bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Open BIM exchange on Blockchain 3.0 virtual disk: A traceable semantic differential transaction approach
Authors: Kong Lingming , Zhao Rui , Anumba Chimay J. , Lu Weisheng , Xue Fan
Published: January 2025

Building information modeling (BIM) has become prevalent in construction engineering management. However, the efficiency of traditional file-based BIM exchange between multidisciplinary teams remains low due to the transmission of redundant data from mostly unchanged BIM objects. Additionally, the traceability of changes between BIM files is limited. This paper proposes a traceable semantic differential transaction (tSDT) approach for open BIM exchange, which minimizes data redundancy and enables semantic-level traceability of BIM changes. Furthermore, openBIMdisk implements the tSDT and provides a Blockchain 3.0 virtual disk to support efficient, traceable, and secure BIM exchanges across multiple blockchain services. A pilot study of a modular construction project demonstrated the effectiveness of tSDT and open-BIMdisk. Experimental results indicated that tSDT achieved minimal BIM redundancy for storing and restoring all BIM changes, using a sheer 0.007% of disk space on average. openBIMdisk facilitated BIM version management and object-level semantic traceability with a response time of 5.3 ms. The contributions of this paper are twofold. First, tSDT offers a novel and efficient approach for semantic BIM change traceability. Second, openBIMdisk provides BIM practitioners with a Blockchain 3.0 application featuring intuitive and user-friendly interfaces for BIM exchange.
The probiotic characteristics of Lactobacillus reuteri ZJ617 and its resistance to Escherichia coli O157:H7 challenge in HFD-fed mice
Authors: Ma Yanfei , Mao Yingying , Deng Zhaoxi , Wang Shanshan , Liu Jingliang , Wang Haifeng
Published: January 2025

A high-fat diet (HFD) increases susceptibility to Escherichia coli colonization in the intestine and raises the risk of intestinal diseases. Lactobacillus reuteri, a commensal bacterium, plays a crucial role in regulating intestinal function and maintaining immune homeostasis. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the effects of L. reuteri on gut barrier function and systemic inflammation in HFD-fed mice challenged with Shiga toxin-producing E. coli O157:H7, and to further elucidate the potential protective mechanisms involved. The results show that supplementation of L. reuteri ZJ617 mitigates intestinal barrier impairment, inflammatory cell infiltration and systemic inflammation induced by E. coli O157:H7. The potential mechanisms of L. reuteri ZJ617 deal with it involving in forming biofilm, producing functional amino acids and various secondary metabolites. Our works provided comprehensively analysis of potential properties of L. reuteri ZJ617 and indicated that L. reuteri ZJ617 is a promising probiotic to prevent E. coli O157:H7 infection.
A maturity model for Clinical Trials Management Ecosystem
Authors: Sehgal Shruti , Pua E. Chris , Rojevsky Svetlana , Becich Michael J. , Fehrmann Joshua , Knosp Boyd M. , Wilcox Adam , Talbert Jeffery C. , Craven Catherine K. , Starren Justin
Published: January 2025

Introduction:

Managing clinical trials is a complex process requiring careful integration of human, technology, compliance, and operations for success. We collaborated with experts to develop a multi-axial Clinical Trials Management Ecosystem (CTME) maturity model (MM) to help institutions identify best practices for CTME capabilities.

Methods:

A working group of research informaticists was established. An online session on maturity models was hosted, followed by a review of the candidate domain axes and finalization of the axes. Next, maturity level attributes were defined for min/max levels (level 1 and level 5) for each axis of the CTME MM, followed by the intermediate levels. A REDCap survey comprising the model’s statements was then created, and a subset of working group members tested the model by completing it at their respective institutions. The finalized survey was distributed to all working group members.

Results:

We developed a CTME MM comprising five maturity levels across 11 axes: study management, regulatory and audit management, financial management, investigational product management, subject identification and recruitment, subject management, data, reporting analytics & dashboard, system integration and interfaces, staff training & personnel management, and organizational maturity and culture. Informaticists at 22 Clinical and Translational Science Award hubs and one other organization self-assessed their institutional CTME maturity. Respondents reported relatively high maturity for study management and investigational product management. The reporting analytics & dashboard axis was the least mature.

Conclusion:

The CTME MM provides a framework to research organizations to evaluate their current clinical trials management maturity across 11 axes and identify areas for future growth.
Anxiety and depression screening reveals the importance of advancing mental health support for Haitian healthcare providers
Authors: Louis Youri Encelotti , Betson Brooke , Auguste Samy
Published: January 2025

Despite the recent momentum of mental health advocacy and resource allocation in several nations worldwide, the same progress is yet to be experienced in Haiti and other countries in the global south. In addition to the ongoing humanitarian crisis that continues to pre-dispose the people of Haiti to a variety of health conditions and mental illnesses, Haitian healthcare providers face further vulnerability to mental illness due to the high-stress nature of their work in a resource-limited environment. This study was conducted using a self-report questionnaire containing the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 and Patient Health Questionnaire-9 screening tools, distributed to Haitian healthcare providers nationwide. The results revealed that 84% of the 106 participants experienced mild to severe symptoms of depression, while 69% reported mild to severe symptoms of anxiety. This study also found that social determinants, including community violence, economic and social instability, and poverty, are among the most detrimental contributing factors to the mental health of Haitian healthcare providers. Despite the acute need for support, 76% of participants also reported having either no awareness or no access to mental health support. These findings serve as an urgent call for action to improve access to mental health resources for Haitian healthcare providers.
Cultural and contextual adaptation of the Solastalgia subscale of the Environmental Distress Scale in drought-affected Kilifi, Kenya
Authors: Wahid Syed Shabab , Khakali Linda Norah , Agoi Felix , Oestericher Benjamin , Mendenhall Emily , Bosire Edna N.
Published: January 2025

Background

There is an urgent need to measure the psychological toll of climate-related ecological degradation and destruction in low- and middle-income countries. However, availability of locally adapted tools is limited. Our objective was to conduct a transcultural translation and cultural adaptation (TTA) of the Solastalgia subscale of the Environmental Distress Scale (EDS-Solastalgia) in Kilifi, Kenya, which is undergoing transformational changes due to climate change.

