bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Synthesis and Biological Activity of Embelin and its Derivatives: An Overview
Authors: Sheng Zhaojun , Ge Siyuan , Gao Min , Jian Rongchao , Chen Xiaole , Xu Xuetao , Li Dongli , Zhang Kun , Chen Wen-Hua
Published: October 2019

Embelin is a naturally occurring para-benzoquinone isolated from Embelia ribes (Burm. f.)
of the Myrsinaceae family, and contains two carbonyl groups, a methine group and two hydroxyl
groups. With embelin as the lead compound, more than one hundred derivatives have been reported.
Embelin is well known for its ability to antagonize the X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein (XIAP)
with an IC50 value of 4.1 μM. The potential of embelin and its derivatives in the treatment of various
cancers has been extensively studied. In addition, these compounds display a variety of other biological
effects: antimicrobial, antioxidant, analgesic, anti-inflammatory, anxiolytic and antifertility activity.
This paper reviews the recent progress in the synthesis and biological activity of embelin and its derivatives.
Their cellular mechanisms of action and prospects in the research and development of new
drugs are also discussed.
Receptor-Interacting Protein Kinase 1 (RIPK1) as a Potential Therapeutic Target: An Overview of Its Possible Role in the Pathogenesis of Alzheimer's Disease
Authors: Chan Hong Hao , Koh Rhun Yian , Lim Chooi Ling , Leong Chee Onn
Published: October 2019

Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) is an age-dependent neurodegenerative disorder, the most common
type of dementia that is clinically characterized by the presence of beta-amyloid (Aβ) extracellularly and
intraneuronal tau protein tangles that eventually leads to the onset of memory and cognition impairment,
development of psychiatric symptoms and behavioral disorders that affect basic daily activities. Current
treatment approved by the U.S Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for AD is mainly focused on the
symptoms but not on the pathogenesis of the disease. Recently, receptor-interacting protein kinase 1
(RIPK1) has been identified as a key component in the pathogenesis of AD through necroptosis. Furthermore,
genetic and pharmacological suppression of RIPK1 has been shown to revert the phenotype of
AD and its mediating pathway is yet to be deciphered. This review is aimed to provide an overview of
the pathogenesis and current treatment of AD with the involvement of autophagy as well as providing a
novel insight into RIPK1 in reverting the progression of AD, probably through an autophagy machinery.
Amyloid-β Oligomers-induced Mitochondrial DNA Repair Impairment Contributes to Altered Human Neural Stem Cell Differentiation
Authors: Lu Jing , Li Yi , Mollinari Cristiana , Garaci Enrico , Merlo Daniela , Pei Gang
Published: October 2019

Background:

Amyloid-β42 oligomers (Aβ42O), the proximate effectors of neurotoxicity observed
in Alzheimer’s disease (AD), can induce mitochondrial oxidative stress and impair mitochondrial
function besides causing mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) damage. Aβ42O also regulate the proliferative
and differentiative properties of stem cells.

Objective:

We aimed to study whether Aβ42O-induced mtDNA damage is involved in the regulation of
stem cell differentiation.

Method:

Human iPSCs-derived neural stem cell (NSC) was applied to investigate the effect of Aβ42O on
reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and DNA damage using mitoSOX staining and long-range
PCR lesion assay, respectively. mtDNA repair activity was measured by non-homologous end joining
(NHEJ) in vitro assay using mitochondria isolates and the expression and localization of NHEJ components
were determined by Western blot and immunofluorescence assay. The expressions of Tuj-1 and
GFAP, detected by immunofluorescence and qPCR, respectively, were examined as an index of neurons
and astrocytes production.

Results:

We show that in NSC Aβ42O treatment induces ROS production and mtDNA damage and impairs
DNA end joining activity. NHEJ components, such as Ku70/80, DNA-PKcs, and XRCC4, are localized
in mitochondria and silencing of XRCC4 significantly exacerbates the effect of Aβ42O on
mtDNA integrity. On the contrary, pre-treatment with Phytic Acid (IP6), which specifically stimulates
DNA-PK-dependent end-joining, inhibits Aβ42O-induced mtDNA damage and neuronal differentiation
alteration.

Conclusion:

Aβ42O-induced mtDNA repair impairment may change cell fate thus shifting human NSC
differentiation toward an astrocytic lineage. Repair stimulation counteracts Aβ42O neurotoxicity, suggesting
mtDNA repair pathway as a potential target for the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders like
AD.
Alzheimer’s Disease and Retinal Degeneration: A Glimpse at Essential Trace Metals in Ocular Fluids and Tissues
Authors: Micera Alessandra , Bruno Luca , Cacciamani Andrea , Rongioletti Mauro , Squitti Rosanna
Published: October 2019

Background:

Life expectancy is increasing all over the world, although neurodegenerative
disorders might drastically affect the individual activity of aged people. Of those, Alzheimer’s Disease
(AD) is one of the most social-cost age-linked diseases of industrialized countries. To date, retinal diseases
seem to be more common in the developing world and characterize principally aged people. Agerelated
Macular Degeneration (AMD) is a late-onset, neurodegenerative retinal disease that shares several
clinical and pathological features with AD, including stress stimuli such as oxidative stress, inflammation
and amyloid formations.

Method:

In both diseases, the detrimental intra/extra-cellular deposits have many similarities. Aging,
hypercholesterolemia, hypertension, obesity, arteriosclerosis and smoking are risk factors to develop
both diseases. Cellular aging routes have similar organelle and signaling patterns in retina and brain. The
possibility to find out new research strategies represent a step forward to disclose potential treatment for
both of them. Essential trace metals play critical roles in both physiological and pathological condition
of retina, optic nerve and brain, by influencing metabolic processes chiefly upon complex multifactorial
pathogenesis.

