bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Linkage between satisfaction with colleagues, promotion, nature of work, and three-dimensional organizational commitment
Authors: Rai Arjun , Bahadur Budhathoki Prem , Kumar Rai Chandra
Published: February 2021

Employees’ job satisfaction is a leading factor in determining their organizational commitment. The organizational commitment level affects the employees’ decision to leave or remain in their organization. The banking sector of Nepal has been facing a problem of high employee mobility from one bank to another. In the backdrop of this context, this survey intends to examine the effect of satisfaction with colleagues, promotion, and the nature of work on the three dimensions of organizational commitment using the Ordinary Least Squares model in the context of private bank employees in Nepal. This study used a survey method to collect data from 199 employees working in private banks in Nepal, using a standardized questionnaire. The collected data were coded, entered, and processed in Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 25. The outcomes of the study – satisfaction with the colleagues, promotion, and the nature of the work – had a significant positive impact on the affective and normative commitment of the employees, but the regressors had an insignificant effect on continuance commitment. The employees’ satisfaction from their colleagues, promotion, and the nature of work positively improves their affective and normative commitment. Nevertheless, this study found the predictor variables as irrelevant factors for explaining the continuance commitment of the employees in the context of the study. This study’s contribution is the idea of how satisfaction with colleagues, promotion, and work nature contribute to the three dimensions of organizational commitment among Nepalese private bank employees.
An anomaly detection method for rotating machinery monitoring based on the most representative data
Authors: Lis Antoni , Dworakowski Ziemowit , Czubak Piotr
Published: February 2021

With the development of concepts of industry 4.0, condition monitoring techniques are changing. Large amounts of generated data require diagnostic procedures to be automated, which drives the need for new and better methods of autonomous interpretations of vibration condition monitoring data. However, if new methods are to be operational, they need to be verified under real industrial conditions and compared with well-established expert-based diagnostic techniques. This article introduces the novel algorithm of data preprocessing for the nearest-neighbor-based anomaly detection. This approach is validated on real industrial machinery in a series of case studies. The population of over-hung centrifugal fans, employed in the same industrial process, were monitored continuously according to the proposed methodology for an extended time period. Piezoceramic accelerometers were used to register time-domain vibration data. The data were processed to extract several signal features to serve as inputs to the anomaly detection algorithm. The novel solution is compared to the well-established condition monitoring approach. Presented data include not only the intact state of machinery but also a machine breakdown case and serious deterioration of the machine condition. The influence of maintenance work is also presented in the article. Authors show the data-driven approach to condition monitoring, which can be used as one of many predictive maintenance techniques.
СУЩЕСТВУЮЩИЕ ВОЗМОЖНОСТИ И ПЕРСПЕКТИВЫ ЛАПАРОСКОПИЧЕСКОЙ ГЕРНИОРАФИИ
Authors: Мяконький Р.В. , Каплунов К.О.
Published: February 2021

Over the past quarter century, the number of operations for an umbilical hernia among gracenotea increased from 5 to 14%. The article considers the author's method of a laparoscopic hernioraphy as an independent method of a hernioplasty and presents its possibilities as a way to improve the cosmetic effect in a minimally invasive surgical treatment of an umbilical hernia. The clinical example is described in which the proposed hernioraphy was used in a combination with a mesh implant in IPOM-plasty in the patient with the presence of a combined (umbilical and trocar) hernia. A laparoscopic hernioraphy is a relatively easily reproducible technique, economically attractive and quite effective in terms of "fast track" surgery and hospital-preserving technologies that allow to restore the ability to work of the operated patient in the shortest possible time.
SHAY'S LESIONS OF THE GASTRIC MUCOSA IN EXPERIMENTAL SIMULATION: THE RELEVANCE AND PROSPECTS (LITERATURE REVIEW)
Authors: И.Л. Привалова , Р.В. Волобуев
Published: February 2021

An analytical review of studies using the ligation of pylorus in rats by Shay for simulation acute lesions of the gastric mucosa was conducted. The substantiation of the method is given, the method of its implementation and the method of evaluation of the results are described in detail. The article discusses the scientific value of the method of ligation the pylorus in rats in the experiment, as well as modern aspects of its use.
ОСОБЕННОСТИ КЛИНИЧЕСКИХ ПРОЯВЛЕНИЙ И КОМОРБИДНАЯ ПАТОЛОГИЯ ПРИ ЗАБОЛЕВАНИЯХ ЖЕЛУДОЧНО-КИШЕЧНОГО ТРАКТА У ДЕТЕЙ
Authors: Телегина И.А. , Музалева Ю.А. , Матвиенко Е.В.
Published: February 2021

The objective of the study is to research clinical manifestations and structure of concomitant diseases among children with gastroduodenal tract diseases. During researching 110 case histories of children with chronic gastroduodenitis and peptic ulcer disease (PUD) hospitalized in the II pediatric department of Kursk Incidence of PUD and chronic gastroduodenitis is higher in age 12-18 years old. Gender differences were identified: among children less than 11 years incidence is higher among girls, but over 11 years old  among boys. Speaking about comorbid diseases, reactive pancreatitis is the most common and mostly co-occurs with chronic gastriduodenitis. The most common manifestation of dyspepsia is nausea identified in more than half of the children. Children with ulcer are more prone to vomiting, heartburn and belching. Patients observed for chronic gastroduodenitis mostly had pain in the umbilical region and the right hypochondrium, constipation
ПСИХОЛОГИЧЕСКОЕ ФОРМИРОВАНИЕ ВНУТРЕННИХ ЦЕННОСТЕЙ У ПОДРОСТКОВ С ДЕВИАНТНЫМ ПОВЕДЕНИЕМ
Authors: Хачатрян А.А.
Published: February 2021

