bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluating the therapeutic effect of tumor treating fields (TTFields) by monitoring the impedance across TTFields electrode arrays
Authors: Li Xing , Oziel Moshe , Rubinsky Boris
Published: February 2022

Background

Tumor Treating Fields (TTFields), are a novel, non-invasive tissue ablation technology for treatment of cancer. Tissue ablation is achieved through the continuous delivery of a narrow range of electromagnetic fields across a tumor, for a period of months. TTFields are designed to affect only cells that divide and to interfere with the cell division process. The therapy is monitored with MRI imaging, performed every couple of months. Current technology is unable to assess the treatment effectiveness in real time.

Methods

We propose that the effect of the treatment can be assessed, in real time, by continuously measuring the change in electrical impedance across the TTFields delivery electrode arrays. An in vitro anatomic skull experimental study, with brain and tumor mimics phantom tissues was conducted to confirm the potential value of the proposed monitoring system.

Results

Experiments show that measuring the change in the impedance amplitude between opposite TTFields electrode arrays, at a typical TTFields treatment frequency of (200 kHz), can detect changes in the tumor radius with a sensitivity that increases with the radius of the tumor. The study shows that TTFields electrode arrays can be used to assess the effectiveness of TTFields treatment on changes in the tumor dimensions in real time, throughout the treatement. This monitoring system may become a valuable addition to the TTFields cancer treatment technology. It could provide the means to continuously assess the effectiveness of the treatment, and thereby optimize the design of the treatment protocol.
Cyclin D1: A Prognostic Marker in Multiple Myeloma and its Association with CRP and β2-Microglobulin Level
Authors: Singh Amrita , Kushwaha Rashmi , Yadav Geeta , Verma Shailendra Prasad , Ali Wahid , Jain Mili , Dwivedi Pooja , Singh Uma Shankar
Published: February 2022

Introduction: Cyclin D1 is a protein encoded by the CCND1 (bcl-1) gene on chromosome 11q13 and it is an important regulator of G1 to S phase progression. Over expression of cyclin D1 protein releases cells from their normal controls when they need to exit from the cell cycle. This obstructs their maturation, and promotes transformation into a malignant phenotype. Aim: To study the role of cyclin D1 expression in trephine biopsies of multiple myeloma patients and its association with C-Reactive Protein (CRP), β2-microglobulin level and treatment response rate. Materials and Methods: This prospective observational study was conducted at Department of Pathology in collaboration with Department of Clinical Hematology, King George’s Medical University Lucknow, India, from September 2018 to August 2019. Total 40 cases of multiple myeloma fulfilling inclusion and exclusion criteria were enrolled. Bone marrow aspiration and biopsy was done in all the cases. Immunohistochemical expression of cyclin D1 on trephine biopsy was associated with CRP levels and β2-microglobulin expression. All investigations were repeated at six months follow-up and response was compared with expression of cyclin D1. The statistical tests applied were Chi-square test, student t-test and paired t-test. Results: On comparison of two groups cyclin D1 positive and cyclin D1 negative cases it was found that cyclin D1 positive cases had an early age of onset, more than 50% plasma cells on marrow aspirate and were associated with plasmablastic morphology. These cases also had increased CRP levels as compared to another group. Similarly, serum calcium, serum creatinine β2- microglobulin levels were more in cyclin D1 positive group. The age of cases ranged between 44 to 78 years, the mean age being 64.40±7.13 years. Total 67.5% of patients were males. Out of eight cases with weak cyclin D1 expression, five cases achieved partial response and two cases achieved complete response. One case was lost to follow-up. Among nine patients with strong cyclin D1 expression, six patients expired on six months followup and three patients achieved partial response. Conclusion: Cases who have strong cyclin D1 expression at time of diagnosis show poor response to treatment. This also associated with increased serum CRP and β2-microglobulin levels. Hence, cyclin D1 can be used as a prognostic marker in multiple myeloma.
Association of Mid-sagittal Anteroposterior Diameter of Lumbar Canal in Patients with Low Back Pain using MRI: A Cross-sectional Study from West Bengal, India
Authors: Nandi Chinmay , Bhaumik Dipankar , Bhowmik Krishnendu , Mitra Kaushik
Published: February 2022

Introduction: Lumbar spinal canal stenosis is the progressive narrowing of spinal canal that causes compression of nerve roots before their exit. The presenting symptoms of spinal canal stenosis includes bilateral lower extremity pain, altered sensation in both legs and poorly localised weakness and generally associated with low back pain. Determination of normal diameter and its variation with development of low back pain could prove useful in determining the aetiology and outcome of congenital or acquired causes of stenosis like spondylolisthesis, Paget’s disease, fluorosis, etc. Aim: To measure and compare the mid-sagittal anteroposterior diameter of lumbar canal in symptomatic cases with low back pain and asymptomatic subjects using Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI). Materials and Methods: The present study was a hospitalbased cross-sectional, observational study involving Out Patient Department (OPD) patients of Bangur Institute of Neurosciences, Kolkata, West Bengal, India, was undertaken from May 2012 to July 2012. The study participants were selected by systematic random sampling. Total number of 102 cases were investigated in this study. Out of these, 52 cases were symptomatic patients of low back pain and rest 50 cases were asymptomatic. MRI was done to estimate the mid-sagittal anteroposterior diameter at different levels of lumbar canal. Unpaired t-test was used as test of significance using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 19.0. A p-value <0.05 was considered as statistically significant. Results: In this study, in the asymptomatic group, the anteroposterior diameter at the intervertebral disc level -between L1-L2-18.364±1.4351 mm, L2-L3-17.470±1.3298 mm, L3- L4-16.670±1.6042 mm, L4-L5-15.200±1.8906 mm, L5-S1- 14.196±2.1092 mm. Mean diameter of central lumbar vertebral was found to be lower in symptomatic cases with low back pain at different vertebral levels and the difference was found to be statistically significant between symptomatic and asymptomatic subjects. It was found that age of presentation did not show any statistical significance with the presence of low back pain. Conclusion: The lumbar vertebral canal diameter was found to be significantly lower in subjects with low back pain than subjects having no complaints.
Assessing Willingness to Pay for Solid Waste Management in Ga East Municipal, Ghana
Authors: Asare J. A. , Boateng I. T. , Akaribo F. N. , Acheampong P.
Published: February 2022

