bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The strong propensity of Cadherin‐23 for aggregation inhibits cell migration
Authors: Sannigrahi Malay K. , Srinivas Cheerneni S. , Deokate Nilesh , Rakshit Sabyasachi
Published: February 2019

Cadherin‐23 (Cdh23), a long‐chain non‐classical cadherin, exhibits strong homophilic and heterophilic binding. The physiological relevance of strong heterophilic binding with protocadherin‐15 at neuroepithelial tip links is well‐studied. However, the role of Cdh23 homodimers in physiology is less understood, despite its widespread expression at the cell boundaries of various human and mouse tissues, including kidney, muscle, testes, and heart. Here, we performed immunofluorescence studies that revealed that Cdh23 is present as distinct puncta at the cell–cell boundaries of cancer cells. Analysis of patient data and quantitative estimation of Cdh23 in human tissues (normal and tumor) also indicated that Cdh23 is down‐regulated via promoter methylation in lung adenocarcinoma (AD) and esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) cells; we also observed a clear inverse correlation between Cdh23 expression and cancer metastasis. Using HEK293T cells and four types of cancer cells differentially expressing Cdh23, we observed that cell migration was faster in cells with reduced levels of Cdh23 expression. The cell migration rate in cancer cells is further accelerated by the presence of excretory isoforms of Cdh23, which loosen its cell‐adhesion ability by competitive binding. Overall, our data indicate the role of Cdh23 as a suppressor of cell migration.
Bioinspired Functional Surfaces Enabled by Multiscale Stereolithography
Authors: Li Yuanrui , Mao Huachao , Hu Pan , Hermes Mark , Lim Haneol , Yoon Jongseung , Luhar Mitul , Chen Yong , Wu Wei
Published: February 2019

Additive manufacturing has many advantages in creating highly complex customized structures. In this study, a low‐cost multiscale stereolithography technology that can print a macroscale object with microscale surface structures with high throughput is demonstrated. The developed multiscale stereolithography is realized by dynamic switching of laser spot size and adaptively sliced layer thickness. An optical filter based on subwavelength resonance grating is used to modify laser spot size for lasers with different wavelengths and achieves a maximum resolution of 37 µm. The multiscale stereolithography process has 4.4× throughput improvement compared with the traditional stereolithography process with a single laser spot. For proof‐of‐concept testing, artificial shark skins with microriblet features are designed and 3D printed. In pipe flow experiments, the 3D printed shark skin demonstrates almost 10% average fluid drag reduction. Artificial lotus leaf surfaces are also 3D printed to demonstrate superhydrophobic property. This new process has the potential to serve as a powerful tool that can bring bioinspired structures into real‐life applications.
Hardware Implementation of Energy Efficient Deep Learning Neural Network Based on Nanoscale Flash Computing Array
Authors: Xiang Yachen , Huang Peng , Han Runze , Zhou Zheng , Shu Qingming , Su Zhiqiang , Hu Hong , Liu Lu , Liu Yongbo , Liu Xiaoyan , Kang Jinfeng
Published: February 2019

Deep learning neural network (DNN) can provide efficient approaches to process the increasing unstructured data, such as images, audio, and video. To improve the computing power and the energy efficiency of data processing in DNN, a universal and reconfigurable computing paradigm with the hardware implementation scheme including the convolution, pooling, and fully connected layers is developed based on nanoscale flash computing arrays, which can be massively fabricated. Via precisely tuning the threshold voltage, the fabricated 65 nm nanoscale flash cells can exhibit 16 levels (four bits) of storage states. To confirm the feasibility of the computing paradigm, an exemplary five‐layer DNN is simulated based on the measured data from the nor‐type (NOR) flash memory and exhibits 97.8% recognition accuracy of Modified National Institute of Standards and Technology (MNIST) handwritten digit database with the speed of 4.2 × 105 fps at 104 MHz operating frequency. The proposed paradigm with low energy and chip cost shows great promise for future energy efficient and massively parallel data processing of DNN.
Synthesis of 3‐Organoselenyl‐2H‐Coumarins from Propargylic Aryl Ethers via Oxidative Radical Cyclization
Authors: Fang Jun‐Dan , Yan Xiao‐Biao , Zhou Li , Wang Yu‐Zhao , Liu Xue‐Yuan
Published: February 2019

A metal‐free oxidative radical cyclization/selenylation of propargylic aryl ethers with diaryl diselenides was developed. This protocol provided an alternative method to synthesize 3‐organoselenyl‐2H‐coumarins via the formation of C−Se bond, C−C bond, and C=O bond in one step. Moreover, a broad range of functional groups (such as halogen, aldehyde, ketone, cyano, and nitro group) were tolerated.

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Palladium‐Catalyzed Primary Amine‐Directed Decarboxylative Annulation of α‐Oxocarboxylic Acids: Access to Indolo[1,2‐a]quinazolines
Authors: Jiang Guangbin , Wang Shoucai , Zhang Jun , Yu Jianwen , Zhang Ziang , Ji Fanghua
Published: February 2019

An efficient protocol for the preparation of indolo[1,2‐a]quinazolines via palladium‐catalyzed decarboxylative annulation of indols with α‐oxocarboxylic acids has been realized by using primary amine as a directing group (DG). This transformation proceeds smoothly with exclusive regioselectivity and represents an one‐pot Domino synthesis of indo‐lo[1,2‐a]quinazolines from α‐oxocarboxylic acids.

