bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Using Plant Volume to Quantify Interference in Corn (Zea mays) Neighborhoods
Authors: Bussler Brett H. , Maxwell Bruce D. , Puettmann Klaus J.
Published: May 2019

Measurements of above-ground plant volume were used to quantify corn interference with common cocklebur and velvetleaf. Separate experiments were carried out for each weed species in which neighborhoods with a radius of 50 cm were established around target plants of both species, selected from a range of corn plus cocklebur or velvetleaf densities. Height and canopy area of target plants and neighbor corn and weed populations were measured periodically during the growing season. Target plant (corn, cocklebur, or velvetleaf) size as well as corn and weed population size within each neighborhood were quantified as cylindrical volumes. Regression analysis was used to quantify the relationship between target plant seed production and cylindrical volumes of the target and neighbor species. Both target and neighbor plant volumes were correlated with target plant seed production for all species. The ratio of target plant volume to total neighborhood plant volume (volume ratio) was the independent variable that accounted for the most variation in target plant seed production. These volume-based variables may be used to develop competitive indices in physico-empirical based interference models.
Absence of Differential Fitness Between Giant Foxtail (Setaria faberi) Accessions Resistant and Susceptible to Acetyl-Coenzyme A Carboxylase Inhibitors
Authors: Wiederholt Ronald J. , Stoltenberg David E.
Published: May 2019

Experiments were conducted to determine the productivity, inter-, and intraspecific competitive ability of giant foxtail accessions resistant (PCW1) and susceptible (AC1) to acetyl-coenzyme A carboxylase (ACCase) inhibitors. Under noncompetitive conditions in the field, shoot dry biomass, plant height, and leaf area over time were similar between the PCW1 and AC1 accessions. The instantaneous relative growth rate and instantaneous net assimilation rate did not differ between the accessions; however, the instantaneous leaf area ratio was slightly greater for the AC1 accession than the PCW1 accession. The seed yield was similar between the PCW1 and AC1 accessions. Addition series experiments were conducted in the field to determine the intraspecific competitive ability of the PCW1 and AC1 accessions. Regression surface analysis of reciprocal mean shoot dry biomass and seed yield indicated that the relative competitive ability of the PCW1 and AC1 accessions was similar. Replacement series experiments were conducted in the greenhouse with or without corn to determine the interspecific competitive ability of the accessions. The relative growth rate, shoot dry biomass, and seed yield of the PCW1 and AC1 accessions were greater without than with corn competition. The relative competitive ability of the PCW1 and AC1 accessions was similar with or without corn competition based on shoot dry biomass or seed yield. These results indicated that the intra- and interspecific competitive ability of the PCW1 and AC1 giant foxtail accessions are similar and suggest that resistance to ACCase inhibitors has not reduced the relative fitness of the PCW1 accession.
Applications of an Ecophysiological Model for Irrigated Rice (Oryza sativa)-EchinochloaCompetition
Authors: Lindquist John L. , Kropff Martin J.
Published: May 2019

A simulation model of rice-barnyardgrass competition for light was used for two management applications. First, simulations using 47 weather data sets from four locations in Asia were conducted to evaluate the influence of weather variation on single year economic threshold densities of barnyardgrass. Second, rapid leaf area expansion and leaf area index were evaluated as potential indicators of improved rice competitiveness and tolerance to barnyardgrass. Influence of weather variation on single year economic thresholds was small under the assumption that competition was for light only. Increasing early leaf area expansion rate reduced simulated barnyardgrass seed production and increased single year economic thresholds, suggesting that the use of competitive rice cultivars may reduce the need for chemical weed control. The model predicted that rice leaf area index 70 to 75 d after planting was a good indicator of early leaf area expansion rate.
Effect of Long-term Vetch (Vicia villosa) Cover Crop and Tillage System on Fluometuron Dissipation from Surface Soil
Authors: Brown Blake A. , Hayes Robert M. , Tyler Donald D. , Mueller Thomas C.
Published: May 2019

This research examined the effect of mechanical soil disturbance (none or tilled) and legume crop residues (none or hairy vetch) on fluometuron dissipation for 2 yr from the top 0 to 8 cm of soil in a 10 yr field experiment. Soil pH in the upper 0 to 8 cm was ≤ 5.6, and soil organic matter was highest in plots not-tilled and plots which had a vetch cover crop. Calculated initial half-lives of fluometuron ranged from 19 to 38 d in the 2 yr. Neither tillage nor cover crop influenced early-season fluometuron dissipation. However, there were detectable amounts of fluometuron in all treatments 1 yr after application.
Trumpism and the Dialectic of Neoliberal Reason
Authors: Lebow David
Published: May 2019

Guided by the thesis that fascism was the outcome of a dialectic of instrumental reason, I argue that Trumpism is the result of a dialectic of neoliberal reason. The 2008 crisis revealed that widely distributed consumption could no longer be sustained through escalating debt, as it had been since neoliberalizing reforms in the 1970s. Economic crisis has been interpreted through a culture market in which pseudo-individual consumers choose what hyperreal public they prefer and participate in pseudo-activity through social media. Retreat into insular hyperrealities and hostility to dissonant alternatives reinforce each other in an escalating logic generating partisan incivility and fake news. The de-democratization of the state through subservience to private interests and political dysfunction has combined with the consumer’s uncompromising mentality as a dissatisfied customer to channel politicization into populism. It aggregates negatively through shared dissatisfaction, driving escalating antagonism between technocratic responsibility and populist responsiveness. These escalating economic, cultural, and political contradictions heighten negative “freedom from” restraints while subverting positive “freedom to” relate meaningfully to the world. This intensifies anxieties and receptivity to authoritarianism as a self-defeating escape from neoliberal freedom. Trumpism exploits precarity, corrupts democratic norms, and licenses misdirected aggression. This neoliberal authoritarianism is inverted fascism. Trump’s presidency is more effect than cause.
Workplace Goal Orientation
Authors: Theis Leonie , Bipp Tanja
Published: May 2019

