bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Popcorn‐Derived Porous Carbon Based Electrochemical Sensor for Simultaneous Determination of Hydroquinone, Catechol and Nitrite
Authors: Lu Zhenyong , Wang Yue , Zhu Yaming , Hasebe Yasushi , Zhang Zhiqiang
Published: June 2022

In this study, popcorn‐derived microporous carbon (PPC) was prepared by pyrolysis method under KOH activation, which was used as an electrochemical sensor material for simultaneous detection of hydroquinone (HQ), catechol (CC), and nitrite (NT). The prepared PPC/GCE exhibited highly electrocatalytic activity to the oxidation of HQ, CC and nitrite. The oxidation peaks for HQ (111 mV), CC (216 mV), and NT (854 mV) were well separated under the optimized conditions. The PPC/GCE showed a wide linear range of 3.0–700 μM, 3.0–500 μM and 5.0–10000 μM for HQ, CC and NT with detection limits of 1.45 μM, 0.49 μM and 1.5 μM, respectively. The KOH‐activated PPC is a promising electrode material for fabricating selective and sensitive electrochemical sensors.
Efficient Degradation of Toluene over CeaMnβOX‐X Synthesized by One‐Step Strategy
Authors: Li Xuelian , Su Huaigang , Zhang Chuanwei , Niu Yongfang , Qi Yanxing
Published: June 2022

Mesoporous Ce−Mn based bimetallic catalysts were prepared by one‐step method using low‐cost precursors under mild conditions. The catalyst prepared at pH=10.5 and Mn/(Ce+Mn)=1/2 showed the optimal performance, and the complete catalytic oxidation of 3000 ppm toluene could be achieved at 215 °C (WHSV=60,000 mL/(g h)). CeMnOX‐10.5 exhibited the highest specific surface area (SBET=151 m2/g), and the normalized reaction rate was 2.013*10−8 mol ⋅ m−2 ⋅ s−1 with the minimum activation energy (Ea=106.6 kJ/mol). Various characterizations confirmed that the synergistic effect between Ce and Mn was the essential reason for promoting the comprehensive performance of catalysts. In addition, the possible structural defects in the catalyst and the schematic diagram of toluene degradation mechanism are clearly provided.
Microwave‐Assisted Palladium‐catalyzed double C−H Activation: One‐pot Synthesis of Benzo[a]imidazo[5,1,2‐cd]indolizines from 2‐Phenylimidazo[1,2‐a]pyridines and 1,2‐Diiodobenzene
Authors: Prajapati Ronak V. , Prajapati Vaibhav D. , Purohit Vishal B. , Avalani Jemin R. , Kamani Ronak D. , Sapariya Nirav H. , Karad Sharad C. , Raval Dipak K.
Published: June 2022

A facile synthetic strategy has been established for the microwave‐assisted construction of two C−C bond via regioselective double arylation of imidazo[1,2‐a]pyridines with 1,2‐diiodobenzene by employing Pd(OAc)2 as a catalyst. The current protocol exhibited a simple, efficient and ligands free synthesis of 1‐phenylbenzo[a]imidazo[5,1,2‐cd]indolizine derivatives in good to excellent yields. This Pd‐catalyzed dual arylation provided a valuable tool for the discovery of fluorescent materials.
A 3D‐Printed, Freestanding Carbon Lattice for Sodium Ion Batteries
Authors: Katsuyama Yuto , Kudo Akira , Kobayashi Hiroaki , Han Jiuhui , Chen Mingwei , Honma Itaru , Kaner Richard B.
Published: June 2022

Increasing mass loadings of battery electrodes critically enhances the energy density of an overall battery by eliminating much of the inactive components, while compacting the battery size and lowering the costs of the ingredients. A hard carbon microlattice, digitally designed and fabricated by stereolithography 3D‐printing and pyrolysis, offers enormous potential for high‐mass‐loading electrodes. In this work, sodium‐ion batteries using hard carbon microlattices produced by an inexpensive 3D printer are demonstrated. Controlled periodic carbon microlattices are created with enhanced ion transport through microchannels. Carbon microlattices with a beam width of 32.8 µm reach a record‐high areal capacity of 21.3 mAh cm−2 at a loading of 98 mg cm−2 without degrading performance, which is much higher than the conventional monolithic electrodes (≈5.2 mAh cm−2 at 92 mg cm−2). Furthermore, binder‐free, pure‐carbon elements of microlattices enable the tracking of structural changes in hard carbon that support the hypothesized intercalation of ions at plateau regions by temporal ex situ X‐ray diffraction measurements. These results will advance the development of high‐performance and low‐cost anodes for sodium‐ion batteries as well as help with understanding the mechanisms of ion intercalations in hard carbon, expanding the utilities of 3D‐printed carbon architectures in both applications and fundamental studies.
Combinatorial Analysis Methodologies for Accelerated Research: The Case of Chalcogenide Thin‐Film Photovoltaic Technologies
Authors: Fonoll-Rubio Robert , Becerril-Romero Ignacio , Vidal-Fuentes Pedro , Grau-Luque Enric , Atlan Fabien , Perez-Rodriguez Alejandro , Izquierdo-Roca Victor , Guc Maxim
Published: June 2022