Conclusion:

Hence, this review addresses current knowledge about some up-to-date investigated essential
trace metals associated with AD and AMD. Changes in the levels of systemic and ocular fluid essential
metals might reflect the early stages of AMD, possibly disclosing neurodegeneration pathways
shared with AD, which might open to potential early detection.
Nordihydroguaiaretic Acid in Therapeutics: Beneficial to Toxicity Profiles and the Search for its Analogs
Authors: Mala John Geraldine Sandana , Takeuchi Satoru , Venkatraman Ganesh , Rayala Suresh Kumar
Published: October 2019

Nordihydroguaiaretic acid (NDGA) is a plant lignan obtained from creosote bush, Larrea
tridentata and is known to possess antioxidant, anticancer activities and is used in traditional medicine
in North America and Mexico. However, its prolonged consumption leads to liver damage and
kidney dysfunction. Despite its toxicity and side effects, there is little awareness to forbid its consumption
and its use in the treatment of medical ailments has continued over the years. Several reports
discuss its therapeutic efficiency and its medical applications have tremendously been on the
rise to date. There has been a recent surge of interest in the chemical synthesis of NDGA derivatives
for therapeutic applications. NDGA derivatives have been developed as better alternatives to
NDGA. Although several NDGA derivatives have been chemically synthesized as evidenced by recent
literature, there is a paucity of information on their therapeutic efficacies. This review is to
highlight the medicinal applications of NDGA, its toxicity evaluations and discuss the chemical derivatives
of NDGA synthesized and studied so far and suggest to continue research interests in the
development of NDGA analogs for therapeutic applications. We suggest that NDGA derivatives
should be investigated more in terms of chemical synthesis with preferred conformational structures
and exploit their biological potentials with future insights to explore in this direction to design and
develop structurally modified NDGA derivatives for potential pharmacological properties.
A Variety of Bio-nanogold in the Fabrication of Lateral Flow Biosensors for the Detection of Pathogenic Bacteria
Authors: Cheng Nan , Yang Zhansen , Wang Weiran , Wang Xinxian , Xu Wentao , Luo Yunbo
Published: October 2019

Pathogenic bacteria constitute one of the most serious threats to human health. This has led
to the development of technologies for the rapid detection of bacteria. Bio-nanogold-based lateral flow
biosensors (LFBs) are a promising assay due to their low limit of detection, high sensitivity, good selectivity,
robustness, low cost, and quick assay performance ability. The aim of this review is to provide
a critical overview of the current variety of bio-nanogold LFBs and their targets, with a special focus on
whole-cell and DNA detection of pathogenic bacteria. The challenges of bio-nanogold-based LFBs in
improving their performance and accessibility are also comprehensively discussed.
A Novel Copper-Catalyzed Synthesis of N-Monosubstituted 2-Alkynimidamides from 1-Alkynes and Trichloroacetamidines
Authors: Dastjerdi Hossein Fasihi , Nematpour Manijeh , Rezaee Elham , Jahani Mehdi , Tabatabai Sayyed Abbas
Published: October 2019

A one-pot Cu-catalyzed synthesis of functionalized alkynyl imidamide by terminal alkynes,
trichloroacetonitrile and aniline or benzyl amine is reported. The compounds were produced via coupling
reaction of terminal alkynes with trichloroacetamidine. This method was performed under mild,
ligand-free conditions and easy work-up method.
Recursive Partitioning Analysis and Anti-Tubercular Screening of 3- Aminopyrazine-2-Carbohydrazide Derivatives
Authors: Miniyar Pankaj , Mahajan Anand , Anuse Dattatray , Kumar Ashish , Barmade Mahesh , Sarkar Dhiman , Arkile Manisha , Khedkar Vijay
Published: October 2019

Background:

Treating tuberculosis is a challenge due to the development of drug
resistance. Hence, it is imperative to develop novel leads having high potency and efficacy to curb
drug resistance.

Methods:

The present research work is focused on microwave-assisted synthesis of novel twenty-six
3-amino-N’-benzylidenepyrazine-2-carbohydrazide derivatives (3a-z), where, lyophilization
technique was used for isolation of the major intermediate, 3-aminopyrazin-2-carbohydrazide. All
synthesized compounds were subjected for anti-tubercular screening against Mycobacterium
tuberculosis H37Ra by using XTT Reduction Menadione Assay (XRMA) protocol.

Results:

Out of 26 synthesized compounds, four N’-substitutedbenzaldehyde-3-amino-pyrazine-2-
carbohydrazide derivatives viz. 3i, 3j 3v and 3z showed significant activity against M. tuberculosis
H37Ra. The compounds 3i, 3j, 3v and 3z showed 99, 98, 92 and 87 % inhibition respectively as
compared to 94% inhibition shown by the standard drug rifampicin. The MIC and IC50 values were in
the range of 24.3-110 and 5.9-20.8 µg/ml respectively.

