bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Customers’ Prior Knowledge in the Servitization of Traditional Handicrafts
Authors: Ho Bach Q.
Published: February 2024

To enhance the competitiveness of the traditional handicraft industry, providers should offer service experiences using their products (i.e., servitization) instead of merely selling them. Effective management for servitization in the traditional handicraft industry must consider the differences in customers’ prior knowledge. Nevertheless, previous studies have overlooked how this knowledge about traditional handicrafts impacts service experiences. This study explores which factors of consumer behavior (during services) and service outcomes (post-services) are affected by customers’ prior knowledge about a traditional handicraft. An organic food restaurant booth was provided at an annual summer festival about pottery as an experiment, and data were collected on customers’ meal experiences with a pottery plate through a questionnaire. The findings suggest that customers’ prior knowledge about a traditional handicraft promotes their search for information from service resources (i.e., organic foods) which are integrated with the traditional handicraft and their creativity during services, thereby changing their understanding of service resources and increasing satisfaction with service experience. This study contributes to services marketing by identifying the factors of during and post-services that are affected by customers’ prior knowledge about a traditional handicraft in the context of servitization.
Review of Related Factors for Persistent Risk of Hepatitis B Virus-Associated Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Varghese Nevin , Majeed Amry , Nyalakonda Suraj , Boortalary Tina , Halegoua-DeMarzio Dina , Hann Hie-Won
Published: February 2024

Chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is the largest global cause of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Current HBV treatment options include pegylated interferon-alpha and nucleos(t)ide analogues (NAs), which have been shown to be effective in reducing HBV DNA levels to become undetectable. However, the literature has shown that some patients have persistent risk of developing HCC. The mechanism in which this occurs has not been fully elucidated. However, it has been discovered that HBV’s covalently closed circular DNA (cccDNA) integrates into the critical HCC driver genes in hepatocytes upon initial infection; additionally, these are not targets of current NA therapies. Some studies suggest that HBV undergoes compartmentalization in peripheral blood mononuclear cells that serve as a sanctuary for replication during antiviral therapy. The aim of this review is to expand on how patients with HBV may develop HCC despite years of HBV viral suppression and carry worse prognosis than treatment-naive HBV patients who develop HCC. Furthermore, HCC recurrence after initial surgical or locoregional treatment in this setting may cause carcinogenic cells to behave more aggressively during treatment. Curative novel therapies which target the life cycle of HBV, modulate host immune response, and inhibit HBV RNA translation are being investigated.
Challenges and Promise for Glioblastoma Treatment through Extracellular Vesicle Inquiry
Authors: Liguori Giovanna L.
Published: February 2024

Glioblastoma (GB) is a rare but extremely aggressive brain tumor that significantly impacts patient outcomes, affecting both duration and quality of life. The protocol established by Stupp and colleagues in 2005, based on radiotherapy and chemotherapy with Temozolomide, following maximum safe surgical resection remains the gold standard for GB treatment; however, it is evident nowadays that the extreme intratumoral and intertumoral heterogeneity, as well as the invasiveness and tendency to recur, of GB are not compatible with a routine and unfortunately ineffective treatment. This review article summarizes the main challenges in the search for new valuable therapies for GB and focuses on the impact that extracellular vesicle (EV) research and exploitation may have in the field. EVs are natural particles delimited by a lipidic bilayer and filled with functional cellular content that are released and uptaken by cells as key means of cell communication. Furthermore, EVs are stable in body fluids and well tolerated by the immune system, and are able to cross physiological, interspecies, and interkingdom barriers and to target specific cells, releasing inherent or externally loaded functionally active molecules. Therefore, EVs have the potential to be ideal allies in the fight against GB and to improve the prognosis for GB patients. The present work describes the main preclinical results obtained so far on the use of EVs for GB treatment, focusing on both the EV sources and molecular cargo used in the various functional studies, primarily in vivo. Finally, a SWOT analysis is performed, highlighting the main advantages and pitfalls of developing EV-based GB therapeutic strategies. The analysis also suggests the main directions to explore to realize the possibility of exploiting EVs for the treatment of GB.
Extracellular Vesicles, Circulating Tumor Cells, and Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors: Hints and Promises
Authors: Bandini Sara , Ulivi Paola , Rossi Tania
Published: February 2024

Immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapy has revolutionized the treatment of cancer, in particular lung cancer, while the introduction of predictive biomarkers from liquid biopsies has emerged as a promising tool to achieve an effective and personalized therapy response. Important progress has also been made in the molecular characterization of extracellular vesicles (EVs) and circulating tumor cells (CTCs), highlighting their tremendous potential in modulating the tumor microenvironment, acting on immunomodulatory pathways, and setting up the pre-metastatic niche. Surface antigens on EVs and CTCs have proved to be particularly useful in the case of the characterization of potential immune escape mechanisms through the expression of immunosuppressive ligands or the transport of cargos that may mitigate the antitumor immune function. On the other hand, novel approaches, to increase the expression of immunostimulatory molecules or cargo contents that can enhance the immune response, offer premium options in combinatorial clinical strategies for precision immunotherapy. In this review, we discuss recent advances in the identification of immune checkpoints using EVs and CTCs, their potential applications as predictive biomarkers for ICI therapy, and their prospective use as innovative clinical tools, considering that CTCs have already been approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for clinical use, but providing good reasons to intensify the research on both.
Salivary Biomarkers for Parkinson’s Disease: A Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis
Authors: Nijakowski Kacper , Owecki Wojciech , Jankowski Jakub , Surdacka Anna
Published: February 2024

