUs were adversely affected by sudden decreases of seawater pH, suggesting high sensitivity to OA at the base of the tropical marine biodiversity and difficult-to-predict outcomes for food-web functioning in the future ocean.
Effectiveness and potential application of sex-identification DNA markers in tunas
Authors: Chiba SN , Ohashi S , Tanaka F , Suda A , Fujiwara A , Snodgrass D , Kiyofuji H , Satoh K , Suzuki N
Published: November 2020

Sex-identification DNA markers are useful tools for sexing organisms that lack externally visible sexual dimorphism, and thus, they provide biological information for ecological and evolutionary studies. Tunas of the genus Thunnus (Scombridae), which comprises 8 species, lack sexual dimorphism of external morphology or coloration. In this study, we applied recently developed genotypic sex-identification markers for Pacific bluefin tuna to other tuna species to evaluate their effectiveness in sex identification. A sex-identification marker named ‘primer pair II’ demonstrated relatively high effectiveness in all tuna species, except southern bluefin tuna. Primer pair II was further tested in 209 albacore individuals collected during the scientific observer program onboard Japanese commercial long-line vessels, and it demonstrated robust performance for genotypic sex identification. The sex ratio of this albacore sample (1:1.4) significantly deviated from the expected 1:1 with the dominance of males, and the mean body size of males was higher than that of females. As all cross-species amplifications of the male-specific markers, except those for the southern bluefin tuna, were male-heterozygous polymorphisms, it is likely that a male-heterozygous sex-associated region exists in the Thunnus genome. The evolution of sex-determination systems in tunas was analyzed by ancestral state reconstruction, which showed that a common ancestor, before the evolution of the genus, possessed the male-heterozygous sex-associated genome region.
Wprowadzenie w dzieje igołomskiego powiśla
Authors: Tunia Krzysztof
Published: November 2020

An introduction to the history of Igołomia region on the Vistula River
Historia geologiczna i współczesna rzeźba terenu / Geological history and contemporary relief
Authors: Michno Anna
Published: November 2020

The text presents the main stages of the geological development of the area, taking into account the diversity of age and type of bedrock. The influence of evolution of the Carpathian Foredeep and Alpine orogenesis on the tectonic development and accumulation of Miocene sediments in the southern part of the Miechów Basin is presented. The impact of climate change and the development of continental glaciation on the transformation of the natural environment are discussed: changes in the plant cover, accumulation of fluvial and slope deposits, and the intensity of geomorphological processes. Particular attention is paid to the formation of loess cover – the origin of the loess, its age and deposition conditions. The development of the relief of the presented area – the bottom of the Vistula valley and the Proszowice Plateau – is presented in detail against the background of climate change, settlement development and human economic activity. The contemporary relief of the area as well as the type and intensity of geomorphological processes have been characterized.
Igołomska terasa Wisły w VI tysiącleciu p.n.e. – czas pierwszych rolników Igołomia terrace of the Vistula River in the 6th millennium BC – time of the first farmers
Authors: Czekaj-Zastawny Agnieszka , Kenig Robert
Published: November 2020

The introduction of an agriculture-economy based on the cultivation of plants and animal husbandry – known as Neolithization – was a breakthrough in human history. The lifestyle that had been led since the dawn of humanity, seasonal migration to search for sources of food, changed relatively abruptly. In Central Europe, including Poland, this process was associated with the appearance of the first farmers known under the archaeological term of the Linear Pottery culture (LBK). Intensive spreading and concentration of settlement occurred at the end of the first phase, reaching peak intensity in the middle phase. Most large, permanently inhabited settlements with longhouses are dated to this period, similar to in other centres in the Odra and Vistula basins. About half of the 1,600 sites associated with LBK in Poland are located in south-eastern Poland. Due to favourable environmental conditions, the Vistula left-bank terrace in the area of what is today Igołomia-Wawrzeńczyce commune, in Kraków district has been intensively populated since the beginning of the Neolithic.
Nadwiślański region w wschód od Krakowa na przełomie er / The Vistula River region east of Kraków at the turn of the eras
Authors: Dobrzańska Halina
Published: November 2020

