bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A kimondott szavak súlya, avagy összefüggések a nyelv és az erkölcsi nevelés között magyar és német nyelvű példák alapján
Authors:   Ferenc Rákóczi II Transcarpathian Hungarian College of Higher Education, Lechner Ilona , Huszti Ilona ,   Ferenc Rákóczi II Transcarpathian Hungarian College of Higher Education
Published: June 2024

In the public mind, morality is a religious, legal, philosophical and social category. We rarely talk openly about morality, yet our language reflects our concept of morality. The concept is crucial to our decisions in all areas of life, both in our linguistic and non-linguistic behaviour. According to the cognitive paradigm, a close relationship can be assumed between thinking and language: thinking is manifested in language, but language also affects the process of thinking itself. In exploring the links between language, thought and culture, Lakoff-Johnson (1999) introduced the notion of thinking relativism, which argues that different metaphor use causes differences in thinking. Based on this, the question arises as to whether representatives of various nations think differently about a concept - in our case, morality - and how this manifests itself in their language. Thinking about this further, how can culture-specific differences in language affect the conceptualisation process? In this study, we seek to answer these questions. The analysis draws on the concept of morality constructed by Lakoff (1996, 2002) and Lakoff-Johnson (1999), which describes the interpretative process of American society, but some parts of it can be said to be near-universal, and therefore can provide useful insights for the study of other languages. The formation of the concept of morality begins through family education and linguistic and non-linguistic interactions within the family. Lakoff (1996), examining Western political morality, concludes that there are basically two family models, and thus two different conceptions of morality. Conservatives are characterized by the strict father model, while liberals are characterized by the caring parent model. In both models, diverse concepts of morality enjoy priority and treat the concept of 'morality' differently. In the course of our research, we mainly examined metaphorical conceptualization on the basis of Hungarian and German examples of living language, comparing them with the conceptions of morality constructed on the basis of English examples. We have found that the linguistic examples we have examined do not provide a complete metaphor system as outlined by Lakoff (ibid.), but certain elements of it clearly exemplify the similarities and differences between the family morals found in the two languages.
Köszöntő kötet a Magyar Nyelvőr alapításának 150. évfordulójára
Authors:   Ferenc Rákóczi II Transcarpathian Hungarian College of Higher Education, Csernicskó István ,   University of Pannonia
Published: June 2024

Száz esztendővel ezelőtt, 1872. január 15-én jelent meg a Magyar Nyelvőr első füzete. Egy évszázad számottevő idő egy nemzet történetében is, még inkább az egy tudományos folyóirat életében. A könyvismertetés a magyar nyelvészet egyik legjelentősebb folyóirata, a Magyar Nyelvőr alapításának 150. évfordulójára készült ünnepi tanulmánykötetet mutatja be szakmai szemmel.
Legyünk kíváncsiak anyanyelvünkre is!
Authors:   Ferenc Rákóczi II Transcarpathian Hungarian College of Higher Education, Beregszászi Anikó , Dudics Lakatos Katalin ,   Ferenc Rákóczi II Transcarpathian Hungarian College of Higher Education
Published: June 2024

A közlemény az alábbi kiadványról készített ismertetés: Módszertani segédkönyv a magyartanárszakos hallgatók számára Nyitra: Nyitrai Konstantin Filozófus Egyetem, 2023. 170. o.
Своєрідна багатомовність на банкнотах Австро-угорської Монархії
Authors:   Ferenc Rákóczi II Transcarpathian Hungarian College of Higher Education, Beregszászi Anikó , Csernicskó István ,   Ferenc Rákóczi II Transcarpathian Hungarian College of Higher Education,   University of Pannonia
Published: June 2024

The topic of research devoted to the linguistic landscape is gradually expanding, so the concept itself is constantly acquiring new interpretations. The article considers banknotes as elements of the linguistic landscape, and the linguistic landscape as a reflection of language policy, its peculiar public expression. The issuance of banknotes is strictly regulated by the state, while controlling not only the shape, color, decorative elements, denominations and security elements of the banknotes, but also the symbols and languages that appear on them. Along with portraits of historical figures, images related to the culture and historical past of a certain nation, the presence (or absence) of languages on banknotes is also an element of symbolic politics and a part of revealing the language policy of a certain state. The publication examines the languages that were represented in the inscriptions of various series of banknotes issued in the dualistic Austro-Hungarian Monarchy between 1900 and 1919. The article analyzes the reasons for the appearance of different languages on banknotes of the specified period. Based on the languages depicted on the banknotes, it is shown that the two main parts of the federal state of Austria-Hungary pursued different language policies. The article highlights that, according to the concept of dualism, the German language dominated on one side of the Austro-Hungarian banknotes, and the Hungarian language on the other. On the front side, along with the most important information, which was provided only in German, the denomination of the banknote was indicated in the languages of several nations of the Austro-Hungarian Monarchy. The reverse side was purely monolingual – Hungarian. Therefore, the denomination was indicated on the banknote in a total of ten languages: German, Czech, Croatian, Polish, Italian, Romanian, Serbian, Slovenian, and also Ruthenian or Ukrainian. The article tries to find an answer to why the Czech, Croatian, Serbian, Polish, Italian, Romanian, Slovenian and Ukrainian (Ruthenian) languages were used on banknotes next to German, and why the reverse side of the banknotes remained monolingual (Hungarian). The authors concluded that even states that issue multilingual banknotes guarantee that the state language should be in a dominant position.
Alkaan Speil Game: Encouraging Higher-Order Thinking in Alkane Learning Material
Authors: Perdana Erlangga Yoga , Windayani Neneng , Irwansyah Ferli Septi
Published: June 2024