Parkinson’s Disease (PD) is a common neurodegenerative disease which manifests with motor features, such as bradykinesia, resting tremor, rigidity, and postural instability. Using the non-invasive technique of saliva collection, we designed a systematic review to answer the question “Are salivary biomarkers reliable for the diagnosis of Parkinson’s Disease?”. Following inclusion and exclusion criteria, 30 studies were included in this systematic review (according to the PRISMA statement guidelines). Mostly proteins were reported as potential biomarkers in saliva. Based on meta-analysis, in PD patients, salivary levels of total alpha-synuclein were significantly decreased, and those of oligomeric alpha-synuclein were significantly increased. Also, according to pooled AUC, heme oxygenase-1 demonstrated significant predictive value for saliva-based PD diagnosis. In conclusion, some potential biomarkers, especially alpha-synuclein, can be altered in the saliva of PD patients, which could be reliably useful for early diagnosis of this neurodegenerative disease differentiating other synucleopathies.
Variability in Leaf Color Induced by Chlorophyll Deficiency: Transcriptional Changes in Bamboo Leaves
Authors: Zhu Peng-Kai , Zeng Mei-Yin , Lin Yu-Han , Tang Yu , He Tian-You , Zheng Yu-Shan , Chen Ling-Yan
Published: February 2024

The diversity of leaf characteristics, particularly leaf color, underscores a pivotal area of inquiry within plant science. The synthesis and functionality of chlorophyll, crucial for photosynthesis, largely dictate leaf coloration, with varying concentrations imparting different shades of green. Complex gene interactions regulate the synthesis and degradation of chlorophyll, and disruptions in these pathways can result in abnormal chlorophyll production, thereby affecting leaf pigmentation. This study focuses on Bambusa multiplex f. silverstripe, a natural variant distinguished by a spectrum of leaf colors, such as green, white, and green–white, attributed to genetic variations influencing gene expression. By examining the physiological and molecular mechanisms underlying chlorophyll anomalies and genetic factors in Silverstripe, this research sheds light on the intricate gene interactions and regulatory networks that contribute to leaf color diversity. The investigation includes the measurement of photosynthetic pigments and nutrient concentrations across different leaf color types, alongside transcriptomic analyses for identifying differentially expressed genes. The role of key genes in pathways such as ALA biosynthesis, chlorophyll synthesis, photosynthesis, and sugar metabolism is explored, offering critical insights for advancing research and plant breeding practices.
Measuring the Impact of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic on Mobility Aspirations and Behaviours
Authors: Testa Davide J. , Nagarwala Zaheer A. S. H. , Vale João P. , Carrillo Andres E. , Sargent Cagney T. , Amollo Sharon , Nyamai Mutono , Carballo-Leyenda Belén , Onyima Blessing N. , Afolabi Ibukun , Mayor Tiago S. , Hargreaves Sally , Marković Marija , Flouris Andreas D.
Published: February 2024

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic prompted tens of thousands of people worldwide to migrate from cities in its early stages, leading to an increased spread of the virus. Understanding the factors driving relocation during a pandemic is crucial for effective outbreak control. We investigated how the pandemic influenced people’s aspirations and preparations to move, both domestically and internationally, surveying individuals in Greece, India, Italy, Kenya, Nigeria, Portugal, Serbia, Spain, and the United States of America. Out of 4448 eligible responses, 765 participants (17.2%) had a strong aspiration to move due to COVID-19, and 155 (3.5%) had already prepared. Those considering relocation were statistically significantly more likely to perceive moving to an area with fewer COVID-19 cases as protective against the virus (OR = 1.3, p < 0.05) or to know others who intended to relocate because of COVID-19 (OR = 1.5, p < 0.05). Conversely, a strong sense of being ‘at home’ reduced statistically significantly the strength of mobility aspirations (OR = 0.7, p < 0.01). Social alienation, social imitation, and the perceived efficacy of mobility increased aspirations to move due to COVID-19. This study emphasizes the rapid population movements at pandemic onset and their potential contribution to disease transmission, urging future pandemic planning to take account of such mobility dynamics.
Microvascular Changes after Epiretinal Membrane Vitrectomy with Intraoperative Intravitreal Dexamethasone Implant: An OCT Angiography Analysis
Authors: Baldascino Antonio , Carlà Matteo Mario , Vielmo Lorenzo , Gambini Gloria , Marzano Francesca Carolina , Margollicci Fabio , D’Onofrio Nicola Claudio , Rizzo Stanislao
Published: February 2024