Based on the results of theoretical analysis of the problem of internal values of the individual, it was found that the formation of the value-semantic sphere occurs in stages. One of the stages of formation occurs during adolescence. Due to the current leading activity, the formation of a certain system of values of adolescents is influenced by the values accepted in the reference group of peers. The main task is to study the hierarchy of values in relation to deviant behavior. The study of the hierarchy of personal life values was conducted using the "Value orientations" method by Milton Rokich with the participation of 120 students (average age 19 years) in Belorechensk. For some students, this method seemed difficult, in understanding the presented statements and building a certain system of values that are currently significant for them. According to the results of the study, it was found that the group of students with deviant behavior is characterized by such values of the goal as freedom of choice and independence from parental control, and the desire to act according to their beliefs, while social norms do not regulate such behavior of a teenager. As well as the desire for a fun, measured life, lack of control on the part of parents, teachers and society in achieving their goals.
Synergistic Extraction of Europium (III) using Di-n-Butylsulfoxide and
Picrolonic Acid
Authors: Menaa Farid , Rehman Wajid , Fazil Srosh , Liaqat Khurram , Khan Muhammad Haleem , Khan Mohammad Mansoob , Siraj ul Haq  , Sajid Muhammad , Farooq Muhammad , Menaa Bouzid , Hafeez Muhammad
Published: February 2021

Aim and Objective:

Europium (Eu(III))isa rare-earth metal, the softest, least dense, and most volatile member of lanthanides. It is greatly applied in control rods of nuclear reactors. Although various extraction methods of Eu(III)have been reported, we present a novel mixture ofeasily available extractants in optimizedexperimental conditions to extract it efficiently, quickly, and cost-effectively.

Materials and Methods:

Physical-chemical conditions (e.g. pH, equilibration time, temperature, europium concentration, extractants concentration, presence of specific metal ions) were optimized. The extractantspicrolonic acid (HPA) and di-n-butylsulfoxide (DBSO) were thoroughly mixed at equal concentrationin chloroform. Standard Eu(III) solution was used for method accuracy.Reagent blank was prepared under identical conditions but without metal ions.Using the metallochromic dye arsenazoIII as blank, absorbance of Eu(III) was measured spectrophotometricallyat 651 nm. Distribution ratio (i.e.Eu(III) concentration in aqueous phase before and after extraction) defined the extraction yield.

Results:

HPA/DBSO mixture (0.01 M)had a synergistic effect on Eu(III) extraction (1.19×10-5 mole/dm3) achieving a maximum yield (≥99%) at pH2, during 5 minutes equilibration,atroom temperature.Eu(III) extraction was reduced depending on the nature but not on the metal ions concentration. Extractants could be recycled four times without consequent degradation. Deionized water (dH2O) was the best strippantbesides its availability and low-cost. The composition of the extracted adduct was defined as Eu(PA)3.2DBSO.

Conclusion:

This alternative method was stable, simple, rapid, cost-effective, reliable, accurate and sensitive.It could be used forEu(III) extraction and refining on a pilot plant scale.
Pharmacokinetics and Efficacy of Ceftriaxone in Staphylococcal Mastitis in Crossbred Cows Following Single Intravenous Administration
Authors: Buragohain Rinku , Sar Tapas K. , Biswas Ujjwal , Samanta Indranil , Mandal Tapan K.
Published: February 2021

Background:

Clinical mastitis is an important production disease of dairy animals, causing significant
economic losses.

Objective:

Disposition kinetics of ceftriaxone was conducted in healthy lactating and staphylococcal mastitic crossbred
cows in field condition following single-dose intravenous administration of only ceftriaxone.

Methods:

A single dose of ceftriaxone at 20 mg kg-1 body weight was administered intravenously through jugular
vein to six clinically healthy and six mastitic crossbred cows after proper diagnosis and three mastitic cows remained
untreated (positive control). Blood and milk samples were collected at 0 (pre-dosing), 5, 15, 30 min, and 1, 24, 48,
72, 96 and 120 h post drug administration and analyzed for ceftriaxone and its active metabolite (ceftizoxime) by
high-performance liquid chromatography.

Results:

Ceftriaxone achieved a peak mean plasma concentration of 131.67±1.83 μg mL-1 at 5 min, which decreased
sharply until 1 h (35.56±0.44 μg mL-1) and was below detection limit at 24 h post drug administration in mastitic
crossbred cows. On the other hand, ceftizoxime (active metabolite of ceftriaxone) achieved a peak level of
55.42±3.34 μg mL-1 at 72 h and could not be detected at 120 h post drug administration in the milk of those mastitic
crossbred cows. The Staphylococcus aureus colony count in mastitic crossbred cows was 49.33±6.55 × 105 c.f.u./mL
and the lowest colony count was achieved at 72 h with no colony at 120 h post drug administration. All the staphylococcal
mastitis affected crossbred cows were cured on day 5.

Conclusion:

Ceftriaxone may prove to be effective in the treatment of staphylococcal mastitis in crossbred cows
following single-dose intravenous administration at 20 mg kg-1 body weight.
Nutrition Therapy in Pediatric Burns
Authors: Kunduraci Yaseminergul , Garipagaoglu Muazzez
Published: February 2021

Background:

Burns are defined as injuries resulting from exposure to thermal radiation,
electrical or chemical exposure of the skin or organic tissues. It has high mortality and morbidity
in low and middle-income countries.

Objective/Method:

The objective of this study is to evaluate the present knowledge principles of
nutritional therapy for pediatric burns from the dietician's perspective, taking into account the
epidemiology and physiology of the burn. The purpose of burn treatment is to provide survival
and tissue repair and to increase immunity. Therefore, besides fluid electrolyte replacement and
surgical interventions, nutritional therapy is quite important. Nutrition principles should aim to
reduce inflammation and meet hypermetabolic needs.

