bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ecological Niche Modeling for the Prediction of Suitable Habitat for Chrysodeixis chalcites (Noctuidae) in the Contiguous United States
Authors: Galle Nicholas A. , Hankins Kayla R. , Bucheli Sibyl R. , Williams Justin K. , Randle Christopher P.
Published: August 2023

The golden twin-spot moth, Chrysodeixis chalcites Esper (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), is a polyphagous, polyvoltine crop pest occurring natively from northern Europe to Mediterranean Africa and the Canary Islands. Larvae feed on a wide variety of naturally occurring plants as well as soybean and other legume crops, short staple cotton, tomato, potato, peppers, tobacco, and banana. Chrysodeixis chalcites has been recorded in agricultural lands in the Ontario peninsula in eastern Canada and in northern counties of Indiana, USA. Given the strong potential for C. chalcites to invade USA crop lands, it is important to identify habitats most likely to sustain growing populations of this pest. Using occurrence data from its homerange, and environmental predictors including bioclimatic conditions, elevation, and human disturbance, we trained three ecological niche models, and used these models to estimate an ensemble prediction of habitat suitability in the contiguous US. Because human impact is potentially a confounding predictor, models were trained both with and without it. High habitat suitability was projected for the Atlantic coast from New England to Florida, the Gulf coast, the lower Midwest, and the Pacific coast and Central Valley of California. Though model predictions were robust, we recommend caution in their interpretation. First, agricultural lands are bioclimatically altered landscapes, and these alterations not reflected in bioclimatic data gathered from weather stations. Second, though the inclusion of human impact did not alter predictions on a large scale, it produced predictions favoring major metropolitan areas as suitable habitat, which we interpret as an artifact.
Harnessing AI for Economic Forecasting: Navigating Rentier Economies Towards Diversification and Sustainable Growth - A Case Study of Iraq
Authors: Salah Mohammed , Abdelfattah Fadi , Alhalbusi Hussam
Published: August 2023

Venturing into the crossroads of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and economic development, this study employs AI models for economic forecasting within the context of Iraq, a quintessential rentier state. Drawing on the theoretical underpinnings of rentier state theory and diversification strategies, it harnesses OpenAI's advanced language models, ChatGPT and googles AI Bard, to generate an array of potential economic trajectories. The results provide an insightful probe into the impacts of global oil market trends, the socio-economic implications of public dissatisfaction under economic instability, and the potential benefits of economic diversification. The study investigates the unique challenges facing Iraq, a country rich in oil resources but wrestling with economic stagnation and socio-political instability. The AI models are utilized to generate and dissect potential future scenarios for Iraq's economy, elucidating the critical issues related to its heavy dependence on oil, the sustainability of its bloated public sector, and the ramifications of these factors on socio-economic stability. The analysis underlines the urgent need for robust economic diversification and provides strategic policy recommendations to steer Iraq towards a more resilient and sustainable economic future. This study illuminates the pathway towards economic diversification in Iraq by seamlessly integrating AI models with traditional research methodologies. It demonstrates the potential of AI as an essential tool in economic forecasting and policy planning within economic development studies.
Exploring the Trends in Sediment and Phosphorous Concentration and Loads: Case Study over Part of the Great Lake Basin (Ontario, Canada)
Authors: Paul Pranesh Kumar , Goswami Anant , Rudra Ramesh , Goel Pradeep Kumar , Daggupati Prasad
Published: August 2023

In this study, trend analysis of total suspended solids (TSS) and total phosphorus (TP) concentrations and loads are performed, combining bootstrapping with the Weighted Regressions on Time, Discharge, and Season i.e., WRTDS_BT technique. The technique is used at ten selected monitoring stations of Northern Lake Erie, Eastern Lake Huron, and Lake Ontario & Niagara Peninsula in Ontario, Canada. Trend analysis over major tributaries reveals that trends in TSS concentrations and loads were highly variable, while there was a significant decline in TP concentrations and loads. However, in most tributaries, TSS and TP concentration levels are significantly higher than the provincial and national guidelines and objectives. To be precise, TSS concentration levels are significantly higher than Canadian Water Quality Guidelines (CWQG) for the TSS concentration in tributaries of 30 mg/L (following Toronto Region Conservation Authority (TRCA), Ontario) and TP concentration levels are significantly higher than the Ontario’s provincial water quality objectives (PWQO) guidance for the TP concentration in tributaries of 0.03 mg/L. Moreover, our findings suggest that changes in land management practices in agricultural areas, such as tillage, tile drainage and fertilizer/manure application may play an important role for the analysed trend.
WITHDRAWN: Introducing new heterogeneity indices based on integrated petrophysical heterogeneity analysis in Sarvak carbonate reservoir of an Iranian oilfield in Dezful Embayment
Authors: Mehdipour Vali , Rabbani Ahmad Reza , Kadkhodaie-Ilkhchi Ali
Published: August 2023

