bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Response of the carbon cycle to the different orbital configurations of the last 9 interglacials
Authors: Bouttes Nathaelle , Swingedouw Didier , Roche Didier , Sanchez-Goni Maria , Crosta Xavier
Published: November 2016

Abstract. Atmospheric CO2 levels during interglacials prior to the Mid Bruhnes Event (MBE, ~ 430 ka BP) have lower values of around 40 ppm than after the MBE. The reasons for this difference remain unclear. A recent hypothesis proposed that changes in oceanic circulation, in response to differences in external forcing before and after the MBE, might have increased the ocean carbon storage and thus explained the lower CO2. Nevertheless, no quantitative estimate of this hypothesis has been produced up to now. Here we use an intermediate complexity model including the carbon cycle to evaluate the response of the carbon reservoirs in the atmosphere, ocean and land in response to the changes of orbital forcings and atmospheric CO2 concentrations over the nine last interglacials. We show that the ocean takes up more carbon during pre-MBE interglacials in agreement with data, but the impact on atmospheric CO2 is limited to a few ppm. Terrestrial biosphere is simulated to be less developed in pre-MBE interglacials, which reduces the storage of carbon on land and increases atmospheric CO2. Accounting for different simulated ice sheet extents modifies the vegetation cover and temperature, and thus the carbon reservoir distribution. Overall, atmospheric CO2 is slightly smaller in these pre-MBE simulated interglacials including ice sheet variations, but the magnitude is still far too small. These results suggest a possible mis-representation of some key processes in the model, such as the magnitude of ocean circulation changes, or the lack of crucial mechanisms or internal feedbacks, such as those related to permafrost, that could explain the lower atmospheric CO2 concentrations during pre-MBE interglacials.
Assessment of structural sediment connectivity within catchments: insights from graph theory
Authors: Cossart Étienne , Fressard Mathieu
Published: November 2016

Abstract. To understand the sedimentary signal delivered at catchment outlets, many authors now refer to the concept of connectivity. In this framework, the sedimentary signal is seen as an emergent organization of local filiations and interactions. The challenge is then to open black boxes that remain within a sediment cascade, that requires both accurate geomorphic investigations in the field (reconstruction of sequences of geomorphic evolution, description of sediment pathways) but also the development of tools dedicated to sediment cascades modelling. More precisely the development of tools dedicated to the study of connectivity in geomorphology is still in progress, even if the graph theory offers promising perspectives (Heckmann and Schwanghart, 2013). In this paper, graph theory is applied to abstract the network structure of sediment cascades, keeping only nodes (sediment sources, sediment stores, outlet) and links (linkage by a transportation agent), represented as vertices and edges. From the description of the assemblages of sedimentary flows, we provide three main indices to explore how small-scale processes may result in significant broad-scale geomorphic patterns. First, we assess the potential contribution of each node to the sediment delivery at the outlet. Second, we measure the influence of each node regarding how this node is accessible from both sediment sources and outlet. Third, we calculate a connectivity index to reveal whether the potential contribution of a node is lower or higher than expected from its location within the network. These indices are calculated in the case of a virtual sediment cascade, but are also applied to a catchment located in southern french alps. We demonstrate that these indices are robust, and may lead to simulations. In the present case, we try to predict how a sediment cascade may be impacted by a node disruption or by a reconnection.
Description and evaluation of REFIST v1.0: a regional greenhouse gas flux inversion system in Canada
Authors: Chan Elton , Chan Douglas , Ishizawa Misa , Vogel Felix , Brioude Jerome , Delcloo Andy , Wu Yuehua , Jin Baisuo
Published: November 2016

Abstract. A regional greenhouse gas flux inversion system (REFIST v1.0) is described. This paper provides a comprehensive evaluation of REFIST for three provinces in Canada that include Alberta (AB), Saskatchewan (SK) and Ontario (ON). Using year 2009 fossil fuel CO2 CarbonTracker model results as the target, the synthetic data experiment analyses examined the impacts of the errors from the Bayesian optimisation method, inversion time span, prior flux distribution, region definition and the atmospheric transport model, as well as their interactions. The posterior fluxes were estimated by two different optimisation methods, the Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) simulation and cost function minimization (CFM) methods. Increasing the number of sub-regions (unknowns) beyond "optimality" can produce unstable and unrealistic fluxes for some sub-regions, and does not yield significantly different flux estimates overall. The two optimisation methods can provide comparable, stable and realistic flux results when the transport model error is small (prior R2~0.8 with synthetic observations), but both methods present difficulty when the transport model error is large (prior R2~0.3). Stable and realistic sub-regional and monthly flux estimates for the western region of AB+SK can be obtained, but not for the eastern region of ON without excluding a poorly simulated station. This indicates a real observation-based inversion will likely work for the western region for tracers with similar temporal and spatial emission characteristics to fossil fuel CO2 [e.g. wintertime CH4 in Canada]. However, improvements are needed with the current inversion setup before a real inversion is performed for the eastern region.
The Landlab OverlandFlow component: a Python library for
computing shallow-water flow across watersheds
Authors: Adams Jordan M. , Gasparini Nicole M. , Hobley Daniel E. J. , Tucker Gregory E. , Hutton Eric W. H. , Nudurupati Sai S. , Istanbulluoglu Erkan
Published: November 2016

