bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Thermal Versus Super Voltage Pulsed
Radiofrequency of Stellate Ganglion in PostMastectomy Neuropathic Pain Syndrome: A
Prospective Randomized Trial
Authors: Abbass Dina Nabil
Published: October 2019

Background: Breast cancer is the second most common cancer world-wide following lung
cancer. Post-mastectomy pain syndrome (PMPS) is one of the chronic post-surgical pain disorders
(CPSP) of neuropathic character; nearly 20–50% of patients may develop PMPS. Stellate ganglion
blockade has been performed as a diagnostic, prognostic, or therapeutic intervention for different
pain syndromes.
Objective: The aim of this study is to evaluate and compare the efficacy and safety of thermal
versus super voltage pulsed radiofrequency (RF) application of stellate ganglion in neuropathic
PMPS in cancer patients.
Study Design: A prospective, double-blind, randomized, and controlled trial.
Methods: Eighty patients with PMPS after surgery for breast cancer were recruited from the pain
clinic of the National Cancer Institute with pain duration of more than 6 months and less than 2
years, visual analog scale (VAS) ≥ 40 mm, and not responding to oxycodone and pregabalin for at
least 4 weeks. The pain had to be of positive neuropathic character, as detected by the grading
system for neuropathic pain (GSNP; score of 3 or 4). The patients were allocated into 2 equally
sized groups:
Group A: Pulsed RF; super voltage pulsed RF was applied with a time of 360 seconds at 42º C, with
a pulse width of 20 m/sec and voltage of 60–70 v.
Group B: Thermal RF; thermal RF neurolysis was applied with a time of 60 seconds at 80º C, and
was then was repeated twice after needle-tip rotation. Stellate ganglion RF therapy was done
under fluoroscopy, integrated by ultrasound guidance. The patients were assessed for pain relief
by change in VAS score, functional improvement, and the analgesic concomitant medication
(oxycodone and pregabalin) consumption prior to block and at 1, 4, 12, and 24 weeks thereafter.
The impact of treatment on quality of life (assessed by short-form health survey questionnaire [SF36]) and patient function capacity (assessed by the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group [ECOG])
were also recorded.
Results: The percentage of patients who had successful response was significantly higher in the
thermal RF group compared to the pulsed RF group at the first week and first, third, and sixth months,
with significant difference in post-mastectomy pain intensity, functional improvement, and less rescue
analgesia. There was no significant difference in quality of life or patient functional capacity.
Limitations: A longer follow-up period may be needed for the evaluation of RF effect on PMPS.
Conclusions: Thermal RF of the stellate ganglion is a safe and successful treatment for PMPS. It
appears to be more effective than pulsed RF of the stellate ganglion in this pain syndrome.
Key words: Cancer breast, post mastectomy pain syndrome, stellate ganglion block,
radiofrequency therapy
Fluoroscopically-Guided Superior Hypogastric
Plexus Neurolysis Using a Single Needle:
A Modified Technique for a Posterolateral
Transdiscal Approach
Authors: Liliang Po-Chou
Published: October 2019

Background: A superior hypogastric plexus block is difficult to perform and hampered by bony
structures of the iliac crest and transverse process of L5.
Objective: We report on a fluoroscopically guided posterolateral transdiscal technique for
superior hypogastric plexus neurolysis using a single needle.
Study Design: A technical note describing interventional procedures.
Setting: The neurosurgery department of a cancer hospital.
Methods: The patient was placed in the prone position with a pillow beneath the iliac crest to
facilitate opening of the intervertebral disc. The entry point for the needle was 7–8 cm to the left
of the midline of the L45 level. The spinal needle was slightly advanced caudally toward the L5-
S1 disc and at a 40° angle from the vertical plane. Using lateral fluoroscopic control, the needle
was advanced beneath the inferior aspect of the facet joint. After entering the disc, the needle
was then advanced until it passed the anterior annulus fibrosus of the L5S1 disc. After verifying
adequate position using contrast, 3 mL of 75% ethanol was injected for neurolysis.
Results: During the follow-up, the patient reported reduction of pain in the lower abdomen and
quality of life was significantly improved.
Limitations: Sample size; no placebo control.
Conclusion: Although different approaches exist, we prefer the posterolateral transdiscal
approach for superior hypogastric plexus block and neurolysis using a single needle. This technique
is a valuable alternative.
Key words: Superior hypogastric plexus neurolysis, transdiscal approach, cancer pain
Comparison of 3 Anesthetic Methods for
Percutaneous Transforaminal Endoscopic
Discectomy: A Prospective Study
Authors: Gu Guangfei
Published: October 2019

