bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Structural, psychological, and genetic influences on low back and neck pain: A study of adult female twins
Authors: MacGregor Alexander J. , Andrew Toby , Sambrook Philip N. , Spector Tim D.
Published: April 2004

Objective

To assess genetic and environmental influences on low back and neck pain in a classic twin design and to examine the extent to which these are explained by structural changes seen on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and psychological and lifestyle variables.

Methods

The subjects comprised 1,064 unselected women (181 monozygotic [MZ] and 351 dizygotic [DZ] twin pairs) recruited from a national registry of twin volunteers. Outcome measures included lifetime history of low back and neck pain (using a range of increasingly stringent definitions), MRI scores of disc degeneration in the lumbar and cervical spine, psychological distress as assessed by the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ), and lifestyle variables assessed by questionnaire.

Results

For all definitions of pain, there was a consistent excess concordance in MZ when compared with DZ twins, equating to a heritability for low back pain in the range of 52–68% and for neck pain in the range of 35–58%. The strongest associations were between low back pain and MRI change (odds ratio [OR] 3.6, 95% confidence interval [95% CI] 1.8–7.3]) and between neck pain and response on the GHQ (OR 3.3, 95% CI 2.1–5.0). These associations were mediated genetically.

Conclusions

Genetic factors have an important influence on back and neck pain reporting in women. These factors include the genetic determinants of structural disc degeneration and an individual's inherited tendency toward psychological distress. MRI changes are the strongest predictor of low back pain.
Factor V Leiden and prothrombin gene G20210A mutations in Italian patients with Behçet's disease and deep vein thrombosis
Authors: Silingardi Mauro , Salvarani Carlo , Boiardi Luigi , Accardo Pietro , Iorio Alfonso , Olivieri Ignazio , Cantini Fabrizio , Salvi Fabrizio , Corte Renato La , Triolo Giovanni , Ciccia Francesco , Ghirarduzzi Angelo , Filippini Davide , Paolazzi Giuseppe , Iori Ido
Published: April 2004

Objective

To evaluate the frequency and type of vascular lesions and to study the association of factor V gene G1691A (Leiden) and prothrombin gene G20210A polymorphisms with venous thrombosis in Italian patients with Behçet's disease (BD).

Methods

Included were 118 consecutive Italian BD patients followed over a 3‐year period (1997–1999) who satisfied the International Study Group criteria for BD. The control group consisted of 132 healthy Italian blood donors. All BD patients and controls were genotyped by polymerase chain reaction and allele‐specific restriction enzyme techniques for factor V Leiden and prothrombin gene G20210A polymorphisms.

Results

Vascular lesions were observed in 37 (31.4%) patients. The 2 most common lesions were subcutaneous thrombophlebitis (10.2%) and deep vein thrombosis (DVT) of the legs (22.8%). No significant demographic and clinical differences between patients with and without DVT were present. The distribution of allele and genotype frequencies of prothrombin gene G20210A and factor V Leiden polymorphisms did not differ significantly between BD patients and healthy controls. The frequencies of carriage rates of prothrombin gene G20210A and factor V Leiden polymorphisms in BD patients with and without DVT were similar. However, the frequency of 20210A allele was significantly higher in BD patients with ocular disease than in those without, particularly in the patients with posterior uveitis/retinal vasculitis.

Conclusions

The frequency and types of vascular lesions in Italian BD patients were similar to those reported in studies from other countries. No association between factor V Leiden mutation and G20210A mutation in the 3′‐untranslated region of the prothrombin gene with DVT was found. However, a prothrombin gene G20210A mutation may influence the development and severity of ocular involvement in BD.
“The rheumatologist can see you now”: Successful implementation of an advanced access model in a rheumatology practice
Authors: Newman Eric D. , Harrington Thomas M. , Olenginski Thomas P. , Perruquet James L. , McKinley Karen
Published: April 2004

Objective

To provide rheumatologic care to patients in a timely and patient‐centered manner.

Methods

We developed and implemented processes to measure and help eliminate backlog, created access time for same‐day patients, and retooled the appointments process to be more efficient and patient focused. In addition, we developed a protocol to be used by our primary care colleagues to care for osteoarthritis of the knee in a standardized manner.

Results

The third available rheumatology appointment fell from about 60 days to <2 days. Cancellations fell from 40% to <20%. Patient satisfaction measures (composite score, physician score, and accessibility score) improved significantly. The number of new patients seen for knee osteoarthritis decreased by 6.7%, whereas the number of new rheumatoid arthritis referrals increased by 50.4%. Financial performance improved as well.

Conclusions

This advanced access model in a busy academic rheumatology practice demonstrated considerable improvement in access, patient satisfaction, and finances. Using a team approach, we are now able to give the patient the rheumatologic care they want and need at a time they want and need it.
Mycophenolate mofetil for remission maintenance in the treatment of Wegener's granulomatosis
Authors: Langford Carol A. , Talar‐Williams Cheryl , Sneller Michael C.
Published: April 2004

Objective

To examine the safety of mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) for remission maintenance in patients with Wegener's granulomatosis (WG) who had been treated with daily cyclophosphamide (CYC) and glucocorticoids to induce remission.

Methods

Fourteen patients were treated for active WG using a standardized regimen of CYC and glucocorticoids for induction of remission and MMF for remission maintenance. Outcome was assessed using predetermined definitions based on clinical characteristics and pathologic, laboratory, and radiographic findings.

Results

Remission occurred in all 14 patients (100%) at a median time of 3 months. The median time to discontinuation of glucocorticoids was 8 months. No patients died during protocol treatment and 6 patients (43%) relapsed at a median of 10 months after achieving remission. MMF was well tolerated and no patients had to be withdrawn as a result of medication toxicity.

