bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Workflow using sparse vintage data for building a first geological and reservoir model for CO2geological storage in deep saline aquifer. A case study in the St. Lawrence Platform, Canada
Authors: Claprood Maxime , Gloaguen Erwan , Giroux Bernard , Konstantinovskaya Elena , Malo Michel , Duchesne Mathieu J.
Published: June 2012

Among all geological CO2storage possibilities, deep saline aquifers are of great interest due to their worldwide repartition and their important storage volume. We present a workflow using available vintage data with poor 2D seismic coverage for building a first geological and reservoir model for CO2geological storage in the deep saline aquifers of the St. Lawrence Platform in the Bécancour area (Québec, Canada). In order to optimize the sparse available geoinformation using a geostatistical method, we krige the tops of the geological formations recorded at 11 wells using surfaces modeled from seismic horizons picked on 99.4 line‐km of 2D seismic reflection data. Modeled geological horizons show a good compromise between the geometric structure expressed by the variograms and the interpreted variations evaluated from seismic horizons. Using available well logs, distribution of porosity and permeability are computed for generating multiple realizations of the petrophysical properties of the targeted aquifer by sequential Gaussian simulations. The scarcity of available petrophysical data in the targeted aquifer generates high variability between the different realizations. Due to this uncertainty, the population of the 3D geological model with petrophysical properties that are required for further geostatistical simulations of CO2injection do not allow to achieve reliable results. The methodology presented in this paper shows the possibilities and limits of using vintage data, and provides evidence that geophysical data acquired in a 3D fashion are important to fully characterize a reservoir for CO2geological storage. © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Intranasal administration of aTf protects and repairs the neonatal white matter after a cerebral hypoxic–ischemic event
Authors: Guardia Clausi Mariano , Paez Pablo M. , Campagnoni Anthony T. , Pasquini Laura A. , Pasquini Juana M.
Published: June 2012

Our previous studies showed that the intracerebral injection of apotransferrin (aTf) attenuates white matter damage and accelerates the remyelination process in a neonatal rat model of cerebral hypoxia‐ischemia (HI) injury. However, the intracerebral injection of aTf might not be practical for clinical treatments. Therefore, the development of less invasive techniques capable of delivering aTf to the central nervous system would clearly aid in its effective clinical use. In this work, we have determined whether intranasal (iN) administration of human aTf provides neuroprotection to the neonatal mouse brain following a cerebral hypoxic–ischemic event. Apotransferrin was infused into the naris of neonatal mice and the HI insult was induced by right common carotid artery ligation followed by exposure to low oxygen concentration. Our results showed that aTf was successfully delivered into the neonatal HI brain and detected in the olfactory bulb, forebrain and posterior brain 30 min after inhalation. This treatment successfully reduced white matter damage, neuronal loss and astrogliosis in different brain regions and enhanced the proliferation and survival of oligodendroglial progenitor cells (OPCs) in the subventricular zone and corpus callosum (CC). Additionally, using an in vitro hypoxic model, we demonstrated that aTf prevents oligodendrocyte progenitor cell death by promoting their differentiation. In summary, these data suggest that iN administration of aTf has the potential to be used for clinical treatment to protect myelin and to induce remyelination in demyelinating hypoxic–ischemic events in the neonatal brain. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Microglia and intractable chronic pain
Authors: Tsuda Makoto , Beggs Simon , Salter Michael W. , Inoue Kazuhide
Published: June 2012

Many pathological processes within the central nervous system are mediated by complex interactions between neurons and resident glial cells. In the case of painful peripheral neuropathy, spinal microglia react and undergo a series of changes that directly influence the establishment of neuropathic pain states. Purinergic signaling has been shown to be at the center of this reactivity, and here we review recent mechanistic advances describing the importance of microglial P2 receptors and their interactions with neuronal populations in the development of neuropathic pain. © Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Phase informed model for motion and susceptibility
Authors: Hutton Chloe , Andersson Jesper , Deichmann Ralf , Weiskopf Nikolaus
Published: June 2012

Field inhomogeneities caused by variations in magnetic susceptibility throughout the head lead to geometric distortions, mainly in the phase‐encode direction of echo‐planar images (EPI). The magnitude and spatial characteristics of the distortions depend on the orientation of the head in the magnetic field and will therefore vary with head movement. A new method is presented, based on a phase informed model for motion and susceptibility (PIMMS), which estimates the change in geometric distortion associated with head motion. This method fits a model of the head motion parameters and scanner hardware characteristics to EPI phase time series. The resulting maps of the model fit parameters are used to correct for susceptibility artifacts in the magnitude images. Results are shown for EPI‐based fMRI time‐series acquired at 3T, demonstrating that compared with conventional rigid body realignment, PIMMS removes residual variance associated with motion‐related distortion effects. Furthermore, PIMMS can lead to a reduction in false negatives compared with the widely accepted approach which uses standard rigid body realignment and includes the head motion parameters in the statistical model. The PIMMS method can be used with any standard EPI sequence for which accurate phase information is available. Hum Brain Mapp 34:3086–3100, 2013. © 2012 The Authors. Human Brain Mapping Published byWiley Periodicals, Inc.
Short‐time windows of correlation between large‐scale functional brain networks predict vigilance intraindividually and interindividually
Authors: Thompson Garth John , Magnuson Matthew Evan , Merritt Michael Donelyn , Schwarb Hillary , Pan Wen‐Ju , McKinley Andrew , Tripp Lloyd D. , Schumacher Eric H. , Keilholz Shella Dawn
Published: June 2012