Methods

We conducted 5 expert interviews, 2 Focus Group Discussions (n = 22) and 10 cognitive interviews to solicit feedback on the EDS along the following cultural equivalency domains: Comprehensibility (Semantic equivalence); Relevance (Content equivalence); Response set (Technical equivalence) and Completeness (Semantic, criterion and conceptual equivalence).

Results

After an initial translation and back translation of the EDS-Solastalgia, respondents identified several terms that needed to be altered to make the scale understandable, less technical and culturally acceptable. For some items, respondents recommended examples to be included to aid comprehensibility. Feedback from respondents were iteratively integrated into the Swahili EDS-Solastalgia scale, and final endorsement of all changes were confirmed during cognitive interviews.

Discussion

The culturally adapted Swahili EDS-Solastalgia scale needs to be tested for its psychometric properties prior to utilization in survey studies to quantitatively establish the burden of climate-related distress and test for associations with common mental health conditions.
Transnational Knowledge Circulation and the Closing of Minds to Progressive Education Influences on Schooling in the First Decade of Independence in Ireland
Authors: Walsh Thomas , O’Donoghue Tom
Published: January 2025

For decades, transnational knowledge circulation in relation to schooling in Ireland has been a neglected area of study among historians. This paper provides new insights through a transnational lens on primary, secondary, and vocational curriculum developments in the first decade following the advent of national independence in the country in 1922. During this period, key policy-makers largely rejected progressive educational ideas circulating internationally and promoted curricula and pedagogy in primary and secondary schools that reflected the new nation’s deeply conservative Catholic nature and nationalist ethos. While initial signs indicated that developments in vocational education might head in a different direction, ultimately, more progressive educational ideas circulating internationally were excluded from that sector as well. At all levels of the education system, the hegemony of the Catholic Church and other contextual factors resulted in traditional and conservative curricula that underpinned policy and practice until the 1960s.
Examining “The Mormon Puzzle”: Progressive Education and Mormon Educational Ideas in Late Nineteenth-Century Utah
Authors: Calvert Isaac , Richards A. LeGrand , Ashcraft Jessica
Published: January 2025

This article describes the multifaceted origins and dynamics of pedagogic progressive educational ideas among Mormon educators in the Utah Territory during the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. We propose four principal avenues through which progressive educational ideas reached these Mormon educators. These include the exigencies of desert frontier living that predisposed early Utah Mormons to progressivism’s focus on practical education; the arrival of denominational schools sponsored by the New West Education Commission (NWEC), which sparked educative improvement within Mormon communities; the Pestalozzian teachings of Karl Maeser via the Brigham Young Academy’s Normal School; and the visits of eastern progressive educationalists through Benjamin Cluff’s leadership at the BYA Summer Institutes. We additionally situate nineteenth-century national perceptions of Mormon educational ideas within this more nuanced backdrop of the migration of progressive ideas to Utah. We describe unique dimensions of Mormon educational progressivism that might set it apart from educational progressivisms elsewhere, including tensions within Utah’s Mormon educative community.
Intense vortex-laser generation and phase detection by surface plasma holograms
Authors: Zhang Hao , Zhang Lingyu , Huang Hongtao , Wang Jingyi , Yang Yuanjie , Tang Wenhui , Yu Tongpu
Published: January 2025

With the escalating laser peak power, modulating and detecting the intensity, duration, phase and polarization of ultra-intense laser pulses progressively becomes increasingly arduous due to the limited damage thresholds of conventional optical components. In particular, the generation and detection of ultra-intense vortex lasers pose great challenges for current laser technologies, which has limited the widely potential applications of relativistic vortex lasers in various domains. In this study, we propose to reconstruct the vortex phase and generate and amplify the relativistic vortex lasers via surface plasma holograms (SPHs). By interfering with the object laser and reference laser, SPHs are formed on the target and the phase of the interfering laser is imprinted through the modulation of surface plasma density. In particular, using the quadrature phase-shift interference, the vortex phase of the object laser can be well reconstructed. The generated vortex lasers can be focused and enhanced further by one order of magnitude, up to

$1.7\times {10}^{21}$

W/cm

${}^2$

, which has been demonstrated by full three-dimensional particle-in-cell simulations. For the first time, we provide a practical way to detect the phase of relativistic vortex lasers, which can be applied in large 1–10 PW laser facilities. This will promote future experimental research of vortex-laser–plasma interaction and open a new avenue of plasma optics in the ultra-relativistic regime.
Shaped by censoring attitudes: pornography in late nineteenth- and early twentieth-century Italy
Authors: Monopoli Claudio
Published: January 2025

