bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Aircraft Position Estimation Using Deep Convolutional Neural Networks for Low SNR (Signal-to-Noise Ratio) Values
Authors: Mazurek Przemyslaw , Chlewicki Wojciech
Published: December 2024

The safety of the airspace could be improved by the use of visual methods for the detection and tracking of aircraft. However, in the case of the small angular size of airplanes and the high noise level in the image, sufficient use of such methods might be difficult. By using the ConvNN (Convolutional Neural Network), it is possible to obtain a detector that performs the segmentation task for aircraft images that are very small and lost in the background noise. In the learning process, a database of actual aircraft images was used. Using the Monte Carlo method, four types of Max algorithms, i.e., Pixel Value, Min. Pixel Value, and Max. Abs. Pixel Value, were compared with ConvNN’s forward architecture. The obtained results showed superior detection with ConvNN. For example, if the standard deviation equals 0.1, it was twice as large. Deep dream analysis for network layers is presented, which shows a preference for images with horizontal contrast lines. The proposed solution uses the processed image values for the tracking process with the raw data using the Track-Before-Detect method.
Retrieving and Identifying Remnants of Artefacts on Local Devices Using Sync.com Cloud
Authors: Ahmed Abdulghani Ali , Farhan Khalid , Ninggal Mohd Izuan Hafez , Alselwi Ghadir
Published: December 2024

Most current research in cloud forensics is focused on tackling the challenges encountered by forensic investigators in identifying and recovering artifacts from cloud devices. These challenges arise from the diverse array of cloud service providers as each has its distinct rules, guidelines, and requirements. This research proposes an investigation technique for identifying and locating data remnants in two main stages: artefact collection and evidence identification. In the artefacts collection stage, the proposed technique determines the location of the artefacts in cloud storage and collects them for further investigation in the next stage. In the evidence identification stage, the collected artefacts are investigated to identify the evidence relevant to the cybercrime currently being investigated. These two stages perform an integrated process for mitigating the difficulty of locating the artefacts and reducing the time of identifying the relevant evidence. The proposed technique is implemented and tested by applying a forensics investigation algorithm on Sync.com cloud storage using the Microsoft Windows 10 operating system.
The Impact of Recreational Activities on Ecology: An Evidence-Based Systematic Review and Bibliometric Analysis
Authors: Sardar Sazu , Islam Md. Mazharul
Published: December 2024

Recreational activities are essential in the field of tourism as they improve the overall travel experience and offer chances for relaxation, adventure, cultural immersion, and personal development. However, the activities certainly generate an impact. This review-based study identified and synthesized 21 impact-based research papers in indexed journals from 2004 to 2022. The selected papers underwent four steps of an evidence-based systematic review. Content analysis was used to categorize impacts by theme. Additionally, bibliometric analysis was used to identify research trends. This study found that recreational activities affect the biotic environment of ecology by introducing invasive species, changing behavior and habitat, and reducing population density. The abiotic environment is also affected by soil compaction, degradation, littering, and water pollution. It was also found that management interventions are highly recommended for mitigating negative impacts. The major contribution of this study is that researchers, policymakers, and practitioners can gain valuable insights from the results as it offers a thorough synthesis of the impact of recreational activities, which may be put into immediate action to mitigate negative impacts.
A Spatial-Temporal Exploration of Coordination Failures Preceding Coal Mine Explosion Accidents in China
Authors: Li Wenwen , Du Gu , Chen Lu , Zhang Ruochen , Chen An
Published: December 2024

Coal remains a crucial component of China’s energy supply, with production exceeding half of the global output in 2023. Despite safety improvements, the fatality rate in coal mining rose significantly, underscoring ongoing safety challenges. A total of 174 coal mine explosion investigation reports from China between 2000 and 2024 were analyzed, extracting and mining text related to coordination failures. The texts were categorized by time and region, creating two temporal datasets (2000–2018 and 2019–2024) and six regional datasets (Northeast, East, Central South, Southwest, Northwest, and North China). Using frequent itemset mining and social network construction, the concept of risk propagation was applied to identify the critical paths that lead to coal mine explosions. Over time, coordination failures in China’s coal mine explosions have evolved from localized issues among a few stakeholders to complex, multi-layered challenges involving broader governmental oversight and systemic management issues. Based on regional findings, balancing the frequency and severity of penalties, ensuring meaningful safety inspections, and alleviating the policy pressure on small coal mines are key points for addressing coordination failures.
Impact of Soil Type and Moisture Content on Microwave-Assisted Remediation of Hydrocarbon-Contaminated Soil
Authors: Xu Jun , Liu Songtao , Chen Chuanmin
Published: December 2024