Abstract. We investigated the construct and criterion-related validity of workplace goal orientation via two studies. Aiming to extend prior findings on this construct ( Van Dam, 2015 ), in Study 1 ( N = 334), we inspected the predictive role that learning, performance-approach, and performance-avoidance goal orientation at work play in terms of employees’ learning, task, and contextual performance. In Study 2 ( N = 201), we examined the mediating role of proactive behavior concerning the relationship between workplace (learning) goal orientation and performance. First, we found evidence for the three-dimensional structure of the translated and adapted German measurement instrument across two independent samples of employees. Second, we found support for the criterion-related validity of workplace goal orientation for important work-related outcomes. Especially learning goal orientation was positively related to learning and performance outcomes within the work context. Third, we demonstrated that the link between workplace learning goal orientation and performance is mediated by proactive behavior. It therefore seems inevitable for organizations to support the setting and pursuit of learning goals within the workplace to increase the probability of the occurrence of proactive behavior and sustain employees’ high performance and continuous learning.
Molecular basis for heat desensitization of TRPV1 ion channels
Authors: Luo Lei , Wang Yunfei , Li Bowen , Xu Lizhen , Kamau Peter Muiruri , Zheng Jie , Yang Fan , Yang Shilong , Lai Ren
Published: May 2019

The transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) ion channel is a prototypical molecular sensor for noxious heat in mammals. Its role in sustained heat response remains poorly understood, because rapid heat-induced desensitization (Dh) follows tightly heat-induced activation (Ah). To understand the physiological role and structural basis of Dh, we carried out a comparative study of TRPV1 channels in mouse (mV1) and those in platypus (pV1), which naturally lacks Dh. Here we show that a temperature-sensitive interaction between the N- and C-terminal domains of mV1 but not pV1 drives a conformational rearrangement in the pore leading to Dh. We further show that knock-in mice expressing pV1 sensed heat normally but suffered scald damages in a hot environment. Our findings suggest that Dh evolved late during evolution as a protective mechanism and a delicate balance between Ah and Dh is crucial for mammals to sense and respond to noxious heat.
Circulating miR-103a-3p contributes to angiotensin II-induced renal inflammation and fibrosis via a SNRK/NF-κB/p65 regulatory axis
Authors: Lu Qiulun , Ma Zejun , Ding Ye , Bedarida Tatiana , Chen Liming , Xie Zhonglin , Song Ping , Zou Ming-Hui
Published: May 2019

Although angiotensin II (AngII) is known to cause renal injury and fibrosis, the underlying mechanisms remain poorly characterized. Here we show that hypertensive nephropathy (HN) patients and AngII-infused mice exhibit elevated levels of circulating miR103a-3p. We observe a positive correlation between miR-103a-3p levels and AngII-induced renal dysfunction. miR-103a-3p suppresses expression of the sucrose non-fermentable-related serine/threonine-protein kinase SNRK in glomerular endothelial cells, and glomeruli of HN patients and AngII-infused mice show reduced endothelial expression of SNRK. We find that SNRK exerts anti-inflammatory effects by interacting with activated nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB)/p65. Overall, we demonstrate that AngII increases circulating miR-103a-3p levels, which reduces SNRK levels in glomerular endothelial cells, resulting in the over-activation of NF-κB/p65 and, consequently, renal inflammation and fibrosis. Together, our work identifies miR-103a-3p/SNRK/NF-κB/p65 as a regulatory axis of AngII-induced renal inflammation and fibrosis.
EXOSC10 is required for RPA assembly and controlled DNA end resection at DNA double-strand breaks
Authors: Domingo-Prim Judit , Endara-Coll Martin , Bonath Franziska , Jimeno Sonia , Prados-Carvajal Rosario , Friedländer Marc R. , Huertas Pablo , Visa Neus
Published: May 2019

The exosome is a ribonucleolytic complex that plays important roles in RNA metabolism. Here we show that the exosome is necessary for the repair of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) in human cells and that RNA clearance is an essential step in homologous recombination. Transcription of DSB-flanking sequences results in the production of damage-induced long non-coding RNAs (dilncRNAs) that engage in DNA-RNA hybrid formation. Depletion of EXOSC10, an exosome catalytic subunit, leads to increased dilncRNA and DNA-RNA hybrid levels. Moreover, the targeting of the ssDNA-binding protein RPA to sites of DNA damage is impaired whereas DNA end resection is hyper-stimulated in EXOSC10-depleted cells. The DNA end resection deregulation is abolished by transcription inhibitors, and RNase H1 overexpression restores the RPA recruitment defect caused by EXOSC10 depletion, which suggests that RNA clearance of newly synthesized dilncRNAs is required for RPA recruitment, controlled DNA end resection and assembly of the homologous recombination machinery.
First Report of Prevalence of Blood-Borne Viruses (HBV, HCV, HIV, HTLV-1 and Parvovirus B19) Among Hemophilia Patients in Afghanistan
Authors: Mousavi Sayed Hamid , Khairkhah Niloofar , Bahri Tina Delsouz , Anvar Ali , Saraji Alireza Azizi , Behnava Bita , Alavian Seyed Moayed , Namvar Ali
Published: May 2019

