bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Commentary: A Case for Minimizing Folate Supplementation in Clinical Regimens with Pemetrexed Based on the Marked Sensitivity of the Drug to Folate Availability
Authors: Chattopadhyay Shrikanta , Tamari Roni , Min Sang H. , Zhao Rongbao , Tsai Eugenia , Goldman I. David
Published: August 2007

Pemetrexed is a novel antifolate recently approved for the treatment of pleural mesothelioma and non-small cell lung cancer. In clinical regimens, pemetrexed is administered in conjunction with folic acid to minimize toxicity. However, excessive folate supplementation may also diminish the activity of this agent. The current study demonstrates, in several human solid tumor cell lines, that when extracellular 5-formyltetrahydrofolate levels are increased in vitro, within the range of normal human blood levels, there is a substantial decrease in pemetrexed activity upon continuous exposure to the drug. This was accompanied by a comparable lower level of trimetrexate activity consistent with an expansion of tumor cell folate pools. Likewise, when cells were exposed to pemetrexed with a schedule that simulates in vivo pharmacokinetics, there was markedly less cell killing with higher extracellular folate levels. Data are provided to indicate that 5-formyltetrahydrofolate is an acceptable surrogate for 5-methyltetrahydrofolate, the major blood folate, for this type of in vitro study. These observations and other reports suggest that, in view of the rise in serum folate and fall in serum homocysteine that has accompanied folic acid supplementation of food in the U.S., the addition of folic acid to regimens with pemetrexed should be limited to the lowest recommended level that provides optimal protection from pemetrexed toxicity.
Multidisciplinary Treatment of Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma
Authors: Ceresoli Giovanni Luca , Gridelli Cesare , Santoro Armando
Published: August 2007

Learning Objectives

After completing this course, the reader will be able to: Select appropriate treatment strategies for patients with MPM.Discuss the clinical development of new agents and therapeutic strategies, and how they could be integrated into the current armamentarium.Summarize the current understandings and pitfalls in staging MPM patients.

CME Access and take the CME test online and receive 1 AMA PRA Category 1 Credit™ at CME.TheOncologist.com
Review: Anti–CTLA-4 Antibody Ipilimumab: Case Studies of Clinical Response and Immune-Related Adverse Events
Authors: Weber Jeffrey
Published: August 2007

Learning Objectives

After completing this course, the reader will be able to: Describe the completed and ongoing clinical trials of ipilimumab in patients with advanced melanoma.Discuss the nature of immune-mediated adverse events, which are often associated with ipilimumab treatment.Describe several cases illustrating the kinetics of ipilimumab-mediated antitumor responses and the relationship to immune-mediated adverse events.

CME Access and take the CME test online and receive 1 AMA PRA Category 1 Credit™ at CME.TheOncologist.com
Modeling Water Movement in Heterogeneous Water‐Repellent Soil: 2. A Conceptual Numerical Simulation
Authors: Deurer M. , Bachmann J.
Published: August 2007

A new approach by Bachmann et al. describes the wetting behavior of soil with reduced wettability with a macroscopic dynamic contact angle concept. The contact angle (CA) is hysteretic and depends on both time and water content. A maximum CA is reached at the permanent wilting point and decreases during rewetting until achieving the minimum CA at a water content close to field capacity. To simulate water flow in a soil with dynamic wettability, we expand the van Genuchten parameterization of hydraulic properties to include the macroscopic CA. Both pore and pore‐surface properties can vary in space. We tested the new parameterization approach by simulating one drying–rewetting cycle in a forest soil profile. Our drying–rewetting cycle is a simplified scenario for a seasonal climate where a prolonged dry period is followed by a wet period. We could qualitatively reproduce many observations of water dynamics typically attributed to water‐repellent soils. The infiltration of water into hydrophobic soil created a distribution, fingering, and redistribution zone. With rewetting, the fingers slowly widened and finally dissipated. We further analyzed the sensitivity of the simulated water flow processes to the different wettability parameters. Fingers form where the average maximum CA is large (≥90°) but not in case of subcritical water repellency (average maximum CA <90°). The magnitude of the critical water content and the degree of pore heterogeneity also influence the initiation and stability of fingers. The infiltration into the root zone and the drainage out of the soil profile are highly sensitive to the degree and persistence of water repellency.
Adsorption–Desorption Processes in Subsurface Reactive Transport Modeling
Authors: Goldberg Sabine , Criscenti Louise J. , Turner David R. , Davis James A. , Cantrell Kirk J.
Published: August 2007

