bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Optimization of Flavonoid Extraction in Dendrobium officinale Leaves and Their Inhibitory Effects on Tyrosinase Activity
Authors: Lu Haixia , Yang Ke , Zhan Lianghui , Lu Tingting , Chen Xue , Cai Xiamiao , Zhou Cong , Li He , Qian Liuqing , Lv Guiyuan , Chen Suhong
Published: March 2019

In order to establish the extraction technology of flavonoids from Dendrobium officinale leaves, a method combining Plackett–Burman design (PBD), steepest ascent design, and central composite design was developed to optimize the extraction of flavonoids. In addition, the tyrosinase activity inhibition of flavonoids was further tested in vitro. PBD results showed that ethanol concentration and number of extractions were key factors. Response surface methodology (RSM) indicated that the optimal extraction conditions were 78% ethanol concentration, six extraction times, 2 h, and 1:50 solid-liquid ratio. Under these conditions, the total flavonoid content could reach 35 mg/50 mL. In vitro tyrosinase experiment, the extracted total flavonoids had better inhibitory effect on tyrosinase activity than β-arbutin, and its inhibition rate for monophenolase and diphenolase exceeded 100% and 70%, respectively. These results indicate that RSM can effectively improve the extraction of flavonoids from Dendrobium officinale leaves and the flavonoids have the prospect of being applied to foods and cosmetics.
Tomographic Inverse Problem with Estimating Missing Projections
Authors: Kimura Masashi , Yamaguchi Yusaku , Abou Al-Ola Omar M. , Yoshinaga Tetsuya
Published: March 2019

Image reconstruction in computed tomography can be treated as an inverse problem, namely, obtaining pixel values of a tomographic image from measured projections. However, a seriously degraded image with artifacts is produced when a certain part of the projections is inaccurate or missing. A novel method for simultaneously obtaining a reconstructed image and an estimated projection by solving an initial‐value problem of differential equations is proposed. A system of differential equations is constructed on the basis of optimizing a cost function of unknown variables for an image and a projection. Three systems described by nonlinear differential equations are constructed, and the stability of a set of equilibria corresponding to an optimized solution for each system is proved by using the Lyapunov stability theorem. To validate the theoretical result given by the proposed method, metal artifact reduction was numerically performed.
Detecting the Second Mesiobuccal Canal in Maxillary Molars in a Saudi Arabian Population: A Micro-CT Study
Authors: Alfouzan Khalid , Alfadley Abdulmohsen , Alkadi Lubna , Alhezam Abdullah , Jamleh Ahmed
Published: March 2019

The aim of this study was to determine MB2 canal detectability in maxillary first and second molars obtained from a Saudi population using micro-CT. Maxillary first (n=35) and second (n=30) molars were scanned with micro-CT technology. The number of canals was recorded, and in case of having more than one canal, the level of extracanal detection was analyzed. The presence of extracanal was categorized based on the level they were first detected. Among the maxillary first molars, 28 (80%) and six (17%) teeth had two and three MB canals, respectively. Among the maxillary second molars, 24 (80%) and four (13%) teeth had two and three MB canals, respectively. The MB2 canal was detected at the chamber floor in 70% and 61% of the maxillary first and second molars, respectively. At 1 mm depth, the MB2 canal was found in 15% and 18% of the maxillary first and second molars, respectively. At 2 mm depth, the MB2 canal was found in 3% and 18% of the maxillary first and second molars, respectively. The remaining teeth had the MB2 canal at levels deeper than 2 mm. The MB2 canal was detected in 97% and 93%% of maxillary first and second molars, respectively. Among them, the MB2 canal could be immediately detected in 70% and 61% of the maxillary first and second molars, respectively, once the pulp chamber is exposed. However, the rest of the MB2 were observed at deeper levels in the root and this requires troughing preparation in the chamber floor.
Cassius Dio (51.20.6-8) and the Worship of the Living Emperor in Italy
Authors: Antoniou Alex Andrew
Published: March 2019

This article challenges accepted interpretations of Cassius Dio (51.20.6-8) concerning the worship of the living emperor in Rome and the Italian peninsula. I offer a new interpretation of this frequently discussed passage by demonstrating that Dio was keen to emphasise that Augustus, as Dio’s model emperor, was not himself responsible for the temples and cults raised to him in Rome and Roman Italy. I also briefly explore the beneficial consequences of this interpretation in our wider study of emperor worship in the Italian peninsula.
A New Translation and Commentary on Plato’s Euthydemus
Authors: Sermamoglou-Soulmaidi Georgia
Published: March 2019

Review of the translation and commentary on Plato’s Euthydemus by Michael Erler.
Who’s a clever bird — now? A brief history of parrot cognition
Authors: Auersperg Alice M.I. , von Bayern Auguste M.P.
Published: March 2019

