bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Prevalence and determinants of exclusive breastfeeding among lactating mothers in an urban slum, West Tripura: a cross sectional study
Authors: Mog Chanda , Datta Anjan
Published: June 2019

Background: Exclusive breastfeeding is the optimal way to feed children during their first months of life, having important benefits for them and their mothers. Despite of all benefits, the practice of exclusive breastfeeding is quite low and information on influencing factors is limited especially from slum settlements. Objectives was to estimate the prevalence of exclusive breastfeeding and to find out the factors affecting exclusive breastfeeding among lactating mothers in an urban slum, West Tripura.Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted among 200 lactating mothers for a period of six months in an urban slum using structured interview schedule. Eligible mothers were selected by sample random sampling technique. Data has been analyzed by SPSS statistical software version 17.Results: Majority (43%) of the mothers was aged between 21-25 years and 89% were non working mothers. Among the participants, 55.5% were Hindu by religion, 60% belonged to nuclear family and 43.5% had studied up to primary level. The prevalence of exclusive breastfeeding rate among the study mothers were 60.5%. Only parity, place of delivery and number of antenatal check up were significantly associated with exclusive breastfeeding.Conclusions: Exclusive breast feeding (EBF) rate still needs to improve. Community level interventions like awareness programmes on exclusive breastfeeding, health education and behavior change communication among the target group is essential to improve the exclusive breastfeeding rate especially in slum settlements.
Knowledge regarding renal stone among the nurses working in a selected specialized hospital in Bangladesh
Authors: Akter Halim Khondoker Mahmuda , Sultana Shirin , Khatun Ratna , Islam Sharmin , Muhammad Faisal
Published: June 2019

Background: Renal stone disease is a considerable burden on public health worldwide. This study aimed to assess the nurse’s knowledge regarding renal stone among the nurses working at a selected specialized hospital.Methods: A total of 120 samples were collected through purposive sampling technique. A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted under quantitative approach. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire through face to face interview. A written informed consent was obtained from the hospital authority and nurses. Data were analysed using SPSS version 20.Results: In this study ninety percent of the respondents were female and about 43.3% of the respondents were in the age group 31-35 years. About 35.8% of the respondents had postgraduate qualification and the majority (63.3%) of the respondents had 4 years and above years of service experience. More than nine-tenths (95.8%) of the respondents mentioned that renal stone is one kind of urological disease and 75.8% of the respondents mentioned that calcium oxalate is responsible elements for formation of renal stone. About 63.3% of them mentioned pain or burning during urination as the symptoms of renal stone. 66.7% of the respondents mentioned that a patient with renal stone should be counseled on stone-specific dietary interventions.Conclusions: The findings reveal that most of the study participants had good level of knowledge regarding the renal stone. It was recommended that a special training on renal stone for nurses might be geared up to increase their level of knowledge.
Why do people attempt suicide? A mixed methods research from South India
Authors: Purushothaman Punithakumary , Premarajan K. C. , R. Jayalakshmy , T. Susila
Published: June 2019

Background: Every 40 seconds a person dies by suicide. Suicide is the second leading cause of death among young people 15-29 years of age, globally. In India, there is an increasing trend of suicide from 10.4 per lakh in 2003 to 10.9 per lakh in 2009.Methods: A (QUAN – QUAL) sequential explanatory design was used. Among 200 patients admitted for attempted suicide in JIPMER and Indira Gandhi Government Hospital and Post Graduate Institute Pondicherry were assessed for the reasons for attempting suicide using a semi-structured questionnaire. For a subsample of 40 (20%) In-depth interview was done to explore and understand the reasons and the undermined situation associated with attempted suicide at their residence.Results: Among the study subjects (n=200), mean (±standard deviation) age of suicide attempt was 26±9.1 years. Commonest reason for attempting suicide was verbal abuse, most often by parents (31.9%). Other precipitating factors were physical abuse, illness, marital conflict, family related problem, etc. On IDI, it was found that there were several factors like, background factors, aggravating, and protective factor. A conceptual diagram was generated depicting the imbalance between the protective and aggravating factors acting on the background factors before the execution of a suicide attempt.Conclusions: There is lot of scope to reduce the suicidal attempts in our country. Opportunistic screening should be done to identify any psycho-social issues among patients attending OPD. Strong social support and enabling environment should be provided for counselling individuals with suicidal ideation and intentions.
Coverage evaluation of vaccines using 30×7 cluster survey in rural area of Dhule, Maharashtra
Authors: Agrawal Kapil , Nagaonkar Shashikant N. , Agrawal Shweta K.
Published: June 2019