Adsorption–desorption reactions are important processes that affect the transport of contaminants in the environment. Various empirical approaches, such as the distribution coefficient and Freundlich and Langmuir isotherm equations, have been used to represent adsorption. The empirical approaches are not capable of accounting for the effects of variable chemical conditions, such as pH, on adsorption reactions. This can be done using chemical models such as surface complexation models. These models define specific surface species, chemical reactions, equilibrium constants, mass balances, and charge balances, and their molecular features can be given thermodynamic significance. Ion adsorption mechanisms and surface configurations for the surface complexation models can be established from independent experimental observations. These include both indirect measurements, such as point of zero charge shifts, ionic strength effects, and calorimetry, and direct spectroscopic techniques, including vibrational spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, and X‐ray absorption spectroscopy. Surface complexation models were developed for single mineral phases but have now been applied to natural mineral assemblages using both component additivity (CA) and generalized composite (GC) approaches. Surface complexation models have been incorporated into subsurface transport models at several field sites, although simplifying assumptions are needed to deal with heterogeneous materials. Surface complexation models for contaminant adsorption have the potential to increase the confidence and scientific credibility of transport modeling by reducing the uncertainty in quantifying retardation and providing a means of quantifying that uncertainty.
Water Behavior in Layered Porous Media with Discrete Flow Channels: Results of a Large‐Scale Experiment
Authors: Lenhard R. J. , Meakin P.
Published: August 2007

A meter‐scale experimental system (2‐m high by 2‐m deep by 3‐m wide) was used to investigate the behavior of water in a model system consisting of two unconsolidated sediment layers separated by a layer containing discrete flow channels. Stainless steel tubes were inserted vertically through a clayey matrix to represent the discrete flow‐channel layer. The experimental system was well characterized, and results from water infiltration experiments were analyzed. A time series of water arrival at a network of 86 probes located in the unconsolidated sediment layers is presented, as well as water pressure histories at specific locations. Some probes were located at opposite ends of the flow channels to assess water migration through the discrete flow‐channel layer. Analyses of the experimental results focused on capillary break phenomenon at the interface between the overlying unconsolidated layer and the underlying discrete flow channels. Dissimilar water pressure histories were measured at probes near the upper boundary of the discrete flow‐channel layer, suggesting varied and complex water flow behavior. At some locations, a steady or periodic “leaking” of water through the discrete flow channels appeared to occur, contrary to capillary break theory. The authors advocate larger‐scale experiments to advance our understanding and ability to model fluid flow across a wide range of spatial and temporal scales.
Nonaqueous‐Phase Liquid Infiltration and Immobilization in Heterogeneous Media: 2. Application to Stochastically Heterogeneous Formations
Authors: Fagerlund F. , Illangasekare T.H. , Niemi A.
Published: August 2007

We performed a series of well‐controlled laboratory experiments investigating the infiltration and subsequent immobilization of nonaqueous‐phase liquid (NAPL) in saturated heterogeneous media. A system of two distinct aquifer zones separated by a dipping interface was considered. Heterogeneity was represented by a spatially correlated random field with known geostatistical parameters in one zone in combination with a homogenous packing of the other zone. The effects of heterogeneity on NAPL flow and entrapment in each of the two zones were investigated. The time‐varying NAPL saturations were continuously monitored in space and the final static entrapment–saturation distribution was accurately measured. The immobilized‐NAPL distribution contributes to plume generation from source zones. The results show that capillary barriers produced by the small‐scale heterogeneity strongly influenced the migration paths and the final distribution of NAPL both in space and across different saturation ranges. The NAPL was immobilized both by snap‐off to discontinuous blobs and ganglia and by capillary barriers at textural interfaces. Heterogeneity generally increased entrapment, because spatial variations in capillary properties caused NAPL to be entrapped at higher saturations. Heterogeneity in the finer formation provided points of entry into this formation where the NAPL subsequently could spread as the pressure built up. The NAPL was immobilized at high saturations because high displacement pressures in the fine materials inhibited flow at low saturations. The accessibility for water flow through NAPL occurrences and thereby also the dissolution of NAPL is limited by (i) high entrapped NAPL saturations that decrease the aqueous‐phase relative permeability and (ii) the location of NAPL inside a formation with low average permeability.
The Ideology of Moderate Republicans in the House
Authors: Lucas DeWayne L , Deutchman Iva E
Published: August 2007

This paper examines the Republican Main Street Partnership, a moderate faction in an increasingly conservative Republican Party. Using party and interest group measures, we examine to what extent RMSP members differ from their fellow Republicans in their unity around partisan and ideological issues. We find that Partnership members differ from other Republicans in their partisan and ideological behavior, but share similarities with the Party on specific policy areas. Understanding these factional differences may shed further light on the political battles before the modern Republican Party.
The Decline of the American Superpower
Authors: Fry Earl H.
Published: August 2007