Waste management has been a topic under discussion across the country which needs more attention. This study assesses the willingness to pay for solid waste management in Ga East Municipal, Ghana. Qualitative and quantitative approaches were used, and convenient sampling was used to select 100 respondents with 26 males and 74 females. A probit model was used to analyze factors affecting willingness to pay for solid waste management, Kendall's coefficient of concordance was used to analyze the challenges households face in accessing waste management, and Likert scale was used to analyze the improvement of waste management. The study revealed that age, education, household size, distance, and income are statistically significant and influenced willingness to pay for improved waste management. It was observed that 58% of the respondents representing the majority pay Ghc(1-4) in disposing refuse whilst 81% representing majority are willing to pay Ghc(4-6) for improved service. The study further revealed that inadequate dustbins and collection sites, distance, delay in collection of waste, and lack of waste management programs in the municipal were the significant challenges households face in accessing waste management. Provision of dustbins, allocation of collection points in communities, provision of toilet facilities, education on poor sanitation, and its menace are some measures that can help curb sanitation problems in the District. Therefore, the study recommend that Government and other stakeholders must sensitize members in the district on poor sanitation and its menace especially waste burning causing air pollution and also service providers should provide dustbins at vantage points in communities and pick them early when full, this will help to avoid environmental pollution leading to people’s willingness to pay for improved service.
Effect of Silver Nanoparticles Synthesized from Azadirachta indica Leaves Extract on Sickle Erythrocyte Membrane Stability
Authors: Isah Mustapha , Ahmed Ayuba Sumayya
Published: February 2022

Aim: To synthesize silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) from Azadirachta indica leaf extract and determine its effect on membrane stability.

Place and Duration of Study: Department of Biochemistry, Sokoto State University, Sokoto, Nigeria, between January 2021 and April 2021.

Methodology: Simple characterization using uv-vis spectroscopy was conducted and the well-known method for osmotic fragility was employed.

Results: Surface plasmon excitation for conversion of Ag+ to AgNPs was successfully achieved at 320 nm. The result revealed increase in membrane stability with 67.50 % for sickle erythrocyte (HbSS), 33.33 % for carrier erythrocyte (HbAS) and 23.33 % for normal erythrocyte (HbAA); thereby decreasing the erythrocyte lysis in the order of HbSS>HbAS>HbAA.

Conclusion: AgNPs synthesized from A. indica reduces osmotic fragility and hence increases membrane stabilizing potential particularly against sickle erythrocyte.
Readiness of Nuclear Energy Development in Uganda
Authors: S. Mutumba Geoffrey
Published: February 2022

This study investigates readiness of nuclear energy development in Uganda. A developing nation like Uganda relies on about 87% renewable energy yet a lot of its power potential remains untapped. Uganda’s energy potential of 41800MW exists abundantly of which 24000MW (57.4%) is nuclear energy potential, developing nuclear would be to explore its greatest potential. The growing global debate of the risks that accrue with the use of fossil fuels such as the existing state of climate change and the unprecedented global warming, many countries, Uganda inclusive, have realized the need to transition to de-carbonized economies.

This paper examines and discusses the potential of nuclear energy, considering it as a future energy from the perspective of sustainable development as it would emit less carbon dioxide compared to fossil fuels that also exist in plenty in the country. Comparative analysis with other countries are considered, Uganda’s readiness for safe nuclear energy development is discussed.

The paper used a qualitative research methods where document, literature and archival information is analysed with complex data synthesised to give greater meaning.

The findings for Uganda’s readiness are mainly embedded in the drivers as well as barriers to nuclear energy that not only affect Uganda but most sub Saharan Africa. Therefore Uganda needs to source for long term financing while assessing the geopolitical risk to develop nuclear power as a clean energy option.
Evaluation of the Effectiveness of Titanium-prepared Platelet rich Fibrin (T-PRF) and Demineralized Freeze-dried Bone Allograft (DFDBA) in Socket Preservation Followed by Implant Placement Using Two Stage Approach
Authors: Oza Ranu , Dhadse Prasad V.
Published: February 2022

Background: The focus of the implant therapy is now shifting to a stable restoration rather than mere osseointegration. Placement of dental implants has become an indispensable part of mainstream dentistry, offering an improved quality of life to patients. One of the physiological changes that occurs after tooth extraction is alveolar ridge resorption. A variety of bone graft materials and platelet concentrates which are abundant in growth factors have been incorporated that provides the added effect of combination for early and better healing.