Background: Infectious diseases are a major cause of morbidity and mortality in children. One of the most cost-effective and easy methods for child survival is immunization. The objective of study was to assess the immunization coverage in the rural area of Dhule.Methods: A community based cross-sectional study was conducted by using WHO 30x7 cluster sampling technique in Primary Health Centre, Kheda catchment villages among children aged 12-23 months on the day of survey. The total sample size was found out to be 210. Identification of clusters was done as per WHO manual on 30×7 cluster survey. Interviews were conducted as per a structured interview format in households with eligible children. Data feeding was done in MS Excel sheet.Results: Full immunization coverage (FIC) was found out to be 58.6%. Drop-out rate was calculated to be 22.95%. The main reason for not completing the immunization was unaware to return for subsequent vaccine doses.Conclusions: Coverage evaluation of vaccines was found out to be 58.6%. Drop-out rate is high.
Tuberculosis in North-East India: patient profile and treatment outcome of patient attending RNTCP
Authors: Kayina T. Kayia Priscilla , Tarao M. Shyami , Nula Polly
Published: June 2019

Background: Tuberculosis is a disease of global concern. India with its high burden of Tuberculosis, HIV and HIV-TB co-infection, this disease continue to have tremendous impact on its denizens especially the north-eastern states of the country because of its problem of HIV. It is imperative to understand every aspects of the disease for effective prevention and control.Methods: A retrospective record study of tuberculosis units was conducted.Results: The proportion of males was more as compared to females, with more cases seen with increasing age. Pulmonary TB was seen more among males, whereas extra-pulmonary TB was seen more among females. Favorable treatment outcome was seen in 84.7% of the population. HIV-TB Co-infection was seen 6.5% of the patients, with 46.3% having extra-pulmonary TB. Favorable treatment outcome was seen among them too.Conclusions: More common in males, showing increasing number of patients in older age group with favourable outcomes on treatment in all categories including HIV-TB co-infection patients.
Role of sleep on alertness among medical students from a tertiary care hospital, Thrissur district, Kerala: cross-sectional study
Authors: Johnson Alisha , Valsan Sruthi M.
Published: June 2019

Background: Alertness and ability to perform vary as functions of homeostatic factors such as sleep duration, sleep quality, and time awake. As far as medical students are concerned, alertness during the lectures is important due to their vast curriculum, and their alertness aids in the development of better doctors in their future. Though the importance of sleep is known, there is scarcity of studies on how adequate sleep among medical students affects their alertness during lecture classes. The aim was to study effect of sleep duration on alertness among medical students from a tertiary care hospital in Thrissur district, Kerala.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among undergraduate medical students and alertness was assessed following afternoon lecture classes, using a Stanford sleepiness scale questionnaire. The sample size was calculated with a formula 4PQ/d2 and total 202 undergraduate students were included. The data regarding overnight sleep duration and post lunch nap was also collected using a semi-structured questionnaire.Results: Based on stanford sleepiness scale 66.3% of students were alert and responsive, 29.2% were not alert and only 4.5% of students were sleepy following afternoon lecture classes. Out of total 202 undergraduate students 43.6% of them had poor overnight sleep and only 32.7% had taken post lunch nap. There was a statistically significant association between alertness and post lunch nap (p=0.01).Conclusions: Those students who had good overnight sleep and post lunch nap had better alertness during lecture classes.
An interventional study regarding knowledge and awareness of TB and HIV among high school children in rural and urban areas of Dehradun
Authors: Natt Harsimranjit K. , Sharma Ashwani , Luthra Megha , Ohri Puneet , Negi Kamal S.
Published: June 2019

Background: The World Health Organization Global TB report reported that TB ranks alongside HIV as a leading cause of death worldwide. Evidence based studies revealed that knowledge and awareness has a substantial impact on the prevention of HIV/AIDS and tuberculosis. This study was conducted to compare the awareness and knowledge of high school children regarding HIV and TB in the rural and urban areas and to assess the impact of educational intervention on the same.Methods: One school each from rural and urban field practice area was selected by purposive sampling technique. A total of 205 high school students were included in the study by total enumeration method. An interventional study was conducted regarding awareness and knowledge about TB and HIV/AIDS by means of health talk and help of audio visual aids. The data was collected in a predesigned self administered questionnaire by pretest and post test method.Results: The total of 205 students participated in the study. Majority of the respondent have correct knowledge regarding the causative agent of TB (38.5%) with 28.4% in rural and 48.5% in urban area. Moreover majority of the respondent correctly elicited the causative agent of HIV/AIDS (52.6%) with 44.1% in rural and 61.1% in urban area. Overall the intervention had a substantial effect on the awareness and knowledge level of the students regarding HIV/AIDS and tuberculosis.Conclusions: Although awareness among the masses is there but right knowledge and practice plays a pivotal role in improving the health status and awareness of the community.
Effect of health seeking interval on outcome in swine flu cases attended a tertiary care hospital in southern Rajasthan region of India
Authors: Sharma Shalabh , Singhal Yogesh Kumar
Published: June 2019

