bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
LARGE SCALE SHORELINE PROTECTION WITH MINIMIZED DOWNDRIFT IMPACT, COTONOU, WEST AFRICA
Authors: Dibajnia Mohammad , Anglin Dave , Nairn Rob
Published: February 2019

Benin is a country in West Africa with a little more than 120 kilometers of coastline. The main port at Cotonou serving the country of Benin was completed in 1963. According to Dibajnia and Nairn (2004), Beninâ€™s coastline experiences incessant wave attack causing a longshore sand transport rate in the order of 1 million m3 per year (moving from west to east). The port facility initially blocked the full amount of sand transported along the shore, resulting in accumulation of a large beach on the updrift (west) side of the port and corresponding dramatic erosion of the downdrift (east) shoreline consisting of over 400 m of shoreline retreat by 2003 (i.e. over approximately 40 years). Additionally, since 1998 sand started to bypass around the harbor breakwater into the entrance channel. Harbor entrance channel dredging requirements was escalating with almost 1.5 million m3 dredged between 1998 and 2002. At the time of port construction, the downdrift erosion was not a concern as the area was largely undeveloped. However, with the inevitable expansion of the city of Cotonou towards the east, the ongoing erosion started to destroy newly developed residential and commercial areas.
DESIGNING PORT INFRASTUCTURE FOR SEA LEVEL CHANGE: A SURVEY OF ENGINEERS
Authors: Sweeney Benjamin , Becker Austin
Published: February 2019

This work will implement an online survey to gauge the North American port and marine infrastructure engineering communityâ€™s attitude and approach to planning for sea level change (SLC) for large-scale port engineering projects in their practice. Results will identify how engineers consider SLC in the design of marine infrastructure and address such questions as: For which types of projects do port and marine infrastructure engineers incorporate SLC considerations into their design? Where does the incentive to add a SLC design component to a project originate from? What levels of SLC do port and marine infrastructure engineers design for? How do the lifespan expectations and time horizons of maritime projects affect SLC considerations? Answers to these questions will provide baseline data that can be used to determine the role that the American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE) and others can play to best provide assistance to the engineering community, as well as for tracking how firms change their approach to incorporating SLC into their designs over time.
PREDICTING COASTAL ROADWAY DAMAGE USING MODIFIED DISPERSION FUNCTIONS
Authors: Pennison Garland , Webb Bret , Gidaris Ioannis , Padgett Jamie
Published: February 2019

Empirical dispersion functions appear to reasonably predict damage risks for coastal roadways subjected to coastal storm surge and wave hazards. County Road 257 (CR 257) in Brazoria County, Texas had significant damage at various locations during Hurricane Ike in September 2008. Cumulative peak hourly water surface elevation, wave period, and current velocity output from a hindcast ADCIRC+SWAN model was assessed using modified celerity dispersion functions relative to measured distance between road and shoreline. These intensity measures provide a strongly correlated model for predicting likelihood of road damage.
WAVE LOADS ASSESSMENT FOR SUBMERGED WATER INTAKE DESIGN
Authors: Saoxian Shen , Yang Zhang , Cornett Andrew
Published: February 2019

Estimating wave-induced forces on water intake is challenging, particularly for large size intake (up to 15m in its cap diameter) subject to breaking waves in shallow water. The relationships between wave properties and wave loads are not well understood, and no simple methods are available to predict hydrodynamic loads on submerged intakes, particularly under breaking waves. This paper attempts to provide a method of assessing wave forces on water intake pipe and velocity cap using the Froude-Krylov formula, based on physical modeling test results for submerged intake under breaking waves.
JETTY DESIGN USING DUAL LIFE-CYCLE AND PHYSICAL MODELING APPROACH â€“ COOS BAY, OR
Authors: Gonzalez Victor M. , Melby Jeffrey A. , Charles Lynda L. , Seabergh William B.
Published: February 2019

The advantages of risk-based methodologies over traditional deterministic analyses have been well documented for the design of coastal projects. The consideration of probabilistic forcing allows for the application of a life-cycle approach that can be used to optimize structure design, including the quantification of uncertainty. Damage progression and functional performance can be assessed over the projectâ€™s design life and can be considered in the design process. A lifecycle modeling approach was developed and applied, in conjunction with a 1:55 scale physical model, to the design of the North jetty major maintenance repair in Coos Bay, Oregon.
COUNTERMEASURE AGAINST EROSION BEHIND SUBMERGED BREAKWATER DUE TO SEA LEVEL RISE
Authors: Kuriyama Yoshiaki , Banno Masayuki
Published: February 2019

Submerged breakwaters are considered to be preferable countermeasures against beach erosion where the availability of sediments for nourishment is limited and tourism is prevalent because submerged breakwaters do not interfere with the view of the horizon from the shore. However, sandy beaches protected by submerged breakwaters are assumed to be vulnerable to relative sea level rise (SLR) and land subsidence because the crests of submerged breakwaters are below sea level. Kuriyama and Banno (2016) numerically predicted the future shoreline change under SLR and land subsidence on the Niigata West coast in Japan, which is protected by submerged breakwaters. The prediction showed that the shoreline will retreat 60 m over the next 100 years. In this study, we investigated the effects of countermeasures against the erosion due to SLR and land subsidence.
ON THE EFFECTIVENESS OF OSCILLATING WATER COLUMN DEVICES IN REDUCING THE AGITATION IN FRONT OF VERTICAL WALLS HARBOR STRUCTURES
Authors: Cappietti Lorenzo , Simonetti Irene
Published: February 2019

