bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Asociación entre la severidad sintomática de la fibromialgia y la ansiedad durante la pandemia por COVID-19 en mujeres mayores de 18 años en Lima, Perú
Authors:   , Ricra Zuta Vivian Estela , Yañez Tambra Sebastian
Published: August 2023

Introducción. La fibromialgia es un síndrome reumático caracterizado por dolor e hipersensibilidad musculoesquelética que afecta mayormente a las mujeres y es limitante para ciertas actividades de la vida diaria. La ansiedad se ha asociada a mayor severidad a la fibromialgia, además la ansiedad se ha incrementado durante la pandemia COVID-19. Por tanto, se planteó evaluar la asociación entre ansiedad y severidad sintomática de la fibromialgia durante la pandemia COVID-19. Metodología. Estudio analítico de corte transversal, incluyó 85 mujeres mayores de 18 años diagnosticadas con fibromialgia procedentes del grupo Fibromialgia Comunidad Perú. Las participantes autocompletaron los Cuestionario de Impacto de la Fibromialgia (FIQ), la Escala del Trastorno de Ansiedad Generalizada (GAD-7) y el cuestionario de antecedente generales. Se realizó un análisis de regresión lineal múltiple para determinar el efecto de la ansiedad sobre la severidad sintomática de la fibromialgia. Resultados. La media de edad fue de 38,5 ± 10,5 años, 89,4% pacientes contaban con estudios universitarios, 87,1% tenían más de un año con el diagnóstico de fibromialgia, 21,2% de pacientes participantes eran obesas y 92,9% fueron diagnosticadas con ansiedad en sus diferentes grados a través del score GAD-7. En el modelo multivariado las variables obesidad y GAD-7 estuvieron asociados con mayor severidad sintomática. Conclusiones. Existe una relación directamente proporcional entre la ansiedad, la obesidad con el agravamiento sintomático de la fibromialgia, mientras el grado de instrucción superior es inversamente proporcional al agravamiento sintomático de la fibromialgia en mujeres mayores de 18 años durante la pandemia de COVID-19.
Asociación entre síntomas depresivos y neuropatía periférica dolorosa en pacientes con Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2 de un Centro Hospitalario Nivel III-1
Authors:   , Rafael Badillo Astrid Viviana , Jacobo Torres Cinthia Luisa
Published: August 2023

Objetivo: Evaluar la presencia de neuropatía periférica dolorosa (NPD) y su influencia en los síntomas depresivos en pacientes con diabetes mellitus tipo 2 (DM2) Métodos: Realizamos un estudio transversal analítico, que incluyó sujetos con diabetes mellitus tipo 2 de la consulta externa del servicio de endocrinología del Hospital María Auxiliadora. Restringimos los pacientes a menores de 60 años y tiempo de diabetes menor a 10 años. Se aplicó la escala de depresión de Zung y la parte A de Michigan Neuropathy Screening Instrument para medir NPD. La entrevista se realizó por vía telefónica por dos encuestadores capacitados, con una concordancia interobservador kappa mayor a 0.9. Se calculó la razón de prevalencia mediante regresión de Poisson con varianzas robustas ajustadas a confusores epidemiológicos. Resultado: Incluimos a 40 pacientes con y sin NPD. El 60% de la muestra eran varones con una media de 47.9 ± 9.6 años y el 51% presentó un tiempo con diabetes menor a 5 años. El grupo con NPD presentó síntomas depresivos en un 85% (IC 95% 70-94), y el grupo sin NPD un 53% (IC 95% 36-58). La prevalencia de síntomas depresivos fue 63% más frecuente en aquellos con NPD comparado con aquellos sin NPD, ajustada a hemoglobina glicosilada < 7% y tiempo de diabetes < 5 años. (RP 1.63; IC95% 1.17 – 2.27; p=0.003). Conclusión: La neuropatía periférica dolorosa presentó asociación con síntomas depresivos en sujetos con DM2 del Hospital María Auxiliadora. Este hallazgo en población adulta joven y con poco tiempo de enfermedad demuestra complicaciones tempranas que requieren intervenciones intensivas desde el debut de DM2.
Utilidad diagnóstica de la ultrasonografía cerebrovascular en la disfunción cognitiva: una revisión sistemática
Authors:   , Rovegno Salazar Stefano Alonso
Published: August 2023

Introducción: El deterioro cognitivo leve (MCI, Mild Cognitive Impariment) es el estado intermedio entre el envejecimiento normal y la demencia, siendo la enfermedad de Alzheimer (AD, Alzheimer´s Disease) la forma más común. Como se conoce que existen cambios vasculares evidenciados por la ecografía Doppler transcraneal de la arteria cerebral media (MCA, Middle Cerebral Artery) en la AD, sería importante conocer su utilidad diagnóstica en los casos de MCI. Métodos: Se realizó una revisión sistemática y un metaanálisis de estudios analíticos, de cohortes y casos y controles, que comparan parámetros vasculares como el Índice de Pulsatilidad (PI, Pulsatility Index) y la Velocidad Media de Flujo (MFV, Mean Flow Velocity) entre poblaciones sanas y poblaciones con el diagnóstico de MCI. Resultados: Cuatro estudios cumplieron con los criterios de inclusión. 225 de participantes cumplían los criterios, 100 pertenecientes al grupo control y 125 al grupo del MCI. En cuanto al PI, no existió significancia estadística entre los controles y el grupo del MCI (diferencia de medias: 0,06 (-0,05, 0,16) 95% CI en la MCA izquierda; 0,09 (-0,01, 0,19) 95% CI en la MCA promedio; 0,08 (-0,02, 0,18) 95% CI en la MCA derecha). En cuanto al MFV, no existió significancia estadística entre los controles y el grupo del MCI (diferencia de medias: -6,72 (-16,03, 2,59), 95% CI en la MCA izquierda; -2,33 (-6,25, 1,60) 95% CI en la MCA promedio). Conclusiones: No se evidencian diferencias significativas en los parámetros vasculares entre los pacientes sanos con los pacientes con MCI, indicando que no sería una buena herramienta para su diagnóstico.
Conocimientos, actitudes y prácticas en las mujeres que cocinan en ollas comunes de Chorrillos, con respecto a la reutilización de fracciones comestibles de los residuos orgánicos generados, Lima 2021
Authors:   , Anacleto Perez Andrea de Jesus , Caballero Hinojosa Soraya Lourdes
Published: August 2023

