bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Occupational outcomes of people with multiple sclerosis: a scoping review
Authors: Vitturi Bruno Kusznir , Rahmani Alborz , Dini Guglielmo , Montecucco Alfredo , Debarbieri Nicoletta , Sbragia Elvira , Bandiera Paolo , Ponzio Michela , Battaglia Mario Alberto , Manacorda Tommaso , Persechino Benedetta , Buresti Giuliana , Inglese Matilde , Durando Paolo
Published: July 2022

Objectives

To update the knowledge on the occupational outcomes associated with multiple sclerosis (MS), systematically examine the extent, scope and nature of the pre-existing literature and identify research gaps in the existing literature.

Design

Scoping review.

Data sources

A comprehensive database search of PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, SciVerse ScienceDirect and Web of Science was performed. There were no time limits.

Eligibility criteria

We included any peer-reviewed original article reporting the occupational outcomes of people with MS between the ages of 18 and 65 years. We excluded those off-topic and with insufficient information.

Methods

This review was conducted following the Joanna Briggs Institute recommendations and the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses for scoping review checklist. Screening, reading of full-texts and data extraction was performed in a standardised way by expert reviewers from 14 July 2021 to 31 October 2021. We provided a narrative synthesis and an overview of findings.

Results

The initial systematic search yielded 104 228 results. After removing duplicates and applying the exclusion criteria, 403 articles were included in the review. In total, the studies evaluated 492 062 subjects with MS. One hundred fifty-four (38.2%) articles were published in the last 5 years, mostly from Europe and North America (50.9% and 33.0%, respectively). Concerning the occupational outcomes, studies mostly addressed unemployment (311, 77.2%), early retirement (120, 29.8%), disability pension (117, 29.0%), sick leave (77, 19.1%), the indirect cost of MS (74, 18.4%) and work characteristics (57, 14.1%). The results were categorised into seven subtopics: ‘Changes in work and occupational status due to MS’, ‘work-related socio-economic consequences of MS’, ‘risk factors for unfavourable occupational outcomes’, ‘reported barriers to employment’, ‘reported job accommodations and vocational rehabilitation strategies’, ‘job satisfaction, stigma, and disclosing the diagnosis in the workplace’ and ‘rating clinical scales’.

Conclusions

There are several issues that deserve further in-depth study by the scientific community in order to improve the occupational outcomes of people with MS.
Ethical challenges in palliative sedation of adults: protocol for a systematic review of current clinical practice guidelines
Authors: Tomczyk Martyna , Jaques Cécile , Jox Ralf J
Published: July 2022

Introduction

This study aims to identify the full spectrum of ethical challenges of all forms of palliative sedation for adults as presented in current clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) and to determine whether CPGs specify ethical challenges of this therapy for patients with cancer and non-cancer and, if so, how exactly they do this. To the best of our knowledge, no studies have yet investigated this topic. The purpose is purely descriptive; our aim is not to make any kind of normative judgements on these challenges. Nor is our aim to assess the quality of the CPGs.

Methods and analysis

We will perform a systematic review of CPGs on palliative sedation for adults via five electronic databases, grey literature search tools, citation tracking and contact with palliative care experts. Current CPGs accredited by an international, national or regional authority, published in English, German, French, Italian or Polish, from 2000 to the date of the search, will be subjected to content analysis at the textual, linguistic and thematic levels.

Ethics and dissemination

This is a protocol for a systematic review and no human will be involved in this research. Therefore, ethics approval and consent to participate are not applicable to this context. This study protocol is reported in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis for Protocols criteria and registered on PROSPERO. Moreover, the integral version of this study protocol is published as a preprint on Research Square. The results of this study will be actively disseminated through peer-reviewed journals and books, international, national and local conference presentations, social media and media in general.
Computerised cognitive training tools and online nutritional group counselling for people with mild cognitive impairment: study protocol of a completely digital, randomised, controlled trial
Authors: Scheerbaum Petra , Book Stephanie , Jank Michael , Hanslian Etienne , DellO’ro Melanie , Schneider Julia , Scheuermann Julia-Sophia , Bösl Sophia , Jeitler Michael , Kessler Christian , Graessel Elmar
Published: July 2022

Introduction

People with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) are at increased risk of decreasing cognitive functioning. Computerised cognitive training (CCT) and nutrition have been shown to improve the cognitive capacities of people with MCI. For each variable, we developed two kinds of interventions specialised for people with MCI (CCT: ‘individualised’ CCT; nutrition: a whole-food, plant-based diet). Additionally, there are two kinds of active control measures (CCT: ‘basic’ CCT; nutrition: a healthy diet following the current guidelines of the German Nutrition Society). The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of the two interventions on cognition in people with MCI in a 2×2 randomised controlled trial with German participants.

Methods and analysis

Participants will be community-dwelling individuals with a psychometric diagnosis of MCI based on the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) and Mini-Mental State Examination. With N=200, effects with an effect size off≥0.24 (comparable to Cohen’sd≥0.48) can be detected. Screening, baseline, t6 and t12 testing will be conducted via a videoconferencing assessment, telephone, and online survey. Participants will be randomly allocated to one of four groups and will receive a combination of CCT and online nutritional counselling. The CCT can be carried out independently at home on a computer, laptop, or tablet. Nutrition counselling includes 12 online group sessions every fortnight for 1.5 hours. The treatment phase is 6 months with follow-ups after six and 12 months after baseline.

