bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Extract of ice plant (Mesembryanthemum crystallinum) ameliorates hyperglycemia and modulates the gut microbiota composition in type 2 diabetic Goto-Kakizaki rats
Authors: Zhang Chengcheng , Wu Weicheng , Xin Xiaoting , Li Xiaoqiong , Liu Daqun
Published: May 2019

Ice plant extract (IPE), a rich source of d-pinitol, has a substantial effect on ameliorating hyperglycemia and modulating gut microbiota composition in diabetic GK (Goto-Kakizaki) rats.
Glycated fish protein supplementation modulated gut microbiota composition and reduced inflammation but increased accumulation of advanced glycation end products in high-fat diet fed rats
Authors: Mao Zhenjie , Ren Yanmei , Zhang Qi , Dong Shiyuan , Han Kaining , Feng Guangxin , Wu Haohao , Zhao Yuanhui
Published: May 2019

Glycated fish protein showed positively biological effects but increased AGEs accumulation in high-fat-diet-fed rats.
Correction: Free fatty acid release from vegetable and bovine milk fat-based infant formulas and human milk during two-phase in vitro digestion
Authors: Hageman Jeske H. J. , Keijer Jaap , Dalsgaard Trine Kastrup , Zeper Lara W. , Carrière Frédéric , Feitsma Anouk L. , Nieuwenhuizen Arie G.
Published: May 2019

Correction for ‘Free fatty acid release from vegetable and bovine milk fat-based infant formulas and human milk during two-phase in vitro digestion’ by Jeske H. J. Hageman et al., Food Funct., 2019, 10, 2102–2113.
Molecular spectroscopy in a solid-state device
Authors: Atxabal Ainhoa , Arnold Thorsten , Parui Subir , Zuccatti Elisabetta , Cinchetti Mirko , Casanova Fèlix , Ortmann Frank , Hueso Luis E.
Published: May 2019

The quantification of the electronic transport energy gap of a molecular semiconductor is essential for pursuing any challenge in molecular optoelectronics.
Pillar[5]arene pseudo[1]rotaxane-based redox-responsive supramolecular vesicles for controlled drug release
Authors: Cui Ya-Han , Deng Rong , Li Zheng , Du Xu-Sheng , Jia Qiong , Wang Xing-Huo , Wang Chun-Yu , Meguellati Kamel , Yang Ying-Wei
Published: May 2019

Pillar[5]arene pseudo[1]rotaxane-based supramolecular vesicles loaded with anticancer drugs could deliver the payload to the targeted area of high GSH concentrations.
Infrared induced repeatable self-healing and removability of mechanically enhanced graphene–epoxy flexible materials
Authors: Guo Yakun , Zou Dongli , Zhu Wanqiu , Yang Xiaojiao , Zhao Pengxiang , Chen Changan , Shuai Maobing
Published: May 2019

The GNS/epoxy composites, with tensile modulus of 14.52 ± 0.45 MPa and elongation at break more than 100%, could be healed several times under infrared light with the healing efficiency as high as 90% and displayed excellent recyclable ability.
Development of different deep eutectic solvent aqueous biphasic systems for the separation of proteins
Authors: Meng Jiaojiao , Wang Yuzhi , Zhou Yigang , Chen Jing , Wei Xiaoxiao , Ni Rui , Liu Ziwei , Xu Fangting
Published: May 2019

In this work, aqueous biphasic systems (ABSs) formed by different deep eutectic solvents (DESs) were prepared and applied to extract proteins.
Systematically quantitative proteomics and metabolite profiles offer insight into fruit ripening behavior in Fragaria × ananassa
Authors: Li Li , Wu Qiong , Wang Youyong , Aghdam Morteza Soleimani , Ban Zhaojun , Zhang Xiaochen , Lu Hongyan , Li Dong , Yan Jiawei , Limwachiranon Jarukitt , Luo Zisheng
Published: May 2019

Proteome and metabolite profiles of fruit ripening behavior in Fragaria × ananassa Duch. ‘Benihoppe’.
Fundamentals and applications of acrylamide based microgels and their hybrids: a review
Authors: Begum Robina , Farooqi Zahoor H. , Ahmed Ejaz , Sharif Ahsan , Wu Weitai , Irfan Ahmad
Published: May 2019

Recent advances in synthesis, characterization and applications of acrylamide based polymer microgels and their hybrids are discussed for further development in this area.
Potential role of a disintegrin and metalloproteinase-17 (ADAM17) in age-associated ventricular remodeling of rats
Authors: Liu Hainiang , Wang Haoren , Cheng Dong , Wang Qinfu , Pei Zuowei , Zhu Ning , Fang Weiyi , Yu Qin
Published: May 2019

Excessive tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) could enhance cell death and aggravate left ventricular remodeling and myocardial dysfunction.
Antibiotic removal by agricultural waste biochars with different forms of iron oxide
Authors: Chen Yue , Shi Jing , Du Qiong , Zhang Haowen , Cui Yixin
Published: May 2019

The possible adsorption mechanisms.
Review of α-nucleosides: from discovery, synthesis to properties and potential applications
Authors: Ni Guangcheng , Du Yuqi , Tang Fan , Liu Jiang , Zhao Hang , Chen Qianming
Published: May 2019

A systematic summary of the discovery, synthesis, properties and potential applications of α-nucleosides and their derivatives.
A novel coordination mode of κ1-N-Br-pyridylbenz-(imida, oxa or othia)-zole to Pt(ii): synthesis, characterization, electrochemical and structural analysis
Authors: Nicasio-Collazo Juan , Ramírez-García Gonzalo , Flores-Álamo Marcos , Gutiérrez-Granados Silvia , Peralta-Hernández Juan M. , Maldonado José Luis , Jimenez-Halla J. Oscar C. , Serrano Oracio
Published: May 2019