A better understanding of how behavioral performance emerges from interacting brain systems may come from analysis of functional networks using functional magnetic resonance imaging. Recent studies comparing such networks with human behavior have begun to identify these relationships, but few have used a time scale small enough to relate their findings to variation within a single individual's behavior. In the present experiment we examined the relationship between a psychomotor vigilance task and the interacting default mode and task positive networks. Two time‐localized comparative metrics were calculated: difference between the two networks' signals at various time points around each instance of the stimulus (peristimulus times) and correlation within a 12.3‐s window centered at each peristimulus time. Correlation between networks was also calculated within entire resting‐state functional imaging runs from the same individuals. These metrics were compared with response speed on both an intraindividual and an interindividual basis. In most cases, a greater difference or more anticorrelation between networks was significantly related to faster performance. While interindividual analysis showed this result generally, using intraindividual analysis it was isolated to peristimulus times 4 to 8 s before the detected target. Within that peristimulus time span, the effect was stronger for individuals who tended to have faster response times. These results suggest that the relationship between functional networks and behavior can be better understood by using shorter time windows and also by considering both intraindividual and interindividual variability. Hum Brain Mapp 34:3280–3298, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Effects of Color, Scouring Method, and Age on the Visual Sensibility of Naturally Colored Organic Cotton (NaCOC)
Authors: Park Jangwoon , Chang Yoon , Hong Wongi , Lee Myungeun , Han Ahreum , Chae Youngjoo , Cho Gilsoo , You Heecheon
Published: June 2012

In parallel to the social trend of green consumerism and well‐being, the demand for naturally colored organic cotton (NaCOC) continually increases in the textile and clothing industry. The present study examined the effects of NaCOC color, scouring method, and age on the visual sensibility of NaCOC. Two age groups (20s and 30s; 40s and 50s) of women rated three color sets of NaCOC specimens (ivory, green, and coyote brown) treated by two chemical scouring methods (Na2CO3 and NaOH) and two bioscouring methods (enzyme and boiling water) using 7‐point scales of nine visual sensibilities (bright‐dark; clear‐murky; heavy‐light; vivid‐subdued; warm‐cool; fresh‐stale; strong‐weak; showy‐plain; and luxurious‐cheap). Preferred scouring methods by NaCOC color and/or age group were recommended for each visual sensibility (e.g., preferred scouring methods for fresh sensibility are Na2CO3 for ivory NaCOC, Na2CO3 and NaOH for green NaCOC, and boiling water for coyote brown NaCOC). In addition, the representative visual sensibilities of each NaCOC color (e.g., those of coyote brown NaCOC are dark, murky, heavy, vivid, warm, stale, strong, plain, and luxurious sensibilities) were identified for the women participants. Last, it was demonstrated that a bioscouring method can replace the traditional chemical methods for selected visual sensibilities (e.g., boiling water for luxurious sensibility). © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Municipal service delivery: A multi‐stakeholder framework
Authors: Messinger Paul R.
Published: June 2012

A large number of services that affect people's lives in modern economies are delivered by cities. This paper proposes a framework for municipal service delivery. Within this framework, the paper highlights challenges cities face when combining human and automated service delivery. The paper also describes how to harness social media to facilitate citizen engagement in the process of addressing some of these challenges. Lastly, the paper underlines the need for institutional arrangements and flexible software systems that can facilitate citizen‐centered municipal service delivery and social media engagement. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Intrinsic functional connectivity of the human medial temporal lobe suggests a distinction between adjacent MTL cortices and hippocampus
Authors: Lacy Joyce W. , Stark Craig E.L.
Published: June 2012

Functional connectivity analyses can offer insights into mechanisms of the brain that might not be revealed by traditional fMRI. These analyses compare seed voxels' activity over time to the activity of other voxels over time and identify correlations between regions. This study is the first to perform functional connectivity analyses in the human medial temporal lobe (MTL) at high enough resolution to resolve the hippocampal subfields. We calculated the average correlation coefficients between the MTL cortices, which include the entorhinal (ERC), perirhinal (PRC), and parahippocampal cortex (PHC), and the hippocampal subfields dentate gyrus/CA3, CA1, and subiculum. We found that the hippocampal subfields had relatively high correlations with each other both within and across hemispheres, but did not have exceptionally strong correlations with the MTL cortices. The opposite was also seen where there was a relatively high correlation coefficient between the ERC and PRC, but both regions had low correlation coefficients with the hippocampal subfields. We also found greater functional connectivity within a hemisphere than across hemispheres. These effects were replicated across multiple datasets which differed in task demands, participants' age, and scanner sequence/slice acquisition. Notably, all datasets were better correlated to these patterns of intrinsic functional connectivity than to a model based on anatomical constraints. This is consistent with evidence that functional connectivity is not a direct mapping of anatomical connectivity. These patterns of functional connectivity imply a distinction between the MTL cortices and the hippocampus and speak to our understanding of the organization of the MTL. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Photonic crystal enhanced fluorescence for early breast cancer biomarker detection
Authors: Cunningham Brian T. , Zangar Richard C.
Published: June 2012