This research aims to describe and analyze the validation and feasibility of the Alkaan Speil game interface. The method used in this study is design-based research (DBR), which encompasses three stages: analysis, design, and development. The validation test results yielded a calculated r-value of 0.93, indicating a high level of validity. Furthermore, the feasibility test, which includes content and material aspects, software engineering, and audio-visuals, resulted in a percentage of 84.08%, suggesting that the Alkaan Speil game is effective as a learning tool for alkane material with a higher-order thinking approach. The findings of this research present significant implications for educational technology and pedagogy. The high validity score of 0.93 for the Alkaan Speil game underscores its robust design and affirms its potential as an innovative educational tool. The feasibility test results, with an impressive 84.08% score, further reinforce the game's effectiveness in facilitating higher-order thinking skills in the context of learning alkanes. This underlines the game's capacity to enhance understanding and engagement in chemistry education. While the current study was confined to the application's development phase, the implications extend to the need for comprehensive testing of the game's efficacy in a real-world educational setting. Future research should focus on deploying the game in classroom environments to empirically assess its impact on learning outcomes and student engagement, thereby contributing to the broader knowledge base of educational strategies in science teaching.
REAL-TIME STRUCTURAL HEALTH MONITORING SYSTEM USING IOT
Authors: A P Spandana , Shetty Sridevi , P Shravya , A Ashwini
Published: June 2024

Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) involves the ongoing surveillance of civil and industrial structures, aiming to enhance human safety and minimize maintenance expenses. Similarly, monitoring the machine and its parts is essential in industries. These can be achieved through IoT-based systems which are fast, compact, efficient, and reliable. Our objective revolves around developing an economical wireless device alongside data management software, designed for the purpose of monitoring the structural well-being of buildings, as well as machine health. This will be achieved through the utilization of remotely controlled sensors that are either embedded within or placed onto various components. These sensors will be responsible for measuring an array of critical parameters such as stresses, accelerations, and other relevant factors.
SCENARIO OF RURAL DEVELOPMENT IN TRIPURA: ITS PROBLEMS AND SOLUTIONS
Authors: Mandal Suman
Published: June 2024

Rural development of Tripura is a most important factor in the growth of Tripura. In this paper I have try to show the present Scenario of Rural Development in Tripura and its problems by solutions. The main objectives of the paper are showing about the real picture of rural development in Tripura and find out the problems of rural Tripura. This study is based on the small north-eastern state of Tripura. It is a small hilly state. The primary contributors in the rural business and economy are agriculture, handicrafts, fisheries, poultry, and diary etc. Rural development involves the economic betterment of the people as well as greater society. Various socio, economic, political and geographical problems are there in the state. The Government has take policies for development and integration of the region but in the end it is up to the local people to work hand in hand with the Governments to ensure growth of the region. We hope that in near future the rural places of Tripura will fulfill his target in the development of all sectors by solving the above mentioned problems
MICRO-FINANCE AND THE GENDER ISSUES
Authors: Choudhury Dr. Hedayatullah
Published: June 2024

One of the basic objectives of rural development in developing countries like India is alleviation of rural poverty. Definitely, this basic objective can be realized to a great extent through improvement in the socio-economic situation of the rural poor. Enhancement in the socio-economic conditions of the rural poor is possible if appropriate and effective sources of livelihood and employment or occupational opportunities are provided to them. It is in this context, microfinance as an intercession strategy can not only offer effective means of livelihood and employment opportunities to the rural poor but also act as a dominant tool for amelioration of their socio-economic situation. It may be noted here that women as single social category across the board constitute the bulk of the rural poor in several parts of the world. Hence, development in the socio-economic conditions of rural women will help bring actual end to rural poverty. By guaranteeing employment opportunities or sources of livelihood to different rural women, microfinance can not only develop their socio-economic lot but also ensure their economic independence and empowerment and encourage gender equality and overcome voicelessness and powerlessness of women in different spheres of rural life. Microfinance system as an effective intervention scheme can tremendously promote gender equality which in turn can lead to sustainable rural development. Promotion of gender equality has to be made in all the dimensions of rural development. Gender inequality stems from gender differences between men and women, extending from the biological features to the social characteristics. In this paper, some of these gender-sensitive and cultural issues related to microfinance system have been discussed so as to develop a conceptual perspective on gender issues in microfinance within the broader context of rural development.
CULTURE AND CHILD WITCH STIGMATIZATION IN UYO LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA, AKWA- IBOM STATE
Authors: Olomu Michael- , Oyintonyo Mr , Umoh Mr , Okon Iniobong , Assi Mr , Eyo Victor
Published: June 2024

