bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Self-Supporting Nanosheet Electrode for Efficient Oxygen Evolution in a Wide pH Range: Engineering Electronic Structure of Co 3 O 4 by Fe Doping
Authors: Cheng Xiaobo , Han Ningning , He Guangli , Xu Zhuang
Published: January 2024

Developing low-cost and efficient non-precious metal-based electrocatalysts for oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is of great significance for large-scale application of water electrolysis technology. Herein, we present a facile and scalable one-step pyrolysis strategy to fabricate a self-supporting nanosheet electrode involving Fe-doped Co3O4 catalyst (Fe-Co3O4) in-situ grown on carbon paper for efficient and durable OER catalysis in both alkaline and acidic electrolyte. Results show that doping Fe induces the formation of uniform a nanosheet-like morphology with larger specific surface area that facilitates the full exposure of active sites with accessible contact with electrolyte. Electrochemical test results show that the obtained Fe-Co3O4 exhibits superior activity and high stability for OER catalysis in wide pH range, showing the low overpotentials of 263 and 295 mV in 1.0 M KOH and in 0.5 M H2SO4, respectively, outperforming commercial IrO2, and also exhibiting outstanding electrochemical stability up to 420 h in 1.0 M KOH and 15 h in 0.5 M H2SO4 at 10 mA cm− 2. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and DFT theoretical calculations reveal that doping Fe modifies the electronic structure of Co3O4 by decreasing the valence state of Co, which upwards d band center of Co site and then promotes adsorption intensity of oxygen intermediates, leading to an enhanced OER activity. Furthermore, doping Fe also increases the cobalt vacancy formation energy in Fe-Co3O4, which inhibits the thermodynamics of Co dissolution, thus improving the structural stability during OER catalysis. This work provides a new insight into the design of high-performance of Co3O4-based non-precious electrocatalysts in both alkaline and acidic electrolyte for large-scale application of water electrolysis.
Evaluation of fish habitat suitability based on stream hydrodynamics and water quality using SWAT and HEC-RAS linked models
Authors: Park Jinseok , Jang Seongju , Lee Hyeokjin , Gou Jaejun , Song Inhong
Published: January 2024

The objective of this study was to evaluate fish habitat suitability by simulating hydrodynamic and water quality factors using integration model of SWAT and HEC-RAS models considering time-series analysis. The 2.9 km reach of the Bokha stream was selected for the habitat evaluation of Zacco platypus, a dominant fish species of the stream reach. Streamflow and water quality at stream inlet were simulated with the SWAT model and subsequent cross-sectional stream velocity and water depth along with water temperature and dissolved oxygen (DO) were estimated using the HEC-RAS. The linked model was calibrated and validated for the 10 years period from 2013 to 2022. The aquatic habitat was assessed using the weighted usable area (WUA) and time-series analysis was conducted considering the continuity of stream habitat. Overall, SWAT and HEC-RAS simulation accuracy were evaluated as satisfactory or higher in all habitat influence indicators. High water temperature appeared to be the most influential habitat indicator of which impact was particularly pronounced in shallow streamflow areas during hot summer seasons. The time-series analysis identified a 28% threshold of WUA/WUAmax, equivalent to a streamflow of 0.48 m³/s, as the minimum ecological streamflow to mitigate the impact of water temperature rise. The proposed method by linking watershed-stream models could serve as a useful tool for ecological stream management.
Exploring the Interplay: Assessment of Relationship Between Mental Health and Health-Risk Behaviour in Medical Undergraduate Students -A cross sectional questionnaire study
Authors: Elumalai Agila , C Cynthia Leslie , Janakiraman Geerthana , Muthukali Shanmugam , V Anitha , Balachandran Ashwath
Published: January 2024

Background: Medical undergraduate education is a rigorous and demanding journey that often places considerable stress on students, both academically and personally. The multifaceted challenges, can significantly impact the mental health of medical students. Simultaneously, the coping mechanisms adopted by these students in response to the challenges they face may manifest as health-risk behaviours. Emerging research emphasize the prevalence of mental health issues, such as stress, anxiety, and depressive symptoms, within this population, highlighting the need for a comprehensive exploration of the factors influencing the well-being of medical undergraduates.
Aim: The aim of this study is to systematically assess and delineate the intricate relationship between mental health and health-risk behaviour among medical undergraduate students.
Materials & Methods: A self-administered questionnaire, derived from standard reference guidelines, was distributed to 200 medical undergraduate students, collecting data on demographics, mental health outcomes, and health-risk behaviours. The analysis involved a Chi-square test to examine associations between variables.
Results: The findings revealed gender-related differences in screen time habits, physical activity levels, and cardiac exercise engagement. Notably, males exhibited higher rates of reported irritability due to academic issues. The study also identified low prevalence of high-risk behaviours, such as tobacco product usage and excessive alcohol consumption. However, a small percentage of males reported smoking, indicating potential areas for targeted interventions.
Conclusion: This study contributes to the understanding of mental health and health-risk behaviour dynamics among medical undergraduate students. The observed associations underscore the importance of tailored interventions addressing gender-specific stressors and promoting healthy lifestyles. The findings provide a foundation for future research and targeted well-being initiatives within medical education.
Genetic analysis of downy mildew resistance in Indian slicing cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.)
Authors: Bommesh J. C. , C Manjunath Gowda D , Pitchaimuthu Mottaiyan , Ravishankar Kundapura V , H.M Devaraju , Sri S
Published: January 2024