Three novel platinum(ii) complexes with the general formula [trans-Pt(Br-PyBenz-X)(Cl)2(DMSO)] containing Br-pyridylbenz(imida, oxa or othia)zole derivatives, under an unusual N-κ1-coordination mode were synthesized.
In situ synthesis of C-doped BiVO4 with natural leaf as a template under different calcination temperatures
Authors: Yang Ruijie , Zhu Rongshu , Fan Yingying , Hu Longjun , Chen Qianqian
Published: May 2019

A series of C-doped BiVO4 with natural leaf as a template were synthesized under different calcination temperatures by the dipping-calcination method, which simultaneously achieves morphology and C-doping control in one step.
Probing the local conformational flexibility in receptor recognition: mechanistic insight from an atomic-scale investigation
Authors: Ding Fei , Peng Wei
Published: May 2019

The local conformational flexibility and dynamics have significant impacts on the receptor recognition processes, and this phenomenon is related closely to the structural characteristics of the flexible loop domains in biomacromolecules.
Transient bioelectrical devices inspired by a silkworm moth breaking out of its cocoon
Authors: Qi Qiaoyun , Li Yanru , Qiu Wu , Zhang Wenhai , Shi Chenyang , Hou Chen , Yan Wen , Huang Jiani , Yang Likun , Wang Hao , Guo Wenxi , Liu Xiang Yang , Lin Naibo
Published: May 2019

Silk fibroin-based transient devices were developed using LiBr/wax microspheres that mimic a silk cocoon protecting silkworm pupa and a juvenile moth secreting an enzyme to dissolve silk sericin and break a silk cocoon.
Selective oxidation of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural into 2,5-diformylfuran over VPO catalysts under atmospheric pressure
Authors: Lai Jinhua , Liu Kai , Zhou Shuolin , Zhang Du , Liu Xianxiang , Xu Qiong , Yin Dulin
Published: May 2019

Vanadium phosphate oxide (VPO) heterogeneous catalysts with different V/P molar ratios were prepared. VPO exhibited highly selective oxidation of HMF. The highest DFF yield of 83.6% was obtained under atmospheric air pressure.
Synthesis of tetracyclic indolin-3-ones through Pd-catalyzed intramolecular deacetylative dearomatization of 3-acetoxy-indoles
Authors: Liang Ren-Xiao , Wang Ke , Song Ling-Jie , Sheng Wei-Jian , Jia Yi-Xia
Published: May 2019

An efficient palladium-catalyzed intramolecular deacetylative dearomatization reaction of 3-acetoxyindoles is disclosed, affording tetracyclic indolin-3-ones bearing C2-quaternary stereocenters in good yields.
Tuning ligand field strength with pendent Lewis acids: access to high spin iron hydrides
Authors: Kiernicki John J. , Shanahan James P. , Zeller Matthias , Szymczak Nathaniel K.
Published: May 2019

Pendent borane Lewis acids provide an avenue for changing a ligand's field strength through acid/base interactions; this strategy was highlighted within a series of biologically-relevant high spin iron hydrides.
Continuous oxygen vacancy engineering of the Co3O4 layer for an enhanced alkaline electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution reaction
Authors: Zhang Haoxuan , Zhang Jiahao , Li Yuhang , Jiang Haibo , Jiang Hao , Li Chunzhong
Published: May 2019

A medium level of Ov can optimize the active intermediate adsorption to accelerate reaction kinetics, markedly enhancing alkaline HER performances.
Bioimprint aided cell recognition and depletion of human leukemic HL60 cells from peripheral blood
Authors: Das Anupam A.K. , Medlock Jevan , Liang He , Nees Dieter , Allsup David J. , Madden Leigh A. , Paunov Vesselin N.
Published: May 2019

We report a large scale preparation of bioimprints of layers of cultured leukemic HL60 cells which can perform cell shape and size recognition from a mixture with peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs).
Nacre-inspired highly stretchable piezoresistive Cu–Ag nanowire/graphene synergistic conductive networks for strain sensors and beyond
Authors: Meng Xiangying , Zhao Songfang , Zhang Zhe , Zhang Ruliang , Li Jinhui , Leng Jinfeng , Cao Duxia , Zhang Guoping , Sun Rong
Published: May 2019

Recently, it has become highly desirable but remains a challenge to design strain-sensing materials with rational geometric structures that endow the strain sensors high sensitivity, large stretchability and a broad sensing range simultaneously.
Fast synthesis of iridium(iii) complexes with sulfur-containing ancillary ligand for high-performance green OLEDs with EQE exceeding 31%
Authors: Lu Guang-Zhao , Tu Zhen-Long , Liu Liang , Zhang Wen-Wei , Zheng You-Xuan
Published: May 2019

Three green iridium(iii) complexes were rapidly synthesized at room temperature with a sulfur-containing ligand, and OLEDs fabricated using them show high performances with EQEmax of 31.24% and low efficiency roll-off.
Reactivity of 3-Bromofuran in Pd-Catalyzed C–H Bond Arylation toward the Synthesis of 2,3,5-Triarylfurans
Authors: Sasmal Arpan , Roisnel Thierry , Bera Jitendra K. , Doucet Henri , Soulé Jean-François
Published: May 2019

Arylation of the C–H bond at the C2 position of 3-bromo­furan is achieved using aryl bromides as coupling partners in the presence of phosphine-free Pd(OAc)2/KOAc in DMA. This procedure gives C2,C5-di- and even C2,C4,C5-triarylated 3-bromofuran derivatives when larger amounts of aryl bromides are employed. In addition, C2,C3,C5-triarylated furans—containing three different aryl groups—are synthesized via a C2–H bond arylation/Suzuki reaction/C5–H bond aryl­ation sequence.
Fusion Imaging in the Guidance of Thermal Ablations
Authors: Rossi Duccio , Nicosia Luca , Bonomo Guido , Della Vigna Paolo , Maiettini Daniele , Orsi Franco , Mauri Giovanni
Published: May 2019

