bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
LISTERIA MONOCYTOGENES: SPREADING AND MECHANISMS OF IMMUNE RESPONSE
Authors: Antoshina I. F. , Mezentseva M. V.
Published: January 2015

Abstract. Gram-positive bacteria Listeria monocytogenes (LM) the causative agent of listeriosis is one of the pathogens entering to the human organism by food products. The listeriosis is one of the oldest experimental infection and LM is the classic object for study of cell immunity mechanisms. It was established that virulent bacteria L. monocytogenes induce infected immune cells to avoid own protective response. The authors conducted experiments to study changes in immune response indicators in mice in the different stages of infection (during 3–5 days) caused by L. monocytogenes EGDe (wt) strain and bacteria of isogeneic strains with mutations in genes controlled production of PAMPs (d28, i28). Analysis of published data and obtained results of this study allows to make a conclusion that immune response in listeriosis plays an important role and it depends on pathogen strain, bacteria doses and another condition of infection. Conducted study can be useful in case of choosing of treatment tactic of disease caused by Listeria monocytogenes, and, probable another diseases, caused by intracellular bacteria.
IMMUNITY OF EYE-BULBE AND CONJUNCTIVE MICROFLORA
Authors: Kochergin S. A. , Tchernakova G. M. , Klescheva E. A. , Shapoval I. M. , Mezentseva M. V.
Published: January 2015

Abstract. The modern data concerning peculiarities of immune reactions in eye-bulbe tissues in general are presented in the article. The aspects of immune response (including cytokines system) in different eye pathologies are highlighted. The existing data on normal and pathogenic microflora of conjunctive and its possible influence on immune processes in eye-bulbe are summarized.
DOSE-DEPENDENT EFFECTS OF ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF SYNTHETIC PEPTIDES ISOLATED FROM GM-CSF ACTIVE CENTER
Authors: Zurochka A. V. , Suhovei Yu. G. , Zurochka V. A. , Dobrynina M. A. , Kostolomova E. G. , Kolobov A. A. , Simbirtsev A. S.
Published: January 2015

Abstract. Several endogenic and synthetic peptides were investigated in order to reveal their antibacterial activity. The study of dose-depended effects of antibacterial activity of the immunotropic peptide ZP-2, which is included in GM-CSF active center, shown significant antibacterial activity of ZP-2 by action range and by rate of bactericidal activity in case of low concentration. Combined application of substance derived from supernatant of CD34+CD45-cells and synthetic peptide ZP-2 enhances significantly actions of each other. Probably, this effect is connected with various mechanisms of their influence on bacteria. The obtained facts indicate that synthetic peptide has not only immunostimulating action but it also promotes a direct antibacterial activity. These data support an idea that synthetic peptides have good perspectives in case of development new antibacterial drugs with unique characteristics.
GENOME ORGANIZATION AND GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION OF THE NATURAL INTERGENOTYPIC RECOMBINANT OF HEPATITIS C VIRUS RF1_2k/1b
Authors: Kalinina O. V.
Published: January 2015

Abstract. For many years, the viral hepatitis C is considered as one of the most actual infectious pathologies of human. During the last decade the number of registered cases of chronic viral hepatitis C in Russia increased two times and reached 40.9‰. According to the current virological classification, hepatitis C virus (HCV) is differentiated into 6 genotypes and more than 200 subtypes. At the same time, increasing number of publications report about novel genetic variants of HCV. A high mutation rate is considered to be a major factor behind HCV genetic diversity. Recombination as another mechanism for creating genetic variation was not recognized as important factor for generating the HCV diversity. For a long time it was believed that the natural recombinants of hepatitis C virus were not viable. The first inter-genotype HCV recombinant RF1_2k/1b was identified in 2002 in Saint-Petersburg. The structural genes of the recombinant strain were similar to those of the HCV subtype 2k, while its nonstructural genes (except for the part of the NS2 gene) belonged to the HCV subtype 1b. Since that time, many studies were initiated to indentify natural HCV recombinants. This review presents current data regarding the genomic organization of HCV and its natural inter-genotype recombinant RF1_2k/1b as well as information about circulation of this recombinant in the world.
THE IMPORTANCE OF PATHOGENICITY FACTORS OF OPPORTUNISTIC MICROORGANISMS IN THE ASSESSMENT OF THEIR ROLE IN DISEASE DEVELOPMENT
Authors: Kunilova E. S. , Kraeva L. A. , Tseneva G. Y. , Hamdulayeva G. N.
Published: January 2015

Absract. The following pathogenicity factors of microorganisms prevailed in case of acute inflammation of the upper respiratory tract were studied: adhesive characteristics, hemolytic, hemagglutination, neuraminidase activities. It was established that microorganisms of the Moraxella genius have strongest adhesive characteristic. The high hemolytic and hemagglutination activity is inherent in microorganisms of the Staphylococcus and Streptococcus genius. In the case of isolation from patients microbial associations the clinical symptoms and pathogenicity factors of microbes-associates were more apparent.
Two cycles of recurrent selection in red bean breeding
Authors: Menezes Júnior José Ângelo Nogueira de , Rezende Júnior Laércio da Silva , Rocha Gilmar Silvério da , Silva Vanessa Maria Pereira e , Pereira Alisson Campos , Carneiro Pedro Crescêncio Souza , Peternelli Luis Alexandre , Carneiro José Eustáquio de Souza
Published: January 2015

