bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Irrigation Savings from Smart Irrigation Technologies and a Smartphone App on Turfgrass
Authors: Cardenas Bernardo , Migliaccio Kati W. , Dukes Michael D. , Hahus Ian , Kruse Jason K.
Published: October 2020

Highlights

All tested smart irrigation technologies regulated irrigation based on real-time soil moisture and weather conditions.

Treatments based on SMS, ET, or smartphone app applied less water than the comparison treatment by 51% to 63%, 28% to 66%, and 51% to 63%, respectively.

The payback period for the different technologies ranged between 0 and 12 months.

Abstract. A plot study comparing a variety of irrigation scheduling technologies was conducted in Gainesville, Florida, from 2015 to 2017. Our study objectives were to: (1) compare the ability of different irrigation scheduling technologies to bypass scheduled irrigation cycles and/or decrease water application; and (2) compare water savings. Twelve irrigation scheduling treatments were investigated, with each replicated three or four times. Treatments included time-based schedules without sensor feedback (WOS), with a rain sensor, deficit irrigation with a rain sensor, and non-irrigated. Also included were three soil moisture sensor (SMS) based treatments, three weather or ET-based treatments (ET), and two smartphone app-based treatments. Significant differences in turfgrass quality among all treatments (including non-irrigated) were not observed during the testing periods, which tended to be wetter than normal. Compared to WOS, the SMS, ET, and smartphone app treatments achieved water savings of 51% to 63%, 28% to 66%, and 51% to 63%, respectively, depending on treatment specifics. Inclusion of additional practices, such as a split irrigation strategy (half in the morning and half in the evening) and seasonal deficit irrigation, were shown to be advantageous in an area where rainfall is frequent and a substantial contributor to plant water needs. The SMS treatments saved water by bypassing scheduled irrigation cycles, the ET controllers saved water mainly through lower application depths, while the app-based treatments saved water through a combination of bypassing and applying lower irrigation depths. The payback period for the evaluated scheduling technologies ranged between 0 and 12 months. Financial and practical considerations should be included when recommending or acquiring one of these irrigation scheduling technologies. Keywords: Evapotranspiration controllers, Smart irrigation controllers, Smartphone apps, Soil moisture sensors.
Design and Testing of a Punching-on-Film Precision Hole Seeder for Peanuts
Authors: Kang Jianming , Peng Qiangji , Zhang Chunyan , Zhang Ningning , Fang Huimin
Published: October 2020

Highlights

The designed precision seeder meets the agronomic requirements for on-film hole seeding.

Influencing factors were found by studying the operating principle and key parameters.

A response model was successfully built and verified by experiments.

This study provides technical support for punching-on-film hole seeding technology.

Abstract. To satisfy the agronomic requirements for punching-on-film precision seeding of peanuts, a precision hole seeder was designed in this study. The seeder can perform simultaneous functions of film mulching, film punching, pipe laying, precision hole seeding, and seed covering. The overall structure and operating principle of the device were analyzed, and its major components, including a seed-metering device, soil-covering roller, and drip irrigation pipes, were theoretically studied. To optimize the operating parameters and achieve favorable performance, a three-factor quadratic orthogonal test was performed to test the effects of the vacuum chamber pressure, advancing speed of the seeder, and height of the type hole boss on the seeding performance; the variance and range of the test results were analyzed accordingly. Through the field experiments, when the vacuum chamber pressure, advancing speed of the seeder, and height of the type hole boss were optimized to 7.5 kPa, 4.2 km h-1, 5.3 mm, respectively, the qualification index, re-seeding index, and miss-seeding index of the seeder were 92.7%, 3.8%, and 3.5%, respectively. Thus, the developed seeder satisfies the agronomic requirements, and the study results provide a technical reference for the punching-on-film precision seeding of peanuts. Keywords: Model, Peanut, Precision seeding of peanut, Punching-on-film hole, Seeder.
Epistemic Matrices In The Construction Of Knowledge On Learning in Organizations
Authors: Durante Daniela Giareta , Coelho Antonio Carlos
Published: October 2020

Our critical epistemic review examines how researchers deal with the creation of knowledge regarding learning in organizations from the standpoint of cognitive interests. We adopted the epistemic matrices’ analytical model elaborated by Paes de Paula (2016), who handles the creation of knowledge based on cognitive interests and epistemic reconstruction, as an alternative to the paradigms of Burrel and Morgan (1979). The object of analysis were dissertations defended in Brazilian stricto sensu graduate programs in Administration. The identification of cognitive interests in the dissertations was based on sociological approaches classified by the circle of epistemic matrices, which encompasses pure sociological approaches and sets of overlapping closed curves, forming hybrid sociological approaches. The latent and clear content of sociological approaches were collected and analyzed using the qualitative data analysis software Atlas.ti 7. We conclude that the technical and practical interests guide the creation of knowledge regarding learning in organizations – putting aside the emancipatory interest in our discussions. We also conclude that, in order to make contributions for the advancement of knowledge, our study must go beyond the aggregation of cognitive interests; it is necessary to investigate the postulates of sociological approaches to which the interests are connected.
Thermally induced bias error due to strain inhomogeneity through the fiber optic gyroscope coil
Authors: Osunluk Berk , Ogut Serdar , Ozbay Ekmel
Published: October 2020