Abstract. Hydrologic models and modeling components are used in a wide range of applications. Rainfall-runoff models are used to investigate the evolution of hydrologic variables, such as soil moisture and surface water discharge, throughout one or more rainfall events. Longer-term landscape evolution models also include aspects of hydrology, albeit in a highly simplified manner, in order to approximate how flowing water shapes landscapes. Here we illustrate how the OverlandFlow hydrologic component contained within Landlab can be applied as either a short-term rainfall-runoff model or a longer-term landscape evolution model. Landlab is a Python-language library that includes tools and process components that can be used to create models of Earth-surface dynamics over a range of temporal and spatial scales. The Landlab OverlandFlow component is based on a simplified inertial approximation of the shallow water equations, following the solution of de Almeida et al. (2012). This explicit two-dimensional hydrodynamic algorithm propagates a flood wave across a terrain, and water discharge and flow depth are calculated at all locations within a structured (raster) grid. Examples of flow routing on both real and synthetic landscapes are shown. Hydrographs from a single storm at multiple locations in the Spring Creek watershed, Colorado, USA, are illustrated, along with maps of water depth and shear stress applied on the surface by the flowing water. Flow routing on two different synthetic watersheds illustrates how network organization impacts hydrograph shape. The OverlandFlow component is also coupled with the Landlab DetachmentLtdErosion component to illustrate how the nonsteady flow routing regime impacts incision across a watershed. The hydrograph and incision results are compared to simulations driven by steady-state runoff, or discharge equal to the product of drainage area and rainfall rate, which is the norm in landscape evolution modeling. Results from the coupled hydrologic and incision model indicate that runoff dynamics can impact landscape relief and channel concavity. Example code is provided that demonstrates how to use the OverlandFlow component and couple it with other components to create a model.
Accounting for model error in air quality forecasts: an application of 4DEnVar to the assimilation of atmospheric composition using QG-Chem 1.0
Authors: Emili Emanuele , Gürol Selime , Cariolle Daniel
Published: November 2016

Abstract. Model errors play a significant role in air quality forecasts. Accounting for them in the data assimilation (DA) procedures is decisive to obtain improved forecasts. We address this issue using a reduced-order coupled chemistry–meteorology model based on quasi-geostrophic dynamics and a detailed tropospheric chemistry mechanism, which we name QG-Chem. This model has been coupled to the software library for the data assimilation Object Oriented Prediction System (OOPS) and used to assess the potential of the 4DEnVar algorithm for air quality analyses and forecasts. The assets of 4DEnVar include the possibility to deal with multivariate aspects of atmospheric chemistry and to account for model errors of a generic type. A simple diagnostic procedure for detecting model errors is proposed, based on the 4DEnVar analysis and one additional model forecast. A large number of idealized data assimilation experiments are shown for several chemical species of relevance for air quality forecasts (O3, NOx, CO and CO2) with very different atmospheric lifetimes and chemical couplings. Experiments are done both under a perfect model hypothesis and including model error through perturbation of surface chemical emissions. Some key elements of the 4DEnVar algorithm such as the ensemble size and localization are also discussed. A comparison with results of 3D-Var, widely used in operational centers, shows that, for some species, analysis and next-day forecast errors can be halved when model error is taken into account. This result was obtained using a small ensemble size, which remains affordable for most operational centers. We conclude that 4DEnVar has a promising potential for operational air quality models. We finally highlight areas that deserve further research for applying 4DEnVar to large-scale chemistry models, i.e., localization techniques, propagation of analysis covariance between DA cycles and treatment for chemical nonlinearities. QG-Chem can provide a useful tool in this regard.
Reducing soil moisture measurement scale mismatch to improve
surface energy flux estimation
Authors: Iwema Joost , Rosolem Rafael , Rahman Mostaquimur , Blyth Eleanor , Wagener Thorsten
Published: November 2016

Abstract. At the so-called hyper-resolution scale (i.e. grid cells of 1 km2) Land Surface Model (LSM) parameters are sometimes calibrated with Eddy-Covariance (EC) data and Point Scale (PS) soil moisture data. However, measurement scales of EC and PS data differ substantially. In our study, we investigated the impact of reducing the scale mismatch between surface energy flux data and soil moisture data by replacing PS soil moisture data with observations derived from Cosmic-Ray Neutron Sensors (CRNS) made at larger spatial scales. Five soil-evapotranspiration parameters of the Joint UK Land Environment Simulator (JULES) were calibrated against PS and CRNS soil moisture data separately. We calibrated the model for twelve sites in the USA representing a range of climatic, soil, and vegetation conditions. The improvement in surface energy partitioning for the two calibration solutions was assessed by comparing to EC data and to a version of JULES runs with default parameter values. We found that simulated surface energy partitioning did not differ substantially between the PS and CRNS calibrations, despite their differences in actual soil moisture observations. We concluded that potential differences due to distinct spatial scales represented by the PS and CRNS soil moisture sensor techniques were substantially undermined by the weak coupling between soil moisture and evapotranspiration within JULES.
A physics-based probabilistic forecasting model for rainfall-induced shallow landslides at regional scale
Authors: Zhang Shaojie , Zhao Luqiang , Delgado-Tellez Ricardo , Bao Hongjun
Published: November 2016