Conclusion

The use of CYC and glucocorticoids for induction of remission and MMF for remission maintenance was well tolerated, but disease relapses were observed.
History of affective disorder and the experience of fatigue in rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Jump Rebecca L. , Fifield Judith , Tennen Howard , Reisine Susan , Giuliano Anthony J.
Published: April 2004

Objective

To evaluate how a prior affective disorder (major depression or generalized anxiety disorder) affects current fatigue among individuals with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). To determine whether that relationship is mediated by self‐efficacy expectations.

Methods

Forty‐eight RA patients with a prior affective disorder and 74 without a history of affective disorder completed a mailed questionnaire that included the Multidimensional Assessment of Fatigue and indicators of neuroticism and self efficacy.

Results

RA patients with a history of affective disorder reported higher levels of fatigue than those with no previous affective disturbance. Controlling for neuroticism and self efficacy, affective disorder history continued to predict current fatigue. Mediational analyses revealed both direct and indirect effects (via self efficacy) of history of affective disorder on the experience of fatigue in RA.

Conclusion

History of affective disorder independently predicts higher levels of fatigue in RA patients, and self efficacy plays a mediating role in this relationship.
Use of mainstream nonpharmacologic treatment by patients with arthritis
Authors: Li Linda C. , Maetzel Andreas , Pencharz James N. , Maguire Lyn , Bombardier Claire ,   The Community Hypertension and Arthritis Project (CHAP) Team
Published: April 2004

Objective

To examine the use of nonpharmacologic treatment by patients with osteoarthritis (OA) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA).

Methods

Patients were recruited from physicians' offices in Ontario, Canada. All participants completed questionnaires that asked about their health status, use of medications and nonpharmacologic treatments, and use of health care resources.

Results

A total of 326 patients with OA and 253 patients with RA completed the survey on the use of nonpharmacologic treatment. Only 73% of patients with OA had been told to use nonpharmacologic modalities, but 98.8% had tried at least 1 type of treatment. About 97% of those with RA had been told to use and had tried at least 1 type of treatment. Most patients continued to use a treatment once they had tried it.

Conclusion

The use of nonpharmacologic modalities is common among patients with arthritis. It is important that clinicians address with their patients the appropriate use of and barriers to continuing these treatments.
Physical activity behavior in older women with rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Semanik Pamela , Wilbur Joellen , Sinacore James , Chang Rowland W.
Published: April 2004

Objective

To identify physical activity behaviors of older (≥60 years) women with rheumatoid arthritis, and to determine if physical activity behavior differed by demographic characteristics or disease duration.

Methods

Cognitively intact, ambulatory women with rheumatoid arthritis seen at an urban university arthritis center (n = 185) responded to a survey that included demographics, number of years since RA diagnosis, and physical activity assessed with the Yale Physical Activity Survey.

Results

Participants had a mean age of 70 years and a mean disease duration of 17.6 years. Mean total of physical activity, including low‐, moderate‐, and high‐intensity activity, was 23 hours/week, with 47 different physical activities identified. Housework comprised 67% of total physical activity time, whereas leisure activities and planned exercise comprised only 15% and 10%, respectively. Sixty percent of the women reported participation in some type of vigorous activity, and 88% reported they had done leisure walking in the past month. Age was negatively associated with scores on the activity summary index (r = –0.195, P < 0.01), and there was a significant difference on the activity summary index by employment status, with women in the work force (n = 47) and those involved in housekeeping (n = 105) scoring significantly higher (P = 0.003) than the women (n = 33) who described themselves as retired (F = 7.81, 2 degrees of freedom, P = 0.001).

Conclusion

Older women with rheumatoid arthritis may participate in a broader array of physical activities than previously assumed, and could benefit from increasing the proportion of moderate or vigorous activity incorporated into their daily routines.
Predicting reports of unmet expectations among rheumatology patients
Authors: Rao Jaya K. , Weinberger Morris , Anderson Lynda A. , Kroenke Kurt
Published: April 2004

Objective

Approximately 25% of patients report unmet expectations after their doctor visits. In a longitudinal study of rheumatology patients, we examined whether changes in health status could predict unmet expectations.

Methods

Arthritis patients (n = 177) responded to 2 surveys (baseline and 6‐month followup). Both surveys contained questions on health status (functional status, pain, helplessness, psychological status) and visit duration. The followup survey contained questions on postvisit unmet expectations. Factors associated with unmet expectations were determined.

Results

Fifty‐eight patients (33%) reported unmet expectations, most often for information (47%) and new medications (31%). Unmet expectations were more common among patients with greater baseline helplessness (odds ratio [OR] 1.9, 95% confidence interval [95% CI] 1.0–3.6) and short doctor visits at followup (OR 5.6, 95% CI 2.4–13.1). Unmet expectations were less common among those experiencing a decline in pain (OR 0.3, 95% CI 0.1–0.9).

Conclusion

Attention to the patient's level of pain and helplessness and duration of the visit may limit reports of unmet expectations.
Measuring quality in arthritis care: Methods for developing the Arthritis Foundation's quality indicator set
Authors: MacLean Catherine H. , Saag Kenneth G. , Solomon Daniel H. , Morton Sally C. , Sampsel Sarah , Klippel John H.
Published: April 2004

Objective

To develop a comprehensive set of explicit process measures to assess the quality of health care for osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, and analgesics use.

Methods

Potential quality measures and a summary of existing data to support or refute the relationship between the processes of care proposed in the indicators and relevant clinical outcomes were developed through a comprehensive literature review. The proposed measures and literature summary were presented to a multidisciplinary panel of experts in arthritis and pain. Using a modification of the RAND/UCLA Appropriateness Method, the panel rated each proposed measure for its validity as a measure of health care quality.