Image-guided thermal ablations are having an increasingly widespread effect on the treatment of several different abdominal conditions, and particularly on the treatment of liver and kidney tumors. In other conditions, such as in the case of pancreatic cancers, image-guided thermal ablations are still under investigation, but some studies showed promising results. Regardless the target organ to be treated, imaging represents one of the most important aspects for a safe and effective application of these techniques. To improve the image guidance in thermal ablations, some systems have been developed to fuse together two or more imaging modalities, providing the operator a real-time visualization of different information during the treatment. In the present review, the principles of fusion imaging will be described, and the principal application in the abdomen will be illustrated.
Effects and Interferences of Emicizumab, a Humanised Bispecific Antibody Mimicking Activated Factor VIII Cofactor Function, on Coagulation Assays
Authors: Adamkewicz Joanne I. , Chen David C. , Paz-Priel Ido
Published: May 2019

Emicizumab bridges activated factor IX (FIX) and FX to restore the tenase function mediated by activated FVIII (FVIIIa), which is deficient in people with haemophilia A (PwHA). Unlike FVIII, emicizumab does not require activation to function; thus, in coagulation assays, the behavior of emicizumab may differ from that of FVIII. The objective of this study was to assess the effect of emicizumab on coagulation assays, including potential interference behavior that may produce inaccurate or misleading results. A variety of clotting-based, amidolytic/chromogenic, latex particle-enhanced turbidometric, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent methods were investigated. As expected based on its pharmacologic mechanism of action, emicizumab exhibited strong activity on the activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT), which resulted in interference with several aPTT-based assays, most importantly the one-stage FVIII activity assay; these assays are not recommended for PwHA receiving emicizumab therapy. Pharmacodynamic activity of emicizumab, as measured by FVIII chromogenic assays, was species-dependent due to the binding specificity of the drug antibody. Outside of FVIII assays, emicizumab did not interfere with assays based on immunologic or chromogenic principles, nor with clotting assays based on nonintrinsic pathway activators, thus offering alternative choices where aPTT-based assays might otherwise be used. The observed interferences are in line with the unique mechanism of action of emicizumab. Potential interferences should be taken into account in the selection of coagulation assays and interpretation of coagulation assay test results for PwHA receiving emicizumab therapy.
Correlations between the leading Lyapunov vector and pattern defects for chaotic Rayleigh-Bénard convection
Authors: Levanger R. , Xu M. , Cyranka J. , Schatz M. F. , Mischaikow K. , Paul M. R.
Published: May 2019

We probe the effectiveness of using topological defects to characterize the leading Lyapunov vector for a high-dimensional chaotic convective flow field. This is accomplished using large-scale parallel numerical simulations of Rayleigh–Bénard convection for experimentally accessible conditions. We quantify the statistical correlations between the spatiotemporal dynamics of the leading Lyapunov vector and different measures of the flow field pattern’s topology and dynamics. We use a range of pattern diagnostics to describe the flow field structures which includes many of the traditional diagnostics used to describe convection as well as some diagnostics tailored to capture the dynamics of the patterns. We use the ideas of precision and recall to build a statistical description of each pattern diagnostic’s ability to describe the spatial variation of the leading Lyapunov vector. The precision of a diagnostic indicates the probability that it will locate a region where the Lyapunov vector is larger than a threshold value. The recall of a diagnostic indicates its ability to locate all of the possible spatial regions where the Lyapunov vector is above threshold. By varying the threshold used for the Lyapunov vector magnitude, we generate precision-recall curves which we use to quantify the complex relationship between the pattern diagnostics and the spatiotemporally varying magnitude of the leading Lyapunov vector. We find that pattern diagnostics which include information regarding the flow history outperform pattern diagnostics that do not. In particular, an emerging target defect has the highest precision of all of the pattern diagnostics we have explored.
Room temperature electrical spin injection from a new spin gapless ferromagnetic semiconducting inverse Heusler alloy Mn2CoSi into p-Si via SiO2 tunnel barrier
Authors: Maji Nilay , Nath T. K.
Published: May 2019

Inverse Heusler alloys possessing spin gapless semiconducting behavior have drawn great curiosity among researchers in the past few months on account of their unique transport characteristics that can be put into use in spin based electronic device implementations. Thin films of a possible ternary spin gapless semiconductor Mn2CoSi (MCS) inverse Heusler alloy have been deposited on a p-Si (100) substrate using the electron beam physical vapor deposition technique. The as-grown films exhibit a polycrystalline nature having a uniform and smooth surface with full coverage. A magnetic study reveals that the film is ferromagnetically soft along the direction parallel to its plane and its Curie temperature (TC) is much higher than room temperature (300 K). The formation of the MCS/SiO2/p-Si heterostructure is confirmed from cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy and cross-sectional scanning electron microscopy studies. The electronic- and magneto-transport properties of the heterostructure have been studied at various isothermal conditions. From current–voltage characteristics, a conventional magnetic diode like behavior has been observed throughout the working temperature regime of 78–300 K. The temperature coefficient of resistance (TCR) value of the film is estimated to be –2.09 × 10−9 Ω m/K, which is similar to the TCR values of reported spin gapless semiconductors. Room temperature spin injection and detection in a nonmagnetic semiconductor (p-Si) has been carried out using the three-terminal Hanle device in our MCS/SiO2/p-Si heterostructure. The estimated values of spin lifetime (78 ps) and spin diffusion length (167 nm) of the injected carriers at room temperature provide an indication of their industrial importance in future spin based electronic device applications.
Magnetoresistance, magnetoimpedance, magnetothermopower, and photoconductivity in silver-doped manganese sulfides
Authors: Romanova O. B. , Aplesnin S. S. , Udod L. V. , Sitnikov M. N. , Kretinin V. V. , Yanushkevich K. I. , Velikanov D. A.
Published: May 2019