One of the fastest ways for the discovery, understanding, development, and further optimization of new complex materials is the application of combinatorial analysis methodologies, which have already shown impressive results for different organic and inorganic materials, leading to the fast development of different scientific fields and industrial applications. However, in the case of thin‐film materials for optoelectronic devices and, in particular, for second‐generation photovoltaic (PV) devices, the application of combinatorial analysis is still quite uncommon with a desultory rather than systematic application. The present review discusses the main constraints for the application of combinatorial analysis to thin‐film materials with a focus on chalcogenide compounds and different strategies to overcome them. Special attention is paid to the requirements for the preparation of graded thin films, characterization, and analysis of the results, providing different hints for the implementation of high‐quality combinatorial analysis. Finally, an overview of the currently published results in the field of chalcogenide thin‐film PV technologies is presented, showing the relevance of the combinatorial approach for boosting the development not only of this promising PV technology, but also of other optoelectronic devices based on complex materials and multilayered structures.
High‐Voltage Energy Harvesting and Storage System for Internet of Things Indoor Application
Authors: Speranza Roberto , Zaccagnini Pietro , Sacco Adriano , Lamberti Andrea
Published: June 2022

On the path toward independence from fossil fuels, solar energy is the most promising solution, but it needs a robust and reliable storage system to face its intrinsic fluctuations due to location, day cycle, and weather. The integration between energy harvesting and storage (H&S) technologies is a must toward clean energy production, and it becomes even more appealing considering the possibility of producing electricity not only from direct sunlight but also from diffuse light and indoor illumination. Herein, a dye‐sensitized solar module (DSSM) developed to harvest indoor illumination and directly store it into an electrical double‐layer capacitor (EDLC) is presented. Five series‐connected dye‐sensitized solar cells are fabricated on the same substrate and the module is integrated with a high‐voltage EDLC. The integrated device is characterized under indoor light sources such as light emitting diodes and fluorescent lamps. The results show one of the highest efficiencies ever reported for a high‐voltage DSSM under indoor illumination (16.27%), the largest voltage window ever reported for an indoor H&S device based on DSSM and EDLC—up to 3 V—and an overall photoelectric conversion and storage efficiency of 9.73% under indoor illumination.
Cost‐Effective Dyes Based on Low‐Cost Donors and Pd‐Free Synthesis for Dye‐Sensitized Solar Cells
Authors: Jarusarunchai Artit , Valluvar Oli Arivazhagan , Ivaturi Aruna , Robertson Neil
Published: June 2022

The structural design of photosensitizers for dye‐sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) usually involves modification of the donor and π‐spacer moieties using expensive Pd crosscoupling reactions. Herein, the concept of more sustainable and cost‐effective dyes to realize large‐scale production is presented. Two dyes, coded BzC and PTZC, with low‐cost donors, phenyl and phenothiazine, respectively, and 4H‐cyclopenta[2,1‐b:3,4‐b’]dithiophene π‐spacer, are synthesized by Pd‐free reactions, including Horner–Wadsworth–Emmons, with high overall yield (68% for BzC and 55% for PTZC). The best photovoltaic performances exhibit 3.00% and 5.92% together with relatively low ideality factor of 1.03 and 1.12 for BzC and PTZC, respectively, indicating efficient retardation of electron recombination from surface trap states. Finally, the synthesis costs for BzC and PTZC are estimated to be about 7.5–9 times lower than that of LEG‐4 (as a commercial reference dye). The cost performances of BzC and PTZC are estimated to be around 5 times better than that of LEG‐4.
Nb–O–C Charge Transfer Bridge in 2D/2D Nb2O5/g‐C3N4 S‐Scheme Heterojunction for Boosting Solar‐Driven CO2 Reduction: In Situ Illuminated X‐Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy Investigation and Mechanism Insight
Authors: Wang Kai , Peng Lingjie , Shao Xiuli , Cheng Qiang , Wang Juan , Li Ke , Wang Hukun
Published: June 2022

Although the construction of heterojunction photocatalysts is a promising way to achieve outstanding photocatalytic activities, a 2D heterojunction which possesses strong chemical bonding and appropriate interfacial contact toward efficient artificial photosynthesis is still a challenge. Herein, 2D/2D Nb2O5/g‐C3N4 S‐scheme heterojunction photocatalysts are successfully fabricated by a convenient in situ calcination route derived from niobic acid/urea precursor for the gas–solid CO2 reduction reaction. Under simulated solar irradiation, the total yield of C1 products (CH4 and CO) obtained on the optimized sample NOCN‐5 are 6.7 times and 5.3 times that over pristine Nb2O5 and g–C3N4 nanosheets, respectively, without sacrificial agent or cocatalysts. The enhanced performances of CO2 photoreduction might be attributed to the unique Nb─O─C chemical bonds induced charge transfer bridge, face‐to‐face contact, and the efficient S‐scheme transfer path of photoinduced electron–hole pairs, which is confirmed by in situ illuminated X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy and density functional theory calculation. This work will provide a promising strategy for constructing S‐scheme heterojunction systems for efficient artificial photosynthesis reactions toward carbon neutrality.
Ternary Halogen Doping for Efficient and Stable Air‐Processed All‐Inorganic Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Gao Weiyin , Chao Lingfeng , Li Mingjie , Xia Yingdong , Ran Chenxin , Chen Yonghua
Published: June 2022

