bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Strategic Outlook for Big Data Management
Authors: Baporikar Neeta
Published: May 2023

In the last two decades, big data has come to prominence in all spheres, from politics to business. Big data is seen as a resource to enhance business operations and also as a tool to help employees work more efficiently and streamline the collection and distribution of information technology (IT). Hence, the prevailing trend is that virtually everyone, ranging from big web companies to traditional enterprisers to physical science researchers to social scientists, is either already experiencing or anticipating unprecedented growth in the amount of data available in their world, as well as new opportunities and great untapped value. The understanding of the role of big data in this interconnected world is still in its nascent stage. What has been studied and highlighted appears massive, but what is yet to be realised is the latent potential of big data from an organisational perspective. Hence, adopting a systematic literature review with content analysis, the core aim of this chapter is to deliberate on the strategic outlook for big data management.
Exploring the Potential of ChatGPT 3.5 in Higher Education
Authors: Marron Linda
Published: May 2023

This study examines the potential benefits and challenges of using ChatGPT, a large language model, in higher education (HE) and its impact on academic integrity. The study employed an exploratory research design and was divided into three phases. Phase 1 explored ChatGPT through the lecturer's lens, Phase 2 through the student's lens, and Phase 3 through the academic integrity lens. The study aimed to investigate whether ChatGPT could be used to create resources, facilitate group-based projects, and assist students in their academic pursuits. Additionally, it investigated how ChatGPT could potentially contribute to academic misconduct. The study proposes strategies for promoting transparency and responsible use of AI in HE and offers recommendations for future research. Overall, the study concludes that AI can be a valuable tool in higher education if it is used responsibly and in conjunction with effective pedagogy.
Using Podcasts to Mediate Mathematics Learning in a Higher Education Context in South Africa
Authors: Kandiero Agripah , Chizwina Sabelo
Published: May 2023

In South Africa, the Department of Basic Education has continuously referred to the lack of students with good passes in mathematics and physical science to be able to enroll for medical and financial sector degrees. The reason for the lack of good passes has been attributed to the availability of resources and the training of teachers. Many universities have developed interventions and strategies to assist students who enter their institutions. Using the cultural historical activity theory, this chapter argues that technology in the form of podcasts can mediate the problem of under-prepared mathematical students by providing supplemental instruction. The chapter justifies the choice of podcasts and presents literature on how and why podcasts will mediate learning.
CFD Assessment of the Bubble Flow in a 3D Rectangular Column
Authors: Ahmed Maher Obaid , Humadi Jasim Ibrahim , Aabid Ahmad A. , Kanam Omer Haitham , Sanam Mohmmed Abdullah , Saeed Liqaa I. , Ibrahim Abdullah H.
Published: May 2023

The purpose of this research is to better understand the characteristics of two-phase flow in a rectangular bubble column. Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) (ANSYS-FLUENT R15.0®) has been used to conduct numerical studies of the flow pattern. Furthermore, the experimental data is used to verify the accuracy of the numerical data. This unique CFD simulation research included a 3D system, Reynolds-Average, Navier-Stokes equations (RANS), k-turbulence model, and total interphase forces. Bulk flow patterns were revealed through CFD analysis. Total contact force, both constant and non-steady, is also analyzed for its impact. The data show liquid upflow in the column's bulk section and liquid downflow near the wall. In the gas phase, bubbles rose in the middle area and departed the bed. In addition, bubbles without enough velocity to leave the bed circulate towards the wall with liquid and follow a similar pattern. The results show that the phenomenon of the central peak can only be captured by using a single bubble and no drag forces. The correlation between simulation and experimental findings is excellent. Within the higher, middle, and nearby gas distributor height ranges, the outcome agrees extremely well with the experiment. In addition, the results of the experiments show that the level of turbulence has played a crucial role in dynamic behavior. The CFD model described qualitative and quantitative flow performance, producing excellent results. The results also gave a framework for comparing and evaluating future designs and gave insights into the fluid dynamics of the bubble column reactor. Efforts were made to compare and contrast the main operating modes of different reactor designs. Keywords: Two phase, Ansys, Bubble column, CFD, Drag force, Flow Pattern.
Reviews on the Effect of Single Point Incremental Forming (SPIF) Process Parameters on Surface Roughness of Aluminum Alloy AA1050-H14 Sheet Metal
Authors: Nguyen Thanh Vu , Vo Tuyen , Phan Nhat Tuan , Dinh Le Cao Ky
Published: May 2023

Incremental Sheet Forming (ISF) is emerging as one of the popular dieless forming processes for the small-sized batch production of sheet metal components. However, the parts formed by the ISF process suffer from poor surface finish, geometric inaccuracy, and non-uniform thinning, which leads to poor part characteristics. This paper deals with the influence of single point continuous local forming process parameters on the surface roughness of the product. Design of trials used for research planning and analysis and interpretation of results. The results indicate that the tool diameter (D), vertical step-down size (Δz), and sheet thickness (t) have significant effects on the produced profile accuracy, while the feed rate (f) is not significant. As a general rule, thin sheets with greater tool diameters yielded the best surface quality. The results also show that controlling all surface quality features is complex because of the contradicting effects of, and interactions between, a number of the process parameters.
Influence of Brick Powder with Different Replacement Ratio on Concrete Performance and its Microscopic Mechanism
Authors: Li Te , Tier Laire
Published: May 2023