Background: We aimed to explore microvascular changes evaluated with optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) in patients undergoing epiretinal membrane (ERM) pars-plana vitrectomy (PPV) combined with intravitreal Ozurdex implantation, compared with standard PPV. (2) Methods: Prospective interventional analysis on 25 eyes undergoing PPV + Ozurdex (Group A) and 25 eyes undergoing PPV alone. Best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and OCTA parameters, such as vessel density (VD) of the superficial and deep capillary plexi (SCP and DCP) in the whole 6.4 mm × 6.4 mm and fovea area, were evaluated preoperatively and 3 months after surgery. (3) Results: Postoperative BCVA significantly improved in both groups. No cases of post-operative cystoid macular edema (CME) were reported in Group A vs. two eyes in Group B. In Group A we found a statistically significant increase of SCP’s VD in either the whole image (from 42.1 ± 4.1 to 45.6 ± 4.3%, p = 0.01) and the fovea image (from 38.5 ± 7.5 to 41.7 ± 4.2%, p = 0.03). In Group B, we reported no significant variations in the SCP’s VDs. In the DCP, VD significantly increased only in the whole image in Group A. Stage 4 ERMs showed the greatest improvement in VD, especially in Group A. (4) Conclusions: Intraoperative Ozurdex prompted a significant BCVA recovery and limited the occurrence of postoperative CME compared to the standard procedure. Moreover, Ozurdex implant is associated with a better restoration of microvascular structure in SCP and DCP.
The Effects of Augmented Reality on Very Young Learners’ Motivation and Learning of the Alphabet and Vocabulary
Authors: Korosidou Eleni
Published: February 2024

This study aspires to contribute some initial results to the growing area of research regarding technology potential in the field of early foreign language literacy. An experiment was conducted to examine very young learners’ alphabet and vocabulary learning and retention in an early foreign language (FL) learning context when implementing augmented reality (AR) applications, while very young learners’ motivation was also assessed. A pilot intervention was implemented in a state school in northern Greece. The participants (n = 26) were primary school first-graders (5.5–6 years old) and were assigned into two groups, experimental (13) and control (13). To examine the effects of the intervention, this current study employed two instruments: (a) a pre-test–post-test model to assess young learners’ alphabet and vocabulary learning during three phases and (b) a questionnaire to assess their motivation during the learning process. The findings of this study reveal that both groups displayed significant improvements in FL alphabet and vocabulary learning; however, there are statistical differences in favor of the experimental group regarding long-term alphabet and vocabulary learning and retention. Furthermore, qualitative results regarding children’s perceptions of the technology used indicate that AR was highly appealing and motivating to participating students.
A New Method of Obtaining Water from Water Storage Tanks in a Crisis Situation Using Renewable Energy
Authors: Szpak Dawid , Tchórzewska-Cieślak Barbara , Stręk Magdalena
Published: February 2024

Background: During a crisis situation, water supply systems stop functioning properly. It is necessary to obtain water from sources other than basic ones (reserve water intakes, water storage tanks, bottled water). Methods: We aim to determine the water demand in a crisis situation based on current European guidelines and determine the time to cover the demand for water from water storage tanks during a crisis situation. Results: An installation for drawing water from a water storage tank, which includes water disinfection using a UV lamp, is necessary. Continuity of operation is guaranteed by the use of a photovoltaic installation independent of the power grid. The amount of water stored in water storage tanks is enough to meet the basic needs of the population for up to several weeks. Conclusions: The use of a UV lamp with an independent backup power supply allows maintaining the microbiological purity of water during a long-term crisis situation.
Interpretable Data-Driven Methods for Building Energy Modelling—A Review of Critical Connections and Gaps
Authors: Manfren Massimiliano , Gonzalez-Carreon Karla M. , James Patrick A. B.
Published: February 2024

Technological improvements are crucial for achieving decarbonisation targets and addressing the impacts of climate change in the built environment via mitigation and adaptation measures. Data-driven methods for building performance prediction are particularly important in this regard. Nevertheless, the deployment of these technologies faces challenges, particularly in the domains of artificial intelligence (AI) ethics, interpretability and explainability of machine learning (ML) algorithms. The challenges encountered in applications for the built environment are amplified, particularly when data-driven solutions need to be applied throughout all the stages of the building life cycle and to address problems from a socio-technical perspective, where human behaviour needs to be considered. This requires a consistent use of analytics to assess the performance of a building, ideally by employing a digital twin (DT) approach, which involves the creation of a digital counterpart of the building for continuous analysis and improvement. This paper presents an in-depth review of the critical connections between data-driven methods, AI ethics, interpretability and their implementation in the built environment, acknowledging the complex and interconnected nature of these topics. The review is organised into three distinct analytical levels: The first level explores key issues of the current research on the interpretability of machine learning methods. The second level considers the adoption of interpretable data-driven methods for building energy modelling and the problem of establishing a link with the third level, which examines physics-driven grey-box modelling techniques, in order to provide integrated modelling solutions. The review’s findings highlight how the interpretability concept is relevant in multiple contexts pertaining to energy and the built environment and how some of the current knowledge gaps can be addressed by further research in the broad area of data-driven methods.
Influence of Matrix-Acidizing Design on Oil Recovery and Economics in Carbonate Reservoirs Undergoing Waterflooding Offshore in Brazil
Authors: Araújo Edson de Andrade , Schwalbert Mateus Palharini , Leitão Rafael Japiassu , Aum Pedro Tupã Pandava
Published: February 2024

