bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: A Novel Synthesis of Cyclopropyl Lactam and Amide from cis‐2‐Aryl‐3‐benzoyl‐1,1‐dicyanocyclopropane with H2O2 in the Presence of NaHCO3.
Authors: Ren Zhongjiao , Cao Weiguo , Chen Jie , Lu Yeying , Wu Danyi
Published: December 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Conversion of Torgov′s Synthesis of Estrone into a Highly Enantioselective and Efficient Process.
Authors: Yeung Ying‐Yeung , Chein Rong‐Jie , Corey E. J.
Published: December 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Selective Ring Expansion Alkylation of Formyl[2.2.1]bicyclic Carbinols with C‐Nucleophiles: A Unique Route to Cyclopentane Derivatives.
Authors: Yang Te‐Fang , Tseng Chih‐Hao , Wu Kuan‐I , Chang Chung‐Nien
Published: December 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: HClO4—SiO2 Catalyzed Stereoselective Synthesis of β‐Amino Ketones via a Direct Mannich‐Type Reaction.
Authors: Bigdeli Mohammad A. , Nemati Firouzeh , Mahdavinia Gholam Hossien
Published: December 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Cu(I)‐Mediated Cycloaddition Reaction of Zirconacyclopentadienes with Fumaronitrile and Application for Synthesis of Monocyano‐Substituted Pentacenes.
Authors: Takahashi Tamotsu , Li Yanzhong , Hu Jinghan , Kong Fanzhi , Nakajima Kiyohiko , Zhou Lishan , Kanno Ken‐ichiro
Published: December 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Indium(III) Chloride Catalyzed Thiolysis of meso‐Aziridines.
Authors: Peruncheralathan Saravanan , Henze Michael , Schneider Christoph
Published: December 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Zn‐Proline Catalyzed Selective Synthesis of 1,2‐Disubstituted Benzimidazoles in Water.
Authors: Ravi Varala , Ramu Enugala , Vijay Kotra , Rao Adapa Srinivas
Published: December 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Efficient Enantioselective Synthesis of Tetramic Acids and Lactams from Threonine.
Authors: Anwar Muhammad , Moloney Mark G.
Published: December 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Some 1,3‐Thiazole, 1,3,4‐Thiadiazole, Pyrazolo[5,1‐c]‐1,2,4‐triazine, and 1,2,4‐Triazolo[5,1‐c]‐1,2,4‐triazine Derivatives Based on the Thiazolo[3,2‐a]benzimidazole Moiety.
Authors: Hamdy Nehal A. , Abdel‐Aziz Hatem A. , Farag Ahmad M. , Fakhr Issa M. I.
Published: December 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: A Reinvestigation of the Reaction of Allylsilanes with N‐Phenyltriazolinedione: Stereoselective Synthesis of Substituted Urazoles by [3 + 2] Cycloaddition.
Authors: Dey Raudra T. , Haque Sk. Anwarul , Hazra Anindya , Basak Sankar , Sarkar Tarun K.
Published: December 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 4‐Dialkylaminopyridine Derivatives Through Ring‐Rearrangement of 3‐Nitro‐2H‐pyran‐2‐one Acetamidines.
Authors: Bertacche Vittorio , Contini Alessandro , Erba Emanuela , Nava Donatella , Trimarco Pasqualina
Published: December 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: A Practical Method for the Preparation of 4‐Hydroxyquinolinone Esters.
Authors: Beutner Gregory L. , Kuethe Jeffrey T. , Yasuda Nobuyoshi
Published: December 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Selective Amidoalkylation of Cyclic Enamino Ketones with N‐Acyliminium Salts of 3,4‐Dihydroisoquinolines.
Authors: Statkova‐Abeghe Stela , Angelov Plamen A. , Ivanov Iliyan , Nikolova Stoyanka , Kochovska Ekaterina
Published: December 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Substituted Imidazo[1,5‐a]pyridines Starting from N‐2‐Pyridylmethylamides Using Lawesson′s Reagent and Mercury(II) Acetate.
Authors: Moulin Aline , Garcia Sandra , Martinez Jean , Fehrentz Jean‐Alain