Due to the shortcomings of waste bricks, they cannot be used repeatedly. The brick powder can partially replace cement for construction production, which can solve the problem of cement energy consumption. This paper studies the influence of brick powder on the performance of cement-based materials. The research shows that the water absorption effect of brick powder and the friction force are the two main factors affecting concrete. Energy dispersive spectrometer, inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry and compressive strength tests show that the addition of brick powder leads to the increase of silicon/calcium. inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry shows that although brick powder dissolves in the early stage, the volcanic ash effect is weak. The results of mercury intrusion porosimetry and ultrasonic pulse velocity are consistent with the compressive strength. When 5 % is added, it shows excellent durability. In addition, with the increase of age, the durability will not decrease significantly. Since the brick powder only needs to be ground to avoid the related process of cement, good economic and environmental benefits can be obtained with the increase of substitution rate.
Hippo Kinase MST1-Mediated Cell Metabolism Reprograms the Homeostasis and Differentiation of Granulocyte Progenitor Cells
Authors: Jia Anna , Wang Yufei , Yang Qiuli , Wang Yuexin , Huang Yijin , Bi Yujing , Liu Guangwei
Published: May 2023

The mechanism of the development of granulocyte progenitor cells into neutrophils under steady-state and pathological conditions remains unclear. In this study, our results showed that with the development of neutrophils from hematopoietic stem cells to mature neutrophils, the expression level of the Hippo kinase MST1 gradually increased. Mst1-specific deficiency in myeloid cells caused neutrophilia, with an expanded granulocytic compartment resulting from a cell-autonomous increase in the number of granulocyte-macrophage progenitors under steady-state conditions and during Listeria monocytogenes infection. Mechanistically, mTOR and HIF1α signaling are required for regulating the balance between glycolysis and succinate dehydrogenase–mediated oxidative phosphorylation, which is crucial for Mst1−/−-induced proliferation of granulocyte-monocyte progenitors, lineage-decision factor C/EBPα expression, and granulopoiesis. HIF1α directly regulated C/EBPα promoter activities. Blocking mTOR and HIF1α or adjusting the balance between glycolysis and succinate dehydrogenase–mediated oxidative phosphorylation reversed the granulopoiesis induced by Mst1−/− under steady-state conditions or infection in mice. Thus, our findings identify a previously unrecognized interplay between Hippo kinase MST1 signaling and mTOR-HIF1α metabolic reprogramming in granulocyte progenitor cells that underlies granulopoiesis.
Immunomodulatory Effects of Microbiota-Derived Short-Chain Fatty Acids in Autoimmune Liver Diseases
Authors: Zhang Weici , Mackay Charles R , Gershwin M Eric
Published: May 2023

Nonpathogenic commensal microbiota and their metabolites and components are essential to maintain a tolerogenic environment and promote beneficial health effects. The metabolic environment critically impacts the outcome of immune responses and likely impacts autoimmune and allergic responses. Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) are the main metabolites produced by microbial fermentation in the gut. Given the high concentration of SCFAs in the gut and portal vein and their broad immune regulatory functions, SCFAs significantly influence immune tolerance and gut–liver immunity. Alterations of SCFA-producing bacteria and SCFAs have been identified in a multitude of inflammatory diseases. These data have particular significance in primary biliary cholangitis, primary sclerosing cholangitis, and autoimmune hepatitis because of the close proximity of the liver to the gut. In this focused review, we provide an update on the immunologic consequences of SCFA-producing microbiota and in particular on three dominant SCFAs in autoimmune liver diseases.
Clinical characterization of consecutive patients treated with endovenous radiofrequency ablation of the great saphenous vein in Northwest China
Authors: Zhao Yongfeng , Yang Qian , Zhao Xiaoyu , Dong Zilong , Chen Xi , Liu Zhen , Tang Peng , Xu Hui , Chi Yung-Wei , Liu Liwen
Published: May 2023

INTRODUCTION:

The goal of this study was to characterize consecutive patients in Northwest China treated with endovenous radiofrequency ablation (RFA) and foam sclerotherapy over a 10-month period in 2020.

METHODS:

A total of 55 (31 men) patients were analyzed. An ultrasound examination was performed preprocedure and at set intervals up to 6 months postprocedure. The clinical-etiological-anatomical-pathophysiological classification, Venous Clinical Severity Score (VCSS), and heaviness, achiness, swelling, throbbing, and itching (HASTI) score were used.

RESULTS:

Ultrasound confirmed 23 (41.8%) patients had unilateral disease and 32 (58.2%) had bilateral disease. Of the total 87 limbs, C2 predominated (42;48.3%). At 6 months postprocedure, VCSS improved in the C2, C4, C5, and C6 classes (P < 0.001); HASTI improved in the C2, C3, C4, and C5 classes (P < 0.001).

CONCLUSION:

This is one of the few clinical characterizations of patients who had RFA and foam sclerotherapy in Northwest China. Overall, both the VCSS and the HASTI score demonstrated improvement postintervention.
Internet addiction among undergraduate medical students in Myanmar: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Soe Pa Pa , Oo Khin May , Chi Phoo Nay , Win Phyo Thet Naing , Oo Win Myint
Published: May 2023

Objective:

To determine the prevalence of internet addiction and its associated factors among undergraduate students attending medical universities in Myanmar.

Methods:

Internet addiction was assessed using Young's internet addiction test. Multiple logistic regression analysis was applied to determine the factors associated with internet addiction. Altogether 950 students from all medical universities were included in the study voluntarily.