Parrots are renowned for their intelligence and ability to imitate human speech ever since they have been kept as pets. Despite of impressive pioneering work on the cognitive abilities of parrots, research on parrot cognition has only recently gained momentum, probably given the new wave of interest in possible convergent evolution of complex cognition within the vertebrates. Together with corvids, they often parallel primates if not great apes in cognitive performance and have become important model systems to study the evolution of cognition. We briefly review the history of parrot cognition within the field of comparative cognition and introduce some of the laboratories that have contributed to this special issue as well as the studies they present.
Primate cognition test battery in parrots
Authors: Krasheninnikova Anastasia , Berardi Roberta , Lind Mari-Ann , O’Neill Laurie , von Bayern Auguste M.P.
Published: March 2019

Systematic, broad phylogenetic comparisons of diverse cognitive abilities are essential to understand cognitive evolution. Few studies have examined multiple skills comparatively, using identical tasks across species. Previous research centered on primates, but recent evidence suggests that complex cognition may have evolved in distantly related taxa. We administered the tasks of the primate cognition test battery (PCTB) to 4 parrot species for a first direct comparison with primates. The parrots did not perform significantly worse than the previously tested primates in all but one of the test scales, but remained at chance levels throughout. Chimpanzees outperformed them in the physical but not the social domain. No differences between the domains nor across the parrot species were detected. It remains questionable whether the chance level performance reflects the parrots’ cognitive capacity or results from task constraints, which would limit the suitability of PCTB for phylogenetic comparisons. Possible implications for the field are discussed.
Reproductive characteristics of the freshwater shrimp, Macrobrachium macrobrachion (Herklots, 1851) in the water bodies of Benin, West Africa
Authors: Koussovi G. , Niass F. , Bonou C. A. , Montchowui E.
Published: March 2019

The palaemonid shrimp Macrobrachium macrobrachion is widely distributed in coastal rivers, estuaries and inland waters of West Africa. This species is economically important because it is the one of the two main freshwater shrimp commercially exploited by artisanal fisheries in southern Benin, besides showing great potential for aquaculture. Despite this, little is known about its reproductive biology in the natural environment. Considering these facts, the present study aimed to establish some breeding parameters for M. macrobrachion in Benin. Overall, 2424 specimens were collected between May 2015 and October 2016. Monthly changes in gonado-somatic index (GSI) and hepato-somatic index (HSI) suggest that the breeding season runs from July to October. In the Ouémé River Delta, the estimated size at first maturity is 8.16 cm TL in females, while it is 7.47 cm TL in males. In the Mono River/Grand-Popo Lagoon complex, the size at first maturity is 7.27 cm TL in females while it is 6.56 cm TL in males. The structure of the ovary as observed in females from either site just before spawning, shows the presence of two types of oocytes at different sizes and various developmental stages. Analysis of such ovarian structure suggests that M. macrobrachion has a synchronous oogenesis with a breeding season limited to a few months of the year. Fecundity was found to be between 3144 and 26 489 eggs in the Ouémé Delta, while it goes from 3124 to 22 660 eggs in the Mono River/Grand-Popo Lagoon complex. The present study provides important information on the reproductive biology of M. macrobrachion and of freshwater shrimp in general, and can also serve as a significant foundation for the aquaculture of species of freshwater shrimp.
Description of Labrys fuzhouensis sp. n. and first record of Coslenchus rafiqi (Nematoda: Tylenchidae) from China
Authors: Qiao Kaikai , Bai Mengxin , He Yadeng , Chen Jingwei , Xiao Shun , Cheng Xi , Liu Guokun , Braun-Miyara Sigal , Qing Xue
Published: March 2019

In this study, we describe Labrys fuzhouensis sp. n. based on detailed morphology revealed by scanning electron microscopy and molecular data inferred from 18S and 28S rRNA. The new species differs from other Labrys species by a combination of several morphometric and morphological characters: vulva-anus distance 66-74 μm, tail length 172-182 μm, post-uterine sac 11-12 μm, excretory duct less sclerotised, and hexagon-shaped labial disc. The novelty of L. fuzhouensis sp. n. is also confirmed by multi-dimensional scaling analysis. The 18S and 28S rRNA-based phylogenies suggest that the new species nested in the Labrys clade as sister to L. chinensis. In addition to the new species description, Coslenchus rafiqi is reported from China for the first time, the description being supplemented by the first molecular data (18S and 28S rRNA) for this species.
Capital’s Artificial Intellect Becoming Uber’s Means of Autonomous Immaterial Production
Authors: Diab Ramon Salim
Published: March 2019

The global path of capitalist development is continuously transformed as a result of the production and integration of advanced information and communication technologies (ICTs) within various forms of production. The first half of this paper conceptualises ICTs as capital’s appropriation and objectification of the productive forces of the general intellect in ‘the general artificial intellect’, a category that refers to the total processing power of networked ICTs in global society. The second half of the paper analyses Uber’s development of the elements of capital’s artificial intellect as the cybernetic means of real subsumption in its immaterial production process. The paper concludes that Uber’s development of autonomous vehicles is an example of the global trend in transport automation that could raise the organic composition of capital of the transport industry, which I suggest would advance the stage of real subsumption toward a third and final stage of autonomous subsumption.
Παρρησία in John Chrysostom’s Homilies on the Gospel of Matthew
Authors: Pavlík Jiří
Published: March 2019

