bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Establishing linkages between circular economy practices and sustainable performance: the moderating role of circular economy entrepreneurship
Authors: Le Thanh Tiep , Behl Abhishek , Pereira Vijay
Published: June 2022

Purpose

This paper aims to examine the mechanism of how circular economy practices (CEP) and circular economy entrepreneurship (CEE) promote sustainable supply chain management (SCM) and facilitate sustainable performance (SP) for small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in the food value chain in emerging economy. In this context, this mechanism involves the mediating role of sustainable SCM in the relationship between CEP and SP. Simultaneously, it involves the moderating role of CEE in the link between CEP and sustainable SCM.

Design/methodology/approach

The paper follows a quantitative approach. Based on systematic literature review on the field, the nexus amongst the constructs were proposed. The Smart partial least square (PLS) version 3.3.2 was employed to analyze structural equation modeling (SEM) to investigate the relationships between constructs and latent variables. There were 457 valid responses obtained from the survey participants, those are managers at senior and middle levels. The data collected was then used for quantitative analysis and assessment.

Findings

The main finding of this study is twofold. First, it sheds light on how CEE associates in strengthening the influence of CEP on sustainable SCM. By this way, the better the CEE, the stronger the impact of the CEP on the sustainable SCM, leading to long-term sustainability. Second, it reveals how sustainable SCM mediates the link between CEP and SP. By this way, the better the CEP, the more the SCM is sustainable, ultimately leading to SP. This contribution is paramount because experimental research on this mechanism has not been intensively explored in the current literature.

Originality/value

The originality of this study is the provision of scientific knowledge and practical mechanisms for the introduction and application of CEP to business behaviors and practices in a real-world context that exists as a research gap in the current literature. In this respect, this study contributes to expanding the existing literature in the field by providing empirical evidence for the mechanism as stated. Furthermore, it provides a practical mechanism for SMEs in given context to enable them apply efficiently the circular economy perspective to their businesses to help them achieve SP. These contributions may be of interest to business practitioners, business leaders, academics and policymakers in the areas that are of their concerns.
Enhancing participation intentions in online brand communities
Authors: Kumar Vikas
Published: June 2022

Purpose

This study conceptualizes and validates a model of participation intentions in online brand communities by including perceived brand authenticity and consumer-brand relationship as its antecedents.

Design/methodology/approach

Data were collected from different online brand communities' members. In total, 465 responses were analyzed through structural equation modeling.

Findings

The study's findings establish that the continuity, credibility, and integrity dimensions of perceived brand authenticity significantly strengthen the consumer-brand relationship, which ultimately influences the consumers' participation intentions in online brand communities.

Research limitations/implications

Future research should examine the applicability of the proposed model to the customer-created online brand communities. Consumer participation intentions may be compared across product categories.

Originality/value

The findings contribute to the emerging and important area in marketing by highlighting the importance of brand authenticity and consumer-brand relationship in developing an urge to participate in online brand communities.
A look at student performance during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Cavanaugh Joseph , Jacquemin Stephen , Junker Christine
Published: June 2022

Purpose

This study aims to use self-reported publicly available student assessment data from the time period when there was an abrupt change in instructional method at the start of COVID-19 to assess potential for differences as a result of course delivery mode.

Design/methodology/approach

A general linear model using 837 student evaluations from 191 US public higher education institutions investigates the impact on student performance and how performance was related to a number of covariates, namely, online experience of instructor prior to shut downs, discipline of study and size of institution.

Findings

The analysis finds an overall grade point average (GPA) increase of 0.10 (out of 4.0) associated with the shift away from face-to-face instruction. In exploring potential covariates, only institutional size was significant in explaining this increase in GPA. This supports the notion that despite hardships inherent with the abrupt switch to online education across the country that student grades as a whole did not suffer.

Research limitations/implications

The source of data was self-reported. In addition, GPA is an imperfect measure of student learning. Despite this, because GPA is highly correlated with student satisfaction, retention and matriculation, it is relevant.

Practical implications

This study suggests that the rapid transition to online instruction did not negatively impact student performance and may have marginally increased these marks. These findings were cross-disciplinary and not influenced by the instructor’s prior online teaching experience. These findings support the idea that institutions and instructors should be more willing to use a variety of delivery modes going forward.

Originality/value

The data set used is uniquely large and varied in the number of institutions, professors, students and discipline. The COVID-19-induced transition from largely in-class instruction to mostly online or remote instruction allowed for a natural experiment that eliminates the sample selection problem associated with most other instructional method comparison studies.
Focal facial dermal dysplasias type III: Two families with Setleis syndrome in China
Authors: Cao Qiaoyu , Zhang Shuai , Wang Jianbo , Wang Yumeng , Pan Chaolan , Wang Xinyi , Zhao Anqi , Chen Xiao , Qin Pingping , Zhang Shoumin , Yao Zhirong , Lv Dong , Yang Yali , Li Ming
Published: June 2022