Acidification, a widely employed technique for well stimulation, utilizes a variety of acid systems. However, the literature provides limited insights into the economic and oil recovery implications of these treatments. Therefore, this work aims to analyze the economic impact on the oil recovery of different acid treatment designs in formations with varying degrees of heterogeneity and flow capacity. For this purpose, matrix acidization simulations were conducted using Matrix software to obtain the skin profile for each type of treatment. Subsequently, numerical simulations were performed using IMEX software from the CMG Group to analyze oil production and compare the economic results of different acid treatments. The main findings indicate that reservoirs with low flow capacities benefit more from stimulation operations, yielding a higher financial return when stimulated compared to untreated wells. In fact, there seems to be a range of flow capacity values, from around 20,000 to 40,000 mD.m, above which the net present value (NPV) of stimulated wells is equal to or even lower than that of damaged untreated wells.
Exploratory Testing of Energy-Saving Characteristics of Large-Scale Freeze-Drying Equipment
Authors: Liu Yiqiang , Tian Yanhua , He Yijian
Published: February 2024

The advantages of continuous freeze-drying are increasingly being emphasized, including energy saving, high production efficiency, and superior quality. In this context, an innovative continuous production process and cold trap structure for large-scale freeze-drying equipment is proposed. Built-in alternating cold traps are adopted instead of the stationary type to reduce the defrosting downtime, significantly improving the energy efficiency of the refrigeration and heat pump heating units. In the freeze-drying production of shiitake, comparisons between the built-in alternating cold traps and the stationary type indicate a reduction in energy consumption of approximately 24% for the full production process when the alternating cold traps with tube coils are used, that is, from 1937 kW·h for the stationary type to 1471 kW·h. In addition, the energy consumption for the built-in alternating cold traps with finned tube coils could be further reduced by about 8%. Finally, through the implementation of the new continuous production process and built-in alternating cold traps in industrial large-scale freeze-drying equipment, the systematic energy consumption per unit of food dehydration (kg) is reduced by approximately 40%, i.e., from 1.31 kW·h in the intermittent production process to 0.79 kW·h in the new continuous production process.
Optimization of Proportional–Integral (PI) and Fractional-Order Proportional–Integral (FOPI) Parameters Using Particle Swarm Optimization/Genetic Algorithm (PSO/GA) in a DC/DC Converter for Improving the Performance of Proton-Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells
Authors: Benteşen Yakut Yurdagül
Published: February 2024

In this article, the control of a DC/DC converter was carried out using the proposed methods of conventional PI, PSO-based PI, PSO-based FOPI, GA-based PI, and GA-based FOPI controllers in order to improve the performance of PEMFCs. Simulink models of a PEMFC model with two inputs—hydrogen consumption and oxygen air flow—and with controllers were developed. Then, the outputs of a system based on conventional PI were compared with the proposed methods. IAE, ISTE, and ITAE were employed as fitness functions in optimization algorithms such as PSO and GA. Fitness function value, maximum overshoot, and rising time were utilized as metrics to compare the performance of the methods. PI and FOPI parameters were optimized with the proposed methods and the results were compared with traditional PI in which the optimum parameters were determined by an empirical approach. This research study indicates that the proposed methods perform better than the conventional PI method. However, it becomes apparent that the GA-FOPI approach outperforms the others. The simulation result also shows that the PEMFC model with conventional PI and FOPI controllers in which the controller parameters are tuned using PSO and GA has an acceptable control performance.
Measurement of High-Frequency Voltage Harmonics above 2 kHz in High-Voltage Networks
Authors: Dewayalage Imanka , Robinson Duane A. , Elphick Sean , Perera Sarath
Published: February 2024

Large-scale renewable energy plants, flexible AC (alternating current) and high voltage DC (direct current) transmission systems, and modern consumer devices utilize power electronics that tend to increase harmonic emissions. Furthermore, such emissions are nowadays known to exceed the traditional 2 kHz range typically considered for harmonic analysis. However, the accuracy of such harmonic measurements in medium and high voltage networks is questionable due to the lack of accuracy specifications for the respective instrument transformers that are being used in the measurement chain. Therefore, the motivation of this study is to review the existing techniques for measuring high-frequency voltage harmonics, i.e., those in the range 2–9 kHz, in medium-, high-, and extra high-voltage electricity networks, where most large-scale power electronic converters are being connected. Different transducer types are compared in terms of measurement accuracy. The reviewed literature indicates that some transducers can introduce errors due to their nonlinearities. The study also identifies the limitations of calibrating these transducers at frequencies above 2 kHz due to the unavailability of suitable sources capable of generating the required test waveforms. Furthermore, the study emphasizes the necessity for establishing accuracy limits for harmonic measurements above 2 kHz.
Stability Enhancement Method of Standalone Modular Multilevel Converters Based on Impedance Reshaping
Authors: Zheng Youzhuo , Hua Long , Yang Yekui , Li Chun , Luo Chaoyi , Song Zihong , Yang Xingwu , Feng Haibo
Published: February 2024