The article deals with John Chrysostom’s usage of the expression παρρησία. It takes its starting point from an article by G.J.M. Bartelink from 1997, but unlike Bartelink it focuses on the instances where Chrysostom exploited the classical meaning of the word, i.e. boldness to speak in public and frankness in admonishing or rebuking a friend or ruler. It analyses typical occurrences of the word with these meanings in Chrysostom’s homilies on the Gospel of Matthew. As this gospel contains no occurrence of παρρησία, this word’s use can be understood as a mark of the interpreter’s exegetical point of view which is deeply rooted in his classical cultural background and his conception of the ethical ideal.
Consequences of Excluding Armed Groups from Peace Negotiations: Chad and the Philippines
Authors: Ghais Suzanne
Published: March 2019

This article examines the relationship between inclusion/exclusion of armed groups and the achievement of durable peace, using process tracing in two case studies: the peace process between the government of Chad and the rebel group Movement for Democracy and Justice in Chad, and the one between the government of the Philippines and the Moro National Liberation Front. The cases support theoretical arguments that excluded armed actors are more likely to renew armed confrontation after the peace accord. The study further elaborates the causal link: included armed rebels tend to negotiate for private benefits such as government posts and amnesty but also moderate their stances and emerge committed to the agreement; excluded armed actors lack any such commitment and still have unresolved grievances. They are thus more likely to renew armed action against the government.
Equal Treatment of Third-Country Nationals in the European Union: Why Not?
Authors: McCormack-George Dáire
Published: March 2019

This paper outlines an argument for the equal treatment of third-country nationals in the EU. The argument is in two parts. It argues, doctrinally, that the reasons in favour of treating third-country nationals equally are weighty. Second, it suggests that, politically, conceptually and sociologically, third-country nationals should generally be entitled to equal treatment, a guarantee which may be subject to specific exceptions. The reasons for such exceptions should be clearly stipulated by public authorities. The approach which emerges from this position should lead to a more coherent concept of equality emerging in EU law, something which should be amenable to European egalitarians.
Engaging Young People as Partners for Change: The ur Community Project
Authors: Charles Anthony , Haines Kevin
Published: March 2019

Article 12 of the un Convention on the Rights of the Child (uncrc) declares that young people have the right to express views and to have these taken into account when decisions are made that affect them. Yet, children’s voices are still not universally heard in policy and operational discourses. In many areas of service delivery in particular, young people remain disenfranchised, in spite of evidence which attests to their desire positively to engage with adult decision makers. Challenging the apparent discordance between the rhetoric relating to young people’s decision making and reality (as perceived by children), this article offers a new and innovative template for researching with young people as partners for change in the specific context of research dissemination. Seeking to enhance understanding and influence practice, the article sheds some much-needed light on how participation rights can be made “real” at a local level.
A Loosely Knit Network: Philosophy of History After Hayden White
Authors: Paul Herman
Published: March 2019

Does the death of Hayden White mark the end of an era in philosophy of history? Although White’s personal presence is sorely missed, White’s work is unlikely soon to lose its prominent position in philosophy of history. This is because no other author occupies a position in the field that is remotely as central as White’s. His oeuvre serves as a shared reference point for scholars working on issues ranging from explanation and representation to deconstruction and presence. From whatever school or persuasion they are, philosophers of history relate to White’s work, either by building upon it or by dissociating themselves from it. In explaining this unique position of White’s work, this essay reflects as much on the field called philosophy of history as on White’s interventions in it. It argues that philosophy of history is not a discipline in a recognizable sense of the word, but a loosely knit network of scholars working on different “questions about history.” Only when this network status of the field is taken into account, it becomes possible to see why White’s work has such a central place in current philosophy of history.
What is the American Sublime? Ruminations on Peircian Phenomenology and the Paintings of Barnett Newman
Authors: Magada-Ward Mary
Published: March 2019

I argue that a fruitful approach to exploring the significance of the abstract expressionist Barnett Newman’s body of work, understood as as an attempt to “paint the sublime,” is by appeal to Peircian phenomenology and the conception of “originativity” that it entails. By attending, in particular, to Peirce’s conception of “the firstness of thirdness,” I show how this “reasonable feeling” both signifies our “affinity” with the world with which we transact and, with specific respect to what happens when looking at Newman’s paintings, explains why we are spurred to reflect upon the meaning of these experiences. In this way, “the firstness of thirdness” accounts for our recognition of a form of reasonableness that exceeds that exhibited in ordinary conceptualization.
Reflections on the International Adjudication of Cases of Grave Violations of Rights of the Human Person
Authors: Trindade Antônio Augusto Cançado
Published: March 2019

The coexistence of contemporary international tribunals has fostered the access to justice for the determination of international responsibility. There are approximations and convergences between the International Law of Human Rights, International Humanitarian Law, the International Law of Refugees, and contemporary International Criminal Law. The central place is of the human person. In addressing grave violations of the rights of the human person, international tribunals have a humanist common mission of rendering justice as a form of reparation. Jusnaturalism prevails over legal positivism, conscience stands above the “will”.
‘The age of shouting had arrived’
Authors: Roscoe Jonathan
Published: March 2019