Background: Percutaneous transforaminal endoscopic discectomy (PTED) under local anesthesia
(LA) is growing popular in recent years because of its safety, effectiveness and increased patient
demands for minimally invasive procedures. To avoid neural injuries, local anesthesia that can keep
the patient conscious is recommended. However, many patients complain about the severe pain
during surgery. Epidural anesthesia (EA) is an alternative choice. We put forward an anesthetic
method that combined preemptive analgesia (PA) and local anesthesia.
Objectives: The study aimed to assess the effectiveness of 3 methods of anesthesia for PTED,
LA, EA and PA.
Study Design: A prospective study.
Methods: Three groups of patients were treated with standard PTED under LA, PA or EA,
respectively. The data collected for analysis were operative time, x-ray exposure time, postoperative
bed time, visual analog scale (VAS), Oswestry Back Pain Disability Index (ODI), the global outcome
based on the Macnab outcome criteria, satisfaction rate of anesthesia, and complications.
Results: A total of 240 consecutive patients were enrolled in this study from January 2014 to
December 2016. Among 3 groups, 1-week postoperatively VAS (back and leg) and ODI were
improved compared with preoperative data, and the excellent/good rates were all above 90%.
However, satisfaction rate of anesthesia showed significant differences among the 3 groups.
PA and EA showed significantly better performance in pain management intraoperatively and
1 hour postoperatively. The operation time of group PA was the shortest and group EA was the
longest. No severe neural injuries occurred in any of the 3 groups. Transient paresis of lower
limbs occurred in all 3 groups and showed no significant differences. Decreased muscle strength
of lower limbs postoperatively occurred in 2 patients in group EA. The incidence of nausea and
vomiting postoperatively was significantly higher in group PA (6 cases, 7.50%). There were 3 cases
of dysuria postoperatively in group EA (3.75%).
Limitation: First, this is a single center study. Second, this study investigated the effects of
anesthesia on perioperative period and the follow-up time was relatively short. Third, we choose
morphine in group PA and there are other types of anesthetics which may be used in preemptive
analgesia in further study.
Conclusion: All 3 of these anesthetic methods are safe to avoid neural injuries. EA and PA
showed better performance in pain management but had more anesthesia-related complications.
Key words: Percutaneous transforaminal endoscopic discectomy (PTED), local anesthesia,
epidural anesthesia, preemptive analgesia, morphine, ropivacaine, pain management, visual
analog scale (VAS), Oswestry Back Pain Disability Index (ODI)
Dorsal Root Ganglion Stimulation (DRGS) for
the Treatment of Chronic Neuropathic Pain: A
Single-Center Study with Long-Term Prospective
Results in 62 Cases
Authors: Morgalla Matthias H.
Published: October 2019

Background: Dorsal root ganglion stimulation (DRGS) treats discrete, localized areas of neuropathic
pain. But there are no long-term results available so far.
Objectives: We studied the long-term outcome of DRGS used in the treatment of chronic
neuropathic pain.
Study Design: A prospective, longitudinal single center investigation.
Setting: Academic medical center in Germany.
Methods: Patients (age >18 years) with chronic neuropathic pain in the hands, back, legs, knees
and feet were prospectively examined. After a successful test-trial (duration of 3-14 days, pain
decrease > 50%), a permanent generator was implanted. The patients were re-examined after 1 year,
2 years and 3 years. We used the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), the Pain Disability Index (PDI), the Pain
Catastrophizing Scale (PCS), the Brief Pain Inventory (BPI), and, the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI)
for our assessments.
Results: We included 62 consecutive patients (27 females, 35 males, mean age 56.8 years, with an
age range from 28 to 82 years, 62/51 to permanent conversion) during the time period from March
2012 until March 2016. Fifty-one patients had a successful test-trial and a generator was implanted
subsequently. Results after 3 years: the VAS dropped from Mdn = 8 to Mdn = 4 (P = 0.0001). The PDI
decreased from Mdn = 45 to Mdn = 23 (P = 0.003). The PCS decreased from Mdn = 34 to Mdn = 21 (P
= 0.001). The BPI dropped from Mdn = 73 to Mdn = 30 (P = 0.003). The BDI decreased from Mdn = 36
to Mdn = 21 (P = 0.010). Fourteen patients showed complications (27.4%).
Limitations: This study is limited by the small number of patients in the single groups of the
different pain locations.
Conclusion: DRGS may be an effective long-term method of treating discrete, localized areas of
chronic neuropathic pain. We would recommend DRGS for the treatment of chronic neuropathic pain
in such areas.
Key words: Knee pain, foot pain, hand pain, groin pain, neuromodulation, dorsal root ganglion
stimulation, chronic neuropathic pain, paresthesia mapping
Subclinical Peripheral Neuropathy in Patients
with Head and Neck Cancer: A Quantitative
Sensory Testing (QST) Study
Authors: Roldan Carlos J.
Published: October 2019

Background: Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) is a common and chronic
complication associated with cancer treatment. Prior investigations have demonstrated the
presence of subclinical peripheral neuropathy in patients with colorectal cancer even before the
patients had received chemotherapy.
Objective: To investigate subclinical peripheral neuropathy of the upper limbs in patients with
squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the head and neck which developed before their exposure to
neurotoxic anticancer agents.
Study Design: Retrospective analysis.
Methods: With the use of our quantitative sensory testing (QST) data bank, we retrospectively
assessed the afferent fiber function of 25 patients with SCC of the head and neck before they
had received chemotherapy (the patient group) and compared our findings with those from 23
healthy control patients. Skin temperature, sensorimotor function, sharpness detection, thermal
detection, and touch detection (using both von Frey monofilaments and the Bumps detection test)
were measured.
Results: Touch thresholds were statistically higher in the patient group than in the healthy
volunteer group at the palm (mean [± SD], 0.54 g [± 0.07 g] and 0.27 g [± 0.05 g], respectively
[P < 0.01]) and at the forearm (0.74 g [± 0.12 g] and 0.41 g [± 0.08 g] [P < 0.05]). There was
also a clear deficit in touch sensation as indicated by a Bumps detection threshold in patients
of 6.5 µm ± 0.8 µm and in controls of 3.7 µm ± 0.5 µm. This yields an elevation in threshold to
165% in the patients relative to that of the control volunteers. The grooved pegboard test showed
delayed completion times for patients compared with controls, with differences of 18.65 seconds
in the dominant hand and of 23.36 seconds in the nondominant hand. The sharpness detection
thresholds did not differ between patients and volunteers.
Limitations: Inadequacies in the original data acquisition and documentation of the QST and the
medical records could not be addressed due to the retrospective nature of the study. In addition,
based on available information, we did not find an objective parameter able to correlate the QST
findings with pre-pain levels.
Conclusion: Patients with SCC were found to have deficits in sensory function before undergoing
treatment, suggesting that cancer itself alters peripheral nerve function and may contribute to
the development of CIPN. These results confirm the sensitivity of the Bumps detection test and
highlight its potential role in early detection of peripheral neuropathy, especially in cancer patients
for whom chemotherapies associated with CIPN have been prescribed.
Key words: Peripheral neuropathy, head and neck cancer, quantitative sensory testing
Ionizing Radiation Dose Exposure to the Ocular
Region of Pain Physicians During C-arm Guided
Pain Interventions
Authors: Kelly Raymond
Published: October 2019