Abstract. Conventional outputs of physics-based landslide forecasting models are presented as deterministic warnings by calculating the safety factor (Fs) of potentially dangerous slopes. However, these models are highly dependent on variables such as cohesion force and internal friction angle which are affected by high degree of uncertainty especially at a regional scale, which result in unacceptable uncertainties of Fs. Under such circumstances, the outputs of physical models are more suitable if presented in the form of landslide probability values. In order to develop such models, a method to link the uncertainty of soil parameter values with landslide probability is devised. This paper proposes the use of Monte Carlo method to quantitatively express uncertainty by assigning random values to physical variables inside a defined interval. The inequality Fs<1 is tested for each pixel in n simulations which are integrated in a unique parameter. This parameter links the landslide probability to the uncertainties of soil mechanical parameters and is used to create a physics-based probabilistic forecasting model for rainfall-induced shallow landslides. The prediction ability of this model was tested in a case study, in which simulated forecasting of landslide disasters associated to heavy rainfalls on July 9 of 2013 in the Wenchuan earthquake region of Sichuan province, China was performed. The proposed model successfully forecasted landslides in 159 of the 176 disaster points registered by the geo-environmental monitoring station of Sichuan province. Such testing results indicate that the new model can be operated in a high efficient way and show more reliable results attributing to its high prediction accuracy. Accordingly, the new model can be potentially packaged into a forecasting system for shallow landslides providing technological support for the mitigation of these disasters at regional scale.
Dynamics of the Hadley circulation in an axisymmetric model undergoing periodic change in forcing stratification
Authors: Nazario Tartaglione
Published: November 2016

Abstract. The time-dependent response of the Hadley circulation to a periodic forcing is explored by using a simplified nonlinear axisymmetric model. Thermal forcing towards a given equilibrium potential temperature drives the model atmosphere. The vertical stratification of this temperature is forced to become periodically neutral with a period t0. Some simulations were performed with different values of t0, from 10 to 90 days, they exhibit a stronger circulation when comparing with constant thermal forcing experiment. As the period increases, a transition takes place from a stationary regime, obtained when forcing is constant, to a quasi-periodic regime, and to an intermittent regime. The stream-function response to periodic forcing is a quasi-periodic oscillation, with two main frequencies dominating, one with a period equal or close to that of forcing and another with a period that is half of the forcing period. The former is dominant for values of t0 larger than 30 days, whereas the latter is prevalent for t0 smaller than 30 days. The quasi-periodic oscillations obtained in this model might be associated with the quasi-periodic oscillations observed in the tropical regions. In this case the periodic charge and discharge of moisture in the tropical atmosphere may be linked to those oscillations. In the model, with forcing periods over 63 days the response of stream-function periodically enters in a sort of intermittent regime, with chaos appearing with high frequency oscillations, which are modulated by the slow timescale of forcing. The vertical viscosity plays a role in determining even the evolution of the Hadley circulation under the conditions established by the forcing.
Application of a new productivity coupling hydrothermal factors (PCH)
model for evaluating net primary productivity of grassland in Southern
China
Authors: Sun Zheng-Guo , Liu Jie , Tang Hai-Yang
Published: November 2016

Abstract. Grassland ecosystems play important roles in the global carbon cycle. The net primary productivity (NPP) of grassland ecosystems has become the hot spot of terrestrial ecosystems. To simulate grassland NPP in Southern China, a new productivity coupling hydrothermal factors (PCH) model was built and validated based on data recorded from 2003 to 2014. The results show a logarithmic correlation between grassland NPP and mean annual temperature and a linear positive correlation between grassland NPP and mean annual precipitation in Southern China, both highly significant relationships. There was a highly significant correlation between simulated and measured NPP (R2 = 0.8027). Both RMSE and RRMSE were relatively low, showing that the simulation results of the model were reliable. The NPP values in the study area had a decreasing trend from east to west and south to north. Mean NPP was 471.62 g C m−2 from 2003 to 2014. Additionally, the mean annual NPP of Southern grassland presented a rising trend increasing 3.49 g C m−2 yr−2 during the past 12 years. These results document performance and use of a new method to estimate the grassland NPP in Southern China.
Brief Communications: Observations of a Glacier Outburst Flood from Lhotse Glacier, Everest Area, Nepal
Authors: R. Rounce David , Byers Alton C. , Byers Elizabeth A. , McKinney Daene C.
Published: November 2016

Abstract. Glacier outburst floods with origins from Lhotse Glacier, located in the Everest region of Nepal, have occurred during the transitional early monsoon season in each of the last two years. The most recent event was witnessed by the investigators on 12 June 2016. Observations regarding the magnitude of the 2016 outburst flood and a reconstruction of the flood path immediately following the event are presented. These observations highlight the lack of existing knowledge regarding these glacier hazards and provide valuable insight to help spur future investigations.
Engaging with (big) data visualizations: Factors that affect engagement and resulting new definitions of effectiveness
Authors: Kennedy Helen , Hill Rosemary Lucy , Allen William , Kirk Andy
Published: November 2016

