bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
General Assembly and Administrative
Council Meeting of the European
Federation of Internal Medicine

Tartu, the 27th of September, 2014
Authors: J. Kucharz Eugeniusz
Published: March 2016

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Disease activity, quality of life and indirect costs of reduced productivity at work, generated by Polish patients with ankylosing spondylitis
Authors: Kawalec Paweł , Malinowski Krzysztof
Published: March 2016

Objectives:  The aim of the study was to investigate the association between activity of ankylosing spondylitis (AS) and decrease in quality of life as well as productivity loss of affected patients in a specified group of patients in the Polish setting.

Material and methods: An questionnaire survey was conducted using the Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index (BASDAI) to assess disease activity, as well as the Work Productivity and Activity Impairment Questionnaires to assess productivity loss; quality of life was presented as utility calculated using the EuroQol 5 questionnaire and also measured on a visual analogue scale (VAS). Indirect costs were assessed with the human capital approach implying gross domestic product per capita or gross value added per worker in Poland in 2014 and were expressed in Polish zlotys (PLN) as well as in euros. Correlation was presented using Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient.

Results: We performed our analysis based on 78 full questionnaires collected. A mean BASDAI score of 5.91 in the analysed group of patients was detected and mean utility of 0.5135 was observed. Average quality of life measured on the visual analogue scale was 46.55. Mean number of days off work was 45.26 days per year and mean on-the-job productivity loss was 49.29%. Average annual indirect costs per patient were €4241 (17 686 PLN) calculated using gross domestic product and €10 172 (42 417 PLN) estimated using gross value added. Total productivity loss was significantly correlated with disease activity (strong correlation of 0.6005) and utility (moderate correlation of –0.3698).

Conclusions: Ankylosing spondylitis causes a great decrease in quality of life as well as patients’ productivity loss associated with both absenteeism and presenteeism. The greater the disease activity is, the lower is the utility, the lower is the quality of life measured on the VAS, and the greater are the total annual indirect costs. Total indirect costs were negatively correlated with utility; although the association was moderate, it was significant.
The relationship between the presence of autoantibodies, indicators of local and systemic inflammation, the serum concentration of B-cell activating factor (BAFF) and the intensity of salivary gland infiltration in patients with primary Sjögren’s syndrome – a preliminary study
Authors: Maślińska Maria , Kontny Ewa , Kwiatkowska Brygida
Published: March 2016

Objectives: The aim of this study was to find markers related to activation of B cells, which show a correlation with the systemic inflammation markers – erythrocyte sedimentation rate and C-reactive protein and with the intensity of in situ inflammation.
 Material and methods:  Forty-one primary Sjögren’s syndrome (pSS) patients (33 female, 8 male) of the mean age 52.9 ±15 years were included. A group of 20 healthy volunteers was applied as a control. Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), concentration of gamma-globulins, C-reactive protein (CRP) and rheumatoid factor (RF) were measured by routine laboratory tests. Titres of antinuclear antibodies (ANAs) were determined by the indirect immunofluorescence method, while anti-SS-A/SS-B antibodies were detected by both the dot-blot method and an enzyme immunoassay. The concentrations of BAFF in sera were measured by sandwich ELISA. Biopsies of minor salivary glands were taken and the focus score (FS) was calculated. Correlations between quantitative variables were assessed using the Spearman correlation coefficient (r).
 Results: Serum concentrations of BAFF was significantly higher in the pSS patients than in the control group. The study revealed a statistically significant correlation between ANAs titre and the FS (r = 0.421).
 Anti-SS-A/Ro and anti-SS-B/La antibodies positively correlated with ESR. There was also a positive correlation between the gamma globulin level and the titres of all tested autoantibodies.
 Conclusions: The positive correlation between ANAs and FS confirms the importance of these autoantibodies in the local inflammatory process. The positive correlation between anti-SS-A/SS-B antibodies and ESR suggests involvement of these antibodies in generalization of the inflammatory response. In the pSS group serum concentrations of BAFF were statistically significantly higher than healthy volunteers. All presented results confirm the role of activity of B cells in the course of pSS.
Interleukin 6 blockage-induced neutropenia in a patient with rheumatoid arthritis and resolved hepatitis B
Authors: Chmielińska Magdalena , Olesińska Marzena , Felis-Giemza Anna
Published: March 2016

The authors present a case report of a 59-year-old woman with rheumatoid arthritis after documented recovery from hepatitis C (HCV) infection and with resolved HBV infection who has been undergoing successful tocilizumab treatment. The patient experienced moderate to severe neutropenia after consecutive tocilizumab administrations. However, no serious infections or HBV reactivation was recorded during that period.
Taklimakan Desert Nocturnal Low Level Jet: Climatology and Dust Emission
Authors: Ge J. M. , Liu H. Y. , Huang J. P. , Fu Q.
Published: March 2016

