bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Centella asiatica mitigates the detrimental effects of Bisphenol-A (BPA) on pancreatic islets
Authors: Banerjee Oly , Singh Siddhartha , Paul Tiyesh , Maji Bithin Kumar , Mukherjee Sandip
Published: April 2024

Bisphenol-A (BPA) is widely used in food packaging and household products, leading to daily human exposure and potential health risks including metabolic diseases like type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Understanding BPA's mechanisms and developing intervention strategies is urgent. Centella asiatica, a traditional herbal medicine containing pentacyclic triterpenoids, shows promise due to its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, utilized for centuries in Ayurvedic therapy. We investigated the effect of Centella asiatica (CA) ethanol extract on BPA-induced pancreatic islet toxicity in male Swiss albino mice. BPA administration (10 and 100 μg/kg body weight, twice daily) for 21 days caused glucose homeostasis disturbances, insulin resistance, and islet dysfunction, which were partially mitigated by CA supplementation (200 and 400 mg/kg body weight). Additionally, heightened oxidative stress, elevated levels of proinflammatory cytokines, loss of mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), abnormal cell cycle, and increased apoptosis were implicated in the detrimental impact of BPA on the endocrine pancreas which were effectively counteracted by CA supplementation. In summary, CA demonstrated a significant ability to mitigate BPA-induced apoptosis, modulate redox homeostasis, alleviate inflammation, preserve MMP, and regulate the cell cycle. As a result, CA emerged as a potent agent in neutralizing the diabetogenic effects of BPA to a considerable extent.
Factors affecting motivation for receiving a booster dose of the COVID-19 vaccine among Japanese university students and staff: a cross-sectional questionnaire survey
Authors: Uchida Sho , Uno Shunsuke , Kondo Masahiro , Uwamino Yoshifumi , Namkoong Ho , Nishimura Tomoyasu , Misawa Kana , Kashimura Shoko , Yamato Kei , Ishizaka Tamami , Nagashima Kengo , Kitagawa Yuko , Hasegawa Naoki
Published: April 2024

Understanding the factors that influence people’s decisions regarding vaccination is essential to promote vaccination. We aimed to clarify the motivations for receiving booster vaccines. We conducted a paper-based questionnaire distributed during January–February 2022 involving students and faculty staff who received the first COVID-19 vaccination at the mass vaccination program during June–September 2021 at Keio University. A total of 1725 participants were enrolled, and all completed the survey. Among these, 64.9% reported a significant adverse event (AEs) affecting daily life after the second vaccine. “Fear of severe COVID-19 illness” (72.6%) was the most common reason for getting vaccinated, followed by “concern of infecting others” (68.4%) and “fear of COVID-19 infection itself” (68.3%). Television emerged as the most influential source of information (80%), followed by university information (50.2%) and social networking sites (42.8%). Multivariate analysis revealed “fear of severe COVID-19 illness”, “fear of COVID-19 infection itself”, and “trust in the efficacy and safety of the vaccines in general” were significantly correlated with willingness to receive paid vaccinations. The severity of AEs and source of information were not related to participants’ willingness to receive booster vaccinations. Participants with positive reasons for vaccination were more likely to accept a third dose.
Optimizing industrial transport with a connected automated vehicle demonstrator for assembly systems and end-of-line production
Authors: Curiel-Ramirez Luis A. , Adlon Tobias , Burggräf Peter , Ramirez-Mendoza Ricardo A. , Beyer Moritz , Gert Denny
Published: April 2024

In recent years, the automotive industry has witnessed significant progress in the development of automated driving technologies. The integration of advanced sensors and systems in vehicles has led to the emergence of various functionalities, such as driving assistance and autonomous driving. Applying these technologies on the assembly line can enhance the efficiency, safety, and speed of transportation, especially at end-of-line production. This work presents a connected automated vehicle (CAV) demonstrator for generating autonomous driving systems and services for the automotive industry. Our prototype electric vehicle is equipped with state-of-the-art sensors and systems for perception, localization, navigation, and control. We tested various algorithms and tools for transforming the vehicle into a self-driving platform, and the prototype was simulated and tested in an industrial environment as proof of concept for integration into assembly systems and end-of-line transport. Our results show the successful integration of self-driving vehicle platforms in the automotive industry, particularly in factory halls. We demonstrate the localization, navigation, and communication capabilities of our prototype in a demo area. This work anticipates a significant increase in efficiency and operating cost reduction in vehicle manufacturing, despite challenges such as current low traveling speeds and high equipment costs. Ongoing research aims to enhance safety for higher vehicle speeds, making it a more viable business case for manufacturers, considering the increasing standardization of automated driving equipment in cars. The main contribution of this paper lies in introducing the general concept architecture of the integration of automated driving functionalities in end-of-line assembly and production systems. Showing a case study of the effective development and implementation of such functionalities with a CAV demonstrator in a more standardized industrial operational design domain.
Spontaneous perspective-taking in real-time language comprehension: evidence from eye-movements and grain of coordination
Authors: Wei Yipu , Wan Yingjia , Tanenhaus Michael K.
Published: April 2024