By 2040, the United States will no longer be considered as a global superpower and the world may be headed toward a long era devoid of any superpowers. This will occur as a result of several negative trends within the United States itself, combined with changing dynamics and exigencies in the global system and the rise of more powerful competitors in Asia and Europe. The negative trends within the United States include unprecedented governmental and international debt, dysfunctional campaign-finance and lobbying systems, unmanageable entitlement and health-care obligations, a deteriorating public education network, an inordinate concentration of wealth and power in the hands of relatively few individuals and corporate interests, and imperial overstretch. Internationally, globalization trends will necessitate much more cooperation across national borders with a premium placed on multilateral cooperation as opposed to unilateral initiatives. More than one-third of humanity in China and India is now being integrated into the international market system and new national and regional competitors such as the EU and ASEAN will diminish the overall economic and political influence of the United States. In 2040, the United States may be primus inter pares among the leading group of nations, but both the ``American Century" and America's ``unipolar moment" in history will have come to an end.
Bloomberg Triumphant: The Collapse of Democratic Hegemony in New York City
Authors: Kraus Jeffrey
Published: August 2007

The author contends that Michael Bloomberg's 2005 re-election signalled the collapse of Democratic Party dominance in New York mayoral elections. The author discusses the campaign, and suggests that the collapse of Democratic hegemony is due to the decline of the party organizations, the willingness of organized labor to support Republicans, and the city's changing economics and demographics.
Using Linear Mixed Models for Normalization of cDNA Microarrays
Authors: Haldermans Philippe , Shkedy Ziv , Van Sanden Suzy , Burzykowski Tomasz , Aerts Marc
Published: August 2007

Microarrays are a tool for measuring the expression levels of a large number of genes simultaneously. In the microarray experiment, however, many undesirable systematic variations are observed. Correct identification and removal of these variations is essential to allow the comparison of expression levels across experiments. We describe the use of linear mixed models for the normalization of two-color spotted microarrays for various sources of variation including printtip variation. Normalization with linear mixed models provides a parametric model of which results compare favorably to intensity dependent normalization LOWESS methods. We illustrate the use of this technique on two datasets. The first dataset contains 24 arrays, each with approximately 600 genes, replicated 3 times per array. A second dataset, coming from the apo AI experiment, was used to further illustrate the methods. Finally, a simulation study was done to compare between methods.
Letter: The Other Problems with the Stern Report
Authors: Hannesson Rognvaldur
Published: August 2007

The Stern Report seems optimistic about the cost of emissions reductions, and does not seriously face the fact that stabilizing the climate could require keeping much of the world in poverty, according to Rognvaldur Hannesson.
When Does Competition Lead to Efficient Investments?
Authors: Chatterjee Kalyan , Chiu Y. Stephen
Published: August 2007

The paper studies agents' general or specific investment decisions under different ownership structures in a thin, decentralized market where each agent's decision affects the decisions and welfare of other agents mainly through indirect market linkages. It focuses on the roles of both competition and ownership. An investor is more likely to make specific investments as an employee than as an owner. "Excess competition among investors" makes efficient, specific investments more likely. Otherwise, inefficient, general investments and irrelevance of ownership are more likely to result. The problem in which the choice variable is investment level, instead of investment type, yields less contrasting results.
Herding with Costly Observation
Authors: Kultti Klaus K , Miettinen Paavo A
Published: August 2007

We characterize optimal strategies in a simple herding model where observations have a small cost. We assume that there are two states and two possible signals that each agent may get. The prior distribution is biased towards adopting behavior. That is, ex-ante, adopting gives a higher expected utility than not adopting. Contrary to Kultti & Miettinen (2005) herding does not arise deterministically in this model when the cost of observation is small.
Evaluation of colon cancer elements contents in serum using statistical methods
Authors: Milde D. , Macháček J. , Stužka V.
Published: August 2007

Classification of normal and different cancer groups (TNM classification) with univariate and multivariate statistical methods according to the contents of Cu, Fe, Mn, Se, and Zn in blood serum is discussed. All serum samples were digested by acid mixture in a microwave mineralization unit prior to the analysis by atomic absorption spectrometry. Results show that univariate methods can distinguish normal and cancer groups. Level of selenium evaluated as arithmetic mean with its standard deviation in colorectal cancer patients was (42.61 ± 23.76) µg L−1. Retransformed mean was used to evaluate levels of managanese (11.99 ± 1.71) µg L−1, copper (1.05 ± 0.06) mg L−1, zinc (2.14 ± 0.21) mg L−1, and iron (1.82 ± 0.22) mg L−1. Conclusions of multivariate statistical procedures (principal component analysis, hierarchical, and k-means clustering) do not correlate very well with the division of serum samples according to the TNM classification.
Influence of two-phase system composition on biocatalytic properties of β-galactosidase preparations
Authors: Bednarski W. , Kulikowska A.
Published: August 2007