One of the performance limits of a navigation grade fiber optic gyroscope is the bias error due to the thermal sensitivity of the fiber coil. Thermal stress inside the fiber coil is an important source of the bias error. The reduction of the total stress inside the fiber coil can be limited. In this paper, it is shown that further improvement can be achieved by controlling the strain inhomogeneity through the fiber coil. A validated simulation environment is presented for strain distribution analysis. Thermally induced bias error formation mechanisms are compared. The effect of the strain inhomogeneity is reduced by presenting a different coil cross section and spool material. Experiments utilizing a coil design with better performance are presented for the verification of the approach.
Generalized matrix transformation formalism for reflection and transmission of complex optical waves at a plane dielectric interface
Authors: Debnath Anirban , Viswanathan Nirmal K.
Published: October 2020

We describe a generalized formalism, addressing the fundamental problem of reflection and transmission of complex optical waves at a plane dielectric interface. Our formalism involves the application of generalized operator matrices to the incident constituent plane-wave fields to obtain the reflected and transmitted fields. This formalism, though physically equivalent to Fresnel formalism, has greater mathematical elegance and computational efficiency as compared to the latter. We utilize exact 3D electric-field expressions, which enable us to seamlessly analyze waves of miscellaneous wavefront shapes and properties using the single formalism, along with appropriately retaining the geometric phase and wavefront curvature information. We demonstrate our formalism by obtaining and analyzing the reflected and transmitted fields in a simulated Gaussian beam model.
Systematic analysis of frequency dependent differential photoacoustic cross-section data for source size estimation
Authors: Kaushik Anuj , Paul Avijit , Saha Ratan K.
Published: October 2020

A frequency dependent differential photoacoustic cross-section (DPACS) over a large frequency band (100–1000 MHz) was computed, and subsequently, morphological parameters of a photoacoustic (PA) source were quantified. The Green’s function approach was utilized for calculating the DPACS for spheroidal droplets with varying aspect ratios, Chebyshev particles with different waviness and deformation parameters, and normal red blood cells and cells affected by hereditary disorders (e.g., spherocytosis, elliptocytosis, and stomatocytosis). The theoretical framework considers that PA waves propagate through an acoustically dispersive and absorbing medium and are detected by a planar detector of finite size. The frequency dependent DPACS profile was fitted with tri-axial ellipsoid, finite cylinder, and toroid form factor models to obtain size and shape information of the PA source. The tri-axial ellipsoid form factor model was found to provide better estimates of the shape parameters compared to other models for a variety of sources. The inverse problem framework may motivate developing PA-based technology to assess single-cell morphology.
Phase matching in two-dimensional coherent Raman imaging
Authors: Steinmetz S. A. , Kliewer C. J.
Published: October 2020

Coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS) is a valuable spectroscopic tool for the measurement of temperature and species concentration. In recent years, multi-dimensional CARS has seen focused development and is especially important in reacting flows. An important aspect of multi-dimensional CARS is the phase-matching scheme used. Historically, collinear and BOXCARS phase-matching schemes have been used to achieve phase matching over a broad spectral range. For 1-D and 2-D CARS imaging, two-beam or counter-propagating beam arrangements are necessary. The two-beam arrangement offers many advantages, but introduces a phase mismatch which limits the spectral response of the measurement. This work explores the tradeoffs in spatial resolution, spectral bandwidth, and CARS intensity in 2-D CARS arrangements. Calculations are made for two-beam and counter-propagating beam CARS.
Adaptive optics via pupil ring segmentation improves spherical aberration correction for two-photon imaging of optically cleared tissues
Authors: Gao Yufeng , Liu Lina , Yin Yixuan , Liao Jiuling , Yu Jia , Wu Ting , Ye Shiwei , Li Hui , Zheng Wei
Published: October 2020

Optical clearing methods reduce the optical scattering of biological samples and thereby extend optical imaging penetration depth. However, refractive index mismatch between the immersion media of objectives and clearing reagents induces spherical aberration (SA), causing significant degradation of fluorescence intensity and spatial resolution. We present an adaptive optics method based on pupil ring segmentation to correct SA in optically cleared samples. Our method demonstrates superior SA correction over a modal-based adaptive optics method and restores the fluorescence intensity and resolution at high imaging depth. Moreover, the method can derive an SA correction map for the whole imaging volume based on three representative measurements. It facilitates SA correction during image acquisition without intermittent SA measurements. We applied this method in mouse brain tissues treated with different optical clearing methods. The results illustrate that the synaptic structures of neurons within 900 μm depth can be clearly resolved after SA correction.
Annular sector elemental image array generation method for tabletop integral imaging 3D display with smooth motion parallax
Authors: Xing Yan , Xia Yun-Peng , Li Shuang , Ren Hui , Wang Qiong-Hua
Published: October 2020

One of the important features of tabletop 3D displays is the annular viewing area above the display system. In this paper, we propose an annular sector elemental image array (ASEIA) generation method for the tabletop integral imaging 3D display to form the annular viewing zone with smooth motion parallax. The effective pixels of the elemental images are distributed as annular sector, and they are mapped from the perspective images captured by the ring-shaped camera array. Correspondingly, the viewing sub-zones can be formed with an annular sector configuration and can be seamlessly stitched by using the time division scheme. Compared with the previous approach with rectangular elemental image array (EIA) distribution, the number of viewing sub-zones is decreased from 360 to 10 for the same effect of smooth motion parallax. Meanwhile, rendering efficiency is improved. The experimental results show that the proposed method is feasible to produce 360-degree continuous viewpoints in an annular viewing zone.
Wir haben uns für einen anderen Kandidaten entschieden. – Zu den Argumentationsmustern in den deutschen Absageschreiben auf Bewerbungen
Authors: Szczęk Joanna
Published: October 2020