Introducción. En los últimos años se ha incrementado la pobreza monetaria a nivel mundial, generando la falta de recursos para la accesibilidad de alimentos en las familias afectadas, lo cual llevó, a implementar estrategias que permitieran la disminución de pérdidas en partes comestibles de los residuos orgánicos y su aprovechamiento para su consumo. Objetivo. El objetivo del estudio fue evaluar los conocimientos, actitudes y prácticas de las mujeres que cocinan en ollas comunes del distrito de Chorrillos, respecto a la reutilización de fracciones comestibles de los residuos orgánicos generados, Lima 2021. Materiales y métodos. El enfoque de la investigación es cuantitativo, observacional, descriptivo y de corte transversal. La muestra estuvo conformada por el total de la población (53 mujeres entre 20 y 70 años), trabajadoras de las veintidós ollas comunes ubicadas en el distrito de Chorrillos, inscritas en el padrón de la Municipalidad de Lima. El estudio se realizó con el total de la población. Se aplicó una encuesta sobre los conocimientos, actitudes y prácticas (CAP) respecto a la reutilización de fracciones comestibles de los residuos orgánicos generados durante la preparación de alimentos. Para la confiabilidad de la encuesta del estudio, se determinó el coeficiente Alfa de Cronbach en los módulos de Escala de Likert de 4 puntos (Conocimientos, Actitudes y Prácticas) y también el coeficiente de Kuder-Richardson-20 para el módulo de única respuesta correcta (Conocimientos). Resultados. Menos del 50% de las participantes tuvieron estudios superiores o técnicos. El 62,3% señalaron que, no recibieron charlas relacionadas a la reutilización de residuos orgánicos comestibles por parte de la Municipalidad. Además, el 79,2% mencionó que, en la olla común donde están inscritas prepara solo almuerzo. Las puntuaciones de las 3 dimensiones CAP, indicaron que el 58,5% (n=31) de mujeres obtuvieron conocimientos altos, mientras que el 84,9% (n=45) mostraron actitudes favorables…
Factors of cyclone disaster deaths in coastal Bangladesh
Authors: Alam Edris
Published: August 2023

Bangladesh’s success in disaster risk management is often evidenced by referencing the reduction of deaths by tropical cyclones ࣧ the Cyclone Gorky 1991 took 147,000 deaths, the Cyclone Sidr 2007 took 4500 deaths and only 6 deaths by the Cyclone Mora in 2017. This raises questions of how deaths occurred by tropical cyclones in the past and what factors contributed to the reduction in deaths in the last two decades? This study answers this question by face-to-face interviews with 362 residents, field visits and observations in coastal Bangladesh. The findings indicate that there have been improvements in house structures and design, warning responses and evacuation to public cyclone shelters and informal cyclone shelter centres. In the past, due to a lack of built infrastructure, strong residential houses and public cyclone shelters, deaths occurred whilst living in fragile houses; attempting to survive through holding trees and floating in storm surges. The top ten factors that may still cause deaths by tropical cyclones include: (1) Living in fragile houses along the coast without embankment; (2) the repeat of a 1991-like cyclone; (3) non-evacuation following early warning; (4) poor roads in remote areas; (5) distance to and insufficient number of public cyclone shelters; (6) lack of protective measures for the rising number of elderly and disabled people; (7) community’s unawareness; (8) communication failure during the disaster period; (9) failure to evacuate people from remote locations; and (10) Poor radio signal and mobile network problems resulting in no warning information. This study provides several key recommendations addressing these factors of deaths, to be implemented by individual, community, private sectors, non-government organisations (NGOs) and public sectors on coastal Bangladesh.
The selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor sertraline alters learning from aversive reinforcements in patients with depression: evidence from a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Malamud Jolanda , Lewis Gemma , Moutoussis Michael , Duffy Larisa , Bone Jessica ,   Ramya Srinivasan3, Lewis Glyn , Huys Quentin
Published: August 2023

