bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effective nutrition education and communication for sustainable maternal and child health
Authors: Murimi Mary W. , Moyeda-Carabaza Ana Florencia
Published: June 2017

Maternal and child health (MCH) consists of an interdependent reproductive system that collectively determines the survival of the mother during childbirth, and determines the health and survival of the child. This interdependency underscores the importance of appropriate and timely interventions during pregnancy through the first 1000 d at the minimum. The Millennium Development Goals (MDG) recommended the use of the continuum of care for the development of interventions by addressing all the stages of MCH. The purpose of the present paper is to review the factors that contributed to the attainment of the MDG 4 and MDG 5 by analysing the interventions conducted by the countries that achieved at least 5·0 and 5·5 %, respectively, and determine the level of their intervention based on the MCH conceptual framework. Out of the eighteen selected countries discussed, fifteen countries achieved their target for either MDG 4 or MDG 5 or both, while three countries did not achieve their target. The countries that were more likely to achieve their targets addressed the societal, underlying and direct causes, and implemented country wide policies. In contrast, the countries that did not succeed were more likely to address the direct causes with poor policy implementation. Understanding the motivation and limitations of the target population, including nutrition education and targeting behaviour change has the potential to result in sustainable MCH. This information has the potential to enlighten the policymakers as we progress to the sustainable development goals, specifically goals 2 and 3.
Primary aorto-enteric fistula as a rare cause of massive gastrointestinal haemorrhage
Authors: Behrendt Christian-Alexander , Wipper Sabine , Debus Sebastian E. , von Kodolitsch Yskert , Püschel Klaus , Kammal Michael , Kammal Anna
Published: June 2017

Abstract. The incidence of primary aorto-enteric fistula (PAEF) is low with only few case reports and case series published. Depending on the location of the PAEF, the perforation leads to upper or lower gastrointestinal haemorrhages. We conducted a MEDLINE search according to the PRISMA statement. Articles with publication dates from 2000 to 2016 were included and present an own case report. We considered all case reports and series reporting on PAEF and identified 85 individual patients from 32 case reports and five case series. The majority of PAEF is associated with atherosclerotic or aneurysmatic findings of the aorta and in particular with inflammatory aortic diseases. Most commonly, the duodenum (64 %) was mentioned as location of the perforation. Other cases involved the jejunum (< 10 %) and the colon (5 %). Almost all patients were diagnosed either with gastrointestinal haemorrhage, abdominal or back pain, or anaemia due to bleeding. The immediate and correct diagnosis of this entity remains difficult. Therefore, treatment is delayed leading to an extraordinary high mortality of almost 100 % in untreated cases. Duplex ultrasound and contrast-enhanced CT angiography have high diagnostic sensitivity and specificity to rule out acute abdominal aortic pathologies. New endovascular approaches can help to lower mortality.
Ultrafast water sensing and thermal imaging by a metal-organic framework with switchable luminescence
Authors: Chen Ling , Ye Jia-Wen , Wang Hai-Ping , Pan Mei , Yin Shao-Yun , Wei Zhang-Wen , Zhang Lu-Yin , Wu Kai , Fan Ya-Nan , Su Cheng-Yong
Published: June 2017

A convenient, fast and selective water analysis method is highly desirable in industrial and detection processes. Here a robust microporous Zn-MOF (metal–organic framework, Zn(hpi2cf)(DMF)(H2O)) is assembled from a dual-emissive H2hpi2cf (5-(2-(5-fluoro-2-hydroxyphenyl)-4,5-bis(4-fluorophenyl)-1H-imidazol-1-yl)isophthalic acid) ligand that exhibits characteristic excited state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT). This Zn-MOF contains amphipathic micropores (<3 Å) and undergoes extremely facile single-crystal-to-single-crystal transformation driven by reversible removal/uptake of coordinating water molecules simply stimulated by dry gas blowing or gentle heating at 70 °C, manifesting an excellent example of dynamic reversible coordination behaviour. The interconversion between the hydrated and dehydrated phases can turn the ligand ESIPT process on or off, resulting in sensitive two-colour photoluminescence switching over cycles. Therefore, this Zn-MOF represents an excellent PL water-sensing material, showing a fast (on the order of seconds) and highly selective response to water on a molecular level. Furthermore, paper or in situ grown ZnO-based sensing films have been fabricated and applied in humidity sensing (RH<1%), detection of traces of water (<0.05% v/v) in various organic solvents, thermal imaging and as a thermometer.
Cryo-EM structure of haemoglobin at 3.2 Å determined with the Volta phase plate
Authors: Khoshouei Maryam , Radjainia Mazdak , Baumeister Wolfgang , Danev Radostin
Published: June 2017

With the advent of direct electron detectors, the perspectives of cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) have changed in a profound way. These cameras are superior to previous detectors in coping with the intrinsically low contrast and beam-induced motion of radiation-sensitive organic materials embedded in amorphous ice, and hence they have enabled the structure determination of many macromolecular assemblies to atomic or near-atomic resolution. Nevertheless, there are still limitations and one of them is the size of the target structure. Here, we report the use of a Volta phase plate in determining the structure of human haemoglobin (64 kDa) at 3.2 Å. Our results demonstrate that this method can be applied to complexes that are significantly smaller than those previously studied by conventional defocus-based approaches. Cryo-EM is now close to becoming a fast and cost-effective alternative to crystallography for high-resolution protein structure determination.
Optical Read-out of Neural Activity in Mammalian Peripheral Axons: Calcium Signaling at Nodes of Ranvier
Authors: Fontaine Arjun K. , Gibson Emily A. , Caldwell John H. , Weir Richard F.
Published: June 2017

