bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
FORMULASI DAN UJI AKTIVITAS ANTIBAKTERI DARI SEDIAAN GEL HAND SANITIZER EKSTRAK ETANOL BUNGA BELIMBING WULUH (Averrhoa bilmbi Linn) TERHADAP BAKTERI Staphylococcus aureus
Authors: Br Tarigan Betharina , Shania Rizna Witha
Published: February 2025

Latar belakang: Penyakit infeksi merupakan salah satu penyebab utama kematian di seluruh dunia, dengan infeksi yang disebabkan oleh bakteri seperti Staphylococcus aureus dan Staphylococcus epidermidis menjadi sangat umum. Penggunaan antibiotik yang berlebihan sering kali mengakibatkan resistensi antimikroba, menambah kesulitan dalam pengobatan infeksi. Oleh karena itu, pencarian alternatif pengobatan menggunakan bahan alami, seperti ekstrak daun salam (Syzygium polyanthum), menjadi semakin penting. Daun salam diketahui mengandung senyawa aktif seperti flavonoid dan minyak atsiri yang memiliki potensi sebagai antibakteri. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi aktivitas antibakteri dari sediaan patch ekstrak etanol daun salam terhadap bakteri tersebut.
Tujuan: Mengetahui aktivitas antibakteri sediaan patch ekstrak etanol daun salam (Syzygium polyanthum W.) terhadap bakteri Staphylococcus aureus dan Staphylococcus epidermidis, mengidentifikasi pertumbuhan bakteri mana yang memiliki daya hambat lebih besar dengan menggunakan sediaan patch ekstrak etanol daun salam, serta mengetahui kandungan senyawa metabolit sekunder yang terdapat pada daun salam.
Metode: Penelitian dilakukan secara eksperimental dengan formulasi F0 (blanko), FI (5%), FII (10%), dan FIII (15%). Sediaan patch dievaluasi dari segi organoleptik, pH, ketahanan lipat, dan karakterisasi fisik lainnya. Pengujian aktivitas antibakteri dilakukan dengan metode difusi kertas cakram.
Hasil: Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sediaan patch yang dihasilkan memiliki variasi warna dan bau sesuai dengan konsentrasi ekstrak, aktivitas antibakteri terhadap Staphylococcus aureus menunjukkan diameter zona hambat sebagai berikut: FI: 12,05 mm; FII: 13,78 mm; FIII: 15,48 mm. Aktivitas antibakteri terhadap Staphylococcus epidermidis: FI: 7,75 mm; FII: 12,49 mm; FIII: 14,57 mm. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak etanol daun salam dapat diformulasikan menjadi sediaan patch, meskipun potensi antibakterinya berada dalam kategori lemah.
Kesimpulan: : Ekstrak etanol daun salam (Syzygium polyanthum W.) dapat diformulasikan menjadi sediaan patch dan memiliki aktivitas antibakteri terhadap Staphylococcus aureus dan Staphylococcus epidermidis, meskipun efektivitasnya masih tergolong lemah. Penelitian ini memberikan dasar untuk pengembangan lebih lanjut terhadap sediaan berbasis ekstrak daun salam dalam pengobatan infeksi bakteri.
OPTIMALISASI BRANDING KOTA PAREPARE SEBAGAI DESTINASI WISATA MARITIM
Authors: Nurfadhilah  , Tijjang Bakhtiar , Hamid Sulaik Abdul , Etar T  , Purwanda Nur Widia
Published: February 2025

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis dan mengoptimalkan branding Kota Parepare sebagai destinasi wisata maritim yang menarik bagi wisatawan domestik dan internasional. Kota Parepare, yang terletak di pesisir Sulawesi Selatan, memiliki potensi wisata maritim yang kaya, termasuk keindahan pantai, budaya bahari, serta kegiatan wisata terkait laut lainnya. Namun, meskipun memiliki sumber daya alam dan budaya yang melimpah, branding kota ini belum sepenuhnya dimaksimalkan untuk menarik minat wisatawan. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan metode studi literatur, serta observasi lapangan untuk mengidentifikasi faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi efektivitas branding Parepare sebagai destinasi wisata maritim. Hasil penelitian ini diharapkan dapat memberikan rekomendasi strategi branding yang lebih optimal, mencakup penguatan identitas kota, pengembangan infrastruktur pendukung wisata, serta promosi yang lebih efektif baik secara online maupun offline. Diharapkan, optimalisasi branding Parepare dapat meningkatkan jumlah kunjungan wisatawan, memperkuat citra kota, dan mendorong perkembangan ekonomi lokal melalui sektor pariwisata.
Estudios críticos de jurisprudencia de la Corte Suprema de Justicia n.9
Authors: Posada Ricardo , Posada Ricardo
Published: February 2025

La presente obra de estudios de jurisprudencia —la novena entrega de la
serie— constituye un esfuerzo continuo realizado por los profesores de
derecho penal de las facultades de Derecho de la Universidad de los
Andes y de la Sergio Arboleda (Bogotá, Colombia), todos ellos jueces o
abogados en ejercicio, cuyo propósito es acercar las discusiones
actuales planteadas por algunas de las decisiones de la Sala de Casación
Penal de la Corte Suprema de Justicia al estudio del Derecho, con altos
estándares de calidad. Para tal fin, se analizan de manera seriada
algunos de los pronunciamientos judiciales de la mencionada Sala, como
herramientas imprescindibles para cerrar la distancia entre la realidad
práctica de los tribunales, las aulas de clase y el ejercicio
profesional, y para generar nuevo conocimiento para estudiantes y
practicantes de la profesión.
Hava Aracı Hareketliliği ve Havalimanlarındaki Hava Kalitesi Arasındaki İlişkinin İncelenmesi: Aerosol İndeksi ve Avrupa Örneği
Authors: Kaçar Eray , Kalkan Kaan
Published: February 2025