Photonic crystal surfaces offer a compelling platform for improving the sensitivity of surface‐based fluorescent assays used in disease diagnostics. Through the complementary processes of photonic crystal enhanced excitation and enhanced extraction, a periodic dielectric‐based nanostructured surface can simultaneously increase the electric field intensity experienced by surface‐bound fluorophores and increase the collection efficiency of emitted fluorescent photons. Through the ability to inexpensively fabricate photonic crystal surfaces over substantial surface areas, they are amenable to single‐use applications in biological sensing, such as disease biomarker detection in serum. In this review, we will describe the motivation for implementing high‐sensitivity, multiplexed biomarker detection in the context of breast cancer diagnosis. We will summarize recent efforts to improve the detection limits of such assays though the use of photonic crystal surfaces. Reduction of detection limits is driven by low autofluorescent substrates for photonic crystal fabrication, and detection instruments that take advantage of their unique features. (© 2012 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
IL‐6 augmented motility of airway epithelial cell BEAS‐2B via Akt/GSK‐3β signaling pathway
Authors: Wang Wei‐Chun , Kuo Cheng‐Yi , Tzang Bor‐Show , Chen Han‐Min , Kao Shao‐Hsuan
Published: June 2012

Cell migration plays a pivotal role in airway repair and remodeling involved in respiratory diseases such as asthma. Interleukin‐6 (IL‐6) and fascin‐1 are involved in cell migration upon stimulation; however, the roles of IL‐6 and fascin‐1 in migration of airway epithelial cell remain sketchy. The present study was aimed to investigate influence of IL‐6 on cell motility with emphasis on the association with fascin‐1. Wound healing assay and transmigration assay were performed to examine effect of IL‐6 on migration and invasiveness of human bronchial epithelial cell BEAS‐2B. Level of mRNA expression was determined by RT‐PCR and quantitative real‐time RT‐PCR (Q‐PCR). Involvement of kinase and transcription factor signaling in IL‐6‐induced cell migration was investigated using immunoblot and specific inhibitors. IL‐6 significantly augmented cell migration and invasiveness in parallel with elevated fascin‐1 expression. Further investigation showed that IL‐6 dose‐dependently upregulated fascin‐1 expression in both mRNA and protein levels. We showed that IL‐6 activated Akt and inhibited glycogen synthase kinase‐3β (GSK‐3β), highly associating with fascin‐1 mRNA expression. Additionally, IL‐6‐induced migration was significantly diminished by phosphatidyl inositol 3‐phosphate kinase (PI3K) inhibitor (wortamannin) and β‐catenin inhibitor FH535. Moreover, LiCl and SB216763, inhibitors of GSK‐3β augmented cell migration as well as fascin‐1 mRNA expression. Conclusively, these findings reveal that IL‐6‐induced migration of BEAS‐2B cell may be attributed to activation of Akt, inhibition of GSK‐3β, and the associated increase of β‐catenin and fascin‐1 expression, indicating an important role of Akt/GSK‐3β signaling and β‐catenin/fascin‐1 in IL‐6 associated airway remodeling. J. Cell. Biochem. 113: 3567–3575, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Functional structure of the promoter regions for the predominant low molecular weight isoforms of tropomyosin in human kidney cells
Authors: Savill Stuart A. , Leitch Helen F. , Harvey John N. , Thomas Trevor H.
Published: June 2012

High and low molecular weight (LMW) tropomyosin isoforms, by regulation of actin filaments, have a major role in the regulation of cell behaviour. They affect malignant transformation, motility, differentiation, metastasis and cell membrane protein presentation. Expression of LMW isoforms from the TPM1 and TPM3 genes have an important role in these effects but the regulation of their expression is unknown. Luciferase assays on a progressively truncated 1.7 kb fragment upstream of the exon 1b translation start site in the TPM1 and TPM3 genes in HEK‐293 cells showed upstream activation sequences in TPM1 between −152 and −139 bp and in TPM3 between −154 and −102 bp. The effect of mutating candidate transcription factor binding sites identified an AML1‐like transcription factor binding site in TPM1 and a cAMP response element in TPM3. Downstream from the primary activation sequence in TPM1 was a repressor region corresponding to two Sp/KLF family binding GC boxes. Band shift assays confirmed that deletion of these sites altered transcription factor binding and ChIP assays confirmed the presence of AML1 and CREB at the TPM1 and TPM3 activation sequences in the respective promoters. Expression of LMW isoforms from TPM1 and TPM3 genes is regulated very differently. This facilitates regulation of the many cell processes involving these proteins. In situations where these proteins have a critical role, such as cancer metastasis, it also facilitates specific intervention. J. Cell. Biochem. 113: 3576–3586, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Association of SIRT1 expression with shear stress induced endothelial progenitor cell differentiation
Authors: Cheng Bin‐Bin , Yan Zhi‐Qiang , Yao Qing‐Ping , Shen Bao‐Rong , Wang Ji‐Yao , Gao Li‐Zhi , Li Yu‐Qing , Yuan Hai‐Tao , Qi Ying‐Xin , Jiang Zong‐Lai
Published: June 2012

