bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
RECURRENT LARYNGEAL NERVE VARIATIONS IN RELATION TO VARIOUS LANDMARKS DURING THYROID SURGERIES AND CADAVERIC DISSECTIONS AT A TERTIARY HOSPITAL
Authors: Upasna Upasna , Kumar Ashwani , Dhamija Parth , Bhat Anusha , Nagarajan Prasanth
Published: August 2023

Introduction: The recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) is a vital anatomical and surgical element in thyroid surgery. Its anatomical knowledge is extremely important for any surgeon to prevent injury to the nerve which is one of the chief hazards of thyroid surgery. The RLN is more prone to injury when no attempt is made to identify it. To study the relationship of recurrent Aim: laryngeal nerve with various landmarks i.e, 1) Inferior thyroid artery 2) Berry's ligament 3) Zuckerkandl's tubercle (ZT) 4) Beahrs triangle. Materials And Methods: This was a prospective study which included 25 patients undergoing hemi thyroidectomy/total thyroidectomy [Group A] in Surgery department and 50 cadaveric dissections (25 cadavers) of normal or enlarged thyroid [Group B] in Anatomy department at Rajindra Hospital, Patiala. Data was reported in terms of mean, standard deviation, percentages and charts using SPSS 22 software and Microsoft Excel. Data was analysed using Chi square and Fischer exact tests. This study Results: showed that 78.4% of RLNs in live surgeries and 64% of the RLNs in cadaveric dissections were posterior to the artery. In live surgeries, all the nerves were supercial to the berry's ligament(100%) where as in cadaveric dissection, 92% of the nerves were supercial to berry's ligament. The nerve was found to be posterior to the Zukerkandl tubercle in 70.6% of cases in live surgeries and in cadaveric dissection, 90% were found posterior to the tubercle. Beahrs triangle was appreciated in 36.8% thyroidectomies whereas its appreciation was as high as 92% in cadaveric dissections. From our study it was also concluded that the Conclusion: LB was the most consistent and reliable landmark to identify the RLN followed by the ZT
A CASE SERIES ON RECURRENT VARICOSE VEINS TREATED WITH ENDOVENOUS THERMAL ABLATION TECHNIQUES
Authors: Prathap K.
Published: August 2023

Chronic venous insufciency due to varicose veins forms one of the major etiology for lower limb ulceration. Traditional
surgical treatment of varicose vein with high ligation and stripping has high rates of recurrence. Recurrent varicose veins
cause frequent ulceration and morbidity to the patient. In a patient with recurrent varicosities, detailed Duplex examination is a must to recognize
the site of reux and for planning the management. The various reasons include persistent reux, new sites of reux and neovascularization. Once
diagnosed, it can treated by either Redo open surgery or Endovenous techniques. Redo open surgery through the scarred tissues has its own
complications of neurovascular injury. In these patients endovenous techniques are very useful. Both Radiofrequency ablation and Endovenous
Laser Ablation produce good results. In this case series we discuss about the clinical presentation and management of 3 patients with recurrent
varicose veins. All the patients were treated succefully with endovenous techniques. We conclude that and Endovenous technique should be the
preferred treatment option as they yield good results with fewer postoperative complications and early recovery from the hospital.
PROFILE OF JUVENILE-ONSET OPEN ANGLE GLAUCOMA IN PATIENTS VISITING TERTIARY CARE CENTER
Authors: Bhatt Anuja , Raval Reema , Shah Kintu , Gajwani Sakshi , Gajwani Sonakshi , Bhatt Shailja
Published: August 2023

Aim: To assess gender, clinical characteristics, laterality, disc and visual eld defects in Juvenile onset open angle
glaucoma patients Cross sectional observational study with 70 patients of age Methods: group 10-40 year presenting with
glaucomatous optic neuropathy. Detailed history, complete eye examination and glaucoma evaluation. Results obtained by using mean, Standard
deviation and compared by independent t-test and chi square test. Exclusion secondary Glaucoma; history of surgery; ocular co-morbidity Result:
Male more affected, mean age of presentation 28.56+7.24 ; 48% patients myopic and having thin cornea(p=0.0001). 45 patients diagnosed with
JOAG in both eyes and were of older age group(p=0.043).17 patients presented with MD(dB) 17.2+3.02 and 37 patients with MD(dB) 9.87+3.06.
57% found to have cup-disc ratio of >0.6 We conclude that JOAG patients has male pre Conclusion: ponderance, Bilateral presentation more
common; disc and eld moderate to severe damage.
CONCEPT OF ADHOSHAKHAGAT LOHITAKSHA MARMA AND ITS APPLIED ASPECT
Authors: Sharma Renu , Vats Satish
Published: August 2023

Concept of Marma is one element of the divine Ayurvedic system of medicine. It is not much developed in modern
science. Acharya Sushruta and Vagbhata have elaborated it in detail in Sharir sthana of their respective Samhitas. They
have explained 107 such vital points, injury to which results either in death or some dangerous deformity. One among them is Lohitaksha marma
present in each limb. In the lower limb, It is present at the root of thigh at the region of femoral triangle. Injury at the site of this marma leads to
excessive blood loss, Pakshaghata and ultimately death occurs. After collecting information from various ancient texts and modern texts
Lohitaksha marma comes under the variety of vaikalyakara and the structures present at the site of Lohitaksha can be understood as femoral
vessels and nerve, supercial inguinal lymph nodes and two muscles psoas major and pectineus. Now a day's our life pattern is very fast and
competitive and road side accidents are very common. So it is very essential to understand the concept of Marma and its anatomy with physiology.
The main aim of this paper is to explore Anatomical structure of Lohitaksha marma present in lower limb and its applied aspect with modern
context.
FACIAL NERVE TRUNK VARIATIONS IN BENIGN PAROTID GLAND TUMORS- A COMBINED SURGICAL AND ANATOMICAL STUDY
Authors: Upasna Upasna , Kumar Ashwani , Dhamija Parth , Nagarajan Prasanth , Bhat Anusha
Published: August 2023