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Nitrogen Soaking Promotes Lattice Recovery in Polycrystalline Hybrid Perovskites
Authors: Alberti Alessandra , Deretzis Ioannis , Mannino Giovanni , Smecca Emanuele , Giannazzo Filippo , Listorti Andrea , Colella Silvia , Masi Sofia , La Magna Antonino
Published: February 2019

On the basis of experiment and theory, a general paradigm is drawn that reconsiders N2 not simply being an inert species but rather an effective healing gas molecule if entering a methylammonium lead iodide (MAPbI3) layer. Nitrogen is soaked into polycrystalline MAPbI3 via a postdeposition mild thermal treatment under slightly overpressure conditions to promote its diffusion across the whole layer. A significant reduction of radiative recombination and a concurrent increase of light absorption, with a maximum benefit at 80 °C, are observed. Concomitantly, the current of holes drawn from the surfaces with nanometer resolution through a biased tip is raised by a factor of 3 under N2. This is framed by a reduction of the barrier for carrier extraction. The achieved improvements are linked to a nitrogen‐assisted recovery of intrinsic lattice disorder at the grain shells along with a simultaneous stabilization of undercoordinated Pb2+ and MA+ cations through weak electrostatic interactions. Defect mitigation under N2 is reinforced in comparison to the benchmark behavior under argon. It is additionally unveiled that surface stabilization through N2 is morphology‐independent and thus can be applied after any preparation procedure. Such simple and low‐cost strategy can complement other stabilizing solutions for perovskite solar cells or light‐emitting diode engineering.
Synthesis of Fluoro and Cyanoaryl‐Containing Pyrene Derivatives and their Optical and Electrochemical Properties
Authors: Gong Xiaojie , Heeran Darren , Zhao Qiang , Zheng Chaoyue , Yufit Dmitry S. , Sandford Graham , Gao Deqing
Published: February 2019

Mono‐ and 1,6‐disubstituted pyrene derivatives bearing perfluorotoluene or perfluorobenzonitrile moieties were synthesized by nucleophilic substitution processes. The compounds were characterized by NMR, UV‐vis, photoluminescence (PL), thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), cyclic voltametry (CV) and density functional theory (DFT) calculations. It was found that derivatives substituted with perfluorobenzonitrile showed better thermal stability, stronger electron withdrawing ability and better fluorescence properties than the corresponding perfluorotoluyl‐pyrene systems
Symptom importance, patient expectations, and satisfaction in chronic rhinosinusitis
Authors: Mattos Jose L. , Rudmik Luke , Schlosser Rodney J. , Smith Timothy L. , Mace Jess C. , Alt Jeremiah , Soler Zachary M.
Published: February 2019

Background

Sinonasal symptoms and poor quality of life (QOL) prompt chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) patients to undergo sinus surgery (ESS). However, little is known regarding the symptoms most important to patients and how these impact expectations and postoperative satisfaction.

Methods

A prospective, multi‐institutional cohort study of 100 CRS patients undergoing ESS completed a novel adaptation of the 22‐item Sino‐Nasal Outcome Test (SNOT‐22) wherein they rated how important it was for specific symptoms to improve after surgery, along with preoperative expectations and postoperative satisfaction. The primary satisfaction measure was whether a patient would choose to undergo endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) again. A multivariate, logistic regression model was built using demographics, objective measures, and the adapted SNOT‐22 data. Spearman correlation analysis was also performed.

Results

Nasal obstruction was rated as “extremely” or “very” important by 93% of patients, followed by smell/taste, thick nasal discharge, need to blow nose, postnasal discharge, and sleep symptoms (range, 61‐72%). Symptoms like sadness and embarrassment were not considered important by preoperative patients (≤28%). In multivariate logistic regression, postoperative satisfaction depended on preoperative expectations being met and ESS improving their most important symptoms (odds rato, 19.6‐27.5; p < 0.005). Postoperative satisfaction was not correlated with achieving a minimal clinically important difference, but it was correlated with magnitude of change in SNOT‐22 (r = 0.35; p < 0.05).

Conclusions

Nasal, smell, and sleep‐related symptoms were consdidered most important by this cohort. Meeting of preoperative expectations, improvement of the most important symptoms, and the magnitude of change in the SNOT‐22 may drive postoperative satisfaction.
Generation of Accelerating Beams along Arbitrary Trajectories
Authors: Qian Yixian , Zhang Site , Ren Zhijun
Published: February 2019

A phase superposition approach for generating arbitrarily accelerating beams is proposed, where the superimposed phase is composed of multiple sub‐phases, each of which determines an independent sub‐beam or sub‐trajectory. Further, an effective algorithm is developed to improve the uniformity of the intensity along the arbitrary trajectory by introducing phase‐shift factors. Experimental results are consistent with numerical simulations. The proposed method can be extended to nonparaxial fields, and it also breaks the previous trajectory restrictions. The arbitrarily accelerating optical beams can pave the way for optically moving particles along a predefined trajectory. The property of such beams following arbitrary trajectories is likely to give rise to new applications in wave front control, flexible optical manipulation, and optical transport and guidance of particles.
Manganese(I)‐Catalyzed C−H Activation/Diels–Alder/retro‐Diels–Alder Domino Alkyne Annulation featuring Transformable Pyridines
Authors: Zhu Cuiju , Kuniyil Rositha , Ackermann Lutz
Published: February 2019