This study was carried out for the purpose of estimating genetic progress after two cycles of recurrent selection in red bean breeding and of obtaining new lines. In cycle zero, F3:5 and F3:6 families were evaluated. In cycle one, the families were extracted in generation F5 and evaluated in generations F5:6 and F5:7. As the families were evaluated in different years and generations, the estimate of genetic progress was obtained by simultaneously evaluating the 30 best lines obtained at the end of each cycle in experiments conducted through three crop seasons. After two cycles of recurrent selection, genetic progress, in the mean value of the crop seasons, was 7.5% for grain yield, 7% for grain appearance, 33.4% for resistance to rust and 13.2% for resistance to angular leaf spot. Lines of red beans were obtained with potential for being included in future Value for Cultivation and Use (VCU) testing for Minas Gerais, Brazil.
Genetic variation in the emblematic Puya raimondii (Bromeliaceae) from Huascarán National Park, Peru
Authors: Hornung-Leoni Claudia Teresa , Sosa Victoria , Simpson June , Gil Katia
Published: January 2015

Puya raimondii, the giant Peruvian and Bolivian terrestrial bromeliad, is an emblematic endemic Andean species well represented in Huascarán National Park in Peru. This park is the largest reserve of puna (high altitude plateau) vegetation. The objective of this study is to report on genetic variation in populations of P. raimondii from Huascarán and neighboring areas. AFLP profiles with four selective primer combinations were retrieved for 60 individuals from different zones. Genetic variability was estimated and a total of 172 bands were detected, of which 79.1% were polymorphic loci. The results showed genetic differentiation among populations, and gene flow. A cluster analysis showed that individuals of P. raimondii populations located in different mountain systems could be grouped together, suggesting long distance dispersal. Thus, conservation strategies for P. raimondii have to take into account exchange between populations located far apart in distance in order to preserve the genetic diversity of this showy species.
Compreensão de leitura de alunos surdos na rede regular de ensino
Authors: Luccas Marcia Regina Zemella , Chiari Brasília Maria , Goulart Bárbara Niegia Garcia de
Published: January 2015

OBJETIVO: Avaliar e comparar a compreensão de leitura de alunos deficientes auditivos inclusos nas classes regulares de escolas públicas com e sem apoio pedagógico especializado. MÉTODOS: Trata-se de estudo observacional analítico com 35 alunos com perda auditiva neurossensorial, com e sem apoio pedagógico (Sala Apoio e Acompanhamento à Inclusão - SAAI). Todos foram submetidos ao Teste de Competência de Leitura de Palavras (TCLP), Teste de Nomeação de Figuras por Escolha de Palavras (TFN) e Teste de Competência de Leitura de Sentenças (TCLS). RESULTADOS: Nos testes relativos à compreensão de palavras (TCLP e TFN), os resultados estatísticos não apontaram diferença no desempenho dos alunos deficientes auditivos que frequentam e não frequentam apoio. Em relação à compreensão de leitura de sentenças, a aplicação do TCLS também não mostrou diferença entre os grupos de alunos deficientes auditivos. Houve correlação significativa entre idade e série, indicando que quanto mais velho e maior o nível de escolaridade do aluno melhor será seu desempenho na leitura de sentenças. Os resultados apontam que alunos deficientes auditivos, independentemente da frequência ao apoio (SAAI), leem melhor palavras do que sentenças. CONCLUSÃO: Não há diferença na compreensão de leitura entre os alunos deficientes auditivos que recebem e não recebem acompanhamento pedagógico especializado.
Desempenho perceptivo-auditivo de crianças na identificação de contrastes fonológicos entre as oclusivas
Authors: Berti Larissa Cristina , Falavigna Ana Elisa , Santos Jéssica Blanca dos , Oliveira Rita Aparecida de
Published: January 2015

OBJETIVO: Investigar o desempenho perceptivo-auditivo de crianças no tocante à identificação de contrastes entre as oclusivas; identificar quais fonemas e contrastes oclusivos apresentam maior ou menor grau de dificuldade de identificação; e verificar se a idade influencia a acurácia perceptivo-auditiva. MÉTODOS: Foram selecionadas, de um banco de dados, informações referentes ao desempenho perceptivo-auditivo de 59 crianças (30 do gênero masculino e 29 do gênero feminino) em uma tarefa de identificação da classe das consoantes oclusivas do Português Brasileiro. A tarefa consistiu na apresentação do estímulo acústico, por meio de fones de ouvido, e na escolha da gravura correspondente à palavra apresentada, dentre duas possibilidades de gravuras dispostas na tela do computador. O tempo de apresentação do estímulo e o tempo de reação das crianças foram computados automaticamente pelo software PERCEVAL. RESULTADOS: Observou-se uma acurácia perceptivo-auditiva de 85% e uma correlação positiva com a idade. O tempo de resposta dos erros foi superior ao tempo de resposta dos acertos. De acordo com a matriz de confusão, houve contrastes de maior e menor dificuldade: pistas que marcam o vozeamento são mais robustas do que as pistas que marcam o ponto de articulação. Considerando apenas o ponto de articulação das consoantes oclusivas, observou-se uma assimetria perceptivo-auditiva, em que a distância fonética desempenha um papel fundamental na saliência perceptivo-auditiva. CONCLUSÃO: A habilidade perceptivo-auditiva no tocante à identificação de contrastes oclusivos ainda não está estabilizada na faixa etária estudada. O domínio perceptivo-auditivo dos contrastes oclusivos se dá de forma gradativa e, ainda, no interior dessa classe, parece haver uma hierarquia no domínio perceptivo-auditivo.
Qualitative mathematical models to support ecosystem‐based management of Australia's Northern Prawn Fishery
Authors: Dambacher Jeffrey M. , Rothlisberg Peter C. , Loneragan Neil R.
Published: January 2015