Shear stress imposed by blood flow is crucial for differentiation of endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs). Histone deacetylase SIRT1 has been shown to play a pivotal role in many physiological processes. However, association of SIRT1 expression with shear stress‐induced EPC differentiation remains to be elucidated. The present study was designed to determine the effect of SIRT1 on EPC differentiation induced by shear stress, and to seek the underlying mechanisms. Human umbilical cord blood‐derived EPCs were exposed to laminar shear stress of 15 dyn/cm2 by parallel plate flow chamber system. Shear stress enhanced EPC differentiation toward endothelial cells (ECs) while inhibited to smooth muscle cells (SMCs). The expressions of phospho‐Akt, SIRT1 and histone H3 acetylation (Ac‐H3) in EPCs were detected after exposure to shear stress for 2, 6, 12, and 24 h, respectively. Shear stress significantly activated Akt phosphorylation, augmented SIRT1 expression and downregulated Ac‐H3. SIRT1 siRNA in EPCs diminished the expression of EC markers, but increased the expression of SMC markers, and resulted in upregulation of Ac‐H3. Whereas, resveratrol, an activator of SIRT1, had the opposite effects on both EPC differentiation and histone H3 acetylation. Wortmannin, an inhibitor of PI3‐kinase, suppressed endothelial differentiation of EPCs, decreased SIRT1, and upregulated Ac‐H3 expression. In addition, SIRT1 promoted tube formation of EPCs in matrix gels. These results provided a mechanobiological basis of shear stress‐induced EPC differentiation into ECs and suggest that PI3k/Akt‐SIRT1‐Ac‐H3 pathway is crucial in such a process. J. Cell. Biochem. 113: 3663–3671, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Subtypes, Dimensions, Levels, and Mental States in Narcissism and Narcissistic Personality Disorder
Authors: Levy Kenneth N.
Published: June 2012

Various conceptualizations of subtypes, levels, and dimensions of narcissism and narcissistic personality disorder (NPD) are considered with a particular focus on overt grandiose presentations and covert vulnerable presentations. Evidence supporting this distinction and clinical vignettes to illustrate it are presented as well as their implications for clinical work with NPD patients. The research and clinical evidence points to the conclusion that these broad categorical subtypes are better conceptualized as dimensions on which individual patients vary on relative levels, thus suggesting that grandiose and vulnerable presentations represent two sides of the same coin. A case example and clinical implications are provided and discussed.
JAK2 mediates the acute response to decreased cell volume in mouse preimplantation embryos by activating NHE1
Authors: Zhou Chenxi , Baltz Jay M.
Published: June 2012

Preimplantation mouse embryos are particularly sensitive to increased osmolarity within their normal physiological range. The detrimental effects can be alleviated by organic osmolytes such as glycine transported into early embryos, an effect thought to be due to the organic osmolyte replacing a portion of intracellular inorganic ions accumulated during acute cell volume regulation. However, no mechanism of cell volume regulation dependent on inorganic ions has been identified in preimplantation embryos. We found that decreased cell volume rapidly activated Na+/H+ exchange in preimplantation mouse embryos. This activity was likely mediated by the NHE1 (Slc9a1) isoform, since it was blocked by the highly selective NHE1 inhibitor, cariporide, which also inhibited the ability of the 1‐cell embryo to maintain cell volume. How NHE1 is activated by decreased cell volume is not generally well understood. Full activation of NHE1 by decreased cell volume in 2‐cell mouse embryos required the activity of the tyrosine kinase Janus kinase 2 (Jak2), since NHE1 activation was inhibited by the general tyrosine kinase inhibitor genistein, several selective inhibitors of Jak2, and dominant negative Jak2 expressed in 2‐cell embryos. Decreased cell volume furthermore resulted in increased tyrosine phosphorylation of proteins in 2‐cell embryos detected both by anti‐phosphotyrosine antibody and an antibody directed against active phospho‐Jak2. Thus, Jak2 apparently serves as a cell volume sensor in embryos. Evidence from pharmacological inhibitors further indicated that NHE1 activation by decreased cell volume was dependent on calmodulin activity, likely downstream of Jak2, and required active phospholipase C. J. Cell. Physiol. 228: 428–438, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Insulin receptor activation through its accumulation in lipid rafts by mild electrical stress
Authors: Morino‐Koga Saori , Yano Shuichiro , Kondo Tatsuya , Shimauchi Yuichiro , Matsuyama Shingo , Okamoto Yuka , Suico Mary Ann , Koga Tomoaki , Sato Takashi , Shuto Tsuyoshi , Arima Hidetoshi , Wada Ikuo , Araki Eiichi , Kai Hirofumi
Published: June 2012

