bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
DETERMINATION OF MANEUVER TO RETURN TO THE PASSAGE ROUTE
Authors: Vagushchenko L.L. , Kozachenko A.J.
Published: October 2023

This study presents an algorithmic approach to finding an effective -maneuver for multi-ship situations, where a ship deviates from its transition route to avoid collision with other vessels. The proposed algorithm involves the enumeration of a representative discrete set of solutions to find a - maneuver that ensures a safe return to the transition route. The maneuver starts at the minimum distance from the own ship and has the required lateral distance and angle of approach to the route. The algorithm also addresses situations with several targets by introducing virtual targets and automatically finding a maneuver that avoids collision. To aid decision-making, the study develops a two-dimensional matrix that provides the coordinates of the angle of approach to the route and the distance from the own ship to the start of the maneuver, where the cross-track distance is equal to a given value. The matrix presents the sufficient, acceptable, and unacceptable -maneuver variants based on the shortest distance from the own ship to the targets. The matrix is represented by a color-coded diagram that allows for easy selection of a suitable maneuver providing the necessary offset from the track line. The study accounts for the dynamics of the own ship in a simplified way by assuming that course changes are made within a given radius. To validate the proposed algorithms, a program was implemented in Delphi programming language, and tests were carried out in various multi-ship situations. The results confirmed the effectiveness of the proposed algorithms in selecting - maneuvers for returning to the transition route while avoiding collisions. In summary, the study presents a novel algorithmic approach for selecting an effective - maneuver in multi-ship situations, accounting for the dynamics of the own ship and using a colorcoded diagram for easy selection. The proposed algorithms have been validated through simulations, highlighting their potential for improving the safety and efficiency of maritime navigation. Keywords: collision avoidance, -manoeuver, enumerative method, diagram to select manoeuver.
DANGER OF USІNG AUTONOMOUS SHIPS
Authors: Volkov O. , Petrychenko O. , Vlasenko Y.
Published: October 2023

The increasing automation of navigation is a key trend in the modern world, but it also poses significant challenges and risks for maritime safety. However, the use of terms such as ‘remote operation’, ‘automation’, ‘autonomy’, ‘artificial intelligence’, ‘unmanned ships’, ‘autonomous ships’, ‘cyber-enabled ships’, and ‘smart ships’ has created significant terminological confusion. This article is devoted to a generalized concept of autonomous vessels and their potential risks. This may lead to misunderstandings and inconsistencies in this area, which, in turn, can create a threat to maritime safety. A necessity of being defined and gaining a detailed explanation of some conceptions related to autonomous navigation exists. Moreover, legal problems should be described. For conceptual basis not only the identification of three different automation elements of the ship are used, but also a legal aspect between an autonomous voyage under the ship`s operator control to an autonomous voyage with limitations is considered. These aspects include legal, technicaltechnological, navigational, safety, economic, cyber-physical, and ecological-technogenic consequences. An autonomous`s volume affects the reduction of crew members onboard. Due to the permanent reduction in the number of ship`s crew members the necessity of IT- technologies is being extended, because (of this reduction) tasks have to be executed remotely, or by the autonomous` level increasing. In addition, the reduction of the quantity of ship`s crew members to zero people demands new requirements of intellectual ship intelligence technologies, even if a ship is intended for permanent distance control. The analysis of the autonomous ship general conception has defined some legal collisions which nowadays do not allow to assume full functioning of pilotless autonomous ships. The article argues that autonomous ships are a complex and multidimensional phenomenon that requires comprehensive and interdisciplinary research and analysis. Keywords: autonomous ships, automation, autonomy, сyber-enabled ships, remote operation, remote operability, safe maneuvering.
MANEUVER OF RETURNING THE VESSEL TO THE SET TRACK AFTER PASSING THE TARGET
Authors: Kalinichenko T. , Tymoshchuk O.
Published: October 2023

This paper proposes a method of decomposing a set of initial bearings into subsets, each of which corresponds to a type of vessel passing strategy based on their initial parameters and the nature of the close-quarters situation. The method aims to perform a vessel evasive action and return it to the programmed (given) course. The paper investigates the problem of collision avoidance between vessels during their passing using methods of the theory of optimal discrete processes. The paper determines the most hazardous initial vessel bearing in a situation of approaching a target (another vessel, hereafter referred to as the target vessel or TV) by decomposing the set of initial bearings into subsets based on vessel movement and distance between them in the case of a close-quarters situation. The paper examines in detail the process of vessel evasive action in a close-quarters situation with a target vessel using computer simulation models in various initial conditions to choose the most optimal safe vessel passing strategy. The paper discusses the peculiarity of choosing possible safe vessel passing strategies. The paper examines different types of vessel return courses to the programmed course, depending on the situation of close-quarters situation with a target vessel, using computer simulation models. The paper determines possible risks and hazards that arise when returning the vessel to the given course during the safe vessel passing process with a target vessel. The paper presents examples of typical vessel passing situations with a target vessel at short distances using computer simulation models, including the circling maneuver of a vessel during passing with another vessel and overtaking maneuver of one vessel by another. Keywords: safety of navigation, prevention of collision of vessels, passing of vessels by evasion, the maneuver of returning the vessel to the programmed track.
A manifesto against property
Authors: Salemink Oscar , Hylland Eriksen Thomas
Published: October 2023

