bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Identifying and investigating the foreign model's educational entrepreneurship in higher education and implement native models for Iran
Authors: Shahidi Sara
Published: December 2022

In today's competitive world, universities and organizations are successful and able to make the most of information and knowledge. For this reason, many universities have started knowledge orientation through entrepreneurship education. In this research, the researcher seeks to identify and study the foreign models of entrepreneurship education, documents of entrepreneurship centers of Tehran universities in higher education, and finally, develop a native Iranian model for entrepreneurship education. In this study, to identify the elements of the native model of entrepreneurship education, a qualitative approach and thematic analysis method, and MAXQDA software have been used. Therefore, first, 50 foreign standard models of entrepreneurship education, as well as documents of entrepreneurship centers of Tehran universities, were identified and selected by the researcher. Then all keywords inside the templates and documents were coded, and 735 open source codes were sent separately to specialists. Cohen Kappa value was calculated using SPSS 23 software. Findings showed that the data obtained from the study of foreign models of entrepreneurship education and documents of entrepreneurship centers of Tehran universities were classified into three categories of capability-oriented, personality-oriented, and lesson-oriented themes, which can be used to design a native model of entrepreneurship education in higher education
The Undergraduate Political Science Curriculum in the University of Dhaka: A Critical Analysis from Integration Perspective
Authors: M. Abdul Aziz
Published: December 2022

It has been evident that the primary objective of university education is to deliver graduates with integrated personalities with the full combination of values and rational, humane, and generic skills. The curriculum always plays the most significant role in building graduates' personalities. In exploring the outcome of the undergraduate program in political science at the University of Dhaka, this research has examined its' curriculum based on a theoretical framework titled 'the Islamic Integrated University Curriculum model (IIUC).' The IIUC model accommodates national philosophy and vision to serve the nation by preparing well-round graduates with four characteristics: the good man, general employability, expertness in discipline, and as a social being. The key criteria for review included the university vision and mission, the program objectives, the structure of the program, the content of the courses, and selected readings of the political science department, which were analyzed in terms of comprehensiveness and contemporary challenges.
Fixed Mindset vs. Growth Mindset: A Phenomenon in Higher Education to Achieve a Bachelor's Degree
Authors: Gita Aulia Nurani
Published: December 2022

This study investigates students' experiences with the research process as one of Indonesia's bachelor's degree graduation requirements. The underpinning for the research procedure was Carol Dweck's notion of fixed and growth mindsets. This study followed the qualitative phenomenology method and included semi-structured interviews. Eleven undergraduate seniors or fourth-year students participated in interviews lasting 45 to 60 minutes. According to the data, students had difficulty with the three stages of the research process. (1) Erroneously identified the problem and had difficulty discussing it with the supervisor. (2) Lack of comprehension and application of the research method. (3) Insufficient scholarly writing. Moreover, individuals described two contributing elements, first, psychological factors such as motivation and the desire to conduct the independent study. Second, social issues inside the supervisory and academic institutions. Participants proposed that the complete technique course and academic writing should be taught by faculty beginning in the third year after mastery of the theoretical framework. Research involving quantitative surveys is required to determine the correlation between each internal and external variable
State Elementary School Principles as Opinion Leaders in The Disruptive Era
Authors: Kamaludin
Published: December 2022

Principals play an important role in the development and improvement of the performance of teachers and educational staff at the individual level and organizational levels. Principal leadership must be structurally integrated within the organization. This is to ensure the achievement of the vision and mission set by the school. In the current era of digitalization, school principals not only play a role in inclusive, distributive leadership, and encourage leadership capacity building within schools but also play a role as opinion leaders. This study uses a qualitative approach with exploratory research. The main focus of research is the principal of public elementary schools as opinion leaders in the disruptive era. Principals of 15 public primary schools with at least five years of experience were the subject of this study. This research was conducted between May and August 2022. The research location is in Brebes Regency, Central Java. The results of the study show that the principal as an opinion leader is tasked with introducing innovations and through persuasive or coercive actions taking policies to accelerate the use of innovations in education.
Alcohol Portrayal in Selected American Plays
Authors: Fattah Mushtaq Abdulhaleem Mohammed
Published: December 2022

Alcoholism, as a social disease that creeps into society, in general, and into the family, in particular, causes addiction, depression, and ultimately death. Affecting a vast array of people, Alcoholism is indiscriminate regardless of race, gender, identity, education, class, or intelligence. Alcoholism results in societal problems that are depicted heavily on the American stage after wars to reach solutions. A qualitative research method is going to be followed and applied by employing a mixture of Scholarship and Textual Analysis Methods are used to investigate the body of scholarship written about the two playwrights, their literary works, and historical periods. By comparing two American plays: Thornton Wilder’s Our Town (1938) and Eugene O’Neill’s Long Day’s Journey into Night (1955), this paper identifies alcoholism as a social disease, traces back its causes, and analyzes the problematic portrayals of its stereotypes. By following the Block Method, this paper makes a comparison to deal with particular and important features of the two plays for the argument presented, supported by textual evidence taken from both texts. This study raises questions such as: Why is alcoholism projected publicly? How do people feel and react toward alcoholic addicts? Are alcoholic addicts, the main characters in the selected plays, reliable, tragic, sympathetic, or empathetic? Does the playwrights’ history of alcohol play a role in shaping such characters?
The Impact of Google Classroom in Character Education Based on Tabe Culture in the Era of Industrial Revolution 4.0
Authors: Amin Sagir M , Ali Moh
Published: December 2022