Heterogeneity is a very significant factor in reservoir static modeling, reservoir simulation, and determining hydrocarbon recovery of petroleum reservoirs. In this study, we tried to quantify and calculate different heterogeneity indicators for one cored well in the Sarvak reservoir of an Iranian oilfield located in the Dezful embayment (Zagros Basin). The coefficient of variation (CV) of permeability, Dykstra-Parsons Coefficient, and Lorenz Coefficient were used for heterogeneity analysis in the cored intervals of the formation. In addition, the coefficient of variation (CV) based on the petrophysical porosity log was calculated for whole intervals which can be used for heterogeneity index, especially in un-cored intervals. In this study, we checked the relationship between the conventional heterogeneity indices with some parameters including residual oil (Sor), variography, reservoir quality index (RQI), synthetic velocity deviation log (VDL), and skewness for the first time. This study showed that the CV of porosity can be used as reliable heterogeneity index in un-cored intervals. In addition, skewness of porosity and permeability can be used as heterogeneity indicators instead of routine static heterogeneity approaches. The existence of the shale and dolomite influences the reservoir heterogeneity. Moreover, by increasing the range of variography, CV of porosity rises. The VDL (as diagenesis indicator) and Sor have an inverse relationship with the CV of porosity. Therefore, in un-cured intervals various parameters can be used as reservoir heterogeneity indices.
Friction as Energy Dissipation Process Associated with Superlubricity of Solids
Authors: Zhang Bo
Published: August 2023

The paper shows that work in a quantum system is also quantized, the quantum work is equivalent to the Debye energy and the superlubricity of solids is derived from the quantum work. The prerequisite for the superlubricity is that the lateral force at contact surfaces in sliding is less than the Debye force so that the phonon of the solids is not excited.
Analysis of comprehensive operation efficiency of urban environmental sanitation in China
Authors: Wei Chao , Zhao Chen
Published: August 2023

ABASTRACT
With the development of China’s economy, the level of Urban Environmental Sanitation management has far-reaching impact on the ecological environment. The well comprehensive operation efficiency of urban environmental sanitation in China can help China achieve the goal of carbon peak and carbon neutralization. The study applied data envelopment analysis (DEA) and Malmquist productivity index (MPI) to explore the comprehensive operation efficiency of urban environmental sanitation in China. The statistical data of the 31 provinces over the period of 2017 to 2021 are gathered as inputs and outputs of the DEA model and MPI model. It finds out that the mean of comprehensive operation efficiency of urban environmental sanitation in each year during the research period was no DEA efficiency in general. The change trend of MPI from 2017 to 2021 was negative growth. According to MPI and its decomposition of China by nation, Technology Change (Techch) was the main driving factor of MPI growth. Comprehensive operation efficiency of urban environmental sanitation should be expanded and the technology innovation of Urban facilities in China needs to be promoted vigorously.
All optical Majority gate using Quantum dot SOA based Tera hertz Optical Asymmetric Demultiplexer (TOAD)
Authors: Mukherjee Kousik
Published: August 2023

This paper describes design and analysis of all-optical majority gate. Modifications of the design in comparison to conventional design using three AND gates have improved the performance as far as optical majority gate is concerned. The control power the TOAD is optimized by calculating different performance indicating parameters and noise characteristics is also investigated. Optimized values of extinction ratio (~16 dB), amplitude modulation (~0.1dB), quality factor (~20 dB), contrast ratio (~20 dB), and relative eye opening (>97%) show overall efficient performance of the device. The operating speed of the device is 1Tb/s.
Use of a rubber wood fly ash-based geopolymer for stabilizing marginal lateritic soil as green subbase materials
Authors: Tabyang Wisitsak , Kuasakul Tavorn , Sookmanee Pongsak , Laksanakit Chuthamat , Chusilp Nuntachai , Bamrungphon Yongyut , Suksiripattanapong Cherdsak
Published: August 2023

Rubber wood fly ash (RWFA) is one of the main components of biomass ash materials. This research investigates the possibility of using RWFA geopolymer (RWFAG) to stabilize marginal lateritic soil (MLS) as green subbase materials. RWFA was used as a starting material. The studied influence factors included MLS:RWFA ratio, sodium silicate (NS):sodium hydroxide (NH) ratio, soaked and unsoaked conditions, and curing time. The study involved testing the unconfined compressive strength (UCS), indirect tensile strength (ITS), and conducting microstructure. The test results revealed that the optimal liquid content for the MLS-RWFAG specimens ranged between 12–24% for all ingredients. As the RWFA content increased, the maximum dry unit weight of the MLS-RWFAG decreased due to the lower specific gravity of RWFA. The MLS-RWFAG specimen with 30% RWFA content and an NS:NH ratio of 70:30 yielded the maximum UCS and ITS. The SEM-EDS analysis demonstrated the production of C-S-H and N-A-S-H gels, resulting in a dense and homogeneous matrix in the MLS-RWFAG specimens. Considering cost-effectiveness, the optimum ingredients for the MLS-RWFAG specimen were identified at an MLS:RWFA ratio of 70:30 and an NS:NH ratio of 10:90, meeting the 7-day soaked UCS requirement for pavement subbase materials. Moreover, the CO2-eq emissions from MLS-RWFAG specimens were lower compared to those from 3% cement-stabilized MLS samples. These findings strongly support the use of RWFAG as a viable alternative to Portland cement for stabilizing MLS in subbase materials.
Evaluating the Performance of ChatGPT in a Dermatology Specialty Certificate Examination: A Comparative Analysis between English and Korean Language Settings
Authors: Joh Hae Chang , Kim Moon-Hwan , Ko Joo Yeon , Kim Joung Soo , Jue Mihn Sook
Published: August 2023