Background: Swine flu influenza is an infection by H1N1 type of swine influenza virus. Swine influenza virus or swine-origin influenza virus (SIV or S-OIV) is a strain of the family of influenza viruses that’s endemic in swine (pigs). Early diagnosis and treatment is key approach to control the morbidity and mortality associated with swine flu which can be achieved by improving health seeking behaviour of community. Understanding of behaviour of community is essential for planning strategies for prevention and control. Aim of this study is to establish a relation between healthcare interval and outcome of swine flu.Methods: A complete data of all the patients visiting swine flu OPDs, swine flu wards and ICU were maintained for year 2015. Each patient visiting either the swine flu OPD or the swine flu ward, who was suspected clinically to be H1N1 positive were tested for real time PCR. Data was collected in a standardized pre-structured questionnaire.Results: Out of 1247 samples tested for rt-PCR, number of patients found to be swine positive was 491 (39.37%). Total 267 patients were admitted in swine flu ward and ICU, out of them 62 was expired. Clinical care intervals of more than 5 days from onset of symptoms to swab collection, diagnosis and admission were more in female and rural population. Mean duration between onset of symptom to hospitalization, swab collection and diagnosis was significantly higher in deceased patients than survived.Conclusions: Early presentation to healthcare facility is associated with better prognosis and outcome. After patient report to the health care setup, early sample collection and diagnosis help to reduce mortality.
Perception and knowledge regarding under-nutrition in children among anganwadi workers: a qualitative study in Berhampur of Ganjam district, Odisha
Authors: Kar Monali , Das Sangeeta , Sahoo Sanjaya , Patro Sithun K. , Palai Shrabani , Mishra Biswakaiyan , Satapathy Durga M.
Published: June 2019

Background: Anganwadi centres (AWCs) remain hub for promoting nutrition in children. For an effective functioning of programs, Anganwadi workers (AWWs) need to have a sound knowledge and perception regarding under-nutrition. A qualitative study (Focus Group Discussion) was conducted with aim to assess perceptions and knowledge of AWWs regarding under-nutrition in 6 domains like about term under-nutrition in children, its causes, identification of it, its community management, advices to be given to parents and knowledge of program related to under-nutrition in their locality.Methods: 2 Focus group discussions (each consisted of 12 members and took around 40-45 minutes) were conducted in December 2018 among AWWs of Berhampur through purposive sampling. One author played role of facilitator who carried out discussions, another acted as recorder who took notes and sociograms were recorded by another author. Audio-visual recordings were done. Data were analysed and a report was created based on grounded theory.Results: Participants had fair knowledge of term under-nutrition. They had good knowledge of causes of under-nutrition in children and knew how to identify. But none of them had proper knowledge of community management of malnutrition (CMAM) in children. Though most of them have knowledge of screening of malnourished children and referral to Nutritional rehabilitation centre, they were unaware of other key components of CMAM. Many AWWs didn’t know much about programs for combating malnutrition; however they were well acquainted with ICDS and VHND.Conclusions: Quality training programs and more sensitisation should be done for Anganwadi workers. Specific training on CMAM should be carried out for them.
Awareness and contraceptive practices among reproductive women in an urban area, Telangana, India: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Carolin Archana , . Sravanthi
Published: June 2019

Background: Current world population is 7.6 billions and India accounts 1.3 billions, India is the second most populous country in the world, by 2050 the world’s population is expected to reach 9 billion. Family Planning can have a positive impact on population growth, maternal mortality, and infant and new-born outcomes. Hence there is a need for considerable improvement in coverage and quality of family planning services. The objective of the study is to assess the awareness and contraceptive practices among womens.Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in an urban health-training center area of Rangareddy district, Telangana state. The study participants involved were women of reproductive age group 15–45 years. 200 women were selected by simple random sampling technique. Data entry was done in Microsoft excel and analyzed using SPSS version 20.Results: In this study 50% women belong to 26-35 year age group. 64% were literate, 41.4% belong to upper middle class, 74% women’s source of information regarding contraceptives is from medical professionals. 61% women are aware of contraception and 34% practice it.Conclusions: Based on our observation, 60% women were aware of contraception but only 34% practice at least one method. The common reasons for not practicing contraception are lack of knowledge, the desire for male child, pressure from husband. This study concludes that factors like age, education, socio-economic status have significant impact on awareness and practice of contraception.
School related factors affecting non communicable diseases risk factors among 13-15 years old adolescents from two schools in Delhi
Authors: Kedar Ashwini , Gupta Sanjay
Published: June 2019

