bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Applying T-classifier, binary classifiers, upon high-throughput TCR sequencing output to identify cytomegalovirus exposure history
Authors: Zhou Kaiyue , Huo Jiaxin , Gao Caixia , Wang Xu , Xu Pengfei , Hou Jiahuan , Guo Wenying , Sun Tao , Da Lin
Published: March 2023

With the continuous development of information technology and the running speed of computers, the development of informatization has led to the generation of increasingly more medical data. Solving unmet needs such as employing the constantly developing artificial intelligence technology to medical data and providing support for the medical industry is a hot research topic. Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is a kind of virus that exists widely in nature with strict species specificity, and the infection rate among Chinese adults is more than 95%. Therefore, the detection of CMV is of great importance since the vast majority of infected patients are in a state of invisible infection after the infection, except for a few patients with clinical symptoms. In this study, we present a new method to detect CMV infection status by analyzing high-throughput sequencing results of T cell receptor beta chains (TCRβ). Based on the high-throughput sequencing data of 640 subjects from cohort 1, Fisher’s exact test was performed to evaluate the relationship between TCRβ sequences and CMV status. Furthermore, the number of subjects with these correlated sequences to different degrees in cohort 1 and cohort 2 were measured to build binary classifier models to identify whether the subject was CMV positive or negative. We select four binary classification algorithms: logistic regression (LR), support vector machine (SVM), random forest (RF), and linear discriminant analysis (LDA) for side-by-side comparison. According to the performance of different algorithms corresponding to different thresholds, four optimal binary classification algorithm models are obtained. The logistic regression algorithm performs best when Fisher's exact test threshold is 10−5, and the sensitivity and specificity are 87.5% and 96.88%, respectively. The RF algorithm performs better at the threshold of 10−5, with a sensitivity of 87.5% and a specificity of 90.63%. The SVM algorithm also achieves high accuracy at the threshold value of 10−5, with a sensitivity of 85.42% and specificity of 96.88%. The LDA algorithm achieves high accuracy with 95.83% sensitivity and 90.63% specificity when the threshold value is 10−4. This is probably because the two-dimensional distribution of CMV data samples is linearly separable, and linear division models such as LDA are more effective, while the division effect of nonlinear separable algorithms such as random forest is relatively inaccurate. This new finding may be a potential diagnostic method for CMV and may even be applicable to other viruses, such as the infectious history detection of the new coronavirus.
Graphene nanoparticles as data generating digital materials in industry 4.0
Authors: Ali Muhammad A. , Irfan Muhammad S. , Khan Tayyab , Khalid Muhammad Y. , Umer Rehan
Published: March 2023

One of the potential applications of 2D materials is to enhance multi-functionality of structures and components used in aerospace, automotive, civil and defense industries. These multi-functional attributes include sensing, energy storage, EMI shielding and property enhancement. In this article, we have explored the potential of using graphene and its variants as data generating sensory elements in Industry 4.0. We have presented a complete roadmap to cover three emerging technologies i.e. advance materials, artificial intelligence and block-chain technology. The utility of 2D materials such as graphene nanoparticles is yet to be explored as an interface for digitalization of a modern smart factory i.e. “factory-of-the-future”. In this article, we have explored how 2D material enhanced composites can act as an interface between physical and cyber spaces. An overview of employing graphene-based smart embedded sensors at various stages of composites manufacturing processes and their application in real-time structural health monitoring is presented. The technical challenges associated with interfacing graphene-based sensing networks with digital space are discussed. Additionally, an overview of the integration of associated tools such as artificial intelligence, machine learning and block-chain technology with graphene-based devices and structures is also presented.
Face masks negatively skew theory of mind judgements
Authors: Leos-Mendoza Héctor , Gold Ian , Pérez-Gay Juárez Fernanda
Published: March 2023

Face masks obscure a significant portion of the face, reducing the amount of information available to gauge the mental states of others—that is, to exercise the Theory of Mind (ToM) capacity. In three experiments, we assessed the effect of face masks on ToM judgements, measuring recognition accuracy, perceived valence, and perceived arousal in various sets of facial expressions comprising 45 different mental states. Significant effects of face masks were found in all three variables. Judgements of all expressions are less accurate when masked, but, while judgements of negative expressions do not show consistent changes in valence or arousal, positive expressions are perceived to be less positive and less intense. In addition, we identified face muscles associated with changes in perceived valence and arousal, shedding light on the mechanisms through which masks impact ToM judgements, which might be relevant for mitigation strategies. We discuss the implications of these findings in the context of the recent pandemic.
Developmental enamel defects and their relationship with caries in adolescents aged 18 years
Authors: Olczak-Kowalczyk Dorota , Krämer Norbert , Gozdowski Dariusz , Turska-Szybka Anna
Published: March 2023