Blood-borne viruses including Hepatitis B and C, HIV, HTLV-1 and parvovirus B19 are still a factor of concern, especially for hemophilia patients. Although the safety of the blood supply continues to improve worldwide, the blood supply system in Afghanistan was damaged by many years of conflict and political instability. To date, there are few studies focused on the prevalence of blood-borne viruses in hemophilia patients. This study is first to investigate the prevalence of five blood-borne viruses in Afghanistan hemophilia patients in four cities including Kabul, Herat, Mazar-i-Sharif and Jalal Abad. A total of 80 hemophilia male patients were screening for the presence of five transfusion-transmitted viruses using ELISA and PCR. Data obtained showed 2.5% seropositivity for HBV, 8.75% seropositivity for HCV, and 91.25% seropositivity for parvovirus B19. None of the patients were positive for HIV and HTLV-1 and the prevalence of HCV was higher in older patients rather than younger patients. This finding, the first to report in Afghanistan, shows a high prevalence of parvovirus B19 in Afghanistan hemophilia patients and implementation of highly sensitive screening is necessary.
Assessment of forest restoration with multitemporal remote sensing imagery
Authors: Liu Cheng-Chien , Chen Yi-Hsin , Wu Mei-Heng Margaret , Wei Chiang , Ko Ming-Hsun
Published: May 2019

Climate variability and man-made impacts have severely damaged forests around the world in recent years, which calls for an urgent need of restoration aiming toward long-term sustainability for the forest environment. This paper proposes a new three-level decision tree (TLDT) approach to map forest, shadowy, bare and low-vegetated lands sequentially by integrating three spectral indices. TLDT requires neither image normalization nor atmospheric correction, and improves on the other methods by introducing more levels of decision tree classification with inputs from the same multispectral imagery. This approach is validated by comparing the results obtained from aerial orthophotos (25 cm) that were acquired at approximately the same time in which the Formosa-2 images (8 m) were being taken. The overall accuracy is as high as 96.8% after excluding the deviations near the boundary of each class caused by the different resolutions. With TLDT, the effectiveness of forest restoration at 30 sites are assessed using all available multispectral Formosat-2 images acquired between 2005 and 2016. The distinction between natural regeneration and regrowth enhanced by restoration efforts were also made by using the existing dataset and TLDT developed in this research. This work supports the use of multitemporal remote sensing imagery as a reliable source of data for assessing the effectiveness of forest restoration on a regular basis. This work also serves as the basis for studying the global trend of forest restoration in the future.
MHD flow of Maxwell fluid with nanomaterials due to an exponentially stretching surface
Authors: Farooq Umer , Lu Dianchen , Munir Shahzad , Ramzan Muhammad , Suleman Muhammad , Hussain Shahid
Published: May 2019

In many industrial products stretching surfaces and magnetohydrodynamics are being used. The purpose of this article is to analyze magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) non-Newtonian Maxwell fluid with nanomaterials in a surface which is stretching exponentially. Thermophoretic and Brownian motion effects are incorporated using Buongiorno model. The given partial differential system is converted into nonlinear ordinary differential system by employing adequate self-similarity transformations. Locally series solutions are computed using BVPh 2.0 for wide range of governing parameters. It is observed that the flow is expedite for higher Deborah and Hartman numbers. The impact of thermophoresis parameter on the temperature profile is minimal. Mathematically, this study describes the reliability of BVPh 2.0 and physically we may conclude the study of stretching surfaces for non-Newtonian Maxwell fluid in the presence of nanoparticles can be used to obtain desired qualities.
Molecular epidemiology of hepatitis C virus in Cambodia during 2016–2017
Authors: Nouhin Janin , Iwamoto Momoko , Prak Sophearot , Dousset Jean-Philippe , Phon Kerya , Heng Seiha , Kerleguer Alexandra , Le Paih Mickaël , Dussart Philippe , Maman David , Rouet François
Published: May 2019

In Cambodia, little epidemiological data of hepatitis C virus (HCV) is available. All previous studies were limited to only small or specific populations. In the present study, we performed a characterization of HCV genetic diversity based on demography, clinical data, and phylogenetic analysis of HCV non-structural 5B (NS5B) sequences belonging to a large cohort of patients (n = 3,133) coming from majority part of Cambodia between September 2016 and December 2017. The phylogenetic analysis revealed that HCV genotype 1 and 6 were the most predominant and sharing equal proportions (46%). The remaining genotypes were genotype 2 (4.3%) and unclassified variants (3.6%). Among genotype 1, subtype 1b was the most prevalent subtype accounting for 94%. Within genotype 6, we observed a high degree of diversity and the most common viral subtypes were 6e (44%) and 6r (23%). This characteristic points to the longstanding history of HCV in Cambodia. Geographic specificity of viral genotype was not observed. Risks of HCV infection were mainly associated with experience of an invasive medical procedure (64.7%), having partner with HCV (19.5%), and blood transfusion (9.9%). In addition, all of these factors were comparable among different HCV genotypes. All these features define the specificity of HCV epidemiology in Cambodia.
Downregulated Wnt/β-catenin signalling in the Down syndrome hippocampus
Authors: Granno Simone , Nixon-Abell Jonathon , Berwick Daniel C. , Tosh Justin , Heaton George , Almudimeegh Sultan , Nagda Zenisha , Rain Jean-Christophe , Zanda Manuela , Plagnol Vincent , Tybulewicz Victor L. J. , Cleverley Karen , Wiseman Frances K. , Fisher Elizabeth M. C. , Harvey Kirsten
Published: May 2019