Abstract. While nocturnal Low-Level Jets (NLLJs) occur frequently in many parts of the world, the occurrence and other detailed characteristics of NLLJs over the Taklimakan Desert (TD) are not well known. This paper presents a climatology of NLLJs and coincident dust over the TD by analyzing multi-year ERA-Interim reanalysis and satellite observations. It is found that the ERA-Interim dataset can capture the NLLJs feature well by comparing with radiosonde data from two surface sites. The NLLJs occur in more than 60 % of nights, which are primarily easterly to east-northeasterly. They typically appear at 100 to 400 m above the surface with a speed of 4 to 10 ms−1. Most NLLJs are located above the nocturnal inversion during warm season while they are embedded in the inversion layer during cold season. NLLJs above the inversion have a strong annual cycle with a maximum frequency in August. We also quantify the convective boundary layer (CBL) height and construct an index to measure the magnitude of the momentum in the CBL. We find that the NLLJ contains more momentum than without NLLJ, and in warm season the downward momentum transfer process is more intense and rapid. The winds below the NLLJ core to the desert surface gain strength in summer and autumn, which are coincident with an enhancement of aerosol optical depth. It indicates that the NLLJ is an important mechanism for dust emission and transport during the warm season over the Taklimakan.
An assessment of El Niño and La Niña impacts focused on monthly and seasonal rainfall and extreme dry/precipitation events in mountain regions of Colombia and México
Authors: Pinilla Herrera María Carolina , Pinzón Correa Carlos Andrés
Published: March 2016

Abstract. The influence of El Niño and La Niña on monthly and seasonal rainfall over mountain landscapes in Colombia and México was assessed based on the Oceanic Niño Index (ONI). A statistical analysis was develop to compare the extreme dry/precipitation events between El Niño, La Niña and Neutral episodes. For both areas, it was observed that El Niño and La Niña episodes are associated with important increases or decreases in rainfall. However, Neutral episodes showed the highest occurrence of extreme precipitation/dry events. For a better understanding of the impact of El Niño and La Niña on seasonal precipitation, we did a compound and a GIS analyses to define the high/low probability of above, below or normal seasonal precipitation under El Niño, La Niña and cold/warm Neutral episodes. In San Vicente, Colombia the below-normal seasonal rainfall was identified during El Niño and Neutral episodes in the dry season JJA. In this same municipality we also found above-normal seasonal rainfall during La Niña and Neutral episodes, especially in the dry season DJF. In Tancítaro México the below-normal seasonal rainfall was identified during La Niña winters (DJF) and El Niño summers (JJA), the above-normal seasonal rainfall was found during La Niña summers (JJA) and El Niño winters (DJF).
Pluri-decadal (1955–2014) evolution of glacier–rock glacier transitional landforms in the central Andes of Chile (30–33° S)
Authors: Monnier S. , Kinnard C.
Published: March 2016

Abstract. This study deals with relationships between debris-covered glaciers and rock glaciers in the central Andes of Chile. Three glacier–rock glacier transitional landforms are investigated over the last decades in order to highlight and question the significance of their landscape evolution and dynamics. We use series of historical air photos and Geoeye satellite images together with common remote sensing operations including imagery orthorectification, digital elevation model generation, and cross-correlation image matching. At each site, the following items were monitored: rock glacier morphology, thermokarst area, horizontal surface displacements and vertical surface displacements. The evolution of the landforms is remarkable given the short time span of the study, with horizontal surface displacements up to more than 3 m yr−1 and vertical displacements up to more than ±1 m yr−1. The landforms studied reveal different evolutional significance: (i) overlap of glacier and rock glacier development; (ii) glacier–rock glacier transformation; (iii) glacier–rock glacier collision. Insights are gained for the second case: the transformation may take place by the division and mixing of the buried ice body into distinct flow lobes and/or the apparent upward progression of the rock glacier morphology by the successive incorporation of debris-covered glacier patches.
Local and regional smoke impacts from prescribed fires
Authors: Price Owen F. , Horsey Bronwyn , Jiang Ningbo
Published: March 2016

Abstract. Smoke from wildfires poses a significant threat to affected communities. Prescribed burning is conducted to reduce the extent and potential damage of wildfires, but produces its own smoke threat. Planners of prescribed fires model the likely dispersion of smoke to help manage the impacts on local communities. Significant uncertainty remains about the actual smoke impact from prescribed fires, especially near the fire, and the accuracy of smoke dispersal models. To address this uncertainty, a detailed study of smoke dispersal was conducted for one small (52 ha) and one large (700 ha) prescribed fire near Appin in New South Wales, Australia through the use of stationary and handheld pollution monitors, visual observations and rain radar data, and by comparing observations to predictions from an atmospheric dispersion model. The 52 ha fire produced a smoke plume about 800 m high and 9 km long. Particle concentrations (PM2.5) reached very high peak values (> 400 μg/m3) and high 24 hour average values (> 100 μg/m3) at several locations next to or within ~ 500 m downwind from the fire, but low levels elsewhere. The 700 ha fire produced a much larger plume, peaking at ~ 2000 m altitude and affecting downwind areas up to 14 km away. Both peak and 24 hour average PM2.5 values near the fire were lower than for the 52 ha fire, but this may be because the monitoring locations were further away from the fire. Some lofted smoke spread north against the ground-level wind direction. Smoke from this fire collapsed to the ground during the night at different times in different locations. Although it is hard to attribute particle concentrations definitively to smoke, it seems that the collapsed plume affected a huge area including the towns of Wollongong, Bargo, Oakdale, Camden and Campbelltown (~ 120,000 ha). PM2.5 concentrations up to 169 μg/m3 were recorded on the morning following the fire. The atmospheric dispersion model accurately predicted the general behaviour of both plumes in the early phases of the fires, but was poor at predicting fine-scale variation in particulate concentrations (e.g. places 500 m from the fire). The correlation between predicted and observed varied between 0 and 0.87 depending on location. The model also completely failed to predict the night time collapse of the plume from the 700 ha fire. This study provides a preliminary insight into the potential for large impacts from prescribed fire smoke to NSW communities and the need for increased accuracy in smoke dispersion modelling. More research is needed to better understand when and why such impacts might occur and provide better predictions of pollution risk.
Introduction: Globalization and Race in World Capitalism
Authors: Robinson William I.
Published: March 2016