Modular multilevel converters (MMCs) are susceptible to subsynchronous oscillations (SSOs) caused by impedance interactions in the power line. Current research into the stability of MMCs focuses mainly on voltage feed-forward control, while the effect of current feed-forward control is neglected. This paper proposes a current feed-forward compensation method based on impedance reshaping for standalone MMCs. Initially, an impedance model was developed to identify the stability risks caused by the interaction between the MMC and power line impedance. The proposed method feeds the current compensation signal into the modulation circuit, thereby improving the control signal and suppressing the impedance interaction between the MMC and the power line. The analysis of the harmonic state space (HSS) method verifies that the proposed approach effectively reduces the negative damping region in the frequency band where the SSO is located. Additionally, the impedance frequency scanning method confirms the accuracy of impedance modeling. Using the MATLAB/Simulink platform and StarSim HIL hardware-in-the-loop experimental platform, the SSO phenomenon of the MMC is simulated, and the results show that the proposed method can effectively suppress harmonic currents during SSO, which verifies the accuracy of the stability analysis and the feasibility of the proposed method.
The Use of Constructed Wetlands to Treat Effluents for Water Reuse
Authors: de Campos Sandro Xavier , Soto Manuel
Published: February 2024

Constructed wetland systems (CWs) are technologies based on natural processes for pollutant removal and have been more and more accepted in the treatment of domestic and industrial wastewater. This study selected and reviewed articles published in the last six years involving the use of different CW conceptions and their association with other technologies to treat different effluents and evaluated the quality of the effluents for reuse. From a total of 81 articles reviewed, 41 presented quantitative data on the quality of the treated effluent in relation to the requirements of the reuse regulations in different countries of the world. CWs can be used to treat gray water and runoff water, as well as domestic and industrial effluents with the purpose of reusing them. While studies on the removal of new chemical and biological substances have increased, challenges are associated with the optimization of CWs to improve the removal of pathogens and new contaminants that have appeared more recently. The potential for the improved removal of those pollutants lies in the association of CWs with conventional and advanced technologies in new configurations. We concluded that studies related to the reuse of effluents using CWs are in constant evolution, with experiments at different scales. The perspectives are promising since CWs are an economic, environmentally friendly, and efficient technology to help in the mitigation of water scarcity problems imposed by climate changes.
Beta Diversity Patterns and Determinants among Vertical Layers of Tropical Seasonal Rainforest in Karst Peak-Cluster Depressions
Authors: Hu Gang , Pang Qingling , Hu Cong , Xu Chaohao , Zhang Zhonghua , Zhong Chaofang
Published: February 2024

Karst peak-cluster depressions in tropical China are characterized by high habitat heterogeneity, supporting complex seasonal rainforest communities, and harboring a rich abundance of endemic and endangered plants. However, for these rainforests, species and phylogenetic beta diversity and their limiting factors are poorly understood. In this study, the relationships between the beta diversity of three vertical layers (herb, shrub, and tree), environmental factors, and physical distance in China’s tropical karst seasonal rainforest were studied. The results showed that each layer exhibited high species and beta diversity, with species turnover being the dominant contributing factor. Environmental filtering and dispersal limitations were significant drivers of community assembly. Environmental filtering exerted a strong influence, with slope position, soil availability of phosphorus and potassium, pH, and organic matter being the key factors. These findings elucidate seasonal rainforest species and beta diversity spatial patterns within karst peak-cluster depressions, providing a foundation for developing karst ecosystem forest management and vegetation restoration measures.
Human Serum Albumin Grafted by Monomeric and Polymeric β-Cyclodextrin as Drug Delivery System for Levofloxacin with Improved Pharmacological Properties
Authors: Kopnova Tatiana Yu , Yakupova Linara R. , Belogurova Natalya Georgievna , Kudryashova Elena Vadimovna
Published: February 2024

Human serum albumin (HSA) is a multifunctional protein, known to be a natural carrier for a number of endogenous and exogenous compounds, including drugs. HSA-based drugs formulation is a clinically validated approach to improve pharmacological properties and biodistribution (such as in Abraxane). Based on this, one might like to modify HSA in a way that its distribution is more favorable for certain therapeutic purposes. Levofloxacin (LV), a broad-spectrum antibiotic drug, could benefit from extended systemic exposure, and stronger interactions with plasma proteins could be useful for this purpose. We engrafted monomeric or polymeric cyclodextrins (CDs) on the surface of HSA molecules to strengthen the LV adsorption (the CD−LV dissociation constant is three orders of magnitude lower than that of HSA−LV). We found that (HSA−HPolS)conj+LV exhibited the highest activity against E. coli, whereas (HSA−HPCD)conj+LV was the most effective against B. subtilis, and both HSA conjugates were more potent than LV alone or LV with HSA. Further fine-tuning of HSA could yield an improvement in biodistribution and thus a more favorable risk/benefit ratio.
Progress of Research on Conductive Hydrogels in Flexible Wearable Sensors
Authors: Cao Juan , Wu Bo , Yuan Ping , Liu Yeqi , Hu Cheng
Published: February 2024

Conductive hydrogels, characterized by their excellent conductivity and flexibility, have attracted widespread attention and research in the field of flexible wearable sensors. This paper reviews the application progress, related challenges, and future prospects of conductive hydrogels in flexible wearable sensors. Initially, the basic properties and classifications of conductive hydrogels are introduced. Subsequently, this paper discusses in detail the specific applications of conductive hydrogels in different sensor applications, such as motion detection, medical diagnostics, electronic skin, and human–computer interactions. Finally, the application prospects and challenges are summarized. Overall, the exceptional performance and multifunctionality of conductive hydrogels make them one of the most important materials for future wearable technologies. However, further research and innovation are needed to overcome the challenges faced and to realize the wider application of conductive hydrogels in flexible sensors.
The Complete Mitochondrial Genome of Paeonia lactiflora Pall. (Saxifragales: Paeoniaceae): Evidence of Gene Transfer from Chloroplast to Mitochondrial Genome
Authors: Tang Pan , Ni Yang , Li Jingling , Lu Qianqi , Liu Chang , Guo Jinlin
Published: February 2024