Randomly selected 1,611 individuals aged 18 years formed a nationally representative sample from all provinces of Poland. Developmental defects of the enamel (DDE) and caries were assessed using the modified DDE index, molar incisor hypomineralisation (MIH) Treatment Need Index (MIH-TNI), FDI and WHO criteria by 22 trained and calibrated dentists. T-test was used for comparing group means. A simple and multiple logistic regression tests were used to assess the relationship between DDE and caries severity expressed as DMFT (p < 0.05). The prevalence of DDE was 13.7%. Demarcated opacities (DEO) were the most frequent (9.65%); 4% had diffuse opacities (DIO) and 1.5% had hypoplasia. MIH was diagnosed in 0.6% patients. The prevalence of caries was 93.2%, with mean DMFT of 6.50 ± 4.22. The DMFT value was 7.52 ± 4.77 in the group of patients with demarcated opacities (DEO); 7.85 ± 4.74 with diffuse opacities (DIO) and 7.56 ± 4.57 with enamel hypoplasia, respectively. There was a significant relationship between caries severity and DDE (p < 0.001), DEO (p = 0.001) and DIO (p = 0.038), and between DDE and DMFT index (p < 0.001). The results obtained in the study proved the significant relationship between DDE and DMFT in 18-year-olds, the assessment of which was the aim of the study.
Investigation of optimal gestational weight gain for twin pregnancy in Southwest China: a retrospective study
Authors: Gao Li , Lei Cuirong , Zhou Shuwei , Liao Qianqian , Mei Lingwei , Zhong Qimei , Lan Xia , Chen Ya , Wang Lan
Published: March 2023

There is a lack of data on gestational weight gain (GWG) in twin pregnancies. We divided all the participants into two subgroups: the optimal outcome subgroup and the adverse outcome subgroup. They were also stratified according to prepregnancy body mass index (BMI): underweight (< 18.5 kg/m2), normal weight (18.5–23.9 kg/m2), overweight (24–27.9 kg/m2), and obese (≥ 28 kg/m2). We used 2 steps to confirm the optimal range of GWG. The first step was proposing the optimal range of GWG using a statistical-based method (the interquartile range of GWG in the optimal outcome subgroup). The second step was confirming the proposed optimal range of GWG via compared the incidence of pregnancy complications in groups below or above the optimal GWG and analyzed the relationship between weekly GWG and pregnancy complications to validated the rationality of optimal weekly GWG through logistic regression. The optimal GWG calculated in our study was lower than that recommended by the Institute of Medicine. Except for the obese group, in the other 3 BMI groups, the overall disease incidence within the recommendation was lower than that outside the recommendation. Insufficient weekly GWG increased the risk of gestational diabetes mellitus, premature rupture of membranes, preterm birth and fetal growth restriction. Excessive weekly GWG increased the risk of gestational hypertension and preeclampsia. The association varied with prepregnancy BMI. In conclusion, we provide preliminary Chinese GWG optimal range which derived from twin-pregnant women with optimal outcomes(16–21.5 kg for underweight, 15–21.1 kg for normal weight, 13–20 kg for overweight), except for obesity, due to the limited sample size.
Arabic gum ameliorates systemic modulation in Alloxan monohydrate-induced diabetic rats
Authors: Ibrahim Rasha Mohammed , Abdelhafez Hemmat Mansour , EL-Shamy Sawsan Abd EL-Maksoud , Eid Fatma Ahmed , Mashaal Alya
Published: March 2023

Medicinal plants are considered an alternative therapy for diabetes mellitus as they regulate glucose levels. Moreover, a variety of plants offer a rich source of bioactive compounds that have potent pharmacological effects without any negative side effects. The present study aimed to clarify the effects of Arabic gum/Gum Acacia (GA) on the biochemical, histopathological, and immunohistochemical changes observed in diabetic rats. Further, the anti-inflammatory activity of GA in response to diabetes, through inflammatory mediators analysis. Male rats were divided into four groups: untreated control, diabetic, Arabic gum-treated, and Arabic gum-treated diabetic rats. Diabetes was induced using alloxan. Animals were sacrificed after 7 and 21 days of treatment with Arabic gum. Body weight, blood and pancreas tissue samples were collected for analysis. Alloxan injection significantly decreased body weight, increased glucose levels, decreased insulin levels, and caused depletion of islets of Langerhans and β-cell damage in the pancreas. Arabic gum treatment of diabetic rats significantly increased body weight, decreased serum glucose levels, increased insulin levels, exerts anti-inflammatory effect, and improved the pancreas tissue structure. Arabic gum has beneficial pharmacological effects in diabetic rats; therefore, it might be employed as diabetic therapy to reduce the hyperglycemic damage and may be applicable for many autoimmune and inflammatory diseases treatment. Further, the new bioactive substances, such as medications made from plants, have larger safety margins, and can be used for a longer period of time.
Photonic sintering of copper for rapid processing of thick film conducting circuits on FTO coated glass
Authors: Abbas Bahaa , Jewell Eifion , Lau Yin Cheung , Searle Justin , Claypole Tim
Published: March 2023

Copper potentially provides a cost-effective replacement for silver in printed electronic circuitry with diverse applications in healthcare, solar energy, IOT devices and automotive applications. The primary challenge facing copper is that it readily oxidizes to its non-conductive state during the sintering process. Photonic sintering offers a means of overcoming the oxidation by which rapid conversion from discrete nano-micro particles to fully or partially sintered products occurs. An experimental study of flash lamp sintering of mixed nano copper and mixed nano/ micro copper thick film screen printed structures on FTO coated glass was carried out. It shows that there may be multiple energy windows which can successfully sinter the thick film copper print preventing detrimental copper oxidation. Under optimum conditions, the conductivities achieved in under 1 s was (3.11–4.3 × 10–7 Ω m) matched those achieved in 90 min at 250 °C under reducing gas conditions, offering a significant improvement in productivity and reduced energy demand. Also present a good film stability of a 14% increase in line resistance of 100 N material, around 10% for the 50N50M ink and only around 2% for the 20N80M.
Facile assembly of flexible quaternary SnO2/SrSnO3/Fe3O4/PVDF nanocomposites with tunable optical, electrical, and magnetic properties for promising magneto-optoelectronic applications
Authors: Ismail A. M. , El Desouky Fawzy G.
Published: March 2023