Scholars of world-systems and global political economy have wrestled for decades with the genesis of 'race' as a social construct and its historical significance for the system of world capitalism.  Transformations in the world capitalist system pose a new challenge to Western theories of race.  Older colonial structures may be giving way in the face of capitalist globalization.  Racial or ethnic dimensions of the relations of exploitation in the capitalist world-system need to be reconceptualized.  This symposium aims to generated debate and interchange among scholars on such a reconceptualization and to contribute to real world struggles against racial inequities.
Genocide, Race, Capitalism: Synopsis of Formation within the Modern World-system
Authors: Fenelon James V.
Published: March 2016

This article reviews and synpsizes race-based slavery and genocide extant across the Americas for a half millennia of colonial capitalist development, and identifies four major phases;  conquest, colonization, capitalism, and hegemonic global capitalism. Examples of genocide are presented for each phase, and differences between Catholic driven Latin America conquest and Protestant driven Anglo American genocidal domination are delineated and put into thelongue durée of the modern world-system.
What is Racism?
Authors: Grosfoguel Ramon
Published: March 2016

This article provides a definition of racism inspired in the work of Frantz Fanon, Boaventura de Sousa Santos and contemporary Caribbean Fanonian Philosophers. It discusses racism in relation to zone of being and zone of non-being. Racism is discussed as a dehumanization related to the materiality of domination used by the world-system in the zone of non-being (violence and dispossession) as opposed to the materiality of domination in the zone of being (regulation and emancipation). The approach shows how intersectionality of oppressions work differently for oppressed people in the zone of being as opposed to oppressed people in the zone of non-being. While in the zone of being oppressions are mitigated by racial privilege, in the zone of non-being oppressions are aggravated by racial oppression.
Review of Philip McMichael's Food Regimes and Agrarian Questions
Authors: Otero Gerardo
Published: March 2016

N/A
IV. Reseñas
Authors: Arredondo Erika
Published: March 2016

Número misceláneo
Academic Alchemy: the Fundamentum Scienciae Nobilissimae Secretorum Naturae of Adam of Bochyń
Authors: Rec Agnieszka
Published: March 2016

Alchemy was never taught at any medieval or early modern university, yet there is evidence of interest in the art among students and professors throughout Europe. Studies of academic alchemy have generally focused on the interests of individuals rather than examining communities of university alchemists. At the turn of the fifteenth century, the University of Cracow hosted a larger community of practitioners than previously acknowledged. This article presents a discussion, edition, and translation of a text that came out of that community: the Fundamentum scienciae nobilissimae secretorum naturae, written by Adam of Bochyń in 1489 while a student at the University of Cracow. In Adam's day, the university was experiencing an exceptionally vibrant moment in the sciences, particularly astronomy. Editing Adam's text will lay the groundwork for further studies of Cracow's alchemical community, studies that will change our understanding of the university's scientific flourishing as well as of the geography of central European alchemy, which has been dominated in the scholarship by Rudolf II's Prague.
Culture Warrior: A Response to Michael Ostling's Review Essay on The Realities of Witchcraft and Popular Magic in Early Modern Europe
Authors: Bever Edward
Published: March 2016

In this note, the author of The Realities of Witchcraft and Popular Magic in Early Modern Europe responds to Michael Ostling's critique of the book in his review essay “Secondary Elaborations: Realities and the Rationalization of Witchcraft” (Preternature 4, no. 2 [2015]: 203–10). Since Ostling presents the problems he sees with the book as consequences of motives he attributes to the author, this note first assesses these attributions, then analyzes a sample of criticisms of specific passages. Finally, this note presents a major point of the book that Ostling's review overlooks, and relates that point to the problems identified in his attribution of motives, evaluation of issues, and appreciation of the methodology the book employs.
A pesquisa e a pós-graduação em geografia no Brasil - os dez anos da ANPEGE
Authors: Duarte Gerusa Maria
Published: March 2016