Results:

In the clinical practice of children suffering from burns, daily energy need is calculated
by adding the recommended energy expenditure to the burn percentage, but the most accurate
method is the use of indirect calorimetry. Protein requirement is around 1.5-3.0 g/kg/day. Carbohydrate
intake should be 55-60% of total energy intake, while lipids should be less than 30%. Vitamin
supplements in the form of a multivitamin are recommended in addition to vitamin A, vitamin
C, and Zinc. In cases where oral intake is insufficient, enteral nutrition should be applied as
soon as possible. When enteral feeding is contraindicated, parenteral nutrition is preferred.

Conclusion:

Evaluating the nutritional status of children and meeting macro and micronutrient
needs accelerate wound healing, shorten hospital stay, and reduce mortality.
An FT-IR Based Investigation of Trehalose Mediated Thermal Stabilisation of Bacillus clausii
Authors: Caccamo Maria T. , Magazù Salvatore
Published: February 2021

Background:

Fourier Transform InfraRed spectroscopy analysis on Bacillus clausii and Bacillus clausii in the presence of trehalose are reported.

Objective:

In order to characterize the thermal response of such systems the InfraRed technique
was employed to collect the spectra from 25.0°C to 80.0°C in the 4000 cm-1-400 cm-1 spectral
range.

Methods:

The data analysis was performed focusing the attention to the intramolecular OH
stretching vibrational region by means evaluating the spectral distance as a function of
temperature.

Results:

From this analysis it emerges that the thermal restraint of Bacillus clausii in the presence
of trehalose is higher in respect to Bacillus clausii alone.

Conclusion:

Such a result, which confirms the bioprotective role of trehalose against external
temperature changes, provides useful information for the applications of the disaccharide in food
industry.
Lorenzo Jurina
Authors: Hayakawa Casas José
Published: February 2021

Lorenzo Jurina, ingeniero civil por el Politécnico de Milán, es profesor asociado de asignaturas sobre Ingeniería Estructural y especialmente del curso “Problemas estructurales en edificios históricos y monumentales” en la Facultad de Arquitectura, Planificación Urbana, Construcción e Ingeniería del Politécnico de Milán desde 1983. Asimismo, es profesor de consolidación de edificios históricos en la Escuela de Posgrado de Patrimonio arquitectónico y Paisaje y en el Doctorado de Conservación de Patrimonio arquitectónico. También es profesor visitante de la Facultad de Ingeniería de la Universidad de Piura (Piura, Perú). Es miembro fundador de AIF, ATE, CIAS y del comité científico de las revistas Recupero e Conservazione, De Lettera Ed., e Ingenio magazine. Destaca su labor como Consultor del Ministerio Italiano de Bienes Culturales, de la UNESCO, de FAI, de World Monuments Fund, Katolikos of Armenia y de varias entidades regionales y obispados en Italia, Armenia y Chile. Es miembro del equipo del Colegio de Ingenieros y Arquitectos de Milán además de As. Icomos-Perú. Su experiencia profesional es vasta y ha desarrollado métodos innovadores en el diagnóstico, el diseño y la consolidación estructural resultando autor de mas de 200 publicaciones y conferencista en congresos nacionales e internacionales sobre estos temas.
Trujillo. Guía de arquitectura y ciudad (1)
Authors: Chang Lam Julio
Published: February 2021

La difusión de la riqueza de los valores históricos y del patrimonio arquitectónico de Trujillo constituyen el objetivo primordial de la primera edición de Trujillo. Guía de Arquitectura y Ciudad 1, un libro que nos brinda una visión panorámica muy didáctica del legado arquitectóni- co que caracteriza a la maravillosa urbe conocida como La ciudad de la eterna primavera.
UNESCO World Heritage. Hwaseong Fortress
Authors: Celis Estrada Diego
Published: February 2021

Por lo general cuando uno piensa en construcciones militares imagina castillos con torres, murallas y portones, o tal vez puede pensar en fortalezas coloniales con baluartes. Es decir, piensa en edificaciones de uso bélico propios de la cultura europea, pero no pensaría en un “Gongsimdon” o en un “Jangdae”. John Keegan en su libro Historia de la guerra sustenta que la forma de conducir la guerra es una manifestación de una sociedad.
Efecto del déficit hídrico durante la fase juvenil sobre el crecimiento y acumulación de prolina en tres genotipos de Phaseolus Vulgaris L.
Authors: Mago Mailyn , Pire Reinaldo , García Marina
Published: February 2021

Se investigó el efecto del déficit hídrico en tres genotipos de Phaseolus vulgaris L., con el objetivo de evaluar su impacto sobre el crecimiento y la acumulación foliar de prolina en fase juvenil. El ensayo se realizó en maceteros en condiciones de invernadero y los genotipos probados fueron Tacarigua, SA 018 y Selección 13. El déficit hídrico se impuso restringiendo el riego hasta alcanzar un potencial hídrico en el sustrato de -0,08 MPa, dejando paralelamente un tratamiento control en el que el potencial hídrico se mantuvo en -0,01 MPa. A los 15 días después de iniciados los tratamientos, se cosecharon cuatro plantas por tratamiento y se determinaron las siguientes variables: área foliar, peso seco de la raíz y del vástago, relación raíz/vástago (R/V) y contenido foliar de prolina. En SA 018 el déficit hídrico redujo significativamente todas las variables de crecimiento, excepto la relación R/V, mientras que en Tacarigua y Selección 13, las mismas no se afectaron. La concentración foliar de prolina no varió significativamente con el déficit hídrico en ninguno de los genotipos. Estos resultados indican que Selección 13 y Tacarigua toleran el déficit hídrico en fase juvenil, mientras que SA 018 es sensible a este factor de estrés.
Особенности спектров люминесценции ZnSе · О с привлечением теории антипересекающихся зон
Authors: Олешко В.И. , Вильчинская С.С. , Морозова Н.К.
Published: February 2021