Complexity‐increasing Domino reactions comprising C−H allenylation, a Diels–Alder reaction, and a retro‐Diels–Alder reaction were realized by a versatile catalyst derived from earth‐abundant, non‐toxic manganese. The C−H activation/Diels–Alder/retro‐Diels–Alder alkyne annulation sequence provided step‐economical access to valuable indolone alkaloid derivatives through a facile organometallic C−H activation manifold with transformable pyridines.
A Brønsted‐Ligand‐Based Iron Complex as a Molecular Switch with Five Accessible States
Authors: Shiga Takuya , Saiki Ryo , Akiyama Lisa , Kumai Reiji , Natke Dominik , Renz Franz , Cameron Jamie M. , Newton Graham N. , Oshio Hiroki
Published: February 2019

A mononuclear FeII complex, prepared with a Brønsted diacid ligand, H2L (H2L=2‐[5‐phenyl‐1H‐pyrazole‐3‐yl] 6‐benzimidazole pyridine), shows switchable physical properties and was isolated in five different electronic states. The spin crossover (SCO) complex, [FeII(H2L)2](BF4)2 (1A), exhibits abrupt spin transition at T1/2=258 K, and treatment with base yields a deprotonated analogue [FeII(HL)2] (1B), which shows gradual SCO above 350 K. A range of FeIII analogues were also characterized. [FeIII(HL)(H2L)](BF4)Cl (1C) has an S=5/2 spin state, while the deprotonated complexes [FeIII(L)(HL)], (1D), and (TEA)[FeIII(L)2], (1E) exist in the low‐spin S=1/2 state. The electronic properties of the five complexes were fully characterized and we demonstrate in situ switching between multiple states in both solution and the solid‐state. The versatility of this simple mononuclear system illustrates how proton donor/acceptor ligands can vastly increase the range of accessible states in switchable molecular devices.
Visible‐light‐driven photocatalytic degradation using Mn‐doped SrMoO4 nanoparticles
Authors: Yao Zi‐Feng , Dai Zhen‐Xiang , Zhang Zhan‐Jun , Zheng Gan‐Hong , Xu Xin
Published: February 2019

Mn‐doped SrMoO4 nanocrystals were synthesized by thermal decomposition of metal–organic salt in an organic solvent with the doping content in the range 0–12 mol%. The structures, morphologies and optical properties were characterized using various techniques. The results suggest that Mo sites in the SrMoO4 lattice are substituted by the Mn dopant, the adsorption bands are found to be shifted toward the visible light region and the band gap becomes narrower correspondingly. The photocatalytic performance of the as‐synthesized product was determined using the degradation of methylene blue by visible light irradiation. The photocatalytic performance is enhanced with Mn doping, and the optimal degradation rate is 85% in 140 min for 5 mol% Mn doping. The enhanced photocatalytic activity with Mn doping may be ascribed to the energy band adjustment and effective photogenerated electron–hole separation caused by the Mn doping. A possible photocatalytic mechanism is also discussed.
ZrOCl2·8H2O as an efficient and recyclable catalyst for the one‐pot multicomponent synthesis of novel [1,3]oxazino[5,6‐c]quinolin‐5‐one derivatives
Authors: Han Liangliang , Zhou Zhongqiang
Published: February 2019

A simple, efficient and eco‐friendly procedure has been developed using ZrOCl2·8H2O as catalyst for the synthesis of novel [1,3]oxazino[5,6‐c]quinolin‐5‐one derivatives in aqueous ethanol at room temperature. The present methodology offers several advantages such as operational simplicity, use of ZrOCl2·8H2O as a green, non‐toxic, inexpensive and reusable catalyst, reusability of reaction media, high yields, mild and environmentally benign reaction conditions.
A novel microwave assisted reverse micelle fabrication route for Th (IV)‐MOFs as highly efficient adsorbent nanostructures with controllable structural properties to CO and CH4 adsorption: Design, and a systematic study
Authors: Sargazi Ghasem , Afzali Daryoush , Mostafavi Ali
Published: February 2019

Reducing gas contaminants by affordable and effective adsorbents is a major challenge in the 21st century. In the present study, thorium metal organic framework (Th‐MOF) nanostructures are introduced as highly efficient adsorbents. These compounds were manufactured via a novel route resulting from the development of microwave assisted reverse micelle (MARM) and ultrasound assisted reverse micelle (UARM) methods. The products were characterized utilizing XRD, SEM, TGA/DSC, BET, and FT‐IR analyses. Based on the results, the samples synthesized by MARM had uniform size distribution, high thermal stability, and significant surface area. Calculations using DFT/B3LYP indicated that the compounds have a tendency to the polymeric form, which could theoretically confirm the formation of Th‐MOF. Results of analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed that synthesis parameters played a critical role in the manufacturing of products with distinctive properties. Response surface methodology (RSM) predicted the possibility of creating Th‐MOF adsorbents with the surface area of 2579 m2/g, which was a considerable value in comparison with the properties of other adsorbents. Adsorption studies showed that, in the optimum conditions, the Th‐MOF products had high adsorption capacity for CO and CH4. It is believed that the synthesis protocol developed in the present study and the systematic studies conducted on the samples which lead to products with ideal adsorption properties.
Hydrophilic Fe3O4 nanoparticles prepared by ferrocene as high‐efficiency heterogeneous Fenton catalyst for the degradation of methyl orange
Authors: Jia Xiangkun , Chen Xin , Liu Yin , Zhang Baoliang , Zhang Hepeng , Zhang Qiuyu
Published: February 2019

