bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Reconstruction of Three-Dimensional Object from Two-Dimensional Images by Utilizing Distance Regularized Level Algorithm and Mesh Object Generation
Authors: Hussei Samera Shams , Altyar Sukaina Sh , Tawfeeq Lubab Ahmed , Harba Eman S.
Published: September 2020

Three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction from images is a most beneficial method of object regeneration by using a photo-realistic way that can be used in many fields. For industrial fields, it can be used to visualize the cracks within alloys or walls. In medical fields, it has been used as 3D scanner to reconstruct some human organs such as internal nose for plastic surgery or to reconstruct ear canal for fabricating a hearing aid device, and others. These applications need high accuracy details and measurement that represent the main issue which should be taken in consideration, also the other issues are cost, movability, and ease of use which should be taken into consideration. This work has presented an approach for design and constructed a low-cost three-dimensional object scanner. We have proposed a 3D canal reconstruction system (ear or nose) based on using 2D images for reconstruction 3D object. A low-cost EndoScope with a proposed program based upon utilized the segmentation algorithm type “Distance Regularized Level” to segment active edges from images then generate mesh object in order to generate 3D structure for small canals or cracks. The results show good accuracy of the reconstructed object in both details and their measurements which are related to the success in the reconstruction of algorithm that yields good three-dimensional meshes object.
Heat Flow Data in an Area of the Eastern Southern Basin and Range in Arizona Contribute to an Analysis of Neogene Lithosphere Thinning Greater than 100 Km
Authors: Reiter Marshall
Published: September 2020

Heat flow data and thermochronologic derived paleotemperature gradient data are examined to calculate heat flow ~25 Ma and, at present, for a southern Basin and Range location north of Tucson, Arizona. An increase in the surface heat flow is estimated from ~25 Ma to the present; changing from ~47 to ~83 mW m-2. Steady-state conduction temperature vs. depth profiles provide estimates of lithosphere thicknesses both for the present and for ~25 Ma. Different heat transfer models for present heat flow predict present LAB depth that agrees with seismic studies. From these temperature profiles, lithosphere thinning from ~184 km to ~70 km is suggested during the Neogene. Mantle lithosphere thinning caused by thermal phenomena is likely a fundamental driving force for southern Basin and Range extension. Because the mantle lithosphere has likely thinned much more than the crust, it is shown that additional vertical advection, such as an asthenosphere plume, delaminating part of the mantle lithosphere, convection cells, and rising magmas along conduits, add to the vertical advection component of upper mantle lithosphere extension. Interestingly, values of heat flow 25 Ma, lithosphere thicknesses 25 Ma, and Neogene lithosphere thinning are somewhat similar for the Four Corners area of the Colorado Plateau and the southern Basin and Range, even though Neogene tectonic development was quite different, i.e., no Neogene extension in the Colorado Plateau vs. ~57% in the southern Basin and Range. Neogene lithosphere thinning phenomena are likely different in the two regions.
Hechos estilizados de los lineamientos del acuerdo de paz con las FARC en Colombia
Authors: Suárez Cadena Diego Felipe
Published: September 2020

El acuerdo final para la terminación del conflicto y la construcción de una paz estable y duradera no es distinto al firmado en otros procesos de paz del mundo. Entre 1975 y 2011 se han suscrito un total de 216 acuerdos de paz, cada uno de ellos con criterios de regulación en justicia, comportamiento, territorio, implementación y relaciones gubernamentales. El presente artículo busca analizar la relación existente entre el acuerdo logrado en Colombia y los llevados a cabo en otros lugares del mundo; además, busca establecer la probabilidad de persistencia del conflicto conforme fue estructurado el acuerdo en su versión de noviembre de 2016.
Economía y paz. Colombia en un escenario de posconflicto
Authors: Millán Celis María Fernanda , Jiménez Quitian Iván Felipe
Published: September 2020

La presente investigación desarrolla un análisis detallado de algunas variables macroeconómicas en un escenario de posconflicto, con la aplicación de estadística descriptiva, econometría y apoyo teórico. Tomando como referencia la encuesta del Fondo Monetario Internacional - World Economic Outlook Database, Abril 2016, se realiza un estudio con una muestra de 17 países que vivieron algún tipo de conflicto interno y que posteriormente decidieron implementar un proceso de paz. Con la elección de siete variables macroeconómicas consideradas relevantes para cualquier país, se revisa el comportamiento en tres rangos de tiempo: durante el conflicto interno, el momento de terminación del conflicto y el momento posterior a su terminación
Determinantes de la percepción de la economía
Authors: Díaz Quiroga Angelo David , Tinjacá Moncada Lina María
Published: September 2020

Este artículo es una aproximación a las variables que pueden alterar la evaluación de la economía para los ciudadanos. Por más paradójico que parezca, en Colombia, la gente no ve con los mismos ojos la situación económica comparado con lo que los datos muestran. Situaciones como el mantenimiento de la inflación, el crecimiento económico a pesar de síntomas de crisis, entre otros, no son suficientes para que la gente evalúe de buena manera la economía. Y en América Latina la situación no difiere mucho; desde México, se intenta explicar variables que podrían afectar desde la subjetividad la percepción objetiva de la economía, por lo que se reúne en este artículo un análisis no solo de la coyuntura nacional en cuanto a percepción, sino también desde la población de la Universidad EAN, con el fin de poder determinar en el caso colombiano qué puede justificar esta disparidad entre economía y percepción.
Las tiendas de barrio: una opción para enfrentar el desempleo
Authors: Benavides Amado Juanita , Flórez Molina Jesús David , Martínez González Yuliedt Marcela , Organista Rodríguez Karen Lizeth
Published: September 2020

