bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
KUNYIT PUTIH DAN BUAH MENGKUDU SEBAGAI HEPATOPROTEKTOR TERKAIT KARBON TETRAKLORIDA
Authors: Ma'at Suprapto
Published: October 2018

Herbal remedies are prescribed for the treatment of various liver diseases including for Hepatoprotector purpose. The present study was aimed to investigate and to know the hepatoprotective activity of Curcuma zedoaria extract combined with Morinda citrifolia extract against carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) induced hepatotoxicity in rats. Liver functions were assessed by the determination of SGOT, SGPT, ALP, and bilirubin. The results of serum analysis suggest that the use of Curcuma zedoaria extract combined with Morinda citrifolia extract exhibited significant protective effect related to the hepatic damage in CCl4 induced hepatotoxicity model and further evidence of its hepatoprotective activity
MYCOBACTERIUM TUBERCULOSIS SISTEM IMUN ALAMIAH TERKAIT PENERIMANYA
Authors: Nugraha Jusak
Published: October 2018

Various attemp to investigate immune response towards tuberculosis has been done in order to eradicate or to make vaccination against tuberculosis (TB) effectively. Recently it is known that innate immunity has an important role in immunity to TB despite adaptive immune response, because it was proved that adaptive immune response alone was not sufficient to eradicate this microorganism thoroughly and completely in patient's body. After Toll-Like Receptor (TLR) was found in the end of the 20th century, many progresses has been obtained in understanding about the activation of this innate immune response. But it is still needed to understand more deeply in the immune response to M. tuberculosis to lead the development of therapy or vaccination that bring into more precise target. The activation through TLR by parts of Mycobacterium induce cytoplasm protein adaptor MyD88 (Myeloid Differentiation factor 88). MyD88 has the function to activate NF- ÎºB and secrete pro-inflammatory cytokine such as TNF-Î±, IL-6, IL-12. Involvement of MyD88 is not solely dependent of TLR2 receptor and there are another pathways to induce protective function of immunocompetent cells in TB.
VOLUME PLASMA DAN FAKTOR VIII DALAM KRIOPRESIPITAT
Authors: Widyaningrum Dian , AP Purwanto , Setyati Julia
Published: October 2018

Blood product such as cryoprecipitate required a quality control. This includes development, implementation and the standard operating procedures use of each step of the process in the production of cryoprecipitated substance to ensure that the produced product contains a minimum of 80 international units (IU) of factor VIII. Cryoprecipitation is prepared from fresh frozen plasma that thawed and centrifuge by immediate spinning the excess plasma which then removed and leaving approximately 40ml which deposit 10 mL cryoprecipitate. One unit of cryoprecipitate contain 70–80 IU/unit factor VIII, â‰¥100 mg/unit von Willebrand factor, fibrinogen 5–10 mg/dL. The levels of factor VIII and von Willebrand factor (VWF) lowered in individuals with blood group O compared to individuals groups with non-O blood. This research is aimed to investigate whether plasma volume are correlated with the levels of factor VIII in cryoprecipitation. In this study purposive sampling is done in which 25 bags of cryoprecipitate materials (was storage for 11 months) from all types of blood group which were taken from storage, thawed, weighed and the plasma volume measured. Factor VIII was measured by coagulometric method. The researcher used Spearman correlation test to analyze the product, with significance degree p<0.05 and confidence interval 95%. In this study it is found plasma volume which was not related to the factor VIII level in cryoprecipitattion substance (p=0.585). Mean plasma volume of the cryoprecipitated matter was 56 mL, mean factor VIII was 83.3UI. Highest factor VIII level was 160.6 UI of cryoprecipitated blood group AB and lowest factor VIII level was 21.3 UI of cryoprecipitated blood group A.
CYSTATIN C, HbA1c, DAN RASIO ALBUMIN KREATININ
Authors: Dewi Juliani
Published: October 2018

Prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus and chronic kidney disease is increasing nowdays. Cystatin C is a more sensitive marker in detecting kidney disturbance at an early stage. Microalbuminuria indicates that there is an increasing risk in kidney disorders in diabetes mellitus patients. HbA1c is used to assess average blood glucose in three (3) months. An evaluation about the relation among Cystatin C, HbA1c, and ACR is needed to decide which test will be appropriate for the patient. Cystatin C was determined using Particleenhanced nephelometric immunoassay (PENIA) method from BN Prospec. High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) method from BioRad was used for HbA1c test, while random urine sample was used for Albumin Creatinine Ratio (ACR) test. Urine and serum creatinine were tested by immunoturbidimetric assay from Cobas C501. Correlation among Cystatin C, HbA1c, and ACR was estimated using Spearman's correlation test. There was a significant correlation among Cystatin, HbA1c, and ACR. Spearman correlation value showed a positive weak correlation. There was a strong relation between Cystatin C and HbA1c, but weak relations between Cystatin C and ACR, and between HbA1c and ACR. It can be concluded that due to the weak correlation between ACR and kidney function as well as between ACR and HbA1c, ACR is not a good assessment to predict diabetic nephropathy progressiveness.
NEONATAL ACUTE MYELOID LEUKAEMIA
Authors: Budi Luh Putu Rihayani , Ariawati Ketut , Herawati Sianny
Published: October 2018

Acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) is a. malignant, clonally disease that involves proliferation of blasts in bone marrow, blood, or other tissue. The blasts most often show myeloid or monocytic differentiation. The incidence of AML increases with age, but when neonatal leukaemia does occur, it is paradoxically AML rather than ALL. All the signs and symptoms that present on patient with AML are caused by the infiltration of the bone marrow with leukaemic cells and resulting failure of normal haematopoiesis. Without the normal haematopoietic elements, the patient is at risk for developing life-threatening complications of anaemia, infection due to functional neutropenia, and haemorrhage due to thrombocytopenia. Organomegaly is seen in approximately half of patient with AML due to hepatic and sphlanic infiltration with leukaemic blasts. Prognosis of neonatal leukaemia is poor with the 6-month survival rate is only one third despite aggressive chemotherapy. It has higher mortality rate than any other congenital cancer. The researchers reported two of AML diagnosed cases in neonatal period. The first case, a one-day-old male was referred with respiratory distress and suspect Down syndrome with spontaneous petechiae. The second case, a 17-day-old female presented with bloody diarrhoea and history of hypothyroid. Dysmorphic face and hepatosplenomegalia were found in both of the physical examination. Their complete blood count revealed leukocytosis and thrombocytopenia. Peripheral blood smear revealed myeloblast 30% on the first case and 23% on the second case. Both immunophenotyping revealed the population of blast expressing myeloid lineage (CD33 and CD34).
LIMFOSIT T CD4+SEBAGAI PERAMAL PERJALANAN PENYAKIT PASIEN YANG MENGALAMI SEPSIS
Authors: Ekowati Lestari , Aryati Aryati , Hardiono Hardiono
Published: October 2018

Sepsis is the most common cause of ICU mortality in USA. Mortality of sepsis in developing countries is still very high, about 50- 70% and has became a 80% incidence in septic shock. There was a decrease of CD4+ T lymphocyte count in patients with sepsis caused by apoptosis indicating septic patients suffered from immune functional impairment. CD4+ T lymphocyte count can reflect the severity of sepsis and predict the prognosis of the patients with sepsis effectively. Eighty eight (88) patients who met sepsis criteria were studied. The researchers collected clinical variables of all patients within 24 hours diagnosis of sepsis, and calculated APACHE II score. At the same time, blood sample were taken to measure the CD4+ T lymphocyte count. The data were analyzed using independent Student-T-test and ROC curve was used for prognosis. There is a significant difference in CD4+ T lymphocyte count between non survival and survival group (non survival group 203±178 cells/Î¼L, survival group 442±303 cells/Î¼L, p<0.001), and the percentage of CD4+ T lymphocyte (non survival group 25.05±11.55%, survival group 34.38±9.15%, p<0.001). There is an under ROC curve for CD4+ T lymphocyte count was 0.81, and for the percentage of CD4+ T lymphocyte was 0.748. Cut off value for CD4+ T lymphocyte count was 204 cells/Î¼L, and the percentage of CD4+ T lymphocytes was 25.23%. Based on this study, the CD4+ T lymphocyte count can be used as a predictor of prognosis in sepsis patients.
MODIFIKASI PRINSIP PEMERIKSAAN Î²-D-GLUCAN UNTUK MENDETEKSI CANDIDA ALBICANS DALAM SERUM
Authors: Dharmawan Ruben , Darukutni Darukutni , Haryati Sri , Murkati Murkati , Sari Yulia , Prasetyo Afiono Agung
Published: October 2018

Candida albicans Î²-D-glucans examination has been used for invasive fungal detection in human blood and was approved by the Food and Drug Administration. However, the method is rarely used in Indonesia and also because the cost is hardly affordable. A modification of the method using enzymatic reaction is hoped will provide a simple and affordable measurement in human blood serum. Î²-D-glucans as heterogeneous molecules constitute the major carbohydrates fractions of cell wall and readily detected in supernatants of Candida albicans cultures are hydrolyzed by Î² glucanase to form D-glucose. This additional glucose is measured using Megazyme GOPOD-Format Procedure® at 510 nm. Candida albicans were identified and cultured was derived from a patient of Dr. Moewardi General Hospital, Surakarta in July, 2012. The results show that Î²-D-glucans from Candida albicans is measureable to the amount of Î¼g/100 Î¼L serum using this modification principle
PENGUKURAN JUMLAH LIMFOSIT CD4 METODE PANLEUCOGATING PADA PASIEN TERINFEKSI HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS (HIV)
Authors: Intansari Umi S. , Mulyono Budi , Sukorini Usi
Published: October 2018

The standard method for absolute lymphocyte CD4 count is by the use of flow cytometric analysis, but due to the high costly matter,a simpler method and less costly fee of PanLeucogating dual platform is needed. The aim of this study is to know how to replace the single platform by PanLeucogating dual platform by determining the agreement between both methods and to test the proportion of patient who have CD4 <200 cell/ul measured by PanLeucogating and single platform method. A cross sectional study was carried out in the Departement of Clinical Pathology Faculty of Medicine Gadjah Mada University Yogyakarta. The inclusion criteria of the study are HIV/AIDS patients who their CD4 were measured. Absolute count of CD4 was using FACS Calibur measured with both PanLeucogating and single platform method. The bias, correlation, regression and limit of agreement between both methods were analyzed using Bland Altman analysis to decide whether the two methods are interchangeable. The result of the study revealed an excellent correlation between the two methods (r=0.996; y=- 0.906 + 0.0.987). Bland Altman analysis revealed bias=5 cells/uL; standard deviation=18.7 and Limit of agreement (LOA)=-31.6 – 40.75. The Mean Percentage Difference (MPD)=2%; dan%LOA=-7.96 – 12.5%. PanLeucogating method has a good agreement with the single platform method and can be used interchangeable. There was no difference of the proportion of patient who has CD4 <200 cell/ul measured by Panleucogating method and single platform.
HEMOSTASIS BERLANDASKAN SEL HIDUP (IN VIVO)
Authors: Kurniawan Liong Boy , Arif Mansyur
Published: October 2018

