bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Reference Grammar of Modern Standard Arabic
Authors: Ryding Karin C.
Published: May 2012

A Reference Grammar of Modern Standard Arabic is a comprehensive handbook on the structure of Arabic. Keeping technical terminology to a minimum, it provides a detailed yet accessible overview of Modern Standard Arabic in which the essential aspects of its phonology, morphology and syntax can be readily looked up and understood. Accompanied by extensive carefully-chosen examples, it will prove invaluable as a practical guide for supporting students' textbooks, classroom work or self-study, and will also be a useful resource for scholars and professionals wishing to develop an understanding of the key features of the language. Grammar notes are numbered for ease of reference, and a section is included on how to use an Arabic dictionary, as well as helpful glossaries of Arabic and English linguistic terms and a useful bibliography. Clearly structured and systematically organised, this book is set to become the standard guide to the grammar of contemporary Arabic.
Versions of Antihumanism
Authors: Fish Stanley
Published: May 2012

Stanley Fish, one of the foremost critics of literature working today, has spent much of his career writing and thinking about Milton. This book brings together his finest published work with brand new material on Milton and on other authors and topics in early modern literature. In his analyses of Renaissance texts, he meditates on the interpretive problems that confront readers and offers a sustained critique of historicist methods of interpretation. Intention, he argues, is key to understanding which pieces of historical data are relevant to literary criticism. Lucid, provocative, direct and inimitable, this new book from Stanley Fish is required reading for anyone teaching or studying Milton and early modern literary studies.
Intellectual Culture in Medieval Paris
Authors: Wei Ian P.
Published: May 2012

In the thirteenth century, the University of Paris emerged as a complex community with a distinctive role in society. This book explores the relationship between contexts of learning and the ways of knowing developed within them, focusing on twelfth-century schools and monasteries, as well as the university. By investigating their views on money, marriage and sex, Ian Wei reveals the complexity of what theologians had to say about the world around them. He analyses the theologians' sense of responsibility to the rest of society and the means by which they tried to communicate and assert their authority. In the late thirteenth and early fourteenth centuries, however, their claims to authority were challenged by learned and intellectually sophisticated women and men who were active outside as well as inside the university and who used the vernacular - an important phenomenon in the development of the intellectual culture of medieval Europe.
Platonic Drama and its Ancient Reception
Authors: Charalabopoulos Nikos G.
Published: May 2012

As prose dramatic texts Plato's dialogues would have been read by their original audience as an alternative type of theatrical composition. The 'paradox' of the dialogue form is explained by his appropriation of the discourse of theatre, the dominant public mode of communication of his time. The oral performance of his works is suggested both by the pragmatics of the publication of literary texts in the classical period and by his original role as a Sokratic dialogue-writer and the creator of a fourth dramatic genre. Support comes from a number of pieces of evidence, from a statue of Sokrates in the Academy (fourth century BC) to a mosaic of Sokrates in Mytilene (fourth century AD), which point to a centuries-old tradition of treating the dialogues in the context of performance literature and testify to the significance of the image of 'Plato the prose dramatist' for his original and subsequent audiences.
The Shaping of German Identity
Authors: Scales Len
Published: May 2012

German identity began to take shape in the late Middle Ages during a period of political weakness and fragmentation for the Holy Roman Empire, the monarchy under which most Germans lived. Between the thirteenth and fifteenth centuries, the idea that there existed a single German people, with its own lands, language and character, became increasingly widespread, as was expressed in written works of the period. This book - the first on its subject in any language - poses a challenge to some dominant assumptions of current historical scholarship: that early European nation-making inevitably took place within the developing structures of the institutional state; and that, in the absence of such structural growth, the idea of a German nation was uniquely, radically and fatally retarded. In recounting the formation of German identity in the late Middle Ages, this book offers an important new perspective both on German history and on European nation-making.
Advances in Irrigation Agronomy
Authors: Carr M. K. V. , Lockwood Rob , Knox Jerry
Published: May 2012

Irrigation has been used for thousands of years to maximize the performance, efficiency and profitability of crops and it is a science that is constantly evolving. This potential for improved crop yields has never been more important as population levels and demand for food continue to grow. Recognising the need for a coherent and accessible review of international irrigation research, this book examines the factors influencing water productivity in individual crops. It focuses on nine key plantation/industrial crops on which millions of people in the tropics and subtropics depend for their livelihoods (banana, cocoa, coconut, coffee, oil palm, rubber, sisal, sugar cane and tea). Linking crop physiology, agronomy and irrigation practices, this is a valuable resource for planners, irrigation engineers, agronomists and producers concerned with the international need to improve water productivity in agriculture in the face of increased pressure on water resources.
Morphosyntactic Change
Authors: Los Bettelou , Blom Corrien , Booij Geert , Elenbaas Marion , Kemenade Ans van
Published: May 2012