Objectives: Evaluation of effectiveness of Titanium Prepared Platelet Rich Fibrin (T-PRF) and Demineralized Freeze-Dried Bone Graft (DFDBA) in socket preservation and simultaneous evaluation of implant stability three months after implant placement using two stage protocol.

Methodology: Present study will be performed over one year period. Twelve patients, each having one tooth indicated for extraction in either of the arches will be selected. Atraumatic extraction will be done followed by socket preservation using combination of T-PRF and DFDBA to promote early healing followed by placement of implant.

Expected Results: We expect early and better results of bone formation in healing sockets after preservation using T-PRF and DFDBA, which will be advantageous for implant placement. Better results in terms of bone volume, bone height, bone density and histomorphometry are expected.

Conclusion: Combined effect of DFDBA and T-PRF is expected to improve the periodontal parameters including both soft tissue and hard tissue outcomes.
Centering Ability of Three Different Reciprocating Rotary Files Using Cone Beam Computed Tomography – In-vitro Study
Authors: Gupta Radhika A. , Patel Aditya
Published: February 2022

Background: Centering ability of root canal files is considered to be an imperative factor during root canal instrumentation. Hence it is decided to evaluate and compare the centering ability of Reciprocating rotary files in teeth by means of cone beam computed tomography in vitro condition.

Objectives:

To evaluate the centering ability of the Reciproc file system in extracted mandibular molar.

To evaluate the centering ability of the Reciproc Blue file system in extracted mandibular molar.

To evaluate the centering ability of the WaveOne file system in extracted mandibular molar.

To compare the above file systems with each other.

Methodology:  30 Newly extracted mandibular molars will be considered in the study. Before access opening teeth will be exposed for a pre-instrumentation CBCT scan. After this scanning standard access cavity preparation will be done followed by checking canal patency using 10#K-file. Then teeth will be divided into three groups for root canal instrumentation. Group 1: Instrumentation by using Reciproc file, Group 2: Instrumentation by using Reciproc Blue file, Group 3: Instrumentation by using WaveOne file. For evaluation of centering ability, the equation introduced by Gambill (1996) i.e., (m1 – m2) ÷ (d1 – d2) or (d1 – d2) ÷ (m1 – m2) and (b1-b2) ÷ (l1-l2) or (l1-l2) ÷ (b1-b2) will be used after post instrumentation CBCT scanning. 

Expected Results: The Reciproc Blue file system is expected to give better results in canal centering ability.

Conclusion: Centering ability is considered to be important factor in biomechanical preparation, as it can retain the instruments in centre which is crucial to offer a precise extension, without weakening of the root structure. Different files are used to evaluate and compare the centering ability of instrument by CBCT.
Comparative Evaluation of Preventive and Interceptive Orthodontic Treatment Need in Children of 6-9 Years and 9.1- 12 Years
Authors: Nerurkar Sumukh , Kamble Ranjit , Shrivastav Sunita , Mathew Jeni Ann
Published: February 2022

Introduction: Preventive and interceptive orthodontics, emphasizes on reduction of later need for complex orthodontic treatment. This thus increases the comprehensiveness of healthcare and help in strengthening the primary care. In literature, there is no comparison between the preventive and interceptive treatment needs in patients belonging to growing age (6-9 years) and those belonging to non-growing age (9.1-12 years). There is a need to compare these finding according to the age group.

The present study aims to utilize the IPION to quantify the proportion of central Indian children who would gain from the preventive and interceptive orthodontics.

Materials and Methods: The study will be conducted in the Department of Orthodontics, SPDC, Wardha in collaboration with Department of Public Health Dentistry, SPDC, Wardha. Total 383 patient in age group of 6 to 12 years, will be selected. All the features of the IPION-6 and IPION-9 will be recorded, and the variables will be multiplied by weighting factors according to the instructions of the original study by Coetzee. All the features of IPION-12 will be recorded, and the variables will be multiplied by weighting factors.

Expected Results: There will be a decrease in the need of orthodontic treatment in patients who have completed the age of 9 years.
Determining the Risk Factor of Oral Cancer on Chewing Smokeless Tobacco Kharra: A Case–control Study
Authors: Lalnunsanga Jonathan , Lalruatzela . , Lalduhawma James , Chhabra Kumar Gaurav , Madhu Priyanka Paul
Published: February 2022

Background: Oral cancer is the sixth most common cancer globally; however, the incidence is much higher in the developing countries, including Pakistan, India, Sri Lanka. The etiology of oral cancer is multifactorial with majority of the cases attributable to separate and combined use of tobacco (smoked and smokeless), excessive alcohol consumption, betel quid, and betel quid substitutes. Among this, Kharra chewing (areca nut and tobacco) is the most prevalent addiction and the most common risk factors of oral cancer in central India.

Objectives: To evaluate the risk of oral cancer associated with kharra users and non-tobacco user. To evaluate the association for the risk factors of oral cancer with kharra and non-tobacco user.

Methodology: A hospital based case control study will be carry out in the study, the study will be conducted among the patient who had confirmed diagnosis of oral cancer and visited the hospital in AVBRH and SPDC Sawangi (Meghe) Wardha. Non- probability convenient sampling technique will be used for selecting the sample. The structured questionnaire will be used for collection of the data.