Focal facial dermal dysplasias type III (FFDD III), commonly known as Setleis syndrome (SS; Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man #227260), is a type of focal facial dermal dysplasia, characterized by bitemporal atrophic skin lesion. The homozygous mutations in the TWIST2 gene and copy number variants (CNV) at chromosome 1p36.22p36.21 were reported as the pathogenic mechanism. In this study, we collected DNA samples from a large Chinese family affected by FFDD and found no mutation of TWSIT2. To determine the underlying genetic cause, we performed a multipoint parameter linkage analysis and haplotype analysis of the family 1 and mapped SS to a region Chr1:14.074–20.524cM (rs2401090–rs2294642). Copy number variant was identified by Sanger sequencing, which breakpoints were Chr1:11695972 and Chr1:11829858. The region contains eight genes, including FBXO2, FBXO44, FBXO6, MAD2L2, DRAXIN, AK125437, AGTRAP, and C1orf167. There were no candidate gene mutations of the second family with SS. Our study further reduced the size of CNV resulting in SS (Chr1:11696993–11829858) and focused on eight genes.
Following the flow—Microbial ecology in surface‐ and groundwaters in the glacial forefield of a rapidly retreating glacier in Iceland
Authors: Purkamo Lotta , Ó Dochartaigh Brighid , MacDonald Alan , Cousins Claire
Published: June 2022

The retreat of glaciers in response to climate change has major impacts on the hydrology and ecosystems of glacier forefield catchments. Microbes are key players in ecosystem functionality, supporting the supply of ecosystem services that glacier systems provide. The interaction between surface and groundwaters in glacier forefields has only recently gained much attention, and how these interactions influence the microbiology is still unclear. Here, we identify the microbial communities in groundwater from shallow (<15 m deep) boreholes in a glacial forefield floodplain (‘sandur’) aquifer at different distances from the rapidly retreating Virkisjökull glacier, Iceland, and with varying hydraulic connectivity with the glacial meltwater river that flows over the sandur. Groundwater communities are shown to differ from those in nearby glacial and non‐glacial surface water communities. Groundwater–meltwater interactions and groundwater flow dynamics affect the microbial community structure, leading to different microbial communities at different sampling points in the glacier forefield. Groundwater communities differ from those in nearby glacial and non‐glacial surface waters. Functional potential for microbial nitrogen and methane cycling was detected, although the functional gene copy numbers of specific groups were low.
Aesthetica andeudaimonia: Education for flourishing must include the arts
Authors: D'Olimpio Laura
Published: June 2022

The point of education is to support students to be able to live meaningful, autonomous lives, filled with rich experiences. The arts and aesthetic education are vital to such flourishing lives in that they afford bold, beautiful, moving experiences of awe, wonder and the sublime that are connected to the central human functional capability Nussbaum labels senses, imagination and thought. Everyone ought to have the opportunity to learn about art, to appreciate and create art, to critique art and to understand how we are connected to the culture of our society. A life without art is unimaginable, and to the extent that people lack aesthetic experiences, their lives are impoverished, not ‘fully human’. Given that the distinctive value of art objects is that they afford aesthetic experience, it is upon this foundation that an argument ought to be mounted as to why schooling needs the arts, specialised teachers, and all students deserve aesthetic education. Therefore, in this paper, I offer a defence of compulsory aesthetic education across the curriculum on the basis of the aesthetic experiences the arts afford, and the central role such experiences play in eudaimonia—the flourishing life.
Equity before ‘Equity’
Authors: Humphreys Stephen
Published: June 2022

The notion of ‘equity’ is undergoing conceptual repositioning in international law today, embracing individuals as well as states and gaining an association with human rights and the politics of protest. In the context of these developments, the present paper enquires into the premodern roots of this ancient and rich term through three historical vignettes: first, the emergence of aequitas in Roman law – as a source of law anchored in analogy and empathy – and in particular its relevance to the ambiguous status of slaves; second, the importance of ‘natural equity’ to the consolidation of ‘natural rights’ during the Franciscan poverty debate in 14th century Europe, and finally, ‘common equity’ in the rights‐based constitutional order proposed by the Levellers in 1640s England. In its root sense, I conclude, what we might call ‘radical equity’ has historically lent itself to trenchant critique of the law, centred on the individual as subject of right.
Streamlining analysis methods for large acoustic surveys using automatic detectors with operator validation
Authors: Webber Thomas , Gillespie Douglas , Lewis Timothy , Gordon Jonathan , Ruchirabha Tararak , Thompson Kirsten F.
Published: June 2022

Passive acoustic surveys are becoming increasingly popular as a means of surveying for cetaceans and other marine species. These surveys yield large amounts of data, the analysis of which is time consuming and can account for a substantial proportion of the survey budget. Semi‐automatic processes enable the bulk of processing to be conducted automatically while allowing analyst time to be reserved for validating and correcting detections and classifications.

Existing modules within the Passive Acoustic Monitoring software PAMGuard were used to process a large (25.4 Terabyte) dataset collected during towed acoustic ship transits. The recently developed ‘Multi‐Hypothesis Tracking Click Train Detector’ and the ‘Whistle and Moan Detector’ modules were used to identify occasions within the dataset at which vocalising toothed whales (odontocetes) were likely to be acoustically present. These putative detections were then reviewed by an analyst, with false positives being corrected. Target motion analysis provided a perpendicular distance to odontocete click events enabling the estimation of detection functions for both sperm whales and delphinids. Detected whistles were assigned to the lowest taxonomical level possible using the PAMGuard ‘Whistle Classifier’ module.