Current neural interface technologies have serious limitations for advanced prosthetic and therapeutic applications due primarily to their lack of specificity in neural communication. An optogenetic approach has the potential to provide single cell/axon resolution in a minimally invasive manner by optical interrogation of light-sensitive reporters and actuators. Given the aim of reading neural activity in the peripheral nervous system, this work has investigated an activity-dependent signaling mechanism in the peripheral nerve. We demonstrate action potential evoked calcium signals in mammalian tibial nerve axons using an in vitro mouse model with a dextran-conjugated fluorescent calcium indicator. Spatial and temporal dynamics of the signal are presented, including characterization of frequency-modulated amplitude. Pharmacological experiments implicate T-type CaV channels and sodium-calcium exchanger (NCX) as predominant mechanisms of calcium influx. This work shows the potential of using calcium-associated optical signals for neural activity read-out in peripheral nerve axons.
Multiple fresh fecal microbiota transplants induces and maintains clinical remission in Crohn’s disease complicated with inflammatory mass
Authors: He Zhi , Li Pan , Zhu Jianguo , Cui Bota , Xu Lijuan , Xiang Jie , Zhang Ting , Long Chuyan , Huang Guangming , Ji Guozhong , Nie Yongzhan , Wu Kaichun , Fan Daiming , Zhang Faming
Published: June 2017

The ancient Chinese medical literature, as well as our prior clinical experience, suggests that fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) could treat the inflammatory mass. We aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of multiple fresh FMTs for Crohn’s disease (CD) complicated with intraabdominal inflammatory mass. The "one-hour FMT protocol" was followed in all patients. Twenty-five patients were diagnosed with CD and related inflammatory mass by CT or MRI. All patients received the initial FMT followed by repeated FMTs every 3 months. The primary endpoint was clinical response (improvement and remission) and sustained clinical remission at 12 months. Secondary endpoints were improvement in size of phegmon/abscess based upon cross-sectional imaging and safety of FMT. 68.0% (17/25) and 52.0% (13/25) of patients achieved clinical response and clinical remission at 3 months post the initial FMT, respectively. The proportion of patients at 6 months, 12 months and 18 months achieving sustained clinical remission with sequential FMTs was 48.0% (12/25), 32.0% (8/25) and 22.7% (5/22), respectively. 9.5% (2/21) of patients achieved radiological healing and 71.4% (15/21) achieved radiological improvement. No severe adverse events related to FMT were observed. This pragmatic study suggested that sequential fresh FMTs might be a promising, safe and effective therapy to induce and maintain clinical remission in CD with intraabdominal inflammatory mass.
GdmRIII, a TetR Family Transcriptional Regulator, Controls Geldanamycin and Elaiophylin Biosynthesis in Streptomyces autolyticus CGMCC0516
Authors: Jiang MingXing , Yin Min , Wu ShaoHua , Han XiuLin , Ji KaiYan , Wen MengLiang , Lu Tao
Published: June 2017

Geldanamycin and elaiophylin are co-produced in several Streptomyces strains. However, the regulation of their biosynthesis is not fully understood yet. Herein the function of a TetR family regulator GdmRIII, which is located in the biosynthetic gene cluster of geldanamycin, was studied to understand the regulatory mechanism of geldanamycin biosynthesis in Streptomyces autolyticus CGMCC0516. The production of geldanamycin decreased substantially in a ΔgdmRIII mutant and the yield of three compounds which were thought to be geldanamycin congeners greatly increased. Surprisingly, the structural elucidation of these compounds showed that they were elaiophylin and its analogues, which implied that GdmRIII not only played a positive regulatory role in the biosynthesis of geldanamycin, but also played a negative role in elaiophylin biosynthesis. GdmRIII affected the expression of multiple genes in both gene clusters, and directly regulated the expression of gdmM, gdmN, and elaF by binding to the promoter regions of these three genes. A conserved non-palindromic sequence was found among the binding sites of elaF. Our findings suggested that the biosynthetic pathways of geldanamycin and elaiophylin were connected through GdmRIII, which might provide a way for Streptomyces to coordinate the biosynthesis of these compounds for better adapting to environment changes.
HPLC-UV platform for trace analysis of three isomeric mononitrophenols in water with chitin based solid phase extraction
Authors: Saini Shivender Singh , Copello Guillermo J. , Rao A. L. J.
Published: June 2017

Chitin based solid phase extraction for mononitrophenol preconcentration and detection.
Common mistakes in cross-validating classification models
Authors: Guo Shuxia , Bocklitz Thomas , Neugebauer Ute , Popp Jürgen
Published: June 2017

The common mistakes of cross-validation (CV) for the development of chemometric models for Raman based biological applications were investigated.
l-Lysine based lipidated biphenyls as agents with anti-biofilm and anti-inflammatory properties that also inhibit intracellular bacteria
Authors: Ghosh Chandradhish , Sarkar Paramita , Samaddar Sandip , Uppu Divakara S. S. M. , Haldar Jayanta
Published: June 2017