Through an analysis of the Italian context, this article illustrates how censoring attitudes shaped the modern meaning of pornography between the last two decades of the nineteenth century and the years of the Great War. The difference between the ideas of pornography and obscenity is pointed out through a concise examination of censorship archive documents from the Lombardo-Venetian Kingdom, the State of the Church, and the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies, followed by an overview about how sexuality was intended by Italian sexologists and moralist intellectuals during the period of nation-building following the unification of 1861. In their writings, pornography is described as a source of corruption, especially for young people, and a social threat to be stopped. From 1891 onwards, mobilisations and struggles against pornography were organised by associations and politicians: these activities and debates, which led to the demand for specific legislation to address this phenomenon, are here reconstructed through newspaper articles and archive documents until the Great War period, when the use of the word pornography became even wider, as well as the debates around it and its social meaning.
Nef vector bundles on a quadric threefold with first Chern class two
Authors: Ohno Masahiro
Published: January 2025

We classify nef vector bundles on a smooth hyperquadric of dimension three with first Chern class two over an algebraically closed field of characteristic zero. In particular, we see that they are globally generated.
Strict Faber–Krahn-type inequality for the mixed local–nonlocal operator under polarization
Authors: Ashok Kumar K. , Biswas Nirjan
Published: January 2025

Let

$\Omega \subset \mathbb{R}^d$

with

$d\geq 2$

be a bounded domain of class

${\mathcal C}^{1,\beta }$

for some

$\beta \in (0,1)$

. For

$p\in (1, \infty )$

and

$s\in (0,1)$

, let

$\Lambda ^s_{p}(\Omega )$

be the first eigenvalue of the mixed local–nonlocal operator

$-\Delta _p+(-\Delta _p)^s$

in Ω with the homogeneous nonlocal Dirichlet boundary condition. We establish a strict Faber–Krahn-type inequality for

$\Lambda _{p}^s(\cdot )$

under polarization. As an application of this strict inequality, we obtain the strict monotonicity of

$\Lambda _{p}^s(\cdot )$

over the annular domains and characterize the rigidity property of the balls in the classical Faber–Krahn inequality for

$-\Delta _p+(-\Delta _p)^s$

.
Collisional alpha particle transport in a quasisymmetric stellarator with a single helicity imperfection
Authors: Catto Peter J.
Published: January 2025

The tangential drift of the trapped alpha particles in bounce or transit averaged kinetic treatments of stellarators reverses direction on each flux surface at a particular value of pitch angle. The vanishing of the tangential drift corresponds to a resonance that allows a narrow collisional boundary layer to form due to the presence of pitch angle scattering by the background ions. The alphas in and adjacent to this drift reversal layer are particularly sensitive to collisions because they are in or very close to resonance. As a result, enhanced collisional transport occurs due to the existence of this drift reversal resonance in a nearly quasisymmetric stellarator with a single helicity imperfection. Moreover, the value of the resonant pitch angle for drift reversal on neighbouring flux surfaces varies continuously, with the inner flux surfaces having a larger resonant pitch angle than the outer ones. This pitch angle dependence means phase space ‘tubes’ or ‘pods’ exist that connect the inner flux surfaces to the outer ones. These pods allow collisional radial transport of the alphas to extend over the entire radial cross section. When collisions are finite, but weak, and the single helicity departure from quasisymmetry large enough, the collisionless alpha particle motion remains constrained by collisions as they complete their drift trajectories in phase. In particular, the small radial scales introduced by the radial extent or width of the phase space pods require the retention of the nonlinear radial drift term in the kinetic equation. The associated collisional radial transport is evaluated and found to be significant, but is shown to preferentially remove slower speed alphas without substantially affecting birth alphas.
Intra‐, Inter‐ Seasonal and Inter‐Hemispheric Dynamical Changes in TEC in the Maximum and Minimum Years of Solar Cycle 24 at the Southern Low Latitude Station Cocos Islands Vis‐A‐Vis the Northern Magnetically Conjugate Station Dibrugarh
Authors: Nath Prantika , Kalita Bitap Raj , Bharali Trideep , Bhuyan Pradip Kumar , Bhuyan Kalyan , Wang Kehe
Published: January 2025

The long‐term (2009–2019) TEC variation over a southern low latitude station Cocos Islands (12.2°S, 96.8°E) lying in edge of the Equatorial Ionization Anomaly (EIA) region and around the WN4 peak longitude are investigated and compared with its magnetic conjugate station Dibrugarh (27.5°N, 95°E). The causative mechanisms for the observed intra‐ and inter‐seasonal variations are explored via the study of EEJ, neutral O/N2 ratio, hmF2, meridional winds and IRI simulations. The month‐to‐month variation of the mean TEC showed a tendency of peaking in November (early summer) during 2009/2018 but in March (autumn) during 2014. In contrast, the seasonal maximum was always in March (spring equinox) over Dibrugarh. The hemispheric asymmetry was significant during the solar minimum period. The intra‐seasonal variation of the asymmetry showed a relation to the position of the sub‐solar point and solar activity. The equatorial anomaly was estimated by comparing it with equatorial TEC. The anomaly affected the stations only during respective summer of 2009/2018 whereas during 2014 the anomaly affected both stations from February to April. The monthly mean TEC over Cocos was well correlated with EEJ only during 2014. In contrast, the TEC was correlated with hmF2 in both 2009 and 2014. The IRI‐2020 mostly overestimated TEC with the exception of March equinox of 2014 when the EIA effect was strongest over the stations. The dynamics of TEC variation over Cocos seemed to vary from solar minimum to maximum, changing from being photo‐chemically driven to electric field driven with increase in solar activity.
Continental Subduction and the Deep Carbon Cycle in Northern Tibet
Authors: Zhao Wenbin , Guo Zhengfu , Zhang Maoliang , Sun Yutao , Cheng Zhihui , Li Jujing , Dingwell Donald B.
Published: January 2025