The article discusses the history of humans in the Vistula Valley east of Kraków from the late Pre-Roman to Roman period (3rd c. BC – 4th c. AD). This area, convenient for settlement, located on a well-preserved section of a loess river terrace, is among the most interesting and richest in Poland at that time. The diversity of habitats on the border of the loess terrace and floodplain ecosystems enabled diverse economic activities, both agricultural and non-agricultural, which was stimulated by easy access to raw materials. This zone is known in archaeological literature mainly from well-developed non-agricultural production (potterymaking, bronzesmithing), dated to the Roman period. It should be emphasized, however, that agriculture was the basis of the economy of the population living here. Distinguished archaeological sites include settlements in Igołomia and Zofipole, both in Kraków district. Trade contacts played an important role in the development of these communities, both in the Pre-Roman and Roman periods.
Igołomia i Wawrzeńczyce – dwa kościoły przy Wielkiej Drodze / Igołomia and Wawrzeńczyce – two churches by the Great Road
Authors: Kamińska Monika
Published: November 2020

The parish churches in Igołomia and Wawrzeńczyce were founded in the Middle Ages. Their current appearance is the result of centuries of change. Wawrzeńczyce was an ecclesial property – first of Wrocław Premonstratens, and then, until the end of the 18th century, of Kraków bishops. The Church of St. Mary Magdalene was funded by the Bishop Iwo Odrowąż. In 1393 it was visited by the royal couple Jadwiga of Poland and Władysław Jagiełło. In the 17th century the temple suffered from the Swedish Invasion, and then a fire. The church was also damaged during World War I in 1914. The current furnishing of the church was created to a large extent after World War II. Igołomia was once partly owned by the Benedictines of Tyniec, and partly belonged to the Collegiate Church of St. Florian in Kleparz in Kraków. The first mention of the parish church of the Nativity of the Blessed Virgin Mary comes from the first quarter of the fourteenth century. In 1384, a brick church was erected in place of a wooden one. The history of the Igołomia church is known only from the second half of the 18th century, as it was renovated and enlarged in 1869. The destruction after World War I initiated interior renovation work, continuing until the 1920s.
THE EXAMINATION OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN BRAIN DAMAGE AND DENTAL RESTORATIVE FILLING MATERIALS: AN IN-VIVO STUDY
Authors: AKSAK KARAMEŞE Selina , CAN İsmail , DUZYOL Mustafa , SEVEN Nilgün , ALBAYRAK Mevlüt , ATALAY Fadime , DÜZYOL Esra , GÜNDOĞDU Cemal
Published: November 2020

The aim of this study is to investigate the possible effects of restorative materials such as resin composite, amalgam and glass ionomer on brain tissue. Thirty-two Wistar albino rats were taken and restorative materials were put in the neck region at the back. After 8 weeks, the brain tissues were removed and analyzed using nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB)/p65 and hematoxylin & eosin staining methods. Further, the levels of superoxide dismutase, catalase, lipid peroxidase, and glutathione were determined in the brain tissues. More intense staining of immunopositive cells was observed in the restorative material groups than the control group, also neuronal degeneration was detected in these groups. Results of the tests indicated increased oxidative stress in all the restorative material groups compared with the control group. All three dental restorative materials exhibited cytotoxic effects on the brain tissue. Additionally, oxidative stress may have occurred in the brain tissue. The heavy metal compounds in the restorative materials caused neuronal degeneration and may also have caused oxidative stress in the brain tissue, indicating the cytotoxic effects of dental restorative materials.
Utilization Of The Puppet Stage As A Method Of Contextual Evangelism To Sunday School Children Aged 5-10 Years
Authors: Alicia Agnes , Silitonga Ayu Rotama , Bela Agustina , Emiyati Ayang
Published: November 2020