Background: Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are first-line pharmacological treatments for depression and anxiety. However, little is known about how pharmacological action is related to cognitive and affective processes. Here, we examine whether specific reinforcement learning processes mediate the treatment effects of SSRIs.
Methods: The PANDA trial was a multicentre, double-blind, randomized clinical trial in UK primary care comparing the SSRI sertraline with placebo for depression and anxiety. Participants (N=655) performed an affective Go/NoGo task three times during the trial and computational models were used to infer reinforcement learning processes.
Results: There was poor task performance: only 54% of the task runs were informative, with more informative task runs in the placebo than the active group. There was no evidence for the preregistered hypothesis that Pavlovian inhibition was affected by sertraline. Exploratory analyses revealed that in the sertraline group, early increases in Pavlovian inhibition were associated with improvements in depression after 12 weeks. Furthermore, sertraline increased how fast participants learned from losses and faster learning from losses was associated with more severe generalised anxiety symptoms. Conclusions: The study findings indicate a relationship between aversive reinforcement learning mechanisms and aspects of depression, anxiety, and SSRI treatment, but these relationships did not align with the initial hypotheses. Poor task performance limits the interpretability and likely generalizability of the findings, and highlights the critical importance of developing acceptable and reliable tasks for use in clinical studies.
Funding: This article presents research supported by NIHR Program Grants for Applied Research (RP-PG-0610-10048), the NIHR BRC, and UCL, with additional support from IMPRS COMP2PSYCH (JM, QH) and a Wellcome Trust grant (QH).
Modeling and Prediction of Embarkment Dam Displacement under Earthquake Loading Using PSO-ANN
Authors: Mostafaei Yashar , kutanaei saman soleimani
Published: August 2023

Evaluation of embankment dam displacement (D) under earthquake loading can contribute to safe design of the dam. Due to the complexities encountered when modeling this problem, soft computing can be seen as an appropriate solution for predicting the embarkment dam displacement under earthquake loading. In this research, ANN and PSO were integrated in an attempt to present a relationship for predicting the displacement of embankment dam (D). for this purpose, data from 102 real cases was utilized. Input parameters included the height (H) and natural period of the dam (Td), minimum required yield acceleration to slide a block of the dam body (ay), and magnitude (Mw), dominant frequency (Tp), and peak acceleration (amax) of the earthquake. It was figured out that PSO-ANN outperforms PSO in estimating earthquake-induced dam displacement. Compared to other soft-computing methods for predicting embankment dam displacement under earthquake loading, the hybrid PSO-ANN rendered more powerful and suitable.
Assessing the Socio-Environmental Challenges by Floods in 2017: A Case from a Upazila of Northern Bangladesh
Authors: Ghosh Biddut Kumar
Published: August 2023

Flood in Bangladesh is a very common issue regarding crossing many rivers, and raining a lot caused by monsoon wind are subject to inundation by overflow. This paper mainly focuses on the challenges associated with 2017 flood disaster in northern Bangladesh, impacts and how affected victim Households (HHs) survive with this disaster. This study is based on mixed methods, and entirely primary data are collected from seventy-three sample survey, six Focus Group Discussion (FGD) and observation. For instance, secondary data are obtained from various authorized sources. Northern Bangladesh is more vulnerable to climatic variability, flash flood, upstream heavy rainfall, early flood during pre-monsoon period, two or three times flooding at a certain year and poverty as well. The socio-economic conditions of the 2017 flood victim HHs in northern Bangladesh are sub-standard compare to other regions of Bangladesh. In addition, the 2017 flood damaged different infrastructures, institutions, properties, crops, homestead vegetation, livestock and poultry and etc. Therefore, social and economic security, and proper guidance has to be ensured, damaged infrastructures and institutions have to be rebuilt, public awareness must be increased, regional planning and delta planning have to maintained regarding the flood management for the vulnerable groups.
Numerical investigation of in-line and staggered fins arrangements on liquid mixer
Authors: Tan Sak Jie , Yu Kok Hwa , Ismail Mohd Azmi , Goh Choon Fu , Lua Kim Boon
Published: August 2023

This paper numerically analyzed the liquid mixing performance of a T-mixer having fins in two distinct arrangements, i.e., in-line and staggered. The effects of fin arrangements on the liquid flow characteristics in the mixing channel are assessed, and it can be profoundly indicated that the induced transverse flow tends to promote better liquid mixing. Comparatively, a mixer with a staggered fin arrangement yields superior mixing performance than that of an in-line fin arrangement, owing to a greater transverse flow. This forces the bulk of the liquid to flow alternatively through both halves of the mixing channel. Supplementary to the better mixing performance attained, a mixer with staggered fins also yields a lower pressure drop. When fins are placed perpendicular to the axial flow direction (i.e., \(\theta ={0}^{0}\)), the pressure drop yielded by in-line fin arrangement is remarkably high (> 60 times that of the basic T-mixer and > 6 times than that of the staggered fin arrangement). The superiority of the staggered fins on liquid mixing is also observed for flows at different Reynolds numbers, ranging from 0.1 to 10.
Recent Tremors in Bangladesh Might Hint at Bigger Quakes: A Probabilistic Approach for Earthquake Prediction
Authors: Ahmed Zihad , Ali Md. Rayhan , Mahmud Hasan , Muntakim Nafia , Hasan Nahid , Aziz Md. Abdul , Rahman Md. Mizanoor
Published: August 2023