Lipidated-biphenyl-lysines that selectively inhibit intra and extracellular S. aureus are reported. Active in murine models, they also possess antibiofilm and anti-inflammatory properties.
Tracking the FeIV(O) intermediate and O–O bond formation of a nonheme iron catalyst for water oxidation
Authors: Yang Bing , Yang Qing-Qing , Jiang Xin , Chen Bin , Tung Chen-Ho , Wu Li-Zhu
Published: June 2017

We describe here a new complex 1 by subtle modulation of the TPA ligand and succeed in capturing the high-valent FeIV(O) species, which is responsible for the O–O bond formation and oxygen evolution with higher efficiency.
Fixation of atmospheric CO2 as novel carbonate–(water)2–carbonate cluster and entrapment of double sulfate within a linear tetrameric barrel of a neutral bis-urea scaffold
Authors: Manna Utsab , Kayal Santanu , Samanta Soham , Das Gopal
Published: June 2017

Unique carbonate–(water)2–carbonate cluster entrapment within tetrameric receptor barrel by aerial CO2 fixation and anion dimension effect on receptor conformation in anion recognition are observed.
Radical reactions of diamine bis(phenolate) vanadium(iii) complexes. Solid state binding of O2 to form a vanadium(v) peroxo complex
Authors: Barroso Sónia , Coelho Ana M. , Adão Pedro , Calhorda Maria José , Martins Ana M.
Published: June 2017

Coupling of a V(iii) diamine bis(phenolate) complex with O2 gives an η2-O2 complex when the reaction is carried out without a solvent. The latter is an intermediate in the formation of terminal V(v) oxido compounds.
Increasing phosphorescent quantum yields and lifetimes of platinum-alkynyl complexes with extended conjugation
Authors: Zhang Yuzhen , Hauke Cory E. , Crawley Matthew R. , Schurr Bradley E. , Fulong Cressa Ria P. , Cook Timothy R.
Published: June 2017

Designing platinum-alkynyl complexes to access a metallo-cumulene resonance form increases the quantum yield via increased rigidity.
UV-induced single-crystal-to-single-crystal conversion from a coordination ladder to a two-dimensional network through an intermolecular carbon–carbon coupling reaction
Authors: Chen Jing-Min , Hou Yi-Xuan , Zhou Qian-Kun , Zhang Hao , Liu Dong
Published: June 2017

UV-induced single-crystal-to-single-crystal transformation from a coordination ladder to a two-dimensional network accompanied by photocontrolled fluorescence.
The effect of probe choice and solution conditions on the apparent photoreactivity of dissolved organic matter
Authors: Maizel Andrew C. , Remucal Christina K.
Published: June 2017

Probe choice, pH, and [DOC] impact the apparent photochemical production of triplet dissolved organic matter in diverse natural waters.
C-Peptide replacement therapy in type 1 diabetes: are we in the trough of disillusionment?
Authors: Pinger C. W. , Entwistle K. E. , Bell T. M. , Liu Y. , Spence D. M.
Published: June 2017

C-Peptide has been discussed as a missing component in therapy for people with Type 1 diabetes. Is momentum fading, or do technology models suggest that it is right on schedule?
A super flexible and custom-shaped graphene heater
Authors: Zhang Tian-Yu , Zhao Hai-Ming , Wang Dan-Yang , Wang Qian , Pang Yu , Deng Ning-Qin , Cao Hui-Wen , Yang Yi , Ren Tian-Ling
Published: June 2017

In this paper, we fabricate a graphene film heater through laser reduction on graphene oxide, which is a two-step process.
Reducing hole transporter use and increasing perovskite solar cell stability with dual-role polystyrene microgel particles
Authors: Chen Mu , Mokhtar Muhamad Z. , Whittaker Eric , Lian Qing , Hamilton Bruce , O'Brien Paul , Zhu Mingning , Cui Zhengxing , Haque Saif A. , Saunders Brian R.
Published: June 2017

Using low-cost sub-micrometer microgel particles in perovskite solar cells reduces expensive conjugated polymer use, increases stability and provides good efficiencies.
Copper-catalyzed synthesis of indolyl diketones via C–H oxidation/diacylation of indoles with arylglyoxal hydrates
Authors: Wang Cuiping , Zhang Zhiqiang , Liu Kui , Yan Jingbo , Zhang Tiexin , Lu Gonghao , Meng Qingtao , Chi Haijun , Duan Chunying
Published: June 2017

Copper-catalyzed synthesis of indolyl diketonesviaC–H oxidation/diacylation of indoles with arylglyoxal hydrates is described.
Synthesis of 1H-indole-3-sulfonates via palladium-catalyzed tandem reactions of 2-alkynyl arylazides with sulfonic acids
Authors: Zhang Xiaoxiang , Li Ping , Lyu Chang , Yong Wanxiong , Li Jing , Zhu Xinbao , Rao Weidong
Published: June 2017

An efficient method for the synthesis of 1H-indole-3-sulfonates via palladium-catalyzed tandem reactions of 2-alkynyl arylazides with sulfonic acids has been developed.
Borata-Wittig olefination reactions of ketones, carboxylic esters and amides with bis(pentafluorophenyl)borata-alkene reagents
Authors: Wang Tongdao , Kohrt Sonja , Daniliuc Constantin G. , Kehr Gerald , Erker Gerhard
Published: June 2017