As data become increasingly ubiquitous, so too do data visualisations, which are the main means through which non-experts get access to data. Most visualizations circulate and are shared online, and many of them are produced by Internet researchers. For these reasons, data visualization is an important object of study for Internet research. This paper proposes that Internet research should engage critically with data visualization, and it does so by focusing on how people engage with them. Drawing on qualitative, empirical research with users, in this paper we identify six factors that affect engagement, which we define as socio-cultural: subject matter; source/media location; beliefs and opinions; time; emotions; and confidence and skills. We argue that our findings have implications for how effectiveness is defined in relation to data visualizations: such definitions vary depending on how, by whom, where and for what purpose visualizations are encountered. Our research also suggests that research into visualization engagement can benefit from adopting qualitative approaches developed within media audience research.
How does the front page of the Internet behave? Readability, emoticon use, and links on Reddit
Authors: Tsou Andrew
Published: November 2016

Reddit, known as “the front page of the Internet,” has been one of the most widely visited Web sites since its inception in 2005. As a social networking site it is unique in that the personal relationships between its users are considered secondary to its content, which includes both original, user-generated content and links to outside sources. Although previous research has investigated other social networking platforms in depth, relatively little has been written on Reddit. The present research considers a variety of indicators, including text readability, emoticon usage, and domain linkage. It was found that the most popular communities on Reddit behave very differently from each other, in terms of language sophistication, sentiment, and topicality (as measured by top-level links to outside sources). The results can be used to inform future investigations of online discourse spaces, particularly those in the contemporary social media sphere.
The Journey through the Judgment: Affective Viewing and the Monstrous in Bosch's Vienna Last Judgment Triptych
Authors: Kagan-Moore Hannah
Published: November 2016

Hieronymus Bosch's Vienna The Last Judgment is notable not only for his characteristic monsters; it also alters the “choice” narrative typical of Last Judgments. Ordinarily, the action of a Last Judgment triptych moves from the center of the image outward, with Christ in Judgment at the center and Heaven and Hell on either side. Yet the Vienna triptych presents a lopsided focus on the inevitability of Hell—leaving the viewer entangled with the monstrous, lascivious, violent, and immoral. Medieval and early modern Christian European audiences would have interpreted Bosch's The Last Judgment as part of an existing cultural framework that defined humanity and Christian morality against monstrosity as a vehicle for sinful behavior. Using theoretical models that deal with affect, landscape, and medieval meditation strategies, this paper will explore possible visual passages through Bosch's The Last Judgment and the resulting messages the painting provides about sin, salvation, humanity, and monstrosity.
Securing Healthcare Records in the Cloud Using Attribute-Based Encryption
Authors: Elmogazy Huda , Bamasag Omaimah
Published: November 2016

Cloud Computing has attracted interest as an efficient system for storing and access of data. Sharing of personal electronic health record is an arising concept of exchanging health information for research and other purposes. Cconfidentiality except for authorized users, and access auditability are strong security requirements for health record. This study will examine these requirements and propose a framework for healthcare cloud providers that will assist in securely storing and sharing of patient’ data they host. It should also allow only legitimate users to access portion of the records' data they are permitted to. The focus will be on these precise security issues of cloud computing healthcare and how attribute-based encryption can assist in addressing healthcare regulatory requirements. The proposed attribute-based encryption guarantees authentication, data confidentiality, availability, and integrity in a multi-level hierarchical order. This will allow the healthcare provider to easily add/delete any access rule in any order, which is considered beneficial particularly in medical research field.
A Study on Housing Price in Klang Valley, Malaysia
Authors: Mariadas Paul Anthony , Selvanathan Mahiswaran , Hong Tan Kok
Published: November 2016

The main aim of this study is to measure the factors influencing housing price in Klang Valley, Malaysia. This paper examines empirically whether the increasing trend in the Malaysian housing price is associated to changes in the population, construction cost, housing speculation, and inflation rate. The paper is exploratory in nature. The data is collected via questionnaire survey form distributed to youngest respondents in the sample area which is Klang Valley region. Each single elements are calculated its average index respect to few level of influence under respondents opinion. The index will then treated as influencing level of the factors. The paper delivers empirical outcomes that the population, construction cost and housing speculation are the main factors of housing prices. However, fluctuations in housing prices could not necessarily be influenced by the inflation rate. The overall result of this paper strongly recommends that housing price in the Malaysian residential property market is increasing continuously. Therefore, efforts to control the hike in housing price is needed by government and policy controllers in order to maintain the affordable to own a house in Malaysia.
Extent of Staff Professional Ethical on Customers' Commitment in Hotel Industry: An Empirical Study - Three-star Hotels in Jordan
Authors: Al-Juboori Nouria Fleah
Published: November 2016