Children's ministry is very motivating for the church and child servants because it affects the growth of the child's faith. One of them is the ministry of evangelism. Evangelism is the message of salvation and judgment in Christ Jesus. Children aged 5 - 10 years do not usually understand and interpret themselves as "Christians" because they only follow what their parents do and do. = 'So it is necessary to teach through evangelism to these children. The question is how does a minister convey the "gospel" message to children so that it can be understood easily and what are the results of the ministry? This paper has two purposes. First, the servant understands the method or way of a servant to convey the "gospel" message simply. Second, so that children better understand the true meaning of the Bible. The research method used is qualitative by interviewing sources to examine and understand the attitudes, views, feelings and behavior of an individual or group of people and literature research to support this writing.
The Influence Of Leader's Comprehension About The Church’s Mandate To The Implementation Of Vision Mission Of Indonesian Bethel Church In Surabaya
Authors: Stella Yunita
Published: November 2020

This research concerns about the Influence of Leader’s Comprehension about the Church’s Mandate to the Implementation of Vision Mission of Indonesian Bethel Church in Surabaya. The results has shown that the Leader's Comprehension about the Church’s Mandate has a significant effect to the Implementation of Vision Mission of Indonesian Bethel Church in Surabaya. A slight reduction or addition of Leader's Comprehension about the Church’s Mandate will have a relatively large effect on reducing or increasing the Implementation of Vision Mission of Indonesian Bethel Church in Surabaya. The results of this research indicate that the Leader's Comprehension about the Church’s Mandate has an effect of 20.4% to the Implementation of Vision Mission of Indonesian Bethel Church in Surabaya.
Suffix Study ια
Authors: Chia Philip Suciadi , Juanda Juanda
Published: November 2020

The use of the suffix ια is interesting to study. According to Buck and Petersen combined words in -ια, Ion. -ιη, and those in -ιӑ in the same list because of practical convenience and their interrelations in Greek. On the other side there are uses that actually have their own peculiarities. There are many substantives without connections with adjectives in -ιος because prehistoric substantivations may be surmised. Καρδίας (in genitive) is an example of old concrete substantives in -ια is related to Hittie gen. kardias. Words in -ιă or -įāreflect a type which in the other IE languages appears as an ī/yā stem such as in Sankrit (nom. devī, acc. devīm, gen. devyās, dat.devyāi, etc.).
Real-Time Fast Scan Cyclic Voltammetry Detection and Quantification of Exogenously Administered Melatonin in Mice Brain
Authors: Castagnola Elisa , Robbins Elaine M. , Woeppel Kevin M. , McGuier Moriah , Golabchi Asiyeh , Taylor I. Mitch , Michael Adrian C. , Cui Xinyan Tracy
Published: November 2020

Melatonin (MT) has been recently considered an excellent candidate for the treatment of sleep disorders, neural injuries, and neurological diseases. To better investigate the actions of MT in various brain functions, real-time detection of MT concentrations in specific brain regions is much desired. Previously, we have demonstrated detection of exogenously administered MT in anesthetized mouse brain using square wave voltammetry (SWV). Here, for the first time, we show successful detection of exogenous MT in the brain using fast scan cyclic voltammetry (FSCV) on electrochemically pre-activated carbon fiber microelectrodes (CFEs). In vitro evaluation showed the highest sensitivity (28.1 nA/μM) and lowest detection limit (20.2 ± 4.8 nM) ever reported for MT detection at carbon surface. Additionally, an extensive CFE stability and fouling assessment demonstrated that a prolonged CFE pre-conditioning stabilizes the background, in vitro and in vivo, and provides consistent CFE sensitivity over time even in the presence of a high MT concentration. Finally, the stable in vivo background, with minimized CFE fouling, allows us to achieve a drift-free FSCV detection of exogenous administered MT in mouse brain over a period of 3 min, which is significantly longer than the duration limit (usually < 90 s) for traditional in vivo FSCV acquisition. The MT concentration and dynamics measured by FSCV are in good agreement with SWV, while microdialysis further validated the concentration range. These results demonstrated reliable MT detection using FSCV that has the potential to monitor MT in the brain over long periods of time.
“Two-Cell Assemblage” Assay: A Simple in vitro Method for Screening Hair Growth-Promoting Compounds
Authors: Jang Sunhyae , Ohn Jungyoon , Kang Bo Mi , Park Minji , Kim Kyu Han , Kwon Ohsang
Published: November 2020

