bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Implementation of a targeted trap-neuter-return programme to manage the population of free- roaming cats (Felis silvestris catus) on Flores Island, Azores
Authors: Santos Raquel , Rois Ana
Published: May 2024

Background
The negative impact posed by the uncontrolled growth of free-roaming cat populations, namely spread of diseases, public nuisance, and predation of wildlife, has prompted the development of ethical solutions to control cat populations. Science-based solutions such as Trap-Neuter-Return (TNR) programmes are the most efficient way to humanely manage free-roaming cats populations. While Portugal has sporadically employed TNR initiatives, no formal evaluations of its effectiveness were performed. We report the implementation of a concerted and targeted TNR initiative to control free-roaming cats population. This large-scale study took place on Flores Island, Azores, where a survey was conducted across its eleven parishes to assess cat colonies location and population density. Free-roaming cats were captured and transported to the official animal collection center of Lajes das Flores, where they were weighted and screened for any potential contraindication surgery. After induction of anaesthesia, the veterinary surgeons assessed cats eligibility through clinical examination. Animal data was collected to record gender, weight, age, body condition score, presence of ectoparasites and endoparasites, respiratory and intestinal signs, skin, mouth and ocular lesions, pregnancy and lactation status and general health status.
Results
During this study, 751 targeted free-roaming cats were trapped, desexed and then returned to their original colonies. Previous to our intervention, Flores Island housed a population of approximately 981 free-roaming cats, with only 2.34% (23/981) being desexed. Following the extensive targeted TNR activities, the cat population decreased slightly to 961 individuals with 80.54% (774/961) having undergone spaying or neutering procedures. This achievement surpassed the threshold for successful TNR initiatives.
Conclusions
Our findings underscore the efficacy of targeted TNR programmes as a practical and valuable ethical solution to manage cat population growth. These results provide valuable insights and guidance for the large-scale implementation of similar initiatives on other regions grappling with free-roaming cat populations.
Alterations in surface-based amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations primary open-angle glaucoma link to neurotransmitter profiling and visual impairment severity
Authors: Chai Zihan , Yang Bingbing , Qu Xiaoxia , Li Ting , Wang Qian , Xian Junfang
Published: May 2024

The study aimed to examine alterations in surface-based amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations (ALFF) and fractional amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations (fALFF) in primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) patients using resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI), and to investigate their relationships with visual function and molecular profiling. A total of 70 POAG patients and 45 age- and sex-matched healthy controls (HCs) underwent rs-fMRI scans. The differences between POAG and HCs groups were compared by two-sample t-test. Correlation evaluated ALFF/fALFF values' relationship with ophthalmic parameters, and compared patient-control differences to uncover neurobiological mechanisms. POAG patients displayed altered brain activity compared to HCs, including decreased ALFF/fALFF in the visual network and increased in the frontoparietal and default mode networks. It exhibited reduced fALFF in the somatomotor network and increased ALFF in the dorsal and ventral attention networks, associated with neurotransmitter systems like dopamine, serotonin, amino acids, and acetylcholine. Moreover, the altered ALFF/fALFF in brain regions related to vision and attention. Surface-based ALFF/fALFF in POAG decreased in visual processing regions and increased in brain regions related to cognitive control, working memory, and attention. These changes were linked to neurotransmitter distributions important for emotional stability and mental health, potentially informing treatment approaches for POAG patients.
The Role of Fibroblast Growth Factor 23 in Vascular Calcification in Peritoneal Dialysis Patients
Authors: Xie Haiying , Si Yuhe , Wang Xiaoling , Bao Guoxiang , Gong Shuwen , Shen Shuijuan , Wang Yanyan , Shan Juanping , Gong Tujian , Yang Yanru , Guan Jichao
Published: May 2024

Background
This research investigates the correlation between serum fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) levels and vascular calcification in individuals undergoing peritoneal dialysis (PD).
Methods
The study period spanned from January 2021 to August 2023, 220 patients receiving peritoneal dialysis at our hospital were selected as participants. FGF23 concentrations were determined through an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and coronary multi-slice spiral computed tomography (CT) and upright abdominal X-ray examinations were conducted to evaluate calcification scores. The relationship between FGF23 levels and vascular calcification in PD patients was analyzed.
Results
FGF23 levels were significantly positively correlated with coronary artery calcification (CAC), abdominal aortic calcification (AAC), brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV), and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (CRP). When patients were stratified by coronary calcification scores, there was statistical difference in FGF23 levels between the mild-to-moderate calcification group and the non-calcification group, significant differences were observed between the mild-to-moderate calcification group and the severe calcification group, as well as between the non-calcification group and the severe calcification group. Similarly, significant differences in FGF23 levels were observed among groups stratified by abdominal aortic calcification scores, with FGF23 levels significantly increasing with the severity of calcification. The diagnostic efficacy of FGF23 levels in detecting coronary artery calcification was assessed using a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis, yielding a sensitivity of 61.35% and a specificity of 73.68%. Similarly, for abdominal aortic calcification, the ROC curve analysis revealed a sensitivity of 58.9% and a specificity of 69.57%.
Conclusion
The study concludes that serum FGF23 levels are linked to coronary artery calcification in PD patients and can be utilized as a supplementary indicator for diagnosing this condition.
Exposure behaviour to Escherichia Coli among households in Imvepi Refugee settlement, Terego district Uganda
Authors: Nalugya Aisha , Ssempebwa John C. , Muleme James , Wafula Solomon Tsebeni , Tamale Bridget Nagawa , Tigaiza Arnold , Nakalembe Doreen , Kansiime Winnifred K. , Isunju John Bosco , Ssekamatte Tonny , Mugambe Richard K.
Published: May 2024