Along with the rapid development of communication and information technology in the industrial revolution 4.0. in which online-based learning (for example, google classroom and many more learning providers) is inevitable, has currently had strong implications for the world of education and learning. In higher education, google classroom as an online provider has been found very helpful and made it easier for educators and students to do activities in the online learning and teaching process. This is an advantage of current technology and information development. However, the use of google classroom predominantly helps students develop their cognitive domain but fails to help them build their character building. In fact, inculcating tabe-based characters one of the cross generations type of established culture in the Buginese Tribe in the industrial revolution 4.0 era has a deep meaning in our society. These include sense of respect each other, saying good and polite words as well as writing them politely, having good attitudes and behaviour and not writing sentences that potentially disturbs or offend one another. These types of behaviour and attitudes are those contained in the cultures of Buginese tribe as Sipakatau (respect each other), Sipakalebbi (be humanized to each other) and Sipakainge (to remind of bad deeds to each other). The results show that the use of the google classroom online learning provider has a very positive impact on increasing Intelligence Quotient of students but has failed to inculcategood character to them as they use slang in their conversations like up, yoi, ok, siap, gtw, cancer, gan, mastah, hqq and kuy. goblok, edan, santuy, sob, kepo, woles, baper, nooband regand tend to be rude
Implementation of Storyling Methods Using Hands to Stimulate Early Children's Language Development in RA At-Taqwa Cirebon City
Authors: Rohmatul Fawaiz Rika , Aisyul Muzakki Jajang , Masdudi Masdudi
Published: December 2022

This research is motivated by the importance of stimulating language development, which is the most complex characteristic of human abilities. Language development can be instilled in various methods, one of which is the storytelling method. The storytelling method can be used as an appropriate method in stimulating early childhood language development. The storytelling method using hand puppets makes children interested and can stimulate language development. This type of research is descriptive qualitative. The main subjects in this study were the principal and teacher of RA At-Taqwa Cirebon City. Data collection techniques used are interviews, observation, and documentation. Data analysis techniques used are data collection, data reduction, data presentation and drawing conclusions. The results of this study indicate that the storytelling method using hand puppets in stimulating early childhood language development is implemented and listed in the curriculum and STTPA. The implementation of the storytelling method using hand puppets in stimulating early childhood language development is able to stimulate language development through storytelling using hand puppets which is done during learning. Children respond to what the teacher tells, children are able to retell with more vocabulary, children are able to express feelings of pleasure and ask a lot of characters told in simple sentences. The implementation of learning RA At-Taqwa has implemented the storytelling method using hand puppets with steps of planning, implementation, storytelling techniques and evaluation of storytelling. The supporting factors for the storytelling method using hand puppets in stimulating early childhood language development are hand puppet media and competent teachers. The inhibiting factors are active children and different abilities of children
Production and determination of properties of ethanol from mango and orange peels
Authors: Bala Anas , Mshelia Richard Balthi , Muhammad Jamilu Ya'u , Adam M
Published: December 2022

The use of fossil fuels in IC engines in vehicles and industries has been identified as the leading cause of pollution, especially in urban areas where the traffic is usually heavy and industries are situated. In addition to air pollution which has its attendant health risks, the emission of greenhouse gases from the combustion of fossil fuels has been identified as one of the leading causes of climate change. The aforementioned reasons coupled with the fact that fossil fuels are exhaustible resources have necessitated the search for alternative eco-friendlier and sustainable fuels. The utilization of agricultural waste such as (mango and orange) peels to produce bioethanol proves to be a better alternative than the use of food crops. In this research, enzymatic scarification of yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) was used to produce bioethanol from samples of mango and orange peels and their properties were compared with those of standard pure (98%) anhydrous ethanol. ASTM standards were used as comparative measures of the fuel properties that derived from bioethanol. It was found that the bioethanol concentration for the two samples were 19.98% for sample A and 19.17% for sample B and the results also show a good agreement as analysed by (ANOVA).
Fuel estimation of commercial aircraft for the climb-out phase using gaussian process regression model
Authors: Atasoy Vehbi Emrah
Published: December 2022