Background: The growth of interventional pain medicine in recent years has resulted in more
procedures being carried out under fluoroscopic guidance. The proximity of the pain physician
(PP) to ionization radiation (IR) potentially increases the risk of radiation exposure to the ocular
region. A European directive has reduced the limits of occupational ocular dose 7.5-fold.
Objectives: The objectives of this study are to quantify the typical IR exposure in the ocular
region of PP and to compare it to recommended international guidelines.
Study Design: Three consultants involved in the pain unit service were enrolled in the study
to reflect the dose implications involved with different caseloads, training obligations, and
procedure types. All 3 consultants were experienced primary operators.
Setting: The study was undertaken at the pain management suite in the South Infirmary
Victoria University Hospital (SIVUH). Annually, this unit performs 2,800 fluoroscopic guide pain
procedures.
Methods: Thermoluminescent dosimeters (TLDs) calibrated to measure eye lens doses [Hp
(0.07)] and whole-body doses (WBDs) were fitted to 3 pain consultants while they undertook
imaging-guided pain procedures using mobile C-arm fluoroscopy over a 3-month period. The
duration of radiation exposure, screening time (seconds), and procedure type were recorded.
Radiation dose was calculated to estimate the effective radiation dose to the ocular region
using (i) dose-area product (DAP) in milliGray per centimeter squared (mGycm2
) and (ii) Air
Kerma (AK) values in mGy.
Results: IR doses were effectively recorded in 682 cases over 3 months and the data
extrapolated. The estimated annual lens dose experienced by pain physicians performing
fluoroscopy-guided procedures is less than the recommended international guidelines. A
significant linear relationship between screening time and IR exposure was estimated (rs =
0.93, P < 0.01)
Limitations: In many centers, including our own, fluoroscopy procedures are undertaken by
nonconsultant staff. Therefore, a small single-center cohort recruiting experienced consultant
staff and not including pain fellows or registrars/residents with varying levels of experience is
a limitation.
Conclusion: While IR to the ocular region was significantly less than the recommended
European safety guidelines, the annual dose needs to be confirmed in pain physicians with a
lesser degree of clinical experience.
Key words: Ionizing radiation, ocular, radiation protection, pain medicine, interventional
Feasibility of Percutaneous Robot-Assisted
Epiduroscopic System
Authors: Shin Dong Ah
Published: October 2019

Background: Endoscopy has replaced open surgery, especially in spinal surgery. Among
them, image-guided epiduroscopy allows pain generators to be identified, including epidural
adhesion, fibrotic tissues, root compression, and spinal stenosis. However, the heavy lead apron
worn by pain physicians to avoid exposure to radiation can induce occupational hazards, such
as orthopedic complications and radiation-induced cancer. Hence, we developed a robotic
system to address these problems.
Objective: The aim of the study was to evaluate the feasibility of a robot-controlled
epiduroscopic system.
Study Design: In vivo animal experiment.
Setting: University in Republic of Korea.
Methods: The robot-controlled epiduroscopic system was developed using the open
architecture robot system (The Raven Surgical Robotic System, CITRIS, Berkley, CA, USA).
The robotic system consists of a lab-made epiduroscope, steering section, robotic arm, and
manipulator. For the in vivo study, 2 Yorkshire pigs were used to simulate an epiduroscopic
procedure with the robotic system.
Results: The insertion and steering of the catheter was performed safely, and epiduroscopic
visualization was obtained without side effects. There were no device-related complications.
Radiation exposure for the primary operator was 80% lower than the levels found during
conventional epiduroscopic procedures. All live pigs showed normal behavior without any
signs of pain. The mean time to reach the target region was less than 8 minutes.
Limitations: The epiduroscopic procedure was performed on pigs and not on humans. The
dimensions of the spinal canal of pigs cannot compare to those of humans.
Conclusions: We demonstrated the feasibility of the robot-assisted epiduroscopic system.
Key Words: Epiduroscopy, robotic system, spine, pig, animal model
Clinical Benefits of Direct-to-Definitive
Testing for Monitoring Compliance in Pain
Management
Authors: Melanson Stacy
Published: October 2019