The aim of this study is to understand the practical situation of work ethics in hospitality industry organizations in Jordan by focusing on professional ethics in relation to employees and managers. It also focuses on how such professional ethics prevail in hospitality industry facilities and affect customers’ commitment‏. The study used primary data by distributing a questionnaire to staff in three-star hotels. The results revealed a positive relationship between the dependent and independent variables from the staffs' point of view by using simple regression. It is also concluded that professional ethical principles can be applied in hospitality facilities, primarily in dealing with customers   and maintaining ethical trust; and that the staff (employees and managers) understands and appreciates the importance of having professional ethics in their organizations, as they lead to customer satisfaction and increases the level of commitment.
A Study of the Perceived Stress Level of University Students in Hong Kong
Authors: KWOK Joey Man Yee , NG Douglas Kei Shing
Published: November 2016

Background. In the school year 2015/2016, a significantly increased suicide rate among students in Hong Kong raised alarm bells to the public. High levels of stress among Hong Kong students was believed to be one of the main causes of these suicide incidents. In order to examine the stress levels of Hong Kong students, we targeted the group of undergraduates and initiated this research study.

Objective. This study aimed to provide more information and objective analysis with regard to the stress levels of undergraduate students in Hong Kong.

Method. There was a total (N = 337) number participants enrolled in this study at the Open University of Hong Kong. Meanwhile, Perceived Stress Scale-10 (PSS-10) was adopted as the measure of perceived stress level of university students. The Perceived Stress Scale-10 is a 10-item scale designed to measure the self-reported perceived stress level. The set of questionnaires also includes The Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) scale which was used for evaluating the convergent validity of PSS-10; The General Self Efficacy (GSE) Scale and the Subjective Happiness Scale (SHS) which were used for evaluating the related divergent validity.

Results. Referring to the findings, the stress level of the participants who were mostly from the age group of 18-29 had an average score of 19.02 which was considered to be higher than the standard score (M = 14.2; SD = 6.2), and thus undergraduate students who belonged to this age group were found to present a potential higher stress level among those participants.

Conclusions. This study simply showed the general stress level of the target population, and such information could provide a meaningful reference for further study of stress levels among Hong Kong students. However, it could not show the other detailed information such as the reasons for causing a high potential stress. Therefore, it suggested that the follow-up study could focus more specifically on a particular type of stress (i.e., academic stress) in investigation.
Dificultades conceptuales y epistemológicas de futuros profesores de Física y Química en las explicaciones energéticas de fenómenos físicos y químicos
Authors: Furió Gómez Cristina , Furió Más Carles
Published: November 2016

En este trabajo analizamos las dificultades conceptuales y epistemológicas que tienen sobre termoquímica estudiantes universitarios de los últimos cursos de Física, Química e Ingeniería Química. Para ello se han aplicado a una muestra de 35 de estos futuros profesores dos cuestionarios sobre efectos térmicos en fenómenos físicos y químicos que han de explicar y se han categorizado sus respuestas según los razonamientos usados. Se ha constatado que la mayoría de los estudiantes no saben delimitar en el nivel macroscópico los sistemas que interaccionan, no utilizan el concepto de energía interna ni la primera ley de la termodinámica en los procesos físicos y químicos. Muy pocos de estos profesores en formación usan razonamientos de tipo submicroscópico para explicar estos efectos en los cambios físicos y químicos y, cuando lo hacen, la mayoría de sus explicaciones son incorrectas.
Hacia la conciencia cuántica a partir del efecto fotoeléctrico
Authors: Escudero Consuelo , Jaime Eduardo Adrián , González Sonia Beatriz
Published: November 2016

En este artículo se indaga acerca de los recursos que emplean los estudiantes cuando tienen que responder a interrogantes cuyo contenido se refiere a fenómenos intangibles desde el punto de vista sensorial que vinculan el mundo a distintas escalas, tal como es el caso de la interacción de la radiación electromagnética con la materia. El estudio se realizó sobre tres situaciones problemáticas de efecto fotoeléctrico, y a partir de su análisis se pudieron diferenciar claramente cinco categorías de respuestas que nos dirigen a reflexionar acerca de la construcción de un concepto esencial de las ciencias naturales, como es el de energía, y su relación con el de interacción radiación-materia, dualidad onda-partícula, cuanto, entre otros. Se evidencia una malla de subjetividades que actúa como soporte de la formación de conceptos hacia cuya objetividad apuntan los esfuerzos del proceso de enseñanza.
Assessment of Drug Sensitivity in Hematopoietic Stem and Progenitor Cells from Acute Myelogenous Leukemia and Myelodysplastic Syndrome Ex Vivo
Authors: Knorr Katherine L.B. , Finn Laura E. , Smith B. Douglas , Hess Allan D. , Foran James M. , Karp Judith E. , Kaufmann Scott H.
Published: November 2016