La tasa de desempleo en Colombia ha aumentado en el último año y esto ha sido un factor crucial en la creación de nuevos negocios conocidos como tiendas de barrio, que son aquellos establecimientos en los cuales se comercializa una gran variedad de productos al menudeo.Las tiendas de barrio se han creado en respuesta a la falta de oportunidades en el mercado laboral y como una opción de generación de ingresos para la satisfacción de las necesidades de los tenderos y sus familias, sin embargo, esto no asegura la calidad de vida de los tenderos, por el contrario, de acuerdo con el estudio realizado, los tenderos podrían estar siendo esclavos de sus propios negocios, debido a su extenso horario laboral, sus inexistentes días de descanso y vacaciones anuales, y la informalidad que en muchos casos se refleja en la evasión del pago a obligaciones laborales como salud y que terminan siendo subsidiados por el Estado
La calidad de vida laboral de los tenderos
Authors: Correa Bernal Daniela , Martínez Castaño Fanor Andrés , Nieto Ramírez Mariana , Sarmiento Triviño German Steven
Published: September 2020

Los tenderos de Bogotá tienen, en su mayoría, estilos de vida que no les permite disfrutar de una calidad de vida estándar. Los horarios extendidos, no tomar vacaciones, trabajar y vivir en el mismo lugar, la no escolaridad, la mezcla de las finanzas del negocio con las finanzas personales, entre otros factores, son los hechos que no permiten a los tenderos disfrutar de espacios de esparcimiento, compartir con sus familias ni superarse profesionalmente. Es por esto que en el marco del plan de la Secretaría de Desarrollo Económico de Bogotá que pretende capacitar a los tenderos de las localidades más vulnerables de la ciudad, se realizó una encuesta cuyos resultados se analizaran en este trabajo.

Dentro de los resultados de este estudio se encontró que el tiempo demandado por la labor del tendero es el factor que más influye en que no pueda tener un nivel de calidad de vida estándar. Esto sumado al hecho de que la mayoría de ellos trabajan en el mismo lugar en el que residen y abren la tienda todos los días, lo cual no permite la existencia de otros espacios de esparcimiento o de realización de otro tipo de actividades.
Infringement Battles: A Case Study Illustrates The Need for Reforms
Authors: Parker Kevin J.
Published: September 2020

We present a case of a university invention and the long, costly legal process that was required to challenge prominent infringing products. This history highlights a number of areas where reforms are urgently needed so that small entities can defend their intellectual property with
realistic budgets, timelines, and solid facts—and without baseless recriminations. A call for coordinated action is made to restore the ability of the National Academy of Inventors members and other inventors and small entities to access the law in defense of issued patents.
DEVELOPMENT OF A MATHEMATICAL MODEL OF THE FUNCTIONING OF MULTI-ANTENNA RADIO COMMUNICATIONS WITH SPECTRALLY EFFECTIVE SIGNALS UNDER THE INFLUENCE OF DESTABILIZING FACTORS
Authors: Ostapchuk Viktor , Sova Oleg , Shyshatskyi Andrii , Harashchuk Olexander
Published: September 2020

The necessity of developing a mathematical model for the functioning of multi-antenna radio communication facilities with spectrally effective signals under the influence of destabilizing factors has been substantiated. The results of the study of the influence of destabilizing factors on the multi-antenna systems with spectrally effective signals are presented. New analytical dependences have been obtained, which make it possible to calculate the effect of destabilizing factors on the efficiency of multi-antenna system with spectrally effective signals.

Object of research: development of a mathematical model of the functioning of multi-antenna radio communication facilities with spectrally effective signals under the influence of destabilizing factors.

Investigated problem: taking into account additional destabilizing factors on the multi-antenna of a radio communication facility with spectrally effective signals.

Main scientific results: when transmitting information in multi-antenna radio communication systems with spectrally effective signals, the following are taken into account: Type of parameters of deliberate interference, type and parameters of deliberate fading, type and parameters of security code structures, phase jitter, slope of the constellation matrix, Intersymbol interference, high mobility of objects (transmitter and receiver), the number of receiving and transmitting antennas, the number of subcarriers in the antenna channel. It has been established that taking into account all the parameters in the system makes it possible to assess the state of the channel, to develop measures to reduce the negative influence of destabilizing factors on the noise immunity of multi-antenna systems.

A review of the practical use of research results: radio communication facilities with programmable architecture.

Innovative technologies product: technology for substantiating the architecture of transceivers, software for programmable radio equipment, which can increase the noise immunity of radio communications, taking into account additional destabilizing factors and software for radio monitoring equipment.

Overview of an innovative technological product: programmable radios, software for radio communications.
Spectral filtering of photovoltaic cells using novel bio-filter: silver-coated Ixora extract using water as a solution
Authors: Emetere Moses E. , Nehemiah Adeyemo
Published: September 2020

Over the years, it has been noticed that there is a rising interest in spectral filtering to increase the overall efficiency or output of photovoltaic solar systems. Meanwhile methods for comparing the performance of spectral filtering and the effects of optical spectral filter design on system performance are not well developed. This research emphasizes on two areas, that is, to screen plant extract to serve as a coating to elongate the life span or improve the efficiency of solar cells, to test for the different spectral incident on solar cells and to apply silver-coated plant extract to filter spectral hitting the PV cells. The parameters (voltage, current, and radiation) obtained during the experiment indicate the benefit of using plant extract to coat the PV cells’ surface. Data are obtained to assess the performance of experimental spectral filters in different spectral filtering configurations. The result shows that the efficiency of the PV cell increased by 8%. This research has shown that these spectra filtering method is viable. Hence, it is recommended that solar companies concentrate on the protective layer to improve solar cell efficiency.
Independence of corporate governance and its relation to financial performance
Authors: Freire Cesar , Carrera Felix , Auquilla Paola , Hurtado Gabriela
Published: September 2020