Background: The technical advantages of direct-to-definitive liquid chromatographytandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) urine testing for monitoring patient compliance in pain
management are well known. However, the design and implementation of LC-MS/MS methods are
more controversial, including factors such as determining appropriate cutoffs, specimen processing
(e.g., specimen hydrolysis), reporting of qualitative and/or quantitative results, and test menu.
Objectives: The objective of the research was to compare the clinical performance of our
previous urine pain toxicology panel, a combination of immunoassay (IA) screens and LC-MS/MS,
to our current pain toxicology panel, which features direct-to-definitive LC-MS/MS for 34 drugs
and metabolites.
Study Design: Six months of results from our previous pain toxicology panel were compared
to 5.5 months of results from our current pain toxicology panel, enabling us to make conclusions
regarding clinical performance.
Setting: The research took place at Brigham and Women’s Hospital in Boston, MA.
Methods: The percentage of false positive IA results was evaluated for our previous pain
toxicology panel. The positivity rates for each drug and/or metabolite were calculated for both
the previous and current panels, including rates of detection of both prescribed and illicit drugs.
The turnaround time (TAT), direct and send-out costs associated with each approach, as well as
projected cost savings were also determined.
Results: False positive rates with IA ranged from 0% to 29%; the highest false positive rate was
seen for 6-acetylmorphine (6-AM). The elimination of IA, addition of metabolites, and/or lowering
of cutoffs increased the detection rate of 6-AM, benzoylecgonine (cocaine metabolite), fentanyl,
morphine, and oxycodone. The ability to differentiate compliance from simulated compliance
improved after eliminating specimen hydrolysis. The TAT improved significantly and projected
yearly cost savings with the current panel was $95,003 (USD). In our opinion, qualitative results
appeared sufficient to assess compliance in the majority of cases.
Limitations: Our study was performed in a single academic center in a specific geographic
region; therefore, our results may not be generalizable to other types of centers or regions.
Conclusion: Direct-to-definitive LC-MS/MS testing has several clinical benefits, including
reduction of false positive results, improved assessment of patient compliance, decreased TAT, and
increased detection of drug use and abuse. Cost savings were also realized using this approach.
Key words: Direct-to-definitive, LC-MS/MS, immunoassay, sensitivity, cost, pain management,
turnaround time, patient compliance
Association Between Socio-Demographic and
Health Functioning Variables Among Patients
with Opioid Use Disorder Introduced by
Prescription: A Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Samaan Dr. Zainab
Published: October 2019

Background: Prescription opioid misuse in Canada has become a serious public health concern
and has contributed to Canada’s opioid crisis. There are thousands of Canadians who are currently
receiving treatment for opioid use disorder, which is a chronic relapsing disorder with enormous
impact on individuals and society.
Objectives: The aim of this study was to compare the clinical and demographic differences
between cohorts of patients who were introduced to opioids through a prescription and those
introduced to opioids for non-medical purposes.
Study Design: This was an observational, prospective cohort study.
Setting: The study took place in 19 Canadian Addiction Treatment Centres across Ontario.
Methods: We included a total of 976 participants who were diagnosed with Opioid Use Disorder
and currently receiving methadone maintenance treatment. We excluded participants who were on
any other type of prescription opioid or who were missing their 6-month follow-up urine screens.
We measured the participants’ initial source of introduction to opioids along with other variables
using the Maudsley Addiction Profile. We also measured illicit opioid use using urine screens at
baseline and at 6-months follow-up.
Results: Almost half the sample (n = 469) were initiated to opioids via prescription. Women were
more likely to be initiated to opioids via a prescription (OR = 1.385, 95% CI 1.027-1.866, P = .033).
Those initiated via prescription were also more likely to have post-secondary education, older age
of onset of opioid use, less likely to have hepatitis C and less likely to have use cannabis. Chronic
pain was significantly associated with initiation to opioids through prescription (OR = 2.720, 95%
CI 1.998-3.722, P < .0001). Analyses by gender revealed that men initiated by prescription were
less likely to have liver disease and less likely to use cannabis, while women initiated by prescription
had a higher methadone dose.
Limitations: This project was limited by its study design being observational in nature; no causal
relationships can be inferred. Also, the data did not allow determination of the role that the
prescribed opioids played in developing opioid use disorder.
Conclusions: Our results have revealed that almost half of this methadone maintenance
treatment (MMT) population has been introduced to opioids through a prescription. Given that
the increasing prescribing rates of opioids has an impact on this at-risk population, alternative
treatments for pain should be considered to help decrease this opioid epidemic in Canada.
Key words: Opioid use disorder, chronic pain relief, methadone maintenance treatment,
prescriptions, male, female
Fluoroscopically-Guided Cervical Zygapophyseal
Therapeutic Joint Injections May Reduce the
Need for Radiofrequency Neurotomy
Authors: Huston Christopher
Published: October 2019

Background: There is a paucity of literature studying therapeutic intraarticular zygapophyseal
(commonly referred to as facet) joint injections in the atraumatic patient population. As a result of
this, intraarticular injections have been dismissed as a possible treatment for cervical zygapophyseal
joint-mediated pain. Radiofrequency neurotomy (RFN) is currently the accepted treatment for facet
joint neck pain.
Objective: This prospective observational study investigated injection response in an atraumatic
population to determine treatment viability and whether injections reduce the need for RFN in neck
pain patients.
Study Design: Observational case series study.
Setting: This study took place in the outpatient clinic of a private practice.
Methods: The double-block paradigm (DBP) was used to determine if symptoms were zygapophyseal
joint-mediated. Lidocaine and bupivacaine diagnostic injections were used. Participants passing the
DBP underwent fluoroscopically-guided cervical zygapophyseal joint injections (betamethasone and
1% lidocaine) and 1 year of follow-up. Outcomes were a Verbal Numeric Scale score (VNS) > 2, 50%
decrease in VNS, patient-reported improvement, and opioid use at the 1-year follow-up.
Results: One hundred and eighteen patients were enrolled; 51 passed the DBP. These 51 patients
underwent injections. Forty-four patients (59 joints) were surveyed 1 year later with 7 follow-up
losses. Thirty-four of 59 joints showed ≥ 2-point VNS reductions or ≥ 50% overall symptomatic
improvement after 1 year. Twenty-four of 44 ceased narcotics use.
Limitations: The limitations of this research included the lack of randomization and blinding,
smaller sample size, and reliance on subjective reporting from the participants both immediately after
the procedures and at follow-up. As this was a prospective observational study, there is the possibility
of unintended bias by both patients as well as the authors.
Conclusion: Cervical zygapophyseal joint injections may reduce the need for RFN; additional
studies are required.
Key words: Neck pain, facet joint, cervical zygapophyseal joint injections, radiofrequency neurotomy
Ultrasound-Guided Genicular Nerve Block
for Knee Osteoarthritis: A Double-Blind,
Randomized Controlled Trial of Local Anesthetic
Alone or in Combination with Corticosteroid
Authors: Choi Woo-Jong
Published: October 2019