All‐inorganic CsPbI3 perovskites have shown great promise in photovoltaic devices owing to their high theoretical power conversion efficiency (PCE) and excellent thermal stability compared to their organic–inorganic counterparts. However, due to the poor phase stability of CsPbI3 perovskite under ambient conditions, it is still challenging to fabricate the efficient and stable all‐inorganic CsPbI3‐based perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Herein, a ternary halogen doping strategy is demonstrated to improve the quality and stability of air‐processed all‐inorganic CsPbI3 perovskite films, where CsBr and PbCl2 are introduced as halide sources. Br and Cl are found to insert into the crystal lattice of the CsPbI3 perovskite to improve its phase stability while regulating the crystallization process to improve its film morphology with reduced surface roughness and suppressed defect density. After optimizing the doping content of Br and Cl, the air‐fabricated PSC device based on ternary halogen doping yields a champion PCE of 17.51% with improved working stability, which retains over 80% of the initial PCE after continuous illumination for 2400 h. This work highlights the key role of halide‐doping in improving film quality and phase stability of air‐fabricated all‐inorganic perovskite, which is expected to promote the development of low‐cost and large‐scale production of all‐inorganic PSCs.
Legal aspects, public interest, and legitimate interest in processing personal data to operate autonomous buses in the regular transportation system
Authors: Bu‐Pasha Shakila
Published: June 2022

Autonomous or robot vehicles are manufactured with such advanced technologies that they are technically able to operate without human intervention. The number of sensors deployed in automated vehicles is increasing, which runs a high risk of the excessive collection and processing of personal data. Considering European Union and Finnish perspectives on robot buses as an instance of advancements of autonomous vehicles, this article briefly outlines the general legal issues related to developing robot buses, and focuses on public interest and legitimate interest as lawful bases for processing personal data in running such vehicles in the mass transportation system.
A chlorin e6 derivative‐mediated photodynamic therapy for patients with cervical and vaginal low‐grade squamous intraepithelial lesions: a retrospective analysis
Authors: Yao Hongxia , Yan Jia , Zhou Zhongxia , Shen Shuzhan , Wu Yun , Liu Pei , Zhang Haiyan , Wang Xiuli
Published: June 2022

Cervical and vaginal low‐grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (LSIL) are associated with persistent human papillomavirus infections, and require an efficacious non‐invasive treatment such as photodynamic therapy due to anatomical characteristics. In this study, we evaluated the clinical efficacy and safety of a chlorin e6 derivative named STBF‐mediated photodynamic therapy (STBF‐PDT) for patients with cervical and vaginal LSIL. A total of 18 patients received STBF‐PDT for 3 to 6 times and followed up for 6 to 12 months; among them, 6 had cervical and vaginal LSIL and 1 had vaginal stump LSIL after hysterectomy for cervical cancer. Results showed the complete remission (CR) rates were 72.22% (13/18), and the HPV remission rates and HPV clearance rates were 88.89% (16/18) and 83.33% (15/18), respectively at 1‐month follow‐up. The CR reached 88.89% and HPV remission rates got 94.44% at the 6‐month follow‐up. There were no recurrence cases so far, and no pain, heaving sensation, scar, deformity, and any other obvious adverse reactions occurred during treatment and follow‐up. In conclusion, STBF‐PDT is an effective, safe, and well‐tolerated method for the treatment of cervical and vaginal LSIL. It may have promising potential for applications in the future.
Irritable bowel syndrome with food‐related symptoms: Future directions in the clinical management
Authors: Melchior Chloé , Algera Joost , Colomier Esther , Törnblom Hans , Simrén Magnus
Published: June 2022

The majority of patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) experiences food‐related symptoms, which are associated with high symptom burden, reduced quality of life, increased healthcare consumption and reduced intake of certain nutrients. In this review we aimed to describe a clinically useful approach for physicians, by presenting the latest progress in knowledge and its translation to management in IBS patients with food‐related symptoms, as well as the underlying mechanisms involved. The research tools currently available that can be used in the future for a better characterization of this subgroup of patients are also discussed. Working towards this approach could lead to a more individualised work‐up and management of IBS patients with food‐related symptoms.
Hydrops amnion in a Belgian blue cow combined with prolonged gestation and anencephaly of the calf
Authors: Kemel Celien , Brack Marjolein , Schroyen Karel , Beci Barbara , Opsomer Geert
Published: June 2022

In cattle, hydrops amnion is a rare pathological condition. In the present study, we report such a case in a Belgian blue cow suffering from prolonged gestation. A presumptive diagnosis was based on clinical examination, including transrectal ultrasonography. Management included inducing parturition with dinoprost and dexamethasone, where 36 hours later, a left flank recumbent caesarean section was performed. A live, oversized, male calf (76 kg) with a frontal cephalocele/meningocele was delivered. Postmortem examination revealed anencephaly, characterised by the absence of the cerebrum. Intravenous fluid therapy was administered during surgery to prevent hypovolemic shock, and postoperative treatment consisted of intramuscular injections of 100 IU of oxytocin and antibiotics (procaine benzylpenicillin) for 3 consecutive days. After 5 days, the patient was discharged from the clinic.
Social Networks and the Health of Single Parents
Authors: Keim-Klärner Sylvia
Published: June 2022

Over the past decades single parent households have become established in most OECD countries. Single parenting comes with specific risks: single parents bear a higher poverty risk and have worse mental and physical health than married parents. While the relevance of social relations and support for well-being and health has been widely documented, networkanalytical studies are rare in this field. However, they promise new insights into how social network structures, different types of relations and different kinds of interactions impact single parents’ health.
Social Relations, Social Capital, and Social Networks: A Conceptual Classification
Authors: Vonneilich Nico
Published: June 2022