Most studies in the area of corporate governance measure certain characteristics and the effects on financial performance; however, other authors only focus on profitability and do not analyze financial performance in all its dimensions; this is relevant because in some situations the government corporate governance can influence performance measured by liquidity, solvency or activity. The aim of the study is to relate the independence of corporate governance and the financial performance of non-listed companies using econometric techniques. This process was carried out by collecting primary information for the independent variable and secondary data for the dependent variable; the independence of corporate governance was measured by applying a confirmatory factor analysis to data collected through a survey, while the financial performance was measured through average Z factors created for liquidity, solvency, profitability and activity indicators. As a result, it was found that the independence of corporate governance influenced financial performance, but this relationship was statistically significant only with solvency and activity variables. As a result, it can be seen that there is a direct relationship between corporate governance independence and financial performance, in such a way that if the perception of board independence increases, financial performance can increase positively.
Acknowledgments An acknowledgment to department SINDE from University Catholique Santiago of Guayaquil, who helped with the necessary resources to conduct this research.
Approaches for the evaluation of future-oriented technologies and concepts in the field of water reuse and desalination
Authors: Wencki Kristina , Thöne Verena , Ante Angela , Hogen Tobias , Hohmann Claudia , Tettenborn Felix , Pohl Dagmar , Preiss Philipp , Jungfer Christina
Published: September 2020

Against the background of drastically rising global water demand and increasing pollution and overexploitation of regional water resources, the demand-driven water supply of households and industry is of central importance. Water reuse and desalination are seen as key technologies to overcome potential regional and local water shortage. In the joint projects funded by the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF) ‘Future-oriented Technologies and Concepts to Increase Water Availability by Water Reuse and Desalination (WavE)’, evaluation approaches for analysing innovative technologies and concepts are being developed and assessed. All evaluation methods and criteria used were selected based on the decision situation at hand and the decision-makers preferences. Based on the analysis of six multi-criteria evaluation concepts used in selected WavE projects, this paper presents a general approach for comparative multi-criteria evaluation of water reuse systems consisting of prerequisites, minimum requirements, evaluation criteria (qualitative, semi-quantitative or quantitative) and a final aggregation of results. Exemplary sets of criteria for the application in a more industrial, municipal and/or international context are presented as an aid for the application of holistic evaluation approaches for (process) concept and technology selection in the context of water reuse and desalination.
Creation of Retinal Vein Occlusion Model in Cynomolgus Monkeys and Determination of its Pathological Features
Authors: Inagaki Satoshi , Shimazawa Masamitsu , Otsu Wataru , Araki Tomoaki , Numata Yosuke , Nakamura Shinsuke , Tsusaki Hideshi , Hara Hideaki
Published: September 2020

Objective:

A retinal vein occlusion (RVO) is a relatively common retinal vascular disorder,
especially in the elderly. Many experiments have been performed on patients with an RVO but
performing any type of experiments and especially longitudinal experiments on humans is difficult,
if not impossible, on ethical grounds. Therefore, we have created a retinal vein occlusion (RVO)
model by laser irradiation of cynomolgus monkeys after intravenous injection of rose bengal. We
evaluated the pathological changes of the retina, and the effects of ranibizumab, an anti-vascular endothelial
growth factor (VEGF) antibody, on the characteristics of the RVO.

Methods:

The integrity of the vascular system was evaluated by fluorescein angiography (FA), and
the retinal thickness and volume were determined by optical coherence tomography (OCT). The cytokines
and growth factors in the aqueous humour were identified by multiplex profiling.

Results:

Our results showed that ranibizumab decreased the degree of vascular leakage and retinal
edema at 1-3 days (acute phase) and 3-7 days (subacute phase), and suppressed foveal thinning at
28-42 days (chronic phase) after the laser irradiation. Ranibizumab also decreased the area of the
foveal avascular zone, and the area was negatively and significantly correlated with the thickness
of the ganglion cell layer (GCL) complex. Furthermore, ranibizumab reduced the increased expression
of VEGF in the aqueous humor, but did not affect the expressions of interleukin-6 (IL-6),
monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1), angiopoietin-1 (ANG-1), or angiopoietin-2 (ANG-2).
These findings suggest that ranibizumab attenuates the retinal edema and subsequent retinal atrophy
in part by neutralizing VEGF. However, other cytokines and growth factors were also affected
by the ranibizumab, which suggests that not only VEGF but also other unidentified agents might
play a role in the pathogenesis of the RVO.

Conclusion:

We have created a non-human primate RVO model, which resembles the clinical
RVO pathology. In this model, an injection of ranibizumab leads to a reduction in vascular leakage
and the retinal thickness and volume by blocking the expression of VEGF. Our model might be useful
for investigating the pathological mechanisms of RVOs and explore new therapeutic agents for
RVO.
Adenosine Receptor Modulation of Hypoxic-ischemic Injury in Striatum of Newborn Piglets
Authors: Ortega-Gutierrez Santiago , Jones Brandy , Mendez-Ruiz Alan , Shah Pankhil , Torbey Michel T.
Published: September 2020

Background:

Hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) is a major cause of pediatric and
adult mortality and morbidity. Unfortunately, to date, no effective treatment has been identified. In
the striatum, neuronal injury is analogous to the cellular mechanism of necrosis observed during NMethyl-
D-Aspartate (NMDA) excitotoxicity. Adenosine acts as a neuromodulator in the central nervous
system, the role of which relies mostly on controlling excitatory glutamatergic synapses.