Volatile and semi-volatile compounds, such as petroleum hydrocarbons and equipment lubricating oils, often contaminate soil due to accidents, posing significant ecological and health risks. Traditional soil remediation methods, such as thermal desorption and bioremediation, are time-consuming and resource-intensive, prompting researchers to explore more efficient alternatives. This study investigates the effectiveness of an in situ reactor for microwave-assisted soil remediation, specifically focusing on the impact of soil type and moisture content on pollutant removal efficiency. The reactor, designed to operate within a modified household microwave oven, provides direct microwave irradiation to the soil surface, enabling precise control of heating conditions. Experiments were conducted using soil samples of varying particle sizes and moisture levels under standardized conditions (1000 W microwave power, 2.45 GHz frequency). The results show that moisture content plays a critical role in pollutant removal efficiency, with an optimal moisture content of 10 wt % enhancing microwave absorption and energy transfer, thus improving pollutant recovery. In comparison with traditional resistive heating, microwave heating achieved a faster temperature rise and higher final temperatures, significantly improving pollutant removal efficiency in a shorter time frame. This study highlights the advantages of microwave heating, including its superior energy efficiency, faster pollutant volatilization, and the potential for optimized soil remediation in real-world applications. These findings provide valuable insights for the development of more sustainable and efficient soil remediation technologies.
The Dark Side of Leadership: How Toxic Leadership Fuels Counterproductive Work Behaviors Through Organizational Cynicism and Injustice
Authors: Ahmed Mohamed Abdelkhalek Omar , Zhang Junguang , Fouad Ahmed Sabry , Mousa Kawther , Nour Hamdy Mohamed
Published: December 2024

This article aims to investigate the impact of toxic leadership (TL) on counterproductive work behavior (CWB) with the mediating roles of organizational cynicism (OC) and organizational injustice (OIJ), using 392 questionnaires collected from employees working in the Egyptian higher education sector. The data are examined using AMOS 25 for structural equation model (SEM) analysis. The results show that toxic leadership positively affects CWBs, organizational cynicism, and organizational injustice. Furthermore, organizational cynicism positively affects CWBs, and organizational injustice significantly affects CWBs. Finally, organizational cynicism and injustice partially mediate the relationship between toxic leadership and CWBs. This study adds novelty to the literature by exploring the influence of toxic leadership on CWBs, OC, and OIJ in Egypt’s higher education sector. As a result, addressing the prevalence of toxic leadership and its ripple effects is essential for fostering sustainable organizational cultures. Sustainable work environments prioritize fairness, employee well-being, and positive leadership practices, reducing counterproductive behaviors. Finally, this article reviews the limitations but also assesses the substantial contributions to theory and practice made by the paper.
Circular Economy of Plastic: Revisiting Material Requirements Planning Practices for Managing Uncertain Supply
Authors: Omair Muhammad , Stingl Verena , Wæhrens Brian Vejrum
Published: December 2024

Regulation and customer awareness pressurize manufacturers to use recycled plastic (RP) in the production system to reduce the negative environmental impact of plastic waste for sustainable production. Compared to virgin materials, the RP available in the market shows high variation in quality, composition, and properties, and often experiences higher variability in lead time. This renders the supply chain of RP and the production systems more vulnerable, making it difficult for material requirement planning (MRP) to decide the optimal quantity and reorder time. This paper first examines the RP supply chain and the sources of variations therein, identifies the associated uncertainties for operations management, reviews the current MRP design elements in managing supply uncertainty, and finally aligns strategies and design elements with the dimensions of the uncertainties. A set of valuable propositions is drawn for the plastic firms to manage variation from upstream suppliers and promote a high-value chain of plastic circularity. MRP practices at the operational level including safety stock, optimization techniques, and alternative bills of material are proposed to mitigate the variations in the supply chain. The work provides a conceptual foundation for the circular economy of plastic, which opens a new paradigm of future research in managing RP in the production system for sustainability.
Post-COVID-19 Sojourn Choices: Exploring the Distribution and Preferences of Chinese Digital Nomads Based on the Lifestyle Migration Theory
Authors: Yang Chenrui , Shao Jun , Zhao Yamin
Published: December 2024

With the advancement of digital technologies and the gradual waning of the pandemic’s impact, digital nomads have attracted significant attention from academia and industry as an emerging social group. Existing studies regarding the distribution and destination selection preferences of digital nomads remain lacking. This study aims to investigate the distribution patterns and destination selection preferences of Chinese digital nomads, guided by the lifestyle migration theory. Specifically, we address the following research questions: Where do Chinese digital nomads choose to sojourn post-pandemic, and what factors influence their destination preferences? Using a qualitative approach based on grounded theory, we analyze text data from China’s largest video-based social platform to uncover key factors shaping digital nomads’ choices. The findings reveal that Chinese digital nomads consider five key dimensions when selecting a destination: basic living conditions, social environment, work opportunities, travel experience, and local integrated environment. Notably, compared to traditional migrant groups, digital nomads demonstrate stronger online and sharing behaviors in work and social interactions. Additionally, “travel” is identified as a new category. This study makes a theoretical contribution by expanding the application of lifestyle migration theory to digital nomadism, offering new insights into contemporary migration behaviors. It also provides practical guidance for travel destination planning and management to better accommodate the preferences of this emerging group.
Optimal Control of Interventions for Lymphatic Filariasis Disease Incorporating Resistant Strains
Authors: Bala Yusuf , Momoh Abdulfatai Atte , Odekunle Remilekun Mathew , Modu Goni Umar , Ahmed Idris , Tariboon Jessada
Published: December 2024