Wave reflection at harbor structures negatively affects the navigability of entrance canals and harbor tranquility. In case of rubble-mound structures this phenomenon is relatively limited if compared to vertical-wall structures. However, in case of deep waters, the use of the latter is an obliged choice due to economic reasons. Furthermore, vertical wall structures are also the preferred choice of harbor managers since they permit a better design of the berthing structures and help the effective use of space inside the harbor. Reducing the wave reflection at vertical wall structures is thus an important measure. To date, several approaches have been presented in the literature (see for instance Huang et al., 2011, and references therein). The effectiveness of slotted vertical perforated-walls has been studied since many years (most recently: Neelamani et al., 2017). Such kind of structure is often also adopted as frontal and internal wall of caisson breakwaters embodying one or multiple chambers (most recently: Ciocan et al., 2017). Another alternative, so far proposed, are caissons with internal rubble mound (Altomare, C., & Gironella, X., 2014). The so called Oscillating Water Column (OWC) concept, commonly investigated as wave energy converter (Falcão, 2010), can also represent a viable alternative to absorb the incident energy thus decreasing its reflection. However, the studies that investigate its effectiveness as anti-reflection device are quite limited (Liu and Geng, 2012, He and Huang 2016). This work aims to contribute to the present knowledge on the effectiveness of an OWC, embodied in quay walls or harbor breakwaters, as an alternative to reduce the wave reflection at vertical wall structures.
VERTICAL SEA WALL CREST MODIFICATIONS FOR OVERTOPPING
Authors: Kisacik Dogan , Tarakcioglu Gulizar Ozyurt , Baykal Cuneyt , Kaboglu Gokhan
Published: February 2019

Crest modifications such as a storm wall, parapet or a bullnose are widely used to reduce the wave overtopping over coastal structures where spatial and visual demands restrict the crest heights, especially in urban areas. Although reduction factors of these modifications have been studied for sloped structures in EurOtop Manual (2016), there is limited information regarding the vertical structures. This paper presents the experimental set-up and first results of wave overtopping tests for a vertical wall with several different super structure types: a) seaward storm wall, b) sloping promenade, c) landward storm wall, d) stilling wave basin (SWB), e) seaward storm wall with parapet, f) landward storm wall on the horizontal promenade with parapet, g) landward storm wall with parapet, h) stilling wave basin (SWB) with parapet, under breaking wave conditions. The SWB is made up of a seaward storm wall (may be a double shifted rows) , a sloping promenade (basin) and a landward storm wall. The seaward storm wall is partially permeable to allow the evacuation of the water in the basin.
OBSERVATION OF NEARSHORE WAVE-WAVE INTERACTION USING UAV
Authors: Matsuba Yoshinao , Shimozono Takenori , Tajima Yoshimitsu
Published: February 2019

Infragravity waves, generated by nearshore wave-wave interaction, potentially increase the coastal hazard. Lack of detailed observation of nearshore wave fields however makes it difficult to fully understand the behavior of infragravity waves under wave-wave interactions. These days, UAVs (Unmanned Aerial Vehicles) have enabled us to easily capture the top-view images of the dynamic nearshore behavior with sufficiently high spatial and temporal resolutions. In this study, we conducted UAV-based observations of cross-shore variations of wave spectral characteristics to clarify the nearshore wave-wave interactions.
NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF CYCLONE NARGIS (2008) AND ITS RELATED WAVE FIELD AT MYANMAR COAST BY USING WRF-SWAN MODEL
Authors: Kyaw Thit Oo , Shibayama Tomoya
Published: February 2019

Understanding potentially extreme wave conditions during cyclonic events is essential for many coastal projects such as port planning, construction and coastline protection. For that purpose, numerical modeling techniques have been utilized efficiently to predict cyclonic wind and wave fields. In this study, cyclone Nargis (2008), which is the most severe cyclone in recorded history of Myanmar and its related wind generated waves (offshore and nearshore) are reproduced by using Advanced Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF-ARW, Skamarock et al., 2008) and Simulating WAves Nearshore (SWAN, a third-generation wave model developed at TU Delft). In fact, a number of studies have been conducted on simulating the cyclone Nargis and its subsequent storm surges (such as Raju et al., 2011 and Tasnim et al., 2015). By contrast, this research mainly focuses on configuration of wind waves caused by cyclone Nargis in order to understand the extreme wave figure at Myanmar coast during cyclone Nargis. The reliability and performance of the WRF-SWAN model is also checked. The model results are compared with observed data from different sources (JTWC, IMD, NOAA etc.).
APPLICATIONS OF A 2DH POST-BOUSSINESQ MODEL: GENERATION AND PROPAGATION OF TSUNAMI AND SHIP-BORNE WAVES
Authors: Samaras Achilleas G. , Karambas Theophanis V.
Published: February 2019

In this work, the 2DH post-Boussinesq model of Karambas and Memos (2009) is tested in the generation and propagation of tsunami and ship-borne waves. Model results compare well with analytical solutions and physical experiments presented by Hammack (1973), Mitsotakis (2009) and David et al. (2017), highlighting the modelâ€™s accuracy and versatility.
A NEW HYBRID APPROACH IN THE CALIBRATION OF BOUSSINESQ-TYPE WAVE BREAKING MODELS
Authors: Moris JoaquÃ­n , CatalÃ¡n Patricio , Cienfuegos Rodrigo
Published: February 2019