Conclusion:

A classification model called Recursive Partitioning (RP) based on binary Quantitative
Structure-Activity Relationship (QSAR) was derived for the establishment of structure-activity
relationship (SAR). The predictions derived on the basis of RP model were found to be in agreement
with anti-tubercular screening data.
Genetic Anomalies of the Respiratory Tract
Authors: Cuppari Caterina , Cutrupi Maria Concetta , Salpietro Annamaria , Sallemi Alessia , Fusco Monica , Parisi Giuseppe Fabio , Salpietro Carmelo
Published: October 2019

Hereditary lung diseases can affect the airways, parenchyma and vasculature of the lung. Such diseases comprehend simple monogenic disorders such as Kartagener syndrome and α1-antitrypsin deficiency, in which mutations of critical genes are sufficient to induce well‐defined disease phenotypes. A major comprehension of the genetic basis of pulmonary diseases has produced new investigations into their underlying pathophysiology and contributed sometimes to clarify on more frequent sporadic forms. The presence of these structural abnormalities of the respiratory tract can be fatal, so that the identification of causative genes has allowed prenatal diagnosis for many diseases giving a greater hope of survival thanks to a more adequate and prompt management.
Analysis of Organic Impurities of Besifloxacin Hydrochloride by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography with Isocratic and Gradient Elution
Authors: Manoel Joanna Wittckind , Alves Giordani Camila Ferrazza , Bueno Livia Maronesi , Campanharo Sarah Chagas , Sherman Schapoval Elfrides Eva , Garcia Cássia Virgínia , Steppe Martin , Volpato Nádia Maria
Published: October 2019

Introduction:

Impurity analysis is an important step in the quality control of pharmaceutical
ingredients and the final product. Impurities can arise from drug synthesis or excipients and even at
small concentrations may affect product efficacy and safety. In this work, two methods using highperformance
liquid chromatography (HPLC) were developed and validated for the evaluation of besifloxacin
and its impurity synthesis, with isocratic elution and another with gradient elution.

Method:

The analysis by HPLC in isocratic elution mode was performed using a cyano column maintained
at 25 °C. The mobile phase was composed of 0.5% triethylamine (pH 3.0): acetonitrile (88:12
v/v) eluted at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min with detection at 330 nm. The gradient elution method was
carried out with the same column and mobile phase components only modifying the rate between organic
and aqueous phase during analysis. The procedures have been validated according to internationally
accepted guidelines, observing results within acceptable limits.

Results:

The methods presented were found to be linear in the 140 to 260 μg/ mL range for besifloxacin
and 0.3 to 2.3 μg/ mL for an impurity named A. The limits of detection and quantification were,
respectively, 0.07 and 0.3 μg/ mL for impurity A, with a 20 μL injection volume. The precision
achieved for all analyses performed provided RSD inter-day equal to 6.47 and 6.36% for impurity A
with isocratic elution and gradient, respectively. The accuracy was higher than 99% and robustness
exhibited satisfactory results. In the isocratic method, an analysis time of 25 min and 15 min was obtained
for the gradient. For impurity A, the number of theoretical plates in the isocratic mode was about
5000 while in the gradient mode it was about 45000, hence, it made the column more efficient by
changing the mobile phase composition during elution. In besifloxacin raw material and in the pharmaceutical
product used in this study, other related impurities were present but impurity A was searched
for and not detected.

Conclusion:

The proposed methods can be applied for the quantitative determination of impurities in
the analysis of the besifloxacin raw material, as well as in ophthalmic suspension of the drug, considering
the quantitation limit.
Self-medication Pattern and Prevalence Among Iranian Medical Sciences Students
Authors: Niroomand Nastaran , Bayati Mohsen , Seif Mozhgan , Delavari Somayeh , Delavari Sajad
Published: October 2019

Background:

Self-medication could be risky behavior and has negative effects. While Over the Counter (OTC) drugs are available at drugstores, the behavior has become prevalent among the general population.

Objective:

This study aimed at surveying self-medication behavior among medical sciences students of Shiraz, Iran.

Methods:

A sample of 396 students from medical, paramedical, and health sciences disciplines were included in this cross-sectional study. They were asked to fill a questionnaire about their demographics and socioeconomic status, medication usage and self-medication in the last six months, information about the correct use of medication, and information about negative results of selfmedication. Data were analyzed using chi-square, t-test and logistic regression model using R statistical software.

Results:

Almost 72% of participants reported self-medication in the past sixth months. The main reasons included trust in their own diagnosis (59.9%), mildness of the disease (56.6%), and having previous experience about the disease (56%). Cough or cold (84.5%), headache (66.3%), and body pain (60.2%) were the most frequent diseases that led to self-medication. The majority of the participants (77.7%) reported they select their medicine on their own decision. Furthermore, self-medication was highly related to having medicine stock at home (OR=2.692), having less information about negative results of self-medication (OR=0.835), and more non-syllabus study time (OR=1.041).

Conclusions:

Although, medical science students have information about the treatment of illnesses, they should be more informed about negative results and side-effects of self-medication. They should also share their knowledge with society to decrease self-medication.
Numerical and Experimental Investigation of Electrical Efficiency Improvement of a Micro Combined Heat and Power (m-CHP) System by Modifying Cam Curve of OHVG Engine
Authors: Goodarzvand-Chegini Fatemeh , Habibi Mohammdreza , Rakhsha Saeed , Samiee Leila , Amini Meisam , Jaafari Jalil , Barati Aghil
Published: October 2019

Background:

The purpose of this research is to study the solutions for improving
the efficiency of a micro combined heat and power (m-CHP) system based on OHVG
(OverHead Valve Gas fueled) engine.

Method:

In this regard, the effects of valve timing and changing the camshaft on the power
and fuel consumption of the engine have been numerically and experimentally investigated.
The tests have been performed for engine speed range from 1000 rpm to 3500 rpm, while the
engine's fuel was natural gas. The numerical results are found to be in good agreement with
experimental ones. The effect of changing the valve timing and camshaft on the performance
of the m-CHP has been investigated through the experiments in the test room. The engine
speed was 1500 rpm; output hot water was fixed at 55oC; and output electrical power varies
from 8 kW to 13 kW in the experiments.