The study performs a temporal probabilistic analysis of earthquakes in a seismically active region like Bangladesh. Data from the USGS earthquake catalog, spanning from May 12, 1906, to August 24, 2022, within a 500km radius of Dhaka City, was analyzed to assess earthquake hazard and probability. It revealed that the country is located in an area with a high likelihood of earthquakes, and any moderate to major tremor might trigger an enormous human catastrophe. While 75% of the earthquakes were classified as the "light" category (4-4.9 Richter Scale), 64% occurred at shallow depths, and only 5% occurred within 200 kilometers of Dhaka. Since the 1990s, the earthquake frequency has increased significantly with an incidence rate of 1.556. The findings categorized the research area as having a relatively moderate risk of earthquake hazard, with depth, frequency, magnitude, and distance scores falling into various risk categories. Probability distributions of earthquake magnitudes were estimated using the graphical analysis and goodness-of-fit criteria. Cumulative probability distributions were also determined to predict earthquake occurrences of specific magnitudes in the coming years based on recurrence time. The study indicated a strong probability of major earthquakes in the future, which poses a severe threat to the country. Assessing the susceptibility of an area to earthquakes based on factors like geology, topography, population density, building quality, and coping mechanisms is crucial, and this earthquake catalog can support disaster preparedness, specific precautions in planning, and the development of a resilient nation.
Surgical management of radiculopathy following acute singe-level osteoporotic vertebral fracture of lower lumbar spine in geriatric patient: a retrospective study
Authors: Zhang Yao , Lu Yuzheng , Lin Wancheng , Yao Mingtao , Song Jipeng , Ding Lixiang
Published: August 2023

Background Radiculopathy of lower limb after acute osteoporotic vertebral fracture (OVF) in lower lumbar spine (LLS) is uncommon in geriatric patient. Surgical intervention is indicated in patient who is irresponsive to conservative treatment. The optimum operative strategy is controversial considering the poor general condition of this population. Herein we provided an algorithm for surgically managing this clinical scenario, hoping to provide reference for surgical decision. Methods We retrospectively studied the patients who suffered new-onset radiculopathy of lower limb after acute single-level OVF in LLS underwent surgical intervention in our department. The demographics, bone mineral density (BMD), AO classification of vertebral fracture, the preexisting degenerative changing (foraminal stenosis, lumbar disc herniation, etc.), and the fashion of surgical intervention were collected. The clinical outcomes, including pre- and postoperative Visual Analog Scale (VAS) scores for back and leg pain, Oswestry Disability Index (ODI), and MacNab criteria of response to surgery, were evaluated. Result From Sep 2019 to Dec 2021, twenty two patients with mean age and T-score of 68.59 ± 9.74 years and 2.86 ± 1.03, respectively, were analyzed. The most involved vertebra was L5 (54.5%), followed by L4 (27.3%) and L3 (18.2%). Fifteen patients (45.4)% were diagnosed with A1 type of AO classification, in which 11 patients (80.0%) were characterized by collapse of inferior end-plate. Three patients (13.6%) suffered A2 type fracture, while four patients (18.2%) suffered A3 type fracture. Preexisting degenerative changing was observed in 54.5% of all patients. Sixteen patients (72.7%) were treated by percutaneous kyphoplasty (PKP). Three patients underwent posterior instrumentation and fusion, two patients underwent secondary endoscopic foraminoplasty, one patient underwent secondary radiofrenquency ablation. The mean follow-up period was 17.42 ± 9.62 months. Mean VAS for leg/back pain and ODI were significantly decreased after surgery (P < 0.05). Based on the Macnab criteria, the total satisfaction rate was 90.9% at the last follow-up. Conclusion Patient with OVF which involved inferior end-plate is predisposed to suffer lower-limb radiculopathy. PKP alone or with other minimally-invasive surgery is safe and effective for treating stable fracture. Aggressive surgical intervention should be considered in patient with unstable fracture or severe foraminal encroachment.
Spatial co-occurrence of multiple cancers: a population-based study using national cancer registry data in China
Authors: Han Wei , Yang Cuihong , Chen Wangyue , Wu Peng , Xue Fang , Wang Zixing , Gu Wentao , Shen Yubing , Zhang Luwen , Guo Xiaobo , Zhao Jing , Jiang Jingmei
Published: August 2023

Background
Showing the spatial co-occurrence of multiple types of cancers supports geographical targeting and prioritization, because different cancer types often share common causes. However, the variation in incidence between different cancer types and regional differences within each cancer pose a major challenge to etiological research. This study aimed to assess the spatial co-occurrence of multiple cancers in mainland China to accelerate the identification of causes and development of tailored prevention policies.
Methods
We obtained cancer incidence data for 2016 for 13 cancers from the China Cancer Registry Annual Report. We proposed a design framework to assess the spatial co-occurrence of multiple cancer types using Moran’s I, and identified the level of risk of co-occurrence by area. We used negative binomial regression to obtain the incidence rate ratio for three risk-level areas, and the population attributable fraction and expected excess cases to estimate the proportion of cancer incidence attributable in different risk areas.
Results
The high-risk areas (17.1%) for cancer co-occurrence were mainly in the east and northeast, the low-risk areas (30.7%) were mainly in the south, and medium-risk areas (52.2%) were evenly distributed throughout China. The incidence rate ratio (95% confidence interval) was 1.61 (1.53–1.69) for high-risk areas, and 1.19 (1.14–1.23) for medium-risk areas compared to low-risk areas. Most provinces had two to three grades of risk areas. Zhejiang had the highest proportion of high-risk areas (85.7%), and Hunan the highest proportion of low-risk areas (86.4%). The most frequently observed cancer co-occurrence patterns were lung and pancreatic in the 15 provinces with high-risk areas; leukemia, brain tumor, bone, and gallbladder cancer in the 30 provinces with medium-risk areas; and pancreatic, lung and stomach cancer in the 24 provinces with low-risk areas. The population attributable factor ranged from 7.6–37.9% for high-risk areas and 1.8–15.9% for medium-risk areas. There were 44,568 expected excess cases in all areas. The highest number of expected excess cases was in Jiangsu and the lowest in Tibet.
Conclusion
This research framework could help to locate areas at high risk of cancer co-occurrence and identify common risk factors, guiding the development of tailored prevention policies.
The change in left ventricular mass after mitral valve replacement surgery
Authors: Wu Songzhe , Xia Lin , Li Baoyin , Qin Nana , Zhu Yan
Published: August 2023