Artificial intelligence (AI), represented by OpenAI's Chat Generative Pre-trained Transformer (ChatGPT), has shown increasing promise in various fields, including medicine. Although prior studies have investigated ChatGPT’s role in medicine, they have done so only in English, leaving its proficiency in non-English languages relatively unexplored. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate and compare the performance of ChatGPT in responding to dermatology specialty certificate examination (SCE) questions in both English and Korean. A total of 200 dermatology SCE questions were presented to a ChatGPT model in both English and Korean languages. The model's responses were evaluated for correctness, and further analyses were conducted based on cognitive function, evaluation category, and dermatological topics. ChatGPT achieved an overall accuracy of 69.0% and 57.0% for English and Korean questions, respectively. These differences were considered to be statistically significant (p=0.013). However, the sub-analyses results based on cognitive function, evaluation category, and dermatological topics between both languages were not consistent. Thus, although ChatGPT demonstrated considerable accuracy in answering dermatology SCE questions, its performance varied substantially based on the language used. This finding underscores the potential of AI applications in the multilingual medical context of dermatology while also emphasizing the need for further advancements to address language-related limitations.
Giant fronto-spheno-orbitary juvenile psammomatoid ossifying fibroma: case report and literature review
Authors: Arrieta Freddy J. Salge , Fernández Carlos Vior , Lee Paul , Callejas María E. Reguero , Arias Héctor G. Pian , Millán Juan S. Martínez San , Moro Rodrigo Carrasco
Published: August 2023

Juvenile psammomatoid ossifying fibroma (JPOF) is an osteofibrous neoplasm that originates in the craniofacial skeleton typically during the first three decades of life. JPOFs usually involve the orbit, paranasal sinuses or the jaws. Extensive involvement of the anterior cranial base with compromised visual function is a rare phenomenon. In such clinical context, a definite diagnosis can only be made on the basis of histopathological findings, given the absence of pathognomonic radiological features. Despite being considered a benign entity, JPOFs present a locally aggressive behavior. Therefore, these neoplasms must be included in the differential diagnosis in every patient harboring a skull base osteofibrous lesion and, once diagnosed, gross total surgical removal should be attempted. In this study we present our experience in the diagnosis and treatment of a patient diagnosed with a giant JPOF involving the cranial base.
Correlates of thyroid nodules in patients with type 2 diabetes: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Ji Baolan , Tian Chao , Du Wenhua , Zhang Yuanyuan , Ban Bo , Gao Guanqi
Published: August 2023

Background
Diabetes is an independent risk factor for thyroid nodules (TNs), however, the influencing factors of TNs have not been fully clarified under the condition of diabetes. We aimed to explore the correlates of TNs in type 2 diabetes (T2D) patients.
Methods
In this cross-sectional study, 1444 Chinese adults with T2D were included. Clinical and biochemical characteristics were collected. The overall prevalence of TNs was 45.6%. Spearman correlation analysis and logistic regression analysis were used successively to analyze the independent correlates of TNs.
Results
The results from univariate and further logistic regression analyses showed that female (OR: 1.656; 95% CI: 1.255–2.185), age (OR:1.017; 95% CI:1.005–1.030), UA (OR: 0.998; 95% CI: 0.997-1.000), free triiodothyronine (FT3) (OR: 1.400; 95% CI: 1.169–1.675) and peripheral atherosclerosis (PAS) (OR: 1.614; 95% CI: 1.155–2.255) independently correlated with TNs in all patients. Subsequently, stratified by sex and age, the results displayed that FT3 (OR: 1.585 ; 95% CI:1.211–2.073), PAS (OR: 1.759; 95% CI: 1.148–2.695) and duration of diabetes (OR: 1.037; 95% CI: 1.008–1.067) in female while age (OR: 1.020 ; 95% CI: 1.007–1.034) and PAS (OR: 1.802 ; 95% CI: 1.223–2.656) in male, and age (OR: 1.045 ; 95% CI: 1.025–1.065) and female (OR: 1.892; 95% CI: 1.361–2.629) in patients below 60 years old while female (OR: 1.643 ; 95% CI: 1.181–2.284), PAS (OR: 2.077; 95% CI: 1.269–3.401), FT3 (OR: 1.316 ; 95% CI: 1.044–1.661) and magnesium (OR: 7.399; 95% CI: 1.060-51.628 ) over 60 years old, significantly related to TNs. The prevalence of TNs was high in T2D patients.
Conclusions
The independent correlates of TNs were multifactorial, and there existed differences in different physiological states.
Accuracy and safety of a new Robotic arm for both femoral and acetabular side in Total Hip Arthroplasty: A Cadaveric Study
Authors: Lu Xinzhe , Zhang Zian , Wang Wenzhe , Xu Hao , Zhang Haining
Published: August 2023