Expected Results: This study is mainly planned to evaluate the effects of Kharra chewing on oral cancer risk with the help of structured questionnaire. Hence, it is expected to identify the effects of Kharra chewing on the risk of oral cancer.
Efficacy of Levobupivacaine and Ropivacaine in Postoperative Pain control after Surgical Removal of Impacted Mandibular Third Molar: A Split Mouth Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Krishnan Sneha , Periasamy Senthilnathan , Kumar M. P. Santhosh
Published: February 2022

Objectives: The aim of the present clinical trial study is to compare the efficacy of 0.75% levobupivacaine with that of 0.75% ropivacaine for pain control after surgical removal of impacted mandibular third molars.

Methods: This prospective study included 40 patients (30 females and 10 males) who had been referred to the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery for surgical removal of third molars of similar difficulty index in two separate sessions under local anaesthesia. Within each patient, levobupivacaine was used to anesthetize one extraction side and for the other side, ropivacaine was used. Onset of anaesthesia, duration of surgery, timing of pain appearance and analgesic consumption were evaluated. Data collected was statistically analysed and results obtained.

Results: In this study we observed, there were no significant differences in onset of anaesthesia and duration of surgical procedure between the two groups (P> 0.05). Timing of pain appearance and of first drug consumption was earlier in the ropivacaine group than levobupivacaine group and the results were statistically significant (P< 0.05). Patients with levobupivacaine anaesthesia had significantly lower visual analogue (VAS) pain scores at 1 and 2 hours postoperatively than those with ropivacaine anaesthesia.  

Conclusion: Within the limitations of the present study, Levobupivacaine is a valid alternative to traditional local anaesthetics for surgical removal of lower third molars. It presents better pain relief when compared to ropivacaine in the immediate postoperative period as evidenced by lower VAS scores.
Influence of Storage Conditions on Powder Surface State and Hot Deformation Behavior of a Powder Metallurgy Nickel‐Based Superalloy
Authors: Zhang Qiang , Zheng Liang , Yuan Hua , Li Zhou , Zhang Guoqing , Xie Jianxin
Published: February 2022

Powder metallurgy (PM) FGH96 superalloy powders are stored under vacuum, argon, ambient air, and oxygen atmospheres for as long as 500 days. The surface analysis results demonstrate that the chemical state of Ni, Ti, Cr, Co, O, and C remain unchanged after 90 days storage. However, the oxygen content and NiO/Ni(OH)2 layer thickness increase from initial values (∼120 ppm and ∼3.8 nm) to stabilized values (∼200 ppm and ∼10 nm) after a short time storage (7–15 days), and remain basically unchanged with the extension of storage time. Powders stored in oxygen atmosphere possess the highest oxygen content (maximum 213 ppm) while the lowest in vacuum, the gap can reach to 25 ppm. The hot isostatic‐pressed (HIPed) parts that consolidated from original and stored powders are isothermally compressed at different conditions. The results indicate that HIPed parts with more oxygen will cause higher activation energy and narrower processing window due to a lower degree of dynamic recrystallization (DRX). Discontinuous DRX (DDRX) dominates the DRX nucleation mechanism of HIPed FGH96 superalloys with ∼120–200 ppm oxygen content, while continuous DRX (CDRX) is the auxiliary mechanism. The increased oxygen content and surface NiO/Ni(OH)2 layer thickness of superalloy powders generate higher oxygen content of corresponding HIPed parts, thus decreasing the hot workability.
Sterically and Temperature Controlled Divergent Cycloadditions of α,β‐Unsaturated Imines with Vinylethylene Carbonates: Insights from Experimental and DFT Studies
Authors: Xie Xiaolong , Yuan Dandan , Ma Ben , Jin Jiaming , Wang Enpeng , Zhou Wenyi , Hu Yaowen , Hu Lihong , Wang Junwei
Published: February 2022

Divergent synthesis of heterocycles with controllable ring sizes from the same starting materials is a long‐standing challenge. We report herein the first example of controllable divergent [4+5] and [2+3] cycloadditions of α,β‐unsaturated imines and vinylethylene carbonates, which enables the selectively synthesis of nine‐membered and different five‐membered heterocycles by controlling the reaction temperature and the steric hindrance of substituent. This protocol features a broad substrate scope, wide functional group tolerance as well as operational simplicity. The reaction mechanism was investigated by con‐ducting a series of control experiments as well as DFT calculations and the origins of the regioselectivities of the cycloaddition process were rationalized.

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Competitive Doping Chemistry for Nickel‐Rich Layered Oxide Cathode Materials
Authors: Guo Yu‐Jie , Zhang Chao‐Hui , Xin Sen , Shi Ji‐Lei , Wang Wen‐Peng , Fan Min , Chang Yu‐Xin , He Wei‐Huan , Wang Enhui , Zou Yu‐Gang , Yang Xin'an , Meng Fanqi , Zhang Yu‐Ying , Lei Zhou‐Quan , Yin Ya‐Xia , Guo Yu‐Guo
Published: February 2022

Chemical modification of electrode materials by heteroatom dopants is crucial for improving storage performance in rechargeable batteries. Electron configurations of different dopants significantly influence the chemical interactions inbetween and the chemical bonding with the host material, yet the underlying mechanism remains unclear. We revealed competitive doping chemistry of Group IIIA elements (boron and aluminum) taking nickel‐rich cathode materials as a model. A notable difference between the atomic radii of B and Al accounts for different spatial configurations of the hybridized orbital in bonding with lattice oxygen. Density functional theory calculations reveal, Al is preferentially bonded to oxygen and vice versa, and shows a much lower diffusion barrier than BIII. In the case of Al‐preoccupation, the bulk diffusion of BIII is hindered. In this way, a B‐rich surface and Al‐rich bulk is formed, which helps to synergistically stabilize the structural evolution and surface chemistry of the cathode.
Photo‐Imprinting of the Helical Organization in Liquid‐Crystal Networks Using Achiral Monomers and Circularly Polarized Light
Authors: Sakaino Hirotoshi , Broer Dirk J. , Meskers Stefan C. J. , Meijer E. W. , Vantomme Ghislaine
Published: February 2022