Results

Among 66 proposed indicators, the expert panel rated 51 as valid measures of health care including 14 for osteoarthritis, 27 for rheumatoid arthritis, and 10 for analgesics use.

Conclusions

Sufficient scientific evidence and expert consensus exist to support a comprehensive set of measures to assess the quality of heath care for osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, and analgesics use. These measures can be used to gain an understanding of the quality of care for patients with arthritis.
Long‐term efficacy of therapy in patients with fibromyalgia: A physical exercise‐based program and a cognitive‐behavioral approach
Authors: Redondo Javier Rivera , Justo Carmen Moratalla , Moraleda Francisca Valdepeñas , Velayos Yolanda García , Puche José Juan Osés , Zubero Julio Ruiz , Hernández Teresa González , Ortells Loreto Carmona , Pareja Miguel Ángel Vallejo
Published: April 2004

Objective

To analyze the long‐term efficacy of 2 interventions for female fibromyalgia (FM) patients: 1) cognitive‐behavioral therapy (CBT), and 2) a physical exercise (PE)–based strategy.

Methods

We conducted a prospective, long‐term, randomized, parallel clinical trial. The outcome variables are physical activity, aerobic capacity, and results of the Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire (FIQ), Short Form 36, Beck Anxiety and Depression Inventory, Chronic Pain Self‐Efficacy Scale, and Chronic Pain Coping Inventory. All were measured at baseline, posttreatment, 6 months, and 1 year. The duration of both treatments was 8 weeks.

Results

Some items of the FIQ and some strategies to cope with pain improved significantly in both groups after treatment. All variables measuring functional capacity improved significantly in the PE group, whereas only physical activity of the vertebral column improved in the CBT group. There were no differences in anxiety, depression, and self efficacy after treatment in either group. After 1 year of followup, most of the parameters had returned to baseline values in both groups. However, in the PE group, functional capacity remained significantly better.

Conclusions

PE and CBT improve clinical manifestations in FM patients only for short periods of time. Improvement in self efficacy and physical fitness are not associated with improvement in clinical manifestations.
Classifying structural joint damage in rheumatoid arthritis as progressive or nonprogressive using a composite definition of joint radiographic change: A preliminary proposal
Authors: Paulus Harold E. , Oh MyungShin , Sharp John T. , Gold Richard H. , Wong Weng Kee , Park Grace S. , Bulpitt Ken J.
Published: April 2004

Objective

To categorize radiographic joint damage as progressive or nonprogressive in individuals with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) participating in clinical studies.

Methods

Using the total Sharp radiographic damage score, erosion score, and joint space narrowing (JSN) score for 751 serial films of the hand/wrist and forefoot obtained from 190 patients with early RA during 6–60 months of followup (mean 31 months), various threshold values for progression of joint damage were evaluated singly and in various combinations. For each patient, the progression rate was estimated from the linear regression line for all available radiographic time points. After preliminary screening, 23 candidate definitions were tested to select a definition that discriminated well between radiographic progression and radiographic nonprogression.

Results

The definition selected describes radiographic nonprogression in individual patients as an increase of ≤0.1 in the standardized response mean of the trimmed population (the central 95% of patients) for ≥5 of 6 change measures (erosion scores and JSN scores for the fingers, wrists, and feet). Using this definition, 59% of the 190 patients with early RA were defined as having nonprogressive radiographic damage. Moreover, 95% of 95 patients with progression of the total Sharp score at or below the median and 24% of 95 patients with progression of the total Sharp score above the median were defined as having nonprogressive joint damage (χ2 = 98, P < 0.0001), as were 97% of patients in the lowest quintile of total Sharp score progression rates and none of the patients in the highest progression quintile. Patients defined as nonprogressors had significantly lower baseline levels of C‐reactive protein and lower erythrocyte sedimentation rates compared with patients defined as progressors, and those patients in the nonprogressive joint damage group more frequently had American College of Rheumatology 20% and 50% improvement criteria responses, “good” improvements (decrease of ≥1.2) in the Disease Activity Score, and ≥50% decreases in the swollen joint counts during the first 2 years of followup.

Conclusion

RA joint damage in an observational cohort can be classified as progressive or nonprogressive with the use of a composite definition. Validation and/or refinement of this definition is needed by utilizing the data from controlled clinical trials that compare placebo with active treatment.
A new photometric study of CW Cephei and its apsidal motion
Authors: Erdem A. , Soydugan E. , Soydugan F. , Özdemir S. , Çiçek C. , Bulut I. , Demircan O. , Budding E.
Published: April 2004

New photoelectric observations of the eccentric orbit binary CW Cephei have been carried out in B, V and R colours during the 2000 observing season at TÜBITAK (The Scientific and Technical Research Council of Turkey) National Observatory. The light curves of the system were analyzed with a nonsynchronous rotation approach using the method of Wilson‐Devinney in B, V and R bands, simultaneously. Especially, we used the R band to check for a third light in the solution as distinct from previous studies. But, the third light contribution in the light curves comes out to be almost negligible. In this study, the values of the longitude of periastron (ω) of the system's orbit found in the solutions of the light curves and radial velocity curves were collected and the variation of ω with time was investigated. A new value of the apsidal motion velocity has been obtained as $ \dot \omega $ =0.0582 ± 0.0011 (deg/cycle), corresponding to an apsidal period U = 46 ± 1 yr. (© 2004 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
A framework for fusion methods and rendering techniques of multimodal volume data
Authors: Ferre Maria , Puig Anna , Tost Dani
Published: April 2004