Published: December 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 3‐Substituted 2‐Thioxo‐2,3‐dihydro‐1H‐benzofuro[3,2‐d]pyrimidin‐4(1H)‐ones.
Authors: Il'chenko Olena V. , Zaremba Oleg V. , Kovalenko Sergiy M. , Sherakov Aliaksandr A. , Chernykh Valentin P.
Published: December 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Bismuth(III) Chloride‐Promoted Efficient Synthesis of Perimidine Derivatives under Ambient Conditions.
Authors: Zhang Junmin , Zhang Songlin
Published: December 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: An Efficient Synthesis of Quinazoline‐2,4‐dione Derivatives with the Aid of a Low‐Valent Titanium Reagent.
Authors: Shi Da‐Qing , Dou Guo‐Lan , Li Zheng‐Yi , Ni Sai‐Nan , Li Xiao‐Yue , Wang Xiang‐Shan , Wu Hui , Ji Shun‐Jun
Published: December 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Clean Synthesis in Water: Uncatalyzed Three‐Component Condensation Reaction of 3‐Amino‐1,2,4‐triazole or 2‐Aminobenzimidazole with Aldehyde in the Presence of Activated CH‐Acids.
Authors: Shaabani Ahmad , Rahmati Abbas , Rezayan Ali Hossein , Darvishi Mariya , Badri Zahra , Sarvari Afshin
Published: December 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Reactions of 5‐Amino‐3‐ (3‐methyl‐5‐oxo‐1‐phenyl‐2‐pyrazolin‐4‐yl)‐7‐phenyl‐7H‐thiazolo [3,2‐a]pyrimidine‐6‐carbonitrile.
Authors: Youssef Mohamed Salah K. , Omar Ahmed A.
Published: December 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Syntheses of 1,5‐Benzothiazepines. Part 33. Syntheses and Antimicrobial Studies of 10‐Substituted‐6‐(4‐methoxyphenyl)‐6H‐6a,7‐dihydro‐7‐ (4‐methoxyphenyl/3,4‐dimethoxyphenyl)[1]benzopyrano[3,4‐c] [1,5]benzothiazepines.
Authors: Pant Seema , Sharma Priyanka , Sharma B. S. , Pant Umesh C.
Published: December 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Chiral, Monodentate Aminophosphane and Phosphoramidite Ligands Derived from Amino Acid Esters: Application in Rh‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Olefin Hydrogenation Reactions.
Authors: Eberhardt Luc , Armspach Dominique , Matt Dominique , Toupet Loic , Oswald Benoit
Published: December 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: N,N′‐Dichlorobis(2,4,6‐trichlorophenyl)urea (CC‐2): An Efficient Reagent for N‐Chlorination of Amino Esters, Amide, and Peptides.
Authors: Sathe Manisha , Karade Hitendra , Kaushik Mahabir Parshad
Published: December 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Anomerically Pure, Furanose‐Free α‐Benzyl‐2‐amino‐2‐deoxy‐D‐altro‐ and D‐manno‐pyranosides and Some of Their Derivatives.
Authors: Chiu Tony M. K. , Sigillo Katina , Gross Paul H. , Franz Andreas H.
Published: December 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Total Synthesis and Stereochemistry Assignment of 15‐Membered Peptide Alkaloids Abyssenine B (Ia) and Mucronine E (Ib).
Authors: Wang Jing , Schaeffler Lutz , He Gang , Ma Dawei
Published: December 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Reactivity Pattern of in situ Generated Tetraethylammonium Superoxide with Some Flavonoids.
Authors: Singh Krishna Nand , Kumar Rajesh
Published: December 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: A Short and Convenient Chemical Route to Optically Pure 2‐Methyl Chromanmethanols. Total Asymmetric Synthesis of β‐, γ‐, and δ‐Tocotrienols.
Authors: Couladouros Elias A. , Moutsos Vassilios I. , Lampropoulou Maria , Little James L. , Hyatt John A.
Published: December 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective Synthesis of Pachastrissamine (Jaspin B) Using Dirhodium(II)‐Catalyzed C—H Amination and Asymmetric Dihydroxylation as Key Steps.
Authors: Yakura Takayuki , Sato Seiichi , Yoshimoto Yuya
Published: December 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Isoetin 5′‐Methyl Ether, a Cytotoxic Flavone from Trichosanthes kirilowii.