Current understanding suggests that malignant stem and progenitor cells must be reduced or eliminated for prolonged remissions in myeloid neoplasms such as acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) or myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS). Multicolor flow cytometry has been widely used to distinguish stem and myeloid progenitor cells from other populations in normal and malignant bone marrow. In this study, we present a method for assessing drug sensitivity in MDS and AML patient hematopoietic stem and myeloid progenitor cell populations ex vivo using the investigational Nedd8-activating enzyme inhibitor MLN4924 and standard-of-care agent cytarabine as examples. Utilizing a multicolor flow cytometry antibody panel for identification of hematopoietic stem cells, multipotent progenitors, common myeloid progenitors, granulocyte-monocyte progenitors, and megakaryocyte-erythroid progenitors present in mononuclear cell fractions isolated from bone marrow aspirates, we compare stem and progenitor cell counts after treatment for 24 hours with drug versus diluent. We demonstrate that MLN4924 exerts a cytotoxic effect on MDS and AML stem and progenitor cell populations, whereas cytarabine has more limited effects. Further application of this method for evaluating drug effects on these populations ex vivo and in vivo may inform rational design and selection of therapies in the clinical setting.
Amnion Epithelial Cells Promote Lung Repair via Lipoxin A4
Authors: Tan Jean L. , Tan Yan Z. , Muljadi Ruth , Chan Siow T. , Lau Sin N. , Mockler Joanne C. , Wallace Euan M. , Lim Rebecca
Published: November 2016

Human amnion epithelial cells (hAECs) have been shown to possess potent immunomodulatory properties across a number of disease models. Recently, we reported that hAECs influence macrophage polarization and activity, and that this step was dependent on regulatory T cells. In this study, we aimed to assess the effects of hAEC-derived proresolution lipoxin-A4 (LXA4) on T-cell, macrophage, and neutrophil phenotype and function during the acute phase of bleomycin-induced lung injury. Using C57Bl6 mice, we administered 4 million hAECs intraperitoneally 24 hours after bleomycin challenge. Outcomes were measured at days 3, 5, and 7. hAEC administration resulted in significant changes to T-cell, macrophage, dendritic cell, and monocyte/macrophage infiltration and phenotypes. Endogenous levels of lipoxygenases, LXA4, and the lipoxin receptor FPR2 were elevated in hAEC-treated animals. Furthermore, we showed that the effects of hAECs on macrophage phagocytic activity and T-cell suppression are LXA4 dependent, whereas the inhibition of neutrophil-derived myleoperoxidase by hAECs is independent of LXA4. This study provides the first evidence that lipid-based mediators contribute to the immunomodulatory effects of hAECs and further supports the growing body of evidence that LXA4 is proresolutionary in lung injury. This discovery of LXA4-dependent communication between hAECs, macrophages, T cells, and neutrophils is important to the understanding of hAEC biodynamics and would be expected to inform future clinical applications.
Reinvención del periodismo en el ecosistema digital y narrativas transmedia
Authors: Peñafiel Carmen
Published: November 2016

El periodismo actual explora a nivel internacional nuevas fórmulas en la elaboración de la información a través de narrativas transmedia y de dispositivos móviles, donde la comunicación multimedia e hipertextual se enriquece con contenidos más eficientes. Se trata de fórmulas universales donde la producción informativa busca la participación de la audiencia con sus comentarios o redifusiones a través de las redes sociales, que generan un modelo de consumo televisivo proactivo por parte de una audiencia social. En este artículo se muestra una revisión del periodismo y de la comunicación transmedia, como innovación dentro del ecosistema digital, donde se trabajan textos periodísticos, imágenes, audios, vídeos interactivos, infografías, GIFs, mapas, links… A través de los que se invita a participar a la audiencia de verdaderas obras de arte digitales en reportajes y documentales online visionados en segundas pantallas. La comunicación transmedia gira en torno a historias informativas que se desarrollan en múltiples plataformas. Cada una de ellas contribuye de forma distinta a la comprensión global de la historia como un nuevo relato, seleccionando los canales más adecuados para conseguir un valor añadido en la comunicación. No existen fronteras. La hibridación de lenguajes y la convergencia tecnológica son las claves de una auténtica revolución silenciosa, que apunta hacia un modelo emergente en el periodismo actual.
La militarización del Estado durante la última dictadura militar argentina. Un estudio de los gabinetes del Poder Ejecutivo Nacional entre 1976 y 1983
Authors: Canelo Paula
Published: November 2016

This article analyzes the process of militarization of the state carried out by the last military dictatorship in Argentina, through an empirical study of the profiles of ministers and ministries that formed the National Executive Power cabinets between 1976 and 1983. On the one hand, it reconstructs the educational, professional and social profile of the ministerial elite, and the high degree of specialization among the “civilian ministries” as compared to those occupied by the Armed Forces. On the other hand, it analyzes the determining factors in the process of militarization: the unequal distribution of power among the three Armed Forces, the relative importance of each ministry in the achievement of the objectives, of both the dictatorship in general and of each forcé in particular, and the progressive need to broaden civilian support. Finally, it identifies a distinctive “ministerial hierarchy” orship within said dictatorship, headed by the Ministry of the Interior, of Labor, and of the Economy.
Los comienzos de la terapia ocupacional en Estados Unidos: una perspectiva feminista desde los estudios de Ciencia, Tecnología y Género (siglos XIX y XX)
Authors: Morrison Jara Rodolfo
Published: November 2016