Ethics and dissemination

All procedures were approved by the Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg Ethics Committee (Ref. 21-318-1-B). Written informed consent will be obtained from all participants. Results will be published in peer-reviewed scientific journals, conference presentations.

Trial registration number

ISRCTN10560738.
Can primary care research be conducted more efficiently using routinely reported practice-level data: a cluster randomised controlled trial conducted in England?
Authors: Blair Peter S , Ingram Jenny , Clement Clare , Young Grace , Seume Penny , Taylor Jodi , Cabral Christie , Lucas Patricia Jane , Beech Elizabeth , Horwood Jeremy , Dixon Padraig , Gulliford Martin C , Francis Nick , Creavin Sam T , Lane Athene , Bevan Scott , Hay Alastair D
Published: July 2022

Objectives

Conducting randomised controlled trials (RCTs) in primary care is challenging; recruiting patients during time-limited or remote consultations can increase selection bias and physical access to patients’ notes is costly and time-consuming. We investigated barriers and facilitators to running a more efficient design.

Design

An RCT aiming to reduce antibiotic prescribing among children presenting with acute cough and a respiratory tract infection (RTI) with a clinician-focused intervention, embedded at the practice level. By using aggregate level, routinely collected data for the coprimary outcomes, we removed the need to recruit individual participants.

Setting

Primary care.

Participants

Baseline data from general practitioner practices and interviews with individuals from Clinical Research Networks (CRNs) in England who helped recruit practices and Clinical Commission Groups (CCGs) who collected outcome data.

Intervention

The intervention included: (1) explicit elicitation of parental concerns, (2) a prognostic algorithm to identify children at low risk of hospitalisation and (3) provision of a printout for carers including safety-netting advice.

Coprimary outcomes

For 0–9 years old—(1) Dispensing data for amoxicillin and macrolide antibiotics and (2) hospital admission rate for RTI.

Results

We recruited 294 of the intended 310 practices (95%) representing 336 496 registered 0–9 years old (5% of all 0–9 years old children). Included practices were slightly larger, had slightly lower baseline prescribing rates and were located in more deprived areas reflecting the national distribution. Engagement with CCGs and their understanding of their role in this research was variable. Engagement with CRNs and installation of the intervention was straight-forward although the impact of updates to practice IT systems and lack of familiarity required extended support in some practices. Data on the coprimary outcomes were almost 100%.

Conclusions

The infrastructure for trials at the practice level using routinely collected data for primary outcomes is viable in England and should be promoted for primary care research where appropriate.

Trial registration number

ISRCTN11405239.
Prevalence and determinants of persistent symptoms after infection with SARS-CoV-2: protocol for an observational cohort study (LongCOVID-study)
Authors: Mutubuki Elizabeth N , van der Maaden Tessa , Leung Ka Yin , Wong Albert , Tulen Anna D , de Bruijn Siméon , Haverman Lotte , Knoop Hans , Franz Eelco , van Hoek Albert Jan , van den Wijngaard Cees C
Published: July 2022

Introduction

A substantial proportion of individuals infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), report persisting symptoms weeks and months following acute infection. Estimates on prevalence vary due to differences in study designs, populations, heterogeneity of symptoms and the way symptoms are measured. Common symptoms include fatigue, cognitive impairment and dyspnoea. However, knowledge regarding the nature and risk factors for developing persisting symptoms is still limited. Hence, in this study, we aim to determine the prevalence, severity, risk factors and impact on quality of life of persisting symptoms in the first year following acute SARS-CoV-2 infection.

Methods and analysis

The LongCOVID-study is both a prospective and retrospective cohort study being conducted in the Netherlands, with a one year follow-up. Participants aged 5 years and above, with self-reported positive or negative tests for SARS-CoV-2 will be included in the study. The primary outcome is the prevalence and severity of persistent symptoms in participants that tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 compared with controls. Symptom severity will be assessed for fatigue (Checklist Individual Strength (CIS subscale fatigue severity)), pain (Rand-36/SF-36 subscale bodily pain), dyspnoea (Medical Research Council (mMRC)) and cognitive impairment (Cognitive Failure Questionnaire (CFQ)). Secondary outcomes include effect of vaccination prior to infection on persistent symptoms, loss of health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and risk factors for persisting symptoms following infection with SARS-CoV-2.

Ethics and dissemination

The Utrecht Medical Ethics Committee (METC) declared in February 2021 that the Medical Research Involving Human Subjects Act (WMO) does not apply to this study (METC protocol number 21-124/C). Informed consent is required prior to participation in the study. Results of this study will be submitted for publication in a peer-reviewed journal.
Mitigating and managing COVID-19 conspiratorial beliefs
Authors: Dow Benjamin J , Wang Cynthia S , Whitson Jennifer A , Deng Yingli
Published: July 2022

Background/Aim

Belief in COVID-19 related conspiracy theories is a widespread and consequential problem that healthcare leaders need to confront. In this article, we draw on insights from social psychology and organisational behaviour to offer evidence-based advice that healthcare leaders can use to reduce the spread of conspiratorial beliefs and ameliorate their negative effects, both during the current pandemic and beyond.