Linguistic communication requires interlocutors to consider differences in each other’s knowledge (perspective-taking). However, perspective-taking might either be spontaneous or strategic. We monitored listeners’ eye movements in a referential communication task. A virtual speaker gave temporally ambiguous instructions with scalar adjectives (“big” in “big cubic block”). Scalar adjectives assume a contrasting object (a small cubic block). We manipulated whether the contrasting object (a small triangle) for a competitor object (a big triangle) was in common ground (visible to both speaker and listener) or was occluded so it was in the listener’s privileged ground, in which case perspective-taking would allow earlier reference-resolution. We used a complex visual context with multiple objects, making strategic perspective-taking unlikely when all objects are in the listener’s referential domain. A turn-taking, puzzle-solving task manipulated whether participants could anticipate a more restricted referential domain. Pieces were either confined to a small area (requiring fine-grained coordination) or distributed across spatially distinct regions (requiring only coarse-grained coordination). Results strongly supported spontaneous perspective-taking: Although comprehension was less time-locked in the coarse-grained condition, participants in both conditions used perspective information to identify the target referent earlier when the competitor contrast was in privileged ground, even when participants believed instructions were computer-generated.
Leveraging continuous glucose monitoring for personalized modeling of insulin-regulated glucose metabolism
Authors: Erdős Balázs , O’Donovan Shauna D. , Adriaens Michiel E. , Gijbels Anouk , Trouwborst Inez , Jardon Kelly M. , Goossens Gijs H. , Afman Lydia A. , Blaak Ellen E. , van Riel Natal A. W. , Arts Ilja C. W.
Published: April 2024

Continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) is a promising, minimally invasive alternative to plasma glucose measurements for calibrating physiology-based mathematical models of insulin-regulated glucose metabolism, reducing the reliance on in-clinic measurements. However, the use of CGM glucose, particularly in combination with insulin measurements, to develop personalized models of glucose regulation remains unexplored. Here, we simultaneously measured interstitial glucose concentrations using CGM as well as plasma glucose and insulin concentrations during an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) in individuals with overweight or obesity to calibrate personalized models of glucose-insulin dynamics. We compared the use of interstitial glucose with plasma glucose in model calibration, and evaluated the effects on model fit, identifiability, and model parameters’ association with clinically relevant metabolic indicators. Models calibrated on both plasma and interstitial glucose resulted in good model fit, and the parameter estimates associated with metabolic indicators such as insulin sensitivity measures in both cases. Moreover, practical identifiability of model parameters was improved in models estimated on CGM glucose compared to plasma glucose. Together these results suggest that CGM glucose may be considered as a minimally invasive alternative to plasma glucose measurements in model calibration to quantify the dynamics of glucose regulation.
Investigation into safflower injection as a prophylactic treatment for retinal vein occlusion in a rabbit model
Authors: Li Junling , Guo Zhenfeng , Wu Jianguo
Published: April 2024

The study aimed to assess the effect and mechanism of safflower injection in preventing retinal vein thrombosis in rabbits. Twenty healthy adult pigmented rabbits were randomly assigned to either the experimental group, receiving safflower injection, or the control group, receiving normal saline. After two weeks of treatment, blood samples were collected to analyze platelet adhesion and aggregation rates. Photodynamic therapy was applied to induce occlusion in the target retinal vein. Fundus photography and fluorescein angiography were recorded using a dynamic microscopic monitoring system, and laser speckle imaging was employed to assess blood flow in the affected vein. The experimental group exhibited significantly lower rates of platelet adhesion and aggregation compared to the control group. Following the induction of retinal vein occlusion, the experimental group showed a lower complete occlusion rate of the target retinal vein. Although initial blood flow in the target vein was similar between groups, the blood flow at 1, 3, and 5 min post-occlusion was significantly higher in the experimental group. Safflower injection delayed retinal vein thrombosis formation, preserved blood flow in the affected retinal area, and reduced platelet adhesion and aggregation. These effects facilitated vascular reperfusion within a limited timeframe.
Carcass and meat characteristics of Nellore young bulls fed diet using cottonseed cake as a replacer of the forage fiber source
Authors: Arcanjo Angelo Herbet Moreira , Ítavo Luís Carlos Vinhas , Brandão Ferreira Ítavo Camila Celeste , de Bonin Gomes Marina Nadai , Nazário Carlos Eduardo Domingues , Gurgel Antonio Leandro Chaves , Dias-Silva Tairon Pannunzio , Santana Juliana Caroline Santos , da Silva Manoel Gustavo Paranhos , de Aguiar Coelho Flávio , Miranda Estevão Lopes , de Melo Soares Évelyn Silva , da Silva Ana Hellen , da Silva Laura Beatriz Perez , Paro Rafael Goes Cardoso
Published: April 2024