In this study, Gaussian Process Regression (GPR) is utilised to accurately estimate fuel consumption. For this purpose, ten randomly determined flights performed by Boeing B737-800 twin-engine medium-haul narrow-bodied commercial aircraft are selected. In this context, actual flight data obtained from the Flight Data Recorder (FDR) is used to estimate fuel consumption during the climb-out phase. Different statistical tests, namely Root Mean Square Error (RMSE), coefficient of determination (R2), and Mean Absolute Error (MAE), are applied to evaluate the performance of the GPR in this paper. RMSE, R2, and MAE values for GPR is calculated to be 209.41, 0.99, and 111.38, respectively. As can be seen from the results of all statistical tests, the GPR model indicates successful performance.
DEVELOPMENT AND TERRITORIAL DIFFERENCES OF AGRICULTURE IN THE KALININGRAD REGION
Authors:   Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, Fedorov Gennady M.
Published: December 2022

The patterns of development and distribution of production, including agricultural production, common to the country, are also characteristic of the exclave Kaliningrad region. However, spatial isolation from other Russian regions causes, firstly, a greater dependence on external geoeconomic and geopolitical factors and, secondly, a clearer manifestation of the patterns of spatial differentiation in the economy. Research methods are based on the spatio-temporal analysis of statistical data, using methods of comparative geographic diagnostics. The article shows a deeper decline in agricultural production in the region during the crisis years of the 1990s and increased rates of development in more favorable decades of the 21st century, as well as an acute manifestation of the polarization concepts and location of agricultural production within a separate territory compared to the country’s interior regions. The study which relied on the level of agricultural development and specialization of the territory of the region, the degree of use of land and labor resources in crop production, animal husbandry, hunting and the provision of services in these areas, substantiated to distinguish four types of municipalities according to the factors of agricultural development. Given each type, the author noted the need for a special socio-economic policy.
CYTOKINE-INDUCED REGULATION OF MATURATION, DIFFERENTIATION, AND APOPTOTIC DEATH OF IMMUNE MEMORY T-LYMPHOCYTES
Authors:   Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, Yurova Kristina A. , Ligatyuk Denis D. ,   Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, Semenova Daria A. ,   Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, Litvinova Larisa S. ,   Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University
Published: December 2022

To maintain the normal state of the immune system, the processes of cell proliferation must be strictly regulated and balanced by the processes of apoptotic death to prevent the development of autoimmune and neoplastic reactions. T-lymphocytes of immune memory are under strict control from the immune system. The role of γc-cytokines (IL-2, IL-7, and IL-15) in the regulation of maturation, differentiation, and apoptotic death of memory T-lymphocytes under in vitro cultivation conditions was evaluated. The study revealed the ability of γc-cytokines to increase the content of CD3+HLA-DR+CD95+ T cells in the effector populations of immune memory cytotoxic lymphocytes, which may indicate the processes of cell differentiation and maturation under the influence of γc-cytokines. The authors also showed that in CD3+CD4+CD45RO+ T-lymphocytes have a relative resistance to the action of γc-cytokines, in comparison with cytotoxic CD45RO+ T-cells. Thus, maintaining homeostatic concentrations of γc-cytokines plays an important role in maintaining the normal functioning of the immune system by maintaining the balance of homeostatic proliferation and apoptotic death. We also noted that cytokine imbalance contributes to an increase in the surface expression of late activation molecules (HLA-DR) and apoptosis (CD95), which is necessary to control excessive proliferation of lymphocytes, and, ultimately, prevents the breakdown of immune tolerance mechanisms and the development of hyperproliferative pathologies of the immune system.
The effects of rebamipide, sucralfate, and rifaximin against inflammation and apoptosis in radiation-induced murine intestinal injury
Authors: Moon Won , Lim Sangwook , Jung Yeonsoon , Heo Yuk Moon , Park Seun Ja , Park Moo In , Kim Sung Eun , Kim Jae Hyun , Jung Kyoungwon
Published: December 2022

Background: Radiotherapy improves overall survival in patients with abdominopelvic malignancies. However, the toxic effects of radiation restrict the maximum dose that can be given, and there are no well-established preventive or therapeutic strategies. This study was conducted to evaluate whether rebamipide, sucralfate, and rifaximin have a suppressive effect on acute ionizing radiation (IR)-induced inflammation in the intestines of mice.Methods: Thirty-six ICR mice were divided into a vehicle-treated group with sham irradiation; a vehicle-treated group with irradiation; rebamipide, sucralfate, or rifaximin-treated groups with irradiation; and a rebamipide-treated group with sham irradiation. The expression of proinflammatory, anti-inflammatory, proapoptotic, and antiapoptotic factors was investigated.Results: The downregulated expression of nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase by IR was attenuated by all drugs (p<0.05). All drugs suppressed the IR-induced activation of NF-κB and phosphorylation of MAPKs (p<0.05) and attenuated the production of TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 in response to IR (p<0.05). The administration of all drugs markedly attenuated IR-induced increases in iNOS, COX-2, and PGE2 (p<0.05), as well as [Ca2+] oscillations that were increased by IR. The expression of proapoptotic genes and antiapoptotic genes was suppressed and induced, respectively, by all drugs. IR treatment increased the release of cytochrome C, which was attenuated by all drugs (p<0.05). All drug treatments resulted in a significant decrease in the expression of caspase-3 and caspase-7 (p<0.05), which were both upregulated following IR treatment.Conclusions: The administration of rebamipide, sucralfate, or rifaximin prior to radiation therapy may prevent or attenuate acute radiation-induced enterocolitis.
Study of Serum Leptin Level in Patients DiabetesMellitusType2: in Relation with Insulin Level
Authors: SADEQ Mateen , SARI Aysel
Published: December 2022