Insulin resistance is due to the reduced cellular response to insulin in peripheral tissues. The interaction of insulin with its receptor is the first step in insulin action and thus the identified target of insulin resistance. It has been well established that defects or mutations in the insulin receptor (IR) cause insulin resistance. Therefore, an IR activator might be a novel therapeutic approach for insulin resistance. Our previous report showed that mild electrical stress (MES) enhanced the insulin‐induced signaling pathway. However, the molecular mechanism of the effect of MES remains unclear. We assessed the effect of MES, which is characterized by low‐intensity direct current, on insulin signaling in vitro and in vivo. Here, we showed that MES activated the insulin signaling in an insulin‐independent manner and improved insulin resistance in peripheral tissues of high fat‐fed mice. Moreover, we found that MES increased the localization of IR in lipid rafts and enhanced the level of phosphorylated Akt in insulin‐resistant hepatic cells. Ablation of lipid rafts disrupted the effect of MES on Akt activation. Our findings indicate that MES has potential as an activator of IR in an insulin‐independent manner, and might be beneficial for insulin resistance in type 2 diabetes. J. Cell. Physiol. 228: 439–446, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Authentication of bee pollen grains in bright‐field microscopy by combining one‐class classification techniques and image processing
Authors: Chica Manuel
Published: June 2012

A novel method for authenticating pollen grains in bright‐field microscopic images is presented in this work. The usage of this new method is clear in many application fields such as bee‐keeping sector, where laboratory experts need to identify fraudulent bee pollen samples against local known pollen types. Our system is based on image processing and one‐class classification to reject unknown pollen grain objects. The latter classification technique allows us to tackle the major difficulty of the problem, the existence of many possible fraudulent pollen types, and the impossibility of modeling all of them. Different one‐class classification paradigms are compared to study the most suitable technique for solving the problem. In addition, feature selection algorithms are applied to reduce the complexity and increase the accuracy of the models. For each local pollen type, a one‐class classifier is trained and aggregated into a multiclassifier model. This multiclassification scheme combines the output of all the one‐class classifiers in a unique final response. The proposed method is validated by authenticating pollen grains belonging to different Spanish bee pollen types. The overall accuracy of the system on classifying fraudulent microscopic pollen grain objects is 92.3%. The system is able to rapidly reject pollen grains, which belong to nonlocal pollen types, reducing the laboratory work and effort. The number of possible applications of this authentication method in the microscopy research field is unlimited. Microsc. Res. Tech. 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Introducing the construct curiosity for predicting job performance
Authors: Mussel Patrick
Published: June 2012

The present paper provides a conceptual and empirical examination regarding the relevance of the construct curiosity for work‐related outcomes. On the basis of a review and integration of the literature regarding the construct itself, the construct is conceptually linked with performance in the work context. In line with a confirmatory research strategy, the sample of the present study (N = 320) has requirements which reflect this conceptual link. Results from a concurrent validation study confirmed the hypothesis regarding the significance of curiosity for job performance (r = .34). Furthermore, incremental validity of curiosity above 12 cognitive and non‐cognitive predictors for job performance suggests that curiosity captures variance in the criterion that is not explained by predictors traditionally used in organizational psychology. It is concluded that curiosity is an important variable for the prediction and explanation of work‐related behavior. Furthermore, given the dramatic changes in the world of work, the importance is likely to rise, rather than to decline, which has important implications for organizational theories and applied purposes, such as personnel selection. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Theoretical chemical characterization of phosphate‐metal–humic complexes and relationships with their effects on both phosphorus soil fixation and phosphorus availability for plants
Authors: Urrutia Oscar , Guardado Iñaki , Erro Javier , Mandado Marcos , García‐Mina José M
Published: June 2012

BACKGROUND: Previous studies showed that phosphate can be complexed by humic acids (HA) through stable metal (M) bridges (PMHA). We studied the thermodynamic properties of PMHA and their relationships with the ability of PMHA to both decrease soil P fixation and increase P availability for plants. With this aim, we studied the theoretical stability of PFeHA, PAlHA and PCaHA by molecular modelling methods in relation to the degree and intensity of P absorption in soils and the ability of plants to take up complexed P.

RESULTS: A density functional theory (DFT) quantum chemical study enabled us to obtain stable structures for the three PMHA complexes in water solution. The theoretical stabilities (ΔG0) were consistent with that for apparent stability obtained by Scatchard method, PFeHA ≥ PAlHA > PCaHA, though the differences were clearer by the DFT method. Also the reduction of soil P fixation and the release of P from PMHA in the presence of an anionic resin confirmed the stability order of the different PMHA. Plant studies confirmed the ability of diverse plant species to take up both P and metal complexed in PMHA.

CONCLUSION: The results indicated the potential efficiency of PMHA‐based fertilizers to optimize P fertilization for crops cultivated in soils with high P fixation ability. Copyright © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry
Assessment of the effect of condensed (acacia and quebracho) and hydrolysable (chestnut and valonea) tannins on rumen fermentation and methane production in vitro
Authors: Hassanat Fadi , Benchaar Chaouki
Published: June 2012

BACKGROUND: Tannins added to animal diets may have a positive effect on energy and protein utilisation in the rumen. The objective of this study was to examine the impact of different sources and concentrations (20, 50, 100, 150 and 200 g kg−1 dry matter (DM)) of condensed (acacia and quebracho) and hydrolysable (chestnut and valonea) tannins on rumen microbial fermentation in vitro. The experiment also included a negative control with no tannins (control) and a positive control with monensin (10 mg L−1).