Facile assembly, co-precipitation, and drop casting procedures have been used to construct SnO2/SrSnO3/Fe3O4/PVDF flexible nanocomposites. SnO2/SrSnO3/Fe3O4 nanocomposites (TSF NCs') have been successfully incorporated into polyvinylidene fluoride polymers (PF), according to the microstructural exploration of the systems, which was revealed by XRD, EDX, and ATR-FTIR analysis. The FESEM and cross-section areas demonstrated that the addition of TSF NCs' to PF porous material enhanced its surface characteristics and decreased its surface roughness. The optical gap was lowered from 3.90 to 3.07 eV, and it was discovered that both the refractive index and optical conductivity had improved when TSF NCs' were incorporated into PF. According to the observations, the supplement ratios have a profound influence on the dielectric properties of the nanocomposites. Moreover, the electrical parameters of TSF/PF nanocomposite are significantly modified. The TSF/PF magnetic nanocomposite has good magnetic reactivity and can be easily extracted from the aqueous solution using an external magnetic field, as demonstrated by VSM. This research has been conducted to obtain TSF/PF nanocomposites to be used in promising magno-optoelectronic applications.
Black coral forests enhance taxonomic and functional distinctiveness of mesophotic fishes in an oceanic island: implications for biodiversity conservation
Authors: Bosch Nestor E. , Espino Fernando , Tuya Fernando , Haroun Ricardo , Bramanti Lorenzo , Otero-Ferrer Francisco
Published: March 2023

The degradation of shallow ecosystems has called for efforts to understand the biodiversity and functioning of Mesophotic Ecosystems. However, most empirical studies have been restricted to tropical regions and have majorly focused on taxonomic entities (i.e., species), neglecting important dimensions of biodiversity that influence community assembly and ecosystem functioning. Here, using a subtropical oceanic island in the eastern Atlantic Ocean (Lanzarote, Canary Islands), we investigated variation in (a) alpha and (b) beta functional (i.e., trait) diversity across a depth gradient (0–70 m), as a function of the presence of black coral forests (BCFs, order Antipatharian) in the mesophotic strata, a vulnerable but often overlooked ‘ecosystem engineer’ in regional biodiversity. Despite occupying a similar volume of the functional space (i.e., functional richness) than shallow (< 30 m) reefs, mesophotic fish assemblages inhabiting BCFs differed in their functional structure when accounting for species abundances, with lower evenness and divergence. Similarly, although mesophotic BCFs shared, on average, 90% of the functional entities with shallow reefs, the identity of common and dominant taxonomic and functional entities shifted. Our results suggest BCFs promoted the specialization of reef fishes, likely linked to convergence towards optimal traits to maximize the use of resources and space. Regional biodiversity planning should thus focus on developing specific management and conservation strategies for preserving the unique biodiversity and functionality of mesophotic BCFs.
Self-supervised attention-based deep learning for pan-cancer mutation prediction from histopathology
Authors: Saldanha Oliver Lester , Loeffler Chiara M. L. , Niehues Jan Moritz , van Treeck Marko , Seraphin Tobias P. , Hewitt Katherine Jane , Cifci Didem , Veldhuizen Gregory Patrick , Ramesh Siddhi , Pearson Alexander T. , Kather Jakob Nikolas
Published: March 2023

The histopathological phenotype of tumors reflects the underlying genetic makeup. Deep learning can predict genetic alterations from pathology slides, but it is unclear how well these predictions generalize to external datasets. We performed a systematic study on Deep-Learning-based prediction of genetic alterations from histology, using two large datasets of multiple tumor types. We show that an analysis pipeline that integrates self-supervised feature extraction and attention-based multiple instance learning achieves a robust predictability and generalizability.
Utilizing ferrocene for doping iron into graphitic carbon nitride (FeIII/g-C3N4): an internal dual photocatalyst for tandem oxidation/cyclization of toluene to benzimidazoles under visible light conditions
Authors: Bashiri Mohammad , Hosseini-Sarvari Mona , Gu Yanlong , Zheng Dengyue
Published: March 2023

An internal dual photocatalyst for tandem oxidation/cyclization of toluene to benzimidazoles under visible light conditions.
Sea cucumber sulfated polysaccharides and Lactobacillus gasseri synergistically ameliorate the overweight induced by altered gut microbiota in mice
Authors: Liu Zhengqi , Ai Chunqing , Lin Xinping , Guo Xiaoming , Song Shuang , Zhu Beiwei
Published: March 2023

Sulfated polysaccharides from sea cucumber Stichopus japonicus (SCSPsj) and Lactobacillus gasseri synergistically ameliorate the overweight in gut microbiota-altered mice through improving gut microbiota dysbiosis and metabolic disorders.
Plasma metabolomic signatures from patients following high-dose total body irradiation
Authors: Hong Xiedong , Tian Lang , Wu Qiong , Gu Liming , Wang Wenli , Wu Hanxu , Zhao Mingxiao , Wu Xiaojin , Wang Chang
Published: March 2023

The panel of metabolic markers with most potential is chosen and metabolic disorders are investigated in humans following high-dose irradiation based on plasma metabolomics study.
Achieving adjustable digital-to-analog conversion in memristors with embedded Cs2AgSbBr6 nanoparticles
Authors: Wang Yuchan , Xu Nannan , Yuan Yiming , Zhang Wenxia , Huang Qiang , Tang Xiaosheng , Qi Fei
Published: March 2023