Particle verbs (combinations of two words but lexical units) are a notorious problem in linguistics. Is a particle verb like look up one word or two? It has its own entry in dictionaries, as if it is one word, but look and up can be split up in a sentence: we can say He looked the information up and He looked up the information. But why can't we say He looked up it? In English look and up can only be separated by a direct object, but in Dutch the two parts can be separated over a much longer distance. How did such hybrid verbs arise and how do they function? How can we make sense of them in modern theories of language structure? This book sets out to answer these and other questions, explaining how these verbs fit into the grammatical systems of English and Dutch.
Reforming Justice
Authors: Armytage Livingston
Published: May 2012

Despite the disappointing results of fifty years of judicial reform, evidence from Asia suggests that a shift in justice reform efforts could result in important progress being made. Livingston Armytage argues that reform should focus on promoting fairness and equity, as opposed to economic growth and good governance. Justice is constitutive to human wellbeing and cannot be trumped by economics. Finding a balance between utility and aggregate wellbeing on the one hand and equity and individual wellbeing on the other is at the crux of this important book.
Overcoming Learning Disabilities
Authors: Akhutina Tatiana V. , Pylaeva Natalia M.
Published: May 2012

Based on the ideas of Russian psychologists Lev Vygotsky and Alexander Luria, this book explores methods of preventing or overcoming learning disabilities. Tatiana V. Akhutina and Natalia M. Pylaeva build on Vygotsky and Luria's sociocultural theory and their principle of a systemic structure and dynamic organization of higher mental functions. They focus on the interactive scaffolding of the weak components of the child's functional systems, the transition from joint child-adult co-actions, and the emotional involvement of the child. The authors discuss effective ways to remediate issues with attention, executive functions (working memory and cognitive control) and spatial and visual-verbal functions. Overcoming Learning Disabilities translates complex problems into easily understandable concepts useful to school psychologists, special and general education teachers, and parents of children with learning disabilities.
Governance of Global Financial Markets
Authors: Avgouleas Emilios
Published: May 2012

The recent financial crisis proved that pre-existing arrangements for the governance of global markets were flawed. With reform underway in the USA, the EU and elsewhere, Emilios Avgouleas explores some of the questions associated with building an effective governance system and analyses the evolution of existing structures. By critiquing the soft law structures dominating international financial regulation and examining the roles of financial innovation and the neo-liberal policies in the expansion of global financial markets, he offers a new epistemological reading of the causes of the global financial crisis. Requisite reforms leave serious gaps in cross-border supervision, in the resolution of global financial institutions and in the monitoring of risk originating in the shadow banking sector. To close these gaps and safeguard the stability of the international financial system, an evolutionary governance system is proposed that will also enhance the welfare role of global financial markets.
Voices of the People in Nineteenth-Century France
Authors: Hopkin David
Published: May 2012

This innovative study of the lives of ordinary people – peasants, fishermen, textile workers – in nineteenth-century France demonstrates how folklore collections can be used to shed new light on the socially marginalized. David Hopkin explores the ways in which people used traditional genres such as stories, songs and riddles to highlight problems in their daily lives and give vent to their desires without undermining the two key institutions of their social world – the family and the community. The book addresses recognized problems in social history such as the division of power within the peasant family, the maintenance of communal bonds in competitive environments, and marriage strategies in unequal societies, showing how social and cultural history can be reconnected through the study of individual voices recorded by folklorists. Above all, it reveals how oral culture provided mechanisms for the poor to assert some control over their own destinies.
Nonlinear Perron–Frobenius Theory
Authors: Lemmens Bas , Nussbaum Roger
Published: May 2012

In the past several decades the classical Perron–Frobenius theory for nonnegative matrices has been extended to obtain remarkably precise and beautiful results for classes of nonlinear maps. This nonlinear Perron–Frobenius theory has found significant uses in computer science, mathematical biology, game theory and the study of dynamical systems. This is the first comprehensive and unified introduction to nonlinear Perron–Frobenius theory suitable for graduate students and researchers entering the field for the first time. It acquaints the reader with recent developments and provides a guide to challenging open problems. To enhance accessibility, the focus is on finite dimensional nonlinear Perron–Frobenius theory, but pointers are provided to infinite dimensional results. Prerequisites are little more than basic real analysis and topology.
Truth Commissions and Criminal Courts
Authors: Bisset Alison
Published: May 2012

This detailed evaluation of the relationship between trials and truth commissions challenges their assumed compatibility through an analysis of their operational features at national, inter-state and international levels. Alison Bisset conducts case-study analyses of national practice in South Africa, East Timor and Sierra Leone, evaluates the problems posed by the International Criminal Court and considers the challenges presented by the possibility of bystander state prosecutions. At each level, she highlights potential operational conflicts and formulates targeted proposals to enable effective coexistence.
Graphene
Authors: Katsnelson Mikhail I.
Published: May 2012