The term polycrisis, coined by Edgar Morin at the turn of the millennium (Morin and Kern 1999), has been picked up by a handful of commentators recently, and it was also recently the topic of a special issue of Anthropology Today (Henig and Knight 2023, see also Kalb 2023). Ranging from biodiversity loss and climate change to mounting inequalities both globally and domestically, a widespread sense of powerlessness spreads even in countries considered democratic, often feeding conspirators, ethnonationalists, right-wing populists and others who promise simple answers to complex questions.
Theorizing peripheral labor
Authors: Cowan Tom , Campbell Stephen , Kalb Don
Published: October 2023

Critical scholarship on twenty-first century capitalist development has called attention to certain structural limits on employment growth. Large populations excluded from formal employment are seen to eke out a precarious subsistence in informal economies, seemingly “surplus” to the needs of capital. This article, by contrast, aims to recast labor in the “peripheries,” not as an externalized quantity redundant to emerging economic formations, but rather as integral if often hidden features of capitalist value extraction. Rethinking, in this way, “surplus populations,” we argue for particular attention to the heterogeneity of contemporary capitalist labor arrangements and to associated patterns of ideological devaluation, which underpin capitalist markets in the South and East as well as in peripheralized spaces in the North and West.
Land and ocean grabs and the relative surplus population in Ghana
Authors: Ayelazuno Jasper Abembia
Published: October 2023

Situated in the context of the land and ocean grabs in Ghana post-2007–2008 global economic crises, this article argues that the country is experiencing “primitive accumulation” without capitalist industrialization. I draw on the insights of agrarian political economy to argue that this has created cheap laborers without industrial capital to exploit. The corollary of this is the creation of additional “relative surplus population”, worsening the country's (un)employment crisis. However, this “relative surplus population” is not marginal to global capitalist accumulation and exploitation; on the contrary, it is important to them. The article draws on ethnographic fieldwork in Ghanaian communities to document the voices of the dispossessed and semi-proletarianized about their experiences with the crisis of (re)production inflicted on them by global capitalism.
Re/visiting
Authors: Bourcheix-Laporte Mariane , Siriwanij Sasapin
Published: October 2023

In the summer of 2023, I received a surprising proposition from TURBA's managing editor, Dena Davida, inviting me to republish the chapter I contributed to the 2019 Curating Live Arts anthology (Davida et al. 2019) and reframe it in the context of the present issue. I accepted with enthusiasm, enticed by the opportunity to revisit an earlier piece of writing and understanding that such a privilege rarely presents itself to writers, let alone to early career writers! But as I gave the proposition more thought, I realized that it fittingly presented itself ten years after the inception of the curatorial project I discussed in my original text, Collective Walks / Spaces of Contestation. The exercise then provides an incentive to critically reflect on what has happened in the last decade, from both personal and socio-political perspectives. And indeed, there is much to take stock of. Re-reading my article, I am struck by the naiveté that transpires through the ideas I devised at the age of twenty- five, when I was taking my first leaps into the world of professional arts curation. Enamored with theory, unencumbered by convention, and moved by boundless energy, my younger self thought of artistic practice as a prism through which aesthetics can effectively mold the social. I wasn't so naïve as to believe that art can change the world, but I was convinced that the radical power of art lay in its capacity to disrupt, if only momentarily, the seemingly natural order of things. I thought of site-specific performance as a means to breach the surface of banal sociability. I conceived of aesthetic interventions into everyday life as tools for the creation of interstitial pockets of possibility.
Vantage Points
Authors: Muscatello Mariagrazia , Touré Ndèye Mané , Venturi Francesco , Ross Nicholson Benjamin , Krastin Gavin , Rajeh Omar , Hajimohammad Saman , Tupajić Tea
Published: October 2023

A distinctive trait of the Chilean art scene, its insular condition came about as a consequence of the 1973 coup d’état, which interrupted foreign relations for a long time. The situation is only now being reversed, with local artistic production still being restricted to a homegrown market and audiences. Within this national circuit of the arts, almost entirely centered in the city of Santiago, artistic work is mostly limited to the activity of graduates and faculty from metropolitan universities, such as the Universidad de Chile and the Universidad Católica. The trend is now being reversed thanks to recent social events, primarily the 2019 uprisings or the increased market value of lithium, which put Chile back at the center of the global geopolitical agenda. In addition, a shift in media attention toward the art of indigenous peoples, which peaked in 2022, with examples such as the Venice Biennale, has allowed artists like Cecilia Vicuña, active since the seventies, to enter the so-called star system of art.
Factors Influencing open unemployment rates: a spatial regression analysis
Authors: Purwaningsih Tuti , Inderanata Rochmad Novian , Pradana Sendhyka Cakra , Snani Aissa , Sulaiman Sarina
Published: October 2023