Background
To investigate the accuracy and safety of a newly constructed robotic arm which can cover the whole process of THA, we performed a series of robot-assisted total hip replacement on the cadaver.
Methods
Fifteen frozen cadaveric specimens (30 hips) were used for this study. In this investigation, United hip system and Longwell robotic-assisted system were used. The entire lower limb was CT scanned prior to surgery. The 3D model was produced based on CT data, the site of the prosthesis, including acetabular anteversion, inclination angle, and the position of femoral prosthesis were planned. With the assistance of a robotic arm, the surgeon changed the parameters based on the preoperative plan and the actual condition during surgery, and completed the whole procedure. Following surgery, we measured the acetabular anteversion angle, acetabular inclination angle, femur anteversion angle, combined anteversion angle, stem angulation, and canal-fill-ratio.
Results
The parameters proved that the acetabular anteversion angle was 16.85 ± 3.00 °, and the acetabular inclination angle was 40.38 ± 5.37 °, femur anteversion angle was 15.90 ± 9.01 °, combined anteversion angle was 32.75 ± 9.03 °, stem angulation was 1.84 ± 0.99 °, leg length discrepancy was 2.47 ± 1.43mm. The canal-fill-rate (CFR) of femoral prosthesis was also satisfactory.
Conclusion
The accuracy and safety of this novel robotic arm are suitable for preparing both the acetabular and femoral sides, providing evidence for clinical trial.
Vehicular Parkig System Using IoT With FCFS and Round Robin Scheduling Algorithms
Authors: Ram Bhupendra , Pundir Manisha
Published: August 2023

We have developed a efficient technique to control vehicular parking system in big cities and crowded metro cities, according to demands and availability of parking slots, by giving services to the users on the basis of FCFS and Round Robin scheduling algorithms, with the help of IoT based vehicular parking system. Given paper shows IoT based vehicular parking model using FCFS and Round Robin scheduling algorithms. By using this technique we can help people’s vehicles to allocate available slots in parking area on online booking. In this model we are using ultrasonic sensors and IR sensors. By the help of these sensors we can detect parking slots in parking locations and it also allow us vehicle allotment in the parking slots on the basis of FCFS and Round Robin scheduling algorithms. By using these algorithms in our model we have shown in many scenario that these new technique has improved vehicle search time and energy consumption compare than old and conventional technique
Investigation of the physicochemical properties of aqueous solutions of sodium salt of carboxymethyl starch obtained in the solid phase by viscometric methods
Authors: Saparov Sanjar , Makhkamov Muzaffar
Published: August 2023

By chemical modification of corn starch with sodium monochloroacetate in the solid phase, samples of sodium salt of carboxymethyl starch (Na-CMS) with different degrees of substitution (DS) were synthesized. In the synthesis of Na-CMS, solvents such as water, methanol, ethanol, butanol, and isopropyl alcohol were used as humectants in the reaction mixture. The viscosity of dilute aqueous solutions of Na-CMS was studied by capillary viscometry. It is shown that dilute solutions of Na-CMS exhibit properties characteristic of polyelectrolytes. The rheological properties of aqueous solutions of the synthesized Na-CMS samples were studied by the method of rotational viscometry. By changing the shear rate gradient over a wide range, the values of the shear stress and the effective viscosity of the solutions at different temperatures were determined. At the same time, the obtained data showed that aqueous solutions of Na-CMS belong to non-Newtonian liquids in the entire studied temperature range. It was also found that the dynamic viscosity of Na-CMS solutions decreases with an increase in their DS. The activation energy of the viscous flow of Na-CMS solutions was determined, the value of which shows that the polymer macromolecules interact with each other through hydrogen bonds.
The Mediating Effects of Perceived Social Support and Shame on Psychological Distress and their Dimensions among Liberian Refugees in Nigeria
Authors: Yarseah Dogbahgen Alphonso , Ogunsanmi Joyce Olufunke , Ibimiluyi Olu Francis , Olaoye Elijah Olawale , Ezeani Esu Stanley , Ogunsanmi Ololade Omolayo
Published: August 2023

PURPOSE: Liberian refugees have lived in Nigeria since the 1990s experiencing unemployment, discrimination, stigmatization, and emotional and psychological challenges. Perceived social support (PSS) is a crucial cognitive factor that mediates the relationship between the experience of shame and psychological distress. However, there is a paucity of literature on the mediating effects of PSS and shame on psychological distress and their domain-specificities among Liberian refugees. In closing these knowledge gaps, this study aimed to examine the mediating effect of PSS and shame on psychological distress and their domain-specificities among Liberian refugees in Nigeria.
METHODS: Using a quantitative research approach, we collected data through questionnaires from 520 participants, including 334 males and 186 females, in the refugee camp in Nigeria.
RESULTS: Our findings revealed partial mediation between shame and psychological distress. The dimension of PSS was negatively associated with the dimensions of psychological distress and shame, while the dimension of shame was positively related to the dimension of psychological distress. In addition, behavior shame was positively related to the dimensions of PSS. However, family support failed to associate with anxiety and bodily shame.
CONCLUSIONS: shame is a pathological social emotion that increases psychological distress without the presence of PSS. However, PSS has a potential influence in decreasing psychological distress and shame. This study's finding aligns with the IFS theory that culminated in the need for connected relationships with Family, friends, and significant others to manage the shameful parts and psychological distress.
The influence of pubertal timing on self-identity among junior high school girls: mediating effects of parenting styles
Authors: Ling Hui , Zhou Caiping , Li Haibin , Zhou Yuxia , Long Ke , Yang Hongjun
Published: August 2023