Borata-alkenes containing the B(C6F5)2 unit are employed in borata-Wittig olefination reactions.
Soluble, optically transparent polyamides with a phosphaphenanthrene skeleton: synthesis, characterization, gas permeation and molecular dynamics simulations
Authors: Bisoi Soumendu , Mandal Arun Kumar , Singh Asheesh , Padmanabhan Venkat , Banerjee Susanta
Published: June 2017

Soluble, optically transparent polyamides with a phosphaphenanthrene skeleton: synthesis, characterization, gas permeation and molecular dynamics simulations.
Evaluating the electronic structure of formal LnIIions in LnII(C5H4SiMe3)31−using XANES spectroscopy and DFT calculations
Authors: Fieser Megan E. , Ferrier Maryline G. , Su Jing , Batista Enrique , Cary Samantha K. , Engle Jonathan W. , Evans William J. , Lezama Pacheco Juan S. , Kozimor Stosh A. , Olson Angela C. , Ryan Austin J. , Stein Benjamin W. , Wagner Gregory L. , Woen David H. , Vitova Tonya , Yang Ping
Published: June 2017

LnII(C5H4SiMe3)1−have been characterized by XANES and DFT.
AIE-doped poly(ionic liquid) photonic spheres: a single sphere-based customizable sensing platform for the discrimination of multi-analytes
Authors: Zhang Wanlin , Gao Ning , Cui Jiecheng , Wang Chen , Wang Shiqiang , Zhang Guanxin , Dong Xiaobiao , Zhang Deqing , Li Guangtao
Published: June 2017

Based on one single AIE-doped photonic-structured polyionic liquid sphere, a novel customizable virtual sensor array system was developed.
POCs‐ and uniform description of interference‐based routing metric design for MG WMNs
Authors: Wang Jihong , Shi Wenxiao
Published: June 2017

In this study, routing metric design for multi‐gateway (MG) wireless mesh networks (WMNs) where partially overlapped channels (POCs) are used for data transmissions is investigated. POCs, multiple gateways and routing are effective solutions for capacity improvement in WMNs. Previous research designs routing metrics for WMNs where only orthogonal channels (OCs) are used. As interference estimation of POCs is quite different from that of OCs, these routing metrics are not suitable for POCs WMNs. In this paper, a light‐weight uniform description of interference‐based routing metric is proposed, and to the best of our knowledge, this is the first routing metric specifically designed for MG POCs WMNs. Equivalent bandwidth is defined to capture the unique characteristics of POCs WMNs accurately, and gateways are also paid close attention to. This metric combines the optimal gateway selection together with the optimum path selection, and simulation results show that it can help select low‐interference and light‐load paths to light‐load gateway for data flows.
Human interaction recognition fusing multiple features of depth sequences
Authors: Li Jianjun , Mao Xia , Chen Lijiang , Wang Lan
Published: June 2017

Human interaction recognition has played a major role in building intelligent video surveillance systems. Recently, depth data captured by the emerging RGB‐D sensors began to show its importability in human interaction recognition. This study proposes a novel framework for human interaction recognition using depth information including an algorithm to reconstruct depth sequence with as few key frames as possible. The proposed framework includes two essential modules. First, key frames extraction by sparse constraint, then the fusion multi‐feature, is constructed by using two types of available features and Max‐pooling, respectively. Finally, multiple features are directly sent to the SVM for the recognition of the human activity. This study explores the static and dynamic feature fusion method to improve the recognition performance with contextual relevance of continuous frames. A weight is used to fuse shape and optical flow features, which not only enhance the description capability of human behavioural characteristics in the spatiotemporal domain, but also effectively reduces the adverse impact of certain distortion point of interest for target recognition. Experimental results show that the proposed approach yields considerable performance improvement over the state‐of‐the‐art approaches with respect to accuracy on a public action dataset.
Analysis of the super high‐speed permanent magnet generator under unbalanced load condition
Authors: Qiu Hongbo , Tang Bingxia , Yu Wenfei , Yuan Shuai , Wu Jie , Yang Cunxiang , Cui Guangzhao
Published: June 2017

In this paper, the 117 kW, 60,000 r/min super high‐speed permanent magnet generator (SHSPMG) under unbalanced load condition is studied. First, the influence mechanism of the unbalanced load on the generator was revealed, and by using field‐circuit coupling method and at rated load, the current unbalance factor (CUF) was determined. Second, through the time‐stepping finite element method, the generator air‐gap flux was obtained and decomposed in virtue of the principle of Fourier transform. The influence of the unbalanced load on air‐gap flux was studied, and the eddy current loss and torque ripple with different CUFs were calculated and analysed. Finally, based on the calculation results of two‐dimensional transient electromagnetic field, the negative sequence current was extracted by using the symmetrical component method. The research showed that the harmonic content of air‐gap flux density increases when the generator is connected to unbalanced load, and the eddy current loss and the torque ripple increases with the increase of the load unbalance degree. The experimental platform was established and the test data were in good agreement with the model calculated results, which verified the correctness of the model. The research could provide some useful conclusions for the research of the SHSPMG.
Vehicle positioning system with multi‐hypothesis map matching and robust feedback
Authors: Zhang Kai , Liu Shaojun , Dong Yuhan , Wang Daoshun , Zhang Yi , Miao Lixin
Published: June 2017

A new vehicle positioning system is proposed using unscented Kalman filter for the data fusion of global positioning system and inertial navigation system, and a multi‐hypothesis algorithm for map matching. The study presents a method to evaluate whether the results of the multi‐hypothesis map matching algorithm can be used for feedback, and a strategy to increase the positioning accuracy based on this feedback. As the number of hypothesis nodes in the multi‐hypothesis map matching algorithm grows exponentially with time, which costs lots of computation time and memory, several methods are proposed to reduce the number of hypotheses nodes by improving the generation method of hypothesis nodes, pruning the branches of multi‐hypothesis tree, eliminating and merging the redundant nodes. Field test results indicate that the system can achieve much higher accuracy with the feedback from map matching, and can greatly save the computation time and memory.
The Utility of Sentinel Node Biopsy for Sinonasal Melanoma
Authors: Oldenburg Michael , Price Daniel
Published: June 2017

Objective Report two positive sentinel node biopsies for sinonasal melanoma.