Introduction: The facial nerve is seventh cranial nerve out of the twelve pairs of cranial nerves. It is a mixed nerve with motor component having more signicance than its sensory counterpart. The nerve has a close relation to parotid gland where it's injury can occur during supercial parotidectomy. Various landmarks have been described for its identication in the parotid tissue. Aim: Material and The aim is to study the relationship of facial nerve with various landmarks along with its variations in parotid tumours. Methods: This was a prospective study which included 25 patients who underwent supercial parotidectomy in department of surgery and 50 cadaveric dissections in anatomy department of Rajindra Hospital, Patiala. The variations were grouped into 6 groups as described by Davis et al(1) and into 5 groups as described by Dargent and Duroux (2). Data was reported in terms of mean, standard deviation (SD) and percentages and was analyzed using SPSS version 22 and Microsoft Excel with the help of chi square, Fischer exact test etc. The study showed that as per Results: Davis et al (1), the most common type was type I and least common type was type V in cadavers whereas in live surgeries, type I and II were the most common and type IV, V and VI being the least common. Tympanomastoid suture was the most consistent and reliable landmark for the identication of the nerve. The present study establishes the variations in Conclusion: the branching patterns of the facial nerve as per Davis et al (1956)(1) and Dargent an Duroux (1946)(2) classication systems with tympanomastoid suture being the most reliable landmark followed by posterior belly of digastric
BEHAVIOURAL ASSESSMENT IN MALE WISTAR RATS: TRANSIENT MIDDLE CEREBRAL ARTERY OCCLUSION MODEL
Authors: Singh Sonam , Markam Yamini , M Balamurali
Published: August 2023

Background: Stroke is a leading neurological cause of morbidity and mortality. In a majority, the event is ischemic and
requires reperfusion. An animal model that replicates this is the Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion followed by
reperfusion by withdrawing the occluding monolament. We induced ischemia by blocking t Methods: he middle cerebral artery with a siliconcoated monolament that was withdrawn after 1-hour with pre and post behavioural assessment, rotarod test and hanging wire test. Results:
Neurological decit score, Behavioural assessment, rotarod test and hanging wire test showed reduced motor activity post middle cerebral artery
occlusion in all survived cases. In this study, we were able to replicat Conclusion: e transient ischemia-perfusion injury in rats and we would like
to use this model to study interventions that may assist in the differentiation and migration of neuronal stem cells into the injured area and are able
to functionally integrate with the nervous tissue. Our method of assessment may also help to determine whether the intervention is able to produce
functional improvement in the animals.
PINHOLE SURGICAL TECHNIQUE - A MINIMALLY INVASIVE APPROACH FOR MANAGEMENT OF GINGIVAL RECESSION USING INJECTABLE-PLATELET RICH FIBRIN (I-PRF): A CASE REPORT
Authors: Gopalakrishnan Pavithra , Rajaram Vijayalakshmi , Logaranjani Anitha , P Prashanthi , Mahendra Jaideep , N Ambalavanan
Published: August 2023

Treatment of gingival recession has become an important therapeutic issue due to increasing cosmetic demand. This case
report highlights the achievability of novel pinhole surgical technique (PST) in the treatment of gingival recession (GR)
along with injectable platelet rich brin (i- PRF). A 23-year-old systemically healthy male patient with Miller's class I GR were treated with PST. iPRF was procured from the patient's blood at the time of the surgery and used for the procedure. The follow-up was performed at 3-month
postsurgery. The percentage of root coverage was found to be statistically signicant with minimal complications.PST is a minimally invasive
surgical technique, which has given better results which are further augmented by the application of i-PRF. This technique provides a conservative
approach to treat the recession defects without any vertical releasing incision which results in scar formation, with less surgical time, postoperative bleeding, swelling and pain.
STUDY OF VISUAL OUTCOME AFTER NEODYMIUM YTTRIUM ALUMINUM GARNET LASER THERAPY FOR POSTERIOR CAPSULAR OPACITY
Authors: Gahlot Abha , Singh Divya , Naorem Holmes , Gupta Arpit
Published: August 2023

Background: Posterior capsular opacication (PCO) is the commonest late post-operative complication of cataract
surgery which is effectively treated with posterior capsulotomy by Neodymium yttrium aluminum garnet (Nd:YAG) laser
therapy. The present study was performed with the objective of evaluating the visual outcome in PCO after Nd:YAG laser therapy. Methodology:
It was a prospective interventional study conducted on 100 patients attending OPD of the department of Ophthalmology of a tertiary hospital in
Greater Noida during the period of October 2021 to January 2023. All the patient diagnosed with PCO following cataract surgery with PCIOL
implantation above the age of 40 years were included and Nd:YAG laser capsulotomy was performed. The study comprised of 100 Results:
patients, 42 males, and 58 females, with female to male ratio of 1.4:1 (female preponderance). The best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) post
capsulotomy was 6/18 to 6/6 in 92% of the patients. 6% of patients presented with complications & were treated medically. Nd-YAG Conclusion:
capsulotomy is a non-invasive, effective, relatively safe and economical procedure for the management of posterior capsular opacity.
“OUTCOME OF VARIABLES WITH RESPECT TO NON INVASIVE VENTILATOR IN TYPE 1 AND TYPE 2 RESPIRATORY FAILURE IN INTENSIVE CARE UNIT”
Authors: Gupta Manglesh , Agrawal Ankur , Labana Navdeep , Jain Piyu
Published: August 2023