Degassing of volatiles within convergent plate margins, investigated through systematic variations in gas geochemistry, provides crucial insights into the recycling process, the lithospheric structure, and the dynamics of plateau growth. To date, such processes in the India‐Asia continental collision zone remains poorly constrained in northern Tibet due to a dearth of detailed geochemical data on volatiles. Here, we report new data on chemical compositions and He–C isotopic ratios of hydrothermal volatiles in the northern plateau. CO2‐rich samples exhibit elevated 3He/4He ratios (0.11 RA–0.39 RA) compared to crustal values, as well as displaying heavy δ13C (−4.66–0.02‰) and high CO2/3He ratios ((36–9,400) × 109), indicating in summary the occurrence of carbonate in the mantle‐derived components. We have developed a coupled He–C isotope model incorporating depleted mantle (DM), recycled carbonate (RC), and crustal carbon endmember (CCE) reservoirs to explore quantitatively the nature of the hydrothermal volatiles emitted. The results of model calculations reveal an increasing proportion of RC together with a decreasing proportion of CCE from south to north that is accompanied by an increasing contribution from DM, all suggesting the presence of a carbonated mantle beneath northern Tibet. Degassing of helium from hydrothermal activities exhibits relatively high fluxes of total 3He (104–105 atoms/m2/s), indicating a tectonically active degassing of volatiles in the Tibetan Plateau under ongoing continental convergence between India and Asia. Systematic variations in He–C isotopes, mantle helium fluxes and RC/CEE proportions along hydrothermal activities spanning from the Himalayas to the Qaidam‐Gonghe basin are consistent with a dual continental subduction model acting beneath the whole Tibetan Plateau.
The 20‐Year Highest Tropical Cyclone‐Generated Waves Associated With the Maximum Energy of Seismic Noises
Authors: Shimura Tomoya , Yamada Masumi , Mori Nobuhito , Miyashita Takuya
Published: January 2025

The extreme winds of tropical cyclones generate high waves over the ocean, causing severe damage to offshore facilities and coastal communities. Disaster mitigation requires accurate prediction and forecasting of the highest potential waves. However, the physics of wave development is not fully understood, and the number of mid‐ocean observations during extreme tropical cyclones is extremely insufficient. Therefore, physically and statistically evaluating the highest potential waves is difficult. However, ocean waves excite seismic noise (microseisms). Although source sites of microseisms under specific tropical cyclones have been identified by case studies, the extreme ocean wave magnitude under tropical cyclones have not been systematically analyzed using long‐term historical records. Here, we, for the first time, utilize long‐term microseisms observed by seismic observation networks to associate the historical maximum microseisms events with the highest tropical cyclone‐generated wave events around Japan. We show that Typhoon Wipha in 2013, Typhoon Lan in 2017, and Typhoon Hagibis in 2019 were the maximum microseisms events in the past 20 years based on microseism energy within an 8–10 s period. We associate the events with the highest wave heights and the largest wave‐induced sea surface pressures generated by tropical cyclones. Although ocean wave models have a large uncertainty of tropical cyclone‐generated extreme waves, microseisms observations can endorse the results of an ocean wave model even if lack of direct ocean wave observation under tropical cyclones. Furthermore, rich information of microseisms on wave development and propagation has a potential to proceed understanding of the extreme wave physics.
Assessing Simulations of Forest Hurricane Disturbance and Recovery in Puerto Rico by ELM‐FATES Using Field Measurements
Authors: Shi Mingjie , Keller Michael , Bomfim Barbara , Kueppers Lara , Koven Charlie , Needham Jessica , Heartsill‐Scalley Tamara , Leung L. Ruby
Published: January 2025

In the past three decades, Puerto Rico (PR) experienced five hurricanes that met or exceeded category three, and they caused severe forest structural damage and elevated tree mortality. To improve our mechanistic understanding of hurricane impacts on tropical forests and assess hurricane‐affected forest dynamics in Earth system models, we use in situ forest measurements at the Bisley Experimental Watersheds in Northeast PR to evaluate the Functionally Assembled Terrestrial Ecosystem Simulator coupled with the Energy Exascale Earth System Model Land Model (ELM‐FATES). The observations show that before Hurricane Hugo, 77.3% of the aboveground biomass (AGB) is from the shade‐tolerant plant function type (PFT). The Hugo‐induced mortality rates are over ∼50%, and they induce a ∼39% AGB reduction, which recovers to a level like the pre‐Hugo condition in 2014, following a second, lower intensity hurricane, Georges. We perform numerical experiments that simulate damage from Hugo and Georges on the forests, including defoliation, sapwood and structural biomass damage, and hurricane‐induced mortality. ELM‐FATES can reasonably represent coexistence between the two PFTs–light‐demanding and shade‐tolerant–for both the pre‐Hugo and post‐Hugo conditions. The model represents a reasonable size distribution of mid‐and large‐sized trees although it underestimates AGB, likely due to the overestimated nonhurricane mortality. ELM‐FATES temporarily stimulated leaf biomass and diameter increment after Georges, an effect that should be tested with observations of future hurricane defoliation events. This research indicates that addressing model‐data mismatches in tree mortality and understory dynamics are essential to simulation of more extreme hurricane effects under climate change.
Role of Micrometeorological Memory in Modulating Sub‐Daily Scale Variability of Net Ecosystem Exchange
Authors: Verma Akash , Khadke Leena , Eldhose Elizabeth , Ghosh Subimal
Published: January 2025