Introduction:
Exposure to Escherichia coli (E. coli) is a leading cause of diarrheal diseases, which pose a significant problem in refugee settlements. Refugee populations are exposed to feacal microorganisms through multiple pathways including sub-optimal sanitary facilities, contaminated drinking water, produce and food, flood water, bathing water, soil among others. While these pathways are well-documented, specific exposure behaviors remain underexplored. We assessed exposure behaviour to E. coli among households in Imvepi refugee settlement, Uganda, and provided evidence-based recommendations for the design of interventions to reduce excreta-related diseases.
Methods
Guided by the Sanitation Safety Planning approach, we surveyed 426 households in Imvepi refugee settlement, Uganda, using a digitized questionnaire and an observation checklist. We collected data on the background characteristics and exposure behaviour of women and emancipated girls (primary caretakers). The outcome variable, E. coli exposure behaviour, was measured using a five-point Likert scale, assessing behaviours that increase the risk of exposure. Data were cleaned in Microsoft Excel and analyzed in Stata version 17. Descriptive statistics were performed to summarize the data. We used modified Poisson regression to determine the factors associated with the outcome.
Results
Over 59.4% (253) exhibited high-risk exposure behaviour. Residing in compound homes (Adjusted Prevalence Ratio (APR) = 0.78, 95% Confidence Interval (CI): 0.62–0.97), having household heads with post-primary education, (APR = 0.53, 95% CI: 0.36–0.78), high knowledge of exposure to E. coli (APR = 0.68, 95% CI: 0.58–0.80), and high-risk perceptions regarding exposure to E. coli (APR = 0.78, 95% CI: 0.66–0.93) were associated with a lower prevalence of high-risk E. coli exposure behaviours. Conversely, relying on a surface water source (APR = 1.76, 95% CI: 1.23–2.51) and having sanitary facilities with excreta overflowing from the squat hole (APR = 1.39, 95% CI: 1.13–1.70) were associated with a higher prevalence of high-risk exposure behaviours.
Conclusion
The study indicates a high prevalence of high-risk E. coli exposure behaviour, implying an elevated risk of exposure. There's a need to implement interventions targeted at preventing or minimizing exposure, especially among households whose heads have low education attainment, those using surface water sources, and individuals with limited knowledge and risk perceptions regarding exposure to E. coli.
The Association Between Consuming Food Groups and Colorectal Cancer: A Case-Control Observational Study
Authors: Aziz Zhwan Talib Hama , Rahman Heshu Sulaiman , Salih Jamal Mahmoud , Ezzadin Shaho Abdulrehman , Algarawi Maha , Ibnaouf Khalid Hassan
Published: May 2024

Background: A comprehensive study is not available on Iraqi cancer patients to know which food/food groups are precisely associated with colorectal cancer (CRC).
Objectives: To determine the correlation between the type of frequently consumed food and the incidence of CRC among patients.
Methodology: This study used a validated semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire to collect data (91 cases and 103 controls), including sociodemographic data and the amount/type of food intake.
Results: Most patients (54.9%) were overweight, non-alcoholic consumers (95.6%), without physical activities (98.9%), and non-smokers (63.7%). Additionally, red meat, fried potatoes, sweet, artificial juice, refined carbohydrates, carbonated beverages, tea, solid/liquid oil, salt, sugar, and tomato pastes were significantly (p≤0.05) higher among patients than controls. At the same time, the consumption of fish, meat, legumes, eggs, nuts, fruits, vegetables, dairy products, whole grains, coffee, olive oil, vitamins and aspirin were significantly (p≤0.05) lower in cases. The consumption of calcium, alcohol, poultry/processed meat, boiled potato, jam, molasses, and sesame was almost similar among both groups.
Conclusions: The risk of CRC was increased by the consumption of some foods, especially red meat and sweet and fried potatoes, while some other foods, such as fish, olive oil, and coffee, could protect individuals from CRC.
Prevalence of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Associated Factors among People Living with HIV in Eastern Uganda: a descriptive cross-sectional study
Authors: Richard Katuramu , Raymond Kihumuro Bernard , Winfred Nakawuki Ashely , Madut Akech Gabriel , Oreb Nankunda , Kintu Timothy , Nalunkuma Racheal , Nakandi Rachael Mukisa , Joshua Mugabi , Nicholas Twijukye , Marvin Kanyike Andrew
Published: May 2024