Many different direct volume rendering methods have been developed to visualize 3D scalar fields on uniform rectilinear grids. However, little work has been done on rendering simultaneously various properties of the same 3D region measured with different registration devices or at different instants of time. The demand for this type of visualization is rapidly increasing in scientific applications such as medicine in which the visual integration of multiple modalities allows a better comprehension of the anatomy and a perception of its relationships with activity. This paper presents different strategies of direct multimodal volume rendering (DMVR). It is restricted to voxel models with a known 3D rigid alignment transformation. The paper evaluates at which steps of the rendering pipeline the data fusion must be realized in order to accomplish the desired visual integration and to provide fast re‐renders when some fusion parameters are modified. In addition, it analyses how existing monomodal visualization algorithms can be extended to multiple datasets and it compares their efficiency and their computational cost. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Space–time blending
Authors: Pasko Galina , Pasko Alexander , Kunii Tosiyasu
Published: April 2004

Shape transformation between objects of different topology and positions in space is an open modelling problem. We propose a new approach to solving this problem for two given 2D or 3D shapes. The key steps of the proposed algorithm are: increase dimension by converting two input kD shapes into half‐cylinders in (k+1)D space–time, applying bounded blending with added material to the half‐cylinders, and making cross‐sections for getting intermediate shapes under the transformation. The additional dimension is considered as a time coordinate for making animation. We use the bounded blending set operations in space–time defined using R‐functions and displacement functions with the localized area of influence applied to the functionally defined half‐cylinders. The proposed approach is general enough to handle input shapes with arbitrary topology defined as polygonal objects with holes and disjoint components, set‐theoretic objects, or analytically defined implicit surfaces. The obtained unusual amoeba‐like behaviour of the shape combines metamorphosis with the non‐linear motion. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Capturing human motion using body‐fixed sensors: outdoor measurement and clinical applications
Authors: Aminian Kamiar , Najafi Bijan
Published: April 2004

Motion capture is mainly based on standard systems using optic, magnetic or sonic technologies. In this paper, the possibility to detect useful human motion based on new techniques using different types of body‐fixed sensors is shown. In particular, a combination of accelerometers and angular rate sensors (gyroscopes) showed a promising design for a hybrid kinematic sensor measuring the 2D kinematics of a body segment. These sensors together with a portable datalogger, and using simple biomechanical models, allow capture of outdoor and long‐term movements and overcome some limitations of the standard motion capture systems. Significant parameters of body motion, such as nature of motion (postural transitions, trunk rotation, sitting, standing, lying, walking, jumping) and its spatio‐temporal features (velocity, displacement, angular rotation, cadence and duration) have been evaluated and compared to the camera‐based system. Based on these parameters, the paper outlines the possibility to monitor physical activity and to perform gait analysis in the daily environment, and reviews several clinical investigations related to fall risk in the elderly, quality of life, orthopaedic outcome and sport performance. Taking advantage of all the potential of these body‐fixed sensors should be promising for motion capture and particularly in environments not suitable for standard technology such as in any field activity. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Creating porcine biomedical models through recombineering
Authors: Rogatcheva Margarita M. , Rund Laurie A. , Swanson Kelly S. , Marron Brandy M. , Beever Jonathan E. , Counter Christopher M. , Schook Lawrence B.
Published: April 2004

Recent advances in genomics provide genetic information from humans and other mammals (mouse, rat, dog and primates) traditionally used as models as well as new candidates (pigs and cattle). In addition, linked enabling technologies, such as transgenesis and animal cloning, provide innovative ways to design and perform experiments to dissect complex biological systems. Exploitation of genomic information overcomes the traditional need to choose naturally occurring models. Thus, investigators can utilize emerging genomic knowledge and tools to create relevant animal models. This approach is referred to as reverse genetics. In contrast to ‘forward genetics’, in which gene(s) responsible for a particular phenotype are identified by positional cloning (phenotype to genotype), the ‘reverse genetics’ approach determines the function of a gene and predicts the phenotype of a cell, tissue, or organism (genotype to phenotype). The convergence of classical and reverse genetics, along with genomics, provides a working definition of a ‘genetic model’ organism (3). The recent construction of phenotypic maps defining quantitative trait loci (QTL) in various domesticated species provides insights into how allelic variations contribute to phenotypic diversity. Targeted chromosomal regions are characterized by the construction of bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) contigs to isolate and characterize genes contributing towards phenotypic variation. Recombineering provides a powerful methodology to harvest genetic information responsible for phenotype. Linking recombineering with gene‐targeted homologous recombination, coupled with nuclear transfer (NT) technology can provide ‘clones’ of genetically modified animals. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Efficient Synthesis of 4‐(3′‐Furanyl)butenolide Derivatives via PdII‐Catalyzed Oxidative Heterodimeric Cyclization Reaction of 2,3‐Allenoic Acids and 1,2‐Allenyl Ketones
Authors: Ma Shengming , Yu Zhanqian
Published: April 2004