Results & Conclusion:

The experimental results of the engine test indicate that, by changing
the camshaft for full load operation and speed 1500 rpm, engine torque and volumetric efficiency
improved by 7.2% and 6.0%, respectively, and fuel consumption decreased by 0.8%.
According to the results, the best point for the performance of m-CHP is close to the full
load of the electrical power because by increasing the electrical load, electrical efficiency increases
from about 25.9% to 32.3%, while the thermal efficiency decreases from about
61.9% to 56.1%.
IGNITING FOLKTALES AS CHILDREN’S LEARNING SOURCES IN SENTANI JAYAPURA PAPUA
Authors: Yektiningtyas Wigati
Published: October 2019

Sentani is one of more than two hundred tribes in Papua that has various folklore as their invaluable cultural heritages. One of them is folktale.  Folktales that used to be passed down with some purposes are not recognised by the people anymore. This serious phenomenon cannot be ignored since there are philosophy, mythology, and indigenous knowledge they carried with that can be used to build identity and the whole social life of Sentani people.  This writing aims at igniting Sentani folktales and using them as learning sources for children. Data were collected through observation, deep interview, and recordings in three areas of Sentani, namely East, Central, and West Sentani. The research used socio-cultural approach and involved tribal chiefs, elderly people, parents, and teachers as the informants.  The research found that folktales were still recognised in remote areas of Sentani, known by some tribal chiefs and elderly people and told mostly in Indonesian. Folktales collected can be used as various learning sources for children, i.e. (1) Sentani language, (2) literacy, (3) indigenous knowledge, and (4) character building. Igniting folktales as learning sources also means doing preservation of Sentani cultural heritages. Initiatives and discussion with tribal chiefs, government, and educators are urgently needed. Keyword: Sentani, cultural heritages, folktales MENGHIDUPKAN KEMBALI CERITA RAKYAT  SEBAGAI SUMBER BELAJAR ANAK-ANAK DI SENTANI JAYAPURA PAPUA AbstrakSentani adalah satu dari ratusan suku di Papua yang mempunyai berbagai pusaka budaya yang tak ternilai harganya. Salah satunya adalah cerita rakyat. Cerita rakyat yang dahulu dituturkan dengan bermacam tujuan ini kini telah ditinggalkan oleh sebagian besar  masyarakat. Fenomena seperti ini tak dapat dibi­ar­kan karena dalam cerita rakyat terdapat filosofi, mitologi, pengetahuan, dan nilai kearifan masyarakat yang dapat digunakan untuk membangun identitas dan kehi­dupan masyarakat secara keseluruhan. Artikel ini bertujuan untuk menghidupkan kembali cerita rakyat dan menggunakannya sebagai sumber pembelajaran untuk anak-anak. Data dikumpulkan melalui observasi, wawancara mendalam, dan rekaman di tiga wilayah Sentani, yaitu Sentani Timur, Sentani Tengah dan Sentani Barat. Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan sosial-budaya dan  melibatkan pe­mang­ku adat, tokoh masyarakat, orang tua dan guru sebagai informan.  Penelitian ini menemukan bahwa cerita rakyat masih dikenali di wilayah terpencil Sentani, dikuasai oleh sebagian kecil pemangku adat dan tokoh masyarakat, dan dituturkan sebagian besar dalam Bahasa Indonesia. Cerita yang diperoleh dapat digunakan sebagai sumber pembelajaran bagi anak-anak, yaitu (1) bahasa Sentani, (2) lite­rasi, (3) kearifan lokal, dan (4) pengembangan karakter. Menghidupkan kembali cerita rakyat sebagai sumber pembelajaran berarti melakukan preservasi pusaka budaya masyarakat. Inisiatif dan diskusi dengan para pemangku adat, pemerintah dan pemangku pendidikan perlu segera dilakukan. Kata Kunci: Sentani, pusaka budaya, cerita rakyat
REPRESENTATION OF CULTURE ECOLOGY IN WISRAN HADI’S PERSIDEN, GENERASI KETUJUH
Authors: Sugiarti Sugiarti , Rahma Wijaya Putra Candra
Published: October 2019

Culture and humans are interdependent and fused by ecological processes and natural energy cycles. The author as the creator of the work cannot be separated from the cultural environment from which it originates. This study aims to reveal (1) cultural elements and (2) representation of cultural ecology in the novel. The material object of this study is Wisran Hadi's Persiden, Generasi Ketujuh novel. The uses a qualitative descriptive method that describes the research subject based on the facts of the visible cultural ecology. Data analysis of the study is done by classifying data, categorizing data, and finding important issues related to the study of cultural ecology. In addition, it is also supported by interactive-dialectical analysis or back and forth to track the overall findings. The results of the study reveal that (1) the universal element of culture (cultural system) is the basis for discussion of cultural ecology. The cultural system is very dominant and even becomes the author's frame of mind in presenting the reality of life in his work. The strengths and relations built by each system represent the operation of cultural ecology in literature; (2) cultural ecology can be considered through a shift in people's mindsets in adapting to their environment. This adaptation has implications for the division of community groups into two. First, one community makes adaptation by maintaining local identity, namely tradition. Second, other societies make adaptation by leaving the tradition to the modern (global) trend. Keywords: culture ecology, elements of culture, adaptation
A PORTRAIT OF SUNDANESE MAINTENANCE IN MULTILINGUAL LEARNING IN BOGOR
Authors: Krishandini Krishandini , Defina Defina , Wahyuni Endang Sri
Published: October 2019