Design Retrospective review.

Setting Academic tertiary care center.

Participants Patients who underwent sentinel node biopsy for sinonasal melanoma between November 1, 2014 and November 1, 2015.

Main Outcome Measures Clinical course.

Results Two patients were identified. Patient 1 (83M) presented with a sinonasal melanoma anterior to the left inferior turbinate and was clinically N0 neck. Lymphoscintigraphy revealed two sentinel nodes in the ipsilateral and three in the contralateral cervical basins. The left level I sentinel node was positive for melanoma and lymphadenectomy showed no additional metastases.

Patient 2 (71F) presented after incomplete resection of a sinonasal melanoma of the left posterior maxillary sinus wall and was clinically N0 neck. Lymphoscintigraphy with single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT/CT) localization revealed one sentinel node in the parapharyngeal space and another in the ipsilateral cervical basin. Metastatic melanoma was found in both nodes and completion lymphadenectomy was negative for additional disease.

Both patients developed distant metastasis in less than 1 year after surgical resection but responded well to adjuvant immunomodulatory chemotherapeutic agents.

Conclusion Sentinel node biopsy for sinonasal melanoma can provide crucial clinical evidence of regional metastasis prior to overt clinical signs and symptoms. This intraoperative tool has the potential to improve detection of regional metastasis and improve long-term outcomes of this aggressive malignancy.
Substituents’ effect in electron attachment to epigenetic modifications of cytosine
Authors: Nunes Fernanda B. , Bettega Márcio H. F. , Sanchez Sergio d’Almeida
Published: June 2017

Epigenetic modifications of cytosine have been found to influence differently in many processes in biological systems. In order to investigate the differences in electron attachment to different epigenetic modifications of cytosine, we reported the A″ component of the integral cross section of electron scattering by cytosine (C) and its epigenetic modifications 5-methylcytosine (5mC), 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC), 5-formylcytosine (5fC), and 5-carboxylcytosine (5caC). Our results were obtained with the Schwinger multichannel method with pseudopotentials in the static-exchange (SE) and static-exchange plus polarization (SEP) approximations. In addition to the scattering results, we present electron attachment energies obtained through an empirical scaling relation for the five molecules. We observed three π* resonances for C, 5mC, and 5hmC and four for 5fC and 5caC, in both SE and SEP approximations. The cross sections show that the π* resonances of 5mC and 5hmC are located at higher energies than the resonances of C, while the resonances of 5fC and 5caC are located at lower energies. In order to investigate this shift in the resonances’ positions, we analyzed the π* lowest-lying orbitals and the electronic density over the molecules. Using the inductive and mesomeric effects, we were able to analyze the influence of each substituent over the molecule and on the resonances’ positions.
As-grown two-dimensional MoS2 based photodetectors with naturally formed contacts
Authors: Khadka Sudiksha , Wickramasinghe Thushan E. , Lindquist Miles , Thorat Ruhi , Aleithan Shrouq H. , Kordesch Martin E. , Stinaff Eric
Published: June 2017

Scalable fabrication of two-dimensional materials-based devices with consistent characteristics remains a significant impediment in the field. Here, we report on as-grown monolayer MoS2 metal-semiconductor-metal photodetectors produced using a CVD process which results in self-contacted two-dimensional material-based devices. The photodetectors show high responsivity (∼1 A/W) even at a low drain-source voltage (VDS) of 1.5 V and a maximum responsivity of up to 15 A/W when VDS = 4 V with an applied gate voltage of 8 V. The response time of the devices is found to be on the order of 1 μs, an order of magnitude faster than previous reports. These devices demonstrate the potential of this simple, scalable, and reproducible method for creating as-grown two-dimensional materials-based devices with broad implications for basic research and industrial applications.
Super-radiative self-compression of photo-injector electron bunches
Authors: Bandurkin I. V. , Oparina Yu. S. , Savilov A. V.
Published: June 2017

It is shown that the spontaneous undulator super-radiation from a short (shorter than the radiation wavelength) electron bunch can result in a significant axial compression of the bunch under the effect of the rf field of the radiated wave. This “self-compression” can be used to realize a terahertz source of electromagnetic radiation based on the bicolor spontaneous coherent radiation from short dense electron bunches.
Hole trap state analysis in SrTiO3
Authors: Osawa N. , Takahashi R. , Lippmaa M.
Published: June 2017