The oxidative cyclization/dimerization reaction between two classes of allenes with different functionalities was reported to provide an efficient route to polysubstituted 4‐(3′‐furanyl)‐2(5H)‐furanones, which are not readily available from the known methods. The highly optically active butenolides could be easily formed from the optically active 2,3‐allenoic acids, which was obtained conveniently through chiral resolution with optically active amines, that is, cinchonidine or α‐methyl benzylamine. A mechanistic study showed that the reaction proceeded via a matched double oxypalladation–reductive elimination process. The PdII species may be regenerated via the subsequent cyclometallation of two equivalents of 1,2‐allenyl ketones with Pd0 and protonlysis of Pd enolates formed with the in situ generated HCl.
Aromaticity of Planar B5‐ Anion in the MB5 (M: Li, Na, K, Rb, and Cs) and MB5+ (M: Be, Mg, Ca, and Sr) Clusters
Authors: Li Qian Shu , Jin Qiao
Published: April 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
On Sesquiselenides of the Lanthanoids: Single Crystals of C‐Type Ce2Se3, U‐Type Gd2Se3, and Z‐Type Lu2Se3.
Authors: Folchnandt Matthias , Schneck Christof , Schleid Thomas
Published: April 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Sythesis and Structure of K3N.
Authors: Fischer D. , Cancarevic Z. , Schoen J. C. , Jansen M.
Published: April 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Syntheses and Crystal Structures of the Monoammoniates of Lithium Halides: LiBr×NH3 and LiI×NH3.
Authors: Jacobs Herbert , Friedriszik Martin
Published: April 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Alkali Metal Bismuthides ABi and ABi2 — Synthesis, Crystal Structure, Properties.
Authors: Emmerling Franziska , Laengin Nina , Petri Denis , Kroeker Martin , Roehr Caroline
Published: April 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Caesium Heptaiodo‐Dititanate(III), CsTi2I7.
Authors: Jongen Liesbet , Meyer Gerd
Published: April 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Single Crystal Growth and Crystal Structure of Mercurous Diarsenate(V), (Hg2)2(As2O7).
Authors: Weil Matthias
Published: April 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Phase Transition of a Dicyanamide with Rutile‐Like Structure: Syntheses and Crystal Structures of α‐ and β‐Cd[N(CN)2]2.
Authors: Juergens Barbara , Irran Elisabeth , Hoeppe Henning A. , Schnick Wolfgang
Published: April 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Solvothermal Syntheses and Characterization of Thiostannates [M(en)3]2Sn2S6 (M: Mn, Co, Zn), the Influence of Metal Ions on the Crystal Structure.
Authors: Jia Ding‐Xian , Zhang Yong , Dai Jie , Zhu Qin‐Yu , Gu Xiao‐Mei
Published: April 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
New Phases in the Systems Ca—Te—O and Cd—Te—O: The Calcium Tellurite(IV) Ca4Te5O14, and the Cadmium Compounds Cd2Te3O9 and Cd2Te2O7 with Mixed‐Valent Oxotellurium(IV/VI) Anions.
Authors: Weil Matthias
Published: April 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Structural Relationships, Phase Stability and Bonding of Compounds PdSnn (n = 2, 3, 4).
Authors: Nylen J. , Garcia Garcia F. J. , Mosel B. D. , Poettgen R. , Haeussermann U.
Published: April 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Experimental and Theoretical Characterization of the Optical Properties of CeO2, SrCeO3, and Sr2CeO4 Containing Ce4+ (f0) Ions.
Authors: Goubin Fabrice , Rocquefelte Xavier , Whangbo Myung‐Hwan , Montardi Yvan , Brec Raymond , Jobic Stephane
Published: April 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Determination of the Enthalpy of Fusion of K2NbF7 and K3NbF8
Authors: Kosa L. , Mackova I. , Chrenkova M.
Published: April 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Combinatorial Electrochemical Screening of Fuel Cell Electrocatalysts.
Authors: Guerin Samuel , Hayden Brian E. , Lee Christopher E. , Mormiche Claire , Owen John R. , Russell Andrea E. , Theobald Brian , Thompsett David
Published: April 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
(C4N2H12) [FeII0.86FeIII1.14 (HPO3)1.39 (HPO4)0.47 (PO4)0.14F3]: A Fluoro—Phosphite—Hydrogenphosphate—Phosphate Iron(II,III) Mixed‐Valence Organically Templated Compound.
Authors: Fernandez‐Armas Sergio , Mesa Jose L. , Pizarro Jose L. , Garitaonandia Jose S. , Arriortua Maria I. , Rojo Teofilo
Published: April 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Stereoselective Construction of Four Consecutive Stereocenters Using [2,3]‐Wittig Rearrangement Reaction.
Authors: Toyota Masahiro , Hirota Masako , Asoh Takanobu , Ihara Masataka
Published: April 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
P‐Stereogenic P/N Hybrid Ligands: A Remarkable Switch in Enantioselectivity in Palladium‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Allylation.
Authors: Danjo Hiroshi , Higuchi Masato , Yada Mitsuhiro , Imamoto Tsuneo
Published: April 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Catalytic Asymmetric Michael Reaction of β‐Keto Esters: Effects of the Linker Heteroatom in Linked‐BINOL.
Authors: Majima Keisuke , Takita Ryo , Okada Akihiro , Ohshima Takashi , Shibasaki Masakatsu
Published: April 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
The Direct Organocatalytic Asymmetric Mannich Reaction: Unmodified Aldehydes as Nucleophiles.
Authors: Notz Wolfgang , Tanaka Fujie , Watanabe Shin‐ichi , Chowdari Naidu S. , Turner James M. , Thayumanavan Rajeswari , Barbas Carlos F. III
Published: April 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Asymmetric Alkylation of N‐Toluenesulfonylimines with Dialkylzinc Reagents Catalyzed by Copper—Chiral Amidophosphine.
Authors: Soeta Takahiro , Nagai Kazushige , Fujihara Hidetaka , Kuriyama Masami , Tomioka Kiyoshi
Published: April 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Alkyl 3‐Amino‐5‐aryl‐2‐benzoyl‐5‐oxo‐2‐pentenoates as New Chelating Ligands and Reagents of Heterocyclic Synthesis.
Authors: Dorokhov V. A. , Vasilyev A. V. , Baranin S. V. , Vorushilov A. S.
Published: April 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
The Intramolecular Baylis—Hillman Reaction: Easy Preparation of Versatile Substrates, Facile Reactions, and Synthetic Applications.
Authors: Yeo Jung Eun , Yang Xiuling , Kim Hee Jin , Koo Sangho
Published: April 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
New N‐Nitrosoamines. Part 2. Transformations of Tetrahydro‐1,3‐oxazines into Nitrates of N‐Nitrosoamino Alcohols.
Authors: Korepin A. G. , Galkin P. V. , Perepelkina E. K. , Glushakova N. M. , Lodygina V. P. , Eremenko I. L. , Nefedov S. E. , Eremenko L. T.
Published: April 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
2‐Hydroxyphenyl‐1,3‐dimethylbenzimidazolines. Formal Two Hydrogen Atom‐Donors for Photoinduced Electron Transfer Reactions.
Authors: Hasegawa Eietsu , Chiba Naoki , Takahashi Tomoya , Takizawa Shinya , Kitayama Takashi , Suzuki Toshio
Published: April 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Alkane Oxidation Catalyzed by Manganese‐tmtacn Complexes with H2O2.
Authors: Ryu Ju Yeon , Kim Sun Ok , Nam Wonwoo , Heo Soonyoung , Kim Jinheung
Published: April 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
A Mild and Convenient Method for the Reduction of Carbonyl Compounds with NaBH4 in the Presence of Catalytic Amounts of MoCl5.
Authors: Zeynizadeh Behzad , Yahyaei Saiedeh
Published: April 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Palladium‐Catalyzed Amination of 2‐Acyl‐1‐alkyl‐5‐bromopyrroles.
Authors: Castellote Isabel , Vaquero Juan J. , Alvarez‐Builla Julio
Published: April 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
First Kumada Reaction of Alkyl Chlorides Using N‐Heterocyclic Carbene/Palladium Catalyst Systems.
Authors: Frisch Anja C. , Rataboul Franck , Zapf Alexander , Beller Matthias
Published: April 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Rhenium‐Catalyzed Coupling of Propargyl Alcohols and Allyl Silanes.
Authors: Luzung Michael R. , Toste F. Dean
Published: April 2004