The aim of this study was to assess the effects of substituting traditional forage fiber sources with cottonseed cake in the diet on both the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of carcass and meat in Nelore young bulls. Twenty-four Nelore steers starting with an average weight of 377.8 ± 43.5 kg, were individually housed in stalls and provided with individualized feeding over a 112-day confinement period. The study followed a completely randomized design with two treatments and 12 replications. The diets incorporated either whole plant corn silage (WPCS) and, cottonseed cake (CSC) as fiber sources, at a rate of 300 g/kg of dry matter. The CSC diet promoted higher carcass weight. Aging animal meat for seven days significantly decreased the shear force from 83.4 to 71.6 N. Although diets did not influence meat composition, WPCS diet provided higher concentrations of C16:1, C18:1n9c, C18:3n3, and C22:2 acid, and CSC diet higher concentrations of C15:0, C18:1n9t, C18:2n6c, and 20:3n3. The WPCS diet provided higher concentrations of monounsaturated fatty acids and ω9, and the CSC diet had higher concentrations of ω6 and ω6:ω3 ratio in meat. Cottonseed cake used as a fiber source increases the concentration of polyunsaturated fatty acids and ω6 fatty acids in the meat of young bulls finished in feedlot.
Neurotoxic non-protein amino acids in commercially harvested Lobsters (Homarus americanus H. Milne-Edwards)
Authors: Sandhu Pawanjit K. , Solonenka Julia T. , Murch Susan J.
Published: April 2024

Cyanobacteria produce neurotoxic non-protein amino acids (NPAAs) that accumulate in ecosystems and food webs. American lobsters (Homarus americanus H. Milne-Edwards) are one of the most valuable seafood industries in Canada with exports valued at > $2 billion. Two previous studies have assessed the occurrence of β-N-methylamino-L-alanine (BMAA) in a small number of lobster tissues but a complete study has not previously been undertaken. We measured NPAAs in eyeballs, brain, legs, claws, tails, and eggs of 4 lobsters per year for the 2021 and 2022 harvests. Our study included 4 male and 4 female lobsters. We detected BMAA and its isomers, N-(2-aminoethyl)glycine (AEG), 2,4-diaminobutyric acid (DAB) and β-aminomethyl-L-alanine (BAMA) by a fully validated reverse phase chromatography—tandem mass spectrometry method. We quantified BMAA, DAB, AEG and BAMA in all of the lobster tissues. Our quantification data varied by individual lobster, sex and collection year. Significantly more BMAA was quantified in lobsters harvested in 2021 than 2022. Interestingly, more BAMA was quantified in lobsters harvested in 2022 than 2021. Monitoring of lobster harvests for cyanobacterial neurotoxins when harmful algal bloom events occur could mitigate risks to human health.
Preparation of Ti3C2Tx modified rare earth doped PbO2 electrodes for efficient removal of sulfamethoxazole
Authors: Zhu Dancheng , Wu Yifan , Zheng Kai , Xu Hao , Chen Chao , Qiao Jun , Shen Chao
Published: April 2024

In this study, we deposited Ti3C2Tx-modified, rare-earth-doped PbO2 on the surface of a carbon fabric via electrodeposition. The surface morphology and electronic structure of the electrode were characterized with SEM, XRD and XPS. The layered Ti3C2Tx did not change the structure of β-PbO2, and at the same time, it improved the crystallinity of the material and reduced the grains of PbO2. Electrochemical experiments showed that the addition of Ti3C2Tx increased the electrochemical activity of the electrode and produced more H2O2, which contributed to the degradation of pollutants. The efficiency of sulfamethoxazole (SMX) degradation reached 95% after 120 min at pH 3 with a current density of 50 mA/cm2. Moreover, the electrode has good cycling performance, and the degradation efficiency was still 80% after 120 min after 10 cycles of recycling. Based on the intermediates identified by HPLC‒MS, a mechanism for SMX degradation was proposed. Our results will provide a new idea for the development of efficient electrocatalytic degradation of antibiotics.
Transient IR spectroscopy of optically centrifuged CO2 (R186–R282) and collision dynamics for the J = 244–282 states
Authors: Ritter Michael E. , DeSouza Simone A. , Ogden Hannah M. , Michael Tara J. , Mullin Amy S.
Published: April 2024

Optically centrifuged CO2 molecules with J = 244–282 are aligned with the excitation polarization while collision products with J = 76–100 have no polarization. Collisions relax 〈mJ〉 at a rate of −2 per collision.
Mass spectrometry in the age of green analytical chemistry
Authors: Zou Yuchen , Tang Weiwei , Li Bin
Published: April 2024

Vital aspects to consider when implementing green analytical chemistry in mass spectrometry.
Review on anti-alzheimer drug development: approaches, challenges and perspectives
Authors: Abdallah Abdallah E.
Published: April 2024

Alzheimer has many crucial factors that should be considered in order to get better results from clinical trials. Benzimidazole and its isosteres represent significant scaffolds for designing potential multi-target anti-alzheimer molecules.
Faceted wrinkling by contracting a curved boundary
Authors: Pal Anshuman S. , Pocivavsek Luka , Witten Thomas A.
Published: April 2024

A novel mode of wrinkling avoids stretching by forming tilted, triangular facets.
Crystal phase-dependent optical properties of CoMn-based spinel oxides for solar thermal conversion
Authors: Ma Huilan , Wang Shengyang , Ye Qi , Guo Longfei , Wang Entao , Li Jun , Li Can
Published: April 2024

This work reveals the intrinsic correlation of the crystal phase of CoMnO-based spinel oxides with its optical properties and solar thermal conversion efficiency.
Boosting the fill factor and open-circuit voltage of carbon-based perovskite solar cells with a graphene co-doped P3HT/NiOx hole-transporting bilayer
Authors: Song Yuhao , Xu Bingjie , Deng Yingying , Yao Miaosen , Tong Junjie , Wang Qichao , Wang Wanlong , Yue Gentian , Zhang Weifeng , Dong Chen , Tan Furui
Published: April 2024