Background: Recently, several studies suggested that radiofrequency (RF) ablation of the genicular
nerves is a safe and effective therapeutic procedure for intractable pain associated with chronic
knee osteoarthritis (OA). Diagnostic genicular nerve block (GNB) with local anesthetic has been
generally conducted before making decisions regarding RF ablation. Although GNB has been recently
performed together with corticosteroid, the analgesic effects of corticosteroids for treating chronic
pain remain controversial.
Objectives: The current study aims to assess the effects of combining corticosteroids and local
anesthesia during ultrasound-guided GNB in patients with chronic knee OA.
Study Design: A randomized, double-blinded institutional study.
Setting: This study took place at Asan Medical Center in Seoul, Korea.
Methods: Forty-eight patients with chronic knee OA were randomly assigned to either the lidocaine
alone group (n = 24) or lidocaine plus triamcinolone (TA) group (n = 24) before ultrasound-guided
GNB. Visual analog scale (VAS), Oxford Knee Score (OKS), and global perceived effects (7-point scale)
were assessed at baseline and at 1, 2, 4, and 8 weeks after the procedure.
Results: The VAS scores were significantly lower in the lidocaine plus TA group than in the lidocaine
alone group at both 2 (P < 0.001) and 4 (P < 0.001) weeks after GNB. The alleviation of intense pain
in the lidocaine plus TA group was sustained up to 2 weeks after the procedure, in accordance with
the definition of a minimal clinically important improvement. Although a similar intergroup difference
in OKSs was observed at 4 weeks (P < 0.001), the clinical improvement in functional capacity lasted
for only one week after the reassessment of OKSs, in accordance with a minimal important change.
No patient reported any postprocedural adverse events during the follow-up period.
Limitations: The emotional state of the patients, which might affect the perception of knee pain,
was not evaluated. The follow-up period was 2 months; this period might be insufficient to validate
the short-term effects of GNB.
Conclusions: Ultrasound-guided GNB, when combined with a local anesthetic and corticosteroid,
can provide short-term pain relief. However, the clinical benefit of corticosteroid administration
was not clear in comparison with local anesthesia alone. Given the potential adverse effects,
corticosteroids might not be appropriate as adjuvants during a GNB for chronic knee OA.
The study protocol was approved by our institutional review board (2012-0210), and written
informed consent was obtained from all patients. The trial was registered with the Clinical Research
Information Service (KCT 0001139).
Key words: Chronic pain, knee osteoarthritis, genicular nerve block, ultrasound, corticosteroid,
local anesthetic, visual analog scale, Oxford Knee Score
ANNA KUMARI: MAESTRO SENI TARI DAN SONGKET PALEMBANG
Authors: Ajisman Ajisman
Published: October 2019

Penulisan biografi Anna Kumari bertujuan untuk mengungkap dan menjelaskan pemikirannya tentang tari dan songket tradisional Palembang. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode sejarah, yaitu menjelaskan suatu persoalan berdasarkan perspektif sejarah. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sosok Anna Kumari adalah sebagai seorang seni pertunjukan dan koreografer terkemuka di Palembang dimana ia menciptakan tidak kurang dari 50 jenis tarian tradisional dan tarian kontemporer. Karya tariannya tidak hanya tampil di bumi Sriwijaya tapi juga mencapai panggung nasional, bahkanmancanegara. Anna Kumari juga dikenal sebagai penenun Songket Palembang yang terkenal. Usaha menenun awalnya didirikan untuk memenuhi kebutuhan tari dan kemudian pada akhirnya berkembang menjadi industri rumah tangga yang sedang berkembang. Anna Kumari telah menerima banyak penghargaan atas usahanya mempromosikan Songket Palembang, baik dari pemerintah, maupun institusi lainnya
NILAI BUDAYA MINANGKABAU DALAM UNGKAPAN TRADISIONAL MASYARAKAT PASAMAN BARAT
Authors: Hasanadi Hasanadi
Published: October 2019

Kecamatan Pasaman Kabupaten Pasaman Barat. Beberapa ungkapan dimaksud adalah: (1) Ungkapan Simpang Tonang tajam sabalah; (2) Ungkapan teleang kupiah Rang Mandiangin; (3) Ungkapan Talu Rancak di labuah; (4) Ungkapan barek sabalah Nak Rang Talu; (5) Ungkapan kalam basigi lakuang batinjau; (6) Ungkapan tasingguang labiah bak kanai; (7) Ungkapan nak muliya tape’i janji. Dengan menggunakan pendekatan hermeneutik disimpulkan bahwa setiap ungkapan merefleksikan pesan budaya Minangkabau, yaitu: (1) Adil proporsional; (2) Berpikir lurus komprehensif; (3) Pentingnya kesesuaian antara hati dan perbuatan; (4) Berimbang; (5) Teliti dan tuntas; (6) Stabil emosi; (7) Tepat janji; (8)Teguh pendirian; (9) Cerdas lingkungan; dan (10) Beryukur dan berekspresi.
KEARIFAN LOKAL DALAM UNGKAPAN TRADISIONAL: MEMBACA ULANG KARAKTERISTIK MASYARAKAT PASAMAN BARAT
Authors: Hasanadi Hasanadi
Published: October 2019