The genetics and gene action conferring downy mildew resistance was revealed among the populations derived from Indian slicing cucumbers, from the parental source comprised of resistant parent IIHR-438 and moderately resistant parent IIHR-433 and two susceptible parents Swarna Agethi and IIHR-431. The two cross Swarna Agethi × IIHR-438 and IIHR-431 × IIHR-433 combination was made and develop six generations (P1, P2, F1, F2, BC1 and BC2) and parents, filial, backcross populations was deployed for genetics. The Mendelian segregation in F2 and back cross suggested that resistance is governed by two pair of recessive genes i.e. inhibitory recessive epistasis (3 resistant: 13 susceptible) in both the cross. IIHR-438 possess higher degree of resistance and epistatic interaction (additive × dominance) was greater importance than main effect. These genetic finding on downy mildew resistance infers to advance the reciprocal recurrent selection breeding method followed by pedigree selection for breeding of downy mildew resistance cucumbers effectively.
Integrating uterine microbiome and metabolome to advance the understanding of the uterine environment in dairy cows with metritis
Authors: Casaro S. , Prim J. G. , Gonzalez T. D. , Cunha F. , Bisinotto R. S. , Chebel R. C. , Santos J. E. P. , Nelson C. D. , Jeon S. J. , Bicalho R. C. , Driver J. P. , Galvão Klibs N.
Published: January 2024

Background
Metritis is a prevalent uterine disease that affects the welfare, fertility, and survival of dairy cows. The uterine microbiome from cows that develop metritis and those that remain healthy do not differ from calving until 2 days postpartum, after which there is a dysbiosis of the uterine microbiome characterized by a shift towards opportunistic pathogens such as Fusobacteriota and Bacteroidota. Whether these opportunistic pathogens proliferate and overtake the uterine commensals could be determined by the type of substrates present in the uterus. The objective of this study was to integrate uterine microbiome and metabolome data to advance the understanding of the uterine environment in dairy cows that develop metritis. Holstein cows (n = 104) had uterine fluid collected at calving and at the day of metritis diagnosis. Cows with metritis (n = 52) were paired with cows without metritis (n = 52) based on days after calving. First, the uterine microbiome and metabolome were evaluated individually, and then integrated using network analyses.
Results
The uterine microbiome did not differ at calving but differed on the day of metritis diagnosis between cows with and without metritis. The uterine metabolome differed both at calving and on the day of metritis diagnosis between cows that did and did not develop metritis. Omics integration was performed between 6 significant bacteria genera and 153 significant metabolites on the day of metritis diagnosis. Integration was not performed at calving because there were no significant differences in the uterine microbiome. A total of 3 bacteria genera (i.e. Fusobacterium, Porphyromonas, and Bacteroides) were strongly correlated with 49 metabolites on the day of metritis diagnosis. Seven of the significant metabolites at calving were among the 49 metabolites strongly correlated with opportunistic pathogenic bacteria on the day of metritis diagnosis. The main metabolites have been associated with attenuation of biofilm formation by commensal bacteria, opportunistic pathogenic bacteria overgrowth, tissue damage and inflammation, immune evasion, and immune dysregulation.
Conclusions
The data integration presented herein helps advance the understanding of the uterine environment in dairy cows with metritis. The identified metabolites may provide a competitive advantage to the main uterine pathogens Fusobacterium, Porphyromonas and Bacteroides, and may be promising targets for future interventions aiming to reduce opportunistic pathogenic bacteria growth in the uterus.
Coherence of lift and drag forces around a cylinder in uniform flow
Authors: Scott L. Ridgway
Published: January 2024

We explore methods for evaluating the coherence of lift and drag forces
for chaotic flow around a cylinder.
We utilize a method based on assessing the proclivity for resonance in
the oscillations of the cylinder.
We compare the resonance approach with Fourier analysis of the lift
force.
Score Test for Marks in Hawkes Processes
Authors: Richards Kylie-Anne , Dunsmuir William T.M. , Peters Gareth W.
Published: January 2024

A score statistic for detecting the impact of marks in a linear Hawkes self-exciting point process is proposed, with its asymptotic properties, finite sample performance, power properties using simulation , and application to real data presented. A major advantage of the proposed inference procedure is that the Hawkes process can be fitted under the null hypothesis that marks do not impact the intensity process. Hence, for a given record of a point process, the intensity process is estimated once only and then assessed against any number of potential marks without refitting the joint likelihood each time. Marks can be multivariate and serially dependent. The score function for any given set of marks is easily constructed as the covariance of functions of future intensities fit the unmarked process with functions of the marks under assessment. The asymptotic distribution of the score statistic is a chi-squared distribution, with degrees of freedom equal to the number of parameters required to specify the boost function. Model-based or nonparametric estimation of required features of the mark’s marginal moments and serial dependence can be used. Using sample moments of the marks in the test statistic construction does not impact the size and power properties.
Evaluation of the influence of hypolipidemic medication on bone tissue by NMR diffusiometry
Authors: Orban Emese , Sipos Remus Sebastian , Fechete Radu , Pap Zsuzsanna
Published: January 2024