The present study employed spatial regression analysis as a methodological approach to get insights into the unemployment rates across Indonesian provinces in the year 2016. The official website of the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BPS) offers secondary data pertaining to several socio-economic indicators, including the Total Open Unemployment Rate, Economic Growth Rate, Human Development Index, Severity of Poverty Index, and School Participation Rates. The investigation employed the Geoda software package and encompassed Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) regression, Dependency/Correlation investigation, and Spatial Autoregressive Model. The data presented in the study revealed the existence of three distinct provincial groupings characterized by varying levels of unemployment rates. In the context of unemployment variance, the traditional regression model accounted for 30 percent of the observed variation. However, the spatial regression model used spatial dependencies to enhance accuracy in capturing the phenomenon. The aforementioned findings have the potential to assist policymakers in formulating strategies to address unemployment in regions characterized by distinct spatial attributes, hence offering a potential blueprint for other nations.
Dracorhodin Content and Selected Bioactivities of Calamus ruber’ Dragon Blood Resin from Different Drying Conditions
Authors: Yuniarti Karnita
Published: October 2023

Dragon blood resin from the fruit barks of Calamus ruber contains a bioactive compound, dracorhodin, that has many medicinal benefits. The study aimed to investigate the effects of different drying methods on dracorhodin content, cytotoxicity and antioxidant activities of the resin. Hot-air and hot-steam-air drying at 55°C and 60°C were employed in this study. Resin dried with the hot-steam-air drying at 55° was most toxic to Artemia salina (LC50 of 430.61 ppm). Resin dried with hot-steam-air drying at 60°C contained the highest dracorhodin content (4.34%) and was the best at scavenging DPPH• (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) (IC50 of 32.73 ppm), cupric ion (TEAC of 63.15 ppm) and ferric ion (TEAC of 8.73 ppm). Resin from the hot-air-drying at 55°C was the best at scavenging ABTS•+ (2,2’-azino-bis (3- ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid)) (TEAC of 469.72 ppm). Drying method and temperature affected the dracorhodin content and IC50 of the resin, respectively.
Przestępstwo uchylania się od wykonania środka kompensacyjnego (art. 244c Kodeksu karnego) – ocena zasadności wprowadzenia regulacji
Authors: Pilarczyk Łukasz
Published: October 2023

The purpose of this article was to assess the legitimacy of introducing Article 244c into the Criminal Code. It provides for the possibility of punishing a person who evades to fulfill of a compensatory measure in the form of a duty to redress damage or make restitution, ordered by the court in favour of the wronged party, for a crime prosecuted by public indictment. The regulation was analysed using the formal-dogmatic method, in order to verify whether the introduced provision is consistent with other solutions of criminal law and whether it does not contain any constructional errors. As a result of this analysis, it was concluded that this regulation cannot be reconciled with the nature of redress damage as a compensatory measure. Overly far-reaching penalisation has led to excessive differentiation of the effects of imposing the duty to redress damage on the perpetrator as a compensatory measure and as an effect of allowing a civil action and has led to many systemic inconsistencies related to the imposition of the duty to redress damage in criminal law. The regulation itself, on the other hand, is not very precise and does not properly define when the offender’s fulfilment of the elements of this criminal act occurs, which is its fundamental error.
Responsibility of local government entities related to the implementation of the budget formulation and execution process – selected issues
Authors: Mikos-Sitek Agnieszka
Published: October 2023

The functioning of the local government in the state, finding its foundations in the decentralisation process, is related to the allocation of specific tasks to it and, as a consequence, to a relevant share in public revenues. Equipping local government units with financial resources is in fact an important element ensuring their ability to perform the entrusted public tasks, while running their own financial management allows for independent decisions on the manner of management of the entrusted public resources. Independent financial management relates to the adoption of a budget resolution on an annual basis, which is its basis, and with a specific procedure for budget execution. The granting of certain competences (public tasks), revenue authority and the attribute of independent running of the financial economy is connected to a specific mode of responsibility of local government units, which, like responsibility in financial law in general, is a complex issue and is characterised by a variety of applied sanctions and legal regulations. The sanctions applicable in this case – depending on the entity concerned – are primarily systemic financial law sanctions, administrative sanctions, sanctions for breach of public finance discipline, but also criminal sanctions, fiscal criminal sanctions and civil sanctions.
W kwestii propozycji nowelizacji art. 60 Kodeksu karnego
Authors: Kmąk Krzysztof
Published: October 2023

The article contains comments by Łukasz Pohl on proposed amendments to Article 60 of the Penal Code. The author disagrees with the statement that the premises of Article 60 paragraphs 1 and 2 of the Penal Code are different. In both cases, the premise for considering extraordinary mitigation of penalty is the court’s finding that the mildest punishment for the crime is disproportionately severe. This obsolesces the need for the proposed amendment.
Sprawa J.Ż. w związku ze znieważeniem Prezydenta Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej. Glosa do wyroku Sądu Apelacyjnego w Warszawie z 30.09.2022 r., II AKa 110/22
Authors: Chlebowicz Piotr
Published: October 2023