Background
Mitral valve lesions caused by rheumatic heart disease and mitral valve lesions caused by degenerative valvular disease are the most common types of mitral valve lesions in China. Mitral valve replacement surgery is an effective treatment for mitral regurgitation, and echocardiography remains a method of assessing perioperative disease severity. This study explores changes in the left ventricle before and after mitral valve replacement surgery from multiple angles and indicators.
Methods
A retrospective study was conducted on the baseline data and perioperative echocardiography data of 80 patients with rheumatic or degenerative mitral valve disease from September 2020 to March 2022, and the relevant indicators of the perioperative period of patients were obtained by calculating the LVM (left ventricular mass), LVMI (left ventricular mass index ) and RWT(relative wall thickness), and the patients were divided into two groups, A and B, of which group A (rheumatic heart disease, n = 50) and group B (degenerative valvular disease, n = 30). The Mann-Whitney nonparametric test was performed on the LVM and other indicators before and after surgery in the two groups. Paired t-tests are performed for the entire patient undergoing mitral valve replacement surgery before, and after surgery. Look at changes in the left ventricle.
Results
LVM, LVMI left ventricular volume and left ventricular size of patients in group A were smaller than those in group B, and the differences were statistically significant (P < 0.05), while the relative wall thickness of the two groups was not significantly changed, and the difference was not statistically significant (P > 0.05). The left ventricular quality, LVMI, left ventricular volume and left ventricular size were all regressed compared with the preoperative indexes in 1 week after surgery and 1 month after surgery, and the differences were statistically significant (P < 0.05), and the left ventricular quality, left ventricular volume and left ventricular size were not significantly changed 3 months after surgery and 1 month after surgery, and the difference was not significant (P > 0.05), while the LVMI was still different and statistically significant (P > 0.05).
Conclusions
In terms of preoperative treatment, the effect of mitral regurgitation caused by rheumatic valvular disease on the left ventricle is smaller than that of degenerative valvular disease. The mass, volume and size of the left ventricle decreased after surgery; The quality, volume, and size of the left ventricle stabilized 3 months after surgery.
Exploration of Tumor Growth Regression of Oil Nanocapsules via the Control of Pik3ca and Myc Expression, Anti-Inflammation and Cell Proliferation Inhibition, and Their Hepatorenal Safety in Rats
Authors: makawy Aida el , Abdel-Aziem Sekena , Mohammed Shaimaa , Ibrahim Faten , EL-Kader Heba Abd , Sharaf Hafiza , Youssef Dalia , Mabrouk Dalia
Published: August 2023

Background The second most common cancer in the world is breast cancer. Chemotherapy is used to treat breast cancer, but instances of multidrug resistance, targets that are not selective, and physicochemical issues raise doubts about its efficacy. So, the exploration of chemopreventive agents from efficient natural sources has been required. The chia and quinoa seeds have health-promoting activities that include cardio-protective, antidiabetic, and anticancer effects. Given the paramount importance of their oils and their potential bioactivities, this work aimed to assess the repressive effect of their oils nanocapsules against mammary tumors in rats. Rat models of chemically induced mammary tumors were gavaged Chia and Quinoa nanocapsules for one month. The repressive effect of nanocapsules was studied by quantifying the TNF-α, assessing the gene expression of proto-oncogenes (Pik3ca & MYC) using qRT PCR, and analyzing the cell cycle in mammary tissue.Results The studies clarified that the inhibition of tumors in response to Quinoa and Chia nanocapsules was associated with the reduction in TNF-α levels, proliferation capability, and motivation of apoptosis. Furthermore, the Quinoa and Chia nanocapsules management repressed the activation of the MYC and Pik3ca genes. As well as nanocapsules modulated the liver enzymes and kidney function alterations induced in mammary tumor animals. Meanwhile, both oils' nanocapsules do not have an impact on the liver and kidneys of healthy rats.Conclusions The findings indicate that Quinoa and Chia nanocapsules are safe and can reduce tumor growth, suggesting a potential natural therapeutic target for breast cancer treatment.
The cost-effectiveness of specialist hospital discharge and intermediate care services for patients who are homeless
Authors: Tinelli Michela , Wittenberg Raphael , Cornes Michelle , Aldridge Robert , Clark Michael , Byng Richard , Foster Graham , Fuller James , Hayward Andrew , Hewett Nigel , Kilmister Alan , Manthorpe Jill , Neale Joanne , Biswell Elizabeth , Whiteford Martin
Published: August 2023