A major decline in the catch of the banana prawn [shrimp], Penaeus (Fenneropenaeus) merguiensis, occurred over a six‐year period in the Weipa region of the northeastern Gulf of Carpentaria, Australia. Three main hypotheses have been developed to explain this decline: (1) prawn recruitment collapsed due to overfishing; (2) recruitment collapsed due to a change in the prawn's environment; and (3) adult banana prawns were still present, but fishers could no longer effectively find or catch them. Qualitative mathematical models were used to link population biology, environmental factors, and fishery dynamics to evaluate the alternative hypotheses. This modeling approach provides the means to rapidly integrate knowledge across disciplines and consider alternative hypotheses about how the structure and function of an ecosystem affects its dynamics. Alternative models were constructed to address the different hypotheses and also to encompass a diversity of opinion about the underlying dynamics of the system. Key findings from these analyses are that: instability in the system can arise when discarded fishery bycatch supports relatively high predation pressure; system stability can be enhanced by management of fishing effort or stock catchability; catch per unit effort is not necessarily a reliable indicator of stock abundance; a change in early‐season rainfall should affect all stages in the banana prawn's life cycle; and a reduced catch in the Weipa region can create and reinforce a shift in fishing effort away from Weipa. Results from the models informed an approach to test the hypotheses (i.e., an experimental fishing program), and promoted understanding of the system among researchers, management agencies, and industry. The analytical tools developed in this work to address stages of a prawn life cycle and fishery dynamics are generally applicable to any exploited natural resource.
Future land‐use scenarios and the loss of wildlife habitats in the southeastern United States
Authors: Martinuzzi Sebastián , Withey John C. , Pidgeon Anna M. , Plantinga Andrew J. , McKerrow Alexa J. , Williams Steven G. , Helmers David P. , Radeloff Volker C.
Published: January 2015

Land‐use change is a major cause of wildlife habitat loss. Understanding how changes in land‐use policies and economic factors can impact future trends in land use and wildlife habitat loss is therefore critical for conservation efforts. Our goal here was to evaluate the consequences of future land‐use changes under different conservation policies and crop market conditions on habitat loss for wildlife species in the southeastern United States. We predicted the rates of habitat loss for 336 terrestrial vertebrate species by 2051. We focused on habitat loss due to the expansion of urban, crop, and pasture. Future land‐use changes following business‐as‐usual conditions resulted in relatively low rates of wildlife habitat loss across the entire Southeast, but some ecoregions and species groups experienced much higher habitat loss than others. Increased crop commodity prices exacerbated wildlife habitat loss in most ecoregions, while the implementation of conservation policies (reduced urban sprawl, and payments for land conservation) reduced the projected habitat loss in some regions, to a certain degree. Overall, urban and crop expansion were the main drivers of habitat loss. Reptiles and wildlife species associated with open vegetation (grasslands, open woodlands) were the species groups most vulnerable to future land‐use change. Effective conservation of wildlife habitat in the Southeast should give special consideration to future land‐use changes, regional variations, and the forces that could shape land‐use decisions.
Energetic compensation is historically contingent and not supported for small mammals in South American or Asian deserts
Authors: Kelt Douglas A. , Aliperti Jaclyn R. , Meserve Peter L. , Milstead W. Bryan , Previtali M. Andrea , Gutiérrez Julio R.
Published: January 2015

Understanding the nature of faunal assembly and community structure remains central to ecology. Research in North American deserts and some tropical forests provides evidence of energetic compensation and zero‐sum dynamics, suggesting that species in some natural assemblages may be replaced with limited impact on ecosystem function. Experimental removal of a dominant small mammal (degu,Octodon degus) from replicate plots in semiarid coastal thorn‐scrub habitat in north‐central Chile revealed no evidence for energetic or functional compensation; energy consumption remained significantly lower on degu exclusions relative to control plots after 17 years of exclusion. This occurred in spite of the fact that the geographic species pools for South American sites generally are similar in size to those of most North American sites (mean and median number of species, 16.3 and 21.5 vs. 21.0 and 20, respectively). A macroecological assessment of energetically equivalent species at 394 arid sites in North America, the Gobi Desert, and South America indicated that the number of potentially equivalent species was lower than (Gobi) or similar to (South America) that found in North America, but when segregated by trophic groups, these faunas differed markedly. North American sites included large numbers of granivorous species whereas South American sites were dominated by omnivores. The more general trophic strategy in the latter sites would be expected to facilitate compensatory responses within local faunas, suggesting either that our site is anomalous or that other factors are governing local dynamics. Further research is needed to understand the generality of compensatory dynamics within natural systems, as this mechanism has direct relevance to discussions on ecological resilience in the face of ongoing environmental change.
The Cost of Maintaining Production in California Oil Fields
Authors: Lombardi M.E.
Published: January 2015

Published in Petroleum Transactions, AIME, Volume 52, 1916, pages 218–224.