Background: Children and adolescents are more vulnerable to developing NCD (non communicable diseases) risk factors due to changing lifestyles. Hence it is essential to recognize NCD risk factors among adolescents. School plays an important role in imparting knowledge and shaping the behaviours and practices among children. This study focusses on the school related factors that may be influencing the NCD risk factors among adolescents.Methods: The study was conducted among 438 students, 13 to 15 years old of two central government schools in Delhi. A self-administered modified STEPS questionnaire, an observation checklist for assessing facilities at schools and an interview schedule for school staff were used to collect data.Results: The statistically significant determinants of inadequate fruits and vegetable intake and excess fast food intake were consumption of fast food from vendors selling food outside the school (OR=4.36), inadequate physical activity at school (OR=2.56) and feeling stressed at school (OR=2.93). Physical activity at school was an important determinant for overall physical activity of students (OR=2.38). Current tobacco use and current alcohol use was determined by feeling stressed at school (OR=3.12). Health education classes at school had a protective effect on the NCD risk factors.Conclusions: Many school related factors such as absence of playground at school, stressed life at school and vendors selling fast food outside school were seen to influence lifestyle risk factors amongst adolescents. Hence an active involvement of school by increasing health education classes and providing adequate facilities for physical activities may help in reducing the NCD risk factors among students.
Changing doctor patient relationship in India: a big concern
Authors: Tripathi Juhi , Rastogi Shalabh , Jadon Ashok
Published: June 2019

Since time immemorial doctor’s service to mankind was considered as one of the noblest profession and doctors were treated as next to God with highest respect in the society. With the struggle of development, the modern society has become intolerant and impatient leading to change in this sacred relationship. This deterioration is not only affecting the social relationship but also the treatment of patients as there is a feeling of mistrust and concealment of facts. This article elaborates about the factors for such deterioration and also the ill effects both on patients and doctors. This article further suggest the measures to be taken on timely bases by all the stakeholders i.e. the doctors, the patients and society as well as by governments for improving this mandatory relationship.
Obesity: a global health problem
Authors: Jha Anshu Kumar , Das Anup Kumar
Published: June 2019

Since time immemorial, obesity has engulfed the mankind. It’s a pandemic. The prevalence is increasing by leaps and bound. Evidences date back to 30,000 BC. Earlier it was linked to wealth and status and it took a long time for it to be considered as a disease. This change in mind-set of the people occurred in mid-19th century. Different formulas for calculating the BMI (Body Mass Index) were invented which was different for the world and the South-East Asians. Slowly it became a topic for research among the scientific society and first priority was given to finding out the cause of obesity. It could not be pointed down to one as many factors were found to contribute to the menace of obesity. Age, gender, genetics, environment, food habits, various co-morbid conditions and the list of contributing factors is endless. Studies done at the molecular level have shown that various cytokines like TNF, Interleukins, Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein, adipokines, etc., have been implicated in the pathogenesis of obesity. The first line in the management of obesity is to take preventive measure. Those who have started to develop the disease should undergo a few non-pharmacological treatment options like lifestyle modification, change in food habits and behavioural therapy. Initially drugs like fenfluramine and sibrutramine were developed. With newer researches coming up more safer and consistent molecules like Tesofensin have been found and undergoing trial. If not benefited by medical treatment the last option what remains for the patient is bariatric surgery but they are too costly for general population to afford. Finally, it is best seen that it is wise enough to follow the saying “Prevention is better than cure” for a disease with such a vast etiology.
Studies on features, physical, mechanical, tribological properties and applications of Ti-6Al-4V in aerospace industry
Authors: Bammidi Roopsandeep , Prasad K. Siva , Rao P. S.
Published: June 2019

This research article gives an overview of the extensive research of Ti-6Al-4V from past few decades helped in studying about the features, properties, characteristics and application of aerospace industries. The final objective of study is to obtain the inherent advantages of Ti-6Al-4V like low elasticity modulus, high strength, low density and more resistant to fatigue and corrosion that leads to rely on the required knowledge for the employment of application which improves all physical and mechanical properties.
Hearing loss among children with sickle cell anaemia in Uganda
Authors: Kikuhe Nzanzu , Hume Heather , Kakande Emily , Namwagala Justine
Published: June 2019

Background: A case control was carried out to study the prevalence, the pattern and associated factors of hearing loss among Ugandan children with sickle cell anaemia.

Methods: One hundred and thirty-two children known sickle cell and one hundred thirty aged matched non-SCA controls were recruited after medical ethics committee approval and informed consent. Two obtain information on socio-demographic characteristics, history, and examination of the participants, a structured questionnaire was administered. Pure tone audiometry (PTA) was used to assess the hearing in a sound-treated room.  

Results: Twenty-two of the children had hearing impairment compared to 6 controls. Prevalence of hearing loss found among children with SCA was 17% but in the control group the prevalence found was 5%. Sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) affected 39%, conductive (CHL) 25% and mixed (MHL) 14% among cases compared to CHL 7%, SNHL 7% and MHL 7% among the controls. The hearing loss varied from mild to moderate (95%). All sickle cell children had high-frequency hearing loss. There was a statistically significant association of hearing loss and neurologic motor deficit.