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Solid‐Phase Reactions of Alkanedicarboxylic Acids with the Pb(OAc)4—NH4Cl System.
Authors: Nikishin Gennady I. , Sokova Lyubov L. , Makhaev Viktor D. , Kapustina Nadezhda I.
Published: April 2004

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Fluorous Coupling Reagents: Application of 2‐Chloro‐4,6‐bis[(heptadecafluorononyl)oxy]‐1,3,5‐triazine in Peptide Synthesis.
Authors: Markowicz Marcin W. , Dembinski Roman
Published: April 2004

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Chemoselective N‐Benzenesulfonylation of Aliphatic Amines.
Authors: Kim Ho‐Kyun , Park Yong‐Dae , Kim Jeum‐Jong , Lee Me‐Ho , Chung Hyun‐A , Kweon Deok‐Heon , Cho Su‐Dong , Yoon Yong‐Jin
Published: April 2004

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A New Method for Alkoxymethyl (MOM or EOM) Protection of Thiol Functionality in Heterocyclic Compounds.
Authors: Jeong Hyung Jae , Yoon Eun‐Young , Kim Min Kyu , Lee Ji‐Hyun , Yoon Yong‐Jin , Lee Sang‐Gyeong
Published: April 2004

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Effect of Lithium Chloride on Allylation of Zirconacyclopentadienes.
Authors: Leng Lian , Xi Chanjuan , Chen Chao , Lai Chunbo
Published: April 2004

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Reagents for Efficient Conversion of Amines to Protected Guanidines.
Authors: Gers Tomasz , Kunce Danuta , Markowski Pawel , Izdebski Jan
Published: April 2004

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Monomeric Rhodium(II) Catalysts for the Preparation of Aziridines and Enantioselective Formation of Cyclopropanes from Ethyl Diazoacetate at Room Temperature.
Authors: Krumper J. R. , Gerisch M. , Suh J. M. , Bergman R. G. , Tilley T. D.
Published: April 2004

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Stereoselective Ring Opening of meso Bicyclic Hydrazines: A Straightforward Approach to Hydrazino Cyclopentenic Cores.
Authors: Perez Luna Alejandro , Cesario Michele , Bonin Martine , Micouin Laurent
Published: April 2004

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The Palladium(II)‐Catalyzed Nazarov Reaction.
Authors: Bee Cisco , Leclerc Eric , Tius Marcus A.
Published: April 2004

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Rapid Access to Tricyclic Systems: Highly Endoselective Diels—Alder Reaction of Cycloalkenones with Cyclic Dienes under Microwave Irradiation.
Authors: Karthikeyan M. , Kamakshi R. , Sridar V. , Reddy B. S. R.
Published: April 2004

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Palladium‐Catalyzed Amination of Aryl Nonaflates.
Authors: Anderson Kevin W. , Mendez‐Perez Maria , Priego Julian , Buchwald Stephen L.
Published: April 2004

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Direct Radical Polymerization of 4‐Styryldiphenylphosphine: Preparation of Cross‐Linked and Non‐Cross‐Linked Triphenylphosphine‐Containing Polystyrene Polymers.
Authors: Choi Matthew Kwok Wai , He Helen Song , Toy Patrick H.
Published: April 2004

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New Role of CO2 as a Selective Agent in Palladium‐Catalyzed Reductive Ullmann Coupling with Zinc in Water.
Authors: Li Jin‐Heng , Xie Ye‐Xiang , Yin Du‐Lin
Published: April 2004

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3,5‐Bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl Sulfones in the Modified Julia Olefination: Application to the Synthesis of Resveratrol.
Authors: Alonso Diego A. , Najera Carmen , Varea Montserrat
Published: April 2004

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Disc‐Shaped Triphenylenes in a Smectic Organisation.
Authors: Kouwer Paul H. J. , Pourzand Jahan , Mehl Georg H.
Published: April 2004