We have analyzed the temperature and time dependences of the photoconductivity response of SrTiO3 single crystals and thin films. We observe a sharp increase in photoconductivity at 35 K and infrared quenching of the photocurrent below this temperature. We use a simple two-level sensitization model to show that the low-temperature photocurrent is controlled by hole trapping at shallow sensitizing centers within 100 meV of the valence band top. We assign these defect sites to intrinsic Sr vacancies in SrTiO3. This work shows that photoconductivity measurement is an effective tool for determining the location and density of acceptor-type defects close to the top of the valence band. This technique is useful for analyzing the effectiveness of p-type doping in wide band gap oxide semiconductors for developing hydrogen evolution photocatalysts that have visible light response.
An integrated microfluidic system for the isolation and detection of ovarian circulating tumor cells using cell selection and enrichment methods
Authors: Tsai Sung-Chi , Hung Lien-Yu , Lee Gwo-Bin
Published: June 2017

Gynecological cancer is difficult to be diagnosed at early stages. The relatively high mortality rate has been a serious issue accordingly. We herein reported a diagnosis method by using circulating tumor cells (CTCs) which have been extensively explored as a potential tool for diagnostics and prognostics of ovarian cancers. Nonetheless, the detection of CTCs still remains a challenge because of the difficulty in isolating them from whole blood samples since they are shed into the vasculature from primary tumors and circulate irregularly in the bloodstream in extremely low concentrations. In this work, we reported a new, integrated microfluidic system capable of (1) red blood cells lysis, (2) white blood cell (WBC) depletion via a negative selection process, and (3) capture of target cancer cells from whole blood samples using aptamer-binding technology. Furthermore, this is the first time that an aptamer was used to capture ovarian cancer cells owing to its high affinity. The new microfluidic chip could efficiently perform the entire process in one hour without human intervention at a high recovery rate and a low false positive detection rate when compared with antibody-based systems. A high recovery rate for the isolation of CTCs within a short period of time has been reported when compared to the traditional negative or positive selection approach by using traditional antibody biomarkers. More importantly, “false positive” results from WBCs could be significantly alleviated due to the high specificity of the cancer cell-specific aptamers. The developed integrated microfluidic system could be promising for the isolation and detection of CTCs, which could be used for early diagnosis and prognosis of cancers.
The “seeds” of charisma
Authors: Poggi Isabella
Published: June 2017

Given its role in leaders’ persuasive skills, “charisma” is a relevant field for multimodal rhetoric. This chapter investigates Mussolini’s charisma in his speeches and multimodal communication. According to a socio-cognitive model, charisma is a set of a person’s internal features, manifested by external displays – words, voice, gestures, facial expression – that have an important role in persuasion since, triggering positive emotions, they induce others to pursue goals in a convinced, engaged, enthusiastic way. Various internal features that are the bulk of a speaker’s persuasiveness, such as imperiousness, categoricity, empathy, or creativity, are first identified in Mussolini’s words and speech acts. Then an annotation scheme of his multimodal communication is employed to identify how these features are displayed in Mussolini’s prosody, gestures, facial expressions, and posture. The analysis shows that their frequency and combination only rarely make up a “Benevolent” type of charisma, and more often shape an “Authoritarian-Threatening” and a “Proactive-Attractive” charisma.
Prelinguistic gesture use in mother-infant and mother-infant-sibling interactions
Authors: Kishimoto Takeshi
Published: June 2017

I tested the hypothesis that, in infant-mother-sibling interactions, infants with older siblings aged 11 to 24
months produce deictic gestures when they are proximal to, or engaging in joint attention with, their mothers more frequently than same-aged
infants without siblings. Fifteen infant-mother dyads and 10 infant-mother-sibling triads were individually observed for 15 minutes in a
playroom full of toys. Infants involved in infant-mother-sibling interactions produced more deictic gestures when they were proximal to
their mothers than infants in infant-mother interactions. Further, infants involved in infant-mother-sibling interactions accompanied their
gestures with vocalizations at a higher rate than infants in infant-mother interactions. This result suggests that infants with older
siblings monitor their mothers more carefully in interactions in which their sibling is also present, and that they produce deictic gestures
in order to effectively elicit joint action with their mothers.
A sociobiological account of indirect speech
Authors: Masia Viviana
Published: June 2017

Indirect speech is a remarkable trait of human communication. The present paper tackles the sociobiological underpinnings of communicative indirectness discussing both socio-interactional and cognitive rationales behind its manifestation in discourse. From a social perspective, the use of indirect forms in interactions can be regarded as an adaptive response to the epistemic implications of transacted new information in small primary groups, representing – in Givón’s terms – our “bio-cultural” descent. The design features of indirect strategies today may therefore be explained in terms of a form-function mapping in which indirect communicative expressions allowed a “safer” transaction of contents and a more cooperative attitude of speakers in both face-to-face and public contexts of communication. The unchallengeability effects notably induced by underencoded meanings have now received extensive experimental backing, unveiling intriguing underlying cognitive mechanisms such as the well-known cognitive illusions or fallacies.
Visualization of gas metal arc welding on globular to spray transition current
Authors: Methong T. , Shigeta M. , Tanaka M. , Ikeda R. , Matsushita M. , Poopat B.
Published: June 2017

The transfer modes in gas metal arc welding have important effects on welding quality. However, present study of metal transfer modes is not yet fully understood. In this study, welding arcs was visualised using the optical emission spectroscopy technique. The carbon steel wire electrode was used for welding with 80% Ar + 20% CO2 shielding gas. The results showed that the globular to spray transition current was 330–350 A. During globular to spray transition, argon,CO2 and Fe plasma tended to gradually change from localising near the arc axis to a two-layer structure having 11,000 K in high-temperature region away from the arc axis and around 7000 K in low-temperature region near the arc axis.
A nonparametric significance test for sampled networks
Authors: Elliott Andrew , Leicht Elizabeth , Whitmore Alan , Reinert Gesine , Reed-Tsochas Felix
Published: June 2017

Motivation

Our work is motivated by an interest in constructing a protein–protein interaction network that captures key features associated with Parkinson’s disease. While there is an abundance of subnetwork construction methods available, it is often far from obvious which subnetwork is the most suitable starting point for further investigation.

