bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Multiple-band terahertz filter device using coupling effect of two nest metallic split-ring resonators
Authors: Lou Pengcheng , Tang Chao , Niu Qingshan , He Yuanhao , Wang Ben-Xin
Published: May 2020

Multiple-band terahertz filter device consisting of two different-sized metallic split rings with the nested design method is proposed and investigated in this paper. Five separated filtering resonant dips having different resonance amplitudes and quality factors are gained, which are mainly attributed to the hybrid coupling effect between the two nested split-ring resonators. More importantly, the resonance features of the five filtering dips show a significant dependence on the designed parameters, especially the gap between two nested split rings. The multiple-band filtering resonance device given here can open up new avenues to control terahertz waves in many technology-related fields.
Crossing change on Khovanov homology and a categorified Vassiliev skein relation
Authors: Ito Noboru , Yoshida Jun
Published: May 2020

Khovanov homology is a categorification of the Jones polynomial, so it may be seen as a kind of quantum invariant of knots and links. Although polynomial quantum invariants are deeply involved with Vassiliev (aka. finite type) invariants, the relation remains unclear in case of Khovanov homology. Aiming at it, in this paper, we discuss a categorified version of Vassiliev skein relation on Khovanov homology. More precisely, we will show that the “genus-one” operation gives rise to a crossing change on Khovanov complexes. Invariance under Reidemeister moves turns out, and it enables us to extend Khovanov homology to singular links. We then see that a long exact sequence of Khovanov homology groups categorifies Vassiliev skein relation for the Jones polynomials. In particular, the Jones polynomial is recovered even for singular links. We in addition discuss the FI relation on Khovanov homology.
SOME PRICING TOOLS FOR THE VARIANCE GAMMA MODEL
Authors: AGUILAR JEAN-PHILIPPE
Published: May 2020

We establish several closed pricing formulas for various path-independent payoffs, under an exponential Lévy model driven by the Variance Gamma process. These formulas take the form of quickly convergent series and are obtained via tools from Mellin transform theory as well as from multidimensional complex analysis. Particular focus is made on the symmetric process, but extension to the asymmetric process is also provided. Speed of convergence and comparison with numerical methods (Fourier transform, quadrature approximations, Monte Carlo simulations) are also discussed; notable feature is the accelerated convergence of the series for short-term options, which constitutes an interesting improvement of numerical Fourier inversion techniques.
Multi-dimensional wavelets for scalable image decomposition: Orbital wavelets
Authors: de Oliveira H. M. , Vermehren V. V. , Cintra R. J.
Published: May 2020

Wavelets are closely related to Schrödinger’s wave functions and the interpretation of Born. Similar to the appearance of atomic orbital, it is proposed to combine anti-symmetric wavelets into orbital wavelets. The proposed approach allows the increase of the dimension of wavelets through this process. New orbital 2D-wavelets are introduced for the decomposition of still images, showing that it is possible to perform an analysis simultaneously in two distinct scales. An example of such an image analysis is shown.
Ultrabright bimetallic AuAg complex: From luminescence mechanism to biological application
Authors: Chen Junchi , Liu Lingfang , Liu Haile , Li Yonghui , Wang Junying , Mu Xiaoyu , Xu Fujuan , Liu Tianyu , Zhang Xiao-Dong
Published: May 2020

Metal clusters have attracted wide interests due to their unique electronic and optical properties, but the low luminescence quantum yield (QY) prevents them from potential biomedical applications. In this work, silver-doped Au nanoclusters (NCs) are shown to be able to improve the QY of metal clusters. We succeeded in synthesizing ultrabright glutathione (GSH) protected AuAg clusters with 10.8% QY by a one-pot route. Their florescence is about 7.5 times brighter than pure Au NCs, with super photostability and good biocompatibility in physiological environment. Based on density functional theory (DFT) calculations, we investigated the electronic structures and optical properties of the AuAg NCs. The results show that the increase of the density of states of the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) leads to the fluorescence enhancement. In addition, two-photon excitation fluorescence imaging has been performed to show their great potential for biomedicine.
Facile one-step sonochemical synthesis of AgCl quantum dots with enhanced photocatalytic activity and its size effects
Authors: Zhang Junjie , Maimaitizi Hujiabudula , Zhang Tao , Tursun Yalkunjan , Talifu Dilinuer , Abulizi Abulikemu
Published: May 2020

In this work, a facile ultrasonic method for the fabrication of AgCl quantum dots (AgCl QDs) with an average diameter of about 2.5[Formula: see text]nm was reported for the first time. The material was analyzed by various techniques. In addition, effects of material’s size on its photocatalytic activities were studied. Results suggested that the AgCl QDs exhibited excellent photocatalytic activity to degrade Rhodamine B (RhB) and tetracycline (TC) under visible light illumination, and the degradation rate of RhB (TC) had reached up to 96.6% (72.2%) in 20 min, which was higher than that of AgCl nanoparticles (23[Formula: see text]nm) and AgCl nanospheres (114[Formula: see text]nm), respectively. Besides, the band gap of the material was increased when the size of material decreased from 23[Formula: see text]nm to 2.5[Formula: see text]nm. The significantly improved photocatalytic performance and increased band gap of AgCl QDs were mainly related to the quantum size effects of AgCl, which results in the more electron fluctuation in quantized energy levels and the lower recombination of electrons and holes.
Exportation of Manpower: A Case Study of Chinese Seasonal Laborers in an Agricultural District in Hokkaido
Authors: Godo Yoshihisa , Lim Tai Wei
Published: May 2020