Introduction:
HIV patients have increased life expectancy due to access to antiretroviral therapy treatment. However, with increasing age comes an increased risk of non-communicable diseases, which include Diabetes Mellitus (DM). The prevalence of Type 2 DM (T2DM) among HIV patients and associated risk factors has not been extensively studied in the rural parts of Uganda. Thus, this study aimed to determine the prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) among HIV-positive patients attending an HIV clinic in Eastern Uganda and its associated risk factors.
Methods
This cross-sectional study was conducted at two healthcare facilities in Eastern Uganda between March 2023 and July 2023. All HIV Patients (18 years and older) on ART attending the HIV Clinic during the study period were given information on the study. Only those who consented to participate in the study were recruited using the Non-probability convenience sampling technique. Data were captured on the clinical history and socio-demographic and behavioural characteristics and analysed using descriptive statistics to determine T2DM prevalence. Additionally, bivariate and multivariate logistic regression models were employed to examine factors associated with T2DM.
Results
We included 400 participants, the majority n = 261 (65.3%) being females. Majority were aged between 25 to 49 years, 206 (51.5%) with mean of 46.5 ± 12.4 years. Most of the participants, 351 (87.7%), had spent more than five years on ART, with the majority, 379 (94.7%), virally suppressed. Most participants were on the Dolutagravir-based ART regimen, 369 (92.2%). The prevalence of T2DM was 12.5%. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed the factors associated with T2DM/HIV comorbidity age of 50 or more, being on a Protease-based ART regimen, family history of T2DM, and having a known HIV status of less than ten years, family history of hypertension and BMI > 25kg/m2.
Conclusion
The T2DM/HIV Comorbidity was high, with half the number unaware of T2DM status, warranting collaborative efforts to improve screening and adopt better clinical management strategies for DM/HIV comorbid patients. BMI > 25kg/m2, family history of hypertension, and T2DM were associated with increased risk of T2DM, highlighting the importance of the above-mentioned risk factors in the clinical management of this comorbidity.
Adverse Effects of Dipyrone (Metamizole) Use During Pregnancy on Offspring Health: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Lino Gabriel Moreira , Ishibashi Felipe Shoji , Conrado George Alessandro Maranhão , Bresani Cristiane Campello , Galvão Pauliana Valéria Machado
Published: May 2024

Background This meta-analysis and systematic review aimed to review the health outcomes of offspring following dipyrone use during pregnancy.Methods A systematic literature search was conducted in MEDLINE, Embase, and the Cochrane Library to identify clinical trials or observational studies investigating women who used dipyrone during pregnancy published up to 22 March 2024. Two independent reviewers were responsible for the data extraction. The data were analyzed using odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) and a random effects model. Sensitivity analyses were performed using Bayesian Markov Chain Monte Carlo methods.Results Six case-control studies and four prospective cohort studies met the inclusion criteria. There was no evidence of associations with congenital anomalies (OR 1.18, 95% CI 0.80–1.63; I2 = 33.73%; 3 cohorts and 1 case-control, n = 67,374), major congenital anomalies (OR 1.06, 95% CI 0.47–2.37; I2 = 0%; 2 cohorts, n = 1,356), infant leukemia (OR 1.25, 95% CI 0.86–2.22; I2 = 72.82%; 3 case-controls, n = 1,686), fetal death (OR 0.81, 95% CI 0.57–1.14; 3 cohorts, n = 6,380), prematurity (OR 0.99, 95% CI 0.80–1.21; I2 = 0%; 3 cohorts, n = 6,194), low birth weight, constriction of the ductus arteriosus, or renal and cardiac disorders. There is insufficient evidence to exclude oligohydramnios and patent ductus arteriosus in second- and third-trimester exposures. All analyses were of very low certainty.Conclusion There is no evidence indicating that maternal use of dipyrone causes substantial harm to offspring. According to the sensitivity analyses, exposure during the first and second trimesters was not associated with any negative outcomes. Some observed outcomes, particularly in the third trimester of pregnancy, merit further research.
DPP4 Promotes Papillary Thyroid Cancer Progression by Regulating the Infiltration and Exhaustion of CD8+ T cells
Authors: Jing Ren , Wu Nan , Wu Yang , Zhang Qian , Liu Jinlin , Zhao Ying , Zeng Shan , Liang Qiankun , Yi Shijian
Published: May 2024

Background: Papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) is one of the most prevalent endocrine malignancy with a rapidly increasing incidence worldwide, a special immune microenvironment of which is not well characterized. Thus, the aim of this study was to identify the key biomarkers that regulate immune cells for the development and recurrence of PTC.
Methods: The expression of immune-associated differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in human PTC was examined by bioinformatics analysis of TCGA and GEO datasets. The CIBERSORT and TIMER tool was used to analyze the distribution of tumor[1]infiltrating immune cells in PTC. Furthermore, DEG expression and function for the infiltration of CD8+ T cells were explored using human PTC specimens.
Results: In this study, we identified DPP4 as a key gene in PTC by differential expression analysis among four GEO datasets and TCGA dataset and validated its overexpression profile by data from the TCGA, HPA databases, WB and PCR analysis. DPP4 upregulation significantly correlated with advanced grades, stages, and poor progression-free survival.Based on TIMER and CIBERSORT analysis, DPP4 expression tightly correlated with the infiltration of diverse immune cell types, especially CD8+ T cell subtypes. Compared with benign thyroid tumor, the proportion of CD3+CD8+ T cells in peripheral blood of PTC patients was significantly decreased, while the CD3+CD8+DPP4+ T cells of PTC patients was increased. The relative expression of PD-L1 and CTLA-4 in the CD8+DPP4+ T cells of PTC patients was higher than that in the CD8+DPP4- T cells. In addition, CD8+DPP4+ T cells of PTC patients showed the lower expression of IFN-γ and increased expression of IL-13 than that in benign thyroid tumor. The relative expression of IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13 in CD8+DPP4+ T cells were both lower than that in CD8+DPP4- T cells among PTC and benign thyroid tumor patients.
Conclusion: Our work suggests that the immune-associated DEG DPP4 is upregulated in PTC tissues and is tightly correlated with clinical stages and outcomes and regulates immune infiltration, but in particular involves in CD8+ T cell evasion and exhaustion. These findings may offer a new prospect for targeting CD8+ T cell exhaustion therapies for the treatment of PTC.
Smoking-related gut microbiota alteration is associated with obesity and obesity-related diseases: results from two independent cohorts with sibling comparison analyses
Authors: Duan Yiting , Xu Chengquan , Wang Wenjie , Wang Xiaoyan , Xu Nuo , Zhong Jieming , Gong Weiwei , Zheng Weifang , Wu Yi-Hsuan , Myers April , Chu Lisa , Lu Ying , Delzell Elizabeth , Hsing Ann W. , Yu Min , He Wei , Zhu Shankuan
Published: May 2024