The cost of maintaining the production of an operating oil company is one of the most important, as well as one of the most difficult to estimate, of the various items which go to make up the total cost of producing oil. In the opinion of many operators the cost of drilling and developing new wells, whose, production takes the place of the loss in production through decreased yield of the old wells, is considered an operating expense, for the reason that the total income-producing power of the property is not increased. The cost of these new wells may be added directly to production expense, or it may be charged to capital account, and this account depreciated to the same extent. In either case, after an oil company is on a satisfactory income-producing basis, the money for drilling new wells to maintain production must be taken from the income of the company.

Three factors determine the cost of maintaining production: First, the rate of decline in yield of the wells; second, the cost of drilling and equipping new wells in terms of their production; third, the decrease in initial production of new wells as the property is drilled and gas pressure taken off the sands, etc.

In order to check theoretical figures for the cost of maintaining production the writer, with the assistance of Reed Bush and Fred Tough, has compiled the following figures. It is necessary first of all to choose a period of time during which production for the field or territory studied remains fairly constant. The longer the period of time over which this condition prevails, the better. It is also necessary to eliminate or allow for any extraneous condition which may have affected the production returns, such as the shutting down of a large number of wells, the bringing in of a well of exceptionally large yield, the opening up of virgin territory where the flush yield is greater than will be had from new wells in after years, etc.

All these conditions are exemplified most simply in the case of the Coalinga field and perhaps these figures are more truly prophetic than the two other cases given.

T.P. 052–17
The Occurrences of Petroleum in Eastern Mexico as Contrasted with Those in Texas and Louisiana
Authors: Dumble E.T.
Published: January 2015

Published in Petroleum Transactions, AIME, Volume 52, 1916, pages 250–267.

The history of the several petroleum deposits of Texas and Mexico, or of the sediments in which they now occur, if the deposits are not indigenous to such sediments, is known in a general way only, but it nevertheless casts strong light on the conditions surrounding them and is of great importance in the search for and exploitation of them.

The petroleum deposits of Texas are separable into two main divisions:

The deposits of northwestern Texas, which are directly connected with the Oklahoma fields to the north, and have no representatives at all in the Mexican area.

The deposits of the coastal area, which extend into Louisiana on the east and connect with those of the Mexican coast to the south.

Early in the Pennsylvanian period a series of bituminous shales and limestones were laid down over a broad area in Texas, Arkansas, and Oklahoma. These are known as the Bend series in Texas, the Caney shales in Oklahoma, and the Fayetteville beds in Arkansas. Following their deposition an uplift occurred, forming the Lampasas geanticlinal, which runs northeastward from the old Paleozoic land area of the Llano region toward Red River.

The Bend series is petroliferous in places and has furnished a few producing wells on each side of the Lampasas uplift. This uplift forms the barrier and dividing line between the two divisions of the Texas petroleum deposits.

To the west of it, in waters which were the southern extension of the interior continental seas, in connection with the sediments and coal beds of the Pennsylvanian and Permian, great quantities of petroleum were deposited either as oil or as "potential petroleum." These sediments have been subject to very slight disturbance, and only very gentle folds are found, with no signs of volcanic action in any part of the area. The conditions, therefore, indicate that the greater part, if not all, of the oil in this area is indigenous to the beds in which it is found.

East of the anticlinal the oldest beds which appear in contact with the Bend are the Trinity Sands of the Lower Cretaceous.

T.P. 052–20
The Mexican Oil Fields
Authors: Huntley L.G.
Published: January 2015

Published in Petroleum Transactions, AIME, Volume 52, 1916, pages 281–321.

The occurrence of oil or "tar" in Mexico was mentioned as early as the seventeenth century by Friar Sagahun, who gives the Indian name "chapopote," by which these asphalt seepages are still called. This asphalt was apparently used, as it has been used by primitive people in many parts of the world, in religious ceremonies and for medicinal purposes. Travelers also report that the ruins in Yucatan and the pyramids in southern Mexico show traces of the use of "chapopote" as a building cement.

DeGolyer says that the first attempt to exploit oil or gas in Mexico in a commercial way is shown by the records of the Memoria de Fomento of 1865, when permission was granted to a Senor Ildefonso Lopez to exploit the deposits of petroliferous substances in the San Jose de las Rusias area in the State of Tamaulipas. Other concessions follow, and probably refer to surface seepages which occur in that district. This was several years after the discovery of oil in Pennsylvania. In 1868, a well 125 ft. deep was drilled by a company organized in Mexico City, in what is now known as the, Furbero district, and a little oil was refined there.

In 1873, residents of Tampico denounced seepages along the Tamesi River, and asphalt was mined near Tempoal in the Canton of Tantoyuca. No drilling was attempted. But between 1880 and 1883 several shallow wells were drilled for oil in Mexico, two of them being near the present Potrero de Llano field west of Tuxpam. The wells were drilled by a Boston company with Canadian rigs, and are said to have reached a depth of about 400 ft., while one is reported to have flowed. Several other abortive attempts were made to drill for oil between 1885 and the beginning of the present century, about which time the Mexican Petroleum & Liquid Fuel Co., Ltd., in which Cecil Rhodes was interested drilled 24 wells unsuccessfully, several of them as deep as 1,500 ft., in the State of Vera Cruz Also Messrs.