Conclusion

Leaders can effectively combat conspiratorial beliefs by intervening early and bolstering people’s sense of control. Leaders can also address some of the problematic behaviours that result from conspiratorial beliefs by introducing incentives and mandates (e.g., vaccine mandates). However, because of the limitations of incentives and mandates, we suggest that leaders complement these techniques with interventions that leverage the power of social norms and increase people’s connections to others.
Probing electronic decoherence with high-resolution attosecond photoelectron interferometry
Authors: Busto David , Laurell Hugo , Finkelstein-Shapiro Daniel , Alexandridi Christiana , Isinger Marcus , Nandi Saikat , Squibb Richard J. , Turconi Margherita , Zhong Shiyang , Arnold Cord L. , Feifel Raimund , Gisselbrecht Mathieu , Salières Pascal , Pullerits Tönu , Martín Fernando , Argenti Luca , L’Huillier Anne
Published: July 2022

Quantum coherence plays a fundamental role in the study and control of ultrafast dynamics in matter. In the case of photoionization, entanglement of the photoelectron with the ion is a well-known source of decoherence when only one of the particles is measured. Here, we investigate decoherence due to entanglement of the radial and angular degrees of freedom of the photoelectron. We study two-photon ionization via the 2s2p autoionizing state in He using high spectral resolution photoelectron interferometry. Combining experiment and theory, we show that the strong dipole coupling of the 2s2p and 2p$$^2$$

2

states results in the entanglement of the angular and radial degrees of freedom. This translates, in angle-integrated measurements, into a dynamic loss of coherence during autoionization.

Graphic Abstract
Quantum radiation from a classical point source
Authors: Dimock J.
Published: July 2022

We study the radiation of photons from a classical charged particle. We particularly consider a situation where the particle has a constant velocity in the distant past, then is accelerated, and then has a constant velocity in the distant future. Starting with no photons in the distant past we seek to characterize the quantum state of the photon field in the distant future. Working in the Coulomb gauge and in a [Formula: see text]-algebra formulation, we give sharp conditions on whether this state is or is not in Fock space.
Face Detection Based on Dynamic Min Size and Dense Connection
Authors: Gao Wuqi , Wang Man , Zhang Ning , Li Liangliang , Gao Lina
Published: July 2022

Since the face detection technology is widely used, improving the detection speed and accuracy in face detection tasks has become a key challenge. Therefore, this paper takes the MTCNN model as the research object and makes improvements, the purpose of which is to optimize the detection speed and accuracy simultaneously. A dynamic min size algorithm is proposed. According to the size of the input image, it dynamically controls the minimum size of the face to be recognized by the model and reduces the number of iterations of the image pyramid, increasing the number of detection frames per second by 4[Formula: see text]fps. Then, the standard convolution structure in the P-Net and R-Net models is replaced by the depth-wise separable convolution, which effectively reduces the number of parameters and computation of the model. Meanwhile, an O-Net model with a densely connected structure is also developed. Our experiments with well-known public datasets have demonstrated that the proposed network structure can improve the detection frame rate. By reusing the features of different levels of the image, the recall rate and the precision rate of the MTCNN model on the validation set are increased by 2.39% and 1.65%, respectively.
Bohr Hamiltonian with Hulthen plus screened Kratzer potential using super symmetric quantum mechanics
Authors: Mah Tsila P. , Likéné A. Atangana , Ema’a Ema’a J. M. , Abiama P. Ele , Ben-Bolie G. H.
Published: July 2022

In this paper, we look for a novel analytical solution of the Bohr Hamiltonian in the presence of the Hulthen plus screened Kratzer potential in [Formula: see text]-part of the collective nuclear potential. The new expression for the energy spectra is obtained using the method of super symmetric quantum mechanics. The effect of the Hulthen plus screened Kratzer potential is studied on root mean square deviation, and normalized eigen energies of ground state band, [Formula: see text]-band and [Formula: see text]-band of 192Pt, 194Pt and 196Pt atomic nuclei. The [Formula: see text] transition rates are calculated for the latter potential. Furthermore, our results are compared with experimental data, and other relevant theoretical works. We discuss on how the combination of these two potentials makes it possible to improve the results of energy spectra and quadrupole transitions of triaxial nuclei. We discuss the quantitative and qualitative descriptions concerning the structure of the nucleus using some indicators such as root mean square and staggering of the [Formula: see text]-band. The results provided by our model are found to be in good agreement with experimental data and improved in comparison with previous works.
Active and Interdisciplinary Approach to Teach Corporate Finance
Authors: Lee Cheng Few
Published: July 2022