Elementary pupils who used to be multilingual speakers began to change into monolingual. Giving Indonesian language as a language of unity to the elementary students does not mean hoping regional languages to become extinct, especially with the Sundanese language which is the top five in the number of speakers in Indonesia. Therefore, the researchers conducted research in several schools in Bogor with the aim of 1) knowing the level of institutional and government support in maintaining the use of Sundanese language in Bogor; 2) knowing the implementation of Sundanese language learning in Bogor; 3) knowing the process of multilingual learning. A quantitative method was used by distributing questionnaires to several primary schools in Bogor with a total of 47 teachers and doing observations of elementary students. Findings indicate that negative attitudes toward the Sundanese language are shown by elementary students with occasional use of Sundanese language in interacting with their friends. Institutions and governments are less supportive by not requiring each elementary to have a special Sundanese-speaking day school within a week and not allowing teachers to improve their abilities. The ability of Sundanese language teachers in elementary schools in Bogor is still low in scientific writing using Sundanese language.Keywords: Sundanese language, language maintenance, multilingual learningPOTRET PELESTARIAN BAHASA SUNDA DALAM PENBELAJARAN MULTI-BAHASA DI BOGORAbstrak Siswa sekolah dasar yang dulunya bermulti-bahasa sudah mulai berbahasa tunggal. Penetapan bahasa Indonesia sebagai bahasa persatuan tidak harus mematikan bahasa daerah, termasuk bahasa Sunda yang memiliki jumlah pembicara terbesar ke lima di Indonesia. Peneliti melakukan penelitian dengan tujuan 1) mengetahui tingkat dukungan lembaga dan pemerintah dalam pelestarian bahasa Sunda di Bogor; 2) mengetahui pelaksanaan pembelajaran bahasa Sunda di Bogor; 3) mengetahui proses pembelajaran multi-lingual. Penelitian menggunakan metode kuantitatif dengan membagikan angket ke beberapa sekolah dasar di Bogor dengan total 47 guru dan melakukan observasi terhadap siswa sekolah dasar. Temuan penelitian menunjukkan adanya sikap negatif terhadap bahasa Sunda pada siswa sekolah dasar dengan kadang-kadang menggunakan bahasa Sunda ketika berinteraksi dengan teman-temannya. Lembaga dan pemerintah kurang mendukung dengan tidak mewajibkan sekolah dasar untuk menggunakan bahasa Sunda sehari dalam seminggu dan tidak mengusahakan peningkatan guru dalam berbahasa Sunda. Keterampilan guru masih rendah dalam keterampilan menulis ilmiah dalam bahasa Sunda.Kata kunci: bahasa Sunda, pelestarian bahasa, pembelajaran multibahasa
ENGLISH EQUIVALENT TRANSLATIONS FOR SUFFIX -NYA
Authors: Afrianto Afrianto , Reranta Redika Cindra
Published: October 2019

Suffix-nya is one of suffixes in Bahasa Indonesia which has various functions. Those varieties cause various forms of equivalent translation in English. Thus, this research aims at investigating the equivalent translation of suffix-nya and its functions. Applying documentary research, the researchers gathered the data in form of Indonesian sentence consisting suffix-nya and its translation from a novel Laskar Pelangi and its English version The Rainbow Troops. Further, this research was conducted under the qualitative method. The result of the analysis shows various equivalent translations and their functions. It is finally reported that the suffix-nya has six alternative equivalent translations; they are pronoun (his, her, their, its, he, his, her, them, and it), apostrophe (-‘s), article (the), demonstrative (this), adverb (-ly), and verb (modal + auxiliary: would be and should have, copular verb; seem). Other than the equivalents, there are seven functions found; they are possessive marker, objective pronoun, subjective pronoun, definite article, deictic marker, adverbial former, and predicate. Dealing with the context of sentences or discourse and understanding it helps to decide the best equivalent translation for suffix –nya which is pertained to a particular constituent of the sentences.Keywords: context, equivalent translation, function of the equivalence, suffix -nya PADANAN BAHASA INGGRIS UNTUK SUFIKS -NYAAbstrakSufiks –nya merupakan salah satu bentuk sufiks dalam bahasa Indonesia yang memiliki  beragam fungsi. Ragam fungsi tersebut memunculkan beberapa bentuk terjemahan dalam bahasa Inggris. Berkenaan dengan hal tersebut, penelitian ini menilik padanan dan fungsi sufiks –nya.  Sejalan dengan menerapkan analisis dokumen, data dikumpulkan dalam bentuk kalimat yang memiliki sufiks –nya dalam novel Laskar Pelangi dan terjemahan kalimat tersebut dalam novel The Rainbow Troops. Lebih jauh, metode kualitatif diaplikasikan dalam penelitian ini. Berdasarkan hasil analisis, dapat dilaporkan bahwa terdapat enam bentuk padanan untuk sufiks –nya, yaitu pronomina (his, her, their, its, he, his, her, them, dan it), apostrof (-‘s), artikel (the), demonstratif (this), adverbia (-ly), and verba (modal + kata kerja bantu (auxiliary): would be and should have, verba kopula: seem). Selain padanan tersebut, terdapat tujuh fungsi yang ditemukan, yakni penanda posesif (possessive marker), objektif pronominal, subjektif pronominal, artikel definit (definite article), penanda deiktis (deictic marker), pembentuk adverbia (adverbial former), dan predikat (predicate). Selain itu, dapat disimpulkan bahwa mengaitkan pada konteks kalimat dan memahaminya secara utuh merupakan langkah dalam menentukan dan mencari padanan sufiks –nya yang melekat pada konsituen tertentu dalam kalimat.Kata kunci: fungsi padanan, konteks, padanan, sufiks –nya,  terjemahan
WHAT IS NEWTON’S LAW OF INERTIA?: THE USE OF QUESTIONS IN SCIENCE LECTURES
Authors: Rido Akhyar
Published: October 2019

