bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Spatially explicit predictions using spatial eigenvector maps
Authors: Guénard Guillaume , Legendre Pierre
Published: October 2024

In this paper, we explain how to obtain sets of descriptors of the spatial variation, which we call “predictive Moran's eigenvector maps” (pMEM), that can be used to make spatially explicit predictions for any environmental variables, biotic or abiotic. It unites features of a method called “Moran's eigenvector maps” (MEM) and those of spatial interpolation, and produces sets of descriptors that can be used with any other modelling method, such as regressions, support vector machines, regression trees, artificial neural networks and so on. The pMEM are the predictive eigenvectors produced by using a distance‐weighting function (DWF) in the construction of MEM. Seven types of pMEM, each associated with one of seven different DWFs, were defined and studied.

We performed a simulation study to determine the power of different types of pMEM eigenfunctions at making accurate predictions for spatially structured variables.

We exemplified the application of the method to the prediction of the spatial distribution of 35 Oribatid mites living in a peat moss (Sphagnum) mat on the shore of a Laurentian lake. We also provide an R language package called pMEM to make calculations easily available to end users.

The results indicate that anyone of the pMEMs obtained from the different DWFs could be the best suited one to predict spatial variability in a given data set. Their application to the prediction of mite distributions highlights the capability of pMEMs for predicting distributions, and for providing spatially explicit estimates of environmental variables that are useful for predicting distributions.
Auditor industry expertise and the predictive power of the deferred tax valuation allowance
Authors: Axelton Zhuoli , Gramlich Jeffrey , Harris M. Kathleen
Published: October 2024

This paper investigates whether auditor industry expertise influences the predictive value of management earnings forecasts embedded in the deferred tax asset valuation allowance (VA). VAs depend on management's forecast of future taxable earnings and can provide investors with information about expected changes in future earnings. We find that audit industry expertise improves the predictive power of the VA, but there is no evidence of a similar effect for tax‐specific industry expertise. These results are robust to entropy balancing and quasi‐experimental analyses around auditors becoming industry experts.
Tasks and responsibilities of clinical midwives in Dutch hospitals
Authors: Harmsen van der Vliet‐Torij Hanneke W. , van Heijningen‐Tousain Heidi J. M. , Wingelaar‐Loomans Eva , Engeltjes Bernice , Steegers Eric A. P. , Goumans Marleen J. B. M. , Posthumus Anke G.
Published: October 2024

Background

The number of Dutch clinical midwives has increased substantially over the last 20 years, but their tasks, responsibilities, and formal positions remain unclear. This study aimed to gain insight into the current tasks and responsibilities of clinical midwives in Dutch hospitals. We also aimed to determine whether these tasks varied among three types of hospitals in the Netherlands: secondary nonteaching hospitals, secondary teaching hospitals, and tertiary hospitals.

Methods

A cross‐sectional national survey in which a questionnaire was sent to 810 clinical midwives from 78 hospitals was conducted. Responses from 412 (51%) clinical midwives from 77 hospitals were included in the analysis.

Results

Most respondents (97%) provided care in the delivery wards. They were often involved in the induction of labor (88%), requests for pain relief (87%), cases of meconium‐stained fluid (59%), prolonged first‐stage labor (56%), and maternal hypertensive disorders (43%). Daily tasks and responsibilities were determined by the type of pathology (60%), caseload in the ward (48%), and years of work experience (28%). The tasks varied according to hospital type, and the majority also conducted non‐care‐related tasks, such as auditing (83%) and teaching (67%).

Conclusions

Dutch clinical midwives play important roles in obstetric care. They provide care for women with a wide range of pathologies they are not always trained for. In addition, they perform non‐care‐related tasks. Their tasks varied according to hospital type. To ensure that they are both skilled and authorized, compulsory training and formalization of their profession are possible interventions.
Neobavaisoflavone Ameliorates Memory Deficits and Brain Damage in Aβ25‐35‐Induced Mice by Regulating SIRT1
Authors: Hao Fengxiao , Zeng Mengnan , Cao Bing , Liang Xiwen , Ye Kaili , Jiao Xinmian , Feng Weisheng , Zheng Xiaoke
Published: October 2024

Background

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a common chronic neurodegenerative disease in older people, and there is no specific treatment that can stop or reverse its progression. Neobavaisoflavone (NBIF) is a flavonoid that has been shown to have neuroprotective effects, but its role in AD has not been revealed. The present study investigated the role and mechanism of NBIF on Aβ25‐35‐induced brain injury.

Methods

In this experiment, the AD mouse model was established by injection of Aβ25‐35 peptides (200 μM, icv), and Donepezil (Don, 10 mg/kg/days), NBIF‐L (15 mg/kg/days), and NBIF‐H (30 mg/kg/days) were administered orally for 4 weeks. Learning memory, hippocampal pathological changes, pathological markers, apoptosis, oxidative stress, inflammation, immune cells were measured in mice. Network pharmacology combined with the GEO database led to the identification of SIRT1, a key target for NBIF intervention in AD, and levels of SIRT1, p‐STAT3 and FOXO1 were measured. In addition, the antagonistic activity of SIRT1 transfection silencing against NBIF in Aβ25‐35‐induced in N9 cells and N2a‐APP69 cells was investigated to assess whether the effects caused by NBIF were mediated by SIRT1.