A low-temperature and solution-processed graphene co-doped G-P3HT/G-NiOx hole-transporting bilayer with enhanced conductivity and matched cascade band alignment is designed for high-performance carbon electrode perovskite solar cells.
Multifunctional antibacterial hydrogels for chronic wound management
Authors: Hu Yungang , Yu Lu , Dai Qiang , Hu Xiaohua , Shen Yuming
Published: April 2024

Due to their distinctive physical and chemical properties as well as their biological functionalities, multifunctional antibacterial hydrogels possess significant advantages in the treatment of chronic wounds.
Fully atom-economic access to spiro-cyclic skeletons through photoredox-induced hydrogen transfer/Giese addition/dearomative cyclization/protonation cascade
Authors: Zeng Guohui , Luo Hui , Jiang Kai , Cai Jianpeng , Yin Biaolin
Published: April 2024

Amine-tethered spiro-cyclic skeletons were obtained through photo-induced 100%-atom-economic dearomatization, involving the cleavage of the α-C(sp3)–H of amines. Pentacyclic framework was achieved from pyridinyl ring within two steps.
Carpesabrolide A, a novel meroterpenoid with anti-inflammatory activity from Carpesium abrotanoides
Authors: Zhang Xiao-Fang , Du Jiao-Xian , Teng Si-Qiong , Liu Hui , He Juan , Feng Tao , Liu Ji-Kai
Published: April 2024

Carpesabrolide A is a fumaric acid–guaiane sesquiterpenoid hybrid isolated from the medicinal plant Carpesium abrotanoides. It significantly inhibited NO production with an IC50 value of 2.7 μM.
In situ fluoro-oxygen codoped graphene layer for high-performance lithium metal anode
Authors: Li Yue , Xiang Jia , Li Yahao , Zhang Lulu , Tao Huachao , Yang Xuelin
Published: April 2024

This study provides low-cost and environmentally friendly in situ doping strategies for graphene and a simple method to enhance the performance of lithium metal anode.
Construction of magnetic MoS2/NiFe2O4/MIL-101(Fe) hybrid nanostructures for separation of dyes and antibiotics from aqueous media
Authors: Moradi-Bieranvand Mehri , Farhadi Saeed , Zabardasti Abedin , Mahmoudi Farzaneh
Published: April 2024

A novel MoS2/NiFe2O4/MIL-101(Fe) ternary magnetic nanocomposite was fabricated for the adsorptive removal of dyes and drugs from water.
Copolyester toughened poly(lactic acid) biodegradable material prepared by in situ formation of polyethylene glycol and citric acid
Authors: Zhao Xipo , Li Peidong , Mo Fan , Zhang Yuejun , Huang Zepeng , Yu Jiajie , Zhou Ling , Bi Siwen , Peng Shaoxian
Published: April 2024

A simple and non-toxic strategy for toughening PLA.
Synthesis of novel bioactive pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidine derivatives with potent cytotoxicity through apoptosis as PIM-1 kinase inhibitors
Authors: Tantawy Eman S. , Nafie Mohamed S. , Morsy Hesham A. , El-Sayed Hassan A. , Moustafa Ahmed H. , Mohammed Samar M.
Published: April 2024

Novel bioactive pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidine derivatives with potent apoptotic inducers as PIM-1 kinase inhibitors.
The mechanism of NOx removal in the sintering process based on source reduction of carbon emissions
Authors: Han Shiwang , Shao Ranlei , Wang Luyuan , Zhang Xingyu , Xuan Chengbo , Cheng Xingxing , Wang Zhiqiang
Published: April 2024

In this study, poplar carbon is used as auxiliary fuel to replace part of the coke powder used in the sintering process of iron ore to reduce emissions.
Callistemon viminalis leaf extract phytochemicals modified silver–ruthenium bimetallic zinc oxide nanocomposite biosynthesis: application on nanocoating photocatalytic Escherichia coli disinfection
Authors: Jha Pankaj Kumar , Jaidumrong Tunyakamon , Rokaya Dinesh , Ovatlarnporn Chitchamai
Published: April 2024

Callistemon viminalis leaf extract, Ag–Ru/ZnO bimetallic nanocomposite, nanocoating UVA light photo-disinfection, antibacterial application.
Significant improvement of photocatalytic hydrogen evolution performance in covalent organic frameworks: substituent fine-tuning
Authors: Jiang Shaodong , Niu Hongyun , Sun Qing , Zhao Rusong , Li Na , Cai Yaqi
Published: April 2024

Six covalent organic frameworks with different substituents on the same backbone were synthesized to explore the relationship between their photocatalytic hydrogen precipitation efficiency and their structures.
A sacrificial separator facilitating in situ creation of a durable CEI layer and tailoring lithium dendrites for practical lithium metal batteries
Authors: Park Sung Joon , Choi Yun Jeong , Cheon Jaemun , Kim Hyungjun , Lee Jong-Won , Yim Taeeun , Kim Ki Jae
Published: April 2024