Melalui tulisan ini diketengahkan bahasan tentang karakteristik masyarakat Minangkabau di Pasaman Barat Provinsi Sumatera Barat, yaitu sebagai bagian dari kearifan lokal (local wisdom). Hal ini direfleksikan melalui berbagai ungkapan tradisional Minangkabau yang terdapat di daerah ini. Ungkapantradisional dimaksud adalah : (1) Ungkapan mandapek raso kailangan; (2) Ungkapan sairiang batuka jalan sarupo balain sabuik; (3) Ungkapan jorong batakok tanun baguluang; (4) Ungkapan mamak bapisau tajam kamanakan balihia gantiang; dan (5) Ungkapan maampang ndak sampai ka subarangmandindiang ndak sampai ka langik. Dengan menggunakan pendekatan hermeneutik disimpulkan bahwa kelima ungkapan berbicara tentang berbagai karakteristik masyarakat Minangkabau di Pasaman Barat, di antaranya responsif, menghargai perbedaan, profesional, bertanggung jawab, proporsional, berpikir jauh ke depan serta toleran.
Improving The Knowledge Of Primary School Children On Fourth Grade Stundents About Vegetables And Fruits And Attraction Of Puzzle Media In SDN Mekarjaya I
Authors: Arynda Wiena , M Marbun Rosmida
Published: October 2019

In Indonesia, 93.5% of the population aged ≥10 years still consume less fruits and vegetables 5 servings per day for 7 days a week (RISKESDAS, 2013).  The preliminary study conducted at SDN Mekarjaya I shows that the level of knowledge of school children about vegetables and fruits by 60% is still low and 93.3% of vegetable and fruit consumption is still lacking. In addition, SDN Mekarjaya I has never been used as a place of prior research. Therefore, it is necessary to conduct research on the knowledge of fruit vegetables in the fourth grade students of SDN Mekarjaya I. One of them is by doing counseling with the media of puzzle game. This research was conducted to know the increase of knowledge about vegetables and fruits before and after given counseling with puzzle game media in fourth grade students of SDN Mekarjaya I. This research was conducted by Pre-exsperiment method using "One group pretest and posttest" research design. Sampling by purposive sampling is 66 people. The statistical test used is paired sample t-test. Based on the results of the analysis shows that there is a significant difference of knowledge where p-value 0.000 or p <0,05 means there is a meaningful difference between before and after given counseling with puzzle game media.This puzzle game media can be developed by the teachers as a medium of learning in the classroom so that students are more motivated in following the learning process and make students do not feel bored
Definitive Nasalsilicone Material Prosthesis To Replace The Nose Lost In Post Total Rhinectomy Patient: Case Report
Authors: Prawesthi Endang , Riady Dany
Published: October 2019

Patients with loss of nasal anatomy effect surgical defects after total rhinectomy, often feel shame and  less  0f  confident to socialize with the people around. The defect due to loss of the nose can be repaired by nasal prosthesis. This nasal protesa is generally made by using flexible materials such as silicone. Silicone type room temperature vilcanitation (RTV) material is a silicone material often used because it is easy to manufacture, has good physical properties that is more adaptable to the skin and can be used in the long term. The purpose: to determine the stages and problem solving of the difficulties that arise in the procedure of fabricating  definitive nasal prosthesis with RTV silicone material. The method is based on working model done in dental laboratory, starting from the preparation of work model, night pattern making, duplicate work model, flasking, boiling out, silicone application, curing, deflasking, finishing prosthesis. The results obtained by the prosthesis with the basic color and still require further staining, the natural anatomical form and in accordance with the working model although there is little porous in some places. Conclusion: the fabrication of nasal prostheses with RTV silicone material can be done with good results with anatomical form and texture that are almost identical to the original nose, but there is a shortage of the prosthesis can not be repaired in case of fault during the fabricating process
Indoor Dust Exposure Detection System For Air Purifier Controller Based Arduino And LabVIEW
Authors: Handayani Indah Nursyamsi , Mamurotun Mamurotun
Published: October 2019

Dust is a very small solid particle (generally in units of micron) carried by air so it can be breathed anywhere either outdoors or indoors. According to the decision of kepala badan pengendalian dampak lingkungan number: Kep-107/Kabapedal/11/1997, dust exposure is one of the indicators of air pollution affecting the quality of life and public health. Therefore, a system capable of detecting and controlling the level of dust exposure is required. In this study a dust-proof detection was designed using the GP2Y1010AUOF sensor as a dust or particulate matter (PM10) and DS18B20 sensor which is a digital temperature sensor to monitor room temperature. As a simulation of air neutralization used mini car home dual use usb humidifier water-drop air purifier aroma diffus, Arduino Uno as Master Control Unit (MCU) which functions to manage data sensor readings into digital data and to display the level of exposure of dust and air temperature of the room is used LCD character 16x2. A graphical and numerical display of data is displayed on a computer or laptop using graphical user interface LabVIEW.
Assay Of Paracetamol Syrup In Different Storage Temperatures By High Performance Liquid Chromatography
Authors: Ulfa Dian Maria , Irawan Dodi
Published: October 2019