The study aimed to investigate the predictive value of the quick sequential organ failure assessment (qSOFA),P/F ratio and
N:L ratio for clinical outcomes in emergency patients with respiratory failure. To compare the clinical Aim & Objective:
and laboratory parameters of patients being treated by non invasive ventilation in type1 and type 2 respiratory failure. Materials And
Methodology: Conclusions: This was a prospective study performed at tertiary care centre over period of 1.5 year. qSOFA was not inferior in
predicting the ICU-admission, ARDS and mortality of patients presenting in the ED with respiratory failure
A UNIQUE CASE OF BASAL CELL ADENOCARCINOMA EX PLEOMORPHIC ADENOMA
Authors: Kumar Duveep , Kandakure Vinod , Gujrathi Atishkumar , Paikrao Yogesh
Published: August 2023

Basal Cell Adenocarcinoma (BCA) is a low-grade malignancy usually found in parotid gland. It is theorized to originate
either from pleomorphic/monomorphic adenomas undergoing a malignant transformation or to arise de novo. Basal Cell
Adenocarcinoma (BCA) is a carcinoma arising from a primary or recurrent benign pleomorphic adenoma. It often poses a diagnostic challenge to
clinicians and pathologists. This study intends to review the literature and highlight the current clinical and surgical perspectives about this entity.
The proportion of adenoma and carcinoma components determines the macroscopic features of this neoplasm. The entity is difcult to diagnose
pre-operatively. Pathologic assessment is the gold standard for making the diagnosis. Treatment for BCA often involves surgical procedure which
may be followed by radiotherapy. Diagnosis and aggressive surgical management of patients presenting with BCA can increase their survival
rates. Molecular studies have showed that development of BCA follows a multi-step model of carcinogenesis, with the progressive loss of
heterozygosity at chromosomal arms 8q, then 12q and nally 17p. There are specic genes in regions that are associated with particular stages in
the progression of BCA. Many genes which regulate tumor suppression, cell cycle control, growth factors and cell–cell adhesion play a role in the
development and progression of BCA.
A COMPARISON OF TEMPORALIS FASCIA GRAFT AND CARTILAGE GRAFT IN TYPE 1 TYMPANOPLASTY
Authors: Narkhede Parag , Gupta Lovee , Lahane Ganesh
Published: August 2023

Objective: This study aimed to compare the results of cartilage graft and temporalis fascia graft in type I tympanoplasty in terms of hearing outcomes and graft integration/ uptake rate. We performed a prospect Methods: ive study on 60 patients undergoing type I tympanoplasty. The patients were divided into two groups according to the graft materials used. Age, sex, pre- and postoperative hearing levels, rate of graft success, hearing gain, and the postoperative graft failure rate were evaluated. We continued to follow-up the patients till 6 months after surgery. Cartilage tympanoplasty showed a higher graft uptake Results: rate than temporalis fascia tympanoplasty owing to cartilage's tensile strength and ability to survive in a relatively avascular condition. Although, temporalis fascia grafting showed a higher closure of post operative air bone gap, by both grafting methods signicant closure of air bone gap was found (>10dB) producing almost comparable hearing outcomes.
“ PREVALENCE OF ANEMIA AND ITS IMPACT ON MATERNAL AND FETAL OUTCOME: RETROSPECTIVE COHORT SINGLE-CENTER STUDY IN SAGAR
Authors: Biswas Diwashish , Kiran Naagar Jagrati , Banga Siftie , Mishra Nitu , Saad Talha , Singh Puja , Mishra Satyendra , Ilyas Mohammad , Marco Shashi , Dubey Smita
Published: August 2023