A deterministic model for controlling the neglected tropical filariasis disease known as elephantiasis, caused by a filarial worm, is developed. The model incorporates drug resistance in human and insecticide-resistant vector populations. An investigation into whether the model is of biological importance reveals that it is positively invariant, mathematically well posed, and tractable for epidemiological studies. The filariasis-free and filariasis-present equilibrium points were obtained. The next-generation matrix technique is used to derive the basic reproduction number R0, which is then used to determine the local stability analysis of the model. It is established that the system is locally asymptotically stable when R0<1. The technique by Castillo-Chavez and a Lyapunov function were employed to prove the global stability of the model’s fixed points. The results of this analysis of filariasis-free equilibrium show that the system is globally asymptotically stable when R0<1 and unstable when R0>1. Similarly, the filariasis-present equilibrium point is proved to be globally asymptotically stable when R0>1 and unstable otherwise. This indicates that the fight against the spread of the disease is achievable. It is observed that increasing human-infected mosquito contacts or mosquito-infected human contacts raises the value of R0, whereas decreasing the progression of micro-filaria into infective larva and killing more mosquitoes will decrease the R0 value according to the sensitivity analysis of the model. The variable precision arithmetic technique executed in MATLAB R2014a was used to determine the elasticity indices of the parameters of R0, which showed that the value of R0=0.94639. Further investigations revealed that ω2 has a significant influence on the reproduction number, suggesting that treatment of acute infections is crucial in the control of the disease. Pontryagin’s Maximum Principle (PMP) is used for optimal control analysis. The numerical result revealed that strategy D is the most effective based on the infection averted ratio (IAR) value.
Enhanced Disc Herniation Classification Using Grey Wolf Optimization Based on Hybrid Feature Extraction and Deep Learning Methods
Authors: Sarı Yasemin , Aydın Atasoy Nesrin
Published: December 2024

Due to the increasing number of people working at computers in professional settings, the incidence of lumbar disc herniation is increasing. Background/Objectives: The early diagnosis and treatment of lumbar disc herniation is much more likely to yield favorable results, allowing the hernia to be treated before it develops further. The aim of this study was to classify lumbar disc herniations in a computer-aided, fully automated manner using magnetic resonance images (MRIs). Methods: This study presents a hybrid method integrating residual network (ResNet50), grey wolf optimization (GWO), and machine learning classifiers such as multi-layer perceptron (MLP) and support vector machine (SVM) to improve classification performance. The proposed approach begins with feature extraction using ResNet50, a deep convolutional neural network known for its robust feature representation capabilities. ResNet50’s residual connections allow for effective training and high-quality feature extraction from input images. Following feature extraction, the GWO algorithm, inspired by the social hierarchy and hunting behavior of grey wolves, is employed to optimize the feature set by selecting the most relevant features. Finally, the optimized feature set is fed into machine learning classifiers (MLP and SVM) for classification. The use of various activation functions (e.g., ReLU, identity, logistic, and tanh) in MLP and various kernel functions (e.g., linear, rbf, sigmoid, and polynomial) in SVM allows for a thorough evaluation of the classifiers’ performance. Results: The proposed methodology demonstrates significant improvements in metrics such as accuracy, precision, recall, and F1 score, outperforming traditional approaches in several cases. These results highlight the effectiveness of combining deep learning-based feature extraction with optimization and machine learning classifiers. Conclusions: Compared to other methods, such as capsule networks (CapsNet), EfficientNetB6, and DenseNet169, the proposed ResNet50-GWO-SVM approach achieved superior performance across all metrics, including accuracy, precision, recall, and F1 score, demonstrating its robustness and effectiveness in classification tasks.
Associations of Urinary Perchlorate, Nitrate, and Thiocyanate with Female Infertility and Mediation of Obesity: Insights from NHANES 2013–2018
Authors: Zhang Lan , Peng Yuhe , Song Yue , Zhang Yu , Qin Qi , Ying Mengya , Bi Yiyun , Yin Ping
Published: December 2024

Classified as endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs), perchlorate, nitrate, and thiocyanate have been implicated with obesity and reproductive disorders. This study used three cycles of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES 2013–2018); 813 women of reproductive age were finally included. We used multivariable logistic regression to analyze the associations between the three anions and obesity and infertility. Subsequently, we performed mediation analysis to explore the potential mediating effect of obesity on infertility in association with anion exposure. Increased concentrations of perchlorate and nitrate showed inverse correlations with the risk of obesity (OR = 0.73, 95% CI: 0.55–0.96; OR = 0.59, 95% CI: 0.40–0.87). Perchlorate was negatively associated with infertility (OR = 0.68, 95% CI: 0.51–0.91), and obesity was a mediator in association between perchlorate and infertility. These findings suggest that women of reproductive age may be protected from obesity and infertility by exposure to perchlorate and nitrate, with obesity acting as a moderating factor in the observed association. This study provides a valuable understanding of the complex links between environmental contaminants, obesity, and reproductive health, and identifies potential strategies to reduce the risk of infertility and improve women’s health.
The Global Burden of Emerging and Re-Emerging Orbiviruses in Livestock: An Emphasis on Bluetongue Virus and Epizootic Hemorrhagic Disease Virus
Authors: Barua Shanta , Rana Eaftekhar Ahmed , Prodhan M. Asaduzzaman , Akter Syeda Hasina , Gogoi-Tiwari Jully , Sarker Subir , Annandale Henry , Eagles Debbie , Abraham Sam , Uddin Jasim M.
Published: December 2024