Hydrophilic Fe3O4 nanoparticles were prepared with ferrocene as an iron source via the thermal decomposition method and their catalytic response towards methyl orange was investigated. The effects of the pH, temperature, H2O2 dosage, catalyst dosage and initial dye concentration on the degradation of methyl orange were researched in detail. Furthermore, the stability of the catalyst was evaluated by measuring the degradation rate in eight successive cycles. The study demonstrates that methyl orange can be completely degraded i.e., a 99% degratation rate was obtained within 3 min. This excellent catalytic activity is attributed to the small size and good dispersibility of the nanoparticles, which stimulate the rapid and massive generation of reactive oxygen species in the heterogeneous Fenton reaction. In addition, the magnetic separation of the catalyst offers great prospects for fast and economical decontamination of dye polluted water.
Bayesian semiparametric Markov switching stochastic volatility model
Authors: Virbickaitė Audronė , Lopes Hedibert F.
Published: February 2019

This paper proposes a novel Bayesian semiparametric stochastic volatility model with Markov switching regimes for modeling the dynamics of the financial returns. The distribution of the error term of the returns is modeled as an infinite mixture of Normals; meanwhile, the intercept of the volatility equation is allowed to switch between two regimes. The proposed model is estimated using a novel sequential Monte Carlo method called particle learning that is especially well suited for state‐space models. The model is tested on simulated data and, using real financial times series, compared to a model without the Markov switching regimes. The results show that including a Markov switching specification provides higher predictive power for the entire distribution, as well as in the tails of the distribution. Finally, the estimate of the persistence parameter decreases significantly, a finding consistent with previous empirical studies.
Large‐scale automated forecasting for network safety and security monitoring
Authors: Naveiro Roi , Rodríguez Simón , Ríos Insua David
Published: February 2019

Large‐scale real‐time streaming data pose major challenges to forecasting, in particular, defying the presence of human experts to perform the required analysis. We present here a class of models and methods used to develop an automated, scalable, and versatile system for large‐scale forecasting oriented toward network safety and security monitoring. Our system provides short‐ and long‐term forecasts and uses them to detect issues, well in advance, that might take place in relation with multiple Internet‐connected devices.
Copper nanoclusters: an efficient fluorescence sensing platform for quinoline yellow
Authors: Sivasankaran Unni , Radecki Jerzy , Radecka Hanna , Girish Kumar Krishnapillai
Published: February 2019

Fluorescence quenching behavior of artificial food colorant quinoline yellow (QY), on interaction with l‐cysteine stabilized copper nanoclusters (l‐Cys‐CuNCs) is investigated in this work. For this purpose, l‐cysteine stabilized CuNCs were synthesized and characterized using various analytical techniques. Results demonstrated that the synthesized probe (size ~2 nm) had very promising optical features such as bright blue fluorescence, significant quantum yield and excellent photostability. l‐Cys‐CuNCs can function as a fluorescence sensor by selectively sensing QY among other yellow colorants, giving a detection limit as low as 0.11 μM. The developed sensor exhibited a linear concentration range from 5.50 to 0.20 μM. The developed fluorescence assay was successfully applied for testing commercial samples, thereby making this sensing strategy significant for quality control of food stuffs.
TLD characteristic of glass, feldspathic and lithium disilicate ceramics
Authors: Isik Esme , Toktamis Huseyin
Published: February 2019

Thermoluminescence (TL) emission of dental ceramics could be potentially used for retrospective dosimetry purposes as this allows a quick and reliable dose assessment in case of nuclear accident or bad use of a nuclear attack. This paper reports on the chemical and luminescence characterization of glass, feldspathic and lithium disilicate glass ceramic (LS2). Swedish and Turkish dental ceramics supplied by Vivadent Ivoclar considering: (i) the dose response in the range 10 Gy to 6.9 kGy which displays a linear dose−response at low dose values up to 36 Gy (glass and feldspathic ceramics) and shows sublinear behavior from 12 Gy to 6 kGy (lithium disilicate glass ceramics), (ii) a reproducibility of the TL signal in which the area under the glow curve increased about 25% after 10 cycles for glass and lithium disilicate ceramics and increased about 30% after seven cycles for feldspathic ceramics, (iii) stability of the luminescence emission with the elapsed time and (iv) effect of the heating rate. Glass, lithium disilicate and feldspathic ceramics display a complex UV‐blue glow emission that can be respectively fitted to five and four groups of components assuming first‐order kinetics behavior.
Polymerization rate difference of N‐alkyl glycine NCAs: Steric hindrance or not?
Authors: Bai Tianwen , Ling Jun
Published: February 2019

Polypeptoids synthesized from N‐substituted glycine N‐carboxyanhydrides (NNCAs) are widely applied in biological fields. The effect of side groups in NNCA polymerizations is a key to develop novel polypeptoids with complex topologies and constituents. In this work, density functional theory (DFT) calculations are employed to investigate the propagation of a series of alkyl substituted NNCAs with solvation model. According to both computational and experimental results, carbonyl addition is confirmed as rate determining step and steric hindrance is recognized as the major factor of low reactivity in β‐C branched NNCAs. However, in linear and γ‐C branched case, aggregation of side groups instead of bulkiness is considered responsible for low polymerization rate.
Virtual laboratory simulation in the education of laboratory technicians–motivation and study intensity
Authors: de Vries Lisbeth Elvira , May Michael
Published: February 2019