When George Orwell’s advertising copywriting anti-hero, Gordon Comstock, declared in the 1936 novel Keep the Aspidistra Flying, ‘advertising is the rattling of a stick inside a swill-bucket’ (Victor Gollancz, London, p. 55), he was expressing something deep in the British psyche, that of the dichotomy between the creation of art and the pursuit of revenue. Nowhere is this seen more keenly than in publishing during the period. It is also significant that the third of Orwell’s novels was, like the previous ones, published by Victor Gollancz, because, despite the widespread view that in publishing it was a time of inertia, of maintaining the status quo, it is, of course, not as simple as that. Despite a lack of innovation in the industry the 1930s, reading numbers increased, more books were sold than ever before, the industry commercialized to an extent unseen in previous decades, and three of publishing’s most innovative men came to prominence. This paper seeks to explain how this came about—how an inherently conservative industry, with its prices and profit margins stabilized and protected by the Net Book Agreement, became radicalized in a way not seen before. I will contest that it is that very conservatism that made innovation both necessary and inevitable; that the growth in readership and disposable income during the period made it necessary to commercialize the publishing industry if it was to grow and prosper; and that business in general was waking up to the possibilities offered by marketing, and so publishing needed to harness the power of marketing if it was not to fall behind the business curve. Marketing can sometimes be about art or politics, but it is always about business. Where does that leave a personally wealthy, philanthropically inclined, but commercially minded publisher such as Gollancz? His enthusiastic take-up of the new marketing tools and processes that had come to prominence in the 1920s started with his time at Ernest Benn, accelerated with the founding of his new publishing company in 1928, and went into overdrive in 1936 when the Left Book Club was founded. It is true to say that Gollancz’s success was founded on three pillars: an unshakeable faith in his own abilities, an uncanny knack of selecting the ‘right’ titles commercially, and a thorough embracing of all that marketing and publicity had to offer, with little thought as to how that might appear to others as long as it was working for him. He was fortunate to have supporting him another great iconoclast of the time—the typographer Stanley Morison. This paper is as much about the Gollancz–Morison double act as it is about Gollancz individually, even if there can be no doubt as to the true driving force behind the changes.
‘I didn’t know you could read’
Authors: Marsden Stevie
Published: March 2019

This paper considers the reactions to the announcement of the Kim Kardashian-West Book Klub and explores how this episode illustrated the perceived illegitimacy of celebrities like Kardashian-West, who are commonly associated with ‘lowbrow culture’, engaging with and discussing literature, an activity that has traditionally been seen as a middlebrow endeavour. The reactions to the Kardashian-West Book Klub not only reflect issues around the status of celebrities as cultural intermediaries but also bring to the fore historical principles that have questioned the intelligence and capabilities of women readers. This paper positions the Kim Kardashian-West Book Klub within the wider historical context of women readers and book clubs and considers the prestige, or lack thereof, of celebrities who try to be cultural and literary intermediaries. The paper also considers the Kardashian-West Book Klub in relation to other major celebrity book clubs and argues that such forays into literary culture are used by some celebrities to bolster their social and cultural capital, acting first and foremost as a branch of their personal brand identity, rather than as altruistic enterprises.
Das carmen heroicum und der Krieg
Authors: Werle Dirk
Published: March 2019

Martin Opitz combines elements of the panegyric and the heroic epic in his Ratispona in libertatem vindicata, an epic poem published in 1633. By means of a narration that adapts and variates the genre tradition, he creates a future-oriented perspective of historical meaning and presents an interpretation of the historical events constituting the war that later came to be known as the Thirty Years War. In so doing, he emphatically raises the claim that the carmen heroicum’s interpretation of history is a proclamation of truth.
Négociations et négoce : la politique commerciale française en Russie au début du XVIIe siècle. Nouveaux éclairages sur la mission de Louis Deshayes de Courmenin à Moscou (1629)
Authors: Pelus-Kaplan Marie-Louise
Published: March 2019

Richelieu envoie, en 1629, Louis Deshayes de Courmenin à Moscou afin de signer un traité pour la reprise du commerce français en Russie. Après Hauser (1944) et Zordanija (1960), nous tentons d’éclairer cette mission à l’aide de textes inédits. Un extrait du journal de voyage de Brisacier et d’autres documents montrent que les Français recherchent surtout les produits russes (fourrures et autres peaux, fournitures de marine, céréales). Bien que le tsar leur refuse le droit d’aller en Perse pour acheter la soie brute via la Russie, la mission de Deshayes est néanmoins un succès, économique et aussi politique.
World Visions in Swahili Literature
Authors: Garnier Xavier
Published: March 2019

Probably because of its relationship with a coastal culture, Swahili literature seems very aware of its position in the world. Through a reading of Swahili poems and novels across a range of genres, this paper explores the ways in which Swahili writers have engaged in a dialogue with the whole world, from the colonial period to the contemporary era. The evolution of well-identified literary forms such as epic poetry, ethnographic novel or crime novel will also pave the way for identifying the specificities of a Swahili cosmopolitanism anxious to cultivate an art of living in the age of a kind of globalization whose effects are often harshly felt at the local level. Because it has long developed an awareness of the world, Swahili literature has often pioneered the invention of literary forms that are able to translate locally the movements of the world.
Review of the tribe Lethaeini Stål (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Lygaeoidea: Rhyparochromidae) from China, with a key to Chinese genera and species
Authors: LI JUNLAN , GAO CUIQING , BU WENJUN
Published: March 2019