Understanding of hemostasis has developed substantially in the last century from stasis in vitro to in vivo concept. Hemostasis theory develops from classic theory, discovery of coagulation factors leading to cascade/waterfall theory, as well as to in vivo cell based theory which explains the limitations of cascade theory. Phases of cell based hemostasis theory include initiation, amplification, propagation and termination with the role of tissue factor, platelet activation and coagulation factors in thrombin and fibrin synthesis. Common hemostasis tests used nowadays are important in evaluating bleeding risk but this matter still can not explain cell based hemostasis theory comprehensively so we need to find new tests to evaluate in vivo hemostasis.
ALBUMIN SERUM DALAM SIROSIS HATI
Authors: Nafika Windu , Anniwati Leonita , Soehartini Soehartini
Published: October 2018

Serum albumin measurement can be used for assessing prognosis, determining initial therapy and treatment efficacy for liver cirrhosis patients. The discrepancy result of albumin measurement using different methods can make bias for the albumin concentration. The measurement of albumin was carried out in 20 sera of liver cirrhosis patients using bromcresol green (BCG), BCG conversion as well as bromcresol purple (BCP) methods including protein electrophoresis. The results showed that BCP method has a lower albumin concentration than the other kind (1.68±0.35), BCG (1.94±0.31), BCG conversion (2.09±0.45) as well as protein electrophoresis (2.14±0.35). BCP method has a good correlation with protein electrophoresis as well as BCG conversion (r=0.935 and r=0.90 respectively). It can be concluded in this study, that albumin measurement with BCP method has a good correlation with protein electrophoresis. It is important to know that the measurement results of BCP method is lower but more accurate in the albumin concentration, because there is no cross reaction with globulin. That means, there is no overestimation of albumin concentration in hypoalbuminemia condition of the patients.
ANGKA BANDING LIPID DI INFARK MIOKARD
Authors: Kurniawan Liong Boy , Bahrun Uleng , ER Darmawaty
Published: October 2018

Lipid profiles are used as the regular tests which performed to predict and evaluate the risk of coronary heart disease. The routine lipid tests include total cholesterol, LDL, HDL and triglyceride level. The total cholesterol/HDL and LDL/HDL ratio are often used as predictors of coronary heart disease. This study was performed to know the lipid level and ratio by comparing the condition in myocardial infarction patients and young adult controls and to observe the percentage of their lipid level and ratio exceeding the recommended optimal value. A retrospective study was performed using secondary data of 73 myocardial infarction patients, whom hospitalized in the Intensive Cardiac Care Unit Dr. Wahidin Sudirohusodo Hospital Makassar from June 2010 to July 2011 and 21 healthy young adult as controls. The mean level of the total cholesterol, LDL, HDL, triglyceride, ratio of total cholesterol/HDL and LDL/HDL of myocardial infarction patients are compared with the control subjects were 209.99±51.70 vs 151.42±27.90 mg/dL (p=0.000), 141.18±41.92 vs 76.76±20.45 mg/dL (p=0.000), 36.96±10.47 vs 47.05±8.24 mg/dL (p=0.000), 132.27±65.67 vs 142.14±54.93 mg/dL (p=0.155), 5.99±1.71 vs 3.26±0.59 (p=0.000) and 4.06±1.45 vs 1.66±0.44 (p=0.000), respectively. It was shown that the percentage of myocardial infarction patients with total cholesterol, LDL level, total cholesterol/HDL and LDL/HDL ratio exceeding recommended optimal value were 57.53%, 63.01%, 73.97% and 86.30%, respectively. The level of total cholesterol and LDL, ratio of total cholesterol/HDL and LDL/HDL in myocardial infarction patients were significantly higher, but the HDL level was lower compared to the control subjects. The percentage of myocardial infarction patients with LDL/HDL ratio exceeding recommended optimal value was higher than the other lipid levels and ratio. Therefore, it is concluded that the LDL/HDL ratio is better in predicting coronary heart disease than other routine lipid markers.
FUSI GEN BREAKPOINT CLUSTER REGION ABELSON KINASE (BCRABL) DAN UJI HEMATOLOGIS RUTIN
Authors: Prihatni Delita , Parwati Ida , Sumantri Rahmat , Roesli Rully MA. , Nafsi Nurizzatun
Published: October 2018

Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is a type of Chronic myeloproliferative disorders in pluripotencial stem cell haematopoiesis cell disease caused by somatic mutation chromosomal translocation of the Abelson (ABL) and Breakpoint Cluster Region (BCR) genes on chromosomes 9 and 22. The Breakpoint Cluster Region Abelson Kinase (BCR-ABL) gene encodes different fusion transcripts of messenger Ribo Nucleic acid (m RNA)/type of fusion gene that vary in size depending on the breakpoint in the BCR gene. The majority of CMLcases have been shown to have either b3a2 or b2a2 fusion gene. This research is a preliminary study designed to know how to identify a quantification BCR-ABL gene and expression fusion of gene and its relation to routine haematological parameters. The researchers analyzed 12 adults who were positive using a quantification ratio BCR-ABL and Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase (G6PDH) as a house keeping gene by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RQ PCR) of chronic phase of CML patients, qualitative of translocation of BCR-ABL gene by gel agarose and routine haematological tests by a haematologic analyzer. The average quantification ratio of BCRABL gene and G6PDH was 0.0881, 50% patients had b3a2 fusion gene, 41.6% had b2a2 dan 0.4% had e1a1. Fusion gene b3a2 showed a quantification ratio, haemoglobin level and leukocyte count higher compared to b2a2 fusion gene.
KELUARGA DISULFIT PROTEIN ISOMERASE ANGGOTA 4(PDIA4) DI KANKER PAYUDARA DENGAN METASTASIS
Authors: Lembar Stefanus , Bororing Sheella R. , Lilis Lilis
Published: October 2018