Authors: Rahman Md. Aziz Abdur , Moon Surk‐Sik
Published: December 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Rubusuaviins A—F, Monomeric and Oligomeric Ellagitannins from Chinese Sweet Tea and Their α‐Amylase Inhibitory Activity.
Authors: Li Haizhou , Tanaka Takashi , Zhang Ying‐Jun , Yang Chong‐Ren , Kouno Isao
Published: December 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Size‐Controlled Synthesis of Magnetic CuCr2Se4 Nanocrystals.
Authors: Wang Yu‐Hsiang A. , Bao Ningzhong , Shen Liming , Padhan Prahallad , Gupta Arunava
Published: December 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Methoxy‐ and Fluorine‐Substituted Analogues of O‐1302: Synthesis and in vitro Binding Affinity for the CB1 Cannabinoid Receptor.
Authors: Tobiishi Shintaro , Sasada Toru , Nojiri Yumiko , Yamamoto Fumihiko , Mukai Takahiro , Ishiwata Kiichi , Maeda Minoru
Published: December 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Metastable Fluorides and Potent Oxidizers. Their Preparation in Liquid Anhydrous HF, at Room and Lower Temperatures
Authors: Zemva Boris , Bartlett Neil
Published: December 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Spin‐Polarization and Electronic Properties of Half‐Metallic Heusler Alloys Calculated from First Principles
Authors: Galanakis I. , Mavropoulos Ph.
Published: December 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: (α‐Haloalkyl)boronic Esters in Asymmetric Synthesis
Authors: Matteson Donald S.
Published: December 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Multicomponent Reactions in the Total Synthesis of Natural Products
Authors: Toure Barry B. , Hall Dennis G.
Published: December 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthetic Libraries of Fungal Natural Products
Authors: Pirrung Michael C. , Li Zhitao , Liu Hao
Published: December 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: In Search of Novel Antibiotics Using a Natural Product Template Approach
Authors: Sofia Michael J.
Published: December 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Natural Products and Combinatorial Chemistry — An Uneasy Past But a Glorious Future
Authors: Ganesan A.
Published: December 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Supercritical CO2: An Effective Medium for the Chemoenyzmatic Synthesis of Block Copolymers?
Authors: Villarroya Silvia , Thurecht Kristofer J. , Heise Andreas , Howdle Steven M.
Published: December 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: SDX‐308 and SDX‐101, Non‐Steroidal Antiinflammatory Drugs, as Therapeutic Candidates for Treating Hematologic Malignancies Including Myeloma
Authors: Lentzsch Suzanne , Elliott Gary , Roodman G. David
Published: December 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Dioxygen Reactivity of meso‐Hydroxylated Hemes: Intermediates in Heme Degradation Process Catalyzed by Heme Oxygenase
Authors: Rath Sankar Prasad
Published: December 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Cellular Uptake Mechanisms and Potential Therapeutic Utility of Peptidic Cell Delivery Vectors: Progress 2001—2006
Authors: Fischer Peter M.
Published: December 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Intervention with Bacterial Adhesion by Multivalent Carbohydrates
Authors: Pieters Roland J.
Published: December 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: A Journey in Structure‐Based Drug Discovery: From Designed Peptides to Protein Surface Topomimetics as Antibiotic and Antiangiogenic Agents
Authors: Dings Ruud P. M. , Mayo Kevin H.
Published: December 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Prohibition against competing cancer clinical trials
Authors: Markman Maurie
Published: December 2007