Paracetamol formulated in solution, can be hydrolyzed to p-aminophenol, then can be broken down again into quinone-imin. The decomposition rate of paracetamol increases when the temperature is raised and if it is exposed to light directly. The habit of people in storing drugs after the packaging is opened and will be used again raises concerns about the quality of the drugs contained in the drug. The purpose of this study was to determine the level of paracetamol stored at room temperature and chiller temperature using the High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) method. The study was conducted by testing the levels of paracetamol syrup on the first day and after being stored for three days. Samples were divided into two groups of storage temperatures, room temperature and chiller temperature. The HPLC system used is the L1 column, the mobile phase water-methanol P mixture (3: 1), the flow rate 1.5. The average paracetamol levels at day 1 storage at room temperature and chiller temperature were 104.61% and 102.38%. The average paracetamol levels at day 3 storage at room temperature and chiller temperature were 102, 44% and 98.81%. Storage of paracetamol syrup at the chiller temperature produces smaller levels than at room temperature. Storage for three days shows a significant decrease in levels both at room temperature or chiller temperature (pvalue <0.05).
تقويم برنامج إعداد المعلم بكلية التربية جامعة سرت في ضوء بعض معايير الجودة من وجهة نظر أعضاء هيئة التدريس والطلاب بالكلية
Authors: عيسى إمحمد عمر , عبدالرحمن سعاد محمد
Published: October 2019

هدفت الدراسة الحالية إلى تقويم برنامج إعداد المعلم بكلية التربية جامعة سرت في ضوء بعض معايير الجودة من وجهة نظر أعضاء هيئة التدريس والطلاب بالكلية ، وسعت الدراسة إلى معرفة مدى توافر معايير الجودة في برنامج الإعداد، واستخدمت الدراسة المنهج الوصفي التحليلي مستعينة بأداةالاستبيإن لجمع المعلومات ، تم تطبيقها على عينة من أعضاء هيئة التدريس والطلاب بالكلية ، وتوصلت الدراسة إلى مجموعة من النتائج أهمها : بينت الدراسة إن هناك فروقاً في استجابات عينة الدراسة من الطلاب وأعضاء هيئة التدريس بالكلية من حيث توافر معايير الجودة في برنامج إعداد المعلم لصالح الطلاب ،بينما النتائج المستقاه من استجابات أعضاء هيئة التدريس حول درجة توافر معايير الجودة في برنامج إعداد المعلم بكلية التربية جامعة سرت كإنت منخفضة حسب إنأعضاء هيئة التدريس بالكلية بمختلف متغيراتهم.
الكلمات المفتاحية: تقويم ، برنامج ، إعداد المعلم ، معايير ، الجودة.
TECHNOSPHERE AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY IN RAILWAY TRANSPORT
Authors: S'emschikov Sergey , Kanenkin Evgeniy
Published: October 2019

The article discusses the impact of harmful and hazardous production factors on the work of locomotive crews. Identified key problems in the work of the locomotive crew, proposed measures to reduce occupational risk and improve occupational safety
ANALYSIS OF FACTORS AFFECTING PRICING IN THE OIL MARKET
Authors: Zarubina Yuliya
Published: October 2019

The article considers, systematizes and analyzes the main factors affecting the price

of petroleum products. Classification of factors with allocation of factors of supply and demand, factors of objective and subjective character is offered. Seasonality factor are analyzed. The modern

tendencies of the market of oil products are defined
ROLE OF INDEPENDENT WORK OF STUDENTS AT TECHNICAL UNIVERSIY
Authors: Sitosanova Ol'ga
Published: October 2019

The article deals with the role of students’ independent work in studying at Technical

University. The main techniques and exercises using at foreign language lessons are defined
HUBUNGAN LINGKAR PINGGANG DENGAN KEJADIAN DIABETES MELLITUS PADA PASIEN USIA 30 SAMPAI 50 TAHUN DI PUSKESMAS KOTA MATSUM MEDAN
Authors: Afriandi Dian
Published: October 2019

The purpose of this study was to identify blood sugar levels in obese patients in the Matsum City Public Health Center Medan and to analyze the relationship between waist circumference and the incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus in patients at the Matsum City Public Health Center in Medan. This research was conducted by analytic survey with a Cross Sectional design where all data concerning research variables were collected by approaching, observing or collecting data at a time. The sample used was 69 people. The results in this study found that there was a relationship between waist circumference and the incidence of diabetes mellitus in patients in the Work Area of ​​Kota Matsum Health Center, Medan, North Sumatra.
Argumentações de um grupo de professores acerca do uso de atividades investigativas
Authors: De Carvalho Leite Joici , De Oliveira Magalhães Júnior Carlos Alberto , Rodrigues Maria Aparecida
Published: October 2019

Este artigo versou sobre os resultados parciais de uma pesquisa de mestrado, que teve como objetivo averiguar as reflexões um grupo de estudos composto por dez participantes, sobre o uso de atividades investigativas no ensino de ciências. Assim, mediante a leitura de artigos, e a realização de atividades envolvendo a temática em questão, o grupo foi instigado a responder questões referentes a este tipo de ensino. Os dados foram coletados por meio de gravações em áudio e respostas a um questionário e analisados de acordo com o embasamento teórico de autores que defendem o uso de atividades investigativas nas aulas de Ciências. Com os resultados obtidos inferimos que uma parcela expressiva dos participantes da pesquisa apresentou uma visão tradicional em relação ao ensino de ciências e, também, certa resistência ao uso de atividades investigativas. Entretanto, com o desenvolvimento das atividades do grupo, um ambiente de reflexão foi estabelecido dando abertura para a aceitação e construção de conhecimentos científicos de cunho investigativo, contribuindo significativamente na formação continuada do grupo de professores.
A formação de professores (as) em ciências biológicas
Authors: De Oliveira Neto José Firmino , Neves Vieira Santana Aline , Shuvartz Marilda
Published: October 2019

