bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A case study of text conventions in comparable and parallel texts: English and Norwegian
Authors: Behrens Bergljot
Published: September 2020

A case study of highly comparable scientific texts in English and Norwegian demonstrate important differences in use of a number of text comventions. Of particular interest is the use of event nominalizations, English showing a markedly higher frequency of use than Norwegian. A Multitranslation corpus of Norwegian professional translators demonstrate leanings towards English text conventions in their translations, deviating from text conventions used by Norwegian professionals in the same scientific field. The present article makes a closer atudy of the degree of complexity in nominalizations in the comparable texts and discusses the variability of the translations in view of the Norwegian conventions established on the basis of quantitative measures. The study indicates that translators follow different linguistic strategies of scientific text production than professional scientists in the field.
Self Intensification and Focus Interpretation
Authors: Sæbø Kjell Johan
Published: September 2020

Standardly (Safir, 2004), the “complex reflexive'' SIG+SELF in Dutch or Scandinavian is treated as a special species of anaphora, stronger than SIG alone. This approach has a number of disadvantages, descriptive and theoretical. Theoretically, it is desirable to treat SELF the same as when it modifies another element. Bergeton (2004) argues that a uniform analysis of SELF as an intensifier is feasible and that the descriptive shortcomings of standard treatments can be overcome if intensification is severed from binding (SIG). However, his account is incomplete in a few regards. Building on a formal theory of focus (Rooth, 1992), I show that the distribution of simple and complex reflexives -- almost complementary in Dutch and Scandinavian, freer in German -- can be more fully explained on the basis of a theory of intensification (Eckardt, 2001) supplemented by Bidirectional OT (Blutner, 1998-06).
Bjerck, Hein B., Heidi M. Breivik, Silje E. Fretheim, Ernesto L. Piana, Angélica M. Tivoli, A Francisco J. Zangrando og Birgitte Skar (eds.) 2016: Marine Ventures: Archaeological Perspectives on Human-Sea Relations, Equinox publishing, Sheffield.
Authors: Glykou Anikaterini
Published: September 2020

No summary.
Glørstad, Zanette T. og Kjetil Loftsgarden (eds.) 2017: Viking Age Transformations. Trade, Craft and Resources in Western Scandinavia. Routledge. London/New York.
Authors: Croix Sarah
Published: September 2020

No summary.
The Fimbulwinter theory and the 6th century crisis in the light of Norwegian archaeology: Towards a human-environmental approach.
Authors: Gundersen Ingar M.
Published: September 2020

In this article, I have tried to discuss the Fimbulwinter theory in a research historical perspective, in order to disentangle the premises presented by both advocates and critics alike. By and large, the current debate follows the contours of previous discourses on the 6th century transition, at the risk of entrenching the arguments within two defined and established perspectives: material change as a reflection of crisis, and, secondly, material change as an expression of cultural innovation. Neither of these perspectives is satisfactory, as they both run the risk of downplaying either, in the first case, long-term socio-cultural dynamics or, in the second case, environmental factors. In other words, an environmental perspective is inadequate as an analytical framework, since it is liable to provide simplified and deterministic interpretations of past societal change. The roots of environmental disasters must be studied from a social perspective, in which societal preconditions for vulnerability to hazards are analysed. Consequently, an integrated human- environmental approach must be developed, which takes into consideration the importance of both human and natural systems, and the interaction between them. There is, indeed, no contradiction between the two interpretative frameworks of crisis and a change of practice, as both perspectives are required for an in-depth understanding of the spatial and temporal complexity associated with the transition from the Early to the Late Iron Age. Considerable scientific potential might be obtained by employing a human-environmental approach, in which the 6th century transition is analysed at the interface of human and environmental systems, rather than within an explicit social or climatic interpretative framework.
Nock, M.K., Borges, G og Ono, Y. (red.): Suicide. Global perspectives from the WHO World Mental Health Survey
Authors: Larsen Kim
Published: September 2020

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Consulta do registo de saúde eletrônico
Authors: Fernandes Ana Carolina , Ramos Ana Raquel , Candelária André , Rocha Liliane , Barrancos Patrícia
Published: September 2020

Introdução: A bioética surgiu da necessidade de regulamentar um código de conduta ética que evitasse as práticas médicas abusivas realizadas durante vários séculos. O Procedimento Deliberativo (PD) aplicado à medicina, ajuda na tomada de decisões éticas de forma ponderada e justa. Com a apresentação deste caso clínico pretende-se exemplificar a importância da aplicação do PD na prática clínica em Medicina Geral e Familiar (MGF). Apresentação do caso: Homem de 58 anos que no seguimento de um antígeno específico da próstata (PSA) alterado foi referenciado à consulta de urologia. Um mês após biópsia prostática recorre à consulta de MGF confiante de que o resultado seria negativo. Sem a sua autorização, o Médico de Família (MF) acedeu ao Registo de Saúde Eletrónico e verificou que o doente apresentava um adenocarcinoma da próstata, embora não tivesse ainda consulta de reavaliação de urologia. Foi eleito o problema ético mais importante e definido o curso de ação ótimo que cumpria os critérios de legalidade, publicidade e temporalidade. Conclusões: Qualquer que seja a decisão do médico, deve ser sempre em benefício da pessoa. O PD permite uma tomada de decisão estruturada pelo que deve ser aplicado no contexto de MGF perante a ocorrência de problemas éticos.
Money for Nothing and Content for Free?
Authors: Wellbrock Christian-Mathias , Buschow Christopher
Published: September 2020

How can journalism be financed sustainably? This remains the key issue for media companies and news start-ups when they develop and establish digital business models.