Pathological mechanisms underlying Down syndrome (DS)/Trisomy 21, including dysregulation of essential signalling processes remain poorly understood. Combining bioinformatics with RNA and protein analysis, we identified downregulation of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway in the hippocampus of adult DS individuals with Alzheimer’s disease and the ‘Tc1’ DS mouse model. Providing a potential underlying molecular pathway, we demonstrate that the chromosome 21 kinase DYRK1A regulates Wnt signalling via a novel bimodal mechanism. Under basal conditions, DYRK1A is a negative regulator of Wnt/β-catenin. Following pathway activation, however, DYRK1A exerts the opposite effect, increasing signalling activity. In summary, we identified downregulation of hippocampal Wnt/β-catenin signalling in DS, possibly mediated by a dose dependent effect of the chromosome 21-encoded kinase DYRK1A. Overall, we propose that dosage imbalance of the Hsa21 gene DYRK1A affects downstream Wnt target genes. Therefore, modulation of Wnt signalling may open unexplored avenues for DS and Alzheimer’s disease treatment.
Fabrication of Pd NPs-supported porous carbon by integrating the reducing reactivity and carbon-rich network of lignin
Authors: Han Guocheng , Jiang Qimeng , Ye Weijie , Liu Chuanfu , Wang Xiaoying
Published: May 2019

The renewable resource as a major feedstock to prepare porous carbon has showed many advantages compared to fossil-based materials. This study proposes a new strategy to synthesize palladium nanoparticles (Pd NPs)-supported porous carbon, utilizing both the chemical reactivity and the carbon-rich 3D network of lignin. The Pd NPs-supported porous carbons were prepared in one-pot synthesis, with Pd(NH3)2Cl2 as precursor, lignin as reducing and stabilizing agents of Pd NPs, nano SiO2 as hard-template, followed by carbonization and removal of the template. The results reveal a positive effect of Pd precursor dosage on the development and excellent texture of the Pd NPs-supported porous carbon. Accordingly, the synthesized porous carbon was proved to have large micropore volume and good micro-mesopore porous structure, revealing it a promising hydrogen adsorbent.
Systemic inflammation contributes to impairment of quality of life in chronic pancreatitis
Authors: Robinson Stuart M. , Rasch Sebastian , Beer Sebastian , Valantiene Irena , Mickevicius Artautas , Schlaipfer Elisabeth , Mann Jelena , Maisonneuve Patrick , Charnley Richard M. , Rosendahl Jonas
Published: May 2019

Chronic pancreatitis (CP) is a fibrotic disorder of the pancreas leading to clinical sequelae like pain and an excess of comorbidity including cardiovascular disease and cancers. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between systemic inflammation and quality of life in patients with CP. Patients were prospectively recruited and underwent a quality of life assessment (EORTC QLQ-C30 and PAN 28). The serum inflammatory profile was assessed using an MSD 30-plex array. The relationship between clinical variables, inflammatory cytokines and quality of life was determined by a GLM-MANOVA and the individual impact of significant variables evaluated by a second ANOVA. In total, 211 patients with a median age of 53 years were recruited across 5 European centres. Gender, age, nicotine and alcohol abuse were clinical variables associated with altered quality of life. Systemic inflammation with high levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines (Eotaxin, IL-1β, IL-7, IL-8, IL-12/IL-23p40, IL-12p70, IL-13, IL-16, IP-10, MCP-1, MCP-4, MDC, MIP-1a, TARC, TNFß) was associated with diminished quality of life in general and specific domains including pain, physical and cognitive functioning. As conclusion, CP is associated with a systemic inflammatory response that has a negative impact on quality of life and accelerates aging.
A high-throughput and ultrasensitive identification methodology for unauthorized GMP component based on suspension array and logical calculator
Authors: Zhu Pengyu , Fu Wei , Wei Shuang , Liu Xiao , Wang Chenguang , Lu Yun , Shang Ying , Wu Xiyang , Wu Yuping , Zhu Shuifang
Published: May 2019

To solve the problem of the unauthorized GMP components within import and export goods, the LI-US (Logic Identification of unauthorized GMP content by Universal-primer Suspension-array) system, which takes advantage of suspension array and logic calculator, was developed in the present study. Seventeen signal input channels have been optimized and validated in our research to ensure the multiplex practicality of the LI-US system. Three LI-US logic gates, including a YES gate, an OR gate and an AND gate, were designed as different detection strategies for GMP identification. The feasibility and specificity of the LI-US system were validated in the present study. Combining the optimization and evaluation of the signal input procedure, the sensitivity of this LI-US system reached 0.05% of the GMP mass concentration. The practicability evaluation of LI-US demonstrated its application within different substrates and varieties. In conclusion, the LI-US system was developed with extremely high specificity, sensitivity and practicability among different substrates and varieties, which could meet the demands of unauthorized GMP contents for both import and export goods.
Radiation-induced magnetoresistance oscillations in monolayer and bilayer graphene
Authors: Mani R. G. , Kriisa A. , Munasinghe R.
Published: May 2019