Alopecia arises due to inadequate hair follicle (HF) stem cell activation or proliferation, resulting in prolongation of the telogen phase of the hair cycle. Increasing therapeutic and cosmetic demand for alleviating alopecia has driven research toward the discovery or synthesis of novel compounds that can promote hair growth by inducing HF stem cell activation or proliferation and initiating the anagen phase. Although several methods for evaluating the hair growth-promoting effects of candidate compounds are being used, most of these methods are difficult to use for large scale simultaneous screening of various compounds. Herein, we introduce a simple and reliable in vitro assay for the simultaneous screening of the hair growth-promoting effects of candidate compounds on a large scale. In this study, we first established a 3D co-culture system of human dermal papilla (hDP) cells and human outer root sheath (hORS) cells in an ultra-low attachment 96-well plate, where the two cell types constituted a polar elongated structure, named “two-cell assemblage (TCA).” We observed that the long axis length of the TCA gradually increased for 5 days, maintaining biological functional integrity as reflected by the increased expression levels of hair growth-associated genes after treatment with hair growth-promoting molecules. Interestingly, the elongation of the TCA was more prominent following treatment with the hair growth-promoting molecules (which occurred in a dose-dependent manner), compared to the control group (p < 0.05). Accordingly, we set the long axis length of the TCA as an endpoint of this assay, using a micro confocal high-content imaging system to measure the length, which can provide reproducible and reliable results in an adequate timescale. The advantages of this assay are: (i) it is physiologically and practically advantageous as it uses 3D cultured two-type human cells which are easily available; (ii) it is simple as it uses length as the only endpoint; and (iii) it is a high throughput system, which screens various compounds simultaneously. In conclusion, the “TCA” assay could serve as an easy and reliable method to validate the hair growth-promoting effect of a large volume of library molecules.
Medium-Intensity Treadmill Exercise Exerts Beneficial Effects on Bone Modeling Through Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stromal Cells
Authors: Zhang Lingli , Yuan Yu , Wu Wei , Sun Zhongguang , Lei Le , Fan Jing , Gao Bo , Zou Jun
Published: November 2020

As a type of multipotential cells, bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells (BMMSCs) can differentiate into chondrocytes, osteoblasts, and adipocytes under different loading condition or specific microenvironment. Previous studies have shown that BMMSCs and their lineage-differentiated progeny (for example, osteoblasts), and osteocytes are mechanosensitive in bone. The appropriate physical activity and exercise could help attenuate bone loss, effectively stimulate bone formation, increase bone mineral density (BMD), prevent the progression of osteoporosis, and reduce the risk of bone fractures. Bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) is originally discovered as a protein with heterotopic bone-inducing activity in the bone matrix that exerts a critical role in multiple stages of bone metabolism. In the present study, the medium-intensity treadmill exercise enhanced bone formation and increased osteocalcin (OCN) and osteopontin (OPN) mRNA expression as well as activation of the BMP-Smad signaling pathway in vivo. In order to investigate the effect of a BMP-Smad signaling pathway, we injected mice with activated enzyme inhibitors (LDN-193189HCL) and subjected the mice to treadmill exercise intervention. LDN-193189HCL attenuated the BMD and bone mass mediated by medium-intensity exercise and BMP-Smad signaling pathway.
Genome-Wide Analysis of the Expression of Circular RNA Full-Length Transcripts and Construction of the circRNA-miRNA-mRNA Network in Cervical Cancer
Authors: Xu Tianyi , Song Xiaofeng , Wang Yulan , Fu Shilong , Han Ping
Published: November 2020