The authors of this book provide a broad overview of the current state of knowledge on paid content, platforms and the willingness to pay in the field of journalism, and present innovative perspectives on novel platform models as well as on the motives and needs of users of digital journalistic content. Based on empirical research, the book explores recommendations for the user-centred development of paid content as well as new perspectives on the willingness to pay in the field of digital journalism, both of which are relevant for academia and media practice.
miRNAs and Muscle Stem Cells
Authors: Hernandez-Torres Francisco , Rodriguez-Outeiriño Lara , Matias-Valiente Lidia , Lozano-Velasco Estefania , Franco Diego , Aranega Amelia
Published: September 2020

Skeletal muscle represents between 30 and 38% of the human body mass. Both the maintenance and repair of adult muscle tissue are directed by satellite cells (SCs). SCs are located beneath the basal lamina of the skeletal muscle myofiber. They are quiescent for most of their life but, in response to physiological stimuli or muscle trauma, they activate, proliferate, and enter the myogenic program via generating myogenic progenitors (myoblasts) that fuse to existing myofibers or de novo myofibers. MicroRNAs (miRNAs or miRs) play a critical role in regulating muscle regeneration and stem cell behavior. In this chapter, we review the pivotal role in the regulation of SC quiescence, activation, and differentiation in the context of muscular dystrophies.
Analysis of Infusion Patterns of Propofol and Remifentanil During Rigid Bronchoscopy Under Total Intravenous Anesthesia
Authors: Park Jong Cook , Yun So Hui , Kim Changhwan
Published: September 2020

Objectives: We analyzed the dosage pattern of anesthetic drugs administered to maintain anesthesia during rigid bronchoscopy. Methods: We enrolled a total of 81 patients who underwent rigid bronchoscopy under total intravenous anesthesia between April 2015 and March 2019. Anesthesia was maintained using propofol (target brain concentration 2.0 - 6.0 µg/mL) and remifentanil (target brain concentration 2.0 - 6.0 ng/mL). We analyzed the dosage patterns of the anesthetic agents during the procedure, as well as the changes in the dose of the anesthetic agents and the number of procedures repeated in the same patient. Results: The dose of propofol administered per minute to maintain anesthesia was inversely correlated with the total operation time (r2 = 0.355, β = -0.067, P < 0.000) but was not significantly correlated with the number of times the procedure was repeated. The dose of remifentanil did not significantly differ during repeated procedures in the same patient. Conclusions: The dose of propofol infusion tended to decrease over time during the rigid bronchoscopy procedure. This pattern was specific to propofol but not to remifentanil using TIVA. Understanding the pharmacokinetic properties of anesthetic drugs will help in their appropriate administration.
Designing Accreditation Standards for Limited Surgery Facilities in Iran
Authors: Asgari Nader , Hessam Somayeh , Masoudi Asl Iravan , Vahdat Shaghayegh
Published: September 2020

Background: Accreditation is the most powerful evaluation tool to validate a health care organization’s attainment of standards set by an external peer review team. Objectives: This study was done to identify and develop a comprehensive framework of standards affecting the performance of limited surgery centers. Methods: This mixed-method study was conducted in 2019. Twenty experts were selected by the snowball sampling method. Initially, the basic concepts of criteria were designed according to the result of expert interviews. Then, 20 experts were asked to rate the importance of each criterion qualitatively based on a 5-point Likert scale from highly important to unimportant. Experts’ opinions were inquired in three stages, followed by rating and determining the content impact of the extracted standards using the DEMATEL method. Results: The conceptual model and then the initial model were designed. The basic conceptual model was identified in three main domains of patient safety, clinical care, and management and leadership. The highest weight was related to “safe discharge and follow-up of the patient”, which gained the first priority. “Prevention and management of common surgical complications”, “infection prevention”, “continuing post-surgical care”, “imidate and emergency care”, and “surgical and anesthesia care” had the second to sixth priority among the ten subfactors, respectively. Conclusions: According to our findings, the formulation of the standards of the limited surgical centers should be more focused on the safety and management of surgical complications.
T. E. Lawrence: memórias da Grande Guerra de um herói ambivalente
Authors: Burns Thomas Laborie
Published: September 2020

Este artigo aborda tanto o homem T.E. Lawrence como suas memórias de guerra, Os sete pilares da sabedoria (1935). Lawrence era um homem ambivalente em seu trabalho, suas habilidades militares e diplomáticas, em seu papel na independência árabe e em sua sexualidade. Sua clássica obra de memórias sobre a campanha britânica contra a Turquia na Arábia é, dentre tantas outras coisas, um manual de guerrilha que visa apresentar-se como um registro fatual de uma campanha militar e também como uma narrativa heroica de discernimento, coragem e determinação.
Os horrores da Grande Guerra na obra de Mário de Andrade
Authors: Ourique João Luis Pereira
Published: September 2020

Este trabalho propõe apresentar uma leitura de parte da obra Há uma gota de sangue em cada poema, primeiro livro de Mário de Andrade, publicado em 1917, sob o pseudônimo de Mário Sobral, podendo ser traduzido como uma denúncia dos horrores da Grande Guerra (1914-1918). Dessa forma, discutir a expressão lírica de Mário de Andrade no contexto da “guerra de trincheiras” possibilita reflexões acerca do cotidiano da violência que se propaga como algo intrinsecamente “humano”, sendo aceitável como parte do “progresso” histórico.
A Primeira Guerra Mundial na lírica expressionista
Authors: Cornelsen Élcio Loureiro
Published: September 2020