The digital-to-analog conversion of the memristor is realized by adjusting the embedding concentration of Cs2AgSbBr6 nanoparticles.
Settling velocity variation induced by a sphere moving across a two-layer stratified fluid with different rheological characteristics
Authors: Pan Jinghan , Tu Chengxu , Kan Mengwen , Shan Jiaming , Bao Fubing , Lin Jianzhong
Published: March 2023

Particle settling in stratified fluids is widespread in chemical and pharmaceutical processes, and how to effectively regulate the particle velocity is the key to optimizing the above process technology.
Self-powered ionic tactile sensors
Authors: Saha Kundan , Chatterjee Arka , Das Avijit , Ghorai Arup , Jeong Unyong
Published: March 2023

Tremendous efforts have been devoted to wearable mechanical sensors to meet growing needs in healthcare sensors and electronic skins.
PolySMart: a general coarse-grained molecular dynamics polymerization scheme
Authors: Mousavifard Seyyed Mohammad , Ghermezcheshme Hassan , Mirzaalipour Alireza , Mohseni Mohsen , de With Gijsbertus , Makki Hesam
Published: March 2023

PolySMart enables modeling of real-size (linear, branched and network) polymers through mimicking a great variety of chemistry. It unlocks simulation of co-occurring polymerization reactions under non-stoichiometric conditions.
Tuning magnetocrystalline anisotropy by controlling the orbital electronic configuration of two-dimensional magnetic materials
Authors: Guan Xiaoxiao , Zhang Yun , Long Xia , Zhu Guo-Jun , Cao Juexian
Published: March 2023

The using of O atoms to modify metallophthalocyanine sheets effectively adjusts the orbital arrangement of the electronic configuration of d-orbitals in transition metals, thereby modulating the MAE of the structure.
Synthesis of polyisocyanurate prepolymer and the resulting flexible elastomers with tunable mechanical properties
Authors: Guo Yunfei , Kleemann Julian , Bokern Stefan , Kamm Andre , Sijbesma Rint P. , Tomović Željko
Published: March 2023

A liquid polyisocyanurate (PIR) containing isocyanate prepolymer was synthesized via co-cyclotrimerization of mono- and di-isocyanates and used for preparation of flexible elastomers with good thermal stability and tunable mechanical properties.
Boosting electrocatalytic water oxidation by vanadium–iron–nickel trimetal hydroxide catalysts through interphase ionic migration method
Authors: Zuo Wei , Xu Zhenhang , Hu Mengyu , Yu Yueying , Liu Jinyan , Cheng Gongzhen , Zhao Pingping
Published: March 2023

We report a VFeNi/VO(OH)2 catalyst with abundant oxygen vacancies. It can achieve advanced OER activity and ultra-high stability in a long electrocatalysis test.
Multistimuli-responsive behavior of a phosphorescent Cu3pyrazolate3complex for luminescent logic gates and encrypted information transformation
Authors: Tang Wen-Jing , Yang Hu , Peng Su-Kao , Xiao Ze-Miao , Huang Guo-Quan , Zheng Ji , Li Dan
Published: March 2023

In this work, we synthesized a Cu(i) cyclic trinuclear complex with multistimuli-responsive behavior and used it for luminescent logic gates and encrypted information transformation.
One-step embedding method for immobilized bifunctional and alkaline ionic liquids as effective catalysts applied in transesterification
Authors: Zhao Zhentao , Liu Mingyu , Wang Yuxin , Yan Zizhen , Xu Guangwen , Guo Jianjun , Shi Lei
Published: March 2023

[Emim]Im can not only work as an active component to enhance the transesterification reaction but can also promote the hydrolysis of TEOS to enhance mass transfer.
Efficient and continuous furfural hydrogenation to furfuryl alcohol in a micropacked bed reactor
Authors: Duan Lian , Huang Mengmeng , Peng Zipin , Sang Le , Zhang Jisong
Published: March 2023

In this work, continuous furfural hydrogenation to furfuryl alcohol in micropacked bed reactors (μPBRs) is investigated.
Aerobic epoxidation of β-ionone in water under mild conditions using aldehydes as catalyst precursors
Authors: Zhang Xu , Wei Zijie , Yu Lei
Published: March 2023

Aldehydes were employed as catalyst precursors for the epoxidation reaction of β-ionone to produce 5,6-epoxy-β-ionone in as high as 83% yield. Notably, the reaction occurred in water and O2was employed as the mild, cheap and safe oxidant.
Establishing a delicate balance in the relationship between artificial intelligence and authentic assessment in student learning
Authors: Lawrie Gwendolyn
Published: March 2023