After an initial tuning process, this semi‐automatic method required 91 hr of an analyst's time to manually review both automatic click train and whistle detections from 1,696 hr of survey data. Use of the ‘Multi‐Hypothesis Tracking Click Train Detector’ reduced the amount of data for the analyst to search by 74.5%, while the ‘Whistle and Moan Detector’ reduced data to search by 85.9%. In total, 443 odontocete groups were detected, of which 55 were from sperm whale groups, six were from beaked whales, two were from porpoise and the remaining 380 were identified to the level of delphinid group. An effective survey strip half width of 3,277 and 699 m was estimated for sperm whales and delphinids respectively.

The semi‐automatic workflow proved successful, reducing the amount of analyst time required to process the data, significantly reducing overall project costs. The workflow presented here makes use of existing modules within PAMGuard, a freely available and open‐source software, readily accessible to acoustic analysts.
Mortality in the SuperMIX cohort of people who inject drugs in Melbourne, Australia: a prospective observational study
Authors: Hill Penelope L. , Stoové Mark , Agius Paul A. , Maher Lisa , Hickman Matthew , Crawford Sione , Dietze Paul
Published: June 2022

Aims

To measure mortality rates and factors associated with mortality risk among participants in the SuperMIX study, a prospective cohort study of people who inject drugs.

Design

A prospective observational study using self‐reported behavioural and linked mortality data.

Setting

Melbourne, Australia.

Participants/cases

A total of 1209 people who inject drugs (67% male) followed‐up between 2008 and 2019 for 6913 person‐years (PY).

Measurements

We linked participant identifiers from SuperMIX to the Australian National Death Index and estimated all‐cause and drug‐related mortality rates and standardized mortality ratios (SMRs). We used Cox regression to examine associations between mortality and fixed and time‐varying socio‐demographic, alcohol and other drug use and health service‐related exposures.

Findings

Between 2008 and 2019 there were 76 deaths in the SuperMIX cohort. Of those with a known cause of death (n = 68), 35 (51%) were drug‐related, yielding an all‐cause mortality rate of 1.1 per 100 PY [95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.88–1.37] with an estimated SMR of 16.64 (95% CI = 13.29–20.83) and overall accidental drug‐induced mortality rate of 0.5 per 100 PY (95% CI = 0.36–0.71). Reports of recent use of ambulance services [adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) = 3.77, 95% CI =1.78–7.97] and four or more incarcerations (aHR = 2.78, 95% CI = 1.55–4.99) were associated with increased mortality risk.

Conclusions

In Melbourne, Australia, mortality among people who inject drugs appears to be positively associated with recent ambulance attendance and experience of incarceration.
Trends in ferritin measurements in children and adolescents: A Finnish 9‐year observational study
Authors: Nikkilä Atte , Lohi Olli , Nieminen Niina , Csonka Péter
Published: June 2022

Aim

A lack of stored iron, indicated by low serum ferritin, has been associated with various clinical symptoms. There are no longitudinal data on the frequency of ferritin measurements in children and adolescents.

Methods

A total of 2834 children aged <18 years with serum ferritin and other anaemia‐related blood parameters taken during an outpatient visit between 2012 and 2019 were investigated. Patients with acute infections were excluded. Nationwide temporal and regional variations and correlations with public information searches through Google were analysed.

Results

A significant increase in the frequency of ferritin measurements was seen starting in 2018, with a 47‐fold rise in 2019 compared to 2012. A simultaneous escalation in Google Search activity was seen. Deficiency of stored iron was relatively common: 21.6% of children with normal haemoglobin and 14.9% of non‐anaemic children with normal red cell indices exhibited ferritin levels below 15 μg/L.

Conclusion

Ferritin measurement has increased greatly among children and adolescents. Our results suggest that public interest and popular trends can significantly influence health care practices. This calls for further investigation into the causes and consequences of such a phenomenon. Prospective randomised intervention studies are needed to evaluate the utility of iron supplementation in patients with low iron storage levels.
Leptin levels were negatively associated with lumbar spine bone mineral content in children with overweight or obesity
Authors: Gil‐Cosano José J. , Gracia‐Marco Luis , Ubago‐Guisado Esther , Migueles Jairo H. , Courteix Daniel , Labayen Idoia , Plaza‐Florido Abel , Molina‐García Pablo , Dutheil Frédéric , Ortega Francisco B.
Published: June 2022

Aim

Adipokines seem to play a role in bone morphogenesis, although this also depends on the mechanical forces applied to the skeleton. The aim was to assess the relationships of resting leptin and adiponectin with bone parameters and whether high muscular fitness levels affect these relationships in children with overweight or obesity.

Methods

This cross‐sectional study took part from 2014 to 2016 in Granada, Spain. Participants were recruited from University Hospitals, and we also used advertisements in local media and school contacts in the city. Adipokines were analysed in plasma. Muscular fitness was assessed by one repetition maximum in bench and leg press tests. Dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry was used to measure bone parameters.

Results

We included 84 children (10.0 ± 1.2y; 63% boys) in this analysis. Leptin was negatively associated with lumbar spine bone mineral content (β = −0.162, p = 0.053). No significant interaction was found for muscular fitness. Simple slope estimates suggested that children performing more than 133.3 kg in leg press test ameliorated the negative association between leptin and lumbar spine bone mineral content.