This article corresponds to a historical reconstruction of the beginnings of occupational therapy in the United States, a space where women assumed a leading role during the 20th century. It reviews the processes, interrelations and main strategies, as links to women’s circles and alliances with male doctors, employed to position occupational therapy as an independent discipline of medicine. Furthermore, it explores the life and work of three important women in the profession: Julia Lathrop, Susan Tracy and Susan Cox Johnson. The methodology consisted of the documentary analysis of primary sources from a gender perspective. As a conclusión it points out the relevance of recognizing the position of women in the history of occupational therapy as fundamental pillars its construction.
Adolescentes y drogas: su relación con la delincuencia
Authors: Uceda-Maza Francesc Xavier , Navarro-Pérez José-Javier , Pérez-Cosín José Vicente
Published: November 2016

This study describes the use of drugs among a sample of 286 adolescents who have had problems with the law in the city of Valencia, Spain. The purpose is to analyze the relationship between criminal careers and drug use. The results indicate that the greater the incidence of crime, the greater the dependence. As for consumption patterns according to the type of substance used, cannabis is associated with initial criminal offenses, while cocaine is associated with more consolidated criminal activity. Consumption takes place in habitual daytime scenarios and spreads to nighttime leisure settings, becoming a particularly important part of the consolidated pattern of everyday life among adolescents in conflict with the law.
Las ideas pedagógicas de Juan López de Velasco: alfabetización y maestros en la España de Felipe II
Authors: Gómez Camacho Alejandro
Published: November 2016

This article analyzes the pedagogical ideas of Juan López de Velasco, a chronicler of the Indies, cosmographer, and one of the most important philologists of the 16th Century. In the first place, he initiated the reaction against the phonetic reform of Spanish spelling, using pedagogical arguments that conditioned the orthographic debate of the following century. Furthermore, he proposed legislation regarding essential aspects of primary schools, such as the examination for teachers, consideration of them as public agents, and the regulation of the timetable and number of students. The study demonstrates that López de Velasco was a forerunner of modern thinking on literacy processes and primary-school organization who was several centuries ahead of his time.
- og så fikk dem se en rein! Ulike tilnærminger til hverdagslig pedagogisk virksomhet i barnehager i samisk-lulesamisk område i Norge.
Authors: Fløtten Kristin A.Ø.
Published: November 2016

Det er nødvendig å få mer kunnskap om hva barnehagene og personalet i samisk-lulesamisk område gjør for å håndtere pålegg og intensjoner i styringsdokumentene om samisk innhold i barnehagehverdagen. Forskningsarbeidet som er bakgrunn for denne artikkelen tar utgangspunkt i et sosiokulturelt perspektiv og en institusjonell etnografisk tilnærming. Barnehagens styringsdokumenter og personalets beretninger om tanker og erfaringer med å iverksette og utvikle det pedagogiske innholdet og arbeidet i barnehagens hverdagsliv er sentrale i datamaterialet. Analysene gav mulighet for å peke på kjennetegn for og egenskaper ved faglig innhold og kvalitet i arbeidet med samiske tema. Det fremkommer momenter for videre utvikling og mulige valg for kompetanse og føringer for området samiske språk og kultur i enhver barnehage. Det er åpenbart at det må gjøres en innsats på alle nivå for å ta vare på og utvikle lulesamisk kultur og språk så vel innen- som utenfor forvaltningsområdet.It is necessary to gain more knowledge about what the barnehage and its staff in the Pite- and Lule-Sami region in Norway do to meet the requirements and fulfill the intentions of the curriculum when it comes to Sami content in the everyday life of the barnehage. The research reported on in this article has its departure point in a sociocultural perspective and uses institutional ethnography as one of its approaches. The barnehage curricula and the staffs narratives, thoughts and experiences are central in the data. The analysis gave the possibility to point out some central features and traits of the content and quality of the work on Sami topics. Areas for further development and possible choices concerning competence and guidelines for the area of Sami language and culture in all barnehager were found. It is obvious that stronger efforts are needed on all levels to sustain and to develop the Lule-Sami culture and language both within the Sami language municipalities and other municipalities.
Community assembly and functional leaf traits mediate precipitation use efficiency of alpine grasslands along environmental gradients on the Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Li Shaowei , Wu Jianshuang
Published: November 2016

The alpine grasslands on the Tibetan Plateau are sensitive and vulnerable to climate change. However, it is still unknown how precipitation use efficiency (PUE), the ratio of aboveground net primary productivity (ANPP) to precipitation, is related to community assembly of plant species, functional groups or traits for the Tibetan alpine grasslands along actual environmental gradients. We conducted a multi-site field survey at grazing-excluded pastures across meadow, steppe and desert-steppe to measure aboveground biomass (AGB) in August, 2010. We used species richness (SR), the Shannon diversity index, and cover-weighted functional group composition (FGC) of 1-xerophytes, 2-mesophytes, and 3-hygrophytes to describe community assembly at the species level; and chose community-level leaf area index (LAIc), specific leaf area (SLAc), and species-mixed foliar δ13C to quantify community assembly at the functional trait level. Our results showed that PUE decreased with increasing accumulated active temperatures (AccT) when daily temperature average is higher than 5 °C, but increased with increasing climatic moisture index (CMI), which was demined as the ratio of growing season precipitation (GSP) to AccT. We also found that PUE increased with increasing SR, the Shannon diversity index, FGC and LAIc, decreased with increasing foliar δ13C, and had no relation with SLAcat the regional scale. Neither soil total nitrogen (STN) nor organic carbon has no influence on PUE at the regional scale. The community assembly of the Shannon index, LAIcand SLActogether accounted for 46.3% of variance in PUE, whilst CMI accounted for 47.9% of variance in PUE at the regional scale. This implies that community structural properties and plant functional traits can mediate the sensitivity of alpine grassland productivity in response to climate change. Thus, a long-term observation on community structural and functional changes is recommended for better understanding the response of alpine ecosystems to regional climate change on the Tibetan Plateau.
Cranial bone histology ofMetoposaurus krasiejowensis(Amphibia, Temnospondyli) from the Late Triassic of Poland
Authors: Gruntmejer Kamil , Konietzko-Meier Dorota , Bodzioch Adam
Published: November 2016