The tribe Lethaeini Stål from China is reviewed. Seventeen species in seven genera are recognized. Four genera, Adauctus Distant, Atkinsonianus Distant, Lamproceps Reuter, and Lethaeus Dallas; and five species, Adauctus cupreus Distant, Atkinsonianus reticulatus Distant, Lamproceps antennatus (Scott), Lamproceps bipunctatus (Bergroth), and Lethaeus taprobanes Kirkaldy are reported for the first time from China (new records). Diniella yinae Zheng & Liu is treated as a junior synonym of Lamproceps antennatus (Scott) (new synonymy). A key to Chinese genera and species of the tribe is given. Diagnoses of the genera, habitus photos, male genitalia illustrations, additional distributions, biology (if possible), and taxonomic remarks of the species are also presented.
Two new species of mole crickets (Orthoptera: Gryllotalpidae: Scapteriscinae) from the Colombian Amazon and Orinoquia rainforests
Authors: CADENA-CASTAÑEDA OSCAR J.
Published: March 2019

This paper describes and illustrates two new species of mole crickets of the genus Scapteriscus from the forest of the Colombian Amazon and Orinoquia regions, based on linear morphometry, level of coverage of tympanum, ocelli form, intraocellar distances, intraocular distances and interdactylar distances as proposed in Nickle in 2003. The interspecific relations of the new species are discussed.
Molecular and morphological diagnostic markers for the Himalayan Ips DeGeer species (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae)
Authors: BUHROO ABDUL A. , LAKATOS FERENC
Published: March 2019

Morphological and molecular analyses of Ips bark beetles collected in the eastern and northwestern Himalayan area resulted in the diagnosis of three species—Ips stebbingi, I. longifolia and I. schmutzenhoferi. These three species can be distinguished by morphological characters, including the frontal setae, the body size and the shape and position of the spines on the elytral declivity. DNA sequences of the mitochondrial Cytochrome Oxidase I gene were analyzed to detect haplotype variation within each of the species. A phylogenetic analysis was performed on our data plus data from GenBank. Considerable amount of intra-specific sequence divergence was found in I. longifolia, ranging between 0.2%−2.5%. Intra-specific sequence divergence in I. stebbingi ranged from 0.2%−1.1% and in I. schmutzenhoferi it varied by 0.2%. Interspecific sequence divergence was high among the three species: 7.4−8.6% between I. longifolia and I. stebbingi, 11.9−12.2% between I. stebbingi and I. schmutzenhoferi, and 11.5−12.6% between I. longifolia and I. schmutzenhoferi. Phylogenetic analyses revealed Himalayan Ips species to be monophyletic and unrelated to other Asian species. Ips stebbingi and I. longifolia were sister taxa and I. schmutzenhoferi was distinguished from I. stebbingi.
Description of Sarsilatona cf. fernandoi (Rane, 1983) (Crustacea: Cladocera: Sididae) found in the south of Vietnam
Authors: KOROVCHINSKY NIKOLAI M.
Published: March 2019

The representatives of the rare genus Sarsilatona close to originally poorly described S. fernandoi (Rane, 1983) from Central India (Madhya Pradesh State) are studied on the basis of female specimens from two localities in the south of Vietnam. Their exact species assignment remains to be vague due to inability to investigate the type material. The studied specimens differ from all other species of the genus in presence of only small denticles, not setules, on the sensory seta of antennules. S. cf. fernandoi resembles S. serricauda (Sars, 1901) in presence of large dorsal postabdominal outgrowths but differs from the latter in shorter antennules, lack of a large prominence on the posterior side of antennal basipodite, presence of setules, not small denticles, on the ventral valve margins, more numerous anal teeth in each cluster, and less numerous and thicker clusters of spinules near postero-ventral valve margins. The representatives of S. fernandoi s.l. seem to be widely distributed in tropical Asia, from India to Vietnam, preferring small water bodies. Superficially similar representatives of the genus from Africa probably belong to a yet undescribed new species.
Morpho (Morpho) helenor (Cramer) (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae, Morphinae) in Bolivia: Geographical distribution and ecological plasticity, with a description of a new subspecies
Authors: GARECA YUVINKA , BLANDIN PATRICK
Published: March 2019