Protein disulfide isomerase (PDI) is a member of thioredoxin superfamily that is secreted in the lumen of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) in mammalian cells. PDI catalyzes disulfide bond formation, reduction, or isomerization of newly synthesized proteins in the lumen of the RE. PDIA4 is a member of the PDI family, which is also expressed in the mammary gland. Low expression of PDIA4 probably as a result of the stress of RE in hypoxic conditions. These conditions will enhance the ability of tumor cells in mammary tissue to divide aggressively and metastasize. A total of 61 breast cancer patients aged 23âˆ’90 years (60 women and 1 man) in Jakarta, Indonesia have participated in this study after signing the informed consent letter. The diagnosis of metastasis is confirmed by the examination of bone scanning. Measurement of PDIA4 concentration is performed by the quantitative enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using a commercial kits. Based on the examination of the bone scanning, there were 23 (62.5%) subjects with metastatic and 38 (37.5%) subjects non-metastatic. The mean of age of the subjects with metastatic were significantly higher than non-metastatic subjects (p=0.028), which is 51.4 (45.9–56.8) and 44.2 (40.4–48.0). The median of PDIA4 concentrations in serum of subjects with metastatic, i.e. 7.7 (1.0–37.2) ng/ml was significantly lower than non-metastatic subjects (p=0.044), i.e. 9.4 (2.2–69. 6) ng/mL. The concentration of PDIA4 in serum of breast cancer patients with metastatic were significantly lower than non-metastatic patients. It shows that the concentration of PDIA4 have decreased in incidence of metastatic breast cancer.
KUMAN DAN UJI KEPEKAAN ANTIBIOTIK DI KAKI DIABETIK
Authors: Sutjahjo Ari
Published: October 2018

The purpose of this study was to know the bacterial pattern causing foot infections in diabetes mellitus (DM) patients and the sensitivity test results of the bacteria against various antibiotics that have been set. This research was conducted as a retrospective study using medical records. The study was carried out on diabetic foot patients of all In-patient Wards, Department of Internal Medicine, Dr. Soetomo Hospital, who met the inclusion criteria between January 1, 2003 up to December 31, 2007. The stages were classified according to the Wagner - Merrit criteria. Laboratory and clinical data were taken from the medical records of the patients who were admitted. Infected diabetic foot was found in 30.9% of patients. The causative bacteria consisted of: Pseudomonas (20.3%), Streptococcus (15.25), Klebsiella (13.9%), E.coli (12.6%), Proteus (12.6%), and Staphylococcus (11.3%). The Imipenem antibiotic showed the highest sensitivity (99.2%), followed by Norfloxacin (98.8%), Meropenem (98.2%), Ofloxacin (97.7%) and Cefuroxime (95.3). In this study, it was found that the most resistancy was to Erythromycin (46.3%) followed by Chloramphenicol (44.2%), Ceftazidime (41.1%), Cefotaxime (36.6%) and Ciprofloxacin (33.5%). It can be concluded that most of the bacteria causing the diabetic foot infections were Gram-negative aerobic bacterias and the highest sensitivity was to Imipenem, Norfloxacin, Meropenem as well as Cefuroxime.
ACQUIRED Î²âˆ’THALASSEMIA IN CHILDREN WITH ACUTE LYMPHOBLASTIC LEUKEMIA (ALL)
Authors: Shanty Larasati Maria Christina , Rumiris Mangihut , Andarsini Mia Ratwita , Ugrasena I Dewa Gede , Permono Bambang
Published: October 2018

Thalassemias are heterogeneous group of genetic disorders. Î²-thalassemia is existed due to impaired production of beta globins chains, which leads to a relative excess of alpha globin chains. The abnormalities of haemoglobin synthesis are usually inherited but may also arise as a secondary manifestation of another disease, most commonly haematological neoplasia. This article presenting two cases of acquired Î²-thalassemia in children with ALL focusing on the diagnosis and the possible relationship between the two haematological diseases. The first case is a four (4) year old boy with ALL-L1 type at maintenance phase of chemotherapy, he suffered from anaemia with Hb 8.0 g/dL, WBC 22,600/mm3 and platelets count of 200,000/mm3, peripheral blood smear revealed anisocytosis, polychromes, hypochromia, basophilic stippling, and normoblastocytes. The result of Hb electrophoresis of Hb A of 54.9%, Hb F of 29.4%, Hb E of 13.4% and Hb A2 of 2.3%. The patient was diagnosed as ALL-L1 type and Î²-thalassemia. The second case, is a 13 year old girl with remission ALL-L1 type after chemotherapy, she suffered from anaemia with Hb 6.7 g/dL, WBC 12,400/mm3, platelet count was 200,000/mm3, and peripheral blood smear obtained anisocytosis, hypochromia, normoblastocytes, myelocytes and basophilic stippling. The result of Hb electrophoresis are: Hb F 0.41%, Hb A1c 0.78%, Hb A2 2.95% with the conclusion of a Î²-thalassemia trait, this patient was diagnosed with ALL-L1 type remission + Î²-thalassemia trait. The case reviewers assume that acquired Î²-thalassemia which happened in those patients were the altered expression of globin chain which mechanism for this syndrome might be the acquisition of a mutation that affects RNA or proteins involved in Î²-globin gene regulation and resulting the reduction of the (Î±/Î²)-globin biosynthetic ratios, or/and associated with chemotherapy-inducement.
ANALISIS BEBAN KERJA DI INSTALASI LABORATORIUM
Authors: Kurniati Amiroh , Tahono Tahono
Published: October 2018