Investigations are presented in the light of the band anticrossing theory (ВАС) of the influence on the emission spectra of the structural features self-activated zinc selenide and crystals with activators.
The disunity of numerous literature data makes it difficult to understand this question. Theory-ВAС requires taking into account the influence of isoelectronic admixture of oxygen, which is invariably present in the ZnSе lattice, on the zone structure. Improvement of methods for calcu-lating the equilibrium of intrinsic point defects (STD) intendes use of these data in the analysis of the optical properties of АIIВVI, in particular zinc selenide.The aim of thе work was to re-veal the features and nature of individual luminescence bands that are widely used to obtain information on the quality of crystals.For this, the spectra of photo, cathode, pulsed lumines-cence, excitation, and stimulated emission of ZnSе are investigated in a single context with the use of these features. Stable states of crystals with stacking faults were revealed upon introduc-tion of activators or background copper impurity.
The data are of interest for the diagnostics of crystals that are useful for creating lasers.
Влияние разогрева носителей заряда собственным стимулированным пикосекундным излучением в GaAs на линейное возрастание на фронте и длительность спектральной компоненты этого излучения
Authors: Агеева Н.Н. , Броневой И.Л. , Забегаев Д.Н. , Кривоносов А.Н.
Published: February 2021

Во время мощной оптической пикосекундной накачки тонкого слоя GaAs, входящего в состав гетероструктуры AlxGa1-xAs-GaAs-AlxGa1-xAs, в нем возникает интенсивное стимулированное пикосекундное излучение. При анализе измеренных в реальном времени импульсов спектральных компонент излучения установлены коэффициенты экспоненциального, потом линейного усиления компонент на фронте. При этом обнаружено влияние на фронт компонент, оказываемое нагревом носителей заряда излучением. Получена зависимость длительности компоненты (FWHM) от характерных времен возрастания на фронте и релаксации (тоже замедленной нагревом носителей излучением) на спаде компоненты. Ключевые слова: стимулированное пикосекундное излучение, арсенид галлия, спектральные компоненты излучения, коэффициент усиления, характерное время возрастания излучения, характерное время релаксации излучения, разогрев носителей заряда, линейное усиление.
Перенос заряда в тонких слоях стеклообразной гибридной системы Ge-=SUB=-28.5-=/SUB=-Pb-=SUB=-14.5-=/SUB=-Fe-=SUB=-0.5-=/SUB=-S-=SUB=-56.5-=/SUB=-
Authors: Кастро-Арата Р.А. , Грабко Г.И. , Кононов А.А. , Анисимова Н.И. , Крбал М. , Колобов А.В.
Published: February 2021

Представлены результаты исследования процессов переноса заряда в тонких слоях халькогенидной гибридной системы Ge28.5Pb14.5Fe0.5S56.5. Обнаружены степенная зависимость удельной проводимости от частоты и уменьшение значения показателя степени s с увеличением температуры. Перенос заряда является термически активированным процессом с энергией активации Ea=(0.64± 0.02) эВ. Полученные результаты объясняются в рамках модели проводимости в неупорядоченных системах СВН (correlated barrier hopping). Рассчитанная доля неподеленных электронных пар указывает на то, что при введении железа материал остается в стеклообразующей области. Ключевые слова:: прыжковый механизм переноса, тонкие слои, стеклообразная гибридная система, неподеленные электронные пары.
Conceptos fundamentales de producción apícola
Authors: Vásquez Romero Rodrigo Efrén , Martínez Sarmiento Rodrigo Alfredo , Ortega Flórez Nelly Carolina , Maldonado Quintero William Dayam
Published: February 2021

Esta publicación recopila los conocimientos necesarios para iniciar y poner en marcha un negocio apícola, considerando desde la biología de la especie y la instalación de apiarios, hasta los datos sobre mercados y la estimación de costos de producción, conocimientos que han sido acumulados a través de años de investigación y experiencia con las Vitrinas Apícolas de AGROSAVIA
ТРЕНД НА КОМПЛЕКСНЫЕ УСЛУГИ КОНТРАКТНОГО ПРОИЗВОДСТВА ВИЗИТ НА СБОРОЧНО-­МОНТАЖНОЕ ПРОИЗВОДСТВО КОМПАНИИ «РЕЗОНИТ»
Authors: Ковалевский Ю.
Published: February 2021

Контрактные производства в России, а вероятно, и во всем мире, можно разделить на две группы исходя из того, как они появились. Одну группу составляют компании, изначально создавшие производства для изготовления собственной продукции, а уже впоследствии начавшие предлагать услуги контрактной сборки, поскольку их мощности оказались недогружены. Вторая же группа – ​это компании, изначально ориентированные на контрактную сборку и, иногда, смежные сервисы.
ГИБКОСТЬ ПРОИЗВОДСТВЕННОГО ПРОЦЕССА И КОНСТРУКТИВНЫЕ ВЗАИМООТНОШЕНИЯ С ЗАКАЗЧИКАМИ – УСЛОВИЯ УСПЕХА КОНТРАКТНОГО ПРОИЗВОДИТЕЛЯ
Authors: Шлейнова Т.
Published: February 2021