The subject of the commentary is the discontinuation of criminal proceedings conducted for insulting the President of the Republic of Poland. The author took a critical stance towards the judgment of the Court of Appeal in Warsaw of 30 September 2022, assessing that the commented judgment negated the injured party’s right to protection of personal dignity. Interpretation of Article 135 paragraph 2 of the Penal Code, in the context of the convention standards, should not lead to the conclusion that freedom of expression is absolute and unlimited.
Department of Physical Chemistry in M.V. Lomonosov Institute of Fine Chemical Technologies at the RTU MIREA: From the beginning to the present
Authors: Grashkina A. V. , Flid V. R.
Published: October 2023

Objectives. To review the prerequisites for the origin of physical chemistry at the turn of the 19th–20th centuries and to evaluate the contribution of the Department of Physical Chemistry at the M.V. Lomonosov Institute of Fine Chemical Technologies in the development of the main areas of chemical science.

Results. The study considers the historical retrospective of the appearance of the Department of Physical Chemistry at the beginning of the 20th century. The main areas of scientific activity over the past 120 years are shown.

Conclusions. The Department of Physical Chemistry has made a significant contribution to the formation of physical and chemical knowledge among specialists in wide areas of chemical science and chemical technology. The Department of Physical Chemistry through its pedagogical and scientific activities maintains and expands the areas development, based on the unity of theory and practice, established by its founders. The decisive role of fundamental research in the development of new technologies is also shown.
Structure of 2-nitro-2’-hydroxy-5’-methylazobenzene: Theoretical and spectroscopic study
Authors: Fedorova A. A. , Lefedova O. V. , Shlykov S. A.
Published: October 2023

Objectives. 2-Hydroxy-nitroazobenzenes comprise reagents for the synthesis of heteroaromatic compounds, in the molecules of which the benzene and azole cycles are annulated. These reagents are widely used in the production of chemical products for various industries. In particular, 2-2’-hydroxy-5’-methylphenylbenzotriazole is used as an effective photo stabilizer for polystyrene and polyethylene. A promising method for its preparation is the liquid-phase catalytic hydrogenation of 2-nitro-2'-hydroxy-5'-methylazobenzene (2NAB). The aim of the present study was to establish the structure of 2NAB in solutions of different composition.

Methods. Theoretical calculations were carried out within the framework of the density functional theory at a temperature of 298.15 K for the gas phase at B3LYP/6-311++G(d, p) and M06-2X/6-311++G(d, p) levels; for hexane, 2-propanol, toluene at B3LYP/6-311++G(d, p) level using the conductor-like polarizable continuum model. An experimental study to determine the probable isomeric structure of 2NAB in various solvents, including sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and acetic acid (CH3COOH) additives, was carried out using infrared (IR) and ultraviolet (UV) spectroscopy.

Results. The most probable structure of 2NAB isomers for the gas phase and a number of solvents was determined. Experimental and theoretical IR and UV spectra were obtained. The thermodynamic characteristics of the reaction of intramolecular proton transfer from –OH to –N=N– group in the gas phase were calculated.

Conclusions. A comparison of the experimental and calculated results supports the conclusion that the cis-isomer should be considered most probable for the gas phase. For the studied solutions, a trans-isomer of 2NAB with hydrogen bonds formed between the hydroxyl group hydrogen and the β-nitrogen atom of the azo group of dye molecule should be considered as the most likely structure. In the studied individual and binary solvents, prototropic equilibrium is shifted towards the azo form of the dye, while intramolecular proton transfer is possible only in aqueous diethylamine and dimethylformamide solutions with additions of NaOH.
Analisis Prinsip Belajar Matematika Materi Translasi Titik di SMA Muhammadiyah 1 Jombang Kelas XI IPS
Authors: Salsabila Silvana Zahra , Salsabilla Adelia , Sari Dewi Fajar Nur Kumala , Rohman Mohammad Syafiqur , Iffah Jauhara Dian Nurul
Published: October 2023

Pendidikan di Indonesia tidak dapat lepas dari peran seorang guru, selain bertugas untuk mentransfer ilmu juga bertugas untuk membentuk karakter siswa agar dapat dikatakan layak menjadi penerus masa depan. Mutu di bidang pendidikan mengacu pada proses dan hasil pendidikan itu sendiri. Proses pendidikan melibatkan berbagai input, berupa bahan ajar, metodologi, sarana, dan prasarana, dukungan administrasi, lingkungan kondusif. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan prinsip belajar dalam materi transformasi geometri. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian kualitatif untuk mengamati prinsip pembelajaran materi translasi titik di SMA Muhammadiyah 1 Jombang. Dalam Penelitian ini instrumen yang digunakan adalah lembar observasi dan pedoman wawancara Subyek pada penelitian ini adalah guru matematika SMA Muhammadiyah 1 Jombang. Hasil penelitian ini adalah penerapan prinsip pembelajaran dimana guru telah memberi perhatian dan motivasi kepada siswa sehingga muncul keaktifan pada saat proses pembelajaran. Hal ini dibuktikan oleh keterlibatan langsung siswa di dalam kelas seperti kemauan belajar, bertanya dan menjawab soal. Selain itu, guru juga terlihat memberikan pengulangan dan tantangan kepada siswa yang kemudian di akhiri dengan balikan dan penguatan yang akan menjadi akhir dari proses pembelajaran di SMA Muhammadiyah 1 Jombang.
Eksplorasi Etnomatematika pada Tradisi Masyarakat Jawa “Jenang Sengkolo” di Jember
Authors: Lutfiyah  , Anditha Dimas , Nurfarida Eva
Published: October 2023