Objective:

To examine the effect of pretreatment of SCH58261, an adenosine 2A (A2A) receptor
antagonist and modulator of NMDA receptor function, following hypoxic-ischemia (HI) on sodium-
potassium ATPase (Na+, K+-ATPase) activity and oxidative stress.

Methods:

Piglets (4-7 days old) were subjected to 30 min hypoxia and 7 min of airway occlusion
producing asphyxic cardiac arrest. Groups were divided into four categories: HI samples were divided
into HI-vehicle group (n = 5) and HI-A2A group (n = 5). Sham controls were divided into
Sham vehicle (n = 5) and Sham A2A (n = 5) groups. Vehicle groups were pretreated with 0.9% saline,
whereas A2A animals were pretreated with SCH58261 10 min prior to intervention. Striatum
samples were collected 3 h post-arrest. Sodium-potassium ATPase (Na+, K+-ATPase) activity,
malondialdehyde (MDA) + 4-hydroxyalkenals (4-HDA) and glutathione (GSH) levels were compared.

Results:

Pretreatment with SCH58261 significantly attenuated the decrease in Na+, K+-ATPase, decreased
MDA+4-HDA levels and increased GSH in the HI-A2A group when compared to HIvehicle.

Conclusion:

A2A receptor activation may contribute to neuronal injury in newborn striatum after
HI in association with decreased Na+, K+-ATPase activity and increased oxidative stress.
Targeting Ionotropic Glutamate Receptors in the Treatment of Epilepsy
Authors: Celli Roberta , Fornai Francesco
Published: September 2020

Background:

A dysfunction in glutamate neurotransmission is critical for seizure. Glutamate
is the major excitatory drive in the cerebral cortex, where seizures occur. Glutamate acts via
(i) ionotropic (iGlu) receptors, which are ligand-gated ion channels mediating fast excitatory synaptic
transmission; and (ii) G proteins coupled metabotropic (mGlu) receptors.

Objective:

To overview the evidence on the role of iGlu receptors in the onset, duration, and severity
of convulsive and non-convulsive seizures to lay the groundwork for novel strategies for drug-resistant
epilepsy.

Methods:

We used PubMed crossed-search for “glutamate receptor and epilepsy” (sorting 3,170 reports), searched for “ionotropic glutamate receptors”, “AMPA receptors”, “NMDA receptors”, “kainate receptors”, “convulsive seizures”, “absence
epilepsy”, and selected those papers focusing this Review’s scope.

Results:

iGlu receptor antagonists inhibit, whereas agonists worsen experimental seizures in various
animal species. Clinical development of iGlu receptor antagonists has been limited by the occurrence
of adverse effects caused by inhibition of fast excitatory synaptic transmission. To date,
only one drug (perampanel) selectively targeting iGlu receptors is marketed for the treatment of focal
epilepsy. However, other drugs, such as topiramate and felbamate, inhibit iGlu receptors in addition
to other mechanisms.

Conclusion:

This review is expected to help dissecting those steps induced by iGlu receptors activation, which may be altered to provide antiepileptic efficacy without altering key physiological brain functions, thus improving safety and tolerability of iGlu-receptor directed antiepileptic agents. This effort mostly applies to drug resistant seizures, which impact the
quality of life and often lead to status epilepticus, which is a medical urgency.
Dynamics of Farm Power Sources and their Availability in Bihar
Authors: SUNDARAM PREM K. , SARKAR BIKAS , JEET PAWAN , PATEL SANJAY KUMAR , ANURAG ANUKUL P , UPADHYAYA A. , BHATT BP
Published: September 2020

The production levels of agriculture have remained low in eastern region of India mainly due to lack of location-specific production technologies, natural calamities like floods, water logging, drought, inadequate timely supply of critical inputs and social constraints. Bihar is one of the important agrarian states of Eastern India. The crop yields are low and almost stagnating in Bihar compared to the north-western and other parts of the country. To improve the productivity in this region mechanization of farms is of critical importance. The farm power availability in Bihar in 2017 is 2.80 kW/ha and is more than the national average of 2.03 kW/ha. Still there are 14 districts in Bihar which is below national average. The number of marginal farmers has increased from 84.18 to 91.21 during 2014-17, an increase of 7.03 percent. Increase in Small and fragmented land will further hindrance the farm mechanization process. The present study was conducted to understand dynamics of farm power availability in Bihar, so as to take substantial measures for improved mechanization and in turn crop productivity in the region.
The accused's right to the confidentiality of correspondence circulating between him and his agent
Authors: Aziz Sardar Ali
Published: September 2020

بما أن الأصل في المتهم براءته لحين ثبوت إدانته بأدلة قانونية سليمة ، وهذا المبدأ يتطلب  أن يتم ضمانة  الحقوق الأساسية للمتهم أثناء سير الدعوى الجزائية وعدم التقيد منها إلا في أضيق الحدود  .
ومن أهم الحقوق التی حرص المواثیق الدولیة ودساتیر الدول على  ضرورة کفالتها للمتهم عبارة عن حق الدفاع  والتی من أبرز مظاهرها عبارة عن الإستعانة بمحام و لا يجدي هذا الحق نفعاً للمتهم إن لم تكن المراسلات والإتصالات المتبادلة بينه وبين وكيله محاطة بالسرية ، لذلك  أن حصانة هذه المراسلات  ترجع الى حق المتهم في الدفاع عن نفسه بكامل الحرية ولذلك  لا يجوز  ضبط المراسلات  المتبادلة بین المتهم ووکیله  او صورها اينما وجدت لإستخدامها ضد المتهم  .
رغم أن هذا الحق أي سرية المراسلات المتداولة بين المتهم ووكيله يضمن  الإستفادة من حق الإستعانة بمحام بالصورة التي أرادها المشرع ، إلا أنه لم يرد الإشارة الى هذا الحق للمتهم في قانون أصول المحاكمات الجزائية والذي رسم إجراءات التحقيق والمحاكمة وضمانات المتهم فيها ، ولذلك إقترحنا بإضافة نص الى قانون أصول المحاكمات الجزائية يشير وبشکل صریح على أن تحاط المراسلات المتبادلة بين المتهم ووكيله بالسرية وعدم جواز ضبطها  لإعتمادها لإدانة المتهم .
Deteksi Karakteristik Peluruhan Radionuklida Medis 99Mo Untuk Memperoleh 99mTc Menggunakan Spektrometer Gamma dengan Sumber Standar Cair Campuran 133Ba dan 152Eu
Authors: Mawar Mawar - , Astuti Sri Dewi , Febriana Siska
Published: September 2020