Graphene is the thinnest known material, a sheet of carbon atoms arranged in hexagonal cells a single atom thick, and yet stronger than diamond. It has potentially significant applications in nanotechnology, 'beyond-silicon' electronics, solid-state realization of high-energy phenomena and as a prototype membrane which could revolutionise soft matter and 2D physics. In this book, leading graphene research theorist Mikhail Katsnelson presents the basic concepts of graphene physics. Topics covered include Berry phase, topologically protected zero modes, Klein tunneling, vacuum reconstruction near supercritical charges, and deformation-induced gauge fields. The book also introduces the theory of flexible membranes relevant to graphene physics and discusses electronic transport, optical properties, magnetism and spintronics. Standard undergraduate-level knowledge of quantum and statistical physics and solid state theory is assumed. This is an important textbook for graduate students in nanoscience and nanotechnology and an excellent introduction for physicists and materials science researchers working in related areas.
Belgium and the Congo, 1885–1980
Authors: Vanthemsche Guy
Published: May 2012

While the impact of a colonising metropole on subjected territories has been widely scrutinized, the effect of empire on the colonising country has long been neglected. Recently, many studies have examined the repercussions of their respective empires on colonial powers such as the United Kingdom and France. Belgium and its African empire have been conspicuously absent from this discussion. This book attempts to fill this gap. Belgium and the Congo, 1885–1980 examines the effects of colonialism on the domestic politics, diplomacy and economics of Belgium, from 1880 - when King Leopold II began the country's expansionist enterprises in Africa - to the 1980s, well after the Congo's independence in June of 1960. By examining the colonial impact on its mother country Belgium, this study also contributes to a better understanding of Congo's past and present.
Dion Boucicault
Authors: McFeely Deirdre
Published: May 2012

Deirdre McFeely presents the first book-length critical study of Dion Boucicault, placing his Irish plays in the context of his overall career. The book undertakes a detailed examination of the reception of the plays in the New York-London-Dublin theatre triangle which Boucicault inhabited. Interpreting theatre history as a sociocultural phenomenon that closely approximates social history, McFeely examines the different social and political worlds in which the plays were produced, demonstrating that the complex politics of reception of the plays cannot be separated from the social and political implications of colonialism at that time. The study argues for a shift in focus from the politics of the plays, and their author, to the politics of the auditorium and the press, or the politics of reception. It is within that complex and shifting field of stage, theatre and public media that Boucicault's performance as playwright, actor and publicist is interpreted.
The Solicitor General and the United States Supreme Court
Authors: Black Ryan C. , Owens Ryan J.
Published: May 2012

The United States government, represented by the Office of the Solicitor General, appears before the Supreme Court more than any other litigant. The Office's link to the president, the arguments it makes before the Court and its ability to alter the legal and policy landscape make it the most important Supreme Court litigant bar none. As such, scholars must understand the Office's role in Supreme Court decision making and its ability to influence the Court. It examines whether and how the Office of the Solicitor General influences the United States Supreme Court. Combining archival data with recent innovations in the areas of matching and causal inference, the book finds that the Solicitor General influences every aspect of the Court's decision-making process. From granting review to cases, selecting winning parties, writing opinions and interpreting precedent, the Solicitor General's office influences the Court to behave in ways it otherwise would not.
The Pregnant Male as Myth and Metaphor in Classical Greek Literature
Authors: Leitao David D.
Published: May 2012

This book traces the image of the pregnant male in Greek literature as it evolved over the course of the classical period. The image - as deployed in myth and in metaphor - originated as a representation of paternity and, by extension, 'authorship' of ideas, works of art, legislation, and the like. Only later, with its reception in philosophy in the early fourth century, did it also become a way to figure and negotiate the boundary between the sexes. The book considers a number of important moments in the evolution of the image: the masculinist embryological theory of Anaxagoras of Clazomenae and other fifth century pre-Socratics; literary representations of the birth of Dionysus; the origin and functions of pregnancy as a metaphor in tragedy, comedy and works of some Sophists; and finally the redeployment of some of these myths and metaphors in Aristophanes' Assemblywomen and in Plato's Symposium and Theaetetus.
The General Exception Clauses of the TRIPS Agreement
Authors: Beas Rodrigues, Jr Edson
Published: May 2012

The general exception clauses of the TRIPS Agreement of the World Trade Organization permit exceptions to copyrights and to the rights conferred by trademarks, industrial designs and patents. These clauses are intended to facilitate access to diverse forms of proprietary knowledge and therefore foster the interdependent pillars of sustainable development: economic progress, realization of human rights and the conservation of the environment. In this book, Edson Beas Rodrigues, Jr argues that the TRIPS Agreement, in its current configuration, does not hinder the establishment of exceptions to intellectual property rights, devised to promote vital socioeconomic interests such as the freedom to carry out creative and inventive activities, freedom of expression, the strengthening of free competition, and increased access to educational materials by underprivileged students and to technical knowledge for humanitarian purposes.
The Salon of Madame Necker
Authors: Comte d'Haussonville Gabriel Paul Othenin de Cléron
Published: May 2012