Bu çalışma, Avrupa'nın en yoğun altı havalimanında (İstanbul (LTFM), Amsterdam Schiphol (EHAM), Paris Charles de Gaulle (LFPG), Londra Heathrow (EGLL), Frankfurt (EDDF) ve Madrid Barajas (LEMD)) Ocak 2023 - Kasım 2024 arasındaki hava trafiği ile atmosferik aerosol indeksi (AAI) arasındaki ilişkiyi incelemektedir. Sentinel-5P uydusundan alınan AAI verileri kullanılarak, her havalimanı için hava trafiği ve AAI değerleri, zamansal değişimleri ve aralarındaki korelasyonlar analiz edilmiştir. Bu çalışma özelinde, hava trafiği ile AAI arasında genel ve belirgin bir ilişki saptanmamıştır. Bununla birlikte, havalimanı bazında yapılan incelemeler, bu ilişkinin her bir havalimanında farklı derecelerde ve bazı durumlarda düzensiz bir şekilde ortaya çıktığını göstermiştir. Madrid Barajas ve Paris Charles de Gaulle'de ilişki zayıf ve düzensizken, Amsterdam Schiphol, Londra Heathrow ve Frankfurt'ta belirgin bir negatif, İstanbul'da ise zayıf bir pozitif ilişki gözlenmiştir. Endüstriyel faaliyetler, kentsel ısınma ve diğer ulaşım kaynakları gibi faktörlerin AAI değerlerine etkisi çalışma kapsamı dışında bırakılmıştır. Sonuç olarak, hava trafiği ve AAI ilişkisi havalimanlarına göre değişmekte ve Sentinel-5P verileri bu tür analizlerde değerli bir araç sunmaktadır.
Efektivitas Teknik Tanam dan Jarak Tanam terhadap Pertumbuhan dan Produksi Selada Merah (Lactuca sativa var. Crispa) pada Wiremesh Tower Garden
Authors: Yulianti Anggie , Puspitawati Mutiara Dewi , Warid
Published: February 2025

Tanaman selada merah (Lactuca sativa var. Crispa) yaitu tanaman sayuran daun yang memiliki bentuk daun keriting atau bergelombang dan berwarna hijau kemerahan. Tanaman ini banyak disukai oleh urban community di kota karena memiliki nilai gizi yang baik, mudah tumbuh, dan estetik. Keterbatasan lahan atau ruang yang dimiliki grower menjadi kendala utama dalam budidaya selada merah di kota sehingga diperlukan teknik tanam secara vertikal atau vertikultur. Teknik vertikultur yang digunakan yakni vertikultur Wiremesh Tower Garden (WTG). Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk membandingkan efektivitas pertumbuhan dan produksi selada merah pada WTG dengan budidaya konvensional di lahan. Rancangan lingkungan yang digunakan adalah Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) yang terdiri atas dua faktor yaitu teknik tanam sebagai faktor pertama yang terdiri atas WTG dan konvensional/lahan terbuka. Sedangkan jarak tanam merupakan  faktor kedua yang terdiri atas 10x12 cm dan 20x24 cm. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan teknik tanam WTG  dengan rekomendasi jarak tanam 10 x 12 cm memberikan hasil tidak berbeda nyata pada tinggi tanaman, lebar daun, jumlah daun, bobot segar tajuk, bobot segar akar, bobot produksi total tanaman, bobot produksi segar tajuk dan kandungan vitamin C dibandingan teknik tanam secara konvensional atau di lahan. Penggunakan teknik tanam WTG memberikan keuntungan dengan luasan lahan yang hemat (sempit), dapat ditanam di lahan pekerasan (semen atau aspal), meberikan hasil pertumbuhan dan produksi yang sama dengan teknik tanam secara konvensional di lahan.
Analisis Kinerja Agro-Eduwisata PT. Hidroponik Padjadjaran Indonesia melalui Pendekatan Balanced Scorecard
Authors: Thoriq Ahmad Thoriq , Amayu Kharista , Pratopo Lukito Hasta , Perwitasari Sophia Dwiratna Nur , Septiningsih Ratna Dwi
Published: February 2025

Salah satu unit usaha PT Hidroponik Padjadjaran Indonesia bergerak di bidang agroedutourism. Pendapatan utama dari usaha ini adalah kegiatan edukasi dan pelatihan hidroponik. Permasalahannya adalah dalam beberapa tahun terakhir telah terjadi fluktuasi jumlah pengunjung dan peserta pelatihan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melakukan analisis kinerja agroedutourism di PT Hidroponik Padjadjaran Indonesia. Metode yang digunakan adalah pendekatan balanced scorecard berdasarkan perspektif keuangan, pelanggan, proses internal bisnis, dan perspektif pembelajaran. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pada perspektif keuangan diperoleh nilai Return on Asset (ROA) sebesar 0,25%/tahun, Return on Equity (ROE) sebesar 10,57%/tahun dan nilai Net Profit Margin (NPM) sebesar 44%/tahun. Berdasarkan perspektif konsumen, hasil nilai Customer Satisfaction Index (CSI) adalah sebesar 80%. Artinya, sebagian besar konsumen merasa puas terhadap kinerja perusahaan. Berdasarkan persektif pembelajaran diperoleh hasil sebesar 73,93% karyawan yang merasa puas terhadap kinerja perusahaan dan pada perspektif internal bisnis diketahui bahwa terdapat dua produk inovasi yang dihasilkan dan mendukung kinerja perusahaan. Meskipun demikian, berdasarkan perspektif keuangan, hasil ROA 0,25% per tahun merupakan nilai di bawah standar dan perlu ditingkatkan. Solusi untuk meningkatkan kinerja usaha adalah dengan memberikan layanan dan promosi secara intensif ke sekolah yang berada di sekitar area industri. Selain itu, perlu peningkatan intensitas pelatihan untuk meningkatkan kapasitas pegawai di PT Hidroponik Padjadjaran Indonesia.
EDUCAÇÃO EM SAÚDE SEXUAL PARA JOVENS E ADOLESCENTES EM ESCOLAS DE VALENÇA-RJ - UM RELATO DE EXPERIÊNCIA
Authors: Silva Wendell Xavier Santana da , Tirre Esther Rocha da Paz , Castro Felipe Rodrigues , Lippi Kayo Pinheiro , Gonçalves Maria Hortência Farolfi de Melo , Leite Juliana Brovini
Published: February 2025