The primary purpose of this paper is to discuss how to use the active and interdisciplinary approaches to teach corporate finance. First, I describe the content and structure of the book entitled Corporate Finance and Strategy: An Active Learning Approach [Lee, CF, AC Lee, JC Lee and M Lee (2022). World Scientific]. Second, I discuss how the interdisciplinary approach is used to integrate corporate finance and strategy with other subjects. Third, I discussed how I require students to write three projects to make this course become active instead of passive to learn corporate finance. Finally, I discuss how students can benefit from active and interdisciplinary approach to learn finance.
International Art Design Talents-oriented New Training Mode Using Human–Computer Interaction based on Artificial Intelligence
Authors: Zhao Ling
Published: July 2022

The research expects to promote “artificial intelligence (AI) [Formula: see text] Education” and cultivate high-quality art design talents with international perspectives. First, random sampling recruits 100 Art Design sophomores in a university and divides them into a test group and a control group. The Questionnaire Survey (QS) is used to obtain research data, including students’ satisfaction with the curriculum, training mode, and innovation environment. Meanwhile, some deficiencies in the traditional educational model are revealed alongside targeted suggestions. Then, a comparative analysis is performed on the design works of the two groups and the student’s evaluation of the existing and proposed models. The result proves the effectiveness of the proposed international art design talents-oriented Human–Computer Interaction (HCI)-based training model. The research results imply that students are less satisfied with the existing curriculum, training mode, and innovative environment. About 40% of students hold a neutral attitude towards the current curriculum. They hope that the school provides a more comprehensive and flexible curriculum, personalized training methods, and a relaxed learning environment conducive to creativity. Students in the test and the control groups have gained significant differences in the scores of design works. The test group has scored relatively high, and their works contain more international elements than the control group. Meanwhile, the test group’s works reflect a deeper understanding of theoretical knowledge. They give a high evaluation of the proposed talent training model. Thus, the proposed HCI-based new talent training model is effective. Therefore, the proposal is of great significance for promoting the “AI [Formula: see text] Education” and talent training models.
Anisotropic strange stars with off-diagonal tetrad in f(T,𝒯 ) gravity
Authors: Javed Faisal , Jan Munsif , Ditta Allah , Qaisar Shahid
Published: July 2022

This paper explores the aspects of compact stars in [Formula: see text] gravity, where [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] express the torsion and trace of the energy–momentum tensor. To achieve this goal, we consider a spherically symmetric spacetime with an anisotropic source of fluid. In particular, the Krori–Barua (KB) spacetime is considered to explore the solution of compact stars. In addition, we select three specific types of compact stars models, namely J1416-2230, 4U 1608-52 and Cen X-3. We develop the field equations using the KB spacetime with some specific form of [Formula: see text] gravity. In addition, we consider the Schwarzschild geometry for the matching conditions at the boundary. Then, we calculate the values of all the relevant parameters by imposing matching conditions. We provide detailed graphical analysis to discuss the physical acceptability of different parameters, namely energy density, pressure, anisotropy and gradient. We also examine the stability of compact stars by exploring energy conditions, equations of state, conditions of causality, redshift functions, mass functions and compactness functions. Finally, we find that the obtained solutions are physically viable and also having good properties for the compact star models.
Bouncing cosmological model with general relativistic hydrodynamics in extended gravity
Authors: Shaikh A. Y. , Tarai Sankarsan , Tripathy S. K. , Mishra B.
Published: July 2022

In this paper, in an extended theory of gravity, we have presented bouncing cosmological model at the backdrop of an isotropic, homogeneous space-time, in the presence of general relativistic hydrodynamics (GRH). The scale factor has been chosen in such a manner that with appropriate normalization, the quintom bouncing scenario can be assessed. Accordingly, the bounce occurs at [Formula: see text] and the corresponding Hubble parameter vanishes at the bounce epoch. The equation of state (EoS) parameter and the energy conditions of the model have been analyzed. The violation of strong energy condition further supports the behavior of extended gravity. As the bouncing cosmology suffers with instability, this model also shows the similar behavior.
The symplectic geometrical formulation of quantum hydrodynamics
Authors: Wijaya Andika Kusuma , Hermanto Arief , Rosyid Muhammad Farchani
Published: July 2022

Quantum hydrodynamics described by Madelung equations is analyzed in the framework of symplectic geometry i.e. in covariant phase space approach to geometric field theory. The pre-symplectic manifolds providing the phase spaces describing the Hamiltonian dynamics of quantum fluid are constructed from the set of all solutions of Madelung equations and their corresponding Lagrangian densities. The Madelung equations under consideration are the Madelung equations associated to Schroedinger equations (in the nonrelativistic case) and Madelung equations associated to Klein–Gordon equations (in the relativistic case). The cases where the coupling with electromagnetic fields is present are also considered here. Our symplectic formulation is different from that of [M. Spera, Moment map and gauge geometric aspects of the Schrodinger and Pauli equations, Int. J. Geom. Methods Mod. Phys. 13 (2016) 1–36] in the choice of fundamental fields or variables. Here we regard density function [Formula: see text] and phase function [Formula: see text] not as canonical pair but as the fundamental fields of the theory. The Hamiltonian vector fields corresponding to an observable are obtained from the Hamiltonian equation generated by the observable. The Poisson bracket of two observables then is determined by the Hamiltonian vector fields associated to each observable. In general, the Poisson bracket of two observables is not unique due to the fact that every observable has more than one corresponding Hamiltonian vector field. It is pointed out that the Poisson bracket has a unique value over a certain subset of the set of all observables defined on the pre-symplectic manifold of the Madelung equation under consideration.
Magnetocaloric Effect, Structural, Magnetic and Electronic Properties of High Entropy Alloys AlCoxCr1−xFeNi: First-Principle Calculations and Monte Carlo Simulations
Authors: Abjaou A. , Masrour R. , Jabar A. , Hlil E. K.
Published: July 2022