O objetivo deste artigo é analisar poemas expressionistas cujos autores expressaram, liricamente, suas vivências de guerra como soldados na frente de batalha. Mesmo antes da eclosão da guerra, esta já se prefigurava como uma catástrofe social que, posteriormente, se revelaria em toda a sua virulência. Jovens que vivenciaram o “reino das chamas” e os “labirintos fumegantes da batalha” (Ernst Jünger) encontraram na lírica uma forma apropriada para expressar suas percepções sensoriais sob condições precárias e constante perigo de morte no front. Imagens apocalípticas não eram incomuns. A euforia que predominava também entre os expressionistas com a eclosão da “Grande Guerra” e com a possibilidade de uma transformação social logo se dissipou, à medida que a chamada “guerra de material” revelou-se em toda a sua virulência e horror. Guerra, ódio, miséria, caos, destruição, loucura, violência e morte puderam ser representadas de modo pungente pela estética do Expressionismo.
De como a letra pode fazer frente ao arquivo: escritura e repetição no K, de Kucinski
Authors: Figueiredo Elielson de Souza , Sarmento-Pantoja Tânia
Published: September 2020

Abordamos o romance K, de Bernardo Kucinsk, a fim de compreendê-lo como Escritura dissidente e resistente cuja Assinatura sob o nome do autor é a própria Repetição dos procedimentos narrativos que costumeiramente são adotados pela ficção em torno dos arché de poder institucional. Tentamos teorizar o conceito de Arquivo segundo as reflexões de Derrida para melhor compreendermos a Escritura de Kucinski como texto nascido da experiência sensível das vítimas da repressão ditatorial militar brasileira. Ao mesmo tempo buscamos investigar de que maneira o K é também Repetição de uma Assinatura da culpa de quem sobrevive a catástrofes. Assim, parece-nos, preliminarmente, que a ficção do K é um acontecimento singular, como ocorre sempre que estamos diante de um relato baseado na experiência catastrófica. Este artigo procura dizer como se configura essa Assinatura e como sua Repetição não anula a Escritura como evento único e tampouco se deixa absorver pela autoridade do Arquivo.
Memórias indesejadas: os campos de reeducação na ficção de Ungulani Ba Ka Khosa
Authors: Lima Rainério dos Santos
Published: September 2020

Logo após a independência de Moçambique em 1975, uma das medidas adotadas pela FRELIMO foi o deslocamento e a disciplinarização em massa da população. Entre as estratégias tomadas estava a criação de campos de reeducação, para onde eram levados os moçambicanos classificados como improdutivos e indesejáveis pelo poder soberano. No romance Entre as memórias silenciadas, Ungulani Ba Ka Khosa representa a memória dos sujeitos deportados para os campos para serem ressocializados e transformados pela experiência prisional, pelo trabalho nas machambas e pelo pensamento anticolonial de fundamentação marxista-leninista no novo homem moçambicano. Nessa narrativa, os sujeitos ficcionais são despossuídos de seus direitos de cidadania e submetidos pelo poder/violência instaurador(a) da nova ordem socialista a processos de subjetivação/dessubjetivação com o objetivo não só de se tornarem corpos dóceis ao regime revolucionário, mas também de modo a impossibilitar a formação de memórias que testemunhassem a própria existência dos campos.
A tragédia de Eurípedes: relações entre a performance e a resistência dos personagens nas narrativas literária e fílmica Medeia
Authors: Santos Andreza Costa dos , Sarmento-Pantoja Carlos Augusto Nascimento
Published: September 2020

Considerando o que propõe Alfredo Bosi, em Narrativa e Resistência (1996), entendemos que a oposição a uma força alheia, apontada por Bosi como sendo um dos principais atributos da narrativa de resistência, se faz presente no âmbito da dramaturgia tanto quanto no âmbito da literatura, bem como em outras formas artísticas. E ainda que o pesquisador localize seu corpus em contextos do Século XX, nossa hipótese é a de que a resistência, especialmente a resistência imanente, é antes um aspecto que transcende formas e temporalidades. Para analisar esta possibilidade faremos um paralelo entre a Medeia de Eurípedes e a Medeia de Pasolini.
Entre a luta armada e a poesia libertária: o engajamento radical de Carlos Marighella
Authors: Bungart Neto Paulo
Published: September 2020

O artigo discute a atuação política e a obra poética de Carlos Marighella, demonstrando de que maneira as duas atividades configuram uma atitude, coerente e coesa, de oposição à ditadura militar e de denúncia da falta de liberdade e de inúmeros problemas sociais e econômicos da nação brasileira.Com o apoio de biógrafos, memorialistas e romancistas, procurarei deixar claro o modo como a poesia libertária de Marighella se adequa perfeitamente ao discurso do “comunista” e do “guerrilheiro” a ele associado ao longo de décadas de oposição política, práxis que o torna modelo de abnegação e amor à “causa”, pela qual morreu em combate.
A costa dos murmúrios e Netto perde sua alma: uma reflexão sobre o retorno ao passado histórico na literatura
Authors: Grossi Juliana Toazza
Published: September 2020

O presente artigo pretende analisar de que modo as produções literárias de Tabajara Ruas e Lídia Jorge abordam e, assim, trazem para as narrativas literárias o passado histórico. Na oposição reflexiva entre as duas obras, perceberemos que esse retorno nem sempre se dá a fim de rever criticamente o processo histórico e que pode basicamente reproduzir os mitos do discurso vigente. Visando uma análise satisfatória da problemática estabelecida a partir de Netto Perde Sua Alma e A Costa dos Murmúrios, realizaremos um retorno teórico revendo as mudanças que se instalaram na inter-relação entre discurso histórico e literário. Assim, partiremos das ideias propostas por Gyorgy Lukács e o romance histórico tradicional; Linda Hutcheon e a metaficção historiográfica, bem como o entendimento acercado materialismo histórico, pela voz do teórico Walter Benjamin.
Personagens antagônicas de Graciliano Ramos: a construção de figuras femininas na voz de um autor masculino
Authors: Silveira Lilian Greice dos Santos Ortiz da
Published: September 2020