New multifunction materials in the AgXMn1‒XS (Х = 0.05) system have been synthesized and investigated in the temperature range of 77‒500 K in magnetic fields up to 12 kOe. Near the temperature of the magnetic transition (ТN = 176 K), the anomalous behavior of the temperature dependence of magnetization has been observed and has been attributed to the formation of ferrons. An analysis of the infrared spectroscopy data and I‒V characteristics has revealed the spin-polaron subband splitting. Several conductivity channels have been found from the impedance spectra. The temperature and magnetic field dependences of the carrier relaxation time have been obtained. The magnetoresistance (−21%), magnetoimpedance (−65%), magnetothermopower (−40%), and photoconductivity effects have been detected. The majority carrier type, density, and mobility have been determined from the Hall-effect measurement data. The observed effects have been explained using a ferron model.
Phase competition in solid-state reactive diffusion revisited—Stochastic kinetic mean-field approach
Authors: Gusak Andriy , Zaporozhets Tetiana , Storozhuk Nadiia
Published: May 2019

Kinetic mean-field method for description of diffusion (introduced in 1990 by George Martin) is developed to 3D with the inclusion of the frequency noise. After this, it is applied to modeling of reactive diffusion—formation, competition, and growth of the ordered intermediate phases during interdiffusion. Results seem reasonable; hence, the method can be used for qualitative study of complicated cases of the competitive first-order transitions in closed and open systems with rigid lattices.
Statistical properties of intermittent bursts in the Texas Helimak
Authors: Pereira F. A. C. , Sokolov I. M. , Toufen D. L. , Guimarães-Filho Z. O. , Caldas I. L. , Gentle K. W.
Published: May 2019

We present investigations of intermittent turbulence in the Texas Helimak, a simple toroidal plasma device in which the turbulence properties are modified by applying a bias voltage. The analyzed turbulence presents high density bursts, detected by Langmuir probes measuring ion saturation current fluctuations. The turbulent time series is reproduced by a synthetic signal model that has bursts with the same temporal profile and random amplitudes, plus a low amplitude fluctuating stochastic background. Using this model, we identify two burst regimes, observed according to the radial position and external bias: in the first regime, the bursts occur in random instants, leading to a Poisson distribution of the time interval between bursts, while in the second regime, the time interval between large bursts is correlated and modeled by a Gamma distribution. Furthermore, we use the shape parameter k that measures the correlation between occurrence times of successive bursts to characterize the burst regime in most of the low field side. We find that in the region described by the second regime, the k values increase with positive applied bias.
Zero bias emission current in laser heated emissive probe and proper choice of probe-tip material
Authors: Pandit P. , Sarma A. , Ghosh J. , Kella Vara Prasad , Ramaiya N. , Manchanda R. , Pandya Santosh , Chowdhuri M. B. , John P. I.
Published: May 2019

Emissive probes are considered as one of the best diagnostic tools for the direct measurement of plasma potential in low temperature plasma systems. Laser-heated emissive probes (LHEPs), due to their higher lifetime, are becoming more popular than their current-heated conventional counterparts. Graphite due to its higher absorption coefficient at CO2 laser wavelength and LaB6 due to its lower work function are commonly used as the probe materials for laser heated probes. Experiments with a probe-tip made of a graphite material have revealed that the emission processes other than thermionic emission also occur on heating the material with the laser, which can affect the plasma potential measurements and change the I-V characteristics of the LHEP. This additional emission due to the laser irradiation on the graphite-tip explains the measurements of lower values of plasma potentials and also describes the observation of an increase in electron saturation current with the increase in thermionic emission current due to heating. The possible mechanisms of this negatively charged-emission other than the thermionic emission from the graphite-tip have been thoroughly characterized in the absence of plasma. This extra emission is not observed in the probe-tip made up of LaB6, and a good comparison of I-V characteristics could be established with a conventional filament emissive probe in the case of LaB6.
Theoretical research on TEM mode feedback for compact design of an X-band triaxial klystron amplifier
Authors: Wei Zhang , Jinchuan Ju , Jun Zhang , Yunxiao Zhou , Huihuang Zhong
Published: May 2019

A relativistic triaxial klystron amplifier (TKA) is considered to be one of the most promising high power microwave (HPM) sources for coherent power combination in high frequency bands. In general investigations, the TEM mode leakage and asymmetric modes' competition are considered to play unfavorable roles in the normal operation of TKA. Therefore, mode reflectors with high reflection efficiency in both the TEM mode and the asymmetric modes are employed and expected to significantly suppress the transmissions of the microwaves between the cavities. So the cavities can be separated from each other, while the long drift length is necessary to achieve the deep modulation. Therefore, the size of TKA is noticeably larger compared to other HPM oscillators, which requires large magnetic coil and huge energy consumption. In our present research, it is found that the TEM mode leakage can be utilized to form positive feedback between the cavities, which is significant for electron beam modulation and furthermore to make the devices more compact. In this paper, the mechanism of TEM mode feedback between the cavities is discussed and the conditions of positive and negative feedback are achieved. Besides, an especially designed reflector with high reflection coefficients in asymmetric modes and low reflection coefficients in the TEM mode is designed to utilize the TEM mode and suppress the asymmetric modes. Based on the above research, a TKA adopting positive TEM mode feedback, whose total length is decreased by 23.6% compared to the previous design, is presented. A high power microwave with a power of 2.25 GW and a frequency of 8.4 GHz is generated with a 690 kV, 9.3 kA electron beam excitation and a 40 kW radio-frequency signal injection. Meanwhile, there is insignificant self-excitation of the parasitic mode in the proposed structure in three-dimensional particle-in-cell simulation, and the relative phase shifts between the injected signals and the output microwaves are kept locked after the amplifier becomes saturated.
Density functional tight binding study of