An inability to recognize discourse structure is seen by applied linguists as one of the main problems of non-native speaker students in understanding science lectures in English. In this circumstance, the use of interactive discourse structure like questions is salient as it is likely to aid comprehension. This research investigated the use of questions in science lectures in English in a university in Malaysia. By using conversation analysis (CA), a science lecturer was selected, video-recorded, and interviewed during two formal teaching hours. The findings show that the lecturer used a large quantity of display and referential questions. Display questions, comprising questions with ‘do’, ‘have’ and to be ‘is’ and ‘are,’ were posed to encourage participation and check students’ understanding toward the materials at hand. Meanwhile, referential questions, mostly started with ‘what’ or ‘what do you think’, ‘how’, ‘when’ and ‘where’, were employed to guide the students to understand science concept and stimulate critical thinking skills. This research, thus, suggested science lecturers to use questions in various types and ways to foster learning.Keywords: questions, types, functions, science lecture APAKAH HUKUM INERSIA NEWTON?:PENGGUNAAN PERTANYAAN DALAM PERKULIAHAN SAINS AbstrakKetidakmampuan dalam mengenali struktur wacana dilihat oleh ahli linguistik terapan sebagai salah satu masalah utama mahasiswa bukan penutur asli dalam memahami perkuliahan sains dalam bahasa Inggris. Dalam keadaan ini, penggunaan struktur wacana interaktif seperti pertanyaan sangat penting karena akan membantu memahami perkuliahan. Penelitian ini mengkaji penggunaan pertanyaan dalam perkuliahan sains dalam bahasa Inggris di satu universitas di Malaysia. Dengan menggunakan analisis percakapan (CA), seorang dosen sains dipilih, direkam, dan diwawancara selama dua perkuliahan formal. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dosen banyak menggunakan jenis pertanyaan display dan referensial. Pertanyaan display, yang terdiri dari pertanyaan dengan ‘do’, ‘have’, dan ‘is’ serta ‘are,’ berfungsi untuk mendorong partisipasi dan memeriksa pemahaman mahasiswa terhadap materi yang disampaikan. Sementara itu, pertanyaan referensial, dimulai dengan ‘what’ atau ‘what do you think’, ‘how’, ‘when’ dan ‘where’, digunakan untuk memandu mahasiswa memahami konsep sains dan merangsang keterampilan berpikir kritis. Oleh karena itu, hasil penelitian ini dapat menjadi pertimbangan para dosen sains untuk menggunakan berbagai jenis pertanyaan dengan berbagai cara untuk membantu memahami perkuliahan.Kata kunci: pertanyaan, jenis, fungsi, perkuliahan sains
FOREIGNIZATION AND DOMESTICATION STRATEGIES IN INDONESIAN TRANSLATIONS OF TAO TE CHING
Authors: Budianto Pauw
Published: October 2019

As a cultural dialogue, translation has two main ways: foreignization or domestication. These two translation methods are also reflected in the Indonesian translations of the Tao Te Ching. This paper attempts to analyze the performance of these two translation methods in nine books of Indonesian Tao Te Ching translations, including the title of the book and the main philosophical terms (Dao, De, Ziran, Wuwei). This is a qualitative descriptive study, with literature survey as the main method of data collection. The results show that the tension between the two translation methods in the nine versions of Indonesian translations of the Tao Te Ching are different, reflecting a complex phenomenon. Translation of the title of the book, mostly used combination between foreignization and domestication strategies, kept the book name Tao Te Ching and subtitles that expressed what kind of book was the Tao Te Ching in the translator’s mind. The translations of Dao had a trend of foreignization, while the translations of De were exactly the opposite. The translations of Ziran mostly used domestication strategy, and the translations of Wuwei had a trend of foreignization in some newest translations. Keywords: foreignization, domestication, Indonesian translations, Tao Te Ching STRATEGI FOREIGNISASI DAN DOMESTIKASI DALAM TEKS-TEKS TERJEMAHAN TAO TE CHING BERBAHASA INDONESIA AbstrakSebagai suatu bentuk dialog antarkultur, penerjemahan terutama memunyai dua cara, yakni foreignisasi dan domestikasi. Fenomena kedua metode penerjemahan ini juga muncul dalam teks-teks terjemahan Tao Te Ching berbahasa Indonesia. Artikel ini menganalisis bagaimana fenomena kedua metode penerjemahan ini terjadi di dalam teks-teks terjemahan tersebut yang terdiri atas sembilan versi berbeda dari berbagai tahun terbitan, terutama terkait penerjemahan judul buku dan penerjemahan konsep-konsep utama dalam Tao Te Ching (Dao, De, Ziran, Wuwei). Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian diskriptif kualitatif dengan studi literatur sebagai metode utama pengumpulan data. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tensi antara kedua metode penerjemahan tersebut dalam teks-teks terjemahan Tao Te Ching berbeda satu dengan yang lain menampilkan fenomena yang cukup rumit. Penerjemahan judul buku kebanyakan menggunakan perpaduan foreignisasi dan domestikasi mempertahankan judul asli Tao Te Ching dan judul kecil yang menunjukkan buku seperti apa Tao Te Ching di benak penerjemah. Penerjemahan kata Dao memunyai kecenderungan foreignisasi, penerjemahan kata De sebaliknya lebih cenderung domestikasi. Penerjemahan kata Ziran lebih banyak menggunakan domestikasi, penerjemahan kata Wuwei ada kecenderungan foreignisasi di beberapa karya terjemahan terbaru. Kata Kunci: foreignisasi, domestikasi, teks Tao Te Ching, Bahasa Indonesia
DONGKREK: AN ISLAMIC LITERATURE AND ARTFORM IN MADIUN EAST JAVA
Authors: Saddhono Kundharu , Lestari Winda Dwi
Published: October 2019