This study presents an evaluation of virtual laboratory simulation for educational use in the AP Degree Programme in Chemical and Biotechnical Science at University College Copenhagen in Denmark. The purpose was to test if, and how, virtual laboratory simulation could be applied to a practically oriented education such as the education of laboratory technicians—the aim being to motivate students and improve the education with new teaching tools. The study investigated how specific virtual lab simulation cases (Labster‐cases) may stimulate motivation, study intensity, and learning among laboratory technician students. Altogether, 78 students evaluated different educational aspects of using virtual lab cases in relation to a 2‐week course within gene technology. Overall, students were positive regarding the use of laboratory simulation as well as the specific cases tested. The study showed that virtual lab simulation seems to help laboratory technician students connect theory with practice and to visualize molecular processes as well as practical laboratory procedures and instrument techniques, however, it did also pose technical challenges. Furthermore, the study indicated that the use of virtual lab simulation cases can contribute to increased study activity as well as motivation. The overall conclusion of this study was that virtual lab simulation is an effective supplement to traditional teaching activities for the education of lab technicians. © 2019 International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 47(3):257–262, 2019.
Peptides Containing meso‐Oxa‐Diaminopimelic Acid as Substrates for the Cell‐Shape‐Determining Proteases Csd6 and Pgp2
Authors: Soni Arvind S. , Lin Chang Sheng‐Huei , Murphy Michael E. P. , Tanner Martin E.
Published: February 2019

The enzymes Csd6 and Pgp2 are peptidoglycan (PG) proteases found in the pathogenic bacteria Helicobacter pylori and Campylobacter jejuni, respectively. These enzymes are involved in the trimming of non‐crosslinked PG sidechains and catalyze the cleavage of the bond between meso‐diaminopimelic acid (meso‐Dap) and d‐alanine, thus converting a PG tetrapeptide into a PG tripeptide. They are known to be cell‐shape‐determining enzymes, because deletion of the corresponding genes results in mutant strains that have lost the normal helical phenotype and instead possess a straight‐rod morphology. In this work, we report two approaches directed towards the synthesis of the tripeptide substrate Ac‐iso‐d‐Glu‐meso‐oxa‐Dap‐d‐Ala, which serves as a mimic of the terminus of an non‐crosslinked PG tetrapeptide substrate. The isosteric analogue meso‐oxa‐Dap was utilized in place of meso‐Dap to simplify the synthetic procedure. The more efficient synthesis involved ring opening of a peptide‐embedded aziridine by a serine‐based nucleophile. A branched tetrapeptide was also prepared as a mimic of the terminus of a crosslinked PG tetrapeptide. We used MS analysis to demonstrate that the tripeptide serves as a substrate for both Csd6 and Pgp2 and that the branched tetrapeptide serves as a substrate for Pgp2, albeit at a significantly slower rate.
Getting unstuck: Dialectical strategies to reduce suffering and build a life worth living
Authors: Gold Andrea L. , Yaptangco Mona
Published: February 2019

Case: Katharina is a 16‐year‐old female referred for adolescent dialectical behavior therapy (DBT‐A) following her second psychiatric hospitalization for suicidal intent and plan. She presents with chronic suicidal ideation, frequent nonsuicidal self‐injury, severe hopelessness and worthlessness, and recent academic decline. Katharina's life‐threatening behaviors emerged last year in the context of worsening depression, anxiety, irritability, disordered eating, and increased familial conflict, particularly around limit setting. Her pervasive and severe emotion dysregulation had not improved following outpatient psychotherapy with multiple cognitive behavioral therapists, pharmacotherapy, and inpatient and partial hospitalizations.
Keep your eye on…
Authors: Knopf Alison
Published: February 2019

The equally low rate of eating disorders in young boys and girls

The increase in pediatric opioid deaths

The toll of parent separations at the border, via AAP
AAP urges stronger regulations to prevent youth access to e‐cigarettes
Authors: Knopf Alison
Published: February 2019

Your children should not be using electronic cigarettes. It's bad for their health. And public health advocates are here to back you up.
Drug‐coated balloon versus uncoated percutaneous transluminal angioplasty for the treatment of atherosclerotic lesions in the superficial femoral and proximal popliteal artery: 2‐year results of the MDT‐2113 SFA Japan randomized trial
Authors: Iida Osamu , Soga Yoshimitsu , Urasawa Kazushi , Saito Shigeru , Jaff Michael R. , Wang Hong , Ookubo Hiroko , Yokoi Hiroyoshi ,   On behalf of the MDT‐2113 SFA Japan Investigators
Published: February 2019

Objectives

To assess the longer‐term safety and efficacy of the IN.PACT Admiral (MDT‐2113) drug‐coated balloon (DCB) for the treatment of de novo and non‐stented restenotic lesions in the superficial femoral and/or proximal popliteal arteries versus uncoated percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA) in a Japanese cohort.

Background

Although DCBs are the newest endovascular strategy for patients with peripheral artery disease presenting with femoropopliteal lesions, there remains a paucity of results in non‐Caucasian populations.

Methods

IN.PACT SFA Japan is an independently‐adjudicated, prospective, multicenter, randomized, single‐blinded trial. Endpoints through 2 years included primary patency and a composite safety endpoint of freedom from device‐ and procedure‐related death through 30 days, freedom from target limb major amputation and freedom from clinically‐driven target vessel revascularization at 24 months.

Results

One hundred patients were assigned by 2:1 randomization to treatment with the IN.PACT Admiral DCB (n = 68) or PTA (n = 32). The groups were well‐matched at baseline. Mean lesion length for the DCB and PTA groups were 9.15 ± 5.85 and 8.89 ± 6.01 cm (P = 0.838), respectively. Patients treated with DCB exhibited superior 24‐month primary patency compared to PTA (79.8% vs. 46.9%; log rank P < 0.001). The 24‐month clinically driven target lesion revascularization rate was 9.1% for DCB versus 20.7% for PTA (P = 0.177). There were no device‐ or procedure‐related deaths, major amputations, or thromboses in either group.