Рассматриваются вопросы организации технологического процесса, использования оборудования и построения взаимоотношений с заказчиком с точки зрения ведущего технолога многономенклатурного монтажно-­сборочного контрактного производства электроники.
ИНДУСТРИЯ КРЕМНИЕВЫХ ЗАВОДОВ: НЕКОТОРЫЕ АСПЕКТЫ РАЗВИТИЯ
Authors: Макушин М.
Published: February 2021

Индустрия кремниевых заводов всё в большей мере становится производственной базой полупроводниковой промышленности. Игроки рынка покрывают весь диапазон технологических запросов поставщиков ИС. Перспективы отрасли достаточно устойчивы, но в ближайшем будущем на них может повлиять политика США в области высоких технологий.
ЦИФРОВЫЕ МАТРИЧНЫЕ АТТЕНЮАТОРЫ КОМПАНИИ VAUNIX
Authors: Егоров Н.
Published: February 2021

Рассмотрены цифровые матричные аттенюаторы компании Vaunix. Приведена информация об особенностях, характеристиках и областях применения данных устройств.
Subsidiariedad y educación en Chile: estudio histórico de un principio político polisémico
Authors: Barnier-Khawam Pablo
Published: February 2021

A partir de un estudio histórico e ideológico del concepto de subsidiariedad, este artículo propone un análisis de su aplicación en el ámbito de la educación en Chile. De esta manera, se demuestra el rol del jurista Jaime Guzmán en la conjugación de la tradición católica con el pensamiento neoliberal, al integrar la subsidiariedad en el sistema jurídico chileno. La ambivalencia de este principio de organización institucional permite justificar el carácter democrático del sistema educativo gracias a la libertad de enseñanza que consagra. La transición democrática profundiza este modelo con una ampliación de la oferta privada en la educación superior, lo que demuestra una continuación ideológica en cuanto al concepto de subsidiariedad. Sin embargo, este mismo concepto puede tener otro contenido ideológico partiendo de la idea que la educación debe entenderse como un ámbito social fuera de la lógica de mercado, como lo demuestran los movimientos estudiantiles en Chile. Una propuesta horizontal de la subsidiariedad puede así ser teorizada.
Ensuring the effects of climate warming; the sensitivity of controlling factors on soil respiration in Sub-Tropical grassland
Authors:   Faculty of Science, Nepal Academy of Science and Technology (NAST), Khumaltar, Lalitpur, Kathmandu, Nepal, Dhital Deepa , Prajapati Suman ,   Department of Environmental Science, Khwopa College, affiliated to Tribhuvan University, Dekocha, Bhaktapur, Kathmandu, Nepal,   Sanima Hydro and Engineering Pvt. Ltd., Dhumbarahi, Kathmandu, Nepal, Maharjan Sanu Raja ,   Department of Environmental Science, Khwopa College, affiliated to Tribhuvan University, Dekocha, Bhaktapur, Kathmandu, Nepal, Ohtsuka Toshiyuki ,   River Basin Research Center, Gifu University, Yanagido 1-1, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
Published: February 2021

Prevailing climate change is expected due to carbon dioxide emission to the atmosphere through soil respiration and perhaps the alteration in the terrestrial carbon cycle. The measurements to establish the effect and sensitivity of soil temperature, soil water content and plant biomass on soil respiration was performed in the sub-tropical grassland located in Central Nepal. Field measurements of soil respiration was conducted by using the closed-chamber method, and soil temperature, soil water content and plant biomass were monitored in the years 2015 and 2016. The soil respiration showed positive significant exponential function which accounted for 74.6% (R2=0.746, p<0.05) of its variation with the soil temperature. The temperature sensitivity of soil respiration, Q10 value obtained was 2.68. Similarly, soil respiration showed a positive significant exponential function that accounted for 37.2% (R2=0.372, p<0.05) of its variation with the soil water content. Remarkable seasonal and monthly variations were observed in soil respiration, soil temperature and soil water content, and the plant biomass as well followed the seasonal trend in variation of the soil respiration. Average soil respiration during measurements period was observed 325.51 mg CO2 m-2 h-1 and the annual soil respiration of the grassland in the years 2015 and 2016 was estimated 592.35 g C m-2 y-1. The study confirmed that soil temperature is the most influential primary factor in controlling soil respiration along with the soil water content and plant biomass. This research indicates that through emissions under the increasing temperature and precipitation, in the changing climate, the sub-tropical grassland could be an additional source of carbon dioxide to the atmosphere that might spur risk for further warming.
Dhwaj sacred grove: A unique example of cultural beliefs and traditional conservation
Authors:   Department of Botany, North-Eastern Hill University, Shillong, Meghalaya, India, Singh Harsh , Kumar Vaibhav ,   In Vitro Culture and Plant Genetics Unit, Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, University of Lucknow, Lucknow, 226007, Uttar Pradesh, India
Published: February 2021

Sacred groves are well-protected areas managed by strong spiritual beliefs by the local communities and often represent the relict climax vegetation the region. The present study was conducted in Dhwaj sacred grove from the Central region of Indian Himalayas, releasing its role in biodiversity conservation through traditional and cultural belief systems. Total 81 species belonging to 67 genera and 50 families of plants were identified; in which 40 species were flowering plants, 23 species were lichens, 7 species bryophytes, 12 species were pteridophytes and only one species was gymnosperm. Rhododendron arboreum and Quercus leuchotricophora is the most dominant tree species in the grove showing highest IVI values. Ethnobotanically, 40 species belonging to 38 genera and 27 families are used by the local communities for the treatment of various ailments. But, due to high anthropogenic pressure, this grove facing several threat of degradation, hence special attention is needed towards its conservation and motivation to promote our traditional knowledge.
Retos y oportunidades para la industria minera como potencial impulsor del desarrollo en Colombia
Authors: Ospina-Correa Juan D. , Osorio-Cachaya Juan G. , Henao-Arroyave Angela M. , Palacio-Acevedo Diego A. , Giraldo-Builes Jim
Published: February 2021