Human resources (HR) planning is associated with an institution's strategic plan, so the study of the required number of support personnel is in line with the direction of business development planning of the Laboratory Installation Unit. WISN (work load indicator staff need) method is a calculation based on the analysis of health manpower needs of the workload (work load analysis) and is considered as the most accurate method to calculate labour requirements in short-term. Based on the results of the analysis of manpower needs at the Laboratory Installation of Lung Health of the Community Hall Surakarta, it is known that there is still a lack of a number of five (5) persons of the health laboratory staff. The persons still lacking consist of: one (1) laboratory person related to clinical pathology laboratory, one (1) laboratory person for smear microscopy laboratory, and still three (3) microbiology laboratory persons. These persons are needed to be able to carry out the activities for a good laboratory service, and quality which is in accordance with the related applicable standards.
PNEUMOCYSTIS PNEUMONIA (PCP) DI PENDERITA HIV DAN AIDS DENGAN KELAINAN PARU
Authors: Prasetyo R. Heru
Published: October 2018

PCP is one of the most common opportunistic infection in HIV and AIDS patients. A definitive diagnosis of PCP in HIV and AIDS patients in Dr. Soetomo General Hospital Surabaya has not been previously done. A definitive diagnosis have the role in the therapy and to prevent the illness as well. PCP is diagnosed by using a microscope to indentify Pneumocystis jerovecii in the lung fluid or tisuue. The objective of this study was to know how to detect Pneumocystis jerovecii in the sputum samples and to know the determination of the prevalence of PCP in HIV and AIDS patients suffered with pulmonary symptom who were hospitalized in Dr. Soetomo General Hospital Surabaya. This research was carried out by a cross sectional study utilizing waste sputum samples from HIV and AIDS patients. The detection of Pneumocystis jerovecii used Giemsa stain. Six sputum samples among 18 sputum samples (33.33%) HIV and AIDS patients were Pneumocystis jerovecii positive. Based on this findings HIV and AIDS patients with pulmonary symptoms should be suspect having the possibility of PCP as opportunity infection in HIV and AIDS existed, and there for the detection of the Pneumocystis jerovecii in sputum sample must becoming routinelycarried out in the laboratory examination for HIV and AIDS patients which also suffering pulmonary symptom.
BAKTERI AEROB DAN BAKTERI PENYEBAB PENYAKIT DI neonATAL InTenSIve CARe unIT
Authors: Suriyanti Suriyanti , Handayani Irda , Rusli Benny
Published: October 2018

Infectious diseases are still the main problem due to the potency of life threatening for neonates. Patients in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) are at risk for nosocomial infections resulting from the exposure to invasive procedures and medical equipments such as ventilator, catheter, Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP), incubator and antibiotics treatment. This study was aimed to know the related condition in NICU Dr. Wahidin Sudirohusodo Hospital Makassar by identification and determining the pathogenic bacteria colony counts of incubator and CPAP. The study design was a cross sectional method, by using incubator and CPAP as sample instruments, both equipments were sterilized at the NICU. The samples were collected and evaluated in July 2011. Samples were collected by usinga swab which was wiped to the instrument and put into Buffer Phosphate Saline (BPS); then diluted and put into Plate Count Agar (PCA) media for culture. The result of this study showed that there were no bacteria colony in the incubator, while in CPAP Acinetobacter calcoaceticus with bacteria colony count approximately 3.4í—102 CFU/m3 were found. The researchers concluded that the incubator was sterile to bacteria, however in the CPAP bacteria from the strain of Acinetobacter calcoaceticus were found
HUBUNGAN OKSIDA NITRAT DAN NILAI HISTOPATOLOGIS PADA ENDOTOKSEMIA
Authors: Sotianingsih Sotianingsih , Suharyo Suharyo , S Lisyani , HA Guntur
Published: October 2018

Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is an endotoxin from the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria, which has an important role in the occurrence of sepsis. Exposure to LPS will stimulate increase of nitric oxide (NO). Nitric oxide is a bioregulator of apoptosis and has some sepsis prognostic role of apoptosis regulators within the gastrointestinal cells. The objective of the study is to know if endotoxemia induces an increase in NO levels and histopathology scores as well as the existing relationship between them. This study is an observational intervention. The subjects were 48 male mice Balb/C, divided into 2 groups. The samples consisted of 24 tail as control group (group A) and 24 as treatment group (group B). The A group as well as the B group is divided into 4 subgroups according to the time of termination. The levels of NO were examined by Griess method. Histopathology score was examined by HE and read as a score of 0–5. There was a statistically significant difference between the mean NO in the treatment group with the control group at the termination of the group of 12h (p=0.009), 24h (p=0.015), 36h (p=0.014), 48h (p=0.002) and the whole group (p=0.0001), as well as between the mean histopathology score at the termination time of 12 h (p=0.0001), 24h (p=0.0001), 36h (p=0.0001), 48h (p=0465) and the whole group (p=0.0001). Increase in NO and histopathology scores in all groups of mice (r=0.527) showed a statistically significant correlation. NO levels and histopathology scores are increased during endotoxemia and thus have a significant correlation.
KADAR FIBRIN MONOMER DAN UKURAN INFARK DI STROK ISKEMIK AKUT
Authors: Kartini Ani , Arif Mansyur , Hardjoeno Hardjoeno
Published: October 2018