Introduction: The ongoing concern of the medical profession regarding chronic medication is related to increasing patient adherence and compliance to treatment and reducing medication side effects. In this respect, drugs represented by fixed-dose combinations of active substances within the same tablet have emerged. Such a principle can be extrapolated by following the potential beneficial effects that a chronic medication can have on chronic pathologies affecting different systems.
Material and method: The study included 48 female Albino Wistar rats, aged 16-18 months, which were divided into two groups. One group of 12 non-ovariectomized rats received no treatment, becoming a control group (NOVX-M). The ovariectomized (OVX) group was divided into 3 groups of 12 rats: no treatment, control (OVX-M), fenofibrate-treated (OVX-F) and statin-treated (OVX-S) rats. To reveal the changes, at intervals of 2, 4, 6, 8 weeks the proximal part of the femur was evaluated by NMR diffusiometry.
Results: The effects of hypolipidemic medication in the absence of estrogen were evidenced, proving the beneficial effect that fenofibrate can have in preserving healthy tissue exposed to osteoporotic risk during the menopausal period. The effects of lipid-lowering medication are also influenced by the duration of administration.
Conclusions: Osteoporosis and heart disease are two chronic pathologies that affect mainly female population in the second half of life, and proving the dual therapeutic potential of lipid-lowering medication may also have positive effects by increasing adherence and compliance to treatment.
A new version of trial equation method for a complex nonlinear system arising in optical fibres
Authors: Kirci Ozlem , Pandir Yusuf , Latifa Agamalieva , Bulut Hasan
Published: January 2024

In this study a new version of the trial equation method (NVTEM) is employed to present the new exact wave solutions of the Fokas system which describes the propagation of nonlinear pulse in monomode optical fibers. Primarily this system is converted to a nonlinear ordinary differential equation (NODE) via the traveling wave transform to apply the proposed method. Various different exact wave solutions to the Fokas system are obtained such as rational function, exponential function, hyperbolic function and Jacobi elliptic function solutions. The exhibition of the solutions are given by 3D plots together with the corresponding 2D plots. The outcomes have shown that the proposed technique is abundant to achieve different wave solutions of many nonlinear differential equations in the field of optics.
Mathematical Modeling of Alopecia Areata: Unraveling Hair Cycle Dynamics, Disease Progression, and Treatment Strategies
Authors: Alzubadi Hanadi
Published: January 2024

This paper describes the model development process in detail, including the formulation of equations and parameters based on existing knowledge of hair cycle dynamics and immune system interactions. Various analyses are conducted to gain insights into the behaviour of the model. Illustrative simulations are performed to observe the temporal dynamics of the disease progression under different conditions. Sensitivity analysis using eFAST (Extended Fourier Amplitude Sensitivity Test) is employed to identify the most influential parameters affecting the length of the anagen phase in hair follicles affected by alopecia areata. The findings of the study shed light on the complex dynamics of alopecia areata and contribute to a deeper understanding of the disease mechanisms. The model provides a valuable tool for studying autoimmune hair loss diseases and may have implications for the diagnosis and treatment of such conditions. By simulating the immune response and its effects on hair follicles, the model offers insights into potential treatment strategies that can target immune dysregulation. The temporal mathematical model presented in this dissertation provides a comprehensive framework for investigating alopecia areata and understanding its underlying dynamics. The integration of hair cycle dynamics and immune system interactions enhances our knowledge of the disease and opens avenues for future advancements in diagnosis and treatment approaches.
Unsupervised Segmentation of Industrial X-ray Computed Tomography Data with the Segment Anything Model
Authors: Weinberger Patrick , Schwarz Lea , Fröhler Bernhard , Gall Alexander , Heim Anja , Yosifov Miroslav , Bodenhofer Ulrich , Kastner Johann , Senck Sascha
Published: January 2024

Industrial X-ray computed tomography (XCT) is a crucial non-destructive testing method for quality control in various branches of industry. Accurate segmentation of XCT data aids in defect identification and material characterization. In this paper we present our results of applying the Segment Anything Model (SAM) in this context. SAM, an unsupervised approach that automates segmentation without manual annotations, combines deep convolutional neural networks and generative adversarial networks. We used SAM on diverse industrial XCT data, and our evaluation demonstrates SAM’s competitive segmentation accuracy and efficiency. SAM’s unsupervised nature and adaptability offer cost-effective and reliable quality assurance solutions in industrial settings, enhancing product quality and inspection processes.
Low-dose radiotherapy encourages the generation of IFN and improves the tumor immune microenvironment
Authors: Wang Yang , Liang Xue , Ming Wei , Tan Yanhu , Liang Yan , Xing Huimin , Teng Yue , Bao Jinlei , Li Baosheng
Published: January 2024