The arbitrary decision to prevent the existence of competing trials within an individual cancer program based on the notion that selection bias will be reduced and the quality of the research will be enhanced is a poorly considered action. Furthermore, it has the very legitimate potential to be counterproductive by interfering with the societal goal of increasing the number of cancer patients who enter important clinical studies.
Elderly breast cancer patients treated by conservative surgery alone plus adjuvant tamoxifen
Authors: Martelli Gabriele , Miceli Rosalba , Costa Aurora , Coradini Danila , Zurrida Stefano , Piromalli Domenico , Vetrella Gaetano , Greco Marco
Published: December 2007

BACKGROUND.

In elderly patients with early breast cancer and a clinically clear axilla, axillary surgery, sentinel lymph node biopsy, and postoperative radiotherapy to the residual breast may not be necessary because of reduced life expectancy, effectiveness of hormone therapy in achieving long‐term disease control, and generally favorable biologic behavior of breast cancer in elderly patients.

METHODS.

The authors followed 354 prospectively recruited women aged ≥70 years who had primary, operable breast cancer and no palpable axillary lymph nodes. All 354 women were treated with conservative surgery and adjuvant tamoxifen and without axillary dissection or postoperative radiotherapy. Women who had resection margins in tumor tissue were excluded. Endpoints were cumulative incidence of axillary disease, cumulative incidence of ipsilateral breast tumor recurrence (IBTR), and breast cancer mortality.

RESULTS.

After a median follow‐up of 15 years (interquartile range, 14–17 years), the crude cumulative incidence was 4.2% (4% in pathologic T1 [pT1] tumors) for axillary disease, 8.3% (7.3% in pT1 tumors) for IBTR, and 17% for breast cancer mortality. Of the 268 patients who died during follow‐up, 222 patients (83%) died from causes unrelated to breast cancer.

CONCLUSIONS.

Elderly patients with early breast cancer and no palpable axillary lymph nodes may be safely treated safety by conservative surgery without axillary dissection and without postoperative radiotherapy, provided that surgical margins are in tumor‐free tissue and that hormone therapy is administered. Sentinel lymph node biopsy is also unnecessary because of the low cumulative incidence of axillary disease, and axillary surgery can be reserved for the small proportion of patients who later develop overt axillary disease. Cancer 2008. © 2007 American Cancer Society.
Kaposi sarcoma
Authors: Pantanowitz Liron
Published: December 2007

Despite major advancements, the optimal treatment for Kaposi sarcoma has yet to be defined. Comparable standards employing existing therapies to satisfactorily manage all epidemiologic forms of Kaposi sarcoma, and the utilization of mechanism‐based therapeutic strategies with innovative surrogate endpoints to appraise their efficacy, are required.
Spatial variability of soil and nutrient characteristics of semi‐arid grasslands and shrublands, Jornada Basin, New Mexico
Authors: Mueller Eva Nora , Wainwright John , Parsons Anthony J.
Published: December 2007

Heterogeneity of vegetation and soil properties is characteristic of semi‐arid and arid environments. The potential underlying causes of the dynamics that create this spatial variability, with consequent impacts on landscape connectivity and thus ecological and ecohydrological processes, are not clearly understood. An investigation was carried out into the spatial variability of ponded infiltration rate, soil moisture, soil‐aggregate stability, vegetation cover, random roughness and nutrient content in the soil (ammonium, nitrate and phosphorus) at grassland and shrubland sites for two spatial scales in the Jornada Basin, in the northern part of the Chihuahua desert. At the plant‐interplant scale, statistically significant differences exist between vegetated and non‐vegetated sites for soil moisture and infiltration rate within both shrublands and grasslands. The spatial distributions of all other parameters follow a more complex scheme at this scale. At the landscape scale, distinct differences exist for most parameters between the grasslands and the shrubland sites. Geostatistical analysis revealed that the autocorrelation lengths are not simply a function of average shrub sizes, but may be caused by a more complex pattern probably related to the spatial layout of rill and inter‐rill areas and other localized transfers of soil resources through the redistribution of water and wind. These results demonstrate the importance of understanding spatial linkages of processes within the landscape in understanding dryland ecosystem dynamics. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
FDTD method for site attenuation analysis of compact anechoic chamber using large‐cell concept
Authors: Kawabata Masato , Ishida Yasuhiro , Shimada Kazuo , Kuwabara Nobuo
Published: December 2007

In this paper, the FDTD method has been applied to analyze the site attenuation of an anechoic chamber at 100 MHz or less where the ray tracing method is not applicable. To calculate site attenuation by a personal computer, the dipole antenna and the EM absorber were modeled using a large cell which was larger than the diameter of the antenna element and the thickness of the EM absorber. The equivalent diameter of the antenna element was determined so that the calculated site attenuation in free space agreed with that by the method of moments, and the equivalent dielectric constant and permeability of the absorber were determined so that the reflection coefficient agreed with that by the transmission theory. The site attenuation of the compact anechoic chamber was calculated for frequencies from 30 MHz to 100 MHz and compared with the measured one to confirm the validity of the proposed modeling method. The results indicated that the deviation between the calculated values and the measured ones was within 2 dB. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 162(4): 9–16, 2008; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience. wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.20411
Output power leveling of wind turbine generator by pitch angle control using H∞ control
Authors: Sakamoto Ryosei , Senjyu Tomonobu , Kaneko Toshiaki , Urasaki Naomitsu , Takagi Teruo , Sugimoto Shigeyuki
Published: December 2007