Leptin is a food intake hormone. Informed leptin diet provides adequate nutrition. Leptin plays an important role in T2DM. Having high leptin and being in love is not a reason for preference. Evaluation of serum and ptin levels in T2DM patients and healthy patients, and the relationship between serum fasting insulin and leptin in T2DM. In the endocrine and market cross-sectional education, a total of 92 serums were studied, including 70 patients with T2DM and 22 patients who were not healthy. Serum leptin was measured by ELISA, serum insulin autoanalyzer Cobas E411. Hemoglobin was studied with HPLC D10. Posting regarding serum leptin and insulin, fasting and BMI. In this study, a significant relationship was observed between leptin and insulin and T2DM, and a significant positive relationship between leptin and insulin (p
INVESTIGATION OF THE EFFECT OF B-108 CONTAINING AZOMETHIN GROUP ON DNA REPAIR GENE
Authors: EĞİLMEZ Elif , ZONTUL Cemile , HUSEYNZADA Alakbar , ALİYEVA Gunel , HASANOVA Ulviyya , TAŞ Ayça , SİLİĞ Yavuz
Published: December 2022

Objective: Cancer arises as a result of the failure of the mechanisms controlling normal division in a group of cells. It is known that some new synthesis compounds intended for use in cancer treatment have anti-fungal, anti-bacterial, anti-carcinogenic effects. In this study, it was aimed to apply the newly synthesized B-108 compound to the A-549 cell line and then to investigate the effect of this compound on the ERCC1 gene expression profile.

Materials and Methods: Firstly, compound B-108 was synthesized in our study. Afterwards, this synthesized molecule was applied in eight different concentrations (1-100 μg/ml) in A-549 cell line and 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-yl for 24 hours, 48 hours and 72 hours. Anticancer activities were determined using diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) method. Expression level of DNA repair gene (ERCC1) was determined using RT-PCR method.

Results: As a result, it was determined that the molecule applied to the A-549 cell line showed the highest activity after 72 hours of incubation. It was observed that the ERCC1 gene expression of the molecule applied on lung cancer was lower than the control group.

Discussion: Considering the current study results, low expression of ERCC1 shows that compound B-108 correlates with overall survival on lung cancer cells.
THE PROBLEM OF EDUCATIONAL ORGANIZATION SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT IN THE NEGATIVE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT WITH THE HELP OF SWOT ANALYSIS
Authors:   International Institute of Design and Service, Shageev D.A. , Lvov L.V.
Published: December 2022

A possibility to solve the problem of educational organization sustainable development in the negative environmental impact is discussed. Special attention is paid to curriculum organization during mass disease. Advanced SWOT analysis on the basis of expert assessment is proposed as a nine stages algorithm by the example of MIDIS, the obtained data are analyzed and managerial decisions are offered.
INFORMATION EDUCATIONAL ENVIRONMENT: ANALYSIS, PROBLEMS, PROSPECTS
Authors:   South Ural State Humanitarian Pedagogical University, Pozdnyakova P.A.
Published: December 2022

The article deals with the theoretical issues of informatization in the field of education, current problems and prospects of informatization of education. The influence of the use of information technologies on the educational process and its transformation is discussed. Topical issues of informatization of education are considered. The main problems arising in connection with the introduction of information technologies in the educational process are proposed and substantiated.
MODEL OF FLEXIBLE SKILLS FORMATION OF STUDENTS IN PROFESSIONAL EDUCATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS
Authors:   South Ural State Humanitarian Pedagogical University, Uvarina N.V. , Petrova E.V.
Published: December 2022

This article discusses a problem that describes a model for the formation of flexible skills of students of professional educational organizations. Based on the analysis of psychological and pedagogical literature, the interpretation of the working fundamental concepts of this topic is given. A model of flexible skills formation including organizational-target, motivational, technological and evaluative-effective blocks is offered. The content of the blocks is described. It is concluded that the realization of the described model will promote the formation of marketable highly qualified specialist demanded on the labor market in digitalization time.
THE PRACTICE AND POSSIBILITIES OF IMPLEMENTING THE TECHNOLOGY OF A CAREER LIFT AT A UNIVERSITY IN THE CONDITIONS OF DIGITALIZATION
Authors:   Ural State Economics University, Pesha A.V.
Published: December 2022