Pretendemos, com este trabalho, analisar a personagem Madalena da obra “São Bernardo” (2012), de Graciliano Ramos, em contraste com Mariana da obra “Garranchos” (2012), do mesmo autor. Primeiramente, demonstraremos como Madalena pode ser dita autônoma e detentora de uma visão de mundo inovadora no sentido de não obedecer a certos padrões comportamentais. Em um segundo momento, revelaremos como a personagem acaba submetendo-se ao sistema então vigente. É a partir de então que entra a comparação com a personagem Mariana, da obra recentemente publicada. Vemos em Mariana uma mulher com liberdade total, sem receios de lutar pelo que deseja. Por fim, para embasar as ideias levantadas neste estudo, serão trazidas teorias a respeito do papel dos gêneros, que podem explicar relações sociais e de poder, impostas pela sociedade.
Cidade e violência no cerrado goiano: uma leitura de Herança de Sangue, de Ivan Sant'anna
Authors: Rodrigues Leonardo José , Ignácio Ewerton de Freitas
Published: September 2020

Este trabalho tem por finalidade realizar uma leitura do romance Herança de sangue: um faroeste brasileiro (2012), de Ivan Sant’Anna, e divide-se em duas seções principais: na primeira, discorremos sobre o espaço urbano enquanto texto cujos significados são complexos e intricados, e sobre como esse espaço é configurado no romance, já que se emaranha com a violência que plasma interações humanas e sociais; na segunda, empreendemos uma leitura dos modos pelos quais essas interações são trabalhadas  no contexto narrativo da obra. Para tanto, recorremos ao aporte teórico e crítico de estudiosos cujas obras versam tanto sobre o urbano (BARTHES, 1987; CALVINO, 1990; GOMES, 1994), quanto sobre violência (CAMPOS, 1987; OLIVEIRA, 2012; SILVA, 2014). Baseando-nos na categoria da violência, elemento constituinte da narrativa enfocada, procuramos investigar como esta se instaura como elemento intrínseco, afetando o texto ao mesmo tempo em lhe plasma o conteúdo e a forma, buscando, ainda, evidenciar que se tem, no romance em tela, a cristalização de episódios violentos, pautados sob a égide da crueldade e da intolerância, associados à crônica histórica da cidade goiana de Catalão.
Entre Kafka e Stendhal: crítica literária e história na literatura documental de Vertigem, de W. G. Sebald
Authors: Lavorati Carla , Umbach Rosani Ketzer
Published: September 2020

Vertigem, lançado na Alemanha em 1990, inaugura as narrativas em prosa de W. G. Sebald. A obra é dividida em quatro partes, duas delas são inspiradas na vida de Stendhal e Kafka e se assemelham a ensaios críticos, as outras duas estruturam-se a partir de um narrador em primeira pessoa. No espólio do autor, em Deutsches Literaturarchiv Marbach, Alemanha, é possível entrar em contato com as fontes de pesquisa utilizadas na escrita de Vertigem e observar influências do processo de ficcionalização dos documentos. Exemplo disso são duas matérias jornalísticas: a primeira, intitulada “Kafka in Riva, 1913”, de autoria de Anthony Northey, publicado no Neue Zürcher Zeitung, jornal semanário de Hamburgo, na sessão “Literatur und Kunst”, datada de 24 de abril de 1987; e a matéria “Die Gnadenlosen”, publicada no jornal alemão Die Zeit, em 5 de dezembro de 1986, de autoria de Erwin Brunner. Ambas compõem referências extraliterárias, principalmente pelo modo como o processo de inserção [Einbetten] das fontes coaduna-se com um entrelaçamento [Einschachten] das histórias dos personagens e do narrador. Portanto, a análise será centrada nos documentos arquivados pelo autor-narrador e no modo como a inscrição dos arquivos torna-se uma forma de trazê-los novamente ao uso, metamorfoseados em novas formas de ler e representar a realidade.
O esquecimento apresentado em o O feminino e o sagrado, de Julia Kristeva e Catherine Clément, como parte da construção da identidade feminina
Authors: Bernardes Tatiana Paula Leal , Rodrigues Leandro Garcia
Published: September 2020

A memória, por ser um processo que se constrói coletivamente, de acordo com Maurice Halbwachs (2006), pode ser usada na construção da identidade de determinados grupos. Tal construção representa pontos positivos, como a identificação com aspectos característicos das sociedades, porém, pode ser também prejudicial. Exemplo disso são as memórias de mulheres, principalmente aquelas periféricas, que estão com frequência à margem da sociedade. Dessa forma, o livro O feminino e o sagrado, de Julia Kristeva e Catherine Clément, apresenta situações em que é possível perceber um esquecimento em relação às posições femininas na sociedade, sobre a ótica dominadora, daqueles que detêm o poder de escolha para decidir qual memória será considerada oficial. Assim, é importante analisar tais imposições, uma vez que são prejudiciais e podem levar ao esquecimento de parte da memória cultural de um grupo.
A representação da violência contra a mulher no conto El Solitario, de Horacio Quiroga
Authors: Ferreira Marcela da Fonseca , Matias Felipe dos Santos
Published: September 2020