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Facile Alkane Functionalization in Copper‐[2.1.1]‐(2,6)‐pyridinophane‐PhINTs Systems.
Authors: Vedernikov Andrei N. , Caulton Kenneth G.
Published: April 2004

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New Photochemical Reaction in the Series of Diazofuranones.
Authors: Rodina L. L. , Mishchenko V. L. , Malashikhin S. A. , Platz M. , Nikolaev V. A.
Published: April 2004

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Unexpected Reaction of a Dimethylzinc‐Generated THF Radical with Aldehydes.
Authors: Yamamoto Yasutomo , Yamada Ken‐ichi , Tomioka Kiyoshi
Published: April 2004

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Chemoselective, Regioselective, and E/Z‐Diastereoselective Synthesis of 2‐Alkylidenetetrahydrofurans by Sequential Reactions of Ambident Dianions and Monoanions.
Authors: Langer Peter , Bellur Esen
Published: April 2004

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Hydroperoxide and Endoperoxide Lactones from Photooxygenation of 3‐Alkylidenedihydrofuran‐2,4‐diones.
Authors: Schobert Rainer , Stehle Ralf , Milius Wolfgang
Published: April 2004

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Synthesis of Azulenequinones Fused with Thiophene and Furan.
Authors: Matsuo Hideyuki , Fujimori Kunihide , Ohta Akira , Kakehi Akikazu , Yasunami Masafumi , Nozoe Tetsuo
Published: April 2004

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Reactions of Naphtho[b]cyclopropene with Isothiocyanate Derivatives to Give [2π + 2σ] Type Cycloadducts Using the Thiocarbonyl Moieties as 2π Components.
Authors: Saito Katsuhiro , Hagari Satoshi , Ito Naoko , Kuriyama Tomoko , Ono Katsuhiko , Ohkita Masakazu
Published: April 2004

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A Simple, Two‐Step Synthesis of 3‐Iodoindoles.
Authors: Amjad Muhammad , Knight David W.
Published: April 2004

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SRN1 Reactions in the Nitrobenzo[1,3]dioxole Series.
Authors: Meuche‐Albeny J. , Rathelot P. , Crozet M. P. , Vanelle P.
Published: April 2004

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Solution Phase Synthesis of Imidazo[1,2‐b]pyrazol‐2‐one, an Interesting 5,5‐Fused Heterocyclic Ring System.
Authors: Blass Benjamin E. , Srivastava Anil , Coburn Keith R. , Faulkner Amy L. , Janusz John J. , Ridgeway James M. , Seibel William L.
Published: April 2004

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Aminoimidazoles as Bioisosteres of Acylguanidines: Novel, Potent, Selective and Orally Bioavailable Inhibitors of the Sodium Hydrogen Exchanger Isoform‐1.
Authors: Ahmad Saleem , et al. et al.
Published: April 2004

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A Novel Approach to the Synthesis of [1,2‐a]Fused Polymethylenebenzimidazoles.
Authors: Nazarenko Konstantin G. , Shyrokaya Tatyana I. , Shvidenko Konstantin V. , Tolmachev Andrei A.
Published: April 2004

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Synthesis of 1,3‐Oxazolidines and 1,3‐Dioxolanes by Reaction of (2R,3R)‐3‐Methylamino‐3‐phenyl‐1,2‐propanediol with Electrophiles.
Authors: Hajji Chakib , Zaballos‐Garcia Elena , Sepulveda‐Arques Jose
Published: April 2004

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Construction of Previously Inaccessible 2‐Amino‐4‐benzyl Substituted Oxazoles.
Authors: Lindsey Christopher C. , O'Boyle Brendan M. , Mercede Stephanie J. , Pettus Thomas R. R.
Published: April 2004

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Design of a New and Highly Effective Chiral Auxiliary for Diels—Alder Reaction of 1‐Aminodiene.
Authors: Robiette Raphael , Cheboub‐Benchaba Karima , Peeters Daniel , Marchand‐Brynaert Jaqueline
Published: April 2004

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New Synthesis of Optically Active 5‐Isoxazolidinones and β‐Amino Acids.
Authors: Luisi Renzo , Capriati Vito , Florio Saverio , Vista Teresa
Published: April 2004

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Reactions of γ‐Sultines with Electrophilic Reagents. Part 3. Chlorination of 3,5‐Diaryl‐1,2‐oxathiolane 2‐Oxides.
Authors: Grigor'ev E. V. , Saginova L. G. , Kleimenova I. Yu.
Published: April 2004

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Synthesis of Isoxazolylpyrazolo[3,4‐d]thiazoles and Isoxazolylthiazoles and Their Antibacterial and Antifungal Activity.
Authors: Rajanarendar E. , Afzal Md. , Karunakar D.
Published: April 2004

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Synthesis of 1,2‐Benzisothiazolin‐3‐one by Transamination of Sulfenamides.
Authors: Shimizu Masao , Takeda Ayanobu , Fukazawa Hidenori , Abe Yoshimoto , Shibuya Isao
Published: April 2004

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Reactions of 1,2,3‐Triazoles with Trifluoromethanesulfonyl Chloride and Trifluoromethanesulfonic Anhydride.
Authors: Meshcheryakov V. I. , Shainyan B. A. , Tolstikova L. L. , Albanov A. I.
Published: April 2004

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Chemoselective Tetrahydropyranylation of Alcohols and Phenols Using Polystyrene Supported Aluminum Chloride as a Catalyst.
Authors: Tamami Bahman , Borujeny Kaveh Parvanak
Published: April 2004

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A Diels—Alder Synthesis of Pyridines.
Authors: Hendrickson J. B. , Wang Jian
Published: April 2004

