bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Hardware Start-ups in the Scale-up Process of Production – A Mapping of Challenges
Authors: Sefton Malin , Rönkkö Isabelle , Bellgran Monica
Published: December 2020

The paper sets out to increase the understanding of how hardware start-ups scale-up their production, and elaborates further on the challenges they are facing in this phase, often called “the valley of death”. The research design is based on a qualitative approach and data collection through deep-interviews of 14 hardware start-ups and 7 production experts with extensive experience of production scale-up. A theoretical review adds to the understanding of the relatively immature field and supports the data analysis. The study presented in the paper is part of an innovation project called “Production Angels” which is a new concept developed for the purpose of supporting Swedish hardware scale-ups to overcome the valley of death, and to produce their new product in Sweden instead of outside the country which is often the case. Many hardware start-ups do not survive this phase of the innovation process, ending up in selling the product idea or even company. The results of the data collection elaborates on a number of challenges the start-ups meet in the production scale-up phase, here categorized into seven areas; financing, market analysis & feasibility study, production competence & team building, prototype development & manufacturing, production process understanding, suppliers & manufacturers, and support from the innovation system.
Collaboration of Smart Device in Cloud Manufacturing: A Case of Active Recommendation Model Based on Service Agent
Authors: Zhao Chun , Chen Mo , Wang Lihui , Zhang Lin
Published: December 2020

By the developing and the application of cloud manufacturing, many new business modes based on the IoT, CPS, cloud computing are springing up. It is worthwhile to model a new business mode simulate it to verify the feasibility. In this paper, with a demand of smart devices from a fresh-mix drink company, service agents are used for modeling and a basic comparison model is proposed for the negotiation between service providers to vote for the service provider that best suits the consumer’s demand. A simulation platform that originates from cloud manufacturing is used to simulate the drink ordering, provider negotiation and provider recommendation. Simulation results show that consumers can obtain expected drinks after the negotiations and votes made by providers. Moreover, the system can recommend drinks with different freshness depending on the expiration parameter set by the company.
Back-Shoring vs. Near-Shoring: A Comparative Study
Authors: Merino Fernando , Di Stefano Cristina , Fratocchi Luciano
Published: December 2020

After decades of manufacturing offshoring strategies, generally addressed to low cost countries, in the last few years companies have been increasingly revising their location strategies. In so doing, they often implement either back-shoring (relocation to the home country) or near-shoring (relocation to the home region) alternatives. While the former strategy has gained increasing attention among scholars in recent years, studies on near-shoring are still scarce. Moreover, the academic literature rarely compares the two phenomena in order to understand why companies prefer to implement one instead of the other. This paper aims to shed new light on similarities and differences among back- and near-shoring strategies. In order to reach such an objective, we assume a contingency approach by focusing on a specific industry, the footwear sector, which has been significantly characterized by offshoring strategies. In order to reach the research aim, the comparison between back- and near-shoring strategies will be conducted focusing on three main issues: a) characteristics of the companies implementing the relocation strategy (firm’s size); b) motivations inducing companies to relocate; c) barriers to the implementation of the relocation decision. Given the explorative nature of the paper, the features of 41 back- and near-shoring decisions implemented by 25 Italian and Spanish companies operating in the footwear industry will be analysed. Preliminary findings show smaller companies are more likely to back-shore instead of near-shore, probably because of the lower competences and resources they own. At the same time, availability of skilled contractors and/or availability of government aid in the home country induce them to back-shore instead of near-shore. Finally, the lack of skilled suppliers mainly characterizes the back-shoring alternative.
Challenges with Coordination of Technology Development and Transfer of Industry 4.0 Technologies in IMNs
Authors: Badasjane Viktorija , Alhskog Mats , Granlund Anna , Bruch Jessica
Published: December 2020

Within an international manufacturing network (IMN), one particular factory, called the lead factory is responsible for development of new products, processes and technologies as well as transferring these to the subsidiaries within the IMN. These responsibilities require coordination, which is found difficult even in the best-performing companies due to its complexity. When the responsibility for development of Industry 4.0 technologies are included such as cyber-physical systems and Internet of Things the complexity increases further. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to identify what are the challenges with coordination of technology development and transfer of Industry 4.0 technologies in IMNs. Accordingly, a real-time embedded case study was carried out with six manufacturing companies. One major finding is that development of Industry 4.0 technologies does not fit the current way of organizing technology development at lead factories. Another finding is that several of the identified challenges connected to technology development can be derived from a lack of a long-term strategy ensuring competence for future needs.
Predictive clinical features for negative histopathology of MRI/Ultrasound-fusion-guided prostate biopsy in patients with high likelihood of cancer at prostate MRI: Analysis from a urologic outpatient clinic1
Authors: Apfelbeck Maria , Pfitzinger Paulo , Bischoff Robert , Rath Lukas , Buchner Alexander , Mumm Jan-Niklas , Schlenker Boris , Stief Christian G. , Chaloupka Michael , Clevert Dirk-André
Published: December 2020