Conclusions

Two‐year results from IN.PACT SFA Japan demonstrated persistently superior patency and low CD‐TLR rates through 2 years when compared to uncoated PTA in Japanese patients. These data are consistent with other IN.PACT DCB trials.
Ordered Mesoporous Co3O4−Al2O3Binary Metal Oxides for CO Hydrogenation to Hydrocarbons: Synergy Effects of Phosphorus Modifier for an Enhanced Catalytic Activity and Stability
Authors: Park Yong Min , Lee Dong Hyun , Lee Yun Jo , Roh Hyun‐Seog , Chung Chan‐Hwa , Wook Bae Jong
Published: February 2019

The synergy effects of phosphorus modifier on highly ordered mesoporous binary metal oxides of Co3O4−Al2O3(m‐CoAl), prepared by nanocasting method using a hard template of KIT‐6, were observed by an enhanced catalytic and structural stability of the m‐CoAl during CO hydrogenation to hydrocarbons. The enhanced structural stability of the ordered mesoporous structures on the phosphorous‐modified m‐CoAl at an optimal amount of phosphorous modifier below 0.3 wt%P (P(3)/m‐CoAl) was attributed to the partial formation of thermally stable metal phosphates under a reductive Fischer‐Tropsch synthesis (FTS) reaction condition. The positive effects of the phosphorous modifier were originated from the partially formed SiO2‐like AlPO4phases on the outer surfaces of the m‐CoAl, as well as from partially formed irreducible and thermally stable spinel‐type cobalt aluminates (CoAl2O4). The hydrophobic SiO2‐like tridymite AlPO4surfaces on the ordered matrices of the P/m‐CoAl also effectively prevented the heavy wax (or coke precursors) depositions. The structural instability of the P/m‐CoAl was observed at a higher phosphorous content above 0.5wt%P by preferentially forming the largely segregated mixed metal oxides such as Co3O4−CoAl2O4−Co3(PO4)2through the phase transformations of the surface excess AlPO4.
Quencher‐Delocalized Emission Strategy of AIEgen‐Based Metal–Organic Framework for Profiling of Subcellular Glutathione
Authors: Zhu Longyi , Wong Bernardino J. Córdova , Li Yang , Xin Hao , Liu Bin , Lei Jianping
Published: February 2019

Distinguishing glutathione (GSH) level in different subcellular locations is critical for studying its antioxidant function in the signaling system. However, traditional methods for imaging subcellular GSH were achieved in isolated organelles or fixed cells. In this work, we report a quencher‐delocalized emission strategy for in situ profiling of GSH at different subcellular locations in living cells. A nonemissive metal–organic framework (MOF) nanoprobe was designed with AIEgen as the linker and CuII as the node and quencher. The AIEgen in MOF structure was lightened up with green emission in a neutral environment due to partial CuII delocalization by competitive binding to GSH. Meanwhile, along with the protonation of AIEgen ligand under acidic environment, the AIEgen‐based MOF could be completely dissociated in the presence of GSH to yield yellow emission. The two‐channel ratiometric analysis of dual‐colored emission of AIEgen‐based MOF allows visualization of GSH in cytoplasm and lysosome in living cells, which is also able to report the drug effects on different subcellular GSH levels.
The Influence of Alkali Metal Ions on the Stability and Reactivity of Chromium(III) Superoxide Moieties Spanned by Siloxide Ligands
Authors: Wind Marie‐Louise , Hoof Santina , Herwig Christian , Braun‐Cula Beatrice , Limberg Christian
Published: February 2019

In recent years, it has become clear that the presence of redox‐inactive Lewis acidic metal ions can decisively influence the reactivity of metal–dioxygen moieties that are formed in the course of O2 activation, in molecular complexes, and metalloenzymes. Superoxide species are often formed as the primary intermediates but they are mostly too unstable for a thorough investigation. We report here a series of chromium(III) superoxide complexes [L2Cr]M2O2(THF)y (L=−OSiPh2OSiPh2O−, M+=Li+, Na+, K+ and y=4, 5), which could be accessed, studied spectroscopically and partly crystallized at low temperatures. They only differ in the two incorporated Lewis acidic alkali metal counterions (M+) and it could thus be shown that the nature of M+ determines considerably its interaction with the superoxide ligand. This interaction, in turn, has a significant influence on the stability and reactivity of these complexes towards substrates with OH groups. Furthermore, we show that stability and reactivity are also highly solvent dependent (THF versus nitriles), as donor solvents coordinate to the alkali metal ions and thus also influence their interaction with the superoxide moiety. Altogether, these results provide a comprehensive and detailed picture concerning the correlation between spectroscopic properties, structure, and behavior of such superoxides, that may be exemplary for other systems.
Conformational Changes and Redox Properties of Bimetallic Single Helicates of Hexapyrrole‐α,ω‐dicarbaldehydes
Authors: Eerdun Chaolu , Nguyen Thi Hien Thuy , Okayama Takuya , Hisanaga Satoshi , Setsune Jun‐ichiro
Published: February 2019