Across the past few decades, a gamut of technologies has emerged and been adopted as part of enabling student learning. These technologies and digital tools have been explored in terms of their affordances and their limitations during implementation in teaching practices. Teachers have actively worked to balance how a technology serves as a vehicle for learning against the challenges that are introduced through its implementation. In recent years, due to our increased reliance on digital tools and online learning environments, our education communities have first railed against, and then rallied for, each appearance of a new website, tool or platform. Whilst initial reactions can be negative (such as that recently observed on the appearance of the artificial intelligence (AI) based chatbot tool ChatGPT), many teachers will progress towards adoption of technologies in their practices once the affordances have been teased out. In some ways, as an analogy, teaching practice could be considered as an equilibrium reaction responding to the pressures of change. In this Editorial, I recognise that teachers are adaptive and creative therefore research that evidences authentic practice using AI to support student learning will increase. In parallel, as a journal, we are facing new challenges relating to the role of AI in authorship and peer review, most publishers are grappling with establishing their position on any authorship that involves AI generated text.
Unsymmetric N-heterocyclic carbene ligand enabled nickel-catalysed arylation of bulky primary and secondary amines
Authors: Wang Zi-Chao , Li Yan-Yu , Zhang Shuo-Qing , Hong Xin , Shi Shi-Liang
Published: March 2023

A general and efficient Ni-catalysed arylation of bulky primary and secondary amines with aryl chlorides or phenol derivatives is described. DFT studies suggest that unsymmetric bulky and flexible NHC ligand is critical to promote this reaction.
Correlating nickel functionalities to selectivity for hydrogen peroxide electrosynthesis
Authors: Nosan Miha , Strmčnik Dušan , Brusko Vasiliy , Kirsanova Maria , Finšgar Matjaž , Dimiev Ayrat M. , Genorio Boštjan
Published: March 2023

Effect of nickel functionalities on the electrochemical efficiency of hydrogen peroxide production.
Predicting the Na+ ion transport properties of NaSICON materials using density functional theory and Kinetic Monte Carlo
Authors: Schuett Judith , Kuhn Antonia S. , Neitzel-Grieshammer Steffen
Published: March 2023

The efficiency of all-solid-state Na+ ion batteries crucially depends on the applied electrolyte, among which sodium super ionic conductors (NaSICONs) show high ionic conductivities.
Buried interface passivation strategies for high-performance perovskite solar cells
Authors: Wang Ya , Han Meidouxue , Wang Rongbo , Zhao Juntao , Zhang Jiawei , Ren Huizhi , Hou Guofu , Ding Yi , Zhao Ying , Zhang Xiaodan
Published: March 2023

In this review, the morphology, composition and microstructure of buried interface are discussed, and the effective passivation strategies and corresponding mechanisms are summarized systematically.
Theranostic inorganic–organic hybrid nanoparticles with a cocktail of chemotherapeutic and cytostatic drugs
Authors: Khorenko Mikhail , Pfeifer Juliana , Napp Joanna , Meschkov Anna , Alves Frauke , Schepers Ute , Feldmann Claus
Published: March 2023

Theranostic inorganic–organic hybrid nanoparticles (IOH-NPs) with a cocktail of chemotherapeutic and cytostatic drugs and outstanding drug loading (71–82% of total nanoparticle mass) are evaluated with different cell lines and tumor spheroids.
Amorphous carbon material of daily carbon ink: emerging applications in pressure, strain, and humidity sensors
Authors: Duan Zaihua , Yuan Zhen , Jiang Yadong , Yuan Liu , Tai Huiling
Published: March 2023

In this review, the state-of-the-art advances in amorphous carbon materials of the daily carbon ink for pressure, strain, and humidity sensors are presented and discussed.
Resolved stellar population properties of PHANGS-MUSE galaxies
Authors: Pessa I. , Schinnerer E. , Sanchez-Blazquez P. , Belfiore F. , Groves B. , Emsellem E. , Neumann J. , Leroy A. K. , Bigiel F. , Chevance M. , Dale D. A. , Glover S. C. O. , Grasha K. , Klessen R. S. , Kreckel K. , Kruijssen J. M. D. , Pinna F. , Querejeta M. , Rosolowsky E. , Williams T. G.
Published: March 2023

Analyzing resolved stellar populations across the disk of a galaxy can provide unique insights into how that galaxy assembled its stellar mass over its lifetime. Previous work at ∼1 kpc resolution has already revealed common features in the mass buildup (e.g., inside-out growth of galaxies). However, even at approximate kpc scales, the stellar populations are blurred between the different galactic morphological structures such as spiral arms, bars and bulges. Here we present a detailed analysis of the spatially resolved star formation histories (SFHs) of 19 PHANGS-MUSE galaxies, at a spatial resolution of ∼100 pc. We show that our sample of local galaxies exhibits predominantly negative radial gradients of stellar age and metallicity, consistent with previous findings, and a radial structure that is primarily consistent with local star formation, and indicative of inside-out formation. In barred galaxies, we find flatter metallicity gradients along the semi-major axis of the bar than along the semi-minor axis, as is expected from the radial mixing of material along the bar during infall. In general, the derived assembly histories of the galaxies in our sample tell a consistent story of inside-out growth, where low-mass galaxies assembled the majority of their stellar mass later in cosmic history than high-mass galaxies (also known as “downsizing”). We also show how stellar populations of different ages exhibit different kinematics. Specifically, we find that younger stellar populations have lower velocity dispersions than older stellar populations at similar galactocentric distances, which we interpret as an imprint of the progressive dynamical heating of stellar populations as they age. Finally, we explore how the time-averaged star formation rate evolves with time, and how it varies across galactic disks. This analysis reveals a wide variation of the SFHs of galaxy centers and additionally shows that structural features become less pronounced with age.
A Novel Transmission Network Planning Framework under the New Power System
Authors: Yan Chaochen , Tao Ye , Zhao Yu , Wang Jiaxing , Wang Yuqing , Zhu Jiang
Published: March 2023