The magnetocaloric effect, electronic structure and magnetic properties of High Entropy Alloys AlCoxCr[Formula: see text]FeNi ([Formula: see text]) were calculated using the Monte Carlo simulation, the Korringa–Kohn–Rostoker method combined with the coherent potential approximation (KKR-CPA), method of linear augmented plane wave (FPLAPW) within generalized gradient approximation (GGA) and modified Becke–Johnson potential (TB-mBJ). Density of states of AlCoxCr[Formula: see text]FeNi are studied and analyzed. The total magnetic moments of magnetic atoms were calculated and compared with theoretical and experimental results. On the other side, the magnetocaloric effect in AlCoxCr[Formula: see text]FeNi was studied by first-principle calculations (FPCs) and Monte Carlo simulations. The magnetic phase transition temperature is estimated. The Curie temperature and exchange integrals were found to decrease with Co substitution. The magnetic entropy changes and relative cooling power are found.
Thermomechanical and Viscoelastic Behavior of Biodegradable and Biocompatible Polymer Nanocomposite
Authors: Biswal Trinath
Published: July 2022

The application of biodegradable and biocompatible polymer composite is continuously increasing in various fields such as electrical, electronics, construction, automobiles, and aerospace. The synthetic petroleum-based polymers and composite materials are the cause of the accumulation of huge quantities of waste and subsequently affect our natural ecosystem seriously. Hence, to solve this global issue, researchers are focusing on the development of new sustainable, biodegradable polymeric materials, which are cost-effective and easily industrialized to substitute the conventionally used nonbiodegradable polymeric materials. For proper development and design of biodegradable and biocompatible polymer nanocomposite, different behaviors of the prepared materials must be studied. The viscosity and shear modulus of polymer nanocomposites (PNCs) is the product of viscosity or the dynamic shear modulus of the matrix phase of the nanocomposite and volume fraction of the particle. The viscoelastic behavior of the PNCs is strongly influenced by the properties of the polymer matrix and nanoparticle interactions. The different thermomechanical behaviors of polymer and biopolymers include abrasion, thermal shock, mechanical stresses, coefficient of thermal expansion, thermomechanical analysis, thermal stability, [Formula: see text], thermal expansion, thermal analysis, etc. The biodegradable and biocompatible polymeric materials do not possess adequate thermomechanical properties, therefore, to improve the thermomechanical properties, the material should be blended with other suitable materials. Some of the biocomposite materials such as PLA/PBAT, PLA/PBSA, PLA/PBSA, PLA nanocomposites reinforced with clay materials and some fiber-reinforced polymer composites exhibits good thermomechanical properties.
Synthesis of New Hydrazones Using a Biodegradable Catalyst, Their Biological Evaluations and Molecular Modeling Studies (Part-II)
Authors: Mali Suraj N. , Pandey Anima
Published: July 2022

Hydrazones typically have an azomethine ‘–NHN=CH group’ which is crucial for varieties of pharmacological activities. In this study, we have synthesized a set of 15 new hydrazones (5A–5O) of 2-((2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-4-yl)oxy)acetohydrazide, which were characterized with various spectroscopic methods. It was found that the compound 5H had significant bioactivities (Antioxidant: DPPH assay: 80.3% inhibition; at 100[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]g/mL concentration; Antibacterial: Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 6.25[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]g/mL against E. coli; Antimycobacterial, H37Rv Vaccine strain: MIC of 3.12[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]g/mL; Anticancer: Trypan Blue assay, MCF-7; IC[Formula: see text] values of 84.3[Formula: see text]mM). To understand the probable underlying antibacterial mechanisms, we examined all hydrazones against a common bacterial target (2,2-dialkylglycine decarboxylase, PDB ID: 1d7u) and pantothenate synthase from Mycobacteria (PDB ID: 3ivx) using molecular docking. Our molecular dynamics simulations for 100[Formula: see text]ns for both the complexes (5H:1d7u and 5H:3ivx) revealed significant stability of ligand–protein complex. Moreover, to correlate structural features with biological activity, we have developed statistically significant 5-parametric Quantitative Structure–Activity Relationships (QSAR) models. The pharmacophore hypothesis, AADHR_1 (5-point) signifies its importance for biological activities. Finally, we have examined the theoretical and pharmacokinetics and toxicity properties of all synthesized compounds.
So Near and Yet So Far – Symbolic Verification of Distance-Bounding Protocols
Authors: Debant Alexandre , Delaune Stéphanie , Wiedling Cyrille
Published: July 2022