RESULTS: In vitro gas production and total volatile fatty acid (VFA) concentration decreased as tannin concentration increased. Addition of acacia, chestnut or valonea tannins at ≥ 50 g kg−1 or quebracho tannins at ≥ 100 g kg−1 resulted in a decrease (up to 40%) in methane (CH4) production compared with the control. Valonea tannins were the only tannin source that reduced (−11%) CH4 production at 50 g kg−1 without affecting VFA concentration. Tannin treatments reduced ammonia (NH3) and branched‐chain VFA concentrations, indicating a reduction in ruminal protein degradation. Monensin reduced CH4 production (−37%) and NH3 concentration (−20%) without affecting total VFA concentration.

CONCLUSION: Supplying acacia, chestnut or valonea tannins at 50 g kg−1 has the potential to reduce CH4 production and ruminal protein degradation with minimum detrimental effects on efficiency of ruminal fermentation. Copyright © 2012 Crown in the right of Canada. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Essential oils to control Botrytis cinerea in vitro and in vivo on plum fruits
Authors: Aminifard Mohammad Hossein , Mohammadi Samane
Published: June 2012

BACKGROUND: The consequence of misusing chemical biocides in controlling pests and diseases has drawn the attention of policy makers to the development of methods potentially available in nature for this purpose. In the present study the inhibitory effects of black caraway, fennel and peppermint essential oils against Botrytis cinerea were tested at various concentrations in vitro and in vivo.

RESULTS: The in vitro results showed that the growth of B. cinerea was completely inhibited by the application of black caraway and fennel oils at concentrations of 400 and 600 µL L−1 respectively. The in vivo results indicated that black caraway, fennel and peppermint oils at all applied concentrations inhibited B. cinerea growth on plum fruits compared with the control. In addition, all three oils at higher concentrations showed positive effects on fruit quality characteristics such as titrable acidity, total soluble solids, carbohydrate content, pH and weight loss percentage. Thus the oils inhibited the infection of plum fruits by B. cinerea and increased their storage life.

CONCLUSION: This research confirms the antifungal effects of black caraway, fennel and peppermint essential oils both in vitro and in vivo on plum fruits postharvest. Therefore these essential oils could be an alternative to chemicals to control postharvest phytopathogenic fungi on plum fruits. Copyright © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry
Pathologic fracture does not influence local recurrence and survival in high‐grade extremity osteosarcoma with adequate surgical margins
Authors: Xie Lu , Guo Wei , Li Yuanbo , Ji Tao , Sun Xin
Published: June 2012

Background and Objectives

The purpose of this study was to estimate the risk factors having relationships with pathologic fracture of osteosarcoma of extremities and to evaluate the role of limb salvage surgery in this group of patients.

Methods

We retrospectively analyzed 28 consecutive cases of pathologic fracture of primary high‐grade localized osteosarcoma of extremities between June 1, 2001 and June 30, 2009. All patients underwent limb salvage surgery and neo‐adjuvant chemotherapy. They had a median age of 14 years (range, 6–30 years). The average follow‐up time was 40.7 months (range, 9–108 months). Clinicopathological factors were analyzed in relation to pathologic fracture. Their recurrence and survival rates were compared to those in cohort of 171 osteosarcoma patients without pathologic fracture who underwent limb salvage surgery during the same period at the same institution.

Results

Less than 15 years, telangiectatic histological subtype, tumor located at the proximal humerus, and radiographical manifested as osteolytic features were risk factors in relation to pathologic fracture. The overall 3‐ and 5‐year survival rates were 50.5% and 45.4%, respectively, in the fracture group, and were not significantly different from those in the control group (71.0% and 61.9%, respectively). Of all 28 fracture patients, 4 experienced local recurrences (14.2%) and 14 developed distant metastasis (50%), which were not significantly different from the rates in the control group (8.8% and 37.4%, respectively).

Conclusion

Limb salvage surgery with adequate margins combined with neo‐adjuvant chemotherapy for pathologic fracture of osteosarcoma did not seem to significantly increase the risk of local recurrence or distal metastasis. J. Surg. Oncol. 2012; 106:820–825. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
RESERVOIR SILTATION AND SEDIMENT YIELD IN THE KRUGER NATIONAL PARK, SOUTH AFRICA: A FIRST ASSESSMENT
Authors: Baade J. , Franz S. , Reichel A.
Published: June 2012