Wave breaking is one of the main forcing mechanisms in coastal hydrodynamics, driving mean water levels and currents. Understanding its behavior is key in the goal of improving our comprehension of coastal morphodynamics variations. One way to improve our understanding is through the use of numerical models, such as phase-resolving numerical models based on the Boussinesq equations (Kirby, 2016), which are modified to include breaking by the inclusion of a breaking criteria and a dissipation mechanism. Since there is not a universal law capable of characterizing the wave breaking, the existing models must be calibrated. Traditionally, this is done by adjusting wave height profiles and other free surface statistical parameters without explicitly considering the time-space location and duration of the breaking process. Consequently, it is possible to calibrate a model that accurately represents wave elevation statistics parameters, such as wave height and wave set-up; however, it might not necessarily represent the breaking location-duration and therefore, the forcing.
ENERGY FLUX DAMPING DUE TO CORAL REEFS USING MODULAR ORGANICSHAPED 3D PRINTED ELEMENTS
Authors: Mendoza Edgar , Rios Ana , MariÃ±o-Tapia Ismael , Silva Rodolfo
Published: February 2019

The protective role of coral reefs on beaches has been widely demonstrated and studied (e.g. Ferrario, et al. 2014). The principal mechanism through which this is achieved is wave energy dissipation mainly due to wave breaking and bottom friction. Moreover, several beaches have been seen to start eroding or worsen their erosion patterns with the loss or damage to reef barriers. Recently, the effectiveness of coral reefs as wave attenuating barriers was found to have direct relation to a roughness index estimated as a function of the Nikuradse roughness (Rogers, et al., 2016; MariÃ±o-Tapia et al, 2015). Several projects have been implemented around the world which aim to mimic the services coral reefs bring to beaches (coastal protection, wave energy attenuation, habitat supply). These generally use artificial structures, composed of geometric elements with regular shape. The main goal of this work is to test scale model replicas of a natural coral reef and compare their performance as wave energy attenuator via the energy flux damping. The organic shape is expected to reduce the wave height efficiently and is likely to be colonized rapidly (although only hydrodynamic related variables will be reported).
MODELLING WAVE INTERFERENCE PATTERNS USING THE SWAN MODEL
Authors: Akrish Gal , Smit Pieter , Zijlema Marcel , Reniers Ad
Published: February 2019

This study presents an efficient approach of resolving wave interference patterns in spectral wave models (e.g., SWAN). Such interference patterns, which frequently occur in coastal waters (e.g., near headlands, harbor entrances and coastal inlets), may lead to rapid changes in wave statistics, and thus, can affect wave-driven flow and transport processes. Therefore, prediction of wave conditions for coastal applications should account for these effects. Presently, operational wave models compute the mean wave properties by solving the action balance equation, which describes the transport of wave energy through geographic and spectral space, augmented with source terms to account for non-conservative and nonlinear processes. This model equation, initially intended for deep water conditions, is derived under the assumption that waves propagating at angles are mutually independent so that the wave field changes its mean properties (e.g. wave height) over many wavelengths. However in nearshore areas, the interaction of waves with variable bathymetry and currents can result in interference zones where crossing wave trains are statistically correlated and wave heights change rapidly.
A COUPLING METHODOLOGY TO MODEL NEAR AND FAR FIELD EFFECTS OF STRUCTURES AND ENERGY DEVICES DUE TO WAVE INTERACTION
Authors: Stratigaki Vasiliki , Troch Peter , Forehand David
Published: February 2019

This study focuses on the numerical modeling of wave fields around structures due to their interaction with waves, with the intention to simulate both the resulting near and far field effects. Examples from the wave energy world are employed such as Wave Energy Converters (WECs), fixed or oscillating devices usually arranged in farms, that interact with the incoming waves and extract wave energy from them. As a result of the hydrodynamic interaction between the devices within a farm (so-called near-field effects), the power absorption of the farm is affected. Moreover, wave dissipation has been observed numerically (e.g. Troch et al., 2010) and in scale tests (e.g. Stratigaki et al., 2014; 2015) between the WEC farm location and e.g. the shoreline (so called far-field effects). These wave field changes can affect neighboring sea activities, coastal eco-systems, the coastline and even coastal defense conditions/parameters.
NUMERICAL MODELING OF SHORT AND LONG TERM WAVES AND SURGES BY HURRICANE IRMA AND MARIA IN US VIRGIN ISLANDS
Authors: Mori Nobuhito , Shimozono Takenori , Arikawa Taro , Inazu Daisuke , Shimura Tomoya , Kennedy Andrew , Cox Daniel
Published: February 2019

Two powerful hurricanes successively passed close to US Virgin Islands in September 2017. Hurricane Irma developed into CAT5 with the lowest pressure around 914 hPa on 5th of September and passed north of USVI. Sequentially, CAT5 Hurricane Maria followed the similar track, but passed south of USVI. Two CAT5 hurricanes gave devastated damage along the Caribbean Islands. It is a rare event having two CAT5 with similar tracks within two weeks. This study presents hindcasts of waves and storm surge for the two hurricanes and discusses coastal damages with our survey data targeting on USVI.
HURRICANES IRMA/MARIA IN THE USVI: JOINT JSCE-NSF FIELD RECONNAISSANCE AND THE USE OF UAVS FOR GEOSPATIAL DISASTER DATA
Authors: Cox Dan , Barbosa Andre , Guannel Greg , Kennedy Andrew , Simpson Chase , Slocum Richie , Mori Nobuhito , Arikawa Taro , Inazu Daisuke , Shimura Tomoya , Shimozono Takenori , Kijewski-Correa Tracy , Parrish Chris
Published: February 2019