A comparison was made between the catalytic properties of β-galactosidase from Penicillium canescens and Aspergillus oryzae using lactose in two-phase systems of an organic solvent and water. It was shown that the ability of β-galactosidase preparations to synthesize galactooligosaccharides depends on the type of the solvent used (cyclohexane, hexane, toluene) and on its proportion in the two-phase system. The use of cyclohexane in the reaction medium stabilized the activity of β-galactosidase from P. canescens which was immobilized on tosylated cotton cloth, and enabled its multiple use in galactooligosaccharides synthesis.
Synthesis and properties of lanthanide(III) complexes with 4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxybenzoic acid
Authors: Iwan M. , Kula A. , Rzączyńska Z. , Pikus S. , Flisiuk D. , Gomoła M.
Published: August 2007

Complexes of yttrium(III) and lanthanides(III) with 4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxybenzoic (syringic) acid were obtained as solids with metal to ligand mole ratio of 1: 3. The compounds were characterized by elemental analysis, IR spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction patterns, solubility, and thermal studies. The complexes are sparingly soluble in water and stable at room temperature. Compounds of light lanthanides (from La to Nd) are hydrated and they crystallize in a triclinic system. When heated, they lose water molecules in one step and in the next step they decompose to oxides. Complexes of yttrium and other lanthanides are anhydrous and crystallize in a monoclinic system. They are stable up to 300°C and then decompose to oxides. As the coordination number of lanthanide ions is usually equal to 9 or 8, one can suppose that hydroxy or methoxy groups take part in the coordination of these metal ions.
Influence of photoinitiator and curing conditions on polymerization kinetics and gloss of UV-cured coatings
Authors: Jančovičová V. , Kindernay J. , Jakubíková Z. , Mrlláková I.
Published: August 2007

Polymerization kinetics and gloss of different formulations of coatings at different UV curing conditions were studied. The results showed that the photoinitiator type, its concentration, sample coating thickness, as well as the UV light intensity were the most significant factors affecting the polymerization course and the gloss of UV-cured films. The increasing concentration of the photoinitiator and the UV light intensity significantly decreased the gloss of the cured surface. The influence of the sample coating thickness on the kinetics and final gloss was also considerable.
Interactions in iron gall inks
Authors: Jančovičová V. , Čeppan M. , Havlínová B. , Reháková M. , Jakubíková Z.
Published: August 2007

Simple iron gall inks composed of gallic acid, ferrous sulfate, and gum arabic and in some cases also of copper(II) sulfate were prepared. The process of iron ion complex formation with gallic acid was investigated using UV-VIS spectroscopy, pH measurements, and by monitoring the concentration changes of Fe(II) ions. The admixture of Fe(II) ions to gallic acid induced a bathochromic shift of absorption bands at 215 nm and 265 nm in the UV-VIS spectra. Formation of a new absorbance band in the visible area was also observed and used to calculate the initial rate of complex formation. Concurrently, the pH values and the concentration of Fe(II) ions in the solution decreased. Gum arabic significantly enhanced the complex formation and its stability. On the contrary, the addition of Cu(II) ions to the solution decelerated the complex formation considerably.
Magnetically modified bentonite as a possible contrast agent in MRI of gastrointestinal tract
Authors: Bartonkova H. , Mashlan M. , Medrik I. , Jancik D. , Zboril R.
Published: August 2007

A composite of iron oxide nanoparticles and mineral matrix has been studied by XRD, Mössbauer spectroscopy, and TEM. Magnetite and superparamagnetic magnetite have been identified by Mössbauer spectroscopy in the nanocomposite. A relationship between the hyperfine parameters and iron oxide particle size has been confirmed by TEM. The optimal concentration of “magnetite—bentonite” composite, when the MRI signal is fully reduced, was found for using this composite as a negative contrast agent.
The Effect of Nanoscale Confinement on the Collective Electron Transport Behavior in Au Nanoparticles Self‐Assembled in a Nanostructured Polystyrene‐block‐poly(4‐vinylpyridine) Diblock Copolymer Ultra‐thin Film
Authors: Li C.‐P. , Wu C.‐H. , Wei K.‐H. , Sheu J.‐T. , Huang J. Y. , Jeng U‐S. , Liang K. S.
Published: August 2007

This study involves the collective electron transport behavior of sequestered Au nanoparticles in a nanostructured polystyrene‐block‐poly(4‐vinylpyridine). The monolayer thin films (ca. 30 nm) consisting of Au nanoparticles self‐assembled in the 30‐nm spherical poly(4‐vinylpyridine) domains of an polystyrene‐block‐poly(4‐vinylpyridine) diblock copolymer were prepared. From the current‐voltage characteristics of these thin films, the collective electron transport behavior of Au nanoparticles sequestered in the spherical poly(4‐vinylpyridine) nanodomains was found to be dictated by Coulomb blockade and was quasi one‐dimensional, as opposed to the three‐dimensional behavior displayed by Au nanoparticles that had been dispersed randomly in homo‐poly(4‐vinylpyridine). The threshold voltage of these composite increased linearly upon increasing the inter‐nanoparticle distance. The electron tunneling rate constant in the case of Au nanoparticles confined in poly(4‐vinylpyridine) nanodomains is eight times larger than that in the randomly distributed case and it increases upon increasing the amount of Au nanoparticles. This phenomenon indicates that manipulating the spatial arrangement of metal nanoparticles by diblock copolymer can potentially create electronic devices with higher performance.
Solution‐Processed HafSOx and ZircSOx Inorganic Thin‐Film Dielectrics and Nanolaminates
Authors: Anderson J. T. , Munsee C. L. , Hung C. M. , Phung T. M. , Herman G. S. , Johnson D. C. , Wager J. F. , Keszler D. A.
Published: August 2007