O presente artigo discute a questão da violência contra a mulher a partir do conto El solitario (1917), de Horacio Quiroga (1878-1937). A produção literária selecionada como corpus possibilita analisar a configuração relacionada aos papéis sociais atribuídos à mulher pela doxa patriarcal ocidental no período histórico referente ao início do XX. O referido texto do escritor uruguaio representa, por meio da relação entre o casal de personagens Kassim e María, a violência moral, psicológica e física perpetrada contra o gênero feminino. Como fundamentação teórico-crítica, utilizam-se as reflexões de Pierre Bourdieu, Jane Flax, Eduardo de Assis Duarte, Rita Terezinha Schmidt, Joan Scott, Lúcia Osana Zolin, Carlos Magno Gomes, dentre outros.
Representações de alteridade na guerra: apontamentos críticos à Primeira Guerra Mundial em Virginia Woolf e Thomas Mann
Authors: Coelho Luiz Henrique
Published: September 2020

Em Montanha mágica, Thomas Mann aponta para as transformações políticas, sociais e culturais, relacionadas ao deflagrar da Primeira Guerra Mundial, como um divisor temporal imposto à narrativa. Em Doutor Fausto, Mann expõe o mesmo ponto de vista, com um rigor crítico mais acentuado em relação à guerra iniciada em 1914, mencionando a oposição entre a euforia do período anterior à guerra e o pesar observado após o conflito. Virginia Woolf trata o tema da Primeira Guerra Mundial nos textos Ao farol e Mrs. Dalloway, a partir de um contexto da experiência dos combates. Em Mrs Dalloway, é perceptível a descrição do trauma, como no exemplo dos bombardeios a Londres. Já em Ao farol, o conflito armado é transposto à ideia da passagem do tempo, exposta, sobretudo, no segundo capítulo do romance, intitulado “O tempo passa”. A presente análise busca revelar o aspecto crítico de ambos autores em relação à Primeira Guerra Mundial – evento que transformaria tanto os modos de vida, meios de produção e, certamente, a escrita literária – bem como possíveis aproximações entre seus posicionamentos em relação ao tema.
Do Sonho à Torre: o último drama de Hofmannsthal como reação à Primeira Guerra
Authors: Galle Helmut
Published: September 2020

Em 1928, Hugo von Hofmannsthal publicou sua última peça e seu legado: “A torre”, baseada em La vida es sueño de Calderón de la Barca. Na trama ficcional, a Polônia antiga, abalada por uma guerra perdida, oscila entre três formas de governo: o tradicional, o legal e o carismático. Sigismund, filho do déspota fracassado, não consegue sustentar-se como novo príncipe humano, e a revolução milenarista das crianças órfãs tampouco se afirma; quem triunfa é o soldado Olivier, apoiado em amoralidade radical e seus guerreiros embrutecidos. Reconhece-se, neste cenário, uma alegoria sobre a situação austríaca do pós-guerra e dos movimentos fascistas em surgimento na Europa. Ao mesmo tempo, o autor assimila leituras de M. Weber, W. Benjamin e C. Schmitt, de forma que “A torre” pode ser lida como complemento ficcional das agudas análises desses teóricos sobre a sociedade europeia após a catástrofe da 1ª Guerra.
The flagellar motor of Vibrio alginolyticus undergoes major structural remodeling during rotational switching
Authors: Carroll Brittany L , Nishikino Tatsuro , Guo Wangbiao , Zhu Shiwei , Kojima Seiji , Homma Michio , Liu Jun
Published: September 2020

The bacterial flagellar motor switches rotational direction between counterclockwise (CCW) and clockwise (CW) to direct the migration of the cell. The cytoplasmic ring (C-ring) of the motor, which is composed of FliG, FliM, and FliN, is known for controlling the rotational sense of the flagellum. However, the mechanism underlying rotational switching remains elusive. Here, we deployed cryo-electron tomography to visualize the C-ring in two rotational biased mutants in Vibrio alginolyticus. We determined the C-ring molecular architectures, providing novel insights into the mechanism of rotational switching. We report that the C-ring maintained 34-fold symmetry in both rotational senses, and the protein composition remained constant. The two structures show FliG conformational changes elicit a large conformational rearrangement of the rotor complex that coincides with rotational switching of the flagellum. FliM and FliN form a stable spiral-shaped base of the C-ring, likely stabilizing the C-ring during the conformational remodeling.
Overexpression of KIAA1199 is an independent prognostic marker in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Huang Meixiang , Liao Feifei , Song Yexun , Zuo Gang , Tan Guolin , Chu Ling , Wang Tiansheng
Published: September 2020

Background

KIAA1199 is a recently identified novel gene that is upregulated in various human cancers with poor survival, but its role and the underlying mechanisms in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC) remain unknown. Here, we collected tissues from 105 cases of LSCC to investigate the relationships between KIAA1199 protein expression and clinical factors.

Methods

Western blotting and real-time quantitative PCR (RT-PCR) were used for detect the protein and mRNA expression of KIAA1199 in LSCC tissue. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining was used to detect the expression of KIAA1199. Patient clinical information, for instance sex, age, pathological differentiation, clinical region, T stage, N stage, clinical stage, operation type, neck lymph dissection, smoking status, and drinking status were recorded. Kaplan–Meier survival analysis and Cox analysis were applied to identify the relationship between KIAA1199 and LSCC.