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate clinical features associated with benign histopathology of Prostate Imaging Reporting and Data System (PI-RADS) category 4 and 5 lesions. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Between March 2015 and November 2020, 1161 patients underwent mpMRI/Ultrasound-fusion-guided prostate biopsy (FBx) and concurrent 12-core systematic prostate biopsy (SBx) at the Department of Urology of the Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Germany. 848/ 1161 (73%) patients presented with either PI-RADS 4 or 5 index lesion and were retrospectively evaluated. Multivariate analysis was performed to evaluate clinical parameters associated with a negative outcome of PI-RADS 4 or 5 category lesions after FBx. Area under the receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curve (AUC) was conducted using ROC-analysis. RESULTS: 676/848 (79.7%) patients with either PI-RADS 4 or 5 index lesion were diagnosed with prostate cancer (PCa) by FBx and 172/848 (20.3%) patients had a negative biopsy (including the concurrent systematic prostate biopsy), respectively. Prostate volume (P-Vol) (OR 0.99, 95% CI = 0.98–1.00, p = 0.038), pre-biopsy-status (OR 0.48, 95% CI = 0.29–0.79, p = 0.004) and localization of the lesion in the transitional zone (OR 0.28, 95% CI = 0.13–0.60, p = 0.001) were independent risk factors for a negative outcome of FBx. Age (OR 1.09, 95% CI = 1.05–1.13, p < 0.001) and PSA density (PSAD) (OR 75.92, 95% CI = 1.03–5584.61, p = 0.048) increased the risk for PCa diagnosis after FBx. The multivariate logistic regression model combining all clinical characteristics achieved an AUC of 0.802 (95% CI = 0.765–0.835; p < 0.001) with a sensitivity and specificity of 66% and 85%. CONCLUSION: Lesions with high or highly likelihood of PCa on multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI) but subsequent negative prostate biopsy occur in a small amount of patients. Localization of the lesion in the transitional zone, prostate volume and prebiopsy were shown to be predictors for benign histopathology of category 4 or 5 lesions on mpMRI. Integration of these features into daily clinical routine could be used for risk-stratification of these patients after negative biopsy of PI-RADS 4 or 5 index lesions.
Anatomization of the systems of dimension relaxation for facial recognition
Authors: Raha Mayamin Hamid , Deb Tonmoay , Rahmun Mahieyin , Chen Tim
Published: December 2020

Face recognition is the most efficient image analysis application, and the reduction of dimensionality is an essential requirement. The curse of dimensionality occurs with the increase in dimensionality, the sample density decreases exponentially. Dimensionality Reduction is the process of taking into account the dimensionality of the feature space by obtaining a set of principal features. The purpose of this manuscript is to demonstrate a comparative study of Principal Component Analysis and Linear Discriminant Analysis methods which are two of the highly popular appearance-based face recognition projection methods. PCA creates a flat dimensional data representation that describes as much data variance as possible, while LDA finds the vectors that best discriminate between classes in the underlying space. The main idea of PCA is to transform high dimensional input space into the function space that displays the maximum variance. Traditional LDA feature selection is obtained by maximizing class differences and minimizing class distance.
Modified reinforcement learning based- caching system for mobile edge computing
Authors: Mehamel Sarra , Bouzefrane Samia , Banarjee Soumya , Daoui Mehammed , Balas Valentina E.
Published: December 2020

Caching contents at the edge of mobile networks is an efficient mechanism that can alleviate the backhaul links load and reduce the transmission delay. For this purpose, choosing an adequate caching strategy becomes an important issue. Recently, the tremendous growth of Mobile Edge Computing (MEC) empowers the edge network nodes with more computation capabilities and storage capabilities, allowing the execution of resource-intensive tasks within the mobile network edges such as running artificial intelligence (AI) algorithms. Exploiting users context information intelligently makes it possible to design an intelligent context-aware mobile edge caching. To maximize the caching performance, the suitable methodology is to consider both context awareness and intelligence so that the caching strategy is aware of the environment while caching the appropriate content by making the right decision. Inspired by the success of reinforcement learning (RL) that uses agents to deal with decision making problems, we present a modified reinforcement learning (mRL) to cache contents in the network edges. Our proposed solution aims to maximize the cache hit rate and requires a multi awareness of the influencing factors on cache performance. The modified RL differs from other RL algorithms in the learning rate that uses the method of stochastic gradient decent (SGD) beside taking advantage of learning using the optimal caching decision obtained from fuzzy rules.
ARAZ: A software modules clustering method using the combination of particle swarm optimization and genetic algorithms
Authors: Arasteh Bahman , Sadegi Razieh , Arasteh Keyvan
Published: December 2020

A considerable percentage of software costs are usually related to its maintenance. Program comprehension is a prerequisite of the software maintenance and a considerable time of maintainers is spent to comprehend the structure and behavior of the software when the source code is the only product available. Program comprehension is one of difficult and challenging task especially in the absence of design documents of the software system. Clustering of software modules is an effective reverse-engineering method for extracting the software architecture and structural model from the source code. Finding the best clustering is considered to be a multi-objective NP hard optimization-problem and different meta-heuristic algorithms have been used for solving this problem. Local optimum, insufficient quality, insufficient performance and insufficient stability are the main shortcomings of the previous methods. Attaining higher values for software clustering quality, attaining higher success rate in clustering of software modules, attaining higher stability of the obtained results and attaining the higher convergence (speed) to generate optimal clusters are the main goals of this study. In this study, a hybrid meta heuristic method (ARAZ) includes particle swarm optimization algorithm and genetic algorithm (PSO-GA) is proposed to find the best clustering of software modules. An extensive series of experiments on 10 standard benchmark programs have been conducted. Regarding the results of experiments, the proposed method outperforms the other methods in terms of clustering quality, stability, success rate and convergence speed.
Optimization of software cost estimation model based on biogeography-based optimization algorithm
Authors: Ullah Aman , Wang Bin , Sheng Jinfang , Long Jun , Asim Muhammad , Sun Zejun
Published: December 2020