Results

The results showed that NBIF ameliorated learning memory and hippocampal neuronal damage, reduced pathological markers, apoptosis, oxidative stress and neuroinflammation, and modulated immune cells. SIRT1 is a key target for NBIF intervention in AD, and NBIF upregulates SIRT1 and reduces the expression levels of p‐STAT3 and FOXO1. Furthermore, silencing SIRT1 effectively reduced the protective effect of NBIF on Aβ25‐35‐induced N9 cells and N2a‐APP69 cells, which indicated that the protective effect of NBIF on AD is related to SIRT1.

Conclusions

NBIF ameliorated Aβ25‐35‐induced brain injury by inhibiting apoptosis, oxidative stress, and neuroinflammation, which may be mediated through SIRT1 signaling. These findings provide a rationale for NBIF in the treatment of AD and help facilitate the development of clinical therapeutic agents for AD.
Impact of the Prognostic Nutritional Index on the Development of Sialocele or Salivary Fistula, After Parotidectomy
Authors: Paksoy Zehra Betül , Kundi Fatma Cemre Sazak
Published: October 2024

Purpose

Sialocele or salivary fistula formation is common after parotidectomy. This study aims to evaluate the predictive value of the prognostic nutritional index in the development of salivary fistulas and sialoceles after parotidectomy.

Methods

Patients who underwent parotidectomy at our clinic and were diagnosed with benign salivary gland masses were included in the study. Patients who developed postoperative sialoceles or salivary fistulas were identified. Various factors were assessed, including surgical technique, tumour size, gender, age, prognostic nutritional index, and the volume of the excised mass. Variables associated with sialocele or salivary fistula were later included in a multiple logistic regression model. Possible factors related to the formation of sialocele or salivary fistulas were analysed.

Results

The study comprised 158 patients (95 male and 63 female). The frequency of sialocele or salivary fistula development was 13.9% (n = 22). The multiple logistic regression model found that the prognostic nutritional index(PNI) was linked to the occurrence of sialocele or salivary fistula (ORs = 0.9, 95% CI = [0.9], p = 0.003). Warthin tumour was associated with an elevated risk of sialocele or salivary fistula (ORs = 0.38, 95% CI = [0.184, 0.79], p = 0.009). ROC analysis demonstrated that the PNI had a specificity of 90% and a sensitivity of 68%. No significant associations were observed between the excised tumour size, surgical technique with the development of sialocele or salivary fistula.

Conclusion

Prognostic nutritional index can be utilised as an independent risk factor for the development of sialocele, or salivary fistula.
Photobiomodulation suppresses allergic contact dermatitis by inhibiting T‐cell activation
Authors: Fu Jingfei , Zhao Rui , Jiang Yiyang , Chen Yingyi , Du Juan , Liu Yi , Xu Junji
Published: October 2024

Background

Allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) is a dermal inflammatory disease caused by allergic reactions to substances that contact the skin. The hyperactivation of T cells plays an important role in its pathogenesis. Photobiomodulation (PBM) is an efficacious therapeutic approach for suppressing inflammatory diseases.

Objective

This study aimed to evaluate the potentially beneficial role of PBM in ACD models and investigate its possible mechanisms.

Methods

In this study, the ACD model of C57BL/6 mice was produced and treated with PBM, and the number of T cells was evaluated. In an in vitro study, naïve T cells were isolated and intervened with PBM. The markers of T cell activation were detected by flow cytometer. Transforming growth factor‐β (TGF‐β) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) were detected to investigate the mechanism.

Results

PBM effectively inhibited the inflammatory response by impeding the number of T cells in the ACD model. And in vitro studies showed that PBM could directly moderate the activation of naïve T cells and possess the capability to impede T cell activation via TGF‐beta signaling pathway.

Conclusion

Our finding elucidates the potential mechanism underlying the inhibitory effects of PBM in inflammatory diseases and furnishes a theoretical foundation for its clinical application.
Preclinical metabolism and metabolic drug–drug interaction profile of pedunculoside and rotundic acid
Authors: Wu Liang , Dong Linling , Zhou Zhu , Wang Xin , Lin Yujie , Shi Xuesong , Wang Peijing , Xu Suocheng , Fang Zhiyi
Published: October 2024

Pedunculoside and rotundic acid, the most abundant components in plants of the genus Ilex L. (Aquifoliaceae), exhibit biological and pharmacological significance in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. However, there have been few studies on their metabolism. This study performed a systematic metabolism study of pedunculoside and rotundic acid and evaluated their potential for herb–drug interaction. Pedunculoside or rotundic acid was incubated with human liver microsomes and recombinant human metabolic enzymes, and analyzed using LC‐Q‐TOF/MS and LC–MS/MS. Pedunculoside was found to be the most stable in human liver microsomes, whereas rotundic acid was easily metabolized. Eight pedunculoside metabolites and six rotundic acid metabolites were detected and tentatively identified through hydroxylation, glucuronidation, acetylation, and glucose conjugation. Hydroxylation of pedunculoside is mainly catalyzed by CYP3A4/5 and partly by CYP2C8. Hydroxylation of rotundic acid is almost exclusively catalyzed by CYP3A4/5, and its glucuronidation reaction is mediated by UGT1A4. Neither pedunculoside nor rotundic acid showed CYP inhibition (IC50 values > 50 μM) with the probe substrates of major CYP isoforms during incubation with human liver microsomes. This study is the first investigation into the in vitro metabolism of pedunculoside and rotundic acid using human liver microsomes. It also aims to assess their potential as perpetrators of drug–drug interactions involving CYP enzymes. The comprehensive metabolism and drug interaction studies of pedunculoside and rotundic acid enable us to evaluate and manage potential risks with their use in pharmacotherapy.
Lymphocytic‐rich effusion
Authors: Townsend Jaiden , Perez‐Machado Miguel
Published: October 2024