β

-Ga2O3: Electronic structure, surface energy, and native point defects
Authors: Lee Jonghoon , Ganguli Sabyasachi , Roy Ajit K. , Badescu Stefan C.
Published: May 2019

A new parameter set to model monoclinic gallium oxide, β-Ga2O3, with the density functional tight binding (DFTB) method is developed. Using this new parameter set, DFTB calculations of bulk electronic band structure, surface energy of low-index surfaces, and formation energy of native point vacancy defects are performed and compared with the state-of-the-art density functional theory (DFT) calculations using the advanced hybrid exchange correlation functional. DFTB calculates the bandgap energy of 4.87 eV around the Fermi energy with the conduction band approximately following the DFT study by Peelaers and Van de Walle [Phys. Status Solidi B 252, 828 (2015)]. The surface energies calculated feature the correct order of stability among low index surfaces with surface energies in semiquantitative agreement with Bermudez’ report [Chem. Phys. 323, 193 (2006)]. Oxygen and gallium vacancy defect formation energies and respective transition levels calculated using DFTB with a new parameter set are in semiquantitative agreement with the previous DFT reports by Varley et al. and Zacherle et al. [Appl. Phys. Lett. 97, 142106 (2010); Phys. Rev. B 87, 235206 (2013)]. This new semiempirical parameter set for β-Ga2O3, validated in bulk, surface, and point properties, would be useful for large spatiotemporal quantum chemical calculations regarding β-Ga2O3.
Intrinsic limits of leakage current in self-heating-triggered threshold switches
Authors: Wang Ziwen , Kumar Suhas , Williams R. Stanley , Nishi Yoshio , Wong H.-S. Philip
Published: May 2019

Threshold switches, which typically exhibit an abrupt increase in current at an onset voltage, have been used as selector devices to suppress leakage current in crosspoint arrays of two-terminal resistive switching memory devices. One of the most important metrics for selector devices is the leakage or low-voltage current, which limits the maximum achievable size of the crosspoint memory array. Here, we show that for self-heating-triggered threshold switches, there is an intrinsic lower limit to the leakage current resulting from the need to avoid an electric field-induced breakdown of the active material. We provide a quantitative theoretical estimate of this limit for NbOx threshold switches, one of the most widely studied selectors, and provide a plausible explanation for the experimentally observed leakage currents in NbOx. Our results provide some guidelines for achieving minimum leakage currents in threshold switches.
Individually addressable double quantum dots formed with nanowire polytypes and identified by epitaxial markers
Authors: Barker D. , Lehmann S. , Namazi L. , Nilsson M. , Thelander C. , Dick K. A. , Maisi V. F.
Published: May 2019

Double quantum dots (DQDs) hold great promise as building blocks for quantum technology as they allow for two electronic states to coherently couple. Defining QDs with materials rather than using electrostatic gating allows for QDs with a hard-wall confinement potential and more robust charge and spin states. An unresolved problem is how to individually address these QDs, which is necessary for controlling quantum states. We here report the fabrication of DQD devices defined by the conduction band edge offset at the interface of the wurtzite and zinc blende crystal phases of InAs in nanowires. By using sacrificial epitaxial GaSb markers selectively forming on one crystal phase, we are able to precisely align gate electrodes allowing us to probe and control each QD independently. We hence observe textbooklike charge stability diagrams, a discrete energy spectrum, and electron numbers consistent with theoretical estimates and investigate the tunability of the devices, finding that changing the electron number can be used to tune the tunnel barrier as expected by simple band diagram arguments.
Investigation of the power transfer efficiency in a radio-frequency driven negative hydrogen ion source
Authors: Li Hong , Gao Fei , Wen De-Qi , Yang Wei , Du Peng-Cheng , Wang You-Nian
Published: May 2019

The radio frequency power transfer efficiency is experimentally and numerically investigated in an inductively coupled negative hydrogen ion source. The discharge is operated in a low pressure range of 0.1–3 Pa at a driving frequency of 2 MHz and an applied power of up to 6 kW. In the experiment, the power transfer efficiency value is determined by measuring the applied power and current through the antenna coil both with and without discharge operation. Fundamental properties, such as electron density and effective electron temperature, are obtained by means of a Langmuir probe. The effect of the antenna coil turns, N, is also studied in a range of 5–9 turns. It is found that more coil turns can significantly enhance the power transfer efficiency due to the remarkably increasing quality factor of the system. Moreover, the experimental results show that the power transfer efficiency first increases and then reaches the maximum with increasing applied power, while it first increases quickly and then rises at a slower rate with increasing gas pressure. In order to give a comprehensive knowledge of the power absorption mechanism, a self-consistent hybrid model is developed. It is found that the numerical results are in reasonable agreement with that measured in the experiment. The numerical results and the analytic solutions in the limit cases of low and high pressures can well explain the various trends of the power transfer efficiency obtained in the experiment. These trends mainly depend on the quality factor Q, the electron density, and the effective electron collision frequency.
High sensitivity microwave spectroscopy in a cryogenic buffer gas cell
Authors: Porterfield Jessica P. , Satterthwaite Lincoln , Eibenberger Sandra , Patterson David , McCarthy Michael C.
Published: May 2019