Post-disaster, rapid response research reconnaissance is one of the most powerful means to understand the effects of natural hazards on the nation's built environment. The structural engineering community's ability to advance windstorm design and construction methodologies is greatly informed by systematically documenting the performance of residential homes, buildings, and other civil infrastructure under actual hazard conditions. The 2017 hurricane season has been an especially unprecedented venue for such investigations. The season included Hurricane Irma, the most powerful Atlantic Hurricane on record, sustaining 185-mph winds and Category 5 status longer than any prior storm. Irma left a path of considerable destruction across the Caribbean. The U.S. Virgin Islands and Puerto Rico were exposed to Irma's full Category 5 strength, claiming three lives and compromising basic infrastructure in Puerto Rico, while delivering staggering damage to the U.S. Virgin Islands.
HURRICANE HARVEY COASTAL EFFECTS IN TEXAS
Authors: Kennedy Andrew , Kijewski-Correa Tracy , Taflanidis Alexandros
Published: February 2019

Hurricane Harvey made landfall in Texas on August 26, 2017, causing severe wind, wave, and surge damage to homes and businesses. Several weeks after landfall, National Science Foundation-funded teams of researchers performed reconnaissance related to winds and water levels, erosion, and damage caused by the storm. This paper will describe these efforts, the effects of Harveyâ€™s winds, waves, and surge, and will present preliminary conclusions.
LESSONS LEARNED FROM RAPID DEPLOYMENT OF WAVE GAGES AND CAMERAS DURING HURRICANE IRMA
Authors: Jafari Navid H. , Chen Qin J. , Johnson Cody , Cadigan Jack , Harris Brian
Published: February 2019

Hurricane Irma was a category 5 hurricane on the Saffir-Simpson hurricane wind scale. Irma developed from a tropical wave around the Cape Verde Islands. The National Hurricane Center started monitoring it on August 26, and it was classified as a tropical storm named Irma on August 30. Moving across the Atlantic Ocean, Irma increased in strength. On September 5, Irma was classified as a category 5 hurricane with wind speeds up to 175 mph (280 km/h). Irma made landfall in the U.S. on Cudjoe Key (near Big Pine and Summerland Keys) in the morning of September 10, still being a category 4 hurricane, and made a second landfall on Marco Island, south of Naples, on the same day as a category 3 hurricane. This paper describes the lessons learned by the authors when deploying wave gages and cameras to observe the wave run-up.
A UNIFIED ANALYTICAL SOLUTION FOR WAVE SCATTERING BY RECTANGULAR-SHAPED OBJECTS
Authors: Hu Jie , Liu Philip Li-Fan
Published: February 2019

This paper presents a general solution for wave scattering by stationary objects, which consist of a submerged rectangular plate and a floating rectangular dock. The objects can be either permeable or solid. The general solution is capable to cover all the existing single rectangular objects, such as a surface-piercing breakwater, a bottom-mounted submerge breakwater and a submerged plate. Furthermore, this general solution can also yield new analytical solutions for different combinations of objects, i.e. a single floating breakwater, and a combination of a floating and a bottom-mounted breakwater. Based on the general theory, a MATLAB computer program has been developed. It can be used to further explore different breakwater configurations with different properties.
VALIDATION OF A BUOYANCY-MODIFIED TURBULENCE MODEL BY NUMERICAL SIMULATIONS OF BREAKING WAVES OVER A FIXED BAR
Authors: Devolder Brecht , Troch Peter , Rauwoens Pieter
Published: February 2019

The surf zone dynamics are governed by important processes such as turbulence generation , nearshore sediment transport , wave run-up and wave overtopping at a coastal structure. During field observations , it is very challenging to measure and quantify wave breaking turbulence . Complementary to experimental laboratory studies in a more controlled environment , numerical simulations are highly suitable to understand and quantify surf zone processes more accurately.

In this study, wave propagation and wave breaking over a fixed barred beach profile is investigated using a twoÂ­ phase Navier-Stokes flow solver. We show that accurate predictions of the turbulent two-phase flow field require special attention regarding turbulence modelling. The numerical wave flume is implemented in the openÂ­ source OpenFOAM library. The computed results (surface elevations , velocity profiles and turbulence levels) are compared against experimental measurements in a wave flume (van der A et al., 2017) .
SPATIAL AND TEMPORAL CLUSTERING ANALYSIS OF EXTREME WAVE EVENTS AROUND THE UK COASTLINE
Authors: Santos Victor Malagon , Haigh Ivan D. , Wahl Thomas
Published: February 2019

In northern Europe and the UK in particular, a remarkable series of storms occurred over the winter of 2013/14, with large waves which led to considerable damage to coastal infrastructure. The most significant features of this storm season were the length of coastline affected by flooding (i.e., â€˜spatial footprintsâ€™) and the short inter-arrival times between extreme events (i.e., â€˜temporal clusteringâ€™) (Haigh et al., 2016). These extreme wave event characteristics had a large contribution to the devastating consequences along the coast, yet little attention has been paid to them in previous studies. The main aim of this study is to assess the spatial footprints and the temporal clustering of extreme wave events around the UK to facilitate the inclusion of such information into coastal management.
STORM SURGE SIMULATIONS INCLUDING WAVE-CURRENT INTERACTIONS BASED ON THE 3D NEARSHORE CURRENT MODEL
Authors: Chun Hwusub , Ahn Kyungmo , Cieslikiewicz Witold
Published: February 2019

This paper presents the numerical simulation of storm surges including wave-current interactions based on the 3D nearshore current model. Newly developed numerical model included new terms on surface stress and wave-induced Reynolds stress. The present nearshore current model calculates nearshore current field under storm surge, the wave forcing terms should be provided by the additional computation on the waves and surface roller. For the wave-current interactions, the present model is dynamically coupled with wind wave model which is modified WAM applicable to shallow water. We conducted storm surge simulations in Youngil-bay located in the east coast of the Republic of Korea. One of the purpose of this simulation is to estimate the influence of large breakwater constructed in the north side of bay entrance on the erosion of beaches located inside bay area during the storm.
OPTIMUM FREQUENCY DISCRETIZATION AND ITS IMPLICATIONS ON EXTREME INFRA-GRAVITY WAVE RUNUP
Authors: Montoya Luis , Lynett Patrick
Published: February 2019