Control over molecular motion is facilitated in materials with highly ordered nanoscale structures. Here we report on the fabrication of cholesteric liquid‐crystal networks by circularly polarized light irradiation, without the need for chiral dopant or plasticizer. The polymer network is obtained by photopolymerization of a smectic achiral diacrylate mesogen consisting of an azobenzene core and discrete oligodimethylsiloxane tails. The synchronous helical photoalignment and photopolymerization originate from the cooperative movement of the mesogens ordered in well‐defined responsive structures, together with the flexibility of the oligodimethylsiloxane blocks. The resulting thin films show excellent thermal stability and light‐induced memory features with reversible responses. Additionally, we demonstrate the fabrication of photo‐patterned films of liquid‐crystal networks with opposite helical senses. These findings provide a new method to make light‐controllable chiroptical materials with exciting applications in optics and photonics.
Comment on “Metal‐Free Triplet Phosphors with High Emission Efficiency and High Tunability”
Authors: Chen Yi , Wang Chih‐Hsing , Chou Tai‐Che , Chou Pi‐Tai
Published: February 2022

A series of β‐hydroxy‐vinylimine boron compounds 1–7 have been reported to exhibit unique dual emission, consisting of fluorescence and room temperature phosphorescence (RTP) in solution. This finding triggered intensive research of RTP in β‐hydroxy‐vinylimine boron derivatives. Herein, we show clear evidence that the associated dual emission, especially RTP, is caused by the experimental artifact, where bright emission intensity saturates the detection dynamic range of the fluorimeter.
Nickel‐Based Metal–Organic Frameworks for Coal‐Bed Methane Purification with Record CH4/N2 Selectivity
Authors: Wang Shao‐Min , Shivanna Mohana , Yang Qing‐Yuan
Published: February 2022

The enrichment and purification of coal‐bed methane provides a source of energy and helps offset global warming. In this work, we demonstrate a strategy involving the regulation of the pore size and pore chemistry to promote the separation of CH4/N2 mixtures in four nickel‐based coordination networks, named Ni(ina)2, Ni(3‐ain)2, Ni(2‐ain)2, and Ni(pba)2, (where ina=isonicotinic acid, 3‐ain=3‐aminoisonicotinic acid, 2‐ain=2‐aminoisonicotinic acid, and pba=4‐(4‐pyridyl)benzoic acid). Among them, Ni(ina)2 and Ni(3‐ain)2 can effectively separate CH4 from N2 with top‐performing performance because of the suitable pore size (≈0.6 and 0.5 nm) and pore environment. Explicitly, Ni(ina)2 exhibits the highest ever reported CH4/N2 selectivity of 15.8 and excellent CH4 uptake (40.8 cm3 g−1) at ambient conditions, thus setting new benchmarks for all reported MOFs and traditional adsorbents. The exceptional CH4/N2 separation performance of Ni(ina)2 is confirmed by dynamic breakthrough experiments. Under different CH4/N2 ratios, Ni(ina)2 selectively extracts methane from the gaseous blend and produces a high purity of CH4 (99 %). Theoretical calculations and CH4‐loading single‐crystal structure analysis provide critical insight into the adsorption/separation mechanism. Ni(ina)2 and Ni(3‐ain)2 can form rich intermolecular interactions with methane, indicating a strong adsorption affinity between pore walls and CH4 molecules. Importantly, Ni(ina)2 has good thermal and moisture stability and can easily be scaled up at a low cost ($25 per kilogram), which will be valuable for potential industrial applications. Overall, this work provides a powerful approach for the selective adsorption of CH4 from coal‐bed methane.
New 4‐phenylpiperazine‐carbodithioate‐N‐phenylacetamide hybrids: Synthesis, in vitro and in silico evaluations against cholinesterase and α‐glucosidase enzymes
Authors: Mohammadi‐Khanaposhtani Maryam , Nori Milad , Valizadeh Yousef , Javanshir Shahrzad , Dastyafteh Navid , Moaazam Ali , Hosseini Samanesadat , Larijani Bagher , Adibi Hossein , Biglar Mahmood , Hamedifar Haleh , Mahdavi Mohammad , Kamci Hamdi , Karakus Ahmet , Taslimi Parham
Published: February 2022

A series of novel 4‐phenylpiperazine‐carbodithioate‐N‐phenylacetamide hybrids (6a–n) was designed, synthesized, and evaluated for their in vitro inhibitory activity against the metabolic enzymes, acetylcholinesterase (AChE), butyrylcholinesterase (BChE), and α‐glucosidase. The obtained results showed that most of the synthesized compounds exhibited high to good anti‐AChE and anti‐BChE activity in the range of nanomolar concentrations in comparison to tacrine as a positive control. Molecular modeling of the most potent compounds 6e and 6i demonstrated that these compounds interacted with important residues of the AChE and BChE active sites. Moreover, all the newly synthesized compounds 6a–n had significant Ki values against α‐glucosidase when compared with the positive control acarbose. Representatively, N‐2‐fluorophenylacetamide derivative 6l, with a Ki value of 0.98 nM as the most potent compound, was 126 times more potent than acarbose with a Ki value of 123.70 nM. This compound also fitted in the α‐glucosidase active site and interacted with key residues. An in silico study of the druglikeness/absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME)/toxicity profile of the selected compounds 6e, 6i, and 6l predicts that these compounds are drug‐like and have the appropriate properties in terms of ADME and toxicity.
Software development for quantitative analysis of brain amyloid PET
Authors: Matsuda Hiroshi , Yamao Tensho
Published: February 2022