This paper examined the cultural practices of the UYO people towards child witch stigmatization as well as the consequences on the child. Keywords were defined explicitly while labelling theory was adopted as a theoretical framework. Looking at culture as a determinant factor in promoting child witch stigmatization, primary and secondary data were used. However, the study applied a descriptive study design as a form of methodology. An In-depth study was conducted at the Divine Home Orphanage (a home for stigmatized children), in Uyo. An aggregate of 100 children were interviewed at the orphanage home, including one paramount ruler. Findings revealed that lots of children are stigmatized without considering the traits (restlessness, stubbornness and messy, etc.) associated with childhood for witchcraft even in this 21st century, children are abused emotionally, physically, psychologically, and socially all in the name of culture. The study concludes by providing Several recommendations amongst which is government intervenes through the hosting of public lectures, seminars, and reorientation of families, against omen of child witch stigmatization, expectant mothers should be trained on child behavioural patterns while victimized children be given utmost attention that will incorporate them into becoming better adults, children should also be educated more about their rights, as the stigmatization of any sort, is in violation of human rights
Aortic Arch Bare Metal Stenting in a 10-Years-Old Boy with DiGeorge Syndrome Using Overdrive External Pacing
Authors: Krasic Stasa , Dizdarevic Ivan , Ilić Jordanka , Ilic Nikola , Sarajlija Adrijan , Cehic Maja , Vukomanovic Vladislav ,   Pediatric cardiologist, Mother and Child Health Care Institute of Serbia  “Dr. Vukan Cupic”, R. Dakica St. 6-8, 11070 Belgrade, Serbia and Professor of Pediatrics, School of Medicine - University of Belgrade,   Serbian representative in AEPC, Phone: +381658405885, Fax: +381112697232
Published: June 2024

Introduction: In the last decade, percutaneous stent placement has become the standard for treating CoA after childhood. However, stent placement as a treatment for aortic arch hypoplasia has only been described in small series and case reports. Case Report: A nine-year-old boy with DiGeorge syndrome (BW 50 kg, BL 140 cm, BSA 1.4 m2) was admitted to our hospital due to planned heart catheterisation with aortic arch stenting. In the neonatal period, he underwent complete surgical correction of the IAA type B with perimembranous VSD. During the follow-up period, the progressive narrowing of the aortic arch was observed with gradually increasing systolic pressure gradient (PG) on the echocardiography examination (PG 55 mmHg). The cardiac catheterization was performed under general anaesthesia. The peak-to-peak gradient was estimated at 32 mmHg (AoAsc 128/78 mmHg; AoDsc 96/68 mmHg). Aortography pointed out tubular hypoplasia of the aortic arch between branches (17 mm in length) with localized narrowing right behind the first aortic branch, 6 mm in diameter, and post-stenotic dilatation. The stenosis was resolved using a 22mm long uncovered Cheatham Platinum (CP) stent crimped on a 12 mm Balloon-in-Balloon (BiB) catheter with additional flaring of the distal stent part (Figure 1B and C). During the stent implantation, an overdrive external pacemaker (wire was placed into the right ventricle anterograde across the right femoral vein) was used. Control angiography relieved satisfying anterograde flow across the aorta and aortic branches. The peak-to-peak gradient after stenting was 10 mmHg. Conclusion: Although technically challenging, carefully analyzing the arch and vessel morphology allows the dilation of the transverse aortic arch hypoplasia and stenosis using a bare metal stent with good angiographic and hemodynamic results and without complications.
Rolul social media în democrație, noul management public, și guvernanța electronică
Authors:   Romanian Academy, Sfetcu Nicolae
Published: June 2024

În peisajul contemporan al administrației publice, au avut loc schimbări semnificative, determinate de nevoia de eficiență, transparență și implicarea sporită a cetățenilor . Trei concepte esențiale încapsulează aceste schimbări: noul management public, guvernanța electronică, și rolul omniprezent al rețelelor sociale. Fiecare reprezintă o abordare transformatoare a guvernării, modelând colectiv un sector public mai receptiv și mai responsabil. Această carte explorează contribuțiile semnificative ale social media la modelele de guvernare democratică, realizarea principiilor noului management public și a guvernanței electronice. Analizează modul în care media electronică facilitează transparența, îmbunătățește responsabilitatea și implicarea cetățenilor, și încurajează guvernarea colaborativă, redefinind astfel modelele tradiționale de administrație publică.
Effectiveness of tendingpets application on working memory among adolescent in Phrae Province, Thailand : a quasi-experimental study
Authors:   , Detboon Phitchasuda
Published: June 2024