Results

We provide a method to assess whether a subnetwork constructed from a seed list (a list of nodes known to be important in the area of interest) differs significantly from a randomly generated subnetwork. The proposed method uses a Monte Carlo approach. As different seed lists can give rise to the same subnetwork, we control for redundancy by constructing a minimal seed list as the starting point for the significance test. The null model is based on random seed lists of the same length as a minimum seed list that generates the subnetwork; in this random seed list the nodes have (approximately) the same degree distribution as the nodes in the minimum seed list. We use this null model to select subnetworks which deviate significantly from random on an appropriate set of statistics and might capture useful information for a real world protein–protein interaction network.

Availability and implementation

The software used in this paper are available for download at https://sites.google.com/site/elliottande/. The software is written in Python and uses the NetworkX library.

Supplementary information

Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Assessment and Intervention with Children and Adolescents Who Misuse Fire
Authors: Kolko David J. , Vernberg Eric M.
Published: June 2017

Children and adolescents in the general population and in clinical populations reveal surprisingly high rates of playing with fire or actual firesetting behavior. A single fire has the potential to cause a cascade of serious consequences to the child, family, and the community, some of which may continue forever. Yet, there is limited practical information and advice based on available empirical evidence to help programs or practitioners work effectively with children or adolescents who misuse fire, and their families. This book provides practical guidelines designed to facilitate the clinical assessment and treatment of youthful firesetting behavior based on nearly four decades of research and intervention experience with this population. The topics covered in this book address several important content areas. Initial chapters provide an overview of the significance of the problem, and some lessons learned based on case control, clinical trial, and real-world implementation projects. Recommendations for using screening and assessment measures that evaluate firesetting and general psychosocial issues are included. Several intervention methods are outlined for use with children, caregivers, and families. These methods encompass fire safety education materials and several cognitive-behavioral treatment skills-training procedures that focus on understanding of the fire, affect regulation and self-control, parenting practices, and home-based management programs. The book also includes suggestions to promote professional and program development which reflect on various educational, ethical, legal, collaborative, and community safety considerations. The book’s content is intended to help a diverse array of practitioners understand and target the context in which the misuse of fire occurs.
A Comparison of Distortion Product Otoacoustic Emission Properties in Ménière’s Disease Patients and Normal-Hearing Participants
Authors: Drexl Markus , Krause Eike , Gürkov Robert
Published: June 2017

Objectives:

Postmortem examination of temporal bones of Ménière’s disease patients consistently show dilated endolymphatic spaces of the inner ear, for which the term endolymphatic hydrops has been coined. During the past decade, magnetic resonance imaging techniques for the inner ear appeared, advancing the diagnosis of Ménière’s disease. They require, however, a field-strength of at least 3 T, are costly and not universally available. Alternative, noninvasive, cost-effective tests with high sensitivity and specifity for endolymphatic hydrops are desirable. In this study, we test the suitability of distortion product otoacoustic emissions (DPOAEs) for endolymphatic hydrops detection. Previous measurements of the commonly recorded cubic DPOAEs mainly register cochlear hearing loss and are not specific for Ménière’s disease. Simultaneous recordings of cubic and quadratic DPOAEs might be more suitable to detect endolymphatic hydrops, because both DPOAE orders react differently to changes of the cochlear operating point as they might occur in Ménière’s disease patients.

Design:

Cubic and quadratic DPOAEs were recorded in normal-hearing participants (N = 45) and in the affected and unaffected ears of patients with a diagnosis of definite Ménière’s disease (N = 32). First, to assess the integrity of DPOAE-generating mechanisms, cubic DPOAE-grams were obtained with primary tone frequencies f
2 between 1 and 8 kHz with primary tone levels l
1 = 60 dB SPL and l
2 = 50 dB SPL, and a fixed primary tone frequency ratio of 1.22. Then, cubic and quadratic DPOAEs were simultaneously recorded with primary tone levels l
1 = l
2 = 65 dB SPL and at primary tone frequencies f
2 = 4 and 5 kHz, where f
1 was successively varied such that the ratio f
2
/f
1 ranged between 1.1 and 1.6 in 0.04 steps while quadratic and cubic DPOAE levels were extracted from the same recording.

Results:

Cubic DPOAEs were significantly reduced in the affected ears of Ménière’s disease patients, and slightly reduced in the unaffected ears of Ménière’s disease patients, relative to the ears of normal-hearing participants. In contrast, no significant changes could be seen in quadratic DPOAEs across the ears of normal-hearing participants and Ménière’s disease patients.