Colombia ha incluido la minería en su plan estratégico de desarrollo como principal motor productivo. Surgen intereses y apuestas de inversión internacional que potencian la expansión de la minería a gran escala. El oro sigue incrementando su valor en plena tormenta bursátil por la expansión del coronavirus, donde alcanza un precio de 1940 dólares-onza, se ubica en valores máximos durante los últimos años, demuestra ser el mecanismo en la huida del riesgo de inversores, se potencia la industria minera y, a su vez, la expansión de los procesos de minería artesanal y en pequeña-escala. Las consecuencias por la expansión de las actividades de extracción mineral pueden conducir a un estado de calamidad ambiental, no sólo social, sino a ecosistemas y salud de las comunidades aledañas. En este artículo, se hace una revisión de la literatura asociada a la industria minera, destacando los principales desafíos del sector a partir de la presentación de una mirada integral y multidisciplinar del entorno, resaltando algunos indicadores ambientales y su impacto en el ámbito local. Esto permite sugerir, desde la perspectiva académica, las bases mínimas para implementar mejores prácticas de política ambiental para desarrollar una producción minera sostenible. Para esto, se establecen los puntos críticos para la gestión normativa y la evaluación de la sostenibilidad, estrategia fundamental para la toma de decisiones en el sector. Estos puntos críticos permiten priorizar el desarrollo de métricas de eficiencia en el proceso de transformación mineral y, de esta manera, aportar a la construcción de indicadores comunes de protección de la biodiversidad. Desde el punto de vista social, la gestión integral permitirá fortalecer mejores prácticas y apelará por la responsabilidad social-corporativa, otorgándoles a las comunidades locales los mecanismos de participación necesarios para intervenir en los conflictos por las áreas mineras.
Evaluación del efecto de la presencia de hongos patógenos y metabolitos secundarios sobre la germinación en tres hortalizas de hojas
Authors: Álvarez-Orozco Sorianny , Torres-Rodriguez Duilio , Querales Pastora , Valera Rosario , Pacheco-Pacheco José Daniel , Gavilánez B. Tatiana
Published: February 2021

Las semillas de hortalizas de hoja son más sensibles al ataque de patógenos, por lo que es necesario estudiar el potencial fisiológico de las misma. Para ello se evaluó la calidad fisiológica de semilla de acelga (Fordhook Giant), ajo porro (Large American Flag y American Flag) y espinaca (New Zealand y Viroflay). Para ello se determinó el porcentaje de germinación, porcentaje de emergencia (PE), velocidad de emergencia (VE), índice de velocidad de emergencia (IVE), microbiota y metabolitos secundarios por cromatografía de capa fina. Para las evaluaciones de germinación, emergencia e identificación de patógenos se realizaron 4 repeticiones usando 100 semillas por repetición. Los resultados muestran un bajo desempeño fisiológico en semillas de espinaca New Zealand y Ajo porro (Large American Flag y American Flag), lo que se vio reflejado en las variables de GE (%), PC (%), VE e IVE debido a la presencia de hongos de los géneros Rhizopus, Fusarium, Penicillium, y las bacterias, que redujeron el vigor de las plántulas, así como un número importante de plántulas anormales,  mientras que las semillas de espinaca Viroflay y Acelga Fordhook Giant presentaron  una mejor germinación al primer conteo, sin embargo, los problemas relacionados con el vigor se reflejaron en las variables PE, VE, IVE, y con alto desarrollo de plántulas anormales, adicionalmente se detectó la presencia de los flavonoides el cual se asoció a una menor incidencia de Penicillium sp., en la semilla de espinaca viroflay aumentando la GE en el primer conteo y  la germinación total.
Evaluación in silico de péptidos bioactivos derivados de la digestión de proteínas presentes en la leche de bovino (B. taurus), oveja (O. aries), cabra (C. hircus) y búfalo (B. bubalis)
Authors: Barrero Jorge A. , Cruz Claudia M. , Casallas Jenny , Vásquez Juan S.
Published: February 2021

La creciente demanda de alimentos de alto valor nutricional ha inclinado el consumo de lácteos de leche bovina por leche proveniente de otras especies de rumiantes; no obstante, la fracción proteica de la leche es relativamente constante y se compone de caseínas: S1-caseína, -caseína, 𝜅-caseína, y seroproteínas; -lactoalbúmina y -lactoglobulina. En la actualidad, los estudios de péptidos bioactivos derivados de la leche se centran en proteínas obtenidas de una única especie y se efectúan empleando enzimas ajenas al sistema digestivo humano. La presente investigación realizó una comparación cuantitativa de los péptidos bioactivos obtenidos de las caseínas y seroproteínas presentes en la leche de bovino (Bos taurus), oveja (Ovis aries), cabra (Capra hircus) y búfalo (Bubalus bubalis) a partir de procesos de digestión in silico catalizados por proteasas presentes en el sistema digestivo humano: pepsina (EC 3.4.23.1), tripsina (EC 3.4.21.4) y quimotripsina (EC 3.4.21.1). La caracterización de péptidos bioactivos y la digestión in silico fue realizada mediante BIOPEP-UMW. La evaluación cuantitativa se efectuó a partir del cálculo de frecuencias de liberación. Los resultados mostraron once clases de péptidos con acción biológica: estimulantes, inhibidores de Renina, inhibidores de DPP4, antioxidantes, inhibidores de ACE, inhibidores de DPP3, hipocolesterolémicos, inhibidores de CaMPDE, reguladores, anticancerígenos e inmunomoduladores. Los péptidos inhibidores de DPP4 presentaron la mayor frecuencia de liberación, lo que sitúa a la leche como una potencial fuente de metabolitos supresores de la acción proteolítica de DPP4 en la degradación de incretinas. Pese a los distintos valores de frecuencias de liberación, los cuatro perfiles totales de péptidos bioactivos correspondientes a la leche de cada especie no mostraron una diferencia estadísticamente significativa (p>0.05).
Novel ultraviolet absorbers derived from cashew nut shell liquid: spectrophotometric, in silico and in vitro assays
Authors: De Araújo Emeli Moura , Romeiro Luiz Antônio Soares , Rodrigues Ana Paula , Alves Priscilla Souza , Silva Viviane Cândida da , Logrado Lúcio Paulo Lima , Santos Maria Lucília dos , Murta Maria Márcia , Leitão Álvaro Augusto da Costa , Garcia Sheila , Dellamora-Ortiz Gisela Maria
Published: February 2021