Bluetongue virus (BTV) and epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus (EHDV) are vector-borne orbiviruses that pose an emerging threat to livestock, including cattle and sheep. This review summarizes the global distribution, genetic diversity, and key factors driving their spread along with the existing knowledge gaps and recommendations to mitigate their impact. Both viruses cause hemorrhagic disease in susceptible ruminants and are commonly reported in tropical and subtropical regions including North America, Asia, Africa, Oceania, and some parts of Europe. The geographical distribution of these viruses, encompassing 27 BTV and 7 EHDV serotypes, has shifted, particularly with the recent invasion of BTV-3, 4, and 8 and EHDV-8 serotypes in Europe. Several factors contribute to the recent spread of these viruses such as the distribution of virulent strains by the movement of temperature-dependent Culicoides vectors into new areas due to rapid climate change, the reassortment of viral strains during mixed infections, and unrestricted global trade. These diseases cause significant economic impacts including morbidity, mortality, reduced production, high management costs, and the disruption of international trade. Effective prevention and control strategies are paramount and rely on vaccination, vector control using insecticides, and the destruction of breeding sites, husbandry practices including the isolation and quarantine of infected hosts, restriction of animal movement, prompt diagnosis and identification of circulating strains, and effective surveillance and monitoring plans such as the pre-export and post-import screening of semen used for artificial insemination. However, challenges remain with intercontinental virus spread, live vaccines, and the failure of inactivated vaccines to produce protective immunity against dissimilar strains. Significant knowledge gaps highlight the need for a better scientific understanding and a strategic plan to ensure healthy livestock and global food security.
Assessment of the Knowledge, Attitude, and Perception (KAP) of Sheep Farmers Regarding Ticks and Tick-Borne Pathogens in Tunisia, North Africa
Authors: Khamassi Khbou Médiha , Rekik Syrine , Romdhane Rihab , Sassi Limam , Bergmann Felicitas , Groschup Martin H. , Rekik Mourad , Gharbi Mohamed
Published: December 2024

Ticks and tick-borne pathogens (TBPs) are a threat to human and animal health worldwide. A structured questionnaire was used to assess the knowledge, attitudes/practices, and perceptions (KAP) of 86 farmers of extensive sheep farming systems across different agro-ecological areas in Tunisia. The response rate was about 91.3%. Overall, 68.5% of the questions referring to knowledge and perceptions were answered correctly. Indeed, about half of the respondents were aware that ticks infest animals, with weight loss given as the major consequence. However, more than half of the farmers were unaware of the transmission and vectorial role of ticks. Those who knew that ticks are vectors cited microbes and icterus as the main concerns. A broad majority of farmers (70.9%) stated that they removed the attached ticks manually and 45.3% crushed them. As acaricides were perceived to be efficient for fighting ticks, according to 97.7% of the sheep farmers, they were used for both the animals and their sleeping areas. Although the toxicity of acaricides is known, 59.3% of the respondents did not use personal protection equipment when applying these products. Taken together, gaps in KAP among sheep farmers were identified. It can be used to better design awareness communication tools for TBPs.
Microgeographical Variation in Dirofilaria immitis Prevalence in Dogs in Suburban and Urban Areas of Rio De Janeiro, Brazil
Authors: Chocobar Marianna Laura Elis , Schmidt Elizabeth Moreira dos Santos , Mendes Ângelo Joel Ferreira , Johnson Paul Christopher Duncan , Weir William , Panarese Rossella
Published: December 2024

Dirofilariosis, a mosquito-borne disease caused by Dirofilaria immitis and Dirofilaria repens, affects canids, felids and occasionally humans. Recent evidence suggests that D. immitis prevalence is rising in the canine populations in several areas of Brazil, even those historically considered to be non-endemic, highlighting the need for ongoing surveillance. However, prevalence studies are frequently based on inference from single diagnostic methods, and it is acknowledged that this may lead to biases and an underestimation of the disease situation. Thus, this cross-sectional study aimed to assess the prevalence of Dirofilaria spp. infection in dogs and cats across suburban and urban areas in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The investigation was conducted using a multi-diagnostic approach with binomial generalised linear models (GLMs) applied to investigate the association between the occurrence of infection and potential disease determinants. Blood samples from 497 dogs and 107 cats, collected at a veterinary mobile neutering unit, underwent parasitological, serological and molecular testing to detect Dirofilaria spp. infections. Among the dog samples, an overall 7.44% tested positive for D. immitis infection, while D. repens was not detected. In contrast, no cat samples tested positive for either parasite species. Prevalence was notably higher in suburban areas (14.47%) than in the urban area of Rio de Janeiro (6.17%) (p = 0.003). Dogs aged over two years had a higher risk of being infected (p < 0.001), while features such as breed, sex, size, coat type, use of macrocyclic lactones or access to outdoor spaces were not found to be predictive factors. This study reinforces the evidence that the prevalence of D. immitis is increasing in areas previously considered to have low prevalence or to be non-endemic. It also suggests that environmental and socioeconomic factors may play a key role in determining the current epidemiological status of this parasite. These findings highlight the need for increased monitoring in high-risk areas, targeted prevention and public awareness to address this emerging One Health concern.
Management of Pregnancy and Childbirth in Patients with Brain Tumors
Authors:   N.I. Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Ivannikov N.Yu. , Sibirskaya Ye.V. ,   Russian Medical University,   Dolgoprudny Central City Hospital, Varavka Ye.S.
Published: December 2024

The joint course of the tumor process in the brain and pregnancy is a rare phenomenon in medical practice, therefore, the choice of tactics for pregnancy and childbirth in patients with brain tumors remains a difficult task. The frequency of maternal and infant mortality depends on the timeliness of diagnosis and adequate treatment of brain tumors.
Reproductive Health of Women with Epilepsy
Authors:   Dolgoprudny Central City Hospital, Torubarov S.F. , Ivannikov N.Yu. , Sibirskaya Ye.V. , Gorshkova D.V. ,   Russian Medical University,   N.I. Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University
Published: December 2024