Conclusion

Leptin levels were negatively associated with lumbar spine bone mineral content in children with overweight or obesity. A high muscular fitness at the lower body could counteract this association.
Towards a critical geopolitics of China–US rivalry: Pericentricity, regional conflicts and transnational connections
Authors: Schindler Seth , DiCarlo Jessica
Published: June 2022

The deterioration of bilateral relations between the US and China heralds a new chapter in geopolitics increasingly characterised by competition and confrontation. We introduce insights from contemporary Cold War historiography, which we suggest can help deepen our understanding of the present. Historians have largely rejected the notion that the Cold War was a bipolar struggle between great powers. Instead, the ‘Global Cold War’ is increasingly interpreted as an era, order or context whose diverse localised manifestations necessitate multilingual research around the world. This scholarship draws attention to the conflict's ‘pericentric’ nature, its diverse regional manifestations and the transnational connections it enabled. We demonstrate that these concepts can inform research on contemporary China–US rivalry and suggest a multi‐scalar and multi‐sited research agenda in line with approaches of feminist political geography and critical geopolitics.
The relationships of employed students to non‐employed students and non‐student work colleagues: Identity implications
Authors: Grozev Vladislav H. , Easterbrook Matthew J.
Published: June 2022

We explored how employed university students experience their relationships with their work colleagues and with non‐employed students. Two research questions (RQs) were considered: RQ1: What experiences and conditions do employed students identify as contributing to a sense that they are a distinct and separate group from (1) their work colleagues and (2) non‐employed students? RQ2: What experiences and conditions do employed students feel facilitate and/or inhibit their social adaptation and integration at work and university? We interviewed 21 part‐time employed students in England, and analyzed the transcripts using reflexive thematic analysis. We adopted a deductive approach, using the Social Identity Approach as a theoretical framework. In relation to work colleagues, employed students identified a lack of empathy, being looked down upon, and experiencing hostility at the workplace as making them feel distinct from their work colleagues. In relation to non‐employed students, employed students identified differences in experiences and values as increasing intergroup differentiation, which then resulted in feelings of not fitting in at university or social exclusion. Identified conditions, which supported social integration in the workplace, were working with colleagues who held positive attitudes toward students, experiencing similar workplace circumstances and a sense of common fate. Employed students felt socially integrated when non‐workers had positive regard for them or by discussing their employment with other employed students.
Heterogeneous Effects on Private Education Spending in Latent Groups in Korea
Authors: Lee Jaeram , Ihm Jungjoon
Published: June 2022

This study examines people's response to well‐known determinants in private education spending (PES). Based on the Korean Education Longitudinal Study, we divided the private education decision‐making process into two parts: whether to spend and how much to spend. Due to omitted environmental factors, latent subgroups that share the same PES effects were classified using a clustering methodology. Empirical analysis found that people respond differently only to household income and school year. For 40% of the observations, household income has a significant impact on PES decisions. There is no effect of household income in the other subgroups, whereas different patterns of PES according to the school year induce heterogeneity in other subgroups. There is no heterogeneity for the effects of gender, educational environment and plans to attend college.
Laparoscopic splenic vessel‐preserving distal pancreatectomy after laparoscopic pylorus‐preserving gastrectomy: A case report
Authors: Miyasaka Yoshihiro , Irie Hisatoshi , Maki Toshimitsu , Kusaba Hiroshi , Koreeda Nobuhiko , Hirano Yousuke , Kaida Hiroki , Kawamoto Makoto , Komono Akira , Takahashi Hiroyuki , Sakamoto Ryohei , Shibata Ryosuke , Higashi Daijiro , Watanabe Masato
Published: June 2022

A 77‐year‐old woman who had undergone laparoscopic pylorus‐preserving gastrectomy for gastric cancer showed dilatation of the main pancreatic duct in the distal pancreas on ultrasonography during postoperative surveillance. Detailed examination revealed that she had a main‐duct type intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm with high‐risk stigmata. As invasive malignancy was not suggested, laparoscopic splenic vessel‐preserving distal pancreatectomy was performed to preserve the remnant stomach. Although adhesions around the gastroduodenostomy and splenic artery were severe, the magnified laparoscopic view facilitated the identification of appropriate dissection layers, resulting in limited blood loss. The distal pancreas was successfully resected without sacrificing blood flow to the remnant stomach. The postoperative course was uneventful. The pathological diagnosis was low‐grade intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm. Laparoscopic splenic vessel‐preserving distal pancreatectomy for benign or low‐grade malignant disease of the distal pancreas can be useful for preserving the remnant stomach in patients with a history of gastrectomy.
White adolescents' racial contexts: Associations with critical action
Authors: Dull Brandon D. , Hoyt Lindsay Till , Chaku Natasha
Published: June 2022

This study takes a person‐centered approach to investigate White youths' racial contexts by utilizing a latent profile analysis among a sample of White adolescents (N = 323, ages 16–17; 52% female, 48% male; data collected 1996–1998). Racial contexts were composed of parent, peer, and school influences, which revealed three distinct profiles: a Race Conscious profile, a Race Silent profile, and a Low Race Engagement profile. These profiles predicted White adolescents' critical action during emerging adulthood, where adolescents in the Race Conscious profile were engaged in more critical action as compared to the other two profiles. These findings suggest that the racial contexts in which White adolescents develop have direct implications on their desire to work toward, and take action for, social change.
Where are we in the recognition of young adult carers in France?
Authors: Chevrier Basilie , Untas Aurélie , Dorard Géraldine
Published: June 2022