Suzanne Curchod (1737–94) was living at Lausanne when she agreed to marry the young Edward Gibbon, but the engagement was broken off. Employed as companion to the then fiancée of Jacques Necker (1732–1804), later the finance minister of Louis XVI, she married him in 1764. Their only daughter, Anne Louise Germaine, is better known as Madame de Staël. Madame Necker was eager for her husband, a wealthy banker, to pursue a political career, but Jacques Necker's efforts towards financial reform made him unpopular at court, and his dismissal in July 1789 was one of the triggers for the French Revolution. His subsequent failure to control events led to his retirement to Switzerland in 1790. Volume 1 of this biography, written by a descendant, the comte d'Haussonville, and published in English in 1882, describes Suzanne's early life, her marriage, and the establishment of her brilliant Paris salon.
Neurogenetics
Authors: Wood Nicholas
Published: May 2012

Progress in genetic knowledge is profoundly affecting medical practice, and no clinical specialty has more diseases associated with genetic mutations than neurology. As a more complete picture of the genes which give rise to neurological disease is obtained, trainee and practising neurologists need a guide to basic principles and the more important clinical entities with a genetic component. It is against this background that Neurogenetics: A Guide for Clinicians has been written. The book opens with coverage of genetic testing and counselling. Subsequent chapters discuss genetic factors for all the major neurological diseases, including epilepsy, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinsonism and muscular dystrophies. No book in this field can hope to be fully up to date with the latest research; rather this work provides a framework on which to add new genetic discoveries. Neurogenetics: A Guide for Clinicians provides a synoptic overview for neurologists, medical geneticists and scientists working in the field.
Paris in Peril
Authors: Vizetelly Henry
Published: May 2012

Henry Vizetelly (1820–94), whose two-volume Glances Back through Seventy Years is also reissued in this collection, was an English journalist based in Paris during the Franco-Prussian War, which concluded with the downfall of Napoleon III and the end of the second French Empire. First published in 1882, this is the first in a two-volume collection of his writings during this turbulent period. He vividly recounts his experiences of the Germans' devastating siege of Paris, setting it within a military, political and economic context. He argues that the outcome would have been less severe had the French army been better prepared, and shows how attempts to provision the capital ahead of the Prussian advance were thwarted by malnourished cattle and blocked transport links, resulting in near-starvation among the besieged. Providing a judicious narrative of a significant period in France's history, Vizetelly's eye-witness account remains of great interest.
History of England from the Fall of Wolsey to the Defeat of the Spanish Armada
Authors: Froude James Anthony
Published: May 2012

James Anthony Froude (1818–94), historian and disciple of Carlyle, published this twelve-volume history of the English Reformation between 1858 and 1870. The work is shaped by Froude's firm belief that the Reformation enabled the development of modernity and the rise of 'progressive intelligence' in England. His polemical stance was criticised by some historians, but his engaging narrative style and elegant prose made his work extremely popular with the general public, and the books were highly influential. The first six volumes consider the course of the Reformation from the break with Rome until the accession of Elizabeth I in 1558, and the remaining six recount the reign of Elizabeth I, ending with the defeat of the Spanish Armada. Froude changed the title of this twelfth volume, having decided that the Armada marked the defeat of Catholicism in England, and the appropriate conclusion to his work.
History of England from the Accession of James I to the Outbreak of the Civil War, 1603–1642
Authors: Gardiner Samuel Rawson
Published: May 2012

Samuel Rawson Gardiner (1829–1902) was a distinguished Victorian historian of the seventeenth century who coined the term 'Puritan Revolution' and was noted for his use of and editorial work on primary sources. This ten-volume work was published in 1883–4, though he had already published eight volumes on the period 1603–37, of which the first two were considerably revised for this edition; and in later works he continued the story through the Civil War, the Commonwealth and the Protectorate. The series was highly regarded in its time, and reprinted often, although it was not without its critics. Gardiner aimed at writing 'scientific history', relying on the facts to speak for themselves. This first volume spans the period 1603–7, and includes chapters covering the end of the Tudor monarchy, James I and the Catholics, the Gunpowder Plot, the pacification of Ireland and the plantation of Ulster.
History of England from the Accession of James I to the Outbreak of the Civil War, 1603–1642
Authors: Gardiner Samuel Rawson
Published: May 2012