The prevalence of epilepsy is high, and its debut often occurs during puberty. Patients with epilepsy should pay special attention to solving issues related to the choice of the type of contraception and pregnancy planning.
The article analyzes the risks associated with the effect of epileptic seizures on the reproductive system, the dependence of the course of the disease on the level of steroid sex hormones, the possibility of prescribing antiepileptic drugs (APD), their interaction with combined hormonal contraceptives, the danger of seizures during pregnancy, teratogenic risks arising from taking APD, as well as the features of breastfeeding and pre-pregnancy preparation.
Diagnosis of Endometriosis of the Transverse Slope of the Rectum
Authors:   V.D. Seredavin Samara Regional Clinical Hospital, Zolotovitskaya O.S. , Podoba S.N. , Potyakina Ye.Ye. , Diyarova E.R. ,   N.I. Pirogov Samara City Clinical Hospital № 1,   Neftegorskaya Central District Hospital, Kuptsova A.K. , Inkina Yu.V. , Sukhinin V.Yu.
Published: December 2024

The transverse fold of the rectum is the largest fold, it departs from the right wall of the intestine 6 cm above the anus. The other two start from the left wall of the rectum, which create a jagged or scalloped line around the circumference. At the level of this line, the cubic epithelium of the mucous membrane of the rectum passes into the multilayer squamous epithelium of the skin. A rare clinical case of pathology of the transverse fold of the rectum in a 39-year-old patient is presented, as well as the results of cytological and histological studies of the surgical material. This publication may be of interest to doctors of various specialties in the aspect of diagnosis of non-tumor diseases of the rectum.
Understanding ethnic inequalities in diagnostic intervals of cancer: a cohort study of patients presenting suspected cancer symptoms to general practitioners in England.
Authors: Martins Tanimola , Down Liz , Samuels Alfred , Lavu Deepthi , Hamilton William , Abel Gary A. , Neal Richard
Published: December 2024

Background: UK Asian and black patients experience longer cancer diagnostic intervals - period between initial symptomatic presentation in primary care and cancer diagnosis. Aim: To determine whether these differences are due to prolonged primary care intervals (period between first primary care presentation and secondary care referral), referral interval (period between referral and first secondary-care appointment) or secondary care interval (period between the first secondary care appointment and diagnosis). Design and Setting: We conducted a cohort study of patients with seven common cancers (breast, lung, prostate, colorectal, oesophagogastric, myeloma, and ovarian), diagnosed after presenting symptoms in English primary care. Methods: Information on symptom presentation and cancer diagnosis was extracted from cancer registry-linked primary care data. Accelerated failure-time models were used to investigate ethnic differences across all four intervals. Results: Across all sites, diagnostic intervals were longer for Asian and black patients compared to white patients. Site-specific analyses showed that, for myeloma, lung, prostate, and colorectal, the secondary care interval was longer in Asian and black patients who also had longer primary care interval in breast and colorectal cancer. There was little evidence of ethnic differences in referral interval. Conclusion: We found evidence of ethnic differences in diagnostic intervals, with prolonged secondary care intervals for four common cancers and prolonged primary care intervals for two. Although these differences are relatively modest, they are unjustified and may indicate shortcomings in healthcare delivery that disproportionately affect ethnic minorities.
VARIATIONS IN LEUKOCYTE COUNTS OF TUBERCULOSIS PATIENTS DURING THE TREATMENT PERIOD
Authors: Mfh Aini Aini
Published: December 2024

Background: Tuberculosis is one of the deadliest infectious diseases in the world. The disease is caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis bacteria that spread in the air through the saliva of the patient. Infection from these bacteriacauses an increase in leukocytes in the blood as a form of body resistance in the process of phagocytosis. Administrationof anti-tuberculosis drugs during the first-line phase can kill bacteria and relieve symptoms arising from infection becausethese drugs have an effect on the work of the spinal cord in producing new blood cells. Research Objective: This study aims to determine the variation of leukocyte count of tuberculosis patients who are undergoing the first-line phase of treatment as an indication of cure rate. Research Methods: The research method used was analytic cross sectional, whichwas then analyzed by performing normality and homogeneity tests, then continued with the one way anova test. Results: The results of this study showed the average leukocyte value in the first month of treatment was 5,026 cells/mm3 blood, month two 9,415 cells/mm3 blood, month three 6,140 cells/mm3 , month four 6,566 cells/mm3 , month five 6,054 cells/mm3, and month six 6,667 cells/mm3 . With an average value of all 6,776 cells/mm3 . Conclusion: From these results, it can be concluded that there is a significant difference in the variation of leukocyte counts between the six treatment duration groups with an overall mean value of 6,776 cells/mm3 blood... The significant difference in leukocyte count variation between the six treatment duration groups indicates that leukocytes can be used as a benchmark to determine indications of the recovery rate of tuberculosis patients who are undergoing the first line of treatment.
APLIKASI R BERBASIS MATRIKS DATA DALAM ANALISIS INDEKS HARGA AGREGAT TERTIMBANG FISHER
Authors: Prabowo Soekardi Hadi
Published: December 2024