Estimation of software cost (ESC) is considered a crucial task in the software management life cycle as well as time and quality. Prior to the development of a software project, precise estimations are required in the form of person month and time. In the last few decades, various parametric and non-algorithmic or non-parametric approaches regarding the estimation of software costs have been developed. Among them, the constrictive cost model (COCOMO-II) is a commonly used method for estimating software cost. To further improve the accuracy of this model, researchers and practitioners have applied numerous computational intelligence algorithms to optimize their parameters. However, accuracy is still a big problem in this model to be addressed. In this paper, we proposed a biogeography-based optimization (BBO) method to optimize the current coefficients of COCOMO-II for better estimation of software project cost or effort. The experiments are conducted on two standard data sets: NASA-93 and Turkish Industry software projects. The performance of the proposed algorithm called BBO-COCOMO-II is evaluated by using performance indicators including the manhattan distance (MD) and the mean magnitude of relative error (MMRE). Simulation results reveal that the proposed algorithm obtained high accuracy and significant error minimization compared to original COCOMO-II, particle swarm optimization, genetic algorithm, flower pollination algorithm, and other various baseline cost estimation models.
Could Altered Evoked Pain Responsiveness Be a Phenotypic Biomarker for Alzheimer’s Disease Risk? A Cross-Sectional Analysis of Cognitively Healthy Individuals
Authors: Romano Raymond R. , Carter Michael A. , Dietrich Mary S. , Cowan Ronald L. , Bruehl Stephen P. , Monroe Todd B.
Published: December 2020

Background:

This study evaluated whether the apolipoprotein ɛ4 ( APOE4) allele, a genetic marker associated with increased risk of developing late-onset Alzheimer’s disease (AD), was associated with differences in evoked pain responsiveness in cognitively healthy subjects.

Objective:

The aim was to determine whether individuals at increased risk of late-onset AD based on APOE allele genotype differ phenotypically in their response to experimentally-induced painful stimuli compared to those who do not have at least one copy of the ɛ4 allele.

Methods:

Forty-nine cognitively healthy subjects aged 30–89 years old with the APOE4 allele ( n = 12) and without ( n = 37) were assessed for group differences in pain thresholds and affective (unpleasantness) responses to experimentally-induced thermal pain stimuli.

Results:

Statistically significant main effects of APOE4 status were observed for both the temperature at which three different pain intensity percepts were reached ( p = 0.040) and the level of unpleasantness associated with each ( p = 0.014). APOE4 positive participants displayed lower overall pain sensitivity than those who were APOE4 negative and also greater overall levels of pain unpleasantness regardless of intensity level.

Conclusion:

Cognitively healthy APOE4 carriers at increased risk of late-onset AD demonstrated reduced thermal pain sensitivity but greater unpleasantness to thermal pain stimuli relative to individuals at lower risk of late-onset AD. These results suggest that altered evoked pain perception could potentially be used as a phenotypic biomarker of late-onset AD risk prior to disease onset. Additional studies of this issue may be warranted.
Improved Dynamic Magnetostriction measurement method based on M-EMAT for the characterization of residual strain
Authors: Zhang Xiaodong , Uchimoto Tetsuya , Wu Bin , Takagi Toshiyuki , Ducharne Benjamin , Liu Xiucheng , He Cunfu
Published: December 2020

The Dynamic Magnetostriction (DM) measurement method as a nondestructive testing method of ferromagnetic materials, measures the DM curve using electromagnetic acoustic transducer (EMAT) to characterize material and predict the mechanical properties. Lorentz forces and magnetostriction forces contribute mainly to the ultrasonic generation. Only the range of low field, in which the magnetostriction force mechanism is predominant can be used to measure the DM curve, but the boundaries of this range are uncertain. The improved DM measurement method based on shear wave Magnetostriction EMAT (M-EMAT) is proposed and the theory of generation of shear waves is derived. For the M-EMAT, only magnetostriction force mechanism contributed to the generation of shear waves. A theoretical model for the optimization of the transducer is developed, the model is in good agreement with the experimental results. The microstructure changes caused by residual strain will affect the magnetostriction coefficient and the DM curve. Therefore, the DM curves of low carbon steel specimens with different levels of residual strains are measured by the optimized transducer to characterize the residual strain. The normalized results demonstrate that the slope of the DM curve obviously changes with the residual strain. This leads to the conclusion that the DM measurement method can be used to characterize the residual strain of the low carbon steels.
FEM-simulation of superconducting linear acceleration system for pellet injection
Authors: Takayama Teruou , Yamaguchi Takazumi , Saitoh Ayumu , Kamitani Atsushi
Published: December 2020