Objective
To evaluate the cost-effectiveness of specialist hospital discharge and intermediate care (support after discharge) services for people who are homeless in England.
Methods
We estimated the comparative cost and consequences of different types of specialist care provided by 17 homeless hospital discharge and intermediate care services. We compared ‘clinically-led’ (multidisciplinary) services with those that were ‘housing-led’ (uniprofessional). We also compared schemes that provided access to ‘step-down’ intermediate care with those that did not. We examined the variation in the effect of different types of schemes compared with a standard care control. Use of resource data for specialist care were sourced through linkage with HES. A control group from a published trial was used as a proxy for standard care. The measure of effectiveness was the number of bed days avoided (in terms of hospital stays for all readmissions in the follow-up period) per homeless user. Additional in-depth analysis of three configurations looked at quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) and service delivery costs. The perspective adopted was NHS in England.
Results
Specialist homeless hospital discharge (HHD) care is more cost-effective than standard care. Patients accessing specialist care use fewer bed days per year (including both planned and unplanned readmissions) and presented better QALY outcome. Patients using specialist care have more planned readmissions to hospital and, overall, use more NHS resources than those who use standard care. We interpret this as a positive outcome indicating that specialist care is working more effectively than standard care to improve access to healthcare for this marginalised group. The model remained cost-effective over a range of sensitivity analyses.
Conclusion
Specialist HHD services are likely to be cost-effective for the NHS compared with standard care.
Acceptability of the Social Robot Mini and Attitudes of People with Dementia and Mild Cognitive Impairment: A Mixed Method Study
Authors: Asl Aysan Mahmoudi , Toribio-Guzmán Jose Miguel , Castro-González Álvaro , Castillo José C. , Martin Fernando Alonso , Salichs Miguel A. , Roest Henriëtte van der , Martin Manuel Franco
Published: August 2023

Background:Social robots are considered a promising solution and support in emotional, mental, and physical areas for people with dementia (PwD) and mild cognitive impairments (MCI). Social robots’ effective adoption and outcome may largely depend on this target group’s attitude and acceptance and should be taken into account since the primary stages of design and development.The present study aims to evaluate the acceptability and attitudes of the PwD and MCI towards the Mini robot and understand their expectations.Methods:A mixed-method study was conducted in a clinical setting, with 22 community-dwelling people with dementia and mild cognitive impairment, aged68-88 years.During the course of a month,the participants engaged in eight sessions of individual interaction with the robot.Pre- and post-evaluation of acceptability were conducted utilizing the Almere questionnaire. Participants completed semi-structured interviews on their attitudes towards the Mini robot at the end of the study.Results:A total of 22 PwD and MCI completed the study and individually participated in eight sessions of interaction with the Mini robot. The data from the Almere questionnaire showed that people were in favour of the Mini robot and the mean values of the ratings were slightly higher in the post-test, except for the social ‘presence/ personality of the robot/social presence’ construct. A collection of ideas emerged from interview data that revealed acceptance and satisfaction with using the Mini robot in clinical settings. Participants viewed the Mini robot as a delightful companion, particularly for those who live alone, as a wonderful advantage. Although the robot’s features were appreciated, some suggestions for improving the robotic platform were made.Conclusion:This research confirms the Mini robot acceptance and the target population's positive opinion towards interacting with Mini robot in clinical settings. The research presented in this article may provide new insights into improving social robots’ design and suggestions for adjusting the robotics’ features to the users’ desires, needs and preferences.
Nanoforest of metal single atoms
Authors: Qiu Huibin , Sun Yan , Zang Yipeng , He Bowen , Lin Geyu , Yang Lei , Shen Chengshuo , Chen Liwei , Liu Xi
Published: August 2023

Metal single atoms are of increasing importance in catalytic reactions. However, conventional supports normally fail to access a high and versatile loading of metal single atoms. Here, we demonstrate that cylindrical micellar brushes with highly solvated poly(2-vinylpyridine) coronas can immobilize a remarkable amount of diverse metal single atoms on conventional electrodes. This is favored by the forest-like hierarchically open structure of the micellar brushes and the abundant presence of coordinative/aromatic pyridine groups. Eventually, nanoforests of 33 kinds of individual metal single atoms with 8.3 ~ 40.9 wt% atomic contents are fabricated simply by immersion in the solutions of corresponding metal ion precursors. Representatively, the nanoforest of Pt single atoms on nickel foam reveals a high mass activity of 25.9 A mgPt−1 for electrochemical hydrogen evolution. The micellar brush support also allows the simultaneous anchoring of multiple metal single atoms, which prominently reduce the potential to 1.47 V for overall seawater electrolysis.
Efficacy of Praziquantel and Schistosomiasis Reinfection Rate Among School-Aged Children in Ondo State, Nigeria; how feasible is the WHO 2030 elimination roadmap?
Authors: Oni Oluwatosin Idowu , Omoniyi Olatunji , Ajomole Olufunke Flora , Odesanmi Tayelolu Mary , Raji Habeebat Motunrayo , Ogungbeje Aanuoluwapo
Published: August 2023

Background: Schistosomiasis, caused by blood flukes of the genus Schistosoma that depend on snail intermediate hosts for their life cycle, is a neglected tropical parasitic disease of great public health and socioeconomic significance. Most studies on Schistosomiasis are only prevalence data and not purposefully conducted for interventional programmes. There is a need to access the possible intervention impact as the Nation moves towards the elimination of Schistosomiasis. This study was designed to assess the prevalence and efficacy of PZQ and post-treatment reinfection among SAC and adolescent population in an endemic Community (Ayadi, Irele Local Government Area, Ondo State, Nigeria).
Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 140 School Aged Children (SAC) and adolescents at Ayadi, Irele 3 Local Government Area of Ondo State, Nigeria.
Results: The prevalence of Schistosomiasis at baseline was 65% which dropped to 12.01 % following 4 weeks post-treatment and unfortunately out of the participants that tested positive at baseline and negative at 4 weeks post-treatment with PZQ, 13.75 % of them already got infected 6 months post PZQ single use. A significant Egg Reduction Rate (86.49 %) and Cure Rate (87.91 %) were obtained in this study.
Conclusion: Treatment with a single dose of 40 mg/kg of PZQ produced a significant result against Schistosomiasis. However, there was a high reinfection rate due to the lack of safe water. Recommendations: The Schistosomiasis elimination program should be redesigned to accommodate double dose treatment with PZQ and also ensure treatment across all endemic wards without having to sectionalize treatment across moderately and lowly endemic wards.
MTHFD1 Regulates the NADPH Redox Homeostasis in MYCN-amplified Neuroblastoma
Authors: Zhang Yizhuo , Guan Jin , Li Mengzhen , Wang Yi , Zhang Yu , Que Yi , Lu Suying , Wang Juan , Zhu Jia , Huang Junting , Zhen Zijun , Sun Feifei , Song Mengjia
Published: August 2023