Background: The most common cause of anemia in pregnancy is iron deciency. During pregnancy, the demand for iron increases to support the growing fetus and placenta. If the mother's iron stores are inadequate, it can lead to anemia. Folate is essential for the production of red blood cells. Inadequate intake of folate-rich foods or poor absorption of folate can result in anemia. Vitamin B12 is necessary for the production of healthy red blood cells. A deciency in this vitamin can cause anemia, and it may be more common in vegetarians or individuals with certain gastrointestinal conditions. Certain chronic conditions, such as kidney disease or autoimmune disorders, can interfere with the production or lifespan of red blood cells, leading to anemia. Aims & objective: The present study was conducted to assess the prevalence of anemia during pregnancy and its impact on maternal and fetal outcomes. : 60 women w Materials & Methods ith singleton pregnancies admitted in labor in early and late pregnancy were enrolled. Anemia was classied based on the WHO criteria; HB concentration of <11 g/dl was considered anemia. HB concentration of 10–10.9 g/dl, 7–9.9 g/dl, and <7 g/dl was considered as mild, moderate, and severe anemia, respectively. Parameters such as gravida, type of family, education status, and duration of pregnancy was recorded. Out of 60 women, Results: 36 had anemia, Maximum women were seen in age group 21-30 years. 24 anemic had nuclear and 12 had joint family. Maximum anemic (18) were illiterate. 20 anemic had primi gravida and 16 had multigravida. 18 anemic had >24 weeks of duration of pregnancy. The difference was signicant (P< 0.05). Maternal complications were abortion in 1 normal and 5 anemic women, preterm labour in 2 normal and 3 anemic women, pre- eclampsia in 2 anemic and PPH in 1 normal and 4 anemic. Neonatal complications was LBW in 3 and 8, prematurity in 1 and 3, NICU admission in 1 and 5 and death in 3 normal and anemic women respectively. The difference was signicant (P< 0.05). There was Conclusion: high prevalence of anemia during pregnancy. Pregnancy-related severe anaemia is linked to poor maternal and perinatal outcomes. It is one of the indirect causes of maternal death that can be prevented. Adolescent education, routine prenatal exams, early detection and treatment, and avoidance of too-late, too-early, too-frequent, and too-many pregnancies are all important.
FASTING PLASMA ADIPONECTIN LEVELS IN YOUNG NON DIABETIC INDIVIDUALS WITH AND WITHOUT FAMILY HISTORY OF DIABETES MELLITUS
Authors: P. C. Sindu. , Jacob Jose , Ameen. A. S Al
Published: August 2023

Introduction: Adiponectin is a hormone secreted by the adipose tissue into blood circulation. Blood levels of
adiponectin were found to be reduced in obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus in humans. Adiponectin has also been linked
to insulin resistance associated with high fat diet and obesity. To det Aim: ermine fasting adiponectin levels, young non diabetic males and
females with and without family history of diabetes mellitus The present c Materials and methods: ross sectional study was conducted at the
Department of Biochemistry, Amala Institute of Medical Sciences, Thrissur, Kerala. Clinically healthy males and females between 18 and 25
years of age, were included in the study. Participants were asked to ll out a questionnaire with personal information, family history of type 2
diabetes mellitus and other relevant information. Blood samples were collected and fasting serum glucose, serum insulin and serum adiponectin
were estimated. Fasting adiponectin levels were determined along with Results and Discussion: fasting insulin and glucose in young non
diabetic individuals between 18 – 25 years of age with and without family history of diabetes mellitus. The relationship between fasting
adiponectin, family history of diabetes mellitus and fasting glucose and insulin were evaluated. Fasting adiponectin was found to be signicantly
and negatively correlating with factors that were directly related to insulin, such as fasting glucose, family history of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Conclusion: Higher level of adiponectin and lower level of insulin seen in young non diabetic individuals with family history of type 2 diabetes
mellitus show that plasma adiponectin levels have a strong genetic predisposition.
Effects of Dexamethasone on Body Weights and Some Physiological Parameters in different Sexes of Chinchilla Rabbits (Oryctalagus Lanigere)
Authors: Yahi D. , Saleh C., , Mbaya Y.P. , Malgwi K.D. , Umaru B. , Mahre M.B.
Published: August 2023

Rabbits are fast producing and fast-growing animals. In ancient times, they were mainly bred for household meat consumption. Nowadays, they are rare not only for household meat consumption, but also for commercial and research purposes. One of the commonly used and cost-effective drugs that are employed to effectively treat inflammatory disease conditions in rabbits is dexamethasone. There are conflicting reports on the effects of dexamethasone on bodyweight and vital parameters in different species of animals. However, influence of dexamethasone on rabbits with regard to these parameters have not been investigated. Twenty adult chinchilla rabbits comprising 10 does and 10 buck were used for this study. After acclimatization, the animals were randomly separated into 4 groups of 5 each. Accordingly, the groups were as follows: Dexamethasone treated males, non-dexamethasone treated male, Dexamethasone treated females, and non-dexamethasone treated females. Dexamethasone injection was given at 0.25 mg/kg body weight. Body weights, rectal temperatures, respiratory and pulse rates were measured daily in each animal at resting state using standard methods. There was no significant (p>0.05) difference in rectal temperatures between the untreated and dexamethasone treated groups in either of the sexes during the study. Body weights, respiratory and pulse rates increased significantly (p<0.05) in dexamethasone treated groups in both sexes compared to their respective controlled groups. It was concluded that dexamethasone increased body weights, respiratory and pulse rates in Chinchilla rabbits. Effects of dexamethasone on these parameters were not sex dependent
Retrospective Prevalence Study of Mange Cases in Dogs Presented with Skin Lesions/Conditions at the Veterinary Teaching Hospital, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria (2007 to 2019)
Authors: Akpan M. O. , Olaogun S. C. , Akinniyi O. O
Published: August 2023