Cytopathology plays a crucial role in the diagnosis and management of lymphocytic effusions, which are fluid collections rich in lymphocytes often associated with conditions like infections, malignancies, and autoimmune diseases. By examining the cytological features of the cells present in the effusion, cytopathologists can help distinguish between benign and malignant processes, identify specific infectious agents, and provide insights into underlying disease mechanisms. This information is vital for guiding treatment decisions and monitoring disease progression, making cytopathology an essential tool in the clinical evaluation of lymphocytic effusions.
Kombination aus sekundärer Wundheilung und Dehnungsplastik zur Deckung großer Gesichtsdefekte
Authors: Arif Nawa , Baumann Lara , Felcht Moritz
Published: October 2024

Seit mehr als 200 Jahren ist die Technik der sekundären Wundheilung eine fest etablierte Methode für den Verschluss von Wunddefekten. In der Leiter der plastischen Rekonstruktion ist sie die einfachste aller Wundverschlusstechniken. Der Direktverschluss mittels Dehnungsplastik wird als zweiteinfachste Methode angesehen. Die Kombination aus diesen beiden Techniken ist bereits jetzt fester Bestandteil bei speziellen Eingriffen wie beispielsweise der Hebedefektdeckung beim paramedianen Stirnlappen.

Die Übersichtsarbeit wird zeigen, dass diese Kombinationstechnik auch für andere ästhetische Regionen im Gesichtsbereich eine gute Alternative zu komplexeren Lappenplastiken sein kann. Dies sind die Kopfhaut, die laterale Wangenregion (präaurikulär), der obere Nasenabhang/mediale Augeninnenwinkel und die retroaurikuläre Region. Die Vor‐ und Nachteile dieser Kombinationstechnik werden anhand klinischer Beispiele diskutiert.
Epidemiologischer Überblick mukokutaner Pilzinfektionen in München
Authors: Hoffmann Liv C. , Reinholz Markus , French Lars E. , Sárdy Miklós , Wollenberg Andreas , Kerschnitzki Annette , Horváth Orsolya N.
Published: October 2024

Hintergrund und Ziel

Kenntnisse über das aktuelle Spektrum von Dermatomykosen sind für die Diagnose und Therapie wichtig.

Patienten und Methodik

Es wurde eine retrospektive, monozentrische Analyse von mukokutanen Pilzinfektionen durchgeführt, die in einer großen europäischen akademischen dermatologischen Abteilung in München diagnostiziert wurden; 87 229 Proben von 48 916 Patienten vom 1. Januar 2011 bis zum 30. August 2020 wurden einbezogen.

Ergebnisse

Pilze wurden in 11 513 Proben von 48 916 (23,54%) nachgewiesen, und es wurden 36 verschiedene Arten identifiziert. Candida (C.) albicans war der häufigste Erreger (5055 Nachweise; 43,91% aller positiven Proben), gefolgt von Trichophyton (T.) rubrum (3076 Nachweise; 26,72% aller positiven Proben) und C. parapsilosis (923 Nachweise; 8,02% aller positiven Proben). Auch seltene Erreger wie T. raubitschekii wurden nachgewiesen. Mischinfektionen mit mehreren Arten wurden in 44 Fällen festgestellt.

Schlussfolgerungen

Obwohl C. albicans, T. rubrum und C. parapsilosis als die häufigsten Erreger bestätigt wurden, sollten auch seltene Erreger in der klinischen Praxis berücksichtigt werden. Das vorherrschende Spektrum der Pilze unterschied sich von dem in anderen Ländern berichteten. Darüber hinaus konnte je nach Altersgruppe und Körperstelle ein Unterschied im Erregerspektrum beobachtet werden.
Size and Function of the Right Atrium in Healthy Children by Three‐Dimensional Echocardiography
Authors: Haughian Brendan , Jone Pei‐Ni , Le Lisa , Khoo Nee Scze , Colen Timothy , Vetten Zoe , Eckersley Luke
Published: October 2024

Purpose

Right atrial volume (RAV) and function have proven prognostic value in the assessment of cardiac disease and may be more accurately assessed using three‐dimensional echocardiography (3DE). Normal 3DE reference values for the right atrial (RA) volume and function in healthy children have not yet been published. Furthermore, current methods of indexing cardiac measurements to body surface area (BSA) alone may be insufficient. We aimed to develop reference values for 3DE‐derived RAV and function in the pediatric population, to provide a comparison of regression methods using BSA, height, weight, and sex, and to compare 3DE values to two‐dimensional echocardiography (2DE) derived volumes.

Methods

We retrospectively analyzed 187 3DE datasets acquired for a multi‐center study on healthy children at two international centers. 3DE volumes were measured with vendor‐agnostic software (Tomtec), and 2DE endo‐diastolic volume (EDV) using the area‐length single‐plane approach. Regression curve‐fitting of height (Ht), weight (Wt), BSA, and sex were explored to optimize Pearson coefficient and homoscedasticity.

Results

The relationship of 3DE RAVs to BSA alone was heteroscedastic, with a residual positive relationship on indexing (R2 = 0.2506). Optimal regression of Ln (Volume) = b0 + x*Ln (Ht) + y*Ln (Wt) + z*Sex was homoscedastic. Total RA emptying fraction (EF) did not vary across age or sex, however active and passive emptying was best fit by a spline curve with a knot at approximately BSA = 1 m2. Strong agreement with 2DE‐derived EDV was present (r2 = 0.83).