Working memory performance refers to the capacity and ability of the brain to temporarily remember and process incoming information while working or solving problems. This competency is crucial for teenagers and is linked to success in learning mathematics, English language, and health-related behaviors. This quasi-experimental research, conducted with a controlled group, aims to explore the effectiveness of the "TendingPETs" application in enhancing working memory capacity and its impact on educational effectiveness and risky behavior among 99 teenagers in Phrae Province, Thailand. The participants were divided into an experimental group of 50 individuals who used the "TendingPETs" application alongside regular classroom studies for two months, and a comparison group of 49 individuals who attended school in a normal classroom for the same duration. All participants were followed up to assess the sustainability of the activities for four months. The research results, comprising pre-experiment, post-experiment (2 months), and follow-up (6 months) data, were analyzed using repeated measures ANOVA.

The research findings revealed that the average working memory scores and scores in mathematics and English subjects significantly increased in the experimental group after the experiment and during the follow-up period (p < 0.001). Furthermore, the study demonstrated an impact on changes in risk-taking behavior, with a statistically significant reduction in alcohol consumption during the follow-up period (p < 0.05). However, there was no change in the reduction of tobacco consumption in either group of adolescents (p > 0.05).

Therefore, the results of this study suggest that the "TendingPETs" application induces positive changes in working memory performance and contributes to success in studying mathematics and English. Consequently, the "TendingPETs" application could be a valuable tool in promoting teen happiness. However, future research should explore the long-lasting effects of this application and consider control variables that may influence the results, particularly in terms of risky behavior. Additionally, the application's limitations may be further developed or improved for use in school and family environments. Comparative studies and long-term analyses will provide additional valuable information for developing public health strategies.
The impact of digital transformation on credit risk of commercial banks in Vietnam
Authors:   Banking Academy of Vietnam, Doan Viet Thang , Hoang Thi Ngoc Anh , Phung Trang Linh , Nguyen Thu Huong
Published: June 2024

In Vietnam, digital transformation has been considered as the leading strategy of commercial banks, especially in terms of credit risks. Therefore, they must identify how their digital transformation affects their credit risks to maintain effective operation and steady growth in a complex and changing market environment. Our study takes 29 commercial banks in Vietnam from 2014 to 2022 as the research object to test the impact of bank digital transformation on credit risk. In particular, the level of digital transforma tion of banks is measured by the ICT Index. The ICT Index is the official measure that evaluates the level of information technology application na tionwide each year, with separate indicators for ministries and branches. Banks in Vietnam also use the ICT Index to assess their readiness and ability to apply information technology in the digital transformation process. Various regression models including Pooled Ordinary Least Squares (OLS), Fixed Effects Model (FEM), Random Effects Model (REM), Generalized Least Squares (GLS) are applied using STATA 17. Research results show that credit risk is affected by 5 factors: the information technology development and application readiness index (ICT Index), inflation rate (INF), return on equity (ROE), loans to customers (LOAN), and operational diversification (NIIC). On that basis, the study proposes recommendations for commercial banks to promote their digital transformation process. In addition, the state and policymakers also have appropriate measures to promote digital transfor mation in the Vietnamese banking system.
Impact of covered warrant issuance on underlying stocks of listed companies in Vietnam
Authors:   Foreign Trade University, Vietnam, Le Phuong Lan , Nguyen Thi Ngoc Mai , Duong Thi Minh Tam , Hoang Quynh Trang , Nguyen Nhat Tuong Oanh , Tong Thi Khanh Linh
Published: June 2024

Nowadays, covered warrants (CWs) have emerged as a popular financial instrument in the Vietnamese stock market, offering investors promising opportunities for profitable returns. However, these instruments also carry inherent risks, necessitating a thorough understanding of their characteristics. This research aims to evaluate the impact of CW issuance on the price and liquidity (measured by trading volume and bid-ask spread) of underlying stocks on the Vietnamese stock market. The study employs the event study methodology and Wilcoxon test to examine whether abnormal returns, trading volume, and bid-ask spreads change after CW issuance. The research uses secondary data of 113 active CWs, based on 20 underlying stocks listed on HNX and HOSE and are issued from April 2023 to January 2024. The findings reveal no significant change in abnormal returns; however, trading volume and bid-ask spreads exhibit noticeable alterations following CW issuance. These results provide valuable insights for investors to consider relevant factors when making informed investment decisions.
The impact of emerging digital technologies on audit
Authors:   Thuyloi University of Vietnam, Hoàng Thị Mai Lan , Phạm Thị Nga ,   Thai Nguyen University of Economic and Business administration, Vietnam
Published: June 2024

: In the digital age, emerging digital technologies have become popular among businesses to enhance competitiveness and promote development. Therefore, the purpose of this article is to research how emerging digital technologies affect auditing, helping auditing businesses and auditors change to be able to respond to the digital age. By using qualitative research method, overview of scientific research on digitalization in auditing this paper aim to analyze the impact of applying technologies in auditing, including data analysis, big data, artificial intelligence and blockchain, on the aspects of opportunities and challenges. Based on that, to help auditing firms and auditors take advantage of opportunities and overcome challenges, the study proposes some recommendations that can help alleviate concerns about the application of emerging digital technologies in auditing.
Gender gap in the social insurance participation in Vietnam
Authors:   Faculty of Economics, Banking Academy of Vietnam, Do Thi Thu , Tran Thi Lan
Published: June 2024