Based on the pubertal timing mediation hypothesis, this study explored the influence of pubertal timing on self-identity among junior high school girls, and explored the role of parenting styles in this relationship. The Pubertal Development Scale (PDS), Short-Egna Minnen Beträffande Uppfostran for Children (s-EMBU-C), and the Extend Objective Measure of Ego Identity Status-2 (EOM-EIS-2) were used to measure seventh, eighth, and ninth-grade students in nine junior high schools in Hunan and Anhui provinces, and a total of 1000 questionnaires were distributed and 733 valid questionnaires were collected. Results revealed that there was a significant correlation between pubertal timing and self-identity, and parenting style mediated the relationship between pubertal timing and self-identity. Maternal rejection partially mediated the relationship between early puberty and consciousness diffusion, and also partially mediated the relationship between early puberty and overall diffusion. The findings indicated that Early puberty can affect not only the diffusion of consciousness and the overall diffusion of girls, but also the diffusion of consciousness and the overall diffusion of girls through maternal rejection.
Antibiotic prophylaxis after 48 hours postoperatively are not associated with decreased surgical site infections and other healthcare associated infections in pancreatic surgery patients: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Ma Xiaoju , He Qiangsheng , Chen Youpeng , Lu Yan , Zhu Ping , Zhang Ji , Chen Wen-sen , Zhang Yongxiang , Zhang Wei-hong , Zhu Chuanlong , Li Qiang , Li Zhanjie
Published: August 2023

Background
It is controversial whether antibiotic should be used prophylactically 48 hours after pancreatic surgery. Hence, We evaluated the association of antibiotic prophylaxis (AP) after 48 hours postoperatively with the incidence of surgical site infections (SSIs) and other healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) in patients receiving pancreatic surgery.
Methods
A retrospective cohort analysis was performed on 1073 patients who underwent pancreatic surgery. These patients were categorized into non-postoperative AP group (963) and postoperative AP group (110) based on whether or not they obtained AP from 48 hours to 30 days after surgery. Outcomes included SSIs and other HAIs.
Results
The incidence of SSIs was lower in the non-postoperative AP group (98/963, 10.2%) than in the postoperative AP group (22/110, 20.0%) (P = 0.002). Other HAIs incidence was not significantly different between the non-postoperative AP group (77/963, 8.0%) and the postoperative AP group (11/110, 10.0%) (P = 0.468). Multiple regression analysis demonstrated that postoperative AP was a risk factor for SSIs (OR = 2.14, 95%CI = 1.28–3.59) but not with other HAIs (OR = 1.24, 95%CI = 0.63–2.42) after adjustment for age, gender and diabetes. Subsequent to adjustment for all confounding factors, postoperative AP was not a risk factor for SSIs (OR = 2.42, 95%CI = 0.79–7.37) and other HAIs (OR = 4.10, 95%CI = 0.98–17.22).
Conclusions
Postoperative AP following pancreatic surgery was not associated with the lower morbidity rate of SSIs and other HAIs. Nonetheless, this study may facilitate further development of strategies towards standardization of the duration of AP management of pancreatic surgery.
HIV type 1 drug resistance monitoring in a HIV-1 endemic settings of Kisii, Kenya
Authors: Mabeya Sepha Nyatichi , Abongwa Lem Edith , Wekesa Raphael Lihana , Nyamache Anthony Kebira
Published: August 2023

Background:
Following the improved access to combined antiretroviral therapy (cART) in poor resource limited countries, emergence of HIV drug resistance has been observed and hence limiting the benefit of effective treatment. This study assessed the prevalence and patterns of acquired HIV drug resistance among patient on first-line antiretroviral drugs after twelve months of follow up in Kisii Teaching and referral clinic, Kisii County, Kenya
Methodology:
A longitudinal study with two time CD4 and viral load counts were conducted in a period of 12 months to determine treatment failure and drug resistance during the period between 2018 and 2019. Adults receiving combined first-line antiretroviral treatment at Kisii, Kenya recruited. A Structured questionnaire was administered and demographic data collected. HIV-1 pol genotyping for drug resistance were performed using in-house PCR protocol.
Results:
A total of 75 patients were recruited with a mean age of 36.9 years during the period between 2018 and 2019. Among these patients taking first-line drug, drug-associated mutations for NRTIs occurred in 21 (28%) patients and NNRTIs in 25 (33.3%) patients (33.3%).. Among them, nine (9) patient’s harboured viral strains having both major NNRI and NNRTI drug resistance mutations with four experiencing virological failure. The most frequent major NNRTIs mutation was the TAMs K219Q (n = 13) mutation. The TUM mutans T215K (n = 5), K70R (n = 3), and D67N (n = 1) were also found. The K65R NAMs was also found in patients (n = 2). The T215K (n = 5), K70R (n = 3), and D67N (n = 1) were among the additional TAMs found. The K65R NAMs was also found in patients (n = 2). The most frequent major NNRTI mutation detected was K103N (n = 9), followed by Y181F (n = 6), G190V (n = 5), and n = 2 for each of L100P, K101E, V108A, and Y188H. Also found were other relative non-polymorphic accessory mutations (n = 2) A98G,
Conclusions:
The study's findings demonstrated that the studied population had a low level of acquired HIV treatment resistance. HIV drug resistance would be easily managed if UNAIDS' 95%-95%-95% HIV prevention policy were perfectly implemented.
Exploring Adverse Events Of Remdesivir In Covid-19 Patients: A Comprehensive Global Analysis
Authors: Malvade Pratik V. , Palve Atish S. , Navale Abhijit S. , Musmade Prajwal S. , Muntode Prasad J. , Joshi Rohit S. , Kadam Suraj R. , Ghogare Sudarshan G. , Pande Akshay D.
Published: August 2023