Background
Individuals who smoke exhibit lower body mass index (BMI) but face an elevated risk of obesity-related diseases. Emerging evidence suggests smoking may influence the composition of the microbiome. Thus, this study aims to investigate this paradox from the perspective of gut microbiota.
Results
Our findings contradict the conventional view that smoking primarily leads to weight loss. We observed a significant positive association between the smoking-related microbiota index and several obesity indicators. Longitudinal analysis revealed that smoking-related microbiota index is linked with an increased risk of diabetes, obesity-related cancers, and cardiovascular complications. Sibling comparison analyses further supported these results, demonstrating the robustness of the associations.
Conclusion
These findings challenge the conventional notion that smoking is merely associated with weight loss, uncovering instead that smoking-related microbiome changes significantly contribute to a higher risk of obesity and an augmented central fat distribution, ultimately leading to a higher risk of obesity-related diseases.
Internet addiction and social support in the association between learning burnout and emotional behavioral problems among returned migrant middle school students: A serial multiple mediations analysis
Authors: Ran Fengjiao , Wu Rong , Luo Yuan , Ren Pengyu , Liu Yu , Luo Xi , Yang Xiantao , Gu Manting , Yan Zheng , Tuo Anxie
Published: May 2024

Objective: The objectives of this study were to explore emotional behavioral problems (EBP) associated with learning burnout (LB) among returned migrant middle school students. In addition, the mediating mechanism of internet addiction (IA) and social support (SS) in this relationship was investigated. We also verified the chain-mediating effect of IA and SS on the EBP of returned migrant middle school students and LB.
Methods: This study used the sample data collected from the "Health Status Survey of Middle School Students in Guizhou Province, China" conducted by the research group. The baseline survey of 36 secondary schools from December 2021 to January 2022 in Guizhou Provine, China. Based on this sample data, middle school students who met the following conditions were selected as study subjects. 2020 returned migrant secondary school students were finally obtained as the subjects of this study. The Strength and Difficulty Questionnaire (SDQ), Adolescent Student Burnout Scale (ASBI), Internet Addiction Test (IAT), and Social Support Scale (SSS) were used to assess EBP, LB, IA, and SS among returned migrant secondary school students. Serial multiple mediation analysis and the bootstrap method were used to investigate the mediation effects of IA and SS (PROCESS model 6).
Results: Prevalence of EBP was classified in the abnormal (11.9%) or borderline (17.1%) categories based on the total difficulties scores among returned migrant middle school students. A serial multiple mediation model was generated. The mediation effect of IA and SS on the pathway from LB to EBP was 32.03% (direct effect=0.243, total indirect effect=0.115). The association between LB and SS was partially mediated by IA (direct effect=-0.117, indirect effect=-0.635). The proposed model fits the data well.
Conclusion: This study found that lower IA and higher SS can effectively reduce EBP caused by LB among returned migrant middle school students. It is suggested that parents, schools, and government departments pay attention to IA and SS problems caused by LB in returned migrant middle school students, and prevent and avoid EBP. Returned migrant middle school students should take the initiative to identify the factors that harm their physical and mental health for self-regulation, and establish reliable SS, rather than meet psychological needs through IA, to reduce the occurrence of EBP.
A Lumped Parameter Modelling Study of Cerebral Autoregulation in Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus: Does the Brain choose to be Ischemic?
Authors: Bateman Grant Alexander , Bateman Alexander
Published: May 2024

Background
It is well known that normal pressure hydrocephalus (NPH) is associated with a reduction in cerebral blood flow and, therefore, a relatively ischemic metabolic state. It would be expected that ischemia should exhaust the available autoregulation in an attempt to correct the metabolic imbalance. However, there is some evidence to suggest that although blunted, there is retained autoregulation reserve in NPH. The aim of this study is to model the cerebral autoregulation in NPH to discover a solution to this apparent paradox.
Methods
A lumped parameter model was developed utilizing the known limits of autoregulation in man obtained from the literature. The model was tested by predicting the cerebral blood volume changes which would be brought about by the changes in the resistance for each segment modeled. NPH and the post shunt state were then modeled using the known constraints provided from the literature.
Results
The model successfully predicted the cerebral blood volume changes brought about by both increasing and decreasing the cerebral perfusion pressure to the limit of autoregulation. The model suggests that NPH is associated with a balanced increase in resistance within the arterial and venous outflow segments. The arterial segment resistance decreases following shunt insertion, indicating a retained autoregulation reserve existed pre-shunt insertion.
Conclusions
The model suggests that the cerebral blood flow is actively limited in NPH by arteriolar constriction. This may occur to minimize the rise in ICP by reducing the apparent CSF formation rate.
Assessment of temporal variations in growth and reproductive dynamics of Rastrelliger kanagurta (Cuvier, 1816), in Gawadar, Balochistan
Authors: Siddique Zainab , Saddozai Shagufta , Khanoranga  ,   Wali Mohamed Achakzai2, Khalid Sofia
Published: May 2024