Human‐induced soil erosion is a widespread phenomenon in South Africa, and soil erosion rates reported are among the highest in the world. In addition to human disturbance, unfavourable environmental conditions are mentioned to explain the situation. But data on ‘natural’ erosion from undisturbed sites are rare. This paper presents the first assessment of sediment yield as an integrate measure of erosion, deposition and sediment transport from five catchments located entirely within Kruger National Park (KNP). KNP has been spared from agricultural development for a century and represents a near to natural geo‐ecosystem in the semi‐arid savanna biome. Sediment yield estimates are based on a survey of post‐dam deposits in five reservoirs located in the south‐eastern part of KNP. Reservoir lifetime ranges from 40 to 60 years and the size of the catchments from 8 to 100 km2. The results show distinct relations of long‐term average sediment yield (SY) and area‐specific sediment yield (SSY) with catchment size. Despite the unfavourable semi‐arid environmental conditions, SY is comparatively low. SY varies from 130 ± 45 t y−1 for the 8 km2 catchment to 1130 ± 230 t y−1 for the 100 km2 catchment. SSY is 55 ± 15 t km−2 y−1 for catchments of 12 ± 3 km2 and 11 ± 2·4 t km−2 y−1 for the 100 km2 catchment. The latter finding suggests that decrease of SSY with increasing catchment size is not attributable to human disturbance only. However, further research is necessary to improve and enlarge the database and to verify first results and hypothetical conclusions. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Multicriteria Classification with Unknown Categories: A Clustering–Sorting Approach and an Application to Conflict Management
Authors: Rocha Clara , Dias Luis C. , Dimas Isabel
Published: June 2012

This work proposes an approach to cluster and sort a set of alternatives considering multi‐criteria categories with a partial order structure. It can be considered a heuristic approach because it does not attempt to derive an optimal partial order among all conceivable clusters of alternatives. Rather than this, it intends to be a simple approach that is transparent to the Decision Maker (DM) whose assistance is sought to help shaping the results. The approach proposed arises from the conjugation of traditional Clustering analysis and Multi‐criteria sorting tools. At the outset, the number of categories and their characteristics is unknown. First, we need to detect only the clusters themselves on the basis of a similarity measure independent of the preferences of the DM. Next, we detect potential partial order relations that might exist between them, according to the subjective preferences of the DM. Such preferences are elicited only after the DM has examined the clusters detected and deemed that these categories made sense. The new approach performs very well in a real‐world problem of management of intragroup conflicts and conflict handling strategies. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Initial layers and zero‐relaxation limits of multidimensional Euler–Poisson equations
Authors: Hajjej Mohamed‐Lasmer , Peng Yue‐Jun
Published: June 2012

In this paper, we consider zero‐relaxation limits for periodic smooth solutions of the time‐dependent Euler–Poisson system. For well‐prepared initial data, we construct an approximate solution by an asymptotic expansion up to any order. For ill‐prepared initial data, we construct initial layer corrections in an explicit way. In both cases, the asymptotic expansions are valid in a time interval independent of the relaxation time, and their convergence is justified by establishing uniform energy estimates. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Population dynamics of a two‐stage species with recruitment
Authors: Ladino Lilia M. , Valverde Jose C.
Published: June 2012

This work models and analyzes the qualitative dynamics of a two‐stage species with the factor of recruitment. It shows how the dynamics is determined by a basic threshold parameter . As a result, it is proved that if , then the extinction equilibrium point is globally asymptotically stable, assuring that the species would disappear under this condition. Numerical simulations, produced by varying the parameters obtained from empirical data, show different situations regarding the evolution of the population and allow us to validate the model. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Wavelet characterization of multiplier spaces
Authors: Yang Q.‐X. , Deng F.‐W.
Published: June 2012

We study the wavelet characterization of multiplier spaces between pair of Sobolev spaces. We develop techniques of special decompositions of function products and apply the delicate estimates of wavelet coefficients to get multiplier space characterization by Daubechies wavelets without using capacity. In addition, some multiplier spaces are proved to be trivial. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Improving susceptibility mapping using a threshold‐based K‐space/image domain iterative reconstruction approach
Authors: Tang J. , Liu S. , Neelavalli J. , Cheng Y. C. N. , Buch S. , Haacke E. M.
Published: June 2012

To improve susceptibility quantification, a threshold‐based k‐space/image domain iterative approach that uses geometric information from the susceptibility map itself as a constraint to overcome the ill‐posed nature of the inverse filter is introduced. Simulations were used to study the accuracy of the method and its robustness in the presence of noise. In vivo data were processed and analyzed using this method. Both simulations and in vivo results show that most streaking artifacts inside the susceptibility map caused by the ill‐defined inverse filter were suppressed by the iterative approach. In simulated data, the bias toward lower mean susceptibility values inside vessels has been shown to decrease from around 10% to 2% when choosing an appropriate threshold value for the proposed iterative method. Typically, three iterations are sufficient for this approach to converge and this process takes less than 30 s to process a 512 × 512 × 256 dataset. This iterative method improves quantification of susceptibility inside vessels and reduces streaking artifacts throughout the brain for data collected from a single‐orientation acquisition. This approach has been applied to vessels alone as well as to vessels and other structures with lower susceptibility to generate whole brain susceptibility maps with significantly reduced streaking artifacts. Magn Reson Med, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Information Seeking over the Course of Illness: The Experience of People with Fibromyalgia
Authors: Chen Annie T.
Published: June 2012

Objective

Although there is literature addressing the fibromyalgia illness experience, there has been limited work concerning how people with fibromyalgia utilize health information. The aim of this study was therefore to investigate the information needs and information‐seeking patterns of such individuals, and how these might change over time.