Net Ecosystem Exchange (NEE) is crucial for understanding the carbon balance in ecosystems, indicating whether they act as carbon sinks or sources. While the impact of hydrometeorological factors on NEE at daily and monthly scales has been well‐researched, the significance of sub‐daily variability and the influence of memory in micrometeorological variables remain understudied. This study addresses this gap by analyzing the temporal dynamics of NEE using half‐hourly data from 29 FLUXNET sites over at least 6 years. We found that sub‐daily variability of NEE contributes 10%–55% of 13‐day NEE variability, depending on seasonal cycles and biome characteristics. Using an information theory based transfer entropy (TE) approach, we identified the causal drivers of NEE variability at sub‐daily scales within a 6‐hr memory. Our results show that the memory of micrometeorological variables significantly impacts NEE, surpassing their instantaneous effects. Temperature (TA), vapor pressure deficit (VPD), and soil water content (SWCMean) consistently affect NEE within this 6‐hr memory, whereas the influence of sensible heat (H) and incoming shortwave radiation (SWIN) diminishes at higher lags. While the magnitude of average TE from micrometeorological variables to NEE exhibits notable seasonal variations, the temporal structure of how information is transferred does not significantly differ across seasons, as reflected by the shape of TE values over various time lags. SWCMean, VPD, and TA impact NEE jointly, while H and SWIN have overlapping effects. Additionally, precipitation influences NEE indirectly through SWCMean. Our findings highlight the importance of accounting for high‐frequency NEE variability and its underlying drivers when investigating the ecohydrological interactions, shedding light on the role of memory in carbon‐water interactions.
A Novel Back‐Calculation Approach to Estimate Ocean Anthropogenic Carbon Using Carbon‐Based Data and a Total Matrix Intercomparison Method
Authors: López‐Mozos M. , Pérez F. F. , Carracedo L. I. , Gebbie G. , Velo A.
Published: January 2025

Over the last decades, back‐calculation (BC) techniques for ocean anthropogenic carbon (Cant) estimation have improved and evolved into different methodologies that are not exempt from various assumptions and limitations. No single optimal BC method exists to date for computing Cant; therefore, it is necessary to continue advancing the broad range of approaches. Here, we present a novel method based on the BC fundamentals that combines marine‐carbonate‐system (MCS) data and the Total Matrix Intercomparison (TMI) framework. This MCS‐TMI approach differs from other BC methods by using the TMI to reconstruct deep‐ocean biogeochemical properties and their preformed conditions. It also incorporates a global sea‐air oxygen disequilibrium term, and a dynamic stoichiometric carbon‐to‐oxygen ratio that depends on the water‐mass ideal time. The MCS‐TMI yields a total Cant inventory of 124 ± 7 Pg C (referred to 1995), in good agreement with previous global Cant climatologies. The MCS‐TMI method uncertainty (±5.6 μmol kg−1) is controlled by input‐data errors that, nonetheless, have a minimal impact on the total Cant inventory. In contrast, our total Cant inventory uncertainty is governed by methodological errors, specifically those related to the TMI's boundary conditions. Our study demonstrates the effectiveness of MCS data‐based climatologies in reconstructing a 3D gridded Cant climatology, and the validity of ocean circulation transport operators for obtaining BC preformed conditions.
IFN-γ reprograms cardiac microvascular endothelial cells to mediate doxorubicin transport and influences the sensitivity of mice to doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity
Authors: Ji Haoyu , Ma Wenya , Liu Xu , Chen Hongyang , Liu Yining , Ren Zhongyu , Yin Daohong , Cai Ao , Zhang Zizhen , Wang Xin , Huang Wei , Shi Leping , Tian Yanan , Yu Yang , Wang Xiuxiu , Li Yang , Liu Yu , Cai Benzhi
Published: January 2025

Doxorubicin (DOX) is a first-line chemotherapy agent known for its cardiac toxicity. DOX-induced cardiotoxicity (DIC) severely limits the use for treating malignant tumors and is associated with a poor prognosis. The sensitivity to DIC varies among patients, but the precise mechanisms remain elusive. Here we constructed a mouse model of DIC using DOX to investigate potential mechanisms contributing to the differential susceptibility to DIC. Through surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy and single-cell RNA sequencing, we explored the mechanisms underlying DIC phenotypic variations. In vitro and in vivo studies with small-molecule drugs were conducted. DIC-insensitive mice displayed preserved ejection fractions, lower DOX levels in cardiac tissues and higher levels in the serum. Single-cell RNA sequencing revealed differences of gene expression in cardiac endothelial cells between DIC-insensitive and DIC-sensitive groups. The expression of IFN-γ pathway-related genes was high in DIC-insensitive mice. IFN-γ administration decreased the DOX distribution in cardiac tissues, whereas PPAR-γ activation increased DIC susceptibility. IFN-γ stimulation upregulated P-glycoprotein expression, leading to increased DOX efflux and DIC insensitivity. Our model provides insights into the mechanisms of DIC sensitivity and potential preventive strategies.
Thy1-YFP: an effective tool for single cell tracing from neuronal progenitors to mature functionally active neurons
Authors: Plećaš Ante , Kapuralin Katarina , Grandverger Leonarda , Mitrečić Dinko , Alić Ivan
Published: January 2025