A Associação Nacional de Pós-Graduação e Pesquisa em Geografia – Anpege foi criada em 4 de setembro de 1993, na UFSC, Florianópolis, pelos coordenadores dos programas de pós-graduação em Geografia de então, após 10 anos de reuniões e debates sobre esta. Nos 10 anos de sua existência, o número de cursos – tanto em nível de mestrado como de doutorado – triplicou, porém há grande concentração dos cursos no Sudeste, deixando grandes áreas do Brasil descobertas, fato que exige mudança para que todos os Estados seja contemplados, promovendo maior liberdade e crescimento da sociedade. Ao lado desta ampliação do número de cursos/programas, vê-se pelos dados do MEC/INPE que há muito de nebuloso, escamoteando a nitidez dos caminhos das políticas educacionais. Esses dados também demonstram, tanto pelo montante como pela relação entre instituições públicas e privadas, em distintos aspectos, como os índices de candidatos inscritos em vestibulares diferem muito daqueles efetivamente matriculados em cursos de graduação e do número de egressos destes cursos. Esta variação também é percebida nos números de professores e de instituições, comprovando que tem havido achatamento das instituições públicas, principalmente das universidades onde se concentram as atividades públicas de ensino superior e de pesquisa. Paralelamente, sabe-se do montante de professores substitutos e temporários que, em todos os semestres dos anos de vida da Anpege assumiram funções em virtude da falta de concursos para professores e funcionários técnicos administrativos, do número exíguo de bolsas – seja para pós-graduandos seja para pesquisadores em Geografia -, dos pedidos de auxílio negados pelos órgãos de fomento, da diminuição do tempo de vigência das bolsas, do número de candidatos que procuram os cursos de pós-graduação e que não podem ser assimilados. Todos estes fatores realçam o achatamento das instituições públicas, das condições de trabalho dos seus profissionais e dos seus alunos, incoerentes com o desenvolvimento que se propala e se quer do país. Os enquadramentos da Geografia no MEC e órgãos de fomento aos programas de pós-graduação e à pesquisa, dentro e fora deste ministério, parecem ignorar o universo deste campo do conhecimento. Os associados da Anpege, os geógrafos em todos os setores, professores, pesquisadores, estudantes da Geografia em todos os níveis, devem debater e conduzir rumos mais coerentes com suas atribuições.
A (falta de) ética na pesquisa gift authorship
Authors: Carvalho Márcia Siqueira
Published: March 2016

Por meio de levantamento de artigos que tratam do assunto sobre ética e produção científica, e análise dos seus conteúdos, elaborou-se o presente trabalho que tem por objetivo fornecer alguns exemplos para a discussão dos critérios de avaliação das produções e os problemas de co-autorias injustificadas em outros ramos da ciência, para a sua discussão entre alunos e professores de pós-graduação.
Investigation on characterization of Ereen coal deposit
Authors: Jargalmaa S. , Purevsuren B. , Davaajav Ya. , Avid B. , Bat-Ulzii B. , Ochirhuyag B.
Published: March 2016

The Ereen coal deposit is located 360 km west from Ulaanbaatar and 95 km from Bulgan town. The coal reserve of this deposit is approximately 345.2 million tons. The Ereen coal is used directly for the Erdenet power plant for producing of electricity and heat. The utilization of this coal for gas and liquid product using gasification and pyrolysis is now being considered. The proximate and ultimate analysis show that the Ereen coal is low rank D mark hard coal, which corresponds to subbituminous coal. The SEM images of initial coal sample have compact solid pieces. The SEM image of carbonized and activated carbon samples are hard material with high developed macro porosity structure. The SEM images of hard residue after thermal dissolution in autoclave characterizes hard pieces with micro porous structure in comparison with activated carbon sample. The results of the thermal dissolution of Ereen coal in tetralin with constant weight ratio between coal and tetralin (1:1.8) at the 450ºC show that 38% of liquid product can be obtained by thermal decomposition of the COM (coal organic matter).Mongolian Journal of Chemistry 16 (42), 2015, 18-21
Double-layer anisotropic light diffusion films fabricated using a two-step UV curing technique
Authors: Kusama Kentaro , Ishinabe Takahiro , Katagiri Baku , Orui Tomoo , Shoshi Satoru , Fujikake Hideo
Published: March 2016

We developed a novel light diffusion film with a double diffusion layer structure for high reflectivity and a wide diffusion angle range. We demonstrated that the internal layer structure of the light diffusion film is controlled by the diffusion angle of the ultraviolet (UV) light used for photopolymerization. We successfully fabricated two different diffusion layers in a single polymer film using a two-step UV curing process and achieved a wide diffusion angle range and high reflectivity normal to the film surface. Our light diffusion film can control the distribution of diffused light, and should contribute to the development of future low-power reflective displays with high reflectivity similar to the white paper.
Miniaturized ascorbic acid fuel cells with flexible electrodes made of graphene-coated carbon fiber cloth
Authors: Hoshi Kazuki , Muramatsu Kazuo , Sumi Hisato , Nishioka Yasushiro
Published: March 2016

Ascorbic acid (AA) is a biologically friendly compound and exists in many products such as sports drinks, fruit, and even in human blood. Thus, a miniaturized and flexible ascorbic acid fuel cell (AAFC) is expected be a power source for portable or implantable electric devices. In this study, we fabricated an AAFC with anode and cathode dimensions of 3 × 10 mm2 made of a graphene-coated carbon fiber cloth (GCFC) and found that GCFC electrodes significantly improve the power generated by the AAFC. This is because the GCFC has more than two times the effective surface area of a conventional carbon fiber cloth and it can contain more enzymes. The power density of the AAFC in a phosphate buffer solution containing 100 mM AA at room temperature was 34.1 µW/cm2 at 0.46 V. Technical issues in applying the AAFC to portable devices are also discussed.
Analysis on partial thermal resistances of packaged SiC schottky barrier diodes at elevated temperatures
Authors: Kim Taehwa , Funaki Tsuyoshi
Published: March 2016