Esse artigo buscou abordar a associação entre a educação sobre saúde sexual, com o objetivo de levantar e analisar dados sobre o assunto no município de Valença-RJ, com o fito de estabelecer uma relação positiva entre a educação e a saúde de adolescentes e jovens auxiliando também na profilaxia do problema. A metodologia consistiu na realização de palestras abordando os assuntos como infecções sexualmente transmissíveis (IST), a importância de ir ao médico rotineiramente, o uso de métodos contraceptivos correto e adequado para cada caso, prevenção da gravidez na adolescência, prevenção ao abuso sexual e levantar dados por meio de um questionário anônimo aos estudantes do ensino médio. Os resultados evidenciaram um déficit de conhecimento sobre saúde sexual nas escolas, mesmo diante de tantos avanços tecnológicos na informação e midiáticos, o que a torna um problema de saúde coletiva. Conclui-se que o tema ainda é de difícil acesso aos adolescentes e jovens, ainda que frequentem a escola, que é o meio mais adequado para abordar o assunto, o qual mostra a importância da inserção dos tema educativos em saúde sexual para jovens e adolescentes para ampliar o conhecimento profilático.
Sediment fluxes dominate glacial–interglacial changes in ocean carbon inventory: results from factorial simulations over the past 780 000 years
Authors: Adloff Markus , Jeltsch-Thömmes Aurich , Pöppelmeier Frerk , Stocker Thomas F. , Joos Fortunat
Published: February 2025

Abstract. Atmospheric CO2 concentrations varied over ice age cycles due to net exchange fluxes of carbon between land, ocean, marine sediments, lithosphere, and the atmosphere. Marine sediments and polar ice cores archived indirect biogeochemical evidence of these carbon transfers, which resulted from poorly understood responses of the various carbon reservoirs to climate forcing. Modelling studies demonstrated the potential of several physical and biogeochemical processes to impact atmospheric CO2 under steady-state glacial conditions. However, it remains unclear how much these processes affected carbon cycling during transient changes of repeated glacial cycles and what role the burial and release of sedimentary organic and inorganic carbon and nutrients played. Addressing this knowledge gap, we produced a simulation ensemble with various idealised physical and biogeochemical carbon cycle forcings over the repeated glacial inceptions and terminations of the last 780 kyr with the Bern3D Earth system model of intermediate complexity, which includes dynamic marine sediments. The long simulations demonstrate that initiating transient glacial simulations with an interglacial geologic carbon cycle balance causes isotopic drifts that require several hundreds of thousands of years to overcome. These model drifts need to be considered when designing spin-up strategies for model experiments. Beyond this, our simulation ensemble allows us to gain a process-based understanding of the transient carbon fluxes resulting from the forcings and the associated isotopic shifts that could serve as proxy data. We present results of the simulated Earth system dynamics in the non-equilibrium glacial cycles and a comparison with multiple proxy time series. From this we draw several conclusions. In our simulations, the forcings cause sedimentary perturbations that have large effects on marine and atmospheric carbon storage and carbon isotopes. Dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) changes differ by a factor of up to 28 between simulations with and without interactive sediments, while CO2 changes in the atmosphere are up to 4 times larger when interactive sediments are simulated. The relationship between simulated DIC (−1800–1400 GtC) and atmospheric CO2 change (−170–190 GtC) over the last deglaciation is strongly setup-dependent, highlighting the need for considering multiple carbon reservoirs and multi-proxy analyses to more robustly quantify global carbon cycle changes during glacial cycles.
Measurement report: Number size distribution of sub-40 nm particles in the Amazon rainforest
Authors: Zhu Jianqiang , Li Guo , Kuhn Uwe , Meller Bruno Backes , Pöhlker Christopher , Artaxo Paulo , Pöschl Ulrich , Cheng Yafang , Su Hang
Published: February 2025