T.P. 052–22
The Estimation of Oil Reserves
Authors: Washburne Chester W.
Published: January 2015

Published in Petroleum Transactions, AIME, Volume 52, 1916, pages 645–648.

At present it is impossible to estimate closely the amount of oil obtainable from a given area of land. However, after the completion of a few properly distributed prospect wells, one can calculate the approximate yield of the sands penetrated, with a probable error of say 50 per cent. Even rough predictions of this kind are of value in large operations.

Without wells upon it, one can never be absolutely certain that an area will produce any oil whatever, and one can only indulge in wild guesses of the probable productive area, before the geological structure has been carefully contoured and the top of the basal water plotted on a map. This requires wells.

At times it is desirable to form an idea of the possible yield of oil in advance of drilling, as in cases where the price asked for undeveloped land seems too high, but where the probability of finding oil is furnished by neighboring development, supported by the geology. In such cases the most one can do is to make an estimate of possible maximum yield, which may of course far exceed results, and which is of use mainly in the prevention of excessive initial investment.

The method is very significant in a general way, as in regions like the Bighorn Basin, Wyoming where the productive sands in the Cretaceous shale are so few and so think and fine that they cannot develop very great production, although the high quality of the oil probably will counterbalance this defect sufficiently to give local profit in favorable areas.

Reservoir Capacity of Sands - The porosity of a stratum is the measure of its maximum reservoir capacity for liquids and gases. The porosity may be determined experimentally and must be used in connection with the total volume of the sand.

T.P. 051–45
A Review of the Exploration at Belle Isle, Louisiana
Authors: Lucas A.F.
Published: January 2015

Published in Petroleum Transactions, AIME, Volume 57, 1917, pages 1034–1049.

Introduction

Belle Isle, located in the low sea marshes near Atchafalaya Bay, is the southeasternmost of the famous Five Salt Islands of Louisiana. Rising about 80 ft. (24 m.) above the level of the surrounding marsh and being some 800 acres (323 ha.) in extent, it constitutes a striking land- mark on the low Gulf coast, and since the eighteenth century, when it played an important part in the operation of the buccaneers, it has been intermittently frequented by man. In 1897, the writer discovered the great mass of salt that underlies the island and shortly afterward published a brief account of the geology of Belle Isle and the neighboring salt islands.' In that paper he described principally the salt, but pointed out also the occurrence of petroleum and of sulphur in the strata above the salt. Since that time the island has been extensively explored by the drill, and the developments up to 1908 have been described by Veatch and Harris, and Knapp.

The writer's early conclusions as to the probable presence of sulphur in considerable quantity have been confirmed by the later drilling, some of the wells having found quantities of gas containing hydrogen sulphide and a number of sulphur-bearing strata as well. Under the stimulus of the present keen demand for sulphur for war purposes, a syndicate of New York capitalists was recently formed to explore the sulphur resources of the island in more detail. Under the writer's direction, six wells were drilled for this syndicate during the winter of 1916–17: The present paper presents briefly the results of this work and sums up the present knowledge of the geology of this highly interesting locality.

T.P. 057–51
Using Corn and Soybean Yield History to Predict Subfield Yield Response
Authors: Bunselmeyer Hayley A. , Lauer Joseph G.
Published: January 2015

Site‐specific management often uses past grain yield data to delineate management zones in a field. Questions remain about the type and amount of data required to classify subfields into management zones. The objective of this study was to test the hypothesis that yield history could predict yield patterns of subfields. Past grain yield data were collected from two experiments conducted on a Plano silt loam (fine‐silty, mixed, mesic Typic Argiudoll) near Arlington, WI. Experiment 1 included 26 yr and Exp. 2 included 10 yr of data for continuous corn (Zea mays L.), continuous soybean (Glycine max L. Merr.), and rotated corn–soybean in conventional‐till and no‐till. Average yield range among subfields within a year was 1.51 to 3.67 Mg ha−1 for corn and 0.54 to 0.81 Mg ha−1 for soybean. Across both experiments, spatial yield standard deviation of corn was 0.68 to 1.69 Mg ha−1; temporal yield standard deviation was 1.87 to 2.73 Mg ha−1. Spatial yield standard deviation of soybean was 0.24 to 0.37 Mg ha−1; temporal yield standard deviation was 0.56 to 0.85 Mg ha−1. The length of time required to detect yield differences among subfields was 2 to 18 yr and to detect consistent subfield yield patterns was 4 to 24 yr. High corn yield predicted high soybean yield and low corn yield predicted low soybean yield in 87% of subfields. Since temporal yield variation was greater than spatial yield variation, classifying subfields into management zones for input prescriptions remains challenging.
Meaning Making in Growing Up Without a Father: Narratives of Young Adolescent Boys
Authors: Langa Malose
Published: January 2015