Young adult carers (YACs) are people aged 18–25 years who provide care to a relative who is ill or has a disability. France begins to come to the YAC issue. YAC students were mentioned for the first time in a national policy document in 2019. By interviewing 110 students, this review showed that more than 80% of them did not know what a YAC was. If students are not aware of this status, they cannot self‐identify as carers and seek support. During policy development, it is therefore important to support YACs by raising awareness.
Repositioning of the bone window in lateral sinus floor elevation with simultaneous implant placement: A retrospective radiographic study
Authors: Wang Zhikang , Zhang Jing , Ren Lingfei , Yang Guoli
Published: June 2022

Objectives

To retrospectively evaluate whether repositioning the bone window leads to a better outcome of three‐dimensional sinus augmentation in lateral sinus floor elevation (LSFE) with simultaneous implant placement.

Methods

34 patients with a total of 40 implants (14: test group, 26: control group) receiving LSFE with simultaneous implant placement were included in this retrospective research. CBCT images were taken before surgery, immediately and 6 months after surgery. The two‐dimensional augmentation parameters, including apical bone height (ABH), endo‐sinus bone gain (ESBG), and palatal/buccal bone height (PBH/BBH), and three‐dimensional parameters, including augmentation volume (AV) and palatal/buccal augmentation volume (PAV/BAV), were measured. The lateral defect length (LDL) and lateral window length (LWL) were also measured to evaluate the lateral antrostomy recovery.

Results

At the 6‐month follow‐up, the reduction rates at ABH, ESBG, and BBH of the test group (ABH: 10.41% ± 30.30%, ESBG: 2.55% ± 8.91%, BBH: 2.50% ± 8.65%) were significantly lower than those of the control group (ABH: 25.10% ± 22.02%, ESBG: 11.47% ± 9.79%, BBH: 7.10% ± 5.37%; p < .05). In addition, the test group showed better three‐dimensional augmentation stability on the buccal side (BAV reduction: 15.51% ± 10.86% vs. 27.15% ± 12.61%; p < .05). Moreover, the LDL/LWL ratio of the test group was significantly lower than that of the control group (p < .05).

Conclusion

Within the limitations of this study, repositioning of the bone window in LSFE with simultaneous implant placement could contribute to endo‐sinus augmentation stability on the buccal side at the 6‐month follow‐up. Moreover, it would also facilitate recovery of the lateral antrostomy defect.
Pygopus2 ameliorates mesenteric adipocyte poor differentiation to alleviate Crohn's disease ‐like colitis via the Axin2/GSK3β pathway
Authors: Li Jing , Zuo Lugen , Geng Zhijun , Li Qingqing , Cheng Yang , Yang Zi , Shi Ruohan , Zhou Yueqing , Nie Wenhu , Wang Yueyue , Zhang Xiaofeng , Ge Sitang , Song Xue , Hu Jianguo
Published: June 2022

Objectives

Crohn's disease (CD) mesenteric adipose tissue (MAT) inflammation affects enteritis through the interaction between the mesentery and intestine, and we previously found that poorly differentiated mesenteric adipocytes were related to its inflammatory features. Pygopus2 (Pygo2) is a key negative regulator of adipocyte differentiation. We aimed to determine whether Pygo2 participates in CD mesenteric lesions and whether Pygo2 knockdown would be beneficial in a CD model (Il‐10−/− mice).

Methods

Pygo2 expression in MAT from control and CD patients and Il‐10−/− mice was measured by immunohistochemistry. Lentiviral transfection was used to regulate Pygo2 expression in Il‐10−/− mice, and the effects on mesenteric adipocyte differentiation, inflammation, and dysfunction during spontaneous colitis, as well as the possible mechanism, were investigated.

Results

Pygo2 expression was increased in MAT from CD patients and Il‐10−/− mice, and its expression correlated with poor adipocyte differentiation and inflammation. Pygo2 knockdown significantly ameliorated colitis in Il‐10−/− mice. Moreover, the downregulation of Pygo2 gene expression could promote adipocyte differentiation and inhibit adipocyte inflammation in vivo and in vitro, and the effects were at least partly mediated by the Axis inhibition protein 2 (Axin2)/glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta (GSK3β) pathway.

Conclusions

The increase in Pygo2 may be related to mesenteric adipocyte poor differentiation and inflammatory features of CD, and Pygo2 inhibition could alleviate CD‐like colitis by improving mesenteric lesions by regulating the Axin2/GSK3β pathway.
The prognostic value of neonatal conventional‐EEG monitoring in hypoxic‐ischemic encephalopathy during therapeutic hypothermia
Authors: Bourel‐Ponchel Emilie , Querne Laurent , Flamein Florence , Ghostine‐Ramadan Ghida , Wallois Fabrice , Lamblin Marie Dominique
Published: June 2022

Aim

To determine the prognostic value of conventional electroencephalography (EEG) monitoring in neonatal hypoxic–ischemic encephalopathy (HIE).