Abstract. The Amazon rainforest is a unique environment to investigate aerosol properties with limited impact from human activities, further providing a new perspective to look at the aerosol characteristics in regions heavily affected by anthropogenic emissions. Obtaining the size distributions of nucleation mode particles in the atmosphere is key to understanding aerosol formation, evolution and their impacts. Although routine and long-term aerosol measurements have been conducted in the Amazon region, information regarding sub-10 nm particles is still limited. In this study, we performed aerosol measurements from December 2022 to January 2023 on a 54-meterhigh platform of the Amazon Tall Tower Observatory (ATTO). Three advanced instruments namely the Nano Condensation Nuclei Counter (nCNC), the Neutral Cluster and Air Ion Spectrometer (NAIS), and the NanoScanning Mobility Particle Sizer (SMPS), were employed to measure the number size distributions of aerosol particles and naturally charged ions smaller than 40 nm. The results reveal that the median total number concentration of the measured particles with diameters ranging from 1.5 nm to 1000 nm was 969 cm-3. We found concentration. There was a significant increase in the number concentration of sub-3 nm particles in January 2023 (median, 573 cm-3) a large number of particles smaller than 3.5 nm, which accounted for up to 59 % of the measured total number compared to December 2022 (371 cm-3). The median number concentration of particles above 3.5 nm in December and January were 481 and 335 cm-3, respectively. No typical regional new particle formation events were observed throughout the measurement period. However, clear diurnal variations were observed for the sub-3 nm particles under pristine conditions, with the maximum concentration around noontime. Similar diurnal patterns were also observed for natural cluster ions (0.8–2 nm), with their concentration in January slightly higher than in December. Quantifying the properties of the aerosol particles in the Amazon rainforest helps to understand the processes governing the aerosol budget in the pristine atmosphere, and is essential for determining the impact of anthropogenic aerosols on climate.
NSOAS24: a new global marine gravity model derived from multi-satellite sea surface slopes
Authors: Zhang Shengjun , Chen Xu , Zhou Runsheng , Jia Yongjun
Published: February 2025

Abstract. Judging by the early release of the NSOAS22 model, there were some known issues, such as boundary connection problems in blockwise solutions and a relatively high noise level. By solving these problems, a new global marine gravity model, NSOAS24, is derived based on sea surface slopes (SSSs) from multi-satellite altimetry missions. Firstly, SSSs and along-track deflections of vertical (DOVs) are obtained by retracking, resampling, screening, differentiating, and filtering procedures on the basis of altimeter waveforms and sea surface height measurements. Secondly, DOVs with a 1′×1′ grid interval are further determined using Green's function method, which applies directional gradients to constrain the surface, least-squares fit to constrain noisy points, and tension constraints to smooth the field. Finally, the marine gravity anomaly is recovered from the gridded DOVs according to the Laplace equation. Throughout the entire processing procedure, improvements in accuracy are expected for the NSOAS24 model due to the following changes, e.g., supplementing recent mission observations and removing old mission data, optimizing the step size during Green's function method, and special handling in nearshore areas. These optimizations effectively resolved the known issues of signal aliasing and the “hollow phenomenon” in coastal zones. Typical altimetry-derived marine gravity models are the DTU series released by the Technical University of Denmark and the S&S series released by the Scripps Institution of Oceanography (SIO), University of California San Diego (UCSD). Their latest models, DTU21 and SS V32.1, were used for comparison and validation. Numerical verification was conducted in three experimental areas (the Mariana Trench area, Mid-Atlantic Ridge area, and Antarctic area, representing low-, mid-, and high-latitude zones) with DTU21, SS V32.1, and shipborne data. Taking NSOAS22 for comparison, NSOAS24 showed improvements of 1.2, 0.7, and 1.0 mGal in the three test areas by validating with SS V32.1, while declines of 0.6, 0.5, and 0.3 mGal and 0.2, 0.4, and 0.3 mGal occurred in SD statistics with DTU21 and shipborne data. Finally, NSOAS24 was assessed using two sets of shipborne data (the early National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI) dataset and the later dataset from the Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC), the Marine Geoscience Data System (MGDS), the French Oceanographic Cruises Directory (FOCD), and the French Naval Hydrographic and Oceanographic Service (SHOM)) on a global scale. Generally, NSOAS24 (6.33 and 4.95 mGal) showed a comparable accuracy level with DTU21 (6.20 and 4.71 mGal) and SS V32.1 (6.40 and 5.53 mGal) and better accuracy than NSOAS22 (6.64 and 5.64 mGal). The new model is available at https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12730119 (Zhang et al., 2024).
The MESSy DWARF (based on MESSy v2.55.2)
Authors: Kerkweg Astrid , Kirfel Timo , Do Duong H. , Griessbach Sabine , Jöckel Patrick , Taraborrelli Domenico
Published: February 2025

Abstract. The adaptation of Earth system model (ESM) codes to modern computing architectures is challenging as ESMs consist of a multitude of different components. Historically grown and developed by scientists rather than software engineers, the codes of the individual components are often interwoven, making the optimisation of the ESMs rather challenging, if not impossible. Thus, in the last few years, the codes have become increasingly modularised, and, with that, different components are now disentangled from each other. This helps porting the code section by section to modern computing architectures, e.g. to GPUs. For more than 20 years, the modularisation has been the fundamental concept of the Modular Earth Submodel System (MESSy). It is an integrated framework providing data structures and methods to build comprehensive ESMs from individual components. Each component, e.g. a cloud microphysical scheme, dry deposition of tracer gases, or diagnostic tools, as output along satellite orbits, is coded as an individual so-called submodel. Each submodel is connected via the MESSy infrastructure with all other components, together forming a comprehensive model system. MESSy was mainly developed for research in atmospheric chemistry, and, so far, it has always been connected to a dynamical (climate or weather forecast) model, i.e. what we call a base model. The base model is a development outside the MESSy framework. Running a full dynamical model for technical tests when porting only one submodel is a tedious task and unnecessarily resource-consuming. Therefore, we developed the so-called MESSy DWARF, a simplified base model based on the MESSy infrastructure. We implemented the definition of a very simple grid, a parallelisation scheme, and a time control to replace a fully fledged base model. The MESSy DWARF serves as a valuable tool for technical applications, such as porting individual component implementations to GPUs and performance tests or as an easy test environment for process implementations. Due to the MESSy structure, the applied components can be used in a dynamical model without any changes because the interface is exactly the same. Furthermore, the MESSy DWARF is suited for scientific purposes running simplified models (with only a selection of components), e.g. a chemical box model for the analysis of chamber experiments or a trajectory box model imitating an air parcel rising slowly into the stratosphere. Column and plume models could also easily be built based on the DWARF. In this article, we introduce the technical setup of the MESSy DWARF and show four example applications: (1) a simple application using a component calculating orbital parameters, (2) a chemical kinetics model including photolysis frequency calculation, (3) an application of a chemical box model, and (4) some details on a GPU performance test of the chemical kinetics model.
A viagem redonda: a Lei nº 14.133/2021 e o resiliente problema das normas gerais em licitações e contratações públicas
Authors: Binenbojm Gustavo
Published: February 2025