Canine mange is a skin disease caused by mites that causes itching, alopecia, crusted lesions, and erythema. Studies on canine mange have been carried out in various countries, but in Nigeria, there is a dearth of studies regarding the prevalence of mange in dogs with skin lesions/conditions. The present study was aimed at determining the prevalence of mange cases in dogs presented with skin lesions/conditions at the Veterinary Teaching Hospital, University of Ibadan, Nigeria, between 2007 and 2019 (a twelve-year period). A total of 179 cases of skin lesions/conditions were retrieved from clinical case files of dogs presented to the Veterinary Teaching Hospital, with age, breed, and sex being part of the records considered. Descriptive statistics were used in calculating prevalence, while a chi square was used to test for association. Of the 179 cases, mange was the most prevalent (87.2%; 95% CI: 82.1%–91.6%). Out of these cases of mange, 92.9% (95% CI: 89.1%–96.8%) had scabies, while 7.1% (95% CI: 3.2%–10.9%) had demodicosis. There was no significant association (P > 0.05) between mange and breed or sex. The prevalence of mange was highest in old dogs (96.2%) and lowest in adult dogs (78.3%). There was a significant association between the prevalence of mange and age (P < 0.05). Canine mange is highly prevalent in dogs with skin lesions/conditions presented to the Veterinary Teaching Hospital. Dog owners should spray or dip their pets with an acaricide solution on a frequent basis to reduce mange cases. Fumigation of dog kennels and homes will also help reduce the recurrence.
Bovine Sero- surveillance of Foot- and – Mouth Disease in Four States in Nigeria
Authors: Fomenky B , Wungak Y.S. , Ehizibolo D.O. , Sada A. , Oyekan O.A. , Inuwa B. , Anyika K.C. , Nfon C. , Ularamu G.H
Published: August 2023

Animals with cloven hooves are susceptible to highly contagious foot and mouth disease (FMD). FMD epidemics have affected several underdeveloped countries, including Nigeria. The migration of pastoralist animals has been linked to FMD transmission in Nigeria, and surveillance is essential for assessing the threat and impact of FMD, as well as the emergence of PCP-FMD. Here, we report the sero-surveillance of FMD in cattle in four states in Nigeria in 2019. Sera collected from four states (Anambra, Enugu, Imo, and Katsina) were tested for antibodies against FMD non-structural protein (NSP), with an overall prevalence of 45%. Significantly higher seroprevalence was recorded in Imo (63%), followed by Kastina (56%), Anambra (29%), and Enugu (6%). An overall serotype-specific prevalence of 81%, 35 %, 50 %, and 35% was recorded for serotypes O, A, 50% for SAT 2, and SAT 1, respectively. Furthermore, circulating antibodies against four serotypes of FMDV were found in 16% of sera samples, 20% had antibodies against three circulating serotypes, 33% had antibodies against two serotypes, and 25% showed exposure to only one serotype, indicating exposure to multiple FMD serotypes. These findings demonstrate the presence of FMDV antibodies in cattle across all surveyed states, which may be related to the presence of multiple FMDV serotypes (O, A, SAT1and SAT2) and concurrent co-infection in these states. Therefore, there is a need for the continuous surveillance of FMD in Nigeria. This will help ascertain the burden of the disease and enable the implementation of necessary control measures to stop its potential transmission and further spread. This sero-surveillance data expands our understanding of the FMD situation in Nigeria and is crucial for determining the country’s FMD risk in order to advance the PCP-FMD.
Bupivacaine, Ketamine And Bupivacaine – Ketamine Epidural Anaesthesia In Bitches Undergoing Ovariohysterectomy
Authors: Zaifada A. U., , Muhammad S. , Yusuf Z. B. , Abidoye E. O. , Hassan A. Z
Published: August 2023

This research was conducted to analyze the analgesic effects of bupivacaine, ketamine and bupivacaine–ketamine combination on bitches undergoing ovariohysterectomy, and determine a suitable regional anaesthesia. Fifteen (15) apparently healthy bitches, aged 8-12 months and weighing 10 – 15kg were procured within and around Zaria, Kaduna State for this experiment. The animals were grouped into three (3), A, B and C, screened and allowed to acclimatize to the new environment. Premedication was instituted with 0.02 mg/kg atropine sulphate and 1mg/kg Xylazine. Group A was administered an epidural injection of 0.5 % bupivacaine hydrochloride at 1 mg/kg, Group B was administered an epidural injection of 50 mg/ml ketamine hydrochloride at 2 mg/kg and Group C was administered an epidural injection of bupivacaine and ketamine combination at 0.5mg/kg and 1 mg/kg respectively. Analgesic indices determined were time to sphincter relaxation, the onset of action, duration of analgesia and duration of muscle relaxation. A standard ovariohysterectomy procedure was carried out at the onset of analgesia on each experimental animal, lasting an average of 45 minutes. Bitches in the bupivacaine group took a longer time (73 ± 18.0 secs) to sphincter relaxation which was significantly different from the other groups. Ketamine took the shortest amount of time (15 ± 3.0 secs) which was almost immediate. The onset of analgesia was the shortest (3 ± 1.0 mins) in group B with ketamine only. The combination of ketamine and bupivacaine produced a longer duration (121 ± 7.0 mins) of analgesia and significant muscle relaxation (110 ± 20.0 mins). The combination of bupivacaine and ketamine produced superior analgesic effects than those of bupivacaine or ketamine alone used for epidural injection, and sufficient for painful surgeries such as ovariohysterectomy in dogs.
Resource Optimization for Integrated Terrestrial Non-Terrestrial Networks Involving IRS
Authors: Khan Wali Ullah , Mahmood Asad , lagunas Eva , Chatzinotas Symeon , Ottersten Bjorn , Jamshed Muhammad Ali
Published: August 2023