The subject of this analysis are German job application refusal letters, in which a number of structural elements can be distinguished. One of them is argumentation or justification. This text studies logical argumentation strategies and its objective is to create a typology of justifications in job application refusal letters.
Prognostics and Health Management to Improve Resilient Manufacturing
Authors: Brundage Michael P. , Weiss Brian A.
Published: October 2020

Manufacturers need to be resilient to effectively mitigate substantial disruptions to manufacturing operations so they may remain competitive. Disruptions resulting from the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) global pandemic have caused manufacturers to experience new challenges, including (1) working with reduced in-person operations, (2) retasking workers into new roles, and (3) reconfiguring their equipment and processes to yield completely new product lines. Improved monitoring, diagnostic, and prognostic technologies and methods (collectively known as prognostics and health management [PHM]) can help address these challenges and potential future disruptions.
Suppression of DNA Double-Strand Break Formation by DNA Polymerase β in Active DNA Demethylation Is Required for Development of Hippocampal Pyramidal Neurons
Authors: Uyeda Akiko , Onishi Kohei , Hirayama Teruyoshi , Hattori Satoko , Miyakawa Tsuyoshi , Yagi Takeshi , Yamamoto Nobuhiko , Sugo Noriyuki
Published: October 2020

Genome stability is essential for brain development and function, asde novomutations during neuronal development cause psychiatric disorders. However, the contribution of DNA repair to genome stability in neurons remains elusive. Here, we demonstrate that the base excision repair protein DNA polymerase β (Polβ) is involved in hippocampal pyramidal neuron differentiation via a TET-mediated active DNA demethylation during early postnatal stages usingNex-Cre/Polβfl/flmice of either sex, in which forebrain postmitotic excitatory neurons lack Polβ expression. Polβ deficiency induced extensive DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) in hippocampal pyramidal neurons, but not dentate gyrus granule cells, and to a lesser extent in neocortical neurons, during a period in which decreased levels of 5-methylcytosine and 5-hydroxymethylcytosine were observed in genomic DNA. Inhibition of the hydroxylation of 5-methylcytosine by expression of microRNAs miR-29a/b-1 diminished DSB formation. Conversely, its induction by TET1 catalytic domain overexpression increased DSBs in neocortical neurons. Furthermore, the damaged hippocampal neurons exhibited aberrant neuronal gene expression profiles and dendrite formation, but not apoptosis. Comprehensive behavioral analyses revealed impaired spatial reference memory and contextual fear memory in adulthood. Thus, Polβ maintains genome stability in the active DNA demethylation that occurs during early postnatal neuronal development, thereby contributing to differentiation and subsequent learning and memory.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTIncreasing evidence suggests thatde novomutations during neuronal development cause psychiatric disorders. However, strikingly little is known about how DNA repair is involved in neuronal differentiation. We found that Polβ, a component of base excision repair, is required for differentiation of hippocampal pyramidal neurons in mice. Polβ deficiency transiently led to increased DNA double-strand breaks, but not apoptosis, in early postnatal hippocampal pyramidal neurons. This aberrant double-strand break formation was attributed to active DNA demethylation as an epigenetic regulation. Furthermore, the damaged neurons exhibited aberrant gene expression profiles and dendrite formation, resulting in impaired learning and memory in adulthood. Thus, these findings provide new insight into the contribution of DNA repair to the neuronal genome in early brain development.
Structure of Population Activity in Primary Motor Cortex for Single Finger Flexion and Extension
Authors: Arbuckle Spencer A. , Weiler Jeff , Kirk Eric A. , Rice Charles L. , Schieber Marc , Pruszynski J. Andrew , Ejaz Naveed , Diedrichsen Jörn
Published: October 2020

How is the primary motor cortex (M1) organized to control fine finger movements? We investigated the population activity in M1 for single finger flexion and extension, using 7T functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) in female and male human participants and compared these results to the neural spiking patterns recorded in two male monkeys performing the identical task. fMRI activity patterns were distinct for movements of different fingers, but were quite similar for flexion and extension of the same finger. In contrast, spiking patterns in monkeys were quite distinct for both fingers and directions, which is similar to what was found for muscular activity patterns. The discrepancy between fMRI and electrophysiological measurements can be explained by two (non-mutually exclusive) characteristics of the organization of finger flexion and extension movements. Given that fMRI reflects predominantly input and recurrent activity, the results can be explained by an architecture in which neural populations that control flexion or extension of the same finger produce distinct outputs, but interact tightly with each other and receive similar inputs. Additionally, neurons tuned to different movement directions for the same finger (or combination of fingers) may cluster closely together, while neurons that control different finger combinations may be more spatially separated. When measuring this organization with fMRI at a coarse spatial scale, the activity patterns for flexion and extension of the same finger would appear very similar. Overall, we suggest that the discrepancy between fMRI and electrophysiological measurements provides new insights into the general organization of fine finger movements in M1.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTThe primary motor cortex (M1) is important for producing individuated finger movements. Recent evidence shows that movements that commonly co-occur are associated with more similar activity patterns in M1. Flexion and extension of the same finger, which never co-occur, should therefore be associated with distinct representations. However, using carefully controlled experiments and multivariate analyses, we demonstrate that human fMRI activity patterns for flexion or extension of the same finger are highly similar. In contrast, spiking patterns measured in monkey M1 are clearly distinct. This suggests that populations controlling opposite movements of the same finger, while producing distinct outputs, may cluster together and share inputs and local processing. These results provide testable hypotheses about the organization of hand control in M1.
Entraining Stepping Movements of Parkinson's Patients to Alternating Subthalamic Nucleus Deep Brain Stimulation
Authors: Fischer Petra , He Shenghong , de Roquemaurel Alexis , Akram Harith , Foltynie Thomas , Limousin Patricia , Zrinzo Ludvic , Hyam Jonathan , Cagnan Hayriye , Brown Peter , Tan Huiling
Published: October 2020