This study applied an Extension of the Oaxaca-Blinder Decomposition method to the Labour Force Survey 2020 data to decompose the gender gap and estimate the impacts of factors on the gender gap in social insurance participation in Vietnam. The results showed there was a gender gap in social insurance participation between male and female group of workers in Vietnam. Although there were some differences between the two samples according to the age of workers, there were three groups of determinants of the gender gap including individual characteristics, household structure characteristics, and characteristics of differences in the labor market. The 6 observed characteristics with the greatest impact belonging to the 3 groups of determinants above are income level, job position, economic sector, education level, the number of school-age children in the household, and the number of elderly in the household. Furthermore, this study discussed policy implications for narrowing the gender gap in social insurance participation in Vietnam.
Estimation of covariance matrix with equal shrinkage weights in portfolio selection: An empirical study on the Vietnamese stock market
Authors:   Ho Chi Minh University of Banking, Vietnam, Nguyễn Minh Nhật , Phạm Thị Thu Hường ,   Hung Vuong University, Vietnam
Published: June 2024

Portfolio optimization based on the process of estimating the covariance matrix is one of the new approaches. In this article, the author has conducted an analysis and evaluation of various covariance matrix estimators to measure their effectiveness in investment activities. The results of the empirical study on over 400 listed stocks on the Vietnamese stock market from January 2011 to January 2024 have shown that the covariance matrix estimator with balanced shrinkage weight yields significantly superior results across all three portfolio performance metrics: Sharpe ratio, Sortino ratio, and Calmar ratio, compared to the other seven estimators divided into three groups including the LW Shrinkage method group, the factor model group, and the traditional method group. The study’s findings also aim to further encourage investors to expand research on covariance matrix estimation in selecting optimal investment portfolios.
THE EFFECTS OF THE CURRENT CRISES ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE GRANIVORE SECTOR IN ROMANIA
Authors:   Institute of Agricultural Economics, Romanian Academy, Bucharest, Romania, DRIGĂ Diana Maria
Published: June 2024

At the level of the European Union, in 2022, Romania ranked 9th in pig population, with a number of 3,328 thousand pigs and 13th in pork production, down by 7.8% compared to 2021. In terms of poultry meat production, Romania ranked 6th in the EU in 2022, up by 5.6% compared to the previous year. The paper aims to analyse the evolution of the granivore farming sector in Romania in the period 2015-2022, in the context of current crises. The study highlighted the effects produced by the energy crisis, the COVID-19 pandemic and the war in Ukraine on the evolution of the production of granivores and the volatility of their purchase prices. The results of the study indicate that Romania's pork industry has been severely affected by the African swine fever. The situation at the level of international markets determined an increase in production costs, which was also reflected in the increase in purchase prices for pork and poultry meat. Thus, an increase of 22.24% was noticed in October 2022 compared to March 2022 in the purchase price for liveweight pig meat and an increase of 29.65% in October 2022 compared to March 2022 in liveweight poultry meat.
AGRICULTURAL COOPERATIVES IN THE ROMANIAN AGRI FOOD SYSTEM
Authors:   „Gheorghe Zane” Institute for Economic and Social Research, Romanian Academy - Iași Branch, Romania, DOBAY Krisztina Melinda
Published: June 2024

In the recent years, agricultural markets and supply chains have been quite strongly affected, in an unprecedented geopolitical and economic context, caused by the COVID-19 pandemic, the war in Ukraine, climate change and the challenges of implementing the European Green Deal. Under these conditions, food has once again emerged as a central element of life, alongside health, and healthy eating for all depends more on social and economic conditions than on the technical aspects of food production and processing. Thus, the need to rethink and revalue local productions, supply chains and the links established at territorial level, in order to increase the resilience of agri-food systems and ensure their sustainable development, emerged. The cooperative model is considered to be suitable to address the challenges generated by transitions to sustainability, and agricultural cooperatives can significantly contribute to increasing the resilience of agri-food systems. Many agricultural cooperatives, from different countries of the world, have managed to adapt to the new situation, proving that they are important entities in the agri-food system. In this paper, we tried to identify some particularities regarding the changes in the cooperative system in Romania, in recent years, as a reaction to the challenges that the agri-food system has to face. For this purpose, we analysed the evolution of agricultural cooperatives before and after the COVID-19 pandemic and estimated the market share in different areas of activity with significant turnover, the evolution of some economic indicators, as well as their dynamics by counties and regions in an attempt to identify their development trends.
BLOCKCHAIN IN AGRICULTURE: TRANSFORMING THE FOOD SUPPLY CHAIN FOR TRANSPARENCY AND EFFICIENCY IN THE EUROPEAN UNION
Authors:   1) Institute of Agricultural Economics, Romanian Academy, Bucharest, Romania; 2) Bucharest University of Economic Studies, Faculty of International Business and Economics, Bucharest, Romania, HURDUZEU Gheorghe , POPESCU Maria-Floriana ,   Bucharest University of Economic Studies, Faculty of International Business and Economics, Bucharest, Romania
Published: June 2024