Throughout history â€œsneakerâ€ waves or â€œkingâ€ waves (in Australia), also referred in this study as extreme infragravity (EIG) waves, have been responsible for killing several people throughout the world. Particularly on the coast of Oregon, more than 21 people have died since the year 1990 due to this phenomenon (http://www.oregonlive.com). People that are usually walking by the beach on a â€œniceâ€ day are suddenly surprised and washed away by what appears to be a â€œtsunami-likeâ€ wave which in reality is an EIG wave.
Ultrafast Field‐Emission Electron Sources Based on Nanomaterials
Authors: Zhou Shenghan , Chen Ke , Cole Matthew Thomas , Li Zhenjun , Chen Jun , Li Chi , Dai Qing
Published: February 2019

The search for electron sources with simultaneous optimal spatial and temporal resolution has become an area of intense activity for a wide variety of applications in the emerging fields of lightwave electronics and attosecond science. Most recently, increasing efforts are focused on the investigation of ultrafast field‐emission phenomena of nanomaterials, which not only are fascinating from a fundamental scientific point of view, but also are of interest for a range of potential applications. Here, the current state‐of‐the‐art in ultrafast field‐emission, particularly sub‐optical‐cycle field emission, based on various nanostructures (e.g., metallic nanotips, carbon nanotubes) is reviewed. A number of promising nanomaterials and possible future research directions are also established.
Substituent Effect in the Synthesis of α,α‐Dibromoketones, 1,2‐Dibromalkenes, and 1,2‐Diketones from the Reaction of Alkynes and Dibromoisocyanuric Acid
Authors: Cho Eunjeong , Jayaraman Aravindan , Lee Junseong , Ko Kyoung Chul , Lee Sunwoo
Published: February 2019

Internal alkynes reacted with dibromoisocyanuric acid/H2O to afford α,α‐dibromoketone and 1,2‐diketone derivatives. Diarylalkynes with activating groups provided 1,2‐diketone derivatives as the major products, whereas diarylalkynes with a non‐activating group or alkylarylalkynes gave α,α‐dibromoketone derivatives as the major products. In addition, diarylalkynes with deactivating groups provided 1,2‐dibromoalkenes. The reaction was conducted at room temperature and showed good yields in most cases. Reaction pathways have been proposed on the basis of experimental observations and density functional theory (DFT) calculations.

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Nonvolatile Electric‐Field Control of Ferromagnetic Resonance and Spin Pumping in Pt/YIG at Room Temperature
Authors: Yu Rui , He Kang , Liu Qi , Gan Xucheng , Miao Bingfeng , Sun Liang , Du Jun , Cai Hongling , Wu Xiaoshan , Wu Mingzhong , Ding Haifeng
Published: February 2019

Electric‐field‐controlled magnetism is of importance in realizing energy efficient, dense and fast information storage and processing. Strain‐mediated converse magneto‐electric (ME) coupling between ferromagnetic and ferroelectric heterostructure shows promise for realizing electric‐controlled magnetism at room temperature and is attracting a number of recent investigations. However, such ME‐effect studies have mainly focus on magnetic metals. In this work, high quality yttrium iron garnet (Y3Fe5O12 (YIG)) films are deposited directly onto (100)‐oriented single‐crystal Pb (Mg1/3Nb2/3)0.7Ti0.3O3 (PMN‐PT) substrates by means of magnetron sputtering. The electric‐field‐induced polarization switching and lattice strain in the PMN‐PT substrate results in two distinct magnetization states in the YIG film that are nonvolatile and electrically reversible. Because of the direct contact between the YIG and the PMN‐PT substrate, an efficient ME coupling and an almost 90° rotation of the easy axis of the YIG film can be realized. Furthermore, the electric‐field‐controlled hysteresis loop‐like ferromagnetic resonance field shifts and spin pumping signals are observed in Pt/YIG/PMN‐PT heterostructures. Thus, the obstacle is overcome via growing high‐quality YIG thin films directly onto PMN‐PT substrates and an efficient manipulation of magnetism and pure spin current transport by electric field is thereby realized. These findings are instructive for future low‐power magnetic insulator‐based spintronic devices.
Effects of glycol on adsorption dynamics of idealized water droplets on LTA‐3A zeolite surfaces
Authors: Olsen Richard , Kvamme Bjørn
Published: February 2019

During production of natural gas, glycol may follow the gas stream due to hydrate prevention or glycol dehumidification. Further dehumidification can be achieved by Linde Type A‐3A zeolite. Local glycol concentrations can form through adsorption to surrounding clay material or zeolite, thus blocking zeolite windows or contaminating condensed water droplets close to the surface. Idealized nanoscale water droplets and their adsorption dynamics onto zeolite structures were simulated, with and without glycol contamination. Blockage of the zeolite windows was also investigated. Water from contaminated droplets adsorbed slower than uncontaminated droplets due to hindrance caused by glycols adsorbed to the zeolite surfaces, thus decreasing initial water loading rates. The adsorption free energy barrier of water was higher for D4R‐terminated zeolite than for alpha cavity‐terminated zeolite. Adsorbed glycols blocked zeolite cavities. However, temperature increase resulted in partial desorption of the glycols, while water desorbed at a lower temperature than for glycol.
Synthesis, characterization, cyclic voltammetry and biological studies of Zn (II), Cd (II), Hg (II) and UO22+ complexes of thiosemicarbazone salt
Authors: Fetoh Ahmed , Mohammed Mahdi A. , Youssef Magdy M. , Abu El‐Reash Gaber M.
Published: February 2019