Result:

The prevalence of internet addiction in the study population was 72.2% (95%CI: 69.3%, 75.0%). According to the results of multiple logistic regression analysis, age, percentage of pocket money spent for internet, time spent per day using the internet, peer pressure, health-related behaviours (irregular meals, sleep disturbances, and missing social gatherings), and academic performance (postponement of the study and inability to concentrate on studying) were significant predictors of internet addiction.

Conclusions:

There is a high prevalence of internet addiction among Myanmar undergraduate medical students. Appropriate interventions, including promotion and strengthening of active and healthy lifestyles among students, should be implemented to prevent internet addiction and its adverse outcomes.
Treatment of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis With Intense Pulsed Light: Is It Effective?
Authors: Siadat Amirhossein , Galehdari Hamid , Shahmoradi Zabiholah , Iraji Fariba , Zolfaghari Azadeh , Ansari Nazli
Published: May 2023

Background:

Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is a common parasitic disorder that is endemic in many countries. There is no completely effective treatment for this condition, but pentavalent antimony compounds are regarded as the main treatment. Different laser types have been used for treatment of CL with variable success but to our best knowledge, there is no published paper regarding use of intense pulsed light (IPL) for treatment of CL.

Materials and Methods:

In this randomized, single-blind clinical trial study, we compared the efficacy of intralesional glucantime alone versus intralesional glucantime plus weekly IPL for treatment of 54 patients with confirmed cutaneous leishmaniasis for a maximum of eight weeks as a randomized, clinical trial.

Results:

Although it was not statistically significant, combination treatment was more effective than intralesional glucantime alone (P > 0.05). However, the velocity of healing was significantly higher in the IPL plus intralesional glucantime alone versus glucantime alone. No side effect was observed in both groups.

Discussion:

To better evaluate the efficacy of IPL, more studies with a higher number of patients and using various IPL filters are recommended.
Steroid in the Treatment of Outpatient COVID-19: A Multicenter Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Amra Babak , Vaezi Atefeh , Soltaninejad Forogh , Salahi Mehrdad , Salmasi Mehrzad , Haghjooy Javanmard Shaghayegh
Published: May 2023

Background:

Early treatment of COVID-19 patients could reduce hospitalization and death. The effect of corticosteroids in the outpatient setting is still unknown. This study aimed to determine the effect of corticosteroids in the prevention of hospitalization of nonsevere cases.

Materials and Methods:

This study is a multicenter randomized controlled trial. Seventy five nonsevere COVID-19 patients presented between days 7 and 14 of their symptoms received either prednisolone or placebo. The primary outcome was hospitalization. The study protocol was registered in the Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials on December 2, 2020 (IRCT20171219037964N2).

Results:

Although the rate of hospitalization in the prednisolone group was higher than the placebo group (10.8% vs. 7.9%, respectively), it was not statistically significant (P value.,6). One patient in each group reported an adverse event and withdrew the medication.

Conclusion:

Considering the null effect of corticosteroids in the prevention of hospitalization in outpatient settings, it is suggested not to consider corticosteroids for outpatient treatment.
Evaluation of the Preventive Effects of Neostigmine Plus Atropine on Post-Dural Puncture Headache
Authors: Ahmadzade Zahra , Golparvar Mohammad , Sepiani Shahram
Published: May 2023

Background:

Post-dural puncture headache (PDPH) is one of the most common side effects of spinal anesthesia. Several strategies and drugs have been suggested for the treatment and/or prevention of this headache. The aim of this study is evaluating the effects of intravenous prescription of neostigmine plus atropine 15 minutes after dural puncture on incidence and severity of PDPH during 5 days of follow-up in the setting of lower limb orthopedic surgeries.

Materials and Methods:

In a randomized, controlled, double-blind clinical trial, 99 patients of lower limb orthopedic surgeries were randomized into study (49 patients) and control groups (50 patients). Fifteen minutes after dural puncture, participants in the two groups intravenously took neostigmine (40 μg/kg) plus atropine (20 μg/kg) and placebo (normal saline), respectively. Side effects of the studied drugs and incidence, severity, and duration of PDPH were evaluated 5 days after surgery.

Results:

A total of 20 patients in the study group and 31 in the control group showed a headache-with-PDPH profile during 5 days of follow-up (P-value = 0.035). The mean duration of PDPH was 1.15 ± 0.48 and 1.32 ± 0.54 days in the study and control groups, respectively (P-value = 0.254).

Conclusion:

Preventive administration of 40 μg/kg neostigmine plus 20 μg/kg of atropine may be effective in reducing the incidence and severity of PDPH after spinal anesthesia in lower limb orthopedic surgeries.
Acoustic Trauma in Soldiers: Pure-Tone Audiometry versus Distortion Product Otoacoustic Emissions as a Tool for Early Detection
Authors: Gupta Atul , Raj Poonam , Sood Amit , Raghavan Anil
Published: May 2023

Background:

Acoustic trauma is the sudden hearing loss that results following exposure to a single intense sound. Military environments inherently expose its personnel to very high levels of noise. Early detection of temporary or permanent hearing damage in soldiers following acoustic trauma and identification of their susceptibility to noise exposure is of utmost importance to better protect and prevent hearing deterioration. Conventionally, pure-tone audiometry (PTA) has been used as a screening method to detect hearing threshold shift following noise exposure. However, research now suggests distortion product otoacoustic emission (DPOAE) as a more sensitive tool to detect early changes in hearing thresholds following acoustic trauma. The aim of this study is to compare PTA and DPOAE for the early detection of acoustic trauma in soldiers.