The continuous adoption of Near Field Communication (NFC) tags offers many new applications whose security is essential (e.g., contactless payments). In order to prevent flaws and attacks, we develop in this article a framework allowing us to analyse the underlying security protocols, taking into account the location of the agents and the transmission delay when exchanging messages. We propose two reduction results to render automatic verification possible relying on the existing verification tool
ProVerif
. Our first result allows one to consider a unique topology to catch all possible attacks. The second result simplifies the security analysis when considering Terrorist fraud. Then, based on these results, we perform a comprehensive case study analysis (27 protocols), in which we obtain new proofs of security for some protocols and detect attacks on some others.
Biomineralized Materials for Sustainable and Durable Construction
Authors: Beatty Danielle N. , Williams Sarah L. , Srubar Wil V.
Published: July 2022

Portland cement concrete, the most used manufactured material in the world, is a significant contributor to anthropogenic carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions. While strategies such as point-source CO2 capture, renewable fuels, alternative cements, and supplementary cementitious materials can yield substantial reductions in cement-related CO2 emissions, emerging biocement technologies based on the mechanisms of microbial biomineralization have the potential to radically transform the industry. In this work, we present a review and meta-analysis of the field of biomineralized building materials and their potential to improve the sustainability and durability of civil infrastructure. First, we review the mechanisms of microbial biomineralization, which underpin our discussion of current and emerging biomineralized material technologies and their applications within the construction industry. We conclude by highlighting the technical, economic, and environmental challenges that must be addressed before new, innovative biomineralized material technologies can scale beyond the laboratory.
Regulation of Erythropoiesis by the Hypoxia-Inducible Factor Pathway: Effects of Genetic and Pharmacological Perturbations
Authors: Semenza Gregg L.
Published: July 2022

Red blood cells transport O2 from the lungs to body tissues. Hypoxia stimulates kidney cells to secrete erythropoietin (EPO), which increases red cell mass. Hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs) mediate EPO gene transcriptional activation. HIF-α subunits are subject to O2-dependent prolyl hydroxylation and then bound by the von Hippel–Lindau protein (VHL), which triggers their ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation. Mutations in the genes encoding EPO, EPO receptor, HIF-2α, prolyl hydroxylase domain protein 2 (PHD2), or VHL cause familial erythrocytosis. In addition to O2, α-ketoglutarate is a substrate for PHD2, and analogs of α-ketoglutarate inhibit hydroxylase activity. In phase III clinical trials evaluating the treatment of anemia in chronic kidney disease, HIF prolyl hydroxylase inhibitors were as efficacious as darbepoetin alfa in stimulating erythropoiesis. However, safety concerns have arisen that are focused on thromboembolism, which is also a phenotypic manifestation of VHL or HIF-2α mutation, suggesting that these events are on-target effects of HIF prolyl hydroxylase inhibitors.
Looking at Patent Law: Patenting an Electrochemically Mediated Oxidation Reaction on Electrode Arrays–A Case Study
Authors: Taylor E. Jennings , Inman Maria
Published: July 2022

In this installment of the “Looking at Patent Law” series, we present a case study of the prosecution of U.S. Patent No. 7,507,837 directed towards “Process for Performing an Isolated Pd(II)-Mediated Oxidation Reaction” assigned to CombiMatrix Corporation of Mukilteo, Washington. This case was chosen to coincide with the focus of this issue of Interface on the Organic and Biological Electrochemistry (OBE) division of the Electrochemical Society (ECS). Notably, Prof. Kevin Moeller, a co-inventor on the subject patent, is a member-at-large of OBE. The case study begins with a brief synopsis of the background of the invention followed by 1) a discussion of the parent and child patent applications associated with the invention, 2) inventor assignment and power of attorney designations, 3) summary of office actions, 4) summary of applicant response to non-final rejection, and 5) allowance of the patent application. The case study discusses double patenting and the applicant’s response by filling a terminal disclaimer to traverse the rejection. With this case study, we hope to de-mystify the patent prosecution process and better prepare electrochemical and solid-state scientists, engineers and technologists to interact with their patent counsel regarding their inventions.
Tech Highlights - Summer 2022
Authors: Galloway Joshua , Schindelholz Mara , McNulty David , Karuppaiah Chock , Pile Donald
Published: July 2022

A collection of technology highlights pulled from recent papers published in ECS journals.
Mechanisms of COVID-19 pathogenesis in diabetes
Authors: Aluganti Narasimhulu Chandrakala , Singla Dinender K.
Published: July 2022

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) virus, is a global pandemic impacting 254 million people in 190 countries. Comorbidities, particularly cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and hypertension, increase the risk of infection and poor outcomes. SARS-CoV-2 enters host cells through the angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 receptor, generating inflammation and cytokine storm, often resulting in multiorgan failure. The mechanisms and effects of COVID-19 on patients with high-risk diabetes are not yet completely understood. In this review, we discuss the variety of coronaviruses, structure of SARS-CoV-2, mutations in SARS-CoV-2 spike proteins, receptors associated with viral host entry, and disease progression. Furthermore, we focus on possible mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2 in diabetes, leading to inflammation and heart failure. Finally, we discuss existing therapeutic approaches, unanswered questions, and future directions.