Technetium-99m (99mTc) is a subsidiary of metastable 99Mo with a half-life of 6 hours. The relatively short half-life, causing 99mTc widely used for diagnostic purposes in nuclear medicine, especially in bone scanning for a faster decay. This research aims to determine the optimal time to product formation of 99mTc until elution profiles have detected 99Mo energy. The instrument used is the 99Mo/99mTc generator with standard sources 133Ba and 152Eu liquid mixture. The results obtained showed that 99mTc radioisotope production is still good until the third day elution 99Mo, whereas in the fourth to ninth day 99Mo energy detected on the decline, so that the activity of the 99mTc resulting product cannot be used for diagnosis.
Gambaran Bentuk Relasi Profesional Antara Dokter Gigi dengan Laboratorium Gigi di Surabaya (Pada Pembuatan Gigi Tiruan Lepasan)
Authors: Setyowati Okti , Ratwita Dwiyanti Feriana , Kusdarjanti Endang , Sujati Sujati , Nurliina Nurin
Published: September 2020

Latar belakang: Pemeriksaan klinis pada pasien dilakukan oleh dokter gigi, selanjutnya apabila diperlukan pembuatan suatu restorasi maka dokter gigi akan mengirimkan restorasi tersebut ke laboratorium gigi. Untuk dapat menghasilkan suatu gigi tiruan lepasan yang baik diperlukan relasi profesional yang baik antara dokter gigi dan laboratorium gigi.Tujuan: Untuk mengetahui gambaran bentuk relasi profesional antara dokter gigi dan laboratorium gigi dalam pembuatan gigi tiruan di Surabaya.Metode: Penelitian kuantitatif dengan metode penelitian deskriptif. Populasinya adalah seluruh laboratorium gigi yang ada disekitar kampus FKG UNAIR Surabaya. Sampelnya adalah seluruh populasi yang bersedia untuk menjadi responden. Pengambilan sampel secara total sampling. Metode pengambilan data dengan memberikan kuesioner kepada 13 laboratorium gigi di Surabaya dan mengisi check list.Hasil: Dari data yang didapatkan menunjukkan komunikasi yang baik antara dokter gigi dan laboratorium gigi mengenai hal-hal berikut: desain gigi tiruan, perincian order, pekerjaan teknisi gigi, posisi laboratorium gigi, komunikasi dengan dokter gigi lama maupun yang baru lulus, sikap dan teknik prosedur laboratorium gigi.Kesimpulan: Relasi profesional antara dokter gigi dan laboratorium gigi di Surabaya dalam keberhasilan pembuatan gigi tiruan lepasan sudah cukup memadai.
Determinan Sosial Perilaku Merokok Pelajar di Indonesia: Analisis Data Global Youth Tobacco Survey Tahun 2014
Authors: Jamal Hudriani , Abdullah Andi Zulkifili , Abdullah Muh Tahir
Published: September 2020

Latar belakang: Merokok merupakan penyebab kematian utama di dunia yang dapat dicegah. Sebagian besar perokok mulai merokok saat remaja. Studi ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara faktor sosial dengan perilaku merokok pelajar di Indonesia.Tujuan: Studi ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara faktor sosial dengan perilaku merokok pelajar di Indonesia.Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan analisis data sekunder Global Youth Tobacco Survey (GYTS) di Indonesia Tahun 2014. Sampel penelitian adalah seluruh pelajar kelas 7-9 di Indonesia yang berpartisipasi dalam GYTS 2014 dan memiliki data lengkap yakni 5093 orang. Analisis uji statistik regresi logistik digunakan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara faktor sosial dengan perilaku merokok.Hasil: Angka pelajar yang merokok adalah 14,7%. Penerapan kawasan tanpa rokok (OR=5,395, 95%CI: 3,072-9,477), status merokok orang tua (OR=1,561, 95%CI: 1,287-1,892), memiliki teman yang merokok (OR=11,662, 95%CI: 7,243-18,777) dan memiliki guru yang merokok (OR=1,557, 95%CI: 1,295-1,873) signifikan berhubungan dengan perilaku merokok pelajar. Namun, perilaku merokok tidak berhubungan dengan edukasi bahaya merokok (OR=0,987,  95%CI: 0,0,696-1,374).Kesimpulan: Terdapat prevalensi merokok yang tinggi pada pelajar. Penerapan kawasan tanpa rokok secara komprehensif dan pelajar yang memiliki teman yang merokok harus menjadi target utama pencegahan dan pengendalian perilaku merokok pelajar di Indonesia.
UAV Control Based on Dual LQR and Fuzzy-PID Controller
Authors: A. Al-Isawi Malik M. , Attiya Adnan J. , ADOGHE Julius O.
Published: September 2020