Zn (II), Cd (II), Hg (II) and U (VI)O22+ complexes of water‐soluble thiosemicarbazone ligand (NaH3PyTSC) have been prepared and characterized using various techniques. Fourier transform‐infrared (FT‐IR) demonstrated that NaH3PyTSC ligand behaves as a binegative NOS tridentate in [Hg(H2PyTSC)(H2O)]2 and [UO2(H2PyTSC)(H2O)]2 complexes via the deprotonated SH, (C=N)az groups from one molecule and SO3− group from another molecule, while it behaves as a binegative NNSO tetradentate in [Cd(H2PyTSC)(H2O)2]2 complex through the deprotonated SH group, the SO3− group and the nitrogen of both the (C=N)az and (C=N)py. Finally, it behaves as a binegative OO bidentate in [Zn(H2PyTSC)(H2O)2]2·2H2O complex by the deprotonated OH group from one molecule and SO3− group from another ligand molecule. The spectral data suggest a tetrahedral coordination around Hg (II) and Zn (II) ions, and an octahedral coordination around Cd (II) and U (VI)O22+ ions. The NaH3PyTSC ligand exhibited maximum luminescent intensity at 501 nm, while Zn (II), Cd (II) and Hg (II) chelates show emission bands at 459, 458 and 358 nm, respectively. Two comparable methods were used to estimate various thermodynamic parameters. Cyclic voltammetry has been studied for Cd (II) complex in solution. Different biological applications of the isolated complexes have been estimated. It was found that [Cd(H2PyTSC)(H2O)2]2 showed the most effective antioxidant and anticancer activity.
A practical innovative method for highly selective oxidation of alkenes and alkanes using Fe (III) and Mn (III) porphyrins supported onto multi‐wall carbon nanotubes as reusable heterogeneous catalysts
Authors: Rayati Saeed , Nafarieh Parinaz
Published: February 2019

Functionalized multi‐walled carbon nanotubes were used for covalent immobilization of meso‐tetrakis(4‐carboxyphenyl) porphyrinatoiron (III) chloride [Fe (TCPP)Cl] and meso‐tetrakis(4‐carboxyphenyl) porphyrinatomanganese (III) acetate [Mn (TCPP)OAc]. The full characterization of the hybrid porphyrinic nanomaterials, by Fourier transform‐infrared and UV–Vis spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, thermogravimetry and flame atomic absorption spectrometry is described. The oxidation of alkenes and alkanes with molecular oxygen as green oxidant in the presence of Mn‐ and Fe‐catalysts has been studied in a comparative manner. The Fe‐catalyst was shown to have higher catalytic activity compared with the Mn‐catalyst. In addition, both separable solid catalysts can be recovered and reused at least 10 times along with good yields.
Synthesis of chromene derivatives in the presence of mordenite zeolite/MIL‐101 (Cr) metal–organic framework composite as catalyst
Authors: Fallah Mohsen , Sohrabnezhad Shabnam , Abedini Masoumeh
Published: February 2019

In the present study, the synthesis of mordenite zeolite/MIL‐101(Cr) metal–organic framework (MOF) composite [MOR/MIL‐101(Cr)] using the ship in a bottle method was suggested. The properties of prepared composite and individual MOF and MOR zeolite were characterized by X‐ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), nitrogen adsorption–desorption measurement, and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The XRD results indicated diffraction peaks for each compound (MOR and MOF) in composite. The SEM and TEM images showed the formation of plates MOR (with size of 2.5 × 3 μm) along with spherical particles MIL‐101. The Brunauer–Emmett–Teller results showed that the surface area of the composite was smaller than individual MOF and MOR zeolite. Based on TGA plots, the hybrid zeolite/MOF composite was more thermally stable compared with the isolated MIL‐101(Cr). The composite was functionalized by post‐synthetic modification to obtain acid–base bifunctionality (H‐MOR/MIL‐101‐ED) for the synthesis of chromene derivatives. The acidity from framework Al‐O(H)‐Si sites in MOR and basicity from amine groups in MIL‐101 were obtained by post‐synthetic modification.
Polymer bilayers with enhanced dielectric permittivity and low dielectric losses by Maxwell–Wagner–Sillars interfacial polarization: Characteristic frequencies and scaling laws
Authors: Samet M. , Kallel A. , Serghei A.
Published: February 2019

An efficient approach to obtain polymeric materials with high permittivity values and low dielectric losses is presented in the current study. For this purpose, dielectric measurements by means of broadband dielectric spectroscopy, numerical simulations, and analytical calculations have been carried out for bilayer structures consisting in an insulating and a conductive polymer layer. Polyethyleneterephtalate and polytetrafluoroethylene have been used as insulating layers while, as conductive materials, blends of polyvinyl acetate with an ionic liquid, 1‐butyl‐3‐methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate. The dielectric properties of the samples have been investigated in a broad frequency (from 10−1 to 107 Hz) and temperature range in order to determine, through the analysis of the scaling laws governing the interfacial polarization effects, the characteristic frequency ranges and the amplitude of the enhanced permittivity. An excellent agreement is found between the experimental results, the numerical simulations, and the analytical calculations. Finally, we show that bilayer polymeric materials with permittivity values as high as ε′ = 556 and with low dielectric losses (tan(δ) = 0.001) can be readily obtained by the current approach. This could have multiple applications, especially in the field of organic electronics. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 47551.
Development of a gelatin‐g‐poly(acrylic acid‐co‐acrylamide)–montmorillonite superabsorbent hydrogels forin vitrocontrolled release of vitamin B12
Authors: Nath Jayashree , Chowdhury Anupam , Ali Ilias , Dolui Swapan Kumar
Published: February 2019