In order to simulate the high-temperature superconducting (HTS) linear acceleration (SLA) system for the pellet injection, the integration method of the applied magnetic field generated from the acceleration coil has been proposed. To this end, the regularization technique is used in the evaluation of the improper integrals, and simultaneously, a FEM code is developed for analyzing the shielding current density in an HTS film. In addition, the SLA system has been simulated using the code. The results of the computations show that the accuracy of the applied magnetic field is considerably improved. In this sense, the regularization technique is a useful tool. Also by locating the outer coil, the acceleration time during which the pellet speed reaches 5 km/s is about 3.5 times shorter than that of the only use of the inner coil. These results mean that the outer coil is effective in the improvement of the acceleration performance for the SLA system.
Mutational Spectrum of CAPN3 with Genotype-Phenotype Correlations in Limb Girdle Muscular Dystrophy Type 2A/R1 (LGMD2A/LGMDR1) Patients in India
Authors: Pathak Pankaj , Sharma Mehar Chand , Jha Pankaj , Sarkar Chitra , Faruq Mohammed , Jha Prerana , Suri Vaishali , Bhatia Rohit , Singh Sumit , Gulati Sheffali , Husain Mohammad
Published: December 2020

Background:

Limb girdle muscular dystrophy recessive type 1 (LGMDR1, Previously LGMD2A) is characterized by inactivating mutations in CAPN3. Despite the significant burden of muscular dystrophy in India, and particularly of LGMDR1, its genetic characterization and possible phenotypic manifestations are yet unidentified.

Material and Methods:

We performed bidirectional CAPN3 sequencing in 95 LGMDR1 patient samples characterized by calpain-3 protein analysis, and these findings were correlated with clinical, biochemical and histopathological features.

Results:

We identified 84 (88.4%) cases of LGMDR1 harboring 103 CAPN3 mutations (71 novel and 32 known). At least two mutant alleles were identified in 79 (94.2%) of patients. Notably, 76% exonic variations were enriched in nine CAPN3 exons and overall, 41 variations (40%) correspond to only eight exonic and intronic mutations. Patients with two nonsense/out of frame/splice-site mutations showed significant loss of calpain-3 protein as compared to those with two missense/inframe mutations ( P = 0.04). We observed a slow progression of disease and less severity in our patients compared to European population. Rarely, presenting clinical features were atypical, and mimicked other muscle diseases like FSHMD, distal myopathy and metabolic myopathies.

Conclusion:

This is first systematic study to characterize the genetic framework of LGMDR1 in the Indian population. Preliminary calpain-3 immunoblot screening serves well to direct genetic testing. Our findings prioritized nine CAPN3 exons for LGMDR1 diagnosis in our population; therefore, a targeted-sequencing panel of nine exons could serve well for genetic diagnosis, carrier testing, counseling and clinical trial feasibility study in LGMDR1 patients in India.
Individualised Predictions of the Survival Benefit Due to Adjuvant Therapy in a Randomised Trial of Sorafenib after Nephrectomy for Localised Renal Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Lawrence Nicola J. , Martin Andrew , Davis Ian D. , Troon Simon , Sengupta Shomik , Hovey Elizabeth , Coskinas Xanthi , Kaplan Richard , Smith Benjamin , Ritchie Alastair W. S. , Meade Angela , Goh Jeffrey , Gurney Howard , Harrison Michelle , Fife Kate , Eisen Tim , Blinman Prunella , Stockler Martin R.
Published: December 2020

BACKGROUND:

Little has been published regarding how doctors think and talk about prognosis and the potential benefits of adjuvant therapy.

OBJECTIVE:

We sought predictions of survival rates and survival times, for patients with and without adjuvant therapy, from the clinicians of patients participating in a randomised trial of adjuvant sorafenib after nephrectomy for renal cell carcinoma.

METHODS:

A subset of medical oncologists and urologists in the SORCE trial completed questionnaires eliciting their predictions of survival rates and survival times, with and without adjuvant sorafenib, for each of their participating patients. To compare predictions elicited as survival times versus survival rates, we transformed survival times to survival rates. To compare predicted benefits elicited as absolute improvements in rates and times, we transformed them into hazard ratios (HR), a measure of relative benefit.We postulated that a plausible benefit in overall survival (OS) should be smaller than that hypothesized for disease–free survival (DFS) in the trials original sample size justification (i.e. HR for OS should be ≥ 0.75).

RESULTS:

Sixty–one medical oncologists and 17 urologists completed questionnaires on 216 patients between 2007 and 2013. Predictions of survival without adjuvant sorafenib were similar whether elicited as survival rates or survival times (median 5–year survival rate of 61% vs 60%, p = 0.6). Predicted benefits of sorafenib were larger when elicited as improvements in survival rates than survival times (median HR 0.76 vs 0.83, p < 0.0001). The proportion of HR for predicted OS with sorafenib that reflected a plausible benefit (smaller effect of sorafenib on OS than hypothesized on DFS, i.e. HR ≥ 0.75) was 51% for survival rates, and 65% for survival times.