Effective utilization of renewable energies such as wind energy is expected instead of the fossil fuels. Wind energy is not constant and windmill output is proportional to the cube of wind speed, which causes fluctuating power of wind turbine generator (WTG). In order to reduce the fluctuating power of WTG, this paper presents an output power leveling technique of WTG by pitch angle control using H∞ control, and the control input of WTG linear model is separated from the disturbance. The simulation results using actual detailed model for WTG show the effectiveness of the proposed method. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 162(4): 17–24, 2008; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience. wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.20657
Breaking Infinite CuI Carboxylate Helix Held by Cuprophilicity into Discrete Cun Fragments (n = 6, 4, 2) (Eur. J. Inorg. Chem. 2/2008)
Authors: Sevryugina Yulia , Petrukhina Marina A.
Published: December 2007

The cover picture shows the cleavage of an infinite copper(I) helix into discrete Cun fragments of decreasing nuclearity (n = 6, 4, 2) as a result of the increase in temperature of the gas‐phase reactions with polyarenes. Details are discussed in the article by Y. Sevryugina and M. A. Petrukhina on p. 219 ff.
Spontaneous NA+transients in individual mitochondria of intact astrocytes
Authors: Azarias Guillaume , Van De Ville Dimitri , Unser Michael , Chatton Jean‐Yves
Published: December 2007

Mitochondria in intact cells maintain low Na+levels despite the large electrochemical gradient favoring cation influx into the matrix. In addition, they display individual spontaneous transient depolarizations. The authors report here that individual mitochondria in living astrocytes exhibit spontaneous increases in their Na+concentration (Naspiking), as measured using the mitochondrial probe CoroNa Red. In a field of view with ∼30 astrocytes, up to 1,400 transients per minute were typically detected under resting conditions. Naspiking was also observed in neurons, but was scarce in two nonneural cell types tested. Astrocytic Naspikes averaged 12.2 ± 0.8 s in duration and 35.5 ± 3.2 mM in amplitude and coincided with brief mitochondrial depolarizations; they were impaired by mitochondrial depolarization and ruthenium red pointing to the involvement of a cation uniporter. Naspiking activity was significantly inhibited by mitochondrial Na+/H+exchanger inhibition and sensitive to cellular pH and Na+concentration. Ca2+played a permissive role on Naspiking activity. Finally, the authors present evidence suggesting that Naspiking frequency was correlated with cellular ATP levels. This study shows that, under physiological conditions, individual mitochondria in living astrocytes exhibit fast Na+exchange across their inner membrane, which reveals a new form of highly dynamic and localized functional regulation. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Inborn and acquired intelligence: an old problem revisited
Authors: Hassenstein Bernhard
Published: December 2007

The variance of IQ in a population is by defi nition the sum of the partial variances of genetic and environmental variation, expressed by percentages. But the cooperation between genome and environment, resulting in the phenotype, for instance in the measured IQ, is not additive but cooperative, that means nonlinear. Therefore the fi rst of the two partial variances represents the realised part of the genetic potential which therefore is present in the phenotype; but the second term represents, as the following analysis shows, the non‐realised genetic factors because of lacking environmental effi cacy, formally the product of environmental effi cacy with minus sign. This has been overlooked till now because of the loss of the “minus” sign by the quadration operation involved in the mathematical step from variation measures to variances.
The molecular etiology of breast cancer: Evidence from biomarkers of risk
Authors: Gaikwad Nilesh W. , Yang Li , Muti Paola , Meza Jane L. , Pruthi Sandhya , Ingle James N. , Rogan Eleanor G. , Cavalieri Ercole L.
Published: December 2007