Increasing evidence suggests that circular RNA (circRNA) plays an important role in tumorigenesis by regulating gene expression at the transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels. Alternative splicing events permit multiple transcript isoforms of circRNA to be produced; however, changes in the expression of circRNA full-length transcripts in cervical cancer remain unclear. Here, we systematically explored the dysregulation circRNA full-length transcripts and constructed an improved circRNA-miRNA-mRNA regulatory network to provide potential biomarkers and possible treatment targets in cervical cancer. We identified 9359 circular full-length transcripts from RNase R-treated RNA-seq data in cervical cancer, of which 353 circular full-length transcripts were significantly differentially expressed (DE) between the tumor and normal group. A total of 881 DE mRNA transcript isoforms were also identified from total RNA-seq data in cervical cancer, of which 421 (47.8%) transcript isoforms were up-regulated, and 460 (52.2%) transcript isoforms were down-regulated in tumor samples. Two circRNA-miRNA-mRNA competitively regulated networks, including 33 circRNA transcripts, 2 miRNAs, and 189 mRNA transcripts were constructed. Three genes (COPE, RAB3B, and TFPI) in the network were significantly associated with overall survival (P < 0.05), which indicated that these genes could act as prognostic biomarkers for patients with cervical cancer. Our study revealed genome-wide differential expression of full-length circRNA transcripts and constructed a more accurate circRNA-miRNA-mRNA network at the full-length transcript expression level in cervical cancer. CircRNA may thus be involved in the development of cervical cancer by regulating the expression of COPE, RAB3B, and TFPI. However, the specific regulatory mechanism in cervical cancer requires further study.
A Multiparametric Approach to Study the Preparation Phase of the 2019 M7.1 Ridgecrest (California, United States) Earthquake
Authors: De Santis Angelo , Cianchini Gianfranco , Marchetti Dedalo , Piscini Alessandro , Sabbagh Dario , Perrone Loredana , Campuzano Saioa Arquero , Inan Sedat
Published: November 2020

The 2019 M7.1 Ridgecrest earthquake was the strongest one in the last 20 years in California (United States). In a multiparametric fashion, we collected data from the lithosphere (seismicity), atmosphere (temperature, water vapor, aerosol, and methane), and ionosphere (ionospheric parameters from ionosonde, electron density, and magnetic field data from satellites). We analyzed the data in order to identify possible anomalies that cannot be explained by the typical physics of each domain of study and can be likely attributed to the lithosphere-atmosphere-ionosphere coupling (LAIC), due to the preparation phase of the Ridgecrest earthquake. The results are encouraging showing a chain of processes that connect the different geolayers before the earthquake, with the cumulative number of foreshocks and of all other (atmospheric and ionospheric) anomalies both accelerating in the same way as the mainshock is approaching.
Frictional Behaviour, Wear and Comminution of Synthetic Porous Geomaterials
Authors: Hughes Amy , Kendrick Jackie E. , Lamur Anthony , Wadsworth Fabian B. , Wallace Paul A. , Di Toro Giulio , Lavallée Yan
Published: November 2020