Samuel Rawson Gardiner (1829–1902) was a distinguished Victorian historian of the seventeenth century who coined the term 'Puritan Revolution' and was noted for his use of and editorial work on primary sources. This ten-volume work was published in 1883–4, though he had already published eight volumes on the period 1603–37, of which the first two were considerably revised for this edition; and in later works he continued the story through the Civil War, the Commonwealth and the Protectorate. The series was highly regarded in its time, and reprinted often, although it was not without its critics. Gardiner aimed at writing 'scientific history', relying on the facts to speak for themselves. This third volume spans the period 1616–21, and includes chapters covering the Spanish marriage episode, Raleigh's last voyage, ecclesiastical issues in Scotland and England, and the outbreak of the Thirty Years' War.
History of England from the Accession of James I to the Outbreak of the Civil War, 1603–1642
Authors: Gardiner Samuel Rawson
Published: May 2012

Samuel Rawson Gardiner (1829–1902) was a distinguished Victorian historian of the seventeenth century who coined the term 'Puritan Revolution' and was noted for his use of and editorial work on primary sources. This ten-volume work was published in 1883–4, though he had already published eight volumes on the period 1603–37, of which the first two were considerably revised for this edition; and in later works he continued the story through the Civil War, the Commonwealth and the Protectorate. The series was highly regarded in its time, and reprinted often, although it was not without its critics. Gardiner aimed at writing 'scientific history', relying on the facts to speak for themselves. This fourth volume spans the period 1621–3, and includes chapters on the disgrace of Francis Bacon, the voyage of the Mayflower, and English diplomatic efforts to contain the spread of war in Europe.
History of England from the Accession of James I to the Outbreak of the Civil War, 1603–1642
Authors: Gardiner Samuel Rawson
Published: May 2012

Samuel Rawson Gardiner (1829–1902) was a distinguished Victorian historian of the seventeenth century who coined the term 'Puritan Revolution' and was noted for his use of and editorial work on primary sources. This ten-volume work was published in 1883–4, though he had already published eight volumes on the period 1603–37, of which the first two were considerably revised for this edition; and in later works he continued the story through the Civil War, the Commonwealth and the Protectorate. The series was highly regarded in its time, and reprinted often, although it was not without its critics. Gardiner aimed at writing 'scientific history', relying on the facts to speak for themselves. This seventh volume spans the period 1629–35, and includes chapters covering the parliamentary session of 1629, divergent tendencies in politics and religion, Charles I's visit to Scotland and the beginning of Laud's archbishopric.
History of England from the Accession of James I to the Outbreak of the Civil War, 1603–1642
Authors: Gardiner Samuel Rawson
Published: May 2012

Samuel Rawson Gardiner (1829–1902) was a distinguished Victorian historian of the seventeenth century who coined the term 'Puritan Revolution' and was noted for his use of and editorial work on primary sources. This ten-volume work was published in 1883–4, though he had already published eight volumes on the period 1603–37, of which the first two were considerably revised for this edition; and in later works he continued the story through the Civil War, the Commonwealth and the Protectorate. The series was highly regarded in its time, and reprinted often, although it was not without its critics. Gardiner aimed at writing 'scientific history', relying on the facts to speak for themselves. This ninth volume spans the period 1639–41, and includes chapters covering the First and Second Bishops' Wars, the Short Parliament, the Triennial Act, and controversies over religious and constitutional reforms.
History of England from the Accession of James I to the Outbreak of the Civil War, 1603–1642
Authors: Gardiner Samuel Rawson
Published: May 2012

Samuel Rawson Gardiner (1829–1902) was a distinguished Victorian historian of the seventeenth century who coined the term 'Puritan Revolution' and was noted for his use of and editorial work on primary sources. This ten-volume work was published in 1883–4, though he had already published eight volumes on the period 1603–37, of which the first two were considerably revised for this edition; and in later works he continued the story through the Civil War, the Commonwealth and the Protectorate. The series was highly regarded in its time, and reprinted often, although it was not without its critics. Gardiner aimed at writing 'scientific history', relying on the facts to speak for themselves. This tenth volume spans the period 1641–2, and includes chapters covering the Irish rebellion and the Grand Remonstrance, the struggle over the militia, and the situation on the eve of the Civil War.
‘These Eighty Years'
Authors: Solly Henry
Published: May 2012

Henry Solly (1813–1903) was a British Unitarian minister and social reformer who supported universal suffrage, the abolition of slavery and free education. He is remembered today for his contribution to the development of the working-class movement in late Victorian Britain, and especially for being involved in the foundation of institutions such as Working Men's Clubs, the Charity Organization Society and the Garden City movement. First published in 1893, this two-volume autobiography combines the account of Solly's personal life as a Unitarian minister and father of five with the various social, religious and educational movements he was involved with during his career as an activist. Volume 2 focuses on Solly's later life as a minister and social campaigner, describing the development of the Club movement and other radical initiatives which would benefit the working classes in the nineteenth century.
The Constitutional History of England, in its Origin and Development
Authors: Stubbs William
Published: May 2012