Conclusions: Sickle patients are at risk of developing hearing loss as the study demonstrated a difference in hearing threshold in children living with sickle cell anaemia and the controls. High frequencies were more affected. The neurologic motor deficit was highly associated with hearing loss among patients with SCA compared to controls.
Clinical profile of ossicles in chronic suppurative otitis media: a study of 100 cases
Authors: Bangera Divya R. , Kulkarni Shreeya V. , Dhawale Anuradha S.
Published: June 2019

Background: To assess the status of ossicular chain intraoperatively in patients with chronic suppurative otitis media.

Methods: This was an observational study carried out in the department of ENT for a period of two years. About 100 patients of CSOM both safe and unsafe type was included in the study. They were then posted for appropriate surgery and their intraoperative ossicular findings were recorded.  

Results: Out of 100 cases, malleus was found intact in 80 cases, eroded in 17 cases and absent in 3 cases. Incus was the ossicle most commonly found eroded in the study. It was intact in 65 cases, eroded in 29 cases and absent in 6 cases. The most commonly necrosed part was the long process of incus found in 25 cases. Stapes was found to be intact in 77 cases and suprastructure of stapes was eroded in 23 cases.

Conclusions: We found malleus to be the most resistant ossicle to erosion in CSOM, whereas incus was found to be the most susceptible. The incidence of ossicular erosion was much greater in unsafe CSOM than in safe CSOM.
Study of brain stem evoked audiometry in children under 10 years of age: a case series study
Authors: Suligavi Shashidhar S. , Pawar Shradha S.
Published: June 2019

Background: Brainstem evoked response audiometry (BERA) is a diagnostic tool which can be used to assess the early hearing loss and planning rehabilitative procedures. It is noninvasive and can be performed in uncooperative children.

Methods: To evaluate the hearing threshold and find the incidence of hearing loss in infants and children under 10 years of age.  

Results: Totally, 55 patients under 10 years of age were included in the study. 15 children had normal hearing (27.27%) and 40 (72.72 %) were found to have sensorineural hearing loss. Amongst 40, 19 (47.5%) children were found in the age group of 1-5years. 14 (35%) were found to have profound hearing loss, 15 (37.5%) had severe, 8(20%) had moderate, 3 (7.5%) had mild hearing loss.

Conclusions: Newborn screening is mandatory to identify hearing loss in the prelinguistic period to reduce the burden of handicap in the community. BERA should be carried out as a routine procedure to detect hearing impairment in high risk children and rehabilitative measures should be started as early as possible.
Second branchial cleft anomalies: a review of 12 cases
Authors: Modi Niral R. , Anadani Jamin , Tota Sanjay M.
Published: June 2019

Background: It is a combined retrospective and prospective study of 12 cases of branchial cleft anomalies presented to our hospital. We analysed them for their age and sex incidence, side prevalence, according to clinical features and treatment outcomes.

Methods: Thorough history was taken and examination was done and these cases are investigated with CT scan, MRI scan and treated with surgical excision.  

Results: Cyst is seen in 7 (58.33%) patients while one case of sinus and one (8.33%) of fistula,1 case of co-existing sinus and fistula (8.33%), and one Bilateral sinus and 1 bilateral fistula (8.33%) were seen. Overall incidences of branchial anomalies are more (40%) in 11-15 year age group. Overall incidence of branchial anomalies is more in male (66.66%) than female (33.33%). 4 cysts were right sided and 3 were left sided. Sinus and fistula were seen one case having right sided and 1 case having bilateral anomaly. Patients having branchial cysts presents most commonly with neck swelling and pain while patients having fistula and sinus presents commonly with discharging opening over anterior neck. 1 case of recurrence found in cyst on follow up and no recurrences were seen in sinus and fistula.

Conclusions: Cyst is the most common anomaly, most commonly affected age group is 11-15 years, male are more commonly affected, these anomalies are more prevalent on right side, and there are very less chances of recurrence after surgical excision.
Migrating fish bone in neck
Authors: Shroff Siddharth A. , Ansari Mohammad Humaam , Agarwal Naman
Published: June 2019

Foreign body ingestion is very common in Asian population among which most common ingested foreign body is fish bone (FB). It usually presents with foreign body sensation, odynophagia or pricking sensation during deglutition. Usually diagnosis is achieved on basis of lateral radiograph of neck, videolaryngoscopy and oesophagoscopy. Sometimes FB migrates extraluminally and causes deep neck abscess, vascular complications including vascular esophageal fistula, puncture of carotid artery, thromboembolism, thyroid gland retention. Here we report a case where fish bone migrated extraluminally into neck piercing the carotid sheath and jarred between external carotid artery and internal carotid artery. Initial laryngoscopy and oesophagoscopy were both negative. Urgent Surgical exploration was planned due to severe pain and discomfort to patient and 4 cm fish bone was retrieved. Fish bone ingestion is the most common ingested foreign body encountered in otorhinolaryngology practice. Fish bones are most commonly impacted at base of tongue, palatine tonsil or vallecula. Sometimes fish bone extraluminally and causes various complications. Extraluminal migration of fish bone is very rare and very few cases have been reported and the only case reported from our region. 
Switching portal technique in anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction: use of an extra low and medial portal
Authors: Agarwal Abhishek , Debuka Ekansh , Kumar Dharmendra , Sharma Vineet
Published: June 2019

Background: Long term success of ACL reconstruction depends on accurate surgical technique of anatomic tunnel placements and proper rehabilitation protocol followed, and for accurate tunnel positioning various arthroscopic landmark should be visible clear with the use of various portals.