Paeonia lactiflora (P. lactiflora), a perennial plant renowned for its medicinal roots, provides a unique case for studying the phylogenetic relationships of species based on organelle genomes, as well as the transference of DNA across organelle genomes. In order to investigate this matter, we sequenced and characterized the mitochondrial genome (mitogenome) of P. lactiflora. Similar to the chloroplast genome (cpgenome), the mitogenome of P. lactiflora extends across 181,688 base pairs (bp). Its unique quadripartite structure results from a pair of extensive inverted repeats, each measuring 25,680 bp in length. The annotated mitogenome includes 27 protein-coding genes, 37 tRNAs, 8 rRNAs, and two pseudogenes (rpl5, rpl16). Phylogenetic analysis was performed to identify phylogenetic trees consistent with Paeonia species phylogeny in the APG Ⅳ system. Moreover, a total of 12 MTPT events were identified and 32 RNA editing sites were detected during mitogenome analysis of P. lactiflora. Our research successfully compiled and annotated the mitogenome of P. lactiflora. The study provides valuable insights regarding the taxonomic classification and molecular evolution within the Paeoniaceae family.
Advancing TBM Performance: Integrating Shield Friction Analysis and Machine Learning in Geotechnical Engineering
Authors: Schlicke Marcel , Wannenmacher Helmut , Nübel Konrad
Published: February 2024

The Ylvie model is a novel method towards transparent Tunnel Boring Machine (TBM) data analysis for tunnel construction. The model innovatively applies machine learning to automate friction loss computation per stroke, enhancing TBM performance prediction in varying geomechanical environments. This research considers the complexities of TBM mechanics, focusing on the Thrust Penetration Gradient (TPG) and shield friction influenced by geological conditions. By integrating operational data analysis with geological exploration, the Ylvie model transcends traditional methodologies, allowing for a comprehensible and specific determination of the friction loss towards more precise penetration rate prediction. The model’s capability is validated through comparative analysis with established methods, demonstrating its effectiveness even in challenging hard rock tunneling scenarios. This study marks a significant advancement in TBM performance analysis, suggesting potential for the expanded application and future integration of additional data sources for comprehensive rock mass characterization.
Polychrome Bronze Sculpture: A Multi-Analytical Approach to Unveil the Renaissance Gilded Eagles in the Abbey of San Miniato al Monte, Florence
Authors: Cantisani Emma , Salvioli Nicola , Salvadori Barbara
Published: February 2024

The gilded bronze eagles that stand upon the summit of the Tabernacle by Michelozzo in the Abbey of San Miniato al Monte, Florence (Italy) are an exquisite example of Italian Renaissance sculpture. Commissioned by Piero di Cosimo de Medici, the two eagles, representing the ancient Arte di Calimala, were cast and decorated by Maso di Bartolomeo in the 1448–1449 period. A multi-analytical approach was set up to characterize the state of conservation, materials used, and artistic technique of the eagles. Non-invasive methods were used and integrated with micro-invasive analyses, such as X-ray fluorescence (XRF) and Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, X-ray diffractometry on powders (XRPD), scanning electron microscopy coupled with EDS (SEM-EDS), and metallographic investigation. The results depict shiny-looking eagles, suggesting the use of oil gilding on almost all surfaces and revealing the presence of polychromies, which is almost unusual in XV-century bronze statuary and is initially hidden by deposits and corrosion products. Indeed, the paws were originally painted with azurite, while the use of cinnabar imparted a vivid red color to the tongue. A black paint containing mercury was found on the eyes and talons. The bales of cloth were decorated with silver, which is now almost completely lost and whose remains are not visible due to being tarnished, while fine details in gold were detected on the lanyard.
Boosting Resilience and Efficiency of Tomato Fields to Heat Stress Tolerance Using Cytokinin (6-Benzylaminopurine)
Authors: Suliman Ahmad A. , Elkhawaga Fathia A. , Zargar Meisam , Bayat Maryam , Pakina Elena , Abdelkader Mostafa
Published: February 2024

Heat stress is one of the most critical environmental abiotic stresses that can negatively affect plant growth. This article investigates the role of a plant growth promoter (Benzylaminopurine) in tomato fields in regard to its ability to withstand high-temperature conditions resulting from greenhouse gas emissions and climate changes. Three genetically different tomato cultivars (Castlerock, GS 12-F1, and Fayrouz F1) were sprayed with 2% 6-Benzylaminopurine (BAP) at 300 and 600 ppm; then, growth and yield components, physio-biochemical characteristics, and antioxidant enzyme activities were determined. The results showed that the highest BAP concentration (600 ppm) enhanced the ability of tomato plants to withstand high temperatures and the maximum dose of BAP improved chlorophyll (71.7 spad units) in GS 12 leaves, while the same dose enhanced proline contents (24.91 mg/100g FW), total antioxidants (83.35 µmol Trolox/g dw), total phenolics (20.99 mg/g dw), Superoxide dismutase (33.74 U/g), peroxidase (46.30 U/g), and polyphenol oxidase (64.10 U/g) in Fayrouz F1 leaves. Application BAP on tomatoes moderately improved fruit quality, such as ascorbic acid and maturity degree, while BAP applications reduced TSS and acidity. In this investigation, taste index was not affected by Benzylaminopurine application but by tomato genotype. The highest number of fruits/plant (45.7), fruit yield/plant (3.98 kg), and total yield (103 tons/ha) were obtained from the GS 12 genotype.
Use of General Health Examination and Cancer Screening among People with Disability Who Need Support from Others: Analysis of the 2016 Comprehensive Survey of Living Conditions in Japan
Authors: Saito Takashi , Imahashi Kumiko , Yamaki Chikako
Published: February 2024