Introduction

Centiloid (CL) scaling has become a standard quantitative measure in amyloid PET because it allows the direct comparison of results across sites, even when different analytical methods or PET tracers are used.

Methods

In the present study, we developed new standalone software to easily handle a pipeline for accurate calculation of the CL scale for the five currently available amyloid PET tracers—11C‐PiB, 18F‐florbetapir, 18F‐flutemetamol, 18F‐florbetaben, and 18F‐NAV4694. This pipeline requires reorientation and coregistration of PET and MRI, anatomic standardization of coregistered PET to a standardized space using a warping parameter for coregistered MRI, application of standard volumes of interest (VOIs) to the warped PET, calculation of the standardized uptake value ratio (SUVR) for the target VOIs, and finally conversion of the SUVR to the CL scale. The PET data for these tracers were collected from the publicly available Global Alzheimer's Association Interactive Network (GAAIN) repository. We also developed software to map Z‐scores for the statistical comparison of a patient's PET data with a negative control database obtained from young healthy controls in the GAAIN repository.

Results

When whole cerebellum or whole cerebellum plus brainstem was chosen as the reference area, an excellent correlation was found between the CL scale calculated by this software and the CL scale published by GAAIN. There were no significant differences in the detection performance of significant amyloid accumulation using Z‐score mapping between each 18F‐labeled tracer and 11C‐PiB. The cutoff CL values providing the most accurate detection of regional amyloid positivity in Z‐score mapping were 11.8, 14.4, 14.7, 15.6, and 17.7 in the posterior cingulate gyrus and precuneus, frontal cortex, temporal cortex, parietal cortex, and striatum, respectively.

Conclusion

This software is able to not only provide reliable calculation of the global CL scale but also detect significant local amyloid accumulation in an individual patient.
Inducing competence‐based assignment in traditional structural engineering education: A case study
Authors: Ghoniem Amr , Ghoniem Eman
Published: February 2022

The paper is motivated by real problems concerning the evaluation of the academic performance, satisfaction, critical thinking skills, and creativity in the learning process of engineering students exposed to a mixture of lecture‐based learning with competence‐based learning. The study randomized 450 students, enrolled in a reinforced concrete structures course, into three equal groups. One group was assigned to problem‐based learning, while project‐ and technology‐based learning was conducted for the other two groups. The practices of these three groups were compared based on two methods: monitoring of both generic and technical skills and a questionnaire analysis that indicated student satisfaction, critical thinking skills, and creativity. On the basis of the findings, the students who passed the project‐ and technology‐based assignments held the highest achievement marks and reported higher satisfaction, critical thinking skills, and creativity. The obtained results revealed the necessity of technology to embrace new learning strategies that mimic real‐world problems.
Geotechnical engineering educational modules demonstrating measurement and regulation of soil moisture
Authors: Garg Ankit , Huang Yuanxu , He Huang , Huang Xilong , Lin Peng , Kalra Kanishk , Mei Guoxiong , Khandare Vaibhav , Singh Lovepreet
Published: February 2022

With the rapidly changing needs of the construction industry and higher education, Conceive—Design—Implement—Operate (CDIO) educational framework is essential in delivering basics and practical aspects to undergraduate students. This study presents an attempt to explore the use of hardware and software applications for geotechnical engineering education. An example for development of hardware (Arduino UNO) and software applications (Mobile applications) for estimating soil moisture and its regulation is presented. The study provides a new learning environment, where students from civil engineering (major) can work hand to hand with that from electronics (minor) to develop applications for soil moisture measurement. A collaborative workshop is proposed and executed. The workshop includes basic concepts related to hardware (Time domain reflectometry [TDR] probe, Arduino UNO, and Water flow measurement) and software (LabVIEW and Android studio programming platforms) followed by project implementation in a group of 5–6 students. Satisfaction and comprehension were found to increase significantly for subjects (electronics and optics) to students of civil engineering background. The adopted tools represent economical means for application in conventional classrooms as well as laboratories for undergraduate students with a civil engineering background. This integration of the digital and physical world is an attempt at approaching soil mechanics mathematics from technology and arts from a scientific perspective. The examples presented in this study can be useful for developing open‐source laboratories within the framework of the undergraduate curriculum in civil engineering.
Sex‐related differences in the trends and outcomes of trans‐septal transcatheter mitral valve replacement: Insights from the National Readmissions Database
Authors: Elbadawi Ayman , Tan Bryan E‐Xin , Sammour Yasser , Saad Marwan , Omer Mohamed , Baron Suzanne J. , Sharaf Barry , Abbott J. Dawn , Gordon Paul C.
Published: February 2022

Background

There is a paucity of data regarding the sex‐related differences in the trends and outcomes of trans‐septal transcatheter mitral valve replacement (TS‐TMVR).