William Stubbs (1825–1901), one of the leading historians of his generation, pursued his academic research alongside his work as a clergyman. He was elected Regius Professor of Modern History at Oxford in 1866 and appointed a bishop in 1884. Stubbs was a foundational figure in medieval English history, with a special interest in the twelfth and thirteenth centuries. The three-volume study reissued here, originally published between 1874 and 1878, was one of his most influential works. Nine editions appeared during his lifetime and it was prescribed reading for generations of students. It traces the evolution of English political institutions from the early Anglo-Saxon invasions of Britain to 1485, relying mainly on primary sources. Volume 1, published in 1874, begins with evidence for Germanic administrative systems during the Roman period, and then focuses on the Anglo-Saxon era and the Norman period, ending with the reign of Henry II.
A Statistical Account of the British Empire
Authors: McCulloch J. R.
Published: May 2012

John Ramsay McCulloch (1789–1864) wrote numerous articles, pamphlets and books about the emerging field of political economy. This two-volume work, published in 1837, focuses on 'the British Empire, exclusive of its foreign dependencies', in other words, Great Britain and Ireland. McCulloch drew information from the 1821 and 1831 census returns and commissioned contributions from experts including William Jackson Hooker, who provided the article on botany. His book was the first such overview to be compiled in more than a century and is an indispensable contemporary source on life in Great Britain and Ireland at the close of the Georgian era. Volume 2 examines industry, commerce and foreign trade, beginning with coal production and consumption. Later chapters address social institutions including parliament and local government, the courts, the established church and other religions, and topics such as education, taxation, defence spending, health and life expectancy, and the poor laws.
Lectures on the Industrial Revolution in England
Authors: Toynbee Arnold
Published: May 2012

Widely credited as having established the term 'industrial revolution' as a historical concept, Arnold Toynbee (1852–83) was among the most outspoken political economists of the nineteenth century. This volume is a collection of his Balliol lectures and other public addresses, originally published posthumously in 1884. The lectures, often humorous, discuss developments in contemporary political economy, the views of other commentators, and the impact on society of this new discipline; viewed as a collection, they represent one of the first calls for economic history as an academic subject to be studied separately from political history. Given during the early 1880s, the popular addresses treat some of the most important economic topics of the day, from the role of trade unions to the relationship between wages and production. Also included in this book are a preface by the author's wife, and a memoir by his friend and colleague, Benjamin Jowett.
A History of Agriculture and Prices in England
Authors: Rogers James E. Thorold
Published: May 2012

Since early times, agriculture has been pivotal to England's economy. This is the second in a magisterial seven-volume, eight-piece compilation by the economist James E. Thorold Rogers (1823–90), which represents the most complete record of produce costs in England between the thirteenth and eighteenth centuries. Drawing on a variety of sources including college archives and the Public Record Office, Rogers documents the fluctuating prices of commodities such as livestock, wheat, hay, wool, textiles and labour in a time of great economic change, when the growing economy of the early middle ages was shaken by famine and the Black Death, and then gradually recovered towards the Agrarian Revolution. First published in 1866, this volume presents in tabular form the data from 1259 to 1400 discussed in Volume 1, showing the prices of a diverse range of products and services in towns and regions across the country.
A History of Agriculture and Prices in England
Authors: Rogers James E. Thorold
Published: May 2012

Since early times, agriculture has been pivotal to England's economy. This is the fourth in a magisterial seven-volume, eight-piece compilation by the economist James E. Thorold Rogers (1823–90), which represents the most complete record of produce costs in England between the thirteenth and eighteenth centuries. Drawing on a variety of sources including college archives and the Public Record Office, Rogers documents the fluctuating prices of commodities such as livestock, wheat, hay, wool, textiles and labour in a time of great economic change, when the growing economy of the early middle ages was shaken by famine and the Black Death, and then gradually recovered towards the Agrarian Revolution. First published in 1882, this volume discusses the period from 1401 to 1582, using the data published in Volume 3, exploring the distribution of wealth, the cost of foreign produce, weights, measures and currency, and variation in wages.
A History of Agriculture and Prices in England
Authors: Rogers James E. Thorold
Published: May 2012

Since early times, agriculture has been pivotal to England's economy. This is the seventh in a magisterial seven-volume, eight-piece compilation by the economist James E. Thorold Rogers (1823–90), which represents the most complete record of produce costs in England between the thirteenth and eighteenth centuries. Drawing on a variety of sources including college archives and the Public Record Office, Rogers documents the fluctuating prices of commodities such as livestock, wheat, hay, wool, textiles and labour in a time of great economic change, when the growing economy of the early middle ages was shaken by famine and the Black Death, and then gradually recovered towards the Agrarian Revolution. First published in 1902 (completed and edited by Rogers' son), this two-part volume presents in Part 1 data from 1703 to 1793, showing the prices of a range of products; Part 2 consists of further documents collected by Rogers for the work.
A History of Agriculture and Prices in England
Authors: Rogers James E. Thorold , Rogers Arthur G. L.
Published: May 2012