This paper presents the design of a longitudinal controller for an autonomous unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV). This paper proposed the dual loop (inner-outer loop) control based on the intelligent algorithm. The inner feedback loop controller is a Linear Quadratic Regulator (LQR) to provide robust (adaptive) stability. In contrast, the outer loop controller is based on Fuzzy-PID (Proportional, Integral, and Derivative) algorithm to provide reference signal tracking. The proposed dual controller is to control the position (altitude) and velocity (airspeed) of an aircraft. An adaptive Unscented Kalman Filter (AUKF) is employed to track the reference signal and is decreased the Gaussian noise. The mathematical model of aircraft has been (Cessna 172) presented. The stability and robustness of the system have been verified in a simulation experiment.
El sendero que marca el destino
Authors: Fortoul van der Goes Teresa I.
Published: September 2020

Donna Summer was in the places that allowed her reaching the goals she had set for herself: her debut as a singer in her church choir at the age of 10 where she replaced the vocalist who didn't show up; the role for which she auditioned and that led her to success in Europe and later to her death, as fate took her back to the United States, particularly when established her residence in New York City at the time of the fateful 9/11, an event that probably influenced the cause of her death: an aggressive lung cancer.
Factores psicosociales asociados al consumo de sustancias psicoactivas en adolescentes de Pereira, Colombia
Authors: Álvarez–López Ángela María , Carmona-Valencia Natalia Jeaneth , Pérez-Rendón Ángela Liceth , Jaramillo-Roa Adriana
Published: September 2020

Introducción: El consumo de sustancias psicoactivas es un problema de salud pública con alta prevalencia en los adolescentes, situación que influye en el desarrollo individual y social en la adultez. Objetivo: Determinar los factores psicosociales relacionados al consumo de sustancias psicoactivas en adolescentes escolarizados de básica secundaria y educación media de una Institución Educativa pública del área urbana de Pereira. Materiales y métodos: Estudio descriptivo correlacional con 235 estudiantes de un colegio público, entre 10 y 19 años de edad, quienes completaron una encuesta anónima que indagaba la prevalencia y los factores psicosociales asociados al consumo. Resultados: Se encontró que la adecuada supervisión de los padres es un factor protector frente al consumo de sustancias psicoactivas (p<0,05) (OR<1), los escolares tienen 6,5 veces más posibilidades de consumir cuando se relacionan con amigos que consumen (OR=6,555. IC 95% (3,147- 13,653)), los que tienen familiares que consumen, tienen 2,2 veces más posibilidades de consumir estas sustancias (OR=2,231, IC 95% (1,292- 3,852)). Conclusiones: El consumo de sustancias psicoactivas muestra una elevada prevalencia en los escolares encuestados y los principales factores relacionados son cursar grados superiores y tener familiares o amigos que consumen sustancias psicoactivas.
Síndrome de Burnout en docentes de Latinoamérica: Una revisión sistemática
Authors: Tabares-Díaz Yuranny Alejandra , Martínez-Daza Viviana Alexandra , Matabanchoy-Tulcán Sonia Maritza
Published: September 2020

Introducción: El Síndrome de Burnout (SB) se entiende como un fenómeno que incluye cansancio emocional, despersonalización y reducida realización personal, generando consecuencias multivariadas a nivel físico, psicológico, social y laboral. Objetivo: Identificar la producción bibliográfica en Latinoamérica sobre el SB en docentes en el período comprendido entre los años 2008 a 2018. Materiales y métodos: Revisión sistemática de literatura basada en las directrices PRISMA-P. Se realizó un rastreo bibliográfico de publicaciones en las bases de datos Web of Science, Scopus, Directory of Open Access Journals y EBSCOhost, utilizando las palabras clave: Burnout AND docentes y sus expresiones equivalentes en inglés. Resultados: Se seleccionaron un total de 53 artículos, evidenciando una mayor proporción de publicaciones en Brasil, en los años 2017, 2014 y 2018, en muestras mayoritariamente de docentes de instituciones de educación básica, con predominio de estudios cuantitativos centrados en el análisis de variables relacionadas al SB. Conclusiones: Las investigaciones sobre SB se focalizan sólo en algunos países latinoamericanos, con alcances paradigmáticos y metodológicos específicos, señalando la necesidad de realizar estudios primarios sobre dicho fenómeno.
Enjuagues bucales con carbohidratos y su efecto en el rendimiento de carreras contrarreloj: Revisión sistemática
Authors: Fuentes-Barría Héctor , Aguilera-Eguía Raúl , González-Wong Catalina , Flores-Fernández Cherie , Herrera-Serna Brenda , Valenzuela-Pérez Diego , Urbano-Cerda Sebastián
Published: September 2020

Introducción: Actualmente, los efectos del enjuague bucal con carbohidratos sobre el rendimiento son controvertidos, algunos estudios plantean efectos ergogénicos, mientras que otros no han reportado efecto luego de suministrar enjuague bucal con carbohidratos. Objetivo: Determinar si existe evidencia científica que avale los distintos protocolos de enjuagues bucales con carbohidratos y su efecto sobre el rendimiento deportivo en carreras de ciclismo contrarreloj. Materiales y métodos: se realizó una búsqueda bibliográfica entre el 2015 y 2019 en las bases de datos Medline, Biblioteca Cochrane y Scopus utilizando los términos “Carbohydrates”, “Mouth rinse” y “Athletic performance”. Resultados: Se revisaron 96 estudios y se seleccionaron 7 en diversos grupos poblacionales, con diferentes métodos de evaluación y diversas dosis de enjuague con carbohidratos. Los resultados obtenidos fueron controversiales, en algunos casos se demostró efecto ergogénico y en otros no. Conclusiones: Los efectos de los enjuagues bucales con carbohidratos son controvertidos, por lo que no se puede asegurar que provoquen mejoras de rendimiento en carreras de ciclismo contrarreloj. Se requiere de más estudios aleatorizados controlados que logren homogeneizar e identificar los mecanismos de acción específicos mediante el cual los enjuagues bucales con carbohidratos actúan sobre distintas poblaciones de estudio.
Resolution of Deep Disagreement: Not Simply Consensus
Authors: Henderson Leah
Published: September 2020