Professional and career orientation are part of the proactive activities of universities aimed at ensuring the development of students’ professional identity and planning for the future. The article reveals the results of the analysis of the main possibilities of implementing the technology of a career elevator at a university. In particular, the work focuses on the practices and prospects of embedding various types of activities within the framework of the designated technology in the LMS (learning management system) of universities. The paper concludes that the integrated integration of career elevator elements into the university’s activities will reduce the impact of factors of low demand for university graduates in the labor market, increase the employment of graduates in the specialty as one of the indicators of the quality of university educational services.
METHODS OF FORMING SKILLS TO WORK WITH MATHEMATICAL MODELS AT GEOMETRY CLASSES IN GENERAL EDUCATION SCHOOL
Authors:   International Institute of Design and Service, Omelchenko E.A. , Sokov P.V.
Published: December 2022

The problem of studying mathematical models in the course of school Geometry is discussed. An example of realizing the main requirements of the Federal standards of the main general education and secondary general education in the framework of mathematical modeling process is cited. Attention is paid to working with pupils from non-profession oriented mathematical groups and groups oriented to the professions connected with constructing geometric models. It is noted that mathematical modeling decreases the tension when studying plane geometry and solid geometry at school, providing a possibility to have deeper insight in the features of geometric figures, construct them in the projects in other subjects and fields. It is concluded that study of mathematical models makes teaching Geometry more efficient and provides quality basis to form professional competences, connected with creating and using geometric objects, in future.
GENESIS OF EDUCATIONAL CHINESE LANGUAGE LITERATURE IN RUSSIA (19TH – 21ST CENTURIES)
Authors:   Moscow State University of Sports and Tourism, Tenchurina L.Z. , Xiaofan Liu ,   CKS International Trading (Beijing) Co LTD
Published: December 2022

The article presents the results of a historical and pedagogical study devoted to a retrospective analysis of the main educational literature on the Chinese language, developed and used in Russia since the 19th century within the framework of institutional forms of education: based on the systematization of the identified characteristic features of the main textbooks and teaching aids in the Chinese language, a periodization of the genesis of the educational and methodological support of teaching the Chinese language from the 1830s to the 2020s is proposed; a generalized description of the main educational literature on the Chinese language, which was used at each of the four stages of its development, is given; proposed abstracts for discussion in the order of discussion; conclusions are formulated.
METHODOLOGICAL APPROACHES FOR THE STUDY OF THE PROCESS OF CYBERSOCIALIZATION AND THE FORMATION OF THE NETWORK IDENTITY OF THE PERSONALITY OF YOUTH IN AN EDUCATIONAL ENVIRONMENT
Authors:   South Ural State Humanitarian Pedagogical University, Uvarina N.V. , Pakhtusova N.A.
Published: December 2022

The article discusses the possibilities of methodological approaches to the study of the process of information socialization of personality in the aspect of the formation of network identity in the conditions of modern virtual educational environment. The concepts of «cybersocialization», «virtual educational environment», «network identity of the individual» are presented. The roles and possibilities of methodological approaches in the study of the processes of individualization and socialization of personality in a virtual educational space are determined.
Terahertz multibeam modulation reflection-coded metasurface
Authors: Huang Ruo-Tong , Li Jiu-Sheng ,   Center for THz Research, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, China
Published: December 2022

Most of reported coding metasurfaces only use phase encoding or amplitude encoding to regulate electromagnetic waves, which limits the flexibility of terahertz wave regulation. In this work, a metasurface element structure is proposed. The metasurface element is composed of three layers, i.e. metal pattern structure layer, intermediate medium layer, and metal base layer. According to the geometric phase principle, the phase coverage in the 2π range can be achieved by rotating the metal pattern structure layer under the incidence of the circular-polarized terahertz wave. The metasurface element structure is arranged reasonably by using the phase coding, and the 1-bit and 2-bit phase coding metasurface are designed. First of all, the coding metasurface with interlacing “0” and “1” is designed to generate a double beam reflection under the vertical incidence of circular polarized terahertz waves, while the two-dimensional checkerboard coding metasurface with “0” and “1” generates a symmetrical four-beam reflection. In addition, the metasurface is designed to deflect the reflected beam, and the coding period is changed to design the metasurface to deflect the reflected beam to the specified angle, showing good flexibility. Finally, the convolutional operation is introduced to flexibly regulate the circular polarized beam, and the functions of beam splitting and reflection beam deflection are obtained. The amplitude coded metasurface is designed under theincidence of the online polarized terahertz wave, and the near-field imaging effect can be realized by the amplitude differentiation of polarization reflection. The designed amplitude coded metasurface realizes the function of imaging in space, presenting the designed “CJLU” pattern, which has different imaging effects at different observation locations. When the observation plane distance is 80 μm at the observation frequency of 1.22 THz, the near-field imaging effect is best. In conclusion, we propose a terahertz multibeam modulation reflection-coded metasurface, which combines geometric phase and amplitude variation to achieve different terahertz wave modulation functions under different polarization incident terahertz waves. The results from the simulated near-field radiation model and the far-field radiation model are both in agreement with the theoretical calculation predictions. The designed metasurface provides a degree of freedom method for terahertz wave polarization and phase manipulation, which greatly improves the efficiency of terahertz wave manipulation and has potential applications in terahertz systems.
First-principles study of single-molecule-structure determination of dithienoborepin isomers
Authors: Peng Shu-Ping , Huang Xu-Dong , Liu Qian , Ren Peng , Wu Dan , Fan Zhi-Qiang ,   Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronic Materials Genome Engineering, School of Physics and Electronic Science, Changsha University of Science and Technology, Changsha 410114, China
Published: December 2022