MYCN amplification is an independent poor prognostic factor in patients with high-risk neuroblastoma (NB). Further exploring the molecular regulatory mechanisms in MYCN-amplified NB will help to develop novel therapy targets. In this study, methylenetetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase 1 (MTHFD1) was identified as the differentially expressed gene (DEG) highly expressed in MYCN-amplified NB, and it showed a positive correlation with MYCN and was associated with a poor prognosis of NB patients. Knockdown of MTHFD1 inhibited proliferation and migration and induced apoptosis of NB cells in vitro. Mouse model experiments validated the tumorigenic effect of MTHFD1 in NB in vivo. In terms of mechanism, ChIP-qPCR and dual-luciferase reporter assays demonstrated that MTHFD1 was directly activated by MYCN at the transcriptional level. As an important enzyme in the folic acid metabolism pathway, MTHFD1 maintained the NADPH redox homeostasis in MYCN-amplified NB. Knockdown of MTHFD1 reduced cellular NADPH/NADP+ and GSH/GSSG ratios, increased cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and triggered the apoptosis of NB cells. Moreover, genetic knockdown of MTHFD1 or application of the anti-folic acid metabolism drug methotrexate (MTX) potentiated the anti-tumor effect of JQ1 both in vitro and in vivo. Taken together, MTHFD1 as an oncogene is a potential therapeutic target for MYCN-amplified NB. The combination of MTX with JQ1 is of important clinical translational significance for the treatment of patients with MYCN-amplified NB.
Characterization of residual cancer by comparison of a pair of organoids established from a patient with ESCC before and after neoadjuvant chemotherapy
Authors: Fuchino Takafumi , Kurogi Shusaku , Tsukamoto Yoshiyuki , Shibata Tomotaka , Fumoto Shoichi , Fujishima Hajime , Kinoshita Keisuke , Hirashita Yuka , Fukuda Masahide , Nakada Chisato , Itai Yusuke , Suzuki Kosuke , Uchida Tomohisa , Shiroshita Hidefumi , Matsumoto Takashi , Yamaoka Yoshio , Tsutsumi Koshiro , Fukuda Kensuke , Ogawa Ryo , Mizukami Kazuhiro , Kodama Masaaki , Inomata Masafumi , Murakami Kazunari , Moriyama Masatsugu , Hijiya Naoki
Published: August 2023

Neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) followed by surgery is a standard approach for management of locally advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). Patients who do not respond well to NAC have a poor prognosis. Despite extensive research, the mechanisms of chemoresistance in ESCC remain largely unknown. Here, we established paired tumor organoids – designated as PreNAC-O and PostNAC-O – from one ESCC patient before and after NAC, respectively. Although the two organoids did not exhibit significant differences in proliferation, morphology or drug sensitivity in vitro, the tumorigenicity of PostNAC-O in vivo was significantly higher than that of PreNAC-O. Xenografts from PreNAC-O tended to exhibit keratinization, while those from PostNAC-O displayed conspicuous necrotic areas. The tumorigenicity of PostNAC-O xenografts during the chemotherapy was comparable to that of PreNAC-O without treatment. Furthermore, the gene expression profiles of the xenografts suggested that expression of genes involved in the EMT and/or hypoxia response might be related to the tumorigenicity of PostNAC-O. Our data suggested that the tumorigenicity of residual cancer had been enhanced, outweighing the effects of chemotherapy, rather than being attributable to intrinsic chemoresistance. Further studies are required to clarify the extent to which residual cancers share a common mechanism similar to that revealed here.
In Vitro Antioxidant and Anti-inflamatory Activty of a Eugenia Umbellflora Phloroglucinol
Authors: Barreta Claiza , Bramorski Adriana , Knecht Hellen , Faqueti Larissa G. , Lubschinski Tainá Larissa , Dalmarco Eduardo Monguilhott , Caon Thiago , de Freitas Rilton Alves , Meyre-Silva Christiane
Published: August 2023

Eugenia umbelliflora is a plant widely used in the Brazilian traditional medicine due to its anti-inflammatory and antibacterial properties. Its fruits are an important natural source of phloroglucinols such as eugenial D. In this study, the in vitro antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity of this compound was investigated, which was isolated from the methanol extract of E. umbelliflora unripe fruits. The antioxidant activity was evaluated by DPPH, ORAC, ABTS and metal chelating activity assays whereas. The anti-inflammatory activity through the nitric oxide inhibitory assay. The results demonstrated a pro-oxidant effect of the eugenial D due to its ability to neutralize ROS species and metal ions as well as significant in vitro anti-inflammatory activity (inhibited 58.65% of NOx production at 1 µM). A very low cytotoxicity was also identified (CC50 higher than 348µM), suggesting a selectivity of action.
Genetic variability and association of microsatellite markers with seed physiological traits related to seed vigour in rice (Oryza sativa L.)
Authors: Kumari Shruti , Chakrabarty Shyamal Kumar , Singh Vikram Jeet , Dikshit Brijesh , Bhowmick Prolay
Published: August 2023