Robert Fogelin has argued that in deep disagreements, resolution cannot be achieved by rational argumentation. In response, Richard Feldman has claimed that deep disagreements can be resolved in a similar way to more everyday disagreements. I argue that Feldman’s claim is based on a relatively superficial notion of “resolution” of a disagreement whereas the notion at stake in Fogelin’s argument is more substantive. Furthermore, I argue that Feldman’s reply is based on a particular reading of Fogelin’s argument. There is an alternative reading, which takes the central concern to be the role of common ground in argumentation. Engaging with this version of Fogelin’s argument is also a worthwhile endeavour.
An Unlikely Source of (Absurd and Effective) Case Studies for Introductory Informal Logic
Authors: Lemanek Kamil
Published: September 2020

This short work presents a popular fringe theory as a source of case studies for use in teaching informal logic in an introductory course. It puts forward ancient astronaut theory as the candidate source, together with a characterization of why it fits the bill. The televised material associated with that theory is well suited to being used as case studies given that they are easy to follow, contain a surprising number of arguments and fallacies, and keep students reliably engaged. The paper includes an overview of the forms of argumentation and fallacies that these cases may be used to teach, along with a sketch of how to best implement them in the classroom.
Potensi Ekstrak Etanol 96% Daun Salam (Syzigium polyanthum Wight. (Walp.)) terhadap Ekspresi p53 pada Sel Kanker HeLa Cell Lines
Authors: Hidayati Wahyu , Sjahid Landyyun Rahmawan , Ismalasari Wahyu , Kusmardi Kusmardi
Published: September 2020

Bay leaves (Syzigium polyanthum Wight. (Walp.) have been utilized as one of traditional medicines in Indonesian. However, the potency of the leaves for cancer treatment has not been well-explored. The aim of this study is to determine the expression of p53 tumor suppressor gene after administration of 96% ethanol extract of Bay leaves on HeLa cell lines. This study is begin by making extract using ethanol 96% as a solvent followed by phytochemical screening and extract evaluation of HeLa cells by immunohistochemistry. The observation of p53 protein expression is conducted using the Image J Profiler Plugin software 1.52a version. The H-score data is processed using the One-Way ANNOVA IBM SPSS 20 version program and continued with Post Hoc analysis using the Duncan test. The identification of 96% ethanol extract result showed that bay leaves contain flavonoids, alkaloids, saponins, phenols, terpenoids, and steroids. Based on the Post Hoc test results, the administration of 96% ethanol extract bay leaves with three dose variations (156 µg/ml, 234 µg/ml, 312 µg/ml) and negative control had significant differences, while the high dose (312 µg/ml) had not significant differences to positive control. The result showed that 96% ethanol extract of bay leaves by the dose of 312 ug/ml can inhibit the expression of mutant p53 protein in cervical cancer cells HeLa cell lines.
Assessing the Benefit of Student Self-Generated Multiple-Choice Questions on Examination Performance
Authors: Geiger Marshall A. , Middleton Mary M. , Tahseen Maryam
Published: September 2020

Prior non-accounting research has generally concluded that students obtain performance benefits from self-generating multiple choice questions (MCQs). We examine accounting students completing an extra-credit assignment to self-generate MCQs and its association with examination performance gains. Using students from a large public and small/medium-sized private university, across multiple courses and semesters, we find that students completing the assignment did not outperform students in the same courses, with the same instructors, not offered the assignment. We find that these results hold across students of all initial performance quartiles. Our results suggest that prior educational research may overestimate the benefits of MCQ self-generation by not performing appropriate control group comparisons. We provide evidence that voluntary self-generation of MCQs may be a way to identify students seeking to improve their course performance, but in and of itself it may not be an effective method to improve student performance on MCQ examinations.

Data Availability: Data are available upon request, after the completion of a related study.

JEL Classifications: M49.
Honesty in Personal Tax Reporting: Ethical Prompts, Individual Factors, and Tax Reform
Authors: Bailey Charles D. , Plečnik James M.
Published: September 2020

This study focuses on whether an ethical prompt, adapted from Mazar et al. (2008), can reduce easily concealed tax evasion—i.e., tax evasion relating to cash-based income for which the IRS relies on voluntary compliance. We also consider the “Dark Triad” personality traits and other individual attitudes and characteristics that may drive or predict tax evasion intentions. We unexpectedly find that ethical prompts do not affect intent to engage in tax evasion, but our result is consistent with a newly released large-scale replication project that fails to find an effect for this much-discussed religious/ethical prompt, and the power of our test is about 80 percent. Of the variables studied, only psychopathy, commitment to the process of taxation, and fear of punishment predict intent to evade. These findings are consistent across two samples, taken both before and after the passage of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017.