We describe an instrument which can be used to analyze complex chemical mixtures at high resolution and high sensitivity. Molecules are collisionally cooled with helium gas at cryogenic temperatures (∼4–7 K) and subsequently detected using chirped pulse microwave spectroscopy. Here, we demonstrate three significant improvements to the apparatus relative to an earlier version: (1) extension of its operating range by more than a factor of two, from 12–18 GHz to 12–26 GHz, which allows a much wider range of species to be characterized; (2) improved detection sensitivity owing to the use of cryogenically cooled low-noise amplifiers and protection switches; and (3) a versatile method of sample input that enables analysis of solids, liquids, gases, and solutions, without the need for chemical separation (as demonstrated with a 12–16 GHz spectrum of lemon oil). This instrument can record broadband microwave spectra at comparable sensitivity to high Q cavity spectrometers which use pulsed supersonic jets, but up to 3000 times faster with a modest increase in the sample consumption rate.
Fixed vortex domain wall propagation in FeNi/Cu multilayered nanowire arrays driven by reversible magnetization evolution
Authors: Abbas M. H. , Ramazani A. , Montazer A. H. , Kashi M. Almasi
Published: May 2019

While studying domain wall (DW) propagation in magnetic nanowires (NWs) may pave the way for future research and technological applications in recording heads and novel sensors, no attention has been paid to the investigation of magnetic reversal modes in multilayered NWs using angular first-order reversal curve (AFORC) analysis. Here, the magnetization reversal process of uniform FeNi/Cu NW arrays with a diameter of 45 nm electrodeposited in the anodic aluminum oxide template is systematically studied by AFORC analysis for the field angle θ (0° ≤ θ ≤ 90°) and compared with the average magnetic behavior of reversal modes based on conventional hysteresis loop measurements. The FeNi segment aspect ratio is kept constant at about 5, whereas the Cu segment length (LCu) increases from 2.5 to 25 nm. AFORC coercivity increases continuously with increasing θ, indicating that the NWs reverse their magnetization by nucleation and propagation of vortex DW (VDW). At θ = 0°, the respective hysteresis loop coercivity and magnetostatic coupling between FeNi segments along the NW length are reduced by increasing LCu from 2.5 to 25 nm, resulting in an enhancement in the reversible fraction of NWs from 10% to 48%. However, the VDW reversal mode is not influenced by the increase in NW reversibility as a function of θ for the different LCu, which arises from constant properties of the FeNi segments. The AFORC analysis of the reversal mechanism is also found to be in agreement with recent angle-dependent anisotropic magnetoresistance measurements in single multilayered NWs.
Electromagnetic energy rotation by azimuthal surface waves along plasma-metal interface around a cylindrical metallic rod placed into infinite magnetized plasma
Authors: Girka Igor O. , Pavlenko Ivan V. , Thumm Manfred
Published: May 2019

Electromagnetic energy rotation around a cylindrical metallic rod placed into an infinite plasma, parallel to an external static uniform magnetic field, is studied. Angular phase velocity and angular velocity of energy transport are introduced and analyzed as functions of the plasma waveguide parameters: rod radius, plasma particle density, azimuthal wave number, and external static axial magnetic field. These angular velocities are compared with the case of wave propagation in cylindrical metallic waveguides entirely filled by magnetoactive plasma.
Novel approach to stochastic acceleration of electrons in colliding laser fields
Authors: Zhang Yanzeng , Krasheninnikov Sergei
Published: May 2019

The mechanism of stochastic electron acceleration in colliding laser waves is investigated by employing proper canonical variables and effective time, such that the new Hamiltonian becomes time independent when the perturbative laser wave is absent. The performed analytical analysis clearly reveals the physical picture of stochastic electron dynamics. It shows that when the amplitude of the perturbative laser field exceeds some critical value, stochastic electron acceleration occurs within some electron energy range. The conditions, at which the maximum electron energy gained under stochastic acceleration greatly exceeds the ponderomotive energy scaling based on the amplitude of the dominant laser, are derived.
Height reversal in Au coverage on MoS2 flakes/SiO2: Thermal control of interfacial nucleation
Authors: Shen Yi-Hsin , Hsu Chuan-Che , Chang Po-Chun , Lin Wen-Chin
Published: May 2019

In this study, we examined the growth of Au over monolayer MoS2 flakes on SiO2/Si(001) substrates at a temperature range of 25–230 °C. Based on atomic force microscopy (AFM) images, a height reversal phenomenon was observed after deposition of 2–8 nm Au. Depending on the growth temperature and Au coverage, the height difference between the MoS2 flake and the SiO2 area reversed from a single layer height of MoS2 (∼+0.7 nm) to a range –1.0 to –3.5 nm. This indicates that, based on AFM data, the apparent height of Au/MoS2 is significantly lower than that of Au/SiO2. Scanning electron microscopy results indicate the different lateral nucleation size and shapes of Au coverage on the MoS2 and SiO2 surfaces. In addition, transmission electron microscopy images confirmed the two dimensional and three dimensional growth of Au on the MoS2 and SiO2 surfaces, respectively. The different growth modes of Au on the MoS2 and SiO2 surfaces led to significant changes in the apparent height and thus blocked electrical conduction. These results provide information about nucleation and morphology of Au coverage on MoS2/SiO2 and will be valuable for future applications.
Social media’s enduring effect on adolescent life satisfaction
Authors: Orben Amy , Dienlin Tobias , Przybylski Andrew K.
Published: May 2019

In this study, we used large-scale representative panel data to disentangle the between-person and within-person relations linking adolescent social media use and well-being. We found that social media use is not, in and of itself, a strong predictor of life satisfaction across the adolescent population. Instead, social media effects are nuanced, small at best, reciprocal over time, gender specific, and contingent on analytic methods.
Effect Estimates in Randomized Trials and Observational Studies: Comparing Apples With Apples
Authors: Lodi Sara , Phillips Andrew , Lundgren Jens , Logan Roger , Sharma Shweta , Cole Stephen R , Babiker Abdel , Law Matthew , Chu Haitao , Byrne Dana , Horban Andrzej , Sterne Jonathan A C , Porter Kholoud , Sabin Caroline , Costagliola Dominique , Abgrall Sophie , Gill John , Touloumi Giota , Pacheco Antonio G , van Sighem Ard , Reiss Peter , Bucher Heiner C , Montoliu Giménez Alexandra , Jarrin Inmaculada , Wittkop Linda , Meyer Laurence , Perez-Hoyos Santiago , Justice Amy , Neaton James D , Hernán Miguel A ,   INSIGHT START Study Group and the HIV-CAUSAL Collaboration
Published: May 2019