This paper explores the transformative role of blockchain technology in the European Union’s agriculture sector, focusing on the “Farm to Fork” concept. Employing a literature review, the paper examines the applications of blockchain within EU agriculture and its alignment with the EU’s emphasis on food supply chain transparency and efficiency. Several illustrative cases of blockchain implementation in the EU, such as the IBM Food Trust platform, are highlighted. The research underscores how blockchain enhances traceability, trust, and sustainability, thereby strengthening food safety and quality. The paper concludes that blockchain is catalysing a revolution in the EU’s food supply chain, fostering transparency and efficiency while aligning with the overarching objectives of the “Farm to Fork” concept.
FINANCE OF BIODIVERSITY
Authors:   Institute of Agricultural Economics, Romanian Academy, Bucharest, Romania, DINCULESCU Corina Georgeta
Published: June 2024

The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, adopted at the UN General Assembly in New York in 2015, then implemented by the European Union, respectively by Romania (through Romania’s Sustainable Development Strategy 2030), is a historic document, through its 17 goals, which promotes a sustainable future for all citizens. Structured on the three pillars of sustainable development – economic, social and environmental – it highlights one of the priorities of global sustainable development and a major concern of our time – environmental protection. Two of the Sustainable Development Goals of the 2030 Agenda – life on land and life in water – are found in the EU’s Biodiversity Strategy for 2030. This strategy is the cornerstone of nature protection in the EU, a key element of the European Green Deal. Biodiversity is disappearing at an unprecedented rate, with biodiversity loss and ecosystem collapse among the most important threats that humanity will face in the next decade. In this context, the EU member states must establish a series of commitments, objectives and appropriate specific measures to preserve the environment, substantially increase the allocation of financial resources necessary to achieve these objectives, so as to stop the loss of biodiversity. The objective of this approach is to highlight some aspects related to private and public financing for the protection of the environment and of biodiversity in Romania, based on statistical data. Evaluating public data sources, national concerns regarding the protection of the environment and biodiversity are highlighted, through specific indicators: national expenditures and investments for the protection of the environment, of biodiversity respectively, by categories of environmental services producers, by environmental domains, at European and national level.
RESEARCH ON THE PLACE AND ROLE OF TOURISM IN THE RURAL DEVELOPMENT OF THE BANAT MOUNTAINS, CARAȘ SEVERIN COUNTY
Authors:   King Michael I of Romania" University of Life Sciences in Timișoara, Romania, PEEV OTIMAN Paula
Published: June 2024

In the paper we aimed to carry out comparative research on the general state of tourism in Romania, in the mountainous Banat and some Balkan countries, from which it results that Romania is far below the level of competing countries in terms of tourism development. There are many reasons for this situation, out of which two are decisive: the absence of a national strategy for the medium and long-term development of Romanian tourism and the absence of tourism among the development priorities of the Romanian economy branches, even though Romania's natural tourism offer is exceptional. In addition to these two determining causes, there is a poor state of infrastructure of all kinds and, what is more unfavourable, an extremely weak and ineffective promotion of Romanian tourism at national and, above all, international level, as well as the existence of a large number of ecological problems and touristic sites left in ruins, all of which are detrimental to the development of mountain tourism. The removal of causes that generate the current state of tourism in Romania and in the Banat Mountains of Caraş-Severin County might be the main way of local development.
Features of Self-Confinement of the Linearly Polarized Waves in a Nonlinear Fiber with a Light Induced Core
Authors:   MIREA – Russian Technological University, 119454, Vernadsky Avenue, 78, Moscow, Russia, SAVOTCHENKO S.E.
Published: June 2024