Method

In this multicentre retrospective study, 95 full‐term neonates (mean of 39.3wks gestational age [SD  1.4], 36 [38%] females, 59 [62%] males) with HIE (2013–2016) undergoing therapeutic hypothermia were divided between favourable or adverse outcomes. Background EEG activity (French classification scale: 0–1–2‐3‐4‐5) and epileptic seizure burden (epileptic seizure scale: 0–1‐2) were graded for seven 6‐hour periods. Conventional EEG monitoring was investigated by principal component analysis (PCA), with clustering methods to extract prognostic biomarkers of development at 2 years and infant death.

Results

Eighty‐one per cent of infants with an adverse outcome had a French classification scale equal to or greater than 3 after H48 (100% at H6–12). The H6–12 epileptic seizure scale was equal to or greater than 1 for 39%, increased to 52% at H30–36 and then remained equal to or greater than 1 for 39% after H48. Forty‐five per cent of infants with a favourable outcome had a H6–12 French classification scale equal to or greater than 3, which dropped to 5% after H48; 13% had a H6–12 epileptic seizure scale equal to or greater than 1 but no seizures after H48. Clustering methods based on PCA showed the high efficiency (96%) of conventional EEG monitoring for outcome prediction and allowed the definition of three prognostic EEG biomarkers: H6–78 French classification scale mean, H6–78 French classification scale slope, and H30–78 epileptic seizure scale mean.

Interpretation

Early lability and recovery of physiological features is prognostic of a favourable outcome. Seizure onset from the second day should also be considered to accurately predict neurodevelopment in HIE and support the importance of conventional EEG monitoring in HIE in infants cooled with therapeutic hypothermia.

What this paper adds

Comprehensive analysis showed the high prognostic efficiency (96%) of conventional electroencephalography (EEG) monitoring.

Prognostic EEG biomarkers consist of the grade of background EEG activity, its evolution, and the mean seizure burden.

Persistent seizures (H48) without an improvement in background EEG activity were consistently associated with an adverse outcome.
Consolidating human disease learning in the Dental Emergency Clinic
Authors: Atkin Philip Alan , Simms Melanie Louise , Ravindran Nishma
Published: June 2022

Introduction

Dental undergraduates typically learn and are assessed on aspects of human disease (HD) in the early part of their programme, but it is not until later in the programme that their HD knowledge is put into practice when they provide courses of treatment for numerous patients over multiple visits. The teaching of HD provides core knowledge on medical conditions and medications and is therefore essential in allowing newly graduated dentists to provide safe treatment for medically compromised patients or those taking medications. We wanted to examine the medical complexity of patients attending a university hospital dental emergency clinic to determine whether this was a suitable group that would help students to consolidate their HD learning in the context of a single visit where treatment was also provided.

Materials and Methods

We examined the medical history of 200 patients attending the dental emergency clinic in the University Dental Hospital, Cardiff, using a previous study as a benchmark. Anonymous data were collected using the medical history proforma, and included age, gender, medications, types and number of medical conditions/disorders.

Results

Patients attending the clinic were more medically complex than those in the comparator study and the demographics reflect wider population data showing increasing numbers of older patients with greater medical morbidity.

Discussion/Conclusions

The emergency dental clinic is the place where most patients are new to the hospital, have a dental history, medical history, investigations, diagnosis and treatment in a single visit, and offers excellent opportunities for consolidating HD learning in a one‐stop clinical treatment episode, guided by suitable instructors.
Perceived gain or loss? How digital affordances influence employee corporate entrepreneurship participation likelihood
Authors: Petzsche Valentin , Rabl Tanja , Franzke Sonja , Baum Matthias
Published: June 2022

Based on conservation of resources theory, this paper examines the mediating mechanisms in the relationship between digital affordances and employee corporate entrepreneurship participation likelihood. Findings from an experimental study with 207 employees show a statistically significant and positive indirect effect of digital affordances on employee corporate entrepreneurship participation likelihood through employee‐perceived information technology support for innovation and a statistically significant and—contrary to our expectations—positive indirect effect through employee‐perceived work overload. Results are corroborated by insights from in‐depth interviews with senior managers. They provide support for digital affordances as action potentials that are associated with resource gains that in turn foster employee corporate entrepreneurship participation likelihood.
Subarctic soil carbon losses after deforestation for agriculture depend on permafrost abundance
Authors: Peplau Tino , Schroeder Julia , Gregorich Edward , Poeplau Christopher
Published: June 2022