The TBB–PE separator can form a robust and uniform boron-rich CEI (cathode electrolyte interphase) layer on the cathode surface via electrochemical oxidation as well as inhibit the growth of lithium dendrites by anion anchoring.
Amyloid detection in neurodegenerative diseases using MOFs
Authors: Maru Ketan , Singh Amarendra , Jangir Ritambhara , Jangir Komal Kumar
Published: April 2024

The adaptability of MOFs allows precise detection and quantification of amyloid proteins. This study delves into how MOFs contribute to detecting amyloid diseases, sorting their uses according to different sensing methods.
Silver ions induced growth of plasmonic Au hexagonal star plates
Authors: Tong Lingbo , Zhang Xinlei , Chen Huan , Mi Xiaohu , Li Jinping , Zhang Zhenglong
Published: April 2024

The selective site deposition of Ag+ led to the formation of Au hexagonal star plates.
Open system massive synthesis of narrow-band blue and green fluorescent graphene quantum dots and their application in water sensing
Authors: Ochi Yukino , Otani Ayano , Katakami Rika , Ogura Akihiro , Takao Ken-ichi , Iso Yoshiki , Isobe Tetsuhiko
Published: April 2024

PG-derived graphene quantum dots (GQDs) were obtained with 99.4% product yield and exhibited narrow-band blue fluorescence with a high quantum yield.
An overview of face recognition methods
Authors: AL_Dujaili Mohammed Jawad , Dhaam Haidar Zaeer , Al-Fatlawi Ahmed
Published: April 2024

Face recognition is one of the most important parts of artificial intelligence and machine vision systems. In a face recognition system, the face is identified in a search database, and the face closest to it is identified. Hence, the identity of the person can be determined. There are many applications for face recognition systems, the most important of which is authentication. In this article, we select the feature extraction method and classification from different face recognition methods and review its different methods.
Optimization of the Cost of Repetitive Construction Projects Using Computerized Iteration Method
Authors: Abdulhassan Aqeel , Muter Ruqaya A. , Majdi Ali , Abd Mosehab Sabah Mohammed , Kareem Fatin Hashim , Al-Janabi Israa Mohsin Kadhim
Published: April 2024

This study introduces an iterative scheduling method that combines two approaches for managing repetitive construction projects: the Critical Path Method (CPM) and the Repetitive Scheduling Method (RSM). The primary objective of this study is to demonstrate how optimization techniques can be applied to minimize the cost of construction projects within a defined range, spanning from the shortest to the longest possible project durations. In the shortest project duration (as determined by CPM), all activities are allocated idle times based on precedence constraints, while in the longest duration (as determined by RSM), there is no idle time allocated. To calculate the optimal schedule, a computerized iterative method specifically designed for this purpose considers all possible combinations of activities with and without idle time. The optimum schedule is the one that minimizes the total project cost. The study reveals that by using an Excel spreadsheet, it is feasible to deterministically optimize the cost of repetitive construction projects, achieving the minimum cost. This minimization process can also be implemented as a Python application. Notably, this proposed system provides multiple optimal solutions, enabling managers to select the most suitable one. This advantage distin-guishes it from conventional methods, such as genetic algorithms and other optimization techniques. However, there are some limitations when applying this application, one of which is the maximum capacity available to run the application.
Using Lignin and Tannin as Green Corrosion Inhibitors for Carbon Steel Petrolum Tanks
Authors: Faris Abbas Hasan , Najib Amel Muhson , Hamid Khaled J. , Yousif Raad Hameed , Mohamad Ibrahim Mohamad Nasir
Published: April 2024

The best strategy for combating corrosion is verified by recent studies that employ organic green corrosion inhibitors isolated from plant extracts that are biodegradable, environmentally friendly, suitable priced, and safe. This current research conducted various experiments on Kraft lignin extracted from Iraqi date palm fronds base (DPFB) and tannin to inhibit corrosion. The corrosion monitoring technique includes the weight loss method and surface analysis by optical microscope. The extracted lignin was characterized using 13CNMR. The results showed clear evidence of Kraft lignin’s and tannin's corrosion inhibition behavior of carbon steel alloys immersed in 0.5 M HCl solutions. As increasing concentration, Kraft lignin and tannin became more effective inhibitors. Furthermore, Kraft lignin showed more effectiveness as a corrosion inhibitor than tannin.
Exploring Text Data Compression: A Comparative Study of Adaptive Huffman and LZW Approaches
Authors: Kadhim Doaa J. , Mosleh Mahmood F. , Abed Faeza A.
Published: April 2024