Conclusion

We provide reference values for RA size and function in the pediatric population and provide a comparison of methods for indexing these values.
Leveraging Multi‐Omics Approaches and Advanced Technologies to Unravel the Molecular Complexities, Modifiers, and Precision Medicine Strategies for Hemoglobin H Disease
Authors: Pahelkar Akshata , Sharma Deep , Vohra Payaam , Sawant Sayli
Published: October 2024

Hemoglobin H (HbH) disease, a form of alpha‐thalassemia, poses significant clinical challenges due to its complex molecular underpinnings. It is characterized by reduced synthesis of the alpha‐globin chain. The integration of multi‐omics and precision medicine holds immense potential to comprehensively understand and capture interactions at the molecular and genetic levels. This review integrates current multi‐omics approaches and advanced technologies in HbH research. Furthermore, it delves into detailed pathophysiology and possible therapeutics in the upcoming future. We explore the role of genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics studies, alongside bioinformatics tools and gene‐editing technologies like CRISPR/Cas9, to identify genetic modifiers, decipher molecular pathways, and discover therapeutic targets. Recent advancements are unveiling novel genetic and epigenetic modifiers impacting HbH disease severity, paving the way for personalized precision medicine interventions. The significance of multi‐omics research in unraveling the complexities of rare diseases like HbH is underscored, highlighting its potential to revolutionize clinical practice through precision medicine approaches. This paradigm shift can pave the way for a deeper understanding of HbH complexities and improved disease management.
Infusion Reactions With Alternative Therapies During the National Shortage of Iron Dextran
Authors: Jacob Brigid , Jamil Maria , Raslan Shahm , Springer Kylie , Nasser Zeinab , Kuriakose Philip
Published: October 2024

Prior to the national shortage of iron dextran in early 2023, it was the most commonly administered intravenous iron infusion at our institution. After the shortage impacted the health system, alternatives such as iron sucrose and sodium ferric gluconate/sucrose were required that utilized lower doses given at more frequent patient visits. Coinciding with their more prevalent use, an increase in iron infusion reactions was observed. Our study analyzed 880 patients who received iron infusions in three Henry Ford Hospital clinics in metropolitan Detroit, Michigan, from July 2022–June 2023. The 74 reactions that occurred were most commonly associated with iron sucrose at the 500 mg dose (41/74, 55.41%, p < 0.0001). Most reactions observed across all iron formulations and doses were mild, with 83.7% being Grade 0 or 1 as defined by the United States Drug Allergy Registry (USDAR) grading scale for immediate reactions. Patients who experienced an infusion reaction were less likely to complete their infusion plans (OR 0.004 for iron dextran, OR 0.128 for iron sucrose, p < 0.0001), with infusions most commonly being completely discontinued thereafter, with a minority pursuing alternative options. More patients with lower number of doses scheduled for iron dextran completed their infusion schedules than those with more doses, but the opposite was seen for iron sucrose. We assessed the impact of the national shortage of iron dextran examining infusion reactions with various iron infusions and doses.
Genetic contribution to sleep homeostasis in early adolescence
Authors: Markovic Andjela , Rusterholz Thomas , Achermann Peter , Kaess Michael , Tarokh Leila
Published: October 2024

The sleep homeostatic process in adults is moderately stable over time and unique to an individual. Work in transgenic mice has suggested a role of genes in sleep homeostasis. The current study quantified the genetic contribution to sleep homeostasis in adolescence. We use slow wave energy (SWE) as a metric for sleep pressure dissipation during sleep. This measure reflects both sleep intensity and duration. High‐density (58 derivations) sleep electroencephalogram (EEG) was recorded in 14 monozygotic and 12 dizygotic adolescent twin pairs (mean age = 13.2 years; standard deviation [SD] = 1.1; 20 females). SWE at the end of sleep was quantified as the cumulative delta power (1–4.6 Hz) over the night. We also examined the time constant of the decay and the level of slow wave activity (SWA) at the beginning of the sleep episode. Structural equation modelling was used to quantify the amount of variance in SWE and the dissipation of sleep pressure due to genes. We found that most (mean = 76% across EEG derivations) of the variance in SWE was due to genes. In contrast, genes had a small (mean = 33%) influence on the rate of dissipation of sleep pressure, and this measure was largely (mean = 67%) driven by environmental factors unique to each twin. Our results show that the amount of dissipated sleep pressure is largely under genetic control; however, the rate of sleep pressure dissipation is largely due to unique environmental factors. Our findings are in line with research in animals and suggest that the heritability of the rate of sleep pressure dissipation is limited.
Single cell transcriptomics reveals dysregulated immnue homeostasis in different stages in HPV‐induced cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Ding Liqing , Peng Lanyuan , Huang Kai , Qu Shunlin , Li Dongjie , Yao Jianhua , Yang Fan , Zhu Honglin , Zhao Shuang
Published: October 2024