Social relations lie at the core of sociology; they are basically its framework. Without social relations, no social interactions develop. The study of social relations looks back on a long tradition of research, and this tradition is continuing in constantly differentiating and specializing subsystems. The aim of this chapter is to give a brief overview of research traditions on social relations. In particular, it aims to clarify and, where possible, differentiate between concepts that have been developed in the course of research on social relations in sociology and other related disciplines (such as social psychology). Why is a classification necessary? When dealing with research on social relations, it can be observed that different terms are used synonymously and that originally intended demarcations between them blur over time. This chapter addresses the following questions: What terms are used in sociological research on social relations? How are they defined? And how can an overarching concept of social networks emerge from these different terms?
Network Analysis and Health Inequalities: A Methodological Introduction
Authors: Gamper Markus
Published: June 2022

“Networks” seem to be omnipresent in modern societies (e.g., networking, online social networks such as Facebook and Twitter, or even criminal and terrorist networks), but the term and its meaning in everyday life often remain amorphous. In order to be able to work with the concept in a scientifically adequate way, this chapter introduces the term “social network,” different forms of network analysis, and survey and data evaluation strategies. What follows is a short overview of different methods and important literature references are given, which can be referred to in more detail, if necessary.
Software Prototype for the Ensemble of Automated Accessibility Evaluation Tools
Authors: Johnson Peter , Lilley Mariana
Published: June 2022

Web accessibility evaluation is concerned with assessing the extent to which web content meets accessibility guidelines. Web accessibility evaluation is typically conducted using manual inspection, user testing and automated testing. The process of automating aspects of accessibility evaluation is of interest to accessibility evaluation practitioners due to manual evaluations requiring substantial time and effort [1]. The use of multiple evaluation tools is recommended [9, 9]; however, aggregating and summarising the results from multiple tools can be challenging [1].

This paper presents a Python software prototype for the automatic ensemble of web accessibility evaluation tools. The software prototype performs website accessibility evaluations against the WCAG 2.1 AA guidelines by utilising a combination of four free and commercial evaluation tools. The results from the tools are aggregated and presented in a report for evaluation.

The tool enables practitioners to benefit from a coherent report of the findings of different accessibility conformance testing tools, without having to run each separately and then manually combine the results of the tests. Thus, it is envisaged that the tool will provide practitioners with reliable data about unmet accessibility guidelines in an efficient manner.
Self-healing Approach for IoT Architecture: AMI Platform
Authors: Abdulrazak Bessam , Codjo Josué Ayi , Paul Suvrojoti
Published: June 2022

The fast growth of the IoT and the unlimited possibilities in terms of applications and processing brought forth by the 5G which is around the corner is making IoT an active part of the activity of daily living. Those massive architectures become then the target of security issues, broken services, broken hardware or malfunctioning of applications. Moreover, in a system of million connected devices, operating each one of them is impossible making the platform unmaintainable. In this study, we present our attempt to achieve the autonomy of IoT infrastructure and we present some of the existing and recurrent issues undermining the IoT architecture. Then we review existing self-healing techniques that enable a system to be autonomous and solve issues. We also described our IoT platform that targets the self-healing concern. Finally, we point out some recommendations to make an overall reliable, resilient IoT system with cognitive entities for self-management.
Adopting the Internet of Things Technology to Remotely Monitor COVID-19 Patients
Authors: Saidi Abdessamad , Hadj Kacem Mohamed , Tounsi Imen , Hadj Kacem Ahmed
Published: June 2022

The coronavirus known as COVID-19 is the topic of the hour all over the world. This virus has invaded the world with its invariants, which are characterized by their rapid spread. COVID-19 has impacted the health of people and the economy of countries. For that, laboratories, researchers, and doctors are in a race against time to find a cure for this pandemic. To combat this virus, cutting-edge technologies such as artificial intelligence, cloud computing, and big data have been put in place. In our work, we use Internet of Things (IoT) technology. The use of IoT in an efficient way can lead to detecting infected people and avoiding being contaminated. In this paper, we are interested in the remote medical monitoring of patients who have tested positive for COVID-19. We propose a meta-modeling technique to model the IoT architecture. Then we implement two IoT solutions that permit the remote medical monitoring of patients infected with COVID-19 and the respect of social distancing by instantiating correct models that conform to the proposed meta-model in order to mitigate the COVID-19 outbreak.
IoT Architecture with Plug and Play for Fast Deployment and System Reliability: AMI Platform
Authors: Abdulrazak Bessam , Paul Suvrojoti , Maraoui Souhail , Rezaei Amin , Xiao Tianqi
Published: June 2022

The rapid advancement of the Internet of Things (IoT) has reshaped the industrial system, agricultural system, healthcare systems, and even our daily livelihoods, as the number of IoT applications is surging in these fields. Still, numerous challenges are imposed when putting in place such technology at large scale. In a system of millions of connected devices, operating each one of them manually is impossible, making IoT platforms unmaintainable. In this study, we present our attempt to achieve the autonomy of IoT infrastructure by building a platform that targets a dynamic and quick Plug and Play (PnP) deployment of the system at any given location, using predefined pipelines. The platform also supports real-time data processing, which enables the users to have reliable and real-time data visualization in a dynamic dashboard.
Data-Driven Smart Medical Rehabilitation Exercise and Sports Program Using a Living Lab Platform to Promote Community Participation of Individuals with a Disability: A Research and Development Pilot Program
Authors: Lee Seungbok , Oh Yim-Taek , Kim Hogene , Kim Jongbae
Published: June 2022