Data compression is a critical procedure in computer science that aims to minimize the size of data files while maintaining their vital information. It is extensively utilized in Numerous applications, including communication, data storage, and multimedia transmission. In this work, we investigated the results of compressing four different text files with Lempel-Ziv-Welch compression techniques and Adaptive Huffman coding. The experiment used four text files: Arabic and English paragraphs and repeated Arabic and English characters. We measured Bit-rate, Compression Time, and Decompression Time to evaluate the algorithms' performance. With a compression time of around 22 μsec/char, the results demonstrated that the Adaptive Huffman algorithm was quicker at compressing Arabic and English text files. On the other hand, the decompression time for the LZW technique was 23 μsec/char, which was quicker. The Adaptive Huffman algorithm outperforms the LZW with a Bit rate of about 1.25 bits per character for Arabic text. The English-formatted encoded text's Bit rate in Adaptive Huffman was 4.495 bit/char, lower than LZW's Bit rates of 3.363 and 6.824 bit/char for the Arabic and English texts, respectively. When it came to texts containing Arabic and English characters, the LZW algorithm outperformed the Adaptive Huffman algorithm in terms of decompression time and Bit-rate. The decompression time for a text with Arabic letters was 6 μsec/char, and the Bit-rate was 0.717 bits/char. These values were lower compared to the text with English letters, which had a decompression time of 16 μsec/char and a Bit-rate of 1.694 bit/char. For compression time Adaptive Huffman outperform LZW and achieve 15 μsec/char, and 47 μsec/char for both Arabic and English letters files respectively.
English-Arabic Phonetic Dataset construction
Authors: Rajih Mohammed Zaid , Aliwy Ahmed H.
Published: April 2024

In the field of natural language processing, the effectiveness of a semantic similarity task is significantly influenced by the presence of an extensive corpus. While numerous monolingual corpora exist, predominantly in English, the availability of multilingual resources remains quite restricted. In this study, we present a semi- automated framework designed for generating a multilingual phonetic English- Arabic corpus, specifically tailored for application in multilingual phonetically and semantic similarity tasks. The proposed model consists of four phases: data gathering, preprocessing and translation, extraction IPA representation, and manual correction. Four datasets were used one of them was constructed from many sources. A manual correction was used at all the levels of the system to produce a golden standard dataset. The final dataset was in the form (English Word, English Phonetic, equivalent Arabic Word, and Arabic Phonetic). Also, a deep learning approach was used for extracting International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) phonetic representation where the results for 13400 samples show that the Phonetic Error Rate (PER) and accuracy were 11.96% and 88.04 % respectively which are good results for producing IPA representation for unknown English and Arabic names.
Text Summarization using different Methods for Deep Learning
Authors: Shaker Fatima , Abd Zaid Mustafa M. , Ali Talib Al-Khazaali Ahmed , Ali Al-Khzaali Zahraa
Published: April 2024

In the current era of rapid information expansion, text summarization has become vital for comprehending textual material. Physically condensing large textual volumes is challenging for humans, especially considering the vast amount of text content available online. Text summarization is an active field of research that focuses on summarizing large texts into shorter versions while retaining important information. The writing can be categorized as either extractive or abstractive regarding its summary. Extractive summarizing methods function by determining the significance of individual sentences within a text and selecting them to form a summary. This approach relies solely on sentences extracted from the original text. Abstractive summarization methods aim to rephrase significant information. Text summarization can be achieved by many deep learning methodologies, including fuzzy logic, Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN), transformers, neural networks, and reinforcement learning. Over the past three years, there has been a modest shift in the research focus on text summarizing. Current developments aim to increase the efficiency of text summarization and attain optimal accuracy. This study aims to examine the various methods of using deep learning for text summarization and identify the current deep learning developments.
OFDM-Based VLC Systems: A Systematic Review
Authors: Ali Mansour Eliwi , Abdulkafi Ayad A.
Published: April 2024

Visible Light Communications (VLC) represents a new technology of wireless communications allowing high data rate, high-speed internet access, green and friendly communication system, especially for indoor users, where the use of Light Emitting Diodes (LEDs) is growing as a viable alternative to traditional illumination. Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) is a promising modulation format for optical wireless communication (OWC); however, precise channel estimation is required for synchronization and equalization. Moreover, one of the challenging issues for OFDM is its high Peak-to-Average Power Ratio (PAPR) due to the superposition of all subcarriers; therefore, the system requires a high linearity and dynamic range. This paper provides a systematic overview of OFDM-based VLC systems, highlighting the essential aspects of PAPR reduction and channel estimation techniques. Several technical challenges have been addressed to realize the full potential of OFDM-based VLC technology. Moreover, we provide new insights into the over-explored and under-explored areas, which lead us to identify open research problems of VLC based on OFDM. Concisely, this paper serves as a guide and a starting point for researchers willing to research VLC using OFDM.
The role of technology in shaping the coexistence of local hospital buildings
Authors: Abdullatief AL Taie Huda , Hasan Hashim Almajidi Basim , Hashim Hameed El-Eqapy Ahmed
Published: April 2024

Architecture is one of the reflections of the development of societies and an indication of the extent of their development from the technological aspect, as this results in products characterized by uniqueness and positivity, as the role of technology is highlighted in the occurrence of symbiotic interference on existing buildings, especially hospital buildings, because this type of building has a constant need for expansion, so the relationship between the origin and the symbiont differs. Depending on the time of addition and the subsequent technological developments that give possibilities and possibilities for coexistence, in addition to the factor of the surrounding environment, the general fabric, and the original building, the important role in determining patterns for reconfiguration of coexistence. However, the concept of technology has the fundamental role in determining the type of relationship and connection and its degree between two cities, as the research aims to clarify the perception. Knowledge about the impact of technology on existing local hospital buildings in terms of materials, structures and mechanisms used when merging old and new, and applying the theoretical framework that has been reached on two samples of existing local hospitals and showing how to achieve the coexistence formation of this type of building to arrive at the most important conclusions (developments affect Technology on hospital configurations when adding and expanding, especially at the levels (structures - materials - facades - basic composition)).
Different Design Aspects of L-Shaped Earth Retaining Structures
Authors: Al-Taie Abbas J. , Ahmed Mahmood D.
Published: April 2024