We examine the characteristics of the microwave/mm-wave/terahertz radiation-induced magnetoresistance oscillations in monolayer and bilayer graphene and report that the oscillation frequency of the radiation-induced magnetoresistance oscillations in the massless, linearly dispersed monolayer graphene system should depend strongly both on the Fermi energy, and the radiation frequency, unlike in the case of the massive, parabolic, GaAs/AlGaAs 2D electron system, where the radiation-induced magnetoresistance oscillation frequency depends mainly on the radiation frequency. This possible dependence of the magnetoresistance oscillation frequency on the Fermi level at a fixed radiation frequency also suggests a sensitivity to the gate voltage in gated graphene, which suggests an in-situ tunable photo-excitation response in monolayer graphene that could be useful for sensing applications. In sharp contrast to monolayer graphene, bilayer graphene is expected to show radiation-induced magnetoresistance oscillations more similar to the results observed in the GaAs/AlGaAs 2D system. Such expectations for the radiation-induced magnetoresistance oscillations are presented here to guide future experimental studies in both of these modern atomic layer material systems.
Status and predictors of planning ability in adult long-term survivors of CNS tumors and other types of childhood cancer
Authors: Ernst Mareike , Tibubos Ana N. , Unterrainer Josef , Burghardt Juliane , Brähler Elmar , Wild Philipp S. , Jünger Claus , Faber Jörg , Schneider Astrid , Beutel Manfred E.
Published: May 2019

Long-term childhood cancer survivors’ (CCS) quality of life can be impacted by late effects such as cognitive difficulties. Especially survivors of CNS tumors are assumed to be at risk, but reports of cognitive tests in CCS with survival times >25 years are scarce. We assessed planning ability, a capacity closely related to fluid intelligence, using the Tower of London. We compared 122 CNS tumor survivors, 829 survivors of other cancers (drawn from a register-based sample of adult long-term CCS), and 215 healthy controls (using sex-specific one-way ANOVAs and t-tests). Associations of CCS’ planning ability with medical and psychosocial factors were investigated with a hierarchical linear regression analysis. Mean planning ability did not differ between CCS and controls. However, female CNS tumor survivors performed worse than female survivors of other cancers and female controls. CNS tumor survivors of both sexes had a lower socioeconomic status, and fewer of them had achieved high education than other survivors. In the regression analysis, lower status and anxiety symptoms were associated with poor planning, suggesting possible mediators of effects of disease and treatment. The results indicate the necessity to contextualize test results, and to include cognitive and psychological assessments into aftercare.
Multiscale reactor modelling of total pressure effects on complete methane oxidation over Pd/Al2O3
Authors: Florén Carl-Robert , Carlsson Per-Anders , Creaser Derek , Grönbeck Henrik , Skoglundh Magnus
Published: May 2019

A two-dimensional multiscale model is developed to describe the complete methane oxidation reaction for simulated exhaust gas conditions.
Micellar catalysis of an iron(iii)-MOF: enhanced biosensing characteristics
Authors: Aghayan Morvarid , Mahmoudi Ali , Sohrabi Samaneh , Dehghanpour Saeed , Nazari Khodadad , Mohammadian-Tabrizi Navid
Published: May 2019

Recent years have seen an enormous growth of interest in enzyme mimics based on porous materials as a substitute for natural enzymes.
Biodegradable organosilica magnetic micelles for magnetically targeted MRI and GSH-triggered tumor chemotherapy
Authors: Yang Tiangang , Niu Dechao , Chen Jianzhuang , He Jianping , Yang Shaobo , Jia Xiaobo , Hao Jina , Zhao Wenru , Li Yongsheng
Published: May 2019

A GSH-responsive Fe3O4/DOX co-loaded PEGylated organosilica-based biodegradable nanosystem was developed for magnetically targeted magnetic resonance imaging and tumor chemotherapy.
Investigation on the allergen profile of the soluble fraction of autoclaved peanuts and its interaction with Caco-2 cells
Authors: Bavaro Simona L. , Orlando Antonella , De Angelis Elisabetta , Russo Francesco , Monaci Linda
Published: May 2019

Peanuts are a source of proteins and fats but they are also considered a harmful food for individuals who are allergic to them due to their ability to trigger severe and life-threatening reactions.
Fungal natural alkaloid schizocommunin activates the aryl hydrocarbon receptor pathway
Authors: Filip Roxana , Shaw Tyler A. , Nishida Atsushi , Pezacki John Paul
Published: May 2019

Activation of AhR by schizocommunin is linked to increased expression of xenobiotic metabolizing enzymes associated with immune and allergic responses.
Aminopyrimidine–galactose hybrids are highly selective galectin-3 inhibitors
Authors: Dahlqvist Alexander , Zetterberg Fredrik R. , Leffler Hakon , Nilsson Ulf J.
Published: May 2019

Galactopyranosides with aryl-aminopyrimidine moieties at O3 inhibit the tumor and immunity-related galectin-3 with high selectivity over other galectins.
Is protein context responsible for peptide-mediated interactions?
Authors: Zhou Peng , Miao Qingqing , Yan Fugang , Li Zhongyan , Jiang Qianhu , Wen Li , Meng Yang
Published: May 2019

Many cell signaling pathways are orchestrated by the weak, transient, and reversible peptide-mediated interactions (PMIs). Here, the role of protein context in contributing to the stability and specificity of PMIs is investigated systematically.
Correlation of near-unity quantum yields with photogenerated excitons in X-type ligand passivated CsPbBr3 perovskite quantum dots
Authors: Park Sunjoong , Cho Hyunjin , Choi Wonseok , Zou Hanfeng , Jeon Duk Young
Published: May 2019

The TCSPC analysis revealed that DDT-PQDs mainly performed single radiative decay, whereas PQDs showed additional slow nonradiative decay with rise of temperature.
Self-limiting electrode with double-carbon layers as walls for efficient sodium storage performance
Authors: Wang Yinghui , Zhang Deyang , Wang Yangbo , Zhang Yingge , Liu Xianming , Zhou Weiwei , Kim Jang-Kyo , Luo Yongsong
Published: May 2019