Previous research results show that the conductance difference in molecular junction caused by quantum interference (QI) effect is an important way to identify isomers or improve the recognition sensitivity. Recently, single-molecule conductance of two fully π-conjugated dithienoborepin (DTB) isomers (DTB-A and DTB-B) with tricoordinate boron centers has been measured by using the scanning tunneling microscopy break junction technique. The result shows that QI can enhance chemical responsivity in single-molecule DTB junction. In this work, the first-principles method based on density functional theory and non-equilibrium Green's function is used to study the influence of QI effect on spin-transport property of DTB molecular junction connected to the nickel electrode, and the purpose of distinguishing DTB isomers (DTB-A and DTB-B) is realized by using amino and nitro passivation. The results show that the pristine DTB-A molecule and DTB-B molecule both have a up-spin transmission peak dominated by HOMO and a down-spin transmission peak dominated by LUMO on both sides of the Fermi level, and the energy positions and coefficients of two transmission peaks are basically the same. Therefore, the up-spin and down-spin current curves of the two junctions basically coincide, so that it is impossible to clearly distinguish the two isomers of DTB molecule simply by spin current. The QI can enhance the spin-polarized transport capability of two orbitals of amino-passivated DTB-A molecule to varying degrees but weaken the spin-polarized transport capability of two orbitals of amino-passivated DTB-B molecule. Therefore, the current of DTB-A molecular junction passivated by amino group is always higher than that of DTB-B molecular junction passivated by amino group. However, the QI can greatly enhance the spin-polarized transport capability of two orbitals of nitro-passivated DTB-B molecule but weaken the spin-polarized transport capability of two orbitals of nitro-passivated DTB-A molecule. Therefore, the current of DTB-B molecular junction passivated by nitro is always higher than that of DTB-A molecular junction passivated by nitro. Because the QI has different effects on the spin-transport capability of DTB-A and DTB-B passivated by amino or nitro group, so the two isomers of DTB molecule can be distinguished by measuring the spin current value. The above conclusions provide more theoretical guidance for the practical preparation of spin molecular junctions and the regulation of their spin-transport performance in the future.
Acoustic radiation force of elastic spherical shell with eccentric droplet in plane wave acoustic field
Authors: Pan Rui-Qi , Li Fan , Du Zhi-Wei , Hu Jing , Mo Run-Yang , Wang Cheng-Hui ,   Institute of Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Ultrasonics, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710062, China
Published: December 2022

Based on the application of acoustic waves in cell manipulation, a model consisting of an elastic spherical shell and eccentric droplet is established to simulate a eukaryotic cell and analyze the acoustic radiation force (ARF) on the cell. In this work, we derive an exact expression for the ARF on the liquid-filled spherical shell. The influence of eccentric distance, radius of the eccentric droplet and impedance of the medium inside the liquid-filled spherical shell on the ARF are analyzed numerically. The results show that the ARF is very sensitive to the position and size of the eccentric droplet. As the eccentricity of the eccentric droplet increases, the ARF becomes greater. In a low frequency region (ka<3) the resonance peak point increases, and the position of the curve ventral point shifts to the high frequency region (ka>3) with the increase of the radius of the eccentric droplet. The effect of the position variation on the ARF is more significant than that of the radius change, and both of their effects will be superimposed on each other. The ARF, as a function of ka, is mainly affected by the variation of the nucleus characteristic impedance. The ARF amplitude around ka = 5 increases and the position of the ventral point tends to shift rightwards with the enlargement of the nucleus impedance. Therefore, the radiation response at a certain frequency or in a cell size range can be enhanced when the nucleus impedance increases. The results of this study provide theoretical basis for the cell sorting and targeted therapy.
Spin blocking effect at Ni/Pt heterojunction
Authors: Du Meng-Yao , Qiu Zhi-Yong ,   Key Laboratory of Materials Modification by Laser, Ion and Electron Beams, Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116000, China
Published: December 2022