Penelitian ini menggunakan jenis penelitian kualitatif dengan pendekatan etnografi. Adapun tujuan penelitian ini ialah untuk mengeksplorasi etnomatematika pada tradisi masyarakat Jawa di Jember. Tradisi tersebut berupa tradisi jenang sengkolo. Subjek dari penelitian ini terdiri dari dua subjek ahli. Teknik pengumpulan data yang dilakukan dengan melakukan observasi dan wawancara. Hasil   observasi   dan   wawancara   kemudian   ditranskrip. Selanjutnya  data  yang  diperoleh  di  triangulasi.  Kemudian  data yang valid dianalisis untuk memperoleh kesimpulan. Pada tradisi jenang sengkolo, hasil analisis data menunjukkan bahwa tidak ada aspek etnomatematika dalam bentuk wadah takir yang digunakan. Namun, terdapat aspek etnomatematika pada posisi penempatan bubur di persimpangan jalan tempat para pengendara dari berbagai arah bertemu. Bubur ditempatkan di persimpangan jalan dengan pemilihan hari dan jam yang menghasilkan bilangan ganjil.
SLR: Kesalahan Siswa dalam Memecahkan Masalah Geometri Berdasarkan Teori Newman
Authors: Aritonang Tiolina Delarosa , Pujiastuti Heni
Published: October 2023

Geometri merupakan salah satu cabang penting dalam matematika yang perlu dipelajari oleh siswa, karena dapat membantu mengembangkan keterampilan dalam pemecahan masalah. Namun, masih terdapat kesalahan yang sering terjadi dalam menyelesaikan masalah terkait geometri, khususnya pada topik bangun ruang sisi datar. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melakukan kajian literatur terkait kesalahan siswa dalam menyelesaikan soal pada topik tersebut. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah Systematic Literature Review (SLR). Data dikumpulkan dengan mendokumentasikan dan mereview 43 artikel yang terindeks secara nasional, kemudian artikel-artikel tersebut dikelompokkan ke dalam beberapa kategori. Dari hasil penelitian, terdapat 13 artikel yang membahas mengenai kesalahan siswa dalam menyelesaikan masalah pada topik bangun ruang sisi datar. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, ditemukan bahwa masih terdapat kesalahan yang sering dilakukan oleh siswa dalam menyelesaikan masalah terkait bangun ruang sisi datar. Jenis kesalahan yang paling umum adalah Comprehension Error, Transformation Error, dan Encoding Error. Kesalahan tersebut disebabkan oleh kurangnya pemahaman konsep, pemilihan rumus yang tidak tepat, dan kurangnya kebiasaan siswa dalam menyimpulkan hasil masalah geometri.
Hubungan Self-Concept Matematis dengan Kemampuan Penalaran Adaptif Matematis Siswa
Authors: Rahmah Alifia , Lestari Karunia Eka
Published: October 2023

Penelitian ini ditujukan untuk memberikan gambaran mengenai hubungan kemampuan self-concept matematis dengan kemampuan penalaran adaptif matematis siswa. Subjek penelitian terdiri dari 63 siswa kelas XI di SMAN 1 Telukjambe Timur di Karawang. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian korelasional melalui pendekatan kuantitatif. Data diperoleh melalui instrumen tes berupa soal matematika sebanyak lima butir soal dan instrumen angket yang terdiri atas 18 butir pernyataan. Penelitian ini menggunakan teknik analisis data uji korelasi Kendall’s Tau yang bertujuan mencari hubungan linier antar variabel. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat hubungan yang positif dan signifikan antara self-concept matematis dengan kemampuan penalaran adaptif siswa. Nilai koefisien korelasi diperoleh sebesar 0,544 yang menujukan keeratan hubungan yang kuat dan mengidentifikasi semakin tinggi self-concept siswa maka semakin tinggi pula kemampuan penalaran adaptif siswa, begitu pula sebaliknya.
Pengaruh Penggunaan Media Palintarmatika terhadap Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar Siswa
Authors: Crismono Prima
Published: October 2023