Methods

The Nationwide Readmissions Database (2015–2018) was queried for admissions for TS‐TMVR. Propensity matched analysis was conducted to compare outcomes with hospitalizations for TS‐TMVR among women versus men. The main study outcome was in‐hospital mortality.

Results

Our final analysis included 2063 hospitalizations for TS‐TMVR; of whom, 58.1% were women. The proportion of women among those undergoing TS‐TMVR increased from 50% in 2015 to 60.2% in 2018 (Ptrend = 0.04). Compared with men, women undergoing TS‐TMVR were slightly younger, and had a distinct profile of comorbidities. After matching, there was no significant difference in in‐hospital mortality among women versus men undergoing TS‐TMVR (7.8% vs. 6.1%, OR = 1.30; 95% CI: 0.79–2.13). Subgroup analyzes showed an interaction toward higher mortality with women versus men among patients with CKD (Pinteraction = 0.07). There were no significant differences between women and men in in‐hospital complications or length of stay after TS‐TMVR. Compared with men, women undergoing TS‐TMVR were more likely to be discharged to a nursing facility (17.7% vs. 11.5%, p = 0.01) and had higher rates of 30‐day readmissions (22.4% vs. 13.6%, p = 0.01).

Conclusion

This nationwide analysis showed an increase in the proportion of women among patients undergoing TS‐TMVR during the study years. There were no differences in in‐hospital mortality, in‐hospital complications, or length of stay between both sexes following TS‐TMVR. Women were more likely to be discharged to nursing facilities and had higher rates of readmission at 30 days even after propensity matching.
Exploring the Mechanism of Cr(VI) Catalyzed Hypochlorous Acid Decomposition**
Authors: Busch Michael , Simic Nina , Ahlberg Elisabet
Published: February 2022

Chlorate is produced through electrolysis of a chloride containing electrolyte in an undivided cell. Cr(VI) is added to the electrolyte in order to minimize the amount of oxygen formed through the homogeneous decomposition of hypochlorite. Despite the importance of Cr(VI) for the chlorate process we posses only very limited knowledge regarding the active Cr(VI) species and mechanisms through which it aids chlorate formation and inhibits O2 evolution. Using density functional theory (DFT) modeling we present for the first time a detailed reaction mechanism for the chromate catalyzed chlorate formation. Our calculations indicate, that the reaction is initialized by the formation of a Cr(VI)‐O−ClOCl species which forms Cr(VI)‐OClO intermediate. This step is found to be rate determining with a rate constant which is comparable to the disproportionation reaction without catalyst. Chlorate is then obtained either through an uncatalyzed oxidation of chlorite to chlorate or the nucleophilic attack of OCl− followed by a second Cl− elimination step. The comparison of the activity of the different Cr(VI) species reveals that only CrO42− is active whereas HCrO4− and Cr2O72− display sluggish kinetics.
Oxygen‐Functionalized Boron Nitride for the Oxidative Dehydrogenation of Propane – The Case for Supported Liquid Phase Catalysis
Authors: Schmatz‐Engert Patrick , Herold Felix , Heinschke Silvio , Totzauer Lea , Hofmann Kathrin , Drochner Alfons , Weidenkaff Anke , Schneider Jörg J. , Albert Barbara , Qi Wei , Etzold Bastian J. M.
Published: February 2022

Boron and boron containing materials have created a new class of catalysts for the highly selective conversion of light alkanes to building block olefins. Boron oxide species seem to play an essential role for the oxidative dehydrogenation of propane. For boron nitride they are created through an induction process under reaction conditions. It is still not obvious how different kinds of oxidative pre‐activation influences the observed activity and selectivity. Here we compare two different oxygen activation strategies of boron nitride, a classical activation by calcination at different temperatures and ball‐milling with varying rotation velocity. These treatments allow to control the amount of introduced boron oxide species from 0.2 to 17.5 wt.‐%, as quantified by alkalimetric titration. The catalytic experimental data together with the pre, post as well as in situ characterization, give insights how the catalyst's surface changes under reaction conditions. On this backdrop it can be deduced that molten boron oxide predominantly acts as catalyst under reaction conditions, and boron nitride as catalyst support.
Dye‐Conjugated Spinach RNA by Genetic Alphabet Expansion
Authors: Lee Kyung Hyun , Kimoto Michiko , Kawai Gota , Okamoto Itaru , Fin Andrea , Hirao Ichiro
Published: February 2022

Light‐emitting systems using an RNA aptamer‐dye pair, such as Spinach RNA, are an attractive method for imaging and tracing RNA expression in vitro and in vivo. We present an alternative Spinach method by genetic alphabet expansion using an unnatural base pair system, in which a dye‐conjugated unnatural base substrate is site‐specifically incorporated at a specific position in Spinach RNA by transcription involving the third base pair. The incorporation position was predicted by molecular dynamics simulations. This dye‐conjugated Spinach RNA increased the thermal stability of the fluorescence, the robustness against ion sensitivity, and the resistance against photobleaching. Furthermore, we applied our method to Baby Spinach, a shorter version of Spinach, for dye conjugation toward the visible detection of transcripts. This is the first demonstration of an alternative RNA imaging method for a detection system using genetic alphabet expansion.
Time to blur the blast boundaries
Authors: DiNardo Courtney D. , Garcia‐Manero Guillermo , Kantarjian Hagop M.
Published: February 2022