Estrogens can become endogenous carcinogensviaformation of catechol estrogen quinones, which react with DNA to form specific depurinating estrogen‐DNA adducts. The mutations resulting from these adducts can lead to cell transformation and the initiation of breast cancer. Estrogen metabolites, conjugates and depurinating DNA adducts in urine samples from 46 healthy control women, 12 high‐risk women and 17 women with breast cancer were analyzed. The estrogen metabolites, conjugates and depurinating DNA adducts were identified and quantified by using ultraperformance liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry. The levels of the ratios of depurinating DNA adducts to their respective estrogen metabolites and conjugates were significantly higher in high‐risk women (p< 0.001) and women with breast cancer (p< 0.001) than in control subjects. The high‐risk and breast cancer groups were not significantly different (p= 0.62). After adjusting for patient characteristics, these ratios were still significantly associated with health status. Thus, the depurinating estrogen‐DNA adducts are possible biomarkers for early detection of breast cancer risk and response to preventive treatment. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Cancer incidence among women and girls environmentally and occupationally exposed to blue asbestos at Wittenoom, Western Australia
Authors: Reid Alison , Heyworth Jane , de Klerk Nicholas H. , Musk Bill
Published: December 2007

The impact of crocidolite exposure on the health of former Wittenoom miners and millers (largely male) has been well documented. Less is known about the health outcomes of the 2,968 women and girls who lived (N = 2,552) and worked (N = 416) in the blue asbestos milling and mining town of Wittenoom between 1943 and 1992. Quantitative exposure measurements were derived from dust studies undertaken over the lifetime of the mine and mill and the township. Incident cancers were obtained from the Western Australian (WA) Cancer Registry and the National Cancer Clearing House. Standardized incidence ratios (SIRS) compared Wittenoom females with the WA female population. Exposure‐response relationships were examined using a matched case‐control study design. There were (47) mesothelioma and (55) lung cancer cases among the 437 cancers in the Wittenoom females over the period 1960–2005. When compared to the WA female population, Wittenoom women and girls had higher rates of mesothelioma and possibly lung cancer. Mesothelioma incidence rates are increasing with the incidence rate of 193 per 100,000 in the period 2000–2005 being more than double that for the period 1995–1999 at 84 per 100,000. A significant exposure‐response relationship was present for mesothelioma, but not for lung cancer. Forty years after the asbestos mine and mill at Wittenoom were closed, there is a high toll from cancer among the former female residents of the town and company workers. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Enhancing institutional assessment efforts through qualitative methods
Authors: Chism Nancy Van Note , Banta Trudy W.
Published: December 2007

Qualitative methods can do much to describe context and illuminate the “why” behind patterns encountered in institutional assessment. Alone, or in combination with quantitative methods, they should be the approach of choice for many of the most important assessment questions.
Self‐sterilization using silicone catheters coated with Ag and TiO2 nanocomposite thin film
Authors: Yao Yanyan , Ohko Yoshihisa , Sekiguchi Yuki , Fujishima Akira , Kubota Yoshinobu
Published: December 2007

Ag/titanium dioxide (TiO2)‐coated silicon catheters were easily fabricated with Ag nanoparticles deposition on both the inside wall and the outside wall of TiO2‐coated catheters by TiO2 photocatalysis. This is an application of the silicon catheters coated with TiO2, which possess a self‐sterilizing and self‐cleaning property combining with UV light illumination (Ohko et al., J Biomed Mater Res: Appl Biomater 2001;58:97). Ag/TiO2‐coated silicon catheters exhibited a strong bactericidal effect even in the dark. When the 2–5 × 105 of colony‐forming units of Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, or Staphylococcus aureus were respectively applied to the surface of the Ag/TiO2 catheters, which were loaded with ∼15 nmol cm−2 of Ag, 99% effective sterilization occurred in a very short time: 20 min for E. coli, 60 min for P. aeruginosa, and 90 min for S. aureus. Additionally, the Ag/TiO2‐coated catheters possessed a strong self‐cleaning property. Using UV illumination, the photocatalytic decomposition rate of methylene blue dye representing the self‐cleaning capability, on an Ag/TiO2 catheter which was loaded with 2 nmol cm−2 of Ag, was ∼1.2 times higher (at maximum) than that on TiO2 coating alone. Furthermore, the Ag nanoparticles can be pre‐eminently and uniformly deposited onto the TiO2 coating, and the amount of Ag was easily controllable from a few nanomoles per square centimeter to ∼70 nmol cm−2 by changing the UV illumination time for TiO2 photocatalysis. This type of catheter shows a great promise in lowering the incidence of catheter‐related bacterial infections. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2008
A facile method to construct hybrid multilayered films as a strong and multifunctional antibacterial coating
Authors: Yuan Weiyong , Ji Jian , Fu Jinhong , Shen Jiacong
Published: December 2007