Siswa dapat memahami pelajaran yang diajarkan oleh guru apabila digunakan sumber belajar yang tepat. Salah satu cara yang seharusnya dilakukan guru untuk dapat mendidik siswanya adalah dengan menggunakan alat pendidikan yang lebih beragam dan memberikan pelajaran yang bermakna lebih dalam dan terarah. Karena pembelajaran yang hanya mengandalkan pendengaran mempunyai sejumlah keterbatasan, maka dengan menggunakan media pembelajaran yang tepat dan bervariasi dapat menghasilkan pembelajaran yang baik dan memungkinkan proses pembelajaran berjalan dengan baik. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian quasi eksperimen, dan metode yang digunakan adalah metode penelitian kuantitatif. Pendekatan pembelajaran yang digunakan adalah permainan dengan menggunakan papan angka. Untuk pengajaran matematika akan digunakan pendekatan berbasis permainan. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dapat dikatakan bahwa penggunaan media papan perkalian sebagai sumber pengajaran topik matematika telah meningkatkan aktivitas belajar siswa. Peningkatan ini disebabkan karena pada awalnya siswa cenderung kurang aktif di kelas karena bosan dan bosan dengan ceramah guru yang monoton tanpa adanya materi pendukung. Untuk membuat siswa lebih senang dan bersemangat dalam belajar, salah satu alternatifnya adalah dengan menggunakan media papan perkalian.
Активно-пасивний імпульсно-шумовий радар діапазону 3мм та результати його попередніх випробувань
Authors: Ruzhentsev Nikolay , Gribsky Oleg , Maltsev Sergey , Shevchuk Sergey , Pavlikov Vladimir , Cherepnin Gleb , Zhyla Simeon , Tserne Eduard
Published: October 2023

The subject of this manuscript is broadband noise signals and systems. The aim of this research is to show the results of a modern active-passive 3-mm waveband system consisting of a noise-pulsed radar and a radiometer. Noise radar systems (NRS) based on broadband signals are characterized by high resolution, accuracy, and information content when performing unambiguous measurements of the range and speed of targets, as well as increased electromagnetic compatibility and noise immunity. These distinctive features of NRS determine the relevance of their construction for practical tasks of short- and medium-range radar. Additional opportunities for ensuring secrecy, reliability of detection of objects, and their tracking are provided by the combination of active and passive location modes in conjunction with advancement to the short-wave part of the millimeter (MM) wave band (WB). The most important characteristic of any pulsed radar, which largely determines its potential for practical application, is the operating frequency, as well as the shape and width of the probing signal spectrum. The main idea of this work is to describe the construction scheme and the results of preliminary tests of the developed active-passive system in the 94 GHz band with a noisy 20–100 ns illumination pulse in the 5 GHz band. The obtained values of the energy potential of the system in the active location mode (-105 dB) and the achieved radiometer sensitivities in the passive mode (0.007K and 0.03K) make it possible to observe ground and air objects at a distance of several kilometres. Noted that the measured parameters of the radar, in the case of processing the received signal by pulse compression methods, make it possible to count on ensuring the resolution of targets in range at the level of 10-15 cm. A multiple (more than an order of magnitude) decrease in the interference fluctuations of the received signal, which is due to the facet nature of the backscattering of targets, has experimentally demonstrated using a noise probing pulse compared to a single-frequency pulse. The methods for further work on the development and practical application of the constructed measuring system are outlined.
Application of continuous wavelet transform and support vector machine for autism spectrum disorder electroencephalography signal classification
Authors: Melinda Melinda , Juwono Filbert H. , Enriko I Ketut Agung , Oktiana Maulisa , Mulyani Siti , Saddami Khairun
Published: October 2023

The article’s subject matter is to classify Electroencephalography (EEG) signals in Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) sufferers. The goal is to develop a classification model using Machine Learning (ML) algorithms that are often implemented in Brain-Computer Interfaces (BCI) technology. The tasks to be solved are as follows: pre-processing the EEG dataset signal to separate the source signal from the noise/artifact signal to produce an observation signal that is free of noise/artifact; obtaining an effective feature comparison to be used as an attribute at the classification stage; and developing a more optimal classification method for detecting people with ASD through EEG signals. The methods used are: one of the wavelet techniques, namely the Continuous Wavelet Transform (CWT), which is a technique for decomposing time-frequency signals. CWT began to be used in EEG signals because it can describe signals in great detail in the time-frequency domain. EEG signals are classified into two scenarios: classification of CWT coefficients and classification of statistical features (mean, standard deviation, skewness, and kurtosis) of CWT. The method used for classifying this research uses ML, which is currently very developed in signal processing. One of the best ML methods is Support Vector Machine (SVM). SVM is an effective super-vised learning method to separate data into different classes by finding the hyper-plane with the largest margin among the observed data. The following results were obtained: the application of CWT and SVM resulted in the best classification based on CWT coefficients and obtained an accuracy of 95% higher than the statistical feature-based classification of CWT, which obtained an accuracy of 65%. Conclusions. The scientific contributions of the results obtained are as follows: 1) EEG signal processing is performed in ASD children using feature extraction with CWT and classification with SVM; 2) the combination of these signal classification methods can improve system performance in ASD EEG signal classification; 3) the implementation of this research can later assist in detecting ASD EEG signals based on brain wave characteristics.
BPG-based compression analysis of Poisson-noisy medical images
Authors: Naumenko Victoriia , Kovalenko Bogdan , Lukin Volodymyr
Published: October 2023