Since early times, agriculture has been pivotal to England's economy. This is the two-part seventh in a magisterial seven-volume, eight-piece compilation by the economist James E. Thorold Rogers (1823–90), which represents the most complete record of produce costs in England between the thirteenth and eighteenth centuries. Drawing on a variety of sources including college archives and the Public Record Office, Rogers documents the fluctuating prices of commodities such as livestock, wheat, hay, wool, textiles and labour in a time of great economic change, when the growing economy of the early middle ages was shaken by famine and the Black Death, and then gradually recovered towards the Agrarian Revolution. First published in 1902 (and edited by Rogers' son), Part 1 presents data from 1703 to 1793, showing the prices of a range of products across the country; Part 2 consists of further documentary information collected by Rogers for the work.
Catalogue of a Collection of Works on or Having Reference to the Exhibition of 1851
Authors: Dilke Charles Wentworth
Published: May 2012

C. Wentworth Dilke (1810–69), an influential figure at the Society of Arts, was one of the key organisers of the Great Exhibition of 1851. He played a leading part in planning the event and the catalogue, overseeing the installation of exhibits and managing the PR. The exhibition generated an enormous number of publications, official and unofficial, both in Britain and abroad, ranging from vistors' guides to London and descriptions of individual exhibits to discussions about the long-term future of the Crystal Palace, together with essays, sermons and poems. Dilke acquired several hundred such books and pamphlets, in various languages, and in 1855 privately published this catalogue of his collection, noting that it omits 'mere trade pamphlets' and that his 'departments' of relevant music and engravings are not comprehensive. Alphabetically organised and thoroughly cross-referenced, Dilke's catalogue remains an invaluable research resource for those studying the Great Exhibition and its global impact.
On the Use and Abuse of Literary and Ecclesiastical Endowments
Authors: Chalmers Thomas
Published: May 2012

Scottish minister and social reformer Thomas Chalmers (1780–1847) is famous as the leader of the group of 470 ministers who left the Church of Scotland in 1843 to found the Free Church of Scotland, and as the author (in 1834) of the first Bridgewater Treatise (also reissued in this collection). Along with his theological interests, Chalmers was deeply concerned with educational reform in schools and universities. In 1827 he published this paper on university endowments, asserting that it was the state's responsibility to support religious and educational institutions, because churches, schools, and universities maintained the nation's Christian principles and character. Chalmers argued that only endowed national establishments were capable of ensuring the religious and moral well-being of the individual. In addition to his appeal for university endowments, he also advocated (unusually for his time) the extension of full civil rights to dissenters and Catholics.
State Aid and State Interference
Authors: Baden-Powell George
Published: May 2012

George Baden-Powell, KCMG (1847–98), graduated from Balliol College, Oxford, before studying at the Inner Temple in London. After a varied career as a commissioner in Victoria in Australia, the West Indies, Malta and Canada, he became the MP for Liverpool Kirkdale in 1885. He also found time to observe the total solar eclipse of 1896 in the Arctic, and co-write a paper about it for the Royal Society. He was a passionate advocate of free trade within the British Empire, and wrote extensively to support the cause. First published in 1882, this classic work on economics sets out Baden-Powell's case for imperial free trade. In the first chapter he sets out his arguments; the rest of the book is devoted to presenting his evidence and comparing the relative merits of protectionist and free trade economies around the world.
A Handy Book for Guardians of the Poor
Authors: Bartley George C. T.
Published: May 2012

George C. T. Bartley KCB (1842–1910) spent twenty years as a civil servant, becoming Assistant Director in the Art and Science Department, before standing for election as a Conservative MP. He was elected in 1885 as the Member for Islington. He was a Justice of the Peace for Middlesex and Westminster, and also founded the National Penny Bank. Bartley had a keen interest in social issues, particularly poverty and education, and he wrote several books on these subjects, as well as numerous penny pamphlets aimed at improving the lives of the working class. Published in 1876, this book was based on Bartley's experiences as a Guardian of the Poor - an administrator for the Poor Law of 1834. It was written as a practical guide for anyone wishing to become involved in administering poor relief under the terms of the Poor Law.
National Evils and Practical Remedies
Authors: Buckingham James Silk
Published: May 2012

James Silk Buckingham (1786–1855) was a Cornish-born traveller and writer. As a member of Parliament in the 1830s he campaigned for reforms in the army and navy as well as for the temperance movement. He travelled widely to the Middle East, Israel and America, wrote travel books and also founded a number of journals. One of these was The Athenaeum, a weekly London periodical covering a wide range of topics from literature to popular science. In this work, published in 1849, Buckingham names seven evils threatening contemporary society (ranging from ignorance from intemperance to war and competition), proposes a number of economic reforms that primarily target the existing taxation system, and pleads for a new Reform Bill. Buckingham develops in great detail his vision of a model town and the community inhabiting it, and offers his thoughts on how a such city should be planned.
A Treatise on the Industry of Nations
Authors: Eisdell Joseph Salway
Published: May 2012