Methods:

A prospective cohort multicentric study was conducted over a 2-year duration at 5 military hospitals on 1500 newly inducted recruits with no previous exposure to firing. After a thorough history taking and a comprehensive ENT examination, PTA and DPOAE tests were conducted at three intervals: before firing (initial evaluation), 2 h after firing (mid-evaluation), and 7 days after firing (final evaluation). The symptoms presented by the recruits were also analyzed. Statistical analysis between the two modalities of investigation to detect early acoustic trauma was done using Chi-square test.

Results:

Four hundred and eighty-seven recruits (36.07%) developed temporary threshold shifts and 103 (7.6%) had permanent threshold shifts. The most common symptom at mid-evaluation was tinnitus (501; 37.11%) while the least common symptom reported was isolated dizziness (10; 0.74%). At final evaluation, the most common symptom was found to be tinnitus (132; 9.77%).

Conclusion:

PTA and DPOAE can both be effectively used as a tool of measurement for the detection of early acoustic trauma, though being an objective test DPOAE has the advantage of eliminating subjective variation.
The Outcome of a Single-Stage Endoscopic Tympanoplasty with Septoplasty Using Autologous Septal Cartilage Graft in Patients with Mucosal Chronic Otitis Media and Deviated Nasal Septum
Authors: Singh Chandra Veer , Jain Shraddha
Published: May 2023

Background:

Single-stage endoscopic tympanoplasty with septoplasty using autologous septal cartilage graft in patients with mucosal chronic otitis media and deviated nasal septum had resulted in successful repair of the tympanic membrane perforation and correction of the deviated nasal septum with improved eustachian tube dysfunction at the same time.

Aims and Objectives:

To study the structural and functional outcome of single-stage endoscopic Type 1 tympanoplasty using autologous septal cartilage graft after septoplasty in patients having mucosal chronic otitis media and deviated nasal septum.

Material and Methods:

We prospectively analysed 102 patients with chronic mucosal otitis media and central perforation of the tympanic membrane and deviated nasal septum with Eustachian tube dysfunction. The patients underwent endoscopic Type I tympanoplasty using an autologous septal cartilage graft with a thickness of approximately 0.5 mm that was harvested during endoscopic septoplasty. Morphological and functional results were recorded at 1, 6 and 12 month follow ups.

Result:

All patients were between years of age 31 to 40 years (31%). The average age of the study subject was 33.38 ± 12.63 years, with the male to female ratio of 1.31. Postoperatively the patients were looked for the acceptance of the cartilage graft and hearing gain. Of the total 102 patients, in 90 patients, eardrums perforations were closed satisfactorily, and 12 patients suffered from residual perforation (12%). On the functional front the mean pre-operative hearing loss of 40.98 ± 8.71 dB, improved significantly to 32 ± 9.06 dB postoperatively (P-value < 0.001). with a mean gain of 8.98 dB. Also, the mean pre-operative Air-Bone gap (27 ± 9.13 dB) was reduced postoperatively (13.82 ± 8.45 dB) (P-value < 0.001). Thus, improvement was noted to be 13.18 dB.

Conclusion:

Endoscopic cartilage tympanoplasty with autologous septal cartilage graft of the nose is a safe and effective way for Type I tympanoplasty with good structural and functional results and added benefits of reduced operating time, optimal graft uptake rate, minimal morbidity and pain and more importantly, ear surgery without a postauricular scar.
Double-Layer Fascial Grafts in Type I Tympanoplasty for Subtotal Perforation: A Case–Control Study
Authors: Elsheikh Ezzeddin , El-Anwar Mohammad Waheed , Nofal Ahmed Abdelfattah
Published: May 2023

Objective:

The objective of this study was to assess the double-layer temporalis fascia grafting for myringoplasty for subtotal tympanic membrane (TM) perforation regarding graft uptake and hearing gain.

Patients and Methods:

The study included 60 patients with subtotal TM perforation attributed to tubotympanic suppurative otitis media. Myringoplasty was done through a postauricular approach using the underlay technique by two layers of the temporalis fascia grafts in the study group and one layer of the temporalis fascia graft in the control group. The procedure was considered successful if there was no residual TM perforation within the follow-up period.

Results:

Within included 60 patients, 30 patients in the study included 60 patients, 30 patients in the study group (11 males and 19 females) and 30 patients in the control group (9 males and 21 females). The success rate of TM healing was 100% in the case group and 87.7% in the control group with significant difference (P = 0.038). The hearing gains (>10 dB) were reported in 96.7% in the case group while it was 70% in the control group which is significantly better (P = 0.00558).

Conclusion:

The double-layer temporalis fascia graft is effective for both postoperative graft taking and hearing improvement for subtotal (Grade 4) TM perforation.
A Comparative Study of Endoscopic versus Microscopic Tympanoplasty in Chronic Otitis Media
Authors: Bishnoi Sandeep , Singhal Pawan , Nirwan Siddharth , Bansal Kshitiz , Gupta Nishant , Raj Mansi , Verma Samta , Jangir Jitendra Kumar , Jat Kailash Singh , Sharma Anjani Kumar
Published: May 2023

Background:

To compare the results between tympanoplasty performed with transcanal endoscopic ear surgery and microscopic ear surgery for the treatment of chronic otitis media.