The differentiation of mouse neurons is a complex process involving cell maturation and branching, occurring during both, embryonic development and differentiation in vitro. To study mouse neuronal morphology, we used the Thy1 YFP-16 mouse strain. Although this mouse strain was described over twenty years ago, detailed studies on projections outgrowth and morphology of neurons are still lacking. The main goal of our study was to analyse the differentiation patterns of neural stem cells, including markers of differentiation, colocalization patterns, synaptic markers and the tracing of cell projections during differentiation in vitro. The neural stem cells were isolated from embryos at embryonic day 14.5 as well as newborn pups and differentiated into neurons and astrocytes. Our data showed a significant decrease of neural stem cells markers and a substantial increase in neuronal markers during differentiation, analysed by immunocytochemistry, quantitative PCR and western blot. To assess synaptic maturation, neurons were further analysed by quantitative PCR and immunocytochemistry. Expression of synaptic markers were increased during differentiation in vitro. At the 7th day in vitro differentiation, expression of synaptic markers in both YFP positive and YFP negative neurons were at comparable levels. Finally, our data revealed a significant increase in all measured morphological parameters: Filament Area, Filament Length, Filament No. Terminal Points and Sholl Intersections in YFP positive/MAP2 positive neurons compared to YFP negative/MAP2 positive neurons. These findings suggest that YFP is an effective tool for cell tracing both in vivo and in vitro, making it valuable for morphological studies during development as well as in the context of neurodegenerative disorders.
Rapid and scalable personalized ASO screening in patient-derived organoids
Authors: Means John C. , Martinez-Bengochea Anabel L. , Louiselle Daniel A. , Nemechek Jacqelyn M. , Perry John M. , Farrow Emily G. , Pastinen Tomi , Younger Scott T.
Published: January 2025

Personalized antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs) have achieved positive results in the treatment of rare genetic disease1. As clinical sequencing technologies continue to advance, the ability to identify patients with rare disease harbouring pathogenic genetic variants amenable to this therapeutic strategy will probably improve. Here we describe a scalable platform for generating patient-derived cellular models and demonstrate that these personalized models can be used for preclinical evaluation of patient-specific ASOs. We describe protocols for delivery of ASOs to patient-derived organoid models and confirm reversal of disease-associated phenotypes in cardiac organoids derived from a patient with Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) with a structural deletion in the gene encoding dystrophin (DMD) that is amenable to treatment with existing ASO therapeutics. Furthermore, we designed novel patient-specific ASOs for two additional patients with DMD (siblings) with a deep intronic variant in the DMD gene that gives rise to a novel splice acceptor site, incorporation of a cryptic exon and premature transcript termination. We showed that treatment of patient-derived cardiac organoids with patient-specific ASOs results in restoration of DMD expression and reversal of disease-associated phenotypes. The approach outlined here provides the foundation for an expedited path towards the design and preclinical evaluation of personalized ASO therapeutics for a broad range of rare diseases.
Synthesis, H2S releasing properties, antiviral and antioxidant activities and acute cardiac effects of nucleoside 5′-dithioacetates
Authors: Bege Miklós , Lovas Miklós , Priksz Dániel , Bernát Brigitta , Bereczki Ilona , Kattoub Rasha Ghanem , Kajtár Richárd , Eskeif Simon , Novák Levente , Hodek Jan , Weber Jan , Herczegh Pál , Lekli István , Borbás Anikó
Published: January 2025

Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is an endogenous gasotransmitter with cardioprotective and antiviral effects. In this work, new cysteine-selective nucleoside-H2S-donor hybrid molecules were prepared by conjugating nucleoside biomolecules with a thiol-activatable dithioacetyl group. 5′-Dithioacetate derivatives were synthesized from the canonical nucleosides (uridine, adenosine, cytidine, guanosine and thymidine), and the putative 5′-thio metabolites were also produced from uridine and adenosine. According to our measurements made with an H2S-specific sensor, nucleoside dithioacetates are moderately fast H2S donors, the guanosine derivative showed the fastest kinetics and the adenosine derivative the slowest. The antioxidant activity of 5′-thionucleosides is significantly higher than that of trolox, but lower than that of ascorbic acid, while intact dithioacetates have no remarkable antioxidant effect. In human Calu cells, the guanosine derivative showed a moderate anti-SARS-CoV-2 effect which was also confirmed by virus yield reduction assay. Dithioacetyl-adenosine and its metabolite showed similar acute cardiac effects as adenosine, however, it is noteworthy that both 5′-thio modified adenosines increased left ventricular ejection fraction or stroke volume, which was not observed with native adenosine.
3D bioprinted ferret mesenchymal stem cell-laden cartilage grafts for laryngotracheal reconstruction in a ferret surgical model
Authors: McMillan Alexandra , Hoffman Matthew R. , Xu Yan , Wu Zongliang , Thayer Emma , Peel Adreann , Guymon Allan , Kanotra Sohit , Salem Aliasger K.
Published: January 2025

Chondrogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) within a three-dimensional (3D) environment can be guided to form cartilage-like tissue in vitro to generate cartilage grafts for implantation.
Raman signatures of type A and B influenza viruses: molecular origin of the “catch and kill” inactivation mechanism mediated by micrometric silicon nitride powder
Authors: Pezzotti Giuseppe , Yasukochi Yoshiki , Ohgitani Eriko , Nakashio Maiko , Shin-Ya Masaharu , Adachi Tetsuya , Yamamoto Toshiro , Ikegami Saki , Zhu Wenliang , Higasa Koichiro , Okuma Kazu , Mazda Osam
Published: January 2025

Raman multiomics gives unique insight into the structural characteristics of type A and B influenza viruses. Si3N4 fine powder completely inactivates virus strains by a mechanism that poisons them with hydrolytic ammonia and locally enhances pH.
Designing rare earth borates as UV nonlinear optical crystals exhibiting strong second-harmonic generation responses
Authors: Liu Mengru , Kong Xianghao , Li Shuaifeng , Ye Ning , Hu Zhanggui , Wu Yicheng , Li Conggang
Published: January 2025