During shearing in geological environments, frictional processes, including the wear of sliding rock surfaces, control the nature of the slip events. Multiple studies focusing on natural samples have investigated the frictional behaviour of a large suite of geological materials. However, due to the varied and heterogeneous nature of geomaterials, the individual controls of material properties on friction and wear remain unconstrained. Here, we use variably porous synthetic glass samples (8, 19 and 30% porosity) to explore the frictional behaviour and development of wear in geomaterials at low normal stresses (≤1 MPa). We propose that porosity provides an inherent roughness to material which wear and abrasion cannot smooth, allowing material at the pore margins to interact with the slip surface. This results in an increase in measured friction coefficient from <0.4 for 8% porosity, to <0.55 for 19% porosity and 0.6–0.8 for 30% porosity for the slip rates evaluated. For a given porosity, wear rate reduces with slip rate due to less asperity interaction time. At higher slip rates, samples also exhibit slip weakening behaviour, either due to evolution of the slipping zone or by the activation of temperature-dependent microphysical processes. However, heating rate and peak temperature may be reduced by rapid wear rates as frictional heating and wear compete. The higher wear rates and reduced heating rates of porous rocks during slip may delay the onset of thermally triggered dynamic weakening mechanisms such as flash heating, frictional melting and thermal pressurisation. Hence porosity, and the resultant friction coefficient, work, heating rate and wear rate, of materials can influence the dynamics of slip during such events as shallow crustal faulting or mass movements.
The Interdecadal Change of Relationship Between Summer Water Vapor Content Over Tibetan Plateau and Spring Sea Surface Temperature in Indian Ocean
Authors: Ren Qian , Zhong Shanshan , Chen Dan , Li Xiang , Zhang Tangtang
Published: November 2020

The interannual relationship between the spring sea surface temperature over the western tropical Indian Ocean (WTIO SST) and summer water vapor content over Tibetan Plateau (TPWVC) enhances significantly after 1992/1993. The regressed atmospheric circulation against WTIO SST index (WTIO SSTI) for two periods is explored to explain the interdecadal variation. During ID1 (1979–1991), the center of the anomalous anticyclone is generally located eastward and the weak easterly anomalies on its southern flank transport moisture from the western Pacific to Southeast China with no effects on TPWVC. In ID2 (1994–2017), the Northwest Pacific anticyclone, the anomalous easterlies, and the subtropical high at 500 hPa all move westward and enhance significantly; thus, it forms a westward moisture transport pathway delivering the water vapor from the western Pacific into Tibetan Plateau. A possible mechanism is raised. On the one hand, the SST anomalies (SSTA) related to WTIO SSTI extend eastward from spring to summer in ID2. With the increased mean SST in the Indo-western Pacific Ocean under the global warming and the stronger mean summer SST in the eastern Indian Ocean, the positive SSTA induce the enhanced Kelvin waves and Northwest Pacific anticyclone with strong easterly anomalies during ID2. But in ID1, the SSTA related to WTIO SST confined in the western-central Indian Ocean from spring to summer excite the decreased Kelvin waves with less significant easterly anomalies due to the weaker mean SST. On the other hand, the eastward shift of tropical summer SSTA generates the increased convection and rising motion over the Southeast Indian Ocean in ID2. They enhance the easterly anomalies on the southern flank of the Northwest Pacific anticyclone and induce anticyclonic shear through the meridional circulation. As a result, the easterly anomalies shift westward to transport more moisture into Tibetan Plateau. However, in ID1, the easterly anomalies of the anticyclone cannot be strengthened with no westward shift. Therefore, the above reasons lead to the interdecadal enhancement of relationship between the spring WTIO SST and summer TPWVC.
Stress-Related Pre-Seismic Water Radon Concentration Variations in the Panjin Observation Well, China (1994–2020)
Authors: Zhou Zhihua , Tian Lei , Zhao Jing , Wang Haiyan , Liu Jianguang
Published: November 2020