High seed vigour is vital for successful nursery management and crop establishment. Genetic variability in seed vigour traits and association with 41 SSR markers in 44 Indian rice varieties was studied.Analysis of variance indicated presence of high genetic variability, heritability, and genetic advance.Selecting for these traits would be effective for seed vigour improvement.Among 41 markers, 39 were polymorphic.Out of 141 alleles detected 138 were polymorphic.The number of alleles per locus varied from 2 to 5. The overall size of amplified products varied from 50 bp (RM 240) to 600 bp (RM 13). The PIC value of each marker ranged from 0.013 to 0.967, with an average of 0.430. 44 rice varieties were classified into five major clusters based on their genetic similarity values and maturity periods.RM 1353, RM 250 and RM 229 on chromosomes number 7, 2 and 11, respectively were associated with all seed physiological traits.The traits identified and markers detected in the association analysis will be useful for improvement of seed vigour in rice.
A higher extracellular water/total-body water ratio is associated with pre-frailty in Chinese community-dwelling older men
Authors: Xu Shuaixuan , Chen Wei , Cao Mengyu , Wang Fang , Liu Jinwei , Chen Chao , Ma Shuang , Zhang Zhen , Zhang Nihui , He Xiaofei , Deng Xinli , Peng Nan
Published: August 2023

Background
The purpose of this study was to investigate the correlation between the extracellular water/total-body water ratio (ECW/TBW) and physical function indicators in elderly men in the Chinese community and whether it could be used as an objective indicator of prefrailty.
Methods
We included a total of 588 community-dwelling elderly men aged ≥ 65 years. ECW/TBW was assessed by the BIA method; the Fried frailty phenotype (FP) was used to diagnose prefrailty, in which grip strength, gait speed and 5-repetition sit-to-stand time were assessed. We analysed the correlation of ECW/TBW with physical function indicators and the independent influencing factors of prefrailty in elderly individuals.
Results
Univariate analyses showed that the ECW/TBW of the prefrail group was higher than that of the nonfrail group, P < 0.001. Correlation analysis showed that a higher ECW/TBW in community-dwelling older men was associated with reduced grip strength and gait speed and prolonged 5-repetition sit-to-stand time. In addition, the ECW/TBW was significantly and independently associated with grip strength, gait speed and 5-repetition sit-to-stand time, even after adjusting for confounding factors. Logistic regression analysis revealed that a higher ECW/TBW (OR = 2.368, 95% CI 1.185–4.732, P = 0.015) and a longer 5-repetition sit-to-stand time (OR = 1.065, 95% CI 1.013–1.119, P = 0.013) were independent influencing factors in prefrail older adults.
Conclusion
The ECW/TBW reflects the physical functional status of elderly men in the community and may be an important indicator associated with the early development of frailty.
Finite Element Investigation of Cutting Speed Effects on the Machining of Ti6Al4V Alloy
Authors: Pal Surinder , Velay Xavier , Saleem Waqas
Published: August 2023

In modern times, titanium alloy has a great application prospect in the medical field. Still, the pitiful machinability of titanium alloy material brings incredible difficulty to its ultra-precision cutting. This work presented the effect of parametric sensitivity analysis of the orthogonal cutting process using the finite element method, which dramatically enhances the cutting performance of Ti-6AL-4V. The simulation results are attained by applying Abaqus® explicit 6.14 software. The mechanical reaction of two-dimensional finite element models has been examined for cutting forces. Additionally, the impacts of rake angle, clearance angle, and nose radius on the stress distribution in orthogonal cutting of Ti-6AL-4V have been investigated. Also, to make certain numerical accuracy, the Johnson − Cook constitutive models for Ti6Al4V alloy are implemented. In the end, FE simulation outcomes were supported by the reported results in the literature.
Protective Effect of Probiotics Against Irinotecan-Induced Fatty Liver Disease: An Animal Model
Authors: ocaklı serhat , akkurt gökhan , kartal bahar , Akkurt Burcu , doğan ibrahim , yüksel bülent , çetinkaya erdinç
Published: August 2023

Background: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a chronic disease that affects approximately 25% of the global population and 20% of patients using irinotecan (IRI). Although many studies have been conducted on the treatment of NAFLD, a standard treatment method superior to diet modification and exercise has not been discovered yet. It has been shown that the use of probiotics has positive effects on diet-related fatty liver disease.
Objectives: This study aimed to investigate whether NAFLD caused by IRI, which is frequently included in the systemic treatment regimens of metastatic colon-rectum, stomach, and pancreatic tumors, can be prevented through the concomitant use of probiotics.
Methods: In this study, which was planned as an experimental animal model, four groups of eight mice each (normal saline, IRI alone, IRI + probiotics, and probiotics alone) were formed, and at the end of the seven-week period, the effect of probiotic use was examined using biochemical, histological, and immunohistochemical analyses.
Results: As a result of the examinations, a statistically significant improvement was observed in the IRI + probiotics group in terms of steatosis, lobular inflammation, hepatocyte ballooning, fibrosis, inducible nitric oxide synthase level, transforming growth factor beta level, and aspartate aminotransferase level compared to the group receiving IRI alone (p < 0.05).
Conclusions: The results obtained from this study suggest that the concomitant use of probiotics with IRI may reduce the development of fatty liver disease and steatohepatitis. Keywords: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, irinotecan, probiotics