Materials and Methods:

A double-blind randomized prospective study was performed on inactive chronic otitis media patients that underwent tympanoplasty and later follow-up for at least 6 months in terms of graft uptake and hearing gain. Seventy patients were selected and randomized in Group A-endoscopic tympanoplasty and Group B-microscopic tympanoplasty.

Results:

In our study, we found that the graft take up rate was 94.3% (33/35) in Group A and 91.4% (32/35) in Group B. The improvements in the air-conduction levels and the air-bone gaps were not significantly different between the two groups (P > 0.05). The average hearing gains in the endoscopic group postsurgery were 10.51 ± 4.71 dB and in the microscopic group were 12.23 ± 4.72 dB (P = 0.132). The average operating time was 37.77 ± 5.33 min in the endoscopic group which was better than the microscopic group which was 45.77 ± 5.29 min, (P < 0.001).

Conclusion:

Endoscopic tympanoplasty technique is a feasible alternative to the conventional microscopic technique owing to the findings in terms of duration of surgery and graft uptake. In addition, the endoscopic approach provides better postoperative cosmesis, patient satisfaction, and early mobilization.
A colic mesothelial cyst, mimicking an appendicular mucocoele in an elderly patient: A case report and a literature review
Authors: Sekkat Hamza , El Hamzaoui Jihane , Armel Kouassi Serge Kouamé , Naddouri Jaouad , Jahid Ahmed , Elouarith Ihssan , El Bakali Youness , Raiss Mohammed , Sabbah Farid , Hrora Abdelmalek , El Alaoui Mouna Mhamdi
Published: May 2023

Benign cystic mesothelioma is a very rare and uncommon lesion, first reported by Plaut in 1928. It affects young women of reproductive age. It is usually asymptomatic or has non-specific symptoms. Diagnosis remains difficult despite the evolution of imaging, and the histopathological study is the key examination to make the diagnosis. Surgery remains the only curative treatment, regardless of significant rate of recurrence, and until today, no consensus on the therapeutic strategy is established.
Establishment of a nomogram model in predicting risk factors of post-operative complications after laparoscopic anterior resection for rectal cancer
Authors: Huang Zhulan , Li Peng , Tang Min , Liu Jianya
Published: May 2023

Objective:

We aimed to analyse the risk factors of complications after laparoscopic anterior resection of rectal cancer, and to establish a nomogram prediction model and evaluate its accuracy.

Patients and Methods:

We retrospectively analysed the clinical data of 180 patients undergoing laparoscopic anterior resection of rectal cancer. Univariate analysis and multivariate logistic regression analysis were used to screen the potential risk factors of post-operative complications of Grade II and establish a nomogram model. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and Hosmer–Lemeshow goodness-of-fit test were used to evaluate the discrimination and coincidence of the model, and the calibration curve was used to internally verify.

Results:

A total of 53 patients (29.4%) with rectal cancer had Grade II post-operative complications. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that age (odds ratio [OR] =1.085, P < 0.001), body mass index ≥24 kg/m2 (OR = 2. 763, P = 0. 008), tumour diameter ≥5 cm (OR = 3. 572, P = 0.002), tumour distance from anal margin ≤6 cm (OR = 2.729, P = 0.012) and operation time ≥180 min (OR = 2.243, P = 0.032) were independent risk factors for Grade II post-operative complications. The area under the ROC was 0.782 (95% confidence interval: 0.706–0.858, sensitivity: 66.0%, specificity: 76.4%) in the nomogram prediction model. Hosmer–Lemeshow goodness-of-fit test showed χ
2 = 9.350, P = 0.314.

Conclusion:

Based on five independent risk factors, the nomogram prediction model has a good predictive performance for post-operative complications after laparoscopic anterior resection of rectal cancer, which is helpful to early identify high-risk people and formulate clinical intervention measures.
The outcome of 100 patients with achalasia cardia following laparoscopic Heller myotomy with blunt dissection technique
Authors: Chauhan Vivek , Nekarakanti Phani Kumar , Balachandra Deepak , Choudhary Devendra , Sachdeva Sanjeev , Nag Hirdaya Hulas
Published: May 2023

Background:

Laparoscopic Heller myotomy (LHM) can be performed by blunt dissection technique (BDT). Only a few studies have assessed long-term outcomes and relief of dysphagia following LHM. The study reviews our long-term experience following LHM by BDT.

Methods:

This retrospective study was analysed from a prospectively maintained database (from 2013 to 2021) of a single unit of the Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery at G. B. Pant Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, New Delhi. The myotomy was performed by BDT in all patients. A fundoplication was added in selected patients. Post-operative Eckardt score >3 was considered treatment failure.

Results:

A total of 100 patients underwent surgery during the study period. Of them, 66 patients underwent LHM, 27 underwent LHM with Dor fundoplication and 7 underwent LHM with Toupet fundoplication. The median length of myotomy was 7 cm. The mean operative time was 77 ± 29.27 min and the mean blood loss of 28.05 ± 16.06 ml. Five patients had intraoperative oesophageal perforation. The median length of hospital stay was 2 days. There was no hospital mortality. The post-operative integrated relaxation pressure (IRP) was significantly lower than the mean pre-operative IRP (9.78 vs. 24.77). Eleven patients developed treatment failure, of which ten patients presented with recurrence of dysphagia. There was no difference in symptom-free survival amongst various types of achalasia cardia (P = 0.816).