Gelatin (Ge)‐g‐poly(acrylic acid‐co‐acrylamide) and montmorillonite (MMT)‐clay‐based nanocomposite hydrogels were fabricated to study the controlled release of vitamin B12. Polymeric hydrogels were characterized with Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, X‐ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). FTIR spectroscopy confirmed the grafting of partially neutralized acrylic acid on a Ge backbone. The incorporation of MMT fillers inside the nanocomposite hydrogels and their increased crystallinity were established by XRD analysis. The rough surface morphologies of the composite hydrogels shown by SEM resulted from the assimilation of MMT inside the same. TEM confirmed the formation of nanosized composites. The average length and width of the MMT platelets were found to be 184.37 and 20.48 nm, respectively. The maximum swelling of the hydrogel was 375 g/g, and the results were established with Design‐Expert software. The biodegradability of the nanocomposite increased in comparison to that of the copolymer hydrogel. Biocompatibility and cytotoxicity studies were also performed. During different time intervals, the controlled release of vitamin B12in artificial gastric fluid (AGF) and artificial intestinal fluid (AIF) was evaluated with a UV–visible spectrophotometer; this resulted in different controlled release curves. The release in AGF was 42%, and in AIF, the cumulative release was 80% over 6 h. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci.2019,136, 47596.
Carbon‐Free Cathode Materials for Li−O2 Batteries
Authors: Cao Deqing , Zhang Shuaishuai , Yu Fengjiao , Wu Yuping , Chen Yuhui
Published: February 2019

Rechargeable lithium‐oxygen batteries, especially the nonaqueous lithium‐oxygen batteries have attracted much attention in recent years due to their high energy densities. However, few critical challenges remain to be overcome, including the low round‐trip efficiency, high charge overpotential, poor cycling performance, decomposition of electrolyte, and instability of the carbon‐based electrode. Among these, the instability of the carbon‐based electrode is one of the major problems that hindered the practical application of the Li−O2 batteries. Much work has been done to solve this problem and there are two widely‐applied strategies: modification of carbon and designing a “carbon‐free” cathode. In this review, we will introduce recent achievements of both strategies.
Determination of oxytetracycline hydrochloride in milk and egg white samples using Ru(bipy)32+–Ce(SO4)2 chemiluminescence
Authors: Xing‐yu Long , Jiang‐ning Gong , Mao Deng , Di Wu , Zhuo Chen , Pin‐hua Xia , Xiao‐jian Gong , Qin Deng , Zhi‐hui Shi , Xue‐mei Yan , Ru‐qing Tian , Cai‐yun Jiang
Published: February 2019

A novel, rapid and sensitive chemiluminescence (CL) method for the determination of oxytetracycline hydrochloride (OTCH) is described in this paper. The presented method was based on the fact that OTCH could immensely enhance the CL of the reaction of cerium sulfate and tris(2,2‐bipyridyl) ruthenium (II) in acidic medium. Under optimal experimental conditions, CL intensity was favorably linear for OTCH in the range 5.0 × 10−7 to 5.0 × 10−5 g/ml, with a detection limit of 1.5 × 10−7 g/ml (S/N = 3). The relative standard detection was 4.76% for 5.0 × 10−6 g/ml (n = 11). This method was successfully applied to the analysis of OTCH in milk and egg white samples. According to the results of the kinetic curves for OTCH in the Ru(bipy)32+–Ce(SO4)2 CL system, together with CL and ultraviolet (UV)–visible spectra, the possible mechanism of the CL reaction is discussed briefly.
Undergraduate lab series using the K562 human leukemia cell line: Model for cell growth, death, and differentiation in an advanced cell biology course
Authors: Phelan Shelley A. , Szabo Elizabeth
Published: February 2019

This sequence of labs was developed for an upper level undergraduate cell biology course at Fairfield University. The labs are based on the use of the K562 human erythroleukemia cell line, a model system that is exceptionally amenable to an undergraduate cell biology lab course due to its ease of maintenance and propagation and usefulness for studies of growth, death, and differentiation. The sequence of labs is conducted over a 6‐week period, following a series of weekly cell biology labs covering basic cell and molecular biology techniques. Together, the lab series has four primary objectives 1) to teach students how to culture and maintain mammalian cells; 2) to build student competency in standard cell biology techniques; 3) to demonstrate the role of growth factors on cell proliferation and viability; and 4) to provide students with an opportunity to use these cells in an independent investigation on cell differentiation. We provide examples of student data and offer a range of experimental measurements depending on institutional capacity and facilities. Our assessment data suggest that students find great value in this lab series, enhancing their comprehension of key concepts, acquisition of important lab skills, and depth of understanding of the research process. © 2019 International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 47(3):263–271, 2019.
A novel, rapid and sensitive UPLC–MS/MS method for the determination of macitentan in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension
Authors: Albayrak Mevlut , Atıla Alptug , Yılmazel Ucar Elif , Araz Omer , Kadıoglu Yucel
Published: February 2019