Conclusions:

We could identify a relatively good preservation of quadratic DPOAE levels in relation to a reduction of cubic DPOAE levels as a potential noninvasive diagnostic approach in the early stage of suspected Ménière’s disease. Future studies validating the differential diagnostic power of this parameter in control groups with nonhydropic forms of hearing loss are warranted.
Ophthalmic Timolol Hallucinations: A Case Series and Review of the Literature
Authors: Nanda Tavish , Rasool Nailyn , Callahan Alison B. , Stamper Robert L. , Odel Jeffrey G.
Published: June 2017

Purpose:

Systemic absorption and central nervous system (CNS) penetration of timolol drops are a well-studied phenomenon, resulting in common side effects such as bradycardia, bronchospasm, fatigue, and confusion. More serious CNS side effects, such as psychosis and depression, however, are rarely attributed to eye drops. We report a case series in which patients developed visual hallucinations secondary to topical ocular timolol use.

Methods:

This study is a case series and review of the literature.

Results:

Four patients with glaucoma developed visual hallucinations while using topical timolol. The patients were all elderly, caucasian females with associated CNS pathology. All patients had resolution of symptoms upon discontinuation and a positive retrial test to confirm the association.

Conclusions:

The rarity of this side effect and its anecdotal predilection for elderly, caucasian females with underlying neurological dysfunction, may involve a yet unknown predisposition or hypersensitivity to beta blocker action, such as blood brain barrier disruption leading to increased susceptibility to the medication. This case series highlights an important, although rare, side effect of this medication which clinicians should be aware of especially when using it in elderly patients who may have coexisting CNS pathology. It is important that this side effect be recognized and appropriately managed to prevent otherwise unnecessary investigations and treatment.
A Case of Bilateral Pigment Dispersion Syndrome Following Many Years of Uninterrupted Treatment With Atropine 1% for Bilateral Congenital Cataracts
Authors: Gizzi Corrado , Mohamed-Noriega Jibran , Murdoch Ian
Published: June 2017

Purpose:

Describe an unusual case of bilateral pigment dispersion syndrome (PDS) following years of uninterrupted treatment with atropine 1% for bilateral congenital cataracts, speculate on potential mechanisms leading to this condition.

Design:

This is a case report.

Case:

A 45-year-old white patient on long-term treatment with atropine 1% ointment since his infancy for bilateral congenital cataracts developed PDS with secondary ocular hypertension.

Results:

The patient showed all the hallmarks of PDS with secondary ocular hypertension. An anterior segment Swept-Source optical coherence tomography was obtained to review the iris profile. The patient showed good pressure response to topical prostaglandin therapy.

Conclusions:

This is the second case report of PDS in a patient with chronic use of topical atropine. The proposed mechanisms for pigment dispersion are discussed and the possibility raised of dispersion being a potential side effect of the drug.
DRESS Syndrome: Drug Reaction With Eosinophilia and Systemic Symptoms
Authors: Corneli Howard M.
Published: June 2017

DRESS syndrome is a cutaneous and systemic drug reaction with severe complications and a long course that can be fatal. Recognition may be difficult, and the condition is just rare enough that clinicians will eventually see it but may not be familiar with it. This review will focus on key elements to help clinicians with the challenges of recognition and differential diagnosis.
Neural classifiers with limited connectivity and recurrent readouts
Authors: Kushnir Lyudmila , Fusi Stefano
Published: June 2017

For many neural network models in which neurons are trained to classify inputs like perceptrons, the number of inputs that can be classified is limited by the connectivity of each neuron, even when the total number of neurons is very large. This poses the problem of how the biological brain can take advantage of its huge number of neurons given that the connectivity is sparse. One solution is to combine multiple perceptrons together, as in committee machines. The number of classifiable random patterns would then grow linearly with the number of perceptrons, even when each perceptron has limited connectivity. However, the problem is moved to the downstream readout neurons, which would need a number of connections that is as large as the number of perceptrons. Here we propose a different approach in which the readout is implemented by connecting multiple perceptrons in a recurrent attractor neural network. We prove analytically that the number of classifiable random patterns can grow unboundedly with the number of perceptrons, even when the connectivity of each perceptron remains finite. Most importantly, both the recurrent connectivity and the connectivity of downstream readouts also remain finite. Our study shows that feed-forward neural classifiers with numerous long range afferent connections can be replaced by recurrent networks with sparse long range connectivity without sacrificing the classification performance. Our strategy could be used to design more general scalable network architectures with limited connectivity, which resemble more closely the brain neural circuits which are dominated by recurrent connectivity.
Allosteric Mechanism of theV. vulnificusAdenine Riboswitch Resolved by Four-dimensional Chemical Mapping
Authors: Tian Siqi , Kladwang Wipapat , Das Rhiju
Published: June 2017

The structural interconversions that mediate the gene regulatory functions of RNA molecules may be different from classic models of allostery, but the relevant structural correlations have remained elusive in even intensively studied systems. Here, we present a four-dimensional expansion of chemical mapping called lock-mutate-map-rescue (LM2R), which integrates multiple layers of mutation with nucleotide-resolution chemical mapping. This technique resolves the core mechanism of the adenine-responsiveV. vulnificus addriboswitch, a paradigmatic system for which both Monod-Wyman-Changeux (MWC) conformational selection models and non-MWC alternatives have been proposed. To discriminate amongst these models, we locked each functionally important helix through designed mutations and assessed formation or depletion of other helices via compensatory rescue evaluated by chemical mapping. These LM2R measurements give strong support to the pre-existing correlations predicted by MWC models, disfavor alternative models, and suggest additional structural heterogeneities that may be general across ligand-free riboswitches.