With the continuous development and construction of the new power system, there would be a large number of renewable energy connected to the electric network in the future. And the uncertainty of renewable energy would have a greater impact on the power grid, such as excessively large investment and low utilization rate. In view of this, this paper fully considers the adjustable comprehensive resources of the power supply and the load side, and proposes a novel transmission network planning framework under the new power system. Further, from the aspects of economy and reliability, an evaluation system of novel transmission network planning framework is established. At last, taking a municipal 220 KV power grid as an example, the novel transmission network planning framework is applied, and the effectiveness of the proposed planning framework is verified.
The Effects of Quercetin on Apoptosis and Antioxidant Activity in a Renal Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury Animal Model
Authors: Bagheri Amin , Radman Ghazal , Aria Negar , Rezaei Fatemeh , Khajenouri Mohammad , Ghiabi Shamim , Bagheri Yasin
Published: March 2023

Renal ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) is considered as one of the most prevalent causes of acute kidney injury (AKI), which can happen in various clinical situations including hypovolemic shock, injury, thrombo-embolism, and after a kidney transplant. This paper aims to evaluate the reno-protective effects of Quercetin in induced ischemia/reperfusion injury by regulating apoptosis-related proteins, inflammatory cytokines, MMP-2, MMP-9, and nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer inactivated B cells (NF-kB) in rats. The male Wistar rats (n=32) were randomly divided into Sham, untreated IR, and Quercetin-treated IR (gavage and intraperitoneal). Quercetin was given orally and intraperitoneally one hour before inducing ischemia-reperfusion injury . After reperfusion, blood samples and kidneys were collected to assess renal function and inflammatory cytokines, apoptotic signaling proteins, and antioxidants. Urea, creatinine, and MDA levels improved in Quercetin-treated groups with different administration methods. In addition, the activities of other antioxidant in Quercetin-treated rats were higher than those in the IR group. Further, Quercetin inhibited NF-kB signaling, apoptosis-associated factors and produced matrix metalloproteinase protein in the kidneys of rats. Based on the findings, the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic effects of the Quercetin diminished renal ischemia-reperfusion injury in the rats significantly. It is suggested that a single dosage of Quercetin have a reno-protective impact in the case of renal I/R injury.
Synthesis of Calix[4]arene Appended Lactosylated G1 and Galacto­sylated G2 Generation Glycodendrimers using a ‘CuAAC’ Click Approach
Authors: Tiwari Vinod K. , Kumar Sunil , Yadav Mangal S. , Singh Sumit K. , Rajkhowa Sanchayita
Published: March 2023

A modular and highly reliable click approach is applied for the expeditious synthesis of lactose- and galactose-coated calixarene-cored G1 and G2 generation glycodendrimers, respectively. The developed calixarene glycodendrimers have been characterized by using extensive spectral analysis including NMR (1H and 13C), MS, IR, and SEC data.
Extracapsular Resection of Pituitary Adenomas: A Systematic Review
Authors: Seng Kenny S. , Malilay Oliver Ryan M.
Published: March 2023

There is considerable variation in the surgical techniques for transsphenoidal excision of pituitary tumors. Recently, an extracapsular method has been developed that involves using the tumor pseudocapsule as a dissection plane to increase the extent of resection. This review assessed the outcomes of this new approach as compared with standard transsphenoidal surgery. We searched the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) in the Cochrane Library, MEDLINE/PubMed, the US National Institutes of Health Ongoing Trials Register (ClinicalTrials.gov), the World Health Organization (WHO) International Clinical Trials Registry Platform (ICTRP; apps.who.int/trialsearch), and LILACS databases for relevant literature and checked reference lists of relevant articles. Randomized controlled trials and prospective and retrospective cohort studies comparing extracapsular and intracapsular resection of pituitary tumors were included in the review. Five cohort studies with 1,588 participants were included. Extracapsular resection was associated with a higher likelihood of complete excision (relative risk [RR] 1.31, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.01–1.70, p = 0.04) and endocrinologic remission (RR 1.26, 95% CI 1.03–1.54, p = 0.02). Because there was a significant risk of bias and substantial heterogeneity, the estimates of effect may not be robust. In patients with pituitary adenomas undergoing transsphenoidal excision, extracapsular resection may be associated with higher rates of complete excision and endocrinologic remission, but the evidence is not strong. Hence, randomized controlled trials to determine the magnitude of benefit and identify an improvement in progression-free or overall survival are warranted.
Pathology and Mineralogy of the Pneumoconioses
Authors: Hua Jeremy T. , Cool Carlyne D. , Green Francis H. Y.
Published: March 2023