Patients discharged from hospitals following the onset of an acute illness or injury rendered with disabling conditions require systematic medical-based and rehabilitation-focused sports and exercise programs accessible in their communities. This proposal aims to build a data-driven smart health system that allows people with disabilities to continuously improve their health by alleviating modifiable factors, including architectural barriers and related challenges following discharge from an inpatient hospital or rehabilitation course. Our goal is to promote a multi-ministerial data-driven innovative medical exercise system using a digital living lab platform as a testbed program to provide lifestyle exercise and physical education for community-dwelling individuals with disabilities. The pilot program of services will be rendered at the living lab center of the National Rehabilitation Center, equipped with data servers for storing accumulated pertinent information and continuous data acquisition. We envision an encrypted data collection and acquisition system, whereby newly acquired data will be merged with data information from original records of individuals generated during the inpatient hospital course.
Medievalismus ohne Mittelalter? Die Anachronie der Bilder in Game of Thrones
Authors: Madersbacher Lukas
Published: June 2022

Das mittelalterlich anmutende Design von Game of Thrones, seine Ansprüche und Wirkungsweisen wurden schon von unterschiedlichsten wissenschaftlichen Perspektiven aus in den Blick genommen. Einem Aspekt galt bislang aber kaum Aufmerksamkeit; der Frage nach der Rolle historischer Kunst in der Serie. Man würde eine Fokussierung auf mittelalterliche Settings und Artefakte erwarten. Doch bedient sich Game of Thrones des Motiv- und Stilrepertoires des gesamten Spektrums der Kunstgeschichte. Was auf den ersten Blick als beliebiger Eklektizismus erscheint, der historische Logik zugunsten visueller Effekte bricht, erweist sich bei eingehenderer Analyse durchaus als Strategie. Am einzelnen Beispiel lässt sich hinter den Sprüngen durch die Epochen das Kalkül erkennen, die Imagination historischer Ferne an die Lebenswelt der Gegenwart zu knüpfen und auf diese Weise rezeptiv aufzuschließen. Einerseits werden Zitate der Moderne in die historisierten Settings implantiert, umgekehrt populäre Motive mittelalterlicher Kunst, wie der Teppich von Bayeux, benutzt, um historische Plausibiliät und Identifikation zu generieren. Die jüngere Bildwissenschaft hat gezeigt, dass die Verschichtung unterschiedlicher Zeitebenen eine alte Technik des neuzeitlichen Bildes ist. Über die Anachronie von Bildern kann zeitliche Distanz ebenso erlebbar gemacht, wie das Vergangene mit der Gegenwart in Bezug gesetzt und damit andere Möglichkeiten rezeptiver Wirkung erzeugt werden, als es über rekonstruktive Bilder von Vergangenheit möglich wäre.
„If you think this has a happy ending, you haven’t been paying attention”. – Der Widerspruch von Serialität und Finalität bei Game of Thrones
Authors: Unterhuber Tobias
Published: June 2022

Das Serienfinale von Game of Thrones wurde von Kritikerinnen und Kritikern und Fans gleichermaßen überwiegend negativ aufgenommen. Hierfür wurden vor allem handwerkliche Fehler der Showrunner verantwortlich gemacht sowie die fehlende Vorlage von George R. R. Martin. Diese Erklärung scheint aber zu kurz gegriffen. Vielmehr zeigt das Serienfinale grundlegende Probleme im Verhältnis von Serialität und Finalität auf, die gerade durch die Erwartung von Komplexitätssteigerung im Quality-TV noch multipliziert werden. Neben diesen strukturellen Gründen scheint es aber vor allem das Vorführen des eigenen Publikums zu sein, das entgegen der Konventionen der Serie dazu gebracht wurde, auf ein Happy End zu hoffen, nur um umso mehr enttäuscht zu werden. Dies wird ausführlich am Beispiel der Figur Daenerys Targaryen analysiert, die von der Serie zunächst als Heilsbringerin inszeniert wird, nur um ein umso tragischeres Ende zu finden. Dass dabei diese positive Inszenierung immer schon fragwürdig war, wurde vom Publikum lange Zeit ignoriert. Abschließend stellt der Beitrag die Frage, ob das Verschwinden von Game of Thrones aus dem öffentlichen Diskurs nicht auch in dem nicht-reproduzierbaren Ereignischarakter der Serie selbst begründet liegt.
Weyl covariance and the energy momentum tensors of higher-derivative free conformal field theories
Authors: Stergiou Andreas , Vacca Gian Paolo , Zanusso Omar
Published: June 2022