Background: The emergence of COVID-19, stemming from SARS-CoV-2, has triggered a global pandemic, urging rapid therapeutic interventions. Remdesivir, a nucleotide analog prodrug, garnered attention for its potential against COVID-19 due to in vitro efficacy against coronaviruses. This study reviews Remdesivir's adverse effects in COVID-19 patients.
Methodology: While Remdesivir shows promise, recent studies raise efficacy concerns. Adverse drug event (ADE) documentation is vital due to limited pre-pandemic ADE data. WHO VigiBase® analysis (2015-2020) and COVID-19 ADE studies were undertaken, focusing on age, severity, region, and organ impact. 1086 ADEs emerged from 439 case reports by July 19, 2020, in VigiBase®, reducing to 1004 after duplicates were removed. ADEs primarily related to COVID-19 patients (92.5%), notably from the Americas (67.7%). Mainly in males above 45, ADEs were serious (82.5%). Key ADEs encompassed elevated hepatic enzymes (32.1%), renal damage (14.4%), increased creatinine levels (11.2%), and respiratory failure (6.4%).
Conclusion: Liver and kidney function deterioration emerged as frequent ADEs, underscoring the need for vigilance during Remdesivir treatment. These findings align with regulatory documents. In sum, COVID-19 has prompted swift therapeutic responses, with Remdesivir being explored as a potential treatment. This study sheds light on associated ADEs, highlighting the importance of monitoring and informed decision-making.
Structural Design and Analysis of Below-knee Prosthetic Leg in Mechanical System
Authors: Mondal Sujan , Sikder Antima , Das Soumik , Ray Ankita , Das Sourav
Published: August 2023

Background
A prosthetic leg is not a counterfeit appendage but rather than an artificial limb, that is connected where the leg has been excised due to an injury accident, sickness, or other medical reasons. Presently, prosthetics offer an option for people with an amputee to enable them living in a conventional life. Prosthetic legs can vary in complexity and design depending on the level of amputation, needs and goals of the individual as well as their lifestyle and activities.
Research Design and Methods:
In this study, we aimed to develop a structural design and analysis of below knee prosthetic leg that can provide adequate support and mobility to amputees. The 3D experience software Solidworks is used for structural design of the prosthetic and Finite Element Analysis (FEA) is employed to simulate the performance under various loading conditions.
Results
The analytical result demonstrates the functionality of the prosthetic leg and highlights the safety measure of the body structure that meets high standards of performance, durability, and regulatory compliance.
Limitations:
The design and drafting of the model is done only in silico (computer) methods. Further, static analysis of the prototype model is evaluated using Solidworks simulation (version 2016). Actual analysis (real-life analysis) of the prototype is not structured in this paper.
Conclusion
This study represents a modern generation and approvingly operational pneumatic prosthetic leg. Technological evolution has led to the development of more advanced prosthetics to improve the human mankind who have amputees.
End-of-day Far-red Lighting with a Low Daily Light Integral Increases Stem Length But Does Not Promote Early Leaf Expansion for Petunia ×hybrida Seedlings
Authors: Percival Anthony C. , Craver Joshua K.
Published: August 2023

Greenhouse production of high-quality young annual bedding plants (plugs) at northern latitudes often requires supplemental lighting to compensate for a low natural daily light integral (DLI), but radiation interception by plugs is limited by a low leaf area index. Some species show an increase in leaf area in response to growth under a low ratio of red to far-red radiation (R:FR), and an early increase in leaf area may allow for more effective radiation capture by seedlings and a reduction in wasted radiation. Thus, the objective of this study was to examine the effects of end-of-day far-red (EOD-FR) radiation treatments varying in intensity, R:FR (600–700 nm/700–780 nm), and duration on early leaf expansion and plug quality for petunia (Petunia ×hybrida) ‘Wave Purple’ and ‘Dreams Midnight’. Seedlings were grown in 128-cell trays in a common greenhouse environment under a simulated winter DLI (∼5.3 mol·m−2·s−1) and received one of four EOD-FR treatments, control conditions (no EOD-FR or supplemental lighting), or supplemental lighting (target photosynthetic photon flux density of 70 μmol·m−2·s−1). The EOD-FR treatments were provided for 3 weeks on cotyledon emergence and included the following: 10 μmol·m−2·s−1 of far-red radiation for 30 minutes with a R:FR of ∼0.8 (EODFL), 10 or 20 μmol·m−2·s−1 of far-red radiation for 30 minutes with a R:FR of ∼0.15 (EOD10:30 and EOD20:30, respectively), or 20 μmol·m−2·s−1 of far-red radiation for 240 minutes with a R:FR of ∼0.15 (EOD20:240). Destructive data were collected 14 and 21 days after cotyledon emergence. Seedlings that received EOD-FR treatments did not show any increase in leaf area compared with control or supplemental lighting treatments. Stem length generally increased under EOD-FR treatments compared with supplemental lighting and control treatments; greater elongation was observed when the R:FR decreased from 0.8 to 0.15, and when treatment duration increased from 30 minutes to 240 minutes. However, at a R:FR of 0.15 and a treatment duration of 30 minutes, an increase in far-red radiation intensity from 10 to 20 μmol·m−2·s−1 did not promote further stem elongation resulting in similar stem lengths for both cultivars under EOD10:30 and EOD20:30. Results of this study indicate that under low DLIs, EOD-FR radiation applied in the first 3 weeks of seedling production does not promote early leaf area expansion, and generally decreases seedling quality for petunia. As responses to far-red radiation may vary based on study taxa, incident radiation, and DLI, future research examining EOD-FR–induced morphological changes is warranted.
Introduction to Hamiltonian formulation of general relativity and homogeneous cosmologies
Authors: Jha Rishabh
Published: August 2023