The cashew nut shell liquid (CNSL) constituents were isolated by our group leading to four mixtures and seventeen pure compounds, which had chromophoric groups similar to organic ultraviolet (UV) absorbers. In addition, C15 and C8 CNSL-derivatives molecules were rationally planned as UV absorbers. Mixtures and isolated CNSL compounds were demonstrated to be non-phototoxic when evaluated in a phototoxicity assay using the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Considering the absorption values on the UV range, 6 compounds showed appropriate SPF values regarding the spectrophotometric test. Additionally, in silico and in vitro evaluations were performed, showing non-oral bioavailability, as well as non-mutagenic, non-genotoxic and non-phototoxic properties for the tested compounds. These results contribute favorably to the aimed use of the compounds under analysis as novel organic UV absorbers that have as precursor the phenolic lipid component of CNSL, a waste product obtained as the by-product of cashew nut food processing.
A big cheese in biotherapeutics: Lactoyl leucine and isoleucine are bioavailable alternatives for canonical amino acids in cell culture media
Authors: Schmidt Corinna , Wehsling Maria , Mignon Maxime Le , Wille Gregor , Rey Yannick , Schnellbaecher Alisa , Zabezhinsky Dmitry , Fischer Markus , Zimmer Aline
Published: February 2021

Increasing demands for protein-based therapeutics such as monoclonal
antibodies, fusion proteins, bispecific molecules and antibody fragments
require researchers to constantly find innovative solutions. To increase
yields and decrease costs of next generation bioprocesses, highly
concentrated cell culture media formulations are developed but often
limited by the low solubility of amino acids such as tyrosine, cystine,
leucine and isoleucine, in particular at physiological pH. This work
sought to investigate highly soluble and bioavailable derivatives of
leucine and isoleucine that are applicable for fed-batch processes.
N-lactoyl-leucine and N-lactoyl-isoleucine sodium salts were tested in
cell culture media and proved to be beneficial to increase the overall
solubility of cell culture media formulations. These modified amino
acids proved to be bioavailable for various Chinese hamster ovary (CHO)
cells and were suitable for replacement of canonical amino acids in cell
culture feeds. The quality of the final recombinant protein was studied
in bioprocesses using the derivatives, and the mechanism of cleavage was
investigated in CHO cells. Altogether, both N-lactoyl amino acids
represent an advantageous alternative to canonical amino acids to
develop highly concentrated cell culture media formulations to support
next generation bioprocesses.
Vegetable Production and Value Chains in Mongolia
Authors:   Asian Development Bank
Published: February 2021

Энэхүү бүтээлд Монгол Улсын хүнсний ногооны зах зээл болон өртгийн сүлжээг шинжлэн судалж, хүнсний ногоо тариаланчдын дотоод хэрэгцээгээ хангах чадварыг дэмжихийн зэрэгцээ илүү орлого бий болгохын тулд уур амьсгалд тэсвэртэй жижиг тариалангийн үйлдвэрлэл эрхэлж, зах зээлд нэвтрэх боломжийн зарим хэсгээс тодорхойлов.
Mental health of patients with chronic diseases during the Coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic in Serbia - A cross-sectional study
Authors: Mikic Darko , Zvekic-Svorcan Jelena , Jovanovic Ljubisa , Vucicevic Vera
Published: February 2021

Introduction. Since the coronavirus disease 2019 outbreak was declared a
pandemic by the World Health Organization on March 11, 2020, it has become
the greatest public health threat worldwide. People with chronic diseases
were identified as the group at risk for fatal outcome. The purpose of this
research is to estimate the mental health of patients with chronic diseases
during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic. Material and Methods. A total
of 463 individuals (50.8% female), with the average age of 46.63 years (SD =
14.29, ranging from 20 to 75 years of age) participated in the research. The
subjects were divided into two groups, based on the existence of at least
one chronic disease. The Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale-21 was used to
assess the mental health of the participants. The research was conducted in
August 2020. The impact of chronic illness on depression, anxiety, and
stress levels was assessed using linear regression models. Results. The
prevalence of chronic diseases among the participants was 44.3%. The
participants with chronic diseases presented with higher levels of
depression (p < 0.05), anxiety (p < 0.001), and stress (p < 0.001) compared
to healthy participants. The presence of chronic illness remains a
significant predictor of all the dependent variables, even after the
inclusion of multiple variables in the final regression model: depression
(Beta [?] 0.37; 95% confidence interval: 2.67 - 4.42; p < 0.01), anxiety
(Beta [?] 0.19; 95% confidence interval: 0.80 - 2.55; p < 0.01), and stress
(Beta [?] 0.09; 95% confidence interval: 0.01 - 2.13; p < 0.05). Conclusion.
About five months after the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic was declared,
the investigation of mental health of chronically ill adults in Serbia shows
an increased amount of stress, anxiety, and depression in this
subpopulation.
Congenital anomalies of the epididymis
Authors: Dobanovacki Dusanka , Vuckovic Nada , Tatic Milanka
Published: February 2021