A multifunctional multilayered film containing TiO2 nanoparticles as contact‐active antibacterial agent and nanosilver as a release‐active antibacterial agent was fabricated via layer‐by‐layer assembly. TiO2 nanoparticles with the anatase crystalline dominant structure were synthesized via a sol‐gel method. The QCM, AFM, and contact angle measurement results indicated that the TiO2 nanoparticle‐chitosan was successfully assembled with heparin via layer‐by‐layer assembly. The UV visible spectroscopy demonstrated that the silver ions could be loaded into the multilayers and in situ synthesize silver nanoparticles in the multilayers template. The short‐term antibacterial assay showed the TiO2‐chitosan/heparin multilayers loaded with nanosilver was bactericidal both in the low intensity UV light and in the dark. The long‐term antibacterial assay indicated although the antibacterial in dark decreased with the PBS immersion time, the hybrid multilayered films sustained the long‐term antibacterial in the low intensity UV light. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2008
Adhesion of Streptococcus mutans to various dental materials in a laminar flow chamber system
Authors: Rosentritt Martin , Hahnel Sebastian , Gröger Gerhard , Mühlfriedel Bastian , Bürgers Ralf , Handel Gerhard
Published: December 2007

Newly developed dental materials have to be tested for their susceptibility to adhere bacteria causing caries and periodontitis. The objective of this study was to establish an in vitro laminar flow chamber assay for dental material evaluation with regard to the adhesion of oral bacteria. Test specimens of commonly used dental materials (ceramic (five brands of ceramics, n = 15/brand), composite (eight brands of composites, n = 15/brand), and alloy (two brands of alloys, n = 15/brand) specimens) were inserted in a laminar flow chamber system and rinsed with artificial saliva (2 h) and Streptococcus mutans NCTC 10,449 suspension (4 h) successively. The amount of adhered bacteria was quantified using a Resazurin reduction assay (Alamar Blue). Statistical analysis was performed using the Mann‐Whitney U‐test (α = 0.05). Regarding adhesion of Streptococcus mutans, significant differences between the various material classes were found. Highest fluorescence values (ranging from 973 to 3145), correlating with high bacterial adhesion, were found on composite samples, and lowest values (173–272) were found on the alloys. Ceramic specimens showed an intermediate adhesion of Streptococcus mutans (fluorescence values from 532 to 1326). Streptococcus mutans NCTC 10449 adhered differently to the various classes of dental materials. The established laminar flow chamber device provides a suitable method for evaluating the adhesion of oral bacteria to dental material surfaces. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2008
Antithrombogenicity of Hydromer's polymeric formula F202TM immobilized on polyurethane and electropolished stainless steel
Authors: Vicario Pasquale P. , Lu Zichun , Wang Zheng , Merritt Karen , Buongiovanni David , Chen Paul
Published: December 2007

Hydromer's heparin‐polymer complex (F202™) was applied to polyurethane film and electropolished medical grade stainless steel. The presence of heparin on the surface was confirmed by FT‐IR and immunofluorescent histochemistry. The F202™ polymer was nonthrombogenic and the development of thrombi on these surfaces after exposure to recalcified human whole blood was minimal or absent. Platelet adhesion to these F202™‐coated surfaces, compared to control (uncoated) surfaces, was low or absent after exposure to platelet‐rich plasma as determined by fluorescent staining and by immunohistochemistry. Our F202™ polymer was not hemolytic after exposure to human erythrocytes and was not cytotoxic in a standard cytotoxic protocol. The F202™ polymer could prove useful as an antithrombogenic coating for preventing thrombus formation on medical implants and catheters. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2008
UV laser‐induced desorption mechanism analyzed through two‐layer alkali halide samples
Authors: Fernández‐Lima F. A. , Ponciano C. R. , da Silveira E. F.
Published: December 2007