Patients with advanced Parkinson's can be treated by deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the subthalamic nucleus (STN). This affords a unique opportunity to record from this nucleus and stimulate it in a controlled manner. Previous work has shown that activity in the STN is modulated in a rhythmic pattern when Parkinson's patients perform stepping movements, raising the question whether the STN is involved in the dynamic control of stepping. To answer this question, we tested whether an alternating stimulation pattern resembling the stepping-related modulation of activity in the STN could entrain patients' stepping movements as evidence of the STN's involvement in stepping control. Group analyses of 10 Parkinson's patients (one female) showed that alternating stimulation significantly entrained stepping rhythms. We found a remarkably consistent alignment between the stepping and stimulation cycle when the stimulation speed was close to the stepping speed in the five patients that demonstrated significant individual entrainment to the stimulation cycle. Our study suggests that the STN is causally involved in dynamic control of step timing and motivates further exploration of this biomimetic stimulation pattern as a potential basis for the development of DBS strategies to ameliorate gait impairments.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTWe tested whether the subthalamic nucleus (STN) in humans is causally involved in controlling stepping movements. To this end, we studied patients with Parkinson's disease who have undergone therapeutic deep brain stimulation (DBS), as in these individuals we can stimulate the STNs in a controlled manner. We developed an alternating pattern of stimulation that mimics the pattern of activity modulation recorded in this nucleus during stepping. The alternating DBS (altDBS) could entrain patients' stepping rhythm, suggesting a causal role of the STN in dynamic gait control. This type of stimulation may potentially form the basis for improved DBS strategies for gait.
Demografía y sostenibilidad del sistema público de pensiones
Authors: Vázquez Taín Miguel Ángel
Published: October 2020

Los sistemas públicos de pensiones constituyen uno de los pilares básicos sobre los que se asienta el estado del bienestar del que se han dotado los países desarrollados. La evolución reciente de sus estados financieros ha puesto en cuestión su sostenibilidad en las condiciones actuales y ha abierto el debate sobre las reformas necesarias para poderla garantizar. En todo caso, los factores demográficos que condicionan el gasto en pensiones tienen una dinámica difícil de alterar, por lo que resulta de interés analizar su incidencia sobre el gasto tanto desde una perspectiva histórica como de proyección futura. En este sentido, la diferente realidad demográfica de Galicia respecto del conjunto del Estado permite profundizar en este análisis, centrándonos además en los parámetros relacionados con el envejecimiento con el fin de valorar adecuadamente su incidencia sobre la sostenibilidad del sistema, pretensión última de este trabajo.
СУТНІСТЬ ТА РОЗВИТОК ДОКТРИНИ ІСЛАМСЬКИХ ФІНАНСІВ (закінчення)
Authors: МОЗГОВИЙ Олег , СУБОЧЕВ Олексій , ЮРКЕВИЧ Оксана
Published: October 2020

У статті визначено основні моделі індустрії ісламських фінансів та надано критичну (порівняно з традиційними фінансами) оцінку механізму їх функціонування. Незважаючи на наявність очевидних позитивних сторін, таких як обмеженість спекулятивних операцій або ризикових видів сек’юритизації, націленість на фінансування реального сектору економіки та заохочення прямих взаємозв’язків між фінансовим і виробничим секторами, механізм функціонування ісламської економіки в деяких аспектах суперечить ряду фундаментальних принципів реалізації ефективної економічної діяльності.Об’єктивні демографічні, політичні та економічні фактори зумовлюють зростання ролі та впливу індустрії ісламських фінансів на регіональні фінансові ринки зокрема і на міжнародні фінанси в цілому, визначають актуальність подальших досліджень у цьому напрямі.Сьогодні ісламські фінанси охопили такі комерційні сфери: ринок капіталів, управління активами, страхування. Вони представлені в усіх сегментах сучасного фінансового ринку – в комерційному банкінгу, операціях з акціонерним і венчурним капіталами, фінансуванні торгівлі, страхуванні і навіть у хеджуванні фінансових ризиків.Лише незначна частина фінансових відносин мусульман реалізується згідно з ісламським правом. За умов упровадження зручних, ліквідних і стандартизованих фінансових інструментів, подальшого вдосконалення регулювання фінансових ринків можна очікувати перерозподіл ресурсів на користь ісламських фінансових ринків, а також швидкого зростання їх частки в міжнародних фінансах.
Peculiarities of the genus Clematis L. plants water regime
Authors:   Institute of Plant Physiology and Genetics, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine 31/17 Vasylkivska St., Kyiv, 03022, Ukraine, Kovalyshyn I.B.
Published: October 2020