This article explores young adolescent boys’ narratives and lived experiences of growing up without fathers.
We conducted Individual interviews with thirty-two adolescent boys, and used discursive data analysis methods to analyse
meanings that these participants made about growing up without fathers. We found that participants in the study embraced
alternative voices of masculinity that were not destructive to the self and others, despite growing up without father figures.
This contradicts the mainstream literature which holds that boys who grow up without fathers are highly likely to
experience emotional disturbances and indulge in risk-taking behaviours.
Effects of Glyphosate and Polyoxyethylene Amine on Metabolic Rate and Energy Reserves of Procambarus clarkii Juveniles
Authors: Frontera J.L. , Gilette Nicole , Hull Breanna , Korang Jacquie , Amorim Carolina , Vatnick I. , Rodríguez E.M.
Published: January 2015

P. clarkii juvenile crayfish were exposed during 60 days to sublethal concentrations of glyphosate (G),
polyoxyehtylene amine (P) or a combination of both (G+P), together with a control group of aged tap water (C). At the
end of the experiment, the following statistical differences were noted, with respect to control: 1) a lower metabolic rate in
both G and G+P groups, 2) a higher glycemia in G group with no differences in hemolymphatic lactate levels, 3) a lower
muscle glycogen levels in both P and G+P groups, 4) a lower level of protein muscle in the P group. Taken together, these
results suggest that glyphosate may cause a metabolic arrest. Additionally, under chronic exposure conditions,
polyoxyehtylene amine acts as a strong stressor, leading to the utilization of both muscle carbohydrate and protein
reserves.
Marshall properties of waste polymer and nanoclay modified bitumen
Authors: Sadeque Mohammed , Patil K.A.
Published: January 2015

Polymer modified bitumen is emerging as one of the important construction
materials for flexible pavements. The addition of polymers in bitumen
improves the deformational stability and durability of bitumen. Also
Montmorillonite nanoclay has been successfully used as additive in polymer to
significantly improve the thermal stability and mechanical properties. The
present study, the effect of waste low density polyethylene (LDPE),
polypropylene (PP) obtained from waste carry bag, crumb rubber obtained from
Waste tyre (CR)and nanoclay (MMT) on Marshall stability have been evaluated.
Waste plastics, whose disposal is a matter of concern can be used
successfully to modify the bitumen, these waste polymers are added in 2%, 4%
and 6% whereas nanoclay is added in 1,2 and 3 % in 60/70 penetration grade
bitumen and its effect on stability and flow of bitumen are evaluated. The
result of experimental study shows that there is significant improvement in
the Marshall Stability of bitumen due addition of waste polymer and nanoclay.
Selection of design approach for designing spread foundatons in our region according to Eurocode 7
Authors: Papic Jovan , Prolovic Verka , Dimitrievski Ljupco
Published: January 2015

The existing civil engineering standards for designing are to be replaced
with a set of Eurocodes. Eurocode 7 is related to a geotechnical design, but
its implementation is difficult, due to different geological, geographical
and climate conditions which lead to development of different local designing
traditions all over Europe. In order to overcome them, Eurocode 7 offers
three design approaches and sets of partial factors to be used within. After
accepting it, each country has to declare on the selection of design approach
according to which designing is going to be performed and to define
appropriate partial factors. This paper presents methodology for selection of
appropriate design approach for spread foundations in our region where the
process of introduction of Eurocodes is still active. The method based on
keeping up with the similar designing procedure may also be used for other
geotechnical structures.
The development of controlled damage mechanisms-based design method for nonlinear static pushover analysis
Authors: Cosic Mladen , Brcic Stanko
Published: January 2015

This paper presents the original method of controlled building damage
mechanisms based on Nonlinear Static Pushover Analysis (NSPA-DMBD). The
optimal building damage mechanism is determined based on the solution of the
Capacity Design Method (CDM), and the response of the building is considered
in incremental situations. The development of damage mechanism of a system in
such incremental situations is being controlled on the strain level,
examining the relationship of current and limit strains in concrete and
reinforcement steel. Since the procedure of the system damage mechanism
analysis according to the NSPA-DMBD method is being iteratively implemented
and designing checked after the strain reaches the limit, for this analysis a
term Iterative-Interactive Design (IID) has been introduced. By selecting,
monitoring and controlling the optimal damage mechanism of the system and by
developed NSPA-DMBD method, damage mechanism of the building is being
controlled and the level of resistance to an early collapse is being
increased.
Collision of built heritage revitalisation principles and "design for all"
Authors: Zivaljevic-Luxor Natasa , Mitkovic Petar , Kurtovic-Folic Nadja
Published: January 2015

Nine briefly examined examples of built heritage in this paper reveal various
cases of collision of conservation principles with demands of barrier-free
architecture. The importance of this issue has been raised in the light of
increasing world-wide efforts to preserve cultural heritage buildings for
future generations by revitalization and strong efforts, in particularly in
the EU, to reach higher standards in inclusion of all social groups.
Parameters for improvement of the housing quality in social housing dwellings
Authors: Petkovic-Grozdanovic Natasa , Jovanovic Goran , Stoiljkovic Branislava , Stanimirovic Mirko
Published: January 2015