Time of flight‐mass spectrometry (TOF‐MS) is used to analyze positive and negative desorbed ions generated by UV laser ablation of several alkali (X) halide (Y) salts. Most of the observed desorbed cluster ions have the structure (XY)nX+ or (XY)nY−. Their desorption yields decrease as exp(−kn), where k ≈ 2 for both series, suggesting that the neutral component (XY)n plays the dominant role in the desorption process. Mass spectrum measurements were performed for compound samples in which two salts (out of CsI, RbI, KBr, KCl and KI) are homogeneously mixed or disposed in two superposed layers. The detection of small new ion species and large cluster ions of the original salts supports the scenario that the uppermost layers are completely atomized while deep layers are emitted colder and fragmented: It is proposed that ns‐pulsed laser induced desorption of ionic salts occurs via two sequential mechanisms: (1) ejection of cations and anions in the hot plume, followed by recombination into new cluster ions and (2) ejection of relatively cold preformed species originated from deep layers or from periphery of the irradiated region. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Localization of CD8+ cells specific for hepatitis B virus surface protein in the liver of immunized mice
Authors: Qu Di , Lanier Gibson , Yuan Zheng Hong , Wen Yu Mei , Howard Colin R. , Ahmed Rafi
Published: December 2007

DNA plasmids are potent inducers of long‐lasting antigen‐specific CTL responses. Little is known about the distribution of antigen‐specific CD8+ T cells in the lymphoid tissue and the non‐lymphoid tissue after DNA immunization. HBsAg‐specific CD8+ T cells in peripheral blood mononuclear cells, spleen, lymph nodes, and the liver of Balb/c mice have been quantified after injection with a DNA plasmid expressing the major S protein of hepatitis B virus (HBV). The kinetics of CD8+ T‐cell responses in the circulation were measured after priming and boosting, showing that antigen‐specific CD8+ T cells undergo first expansion and then decline to a sustainable level in the circulation, although the frequencies of HBsAg‐specific CD8+ T cells in the circulation were lower than for the spleen. The greater frequencies of HBsAg‐specific CD8+ T cells were found in the liver, whereas the largest numbers of antigen‐specific CD8+ T cells were found in the spleen. By day 100 after priming, HBsAg‐specific CD8+ T cells were still detected in the circulation, the spleen and the liver. After boosting with the same plasmid DNA immunogen, HBsAg‐specific CD8+ T cells proliferated quickly and vigorously. By 150 days after boosting, HBsAg‐specific memory CD8+ T cells were sustained at higher levels than those recorded after the first, primary injection, both in the spleen and the liver: anti‐HBs antibody‐secreting plasma cells persisted in the bone marrow and in the spleen, consistent with the detection of anti‐HBs antibodies detected in the blood. These findings indicate that DNA immunization has considerable potential for inducing specific T cell responses in the liver and offers a strategy for the development of post‐exposure immunotherapy against persistent hepatitis B infections. J. Med. Virol. 80:225–232, 2008. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
High prevalence of anti‐hepatitis E virus antibodies in blood donors from South West France
Authors: Mansuy Jean Michel , Legrand‐Abravanel Florence , Calot Jean Pierre , Peron Jean Marie , Alric Laurent , Agudo Sylvie , Rech Henri , Destruel François , Izopet Jacques
Published: December 2007

Cases of autochthonous acute hepatitis E occur in most industrialized countries and are frequent in the South West of France. The prevalence of anti‐hepatitis E virus (HEV) IgG antibodies in blood donors in this area was determined. A total of 529 samples from rural and urban blood donors were tested. The overall prevalence was 16.6%, 19.1% of rural donors and 14.2% of urban donors had anti‐HEV antibodies (P = 0.13). The antibodies were widely distributed among all age groups and the sex ratio of the anti‐HEV positive blood donors was 1.12 (P = 0.57). Hunting was the only pastime or profession associated with a high prevalence of anti‐HEV antibodies (P = 0.038). The frequency of anti‐HEV antibodies in blood donors could reflect active autochthonous transmission in this area of France. As the risk factors for HEV infection in industrialized countries are still unknown, further studies are needed to clarify the epidemiology of HEV infection in the Midi‐Pyrénées region. J. Med. Virol. 80:289–293, 2008. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.