The fundamental modes of nonlinear optical weakly guiding fiber with
circular cross section are studied analytically. The dielectric constant of the fiber core is
assumed to be differing from the dielectric constant of the fiber cladding. The change
between them occurs abruptly when the light intensity reaches a certain level. The core
radius formed at a certain intensity level in dependence of the optical characteristics of
the waveguide mode and fiber is specified. It is shown that the core radius can be
reduced by increasing the frequency of the wave or the magnitude of the jump in the
dielectric constant, and also by decreasing the propagation constant. The self-confinement
core radius decreases with increasing frequency, but this increases the diameter of the
light beam localization in the fiber cross section. Increasing the propagation constant has
the opposite effect.
Magnetic Properties and Hysteresis Loops of the Mixed Spin-1/2 and Spin-3/2 Blume Capel Model on a Multilayer Square Lattice
Authors:   1.  Theoretical Physics Group, Laboratory L.P.M.C., Faculty of Sciences,
Chouaib Doukkali University, El Jadida, Morocco
2.  LS2ME Laboratory, Polydisciplinary Faculty of Khouribga, Sultan Moulay Slimane University,
Beni Mellal, Morocco, BENSIF O. , HASNAOUI A. ,   LS2ME Laboratory, Polydisciplinary Faculty of Khouribga, Sultan Moulay Slimane University,
Beni Mellal, Morocco, ZOUHAIR S. ,   Theoretical Physics Group, Laboratory L.P.M.C., Faculty of Sciences,
Chouaib Doukkali University, El Jadida, Morocco, HACHEM N. ,   Theoretical Physics Group, Laboratory L.P.M.C., Faculty of Sciences,
Chouaib Doukkali University, El Jadida, Morocco, MADANI M. ,   Department Physics-Chemistry, CRMEF, Meknes, Morocco, EL BOUZIANI M. ,   Theoretical Physics Group, Laboratory L.P.M.C., Faculty of Sciences,
Chouaib Doukkali University, El Jadida, Morocco
Published: June 2024

This paper is a study of a multilayer system with mixed spins S = 1/2
and spin S = 3/2 by the Blume Capel model using Monte Carlo simulation. The phase
diagrams (at T = 0 and T ≠ 0) as well as the total magnetization have been determined.
The critical temperatures have been deduced from the different values of the system
parameters, namely the exchange interactions JB, the crystal field ∆ and the numbers of
layers of the system NA and NB. It became apparent that the system presents both the
first and second-order transitions. In addition, we see the appearance of one of the serval
phenomena which is compensation behavior. Moreover, the hysteresis behavior present
single and multiples hysteresis loops for well-determined values. Finally, our results
are compared with the other theoretical and experimental works.
Influence of Microwave and Magnetic Fields on the Electrophysical Parameters of a Tunnel Diode
Authors:   The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA, BERGER P.R. , GULYAMOV G. ,   Namangan Engineering Construction Institute, Namangan 160103, Uzbekistan, DADAMIRZAEV M.G. ,   Namangan Engineering Construction Institute, Namangan 160103, Uzbekistan, UKTAMOVA M.K ,   Namangan Engineering Construction Institute, Namangan 160103, Uzbekistan, BOIDEDAEV S.R. ,   Namangan Engineering Construction Institute, Namangan 160103, Uzbekistan
Published: June 2024

In this paper, we studied the effect of an electromagnetic field of an
ultrahigh frequency on the I–V characteristics of tunnel diodes. The influence of thermionic
current on the change in the ratio of the values of tunnel currents at depth and the peak
formed in the tunnel diode as a result of a strong electromagnetic field and on the
change in the ratio of the values of tunnel currents at the highest and lowest points
without exposure to a strong electromagnetic field. The I–V characteristics of a tunnel
diode under the action of a microwave field is determined based on the theory of Knott
and Demassa and the Tsu-Esaki model. The characteristics of the Tsu-Esaki and
Karlovsky models used to determine the effect of the tunnel current in the extremely
high frequency field (EHF) are shown. Chynoweth's model and Knott and Demassa's
theory have shown that in germanium-based tunnel diodes, under an extremely high
frequency (EHF) field, the amount of excess current generated in the tunnel diode
increases. According to the Tsu-Esaki theory and Knott and Demassa theory is found
to decrease the value of the differential resistance of a tunnel diode with a p-n junction
under the action of a microwave field, regardless of the type of heterostructure or
doping level. According to the Tsu-Esaki theory and Knott and Demassa found
decrease in the diffusion capacitance of a tunnel diode with a p-n junction under the
action of a microwave field, regardless of the type of heterostructure or doping level. A
decrease in the transparency coefficient due to an increase in the internal field at the
p-n junction boundary of a Ge-based tunnel diode under the action of a microwave
field has been established. A formula is determined for determining the total current
of a tunnel diode under the action of both microwave and magnetic fields, taking into
account the transparency coefficient of the tunnel diode.
Metals and Natural Radioactivity Investigation of Danube River Water in the Lower Sector
Authors:   1.  Dunarea de Jos University of Galati, Faculty of Sciences and Environment, Department of
Chemistry, Physics and Environment, INPOLDE Center, 47 Domneasca St., 800008 Galati, Romania
2. REXDAN Research Infrastructure, Dunarea de Jos University of Galati, ENE ANTOANETA , MORARU DANA IULIA ,   1. Dunarea de Jos University of Galati, Faculty of Sciences and Environment, Department of
Chemistry, Physics and Environment, INPOLDE Center, 47 Domneasca St., 800008 Galati, Romania
2. Dunarea de Jos University of Galati, Faculty of Food Science and Eng, PINTILIE VIOLETA ,   1.  Dunarea de Jos University of Galati, Faculty of Sciences and Environment, Department of
Chemistry, Physics and Environment, INPOLDE Center, 47 Domneasca St., 800008 Galati, Romania
2. Department of Public Health Galati, Ionizing Radiation Laboratory,, ITICESCU CATALINA ,   REXDAN Research Infrastructure, Dunarea de Jos University of Galati, 98 George Cosbuc St.,
800385 Galati, Romania, GEORGESCU LUCIAN PUIU ,   REXDAN Research Infrastructure, Dunarea de Jos University of Galati, 98 George Cosbuc St.,
800385 Galati, Romania
Published: June 2024