Clematis is a medicinal plant and a promising culture for introduction into urbophytocenoses. In order to ensure optimal growing conditions, it is necessary to take into account the ecological needs of plants, a key place among which is water supply. The experiments were carried out with cultivars and species of the genus Clematis: Clematis alpina ‘Pamela Jackman’, C. macropetala ‘Maidwell Hall’, C. integrifolia ‘Aljonushka’, C. ispahanica ‘Zvezdograd’, C. fargesii ‘Paul Farges’, C. taxensis ‘Princess Diana’, C. tibetana, C. viticella and C. heracleifolia. Ecological peculiarities of studied plants cause differences in the anatomical tissues structure and dynamic of physiological processes. The lowest content of dry matter in the leaves was found in C. alpina ‘Pamela Jackman’ (16,3 %) and C. macropetala ‘Maidwell Hall’ (18,3), indicating their potentially lowest drought resistance. The highest value of this index was identified in C. heracleifolia (27.5 %) and C. integrifolia ‘Aljonushka’ (23.4 %), that characterizes them as the most drought resistant among studied plants. A function describing the process of cutted leaves wilting at the temperature +60 °C was defined: f(x) = y0 + ae–bx. A significant correlation was found between the parameter y0 and the dry mass (0.99), water content (0.86) in the leaves and their weight before drying (0.91); the parameter a and the mass index of leaves before wilting (0.99), the water content (1.00) and dry matter (0.83), as well as the density (0.86) and the area of stomatas (0.81) on the adaxial surface of leaves. Parameter b correlated with the values of dry mass (—0.75), its fraction in the total leaf mass (—0.84), the water fraction (0.83) and the width of spongy mesophyll cells (0.76). The peculiarities of anatomical structure and dynamic of leaves water loss process among investigated plants indicate the difference in their potential drought resistance. Obtained results allow to choose the optimal conditions for growing of investigated plants of the genus Clematis and planning additional care measures.
FEATURES OF SECTIONING THE TURNS OF THE TRANSFORMING ELEMENT OF THE TRANSFORMER-KEY ACTUATING STRUCTURE IN THE BOOST CHANNEL OF THE DC POWER SYSTEM
Authors:   Institute of Electrodynamics of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, pr. Peremohy, 56, Kyiv, 03057, Ukraine, Lypkivskyi K.O. , Mozharovskyi A.G. ,   Institute of Electrodynamics of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, pr. Peremohy, 56, Kyiv, 03057, Ukraine
Published: October 2020

One of the effective ways to ensure the normalized operation of the electricity consumer with an unstable primary power source is the organization of the corresponding voltage supply channel. In a system with a direct current source, the voltage supply is implemented by introducing a rectifier semiconductor bridge in series with the load, into the diagonal of which AC energy is supplied, the voltage level of which is purposefully changed by a corresponding converter with a transformer- and-switches executive structure (TSES). To achieve high efficiency of the use of key elements of TSVS, it is proposed to assign the functions of rectification and voltage regulation to a specific class of TSES – a multilevel rectifier consisting of a transformer and a finite set of parallel connected pairs of serially connected thyristors, the common points of which are connected to the corresponding taps of the sectioned secondary turns of the transformer. By discrete-time control of thyristors, it is necessary to regulate voltage levels, it is attached. The linearity of the scale of these levels is ensured by the proposed transformer sectioning law. This power supply system is characterized by small energy losses in semiconductor elements (only two thyristors work at a time), and the a priori impossibility of emergency situations during transitions from one level to another. References 14, figures 3, tables 3.
Preoperative Blood Transfusions and Morbidity in Neonates Undergoing Surgery
Authors: Dukleska Katerina , Vinocur Charles D. , Brenn B. Randall , Lim Doyle J. , Keith Scott W. , Dirnberger Daniel R. , Berman Loren
Published: October 2020

BACKGROUND:

Blood transfusions in the neonatal patient population are common, but there are no established guidelines regarding transfusion thresholds. Little is known about postoperative outcomes in neonates who receive preoperative blood transfusions (PBTs).

METHODS:

Using the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program–Pediatric Participant Use Data Files from 2012 to 2015, we identified all neonates who underwent surgery. Mortality and composite morbidity (defined as any postoperative complication) in neonates who received a PBT within 48 hours of surgery were compared with that in neonates who did not receive a transfusion.

RESULTS:

A total of 12 184 neonates were identified, of whom 1209 (9.9%) received a PBT. Neonates who received a PBT had higher rates of preoperative comorbidities and worse postoperative outcomes when compared with those who did not receive a transfusion (composite morbidity: 46.2% vs 16.2%; P < .01). On multivariable regression analysis, PBTs were independently associated with increased 30-day morbidity (odds ratio [OR] = 1.90; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.63–2.22; P < .01) and mortality (OR = 1.98; 95% CI: 1.55–2.55; P < .01). In a propensity score–matched analysis, PBTs continued to be associated with increased 30-day morbidity (OR = 1.53; 95% CI: 1.29–1.81; P < .01) and mortality (OR = 1.58; 95% CI: 1.24–2.01; P = .01).

CONCLUSIONS:

In a propensity score–matched model, PBTs are independently associated with increased morbidity and mortality in neonates who undergo surgery. Prospective data are needed to better understand the potential effects of a red blood cell transfusion in this patient population.
Guidelines on Deferred Cord Clamping and Cord Milking: A Systematic Review
Authors: Liyanage Sugee Korale , Ninan Kiran , McDonald Sarah D.
Published: October 2020

CONTEXT:

Deferred cord clamping (DCC) saves lives. It reduces extremely preterm infants’ mortality by 30%, yet a minority of eligible infants receive it. This may in part be due to lack of awareness or confidence in evidence, or conflicting or vague guidelines.