Conclusion:

LHM performed by BDT has a 90% success rate. Complication using this technique is rare, and recurrence post-surgery can be managed with endoscopic dilatation.
Laparoscopic management of the congenital chylous ascites in a newborn: Case report
Authors: Zahradnikova Petra , Pechanova Rebeka , Fedorova Lenka , Jager Rene , Nedomova Barbora , Babala Jozef
Published: May 2023

Congenital chylous ascites (CCA) is a rare condition seen in the neonatal period. The pathogenesis is primarily related to congenital intestinal lymphangiectasis. Conservative treatment of chylous ascites involves paracentesis, total parenteral nutrition (TPN), medium-chain triglyceride (MCT)-based milk formula, use of somatostatin analogue and octreotide. Surgical treatment is considered when conservative treatment fails. We describe a laparoscopic treatment of CCA using the fibrin glue technique. A male infant, in whom foetal ascites was detected at 19 weeks of gestation, was born by caesarean section at 35 weeks of gestation weighing 3760 g. There was evidence of hydrops in the foetal scan. A diagnosis of chylous ascites was made by abdominal paracentesis. A magnetic resonance scan was suggestive of gross ascites, and no lymphatic malformation was identified. TPN and octreotide infusion was started and continued for 4 weeks, but the ascites persisted. The failure of conservative treatment led us to perform laparoscopic exploration. Intraoperatively, chylous ascites and multiple prominent lymphatic vessels around the root of the mesentery were noted. The fibrin glue was applied over the leaking mesenteric lymphatic vessels in the duodenopancreatic region. Oral feeding was started from post-operative day 7. After 2 weeks of the MCT formula, ascites progressed. Thus, laparoscopic exploration was necessary. We introduced an endoscopic applicator for fibrin glue and applied it into the place of leakage. The patient was doing well with no appearance of ascites reaccumulating and was discharged on the 45th post-operative day. Follow-up ultrasonography (1st, 3rd and 9th months after discharge) showed a small amount of ascitic fluid but with no clinical significance. Laparoscopic localisation and ligation of leakage sites could be difficult, especially in newborns and young infants due to the small size of lymphatic vessels. The use of fibrin glue to seal the lymphatic vessels is quite promising.
Acceptance, Hesitancy, and Refusal of Coronavirus Disease 2019 Vaccine and Associated Factors in the Population of Libya: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Ismail Faisal , Farag Atiya , Alsharif Fatma , Albakoush Ashraf , Haq Soghra , Zorgani Abdulaziz
Published: May 2023

Background and Aims:

To obtain herd immunity and control the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection, a large proportion of the population must be vaccinated. However, not everyone in Libya believes in the necessity or safety of COVID-19 vaccines. Therefore, understanding the reasons and variables impacting vaccine hesitation in the Libyan population will assist in developing strategies to reduce this hesitation and achieve better vaccination levels in the country. This study aimed to investigate the acceptance, hesitancy, and refusal of the COVID-19 vaccine and the factors that influence COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy and denial in the Libyan population.

Methods:

A cross-sectional survey using a snowball sampling strategy to collect data was conducted between February and May 2022. Descriptive statistics and the Chi-square test were used for data analysis. Study questionnaires were distributed using social media.

Results:

The overall COVID-19 vaccine acceptance was 39.7%, vaccine hesitancy was 36.6%, and vaccine refusal was 23.6% among the study participants. The highest refusal rate was among participants aged 12–24 years, 49 out of 91 (53.8%). Vaccine refusal was similar in males and females; however, vaccine acceptance was higher among females than males. Vaccine acceptance was higher in people with a higher graduate degree than those less educated (P = 0001).

Conclusion:

Our findings show that vaccine hesitancy was 36.6% and vaccine refusal was 23.6% among the study participants. The study identified reasons for vaccine hesitancy and refusal and proposed education programs to address misbeliefs about the COVID-19 vaccine, allowing people to make informed decisions.
Immediate Flapless Implant Placement in a Smoker Patient
Authors: Aradya A , Chowdhary R , Srinivas S
Published: May 2023

The objective of this case report was to restore the young patient with missing teeth and extruded tooth using an immediate implant and synthetic bone graft material for the esthetic and comfort purpose. A 21-year young man reported extrusion of a tooth as well as missing teeth. Clinical examination revealed missing teeth in relation to (irt) 11 and 21, extrusion of tooth in relation to (irt) 12, patient had generalized fluorosis, and localized marginal gingivitis with melanin pigmentation. The patient is a known smoker, and he was advised the cessation of smoking before the treatment. This paper describes a step-by-step approach to different treatment phases, starting with surgical guide fabrication, immediate implant surgical procedures, bone grafting procedure, and later prosthesis fabrication. Follow-up resulted in a satisfactory outcome.
The Effects of Disinfection with Er, Cr
Authors: Ersan Z , Yazicioğlu I , Serin AB , Doğan MC
Published: May 2023

Background:

The effects of commonly used antimicrobial and anticariogenic agents on the adhesion of pit and fissure sealants were investigated in this study.

Aims:

The aim of this study is to evaluate the effects of erbium, chromium: yttrium-scandium-gallium-garnet (Er, Cr:YSGG) laser disinfection, casein phosphopeptides–amorphous calcium phosphate (CPP–ACP) containing paste and sodium hypochlorite application before the placement of a resin-based pit and fissure sealant on the shear bond strength of primary tooth enamel.