Background Radiation-induced apoptosis in tumor cells triggers signals such as phosphatidylserine and calreticulin to attract and activate dendritic cells, leading to T and NKT cell-based immune responses and macrophage phagocytosis. Objectives This study explored the potential of low-measure radiation to stimulate interferon (IFN) production, thereby enhancing immunogenic cell death in tumor cells. Methods Using a murine Lewis lung carcinoma model, mice underwent LDR (0.1 Gy every other day for five cycles), CTLA-4 treatment, or their combination. Flow cytometry, ELISA, immunohistochemistry, and RNA sequencing assessed immune cell infiltration, cytokine levels, and tumor growth dynamics. The role of IRF7 and IFN in LDR-mediated immune modulation was explored genetically and at the protein level. Results LDR enhanced IFN-α production, upregulated chemokines, and increased CD8 T cell infiltration in tumors. IRF7 emerged as a key mediator, with LDR promoting its expression, nuclear translocation, and heightened IFN production. Combining LDR with CTLA-4 synergistically suppressed tumor growth, increased CD8 T cell infiltration, and elevated IFN-γ levels. Conclusion LDR, through IRF7-mediated IFN induction, reshapes the tumor microenvironment, fostering anti-tumor immune responses. The synergy of LDR and CTLA-4 presents a potential strategy to address current cancer therapy challenges. This study contributes insights into LDR's immunomodulatory role, suggesting broader applications beyond cancer treatment.
Low-dose radiotherapy encourages the generation of IFN and improves the tumor immune microenvironment
Authors: Dong Jigang , Li Baosheng
Published: January 2024

Background Radiation-induced apoptosis in tumor cells triggers signals such as phosphatidylserine and calreticulin to attract and activate dendritic cells, leading to T and NKT cell-based immune responses and macrophage phagocytosis. Objectives This study explored the potential of low-measure radiation to stimulate interferon (IFN) production, thereby enhancing immunogenic cell death in tumor cells. Methods Using a murine Lewis lung carcinoma model, mice underwent LDR (0.1 Gy every other day for five cycles), CTLA-4 treatment, or their combination. Flow cytometry, ELISA, immunohistochemistry, and RNA sequencing assessed immune cell infiltration, cytokine levels, and tumor growth dynamics. The role of IRF7 and IFN in LDR-mediated immune modulation was explored genetically and at the protein level. Results LDR enhanced IFN-α production, upregulated chemokines, and increased CD8 T cell infiltration in tumors. IRF7 emerged as a key mediator, with LDR promoting its expression, nuclear translocation, and heightened IFN production. Combining LDR with CTLA-4 synergistically suppressed tumor growth, increased CD8 T cell infiltration, and elevated IFN-γ levels. Conclusion LDR, through IRF7-mediated IFN induction, reshapes the tumor microenvironment, fostering anti-tumor immune responses. The synergy of LDR and CTLA-4 presents a potential strategy to address current cancer therapy challenges. This study contributes insights into LDR's immunomodulatory role, suggesting broader applications beyond cancer treatment.
Assessing Medical Accuracy of AI-Generated GERD Educational Social Media Posts.
Authors: Patel Akash
Published: January 2024

Background
Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD) is a prevalent condition requiring effective patient education for management. With the advent of Artificial Intelligence (AI), tools like predis.ai are emerging as novel mediums for disseminating health information. This study evaluates the medical accuracy and guideline adherence of AI-generated social media content for GERD patient education compared to the American Gastroenterological Association (AGA) online material.
Methods
Social media posts were generated using predis.ai with inputs related to GERD patient education. The resulting content was critically analysed for its medical accuracy and alignment with the AGA's online patient education material. Key areas of evaluation included dietary advice, lifestyle changes, and general health tips for managing GERD.
Results
The AI-generated posts aligned with AGA material in advocating smaller, frequent meals, avoidance of trigger foods, and postural recommendations. However, they lacked comprehensive dietary guidelines, such as the Mediterranean diet, and omitted advice on sugar and fat intake, alcohol consumption, and the benefits of physical activity.
Conclusion
AI-generated social media content can serve as an adjunct in disseminating health information for GERD. However, healthcare professionals should verify the content's completeness and accuracy before endorsing it as a standalone educational resource.
The relationship between research activity and the performance of English general practices: cross sectional and longitudinal analyses
Authors: Gibson Jonathan , Kontopantelis Evangelos , Sutton Matthew , Boaz Annette , Little Paul , Mallen Christian , McManus Richard , Park Sophie , Usher-Smith Juliet , Bower Peter
Published: January 2024