Paper ini membahas Aplikasi R basis Matriks Data dalam Hitung Indeks harga Agregat tertimbang Fisher, suatu ukuran statistik yang meliputi perubahan-perubahan kelomok komoditas harga dari satu periode ke periode lainnya. Indeks Fisher dianggap Indeks Harga Agregatif Ideal, sebab merupakan kompromi yang mengoreksi bias ke atas dari Indeks Harga Laspeyres dan bias ke bawah dari Indeks Harga Paasche dengan mengambil rata-rata geometris dari dua indeks tertimbang tersebut.  Aplikasi olah data perhitungannya menggunakan perangkat lunak bahasa  R, bersifat gratis dan  sangat baik digunakan untuk melakukan program Komputasi berbasis  matriks. Hasil analisis pembahasan dapat disimpulkan Terdapat  efektifitas Aplikasi R berbasis matriks data pada perhitungan Indeks Harga Agregat Fisher, Klasifikasi Tingkat Inflasi di Kabupaten Bandung periode September 2024 dan Oktober 2024 termasuk ke dalam katagori ringan dan ketiga Tingkat harga serta daya beli Masyarakat  di Kabupaten Bandung pada oktober 2024 atas dasar indikator Bahan Pangan relatif stabil dan kondusif.
EFFECTIVENESS ASSESSMENT OF COVID-19 VACCINE: ANTIBODY FORMATION POST SECOND DOSE
Authors: Armal Hadits Lissentiya , Annisa Istiana , Sabilla Chika Aini
Published: December 2024

COVID-19 adalah penyakit infeksi saluran pernapasan dan merupakan jenis virus baru yang ditemukan oleh manusia sejak kemunculannya di Wuhan, China pada Desember 2019. Sekitar 60-70% individu yang telah terpapa dari populasi telah memperoleh kekebalan kelompok terhadap SARS-CoV-2. Dosis yang diberikan kepada peserta vaksinasi COVID-19 bertujuan untuk menginduksi kekebalan yang sama seperti kelompok penyintas COVID-19. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efektivitas vaksin COVID-19 dalam membentuk antibodi terhadap SARS-CoV-2 setelah dosis kedua. Desain penelitian menggunakan metode cross sectional atau eksperimental dengan analisis data deskriptif (kuantitatif), menggunakan alat ukur berupa pemeriksaan laboratorium, yaitu pemeriksaan antibodi menggunakan metode immunochromatographic assay. Dalam pemeriksaan ini, sampel dari 50 responden diambil dan setiap sampel diambil secara berkala, yaitu pada minggu keempat dan minggu keenam setelah dosis kedua vaksin diberikan. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa lebih banyak antibodi reaktif terbentuk pada minggu keenam, yaitu 48 orang (48%) dengan nilai p = 0,031<0,05 sehingga ada hubungan antara pemberian vaksin Covid-19 dan hasil pembentukan antibodi dan terdapat hubungan antara waktu dan pembentukan jenis antibodi, nilai p = 0,047 <0,05, ditemukan bahwa lebih banyak jenis antibodi IgG terbentuk pada minggu keenam, yaitu sebanyak 46 orang (46%). Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa vaksin COVID-19 efektif dalam membentuk antibodi terhadap SARS-CoV-2, dengan peningkatan jumlah antibodi reaktif dan jenis IgG yang signifikan pada minggu keenam setelah dosis kedua vaksin diberikan, menunjukkan hubungan yang erat antara waktu pemberian vaksin dan pembentukan antibodi (p < 0,05).
Tendencias científicas en la convergencia de escarabajos, ganadería y educación ambiental
Authors: Motta Chaguala Libardo
Published: December 2024

Este estudio analizó la evolución y características de la producción científica sobre la tríada de escarabajos coprófagos, ganadería y educación ambiental, utilizando datos de Web of Science y Scopus entre 2013 y 2023. Se examinaron las tendencias temporales en el número de publicaciones, la distribución geográfica de la investigación y los principales temas abordados. Los resultados muestran un interés creciente en el campo de "Escarabajos coprófagos y ganadería." Brasil lidera en esta categoría, así como en "Escarabajos coprófagos y educación Ambiental," mientras que China, Estados Unidos y Japón lideran en "Educación ambiental y ganadería." Los principales temas de investigación incluyen la ecología y conservación de los escarabajos coprófagos, su papel en la mejora de la calidad del suelo y la reducción de emisiones de gases de efecto invernadero, así como su potencial como herramientas educativas para promover prácticas ganaderas sostenibles. Este análisis proporciona una base importante para futuras investigaciones sobre el papel de los escarabajos coprófagos en la gestión sostenible de los ecosistemas ganaderos.
Variaciones morfométricas en tricomas de Urtica dioica en el piedemonte Amazónico colombiano: Florencia (Caquetá) y Sibundoy (Putumayo)
Authors: Diaz-Rivas Ider Humberto , Puentes-Arango Jhonatan , Gallego-Marin Leidy Dahiana , Rodríguez-Quintero Yulieth
Published: December 2024