A self-limiting electrode with double-carbon layers as walls for efficient sodium storage performance.
Layer-by-layer assembly of nanofilms to control cell functions
Authors: Zeng Jinfeng , Matsusaki Michiya
Published: May 2019

Control of cell functions by layer-by-layer assembly has a great challenge in tissue engineering and biomedical applications. We summarize current hot approaches in this review.
Ring-opening supramolecular polymerization controlled by orthogonal non-covalent interactions
Authors: Xiao Tangxin , Zhong Weiwei , Qi Lijie , Gu Jiande , Feng Xuejun , Yin Yue , Li Zheng-Yi , Sun Xiao-Qiang , Cheng Ming , Wang Leyong
Published: May 2019

The π–π interaction has been successfully utilized to orthogonally regulate the supramolecular polymerization driven by quadruple hydrogen bonding.
Single-molecule study on conformational dynamics of M.HhaI
Authors: He Shanshan , Yang Chen , Peng Sijia , Chen Chunlai , Zhao Xin Sheng
Published: May 2019

Huge conformational rearrangements in M.HhaI were observed by a single-molecule study.
In situ observation of lithium metal plating in a sulfur-based solid electrolyte for all-solid-state batteries
Authors: Kim Seong Heon , Kim KiHong , Choi Hyungkook , Im Dongmin , Heo Sung , Choi Hong Soo
Published: May 2019

The in situ AES/AEM technique for practical all-solid-state batteries with sulfur-based solid electrolytes was developed and the real time observation of Li dendrite growth was successfully achieved.
Copper-incorporated hierarchical wire-on-sheet α-Ni(OH)2 nanoarrays as robust trifunctional catalysts for synergistic hydrogen generation and urea oxidation
Authors: Xie Junfeng , Gao Li , Cao Shanshan , Liu Weiwei , Lei Fengcai , Hao Pin , Xia Xinyuan , Tang Bo
Published: May 2019

Copper-incorporated α-Ni(OH)2 nanoarrays with a unique hierarchical wire-on-sheet structure and local Ni3+ species are explored as efficient trifunctional electrocatalysts for urea oxidation and water electrolysis.
Two-dimensional, few-layer NiPS3 for flexible humidity sensor with high selectivity
Authors: Jenjeti Ramesh Naidu , Kumar Rajat , Sampath S.
Published: May 2019

Chemically and electrically sensitive two-dimensional (2D) nanomaterials are of immense interest as probing electrodes for wearable electronic devices.
Photo-enhanced Zn–air batteries with simultaneous highly efficientin situH2O2generation for wastewater treatment
Authors: Wang Kun , Mo Zhuohua , Tang Songtao , Li Mingyang , Yang Hao , Long Bei , Wang Yi , Song Shuqin , Tong Yexiang
Published: May 2019

A photo-enhanced Zn–air battery with simultaneous highly efficientin situH2O2generation for wastewater treatment was constructed.
Converting an automobile turbocharger into a micro gas turbine
Authors: Butt M Usman
Published: May 2019

A low cost micro turbojet made by using an automobile turbocharger and other automobile components for research is presented in this paper. The machine comprises mainly of three main assemblies, the compressor & turbine assembly, the combustion chamber and the lubrication & cooling accessories. Carefully selected turbocharger with correct compressor & turbine combination by taking into account their efficiencies and losses associated with their small size and suitably designed combustion chamber results in a self-sustaining turbojet. The combustion chamber is composed of a combustion liner/flame tube and an outer cylinder. The flame tube is divided into three different zones to allow complete combustion and cooling of hot gases. The fuel used is liquid petroleum gas (LPG). The maximum pressure recorded in the combustion chamber was 11.5 psi and a pressure loss of about 4%. The maximum rpm (revolutions per minute) of the engine ranged to 84000.
Modelling, design and analysis of three controllers based on LQR formulation for a non-linear hydraulic uniaxial seismic shake table
Authors: Sarmiento José Luis , Borrás Pinilla Carlos
Published: May 2019

This study presents the modelling, design and analysis of three controllers applied to the non-linear model of a hydraulic uniaxial seismic shake table. Firstly, the system’s non-linear model is constructed based on the dynamic and mathematical analysis of the hydraulic actuator and the servo valve. Then, three control systems based on the LQR formulation are designed for the acceleration tracking: Linear quadratic integral (LQI), linear quadratic tracking (LQT) and a variation of LQT. Lastly, simulations are carried out using the non-linear model as the plant and the results showed that the variation of the LQT control exhibited the best acceleration tracking performance.
Comparison of PFC Controllers for Heating Process
Authors: Laszczyk Piotr
Published: May 2019

The paper presents research with Predictive Functional Control (PFC) for fluid heating process. Two types of models are proposed and used as internal models for PFC algorithm. The first one includes all nonlinearities that are captured in the process, while the second one includes additionally time varying dead time. Both models were calibrated and verified using experimental data. The paper compares performance of two PFC versions based on mentioned models to indicate the profit of including dead time in model based predictive (MPC) control. Experimental results indicate that including dead time in controller’s internal model result in better performance. Although including varying dead time in controller requires extra programming effort and implementation considerations. All identification and control experiments, which are presented in the paper, were made using experimental installation equipped with industrial control equipment.
A Short-baseline Dual-antenna BDS/MIMU Integrated Navigation System
Authors: Cai Tijing , Xu Qimeng , Gao Shuaipeng , Zhou Daijin
Published: May 2019