This paper investigates the temperature dependence of partial thermal resistances of a packaged SiC schottky barrier diode (SBD) for high temperature applications. Transient thermal resistances of the packaged SiC SBD were measured and characterized in temperature range from 27 to 275 °C. The partial thermal resistances were extracted and analyzed using the cumulative and differential thermal structure functions. The extracted partial thermal resistances were compared to the results from the finite difference thermal model, and both results were in good agreement. The temperature dependence of the partial thermal resistance of the SiC device and the Si3N4 substrate contributes to the overall thermal characteristics variation of the packaged SiC SBD.
Formation of amorphous silicon passivation films with high stability against postannealing, air exposure, and light soaking using liquid silicon
Authors: Guo Cheng , Ohdaira Keisuke , Takagishi Hideyuki , Masuda Takashi , Shen Zhongrong , Shimoda Tatsuya
Published: March 2016

We applied liquid-source vapor deposition (LVD), thermal CVD from the vapor of cyclopentasilane (CPS), to form amorphous silicon (a-Si) passivation films on crystalline Si (c-Si) wafers, and investigated the thermal stability of the films against postannealing. LVD a-Si passivation films showed a high initial effective minority carrier lifetime (τeff) of >300 µs and a higher thermal stability than a reference plasma-enhanced chemical-vapor-deposited (PECVD) sample. The high thermal stability of LVD a-Si passivation films may be attributed to the considerably high deposition temperature of the films at 360 °C or more. LVD a-Si passivation films were sufficiently stable also against air exposure and 1-sun light soaking. We also confirmed that the epitaxial growth of Si films does not occur on c-Si even at such high deposition temperatures, and LVD could realize the simultaneous deposition of a-Si films on both sides of a c-Si wafer.
Evaluation of transport conditions for autologous bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells for therapeutic application in horses
Authors: Espina Miguel , Jülke Henriette , Brehm Walter , Ribitsch Iris , Winter Karsten , Delling Uta
Published: March 2016

Background.Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are increasingly used for clinical applications in equine patients. For MSC isolation and expansion, a laboratory step is mandatory, after which the cells are sent back to the attending veterinarian. Preserving the biological properties of MSCs during this transport is paramount. The goal of the study was to compare transport-related parameters (transport container, media, temperature, time, cell concentration) that potentially influence characteristics of culture expanded equine MSCs.

Methods.The study was arranged in three parts comparing (I) five different transport containers (cryotube, two types of plastic syringes, glass syringe, CellSeal), (II) seven different transport media, four temperatures (4 °C vs. room temperature; −20 °C vs. −80 °C), four time frames (24 h vs. 48 h; 48 h vs. 72 h), and (III) three MSC concentrations (5 × 106, 10 × 106, 20 × 106MSC/ml). Cell viability (Trypan Blue exclusion; percent and total number viable cell), proliferation and trilineage differentiation capacity were assessed for each test condition. Further, the recovered volume of the suspension was determined in part I. Each condition was evaluated using samples of six horses (n= 6) and differentiation protocols were performed in duplicates.

Results.In part I of the study, no significant differences in any of the parameters were found when comparing transport containers at room temperature. The glass syringe was selected for all subsequent evaluations (highest recoverable volume of cell suspension and cell viability). In part II, media, temperatures, or time frames had also no significant influence on cell viability, likely due to the large number of comparisons and small sample size. Highest cell viability was observed using autologous bone marrow supernatant as transport medium, and “transport” at 4 °C for 24 h (70.6% vs. control group 75.3%); this was not significant. Contrary, viability was unacceptably low (<40%) for all freezing protocols at −20 °C or −80 °C, particularly with bone marrow supernatant or plasma and DMSO. In part III, various cell concentrations also had no significant influence on any of the evaluated parameters. Chondrogenic differentiation showed a trend towards being decreased for all transport conditions, compared to control cells.

Discussion.In this study, transport conditions were not found to impact viability, proliferation or ability for trilineage differentiation of MSCs, most likely due to the small sample size and large number of comparisons. The unusual low viability after all freezing protocols is in contrast to previous equine studies. Potential causes are differences in the freezing, but also in thawing method. Also, the selected container (glass syringe) may have impacted viability. Future research may be warranted into the possibly negative effect of transport on chondrogenic differentiation.
No effect of low-level chronic neonicotinoid exposure on bumblebee learning and fecundity
Authors: Piiroinen Saija , Botías Cristina , Nicholls Elizabeth , Goulson Dave
Published: March 2016