Dakwah refers to the spreading of Islam and its teachings through various means. Dongkrek, meanwhile, is a traditional artform with Islamic literary value that has been used as a medium for dakwah. This study seeks to describe and explore dongkrek as an artform with Islamic literary value and its use as a medium for dakwah in Madiun Regency. It is a qualitative study, which takes as its case study a dongkrek troupe from Madiun Regency. The main source of data for this study is the dongkrek performance itself; supporting data has been collected from texts and informants. Data collection involved observations, library research, and in-depth interviews with informants. For this study, data analysis was conducted using content analysis and interactive analysis. This study finds that dongkrek is an Islamic literary artform said to have been created by R. Bei Lo Prawirodipuro in 1910. It may be considered an Islamic artform as the lyrics used in performances convey Islamic teachings; it is through these lyrics that Islamic values are conveyed to audiences as a form of dakwah. It is shown that dakwah and dongkrek are complementary, ensuring both the innovativeness of dakwah and the survival of dongkrek. It may thus be said that dongkrek is both a spectator and guiding medium. Keywords: dakwah media, dongkrek, tradition, traditional performance artDONGKREK: SEBUAH SASTRA ISLAM DAN PERTUNJUKAN SENIDI MADIUN JAWA TIMUR AbstrakDakwah adalah cara menyebarkan agama Islam dengan metode yang beragam. Dongkreng adalah salah satu bentuk kesenian tradisional yang dapat digunakan sebagai media dakwah. Penelitian ini memiliki tujuan untuk menjelaskan dan mendeskripsikan kesenian dongkrek yang digunakan sebagai media dakwah di Kabupaten Madiun. Penelitian berbentuk penelitian kualitatif dengan pendekatan studi kasus. Studi kasus dilakukan pada kelompok kesenian dongkrek yang ada di Kabupaten Madiun. Sumber data utama dalam penelitian ini adalah bentuk pementasan dongkrek. Sumber data pendukung adalah teks dan informan. Teknik pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan observasi, studi pustaka, dan wawancara mendalam dengan informan. Teknik analisis data dalam penelitian ini menggunakan content analysis dan analisis interaktif. Dari hasil penelitian ditemukan bahwa kesenian dongkrek termasuk dalam sastra Islam yang diciptakan oleh R. Bei Lo Prawirodipuro tahun 1910. Disebut kesenian sastra Islam karena dalam kesenian dongkrek terdapat lirik lagu yang memuat tentang ajaran agama Islam. Kesenian dongkrek digunakan sebagai media dakwah dengan mengajarkan syi’ar kepada masyarakat melalui pementasan seni dan budaya. Hal ini seperti yang dilakukan oleh walisongo. Hubungan antara dakwah dan dongkrek adalah saling menguntungkan yaitu pembaruan dalam bidang dakwah serta pelesarian dalam bidang budaya. Dapat dikatakan dongkrek adalah sebagai media tontonan dan tuntunan.Kata kunci: media dakwah, dongkrek, tradisi, seni pertunjukan tradisional
Electronic Health Use in a Representative Sample of 18,497 Respondents in Norway (The Seventh Tromsø Study - Part 1): Population-Based Questionnaire Study
Authors: Wynn Rolf , Oyeyemi Sunday Oluwafemi , Budrionis Andrius , Marco-Ruiz Luis , Yigzaw Kassaye Yitbarek , Bellika Johan Gustav
Published: October 2019

Background

Electronic health (eHealth) services may help people obtain information and manage their health, and they are gaining attention as technology improves, and as traditional health services are placed under increasing strain. We present findings from the first representative, large-scale, population-based study of eHealth use in Norway.

Objective

The objectives of this study were to examine the use of eHealth in a population above 40 years of age, the predictors of eHealth use, and the predictors of taking action following the use of these eHealth services.

Methods

Data were collected through a questionnaire given to participants in the seventh survey of the Tromsø Study (Tromsø 7). The study involved a representative sample of the Norwegian population aged above 40 years old. A subset of the more extensive questionnaire was explicitly related to eHealth use. Data were analyzed using logistic regression analyses.

Results

Approximately half (52.7%; 9752/18,497) of the respondents had used some form of eHealth services during the last year. About 58% (5624/9698) of the participants who had responded to a question about taking some type of action based on information gained from using eHealth services had done so. The variables of being a woman (OR 1.58; 95% CI 1.47-1.68), of younger age (40-49 year age group: OR 4.28, 95% CI 3.63-5.04), with a higher education (tertiary/long: OR 3.77, 95% CI 3.40-4.19), and a higher income (>1 million kr [US $100,000]: OR 2.19, 95% CI 1.77-2.70) all positively predicted the use of eHealth services. Not living with a spouse (OR 1.14, 95% CI 1.04-1.25), having seen a general practitioner (GP) in the last year (OR 1.66, 95% CI 1.53-1.80), and having had some disease (such as heart disease, cancer, asthma, etc; OR 1.29, 95% CI 1.18-1.41) also positively predicted eHealth use. Self-rated health status did not significantly influence eHealth use. Taking some action following eHealth use was predicted with the variables of being a woman (OR 1.16, 95% CI 1.07-1.27), being younger (40-49 year age group: OR 1.72, 95% CI 1.34-2.22), having a higher education (tertiary/long: OR 1.65, 95% CI 1.42-1.92), having seen a GP in the last year (OR 1.58, 95% CI 1.41-1.77), and having ever had a disease (such as heart disease, cancer or asthma; OR 1.26, 95% CI 1.14-1.39).