New thin‐film dielectrics and nanolaminates have been synthesized via aqueous‐solution deposition of Hf and Zr sulfates, where facile gelation and vitrification of the precursor solution have been achieved without organic additives. X‐ray reflectivity, imaging, and metal‐insulator‐metal capacitor performance reveal that smooth, atomically dense films are readily produced by spin coating and modest thermal treatment (T < 325 °C). Dielectric characteristics include permittivities covering the range of 9–12 with breakdown fields up to 6 MV cm–1. Performance as gate dielectrics is demonstrated in field‐effect transistors exhibiting small gate‐leakage currents and qualitatively ideal device performance. The low‐temperature processing, uniformity, and pore‐free nature of the films have also allowed construction of unique, high‐resolution nanolaminates exhibiting individual layers as thin as 3 nm.
Pyrimethamine treatment does not ameliorate lymphoproliferation or autoimmune disease in MRL/lpr−/− mice or in patients with autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome
Authors: Rao V. Koneti , Dowdell Kennichi C. , Dale Janet K. , Dugan Faith , Pesnicak Lesley , Bi Lilia L. , Hoffmann Victoria , Penzak Scott , Avila Nilo A. , Fleisher Thomas A. , Puck Jennifer M. , Straus Stephen E.
Published: August 2007

Autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome (ALPS) is an inherited disorder of lymphocyte apoptosis leading to childhood onset of marked lymphadenopathy, hepatosplenomegaly, autoimmune cytopenias, and increased risk of lymphoma. Most cases are associated with heterozygous mutations in the gene encoding Fas protein. Prolonged use of immunosuppressive drugs that do ameliorate its autoimmune complications fail to consistently lessen lymphoproliferation in ALPS. A case series had described children with ALPS, whose spleens (SPL) and lymph nodes decreased in size when treated weekly with pyrimethamine and sulfadoxine; parallel in vitro studies showed only pyrimethamine to promote apoptosis. On the basis of that experience, we undertook additional in vitro lymphocyte apoptosis assays, and measured SPL weights, lymphocyte numbers, and immunophenotypes in Fas‐deficient MRL/lpr−/− mice to gain further insights into the utility of combined pyrimethamine/sulfadoxine or pyrimethamine alone. Moreover, seven children with ALPS enrolled in a study of escalating dose of pyrimethamine alone given twice weekly for 12 weeks to determine if their lymphadenopathy and/or splenomegaly would diminish, as assessed by standardized computerized tomography. Neither pyrimethamine alone or with sulfadoxine in the MRL/lpr−/− mice, nor pyrimethamine alone in ALPS patients proved efficacious. We conclude that these drugs do not warrant further use empirically or as part of clinical trials in ALPS Type Ia as a lympholytic agent. Am. J. Hematol., 2007. Published 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Effect of the stress relaxation property of acrylic pressure‐sensitive adhesive on light‐leakage phenomenon of polarizer in liquid crystal display
Authors: Chun Hyunaee , Kim Hyun Ah , Kim Gyungsoo , Kim Jaeil , Lim Kyung‐Yul
Published: August 2007

The acrylic pressure‐sensitive adhesive systems with the different stress relaxation abilities are prepared by varying the curing agent from 0.3% to 3.0% and the effect of the stress relaxation ability of pressure‐sensitive adhesive system on the durability of LCD polarizer was investigated. The stress relaxation ability of the crosslinked pressure‐sensitive adhesive systems was measured by transient tensile test and dynamic viscoelastic test. And the durability was evaluated by the light‐leakage test of polarizer coated with the pressure‐sensitive adhesive after it was aged under the condition of 60°C and the relative humidity of 95% for 72 h. It was observed that the stress relaxation ability of pressure‐sensitive system is decreased with the crosslinking density, as intended. And the pressure‐sensitive adhesive with the lower stress relaxation ability exhibited the lower light‐leakage and consequently the higher durability than the other PSA systems. This observation is obviously contradictory to the previous design strategy of PSA system and the reason for this observation was discussed briefly. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 2007
Fabrication and characteristics of hydroxyapatite reinforced polypropylene as a bone analogue biomaterial
Authors: Liu Y. , Wang M.
Published: August 2007