In recent years, many pollinators have declined in abundance and diversity worldwide, presenting a potential threat to agricultural productivity, biodiversity and the functioning of natural ecosystems. One of the most debated factors proposed to be contributing to pollinator declines is exposure to pesticides, particularly neonicotinoids, a widely used class of systemic insecticide. Also, newly emerging parasites and diseases, thought to be spread via contact with managed honeybees, may pose threats to other pollinators such as bumblebees. Compared to honeybees, bumblebees could be particularly vulnerable to the effects of stressors due to their smaller and more short-lived colonies. Here, we studied the effect of field-realistic, chronic clothianidin exposure and inoculation with the parasiteNosema ceranaeon survival, fecundity, sugar water collection and learning using queenlessBombus terrestris audaxmicrocolonies in the laboratory. Chronic exposure to 1 ppb clothianidin had no significant effects on the traits studied. Interestingly, pesticide exposure in combination with additional stress caused by harnessing bees for Proboscis Extension Response (PER) learning assays, led to an increase in mortality. In contrast to previous findings, the bees did not become infected byN. ceranaeafter experimental inoculation with the parasite spores, suggesting variability in host resistance or parasite virulence. However, this treatment induced a slight, short-term reduction in sugar water collection, potentially through stimulation of the immune system of the bees. Our results suggest that chronic exposure to 1 ppb clothianidin does not have adverse effects on bumblebee fecundity or learning ability.
Psychometric properties of the Greek TCI-R and its clinical correlates: schizotypy and the self-regulation of affective and cognitive functioning
Authors: Giakoumaki Stella G. , Karagiannopoulou Leda , Rózsa Sándor , Zouraraki Chrysoula , Karamaouna Penny , Cloninger C. Robert
Published: March 2016

Background.The revised Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI-R) measures Cloninger’s psychobiological model of personality. The average effects of individual temperament and character traits have been associated with schizotypy and with impaired regulation of affect and cognition. We extended prior research by testing predictions about the association of specific multidimensional configurations of temperament and character traits on schizotypy, affect balance, and self-perceived cognitive functioning.

Method.A well-educated sample of native Greeks (N= 483), completed a new Greek translation of the TCI-R, as well as the Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire (SPQ), the Positive/Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS) and the Cognitive Failures Questionnaire (CFQ). The factor structure of the TCI-R was examined with exploratory and confirmatory tests. Associations between reported measures were examined with correlational and regression analyses.

Results.The TCI-R had good psychometric properties as expected from studies in other countries. As predicted, specific configurations of temperament and character were associated with schizotypy, negative affect balance, and cognitive lapses. The “Borderline/Explosive temperament” (high Novelty Seeking, high Harm Avoidance, low Reward Dependence), “Schizotypal/Disorganized character” (low Self-directedness, low Cooperativeness, high Self-transcendence), and “Low Ego Strength/Fragile” profile (high Harm Avoidance, low Persistence, low Self-Directedness) were each strongly associated with higher stereotypy, negative affect balance (low positive affect and high negative affect), and subjective cognitive lapses compared to their contrast groups.

Discussion.Multidimensional TCI profiles are strongly related to individual differences in schizotypy and self-reported regulation of affect and cognition. The Greek translation of the TCI-R is psychometrically sound and useful for clinical assessment and research.
Crystal structure and molecular mechanism of an aspartate/glutamate racemase from Escherichia coli O157
Authors: Liu Xiuhua , Gao Fei , Ma Yinliang , Liu Shuang , Cui Yaqi , Yuan Zenglin , Kang Xianjiang
Published: March 2016

EcL‐DER, the aspartate/glutamate racemase from the pathogen Escherichia coli O157, exhibits racemase activity for l‐aspartate and l‐glutamate. This study reports the crystal structures of apo‐EcL‐DER, the EcL‐DER‐l‐aspartate and the EcL‐DER‐d‐aspartate complexes. The EcL‐DER structure contains two domains, forming pseudo‐mirror symmetry in the active site. A unique catalytic pair consisting of Thr83 and Cys197 exists in the active site. The characteristic conformations of l‐Asp and d‐Asp in the active site provide a straight structural evidence for the racemization mechanism of EcL‐DER. In addition, the diversity of catalytic pairs implies that PLP‐independent amino acid racemases adopt various catalytic mechanisms and are classified into different subgroups.
Hydrologic modeling in dynamic catchments: A data assimilation approach
Authors: Pathiraja S. , Marshall L. , Sharma A. , Moradkhani H.
Published: March 2016

The transferability of conceptual hydrologic models in time is often limited by both their structural deficiencies and adopted parameterizations. Adopting a stationary set of model parameters ignores biases introduced by the data used to derive them, as well as any future changes to catchment conditions. Although time invariance of model parameters is one of the hallmarks of a high quality hydrologic model, very few (if any) models can achieve this due to their inherent limitations. It is therefore proposed to consider parameters as potentially time varying quantities, which can evolve according to signals in hydrologic observations. In this paper, we investigate the potential for Data Assimilation (DA) to detect known temporal patterns in model parameters from streamflow observations. It is shown that the success of the DA algorithm is strongly dependent on the method used to generate background (or prior) parameter ensembles (also referred to as the parameter evolution model). A range of traditional parameter evolution techniques are considered and found to be problematic when multiple parameters with complex time variations are estimated simultaneously. Two alternative methods are proposed, the first is a Multilayer approach that uses the EnKF to estimate hyperparameters of the temporal structure, based on apriori knowledge of the form of nonstationarity. The second is a Locally Linear approach that uses local linear estimation and requires no assumptions of the form of parameter nonstationarity. Both are shown to provide superior results in a range of synthetic case studies, when compared to traditional parameter evolution techniques.
Grandparents Raising Grandchildren
Authors: Baugh Eboni J. , Taylor Alan C. , Bates James S.
Published: March 2016