Methods: All 112 surgeries were performed by a single surgeon in King Georges Medical University, Lucknow Orthopedic department operation theatre during July 2016- December 2018. An extra low and medial portal is created and then portal were switched between anteromedial and low medial one.

Results: With the use of this portal the average surgical time was observed to be 43 minutes and no malpositioning of tunnel was encountered.

Conclusions: This switching portal technique provides an excellent view of the femoral tunnel plot and gives consistent results with minimum complications.
Evaluation of arthroscopic Bankart repair in recurrent shoulder dislocation
Authors: Mohapatra R. G. Asutosh , Kumar Jitendra
Published: June 2019

Background: Our aim was to study the surgical and functional outcome and postoperative shoulder motion following, arthroscopic repair of the Bankart lesion of the shoulder with suture anchors.

Methods: This was a study of arthroscopic Bankart repair in recurrent anterior shoulder dislocation with suture anchors in 20 patients. Most of patients had symptoms for a period ranging from 1 to 2 years and 1- 4 recurrent dislocation episodes preoperatively. Necessary radiological and haematological investigations were done. The post-operative x-rays were evaluated and the post-operative rehabilitation evaluation done at 3 weeks, 6 weeks, 12 weeks, 6 months and 1 year, for any recurrence of symptoms.

Results: In our study of 20 patients, with the mean follow up period of 12 months, the mean Rowe score post-operatively improved to 94 from a pre-operative mean score of 56.25. Out of 20 patients none had episodes of recurrent dislocation. In 15 patients 3 suture anchors were used and in 5 patients 2 suture anchors used intra operatively. The range of movement – external rotation in 90º of abduction improved in 17 patients (85%).

Conclusions: We concluded that arthroscopic Bankart repair in recurrent anterior shoulder dislocation with suture anchors is effective in providing better shoulder function with range of movement and lower rate of recurrence.
External fixation versus plating in intra-articular distal end radius fractures
Authors: Anant Shubham , Agarwal Saumya , Gupta Sanjay , Lal Anuj Kumar
Published: June 2019

Background: Distal end radius fractures are one of the most common encountered fractures in Orthopaedics. Prompt intervention in terms of volar locking plate or external fixation can be performed. The purpose of this study was to derive a better outcome as to which type of fixation is a better choice for the treatment of intra-articular distal end radius fracture.

Methods: A prospective randomized controlled study was conducted with 30 patients and comparison was made between the plating and external fixator group using the modified clinical-scoring system of Green and O'Brien and demerit point system at each follow-up.

Results: In the plating group 14 patient’s fracture united in 6th week and 1 patient’s fracture united at 8th week this result was similar to the external fixator group were 14 patient’s fracture united in 6th week and 1 patient’s fracture united at 8th week. 1 patient each developed wrist joint stiffness and delayed union in the plating group as compared to the external fixator group were 1 patient each developed wrist joint stiffness, delayed union and broken implant in situ and pin tract infection.

Conclusions: During the initial follow ups the functional outcome of the plating group were better than the external fixator group but as the time passed at the final follow up plating was only marginally better than the external fixator group. It was seen that radiologically plating lead to a better correction of all the parameters as compared to external fixator group.
Assessment of functional mobility and body mass index among patients with a total knee replacement: a retrospective study in Indian population
Authors: Yelamarthi Nagendra Gowtham Rayudu , Yelavarthi Raghu , Tati Rajashekhar
Published: June 2019

Background: Obesity is associated with an increased risk of osteoarthritis, and the incidence of obese patients requiring a total knee replacement (TKR) has increased in recent years. A high body mass index (BMI) may influence post‐TKR rehabilitation outcomes. The aim of the present study was to assess the effects of obesity on functional mobility outcomes following post‐TKR rehabilitation in Asian patients where BMI was not as high as those reported in similar studies performed other countries other than Asian.

Methods: A total of 100 patients were categorized as normal weight (n=11), overweight (n=10), class I obese (n=28), or class II obese (n=32), class III obese (n=19). Patients were retrospectively followed up for 6 months after undergoing TKR followed by 2 months of active rehabilitation. Outcome measures were recorded at baseline and at the 2‐month and 6‐month follow-up assessments and included the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index and the following tests: functional reach, single‐leg stance, ten‐meter walk, timed up and go, chair rise, and stair climbing.