The article examines the complex and challenging issue of general rules in the New Public Procurement Act, using the figure of contracting agents as a case study. Based on the constitutional premise that, in matters of public procurement, the Union is only responsible for legislating general rules, the author revisits decisions of the Supreme Federal Court to argue that the New Act established specific rules regarding contracting agents, encroaching on the competence of states and municipalities.
Políticas públicas de telessaúde em Santa Catarina: avaliação econômica de ações selecionadas
Authors: Petterini Francis , Valle Moura Guilherme , Buttignon Victor , Muller Ribeiro Mateus , Borges Darlan , Signor Diogo
Published: February 2025

This article presents a detailed analysis of the implementation and impacts of telehealth policies in Santa Catarina, focusing on the state’s Integrated Telemedicine and Telehealth System (STT). Introduced in 2005, telehealth has evolved significantly over the years, establishing itself as an essential tool to reduce patient travel, save public resources, and expand access to healthcare in remote areas. The study highlights that up to 60% of consultations carried out via telehealth avoid unnecessary patient travel, resulting in annual savings of more than BRL 70 million for municipalities, in addition to reducing 14 million kilometers traveled by ambulances. The cost of implementing the equipment is considered low compared to the benefits generated, with an Internal Rate of Return (IRR) exceeding 14,000%. Beyond the economic impact, telehealth has proven effective in reducing waiting lists for exams and diagnoses. For instance, tele-spirometry virtually eliminated waiting lists in two years, while teledermatology reduced waiting times by 80%. Econometric analysis reinforces that telehealth is a robust solution for improving efficiency and equity in the healthcare system. The article concludes that, although expanding telehealth in Santa Catarina is challenging, it presents promising results and stands out as a viable strategy to meet the healthcare demands of vulnerable populations and reduce regional inequalities.
Dívida pública na atividade financeira dos entes subnacionais e o controle pelos Tribunais de contas: rendering of accounts ou accountability?
Authors: Francisconi Cardoso Juliana
Published: February 2025

The topic of public debt is relevant in Brazil, with a history of debates about its impact on the budget. Despite being viewed negatively, it makes up the State’s financial activity and is recognized as an essential tool for financing long-term investments and must be well managed. Public debt control involves cooperative, administrative and normative methods, and in Brazil control through legal and administrative standards prevails, carried out by various institutions, such as the Senate, Ministries, Central Bank and the Audit Courts.
The Audit Courts have a constitutional mandate to monitor public debt, but are often limited to formal analyzes of government accounts, without qualitative assessments or in-depth audits. Studies suggest that the Courts of Auditors should expand their functions, carrying out operational audits and monitoring to improve the efficiency of the use of public resources and meet accountability demands. Poor management of public debt, whether in contracting or execution, compromises economic and social sustainability, requiring joint efforts between regulatory bodies and managers to ensure transparency, efficiency and intergenerational justice.
CONCEPTUAL BASIS IN THE NEW OPERATION OF ACTIVE DISTRIBUTION NETWORKS
Authors: PÉREZ PASTOR JAVIER , CARPIO IBAÑEZ JOSE
Published: February 2025

The high levels of volatility in generation, given the growing weight of variable renewable resources, as well as in demand, given the growing weight of the electrification of the economy, causes continuous growth in the needs for flexibility in electrical systems. This circumstance encourages researchers, regulators and the sector itself to seek the best solutions to transform operation models, based on complementary services from centralized generation, to others in which flexibility from connected energy resources plays a relevant role. to distribution networks. Due to literature has generalist visions or, on the contrary, very specific ones in this regard, this article presents a harmonized vision in which several contexts of analysis have been considered, and the main key points of the current evolution have been reasoned about the active distribution networks according to the review carried out of publications by specialized authors, related organizations and regulation in the EU, concluding with the proposal of a new conceptual paradigm of "Advanced Electrical System".
GENERALIZATION OF C++-BASED DSP SOFTWARE FOR VOLTAGE SOURCE REGULATION AND CONTROL OF DIVERSE POWER CONVERTERS IN PARTICLE ACCELERATORS
Authors: Pinillos Zamorano Nagore , de Mallac Louis , Zielinski Dariusz Jakub , IBARRA BASABE EDORTA , PITTET SERGE , MURILLO GARCIA RAUL , MARTINEZ DE ALEGRIA IÑIGO
Published: February 2025

Large particle accelerator facilities such as the one at The European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN) are good examples of complex systems where a large variety of switched power converters coexist to feed the acceleration systems. Over the years, the low-level voltage source regulation software has evolved in a decentralized manner, making it repetitive and difficult to test, debug and maintain. As reliability is of capital importance, this work investigates the similarities between various representative power systems and their converter-specific software, named CANCUN (Cern Acdc Narrow CoNverter), HL-LHC18kA (High Luminosity Large Hadron Collider 18 kA) and RF3kA (Radio-Frequency 3 kA). Then, a C++ coded common control library, herein named RegDspLib, is proposed to make software generalization possible, taking advantage of Object Oriented Programming (OOP). Among the library's features, the re-factorization includes a unified control state machine. The proposal also provides digital signal processor's (DSP) resource utilization reduction. Modifications over the interrupt handling and generalization of pulse width modulation (PWM) modules through parametrization are also investigated. Finally, experimental results showing the correctness of the proposal are presented. All this provides field engineers and researchers valuable information regarding voltage control software standardization, at a power electronics level, in medium-to-large particle acceleration or other complex industrial systems.