In this study, 21 skull bones ofMetoposaurus krasiejowensisfrom the Late Triassic of Poland were investigated histologically. Dermal bones show a diploë structure, with an ornamented external surface. The ridges consist of mostly well vascularized parallel-fibered bone; the valleys are built of an avascular layer of lamellar bone. The thick middle region consists of cancellous bone, with varying porosity. The thin and less vascularized internal cortex consists of parallel-fibered bone. The numerous Sharpey’s fibers and ISF are present in all bones. The cyclicity of growth is manifested as an alternation of thick, avascular annuli and high vascularized zones as well as a sequence of resting lines. The detailed histological framework of dermal bones varies even within a single bone; this seems to be related to the local biomechanical loading of the particular part of the skull. The dynamic processes observed during the ornamentation creation indicate that the positions of the ridges and grooves change during growth and could be a specific adaptation to changing biomechanical conditions and stress distribution during bone development. In the supratemporal, the cementing lines show that the remodeling process could be involved in the creations of sculpture. The common occurrence of ISF suggests that metaplastic ossification plays an important role during cranial development. Endochondral bones preserved the numerous remains of calcified cartilage. This indicates that ossification follows a pattern known for stereospondyl intercentra, with relatively slow ossification of the trabecular part and late development of the periosteal cortex. The large accumulation of Sharpey’s fibers in the occipital condyles indicates the presence of strong muscles and ligaments connecting the skull to the vertebral column.
La Formación Universitaria en la Psicología Comunitaria Chilena de Hoy: ¿Un Lugar Subalterno?
Authors: Olivares Bárbara , Berroeta Héctor , Reyes María Isabel , Winkler María Inés
Published: November 2016

Para identificar y caracterizar la presencia-ausencia de valores y principios ético-políticos originales de la disciplina en la formación en psicología comunitaria (PC), se diseñó una investigación cualitativa considerando la diversidad de universidades chilenas. Utilizando un muestreo estructural, se entrevistó a 10 docentes que imparten la disciplina, 26 estudiantes mediante grupos focales y se revisaron 51 mallas curriculares y 10 programas de la asignatura de PC de universidades de las regiones Metropolitana y de Valparaíso. Aplicando el método de la teoría fundada empíricamente y efectuando un análisis selectivo e integrador de todas las fuentes, se elaboró un modelo interpretativo sobre los principales resultados y su articulación. Destaca el carácter subalterno de la PC en la formación en psicología, influido principalmente por el modelo neoliberal imperante. Aunque las dimensiones éticas y políticas son consideradas centrales, quedan supeditadas a nivel del discurso e interferidas por factores institucionales y contextuales, destacándose el rol facilitador de la diada docente-estudiante para su incorporación. Se concluye que la formación disciplinar tiene un carácter eminentemente teórico y carece de la adecuada aplicación en terreno en las propias comunidades.
Adaptación y Validación Preliminar del SPQ y el CEQ Para el Estudio de la Formación en Docencia Universitaria en el Contexto Chileno
Authors: Marchant Jorge , Fauré Jaime , Abricot Nicole
Published: November 2016

El estudio tuvo como objetivo adaptar y aportar evidencias preliminares de validez del Course Experience Questionnaire (CEQ) y el Study Process Questionnaire (SPQ) en el contexto de la formación en docencia universitaria. Se analizaron evidencias de validez de contenido mediante el juicio de 6 expertos, estructura interna a través de análisis factorial confirmatorio, correlación entre los instrumentos y consistencia interna de ambos instrumentos, a través de los coeficientes alfa y omega. La muestra por conveniencia estuvo compuesta por 686 estudiantes de una universidad de la Región Metropolitana de Chile. Se obtuvieron versiones revisadas y adecuadas lingüísticamente de los instrumentos, alto grado de acuerdo entre jueces sobre su contenido y evidencias a favor de la estructura de 2 factores del SPQ y 4 del CEQ. También se encontraron correlaciones teóricamente consistentes según el modelo 3P, donde, por ejemplo, aquellos estudiantes con un enfoque profundo de aprendizaje percibieron una buena enseñanza y metas y objetivos claros. Se discute la posibilidad de desarrollar argumentos a favor de la utilización del CEQ y el SPQ a partir de otro tipo de evidencias.