Research on preventive healthcare services among people with disability in Japan is scarce. This study aimed to (1) examine the relationship between disability and the use of general health examination (GHE) and cancer screening (lung, gastric, colorectal, breast and cervical cancer) and (2) explore the reasons for not using GHE. This cross-sectional study used secondary data from individuals aged 20–74 years (n = 15,294) from the Comprehensive Survey of Living Conditions of 2016. Binomial logistic regression analysis was conducted to examine the relationship between disability and non-participation in preventive services. In addition, a descriptive analysis was conducted to explore the reasons for non-participation in GHE. Consequently, disability was identified as an independently associated factor for non-participation in GHE (odds ratios (OR): 1.73; 95% confidence interval (95%CI): 1.14–2.62) and screening for colorectal (OR: 1.78; 95%CI: 1.08–2.94), gastric (OR: 2.27; 95%CI: 1.27–4.05), cervical (OR: 2.12; 95%CI: 1.04–4.32) and breast cancer (OR: 2.22; 95%CI: 1.04–4.72), controlling for confounding factors. The most dominant reason for non-participation was “I can go to see the doctor anytime, if I am worried (25/54, 46.3%).” Our findings imply the existence of disability-based disparity in preventive healthcare service use in Japan.
Secant Cylinders Are Evil—A Case Study on the Standard Lines of the Universal Transverse Mercator and Universal Polar Stereographic Projections
Authors: Kerkovits Krisztián
Published: February 2024

The literature usually calls downscaled versions of basic conformal map projections “secant”, referring to conceptual developable map surfaces that intersect the reference frame. However, recent studies pointed out on the examples of various mappings of the sphere that this model may lead to incorrect conclusions. In this study, we examine the paradigm of secant surfaces for two popular map projections of the ellipsoid, the UTM (Universal Transverse Mercator) and the UPS (Universal Polar Stereographic) projections. Results will show that ellipsoidal map projections can exhibit further anomalies. To support the shift to a paradigm avoiding developable map surfaces, this study recommends the new term reduced map projection with a proper and simple definition to be used instead of secant map projections.
Sex-Dependent Differences in the Ischemia/Reperfusion-Induced Expression of AMPA Receptors
Authors: Achzet Lindsay M. , Jackson Darrell A.
Published: February 2024

Following ischemia/reperfusion, AMPA receptors (AMPARs) mediate pathologic delayed neuronal death through sustained expression of calcium-permeable AMPARs, leading to excitotoxicity. Preventing the surface removal of GluA2-containing AMPARs may yield new therapeutic targets for the treatment of ischemia/reperfusion. This study utilized acute organotypic hippocampal slices from aged male and female Sprague Dawley rats and subjected them to oxygen-glucose deprivation/reperfusion (OGD/R) to examine the mechanisms underlying the internalization and degradation of GluA2-containing AMPARs. We determined the effect of OGD/R on AMPAR subunits at the protein and mRNA transcript levels utilizing Western blot and RT-qPCR, respectively. Hippocampal slices from male and female rats responded to OGD/R in a paradoxical manner with respect to AMPARs. GluA1 and GluA2 AMPAR subunits were degraded following OGD/R in male rats but were increased in female rats. There was a rapid decrease in GRIA1 (GluA1) and GRIA2 (GluA2) mRNA levels in the male hippocampus following ischemic insult, but this was not observed in females. These data indicate a sex-dependent difference in how AMPARs in the hippocampus respond to ischemic insult, and may help explain, in part, why premenopausal women have a lower incidence/severity of ischemic stroke compared with men of the same age.
Preconception Diet Interventions in Obese Outbred Mice and the Impact on Female Offspring Metabolic Health and Oocyte Quality
Authors: Meulders Ben , Marei Waleed F. A. , Xhonneux Inne , Loier Lien , Smits Anouk , Leroy Jo L. M. R.
Published: February 2024