Coagulation activation and thrombosis frequently exist in ischemic stroke, thrombus formation can be detected early by the presence of fibrin monomer. The purpose of this study was to know the correlation of fibrin monomer level with cerebral infarct size in acute ischemic stroke patients. This was a cross sectional study with a total of 39 samples. The fibrin monomer level was determined by immunoturbidimetry method using STA-Compact and the measurement of the infarct size was done by CT scan of the head using Broderick formula. The results of this study showed that the median level of fibrin monomer in acute ischemic stroke with nonlacunar infarct type and lacunar infarct type were 14.46 Î¼g/mL and 4.29 Î¼g/mL, respectively. Mann-Whitney test showed there was a significant difference of fibrin monomer levels between nonlacunar infarct type and the lacunar type, p=0.000. The cut-off point analysis result of the fibrin monomer level was 5.96 Î¼g/mL with a sensitivity of 88.9% and specificity of 76.4%, respectively. Spearman correlation test showed that fibrin monomer level was positively correlated with cerebral infarct volume in acute ischemic stroke (r=0.56, p=0.000). Based on this study, it can be concluded that fibrin monomer level can be used as a marker to predict the type of cerebral infarct and volume of acute ischemic stroke as well.
KADAR INTERLEUKIN-8 KANKER PAYUDARA
Authors: Juranah Juranah , Widaningsih Yuyun , Hamdani William , Pakasi Ruland DN , Bahrun Uleng
Published: October 2018

Metastasis is the major cause of increased morbidity and mortality in breast cancer. Interleukin-8 has a contribution in the spread of the tumour cells. This study was aimed to know IL-8 levels in patients with metastasic and non metasatic breast cancer by analyzing. A cross sectional study was performed at the Dr. Wahidin Sudirohusodo, Ibnu Sina and Labuang Baji hospitals during September to December 2011. Laboratory examinations were done in the Research Centre of the Medical Faculty, University of Hasanuddin. Fiftysix (56) subjects with breast cancer were examined. The results showed that the levels of IL-8 in metastatic and non metastatic breast cancer were 13.73 pg/mL and 10.48 pg/mL respectively. Mann-Whitney test showed no significant difference of IL-8 level between them, (p=0.09). When the subjects were divided into early and advance stages, the mean levels of IL-8 were 8.035 pg/mL and 12.052 pg/mL, respectively, showing a significant difference by Mann-Whitney test (p=0.009). Based on this research, the level of IL-8 can be considered as a marker in predicting the prognosis of breast cancer. A further research in cohort studies which specific metastasis crawl method is advised by the researchers, these are suggested to allow the determination of the risk factors.
ST2 DI INFARK MIOKARD AKUT
Authors: Priyanto Hery , Nugraha Jusak , Edijanto SP
Published: October 2018

Acute Myocardial Infarction (AMI) is a major problem threatening Indonesian inhabitants as well as in many countries. Each year AMI patients are increasing. ST2 is a novel cardiac marker for the diagnosis and prognosis of acute myocardial infarction. The purpose of this study was to know and find the diagnostic value of ST2 serum in patients with AMI. This cross sectional study was conducted on 46 patients who had chest pain as the main complaint in the Emergency Department, Dr. Soetomo Hospital, Surabaya between April 20 to July 20, 2013. The sera were examined for ST2, cTn-T, the diagnostic value was determined using the acute myocardial infarction clinical criteria according to the Universal Definition of Myocardial Infarction (2007) as the gold standard. The results of ST2 serum levels measurement showed a sensitivity of 83% and specificity of 70% at a cut-off value of ST2 16.64 ng/mL and AUC 0.878, p=0.000. The concordance examination between using cTn-T levels and ST2 was 48.1%. A significanct correlation was obtained with a correlation coefficient r=0.489, p=0.001 between the levels of cTn-T and ST2. Based on this study, the ST2 serum levels can be used for screeningto aid the diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction. However, there is a weak correlation and concordance between cTn-T with ST2. Thus, the researchers need a further study to determine the diagnostic value of ST2 for the detection of acute myocardial infarction.
Comparison of cryoballoon and radiofrequency ablation techniques for atrial fibrillation: a meta-analysis
Authors: Maltoni Susanna , Negro Antonella , Camerlingo Maria D. , Pecoraro Valentina , Sassone Biagio , Biffi Mauro , Boriani Giuseppe
Published: October 2018

Aims

To perform an updated meta-analysis to assess efficacy, safety and technical performance of pulmonary vein isolation using cryoballoon or radiofrequency catheter ablation in patients with paroxysmal or persistent atrial fibrillation.

Methods

In June 2017, databases and websites were systematically searched for systematic reviews, randomized controlled trials and observational studies reporting data on efficacy, safety and technical performance outcomes at follow-up at least 12 months. Researchers independently assessed records’ eligibility, inclusion and methodological quality of included studies.

Results

Six randomized controlled trials and 25 observational studies – 11 853 patients were included. Studies on paroxysmal atrial fibrillation were 29 and included 11 635 patients. Meta-analysis results showed no difference between cryoballoon and radiofrequency in terms of recurrent atrial fibrillation [risk ratio 1.04, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.98–1.10] or atrial tachyarrhythmias (risk ratio 1.04, 95% CI 1–1.08) and fluoroscopy time (mean difference −1.92 min, 95% CI −4.89 to 1.05). Cryoballoon ablation was associated with fewer reablations (risk ratio 0.79, 95% CI 0.64–0.98), lower incidence of pericardial effusion (risk ratio 0.52, 95% CI 0.31–0.89) and cardiac tamponade (risk ratio 0.33, 95% CI 0.18–0.62) and shorter total procedural time (mean difference −23.48 min, 95% CI −37.97; −9.02) but with higher incidence of phrenic nerve palsy (risk ratio 5.43, 95% CI 2.67–11.04). Prespecified subgroup analysis confirmed overall results as for freedom from atrial fibrillation and atrial tachyarrhythmias. Only two observational studies included patients with persistent atrial fibrillation, thus hindering any conclusion in this population.