A formação de professores tem se pautado por um paradigma de ensino tradicional. Nesse intuito, advoga-se a favor de uma epistemologia da práxis, na busca por uma ruptura paradigmática no âmbito da formação, visando contemplar conhecimentos outros. Assim, objetivou-se compreender como os alunos de um curso de formação de professores em Ciências Biológicas (CB) têm manifestado em seu discurso outros sentidos para o processo de ensino-aprendizagem. Para tanto, empregou-se uma abordagem de pesquisa qualitativa, constituída mediante um estudo de caso. Os dados que dialogam com os pressupostos teóricos que são utilizados neste trabalho, advieram de uma Roda de conversa que ocorreu com os alunos de uma turma de Estágio Supervisionado I no curso de licenciatura em CB da Universidade Federal de Goiás, após a realização do projeto de intervenção pedagógica na escola campo. Para análise dos dados fez-se uso da Análise de Discurso, emergindo sete categorias das quais quatro são foco de discussão neste trabalho, sendo elas: Afetividade; Sentimentos conclusivos; Identidade Docente e Adjetivação. As representações dos licenciandos demonstram que há possibilidades para ruptura com as práticas tradicionais. Reporta-se, nesse sentido, que há lugar para conhecimentos outros na formação.
O estudo do solo e da água a partir da cuia de chimarrão
Authors: Costa Joisiane Da Silva Lemos , Silveira Daniel Da Silva , Neves Júlia Guimarães
Published: October 2019

Este artigo baseia-se na observação dos ambientes aquáticos da cidade de Mostardas/RS, bem como no hábito cultural do consumo do chimarrão, tradicionalmente cultivado naquela localidade. O objetivo deste estudo foi compreender a possível elaboração de novos métodos de aprendiza­gem sobre o solo e a água, utilizando a cuia de chimarrão como tema gerador da prática pedagógica. A pesquisa foi realizada com 20 estudantes do Ensino Fundamental de uma escola pública. A metodologia da pesquisa consistiu na organização de uma Unidade de Aprendizagem dividida em quatro momentos: a cuia de chimarrão na minha casa / da terra para as nossas mãos: o estudo do solo / das nossas águas ao nosso chimarrão: o estudo da água / e a roda de chimarrão: natureza e cultura nas aulas de ciências. Partindo da prática pedagógica, estabeleceram-se compreensões acerca do tema gerador contextualizadas com o ensino de Ciências, bem como os conteúdos sobre solo e água. Destarte, este trabalho permitiu concluir que os conteúdos curriculares podem ser estudados em diálogo com temas geradores vinculados à realidade dos estudantes, resultando na interação destes em uma busca por novos saberes, além de desafiar o professor a repensar sua prática pedagógica no ensino de Ciências.
Implementação do Laboratório de Ensino de Matemática em Escolas de Educação Básica: repensando o processo de ensino e aprendizagem
Authors: Weber Elizangela , Marostega João Sidinei , Abitante Lucilaine Goin , Fuchs Mariele Josiane
Published: October 2019

O Laboratório de Ensino de Matemática (LEM) tem sido objeto de estudo de várias pesquisas que buscam apontar as contribuições deste espaço para o ensino e aprendizagem da matemática. Como a maioria dos estudos tem se desenvolvido na direção da importância do LEM na formação inicial e continuada de professores, buscou-se a implementação deste espaço numa Escola de Educação Básica com o objetivo de vislumbrar aspectos significativamente positivos para o ensino da matemática a partir da experimentação destes materiais e instrumentos, além de verificar como seria a receptividade da direção, professores e alunos para esta proposta. Assim, decorridos três anos da sua organização, retornou-se a escola com uma pesquisa a fim de verificar se o laboratório encontrava-se preservado e utilizado por alunos e professores, além de saber quais foram as contribuições para o ensino de matemática. E, transcendendo os objetivos do projeto, constatou-se que a experiência do LEM serviu de trampolim para uma reorganização pedagógica da escola, contemplando laboratórios para as demais áreas do conhecimento. Porém, ficou manifestada a necessidade de formação continuada, a importância de trocar experiências e conhecer materiais que são desenvolvidos e pesquisados pela comunidade acadêmica, buscando um ensino contextualizado, prazeroso e significativo para os alunos.
O DISPOSITIVO DA INCLUSÃO ESCOLAR E A PRODUÇÃO DE SUBJETIVIDADES
Authors: Rigo Neusete Machado
Published: October 2019

Este artigo discute o processo de inclusão escolar e seus enredamentos com a questão das diferenças e da pedagogia. Parte do pressuposto que a inclusão é um dispositivo que afeta a pedagogia das escolas. Objetiva-se nesse estudo refletir sobre os efeitos dos processos de inclusão escolar na pedagogia das escolas, e também que subjetividades eles estão produzindo. Metodologicamente, trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa que desenvolve a análise documental e a descrição e análise de práticas segundo referenciais foucaultianos, utilizando especialmente os conceitos-ferramenta dispositivo, governamentalidade, subjetividade, e ainda, a noção de experiência. Como resultados, essa pesquisa aponta que o dispositivo da inclusão afeta as pedagogias das escolas desenvolvendo processos inclusivos que levam à normalização dos sujeitos, gerando subjetividades inclusivas. Mas também põe em funcionamento práticas que respeitam e acolhem os sujeitos e suas deficiências, sob uma ética da alteridade que está criando outras subjetividades. As conclusões indicam que os enunciados sobre as diferenças, que compõem o processo de inclusão escolar, estão mobilizando encontros com o outro e fabricando neste experiências, as quais transformam os sujeitos e acabam produzindo subjetividades sensíveis às diferenças.