Intelligent reconfigurable surfaces (RIS) have emerged as one of the most promising and cost-effective technologies due to their high energy efficiency, extended wireless coverage, enhanced signal strength, and interference mitigation capability. This paper provides a new framework of cognitive radio-based integrated terrestrial non-terrestrial networks (ITNTNs) involving IRS. The objective is to maximize the achievable sum rate of the secondary network by simultaneously optimizing the transmission power, user association, phase shift design of IRS and 2D placement of UAVs while controlling the co-channel interference temperature to the primary network. The problem is formulated as non-convex/non-linear due to interference and decision variables which makes it NP-hard and intractable. To reduce the complexity and make the problem tractable, we first decouple it into subproblems and iteratively obtain an efficient solution. Numerical results demonstrate that the proposed optimization scheme converges within a few iterations and achieves high sum rate than the benchmark suboptimal schemes.
A Methodical Study of Deep Learning Based Video Super-Resolution
Authors: Agrahari Baniya Arbind , Lee Glory , Eklund Peter , Aryal Sunil
Published: August 2023

Video super-resolution (VSR) is a prominent research topic in low-level computer vision, where deep learning technologies have played a significant role. The rapid progress in deep learning and its applications in VSR has led to a proliferation of tools and techniques in the literature. However, the usage of these methods is often not adequately explained, and decisions are primarily driven by quantitative improvements. Given the significance of VSR's potential influence across multiple domains, it is imperative to conduct a comprehensive analysis of the elements and deep learning methodologies employed in VSR research. This methodical analysis will facilitate the informed development of models tailored to specific application needs. In this paper, we present a comprehensive overview of deep learning-based video super-resolution models, investigating each component and discussing its implications. Furthermore, we provide a synopsis of key components and technologies employed by state-of-the-art and earlier VSR models. By elucidating the underlying methodologies and categorising them systematically, we identified trends, requirements, and challenges in the domain. As a first-of-its-kind comprehensive overview of deep learning-based VSR models, this work also establishes a multi-level taxonomy to guide current and future VSR research, enhancing the maturation and interpretation of VSR practices for various practical applications.
Contextualizing Climate Change Solutions Through the Deployment of Cooperative Artificial Intelligence (AI) Agents
Authors: Ogbaga Ignatius , Christiana Ezeanya
Published: August 2023

Climate change presents one of the most significant challenges facing humanity in the 21st century. Mitigating its impacts and developing sustainable solutions requires a multidisciplinary approach that leverages advanced technologies. This paper proposed the deployment of cooperative Artificial Intelligence (AI) agents as a viable strategy for contextualizing solutions to climate change. Firstly, it explored the use of AI agents in analyzing climate data, predicting future trends, and informing decision-making processes. This data-driven approach can help policymakers, scientists, and stakeholders to better understand the complex dynamics of climate change and design effective mitigation and adaptation strategies. This research also addressed ethical considerations associated with the deployment of AI agents in climate change contexts. It emphasized the importance of transparent and accountable AI systems, ensuring that their decisions align with human values and priorities. Additionally, it discussed the need for interdisciplinary collaboration to guide the development and deployment of AI agents, fostering inclusivity, fairness, and equitable access to AI technologies. Finally, this paper highlighted the potential of cooperative AI agents as a powerful tool for contextualizing solutions to climate change. By harnessing their analytical capabilities, adaptability, and collaboration potential, these agents can facilitate evidence-based decision-making, optimize resource management, and support the transition to a sustainable future. However, it also emphasizes the importance of addressing ethical concerns and fostering responsible AI development to ensure that AI agents serve as enablers rather than substitutes for human judgment and action. 
Unilateral Incomplete Bifid Ureter with UPJ Syndromes: A Case Report
Authors: Moustapha A. M. , Aitouali R. , Abouqadoum A. , Lakmichi M. A. , Dahami Z. , Sarf I.
Published: August 2023

Introduction: The ureters are muscular tubes that extend from the kidneys to the urinary bladder. The urine is propelled along the ureter by peristaltic contraction of the muscle coat, assisted by the filtration pressure of the glomeruli. Bifid ureter (BU) are rare congenital anomalies. Is a condition in which the ureter is duplicated, and it can be classified into complete (when they join separately at the urinary bladder) or incomplete –Y ureter- (When they fuse at some point in their trajectory). In the literature, the prevalence of duplicated ureter approximately 0.8%. Case: A 39-year-old woman was presented with history of chronic right-side flank pain and not associated with other urological symptoms. Physical examination revealed right flank tenderness and normal renal function test; urine culture was negative. Contrast- enhanced computed tomography showed right bifid ureters associated with moderate right hydronephrosis with a fine ureters evoking ureteropelvic junction syndromes (UPJ). Cystoscopy with retrograde pyelography revealed a right bifid ureter. The patient consented to open surgery by right mini-incision lombotomy (pyelotmy and anastomos peylo-ureteal latero-lateral) which is after a double-J ureteral stent was placed in the normal right ureter. The postoperative follow up was good. Conclusion: The BU with ureteropelvic junction syndromes are rare congenital anomalies. It is very important to diagnose urinary tract anomalies prior to interventions and supplementary evaluations should be considered. Retrograde pylogram can be a good tool than intravenous pylogram to detect such anomaly. The management can be open or laparoscopic.
Idiopathic Scrotal Calcinosis: Surgical Treatment of a Rare Cutaneous Disorder
Authors: Houssaini H. Sqalli , Hmidi C. , Ezzaim S. , Moutahir I. , Hafidi J. , Gharib N. , Abbassi A. , Mazouz S. El
Published: August 2023