OBJECTIVE:

To systematically review clinical practice guidelines and other statements on DCC and cord milking.

DATA SOURCES:

Ten academic and guideline databases were searched.

STUDY SELECTION:

Clinical practice guidelines and other statements (position statements and consensus statements) providing at least 1 recommendation on DCC or umbilical cord milking among preterm or term infants were included.

DATA EXTRACTION:

Data from included statements were extracted by 2 independent reviewers, and discrepancies were resolved through consensus. Guideline quality was appraised with modified Appraisal of Guidelines for Research and Evaluation II and Appraisal of Guidelines for Research and Evaluation Recommendation Excellence tools.

RESULTS:

Forty-four statements from 35 organizations were included. All endorsed DCC for uncompromised preterm infants, and 11 cautiously stated that cord milking may be considered when DCC is infeasible. Only half (49%) of the recommendations on the optimal duration of DCC were supported by high-quality evidence. Only 8% of statements cited a mortality benefit of DCC for preterm infants.

LIMITATIONS:

Because systematic reviews of guidelines are relatively novel, there are few tools to inform study execution; however, we used the Appraisal of Guidelines for Research and Evaluation II and the Appraisal of Guidelines for Research and Evaluation Recommendation Excellence to assess quality and were methodologically informed by previous systematic reviews of guidelines.

CONCLUSIONS:

Statements worldwide clearly encouraged DCC. Their implementability would benefit from noting the preterm mortality benefit of DCC and more granularity.
Educação emocional: intervenção em uma escola de Ensino Médio em Pernambuco
Authors: Arantes Mariana Marques , Ferreira Aurino Lima , Cordeiro Eugênia Paula , Campos Carla de Paula
Published: October 2020

Este artigo apresenta os resultados de uma pesquisa voltada para o cultivo das emoções na educação, com o envolvimento de duas pesquisadoras, quatro professoras copesquisadoras e 139 estudantes do primeiro ano do ensino médio de uma escola estadual de referência da Região Metropolitana do Recife, Pernambuco. Adotamos uma abordagem qualitativa, exploratória e propositiva por meio de uma pesquisa-ação. As análises foram realizadas de forma interpretativa com o suporte do software Iramuteq. A intervenção indicou a importância de: manter uma escuta sensível quanto às vivências dos participantes; perceber os docentes como copesquisadores, entendendo que os fundamentos teóricos integrados à experiência prática deles geram conhecimento e que se devem respeitar as singularidades de cada docente. O desenvolvimento de habilidades como autoconhecimento e autogestão estimulou a compreensão mútua, promovendo a empatia entre os participantes (docentes-discentes e discentes entre si), e contribuiu para a regulação da impulsividade, proporcionando relações mais humanizadas no ambiente escolar em foco e na vida em sociedade.
Saúde rural em tempos de pandemia da covid-19
Authors: Neves da Silva Bruno , Galvão Pinto Erika Simone
Published: October 2020

O contexto rural é um cenário marcado por especificidades próprias, inerentes aos modos de viver e de produzir de seus povos. Historicamente, são cenários marcados por embates populares, disparidades sociais e iniquidades em saúde. A população que re(existe) nessas localidades enfrenta, cotidianamente, vulnerabilidades individuais, sociais e programáticas. Na atual emergência de saúde pública ocasionada pelo SARS-CoV-2, causador da COVID-19, doença viral aguda com alto poder de disseminação e com repercussão em diversas realidades globais, deparamo-nos com a seguinte inquietação: os sistemas de saúde, que em muitas realidades já enfrentam um colapso sistemático, conseguirão absorver as demandas de saúde de populações rurais e remotas provocadas pela COVID-19?
Synthesis of Polymer Brushes by Surface-Initiated Controlled/Living Free Radical Polymerization Techniques
Authors: HÜKÜM ÖZKAN Kübra , MUTLUTÜRK Esma , DEMİR ÇALIŞKAN Tugba , ÇAYKARA Tuncer
Published: October 2020

The surface modifications are necessary to alter the inherent surface physical/chemical properties of materials in terms of adhesion, wettability, friction, biocompatibility etc. for using in textile, electronic and biomedical industries. Surface modifications are usually made by grafting of polymer brushes to the solid substrates. The grafting process allows controlling and manipulation of surface properties without changing the chemical structure of polymers. Besides their chemical structures, grafting density of polymer brushes and average distance between the polymer chains attached to the surface are also important parameters, affecting the intended use of the grafted materials. Synthesis of functional polymer brushes is generally carried out by one of surface-initiated controlled/living free radical polymerization techniques, namely Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization (ATRP), Nitroxide-Mediated Polymerization (NMP), Photoiniferter-Mediated Polymerization (PIMP) and Reversible Addition-Fragmentation Chain Transfer Polymerization (RAFT). This review reports the strategies of these techniques for generating polymer brushes and summarizes the application of polymer brushes in multiple fields.
Caitlin Doughty, From Here to Eternity: Traveling the World to Find the Good Death
Authors: Esterson Rebecca K.
Published: October 2020

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Physicochemical quality of araçaúna and grumixama at different ripening stages
Authors: Barros Bruna Lara Alvarenga , Zucoloto Moises , Moreira Sarah Ola , Godinho Tiago de Oliveira , Buffon Stanley Bravo , Morais Andreia Lopes de
Published: October 2020