In order to explore the huge impact of impaired immnue homeostasis on the occurrence and development of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC), and investigate characterization of the cellular components and their changes which is crucial to understanding the pathologic process of HPV‐induced cSCC, we diagnosed and followed up on a very rare HPV‐induced cSCC patient who progressed at a very fast rate and transferred to death quickly. We performed single‐cell RNA sequencing (scRNA‐seq) of 11 379 cells from the skin tissues of this patient with four different skin statuses after HPV infection. Immunofluorescence experiments were used for validation. scRNA‐seq identified that CD52+ HLA‐DOA‐ macrophages only existed in paracancerous cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (pc‐cSCC) and cSCC tissue. Besides, immune cells including CD8+ exhausted T cells and CD4+ regulatory T cells as well as matrix cells like MMP1+, and MMP11+ fibroblasts were gradually increased. Meanwhile, COMP+ ASPN+ fibroblasts gradually decreased. Cell interaction analysis revealed enhancement in interactions between monocytes/macrophages, fibroblasts and tumour‐specific keratinocytes. scRNA‐seq was performed in HPV‐induced cSCC for the first time, to explore the correlation between infection and tumour. It is the first time to study the development of tumours from different stages of infection in HPV‐induced cSCC. In this study, the tumour itself and the tumour microenvironment were both analysed and explored. And it was validated in clinical samples from different patients. Our findings reveal the dynamic immnue homeostasis from normal skin to cSCC tissue, this alteration might drive HPV‐induced cSCC.
A Meta‐Analysis of Bycatch Mitigation Methods for Sea Turtles Vulnerable to Swordfish and Tuna Longline Fisheries
Authors: Yan Hao , Zhou Cheng , Gilman Eric , Cao Jie , Wan Rong , Zhang Fan , Zhu Jiangfeng , Xu Liuxiong , Song Liming , Dai Xiaojie , Tian Siquan
Published: October 2024

Fisheries bycatch poses one of the most significant threats to sea turtles. Although various methodologies have been developed to mitigate sea turtle bycatch in swordfish and tuna longline fisheries, the effectiveness and interactions remain uncertain. In this study, we conducted a comprehensive meta‐analysis, encompassing 41 studies focused on sea turtles and 36 studies on tunas, swordfish and sharks, all derived from well‐controlled experimental research in swordfish and tuna longline fisheries. The objective was to systematically evaluate the relative effectiveness of species‐specific mitigation strategies for sea turtles, particularly examining the impact of circle hooks and fish bait as alternatives to conventional longline fishing practices. While a nuanced hierarchy, characterised by species‐specific patterns, was observed among the mitigation measures, circle hooks demonstrated great promise in reducing bycatch of loggerhead, olive ridley and leatherback turtles, with minimal impact on the catch rates of tuna, swordfish and sharks. We highlighted the broader applicability of fish bait in minimising sea turtle bycatch, noting that the effectiveness of bait may overlap with that of hooks, potentially making the additional benefits of the hooks less evident. The study also revealed regional variations in the effectiveness of these methods, emphasising the need for more detailed data collection. Given current data limitations that restrict extensive meta‐analyses, a series of small‐sample studies with promising innovations, exemplified by circle hooks with a wire appendage and blue‐white lights, necessitates in‐depth investigation and field tests.
Development of the Japanese version of the Mobile Device Proficiency Questionnaire: A cross‐sectional validation study
Authors: Shimokihara Suguru , Tanaka Hiroyuki , Boot Walter R , Nagata Yuma , Nakai Shunsuke , Tenjin Masahiro , Tabira Takayuki
Published: October 2024

Aim

In response to the growing popularity of mobile devices among older adults in Japan, this study aimed to establish a reliable and valid measure of mobile device proficiency by developing a Japanese version of the Mobile Device Proficiency Questionnaire (MDPQ‐J) for the Japanese population.

Methods

To evaluate the reliability and validity of the MDPQ‐J, we administered the questionnaire to 100 young or middle‐aged participants (37.78 ± 13.90 years, 57.00% women), and 62 older participants (75.90 ± 6.01 years; 59.68% women).

Results

The MDPQ‐J showed a high degree of internal consistency (Cronbach's α = 0.98). Moreover, MDPQ‐J scores in older participants tended to be lower than those in young or middle‐aged participants. In terms of validity, the MDPQ‐J score of older participants was significantly associated with age (ρ = −0.31), the amount of time using a mobile device per day (ρ = 0.64), and the system usability scale (ρ = 0.39). Additionally, the MDPQ‐J scores were significantly positively associated with the importance (ρ = 0.37), performance (ρ = 0.57), and satisfaction (ρ = 0.29) associated with daily mobile device use in older participants.

Conclusions

The high reliability and validity of the MDPQ‐J in the Japanese population highlight its utility in adapting mobile devices for older adults, which is crucial in an increasingly digital society. Further research should explore the mediating role of mobile device proficiency in various health‐related outcomes. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2024; 24: 1223–1232.
The role of the nervous system in liver diseases
Authors: Mravec Boris , Szantova Maria
Published: October 2024

The nervous system significantly participates in maintaining homeostasis, and modulating repair and regeneration processes in the liver. Moreover, the nervous system also plays an important role in the processes associated with the development and progression of liver disease, and can either potentiate or inhibit these processes. The aim of this review is to describe the mechanisms and pathways through which the nervous system influences the development and progression of liver diseases, such as alcohol‐associated liver disease, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, cholestatic liver disease, hepatitis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. Possible therapeutic implications based on modulation of signals transduction between the nervous system and the liver are also discussed.
Competitive correlation between the interface layers determines the shear strength in Kovar/AgCuTi/Si3N4 joints
Authors: Xu Haifeng , Wang Jie , Fan Fengsong , Zhang Zepeng , Zhang Deyin , Wu Haoyang , Zhang Zhirui , Chu Aimin , Jia Baorui , Pu Enxiang , Qu Xuanhui , Qin Mingli
Published: October 2024