This paper puts forward a short-baseline dual-antenna BDS/MIMU integrated navigation, constructs the carrier phase double difference model of BDS (BeiDou Navigation Satellite System), and presents a 2-position initial orientation method on BDS. The Extended Kalman-filter has been applied for the integrated navigation system. The differences between MIMU and BDS position, velocity and carrier phase information are used as measurements. The experiment results indicate that the position error is less than 1m, the pitch angle error and roll angle error are less than 0.1°, and the heading angle error is about 1°. It shows that the new integrated navigation system has good performance and can be applied in various fields including USV and UAV.
Towards an anagraphical picture of high-energy Galactic neutrinos
Authors: Marinelli Antonio , Grasso Dario , Ventura Sofia
Published: May 2019

The TeV/PeV neutrino emission from our Galaxy is related to the distribution of cosmic-ray accelerators, their maximal energy of injection as well as the propagation of injected particles and their interaction with molecular gas. In the last years Interesting upper limits on the diffuse hadronic emission from the whole Galaxy, massive molecular clouds and Fermi Bubbles were set by the IceCube and ANTARES as well as HAWC and Fermi-LAT observations. On the other hand no evidence of Galactic point-like excess has been observed up to now by high-energy neutrino telescopes. This result can be related to the short duration of the PeV hadronic activity of the sources responsible for the acceleration of primary protons, possibly including supernova remnants. All these aspects will be discussed in this work.
Time dependence of the helium flux measured by PAMELA
Authors: Marcelli N. , Adriani O. , Barbarino G. C. , Bazilevskaya G. A. , Bellotti R. , Boezio M. , Bogomolov E. A. , Bongi M. , Bonvicini V. , Bottai S. , Bruno A. , Cafagna F. , Campana D. , Carlson P. , Casolino M. , Castellini G. , De Santis C. , Di Felice V. , Galper A. M. , Karelin A.V. , Koldashov S. V. , Koldobskiy S. , Krutkov S. Y. , Kvashnin A. N. , Leonov A. , Malakhov V. , Marcelli L. , Martucci M. , Mayorov A. G. , Menn W. , Mergè M. , Mikhailov V. V. , Mocchiutti E. , Monaco A. , Mori N. , Munini R. , Osteria G. , Panico B. , Papini P. , Pearce M. , Picozza P. , Ricci M. , Ricciarini S. B. , Simon M. , Sparvoli R. , Spillantini P. , Stozhkov Y. I. , Vacchi A. , Vannuccini E. , Vasilyev G. , Voronov S. A. , Yurkin Y. T. , Zampa G. , Zampa N. , Potgieter M. S. , Aslam O. P. M. , Bisschoff D.
Published: May 2019

Precision measurements of the Z = 2 component in cosmic radiation provide crucial information about the origin and propagation of the second most abundant cosmic ray species in the Galaxy (9% of the total). These measurements, acquired with the PAMELA space experiment orbiting Earth, allow to study solar modulation in details. Helium modulation is compared to the modulation of protons to study possible dependencies on charge and mass. The time dependence of helium fluxes on a monthly basis measured by PAMELA has been studied for the period between July 2006 to January 2016 in the energy range from 800 MeV/n to ~ 20 GeV/n.
Properties of Elementary Particle Fluxes in Primary Cosmic Rays Measured with the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer on the International Space Station
Authors: Nozzoli Francesco
Published: May 2019

Precision measurements by AMS of the fluxes of cosmic ray positrons, electrons, antiprotons, protons as well as their rations reveal several unexpected and intriguing features. The presented measurements extend the energy range of the previous observations with much increased precision. The new results show that the behavior of positron flux at around 300 GeV is consistent with a new source that produce equal amount of high energy electrons and positrons. In addition, in the absolute rigidity range 60–500 GV, the antiproton, proton, and positron fluxes are found to have nearly identical rigidity dependence and the electron flux exhibits different rigidity dependence.
Ultra High Energy Cosmic Rays: Origin, Composition and Spectrum
Authors: Aloisio Roberto
Published: May 2019

The physics of Ultra High Energy Cosmic Rays will be reviewed, discussing the latest experimental results and theoretical models aiming at explaining the observations in terms of spectra, mass composition and possible sources. It will be also discussed the emission of secondary particles such as neutrinos and gamma rays produced by the interaction of Ultra High Energy Cosmic Rays with astrophysical photon backgrounds. The content of the present proceeding paper is mainly based on the review papers [1, 2].
Directional dark matter search with the NEWSdm experiment
Authors: De Lellis Giovanni
Published: May 2019

The nature of Dark Matter is one of the fundamental questions to be answered. Direct Dark Matter searches are focussed on the development, construction, and operation of detectors looking for the scattering of Weakly Interactive Massive Particles (WIMPs) with target nuclei. The measurement of the direction of WIMP-induced nuclear recoils is a challenging strategy to extend dark matter searches beyond the neutrino floor and provide an unambiguous signature of the detection of Galactic dark matter. Current directional experiments are based on the use of gas TPC whose sensitivity is strongly limited by the small achievable detector mass. NEWSdm is an innovative directional experiment proposal based on the use of a solid target made by newly developed nuclear emulsion films and read-out systems achieving a position accuracy of 10 nm.
Temporal studies on GRB light curves for neutrino flux predictions in multi-collision zone models
Authors: Zegarelli Angela
Published: May 2019