Continuous observation data from a period of 26 years show that water radon concentrations in the Panjin observation well document pre-seismic anomalies prior to earthquakes of 4.8 ≤ M ≤ 7 within a radius of 300 km. Among these earthquakes, two distinct groups with different water radon concentration anomalies and anomaly mechanisms are apparent. The abnormal characteristics of water radon concentrations clearly reflect the processes of stress change, while Cl− concentration, Ca2+ concentration, Mg2+ concentration, and escaping gas flow only document part of these processes. According to Global Positioning System main strain rate fields and area strain rate fields, the change in anomalous behavior coincides with the 2011 Great Tohoku M 9.1 earthquake. This event caused the stress state of the study area, located in eastern China, to change from a relative compressive stress state to a tensile state, and may be the main reason for the change in the precursory characteristics of water radon concentrations (from increasing to decreasing prior to earthquakes). Regardless, water radon concentration in the well remains a good pre-seismic indicator for earthquakes of M ≥ 4.8. In the near future (∼50–100 years), water radon anomalies in the Panjin observation well prior to earthquakes of M ≥ 4.8 will most likely manifest as a V-shaped concentration change. Helium and neon isotopic compositions of gas samples from the Panjin observation well show that the present relatively high levels of water radon concentrations are normal and not an earthquake precursor.
Linking Design and Operation Phase Energy Performance Analysis Through Regression-Based Approaches
Authors: Manfren Massimiliano , Nastasi Benedetto , Tronchin Lamberto
Published: November 2020

The reduction of energy usage and environmental impact of the built environment and construction industry is crucial for sustainability on a global scale. We are working towards an increased commitment towards resource efficiency in the built environment and to the growth of innovative businesses following circular economy principles. The conceptualization of change is a relevant part of energy and sustainability transitions research, which is aimed at enabling radical shifts compatible with societal functions. In this framework, building performance has to be considered in a whole life cycle perspective because buildings are long-term assets. In a life cycle perspective, both operational and embodied energy and carbon emissions have to be considered for appropriate comparability and decision-making. The application of sustainability assessments of products and practices in the built environment is itself a critical and debatable issue. For this reason, the way energy consumption data are measured, processed, and reported has to be progressively standardized in order to enable transparency and consistency of methods at multiple scales (from single buildings up to building stock) and levels of analysis (from individual components up to systems), ideally complementing ongoing research initiatives that use open science principles in energy research. In this paper, we analyse the topic of linking design and operation phase’s energy performance analysis through regression-based approaches in buildings, highlighting the hierarchical nature of building energy modelling data. The goal of this research is to review the current state of the art of in order to orient future efforts towards integrated data analysis workflows, from design to operation. In this sense, we show how data analysis techniques can be used to evaluate the impact of both technical and human factors. Finally, we indicate how approximated physical interpretation of regression models can help in developing data-driven models that could enhance the possibility of learning from feedback and reconstructing building stock data at multiple levels.
Tackling xEV Battery Chemistry in View of Raw Material Supply Shortfalls
Authors: Karabelli Duygu , Kiemel Steffen , Singh Soumya , Koller Jan , Ehrenberger Simone , Miehe Robert , Weeber Max , Birke Kai Peter
Published: November 2020

The growing number of Electric Vehicles poses a serious challenge at the end-of-life for battery manufacturers and recyclers. Manufacturers need access to strategic or critical materials for the production of a battery system. Recycling of end-of-life electric vehicle batteries may ensure a constant supply of critical materials, thereby closing the material cycle in the context of a circular economy. However, the resource-use per cell and thus its chemistry is constantly changing, due to supply disruption or sharply rising costs of certain raw materials along with higher performance expectations from electric vehicle-batteries. It is vital to further explore the nickel-rich cathodes, as they promise to overcome the resource and cost problems. With this study, we aim to analyze the expected development of dominant cell chemistries of Lithium-Ion Batteries until 2030, followed by an analysis of the raw materials availability. This is accomplished with the help of research studies and additional experts’ survey which defines the scenarios to estimate the battery chemistry evolution and the effect it has on a circular economy. In our results, we will discuss the annual demand for global e-mobility by 2030 and the impact of Nickel-Manganese-Cobalt based cathode chemistries on a sustainable economy. Estimations beyond 2030 are subject to high uncertainty due to the potential market penetration of innovative technologies that are currently under research (e.g. solid-state Lithium-Ion and/or sodium-based batteries).
Responses of Plant Biomass in the Brazilian Savanna to Frequent Fires
Authors: Gomes Letícia , Miranda Heloisa Sinátora , Soares-Filho Britaldo , Rodrigues Lucas , Oliveira Ubirajara , Bustamante Mercedes M. C.
Published: November 2020