In this paper high-resolution continuum source atomic absorption
spectrometry (HRCS AAS) was used for the determination of metal concentrations in
Danube water collected in the river lower sector in SE Romania (Braila-Galati-Tulcea).
The evaluation of the water natural radioactivity was only performed in Galati sector
based on selected radiological parameters: gross alpha/beta activity and radionuclides
(210Po, 210Pb, natU, natTh and 226Ra) activity concentrations. The results indicate a
temporal and spatial variability of contaminant levels due to anthropogenic inputs and
seasonal conditions. For several heavy metals, the registered concentrations exceed the
legislated values, imposing a regular monitoring of water quality especially in the case
of using the water resource for human consumption, irrigation or aquaculture.
Atmospheric Noise Measurements in the Garden: Detecting Universalities in Inter-Spheric Waiting Time Statistics
Authors:   Department of Physics, Babes¸-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania, GERE I.
Published: June 2024

Lightning flashes result in an instantaneous emission of electromagnetic
(EM) waves that encompass a broad spectrum of frequencies in the domain of radio
waves. The signature of these impulses in the region of the very low frequency (VLF)
of radio waves and bellow are called spherics. These impulsive signals traverse great
distances in the waveguide between the Earth’s ionosphere and its surface. Due to
the abundance of lightnings the lower end of the EM spectrum is dominated by the
waveforms of these emission. It is called atmospheric radio noise because of its origin.
This article outlines a straightforward approach for capturing spherics activity within
the VLF radio wave range. Employing data processing techniques, we pinpoint the
timestamps of spherics within time series data. The distribution of inter-spheric times is
analyzed across various detection threshold levels. Utilizing recordings spanning two
distinct years and seasons, we replicate the established form of the inter-spheric time
distribution described in the literature. Notably, we demonstrate that by rescaling the
time intervals between spherics with the mean time for a specific recording and given
detection threshold, the distributions collapse to a master curve. This universal pattern
is accurately characterized by a single-parameter mean-scaled Gamma distribution.
Additionally, we note the similarities in the distribution of inter-spheric times with
patterns found in earthquake recurrence times.
Application of computer vision in livestock and crop production—A review
Authors: Petrovic Bojana , Tunguz Vesna , Bartos Petr
Published: June 2024

Nowadays, it is a challenge for farmers to produce healthier food for the world population and save land resources. Recently, the integration of computer vision technology in field and crop production ushered in a new era of innovation and efficiency. Computer vision, a subfield of artificial intelligence, leverages image and video analysis to extract meaningful information from visual data. In agriculture, this technology is being utilized for tasks ranging from disease detection and yield prediction to animal health monitoring and quality control. By employing various imaging techniques, such as drones, satellites, and specialized cameras, computer vision systems are able to assess the health and growth of crops and livestock with unprecedented accuracy. The review is divided into two parts: Livestock and Crop Production giving the overview of the application of computer vision applications within agriculture, highlighting its role in optimizing farming practices and enhancing agricultural productivity.
Advanced nonlinear fuzzy observer and robust control design for systems subject to cyber-physical attacks
Authors: Rebai Souad Bezzaoucha
Published: June 2024

In the following contribution, the control design of CPSs (Cyber Physical Systems) usually consists of an observer to estimate the state of the physical system and a controller to compute the control commands based on the state estimation studied. Our objective is to design control methods that are robust against attacks in the model, attenuating their effect and ensuring at the same time a reliable state and attack estimation allowing their detection and isolation while maintaining the system stability, integrity, and performance. The considered approach is based on the Lyapunov theory and LMI resolution approach in order to deduce the observers-controller gains. A robust output H∞ control and quadratic stabilization for nonlinear systems subject to actuator and sensor data deception attacks (cyber-physical-attacks) is proposed. The detection & identification issues are also reconsidered since the system states and the malicious signals will be reconstructed via a Polytopic-based T-S (Takagi-Sugeno) observer. An innovative design method where the attacked system is presented as an uncertain one subject to external disturbances is developed. A robust polytopic state feedback stabilizing controller based on a polytopic observer with disturbances attenuation for the resulting uncertain system is considered. To illustrate our proposed approach, we present a numerical example. An algorithm based on a robust polytopic controller ensuring asymptotic stability despite data deception attacks and external perturbations attenuation guaranteed by the H∞ norm will be given. Indeed, a PDC (Parallel Distributed Compensation) controller coupled with a polytopic observer to estimate the unmeasurable state variables and actuator/sensor attack signals will be designed for nonlinear systems subjected to data deception attacks.