The L-shaped retaining walls (L-SRWs) are considered one of the important earth retaining structures (ERSs). The investigation of L-SRWs mainly depends on factors directly related to the design process. Reviewing these factors represents the key matter in the design of ERSs, and this is the main purpose of this paper. This review showed that, in the design of L-SRWs, there are important issues to be considered. Some of them are related to the backfill and foundation soils e.g. the dependency of soil stiffness on the state of stresses, information related to soil behavior, inclination and quality of backfill, and settlement of foundation soil. Other issues are related to the wall itself such as the wall dimensions, failure mechanism, and flexural failure mode. In the design processes of L-SRWs, structural and geotechnical design requirements should be considered. L-SRWs should be designed to be proportional in their dimensions, the width of the wall base and its height should be designed to meet a specific ratio. Considerations related to the "conjugate rupture planes", the displacement pattern, and flexural failure mode should be included in the design process of L-SRWs.
Study and Evaluation a New Predictive Control Method for Speed and Stator Current Control of Induction Motor
Authors: Ghazi Bashaw Faisal , Khalaf Salih Intisar , Thiab Hasan Ghanim
Published: April 2024

It is clear that modern industries rely heavily on electric motors, especially induction motors. These motors convert electrical energy into mechanical energy. The distinction in the performance of the induction motor lies in that it is powerful when exposed to various operational and environmental variables, and it is also inexpensive. However, there are many traditional disadvantages that appear during the operation of the induction motor in its non-linear mechanical properties in addition to the difficulty in regulating the speed of the motor. In this paper , we present a new control method for controlling the stator current and speed of induction motor based on current control with speed control technique. The present model is based on conventional predictive controller development with a structure which is similar to rotor control and the direct torque control .It has double loops and both loops will use the prediction power. The inner loop controls the stator current based on Finite Control Set - Model Predictive Control (FCS-MPC) and the outer loop controls the speed to maximize the dynamic response of the loop. The MATLAB software has been used to implement the controller circuit. The obtained simulation results indicates that the presented control method has comparable performance to conventional controllers with some reduction in the overshoot and fast response interval.
A comprehensive review of machine learning-based models for fake news detection
Authors: Dheyaa Radhi Ahmed , Ali Hussein Al Naffakh Hussein , Fuqdan AL-Ibraheemi , A Hakim Baqer , Al-Attar Bourair
Published: April 2024

The internet's role in the spread of fake news has made it a serious problem that calls for sophisticated techniques for its automatic detection. To counter the quick spread of misleading material on social media sites, including Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, and WhatsApp, this study explores the domain of deep learning methods and various classification strategies. In particular, the study investigates the application of transformer-based models like BERT, recurrent neural networks (RNNs), and convolutional neural networks (CNNs) for the detection of false news. To provide context for the results, the examination covers a wide range of historical and contemporary trends in the spread of fake news. The study uses strict criteria, including precision, recall, and F1 score, to assess how effective the suggested models are. The created methodologies are validated for effectiveness by using benchmark datasets. This study emphasizes how urgent it is to address the growing problem of fake news, especially as it relates to its use in psychological warfare and clickbait to generate revenue. Through the clarification of the methods, duration, and standards of evaluation used, this research adds to the current conversation on dispelling false information in the digital era.
An evaluation framework for diabetes prediction techniques using machine learning
Authors: Ahmed Hashim Aya , Hameed Mousa Ayad
Published: April 2024

Diabetes affects a large segment of society and does not discriminate based on age. Children, young people, or the elderly may be affected by it. By detecting the disease early, clinicians can help patients recover or at least control it. Models based on machine learning algorithms have been proposed by researchers in the field of artificial intelligence to predict disease and determine its type. The purpose of this study was to propose a framework for evaluating studies related to diabetes detection and identification. To develop the proposed model, a systematic review of studies related to the topic was conducted. After proposing and evaluating the framework, 54 relevant studies were evaluated and results inspired by it were drawn.
The Orthogonal Time Frequency Space (OTFS) Technique In 6G Wireless Communications
Authors: Ramadhan Ali J. , TaeiZadeh Ali
Published: April 2024

The orthogonal time-frequency space (OTFS) technique is a potential waveform modulation method that modulates data in the delaydoppler (DD) domain. OTFS differs from traditional multiplexing techniques by utilizing two-dimensional modulation to switch between the time-frequency (TF) domain and the delay-Doppler domain. This allows for handling Doppler shifts caused by fast-moving objects, a capability lacking in traditional modulation techniques like orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM). The primary goal of this paper is to offer an overview and short survey of this new topic, highlighting its system model. We also examine key aspects of OTFS modulation such as data detection methods, channel estimation, MIMO, and multiuser systems.
Another kind of general integral transform called “emad-salam-elaf transform”
Authors: Abdulhussein Sehen Salam , Kuffi Emad A. , Sabah Abbas Elaf
Published: April 2024