Results

Western blotting results showed KIAA1199 protein was significantly higher in tumor tissues vs. adjacent non-cancerous tissues (0.9385 ± 0.1363 vs. 1.838 ± 0.3209, P = 0.04). The KIAA1199 mRNA expression was considerably higher in tumor tissues (P < 0.001) than in adjacent non-cancerous tissues by RT-PCR. IHC results showed up-regulated KIAA1199 expression was related with some severe clinicopathological parameters: pathologic differentiation (P = 0.002), T stage (P < 0.001), N stage (P < 0.001), clinical stage (P < 0.001), survival time (P = 0.008) and survival status (P < 0.001). Kaplan–Meier survival analysis showed that patients with high KIAA1199 protein expression had poor overall survival (OS) (P < 0.05). Cox analysis suggested that the KIAA1199 protein expression constituted an independent prognostic marker for LSCC patients (P < 0.001).

Conclusion

Our findings revealed that KIAA1199 protein expression may be used to predict LSCC patient outcome.
Prototypical Simulation of an Optical Edge Filter Design for Three Different Rayleigh Wavelengths Using Octave Software
Authors: Bello A. M. , Dahuwa D. , Mustapha A. M. , Muhammad Z.
Published: September 2020

Optical filters used specifically for special functions to block a particular wavelength or range of wavelength and transmit the rest of the spectrum have received research attention for the past few eras. Recently, optical filter based on multilayer coating are more focused due to potential to manipulate filter properties by changing layer thickness in order to apply in various fields. This Quarter wave stack (QWS) model design is one of the approaches to design optical filter such as edge filter. However, to obtain desire minimum specification need an optimization. Therefore, in this study aims to design optical edge filter based QWS model by optical matrix method in Octave software. In this design, MoS2 and Si are being choose for high (H) and low (L) refractive index materials respectively. The optimum twenty-four (24) number of layers are determined by calculating maximum transmittance obtained. The Rayleigh wavelength ( λex ) of 405 nm ,532 nm and 633 nm are selected and ‘glass|12HL|air’ configuration is set for the design simulation.  Then, the cut-on wavelength (λcut-on) and cut-off wavelength ((λcut-off) of successful designed optical edge filter are measured. The result shows that the cut-on wavelength of 408.11 nm, 536 nm and 640.25 nm with minimum effective transmission (MET) of 32.3%, 31.3% and 32% respectively are obtained. In conclusion, this present study shows the deviation between the calculated value and simulation of about 0.2 nm,1.7 nm and 1.15 nm for each λex of 405 nm, 532 nm and 633 nm is determined.  But for λcut-off, the value obtained are much higher than the calculated value. The MET of each filter is 32.3% ,31.3% and 32% for Rayleigh wavelength respectively.
Genetic Variability Assessment in Lowland Rice Cultivars of Bihar, India
Authors: Kushwaha Nitesh , Kant Ravi , Kumar Rajesh , . Nilanjaya , Singh Digvijay , Chhaya Ruchika , Sinha Naincy , Mohanty Tushar Arun
Published: September 2020

The present investigation for various genetic parameters was done for twenty-two lowland rice genotypes in R.C.B.D. with three replications at Rice Breeding Section, Pusa Farm, Dr. Rajendra Prasad Central Agricultural University, Pusa, Samastipur, Bihar. Analysis of variance revealed significant differences (P-value =0.01) among genotypes for all the characters. Brasali was the highest yielder suggesting that it can be used for crossing programme for improvement in yield. The phenotypic variance was higher than corresponding genotypic variances for all the characters studied. Genotypic coefficient of variation (GCV) and phenotypic coefficient of variation (PCV) were highest for grain yield per plant followed by1000 grain weight, plant height, number of panicles, root volume, leaf length and days to 50 % flowering revealing that sufficient variability was present in the gene pool for these characters. Thus, there is ample scope for genetic improvement of these traits through selection. The broad sense heritability ranged from 23 % (panicle length of main axis) to 97% (1000 grain weight). High heritability was obtained for most of the characters except for panicle length of main axis and kernel width. High heritability accompanied with high genetic advance as percent of mean was recorded for days to 50% flowering, plant height, root volume, number of panicles, 1000 grain weight, leaf length and grain yield per plant. High values of GCV, PCV, heritability and genetic advance as percent of mean observed for various characters indicate that these traits can be used as selection indices for yield improvement.
Studying Yield and Water Productivity of Maize at Enhanced Level of Temperature Using DSSAT 4.7.5
Authors: Lone B. A. , Fayaz A. , Qayoom S. , Dar N. A. , Dar Z. A. , Singh P. , Kumar S. , Rasool Faisal , Andrabi Najmah , Mushtaq Nighat
Published: September 2020

Climate variability has been and continues to be, the principal source of fluctuations in global food production in countries of the developing world and is of serious concern. Agriculture, with its allied sectors, is unquestionably are highly dependent on weather conditions, any weather aberrations cause atmospheric and other forms of stress and in turn, will increase the vulnerability of these farmers to economic losses. Process-based models use simplified functions to express the interactions between crop growth and the major environmental factors that affect crops (i.e., climate, soils, and management), and many have been used in climate impact assessments. The climatic scenario from A1B scenario 2011-2090 extracted from PRECIS run shows that overall maximum and minimum temperature increase by 5.39°C (±1.76) and 5.08°C (±1.37). A decrease of about 20 quintals was recorded when maximum temperature was enhanced by +4°C and about 10 quintals decreased at +2°C. Enhancement of minimum temperature by +3°C shows a decrease of about 16 quintals in tops weight. Combination of both minimum and maximum temperature remarkably decreased grain yield at (maximum & minimum +2°C) up to 25.41%. Max. temperature lead to staggering in the irrigation water productivity, however, a consistant increase in the irrigation water productivity was realised with an increase in minimum temperature. Dry matter productivity of 50 kg DM /ha/mm [ET] was observed with the increase of 1°C in both Max. and Min. temperatures and  the lowest value of (16.7 kg DM /ha/mm[ET]) was recorded when the crop is supposed to grow at enhanced level maximum temperature by +4°C both maximum and minimum temperature. Increase in the both max and minimum temperature by +1°C lead to maximum irrigation water productivity of 22.4 (kg[yield]/ha/mm[irrig]) and the lowest irrigation water productivity of 16.7 (kg[yield]/ha/mm[irrig]) was registerd when both max. as well as min. temp. was raised by +4°C minimum temperature.
Fertility Status of Groundnut Growing Calcareous Vertisols of Dharwad District, Karnataka
Authors: Manasa V. , Hebsur N. S. , Patil P. L. , Hebbara M. , Kumar B. N. Aravind , Gobinath R.
Published: September 2020