Idiopathic scrotal calcinosis is a rare, painless and benign disease characterized by the presence of multiple painless calcified nodules of the scrotum with no abnormalities of phosphocalcic metabolism. The main reason for consult among patients is the aesthetic discomfort. Histology shows basophilic calcium deposits in the scrotal dermis and calcified fibroids surrounded by foreign body giant cell granulomas. Treatment is based on surgical removal of the nodules. We report the case of a 27-year-old patient with no notable pathological history who consulted for multiple cystic nodular lesions of the scrotum, painless and non- infected, with no notion of previous trauma, evolving for 12 years. The patient underwent surgical removal of the scrotal nodules under local anesthesia. No recurrence was noted; the follow-up was one year. After a review of the literature, we discuss the pathogenic, clinical and therapeutic aspects of this poorly understood pathology.
Absence of Horizontal Fissure, Middle Lobe Fusion and Anomalous Appearance of Mediastinal Surface of Right Lungs: A Rare Case Report
Authors: Devi Sanjana , Gupta Monika
Published: August 2023

Anatomical variations of lungs in the form of presence of any extra lobe or absence of anatomical lobe, fissures of lungs are important to know to avoid injuries during surgeries related to lungs and associated structures. In this case report absence of middle lobe and horizontal fissure in two right lungs extracted from male cadaver during routine dissection in the Anatomy department, Adesh institute of medical sciences and research, Bathinda, Punjab, India was noted and reported. Every anatomical structure in left side lung of same cadaver was found normal. Also in one abnormal right lung, gross appearance of right lung was looked like left lung. Anatomical knowledge and statistics of every type of variations are important for anatomists for teaching purposes and for surgeons while performing lobectomies, surgical resections of segments of lungs and for radiological interpretations.
The Traumatic Hand by Spinning Top: About 7 Patients and review of the Literature
Authors: Abakka M. , Baidriss Y. , Ouagari H. El , Loughzail R. , Mekkaoui M. J. , Bouffetal M. , Bassir R. A. , Kharmaze M. , Lamrani M. O. , Berrada M. S.
Published: August 2023

The traumatic hand by spinning top occurs frequently in developing countries. It tends to occur in young people, leading to psychologic and socio-economic disability and loss. In this series of 7 patients, the middle age was 37 years. The left hand was involved in 72% and was treated in the Department of Traumatology and Orthopedic Surgery affiliated to Ibn Sina Hospital in Rabat. These accidents are correlated with somnolence and lack of vigilance. The most frequent causes are absence of security systems and heterogeneity of the wood but also the unpredictability of the machines used in butchery. Prevention in this pathology is considered the main treatment.
Brachial Biceps Tendon Rupture: About A Case and Review of the Literature
Authors: Abakka M. , Ouagari H. El , Baidriss Y. , Loughzail R. , Mekkaoui M. J. , Bouffetal M. , Bassir R. A. , Kharmaze M. , Lamrani M. O. , Berrada M. S.
Published: August 2023

Distal ruptures of the biceps brachial tendon are rare, estimated at 1.2 ruptures per 100,000 patients per year, in a male population between 40 and 50 years old. The mechanism is most of the time post-traumatic by excentric contraction of the biceps and results in its disinsertion from radial tuberosity. Sometimes trauma can be minor due to tendon histological changes observed after 35 years, which weaken the tendon insertions and the presence of a hypo vascularized zone in the terminal part of the biceps brachial tendon. The absence of surgical reinsertion of the distal tendon of the brachial biceps muscle leads to little clinical outcome satisfactory with loss of strength in flexion and supination of the forearm and sometimes disabling residual pain.
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: Female Versus Male
Authors: Rhandour Widad , Oubelkacem Pr. Naoual , Masrour Hajar , Khammar Pr. Zineb , Berrady Pr. Rhizlane
Published: August 2023

Introduction: Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease, uncommon in men. The study of gender differences in SLE has been the subject of several publications. The main aim of our study is to identify gender differences in terms of clinical manifestations, immunological profile, activity score, and disease evolution in our Moroccan population. Results: We analyzed 279 patients (21 men versus 258 women), with a mean age at diagnosis of 37.54 +/- 23.39 years for women and 42.74 +/- 16.33 years for men. A comparison of clinical and immunological manifestations showed that male patients had a higher prevalence of renal involvement, lymphopenia, leukopenia, and general signs, but the difference was not significant. However, we did establish a significant correlation between male sex and cardiac involvement (P=0.013) as well as neuropsychiatric involvement (P=0.05). We also observed a significant association with anti-SSA antibodies (p=0.007). Dermatological and articular events were more frequent in women than in men, with a statistically significant association between female gender and photosensitivity (p=0.037). There was also a statistically significant correlation between women with RNP antibodies (p = 0.016) and anti-native DNA antibodies (p=0.047). The outcome was good in 67% of men (vs. 86.2% p=0.802), with response to treatment and control of the disease, and poor in 33% of men (vs. 13.9% %, p=0.019). Conclusions: Our study reveals the influence of gender on certain clinical manifestations of SLE. Dermatological and articular manifestations are more frequent in women, whereas men present a more severe disease, with a higher frequency of renal, cardiac, and neurological involvement.
The Effect of Intracuff Low Dose Alkalinized Lidocaine With and Without Dexamethasone on Extubation Response: A Prospective, Double-Blind, Randomized Control Trial
Authors: A Divya Dinakar , HD Arun Kumar , Mathew Shaji , Shenoy Laxmi , Rao Madhu
Published: August 2023