CONCLUSIONS:

The predicted benefits of adjuvant sorafenib were larger when elicited as improvements in survival rates than as survival times, and were often larger than the sample size justification for the trial. These potential biases should be considered when thinking and talking about individual patients in clinical practice, and when designing clinical trials.
Breastfeeding initiation among women with preeclampsia with and without severe features
Authors: Cordero L. , Stenger M.R. , Landon M.B. , Nankervis C.A.
Published: December 2020

BACKGROUND: Timely delivery and magnesium sulfate (MgSO4) are mainstay in the treatment of preeclampsia with severe features (PWSF). Premature delivery, severity of illness and mother-infant separation may increase the risk for breastfeeding (BF) initiation failure. OBJECTIVE: To compare BF initiation among women with late-onset PWSF treated with MgSO4 to women with late-onset preeclampsia without severe features (WOSF) who did not receive MgSO4. METHODS: Retrospective study of 158 women with PWSF and 104 with WOSF who delivered at ≥34 weeks. Intention to BF, formula feed (FF) or partially BF was declared prenatally. At discharge, exclusive BF included direct BF or direct BF with expressed breast milk (EBM). RESULTS: PWSF and WOSF groups were similar in age, race, and obstetric history. PWSF and WSOF differed in primiparity (65 & 51%), late preterm births (73 vs 15%), admission to NICU (44 &17%) and mother (5 & 4d) and infant (6 & 3d) hospital stay. Both groups were similar in intention to BF (80 & 84%), to FF (16 & 13%) and to partially BF (5 & 5%). At discharge, exclusive BF (37 & 39%), partial BF (33 & 31%) and FF (30 & 30%) were similar. Exclusive BF in the PWSF group was 43% direct BF, 28% direct BF and EBM and 29% EBM alone whereas in the WOSF group exclusive BF was 93% direct BF and 7% direct BF and EBM. CONCLUSION: BF initiation rates for women with PWSF and WOSF were similar. EBM alone or with direct BF enabled infants in the PWSF group to exclusively BF at discharge.
Prevalence and predictors of return to work among stroke survivors in Jordan
Authors: Yousef Huda A. , Khalil Hanan W. , Nazzal Mohammad S. , El-Salem Khalid I. , Hawamdeh Ziad M. , Almeida Patrícia
Published: December 2020

BACKGROUND: Returning to work (RTW) is an essential goal for many stroke survivors. Currently, the prevalence of RTW post stroke in developing countries such as Jordan is unknown. Additionally, more research is required to identify factors that contribute to RTW post stroke. OBJECTIVES: This study aims to (1) determine the prevalence of RTW among stroke survivors in Jordan, and (2) determine the predictors of RTW from a holistic perspective using the Occupational Therapy Practice Framework (OTPF) 3rd edition. METHODS: Recruitment was carried out from different Jordanian hospitals and rehabilitation centers. A complete battery of outcome measures was used to reflect OTPF domains. These included outcome measures of occupations, client factors, performance skills, and context and environment. Logistic regression was used to determine factors that predicted RTW. RESULTS: 69 participants were enrolled; 45 Males, 24 females; mean age±SD, 52.2±11.07 years. Only 29% succeeded in RTW during the first year after stroke onset. The highest percentage of RTW was among craft workers (40% ), and those who were self-employed (60% ). Of those who resumed work, 35% returned to their previous work, while 65% needed to make work modifications, or change positions or jobs. Factors that predicted higher rates of RTW were walking speed (Odds ratio (OR)=0.004, 95% confidence interval (CI)=0.00–0.55, P < 0.02), as well as absence of environmental restrictions (OR = 21.16, 95% CI = 1.91–233.5, P < 0.013). CONCLUSIONS: The alarming low prevalence of RTW among stroke survivors in Jordan emphasizes the essential need to develop vocational rehabilitation programs. Clinicians should pay attention to enhancing walking abilities and reducing environmental restrictions post stroke, in order to improve the occurrence of RTW.
Smart heating panels to increase thermal comfort and efficiency
Authors: Backes Damian , Trenktrog Marten , Eckstein Lutz
Published: December 2020

BACKGROUND:

The increasing electrification poses new challenges with respect to thermal comfort in vehicle passenger cabins. While conventional air heating with electric heaters is technically possible, it causes significant reductions in the electric driving range.

OBJECTIVE:

Two contradicting objectives are to be achieved: Fast heat up to provide thermal comfort and high energy efficiency to maximize the driving range under all conditions.

METHODS:

This apparent area of conflict can be eased by the usage of low temperature radiation reducing the energy intensive heat up of the cabin air. In order to provide high energy efficiency, the emitted radiation should mostly be directed towards relevant body regions of the passengers, resulting in the necessity to redesign the passenger cabin.

RESULTS:

A novel approach to redesign and optimize the dashboard and a resulting radiation heating system are presented. In order to reduce computational effort of such an optimization, the complex three-dimensional geometry is sliced into simplified two-dimensional regions which are considered individually. The resulting heating system has been manufactured and integrated into a class A vehicle. Objective thermal comfort measurements as well as subjective comfort ratings have been conducted to validate the simulative approach and the resulting energy savings of approximately 30 %.

CONCLUSIONS:

The developed approach to achieve a fast time to comfort as well as an increased energy efficiency shows promising results as the heating system based on it cuts performs well considering objective and subjective measurements.
An extended model of the ISO-2631 standard to objectify the ride comfort in autonomous driving
Authors: Burkhard Georg , Berger Tobias , Enders Erik , Schramm Dieter
Published: December 2020

BACKGROUND:

With the development of autonomous driving, the occupants’ comfort perception and their activities during the drive are becoming increasingly the focus of research. Especially in one of the first applications, a drive on a motorway, vertical dynamics play a major role.