Abstract

Energy momentum tensors of higher-derivative free scalar conformal field theories in flat spacetime are discussed. Two algorithms for the computation of energy momentum tensors are described, which accomplish different goals: the first is brute-force and highlights the complexity of the energy momentum tensors, while the second displays some features of their geometric origin as variations of Weyl invariant curved-space actions. New compact expressions for energy momentum tensors are given and specific obstructions to defining them as conformal primary operators in some spacetime dimensions are highlighted. Our discussion is also extended to higher-derivative free spinor theories, which are based on higher-derivative generalizations of the Dirac action and provide interesting examples of conformal field theories in dimension higher than two.
Two-loop mixed QCD-EW corrections to $$ q\overline{q} $$ → Hg, qg → Hq, and $$ \overline{q}g $$ → $$ H\overline{q} $$
Authors: Bonetti Marco , Panzer Erik , Tancredi Lorenzo
Published: June 2022

Abstract

We compute the two-loop mixed QCD-Electroweak corrections to $$ q\overline{q} $$
q

q
¯

→ Hg and its crossed channels qg → Hq, $$ \overline{q}g $$

q
¯

g
→$$ H\overline{q} $$
H

q
¯

, limiting ourselves to the contribution of light virtual quarks. We compute the independent helicity amplitudes as well as the form factors for this process, expressing them in terms of hyperlogarithms with algebraic arguments. The Feynman integrals are computed by direct integration over Feynman parameters and the results are expressed in terms of a basis of rational prefactors.
Non-Gaussianities in the statistical distribution of heavy OPE coefficients and wormholes
Authors: Belin Alexandre , de Boer Jan , Liska Diego
Published: June 2022

Abstract

The Eigenstate Thermalization Hypothesis makes a prediction for the statistical distribution of matrix elements of simple operators in energy eigenstates of chaotic quantum systems. As a leading approximation, off-diagonal matrix elements are described by Gaussian random variables but higher-point correlation functions enforce non-Gaussian corrections which are further exponentially suppressed in the entropy. In this paper, we investigate non- Gaussian corrections to the statistical distribution of heavy-heavy-heavy OPE coefficients in chaotic two-dimensional conformal field theories. Using the Virasoro crossing kernels, we provide asymptotic formulas involving arbitrary numbers of OPE coefficients from modular invariance on genus-g surfaces. We find that the non-Gaussianities are further exponentially suppressed in the entropy, much like the ETH. We discuss the implication of these results for products of CFT partition functions in gravity and Euclidean wormholes. Our results suggest that there are new connected wormhole geometries that dominate over the genus-two wormhole.
A new form of QCD coherence for multiple soft emissions using Glauber-SCET
Authors: Pathak Aditya
Published: June 2022

Abstract

Amplitude-level factorization for a soft gluon emission has long been understood in terms of a product of loop-expanded soft-gluon currents and hard scattering matrix elements, both of which are infrared (IR) divergent. Thus, the amplitude for multiple soft gluon emissions, ordered in their relative softness, can be written as a product of IR divergent soft gluon currents and the matrix elements. In a more recent work, Angeles-Martinez, Forshaw and Seymour [1] (AMFS) showed that the result for this amplitude can in fact be re-expressed in an ordered evolution approach, involving IR finite one-loop insertions where the virtual loop momentum is constrained in a highly non-trivial way by the kT of the adjacent real emissions. The result thus exhibits a novel amplitude level QCD coherence where the IR divergences originating only from the very last, softest, gluon emission remain, and the rest cancel. The proof of the AMFS result at one-loop in QCD, however, involves many diagrams, and only after carefully grouping and summing over all the diagrams does the correct ordering variable emerge, making the higher order extension a challenging task. Moreover, the compact, Markovian nature of the final AMFS result is suggestive of a deeper underlying physics that is obscured in the derivation using traditional diagrammatic QCD. By considering a (recursive) sequence of effective field theories (EFTs) with Glauber-SCET operators, we present an elegant derivation of this result involving only a handful of diagrams. The SCET derivation offers clean physical insights, and makes a higher order extension of the AMFS result tractable. We also show that the grouping of QCD graphs necessary to derive the AMFS result in full theory is already implicit in the Feynman rules of Glauber-SCET operators such that the same result can alternatively be derived with significantly less effort in a single EFT with multiple ordered soft gluon emissions.
Membrane inlet mass spectrometry method for food intake impact assessment on specific volatile organic compounds in exhaled breath
Authors: Jakšić Milena , Mihajlović Andrea , Vujić Djordje , Giannoukos Stamatios , Brkić Boris
Published: June 2022

This research work describes the development of a novel bioanalytical method for the assessment of food impact on selected exhaled breath volatile organic compounds (VOCs) using a fast and portable screening VOC prototype sensor based on membrane inlet mass spectrometry (MIMS). Method and sensor prototype functionality was verified by obtaining good response times, linearity in the examined concentration ranges, and sensitivity and repeatability for several breath VOCs—acetone, ethanol, n-pentane, and isoprene. A new VOC sensor prototype was also proven to be sensitive enough for selected breath VOC quantification with limits of detection at low part per billion (ppb) levels—5 ppb for n-pentane, 10 ppb for acetone and ethanol, and 25 ppb for isoprene. Food impact assessment was accomplished by tracking the levels of acetone, ethanol, n-pentane, and isoprene in exhaled breath samples collected from 50 healthy participants before the meal and 60 min and 120 min after the meal. For acetone, isoprene, and n-pentane, a larger impact was noticed 120 min after the meal, while for ethanol, it was after 60 min. Obtained VOC levels were in the expected concentration ranges. Mean values at all time points were ~ 500–900 ppb for acetone and ~ 400–600 ppb for ethanol. Most of the results for n-pentane were below 5 ppb, but the mean value for those which were detected was ~ 30 ppb. Along with samples, data about participants’ lifestyle were collected via a short questionnaire, which were compared against obtained VOC levels in order to reveal some significant correlations between habits of participants and their breath VOC levels.