Pneumoconioses represent the spectrum of lung diseases caused by inhalation of respirable particulate matter small enough (typically <5-µm diameter) to reach the terminal airways and alveoli. Pneumoconioses primarily occur in occupational settings where workers perform demanding and skilled manual labor including mining, construction, stone fabrication, farming, plumbing, electronics manufacturing, shipyards, and more. Most pneumoconioses develop after decades of exposure, though shorter latencies can occur from more intense particulate matter exposures. In this review, we summarize the industrial exposures, pathologic findings, and mineralogic features of various well-characterized pneumoconioses including silicosis, silicatosis, mixed-dust pneumoconiosis, coal workers' pneumoconiosis, asbestosis, chronic beryllium disease, aluminosis, hard metal pneumoconiosis, and some less severe pneumoconioses. We also review a general framework for the diagnostic work-up of pneumoconioses for pulmonologists including obtaining a detailed occupational and environmental exposure history. Many pneumoconioses are irreversible and develop due to excessive cumulative respirable dust inhalation. Accurate diagnosis permits interventions to minimize ongoing fibrogenic dust exposure. A consistent occupational exposure history coupled with typical chest imaging findings is usually sufficient to make a clinical diagnosis without the need for tissue sampling. Lung biopsy may be required when exposure history, imaging, and testing are inconsistent, there are unusual or new exposures, or there is a need to obtain tissue for another indication such as suspected malignancy. Close collaboration and information-sharing with the pathologist prior to biopsy is of great importance for diagnosis, as many occupational lung diseases are missed due to insufficient communication. The pathologist has a broad range of analytic techniques including bright-field microscopy, polarized light microscopy, and special histologic stains that may confirm the diagnosis. Advanced techniques for particle characterization such as scanning electron microscopy/energy dispersive spectroscopy may be available in some centers.
Microsporidia in HIV-Positive and HIV-Negative Pediatric Patients with Diarrhea at a Tertiary Care Hospital
Authors: Kumar Dinesh , Goel Varun , Meena Suneeta , Mathur Purva , Kabra Sushil Kumar , Lodha Rakesh , Singh Sarman
Published: March 2023

Background Human microsporidiosis presents as an important and rapidly emerging opportunistic infection. However, the exact burden of this infection especially in the pediatric population of Northern India remains unknown. In this study, we investigated the prevalence of microsporidia among human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive and HIV-negative pediatric patients who presented with diarrhea.

Methods A total of 263 children were recruited consisting of 98 HIV seropositive with diarrhea and 165 HIV seronegative but with diarrhea. Morning stool samples were collected and both direct and formol ether concentrated samples were examined for the presence of intestinal parasites. The modified acid-fast staining was done for coccidian parasites and trichrome stain for microsporidia detection. Further, the species were detected using a real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) targeting a conserved region of the small ribosomal subunit rRNA gene of Enterocytozoon bieneusi, Encephalitozoon hellem, Encephalitozoon intestinalis, and Encephalitozoon cuniculi.

Results Overall, one or more parasites were detected in 52.04% (51/98) of HIV seropositive and 53.33% (88/165) of seronegative children (p = 0.8391). However, coccidian parasites were detected in a significantly huge number of HIV seropositive children (21.43% [21/98]) as compared with HIV seronegative children (4.24% [7/165]). Microsporidial DNA could be detected in HIV seropositive with diarrhea children (17.35% [17/98]) by PCR. A significant correlation between low CD4 count (≤ 200/μL) and intestinal parasite positivity could be established.

Conclusion Microsporidia is a significant cause of diarrhea in HIV seropositive pediatric patients and should be kept in mind as one of the differential diagnoses in such patients.
Regulating Microvascular Free Flaps Reconstruction in “Schobinger Stage 4” Arteriovenous Malformations of Face
Authors: Balakrishnan Thalaivirithan Margabandu , Ilayakumar P. , Vijay Bhattiprolu , Christabel Prethee Martina , Prakash Divya , Elancheralathan K. , Narayanan Sritharan , Janardhanam Jaganmohan
Published: March 2023

Objectives Arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) are high-flow, aggressive lesions that cause systemic effects and may pose a risk to life. These lesions are difficult to treat as they have a tendency to recur aggressively after excision or embolization. So, it requires a regulating free flap with robust vascular flow averting the postexcisional ischemia-induced collateralization, parasitization, and recruitment of neovessels from the surrounding mesenchyme—a phenomenon precipitating and perpetuating the recurrence of AVM.

Materials and Methods Sixteen patients (12 males and 4 females) with AVMs Schobinger type 4 involving face were treated from March 2015 to March 2021 with various free flaps: three free rectus abdominis flaps, one free radial forearm flap, and twelve free anterolateral thigh flaps were used for reconstruction following the wide local excision of Schobinger type 4 facial AVM. The records of these patients were analyzed retrospectively. The average follow-up period was 18.5 months. The functional and aesthetic outcomes were analyzed with institutional assessment scores.

Results The average size of the flap harvested was 113.43 cm2. Fourteen patients (87.5%) had good-to-excellent score (p = 0.035) with institutional aesthetic and functional assessment system. The remaining two patients (12.5%) had only fair results. There was no recurrence (0%) in the free flap group versus 64% recurrence in the pedicled flap and skin grafting groups (p = 0.035).

Conclusion Free flaps with their robust and homogenized blood supply provide a good avenue for void filling and an excellent regulating effect in inhibiting any locoregional recurrences of AVMs
A 3D culture system for evaluating the combined effects of cisplatin and anti-fibrotic drugs on the growth and invasion of lung cancer cells co-cultured with fibroblasts
Authors: Pan Huei-Jyuan , Lee Chia-Wei , Wu Li-Yu , Hsu Heng-Hua , Tung Yi-Chung , Liao Wei-Yu , Lee Chau-Hwang
Published: March 2023