Chiebun District in Hokkaido, one of Japan’s largest vegetable- producing districts, has a long history of accepting agricultural laborers from China. Previously, farms in Chiebun District recruited seasonal laborers from the northeastern part of China, where per-capita income is much lower than China’s national average. At that time, the main reason Chinese laborers came to work in Chiebun District was to earn money. However, because of wage increases in China, it became difficult for Chiebun District farms to recruit these seasonal laborers. Around the same time, consumers’ demands for new types of vegetables were increasing in other regions such as Hebei, Henan, and Shandon Provinces, creating the need to train the farmers in these areas. Farms in Chiebun District provide comfortable living and working conditions for Chinese laborers. In return, the Chinese laborers, as indispensable manpower, contribute to the prosperity of the local agricultural industry in Chiebun District. As such, Chiebun District presents a model of a reciprocal relationship between Japanese farms and Chinese seasonal laborers.
The provenance of the Norber erratics, North Yorkshire, UK
Authors: Parry Brian
Published: May 2020

The Norber erratics are Late Devensian (28 ka to 14.7 ka BP) glacially-eroded, -transported and -deposited clasts occurring on the fellside known as Norber on the southeastern slopes of Ingleborough in North Yorkshire [SD 763699]. They comprise rocks of two ages: limestones and non-cleaved sandstones of Early- to Mid-Carboniferous age, and cleaved siltstones and sandstones of Silurian age. Results of field investigations indicate that provenance of the Carboniferous erratics cannot be determined except that they were riven from Askrigg Block outcrops somewhere to the north of Norber. Provenance of the bulk of the Silurian erratics is, however, established as a line of plucked cliffs on the outcrop of the Austwick Formation (Wenlock) in western Crummackdale in the vicinity of the Old Limekiln [SD 770707]
c.
1 km to the NNE of Norber.
Cell Lineage Tracing and Cellular Diversity in Humans
Authors: Abyzov Alexej , Vaccarino Flora M.
Published: May 2020

Tracing cell lineages is fundamental for understanding the rules governing development in multicellular organisms and delineating complex biological processes involving the differentiation of multiple cell types with distinct lineage hierarchies. In humans, experimental lineage tracing is unethical, and one has to rely on natural-mutation markers that are created within cells as they proliferate and age. Recent studies have demonstrated that it is now possible to trace lineages in normal, noncancerous cells with a variety of data types using natural variations in the nuclear and mitochondrial DNA as well as variations in DNA methylation status. It is also apparent that the scientific community is on the verge of being able to make a comprehensive and detailed cell lineage map of human embryonic and fetal development. In this review, we discuss the advantages and disadvantages of different approaches and markers for lineage tracing. We also describe the general conceptual design for how to derive a lineage map for humans.
Epigenetic Mechanisms in Nematode–Plant Interactions
Authors: Hewezi Tarek
Published: May 2020

Epigenetic mechanisms play fundamental roles in regulating numerous biological processes in various developmental and environmental contexts. Three highly interconnected epigenetic control mechanisms, including small noncoding RNAs, DNA methylation, and histone modifications, contribute to the establishment of plant epigenetic profiles. During the past decade, a growing body of experimental work has revealed the intricate, diverse, and dynamic roles that epigenetic modifications play in plant–nematode interactions. In this review, I summarize recent progress regarding the functions of small RNAs in mediating plant responses to infection by cyst and root-knot nematodes, with a focus on the functions of microRNAs. I also recapitulate recent advances in genome-wide DNA methylation analysis and discuss how cyst nematodes induce extensive and dynamic changes in the plant methylome that impact the transcriptional activity of genes and transposable elements. Finally, the potential role of nematode effector proteins in triggering such epigenome changes is discussed.
Using two-dimensional ultrasound imaging to examine venous pressure
Authors: Johnson Christopher D. , Roe Sean M. , Tansey Etain A.
Published: May 2020

Ultrasound imaging is being used increasingly to aid in the teaching of human physiology and anatomy. Here we describe how its use can be integrated into the teaching of concepts surrounding venous circulation, specifically 1) venous valves and the muscle pump, 2) the effects of hydrostatic pressure on venous pressure, and 3) central venous pressure. The imaging procedures described are relatively simple but add a dimension that helps deliver the teaching points clearly and is enjoyable for students. They also aid in the link of basic physiology to clinical aspects of venous circulatory physiology.
Implementation of structured team-based review enhances knowledge consolidation and academic performance of undergraduate medical students studying neuroscience
Authors: Anwar Khurshid , Kashir Junaid , Sajid Muhammad Raihan , Rasool Abdul Jabar , Shaikh Abdul Ahad , Ikram Muhammad Faisal , Yaqinuddin Ahmed , Alshedoukhy Ahlam , Ganguly Paul K.
Published: May 2020