As a promising high‐thermal‐conductivity ceramics, the direct bonding of Si3N4 with metals remains challenging. Here, we employed active metal brazing of Si3N4 ceramics and Kovar alloys using AgCuTi metal filler, and found that the shear strength in the prepared Kovar/AgCuTi/Si3N4 joints depends on the competitive correlation between the interface layers. The competitive consumption for active element Ti by Kovar/AgCuTi interfacial reactions reduced AgCuTi/Si3N4 interface layer thickness and deteriorated final shear strength, even when using a high‐Ti‐content filler. Surface analysis indicated that interfacial fracture between Ag‐based solid solution and Ti5Si3 was the primary cause of failure. Density functional theory (DFT) revealed that Ag (111)/Fe2Ti (001) interface had higher ideal work of adhesion (Wad) than Ag (111)/Ti5Si3 (001) interface, confirming the importance of AgCuTi/Si3N4 interface layer. Ultimately, by adjusting interface reaction layer thickness, the joints reached a high shear strength of 154.3 MPa.
Toward a synergistic framework of investment and motivation: Bridging imagined identities and English learning of Chinese university students
Authors: Fan Hongming , Chowdhury Raqib , Fielding Ruth
Published: October 2024

Imagined identity, which opens up a variety of future possibilities for language learners, has been theorized from seemingly incompatible psychological and sociological perspectives in applied linguistics. Researchers have thus appealed for a transdisciplinary theoretical combination of these perspectives for a more nuanced understanding of language learning in context. This article makes the case for a synergistic theoretical framework of investment and motivation to theorize the idiosyncratic relationship between individuals’ imagined identity and language learning behavior. Empirical findings from a multiple‐case study conducted in Yunnan, in the south‐western corner of China, are presented to demonstrate how this framework enables a nuanced analysis of individuals’ language learning. Findings suggest that the interconnectedness of imagined identity, motivation, and investment is informed by both learner agency and contexts. This paper proposes that learners’ development of imagined identities and ways of investing in learning could be individually different, even under similar circumstances, which indicates the need for personalized teaching to improve learning outcomes. This synergistic framework thus provides implications for pedagogical practices and a need for personalized teaching.
Synergistic hardening in a dual phase high‐entropy (Hf,Nb,Ta,Ti,Zr)C–(Hf,Nb,Ta,Ti,Zr)B2 ultra‐high temperature ceramic
Authors: Hassan Rubia , Fahrenholtz William G. , Hilmas Gregory E. , Curtarolo Stefano
Published: October 2024

A dual phase high‐entropy (Hf,Nb,Ta,Ti,Zr)C–(Hf,Nb,Ta,Ti,Zr)B2 ultra‐high temperature ceramic was synthesized using a single step boro‐carbothermal reduction route. The synthesized powder was densified by spark plasma sintering at 2000°C, resulting in complete solid solution formation and a relative density of ≈99%. The dual phase ceramic was 43 vol% high‐entropy carbide and 57 vol% high‐entropy boride. The grain sizes were 0.85 ± 0.34 µm for the carbide and 0.87 ± 0.33 µm for the boride with minimal residual oxide (0.2 vol%) detected in the microstructure. The resulting composition had a higher microhardness than the individual boride and carbide ceramics across the range of testing loads with maximum hardness of 47.5 ± 4 GPa at a load of 0.49N. The high hardness is attributed to the minimum residual oxide, submicron grains, favorable carbide‐to‐boride ratio, homogeneous metal distribution within the phases, uniform microstructure, and synergistic dual phase hardening.
LINC00941 is a diagnostic biomarker for lung adenocarcinoma and promotes tumorigenesis through cell autophagy
Authors: Yang Qin , Yong Xi , Chen Xiaoli , Huang Rong , Wang Xiaolin , Xu Zhengmin , Chen Wei
Published: October 2024

Non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is a lethal malignancy. There is mounting evidence indicating that lncRNAs are crucial players with dual roles as both biomarkers and regulators across various cancers. It was reported that LINC00941 plays a cancer‐promoting role in NSCLC. However, its impact on tumour autophagy remains poorly understood. In this study, we developed a risk assessment model and identified an autophagy‐related lncRNA LINC00941, which has independent predictive and early diagnostic potential. Using RT‐qPCR analysis, we confirmed the upregulation of LINC00941 in tumour tissues and cell lines of human lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD). Functional assays, such as CCK8, colony formation and xenograft models, demonstrated the cancer‐promoting activity of LINC00941 both in vitro and in vivo. Further analysis using Western blotting analysis, mRFP‐GFP‐LC3 double fluorescence lentivirus vector and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) confirmed that the knockdown of LINC00941 triggered autophagy. These results indicate that knockdown of LINC00941 induces autophagy and impairs the proliferation of LUAD. Therefore, we propose LINC00941 as an independent biomarker for early diagnosis as well as a therapeutic target in LUAD.
Single‐cell transcriptome and chromatin accessibility mapping of upper lip and primary palate fusion
Authors: Cai Sini , Yin Ningbei
Published: October 2024