Results: A 4×3 (group×time) repeated‐measures analysis of variance showed significant improvement in all of the outcome measures for all of the BMI groups at the 2‐month and 6‐month follow-up assessments (p<0.05 for all). No significant intergroup differences at the 2‐month and 6‐month follow-up assessments were observed for any of the mobility measures except the functional reach and single‐leg stance (p<0.05).

Conclusions: Patients with class II/III obesity benefit from early post‐TKR outpatient rehabilitation and respond well. Also, the patients with lower BMIs showed significant improvements and patients with a high BMI might require additional balance-based exercises in their post-TKR rehabilitation protocols.
Diagnostic accuracy in rotator cuff tears: clinical tests vs MRI
Authors: Modipalli Divakar , Hegde Atmananda S. , Shetty Chethan B.
Published: June 2019

Background: Till date there is a lack of consensus regarding validity of clinical tests in identifying the rotator cuff injuries and also the predictive value of noninvasive investigations done to confirm such shoulder pathology.

Methods: We included 48 patients with shoulder complaints in our study who underwent blinded clinical examination and MRI of shoulder, whose findings were compared with arthroscopic findings and were statistically analyzed.

Results: In the study group mean age was 47 years and 71% were males. When compared with arthroscopy, clinical examination for supraspinatus had better sensitivity (90) but low specificity and negative predictive value (NPV) (37.5). MRI evaluation of supraspinatus had specificity of 85 and NPV of 60. Infraspinatus had almost similar statistical values. MRI was found to have better specificity (89.5) in comparison with clinical examination (52.6) in subscapularis evaluation along with higher positive (67 vs. 30) and negative predictive value (94 vs. 90).

Conclusions: Clinical examination is good in identifying lesion or tear of supraspinatus and subscapularis but may also have false positives, where usage of noninvasive MRI will reduce these false positive in comparison with gold standard arthroscopy. Although clinical examination is very useful for diagnosis of rotator cuff injuries, MRI could be used to improve specificity and predictive values in patients who are planned for surgical management of rotator cuff injury.
Closed medial subtalar dislocation: case report and review of the literature
Authors: Opondo Everisto A.
Published: June 2019

A rare case of medial subtalar dislocation is presented and the literature concerning this injury is reviewed. Subtalar joint dislocations are rare and often the result of a high-energy trauma. These talar dislocations represent 1%-2% of all dislocations. A case of uncomplicated medial subtalar joint dislocation managed by closed reduction under anaesthesia with excellent functional outcome is presented. In cases of open subtalar joint dislocation immediate reduction, wound debridement and if necessary (external) stabilization is critical. Up to fifty percent of patients suffering complicated injury are at risk of developing complications such as avascular necrosis of the talus. Other long-term sequelae include osteochondral fracture and subtalar joint instability.
Perfil do consumidor de alimentos lácteos funcionais em Cuiabá-MT
Authors: Filbido Gabriel Silvério , Siquieri José Paulo Araujo , Bacarji Alencar Garcia
Published: June 2019

The Brazilian Health Regulatory Agency (ANVISA) classifies functional foods as those that contain a functional property and those that help health maintenance. The objective of this study was to characterize the consumer profile of functional dairy foods in the city of Cuiabá-MT. Aiming to identify the profile of this consumer, the following demographic factors were analyzed: gender, family income, schooling, among others. The results showed that the predominant family income was between 2 to 5 minimum wages for group A respondents and 5 to 10 minimum wages for group B interviewees. According to the data found, 50% of the respondents in group A prioritize the nutritional quality in a food product. On the other hand, the respondents in group B value the flavor, 58.3%. It has been found that most consumers in group B believe that the price of functional dairy is fair. However, group A believes that the price of these foods is expensive. The research revealed that a large part of the consumer public has characteristics in common , with emphasis on healthy practices. This way, it was possible to observe that there is a great opportunity for the manufacturers of functional dairy products according to the consumption profile identified in the research.
Predicting Co-Changed Files: An External, Conceptual Replication
Authors: TOSUN Ayşe , ROMERO Betül
Published: June 2019

A software project can
be comprised of several, highly connected files. A software developer may not
know the files that are connected to which are developed or that are changed by
another developer. This may induce faults by missing necessary edits on all
related files. We build a prediction model for identifying files that should be
edited together during a code change, and evaluate the performance of our model
on two Apache projects’ development history over more than 10 years. We conduct
an external, conceptual replication study based on Wiese et al.'s prior work on
predicting co-changed files. Our study shares the same goal but differentiates
the experimental design in terms of data set construction, selection of file
pairs, feature selection and the model output. Our prediction model’s results,
although the same performance measures are used, are much lower than what is
reported in Wiese et al.’s study, mainly due to the differences in calculating
these measures. The models evaluated at commit granularity could achieve 20%
and 45% lower recall and precision rates, respectively, than those aggregated
over all file-pairs.  Although it is
practically more useful, predicting all files that will be co-changed together
during a commit is more challenging than predicting whether a particular file
will be changed in that commit. More information about the context of a
co-change, the degree of centrality of a file in the project, or project
characteristics could reveal more insights in building such predictors in the
future.
The Effects of Mg Deficiency on Activities and Isoenzyme Patterns of Antioxidant Enzymes in Cotton Roots
Authors: ÖZGÜR UZİLDAY Rengin
Published: June 2019