The study examined the growth and reproductive characteristics of Rastrelliger kanagurta, a commercially sold fish in Gawadar, Balochistan. A total of 600 samples were collected from 2017 to 2019. The growth, reproductive characteristics, and wellbeing were assessed using length-weight relationship, fecundity, gonadosomatic index (GSI), and condition factors. Water quality parameters were assessed to estimate temporal variations in the quality of water inhabiting R. kanagurta. The results of LWR indicated that fish showed positive allometric growth (b<3) in both years of study. The mean Fulton’s condition factor (kc) ranged from 1 to 1.33 (2017–2018) and from 1 to 1.34 (2018–2019), while the relative condition factor (kn) was equal to 1 during the study period. The mean fecundity was 51450.4 eggs (2017–2018) and 46671.1 eggs (2018–2019). The highest fecundity was seen in June and July, while the lowest fecundity was observed in February. The GSI values ranged from 2-31 to 12.87 (2017-2018) and from 1.03 to 9.47 (2018-2019), with two spawning seasons: the first occurs from March to August, and the second takes place from August to October, respectively. The analyzed water quality parameters expect DO were in the range acquired for the better growth of fish. A positive correlation was observed between fecundity, body length, weight, ovary weight, and water quality parameters. Temporal variations in the studied parameters were statistically non-significant (p<0.05) except temperature and DO. The conditional factors were greater than the well-being value of one. The results concluded that R. kanagurta had good habitat adaptation.
Avaliação das fibras e elementos de vasos de espécies florestais nativas do cerrado
Authors: Ribeiro Eliane Alves , Gouvêa Adriana de Fátima Gomes , Ribeiro Odair Alves , Zenteno Filho Arnaldo Ramão , Urbano Edilson , Souza Armando Cirilo de
Published: May 2024

A anatomia da madeira é uma ferramenta muito importante para o estudo das florestas tropicais, possibilitando a identificação das espécies pelo seu lenho através de caracteres anatômicos, como por exemplo, as fibras e os elementos de vasos. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar parâmetros morfológicos da madeira de treze espécies nativas do Cerrado visando identificar possíveis relações entre espécies estudadas. O material de estudo foram tábuas de madeira contendo apenas a parte do cerne e árvores provenientes de queda natural (vento). Foram determinadas a densidade básica e os parâmetros morfológicos de: comprimento, largura, diâmetro do lume e espessura da parede e comprimento das fibras, diâmetro do elemento de vaso e presença ou ausência de apêndices. O experimento foi conduzido em delineamento inteiramente casualizado com 25 repetições para os parâmetros morfológicos e 3 repetições para densidade básica. As médias foram submetidas ao teste de Tukey a 5% de significância no programa R Studio. Pôde-se concluir que, com base nos parâmetros morfológicos que as dimensões das fibras variaram muito pouco para a maioria das espécies avaliadas não sendo possível identificar relações entre as espécies da mesma família ou de famílias diferentes.  Entretanto é possível que esses valores possam ajudar na diferenciação das famílias. Os elementos de vasos apresentaram valores próximos de comprimento médio para a família Fabaceae, entretanto característica como a presença ou ausência de apêndice pode servir como um parâmetro conclusivo para a identificação.
A parallel multi-objective optimization based on adaptive surrogate model for combined operation of multiple hydraulic facilities in water diversion project
Authors: Liu Xiaolian , Liu Zirong , Hou Xiaopeng , Tian Yu , Wang Xueni , Zhang Leike , Wang Hao
Published: May 2024

In a complex pressurized water diversion project (WDP), the combined optimal operation of multiple hydraulic facilities is computationally expensive owing to the requirement of massive mathematical simulation model runs. A parallel multi-objective optimization based on adaptive surrogate model (PMO-ASMO) was proposed in this study to alleviate the computational burden while maintaining its effectiveness. At the simulation level, an adaptive surrogate model was established, while a parallel non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm II (PNSGA-II) was utilized at the optimization level. Taking the successive shutdown of pumps as the operating process, the PMO-ASMO was applied to a complex pressurized diversion section of the Jiaodong WDP in China, and the results were compared with those obtained by NSGA-II and PNSGA-II. The results showed that the time consumption of PMO-ASMO was only 9.97% of that acquired by NSGA-II, which was comparable to that of PNSGA-II, in the case of 10-core parallelism. Moreover, compared with PNSGA-II, PMO-ASMO could find the optimal and stable Pareto front with the same number of simulation model runs, or even fewer runs. These results validated the effectiveness and efficiency of the PMO-ASMO. Therefore, the proposed framework based on multi-objective optimization is efficient for combined optimal operation of multiple hydraulic facilities.
Optimal conditions and nitrogen removal performance of aerobic denitrifier Comamonas sp. pw-6 and its bioaugmented application in synthetic domestic wastewater treatment
Authors: Chen Maoxia X. , Li Yanjun J. , Wu Liang , Lv Xiaoyu Y. , Li Yang , Ru Jing , Yi Yan
Published: May 2024