Effect estimates from randomized trials and observational studies might not be directly comparable because of differences in study design, other than randomization, and in data analysis. We propose a 3-step procedure to facilitate meaningful comparisons of effect estimates from randomized trials and observational studies: 1) harmonization of the study protocols (eligibility criteria, treatment strategies, outcome, start and end of follow-up, causal contrast) so that the studies target the same causal effect, 2) harmonization of the data analysis to estimate the causal effect, and 3) sensitivity analyses to investigate the impact of discrepancies that could not be accounted for in the harmonization process. To illustrate our approach, we compared estimates of the effect of immediate with deferred initiation of antiretroviral therapy in individuals positive for the human immunodeficiency virus from the Strategic Timing of Antiretroviral Therapy (START) randomized trial and the observational HIV-CAUSAL Collaboration.
YeastSpotter: accurate and parameter-free web segmentation for microscopy images of yeast cells
Authors: Lu Alex X , Zarin Taraneh , Hsu Ian S , Moses Alan M
Published: May 2019

We introduce YeastSpotter, a web application for the segmentation of yeast microscopy images into single cells. YeastSpotter is user-friendly and generalizable, reducing the computational expertise required for this critical preprocessing step in many image analysis pipelines.

Availability and implementation

YeastSpotter is available at http://yeastspotter.csb.utoronto.ca/. Code is available at https://github.com/alexxijielu/yeast_segmentation.

Supplementary information

Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
The Prevalence and Characterization of Axial Spondyloarthritis Among Veterans with Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Authors: Salem Mark , Malaty Hoda , Criner Karla , Caplan Liron , Hou Jason
Published: May 2019

Background

Axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA) includes ankylosing spondylitis and inflammatory spinal disease. We validated an algorithm to identify patients with axSpA and examine the prevalence of axSpA in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients.

Methods

Diagnostic code algorithms to identify patients with axSpA were compared using a sample of randomly selected patients for chart review and used to estimate prevalence in a national cohort of IBD patients.

Results

Using the best performing algorithm for axSpA among IBD patients [>3 codes and >90 days between encounters (positive predictive value = 0.813, negative predictive value = 0.742)], 1545 cases of axSpA were identified among 77,824 IBD patients, a prevalence of 1.99%. Fifty-five percent of patients were diagnosed with IBD before axSpA, 24% were diagnosed concurrently, and 21% of patients were diagnosed with axSpA before IBD.
Abnormal aortic flow profiles persist after aortic valve replacement in the majority of patients with aortic valve disease: how model-based personalized therapy planning could improve results. A pilot study approach
Authors: Nordmeyer Sarah , Hellmeier Florian , Yevtushenko Pavel , Kelm Marcus , Lee Chong-Bin , Lehmann Daniel , Kropf Siegfried , Berger Felix , Falk Volkmar , Knosalla Christoph , Kuehne Titus , Goubergrits Leonid
Published: May 2019

OBJECTIVES

Complex blood flow profiles in the aorta are known to contribute to vessel dilatation. We studied flow profiles in the aorta in patients with aortic valve disease before and after surgical aortic valve replacement (AVR).

METHODS

Thirty-four patients with aortic valve disease underwent 4-dimensional velocity-encoded magnetic resonance imaging before and after AVR (biological valve = 27, mechanical valve = 7). Seven healthy volunteers served as controls. Eccentricity (ES) and complex flow scores (CFS) were determined from the degree of helicity, vorticity and eccentricity of flow profiles in the aorta. Model-based therapy planning was used in 4 cases to improve in silico postoperative flow profiles by personalized adjustment of size, rotation and angulation of the valve as well as aorta diameter.

RESULTS

Patients with aortic valve disease showed more complex flow than controls [median ES 2.5 (interquartile range (IQR) 2.3–2.7) vs 1.0 (IQR 1.0–1.0), P < 0.001, median CFS 4.7 (IQR 4.3–4.8) vs 1.0 (IQR 1.0–2.0), P < 0.001]. After surgery, flow complexity in the total patient cohort was reduced, but remained significantly higher compared to controls [median ES 2.3 (IQR 1.9–2.3) vs 1.0 (IQR 1.0–1.0), P < 0.001, median CFS 3.8 (IQR 3.0–4.3) vs 1.0 (IQR 1.0–2.0), P < 0.001]. In patients after mechanical AVR, flow complexity fell substantially and showed no difference from controls [median ES 1.0 (IQR 1.0–2.3) vs 1.0 (IQR 1.0–1.0), P = 0.46, median CFS 1.0 (IQR 1.0–3.3) vs 1.0 (IQR 1.0–2.0), P = 0.71]. In all 4 selected cases (biological, n = 2; mechanical, n = 2), model-based therapy planning reduced in silico complexity of flow profiles compared to the existing post-surgical findings [median ES 1.7 (IQR 1.4–1.7) vs 2.3 (IQR 2.3–2.3); CFS 1.7 (IQR 1.4–2.5) vs 3.8 (IQR 3.3–4.3)].

CONCLUSIONS

Abnormal flow profiles in the aorta more frequently persist after surgical AVR. Model-based therapy planning might have the potential to optimize treatment for best possible individual outcome.