The hexapyrrole‐α,ω‐dicarbaldehydes 1 a and 1 b were metallated with CuII, NiII, and PdII to give bimetallic complexes where a pair of 3 N+O four‐coordinate metal planes are helically distorted and the central 2,2′‐bipyrrole subunit adopts a cis or trans conformation. X‐ray crystallographic analysis of the bisCu complex revealed a closed form with a cis‐2,2′‐bipyrrole subunit and an open form with a trans‐2,2′‐bipyrrole subunit. The bisPd complexes took a closed form both in the solid state and in solution. They are regarded as single helicates of two turns and the energy barrier for the interchange between an M helix and a P helix was remarkably influenced by the bulky 3,3′‐substituent of the central 2,2′‐bipyrrole subunit. Although the bisNi complexes adopt a closed form in the solid state, they exist as a homohelical open C2‐symmetric form or a heterohelical open Ci‐symmetric form in solution. A theoretical study suggested that the closed form of 1 aPd was stabilized by the Pd–Pd interaction. Compound 1 aPd was reversibly oxidized by one electron at 0.14 V versus ferrocene/ferrocenium (Fc/Fc+) and this oxidized species showed Vis/NIR absorption bands at λ=767 and 1408 nm.
The Spontaneous Variation in the Pattern of Ventricular Extrasystoles in Patients Recently Recovered from an Acute Myocardial Infarction
Authors: MØLLER M. , B. LYAGER NIELSEN , FABRICIUS J.
Published: February 2019

Twelve patients between the ages of 40 and 68 years with myocardial infarction 1–6 months earlier were subjected to 24 h of ambulatory ECG monitoring for 2 consecutive d. In six patients with an average of <5 ventricular extrasystoles (VE) per hour during the first day, the pattern of the arrhythmias was both quantitatively and qualitatively unchanged from day to day. In six patients with an average of >60 VE/h the first day, the number of VE were reduced significantly from the first to second day—in four patients by > 50%. The variation was greater after a day‐to‐day comparison than within the individual days following the division of the 24 h into 6‐h periods. In general, the ventricular arrhythmias varied less following a qualitative rather than a quantitative evaluation. The evaluation of the effect of an antiarrhythmic drug in postmyocardial infarction patients requires that a considerable spontaneous variation should be taken into account when the patient is to be used as his own control. If a duration of monitoring of 24 h is employed both prior to and after the commencement of treatment, then the ventricular arrhythmias must practically disappear before the antiarrhythmic effect may be said to be documented.
Clinical Estimation of Infarct Size by201 Thallium Perfusion Scintigraphy and by Creatine Kinase‐MB in Early Myocardial Infarction
Authors: FLETCHER J. W. , RAO P. S. , WITZTUM K. F. , HAMILTON W. P. , DONATI R. M. , MUELLER H. S.
Published: February 2019

201Thallium (2011Tl) perfusion scintigraphy was performed in 22 patients with first acute transmural myocardial infarction within the initial 12 h after onset of symptoms. The size of the abnormally perfused area on 201Tl images was estimated by visual analysis and by a computer‐assisted technique. 201Tl values for infarct size were compared to a biochemical estimate of infarct size using the cardiac specific isoenzyme creatine kinase‐MB (CK‐MB) and total creatine kinase (CK). Estimates of myocardial damage obtained from the visual and computer‐assisted analysis of the 201Tl images showed a statistically significant correlation with the enzymatic estimates of infarct size. These results suggest that quantitative evaluation of201Tl image defects may provide useful information regarding the degree of myocardial damage in the very early stages of acute infarction before biochemical estimates of infarct size are available, and that sequential imaging with 201TI might provide an independent method of monitoring evolutionary changes in myocardial damage.
Multivariate Prognostic Index in Acute Myocardial Infarction for Individual Duration of Hospitalization
Authors: BIRK MADSEN E. , LYSBO SVENDSEN T. , RASMUSSEN S.
Published: February 2019

To estimate the feasibility of an early and individualized discharge of acute myocardial infarction patients, a new prognostic index was constructed from Cox's regression model for survival analysis. From the first 5 d in the coronary care unit the significant prognostic variables in the index were heart failure (definite objective signs of congestive heart failure and/or definite cardiomegaly and/or pulmonary vascular enlargement on chest x ray in upright position), cardiogenic shock, atrioventricular block, and age. From the index the individual patient's probability of survival up to day 36 after admission could be directly predicted. The more positive the index, the higher was the probability of death. The prognostic efficacy was good, with two unexpected deaths from 149 patients in the lowest risk group. With a selected mortality risk of 5% from the day of discharge until day 30 after admission, 134 patients (52%) could be discharged on day 6. To have the risk of ≤5% after discharge another 54 patients (21 %) would have to stay in the hospital for 24 d. Following this system of early and individualized discharge there were few serious post‐discharge complications (one cardiac arrest and one ventricular tachycardia). Reinfarctions could not be predicted. This model could save around 2000 hospitalization days per year in this hospital.
Impact of healthy lifestyles on cancer risk in the Chinese population
Authors: Wang Xinyan , Yang Xueli , Li Jianxin , Liu Fangchao , Chen Jichun , Liu Xiaoqing , Cao Jie , Shen Chong , Yu Ling , Lu Fanghong , Wu Xianping , Zhao Liancheng , Wu Xigui , Li Ying , Hu Dongsheng , Huang Jianfeng , Lu Xiangfeng , Gu Dongfeng
Published: February 2019

Background

Although cancer has become one of the leading health burdens, to the authors’ knowledge, evidence regarding its relationship with a healthy lifestyle in the Chinese population remains limited.

Methods

The authors evaluated the association between clustering of healthy lifestyle factors and cancer risk using 3 prospective cohort studies with 101,208 Chinese adults from the general population. Hazard ratios (HRs) and corresponding 95% confidential intervals (95% CIs) related to healthy lifestyle factors were calculated using Cox proportional hazard models, and population‐attributable risk percentages were estimated further.