Abstract The physicochemical characteristics of fruits of species native to the Atlantic Forest are little known, especially during ripening. The aim of this work was to evaluate the effect of the interaction between ripening period and post-harvest storage of araçaúna and grumixama. Fruits were harvested at three ripening stages: green, partially ripe and ripe, according to the epicarp color, and separated into two groups, being stored for 2 and 48 hours. The following variables were evaluated: longitudinal (LD) and cross-sectional (CD) diameter, LD / CD ratio, fresh fruit mass (FM), pulp yield (PY), pH, soluble solids content (SS), titratable acidity (TA), SS / TA ratio, and ascorbic acid content (AA). Araçaúna fruits stand out due to their high PY (74.43%), with low SS (2.07 ºBrix) and high TA (1.17% citric acid). However, harvesting fully ripe fruits increases SS by 21% and reduces TA by 32.5%. Grumixama fruits are slightly sweet (6.06 ºBrix), with low acidity (0.39% citric acid), high vitamin C content (206.94 mg of ascorbic acid/100g of pulp), and harvest must be performed when fruits are fully ripe. Both species have pulp of potential quality to be commercially exploited, especially for processing.
Alterações Climáticas, Incremento dos Desastres e Necessidades Preventivas
Authors: Catanho Pedro Ananias Gomes , Silva Emerson Mariano da , Gomes Davi Teixeira , Alves José Maria Brabo
Published: October 2020

Resumo Desastres naturais ocorrem desde os primordios, datando desde o surgimento do homem no planeta Terra, a cerca de 350 mil anos atrás. Estes tem modificado ecossistemas de forma a impactar aos mais variados tratos populacionais, qualidade de vida e outras atividades humanas. Desastres registrados no Brasil têm proporcionado significativas perdas, especialmente em áreas e regiões que concentram populações mais pobres e vulneráveis. Como hipótese, acreditamos que seja pertinente disseminação de informação sobre medidas prevenção e mitigação, específicas para cada vulnerabilidade identificada. A inserção de conhecimentos sobre gestão integrada de risco de desastres nas instituições de ensino superior apresenta-se como uma opção efetiva para a divulgação da cultura prevencionista e o fortalecimento de comunidades mais resilientes. Como objetivo geral buscar-se-á averiguar quais os fenômenos físicos naturais desencadeadores de desastres tem contribuído para retardar o desenvolvimento social e econômico. Tendo em vista que o estudo dos desastres é incipiente no país, optou-se por uma pesquisa exploratória e cujo sentido, teve o objetivo de nos proporcionar maior amplitude com o problema da pesquisa em epígrafe. No mundo contemporâneo é imprescindível que os gestores invistam em gestão de riscos e vulnerabilidades. Como sugestão, acredito que possamos levar este tema aos cursos de graduação, pós-graduação estrito e lato senso, para que todos tenham entendimento do assunto e possam disseminar de forma técnica científica as medidas estratégicas para mitigar os efeitos destrutivos dos fenômenos físicos naturais desencadeadores de desastres.
Quando as Práticas da Formação Inicial se Aproximam na e pela Pesquisa do Contexto de Trabalho dos Futuros Professores
Authors: Paniago Rosenilde Nogueira , Nunes Patrícia Gouvêa , Cunha Fátima Suely Ribeiro , Sales Paulo Alberto da Silva , Souza Calixto Junior de
Published: October 2020

Resumo Neste artigo apresentam-se os resultados de uma pesquisa-ação realizada com estudantes das Licenciaturas em Química e Ciências Biológicas do Instituto Federal Goiano, cujo objetivo foi analisar como a pesquisa no processo formativo de professores possibilita a aproximação dos futuros professores da escola de educação básica. Como procedimentos, os Licenciandos foram orientados na elaboração e desenvolvimento de projetos de pesquisa, abordando temas relacionados à sua área de formação em escolas de educação básica. O presente texto foi construído a partir de nossas próprias narrativas como formadores e das narrativas dos Licenciandos registradas em diários de campo. Os resultados sinalizam a possibilidade de articulação do tripé: pesquisa, ensino e extensão, destacando a importância da aproximação dos futuros professores de Ciências de seu contexto de atuação profissional, assentada na e pela pesquisa.
Intencionalidade das Ações Pedagógicas à Desconstrução de Estereotipias de Gênero nas Aulas de Ciências Naturais
Authors: Almeida Ester Aparecida Ely de , Franzolin Fernanda , Maia Roberta Assis
Published: October 2020

Resumo o objetivo deste trabalho foi identificar na literatura e investigar as orientações à ação docente que promovam a maior interação das meninas nos temas das ciências naturais. Pautadas nesses intuitos, foram elaboradas as seguintes categorias de ação: evitar exemplos sexistas, apresentar referências femininas nas ciências naturais, distribuir equitativamente as perguntas, distribuir equitativamente o tempo de fala. Tais categorias orientaram as práticas de ensino das mediadoras, em um projeto de extensão, para meninas e meninos dos Anos Iniciais do Ensino Fundamental. Os registros avaliativos do projeto, analisados quantitativamente e qualitativamente, forneceram dados para esta pesquisa. Nessas práticas, as mediadoras propiciaram a interação mais equitativa das crianças e criaram referenciais sobre as mulheres cientistas nas ciências naturais aos participantes. Nossos resultados evidenciam que as intencionalidades nas ações das mediadoras subsidiaram atividades com potencial de promover o interesse e a participação das meninas nos assuntos relacionados às ciências naturais.
Poesia em campo expandido: uma leitura de Sabonete Pôncio Pilatos, de Diego Dourado
Authors: Scherer Telma
Published: October 2020