Two new rare-earth borate NLO crystals, K6NaSrY2B15O30 and Rb7BaLu2B15O30, were synthesized using a chemical substitution method. They exhibit large SHG effects and short UV cutoff edges.
Blue- and white-light emitting 2D metal–organic frameworks of cis-5-norbornene-endo-2,3-dicarboxylic acid
Authors: Alghamdi Ahmed Mohammed A. , Cholikadam Shakeeba , Fettouhi Mohammed , Kalanthoden Abdul Nasar , Jalilov Almaz S. , Peedikakkal Abdul Malik P.
Published: January 2025

Two 2D MOFs were isolated using cis-5-norbornene-endo-2,3-dicarboxylic acid emit near white-light (Pb-MOF) and blue-light (Zn-MOF) due to the structural variation and local metal-centered and ligand-to-metal charge transfer.
Competition between sigma and Pi holes on the same atom
Authors: Scheiner Steve
Published: January 2025

The configuration of certain molecules facilitates the existence of both a σ and π-hole on the same atom. DFT calculations evaluate which site provides a stronger bond with a nucleophile.
Chlorine gas and anion radical reactivity in molten salts and the link to chlorobasicity
Authors: Nguyen Hung H. , Gibson Luke D. , Emerson Matthew S. , Borah Bichitra , Roy Santanu , Bryantsev Vyacheslav S. , Margulis Claudio J.
Published: January 2025

Next-generation nuclear power plants may include exciting novel designs in which molten salts are the coolant or a combination of the coolant and fuel.
The effect of carrier concentration on the electronic structure and magnetothermal properties of a two-dimensional VTe2 monolayer with a high Curie temperature
Authors: Zhang Shuai-Kang , Wu Yan-Ling , Zeng Zhao-Yi , Geng Hua-Yun , Chen Xiang-Rong
Published: January 2025

Variation of the normalized magnetic moment with temperature under different carrier concentrations. Curie temperature (TC) under the combined influence of the magnetic field and carrier concentrations, the color bars represent the range of TC.
The influence of halogen-mediated interactions on halogen abstraction reactions by formyl radicals
Authors: Miranda Matias O. , Duarte Darío J. R. , Rayón Victor M.
Published: January 2025

This article reports a theoretical study on the reactions YX + CHO → Y + XCHO (with Y = F, Cl, Br; X = Cl, Br, I) carried out at a high level of accuracy using coupled-cluster based methodologies including CCSD(T)-F12, CCSD(T)/CBS and CCSDT(Q)Λ.
A protocol for the investigation of the intramolecular vibrational energy redistribution problem: the isomerization of nitrous acid as a case of study
Authors: Duarte Leonardo J. , Nunes Cláudio M. , Fausto Rui , Braga Ataualpa A. C.
Published: January 2025

An eigenstate investigation of the conformational isomerization of nitrous acid (HONO) promoted by excitation of the νOH or νNO stretching normal coordinates, the first observed case of an infrared-induced photochemical reaction. The isomerization is mediated by a delocalized vibrational eigenstate.
Evaluating long-range orientational ordering of water around proteins: signature of a tug-of-war scenario
Authors: Hazra Subhabrata , Jana Biman
Published: January 2025

Long-range perturbations of water structure and dynamics by biomolecules are of great interest owing to their potential role in biomolecular recognition.
Host–guest geometry in paramagnetic cavitands elucidated by 19F electron-nuclear double resonance
Authors: Bogdanov Alexey , Seal Manas , Goren Elad , Bar-Shir Amnon , Goldfarb Daniella
Published: January 2025

19F ENDOR is used to monitor the exact position of fluorinated guests in Gd-capped cyclodextrin cavitands.
Strain-dependent structural, electronic, mechanical, optical and thermoelectric properties of Sr3NBr3 perovskites for solar cell applications
Authors: Amina  , Akhter Naseem , Alrefaee Salhah Hamed , Nurmuhammedov Anvar , Soliyeva Mukhlisa , Ahmad Pervaiz , Tirth Vineet , Algahtani Ali , Mohsen Q. , Alsaqer O. , Hadia N. M. A. , Zaman Abid
Published: January 2025

Halide perovskites are a class of materials with excellent potential for solar cell applications due to their excellent optical and electronic properties.
Optimizing photocatalysis via electron spin control
Authors: He Shaoxiong , Chen Yanxi , Fang Jingyun , Liu Yijiang , Lin Zhiqun
Published: January 2025

This review systematically summarizes recent advanced strategies for manipulating electron spin to optimize photocatalysis. It provides valuable insights to guide future research on electron spin control for enhancing photocatalytic applications.
Construction of a catalyst using activated manganese ore and Co3O4 for efficient catalytic combustion of ethane
Authors: Wang Xiaohui , Li Zhuang , Zhao Peng , Yao Chao , Meng Jie , Zuo Shixiang , Zhu Wei , Liu Jingwei , Wu Fengqin
Published: January 2025

An efficient composite catalyst has been constructed to ameliorate the inherent properties of natural manganese ores, prominently enhancing the catalytic combustion of ethane.
Enzymatic electrosynthesis system based on multi-enzyme catalysis or coupled with microbial transformation
Authors: Ma Chunling , Wang Yuhua , Guo Kun , Wu Ranran , Zhu Zhiguang
Published: January 2025

This review summarizes state-of-the-art and future development of enzymatic electrosynthesis systems based on multi-enzyme catalysis or coupled with microbial transformation.
Borane-tethered heteroscorpionate zinc catalysts for the hydroboration of carbon dioxide, isocyanates, esters and nitriles
Authors: Cruz Tiago F. C. , Veiros Luís F.
Published: January 2025