The subject matter is lossy compression using the BPG encoder for medical images with varying levels of visual complexity, which are corrupted by Poisson noise. The goal of this study is to determine the optimal parameters for image compression and select the most suitable metric for identifying the optimal operational point. The tasks addressed include: selecting test images sized 512x512 in grayscale with varying degrees of visual complexity, encompassing visually intricate images rich in edges and textures, moderately complex images with edges and textures adjacent to homogeneous regions, and visually simple images primarily composed of homogeneous regions; establishing image quality evaluation metrics and assessing their performance across different encoder compression parameters; choosing one or multiple metrics that distinctly identify the position of the optimal operational point; and providing recommendations based on the attained results regarding the compression of medical images corrupted by Poisson noise using a BPG encoder, with the aim of maximizing the restored image’s quality resemblance to the original. The employed methods encompass image quality assessment techniques employing MSE, PSNR, MSSIM, and PSNR-HVS-M metrics, as well as software modeling in Python without using the built-in Poisson noise generator. The ensuing results indicate that optimal operational points (OOP) can be discerned for all these metrics when the compressed image quality surpasses that of the corresponding original image, accompanied by a sufficiently high compression ratio. Moreover, striking a suitable balance between the compression ratio and image quality leads to partial noise reduction without introducing notable distortions in the compressed image. This study underscores the significance of employing appropriate metrics for evaluating the quality of compressed medical images and provides insights into determining the compression parameter Q to attain the BPG encoder’s optimal operational point for specific images. Conclusions. The scientific novelty of the findings encompasses the following: 1) the capability of all metrics to determine the OOP for images of moderate visual complexity or those dominated by homogeneous areas; MSE and PSNR metrics demonstrating superior results for images rich in textures and edges; 2) the research highlights the dependency of Q in the OOP on the average image intensity, which can be reasonably established for a given image earmarked for compression based on our outcomes. The compression ratios for images compressed at the OOP are sufficiently high, further substantiating the rationale for compressing images in close proximity to the OOP.
New method for video stream brightness stabilization: algorithms and performance evaluation
Authors: Bilozerskyi Vladyslav , Dergachov Kostyantyn , Krasnov Leonid , Zymovin Anatolii , Popov Anatoliy
Published: October 2023

Subject of study. In this paper, for the first time, an original method for estimating the change in the brightness of video data under the influence of changes in the lighting conditions of the scene and external noise is proposed. Algorithms for stabilizing the brightness of video data are also proposed. An objective assessment of the quality of video data pre-processed is given. The purpose of the research is to create a methodology for analyzing the variability of video data parameters under the influence of negative factors and to develop effective algorithms for stabilizing the parameters of the received video stream. The reliability of the method is tested using real video recordings pictured through various conditions. Objectives: To determine the most universal, resistant to external influences, and informative indicator necessary for an objective assessment of the quality of video data under various shooting conditions and scene lighting features; develop and programmatically implement algorithms for stabilizing video parameters based on modern programming tools. Research methods. Statistical analysis and pre-processing of video stream parameters as a random spatio-temporal process, algorithms for processing video data by digital filtering, and adaptive stabilization of video stream parameters. Research results. It has been proposed and experimentally proven that the optimal indicator of video stream quality is the average frame brightness (AFB). An algorithm for spatiotemporal processing of video data is proposed that generates a sequence of AFB values from the original video stream. The paper also proposes digital algorithms for filtering and stabilizing the brightness of a video stream and investigates the effectiveness of their application. Conclusions. The scientific novelty of the results obtained lies in a new method for analyzing and evaluating the parameters of video surveillance data and algorithms for filtering and stabilizing the brightness of the video stream. The performance of the proposed algorithms has been tested on real data. The algorithms are implemented in the Python software environment using the functions of the OpenCV library.
The influence of S-boxes on the arrival of the cipher to the state of random substitution
Authors: Lysytska Iryna , Lysytskyi Kostiantyn , Nariezhnii Oleksii , Hrinenko Tetiana
Published: October 2023