Conclusion

In patients with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation, cryoballoon and radiofrequency ablation produce similar results in terms of freedom from recurrent atrial fibrillation or atrial tachyarrhythmias but with a different safety profile, being cryoballoon ablation less associated with cardiac complications but more likely to cause phrenic nerve palsy.
Multimodality imaging for thromboembolic risk assessment in atrial fibrillation
Authors: Todaro Maria C. , Solazzo Antonio , Senatore Gaetano , Zito Concetta , Di Bella Gianluca , Carerj Maria L. , Oreto Giuseppe , Carerj Scipione
Published: October 2018

Atrial fibrillation is the most widely represented sustained arrhythmia in the world. Thromboembolic risk assessment represents the main clinical challenge associated with this condition, requiring enormous medical, social and economical efforts. Several pieces of evidence in literature highlight how clinical risk factors are not enough for a correct thromboembolic risk stratification of patients with atrial fibrillation, since thromboembolic events have been proven to occur even in patients with low clinical risk scores. A comprehensive multimodality imaging approach, with special regard to echocardiography and new technologies seems to be the best method for this purpose. The aim of this review is to propose a hybrid thromboembolic risk stratification system that combinines clinical evaluation with instrumental clues on left atrial remodeling, fibrosis and deformation which, could be useful especially for patients classified at low thromboembolic risk according to clinical scores.
NanoCrystal: A Web-Based Crystallographic Tool for the Construction of Nanoparticles Based on Their Crystal Habit
Authors: Cournia Zoe , Dellis Dimitris , Chatzigoulas Alexios , karathanou konstantina
Published: October 2018

Modeling nanoparticles is an essential first step to assess their capacity in different uses such as in energy storage or drug delivery. However, creating an initial starting conformation for modeling and simulation is tedious because every crystalline material grows with a different crystal habit. In this application note, we describe Nano-Crystal, a novel web-based crystallographic tool, which creates nanoparticle models from any crystal structure guided by their preferred equilibrium shape under standard conditions according to the Wulff morphology (crystal habit). Users can upload a cif file, define the Miller indices and their corresponding minimum surface energies according to the Wulff construction of a particular crystal, and specify the size of the nanocrystal. As a result, the nanoparticle is constructed and visualized, and the coordinates of the atoms are output to the user. Nano-Crystal can be accessed and used at http://nanocrystal.vi-seem.eu/.
Infinite Dilution Activity Coefficients as Constraints for Force Field Parameterization and Method Development
Authors: Duarte Ramos Matos Guilherme , Calabró Gaetano , Mobley David
Published: October 2018

Molecular simulations see widespread use in calculating various physical properties of interest, with a key goal being predictive molecular design. These simulations, including molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, begin with a underlying energy model or force field and then, based on this model, use simulations to compute properties of interest. However, one of the most significant challenges in molecular dynamics and modeling studies is ensuring that the force field is a good enough approximation of the underlying physics that computed quantities can be used to reproduce experimental properties with the desired level of accuracy. Parameterization of force fields depend on various experimental properties including as much of the chemistry of interest as possible. Physicochemical properties measurable in a relatively straightforward manner are particularly interesting for developers. Such properties can be measured for a relatively diverse chemical set and used to expand the parameterization dataset as needed. Here, we examine infinite dilution activity coefficients (IDACs) which are experimental quantities that can play this role. We retrieved 237 empirical IDACs from NIST's ThermoML, a database of measured thermodynamic properties, and we estimated the corresponding values using solvation free energy calculations. We found that calculated IDAC values correlate strongly with experiment. Specifically, the natural logarithm of calculated and experimental IDAC values shows a Pearson correlation coefficient of 0.85+/-0.02. The calculated IDAC values allow us to identify strengths and potential weaknesses of force field parameters for specific functional groups in solutes and solvents, suggesting these may be a valuable source of data for force field parameterization, capturing some of the same type of information as hydration and solvation free energies and thus potentially providing a useful new source of experimental data.
Cation Ordering and Oxygen Release in LiNi0.5-xMn1.5+xO4-Y (LNMO): In-Situ Neutron Diffraction and Performance in Li-Ion Full Cells
Authors: Aktekin Burak , Brant William , Valvo Mario , Lodi Marzano Fernanda , Smith Ronald , Sørby Magnus , Zipprich Wolfgang , Brandell Daniel , Edström Kristina
Published: October 2018

Covers thorough study showing the possible strategies to decouple effect of oxygen deficiency, the presence of Mn3+ and degree of cation ordering in the high power positive electrode material for lithium ion batteries, LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4.
Porous Boron Nitride for Combined CO2 Capture and Photoreduction
Authors: Shankar Ravi , Hankin Anna , Petit Camille
Published: October 2018