We give a pedagogical introduction to the Hamiltonian formalism of general relativity at an advanced undergraduate and graduate levels. After covering the mathematical pre-requisites as well as the 3+1-decomposition of spacetime, we proceed to discuss the Arnowitt-Deser-Misner (ADM) formalism (a Hamiltonian approach) of general relativity. Then we proceed to give a brief but self-contained introduction to homogeneous (but not necessarily isotropic) universes and discuss the associated Bianchi classification. We first study their dynamics in the Lagrangian formulation, followed by the Hamiltonian formulation to show the equivalence of both approaches. We present a variety of examples to illustrate the ADM formalism: (i) free & massless scalar field coupled to homogeneous (in particular, Bianchi IX) universe, (ii) scalar field with a potential term coupled to Bianchi IX universe, (iii) electromagnetic field coupled to gravity in general, and (iv) electromagnetic field coupled to Bianchi IX universe.
From conventional to Islamic banks: Factors affecting customer interests and decision making in selecting banks
Authors: M. Muhdar H. , Darmono  , Mardiana Andi , Muin Rahmawati , Darwis Rizal
Published: August 2023

The phenomenon of increasing customers of take-over financing from conventional banks to Islamic banks is an interesting trend to study. This research purpose is to investigate the influence of murabahah financing margins, customer religiosity to customer interest and decision making. The method used is a sequential mixed method. The instrument quantitative is a questionnaire, and the qualitative method is an interview. 199 pensioner customers participated in the survey. Internal consistency is measured by Cronbach’s alpha value. The accuracy of the structural equation modeling (SEM) and hypothesis testing was evaluated using AMOS version 23. The research findings indicate, there was a significant influence between customer religiosity on customer interest and customer interest on decision making. Meanwhile, the murabahah financing margin has no significant influence on customer interest and decision making, as well as between customer religiosity and decision making. Murabahah financing margins and customer religiosity have an influence of significance when mediated by the variable of customer interest. In conclusion, Murabahah financing margin, and customer religiosity does not have a direct significant influence on decision making without being mediated by the variable of customer interest. These results indicate that Islamic bank managers can take advantage of this research variable to increase customer interest so that customer decision making also increases. This study has practical implications for conventional banks and sharia banks. Sharia banks are an opportunity to attract customers from conventional banks, while conventional banks are a challenge because their customers have the potential to take over Islamic banks.
AcknowledgmentsThe authors are grateful to the Rector of the State Islamic Institute of Sultan Amai Gorontalo, and the State Islamic University of Alauddin Makassar for funding this research collaboratively, and to the respondents who have taken the time to fill out the research questionnaire so that research data can be collected.
Digital entrepreneurship: Socio-demographics and consumer behavior in Indonesia
Authors: Azwardi  , Andaiyani Sri , Mahdi Igamo Alghifari
Published: August 2023

Consumer characteristics of digital entrepreneurship are indispensable in achieving sustainable growth. Digital entrepreneurship has been rapidly growing and developing worldwide, and Indonesia is no exception. This study aims to determine the effect of socio-demographics on consumer decisions on using products and services of digital entrepreneurship in Indonesia. The study used an online survey of 400 residents of Palembang City, Indonesia. The respondents were selected through a stratified random sampling method. A logistic regression model is estimated to determine the effect of socio-demographic variables that promote start-up entrepreneurship. The empirical results show that age, education, and income have a significant effect on consumers of digital entrepreneurship. The results also confirm that young people are more likely than older people to set up digital entrepreneurship. The higher people’s income and higher their education, the greater their likelihood of using products and services of digital entrepreneurship. The implication is that digital entrepreneurs must consider the reach of consumers to the products and services offered in terms of price, quality, uniqueness, and convenience per socio-demographic conditions.
AcknowledgmentThe research team would like to thank the Directorate of Resources, Directorate General Higher Education, Research and Technology Ministry of Education, Culture, Research and Technology as the funder, with Contract number 009/E4.1/AK.04.RA/2021.
Análise dos aspectos administrativos, econômicos, jurídicos e sociais que dificultam a ocorrência de uma crise hipotecária no Brasil
Authors: Bykowski dos Santos Luís Ricardo , Oliveira Lurival José de
Published: August 2023

Neste artigo foram abordados os aspectos administrativos, econômicos, jurídicos e sociais que inibiram eventual crise relacionada à garantia hipotecária no Brasil no que se refere aos financiamentos imobiliários e, em especial, a eventual necessidade de intervenção do Estado no mercado econômico. A pesquisa justificou-se em razão da possibilidade da ocorrência do citado evento em solo pátrio, nos moldes do colapso ocorrido nos Estados Unidos em 2008, que causou consequências devastadoras para aquela economia. Nessa perspectiva, a investigação mostrou-se importante e apresentou os motivos e dificuldade da recuperação do capital emprestado na hipoteca e de uma atual e ampla utilização do contrato de alienação fiduciária oferecido pelas instituições financeiras brasileiras como uma alternativa para aquisição de imóveis e que contribuíram para a não ocorrência de uma crise imobiliária em terras brasileiras. Por derradeiro, o estudo utilizou o método dedutivo, com pesquisas bibliográficas principalmente em obras jurídicas e econômicas, dentro de uma análise que tomou como matriz o ocorrido nos Estados Unidos da América do Norte em comparação com o sistema brasileiro, no que respeita à comparação entre os dois processos de financiamento imobiliário.
Synthesis of New Fatty N-Acylamino Amides from 3,4-Dichloroaniline with Crop Protection Activity
Authors: de Melo Amanda
Published: August 2023