The subject of this study is the process of developing block symmetric ciphers with improved cryptographic stability indicators for solving the problems of information protection in information and communication systems. The goal of this study is to develop a mathematical model of the optimal s-box design (non-linear substitution block) for modern block symmetric ciphers. Task: to show that the stability of block symmetric ciphers does not significantly depend on the indicators of the s-boxes included in these ciphers; to justify their use without reducing the stability of random substitutions as s-box constructions of modern block symmetric ciphers; and to prove the futility of searching for s-boxes with special properties. The methods used are: methods of probability theory; mathematical statistics; combinatorics and system analysis; methods of statistical tests; and methods of Boolean algebra. The following results were obtained. In modern ciphers, nonlinear substitution transformations are used as S-boxes (in most ciphers, byte substitutions are used). S-boxes perform the main function of encryption transformation - mixing of text bits. Dynamic indicators of the arrival of the cipher in the state of random substitution depend on their effectiveness. The presented results confirm that the indicators of cipher stability do not significantly depend on the indicators of the S-boxes included in the ciphers. It is not the individual properties of substitutions, but the results of their sequential interactions decisive for achieving stability indicators. It is shown that the fee for encryption is chosen to be three to four times greater than the depth of the avalanche effect - the minimum number of cycles of the cipher’s arrival to the state of random substitution) is hardly noticeable. Conclusions. The scientific novelty of the obtained results is as follows. This work represents a generalization of the transition to the use of random permutations as S-boxes is an increase of only one cycle in the number of cycles of the arrival of the cipher to the state of random permutations, and this is hardly noticeable against the background of the stability margin used in modern ciphers. The result of this generalization is a scientific statement that can be described as follows: random S-boxes can be used in all known modern ciphers without reducing stability. That is, the task of finding S-boxes with special properties loses any meaning, which means that the scientific direction related to the search for S-boxes with special properties becomes redundant.
Influence of the number system in residual classes on the fault tolerance of the computer system
Authors: Yanko Alina , Krasnobayev Viktor , Martynenko Anatolii
Published: October 2023

The concept of increasing the fault tolerance of a computer system (CS) by using the existing natural redundancy, which depends on the number of systems used, is considered. The subject of this article is the methods and means of increasing the fault tolerance of CS and components based on the use of a non-positional number system in residual classes. It is shown that the use of the system of residual classes (SRC) as a number system ensures the fault-tolerant functioning of the real-time CS. This study considers a fault-tolerant CS operating in the SRC. The aim of this research is to show the influence of the non-positional number system in the SRC on the possibility of organizing the fault-tolerant functioning of a computer system. The object of this research is the process of fault-tolerant functioning of the CS in the SRC.  This article provides an example of the operation of a fault-tolerant CS in the SRC given by a set of specific bases. The fault tolerance of CS in the SRC is ensured by the use of the basic qualities of the SRC by the method of active fault tolerance by using the procedure of gradual degradation. The level of fault tolerance of CS in the SRC in the example given in the article is achieved by reducing the accuracy of the calculations. This article considers two levels of degradation. Variants of algorithms for operating fault-tolerant CS in the SRC in the modes of replacement and gradual degradation are presented. Methods of system analysis, number theory, theory of computing processes and systems, and coding theory in the SRC were the basis of the conducted research. The results of the analysis of the specific example of the functioning of CS in the SRC given in the article, specified by four information and one control bases, showed the effectiveness of using non-positional code structures to ensure fault-tolerant operation. Conclusions. This article discusses the concept of increasing fault tolerance based on the use of the existing primary redundancy contained in the CS, due to the use of the basic properties of the non-positional number system in residual classes.
Structural models of Mealy finite state machines detecting faults in control systems
Authors: Salauyou Valery
Published: October 2023

The subject matter of this article is a control system for unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) whose mathematical model is a finite state machine (FSM). The goal is to develop FSM structural models that enable (1) detection of multiple faults of FSM elements caused by an electromagnetic pulse or laser beam, and (2) prevent negative impacts on the controlled object. The tasks to be solved are as follows: to develop FSM structural models to detect invalid input vector X for the whole FSM and in each state, to detect invalid output vector Y for the whole FSM, at each transition and in each state, invalid code of the present (current) state, invalid code of the next state, and invalid transition between states; to determine the possible causes of the faults, which can be the failure in the logic Φ of forming the code of the next state, the invalid input vector X, the failure in the feedback circuit, the failure in the logic Ψ of forming the output vector, the failure in the state register R, the failure in the wire between the FSM input and the input of the logic Ψ; development of a combined structural model for the detection of all listed faults with a minimum number of additional combinational circuits, as well as a structural model that combines all additional combinational circuits. The methods used are: the theory of finite state machines, structural models of FSMs, state encoding methods of FSMs, representation methods of FSMs, and Verilog hardware description language. The following results were obtained: (1) the Mealy FSM structural models were developed to detect all the above mentioned faults, (2) the combined FSM structural models were developed, and (3) the possible causes of faults detected by each FSM structural model were identified. Experimental studies have shown that for the presented FSM structural models, the area overhead averages 3-23%, for one-hot encoding of FSM states, and 2-8%, for binary encoding of FSM states. Conclusions. The scientific novelty of the obtained results consists in the following for the first time FSM faults that are not caused by radiation and cosmic rays but by an electromagnetic pulse affecting the control device are considered; the number of faults is not limited for the state codes as well as for the input and output vectors; the faults can be detected not only in the state register R but also in the input vector X, in the logic Φ of generating the next state code, in the logic Ψ of generating the output signals, and in the feedback circuit; the invalid transitions of FSMs and the transitions to invalid states are also detected; the proposed structural models not only detect FSM failures but also prevent their negative impact on the controlled object; combined structural models allow simultaneous detection of faults in all elements of the FSM. Future research will focus on developing structural models for correcting FSM failures.