Team-based learning (TBL) provides a systematic approach to teaching and learning and promotes critical thinking and enhances medical educational activities and professional development. TBL-based didactic methodology has proven beneficial in enhancing learning and consolidating key educational concepts throughout educational curricula. Such areas of application include neuroscience, which is traditionally considered to be one of the most difficult disciplines to be taught in undergraduate medical courses to the point where the scientific literature reports “neurophobia” among undergraduate medical students. Herein, we report the design and application of a modified version of TBL, which we termed team-based review (TBR) throughout two cohorts of undergraduate medical students undertaking neuroscience. We show that our TBR methodology enhanced student understanding of neuroscience, increasing average marks and grades achieved in final exams, while also increasing the proportion of students obtaining higher grades. Application of TBR also improved marks obtained by students throughout continuous assessment (midterms, TBL, and problem-based learning grades). In surveys taken following final exams, students strongly felt that TBR enhanced their learning experience and aided knowledge acquisition, consolidation, and exam preparation. Collectively, we show that TBR-based methodology was effective in enhancing the student learning experience and performance in neuroscience and could potentially be successfully used to enhance performance and learning in other subjects in the undergraduate medical curriculum.
Pressure-induced constriction of the middle cerebral artery is abolished in TrpC6 knockout mice
Authors: Nemeth Zoltan , Hildebrandt Emily , Ryan Michael J. , Granger Joey P. , Drummond Heather A.
Published: May 2020

Pressure-induced, but not agonist-induced, vasoconstriction is abolished in the middle cerebral artery (MCA) of TrpC6 null mice. TrpC6 localization in dissociated cerebral vascular smooth muscle cells is primarily cytoplasmic and not associated with the surface membrane where a mechanoelectrical coupler might be expected. These findings suggest that TrpC6 is required for transduction of pressure-induced constriction in the MCA; however, its role as a mechanoelectrical coupler or downstream signal amplifier remains unresolved.
Lactobacillus reuteri attenuates cardiac injury without lowering cholesterol in low-density lipoprotein receptor-deficient mice fed standard chow
Authors: Koppinger Matthew Perry , Lopez-Pier Marissa Anne , Skaria Rinku , Harris Preston Royal , Konhilas John P.
Published: May 2020

We demonstrated that daily delivery of Lactobacillus reuteri to wild-type and hypercholesterolemic lipoprotein receptor knockout mice attenuated cardiac injury following ischemia-reperfusion without lowering total serum cholesterol in the short term. In addition, we validated protection against cardiac injury using histology and immunohistochemistry techniques. L. reuteri offers promise as a probiotic to mitigate ischemic cardiac injury.
A BP Neural Network Based on GA for Optimizing Energy Consumption of Copper Electrowinning
Authors: Wu Jing , Cheng Yanming , Liu Cheng , Lee Ilkyoo , Huang Wenlin
Published: May 2020

In this paper, achieving minimum energy consumption in the copper electrowinning process is taken as the research objective. In the traditional production process, sulfate ion concentration, copper ion concentration, and current density are carried out according to the empirical value, which cannot ensure the energy consumption reaching the optimal level. Therefore, this paper proposes a BP neural network model to optimize energy consumption according to the relationship between current density, sulfate ion concentration, copper ion concentration, electrolytic tank voltage, and current efficiency, and the established BP neural network model is trained by using real data from the enterprise. The simulation results show that there is a definite error between the predicted electrolytic tank voltage and current efficiency and corresponding to predict electrolytic tank voltage and current efficiency measured at the production site. The BP neural network improved by GA is proposed to further improve the prediction accuracy of the BP neural network. Simulation results indicate that the prediction error of electrolytic tank voltage and current efficiency is greatly reduced that meets the accuracy requirements, and then the minimum energy consumption can be calculated. On the premise of guaranteeing the quality of copper electrowinning, the current density, sulfate ion concentration, and copper ion concentration corresponding to the minimum energy consumption accurately predicted by this method can be respectively adjusted in real time, which realizes the optimization of energy consumption in the process of copper electrowinning under the background of low carbon and environmental protection.
Modulation of Blood Coagulation and Hematological Parameters by Crassocephalum crepidioides Leaf Methanol Extract and Fractions in STZ-Induced Diabetes in the Rat
Authors: Ayodele Opeyemi O. , Onajobi Funmilayo D. , Osoniyi Omolaja R.
Published: May 2020

Diabetes affects the homeostasis of the circulatory system. Crassocephalum crepidioides Benth S. Moore (Asteraceae) is an edible plant locally used in the treatment of wounds, stomach ulcer, and skin-related conditions in Africa and some other parts of the world. This study investigated the effects of C. crepidioides leaf methanol extract and fractions on blood coagulation profile of diabetic Wistar rats. The effect of 100 mg/kg body weight of the methanol extract and partitioned fractions of C. crepidioides on blood coagulation profile of STZ-induced diabetic rats were initially evaluated, while graded concentrations (50–200 mg/kg body weight) of the aqueous and hexane fractions were further tested in diabetic rats against standard drugs aspirin (anticoagulant) and metformin (antidiabetic). Rats were allocated into groups (n = 6) and administration was done orally, once daily for 2 weeks. The methanol extract and fractions of C. crepidioides at concentrations of 50, 100, and 200 mg/kg significantly prolonged the bleeding (58–200%), clotting (65–133%), prothrombin (176–441%), and activated partial thromboplastin (209–518%) times in diabetic rats compared to the control rats (LD50 ≥ 5000 mg/kg). Highest prolongation effects were recorded in the diabetic group treated with 100 mg/kg body weight of the hexane fraction. Plasma calcium concentration and platelet counts of C. crepidioides treated diabetic rats were significantly (P<0.05) reduced compared to diabetic control rats, while the red blood cells (RBC), hemoglobin concentration, and packed cell volume (PCV) were significantly increased. This study showed that C. crepidioides possess anticoagulant and antianemic activities. The leaves can thus be a potential source of novel anticoagulant and nutraceutical for management of the thrombotic disorder in diabetes and other diseased states.
Sliding Mode Controller-Based BFCL for Fault Ride-Through Performance Enhancement of DFIG-Based Wind Turbines
Authors: Firouzi Mehdi , Nasiri Mojtaba , Mobayen Saleh , Gharehpetian G. B.
Published: May 2020