For the analysis here presented, the most luminous GRB detected by Konus-WIND until now was selected, namely GRB 110918A. Through the NeuCosmA code, simulating multi-zone collisions during the GRB prompt emission, a synthetic light curve representative of the observed one has been obtained, in order to study how characteristic parameters of the inner engine activity influence the light curve. This is achieved by varying the input parameters values in the simulation. In agreement with other previous studies, the inner engine is found to be more variable than the observed light curve. Furthermore, the Empirical Mode Decomposition method is applied and its stability is analyzed. Finally, the first multi-collision neutrino flux estimate for a real GRB is presented. Assuming the flux evaluated through the simulation reproducing the GRB gamma-ray light curve and taking into account the data taking conditions and the detector response during the GRB episode, the number of expected signal in the ANTARES neutrino telescope from GRB 110918A was calculated to be µs=6.1×10-4, which is found to be a factor 20 lower than previous estimations with one-zone models.
Underground Nuclear Astrophysics: Present and future of the LUNA experiment
Authors: Gustavino Carlo
Published: May 2019

The evolution of celestial bodies is regulated by gravitation and thermonuclear reaction rates, while the Big Bang nucleosynthesis is the result of nuclear processes in a rapidly expanding Universe. The LUNA Collaboration has shown that, by exploiting the ultra low background achievable deep underground, it is possible to study the relevant nuclear processes down to the nucleosynthesis energy inside stars and during the first minutes of Universe. In this paper the main results of LUNA are overviewed, as well as the scientific program the forthcoming 3.5 MV underground accelerator.
Instruments optimizations for low energy Gamma-ray detection
Authors: Rodriguez Gonzalo , Morselli Aldo
Published: May 2019

There is an experimental gap in the study of the non-thermal universe in the photon energy range from 0.3 to 100 MeV. We have analyzed the performance of a detector with unprecedented sensitivity, angular and energy resolution and combined with polarimetric capability to study of the most powerful Galactic and extragalactic sources and with a line sensitivity in the MeV energy range two orders of magnitude better than previous generation of instruments that can determine the origin of key isotopes fundamental for the understanding of supernova explosion and the chemical evolution of our Galaxy.
Balloon-borne Cosmic Microwave Background experiments
Authors: Masi Silvia , Coppolecchia A. , Battistelli E. , de Bernardis P. , Columbro F. , D’Alessandro G. , Lamagna L. , Paiella A. , Piacentini F. , Presta G.
Published: May 2019

Stratospheric balloon experiments play a unique role in current Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) studies. CMB research has entered a precision phase, harvesting the detailed properties of its anisotropy, polarization and spectrum, at incredible precision levels. These measurements, however, require careful monitoring and subtraction of local backgrounds, produced by the earth atmosphere and the interstellar medium. High frequencies (larger than 180 GHz) are crucial for the measurements of interstellar dust contamination, but are degraded by atmospheric emission and its fluctuations, even in the best (cold and dry) sites on earth. For this reason, new balloon-borne missions, exploiting long-duration and ultra-long duration stratospheric flights, are being developed in several laboratories worldwide. These experiments have the double purpose of qualifying instrumentation and validating methods to be used on satellite missions, and produce CMB science at a relatively fast pace, synergically to ground-based CMB observatories.
Status and perspectives of the radio detection of highenergy cosmic rays
Authors: Hörandel Jörg R.
Published: May 2019

Status and perspectives of the radio detection of high-energy cosmic rays are discussed with emphasis on recent developments at the LOFAR radio telescope and the Pierre Auger Observatory.
Summer microhabitat use and overlap by the invasive Round Goby (Neogobius melanostomus) and native darters in the Trent River (Ontario, Canada)
Authors: Reid Scott M.
Published: May 2019

Understanding the impacts of the invasive Round Goby (Neogobius melanostomus) is important for North American native fish conservation. One proposed mechanism for native species declines is competition for habitat. In this study, summer habitat use by Round Goby and Channel Darter (Percina copelandi) and Logperch (P. caprodes) was studied in the Trent River (Canada). Spot-electrofishing and systematic habitat sampling were used to measure habitat availability and use. Suitability for all species varied across the range of habitat conditions. At Glen Ross, habitat suitability for Channel Darter and Round Goby was highest at intermediate water depths (0.2–0.6 m), lowest at high water velocities (> 1.0 ms−1) and increased with greater amounts of gravel and cobble. There were no significance habitat differences between capture locations of the two species. At Meyer's Reach, Logperch and Round Goby habitat suitability was highest at intermediate water depths (0.4–0.6 m) and where gravel and cobble were abundant. The relationship between suitability and water velocity differed between species, with moderate velocities less suitable for Round Goby. The amount of boulder and bedrock at capture locations of each species differed. Results indicate that competition for habitat with Round Goby will vary among darter species.
Rückenschmerzen: Wann muss man einweisen?
Authors: Bleckwenn Markus , Märker-Hermann Elisabeth
Published: May 2019

In the case of acute back pain, the indication for inpatient diagnosis and therapy is rarely given. The indication is provided if a potentially dangerous disease situation is suspected and if the pain is immobilizing or cannot be controlled on an outpatient basis. The high treatment numbers in German hospitals indicate that there is overuse in the treatment of back pain. Back pain, especially acute low back pain, is a frequent consultative activity of general practitioners. Serious diseases of the spine occur in only about 1 % of cases in GP practices. Identifying potentially dangerous disease outcomes requires a detailed history and thorough physical examination of the unclothed patient. “Red flags”, together with the overall clinical impression of the patient, provide decisive warnings for urgently needed back pain. Common non-specific low back pain can be treated on an outpatient basis by prescribing painkillers and instructions for exercise by GPs.