Data Availability: The data for this study are available upon request from the authors.
Replacement of Red and Processed Meat With Other Food Sources of Protein and the Risk of Type 2 Diabetes in European Populations: The EPIC-InterAct Study
Authors: Ibsen Daniel B. , Steur Marinka , Imamura Fumiaki , Overvad Kim , Schulze Matthias B. , Bendinelli Benedetta , Guevara Marcela , Agudo Antonio , Amiano Pilar , Aune Dagfinn , Barricarte Aurelio , Ericson Ulrika , Fagherazzi Guy , Franks Paul W. , Freisling Heinz , Quiros Jose R. , Grioni Sara , Heath Alicia K. , Huybrechts Inge , Katze Verena , Laouali Nasser , Mancini Francesca , Masala Giovanna , Olsen Anja , Papier Keren , Ramne Stina , Rolandsson Olov , Sacerdote Carlotta , Sánchez Maria-José , Santiuste Carmen , Simeon Vittorio , Spijkerman Annemieke M.W. , Srour Bernard , Tjønneland Anne , Tong Tammy Y.N. , Tumino Rosario , van der Schouw Yvonne T. , Weiderpass Elisabete , Wittenbecher Clemens , Sharp Stephen J. , Riboli Elio , Forouhi Nita G. , Wareham Nick J.
Published: September 2020

OBJECTIVE

There is sparse evidence for the association of suitable food substitutions for red and processed meat on the risk of type 2 diabetes. We modeled the association between replacing red and processed meat with other protein sources and the risk of type 2 diabetes and estimated its population impact.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

The European Prospective Investigation into Cancer (EPIC)-InterAct case cohort included 11,741 individuals with type 2 diabetes and a subcohort of 15,450 participants in eight countries. We modeled the replacement of self-reported red and processed meat with poultry, fish, eggs, legumes, cheese, cereals, yogurt, milk, and nuts. Country-specific hazard ratios (HRs) for incident type 2 diabetes were estimated by Prentice-weighted Cox regression and pooled using random-effects meta-analysis.

RESULTS

There was a lower hazard for type 2 diabetes for the modeled replacement of red and processed meat (50 g/day) with cheese (HR 0.90, 95% CI 0.83–0.97) (30 g/day), yogurt (0.90, 0.86–0.95) (70 g/day), nuts (0.90, 0.84–0.96) (10 g/day), or cereals (0.92, 0.88–0.96) (30 g/day) but not for replacements with poultry, fish, eggs, legumes, or milk. If a causal association is assumed, replacing red and processed meat with cheese, yogurt, or nuts could prevent 8.8%, 8.3%, or 7.5%, respectively, of new cases of type 2 diabetes.

CONCLUSIONS

Replacement of red and processed meat with cheese, yogurt, nuts, or cereals was associated with a lower rate of type 2 diabetes. Substituting red and processed meat by other protein sources may contribute to the prevention of incident type 2 diabetes in European populations.
White Rice Intake and Incident Diabetes: A Study of 132,373 Participants in 21 Countries
Authors: Bhavadharini Balaji , Mohan Viswanathan , Dehghan Mahshid , Rangarajan Sumathy , Swaminathan Sumathi , Rosengren Annika , Wielgosz Andreas , Avezum Alvaro , Lopez-Jaramillo Patricio , Lanas Fernando , Dans Antonio L , Yeates Karen , Poirier Paul , Chifamba Jephat , Alhabib Khalid F , Mohammadifard Noushin , Zatońska Katarzyna , Khatib Rasha , Keskinler Mirac Vural , Wei Li , Wang Chuangshi , Liu Xiaoyun , Iqbal Romaina , Yusuf Rita , Wentzel-Viljoen Edelweiss , Yusufali Afzal Hussein , Diaz Rafael , Keat NG Kien , Lakshmi PVM , Ismail Noorhassim , Gupta Rajeev , Palileo-Villanueva Lia M , Sheridan Patrick , Mente Andrew , Yusuf Salim
Published: September 2020

Objective:
Previous
prospective studies on association of white rice intake with incident diabetes
have shown contradictory results but were conducted in single countries and
predominantly in Asia. We report on the
association of white rice with risk of diabetes in the multinational
Prospective Urban Rural Epidemiology (PURE) study.

Research
design and methods: Data on
132,373 individuals aged 35-70 years, from 21 countries. were analysed. White rice
consumption (cooked) was categorised as <150, ≥150 to <300, ≥300 to
<450 and ≥450 grams/day, based on 1 cup of cooked rice = 150 grams. The
primary outcome was incident diabetes. Hazards ratios were calculated using
multivariable Cox frailty model.

Results: During
a mean follow up period of 9.5 years, 6,129 individuals without baseline
diabetes developed incident diabetes. In the overall cohort,
higher intake of white rice (≥450g/d compared with <150g/d) was
associated with increased risk of diabetes (HR: 1.20; 95% CI: 1.03-1.41 p for
trend=0.003). However, the highest risk
was seen in South Asia (HR: 1.65; 95% CI: 1.17-2.34, p for trend=0.02),
followed by other regions of the world (which included South East Asia, Middle
East, South America, North America/Europe and Africa) (HR: 1.41; 95% CI:
1.08-1.85, p for trend =0.01), while in China there was no significant
association (HR: 1.05; 95% CI: 0.78-1.41, p for trend = 0.38).

Conclusions:
Higher consumption
of white rice is associated with an increased risk of incident diabetes with the
strongest association being observed in South Asia, while in other regions, a
modest, non-significant association was seen.
Characteristics of ZnO:Er Nano Thin Films Produced Different Thickness Using Different Solvent By Sol-Gel Method
Authors: ÖZTÜRK Özgür , AŞIKUZUN Elif , HACIOĞLU Zeynep Banu , SAFRAN Serap
Published: September 2020

In this study, Er doped ZnO based semiconducting nano thin films are produced by the sol-gel technique using dip coating method which is widely used method for preparing nano size materials. 〖Zn〗_(1-x) 〖Er〗_x O thin films are prepared different coating thickness using different solvent. The effect of the Er doping and film thickness on structural, electric and optic properties of the ZnO semiconducting nano thin films are investigated in detail and compared with undoped sample which prepared in same conditions. X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD) has been used to determine phase and lattice parameters of the semiconducting thin films and scanning electron microscope (SEM) measurements are made for microstructure properties. The resistivity measurement for electrical properties and transmittance measurement for optic properties have been carried out.