Cleft lip and/or primary palate (CL/P) represent a prevalent congenital malformation, the aetiology of which is highly intricate. Although it is generally accepted that the condition arises from failed fusion between the upper lip and primary palate, the precise mechanism underlying this fusion process remains enigmatic. In this study, we utilized transposase‐accessible chromatin sequencing (scATAC‐seq) and single‐cell RNA sequencing (scRNA‐seq) to interrogate lambdoidal junction tissue derived from C57BL/6J mouse embryos at critical stages of embryogenesis (10.5, 11.5 and 12.5 embryonic days). We successfully identified distinct subgroups of mesenchymal and ectodermal cells involved in the fusion process and characterized their unique transcriptional profiles. Furthermore, we conducted cell differentiation trajectory analysis, revealing a dynamic repertoire of genes that are sequentially activated or repressed during pseudotime, facilitating the transition of relevant cell types. Additionally, we employed scATAC data to identify key genes associated with the fusion process and demonstrated differential chromatin accessibility across major cell types. Finally, we constructed a dynamic intercellular communication network and predicted upstream transcriptional regulators of critical genes involved in important signalling pathways. Our findings provide a valuable resource for future studies on upper lip and primary palate development, as well as congenital defects.
Wide Restorative Emergence Angle Increases Marginal Bone Loss and Impairs Integrity of the Junctional Epithelium of the Implant Supracrestal Complex: A Preclinical Study
Authors: Strauss Franz J. , Park Jin‐Young , Lee Jung‐Seok , Schiavon Lucia , Smirani Rawen , Hitz Sonja , Chantler Jennifer G. M. , Mattheos Nikos , Jung Ronald , Bosshardt Dieter , Cha Jae‐Kook , Thoma Daniel
Published: October 2024

Aim

To assess the influence of the emergence angle on marginal bone loss (MBL) and supracrestal soft tissue around dental implants.

Materials and Methods

In six mongrel dogs, the mandibular premolars and molars were extracted. After 3 months of healing, four dental implants were placed in each hemimandible. The implants were randomly allocated to receive one of four customized healing abutments, each with a different value of the restorative emergence angle: 20°, 40°, 60° or 80°. Intra‐oral radiographs were taken after placing the healing abutments and at 6, 9, 16 and 24 weeks of follow‐up. Then, micro‐CT and undecalcified histology and synchrotron were performed. MBL over time was analysed with generalized estimating equations (GEEs) and adjusted for baseline soft‐tissue thickness.

Results

From implant placement to 24 weeks, GEE modelling showed that the MBL at mesial and distal sites consistently increased over time, indicating MBL in all groups (p < 0.001). The model indicated that MBL varied significantly across the different restorative angles (angle effect, p < 0.001), with 80° showing the greatest bone loss. Micro‐CT, histology and synchrotron confirmed the corresponding trends and showed that wide restorative angles (60° and 80°) impaired the integrity of the junctional epithelium of the supracrestal tissue.

Conclusions

A wide restorative angle increases MBL and impairs the integrity of the junctional epithelium of the implant supracrestal complex.
Effect of home‐based isometric training on blood pressure in older adults with high normal BP or stage I hypertension: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Pinto Diogo , Dias Nuno , Garcia Catarina , Teixeira Manuel , Marques Maria J. , Amaral Teresa , Amaral Leonor , Abreu Ricardo , Figueiredo Daniela , Polónia Jorge , Mesquita‐Bastos José , Viana João L. , Pescatello Linda S. , Ribeiro Fernando , Alves Alberto J.
Published: October 2024

Objective

This trial analyzes the effects of home‐based isometric handgrip training (IHT) and aerobic exercise training (AET) on ambulatory and office blood pressure (BP) in older adults with high normal to established hypertension.

Methods

This randomized controlled trial included 84 participants (46 women, 71.1 ± 3.6 years, systolic BP [SBP] 137.1 ± 13.8 mmHg, diastolic BP [DBP] 80.8 ± 8.3 mmHg). Participants were randomized into IHT (n = 28), AET (n = 28), or usual medical care plus lifestyle advice (UC, n = 28). Participants performed IHT or AET three times/week for 8 weeks. IHT consisted of 4 × 45 s bilateral contractions at 50% of maximum voluntary contraction with 1‐min rest between sets. AET consisted of walking 30 min at 50%–70% of estimated maximum oxygen consumption. UC received standardized medical care including lifestyle advice.

Results

Seventy‐six participants completed the intervention: 27 in IHT, 26 in AET, and 23 in UC. At baseline, BP values were similar among groups. No differences were observed in 24‐h ambulatory, daytime, and nighttime SBP and DBP in any group (p > 0.05). IHT and AET reduced office SBP (−8.0 ± 13.4 mmHg; p = 0.004; −5.6 ± 12.2 mmHg; p = 0.027, respectively). IHT reduced office DBP (−3.3 ± 7.4 mmHg; p = 0.024), but AET did not. No differences occurred in office BP in UC. There was no difference in office BP among groups (p > 0.05).

Conclusions

An 8‐week home‐based IHT and AET failed to reduce ambulatory SBP, while office SBP was reduced by 8/5 mmHg. Only IHT reduced office DBP by 3 mmHg. Thus, IHT and AET may be effective for lowering office BP in older adults with high normal to established hypertension.
Market discipline and government guarantees: Evidence from the insurance industry
Authors: Deng Yiling , Leverty J. Tyler , Wunder Kenny , Zanjani George
Published: October 2024

We identify the effect of public guarantees on market discipline by exploiting the variation in US state guarantees of property–casualty insurer obligations. We find that guaranty funds have little effect on the risk‐sensitivity of insurer financing overall, with the exception of rating changes at the key threshold level of A.M. Best's A− rating. For insurers rated A− before a downgrade, we find that premium growth in business not covered by state guarantees falls in relation to growth in business covered by state guarantees. We estimate this difference in growth to be as high as 14.9% for commercial insurers.
Microcirculatory Perfusion Disturbances During Veno‐Arterial Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation: A Systematic Review
Authors: Volleman Carolien , Raasveld S. Jorinde , Jamaludin Faridi S. , Vlaar Alexander P. J. , van den Brom Charissa E.
Published: October 2024