The fault ride-through (FRT) capability and fault current issues are the main challenges in doubly fed induction generator- (DFIG-) based wind turbines (WTs). Application of the bridge-type fault current limiter (BFCL) was recognized as a promising solution to cope with these challenges. This paper proposes a nonlinear sliding mode controller (SMC) for the BFCL to enhance the FRT performance of the DFIG-based WT. This controller has robust performance in unpredicted voltage sag level and nonlinear features. Theoretical discussions, power circuit, and nonlinear control consideration of the SMC-based BFCL are conducted, and then, its performance is verified through time-domain simulations in the PSCAD/EMTDC environment. To reduce the chattering phenomenon and decrease the reaching time, it used the exponential reaching law (ERL) for designed SMC. Also, the SMC-based BFCL performance is compared with the conventional and PI controller-based BFCL for both symmetrical and asymmetrical short-circuit faults. Simulation results reveal that the SMC-based BFCL provides better performance compared with the conventional and PI controller-based BFCL to enhance the FRT.
Chemical Formulation and Characterization of Complementary Foods from Blend of Orange-Fleshed Sweet Potato, Brown Teff, and Dark Red Kidney Beans
Authors: Araro Tesfay , Gemechu Feyera , Wotango Aselefech , Esho Tarekegn
Published: May 2020

Consumption of nutritionally inadequate diets results in infant malnutrition. This study is aimed at formulating complementary foods from blend of orange-fleshed sweet potato, brown teff, and dark red kidney beans for infants aged 6–23 months. The Design-Expert 6.0.8 Software was used to formulate flour blends. Proximate, mineral, and antinutrient characterizations of flour blends were determined by using standard methods. The crude protein, crude fat, carbohydrate, and energy contents of raw flour blends were varied from 4.90–14.25%, 1.63–1.99%, 67.10–76.29%, and 339.07–343.63 Kcal/100 g, respectively. The crude protein, crude fat, carbohydrate, and energy contents of extruded blends were varied from 3.65–12.41%, 0.16–0.31%, 72.66–83.96%, and 343.07–356.74 Kcal/100 g, respectively. The crude protein, crude fat, carbohydrate, and energy contents of drum-dried blends were varied from 4.45–14.08%, 1.21–1.70%, 69.30–80.45%, and 347.20–356.57 Kcal/100 g, respectively. The products meet the recommended daily intake of protein (5.2–10.9 g), carbohydrate (≥65 g), energy (202–894 Kcal), and potassium (60–160 mg) for infants. However, the products are in short of meeting some of the recommendations given by international standards regarding daily intake of fats and minerals. Therefore, it requires some enhancement by including studied amount of butter and other micronutrient dense foodstuffs.
Bibliometric Analysis of the Results of Cardio‐Oncology Research
Authors: Wei Kangkang , Liao Jiangquan , Chang Jiangmeng , Zhang Xiaoqiong , Chen Ming , Du Jinhang
Published: May 2020

Objective. To analyze the development of cardio‐oncology, summarize the research achievements, and provide proposals for its future research. Methods. The web of science database was used to search for “cardio‐oncology” and “oncocardiology” related articles from the beginning of the database (1970) to April 5, 2019. Excel 2016 and Cytoscape were used to analyze the trend of cardio‐oncology research. Results. A total of 356 articles were obtained. The number of articles has grown rapidly in recent years. Cardiac injury caused by tumor therapy was a research hotspot (n = 107). Researchers paid more attention to the prevention and treatment of cardiotoxicity (n = 54). Experimental researches were a small part of all studies (n = 72), mainly focusing on the study of cancer drugs’ cardiac injury, test indicators of cardiotoxicity, and preventive drugs. The United States (n = 156.25), Italy (n = 48.5), and Canada (n = 23.5) published the most articles, making a great contribution to the development of cardio‐oncology. Conclusions. Cardio‐oncology has been developing rapidly and receiving a large amount of research efforts in recent years. Most articles on cardio‐oncology were published by the authors from the United States (44%) and Italy (17%), while other countries need to pay more attention to cardio‐oncology. As an independent discipline, cardio‐oncology is certainly in need of significant progress, but it has formed a basic framework, which has obtained many leading theories and meaningful achievements in diagnostic criteria, diagnostic methods, prevention and treatment, mechanism research, and influencing factor. Cardiac injury of tumor drugs has always been a research hotspot in this discipline, and there is still a lot of research space. The research about detection methods of cardiotoxicity and preventive drugs is gradually increasing. Basic research lags behind, and many mechanisms are still unclear.
Construction and Analysis of Double Helix for Triangular Bipyramid and Pentangular Bipyramid
Authors: Deng Tao
Published: May 2020