Experiences of the countries with developed social housing sector indicate
that the role of social housing should not be treated in a limited manner,
considered to be just a roof over one?s head, whereby housing quality will be
neglected. Contemporary approaches to the development of social housing
models are focused on users themselves, with a special concern for the
housing quality. Because the units of social housing have the minimal size,
it is necessary to provide such amenities so as to overcome the shortage of
usable housing space. It is also desirable that the design of social housing
dwellings should have a simulative effect on the tenants within this areas.
This paper discusses the spatial and physical parameters which could affect
the housing quality of this type of dwellings.
Revitalization process of preschool buildings
Authors: Kostic Aleksandra , Stankovic Danica , Tanic Milan , Nikolic Vojislav
Published: January 2015

This paper represents the research associated with establishment of the
methodological approach to reviving architecture designed for children?s
upbringing and education, and consider new possible strategies for
implementing eco-principles in the existing construction fund of preschool
facilities in Serbia. Basic research problem is global state of resources,
energy consumption and disrupted children comfort in preschool facilities.
Research gives concrete proposals for future architectural praxis in Serbia
in terms of eliminating the aforementioned problems. The aim of the research
is to record and valorize practical measures for environmental,
energy-efficient and economic reshaping in accordance with pre-set criteria,
which will provide healthy, safe, comfortable, functional and progressive eco
inner and outer environment of a child in preschool facility.
Total phenol, flavonoid and heavy metal content and antioxidant activity of solvent extracts of Origanum vulgare L.
Authors: Velickovic Jasmina , Dimitrijevic Danica , Kostic Danijela , Mitic Snezana , Mitic Milan
Published: January 2015

Water, ethanol and water-ethanol (1:1, v/v) extractsofthe
(ethno)pharmacologically valued plant species Origanum vulgare L. were
studied for the total phenol (TP), flavonoid (TF) and heavy metal (HM; Zn,
Fe, Cu, and Mn) content. All three prepared extracts contained a rather high
amount of phenolics (23.6-75.2 mg gallic acid equivalents/g) and a low amount
of flavonoid compounds (1.0-2.1 mg quercetin equivalents/g). In addition, the
content of (toxic) metals (Zn, Fe, Cu, and Mn) was low (0.4-153 mg/kg).
Antioxidant potential of the extracts was determined using a DPPH assay and
correlated with TP, TF and HM. According to the obtained results, the high
observed radical scavenging activity (75.1-93.8%) is mostly related to the
presence of flavonoid and other phenolic compounds.
Evaluation of kinetic parameters and redox mechanism of quinoxaline at glassy carbon electrode
Authors: Aleksic Mara , Pantic Jelena , Kapetanovic Vera
Published: January 2015

The electrochemical behavior of a biologically important heterocyclic
compound quinoxaline (QUI) was investigated by cyclic voltammetry (CV) in
solutions of differing pH, using a glassy carbon electrode (GCE). The
reduction of QUI occurs as a quasi-reversible reaction in acid medium,
reaching reversibility in alkaline solutions. The kinetic parameters of the
electrode process such as ?n?, diffusion coefficient (D) and heterogeneous
rate constant (ks), were evaluated and discussed. Redox mechanism of QUI was
proposed on the basis of experimental results. Reduction process involves a
transfer of two electrons and two protons at the pyrazine ring of QUI forming
a dihydro-derivative. In acid solutions, the product of QUI reduction
undergoes irreversible oxidation in a one-electron process. The electrode
processes was found to be diffusion controlled.
Lead - a preanalytical/analytical variable in clinical chemistry
Authors: Rasic-Misic Ivana , Pecev-Marinkovic Emilija
Published: January 2015

Lead is one of the most studied clinically important metals due its high
toxicity and a high number of workers exposed to it. The interest toward Pb
is elevated by the fact that children are especially susceptible to lead
poisoning. Research regarding lead poisoning requires a complex,
multi-disciplinary (clinical medical and clinical chemical) approach.
Monitoring human exposure to lead (intake, i.e. poisoning) may be achieved by
quantification of Pb in tissues and body fluids. For that reason, a number of
accurate and reliable analytical methods for the determination of Pb
(analytical/preanalytical variable) were developed. An objective of this
review paper is to provide key information necessary for proper
interpretation of results of lead related clinical/laboratory tests.
SO(2,3) noncommutative gravity model
Authors: Dimitrijevic Marija , Radovanovic Voja
Published: January 2015

In this paper the noncommutative gravity is treated as a gauge theory of the
noncommutative SO(2,3)* group, while the noncommutativity is canonical. The
Seiberg-Witten (SW) map is used to express noncommutative fields in terms of
the corresponding commutative fields. The commutative limit of the model is
the Einstein-Hilbert action plus the cosmological term and the topological
Gauss-Bonnet term. We calculate the second order correction to this model and
obtain terms that are zeroth, first, . . . and fourth power of the curvature
tensor. Finally, we discuss physical consequences of those correction terms
in the limit of big cosmological constant.
Nonlocal modified gravity and its cosmological solutions
Authors: Dragovich Branko
Published: January 2015

Besides great achievements and many nice properties, general relativity as
theory of gravity is not a complete theory. There are many attempts to its
modification. One of promising modern approaches towards more complete
theory of gravity is its nonlocal modification. We present here a brief
review of nonlocal gravity with some its cosmological solutions. In
particular, we pay special attention to two attractive nonlocal models, in
which nonlocality is expressed by an analytic function of the d?Alembert
operator ? = 1/?-g ???-gg????. In these models, we are mainly interested
in nonsingular bounce solutions for the cosmic scale factor.
Tacrolimus concentration/dose ratio as a therapeutic drug monitoring strategy: The influence of gender and comedication
Authors: Rancic Nemanja , Dragojevic-Simic Viktorija , Vavic Neven , Kovacevic Aleksandra , Segrt Zoran , Draskovic-Pavlovic Biljana , Mikov Momir
Published: January 2015