Introduction
Research activity usually improves outcomes by being translated into practice. However, there is developing evidence that research activity itself may improve the overall performance of health care organisations. However, evidence that these relationships represent a causal impact of research activity is less clear. Additionally, the bulk of the existing evidence relates to hospital settings, and it is not known if those relationships would also be found in general practice, where most patient contacts occur. We sought to (a) test whether there were significant relationships between research activity in general practice and organisational performance (b) test whether those relationships were plausibly causal.
Methods
We analysed national data between 2008 and 2019 using cross sectional and longitudinal analyses, on 7921 general practices in England. Research activity included measures from the NIHR Clinical Research Network and the Royal College of General Practitioners. Measures of practice performance included clinical quality of care, patient reported experience of care, prescribing quality and hospital admissions.
Results
In cross-sectional analyses, research activity was positively associated with a number of measures of practice performance, including clinical quality of care, patient reported experience of care, and hospital admissions. The associations were generally modest in magnitude. However, longitudinal analyses did not support a reliable causal relationship.
Conclusions
Similar to findings from hospital settings, research activity in general practice is associated with practice performance. There is less evidence that research is causing those improvements, although this may reflect the limited level of research activity in most practices. We identified no negative impacts, suggesting that research activity is something that high quality practices are able to deliver alongside their core responsibilities and a potential marker of quality.
A systematic review protocol of injuries and illness across all the competitive cycling disciplines, including track cycling, mountain biking, road cycling, time trial, cyclocross, gravel cycling, BMX freestyle, BMX racing, e-sport, para-cycling and artistic cycling
Authors: Fallon Thomas , Heron Neil
Published: January 2024

Introduction
The sport of cycling has witnessed phenomenal growth over the past decade. Globally, over 200 million television hours across five continents watched the recent inaugural World Championships in Glasgow, in 2023. The Union Cycliste Internationale (UCI), the world cycling governing body, has highlighted its mission to “promote and support research in cycling epidemiology and medicine, especially for the benefit of lesser-known disciplines” within its 2030 Agenda. This systematic review aims to comprehensively analyse and synthesize the existing literature about cycling-related injuries and illness across all competitive disciplines.
Methods
The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) guidelines will be followed through each stage of this systematic review. Cycling is an umbrella term used for many individual disciplines. Investigation of all types of injuries and/or illnesses sustained during training and/or competition among competitive athletes across all disciplines will be included in this review. A computerised, systematic literature search will be conducted in electronic databases MEDLINE, Scopus, Embase, and Cochrane Library. Independent screening by two reviewers in a two-step process: title/abstract screening followed by full-text review. The reference lists of included articles will be searched to identify any other potentially relevant articles. Narrative synthesis as well as tabular/charted presentation of the extracted data will be included.
Discussion
This will be the first systematic review of injuries and illness across all the cycling disciplines and will aim to present the known prevalence, incidences, locations and burden of injury and illness across the sport of cycling.
Ethics and dissemination
This paper outlines a protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis. Since it does not involve human participants, ethical approval is not necessary. The intention is to disseminate the findings through a peer-reviewed journal and present them at a conference as well as meetings with key stakeholders, including cyclists themselves.
Trial registration
This study has been registered with the PROSPERO International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (registration number CRD42024502703)
Analysis on the industrial changes in quasi-industrial areas of Seoul : Focusing on ITA (industry target analysis) analysis
Authors:   Korea Urban & Real Estate Association, Kwon Young-Phil , Nam Jin
Published: January 2024

This study is to thoroughly analyze industrial structural changes in quasi-industrial areas and identify their characteristics after the establishment of a comprehensive development plan for quasi-industrial areas. Amid the continuously changing industrial structure of Seoul, understanding the uniqueness and characteristics of industrial structural changes, in the quasi-industrial areas of Seoul, are of great importance. ITA analysis has been used to investigate the changes in the industrial structure of the quasi-industrial areas. Through ITA analysis, sectors of industry that are changing in each spatial unit were thoroughly identified and their characteristics were analyzed to draw policy implications.
Comparing Residential Mobility Patterns and Factors of Households with Children in Elementary School or Younger with Those in Middle and High School
Authors:   Korea Urban & Real Estate Association, Park Hwan Su , Cho Kang Hyun , Lee Jae-Su
Published: January 2024

Recently, as education investment increases along with interest in children's education due to the low birth rate, not only the commuting conditions of couples but also the educational environment of children are comprehensively considered when moving to housing. It is necessary to analyze where, how much, and why the household moves by dividing the households of children in Korea with high enthusiasm for education into elementary and middle and high schools. In particular, Korean households under elementary school and middle and high school children are interested in home ownership and residential environment when moving to housing, but the educational environment is also considered a factor that cannot be ignored. Many of the children's households, which also account for a significant portion of housing consumption, live in the metropolitan area with a good educational environment and travel conditions to work. This study is considered an opportunity to understand residential movement patterns and movement factors that reflect Korea's unique characteristics that place importance on the educational environment.
A Study on the Development Model of District Level Caravan Friendly Camping Complex
Authors:   Korea Urban & Real Estate Association, Kim Young-Hoon , Park Tae-Won
Published: January 2024