Veno‐arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VA‐ECMO) is used in case of potentially reversible cardiac failure and restores systemic hemodynamics. However, whether this is followed by improvement of microcirculatory perfusion is unknown. Moreover, critically ill patients have possible pre‐existing microcirculatory perfusion disturbances. Therefore, this review provides an overview of alterations in sublingual microcirculatory perfusion in critically ill adult patients receiving VA‐ECMO support. Pubmed, Embase (Ovid), Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and Web of Science were systematically searched according to PRISMA guidelines. Studies reporting sublingual microcirculatory perfusion measurements in adult patients supported by VA‐ECMO were included. Outcome parameters included small vessel density (SVD), perfused vessel density (PVD), perfused small vessel density (PSVD), proportion of perfused vessels (PPV), microvascular flow index (MFI) and the heterogeneity index (HI). The protocol was registered at PROSPERO (CRD42021243930). The search identified 1215 studies of which 11 were included. Cardiogenic shock was the most common indication for VA‐ECMO (n=8). Three studies report increased PSVD, PPV, and MFI 24 hours after initiation of ECMO compared to pre‐ECMO. Nonetheless, microcirculatory perfusion stabilized thereafter. Four out of four studies showed higher PSVD and PPV in survivors compared to non‐survivors. Over time, survivors showed recovery of microcirculatory perfusion within hours of initiation of ECMO, whereas this was absent in non‐survivors. Notwithstanding the limited sample, VA‐ECMO seems to improve microcirculatory perfusion shortly after initiation of ECMO, especially in survivors. Further research in larger cohorts is needed to clarify the longitudinal effects of ECMO on microcirculatory perfusion.
“Aging Amplifies Challenges”: A Descriptive Phenomenological Exploration of the Lived Experiences and Needs of Elderly Individuals With Schizophrenia
Authors: Zhang Linghui , Chen Yubin , Hong Yu , Zhang Jiayuan , Jiang Wenlong , Li Qi , Li Xiaoyan , Zhou Yuqiu
Published: October 2024

Older adults diagnosed with schizophrenia face unique public health challenges, with specific treatment needs, complex care demands, accelerated aging, and increased susceptibility to health issues. This phenomenological study explored the existential realities and needs of older adults diagnosed with schizophrenia. Fifteen participants, with a mean age of 69.47 (SD ± 9.47) years, ranging from 62 to 79 years old and hailing from rural regions, participated in the study. Four main themes and eight sub‐themes emerge: compounding the burden (challenges in symptom management, comorbidities); the abyss of a life filled with emptiness (loss of mental pillars, living in agony); living on the margins of society (the vicious cycle of social and self‐isolation, unattainable social welfare); and glimmer of light in the darkness (support systems, self‐adjustment). The study calls for healthcare professionals to improve follow‐up care efficiency, strengthen engagement, understand patients' living conditions and needs, enforce existing welfare policies for older mentally ill patients, and enhance their mental health and quality of life.
A review on drug repurposing applicable to obesity
Authors: Chen Feng , Jing Kai , Zhang Zhen , Liu Xia
Published: October 2024

Obesity is a major public health concern and burden on individuals and healthcare systems. Due to the challenges and limitations of lifestyle adjustments, it is advisable to consider pharmacological treatment for people affected by obesity. However, the side effects and limited efficacy of available drugs make the obesity drug market far from sufficient. Drug repurposing involves identifying new applications for existing drugs and offers some advantages over traditional drug development approaches including lower costs and shorter development timelines. This review aims to provide an overview of drug repurposing for anti‐obesity medications, including the rationale for repurposing, the challenges and approaches, and the potential drugs that are being investigated for repurposing. Through advanced computational techniques, researchers can unlock the potential of repurposed drugs to tackle the global obesity epidemic. Further research, clinical trials, and collaborative efforts are essential to fully explore and leverage the potential of drug repurposing in the fight against obesity.
Productive Poplar Genotypes Exhibited Temporally Stable Low Stem Embolism Resistance and Hydraulic Resistance Segmentation at the Stem–Leaf Transition
Authors: Zhao Han , Huang Xin , Ma Bolong , Jiang Bo , Jiang Zaimin , Cai Jing
Published: October 2024

Breeding tree genotypes that are both productive and drought‐resistant is a primary goal in forestry. However, the relationships between plant hydraulics and yield at the genotype level, and their temporal stabilities, remain unclear. We selected six poplar genotypes from I‐101 (Populus alba) × 84 K (P. alba × Popolus tremula var. glandulosa) for experiments in the first and fourth years after planting in a common garden. Measurements included stem embolism resistance, shoot hydraulic resistance and its partitioning between stems and leaves, vessel‐ and pit‐level anatomy, leaf carbon acquisition capacity, carbon allocation to leaves, and aboveground biomass (yield proxy). Significant genetic variations in hydraulic properties and yield were found among genotypes in both years. Productive genotypes had wide vessels, large thin pit membranes, small pit apertures, and shallow pit chambers. Hydraulic resistance was negatively correlated with yield, enabling high stomatal conductance and assimilation rates. Productive genotypes allocated less aboveground carbon and hydraulic resistance to leaves. Temporally stable trade‐offs between stem embolism resistance and yield, and between hydraulic segmentation and yield, were identified. These findings highlight the tight link between hydraulic function and yield and suggest that stable trade‐offs may challenge breeding poplar genotypes that are both productive and drought‐resistant.