Obese individuals often suffer from metabolic health disorders and reduced oocyte quality. Preconception diet interventions in obese outbred mice restore metabolic health and oocyte quality and mitochondrial ultrastructure. Also, studies in inbred mice have shown that maternal obesity induces metabolic alterations and reduces oocyte quality in offspring (F1). Until now, the effect of maternal high-fat diet on F1 metabolic health and oocyte quality and the potential beneficial effects of preconception dietary interventions have not been studied together in outbred mice. Therefore, we fed female mice a high-fat/high-sugar (HF/HS) diet for 7 weeks and switched them to a control (CONT) or caloric-restriction (CR) diet or maintained them on the HF/HS diet for 4 weeks before mating, resulting in three treatment groups: diet normalization (DN), CR, and HF/HS. In the fourth group, mice were fed CONT diet for 11 weeks (CONT). HF/HS mice were fed an HF/HS diet from conception until weaning, while all other groups were then fed a CONT diet. After weaning, offspring were kept on chow diet and sacrificed at 11 weeks. We observed significantly elevated serum insulin concentrations in female HF/HS offspring and a slightly increased percentage of mitochondrial ultrastructural abnormalities, mitochondrial size, and mitochondrial mean gray intensity in HF/HS F1 oocytes. Also, global DNA methylation was increased and cellular stress-related proteins were downregulated in HF/HS F1 oocytes. Mostly, these alterations were prevented in the DN group, while, in CR, this was only the case for a few parameters. In conclusion, this research has demonstrated for the first time that a maternal high-fat diet in outbred mice has a moderate impact on female F1 metabolic health and oocyte quality and that preconception DN is a better strategy to alleviate this compared to CR.
Emerging Gene Therapeutics for Epidermolysis Bullosa under Development
Authors: Bischof Johannes , Hierl Markus , Koller Ulrich
Published: February 2024

The monogenetic disease epidermolysis bullosa (EB) is characterised by the formation of extended blisters and lesions on the patient’s skin upon minimal mechanical stress. Causal for this severe condition are genetic mutations in genes, leading to the functional impairment, reduction, or absence of the encoded protein within the skin’s basement membrane zone connecting the epidermis to the underlying dermis. The major burden of affected families justifies the development of long-lasting and curative therapies operating at the genomic level. The landscape of causal therapies for EB is steadily expanding due to recent breakthroughs in the gene therapy field, providing promising outcomes for patients suffering from this severe disease. Currently, two gene therapeutic approaches show promise for EB. The clinically more advanced gene replacement strategy was successfully applied in severe EB forms, leading to a ground-breaking in vivo gene therapy product named beremagene geperpavec (B-VEC) recently approved from the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA). In addition, the continuous innovations in both designer nucleases and gene editing technologies enable the efficient and potentially safe repair of mutations in EB in a potentially permanent manner, inspiring researchers in the field to define and reach new milestones in the therapy of EB.
Long-Term Outcomes after Switching to Tenofovir Alafenamide in Patients with Chronic Hepatitis B
Authors: Nishikawa Tomohiro , Matsui Masahiro , Onishi Saori , Ushiro Kosuke , Asai Akira , Kim Soo-Ki , Nishikawa Hiroki
Published: February 2024

We sought to determine the long-term outcomes of chronic hepatitis B (CHB) cases switching to tenofovir alafenamide (TAF, n = 104, median age = 63.5 years). Data at switching to TAF (baseline) and those at 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 years from switching to TAF were compared. At baseline, HB envelop antigen (HBeAg) seropositivity was found in 20 patients (19.2%), and undetectable HBV-DNA in 77 patients (74.0%). Percentage of detectable HBV-DNA significantly reduced at any time point. HB surface antigen (HBsAg) levels significantly reduced at 3, 4, and 5 years. The percentage of HBeAg seropositivity significantly reduced at 5 years. HB core related antigen levels did not significantly change. In patients with baseline HbeAg seropositivity, HbsAg levels significantly reduced at any time point, and a similar trend was found in patients without HBeAg seropositivity. In patients with baseline FIB4 index >1.85, HBsAg levels significantly reduced at 3, 4, and 5 years, and in patients with baseline FIB4 index <1.85, HBsAg levels significantly reduced at any time point. The estimated glomerular filtration rate significantly reduced only at 5 years. The discontinuation rate owing to the side effects of TAF was 0%. In conclusion, switching to TAF therapy in patients with CHB may be effective and safe at least up to 5 years.
Lysine Methylation-Dependent Proteolysis by the Malignant Brain Tumor (MBT) Domain Proteins
Authors: Sun Hong , Zhang Hui
Published: February 2024

Lysine methylation is a major post-translational protein modification that occurs in both histones and non-histone proteins. Emerging studies show that the methylated lysine residues in non-histone proteins provide a proteolytic signal for ubiquitin-dependent proteolysis. The SET7 (SETD7) methyltransferase specifically transfers a methyl group from S-Adenosyl methionine to a specific lysine residue located in a methylation degron motif of a protein substrate to mark the methylated protein for ubiquitin-dependent proteolysis. LSD1 (Kdm1a) serves as a demethylase to dynamically remove the methyl group from the modified protein. The methylated lysine residue is specifically recognized by L3MBTL3, a methyl-lysine reader that contains the malignant brain tumor domain, to target the methylated proteins for proteolysis by the CRL4DCAF5 ubiquitin ligase complex. The methylated lysine residues are also recognized by PHF20L1 to protect the methylated proteins from proteolysis. The lysine methylation-mediated proteolysis regulates embryonic development, maintains pluripotency and self-renewal of embryonic stem cells and other stem cells such as neural stem cells and hematopoietic stem cells, and controls other biological processes. Dysregulation of the lysine methylation-dependent proteolysis is associated with various diseases, including cancers. Characterization of lysine methylation should reveal novel insights into how development and related diseases are regulated.