Listen to this article’s corresponding podcast at https://ajpheart.podbean.com/e/covid-19-and-diabetes/ .
Ginsenoside Rg1 Suppresses Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer via MicroRNA-126-PI3K-AKT-mTOR Pathway
Authors: Chen Panfeng , Li Xiaoping , Yu Xi , Yang Min
Published: July 2022

As one of the most common cause of cancer death in the world, lung cancer causes approximately 1.6 million deaths annually. Among them, NSCLC accounts for approximately 85% of patients in whole lung cancer patients. Ginsenoside Rg1 has been confirmed to play an important role in various diseases including cancer. As one of miRNAs, miR-126 closely involves in pathogenesis of the several types of cancers including colorectal, prostate, bladder and gastric cancer, and so on. Thus, the present study aims to investigate effects of the Ginsenoside Rg1 on NSCLC and underlying mechanism. In the study, two lung cancer cell lines including A549 and H1650 were used. It was found that expression of miR-126 was decreased in PBMC of NSCLC patients compared to healthy control. Expression of miR-126 was decreased in cancer tissue compared to paracancerous tissues in NSCLC patients. Importantly, it was found Ginsenoside Rg1 could inhibit growth of lung cancer cells. miR-126 KD remarkably increased the expression of apoptosis genes including caspase 3 and caspase 9 and decreased cell viability in lung cancer cells including A549 and H1650 cells. Interesting, in silico analysis indicated that miR-126 could target PI3K signaling pathway, which was confirmed by WB assay. KD of PI3KR2 compromised promotion of miR-126 on cell apoptosis. Similarly, it was found that KD of mTOR compromised promotion of miR-126 on cell apoptosis. Inhibition of Ginsenoside Rg1 on growth of lung cancer cells was through miR-126 and mTOR. Thus, the present study confirmed that Ginsenoside Rg1 remarkably inhibit lung cancer, which is through microRNA-126-PI3K-AKT-mTOR pathway.
Multi-Agent-Based Film Editing Collaboration System
Authors: Liang Along
Published: July 2022

In order to realize the effective cooperation between editor agents in the film and television editing collaboration system, it is analyzed that the state change of the film and television editing and production process is affected by the cross influence of multiple factors. A single agent can no longer satisfy the current film and television production. From the point of view of system theory, this article constructs the learner agent in the film and television editing system by introducing a new cooperation mechanism—the multi-agent collaborative system model. Collaboration and cooperation between multiple agents and the reinforcement learning between multiple editor agents are realized based on the film and television editing system between multiple agents. The operation mechanism of the separate organization is organized together, cooperates with each other and works in harmony to complete the collaborative effect of the film and television editing system, and can improve the interaction efficiency between the editor agents. Agent film and television editing’s cooperative learning approach allows for successful collaboration among editor agents. The Bayesian technique is utilized in this study to assess the likelihood of effective cooperation between two agents, and a trust model based on this method is presented, making up for the shortcomings of the existing collaborative learning system. The multi-agent collaboration system will be utilized for production in the film and television editing collaboration system. Many of the movie’s scenes and segments are created using computer technology special effects, giving viewers a very unique experience and a feast for the eyes and ears.
Quality Assessment of Vocational Education Teaching Reform Based on Deep Learning
Authors: Ni Zai , Wang Fei
Published: July 2022

In my country, vocational training is an important part of the educational system. In my country’s vocational education system, there is currently a conscious focus on reform and innovation. It is critical to undertake a thorough assessment of teaching quality in vocational education in order to improve teaching quality. Artificial intelligence technology, particularly deep learning technology, can successfully handle this challenge because of the various and complicated aspects involved in the assessment of teaching quality. This article thus provides an evaluation approach for the quality of vocational education that is based on a thorough investigation. Finally, research has demonstrated that this approach is capable of objectively and fairly evaluating a teacher’s teaching quality, increasing a teacher’s teaching passion, improving a teacher’s teaching quality, and nurturing extraordinary abilities.
Liensinine Inhibits Cell Growth and Blocks Autophagic Flux in Nonsmall-Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Chang Minghui , Ding Shanshan , Dong Xiaohan , Shang Xiaoling , Li Yang , Xie Li , Song Xingguo , Song Xianrang
Published: July 2022

Liensinine is a bioactive component of Plumula Nelumbinis extracted from the green embryo of the mature seeds of Nelumbonaceae and exhibits therapeutic functions and noteworthy anti-tumor effects in recent studies. However, the potential anti-tumor property and the underlying mechanisms of liensinine in nonsmall-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) have not been illustrated. In this study, we demonstrated that liensinine has the potential anti-tumor property, and it could inhibit growth of NSCLC in vitro and in vivo. In addition, we found that although it induced significant accumulation of autophagosomes, liensinine could quench them for degradation and blocked autophagic flux. Importantly, we observed that liensinine inhibited the normal function of mitochondrial energy supply and impaired the lysosomal function. This research firstly provides a possibility insight that liensinine could be a novel therapeutic strategy for NSCLC.
Inhibitory Effect of Seawater Pearl Hydrolysate on UVA-Induced Photoaging of Human Skin Fibroblasts
Authors: Han Siyin , Li Hongxuan , Luo Fei , Chen Xin , Cen Yanhui , Liu Peng , Chen Zhenxing , Lan Taijin , Lin Jiang
Published: July 2022