The geographical distribution of Morpho helenor (Cramer) in Bolivia is mapped from the study of specimens preserved in Bolivian and foreign collections, and from recent field studies in various ecoregions. One subspecies, M. h. theodorus Fruhstorfer, inhabits Amazonian moist forests in the western and northern parts of the country. Another subspecies, M. h. coelestis Butler, is common in moist cloud forests (Bolivian Yungas), but also occurs to the North and North-East. We describe a new subspecies, M. h. prometa ssp. nov., from Southern Andean Yungas. Transition zones between theodorus and coelestis are highlighted, where specimens exhibiting intermediate phenotypes were collected. The pattern of geographic transition from M. h. coelestis to M. h. prometa needs to be documented. M. h. prometa inhabits sub-humid, semideciduous forests, whereas M. h. theodorus and M. h. coelestis live in rainforests. M. h. coelestis populations are found from less than 100 m to more than 1600 m a.s.l.; M. h. theodorus has been collected at more than 1000 m a.s.l.; and M. h. prometa between 500 m and 1400 m a.s.l.. Therefore, Bolivian M. helenor populations are distributed throughout a wide range of ecological contexts: we discuss the habitat plasticity of the species in light of available knowledge of its geographical distribution and habitats in the Neotropical Region.
Two new species of the genus Mycterothrips from Western Iran (Thysanoptera: Thripidae)
Authors: MIRAB-BALOU MAJID , SHI MIN , CHEN XUE-XIN
Published: March 2019

Two new species of Mycterothrips Trybom (Thripidae: Thripinae), M. hamedaniensis sp. n. and M. weii sp. n., are described and illustrated from Hamedan province in Western Iran.
First description of the female of Emblyna zherikhini (Marusik 1988) comb. n. (Araneae: Dictynidae)
Authors: OMELKO MIKHAIL M.
Published: March 2019

Emblyna Chamberlin 1948 is a fairly large Holarctic genus of dictynid spiders containing currently 75 nominal species (Platnick 2011). Most of the species (65) are known from the Nearctic Region. Although the genus was revised in the Nearctic (Chamberlin & Gertsch 1958) and several species were recently described from the West and East Palaearctic it remains poorly studied. Fourteen species are known from one sex only, either by males or by females. The internal structures of the epigyne are known only for some Palaearctic species. According to Lehtinen (1967) Emblyna differs from the related genus Dictyna Sundevall 1833 by having 2–3 metatarsal trichobothria (1 in Dictyna), a modified embolus in the male palp (simple in Dictyna) and a complex vulva in the female.
New species and records of Nandeva Wiedenbrug, Reiss et Fittkau (Chironomidae: Chironominae)
Authors: ANDERSEN TROND , SÆTHER OLE A. , CONTRERAS-RAMOS ATILANO
Published: March 2019

Nandeva digitifer sp. n. from Chile is described and figured as male and female and N. verruculata sp. n. from Brazil as male. The female of N. latiloba Sæther et Roque is also described and figured and new Neotropical records of N. latiloba, N. strixinorum Sæther et Roque and N. tropica Wiedenbrug, Reiss et Fittkau are given. The female of N. fittkaui Cranston is re-examined. New generic diagnosis and description are given for the imagines. Some character states from previous parsimony analyses are corrected and new analyses performed indicating Nandeva as part of Tanytarsini or as part of the sister group to Tanytarsini.
How Northern High-Latitude Volcanic Eruptions in Different Seasons Affect ENSO
Authors: Sun Weiyi , Wang Bin , Liu Jian , Chen Deliang , Gao Chaochao , Ning Liang , Chen Lin
Published: March 2019

The impact of northern high-latitude volcanic (NHV) eruptions on El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) is investigated based on ensemble simulations with the Community Earth System Model. The seasonality of the atmospheric circulation influences the NHV aerosol dispersion, causing stronger (weaker) Northern Hemisphere cooling after the January and April (July and October) eruptions. ENSO’s response is found to be more dependent on NHV eruption seasons than that on tropical eruption seasons. The January eruption causes an El Niño in an eruption year [year (0) hereafter] while an El Niño occurs in year (1) after the October eruption. No significant El Niño occurs after the April (July) eruption. A diagnostic analysis reveals that these El Niños’ developments are attributed to the positive zonal, meridional advective, and thermocline feedbacks, triggered by the western Pacific westerly anomalies. The anomalous North Pacific cyclone (NPC) and Asian monsoon are key systems to excite anomalous westerlies, which are caused by the NHV-induced midlatitude cooling and Eurasian continent–North Pacific thermal contrast. After the January eruption, the anomalous NPC develops in early summer and connects with a weakened Asian summer monsoon, which excites anomalous westerlies over the Indo-western Pacific, activating the Bjerknes feedback. For the October eruption, the anomalous NPC and enhanced East Asian winter monsoon bring cold air to the Maritime Continent and warm the subtropical central North Pacific through surface heat flux exchange, exciting the westerly anomalies. These results suggest that the strong dependence on the seasonal timing of NHV should be a critical element of data–model comparisons.
LSVT BIG in late stroke rehabilitation: A single-case experimental design study
Authors: Metcalfe Valerie , Egan Mary , Sauvé-Schenk Katrine
Published: March 2019

Background.

Late stroke rehabilitation interventions often target impairment with limited carryover to daily occupation.

Purpose.

This study explored whether the LSVT BIG program could lead to improved performance in client-identified occupations and decreased impairment late poststroke.

Method.

A single-case experimental design with one repetition was completed. Participants were two adults who had experienced a stroke 3 and 12 years previously. Each participant selected up to six occupational goals, and the intervention was applied to half. Repeated measures were taken using the Canadian Occupational Performance Measure and the Rating of Everyday Arm-Use in the Community and Home. Additional measures of performance and impairment were applied pre- and postintervention.