DNA cages can be joined together to make larger 3D nanostructures on which molecular electronic circuits and tiny containers are built for drug delivery. The mathematical models for these promising nanomaterials play important roles in clarifying their assembly mechanism and understanding their structures. In this study, we propose a mathematical and computer method to construct permissible topological structures with double-helical edges for a triangular bipyramid and pentangular bipyramid. Furthermore, we remove the same topological links, without eliminating the nonrepeated ones for a triangular bipyramid and pentangular bipyramid. By analyzing characteristics of these unique links, some self-assembly and statistic rules are discussed. This study may obtain some new insights into the DNA assembly from the viewpoint of mathematics, promoting the comprehending and design efficiency of DNA polyhedra with required topological structures.
Natural Frequencies and Mode Shapes of Drill Pipe in Subsea Xmas Tree Installation
Authors: Xiao Wensheng , Qin Haozhi , Liu Jian , Liu Qi , Cui Junguo , Wang Fengde
Published: May 2020

In this study, experimental and numerical investigations on the vibration characteristics of a drill pipe during the lowering of a subsea Xmas tree were presented. A fourth-order partial differential equation with variable coefficients was established based on Euler–Bernoulli beam theory. The natural frequencies and mode shapes are obtained by using the differential transformation method. Four drill pipe models of different sizes were used in the experiments which were measured using piezoelectric acceleration sensors and fiber Bragg grating sensors, respectively. The factors that affect the natural frequencies and mode shapes, such as length, diameter, lumped mass, and boundary conditions, were analyzed. The results show that all factors have remarkable effects on the natural frequency, but changes in the length and diameter of the pipe have little effect on the mode shapes; the main factors affecting the mode shape are the boundary conditions and lumped mass. The results of the numerical calculation were validated by a comparison with the experimental results and showed good agreement.
Risk Factors for Obstetric Anal Sphincter Injuries among Women Delivering at a Tertiary Hospital in Southwestern Uganda
Authors: Ali Mahad , Migisha Richard , Ngonzi Joseph , Muhumuza Joy , Mayanja Ronald , Joe Lapat Jolly , Salongo Wasswa , Kayondo Musa
Published: May 2020

Background. Obstetric anal sphincter injuries (OASIS) arise from perineal trauma during vaginal delivery and are associated with poor maternal health outcomes. Most OASIS occur in unattended deliveries in resource-limited settings. However, even in facilities where deliveries are attended by skilled personnel, a number of women still get OASIS. Objectives. To determine the incidence and risk factors for obstetric anal sphincter injuries among women delivering at Mbarara Regional Referral Hospital (MRRH). Methods. We conducted an unmatched hospital-based case control study, with the ratio of cases to controls of 1 : 2 (80 cases and 160 controls). We defined a case as a mother who got a third- or fourth-degree perineal tear after vaginal delivery while the controls recruited were the next two mothers who delivered vaginally without a third- or fourth-degree perineal tear. A questionnaire and participants’ medical records review were used to obtain sociodemographic and clinical data. We estimated the incidence of OASIS and performed univariable and multivariable logistic regression to identify the associated risk factors. Results. The cumulative incidence for OASIS during the study period was 6.6%. The risk factors for OASIS were 2nd stage of labour ≥1 hour (aOR 6.07, 95%CI 1.86–19.82, p=0.003), having episiotomy performed during labour (aOR 2.57, 95%CI 1.07–6.17, p=0.035), perineum support during delivery (aOR 0.03, 95%CI 0.01–0.12, p<0.001), and monthly income of >50,000 shillings (aOR 0.09, 95%CI 0.03–0.28, p<0.001). Conclusions and Recommendations. The risk factors for obstetric anal sphincter injury were prolonged second stage of labour and performing episiotomies during deliveries while higher monthly income and perineum support during delivery were protective. We recommend routine support to the perineum during delivery. Care should be taken in mothers with episiotomies, as they can extend and cause OASIS.
Reduce Muscle Fibrosis through Exercise via NRG1/ErbB2 Modification in Diabetic Rats
Authors: Amani Majid , Rahmati Masoud , Fathi Mohammad , Ahmadvand Hasan
Published: May 2020

Diabetic myopathy refers to the manifestations in the skeletal muscle as a result of altered glucose homeostasis which reflects as fibrosis. Since physical exercise has been indicated a protective strategy for improving glucose metabolism in skeletal muscle, we tested a hypothesis under which the endurance exercise training could reverse the produced skeletal muscle fibrosis by diabetes. Eight-week-old male Wistar rats were randomly assigned into four groups including healthy control (HC), healthy trained (HT), diabetic control (DC), and diabetic trained (DT) groups. Diabetes was induced by a single intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (STZ; 45 mg/kg). Rats in the HT and DT groups carried out an exercise program on a motorized treadmill for five days a week over six weeks. Skeletal muscle levels of NRG1and ErbB2 were measured by the Western blot method. Exercise training decreased blood glucose levels in the DT group. Induction of diabetes increased skeletal muscle fibrosis in both the fast extensor digitorum longus (EDL) and slow soleus muscles, while endurance training modified it in diabetic trained rats. Moreover, muscle NRG1and ErbB2 levels were increased in diabetic rats, while training modified muscle NRG1and ErbB2 levels in diabetic trained rats. Our study provides novel evidence that endurance training could modify skeletal muscle fibrosis through NRG1/ErbB2 modification in STZ-induced diabetic rats.
Preoperative Blood Glucose Level Predicts Postsurgical Gastroparesis Syndrome after Subtotal Gastrectomy: Development of an Individualized Usable Nomogram
Authors: Mao Chenchen , Liu Xin , Huang Yunshi , Shi Mingming , Meng Weiyang , Xu Libin , Chen Weisheng , Hu Yuanbo , Yang Xinxin , Chen Xiaodong , Shen Xian
Published: May 2020