Grandparents can become primary caregivers due to a wide range of reasons and circumstances. This entry addresses the factors for grandparents raising their grandchildren, discussing who is included in this portion of the population, the challenges that they face, theories of grandfamilies, and their strengths.
Further delineation of facioaudiosymphalangism syndrome: Description of a family with a novel NOG mutation and without hearing loss
Authors: Bayat Allan , Fijalkowski Igor , Andersen Tobias , Abdulmunem Sura Azhar , van den Ende Jenneke , Van Hul Wim
Published: March 2016

Mutations in the NOG gene give rise to a wide range of clinical phenotypes. Noggin, the protein encoded by this gene is a secreted modulator of multiple pathways involved in both bone and joint development. Proximal symphalangism is commonly observed in patients bearing mutations in this gene, however secondary symptomes are often found including typical facies with hemicylindrical nose with bulbous tip, hyperopia, reduced mobility of multiple joints, hearing loss due to stapes fixation, and recurrent pain from affected joints. With large variation of the phenotype both within and between affected families careful delineation of the genotype–phenotype correlation is needed. In this work we describe a Danish family suffering from SYNS1 due to a novel NOG gene mutation (C230Y). We provide detailed clinical description of the family members presenting rare phenotype of the shoulders shared by affected individuals but no hearing loss, further adding to the phenotypic variability of the syndrome. With these findings we broaden the understanding of NOG‐related‐symphalangism spectrum disorder. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Efficient Discrimination of Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) Using Oligonucleotides Modified with C5‐Pyrene‐Functionalized DNA and Flanking Locked Nucleic Acid (LNA) Monomers
Authors: Kaura Mamta , Hrdlicka Patrick J.
Published: March 2016

Oligodeoxyribonucleotides modified with 5‐[3‐(1‐pyrenecarboxamido)propynyl]‐2′‐deoxyuridine monomer X and proximal LNA monomers display higher affinity for complementary DNA, more pronounced increases in fluorescence emission upon DNA binding, and improved discrimination of SNPs at non‐stringent conditions, relative to the corresponding LNA‐free probes across a range of sequence contexts. The results reported herein suggest that the introduction of LNA monomers influences the position of nearby fluorophores via indirect conformational restriction, a characteristic that can be utilized to develop optimized fluorophore‐labeled probes for SNP‐discrimination studies.
A Rare and Exclusive Endoperoxide Photoproduct Derived from a Thiacalix[4]arene Crown‐Shaped Derivative Bearing a 9,10‐Substituted Anthracene Moiety
Authors: Zhao Jiang‐Lin , Wu Chong , Tomiyasu Hirotsugu , Zeng Xi , Elsegood Mark R. J. , Redshaw Carl , Yamato Takehiko
Published: March 2016

A rare and exclusive endoperoxide photoproduct was quantitatively obtained from a thiacalix[4]arene crown‐shaped derivative upon irradiation at λ=365 nm; the structure was unambiguously confirmed by 1H/13C NMR spectroscopy and X‐ray crystallography. The prerequisites for the formation of the endoperoxide photoproduct have also been discussed. Furthermore, the photochemical reaction rate could be greatly enhanced in the presence of the thiacalix[4]arene platform because it served as a host to capture oxygen.
Cerebellar gray matter differentiates children with early language delay in autism
Authors: D'Mello Anila M. , Moore Dorothea M. , Crocetti Deana , Mostofsky Stewart H. , Stoodley Catherine J.
Published: March 2016

Early language delay (ELD) is one of the earliest indicators of autism spectrum disorder (ASD), and predicts later cognitive and behavioral outcomes. We aimed to determine the neural correlates of ELD in autism, and examine the relationships between gray matter (GM), age of first word/phrase, and core ASD symptoms. We used voxel‐based morphometry to examine whole‐brain differences in GM in 8–13 year old children with autism (n = 13 ELD; n = 22 non‐ELD) and 35 age‐matched typically developing (TD) children. Multiple regression analyses examined the relationships between GM, age of first word/phrase, and autism diagnostic observation schedule (ADOS) scores. Composite age of first word/phrase negatively correlated with GM throughout the cerebellum. Both ASD groups (ELD and non‐ELD) had reduced GM in right cerebellar Crus I/II when compared to TD children. Left cerebellar Crus I/II was the only region in the brain that differentiated ELD and non‐ELD children, with ELD children showing reduced GM relative to both non‐ELD and TD groups. Group×score interactions converged in left Crus I/II, such that the non‐ELD group showed poorer ADOS scores with increasing GM, whereas the ELD group showed poorer ADOS scores as GM decreased. Reduced GM in right cerebellar Crus I/I was related ASD diagnosis, while children with ELD showed additional reduced GM in left Crus I/II. These findings highlight the importance of specific cerebellar networks in both ASD and early language development, and suggest that bilateral disruption in cerebellar regions that interconnect with fronto‐parietal networks could impact language acquisition in ASD. Autism Res 2016, 9: 1191–1204. © 2016 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Mutations and deletions of PRC2 in prostate cancer
Authors: Jain Payal , Di Croce Luciano
Published: March 2016