In order to derive the purpose of this study, the final 42 pre-friendly car camping complexes, and the final 42 preference of tourism development experts, and 5 trainees, and five camping experts.Details were realized by seven detailed items, structuralization of the research model for the development criteria for development criteria for development criteria for development standards. The evaluation of the structured final research model, five-year-old private development experts group 5 people in public sector, and the total of 15 individual groups, and Carban camping were conducted. The hierarchical analysis method is important to derive the difference between Carref-friendly car camping site complexity (01.10), and location conditions (08.08.88) is important. The 3rd ranking details may show that land expansion (04.0501) and distinctive concept (0.05), and the distinctive concept (0.050), and distinctive specialized concept (050) and discrimination.It is judged that the cooperative share (010) or local circumferential surface, it is judged that there is difficulty in terms of practical applications, but it is judged that there is difficulty in terms of real applications.
Benchmarking quantized LLaMa-based models on the Brazilian Secondary School Exam
Authors: Santos Matheus , Campelo Cláudio
Published: January 2024

Although Large Language Models (LLMs) represent a revolution in the way we interact with computers, allowing the construction of complex questions and the ability to reason over a sequence of statements, their use is restricted due to the need for dedicated hardware for execution. In this study, we evaluate the performance of LLMs based on the 7 and 13 billion LLaMA models, subjected to a quantization process and run on home hardware. The models considered were Alpaca, Koala, and Vicuna. To evaluate the effectiveness of these models, we developed a database containing 1,006 questions from the ENEM (Brazilian National Secondary School Exam). Our analysis revealed that the best performing models achieved an accuracy of approximately 46% for the original texts of the Portuguese questions and 49% on their English translations. In addition, we evaluated the computational efficiency of the models by measuring the time required for execution. On average, the 7 and 13 billion LLMs took approximately 20 and 50 seconds, respectively, to process the queries on a machine equipped with an AMD Ryzen 5 3600x processor.
La Haute Cour en France
Authors:   European Constitutional Law Association, JEON Hakseon
Published: January 2024

La Haute Cour est l’unique juridiction pouvant juger le président de la République “en cas de manquement à ses devoirs incompatible avec l'exercice de son mandat”. C'est le Parlement réuni en Haute Cour qui est appelé à prononcer la destitution du président de la République.
La Haute Cour est issue de la révision constitutionnelle du 23 février 2007.
La Haute Cour constitue une instance de nature plus politique que judiciaire. Son rôle est défini par l’article 68 de la Constitution et précisé par la loi organique du 24 novembre 2014.
En 2007, une révision constitutionnelle prévoit que le président de la République ne peut être destitué qu’en cas de manquement à ses devoirs manifestement incompatible avec l’exercice de son mandat. La destitution est prononcée par le Parlement constitué en Haute Cour. Celle-ci est présidée par le président de l’Assemblée nationale. Le Bureau de la Haute Cour est composé de vingt-deux membres désignés, en leur sein et en nombre égal, par le bureau de l’Assemblée nationale et par celui du Sénat. Il a pour but de préparer les travaux de la Haute Cour.
La loi organique, promulguée en 2014, prévoit que la mise en accusation est initiée par une résolution votée à la majorité des deux tiers14 par chacune des deux assemblées. La commission d’instruction(comprenant six vice-présidents de l’Assemblée nationale et de six vice-présidents du Sénat) est chargée de recueillir toute information nécessaire. Elle dispose des prérogatives reconnues aux commissions d’enquête parlementaires. Elle élabore un rapport qui est distribué aux membres de la Haute Cour, communiqué au président de la République et au Premier ministre et rendu public. La Haute Cour est ensuite réunie, et statue sur la destitution dans un délai d’un mois. Les débats sont publics. Le Président de la République est démis de ses fonctions si la Haute Cour vote sa destitution à la majorité des deux tiers.
Decadal mapping of flood inundation and damage assessment in the confluence region of Rivers Niger and Benue using multi-sensor data and Google Earth Engine
Authors: Odiji Caleb , James Godstime , Oyewumi Ademuyiwa , Karau Shomboro , Odia Belinda , Idris Halima , Aderoju Olaide , Taminu Abubakar
Published: January 2024

Climate change has made weather patterns more extreme, causing floods in Nigeria. Flooding is the most frequent and serious natural hazard in the confluence region of Rivers Niger and Benue, impacting lives, agriculture, and socio-economic activities significantly. Advancements in satellite technology and computational capabilities have enhanced rapid information about flood extent for monitoring, mitigation, and planning. However, there is a dearth of information based on time series analysis of flood inundation and monitoring in the confluence region. In this study, Sentinel-1 Synthetic Aperture Radar, Sentinel-2, and Landsat-7 and Landsat-8 data were used to extract flood inundation for 10 years (2012–2022) in the confluence region of Rivers Niger and Benue. Flood extent/surface waterbodies were extracted using the Google Earth Engine platform, modified normalized difference water index, and normalized difference water index methods. The findings revealed that within 10 years, four significant flooding incidents occurred in 2012, 2018, 2020, and 2022, inundating 60.57, 48.24, 39.98, and 84.39 km2 of the area, respectively. The study underscores the need for the establishment of a decision support system for monitoring flood inundation and providing decision-makers necessary information for flood disaster preparedness, mitigation, and adaptation.
Biochar mitigates the adverse effects of antimony on methanogenic activity: role as methane production-enhancer
Authors: Valenzuela-Cantú Ana K. , Atilano-Camino Marina M. , Cervantes Francisco J. , Pat Espadas Aurora M.
Published: January 2024