To assess the possibility of using aerobic denitrification (AD) bacteria with high NO2−-N accumulation for nitrogen removal in wastewater treatment, conditional optimization, as well as sole and mixed nitrogen source tests involving AD bacterium, Comamonas sp. pw-6 was performed. The results showed that the optimal carbon source, pH, C/N ratio, rotational speed, and salinity for this strain were determined to be succinate, 7, 20, 160 rpm, and 0%, respectively. Further, this strain preferentially utilized NH4+-N, NO3−-N, and NO2−-N, and when NO3−-N was its sole nitrogen source, 92.28% of the NO3−-N (150 mg·L−1) was converted to NO2−-N. However, when NH4+-N and NO3−-N constituted the mixed nitrogen source, NO3−-N utilization by this strain was significantly lower (p < 0.05). Therefore, a strategy was proposed to combine pw-6 bacteria with traditional autotrophic nitrification to achieve the application of pw-6 bacteria in NH4+-N-containing wastewater treatment. Bioaugmented application experiments showed significantly higher NH4+-N removal (5.96 ± 0.94 mg·L−1·h−1) and lower NO3−-N accumulation (2.52 ± 0.18 mg·L−1·h−1) rates (p < 0.05) than those observed for the control test. Thus, AD bacteria with high NO2−-N accumulation can also be used for practical applications, providing a basis for expanding the selection range of AD strains for wastewater treatment.
Enhancing membrane bioreactors for dairy effluent treatment with a mixed mobile bed application
Authors: Gavlak Guilherme , Vidal Carlos Magno de Sousa , Souza Kely Viviane de
Published: May 2024

This study examines the impact of incorporating a mobile bed into a membrane bioreactor (MBR) system on the treatment efficiency of dairy industry effluents. Initially, a conventional MBR system was operated for 60 days, followed by a modification that included a support material and ran for another 60 days under identical conditions. Performance was evaluated based on the removal efficiencies for soluble chemical oxygen demand (CODs), phenolic compounds, and oils and greases (OG), alongside measurements of solid content, dissolved oxygen, temperature, mixed liquor pH, and transmembrane pressure (TMP). The introduction of the mobile bed led to an increase in removal efficiencies for COD and phenolic compounds from 94.4 and 92.7% to 98 and 94.4%, respectively, marking statistically significant improvements (p < 0.05), while OG removal remained the same in both strategies (87.7%) (p > 0.05). Moreover, the modified system showed a more stable TMP profile, reducing the need for cleaning interventions compared to the conventional system, which experienced a notable TMP increase requiring cleaning at a 0.6 bar threshold. The findings suggest that integrating a mobile bed into MBR systems significantly enhances the treatment of dairy effluents, presenting an interesting solution for the upgrade of this type of system.
Utilizing NCP@PO(OH)2 as a Core-Shell Magnetic Nano-Catalyst for the
Conversion of β-Hydroxy Nitrile to α,β-Unsaturated Carboxylic Acid
Authors: Ebrahimzadeh Farzaneh
Published: May 2024

The synthesis of α,β-unsaturated compounds is crucial in organic chemistry, especially in
drug discovery and pharmaceutical development. In this study, NCP@POCl2-x (Fe3O4@SiO2@
chitosan@POCl2-x) has been introduced as a new, environmentally friendly, and highly efficient
heterogeneous magnetic nanocatalyst for the synthesis of α,β-unsaturated carboxylic acids. This catalyst
facilitates the in situ transformation of POCl2-x to PO(OH)2 in the presence of water, effectively
converting β-hydroxy nitriles into α,β-unsaturated carboxylic acids through a specific mechanism
involving water and heat. The reactions display notable regioselectivity, leading to high-purity products
and quantitative yields. NCP@PO(OH)2 exhibits heterogeneity, magnetic properties, straightforward
recovery, and outstanding performance, making it a valuable catalyst for efficient and selective
transformations of β-hydroxy nitriles. Additionally, it can be easily separated from the mixture of
reactions using external magnetic forces.
Effect of miR-98/IL-6/STAT3 on Autophagy and Apoptosis of Cardiac Stem Cells Under Hypoxic Conditions In vitro
Authors: Li Xueyuan , Zhang Yang , Zhang Guangwei
Published: May 2024

Background:

The heavy burden of cardiovascular diseases demands innovative therapeutic
strategies dealing with cardiomyocyte loss. Cardiac Stem Cells (CSCs) are renewable cells
in the myocardium with differentiation and endocrine functions. However, their functions are significantly
inhibited in conditions of severe hypoxia or inflammation. The mechanism of hypoxia
affecting CSCs is not clear. Interleukin-6 (IL-6) appears active in both hypoxic and inflammatory
microenvironments. The aim of this study was to explore whether IL-6 is related to CSC apoptosis
and autophagy under severe hypoxia.

Methods:

In this study, rat CSCs were extracted by alternate digestion. The interaction of miR-98
and IL-6 mRNA was detected by the dual luciferase method, and qPCR was applied to confirm
the effect of miR-98 on IL-6 expression. The effect of IL-6 on CSC apoptosis was measured by
flow cytometry and the effect of IL-6 on CSC autophagy by transmission electron microscopy.
The western blot method was applied to detect the effect of IL-6 on the expressions of proteins related
to apoptosis and autophagy. ANOVA and Dunnett T3's test were employed in the statistical
analysis. When p < 0.05, the difference was significant.

Results:

Under severe hypoxia conditions, IL-6 increased CSC apoptosis and decreased p-STAT3
expression significantly. CSC apoptosis increased significantly after inhibition of the STAT3 signaling
pathway under severe hypoxia. IL-6 could also significantly inhibit CSCs’ autophagy and
block their autophagy flow under severe hypoxic conditions. Meanwhile, it was confirmed that
miR-98 had a binding site on IL-6 mRNA and miR-98 significantly inhibited IL-6 mRNA expression
in CSCs under severe hypoxic conditions.