Fibrosis and fibroblast activation usually occur in the tissues surrounding a malignant tumor; therefore, anti-fibrotic drugs are used in addition to chemotherapy. A reliable technique for evaluating the combined effects of anti-fibrotic drugs and anticancer drugs would be beneficial for the development of an appropriate treatment strategy. In this study, we manufactured a three-dimensional (3D) co-culture system of fibroblasts and lung cancer cell spheroids in Matrigel supplemented with fibrin (fibrin/Matrigel) that simulated the tissue microenvironment around a solid tumor. We compared the efficacy of an anticancer drug (cisplatin) with or without pretreatments of two anti-fibrotic drugs, nintedanib and pirfenidone, on the growth and invasion of cancer cells co-cultured with fibroblasts. The results showed that the addition of nintedanib improved cisplatin's effects on suppressing the growth of cancer cell spheroids and the invasion of cancer cells. In contrast, pirfenidone did not enhance the anticancer activity of cisplatin. Nintedanib also showed higher efficacy than pirfenidone in reducing the expression of four genes in fibroblasts associated with cell adhesion, invasion, and extracellular matrix degradation. This study demonstrated that the 3D co-cultures in fibrin/Matrigel would be useful for assessing the effects of drug combinations on tumor growth and invasion.
Spectral domain isolation of ballistic component in visible light OCT based on random matrix description
Authors: Qiao Danlei , Rubinoff Ian S. , Zhou Jibo , Troy John B. , Zhang Hao F. , Tong Shanbao , Miao Peng
Published: March 2023

Visible light optical coherence tomography (vis-OCT) provides a unique tool for imaging both structure and oxygen metabolism in ophthalmology. Working in visible light bandwidth, it suffers from noises due to strong scattering, especially in the blood. This work established the random matrix (RM) description of vis-OCT’s k-space data as ballistic and multiple scattering components. The eigenvalue density of the hybrid RM follows a low-rank biased Marčenko–Pastur law. The ballistic component can thus be separated out using a generalized likelihood ratio test algorithm. The RM-based method was validated by both the Monte Carlo simulation and ex vivo pure blood phantom study. We further demonstrated that the RM-based method could significantly improve the imaging quality in the human fundus, showing more details of the layered structure than current vis-OCT with ∼23.6% increase of signal-to-noise ratio, measuring the blood oxygen value more accurately, and enabling better structure visualization than the traditional method, a 1.6-fold higher contrast-to-noise ratio in raster scan mode. The isolated ballistic component also fits the Beer–Lambert law better, giving more accurate oxygen saturation in arc scan mode. The RM-based method significantly improves the reconstruction quality in 3D and facilitates clinical diagnostics. As a general framework, random matrix description also provides a new separation strategy to estimate the ballistic component in other spectral domain OCT techniques.
A simple and precise way to determine electrical resistivity of isotropic conductors: Simplifying the four-probe method
Authors: Alves L. M. S. , Oliveira F. S. , Romão E. C. , da Luz M. S. , dos Santos C. A. M.
Published: March 2023

Numerical simulations via COMSOL Multiphysics software are used to describe the behavior of electrical resistivity of several samples with rectangular shape typically used in the Montgomery method. The simulation data obtained using four isotropic conductors allowed us to understand in detail the behavior of the electric potential and electric field of the samples. The results provide an analytical method, which can substitute the four-probe method with much more simplicity and precision.
Motile micro-organism based trihybrid nanofluid flow with an application of magnetic effect across a slender stretching sheet: Numerical approach
Authors: Elsebaee Fayza Abdel Aziz , Bilal Muhammad , Mahmoud Samy Refahy , Balubaid Mohammed , Shuaib Muhammad , Asamoah Joshua K. K. , Ali Aatif
Published: March 2023

The steady magnetohydrodynamic ternary hybrid nanofluid flow over a slender surface under the effects of activation energy, Hall current, chemical reactions, and a heat source has been reported. A numerical model is developed to increase the rate of energy transfer and boost the efficiency and outcome of heat energy dissemination for a diverse range of biological applications and commercial uses. The rheological properties and thermal conductivity of the base fluids are improved by framing an accurate combination of nanoparticles (NPs). The ternary hybrid nanofluid has been prepared, in the current analysis, by the dispersion of magnesium oxide, titanium dioxide (TiO2), and cobalt ferrite (CoFe2O4) NPs in the base fluid. The physical phenomena have been expressed in the form of a system of nonlinear PDEs, which are degraded to a dimensionless system of ODEs through the similarity replacement and numerically solved by employing the MATLAB software package bvp4c. The graphical and tabular results are estimated for velocity, mass, and energy curves vs distinct physical factors. It has been noticed that the variation in the magnetic effect enhances the energy profile while the increasing number of ternary nanocomposites (MgO, TiO2, and CoFe2O4) in water lowers the energy curve. Furthermore, the effect of both Lewis and Peclet numbers weakens the motile microbe’s profile.
The next era of crop domestication starts now
Authors: Krug Aubrey Streit , B. M. Drummond Emily , Van Tassel David L. , Warschefsky Emily J.
Published: March 2023

Current food systems are challenged by relying on a few input-intensive, staple crops. The prioritization of yield and the loss of diversity during the recent history of domestication has created contemporary crops and cropping systems that are ecologically unsustainable, vulnerable to climate change, nutrient poor, and socially inequitable. For decades, scientists have proposed diversity as a solution to address these challenges to global food security. Here, we outline the possibilities for a new era of crop domestication, focused on broadening the palette of crop diversity, that engages and benefits the three elements of domestication: crops, ecosystems, and humans. We explore how the suite of tools and technologies at hand can be applied to renew diversity in existing crops, improve underutilized crops, and domesticate new crops to bolster genetic, agroecosystem, and food system diversity. Implementing the new era of domestication requires that researchers, funders, and policymakers boldly invest in basic and translational research. Humans need more diverse food systems in the Anthropocene—the process of domestication can help build them.