Keywords: C++, control, DC/DC converters, inverters, particle accelerators, power electronics converters, power rectifiers
CLADDING INFLUENCE ON THE MILLING OF LOW-STIFFNESS ALUMINUM ALLOY PARTS WITH LOCAL CLAMPING
Authors: CASUSO LOMAS MIKEL , RUBIO MATEOS ANTONIO , SILVEIRA FERNANDEZ ELENA , VEIGA SUAREZ FERNANDO , LAMIKIZ MENTXAKA AITZOL
Published: February 2025

The milling of aeronautical skins on flexible and reconfigurable fixtures is a major industrial challenge due both to the low rigidity of the skins and to the configuration of these fixtures, which, although they provide a great versatility of use and are an efficient alternative to pollutant chemical milling, vibrations can easily occur in them that may impair the surface quality, increase the error of the final thickness and cause excessive cutting forces. Aiming to foster the use of flexible fixtures, a study of the natural frequencies and cutting forces obtained when milling thin parts has been carried out, with special emphasis on analyzing the influence of the cladding of aluminum alloy parts.
FUZZY SYSTEM FOR THE EVALUATION OF FLOOD LOSSES IN CROPS
Authors: VAZQUEZ LOPEZ JOSE ANTONIO , PADILLA MEDINA ALFREDO , BARRANCO GUTIERREZ ALEJANDRO ISRAEL , HERNANDEZ LOPEZ AIDEE , GALLEGOS SANCHEZ CLAUDIA ALEJANDRA
Published: February 2025

The use of remote sensing system tools allows information processing to be similar to that of a human expert. Diagnosing and mapping information on vegetation conditions by measuring plant vigor is essential for recognizing damage to crops damaged by severe flooding. This study proposes a methodology using images from the Copernicus Sentinel 2B satellite and a fuzzy inference system. Through the calculation of five indices, the metrics obtained by the Disaster Vegetation Damage Index (DVDI) and the Normalized Difference Moisture Index (NDMI) provide notable results for the disaster areas. This allows the information to be examined through five proposed levels to identify the damage and specific data regarding the quantification of the damaged cultivated area. Information that can be used for decision making and studies related to the topic.

Keywords: Fuzzy logic, disaster, agriculture, flood, vegetation index, flood index.
GRAPHIC METHOD USING A SYSTEM OF ARTICULATED LINKS TO CALCULATE THE STATIC RESPONSE OF SUSPENDED CABLES
Authors: AGUERO RUBIO JOSE , LÓPEZ MARTÍNEZ JAVIER , GOMEZ GALAN MARTA , CALLEJÓN FERRE ANGEL JESUS
Published: February 2025

This paper presents a method for studying the static response in suspended cables. A novel discretization technique based on Archimedes' methods is applied, which results in a graphic resolution of the problem based on a system of articulated bars, and which defines a finite cable element.
Parabolic approximation of the cable is studied. The proposed model allows manual calculation. It can solve the problem via three iterations whose equations are drawn from intuitive graphics and with errors less than 2% from the first iteration. Therefore, it represents an important didactic innovation both for professional training and the first engineering courses in the electrical branch.

Key Words: element of length; Archimedes; transcendental equation; parabolic profile; finite elements; graphical statics; electrical vocational training
DESIGN OF A SF6 GAS CONCENTRATION DETECTION SYSTEM BASED ON INFRARED SPECTROSCOPY
Authors: JOHAR GAPAR , WANG QING , MOHDI SHUKR YAJID JACQULINE
Published: February 2025

Abstract:In response to the significant impact of environmental temperature, external light sources, electromagnetic fields, and other factors on the measurement accuracy of non dispersive infrared gas sensors during operation, this paper designs and implements a small experimental testing system with controlled temperature, signal conditioning, and data processing. The STC16 microcontroller is mainly used as the control core, and a signal detection circuit is built. Digital signal processing algorithms are used to denoise and filter digital signals, and the measurement data and calibration data are calculated according to formulas. Finally, real-time display of SF6 gas concentration values under different temperature conditions. The study concluded that this design is based on the principle of infrared spectral absorption and the study of a non spectral infrared SF6 gas sensor system. It analyzes the error between the detected SF6 gas concentration and the actual situation at different temperatures

Keywords: Non-Dispersive Infrared, STC16,Sulfur hexafluoride
Kinerja Sistem Resi Gudang Dalam Mendukung Ekspor Komoditas Kopi
Authors: Wicaksena Bagus
Published: February 2025