A soil survey was carried out in different groundnut growing calcareous Vertisols of Dharwad district, Karnataka, India. One hundred surface composite soil samples were collected from five talukas (mandal) of Dharwad district and analyzed for soil chemical properties and nutrient status. The results showed that soil pH, electrical conductivity, organic carbon, free CaCO3 content ranged from 6.9-8.9, 0.15-1.79 dS m-1, 2.40-9.10 g kg-1, 5.8 -22.2 respectively across the regions. Available nitrogen, phosphorus (P2O5), potassium (K2O) and sulphur contents widely varied from 107-268, 18.5 - 56.0 and 386- 876, 14.8- 41.0 kg ha-1, respectively. On the basis of nutrient index values, groundnut growing calcareous soils of Dharwad were categorized as deficient in available nitrogen, medium in available phosphorus and high in available potassium. Most of the samples were deficient in available Fe and Zn whereas DTPA-extractable Cu and Mn were above the critical limits. A significant and positive correlation was found between organic carbon and available nitrogen (r=0.730**). However, a negative correlation was observed between Soil pH and micro nutrients while CaCO3 was negatively correlated with available iron (r=-0.31**).
COVID-19 and Its Implications in Dental Care
Authors: Inegbenosun H. , Ofiri E. P. , Azodo C. C.
Published: September 2020

COVID-19 was first reported in Wuhan, Hubei Province of China a few months ago (December 2019) and had since become a major challenging public health problem for not only China but also many countries around the world. It was on March 11, 2020, characterized by WHO as a pandemic. The pandemic so far has killed more than 526,465 people and infected more than 11,046,917 people around the world as of 05 July 2020. Nigeria currently has 28,167 confirmed COVID-19 cases with 11,462 (40%) discharged, 16,071 (57%) currently receiving treatment at designated facilities across the country and unfortunately 634 (3%) deaths as at the time of writing this manuscript. As far as the authors are aware, there are little or no work carried out on the implications of COVID-19 on dental practices in Nigeria. Recently, COVID-19 was identified in saliva of infected patients and so transmission via aerosols and splatter generated during dental procedures is sure. To limit exposure, there was a need to avoid scheduling patients except for emergency dental care during this outbreak. This limitation on activities of the dental sector has a very huge impact on the economy of the sector as it has already resulted in serious monetary implications for dental practices worldwide. While dental practices in the high-income countries are getting help from their respective Government, those in the middle and low-income countries like Nigeria have been left to wallow in bankruptcy without support. The authors highly recommend that the Government of these neglected countries, step up and support dental practices that are on the brink of closing down due to the low turnout of patients to their practice during this outbreak.
Asymptomatic Cardiovascular Disorders in a Cohort of Clinically Stable Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients in South Eastern Nigeria: A Cross Sectional Study
Authors: Ezeude Chidiebele M. , Ijoma Uchenna N. , Oguejiofor Ogonna C. , Young Ekenechukwu E. , Nwatu Chidinma B. , Onyenekwe Belonwu M. , Ugwueze Chidiebere V.
Published: September 2020

Introduction: Coronary artery disease (CAD), stroke and peripheral artery disease (PAD) are commonly referred to as cardiovascular disorders (CVD) due to a common underlying pathophysiology of atherosclerosis and are more common in diabetic patients. This study was carried out to determine the pattern and associated factors of CAD and PAD in asymptomatic patients with  type 2 diabetes mellitus in South east Nigeria.

Materials and Methods: One hundred and twenty stable adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus  were recruited consecutively from two out-patient clinics in two tertiary hospitals in South east Nigeria at Nnewi and Enugu. They were assessed for risk factors for CVD including hypertension, obesity and dyslipidaemia. Their ankle-brachial index (ABI) was measured using a hand-held doppler and they also had a 12 lead ECG. Results were analyzed using SPSS V23; p value of < 0.05 considered significant.

Results: There were 60 males and 60 females, with a mean age of 61.7(11.2) years and mean diabetes duration of 127.7(99.9) months. Dyslipidaemia was present in 73.3%, 70% had hypertension, PAD was present in 55.8%, while 16.5% had CAD. PAD was more common in those with higher BMI (p = 0.04), higher diastolic BP (p = 0.03) and higher mean arterial pressure (p = 0.03). On further multivariate stepwise regression analysis, there was no significant predictor of PAD. None of the clinical factors were associated with CAD.