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A Practical Synthesis of Lithium 3‐Fluoropyridine‐2‐carboxylate.
Authors: Emerson Khateeta M. , Wilson Robert D. , Ashwood Michael S. , Kennedy Derek J. , Hands David , Brands Karel M. J. , Cottrell Ian F. , Dolling Ulf‐H.
Published: April 2004

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Microwave‐Assisted Solvent Free Amination of Halo‐(pyridine or pyrimidine) Without Transition Metal Catalyst.
Authors: Narayan Sanjay , Seelhammer Troy , Gawley Robert E.
Published: April 2004

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Allylstannation of N‐Acyliminium Intermediates: A Possible Method for the Stereocontrolled Synthesis of Polyhydroxypiperidines.
Authors: Chevallier Floris , Beaudet Isabelle , Le Grognec Erwan , Toupet Loic , Quintard Jean‐Paul
Published: April 2004

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Discovery of a Potent, Selective and Orally Active Canine COX‐2 Inhibitor, 2‐(3‐Difluoromethyl‐5‐phenyl‐pyrazol‐1‐yl)‐5‐methanesulfonyl‐pyridine.
Authors: Li Jin , et al. et al.
Published: April 2004

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New Orally Active PDF4 Inhibitors with Therapeutic Potential.
Authors: Ochiai Hiroshi , Ishida Akiharu , Ohtani Tazumi , Kusumi Kensuke , Kishikawa Katuya , Obata Takaaki , Nakai Hisao , Toda Masaaki
Published: April 2004

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Substituted Furo[3,2‐b]pyridines: Novel Bioisosteres of 5‐HT1F Receptor Agonists.
Authors: Mathes Brian M. , et al. et al.
Published: April 2004

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Direct N‐Nitration of Bis(trifluoromethyl)‐Containing 2‐Azanorbornanes.
Authors: Nagaev V. M. , Sokol'skii G. A. , Khokhlov S. S. , Eleev A. F.
Published: April 2004

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Base Catalyzed Pyrimidine Synthesis Using Microwave.
Authors: Kidwai M. , Rastogi S. , Saxena S.
Published: April 2004

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A Novel Route to the Niementowski Reaction
Authors: Kidwai Mazaahir , Rastogi Shweta , Mohan Richa , Ruby Ruby
Published: April 2004

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Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of [4‐(2‐Phenylethenesulfonylmethyl)phenyl]‐quinazolin‐4‐yl‐amines as Orally Active Anticancer Agents.
Authors: Sharma Vedula M. , et al. et al.
Published: April 2004

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Synthesis of Fused Dihydropyrimidinones from Cyclic‐1,3‐dicarbonyl Compounds: Modified Biginelli Synthesis of 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8‐Octahydroquinazolinediones and 3,4‐Dihydro‐1H‐indeno[1,2‐d]pyrimidine‐2,5‐diones.
Authors: Shanmugam Pachaiyappan , Sabastein Cruz , Perumal Paramasivan T.
Published: April 2004

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Thiadiazolyl Quinazolones as Potential Antiviral and Antihypertensive Agents.
Authors: Pandey V. K. , Tusi Sarah , Tusi Zehra , Raghubir R. , Dixit M. , Joshi M. N. , Bajpai S. K.
Published: April 2004

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Synthesis of Pyrimidine Derivatives Possessing an Antioxidative Property and Their Inhibitory Effects on Picryl Chloride‐Induced Contact Hypersensitivity Reaction.
Authors: Isobe Yoshiaki , Hirota Kosaku
Published: April 2004

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1,3‐Dipolar Cycloaddition Reactions of Pyridinium Azomethine Ylides Containing 5,6‐Dicyanopyrazines.
Authors: Jaung Jae‐yun , Jung Young‐Sik
Published: April 2004

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Microwave‐Assisted Conversion of Nitriles to Thioamides in Solvent‐Free Condition.
Authors: Moghaddam Firouz Matloubi , Hojabri Leila , Dohendou Mohammad
Published: April 2004

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Reaction of 2‐Amino‐4‐arylamino‐6‐chloromethyl‐sym‐triazines with S,O‐Nucleophiles.
Authors: Krylski D. W. , Shikhaliev Kh. S. , Liberman M. M. , Solov'ev A. S.
Published: April 2004

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Attempt Toward [2.2](2,4) anti‐Thiazolophane: Synthesis and Conformational Analysis of the Key Intermediate Bislactone‐Bridged Thiazolophane.
Authors: Mashraqui Sabir H. , Lele Sushma S.
Published: April 2004

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Insertion Reactions of Nitrosobenzene and Ketenes into Silaaziridines.
Authors: Brook Adrian G. , Habtemariam Abraha
Published: April 2004

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A Stereoselective Palladium‐Calalyzed Synthesis of Amino Alkenyl Geminal Bisphosphonates.
Authors: Moreau Pierre , Maffei Michel
Published: April 2004

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Solid‐State Interaction of Trimethylammonioalkylferrocene Iodides with Primary Amines.
Authors: Khrushcheva N. S. , Shakhova O. V. , Sokolov V. I.
Published: April 2004

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A Trypanocidal Diterpene with Novel Skeleton from Dracocephalum komarovi.
Authors: Uchiyama Nahoko , Ito Michiho , Kiuchi Fumiyuki , Honda Gisho , Takeda Yoshio , Khodzhimatov Olimjon K. , Ashurmetov Ozodbek A.
Published: April 2004

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Two Novel 9,11‐seco‐11‐Norabietanes from the Roots of Taiwania cryptomerioides
Authors: Chyu Chiou‐Feng , Chiang Yi‐Ming , Lin Hsiu‐Chuan , Kuo Yueh‐Hsiung
Published: April 2004

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A Novel Short Synthesis of Norbisabolide.
Authors: Solabannavar S. B. , Wadgaonkar P. P. , Desai Uday V. , Mane R. B.
Published: April 2004

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