Sistem Resi Gudang Kopi (SRG Kopi) adalah instrumen perdagangan bagi petani guna memperoleh harga jual yang baik dan pembiayaan produksi. Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pelaksanaan dan kinerja SRG Kopi. Berdasarkan analisis deskriptif dan Importance Performance Analysis (IPA), PT Ketiara merupakan pengelola SRG Kopi di Aceh Tengah yang telah berkontribusi terhadap peningkatan volume dan nilai barang dalam SRG Kopi. Berdasarkan persepsi responden petani kopi, kinerja PT Ketiara didukung oleh atribut kejelasan tata cara pembuatan resi gudang (prosedur, waktu dan biaya), pemahaman petugas dalam penerbitan resi, pengujian mutu produk yang transparan dan akurat, pengelolaan gudang penyimpanan, kemudahan saat pengeluaran barang, keberadaan fasilitas penjamin, keamanan gudang, fasilitas gudang yang terstandar, ketersediaan informasi harga, bantuan pemasaran oleh pengelola gudang, serta perolehan harga jual yang menguntungkan. Dukungan kebijakan yang diperlukan ke depan adalah sosialisasi kepada petani serta pemberian bagi pihak swasta untuk mendirikan dan mengembangkan kapasitas gudang untuk SRG Kopi
Rancang Bangun Prototipe Pemantau Temperatur Ruang Penyimpanan Anak Timbangan Standar di Unit Metrologi Legal Kabupaten Bandung Barat
Authors: Firmansyah Vera , Nuriska Fanny , Mulyana Teddy , Firmansyah Dudi Adi , Yasri Budi , Muslim Azis , Gianto  , Gunawan T.W Nandang , Sutanto Willi
Published: February 2025

The Legal Metrology Unit (UML) is a unit that carries out metrological activities in the Regency/City. UML has a vital role in achieving a well-measured market. These metrological activities include calibration and re-calibration and metrological supervision activities. One of UML's efforts to support these activities is to maintain the working standards it has, in this case, reference weights. In addition to purchasing existing measuring instruments with four sensors at once being very expensive, prototyping is the leading choice because it can be developed according to needs. This study created a prototype for monitoring the room conditions of the reference weight storage cabinet. This prototype uses four sensors integrated with a microcontroller to measure temperature simultaneously. The testing process for the prototype began with testing the temperature sensor with a standard thermocouple and water bath. Furthermore, the prototype will be tested with a standard thermohygrometer measuring instrument. The test results of the prototype for accuracy have a range of 94%-98%, precision of 97%-98%, and an error of 2%-4%. Meanwhile, the results of the measurement uncertainty of the prototype for the morning are by the provisions in the range of 0.37 °C-0.46 °C, and in the afternoon, they do not comply with the requirements, namely in the range of 0.38°C-0.61 °C.
Comparative Analysis on Bioelectricity Production by Using a Multi-Chambered Biomass
Authors: Soni Shrikant Rajendrakumar , Somalkar Anagha Vasant , Mane Ashish Vilas
Published: February 2025

The study investigates the electrical performance of a biomass battery using different biomass substrates. This method of generating electricity can be employed to meet the lighting requirements of rural households using accessible biomass materials. The process involves the anaerobic breakdown of biomass, which produces ions that drive the generation of power. The production of bioelectricity was tested using Azolla with water in a 5:5 ratio, a mixture of Azolla and cow dung in a 2.5:2.5:5 ratio with water, Pistia with water in a 5:5 ratio, Pistia combined with cow dung in a 2.5:2.5:5 ratio with water, cow dung in a 5:5 ratio with water, and a blend of Azolla, Pistia, and cow dung with water in a 2:2:2:4 ratio. The biomass battery, designed with multiple chambers, utilized zinc plate and carbon rod electrodes to generate bioelectricity from the substrates. The study compared the substrates based on output voltage, current, internal resistance, power density, and the practicality of each.
Impact of Food and Health in 21st Century Era: A Global Economic Crises
Authors: Sharma Priya , Kumari Archana , Shivali Shivali , Sharma Versha
Published: February 2025

Global economic crises have a significant influence on how food and health are related in the twenty-first century, as they increase food poverty and health inequities. Rising food prices and supply chain disruptions, often caused by economic downturns, lead to increased incidence of malnutrition and diet-related problems. Access to nutrient-dense food declines. Economic instability increases the likelihood of hardship by limiting vulnerable populations' access to food and healthcare, particularly for those residing in low-income areas. It aggravates mental health issues, chronic health issues, and overworked healthcare systems. As a result of decreased investment in sustainable agricultural techniques brought on by climate change, people's ability to withstand shocks in the future is weakened. In the face of ongoing economic turbulence, a healthier population and a more resilient food system necessitate successful policy initiatives and international cooperation. Food, health, and global crises are all closely related issues with wide-ranging effects. A growing number of food crises are being caused by a number of overlapping, annual factors that contribute to famine. The interplay of economic shocks, conflict, and the consequences of the climate catastrophe must be taken into account in order to fully comprehend the scope of the problem. Hunger, non-communicable illnesses, and pandemics are interconnected problems that exacerbate poverty and economic inequality, particularly in emerging nations.
A Pharmacological Study of Boerhavia diffusa Roots in The Treatment of Eye Diseases
Authors: Pradhan Naresh Chandra , Sarkar Ashish
Published: February 2025

The present research work aims to explore the therapeutic uses of root of Boerhavia diffusa in eye ailments particularly to evaluate its suitability as a topical formulation in the form of eye drops. The study utilised both the in vivo and in vitro techniques in order to assess the effectiveness and safety of the plant extract. Male adult Wistar albino rats were used in inducing cataracts and in the efficacy testing of the formulated eye drops. The study contrasted the outcomes of the Boerhavia diffusa-based eye drops against a traditional commerical eye drop known as Itone. Studies revealed that the herbal formulate did not cause any form of ocular irritation and also that there were possibilities of using this formulation to controlled formation of cataract. The lens opacity score analysis using photometry and lens morphology observation for 30 days showed that treatments with Boerhavia diffusa eye drops had less increase from the basal level and less fold increase compared to the control group. They hypothesize that this herbal preparation could be an effective Natural treatment option or an adjunct therapy for some eye afflictions especially cataract.
Study on Attenuation Coefficients of Cubic BaTiO3
Authors: A.S. Madhusudhan Rao
Published: February 2025