Conclusion:

miR-98/IL-6/STAT3 has been found to be involved in the regulation of CSCs’ apoptosis
and autophagy under severe hypoxic conditions and there might be a mutual linkage between
CSCs’ apoptosis and their autophagy.

result:

Under severe hypoxia conditions, IL-6 increased CSCs’ apoptosis and decreased CSCs’ p-STAT3 expression significantly. CSCs’ apoptosis increased significantly after inhibition of the STAT3 signaling pathway under severe hypoxia. IL-6 could also significantly inhibit CSCs’ autophagy and block their autophagy flow under severe hypoxic conditions. Meanwhile, It was confirmed that miR-98 had a binding site on IL-6 mRNA and miR-98 significantly inhibited IL-6 mRNA expression in CSCs under severe hypoxic conditions.
Unveiling the Therapeutic Potential of Modern Probiotics in Addressing Neurodegenerative Disorders: A Comprehensive Exploration, Review and Future Perspectives on Intervention Strategies
Authors: Sharma Himanshu , Pathak Rashmi , Biswas Deepak
Published: May 2024

The continual deterioration of the structure and function of the nervous system
is a major global health problem associated with neurodegenerative disorders. Gut-brain
axis plays a significant role in linking gut microbiota to neurological function. Live microorganisms
that benefit the host's health are called probiotics. These probiotics are increasingly
recognized as beneficial for treating neurodegenerative diseases. This review investigates
the impact of probiotics on neurodegenerative disorders, specifically focusing on
conditions like Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. According to
studies, probiotics have the power to alter the host's neuroimmune response, lower inflammation,
and modify the composition of the gut microbiota. Studies have indicated a
potential relationship between the stomach and the brain by connecting variations in the
gut microbiota to neurodegenerative diseases. Probiotics can influence the gut flora, which
leads to a reduction in neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, and other pathological processes
linked with these conditions. This review also discusses how probiotics impact the
central nervous system through mechanisms such as altered blood-brain barrier function,
neurotrophic factor regulation, and neurotransmitter production. Based on preclinical and
clinical data, probiotics are also highlighted as an adjunctive or prophylactic treatment for
neurodegenerative diseases. More research is needed to find the exact strains, dosages, and
duration of probiotic therapies required to have the greatest neuroprotective effects, despite
the good results thus far. It is also acknowledged that translating findings from animal
studies to human applications can be challenging. With the ability to reduce the neuropathological
features of Parkinson's and Alzheimer's diseases, probiotics provide a novel
therapeutic approach for neurodegenerative illnesses.
Incidence of Extended Spectrum Beta-Lactamase (ESBL) of Escherichia Coli Isolated from the Feces of Dairy Cattles in Blitar
Authors:   University of Brawijaya, Dameanti Fidi Nur Aini Eka Puji , Amri Indah Amalia ,   University of Brawijaya, Roosdiana Anna ,   University of Brawijaya, Pratama Alfaro Rikko ,   University of Brawijaya, Izofan Safira ,   University of Brawijaya, Fahmiantika Reza ,   University of Brawijaya, Tedja Dhaneswara ,   University of Brawijaya, Sutrisno Rahayu ,   University of Brawijaya, Akramsyah Muhammad Ali ,   University of Brawijaya
Published: May 2024

Antibiotic resistance (AMR) has caused a serious global threat to human health, animal health and food security. The antibiotic resistance problem, especially in Gram-negative bacteria, is increasingly widespread in various areas and has increased mortality, morbidity, and incidence. This study aims to determine the incidence of ESBL E. coli and the AMR and MDR properties of E.coli isolated from the feces of dairy cattles in Blitar, which have not been reported. This research was conducted from June to September 2022 with 60 samples of dairy cattle feces in Blitar. Samples were isolated and identified until confirmed that 55 (91.6%) samples were E. coli. All samples showed AMR character with 100% streptomycin, 87.27% chloramphenicol, 85.45% ampicillin, 72.73% cefotaxime, 40% tetracycline, 21.82% ciprofloxacin, and 14.55% sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim. Forty-nine samples were MDR, with 10.9% resistant in three groups, 34.5% in four groups, 29.1% in five groups, 10.9% in six groups, and 3.6% in seven groups. MDR E. coli isolates were then confirmed for ESBL using the DDST test. The incidence of ESBL-producing E. coli from dairy cattle feces in Blitar was 40% (22 isolates). The results of this study can be a warning in the human health, animal health and food security.
‘I had the feeling I had the rehearsal with you’. Autoethnographic reflections on preparing applicants for their asylum interview within LGBTIQ+ organisations
Authors: Casteleyn Liselot
Published: May 2024

To receive international protection, people with diverse sexualities and genders are required to produce a narrative about their sexual orientation and gender identity (SOGI) and their fear of persecution that is found credible by the asylum authorities. While the use of Western stereotypes during the asylum assessment has extensively been researched, little attention has been paid to the support groups that applicants turn to before their asylum interview. In light of my research on SOGI in the Belgian asylum procedure, I volunteered with two LGBTIQ+ organisations that offer support to LGBTIQ+ applicants in preparation of their asylum interview. Using an auto-ethnographic approach, this article reveals the ambiguity of support groups’ solidarity practices. I outline some of the tensions experienced while navigating individual support and structural violences, which in turn reveal how some of these structures might be (re)produced.
Narrowing the scientist-practitioner gap via career triangulation
Authors: Arman Gamze
Published: May 2024