Results

The results demonstrated that each additional healthy lifestyle factor was associated with a 6% (range, 3%‐9%) lower risk of overall cancer. Compared with having none to 3 healthy lifestyle factors, HRs related to adherence to all 6 healthy lifestyle factors were 0.78 (95% CI, 0.60‐1.02) and 0.82 (95% CI, 0.67‐1.00), respectively, for men and women. It was estimated that approximately 18.4% and 2.3%, respectively, of overall cancer cases for men and women were attributable to nonadherence to all 6 healthy lifestyle factors.

Conclusions

The results of the current study indicate that adherence to clustering of healthy lifestyle factors was associated with a reduced risk of cancer incidence among Chinese adults. Greater efforts urgently are needed to promote the adoption of multiple healthy lifestyle behaviors to reduce the increasing burden of cancer.
DaC‐Join: A join operator for improving database performance on modern hardware
Authors: Alencar Namom , Brayner Angelo , Monteiro José Maria , Filho José de Aguiar Moraes
Published: February 2019

The computer industry is moving toward the construction in large scale of chips with hundreds of cores to increase on‐chip parallelism. In parallel, computers with solid state memory, the so‐called solid state drive (SSD for short), providing petabytes of storage area, is emerging. Nonetheless, database systems (DBSs) were designed based upon two premises. The first is the usage of magnetic disks (HDDs). The second one is that distributed DBSs could scale beyond what a single‐node DBMS can support. However, the latter premise only holds for a small number of CPU cores per node and for a limited number of nodes. Thus, to fully exploit benefits of parallelism and high IOPS rates supported by many‐core machines with SSDs, database systems should be aware of upcoming CPU architecture and storage technology. In this paper, we present a new join algorithm, denoted DaC‐Join, whose key goal is to exploit on‐chip parallelism and high IOPS rates delivered by modern hardware. DaC‐Join is able to run on multiple cores in parallel, increasing this way intra‐operator parallelism. Furthermore, the proposed operator effectively decreases the activity of writing back join temporary results on SSDs, which minimizes the problem of write operation latency in SSDs. In order to validate the novel approach, simulations with a prototype have been conducted over TPC‐H benchmark database, scale factor 10. The achieved results evidence the suitability of DaC‐Join.
Synthesis of 2‐Amino‐4‐Fluoropyridine‐C‐Nucleoside Phosphoramidite for Incorporation into Oligonucleotides
Authors: Sato Kousuke , Matsuda Akira
Published: February 2019

Straightforward and efficient methods for the synthesis of 2‐amino‐4‐fluoropyridine‐C‐nucleoside (dFP) and the solid‐phase synthesis of oligodeoxynucleotides containing dFP using a phosphoramidite are described. The synthesis of dFP is achieved by cross‐coupling between a nucleobase (2‐amino‐4‐fluoro‐3,5‐diiodopyridine) and sugar moieties. Its 3′‐O‐phosphoramidite is obtained by deiodination, 5′‐O‐protection, and 3′‐O‐phosphitilation in three steps. The phosphoramidite unit is compatible for the synthesis of oligonucleotides on solid‐phase according to conventional phosphoramidite chemistry. The 2‐amino‐4‐fluoropyridine‐C‐nucleoside moiety incorporated into the oligodeoxynucleotide reacts with a Cys residue in the catalytic site of DNA cytosine‐5‐methyltransferase (DNMT). It is apparent that 2‐amino‐4‐fluoropyridine‐C‐nucleoside would be utilized in DNA‐protein crosslink technology. This protocol describes the importance of solid‐phase synthesis to obtain novel pyridine‐C‐nucleoside analogues and its incorporation into oligodeoxynucleotides in a short period of time. © 2019 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Sustainability and sustainable development strategies in the U.K. plastic electronics industry
Authors: Borland Helen , Bhatti Yohan , Lindgreen Adam
Published: February 2019

The growing plastic electronics industry constitutes an important arena for addressing sustainability challenges. This study integrates literature related to eco‐innovations and ecocentric business strategies to investigate its ability to adopt a sustainable development strategy on the basis of ecological sustainability. An exploratory qualitative study in the U.K. market reveals the need for both technological‐push and market‐pull factors to guide technological development. Awareness of sustainable development and the potential to support it are high, but actors in this sector do not prioritize these concerns. Efforts to increase commitment to sustainable development must address three distinctive groups: innovative developers, supplier/manufacturers, and industry facilitators. Articulating the importance of sustainable development might create incentives and generate market pull. The industry also has potential to support sustainable development, which then can support industry development. This article thus offers theoretical insights for ecocentric eco‐innovations, ecocentric business strategy, and ecocentric visionary leadership, along with managerial, industry, and policy implications.
The influence of financial performance on corporate social innovation
Authors: Alonso‐Martínez Daniel , González‐Álvarez Nuria , Nieto Mariano
Published: February 2019

The study draws from the literature on corporate social innovation (CSI) and financial performance and extends previous studies about this relationship. In addition, given the scant literature on corporate social innovation, the paper tries to generate a common framework for this topic. It proposes a definition and a measure of CSI. The measure aims to reflect the contribution that firms make to society in terms of innovation. The sample includes firm observations that cover 6‐year longitudinal panel data, including 1,122 firms in 29 countries. Our findings confirm that firms invest their financial resources (mainly firm performance) in CSI but, instead of investing immediately, take at least 1 year to do so. Stakeholder engagement, the relevance of sustainable innovation business models, and social and environmental policies contribute to integrating CSI. Our study contributes to filling the gap in the literature on CSI and provides several implications for NGOs, managers, and policymakers.