Macitentan is an endothelin receptor antagonist commonly used in the treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). A novel, rapid, simple and sensitive UPLC–MS/MS method was developed and validated for pharmacokinetic study and the determination of macitentan in PAH patients. Macitentan and bosentan, which are used as internal standards, were detected using atmospheric pressure chemical ionization in positive ion and multiple reaction monitoring mode by monitoring the mass transitions m/z 589.1 → 203.3 and 552.6 → 311.5, respectively. Chromatographic separation was performed on a reverse‐phase C18 column (5 μm, 4.6 × 150 mm) with an isocratic mobile phase, which consisted of water containing 0.2% acetic acid–acetonitrile (90:10, v/v) at a flow rate of 1 mL/min. Retention times were 1.97 and 1.72 min for macitentan and IS, respectively. The calibration curve with high correlation coefficient (0.9996) was linear in the range 1–500 ng/mL. The lower limit of quantitation and average recovery values were determined as 1 ng/mL and 89.8%, respectively. This method is the first UPLC–MS/MS method developed and validated for the determination of macitentan from human plasma. The developed analytical method was fully validated for linearity, selectivity, specificity, accuracy, precision, sensitivity, stability, matrix effect and recovery according to US Food and Drug Administration guidelines. The developed method was applied successfully for pharmacokinetic study and the determination of macitentan in PAH patients.
Association between J‐CTO score and long‐term target lesion revascularization rate after successful chronic total coronary occlusion angioplasty (from the J‐CTO Registry)
Authors: Abe Mitsuru , Morimoto Takeshi , Morino Yoshihiro , Tanaka Hiroyuki , Akao Masaharu , Hayashi Yasuhiko , Muramatsu Toshiya , Ochiai Masahiko , Noguchi Yuichi , Yumoto Kazuhiko , Shibata Yoshisato , Hiasa Yoshikazu , Doi Osamu , Yamashita Takehiro , Hinohara Tomoaki , Kadota Kazushige , Kimura Takeshi ,   For the J‐CTO Registry Investigators
Published: February 2019

Objectives

The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of the J‐CTO score on long‐term target lesion revascularization (TLR) after successful native chronic total occlusion (CTO)‐percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).

Background

We previously reported that the J‐CTO score could be used to stratify the lesion complexity and procedural success rate in CTO lesions.

Methods

We evaluated the prognostic significance of a high J‐CTO score for long‐term TLR rate in the J‐CTO Registry.

Results

In the 425 lesions of 408 patients who underwent successful CTO‐PCI during a median follow‐up of 63.0 (interquartile range: 21.2–72.9) months in the J‐CTO Registry, the cumulative incidence of TLR of lesions with a J‐CTO score ≥ 2 (n = 216) was significantly higher than in those with a J‐CTO score ≤ 1 (n = 209) (27.0 versus 19.4% at 5 years, respectively, P = 0.04). Among 323 lesions of 309 patients with a complete 5‐year follow‐up, the rate of TLR was 28% (n = 91). A J‐CTO score ≥ 2 was independently associated with a higher risk of TLR (odds ratio, 1.73; 95% confidence interval, 1.01–2.99, P = 0.048) even after adjustment for clinically relevant baseline factors.

Conclusions

Patients with high J‐CTO score lesions had a higher 5‐year risk of TLR.
Feasibility and safety of jailed‐pressure wire technique using durable optical fiber pressure wire for intervention of coronary bifurcation lesions
Authors: Omori Hiroyuki , Kawase Yoshiaki , Hara Masahiko , Tanigaki Toru , Okamoto Shuuichi , Hirata Tetsuo , Kikuchi Jun , Ota Hideaki , Sobue Yoshihiro , Miyake Taiji , Kawamura Itta , Okubo Munenori , Kamiya Hiroki , Tsuchiya Kunihiko , Suzuki Takahiko , Pijls Nico H.J. , Matsuo Hitoshi
Published: February 2019

Objectives

The objective was to evaluate the safety, feasibility, and accuracy of the jailed‐pressure wire technique using a durable optical fiber‐based pressure wire with high‐pressure dilatation using a non‐compliant balloon after main vessel stenting.

Background

Fractional flow reserve (FFR) information can help interventionists determine whether they should treat a jailed‐side branch (SB). However, re‐crossing a pressure wire into a jailed‐SB is sometimes technically difficult.

Methods

Fifty‐one consecutive lesions from 48 patients who underwent the jailed‐pressure wire technique were retrospectively investigated. The primary endpoint was complication rate and secondary endpoints included success rate of FFR measurement, incidence of wire disruption, and final drift rate. The usability of FFR for percutaneous coronary intervention of coronary bifurcation lesion was also evaluated.

Results

Median age of the patients was 69 years and 80.4% were men. The most frequent underlying disease was stable angina (70.6%) and 68.6% were type B2 lesions. Our main findings were: the procedure was performed successfully in all cases without any complications or wire disruption, FFR could be measured without significant final drift in 95.9% of cases, and FFR measurements helped interventionists determine whether to perform a final kissing balloon dilatation in 49.0% cases.

Conclusions

The jailed‐pressure wire technique using a durable optical fiber‐based pressure wire with high‐pressure post‐dilatation maneuver was safe, feasible, and accurate.
Culture‐negative group B streptococcal pericarditis: A case report and literature review of the diagnostic use of polymerase chain reaction
Authors: Tsushima Takahiro , Ishii Natsuko , Matsuzaka Suguru , Armitage Keith , Ohkusu Kiyofumi , Cammack Ivor , Yamada Akira , Mori Yuichiro , Sasaki Shunsuke , Hayashi Kentaro , Serizawa Yoshimoto
Published: February 2019

Key Clinical Message

Although conventional microbiology cultures may be negative, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) can effectively identify both typical and atypical microorganisms. With careful interpretation, PCR could become the gold‐standard diagnostic test for culture‐negative bacterial pericarditis.
Myocardial infarction with simultaneous anterior and inferior ST‐segment elevation
Authors: Kristensen Anna Meta Dyrvig , Amin Sanaz , Byrne Christina , Pareek Manan
Published: February 2019

Key Clinical Message

Infarction of the anterior myocardial wall results in anterior ST‐elevation. However, ST‐deviation may also appear inferiorly and may aid in localizing the culprit lesion.