Background/Aim. A combination of tacrolimus and other drugs such as
corticosteroids has been commonly used immunosuppresive regimens. On the
other hand, there is a growing body of evidence that male and female may
differ in their response to the equal drug treatment. The aim of the study
was to estimated the use of tacrolimus concentration/dose (C/D) ratio for the
assessment of the influence of gender differences and comedication on
tacrolimus exposure in renal transplant recipients. Methods. This prospective
case series study included 54 patients, in which the unit of monitoring was
outpatient examination (1,872) of the renal transplant patients. The patients
were monitored in the period 2010-2014, starting one month after the
transplantation. Tacrolimus trough concentrations (TTC) were measured by
chemiluminescence microparticles immunoassay. Results. TTC and the
tacrolimus C/D ratio were significantly lower in the females comparing with
the males. Contrary to the males, in the females a significant increase of
the tacrolimus daily dose (TDD) per body weight and TTC, along with the
corticosteroid dose increase, was not accompanied by any significant changes
in the tacrolimus C/D ratio; in different corticosteroid doses faster
elimination of tacrolimus was found with the exception of the doses > 0.25
mg/kg. In the patients treated with proton pump inhibitors, mainly with
pantoprazole TDD per body weight and TTC were significantly higher, while the
tacrolimus C/D ratio was significantly lower compared to the patients without
this treatment. In the patients treated with calcium channel blockers, TDD
per body weight was significantly lower (particularly with amlodipine) while
the tacrolimus C/D ratio was higher compared to the patients who were not
treated by them. Conclusion. A lower tacrolimus exposure was detected in
females in comparison to males. When gender differences were considered in
the context of different corticosteroid doses, faster elimination of
tacrolimus in the females was also seen, with the exception of the doses >
0.25 mg/kg. Tacrolimus exposure in the pantoprazole-treated patients was
significantly less expressed, while in patients treated with CCB amplodipine
the tacrolimus C/D ratio was significantly higher in comparison with the
patients not treated with them.
Childhood Nodal Marginal Zone Lymphoma with Unusual Clinicopathologic and Cytogenetic Features for the Pediatric Variant: A Case Report
Authors: Aqil Barina , Merritt Brian Y. , Elghetany M. Tarek , Kamdar Kala Y. , Lu Xinyan Y. , Curry Choladda V.
Published: January 2015

Nodal marginal zone lymphoma (NMZL) is a B-cell lymphoma that shares morphologic and immunophenotypic features with extranodal and splenic marginal zone lymphomas but lacks extranodal or splenic involvement at presentation. NMZL occurs mostly in adults with no sex predilection, at advanced stage (III or IV), with frequent relapses and a high incidence of tumoral genetic abnormalities including trisomies 3 and 18 and gain of 7q. Pediatric NMZL, however, is a rare but distinct variant of NMZL with characteristic features including male predominance, asymptomatic and localized (stage I) disease, low relapse rates with excellent outcomes, and a lower incidence of essentially similar genetic aberrations compared to adult NMZL. Here we describe a unique case of childhood NMZL with unusual clinicopathologic features for the pediatric variant including generalized lymphadenopathy, high-stage disease with persistence after therapy, unusual immunophenotype (CD5, CD23, and BCL6 positive), and unique chromosomal abnormalities including monosomy 20 and add(10)(p11.2).
Entrepreneurial Stressors as Predictors of Entrepreneurial Burnout
Authors: Wei Xueyan , Cang Shuangxin , Hisrich Robert D.
Published: January 2015

Research on the effects of entrepreneurial stressors is limited, especially regarding its relation to the burnout that frequently occurs in the process of starting and growing a venture. The effect of the role of entrepreneurial stressors (workload, competitive comparison, demands-of-knowledge, managing responsibility, and resource requirements) on burnout (emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and reduced personal accomplishment) was examined in a Chinese sample of entrepreneurs. Entrepreneurial stressors emerged as a significant predictor of burnout in the process of entrepreneurship in a sample of 289 entrepreneurs (63.8% men; M age = 26.2 yr.; 39.6% of their parents have been self-employed). The findings clarify the functional relationship between entrepreneurial stressors and burnout. Entrepreneurial stressors played multiple roles. Managing responsibility was an active contributor to the sense of achievement and to emotional exhaustion. Workload was an active contributor to emotional exhaustion. Demands-of-knowledge negatively affected three of the dimensions of burnout. Theoretical and practical implications for management of the effect of these relationships are discussed.
Confidence: A Critical Review of the Literature and an Alternative Perspective for General and Specific Self-Confidence
Authors: Oney Emrah , Oksuzoglu-Guven Gizem
Published: January 2015

This article provides a critical review of the literature pertaining to self-confidence and advances the argument of the need to separate the construct into its general and specific domains. The rationale is that distinguishing self-confidence into general and specific will increase conceptual parsimony and predictive power of each construct.