Composite biomaterials, which consist of a polymer matrix and a particulate bioactive phase and are hence analogous to bone microstructure, have been developed for human hard tissue substitution. In this investigation, a manufacturing route employing injection moulding was established for producing bone analogue biomaterials. Using this manufacturing technology, a potential bone replacement material, hydroxyapatite (HA) reinforced polypropylene (PP) composite (HA/PP), was made, with the HA volume percentage being up to 25%. The characteristics of the HA/PP composite were studied using various techniques including scanning electron microscopy (SEM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), tensile testing, microhardness testing, and dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA). It was demonstrated that with the use of the established manufacturing route, HA particles were well dispersed and homogeneously distributed in the PP matrix. Properties of the composite were affected by the amount of HA incorporated in the composite. The melting temperature and crystallisation temperature of the composite were slightly affected by the addition of HA particles, and the crystallinity of the PP matrix polymer was decreased with an increase in HA content. Young's modulus, microhardness, and storage modulus increased when the HA volume percentage was increased from 10 to 25%, with corresponding decreases in tensile strength, elongation at fracture and loss tangent. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 2007
C1‐Symmetric Versus C2‐Symmetric Ligands in Enantioselective Copper–Bis(oxazoline)‐Catalyzed Cyclopropanation Reactions
Authors: Fraile José M , García José I. , Gissibl Anja , Mayoral José A. , Pires Elísabet , Reiser Oliver , Roldán Marta , Villalba Isabel
Published: August 2007

A thorough experimental and theoretical study of the enantioselective cyclopropanation of alkenes catalyzed by chiral bis(oxazoline)– and azabis(oxazoline)–copper complexes, which comprise a new family of ligands that lack C2 symmetry, has been conducted. Surprisingly high enantioselectivities were observed with some of these ligands, which were rationalized on the basis of molecular modeling studies. The course of the asymmetric induction in connection with ligand symmetry and the implications for supported enantioselective catalysts are discussed.
Oligomeric Cadmium–Phthalocyanine Complexes: Novel Supramolecular Free Radical Structures
Authors: Chambrier Isabelle , White Gaye F. , Cook Michael J.
Published: August 2007