OBJECTIVE:

To be able to robustly objectify ride comfort, better models need to be developed. Initial studies have shown, that the current ISO-2631 standard creates good results in the objectification and can be regarded as benchmark.

METHODS:

To increase the accuracy in objectification, an extended model with the occupants’ head as additional measuring point is introduced. Instead of the known frequency filters, weighting (k-factors) is used to differentiate possible excitations. For comparing the model with the ISO-2631, a simulator study with 5 excitations and 50 inattentive subjects is carried out.

RESULTS:

Evaluating the study with the ISO-2631, 3 out of 5 excitations indicate a significant difference between the occupant’s impression and the calculated comfort value. In comparison the extended model has no significant difference.

CONCLUSION:

The results further show, that inattentive occupants move their heads significantly more. By measuring accelerations of the head, the extended model creates equivalent or more accurate comfort values than the ISO-2631.
Driver seat comfort for level 3-4 autonomous vehicles
Authors: Mansfield Neil J. , Walia Kartikeya , Singh Aditya
Published: December 2020

BACKGROUND:

Autonomous vehicles can be classified on a scale of automation from 0 to 5, where level 0 corresponds to vehicles that have no automation to level 5 where the vehicle is fully autonomous and it is not possible for the human occupant to take control. At level 2, the driver needs to retain attention as they are in control of at least some systems. Level 3-4 vehicles are capable of full control but the human occupant might be required to, or desire to, intervene in some circumstances. This means that there could be extended periods of time where the driver is relaxed, but other periods of time when they need to drive.

OBJECTIVE:

The seat must therefore be designed to be comfortable in at least two different types of use case.

METHODS:

This driving simulator study compares the comfort experienced in a seat from a production hybrid vehicle whilst being used in a manual driving mode and in autonomous mode for a range of postures.

RESULTS:

It highlights how discomfort is worse for cases where the posture is non-optimal for the task. It also investigates the design of head and neckrests to mitigate neck discomfort, and shows that a well-designed neckrest is beneficial for drivers in autonomous mode.
Effect of scent on comfort of aircraft passengers
Authors: Yao Xinhe , Song Yu , Vink Peter
Published: December 2020

BACKGROUND:

Scents may influence the perceived comfort of an environment. There are only a few studies conducted on the relationship between scent and comfort in aircraft cabin.

OBJECTIVES:

The goal of this research is to explore whether relationships between scents and perceived comfort can be found for passengers in an aircraft cabin.

METHODS:

276 participants joined an experiment in a Boeing 737 fuselage. The participants were divided into nine groups and each joined a session for 60 minutes with the exposure to different scents. The effect of the odor was measured by a set of questionnaires at the beginning and at the end of the session. Results of questionnaires were analyzed regarding the effects on the completion time, of the type of scents, of the intensity of the scent and on gender.

RESULTS:

Significant differences were found at the beginning and at the end of the experiment regarding comfort and emotion, but sometimes no relations could be established. The influence of different scents on comfort/discomfort varied and changed over time. However, in all scenarios, participant’ scores on emotion decreased. Additionally, the added scents influenced the linearity between the changes in comfort and discomfort.

CONCLUSIONS:

Smell could influence the perceived comfort/discomfort of aircraft passengers over time, and different types of smells have different effects on passengers. The preferences on scents are diverse, which highlights the need for personalization in aircraft cabin design.
Los impactos del mosquito transgénico en el hombre y el medio ambiente
Authors: Silva Agnaldo Plácido da , Plácido Eloá Jessica Mendes dos Santos , Moraes Walber Breno de Souza
Published: December 2020

Uno de los mayores desafíos actualmente para la salud pública en Brasil y en todo el mundo son las enfermedades transmitidas por vectores, y las medidas de control actuales son ineficientes. Los mosquitos se encuentran entre los vectores de diversas enfermedades, debido a que son hematófagos, las hembras requieren sangre en el período de ovulación para la reproducción y una vez contaminados, el mosquito puede contener bacterias, protozoos y virus que se asignan en sus glándulas salivales, infectando así al individuo directamente en el torrente sanguíneo. Aedes aegypti es responsable de las enfermedades: dengue, zika, chikungunya y fiebre amarilla. Las formas de control de los mosquitos vectores hasta ahora son ineficaces, y con esto se han desarrollado varias tecnologías como alternativas en el control y combate del mosquito Aedes aegypti. Con las recientes aprobaciones para la liberación de insectos modificados genéticamente, es necesario realizar estudios más detallados para evaluar su potencial ecológico y sus efectos evolutivos. Estos efectos pueden ocurrir en dos fases: una fase transitoria cuando la población focal cambia en densidad, y una fase de estado estacionario cuando alcanza una densidad nueva y constante. Con las innovaciones en el control de vectores a través de insectos genéticamente modificados nos dan una nueva perspectiva en relación con la manipulación genética. Este estudio tiene como objetivo evaluar los posibles efectos de un cambio rápido en la densidad del mosquito Aedes aegypti relacionado con el control biológico a través del mosquito modificado genéticamente. Así que nos preguntamos, ¿puede la biotecnología ser una solución a los problemas de salud pública en el caso del mosquito Aedes aegypti o un problema? Dado que la transformación o modificaciones de estos seres vivos en los laboratorios son nuevas técnicas que hasta ahora es imposible saber cuáles serán las consecuencias a largo plazo.
Gli impatti della zanzara transgenica sull’uomo e sull’ambiente
Authors: Silva Agnaldo Plácido da , Plácido Eloá Jessica Mendes dos Santos , Moraes Walber Breno de Souza
Published: December 2020