Conclusion: PAD and CAD are common in patients with type2 DM even in the absence of symptoms. Obesity, high diastolic and high mean arterial pressure are more common in patients with PAD.
Role of Gene Polymorphism in TNF Alpha Expression and Outcome in Surgical Patients
Authors: Reddy E. Vimalakar , Suresh V. , Mohan Ram , Hassan Annie Q. , Prasad G. R. , Satyanarayana G.
Published: September 2020

Introduction: An acute phase response to tissue injury leads to release of pro inflammatory and anti inflammatory cytokines. TNF alpha  is an early pro inflammatory cytokine that released in SIRS and largely responsible for clinical manifestation of sepsis. The release of TNF alpha is influenced by messenger RNA transcription of TNF alpha gene. In patients with severe sepsis genomic polymorphism with in the TNF locus found to be associated with TNF alpha production and outcome.

Objectives: To evaluate genetic polymorphism of TNF alpha gene at c 850 t locus, influence on TNF alpha expression and on outcome.

Materials and Methods: A prospective cohort study conducted at our institute between June 2007 to 2009 in 100 cases. Serum TNF alpha levels measured by using ELISA .TNF alpha polymorphism done at c850t locus in 100 patients and were compared with 70 controls who were normal subjects. By using MEDCALC software mean and standard deviations were calculated, continuous variables were compared using t-test. ROC curves were used to determine the predictive capability of the variables.

Results: The most common polymorphism observed was CT in 51 patients.  The significant different TNF alpha level expression between the three groups were observed. Significant Tallele was observed in cases (100) when compared with controls (70), p= 0.0002.

Conclusion: Genetic polymorphism of TNF alpha gene may play critical role in stress response and outcome of the patient but it needs to be validated in large number of population.
Technical Properties and Potential Application of Waste Engine Oil as Bitumen Modifier in Pavement Construction
Authors: Dahunsi Bamidele I. O. , Idusuyi Daniel U.
Published: September 2020

The gradually exhausting crude oil reserves worldwide have made experts in the building industry to explore alternative resources for road construction materials. This study was designed to evaluate the potential applications of engine oil wastes as a bitumen modifier. The Waste Engine Oil (WEO) was obtained from an auto mechanic workshop. The base bitumen was replaced with WEO at 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10% respectively. The WEO modified bitumen properties which included penetration, softening point, flash point, solubility, specific gravity and viscosity were measured in accordance to ASTM standard procedures for a period of 5 days. From the results obtained it was observed that as the replacement level of the WEO increased, there was decrease in the viscosity, specific gravity, flash point and the softening point properties. Incorporating WEO into the base bitumen can at best be acceptable at 2% - 4%.
Career Guidance and Its Implications for Students’ Career Choices: The Case of Public Senior High Schools in Ghana
Authors: Ndoye Upoalkpajor Joshua-Luther
Published: September 2020

As an individual goes through Senior High School education, s/he encounters situations which require them to take appropriate educational, vocational and social decisions. This highlights the need for guidance and counselling services in learning institutions. Its importance cannot be overstated. Research has shown that young people think about careers within the context of life more than in terms of qualifications and training. This study explored the knowledge of senior high school students in the Agona East district, about career counselling and how career guidance has been of benefit to them. The qualitative approach of descriptive survey using the purposive sampling technique was adopted. The data gathered was analysed using two main themes consisting of several sub-themes. It emerged from the study that for each occupation, different interests, abilities, personality traits and professional values are required. The findings also revealed that career counselling helps students to link what they learn to their interests, capacities, aspirations, and match these with existing opportunities. Going forward, the study recommends that schools                    assist students to identify their interests and make them aware of the importance of academic qualifications in making career choices. It further recommends to policy makers; especially the government of Ghana, to reinforce Guidance and Counselling programmes in senior high                       schools.
Analytic integrability for holographic duals with $$ J\overline{T} $$ deformations
Authors: Roychowdhury Dibakar
Published: September 2020

Abstract

We probe warped BTZ ×S3 geometry with various string solitons and explore the classical integrability criteria of the associated phase space configurations using Kovacic’s algorithm. We consider consistent truncation of the parent sigma model into one dimension and obtain the corresponding normal variational equations (NVE). Two specific examples have been considered where the sigma model is reduced over the subspace of the full target space geometry. In both examples, NVEs are found to possess Liouvillian form of solutions which ensures the classical integrability of the associated phase space dynamics. We address similar issues for the finite temperature counterpart of the duality, where we analyse the classical phase space of the string soliton probing warped BTZ black string geometry. Our analysis reveals a clear compatibility between normal variational equations and the rules set by the Kovacic’s criteria. This ensures the classical integrability of the parent sigma model for the finite temperature extension of the duality conjecture.
Alpha cell regulation of beta cell function
Authors: Moede Tilo , Leibiger Ingo B. , Berggren Per-Olof
Published: September 2020

The islet of Langerhans is a complex endocrine micro-organ consisting of a multitude of endocrine and non-endocrine cell types. The two most abundant and prominent endocrine cell types, the beta and the alpha cells, are essential for the maintenance of blood glucose homeostasis. While the beta cell produces insulin, the only blood glucose-lowering hormone of the body, the alpha cell releases glucagon, which elevates blood glucose. Under physiological conditions, these two cell types affect each other in a paracrine manner. While the release products of the beta cell inhibit alpha cell function, the alpha cell releases factors that are stimulatory for beta cell function and increase glucose-stimulated insulin secretion. The aim of this review is to provide a comprehensive overview of recent research into the regulation of beta cell function by alpha cells, focusing on the effect of alpha cell-secreted factors, such as glucagon and acetylcholine. The consequences of differences in islet architecture between species on the interplay between alpha and beta cells is also discussed. Finally, we give a perspective on the possibility of using an in vivo imaging approach to study the interactions between human alpha and beta cells under in vivo conditions.