Resumo Este artigo pretende articular uma leitura de um poema contemporâneo no qual estão presentes hibridismos, alargamentos de campo e diálogos entre linguagens. O trabalho escolhido é Sabonete Pôncio Pilatos, do poeta maranhense Diego Dourado, o qual pode ser pensado como poema-objeto, poema-performance, poesia conceitual, poema expandido, entre outras categorias provisórias e insuficientes. Situada no entrelugar entre poesia e artes plásticas, a obra agencia relações com o contexto de produção e circulação, convidando a uma leitura de seu caráter presencial e interartístico, que leva a questionarmos a relação entre as escolhas matéricas e suas reverberações políticas.
Sobre voos, sopros e vozes: a “(anti)gênesis” poética de Orides Fontela
Authors: Alves Nathaly Felipe Ferreira
Published: October 2020

Resumo Este trabalho tem por objetivo analisar o estatuto ontológico da linguagem poética, fundamentada por um ritmo singular, a partir da apreciação de dois poemas de Orides Fontela: “Gênesis”, publicado em Helianto, de 1973; e “Antigênesis”, em Rosácea, de 1986. Para tanto, lançaremos mão das considerações de Henri Meschonnic (2006) e de Paul Valéry (2007) no que diz respeito à formalização dos poemas enquanto objetos escriturais genuinamente críticos da linguagem, de si mesmos e do mundo.
Violência de Estado e de gênero em três contos de Bernardo Kucinski
Authors: Postay Leandra
Published: October 2020

Resumo O presente trabalho se propõe a analisar os contos “Sobre a natureza do homem”, “Você vai voltar pra mim” e “Recordações do casarão”, todos contidos no livro Você vai voltar pra mim e outros contos (2014a), de Bernardo Kucinski. Os textos selecionados têm como temática central experiências vinculadas à ditadura militar no Brasil e serão analisados sob a hipótese de que, em seus enredos, há um vínculo entre violência de Estado e violência de gênero. A análise tem como base a compreensão de que os contos de Kucinski possuem um teor testemunhal, ou seja, há uma implicação do conteúdo histórico sobre o conteúdo literário. A partir de tal recorte e da leitura empreendida, é possível concluir que a violência do Brasil ditatorial manifestou uma face patriarcal e que a literatura é um espaço frutífero à elaboração e reflexão sobre a barbárie.
Estudos de aula na perspectiva de professores formadores
Authors: Richit Adriana
Published: October 2020

RESUMO O artigo discute aspectos da dinamização dos estudos de aula em Portugal, considerando-se os desafios manifestados nesse processo e as características que atribuem a essa abordagem especificidade própria na perspectiva de professores-pesquisadores que assumem o papel de seus promotores. Foram entrevistados quatro formadores em estudos de aula do Instituto de Educação da Universidade de Lisboa, que se constituiu no material empírico do estudo. A análise apontou dois aspectos relacionados à implementação do estudo e aula em Portugal: a adaptação ao contexto cultural português, que trouxeu alguns desafios e solicitou escolhas diante das características dos grupos de professores envolvidos; e a especificidade desenvolvida em Portugal, com destaque para a abordagem exploratória, a colaboração profissional e a realização de pequenas investigações sobre a prática profissional dos professores participantes.
Emerging microencapsulated apricot kernel powder improves biochemical parameters in rats
Authors: Karabulut Ercan
Published: October 2020

This study appears to be the first attempt to use a novel microencapsulated apricot kernel powder (MAKP) to improve diabetes- and obesity-related parameters in the serum and liver tissue of normal-diet- and cafeteria-diet-fed rats. For this purpose, bitter apricot kernel powder (AKP) was microencapsulated within a maltodextrin matrix under optimized conditions, and the effects of treatment with MAKP at two doses (4 and 8 mg) on the parameters in normal-diet- and cafeteria-diet-fed rats were established. MAKP was characterized in terms of its molecular properties, revealing that AKP could be successfully encapsulated. MAKP was established to have clear effects of increasing (P < 0.01) the levels of the native thiol, total thiol, total antioxidant status, high-density lipoprotein and thioredoxin reductase parameters and of decreasing (P < 0.01) the levels of the total oxidant status, disulfide, indexes I and II, oxidative stress index, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein, glucose, triglyceride, catalase, superoxide dismutase, tumor necrosis factor alpha and glutathione peroxidase parameters. However, these effects were dose independent and more prominent in the rats fed cafeteria diet. As a consequence, the use of MAKP significantly (P < 0.01) improved these parameters in the rats fed cafeteria diet, suggesting that the use of MAKP may contribute to the current efforts that are being exerted to treat diabetes and obesity-related disorders.
ISSUES OF IMPROVING THE MEDICAL AND SOCIAL REHABILITATION OF THE ELDERLY AND SENILE AT THE PRESENT STAGE
Authors:   Grechko A.V., Grechko A.V. , Petrova V.N. ,   «Hospital for war veterans», Zakharchenko Yu.I. ,   «Kuban state medical University» of the Ministry of health of Russia, Kim V.V. ,   «Rostov state medical University» of the Ministry of health of the Russian Federation
Published: October 2020

The article analyzes the age-sex structure of elderly and senile people who are on inpatient treatment in a round-the-clock hospital of the geriatric Department. The most common diseases in this age group were noted against the background of senile asthenia syndrome, the frequency of cognitive disorders in this category of individuals and their dependence on others in everyday life were revealed. The high demand of the studied contingent for technical means of rehabilitation is established.