Findings.

Performance improved on either self-assessment or blinded-rater assessment for all but one activity (trained or untrained).

Implications.

LSVT BIG is a promising intervention to improve occupational performance. Further research is required to clarify elements of the program essential to improving occupational performance.
Who Gets Served in Gifted Education? Demographic Representation and a Call for Action
Authors: Peters Scott J. , Gentry Marcia , Whiting Gilman W. , McBee Matthew T.
Published: March 2019

The disproportional representation of students from various demographic subgroups within identified gifted and talented populations has long frustrated policy makers, education advocates, researchers practitioners within the field, and those concerned with societal inequality in general. Despite the prevalence of articles in the media reporting on disproportional representation, little research has been conducted to track whether (a) the representation of these student subgroups, particularly students with limited English proficiency or students with disabilities, has changed over time or (b) states with and without policies differ in proportional representation of students identified with gifts and talents. For example, increasingly, gifted education advocates have pushed for mandates that all students be screened for gifted program eligibility as a way to combat disproportionality, despite little evidence that such methods influence proportionality. Therefore, this study sought to understand whether and how state and national gifted program demographics have changed over time and how proportionality is correlated with state mandates for gifted education identification or services. A preprint of this paper as well as additional figures are available at: https://osf.io/325m9/ .
Long-Term Stability of Lorazepam in Sodium Chloride 0.9% Stored at Different Temperatures in Different Containers
Authors: Colsoul M. L. , Breuer A. , Goderniaux N. , Hecq J. D. , Soumoy L. , Bihin B. , Jamart J. , Galanti L.
Published: March 2019

Background and Objective: Infusion containing lorazepam is used by geriatric department to limit anxiety disorders in the elderly. Currently, these infusions are prepared according to demand by the nursing staff, but the preparation in advance in a centralized service could improve quality of preparation and time management. The aim of this study was to investigate the long-term stability of this infusion in polypropylene syringes stored at 5 ± 3°C. Then, results obtained were compared with stability data of lorazepam in syringes stored at room temperature, glass bottles at 5 ± 3°C, and glass bottles at room temperature. Method: Eight syringes and 6 bottles of infusion were prepared by diluting 1 mL lorazepam 4 mg in 23 mL of NaCl 0.9% under aseptic conditions. Five syringes and 3 bottles were stored at 5 ± 3°C and 3 syringes and 3 bottles were stored at room temperature for 30 days. During the storage period, particle appearance or color change were periodically checked by visual and microscope inspection. Turbidity was assessed by measurements of optical density (OD) at 3 wavelengths (350 nm, 410 nm, 550 nm). The stability of pH was also evaluated. The lorazepam concentrations were measured at each time point by high-performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detector at 220 nm. Results: Solutions were physically unstable in syringes at 5 ± 3°C after 4 days: crystals and a drop of OD at 350 nm were observed. However, pH was stable. After 2 days, solutions were considered as chemically unstable because a loss of lorazepam concentration higher than 10% was noticed: the lower 1-sided confidence limit at 95% was below 90% of the initial concentration. To assess temperature and polypropylene influence, results were compared with those obtained for syringes at room temperature and bottles at 5 ± 3°C and room temperature. Precipitation, drop of OD at 350 nm, and chemical instability were observed in all conditions. Conclusion: Solutions of lorazepam were unstable after 2 days in syringes at 5 ± 3°C. Preparation in advance appears, therefore, not possible for the clinical use. Storage conditions (temperature and form) do not improve the stability.
Detection method for auto guide vehicle’s walking deviation based on image thinning and Hough transform
Authors: Cao Xiaohua , Liu Daofan , Ren Xiaoyu
Published: March 2019

Auto guide vehicle’s position deviation always appears in its walking process. Current edge approaches applied in the visual navigation field are difficult to meet the high-level requirements of complex environment in factories since they are easy to be affected by noise, which results in low measurement accuracy and unsteadiness. In order to avoid the defects of edge detection algorithm, an improved detection method based on image thinning and Hough transform is proposed to solve the problem of auto guide vehicle’s walking deviation. First, the image of lane line is preprocessed with gray processing, threshold segmentation, and mathematical morphology, and then, the refinement algorithm is employed to obtain the skeleton of the lane line, combined with Hough detection and line fitting, the equation of the guide line is generated, and finally, the value of auto guide vehicle’s walking deviation can be calculated. The experimental results show that the methodology we proposed can deal with non-ideal factors of the actual environment such as bright area, path breaks, and clutters on road, and extract the parameters of the guide line effectively, after which the value of auto guide vehicle’s walking deviation is obtained. This method is proved to be feasible for auto guide vehicle in indoor environment for visual navigation.
Ultrasonic plastic welding of CF/PA6 composites to aluminium: Process and mechanical performance of welded joints
Authors: Dal Conte Umberto F , F Villegas Irene , Tachon Julien
Published: March 2019