Graphical abstract

Portable MS: monitoring of food impact on the levels of selected VOCs from exhaled breath
The role of air–sea coupling on November–April intraseasonal rainfall variability over the South Pacific
Authors: Pariyar Sunil Kumar , Keenlyside Noel , Tseng Wan-Ling , Hsu Huang-Hsiung , Tsuang Ben-Jei
Published: June 2022

We investigate the impact of resolving air-sea interaction on the simulation of the intraseasonal rainfall variability over the South Pacific using the ECHAM5 atmospheric general circulation model coupled with the Snow-Ice-Thermocline (SIT) ocean model. We compare the fully coupled simulation with two uncoupled ECHAM5 simulations, one forced with sea surface temperature (SST) climatology and one forced with daily SST from the coupled model. The intraseasonal rainfall variability over the South Pacific is reduced by 17% in the uncoupled model forced with SST climatology and increased by 8% in the uncoupled simulation forced with daily SST, suggesting the role of air–sea coupling and SST variability. The coupled model best simulates the key characteristics of the two dominant patterns (modes) of intraseasonal rainfall variability over the South Pacific with reasonable propagation and correct periodicity. The spatial structure of the two rainfall modes in all three simulations is very similar, suggesting the dynamics of the atmosphere primarily generate these modes. The southeastward propagation of rainfall anomalies associated with two leading rainfall modes in the South Pacific depends upon the eastward propagating Madden–Julian Oscillation (MJO) signals from the Indian Ocean and western Pacific. Air-sea interaction improves such propagation as both eastward and southeastward propagations are substantially reduced in the uncoupled model forced with SST climatology. The simulation of both eastward and southeastward propagations considerably improved in the uncoupled model forced with daily SST; however, the periodicity differs from the coupled model. Such discrepancy in the periodicity is attributed to the changes in the SST-rainfall relationship with weaker correlations and the nearly in-phase relationship, attributed to enhanced positive latent heat flux feedbacks.
The neural signatures of psychoses in Alzheimer’s disease: a neuroimaging genetics approach
Authors: Manca Riccardo , Pardiñas Antonio F. , Venneri Annalena ,   for the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative
Published: June 2022

Psychoses in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) are associated with worse prognosis. Genetic vulnerability for schizophrenia (SCZ) may drive AD-related psychoses, yet its impact on brain constituents is still unknown. This study aimed to investigate the association between polygenic risk scores (PRSs) for SCZ and psychotic experiences (PE) and grey matter (GM) volume in patients with AD with (AD-PS) and without (AD-NP) psychosis. Clinical, genetic and T1-weighted MRI data for 800 participants were extracted from the ADNI database: 203 healthy controls, 121 AD-PS and 476 AD-NP. PRSs were calculated using a Bayesian approach and analysed at ten p-value thresholds. Standard voxel-based morphometry was used to process MRI data. Logistic regression models including both PRSs for SCZ and PE, and an AD-PRS were used to predict psychosis in AD. Associations between PRSs and GM volume were investigated in the whole sample and the three groups independently. Only the AD-PRS predicted psychosis in AD. Inconsistent associations between the SCZ-PRS and PE-PRS and GM volumes were found across groups. The SCZ-PRS was negatively associated with medio-temporal/subcortical volumes and positively with medial/orbitofrontal volumes in the AD-PS group. Only medio-temporal areas were more atrophic in the AD-PS group, while there was no significant correlation between psychosis severity and GM volume. Although not associated with psychoses, the SCZ-PRS was correlated with smaller medio-temporal and larger orbitofrontal volumes in AD-PS. Similar alterations have also been observed in SCZ patients. This finding suggest a possible disconnection between these regions associated with psychoses in more advanced AD.
The peperino rocks: historical and volcanological overview
Authors: Marra F. , Palladino D. M. , Licht O. A. Boni
Published: June 2022

The name peperino derives from the Italian word pepe (from the Latin word piper, pepper) and has been used in the common language for lithified volcanic deposits characterized by light grey through dark grey tones and granular textures, resembling that of ground pepper. Among these, the best-known examples are represented by some phreatomagmatic deposits of the Colli Albani Volcanic District, near Rome (Italy), and ignimbrite deposits of the Cimini Mountains near Viterbo (Northern Latium, Italy), which have been widely employed in artefacts of historical and archaeological interest. In particular, these resistant volcanic rocks have been widely employed by the Etruscans and Romans since the seventh century BCE to produce sarcophagi and dimension stones, as well as architectural and ornamental elements. These rocks are still in use for building ornaments, street furniture and artworks in central Italy today. In this review, we provide an overview of the use of this term, and an exhaustive review of the different rocks of central Italy defined as peperino, describing their distinctive textural features, as well as their eruptive sources and outcrop areas. Indeed, despite the common macroscopic aspect, peperino rocks can be associated with several different eruptive styles and emplacement mechanisms. Our review is also addressed to archaeologists concerned with restoration initiatives and provenance studies, as well as to volcanologists studying the genetic processes of pyroclastic rocks and related naming conventions.
Evaluation of a pneumonia multiplex PCR panel for detection of bacterial respiratory tract pathogens from serial specimens collected from hospitalized COVID-19 patients
Authors: Tellapragada Chaitanya , Ydsten Karin Andersson , Ternhag Anders , Giske Christian G.
Published: June 2022