Antimony, extensively used in energy applications, poses toxicity and contamination concerns, especially in anaerobic environments where its impact on microbial activity is poorly understood. Emerging remedies, like biochar, show promise in soil and water treatment. This study investigates biochar's influence on methanogenic activity under Sb(V) and Sb(III) stress using anaerobic sludge as inoculum and lactate as the carbon source. Sb(III) and Sb(V) were introduced at varied concentrations (5–80 mg/L), with or without biochar, monitoring changes in biogas production, pH, Sb, and lactate levels over time. Experiments with Sb(V) also involved calculating mass balance and electron distribution. Results showcased the following significant enhancements: biochar notably improved COD removal and biogas production in Sb(III) spiked conditions, up to 5-fold and 2-fold increases, respectively. Sb(III) removal reached up to 99% with biochar, while in high Sb(V) concentrations, biochar reduced the adverse effect on biogas production by 96%. Adsorption capacities favored biomass (60.96 mg Sb(III)/gVSS, and 22.4 mg Sb(V)/gVSS) over biochar (3.33 mg Sb(III)/g, and 1.61 mg Sb(V)/g) for both Sb species. This study underscores biochar's potential to mitigate metalloid impact on methanogenic activity while aiding Sb removal from liquid phase, suggesting promising implications for remediation and methane production enhancement strategies.
inteligência artificial e o desenvolvimento neuropsicológico de crianças e adolescentes
Authors: Alves de Araujo Ceres
Published: January 2024

Tem-se afirmado que o uso da inteligência artificial (IA) pode proporcionar um ambiente mais estimulante para crianças e adolescentes, considerando principalmente a facilidade de acesso a um grande volume de informações, o aprendizado personalizado e a possibilidade de adaptação de conteúdos a necessidades individuais. Porém, é importante discutir as influências do uso de tecnologias de IA no desenvolvimento das funções neuronais desde uma idade muito precoce. Os padrões do desenvolvimento psicológico estão sofrendo mudanças estruturais que, sem dúvida, repercutirão na psique de mulheres e homens do futuro. A IA generativa, como o ChatGPT, surge em uma época em que há muito tempo se questiona o empobrecimento da vida psíquica, pelo excesso do uso de telas. Sabe-se que o cérebro é dependente do uso, assim, a impregnação das telas na infância, a amplificação de seu uso na pré-adolescência e a submersão nelas na adolescência caracterizam o vício digital, que poderá perturbar o desenvolvimento das redes neuronais; minar a inteligência; comprometer o desenvolvimento da capacidade para a reflexão e para o pensamento simbólico; prejudicar as condutas interativas e sociais; e danificar a saúde, favorecendo distúrbios do sono e a obesidade. Para Jung, a tecnologia em si é neutra: a existência ou não de dano à psique do ser humano dependeria, portanto, de seu uso. O cérebro acoplado à IA amplificará o desenvolvimento humano. Será que, da mesma forma, a mudança na estruturação das redes neurais levará a mudanças na cognição, no afeto, na emoção e na ética humana?
How do Water Companies Address Environmental Indicators in their ESG Reports?
Authors: Sperone Edoardo , Deweerdt Tom
Published: January 2024

As climate change is becoming an increasingly crucial issue, it has become critical for firms to report on their Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) aspects. In particular, this research analyzes how environmental indicators are dealt with and reported on. In the case study examined, namely the company American Water Works, GHG emissions and water management were the most important issues to the stakeholders according to the materiality assessment. It was found that the firm has significantly reduced its GHG emissions, and it is on track to meet its target of 40% reduction by 2025. This was achieved mostly through corporate power purchase agreements, although the Sustainability Report focuses on improvements to the energy efficiency of infrastructure. This underscores the possibility that companies represent ESG data in ways that are convenient to guarantee a more sustainable image in the long term, at the cost of a complete portrayal of their ESG practices. Moreover, Scope 3 emissions are not verified through a third party, which is key to ensuring the rigor and transparency of carbon emissions, and no Net Zero emissions target is mentioned in such report. For what regards water management, the Sustainability Report contains the target of reducing water per customer by 15% by 2035. Nevertheless, the report lacks a mention of Net Zero groundwater abstraction and a leakage reduction target.
How to Identify e-Cigarette Brands Available in the United States During 2020-2022: Development and Usability Study
Authors: Ma Shaoying , Kaareen Aadeeba , Park Hojin , He Yanyun , Jiang Shuning , Qiu Zefeng , Xie Zidian , Li Dongmei , Chen Jian , O’Connor Richard J , Fong Geoffrey T , Shang Ce
Published: January 2024

Background

Prior studies have demonstrated that the e-cigarette market contains a large number of brands. Identifying these existing e-cigarette brands is a key element of market surveillance, which will further assist in policy making and compliance checks.