Una delle maggiori sfide attualmente per la salute pubblica in Brasile e nel mondo sono le malattie trasmesse da vettori e le attuali misure di controllo sono inefficienti. Le zanzare sono tra i vettori di varie malattie, perché sono ematofagi, le femmine richiedono sangue nel periodo di ovulazione per la riproduzione e una volta contaminate, la zanzara può contenere batteri, protozoi e virus che vengono assegnati nelle loro ghiandole salivari, infettando così l’individuo direttamente nel flusso sanguigno. Aedes aegypti è responsabile delle malattie: dengue, zika, chikungunya e febbre gialla. Le forme di controllo per le zanzare vettoriali finora sono inefficaci, e con questo diverse tecnologie sono state sviluppate come alternative nel controllo e nel combattimento della zanzara Aedes aegypti. Con le recenti approvazioni per l’emissione di insetti geneticamente modificati, sono necessari studi più dettagliati per valutarne il potenziale ecologico e gli effetti evolutivi. Questi effetti possono verificarsi in due fasi: una fase transitoria quando la popolazione focale cambia in densità e una fase di stato stazionario quando raggiunge una densità nuova e costante. Con le innovazioni nel controllo vettoriale attraverso insetti geneticamente modificati ci danno una nuova prospettiva in relazione alla manipolazione genetica. Questo studio mira a valutare i potenziali effetti di un rapido cambiamento nella densità della zanzara Aedes aegypti correlata al controllo biologico attraverso la zanzara geneticamente modificata. Ci chiediamo quindi se la biotecnologia possa essere una soluzione ai problemi di salute pubblica nel caso della zanzara Aedes aegypti o un problema? Poiché la trasformazione o le modifiche di questi esseri viventi nei laboratori sono nuove tecniche che finora è impossibile sapere quali saranno le conseguenze a lungo termine.
The impacts of the transgenic mosquito on man and the environment
Authors: Silva Agnaldo Plácido da , Plácido Eloá Jessica Mendes dos Santos , Moraes Walber Breno de Souza
Published: December 2020

One of the biggest challenges currently for public health in Brazil and worldwide are vector-borne diseases, and current control measures are inefficient. Mosquitoes are among the vectors of various diseases, because they are hematophagous, females require blood in the ovulation period for reproduction and once contaminated, the mosquito can contain bacteria, protozoa and viruses that are allocated in their salivary glands, thus infecting the individual directly into the bloodstream. Aedes aegypti is responsible for the diseases: dengue, zika, chikungunya and yellow fever. The forms of control for vector mosquitoes so far are ineffective, and with this several technologies have been developed as alternatives in the control and combat of the Aedes aegypti mosquito. With recent approvals for the release of genetically modified insects, there is a need for more detailed studies to assess their ecological potential and evolutionary effects. These effects can occur in two phases: a transient phase when the focal population changes in density, and a steady state phase when it reaches a new and constant density. With the innovations in vector control through genetically modified insects give us a new perspective in relation to genetic manipulation. This study aims to evaluate the potential effects of a rapid change in the density of the Aedes aegypti mosquito related to biological control through the genetically modified mosquito. So we wonder, can biotechnology be a solution to public health problems in the case of the Aedes aegypti mosquito or a problem? Since the transformation or modifications of these living beings in laboratories are new techniques that so far it is impossible to know what the long-term consequences will be.
Число случаев пандемического гриппа в Бразилии в 2009 и 2010 годах
Authors: Torres Carine Correa , Facco Lucas , Fecury Amanda Alves , Araújo Maria Helena Mendonça de , Oliveira Euzébio de , Dendasck Carla Viana , Souza Keulle Oliveira da , Dias Claudio Alberto Gellis de Mattos
Published: December 2020

Пандемический грипп является чрезвычайно трансмиссивным инфекционным заболеванием. Основными симптомами могут развиться у человека: кашель, боль в горле, насморк, лихорадка и затрудненное дыхание. Цель этой работы заключалась в том, чтобы показать число случаев пандемического гриппа в Бразилии в 2009 и 2010 годах. Исследование проводилось в базе данных Департамента информатики Единой системы здравоохранения Бразилии – DATASUS (http://datasus.saude.gov.br/). Вирус гриппа имеет такую же характерную характеристику, как и крайняя трансмиссивность, что способствует высокому числу инфицированных. В 2010 году было отмечено численное сокращение числа случаев заболевания, вероятно, в связи с расширением знаний населения о профилактике и знаниях о болезни и ее органических последствиях. Было отмечено, что в 2009 и 2010 годах в Бразилии было зарегистрировано больше случаев пандемического гриппа среди женщин (главным образом у женщин детородного возраста, будь то беременных или нет), и, следовательно, большее число случаев смерти. По сравнению с 2009 годом, в 2010 году было больше случаев, когда пациент развивался положительно, достигнув результата лечения.
THE KEY SUCCESS FACTORS AND KEY OBSTACLES OF ADMINISTRATION OF THE PREVENTION AND CONTROL OF COVID–19 IN THAILAND
Authors: Nanongkhai Surachart , Pornimit Korawik , Upradit Anongwan
Published: December 2020