Spin current, the flow of spin angular momentum, can carry and transport energy and/or information without generating Joule heating, which makes spin-based devices become one of the potential aspects for the next-generation information processing devices. It is important to investigate the generation, transport, and detection of spins for developing spin-based devices, in which the spin transport and its related phenomena attract ongoing interest due to the complex interactions between spins and condensed matter system. Here, spin transport phenomenon is studied at a heterojunction consisting of ferromagnetic metal nickel and nonmagnetic heavy metal platinum, where transport spins are found to be totally blocked. Two series of spin-pumping devices, i.e. the yttrium iron garnet (YIG)/Ni/Pt trilayer devices and the contrastive YIG/Ni bilayer devices, are made in this work. The YIG serves as a substrate and spin-pump layer, on which nickel film and platinum film are deposited by a dc magnetron sputtering system. Spin currents are generated from YIG and injected into nickel layers by spin pumping technology. The voltage signals corresponding to the inverse spin Hall effect are detected and analyzed comparatively for both YIG/Ni/Pt trilayer device and YIG/Ni bilayer device. It is found that the platinum layers in YIG/Ni/Pt trilayer devices act only as charge current shunting but do not contribute to the spin-charge conversion. This implies that the spin current cannot transport through the Ni/Pt interface even when the nickel layer is as thin as 1 nm, in other words, the spin current is blocked at the Ni/Pt interface. Our result proposes a heterojunction that can block transport spins totally, which has never been discussed before, and the present study may expand the views and promote the development of spin-based devices.
Comparative Analysis of 119 Ambulance Services Before and After the Outbreak of COVID-19
Authors: Kang Kyunghee
Published: December 2022

This study analyzed the changes in emergency ambulance call volume and emergency ambulance time (interval) in Gyeonggi-do, South Korea, before and after the outbreak of COVID-19. The analysis revealed that the ambulance call volume to 119 (South Korea's emergency telephone number) decreased by 53,300 from 694,238 in the one-year period of January 20, 2019–January 19, 2020 to 640,938 in January 20, 2020–January 19, 2021. Similarly, the daily average 119 ambulance call volume also decreased from 1,893.8 to 1,761.7 in the same one-year period before and after the outbreak of COVID-19. Ambulance time from activation to return recorded a statistically significant increase of 6.84 min from 49.12 min to 55.96 min on average, with a median of 3 min from 39 min to 42 min, for the one-year period before and after the outbreak of COVID-19. Amid the continued spread of COVID-19 and the high probability of recurrence of a similar pandemic in the future, future research should distinguish between emergency response to accidents and infectious diseases. In addition, by reflecting the regional characteristics and household income characteristics based on the metropolitan or city, county, and other government units, an effective 119 ambulance service system can be established—one that can respond to the occurrence and continuous spread of infectious diseases.
Analysis of Major Factors for Designing Large Scale Cone-calorimeters
Authors: You Woo Jun , Park Jung Wook , Kim Jung Yong , Kim Tea Jung , Hwang Cheol Hong , Kim Sung Chan
Published: December 2022

In this study, fundamental research was conducted to analyze the correlation between the main design factors of large-scale cone-calorimeters and the heat release rate. The specifications for designing cone-calorimeters of 1 MW or higher, which have been constructed in foreign research institutes, were investigated. In addition, the relationship between the total amount of smoke generated in the plume and the heat release rate determined via the oxygen consumption method was reviewed. The temperature variation inside the duct and the oxygen concentration could be decreased as the height and size of the hood increased. These results could have an important effect on the mass flow rate and oxygen consumption coefficient when calculating the heat release rate. To accurately determine the heat release rate of a large cone-calorimeter is determined, further research is necessary to analyze the design factors considering not only the blowing capacity but also the shape of the hood and height from the fire source.
A Study on Refrigerant Type Moisture Eliminator for Extending Filter Lifetime of Air Charger
Authors: Jung Jae-Han , Sung Si-Min , Yang Jung-Mo , Park Tae-Yul , Ji Dae-Jun , Lim Woo-Sub , Oh Jaesung
Published: December 2022

The life of the purification filter of an air charger is reduced by more than 20-30% under the conditions of 30-40 ℃ temperature and 60-90% Rh. Therefore, this study intends to extend the filter life to 150 h by conducting a study on a cooling type water eliminator that can minimize the environmental impact. In this study, a cooling type water eliminator is manufactured before the final filter. The moisture eliminator is developed to measure the time to reach the moisture level (25 mg/m3) and filter life. Finally, the performance is confirmed through air quality request analysis from the Korea Fire Institute (KFI). The filter life is extended up to 84 h by conducting a self-experiment. Finally, the air quality operated up to 150 h is analyzed. All the analyzed values are confirmed to be within the performance standard range.
Analysis of Fire Prediction Performance of Image Classification Models based on Convolutional Neural Network
Authors: Roh Joo-Hyung , Min Se-Hong , Kong Min-Suk
Published: December 2022