Porous and amorphous materials are typically not employed for photocatalytic purposes as their high number of defects can lead to low charge mobility and favour bulk electron-hole recombination. Yet, with a disordered nature can come porosity, which in turns promotes catalyst/reactant interactions and fast charge transfer to reactants. Here, we demonstrate that moving from h-BN, a well-known crystalline insulator to amorphous BN, we create a semiconductor, which is able to photoreduce CO2 in a gas/solid phase, under both UV-vis and pure visible light, ambient conditions, without the need for cocatalysts. The material selectively produces CO and maintains its photocatalytic stability over several catalytic cycles. The performance of this un-optimised material is on par with that of TiO2, the benchmark in the field. Owing to the chemical and structural tuneablity of porous BN, these findings highlights the potential of porous BN-based structure for photocatalysis and particularly solar fuels production.
Nickel Supported on Mesoporous Zirconium Oxide by Atomic Layer Deposition: Initial Fixed-Bed Reactor Study
Authors: Puurunen Riikka , Voigt Pauline , Haimi Eero , Lahtinen Jouko , Cheah You Wayne , Mäkelä Eveliina , Viinikainen Tiia
Published: October 2018

Atomic layer deposition (ALD) is gaining attention as a catalyst preparation method able to produce metal (oxide, sulphide, etc.) nanoparticles of uniform size down to single atoms. This work reports our initial experiments to support nickel on mesoporous zirconia. Nickel (2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-3,5-heptanedionato)2 [Ni(thd)2] was reacted in a fixed-bed ALD reactor with zirconia, characterised with BET surface area of 72 m2/g and mean pore size of 14 nm. According to X-ray fluorescence measurements, the average nickel loading on the top part of the support bed was on the order of 1 wt-%, corresponding to circa one nickel atom per square nanometre. Cross-sectional scanning electron microscopy combined with energy-dispersive spectroscopy confirmed that in the top part of the fixed support bed, nickel was distributed throughout the zirconia particles. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy indicated the nickel oxidation state to be two. Organic thd ligands remained complete on the surface after the Ni(thd)2 reaction with zirconia, as followed with diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy. The ligands could be fully removed by oxidation at 400 °C. These initial results indicate that nickel catalysts on zirconia can likely be made by ALD. Before catalytic testing, in addition to increasing the nickel loading by repeated ALD cycles, optimization of the process parameters is required to ensure uniform distribution of nickel throughout the support bed and within the zirconia particles.
Intermolecular Heck Coupling with Hindered Alkenes Driven by Carboxylate Directivity
Authors: Huffman Tucker R. , Wu Yebin , Emmerich Alexis , Shenvi Ryan
Published: October 2018

Pd(0)-catalyzed, non-chain-walking Mizoroki-Heck reactions exhibit poor reactivity with polysubsti- tuted, unbiased alkenes. Intermolecular reactions with simple, all-carbon tetrasubstituted alkenes are unprecedented. Here we report that pendant carboxylic acids, combined with bulky monophospine ligands on palladium, can direct the arylation of tri- and tetrasubstituted olefins. Quaternary carbons are established at high Fsp3 attached-ring junctures and the carboxylate directing group can be removed after coupling. Carboxylate directivity prevents over-arylation of the new, less hindered alkene, which can be diversified in subsequent reactions.
SASTRA LOKAL DAN MEDIA MASSA DIALEKTIKA LOKAL-GLOBAL DALAM SASTRA USING-BANYUWANGI
Authors: Mustamar Sunarti , Macaryus Sudartomo
Published: October 2018

Kajian kesusastraan Indonesia dalam media massa hampir didominasi ulasan dan apresiasi kesusastraan modern. Bagaimana dengan sastra Indonesia, tetapimenyuarakan lokalitas tertentu, dan bagaimana pula dengan sastra berbahasa daerah, tetapi mengartikulasikan keindonesiaan? Serangkaian pertanyaan klasik tidak menemukan jawaban. Tulisan ini membahas perkembangan karya sastra puisi dan prosa dalam kaitannya dengan media massa dan dialektika keduanya dalam menghadapi globalitas.Multikulturalisme di Indonesia yang merebak pada akhir tahun 1990-an sebagai respons terhadap penyeragaman budaya sejak Orde Baru mampu bergerak menuju keragaman. Proses lintas budaya yang dinamis merupakan salah satu ciri perubahan kebudayaan di Indonesia yang tampak pada perkembangan bahasa, sastra, dan tradisi lisan Using Banyuwangi. Munculnya hibriditas kesusastraan lokal Using merupakan salah satu respons dalam menanggapi budaya lintas batas (nasional dan global). Hibriditasmenunjukkan bahwa setiap proses budaya mengandung percampuran dan interaksi lintas batas. Tidak ada kebudayaan yang sepenuhnya asli dan murni (Hall, 1993). Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa dalam kontak dengan budaya modern yang nasional dan global, sastra Using bertransformasi ke sastra tulis dan dipublikasi melalui media massa (cetak, elektronik, dan digital). Hibriditas sastra muncul dalam corak modifikasi bentuk, modifikasi wadah bahasa dengan menggunakan bahasa Indonesia, serta memanfaatkan industri kreatif dalam bentuk multimedia dan memublikasikannya melalui media cetak, elektronik, dan digital. Hibriditas lainnya berupa kolaborai seni, menuliskan yang lisan, dan melisankan yang tulis.
NOVEL SUKRENI GADIS BALI CERMIN KEHIDUPAN ETNIS ZAMANNYA
Authors: Kusuma I Nyoman Weda
Published: October 2018

Karya sastra tidak dapat dilepaskan dari lingkungan sosialnya. Karya sastra menampilkan gambaran kehidupan; dan kehidupan itu adalah suatu kenyataan sosial. Tulisan ini membahas novel Anak Agung Panji Tisna Sukreni Gadis Bali (SGB) dengan menggunakan pendekatan sosiologis. Tulisan ini memperlihatkan bahwa SGB merupakan sebuah karya yang banyak merefleksikan kehidupan masyarakat Bali pada tahun tiga puluhan.