New zinc bis(κ2-borohydride) complexes of borane-tethered heteroscorpionate ligands were synthesized and characterized and catalyzed the hydroboration of CO2, isocyanates, esters and nitriles with pinacolborane (HBPin).
The divergent reactivity of β-diketiminato aluminium hydrides with organophosphoryl compounds
Authors: Ding Yi , Ma Yinghua , Tang Yongheng , Fu Yang , Wan Jiayi , Xu Zhiyuan , He Yifei , Shi Zhenhai , Nazish Mohd , Wu Peng , Roesky Herbert W.
Published: January 2025

The divergent reactions of β-diketiminato aluminum hydrides with organophosphoryl compounds are described. These reactions resulted in compounds containing Al–O/N–R units through three different coupling reactions.
On the reactivity of complexes [Ni(NHC)2] with CS2
Authors: Luff Martin Simon , Corsei Celine Sophie , Radius Udo
Published: January 2025

The reaction product of NHC and cAAC nickel complexes with CS2 depends on the carbene employed. Products obtained were either mononuclear ([Ni(NHC)2(η2-CS2)]), dinuclear ([{Ni(NHC)(μ2-CS2)}2]) or the insertion product [Ni(cAACMe-CS2)2].
Chemical upcycling of Ni from electroplating wastewater into a well-defined catalyst for electrooxidation of glycerol to formate
Authors: Zhai Ranran , Zheng Meiqi , Yan Yifan , Ren Yue , Li Zhenhua , Zhou Hua , Shi Wenying , Kong Xianggui , Shao Mingfei
Published: January 2025

This work offers a potential pathway to upcycle Ni-containing wastewater into a valuable electrocatalyst.
Revisiting the interfacial chemistry of calcium metal anodes: the importance of inorganic-rich solid/electrolyte interfaces derived from an aggregation-dominated electrolyte
Authors: Yang Shu , Wang Xianshu , Li Ruimin , Zhou Yiming , Huang Haonan , Zhou Mengyuan , Gao Yunyun , Zhao Wanyu , Gao Yukui , Pan Zhenghui , Yang Xiaowei
Published: January 2025

The degradation of Ca anode in ester/ether electrolytes is attached to an organic-rich SEI. On this basis, we propose a desirable Ca2+ solvation sheath rich in AGG and obtain inorganic-rich SEI, achieving high reversible Ca2+ plating/striping.
Single-atom tungsten doping induced chemical–electrochemical coupled pathway on Ni(OH)2 enables efficient urea electrooxidation
Authors: Cai Lebin , Bai Haoyun , Li Jilong , Xie Feng , Jiang Kang , Lu Ying-Rui , Pan Hui , Tan Yongwen
Published: January 2025

A chemical–electrochemical coupled pathway on Ni(OH)2 surface has been proposed for high-selectivity urea electrooxidation reaction (UOR) as the alternative of conventional oxygen evolution reaction (OER).
Crystalline nitrogen-doped-carbon anchored well-dispersed Fe3O4 nanoparticles for real-time scalable neutral H2O2 electrosynthesis
Authors: Yin Hao , Yuan Jili , Wang Jun , Hu Shiwei , Wang Pingshan , Xie Haibo
Published: January 2025

Crystalline nitrogen-doped-carbon anchored Fe3O4 nanoparticles were synthesized through the pyrolysis of a mixture of g-C3N4 and Fe@Tpy, which promoted scalable and affordable neutral H2O2 electrosynthesis under H2O (salt-free) and O2 condition.
Development of a novel MOF-based nanofiber for highly selective removal of cobalt from aqueous solutions
Authors: Peng Yinyin , Luo Yang , Liu Shuyuan , Cong Yin , Liu Derong , Hu Bowen , Pu Xiaoqin , Yuan Guoyuan , Xiong Wei
Published: January 2025

This study addresses the challenge of cobalt ion separation by developing novel MOF nanofibers, Co(ii)-PIIMs.
Nicotinamide riboside alleviates sweeteners-induced brain and cognitive impairments in immature mice
Authors: Jiang Yushan , Zhang Huaqi , Shi Jing , Shan Tianhu , Liu Man , Wang Peng , Liang Xi , Liang Hui
Published: January 2025

Nicotinamide riboside alleviated cognitive impairment induced by sucrose/aspartame, which might be related to neuroinflammation, pyroptosis, oxidative stress, apoptosis and autophagy.
Flaxseed powder supplementation in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: a randomized controlled clinical trial
Authors: Tian Yanyan , Zhou Yuhao , Liao Wang , Xia Jiayue , Hu Qiaosheng , Zhao Qing , Zhang Rui , Sun Guiju , Yang Ligang , Li Lihua
Published: January 2025

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has become a growing public health problem worldwide, and dietary interventions have important potential in the prevention and treatment of NAFLD.
Lactiplantibacillus plantarum N1 derived lipoteichoic acid alleviates insulin resistance in association with modulation of the gut microbiota and amino acid metabolism
Authors: Zhong Hao , Yu Yufen , Abdullah  , Zhang Haoxuan , Du Juan , Sun Jiangwei , Chen Ling , Feng Fengqin , Guan Rongfa
Published: January 2025

Heat-killed Lactiplantibacillus plantarum N1, primarily through lipoteichoic acid, increased insulin sensitivity by regulating the gut microbiota and amino acid metabolism, offering a potential therapeutic strategy for type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Recent advances in chemical composition imaging operation based on laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy
Authors: Zhao Shangyong , Zhao Yuchen , Dai Yujia , Liu Ziyuan , Hou Zongyu , Gao Xun , Wang Zhe
Published: January 2025

This review provides a comparatively comprehensive and systematic introduction to recent developments in chemical composition imaging based on LIBS, with a focus on the principle, operation, and recent development.