In this study, fire prediction performance was analyzed using convolutional neural network (CNN)-based classification models such as MobileNetV2, ResNet101, and EfficientNetB0 applicable to an edge computing-based fire detection system for improving fire safety. The fire prediction performance was evaluated using the performance evaluation measures including accuracy, recall, precision, F1-score, and the confusion matrix. The model size and inference time were assessed in terms of the light-weight classification model for the practical deployment and use. The analysis results confirmed that the EfficientNetB0 model had the highest fire prediction accuracy, and the MobileNetV2 was the best light-weight classification model. Notably, additionally learning the image features about light and haze images having similar features with those of the fire images improved the fire prediction accuracy of the light-weight MobileNetV2 model.
Experiment using High-Expansion Foaming Agent in an Underground Utility Tunnel as a Fire Suppression Method
Authors: Park Joon Gil , Lee Min Chul
Published: December 2022

This study conducted a discharging experiment of high-expansion foams at a real-scale experimental underground utility tunnel and proposed an effective fire response plan. The study analyzed the discharge and foaming characteristics of high-expansion foam in the event of an underground utility tunnel fire. When high-expansion foams were injected at one point, foam agents started to break out four minutes after reaching reduction time. Meanwhile, when high-expansion foams were injected at three points, the experimental tunnel was filled entirely after seven minutes using 650 L of extinguishing agent. Moreover, in the cellar nozzle experiment, discharging from a nozzle injected horizontally to a manhole was more effective than that from a nozzle vertically injected to push smoke and heat.
Ignitability of Jet A1 Oxygen Co-axial Diffusion Flames Diluted with Inert Gases
Authors: Ryu Myung-Ho , Park Seul-Hyun
Published: December 2022

In this study, the ignitability characteristics affected by an oxygen coaxial flow diluted with inert gases (nitrogen and helium) were experimentally investigated using Jet A1 oxygen diffusion flame configurations. As the molar concentration of oxygen supplied to the coaxial flow increased, the dilution of the inert gas decreased, which drastically lowered the measured minimum ignition energy. When only oxygen gas was supplied to the coaxial flow without dilution with the inert gas, ignition was most easily observed, thereby widening the ignition range. With a constant oxygen-inert co-flow rate, the ignition suppressibility under helium dilution was superior to that under nitrogen dilution as the molar concentration of oxygen decreased.
An Empirical Study for the Revision of the Domestic Standard for the Storage Room Temperature of the Carbon Dioxide Fire Extinguishing Agent
Authors: Kim Tae-Woo , Hang Dong-Hun
Published: December 2022

“National Fire Safety Code of Carbon Dioxide Fire Extinguishing Systems (NFSC 106)” restricts the storage room temperature of the fire extinguishing agent storage container to 40 °C or less. This standard was borrowed from the Japanese standard at the time of enactment of the domestic standard in 1982. This is at least 9 °C or more lower than the currently internationally used temperature standards such as NFPA 12 and ISO 6183. The low temperature standard increases the safety of the storage container; however, it may act as a regulation requiring the installation of an additional air conditioner. In this study, to conduct efficient experiments and to propose a standard for a reasonable storage room temperature, a container with an internal volume of 3.4 L was used, instead of a 68 L container with a filling ratio of 1.5, which is generally used as a storage container for the carbon dioxide extinguishing agent. However, the filling ratio (or filling density), pressure proof test pressure, and maximum filling pressure of the two containers were identical. Then, the ambient temperature of the storage container was increased from 20 °C to 50 °C, and the change in the container pressure was demonstrated. This experiment demonstrated that the safety of the storage container was maintained without abnormal phenomena such as operation (destruction) of the safety valve (rupture plate) or leakage, despite the increase in the internal pressure of the container up to 50 °C. Therefore, the storage room temperature standard of the domestic carbon dioxide fire extinguishing agent storage container was proposed to be 49 °C or less at a filling ratio of 1.47 (filling density of 0.68), same as that of ISO 6183.
Measurement of Pyrolysis Properties for Fire Spread Simulations of Spray Polyurethane Foam
Authors: Mun Sun-Yeo , Lee Jung-Hun , Hwang Cheol-Hong
Published: December 2022

In this study, measurements and a review of the pyrolysis properties required for fire spread simulations of rigid spray polyurethane foam (SPF) were performed. The change in the mass ratio of the hardener and resin during the foaming of the SPF had little effect on the reference temperature and reaction rate at which the pyrolysis reaction most actively occurred. As the heating rate increased in TGA, a higher pyrolysis reaction rate was predicted. The Kissinger method to calculate the activation energy (Ea) under various heating rates was expected to more accurately predict fire spread phenomena compared to the method that applied Tp and rp measured with a single heating rate. However, the Ea determined by the Kissinger method was similar to the value at a degree of conversion of approximately 30% using the Flynn-Wall-Ozawa method. Consequently, considering the initial fire spread on the SPF surface, the Kissinger method could potentially overestimate the fire spread rate.