This study is an investigation into the inhibitory effect of seawater pearl hydrolysate (SPH) on the UVA-induced photoaging of human skin fibroblast (HSF) cells, and the mechanism thereof. HSF cells were cultured and irradiated with a UVA 0–50 J·cm−2 dose gradient. The cell inhibition rate was detected using the CCK8 method, and the half-inhibitory dose was determined. Based on this, the dose of UVA irradiation for the follow-up experiment was selected to establish a photoaging model of the HSF cells. The cells were divided into a normal (N) group, UVA-irradiated (UVA) group, SPH low dose (SPHL) group, SPH medium dose (SPHM) group, and SPH high dose (SPHH) group. The photoaging model of HSF cells was established by UVA irradiation in the UVA, SPHL, SPHM, and SPHH groups; the SPHL, SPHM, and SPHH groups were treated with SPH at concentrations of 50, 100, and 200 mg·L−1, respectively, at the same time. After 24 and 48 h of culture, the reactive oxygen species (ROS) level of the HSF cells was detected by flow cytometry, and the required culture time of the HSF cells for the follow-up experiment was selected. The malondialdehyde and glutathione contents, as well as the activities of the superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase in the HSF cells, were detected by biochemical methods. The levels of expression of MMP-1 and collagen I protein in HSF cells were detected by the western blot test, the extent of aging of HSF cells was detected by β-galactosidase staining, and the apoptosis level of HSF cells was detected by flow cytometry. The results show that SPH inhibits the UVA-induced photoaging of HSF cells in a dose-dependent manner within a certain concentration range, and the effect of a concentration of 200 mg·L–1 was the most significant. The mechanism is related to improving the antioxidant activity of photoaging HSF cells to eliminate excessive ROS. It can inhibit apoptosis, reduce the protein expression of MMP-1, and effectively control the degradation of collagen I protein in photoaging HSF cells. Therefore, SPH offers potential for use in sunscreen cosmetics.
Gymnastics Action Recognition and Training Posture Analysis Based on Artificial Intelligence Sensor
Authors: Chen Yuanxiang , Chen Qiao
Published: July 2022

In order to solve the problems that the gymnastics action recognition system cannot select gymnastics training items and difficulty modes, the calculation matching degree and its threshold angle are inaccurate, the effect and efficiency of action learning are low, and this research proposes a gymnastics action recognition and training pose analysis methods based on artificial intelligence sensors. This method completes the performance improvement of the traditional human action recognition algorithm and uses the skeletal features of the Kinect sensor to discriminate sports actions. Clustering based on static

K

-means algorithm increases the accuracy of pose selection, and each pose is recognized by human action using artificial neural network (ANN) and hidden Markov model (HMM). The obtained results are as follows: comparison of nonstatic and proposed static

K

-means algorithm on the training set and the overall accuracy of the proposed method is much better than the previous method. Among the four movements, the accuracy rate of “sitting” and “standing” movements is significantly higher, reaching 100%. In the gymnastics action recognition experiment, the average recognition rate of the system in this research is 93.6%, the false rejection rate is 5%, and the false acceptance rate is only 1.4%. It is proved that the system interface designed in this research can prompt the part that needs to be corrected, display the error on the output device, more efficiently assist the user to perform targeted training on the action to be learned, and improve the effect and efficiency of action learning.
Observation of the Effect of TTM-Based Health Information Behavior Combined with Continuous Nursing on Cognitive and Motor Function, Living Ability, and the Quality of Life of Cerebral Stroke Patients
Authors: Wu Linxue , Jiang Wei , Zhang Min , Fan Guihong , Li Guiling
Published: July 2022

Purpose. To discuss the effect of the transtheoretical model (TTM) of behavior-based health information behavior combined with continuous nursing on cognitive function, motor function, living ability, and quality of life of cerebral stroke (CS) patients. Methods. 540 cases of CS patients hospitalized in our hospital from June 2020 to June 2021 were selected. All the subjects were divided into the control group (270 cases) and study group (270 cases) according to the random number table. The control group was given routine nursing intervention and the study group was given TTM-based health information behavior combined with continuous nursing. The patients were paid a return visit 6 months after discharge, and their cognitive function, motor function, living ability, and quality of life were observed before and after intervention. Results. After intervention, the Montreal cognitive assessment scale score, Fugl-Meyer assessment of motor function score, Barthel index score, and short health scale score of both groups were higher than before intervention, and the study group was higher than the control group (

P
<
0.05

). Conclusion. TTM-based health information behavior combined with continuous nursing has a significant positive impact on cognitive function, motor function, living ability, and quality of life of CS patients.