Materials and Methods:

The shear bond strength test evaluated the bond strength of sealants on the buccal enamel surfaces of primary molar teeth. The study groups were pit and fissure sealant without any preapplication, pre application of disinfection with Er, Cr:YSGG laser, disinfection with Er, Cr:YSGG laser and CPP–ACP containing paste, sodium hypochlorite, sodium hypochlorite and CPP–ACP containing paste and CPP–ACP containing paste. The pit and fissure sealants were placed using 4 mm diameter, 2 mm height cylindrical plastic tubes. Shear force was applied to each sample. The surfaces of the broken samples were detected under stereomicroscope and were grouped as adhesive, cohesive, and mixed. The results of the study were evaluated using the SPSS 16.0 package program for statistical analysis

Results:

The groups where sodium hypochlorite and sodium hypochlorite with CPP-ACP were applied showed the lowest bond strength (p < 0.05). It was observed that most of the failures in these groups were adhesive-type failures. No significant difference was observed between the shear bond strengths of the other groups (p < 0.05).

Conclusions:

Er, Cr: YSGG laser and CPP-ACP containing paste are alternative methods for pre-application of fissure sealants.
Study of Pharyngeal Airway Morphology with CBCT
Authors: Fang MR , Yan XZ , Ni JL , Gu YG , Meng L , Yuan LC , Cai HY , Wang LR , Qin JW , Cai Q , Zhang Y , Guo SY
Published: May 2023

Background and Aim:

Four premolars extractions are routine procedures for correction of malocclusion, but will inevitably lead to a reduction of tongue space, whether this will weaken the pharyngeal airway remains a controversy.

Patients and Methods:

Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) radiographs of 80 patients who completed four premolar extraction orthodontic treatments were collected and divided into three anteroposterior skeletal groups according to the ANB (angle subspinale to nasion to supramentale) value. Linear, angular, cross-sectional area, and volumetric dimensions of the pharyngeal airway were measured using Dolphin Imaging 11.9 software. One-way analysis of variance and Pearson's correlation coefficient test were performed to assess the intergroup comparisons. Treatment changes were evaluated with two-sample t-tests.

Results:

In intergroup comparisons, vertical linear and cross-sectional area differences were identified in S-Go/N-Me, VD1, VD1/N-Me, VD2/N-Me, AA, OAA and OMINI (p<0.05), while other measurements showed no significant differences. Angle2, the tilting degree of the pharyngeal airway, showed a positive correlation with ANB (p<0.05). As for the treatment changes, a significant increase was found in the pharyngeal airway in the Class I group (OUA p<0.05, VD1 p<0.001, VD2 p<0.05) and Class II group (VD1 p<0.001. VD2, p<0.05), and inversely, a significant decrease was found in the pharyngeal airway in the Class III group (OAA p<0.05, OMINI p<0.05, OUA p<0.05). No volumetric difference was identified. Interestingly, regarding the preoperative pharyngeal airway size, values trended to the mean value significantly.

Conclusion:

Four premolar extraction orthodontic treatments did not affect the pharyngeal airway volume except for the vertical liner and cross-sectional area dimensions. The trend of the gold standard suggested a positive influence of four premolar extraction orthodontic treatments.
A Successful Reconstruction of the Upper Antihelix Defect via Postauricular Pull-Through Pedicle Flap
Authors: Maciulaitis T , Venciute-Stankevice R , Jakutis N
Published: May 2023

The auricle is a complex anatomic structure with a three-dimensional configuration proper reinstating that poses a substantial reconstructive challenge. The postauricular pull-through flap is perfectly suitable method for the reconstruction of helical and antihelical auricle defects; however, due to its difficult harvest technique, it is not commonly used in a practice. Here we describe a case of a patient with an antihelix defect following basal cell carcinoma (BCC). In our case, the reconstruction was performed via postauricular pull-through pedicle flap, and a satisfactory result was achieved.
Evaluation of the effect of anodization-colored titanium abutments and zirconia substructure thickness on zirconia substructure color
Authors: Bas BB , Cakan U
Published: May 2023

Background and Aim:

The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of anodized titanium abutments and zirconia substructure thickness on the color of zirconia substructure.

Materials and Methods:

In this study, an electrochemical anodization setup was prepared for titanium coloring. Commercial titanium, anodization-colored yellow and pink titanium, and zirconia were used as different abutment specimens. Thirty zirconia discs in 0.7, 0.9, and 1.1 mm thickness were prepared from zirconia blocks as zirconia substructure specimens (n = 10). Zirconia substructure specimens of different thicknesses were placed on abutment specimens of different colors and L*, a*, b* values were measured with a spectrophotometer device. Color difference (ΔE) was calculated according to the CIELab formula by comparing the L*, a*, and b* values obtained on the zirconia abutment with the L*, a*, and b* values obtained on the other abutments. Statistical analyzes were performed with two-way analysis of variance and Tukey Honestly Significant Difference (HSD)test (p < 0.05).

Results:

The increase in the thickness of the substructure resulted in a statistically significant difference on ΔE, L*, a*, and b* values (p < 0.001). The effect of abutment color had no significant effect on ΔE values. The highest ΔE value was 18.10 at zirconia substructure with 0.7 mm thickness when paired with pink-anodized titanium abutment specimens.