Background. Postsurgical gastroparesis syndrome (PGS) after subtotal gastrectomy imposes significant social and economic burdens. We aimed to investigate the relationship between preoperative blood glucose level and PGS and develop a nomogram for individualized prediction. Patients and Methods. We retrospectively analyzed 633 patients with gastric cancer who underwent subtotal gastrectomy. Preoperative blood glucose levels were evaluated via receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. Chi-squared tests and multivariable logistic regression analyses were used to develop a predictive model for PGS, presented as a nomogram, which was assessed for its clinical usefulness. Results. Thirty-eight of 633 patients were diagnosed with PGS. Based on the ROC curve analysis, the preoperative blood glucose cutoff value for PGS was 6.25 mmol/L. The predictors of PGS included preoperative hyperglycemia (odds ratio (OR) 2.3, P=0.03), body mass index (BMI; OR 0.21, P=0.14 for BMI<18.5 and OR 3.0, P=0.004 for BMI>24), and the anastomotic method (OR 7.3, P=0.001 for Billroth II and OR 5.9, P=0.15 for Roux-en-Y). The predictive model showed good discrimination ability, with a C-index of 0.710, and was clinically useful. Conclusions. Preoperative hyperglycemia effectively predicts PGS. We present a nomogram incorporating the preoperative blood glucose level, BMI, anastomotic method, and tumor size, for individualized prediction of PGS.
Size-Optimized Microspace Culture Facilitates Differentiation of Mouse Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells into Osteoid-Rich Bone Constructs
Authors: Limraksasin Phoonsuk , Okawa Hiroko , Zhang Maolin , Kondo Takeru , Osathanon Thanaphum , Pavasant Prasit , Egusa Hiroshi
Published: May 2020

Microspace culture is promising for self-organization of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). However, the optimal size of microspaces for osteogenic differentiation is unclear. We hypothesized that a specific microspace size could facilitate self-organizing iPSC differentiation to form bone-like tissue in vitro. The objectives of this study were to investigate such effects of microspace size and to evaluate bone regeneration upon transplantation of the resulting osteogenic constructs. Dissociated mouse gingival fibroblast-derived iPSCs were plated in ultra-low-attachment microspace culture wells containing hundreds of U-bottom-shaped microwell spots per well to form cell aggregates in growth medium. The microwells had different aperture diameters/depths (400/560 μm (Elp400), 500/700 μm (Elp500), and 900/700 μm (Elp900)) (Kuraray; Elplasia). After 5 days of aggregation, cells were maintained in osteogenic induction medium for 35 days. Only cells in the Elp500 condition tightly aggregated and maintained high viability during osteogenic induction. After 10 days of induction, Elp500 cell constructs showed significantly higher gene expression of Runx2, Osterix, Collagen 1a1, Osteocalcin, Bone sialoprotein, and Osteopontin compared to constructs in Elp400 and Elp900. In methylene blue-counterstained von Kossa staining and Movat’s pentachrome staining, only Elp500 constructs showed robust osteoid formation on day 35, with high expression of type I collagen (a major osteoid component) and osteocalcin proteins. Cell constructs were transplanted into rat calvarial bone defects, and micro-CT analysis after 3 weeks showed better bone repair with significantly higher bone mineral density in the Elp500 group compared to the Elp900 group. These results suggest that microspace size affects self-organized osteogenic differentiation of iPSCs. Elp500 microspace culture specifically induces mouse iPSCs into osteoid-rich bone-like tissue possessing high bone regeneration capacity.
Elucidation of the Molecular Mechanisms Underlying Sorafenib-Induced Hepatotoxicity
Authors: AlAsmari Abdullah F. , Ali Nemat , AlAsmari Fawaz , AlAnazi Wael A. , Alqahtani Faleh , Alharbi Metab , Alotaibi Farraj M. , Aldossari Abdullah A. , AlSwayyed Mohammed , Alanazi Mohammed M. , Alshamrani Ali A.
Published: May 2020

Sorafenib is a small, orally-active multikinase inhibitor that is most frequently used for the management of renal cell carcinoma, hepatocellular carcinoma, and radioactive iodine-resistant thyroid carcinoma. However, recent reports have associated sorafenib with hepatotoxicity that can limit its clinical application, although the mechanism of hepatotoxicity is still to be elucidated. Thus, our study was designed to explore the molecular mechanisms underlying sorafenib-induced hepatotoxicity in an in vivo model. Twenty male adult Wistar rats were randomly placed into two groups; the first group received an oral dose of normal saline (vehicle), and the second received sorafenib (30 mg/kg) once daily for twenty-one consecutive days. After twenty-one days, liver tissues and blood samples were used for gene expression, protein expression, and biochemical analysis. Sorafenib treatment resulted in markedly increased levels of alanine aminotransferase and alkaline phosphatase, which indicate the presence of liver damage. Additionally, sorafenib administration induced the inflammatory and oxidative stress marker NF-κB-p65, while antioxidant enzymes were attenuated. Moreover, sorafenib caused upregulation of both gene and protein for the apoptotic markers cleaved Caspase-3, Bax, and Bid, and downregulation of the antiapoptotic protein Bcl-2. In conclusion, our findings suggest that sorafenib administration is associated with hepatotoxicity, which might be due to the activation of oxidative stress and apoptotic pathways.
Associations between Exposure to Tobacco Smoke and Behavioral Problems in Preschool Japanese Children
Authors: Wada Keiko , Ueyama Jun , Konishi Kie , Goto Yuko , Koda Sachi , Mizuta Fumi , Tamura Takashi , Watanabe Kaori , Ando Kyoko , Kondo Takaaki , Nagata Chisato
Published: May 2020