This article introduces another type of integral transformation in its general format; this general transformation is proposed as a new general integral transformation called the “Emad-Salam-Elaf Transform.” This general integral transformation is elaborated, and its fundamental functions and theorems have been proven. The eligibility of the proposed general integral transform is proven by solving ordinary differential equations of the first and second-order nature.Another type of general integral transform has been studied and proven for some elementary functions, its applicability and ability to evaluate the exact solution have been proven by utilizing the transform to find the solution of first and second order ordinary differential equations.
Some theorems of minimizing makespan and range of lateness of flow shop machines
Authors: Nouri Adel Hashem , Mohammed Hussam Abid Ali , Al-Kadim Kareema Abed
Published: April 2024

One of the most challenging and widely debated issues in scheduling theory is the topic of multi-objective job scheduling. The multiobjective function problem including the makespan and the range of lateness of three machines in a flow shop was explored in this study in order to solve it. Some of the theories discussed in this work have to do with the computation of the precise best time and range of lateness. Two types of the three machines have been created, and the theories for each type have been studied. These theories seek to cut down on the amount of time it takes to complete tasks and the range of lateness.
A note on conjugate Bayesian estimators of random effects model
Authors: Mohaisen Ameera Jaber , AL-Mouel Abdul-Hussein Saber , Abdulsamad Saja Yaseen
Published: April 2024

The theoretical findings for the Bayes random effects model and the Bayes random effects model with linear constraints on the model coefficients are the contribution of this study. We take into account the random effect model, which includes both fixed and random effects in addition to the experimental error term. We sought to offer a detailed examination of some characteristics of the Bayes and restricted Bayes estimators of the model in addition to applying the Bayesian approach to draw conclusions about the model using a conjugate prior distribution.
Solving first order fuzzy partial differential equations using fuzzy Aboodh transform
Authors: Thaaban Abaas Alshibley Samer , Nouri Adel Hashem , Al-Fatlawi Ahmed
Published: April 2024

In this article, we extend the concept of the fuzzy Aboodh transform to the solution of fuzzy partial differential equations using Hukuhara differentiability. In order to create the solution to first-order fuzzy partial differential equations, we first provide the fuzzy Aboodh transform and then present the basic definitions and theorems for the fuzzy Aboodh transform of fuzzy partial derivatives. Finally, the method is illustrated with an example to show the ability of the proposed method.
IoT-Integrated Multi-Sensor Plant Monitoring and Automated Tank-Based Smart Home Gardening System
Authors: Ramadhan Ali J. , Arun Kumar Bhukya , Bala Indu , Mijwil Maad M. , Abotaleb Mostafa , Alkattan Hussein , Albadran Zainalabideen
Published: April 2024

Through the use of smart sensors to monitor and regulate plant conditions, smart home gardening management systems can maximize resource utilisation and minimize human intervention. This study offers a new system that remotely controls the water supply to ensure optimal plant growth without the need for personal presence. The system uses the Blynk IoT platform to monitor soil moisture and water levels. A Raspberry Pi is used in conjunction with several sensors, such as a soil moisture sensor and a DHT11 sensor for temperature and humidity readings. The technology activates a motor to provide water to the plants automatically when the soil moisture level falls below a certain threshold. Users can remotely monitor and manage the system from their cell phones thanks to integration with the Blynk platform. The suggested method is an affordable and effective way to garden in your home, and it’s simply customizable to fit the requirements of different users.
Hydrodynamic processes that occur in a solar air heater collector with a triangle channel
Authors: Abdukarimov Bekzod , Orzimatov Jahongir , Usmonov Mavlonbek , Mullayev Ikromjon , Raxmonkulova Sayramkhon , Qosimov Abbosjon , Sirojiddinov Doniyor
Published: April 2024

In this article focuses on the hydrodynamic processes that occur in the solar air heater collector with a bottomless triangular channel working at the expense of solar radiation. Factors that directly affect the heat exchange processes in the working Chamber of the solar air collector with an overhead triangular shape have been analyzed, including air flow in the channels, heating surface structures, acceleration of the heat exchange process and methods for calculating the main indicators such as pressure loss. The solar air heater is one of the main and widely used equipment that can convert solar energy into useful thermal energy. Solar air heaters are economically efficient due to their simple structural structure and can be widely used in household and industrial sectors. The main area of application of solar air heater collectors is heating, in addition to agricultural, fruits and vegetables, including various products, the drying of technological products can be widely used.
Investigation of solar air collectors with concave air duct
Authors: Abdukarimov Bekzod , Madraximov Mamadali , Maxsitaliyev Barhayot , Solijonov Muslimbek , Mirzrahimov Mirzoxid
Published: April 2024

In this article study attempts to study the thermal performance of solar air collectors with submersible air ducts and pipes. This study is conducting numerical analysis of the solar collector with pin wings and turbulators to study the effects on the Nusselt number. The paper begins with a numerical analysis of conventional air collectors and compares them with theoretical results. Reynolds numbers range from 2000 to 2500. Next, after the solar collector's performance is evaluated with the bath air with channels, the effects of turbulators of different heights on the Nusselt number are analyzed, followed by the combined effects of pin wings and turbulators. The results are comparable to conventional solar collectors, and suggest that the combined effects of pin wings and turbulators can significantly improve the thermal performance of solar air collectors. The results of this study may contribute to the development of renewable energy-based air conditioning, ventilation and heating systems.