Introduction. Congenital anomalies of the epididymis, detected either during
orchiopexy or routine herniectomy, as well as their importance in male
fertility, have been described in many papers in clinical surgery. Clinical
Considerations. The aim of this study was to report various types of
epididymal congenital abnormalities registered in the clinical practice of
pediatric surgery, to describe their basic characteristics and to classify
them into three groups: (I) fusional anomalies of the epididymis and testis;
(II) anatomic forms of anomalies; (III) congenital epididymal cysts.
Conclusion. The clinical experience of pediatric surgeons indicates that
during these surgical procedures, it is necessary to carefully examine the
epididymis to detect anomalies, and it is of utmost importance to inform the
patient and/or his parents. It is also recommended to follow the patients up
to the age of fertility.
Medical and technical aspects of activities at hospital departments of infectious diseases during the pandemic of the Coronavirus disease 2019 and other highly infectious diseases
Authors: Aleksandrovna Boenko Elena , Andreevich Repin Leonid , Leonidovna Repina Lyudmila
Published: February 2021

Introduction. The article presents information on the activities of inpatient
facilities for infectious diseases during the pandemic of the new
coronavirus disease 2019, taking into account current regulatory documents.
The authors reviewed the principles of hospital zoning and patient
controlled movement in hospitals for infectious diseases. The paper deals
with the organization of the admission departments and equipment of the
diagnostic units of hospitals for infectious diseases, providing a graphical
presentation of an individual isolation unit (Melzer box) including
description of the control and management system for safe access to
infectious units. The characteristics of engineering and communication
systems, disposal of hazardous medical waste, catering, navigation systems,
operational remote communication between doctors and patients, application
of barcoding for patient identification and medical records are also
discussed. The purpose of this paper was to: Identify the shortcomings of
the existing regulatory framework concerning the management and organization
of health care institutions that provide medical care to patients with the
new coronavirus infection; Identify areas that require adjustments, given
the modern requirements for high quality treatment, as well as to ensure
epidemiological safety for medical staff and patients; Specify additional
requirements for hospitals for infectious diseases, which should be taken
into account when planning major repairs, reconstruction and construction of
new medical facilities for providing health care during the pandemic of new
coronavirus disease 2019 and other highly infectious infections.
Laser microfabrication of conical microtargets for laser driven particle acceleration
Authors: Călin Bogdan-Ştefăniţă , Dobrea Cosmin , Tiseanu Ion , Zamfirescu Marian
Published: February 2021

This research is aimed at developing micrometer-level cone-shaped targets used in ultraintense laser-driven particle acceleration and improving the fabrication process and quality of results. We developed a design software that is based on a single-pass spiral-like writing of 3D structures to improve the quality of the results and lower the fabrication time. Additive manufacturing based on two-photon polymerization represents the chosen fabrication method. Targets have been investigated using electron microscopy and x-ray microtomography. In this paper, several types of cone-shaped targets have been fabricated using two-photon polymerization additive manufacturing. Structures have been fabricated with IP-L 780 photoresist, developed by Nanoscribe. Symmetric targets show best structural results, for both straight and parabolic walls, while asymmetric targets can show deformation, due to inhomogeneous voxel overlap. The spiral-like design lowers the fabrication time to a third of the time required for the fabrication of the same structures using the layer-by-layer design. The spiral-like design also shows a better overall quality of the fabricated targets. Two-photon polymerization additive manufacturing is an inexpensive and fast solution for fabricating complex 3D structures at the micrometer scale. Cone-shaped targets with parabolic walls can lower the costs and improve results for laser-driven particle acceleration. Materials are limited to appropriate transparent photoresists, when not considering complementary fabrication methods.
Prevalencia de la enfermedad periodontal en pacientes con obesidad y sobrepeso, clínica UCSG, 2014
Authors: Del Hierro Rada Mariella Andrea , Ycaza Reynoso Carlos Xavier
Published: February 2021

Introducción: la nutrición ha sido establecida como un mediador alternativo que afecta el Índice de Masa Corporal, y por consiguiente cuando este aumenta, tiene un efecto sobre la salud oral, pudiendo convertirse en un factor de riesgo para la enfermedad periodontal. Este tema es relevante ya que la obesidad afecta a gran parte de la población en el mundo y es un desorden metabólico que atrae otras patologías como la diabetes, enfermedades cardiovasculares, renales, hepáticas, las cuales pueden tener consecuencias en la salud bucal. Objetivo: determinar la frecuencia de aparición de enfermedad periodontal en los pacientes con diferente grado obesidad y el sobrepeso. Metodología: serie de casos: (70 pacientes), que presentaron sobrepeso u obesidad y enfermedad periodontal, que se encontraban en un rango de edad entre 40 a 70 años, que asistieron a la consulta odontológica en la Universidad Católica Santiago de Guayaquil. Resultados: el 30% de los pacientes presentaron periodontitis crónica generalizada severa. De los 70 pacientes, el 44% tenían obesidad I y de éstos, el 11% presentaron periodontitis crónica generalizada severa, el 10% presentaron periodontitis crónica localizada severa, entre otras enfermedades. Conclusión: se evidencia que la periodontitis crónica generalizada severa estaba en mayor relación con los pacientes que presentan obesidad I y obesidad III. En este mismo sentido, los pacientes que con obesidad II también tuvieron mayor cronicidad y severidad, sin embargo la enfermedad periodontal en este grupo fue más localizada que generalizada.