Debido a la estrecha relación planta-ambiente, se quiso determinar cambios morfométricos en tricomas de Urtica dioica, en dos localidades: Florencia (Caquetá) y Sibundoy (Putumayo). Durante junio de 2019, se estableció una parcela temporal de muestreo (PTM) de 200 m2. Las colectas por búsquedas libres, para un total de 23 individuos rotulados por PTM. Para la medición de longitud de tricomas en tallo (TL) y peciolo (PC) se empleó papel milimetrado con observaciones bajo estereoscopio. Los estimadores (Prueba t y SD) permitieron determinar las variables cuantitativas para cada localidad; indicando que los datos están más dispersos en localidad-Florencia. El ACP arrojó cambios y asociaciones significativas entre localidades, con una captura de 100% en la componente 1 (localidad-Sibundoy) corroborando que tienen mayor longitud en tricomas. El grafico de cajas en TL y PC respecto a, localidad evidenció que las medias están mayormente asociadas a localidad-Sibundoy y, verificado por los intervalos de confianza que exhiben más dispersión de TL y PC en localidad-Florencia. Al presentarse diferenciación en longitud de los tricomas y coloración de tallo y peciolo de U. dioica en las dos localidades, es pertinente afirmar que existe un caso de adaptación en respuesta al nivel altitudinal e incidencia de luz sobre los tejidos vegetales.
Perfil medicamentoso e socioeconômico de gestantes atendidas em uma Unidade Básica de Saúde do Piauí
Authors: Geronço Maurycyo Silva , Silva Amanda Maria Brito da , Cerqueira Iara Sampaio , Lima Susana Silva , Medeiros Natasha Teixeira , Pereira Mayane Carneiro Alves
Published: December 2024

As Unidades Básicas de Saúde (UBS) se configuram como um espaço estratégico para um pré-natal de qualidade. O manejo farmacológico de sintomas, complicações e comorbidades durante a gravidez é uma ocorrência comum, porém, a cultura medicalizadora e o perfil de segurança de fármacos podem oferecer risco ao feto e à gestante. O presente estudo teve por objetivo traçar o perfil socioeconômico e medicamentoso de gestantes atendidas em uma UBS de Parnaíba, Piauí. Trata-se de um estudo de campo do tipo descritivo, transversal e com abordagem quantitativa. A pesquisa se deu pela resposta a um Formulário Estruturado sobre a rotina do pré-natal de gestantes com mais de 18 anos, aprovado em Comitê de Ética e Pesquisa.  Foram incluídas 15 gestantes: 46,6% na faixa de 26-29 anos de idade, 80% não planejava a gestação e 53,3% tinham companheiro. O uso de medicamentos antes do momento da descoberta da gestação foi relatado por 46,6% das gestantes e desses, 80% eram contraceptivos orais. O modelo aplicado permitiu auxiliar no processo de determinação de quais riscos potenciais esse grupo está exposto, apontando que cuidados em diversos aspectos da saúde da mulher e do feto devem ser considerados através de diferentes estratégias dentro da Atenção Primária em Saúde. O alto uso de medicamentos durante a gestação sinaliza a importância do acompanhamento do profissional farmacêutico durante o pré-natal, apoiando o uso racional de medicamentos.
Endometriose em mulheres jovens: desafios no diagnóstico precoce e abordagens terapêuticas eficazes
Authors: Silva Liliane Silveira da , Silva Alana Gabriela Peixoto , Filho Alex José Silveira , Aragão Bruna Ribeiro de , Freitas João Rafael Matos Carvalho Amaral , Sandes Lara Santos , Guimarães Lavínia Andrade Melo , Ataide Marina Flora Santana , Santana Marina Passos de , Araújo Maria Elenira Chagas , Soares Tâmara Sanches
Published: December 2024

Introdução: A endometriose é uma condição ginecológica comum em mulheres jovens, caracterizada por sintomas como dor pélvica intensa e dificuldades reprodutivas. No entanto, o diagnóstico precoce é desafiador, pois os sintomas frequentemente são confundidos com condições menstruais normais, levando a atrasos no diagnóstico. Logo, é importante compreender os desafios do diagnóstico precoce da endometriose e as  abordagens terapêuticas eficazes, com foco na melhoria da qualidade de vida e da saúde reprodutiva dessas mulheres. Objetivo: Explorar os desafios no diagnóstico precoce da endometriose em mulheres jovens e avaliar abordagens terapêuticas eficazes para melhorar a qualidade de vida e a saúde reprodutiva. Metodologia: Trata-se de uma revisão de literatura que incluiu artigos originais em inglês e espanhol, publicados entre 2019 e 2024, selecionados nas bases de dados “Medline” e “Lilacs” via Biblioteca Virtual da Saúde (BVS), utilizando os descritores “Endometriosis” AND “Early Diagnosis” AND “Young Women”. Foram analisados 10 artigos que preenchiam os critérios de elegibilidade. Resultados: O diagnóstico precoce da endometriose em mulheres jovens é dificultado por sintomas inespecíficos e falta de conscientização. Tratamentos hormonais, como anticoncepcionais e dispositivos intrauterinos, mostraram eficácia no controle dos sintomas. Em casos graves, a laparoscopia é útil, mas exige cuidado para preservar a fertilidade. Abordagens multidisciplinares são essenciais para melhorar a qualidade de vida. Conclusão: O manejo da endometriose em jovens requer diagnóstico precoce, tratamento personalizado e suporte multidisciplinar para aliviar os sintomas, preservar a fertilidade e promover melhor qualidade de vida.
Efeito do óleo essencial das folhas de Croton heliotropiifolius Kunth sobre lesões gástricas em camundongos
Authors: Filho Nailton Passos Brito , Cavalcanti Erlan Clayton Xavier , Elias Isabella Romano , Brito André Victor do Nascimento Brito , Brito Anna Victória do Nascimento , Marques Rosemarie Brandim
Published: December 2024