Methods

Data were collected through an online survey of fibromyalgia‐related information behaviours (N = 190). The participants were recruited through two methods: an email invitation sent out over a university listserv including faculty, staff and students, and invitational posts on fibromyalgia discussion boards on various health‐related websites.

Results

Respondents used the internet most frequently, but also placed great value on information from others, including healthcare practitioners, family and friends. Among the online sources, organization websites, health portals and health‐related social networking sites were most frequently used. Topics of interest to people with fibromyalgia vary as they move from an initial stage of confusion, to diagnosis and eventually to a stage of equilibrium in which they are satisfied with their management of their condition. Aside from symptoms and treatments, topics often reflect a need to understand the meaning of their condition and coping skills.

Conclusion

The areas of information need identified in the present study can be used to tailor patient education materials and information services to address contextual and temporal factors in the illness experiences of those with fibromyalgia. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Nash equilibrium solutions of tracking game for bilinear systems with exponential reference signals
Authors: Ning Gaorong , Tie Lin , Cai Kai‐Yuan , Wu Xian‐Yuan
Published: June 2012

In this paper, we consider the problem of Nash equilibrium solutions of two players tracking game for bilinear systems. A successive approximation approach is modified to design optimal controllers for bilinear systems. More specifically, a sequence of extended Sylvester differential equations are solved by this modified approach. A simulation example is given to demonstrate the validity of this approach. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis and characterization of spider‐web‐like electrospun mats of meta‐aramid
Authors: Oh Hyun Ju , Pant Hem Raj , Kang Young Sic , Jeon Kyung Soo , Pant Bishweshwar , Kim Cheol Sang , Kim Hak Yong
Published: June 2012

The effect of salt formation during condensation polymerization on the morphology of electrospun meta‐aramid fibers was investigated. The presence of a by‐product salt (CaCl2) improved the electrospinability of the meta‐aramid solution and induced the formation of a spider‐web‐like structure in the mat. The effect of the concentration of the solution and the applied voltage on the formation of the spider‐web‐like fibrous structure was investigated. Field emission scanning electron microscopy images indicated that thin fibers were uniformly distributed with thick fibers throughout the mats in the form of a spider‐web‐like structure. Thermogravimetric analysis showed that the thermal stability of the electrospun mat was affected by CaCl2. The observed enhancement in the thermal and mechanical properties of the mats, which was attributed to the formation of the spider‐web‐like structure, may increase the number of potential applications of meta‐aramids, such as water/air filtration, protective clothing and electrical insulation. Copyright © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry
Finding Foreigners: Race and the Politics of Memory in British Prisons
Authors: Kaufman Emma
Published: June 2012

In the summer of 2009, the British government introduced a new policy for managing foreign nationals imprisoned in England and Wales. Dubbed hubs and spokes, that policy reorganises the penal estate, concentrating non‐citizens in select prisons ‘embedded’ with full‐time immigration staff. The policy also requires prison staff to identify foreign nationals to immigration authorities and obliges prisons to detain prisoners facing deportation beyond the length of their criminal sentences. This paper explores the effects of such an approach to foreign national prisoners. In particular, I examine how the effort to find the ‘foreigners’ in British penal institutions has affected the meaning of race behind bars. Drawing on a year of ethnographic fieldwork, I argue that the process of identifying foreign nationals is more piecemeal and political than it can seem from outside prison walls. In practice, the effort to find ‘foreigners’ depends on racialised assumptions about foreignness and British national belonging. These assumptions contrast with the fluid and highly personalised articulations of race and nation that circulate within the prison. I examine this contrast, asserting that the hubs and spokes policy remakes and racialises the concept of British citizenship. I also consider the new policy in the historical context of British colonialism. Ultimately, I assert that the government's approach to foreign national prisoners perpetuates amnesia about the politics of imprisoning ‘foreigners’. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Biochemical and Haematological Evaluation of Repeated Dose Exposure of Male Wistar Rats to an Ethanolic Extract of Artemisia annua
Authors: Eteng Mbeh U. , Abolaji Amos O. , Ebong Patrick E. , Brisibe Ebiamadon Andi , Dar Ahsana , Kabir Nurul , Iqbal Choudhary M.
Published: June 2012

Artemisia annua is widely used for the treatment of malaria and other disorders. In a previous study, the artemisinin concentration in the dry leaves of A. annua grown under humid tropical conditions was determined to be 1.098% using reversed phase high performance liquid chromatography. In the current study, biochemical and haematological evaluations of ethanolic leaf extracts derived from such plants (EAA) were carried out in 20 male Wistar rats. Rats were divided into four study groups of saline‐treated (control) and test groups exposed orally to graded doses of EAA for 28 days. The results showed that the liver function and haematological indices, and testosterone levels were not adversely affected. High density lipoprotein ‐cholesterol was reduced at 100 mg/kg of EAA, atherogenic index as well as low density lipoprotein ‐cholesterol was raised, and glucose concentration was reduced significantly at the 100 and 200 mg/kg of EAA (p < 0.05). In addition to serving as a possible antidiabetic agent, EAA may not predispose users to hepatotoxicity, haematotoxicity and testicular toxicity. However, due to the possible risk of atherosclerosis, we advise that the plant extract should be taken with caution in people with atherosclerotic condition. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.