Fire has been a natural feature of the ecosystem for million years. Still, currently fire regimes have been increasingly altered by human activities and climate change, causing economic losses, air pollution, and environmental damage. In Brazil, savannas (locally known as the Cerrado) occupy almost 25% of the area of the country and contain 70% of the concentrated burned area. Fire frequency is related to the use of biannual fire in agricultural practices, aiming at cleaning cattle pastures, which act as ignition sources for the surrounding natural vegetation. Here, we present an ecological model to demonstrate how biennial fire affects plant biomass and carbon release from fine fuel in the Cerrado. The BEFIRE model (Behavior and Effect of Fire) is the first quantitative model to simulate the relationships between fire frequency, plant biomass, and fire-associated emissions based on the synthesis of knowledge about fire behavior and the effects on ecosystems compiled from experimental burnings in the Cerrado. Our model uses microclimate variables and vegetation structure (the amount of the aboveground biomass of trees, shrubs, herbs, and grasses) as inputs, and generates outputs related to the fire behavior (fire spread rate, fire intensity, and heat released) and the fire effects on the dynamic of plant biomass and post-fire carbon emissions. The BEFIRE model predicts that biennial fires allow for the recovery of the biomass of herbs and grasses, due to its fast growth. However, this fire interval does not allow for the recovery of the biomass of shrubs and trees. These growth limitations alter the co-existence of trees/shrubs and herbs/grasses and prevent the uptake of the total amount of emitted carbon from the combustion of fine fuel. Based on the model results, we proposed some recommendations for fire management in this threatened biome.
The Role of RIPK1/3 in Adult Onset Still’s Disease Patients With Liver Damage: A Preliminary Study
Authors: Liu Xuesong , Guo Ruru , Meng Xinyu , Fang Jianchen , Lu Liangjing
Published: November 2020

Objective

This study aimed to investigate the distributions of lymphocytes in adult onset Still’s disease (AOSD) with liver dysfunction, and further prospectively explore whether receptor interacting serine/threonine kinases (RIPKs) in lymphocytes play a role in the pathogenesis of AOSD especially liver involvement.

Methods

Seventy-two AOSD patients and 19 cases of healthy controls (HCs) were retrospectively reviewed, the AOSD group was then divided into liver damage (LD) group and non-liver damage (NLD) group, and the distributions of lymphocytes in peripheral blood were analyzed. Another independent 24 AOSD patients and 20 HCs were recruited for prospective study of RIPKs; the RIPKs in peripheral blood lymphocytes were detected by flow cytometry. Liver biopsy specimens were obtained from two AOSD patients and underwent immunochemistry analysis with RIPK1 and RIPK3 antibody.

Results

In the retrospective study, AOSD showed significantly abnormal lymphocytes distributions, and disease activity was positively correlated with percentage of CD3+ T cells. LD patients were younger in age and showed higher disease activity score than NLD patients; they had higher frequencies of CD3+ T cells, especially higher CD8+ T cells (all p<0.05). In the prospective study, RIPKs in lymphocytes were significantly higher in AOSD patients than that of HCs, and LD patients also showed higher RIPKs expression than NLD patients. In addition, RIPKs were positively correlated with erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and disease activity in AOSD patients and LD and NLD subgroups (all p<0.05). Further, RIPKs expression was confirmed in two AOSD patients’ liver. ROC curve analysis indicated that RIPKs in lymphocytes (%) could be potential biomarkers in the diagnosis of AOSD and liver damage.

Conclusions

Abnormal lymphocytes distributions and RIPKs expression were detected in AOSD. Aberrant expression of RIPKs in lymphocytes might be involved in the pathogenesis of AOSD. RIPKs could be candidate markers for AOSD and liver damage.