Determining the density, coefficient of thermal expansion of BaTiO3 across range of 400 K to 1075 K is principal goal of the investigation. Coefficient of temperature dependence of density and coefficient of volume thermal expansion of the compound is assessed. Additionally, the research has been broadened to evaluate the linear attenuation coefficient at various γ-energies over a temperature range using value of mass attenuation coefficient.
Impact of Robotic Process Automation on Accounting
Authors: Nivethitha Thangapandian
Published: February 2025

Purpose: The fundamental intent of this study is to investigate application of Artificial Intelligence (AI) with Robotic Process Automation (RPA) under the lens of Technological and Environmental factor of Technology-Organization-Environment TOE Theory. This study aims to address the knowledge gap in the Accounting and Technology Literature in 4IR of emerging technologies such as RPA and Generative Artificial Intelligence. Design/Methodology/Approach : The Research Design entailed a detailed systematic analysis of 300 quality articles from ABDC journals, Scopus, Elsevier and other reputed authors from different search engines including IEEE, EBSCO, PROQUEST and Google scholar to gather existing knowledge on RPA Adoption in Accounting. Design science Research Method (DSRM) has been carried out for literature review in this research. Out of 300 over 100 Articles were from ABDC and top reputed Accounting Journals. A total of 453 responses were gathered from survey questionnaire based out of the Literature review and analysed in ADANCO 2.3 statistical tool, hence variance-based SEM was the data analysis approach adopted. Findings: The findings validate the significant impact of Technological factors and Organizational Factors for application of GAI, AI and RPA in Financial Accounting. The technological and environmental factors have significant to highly significant impact on Application based on the SEM analysis. Originality/ Value: This study findings highlights the technological and environmental factors with significant impact on application of AI and RPA for Accounting functions and adds to the Body of Accounting Literature as a first paper to provide validated framework for GAI, AI and RPA integration in Financial Accounting.
Critical Analysis of the Impact of AI in Higher Education and Its Consequences on Students
Authors: Sheren Shafei
Published: February 2025

Introduction: The introduction of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in the education sector has sparked a lot of controversy opinions regarding its effectiveness in shaping student learning process and systematic mental growth. While AI has immense potential to transform learning experiences by providing personalised learning, immediate feedback, and access to enormous information, but fears have also been aired that overreliance on artificial intelligence will stifle the problem-solving and critical thinking capabilities of students by providing pre-programmed answers instead of encouraging independent thoughts.
Objectives: The purpose of this paper is to rigorously explore the impacts of AI on higher education, with an inspection of how it impacts learning processes, intellectual growth, and the further expectations from students, academics and universities. This research aims to develop AI tools and programs through mixed approaches for the higher education environment that function as collaborative partners rather than just tools. The goal is to establish guiding principles and frameworks for a creative AI practice, incorporating computational tools, benchmarking of successful experiments, and their future applications. The current focus is on presenting early-stage research findings.
Methods: Given this research focus on impact of AI in higher education, overviewing several studies, the backgrounds, and research findings achieved through exploratory research to gain a deeper understanding of a topic, develop practical guidelines, and develop more focused research questions for future investigation.
 Results: By investigating different studies, the examined strategies can be consolidated to address the promise of ethical AI implementation in education and in a manner to enhance and sustain cognitive capabilities among students and other stakeholders while offsetting risks associated with over-reliance and degrading of the human capacity.
Conclusions: By embracing AI's potential while upholding core educational values, institutions can ensure AI enhances the learning experience. Successful implementation requires a balanced approach, developing adaptable and culturally sensitive AI tools while investing in teacher training for effective human-AI collaboration. This thoughtful approach considers students' diverse backgrounds and learning preferences, along with the vital role of educators, maintaining human agency, critical thinking, and ethical considerations as central to education. AI in higher education offers significant potential benefits, but responsible integration is key to maximising its positive impact. This approach ensures AI serves educational purposes effectively.
Secure and Efficient Cloud Data Retrieval Using Privacy-Preserved Hybrid CRNN with Swallow Swarm Optimization
Authors: D Kalpana
Published: February 2025

The application of Cloud Computing (CC) has increased popularity in recent years. This technology allows for resource sharing and extensive capabilities, making it feasible to store and analyze data remotely on the cloud. However, it is not secured, some parties can access to a network like the internet and read or alter data, making this cloud untrustworthy. Consequently, one of the issues that must be resolved while utilizing CC involves preserving data security and privacy. Several strategies based on various Encryption (Enc) systems have been explored to address data privacy and integrity. Cloud-related risks include data loss and leakage, malware attacks, and exploited vulnerabilities. In order to prevent attacks and to preserve privacy when keeping data in the cloud, it is crucial to make sure that a foolproof protecting system is in operation. In order to entirely understand the value of Medical Data (MD) and realize data collaborative sharing, a Deep Learning (DL) architecture that uses Homomorphic Encryption (HE) technology was established in this work to protect training parameters and created a MD security sharing scheme based on the communication mode.In this case, the training parameters are protected by using the Paillier HE (PHE) to achieve additive homomorphism. This article offers a Privacy-Preserving (PP) hybrid Convolutional Recurrent Neural Network (CRNN) based on Swallow swarm optimization technique (SSO) to address the issue of privacy leaking. By combining DL with HE, a knowledge transfer strategy with PP is created. Researchers may infer from the simulation results that Learning Rate (LR), batch size, and other factors are connected to the model prediction accuracy. The outcomes demonstrate that this method has good performance, completes the accurate disease prediction, and accomplishes Data Sharing (DS) while maintaining data privacy.