Objetivo: Avaliar o efeito do óleo essencial das folhas de Croton heliotropiifolius Kunth para tratamento de lesões gástricas. Métodos: Trabalho aprovado pela Comissão de Ética no Uso de Animais - CEUA/UESPI, protocolo 005036/2021-90, bem como cadastro no Sistema Sistema Nacional de Gestão do Patrimônio Genético e do Conhecimento Tradicional Associado (A8B513F). Utilizaram-se camundongos Mus musculus, fêmeas, (n=5/grupo), nos modelos de lesões gástricas induzidas por etanol absoluto e anti-inflamatório não esteroide. Resultados: O óleo de croton nas duas doses usadas (50 e 100 mg/kg, v.o.) reduziu as lesões gástricas induzidas por etanol (0,43 ± 0,23 e 1,95 ± 0,80, respectivamente), quando comparado ao grupo controle negativo (9,71± 3,44). No protocolo de lesões gástricas induzidas por AINE não se observou diferença estatística dos grupos tratados com óleo, doses de 50 e 100 mg/kg (12,50 ± 0,60 e 7,00 ± 1,08, respectivamente), quando comparados ao controle negativo (11,75 ± 3,54). Conclusão: Considerando os resultados obtidos, sugere-se que o óleo essencial das folhas de Croton heliotropiifolius Kunth possui uma ação protetora gástrica, possivelmente pela presença de terpenos na sua constituição química. No entanto, outros protocolos devem ser realizados, bem como os possíveis mecanismos de ação do óleo.
Soft Artificial Synapse Electronics
Authors: Mojumder Md. Rayid Hasan , Kim Seongchan , Yu Cunjiang
Published: December 2024

Soft electronics, known for their bendable, stretchable, and flexible properties, are revolutionizing fields such as biomedical sensing, consumer electronics, and robotics. A primary challenge in this domain is achieving low power consumption, often hampered by the limitations of the conventional von Neumann architecture. In response, the development of soft artificial synapses (SASs) has gained substantial attention. These synapses seek to replicate the signal transmission properties of biological synapses, offering an innovative solution to this challenge. This review explores the materials and device architectures integral to SAS fabrication, emphasizing flexibility and stability under mechanical deformation. Various architectures, including floating-gate dielectric, ferroelectric-gate dielectric, and electrolyte-gate dielectric, are analyzed for effective weight control in SASs. The utilization of organic and low-dimensional materials is highlighted, showcasing their plasticity and energy-efficient operation. Furthermore, the paper investigates the integration of functionality into SASs, particularly focusing on devices that autonomously sense external stimuli. Functionalized SASs, capable of recognizing optical, mechanical, chemical, olfactory, and auditory cues, demonstrate promising applications in computing and sensing. A detailed examination of photo-functionalized, tactile-functionalized, and chemoreception-functionalized SASs reveals their potential in image recognition, tactile sensing, and chemosensory applications, respectively. This study highlights that SASs and functionalized SAS devices hold transformative potential for bioelectronics and sensing for soft-robotics applications; however, further research is necessary to address scalability, long-time stability, and utilizing functionalized SASs for prosthetics and in vivo applications through clinical adoption. By providing a comprehensive overview, this paper contributes to the understanding of SASs, bridging research gaps and paving the way toward transformative developments in soft electronics, biomimicking and biointegrated synapse devices, and integrated systems.
Electrocatalytic CO
2
Reduction in Acids: A Groundbreaking Approach to Converting CO
2
into Fuels and Feedstocks
Authors: Wei Wenbo , Liu Haifei , Zhu Qi-Long
Published: December 2024

The electrocatalytic carbon dioxide reduction reaction (CO
2
RR) at industrial-level current densities provides a sustainable approach to converting CO
2
into value-added fuels and feedstocks using renewable electricity. However, the CO
2
RR conducted typically in alkaline and neutral electrolytes encounters some challenges due to the inevitable reaction between CO
2
and OH
−
ions, which undermines CO
2
utilization and leads to poor operational stability. Acidic media present a viable alternative by reducing (bi)carbonate production, thereby enhancing the carbon efficiency and stability in CO
2
RR. The objective of this paper is to provide a concise account of the recent advancements and challenges in the field of acidic CO
2
RR, with an emphasis on future developments and opportunities.
Pembuatan Keju Mozzarella dengan Enzim Papain dan Ekstrak Jeruk Nipis
Authors: Patahanny Tatyana , Hendrawati Luki Amar , Nurlaili Nurlaili
Published: December 2024

Keju mozzarella adalah keju yang terbuat dari rennet dan asam sitrat. Rennet adalah enzim yang digunakan untuk memisahkan bagian padat dan cair susu. Rennet didapatkan dari lambung mamalia yang mencerna susu, sehingga sulit ditemukan dan harganya mahal. Enzim papain memiliki fungsi yang sama dengan rennet, sehingga dapat dijadikan alternatif pengganti rennet. Sedangkan jeruk nipis dapat menggantikan asam sitrat. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode percobaan faktorial 3 x 3 dengan 3 kali pengulangan yang terdiri atas 2 faktor, yakni jumlah enzim papain (P) P1 = 0 %, P2 = 0,1 %, P3 = 0,2 % dan ekstrak jeruk nipis (J) J1 = 3 %, J2 = 3,5 %, J3 = 4 %. Variabel yang diukur adalah nilai rendemen dan uji organoleptik warna, aroma, rasa, dan tekstur. Perbedaan penggunaan konsentrasi enzim papain dan ekstrak jeruk nipis berpengaruh nyata terhadap nilai rendemen dan hasil uji organoleptik kecuali aroma.
Kata kunci—keju mozzarella, enzim papain, ekstrak jeruk nipis