Objective

To facilitate the surveillance of the diverse product landscape in the e-cigarette market, we constructed a semantic database of e-cigarette brands that have appeared in the US market as of 2020-2022.

Methods

In order to build the brand database, we searched and compiled e-cigarette brands from a comprehensive list of retail channels and sources, including (1) e-liquid and disposable brands sold in web-based stores, (2) e-cigarette brands sold in brick-and-mortar stores and collected by the Nielsen Retail Scanner Data, (3) e-cigarette brands compiled by Wikipedia, (4) self-reported e-cigarette brands from the 2020 International Tobacco Control Four-Country Smoking and Vaping (ITC 4CV) US survey, and (5) e-cigarette brands on Twitter. We also estimated the top 5 e-cigarette brands by sales volume in brick-and-mortar stores, by the frequency and variety of offerings in web-based shops, and by the frequency of self-reported brands from the 2020 ITC 4CV US survey.

Results

As of 2020-2022, a total of 912 e-cigarette brands have been sold by various retail channels. During 2020-2022, the top 5 brands are JUUL, vuse, njoy, blu, and logic in brick-and-mortar stores; blu, king, monster, twist, and air factory for e-liquids in web-based stores; hyde, pod mesh, suorin, vaporlax, and xtra for disposables sold in web-based stores; and smok, aspire, vaporesso, innokin, and eleaf based on self-reported survey data.

Conclusions

As the US Food and Drug Administration enforces the premarket tobacco market authorization, many e-cigarette brands may become illegal in the US market. In this context, how e-cigarette brands evolve and consolidate in different retail channels will be critical for understanding the regulatory impacts on product availability. Our semantic database of e-cigarette brands can serve as a useful tool to monitor product and marketplace development, conduct compliance checks, assess manufacturers’ marketing behaviors, and identify regulatory impacts.
Identifying and Validating Alcohol Diagnostics for Injury-Related Trauma in South Africa: Protocol for a Mixed Methods Study
Authors: Petersen Williams Petal , Prinsloo Megan , Peden Margaret M , Neethling Ian , Mhlongo Shibe , Maqungo Sithombo , Parry Charles , Matzopoulos Richard
Published: January 2024

Background

The burden of alcohol use among patients with trauma and the relative injury risks is not routinely measured in South Africa. Given the prominent burden of alcohol on hospital trauma departments, South Africa needs practical, cost-effective, and accurate alcohol diagnostic tools for testing, surveillance, and clinical management of patients with trauma.

Objective

This study aims to validate alcohol diagnostics for injury-related trauma and assess its use for improving national health practice and policy.

Methods

The Alcohol Diagnostic Validation for Injury-Related Trauma study will use mixed methods across 3 work packages. Five web-based focus group discussions will be conducted with 6 to 8 key stakeholders, each across 4 areas of expertise (clinical, academic, policy, and operational) to determine the type of alcohol information that will be useful for different stakeholders in the injury prevention and health care sectors. We will then conduct a small pilot study followed by a validation study of alcohol diagnostic tools (clinical assessment, breath analysis, and fingerprick blood) against enzyme immunoassay blood concentration analysis in a tertiary hospital trauma setting with 1000 patients. Finally, selected alcohol diagnostic tools will be tested in a district hospital setting with a further 1000 patients alongside community-based participatory research on the use of the selected tools.

Results

Pilot data are being collected, and the protocol will be modified based on the results.

Conclusions

Through this project, we hope to identify and validate the most appropriate methods of diagnosing alcohol-related injury and violence in a clinical setting. The findings from this study are likely to be highly relevant and could influence our primary beneficiaries—policy makers and senior health clinicians—to adopt new practices and policies around alcohol testing in injured patients. The findings will be disseminated to relevant national and provincial government departments, policy experts, and clinicians. Additionally, we will engage in media advocacy and with our stakeholders, including community representatives, work through several nonprofit partners to reach civil society organizations and share findings. In addition, we will publish findings in scientific journals.

International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)

DERR1-10.2196/52949
Using a Natural Language Processing Approach to Support Rapid Knowledge Acquisition
Authors: Koonce Taneya Y , Giuse Dario A , Williams Annette M , Blasingame Mallory N , Krump Poppy A , Su Jing , Giuse Nunzia B
Published: January 2024

Implementing artificial intelligence to extract insights from large, real-world clinical data sets can supplement and enhance knowledge management efforts for health sciences research and clinical care. At Vanderbilt University Medical Center (VUMC), the in-house developed Word Cloud natural language processing system extracts coded concepts from patient records in VUMC’s electronic health record repository using the Unified Medical Language System terminology. Through this process, the Word Cloud extracts the most prominent concepts found in the clinical documentation of a specific patient or population. The Word Cloud provides added value for clinical care decision-making and research. This viewpoint paper describes a use case for how the VUMC Center for Knowledge Management leverages the condition-disease associations represented by the Word Cloud to aid in the knowledge generation needed to inform the interpretation of phenome-wide association studies.