Certain cadmium‐metallated phthalocyanines give rise to EPR active triple‐decker sandwich complexes containing two Cd ions and three phthalocyanine (Pc) ligands. These have been shown to form when the ligands bear either eight non‐ peripheral alkyl or alkenyl substituents or eight peripheral 2‐ethylhexyl groups. They can be derived either from three equivalents of a cadmium phthalocyanine precursor or from a 2:1 mixture of a cadmium phthalocyanine (CdPc) and a metal‐free phthalocyanine (H2Pc). The mode of their formation has been investigated by a series of “cross” experiments. The results indicate that the triple‐decker structures are formed by a self‐assembly process. This is deduced from results that show that they can disassemble and reassemble with incorporation of differently substituted ligands derived from either an H2Pc or CdPc. The reassembled structures in these cross experiments can contain more than one ligand that originated from either the added CdPc or, and more surprisingly, the H2Pc compound. Mass spectrometry has also established that higher order oligomers can be formed when steric requirements between the alkyl substituents on adjacent rings in the stack are reduced. Thus an isotopic cluster for a Cd5Pc6 complex has been observed when the eight peripheral substituents are hexyl chains and tetrameric complexes are formed when two different ligands are incorporated within a stack, with one carrying substituents at the peripheral sites and the other bearing substituents at the non‐peripheral sites.
Icosahedral and Ring‐Shaped Allotropes of Phosphorus.
Authors: Karttunen Antti J. , Linnolahti Mikko , Pakkanen Tapani A.
Published: August 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Crystal Growth and Characterization of Type III Ytterbium‐Doped KGd(PO3)4: A New Nonlinear Laser Host.
Authors: Parreu I. , Sole R. , Massons J. , Diaz F. , Aguilo M.
Published: August 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Synthesis of Single‐Crystalline Potassium‐Doped Tungsten Oxide Nanosheets as High‐Sensitive Gas Sensors.
Authors: Zhang Bing , Liu Jindun , Guan Shaokang , Wan Yazhen , Zhang Yongzhan , Chen Rongfeng
Published: August 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Titanium(IV)‐Mediated Synthesis of 2,3‐Diisothiocyanato‐succinic Acid Diesters and 3,6‐Dithioxo‐piperazine Derivatives.
Authors: Ciez Dariusz
Published: August 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Iodine‐Atom‐Transfer‐Type Carbocyclization of 2‐(2‐Propynyloxy)ethyl Iodides Involving a Lithium Alkylidene Carbenoid Intermediate.
Authors: Harada Toshiro , Kitano Chie , Mizunashi Kenta
Published: August 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Syntheses of Concave‐Shaped [5,5,5]‐Tricyclic Triquinanes by Pd‐Catalyzed Enediyne Cycloreduction.
Authors: Oh Chang Ho , Kim Mira , Rhim Chul Yun
Published: August 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Selective Acetylation of Alcohols and Amines with Ethyl Acetate in the Presence of H6[PMo9V3O40] as the Catalyst.
Authors: Heravi Majid M. , Bakhtiari Khadijeh , Javadi Negar M. , Oskooie Hossein A. , Bamoharram Fatemeh F.
Published: August 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
A Simple Synthesis of γ‐Amino Acids.
Authors: Gil Salvador , Parra Margarita , Rodriguez Pablo
Published: August 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Competitive Cationic Pathways and the Asymmetric Synthesis of Aryl‐Substituted Cyclopropanes.
Authors: Melancon Bruce J. , Perl Nicholas R. , Taylor Richard E.
Published: August 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Acid‐Catalyzed Nazarov Reaction Controlled by β‐Alkoxy Groups.
Authors: Shindo Mitsuru , Yaji Kentaro , Kita Taisuke , Shishido Kozo
Published: August 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Friedel—Crafts Alkylations of Arenes with Mono‐ and Bis(trifluoromethyl)oxiranes in Superacid Medium: Facile Synthesis of α‐(Trifluoromethyl)‐ and α,α‐Bis(trifluoromethyl)‐β‐arylethanols.
Authors: Prakash G. K. Surya , Linares‐Palomino Pablo J. , Glinton Kevin , Chacko Sujith , Rasul Golam , Mathew Thomas , Olah George A.
Published: August 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
An Improved Method of Synthesis of Precursors for Amino‐Claisen Rearrangement.
Authors: Jain Seema , Pandey Neelesh , Kishore D.
Published: August 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
A Simple, Efficient, and Green Procedure for the 1,4‐Addition of Thiols to Conjugated Alkenes and Alkynes Catalyzed by Sodium Acetate in Aqueous Medium.
Authors: Ranu Brindaban C. , Mandal Tanmay
Published: August 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Benzylamines Imines as Versatile Precursors to Azomethine and Nitrile Ylides in the [2 + 3] Cycloaddition Reactions with [60]Fullerene.
Authors: Troshin Pavel A. , Kornev Alexey B. , Peregudov Alexander S. , Peregudova Svetlana M. , Lyubovskaya Rimma N.
Published: August 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Sugar Balls: Synthesis and Supramolecular Assembly of [60]Fullerene Glycoconjugates.
Authors: Kato Haruhito , Boettcher Christoph , Hirsch Andreas
Published: August 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Synthesis of Pyrroles via Copper‐Catalyzed Coupling of Amines with Bromoenones.
Authors: Pan Yuanjia , Lu Hongjian , Fang Yewen , Fang Xinqiang , Chen Liqun , Qian Junlu , Wang Junhua , Li Chaozhong
Published: August 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Selective, Efficient and Functional Group‐Tolerant CuOAc‐Mediated N‐Arylation of 1H‐Indoles and 9H‐Carbazole with Aryl Iodides under Base‐Free and Ligandless Conditions.
Authors: Bellina Fabio , Calandri Chiara , Cauteruccio Silvia , Rossi Renzo
Published: August 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
CAN‐Catalyzed Vinylogous Povarov Reactions: The First Three‐Component Synthesis of 2‐Functionalized Tetrahydroquinolines from Anilines, Cinnamaldehyde and Vinyl Ethers.