Due to environmental challenges and need for action with regard to CO2 emission, reducing the weight of vehicles has become one of the most important goals of car manufacturers in Europe. Materials like fibre-reinforced plastics and aluminium are the core of the research for lightweight design. However, efficiently joining these materials together is still a challenge. When thermoplastic composites are used, direct joining (i.e. without adhesives or fasteners) with the metal substrate can be obtained using welding technologies which melt the thermoplastic at the interface. In this study, ultrasonic plastic welding was investigated as a candidate technology for joining aluminium and carbon fibre-reinforced thermoplastics. The goal was to understand the main mechanisms involved in the welding process and how they affect the performance of the joint. Initially, the technique proved to be successful, but moderate strengths were obtained. Therefore, several surface pre-treatments of aluminium were analysed to improve the performance in terms of lap shear strength; mechanical, chemical and physical treatments were also carried out. With laser structuring, strengths comparable to adhesive bonded joints were obtained, but in a much shorter process time. Other treatments led to considerable improvements as well. The encouraging results achieved represent an important step in the development of ultrasonic plastic welding for multi-material joining in the automotive industry.
Adjusting College Costs for Noncredit Enrollments: An Issue for Data Geeks or Policy Makers?
Authors: Romano Richard M. , Kirshstein Rita J. , D’Amico Mark , Hom Willard , Van Noy Michelle
Published: March 2019

Objective: In the first study of its kind, the impact of excluding noncredit enrollments in calculations of spending in community colleges is explored. Noncredit enrollments are not reported to Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System (IPEDS), but expenditures for these efforts are. This study corrects for this omission and provides new estimates of spending on community college students in four states. Method: Data on noncredit enrollments were made available from four states—New York, New Jersey, California, and North Carolina. Interviews with campus and state officials within each state helped us verify the findings. In addition, Delta Cost Project data were analyzed and adjusted to account for noncredit enrollments. Results: Our analysis indicates that the expenditure per full-time equivalent (FTE) student measure, which researchers typically use, seriously overstates the resources that community colleges have to spend on educating students; however, great variations exist within and across states. Conclusion: Community colleges are underfunded to an even greater extent than standard IPEDS analyses indicate.
Impossible Choices: How Workers Manage Unpredictable Scheduling Practices
Authors: Alvarez Camila H. , Loustaunau Lola , Petrucci Larissa , Scott Ellen
Published: March 2019

A total of 16 percent of hourly workers and 36 percent of workers paid on some other basis experience unstable work schedules due to irregular, on-call, rotating, or split shifts, which negatively impact workers’ ability to manage family responsibilities, finances, and health. Primarily drawing on data from in-depth interviews conducted in Oregon in 2016, this study expands research on how workers navigate through “bad jobs” by exploring the ways in which they respond in an attempt to manage the individual impacts of precarious work arrangements. We found that workers respond to unpredictable scheduling in four ways: they acquiesce, self-advocate, quit, or directly oppose employers. Our findings highlight the “impossible choices” workers face as they negotiate prevalent, unpredictable work conditions, juggle work-life obligations, and struggle to remain employed. We conclude with fair week, work policy recommendations.
Atrial septal defect causing angina
Authors: Bansal Dhananjay , Banday Mohd Javed , Gupta Anubhav , Aiyer Palash , Grover Vijay , Kumar Gupta Vijay
Published: March 2019

Left coronary artery compression syndrome is characterized by compression of the left main coronary artery between the aorta and an enlarged main pulmonary artery. A 39-year-old woman presented with angina with dyspnea on exertion for two years. Detailed investigations revealed an atrial septal defect, valvular lesions, and severe pulmonary hypertension with left main coronary artery compression. Patch closure of the atrial septal defect, left coronary artery bypass, and valve repair was carried out. The patient recovered well and was asymptomatic on follow-up. The optimal management of such patients is yet to be clarified.
Effects of minocycline on epiplexus macrophage activation, choroid plexus injury and hydrocephalus development in spontaneous hypertensive rats
Authors: Gu Chi , Hao Xiaodi , Li Jianru , Hua Ya , Keep Richard F , Xi Guohua
Published: March 2019

Hydrocephalus has been reported to occur in spontaneous hypertensive rats (SHRs). The purposes of this study were (1) to use T2 magnetic resonance imaging to examine time of onset, (2) to elucidate potential underlying mechanisms and (3) to determine whether minocycline could prevent hydrocephalus development. Ventriculomegaly was evaluated by T2 imaging in SHRs and Wistar-Kyoto rats from weeks 4 to 7 after birth. Brain histology and transmission electron microscopy were used to assess the periventricular and choroid plexus damage. SHRs were also treated with either vehicle or minocycline. We found that hydrocephalus was observed in SHRs but not in Wistar-Kyoto rats. It occurred at seven weeks of age but was not present at four and five weeks. The hydrocephalus was associated with epiplexus cell (macrophage) activation, choroid plexus cell death and damage to the ventricle wall. Treatment with minocycline from week 5 attenuated hydrocephalus development and pathological changes in choroid plexus and ventricular wall at week 7. The current study found that spontaneous hydrocephalus arises at ∼7 weeks in male SHRs. The early development of hydrocephalus (persistent ventricular dilatation) may result from epiplexus cell activation, choroid plexus cell death and periventricular damage, which can be ameliorated by treatment with minocycline.