Background: Intubation with a cuffed endotracheal tube is the gold standard for securing a definitive airway. Bucking over the tube during extubation can result in a potentially dangerous hemodynamic response. Tracheal tube cuff can be used as a reservoir for drugs to blunt this response. Lidocaine, a local anesthetic can achieve this by anesthetizing the airway. Dexamethasone has been known to potentiate the effect of lidocaine and has an intrinsic anti-inflammatory property. Methods: A prospective double-blind randomized control trial was conducted in a tertiary hospital for patients undergoing elective surgeries under general anesthesia requiring endotracheal intubation. Sixty patients were randomized equally into one of three groups. Cuff was inflated with saline (Group-S), 40 mg alkalinized lidocaine (Group-L), 40 mg alkalinized lidocaine with 8 mg dexamethasone (Group-LD). Heart rate, blood pressure and bucking were recorded during extubation, and post-operative sore throat were assessed. Results: All groups were comparable with regard to demographics, quantity of drug instilled in the cuff, duration of extubation and baseline hemodynamics. Group-L had the lowest incidence of hemodynamic changes during extubation, even lower than Group-LD. (p=0.020). Group-L and Group-LD had a lower incidence of bucking when compared to placebo (p<0.001). Both Group-L and Group-LD revealed a lower grade of sore throat in the early post-operative period. Conclusion: Instilling endotracheal tube cuff with 40 mg alkalinized significantly blunts hemodynamic response and bucking during extubation, and sore throat in the early post-operative period compared to placebo. Addition of 8 mg dexamethasone does not improve hemodynamic extubation response.
An Ecological Assessment of Tree Species Diversity, Richness and Status in Faculty of Agriculture Shabu-Lafia, Nasarawa State University Keffi, Nasarawa State Nigeria
Authors: M Soba T. , S Abdulazeez B. , A Clement S. , I Ndagi H. , O Ibrahim I.
Published: August 2023

Trees are very important to mankind in different capacity. This study was carried out to assess the diversity, richness and status of tree species in Faculty of Agriculture Shabu-Lafia Campus Nasarawa State Keffi, Northern Nigeria. The study area was divided in four independent site. A line transect of 1000M were established at each site by passing through the center of the site along which 10 sample plots of 50 m × 50 m in size were established in alternate position along each transect at 80m interval. Species diversity richness were measured using Shannon-Weiner index (H) and Margalef species richness index (D), respectively, percentage relative density was used to measure trees status. Thirty six (36) tree species belonging to twenty one (21) families were recorded. Family Fabaceae had the highest number of species. From the results of the study invasive tree species are the most dominat. The Shannon-Weiner diversity index (H) were 2.74 for total site, 2.18 for site A, 2.10 for site B, 2.24 for site C and 2.29 for site D. The Margalef species richness index (D) values for the species were; total site = 4.89, site A = 2.66, Site B = 2.60, Site C = 2.28 and Site D = 2.50. The result of the status showed that 19.44% of tree species were abundant, 5.55% of the species were occasional, 27.77% of the trees species were rare, and 47.22% were threaten or endanger. In conclusion tree species diversity ranging 1.5-3.5 is in line with standard. The tree species richness is low. Majority of the species were either rare or endanger. The study recommended that, there should be legislation against felling or cutting down of any tree that is ≥ 10cm in diameter be it local or invasive species in the study area. Annual enrichment planting of trees species should be adopted. Awareness on the potential ecological benefits of tree stands on farmlands to the people within and surrounding the study area will play a vital role in conserving the tree species.
The Mediating Role of Attitude on the Effect of Online Information Sources on Used Car Purchase Intention
Authors: Kesuma T. Meldi , Wahyuni Sri , Siregar M. Ridha , Muzamil Abdul
Published: August 2023

This study examined the effect of online information sources from electronic word-of-mouth (e-WOM), neutral websites, and manufacturers’ websites on the intention to buy used cars, which was aimed at the citizens of Banda Aceh, who used online information sources to find information about vehicles before purchasing. The respondents were prospective car buyers. The sample used was selected through non-probability sampling with a purposive sampling technique. Two hundred questionnaires were distributed to respondents, and then the data was processed using SmartPLS 3.0 software. The results of this study indicated that sources of information from electronic word-of-mouth (e-WOM), neutral websites, and manufacturers’ websites significantly influence consumer purchase intentions.
Boosting Lecturers Performance through Leadership Development and Organizational Culture
Authors: Noor M. Irawan , Kustiani Lilik , Supanto Fajar
Published: August 2023

Lecturers are academics or educators at tertiary institutions or other higher education institutions. The main role of a lecturer is to convey the knowledge and experience of the lecturer to students through teaching in the classroom, guiding students in learning and research activities, and providing academic direction. In addition to teaching duties, a lecturer is also often involved in scientific research and development activities. The aims of this study are as follows: To analyze the influence of leadership and organizational culture on lecturer performance. The population in this study were all certification lecturers on campuses domiciled in Bekasi which are within the government higher education institutions and the sample of this study was 148 as many as 236 people. The research results show. ≤0.05 means that leadership and organizational culture have a positive effect on lecturer performance. Coefficient. standardized regression weights, for leadership of 0.225, organizational culture of 0.202, and competence of 0.296; significant leadership, organizational culture, and competence affect the performance of lecturers, thus the hypothesis is proven that leadership and organizational culture affect the performance of lecturers. Practical contributions recommend that with increased leadership, universities can provide training and leadership development to academic leaders or administrators. Effective leadership must be able to inspire, provide clear direction, facilitate good communication, and motivate lecturers to achieve organizational goals.