A fixed 20% blast percentage to discriminate myelodysplastic neoplasms from acute myeloid leukemia is arbitrary and overly simplistic. Key factors for identifying the optimal therapy for a patient with a myeloid malignancy should rely most on the patient's characteristics (particularly age and fitness/frailty) and disease cytogenetic and mutational profile, with less reliance on the bone marrow blast percentage.
Steady‐State and Dynamic Bioanalysis using Carbon Quantum Dot‐based Luminescence Probes
Authors: Liu Yang , Zheng Jiaojiao , Liu Wencai , Yuan Zhiqin , Lu Chao
Published: February 2022

Carbon quantum dots (CQDs) with excellent biocompatibility, tunable emission and designable surface composition have been widely applied for luminescent sensing of diverse biological targets. In addition to homogeneous bioanalysis, dynamic bioanalysis of biological analytes is also achieved with the combination of single‐particle imaging technique. In this review, we majorly conclude the recently adopted steady‐state and dynamic bioanalysis based on CQD luminescence probes. The synthesis and luminescence mechanism of CQDs is first introduced. Regarding the CQD‐based luminescent bioanalysis, sensing principles and tactics are provided. The steady‐state bioanalysis systems are discussed according to the targets. Dynamic bioanalysis platforms are concluded in two aspects: time‐dependent accumulation and real‐time dynamics. This review ends with the discussion of challenges and future trends of CQD probe‐based luminescent bioanalysis.
Development of a Chitosan/Nickel Phthalocyanine Composite Based Conductometric Micro‐sensor for Methanol Detection
Authors: Musa Ibrahim , Raffin Guy , Hangouet Marie , Martin Marie , Alcacer Albert , Zine Nadia , Bellagambi Francesca , Jaffrezic‐Renault Nicole , Errachid Abdelhamid
Published: February 2022

Thin‐film composite of chitosan/nickel phthalocyanine (NiPc) was electrochemically deposited on the fingers of interdigitated gold electrodes, applying chronoamperometric polymerization technique. The presence of crystallized NiPc in the chitosan was confirmed by EDX and FTIR analysis. Acetone, ethanol, and methanol gas‐sensing properties of the films prepared at optimum conditions were studied at atmospheric temperature, through differential measurements at an optimized frequency of 10 kHz, using a lock‐in amplifier. The conductometric sensor presents the highest sensitivity of 60.2 μS.cm−1(v/v) for methanol and 700 ppm as the limit of detection. For validation, the methanol content of a commercial rubbing alcohol was determined.
Hybrid energy storage system topology approaches for use in transport vehicles: A review
Authors: Lencwe Mpho J. , Chowdhury Shyama P. Daniel , Olwal Thomas O.
Published: February 2022

High peak current for vehicle starting, recuperation of regenerative braking energy, longer battery lifespan, and more significant acceleration among others in modern transport vehicles (TVs) require increased battery size. Moreover, batteries have high energy density and low power density. Therefore, a big battery pack can weigh more, shorten its lifespan, increase vehicle total mass, and increase battery degradation costs. On the one hand, higher power energy storage systems (ESSs) such as supercapacitors, lithium‐ion capacitors, and superconducting magnetic ESSs have a lower energy density, higher power density, and greater lifespan. Thus, to satisfy the requirements of modern TVs, the combination of higher energy and higher power density can provide enhanced performance and a longer battery lifespan for these vehicles. Available research publications in the literature have addressed a similar problem. However, these publications have reported the findings separately, providing various research and conclusions. Currently, no available literature has compiled an intelligible and combined analysis for addressing hybrid ESS configurations, sizing methods, and energy management strategies to create further knowledge in this domain. There is a need to consolidate a compact and insightful knowledge toward this research direction for a more significant societal and industrial impact. This paper critically reviews the hybrid higher energy density batteries and higher power density ESSs used in TVs. It discusses the integration configurations, applications, and provides sizing methods to achieve the best hybrid energy storage systems (HESSs). Also, applied control methods are described for these HESSs such that the overall system performance matches the vehicle requirements. Lastly, it provides insights and future research direction for HESS configuration, sizing, and control.
A new approach for emergency department performance positioning: The quality‐efficiency matrix
Authors: Scorza Alessandra , Porazzi Emanuele , Strozzi Fernanda , Garagiola Elisabetta , Gimigliano Alessandra , De Filippis Giuseppe
Published: February 2022

Highlights

Measuring emergency department performance is challenging in order to manage the resources.

The developed performance measurement tool focussed on two variables (quality and efficiency).

Quality refers to appropriateness of triage code and patient satisfaction, while efficiency refers to length of stay.

This tool reduces the measurement complexity, thanks to its fast graphical comprehension.
Does the tail risk index matter in forecasting downside risk?
Authors: Hung Jui‐Cheng , Liu Hung‐Chun , Yang J. Jimmy
Published: February 2022

This study employs an augmented realized GARCH (RGARCH) model to examine whether two well‐known tail risk measures, namely the SKEW and VVIX indices, can improve the daily value‐at‐risk (VaR) forecasting accuracy for S&P500 index returns. We find that the RGARCH‐VVIX model exhibits better predictive accuracy than the RGARCH and RGARCH‐SKEW models. The VVIX index provides economically valuable information in forecasting VaR. Given its ability to improve both accuracy and efficiency for VaR forecasts, the RGARCH‐VVIX model is helpful for a risk manager to determine capital requirement and for investors to assess the downside risk of their investments.