Magnesium (Mg) is an essential nutrient that takes vital roles in biochemical processes related to energy metabolism, regulation of enzyme activity, nucleic acid biosynthesis and carbohydrate metabolism. Mg deficiency in arable lands is an emerging problem. Loss of balance in different metabolic pathways due to Mg deficiency causes increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) such as O2.-, H2O2 and HO. in the roots.  The aim of this work was to elucidate the antioxidant response of roots of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) to Mg deficiency. For this aim, antioxidant enzyme activities were measured and changes in their isoenzymes were determined. In addition, NADPH oxidase (NOX) activity was investigated to determine the changes in ROS signaling. Moreover, H2O2 and lipid peroxidation levels were also measured as an indicator of oxidative damage. Findings of this work indicate that Mg deficiency does not cause oxidative load in roots of Gossypium hirsutum plants that overwhelms cellular antioxidant defence system, as evident by H2O2 and TBARS levels. However, to adjust to the new redox status, root cells drastically downregulate NOX dependent ROS production and induced total superoxide dismutase activity. These findings indicate that site of O2.- production is mitochondria in roots. Although, catalase and ascorbate peroxidase activities were decreased with Mg deficiency induced peroxidase activity seems to limit H2O2 accumulation. These adaptive responses and changes in antioxidant defence were sufficient to prevent excess ROS accumulation and occurrence of oxidative damage in roots of Gossypium hirsutum plants under Mg deficiency
META-ANALYSIS ON ADOLESCENT BEHAVIOR DELINQUENCY
Authors: Nurjan Syarifan , Tjahjono Heru Kurnianto , Yamin Muhammad Nurul
Published: June 2019

Purpose of the study: Purpose of the study to meta-analysis on trends of adolescent delinquency behavior. This analysis was taken to obtain hypothesis and map analysis of theories trends of adolescent delinquency behavior as the foundation of the theory of research on the tendency of adolescent delinquency behavior in Islamic Education Institution of Ponorogo Regency. Methodology: The research methods are: a) library research, b) inclusion criteria are: first, the primary study of the behavior of juvenile delinquents, second, research reports that require statistical information, third, research gaps and maps from various journals totaling 89, 3) data analysis to change the F value to t, d and r, sampling error and measurement error correction. Main Findings: The primary studies there is a positive relationship between social cohesion and behaviour delinquency, errors in sampling of 3.634% and error in the measurement of 0.22%.The results of empirical research that the tendency of adolescent delinquency is influenced by the parental environment and no empirical research support is influenced by the religious environment of Pesantren, religious friendship, and psychosocial control. Applications of this study: This research can be useful for adolescents who develop in Pesantren through religious environments, religious friendships, and psychosocial control. This research in Ponorogo District, East Java, Indonesia which consisted of 88 Pesantren (in the form of Salafy, ‘Ashry and combinations) from 161 high schools. This meta-analysis is to find out empirical and not empirical research to develop research theory. Novelty/Originality of this study: Social bonding is reflected in the psychology of adolescent development, as important element for understanding and constructing theories about adolescent delinquency behaviour. Social cohesion, social control and psychosocial control assumes that the behaviour tendencies delinquency adolescents is influenced by internal and environmental factors such as religiosity boarding school, religiosity family, and religiosity friendship.
FACTORS INFLUENCING MALAYSIAN PINEAPPLE SMALLHOLDERS INTENTION TO ADOPT MYGAP AND MPIB ROLES TO INSPIRE THE GROWERS TO OBTAIN MYGAP CERTIFICATION
Authors: Fam Soo-Fen , Laham Jamaliah , Sapak Zaiton , Chuan Zun Liang , Ahamat Amiruddin , Wan Zin Wan Zawaiah , . Suhartono
Published: June 2019

Purpose of the study: The study aims to identify the factors influencing growers’ intention to adopt MyGAP and MPIB roles and to inspire the pineapple growers to obtain MyGAP certificate.
Methodology: Questionnaires were distributed to a sample of 52 pineapple smallholder respondents in the study area. Descriptive analysis and binary logistic regressions were conducted using IMB SPSS version 23.
Main Findings and Novelty: The results of this study show that the three factors influencing pineapple smallholders’ intention to adopt MyGAP are training, attitude and barriers. The odd ratios show growers who received training are four times more likely to adopt MyGAP.
Applications of this study: MPIB has to conduct more training in order to inspire pineapple growers to obtain MyGAP certification. Meanwhile, the growers also have to change their attitude to accept MyGAP and overcome the perceived barriers for adopting MyGAP.