A series of biologically active N-acylamino amides were synthesized from readily available amino acids and common fatty acids from oil seeds, including the pharmacophoric group in the family of herbicides propanil, linuron, and diuron. The esterification followed by N-acylation with long-chain fatty acids was carried out with O-(benzotriazole-1-yl)-N,N,N’,N’-tetramethyluronium tetrafluoroborate (TBTU) as activating agent. The N-acylamino esters were synthesized and isolated in good yields (70-98%), which after the hydrolysis step, provided the N-acylamino acids. Finally, new N-acylamino amides were obtained from the reaction with 3,4-dichloroaniline in the presence of TBTU and N,N-diisopropylethylamine (DIPEA), in yields between 24-83%. Bioassays were conducted against arthropod strawberry pests Chaetosiphon fragaefolii, Duponchelia fovealis, and Drosophila suzukii, without any registered compound for use in strawberry crops in Brazil. The bioassay studies showed promising results, with mortality percentages ranging from 20-80%, and the best relative mortality by N-oleyl glycinamide, suggesting a possible fatty chain-amino acid synergistic bioactivity. Overall, this study provides an efficient and sustainable method for synthesizing biologically active N-acylamino amides from abundant natural sources, with potential applications in the development of ecofriendly agrochemicals.
Structure of the Supreme Authorities in the First Period of Russian Statehood
Authors: Solodova G
Published: August 2023

Interest in political history and the supreme state power is growing due to the recognition of the state importance. The purpose of the article is to analyze the structure of the supreme authorities in the first period of Russian statehood. The research references studies of the early Slavic statehood. In the first period of Russian statehood, the supreme power incorporated contractual relations, joint rule, elements of politia and social self-organization. The structure of the supreme authorities was threefold. The combination of various elements of power provided legitimacy and manageability. The structure of the governing bodies included elements of collegial and sole power, representation, advisory institutions. The research of the past provides material for identifying historical patterns and their presence nowadays.
Correlation Between the Phenomena of Market and Institutional Corruption in Modern Society: Political Analysis
Authors: Chirun Sergey , Gladkikh Sergey
Published: August 2023

The article explores the possibility that the subjects of managerial decision-making have an objective need for the institutionalization of corruption. The authors consider the issues of integrating institutional corruption into the managerial and political-legal subsystems, which leads to multiple functional distortions in the system of state institutions in the interests of latent structures. The purpose of the article is a comparative analysis of the two main types of corruption in modern society. The authors use a neo-institutional methodological approach characterized by the principle of methodological individualism and a number of scientific methods. Although market corruption exerts a certain financial burden on business, it does not violate the principles of market competition. Institutional corruption may hypothetically not impose additional financial burden on business, but it introduces significant restrictions on the competitive environment itself. Progress in the fight against corruption is possible only if civil society interacts with state authorities and institutions, and the values of civic activism are actualized in the socio-political participation of citizens.
Modern Trends in Russian Fintech
Authors: Korobeynikova Ol'ga , Panova Panova Natalya , Shemet Ekaterina
Published: August 2023

Commitment of leading Russian and foreign companies to digital business models confirms that fintech is a driver for the digital economy and socio-economic development. Under growing exogenous uncertainties and  sanctions to the financial sector, assessing the current trends and prospects in fintech is of particular interest. The article uses statistical and analytical methods to evaluate the empirical data, gathered by the Federal State Statistics Service, the Bank of Russia, and different experts. Until 2022, the fintech market in Russia was the leader in attracting venture capital funding. The authors identified three waves of market shocks in the current development of the Russian fintech market. Fintech companies overcome each subsequent shock much faster than the previous one, which indicates a high inherent adaptability. The article highlights trends in business, fintech, information and communication technologies, typical for the modern Russian economy. Despite the high volatility of the current period, in terms of the fintech solutions development Russia remains competitive. The development of independent technologies and services by the IT and financial markets, preferentially regulated by the Bank of Russia, seems feasible and viable.
The Genesis of Marketing in the Context of Strengthening its Role in Managing Employees
Authors: Cherepanov Arkadiy , Rehtina Galina
Published: August 2023

The article presents an understanding of the essence of marketing, taking into account its increased role in the management of employees. The subject of the article is the concept of personnel management and the connection between personnel marketing, human resource marketing, and human capital marketing. The purpose of the article is to analyze the genesis of employees marketing and develop a definition of the human capital marketing concept. Methods of analysis of theoretical sources, systematization and generalization of previously published results are used. The article systemizes the employee marketing elements depending on the concept of personnel management. The author’s vision of the essence of human capital marketing is given. The perception of the organization’s management of people in the organization through the prism of human capital marketing builds an attitude towards employees as internal clients, sources of the company’s assets; candidates for vacant positions are viewered as potential consumers. The article is part of the research conducted by the authors over the past years.