The Polycomb group of proteins (PcGs) are transcriptional repressor complexes that regulate important biological processes and play critical roles in cancer. Mutating or deleting EZH2 can have both oncogenic and tumor suppressive functions by increasing or decreasing H3K27me3. In contrast, mutations of SUZ12 and EED are reported to have tumor suppressive functions. EZH2 is overexpressed in many cancers, including prostate cancer, which can lead to silencing of tumor suppressors, genes regulating epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT), and interferon signaling. In some cases, EZH2 overexpression also leads to its use of non‐histone substrates. Lastly, PRC2 associated factors can influence the progression of cancer through progressive mutations or by specific binding to certain target genes. Here, we discuss which mutations and deletions of the PRC2 complex have been detected in different cancers, with a specific focus on the overexpression of EZH2 in prostate cancer.
Balance institutional mission, values with free speech rights on your campus
Authors: McCarthy Claudine
Published: March 2016

ORLANDO, FLA. — Burgeoning with an influx of bright young minds and seasoned experts constantly developing new ideas and expanding knowledge, the college campus seems like the ideal environment for fostering free speech.
Review 8 preparation steps to manage involvement of attorney, non‐attorney advocates in your student conduct process
Authors: McCarthy Claudine
Published: March 2016

ST. PETERSBURG BEACH, FLA. — You can benefit from the lessons learned by your colleagues in North Carolina, which was the first state to pass legislation allowing full participation by a licensed attorney or a non‐attorney advocate for students involved in college disciplinary procedures.
Was openly gay student‐council president entitled to damages for defamation?
Authors: Gelpi Aileen
Published: March 2016

Christopher Armstrong was elected president of the University of Michigan student council in 2010.
Design out crime on your campus with low‐cost best practices
Authors: Sutton Halley
Published: March 2016

Even if you don't have any formal guidelines for crime prevention through environmental design in place on your campus, odds are you're already implementing several of the strategies to make your campus a safer space. If you're looking for quick and inexpensive ways to boost campus safety, you can easily implement CPTED practices on your campus immediately. Ed Book, chief of police at Santa Fe College in Florida; Richard Schneider, Ph.D., current adjunct professor and retired full‐time professor of urban and regional planning at the University of Florida at Gainesville; and Art Hushen, president of the National Institute of Crime Prevention, shared some tips and best practices for implementing CPTED on your campus, regardless of your current layout and architectural design.
Improve safety of your international students
Authors: McCarthy Claudine
Published: March 2016

A record influx of international college students brings increased risks and liabilities to U.S. colleges and universities.
This or that: The many hats of higher education law enforcement
Authors: Zacarese Lawrence M.
Published: March 2016

I knew pretty early on after making the transition from municipal policing to higher education law enforcement that I was entering a world unlike any other. Sure, there are many regulations and statutes that affect administrators and executives of local, town, state and federal law enforcement agencies; there is definitely no shortage.
Topological DNA Assemblies Containing Identical or Fraternal Twins
Authors: Wu Zai‐Sheng , Shen Zhifa , Tram Kha , Salena Bruno J. , Li Yingfu
Published: March 2016

DNA catenanes are assemblies made up of two or more DNA rings linked together through mechanical bonds, and they are desirable for engineering unique nanoscale devices. However, current methods of synthesizing DNA catenanes rely on the formation of strong linking duplexes between component units to enable interlocking and thus do not permit the synthesis of complex single‐stranded DNA structures with freely functioning units. We have recently reported DNA sequences that can thread through a DNA circle without the formation of a linking duplex. Here we show that these unique DNA molecules can be further used to make intricate symmetric or asymmetric DNA [3]catenanes, single‐stranded DNA assemblies made up of a central mother ring interlocked to two identical or fraternal twin daughter rings, which have never been reported before. These addressable freely functioning interlocked DNA rings should facilitate the design of elaborate nanoscale machines based on DNA.
Dynamic Chemistry of Disulfide Terminated Oligonucleotides in Duplexes and Double‐Crossover Tiles
Authors: De Stefano Mattia , Vesterager Gothelf Kurt
Published: March 2016

Designed nanostructures formed by self‐assembly of multiple DNA strands suffer from low stability at elevated temperature and under other denaturing conditions. Here, we propose a method for covalent coupling of DNA strands in such structures by the formation of disulfide bonds; this allows disassembly of the structure under reducing conditions. The dynamic chemistry of disulfides and thiols was applied to crosslink DNA strands with terminal disulfide modifications. The formation of disulfide‐linked DNA duplexes consisting of three strands is demonstrated, as well as a more‐complex DNA double‐crossover tile. All the strands in the fully disulfide‐linked structures are covalently and geometrically interlocked, and it is demonstrated that the structures are stable under heating and in the presence of denaturants. Such a reversible system can be exploited in applications where higher DNA stability is needed only temporarily, such as delivery of cargoes to cells by DNA nanostructures.