Our career journeys are unique and become integral parts of our life stories. This paper describes the development of a career path that can be currently defined as a persistent effort to balance three separate but highly aligned areas that feed into each other: research, teaching and coaching. The emergence and improvement of each of these career identities will be explained, focusing on the motives and concerns that guided the quest. The dynamic nature of this triangular career and the interaction among its components will be clarified, followed by a summary of key suggestions and insights based on this journey to address the scientist-practitioner gap. This career story is expected to inspire others who need to reconsider their career perceptions and expectations, and define their authentic career identities.
Development of Interactive E-Modules as Learning Media for Programming Class X Students of SMKN 1 Unaaha in Disadvantaged Areas (3T)
Authors: Haldun Ibnu , Marpanaji Eko
Published: May 2024

Learning activities in schools located in disadvantaged areas (3T) can be said to be lagging when compared to schools in developed areas in Indonesia in terms of learning. Learning media that have not been developed at all and the use of ICT devices that have not been maximized in learning activities are one of the factors that the school is lagging in terms of learning.
Therefore, this study aims to: (1) Produce interactive e-module teaching materials as programming learning media for class X TKJ SMK 1 Unaaha in the 3T area, (2) Determine the eligibility level of interactive E-Module for students in class X TKJ at SMKN 1 Unaaha. This study uses the research method (RnD) with the development model using the ADDIE model which includes several stages: (1) Analysis, (2) Design, (3) Development, (4) Implementation, (5) Evaluation. Data collection techniques used in this study were: (1) Observation, (2) Interview, (3) Questionnaire/questionnaire). The test subjects were conducted on 33 class X TKJ students. The results showed that: Tests conducted by material experts obtained an average value of 3.5 with a very good product category, if converted into a percentage, the product yield was 87% with a very feasible product category. Tests by media experts produce a value of 3.8 with a very good product category, and if converted into a percentage, the result is 95%. Testing by users or students obtained an average result of 3.6 with the Very Good product category.
KORELASI HAMBATAN, PERSEPSI PEMBELAJARAN ONLINE TERHADAP MOTIVASI BELAJAR PESERTA DIDIK TKR SMKN 1 MAGELANG
Authors: Wardani Fajar Restu , Siswanto Ibnu
Published: May 2024

Tujuan penelitian ini ialah: (1) mengetahui hambatan yang dialami oleh peserta didik saat mengikuti pembelajaran online, (2) memperoleh gambaran mengenai persepsi dan motivasi belajar peserta didik saat mengikuti pembelajaran online pada Kompetensi Keahlian Teknik Kendaraan Ringan SMKN 1 Magelang, (3) mengetahui hubungan antara variabel persepsi pembelajaran online dan hambatan pelaksanaan pembelajaran online terhadap motivasi belajar peserta didik. Penelitian ini merupakan jenis penelitian asosiatif dengan menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif. Teknik analisis data menggunakan uji prasyarat analisis yaitu uji normalitas (Kolmogorov-Smirnov), uji liniearitas (uji F), dan uji hipotesis menggunakan rumus korelasi berganda. Untuk mengetahui seberapa besar sumbangan variabel bebas terhadap variabel terikat menggunakan koefisiensi determinan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa: (1) hambatan peserta didik dalam pembelajaran online termasuk dalam kategori sedang (61,33%) hambatan-hambatan tersebut berupa hambatan internal dan hambatan eksternal, (2) persepsi mayoritas peserta didik dalam kategori sedang (58,56%) dan motivasi belajar mayoritas peserta didik dalam kategori sedang (74,59%), (3) terdapat hubungan positif dan signifikan antara variabel persepsi pembelajaran online dan hambatan pelaksanaan pembelajaran online terhadap motivasi belajar peserta didik (nilai r = 0,436). Sumbangan variabel persepsi pembelajaran online dan hambatan pelaksanaan pembelajaran online terhadap motivasi belajar peserta didik sebesar 19%.
ANALISIS BUTIR SOAL PEMELIHARAAN SASIS DAN PEMINDAH TENAGA KENDARAAN RINGAN KELAS XI SMK NEGERI 1 SEYEGAN
Authors: Musyaffa Dafiqi , Sukaswanto Sukaswanto
Published: May 2024

This study aims to determine the quality of the multiple choice items for the Final Assessment of Odd Semester Subjects for Chassis Maintenance and Light Vehicle Power Transfer for Class XI SMK Negeri 1 Seyegan for the 2020/2021 Academic Year. This research is a type of descriptive research with a quantitative approach. The data collection technique used is documentation to obtain data in the form of test question sheets, answer keys, and student responses. The data obtained were then analyzed using the program Anates Version 4.0.9 where the program will analyze the items in terms of validity, reliability, level of difficulty, discriminatory power, and effectiveness of distractors. The subjects in this study were all students of class XI Automotive Light Vehicle Engineering at SMK Negeri 1 Seyegan for the 2020/2021 Academic Year. The results showed that the quality of the multiple choice items for the Odd Semester Final Assessment of a total of 25 questions, there were 11 items (44%) in the very good category, 10 items (40%) in the good category, 2 items (8%) ) is in the sufficient category, 1 item (4%) is in the poor category, and 1 item (4%) is in the bad category. Overall, these items are of good quality and deserve to be tested on students.