Conclusions

eHealth appears to be an essential supplement to traditional health services for those aged above 40 years old, and especially so for the more resourceful. Being a woman, being younger, having higher education, having had a disease, and having seen a GP in the last year all positively predicted using the internet to get health information and taking some action based on this information.
Passive Monitoring of Short-Acting Beta-Agonist Use via Digital Platform in Patients With Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: Quality Improvement Retrospective Analysis
Authors: Chen Jessica , Kaye Leanne , Tuffli Michael , Barrett Meredith A , Jones-Ford Shelanda , Shenouda Tina , Gondalia Rahul , Henderson Kelly , Combs Veronica , Van Sickle David , Stempel David A
Published: October 2019

Background

Digital health programs assist patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) to better manage their disease. Technological and adoption barriers have been perceived as a limitation.

Objective

The aim of the research was to evaluate a digital quality improvement pilot in Medicare-eligible patients with COPD.

Methods

COPD patients were enrolled in a digital platform to help manage their medications and symptoms as part of their routine clinical care. Patients were provided with electronic medication monitors (EMMs) to monitor short-acting beta-agonist (SABA) use passively and a smartphone app to track use trends and receive feedback. Providers also had access to data collected via a secure website and were sent email notifications if a patient had a significant change in their prescribed inhaler use. Providers then determined if follow-up was needed. Change in SABA use and feasibility outcomes were evaluated at 3, 6, and 12 months.

Results

A total of 190 patients enrolled in the pilot. At 3, 6, and 12 months, patients recorded significant reductions in daily and nighttime SABA use and increases in SABA-free days (all P<.001). Patient engagement, as measured by the ratio of daily active use to monthly active use, was >90% at both 6 and 12 months. Retention at 6 months was 81% (154/190). Providers were sent on average two email notifications per patient during the 12-month program.

Conclusions

A digital health program integrated as part of standard clinical practice was feasible and had low provider burden. The pilot demonstrated significant reduction in SABA use and increased SABA-free days among Medicare-eligible COPD patients. Further, patients readily adopted the digital platform and demonstrated strong engagement and retention rates at 6 and 12 months.
Website Redesign of a 16-Week Exercise Intervention for People With Spinal Cord Injury by Using Participatory Action Research
Authors: Cole Maria , Froehlich-Grobe Katherine , Driver Simon , Shegog Ross , McLaughlin Jeffery
Published: October 2019

Background

People with spinal cord injury (SCI) are at higher risk for numerous preventable chronic conditions. Physical activity is a protective factor that can reduce this risk, yet those with SCI encounter barriers to activity and are significantly less likely to be active. Limited evidence supports approaches to promote increased physical activity for those with SCI.

Objective

Building upon our previous theory- and evidence-based approach to increase participation in regular physical activity for those with SCI, this study aimed to use a participatory action research approach to translate a theory-based intervention to be delivered via the Web to individuals with SCI.

Methods

A total of 10 individuals with SCI were invited to participate in consumer input meetings to provide the research team with iterative feedback on an initial website designed as a platform for delivering a theory-based exercise intervention.

Results

A total of 7 individuals with SCI whose average age was 43.6 years (SD 13.4) and lived an average age of 12.5 years (SD 14.9) with SCI met on 2 occasions to provide their feedback of the website platform, both on the initial design and subsequently on the revamped site. Their iterative feedback resulted in redesigning the website content, format, and functionality as well as delivery of the intervention program.

Conclusions

The substantially redesigned website offers an easier-to-navigate platform for people with SCI with greater functionality that delivers information using a module format with less text, short video segments, and presents more resources. Preliminary testing of the site is the next step.
Detecting Lifestyle Risk Factors for Chronic Kidney Disease With Comorbidities: Association Rule Mining Analysis of Web-Based Survey Data
Authors: Peng Suyuan , Shen Feichen , Wen Andrew , Wang Liwei , Fan Yadan , Liu Xusheng , Liu Hongfang
Published: October 2019

Background

The rise in the number of patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and consequent end-stage renal disease necessitating renal replacement therapy has placed a significant strain on health care. The rate of progression of CKD is influenced by both modifiable and unmodifiable risk factors. Identification of modifiable risk factors, such as lifestyle choices, is vital in informing strategies toward renoprotection. Modification of unhealthy lifestyle choices lessens the risk of CKD progression and associated comorbidities, although the lifestyle risk factors and modification strategies may vary with different comorbidities (eg, diabetes, hypertension). However, there are limited studies on suitable lifestyle interventions for CKD patients with comorbidities.

Objective

The objectives of our study are to (1) identify the lifestyle risk factors for CKD with common comorbid chronic conditions using a US nationwide survey in combination with literature mining, and (2) demonstrate the potential effectiveness of association rule mining (ARM) analysis for the aforementioned task, which can be generalized for similar tasks associated with noncommunicable diseases (NCDs).

Methods

We applied ARM to identify lifestyle risk factors for CKD progression with comorbidities (cardiovascular disease, chronic pulmonary disease, rheumatoid arthritis, diabetes, and cancer) using questionnaire data for 450,000 participants collected from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) 2017. The BRFSS is a Web-based resource, which includes demographic information, chronic health conditions, fruit and vegetable consumption, and sugar- or salt-related behavior. To enrich the BRFSS questionnaire, the Semantic MEDLINE Database was also mined to identify lifestyle risk factors.

Results

The results suggest that lifestyle modification for CKD varies among different comorbidities. For example, the lifestyle modification of CKD with cardiovascular disease needs to focus on increasing aerobic capacity by improving muscle strength or functional ability. For CKD patients with chronic pulmonary disease or rheumatoid arthritis, lifestyle modification should be high dietary fiber intake and participation in moderate-intensity exercise. Meanwhile, the management of CKD patients with diabetes focuses on exercise and weight loss predominantly.

Conclusions

We have demonstrated the use of ARM to identify lifestyle risk factors for CKD with common comorbid chronic conditions using data from BRFSS 2017. Our methods can be generalized to advance chronic disease management with more focused and optimized lifestyle modification of NCDs.