Health workforces in both urban and rural areas in Thailand formed a professional public health association (CPHA) in 2005 and pushed the government to enact the Community - Public Health Professional Act (CPH Act) until success in 2013. The purpose of CPH council is to regulate its member practice with professional standard and professional ethics. By law, the president of the CPHA is a member of the professional council by position and CPHA have to support the activities of CPH council. The objective of this study is to describe the opinion of the members of the CPHA executive board about the key success factors and t obstacles of administration of the COVID – 19 during the lockdown period in Thailand. Delphi technique is a process of arriving at group consensus by providing experts with rounds of questionnaires, as well as the group response before each subsequent round. The group of experts are 24 members of the CPHA executive board. By collecting data between March - July 2020. There were unmatched and different opinions in the first round, but when presented with the same information. In the second round, more than 75% agreed that the factors that were most important to the administration of COVID – 19 prevention and control were 100% or consensus are leadership of health workforces, accurate knowledge and information of workers in COVID prevention and control, and unity level of work together as a team. The top three obstacles were 83.33%, a centrally defined committee structure, equal to the normality regulations that were not appropriate with the COVID – 19 situations and 79.17 sufficiency of supporting essential materials. The results of this study are consistent with the WHO Framework’s Six Building Blocks.
PERGERAKAN KELOMPOK TERORIS THE RED BRIGADES DI ITALIA TAHUN 1968 – 2004
Authors: Putri Desty Amalia , Fahri Anisa , Puspita Dea , Rizkiya Meisya
Published: December 2020

Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk membahas tentang pergerakan kelompok The Red Brigades dalam melakukan aksi terornya di Italia periode tahun 1968-2004. Banyak kelompok sayap kiri yang muncul karena adanya krisis ekonomi yang terjadi pada saat itu dan anggapan bahwa pemerintah Italia yang cenderung condong ke Amerika Serikat yang terkenal sebagai negara kapitalis. Red Brigades adalah salah satu dari sekian banyak kelompok sayap kiri yang muncul karena adanya krisis ekonomi dan juga kesenjangan sosial. Dengan berjalannya waktu, tujuan utama Red Brigades yang awalnya memfokuskan kepada kesejahteraan masyarakat menengah ke bawah lama kelamaan menjadi ambigu. Para pemimpin Red Brigades menjadikan kesempatan ini untuk menghancurkan pemerintahan dan menjadikan Italia sebagai negara yang menganut paham komunisme. Tulisan ini menjelaskan bagaimana awal kemunculan kelompok teroris Red Brigades mampu menggoyahkan pemerintah Italia sampai akhirnya mereka memutuskan untuk bubar. Penulis menggunakan teori rational choice dan konsep kelompok kepentingan untuk menganalisis kasus. Teknik yang dipergunakan adalah studi dokumen dan penelusuran literatur atau dengan menggunakan studi kepustakaan. Studi dokumen dan penelusuran literature ini merupakan suatu alat pengumpulan data yang melalui data tertulis. Hasil dari tulisan ini menunjukan bahwa bagaimana Red Brigades telah menjadi kelompok terorisme yang anarkis yang menjadikan kesenjangan sosial sebagai alasannya.
PENGHIJAUAN UNTUK KETAHANAN PANGAN DI RT.04 KAMPUNG CICADAS GUNUNG PUTRI BOGOR
Authors: Anisa Ilma Siti , . Muhyani
Published: December 2020

Penghijauan merupakan suatu kegiatan yang dapat dilaksanakan guna melestarikan lingkungan dengan menerapkan penanaman tumbuhan agar lingkungan hidup menjadi lebih berguna sesuai fungsinya. Pada masa pandemic Covid-19 seperti ini masyarakat cemas akan makanan yang tidak terjamin kesterilannya dari virus yang bisa saja kita jadi tertular. Selain waspada terhadap makanannya kita pun terkena imbas dalam perekonomian yang menurun. Ketahanan keluarga salah satunya dapat dipenuhi melalui ketahanan pangan, disamping ketahanan sandang (pakaian), dan ketahanan papan (perumahan). Untuk mewujudkan ketahanan pangan keluarga salah satunya dapat diimplementasikan melalui cara dengan menanam sayuran menggunakan media polybag dan memanfaatkan barang-barang bekas. Kegiatan ini menggunakan metode action research dengan pelibatan masyarakat mulai dari perencanaan, pelaksanaan, monitoring dan evaluasi, serta pelembagaannya. Hal ini merupakan solusi dari keterbatasan lahan (tanah) sebagai media bertanam, dan merupakan juga salah satu solusi menghemat biaya pengeluaran keuangan keluarga serta menjadikan kita ini lebih kreatif dan dapat memanfaat waktu dengan bertanam. Dengan menanam sayur-sayuran ini salah satu model ketahanan pangan keluarga dengan memanfaatkan lingkungan dan menghasilkan sayuran untuk dikonsumsi sendiri ataupun dijual. Dan menjadi solusi yang cepat, mudah, dan hemat biaya pada masa pandemic Covid-19 seperti ini.