We investigated the concordance between the Unyvero Hospitalized Pneumonia (HPN) application and quantitative culture for detection of bacterial pathogens from serial lower respiratory tract (LRT) specimens collected from the same subject. Comparison of results from HPN application and culture was evaluated using 69 LRT samples from 27 subjects, using two evaluation approaches. False positive detections by the HPN application was 29% (20/69) in Evaluation I vs 10% (7/68) in Evaluation II. Additional pathogens detected by the HPN application could be confirmed in many instances by culture positivity for the same organism from previous or subsequent samples from the same subject.
Algorithm substitution attacks against receivers
Authors: Armour Marcel , Poettering Bertram
Published: June 2022

This work describes a class of Algorithm Substitution Attack (ASA) generically targeting the receiver of a communication between two parties. Our work provides a unified framework that applies to any scheme where a secret key is held by the receiver; in particular, message authentication schemes (MACs), authenticated encryption (AEAD) and public key encryption (PKE). Our unified framework brings together prior work targeting MAC schemes (FSE’19) and AEAD schemes (IMACC’19); we extend prior work by showing that public key encryption may also be targeted. ASAs were initially introduced by Bellare, Paterson and Rogaway in light of revelations concerning mass surveillance, as a novel attack class against the confidentiality of encryption schemes. Such an attack replaces one or more of the regular scheme algorithms with a subverted version that aims to reveal information to an adversary (engaged in mass surveillance), while remaining undetected by users. Previous work looking at ASAs against encryption schemes can be divided into two groups. ASAs against PKE schemes target key generation by creating subverted public keys that allow an adversary to recover the secret key. ASAs against symmetric encryption target the encryption algorithm and leak information through a subliminal channel in the ciphertexts. We present a new class of attack that targets the decryption algorithm of an encryption scheme for symmetric encryption and public key encryption, or the verification algorithm for an authentication scheme. We present a generic framework for subverting a cryptographic scheme between a sender and receiver, and show how a decryption oracle allows a subverter to create a subliminal channel which can be used to leak secret keys. We then show that the generic framework can be applied to authenticated encryption with associated data, message authentication schemes, public key encryption and KEM/DEM constructions. We consider practical considerations and specific conditions that apply for particular schemes, strengthening the generic approach. Furthermore, we show how the hybrid subversion of key generation and decryption algorithms can be used to amplify the effectiveness of our decryption attack. We argue that this attack represents an attractive opportunity for a mass surveillance adversary. Our work serves to refine the ASA model and contributes to a series of papers that raises awareness and understanding about what is possible with ASAs.
Flight altitudes and flight activities of adult Red Kites (Milvus milvus) in the breeding area as determined by GPS telemetry
Authors: Pfeiffer Thomas , Meyburg Bernd-Ulrich
Published: June 2022

The Red Kite has come to the forefront of general consciousness in recent decades. A major contributing factor has been repeated collisions of these raptors with wind turbines and the important role they play in the approval process for new turbines. Efforts to improve their protection sometime encounter challenges due to limited knowledge about some life history aspects, e.g., their flight altitude and flight activity. We investigated these parameters from 2012 to 2018 in an approximately 1000-km2 study area in the vicinity of Weimar (Federal State of Thuringia, Federal Republic of Germany) in 29 breeding birds (19 males and 10 females) equipped with GPS loggers. In addition to more than 11 million GPS data records, accelerometer data from the loggers were evaluated. The start of morning activities correlated with sunrise. Most frequently, Red Kites initiated their first hunting flights immediately at sunrise; males started hunting at 9 min and females started hunting at 12 min after sunrise (medians). The Red Kites mostly foraged and hunted their prey during flight. The proportion of time spent flying during their activity phase was highest during midday hours, reaching 30–80% in males depending on the phase of the breeding season. For males, the time spent flying was approximately two and a half times that for females. The birds sporadically reached flight altitudes of up to 1600 m above ground in the breeding area, while they maintained lower altitudes between 5 and 60 m more frequently and predominantly while foraging (56% of location fixes). Higher altitudes were occupied much less frequently than lower altitudes and were often used to travel relatively long distances in an energy-saving manner. The end of activity was well before sunset, at 87 min prior to sunset for males and 154 min prior to sunset (medians) for females.
Does microhabitat use affect population differentiation? A test with southwestern Palaearctic forest birds
Authors: Talavera Adrián , Tellería José Luis
Published: June 2022

We tested whether microhabitat use affects dispersal and population differentiation in forest birds of the southwestern Palaearctic, a link previously suggested in Neotropical birds. To approach this, the number of subspecies within 32 species was used as a metric of population differentiation and was related to their feeding substrata and seasonal changes in abundance (a surrogate of dispersal) in a mountain range (Guadarrama Mountains, Central Spain). Multivariate analyses in which the effect of range size (a main correlate of within-species diversification) and phylogeny relatedness were considered, showed that those birds adapted to exploit the tree canopy had lower seasonal changes in abundance and more subspecies than ground-dweller birds. Our results support a cause-effect link between the use of stable resources in the canopy, seasonal movements and population differentiation of birds from temperate forests of the southwestern Palaearctic.