The northern circumpolar permafrost region is experiencing considerable warming due to climate change, which is allowing agricultural production to expand into regions of discontinuous and continuous permafrost. The conversion of forests to arable land might further enhance permafrost thaw and affect soil organic carbon (SOC) that had previously been protected by frozen ground. The interactive effect of permafrost abundance and deforestation on SOC stocks has hardly been studied. In this study, soils were sampled on 18 farms across the Yukon on permafrost and non‐permafrost soils to quantify the impact of land‐use change from forest to cropland and grassland on SOC stocks. Furthermore, the soils were physically and chemically fractionated to assess the impact of land‐use change on different functional pools of SOC. On average, permafrost‐affected forest soils lost 15.6 ± 21.3% of SOC when converted to cropland and 23.0 ± 13.0% when converted to grassland. No permafrost was detected in the deforested soils, indicating that land‐use change strongly enhanced warming and subsequent thawing. In contrast, the change in SOC at sites without permafrost was not significant but had a slight tendency to be positive. SOC stocks were generally lower at sites without permafrost under forest. Furthermore, land‐use change increased mineral‐associated SOC, while the fate of particulate organic matter (POM) after land‐use change depended on permafrost occurrence. Permafrost soils showed significant POM losses after land‐use change, while grassland sites without permafrost gained POM in the topsoil. The results showed that the fate of SOC after land‐use change greatly depended on the abundance of permafrost in the pristine forest, which was driven by climatic conditions more than by soil properties. It can be concluded that in regions of discontinuous permafrost in particular, initial conditions in forest soils should be considered before deforestation to minimize its climate impact.
Corporate reputation and stakeholder engagement: Do assurance quality and assurer attributes matter?
Authors: García‐Sánchez Isabel‐María , Raimo Nicola , Uribe‐Bohorquez María‐Victoria , Vitolla Filippo
Published: June 2022

The objective of this research is to determine the impact that sustainability assurance services have on corporate reputation and stakeholder engagement, delving into the differentiating effect of certain attributes of the assurer and the quality level of the assurance. After an initial exploratory analysis in which the added value that the assurance service has on the external business image and on the relationships with stakeholders is evidenced, the results obtained for a sample of 604 multinational corporations for the period 2011–2017 show the existence of a reputational advantage for those companies that have contracted for a higher quality assurance service. On the contrary, the attributes of the assurer have no direct and indirect effect on corporate reputation unless the assurer is an auditor, which favours a higher quality of assurance service and indirectly affects the probability that the company will be included in a reputation ranking. The intrinsic characteristics of this service do not translate into active stakeholder engagement. From a theoretical and practical point of view, this evidence contributes to the knowledge of the effect of assurance on stakeholder engagement and corporate reputation by improving the climate of trust around the company's disclosure.
Non‐inferior and more feasible transcutaneous tibial nerve stimulation in treating overactive bladder: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Alomari Mohammed S , Abdulhamid Ahmed S , Ghaddaf Abdullah A , Alshareef Khalid M , Haneef Ahmed K , AlQuhaibi Mohammad S , Banjar Rowaa A
Published: June 2022

Objectives

Overactive bladder (OAB) is identified as a urinary urgency accompanied by frequency and nocturia with or without urgency urinary incontinence in the nonexistence of a urinary tract infection or other evident pathologies. This systematic review and meta‐analysis aimed to evaluate the efficacy of the transcutaneous tibial nerve stimulation (TTNS) versus percutaneous tibial nerve stimulation (PTNS) or anticholinergic drugs in reducing symptoms and improving the quality of life for OAB patients.

Methods

We performed a systematic search in Medline, Embase, and CENTRAL, in which we included randomized controlled trials that compared TTNS with anticholinergic drugs or PTNS in treating idiopathic OAB. We evaluated the following outcomes: 3‐day voiding diary (voiding frequency/day, daytime micturition frequency/day, nighttime micturition frequency/day, number of urgency episodes/day, number of incontinence episodes/day, and mean voiding volume), symptom bother, health related quality of life (HRQoL), and adverse events. We used 95% as a confidence interval (CI) and p < 0.05. Standardized mean difference (SMD) was used for continuous outcomes, and the risk ratio (RR) was used for dichotomous outcomes.

Results

There was no significant difference comparing TTNS with anticholinergic drugs or PTNS regarding voiding frequency/day (SMD = −0.01, 95% CI −0.33 to 0.32), nighttime micturition frequency/day (SMD = −0.28, 95% CI −0.94 to 0.37), number of urgency episodes/day (SMD = −0.05, 95% CI −0.36 to 0.26), number of incontinence episodes/day (SMD = −0.04, 95% CI −0.32 to 0.25), symptom bother (SMD = −0.19, 95% CI −0.55 to 0.16), HRQoL (SMD = 0.27, 95% CI −0.32 to 0.85), and adverse events (RR = 0.07, 95% CI 0.01 to 0.54).

Conclusion

The current meta‐analysis reveals that there is no statistically significant difference between TTNS versus PTNS or anticholinergic drugs for the nonsurgical management of OAB patients.
SATB1 ensures appropriate transcriptional programs within naïve CD8+ T cells
Authors: Nüssing Simone , Miosge Lisa A , Lee Kah , Olshansky Moshe , Barugahare Adele , Roots Carla M , Sontani Yovina , Day E Bridie , Koutsakos Marios , Kedzierska Katherine , Goodnow Christopher C , Russ Brendan E , Daley Stephen R , Turner Stephen J
Published: June 2022