Clinical trial registration number

clinicaltrials.gov NCT03172338, 1 June 2017, retrospectively registered; NCT02591940, 30 October 2015, retrospectively registered.
Causes and mechanisms of isolated mitral regurgitation in the community: clinical context and outcome
Authors: Dziadzko Volha , Dziadzko Mikhail , Medina-Inojosa Jose R , Benfari Giovanni , Michelena Hector I , Crestanello Juan A , Maalouf Joseph , Thapa Prabin , Enriquez-Sarano Maurice
Published: May 2019

Aims

To define the hitherto unknown aetiology/mechanism distributions of mitral regurgitation (MR) in the community and the linked clinical characteristics/outcomes.

Methods and results

We identified all isolated, moderate/severe MR diagnosed in our community (Olmsted County, MN, USA) between 2000 and 2010 and classified MR aetiology/mechanisms. Eligible patients (n = 727) were 73 ± 18 years, 51% females, with ejection fraction (EF) 49 ± 17%. MR was functional (FMR) in 65%, organic (OMR) in 32% and 2% mixed. Functional MR was linked to left ventricular remodelling (FMR-v) 38% and isolated atrial dilatation (FMR-a) 27%. At diagnosis FMR-v vs. FMR-a, vs. OMR displayed profound differences (all P < 0.0001) in age (73 ± 14, 80 ± 10, 68 ± 21years), male-sex (59, 33, 51%), atrial-fibrillation (28, 54, 13%), EF (33 ± 14, 57 ± 11, 61 ± 10%), and regurgitant-volume (38 ± 13, 37 ± 11, 51 ± 24 mL/beat). Dominant MR mechanism was Type I (normal valve-movement) 38%, Type II (excessive valve-movement) 25%, Type IIIa (diastolic movement-restriction) 3%, and Type IIIb (systolic movement-restriction) 34%. Outcomes were mediocre with excess-mortality vs. general-population in FMR-v [risk ratio 3.45 (2.98–3.99), P < 0.0001] but also FMR-a [risk ratio 1.88 (1.52–2.25), P < 0.0001] and OMR [risk ratio 1.83 (1.50–2.22), P < 0.0001]. Heart failure was frequent, particularly in FMR-v (5-year 83 ± 3% vs. 59 ± 4% FMR-a, 40 ± 3% OMR, P < 0.0001). Mitral surgery during patients’ lifetime was performed in 4% of FMR-v, 3% of FMR-a, and 37% of OMR.

Conclusion

Moderate/severe isolated MR in the community displays considerable aetiology/mechanism heterogeneity. Functional MR dominates, mostly FMR-v but FMR-a is frequent and degenerative MR dominates OMR. Outcomes are mediocre with excess-mortality particularly with FMR-v but FMR-a, despite normal EF incurs notable excess-mortality and frequent heart failure. Pervasive undertreatment warrants clinical trials of therapies tailored to specific MR cause/mechanisms.
Radiogenomics Consortium Genome-Wide Association Study Meta-Analysis of Late Toxicity After Prostate Cancer Radiotherapy
Authors: Kerns Sarah L , Fachal Laura , Dorling Leila , Barnett Gillian C , Baran Andrea , Peterson Derick R , Hollenberg Michelle , Hao Ke , Narzo Antonio Di , Ahsen Mehmet Eren , Pandey Gaurav , Bentzen Søren M , Janelsins Michelle , Elliott Rebecca M , Pharoah Paul D P , Burnet Neil G , Dearnaley David P , Gulliford Sarah L , Hall Emma , Sydes Matthew R , Aguado-Barrera Miguel E , Gómez-Caamaño Antonio , Carballo Ana M , Peleteiro Paula , Lobato-Busto Ramón , Stock Richard , Stone Nelson N , Ostrer Harry , Usmani Nawaid , Singhal Sandeep , Tsuji Hiroshi , Imai Takashi , Saito Shiro , Eeles Rosalind , DeRuyck Kim , Parliament Matthew , Dunning Alison M , Vega Ana , Rosenstein Barry S , West Catharine M L
Published: May 2019

Background

A total of 10%–20% of patients develop long-term toxicity following radiotherapy for prostate cancer. Identification of common genetic variants associated with susceptibility to radiotoxicity might improve risk prediction and inform functional mechanistic studies.

Methods

We conducted an individual patient data meta-analysis of six genome-wide association studies (n = 3871) in men of European ancestry who underwent radiotherapy for prostate cancer. Radiotoxicities (increased urinary frequency, decreased urinary stream, hematuria, rectal bleeding) were graded prospectively. We used grouped relative risk models to test associations with approximately 6 million genotyped or imputed variants (time to first grade 2 or higher toxicity event). Variants with two-sided Pmeta less than 5 × 10−8 were considered statistically significant. Bayesian false discovery probability provided an additional measure of confidence. Statistically significant variants were evaluated in three Japanese cohorts (n = 962). All statistical tests were two-sided.

Results

Meta-analysis of the European ancestry cohorts identified three genomic signals: single nucleotide polymorphism rs17055178 with rectal bleeding (Pmeta = 6.2 × 10−10), rs10969913 with decreased urinary stream (Pmeta = 2.9 × 10−10), and rs11122573 with hematuria (Pmeta = 1.8 × 10−8). Fine-scale mapping of these three regions was used to identify another independent signal (rs147121532) associated with hematuria (Pconditional = 4.7 × 10−6). Credible causal variants at these four signals lie in gene-regulatory regions, some modulating expression of nearby genes. Previously identified variants showed consistent associations (rs17599026 with increased urinary frequency, rs7720298 with decreased urinary stream, rs1801516 with overall toxicity) in new cohorts. rs10969913 and rs17599026 had similar effects in the photon-treated Japanese cohorts.

Conclusions

This study increases the understanding of the architecture of common genetic variants affecting radiotoxicity, points to novel radio-pathogenic mechanisms, and develops risk models for testing in clinical studies. Further multinational radiogenomics studies in larger cohorts are worthwhile.