In this two-volume work, originally published in 1839, the relatively unknown Joseph Salway Eisdell (1791–1876) explores the political economy of 1830s Britain from a different standpoint from that of many of his contemporaries. Influenced by Adam Smith and Michael Thomas Sadler, and in concordance with his contemporary, Irish economist Mountifort Longfield (1802–84), Eisdell's focus on 'fiscal sociology' places emphasis on industrial workers and the significance of human nature in economics. He reassesses economic and population trends by rejecting the (until then) well-regarded Malthusian principles. In many ways this work is a reflection of 1830s Victorian society, which was experiencing massive shifts towards industrialisation, urbanisation and modernisation, with accompanying political changes. Eisdell's later work, An Essay on the Causes and Remedies of Poverty (1852) demonstrates his continued enthusiasm for fiscal sociology. Volume 2 focuses on distribution, the rewards of labour and taxation.
Chronicles of Bow Street Police-Office
Authors: Fitzgerald Percy
Published: May 2012

Percy Fitzgerald (1834–1925) was a prolific author, critic, painter and sculptor. He was born in Ireland and attended Stonyhurst College in Lancashire, and then Trinity College Dublin. When he moved to London, he became a contributor to Charles Dickens' periodical Household Words. This two-volume work, published in 1888, gives a stirring account of the work of London's eighteenth-century law enforcers, the Bow Street Runners. Drawing on records of criminal cases, it tells how magistrates Henry Fielding and his blind half-brother Sir John Fielding helped to set up the Runners. Their actions dramatically reduced violent crime in the city and paved the way for the modern police force. Volume 1 covers the formation of the Runners and introduces the key players in the successes that followed. It also describes a number of fascinating incidents that are variously tragic, amusing or shocking.
Chronicles of Bow Street Police-Office
Authors: Fitzgerald Percy
Published: May 2012

Percy Fitzgerald (1834–1925) was a prolific author, critic, painter and sculptor. He was born in Ireland and attended Stonyhurst College in Lancashire, and then Trinity College Dublin. When he moved to London, he became a contributor to Charles Dickens' periodical Household Words. This two-volume work, published in 1888, gives a stirring account of the work of London's eighteenth-century law enforcers, the Bow Street Runners. Drawing on records of criminal cases, it tells how magistrates Henry Fielding and his blind half-brother Sir John Fielding helped to set up the Runners. Their actions dramatically reduced violent crime in the city and paved the way for the modern police force. Volume 2 features a wide selection of fascinating cases including the Cato Street Conspiracy and the callous murder of William Weare.
Pauperism and Poor Laws
Authors: Pashley Robert
Published: May 2012

Robert Pashley (1805–59), lawyer, economist, traveller, and fellow of Trinity College, Cambridge, is famous for his travel memoirs as well as his legal achievements. First published in 1852, his history of pauperism and the poor laws in England analyses the history of poverty and the various attempts at reform, including legislation in the reign of Elizabeth I, the statute of Charles II for the Removal of the Poor, and the pauper legislation of 1834. In the final chapters, Pashley asserts the necessity for a total repeal of the existing legislation, including the Poor Law Amendment Act of 1834, arguing that the provisions for raising and administering relief to paupers should be consolidated into one statute and suggesting a national levy on property to aid poor relief. Pashley's work was influential, although reform of the system did not begin until the creation of the Local Government Board in 1871.
Suicide Attempt During Adolescence
Authors: de Kernier Nathalie
Published: May 2012

Background: Suicidal behavior among adolescents raises both the questions of object transactions and of how these objects have been internalized. Aims: This article uses a psychodynamic approach to highlight particularities of mental functioning in adolescents attempting suicide and presents the care provided for suicidal adolescents. Methods: The results of this longitudinal research are briefly outlined and a clinical vignette is presented illustrating the latent meaning of the suicidal gesture. The hypothesis is offered that the murder of a part of oneself is an important latent component of suicide attempts in teenagers. Results: Attempting suicide is interpreted as performing unconsciously in order to kill the insufficiently contained infans. The root of this word in Latin literally means “one who does not speak.” We refer to infans as the idealized and speechless part of oneself subjugated to parental projections. A suicidal gesture is a way of relieving oneself of the part of the self that condenses trauma resulting from drives and parents’ idealized expectations. Conclusions: Therapeutic work helps adolescents express representations of the meaning of their violent gesture. Murder representations appearing after a suicide attempt modify violence linked to puberty drives and reshape identifications.