Conclusion:

The thickness of zirconia substructure and the color of titanium abutments affect zirconia substructure color.
Effect of nutritional-deficiency anemia on peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer: A North Indian study
Authors: Gupta Sushobhan Das , Dhawan Aeshwarya , Kakkar Ashish , Shakeel Tarannum , Verma Amit
Published: May 2023

PURPOSE:

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of nutritional-deficiency anemia (NDA) on peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer thickness (PPRNFLT) using spectral-domain optical coherence tomography and to determine any correlation arising thereof. This was a single-center, cross-sectional, observational study.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

A total 115 eyes of 115 NDA patients (50 of each with iron-deficiency anemia [IDA] and Vitamin B12-deficiency anemia [BDA], and 15 with folic acid-deficiency anemia [FDA]) aged 18–65 years were compared with a total 100 eyes of 50 age- and sex-matched healthy controls. All subjects underwent comprehensive clinical, ophthalmic, and hematological evaluation, followed by PPRNFLT assessment for the mean total, superior, inferior, nasal, and temporal quadrants.

RESULTS:

PPRNFLT for the mean total and all four quadrants in IDA patients, for the mean total, inferior, nasal, and temporal quadrants in BDA patients, and for the mean total, inferior, and nasal quadrants, in FDA patients, was significantly lower as compared to the controls (P < 0.05). The mean total PPRNFLT of all NDA patients correlated significantly (P < 0.05) with their relevant hematological parameters with Pearson’s coefficient (r) value of 0.613, 0.610, 0.336, 0.295, 0.337, 0.374, and − 0.509, respectively, for serum haemoglobin (Hb), iron, ferritin, mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean cell hemoglobin, mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration, and total iron binding capacity in IDA; 0.310, 0.435, and − 0.386, respectively, for serum Hb%, Vitamin B12, and MCV in BDA; and 0.557, 0.358, and − 0.294 for Hb%, folate, and MCV, respectively, in FDA cases. Mean total retinal nerve fiber layer thinning of all NDA patients showed progression with the increasing severity grades of anemia, except in very severe BDA where an inverse relationship was documented.

CONCLUSION:

Our study revealed that PPRNFLT is significantly thinner in all NDA patients (total and all four quadrants in IDA; total, inferior, nasal, and temporal in BDA; and total, inferior, and nasal in FDA) correlating well with their relevant hematological parameters. Early detection of this may be crucial in preventing potential blinding sequelae and differentiating glaucomatous and other neuro-ophthalmic disorders.
Anterior lamellar recession versus bilamellar tarsal rotation in upper lid cicatricial trichiasis
Authors: Ezzeldin Ezzeldin Ramadan , Elgazzar Akram Fekry , Hussein Mostafa Osman , Abbas Ibrahim Ezzat Nabil , Tharwat Ehab
Published: May 2023

PURPOSE:

In recent years, there has been a significant shift from this destructive procedure to a reconstructive procedure such as anterior lamellar recession (ALR) and bilamellar tarsal rotation (BLTR). The aim is to report the outcomes and success rates of ALR compared to BLTR in patients with upper lid cicatricial trichiasis.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

Our study is a prospective, interventional, comparative study that was conducted at the Ophthalmology Department of Al-Azhar University Hospital, New Damietta, Egypt. Our study was conducted on 62 eyes of 45 consecutive patients suffering from upper lid cicatricial trichiasis that required surgical intervention (17 patients were bilateral and 28 were unilateral). Thirty-three of them were treated by ALR (group 1), and 29 of them by BLTR (group 2). All statistical analysis was performed using the SPSS version 26.

RESULTS:

As regards the immediate postoperative correction, we found that adequate correction was significantly higher in the ALR group at all follow-up periods (P < 0.05). However, the overcorrection and undercorrection were significantly higher in the BLTR group (P < 0.05). Compared to the ALR group, the BLTR group saw a greater undercorrection at 1, 3, and 6 months (9.3%% vs. 0%; P = 0.048, 18.6% vs. 1.8%%; P = 0.009, 18.6%% vs. 1.8%; P = 0.009, 18.6%% vs. 1.8%; P = 0.009, respectively).

CONCLUSION:

ALR is better than BLTR in the treatment of upper lid cicatricial trichiasis.
Optical coherence tomography angiography-guided diagnosis of a traumatic choroidal rupture-associated choroidal neovasular membrane and its management with intravitreal ranibizumab
Authors: Saraswat Neeraj K. , Samanta Ramanuj , Puthalath Athul S. , Luthra Saurabh , Sood Gitanjli , Mittal Sanjeev K.
Published: May 2023

A 25-year-old female presented with sudden onset diminution of vision in the right eye (oculus dextrus [OD]) following blunt trauma after a sports injury. Ocular examination revealed best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) of 20/30 in OD and fundus revealed commotio retinae, localized preretinal bleed, and a large choroidal rupture (CR). She was managed conservatively at that moment. Three months following trauma, she returned with further deterioration of BCVA (20/80) in OD. Optical coherence tomography angiogram (OCTA) confirmed the presence of choroidal neovascular membrane (CNVM). She was treated with single intravitreal ranibizumab injection. Repeat OCTA after 6 weeks showed the regression of CNVM. Her BCVA improved to 20/30 at 6 months of follow-up. In the index report, we present a unique OCTA guided the diagnosis of posttraumatic CR-associated CNVM and its successful management with single intravitreal ranibizumab.