Authors: Sridharan Vellaisamy , Avendano Carmen , Menendez J. Carlos
Published: August 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Synthesis, in vitro Antibacterial and Antifungal Evaluations of 2‐Amino‐4‐(1‐naphthyl)‐6‐arylpyrimidines.
Authors: Ingarsal N. , Saravanan G. , Amutha P. , Nagarajan S.
Published: August 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
An Efficient Two‐Step Synthesis of 4‐Methyl‐1,2,3,5,6,10b‐hexahydropyrimido[5,4‐c]quinoline‐2,5‐diones via Biginelli Reaction.
Authors: Ismaili Lhassane , Ubaldi Sophie , Robert Jean‐Francois , Xicluna Alain , Refouvelet Bernard
Published: August 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Macrocyclic Compounds Having Sulfide Moieties Derived from o‐Terphenyl.
Authors: Sato Ryu , Hamasaka Go , Yamamoto Tatsuya , Muraoka Hiroki , Nakajo Shiduko , Ogawa Satoshi
Published: August 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Photocyclization of 2‐(N‐Benzoyl‐N‐benzylamino)ethyl Benzoylacetate via Remote Hydrogen Abstraction. Enhancing Effect on Biradical Cyclization by the N‐Benzoyl Group.
Authors: Hasegawa Tadashi , Anma Takashi , Suzuki Satoko , Maeda Yutaka , Horn Ernst
Published: August 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Asymmetric Michael Reaction: Novel Efficient Access to Chiral β‐Ketophosphonates (III).
Authors: Delarue‐Cochin Sandrine , Pan Jian‐Jung , Dauteloup Aurelie , Hendra Frederic , Angoh Roger Gagali , Joseph Delphine , Stephens Philip J. , Cave Christian
Published: August 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Synthesis of 3‐(Phosphorylmethyl)cycloalkenones by Forced Conjugate Addition of α‐Phosphonate Carbanions to Cyclic Enones.
Authors: Mikolajczyk Marian , Perlikowska Wieslawa
Published: August 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Asymmetric Electrophilic Fluorination of α‐Cyanoalkylphosphonates Catalyzed by Chiral Palladium Complexes.
Authors: Kang Young Ku , Cho Min Je , Kim Sun Mi , Kim Dae Young
Published: August 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Reduced Species (HSO2‐, SO2 × ‐) Promoted One‐Pot Efficient Synthesis of Phenyl Alkyl Selenides.
Authors: Tang Ri‐Yuan , Zhong Ping , Lin Qiu‐Lian
Published: August 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Synthesis of Novel 5‐Aryl‐1H‐tetrazoles.
Authors: Oezkan Hamdi , Yavuz Serkan , Disli Ali , Yildirir Yilmaz , Tuerker Lemi
Published: August 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
First Synthesis of Magnesacyclopentadienes from Acetylenes by Treatment with BuMgHlg in the Presence of Zr Complexes.
Authors: Dzhemilev U. M. , Ibragimov A. G. , D'yakonov V. A. , Zinnurova R. A.
Published: August 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Green and Efficient Synthesis of Bidentate Schiff Base Ru Catalysts (I) for Olefin Metathesis.
Authors: Occhipinti Giovanni , Jensen Vidar R. , Bjoersvik Hans‐Rene
Published: August 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Semi‐Synthesis of Deoxyartemisinin.
Authors: Bhattacharya Asish K. , Pathak Ashish K. , Sharma Ram P.
Published: August 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Facile Synthesis of (E)‐7‐Hexadecen‐1,16‐olide (Ambrettolide).
Authors: Majee R. N. , Chatterjea J. N. , Sengupta S. C. , Agarwal S. C.
Published: August 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Exploration of Rate‐Limiting Conformational State for 5‐[(7‐Chloro‐4‐quinolinyl)amino]‐3‐[(alkylamino)methyl] [1,1′‐biphenyl]‐2‐ols and Nω‐Oxides (Tebuquine Analogues) for Antimalarial Activity Using Molecular Shape Analysis and Molecular Field Analysis Studies.
Authors: Sharma Pooja , Chhabra Sandeep , Rai Nitin , Ghoshal Nanda
Published: August 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Characterization of Room‐Temperature Ionic Liquids by the Abraham Model with Cation‐Specific and Anion‐Specific Equation Coefficients.
Authors: Sprunger Laura , Clark Michael , Acree William E. Jr. , Abraham Michael H.
Published: August 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Docking of ATP to Ca‐ATPase: Considering Protein Domain Motions.
Authors: Pyrkov Timothy V. , Kosinsky Yuri A. , Arseniev Alexander S. , Priestle John P. , Jacoby Edgar , Efremov Roman G.
Published: August 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Analysis of HIV Wild‐Type and Mutant Structures via in silico Docking Against Diverse Ligand Libraries.
Authors: Chang Max W. , Lindstrom William , Olson Arthur J. , Belew Richard K.
Published: August 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
SAR Studies on a Novel Series of Human Cytomegalovirus Primase Inhibitors.
Authors: Chen X. , et al. et al.
Published: August 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Potent and Selective Xanthine‐Based Inhibitors of Phosphodiesterase 5.
Authors: Sandham David A. , et al. et al.
Published: August 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
From Pyrroles to 1‐Oxo‐2,3,4,9‐tetrahydro‐1H‐β‐carbolines: A New Class of Orally Bioavailable mGluR1 Antagonists.
Authors: Di Fabio Romano , et al. et al.
Published: August 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Creation of Quaternary Stereocenters in Carbonyl Allylation Reactions
Authors: Marek Ilan , Sklute Genia
Published: August 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Recent Advances in the Catalytic Asymmetric Nitroaldol (Henry) Reaction
Authors: Palomo Claudio , Oiarbide Mikel , Laso Antonio
Published: August 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Organocatalytic Synthesis of Drugs and Bioactive Natural Products
Authors: de Figueiredo Renata Marica , Christmann Mathias
Published: August 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Synthetic Approaches to Bispeptides Attached on Polynorbornane Molecular Scaffolds with Well Defined Relative Positions and Distances
Authors: Shang Muhong , Warrener Ronald N. , Butler Douglas N. , Margetic Davor
Published: August 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.