Special AT‐binding protein 1 (SATB1) is a chromatin‐binding protein that has been shown to be a key regulator of T‐cell development and CD4+ T‐cell fate decisions and function. The underlying function for SATB1 in peripheral CD8+ T‐cell differentiation processes is largely unknown. To address this, we examined SATB1‐binding patterns in naïve and effector CD8+ T cells demonstrating that SATB1 binds to noncoding regulatory elements linked to T‐cell lineage–specific gene programs, particularly in naïve CD8+ T cells. We then assessed SATB1 function using N‐ethyl‐N‐nitrosourea‐mutant mice that exhibit a point mutation in the SATB1 DNA‐binding domain (termed Satb1m1Anu/m1Anu). Satb1m1Anu/m1Anu mice exhibit diminished SATB1‐binding, naïve, Satb1m1Anu/m1Anu CD8+ T cells exhibiting transcriptional and phenotypic characteristics reminiscent of effector T cells. Upon activation, the transcriptional signatures of Satb1m1Anu/m1Anu and wild‐type effector CD8+ T cells converged. While there were no overt differences, primary respiratory infection of Satb1m1Anu/m1Anu mice with influenza A virus (IAV) resulted in a decreased proportion and number of IAV‐specific CD8+ effector T cells recruited to the infected lung when compared with wild‐type mice. Together, these data suggest that SATB1 has a major role in an appropriate transcriptional state within naïve CD8+ T cells and ensures appropriate CD8+ T‐cell effector gene expression upon activation.
Transmission of SARS‐CoV‐2 in standardised first few X cases and household transmission investigations: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Lewis Hannah C. , Marcato Adrian J. , Meagher Niamh , Valenciano Marta , Villanueva‐Cabezas Juan‐Pablo , Spirkoska Violeta , Fielding James E. , Karahalios Amalia , Subissi Lorenzo , Nardone Anthony , Cheng Brianna , Rajatonirina Soatiana , Okeibunor Joseph , Aly Eman A. , Barakat Amal , Jorgensen Pernille , Azim Tasnim , Wijesinghe Pushpa R. , Le Linh‐Vi , Rodriguez Angel , Vicari Andrea , Van Kerkhove Maria D. , McVernon Jodie , Pebody Richard , Price David J. , Bergeri Isabel ,   and the Unity Studies Collaborator Group
Published: June 2022

We aimed to estimate the household secondary infection attack rate (hSAR) of SARS‐CoV‐2 in investigations aligned with the WHO Unity Studies Household Transmission Investigations (HHTI) protocol. We conducted a systematic review and meta‐analysis according to PRISMA 2020 guidelines. We searched Medline, Embase, Web of Science, Scopus and medRxiv/bioRxiv for “Unity‐aligned” First Few X cases (FFX) and HHTIs published 1 December 2019 to 26 July 2021. Standardised early results were shared by WHO Unity Studies collaborators (to 1 October 2021). We used a bespoke tool to assess investigation methodological quality. Values for hSAR and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were extracted or calculated from crude data. Heterogeneity was assessed by visually inspecting overlap of CIs on forest plots and quantified in meta‐analyses. Of 9988 records retrieved, 80 articles (64 from databases; 16 provided by Unity Studies collaborators) were retained in the systematic review; 62 were included in the primary meta‐analysis. hSAR point estimates ranged from 2% to 90% (95% prediction interval: 3%–71%; I2 = 99.7%); I2 values remained >99% in subgroup analyses, indicating high, unexplained heterogeneity and leading to a decision not to report pooled hSAR estimates. FFX and HHTI remain critical epidemiological tools for early and ongoing characterisation of novel infectious pathogens. The large, unexplained variance in hSAR estimates emphasises the need to further support standardisation in planning, conduct and analysis, and for clear and comprehensive reporting of FFX and HHTIs in time and place, to guide evidence‐based pandemic preparedness and response efforts for SARS‐CoV‐2, influenza and future novel respiratory viruses.
Intergenerational effects of the Fast Track intervention on the home environment: A randomized control trial
Authors: Rothenberg William Andrew , Lansford Jennifer E. , Godwin Jennifer W. , Dodge Kenneth A. , Copeland William E. , Odgers Candice L. , McMahon Robert J. , Goulter Natalie ,   Conduct Problems Prevention Research Group
Published: June 2022

Background

Maladaptive family environments harm child development and are passed across generations. Childhood interventions may break this intergenerational cycle by improving the family environments children form as adults. The present study investigates this hypothesis by examining follow‐up data collected 18 years after the end of the childhood Fast Track intervention designed to prevent externalizing problems.

Methods

We examined whether Fast Track assignment from grades 1 to 10 prevented the emergence of maladaptive family environments at age 34. A total of 400 (n = 206 in intervention condition, n = 194 controls) Fast Track participants who were parents at age 34 were surveyed about 11 aspects of their current family environment. The hypotheses and analytic plan were preregistered at https://osf.io/dz9t5 and the Fast Track trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov (NCT01653535).

Results

Multiple group linear regression models revealed that mothers who participated in the Fast Track intervention as children had lower depression symptoms, alcohol problems, drug problems, corporal punishment use, and food insecurity compared to control group mothers. All effects were modest in magnitude. However, for these same mothers, the Fast Track intervention had no effect on cannabis problems, experiences of romantic partner violence, or maternal use of physical aggression or warmth with their children. Additionally, mothers in the Fast Track intervention group reported higher levels of family chaos than those in the control group, but this effect may be a byproduct of the higher number of children per household in the intervention group. No intervention effects were found for fathers who participated in the Fast Track intervention as children.

Conclusions

Childhood assignment to Fast Track has some beneficial effects for girls, but not boys, on the family environments these individuals formed as adults 18 years later.