Background. A few studies related to pediatric behavior have measured secondhand smoke exposure in children using valid objective biochemical markers. We aimed at investigating the associations between current and cumulative exposure to tobacco smoke, measured both subjectively and objectively, and behavioral problems in children.Methods. Subjects were 437 Japanese children, aged 3–6 years in 2006. Exposure to tobacco smoke was evaluated from a parent-administered questionnaire and urinary cotinine concentrations. The cotinine concentrations were measured using first-void morning urine by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Children’s behaviors were assessed by the parent-completed Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire.Results. After multiple adjustments for covariates, higher total difficulty scores of children were significantly associated with the larger number of cigarettes parents smoke, more smokers among cohabiters, and more pack-years of exposure to tobacco smoke from parents and cohabiters. The total difficulty scores were 8.72, 9.09, and 10.52, respectively, for children in the low, middle, and high tertiles of creatinine-corrected cotinine concentrations in urine (p=0.002, trendp=0.005). There was no substantial sex difference in the positive associations between passive smoking and the SDQ scores.Conclusions. Exposure to tobacco smoke in early childhood may be involved in the development of pediatric behavioral problems. The importance of reducing the exposure of children to tobacco smoke, particularly in the home, was further emphasized for the prevention of psychological and behavioral problems in childhood.
Identification of Lesional Tissues and Nonlesional Tissues in Early Gastric Cancer Endoscopic Submucosal Dissection Specimens Using a Fiber Optic Raman System
Authors: Luan Zhaohui , Qin Yusi , Dai Jianhua , Wu Hongbo , Chen Yao , Feng Xiaofeng , Peng Guiyong
Published: May 2020

Aim. To identify lesional and nonlesional tissues from early gastric cancer (EGC) patients by Raman spectroscopy to build a diagnostic model and effectively diagnose EGC. Method. Specimens were collected by endoscopic submucosal dissection from 13 patients with EGC, and 55 sets of standard Raman spectral data (each integrated 10 times) were obtained using the fiber optic Raman system; there were 33 sets of lesional tissue data, including 18 sets of high-grade intraepithelial neoplasia (HGIN) data and 15 sets of adenocarcinoma data, and 22 sets of nonlesional tissue data. After the preprocessing steps, the average Raman spectrum was obtained. Results. The nonlesional tissues showed peaks at 891 cm-1, 1103 cm-1, 1417 cm-1, 1206 cm-1, 1234 cm-1, 1479 cm-1, 1560 cm-1, and 1678 cm-1. Compared with the peaks corresponding to nonlesional tissues, the peaks of the lesional tissues shifted by different magnitudes, and a new characteristic peak at 1324 cm-1 was observed. Comparing the peak intensity ratio and the integral energy ratio of the lesional tissues with those of the nonlesional tissues revealed a significant difference between the two groups (independent-samplest-test, P<0.05). Considering the peak intensity ratio of I1560 cm-1/I1103 cm-1 as a diagnostic indicator, the accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity of diagnosing EGC were 98.8%, 93.9%, and 91.9%, respectively. Considering the integral energy ratio (noncontinuous frequency band and continuous frequency band) as a diagnostic indicator, the accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity of diagnosing EGC were 99.2-99.6%, 93.9-97.0%, and 95.5%, respectively. Conclusions. The integral energy ratio of the Raman spectrum could be considered an effective indicator for the diagnosis of EGC.
Seismic Performance Evaluation of Precast Concrete Beam‐to‐Shear Link Composite Connection with Bending Moment and Shear Force Separate Method
Authors: Hu Shujun , Guo Qi , Xiong Xinfu , Xiong Jingang
Published: May 2020

A new type of prefabricated reinforced concrete‐Y‐shaped eccentrically steel brace structure (PRC‐Y‐ESBS) is developed by combining the mechanical property of prefabricated reinforced concrete frame and Y‐shaped eccentrically steel brace, so the seismic performance and seismic resilience capacity of prefabricated reinforced concrete frame can be effectively improved. In the PRC‐Y‐ESBS, the precast concrete beam‐to‐shear link composite connection should have enough bearing capacity and resilience capacity under the shear force and bending moment, so the damage can be restricted in shear links. In this paper, an innovative precast concrete beam‐to‐shear link composite connection (PCB‐SLCC) with bending moment and shear force separate method is proposed. Four different types of shear connectors are analyzed in detail by using the verified numerical method, and the shear capacity and failure mode of shear connectors can be obtained. Then, the innovative PCB‐SLCCs with the reasonable shear connector considering different influencing parameters are also studied in detail. The results indicate that the shear connectors and high‐strength bolts are still in elastic state at ultimate load, and little damage has occurred in the concrete between the embedded plate and precast concrete frame, while the PCB‐SLCC has enough bearing capacity at the ultimate stage. In addition, this study also clearly identifies that high‐strength bolts can only bear the bending moment, and the shear force is only carried by shear connectors, so the bending moment and shear force of the innovative PCB‐SLCC with high bearing capacity, ease of installation, and seismic resilience capacity can be apparently separated.
Antitumor Activity of Amivantamab (JNJ-61186372), an EGFR–MET Bispecific Antibody, in Diverse Models of EGFR Exon 20 Insertion–Driven NSCLC
Authors: Yun Jiyeon , Lee Soo-Hwan , Kim Seok-Young , Jeong Seo-Yoon , Kim Jae-Hwan , Pyo Kyoung-Ho , Park Chae-Won , Heo Seong Gu , Yun Mi Ran , Lim Sangbin , Lim Sun Min , Hong Min Hee , Kim Hye Ryun , Thayu Meena , Curtin Joshua C. , Knoblauch Roland E. , Lorenzi Matthew V. , Roshak Amy , Cho Byoung Chul
Published: May 2020

EGFR exon 20 insertion driver mutations (Exon20ins) in non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) are insensitive to EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI). Amivantamab (JNJ-61186372), a bispecific antibody targeting EGFR–MET, has shown preclinical activity in TKI-sensitive EGFR-mutated NSCLC models and in an ongoing first-in-human study in patients with advanced NSCLC. However, the activity of amivantamab in Exon20ins-driven tumors has not yet been described. Ba/F3 cells and patient-derived cells/organoids/xenograft models harboring diverse Exon20ins were used to characterize the antitumor mechanism of amivantamab. Amivantamab inhibited proliferation by effectively downmodulating EGFR–MET levels and inducing immune-directed antitumor activity with increased IFNγ secretion in various models. Importantly, in vivo efficacy of amivantamab was superior to cetuximab or poziotinib, an experimental Exon20ins-targeted TKI. Amivantamab produced robust tumor responses in two Exon20ins patients, highlighting the important translational nature of this preclinical work. These findings provide mechanistic insight into the activity of amivantamab and support its continued clinical development in Exon20ins patients, an area of high unmet medical need.

Significance:

Currently, there are no approved targeted therapies for EGFR Exon20ins–driven NSCLC. Preclinical data shown here, together with promising clinical activity in an ongoing phase I study, strongly support further clinical investigation of amivantamab in EGFR Exon20ins–driven NSCLC.

This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 1079
In vitro and in vivo Antiallergic Effects of Taurine on Allergic Rhinitis
Authors: Zhou Jing , Lu Yi , Li Fengqian , Wu Wei , Xie Donghao , Feng Yunhai
Published: May 2020

Background: The current treatment for allergic rhinitis (AR) is inadequate. Objective: The present study aimed to investigate the therapeutic effect of taurine on AR and to identify the underlying molecular mechanisms. Methods: The serum level of the antioxidant enzyme extracellular superoxide dismutase (SOD3) was determined in AR patients and in healthy controls. The antiallergic inflammatory effects of taurine were evaluated in a dinitrophenyl-human serum albumin (DNP-HSA)-stimulated human mast cell line (HMC-1) and in an ovalbumin (OVA)-induced AR mouse model. Results: Clinically, a reduction in serum level of SOD3 was observed in AR patients. Taurine treatment led to dose-dependent increases in SOD3 at both protein and mRNA levels in HMC-1 cells. SOD3 production was regulated by peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPAR-γ) in response to taurine. SOD3 overexpression inhibited the release of proinflammatory cytokines including tumor necrosis factor-α (, interleukin (IL)-4, and IL-6. Its overexpression also ameliorated the loss of interferon-γ. SOD3 and PPAR-γ influenced inflammatory cytokine production via regulation of the phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2). An OVA-induced AR animal model study showed that taurine was efficacious in alleviating allergic inflammatory reactions by relieving behavior symptoms of AR mice and reducing eosinophilic and mast cell infiltration into the nasal cavity. In addition, taurine treatment increased the production of SOD3 and PPAR-γ, which, in turn, suppressed expression of proinflammatory cytokines through phosphorylation of ERK1/2. Conclusion: Taurine could potentially serve as a therapeutic treatment for allergic disorders.
Pros and Cons of Robotic Revisional Bariatric Surgery
Authors: Beckmann Jan Henrik , Mehdorn Anne-Sophie , Kersebaum Jan-Niclas , von Schönfels Witigo , Taivankhuu Terbish , Laudes Matthias , Egberts Jan-Hendrik , Becker Thomas
Published: May 2020

Introduction: Revisional procedures in bariatric surgery are regarded as technically more demanding and riskier than primary interventions. While the use of the surgical robot has not yet proven to be advantageous in primary bariatric interventions, the question remains whether its use is justified for more complex revisional procedures. Objective: To show that revisional bariatric surgery can be performed safely using the da Vinci® Xi surgical system. Methods: We performed a retrospective analysis of prospectively recorded data for revisional bariatric procedures between January 2016 and November 2019. Results: Of 78 revision operations, four (5.1%) were performed by open surgery, 30 (38.5%) by laparoscopic surgery, and 44 (56.4%) by robotic surgery. A comparative analysis of robotic (n = 41) versus laparoscopic (n = 18) revisional Roux-en-Y gastric bypasses (rRYGB) revealed significant differences favoring the robotic approach for operative time (130.7 vs. 167.6 min), C-reactive protein values at days 1 (27.9 vs. 49.1 mg/L) and 2 (48.2 vs. 83.6 mg/L) after surgery, and length of stay (4.9 vs. 6.2 days). Lower complication rates (Clavien-Dindo II–V) were found after rRRYGB (7.3 vs. 22.2%, not significant). Conclusions: Revisional bariatric surgery using a robotic system is safe. The operative time performing rRRYGB is significantly shorter than rLRYGB in our experience. Otherwise, results were largely comparable. Due to different indications, different index operations and a wide range of revisional procedures, further studies are necessary to confirm these results.